bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
QTL mapping based on the embryo and maternal genetic systems for non‐essential amino acids in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) meal
Authors: Wen Juan , Xu Jian‐Feng , Long Yan , Wu Jian‐Guo , Xu Hai‐Ming , Meng Jin‐Ling , Shi Chun‐Hai 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDNon‐essential amino acids are a good source of nitrogen and also very important contributors to the metabolic process. Analysis of quantitative trait locus (QTL) simultaneously located on the amphidiploid embryo and maternal plant nuclear genomes for non‐essential amino acid contents in rapeseed meal across different environments was conducive to further clarify the genetic mechanism of seed quality traits.RESULTSTwenty‐eight QTLs associated with arginine (five QTLs), histidine (four QTLs), glutamic acid (three QTLs), glycine (three QTLs), proline (three QTLs), alanine (four QTLs) and aspartic acid (six QTLs) contents were identified in present study. All of these QTLs had significant additive main effects from embryo and maternal plant nuclear genomes with eight of them showing significant embryo dominance main effects and 12 showing notable QTL × environment interaction effects. Among them, 12 QTLs were major QTLs which could explain 13.27–35.71% of the phenotypic variation. Specially, five QTL clusters associated with several QTLs related to multiple traits were distributed on chromosomes A1, A4, A5, A7 and C2.CONCLUSIONNon‐essential amino acids in rapeseed meal could be simultaneously controlled by the genetic effects from the QTLs which were located on the chromosomes both in the embryo and maternal plant genetic systems. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Impairment of rumen biohydrogenation and bacteria of the Butyrivibrio group in the rumen of goats through a 20:5 n‐3 (EPA) rich supplement
Authors: Lv Xuejiao , Mao Shengyong , Zhu Weiyun 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDMarine products can inhibit biohydrogenation in the rumen, but the mechanism is not clear. This study investigated a 20:5 n‐3 rich supplement effects on rumen biohydrogenation, microbial change and fermentation characteristics in goats.RESULTSThe supplementation decreased 18:0 proportions in rumen fatty acids (P < 0.001), while it increased cis‐9, trans‐11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) (P < 0.001) and trans‐10, cis‐12 CLA proportions (P < 0.001). The supplement reduced the number of Butyrivibrio spp. and B. proteoclasticus (P < 0.01). Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis redundancy analysis indicated that some species, mainly from the rumen of goats receiving the 2.5 and 5.0 g d−1 supplement, were positively correlated with cis‐9, trans‐11 CLA proportions; some species, mainly from the rumen of control goats, were positively correlated with 18:0 proportions. The supplement reduced the NH3‐N concentrations and acetate molar proportions in the rumen (P < 0.05), but increased propionate and butyrate molar proportions (P < 0.01), and had no effect on total volatile fatty acid concentration.CONCLUSIONThe supplement rich in 20:5 n‐3 reduced the biohydrogenation of 18‐carbon unsaturated fatty acids with a significant reduction of the 18:0 proportion and this was coupled with the suppression of the abundance of biohydrogenating bacteria and unknown bacteria. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Negative dystonia of the palate: A novel entity and diagnostic consideration in hypernasal speech
Authors: Sinclair Catherine F. , Simonyan Kristina , Brin Mitchell F. , Blitzer Andrew 
Published: February 2015

ObjectiveTo present the first documented series of patients with negative dystonia (ND) of the palate, including clinical symptoms, functional MRI findings, and management options.Study DesignCase series ascertained from clinical research centers that evaluated patients with both hyperkinetic and hypokinetic movement disorders.MethodsBetween July 1983 and March 2013, data was collected on patient demographics, disease characteristics, functional MRI findings, long‐term management options, and outcomes. We sought patients whose clinical examination demonstrated absent palatal movement on speaking, despite normal palatal activity on other activities.ResultsFive patients (2 males, 3 females) met clinical criteria. All patients presented with hypernasal speech without associated dysphagia. Clinical examination revealed absent palatal movement on speaking despite intact gag reflexes, normal palate elevation on swallowing, and normal cranial nerve examinations. Other cranial and/or limb dystonias were present in four patients (80.0%). Three patients (60.0%) had previously failed oral pharmacologic therapy. Two patients underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies, which demonstrated an overall decrease of cortical and subcortical activation during production of symptomatic syllables and asymptomatic coughing. Management included speech therapy (all patients) and palatal lift (2 patients) with limited improvement. Calcium hydroxyapatite injection (1 patient) into the soft palate and Passavants' ridge was beneficial.ConclusionsThis is the first report of ND of the palate. Characteristic findings were task‐specific absent palatal movement with speech, despite normal movement on swallowing, coughing, and an intact gag reflex, as well as disorder‐specific decreased brain activation on functional MRI. A diagnosis of ND of the palate should be considered for patients who present with hypernasal speech.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 125:1426–1432, 2015
Surgical management of Patulous eustachian tube: A systematic review
Authors: Hussein Ahmed A. , Adams Austin S. , Turner Justin H. 
Published: February 2015

ObjectivesPatulous Eustachian tube (PET) is a challenging clinical problem with limited medical and surgical options. The current study systematically reviews the literature to determine the safety and efficacy of surgical treatments for PET.Data SourcesMedline, Google Scholar, and Cochrane databases.MethodsStudies evaluating the surgical management of PET were extracted based on defined inclusion criteria. Data including surgical techniques, outcomes, and complications were extracted and analyzed.ResultsA total of 1,616 studies were retrieved from the initial search. Of these, 14 studies comprising a total of 226 patients (253 sides) met inclusion criteria and were evaluated for surgical techniques, patient outcomes, and complications. As defined by the Oxford Center for Evidence‐Based Medicine (Oxford, UK), all studies were classified as level 4 evidence. The most commonly reported techniques were ET plugging (3 studies), PE tube placement (2 studies), and suture ligation (2 studies). Postoperative follow‐up ranged from 2 to 60 months (mean, 20.6 months). Outcome measures varied significantly between individual studies, with overall symptom improvement reported between 22% and 100% (mean 72.4%; 95% CI, 62.5%–81.2%). A low incidence of minor complications was reported in nine of 14 studies.ConclusionsCurrent literature evaluating the surgical management of PET is limited and comprised entirely of level 4 studies. Comparisons between techniques were not possible due to the small number of studies and variable outcome measures. Future larger studies evaluating defined outcomes and quality‐of‐life measures are needed to determine the comparative efficacy of surgical treatments for this challenging condition. Laryngoscope, 125:2193–2198, 2015
Variable Polymer Properties Driven by Substituent Groups: Investigation on a Trifluorovinylether‐Functionalized Polyfluorene at the C‐9 Position
Authors: Wang Jiajia , Li Kai , Yuan Chao , Jin Kaikai , Tian Song , Sun Jing , Fang Qiang 
Published: February 2015

A new polyfluorene PF‐TFVE with functional trifluorovinylether (–OCF=CF2) groups at the C‐9 position is reported. When heated to high temperatures, the polymer converts to a cross‐linked network (PF‐PFCB), which exhibits much lower dielectric constant and dissipation factor at high frequency than a traditional octyl substituted polyfluorene (PFO) (cf., PF‐PFCB: 2.42 and 0.048; PFO: 3.80 and 0.22 @ 30 MHz). The electronic spectra of PF‐PFCB indicate that it exhibits weaker UV–vis absorption and photoluminescent emission than PFO in the solid state, suggesting that the big substituent groups and the cross‐linked networks in PF‐PFCB hinder the conjugation between two fluorene units. This is the first example revealing that dielectric properties of polyfluorenes can be varied by different substituent groups at the C‐9 position. These results indicate that polyfluorenes can not only be considered as semiconductors, but also as insulators.
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Formula‐derived advanced glycation end products are involved in the development of long‐term inflammation and oxidative stress in kidney of IUGR piglets
Authors: Elmhiri Ghada , Mahmood Dler F. D. , Niquet‐Leridon Celine , Jacolot Philippe , Firmin Stephane , Guigand Lydie , Tessier Frederic J. , Larcher Thibaut , Abdennebi‐Najar Latifa 
Published: January 2015

ScopeFormula‐derived dietary advanced glycation end products (AGEs) may promote programming of inflammation and oxidative stress in the kidney of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) piglets.Methods and resultsIUGR piglets received either a low temperature heated formula (n = 8) or a high temperature heated formula (HHF: n = 8) or suckled naturally for 3 wk postnatally. Then they were fed with normal ad libitum regular diet. N(ε)‐carboxymethyllysine (CML) was measured in plasma, feces, and formula by HPLC/MS‐MS. CML was detected by immunofluorescence in kidney cells. Target renin–angiotensin—apoptotic, pro‐inflammatory genes—p62 NF‐κB, and soluble receptor of AGE (sRAGE) levels were quantified. Compared with that in controls, free CML and plasma urea increased significantly in the HHF‐fed group at PND36 (p < 0.05). CML was detected in the nuclei of renal tubular cells of formula‐fed piglets but not in suckled ones. This presence of CML was associated with the activation of the soluble receptor of AGE. AT1, AT2, caspase 3, caspase 8, NF‐κB, p62 NF‐κB, and total protein oxidation in kidney were higher in HHF‐fed group as compared to LHF‐fed group (p < 0.05).ConclusionFood processes aimed at reducing the concentration of AGEs in infant formula are urgently needed and may be therapeutically relevant for premature and/or IUGR babies.
Suppression of 7,12‐dimethylbenz(a)anthracene‐induced mammary tumorigenesis by glyceollins
Authors: Kim Bo Ram , Seo Ji‐Yeon , Sung Mi‐Kyung , Park Jung Han Yoon , Suh Hwa‐Jin , Liu Kwang Hyeon , Kim Jong‐Sang 
Published: January 2015

ScopeOur previous study showed that glyceollins induced phase 2 detoxifying and antioxidant enzymes. As chemical carcinogens can be detoxified by metabolic activity of phase 2 enzymes, subsequently decreasing their tumorigenic potential, we investigated whether 7,12‐dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)‐induced mammary tumorigenesis could be attenuated by treatment with glyceollins in a mouse model.Methods and resultsPretreatment with glyceollins (5 mg/kg body weight) caused a significant reduction in tumor formation and an increase in survival rate. The protective effect of glyceollins against DMBA‐induced tumorigenesis was found to be mainly associated with their potential to induce phase 2/antioxidant enzymes that are, in turn, regulated by the nuclear factor E2‐related factor 2 signaling pathway, and to a less extent to suppress phase 1 enzymes. As glyceollins increased the number of terminal end buds, a tumor‐prone mammary tissue type in mice, it is unlikely that they exert their antitumorigenic action through their estrogenic activity.ConclusionGlyceollins were found to have a protective effect in a chemically induced mammary tumor model.
3D‐printed shepp‐logan phantom as a real‐world benchmark for MRI
Authors: Kasten Jeffrey A. , Vetterli Thomas , Lazeyras François , Van De Ville Dimitri 
Published: January 2015

PurposeAs prescribed and reliable geometrical entities, phantoms have served as indispensable validation tools in a variety of MR‐related topics. Though a number of phantoms have been conceived, certain applications may warrant highly customized geometries. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the expediency of rapid prototyping for generating a flexible class of MR‐compatible phantom designs.MethodsAn incarnation of the three‐dimensional Shepp‐Logan numerical phantom, amended for use in magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging, was actualized using rapid prototyping. Each of the comprising compartments was filled with a solution containing prepared concentrations of common 1H brain metabolites. Analytical Fourier expressions for the phantom class were established in order to generate a set of simulated measurements, which were then contrasted with acquired data.ResultsExperimental results for both structural and spectroscopic imaging substantiate the suitability of rapid prototyping for MR phantom applications. The analytically simulated measurements show excellent agreement with the measured data, but also highlight the various consequences effectuated when certain aspects of the acquisition model are disregarded or misrepresented.ConclusionRapid prototyping offers a novel and versatile framework for MR phantom‐based validation studies. Furthermore, the growing accessibility and open‐source compatibility may provide an important link between the often disparate numerical and haptic testing. Magn Reson Med 75:287–294, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Activity attenuates skeletal muscle fiber damage after ischemia and reperfusion
Authors: Walters Thomas J. , Garg Koyal , Corona Benjamin T. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTIntroduction: In this investigation we aimed to determine whether: (1) physical activity protects rat skeletal muscle from ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury; and (2) continued activity after I/R improves the rate of healing. Methods: Rats were divided into sedentary or active (voluntary wheel running) groups. Active rats ran for 4 weeks before I/R or 4 weeks before plus 4 weeks after I/R. Results: Activity before I/R resulted in 73.2% less muscle damage (Evans blue dye inclusion). Sedentary and active rats had a similar decline in neural‐evoked (∼99%) and directly stimulated (∼70%) in vivo muscle torque, and a similar reduction in junctophilin 1. Active rats produced 19% and 15% greater neural‐evoked torque compared with sedentary rats at 14 and 28 days postinjury, respectively, although the rate of recovery appeared similar. Conclusions: Activity protects against long‐term muscle damage, but not short‐term neural injury or excitation‐contraction uncoupling. Continued activity neither accelerates nor hinders the rate of functional recovery. Muscle Nerve 52: 640–648, 2015
Ethnic differences in associations between fat deposition and incident diabetes and underlying mechanisms: The SABRE study
Authors: Eastwood Sophie V. , Tillin Therese , Dehbi Hakim‐Moulay , Wright Andrew , Forouhi Nita G , Godsland Ian , Whincup Peter , Sattar Naveed , Hughes Alun D , Chaturvedi Nishi 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo examine ethnic differences in ectopic fat and associations with incident diabetes.MethodsIn a UK cohort study, 1338 Europeans, 838 South Asians, and 330 African Caribbeans living in London were aged 40‐69 years at baseline. Baseline assessment included blood tests, anthropometry, and questionnaires. Anthropometry‐based prediction equations estimated baseline visceral adipose tissue (VAT). Incident diabetes was ascertained from record review, self‐report, or oral glucose tolerance testing.ResultsSouth Asians had more and African Caribbeans less estimated VAT than Europeans. Both ethnic minorities had larger truncal skinfolds than Europeans. In men, adjustment for risk factors (BMI, smoking, systolic blood pressure, and HDL‐cholesterol) markedly attenuated the association between estimated VAT and diabetes in Europeans (standardized subhazard ratios [95% CI]: from 1.74 [1.49, 2.03] to 1.16 [0.77, 1.76]) and African Caribbeans (1.72 [1.26, 2.35] to 1.44 [0.69, 3.02]) but not South Asians (1.60 [1.38, 1.86] to 1.90 [1.37, 2.64]). In women, attenuation was observed only for South Asians (1.80 [1.01, 3.23] to 1.07 [0.49, 2.31]). Associations between truncal skinfolds and diabetes appeared less affected by multivariable adjustment in South Asians and African Caribbeans than Europeans (1.24 [0.97, 1.57] and 1.28 [0.89, 1.82] versus 1.02 [0.77, 1.36] in men; 1.91 [1.03, 3.56] and 1.42 [0.86, 2.34] versus 1.23 [0.74, 2.05] in women).ConclusionsDifferences in overall truncal fat, as well as VAT, may contribute to the excess of diabetes in South Asian and African Caribbean groups, particularly for women.
Efficient generation of peptide hydrazides via direct hydrazinolysis of Peptidyl‐Wang‐TentaGel resins
Authors: Bello Claudia , Kikul Frauke , Becker Christian F.W. 
Published: February 2015

Peptide hydrazides are valuable building blocks in peptide and protein chemistry, e.g. as precursors of peptide thioesters that allow the preparation of these important intermediates under mild conditions. Additional robust and versatile methods for the generation of peptide hydrazides from standard solid supports are therefore highly desired in order to facilitate access to peptide thioester via Fmoc‐based SPPS.Here, the efficient generation of peptide hydrazides from conventional 4‐hydroxymethyl phenol Wang‐TentalGel peptidyl resins is described. Direct hydrazinolysis of a 19mer mucin1 peptide gives the protected peptide hydrazide in excellent yields. Testing a series of octapeptides carrying the 20 common proteinogenic amino acids at their C‐terminus led to preparation of all corresponding peptide hydrazides in very good to excellent yields and purities. The available set of octapeptides allowed analyzing the influence of the nature of the C‐terminal amino acid and of the solvent on the hydrazinolysis reaction. Furthermore, the compatibility of the method with posttranslational modifications (here glycosylation) and with potentially sensitive functional groups in amino acid side chains makes this approach a viable alternative for obtaining peptide hydrazides. It combines the advantages of a straightforward synthesis with stereochemical stability and flexibility, as it provides easy access to the peptide acid and the peptide thioester (via the hydrazide) from the same solid support. Copyright © 2015 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Non‐fragile robust control for networked control systems with long time‐varying delay, randomly occurring nonlinearity, and randomly occurring controller gain fluctuation
Authors: Zhang Zhao , Zhang Huaguang , Wang Zhiliang 
Published: February 2015

SummaryThis paper investigates the non‐fragile robust control problem for a class of nonlinear networked control systems (NCSs) with long time‐varying delay. Both the uncertain nonlinearity and the controller gain fluctuation enter into the system in random ways, and such randomly occurring nonlinearity and randomly occurring controller gain fluctuation obey certain mutually uncorrelated Bernoulli distributed white noise sequences. A new time‐varying discrete time system model is proposed to describe the NCS. To reduce conservatism arising from modeling time‐varying parts, the time‐varying parts due to the time‐varying delay are treated as a norm‐bounded uncertainty with one nominal point using robust control techniques. Based on the obtained uncertain system model, a regular and an optimal sufficient non‐fragile controllers are derived by applying the Lyapunov stability theory and the linear matrix inequality technique, which render the closed‐loop NCS to be asymptotically stable and guarantee an upper bound of the given performance cost for all admissible uncertainties. Moreover, the existence condition and design method for the non‐fragile stabilizing controllers are also presented. Two numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
microRNA-103/107 Family Regulates Multiple Epithelial Stem Cell Characteristics
Authors: Peng Han , Park Jong Kook , Katsnelson Julia , Kaplan Nihal , Yang Wending , Getsios Spiro , Lavker Robert M. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The stem cell niche is thought to affect cell cycle quiescence, proliferative capacity, and communication between stem cells and their neighbors. How these activities are controlled is not completely understood. Here we define a microRNA family (miRs-103/107) preferentially expressed in the stem cell-enriched limbal epithelium that regulates and integrates these stem cell characteristics. miRs-103/107 target the ribosomal kinase p90RSK2, thereby arresting cells in G0/G1 and contributing to a slow-cycling phenotype. Furthermore, miRs-103/107 increase the proliferative capacity of keratinocytes by targeting Wnt3a, which enhances Sox9 and YAP1 levels and thus promotes a stem cell phenotype. This miRNA family also regulates keratinocyte cell-cell communication by targeting: (a) the scaffolding protein NEDD9, preserving E-cadherin-mediated cell adhesion; and (b) the tyrosine phosphatase PTPRM, which negatively regulates connexin 43-based gap junctions. We propose that such regulation of cell communication and adhesion molecules maintains the integrity of the stem cell niche ultimately preserving self-renewal, a hallmark of epithelial stem cells. Stem Cells 2015;33:1642–1656
Pulsed Focused Ultrasound Pretreatment Improves Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Efficacy in Preventing and Rescuing Established Acute Kidney Injury in Mice
Authors: Burks Scott R. , Nguyen Ben A. , Tebebi Pamela A. , Kim Saejeong J. , Bresler Michele N. , Ziadloo Ali , Street Jonathan M. , Yuen Peter S. T. , Star Robert A. , Frank Joseph A. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Animal studies have shown that mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) infusions improve acute kidney injury (AKI) outcomes when administered early after ischemic/reperfusion injury or within 24 hours after cisplatin administration. These findings have spurred several human clinical trials to prevent AKI. However, no specific therapy effectively treats clinically obvious AKI or rescues renal function once advanced injury is established. We investigated if noninvasive image-guided pulsed focused ultrasound (pFUS) could alter the kidney microenvironment to enhance homing of subsequently infused MSC. To examine the efficacy of pFUS-enhanced cell homing in disease, we targeted pFUS to kidneys to enhance MSC homing after cisplatin-induced AKI. We found that pFUS enhanced MSC homing at 1 day post-cisplatin, prior to renal functional deficits, and that enhanced homing improved outcomes of renal function, tubular cell death, and regeneration at 5 days post-cisplatin compared to MSC alone. We then investigated whether pFUS+MSC therapy could rescue established AKI. MSC alone at 3 days post-cisplatin, after renal functional deficits were obvious, significantly improved 7-day survival of animals. Survival was further improved by pFUS and MSC. pFUS prior to MSC injections increased IL-10 production by MSC that homed to kidneys and generated an anti-inflammatory immune cell profile in treated kidneys. This study shows pFUS is a neoadjuvant approach to improve MSC homing to diseased organs. pFUS with MSC better prevents AKI than MSC alone and allows rescue therapy in established AKI, which currently has no meaningful therapeutic options. Stem Cells 2015;33:1241–1253