bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shifting to sustainable micromobility: Understanding the factors influencing willingness to use e-scooters for campus-based travel of university students in Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Prayitno P A , Fardianto K Y , Sidhiq S , Kennyzyra M 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
E-scooters are experiencing a global rise in usage for urban micro-mobility, however, in Indonesia, their primary purpose is mostly for leisure activities. Notwithstanding legal constraints, the use of e-scooters for travel purposes is still predominantly lacking. The objective of this study is to gain insights into the attributes, movement behaviours, inclinations, and perspectives of prospective e-scooter riders, as well as their level of interest in utilising these vehicles for commuting inside the Universitas Islam Indonesia campus. A dataset consisting of information from 380 students was gathered and examined using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests of association, mean score analysis, and ordered probit models. The findings indicated that transportation on campus is predominantly dependent on motorised cars, accounting for 67 % of trips within a 2 kilometer radius. There were no significant factors observed that were linked to a propensity to use e-scooters. However, past experience with e-scooters was statistically significant for certain development scenarios. Male students were primarily influenced by factors such as discomfort during long distance journeys, inadequate infrastructure, and unfavourable weather conditions. In contrast, female students tended to prioritise the discomfort experienced when standing.
Analysis of land use change on flood discharge of Bengawan Solo Upstream sub-basin
Authors: Sutiyono Y , Wardhana P N 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study investigated land use changes of Bengawan Solo Upstream sub-watershed impact toward flood discharge between year 2015 and year 2019. The daily rainfall intensity was calculated statistically by using analysis frequency, and effective rainfall was acquired by compensation of potential storage and land use. Runoff discharge was calculated using the Nakayasu and the Soil Conservation Service method, while base flow discharge calculated using equation suggested by Hydrograph Synder Synthetic Gama-1. Land use change is represented by curve number (CN) value for year 2015 and year 2019 at values of 78.11 and 78.07, respectively. Decline of CN value was caused by surge of vegetation land area. Agricultural land CN value was not much different from settlement CN value. Overall, flood discharge that occurred plummeted between year 2015 and year 2019, although it was not significant. Decrease in flood discharge corresponds to decrease in CN value. Decline of CN value as much as 0.05 % yielded decrease of flood discharge as much as 0.16 % until 0.22 % related to return period.
Comparison of the missing rainfall data method in enhancing discharge estimation
Authors: Mahyun A W , Mohd Azrul Ismail M , Salwa M Z M , Isa Nurfitriah , Azlinda A G , Fauzi M R 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Missing rainfall data can cause the results of an analysis to be inaccurate. This study aims to compare the performance of different methods in estimating missing rainfall data and to evaluate the estimated missing rainfall data method on hydrograph estimation. The methods used to estimate missing rainfall data in three selected stations include the arithmetic mean (AM) method, the inverse squared distance (ISD) method, and replacing missing value with zero value (ZERO). The study employs root mean square error (RMSE) to assess the accuracy and reliability of the methods. The estimated rainfall data are then utilized in Stormwater Management Modelling Software 5 (SWMM5) to evaluate the data impact on the discharge estimation. The results indicated that the AM method is the best method to estimate missing rainfall data by considering the lowest RMSE value equal to 1.185. In conclusion, the comparison of missing rainfall data methods in this study has shed light on their performance in enhancing discharge estimation.
Intercomparison to validate implementations of different laboratories of algorithms for the analysis of surface texture
Authors: Hüser Dorothee , Seewig Jörg , Volk Raimund , Deppe Arne , Kustan Eduard , Depiereux Frank , Meyer Maik , Koppert Nils , Weidner Arnim , Feifel Stefan , Müller Alexander , Schwarzer Florian , Xiao Shaojun , Lehmann Matthias , Blumenschein Wilhelm 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The surface texture is an important feature of machine parts for any kind of contact. The quantification of its properties has been a well-established area in quality assurance for many decades. With the increasing demand for precision and interchangeability in the globalised marketplace, the results of surface analysis must be unambiguous and reliable. This is why the International Standardization’s Technical Committee on Geometric Product Specification has updated its standards. Consequently, instrument manufacturers and calibration laboratories need to ensure that their analysis software complies with the new ISO standards. An intercomparison has therefore been carried out to validate surface texture analysis software. Over the past two decades, a number of tests have been conducted on surface texture measurement and analysis methods, including issues of instrument response, discretisation and quantisation. This article examines the numerical and computational aspects of analysis algorithms that process data sets of discrete values of finite floating-point precision as input. The method of testing texture analysis algorithms utilising software measurement standards (softgauges) and the specification of the test tasks are explained. The results of the comparison are presented and discussed.
A comprehensive study of carbon nanoparticle shape and orientation effects on composite elastic properties using FEA
Authors: Omari Mohammad A , Gharaibeh Dania T , Al-Momani Emad S 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In this study, three critical parameters that influence the effective composite properties of Carbon nanoparticles were tested and modeled using finite elements through Digimat Finite Element Analysis (FEA) software, employing representative volume elements (RVE). The primary parameters under consideration are the fiber shape, fiber orientation, and fiber volume fraction. Four of the many different shapes of Carbon nanoparticles, namely Tubes, Disk, Sphere, and Cylinder, were investigated, coupled with four distinct orientations for tubes: horizontal, aligned at 45°, random, and vertical each varying in the carbon fiber volume fraction. The material of choice was pure epoxy resin because of the nature of the bonding between its two phases and its wide range of usage. Forces were applied along the X-axis, coupled with shear in the XY plane. This study revealed that the orientation of CNTs primarily influences the Elastic Young’s modulus, whereas the size of the CNTs has the main effect on the shear modulus, followed by orientation. The horizontal CNTs demonstrated superior Young’s modulus, but the random orientation had a more pronounced impact on the shear modulus variation. Regarding the analysis of the nanoparticles shapes, the disk shape with fixed orientation revealed the highest elastic modulus, after which the cylinder shape and the sphere recorded the minimum elastic modulus among the three studied shapes.
A method for the synchronization of inertial sensor signals and local field potentials from deep brain stimulation systems
Authors: D’Ascanio Ilaria , Giannini Giulia , Baldelli Luca , Cani Ilaria , Giannoni Alice , Leogrande Gaetano , Lopane Giovanna , Calandra-Buonaura Giovanna , Cortelli Pietro , Chiari Lorenzo , Palmerini Luca 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective. Recent innovative neurostimulators allow recording local field potentials (LFPs) while performing motor tasks monitored by wearable sensors. Inertial sensors can provide quantitative measures of motor impairment in people with subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation. To the best of our knowledge, there is no validated method to synchronize inertial sensors and neurostimulators without an additional device. This study aims to define a new synchronization method to analyze disease-related brain activity patterns during specific motor tasks and evaluate how LFPs are affected by stimulation and medication. Approach. Fourteen male subjects treated with subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation were recruited to perform motor tasks in four different medication and stimulation conditions. In each condition, a synchronization protocol was performed consisting of taps on the implanted neurostimulator, which produces artifacts in the LFPs that a nearby inertial sensor can simultaneously record. Main results. In 64% of the recruited subjects, induced artifacts were detected at least in one condition. Among those subjects, 83% of the recordings could be synchronized offline analyzing LFPs and wearables data. The remaining recordings were synchronized by video analysis. Significance. The proposed synchronization method does not require an external system (e.g., TENS electrodes) and can be easily integrated into clinical practice. The procedure is simple and can be carried out in a short time. A proper and simple synchronization will also be useful to analyze subthalamic neural activity in the presence of specific events (e.g., freezing of gait events) to identify predictive biomarkers.
Optical tuning of copolymer-in-oil tissue-mimicking materials for multispectral photoacoustic imaging
Authors: Khodaverdi Azin , Cinthio Magnus , Reistad Esbjörn , Erlöv Tobias , Malmsjö Malin , Zackrisson Sophia , Reistad Nina 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective. The availability of tissue-mimicking materials (TMMs) for manufacturing high-quality phantoms is crucial for standardization, evaluating novel quantitative approaches, and clinically translating new imaging modalities, such as photoacoustic imaging (PAI). Recently, a gel comprising the copolymer styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene (SEBS) in mineral oil has shown significant potential as TMM due to its optical and acoustic properties akin to soft tissue. We propose using artists’ oil-based inks dissolved and diluted in balsam turpentine to tune the optical properties. Approach. A TMM was fabricated by mixing a SEBS copolymer and mineral oil, supplemented with additives to tune its optical absorption and scattering properties independently. A systematic investigation of the tuning accuracies and relationships between concentrations of oil-based pigments and optical absorption properties of the TMM across visible and near-infrared wavelengths using collimated transmission spectroscopy was conducted. The photoacoustic spectrum of various oil-based inks was studied to analyze the effect of increasing concentration and depth. Main results. Artists’ oil-based inks dissolved in turpentine proved effective as additives to tune the optical absorption properties of mineral oil SEBS-gel with high accuracy. The TMMs demonstrated long-term stability and suitability for producing phantoms with desired optical absorption properties for PAI studies. Significance. The findings, including tuning of optical absorption and spectral shape, suggest that this TMM facilitates the development of more sophisticated phantoms of arbitrary shapes. This approach holds promise for advancing the development of PAI, including investigation of the spectral coloring effect. In addition, it can potentially aid in the development and clinical translation of ultrasound optical tomography.
Studies on the potential risk of amyloidosis from exposure to cultured fibril from silk fibroin
Authors: Osawa Satomi , Iwaide Susumu , Kobayashi Kyoko , Oba Ryohei , Murakami Tomoaki 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Amyloid A (AA) amyloidosis is induced by administering amyloid fibrils to animals under inflammatory conditions. Silk fibroin (SF), the main component of silk threads, forms amyloid-like fibrils and has been previously reported to induce AA amyloidosis in mice. In this study, SF was cultured in ethanol solution, and after confirming fibril formation through thioflavin T assay, Congo red assay, and observation under electron microscopy, cultured SF ethanol solutions were administered to mice via various routes to investigate the induction of target organs and amyloidosis. As a result, cultured SF ethanol solutions were confirmed to reach the lungs and spleen, but no amyloid deposition was observed. While SF forms amyloid-like fibril structures through cultivation in ethanol solution, its amyloid-enhancing factor (AEF) activity is considered low in mice.
How places vote
Authors: Furlong Jamie , Jennings Will 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores the extent to which the sociodemographic underpinnings of the electoral geography of England and Wales have changed between 1979 and 2019. It asks what kind of constituencies returned high vote shares for Labour and the Conservatives at each general election over this period. The chapter begins by exploring the bivariate constituency-level relationships between party vote shares and variables associated with three alternative definitions of places being ‘left behind’. We then estimate multiple linear regression models, revealing a significant long-term (though recently accelerating) shift away from Labour to the Conservatives in demographically left behind areas with largely white, working-class populations and lower levels of education. In contrast, Labour’s electoral dominance in areas with high levels of economic deprivation (economically left behind) and higher proportions of people in insecure/precarious employment (precariously left behind) has remained stable over this forty-year period.
Can We Really Ask the Oppressed to Be Reasonable? Serious Injustice, Civility, and Over-Demandingness
Authors: Badano Gabriele , Nuti Alasia 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
On a Rawlsian definition, part of being reasonable is abiding by public reason and therefore being civil when pursuing political change. Critics maintain that in calling on citizens to be reasonable, political liberals are too demanding towards groups that, suffering from a long history of injustice, have every right to be uncooperative. Moreover, disruption and violence might well be their only chance to make progress towards redressing that injustice. This chapter replies to these critiques by arguing that under certain conditions, disruption and violence are perfectly reasonable political strategies. We stress that Rawls’s duty to comply with public reason is conditional on reciprocity. However, in contrast to other analyses of the applicability of public reason in non-ideal conditions, we highlight that Rawls does not consider reciprocity important in itself, but because compliance on the part of others is necessary to avoid sacrificing one’s core interests by following public reason. We then show that being at the receiving end of severe injustices constitutes evidence of a risk of self-sacrifice serious enough to relieve members of oppressed groups of the duty to obey public reason. We specify what injustices count as severe by drawing on Rawls’s definition of a reasonable conception of justice, and we start discussing what normative constraints apply to citizens who, relieved of public reason, are morally allowed to engage in disruption and violence. Indeed, while those suffering from severe injustice have a right to deviate from public reason’s civility, abandoning reasonableness should never be excused.
The Duty of Pressure
Authors: Badano Gabriele , Nuti Alasia 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter starts our normative analysis of containment and, in turn, liberal democratic self-defence by looking at common citizens. Criticizing militant democratic accounts of self-defence, we argue that the liberal value of everyone enjoying equal rights is compatible with legal repressive measures only when softer containment interventions have been attempted earlier on in the build-up to a ‘real threat’ to existing liberal democratic institutions. Also, we demonstrate that although the state has an important (largely preventative) role to play in delivering such interventions, its work needs to be supplemented by the contributions of non-state actors towards soft containment. To start exploring what soft containment by non-state actors should look like, we derive from Rawls’s principle of liberal legitimacy a brand-new moral duty, called ‘duty of pressure’, calling on reasonable common citizens to press the unreasonable persons they know on their political views in an attempt to change their mind. This chapter carefully specifies the duty of pressure, including the circumstances of liberal democratic deconsolidation in which it applies and the range of tailored rhetorical strategies that are morally allowed under it. We also introduce right-wing populism to illustrate the workings of the duty of pressure in greater detail. Developing and re-adapting prominent Rawlsian concepts, this chapter suggests that the bulk of the supporters of right-wing populism display ‘unaware’ unreasonableness while holding partially comprehensive doctrines. In turn, these features illuminate what specific rhetorical strategies are apt to put pressure on them.
The Sound of Slurs
Authors: Mandelbaum Eric , Ware Jennifer , Young Steven G 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
An analysis of a valenced corpus of English words revealed that words that rhyme with slurs are rated more poorly than their synonyms. What at first might seem like a bizarre coincidence turns out to be a robust feature of slurs, one arising from their phonetic structure. We report novel data on phonaesthetic preferences, showing that a particular class of phonemes are both particularly disliked and overrepresented in slurs. We argue that phonaesthetic associations have been an overlooked source of some of the more peculiar, arational aspects of slurs. We conclude by drawing broader morals about the evolution of the lexicon.
Providing Explanations Shifts Preschoolers’ Metaphor Preferences
Authors: Zhu Rebecca , Goddu Mariel K , Gopnik Alison 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
To learn from metaphors, children must not only understand metaphors, but also appreciate their informativeness. Metaphors based on abstract commonalities (e.g., functional metaphors like “Eyes are windows”) typically have greater potential to generate novel inferences, and thus generally allow for more learning, than metaphors based on more superficial commonalities (e.g., perceptual metaphors like “Eyes are buttons”). However, previous research shows that preschoolers prefer perceptual metaphors over functional metaphors. Consequently, we ask whether providing additional context can shift preschoolers’ and adults’ metaphor preferences. In Experiment 1, pedagogical context increases preferences for functional metaphors in adults, but not preschoolers. In Experiment 2, providing explanations for similarities between the concepts in metaphors increases preschoolers’ preferences for functional metaphors. In Experiment 3, preschoolers differentiate between functional and perceptual metaphors when explicitly asked to communicate functional or perceptual information. These findings suggest that providing explanations for metaphors helps preschoolers appreciate their informativeness.
Bank Cases, Stakes, and Normative Facts
Authors: Pinillos N Ángel 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
New experimental evidence is presented which supports the idea that ordinary attributions of knowledge are sensitive to pragmatic factors. It is argued that ordinary knowledge ascriptions are psychologically sensitive to certain normative facts but not stakes, though both factors count as pragmatic. Whereas a difference in stakes can metaphysically necessitate a change in these normative facts, ordinary agents need not spontaneously notice this connection. Once we make this connection explicit to agents in an experimental setting, their attributions of knowledge become sensitive to pragmatic factors. These results can help explain why some prior experimental work did not detect that ordinary knowledge attributions are sensitive to pragmatic factors. It can also help explain why philosophers’ judgments about “bank” cases in the literature differ from the judgments of ordinary people.
134 How to Spot the Recurring Lumbar Disc? Risk Factors for Recurrent Lumbar Disc Herniation in Adult Patients with Lumbar Disc Prolapse: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Abdel-Fattah A R , Irving A , Baliga S , Myint P , Martin K 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Aim
Despite a fast-growing evidence-base examining the relationship of certain clinical and radiological factors such as smoking, BMI and herniation-type with recurrent lumbar disc herniation (rLDH), there remains much debate around which factors are clinically important. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify risk factors for rLDH in adults after primary disc surgery.

Method
A systematic literature search was performed using Ovid-Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane library and Web of Science databases from inception to 23rd June-2022. Observational studies of adult patients with radiologically confirmed rLDH ≥3 months after the initial surgery were included, and their quality assessed using the Quality-In-Prognostic-Studies (QUIPS) appraisal tool. Meta-analyses of univariate and multivariate data and a sensitivity-analysis for rLDH post-microdiscectomy were carried out.

Results
Twelve studies (n=4497, mean-age: 47.3; 34.5% female) were included, of which 11 studies were meta-analysed (n=4235). The mean follow-up was 38.4 months. Mean recurrence-rate was 13.1% and mean time-to-recurrence was 24.1 months (range: 6-90 months). Clinically, older age (OR:1.04, 95% CI:1.00-1.08, n=1014), diabetes mellitus (OR:3.82, 95% CI:1.58-9.26, n=2330) and smoking (OR:1.80, 95% CI:1.03-3.14, n=3425) increased likelihood of recurrence. Radiologically, Modic-change type-2 (OR:7.93, 95% CI:5.70-11.05, n=1706) and disc-extrusion (OR:12.23, 95% CI:8.60-17.38, n=1706) increased likelihood of recurrence. The evidence did not support an association between rLDH and sex; BMI; occupational-labour; alcohol-consumption; Pfirmann-grade, or herniation-level.

Conclusions
Older patients, smokers, patients with diabetes, those with type-2 Modic-changes or disc-extrusion are more likely to experience rLDH. Higher quality studies with robust adjustment of confounders are required to determine the clinical bearing of all other potential risk factors on rLDH.