bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Screening for elevated risk of liver disease in preschool children (aged 2–5 years) being seen for obesity management
Authors: Beacher Daniel R , Ariza Adolfo J , Fishbein Mark H , Binns Helen J 
Published: October 2014

Objectives: Elevated alanine aminotransferase can heighten concern for the presence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in obese children. Guidelines recommend alanine aminotransferase screening of obese children start at the age of 10 years. We examined alanine aminotransferase values routinely obtained for tertiary obesity care among preschool (2–5 years) and school-age children. Methods: Medical records of children attending a tertiary obesity clinic and with alanine aminotransferase measured within 6 months of the initial visit were reviewed. Children with known genetic abnormalities were excluded. Children were grouped by age to focus attention on groups not covered by screening guidelines. Associations with elevated alanine aminotransferase (>30 IU/L) were examined. Results: A total of 284 records were analyzed (73 preschool, 143 young school-age (6–9 years), 68 older school-age (10–11 years)). Children were primarily Hispanic and had body mass index ≥ 99th percentile (preschool children 92%, young school-age 73%, older school-age 59%). In all, 26% of preschool children had elevated alanine aminotransferase (young school-age 30%, older school-age 44%). Preschool children with elevated alanine aminotransferase had higher body mass index compared to preschool children with alanine aminotransferase ≤ 30 IU/L (median body mass index 27.8 kg/m2 vs 24.0 kg/m2; Mann–Whitney U test, p = 0.003), but there was no disparity for elevated alanine aminotransferase related to Hispanic ethnicity. For older children, Hispanic ethnicity, not body mass index, predicted elevated alanine aminotransferase. Conclusion: Alanine aminotransferase elevation was common in these preschool children. Screening severely obese children for elevated alanine aminotransferase should begin at the age of 2 years.
Prevalence of HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND) among Patients Attending a Tertiary Health Facility in Northern Nigeria
Authors: Yusuf Abdulkareem Jika , Hassan Abdulaziz , Mamman Aisha Indo , Muktar Haruna Mohammed , Suleiman Aishatu Maude , Baiyewu Olusegun 
Published: October 2014

Background: HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) is a great source of morbidity in sub-Saharan African region. However, the magnitude of this problem remains largely uninvestigated despite having the largest number of population with HIV/AIDS. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of HAND among patients attending a tertiary health facility in Nigeria. Method: We conducted a cross-sectional study among HIV-positive patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) for at least 1 year. They were assessed using the International HIV Dementia Scale, Word Recall Test, Stick Design Test, Subjective Cognitive Complaint Questionnaire, Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test, Drug Abuse Screening Test, Center for Epidemiological Study–Depression Scale, Instrumental Activity of Daily Living, and neurological examination. The CD4 count and viral load were determined for all the participants. A consensus diagnosis was made on each case based on the Frascati criteria. Data obtained were analyzed using “SPSS” for Windows version 15. Results: A total of 418 HIV-positive patients participated in the study, of which 325 (77.8%) are females. The mean age (standard deviation) of the participants was 37.2 (9.3) years. The prevalence of HAND was 21.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 17.6%-25.4%), of which 9.6% were asymptomatic. The significant predictors of HAND in this study are duration of illness (odds ratio [OR] = 1.33 P < .001), detectable viral load (OR = 0.19, P < .001), CD4 count (OR = 0.99, P < .001), education (OR = 0.94, P = .011), stopping medication (OR = 3.55 P = .01), and severity of illness (OR = 1.24, P = .005). Conclusion: One-fifth of the HIV-positive patients in this study had HAND. Various sociodemographic and clinical features were related to the prevalence of HAND.
Pulmonary arterial hypertension in patients treated with interferon
Authors: Savale Laurent , Sattler Caroline , Günther Sven , Montani David , Chaumais Marie-Camille , Perrin Swanny , Jaïs Xavier , Seferian Andrei , Jovan Roland , Bulifon Sophie , Parent Florence , Simonneau Gérald , Humbert Marc , Sitbon Olivier 
Published: October 2014

Isolated cases of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in patients treated with interferon (IFN) α or β have been reported in the literature.The aim of this study was to describe all consecutive cases of PAH patients with a history of IFN exposure identified in the French reference centre for severe pulmonary hypertension between 1998 and 2012.A total of 53 patients with PAH and a history of IFN therapy were identified. 48 patients had been treated with IFNα for chronic hepatitis C. Most of them had portal hypertension (85%) and 56% had HIV co-infection. Five additional patients had been treated with IFNβ for multiple sclerosis. The diagnosis of PAH was made within 3 years after IFN therapy in 66% of patients. Repeated haemodynamic assessment was available in 13 out of 16 patients exposed to IFN after the diagnosis of PAH. Increased pulmonary vascular resistance >20% was observed in 11 out of 13 cases (median 43% increase; IQR 32–67%). In five of these patients, IFN withdrawal resulted in spontaneous haemodynamic improvement.This retrospective analysis suggests that IFN therapy may trigger PAH. However, most of these patients had other risk factors for PAH. A prospective case–control study is necessary to definitively establish a link between IFN exposure and PAH.
The resistive switching memory of CoFe2O4 thin film using nanoporous alumina template
Authors: Jiang Changjun , Wu Lei , Wei WenWen , Dong Chunhui , Yao Jinli 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
A novel conductive process for resistive random access memory cells is investigated based on nanoporous anodized aluminum oxide template. Bipolar resistive switching characteristic is clearly observed in CoFe2O4 thin film. Stable and repeatable resistive switching behavior is acquired at the same time. On the basis of conductive filament model, possible generation mechanisms for the resistive switching behaviors are discussed intensively. Besides, the magnetic properties of samples (before and after the annealing process) are characterized, and the distinct changes of magnetic anisotropy and coercive field are detected. The present results provide a new perspective to comprehend the underlying physical origin of the resistive switching effect.

PACS

68.37.-d; 73.40.Rw; 73.61.-r
A generalizable definition of chemical similarity for read-across
Authors: Floris Matteo , Manganaro Alberto , Nicolotti Orazio , Medda Ricardo , Mangiatordi Giuseppe Felice , Benfenati Emilio 
Published: October 2014

Abstract

Background
Methods that provide a measure of chemical similarity are strongly relevant in several fields of chemoinformatics as they allow to predict the molecular behavior and fate of structurally close compounds. One common application of chemical similarity measurements, based on the principle that similar molecules have similar properties, is the read-across approach, where an estimation of a specific endpoint for a chemical is provided using experimental data available from highly similar compounds.

Results
This paper reports the comparison of multiple combinations of binary fingerprints and similarity metrics for computing the chemical similarity in the context of two different applications of the read-across technique.

Conclusions
Our analysis demonstrates that the classical similarity measurements can be improved with a generalizable model of similarity. The proposed approach has already been used to build similarity indices in two open-source software tools (CAESAR and VEGA) that make several QSAR models available. In these tools, the similarity index plays a key role for the assessment of the applicability domain.
Stochastic inversion of seismic PP and PS data for reservoir parameter estimation
Authors: Chen Jinsong , Glinsky Michael E. 
Published: October 2014

We have investigated the value of isotropic seismic converted-wave (i.e., PS) data for reservoir parameter estimation using stochastic approaches based on a floating-grain rock-physics model. We first performed statistical analysis on a simple two-layer model built on actual borehole logs and compared the relative value of PS data versus amplitude-variation-with-offset (AVO) gradient data for estimating the floating-grain fraction. We found that PS data were significantly more informative than AVO gradient data in terms of likelihood functions, and the combination of PS and AVO gradient data together with PP data provided the maximal value for the reservoir parameter estimation. To evaluate the value of PS data under complex situations, we developed a hierarchical Bayesian model to combine seismic PP and PS data and their associated time registration. We extended a model-based Bayesian method developed previously for inverting seismic PP data only, by including PS responses and time registration as additional data and PS traveltime and reflectivity as additional variables. We applied the method to a synthetic six-layer model that closely mimics real field scenarios. We found that PS data provided more information than AVO gradient data for estimating the floating-grain fraction, porosity, net-to-gross, and layer thicknesses when their corresponding priors were weak.
Assessment and treatment of physical health problems among people with schizophrenia: national cross-sectional study
Authors: Crawford Mike J. , Jayakumar Simone , Lemmey Suzie J. , Zalewska Krysia , Patel Maxine X. , Cooper Stephen J. , Shiers David 
Published: October 2014

BackgroundIn the UK and other high-income countries, life expectancy in people with schizophrenia is 20% lower than in the general population.AimsTo examine the quality of assessment and treatment of physical health problems in people with schizophrenia.MethodRetrospective audit of records of people with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder aged ⩾18. We collected data on nine key aspects of physical health for 5091 patients and combined these with a cross-sectional patient survey.ResultsBody mass index was recorded in 2599 (51.1%) patients during the previous 12 months and 1102 (21.6%) had evidence of assessment of all nine key measures. Among those with high blood sugar, there was recorded evidence of 53.5% receiving an appropriate intervention. Among those with dyslipidaemia, this was 19.9%. Despite this, most patients reported that they were satisfied with the physical healthcare they received.ConclusionsAssessment and treatment of common physical health problems in people with schizophrenia falls well below acceptable standards. Cooperation and communication between primary and secondary care services needs to improve if premature mortality in this group is to be reduced.
Insulin resistance and outcome in bipolar disorder
Authors: Calkin Cynthia V. , Ruzickova Martina , Uher Rudolf , Hajek Tomas , Slaney Claire M. , Garnham Julie S. , O'Donovan M. Claire , Alda Martin 
Published: October 2014

BackgroundLittle is known about the impact of insulin resistance on bipolar disorder.AimsTo examine the relationships between insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and clinical course and treatment outcomes in bipolar disorder.MethodWe measured fasting glucose and insulin in 121 adults with bipolar disorder. We diagnosed type 2 diabetes and determined insulin resistance. The National Institute of Mental Health Life Chart was used to record the course of bipolar disorder and the Alda scale to establish response to prophylactic lithium treatment.ResultsPatients with bipolar disorder and type 2 diabetes or insulin resistance had three times higher odds of a chronic course of bipolar disorder compared with euglycaemic patients (50% and 48.7% respectivelyv.27.3%, odds ratio (OR) = 3.07,P= 0.007), three times higher odds of rapid cycling (38.5% and 39.5% respectivelyv.18.2%, OR = 3.13,P= 0.012) and were more likely to be refractory to lithium treatment (36.8% and 36.7% respectivelyv.3.2%, OR = 8.40,P<0.0001). All associations remained significant after controlling for antipsychotic exposure and body mass index in sensitivity analyses.ConclusionsComorbid insulin resistance may be an important factor in resistance to treatment in bipolar disorder.
Sexually Dimorphic Effect of In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) on Adult Mouse Fat and Liver Metabolomes
Authors: Feuer Sky K. , Donjacour Annemarie , Simbulan Rhodel K. , Lin Wingka , Liu Xiaowei , Maltepe Emin , Rinaudo Paolo F. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe preimplantation embryo is particularly vulnerable to environmental perturbation, such that nutritional and in vitro stresses restricted exclusively to this stage may alter growth and affect long-term metabolic health. This is particularly relevant to the over 5 million children conceived by in vitro fertilization (IVF). We previously reported that even optimized IVF conditions reprogram mouse postnatal growth, fat deposition, and glucose homeostasis in a sexually dimorphic fashion. To more clearly interrogate the metabolic changes associated with IVF in adulthood, we used nontargeted mass spectrometry to globally profile adult IVF- and in vivo-conceived liver and gonadal adipose tissues. There was a sex- and tissue-specific effect of IVF on adult metabolite signatures indicative of metabolic reprogramming and oxidative stress and reflective of the observed phenotypes. Additionally, we observed a striking effect of IVF on adult sexual dimorphism. Male-female differences in metabolite concentration were exaggerated in hepatic IVF tissue and significantly reduced in IVF adipose tissue, with the majority of changes affecting amino acid and lipid metabolites. We also observed female-specific changes in markers of oxidative stress and adipogenesis, including reduced glutathione, cysteine glutathione disulfide, ophthalmate, urate, and corticosterone. In summary, embryo manipulation and early developmental experiences can affect adult patterns of sexual dimorphism and metabolic physiology.
Combining sky and Earth: Desert ants (Melophorus bagoti) show weighted integration of celestial and terrestrial cues
Authors: Legge Eric L. G. , Wystrach Antoine , Spetch Marcia L. , Cheng Ken 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Insects typically use celestial sources of directional information for path integration, and terrestrial panoramic information for view-based navigation. Here we set celestial and terrestrial sources of directional information in conflict for homing desert ants (Melophorus bagoti). In Experiment 1, ants learned to navigate out of a round experimental arena with a distinctive artificial panorama. On crucial tests, we rotated the arena to create a conflict between the artificial panorama and celestial information. In Experiment 2, ants at a feeder in their natural visually-cluttered habitat were displaced prior to their homing journey so that the dictates of path integration (feeder-nest direction) based on a celestial compass conflicted with the dictates of view-based navigation (release point-nest direction) based on the natural terrestrial panorama. In both experiments, ants generally headed in a direction intermediate to the dictates of celestial and terrestrial information. In Experiment 2, the ants put more weight on the terrestrial cues when they provided better directional information. We conclude that desert ants weight and integrate the dictates of celestial and terrestrial information in determining their initial heading, even when the two directional cues are highly discrepant.
Physiological and behavioral evidence of a capsaicin sensitive TRPV-like channel in the medicinal leech
Authors: Summers Torrie , Holec Sara , Burrell Brian D. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) channels are found throughout animal kingdom where they play an important role in sensory transduction. In this study we combined physiological studies with in vivo behavioral experiments to examine the presence of a putative TRPV-like receptor in the medicinal leech, building upon earlier studies in this lophotrochozoan invertebrate. The leech polymodal nociceptive neuron was activated by both peripheral and central application of the TRPV1 activator capsaicin in a concentration-dependent manner, with 100 μM being the lowest effective concentration. Responses to capsaicin were inhibited by the selective TRPV1 antagonist SB366791. The polymodal nociceptive neuron also responded to noxious thermal stimuli (&gt;40°C) and this response was also blocked by SB366791. Capsaicin sensitivity was selective to the polymodal nociceptor with no direct response being elicited in the mechanical nociceptive neuron or in the non-nociceptive touch- or pressure sensitive neurons. Capsaicin also elicited nocifensive behavioral responses (withdrawals and locomotion) in a concentration-dependent manner and these behavioral responses were significantly attenuated with SB366791. These results suggest the presence of a capsaicin-sensitive TRPV-like channel in the medicinal leech CNS and are relevant to both the evolution of nociceptive signaling.
Kinetic Control of Electron Transfer at Doped Zinc Oxide/Redox-active Molecule Interface for Photocurrent Rectification
Authors: Suzuka Michio , Hara Shu , Sekiguchi Takashi , Oyaizu Kenichi , Nishide Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Reactivity of redox-active molecules for heterogeneous electron-transfer processes at the surface of doped zinc oxide substrates depended on their energy levels. The redox-active molecules with negative redox potentials displayed a reversible electrochemical response but those with positive redox potentials were characterized by slow electrode kinetics, which was attributed to more than three times larger heterogeneous electron-transfer rate constant for the former redox-active molecules. A photovoltaic cell using methyl viologen as an acceptor molecule, TEMPOL as a donor molecule, and the doped ZnO as the transparent conducting substrate gave high photovoltage, which was ascribed to the reactivity of the redox-active molecules at the doped ZnO surface.
Facile Synthesis of Thermally Stable Mesoporous Titania Spheres with Excellent Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Park Su Bin , Sivaranjani Kumarsrinivasan , Na Hyun Jung , Li Zhenghua , Choi Yeong-Jin , Yang Young-Jun , Man Kim Ji 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Thermally stable mesoporous TiO2 spheres were successfully prepared via in situ hydrolysis of a titanium glycolate precursor. The mesoporous nature was retained even with calcination up to 500 °C under static air conditions. Mesoporous TiO2 calcined at 500 °C showed the maximum photocatalytic activity. This is mainly attributed to the better utilization of charge carriers due to the low diffusional length along with high surface area and well-defined nanocrystallinity.
CORBA AND MPI-BASED “BACKBONE” FOR COUPLING ADVANCED SIMULATION TOOLS
Authors: Seydaliev M. , Caswell D. 
Published: October 2014

There is a growing international interest in using coupled, multidisciplinary computer simulations for a variety of purposes, including nuclear reactor safety analysis. Reactor behaviour can be modeled using a suite of computer programs simulating phenomena or predicting parameters that can be categorized into disciplines such as Thermalhydraulics, Neutronics, Fuel, Fuel Channels, Fission Product Release and Transport, Containment and Atmospheric Dispersion, and Severe Accident Analysis. Traditionally, simulations used for safety analysis individually addressed only the behaviour within a single discipline, based upon static input data from other simulation programs. The limitation of using a suite of stand-alone simulations is that phenomenological interdependencies or temporal feedback between the parameters calculated within individual simulations cannot be adequately captured. To remove this shortcoming, multiple computer simulations for different disciplines must exchange data during runtime to address these interdependencies. This article describes the concept of a new framework, which we refer to as the “Backbone,” to provide the necessary runtime exchange of data. The Backbone, currently under development at AECL for a preliminary feasibility study, is a hybrid design using features taken from the Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA), a standard defined by the Object Management Group, and the Message Passing Interface (MPI), a standard developed by a group of researchers from academia and industry. Both have well-tested and efficient implementations, including some that are freely available under the GNU public licenses. The CORBA component enables individual programs written in different languages and running on different platforms within a network to exchange data with each other, thus behaving like a single application. MPI provides the process-to-process intercommunication between these programs. This paper outlines the different CORBA and MPI configurations examined to date, as well as the preliminary configuration selected for coupling 2 existing safety analysis programs used for modeling thermal–mechanical fuel behavior and fission product behavior respectively. In addition, preliminary work in hosting both the Backbone and the associated safety analysis programs in a cluster environment are discussed.
Process as value in collaborative arts-based inquiry
Authors: Lett Warren , Fox Kim , von der Borch Danielle 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
This article discusses the evidence generated by a multimodal inquiry in a post-graduate counselling programme, where two students and a staff member co-researcher explored the arts processes they found most effective in a shared search for meaning. Here the roles of client and therapist were transformed into enquirer and companion and the focus was on the process of inquiry. Their self-reports, companion/witness reports and art representations (poems) provide evidence of their processes and dialogues over extended time. This evidence offers support for the value of arts-based inquiry set in relational processes marked by safety and trust for the meaning-making that can contribute to health.
Playing, new music technology and the struggle with achieving intersubjectivity
Authors: Lagerlöf Pernilla , Wallerstedt Cecilia , Pramling Niklas 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
This study is an empirical investigation of what activities evolve when children interact with and around a new music technology (an Interactive Reflexive Musical System (IRMS), a kind of computationally augmented instrument), with and without an adult actively participating. What the nature of the participations’ communication is, what structuring resources they are introduced to and use, and whether or not the participants establish temporarily sufficient intersubjectivity are analysed. The empirical data consist of video observations from an after-school centre of, first, the children themselves interacting with each other and the music technology, and second, with a teacher participating in the activity. The result shows that the activities developed into different types of play-based participations: make-believe and/or musical play. Although the adult provides some structuring resources (counting, using metaphors and gestures) to engage the children in a ‘musical dialogue’ with the system, the participants do not establish temporarily sufficient intersubjectivity for engaging in a joint activity of this kind. The finding that the children (and adult) engage in many different kinds of activities illustrates the creative and open-ended nature of participating in social practices.