bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Foreword
Authors: Bull James R. 
Published: March 2014

It is a pleasure to introduce this issue devoted to the theme of aromaticity, and to comment on some historical considerations and criteria for Special Topic features in Pure and Applied Chemistry (PAC). The core business of the Journal is to publish papers based upon authoritative lectures presented at IUPACsponsored conferences, symposia, and workshops, and to publish IUPAC Recommendations and Technical Reports.Special Topics were originally conceived as a tool to promote new and emerging principles and practice in all branches of chemical sciences, through the medium of works based upon inaugural events or special IUPAC projects. The latter projects were sometimes driven by Divisional or individual initiatives within the Union, but it has come to be recognized that regular IUPAC-sponsored series of international events also offer rich scope for highlighting important advances in specialized subject areas. This is reflected in the recent history of Special Topic issues. The criteria for selection have emerged as timeliness and strong evidence of support and interest from the community of authors and readers. Publication projects arising from the Special Topics initiative generally continue to achieve gratifyingly favorable citation profiles, and thereby support the view that they fulfil an important and distinctive need in current review literature.Proceedings of most events in the International Symposia in Novel Aromatic Compounds (ISNA) series have routinely been published in PAC for some 40 years, and offer convincing evidence of sustained interest in the chemistry and properties of aromatic compounds, and growing interdisciplinary interfaces with materials sciences and nanotechnologies. The series was inaugurated in Sendai, Japan (1970) as an International Symposium on the Chemistry of Nonbenzenoid Aromatic Compounds. After a second meeting four years later, the current, more inclusive series title emerged as a prescient change that heralded astonishing advances in the role of aromaticity in new-age compounds and materials. The early three- to four-year intervals between events have recently diminished to two years, in apparent response to growing topicality and urgency. A case for Special Topic coverage of ISNA-13 is thus persuasively supported by the community that it serves, as well as the strong citation profiles of collections arising from recent events in the series.The passage to publication for this project has been materially supported by enthusiastic authorship cooperation and timely submission of manuscripts, and it is a particular pleasure to pay tribute to the Chair, Prof. François Diederich, and Co-chair, Prof. A. Dieter Schlüter of the Organizing Committee, and for their roles in the compilation of the scientific program and their exceptional devotion in contributing actively to overseeing peer review of the manuscripts. This collection will serve as an overview of current advances and future opportunities in the field of aromatic chemistry, and an enduring and representative record of an outstanding event.James R. BullScientific Editor
Preface
Authors: Georghiou Paris E. 
Published: March 2014

The 22nd International Congress on Heterocyclic Chemistry (ICHC-22) was held 2-7 August 2009 in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. St. John's, the capital of Canada's youngest Province, Newfoundland and Labrador, is also Canada’s oldest and North America’s most easterly city. The Conference was chaired by Prof. Mohsen Daneshtalab (School of Pharmacy, Memorial University of Newfoundland) and was organized by the School of Pharmacy and the Chemistry Department at Memorial University of Newfoundland.Approximately 260 participants from over 30 different countries attended. The scientific program consisted of 10 plenary lectures, 19 invited lectures, 52 short communications, and 115 posters. Prof. Samuel Danishefsky (Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, Columbia University) was honored with the 2009 ISHC Senior Award in Heterocyclic Chemistry, and Prof. John Wood (Colorado State University) was the 2009 Katritzky Junior Award winner. A special symposium entitled "Focus on heterocycles in organic synthesis today and tomorrow" was held during the Congress as a tribute to Prof. Victor Snieckus (Queen's University, Kingston) for his research accomplishments and long-time contribution to the International Society of Heterocyclic Chemistry (ISHC).The five Congress themes were:- New Methods in Heterocyclic Chemistry- Biologically Active Heterocycles (Pharmaceuticals/Agrochemicals)- Heterocyclic Natural Products and their Analogues- Applications of Heterocycles in Organic Synthesis- Heterocycles in Materials ScienceBesides the collection of 9 papers that are based on the plenary and invited lectures included in this issue of Pure and Applied Chemistry, the ICHC-22 Book of Abstracts is available online and can be downloaded for free from http://www.ichc2009.ca/abstract_book.pdf in pdf format.ICHC-23 will be held in Glasgow, Scotland, 31 July to 5 August 2011 with the following five main themes of heterocyclic chemistry: synthetic methodology, natural products and complex molecule synthesis, materials, medicinal chemistry, and nanochemistry. The conference will be chaired by Prof. Colin Suckling (University of Strathclyde).The organizers are grateful to all who contributed to a successful scientific program, especially to the speakers and to our public and private sponsors: City of St. John's, Memorial University of Newfoundland, IUPAC, Thieme, Wiley-Blackwell, Elsevier, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., ChemRoutres Corporation, and American Diagnostica, Inc.Paris E. GeorghiouConference Editor
Writers Guild Foundation Shavelson-Webb Library and Archive
Authors: Banks Miranda J. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
This article provides an overview of the resources available at the Writers Guild Foundation Shavelson Webb Library in Los Angeles, California. Included is a history of the library, an explanation of the Writers Guild Foundation’s Archive, and discussion of the library and archive’s extensive holdings. The author details resources available online. The article also offers information on how to prepare for a visit to the library and best practices when conducting research or using the Writers Guild Foundation Library and Archive for scholarly or creative work.
Sharing is believing: How Syrian digital propaganda images become re-inscribed as heroes
Authors: Alexander Lauren , Elsrakbi Ghalia 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Our article will take the reader on a tour through collected observations based on digital images, created both by the Syrian Al-Assad regime and anti-regime groups. The pool of digital images on which our observations and deductions are based, are scraped from social media such as Facebook and YouTube. We do not claim to have an entirely representative nor objective collection, but perceive the selected images as being valuable to understand and decode the current political situation since the Syrian uprising started in early 2011.
We trace the development and strategies connected to online image production and distribution. What began in 2011 as a euphoric and celebratory use of online images by anti-government protestors, soon became a web of propaganda. On opposing sides of the battle skilled Photoshoppers and hackers join forces in a virtual battle of images and data. Manipulated images, strategic false campaigns, identities and rumours became the norm. We contemplate the lack of identity of the Syrian opposition, as a result of vague and splintered fighters, activists and disappointing leaders. We speculate around the ways that historic images of leaders and childhood characters are re-inscribed to claim an important place online, where leaders and heroes are missing.
Postnational technollaboration within the postbiotanical village (an Apophenoetic Prophecy)
Authors: Kazemzadeh Max 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Postnational, or after or more than national, is a world that connects the international with the local. Technollaboration, is how creative digital communities use technology to improve methods and environments for collaboration. Postbiotanical, after or more than biotanical, represents the future of human-centric collectives around farming and urban living and sustainability. Village, is ambiguous and raises the question how large is local, and how does a village-centric view impact the way we treat each other? Art traditionally functions as an environment for philosophical and creative activity that works to secure its borders from intruding dictatorial ethics, ideology, politics or dogma that might sully its aim to maintain its open arduous exploration of the clash between image and meaning, icon and significance, or perception and identity in reference to culture and history. Integrating technology into this discourse introduces a milieu of associations, expectations and conclusions about how technological innovation, practices and products should be steered, which can also influence what we both make and teach. The web has since evolved into a pervasively instantaneous space for more involved forms of communication (Google hangout), content sharing (SVN), publishing (blogs), community building (messageboards, Facebook), creative performance (Isadora) and more. Now creative interactive initiatives are not limited to merely making a statement or triggering a semiotic synapse, but rather can have a social impact, enacting, mobilizing and serving as a resource for the public. Telematic Art that includes the activities surrounding Digital Communities and their behaviour, does not merely provide an environment to discuss social issues, but embodies social interaction in ways in which new forms of collective expression can be realized. The development of telematics tools is empowering for the public while serving as a medium that influences how individuals interact.
Between DIY/DIWO models, open source hardware, software, and creation initiatives, practivist initiatives, creative hacking ideologies, immersion, and web-based communication tools to localize the international collaborative workshop, I believe our formats for education and exchange are becoming more collective and empowering, and with the inclusion of digital social collaboration initiatives seen in myriad examples of Telematic Art, there exists the potential to motivate a mindset desiring new shifts in perception and making with the goals of serving the global community in significant and direct ways.
Image as an avatar and metaphysical interfacing
Authors: Kentonis Achilleas 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Culture is the result of the actions taken in order to communicate with our selves, our society and the environment or nature, which hosts us. This simplification of culture creates a number of paradoxes and complexities but it still gives a good meaningful landscape. Image of course is an element sensed by a sensor with limited spectrum (visible light only) being the human eye.
To Be Looked at (from multiple sides) with more than One I, Close to and Even Closer, for Almost an Instant
Authors: Ljubec Živa 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The instructions inscribed in French on a strip of metal glued across Marcel Duchamp’s work, also known as Small Glass, translate into English as follows: ‘To Be Looked at (from the Other Side of the Glass) with One Eye, Close to, for Almost an Hour’. In exploration of the implications of such strenuous procedure the original instructions will be expanded upon: ‘To Be Looked at (from Multiple Sides) with more than One I, Close to and Even Closer, for Almost an Instant’ - an invitation to exercise the polyphibic awareness of multiplicity of appearances, the ability to look at a phenomenon not only from one or the other side but from multiple sides, in its multiple potential apparitions.
Iconoclasm: The loss of iconic image in art and visual communication
Authors: Samir Nagla 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Why is the urge to lose the iconic image relevant to reformation and modernism? A question so central in a society built more than ever on visual media dependency. Is that relevant to sceptical questioning of the essence of reality, and if the image is a reflection of reality in the era of new technology of image creating and manipulating? As iconoclasts began deliberately destroying images at the alter as a sign of reformation, modern art was no longer bound by truthful representations of iconic reality; from shift in colour as a medium to a scientific light reflection, to pushing colour boundaries in reality, to losing the object for the absolute representation of abstract and supermatist visual, to deliberate losing of intended visual representation to materials, then to the empty frame, and to the empty gallery … on goes the iconoclastic gesture of modern art.
Followed by a transitional shift from iconic representation all the way to resonance in visual communications, exploring with the possibilities of different referential functions of signs, and thru to minimalism and replacing visual by verbal referential codes.
This article studies actions and motives of deliberate loss of iconic image, examining the factors associated with the development and process, criss-crossing the boundaries of two image dependant yet very different domains; art and visual communication.
Pyroelektrische Infrarotsensoren mit hoher Detektivität
Authors: Norkus Volkmar , Schossig Marco , Gerlach Gerald , Köhler Reinhard , Hofmann Günter 
Published: March 2014

Zusammenfassung
Pyroelektrische Infrarotsensoren gehören zur
Gruppe der thermischen Strahlungssensoren. Sie werden in sehr großen
Stückzahlen in passiven Infrarot-Bewegungsmeldern,
Gasanalysegeräten und Geräten zur berührungslosen
Temperaturmessung eingesetzt. Der Artikel beschreibt Möglichkeiten der
Detektivitätssteigerung und der Anpassung an Sensoranwendungen und gibt
damit einen Überblick zum Stand der Sensorentwicklungen am Institut
für Festkörperelektronik der TU Dresden. Die Arbeiten wurden in
enger Zusammenarbeit mit der DIAS Infrared GmbH durchgeführt.
Molecular Basis of a Dominant T Cell Response to an HIV Reverse Transcriptase 8-mer Epitope Presented by the Protective Allele HLA-B*51:01
Authors: Motozono Chihiro , Kuse Nozomi , Sun Xiaoming , Rizkallah Pierre J. , Fuller Anna , Oka Shinichi , Cole David K. , Sewell Andrew K. , Takiguchi Masafumi 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
CD8+ CTL responses directed toward the HLA-B*51:01–restricted HIV-RT128–135 epitope TAFTIPSI (TI8) are associated with long-term nonprogression to AIDS. Clonotypic analysis of responses to B51-TI8 revealed a public clonotype using TRAV17/TRBV7-3 TCR genes in six out of seven HLA-B*51:01+ patients. Structural analysis of a TRAV17/TRBV7-3 TCR in complex with HLA–B51-TI8, to our knowledge the first human TCR complexed with an 8-mer peptide, explained this bias, as the unique combination of residues encoded by these genes was central to the interaction. The relatively featureless peptide-MHC (pMHC) was mainly recognized by the TCR CDR1 and CDR2 loops in an MHC-centric manner. A highly conserved residue Arg97 in the CDR3α loop played a major role in recognition of peptide and MHC to form a stabilizing ball-and-socket interaction with the MHC and peptide, contributing to the selection of the public TCR clonotype. Surface plasmon resonance equilibrium binding analysis showed the low affinity of this public TCR is in accordance with the only other 8-mer interaction studied to date (murine 2C TCR–H-2Kb-dEV8). Like pMHC class II complexes, 8-mer peptides do not protrude out the MHC class I binding groove like those of longer peptides. The accumulated evidence suggests that weak affinity might be a common characteristic of TCR binding to featureless pMHC landscapes.
Genomic Sequence Analysis of the MHC Class I G/F Segment in Common Marmoset (Callithrix jacchus)
Authors: Kono Azumi , Brameier Markus , Roos Christian , Suzuki Shingo , Shigenari Atsuko , Kametani Yoshie , Kitaura Kazutaka , Matsutani Takaji , Suzuki Ryuji , Inoko Hidetoshi , Walter Lutz , Shiina Takashi 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) is a New World monkey that is used frequently as a model for various human diseases. However, detailed knowledge about the MHC is still lacking. In this study, we sequenced and annotated a total of 854 kb of the common marmoset MHC region that corresponds to the HLA-A/G/F segment (Caja-G/F) between the Caja-G1 and RNF39 genes. The sequenced region contains 19 MHC class I genes, of which 14 are of the MHC-G (Caja-G) type, and 5 are of the MHC-F (Caja-F) type. Six putatively functional Caja-G and Caja-F genes (Caja-G1, Caja-G3, Caja-G7, Caja-G12, Caja-G13, and Caja-F4), 13 pseudogenes related either to Caja-G or Caja-F, three non-MHC genes (ZNRD1, PPPIR11, and RNF39), two miscRNA genes (ZNRD1-AS1 and HCG8), and one non-MHC pseudogene (ETF1P1) were identified. Phylogenetic analysis suggests segmental duplications of units consisting of basically five (four Caja-G and one Caja-F) MHC class I genes, with subsequent expansion/deletion of genes. A similar genomic organization of the Caja-G/F segment has not been observed in catarrhine primates, indicating that this genomic segment was formed in New World monkeys after the split of New World and Old World monkeys.
Cutting Edge: Resident Memory CD8 T Cells Occupy Frontline Niches in Secondary Lymphoid Organs
Authors: Schenkel Jason M. , Fraser Kathryn A. , Masopust David 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Resident memory CD8 T cells (TRM) are a nonrecirculating subset positioned in nonlymphoid tissues to provide early responses to reinfection. Although TRM are associated with nonlymphoid tissues, we asked whether they populated secondary lymphoid organs (SLO). We show that a subset of virus-specific memory CD8 T cells in SLO exhibit phenotypic signatures associated with TRM, including CD69 expression. Parabiosis revealed that SLO CD69+ memory CD8 T cells do not circulate, defining them as TRM. SLO TRM were overrepresented in IL-15–deficient mice, suggesting independent regulation compared with central memory CD8 T cells and effector memory CD8 T cells. These cells were positioned at SLO entry points for peripheral Ags: the splenic marginal zone, red pulp, and lymph node sinuses. Consistent with a potential role in guarding SLO pathogen entry points, SLO TRM did not vacate their position in response to peripheral alarm signals. These data extend the range of tissue resident memory to SLO.
Concise Review: Next-Generation Cell Therapies to Prevent Infections in Neutropenic Patients
Authors: Brunck Marion E. G. , Nielsen Lars K. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractHigh-dose chemotherapy is accompanied by an obligate period of neutropenia. Resulting bacterial and fungal infections are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in neutropenic patients despite prophylactic antimicrobials and hematopoietic growth factor supplements. Replacing neutrophils in the patient through transfusion of donor cells is a logical solution to prevent fulminant infections. In the past, this strategy has been hampered by poor yield, inability to store collected cells, and possible donor morbidity caused by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor injections and apheresis. Today, neutrophil-like cells can be manufactured in the laboratory at the clinical scale from hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells enriched from umbilical cord blood. This article reviews the rationale for focusing research efforts toward ex vivo neutrophil production and explores clinical settings for future trials.
Enhancing Immediate Retention with Clickers Through Individual Response Identification
Authors: Oswald Karl M. , Blake Adam B. , Santiago Dario T. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryClassroom audience response systems, in which students respond to class questions via a remote ‘clicker’ unit, are widely used as a method for increasing student participation and providing immediate feedback in the form of a group frequency distribution. The phenomenon of social facilitation shows that task performance can be enhanced with co‐action of others or with the presence of an audience. To enhance the audience effect, we employed a unique feedback system that displays each individual's response. After reading a text passage, participants responded via a remote clicker to a series of comprehension questions. Participants were provided with no feedback regarding other respondents' answers, group feedback, or individual feedback. The results demonstrated significantly higher test performance with individual response identification. Implications are discussed in terms of applied classroom settings and social facilitation with enhanced options for displaying different types of feedback with clickers during instruction. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Long‐Wavelength Fluorescent Reporters for Monitoring Protein Kinase Activity
Authors: Oien Nathan P. , Nguyen Luong T. , Jernigan Finith E. , Priestman Melanie A. , Lawrence David S. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIn vivo optical imaging must contend with the limitations imposed by the optical window of tissue (600–1000 nm). Although a wide array of fluorophores are available that are visualized in the red and near‐IR region of the spectrum, with the exception of proteases, there are few long wavelength probes for enzymes. This situation poses a particular challenge for studying the intracellular biochemistry of erythrocytes, the high hemoglobin content of which optically obscures subcellular monitoring at wavelengths less than 600 nm. To address this, tunable fluorescent reporters for protein kinase activity were developed. The probing wavelength is preprogrammed by using readily available fluorophores, thereby enabling detection within the optical window of tissue, specifically in the far‐red and near‐IR region. These agents were used to monitor endogenous cAMP‐dependent protein kinase activity in erythrocyte lysates and in intact erythrocytes when using a light‐activatable reporter.
Compensatory Adaptations of Structural Dynamics in an Intrinsically Disordered Protein Complex
Authors: Kurzbach Dennis , Schwarz Thomas C. , Platzer Gerald , Höfler Simone , Hinderberger Dariush , Konrat Robert 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIntrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) play crucial roles in protein interaction networks and in this context frequently constitute important hubs and interfaces. Here we show by a combination of NMR and EPR spectroscopy that the binding of the cytokine osteopontin (OPN) to its natural ligand, heparin, is accompanied by thermodynamically compensating structural adaptations. The core segment of OPN expands upon binding. This “unfolding‐upon‐binding” is governed primarily through electrostatic interactions between heparin and charged patches along the protein backbone and compensates for entropic penalties due to heparin–OPN binding. It is shown how structural unfolding compensates for entropic losses through ligand binding in IDPs and elucidates the interplay between structure and thermodynamics of rapid substrate‐binding and ‐release events in IDP interaction networks.