bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceptions of students working as library reference assistants at a University Library
Authors: Brenza Andrew , Kowalsky Michelle , Brush Denise 
Published: November 2015

Purpose– This paper aims to develop a better understanding of student worker perceptions of academic libraries in an effort to improve student worker training, position structure and, ultimately, their perceptions of the library. The value of student reference assistants extends well beyond the completion of assigned library tasks. Specifically, student reference assistants can be important community voices and advocates for academic libraries, spreading, by word-of-mouth, the kinds of library services available to students and their relevance to the academic community. Consequently, it is essential to gain an understanding of how student workers perceive the academic library as a result of their employment.Design/methodology/approach– This paper uses an informal, anonymous online survey of student reference assistants to gather information on student worker perceptions of the library. Questions focus on student workers’ understanding of library services and resources as well as on the library’s mission and purpose. An analysis of student responses is provided in light of four “ideal” perceptions which the librarians hold for all students.Findings– Overall, student worker responses to the survey generally aligned with the ideal perceptions. However, misalignments suggest the need for training that focuses on the development of a broader understanding of the library’s role in the academic community.Practical implications– The paper can help academic librarians gain insight on how student workers understand the role of the library within the larger academic community and how positive student worker perceptions can be leveraged for outreach purposes.Originality/value– This paper examines an important aspect of student worker perception that has generally been overlooked in the literature.
Antimicrobial Effect of Malpighia Punicifolia and Extension of Water Buffalo Steak Shelf‐Life
Authors: Tremonte Patrizio , Sorrentino Elena , Succi Mariantonietta , Tipaldi Luca , Pannella Gianfranco , Ibañez Eléna , Mendiola Jose Antonio , Di Renzo Tiziana , Reale Anna , Coppola Raffaele 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIn the present study, a multiple approach was used to characterize Malpighia punicifolia extract and to evaluate its inhibitory activity against several meat spoilage bacteria. First, volatile fraction, vitamins and phenolic compounds of the extract obtained by supercritical fluid extraction were determined by GC‐MS and HPLC. Then, the antimicrobial action of the extract was in vitro evaluated against Pseudomonas putida DSMZ 291T, Pseudomonas fluorescens DSMZ 50009T, Pseudomonas fragi DSMZ 3456T, and Brochothrix thermosphacta DSMZ 20171T by the agar well diffusion assay and by the agar dilution test. Based on the results of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against the assayed bacteria, 4 different concentrations of the extract were used in a challenge test on water buffalo steaks stored for 21 d at 4 °C. Results of chemical analyses showed that M. punicifolia extract is characterized by the presence of several compounds, already described for their antimicrobial (phenolic acids, flavonones, and furanes) and antioxidant (ascorbic acid) properties. The in vitro detection of antimicrobial activities highlighted that the extract, used at 8% concentration, was able to inhibit all the target bacteria. Moreover, very low MIC values (up to 0.025%) were detected. In situ tests, performed on water buffalo steaks treated with the extract in the concentration range 0.025% to 0.05%, showed a strong inhibition of both intentionally inoculated bacteria and naturally occurring microorganisms. Positive results, in terms of color and odor, were also observed during the entire storage of steaks preserved with the extract.
Inhibitory Effect of Cinnamaldehyde, Citral, and Eugenol on Aflatoxin Biosynthetic Gene Expression and Aflatoxin B1 Biosynthesis in Aspergillus flavus
Authors: Liang Dandan , Xing Fuguo , Selvaraj Jonathan Nimal , Liu Xiao , Wang Limin , Hua Huijuan , Zhou Lu , Zhao Yueju , Wang Yan , Liu Yang 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIn order to reveal the inhibitory effects of cinnamaldehyde, citral, and eugenol on aflatoxin biosynthesis, the expression levels of 5 key aflatoxin biosynthetic genes were evaluated by real‐time PCR. Aspergillus flavus growth and AFB1 production were completely inhibited by 0.80 mmol/L of cinnamaldehyde and 2.80 mmol/L of citral. However, at lower concentration, cinnamaldehyde (0.40 mmol/L), eugenol (0.80 mmol/L), and citral (0.56 mmol/L) significantly reduced AFB1 production with inhibition rate of 68.9%, 95.4%, and 41.8%, respectively, while no effect on fungal growth. Real‐time PCR showed that the expressions of aflR, aflT, aflD, aflM, and aflP were down‐regulated by cinnamaldehyde (0.40 mmol/L), eugenol (0.80 mmol/L), and citral (0.56 mmol/L). In the presence of cinnamaldehyde, AflM was highly down‐regulated (average of 5963 folds), followed by aflP, aflR, aflD, and aflT with the average folds of 55, 18, 6.5, and 5.8, respectively. With 0.80 mmol/L of eugenol, aflP was highly down‐regulated (average of 2061‐folds), followed by aflM, aflR, aflD, and aflT with average of 138‐, 15‐, 5.2‐, and 4.8‐folds reduction, respectively. With 0.56 mmol/L of citral, aflT was completely inhibited, followed by aflM, aflP, aflR, and aflD with average of 257‐, 29‐, 3.5‐, and 2.5‐folds reduction, respectively. These results suggest that the reduction in AFB1 production by cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, and citral at low concentration may be due to the down‐regulations of the transcription level of aflatoxin biosynthetic genes. Cinnamaldehyde and eugenol may be employed successfully as a good candidate in controlling of toxigenic fungi and subsequently contamination with aflatoxins in practice.
Reinvigorating International Climate Policy: A Comprehensive Framework for Effective Nonstate Action
Authors: Chan Sander , van Asselt Harro , Hale Thomas , Abbott Kenneth W. , Beisheim Marianne , Hoffmann Matthew , Guy Brendan , Höhne Niklas , Hsu Angel , Pattberg Philipp , Pauw Pieter , Ramstein Céline , Widerberg Oscar 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAs countries negotiate a new climate agreement for the United Nations climate conference in December 2015, a groundswell of climate actions is emerging as cities, regions, businesses and civil society groups act on mitigation and adaptation, independently, with each other and with national governments and international organizations. The Paris conference provides a historic opportunity to establish a framework to catalyse, support, and steer these initiatives. Without such a framework, ‘bottom‐up’ climate governance runs the risk of failing to deliver meaningful results. Social science research highlights the need for a comprehensive approach that promotes ambition, experimentation and accountability, and avoids unnecessary overlaps. This article specifies functions and design principles for a new, comprehensive framework for sub‐ and nonstate climate actions that could provide effective coordination.
Impact of Current Climate Proposals
Authors: Lomborg Bjorn 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis article investigates the temperature reduction impact of major climate policy proposals implemented by 2030, using the standard MAGICC climate model. Even optimistically assuming that promised emission cuts are maintained throughout the century, the impacts are generally small. The impact of the US Clean Power Plan (USCPP) is a reduction in temperature rise by 0.013°C by 2100. The full US promise for the COP21 climate conference in Paris, its so‐called Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) will reduce temperature rise by 0.031°C. The EU 20‐20 policy has an impact of 0.026°C, the EU INDC 0.053°C, and China INDC 0.048°C. All climate policies by the US, China, the EU and the rest of the world, implemented from the early 2000s to 2030 and sustained through the century will likely reduce global temperature rise about 0.17°C in 2100. These impact estimates are robust to different calibrations of climate sensitivity, carbon cycling and different climate scenarios. Current climate policy promises will do little to stabilize the climate and their impact will be undetectable for many decades.
Ontological modelling and rule‐based reasoning for the provision of personalized patient education
Authors: Quinn Susan , Bond Raymond , Nugent Chris 
Published: November 2015

AbstractCurrent approaches to patient education provide generic standardized materials to all patients regardless of their demographics such as age and cognitive abilities. Thus, the effectiveness of this approach may suffer from a patient's motivation to fully engage with the material. To alleviate these concerns, this study proposes a personalized approach to patient education that is tailored to the individual characteristics and health objectives of the patient. Personalized features will enhance the comprehensibility and usability of the process of medical education. Taking this into consideration, this paper introduces a conceptual architecture to create a web‐based personalized patient education experience. A key component of this architecture comprises ontological models of the patient themselves, their medical conditions, physical activities and their educational attainments. Furthermore, rule‐based reasoning is also proposed to achieve this personalization. A use case scenario is provided to highlight the effectiveness of personalized education provision.
Developing critical awareness: the consequences of action and reflection for perceptions of group injustices
Authors: Turner‐Zwinkels Felicity M. , Postmes Tom , van Zomeren Martijn 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIndividuals often cannot address (objective) group injustices until they develop a (subjective) critical awareness of them. In three studies, we tested two potential psychological pathways toward critical awareness: Reflection (deductive, knowledge driven) and action (inductive, action driven) mindsets. Across studies, participants were exposed to an objectively unjust event, enacted by the experimenter. Based on a pilot study (N = 31) and first experiment (N = 28), we developed the hypothesis that action (vs. reflection) mindsets increase group entitativity (due to their reliance on expectancy effects), but not necessarily (subjective) critical awareness of (objective) group injustice. Study 2 (N = 121) confirmed this hypothesis. We discuss the difficulties of developing (subjective) critical awareness of (objective) group injustices.
Daylight photodynamic therapy with MAL cream for large‐scale photodamaged skin based on the concept of ‘actinic field damage’: recommendations of an international expert group
Authors: Philipp‐Dormston W.G. , Sanclemente G. , Torezan L. , Tretti Clementoni M. , Le Pillouer‐Prost A. , Cartier H. , Szeimies R.M. , Bjerring P. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractConventional PDT (c‐PDT) is a widely used and approved non‐invasive treatment for actinic keratosis (AK). Recent clinical, histological and immunohistochemical observations have shown that c‐PDT with methyl aminolevulinate (MAL) may also partially reverse the signs of photodamage. However, pain and the need for special light source equipment are limiting factors for its use, especially in the treatment of large areas. More recently, daylight PDT (DL‐PDT) has been shown to be similar to c‐PDT in the treatment of AK, nearly painless and more convenient to perform. To establish consensus on recommendations for the use of MAL DL‐PDT in patients with large‐scale photodamaged skin. The expert group was comprised of eight dermatologists. Consensus was developed based on the personal experience of the experts in c‐PDT and DL‐PDT, and results of an extensive literature review. MAL DL‐PDT for large areas of photodamaged skin was evaluated and recommendations based on broad clinical experience were provided. As supported by evidence‐based data from multicentre studies conducted in Australia and Europe, the authors defined the concept of ‘actinic field damage’ which refers to photodamage associated with actinic epidermal dysplasia, and provide comprehensive guidelines for the optimal use of DL‐PDT in the treatment of actinic field damage. The authors concluded that MAL DL‐PDT has a similar efficacy to c‐PDT at 3‐month (lesion complete response rate of 89% vs. 93% in the Australian study and 70% vs. 74% in the European study (95% C.I. = [−6.8;−0.3] and [−9.5;2.4] respectively) and 6‐month follow‐ups (97% maintenance of complete lesion response) in the treatment of AKs. The authors agree that DL‐PDT is not only efficacious but also nearly pain‐free and easy to perform, and therefore results in high patient acceptance especially for the treatment of areas of actinic field damage.
Er:YAG ablative fractional laser‐primed photodynamic therapy with methyl aminolevulinate as an alternative treatment option for patients with thin nodular basal cell carcinoma: 12‐month follow‐up results of a randomized, prospective, comparative trial
Authors: Choi S.H. , Kim K.H. , Song K.H. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundSurgical excision is conventionally regarded as the treatment of choice for nodular basal cell carcinoma (nBCC), and methyl aminolevulinate photodynamic therapy (MAL‐PDT) has relatively low efficacy for nBCC. However, Er:YAG ablative fractional laser (AFL)‐primed MAL‐PDT (Er:YAG AFL‐PDT) may offer enhanced efficacy for nBCC, especially thin nBCC (thickness ≤2 mm).ObjectiveWe compared Er:YAG AFL‐PDT with conventional MAL‐PDT for thin facial nBCC in Korean patients.MethodsThirty‐nine patients (42 lesions) with primary, histologically proven thin nBCCs were randomized to Er:YAG AFL‐PDT (single session, n = 20) or conventional MAL‐PDT (two sessions, 7 days apart, n = 19). Efficacy, recurrence rate, cosmetic outcomes and safety were assessed 1 week, 3 months and 12 months after the last treatment.ResultsThree months after the final treatment, overall complete response rates were 84.2% with Er:YAG AFL‐PDT and 50% with MAL‐PDT (P = 0.026). The recurrence rate was significantly lower with Er:YAG AFL‐PDT (6.3%) than with MAL‐PDT (55.6%) at 12 months (P = 0.006). Er:YAG AFL‐PDT and MAL‐PDT did not differ significantly with respect to cosmetic outcomes or safety.ConclusionsEr:YAG AFL‐PDT can be used as an alternative treatment option for patients who have thin nBCC and are not suitable for surgical treatment.
Adding value through pharmacy validation: a safety and cost perspective
Authors: Ibáñez‐Garcia Sara , Rodriguez‐Gonzalez Carmen Guadalupe , Martin‐Barbero Maria Luisa , Sanjurjo‐Saez Maria , Herranz‐Alonso Ana ,   iPharma
Published: November 2015

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesPrescribing errors (PE) are frequent, cause significant harm to patients and prove costly. Few studies demonstrate the impact of pharmacist interventions. The objectives of this study were to characterize the severity and cost of the potential outcome of PE that pharmacists can prevent and to develop an economic analysis.MethodWe performed a non‐randomized, prospective, observational study of all prescriptions made to adult patients admitted to a 1300‐bed tertiary teaching hospital in Madrid (Spain) by means of a computerized physician order entry tool combined with a clinical decision support system. We analysed PE intercepted through the pharmacist validation process between January and June 2013. An independent team determined the severity of the potential adverse drug event (ADE) and the probability of causing an ADE (PAE). We estimated the cost avoidance and performed an economic analysis. A kappa statistic was used to verify inter‐observer agreement.Results484 PE were intercepted: 36.2% of PE were classified as being of minor severity, 59.1% as moderate and 4.7% as serious. The most common type of moderate‐serious PE found was excessive dose (30%, 94/309), followed by insufficient dose (20%, 62/309), and omission (19%, 58/309). The most frequent families of drugs involved in moderate‐serious PE were antineoplastic agents (22.3%, 69/309) and antimicrobials (17.2%, 53/309). The PAE was higher than 40% in 49% of PE. We estimated a cost avoidance of €291,422 and a return on investment of €1.7 for each €1 spent on a pharmacist's salary. The overall inter‐rater agreement for the participants was moderate for severity (κ = 0.57; P <0.005) and strong for the PAE (κ = 0.77; P <0.005).ConclusionsPharmacists add important value in preventing PE, and their interventions are financially beneficial for the institution.
The use of mobile smart devices and medical apps in the family practice setting
Authors: Yaman Hakan , Yavuz Erdinç , Er Adem , Vural Ramazan , Albayrak Yalçin , Yardimci Ahmet , Asilkan Özcan 
Published: November 2015

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesIn this study smartphones/tablet PCs and medical application utilization by family physicians and factors concerning the acceptance of medical application in family practice setting have been studied.MethodsOne hundred seventy‐six participants voluntarily agreed to fill out a 27‐item questionnaire. Data were analysed with descriptive statistics and eight items (acceptability of utilization of applications) revealed Cronbach's alpha of 0.965 and the factor analysis showed one factor explaining 80.6% of total variance.ResultsThe mean age of respondents was 35.7 [standard deviation (SD) = 8.12; min–max = 24–52], 79 were male (45.9%) and 88 female (51.2%), 56 (32.5%) were single and 113 (65.7%) married, and the mean experience duration as a physician was 11.1 years (SD = 11.1; min–max = 1–28). One hundred sixty‐seven (97.1%) had a smartphone and/or tablet PC. Smartphone and/or tablet PC were used since 3.7 (SD = 2.17; min–max = 0–12) years. Sixty‐one (35.5%) felt that smartphone and/or tablet PC are very important, 92 (53.5%) important, 2 (1.2%) unimportant and 12 (7%) were undecided about this. One hundred eleven (64.5%) participants had a medical application on the smartphone and 66 (38.4%) on the tablet PC. They used 1.7 (SD = 2.04; min–max = 0–10) medical applications for 1.45 (SD = 2.53; min–max = 0–25) times on average. Eighty respondents (66.7%) used a medical application for any medical problem.ConclusionsAlmost all family physicians used smartphone and/or tablet PC during daily practice, and the reason of use was commonly for communication and Internet purposes. Usage during working hours was limited, but medical apps were perceived mainly positively for receiving medical information via Internet. Looking at the medical apps’ acceptability scale, participants were in agreement with the security, cost, contents’ quality, ease of use, support, ease of finding, ease of accessing and motivation to use medical applications.
Effect of age and sex on bone markers in Chlorocebus aethiops raised in captivity
Authors: Amaral Imbeloni Aline , Canevese Rahal Sheila , da Silva Filho Ednaldo , Mendonça Faria Bianca , Bandeira da Silva Wellington , Guimarães Oliveira Karol , Aihara Mika Ester , Barros Monteiro Frederico Ozanan 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe objective was to evaluate the procollagen type I N‐propeptide (PINP), osteocalcin (OC), β‐crosslaps (β‐CTX), and parathyroid hormone (PTH) in relation to age and sex of Chlorocebus aethiops in captivity.MethodsSeventy‐three monkeys were divided into four age groups: AG1 (juvenile); AG2 (young adult); AG3 (adult); and AG4 (senile). An electrochemiluminescence immunoassay with an Elecsys 2010 analyzer was used to determine the serum markers of bone.Results and conclusionsSex did not influence the results of the markers. However, the variables PINP, OC, and β‐CTX were negatively correlated with age (r = −0.643; r = −0.711; r = −0.488; P < 0.001, respectively), and PTH was correlated positively with age (r = 0.418, P < 0.001). The data obtained can be used as biomarkers of bone metabolism reference intervals in healthy C. aethiops in captivity.
A reappraisal of Cerebavis cenomanica (Aves, Ornithurae), from Melovatka, Russia
Authors: Walsh Stig A. , Milner Angela C. , Bourdon Estelle 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe evolution of the avian brain is of crucial importance to studies of the transition from non‐avian dinosaurs to modern birds, but very few avian fossils provide information on brain morphological development during the Mesozoic. An isolated specimen from the Cenomanian of Melovatka in Russia was described by Kurochkin and others as a fossilized brain, designated the holotype of Cerebavis cenomanica Kurochkin and Saveliev and tentatively referred to Enantiornithes. We have previously highlighted that this specimen is an incomplete skull, rendering the diagnostic characters invalid and Cerebavis cenomanica a nomen dubium. We provide here a revised diagnosis of Cerebavis cenomanica based on osteological characters, and a reconstruction of the endocranial morphology (= brain shape) based on μCT investigation of the braincase. Absence of temporal fenestrae indicates an ornithurine affinity for Cerebavis. The brain of this taxon was clearly closer to that of modern birds than to Archaeopteryx and does not represent a divergent evolutionary pathway as originally concluded by Kurochkin and others. No telencephalic wulst is present, suggesting that this advanced avian neurological feature was not recognizably developed 93 million years ago.
Durable efficacy of liraglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes and pronounced insulin‐associated weight gain: 52‐week results from the Effect of Liraglutide on insulin‐associated wEight GAiN in patients with Type 2 diabetes' (ELEGANT) randomized controlled trial
Authors: de Wit H. M. , Vervoort G. M. , Jansen H. J. , de Galan B. E. , Tack C. J. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundPronounced weight gain frequently complicates insulin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). We have previously reported that addition of liraglutide for 26 weeks can reverse insulin‐associated weight gain, decrease insulin dose and improve glycaemic control, as compared with continuation of standard insulin treatment.ObjectivesTo investigate whether the beneficial effects of liraglutide are sustained up to 52 weeks and whether similar effects could be obtained when liraglutide is added 6 months later.MethodsAdult T2DM patients with ≥4% weight gain within 16 months of insulin therapy completing the first 26‐week trial period of open‐label addition of liraglutide 1.8 mg day−1 (n = 26) versus continuation of standard insulin therapy (n = 24) were all treated with liraglutide for another 26 weeks. Results were analysed according to the intention‐to‐treat principle.ResultsOverall, 24 (92%) and 18 (75%) patients originally assigned to liraglutide and standard therapy, respectively, completed the study. Addition of liraglutide decreased body weight to a similar extend when given in the first 26 weeks (liraglutide group) or second 26 weeks (original standard therapy group): −4.4 vs. −4.3 kg (difference −0.32 kg, 95% confidence interval −2.2 to 1.6 kg; P = 0.74). Similar results were also seen in the two groups with regard to decrease in haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (−0.77 vs. −0.66%; P = 0.23) and insulin dose (−28 vs. −26 U day−1; P = 0.32). In both groups, 22% of patients could discontinue insulin. Continuation of liraglutide until 52 weeks led to sustained effects on body weight, HbA1c and insulin‐dose requirements.ConclusionIn T2DM patients with pronounced insulin‐associated weight gain, addition of liraglutide within 2 years leads to sustained reversal of body weight, improved glycaemic control and decrease in insulin dose. Thus, liraglutide offers a valuable therapeutic option.