bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Religious Exemptions: An Egalitarian Demand?
Authors: White Stuart G. 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
To what extent does the case for exemptions from laws to accommodate religious (and perhaps other conscientious) commitments rest specifically on egalitarian arguments? To what extent should specifically egalitarian or anti-discrimination concerns be used to determine when such exemptions should be granted? This Article considers both of these questions. It argues that while egalitarian considerations have a role to play in both the general justification and case-by-case evaluation of exemption claims, neither the justification, nor the evaluation of exemptions, properly rests solely on specifically egalitarian considerations. At the level of justification, there is an important, independent role for something akin to the principle of respect for conscience recently put forward by Martha Nussbaum; and, when citizens come to evaluate particular claims for exemptions, the anti-discrimination approach put forward by Christopher Eisgruber and Lawrence Sager in the context of the U.S. and its constitutional tradition is more plausibly seen as a complement to the “balancing test” which has been used historically rather than as an alternative to it.
Public Justification and the Right to Private Property: Welfare Rights as Compensation for Exclusion
Authors: Brettschneider Corey 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
The right to private property is among the most fundamental in liberal theory. For many liberals the idea of the state is grounded in its role as a protector of private property. If the liberal state is justified by its ability to protect property, the modern welfare state is often justified by its ability to meet needs. According to a view commonly referred to as “welfarism,” the very fact that needs exist implies there is a moral obligation to meet them. In this Article I appeal to Rawlsian contractualist justification, including the “criterion of reciprocity,” in developing a third manner of thinking about the relationship between property and welfare. I argue that welfare rights are necessary conditions for justifying a role for the state in enforcing the “right to exclude,” a fundamental element of private ownership. My Article thus aims to use Rawls’ account of justification, outlined in his later works, to theorize the notion of property-owning democracy from Theory of Justice.
Logit Regression Based Bankruptcy Prediction of Korean Firms
Authors: Han Chulwoo , Kang Hyeongmook , Kim Gamin , Yi Joseph 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
In this article, we develop a bankruptcy prediction model for Korean firms that utilize logit regression. We find that not only financial accounting ratios but equity market inputs and macro-economic variables are also important predictors of bankruptcy. However, unlike the findings of Campbell et al. (2008), using market value of equity in computing total assets did not improve the model. We compare the model with a Merton-type structural model and find that our model demonstrates a higher prediction power in distinguishing distressed firms from healthy firms. Though our model proves to perform better, we are careful to make a conclusion and rather suggest using several models for the purpose of risk management to reduce model risk.
Integrating Helms’s White Racial Identity Development Model with Cognitive- Experiential Self-Theory: Implications for Multicultural Education
Authors: Suthakaran V. 
Published: December 2012

Abstract With the increased focus on multicultural education in colleges and universities, there is a need for educators to have a profound knowledge of White racial identity development to better understand White students’ resistance to multicultural topics and to facilitate their racial identity development. An integration of Helms’s White racial identity development model with Epstein’s cognitive-experiential self-theory (CEST) is presented in this article. It is proposed that the integration of Helms’ White racial identity development model with CEST enhances the potential for Helms’s model to more deeply explain White racial identity development among White students. Implications for multicultural education are provided.
Reliability, Validity, Effects Sizes, and Confidence Intervals in Multicultural Teaching and Learning Research and Scholarship
Authors: Sapp Marty 
Published: December 2012

Abstract Like many journals within education, for Multicultural Learning and Teaching, this writer found little written on measurement, effect sizes, and confidence intervals; therefore, the purpose of this article is to address these factors. The effect of not addressing these issues is that a basic foundation of science cannot be established without them (Thompson, 2002). It is hoped that researchers and scholars can adapt these concepts to their multicultural learning and teaching research and scholarship. Reliability, validity, effect sizes, and confidence intervals are necessary for multicultural learning, teaching, research and scholarship. Reliability and validity are the pillars of good research, and effect sizes allow one to determine the degree to which the null hypothesis may be false. Also, effect sizes are point estimates and they describe sample data, while confidence intervals describe what happen within populations through repeated sampling or repeated testing. This article describes reliability, validity, effect sizes, confidence intervals and how to calculate them using the SPSS statistical software. Individuals who understand multicultural issues will be able to apply these ideas to their research and scholarship. Finally, to aid understanding, few formulas are used, but narratives are used to aid in presenting these ideas.
Nachhaltigkeit beim Bibliotheksbau
Authors: Sommer Dorothea , Feldsien-Sudhaus Inken 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
The 16th seminar of the LIBER Architecture Group, which took place in Prague in 2012, offered its participants a range of different topics dealing with library architecture. Special focus of the seminar was the reuse and refurbishment of existing buildings with regard to issues of sustainability. The presentations included general principles of the planning process in connection with the functions and roles of libraries within urban planning. They also informed on current developments in teaching and research at European universities. Projects were presented, which showed energy saving planning approaches as well as the reconstruction and complete reorganization of existing buildings in order to adapt them to current demands of library buildings. In addition, a crash course in acoustics was provided. Libraries as learning spaces were not only shown in the presentations during the seminar, but could be explored during the visits of the Technical National Library in Prague as well as in other Czech libraries. The program of the conference concluded with presentations, which focused in particular on the preservation of collections.
Tropomodulins and tropomyosins – organizers of cellular microcompartments
Authors: Fath Thomas 
Published: December 2012

AbstractEukaryotic cells show a remarkable compartmentalization into compartments such as the cell nucleus, the Golgi apparatus, the endoplasmic reticulum, and endosomes. However, organelle structures are not the only means by which specialized compartments are formed. Recent research shows a critical role for diverse actin filament populations in defining functional compartments, here referred to as microcompartments, in a wide range of cells. These microcompartments are involved in regulating fundamental cellular functions including cell motility, plasma membrane organization, and cellular morphogenesis. In this overview, the importance of two multigene families of actin-associated proteins, tropomodulins and tropomyosins, their interactions with each other, and a large number of other proteins will be discussed in the context of generating specialized actin-based microcompartments.
Blood protein and blood cell interactions with gold nanoparticles: the need for in vivo studies
Authors: Shah Neha B. , Bischof John C. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractGold nanoparticles (GNPs) have gained in prominence within the field of nanomedicine with recent advancement of several embodiments to clinical trials. To ensure their success in the clinic it has become increasingly clear that a deeper understanding of the biological interactions of GNPs is imperative. Since the majority of GNPs are intended for systemic intravenous use, an immediate and critical biological interaction is between the blood and the GNP. Blood is composed of plasma proteins and cells. Both of these components can induce downstream effects upon interacting with GNPs that ultimately influence their medical impact. For instance, proteins from the blood can cover the GNP to create a biological identity through formation of a protein corona that is quite different from the originally synthesized GNP. Once in the bloodstream this protein coated GNP evokes both positive and negative physiological responses such as biodistribution into tissue for therapy (i.e., cancer) and toxicity or off target accumulation in the reticuloendothelial system (RES) that must be controlled for optimal use. In this review, we summarize predominantly in vitro studies of GNP interactions with blood plasma proteins and blood cells and make the case that more in vivo study is urgently needed to optimal design and control GNP use in medicine. In some cases where no specific GNP blood studies exist, we draw the readers’ attention to studies conducted with other types of nanoparticles as reference.
Diabetes as a complication of adipose tissue dysfunction. Is there a role for potential new biomarkers?
Authors: Bergmann Katarzyna , Sypniewska Grazyna 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Increasing incidence of type 2 diabetes is a major health problem of the modern world and requires new diagnostic tools to assess early metabolic disorders, particularly insulin resistance. The link between obesity, inflammation and insulin resistance indicates the important secretory role of adipose tissue. Proinflammatory factors (cytokines, adipokines) produced by enlarged adipose tissue are related to impaired glucose metabolism. Adipokines act as paracrine factors in adipose tissue and as endocrine hormones in the liver, muscles and central nervous system. Novel adipokines secreted from adipocytes such as retinol binding protein-4 (RBP-4), vaspin, omentin, chemerin, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (A-FABP) and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) demonstrate pleiotropic activity and their insulin-sensitizing or enhancing insulin resistance properties have not been clearly confirmed yet. In spite of the lack of standardized automated assay methods currently available for these novel biomarkers, promising results from several studies emphasize that they might potentially be useful prognostic factors for diabetes and its complications, especially in individuals without the typical symptoms of metabolic syndrome.
A proficiency testing program of hemoglobin analysis in prevention and control of severe hemoglobinopathies in Thailand
Authors: Karnpean Rossarin , Fucharoen Goonnapa , Pansuwan Anupong , Changtrakul Duangrudee , Fucharoen Supan 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBackground:No external quality assessment program for hemoglobin (Hb) analysis in the prevention and control of thalassemia has been established in Thailand. To improve the first line provisional diagnostics, the first proficiency testing (PT) program has been established.Methods:External Hb controls prepared at our center were sent to Hb analysis laboratories all over the country. Three cycles per year were performed in 2010 and 2011. In each cycle, two control samples with corresponding hematological parameters, designated as husband and his pregnant wife were supplied for Hb analysis. Each member analyzed the control samples in their routine practices. The results of Hb analysis, laboratory interpretation and risk assessment of the expected fetus for severe thalassemia diseases targeted for prevention and control were entered into the report form and sent back to our center. Participants reports were analyzed and classified into four different quality groups; Excellent (when all the three parameters are correct), Good (correct Hb analysis and interpretation but incorrect risk assessment), Fair (correct Hb analysis but incorrect interpretation and risk assessment) and Needs improvement (incorrect Hb analysis).Results:It was found that most participants could report correct Hb types and quantifications but some misinterpretations and risk assessments were noted. These were clearly seen when control samples with more complexity were supplied.Conclusions:These results indicate a further improvement is required in the laboratory interpretation and knowledge of the laboratory diagnosis of thalassemia. The established system should facilitate the prevention and control program of thalassemia in the region.
Glycemic control in the clinical management of diabetic patients
Authors: Mosca Andrea , Lapolla Annunziata , Gillery Philippe 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
In clinical practice, glycemic control is generally assessed by measuring and interpreting glycated hemoglobin levels, however, this test should be run under standardized conditions. We focus here on the crucial steps to ensure IFCC standardized HbA1c results, pointing out several residual weak points, mostly relating to the laboratory end-user (calibration, quality control materials, and EQAS). We also review the use of HbA1c for diagnosing diabetes and the various indicators useful for assessing glucose variability because in some cases they seem to represent a patient’s glucose profile more accurately than one-off HbA1c assays. Finally, the potential utility of glycated albumin and the glycation gap, the costs involved and the laboratory management issues are briefly discussed.
Thrombotic stroke in association with ovarian hyperstimulation and early pregnancy rescued by thrombectomy
Authors: Chua Natalie W.L. , Wang Junjie , Loh Seong-Feei , Chan Jerry K.Y. , Brent Robert L. 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) affects 2–4% of in vitro fertilization (IVF) patients, which may rarely result in an ischemic stroke secondary to a hypercoagulable state. We describe a case of a 38-year-old IVF patient who developed early-onset OHSS with a viable pregnancy who presented at 18 days post embryo transfer with an ischemic stroke resulting from a thrombus in the right middle cerebral artery. As the use of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator was relatively contraindicated owing to a recent intra-abdominal drain placement, a radiologically guided thrombectomy was performed. This resulted in neurological improvement in the mother and the birth of a normal term infant, without significant ionizing effects to the developing embryo.
Three-dimensional power Doppler assessment of pelvic structures after unilateral uterine artery embolization for postpartum hemorrhage
Authors: Tullius Thomas G. , Ross Jason Robert , Eziefule Akwugo , Ghaleb Melhem , Plavsic Sanja Kupesic 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Delayed postpartum hemorrhage, defined as bleeding following delivery up to 6 weeks postpartum, is a risk following cesarean or vaginal delivery. Episodes most commonly occur between 8 and 14 days postpartum. Here, we present a case of a 24-year-old woman presenting with delayed postpartum hemorrhage 14 days after delivery, which later proved to be caused by left uterine artery hemorrhage. The hemorrhage was refractory to local treatment and required invasive measures to prevent hypotensive shock. In lieu of a hysterectomy, a unilateral uterine artery embolization (UAE) was performed to preserve fertility in this 24-year-old patient. Three-dimensional power Doppler ultrasonography was performed 3 weeks after UAE to assess the volume and vascularity of the pelvic structures. This case illustrates a viable intervention for women with postpartum hemorrhage who desire to preserve future fertility, as well as a method to detect structural and vascular changes after the treatment to evaluate their future fertility prospects.
Prenatal surgery in a triplet pregnancy complicated by a double twin reversed arterial perfusion (TRAP) sequence
Authors: Smet Maria-Elisabeth , Smet Dirk , DeKoninck Philip , De Catte Luc , Deprest Jan , Devlieger Roland 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
To the best of our knowledge, we report the first case of a successful antenatal intervention in a double twin reversed arterial perfusion (TRAP) sequence in a monoamniotic monochorial triplet pregnancy. After diagnosis during first-trimester ultrasound, fetoscopic coagulation and transection of the umbilical cords of both acardiac members was performed at 16 weeks of gestation. The immediate postoperative course was complicated with iatrogenic preterm premature rupture of membranes, which was successfully reversed with an amniopatch procedure. Consequent sonographic assessments showed a healthy fetus with normal growth and development, together with progressive atrophy of the acardiac fetuses. Owing to placental abruption, an urgent cesarean section was performed at 32 weeks. A baby girl of 1600 g was born in good general condition. Except for the butts of the transected umbilical cords, there were no remnants of the TRAP twins to be distinguished. After a neonatal follow up of 64 days, the baby girl could be discharged.
Irreducible representations of Leavitt path algebras
Authors: Chen Xiao-Wu 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
We construct some irreducible representations of the Leavitt path algebra of an arbitrary
quiver. The constructed representations are associated to certain algebraic branching systems. For a row-finite quiver, we
classify algebraic branching systems, to which irreducible representations of the Leavitt path algebra are associated. For
a certain quiver, we obtain a faithful completely reducible representation of the Leavitt path
algebra. The twisted representations of the constructed ones under the scaling action are studied.
Moisture-dependent orthotropic tension-compression asymmetry of wood
Authors: Ozyhar Tomasz , Hering Stefan , Niemz Peter 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
The influence of moisture content (MC) on the tension-compression (Te-Co) asymmetry of beech wood has been examined. The elastic and strength parameters, including Te and Co Young’s moduli, Poisson’s ratios, and ultimate and yield stress values, were determined and compared in terms of different MCs for all orthotropic directions. The results reveal a distinctive Te-Co strength asymmetry with a moisture dependency that is visualized clearly by the Te to Co yield stress ratio. The Te-Co asymmetry is further shown by the inequality of the elastic properties, known as the “bimodular behavior”. The latter is proven for the Young’s moduli values in the radial and tangential directions and for individual Poisson’s ratios. Although the bimodularity of the Young’s moduli is significant at low MC levels, there is no evidence of moisture dependency on the Te-Co asymmetry of the Poisson’s ratios.
Partial agonist, but not pure antiestrogens stimulate doming, a marker of normal differentiation, in the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line
Authors: Butler W. Barkley , D’Amico Stephen C. , Glassford William J. , Wu Weizhen 
Published: December 2012

Abstract

Background: The mechanisms by which tamoxifen inhibits breast tumor growth are not completely understood. Partial agonist antiestrogens such as tamoxifen may cause the estrogen receptor (ER) to interact with genes different from those activated by ER bound to estradiol. Doming is a property often associated with, and considered a marker of, differentiation in mammary epithelial cells in culture. This study compared the ability of pure and partial agonist antiestrogens to stimulate doming.

Materials and methods: MCF-7 cells grown in medium with 10% calf serum were treated with antiestrogens. Domes were counted in three rows (width of the 4× field) across the flask.

Results: Three partial agonist antiestrogens [4-hydroxytamoxifen (OHT), H1285 and RU 39,411] caused dome formation. None of the pure antiestrogens tested (ICI 164,384, ICI 182,780 and RU 58,668) caused doming. Doming was stimulated in a dose-dependent manner starting at 1 nM OHT with maximum stimulation at 10–100 nM. Estradiol did not stimulate doming, but blocked doming at 1%–10% of the OHT concentration. Trichostatin A (TSA) reduced the level of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and adding it 24 h before adding OHT prevented dome formation.

Conclusions: OHT and the other partial agonist antiestrogens appear to act through the ER to stimulate doming. The ability of tamoxifen to induce a marker of differentiation may play a role in its inhibition of breast tumors. If so, then the fact that other partial agonist antiestrogens share this ability, but that pure antiestrogens lack it, may be an important consideration in developing new antiestrogens for breast cancer therapy.
Bifunctional epitope-agonist ligands of the bradykinin B2 receptor
Authors: Gera Lajos , Roy Caroline , Marceau François 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Two bradykinin (BK) B2 receptor agonists N-terminally extended with the myc epitope were synthesized and evaluated: myc-KPG-BK and myc-KGP-B-9972. The latter was modeled on the inactivation-resistant agonist B-9972 (D-Arg0, Hyp3, Igl5, Oic7, Igl8-BK) and is also resistant to endosomal inactivation. Despite a large loss of affinity relative to the parent peptide, the tagged analogs are conventional agonists in the umbilical vein contractility assay and compete for [3H]BK binding at the rabbit B2 receptor. Endocytosed myc-KGP-B-9972 most effectively carried AlexaFluor-488-conjugated anti-myc monoclonal antibodies into intact cells expressing the B2 receptor. Results support the prospects of functionally-active cargoes entering cells in a pharmacologically controlled manner.
Expression in non-melanogenic systems and purification of soluble variants of human tyrosinase
Authors: Cordes Petra , Sun Wei , Wolber Rainer , Kolbe Ludger , Klebe Gerhard , Röhm Klaus-Heinrich 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Mammalian tyrosinases are key enzymes of melanin formation. Their native forms undergo complex maturation and sorting processes before being integrated into the melanosomal membrane, which greatly complicates their heterologous expression in other cell types. In the present work, we constructed several differently truncated, soluble variants of human tyrosinase and studied their properties after expression in HEK 293 cells. In addition, we prepared two affinity-tagged forms of the enzyme for expression in the yeast Kluyveromyces lactis and HEK cells, respectively. A Strep-tagged variant was secreted by K. lactis in excellent yields but found to be inactive, whereas a His-tagged variant secreted by HEK 293 cells in an active state could be purified from cell supernatants to near homogeneity. The resulting preparation consisted of an inactive, probably unglycosylated species of about 57 kDa and several glycosylated forms with masses between 63 and 75 kDa, as confirmed by activity staining, Western blotting and mass spectrometry.