bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anthracycline induced cardiac toxicity in pediatric Ewing sarcoma: A longitudinal study
Authors: Brown Tanya Renae , Vijarnsorn Chodchanok , Potts Jim , Milner Ruth , Sandor George G.S. , Fryer Christopher 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackgroundReports on incidence and factors associated with anthracycline cardiotoxicity in patients with Ewing sarcoma vary and few studies evaluate effect over time. Longitudinal trends in cardiac function and prognostic value of % decline in ejection fraction (EF) during therapy have not been previously described in Ewing sarcoma.ProcedureA retrospective review of patients age <17 years, diagnosed with Ewing sarcoma during 1978–2006, treated at British Columbia Children's Hospital with anthracycline chemotherapy was undertaken. Echocardiograms performed pre‐treatment, worst function during treatment, on therapy completion; worst function during surveillance and the most recent echocardiogram were reviewed. Cardiac toxicity was graded using Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v 3.0 and 4.0.ResultsAmong 71 eligible patients, median age at diagnosis 11.1 years, median cumulative dose of anthracycline was 365 mg/m2. There were 397 echocardiograms with 153 (39%) abnormal. There were 21/71 patients with EF < 50%, 11 with EF < 40% and five cardiac deaths including 2/3 patients post‐cardiac transplant. The median time to worst cardiac function was 51 months. Post‐therapy completion 16/71 patients with progressive decline in cardiac function were noted. No patient with 10–15% decline in EF during therapy developed cardiotoxicity. Younger age (P = 0.004) and low BMI (P = 0.034) as continuous variables with anthracycline administration by IV push (P = 0.03) were risk factors for cardiotoxicity on univariate analysis but not significant within logistic regression models.ConclusionsThe high incidence of cardiotoxicity associated with higher administered anthracycline dose, young age, bolus infusion, and EF decline warrants evaluation in a larger cohort. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60: 842–848. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cytokine profiles in children with primary Epstein–Barr virus infection
Authors: Wada Taizo , Muraoka Masahiro , Yokoyama Tadafumi , Toma Tomoko , Kanegane Hirokazu , Yachie Akihiro 
Published: February 2013

AbstractPrimary Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection causes infectious mononucleosis and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) in children, where EBV infects B and CD8+ T cells, respectively. We measured pro‐inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory cytokines in both diseases. Significantly higher concentrations of various mediators, including interferon‐γ, neopterin, interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐10, IL‐18, and heme oxygenase‐1, were observed in EBV‐HLH. Because of their similarity to the profile of familial HLH, this profile was likely a consequence of HLH, but not ectopic infection. TNF‐α levels were elevated in both diseases. Elevation of those mediators may contribute to the disease pathogenesis of EBV‐HLH by activating and inhibiting host immune responses. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60: E46–E48. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Methods for estimation of disparities in medication use in an observational cohort study: results from the Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Authors: McClelland Robyn L. , Jorgensen Neal W. , Post Wendy S. , Szklo Moyses , Kronmal Richard A. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTPurposeEvaluating disparities in health care is an important aspect of understanding differences in disease risk. The purpose of this study is to describe the methodology for estimating such disparities, with application to a large multi‐ethnic cohort study.MethodsThe Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis includes 6814 participants aged 45–84 years free of cardiovascular disease. Prevalence ratio (PR) regression was used to model baseline lipid lowering medication (LLM) or anti‐hypertensive medication use at baseline as a function of gender, race, risk factors, and estimated pre‐treatment biomarker values.ResultsHispanics and African Americans had lower prevalence of medication use than did non‐Hispanic whites, even at the same risk factor profile. This became non‐significant after adjusting for socioeconomic status. Although gender did not influence the prevalence of LLM use (PR = 1.09, 95%CI 0.95–1.25), there were differences in the association of diabetes and HDL with LLM use by gender. Men were significantly less likely to be on anti‐hypertensive medications than women (PR = 0.86, 95%CI 0.80–0.92, p < 0.001), and this was not explained by risk factors or socioeconomic status. Lack of health insurance strongly influenced medication use, controlling for risk factors and other markers of socioeconomic status.ConclusionsDisparities exist in the treatment of cholesterol and hypertension. Hispanics and African Americans had less use of LLM; men had less use of anti‐hypertensives. Risk factors have differential associations with medication use depending on gender. Methods described in this paper can provide improved disparity estimation in observational cohort studies. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Non‐destructive optical analysis of band gap profile, crystalline phase, and grain size for Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells deposited by 1‐stage, 2‐stage, and 3‐stage co‐evaporation
Authors: Ranjan Vikash , Begou Thomas , Little Scott , Collins Robert W. , Marsillac Sylvain 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTCu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) thin films co‐evaporated by 1‐stage, 2‐stage, and 3‐stage processes have been studied by spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE). The disappearance of a Cu2‐xSe optical signature, detected by real time SE during multistage CIGS, has enabled precise endpoint control. Band gap energies determined by SE as depth averages show little process variation for fixed [Ga]/([In] + [Ga]) atomic ratio, whereas their broadening parameters decrease with increasing number of stages, identifying successive grain size enhancements. Refined SE analysis has revealed band gap profiling only for 3‐stage CIGS. Solar cells incorporating these absorbers have yielded increased efficiencies in correlation with phase control, grain size, and band gap profiling. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
GaN growth on (111)Al substrates by CS‐MBE and their chemical lift‐off technique
Authors: Honda Tohru , Hayashi Masato , Sugiura Yohei , Takezawa Itsuki , Yamaguchi Tomohiro 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe low‐temperature growth of GaN on (0001) sapphire and (111)Al substrates by compound‐source molecular beam epitaxy (CS‐MBE) with was investigated. Although precise control of the V/III ratio was required for the growth, the near‐bandedge‐emission (NBE)‐dominant photoluminescence spectra of hexagonal GaN layers were observed at RT. The GaN layers were also grown on aluminum substrates with and without nitridation by CS‐MBE. Reflection high‐energy electron diffraction patterns of the layers indicate that the nitridation is effective for GaN growth by CS‐MBE on aluminum substrates. For further improvement of the GaN crystalline quality, the use of epitaxially grown Al layers as the substrates for the growth was proposed. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Lmo2 Induces Hematopoietic Stem Cell-Like Features in T-Cell Progenitor Cells Prior to Leukemia
Authors: Cleveland Susan M. , Smith Stephen , Tripathi Rati , Mathias Elizabeth M. , Goodings Charnise , Elliott Natalina , Peng Dunfa , El-Rifai Wael , Yi Dajun , Chen Xi , Li Liqi , Mullighan Charles , Downing James R. , Love Paul , Davé Utpal P. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
LIM domain only 2 (Lmo2) is frequently deregulated in sporadic and gene therapy-induced acute T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) where its overexpression is an important initiating mutational event. In transgenic and retroviral mouse models, Lmo2 expression can be enforced in multiple hematopoietic lineages but leukemia only arises from T cells. These data suggest that Lmo2 confers clonal growth advantage in T-cell progenitors. We analyzed proliferation, differentiation, and cell death in CD2-Lmo2 transgenic thymic progenitor cells to understand the cellular effects of enforced Lmo2 expression. Most impressively, Lmo2 transgenic T-cell progenitor cells were blocked in differentiation, quiescent, and immortalized in vitro on OP9-DL1 stromal cells. These cellular effects were concordant with a transcriptional signature in Lmo2 transgenic T-cell progenitor cells that is also present in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and early T-cell precursor ALL. These results are significant in light of the crucial role of Lmo2 in the maintenance of the HSC. The cellular effects and transcriptional effects have implications for LMO2-dependent leukemogenesis and the treatment of LMO2-induced T-ALL.
Multi‐SVM classifier system with piecewise interpolation
Authors: Li Boyang , Wang Qiangwei , Hu Jinglu 
Published: February 2013

AbstractSeveral researchers have shown that multiple classifier systems can result in effective solutions to difficult real‐world classification tasks. However, most of these approaches are easily influenced by noise, and the training datasets for local classifiers get easily imbalanced. One of the main reasons for this is that it is hard to guarantee that the centers of the subsets are close to the separation hyperplane, so that it is difficult to evenly distribute the samples in the two sides of the hyperplane. In order to solve this problem, we redefine the description of classifier modeling problem as a task of piecewise approximation of the separation hyperplane. On the basis of this description, we propose a novel multiple support vector machine (SVM) classifier system. Its main contribution is a novel construction approach to the subtraining datasets. The proposed approach partitions the area close to the separation hyperplane into some subsets to construct the subtraining datasets. The subtraining datasets describe the subtasks for identifying segments of the separation hyperplane. Local SVMs are trained to solve the respective subtasks. Finally, the decisions of these local SVMs are appropriately combined on the basis of a probabilistic interpretation to obtain the final classification decision. The effectiveness of this approach is demonstrated through comparisons with some well‐known approaches on both synthetic and real‐world datasets. © 2013 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Herstellung von Polymer‐ und Polymer‐Metalloxid‐Kompositschichten
Authors: Neubert Thomas , Vergöhl Michael 
Published: February 2013

AbstractOrganische Materialien werden bislang kaum in optischen Interferenzschichten eingesetzt. Ursächlich hierfür sind neben ihrer relativ geringen mechanischen Beständigkeit die oft komplexeren Technologien zur Herstellung dünner organischer Schichten und die im Vergleich zu oxidischen Materialien mangelhafteren optischen Eigenschaften. Dennoch bieten einige organische Materialien spezielle Eigenschaften, welche sie für den Einsatz in optischen Schichtsystemen durchaus interessant machen. Zwar sind diese Schichten relativ weich, jedoch können sie durch ihre hohe mechanische Flexibilität mechanische Spannungen in Schichtsystemen abbauen. Einige organische Materialien zeigen darüber hinaus spezielle optische Effekte wie Fluoreszenz oder intensive Farben, welche in optischen Schichtsystemen genutzt werden können. Hydrophile und hydrophobe organische Deckschichten können zudem das Verschmutzungsverhalten von optischen Schichtsystemen positiv beeinflussen. Aus diesem Grund stellen wir in diesem Artikel eine Reihe von Beschichtungstechniken für organische Substanzen aus der Gasphase vor und berichten über einige grundlegende optische und mechanische Schichteigenschaften sowie über wichtige Prozesscharakteristika.
Semantics and pragmatics
Authors: McNally Louise 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe fields of semantics and pragmatics are devoted to the study of conventionalized and context‐ or use‐dependent aspects of natural language meaning, respectively. The complexity of human language as a semiotic system has led to considerable debate about how the semantics/pragmatics distinction should be drawn, if at all. This debate largely reflects contrasting views of meaning as a property of linguistic expressions versus something that speakers do. The fact that both views of meaning are essential to a complete understanding of language has led to a variety of efforts over the last 40 years to develop better integrated and more comprehensive theories of language use and interpretation. The most important advances have included the adaptation of propositional analyses of declarative sentences to interrogative, imperative and exclamative forms; the emergence of dynamic, game theoretic, and multi‐dimensional theories of meaning; and the development of various techniques for incorporating context‐dependent aspects of content into representations of context‐invariant content with the goal of handling phenomena such as vagueness resolution, metaphor, and metonymy.WIREs Cogn Sci2013, 4:285–297. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1227This article is categorized under:Linguistics > Linguistic Theory
Proton channels in non‐phagocytic cells of the immune system
Authors: Capasso Melania 
Published: February 2013

AbstractProton channels are expressed in all the cells of the immune system to various degrees. While their function in phagocytic cells, immune cells that engulf bacteria and cell debris for clearance, has been the object of extensive research, the function of proton channels in non‐phagocytic cells has remained more elusive until recently. Further studies have been supported by the discovery of the gene coding for the mammalian proton channel, HVCN1, which has prompted a new wave of research in this area. Recent findings show how proton channels regulate cell function in non‐phagocytic cells of the immune system such as basophils and lymphocytes. WIREs Membr Transp Signal 2013, 2:65–73. doi: 10.1002/wmts.78For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
Preliminary investigation of the effects of long-term dietary intake of genistein and daidzein on hepatic histopathology and biochemistry in domestic cats (Felis catus)
Authors: Whitehouse-Tedd Katherine M. , Cave Nicholas J. , Ugarte Claudia E. , Roe Wendi D. , Thomas David G. 
Published: February 2013

SummaryDietary isoflavones have been hypothesised to play a role in hepatic veno-occlusive disease in captive exotic felids, although empirical evidence is lacking. This study aimed to investigate the effect of long-term (>1 year) dietary genistein and daidzein exposure on the hepatic biochemistry and histology of domestic cats. Individual cats were assessed for hepatic enzyme and bile acid production before and after the removal of isoflavones from their diet in the treatment group (n = 4), and at the same times in unexposed control animals (n = 7). No significant differences were detectable in hepatic biochemistry between treatment and control groups, and all serum values were within the normal reference ranges for domestic cats. Additionally, treatment animals demonstrated slightly greater areas of fibrosis surrounding hepatic venules than control animals, but this difference was not statistically significant. On the basis of the results presented, dietary isoflavones, at the current dose and duration of exposure do not appear to modulate hepatic enzyme production or histological parameters.
Three-dimensional coating and rimming flow: a ring of fluid on a rotating horizontal cylinder
Authors: Leslie G. A. , Wilson S. K. , Duffy B. R. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe steady three-dimensional flow of a thin, slowly varying ring of Newtonian fluid on either the outside or the inside of a uniformly rotating large horizontal cylinder is investigated. Specifically, we study ‘full-ring’ solutions, corresponding to a ring of continuous, finite and non-zero thickness that extends all of the way around the cylinder. In particular, it is found that there is a critical solution corresponding to either a critical load above which no full-ring solution exists (if the rotation speed is prescribed) or a critical rotation speed below which no full-ring solution exists (if the load is prescribed). We describe the behaviour of the critical solution and, in particular, show that the critical flux, the critical load, the critical semi-width and the critical ring profile are all increasing functions of the rotation speed. In the limit of small rotation speed, the critical flux is small and the critical ring is narrow and thin, leading to a small critical load. In the limit of large rotation speed, the critical flux is large and the critical ring is wide on the upper half of the cylinder and thick on the lower half of the cylinder, leading to a large critical load. We also describe the behaviour of the non-critical full-ring solution and, in particular, show that the semi-width and the ring profile are increasing functions of the load but, in general, non-monotonic functions of the rotation speed. In the limit of large rotation speed, the ring approaches a limiting non-uniform shape, whereas in the limit of small load, the ring is narrow and thin with a uniform parabolic profile. Finally, we show that, while for most values of the rotation speed and the load the azimuthal velocity is in the same direction as the rotation of the cylinder, there is a region of parameter space close to the critical solution for sufficiently small rotation speed in which backflow occurs in a small region on the upward-moving side of the cylinder.
BMI and cardiovascular function in children and adolescents of Mauritius Island
Authors: Miles-Chan Jennifer L. , Joonas Noorjehan , Joganah Shashee , Larhubarbe Jose , Schutz Yves , Montani Jean-Pierre , Dulloo Abdul G. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAmong countries which have undergone a rapid socio-economic and nutrition transition over the past few decades, the Indian Ocean island of Mauritius is among those with the greatest surge in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes and CVD. The aim of the present study was to characterise the BMI and cardiovascular functions of children and adolescents of this at-risk population. Data were collected through measurements of anthropometry, resting heart rate and blood pressure in a nationally representative sample (n 2489) of children (5–10 years) and adolescents (11–18 years), and analysed according to sex and ethnic identity: South Asian Hindus and Muslims (both of Indian ancestry), Creole (of varying degrees of African ancestry) and Chinese (of mainland China ancestry). Based on standards of the WHO or International Obesity Task Force, one in six of these young individuals exhibit a high BMI-for-age. Analysis by ethnicity revealed that Creole males and females show higher BMI-for-age but also lower heart rate (P < 0·001) even after adjustment for BMI. Additionally, Chinese males and females show higher systolic blood pressure (P < 0·01), independently of BMI. None of these ethnic differences could be related to household income, diet type (vegetarian v. non-vegetarian) or to fruit consumption. This study in children and adolescents of this multi-ethnic at-risk population for CVD reveal ethnic differences in BMI-for-age as well as consistent BMI-independent ethnic differences in heart rate and systolic blood pressure. These findings underscore the need to establish the BMI–fat % relationship across the various ethnic groups and for more detailed investigations about their differences in lifestyle and dietary habits that might explain their differential cardiovascular functions prior to adulthood.
RWGAIM: an efficient high-dimensional random whole genome average (QTL) interval mapping approach
Authors: VERBYLA ARŪNAS P. , TAYLOR JULIAN D. , VERBYLA KLARA L. 
Published: February 2013

SummaryMapping of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) underlying variation in quantitative traits continues to be a powerful tool in genetic study of plants and other organisms. Whole genome average interval mapping (WGAIM), a mixed model QTL mapping approach using all intervals or markers simultaneously, has been demonstrated to outperform composite interval mapping, a common approach for QTL analysis. However, the advent of high-throughput high-dimensional marker platforms provides a challenge. To overcome this, a dimension reduction technique is proposed for WGAIM for efficient analysis of a large number of markers. This approach results in reduced computing time as it is dependent on the number of genetic lines (or individuals) rather than the number of intervals (or markers). The approach allows for the full set of potential QTL effects to be recovered. A proposed random effects version of WGAIM aims to reduce bias in the estimated size of QTL effects. Lastly, the two-stage outlier procedure used in WGAIM is replaced by a single stage approach to reduce possible bias in the selection of putative QTL in both WGAIM and the random effects version. Simulation is used to demonstrate the efficiency of the dimension reduction approach as well as demonstrate that while the approaches are very similar, the random WGAIM performs better than the original and modified fixed WGAIM by reducing bias and in terms of mean square error of prediction of estimated QTL effects. Finally, an analysis of a doubled haploid population is used to illustrate the three approaches.
Radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of paediatric microcystic lymphatic malformations
Authors: Goswamy J , Penney S E , Bruce I A , Rothera M P 
Published: February 2013

AbstractObjective:Congenital lymphatic malformations are a challenging clinical problem. There is currently no universally accepted treatment for the management of microcystic disease. We describe the novel use of an existing technology (radiofrequency ablation, also termed Coblation) for the debulking of paediatric microcystic lymphatic malformations involving the upper aerodigestive tract.Methods:Five children with microcystic or mixed-type lymphatic malformations were included in this retrospective case series.Results:Each child had a satisfactory outcome following radiofrequency debulking, with improved oral intake and airway symptoms. No serious complications were reported. These findings constitute level IV evidence.Conclusion:We recommend radiofrequency ablation as a safe, viable alternative to existing techniques for the treatment of paediatric microcystic lymphatic malformations of the upper aerodigestive tract. Radiofrequency ablation achieves effective debulking of microcysts whilst avoiding excessive bleeding and thermal damage to surrounding tissues. This paper constitutes the first report of successful treatment of airway obstruction due to paediatric laryngopharyngeal microcystic disease, using radiofrequency ablation.