bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of inter-seasonal temperature and precipitation changes under global warming over Setif high plains region, vulnerability and adaptation
Authors: Bouregaa Tarek , Fenni Mohamed 
Published: November 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to assess the inter-seasonal temperature and precipitation changes in Setif high plains region under future greenhouse gas emissions, by using four general circulation models (GCMs) output data between three time slices of twenty-first century. The objective is to show the vulnerability of the region and the strategy of adaptation to these changes.

Design/methodology/approach
– This study investigates likely changes in seasonal temperature and precipitation over Setif high plains region (North East of Algeria) between three time slices: 2025, 2050 and 2075. The projections are based on the SRES A2 and B2 scenarios. MAGICC-SCENGEN 5.3v.2 was used as a tool for downscaling the four selected GCMs output data. The vulnerability of the region, coupled with the possible impacts climate change, stresses the need for adaptive strategies in key sectors in the region for the long term sustainable development.

Findings
– The results for change in seasonal temperature indicate a general warming under the two scenarios till the year 2075.The results of GFDLCM21 and GFDLCM20 show a general reduction of spring and autumn precipitations and an increase in winter and summer. BCCRBCM2 predicts a decrease in winter, spring and summer precipitations and an increase in autumn. Climate change, as well as increases in climate variability, will alter precipitation, temperature and evaporation regimes, and will increase the vulnerability of Setif high plains to changes in hydrological cycles. Climate and weather forecasting coupled with biotechnological advances in improving crop yields and tolerances to aridity, is likely to bring significant payoffs for strategy of adaptation in the field of agricultural water management.

Originality/value
– This work is one of the first to study inter-seasonal temperature and precipitation changes under global warming over the region, and suggest some adaptive strategies to limit the effect of these changes.
Prospects for transition to a knowledge-based economy in the Arab region
Authors: Satti Osman Mohamed Nour Samia 
Published: November 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine the challenges and opportunities for the transition to a knowledge-based economy in the Arab region.Design/methodology/approach– Both descriptive and comparative approaches are used, together with the framework and definition of “knowledge-based economy” often used in the international literature to examine the challenges and opportunities for a transition to a knowledge-based economy in the Arab region.Findings– The findings support the hypothesis concerning the challenges and opportunities for transition to a knowledge-based economy in the Arab region. This transition is seriously impeded by several political, social, economic, institutional and organisational obstacles and impediments. Overcoming the major challenges hindering the transition to knowledge-based economies will involve changing the economic structure by shifting from (rent-seeking) natural resources-based (oil) economies to knowledge-based economies in the Arab region.Originality/value– This paper is valuable because it fills the gap in the Arab literature by presenting a more comprehensive analysis and investigating the challenges and opportunities for the transition, which previous literature has failed to adequately discuss. Moreover, the paper supports the efforts aimed at enhancing knowledge-based economies in the Arab region. The findings imply that it is essential for the Arab region to overcome challenges by implementing sound strategies for their transition to knowledge economies and improving and enhancing appropriate investments in human capital, effective institutions, relevant technologies and innovative and competitive enterprises to facilitate such a transition.
Seeing is believing: novel imaging techniques help clarify microbial nanowire structure and function
Authors: Lovley Derek R. , Malvankar Nikhil S. 
Published: November 2014

SummaryNovel imaging approaches have recently helped to clarify the properties of ‘microbial nanowires’. Geobacter sulfurreducens pili are actual wires. They possess metallic‐like conductivity, which can be attributed to overlapping pi‐pi orbitals of key aromatic amino acids. Electrostatic force microscopy recently confirmed charge propagation along the pili, in a manner similar to carbon nanotubes. The pili are essential for long‐range electron transport to insoluble electron acceptors and interspecies electron transfer. Previous claims that Shewanella oneidensis also produce conductive pili have recently been recanted, based on novel live‐imaging studies. The putative pili are, in fact, long extensions of the cytochrome‐rich outer membrane and periplasm that, when dried, collapse to form filaments with dimensions similar to pili. It has yet to be demonstrated whether the cytochrome‐to‐cytochrome electron hopping documented in the dried membrane extensions takes place in intact hydrated membrane extensions or whether the membrane extensions enhance electron transport to insoluble electron acceptors such as Fe(III) oxides or electrodes. These findings demonstrate that G. sulfurreducens conductive pili and the outer membrane extensions of S. oneidensis are fundamentally different in composition, mechanism of electron transport and physiological role. New methods for evaluating filament conductivity will facilitate screening the microbial world for nanowires and elucidating their function.
The potency of indigenous “bibles” and biographies: Mapuche shamanic literacy and historical consciousness
Authors: BACIGALUPO ANA MARIELLA 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTMapuche oral shamanic biographies and performances—some of which take the form of “bibles” and involve shamanic literacies—play a central role in the production of indigenous history in southern Chile. In this article, I explain how and why a mixed‐race Mapuche shaman charged me with writing about her life and practice in the form of such a “bible.” This book would become a ritual object and a means of storing her shamanic power by textualizing it, thereby allowing her to speak to a future audience. The realities and powers her “bible” stored could be extracted, transformed, circulated, and actualized for a variety of ends, even to bring about shamanic rebirth. Ultimately, I argue, through their use and interpretation of this kind of “bible,” Mapuche shamans expand academic notions of indigenous history and literacy. [shaman, text, Bible, mestizo, history, literacy, Mapuche, Chile]
The long count of historical memory: Ixhil Maya ceremonial speech in Guatemala
Authors: GARCÍA MARÍA LUZ 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTViolence and death in Guatemala's recent war loom large in Ixhil Maya historical memory. Analyses of wartime memories have largely focused on overt political activism or on trauma and brokenness rather than on activities that many Maya consider crucial to community reconstruction. In the Ixhil region, where the deceased are active members of the community, one such activity is the ceremony for the reburial of war dead exhumed from clandestine graves. A close ethnography of local ways of speaking about the violent past during these ceremonies reveals that historical memory circulates and functions within Ixhil communities through new forms of speech articulated in traditional discourse patterns. This analysis has implications not only for understanding historical memory of war in Maya Guatemala but also for developing methodologies for studying memory in other postviolence contexts. [linguistic discourse, verbal art, historical memory, ethnography, Maya, Guatemala]
Bureaucratic gifts: Religious conversion, change, and exchange in Israel
Authors: KRAVEL‐TOVI MICHAL 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTViewing religious conversion through the lens of exchange rather than change calls attention to the web of interactions, practices, and discourses that constitute conversion as a relational domain. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork that straddles the institutionalized interface of state‐run Jewish conversion in Israel, I show how the conversion process constitutes a reciprocal transaction by which each party to the exchange—the state and its subjects—provides the other with national recognition while also receiving and thus validating its own national identity. I trace the historical and political circumstances that have entangled the Jewish state and a significant cohort of Jewish converts within this reciprocal relationship. In doing so, I identify the biopolitical, moral, and bureaucratic frameworks that bear on this institutional transaction. [conversion, reciprocity, exchange, biopolitics, bureaucracy, ethnography of the state, Jews, Israel]
Specific and unspecific gynecological alarm symptoms – prevalence estimates in different age groups: a population‐based study
Authors: Balasubramaniam Kirubakaran , Ravn Pernille , Larsen Pia V. , Søndergaard Jens , Jarbøl Dorte E. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo determine prevalence estimates of gynecological alarm symptoms in different age groups and to describe common patterns of gynecological symptoms.DesignWeb‐based cross‐sectional survey study.SettingNationwide in Denmark.PopulationA random sample of 51 090 women aged 20 years or above from the general population.MethodsAn internet‐based questionnaire study regarding the prevalence estimates of symptom experiences. A total of 18 symptoms of cervical, endometrial and ovarian cancer were selected through an extensive literature search, which included national and international guidelines.Main outcome measuresPrevalence estimates of self‐reported experience of gynecological alarm symptoms within the preceding 4 weeks.ResultsA total of 26 466 women (54.5%) participated in the study. Some 80.3% had experienced at least one of the alarm symptoms within the preceding 4 weeks, and the median number of experienced symptoms was 2 (interquartile range 1–4). The most common symptoms were tiredness (53.0%) and abdominal bloating (36.7%); postmenopausal bleeding (2.3%) and involuntary weight loss (2.8%) were least frequent. Most of the symptoms were more prevalent among younger women, whereas only dyspnea and increased urgency of urination were more frequent among older women. Among younger women, multiple abdominal symptoms often occurred simultaneously and frequently in combination with pelvic pain, whereas older women were more likely to report single symptoms.ConclusionsGynecological alarm symptoms are frequent in the general population, mostly among younger women. Older women reported fewer symptoms, and these often appeared as single symptoms.
Chylous ascites after laparoscopic donor nephrectomy
Authors: Tiong Ho Yee , Goel Raj K , White Wesley M , Goldfarb David A , Kaouk Jihad H 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this study was to determine the incidence, presentation, management, and outcomes of chylous ascites following laparoscopic donor nephrectomy.MethodsAn Internet‐based, multi‐institutional survey was performed using http://www.surveymonkey.com. An email invitation to the voluntary survey was sent to 30 transplant centers and posted on CenterSpan, an email forum for transplant surgeons. The number of living donor transplantations and the number of cases of chylous ascites with clinical information, treatment and outcomes were sought from the questionnaire.ResultsA total of 12 centers responded and reported 7683 cases of live donor nephrectomy. The reported incidence of postoperative chylous ascites was 0.013% (n = 12). Six centers reported 10 cases of chylous ascites following laparoscopic donor nephrectomy and 2 cases after open donor nephrectomy. Among the eight patients who developed chylous ascites following laparoscopic donor nephrectomy, presentation was typically 2 weeks after the date of initial surgery. Conservative therapy was successful in 50% of cases. Refractory ascites managed secondarily with surgical intervention had a success rate of 100%.ConclusionChylous ascites is a rare complication following laparoscopic donor nephrectomy. Initial treatment should be conservative, with surgical therapy reserved for refractory cases.
The interaction of child–parent shared reading with an augmented reality (AR) picture book and parents' conceptions of AR learning
Authors: Cheng Kun‐Hung , Tsai Chin‐Chung 
Published: November 2014

AbstractFollowing a previous study (Cheng & Tsai, 2014. Computers & Education.), this study aimed to probe the interaction of child–parent shared reading with the augmented reality (AR) picture book in more depth. A series of sequential analyses were thus conducted to infer the behavioral transition diagrams and visualize the continuity and paths of different learning behaviors. This study also explored the parents' conceptions of AR learning so as to understand more precisely how the children and their parents behaved. The results show that the parents in the “parent as dominator” group mostly considered AR learning as obstructing paper book reading and seemed to continually dominate the reading process to prevent the excessive use of mobile devices by their children. Compared with the parents in the other three groups, the parents in the “low communicative child–parent pair” group likely considered AR books as being a substitute for them reading to their children and did not frequently interact with them. The parents in the “communicative child–parent pair” and “children as dominator” groups played a mediating role during the learning process and generally showed positive beliefs about AR learning, such as considering learning by AR as fostering motivation and attaining in‐depth understandings. A framework for implementing child–parent shared AR book reading is proposed for pedagogical consideration.
Current treatment options with immunoglobulin G for the individualization of care in patients with primary immunodeficiency disease
Authors: Jolles S , Orange J S , Gardulf A , Stein M R , Shapiro R , Borte M , Berger M 
Published: November 2014

Summary
Primary antibody deficiencies require lifelong replacement therapy with immunoglobulin (Ig)G to reduce the incidence and severity of infections. Both subcutaneous and intravenous routes of administering IgG can be effective and well tolerated. Treatment regimens can be individualized to provide optimal medical and quality-of-life outcomes in infants, children, adults and elderly people. Frequency, dose, route of administration, home or infusion-centre administration, and the use of self- or health-professional-administered infusion can be tailored to suit individual patient needs and circumstances. Patient education is needed to understand the disease and the importance of continuous therapy. Both the subcutaneous and intravenous routes have advantages and disadvantages, which should be considered in selecting each patient's treatment regimen. The subcutaneous route is attractive to many patients because of a reduced incidence of systemic adverse events, flexibility in scheduling and its comparative ease of administration, at home or in a clinic. Self-infusion regimens, however, require independence and self-reliance, good compliance on the part of the patient/parent and the confidence of the physician and the nurse. Intravenous administration in a clinic setting may be more appropriate in patients with reduced manual dexterity, reluctance to self-administer or a lack of self-reliance, and intravenous administration at home for those with good venous access who prefer less frequent treatments. Both therapy approaches have been demonstrated to provide protection from infections and improve health-related quality of life. Data supporting current options in IgG replacement are presented, and considerations in choosing between the two routes of therapy are discussed.
Macro TSH in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism
Authors: Hattori Naoki , Ishihara Takashi , Yamagami Keiko , Shimatsu Akira 
Published: November 2014

SummaryObjectiveTSH is a sensitive indicator of thyroid function. In subclinical hypothyroidism, however, serum TSH concentrations are elevated despite normal thyroid hormone levels, and macro TSH is one of the causes. This study aimed to clarify the prevalence and nature of macro TSH in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism.DesignWe conducted a 2‐year cross‐sectional observational study.PatientsWe included 681 patients with subclinical hypothyroidism and 38 patients with overt hypothyroidism (controls).MeasurementsMacro TSH was screened by polyethylene glycol (PEG) method and analysed by gel filtration chromatography and bioassays.ResultsAmong 681 serum samples, 117 exhibited PEG‐precipitable TSH ratios greater than 75% (mean + 1·5 SD in controls) and were subjected to gel filtration chromatography. TSH was eluted at a position greater than 100 kDa in 11 patients with subclinical hypothyroidism (1·62%); these patients were diagnosed with macro TSH. The nature of macro TSH included eight anti‐TSH autoantibodies of IgG class, two non‐IgG‐associated and one human anti‐mouse antibody (HAMA). Macro TSH showed low bioactivity.ConclusionsMacro TSH was heterogeneous, but it is mostly comprised of TSH and anti‐TSH autoantibodies. When PEG‐precipitable TSH exceeds 90% in serum samples with TSH above 10 mU/l, clinicians should strongly suspect the presence of macro TSH and confirm it by gel chromatography. Because macro TSH exhibited low bioactivity, thyroid hormone replacement therapy may not be required in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism due to macro TSH except for those with high serum free TSH levels.
Congenital diseases and semaphorin signaling: Overview to date of the evidence linking them
Authors: Masuda Tomoyuki , Taniguchi Masahiko 
Published: November 2014

AbstractSemaphorins and their receptors, neuropilins and plexins, were initially characterized as a modulator of axonal guidance during development, but are now recognized as a regulator of a wide range of developmental events including morphogenesis and angiogenesis, and activities of the immune system. Owing to the development of next‐generation sequencing technologies together with other useful DNA assays, it has also become clear that semaphorin signaling plays a crucial role in many congenital diseases such as retinal degeneration and congenital heart defects. This review summarizes the recent knowledge about the relationship between a variety of congenital diseases and semaphorin signaling.
Crestal bone resorption in augmented bone using mineralized freeze‐dried bone allograft or pristine bone during submerged implant healing: a prospective study in humans
Authors: Huang Hsiang‐yun , Ogata Yumi , Hanley James , Finkelman Matthew , Hur Yong 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackgroundThere is limited evidence on the crestal bone level changes around implants placed in bone augmented by guided bone regeneration (GBR) during submerged healing. The purpose of this study was to prospectively compare radiographic crestal bone changes around implants placed in augmented bone with changes around implants placed in pristine bone.Materials and methodsPatients receiving dental implants in the augmented or pristine mandibular posterior edentulous ridge were included in the study. The digital standardized radiographs from the implant placement procedure were compared to the radiographs from the second‐stage procedure to evaluate the peri‐implant marginal bone level changes. The soft tissue thickness (ST), width of keratinized mucosa (wKM), and early cover screw exposure (eIE) were measured at the time of the second‐stage procedure.ResultsA total of 29 implants in 26 patients, 11 in augmented bone (test group) and 18 in pristine bone (control group), were analyzed. The mean peri‐implant bone loss (ΔBL) was 0.74 ± 0.74 mm (mean ± SD) in the test group and 0.25 ± 0.55 mm (mean ± SD) in the control group. The differences between the test and control groups in the mesial, distal, and mean peri‐implant crestal bone level changes were statistically significant (P = 0.009, P = 0.004, and P = 0.001, respectively). The confounding factors (ST, wKM, and eIE) were adjusted.ConclusionsMore peri‐implant crestal bone loss during the submerged healing period was observed in augmented bone than in pristine bone. Augmented bone may not exhibit the same characteristics as pristine bone during the implant submerged healing period.
Zinc transporter 8 autoantibodies: what is their clinical relevance in gestational diabetes?
Authors: Rudland V. L. , Pech C. , Harding A. J. , Tan K. , Lee K. , Molyneaux L. , Yue D. K. , Wong J. , Ross G. P. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAimsTo investigate the prevalence, clinical significance and antepartum to postpartum trajectory of zinc transporter 8 autoantibodies, a novel marker of islet autoimmunity, in women with gestational diabetes mellitus.MethodsA total of 302 consecutive women attending a multi‐ethnic Australian gestational diabetes clinic were prospectively studied. Zinc transporter 8 autoantibodies were measured at gestational diabetes diagnosis and 3 months postpartum using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and were correlated with maternal phenotype, antepartum and postpartum glucose tolerance, treatment and perinatal outcomes.ResultsOf the 302 women, 30 (9.9%) were positive for one islet autoantibody antepartum. No participant had multiple islet autoantibodies. Zinc transporter 8 autoantibodies were the most prevalent autoantibody [zinc transporter 8 autoantibodies: 13/271 women (4.8%); glutamic acid decarboxylase 7/302 women (2.3%); insulinoma‐associated antigen‐2: 6/302 women (2.0%); insulin: 4/302 women (1.3%)]. Zinc transporter 8 autoantibody positivity was associated with a higher fasting glucose level on the antepartum oral glucose tolerance test, but not with BMI, insulin use, perinatal outcomes or postpartum glucose intolerance. Five of the six women who tested positive for zinc transporter 8 autoantibodies antepartum were negative for zinc transporter 8 autoantibodies postpartum, which corresponded to a significant decline in titre antepartum to postpartum (26.5 to 3.8 U/ml; P=0.03). This was in contrast to the antepartum to postpartum trajectory of the other islet autoantibodies, which remained unchanged.ConclusionsZinc transporter 8 autoantibodies were the most common islet autoantibody in gestational diabetes. Zinc transporter 8 autoantibody positivity was associated with slightly higher fasting glucose levels and, unlike other islet autoantibodies, titres declined postpartum. Zinc transporter 8 autoantibodies may be a marker for islet autoimmunity in a proportion of women with gestational diabetes, but the clinical relevance of zinc transporter 8 autoantibodies in pregnancy and gestational diabetes requires further investigation.