bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of polyaniline‐graphene nanosheets modified cathode on the performance of sediment microbial fuel cell
Authors: Ren Yueping , Pan Danyun , Li Xiufen , Fu Fei , Zhao Yanan , Wang Xinhua 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe limitation on output power is a great challenge for the practical application of sediment microbial fuel cells (SMFC). One of the effective strategies to overcome this problem is to develop better‐performing cathodes.RESULTSPolyaniline (PANI)‐graphene nanosheets (GNS) modified cathodes were fabricated and applied as the cathodes of SMFCs to improve their electricity generation capacity. PANI‐GNS cathodes were fabricated through situ‐polymerization of aniline in a solution containing homogeneously dispersed GNS. The mass ratio between aniline and GNS in the polymerized solution was the key factor controlling the properties of the modified cathode and the optimum ratio was 9:1. Because of the outstanding electrical conductivity of GNS, PANI‐GNS cathodes outperform the control (blank) and PANI cathodes. The PANI‐GNS0.1‐SMFC exhibited the highest output voltage of 640 mV, 5 times that of the blank SMFC; the maximum power density was improved from 0.85 mW m‐2 with the blank SMFC to 99 mW m‐2 of the optimal PANI‐GNS0.1‐SMFC.CONCLUSIONSThis study provides a simple electrode modifying method to enable an as‐synthesized PANI‐GNS cathode to dramatically promote the performance of an SMFC. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of organic solvents and ionic liquids on resolution of 2‐epoxyhexane by whole cells of Rhodotorula glutinis in a two‐liquid phase system
Authors: Matsumoto Michiaki , Sugimoto Takashi , Ishiguro Yudai , Yamaguchi Hiroyuki , Kondo Kazuo 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDEnantiopure epoxides and diols have attracted much attention as important building blocks for the production of flavorings, agrochemicals and pharmaceutical products. Enantioselective hydrolysis reaction of rac‐epoxide in a biphasic system using whole cell catalysts is one of the promising methods to obtain enantiopure compounds.RESULTSThe kinetic resolution of racemic 1,2‐epoxyhexane was carried out using whole cell biocatalyst in a hydrophobic solvent/buffer biphasic system and the effect of organic solvents and ionic liquids on the initial reaction rate of (R)‐enantiomer, rR0 and enantiomeric ratio, E was examined. In the case of using hydrophobic hydrocarbons, rR0 increased with the hydrophobicity of hydrocarbon (log PO/W), and a linear correlation was observed between rR0 and log PO/W. On the other hand, there were no correlations between rR0 and log PO/W of ionic liquids. Moreover, effects on E were small in both solvents. However, the addition of 1‐heptanol to dodecane was very effective at increasing E value. The kinetic data correlated well with the reaction kinetic model, considering the distribution between two liquid phases and competitive product inhibition.CONCLUSIONThe high enantiomeric ratio of (R)‐diol (E>100) without significant decrease in the reactivity was accomplished by adding 1‐heptanol in minute amounts to dodecane. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Surface change of root canal dentin after the use of irrigation activation protocols: Electron microscopy and an energy‐dispersive X‐ray microanalysis
Authors: Capar Ismail Davut , Aydinbelge Hale Ari 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThis study evaluated the mineral contents of root‐canal dentin after treatment with different irrigation activation protocols. One hundred and eight maxillary lateral incisor teeth were randomly divided into eight experimental groups and one control group. Root canals were prepared using ProTaper rotary files, with the exception of the Self‐Adjusting File (SAF) group. Canals were irrigated with 2 mL of 5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) at each instrument change, and received a final flush with 10 mL of 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and 10 mL of 5% NaOCl for 1 min. The control group was irrigated with distilled water. Group I (GI): Needle syringe irrigation; Group II (GII): NaviTip FX; Group III (GIII): CanalBrush; Group IV (GIV): Manual dynamic activation with gutta‐percha; Group V (GV): Passive ultrasonic irrigation; Group VI (GVI): EndoActivator; Group VII (GVII): EndoVac; Group VIII (GVIII): SAF. The level of elemental composition was analyzed by a scanning electron microscopy and an energy‐dispersive spectrometer (EDS) system. The results were then statistically analyzed by one‐way ANOVA and Tukey tests. Ca/P ratio was changed after treatment with SAF and EndoActivator. The Ca, P, Mg, and S level changes were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Final irrigation activation protocols did not alter the mineral level of root dentin surface. Microsc. Res. Tech. 76:893–896, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evolutionary morphology of the hemolymph vascular system in hermit and king crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomala)
Authors: Keiler Jonas , Richter Stefan , Wirkner Christian S. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractCover illustration. The morphological transformation of hermit crabs into king crabs represents one of the evolutionary most fascinating scenarios in decapod evolution. It is certainly the most remarkable case of carcinization, or evolutionary shaping into a crab‐like form. In this issue of the Journal of Morphology Keiler and coauthors (pp. 759–778) investigate the hemolymph vascular system and adjacent anatomical structures of several recent hermit crab (Paguridae) and king crab (Lithodidae) species. The cover image shows a dorsal view of a corrosion cast of the circulatory system in Paralomis granulosa catched in the Pacific off the coast of Chile (Photograph by Jonas Keiler).
Multicenter evaluation of the elecsys® anti‐HCV II assay for the diagnosis of hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: Esteban Juan I. , van Helden Josef , Alborino Flora , Bürgisser Philippe , Cellerai Cristina , Pantaleo Giuseppe , Eiras Adolfo , Rodriguez Maria I. , Ghisetti Valeria , Gleich Michael , Imdahl Roland , Kaiser Claudia , Möller Petra , Wetlitzky Olaf , Segovia Manuel , Schennach Harald , Mühlbacher Annelies 
Published: June 2013

AbstractRoutine screening of patients at risk of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has become a priority given recent improvements in therapeutic options and the asymptomatic nature of most chronic infections. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of the Elecsys® Anti‐HCV II assay, a new qualitative antibody immunoassay, compared with currently available assays, and assess its suitability for routine diagnostic testing. The sensitivity of the Elecsys® Anti‐HCV II, ARCHITECT® Anti‐HCV, AxSYM® HCV 3.0, PRISM® HCV, Vitros® ECi Anti‐HCV, Elecsys® Anti‐HCV, and ADVIA Centaur® HCV assays was compared using commercially available seroconversion panels and samples from patients known to be HCV positive and infected with HCV genotypes 1–6. Specificity was investigated using samples from blood donors, unselected hospitalized patients, and patients with potential cross‐reacting factors or from high‐risk groups. The Elecsys® Anti‐HCV II assay detected more positive bleeds than the comparator assays, was more sensitive in recognizing early HCV infection, and correctly identified all 765 samples known to be HCV positive, regardless of genotype. The overall specificity of the Elecsys® Anti‐HCV II assay was 99.84% (n = 6,850) using blood donor samples, 99.66% (n = 3,922) using samples from unselected hospitalized patients, and 99.66% (n = 2,397) using samples from patients with potentially cross‐reacting factors or from high‐risk groups. The specificity of the Elecsys® Anti‐HCV II assay was superior or equal to the comparator assays. In conclusion, the Elecsys® Anti‐HCV II assay is a sensitive and specific assay suitable for routine use in the reliable detection of anti‐HCV antibodies. J. Med. Virol. 85:1362–1368, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Varicella zoster virus quantitation in blood from symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals
Authors: Toi Cheryl S. , Lay Meav‐Lang J. , Lucas Robyn , Chew Choo Beng , Taylor Janette , Ponsonby Anne‐Louise , Dwyer Dominic E. ,   The Ausimmune Investigator Group (AIG)
Published: June 2013

AbstractPrimary infection with varicella zoster virus (VZV) occurs in immunocompromised and immunocompetent individuals. Clinical and asymptomatic reactivation with shedding of infectious virus and viremia may occur. The prevalence of VZV viremia is unknown. The aim of this study was to detect VZV viremia and quantify VZV DNA using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in blood from different populations. A qPCR‐based method using EvaGreen® was used to quantify VZV DNA in 491 samples, including whole blood, plasma and buffy‐coat, from patients hospitalized with varicella‐associated disease (Group 1, n = 10) and three groups with no VZV disease: individuals with a first clinical diagnosis of central nervous system demyelination (Group 2, n = 213) with their age and sex‐matched controls (Group 3, n = 218); and HIV‐infected individuals (Group 4, n = 50). VZV‐specific IgG antibody titres were measured in Group 3. The proportion positive for viremia and mean detectable VZV DNA load (copies/ml) were: Group 1: 100% (10/10) and 4.6 × 106 ± 1.4 × 107; Group 2: 4% (9/213) and 1.5 × 103 ± 1.8 × 104; Group 3: 8% (17/218) and 1.1 × 103 ± 7.8 × 103; Group 4: 12% (6/50) and 7.7 × 101 ± 2.8 × 102. VZV DNA load and IgG titres were not significantly correlated (Group 3 only). VZV load in Group 1 was significantly elevated compared to Groups 2–4 (P < 0.001); the latter were not significantly different from each other (P = 0.05). VZV genotypes from clades 1–5 were identified in Group 1. VZV DNA was detected but at low frequency and viral load in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals asymptomatic for VZV infection, compared to individuals with active VZV infection. J. Med. Virol. 85:1491–1497, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Predicting the presence of hepatitis B virus surface antigen in Chinese patients by pathology data mining
Authors: Shang Guifang , Richardson Alice , Gahan Michelle E. , Easteal Simon , Ohms Stephen , Lidbury Brett A. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractHepatitis B virus (HBV) is a pathogen of worldwide health significance, associated with liver disease. A vaccine is available, yet HBV prevalence remains a concern, particularly in developing countries. Pathology laboratories have a primary role in the diagnosis and monitoring of HBV infection, through hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) immunoassay and associated tests. Analysis of HBsAg immunoassay and associated pathology data from 821 Chinese patients applied 10‐fold cross‐validation to establish classification decision trees (CDTs), with CDT results used subsequently to develop a logistic regression model. The robustness of logistic regression model was confirmed by the Hosmer–Lemeshow test, Pseudo‐R2 and an area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) result that showed the logistic regression model was capable of accurately discriminating the HBsAg positive from HBsAg negative patients at 95% accuracy. Overall CDT sensitivity and specificity was 94.7% (±5.0%) and 89.5% (±5.7%), respectively, close to the sensitivity and specificity of the immunoassay, providing an alternative to predict HBsAg status. Both the CDT and logistic regression modeling demonstrated the importance of the routine pathology variables alanine aminotransferase (ALT), serum albumin (ALB), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) to accurately predict HBsAg status in a Chinese patient cohort. The study demonstrates that CDTs and a linked logistic regression model applied to routine pathology data were an effective supplement to HBsAg immunoassay, and a possible replacement method where immunoassays are not requested or not easily available for the laboratory diagnosis of HBV infection. J. Med. Virol. 85:1334–1339, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A climatology of aerosol optical depth over China from recent 10 years of MODIS remote sensing data
Authors: Luo Yuxiang , Zheng Xiaobo , Zhao Tianliang , Chen Juan 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTUsing the recent 10‐year (March 2000 to February 2010) MODIS data of aerosol optical depth (AOD), the distributions of annual and seasonal mean AOD over China are presented, and the trends and seasonal variations in AOD over 10 regions in China are analysed. The spatial pattern of annual mean AOD is characterized generally with two low centres and two high centres over China. Two low AOD centres are located in the areas with a high vegetation cover and a sparse population in (1) the high‐latitude region in Northeast China with AOD of about 0.2 and (2) the high‐altitude region in Southwest China with AOD from 0.1 to 0.2. These two low AOD centres are connected by a low AOD zone (0.2–0.3) in a northeast–southwest direction across China. Demarcated by this low AOD zone, two high centres with AOD of about 0.8 are situated in (1) the most densely populated and industrialized regions in China with high anthropogenic aerosols from North China Plain, Yangtze River areas covering Sichuan Basin, Central China and Yangtze River Delta to South China with Pearl River Delta region and (2) Tarim Basin in Northwest China with high natural aerosols dominated with desert dust. The spatial AOD patterns over China keep seasonally unchanged, but the strengths of the AOD‐centres vary from season to season. The wintertime AOD is lowest in China. The monthly AOD variations from March to September in Southern China correspond with high AOD before, after the rain periods and low AOD during the rain periods of Asian summer monsoon. Asian summer monsoons also make a notable impact on the seasonal cycle of aerosols in China. The AOD in Northern China changes monthly with a single peak between April and June and a low in the winter months. The positive trends in AOD occur mostly in the aerosol source regions with higher annual mean AOD (>0.25), while the negative trends are found in the regions with lower annual mean AOD (<0.25) over China.
Synthesis and Characterization of Functional Thienyl‐Phosphine Microporous Polymers for Carbon Dioxide Capture
Authors: Chen Xianghui , Qiao Shanlin , Du Zhengkun , Zhou Yuanhang , Yang Renqiang 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA novel kind of functional organic microporous polymer is designed by introducing polar organic groups (P=O and P=S) and electron‐rich heterocyclic into the framework to obtain high carbon dioxide capture capacity. The estimated Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface areas of these polymers are about 600 m2 g−1 and the highest CO2 uptake is 2.26 mmol g−1 (1.0 bar/273 K). Interestingly, the polymer containing P=O groups shows greater CO2 capture capacity than that containing P=S groups at the same temperature. In addition, these polymers show high isosteric heats of CO2 adsorption (28.6 kJ mol−1), which can be competitive with some nitrogen‐rich networks. Therefore, these microporous polymers are promising candidates for carbon dioxide capture.magnified image
Hypoxia‐dependent mRNA expression pattern of splicing factor YT521 and its impact on oncological important target gene expression
Authors: Hirschfeld Marc , Zhang Bo , Jaeger Markus , Stamm Stefan , Erbes Thalia , Mayer Sebastian , Tong Xiaowen , Stickeler Elmar 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe ubiquitously expressed splicing factor YT521 (YTHDC1) is characterized by alternatively spliced isoforms with regulatory impact on cancer‐associated gene expression. Our recent findings account for the prognostic significance of YT521 in endometrial cancer. In this study, we investigated the hypoxia‐dependency of YT521 expression as well as its differential isoform activities on oncological important target genes. YT521's potential regulatory influence on splicing was investigated by a minigene assay for the specific target gene CD44. Functional splicing analysis was performed by YT521 knock‐down or overexpression, respectively. In addition, YT521 expression was determined under hypoxia. The two protein‐generating YT521 mRNA isoforms 1 and 2 caused a comparable, specific induction of CD44v alternative splicing (P < 0.01). In a number of oncological target genes, YT521 upregulation significantly altered BRCA2 expression pattern, while YT521 knock‐down created a significant regulatory impact on PGR expression, respectively. Hypoxia induced a specific switch towards the processing of two non‐protein‐coding mRNA variants, of which one is described for the first time in this study. The presented study underlines the comparable regulatory potential of both YT521 isoforms 1 and 2, on the investigated target genes in vivo and in vitro. Hypoxia induces a specific switch in YT521 expression pattern towards the two non‐protein coding mRNA variants, the already characterized isoform 3 and the newly discovered exon 8‐skipping isoform. The altered YT521 alternative splicing is functionally coupled with nonsense‐mediated decay and can be interpreted as regulated unproductive splicing and transcription with consecutive impact on the processing of specific cancer‐associated genes, such as BRCA2 and PGR. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Identification and biochemical analysis of a novel APOB mutation that causes autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Thomas Ellen R. A. , Atanur Santosh S. , Norsworthy Penny J. , Encheva Vesela , Snijders Ambrosius P. , Game Laurence , Vandrovcova Jana , Siddiq Afshan , Seed Mary , Soutar Anne K. , Aitman Timothy J. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractPatients with autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia (ADH) have a high risk of developing cardiovascular disease that can be effectively treated using statin drugs. Molecular diagnosis and family cascade screening is recommended for early identification of individuals at risk, but up to 40% of families have no mutation detected in known genes. This study combined linkage analysis and exome sequencing to identify a novel variant in exon 3 of APOB (Arg50Trp). Mass spectrometry established that low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) containing Arg50Trp APOB accumulates in the circulation of affected individuals, suggesting defective hepatic uptake. Previously reported mutations in APOB causing ADH have been located in exon 26. This is the first report of a mutation outside this region causing this phenotype, therefore, more extensive screening of this large and highly polymorphic gene may be necessary in ADH families. This is now feasible due to the high capacity of recently available sequencing platforms.
Smoking and carpal tunnel syndrome: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Pourmemari Mohammad‐Hossein , Viikari‐Juntura Eira , Shiri Rahman 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTIntroduction: We assessed the association between smoking and carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and estimated the magnitude of the association with meta‐analysis. Methods: The PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and SciVerse databases were searched through December 2012. Thirteen studies were included in the meta‐analysis. Results: Cross‐sectional studies reported an association between current smoking and CTS (pooled odds ratio (OR) = 1.99, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.38–2.60, I‐squared = 0%). Meta‐analyses of case–control studies did not, however, show an association between smoking and CTS (pooled OR = 1.04, 95% CI 0.95–1.12, I‐squared = 0.0%) or surgery due to CTS (pooled OR = 0.99, 95% CI 0.82–1.15, I‐squared = 0%). Moreover, smoking was not associated with CTS in the meta‐analysis of cohort studies (pooled OR = 0.97, 95% CI 0.45–1.50, I‐squared = 0%). Conclusions: We found an association between smoking and CTS in cross‐sectional studies. This association should be explored further in appropriately designed case–control and cohort studies. Muscle Nerve 49:345–350, 2014
An arbitrary order variationally consistent integration for Galerkin meshfree methods
Authors: Chen Jiun‐Shyan , Hillman Michael , Rüter Marcus 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYBecause most approximation functions employed in meshfree methods are rational functions with overlapping supports, sufficiently accurate domain integration becomes costly, whereas insufficient accuracy in the domain integration leads to suboptimal convergence. In this paper, we show that it is possible to achieve optimal convergence by enforcing variational consistency between the domain integration and the test functions, and optimal convergence can be achieved with much less computational cost than using higher‐order quadrature rules. In fact, stabilized conforming nodal integration is variationally consistent, whereas Gauss integration and nodal integration are not. In this work the consistency conditions for arbitrary order exactness in the Galerkin approximation are set forth explicitly. The test functions are then constructed to be variationally consistent with the integration scheme up to a desired order. Attempts are also made to correct methods that are variationally inconsistent via modification of test functions, and several variationally consistent methods are derived under a unified framework. It is demonstrated that the solution errors of PDEs due to quadrature inaccuracy can be significantly reduced when the variationally inconsistent methods are corrected with the proposed method, and consequently the optimal convergence rate can be either partially or fully restored. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multiquadric quasi‐interpolation methods for solving partial differential algebraic equations
Authors: Bao Wendi , Song Yongzhong 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIn this article, we propose two meshless collocation approaches for solving time dependent partial differential algebraic equations (PDAEs) in terms of the multiquadric quasi‐interpolation schemes. In presenting the process of the solution, the error is estimated. Furthermore, the comparisons on condition numbers of the collocation matrices using different methods and the sensitivity of the shape parametercare given. With the use of the appropriate collocation points, the method for PDAEs with index‐2 is improved. The results show that the methods have some advantages over some known methods, such as the smaller condition numbers or more accurate solutions for PDAEs which has an modal index‐2 or an impulse solution with index‐2. Copyright © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 30: 95–119, 2014
Paediatric Occupational Therapists' Use of Sound‐based Interventions: A Survey Study
Authors: Gee Bryan M , Devine Nancy , Werth Amanda , Phan Vu 
Published: June 2013

AbstractSound‐based interventions (SBIs) involve listening to psychoacoustically modified music as a means for promoting new neural pathways in individuals with neurological dysfunction. Multiple forms of SBIs exist and are being used by healthcare professionals despite the lack of evidence to support their efficacy. The purpose of this study was to describe how occupational therapists (OTs) are using SBIs as an intervention in paediatric practice.An online survey was conducted using SurveyMonkey® and was completed by OTs describing their use of SBIs with paediatric clients.Paediatric OTs are using SBIs in a variety of practice settings, with children with a variety of medical and developmental conditions, and primarily use a subjective assessment process for determining effectiveness. Most referrals for SBIs come from other OTs and parents, and reimbursement primarily is achieved through private‐pay mechanisms.This study had a small sample size (n = 74) and an estimated response rate of 14.7%, so generalization to occupational therapy practice in the United States is not possible. Further research is needed to identify the internal and external influences on the selection of SBIs as an OT intervention in paediatric practice. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.