bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shoot feeding, oviposition, and development of Monochamus galloprovincialis on Pinus pinea relative to other pine species
Authors: Sanchez‐Husillos Estela , Álvarez‐Baz Gonzalo , Etxebeste Iñaki , Pajares Juan Alberto 
Published: August 2013

AbstractTransmission of the causing agent of the pine wilt disease, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner & Buhrer) (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae), among Pinus pinaster Aiton (Pinaceae) trees in Portugal is known to occur during pine sawyer, Monochamus galloprovincialis (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), adult feeding on twigs of healthy trees or during female oviposition on dying or dead trees. Still, the disease does not affect the other potentially susceptible local pine species, Pinus pinea L. Several experiments evaluated the suitability of P. pinea as a host for M. galloprovincialis feeding, oviposition, and progeny development. Feeding responses were studied in two‐choice experiments pairing P. pinea twigs with P. pinaster, Pinus halepensis Miller, Pinus sylvestris L., Pinus uncinata Miller, and Pinus nigra Arnold. Another test assessed the effect of increased dosages of limonene applied to P. pinaster twigs on M. galloprovincialis feeding. Oviposition preferences for P. pinaster, with either intact or manipulated bark thickness, P. pinea, and P. sylvestris were also studied in two‐choice tests. Finally, suitability of P. pinea as a substrate for the development of M. galloprovincialis offspring was tested. Results showed that P. pinea could be an acceptable host for the pine sawyer feeding under laboratory conditions. Only P. sylvestris and P. pinaster twigs were significantly more consumed than those from P. pinea. Control and limonene‐treated twigs were eaten similarly, but feeding decreased as dose increased, suggesting an inhibitory effect of limonene. Oviposition wounds, both egg‐containing and eggless, occurred more on P. pinea than on P. sylvestris or P. pinaster, though the percentages of wounds indicating successful egg laying were significantly higher on P. pinaster and P. sylvestris. Monochamus galloprovincialis progeny completed its development on P. pinea, but emergence was lower than on P. sylvestris, likely due to higher mortality during egg and early larval stages. Thus, results on vector host preferences do not explain the observed absence of nematode‐killed P. pinea trees in the field.
Maximized song learning of juvenile male zebra finches following BDNF expression in the HVC
Authors: Dittrich Falk , ter Maat Andries , Jansen Rene F. , Pieneman Anton , Hertel Moritz , Frankl‐Vilches Carolina , Gahr Manfred 
Published: August 2013

AbstractDuring song learning, vocal patterns are matched to an auditory memory acquired from a tutor, a process involving sensorimotor feedback. Song sensorimotor learning and song production of birds is controlled by a set of interconnected brain nuclei, the song control system. In male zebra finches, the beginning of the sensorimotor phase of song learning parallels an increase of the brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in just one part of the song control system, the forebrain nucleus HVC. We report here that transient BDNF‐mRNA upregulation in the HVC results in a maximized copying of song syllables. Each treated bird shows motor learning to an extent similar to that of the selected best learners among untreated zebra finches. Because this result was not found following BDNF overexpression in the target areas of HVC within the song system, HVC‐anchored mechanisms are limiting sensorimotor vocal learning.
Long‐term depression of synaptic transmission in the adult mouse insular cortex in vitro
Authors: Liu Ming‐Gang , Koga Kohei , Guo Yan‐Yan , Kang SukJae Joshua , Collingridge Graham L. , Kaang Bong‐Kiun , Zhao Ming‐Gao , Zhuo Min 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe insular cortex (IC) is known to play important roles in higher brain functions such as memory and pain. Activity‐dependent long‐term depression (LTD) is a major form of synaptic plasticity related to memory and chronic pain. Previous studies of LTD have mainly focused on the hippocampus, and no study in the IC has been reported. In this study, using a 64‐channel recording system, we show for the first time that repetitive low‐frequency stimulation (LFS) can elicit frequency‐dependent LTD of glutamate receptor‐mediated excitatory synaptic transmission in both superficial and deep layers of the IC of adult mice. The induction of LTD in the IC required activation of the N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor, metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR)5, and L‐type voltage‐gated calcium channel. Protein phosphatase 1/2A and endocannabinoid signaling are also critical for the induction of LTD. In contrast, inhibiting protein kinase C, protein kinase A, protein kinase Mζ or calcium/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II did not affect LFS‐evoked LTD in the IC. Bath application of the group I mGluR agonist (RS)‐3,5‐dihydroxyphenylglycine produced another form of LTD in the IC, which was NMDA receptor‐independent and could not be occluded by LFS‐induced LTD. Our studies have characterised the basic mechanisms of LTD in the IC at the network level, and suggest that two different forms of LTD may co‐exist in the same population of IC synapses.
Advantageous safety profile of a dual selective alpha2C agonist/alpha2A antagonist antinociceptive agent
Authors: Delaunois Annie , De Ron Pierrette , Dedoncker Paul , Rosseels Marie‐Luce , Cornet Miranda , Jnoff Eric , Hanon Etienne , Guyaux Michel , Depelchin Brigitte Olympe 
Published: August 2013

AbstractA selective α2C‐adrenoceptor (AR) agonist was developed for the treatment of neuropathic pain. The objective was to dissociate analgesic activity from cardiovascular and sedative side effects commonly observed with nonselective agents. A 2‐amino‐oxazoline derivative (compound A), identified as a dual α2C‐AR agonist/α2A‐AR antagonist in in vitro‐binding assays, exhibited in vivo efficacy in rodent pain models. Its safety profile was compared with that of clonidine in six different in vivo models. Contrary to clonidine, compound A did not induce hypotension in pentobarbital‐anesthetized rats, in conscious spontaneous hypertensive rats, or in telemetered dogs. Both agents induced similar dose‐dependent decreases in heart rate in dogs and rats. In anesthetized pithed rats, clonidine showed dose‐dependent hypertension and inhibited electrical nerve stimulation‐induced tachycardia at doses close to its efficacious doses in the mouse formalin test, while compound A had much weaker vasoconstrictive and antichronotropic effects. Finally, in a mouse Irwin test, no sedation was observed with compound A at 30‐fold its ED50 in the mouse formalin test, while sedative effects of clonidine started from three‐fold its ED50. These data confirm the advantageous safety profile of the new dual α2C‐AR agonist/α2A‐AR antagonist agent vs. the nonselective agonist clonidine.
Role of N‐terminal extension of Bacillus stearothermophilus RNase H2 and C‐terminal extension of Thermotoga maritima RNase H2
Authors: Permanasari Etin‐Diah , Angkawidjaja Clement , Koga Yuichi , Kanaya Shigenori 
Published: August 2013

Bacillus stearothermophilus RNase H2 (BstRNH2) and Thermotoga maritima RNase H2 (TmaRNH2) have N‐terminal and C‐terminal extensions, respectively, as compared with Aquifex aeolicus RNase H2 (AaeRNH2). To analyze the role of these extensions, BstRNH2 and TmaRNH2 without these extensions were constructed, and their biochemical properties were compared with those of their intact partners and AaeRNH2. The far‐UV CD spectra of all proteins were similar, suggesting that the protein structure is not significantly altered by removal of these extensions. However, both the junction ribonuclease and RNase H activities of BstRNH2 and TmaRNH2, as well as their substrate‐binding affinities, were considerably decreased by removal of these extensions. The stability of BstRNH2 and TmaRNH2 was also decreased by removal of these extensions. The activity, substrate binding affinity and stability of TmaRNH2 without the C‐terminal 46 residues were partly restored by the attachment of the N‐terminal extension of BstRNH2. These results suggest that the N‐terminal extension of BstRNH2 functions as a substrate‐binding domain and stabilizes the RNase H domain. Because the C‐terminal extension of TmaRNH2 assumes a helix hairpin structure and does not make direct contact with the substrate, this extension is probably required to make the conformation of the substrate‐binding site functional. AaeRNH2 showed comparable junction ribonuclease activity to those of BstRNH2 and TmaRNH2, and was more stable than these proteins, indicating that bacterial RNases H2 do not always require an N‐terminal or C‐terminal extension to increase activity, substrate‐binding affinity, and/or stability.
Forests on thawing permafrost: fragmentation, edge effects, and net forest loss
Authors: Baltzer Jennifer L. , Veness Tyler , Chasmer Laura E. , Sniderhan Anastasia E. , Quinton William L. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractMuch of the world's boreal forest occurs on permafrost (perennially cryotic ground). As such, changes in permafrost conditions have implications for forest function and, within the zone of discontinuous permafrost (30–80% permafrost in areal extent), distribution. Here, forested peat plateaus underlain by permafrost are elevated above the surrounding permafrost‐free wetlands; as permafrost thaws, ground surface subsidence leads to waterlogging at forest margins. Within the North American subarctic, recent warming has produced rapid, widespread permafrost thaw and corresponding forest loss. Although permafrost thaw‐induced forest loss provides a natural analogue to deforestation occurring in more southerly locations, we know little about how fragmentation relates to subsequent permafrost thaw and forest loss or the role of changing conditions at the edges of forested plateaus. We address these knowledge gaps by (i) examining the relationship of forest loss to the degree of fragmentation in a boreal peatland in the Northwest Territories, Canada; and (ii) quantifying associated biotic and abiotic changes occurring across forest‐wetland transitions and extending into the forested plateaus (i.e., edge effects). We demonstrate that the rate of forest loss correlates positively with the degree of fragmentation as quantified by perimeter to area ratio of peat plateaus (edge : area). Changes in depth of seasonal thaw, soil moisture, and effective leaf area index (LAIe) penetrated the plateau forests by 3–15 m. Water uptake by trees was sevenfold greater in the plateau interior than at the edges with direct implications for tree radial growth. A negative relationship existed between LAIe and soil moisture, suggesting that changes in vegetation physiological function may contribute to changing edge conditions while simultaneously being affected by these changes. Enhancing our understanding of mechanisms contributing to differential rates of permafrost thaw and associated forest loss is critical for predicting future interactions between the land surface processes and the climate system in high‐latitude regions.
The effect of a dry spring on seasonal carbon allocation and vegetation dynamics in a poplar bioenergy plantation
Authors: Broeckx Laura S. , Verlinden Melanie S. , Berhongaray Gonzalo , Zona Donatella , Fichot Régis , Ceulemans Reinhart 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIn this study the seasonal variation in carbon, water and energy fluxes as well as in net primary productivity (NPP) of different tree components is presented for a 2‐year‐old poplar (Populus spp.) plantation. A thorough ecophysiological study was performed at ecosystem scale, at tree and at leaf level, in this high‐density bioenergy plantation. Seasonal variation in NPP and fluxes was analysed in relation to meteorological parameters at the field site. The growing season length in terms of carbon uptake was controlled by leaf area development until the maximum leaf area index (LAImax) was reached. Afterwards, a shift to belowground carbon allocation was observed. A dry period in spring caused a reduced leaf area production as well as a decrease in net ecosystem exchange and gross primary production (GPP) due to stomatal closure. Water use efficiency and fine root growth increased in response to limiting soil water availability in the root zone. When soil water availability was not limiting, GPP was controlled by a decrease in solar radiation and air temperature. The results of this study indicate that the productivity of recently established bioenergy plantations with fast‐growing trees is very sensitive to drought. The interaction between soil water availability and factors controlling ecosystem GPP is crucial in assessing the CO2 mitigation potential under future climate conditions.
Stacking species distribution models and adjusting bias by linking them to macroecological models
Authors: Calabrese Justin M. , Certain Grégoire , Kraan Casper , Dormann Carsten F. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAimSpecies distribution models (SDMs) are common tools in biogeography and conservation ecology. It has been repeatedly claimed that aggregated (stacked) SDMs (S‐SDMs) will overestimate species richness. One recently suggested solution to this problem is to use macroecological models of species richness to constrain S‐SDMs. Here, we examine current practice in the development of S‐SDMs to identify methodological problems, provide tools to overcome these issues, and quantify the performance of correctly stacked S‐SDMs alongside macroecological models.LocationsBarents Sea, Europe and Dutch Wadden Sea.MethodsWe present formal mathematical arguments demonstrating how S‐SDMs should and should not be stacked. We then compare the performance of macroecological models and correctly stacked S‐SDMs on the same data to determine if the former can be used to constrain the latter. Next, we develop a maximum‐likelihood approach to adjusting S‐SDMs and discuss how it could potentially be used in combination with macroecological models. Finally, we use this tool to quantify how S‐SDMs deviate from observed richness in four very different case studies.ResultsWe demonstrate that stacking methods based on thresholding site‐level occurrence probabilities will almost always be biased, and that these biases will tend toward systematic overprediction of richness. Next, we show that correctly stacked S‐SDMs perform very similarly to macroecological models in that they both have a tendency to overpredict richness in species‐poor sites and underpredict it in species‐rich sites.Main conclusionsOur results suggest that the perception that S‐SDMs consistently overpredict richness is driven largely by incorrect stacking methods. With these biases removed, S‐SDMs perform similarly to macroecological models, suggesting that combining the two model classes will not offer much improvement. However, if situations where coupling S‐SDMs and macroecological models would be beneficial are subsequently identified, the tools we develop would facilitate such a synthesis.
Desmopressin (DDAVP) in the management of patients with congenital bleeding disorders
Authors: Leissinger C. , Carcao M. , Gill J. C. , Journeycake J. , Singleton T. , Valentino L. 
Published: August 2013

SummaryBleeding disorders, including haemophilia, von Willebrand disease, and platelet function abnormalities pose a substantial, ongoing management challenge. Patients with these disorders not only require treatment during bleeding events but also need effective management strategies to prepare for events ranging from minor dental procedures to major surgery and childbirth. Moreover, women with bleeding disorders often require ongoing treatment to prevent menorrhagia during childbearing years. Desmopressin (DDAVP), a synthetic derivative of the antidiuretic hormone l‐arginine vasopressin, has become a well‐established tool for the management of patients with bleeding disorders in a variety of clinical settings. However, despite the widespread use of DDAVP, the available clinical evidence on its efficacy and safety in these settings is limited, and there has not been a recent comprehensive review of its role in the clinical management of patients with bleeding disorders. As such, this article provides a review of the mechanism of action and pharmacokinetic properties of DDAVP, followed by a concise summary of the available evidence for its use in the treatment and prevention of bleeding.
Effects of microwave and ultrasound pretreatments on enzymolysis of milk protein concentrate with different enzymes
Authors: Uluko Hankie , Zhang Shuwen , Liu Lu , Chen Jianhang , Sun Yanjun , Su Yanling , Li Hongjuan , Cui Wenming , Lv Jiaping 
Published: August 2013

SummaryMilk protein concentrate was pretreated either by microwave irradiation or by ultrasound before initiation of 3‐h enzymatic hydrolysis. The duration of pretreatment ranged from 1 to 8 min at a power level of 800 W, with the control not being subjected to any pretreatment, and five enzymes (Alcalase, Trypsin, Neutrase, Alkaline Protease and Flavourzyme) were employed. The effects of microwave and ultrasound pretreatments on the kinetics and degree of hydrolysis, protein solubility, bitterness and angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitory activity were evaluated. Pretreatments increased the degree of hydrolysis and stabilised the solubility of the hydrolysates but could not significantly reduce bitterness of the hydrolysates The angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitory activity of the hydrolysates were improved with 5‐min ultrasound‐pretreated Neutrase hydrolysates giving IC50 value of 0.23 mg mL−1. Kinetic parameters showed improved catalytic efficiencies. Pretreatments of milk protein concentrates with either microwave or ultrasound significantly improve the bioactivity and functional characteristics of the resulting hydrolysates.
Effect of drying conditions on the retention of phenolic compounds, anthocyanins and antioxidant activity of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) added to yogurt
Authors: Leyva Daniel Diana E. , Barragán Huerta Blanca E. , Vizcarra Mendoza Mario G. , Anaya Sosa Irasema 
Published: August 2013

SummaryTo evaluate the use of lixiviate roselle calyxes as an alternative source of bioactive compounds, they were subjected to dehydration in a vibrofluidised bed dryer after which some chemical parameters such as the retention of monomeric anthocyanins (MA), phenolic compounds, polymeric colour and antioxidant activity were determined. Drying curves showed both a constant drying period and a decreasing falling rate period. The different drying conditions showed significant differences in the chemical parameters. Using the dry residue with the best bioactive compounds content, it was possible to develop a dairy beverage (yogurt). The results confirmed that lixiviated roselle calyxes could be a competitive alternative for traditional products, such as grapes or bilberries, in terms on their antioxidant activity and stability when it is added as a source of bioactive compounds.
Effect of lightly salt and sucrose on rigor mortis changes in silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) stored at 4°C
Authors: Shi Ce , Cui Jianyun , Luo Yongkang , Zhou Zhongyun 
Published: August 2013

SummaryTo evaluate the effect of salt and sucrose on rigor mortis changes in silver carp during 72 h at 4 °C, physical (texture parameters, water holding capacity (WHC), cooking loss, L* value) and chemical adenosine triphosphate (ATP‐related compounds, K value, pH value) characteristics were studied. Silver carp were subjected to following treatments: left untreated (CK), treated with 1.8% salt (S) and 1.8% salt incorporating 1.8% sucrose (S+S). Curing treatments predominantly increased IMP content, WHC and texture parameters, retarded cooking loss and discoloration compared with untreated samples. The highest IMP concentration measured in S and S+S all occurred at 4 h, which was prior to that of CK (48 h). K value of S+S did not follow a linear relationship with time. The results indicated that the best eating times of CK, S and S+S were 2, 4 and 4 h at 4 °C, respectively, and curing treatments improved the quality of silver carp during postmortem process.
Optimum extraction and recovery of trypsin inhibitor from yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacores) roe and its biochemical properties
Authors: Klomklao Sappasith , Benjakul Soottawat , Kishimura Hideki 
Published: August 2013

SummaryEffect of lipid removal, extraction medium and extraction time on the isolation and recovery of trypsin inhibitor from yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacores) roe was investigated. Trypsin inhibitor extracted from defatted tuna roe showed the higher specific inhibitory activity than extracted from origin tuna roe. Optimal extraction medium was attained by shaking the defatted yellowfin tuna roe powder in 10 mm Na phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) containing 0.5 m NaCl (P < 0.05). The extraction time affected the inhibitor recovery significantly (P < 0.05). The extraction time of 30 min was optimum for recovery of trypsin inhibitor from yellowfin tuna roe. The biochemical properties of trypsin inhibitor from yellowfin tuna roes were also determined. The inhibitor was stable to heat treatment up to 60C and over a broad pH range (5‐8). Increasing the concentration of salt (up to 3%, w/v) did not significantly decrease the trypsin inhibitory activity. However, the activity decreased when trypsin inhibitor was incubated with metal ions at ambient temperature for 30 min.
Optimisation of withered leaf moisture during the manufacture of black tea based upon theaflavins fractions
Authors: Sabhapondit Santanu , Bhattacharyya Pradip , Bhuyan Lakshi P. , Hazarika Mridul , Goswami Bhabesh Ch 
Published: August 2013

SummaryA study was conducted to see the effect of different moisture content of withered leaf on the activity of oxidative enzymes polyphenoloxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (PO) and on the formation of theaflavins (TFs) and thearubigins (TRs). Six commercially popular cultivars TV1, TV7, TV9, TV23, TV26 and T.3E/3 of Assam, India, were processed in four different moisture levels (72%, 70%, 68% and 65%). Significant reduction in PPO and PO enzymes, TFs, TRs and theaflavin digallate equivalent was observed with the decrease in moisture content of withered leaf. The TFs (0.83–5.4 mg g−1) and TRs (23–107 mg g−1) fractions were lowest at moisture level 65 ± 1%. Of the six cultivars studied, better quality of black tea was obtained for cultivar TV1, TV9 and TV23 at 70 ± 1% moisture content, while for TV7 and TV26, it was 68 ± 1%. Withered leaf moisture content should be carefully chosen to obtain the better quality tea from specific cultivar.
Colour of hot paprika from the La Vera and Murcia regions packaged in different atmospheres during storage
Authors: Ordóñez‐Santos Luis E. , Pastur‐García Begoña , Romero‐Rodríguez Angeles , VÁzquez‐Odériz Lourdes 
Published: August 2013

SummaryThis study compared the behaviour of hot paprika (Capsicum annuum L.) samples from the district of La Vera and the region of Murcia packaged in five different conditions during storage. The following five different packaging conditions were used in this study: modified atmosphere packaging with three different conditions (100% N2; 50% N2 and 50% CO2; and 100% CO2), vacuum packaging and traditional packaging (product packaging system without modifying the atmosphere). After the samples were packaged, they were stored for 8 months at room temperature (normal storage conditions). The following parameters were used to indicate the quality of the samples: Aw, ASTA colour, CIEL*a*b* colour parameters, and the composition of red and yellow compounds. The results indicate that the modified atmosphere packaging and vacuum packaging exerted a protective effect on the paprika quality characteristics regardless of the paprika origin. However, no clear differences were detected between the effect of vacuum packaging and the different modified atmosphere packaging conditions.