bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating machine learning models for stellar spectral classification using Gaia DR3
Authors: Gupta Ayush , Jain Chetana , Kaur Baljeet 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This work evaluates the machine learning models for stellar spectral classification based on the third data release (DR3) of Gaia. We have examined how different machine learning models and feature selection techniques impact the classification accuracy. We have used seven supervised machine learning algorithms (Decision Tree, k-Nearest Neighbour, Naive Bayes classifier, Artificial Neural Networks, Random Forest and Support Vector Machine) for performing Morgan-Keenan spectral classification of A, F, G, K and M type stars. For feature selection, we used four different methods (Mutual Information, χ2, F-test and Pearson Correlation). The Mutual Information feature selection method gave the best performance with an average accuracy of 88.76% across all models. The Artificial Neural Networks classifier showed the highest average accuracy of 90.97% across the four feature selection methods. The combination of Mutual Information feature selection and Artificial Neural Network has given the best classification accuracy of 91.43%. The four feature selection methods identified ten common features (RAICRS (deg), G (mag), BP (mag), log g (cgs), T
eff (K), R (R
☉), M (M
☉), t (Gyr), z (km s−1) and Evol) that dominate the spectral classification. We discuss the implication of these selected features based on our understanding of astrophysical parameters associated with various spectral classes. Based on our review of the literature, this appears to be the first detailed and robust empirical study with Gaia DR3.
Smooth μ-hybrid and non-minimal Higgs inflation in SU(4)
C
× SU(2)
L
× SU(2)
R
with observable gravitational waves
Authors: Zubair Umer 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We propose to study a smooth variant of the μ-hybrid inflation model and a non-minimal
Higgs model of inflation with quartic non-minimal coupling between the Higgs field and gravity
within the context of a realistic GUT gauge group based on supersymmetric SU(4)
C
× SU(2)
L
× SU(2)
R
. These models are incorporated with a realistic scenario of reheating
and non-thermal leptogenesis, compatible with the constraints from the baryon asymmetry of the
universe. Notably, both models successfully address the MSSM μ-problem and avoid the issue of
primordial magnetic monopoles. Our analysis reveals that both models predict a scalar spectral
index ns
that closely aligns with the central observationally favored value of Planck2018 +
BICEP2/Keck Array (BK15) data and yield a large tensor-to-scalar ratio (r > 10-3),
potentially detectable in forthcoming CMB experiments.
Modeling carbon emission trends in Zhengzhou’s industrial sector: a STIRPAT-based study
Authors: Song Xiaoyan , Xu Yanxue 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This article uses data on eight common forms of energy consumption used in industrial production to measure industrial carbon emissions from 2002 to 2020 in Zhengzhou City, China’s industrial sector. The study analyzes the factors influencing industrial carbon emissions using the ridge regression approach and the STIRPAT model. The findings show that between 90.01% and 97.49% of all industrial carbon emissions are attributable to the use of raw coal. According to the data, industrial carbon emissions are on the rise, peaking in 2013 at 70.11 million tons, and subsequently declining. Additionally, the study identifies that industrial carbon emissions rise with increases in the number of industrial employees, labor productivity, industrialization rate, energy intensity, and carbon emission intensity. In order to encourage sustainable industrial practices and lower carbon emissions, the study suggests improving the industrial structure and boosting funding for technological research and development.
A systematic review of consequential life cycle assessment in whole building life cycle assessment
Authors: Udisi B , Gorgolewski M 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Achieving global carbon neutrality by 2050 requires substantial decarbonization of the built environment, with LCA playing a critical role in evaluating buildings’ environmental impacts. Among the primary LCA methodologies, CLCA offers unique decision-support capabilities but faces limited adoption in the building sector, restricting its effectiveness. This study investigates the methodological challenges contributing to the low adoption of CLCA, focusing on issues such as goal and scope definition, consequential life cycle inventory (CLCI) modelling, and uncertainty analysis. A systematic review of 20 building-related CLCA studies was conducted using an adapted CLCA framework based on the step-wise process by Weidema et al (2009). Studies with strong alignment to the framework provided robust insights into decision contexts, market dynamics, co-products, and uncertainty analysis, enhancing transparency and replicability. Conversely, studies with significant gaps struggled with poorly defined decision contexts, insufficient data, and the omission of uncertainty analyses, reducing their reliability and applicability. This review underscores the growing potential of CLCA in sustainability assessments within the built environment. However, technological constraints, data limitations, and methodological complexities hinder its broader adoption and comparability. A tailored CLCA framework for the construction sector is proposed to address these gaps, incorporating decision trees, standardized templates, and uncertainty analysis guidelines to improve transparency, robustness, and decision-making support in achieving a low-carbon built environment.
Numerical simulation of the design and selective laser melting process parameters for lightweight automobile wheels
Authors: Wang Guangyuan , Wang Jiandong , Wu Wangping , Jiang Peng , Yang Huihui , Yan Ketao 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study aims to explore lightweight and selective laser melting (SLM) process design for automobile wheels to improve the fuel economy and environmental sustainability of automobiles, which are studied using Altair Inspire and Simufact Additive software, respectively. First, a lightweight design is achieved while ensuring the safety factor through topology optimization and stress analysis. Then, the effects of the part placement, laser power, scanning speed, post-annealing temperature and time on the residual stress and distortion of the wheel are studied. The optimal printing method and process parameters that can minimize stress and distortion are obtained. The research results show that the weight of the automobile wheel after topology optimization is reduced by 7%, which reduces the material cost while ensuring the safety factor under the specified load. Through the simulation of the SLM process, it is found that adopting a horizontal placement method, reducing the laser power to 300 W, increasing the scanning speed to 3 m s−1, and increasing the annealing temperature to 500 °C can minimize the residual stress and strain of the wheel. Since the residual stress is basically stable when the annealing holding time is more than 0.3 h, 0.3 h should be the optimal holding time in consideration of saving post-processing time and shortening the production cycle.
Kazuo Ishiguro’s The Remains of the Day and James Ivory’s The Remains of the Day
Authors: Lothe Jacob 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Chapter 5 starts by observing that, in common with Jonathan Littell, the British author Kazuo Ishiguro’s The Remains of the Day (1989) uses constituent elements of first-person narration to present the main character’s memories as a multilayered process that demonstrates the vicissitudes of memory. The chapter shows that, embarking on a painful process of remembering what on one level he wants to forget, Stevens, the protagonist in Ishiguro’s novel, reveals that he was complicit in antisemitism (and perhaps even the Holocaust). That this suggestion is stronger in James Ivory’s film adaptation (1993), considered in the second part of the chapter, is partly, but not only, a consequence of the great difference between the two media. The chapter demonstrates that, effectively combining elements of film form such as rhythm, repetition, camera angle, and color, Ivory’s adaptation gives a rich response to the moral values and ethical dilemmas presented in Ishiguro’s novel.
W. G. Sebald’s Austerlitz
Authors: Lothe Jacob 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Chapter 6 concentrates on the German-British author’s W. G. Sebald’s presentation, in his novel Austerlitz (2001), of the relationship between the protagonist Austerlitz and the narrator who first listens to Austerlitz’s story and then relays it to the reader. The chapter argues that, in Austerlitz, memory and narrative mutually reinforce each other: while Austerlitz’s memory (or rather, the scarcity of his memory) motivates and even necessitates his narrative, his act of narration brings memories of his parents (or rather, memories of his parents’ absence) back to him. Austerlitz’s act of narration takes the form of a narrative transmission that approximates to a negotiation between him as a Jewish narrator and a listener who turns out to be German. This German listener becomes a narrator who not only passes Austerlitz’s verbal narrative on to the reader but presents the reader with Austerlitz’s (or Sebald’s) pictures, thus making the reader also a viewer.
Concluding Reflections
Authors: Lothe Jacob 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The concluding reflections of chapter 8 revolve around the interplay of memory, narrative, and ethics in the texts discussed in the book. One concluding observation is that while the book has shown that memory and narrative are interdependent, this interplay, and not least the way in which its ethical aspects and questions are interpreted by the reader or viewer, varies very considerably. This kind of interpretive variation is linked to the temporal distance between the narrative, within which there are further variations between the time of experience (narrated time) and the time of the narration (narrative time), and the time of reading or viewing. A related concluding point is that, at this point in history when the last Holocaust survivors are passing away, it is essential that important aspects of the Holocaust can be presented through the narrative discourses of fiction and film.
Introduction
Authors: Jaffré Marc W S 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter introduces the monograph’s key themes and tries to make sense of why Louis XIII’s court has attracted less attention than the courts of other French monarchs. It posits that this disinterest arose in part from a tendency to study courts from the top-down, from the perspective of the king, which is why this monograph attempts instead to foreground the participation of the nobility, financers, and merchants in order to explain how the court evolved from institutional, cultural, economic, and military perspectives. The chapter also discusses the variety of definitions for the court historians have employed and how some have tended to promote narrower approaches to the court. Instead, the chapter argues that a more expansive definition of the court allows historians to take stock of the ubiquity of courts throughout time and space, raising questions about what the study of courts can teach us about how humans relate to power. This introduction demonstrates how Louis XIII’s court does not fit well within traditional narratives of an ever modernizing and developing court, and how historians have tended to look to Louis’s personality to explain away this divergence. At the same time, it finds that historians’ tendency to emphasize the role that Cardinal Richelieu, as minister-favourite, played in building the absolute state through a process of bureaucratization, institutionalization, and centralization has tended to push Louis XIII’s court to the background.
‘We Could See the Battle from the King’s Lodgings’: The Court at War
Authors: Jaffré Marc W S 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Chapter 9 highlights the court’s function as a military institution. It emphasizes that, following Concini’s death in 1617, Louis XIII spent the equivalent of five full years of the twenty-six remaining years of his reign personally leading military campaigns. The chapter demonstrates that the royal presence was important for attracting volunteers, for its inspirational effect on troops, for challenging rebels during civil conflicts, for channelling resources toward a specific front, and for the opportunity it offered to use ceremonial entries for emphasizing victories. Despite his presence at the head of his armies, Louis XIII—unlike some of his contemporaries—did not participate in the fighting, in part as a reaction to the recklessness of his predecessor, Henri IV, and in part due to his lack of a direct heir for most of his reign. Because war was an expected part of Renaissance kingship, the court’s institutions were designed with the possibility of war in mind. The chapter shows how household departments like the Royal Chapel, the royal medical personnel, the Provostship of the Household, and the court’s merchants took on important duties setting up military hospitals, policing the army, and supplying the army when the king was there in person. While the masculine character of the court was increased on campaign, the queens and their ladies often followed Louis on his military expeditions, and the wives of his courtiers could also frequently be found in the royal encampments. The chapter also reveals how the royal presence in the army affected behaviours as court culture was transposed onto military encampments.
A role for Arginase in skin epithelial differentiation and anti-microbial peptide production
Authors: Szondi Denis C , Crompton Rachel A , Oon Linus , Subramaniam Nagavidya , Tham Khek-Chian , Sze Han Lee , Williams Helen , Pennock Joanne , Lim Thiam C , Bonnard Carine , Wong Jason , Vardy Leah A , Cruickshank Sheena M 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background and objectives
Arginase1 (ARG1) is an enzyme expressed by keratinocytes that drives several functions linked to skin barrier function. However, the mechanisms underpinning keratinocyte ARG1 function in barrier homeostasis is not fully elucidated. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is linked to impaired skin barrier via altered keratinocyte differentiation and susceptibility to infection. Therefore, we investigated the role of ARG1 in keratinocyte differentiation and anti-microbial responses.

Methods
In vitro 2D differentiation assays using ARG knockdown or ARG inhibited keratinocytes were used to explore the function of ARG1 in keratinocyte differentiation and barrier formation. ARG1 was also assessed in an ex vivo model of AD.

Results
ARG1 was strongly expressed in the apical layers of human skin, corresponding with high ARG1 expression in late differentiated keratinocytes. ARG was downregulated in an ex vivo AD model relative to controls, suggesting altered ARG1 is clinically relevant. ARG1 inhibition in keratinocytes led to a significant decrease in late differentiation markers Filaggrin (FLG), Involucrin (IVL), and Loricrin (LOR) and significant downregulation of the Anti-microbial Peptides (AMPs), Lipocalin 2 (LCN2), Kallikreins (KLKs) and Small Proline Rich Proteins (SPRRs). ARG forms part of the urea cycle and the action of ARG on L- arginine causes the production of L-ornithine and urea. L-ornithine, in turn, is catabolised for putrescine (Put) production. Supplementation with ARG products, Put and urea, could rescue late keratinocyte differentiation and AMP expression in ARG deficient cells.

Conclusions
ARG1 activity plays a major role in keratinocyte differentiation and AMP production. ARG1 is downregulated in AD, but in cell systems is amenable to rescue by ARG1 downstream products Put and urea. Manipulation of the ARG1 pathway may, therefore, have potential to be used for the management of skin conditions such as AD.
Microneedles in diabetic wound care: multifunctional solutions for enhanced healing
Authors: Jian Xichao , Deng Yaping , Xiao Shune , Qi Fang , Deng Chengliang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Diabetic wounds present a significant challenge in clinical treatment and are characterized by chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, impaired angiogenesis, peripheral neuropathy, and a heightened risk of infection during the healing process. By creating small channels in the surface of the skin, microneedle technology offers a minimally invasive and efficient approach for drug delivery and treatment. This article begins by outlining the biological foundation of normal skin wound healing and the unique pathophysiological mechanisms of diabetic wounds. It then delves into the various types, materials, and preparation processes of microneedles. The focus is on the application of multifunctional microneedles in diabetic wound treatment, highlighting their antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, angiogenic and neural repair properties. These multifunctional microneedles demonstrate synergistic therapeutic effects by directly influencing the wound microenvironment, ultimately accelerating the healing of diabetic wounds. The advancement of microneedle technology not only holds promise for enhancing the treatment outcomes of diabetic wounds but also offers new strategies for addressing other chronic wounds.
Significant metal accumulation in fish in a metal-contaminated river without detectable effects on fish and macroinvertebrate communities
Authors: Iwasaki Yuichi , Oguri Tomoko , Ueda Kazutoshi , Morita Kentaro 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Excess metal accumulation in organisms can result in adverse impacts at the levels of the individual, population, and community. A detectable increase of metal concentrations in organisms does not necessarily imply that there are such impacts, but to our knowledge no field study has directly tested this hypothesis. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the accumulation of six elements (Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, As, and Se) in masu salmon (Oncorhynchus masou, Salmonidae) at a total of nine study sites in a metal-contaminated river receiving mine discharge and in a nearby reference river. Multiple fish community surveys in 2018 and 2019 consistently indicated that the abundances and condition factors of the four dominant fish species, including masu salmon, were comparable in the two rivers. In contrast, despite sample sizes of only five individuals per site, statistically significant increases in the concentrations of Cu, Cd, Pb, As, and Se in the muscle of masu salmon were observed at multiple sites in the metal-contaminated river, where no detectable impacts on the abundance or condition factor of the fish were observed. The muscle concentrations of Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, As, and Se at these sites were 1.4–2.5, 1.5–1.9, 188–520, 4.6–68.0, 1.1–3.9, and 2.8–3.5 times, respectively, the mean concentrations at the reference sites, although the increase of the Zn concentration in muscle at these metal-contaminated river sites was not significant. These results provide clear empirical evidence that a detectable increase in metal accumulation does not necessarily imply that population and community-level impacts are simultaneously occurring in the environment.
Socioeconomic disparities and risk of recurrent cardiovascular events and cardiovascular disease-free life expectancy in patients with established cardiovascular disease
Authors: Bijkerk Stella , Visseren Frank L J , van der Meer Manon G , de Borst Gert J , Ruigrok Ynte M , Jernberg Tomas , Woodward Mark , Moll van Charante Eric P , Vaartjes Ilonca , Dorresteijn Jannick A N , Hageman Steven H J ,   UCC-SMART study group, Cramer M J , van der Meer M G , van der Harst P , de Borst G J , Teraa M , Bots M L , van Smeden M , Emmelot-Vonk M H , de Jong P A , Lely A T , Mokhles M M , Ruigrok Y M , Verhaar M C , Dorresteijn J A N , Visseren F L J 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Aim
This study aimed to evaluate whether lower socioeconomic status (SES) is related to a higher risk of recurrent cardiovascular disease (CVD) events and reduced CVD-free life expectancy in a large cohort of patients with established CVD.

Methods
9,477 patients with established CVD from the Utrecht Cardiovascular Cohort – Secondary Manifestations of ARTerial disease (1996-2022) study were included. SES scores were determined at the neighbourhood level using scores provided by the Netherlands Institute for Social Research, based on income, education and unemployment. The relationship between SES and recurrent CVD events was analysed using Cox proportional hazard models, adjusted for age, sex, and traditional CVD risk factors. Event-free life expectancy across SES quintiles was assessed using Kaplan-Meier survival estimates, with age as the time scale and accounting for competing risks.

Results
Over a median follow-up of 9.0 years (IQI: 4.8-14.1), 2,090 recurrent CVD events occurred. Unfavourable CVD risk factors were more prevalent among low SES patients, who less frequently used preventive drug treatment. After adjusting for age and sex, patients in the lowest SES quintile had a higher risk of recurrent events compared to the highest SES quintile (HR: 1.35; 95%CI 1.17-1.56). This relationship persisted after adjusting for CVD risk factors potentially mediating the effect. The median event-free life expectancy was 5.5 years (95%CI 2.8-8.0) shorter comparing the lowest to highest SES quintile.

Conclusions
Among patients with established CVD, lower SES is related to a higher risk of recurrent CVD events independent of CVD risk factors, and to a shorter CVD-free survival. These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions to reduce health disparities.
Assessing genotype adaptability and stability in perennial forage breeding trials using random regression models for longitudinal dry matter yield data
Authors: Fernandes Filho Claudio Carlos , Lima Barrios Sanzio Carvalho , Santos Mateus Figueiredo , Nunes Jose Airton Rodrigues , do Valle Cacilda Borges , Jank Liana , Rios Esteban Fernando 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Genotype selection for dry matter yield (DMY) in perennial forage species is based on repeated measurements over time, referred to as longitudinal data. These datasets capture temporal trends and variability, which are critical for identifying genotypes with desirable performance across seasons. In this study, we have presented a random regression model (RRM) approach for selecting genotypes based on longitudinal DMY data generated from 10 breeding trials and three perennial species, alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), guineagrass (Megathyrsus maximus), and brachiaria (Urochloa spp.). We also proposed the estimation of adaptability based on the area under the curve and stability based on the curve coefficient of variation. Our results showed that RRM always approximated the (co)variance structure into an autoregressive pattern. Furthermore, RRM can offer useful information about longitudinal data in forage breeding trials, where the breeder can select genotypes based on their seasonality by interpreting reaction norms. Therefore, we recommend using RRM for longitudinal traits in breeding trials for perennial species.