bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential regulation of sodium–potassium pump isoforms during smolt development and seawater exposure of Atlantic salmon
Authors: McCormick Stephen D. , Regish Amy M. , Christensen Arne K. , Björnsson Björn Thrandur 
Published: March 2013

SUMMARY
Freshwater and seawater isoforms of the alpha subunit of Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) have previously been identified in gill ionocytes of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). In the present study we examine the abundance and cellular localization of these isoforms during the parr–smolt transformation, a developmental process that is preparatory for seawater entry. The abundance of NKAα1a was lower in smolts than in parr, remained relatively constant during spring and decreased in summer. NKAα1b increased tenfold in smolts during spring, peaking in late April, coincident with downstream migration and increased salinity tolerance. NKAα1b increased a further twofold after seawater exposure of smolts, whereas NKAα1a decreased by 98%. The abundance of NKAα1b-positive, and NKAα1b and NKAα1a co-labeled ionocytes increased during smolt development, whereas the number of NKAα1a cells decreased. After seawater exposure of smolts, NKAα1b-positive ionocytes increased, NKAα1a-positive cells decreased, and co-labeled cells disappeared. Plasma growth hormone and cortisol increased during spring in smolts, but not in parr, peaking just prior to the highest levels of NKAα1b. The results indicate that the increase in the abundance of NKAα1b during smolt development is directly linked to the increase in salinity tolerance that occurs at this stage, but that significant changes also occur after seawater exposure. Spring increases in circulating levels of growth hormone and cortisol indicate that these hormones may be instrumental in upregulating NKAα1b during smolt development.
Adaptive beam-width control of echolocation sounds by CF–FM bats,Rhinolophus ferrumequinum nippon, during prey-capture flight
Authors: Matsuta Naohiro , Hiryu Shizuko , Fujioka Emyo , Yamada Yasufumi , Riquimaroux Hiroshi , Watanabe Yoshiaki 
Published: March 2013

SUMMARYThe echolocation sounds of Japanese CF–FM bats (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum nippon) were measured while the bats pursued a moth (Goniocraspidum pryeri) in a flight chamber. Using a 31-channel microphone array system, we investigated how CF–FM bats adjust pulse direction and beam width according to prey position. During the search and approach phases, the horizontal and vertical beam widths were ±22±5 and ±13±5 deg, respectively. When bats entered the terminal phase approximately 1 m from a moth, distinctive evasive flight by G. pryeri was sometimes observed. Simultaneously, the bats broadened the beam widths of some emissions in both the horizontal (44% of emitted echolocation pulses) and vertical planes (71%). The expanded beam widths were ±36±7 deg (horizontal) and ±30±9 deg (vertical). When moths began evasive flight, the tracking accuracy decreased compared with that during the approach phase. However, in 97% of emissions during the terminal phase, the beam width was wider than the misalignment (the angular difference between the pulse and target directions). These findings indicate that bats actively adjust their beam width to retain the moving target within a spatial echolocation window during the final capture stages.
Vitamin D dose response is underestimated by Endocrine Society's Clinical Practice Guideline
Authors: McKenna Malachi J , Murray Barbara F 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveThe recommended daily intakes of vitamin D according to the recent Clinical Practice Guideline (CPG) of the Endocrine Society are three- to fivefold higher than the Institute of Medicine (IOM) report. We speculated that these differences could be explained by different mathematical approaches to the vitamin D dose response.MethodsStudies were selected if the daily dose was ≤2000 IU/day, the duration exceeded 3 months, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentrations were measured at baseline and post-therapy. The rate constant was estimated according to the CPG approach. The achieved 25OHD result was estimated according to the following: i) the regression equation approach of the IOM; ii) the regression approach of the Vitamin D Supplementation in Older Subjects (ViDOS) study; and iii) the CPG approach using a rate constant of 2.5 (CPG2.5) and a rate constant of 5.0 (CPG5.0). The difference between the expected and the observed 25OHD result was expressed as a percentage of observed and analyzed for significance against a value of 0% for the four groups.ResultsForty-one studies were analyzed. The mean (95% CI) rate constant was 5.3 (4.4–6.2) nmol/l per 100 IU per day, on average twofold higher than the CPG rate constant. The mean (95% CI) for the difference between the expected and observed expressed as a percentage of observed was as follows: i) IOM, −7 (−16,+2)% (t=1.64, P=0.110); ii) ViDOS, +2 (−8,+12)% (t=0.40, P=0.69); iii) CPG2.5, −21 (−27,−15)% (t=7.2, P<0.0001); and iv) CPG5.0+3 (−4,+10)% (t=0.91, P=0.366).ConclusionThe CPG ‘rule of thumb’ should be doubled to 5.0 nmol/l (2.0 ng/ml) per 100 IU per day, adopting a more risk-averse position.
Neuropsychological dysfunction in idiopathic hypoparathyroidism and its relationship with intracranial calcification and serum total calcium
Authors: Aggarwal Sameer , Kailash Suparna , Sagar Rajesh , Tripathi Manjari , Sreenivas Vishnubhatla , Sharma Raju , Gupta Nandita , Goswami Ravinder 
Published: March 2013

BackgroundThere is limited information on neuropsychological and neurological dysfunctions in patients with idiopathic hypoparathyroidism (IH).ObjectiveTo assess neuropsychological and neurological dysfunctions in IH and its associated factors in a cross-sectional design.MethodNeuropsychological functions were assessed in 62 patients with IH and 70 controls using a battery of cognitive tests. Neurological assessment included extrapyramidal and cerebellar signs. Assessment of intracranial calcification and volume of basal ganglia calcification (BGC) were made on computed tomography and of calcium control by averaging serum total calcium values available during the follow-up.ResultsA significantly higher proportion of patients with IH showed neuropsychological dysfunctions than controls (32.3 (95% CI: 20.9–45.3) vs 5.7% (95% CI: 1.6–14.0),P<0.001). Neurological signs were present in 35.5% patients (extrapyramidal: 16.1%; cerebellar: 20.9%). Volume of BGC and number of sites with intracranial calcifications including cerebellum/dentate were comparable in patients with and without neuropsychological, extrapyramidal or cerebellar dysfunctions. Cognitive dysfunction score was lower by 1.7 points in males than in females (P=0.02) and increased by 0.21 and 5.5 for each year increase in the duration of illness (P=0.001) and one unit increase in serum calcium–phosphorus product (P=0.01) respectively. The scores improved by 0.27 for every mg% increase in serum calcium (P=0.001).ConclusionNeuropsychological dysfunctions are present in up to one-third of patients with IH and correlate with duration of illness, female gender, serum calcium and calcium–phosphorus product during follow-up but not with intracranial calcification. These dysfunctions may affect their daily functions, safety and drug compliance.
Autonomic nervous system balance in children and adolescents with craniopharyngioma and hypothalamic obesity
Authors: Cohen Michal , Syme Catriona , McCrindle Brian W , Hamilton Jill 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveDysregulation of the autonomic nervous system is thought to be involved in craniopharyngioma-related hypothalamic obesity (CRHO). Increased parasympathetic activity and decreased sympathetic activity have been suggested. We aimed to study autonomic activity using heart rate variability (HRV) and biochemical measures in youth with CRHO compared with controls and to explore relationships between obesity and autonomic indices.DesignA cross-sectional study of 16 youth with CRHO and 16 controls matched for sex, age, and BMI.MethodsAnthropometrics, fasting blood-work, resting energy expenditure (REE), 24-h HRV, and 24-h urine catecholamines were assessed. Quality of life, sleepiness, and autonomic symptoms were evaluated. Power spectral analysis of the HRV was performed.ResultsHRV power spectral analysis parameters of both parasympathetic activity (mean high frequency (HF (ms2)) 611±504 vs 459±336,P=0.325) and sympathetic activity (median low frequency/HF 1.62 (1.37, 2.41) vs 1.89 (1.44, 2.99),P=0.650) did not differ between the groups. Parasympathetic activity negatively correlated with central adiposity in both groups (r=−0.53,P=0.034 andr=−0.54,P=0.029) and sympathetic activity positively correlated with central adiposity in CRHO (r=0.51,P=0.043). Youth with CRHO had significantly lower REE; lower health and activity scores in the quality of life questionnaires, and higher sleepiness scores.ConclusionsAutonomic activity was similar in CRHO and control subjects. The degree of central adiposity correlated negatively with parasympathetic activity and positively with sympathetic activity in children with CRHO. These results provide a new perspective regarding autonomic balance in this unique patient population.
Biomimetic method for metallic nanostructured mesoscopic models fabrication
Authors: Strukov Gennady V. , Strukova Galina K. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTVarious metallic structures of complex shape, resembling natural objects such as plants, mushrooms, and seashells, were produced when growing nanowires by means of pulsed current electroplating in porous membranes. These structures occur as the result of nanowires self-assembling (biomimetics) if the electroplating is continued after the nanowires reach the membrane surface. By varying the membrane geometry and the pulsed current parameters, and alternating electroplating from two baths with different electrolytes, various models were fabricated, including a hollow container with wall thickness of 10-30 nm. The possibility of shape regulation for models was demonstrated: in certain conditions, mushroom- and shell-like convex-concave models of the same kind were obtained. The hierarchical structure of models at the nano-, micro- and mesoscopic levels is shown through fragmentation and chemical etching. This biomimetic method suggests an analogy between the shape-forming processes of natural plants and their metallic models. Nanostructured mesoscopic objects of metals (Ag, Pd, Rh, Ni, Bi), alloys (PdNi, PdCo, PbIn) as well as their combinations (PdNi/ Pb, PdNi/ PbIn) were obtained. The technological simplicity of the present method makes it suitable for fabricating nanostructured materials that may be efficient in catalysis, superhydrophobic applications, medical filters, and nanoplasmonics.
Soft tissue changes after mandibular setback and bimaxillary surgery in Class III patients
Authors: Jokić Davor , Jokić Dražen , Uglešić Vedran , Macan Darko , Knežević Predrag 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To evaluate the relationship between soft tissue and bone structure for Class III patients before and after bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO) and bimaxillary orthognathic surgery; to determine the impact of other factors on soft tissue change; and to evaluate correlations between thickness of tissue before surgery, SNA, SNB, and ANB angles, and soft tissue changes.

Materials and Methods:
The study included 78 Class III patients treated only with BSSO or with BSSO and Le Fort I osteotomy. Lateral cephalograms were taken before and 3 months to 1 year after surgery. After all points of the Zagreb82 and Legan and Burstone profile analysis were traced, the ratio of five soft tissue points before and after surgery was evaluated.

Results:
Soft tissue between points Sn and A and upper lip showed statistically significant changes for patients treated with bimaxillary surgery and BSSO. Only gender had an influence on soft tissue change. The correlation between soft tissue thickness and changes after surgery was significant. A change in SNB angle correlated with upper lip thickness for patients treated with BSSO but not for patients treated with BSSO and Le Fort I. SNA angle changes correlated with soft tissue changes between points Sn and A.

Conclusion:
Results of this study show soft tissue changes after BSSO and BSSO and Le Fort I and eliminate the deficiencies that were indicated in the meta-analysis of soft tissue changes from a previous study.
Eigenvalue results for pseudomonotone perturbations of maximal monotone operators
Authors: Kim In-Sook , Bae Jung-Hyun 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Let X be an infinite-dimensional real reflexive Banach space such that X and its dual X* are locally uniformly convex. Suppose that T: X⊃D(T) → 2X* is a maximal monotone multi-valued operator and C: X⊃D(C) → X* is a generalized pseudomonotone quasibounded operator with L ⊂ D(C), where L is a dense subspace of X. Applying a recent degree theory of Kartsatos and Skrypnik, we establish the existence of an eigensolution to the nonlinear inclusion 0 ∈ T
x + λ
C
x, with a regularization method by means of the duality operator. Moreover, possible branches of eigensolutions to the above inclusion are discussed. Furthermore, we give a surjectivity result about the operator λT + C when λ is not an eigenvalue for the pair (T, C), T being single-valued and densely defined.
Exponential generating function of hyperharmonic numbers indexed by arithmetic progressions
Authors: Mező István 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
There is a circle of problems concerning the exponential generating function of harmonic numbers. The main results come from Cvijovic, Dattoli, Gosper and Srivastava. In this paper, we extend some of them. Namely, we give the exponential generating function of hyperharmonic numbers indexed by arithmetic progressions; in the sum several combinatorial numbers (like Stirling and Bell numbers) and the hypergeometric function appear.
Approximate multiplication in adaptive wavelet methods
Authors: Černá Dana , Finěk Václav 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Cohen, Dahmen and DeVore designed in [Adaptive wavelet methods for elliptic operator equations: convergence rates, Math. Comp., 2001, 70(233), 27–75] and [Adaptive wavelet methods II¶beyond the elliptic case, Found. Comput. Math., 2002, 2(3), 203–245] a general concept for solving operator equations. Its essential steps are: transformation of the variational formulation into the well-conditioned infinite-dimensional l
2-problem, finding the convergent iteration process for the l
2-problem and finally using its finite dimensional approximation which works with an inexact right-hand side and approximate matrix-vector multiplication. In our contribution, we pay attention to approximate matrix-vector multiplication which is enabled by an off-diagonal decay of entries of the wavelet stiffness matrices. We propose a more efficient technique which better utilizes actual decay of matrix and vector entries and we also prove that this multiplication algorithm is asymptotically optimal in the sense that storage and number of floating point operations, needed to resolve the problem with desired accuracy, remain proportional to the problem size when the resolution of the discretization is refined.
Self-assembly of aniline oligomers and their induced polyaniline supra-molecular structures
Authors: Feng Jing , Jing Xinli , Li Yu 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAniline chemical oxidative polymerisation (COP), which produces various polyaniline (PANI) and oligoaniline supra-molecular structures, can be regarded as an in situ self-assembly process. This review provides a brief introduction to recent work on the structural characters and self-assembly behaviours of oligomeric aniline chemical oxidation products; it is focused on the relationships between the oligomeric species and morphology of the final products such as PANI nanoparticles, nanofibres/rods, nanotubes or oligoaniline nanosheets, micro/nanospheres in aniline COP systems. Several mechanisms proposed as explanations for the formation of typical supra-molecular structures are discussed in order to illustrate the roles of aniline oligomers. This article concludes with our perspectives on future work remaining to be done to uncover the formation mechanism of supra-molecular structures constructed by aniline chemical oxidation products and their controllable synthesis.
Translation, Cross-cultural Adaptation, and Clinimetric Testing of Instruments Used to Assess Patients With Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome in the Brazilian Population
Authors: Da Cunha Ronaldo Alves , Costa Leonardo Oliveira Pena , Hespanhol Luiz Carlos , Pires Raquel Simoni , Kujala Urho M. , Lopes Alexandre Dias 
Published: March 2013

Study Design Clinical measurement study. Objectives To cross-culturally adapt the Anterior Knee Pain Scale (AKPS), the Functional Index Questionnaire (FIQ), and the Pain Severity Scale (PSS) for patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) into Brazilian Portuguese. This study also aimed to test the measurement properties of the AKPS, the FIQ, and the PSS, and the existing Brazilian Portuguese versions of the numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) and the Global Perceived Effect scale in a group with PFPS. Background PFPS is a common condition. Therefore, translated, culturally adapted, and clinimetrically tested instruments for measuring PFPS are needed. Methods The AKPS, FIQ, and PSS instruments were cross-culturally adapted into Brazilian Portuguese. The measurement properties of the AKPS, FIQ, PSS, NPRS, and Global Perceived Effect scale (internal consistency, ceiling and floor effects, and construct validity) were tested in 83 patients with PFPS. The reproducibility and responsiveness were tested in 52 patients with PFPS in a test-retest design, with follow-up testing at 48 to 72 hours and at 4 weeks after baseline. Results The AKPS, the FIQ, and the PSS yielded adequate internal consistency (Cronbach alpha ranging from .75 to .87) and excellent reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients [model 2,1] ranging from 0.90 to 0.97). The AKPS and the PSS yielded very good agreement (standard error of measurement, 2.9% and 3.5%, respectively). The highest correlations were observed among the AKPS, the FIQ, and the PSS (Pearson r>0.60, P<.05). No floor or ceiling effects were observed for any of the instruments. Effect sizes used for measuring internal responsiveness ranged from moderate to high for all measures. The NPRS and the AKPS were the measures with the highest external responsiveness. Conclusion The Brazilian Portuguese versions of the AKPS, FIQ, PSS, NPRS, and global Perceived Effect scale have acceptable measurement properties. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2013;43(5):332–339. Epub 13 March 2013. doi:10.2519/jospt.2013.4228
Efficacy of Thrust and Nonthrust Manipulation and Exercise With or Without the Addition of Myofascial Therapy for the Management of Acute Inversion Ankle Sprain: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Truyols-Domínguez Sebastián , Salom-Moreno Jaime , Abian-Vicen Javier , Cleland Joshua A. , Fernández-De-Las-Peñas César 
Published: March 2013

Study Design Randomized clinical trial. Objective To compare the effects of thrust and nonthrust manipulation and exercises with and without the addition of myofascial therapy for the treatment of acute inversion ankle sprain. Background Studies have reported that thrust and nonthrust manipulations of the ankle joint are effective for the management of patients post-ankle sprain. However, it is not known whether the inclusion of soft tissue myofascial therapy could further improve clinical and functional outcomes. Methods Fifty patients (37 men and 13 women; mean ± SD age, 33 ± 10 years) post-acute inversion ankle sprain were randomly assigned to 2 groups: a comparison group that received a thrust and nonthrust manipulation and exercise intervention, and an experimental group that received the same protocol and myofascial therapy. The primary outcomes were ankle pain at rest and functional ability. Additionally, ankle mobility and pressure pain threshold over the ankle were assessed by a clinician who was blinded to the treatment allocation. Outcomes of interest were captured at baseline, immediately after the treatment period, and at a 1-month follow-up. The primary analysis was the group-by-time interaction. Results The 2-by-3 mixed-model analyses of variance revealed a significant group-by-time interaction for ankle pain (P<.001) and functional score (P = .002), with the patients who received the combination of nonthrust and thrust manipulation and myofascial intervention experiencing a greater improvement in pain and function than those who received the nonthrust and thrust manipulation intervention alone. Significant group-by-time interactions were also observed for ankle mobility (P<.001) and pressure pain thresholds (all, P<.01), with those in the experimental group experiencing greater increases in ankle mobility and pressure pain thresholds. Between-group effect sizes were large (d>0.85) for all outcomes. Conclusion This study provides evidence that, in the treatment of individuals post-inversion ankle sprain, the addition of myofascial therapy to a plan of care consisting of thrust and nonthrust manipulation and exercise may further improve outcomes compared to a plan of care solely consisting of thrust and nonthrust manipulation and exercise. However, though statistically significant, the difference in improvement in the primary outcome between groups was not greater than what would be considered a minimal clinically important difference. Future studies should examine the long-term effects of these interventions in this population. Level of Evidence Therapy, level 1b-. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2013;43(5):300–309. Epub 13 March 2013. doi:10.2519/jospt.2013.4467