bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Politics of Taking a Knee: Journalist Demographics and Media Analysis of the Colin Kaepernick Protest
Authors: Deeb Alexander , Love Adam , Crowe Patrick 
Published: August 2024

During the 2016 National Football League season, Colin Kaepernick was the subject of intense media scrutiny as he protested racial injustice by taking a knee during the national anthem. Given the fact that the sports media is disproportionately dominated by White men, this study analyzed media framing of Kaepernick with particular consideration to the racial demographics of journalists producing media coverage. Our analysis indicates that positive articles (i.e., articles that praised Kaepernick) generally outnumbered negative articles (i.e., articles that criticized Kaepernick), but articles written by White men were significantly more likely to use negative frames, whereas authors of color more frequently framed Kaepernick in a positive way. Ultimately, we conceptualize media coverage of Kaepernick’s protest as a racial project that seeks to either reproduce or subvert meanings associated with race and racism.
Disruption to
de novo
uridine biosynthesis alters β-1,3-glucan masking in
Candida albicans
Authors: Mangrum Mikayla M. , Vogel Amanda K. , Wagner Andrew S. , King Ainsley E. , Miao Jian , Zhou Yue , Phillips Elise K. , Peters Brian M. , Reynolds Todd B. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

The uridine derivatives UDP-glucose and UDP-
N
-acetylglucosamine are important for cell wall construction as they are the precursors for the synthesis of β-1,3-glucan and chitin, respectively. Previous studies have demonstrated attenuated virulence of uridine auxotrophs in mice, which has been attributed to insufficient uridine levels for growth in the host. We have discovered that uridine deprivation in the uridine auxotroph
ura3
ΔΔ disrupts cell wall architecture by increasing surface mannans, exposing β-1,3-glucan and chitin, and decreasing UDP-sugar levels. Cell wall architecture and UDP-sugars can be rescued with uridine supplementation. The cell wall architectural disruptions in the
ura3
ΔΔ mutant also impact immune activation since the mutant elicited greater TNFα secretion from RAW264.7 macrophages than wild type. To determine if cell wall defects contributed to decreased virulence in the
ura3
ΔΔ mutant, we used a murine model of systemic infection. Mice infected with the
ura3
ΔΔ mutant exhibited increased survival and reduced kidney fungal burden compared with mice infected with wild type. However, suppression of the immune response with cyclophosphamide did not rescue virulence in mice infected with the
ura3
ΔΔ mutant, indicating the attenuation in virulence of uridine auxotrophs can be attributed to decreased growth in the host but not increased exposure of β-1,3-glucan. Moreover, the
ura3
ΔΔ mutant is unable to grow on
ex vivo
kidney agar, which demonstrates its inability to colonize the kidneys due to poor growth. Thus, although uridine auxotrophy elicits changes to cell wall architecture that increase the exposure of immunogenic polymers, metabolic fitness costs more strongly drive the observed virulence attenuation.

IMPORTANCE

Candida albicans
is a common cause of bloodstream infections (candidemia). Treatment of these bloodstream infections is made difficult because of increasing antifungal resistance and drug toxicity. Thus, new tactics are needed for antifungal drug development, with immunotherapy being of particular interest. The cell wall of
C. albicans
is composed of highly immunogenic polymers, particularly β-1,3-glucan. However, β-1,3-glucan is naturally masked by an outer layer of mannoproteins, which hampers the detection of the fungus by the host immune system. Alteration in cell wall components has been shown to increase β-1,3-glucan exposure; however, it is unknown how the inability to synthesize precursors to cell wall components affects unmasking. Here, we demonstrate how cell wall architecture is altered in response to a deficit in precursors for cell wall synthesis and how uridine is a crucial component of these precursors.
Multiplexed real-time PCR for the detection and differentiation of
Klebsiella pneumoniae
O-antigen serotypes
Authors: Slater Damien , Hutt Vater Kian , Sridhar Sushmita , Hwang Wontae , Bielawski Derek , Turbett Sarah E. , LaRocque Regina C. , Harris Jason B. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Klebsiella pneumoniae
has emerged as a global health threat due to its role in the spread of antimicrobial resistance and because it is a frequent cause of hospital-acquired infections and neonatal sepsis. Capsular and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) O-antigen polysaccharide surface antigens are major immunogens that are useful for strain classification and are candidates for vaccine development. We have developed real-time PCR reagents for molecular serotyping, subtyping, and quantitation of the most prevalent LPS O-antigen types (i.e., O1, O2, O3, and O5) of
Klebsiella pneumoniae
. We describe two applications for this O-typing assay: for screening culture isolates and for direct typing of
Klebsiella pneumoniae
present in stool samples. We find 100% concordance between the results of the O-typing assay and whole-genome sequencing of 81 culture isolates, and >90% agreement in O-typing performed directly on specimens of human stool, with disagreement arising primarily from a lack of sensitivity of the culture-based comparator method. Additionally, we find evidence for mixed O-type populations at varying levels of abundance in direct tests of stool from a hospitalized patient population. Taken together, these results demonstrate that this novel O-typing assay can be a useful tool for
K. pneumoniae
epidemiologic and vaccine studies.

IMPORTANCE

Klebsiella pneumoniae
is an important opportunistic pathogen. The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is the primary reservoir of
K. pneumoniae
in humans, and GI carriage is believed to be a prerequisite for invasive infection. Knowledge about the dynamics and duration of GI carriage has been hampered by the lack of tools suitable for detection and strain discrimination. Real-time PCR is particularly suited to the higher-throughput workflows used in population-based studies, which are needed to improve our understanding of carriage dynamics and the factors influencing
K. pneumoniae
colonization.
Late Eocene sodic calc-alkaline lamprophyre in Gangdese batholith, southern Tibet: Implications for mantle metasomatism by carbonatitic melt
Authors: Li Guangxu , Zeng Lingsen , Gao Li-E , Yan Lilong , Zhao Linghao , Tian Yihong 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Similar to oceanic lithosphere, the progressive and continuous subduction of continental lithosphere could lead to early dehydration and subsequent melting of the subducting slab. Melting subducted carbonate materials could release carbonatitic melts and trigger melting of the overlying lithospheric mantle and the formation of different types of alkaline and calc-alkaline rocks. In this paper, we present a study on a suite of mafic dikes of sodic calc-alkaline lamprophyre (CAL) composition in the eastern Gangdese batholith, southern Tibet. These dikes, emplaced ca. 36.9 ± 0.3 Ma, are characterized by (1) high CaO and Na2O but low K2O content and hence exceptionally high Na2O/K2O ratios (&gt;2.3 up to 68.1); (2) negative anomalies of Nb-Ta-Zr-Hf-Ti, and (3) strong enrichment in light rare earth elements and large ion lithophile elements. Significantly low Rb/Sr (&lt;0.06) and Dy/Yb (&lt;2.5), coupled with high Ba/Rb (&gt;31 up to 1447), suggest their derivation by low-degree partial melting of amphibole-bearing peridotite within the garnet-facies lherzolite field. Compared to those in depleted mantle, they are also characterized by high initial 87Sr/86Sr (0.7074–0.7078), 207Pb/204Pb(t) (15.74–15.75), and 208Pb/204Pb(t) (39.39–39.41), but relatively low εNd(t) values (−1.8 to +2.4) and 206Pb/204Pb(t) (18.81–18.82) and zircon εHf(t) values (+2.7 to +7.3). In terms of Sr-Nd isotope systematics, they are more enriched than those in Mesozoic–Cenozoic magmatic rocks, but more depleted than younger (after 30 Ma) potassic–ultrapotassic rocks within the Gangdese batholith, which requires a different mantle source. These lamprophyres contain abundant carbonate minerals with a linear correlation between CaO and CO2, which suggests primary carbonate phases and a mantle source region rich in carbonate materials. We propose that sodic CAL was generated by the partial melting of an enriched lithospheric mantle metasomatized by carbonatitic melts derived from the subducted Indian continental crust. The emplacement of lamprophyres is associated with E-W extension induced by local post-collisional delamination of thickened lower continental crust (~75 km) after the collision between India and Asia.
Cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder: protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Tanskanen Tuula Elina , Wegelius Asko , Härkönen Tiina , Gummerus Eero-Matti , Stenberg Jan-Henry , Selinheimo Sanna Ilona Karoliina , Alakuijala Anniina , Tenhunen Mirja , Paajanen Teemu , Järnefelt Heli , Kajaste Soili , Blom Kerstin , Kieseppä Tuula , Tuisku Katinka , Paunio Tiina 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionInsomnia is a common symptom among patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder, negatively impacting symptom severity, functioning and well-being; however, it is rarely the direct focus of treatment. The main recommended treatment for insomnia is cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT-I). There is some evidence that CBT-I can also be used to treat insomnia in patients with schizophrenia, but only a few randomised controlled trials (RCTs) have been published. The aim of this ongoing RCT is to determine whether we can alleviate symptoms of insomnia and improve the quality of life in patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder through CBT-I delivered via the internet or in a group mode.Methods and analysesThe aim of this study is to recruit 84–120 outpatients from the Psychosis Clinics of Helsinki University Hospital and the City of Helsinki Health Services. The main inclusion criteria are a diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and self-reported sleep problems. The study will be performed on a cyclic basis, with a target of 12–24 patients per cycle. Participants are randomly assigned into three groups: (1) a group receiving only treatment as usual (TAU), (2) internet-based individual therapy for insomnia (iCBT-I)+TAU or (3) group therapy for insomnia (GCBT-I) conducted via a virtual platform+TAU. The primary outcome measures are quantitative changes in the Insomnia Severity Index score and/or changes in health-related quality of life using the 15D quality of life measure. Secondary outcomes include self-reported variables for sleep, health, stress and the severity of psychotic and depressive symptoms; objective outcomes include actigraphy and bed sensor data to evaluate circadian rhythms and motor activity. Outcome measures are assessed at baseline and after the treatment period at weeks 12, 24 and 36.Ethics and disseminationThe Coordinating Ethics Committee of the Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa, Finland, approved the study protocol. The results will be published in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberNCT04144231.
Development, implementation and usefulness of an intervention to support psychological resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic: a study from a Swedish hospital based on interviews, documents and a survey
Authors: Taxén Mariel , Tolf Sara , Appelbom Sophia , Sjöström-Bujacz Aleksandra , Baresso Ninveh , Herber Karin , Johansson Annika , Keita My , Ramstedt Lotta , Bringby Anna Wik , Stenfors Terese , Mazzocato Pamela 
Published: August 2024

ObjectivesA range of interventions to support psychological resilience among healthcare workers were provided in hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic. Most research has focused on the content and experience of these interventions, but less is known about their implementation. The aim of this study was to increase understanding of the development, implementation and perceived usefulness of an intervention to support psychological resilience among healthcare workers at a Swedish hospital during the pandemic.DesignThis study employs interviews and documents to explore the development and implementation of support activities and a survey to assess the usefulness of the activities (on a scale from 1 to 5). Qualitative content analysis was used to analyse the interview data and documents. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the survey data.SettingsA tertiary hospital in the outskirts of Region Stockholm.ParticipantsEight individual interviews were conducted with actors involved in developing the intervention. 286 healthcare workers answered the survey.ResultsSupport activities were developed and implemented by an internal multidisciplinary group who continuously identified and adapted activities to the needs of staff. The strategy of involving existing resources to jointly develop and continuously adapt staff support activities was beneficial for the implementation and longevity of the intervention. Scheduling difficulties were one of the challenges. The mean ratings of the activities ranged from 2.27 for one-on-one counselling to 3.25 for physical activity. Licensed practical nurses generally valued the activities higher than other professional groups.ConclusionsThe provision of activities to support psychological resilience in a crisis is facilitated by the ability of an organisation to use current resources in the face of a crisis, which is a sign of organisational resilience. Leaders who act quickly and create the conditions to test and learn under uncertainty can contribute to developing effective responses to a crisis.
Effects of ultrasound-guided thoracolumbar interfascial plane block combined with general anaesthesia versus general anaesthesia alone on emergence agitation in children with cerebral palsy undergoing selective posterior rhizotomy: protocol for a randomised controlled clinical trial
Authors: Li Xueyang , Huang Xiao , Xu Kai , Zan Jingwei , Liu Guokai , Sun Yuan , Ren Huilong 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionSelective posterior rhizotomy (SPR) is a preferred procedure for relieving spastic children with cerebral palsy, but it is associated with severe pain and significant emergence agitation (EA). The thoracolumbar interfascial plane (TLIP) block provides an effective blockade to the dorsal branch of the spinal nerve. We hypothesise that the TLIP block may be an effective tool to alleviate EA and postoperative pain scores in children with cerebral palsy undergoing SPR.Methods and analysisThis study is a single-centre, randomised, parallel-controlled trial being conducted in Beijing, China. A total of 50 paediatric patients with cerebral palsy scheduled for SPR are randomised in a 1:1 ratio to receive bilateral TLIP block with 0.2% ropivacaine 0.5 mL/kg or control. Patients in the TLIP group receive general anaesthesia combined with TLIP block, while patients in the control group receive only general anaesthesia, without a TLIP block. The primary outcome is the Paediatric Anaesthesia Emergence Delirium Score. The secondary outcomes are the incidence of EA, the Wong-Baker Faces Pain-rating Scale, the perioperative haemodynamics, the intraoperative remifentanil and propofol dosage, the extubation time and recovery time, and adverse reactions.Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine on 21 September 2023 (2023DZMEC-379–02). Written informed consent is obtained from the legal guardian of each patient. The results of this study will be published in peer-reviewed international journals.Trial registration numberChiCTR2300076397
Efficacy and safety of dynamic arterial elastance for weaning vasopressor support in septic shock patients: a randomised controlled trial protocol
Authors: Alvarado Sánchez Jorge Iván , Montañez-Nariño Andrea Valentina , Cárdenas-Bolivar Yenny Rocio , Stozitzky-Ríos Maria Valentina , Mora-Salamanca Andrés Felipe 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionThe dynamic arterial elastance (EaDyn), calculated as pulse pressure variation divided by stroke volume variation, has been studied as a predictor of vasopressor weaning. However, its potential as a haemodynamic tool for tapering off vasopressors in patients with sepsis remains unexplored. Therefore, our study aimed to assess whether using EaDyn for weaning vasopressor support could reduce the duration of vasopressor support in patients with sepsis.Methods and analysisThis pragmatic single-centre controlled clinical trial will take place at Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Colombia. Adult patients diagnosed with septic shock according to the sepsis-3 criteria and a Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score ≥4 will be included. A total of 114 patients (57 per group) will undergo conventional critical care monitoring, and the weaning of vasopressor support will be initiated based on the EaDyn or mean arterial pressure (MAP), depending on the assigned group. EaDyn will be estimated based on the measurements obtained from a PiCCO device connected to a PulsioFlex Monitoring Platform (PULSION Medical Systems SE, Feldkirchen, Germany). Our primary outcome is the difference in vasopressor support duration between the EaDyn and MAP groups.Participants and statisticians performing the statistical analysis will be blinded to the group allocation. Dependent and independent variables will be analysed through univariate and multivariate statistical tests. Since we will perform three repeated measurements for analysis, we will implement a Bonferroni post hoc correction. Additionally, Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier analyses will be conducted to address objectives related to time.Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by the Ethics Committee at Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá (CCEI-16026-2024). Written informed consent will be obtained from all participants. The results will be disseminated through publication in peer-reviewed journals and presentations at national and international events.Trial registration numberNCT06118775.
What do patients with heart failure disclose about medication adherence at home to their hospital and primary care doctors? Exploratory interaction-based observational cohort study
Authors: Frigaard Christine , Menichetti Julia , Schirmer Henrik , Bjørnstad Herman , Breines Simonsen Tone , Wisløff Torbjørn , Gulbrandsen Pål , Gerwing Jennifer 
Published: August 2024

ObjectivesThe main objective of this study was twofold: to investigate what kind of information patients with heart failure (HF) tell their doctors about their medication adherence at home, and how often such information is provided in consultations where medication reconciliation is recommended. To meet these objectives, we developed an analysis to recognise, define, and count (1) patient utterances including medication adherence disclosures in clinical interactions (MADICI), (2) MADICI including red-flags for non-adherence, and (3) MADICI initiated by patients without prompts from their doctor.DesignExploratory interaction-based observational cohort study. Inductive microanalysis of authentic patient–doctor consultations, audio-recorded at three time-points for each patient: (1) first ward visit in hospital, (2) discharge visit from hospital, and (3) follow-up visit with general practitioner (GP).SettingNorway (2022–2023).Participants25 patients with HF (+65 years) and their attending doctors (23 hospital doctors, 25 GPs).ResultsWe recognised MADICI by two criteria: (1) they are about medication prescribed for use at home, AND (2) they involve patients’ action, experience, or stance regarding medications. Using these criteria, we identified 427 MADICIs in 25 patient trajectories: 143 (34%) at first ward visit (min–max=0–35, median=3), 57 (13%) at discharge visit (min–max=0–8, median=2), 227 (53%) at GP-visit (min–max=2–24, median=7). Of 427 MADICIs, 235 (55%) included red-flags for non-adherence. Bumetanide and atorvastatin were most frequently mentioned as problematic. Patients initiated 146 (34%) of 427 MADICIs. Of 235 ‘red-flag MADICIs’, 101 (43%) were initiated by patients.ConclusionsSelf-managing older patients with HF disclosed information about their use of medications at home, often including red-flags for non-adherence. Patients who disclosed information that signals adherence problems tended to do so unprompted. Such disclosures generate opportunities for doctors to assess and support patients’ medication adherence at home.
Does outsourcing enable the survival of good care homes? A longitudinal analysis of all care homes in England, 2011–2023
Authors: Bach-Mortensen Anders Malthe , Goodair Benjamin , Degli Esposti Michelle 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundIt is unclear whether outsourcing has enabled the growth and survival of the best care homes, as intended. We aimed to test whether ownership (for-profit, public and third sector (non-profit)) influences determinants of closure among all care homes in England, 2011–2023.MethodsWe created a dataset of all care homes from 2011 to 2023 (29 548 care homes and 8346 closures) and Care Quality Commission inspections from 2014 to 2023 (n=65 726). Using logistic regression, we investigated determinants of care home closures including care home characteristics (eg, number of beds), service registrations (eg, dementia and nursing), quality (inspection ratings) and area deprivation. We then tested for interaction effects; specifically exploring (1) whether the determinants of closure vary by ownership and (2) whether quality differences between active and closed for-profit and third sector/public homes vary by area deprivation.ResultsThe prevalence of for-profit care homes increased from 2011 to 2023. Ownership was a key determinant of care home closure; public and third sector care homes were almost twice as likely to close than for-profit providers (OR 1.8; 95% CI 1.44 to 2.24, p<0.001 and OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.37 to 1.76, p<0.001, respectively). Although care quality was also a significant determinant of closure, this association varied by care home ownership. For example, public and third sector homes rated ‘good’ were 7.6 percentage points (p<0.001) and 5.9 percentage points (p<0.001) more likely to close than for-profit homes with the same rating. Lastly, the quality of for-profit homes is heavily influenced by area deprivation, and the best active homes in deprived areas are operated by public and third sector providers.ConclusionOur findings suggest that outsourcing of care services has not promoted the survival of the best care homes and may have adverse effects on the equity and accessibility of care. This calls for a reassessment of current policies to ensure that vulnerable populations have continued access to adequate quality of care.