bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Permafrost conditions in peatlands regulate magnitude, timing, and chemical composition of catchment dissolved organic carbon export
Authors: Olefeldt David , Roulet Nigel T. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractPermafrost thaw in peatlands has the potential to alter catchment export of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and thus influence downstream aquatic C cycling. Subarctic peatlands are often mosaics of different peatland types, where permafrost conditions regulate the hydrological setting of each type. We show that hydrological setting is key to observed differences in magnitude, timing, and chemical composition of DOC export between permafrost and nonpermafrost peatland types, and that these differences influence the export of DOC of larger catchments even when peatlands are minor catchment components. In many aspects, DOC export from a studied peatland permafrost plateau was similar to that of a forested upland catchment. Similarities included low annual export (2–3 g C m−2) dominated by the snow melt period (~70%), and how substantial DOC export following storms required wet antecedent conditions. Conversely, nonpermafrost fens had higher DOC export (7 g C m−2), resulting from sustained hydrological connectivity during summer. Chemical composition of catchment DOC export arose from the mixing of highly aromatic DOC from organic soils from permafrost plateau soil water and upland forest surface horizons with nonaromatic DOC from mineral soil groundwater, but was further modulated by fens. Increasing aromaticity from fen inflow to outlet was substantial and depended on both water residence time and water temperature. The role of fens as catchment biogeochemical hotspots was further emphasized by their capacity for sulfate retention. As a result of fen characteristics, a 4% fen cover in a mixed catchment was responsible for 34% higher DOC export, 50% higher DOC concentrations and ~10% higher DOC aromaticity at the catchment outlet during summer compared to a nonpeatland upland catchment. Expansion of fens due to thaw thus has potential to influence landscape C cycling by increasing fen capacity to act as biogeochemical hotspots, amplifying aquatic C cycling, and increasing catchment DOC export.
Elevated atmospheric CO2 stimulates soil fungal diversity through increased fine root production in a semiarid shrubland ecosystem
Authors: Lipson David A. , Kuske Cheryl R. , Gallegos‐Graves La Verne , Oechel Walter C. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractSoil fungal communities are likely to be central in mediating microbial feedbacks to climate change through their effects on soil carbon (C) storage, nutrient cycling, and plant health. Plants often produce increased fine root biomass in response to elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), but the responses of soil microbial communities are variable and uncertain, particularly in terms of species diversity. In this study, we describe the responses of the soil fungal community to free air CO2 enrichment (FACE) in a semiarid chaparral shrubland in Southern California (dominated by Adenomstoma fasciculatum) using large subunit rRNA gene sequencing. Community composition varied greatly over the landscape and responses to FACE were subtle, involving a few specific groups. Increased frequency of Sordariomycetes and Leotiomycetes, the latter including the Helotiales, a group that includes many dark septate endophytes known to associate positively with roots, was observed in the FACE plots. Fungal diversity, both in terms of richness and evenness, increased consistently in the FACE treatment, and was relatively high compared to other studies that used similar methods. Increases in diversity were observed across multiple phylogenetic levels, from genus to class, and were distributed broadly across fungal lineages. Diversity was also higher in samples collected close to (5 cm) plants compared to samples in canopy gaps (30 cm away from plants). Fungal biomass correlated well with soil organic matter (SOM) content, but patterns of diversity were correlated with fine root production rather than SOM. We conclude that the fungal community in this ecosystem is tightly linked to plant fine root production, and that future changes in the fungal community in response to elevated CO2 and other climatic changes will be primarily driven by changes in plant belowground allocation. Potential feedbacks mediated by soil fungi, such as soil C sequestration, nutrient cycling, and pathogenesis, are discussed.
Unexpected role of winter precipitation in determining heat requirement for spring vegetation green‐up at northern middle and high latitudes
Authors: Fu Yongshuo H , Piao Shilong , Zhao Hongfang , Jeong Su‐Jong , Wang Xuhui , Vitasse Yann , Ciais Philippe , Janssens Ivan A 
Published: April 2014

AbstractHeat requirement, expressed in growing degree days (GDD), is a widely used method to assess and predict the effect of temperature on plant development. Until recently, the analysis of spatial patterns of GDD requirement for spring vegetation green‐up onset was limited to local and regional scales, mainly because of the sparse and aggregated spatial availability of ground phenology data. Taking advantage of the large temporal and spatial scales of remote sensing‐based green‐up onset data, we studied the spatial patterns of GDD requirement for vegetation green‐up at northern middle and high latitudes. We further explored the correlations between GDD requirement for vegetation green‐up and previous winter season chilling temperatures and precipitation, using spatial partial correlations. We showed that GDD requirement for vegetation green‐up onset declines towards the north at a mean rate of 18.8 °C‐days per degree latitude between 35°N and 70°N, and vary significantly among different vegetation types. Our results confirmed that the GDD requirement for vegetation green‐up is negatively correlated with previous winter chilling, which was defined as the number of chilling days from the day when the land surface froze in the previous autumn to the day of green‐up onset. This negative correlation is a well‐known phenomenon from local studies. Interestingly, irrespective of the vegetation type, we also found a positive correlation between the GDD requirement and previous winter season precipitation, which was defined as the sum of the precipitation of the month when green‐up onset occur and the precipitation that occurred during the previous 2 months. Our study suggests that GDD requirement, chilling and precipitation may have complex interactions in their effects on spring vegetation green‐up phenology. These findings have important implications for improving phenology models and could therefore advance our understanding of the interplay between spring phenology and carbon fluxes.
Carbon debt repayment or carbon sequestration parity? Lessons from a forest bioenergy case study in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Ter‐Mikaelian Michael T. , Colombo Stephen J. , Lovekin Dave , McKechnie Jon , Reynolds Rick , Titus Brian , Laurin Emil , Chapman Anne‐Marie , Chen Jiaxin , MacLean Heather L. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractForest bioenergy can contribute to climate change mitigation by reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with energy production. We assessed changes in GHG emissions resulting from displacement of coal with wood pellets for the Atikokan Generating Station located in Northwestern Ontario, Canada. Two contrasting biomass sources were considered for continuous wood pellet production: harvest residue from current harvest operations (residue scenario) and fibre from expanded harvest of standing live trees (stemwood scenario). For the stemwood scenario, two metrics were used to assess the effects of displacing coal with forest biomass on GHG emissions: (i) time to carbon sequestration parity, defined as the time from the beginning of harvest to when the combined GHG benefit of displacing coal with biomass and the amount of carbon in regenerating forest equalled the amount of forest carbon without harvest for energy production; and (ii) time to carbon debt repayment, defined as the time from the beginning of harvest to when the combined GHG benefit of displacing coal with biomass and the amount of carbon in the regenerating forest equalled forest carbon at the time of harvest. Only time to carbon sequestration parity was used for the residue scenario. In the residue scenario, carbon sequestration parity was achieved within 1 year. In the stemwood scenario, times to carbon sequestration parity and carbon debt repayment were 91 and 112 years, respectively. Sensitivity analysis showed that estimates were robust when parameter values were varied. Modelling experiments showed that increasing growth rates for regenerating stands in the stemwood scenario could substantially reduce time to carbon sequestration parity. We discuss the use of the two metrics (time to carbon sequestration parity and time to carbon debt repayment) for assessing the effects of forest bioenergy projects on GHG emissions and make recommendations on terminology and methodologies for forest bioenergy studies.
A comparison of searching the Cochrane library databases via CRD, Ovid and Wiley: implications for systematic searching and information services
Authors: Craven Jenny , Jefferies Jayne , Kendrick Jenny , Nicholls Dave , Boynton Janette , Frankish Ruth 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe Cochrane Library databases are available via different interfaces; evidence in the literature, together with anecdotal evidence, shows interfaces perform differently. To ensure the quality of searches, a study was undertaken to systematically explore the functionality of interfaces.ObjectivesTo demonstrate differences in functionality when searching the same databases across different interfaces; to discuss the implications this may have on searching; and in a wider context, to suggest a ‘best match’ for comparable searching.MethodsDetailed cross‐comparisons of a selection of search functions including MeSH terms, free text, proximity operators and truncation were undertaken in databases accessed via CRD, Wiley and Ovid. Up to three terms per function were selected and analysed.ResultsDifferences were identified in the way searches for MeSH headings are executed, which fields are searched, how proximity operators perform, the word order searched and where terms are searched. This adds to a body of evidence demonstrating a lack of consistency in searching across different interfaces.ConclusionsA ‘best match’ for comparable searching is suggested. Differences between interfaces offering the same database content can have implications for the success of a search, on user education, and on database evaluation and purchasing decisions.
International trends in health science librarianship Part 9: the UK – Scotland and Wales
Authors: Wales Ann , Bruch Sarah , Foster Wendy , Gorman Meg , Peters Janet 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis is the 9th in a series of articles exploring international trends in health science librarianship. The previous article in this series looked at Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. In this issue the focus is Scotland and Wales. There will be three or four more articles this year tracking trends in the Far East, Africa, South Asia and the Middle East.JM
Nursing staff connect libraries with improving patient care but not with achieving organisational objectives: a grounded theory approach
Authors: Chamberlain David , Brook Richard 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackgroundHealth organisations are often driven by specific targets defined by mission statements, aims and objectives to improve patient care. Health libraries need to demonstrate that they contribute to organisational objectives, but it is not clear how nurses view that contribution.ObjectivesTo investigate ward nursing staff motivations, their awareness of ward and organisational objectives; and their attitudes towards the contribution of health library services to improving patient care.MethodQualitative research using focus group data was combined with content analysis of literature evidence and library statistics (quantitative data). Data were analysed using thematic coding, divided into five group themes: understanding of Trust, Ward and Personal objectives, use of Library, use of other information sources, quality and Issues. Four basic social‐psychological processes were then developed.ResultsBehaviour indicates low awareness of organisational objectives despite patient‐centric motivation. High awareness of library services is shown with some connection made by ward staff between improved knowledge and improved patient care.ConclusionThere was a two‐tiered understanding of ward objectives and library services, based on level of seniority. However, evidence‐based culture needs to be intrinsic in the organisation before all staff benefit. Libraries can actively engage in this at ward and board level and improve patient care by supporting organisational objectives.
A checklist to assess database‐hosting platforms for designing and running searches for systematic reviews
Authors: Bethel Alison , Rogers Morwenna 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackgroundSystematic reviews require literature searches that are precise, sensitive and often complex. Database‐hosting platforms need to facilitate this type of searching in order to minimise errors and the risk of bias in the results.ObjectivesThe main objective of the study was to create a generic checklist of criteria to assess the ability of host platforms to cope with complex searching, for example, for systematic reviews, and to test the checklist against three host platforms (EBSCOhost, OvidSP and ProQuest).MethodThe checklist was developed as usual review work was carried out and through discussion between the two authors. Attributes on the checklist were designated as ‘desirable’ or ‘essential’. The authors tested the checklist independently against three host platforms and graded their performance from 1 (insufficient) to 3 (performs well).ResultsFifty‐five desirable or essential attributes were identified for the checklist. None of the platforms performed well for all of the attributes on the checklist.ConclusionsNot all database‐hosting platforms are designed for complex searching. Librarians and other decision‐makers who work in health research settings need to be aware of the different limitations of host platforms for complex searching when they are making purchasing decisions or training others.
Outreach services in healthcare libraries: perceptions and impacts
Authors: Dorset Rebecca 
Published: April 2014

AbstractOutreach services are becoming more prevalent throughout the health library sector both in the UK and abroad, and they have the potential to impact on information support for evidence‐based medicine. This article reports on a study which explored the perceptions of UK health library staff about the term ‘outreach’ and demonstrated that a variety of services are being offered under this umbrella term. Whilst practitioners are also divided over the impact of outreach services, many of them see this as key to future service developments. The study was completed by Rebecca Dorsett as part of her MSc in Information and Library Management at Northumbria University. She was supervised by Sue Childs and graduated in 2012 with a Distinction. Rebecca is now due to commence a new role as Information Support Officer for the Ministry of Defence.AM
Research trends in teens’ health information behaviour: a review of the literature
Authors: Kim Sung Un , Syn Sue Yeon 
Published: April 2014

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to examine trends in studies of teens’ health information behaviour.MethodsEighty‐two articles published between 2000 and 2012 were selected and analysed in various aspects: health topics by year, information sources, data collection methods, use of theories and models, collaborative and interdisciplinary efforts and published journals.ResultsFifty‐seven per cent of the studies focused on specific health topics, such as sexual health, while the rest covered general health topics. Almost half of the studies examined how teens search for and use health information on the Internet. Surveys were the most popular data collection technique. Only 12.2% were based on a theory or model. About 42% were conducted collaboratively by authors from multiple disciplines.Discussion and ConclusionsWith the increasing attention to specific health topics and online resources, the health information behaviour of teens has been examined more frequently since the mid‐2000s. Its interdisciplinary nature was evidently shown from various disciplines that the authors were affiliated with and the journals of the published studies represented. This study suggests that there should be efforts to reflect new technology tools, apply mixed methods and increase the engagement level of collaboration to evolve this research domain.
Influence of pH, concentration of sodium lactate as an additive and ultrasonic treatment on synthesis of zinc phosphate white pigments
Authors: Onoda H. , Haruki M. , Toyama T. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryZinc oxide that has the photocatalytic activity is used as a white pigment for cosmetics. A certain degree of sebum on the skin is decomposed by the ultraviolet radiation in sunlight. In this work, zinc phosphates were prepared from zinc nitrate and phosphoric acid at pH 5 and 7 with and without the addition of sodium lactate and ultrasonic treatment as a novel white pigment for use in cosmetics. The chemical composition, powder properties, photocatalytic activity, colour phase, moisture retention and smoothness of the zinc phosphates were studied. The obtained materials had a Zn/P ratio of about 1.5, which corresponds to zinc orthophosphate Zn3(PO4)2. Samples prepared with ultrasonic treatment indicated the high ratios of large particles in scanning electron microscopy images and particle‐size distributions. The photocatalytic activity of these zinc phosphate particles was too less to protect the sebum on the skin. The materials obtained and their thermal products at 100°C showed a high reflectance within the range of visible light. The slipping resistance and roughness of the powder were enough low for use in cosmetics.
Evaluation of the content – containing interaction in cosmetic products using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
Authors: Thomas C. , Siong D. , Pirnay S. 
Published: April 2014

SynopsisObjectiveSince the publication of the Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 on cosmetic products, the content‐containing interaction between the packaging and the product must be considered for the safety assessment of the product. Indeed, some compounds are able to migrate from packaging to the product and may be harmful to the consumer health. The developed and validated method of investigation was applied on 79 cosmetic products.MethodsPackaging materials and products at risk were determined by studying data of cosmetic product information files assessed by EXPERTOX. To evaluate the content‐containing interaction, a gas chromatography–mass spectrometry method was developed and validated. Liquid–liquid extraction was used to extract contaminants (some of phthalates, volatile organic compounds and substance of very high concern) from migration simulants and products.ResultsAnalysis of product information files showed that HDPE and PE are the most widely used plastics for cosmetic product packaging. Calibration curves showed good linearity regression from 50 to 500 ng mL−1, and detection and quantification limits were 25 and 50 ng mL−1, respectively. The accuracy, precision, repeatability of the analytical method and extraction yields were acceptable. The frequency at which the DEHP was found in products is 90% for 11 stick deodorants and 83% for 12 perfumes.ConclusionPlastic is the most material used in cosmetic due to the diversity of form and colour. The gas chromatography–mass spectrometry method was validated and can be used for the evaluation of the content‐containing interaction of cosmetic products. For all tests performed on 79 products in contact with six kind of packaging, the DEHP was found at 90% for stick deodorants and 83% for perfumes. No other contaminant was found.
Aqueous dispersions of organogel nanoparticles – potential systems for cosmetic and dermo‐cosmetic applications
Authors: Kirilov P. , Rum S. , Gilbert E. , Roussel L. , Salmon D. , Abdayem R. , Serre C. , Villa C. , Haftek M. , Falson F. , Pirot F. 
Published: April 2014

SynopsisObjectiveThe preparation and physicochemical characterization of organogel nanoparticles dispersed in water have been developed. These systems could be employed as nanocarrier for cosmetic applications or as hydrophobic reservoirs for drug delivery.MethodsGelled particles of organic liquid and 12‐hydroxystearic acid (organogelator) were obtained by hot emulsification (T>Tgel), with a surfactant (acetylated glycol stearate) and polymers (sodium hyaluronate and polyvinyl alcohol) as stabilizing agents, and cooling at room temperature (T<Tgel). An organic UVB sunscreen molecule, obtained by microwave activation, was used as a hydrophobic model molecule. The physicochemical properties of the starting organogel (gelation tests; rheological study) and the dispersed gelled particles (rheological study; particle mean size, size distribution, zeta‐potential measurements; physical stability evaluation; UVB absorption and water resistance ability) were studied. The synthesis of sunscreen compound using microwave activation was also described.ResultsAccording to the gelation test results, organogels were obtained with various organic liquids. Vaseline and almond oils were selected as organic medium for the gelled nanoparticle preparation. A preliminary formulation study was carried out in order to determine the optimal experimental conditions to obtain stable nanoparticle dispersions. Gelled nanoparticles contained the sunscreen model molecule, with mean size of 450 nm, polydispersity index of 0.18 and zeta‐potential value above −30 mV, were obtained by ultrasound probe homogenization method. A comparative study of their dispersion ageing showed a greatly enhanced stability after gelation. According to the UVB absorption evaluation, gelled particles improved the photoprotective ability and the photostability of immobilized UVB blocker. They showed a high water resistance (~83%) even after 40 min of immersion.ConclusionThe obtained results demonstrate the interest of these gelled nanoparticles and their aqueous dispersion for the preparation of new formulations for cosmetic and dermo‐cosmetic applications.