bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solitary wave and shock wave solutions of (1+1)-dimensional perturbed Klein-Gordon,(1+1)-dimensional Kaup-Keperschmidt and (2+1)-dimensional ZK-BBM equations
Authors: Younis Muhammad , Ali Safdar 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIn this paper, two different types of envelope solitons: solitary wave and shock wave have been obtained for the (1+1)-dimensional perturbed Klein-Gordon, (1+1)- dimensional Kaup-Keperschmidt and (2+1)-dimentional ZK-BBM equations using the solitary wave ansatz. The parameter regimes, for the existence of the solitons are identified during the derivation of the solution. Since, the nonlinear wave is one of the fundamental object of nature and a growing interest has been given to the propagation of nonlinear wave in dynamical system.
Observing the past to better understand thefuture: a synthesis of the Neogene climate inEurope and its perspectives on present climatechange
Authors: Prista Gonçalo A. , Agostinho Rui J. , Cachão Mário A. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA review of the entire Neogene climate in Europeis a useful tool for climate researchers, synthesizingpresent day knowledge on a variety of past warmer climatemodes thus facilitating the debate regarding possiblefuture climate scenarios in the Old Continent. This workcentres on the European scenario, debating possible futureprojections and describing the Miocene and Plioceneclimate in the Old Continent. With present evidences ofa global warming scenario, it is highly important that welook at past climatic events in order to better predict futureclimate changes impact in biodiversity. The review presentedhere synthesizes the literature regarding climate,faunal and floral evolution for the European Neogene, andaims to help palaeoclimatic researchers and climatologiststo characterize some of the boundary conditions for modellingpossible analogous of IPPC climate scenarios. If thefuture climate projections come to be true, it is shown thatthe Pliocene, and particularly the Mid Piacenzian WarmPeriod, should be considered as the best analogue for theimpact of a warming climate in Europe.
Lithium chloride improves the efficiency of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurospheres
Authors: Tafreshi Azita Parvaneh , Sylvain Aude , Sun Guizhi , Herszfeld Daniella , Schulze Keith , Bernard Claude C.A. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurospheres, which consist mainly of neural progenitors, are considered to be a good source of neural cells for transplantation in regenerative medicine. In this study, we have used lithium chloride, which is known to be a neuroprotective agent, in an iPSC-derived neurosphere model, and examined both the formation rate and size of the neurospheres as well as the proliferative and apoptotic status of their contents. Our results showed that lithium enhanced the formation and the sizes of the iPSC-derived neurospheres, increased the number of Ki67-positive proliferating cells, but reduced the number of the TUNEL-positive apoptotic cells. This increased number of Ki67 proliferating cells was secondary to the decreased apoptosis and not to the stimulation of cell cycle entry, as the expression of the proliferation marker cyclin D1 mRNA did not change after lithium treatment. Altogether, we suggest that lithium enhances the survival of neural progenitors and thus the quality of the iPSC-derived neurospheres, which may strengthen the prospect of using lithium-treated pluripotent cells and their derivatives in a clinical setting.
SIRT2 suppresses non-small cell lung cancer growth by targeting JMJD2A
Authors: Xu Weihua , Jiang Kanqiu , Shen Mingjing , Qian Yongyue , Peng Yong 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Lung cancer has been the most prolific cancer in China – as in the rest of the world – with a high death rate and low 5-year survival rate. Previous evidence showed that JMJD2A is over-expressed in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues, and that high level of JMJD2A predicts poor overall and disease-free survival. However, the mechanism by which JMJD2A is regulated in human NSCLC is not fully understood. In the present study, we identified that the SIRT2 as an anti-oncogenic protein in NSCLC was down-regulated. JMJD2A as a target of SIRT2 was negatively correlated with SIRT2 level in NSCLC. SIRT2 bound to the promoter region of JMJD2A and negatively regulated JMJD2A expression. In addition, we found that SIRT2 inhibited NSCLC cells proliferation, colony formation and tumor growth in vitro and in vivo in a JMJD2A-dependent manner. In summary, our findings implicate that SIRT2 suppresses non-small cell lung cancer growth through targeting JMJD2A and SIRT2 activator may serve as candidate drug for NSCLC therapy.
Novel mechanisms of action of classical chemotherapeutic agents on sphingolipid pathways
Authors: Hajj Carla , Becker-Flegler Katrin Anne , Haimovitz-Friedman Adriana 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe prevailing mechanisms of action of traditional chemotherapeutic agents have been challenged by sphingolipid cancer research. Many studies have shown that ceramide generation in response to cytotoxic agents is central to tumor cell death. Ceramide can be generated either via hydrolysis of cell-membrane sphingomyelin by sphingomyelinases, hydrolysis of cerebrosides, or viade novosynthesis by ceramide synthases. Ceramide can act as a second messenger for apoptosis, senescence or autophagy. Inherent or acquired alterations in the sphingolipid pathway can account for resistance to the classic chemotherapeutic agents. In particular, it has been shown that activation of the acid ceramidase can lead to the formation of sphingosine 1-phosphate, which then antagonizes ceramide signaling by initiating a pro-survival signaling pathway. Furthermore, ceramide glycosylation catalyzed by glucosylceramide synthase converts ceramide to glucosylceramide, thus eliminating ceramide and consequently protecting cancer cells from apoptosis. In this review, we describe the effects of some of the most commonly used chemotherapeutic agents on ceramide generation, with a particular emphasis on strategies used to enhance the efficacy of these agents.
Incident Management Approaches above the Incident Management Team Level in Australia
Authors: Bhandari Roshan Bhakta , Owen Christine , Trist Cain 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThis paper discusses incident management strategies widely used above the incident management team (IMT) level in the four Australian States namely, Victoria, New South Wales, Tasmania and Queensland. It begins with an overview of how incident management approaches above the IMT might differ from the local IMT level. By exploring this difference, this paper provides an insight into how emergency management personnel working above or beyond the local IMT level often deal with large scale multiple emergency events and require an understanding of broader problems that they might confront in the future. Then, it provides an outline of how strategic emergency management objectives are addressed in the state level arrangements in aforementioned jurisdictions. Specifically, this includes response orientations, state level emergency management facilities, long term thinking, the management of stakeholder relationships, leadership, and organisational adaptation and capacity building. Later, some of the challenges associated with incident management above the IMT level are discussed. Finally, the paper concludes by discussing the implications of this study to the emergency management sector.
Effect of Minor Additives on Bead Geometry and Shape Relationship Using Submerged Arc Welding Fluxes
Authors: Singh Brijpal , Khan Zahid Akhtar , Siddiquee Arshad Noor 
Published: February 2015

AbstractSubmerged arc welding (SAW) is extensively used because of its ability of metal refinement, deep penetration and protection from atmospheric contamination. In this study 20 base fluxes having CaO–SiO2–Al2O3 were prepared by agglomeration technique and CaF2, FeMn and NiO were added to study their effects on bead geometry (weld width, reinforcement and penetration) and shape relationship parameters (weld penetration shape factor and weld reinforcement form factor). The bead on plate welds was made on 18 mm thick MS plates using submerged arc welding. Welding parameters voltage, current and travel speed were kept constant. Design expert 8.0.7.1 has been used to develop mathematical models and ANOVA was used to check the accuracy and significance of the developed models. In this study the elements transferred to the welds during submerged arc welding have been correlated with the bead geometry.
New interval oscillation criteria
for second-order functional differential
equations with nonlinear damping
Authors: Öǧrekçi Süleyman 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
This paper concerns the oscillation problem of second-order nonlinear damped ODE with functional
terms.We give some new interval oscillation criteria which is not only based on constructing a lower solution of
a Riccati type equation but also based on constructing an upper solution for corresponding Riccati type equation.
We use a recently developed pointwise comparison principle between those lower and upper solutions to obtain our
results. Some illustrative examples are also provided to demonstrate our results.
The association between red blood cell
distribution width and acute pancreatitis
associated lung injury in patients with acute
pancreatitis
Authors: Peng You-Fan , Zhang Zhao-Xia , Cao Wei , Meng Cun-Ren , Xu Shen-Sheng , Zhang Qiong 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
B ackground: Red blood cell distribution width
(RDW) that describes red blood cell volume heterogeneity
is a common laboratory test. Our aim was to focus on
th e association between RDW and a c ute pancreatitis associated
lung injury (APALI). Methodology: A total of 152
acute pancreatitis (AP) patients who conformed to the criteria
w ere included in this study. The demographic data,
medical histories and laboratory measures was obtained
from each patient on admission, further, the medical histories
and biological data were analyzed, retrospectively.
Results: Increased RDW at admission was observed in
patients with APALI compared with the non-APALI groups.
Our results exhibited that RDW was an independent risk
factor for APALI after adjusting leukocyte, neutrophil percentage,
random blood glucose (RBG), total bilirubin (TB)
and total bile acid（TBA）(Crude model) (OR=2.671;CI
95% 1.145-6.230; P=0.023), further adjustment based on
Crude model for sex and age did not attenuate the significantly
high risk of APALI in patients with AP, RWD still
remained a ro les as an independent risk factor for APALI
(OR=2.653;CI95 % 1.123-6.138; P=0.026). Conclusions: Our study demonstrate that RDW at admission is associated
with APALI and should be considered as an underlying
risk factor of APALI.
Fractional thermal diffusion and the heat equation
Authors: Gómez Francisco , Morales Luis , González Mario , Alvarado Victor , López Guadalupe 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Fractional calculus is the branch of mathematical
analysis that deals with operators interpreted
as derivatives and integrals of non-integer order. This
mathematical representation is used in the description of
non-local behaviors and anomalous complex processes.
Fourier’s lawfor the conduction of heat exhibit anomalous
behaviors when the order of the derivative is considered
as 0 < β,ϒ ≤ 1 for the space-time domain respectively.
In this paper we proposed an alternative representation of
the fractional Fourier’s law equation, three cases are presented;
with fractional spatial derivative, fractional temporal
derivative and fractional space-time derivative (both
derivatives in simultaneous form). In this analysis we introduce
fractional dimensional parameters σx and σt with
dimensions of meters and seconds respectively. The fractional
derivative of Caputo type is considered and the analytical
solutions are given in terms of the Mittag-Leffler
function. The generalization of the equations in spacetime
exhibit different cases of anomalous behavior and
Non-Fourier heat conduction processes. An illustrative example
is presented.
Analysis of the tensile properties of natural fiber and particulate reinforced polymer composites using a statistical approach
Authors: Navaneethakrishnan Sadayan , Athijayamani Ayyanar 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
In the present study, the effect of fiber and (5% wt) coconut shell powder (CSP) loading on the tensile properties of randomly oriented roselle fiber reinforced vinyl ester (RV) composites was carried out. Composite specimens were fabricated using the hand lay-up technique. It was observed that tensile properties of vinyl ester composites increase upon reinforcement with roselle fibers and CSP particles. The reinforcement of roselle fibers has significant effects on the tensile strength and modulus of the composite. The fractographic study was carried out on the surface of fractured composite specimens using scanning electron microscopy. A better interfacial adhesion, fiber dispersion and less fiber pull out on the surface of fractured composite specimens were identified. The tensile strength of RV composites has also been statistically analyzed by two-parameter Weibull distribution. Twenty-five tension tests were carried out. The results obtained varied between 37.89 MPa and 45.07 MPa. Furthermore, the inspection of the developed distribution was examined by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) test. The results show that the gained two-parameter Weibull distribution can be used to express the tensile strength and predict its values accurately.
Fabrication of hollow fiber microfiltration membrane from PVDF/DBP/DBS system via thermally induced phase separation process
Authors: Song Zhenyu , Yang Wei , Zhang Jinghui , Li Ye , Yuan Shanshan 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes were prepared via a thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) process using mixed diluent consisting of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and dibutyl sebacate (DBS). The compatibility between PVDF and mixed diluent was predicted via the solubility parameter theory and verified by experimental results. The effects of mixed diluent composition on cloud point temperature, crystallization temperature, crystallinity, crystal phase and morphology of the membrane were investigated. As a result, as DBS mass fraction in mixed diluent increased, the cloud point temperature and the crystallinity increased, the crystal phase transformed from β phase to α phase and the morphology of the membrane cross-section changed from spherulitic structures to a bicontinuous structure. PVDF hollow fiber membranes were prepared successfully with the PVDF/DBP/DBS system via the TIPS method. The coagulant composition had a significant influence on the water permeability. When the dimethylacetamide (DMAc) content in the coagulant was 60%, the water permeability reached 877 l/m2·h, while the rejection rate to the particles with a size of 200–500 nm was above 95%.
Enhanced delivery of diclofenac diethylamine loaded Eudragit RL 100® transdermal system against inflammation
Authors: Ali Asgar , Kumar Nitin , Ahad Abdul , Aqil Mohd. , Sultana Yasmin 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
A transdermal therapeutic system (TTS) of diclofenac diethylamine (DDE) was developed to obtain a prolonged controlled drug delivery by the solvent evaporation technique. The matrix diffusion controlled systems used various combinations of hydrophilic (polyvinylpyrrolidone K30) and lipophilic (Eudragit RL 100® and Eudragit RS 100®) polymers containing dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (0, 5 and 10% w/w) as a penetration enhancer. In vitro drug release was improved with an increased fraction of hydrophilic polymer. Formulation F8 containing Eudragit RL 100® and polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 in the ratio 40:60 presented the highest drug release (92.45%) and permeation rate (0.0988±0.010 mg/cm2/h) with sustained release action for 48 h. In vivo pharmacodynamic study of DDE-loaded Eudragit RL 100® transdermal system (formulation F8) showed significant higher percent inhibition of rat paw edema compared with the marketed formulation of the drug. Our results suggest that a developed formulation is an efficient system for transdermal diclofenac delivery against inflammation. The optimized formulation was found to be stable and did not show physicochemical interaction. The system is envisaged to be stable for a sufficiently long period (2.52 years) at room temperature.
Theoretical study on the relative energies of cationic pterin tautomers
Authors: Nekkanti Sindhura , Martin Christopher B. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Pterins are heterocyclic molecules of biological importance that contain several basic sites. These molecules can be protonated in aqueous solution resulting in a wide variety of structures that differ in their site of protonation and tautomeric form. In the present study, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were used to determine the relative energies of various protonated tautomers of 6-methylpterin in aqueous solution. A total of 32 different structures are compared resulting from protonation at six different sites on six pterin tautomers. MP2 calculations were also used to support the calculated energies of the six most stable structures. We find that the most basic sites among all 6-methylpterin tautomers is N1, N8, and N5 of the lactam, respectively, followed by N1 of the lactim. Calculated charge densities of the neutral 6-methylpterin structures using a natural population analysis (NPA) support protonation at these sites.
Binding affinities of folic acid and related pterins with biological macromolecules under physiological conditions
Authors: Soniat Michael , Martin Christopher B. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Folic acid and pterin derivatives are important heterocyclic compounds found in a variety of biological systems and have been shown to be photochemically active. Understanding the amount of binding that various pterins have with biological macromolecules under physiological conditions is important in predicting what specific biomolecules will bind with pterins and may, therefore, result in photochemical damage from charge-transfer reactions. The relative binding of folic acid, or pteroyl-L-glutamic acid (PteGlu), 6-methylpterin (Mep), 6-hydroxymethylpterin (Hmp), 6-formylpterin (Fop), and 6-carboxypterin (Cap) with bovine serum albumin (BSA), electrically neutral lipid (ENL), polyguanylic acid (Poly G), polycytidylic acid (Poly C), polyadenylic acid (Poly A), polythymidylic acid (Poly T), Micrococcus luteus DNA (72% GC), Escherichia coli DNA (50% GC), calf thymus DNA (42% GC), and Clostridium perfrigens DNA (27% GC) in neutral phosphate buffer were studied. Our results indicate that PteGlu demonstrated strong binding to neutral lipids, while the other pterins showed minimal binding, and BSA had a significant binding to PteGlu, Cap, and especially Fop. Our results also reveal a high affinity for DNA by PteGlu, which suggests that a relatively high percentage of folic acid is bound to DNA before photochemistry occurs.
Zur anomalen Absorption bei der Röntgen-Strahl-Beugung an Realkristallen/On the anomalous absorption with X-ray diffraction in imperfect crystals
Authors: Schulze G. E. R. , Stephan D. 
Published: February 2015

Even imperfect thick crystals show consequences of Borrmann effect: 1. A light-dark structure of the tails of transmission-rocking curves can be detected. 2. The integrated intensities change.
A theoretical description of these phenomena is given. Experimental results and the information content especially of the tails of transmission curves are discussed in some detail.
Thermal Expansion of Silver Iodide
Authors: Jansson Bert , Sjöblom Carl-Axel 
Published: February 2015

The linear thermal expansivity of polycrystalline silver iodide has been measured with a "Fused-Quartz Tube" apparatus in the temperature range 170 - 500 °C, the mean linear thermal expansion coefficient being
αt
180=(2.607 + 0.00182 t) 10-5 (°C-1).
An irregular change in the thermal expansivity was found close to 432 °C where an order-disorder transition has been reported.
Gruppentheoretische Untersuchung der Bogoljubov — Valatin-Transformation und des HFB-Zustandes / Group Theoretical Investigation of the Bogoljubov—Valatin Transformation and the HFB State
Authors: Becker Heinz Günter 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The structure of the Bogoljubov -Valatin transformation and the HFB state is investigated by group-theoretical methods. A direct proof of the Bloch-Messiah factorization theorem shows that the second factor which contains the BCS part of the BV transformation can be chosen always real. An unitary representation of the Bogoljubov-Valatin group in the Fock space is constructed which allows to write down various equivalent expressions for the HFB state vector. The relation between the "unitary form" and the usual form of | HFB〉 is clarified using the "quasispin" concept in connection with a theorem about the factorization of the D(3) Lie group.
Irreversible Thermodynamics of Nonequilibrium Alignment Phenomena in Molecular Liquids and in Liquid Crystals
Authors: Hess Siegfried 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The previously derived nonlinear constitutive laws for the friction pressure and the alignment tensor are applied to viscous flow, to the flow-induced alignment (flow birefringence) and its reciprocal effect. It is demonstrated that these phenomena may be treated by one set of equations, both in the isotropic and in the nematic phases. The flow alignment in the isotropic phase is also investigated in the temperature range where this phase is metastable.
Simulation of the Electron Energy Relaxation in a Weakly Ionized Plasma
Authors: Müller K. G. , Müller W. O. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The motion of electrons in a weakly ionized plasma under the influence of an electric field is simulated by a Monte Carlo method. Elastic and inelastic electron-atom collisions are taken into account using the experimental cross sections. In an application to a low pressure argon positive column the temporal and spatial relaxation of the electron energy distribution is calculated for high electric fields (30 ≦ E/p0 ≦ V/cm Torr). The influence of the wall recombination and the anisotropy due to the high field can be shown.
Photoelectric Atomic Absorption Cross Sections for Elements Z = 6 to 54 in the Medium Energy X-Ray Range (5 to 25 keV) — Part I
Authors: Hildebrandt G. , Stephenson J. D. , Wagenfeld H. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Photoelectric atomic absorption cross sections have been calculated by means of hydrogen-like eigenfunctions for the atomic K, L, M and N sub-shells of the elements Z = 6 to 54, using revised screening constants and an extension of the theory. The absorption cross sections have been further separated into dipole and quadrupole components so that the numerical data can also be applied to the Borrmann effect.
Structure of Molten Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba by X-ray Diffraction
Authors: Waseda Y. , Yokoyama K. , Suzuki K. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
X-ray diffraction patterns have been measured on molten alkaline earth metals (Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba) in the temperature range from the melting points to 880 °C. In all cases the structure factors obtained were temperature insensitive. By the usual Fourier transformation of the structure factors, the atomic radial distribution functions were evaluated. From these the interatomic distances and coordination numbers were estimated. The structural information was applied to a discussion of the electron-transport properties using the Ziman theory.