bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prograded foredunes of Western Australia's macro‐tidal coast – implications for Holocene sea‐level change and high‐energy wave impacts
Authors: Engel Max , May Simon Matthias , Scheffers Anja , Squire Peter , Pint Anna , Kelletat Dieter , Brückner Helmut 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe Holocene evolution of the Canning Coast of Western Australia has largely been overlooked so far mainly due to its remoteness and low population density. We report on new data from a sequence of foredunes inside the macro‐tidal Admiral Bay, 110 km southwest of Broome. Based on sediment cores, differential global positioning system (dGPS)‐based elevation transects, and stratigraphical analyses on outcrops of the relict foredunes, we aim at reconstructing Holocene coastal changes and relative sea levels (RSLs), as well as identifying and dating imprints of extreme‐wave events. Sedimentary analyses comprise the documentation of bedding structures, foraminiferal content and macrofaunal remains, grain size distribution, and organic matter. The chronological framework is based on 26 carbon‐14 accelerator mass spectrometry (14C‐AMS) datings.Marine flooding of the pre‐Holocene surface landward of the 2.5 km‐wide foredune barriers occurred 7400–7200 cal bp, when mangroves colonized the area. After only 200–400 years, a high‐energy inter‐tidal environment established and prevailed until c. 4000 cal bp, before turning into the present supralittoral mudflat. During that time, coastal regression led to beach progradation and the formation of aligned foredunes. Drivers of progradation were a stable RSL or gradual RSL fall after the mid‐Holocene and a positive sand budget. The foredunes overlie upper beach deposits located up to >2 m above the present upper beach level and provide evidence for a higher mid‐Holocene RSL. Discontinuous layers of coarse shells and sand are intercalated in the foredunes, indicating massive coastal flooding events. One such layer was traced over three dune ridges and dated to c. 1700–1550 cal bp. However, it seems that most tropical cyclones induce net erosion rather than deposition at aligned foredunes and thus, they are only suitable for reconstructing temporal variability if erosional features or sedimentation reliably tied to these events can be identified and dated accurately. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of husk and harvest time on carotenoid content and acceptability of roasted fresh cobs of orange maize hybrids
Authors: Alamu Oladeji E. , Menkir Abebe , Maziya‐Dixon Bussie , Olaofe Olorunfemi 
Published: October 2014

AbstractVitamin A deficiency (VAD) is a major public health problem in many developing countries. Orange maize is preferred as green maize and consumed roasted on the cob, especially in Nigeria. This research work was to evaluate the effects of harvest time and husk on the carotenoid contents and sensory properties of roasted orange maize hybrids. The results showed that husk (roasting forms) and harvesting time had significant effects (P ≤ 0.001) on the carotenoids and the sensory properties. There was general increase in β‐carotene and provitamin A (PVA) values as the harvesting time increases. The β‐carotene and PVA values for roasted orange maize hybrids with husk were higher than those for roasted without husk. Hybrid 5 had the highest β‐carotene concentration and PVA value at 27 days after pollination (DAP) and 34DAP when unprocessed and roasted without husk. This information can help researchers in choosing proper roasting methods to increase the retention of high levels of β‐carotene and PVA in orange maize that can be delivered to consumers through nutrition education.
Predictors of mortality for people aged over 65 years receiving mental health care for delirium in a South London Mental Health Trust, UK: a retrospective survival analysis
Authors: Ward Geoff , Perera Gayan , Stewart Robert 
Published: October 2014

BackgroundDelirium is a common phenomenon in older people. Using a large mental health care data resource, we investigated mortality rates and predictors of mortality following delirium in older people.MethodsThe South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust (SLAM) Clinical Record Interactive Search (CRIS) was used to retrieve anonymised data on patients known to mental health services who were over 65 years of age and received a diagnosis of delirium during a 3‐year period. Age‐standardised and gender‐standardised mortality rates (SMRs) were calculated, and predictors of survival were investigated considering demographic factors, health status rated on the Health of the National Outcome Scale (HoNOS), cognitive function and previous or contemporaneous diagnosed dementia.ResultsIn 974 patients with delirium, 1‐ and 3‐year mortality rates were 37.2 and 54.9% respectively, representing an SMR of 4.7 overall (95% CI: 4.3–5.1). SMR was 5.2 (95% CI: 4.6–5.7) for patients with delirium without prior dementia; SMR was 4.1 (95% CI: 3.6–4.7) for patients with dementia preceding delirium and 2.2 (2.0–2.5) excluding deaths within 6 months of the delirium diagnosis. Significant predictors of mortality in fully adjusted models were older age, male gender, white (compared with non‐white) ethnicity, and HoNOS subscales measuring physical ill‐health and functional impairment. No mortality associations were found with cognitive function, dementia, or psychological symptoms.ConclusionsIn people with delirium diagnosed by mental health services, mortality risk was high and predicted by demographic and physical health status rather than by cognitive function or psychological profile. © 2014 The Authors. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Increasing the saliency of behavior–consequence relations for children with autism who exhibit persistent errors
Authors: Fisher Wayne W. , Pawich Tamara L. , Dickes Nitasha , Paden Amber R. , Toussaint Karen 
Published: October 2014

Some children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) display persistent errors that are not responsive to commonly used prompting or error‐correction strategies; one possible reason for this is that the behavior–consequence relations are not readily discriminable (Davison & Nevin, 1999). In this study, we increased the discriminability of the behavior–consequence relations in conditional‐discrimination acquisition tasks for 3 children with ASD using schedule manipulations in concert with a unique visual display designed to increase the saliency of the differences between consequences in effect for correct responding and for errors. A multiple baseline design across participants was used to show that correct responding increased for all participants, and, after 1 or more exposures to the intervention, correct responding persisted to varying degrees across participants when the differential reinforcement baseline was reintroduced to assess maintenance. These findings suggest that increasing the saliency of behavior–consequence relations may help to increase correct responding in children with ASD who exhibit persistent errors.Video Slides
Microbiological changes, shelf life and identification of initial and spoilage microbiota of sea bream fillets stored under various conditions using 16S rRNA gene analysis
Authors: Parlapani Foteini F , Kormas Konstantinos Ar , Boziaris Ioannis S 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDSea bream fillets are one of the most important value‐added products of the seafood market. Fresh seafood spoils mainly owing to bacterial action. In this study an exploration of initial and spoilage microbiota of sea bream fillets stored under air and commercial modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) at 0 and 5 °C was conducted by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of isolates grown on plates. Sensory evaluation and enumeration of total viable counts and spoilage microorganisms were also conducted to determine shelf life and bacterial growth respectively.RESULTSDifferent temperatures and atmospheres affected growth and synthesis of spoilage microbiota as well as shelf life. Shelf life under air at 0 and 5 °C was 14 and 5 days respectively, while under MAP it was 20 and 8 days respectively. Initial microbiota were dominated by Pseudomonas fluorescens, Psychrobacter and Macrococcus caseolyticus. Different temperatures and atmospheres affected the synthesis of spoilage microbiota. At the end of shelf life, different phylotypes of Pseudomonas closely related to Pseudomonas fragi were found to dominate in most cases, while Pseudomonas veronii dominated in fillets under MAP at 0 °C. Furthermore, in fillets under MAP at 5 °C, new dominant species such as Carnobacterium maltaromaticum, Carnobacterium divergens and Vagococcus fluvialis were revealed.CONCLUSIONDifferent temperature and atmospheric conditions affected bacterial growth, shelf life and the synthesis of spoilage microbiota. Molecular identification revealed species and strains of microorganisms that have not been reported before for sea bream fillets stored under various conditions, thus providing valuable information regarding microbiological spoilage. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Red meat intake, insulin resistance, and markers of endothelial function among Iranian women
Authors: Barak Farzaneh , Falahi Ebrahim , Keshteli Ammar Hassanzadeh , Yazdannik Ahmadreza , Saneei Parvane , Esmaillzadeh Ahmad 
Published: October 2014

ScopeFew data, with conflicting findings, are available linking red meat consumption to indicators of insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction. This study aimed to investigate the association of red meat consumption with insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction among a sample of female nurses in Isfahan, Iran.Methods and resultsThis cross‐sectional study was carried out among 420 female nurses who were selected by a multistage cluster random sampling method. Usual dietary intakes were assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Red meat intake was calculated by summing up the consumption of all kinds of red meat in foods and processed meat in sausages and fast foods. To measure serum concentrations of adhesion molecules and glycemic indexes, a fasting blood sample was taken. After adjustment for potential confounders, high red meat intake was significantly associated with higher fasting plasma glucose, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, and lower quantitative insulin sensitivity check index. Although high red meat intake was significantly associated with higher serum insulin levels and lower homeostasis model assessment of beta‐cell function in the crude model, after controlling for BMI, the association was no longer significant. Red meat consumption was associated with high concentrations of E‐selectin, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (sVCAM‐1), and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (sICAM‐1) after adjustment for different potential confounders.ConclusionWe found that increased red meat intake was associated with high concentrations of plasma endothelial dysfunction biomarkers and abnormal glucose homeostasis among Iranian women. Prospective studies are required to confirm these findings.
Abnormal brain anatomical topological organization of the cognitive‐emotional and the frontoparietal circuitry in major depressive disorder
Authors: Qin Jiaolong , Wei Maobin , Liu Haiyan , Yan Rui , Luo Guoping , Yao Zhijian , Lu Qing 
Published: October 2014

PurposeDespite the increasing understanding of major depressive disorder (MDD) using neuroimaging techniques, the topological organization of anatomical networks underlying MDD remains unclear.MethodsThe topological organization of brain anatomical networks was explored using complex network approaches. Diffusion tensor image data of 29 MDD patients and 30 healthy controls were collected. Network metrics such as strength, efficiency, and centrality were computed after the construction of brain anatomical networks. Between‐group differences and correlations with clinical measurements were further explored.ResultsCompared with the healthy controls, MDD patients exhibited widely damaged information interactions in both cognitive‐emotional circuitry and frontoparietal circuitry. Moreover, the centralities in the right prefrontal cortex involving the right middle frontal gyrus and the right gyrus rectus were negatively correlated with the duration of disease. Additionally, the centrality in the right inferior frontal gyrus (triangular part) and the efficiency in the right superior frontal gyrus (orbital part) were both positively related to the depression severity.ConclusionThese findings suggest that altered connectivity involved in affective and cognitive processing procedures might contribute to the pathogenesis of MDD. Magn Reson Med 72:1397–1407, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Optimal partitions for first eigenvalues of the Laplace operator
Authors: Bozorgnia Farid 
Published: October 2014

Given a bounded open set , we present numerical approximations for two problems related to minimal partitioning of the first eigenvalues of the Dirichlet Laplacian. The first problem is about minimizing the sum of first eigenvalues of the Dirichlet Laplacian. This partitioning problem arises as a steady state of a reaction‐diffusion process.To do this, a new idea to approximate the second eigenfunction and second eigenvalue is presented. We use the qualitative properties of the minimization problem to construct a numerical algorithm to approximate optimal configurations. A rigorous analysis to show the convergence and the rate of convergence is given. Moreover, we discuss the numerical implementation of the resulting approach and present computational tests confirming the expected asymptotic behavior of optimal partitions with large numbers of partitions. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 31: 923–949, 2015
The molecular pathology of noroviruses
Authors: Karst Stephanie M , Zhu Shu , Goodfellow Ian G 
Published: October 2014

AbstractNorovirus infection in humans typically results in acute gastroenteritis but may also occur in many animal species. Noroviruses are recognized as one of the most common causes of acute gastroenteritis in the world, being responsible for almost 20% of all cases. Despite their prevalence and impact, our knowledge of the norovirus life cycle and the pathological processes associated with norovirus‐induced disease is limited. Whilst infection of the intestine is the norm, extraintestinal spread and associated pathologies have also been described. In addition, long‐term chronic infections are now recognized as a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the immunocompromised. This review aims to summarize the current state of knowledge with respect to norovirus pathology and the underlying mechanisms that have been characterized to date. Copyright © 2014 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An effective ECC‐based user access control scheme with attribute‐based encryption for wireless sensor networks
Authors: Chatterjee Santanu , Das Ashok Kumar 
Published: October 2014

AbstractFor critical applications, real‐time data access is essential from the nodes inside a wireless sensor network (WSN). Only the authorized users with unique access privilege should access the specific, but not all, sensing information gathered by the cluster heads in a hierarchical WSNs. Access rights for the correct information and resources for different services from the cluster heads to the genuine users can be provided with the help of efficient user access control mechanisms. In this paper, we propose a new user access control scheme with attribute‐based encryption using elliptic curve cryptography in hierarchical WSNs. In attribute‐based encryption, the ciphertexts are labeled with sets of attributes and secret keys of the users that are associated with their own access structures. The authorized users with the relevant set of attributes can able to decrypt the encrypted message coming from the cluster heads. Our scheme provides high security. Moreover, our scheme is efficient as compared with those for other existing user access control schemes. Through both the formal and informal security analysis, we show that our scheme has the ability to tolerate different known attacks required for a user access control designed for WSNs. Furthermore, we simulate our scheme for the formal security verification using the widely‐accepted automated validation of Internet security protocols and applications tool. The simulation results demonstrate that our scheme is secure. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhancing the performance and security against media‐access‐control table overflow vulnerability attacks
Authors: Tzang Yih‐Jou , Chang Hong‐Yi , Tzang Chih‐Hsuan 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA media‐access‐control (MAC) table of switches is used to store the MAC addresses of stations in a local area network (LAN) segment to enable frame forwarding. Each incoming frame is broadcast to all switch ports through a switch backplane when an MAC address is not registered in the MAC table. If an address is registered, the switch forwards the frame to the port connected to the destination host. An MAC table overflow (MTO) vulnerability attack causes the MAC table of all switches to overflow in an LAN segment, and all incoming frames are broadcast to every port in the switch. The attack degrades switch‐based LANs (each port of a switch comprises an individual operating domain and switch bandwidth) to bus‐based LANs (all ports are bounded to one operating domain and share a bandwidth similarly to a hub), causing information leakages and reducing the effective bandwidth; a virtual LAN configuration can reduce but not eliminate the associated damage. This paper presents the security effect of an MTO vulnerability attack, and a novel per‐port‐based MAC table design is proposed to solve this type of vulnerability. The experimental results indicate that the mechanism of the proposed design eliminates the damage caused by such attacks. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of response surface methodology (RSM) for optimization of cassava starch grafted polyDADMAC synthesis for cationic properties
Authors: Razali Mohd A. A. , Sanusi Nurhasikin , Ismail Hanafi , Othman Nadras , Ariffin Azlan 
Published: October 2014

AbstractResponse surface methodology was used to study the process optimization of cationic percentage through grafting diallyldimethylammonium chloride (DADMAC) into cassava starch. Based on Box–Behken design, quadratic models were developed to correlate the synthesis variables: concentration of DADMAC (A), concentration of initiator (B), and polymerization temperature (C), to the responses of cationic percentage (y). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the concentration of initiator was the most significant variable for the response. The optimum preparation conditions for starch grafted polyDADMAC were 14% cationic using 31 g DADMAC/10 g dry starch of concentration DADMAC, a polymerization temperature of 74°C, and 4.92 g cerric ammonium nitrate/10 mL of initiator concentration.
Effect of different drying methods on the physicochemical and functional properties of Dioscorea opposita Thunb. starch
Authors: Zhang Zhidan , Gao Wenyuan , Li Xia , Jiang Qianqian , Xia Yuzhuo , Wang Haiyang , Huang Luqi , Guo Lanping 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe effect of sulfur fumigation and freeze–drying on the physicochemical and functional properties of Dioscorea opposita Thunb. starch was investigated. Freeze–drying markedly decreased the AM content of starch from 16.68 to 8.59%. Both sulfur fumigation and freeze–drying decreased the protein content but obviously increased the water absorption capacity and swelling power. Sulfur fumigation significantly increased the solubility of starch. Retrogradation tests showed that Chinese yam starch had a poor stability of retrogradation in water, salty, sugar, and acidic medium, but a good stability in alkaline medium. SEM analysis showed that different drying methods had minor effects on the morphological properties of D. opposita cv. Ma starch. Although the pattern of D. opposita cv. Ma starch was C‐type and was not affected by drying methods, sulfur‐fumigation, and freeze–drying increased the crystalline degree of starches from 23.24 to 25.16% and 34.40%, respectively. A minor difference was found in the Fourier transform infrared spectra of native and treatment starches. After sulfur fumigation and freeze–drying, the peak gelatinization temperatures increased from 71.03 to 76.03°C and 83.07°C, respectively, whereas the gelatinization enthalpy and gelatinization range decreased.
Characterization of an acidophilic and thermostable α‐amylase from Alicyclobacillus sendaiensis NUST
Authors: Li Dali , Sheng Jiayuan , Yang Junfang , Yang Chengli , Zeng Zhen , Sheng Linli 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis paper describes the characterization of an acidophilic and thermostable α‐amylase from Alicyclobacillus sendaiensis NUST. The MW of this enzyme was estimated to be 56 kDa by SDS–PAGE. The enzyme was stable over a range of pH from 2.5 to 5.5 with an optimum around 3.5. Maximum activity of the α‐amylase was observed at pH 3.5 and 85°C in the presence of soluble starch as substrate. The enzyme activity was decreased by Mg2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Al3+, K+, Li+, Ag+, urea, EDTA, trichloroacetic acid and Tween 60 and inhibited by Hg2+, Ce2+ and SDS, whereas the activity was increased by Mn2+, DTT, and β‐mercaptoethanol. Ca2+and Fe2+ did not affect the enzyme activity.
Environmental friendly polysaccharide modification – rheological properties of oxidized starches water systems
Authors: Ptaszek Anna , Lukasiewicz Marcin , Bednarz Szczepan 
Published: October 2014

AbstractDetailed rheological studies were performed in order to characterize a new class of modified starches. The polysaccharide was oxidized in a paste using H2O2 coupled with sodium tungstate as a catalyst. Oxidation processes were carried out in microwave (µν) and conventional (Δ) conditions. Commercially oxidized starch (E1404) was used as a reference material. Further analysis covers the investigation on polysaccharides chains degradation as a key factor for rheological properties. Pasting properties of the new starches may have approximately 100 times lower viscosity. The viscosity of the paste does not depend on the heating method during the modification process (µν or Δ). According to that, it might be stated that pasting before modification is fundamental for the deep changes of rheological and osmotic properties detected for water solutions of oxidation products. The viscosity which increases with shear rate allows identifying all pastes as shear‐thickening systems. Additionally, microscopic analysis was performed (AFM) in order to link the mechanical properties and inner structure of pastes obtained from modified starches. Results obtained allow to conclude that the investigated protocols (oxidation in paste) guide to the new class of oxidized starches. The oxidation follows the strong degradation of the starch, which affects in mechanical properties. The obtained material cannot serve as a thickening agent in food technology, although its properties may lead to other application possibilities like ion exchange or chelating agent.