bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zur Kinetik der DNS‐Denaturierung
Authors: Crothers Donald M. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractEine Theorie der Relaxationskinetik der Helix‐Coil‐Umwandlung von Polynucleotiden wird gegeben. In Übereinstimmung mit dieser Theorie zeigen Messungen an einer Reihe von T2‐Phagen‐DNS‐Molekülen. verschiedener Länge, daß unterhalb eines Molekulargewichtes (M) von 20·106 die Relaxationszeit (τ0) mit M2 ansteigt. Für M > 20 · 106 ist τ0 dagegen fast unabhängig vom Molekulargewicht. Die Ergebnisse werden als Hinweis dafür gewertet, daß je T2‐DNS‐Molekül etwa 6 Einzelstrangbrüche vorliegen. Die Bedeutung dieses Umstandes für den Replikationsmechanismus wird diskutiert.Aus den Messungen wird der Reibungskoeffizient für die Rotationsdiffusion der beiden Stränge berechnet. Dieser ergibt sich um 103mal größer, als man in Wasser erwarten würde. Der Unterschied ist wahrscheinlich auf die größere mikroskopische Viskosität einer geordneten Wasserstruktur in der Umgebung der DNS‐Moleküle zurückzuführen.
Kinetics of Antibody‐Hapten Reactions
Authors: Froese A. , Sehon A. H. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractDie Reaktion zwischen Antikörpern spezifisch gegenüber der p‐Nitrobenzolgruppe und dem Natriumsalz der 4,5‐Dihydroxy‐3‐(p‐nitrophenylazo) 2,7‐naphthalindisulfonsäure wurde untersucht. Das Reaktionssystem wurde spektrophotometrisch verfolgt und die kinetischen Daten wurden mit der Temperatursprungmethode bestimmt; die berechneten Geschwindigkeitskonstanten werden diskutiert.
Zur Kinetik erregbarer Systeme
Authors: Franck U. F. , Kettner F. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractEs werden an Hand elektrochemischer und elektronischer Nervenmodelle die reaktionskinetischen Voraussetzungen untersucht, die ein physikalisch‐chemisches System erfüllen muß, damit Auslösbarkeit bzw. Erregbarkeit und deren spontane Regenerierung möglich ist. Die Ergebnisse werden an einem neuartigen, aus einer Tunneldiode und einem temperaturabhängigen Widerstand bestehenden Nervenmodell demonstriert.
Zur Phasenanalyse von Mangandioxid. II [l]
Authors: Bode H. , Schmier A. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractDie chemische Reduktion des Alphamangandioxids verläuft zunächst homogen. Die untere Grenze der homogenen Phase liegt bei einem Mangan‐Sauerstoffverhältnis MnO1,87. Unterhalb von MnO1,87 wird die Reduktion heterogen. Es wird eine neue Phase gebildet, die dem Hausmannit (Mn3O4) entspricht. Hochoxidiertes Alphamangandioxid besitzt beträchtliche Ionenaustauscheigenschaften, die mit abnehmendem Oxydationsgrad geringer werden und an der unteren Phasengrenze ganz verschwinden.
Über die Taktizität ionisch hergestellter Poly‐α‐methylstyrole
Authors: Braun Dietrich , Heufer Gert , Johnsen Uwe , Kolbe Klaus 
Published: April 2015

AbstractDie Protonenresonanzspektroskopie von kationisch und anionisch hergestellten Poly‐α‐methylstyrolen ermöglicht quantitative Aussagen über die Taktizität der Polymeren. Neben Angaben über die Konzentration isotaktischer, heterotaktischer und syndiotaktischer Grundbausteine sowie isotaktischer und syndiotaktischer Verknüpfungen in den Polymerketten lassen sich auch die mittleren Längen von isotaktischen und syndiotaktischen Sequenzen berechnen. Die kationisch hergestellten Poly‐α‐methylstyrole sind hochgradig syndiotaktisch gebaut, während die anionisch erhaltenen Polymeren als nahezu ataktisch anzusprechen sind. Es ergibt sich, daß die Struktur der Polymerketten—abgesehen von der Polymerisationstemperatur—nur davon bestimmt wird, ob die Polymerisation anionisch oder kationisch verläuft, ohne daß ein Einfluß des speziellen Initiatorsystems oder des Lösungsmittels besteht.
Parapharangeal edema: an uncommon complication of TMJ arthroscopy
Authors: Kassam Karim , Cheong Ryan , Cascarini Luke 
Published: April 2015

Key Clinical MessageOhnishi in 1975 first described temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthroscopy. Along with its extensive use, a range of complications has emerged. We describe a patient who experienced parapharyngeal swelling after undergoing arthroscopy. Prolonged intubation up to 1 hour postoperatively was required. The swelling resolved completely over 6 h without further intervention.
Increased risk of additional cancers among patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors: A population‐based study
Authors: Murphy James D. , Ma Grace L. , Baumgartner Joel M. , Madlensky Lisa , Burgoyne Adam M. , Tang Chih‐Min , Martinez Maria Elena , Sicklick Jason K. 
Published: April 2015

BACKGROUNDMost gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are considered nonhereditary or sporadic. However, single‐institution studies suggest that GIST patients develop additional malignancies at increased frequencies. It was hypothesized that greater insight could be gained into possible associations between GISTs and other malignancies with a national cancer database inquiry.METHODSPatients diagnosed with GISTs (2001‐2011) in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database were included. Standardized prevalence ratios (SPRs) and standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were used to quantify cancer risks incurred by GIST patients before and after GIST diagnoses, respectively, in comparison with the general US population.RESULTSThere were 6112 GIST patients, and 1047 (17.1%) had additional cancers. There were significant increases in overall cancer rates: 44% (SPR, 1.44) before the GIST diagnosis and 66% (SIR, 1.66) after the GIST diagnosis. Malignancies with significantly increased occurrence both before and after diagnoses included other sarcomas (SPR, 5.24; SIR, 4.02), neuroendocrine‐carcinoid tumors (SPR, 3.56; SIR, 4.79), non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (SPR, 1.69; SIR, 1.76), and colorectal adenocarcinoma (SPR, 1.51; SIR, 2.16). Esophageal adenocarcinoma (SPR, 12.0), bladder adenocarcinoma (SPR, 7.51), melanoma (SPR, 1.46), and prostate adenocarcinoma (SPR, 1.20) were significantly more common only before the GIST diagnosis. Ovarian carcinoma (SIR, 8.72), small intestine adenocarcinoma (SIR, 5.89), papillary thyroid cancer (SIR, 5.16), renal cell carcinoma (SIR, 4.46), hepatobiliary adenocarcinoma (SIR, 3.10), gastric adenocarcinoma (SIR, 2.70), pancreatic adenocarcinoma (SIR, 2.03), uterine adenocarcinoma (SIR, 1.96), non–small cell lung cancer (SIR, 1.74), and transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder (SIR, 1.65) were significantly more common only after the GIST diagnosis.CONCLUSIONSThis is the first population‐based study to characterize the associations and temporal relations between GISTs and other cancers by both site and histological type. These associations may carry important clinical implications for future cancer screening and treatment strategies. Cancer 2015;121:2960–2967. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Near‐ultraviolet laser diodes for brilliant ultraviolet fluorophore excitation
Authors: Telford William G. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAlthough multiple lasers are now standard equipment on most modern flow cytometers, ultraviolet (UV) lasers (325–365 nm) remain an uncommon excitation source for cytometry. Nd:YVO4 frequency‐tripled diode pumped solid‐state lasers emitting at 355 nm are now the primary means of providing UV excitation on multilaser flow cytometers. Although a number of UV excited fluorochromes are available for flow cytometry, the cost of solid‐state UV lasers remains prohibitively high, limiting their use to all but the most sophisticated multilaser instruments. The recent introduction of the brilliant ultraviolet (BUV) series of fluorochromes for cell surface marker detection and their importance in increasing the number of simultaneous parameters for high‐dimensional analysis has increased the urgency of including UV sources in cytometer designs; however, these lasers remain expensive. Near‐UV laser diodes (NUVLDs), a direct diode laser source emitting in the 370–380 nm range, have been previously validated for flow cytometric analysis of most UV‐excited probes, including quantum nanocrystals, the Hoechst dyes, and 4′,6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole. However, they remain a little‐used laser source for cytometry, despite their significantly lower cost. In this study, the ability of NUVLDs to excite the BUV dyes was assessed, along with their compatibility with simultaneous brilliant violet (BV) labeling. A NUVLD emitting at 375 nm was found to excite most of the available BUV dyes at least as well as a UV 355 nm source. This slightly longer wavelength did produce some unwanted excitation of BV dyes, but at sufficiently low levels to require minimal additional compensation. NUVLDs are compact, relatively inexpensive lasers that have higher power levels than the newest generation of small 355 nm lasers. They can, therefore, make a useful, cost‐effective substitute for traditional UV lasers in multicolor analysis involving the BUV and BV dyes. Published 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the United States of America.
Synthesis and Hydroboration of a Mixed‐Donor Iminoboryl Complex of Platinum
Authors: Brand Johannes , Braunschweig Holger , Dewhurst Rian D. , Hupp Florian , Lang Katharina 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe first iminoboryl complex with a non‐phosphine donor ligand has been isolated and fully characterized. The structural and spectroscopic parameters of the PtII complex, which bears one phosphine and one N‐heterocyclic carbene ligand, suggest that the Pt center backdonates less to the iminoboryl ligand than in conventional (iminoboryl)bis(phosphine) complexes, despite the presence of a strongly σ‐donating NHC ligand. This iminoboryl complex was found to undergo facile hydroboration with catecholborane, leading to an N‐borylated hydroboryl complex.
Peri‐implant stress correlates with bone and cement morphology: Micro‐FE modeling of implanted cadaveric glenoids
Authors: Wee Hwabok , Armstrong April D. , Flint Wesley W. , Kunselman Allen R. , Lewis Gregory S. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTAseptic loosening of cemented joint replacements is a complex biological and mechanical process, and remains a clinical concern especially in patients with poor bone quality. Utilizing high resolution finite element analysis of a series of implanted cadaver glenoids, the objective of this study was to quantify relationships between construct morphology and resulting mechanical stresses in cement and trabeculae.Eight glenoid cadavers were implanted with a cemented central peg implant. Specimens were imaged by micro‐CT, and subject‐specific finite element models were developed. Bone volume fraction, glenoid width, implant‐cortex distance, cement volume, cement–cortex contact, and cement–bone interface area were measured. Axial loading was applied to the implant of each model and stress distributions were characterized. Correlation analysis was completed across all specimens for pairs of morphological and mechanical variables.The amount of trabecular bone with high stress was strongly negatively correlated with both cement volume and contact between the cement and cortex (r = −0.85 and −0.84, p < 0.05). Bone with high stress was also correlated with both glenoid width and implant‐cortex distance.Contact between the cement and underlying cortex may dramatically reduce trabecular bone stresses surrounding the cement, and this contact depends on bone shape, cement amount, and implant positioning. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:1671–1679, 2015.
Brom in der Schule
Authors: Ruppersberg Klaus 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBromunfälle an Schulen sind besonders spektakulär, wenn ein großes Aufgebot an Rettungskräften mit Blaulicht und Martinshorn auf dem Schulhof steht. Ist elementares Brom wirklich für guten Chemieunterricht erforderlich?
Ohne Umwege — direkte Aminierung von Aliphaten
Authors: Hempel Christian , Nachtsheim Boris J. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIm Fokus vieler Forschungsgruppen steht aktuell die direkte Aminierung von sp3‐hybridisierten C‐H‐Bindungen. Besonders schwierig ist es, unaktivierte, aliphatische C‐H‐Bindungen selektiv zu aminieren.
Kleinstes Silber im Blick
Authors: Schneider Gregor 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBeim Inverkehrbringen von Nanoprodukten sind mehr Daten notwendig als bei Nichtnanoprodukten. Hersteller von Nanosilber leiden unter zusätzlichen Auflagen und überforderten Behörden. Aber Risikoforschung kann sich zum Wettbewerbsvorteil entwickeln.
Achieving CCA security from DCCA security more efficiently by using the KEM+DEM hybrid paradigm
Authors: Chen Yuan , Dong Qingkuan 
Published: April 2015

AbstractDetectable Chosen Ciphertext (DCCA) security is a useful notion to achieve CCA security for public‐key encryptions (PKE). An “inner‐outer” structure can transform a DCCA‐secure PKE into a CCA‐secure one. In the structure, the “inner” layer encrypts both the message and the two embedded randomness, so a key encapsulated mechanism (KEM) + data encapsulation mechanism (DEM) hybrid paradigm helps to gain time efficiency. Nevertheless, the long “inner” ciphertext still makes the “outer” encryption less efficient. We show that the structure can be applied solely on the KEM part, and even the embedded randomness can be encrypted outside the structure by introducing a CCA‐secure DEM. These reduce the length of the “inner” ciphertext, thus avoiding some redundant re‐encryptions in the “outer” layer and offload as much of the work as possible from KEMs to faster DEMs. Combined with a recent improvement made on the “outer” layer, we can gain better time and space efficiency. Additionally, we prove that when a DCCA‐secure KEM satisfies the so‐called “translatability”, a proper related‐key secure DEM helps to achieve CCA security directly by applying the hybrid paradigm without any use of the less efficient “inner‐outer” structure. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cannabinoid Receptor-2 Regulates Embryonic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Development via Prostaglandin E2 and P-Selectin Activity
Authors: Esain Virginie , Kwan Wanda , Carroll Kelli J. , Cortes Mauricio , Liu Sarah Y. , Frechette Gregory M. , Sheward Lea M. V. , Nissim Sahar , Goessling Wolfram , North Trista E. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Cannabinoids (CB) modulate adult hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPCs) function, however, impact on the production, expansion, or migration of embryonic HSCs is currently uncharacterized. Here, using chemical and genetic approaches targeting CB-signaling in zebrafish, we show that CB receptor (CNR) 2, but not CNR1, regulates embryonic HSC development. During HSC specification in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) region, CNR2 stimulation by AM1241 increased runx1;cmyb+ HSPCs, through heightened proliferation, whereas CNR2 antagonism decreased HSPC number; FACS analysis and absolute HSC counts confirmed and quantified these effects. Epistatic investigations showed AM1241 significantly upregulated PGE2 synthesis in a Ptgs2-dependent manner to increase AGM HSCs. During the phases of HSC production and colonization of secondary niches, AM1241 accelerated migration to the caudal hematopoietic tissue (CHT), the site of embryonic HSC expansion, and the thymus; however these effects occurred independently of PGE2. Using a candidate approach for HSC migration and retention factors, P-selectin was identified as the functional target of CNR2 regulation. Epistatic analyses confirmed migration of HSCs into the CHT and thymus was dependent on CNR2-regulated P-selectin activity. Together, these data suggest CNR2-signaling optimizes the production, expansion, and migration of embryonic HSCs by modulating multiple downstream signaling pathways. Stem Cells 2015;33:2596—2612
Boron nitride materials: an overview from 0D to 3D (nano)structures
Authors: Arenal Raul , Lopez‐Bezanilla Alejandro 
Published: April 2015

Boron nitride (BN) materials present different crystalline phases including fullerene‐like (0D), nanotubes (1D, NTs), hexagonal (2D, h‐BN), and cubic (3D) structures. These materials show a rich variety of physical and chemical properties with multiple potential applications in industry, science, and technology, especially in the fields of nano‐electronics, optoelectronics, field emission, and lubrication in extreme conditions of temperature. BN compounds are chemically and thermally very stable and resistant to oxidation. The large electronic band gap confers to BN compounds complementary electronic properties to the C allotropes with similar structure. The combination of BN and C materials forming heterostructures has gained an increasing importance in the nano‐sciences. In particular, heterostructures combining graphene with mono‐ and multi‐layer h‐BN, or C‐ with BN‐nanotubes are the object of intensive study in nano‐sciences due to their unique electronic properties. Applications based on BN structures have created great expectations and offer enormous possibilities in the next generation of electronic devices. However, the massive production of high‐quality defect‐free BN materials is still an experimental challenge. WIREs Comput Mol Sci 2015, 5:299–309. doi: 10.1002/wcms.1219This article is categorized under:

Structure and Mechanism > Computational Materials Science
Electronic Structure Theory > Ab Initio Electronic Structure Methods
Theoretical and Physical Chemistry > Spectroscopy
Resident health-related quality of life in Swiss nursing homes
Authors: Chouiter L. , Wodchis W.P. , Abderhalden C. , von Gunten A. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundHealth-related quality of life (HRQOL) levels and their determinants in those living in nursing homes are unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate different HRQOL domains as a function of the degree of cognitive impairment and to explore associations between them and possible determinants of HRQOL.MethodFive HRQOL domains using the Minimum Data Set - Health Status Index (MDS-HSI) were investigated in a large sample of nursing home residents depending on cognitive performance levels derived from the Cognitive Performance Scale. Large effect size associations between clinical variables and the different HRQOL domains were looked for.ResultsHRQOL domains are impaired to variable degrees but with similar profiles depending on the cognitive performance level. Basic activities of daily living are a major factor associated with some but not all HRQOL domains and vary little with the degree of cognitive impairment.LimitationsThis study is limited by the general difficulties related to measuring HRQOL in patients with cognitive impairment and the reduced number of variables considered among those potentially influencing HRQOL.ConclusionHRQOL dimensions are not all linearly associated with increasing cognitive impairment in NH patients. Longitudinal studies are required to determine how the different HRQOL domains evolve over time in NH residents.
Combustion noise is scale-free: transition from scale-free to order at the onset of thermoacoustic instability
Authors: Murugesan Meenatchidevi , Sujith R. I. 
Published: April 2015

We investigate the scale invariance of combustion noise generated from turbulent reacting flows in a confined environment using complex networks. The time series data of unsteady pressure, which is the indicative of spatiotemporal changes happening in the combustor, is converted into complex networks using the visibility algorithm. We show that the complex networks obtained from the low-amplitude, aperiodic pressure fluctuations during combustion noise have scale-free structure. The power-law distributions of connections in the scale-free network are related to the scale invariance of combustion noise. We also show that the scale-free feature of combustion noise disappears and order emerges in the complex network topology during the transition from combustion noise to combustion instability. The use of complex networks enables us to formalize the identification of the pattern (i.e. scale-free to order) during the transition from combustion noise to thermoacoustic instability as a structural change in topology of the network.
THE DIVERGING APPROACHES OF THE EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE CASES OF NADA AND AL-DULIMI
Authors: Hollenberg Stephan 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe UN Security Council's practice of targeted sanctions has resulted in serious limitations on the enjoyment of targeted individuals' human rights. The European Court of Human Rights pronounced on this issue in two instances. In the cases of Nada (Grand Chamber judgment) and al-Dulimi (Chamber judgment) the Court was asked to evaluate the lawfulness of the domestic implementation of sanction measures against the ECHR. Surprisingly, each Chamber opted for a different solution. The present article will discuss these solutions and evaluate them within the broader framework of international law, the Court's jurisprudence, and the conflicting interests involved.
THE APPARENT NON-SIGNIFICANCE OF SEX IN CHILD UNDERNUTRITION IN INDIA
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Simantini 
Published: April 2015

SummaryThe lack of significance of sex in the determination of child nutrition in India, as revealed from the analysis of data from the entire population, is misleading and perplexing. Given that child nutrition is affected by all channels through which sex bias operates, scholars have sought to explain its inconclusive evidence, looking at child-specific household-level factors such as birth order and sex composition of surviving older siblings. The paper points out that sex inequality needs to be examined in the context of its intersection with other consequential social identities such as religious membership, economic status and caste group affiliation. Sex disparity in child stunting is found to be prevalent particularly among upper caste Hindus. However, the relative advantage that poor tribal girls enjoy is reversed with improvement in wealth status. Thus, children in different social settings need customized policy focus.
‘Digital indigestion’: cumbia, class and a post-digital ethos in Buenos Aires
Authors: Baker Geoffrey 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis article focuses on three recent manifestations of cumbia in Buenos Aires, Argentina: digital cumbia released by ZZK Records; retro cumbia orchestras; and a newer strand of digital cumbia, música turra. The first two are identified with the middle class, whereas the third emerged from the clases populares (‘popular classes’). Música turra is underpinned by government policies towards digital inclusion, while middle-class incursions into the traditionally working-class sphere of cumbia, too, suggest increasing social cohesion. However, the digital fascination of música turra contrasts with an embrace of the analogue and acoustic in middle-class cumbia. These developments point to the emergence of a post-digital ethos and a shift from a digital to a post-digital divide, also running along class lines, analysed here through a Bourdieusian lens of taste and distinction. While transnational in nature, the post-digital ethos appears in Buenos Aires in a distinctive local form, articulated to growing Latin Americanism and post-neoliberalism on the part of the middle class.
Mother revolution: representations of the maternal body in the work of Tori Amos
Authors: Boak Sarah 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe pregnant or maternal body is conspicuously absent within popular music. The dominant representation of female bodies – sonically, visually and spatially conceived – is that of a sexualised body, available to men and existing under the male gaze. The figure of the pregnant, maternal or motherly body is marked as Other – not desirable and therefore not marketable. Looking at the work of Tori Amos, I demonstrate how she makes the maternal body both audible and visible through a number of musical and extra-musical strategies. Theorising the maternal body in a series of overlapping stages – from the pregnant body to the maternal body, through liminal stages such as miscarriage and birthing – I highlight how Amos uses the figure of the maternal body not only to challenge dominant tropes of sexuality, but to create an embodied space where normative conceptions of ‘mother’ and ‘mothering’ can be troubled.