bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leading the way: Changing the focus from teaching to learning in large subjects with limited budgets
Authors: Fildes Karen , Kuit Tracey , O'Brien Glennys , Keevers Lynne , Bedford Simon 
Published: February 2015

AbstractTo lead positive change in the teaching practice of teams that service large numbers of diverse students from multiple degree programs provides many challenges. The primary aim of this study was to provide a clear framework on which to plan the process of change that can be utilized by academic departments sector wide. Barriers to change were reduced by adapting and utilizing Kotter's principals of change specifically by creating a sense of urgency and defining a clear goal designed to address the problem. Changing attitudes involved training staff in new teaching and learning approaches and strategies, and creating a collaborative, supportive team‐based teaching environment within which the planned changes could be implemented and evaluated. As a result senior academics are now directly involved in delivering sections of the face‐to‐face teaching in the new environment. Through promoting positive change we enabled deeper student engagement with the theoretical concepts delivered in lectures as evidenced by favorable student evaluations, feedback, and improved final exam results. A collaborative team‐based approach that recognizes the importance of distributed leadership combined with a clearly articulated change management process were central to enabling academics to design, try, and evaluate the new teaching and learning practices. Our study demonstrates that a concerted focus on “change management” enabled teaching team members to adopt a major shift in the teaching and learning approach that resulted in measurable improvements in student learning. © 2015 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 43(2):88–99, 2015.
Engineering towards Nitroreductase Functionality in Ene‐Reductase Scaffolds
Authors: Park Jonathan T. , Gómez Ramos Lizzette M. , Bommarius Andreas S. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractNitroreductases (NRs) and ene‐reductases (ERs) both utilize flavin mononucleotide cofactors but catalyze distinct reactions. NRs reduce nitroaromatics, whereas ERs reduce unsaturated CC double bonds, and these functionalities are known to somewhat overlap. Recent studies on the ER xenobiotic reductase A (XenA) from Pseudomonas putida demonstrated the possibility of increasing NR activity with active site modifications. Structural comparison between NRs and ERs led us to hypothesize that active site cavity size plays an important role in determining enzyme functionality. Residues of ER KYE1 from Kluyveromyces lactis were selected to increase the binding pocket size, compensate for hydrogen bonding pattern changes, and eliminate ER activity. Single variants were screened, and promising mutations were combined. Variant F296A/Y275A showed a 100‐fold improvement in NR specific activity over wild‐type, and variant H191A/F296A/Y375A exhibited complete conversion to a NR.
Incidence, prognostic impact, and optimal definition of contrast‐induced acute kidney injury in consecutive patients with stable or unstable coronary artery disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. insights from the all‐comer PRODIGY trial
Authors: Crimi Gabriele , Leonardi Sergio , Costa Francesco , Ariotti Sara , Tebaldi Matteo , Biscaglia Simone , Valgimigli Marco 
Published: February 2015

BackgroundContrast‐induced acute kidney injury (CI‐AKI) is associated with poor outcome. Whether this association differs in stable coronary artery disease (CAD) as compared to acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients is unknown.Definitions and Methods: PRODIGY trial patients were defined as stable CAD or ACS according to the initial presentation. CI‐AKI was defined as an increase (Δ) of serum creatinine (SCr) ≥25% above baseline. Two endpoints were considered: all‐cause death and the composite of death, stroke, or myocardial infarction (MI). The interaction between CI‐AKI, clinical setting, and the impact of increasing ΔSCr% cut‐offs were also explored.ResultsTwo thousand three patients were enrolled in the PRODIGY trial, 85 patients were excluded for missing SCr data, leading to a population of 1,918 patients. CI‐AKI incidence was 6.7% in stable CAD and 12.2% in ACS patients. CI‐AKI was associated with all‐cause mortality [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of 2.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.38–3.05, P < 0.001] and the composite of death, stroke, or MI [aHR of 1.49, 95% CI 1.13–1.97, P < 0.001]. The risk of CI‐AKI for the composite endpoint was higher in stable CAD, P for interaction: 0.048. A ΔSCr of 35% was associated with the highest aHR for all‐cause mortality: 2.34 [95% CI, 1.46–3.76, P < 0.001] and the composite of death, stroke, or MI: 1.70 [95% CI, 1.20–2.40, P > 0.001].ConclusionsIn a large, contemporary, all‐comers percutaneous coronary intervention population, CI‐AKI was associated with an increased risk of all‐cause death and the composite of death, stroke, or MI. While CI‐AKI is more common in ACS than in stable CAD patients, its adjusted prognostic impact on the composite endpoint appears to be more pronounced in patients with stable CAD. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Another Challenge for the Presumed Safety Advantage of Bare Metal Stents
Authors: Vetrovec George W. 
Published: February 2015

Key Points

Compared to BMS, DES may pose no greater and likely less cardiovascular risk particularly after 90 days post‐implantation for patients undergoing noncardiac surgery (NCS) post‐PCI.
Optimal peri‐surgical antiplatelet and general risk (Statins etc) management remains to be specifically defined.
A creative, prospective, and ideally randomized trial of DES vs. BMS is needed in high‐risk patients with well defined need for pre‐operative PCI utilizing standardized adjunctive medical management.
While this analysis focuses on the comparative risk of DES vs. BMS, it remains clear that serious and even fatal events occur in patients undergoing NCS post particularly recent PCI regardless of stent type, thus re‐emphasizing the importance of risk assessment regarding need for pre‐operative PCI revascularization and the timing of NCS post PCI.
© 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The relationship between fractional flow reserve and index of microcirculatory resistance: Be careful with whom you associate
Authors: Kobayashi Yuhei , Tremmel Jennifer A. 
Published: February 2015

Key Points

The study by Murai et al. demonstrated that microvascular dysfunction, as assessed by IMR, is associated with reduced hyperemic coronary flow and a higher FFR immediately after PCI for stable angina.
Incorporating IMR and FFR measurements appears to be important for precisely assessing coronary physiology.
Future research is needed to determine whether knowledge of the presence of microvascular dysfunction might improve the accuracy and the prognostic value of FFR.
Fractional Flow Reserve for the Evaluation of Coronary Stenoses
Authors: Jeremias Allen , Stone Gregg W. 
Published: February 2015

Key Points

To guide the decision‐making process for coronary revascularization in the cath lab, FFR has been proven to enhance patient outcomes and reduce costs compared with angiography alone
However, FFR is prone to artifacts, may yield inaccurate results, and is under‐utilized in practice, in part because of the requisite use of hyperemia which is cumbersome and produces variable clinical responses
Interest is growing in resting indices such as Pd/Pa and iFR that do not require hyperemia and therefore simplify the procedure and allow for multiple pre‐ and post‐procedural lesion assessments
Two large randomized trials are ongoing comparing clinical outcomes with iFR vs. FFR that may determine the future adoption of resting coronary indices
In‐stent neoatherosclerosis and distal embolization: Lesion architecture, composition, and PCI compression
Authors: Goldstein James A. , Dixon Simon R. 
Published: February 2015

Key Points

This article teaches the importance of plaque composition as a risk factor for distal embolization complications.
This article may impact clinical practice by emphasizing the importance of plaque characterization of In‐Stent Restenosis.
This study has implications for future research on distal protection devices to prevent distal embolization.
Direct Electrochemical Addressing of Immobilized Alcohol Dehydrogenase for the Heterogeneous Bioelectrocatalytic Reduction of Butyraldehyde to Butanol
Authors: Schlager S. , Neugebauer H. , Haberbauer M. , Hinterberger G. , Sariciftci N. S. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractModified electrodes using immobilized alcohol dehydrogenase enzymes for the efficient electroreduction of butyraldehyde to butanol are presented as an important step for the utilization of CO2‐reduction products. Alcohol dehydrogenase was immobilized, embedded in an alginate–silicate hybrid gel, on a carbon felt (CF) electrode. The application of this enzyme to the reduction of an aldehyde to an alcohol with the aid of the coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), in analogy to the final step in the natural reduction cascade of CO2 to alcohol, has been already reported. However, the use of such enzymatic reductions is limited because of the necessity of providing expensive NADH as a sacrificial electron and proton donor. Immobilization of such dehydrogenase enzymes on electrodes and direct pumping of electrons into the biocatalysts offers an easy and efficient way for the biochemical recycling of CO2 to valuable chemicals or alternative synthetic fuels. We report the direct electrochemical addressing of immobilized alcohol dehydrogenase for the reduction of butyraldehyde to butanol without consumption of NADH. The selective reduction of butyraldehyde to butanol occurs at room temperature, ambient pressure and neutral pH. Production of butanol was detected by using liquid‐injection gas chromatography and was estimated to occur with Faradaic efficiencies of around 40 %.
Counter Electrodes for Quantum‐Dot‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Hwang Insung , Yong Kijung 
Published: February 2015

AbstractOn the basis of the many advantages of quantum dots (QDs) including multiple exciton generation, high absorption coefficient, and band‐gap energy controllability, quantum‐dot‐sensitized solar cells (QDSSCs) have been studied for a few decades. However, despite the many advantages, improvement in the power‐conversion efficiencies of QDSSCs has been stagnated for a long time. To suggest a breakthrough in this stagnated QDSSC field, counter electrodes (CEs) have been focused on and are introduced in this Review article. Counter electrodes have been paid relatively less attention, whereas QDs and photoanode structures have been intensively studied. Nevertheless, it is an unchanged fact that CEs are also of considerable importance in QDSSCs, as they hold the possibility to enhance the performance of QDSSCs. In this Review, as an introduction, the basic working principles of QDSSCs are covered, and some widely used analytical tools for CEs are discussed, such as current density–voltage measurements, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and Tafel polarization measurements. Then, some interesting representative work on CEs is introduced. Given that various types of CEs exist, categorization of the CEs was conducted as follows: noble metals, metal sulfides, carbon derivatives, conducting polymers, and combinations of these types. With this Review article, it is hoped that insight will be gained to achieve a breakthrough in the stagnant field of QDSSC research.
Morphology‐Controlled Self‐Assembly of an Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Porphyrin Derivative Containing Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane (POSS)
Authors: Liu Feng , Zhang Yuan , Xu Lei , Zhang Weian 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAn organic/inorganic hybrid porphyrin derivative, namely, metal‐free tetrakisphenyl porphyrin–polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (H2TPP‐POSS) was synthesized by azide–alkyne click chemistry. The self‐assembly behavior of H2TPP‐POSS was systematically studied in CHCl3 at different concentrations and in solvents with different polarities. Novel nanovesicles could be obtained through the self‐assembly of H2TPP‐POSS in CHCl3 at a concentration lower than 10−4 m. Diffuse microrods formed at a concentration higher than 10−4 M. Additionally, the polarity of the solvent also greatly influenced the assembled morphologies, and a series of assembled morphologies, including crescent‐shaped micelles, spherical micelles, doughnut‐shaped vesicles, and ordered square sheets, could form in solvents with different polarities.
Heterotrimetallic Coordination Polymers: {CuIILnIIIFeIII} Chains and {NiIILnIIIFeIII} Layers: Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Magnetic Properties
Authors: Alexandru Maria‐Gabriela , Visinescu Diana , Andruh Marius , Marino Nadia , Armentano Donatella , Cano Joan , Lloret Francesc , Julve Miguel 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe use of the [FeIII(AA)(CN)4]− complex anion as metalloligand towards the preformed [CuII(valpn)LnIII]3+ or [NiII(valpn)LnIII]3+ heterometallic complex cations (AA=2,2′‐bipyridine (bipy) and 1,10‐phenathroline (phen); H2valpn=1,3‐propanediyl‐bis(2‐iminomethylene‐6‐methoxyphenol)) allowed the preparation of two families of heterotrimetallic complexes: three isostructural 1D coordination polymers of general formula {[CuII(valpn)LnIII(H2O)3(μ‐NC)2FeIII(phen)(CN)2 {(μ‐NC)FeIII(phen)(CN)3}]NO3⋅7 H2O}n (Ln=Gd (1), Tb (2), and Dy (3)) and the trinuclear complex [CuII(valpn)LaIII(OH2)3(O2NO)(μ‐NC)FeIII(phen)(CN)3]⋅NO3⋅H2O⋅CH3CN (4) were obtained with the [CuII(valpn)LnIII]3+ assembling unit, whereas three isostructural heterotrimetallic 2D networks, {[NiII(valpn)LnIII(ONO2)2(H2O)(μ‐NC)3FeIII(bipy)(CN)]⋅2 H2O⋅2 CH3CN}n (Ln=Gd (5), Tb (6), and Dy (7)) resulted with the related [NiII(valpn)LnIII]3+ precursor. The crystal structure of compound 4 consists of discrete heterotrimetallic complex cations, [CuII(valpn)LaIII(OH2)3(O2NO)(μ‐NC)FeIII(phen)(CN)3]+, nitrate counterions, and non‐coordinate water and acetonitrile molecules. The heteroleptic {FeIII(bipy)(CN)4} moiety in 5–7 acts as a tris‐monodentate ligand towards three {NiII(valpn)LnIII} binuclear nodes leading to heterotrimetallic 2D networks. The ferromagnetic interaction through the diphenoxo bridge in the CuIILnIII (1–3) and NiIILnIII (5–7) units, as well as through the single cyanide bridge between the FeIII and either NiII (5–7) or CuII (4) account for the overall ferromagnetic behavior observed in 1–7. DFT‐type calculations were performed to substantiate the magnetic interactions in 1, 4, and 5. Interestingly, compound 6 exhibits slow relaxation of the magnetization with maxima of the out‐of‐phase ac signals below 4.0 K in the lack of a dc field, the values of the pre‐exponential factor (τo) and energy barrier (Ea) through the Arrhenius equation being 2.0×10−12 s and 29.1 cm−1, respectively. In the case of 7, the ferromagnetic interactions through the double phenoxo (NiII–DyIII) and single cyanide (FeIII–NiII) pathways are masked by the depopulation of the Stark levels of the DyIII ion, this feature most likely accounting for the continuous decrease of χMT upon cooling observed for this last compound.
Resolution of Mixed Site DNA Complexes with Dimer‐Forming Minor‐Groove Binders by Using Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry: Compound Structure and DNA Sequence Effects
Authors: Laughlin Sarah , Wang Siming , Kumar Arvind , Farahat Abdelbasset A. , Boykin David W. , Wilson W. David 
Published: February 2015

AbstractSmall‐molecule targeting of the DNA minor groove is a promising approach to modulate genomic processes necessary for normal cellular function. For instance, dicationic diamindines, a well‐known class of minor groove binding compounds, have been shown to inhibit interactions of transcription factors binding to genomic DNA. The applications of these compounds could be significantly expanded if we understand sequence‐specific recognition of DNA better and could use the information to design more sequence‐specific compounds. Aside from polyamides, minor groove binders typically recognize DNA at A‐tract or alternating AT base pair sites. Targeting sites with GC base pairs, referred to here as mixed base pair sequences, is much more difficult than those rich in AT base pairs. Compound 1 is the first dicationic diamidine reported to recognize a mixed base pair site. It binds in the minor groove of ATGA sequences as a dimer with positive cooperativity. Due to the well‐characterized behavior of 1 with ATGA and AT rich sequences, it provides a paradigm for understanding the elements that are key for recognition of mixed sequence sites. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS) is a powerful method to screen DNA complexes formed by analogues of 1 for specific recognition. We also report a novel approach to determine patterns of recognition by 1 for cognate ATGA and ATGA‐mutant sequences. We found that functional group modifications and mutating the DNA target site significantly affect binding and stacking, respectively. Both compound conformation and DNA sequence directionality are crucial for recognition.
Regio‐ and Chemoselective N‐1 Acylation of Indoles: Pd‐Catalyzed Domino Cyclization to Afford 1,2‐Fused Tricyclic Indole Scaffolds
Authors: Liu Yongxian , Huang Yuanqiong , Song Hongjian , Liu Yuxiu , Wang Qingmin 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA concise method for the synthesis of 1,2‐fused tricyclic indole scaffolds by domino cyclization involving a Pd‐catalyzed Sonogashira coupling, indole cyclization, regio‐ and chemoselective N‐1 acylation, and 1,4‐Michael addition is reported. This method provides straightforward access to tetrahydro[1,4]diazepino[1,2‐a]indole and hexahydro[1,5]diazocino[1,2‐a]indole scaffolds.
Power‐to‐Liquids: Synthetisches Rohöl aus CO2, Wasser und Sonne
Authors: Verdegaal Wolfgang Michael , Becker Sebastian , Olshausen Christian von 
Published: February 2015

AbstractFlüssigkraftstoffe können durch unterschiedliche Prozesse aus regenerativ erzeugtem Strom hergestellt werden (e‐fuels). Viele der sog. Power‐to‐Liquids (PtL) Verfahren basieren auf der Umsetzung von Wasserstoff und Kohlendioxid zu einem flüssigen Energieträger. In der Pilotanlage, die zurzeit in Dresden von der sunfire GmbH in Betrieb genommen wird, werden Dampfelektrolyse, CO2‐Konvertierung und die Fischer‐Tropsch‐Synthese in einem Prozess realisiert. In der Anlage soll die Machbarkeit des Prozesses demonstriert und dabei ein Fass flüssige Kohlenwasserstoffe pro Tag produziert werden.
Robust state space models for estimating fish stock maturities
Authors: Xu Ximing , Cantoni Eva , Flemming Joanna Mills , Field Chris 
Published: February 2015

AbstractHere, we formulate robust state space models (SSMs) and develop inference tools in the context of fisheries science and management. Our prototype model concerns the maturity of fish by age over time, knowledge of which is fundamental to understanding the dynamics and productivity of fish stocks, a key component in fish stock assessment. Our SSM incorporates dynamics over time and yields robust estimates of the proportion of fish mature at various ages for a collection of cohorts of interest. The estimates are obtained using an iterative weighted likelihood where the high‐dimensional unobserved dynamics of the SSM and the optimization over the fixed parameters are handled with the Automatic Differentiation Model Builder. The data used to both demonstrate and validate our new approach comes from the annual sampling program of Fisheries and Oceans Canada, the primary scientific and regulatory body responsible for stock assessments. In addition, we carried out a comprehensive simulation study to demonstrate the robustness of our approach to realistic contamination. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 43: 133–150; 2015 © 2015 Statistical Society of Canada
Photoswitching Behavior of a Cyclohexene‐Bridged versus a Cyclopentene‐Bridged Dithienylethene System
Authors: Steenbock Torben , Escribano Alejandra , Heck Jürgen , Herrmann Carmen 
Published: February 2015

AbstractPhotoswitching is an intriguing way of incorporating functionality into molecules or their subunits. Dithienylethene switches are particularly promising, but have so far mostly been studied with five‐membered ring (cyclopentenyl) backbones. We aim at comparing the switching properties of backbones with five and six carbon atoms in the ring. A major advantage is that cyclohexenyl rings offer new options for chiral functionalization. A slight change in the reaction conditions of a McMurry ring closure reaction leads to the formation of dithienyl derivatives with a cyclohexene backbone in reasonable yield. Density functional theory calculations were carried out, demonstrating the similarity of both compounds. Experimental results confirm the theoretical outcomes.
Combined Effects of Temperature, Pressure, and Co‐Solvents on the Polymerization Kinetics of Actin
Authors: Rosin Christopher , Estel Kathrin , Hälker Jessica , Winter Roland 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIn vivo studies have shown that the cytoskeleton of cells is very sensitive to changes in temperature and pressure. In particular, actin filaments get depolymerized when pressure is increased up to several hundred bars, conditions that are easily encountered in the deep sea. We quantitatively evaluate the effects of temperature, pressure, and osmolytes on the kinetics of the polymerization reaction of actin by high‐pressure stopped‐flow experiments in combination with fluorescence detection and an integrative stochastic simulation of the polymerization process. We show that the compatible osmolyte trimethylamine‐N‐oxide is not only able to compensate for the strongly retarding effect of chaotropic agents, such as urea, on actin polymerization, it is also able to largely offset the deteriorating effect of pressure on actin polymerization, thereby allowing biological cells to better cope with extreme environmental conditions.
Enhanced Catalytic Performance of (CuO)x/Ce0.9Cu0.1O2 Nanospheres: Combined Contribution of the Synergistic Effect and Surface Defects
Authors: Yang Hongxiao , Pan Yue , Xu Yucong , Yang Yanzhao , Sun Guoxin 
Published: February 2015

AbstractCopper‐modified ceria catalysts, (CuO)x/Ce0.9Cu0.1O2 nanospheres, for low‐temperature CO oxidation were fabricated simply by using the hydrothermal synthesis of Cu‐doped CeO2 (Ce0.9Cu0.1O2) nanospheres followed by deposition of CuO over Ce0.9Cu0.1O2. The X‐ray diffraction and electron spectroscopy characterizations demonstrated that the as‐prepared nanospheres were composed of cubic CeO2 and monoclinic CuO with a typical diameter of around 70 nm. Moreover, the X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis illustrated the coexistence of Ce4+/Ce3+ and Cu2+/Cu+ redox couples in (CuO)x/Ce0.9Cu0.1O2 and H2 temperature‐programmed reduction (TPR) measurements indicated the excellent reduction behavior of the catalyst. The Raman spectra illustrated the oxygen vacancy in (CuO)0.3/Ce0.9Cu0.1O2, and diffuse‐reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) demonstrated the stable existence of Cu+ species during CO oxidation. The (CuO)x/Ce0.9Cu0.1O2 nanospheres showed excellent catalytic activity toward CO oxidation in normal feed gas (volume ratio of CO/O2/N2=1:10:89) at ambient temperature. Catalytic tests revealed that the proportion of CuO in the final product has a strong influence on the resultant catalytic activities. The (CuO)x/Ce0.9Cu0.1O2 nanospheres hold great application potential as new catalysts for CO oxidation.