bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Well‐defined thermoresponsive dendritic polyamide/poly(N‐vinylcaprolactam) block copolymers
Authors: Bi Yunmei , Yan Caixian , Shao Lidong , Wang Yufei , Ma Yongcui , Tang Gang 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTThe first‐ and second‐generation well‐defined thermoresponsive amphiphilic linear–dendritic diblock copolymers based on hydrophilic linear poly(N‐vinylcaprolactam) and hydrophobic dendritic aromatic polyamide have been synthesized via reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization of N‐vinylcaprolactam by employing dendritic chain‐transfer agents possessing a single dithiocarbamate moiety at the focal point. These linear–dendritic copolymers exhibit reversible temperature‐dependent phase transition behaviors in aqueous solution as characterized by turbidity measurements using UV–vis spectroscopy. Their lower critical solution temperatures depend on the generation of the dendritic aromatic polyamides and the concentrations of the copolymer solutions. These amphiphilic copolymers are able to form nanospherical micelles in the aqueous solution as revealed by fluorescent spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The core–shell structure of micelles has been proved by 1H NMR analyses of the micelles in D2O. The micelles loaded with indomethacin as a model drug showed high‐drug loading capacity and thermoresponsive drug release behavior. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 3240–3250
Single‐electron transfer‐living radical polymerization of oligo(ethylene oxide) methyl ether methacrylate in the absence and presence of air
Authors: Nguyen Nga H. , Leng Xuefei , Sun Hao‐Jan , Percec Virgil 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTThe efficient Cu(0) wire‐catalyzed single‐electron transfer‐living radical polymerization (SET‐LRP) of oligo(ethylene oxide) methyl ether methacrylate (OEOMA) in DMSO and binary mixtures of DMSO with H2O is reported. Addition of 10–80% H2O to DMSO resulted in an increase in the apparent rate constant of propagation (

), corresponding to an increase in the polarity and extent of disproportionation. At higher H2O content,

decreases, and

in H2O is slightly lower than that in DMSO. This unexpected behavior was attributed to the physical inaccessibility of Cu(0) wire catalyst to the hydrophobic reactive centers of OEOMA and initiator which self‐assemble in H2O into micellar aggregates and vesicles. This hypothesis was confirmed by the faster polymerization in H2O than in DMSO during catalysis with Cu(0) nanoparticles generated by disproportionation of CuBr. SET‐LRP of OEOMA can be performed in protic and dipolar aprotic solvents in air by the addition of hydrazine hydrate. The polymerization exhibited no induction period and identical

as in the degassed experiment, and led to polymers with narrow molecular weigh distribution. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 3110–3122
Robust fault reconstruction for linear parameter varying systems using sliding mode observers
Authors: Alwi Halim , Edwards Christopher 
Published: May 2013

SUMMARYThis paper presents a robust fault detection and isolation scheme using a sliding mode observer based on a linear parameter varying system, with fault reconstruction capability. Both actuator and sensor fault reconstruction schemes are considered that possess robustness against a certain class of uncertainty and corrupted measurements. For actuator fault reconstruction, the input distribution matrix (associated with the actuators being monitored) is factorized into fixed and varying components. LMIs are used to design the key observer parameters in order to minimize the effect of uncertainty and measurement corruption on the fault reconstruction signal. The faults are reconstructed using the output error injection signal associated with the nonlinear term of the sliding mode observer. For sensor fault reconstruction, the idea is to reformulate the problem into an actuator fault reconstruction scenario so that the same design procedure can be applied. This is achieved by augmenting the original system with the filtered sensors being monitored. Simulations using a full nonlinear model of a large transport aircraft are presented and show good fault reconstruction performance. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Netzwerkbogenbrücken der ÖBB über den Zentralverschiebebahnhof Wien‐Kledering, Österreich
Authors: Heinlein Manfred , Einhäuser Oliver 
Published: May 2013

AbstractUm den Flughafen Wien Schwechat an den Hauptbahnhof Wien anzubinden, ist es erforderlich, in Wien‐Kledering eine Brückenkette über den Zentralverschiebebahnhof zu errichten. Herzstück dieser Brückenkette sind zwei Netzwerkbogenbrücken aus Stahl mit Stützweiten von 112,50 m und 88,50 m.Dieser Artikel befasst sich mit statisch‐konstruktiven Aspekten der beiden Netzwerkbogenbrücken, vor allem mit der Formfindung des Bogens und mit den Hängern. Die gewählte Bauweise stellt in Kombination mit dem hohen Nutzlastanteil durch die Eisenbahn eine sehr wirtschaftliche Lösung dar.Network arch bridges for the ÖBB over the central marshalling yard at Vienna‐Kledering, Austria – Structural and constructional design of the bridges. To connect Vienna International Airport at Schwechat with the new Main Railway Station a chain of bridges must be erected over the central marshalling yard. The centrepiece of this chain of bridges is formed by two network arch bridges with spans of 112.50 m and 88.50 m.This article examines the structural and constructional aspects of the two steel network arch bridges, in particular the form of the arch and the hangers. In combination with high proportion of live load made up by the railway the method of construction chosen represents a highly economical solution.
Zwei Netzwerkbogenbrücken: Verbindung zwischen Ostbahn und Flughafenschnellbahn in Wien, Österreich
Authors: Stelzer Barbara , Dorrer, Günther 
Published: May 2013

AbstractMit der Errichtung der Verbindungsschleife zwischen der Ostbahn und der Flughafenschnellbahn schaffen die Österreichischen Bundesbahnen (ÖBB) die Anbindung des Flughafens Wien‐Schwechat an die höherrangige Bahninfrastruktur und den neuen Hauptbahnhof Wien. Die Strecke ist als zweigleisige Bahnstrecke mit einer Entwurfsgeschwindigkeit von 100 km/h geplant, deren Herzstück zwei Netzwerkbogenbrücken mit einer Spannweite von 112,50 m und 88,50 m bilden. Es sind die ersten Netzwerkbogenbrücken im Schienennetz der ÖBB. Durch die gewählte Architektur und aufgrund der darunter verlaufenden Gleise erforderlichen Konstruktionshöhe wird nach Fertigstellung der Verbindungsschleife bereits von weitem ein Stück Stahlbaugeschichte ins Blickfeld gerückt.Two network arch bridges: Connection between the existing railway lines Ostbahn and Flughafenschnellbahn in Vienna, Austria – Characteristics from the point of view of a steel constructors. The Austrian Federal Railways ÖBB is constructing a new connection between the existing railway lines Ostbahn and Flughafenschnellbahn. The new line allows the direct access from the Vienna International Airport to the new Main Railwaystation Vienna. The line is designed as a double‐tracked railway for a velocity of 100 km/h. The heart of the new connection is formed by two network arch bridges with spans of 112.50 m and 88.50 m. The two bridges will be the first network arch bridges within the route network of the ÖBB. Due to the architectural design and the height of the arches above the ground level a new landmark in steelwork histroy will be created.
Preservation of the Celiac Branch of the Vagus Nerve during Laparoscopy‐assisted Distal Gastrectomy: Impact on Postprandial Changes in Ghrelin Secretion
Authors: Takiguchi Shuji , Hiura Yuichiro , Takahashi Tsuyoshi , Kurokawa Yukinori , Yamasaki Makoto , Nakajima Kiyokazu , Miyata Hiroshi , Mori Masaki , Doki Yuichiro 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundGhrelin is a brain‐gut peptide with GH‐releasing and appetite‐inducing properties. Because ghrelin is secreted mainly by the stomach, fasting levels fall after distal gastrectomy. The vagal nerve is responsible for periprandial changes. The presents study investigated the impact of preserving the celiac branch of the vagus nerve during laparoscopy‐assisted distal gastrectomy on postoperative ghrelin secretion.MethodBetween May 2009 and July 2010, 42 consecutive patients who underwent LADG were divided into two groups, the first in which the celiac branch of the vagus was preserved (“Preserved,” n = 21) and the second in which it was not (“Not Preserved,” n = 21). Blood samples were collected for assays of several hormones, including ghrelin, leptin, and insulin; these were taken before and 2 h after breakfast on postoperative day 7.ResultsThere were no significant differences in the background characteristics of the two groups. Plasma fasting ghrelin decreased significantly after LADG, by about 50 % of the baseline values in both groups. Postprandial plasma ghrelin levels in the Preserved group were significantly lower than those in the Not Preserved group (23 ± 8 vs 32 ± 9 fmol/ml; p = 0.0058). The ratio of the total ghrelin concentration after breakfast to that before was defined as the A/B ratio. The mean preoperative and postoperative A/B ratios were almost the same in the Preserved group (preoperative vs postoperative: 0.41 vs 0.44; p = 0.52). On the other hand, the mean A/B ratio in the Not Preserved group increased from 0.41 to 0.61 postoperatively (preoperative vs postoperative; p = 0.0003). Preservation of the celiac branch of the vagus nerve during LADG was related to the prandial ghrelin changes.
,,Bewegte Schule‘‘ – Beitrag zur Gesundheitsförderung
Authors: Scholz Uwe , Ungerer-Röhrich Ulrike 
Published: May 2013

Einleitung
Bewegte Schule hat die Aufgabe, ganzheitliches Lernen zu fördern, zu einem gesunden und bewegten Lebensstil beizutragen und das Schulleben bewegt zu gestalten. und gestalten. Das gelingt nur, wenn auch die Entwicklung der Schule mitgedacht wird. Es geht inhaltlich darum, durch den verstärkten Einbezug von Bewegung und Spiel den Schulalltag gesundheits- und lernfördernd zu rhythmisieren. Dies ist mit Blick auf die zunehmende Verweildauer der Schüler im Ganztagsschulbetrieb von hoher Bedeutung (Abeling und Städtler, 2008).
Estimation of tail‐related risk measures in the Indian stock market: An extreme value approach
Authors: Karmakar Madhusudan 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe purpose of the study is to estimate tail‐related risk measures using extreme value theory (EVT) in the Indian stock market. The study employs a two stage approach of conditional EVT originally proposed by McNeil and Frey (2000) to estimate dynamic Value at Risk (VaR) and expected shortfall (ES). The dynamic risk measures have been estimated for different percentiles for negative and positive returns. The estimates of risk measures computed under different quantile levels exhibit strong stability across a range of the selected thresholds, implying the accuracy and reliability of the estimated quantile based risk measures.
Resilience of Vietnamese Refugees: Resources to Cope with Natural Disasters in Their Resettled Country
Authors: Xin Huaibo , Aronson Robert E. , Lovelace Kay A. , Strack Robert W. , Villalba José A. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractObjectiveStudy findings suggest that refugees are more vulnerable than the general population to mental disorders from disasters. This pilot study explored the nature of Vietnamese refugees’ resilience to a potential natural disaster as a first step toward improving their disaster mental health.MethodsInterviews were conducted with 20 ethnic Vietnamese and Montagnard adult refugees using a semistructured interview guide. Factors in resilience at both individual and family levels were examined.ResultsOur results indicated that these refugees had positive personalities and strong family cohesion. However, although a majority of the participants had experienced natural disasters, they lacked knowledge and specific strategies to cope with these events. The individual participants and their families lacked sufficient information, financial resources, emergency supplies, or social support for a natural disaster.ConclusionsEnhancing refugees’ current strengths in responding to disasters, delivering them tailored emergency training, strengthening relationships between refugee service providers and refugee communities, and advocating for refugees’ socioeconomic capacity building should be considered. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2013;0:1–8)
A CITIZENSHIP OF DISTINCTION IN THE OPEN RADIO DEBATES OF KAMPALA
Authors: Brisset-Foucault Florence 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTThis article investigates practices of speech and sociability in open radio debates in Kampala to decipher imaginaries of citizenship in contemporary Uganda. In theseebimeeza(‘round tables’ in Luganda, also called ‘people's parliaments’) orators are engaged in practices of social distinction when compared to those they call the ‘common men’. These spaces of discussion reflect the importance of education in local representations of legitimacy and morality, whether in Buganda ‘neotraditional’ mobilizations or Museveni's modernist vision of politics. Theebimeezaand the government ban imposed on them in 2009 reveal the entrenchment of the vision of a ‘bifurcated’ public sphere, the separation of a sphere of ‘development’ and a sphere of ‘politics’, the latter being only accessible to educated ‘enlightened’ individuals – despite the revolutionary discourse and the institutionalization of the Movementist ‘grassroots democracy’ model in 1986.
Dating the Cambrian Purley Shale Formation, Midland Microcraton, England
Authors: WILLIAMS MARK , RUSHTON ADRIAN W. A. , COOK ALAN F. , ZALASIEWICZ JAN , MARTIN ADAM P. , CONDON DANIEL J. , WINROW PAUL 
Published: May 2013

AbstractZircons from a bentonite near the base of the Purley Shale Formation in the Nuneaton area, Warwickshire, yield a 206Pb/238U age of 517.22 ± 0.31 Ma. Based on the fauna of small shelly fossils and the brachiopod Micromitra phillipsii in the underlying Home Farm Member of the Hartshill Sandstone Formation, trilobite fragments that are questionably referred to Callavia from the basal Purley Shale Formation, and the presence of trilobites diagnostic of the sabulosa Biozone 66 m above the base of the Purley Shale Formation, the bentonite likely dates an horizon within Cambrian Stage 3, at about the level of the Fallotaspis or basal Callavia Biozone. This is consistent with bentonite ages from other localities in southern Britain, which constrain the age of the lower and uppermost parts of Cambrian Stage 3. The new date provides additional chronological control on the earliest occurrence of trilobites in the Midland Microcraton, a date for the marine transgression at the base of the Purley Shale Formation, and is the first radiometric age from the Cambrian succession of Warwickshire.
THE IMPACT OF STURGES BOURNE'S POOR LAW REFORMS IN RURAL ENGLAND
Authors: SHAVE SAMANTHA A. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTEngland was blighted by frequent agricultural depressions in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Recurrent crises brought poor law reform to the parliamentary agenda and led to the passage of two non-compulsory pieces of legislation, Sturges Bourne's Acts of 1818 and 1819. These permissory acts allowed parishes to ‘tighten up’ the distribution of poor relief through two vital tools: the formation of select vestries, and the appointment of waged assistant overseers. Whilst previous studies have tended to represent the legislation as a failing reform in the dying days of the old poor law, we know remarkably little about the relief practices deployed by parishes operating under the auspices of Sturges Bourne's Acts. This article starts by detailing the genesis of the reforms before considering the provisions of the acts and their rates of adoption in rural England. Focusing upon administrative records from Wessex and West Sussex, the article proceeds to examine the inspection of relief claimants, and judgments made as to their ‘character and conduct’; the general measures taken to reduce outdoor relief; and their alternative strategies for allocating relief. It is argued that the reforms re-drew the distinction between ‘deserving’ and ‘undeserving’ poor, ultimately changing individuals' and families' entitlement to relief under the old poor laws.
Low MHD activity using resonant helical field and limiter biasing in IR-T1 tokamak
Authors: LAFOUTI M. , GHORANNEVISS M. , MESHKANI S. , SALAR ELAHI A. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIn this paper, the effect of resonant helical magnetic field (RHF) and cold biased local limiter on plasma current, loop voltage, confinement time energy, poloidal beta, line emission intensity Hα, and magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) behavior based on Mirnov oscillations in the IR-T1 tokamak has been investigated. The experiments have been done in different regimes as cold biased local limiter, magnetic perturbation application, and both of these. At first the effect of the positive and negative bias voltage on plasma parameters and magnetic fluctuations detected by Mirnov coils has been investigated. Also, the effects of RHF on plasma parameters have been investigated in the edge region. Then the effects of applied biasing and RHF at the same time are analyzed. The bias voltage has been restricted to (−320 ≤ Vbias ≤ +320) and it has been applied with the limiter biasing that is fixed at r = 11.25 cm. These parameters have been measured using a diamagnetic loop, spectrometer, which is a visible light spectrometer for H-alpha, and Mirnov coils. The time-resolved frequency component analysis has been performed using short-time Fourier transforms. Fourier-based techniques and auto-correlation have been employed to analyze the frequency of MHD fluctuations. The results show that applied radial electric field at the plasma edge could control electromagnetic instabilities in the tokamak. In the positive biased regime, the amplitude of low-frequency Mirnov oscillations (<30 kHz) decreases after the application of biasing. Confinement time increases and line emission intensity decreases in all situations. The results are reversed when negative biasing has been applied. When RHF and biasing are applied to the plasma at the same time, the plasma parameters do not change any more compared to corresponding discharges with only RHF (L = 3). In other words, the amplitude of MHD activity can be totally controlled when a convenient biasing is applied to the limiter in the phases of current flat-top.
Cooperative games and multiagent systems
Authors: Airiau Stéphane 
Published: May 2013

AbstractForming coalitions is a generic means for cooperation: people, robots, web services, resources, firms; they can all improve their performance by joining forces. The use of coalitions has been successful in domains such as task allocations, sensor networks, and electronic marketplaces. Forming efficient coalitions requires the identification of matching synergies between different entities (finding complementary partners, or similar partners, or partners who add diversity). In addition, the different parties must negotiate a fair repartition of the worth created by the coalition. The first part of this paper is a tutorial on cooperative game theory (also called coalitional games). We then survey the different scenarios and the key issues addressed by the multiagent systems community.
Collaborative ontology engineering: a survey
Authors: Simperl Elena , Luczak-Rösch Markus 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBuilding ontologies in a collaborative and increasingly community-driven fashion has become a central paradigm of modern ontology engineering. This understanding of ontologies and ontology engineering processes is the result of intensive theoretical and empirical research within the Semantic Web community, supported by technology developments such as Web 2.0. Over 6 years after the publication of the first methodology for collaborative ontology engineering, it is generally acknowledged that, in order to be useful, but also economically feasible, ontologies should be developed and maintained in a community-driven manner, with the help of fully-fledged environments providing dedicated support for collaboration and user participation. Wikis, and similar communication and collaboration platforms enabling ontology stakeholders to exchange ideas and discuss modeling decisions are probably the most important technological components of such environments. In addition, process-driven methodologies assist the ontology engineering team throughout the ontology life cycle, and provide empirically grounded best practices and guidelines for optimizing ontology development results in real-world projects. The goal of this article is to analyze the state of the art in the field of collaborative ontology engineering. We will survey several of the most outstanding methodologies, methods and techniques that have emerged in the last years, and present the most popular development environments, which can be utilized to carry out, or facilitate specific activities within the methodologies. A discussion of the open issues identified concludes the survey and provides a roadmap for future research and development in this lively and promising field.
Laws of War, Morality, and International Politics: Compliance, Stringency, and Limits
Authors: SHUE HENRY 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA person with moral commitments can respect International Humanitarian Law (IHL) only if the permissions granted by it do not depart radically from their basic morality, but the features of contemporary war require considerable departures from morality in the content of any rules applicable to war. The features of the contemporary international political arena, in turn, and especially the dominant interpretation of sovereignty, require that IHL be the same for all parties. But, contrary to the arguments of some influential analytic philosophers, such ‘symmetry’ in the laws need not involve their content's departing excessively from basic morality. Insisting on the same rules for all, however, leads to the problem that, other things equal, the more stringent the content of a set of rules, the greater the temptation on the part of self-interested parties to flout the rules. However, a hard-headed view of IHL requires no concessions to terrorists or anti-terrorists.
The Contemporary Legal Nature of UN Security Council Ceasefire Resolutions
Authors: HENDERSON CHRISTIAN , LUBELL NOAM 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis article sets out to examine the legal nature of ceasefire resolutions issued by the United Nations Security Council. While it has become common practice for the Council to issue calls or demands for ceasefires, their legal nature – and in particular whether they are legally binding – remains unclear. Furthermore, given the ubiquity of non-international armed conflict, there is an additional challenge with regard to the legal effect of such resolutions upon non-state armed groups. The article provides an analysis of these issues and concludes with a potential way forward.