bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative population genomics of latitudinal variation in Drosophila simulans and Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Machado Heather E. , Bergland Alan O. , O’Brien Katherine R. , Behrman Emily L. , Schmidt Paul S. , Petrov Dmitri A. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractExamples of clinal variation in phenotypes and genotypes across latitudinal transects have served as important models for understanding how spatially varying selection and demographic forces shape variation within species. Here, we examine the selective and demographic contributions to latitudinal variation through the largest comparative genomic study to date of Drosophila simulans and Drosophila melanogaster, with genomic sequence data from 382 individual fruit flies, collected across a spatial transect of 19 degrees latitude and at multiple time points over 2 years. Consistent with phenotypic studies, we find less clinal variation in D. simulans than D. melanogaster, particularly for the autosomes. Moreover, we find that clinally varying loci in D. simulans are less stable over multiple years than comparable clines in D. melanogaster. D. simulans shows a significantly weaker pattern of isolation by distance than D. melanogaster and we find evidence for a stronger contribution of migration to D. simulans population genetic structure. While population bottlenecks and migration can plausibly explain the differences in stability of clinal variation between the two species, we also observe a significant enrichment of shared clinal genes, suggesting that the selective forces associated with climate are acting on the same genes and phenotypes in D. simulans and D. melanogaster.
Y chromosome haplotype distribution of brown bears (Ursus arctos) in Northern Europe provides insight into population history and recovery
Authors: Schregel Julia , Eiken Hans Geir , Grøndahl Finn Audun , Hailer Frank , Aspi Jouni , Kojola Ilpo , Tirronen Konstantin , Danilov Piotr , Rykov Alexander , Poroshin Eugene , Janke Axel , Swenson Jon E. , Hagen Snorre B. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractHigh‐resolution, male‐inherited Y‐chromosomal markers are a useful tool for population genetic analyses of wildlife species, but to date have only been applied in this context to relatively few species besides humans. Using nine Y‐chromosomal STRs and three Y‐chromosomal single nucleotide polymorphism markers (Y‐SNPs), we studied whether male gene flow was important for the recent recovery of the brown bear (Ursus arctos) in Northern Europe, where the species declined dramatically in numbers and geographical distribution during the last centuries but is expanding now. We found 36 haplotypes in 443 male extant brown bears from Sweden, Norway, Finland and northwestern Russia. In 14 individuals from southern Norway from 1780 to 1920, we found two Y chromosome haplotypes present in the extant population as well as four Y chromosome haplotypes not present among the modern samples. Our results suggested major differences in genetic connectivity, diversity and structure between the eastern and the western populations in Northern Europe. In the west, our results indicated that the recovered population originated from only four male lineages, displaying pronounced spatial structuring suggestive of large‐scale population size increase under limited male gene flow within the western subpopulation. In the east, we found a contrasting pattern, with high haplotype diversity and admixture. This first population genetic analysis of male brown bears shows conclusively that male gene flow was not the main force of population recovery.
The Subject in Neuropsychology: Individuating Minds in the Split‐Brain Case
Authors: Schechter Elizabeth 
Published: November 2015

AbstractMany experimental findings with split‐brain subjects intuitively suggest that each such subject has two minds. The conceptual and empirical basis of this duality intuition has never been fully articulated. This article fills that gap, by offering a reconstruction of early neuropsychological literature on the split‐brain phenomenon. According to that work, the hemispheres operate independently of each other insofar as they interact via the mediation of effection and transduction—via behavior and sensation, essentially. This is how your mind and my mind interact with each other, however, giving rise to the intuition that a split‐brain subject has two minds.
Catheter Ablation of Recurrent Lone Atrial Fibrillation in Teenagers with a Structurally Normal Heart
Authors: BALAJI SESHADRI , KRON JACK , STECKER ERIC C. 
Published: November 2015

BackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF) is rare in teenagers. There are few reports and no clear guidelines on the management of AF with catheter ablation in teenagers.MethodsA case series of teenagers (<18 years) with paroxysmal AF and a structurally normal heart who underwent catheter ablation was undertaken.ResultsFour teenage boys aged 15–17 years underwent catheter ablation of AF. All but one had failed antiarrhythmic medical therapy. Two had focal triggers and underwent culprit vein isolation (one recurred and so underwent isolation of an additional vein), and two had no focal triggers identified and so underwent isolation of all four pulmonary veins (PVs). At follow‐up ranging from 2–6 years, one patient who underwent isolation of all four veins had recurrence of paroxysmal AF. All others have had medium and long‐term success with complete absence of AF. None are on long‐term antiarrhythmic therapy. No patient had a procedural or postprocedure complication.ConclusionsA cautious attempt at catheter ablation may be appropriate in teenagers with paroxysmal AF and a structurally normal heart who fail pharmacologic therapy. Culprit vein(s) isolation should be preferred if possible but if no focal triggers are identified, isolation of all PVs appears to be beneficial.
Outcomes of two‐drug maintenance immunosuppression for pediatric renal transplantation: 10‐yr follow‐up in a single center
Authors: Michael Mini , Minard Charles G. , Kale Arundhati S. , Brewer Eileen D. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractMinimizing IS to reduce side effects without compromising long‐term renal transplant survival is the goal of all IS protocols. We conducted a retrospective study of pediatric renal transplants performed August 1988 to July 2008 and treated with two‐drug maintenance therapy by one of three protocols: prednisone/cyclosporine without induction (SB) or with daclizumab induction (SBI), or tacrolimus/mycophenolate with daclizumab induction (SF). Kaplan–Meier survival curves were used to determine graft and patient survival at one, three, five, and 10 yr. Associations between graft survival and patient/transplant characteristics were determined using log‐rank test and CPH model adjusting for treatment group. About 208 patients were included in the analysis (96 SB, 97 SBI, 15 SF; 148 DD, 60 LD, 37 pre‐emptive). Overall graft and patient survival at one, three, five, and 10 yr were similar to the previously published results of pediatric renal transplants in similar years treated predominantly with three‐drug maintenance therapy (https://web.emmes.com/study/ped/annlrept/2010). Only biopsy‐proven TG was significantly associated with worse graft survival (HR 11.5, 95% CI: 3.4, 38.7). Malignancy rate was low (2.4%) with little PTLD (0.5%). Few opportunistic or other infections occurred (<5% patients). Minimizing IS to a two‐drug maintenance regimen had no adverse effect on long‐term transplant outcome and had low malignancy and infection rates.
Gustatory adaptation affects sexual maturation in male German cockroaches, Blattella germanica
Authors: Jensen Kim , Schal Coby , Silverman Jules 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAdaptations to hazardous environmental factors are essential for survival, although they may be maladaptive in conditions where the hazard is absent. In German cockroach (Blattella germanica L.) populations, glucose aversion has evolved rapidly in response to glucose‐containing insecticidal baits, but little is known about the consequences of this behaviour in the absence of bait. In the present study, glucose‐averse (GA) and wild‐type (WT) male German cockroaches are restricted to a range of nutritionally defined diets containing either glucose or fructose as the sole carbohydrate source, and time to first expression of courtship is measured by stimulating the male antennae daily with isolated antennae from receptive, 6‐day‐old females. Glucose‐averse males that are restricted to glucose‐containing diets mature their courtship responses significantly later than GA males restricted to fructose‐containing diets, whereas there is no difference in maturation of courtship responses between GA males restricted to fructose‐containing diets and WT males restricted to diets containing either sugar type. Glucose‐averse males furthermore respond later to GA female antennae than to WT female antennae, all from 6‐day‐old females. This suggests that GA females are less sexually stimulating, and the results are also consistent with earlier findings showing that GA females contain less developed oocytes than WT females at this age. These findings demonstrate that an adaptive gustatory mutation conferring protection from a toxin may have comparatively detrimental effects under conditions where the toxin has vanished, both by delaying female sexual maturation and signalling and by delaying male sexual maturation and courtship under conditions where glucose is a major energy source.
Interstitial lung disease associated with gemcitabine: A Japanese retrospective cohort study
Authors: Hamada Tsuyoshi , Yasunaga Hideo , Nakai Yousuke , Isayama Hiroyuki , Matsui Hiroki , Fushimi Kiyohide , Koike Kazuhiko 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackground and objectiveInterstitial lung disease (ILD) is a widely recognized adverse consequence of gemcitabine administration, but data on gemcitabine‐associated ILD are limited. This study aimed to elucidate the incidence and risk factors for this adverse event.MethodsPatients who underwent gemcitabine‐based chemotherapy between July 2010 and March 2013 were retrospectively identified using a Japanese nationwide administrative database. ILD was defined according to the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision, codes: J70.2–70.4, J84.1 and J84.9. The cumulative incidence and risk factors for ILD were evaluated using a competing risk analysis.ResultsIn total, 25 924 patients who underwent gemcitabine‐based chemotherapy were identified from 331 hospitals (primary cancer; pancreatic, urothelial, biliary tract, lung, ovarian and breast, in 9070, 5578, 4803, 4388, 1339 and746 patients, respectively). ILD was observed in 428 patients (1.7%), and the cumulative incidence was estimated at 1.1% (95% CI: 1.0–1.2%), 1.5% (95% CI: 1.4–1.7%) and 1.9% (95% CI: 1.7–2.1%) at 3, 6 and 12 months, respectively. In the multivariable regression model, age >80 years and lung cancer were the strongest predictors for ILD (subdistribution hazard ratio (SHR), 2.61; 95% CI: 1.69–4.02 and SHR, 2.81; 95% CI: 2.16–3.65, respectively). Other significant risk factors included heavy smoking, prior chemotherapy and advanced cancer stage.ConclusionThis study successfully demonstrated the clinical course of gemcitabine‐associated ILD. Clinical oncologists should stratify individual patients for risk of ILD based on identified risk factors and fully consider the indication for gemcitabine‐based chemotherapy.
Objective measurement of erythema in psoriasis using digital color photography with color calibration
Authors: Raina A. , Hennessy R. , Rains M. , Allred J. , Hirshburg J. M. , Diven D. G. , Markey M. K. 
Published: October 2015

BackgroundTraditional metrics for evaluating the severity of psoriasis are subjective, which complicates efforts to measure effective treatments in clinical trials.MethodsWe collected images of psoriasis plaques and calibrated the coloration of the images according to an included color card. Features were extracted from the images and used to train a linear discriminant analysis classifier with cross‐validation to automatically classify the degree of erythema. The results were tested against numerical scores obtained by a panel of dermatologists using a standard rating system.ResultsQuantitative measures of erythema based on the digital color images showed good agreement with subjective assessment of erythema severity (κ = 0.4203). The color calibration process improved the agreement from κ = 0.2364 to κ = 0.4203.ConclusionWe propose a method for the objective measurement of the psoriasis severity parameter of erythema and show that the calibration process improved the results.
Identification of a novel HLA‐A*02:06:01:02 allele in a Chinese individual by sequence‐based typing
Authors: Kwok J. , Ho J.C.Y. , Chan Y.S. , Soormally A. , Marsh S.G.E. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe new HLA‐A*02:06:01:02 allele differs from HLA‐A*02:06:01 by a C→G substitution in Intron 1.
Strengthening laboratory capacity through the surveillance of rotavirus gastroenteritis in Central Africa: the Surveillance Épidémiologique en Afrique Centrale (SURVAC) Project
Authors: Waku‐Kouomou Diane , Esona Mathew D. , Pukuta Elizabeth , Gouandijka‐Vasilache Ionela , Boula Angeline , Dahl Benjamin A. , Mondonge Vital , Mekontso David , Guifara Gilbert , Mbary‐Daba Regis , Lewis Jamie , Yahaya Ali Ahmed , Mwenda Jason M. , Cavallaro Kathleen F. , Gody Jean Chrysostome , Muyembe Jean‐Jacques , Koki‐Ndombo Paul , Bowen Michael D. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractObjectivesThe goal of the SURVAC pilot project was to strengthen disease surveillance and response in three countries; Cameroon (CAE), Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and Central African Republic (CAR).MethodsSeven laboratories involved in rotavirus surveillance were provided with equipment, reagents and supplies. CDC and WHO staff provided on‐site classroom and bench training in biosafety, quality assurance, quality control (QC), rotavirus diagnosis using Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA) and genotyping of rotavirus strains using the Reverse Transcription Polymerase‐chain reaction (RT‐PCR). All laboratory data were reported through WHO/AFRO.ResultsTwenty‐three staff members were trained on RT‐PCR for rotavirus genotyping which was introduced for the first time in all three countries. In CAE, the number of samples analysed by EIA and RT‐PCR increased tenfold between 2007 and 2013. In DRC, this number increased fivefold, from 2009 to 2013 whereas in CAR, it increased fourfold between 2011 and 2013. All laboratories passed WHO proficiency testing in 2014.ConclusionLaboratory capacity was strengthened through equipping laboratories and strengthening a subregional laboratory workforce for surveillance of rotavirus gastroenteritis. Each of the three countries generated rotavirus surveillance and genotyping data enabling the mapping of circulating genotypes. These results will help monitor the impact of rotavirus vaccination in these countries.
Trainees’ Self‐Reported Challenges in Knowledge Translation, Research and Practice
Authors: Lal Shalini , Urquhart Robin , Cornelissen Evelyn , Newman Kristine , Van Eerd Dwayne , Powell Byron J. , Chan Vivian 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTBackgroundKnowledge translation (KT) refers to the process of moving evidence into healthcare policy and practice. Understanding the experiences and perspectives of individuals who develop careers in KT is important for designing training programs and opportunities to enhance capacity in KT research and practice. To date, however, limited research has explored the challenges that trainees encounter as they develop their careers in KT.AimsThe purpose of this study is to identify the challenges that KT trainees face in their KT research or practice.MethodsAn online survey was conducted with a sample of trainees associated with the Knowledge Translation Trainee Collaborative or the KT Canada Summer Institutes, with written responses thematically analyzed.FindingsA total of 35 individual responses were analyzed, resulting in the identification of six interrelated themes, listed in descending order of prevalence: limited availability of KT‐specific resources (54%), difficulty inherent in investigating KT (34%), KT not recognized as a distinct field (23%), colleagues’ limited knowledge and understanding of KT (20%), competing priorities and limited time (20%), and difficulties in relation to collaboration (14%).DiscussionKT trainees experience specific challenges in their work: limited understanding of KT in other stakeholder groups; limited structures or infrastructure to support those who do KT; the inherently interdisciplinary and applied nature of KT; and the resultant complexities of scientific inquiry in this field, such as designing and testing multifaceted, multilevel implementation strategies and accounting for contextual factors.Linking Evidence to ActionKT training and capacity‐building efforts are needed to better position health systems to routinely adopt knowledge into healthcare policy and practice.
Effects of Lavender Tea on Fatigue, Depression, and Maternal‐Infant Attachment in Sleep‐Disturbed Postnatal Women
Authors: Chen Shu‐Lan , Chen Chung‐Hey 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTBackgroundLavender inhalation aromatherapy is widely believed to impart a hypnotic effect, act as a mood stabilizer, and enhance the positive feelings of mothers toward their infants. However, research into these and other potential therapeutic effects of lavender tea has been limited.AimsThis study was conducted in Taiwan to evaluate the effectiveness of lavender tea in relieving sleep quality, fatigue, and depression; and in improving maternal‐infant attachment during the early postpartum period.MethodsA total of 80 Taiwanese postnatal women with poor sleep quality (Postpartum Sleep Quality Scale; PSQS score ≥16) and with no history of allergy to herbal teas, foods, or medicines were assigned systematically to either the experimental group (n= 40) or the control group (n= 40). The participants in the experimental group were instructed to drink one cup of lavender tea after spending time to appreciate and smell the aroma each day for a period of 2 weeks, whereas their control group peers received regular postpartum care only. The PSQS, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, Postpartum Fatigue Scale, and Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire were used to assess outcomes.ResultsANCOVA analyses using education level and pretest scores as covariates showed that experimental group participants perceived less fatigue (F= 6.281,p= .014) and depression (F= 4.731,p= .033) and showed greater bonding with their infant (F= 4.022,p= .049) compared with the control group. However, the scores for all four instruments were similar for both groups at the 4‐week posttest, suggesting that the positive effects of lavender tea were limited to the immediate term.Linking Evidence to ActionHealthcare researchers assume accountability for integrating research results into clinical practice. The findings in this study can gain greater attention among healthcare practitioners and encourage the correct and positive use of herbal therapy in postpartum health care.
Developmental aspects of a life course approach to healthy ageing
Authors: Hanson M. A. , Cooper C. , Aihie Sayer A. , Eendebak R. J. , Clough G. F. , Beard J. R. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe examine the mechanistic basis and wider implications of adopting a developmental perspective on human ageing. Previous models of ageing have concentrated on its genetic basis, or the detrimental effects of accumulated damage, but also have raised issues about whether ageing can be viewed as adaptive itself, or is a consequence of other adaptive processes, for example if maintenance and repair processes in the period up to reproduction are traded off against later decline in function. A life course model places ageing in the context of the attainment of peak capacity for a body system, starting in early development when plasticity permits changes in structure and function induced by a range of environmental stimuli, followed by a period of decline, the rate of which depends on the peak attained as well as the later life conditions. Such path dependency in the rate of ageing may offer new insights into its modification. Focusing on musculoskeletal and cardiovascular function, we discuss this model and the possible underlying mechanisms, including endothelial function, oxidative stress, stem cells and nutritional factors such as vitamin D status. Epigenetic changes induced during developmental plasticity, and immune function may provide a common mechanistic process underlying a life course model of ageing. The life course trajectory differs in high and low resource settings. New insights into the developmental components of the life course model of ageing may lead to the design of biomarkers of later chronic disease risk and to new interventions to promote healthy ageing, with important implications for public health.
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Coupling Within-Host and Between-Host Infectious Diseases Models
Authors: Martcheva Maia , Tuncer Necibe , St Mary Colette 
Published: November 2015

Biological processes occur at distinct but interlinked scalesof organization. Yet, mathematical models are often focused on a single scale. Recently, there has been a significant interest in creating and using models that link the within-host dynamics and population level dynamics of infectious diseases. These types of multi-scale models, called immuno-epidemiological models, fall in four categories, dependent on the type of the epidemiological component of the model: network or IBM models, "nested'' age-since-infection structured models, ODE models, and"size-structured'' models. Immuno-epidemiological multi-scale models have been used to address a variety of questions, including what is the impact of within-host dynamics on population-level quantities such as reproduction number and prevalence, as well as questions related to evolution of the pathogen or co-evolution of theВ pathogen and the host. Here we review the literature onimmuno-epidemiological modeling as well as the main insights these models have created.
On the Approximation of the Cut and Step Functions by Logistic and Gompertz Functions
Authors: Iliev Anton Iliev , Kyurkchiev Nikolay , Markov Svetoslav 
Published: November 2015

We study the uniform approximation of the sigmoid cut function by smooth sigmoid functions such as the logistic and the Gompertz functions. The limiting case of the interval-valued В step function is В discussed В using В Hausdorff metric. В Various expressions for the error estimates of the corresponding uniform and Hausdorff approximations are obtained. Numerical examples are presented using CAS MATHEMATICA.