bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Jeremiah Markland, 1693–1776
Authors: Collard C. 
Published: April 2013

‘It is probable that Englishmen are right in counting Porson the second of English scholars, but many judges on the Continent would give that rank to Markland. He is the only one except Bentley who has been highly and equally eminent in Greek and Latin; and I believe that Bentley did him the honour, extravagant I admit, to be jealous of him.’No judgment of Markland's scholarship will be better founded than this, written by A.E.Housman in 1920. The surmise of Bentley's jealousy gives it special colour, but there is little record of what passed between the two men. In 1718 Markland, then a newly elected Fellow of Peterhouse, represented the Regent Masters when the Caput of the University voted to deprive Bentley of his degrees. It is not known whether Markland himself thought Bentley's conduct contumelious, and within a few years, when Markland published his first book, he was writing with proper deference to the age's greatest scholar.
Ovidius Prooemians
Authors: Kenney E. J. 
Published: April 2013

In noua fert animus mutatas dicere formascorpora:di, coeptis (nam uos mutastis et illa)adspirate meis primaque ab origine mundiad mea perpetuum deducite tempora carmen.illa P.Lejay ex Erfurtano Amploniano 1 saec. xii: illas codd.In spite of several valuable contributions to the understanding of this proem that have appeared in the last few years, it does not seem to me that modern exegesis has as yet taken all the points that Ovid has contrived to pack into it. This is an astonishingly brief introduction to an epos over 12,000 lines long; and that very brevity ought to put us on our guard. We should expect that not a word will be wasted; and with so little sea-room we should further expect that the reader, though he may be playfully tantalized, will not be actually misled. That was a risk Ovid could not afford to take. Unfortunately his editors have taken it for him by printing and justifying the nonsense which his copyists have made of the second verse of the poem. By so doing they have set a stumbling-block before the feet of the reader on the very threshold, just where the going should be smooth and the omens fair.
Ausoniana
Authors: Kenney E. J. , Diggle James 
Published: April 2013

1. talis Atlantiaco quondam ballaena profundocum uento motuue suo telluris ad oraspellitur.Mosella 144–6In his exceptionally flattering notice of The classical text (C.P. 71 (1976) 185–7) Professor Shackleton Bailey questions my approbation of what might be called Madvig's Principle: that the transmitted text must be demonstrably faulty before a critic ventures to emend it. His reservations are just; and this passage of the Mosella neatly exemplifies the point on which he puts his finger. I see no way of proving that Ausonius did not write what the manuscripts offer; yet I think it more than probable that ‘uento’ is a corruption due to the adjacent ablatives and that the original reading was the more exquisite and euphonious ‘uenti’. If so, we have a pleasingly recherché, though hardly obscure or difficult, instance of the ἀπὸ κοινοῦ construction: a hybrid, it would seem, of the two kinds discussed by Housman at Manil. 4. 726, that in which ‘substantiuum ad duo adiectiua pertinens secundo demum adiungitur’ and the slightly commoner sort in which ‘duorum genetiuorum medium nomen ponitur’. This is one of those cases in which one cannot possibly be sure that one is not, as even Heinsius was apt to do, offering to improve the author rather than his copyists, but–utrum in alterum abiturum? (There is, after all, something to be said on occasion for rules of thumb.)
Aristarchus or a Sophist?
Authors: Wilson N. G. 
Published: April 2013

Mr A.G.Lee's acute consideration of my remarks on the maxim (PCPS n.s.21 [1975] 63—4) arrives at an important conclusion. This maxim, one of the basic rules of ancient and, with suitable qualification, modern scholarship, was first formulated in the fifth century B.C. I should be happy to believe that he is right, and that credit for a valuable idea should be given to a sophist whose identity can no longer be ascertained (cf. Dr N.J.Richardson, ibid., 65ff.). My reason for venturing to raise the matter again is a feeling that the premisses of his argument are not quite beyond dispute.In discussing the anecdote about Agathon Mr Lee says that the use of the verb is surprising, since would be expected. Perhaps I am insensitive to nuance, but I confess to being unable to follow him at this point. ‘To cause to disappear’ seems to me at least as good as ‘to strip’ in the context of the anecdote. Certainly LSJ suggest that the verb is common in several closely related senses in Attic authors of the classical period.
The text of Marcus Cetius Faventinus
Authors: Plommer Hugh 
Published: April 2013

Some reviewers of my little book, Vitruvius and later Roman building manuals (VLMB), express the wish that I had produced my own text of the Treatise De Diversis Fabricis Architectonicae, which can now be assigned to Marcus Cetius Faventinus, instead of just reprinting the text given by Valentin Rose in his Editio Major of Vitruvius (Leipzig 1867).On the whole, I agree with them; and having learnt about the texts of Vitruvius and Faventinus, I feel I can briefly list the handful of alterations that I would now make in the latter. The list is so short, that perhaps it could be pasted on an endpaper of my booklet.Since 1867, as I noted, the only direct addition to our knowledge of the little treatise has come from the manuscript S, discovered at Schlettstadt in Alsace in 1871 and now put in its proper place among Vitruvian manuscripts as a fairly late copy of the text that served also as the archetype for H and for the common source (also vanished) of E and G. S not only gives us the name of the author – the only known manuscript to do so – but also the only uncial text down to a point in the thirteenth chapter corresponding to p.298, line 19 of Rose. All the manuscripts of Faventinus known to Rose in 1867 were, by contrast, in minuscule.
Further notes on the ‘Heraclidae’ of Euripides
Authors: Diggle James 
Published: April 2013

15-16 φεύγομεν δ᾿ ἀλώμενοιἄλλην ἀπ᾿ ἄλληϲ ἐξορίζοντεϲ πόλινThe children of Heracles are roaming from city to city in search of refuge. But every city which at first admits them soon yields to the threats of their pursuer Eurystheus and sends them on their way. ‘We wander in exile,’ says Iolaus, ‘from city to city, ἐξορίζοντεϲ. But ἐξορίζειν is a transitive verb, ‘send beyond the frontier, banish’ (LSJ), and so cannot, according to its normal use, have the Heraclidae as its subject. Normal use is illustrated by 257 ϲὺ δ᾿ ἐξόριζε κἆιτ᾿ ἐκεῖθεν ἄξομεν (‘you send them beyond the frontier and we shall take them from there’). LSJ create a special intransitive meaning for the present passage (‘c. acc. loci only …passfrom one [city] to another’), just as they do for ὁρίζειν in a passage which Elmsley and others have compared with ours,Med.433 (‘pass between or through’), though the verb there has its ordinary meaning, as both Pearson (here) and Page (ad loc.) show.
Paradox in Plato's ‘Phaedrus’
Authors: Mackenzie Mary Margaret 
Published: April 2013

A paradox is like a pun. It is also like a Delphic oracle. For in all three cases, we escape puzzlement, or spoil the joke, when we interpret, when we follow the tracks of the words and disentangle their meaning. So paradoxes are about words - either about the relation between one word and another, or about the relation between words and the world; and the punch of the paradox is delivered by its verbal content. Thus it is characteristic of a good paradox that its verbal content is vicious: paradoxes are very often self-referential, such as ‘Please ignore this notice’.Paradoxes may be classified according to two main types. Firstly, there are the innocuous paradoxes which tell - or point the way to - a surprising truth. The Socratic Paradoxes, for example, are paradoxical because to say ‘No-one does wrong willingly’ is to contradict the phenomena. But deeper reflection upon Socrates' moral psychology and his account of the good life, might make us concede the truth of his dictum. Certainly it is Socrates' view that we all hold beliefs that entail his thesis. Similarly Heracleitus tells the truth that we cannot step into the same (in all respects) river twice; although if we concede that the waters may flow without damaging the identity of the river, what he says is false. Thus ordinary paradoxes tend to have two faces - their initial, paradoxical one, where they appear false, and their truth, apparent upon reflection.
Three and scene-painting Sophocles
Authors: Brown A. L. 
Published: April 2013

I wish to argue, firstly, that the words τρεῖς δὲ καὶ σκηνογραφίαν Σοφοκλῆς atPoetics1449a18-19 were not written by Aristotle; secondly that Sophocles is unlikely to have used scene-painting in our sense of the term. These two propositions are not interdependent, but do lend support to one another.IThe deletion of τρεῖς δὲ καὶ σκηνογραφίαν Σοφοκλῆς was first proposed by G. F. Else. Few scholars have taken the deletion seriously (it is ignored in Lucas's edition), though it is cautiously revived by O. Taplin, who remarks that Else ‘brackets the words for a mixture of good and bad reasons’. That is my view also, but I believe that the bad reasons can be replaced with better ones.A complicating factor is that Else also brackets the words that follow, from ἔτι δὲ τὸ μέγεθος to ἀπεσεμνύνθη, though he regards this as a largely separate issue. He may be right in this latter deletion; the difficulty of reconciling the development of tragedy ἐκ σατυρικοῦ with what Aristotle says elsewhere is certainly real enough.
Two conjectures
Authors: Heyworth Stephen 
Published: April 2013

Horace, Carm. 1.12.33-40:Romulum post hos prius an quietumPompili regnum memorem ac superbosTarquini fascis dubito an Catonis nobile letum. 35Regulum et Scauros animaeque magnaeprodigum Paulum superante Poenogratus insigni referam CamenaFabriciumque. 4034 ac Hamacher an codd. 35 anne Curti Bentley35-7 catenis nobilitatum Regulum HamacherThere seems little point in rehearsing at length the arguments of Bentley, Housman (CP 94-6), and others: Cato has no place amongst the ancient kings of Rome. Nisbet and Hubbard make a case for Horatian eulogy of the republican, but not for the gross disruption of Horace's poetic history. They incline towards emendation. However, Hamacher's conjecture is rejected because it ‘disrupts the pattern of three-stanza groups and substitutes a clumsy and artificial phrase for what is crisp and incisive’, and Bentley's ‘more plausible’ suggestion because ‘nobile letum is so applicable to Cato's suicide’.
Homer's Reader: A reading of George Seferis
Authors: Padel Ruth 
Published: April 2013

The reader I have in mind is a poet. My immediate interest is the example he provides of a writer's relationship with her or his reading. My aim is double: to suggest both that Homer illuminates the work of the later poet and that the later poetry can function as an interpretation of Homer which offers even to a scholar valuable ways of reading the epics, especially the Odyssey. Accordingly, I shall usually offer translations both of the modern and of the ancient Greek, since not all classicists know modern Greek intimately and those who study modern Greek do not always know the ancient language well.Let us begin by reading one of Seferis' best-known poems. He wrote it in the Thirties and many contemporary poetic influences, both French and English, are at work in it. But I want to read it now from a special perspective, which I shall argue was crucial to Seferis through all his work. I shall read it as a search for a significant but bearable relationship in his own poetry with Homer and, through Homer, with the whole ancient poetic tradition.
Ptolemaios and the ‘Lighthouse’: Greek culture in the Memphite Serapeum
Authors: Thompson Dorothy J. 
Published: April 2013

‘Lord Proteus: the saviour of the Hellenes, this watchman of Pharos, was built by Sostratos, son of Dexiphanes, a Cnidian. In Egypt there are no mountain-peaks, as in the islands: but low lies the breakwater where ships may harbour. Therefore this tower, cleaving the sky straight and upright, shines in the daytime countless leagues away: and all night long the sailor who runs with the waves shall see a great light blazing from its summit. And he may run even to the Bull's horn, and yet not miss the god of safety, O Proteus, whosoever sails this way.’So, in Denys Page's translation, runs the contemporary commemoration by Poseidippos of Pella of the Pharos of Alexandria, the lighthouse which formed one of the wonders of the ancient world. So too, choosing as a continuing theme the most striking monuments of the new Ptolemaic regime in Egypt, the same poet commemorated the temple of Arsinoe-Aphrodite on Cape Zephyrion, east of the city ‘midway between the beach of Pharos and the mouth of Canopos’, whence the lock of Queen Berenike was soon to disappear.
Dialectal variation in republican Latin, with special reference to Praenestine
Authors: Coleman Robert 
Published: April 2013

1.1 Dialectical diversity is common to all languages. It comes about when groups of speakers of the same language become isolated from one another and from the conformist pressures of an administrative or cultural centre. The tendency to local change can be accelerated by the presence nearby of another language and the growth of bilingual interaction in settled conditions over several generations. Like linguistic change in general, dialectal diversity tends to be retarded by improved communications and a universal homogeneous education system.1.2 Modern dialect geographers go about their work with a questionnaire, a tape-recorder and a note-book, listing items of pronunciation, vocabulary, morphology and syntax that distinguish particular localities from one another. If their aim is not the purely linguistic one of establishing an underlying diasystem and the range of variation within it, but is more concerned with the sociological aspects of the linguistic data, then they will plot the dialectical variations against the ‘standard’ language, viz. the dialect which because of its association with an administrative or cultural capital has in an elaborated and artificial form acquired prestige and dominance throughout the whole speech community. If researchers find that their information is incomplete, they can simply return to the field with further questions.
Treaties and alliances in the world of Thucydides
Authors: Herman Gabriel 
Published: April 2013

An ambassador is an honest man sent to lie abroad for the good of his country. [Sir Henry Wotton (Seventeenth century).]A seemingly straightforward passage in Thucydides' history offers a good point of departure for the elucidation of an ambiguity which bedevils ancient texts but has received little attention in modern research:After the disaster in the Sicel country (413 BC) the Syracusans gave up the idea of an immediate attack on the Athenians. Meanwhile Demosthenes and Eurymedon, now that their forces from Corcyra and from the mainland were ready, crossed the Ionian gulf with the whole of their expedition to the headland of Iapygia. Setting out from here, they put in at the Iapygian islands called the Choirades, and took on board 150 Iapygian javelin-throwers of the Messapian tribe. Then, after they had renewed an old friendship (ἀνανεωσάμενοί τινα παλαιὰν φιλίαν) with Artas, the local ruler who had provided the javelin-throwers, they went on and reached Metapontum in Italy. (Thuc. 7.33.3–4, adapted from the translation by Rex Warner, as are all quotations from Thucydides in this article)
The goddess ΕΥΛΑΒΕΙΑ and pseudo-Euripides in Euripides' Phoenissae
Authors: Willink C. W. 
Published: April 2013

Few, if any, Euripidean plays are altogether free from interpolation. The Phoenician Women, apart from the posthumous Iphigenia at Aulis, has incurred more suspicion than any other. No reputable scholar now doubts that this play contains numerous intrusive verses; and few would deny, though there is almost infinite room for disagreement in detail, that some of these intrusions are of passages rather than odd lines.More controversial, but also more important, are the related issues, whether it contains longer or otherwise structurally significant interpolations that affect the play's essential integrity; and (if so) whether in a purely additive way (so in principle still remediable by excision) or with an element of retractatio (not so remediable, the Urtext having been deliberately altered with some cutting to make way for new material).
New South Wales in Africa? The Convict Colonialism Debate in Imperial Germany
Authors: Fitzpatrick Matthew 
Published: April 2013

In 1852, the naturalist and writer Louisa Meredith observed in her book My Home in Tasmania: “I know of no place where greater order and decorum is observed by the motley crowds assembled on any public occasion than in this most shamefully slandered country: not even in an English country village can a lady walk alone with less fear of harm or insult than in this capital of Van Diemen's Land, commonly believed at home to be a pest-house, where every crime that can disgrace and degrade humanity stalks abroad with unblushing front.”Meredith's paean to life in the notorious Australian penal colony of Hobart was in stark contrast to her earlier, highly unfavourable account of colonial Sydney. It papered over the years of personal hardship she had endured in Australia, as well as avoiding mention of the racial warfare against Tasmania's Aborigines that had afforded her such a genteel European existence.Such intra-Australian complexities, however, were lost when Meredith's account was superimposed onto German debates about the desirability of penal colonies for Germany. Instead, Meredith's portrait of a cultivated city emerging from the most notorious penal colony in Australia was presented as proof that the deportation of criminals was an important dimension of the civilising mission of Europe in the extra-European world. It was also presented as a vindication of those in Germany who wished to rid Germany of its lumpen criminal class through deportation. The exact paragraph of Meredith's account cited above was quoted in German debates on deportation for almost half a century; first in 1859 by the jurist Franz von Holtzendorff, and thereafter by Friedrich Freund when advocating the establishment of a penal colony in the Preußische Jahrbücher in September 1895.
Introduction: Knowledge in the Making: Drawing and Writing as Research Techniques
Authors: Hoffmann Christoph , Wittmann Barbara 
Published: April 2013

ArgumentDrawing and writing number among the most widespread scientific practices of representation. Neither photography, graphic recording apparatuses, typewriters, nor digital word- and image-processing ever completely replaced drawing and writing by hand. The interaction of hand, paper, and pen indeed involves much more than simply recording or visualizing what was previously thought, observed, or imagined. Both writing and drawing have the power to translate concepts and observations into two-dimensional, manageable, reproducible objects. They help to develop research questions and they open up an interaction between the gathering of phenomena and the formation of theses. Related to the manifold studies of representational activities in the sciences and the humanities, this topical issue tries to refine our understanding of the capacities of drawing and writing as research techniques; i.e. as productive epistemic practices. In particular the contributions address three aspects: the material conditions and configurations of the “scene of drawing and writing,” the involved procedures of production, and the languages of inscription.
Diminishing returns in bovine tuberculosis control
Authors: HONE J. 
Published: April 2013

SUMMARYMycobacterium bovis causes bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in many mammals including cattle, deer and brushtail possum. The aim of this study was to estimate the strength of association, using model selection (AICc) regression analyses, between the proportion of cattle and farmed deer herds with bTB in New Zealand and annual costs of TB control, namely disease control in livestock, in wildlife or in a combination of the two. There was more support for curved (concave up) than linear models which related the proportion of cattle and farmed deer herds with bTB to the annual control costs. The curved, concave-up, best-fitting relationships showed diminishing returns with no positive asymptote and implied TB eradication is feasible in New Zealand.
School mobility and developmental outcomes in young adulthood
Authors: Herbers Janette E. , Reynolds Arthur J. , Chen Chin-Chih 
Published: April 2013

AbstractSchool mobility has been shown to increase the risk of poor achievement, behavior problems, grade retention, and high school dropout. Using data over 25 years from the Chicago Longitudinal Study, we investigated the unique risk of school moves on a variety of young adult outcomes including educational attainment, occupational prestige, depression symptoms, and criminal arrests. We also investigated how the timing of school mobility, whether earlier or later in the academic career, may differentially predict these outcomes over and above associated risks. Results indicate that students who experience more school changes between kindergarten and 12th grade are less likely to complete high school on time, complete fewer years of school, attain lower levels of occupational prestige, experience more symptoms of depression, and are more likely to be arrested as adults. Furthermore, the number of school moves predicted outcomes above and beyond associated risks such as residential mobility and family poverty. When timing of school mobility was examined, results indicated more negative outcomes associated with moves later in the grade school career, particularly between 4th and 8th grades.
Emotion recognition following early psychosocial deprivation
Authors: Nelson Charles A. , Westerlund Alissa , McDermott Jennifer Martin , Zeanah Charles H. , Fox Nathan A. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAn important function of the brain is to scan incoming sensory information for the presence of relevant signals and act on this information. For humans, the most salient signals are often social in nature, such as the identity and the emotional expression of the faces we encounter in our everyday lives. It can be argued that our survival as a species depends in large measure on these skills.