bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Default mode network abnormalities during state switching in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Sidlauskaite J. , Sonuga-Barke E. , Roeyers H. , Wiersema J. R. 
Published: October 2015

BackgroundIndividuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) display excess levels of default mode network (DMN) activity during goal-directed tasks, which are associated with attentional disturbances and performance decrements. One hypothesis is that this is due to attenuated down-regulation of this network during rest-to-task switching. A second related hypothesis is that it may be associated with right anterior insula (rAI) dysfunction – a region thought to control the actual state-switching process.MethodThese hypotheses were tested in the current fMRI study in which 19 adults with ADHD and 21 typically developing controls undertook a novel state-to-state switching paradigm. Advance cues signalled upcoming switches between rest and task periods and switch-related anticipatory modulation of DMN and rAI was measured. To examine whether rest-to-task switching impairments may be a specific example of a more general state regulation deficit, activity upon task-to-rest cues was also analysed.ResultsAgainst our hypotheses, we found that the process of down-regulating the DMN when preparing to switch from rest to task was unimpaired in ADHD and that there was no switch-specific deficit in rAI modulation. However, individuals with ADHD showed difficulties up-regulating the DMN when switching from task to rest.ConclusionsRest-to-task DMN attenuation seems to be intact in adults with ADHD and thus appears unrelated to excess DMN activity observed during tasks. Instead, individuals with ADHD exhibit attenuated up-regulation of the DMN, hence suggesting disturbed re-initiation of a rest state.
The shared experience of caring: a study of care-workers' motivations and identifications at work
Authors: BJERREGAARD KIRSTIEN , HASLAM S. ALEXANDER , MEWSE AVRIL , MORTON THOMAS 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTThis article presents an analysis of long-term care-workers' work motivation that examines the way this is shaped by the social contexts in which they operate. We conducted a thematic analysis of 19 in-depth interviews with care-workers. Three core themes were identified as underpinning their motivation: those of ‘fulfilment’, ‘belonging’ and ‘valuing’, and together these contributed to a central theme of ‘pride’. We also found an overarching theme of ‘shared experience’ to be integral to the way in which care-workers made sense of their motivation and work experience. We draw on the social identity approach to provide a conceptual framework through which to understand how this shared experience shapes care-workers' motivation and the quality of care they deliver. In particular, we note the importance that care-workers' attach to their relationships with clients/patients and highlight the way in which this relational identification shapes their collective identification with their occupation and organisation and, through this, their motivation.
The Newton tree: geometric interpretation and applications to the motivic zeta function and the log canonical threshold
Authors: CASSOU-NOGUÈS PIERRETTE , VEYS WILLEM 
Published: October 2015

AbstractLet${\mathcal I}$be an arbitrary ideal in${\mathbb C}$[[x,y]]. We use the Newton algorithm to compute by induction the motivic zeta function of the ideal, yielding only few poles, associated to the faces of the successive Newton polygons. We associate a minimal Newton tree to${\mathcal I}$, related to using good coordinates in the Newton algorithm, and show that it has a conceptual geometric interpretation in terms of the log canonical model of${\mathcal I}$. We also compute the log canonical threshold from a Newton polygon and strengthen Corti's inequalities.
Micromeasure distributions and applications for conformally generated fractals
Authors: FRASER JONATHAN M. , POLLICOTT MARK 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe study the scaling scenery of Gibbs measures for subshifts of finite type on self-conformal fractals and applications to Falconer's distance set problem and dimensions of projections. Our analysis includes hyperbolic Julia sets, limit sets of Schottky groups and graph-directed self-similar sets.
Real zeros of Hurwitz–Lerch zeta and Hurwitz–Lerch type of Euler–Zagier double zeta functions
Authors: NAKAMURA TAKASHI 
Published: October 2015

AbstractLet 0 < a ⩽ 1, s, z ∈ ${\mathbb{C}}$ and 0 < |z| ⩽ 1. Then the Hurwitz–Lerch zeta function is defined by Φ(s, a, z) ≔ ∑∞n = 0zn(n + a)− s when σ ≔ ℜ(s) > 1. In this paper, we show that the Hurwitz zeta function ζ(σ, a) ≔ Φ(σ, a, 1) does not vanish for all 0 < σ < 1 if and only if a ⩾ 1/2. Moreover, we prove that Φ(σ, a, z) ≠ 0 for all 0 < σ < 1 and 0 < a ⩽ 1 when z ≠ 1. Real zeros of Hurwitz–Lerch type of Euler–Zagier double zeta functions are studied as well.
Evaluation of a structured expert elicitation estimating the proportion of illness acquired by foodborne transmission for nine enteric pathogens in Australia
Authors: VALLY H. , GLASS K. , FORD L. , HALL G. , KIRK M. D. , SHADBOLT C. , VEITCH M. G. K. , FULLERTON K. E. , MUSTO J. , BECKER N. 
Published: October 2015

SUMMARYEstimates of the proportion of illness transmitted by food for different enteric pathogens are essential for foodborne burden-of-disease studies. Owing to insufficient scientific data, a formal synthesis of expert opinion, an expert elicitation, is commonly used to produce such estimates. Eleven experts participated in an elicitation to estimate the proportion of illnesses due to food in Australia for nine pathogens over three rounds: first, based on their own knowledge alone; second, after being provided with systematic reviews of the literature and Australian data; and finally, at a workshop where experts reflected on the evidence. Estimates changed significantly across the three rounds (P= 0·002) as measured by analysis of variance. Following the workshop in round 3, estimates showed smoother distributions with significantly less variation for several pathogens. When estimates were combined to provide combined distributions for each pathogen, the width of these combined distributions reflected experts’ perceptions of the availability of evidence, with narrower intervals for pathogens for which evidence was judged to be strongest. Our findings show that the choice of expert elicitation process can significantly influence final estimates. Our structured process – and the workshop in particular – produced robust estimates and distributions appropriate for inclusion in burden-of-disease studies.
Nurse and parent perceptions associated with the Parent Education Discharge Instruction Programme in southern India
Authors: Staveski Sandra L. , Parveen V. P , Madathil Sai B. , Kools Susan , Franck Linda S. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIntroductionParents of children with CHD require home care knowledge in order to ensure their child’s health and safety, but there has been no research on how to achieve this in a resource-constrained environment. The aim of this investigation was to compare parent and nurse perceptions of parent readiness for discharge after a structured nurse-led parent discharge teaching programme in India.Materials and methodsA pre-post design was used to compare parent and nurse perceptions of parental uncertainty and readiness for hospital discharge before and after introduction of the parent education discharge instruction programme in a paediatric cardiac surgery unit.ResultsParents (n=68) and nurses (n=63) participated in this study. After the discharge programme implementation, parents had less uncertainty (M=93.3 SD=10.7 versus M=83.6 SD=4.9, p=0.001) and ambiguity (M=40.8 SD=6.8 versus M=33.4 SD=3.7, p=0.001) about their child’s illness; however, they rated themselves as being less able to cope with the transition to home (M=24.3 SD=4.1 versus 23.1 SD=2.2, p=0.001) and as having less support at home than that required (M=31.5 SD=9.9 versus 30.9 SD=3.2, p=0.001). Parents’ and nurses’ perception of parental readiness for hospital discharge were more closely aligned after implementation of a nurse-led discharge programme (r=0.81, p=0.001).ConclusionThe results of this study suggest that the discharge programme had positive and negative effects on parental perceptions of uncertainty and readiness for discharge. Further examination is warranted to delineate these influences and to design methods for supporting parents during the transition to home care.
The positioning of palliative care in acute care: A multiperspective qualitative study in the context of metastatic melanoma
Authors: Fox Jennifer , Windsor Carol , Connell Shirley , Yates Patsy 
Published: October 2015

AbstractObjective:The positioning and meaning of palliative care within the healthcare system lacks clarity which adds a level of complexity to the process of transition to palliative care. This study explores the transition to the palliative care process in the acute care context of metastatic melanoma.Method:A theoretical framework drawing on interpretive and critical traditions informs this research. The pragmatism of symbolic interactionism and the critical theory of Habermas brought a broad orientation to the research. Integration of the theoretical framework and grounded-theory methods facilitated data generation and analysis of 29 interviews with patients, family carers, and healthcare professionals.Results:The key analytical findings depict a scope of palliative care that was uncertain for users of the system and for those working within the system. Becoming “palliative” is not a defined event; nor is there unanimity around referral to a palliative care service. As such, ambiguity and tension contribute to the difficulties involved in negotiating the transition to palliative care.Significance of Results:Our findings point to uncertainty around the scopes of practice in the transition to palliative care. The challenge in the transition process lies in achieving greater coherency of care within an increasingly specialized healthcare system. The findings may not only inform those within a metastatic melanoma context but may contribute more broadly to palliative practices within the acute care setting.
Psychometric Properties of the Formal Characteristics of Behavior-Temperament Inventory in Chinese Samples
Authors: Liu Wen , Chen Liang , Yang Ying , Zhang Shuai 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis paper presents a Chinese adaption of the Formal Characteristics of the Behavior-Temperament Inventory (FCB-TI), a self-report instrument that evaluates six temperamental scales, based on Strelau’s concept of temperament. A first sample of 626 undergraduates completed the Chinese version of the Regulative Theory of Temperament Questionnaire (RTTQ), which is an initial pool of 381 items. Internal consistency suggests adequate reliability (.66 to .82), and an exploratory factor analysis revealed a six-factor solution consistent with the original instrument. A follow-up confirmatory factor analysis revealed good support for the temperament structure with a second sample of students (N = 2.980). Internal consistency and factorial structure were re-examined (Cronbach’s alpha ranged .64 to .85), and test-retest correlations over a two-week period ranged from .82 to .96 with a third sample of adults (N = 2.265). Convergent and discriminant validity was explored in relation to the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revision Short Scale for Chinese (EPQ-RSC) model dimensions. Results indicate that the Chinese version of the FCB-TI has similar psychometric properties and generally satisfactory reliability and validity.
Losing Hurts: The Happiness Impact of Partisan Electoral Loss
Authors: Pierce Lamar , Rogers Todd , Snyder Jason A. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPartisan identity shapes social, mental, economic, and physical life. Using a novel dataset, we study the consequences of partisan identity by examining the immediate impact of electoral loss and victory on happiness and sadness. Employing a quasi-experimental regression discontinuity model we present two primary findings. First, elections strongly affect the immediate happiness/sadness of partisan losers, but minimally impact partisan winners. This effect is consistent with psychological research on the good-bad hedonic asymmetry, but appears to dissipate within a week after the election. Second, the immediate happiness consequences to partisan losers are relatively strong. To illustrate, we show that partisans are affected two times more by their party losing the 2012 U.S. Presidential Election than both respondents with children were to the Newtown shootings and respondents living in Boston were to the Boston Marathon bombings. We discuss implications regarding the centrality of partisan identity to the self and its well-being.
Ape parasite origins of human malaria virulence genes
Authors: Larremore Daniel B. , Sundararaman Sesh A. , Liu Weimin , Proto William R. , Clauset Aaron , Loy Dorothy E. , Speede Sheri , Plenderleith Lindsey J. , Sharp Paul M. , Hahn Beatrice H. , Rayner Julian C. , Buckee Caroline O. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAntigens encoded by the var gene family are major virulence factors of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum, exhibiting enormous intra- and interstrain diversity. Here we use network analysis to show that var architecture and mosaicism are conserved at multiple levels across the Laverania subgenus, based on var-like sequences from eight single-species and three multi-species Plasmodium infections of wild-living or sanctuary African apes. Using select whole-genome amplification, we also find evidence of multi-domain var structure and synteny in Plasmodium gaboni, one of the ape Laverania species most distantly related to P. falciparum, as well as a new class of Duffy-binding-like domains. These findings indicate that the modular genetic architecture and sequence diversity underlying var-mediated host-parasite interactions evolved before the radiation of the Laverania subgenus, long before the emergence of P. falciparum.
The thiostrepton A tryptophan methyltransferase TsrM catalyses a cob(II)alamin-dependent methyl transfer reaction
Authors: Benjdia Alhosna , Pierre Stéphane , Gherasim Carmen , Guillot Alain , Carmona Manon , Amara Patricia , Banerjee Ruma , Berteau Olivier 
Published: October 2015

AbstractRibosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs) are a novel class of natural products including several antibiotics and bacterial toxins. In countless RiPP biosynthetic pathways, cobalamin-dependent radical SAM (B12/rSAM) enzymes play a pivotal role. In the biosynthetic pathway of the antibiotic and anti-cancer agent thiostrepton A, TsrM, a B12/rSAM enzyme, catalyses the transfer of a methyl group to an electrophilic carbon atom of tryptophan. Here we show that methylcob(III)alamin is the probable physiological enzyme cofactor, and cob(II)alamin rather than cob(I)alamin is a key reaction intermediate. Furthermore, we establish that TsrM and a triple-alanine mutant alkylate cob(II)alamin efficiently leading to the synthesis of MeCbl. Exploiting TsrM substrate ambiguity, we demonstrate that TsrM does not catalyse substrate H-atom abstraction like most radical SAM enzymes. Based on these data, we propose an unprecedented radical-based C-methylation mechanism, which further expands the chemical versatility of rSAM enzymes.
Nano-guided cell networks as conveyors of molecular communication
Authors: Terrell Jessica L. , Wu Hsuan-Chen , Tsao Chen-Yu , Barber Nathan B. , Servinsky Matthew D. , Payne Gregory F. , Bentley William E. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAdvances in nanotechnology have provided unprecedented physical means to sample molecular space. Living cells provide additional capability in that they identify molecules within complex environments and actuate function. We have merged cells with nanotechnology for an integrated molecular processing network. Here we show that an engineered cell consortium autonomously generates feedback to chemical cues. Moreover, abiotic components are readily assembled onto cells, enabling amplified and ‘binned’ responses. Specifically, engineered cell populations are triggered by a quorum sensing (QS) signal molecule, autoinducer-2, to express surface-displayed fusions consisting of a fluorescent marker and an affinity peptide. The latter provides means for attaching magnetic nanoparticles to fluorescently activated subpopulations for coalescence into colour-indexed output. The resultant nano-guided cell network assesses QS activity and conveys molecular information as a ‘bio-litmus’ in a manner read by simple optical means.
Theta oscillations regulate the speed of locomotion via a hippocampus to lateral septum pathway
Authors: Bender Franziska , Gorbati Maria , Cadavieco Marta Carus , Denisova Natalia , Gao Xiaojie , Holman Constance , Korotkova Tatiana , Ponomarenko Alexey 
Published: October 2015

AbstractHippocampal theta oscillations support encoding of an animal’s position during spatial navigation, yet longstanding questions about their impact on locomotion remain unanswered. Combining optogenetic control of hippocampal theta oscillations with electrophysiological recordings in mice, we show that hippocampal theta oscillations regulate locomotion. In particular, we demonstrate that their regularity underlies more stable and slower running speeds during exploration. More regular theta oscillations are accompanied by more regular theta-rhythmic spiking output of pyramidal cells. Theta oscillations are coordinated between the hippocampus and its main subcortical output, the lateral septum (LS). Chemo- or optogenetic inhibition of this pathway reveals its necessity for the hippocampal regulation of running speed. Moreover, theta-rhythmic stimulation of LS projections to the lateral hypothalamus replicates the reduction of running speed induced by more regular hippocampal theta oscillations. These results suggest that changes in hippocampal theta synchronization are translated into rapid adjustment of running speed via the LS.
Probing molecular dynamics at the nanoscale via an individual paramagnetic centre
Authors: Staudacher T. , Raatz N. , Pezzagna S. , Meijer J. , Reinhard F. , Meriles C. A. , Wrachtrup J. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe demonstrate a protocol using individual nitrogen-vacancy centres in diamond to observe the time evolution of proton spins from organic molecules located a few nanometres from the diamond surface. The protocol records temporal correlations among the interacting protons, and thus is sensitive to the local dynamics via its impact on the nuclear spin relaxation and interaction with the nitrogen vacancy. We gather information on the nanoscale rotational and translational diffusion dynamics by analysing the time dependence of the nuclear magnetic resonance signal. Applying this technique to liquid and solid samples, we find evidence that liquid samples form a semi-solid layer of 1.5-nm thickness on the surface of diamond, where translational diffusion is suppressed while rotational diffusion remains present. Extensions of the present technique could be exploited to highlight the chemical composition of molecules tethered to the diamond surface or to investigate thermally or chemically activated dynamical processes such as molecular folding.
Replication stress caused by low MCM expression limits fetal erythropoiesis and hematopoietic stem cell functionality
Authors: Alvarez Silvia , Díaz Marcos , Flach Johanna , Rodriguez-Acebes Sara , López-Contreras Andrés J. , Martínez Dolores , Cañamero Marta , Fernández-Capetillo Oscar , Isern Joan , Passegué Emmanuelle , Méndez Juan 
Published: October 2015

AbstractReplicative stress during embryonic development influences ageing and predisposition to disease in adults. A protective mechanism against replicative stress is provided by the licensing of thousands of origins in G1 that are not necessarily activated in the subsequent S-phase. These ‘dormant’ origins provide a backup in the presence of stalled forks and may confer flexibility to the replication program in specific cell types during differentiation, a role that has remained unexplored. Here we show, using a mouse strain with hypomorphic expression of the origin licensing factor mini-chromosome maintenance (MCM)3 that limiting origin licensing in vivo affects the functionality of hematopoietic stem cells and the differentiation of rapidly-dividing erythrocyte precursors. Mcm3-deficient erythroblasts display aberrant DNA replication patterns and fail to complete maturation, causing lethal anemia. Our results indicate that hematopoietic progenitors are particularly sensitive to replication stress, and full origin licensing ensures their correct differentiation and functionality.
Bayesian integration of genetics and epigenetics detects causal regulatory SNPs underlying expression variability
Authors: Das Avinash , Morley Michael , Moravec Christine S. , Tang W. H. W. , Hakonarson Hakon ,   MAGNet Consortium, Ashley Euan A. , Brandimarto Jeffrey , Hu Ray , Li Mingyao , Li Hongzhe , Liu Yichuan , Qu Liming , Sanchez Pablo , Margulies Kenneth B. , Cappola Thomas P. , Jensen Shane , Hannenhalli Sridhar 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe standard expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) detects polymorphisms associated with gene expression without revealing causality. We introduce a coupled Bayesian regression approach—eQTeL, which leverages epigenetic data to estimate regulatory and gene interaction potential, and identifies combination of regulatory single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that explain the gene expression variance. On human heart data, eQTeL not only explains a significantly greater proportion of expression variance but also predicts gene expression more accurately than other methods. Based on realistic simulated data, we demonstrate that eQTeL accurately detects causal regulatory SNPs, including those with small effect sizes. Using various functional data, we show that SNPs detected by eQTeL are enriched for allele-specific protein binding and histone modifications, which potentially disrupt binding of core cardiac transcription factors and are spatially proximal to their target. eQTeL SNPs capture a substantial proportion of genetic determinants of expression variance and we estimate that 58% of these SNPs are putatively causal.
FR171456 is a specific inhibitor of mammalian NSDHL and yeast Erg26p
Authors: Helliwell Stephen B. , Karkare Shantanu , Bergdoll Marc , Rahier Alain , Leighton-Davis Juliet R. , Fioretto Celine , Aust Thomas , Filipuzzi Ireos , Frederiksen Mathias , Gounarides John , Hoepfner Dominic , Hofmann Andreas , Imbert Pierre-Eloi , Jeker Rolf , Knochenmuss Richard , Krastel Philipp , Margerit Anais , Memmert Klaus , Miault Charlotte V. , Rao Movva N. , Muller Alban , Naegeli Hans-Ulrich , Oberer Lukas , Prindle Vivian , Riedl Ralph , Schuierer Sven , Sexton Jessica A. , Tao Jianshi , Wagner Trixie , Yin Hong , Zhang Juan , Roggo Silvio , Reinker Stefan , Parker Christian N. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractFR171456 is a natural product with cholesterol-lowering properties in animal models, but its molecular target is unknown, which hinders further drug development. Here we show that FR171456 specifically targets the sterol-4-alpha-carboxylate-3-dehydrogenase (Saccharomyces cerevisiae—Erg26p, Homo sapiens—NSDHL (NAD(P) dependent steroid dehydrogenase-like)), an essential enzyme in the ergosterol/cholesterol biosynthesis pathway. FR171456 significantly alters the levels of cholesterol pathway intermediates in human and yeast cells. Genome-wide yeast haploinsufficiency profiling experiments highlight the erg26/ERG26 strain, and multiple mutations in ERG26 confer resistance to FR171456 in growth and enzyme assays. Some of these ERG26 mutations likely alter Erg26 binding to FR171456, based on a model of Erg26. Finally, we show that FR171456 inhibits an artificial Hepatitis C viral replicon, and has broad antifungal activity, suggesting potential additional utility as an anti-infective. The discovery of the target and binding site of FR171456 within the target will aid further development of this compound.