bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of transfer lesions in patients who underwent surgery for diabetic foot ulcers located on the plantar aspect of the metatarsal heads
Authors: Molines‐Barroso R. J. , Lázaro‐Martínez J. L. , Aragón‐Sánchez J. , García‐Morales E. , Beneit‐Montesinos J. V. , Álvaro‐Afonso F. J. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAimsTo analyse the risk of reulceration caused by the transfer of lesions in patients with diabetes, undergoing resection of at least one metatarsal head.MethodsA total of 119 patients with diabetes from the Diabetic Foot Unit (Complutense University, Madrid, Spain), who underwent resection of at least one metatarsal head were analysed prospectively from November 2006 to December 2011 to assess reulceration in the other metatarsal head.ResultsSeven patients were excluded for being subjected to a pan‐metatarsal head resection and 11 patients dropped out. During a median follow‐up period of 13.1 months (interquartile range 6.1–22.8 months), 41% of patients suffered from reulcerations. Reulceration frequency in patients operated on the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th and several metatarsal heads was 9 (69%), 8 (44%), 12 (52%), 2 (25%), 6 (19%) and 4 (50%) events, respectively. The Cox regression model showed hazard ratios that were significant for the location of the metatarsal resection. The first metatarsal showed the highest risk for reulceration (hazard ratio 3.307; 1.472–7.430) and the fifth metatarsal showed the lowest risk (hazard ratio 0.339; 0.138–0.832).ConclusionsReulceration is a frequent event following resection of a metatarsal head and should be regarded as an implicit complication of the intervention. The location of the resection determines the risk of reulceration, which is highest for patients operated on the first metatarsal head and lowest for patients operated on the fifth metatarsal head.
Role and interpretation of fluorodeoxyglucose‐positron emission tomography/computed tomography in HIV‐infected patients with fever of unknown origin: a prospective study
Authors: Martin C , Castaigne C , Tondeur M , Flamen P , De Wit S 
Published: March 2013

ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to evaluate prospectively the usefulness of fluorodeoxyglucose‐positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG‐PET/CT) in investigation of fever of unknown origin (FUO) in HIV‐positive patients and to determine whether HIV viraemia impacts on FDG‐PET/CT performance.MethodsThe FDG‐PET/CT results of 20 HIV‐infected patients with FUO were analysed and compared with the FDG‐PET/CT results of 10 HIV‐infected viraemic patients without FUO. The performance of FDG‐PET/CT for identifying the aetiology of FUO was assessed. Final diagnosis for FUO was based on histopathology, microbiological assays, or clinical and imaging follow‐up.ResultsFDG‐PET/CT contributed to the diagnosis or exclusion of a focal aetiology of the febrile state in 80% of patients with FUO. The presence of increased FDG uptake in the central lymph node has 100% specificity for focal aetiology of fever, even in viraemic patients. The absence of hypermetabolic central lymph nodes in FUO patients has 100% negative predictive value for focal disease. Lymph node biopsy in central hypermetabolic areas allowed, in 100% of cases, identification of underlying disease in patients with FUO. Biopsy of peripheral lymph nodes should be performed in lymph nodes with maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) ≥ 6–8 (sensitivity 62.5%; specificity 75%) and avoided in lymph nodes with SUVmax = 0–4 (specificity 0%). High HIV viraemia does not prevent correct interpretation of FDG‐PET/CT.ConclusionsAs in HIV‐negative patients, we confirm the usefulness of FDG‐PET/CT in investigation of FUO in HIV‐positive patients even if they are viraemic.
Some Reflections on the Possible Introduction of Electronic Monitoring as an Alternative to Pre‐trial Detention in Belgium
Authors: Maes Eric , Mine Benjamin 
Published: March 2013

AbstractPrison overcrowding is a major problem in the Belgian criminal justice system, with 40% of the current population consisting of prisoners remanded in custody. Driven by a goal of prison overcrowding prevention, electronic monitoring has been implemented nationally since 2000, but only as an alternative to the execution of the entire, or a part of the prison sentence imposed. This article aims to report some final results of recent research on the possible application of electronic monitoring as an alternative to remand custody in Belgium, more particularly with regard to some important legal, practical and organisational questions.
Applicability of second‐generation colon capsule endoscope to ulcerative colitis: A clinical feasibility study
Authors: Hosoe Naoki , Matsuoka Katsuyoshi , Naganuma Makoto , Ida Yosuke , Ishibashi Yuka , Kimura Kayoko , Yoneno Kazuaki , Usui Shingo , Kashiwagi Kazuhiro , Hisamatsu Tadakazu , Inoue Nagamu , Kanai Takanori , Imaeda Hiroyuki , Ogata Haruhiko , Hibi Toshifumi 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackground and AimColon capsule endoscopy has already been used for colon visualization and detection of polyps but its applicability to inflammatory bowel disease is still unconfirmed. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of evaluating the severity of mucosal inflammation in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) using a second‐generation colon capsule endoscope (CCE‐2).MethodsForty patients with histological confirmed diagnosis of UC were enrolled. Low‐volume (2 L) polyethylene glycol solution with prokinetics (mosapride citrate and metoclopramide) regimen was used for the bowel preparation. In Phase 1, consisting of 10 patients, to confirm appropriate CCE‐2 bowel preparation for UC. In Phase 2, consisting of 30 patients, CCE‐2 was performed with a fixed bowel preparation regimen. CCE‐2 findings were recorded for 8 h starting from capsule ingestion and conventional colonoscopy was subsequently performed on the same day. CCE‐2 procedure completion rate and the colon cleansing level with a 4‐point grading scale (poor, fair, good, and excellent) were evaluated in Phase 2. Correlations between Matts endoscopic scores as judged by CCE‐2 and conventional colonoscopy were calculated.ResultsCCE‐2 procedure was completed within 8 h in 69% of the patients. The proportion of patients with good or excellent cleansing level was below 50%. However, Matts endoscopic scores determined by CCE‐2 showed a strong correlation with scores obtained by conventional colonoscopy (average ρ = 0.797).ConclusionsAlthough modifications in bowel preparation are needed, CCE‐2 might be feasible for assessing the severity of mucosal inflammation in patients with UC.
Are Environmental Influences on Physical Activity Distinct for Urban, Suburban, and Rural Schools? A Multilevel Study Among Secondary School Students in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Hobin Erin P. , Leatherdale Scott , Manske Steve , Dubin Joel A. , Elliott Susan , Veugelers Paul 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThis study examined differences in students' time spent in physical activity (PA) across secondary schools in rural, suburban, and urban environments and identified the environment‐level factors associated with these between school differences in students' PA.METHODSMultilevel linear regression analyses were used to examine the environment‐ and student‐level characteristics associated with time spent in PA among grades 9 to 12 students attending 76 secondary schools in Ontario, Canada, as part of the SHAPES‐Ontario study. This approach was first conducted with the full data set testing for interactions between environment‐level factors and school location. Then, school‐location specific regression models were run separately.RESULTSStatistically significant between‐school variation was identified among students attending urban (σ2μ0 = 8959.63 [372.46]), suburban (σ2μ0 = 8918.75 [186.20]), and rural (σ2μ0 = 9403.17 [203.69]) schools, where school‐level differences accounted for 4.0%, 2.0%, and 2.1% of the variability in students' time spent in PA, respectively. Students attending an urban or suburban school that provided another room for PA or was located within close proximity to a shopping mall or fast food outlet spent more time in PA.CONCLUSIONStudents' time spent in PA varies by school location and some features of the school environment have a different impact on students' time spent in PA by school location. Developing a better understanding of the environment‐level characteristics associated with students' time spent in PA by school location may help public health and planning experts to tailor school programs and policies to the needs of students in different locations.
Mixed Infection of Two Groups (16SrI & V) of Phytoplasmas in a Single Jujube Tree in China
Authors: Sun Xian‐Chao , Mou Hai‐Qing , Li Ting‐Ting , Tian Qian , Zhao Wen‐Jun 
Published: March 2013

AbstractSymptoms similar to Jujube witches' broom disease were observed on jujube (Zizyphus jujuba) plants in an orchard in Xuchang City, Henan Province, China. Phytoplasmas were detected in one sample from symptomatic plants by nested PCR assay employing 16S rRNA gene primers P1/P7 followed by R16F2n/R16R2. Virtual RFLP analysis of the resulting products (F2nR2 region) shown that total of two different groups (16SrI and 16SrV) phytoplasmas associated with the infected jujube. This is the first report of phytoplasmas mixed infection of jujube in China.
Vegetation change and homogenization of species composition in temperate nutrient deficient Scots pine forests after 45 yr
Authors: Reinecke Jennifer , Klemm Gunther , Heinken Thilo 
Published: March 2013

AbstractQuestionDoes eutrophication drive vegetation change in pine forests on nutrient deficient sites and thus lead to the homogenization of understorey species composition?LocationForest area (1600 ha) in the Lower Spreewald, Brandenburg, Germany.MethodsResurvey of 77 semi‐permanent plots after 45 yr, including vascular plants, bryophytes and ground lichens. We applied multidimensional ordination of species composition, dissimilarity indices, mean Ellenberg indicator values and the concept of winner/loser species to identify vegetation change between years. Differential responses along a gradient of nutrient availability were analysed on the basis of initial vegetation type, reflecting topsoil N availability of plots.ResultsSpecies composition changed strongly and overall shifted towards higher N and slightly lower light availability. Differences in vegetation change were related to initial vegetation type, with strongest compositional changes in the oligotrophic forest type, but strongest increase of nitrophilous species in the mesotrophic forest type. Despite an overall increase in species number, species composition was homogenized between study years due to the loss of species (mainly ground lichens) on the most oligotrophic sites.ConclusionsThe response to N enrichment is confounded by canopy closure on the N‐richest sites and probably by water limitation on N‐poorest sites. The relative importance of atmospheric N deposition in the eutrophication effect is difficult to disentangle from natural humus accumulation after historical litter raking. However, the profound differences in species composition between study years across all forest types suggest that atmospheric N deposition contributes to the eutrophication, which drives understorey vegetation change and biotic homogenization in Central European Scots pine forests on nutrient deficient sites.
Petrography, mineral chemistry, and crystallization history of olivine‐phyric shergottite NWA 6234: A new melt composition
Authors: Gross Juliane , Filiberto Justin , Herd Christopher D. K. , Daswani Mohit Melwani , Schwenzer Susanne P. , Treiman Allan H. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractKnowledge of Martian igneous and mantle compositions is crucial for understanding Mars' mantle evolution, including early differentiation, mantle convection, and the chemical alteration at the surface. Primitive magmas provide the most direct information about their mantle source regions, but most Martian meteorites either contain cumulate olivine or crystallized from fractionated melts. The new Martian meteorite Northwest Africa (NWA) 6234 is an olivine‐phyric shergottite. Its most magnesian olivine cores (Fo78) are in Mg‐Fe equilibrium with a magma of the bulk rock composition, suggesting that it represents a melt composition. Thermochemical calculations show that NWA 6234 not only represents a melt composition but is a primitive melt derived from an approximately Fo80 mantle. Thus, NWA 6234 is similar to NWA 5789 and Y 980459 in the sense that all three are olivine‐phyric shergottites and represent primitive magma compositions. However, NWA 6234 is of special significance because it represents the first olivine‐phyric shergottite from a primitive ferroan magma. On the basis of Al/Ti ratio of pyroxenes in NWA 6234, the minor components in olivine and merrillite, and phosphorus zoning of olivine, we infer that the rock crystallized completely at pressures consistent with conditions in Mars' upper crust. The textural intergrowths of the two phosphates (merrillite and apatite) indicate that at a very last stage of crystallization, merrillite reacted with an OH‐Cl‐F‐rich melt to form apatite. As this meteorite crystallized completely at depth and never erupted, it is likely that its apatite compositions represent snapshots of the volatile ratios of the source region without being affected by degassing processes, which contain high OH‐F content.
Fungal encephalitis in human autopsy cases is associated with extensive neuronal damage but only minimal repair
Authors: Tauber Simone C. , Eiffert Helmut , Kellner Silvia , Lugert Raimond , Bunkowski Stephanie , Schütze Sandra , Perske Christina , Brück Wolfgang , Nau Roland 
Published: March 2013

AimsThe present study aimed at examining neuronal injury and repair in post mortem brain sections of humans who died from fungal central nervous system infections.MethodsHistological and immunohistochemical abnormalities in 15 autopsy cases with fungal central nervous system infections from 1990 to 2008 were compared with findings in 10 age‐ und sex‐matched control cases that died from acute non‐neurological causes. The fungal pathogens were identified by culture or polymerase chain reaction and morphology in post mortem tissue. Seven patients with fungal encephalitis had either an organ transplantation or a malignant haematological disorder; five out of 15 did not have a classical predisposing illness but suffered from severe septic infections as the principal cause of immunosuppression, and three from alcoholism.ResultsFungal organisms detected were Aspergillus spp. and other moulds, Candida spp. and black yeast‐like fungi including Cladosporium spp. Histological analyses identified microglial activation, astrocytosis and axonal injury in the white matter without additional demyelination as characteristic features of this infectious disease. An increased rate of hippocampal neuronal apoptosis was detected in fungal encephalitis, while the number of recently generated TUC‐4 and calretinin‐expressing neurones in the dentate gyrus did not differ between patients and controls.ConclusionsUnlike in other infectious diseases of the nervous system where a coexistence of damage and repair was observed, fungal encephalitis is characterized by strong damage and minimal neuronal regeneration.
Gender differences in cardiac autonomic modulation during medical internship
Authors: Lin Yu‐Hsuan , Chen Ching‐Yen , Lin Sheng‐Hsuan , Liu Chun‐Hao , Weng Wei‐Hung , Kuo Terry B. J. , Yang Cheryl C. H. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractMedical internship is known to be a time of high stress and long working hours, which increases the risk of depression and cardiovascular disease. Gender differences in medical interns' cardiovascular risk have not been reported previously. Thirty‐eight medical interns (29 males) were repeatedly tested for depressive symptoms using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and 5‐min spectral analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) at 3‐month intervals during their internship. Among the male interns, the variance of the heart rate decreased at 6, 9, 12 months, and a reduced high frequency, which suggests reduced cardiac parasympathetic modulation, was found at 9 and 12 months into their internship. Increased depressive symptoms were also identified at 12 months in the male group. No significant differences in depression or any of the HRV indices were identified among the female interns during their internship.
Blood Loss and the Need for Transfusion after Shoulder Surface Replacement
Authors: Singh Vinay Kumar , Trehan Ravi , Banerjee Samik , Bardakos Nikolaos V. , Patel Vipul R. 
Published: March 2013

Background Studies on stemmed primary shoulder arthroplasty have shown transfusion rates of up to 38%. The present study aimed to evaluate blood loss and the need for blood transfusion after primary humeral and total shoulder surface replacement. Materials and methods Patients undergoing both primary humeral head ( n = 20) and total shoulder ( n = 63) resurfacing were included. The mean drop in haemoglobin levels on the first postoperative day and the need for transfusion were recorded and analyzed against the patient's age, sex, body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologists grade, type of surgery performed, pre-operative haemoglobin and the use of tranexamic acid. Results Only one patient in the entire series (1.2%) required blood transfusion postoperatively, following total shoulder resurfacing. There were statistically significant differences between the two groups with respect to estimated blood loss ( p = 0.005), duration of surgery ( p < 0.0005) and haemoglobin drop ( p < 0.0005), all in favour of the humeral head resurfacing group. The type of surgery was the only independent factor significantly affecting the reduction of haemoglobin levels postoperatively ( p < 0.0005). Conclusions Surface replacement of the shoulder appears to be associated with reduced blood loss, leading to a very low need for blood transfusion.
Segmentation of lung lesions on CT scans using watershed, active contours, and Markov random field
Authors: Tan Yongqiang , Schwartz Lawrence H. , Zhao Binsheng 
Published: March 2013

Purpose:Lung lesions vary considerably in size, density, and shape, and can attach to surrounding anatomic structures such as chest wall or mediastinum. Automatic segmentation of the lesions poses a challenge. This work communicates a new three‐dimensional algorithm for the segmentation of a wide variety of lesions, ranging from tumors found in patients with advanced lung cancer to small nodules detected in lung cancer screening programs.Methods:The authors’ algorithm uniquely combines the image processing techniques of marker‐controlled watershed, geometric active contours as well as Markov random field (MRF). The user of the algorithm manually selects a region of interest encompassing the lesion on a single slice and then the watershed method generates an initial surface of the lesion in three dimensions, which is refined by the active geometric contours. MRF improves the segmentation of ground glass opacity portions of part‐solid lesions. The algorithm was tested on an anthropomorphic thorax phantom dataset and two publicly accessible clinical lung datasets. These clinical studies included a same‐day repeat CT (prewalk and postwalk scans were performed within 15 min) dataset containing 32 lung lesions with one radiologist's delineated contours, and the first release of the Lung Image Database Consortium (LIDC) dataset containing 23 lung nodules with 6 radiologists’ delineated contours. The phantom dataset contained 22 phantom nodules of known volumes that were inserted in a phantom thorax.Results:For the prewalk scans of the same‐day repeat CT dataset and the LIDC dataset, the mean overlap ratios of lesion volumes generated by the computer algorithm and the radiologist(s) were 69% and 65%, respectively. For the two repeat CT scans, the intra‐class correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0.998, indicating high reliability of the algorithm. The mean relative difference was −3% for the phantom dataset.Conclusions:The performance of this new segmentation algorithm in delineating tumor contour and measuring tumor size illustrates its potential clinical value for assisting in noninvasive diagnosis of pulmonary nodules, therapy response assessment, and radiation treatment planning.
Fully Assembled Genome Sequence for Salmonella enterica subsp.
enterica
Serovar Javiana CFSAN001992
Authors: Allard Marc W. , Muruvanda Tim , Strain Errol , Timme Ruth , Luo Yan , Wang Charles , Keys Christine E. , Payne Justin , Cooper Tony , Luong Khai , Song Yi , Chin Chen-Shan , Korlach Jonas , Roberts Rich J. , Evans Peter , Musser Steven M. , Brown Eric W. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACT

We report a closed genome of
Salmonella enterica
subsp.
enterica
serovar Javiana (
S
. Javiana). This serotype is a common food-borne pathogen and is often associated with fresh-cut produce. Complete (finished) genome assemblies will support pilot studies testing the utility of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies in public health laboratories.
Genome of the Haloarchaeon Natronomonas moolapensis, a Neutrophilic Member of a Previously Haloalkaliphilic Genus
Authors: Dyall-Smith Mike L. , Pfeiffer Friedhelm , Oberwinkler Tanja , Klee Kathrin , Rampp Markus , Palm Peter , Gross Karin , Schuster Stephan C. , Oesterhelt Dieter 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACT

The genus
Natronomonas
contains two species, one haloalkaliphile (
N. pharaonis
) and one neutrophile (
N. moolapensis
). Here, we report the genome sequence of
N. moolapensis
strain 8.8.11. The overall genome properties are similar for the two species. Only the neutrophile contains bacteriorhodopsin and a membrane glycolipid.
Evaluation of a Modular Multiplex-PCR Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Detection Assay Adapted formecCDetection
Authors: Becker Karsten , Larsen Anders R. , Skov Robert L. , Paterson Gavin K. , Holmes Mark A. , Sabat Artur J. , Friedrich Alexander W. , Köck Robin , Peters Georg , Kriegeskorte André 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTAmecC(mecALGA251)-adapted multiplex PCR-based methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) detection assay was evaluated using an international,spa-typedStaphylococcus aureuscollection comprising 51mecC-positive MRSA, 240mecA-positive MRSA, and 50mecA- andmecC-negative methicillin-susceptibleS. aureus(MSSA) isolates. The assay showed 100% sensitivity and specificity forS. aureusspecies identification as well as formecAandmecCdetection.
Cache Valley Virus in a Patient Diagnosed with Aseptic Meningitis
Authors: Nguyen Nang L. , Zhao Guoyan , Hull Rene , Shelly Mark A. , Wong Susan J. , Wu Guang , St. George Kirsten , Wang David , Menegus Marilyn A. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTCache Valley virus was initially isolated from mosquitoes and had been linked to central nervous system-associated diseases. A case of Cache Valley virus infection is described. The virus was cultured from a patient's cerebrospinal fluid and identified with real-time reverse transcription-PCR and sequencing, which also yielded the complete viral coding sequences.