bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Screening of Tuberculosis Infection through Acid-Fast Bacilli Tests among Waste Workers in Gresik, Indonesia
Authors: Budi Utomo  , Widati Fatmaningrum  , Sulistiawati  , Shifa Fauziyah  , Chan Chow Khuen  , Nur Fadhilah  , Teguh Hari Sucipto  
Published: July 2024

Highlights:
1. This study was the first in Gresik, Indonesia, to conduct mass screening of tuberculosis among waste workers, comprising various demographic profiles.2. Although the tuberculosis screening of the waste workers showed negative results, mass examination using an acid-fast bacilli smear remains crucial to detect latent infections and prevent transmissions.

Abstract
Tuberculosis is a major source of illness and mortality worldwide. Therefore, tuberculosis screening is important to increase the number of active case-finding in a community. Bacteriological examinations can be used to initiate community-based active case-finding. Waste workers face a high risk of contracting Mycobacterium tuberculosis due to their constant exposure to waste. This study aimed to conduct bacteriological examinations to identify tuberculosis infections among waste workers in Gresik, Indonesia, who were considered a high-risk group. An analytical observational study was carried out throughout September 2023 in the Ngipik subdistrict, Gresik, East Java, Indonesia. The primary study was conducted using a cross-sectional design using interviews, measurements, and sputum examinations for all samples. The screening involved a total of 72 waste workers who had daily contact with various types of sewage and waste, including medical waste. The data were analyzed descriptively because of the constant variable. Following the analysis, the data were presented using a table and a figure. According to the acid-fast bacilli examinations, all of the samples yielded negative results. Nevertheless, this study concludes that it is imperative to carry out mass tuberculosis screening in various settings, specifically among those with a high risk. Mass screening can uncover the potential of latent tuberculosis and, thus, reduce its transmission.
Revolutionizing Efficiency: Gan-augmented Training for Lightweight Image Recognition
Authors: Korla Jayanthi , Yenni Priyanka , Sunkara Venkata Sai Prasad 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

In the world of computer science, image recognition is a vital area that uses complex algorithms to make machines able to understand and classify visual data. The technology has applications in many fields including artificial intelligence, computer vision and others as it offers solutions for automated systems, security and object detection. This paper uses LaPlace GAN for image clarity enhancement and SSD (Single Shot MultiBox Detector) for effective object detection using one shot learning. By employing the strengths of LaPlace GAN, the model concentrates on improvement of intricate details and minimization of noise that leads to significant increase in overall clarity of an image. In addition, integration of SSD allows real time object detection hence the system can identify multiple objects simultaneously within a single step. Through training images from both PASCAL VOC2007 and PASCAL VOC2012 datasets, this research shows improved model performance. For training, proposed framework combines union of PASCAL VOC2007 train and VOC2012 trainval images; validation set is composed of PASCAL VOC2007val images while testing will be done with Pascal’s 2007 test images. The assessment gauge contains the Average Precision (AP) and mean Average Precision (mAP) calculated for all 20 classes that have been annotated in line with the PASCAL VOC object detection evaluation protocol.
Soil eutrophication induces distinct responses in Brazilian savanna’s tree species and affects ecological interactions
Authors: Tinoco Carla Faleiro , Castro Sílvia , Daud Rodrigo Damasco , Falchi Vanessa Leonel , Reis Júlia Almeida , Constantino Stefany Ribeiro , Neto Carlos de Melo e Silva , Carvalheiro Luísa Gigante 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Human-induced changes in global biogeochemical cycles, particularly in nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) flows, significantly impact plant growth and nutritional composition, thereby affecting ecosystem dynamics. However, research on effects of increased nutrient availability often focuses on primary producers community level effects, overlooking interspecific variability and neglecting impacts on higher trophic levels. Using a controlled fertilization experiment with six tree species native to Cerrado (Brazilian savannas) we showed that there is significant interspecific variation in how plant biomass responded to nutrient changes, indicating competitive advantages for certain native species under a scenario of soil eutrophication. We also show that such effects propagated to higher trophic levels (herbivores and their predators), also varying between plant host species. The strength and direction of N input effect of depended on P levels and the type of herbivores. Large invertebrate leaf-herbivores were less affected that phytophagous mites. Impacts on higher trophic levels (predatory mites) were less pronounced than on phytophagous mites. In summary, ongoing soil eutrophication has the potential to alter interspecific competition dynamics in plant communities with consequences for ecological interaction partners. These findings have important implications for conservation and ecosystem management, especially in areas highly exposed to soil eutrophication due to farming and industral activities.
Application of GALDIT Approach for Sea water intrusion vulnerability assessment: A case study of Bhubaneswar and Puri city, Odisha
Authors: Sarangi Manorama , Kar Anil Kumar , Lohani Anil Kumar 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Sea water intrusion is a growing concern for coastal and nearby areas. The application of ground water and its over exploitation is the main cause of sea water intrusion. Ground water is being pumped from the aquifers and those aquifers are hydraulically connected with sea. The pumping induces a hydraulic gradient which cause the moving of sea water towards ground water in that excessive pumping area and it aggravates due to reduction of fresh water inflows. As the use of pure ground water is highly essential for developmental uses, it is necessary to determine the sea water intrusion particularly for coastal areas and its nearby cities. The spatial distribution of sea water intrusion of Bhubaneswar city and the coastal city Puri, Odisha is identified here in this research. The vulnerability of sea water intrusion has been studied at Bhubaneswar city, the capital of Odisha, India including the coastal city Puri, using GIS based GALDIT method. The six important factors are Ground water occurrence (G); Aquifer Hydraulic Conductivity (A); Depth of ground water Level above mean sea level (L); Distance from Shore (D); Impact of existing sea water intrusion (I); Aquifer Thickness (T) are taken into consideration. The data are ranked and different weights and ratings are allocated as per their contribution to salination and the thematic maps are overlayed using GIS in order to make the vulnerability analysis. The study shows that, the Bhubaneswar city has very less vulnerability to sea water intrusion up to the time period of analysis. But Puri district has high vulnerable to sea water intrusion. Here also the sensitivity analysis is performed to have a proper knowledge about the most and least sensitive parameter for the sea water intrusion using map removal sensitivity analysis.
Comparison of the Amyloid Plaque Proteome in Down Syndrome, Early-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease and Late-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Martá-Ariza Mitchell , Leitner Dominique F , Kanshin Evgeny , Suazo Jianina , Pedrosa Ana Giusti , Thierry Manon , Lee Edward B. , Devinsky Orrin , Drummond Eleanor , Fortea Juan , Lleó Alberto , Ueberheide Beatrix , Wisniewski Thomas 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background Down syndrome (DS) is strongly associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), attributable to APP overexpression. DS exhibits Amyloid-β (Aβ) and Tau pathology similar to early-onset AD (EOAD) and late-onset AD (LOAD). The study aimed to evaluate the Aβ plaque proteome of DS, EOAD and LOAD.Methods Using unbiased localized proteomics, we analyzed amyloid plaques and adjacent plaque-devoid tissue (‘non-plaque’) from post-mortem paraffin-embedded tissues in four cohorts (n = 20/group): DS (59.8 ± 4.99 y/o), EOAD (63 ± 4.07 y/o), LOAD (82.1 ± 6.37 y/o) and controls (66.4 ± 13.04). We assessed functional associations using Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment and protein interaction networks.Results We identified differentially abundant Aβ plaque proteins vs. non-plaques (FDR < 5%, fold-change > 1.5) in DS (n = 132), EOAD (n = 192) and in LOAD (n = 128); there were 43 plaque-associated proteins shared between all groups. Positive correlations (p < 0.0001) were observed between plaque-associated proteins in DS and EOAD (R2 = 0.77), DS and LOAD (R2 = 0.73), and EOAD vs. LOAD (R2 = 0.67). Top Biological process (BP) GO terms (p < 0.0001) included lysosomal transport for DS, immune system regulation for EOAD, and lysosome organization for LOAD. Protein networks revealed a plaque enriched signature across all cohorts involving APP metabolism, immune response, and lysosomal functions. In DS, EOAD and LOAD non-plaque vs. control tissue, we identified 263, 269, and 301 differentially abundant proteins, including 65 altered non-plaque proteins across all cohorts. Differentially abundant non-plaque proteins in DS showed a significant (p < 0.0001) but weaker positive correlation with EOAD (R2 = 0.59) and LOAD (R2 = 0.33) compared to the stronger correlation between EOAD and LOAD (R2 = 0.79). The top BP GO term for all groups was chromatin remodeling (DS p = 0.0013, EOAD p = 5.79x10− 9, and LOAD p = 1.69x10− 10). Additional GO terms for DS included extracellular matrix (p = 0.0068), while EOAD and LOAD were associated with protein-DNA complexes and gene expression regulation (p < 0.0001).Conclusions We found strong similarities among the Aβ plaque proteomes in individuals with DS, EOAD and LOAD, and a robust association between the plaque proteomes and lysosomal and immune-related pathways. Further, non-plaque proteomes highlighted altered pathways related to chromatin structure and extracellular matrix (ECM), the latter particularly associated with DS. We identified novel Aβ plaque proteins, which may serve as biomarkers or therapeutic targets.
Clinical Significance of Dynamic Monitoring of EVI1 Gene Expression in Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Zhang Lan-Nan , Li Jian-Xin , Wang Zhuo , Yang Li , Chen Zhi , Tao Fang , Wu Sha , Lu Wen-Jie , Sun Ming , Qi Shan-Shan , Zheng Zhong-Zheng , Xiong Hao 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective
To investigate the clinical significance of dynamic monitoring ecotropic virus integration site-1 (EVI1) expression in childhood acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
Methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted on 113 pediatric AML patients of Wuhan Children's Hospital from 2014 to 2022. The correlation between EVI1 expression levels and clinical indicators including clinical characteristics, first complete remission (CR1), relapse, and overall survival (OS) was analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was carried out to comprehend the influence of EVI1 expression on relapse.
Results
A total of 78 AML children with EVI1 expression at initial diagnosis were eligible, divided into EVI1-positive (EVI1high) and EVI1-negative (EVI1low) groups. FAB classification (P = 0.047) and abnormal karyotype (P = 0.009) showed significant differences between the two groups. The proportion of EVI1 high in individuals with complex and/or monomeric karyotypes was significantly higher than in other cases (P = 0.032). When completing the first induction therapy, the EVI1high group showed a significantly lower CR1 rate than the EVI1low group (P = 0.015). Among 51 cases with EVI1 expression dynamically monitored, those with EVI1 overexpression more than twice had significantly shorter OS (P < 0.05). Among 19 non-HSCT patients undergoing three EVI1 assessments during induction therapy, those with EVI1 overexpression over once had higher relapse rates (P = 0.045). In addition, EVI1 expression level ≥ 83.38% significantly predicted relapse (AUC = 0.833).
Conclusion
Aberrantly high expression of EVI1 in pediatric AML was associated with poor prognosis. Continuous and dynamic monitoring of EVI1 expression promotes prognostic evaluation. We add some insights into the impact of EVI1 on the AML patients’ OS and survival.
Enhancing Ras Cheese Safety: Antifungal Effects of Nisin and its Nanoparticles Against Aspergillus flavus
Authors: Elhamed Esraa Yousef Abd , El-Bassiony Tawfik Abd El-Rahman , Elsherif Wallaa Mahmoud , Shaker Eman Mokhtar 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background Due to adverse effects of industrial chemicals and their carcinogenicity and toxicity for humans, the debates have increased on using natural preservatives. This study was conducted to investigate the inhibitory effect of pure nisin and nisin nanoparticles (nisin NPs) against Aspergillus flavus which was inoculated in laboratory manufactured Ras cheese. A novel, safe, and natural approach of nanoprecipitation utilizing acetic acid was used to create nisin nanoparticles. The prepared NPs were characterized using zeta-sizer, FTIR and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Furthermore, an evaluation of nisin NPs' cytotoxicity on Vero cells was conducted. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of nisin and its nanoparticles were detected in-vitro against A. flavus isolates using agar well-diffusion method.
Results The obtained results showed a strong antifungal activity of nisin NPs (3.125%) against A. flavus strain in comparison with pure nisin. Notably, the count decreased gradually by time from 2×108 at zero time and could not be detected at 7th week. While the count with pure nisin decreased from 2×108 at zero time and could not be detected at 10th week where it’s enough time to produce aflatoxins in cheese. Additionally, the sensory parameters of the manufactured Ras cheese inoculated with nisin and nisin NPs were of high overall acceptability (OAA).
Conclusions Overall, the results of this study suggested that adding more concentration from nisin nanoparticles during the production of Ras cheese may be a helpful strategy for food preservation against A. flavus in the dairy industry.
Venous Thromboembolic Events Following Revisional Gastric Bypass: An Analysis of the MBSAQIP Database From 2015 to 2019 Using Propensity Matching
Authors: Economopoulos Konstantinos P. , Szoka Nova , Eckhouse Shaina R. , Chumakova-Orin Maryna , Kuchibhatla Maragatha , Merchant James , Seymour Keri A. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Primary bariatric surgery is associated with moderate to high risk of venous thromboembolic events (VTE), however the risk for revisional surgery lacks granularity. Our primary objective was to define the risk of VTE following revisional Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) compared to primary RYGB.
Methods
Adults who underwent primary or revision/conversion RYGB between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2019 with a BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2 were identified in a bariatric specific database. VTE was defined as pulmonary embolus and/or deep venous thrombosis. 30-day VTE and transfusion rates were compared between the two groups using propensity score matching of 3:1.
Results
Primary RYGB was performed in 197,186 (92.4%) patients compared to 16,144 (7.6%) in the revisional group. Patients in the revisional group had fewer comorbidities than those undergoing primary RYGB. In the matched cohort of 64,258 procedures, there were 48,116 (74.9%) primary RYGB cases compared to 16,142 (25.1%) RYGB revisions. The rate of VTE was similar in the revisional surgery group compared to the propensity matched primary RYGB group (0.4% vs. 0.3%, p > 0.580), however transfusion was more common in the revisional group (1.4% vs. 1.0%, p = 0.005). Revisional group had higher rates of readmission, reoperation, increased length of stay and operation length ≥ 180 minutes compared to matched primary RYGB group (p < 0 .001).
Conclusions
VTE rates for both primary and revisional RYGB are similar. Revisional RYGB cases impose increased risk of bleeding amongst other outcomes. Thus, identifying those at higher risk of complications is critical.
The Impact of Remimazolam on Hypoxemia in Elderly Patients Undergoing Flexible Bronchoscopy: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Ma Dongmei , Li Li , Han Fuyi , Chen Ping , He Jiannan , Xu Jianhong 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
The elderly are at a higher risk of hypoxemia during flexible bronchoscopy due to the complexity of the procedure and the need for adequate anesthesia and sedation. This prospective cohort study aimed to estimate whether remimazolam can reduce the incidence of hypoxemia during flexible bronchoscopy in elderly patients.
Methods
The elderly patients who underwent fiberoptic bronchoscopy were enrolled in this prospective cohort study. We evaluated the incidence of hypoxemia during bronchoscopy with remimazolam exposed vs propofol. Exposed group patients received remimazolam 0.15mg/kg i.v followed 1mg/kg/hr. infusion, and non-exposed group patients received propofol 1mg/kg i.v followed 4-6mg/kg/hr. infusion. The incidence rates of hypoxemia, severe hypoxemia, fully alert time, and adverse effects in both groups were compared.
Results
In the exposed group, a hypoxemia prevalence of 29.42% was observed compared to 60.00% in the non-exposed group (OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.18–3.74, P = 0.017) prior to controlling for potential confounding variables. Similarly, the overall incidence of severe hypoxemia was 24.64%, with a lower incidence in the exposed group compared to the non-exposed group (11.76% vs. 37.14%, OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.18–3.74, P = 0.017) before adjusting for confounding factors. In either group, hypotension, bradycardia, or hypopnea were not significantly different. The incidence of hypotension was 17.65%, with a lower occurrence in the exposed group compared to the non-exposed group (17.65% vs. 37.14%, P = 0.0699), suggesting a trend towards clinical significance despite the small sample size. Remimazolam exposure exhibited a lower risk of hypoxemia in comparison to propofol (OR 0.16, 95% CI 0.04–0.64, P = 0.010). Additionally, smoking was found to be associated with a reduced risk of hypoxemia when compared to non-smoking (OR 0.008, 95% CI 0.01–0.51, P = 0.008).
Conclusion
This observational cohort study suggests that elderly patients undergoing FB may benefit from remimazolam sedative anesthesia, which reduces hypoxemia. Remimazolam is a safer solution than propofol for elderly patients undergoing FB.
Trial registration
Clinicaltrails.gov Retrospectively registered (ChiCTR2300071137 Registration date05/05, 2023)
Thermal performance of profile rotating heat pipe grinding wheel using nanofluids
Authors: Chen Jiajia , Ji Weihuang , Tong Zijie , Liu Songyan , Qian Ning , Fu Yucan , Chen Yan , Dai Chenwei 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Form grinding is a high efficiency machining technology for products as fir-tree blade slots. The excessive heat generated in the grinding contact zone is the key issue for form grinding. In this paper, profile rotating heat pipe grinding wheel (PRHP-GW) was proposed to help dissipate the grinding heat, nanofluids were applied to enhance its thermal performance. The heat transfer performance of PRHP was experimentally studied. Diamond and Al2O3 nanofluids with different mass concentration and nanoparticle size were applied and compared with deionized water. The experiments were performed under the conditions of different heat input, rotational speed and different filling ratio. At a same filling ratio, there was a significant reduction in thermal resistance with nanofluids as compared with deionized water. Diamond nanofluid with nanoparticle size of 20 nm and a mass concentration of 1.0 wt.% showed the best heat transfer performance for the PRHP. During grinding of Ti-6Al-4V, PRHP-GW shows better heat transfer performance than the normal grinding wheel. The comprehensive heat transfer performance of diamond nanofluids is the best, followed by Al2O3 nanofluid, and then deionized water. The results of this paper will provide new ideas for heat transfer enhancement of profile grinding and possibly realize environmentally friendly grinding.
Magnitude of Cardiovascular Diseases and Associated Factors of among Human Immune Deficiency Positive Patients on Ant- Retroviral Therapy in Ethiopia: Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Barata Tagese Yakob , Fentaye Saba , Yakob Begidu , Abraham Awoke , Menza Mesfin , Elaise Chernet , Tona Eskider Isreal 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been identified as the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV). Therefore, it is important to determine the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) from multiple centers.
Objective
This study aimed to determine the burden and associated factors of cardiovascular disease among HIV-positive patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in hospitals in Ethiopia.
Method
This was an institutionally based cross-sectional study of 409 adult HIV-infected patients who were receiving ART for at least six months from February 1–30, 2023. A systematic random sampling technique was employed to select the study participants, and the data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire. The data were cleaned, coded, and entered into Epi-data version 4.6.0.2 and exported to STATA version 14 for analysis. For descriptive statistics, both bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were employed. Variables with a P value < 0.05 in the multivariable logistic regression analysis were considered determinant factors for cardiovascular disease among HIV-infected patients.
Results
A total of 399 HIV-infected patients on ART participated in the study, for a response rate of 97.5%. The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases among adult HIV-positive patients was 70 (17.5%) (95% CI, 14.10-21.61). An undergraduate education level of patients living with HIV/ADIS (AOR = 0.21, 95% CI: (0.48–0.97)), a family history of cardiovascular disease (AOR = 2.02, 95% CI: (1.12–3.66), duration of ART treatment (AOR = 4.38, 95% CI: (1.36–14.10), and living with HIV/ADIS with triglycerides (mg/dl) > 150 (AOR = 2.84, 95% CI: (1.06–7.64) independently predicted cardiovascular disease among HIV/ADIS patients.
Conclusion
The magnitude of CVD incidence was high in this study. Educational status, family history of cardiovascular disease, duration of ART, and triglyceride concentration > 150 mg/dl were significantly associated with cardiovascular disease among HIV-positive individuals. To increase early detection and early care, HIV care services need to integrate NCDs in both service areas, which has been recommended as a solution to decrease the burden of CVD.