bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A 10-Year Longitudinal Study of Brain Cortical Thickness in People with First-Episode Psychosis Using Normative Models
Authors: Berthet Pierre , Haatveit Beathe C , Kjelkenes Rikka , Worker Amanda , Kia Seyed Mostafa , Wolfers Thomas , Rutherford Saige , Alnaes Dag , Dinga Richard , Pedersen Mads L , Dahl Andreas , Fernandez-Cabello Sara , Dazzan Paola , Agartz Ingrid , Nesvåg Ragnar , Ueland Torill , Andreassen Ole A , Simonsen Carmen , Westlye Lars T , Melle Ingrid , Marquand Andre 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Clinical forecasting models have potential to optimize treatment and improve outcomes in psychosis, but predicting long-term outcomes is challenging and long-term follow-up data are scarce. In this 10-year longitudinal study, we aimed to characterize the temporal evolution of cortical correlates of psychosis and their associations with symptoms.

Design
Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) from people with first-episode psychosis and controls (n = 79 and 218) were obtained at enrollment, after 12 months (n = 67 and 197), and 10 years (n = 23 and 77), within the Thematically Organized Psychosis (TOP) study. Normative models for cortical thickness estimated on public MRI datasets (n = 42 983) were applied to TOP data to obtain deviation scores for each region and timepoint. Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) scores were acquired at each timepoint along with registry data. Linear mixed effects models assessed effects of diagnosis, time, and their interactions on cortical deviations plus associations with symptoms.

Results
LMEs revealed conditional main effects of diagnosis and time × diagnosis interactions in a distributed cortical network, where negative deviations in patients attenuate over time. In patients, symptoms also attenuate over time. LMEs revealed effects of anterior cingulate on PANSS total, and insular and orbitofrontal regions on PANSS negative scores.

Conclusions
This long-term longitudinal study revealed a distributed pattern of cortical differences which attenuated over time together with a reduction in symptoms. These findings are not in line with a simple neurodegenerative account of schizophrenia, and deviations from normative models offer a promising avenue to develop biomarkers to track clinical trajectories over time.
Effectiveness of targeted public university funding on universities’ start-up support: evidence from ‘EXIST—Potentials’
Authors: Mueller Christoph E , Eckardt Iris 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Universities play a crucial role in the creation and promotion of academic spin-offs, which is why public funding programmes are implemented to improve start-up support there. So far, however, there has been little robust evidence as to whether such programmes actually improve start-up support mechanisms at universities. Against this backdrop, the present study makes a contribution by examining the effects of a large German university funding programme entitled ‘EXIST—Potentials’ on the start-up support of the funded universities. Using an indicator that measures start-up support at universities very broadly and employing a before-and-after comparison group design, reliable results on the effectiveness of the programme are presented. The findings suggest that the programme is effective in improving start-up support mechanisms at universities.
Changes in higher order cognitive function between four watch keeping schedules
Authors: Guzzetti Jacob R , Marando Isabella , Matthews Raymond W , Owen Mikaela S , Yates Crystal , Banks Siobhan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Maritime industries utilize many different watch keeping schedules to maintain vigilance and crew safety around the clock. These schedules can be fatiguing, negatively impacting vigilant attention. This has led to the consideration of schedules that might allow for more sleep time, but how these schedules impact higher order cognitive function remains unclear. These schedules require assessment with tasks that are relevant to real-world operations on maritime vessels. This study investigated the effect of four schedules on higher order cognitive function. N = 27 (16 female) participants were recruited to a 10-day laboratory study, comparing four schedules. The schedules investigated were eight-on/eight-off/four-on/four-off (8/8/4/4) with sleep from 09:30 to 16:00 (condition A); six-on/six-off (6/6) with sleep from 08:30 to 12:30 and 21:30 to 00:00 (condition B); four-on/four-off (4/4/4/4/4/4) with sleep from 18:00 to 00:30 (condition C); and four-on/four-off (4/4/4/4/4/4) with sleep from 01:30 to 08:00 (condition D). Higher order cognitive function was assessed 2–3× daily whilst “on watch” using tests of visual scanning, learning, working memory, mental flexibility, and visuomotor control. Conditions were ranked and stability of performance on watch was compared between conditions using Kruskal–Wallis tests. Cognitive function within condition B was ranked the worst for most of the tasks. However, the stability of higher order cognitive function was poorest across the waking day within condition A. These findings highlight the variability in cognitive capacities during different watch keeping schedules.
Exploring Phylogenetic Signal in Multivariate Phenotypes by Maximizing Blomberg’s K
Authors: Mitteroecker Philipp , Collyer Michael L , Adams Dean C 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Due to the hierarchical structure of the tree of life, closely related species often resemble each other more than distantly related species; a pattern termed phylogenetic signal. Numerous univariate statistics have been proposed as measures of phylogenetic signal for single phenotypic traits, but the study of phylogenetic signal for multivariate data, as is common in modern biology, remains challenging. Here, we introduce a new method to explore phylogenetic signal in multivariate phenotypes. Our approach decomposes the data into linear combinations with maximal (or minimal) phylogenetic signal, as measured by Blomberg’s K. The loading vectors of these phylogenetic components or K-components can be biologically interpreted, and scatterplots of the scores can be used as a low-dimensional ordination of the data that maximally (or minimally) preserves phylogenetic signal. We present algebraic and statistical properties, along with 2 new summary statistics, KA and KG, of phylogenetic signal in multivariate data. Simulation studies showed that KA and KG have higher statistical power than the previously suggested statistic Km⁢u⁢l⁢t, especially if phylogenetic signal is low or concentrated in a few trait dimensions. In 2 empirical applications to vertebrate cranial shape (crocodyliforms and papionins), we found statistically significant phylogenetic signal concentrated in a few trait dimensions. The finding that phylogenetic signal can be highly variable across the dimensions of multivariate phenotypes has important implications for current maximum likelihood approaches to phylogenetic signal in multivariate data.
Poland: Tax labyrinths and legal landscapes—the odyssey of family foundations in Poland
Authors: Krzywański Tomasz , Gajdziński Krzysztof 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The Polish Family Foundation Law, introduced in May 2023, was designed to facilitate the preservation and management of family wealth. Its success has exceeded expectations with over 1,500 foundations established in its first year. This article examines the law’s impact, its reception, and the practicalities of establishing a Polish foundation. It also explores the implications for existing foreign foundations, analyzing the challenges posed by the exit tax regulations, Controlled Foreign Corporation rules and withholding tax developments. The article further discusses potential legal adjustments needed to align the law with European Union principles and the opportunities for foreign foundations related to it.
MiR398b Targets Superoxide Dismutase Genes in Soybean in Defense Against Heterodera glycines via Modulating Reactive Oxygen Species Homeostasis
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyu , Zhu Xiaofeng , Chen Lijie , Fan Haiyan , Liu Xiaoyu , Yang Ning , Duan Yuxi , Wang Yuanyuan 
Published: July 2024

MicroRNAs play crucial roles in plant defense responses. However, the underlying mechanism by which miR398b contributes to soybean responses to soybean cyst nematode ( Heterodera glycines) remains elusive. In this study, by using Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation of soybean hairy roots, we observed that miR398b and target genes GmCCS and GmCSD1b played vital functions in soybean− H. glycines interaction. The study revealed that the abundance of miR398b was downregulated by H. glycines infection, and overexpression of miR398b enhanced the susceptibility of soybean to H. glycines. Conversely, silencing of miR398b improved soybean resistance to H. glycines. Detection assays revealed that miR398b rapidly senses stress-induced reactive oxygen species, leading to the repression of target genes GmCCS and GmCSD1b and regulating the accumulation of plant defense genes against nematode infection. Moreover, exogenous synthetic ds-miR398b enhanced soybean sensitivity to H. glycines by modulating H2O2 and O2− levels. Functional analysis demonstrated that overexpression of GmCCS and GmCSD1b in soybean enhanced resistance to H. glycines. RNA interference-mediated repression of GmCCS and GmCSD1b in soybean increased susceptibility to H. glycines. RNA sequencing revealed that a majority of differentially expressed genes in overexpressed GmCCS were associated with oxidative stress. Overall, the results indicate that miR398b targets superoxide dismutase genes, which negatively regulate soybean resistance to H. glycines via modulating reactive oxygen species levels and defense signals.
A rare case report of osteochondroma of the left medial cuneiform
Authors: Shrestha Rohit , Maharjan Sandesh S. , Pandey Abhishek , Pradhananga Kriti , Pandey Archana 
Published: July 2024

Introduction and importance:
Osteochondroma is a benign skeletal neoplasm presenting with the proliferation of bony tissue. Osteochondroma of the foot is uncommon, and that of the cuneiform is an extremely rare entity.

Case presentation:
We present the case of a 22-year-old woman with osteochondroma of the left medial cuneiform who was having pain in the first ray of the left foot.

Clinical discussion:
Most cases of osteochondromas are nontender and painless masses with a benign asymptomatic course; however, progression to inflammation and neurovascular complications may cause considerable morbidity. The majority of cases are treated conservatively, while some severe cases require surgical management.

Conclusion:
Operative treatment of osteochondroma with excision of the mass remains a safe and successful alternative to conservative management whenever required.
Central neurological manifestations in a sample of Syrian patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: cross-sectional study
Authors: Kudsi Maysoun , Achmeh Bassel , Khalayli Naram , Rabah Karam , Rabah Nour , Al_Darwish Lama , Alghawe Fatima Alzahraa 
Published: July 2024

Introduction:
The authors aimed to study systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) central neurological patterns and their correlations with the disease activity.

Patients and methods:
The authors’ retrospective observational study was carried out on admitted SLE patients. The patients’ demographic data, clinical examinations, laboratory tests, imaging studies, and systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLEDAI) were recorded.

Results:
Thirty-six SLE patients had neurological manifestations from 203 patients, but 8 patients were excluded. 90.2% were females. The age of neuro-lupus manifestation was 24.1+2.9 years. Neurological manifestations were the initial presentation in 25% of patients. General seizures were the frequent manifestation. SLEDAI was 29.51±18.43, while it was 18.3±9.2 among patients without neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE). Twenty-five percent of patients had pleocytosis on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis. Small lesions were seen in 57.1% of patients on brain MRIs, and large lesions were observed in 10.6%. These findings were compatible with the disease activity.

Discussion:
Central nervous system involvement ranged between 10 and 80%, and much more with active disease. The frequent finding was general seizures. Psychosis and cognitive impairment were relatively frequent. Adult NPSLE manifestations had developed before or around the time of SLE diagnosis and within the first year after diagnosis. These manifestations were directly correlated to the disease activity. Abnormality in CSF is characterized by slight pleocytosis, and elevation of protein with normal fructose. MRI is the neuroimaging test of choice for NPSLE in clinical practice.

Conclusion:
Central neurological involvement in SLE was seen early in the course of the disease, and correlating to the disease activity.
Local Ablation Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Lee Min Woo , Han Seungchul , Gu Kyowon , Rhim Hyunchul 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Local ablation therapy, encompassing radiofrequency ablation (RFA), microwave ablation, and cryoablation, has emerged as a crucial strategy for managing small hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), complementing liver resection and transplantation. This review delves into the clinical significance of tumor size, location, and biology in guiding treatment decisions for HCCs undergoing local ablation therapy, with a focus on tumors smaller than 3 cm. Tumor size significantly influences treatment outcomes, with larger tumors associated with poorer local tumor control due to challenges in creating sufficient ablative margins and the likelihood of microvascular invasion and peritumoral satellite nodules. Advanced ablation techniques such as centripetal or no-touch RFA using multiple electrodes, cryoablation using multiple cryoprobes, and microwave ablation offer diverse options for HCC treatment. Notably, no-touch RFA demonstrates superior local tumor control compared with conventional RFA by achieving sufficient ablative margins, making it particularly promising for hepatic dome lesions or tumors with aggressive biology. Laparoscopic RFA proves beneficial for treating anterior subphrenic HCCs, whereas artificial pleural effusion–assisted RFA is effective for controlling posterior subphrenic HCCs. However, surgical resection generally offers better survival outcomes for periportal HCCs compared with RFA. Cryoablation exhibits a lower incidence of vascular or biliary complications than RFA for HCCs adjacent to perivascular or periductal regions. Additionally, aggressive tumor biology, such as microvascular invasion, can be predicted using magnetic resonance imaging findings and serum tumor markers. Aggressive HCC subtypes frequently exhibit Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System M features on magnetic resonance imaging, aiding in prognosis. A comprehensive understanding of tumor size, location, and biology is imperative for optimizing the benefits of local ablation therapy in managing HCCs.
“Magnetic Sand”: Illusions of Interactivity
Authors: Shimojo Shinsuke , Shimojo Kensuke , Shimojo Eiko , Zheng Shengjie , Wu Daw-An 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe found a series of new illusions, in which actions performed near a random white-noise display lead to the perception that the display is altered interactively with the observer’s actions. The perceptions resemble interactions with a box of magnetic sand, where the hand can leave traces, or attract and repulse grains in its vicinity. 1) the observer puts a finger very close to a dynamic noise display, slowly moving as though drawing a letter or a shape. A trace appears left in the finger’s path, decaying within 500 ms or so. 2) When the observer moves their palm toward and away from the display, opening and closing their fingers as if grabbing and releasing grains of sand, the random dots appear as though they were magnetically attracted to or repelled by the fingers. 3) When an open hand close to the display is slowly moved back and forth laterally, the nearby dots appear to get attracted to or captured by the fingers and thus appear to move with them. 4) The same kind of action capture occurs even when the hand is not visible, moving behind the display. These illusions are robust across a wide range of parameters, including frame rate, luminance contrast, dot size (spatial frequency), and finger movement factors. Inter-subject variability is not correlated across illusion types, and the illusions also diverge in behavior across dynamic and static noise conditions. This indicates that multiple mechanisms are involved to different extents across illusions. Several known visual motion detectors and other low-level mechanisms may be involved in seeding the perceptual phenomena. However, a complete explanation would require mechanisms of action capture, whereby the internal model of the person’s actions and their predicted consequences organizes visual attention and processing of the random stimulus components.
Genetic liability underlying reward-related comorbidity in psychiatric disorders involves the coincident functions of autism-linked ADGRL1 and hevin
Authors: Correoso-Braña Kerlys G. , Anesio Augusto , Dumas Sylvie , Valjent Emmanuel , Heck Nicolas , Vialou Vincent , Boucard Antony A. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTComorbidity between psychiatric traits is thought to involve overlapping pleiotropic effects from sets of genes. Notably, substance abuse is a shared comorbid condition among various neurodevelopmental disorders with externalizing symptoms such as autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, thus hinting at the nucleus accumbens (NAc) as a site for predisposition underlying convergence of genetic influences in reward-related comorbidity. Here, we identify the autism-related gene encoding the adhesion G protein-coupled receptor (aGPCR) Latrophilin-1/ADGRL1 as an essential transducer of reward mechanisms in the NAc. We found that ADGRL1 mRNA is ubiquitously expressed throughout major NAc neuronal populations in mice. A mouse model of pan-neuronal Adgrl1 deficiency in the NAc displayed cocaine-seeking impairments in adult individuals denoting its role in drug-induced reinforcement and reward. Connecting molecular pathways of cocaine-induced learning, we uncover that ADGRL1 constitutes a functional receptor for autism-related cocaine effector molecule hevin/SPARCL1. Indeed, hevin interacts with membrane-expressed ADGRL1 and induces its internalization while stabilizing its uncleaved fraction. Moreover, hevin alters the formation of intercellular adhesion contacts mediated by ADGRL1 and Neurexin-1. Importantly, the functional constitutive coupling between ADGRL1 and various G protein pathways is selectively modulated by hevin stimulation with a bias toward Gi3, Gs, and G13 proteins. These findings unveil the dual role of ADGRL1 and hevin as genetic risk factors for both psychiatric disorders and substance abuse to define the molecular etiology of comorbidity.
Altered B Cell Metabolic Pathways Characterize Type 1 Diabetes Progression
Authors: Conway Holly , Perez Dianna , Swar-Eldahab Mugtaba , Piganelli Jon , Evans-Molina Carmella , Felton Jamie 
Published: July 2024

SUMMARYType 1 diabetes (T1D) results in immune-mediated destruction of insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. B cells have been identified as critical, pathogenic antigen presenting cells and their specificity drives disease progression. At the same time, immunosuppressive, IL-10- producing regulatory B cells (Bregs) have been shown to play protective roles in mouse models of several autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis. In these models, microenvironmental stimuli induce regulatory B cell differentiation. Specifically, signaling through hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) drives a glycolytic flux that facilitates Breg expansion. While Breg frequencies are decreased in individuals with T1D compared to healthy controls, the role B regs play, how microenvironmental stimuli influence their differentiation, and whether this is altered in T1D progression, which is characterized by progressive, systemic hyperglycemia, are less clear. Here we examine the relationship between B cell differentiation, cellular metabolism, and HIF-1α to reveal that in a mouse model of autoimmune diabetes, B cells have distinct metabolic characteristics that change with disease progression. Further, response to hypoxia in autoimmune B cells is distinct from the response by non-autoimmune, control B cells. Together, these data suggest that dysregulated HIF signaling may skew the B cell repertoire toward inflammatory, rather than regulatory B cell subsets to drive T1D development. Consequently, HIF-1α activation to expand regulatory B cell populations may be a viable option for immune modulation.
Reproductive success of inbred strain MV31 of the ctenophoreMnemiopsis leidyiin a self-sustaining inland laboratory culture system
Authors: Garg Pranav , Frey Cameron , Browne William E. , Plotkin Steven S. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCtenophores are an attractive lineage for studying animal evolution due to their early divergence from other metazoans. Among Ctenophora,Mnemiopsis leidyiis a model system for developmental, cellular, molecular genetic, and evolutionary studies. Until recently, many of these studies were conducted on wild-caught animals, limiting access to researchers on the coast. Here we present significant advancements towards culturingM. leidyiin laboratories without coastal access, enabling its wider use as an experimental and genetic model system. We detail updated feeding regimes that take advantage of co-culturingBrachionusrotifers withApocyclopscopepods, and quantify the reproductive output of ourM. leidyilab strain on this diet. Our updated feeding regime maintains reproductive fitness comparable to wild-caught individuals. Importantly, we have eliminated the logistical complexities and costs of regularly feeding live larval fish toM. leidyi. Our updated protocols make it feasible to maintain continuous ctenophore cultures independent of access to both coastal populations of wildM. leidyiand larval fish culturing facilities.
Diverse Calcium Signaling in Astrocytes: Insights from a Computational Model
Authors: Bezerra Thiago Ohno , Roque Antonio C. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAstrocytes are complex cells that influence a variety of brain functions and behaviors. They are active cells that show a sharp increase in intracellular Ca2+concentration in response to neurotransmitters (events called Ca2+signals). The main source of intracellular Ca2+is the stores in endoplasmic reticulum (ER), released by the activation of IP3 receptor channels on the ER membrane. As neurons, astrocytes from different brain regions show distinct Ca2+signals. In addition, astrocytes can also show different patterns of Ca2+responses. It is not yet clear how the diversity of astrocyte response emerge from the same mech-anisms. Here we present a two variable astrocyte compartmental model for the Ca2+and IP3 dynamics. We show that Ca2+signals with different characteristics can emerge from changing the parameters associated with the Ca2+and IP3 dynamics and the transmembrane current. We also show that global Ca2+signals are required for the model to trigger different patterns of Ca2+responses. The model present here can be used to simulate astrocytes from different brain regions and with distinct types of response.