bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Die digitale Transformation von Arbeit – vermessen und verstehen. Ein interdisziplinärer und methodischer Dialog zwischen Wirtschaftswissenschaft und Arbeitssoziologie
Authors: Bachmann Ronald , Pfeiffer Sabine 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungIm Beitrag werden quantitative wirtschaftswissenschaftliche mit überwiegend qualitativen, arbeitssoziologischen Studien kontrastiert, die sich mit verschiedenen Aspekten der Auswirkungen der digitalen Transformation auf Arbeit befassen. Gegenübergestellt werden zunächst die je einzeldisziplinären Ansätze und zentrale Ergebnisse zu Robotik und zum Routinegehalt von Tätigkeiten. Dadurch treten die jeweils unterschiedlichen Sichtweisen, Methodiken und Resultate hervor und geben bereits einen ersten Einblick in die Erkenntnispotenziale und -grenzen der jeweiligen Ansätze. Abschließend wird diskutiert, wo methodisch und erkenntnistheoretisch Synergien zu heben sein werden und welche konkreten Ansatzpunkte sich für eine systematisch-interdisziplinäre und konsequente Mixed-Methods-Forschung ergeben. Ergänzt werden diese um konkrete Vorschläge zur Erfassung der digitalen Transformation der Arbeitswelten.
Computer in der Fabrik. Die digitale Transformation in der Produktionstechnik, 1950 bis 1990
Authors: Thorade Nora , Erdogan Julia Gül 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag untersucht die Entwicklung der Mikroelektronik und ihre Auswirkungen auf die industrielle Arbeitswelt der Fabrik. Er zeigt, dass die Digitalisierung graduell erfolgte, zu Teildigitalisierungen und -automatisierungen führte und historische Wurzeln in der Standardisierung von Arbeitsprozessen hatte. Dabei verfolgt der Beitrag die Entwicklung von der Einführung der NC-Steuerung in den 1950er Jahren bis zum Einzug der Mikroelektronik in den 1970er Jahren. Deutlich zeigt sich, die Ambivalenz von Alt und Neu in der Techniknutzung. Denn auch die Digitalisierung der Arbeitswelt war von Aushandlungsprozessen zwischen alter und neuer Technik sowie menschlicher Einflussnahme geprägt und knüpfte an bestehende Leitbilder an. Der technische Wandel vollzog sich also nicht isoliert, sondern wurde von langen Linien des Suchens, Ausprobierens und der Beständigkeit etablierter Arbeitsprozesse gerahmt.
Analysing the Digital Traces of Collaborative Work in Large-Scale Enterprise Collaboration Systems
Authors: Williams Susan P. , Schubert Petra 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this chapter, we present an overview of our work to investigate transformations to work processes and work practices arising from the appropriation and use of collaboration technologies to support distributed work in organisations. We begin with an overview of the emerging collaboration technology landscape and present the findings of an empirical study to examine the portfolios of collaboration software being used to implement enterprise collaboration platforms (ECP) in organisations. We explain how the ECP enables organisational workgroups to form digital workspaces to support different types of collaborative work. We identify several research challenges relating to the investigation of such heterogeneous technological infrastructures and address them through the development of novel methods and tools to i) enable the capture and harmonisation of trace data from ECP, and ii) use the trace data to analyse transformations to collaborative work and work practices.
Mutations in starch BRANCHING ENZYME 2a suppress the traits caused by the loss of ISOAMYLASE1 in barley
Authors: Matsushima Ryo , Hisano Hiroshi , Kim June-Sik , McNelly Rose , Oitome Naoko F. , Seung David , Fujita Naoko , Sato Kazuhiro 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Key message
The hvbe2a mutations restore the starch-deficient phenotype caused by the hvisa1 and hvflo6 mutations in barley endosperm.

Abstract
The genetic interactions among starch biosynthesis genes can be exploited to alter starch properties, but they remain poorly understood due to the various combinations of mutations to be tested. Here, we isolated two novel barley mutants defective in starch BRANCHING ENZYME 2a (hvbe2a-1 and hvbe2a-2) based on the starch granule (SG) morphology. Both hvbe2a mutants showed elongated SGs in the endosperm and increased resistant starch content. hvbe2a-1 had a base change in HvBE2a gene, substituting the amino acid essential for its enzyme activity, while hvbe2a-2 is completely missing HvBE2a due to a chromosomal deletion. Further genetic crosses with barley isoamylase1 mutants (hvisa1) revealed that both hvbe2a mutations could suppress defects in endosperm caused by hvisa1, such as reduction in starch, increase in phytoglycogen, and changes in the glucan chain length distribution. Remarkably, hvbe2a mutations also transformed the endosperm SG morphology from the compound SG caused by hvisa1 to bimodal simple SGs, resembling that of wild-type barley. The suppressive impact was in competition with floury endosperm 6 mutation (hvflo6), which could enhance the phenotype of hvisa1 in the endosperm. In contrast, the compound SG formation induced by the hvflo6 hvisa1 mutation in pollen was not suppressed by hvbe2a mutations. Our findings provide new insights into genetic interactions in the starch biosynthetic pathway, demonstrating how specific genetic alterations can influence starch properties and SG morphology, with potential applications in cereal breeding for desired starch properties.
Metformin and small for gestational age babies: findings of a randomised placebo-controlled clinical trial of metformin in gestational diabetes (EMERGE)
Authors: Dunne Fidelma , Newman Christine , Alvarez-Iglesias Alberto , O’Shea Paula , Devane Declan , Gillespie Paddy , Egan Aoife , O’Donnell Martin , Smyth Andrew 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with adverse perinatal outcomes because of suboptimal glucose management and glucose control and excessive weight gain. Metformin can offset these factors but is associated with small for gestational age (SGA) infants. We sought to identify risk factors for SGA infants, including the effect of metformin exposure on SGA status.

Methods
In this prespecified secondary analysis of the EMERGE trial, which evaluated the effectiveness of metformin vs placebo in treating GDM and found reduced gestational weight gain and longer time to insulin initiation with metformin use, we included women with a live-born infant and known infant birthweight and gestational age at delivery. We compared the numbers of SGA infants in both groups and explored baseline predictive factors to help identify those at highest risk of delivering an SGA infant.

Results
Baseline maternal characteristics were similar between SGA and non-SGA pregnancies. On multivariable-adjusted regression, no baseline maternal variables were associated with SGA status. Mothers of SGA infants were more likely to develop pre-eclampsia or gestational hypertension (18.2% vs 2.0%, p=0.001; 22.7% vs 5.4%, p=0.005, respectively); after multivariable adjustment, pre-eclampsia was positively associated with SGA status). Among SGA pregnancies, important perinatal outcomes including preterm birth, Caesarean delivery and neonatal care unit admission did not differ between the metformin and placebo groups (20.0% vs 14.3%, p=1.00; 50.0% vs 28.6%, p=0.25; 13.3% vs 42.9%, p=0.27, respectively).

Conclusions/interpretation
Pre-eclampsia was strongly associated with SGA infants. Metformin-exposed SGA infants did not display a more severe SGA phenotype than infants treated with placebo.

Trial registration
Clinical Trials.gov NCT02980276; EudraCT number: 2016-001644-19

Graphical Abstract
Cold case: COVID-19-triggered type 1 cryoglobulinemia
Authors: van Gils L.A.J. , Corsten M.F. , Koelman C.A. , Bosma R.J. , Fijnheer R. , Mulder A.H.L. , Regelink J.C. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA 42-year-old male was referred to the internal medicine department because of renal failure and persistent malaise after a recent SARS-CoV-2 infection. Blood results showed anemia and severe renal insufficiency (hemoglobin of 10.3 g/dL and a creatinine of 2.19 mg/dL). Additional tests revealed a type I cryoglobulinemia with a cryoprecipitate composed of dual IgM (kappa and lambda). Further investigations on the cryoprecipitate revealed that the immunoglobulins were directed against SARS-CoV-2 antigens. In the meanwhile, our patient noticed improvement of his symptoms accompanied by resolution of laboratory abnormalities. Three months later, the cryoglobulin could no longer be detected.Type 1 cryoglobulinemia is usually associated with lymphoproliferative disorders and is characterized by various symptoms caused by cryoprecipitates occluding small blood vessels. This is, to our knowledge, the first case of type I cryoglobulinemia with proven precipitation of SARS-CoV-19 antibodies. COVID-19 induced cryoglobulinemia appears to have a mild disease course and to be self-limiting upon viral clearance.
Simultaneous measurement of the distributed longitudinal strain and velocity field for a cantilevered cylinder exposed to turbulent cross flow
Authors: G. de Oliveira Francisco J. , Khodaei Zahra Sharif , Buxton Oliver R. H. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe structural response of a cantilevered cylinder under free-stream conditions both with low and high turbulence intensity generated by turbulence-generating grids is analysed with concurrent measurements of the velocity field and the distributed strain. The thin-walled cylinder, with a diameter (D) of 50 mm, is mounted in a water flume as a cantilevered beam supported at one end, with 95% of its body submerged and exposed to cross flow yielding a Reynolds number of Re = 25000. We employ a novel combination of simultaneous particle image velocimetry and distributed strain measurements using Rayleigh backscattering fibre optic sensors. These sensors are embedded onto the surface of the cylinder to measure the experienced strain ($$\varepsilon $$
ε
) of the structure along its spanwise direction, covering both the windward and leeward faces of the cylinder. The sensors fine spatial resolution allows us to discern the influence of the flow on the structural response of the cylinder in two distinct regions of the structure: upstream and downstream of the mean separation location. This differentiation allows us to isolate the local effects introduced by the free-stream conditions on the loading events over the body from the global force generated by the vortex shedding and other coherent motions present within the flow. Distinguishing between these direct and indirect effects helps determine which is more relevant for fatigue-life cycle analysis. The cross power spectral density between the fluctuating velocity field and the strain reveals that the load is dominated by the vortex shedding, and this relationship is intensified with the introduction of free-stream turbulence. It also helps to discern the different dynamics imposed by the two free-stream turbulence conditions.
Pressure drop measurements over anisotropic porous substrates in channel flow
Authors: Vijay Shilpa , Luhar Mitul 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Previous theoretical and simulation results indicate that anisotropic porous materials have the potential to reduce turbulent skin friction in wall-bounded flows. This study experimentally investigates the influence of anisotropy on the drag response of porous substrates. A family of anisotropic periodic lattices was manufactured using 3D printing. Rod spacing in different directions was varied systematically to achieve different ratios of streamwise, wall-normal, and spanwise bulk permeabilities ($$\kappa _{xx}$$

κ

xx

, $$\kappa _{yy}$$

κ

yy

, and $$\kappa _{zz}$$

κ

zz

). The 3D printed materials were flush-mounted in a benchtop water channel. Pressure drop measurements were taken in the fully developed region of the flow to systematically characterize drag for materials with anisotropy ratios $$\frac{\kappa _{xx}}{\kappa _{yy}} \in [0.035,28.6]$$

κ

xx

κ

yy

∈

[
0.035
,
28.6
]

. Results show that all materials lead to an increase in drag compared to the reference smooth wall case over the range of bulk Reynolds numbers tested ($$\hbox {Re}_b \in [500,4000]$$

Re
b

∈

[
500
,
4000
]

). However, the relative increase in drag is lower for streamwise-preferential materials. We estimate that the wall-normal permeability for all tested cases exceeded the threshold identified in previous literature ($$\sqrt{\kappa _{yy}}^+> 0.4$$

κ

yy

+

>
0.4

) for the emergence of energetic spanwise rollers similar to Kelvin–Helmholtz vortices, which can increase drag. The results also indicate that porous walls exhibit a departure from laminar behavior at different values for bulk Reynolds numbers depending on the geometry.

Graphical abstract
Disability independent of cerebral white matter demyelination in progressive multiple sclerosis
Authors: Singh Vikas , Zheng Yufan , Ontaneda Daniel , Mahajan Kedar R , Holloman Jameson , Fox Robert J , Nakamura Kunio , Trapp Bruce D 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe pathogenic mechanisms contributing to neurological disability in progressive multiple sclerosis (PMS) are poorly understood. Cortical neuronal loss independent of cerebral white matter (WM) demyelination in myelocortical MS (MCMS) and identification of MS patients with widespread cortical atrophy and disability progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA) support pathogenic mechanisms other than cerebral WM demyelination. The three-dimensional distribution and underlying pathology of myelinated T2 lesions were investigated in postmortem MCMS brains. Postmortem brain slices from previously characterized MCMS (10 cases) and typical MS (TMS) cases (12 cases) were co-registered with in situ postmortem T2 hyperintensities and T1 hypointensities. T1 intensity thresholds were used to establish a classifier that differentiates MCMS from TMS. The classifier was validated in 36 uncharacterized postmortem brains and applied to baseline MRIs from 255 living PMS participants enrolled in SPRINT-MS. Myelinated T2 hyperintensities in postmortem MCMS brains have a contiguous periventricular distribution that expands at the occipital poles of the lateral ventricles where a surface-in gradient of myelinated axonal degeneration was observed. The MRI classifier distinguished pathologically confirmed postmortem MCMS and TMS cases with an accuracy of 94%. For SPRINT-MS patients, the MRI classifier identified 78% as TMS, 10% as MCMS, and 12% with a paucity of cerebral T1 and T2 intensities. In SPRINT-MS, expanded disability status scale and brain atrophy measures were similar in MCMS and TMS cohorts. A paucity of cerebral WM demyelination in 22% of living PMS patients raises questions regarding a primary role for cerebral WM demyelination in disability progression in all MS patients and has implications for clinical management of MS patients and clinical trial outcomes in PMS. Periventricular myelinated fiber degeneration provides additional support for surface-in gradients of neurodegeneration in MS.
Hippocampal, thalamic, and amygdala subfield morphology in major depressive disorder: an ultra-high resolution MRI study at 7-Tesla
Authors: Liu Weijian , Heij Jurjen , Liu Shu , Liebrand Luka , Caan Matthan , van der Zwaag Wietske , Veltman Dick J. , Lu Lin , Aghajani Moji , van Wingen Guido 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMorphological changes in the hippocampal, thalamic, and amygdala subfields have been suggested to form part of the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the use of conventional MRI scanners and acquisition techniques has prevented in-depth examinations at the subfield level, precluding a fine-grained understanding of these subfields and their involvement in MDD pathophysiology. We uniquely employed ultra-high field MRI at 7.0 Tesla to map hippocampal, thalamic, and amygdala subfields in MDD. Fifty-six MDD patients and 14 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled in the final analysis. FreeSurfer protocols were used to segment hippocampal, thalamic, and amygdala subfields. Bayesian analysis was then implemented to assess differences between groups and relations with clinical features. While no effect was found for MDD diagnosis (i.e., case–control comparison), clinical characteristics of MDD patients were associated with subfield volumes of the hippocampus, thalamus, and amygdala. Specifically, the severity of depressive symptoms, insomnia, and childhood trauma in MDD patients related to lower thalamic subfield volumes. In addition, MDD patients with typical MDD versus those with atypical MDD showed lower hippocampal, thalamic, and amygdala subfield volumes. MDD patients with recurrent MDD versus those with first-episode MDD also showed lower thalamic subfield volumes. These findings allow uniquely fine-grained insights into hippocampal, thalamic, and amygdala subfield morphology in MDD, linking some of them to the clinical manifestation of MDD.
Characteristics and outcomes of atrial fibrillation detected before and after acute ischemic stroke
Authors: D’Anna Lucio , Romoli Michele , Harvey Kirsten , Korompoki Eleni , Veltkamp Roland 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Atrial fibrillation (AF) can be known before the stroke (KAF) or be newly detected after stroke (AFDAS). It is unknown whether the outcome of stroke differs between KAF and AFDAS. We performed a propensity-matched analysis to investigate the outcome of patients with AFDAS and their counterparts with KAF.

Methods
We analysed a consecutive series of patients enrolled into the EIDASAF study, a single centre, retrospective study of ischemic stroke patients with a diagnosis of AF before or after the event who had been admitted to the Hyperacute Stroke Unit of Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust between 2010 and 2017.

Results
Overall, our cohort included 959 patients with AF and acute ischemic stroke. After propensity score matching, 547 patients were matched (404 KAF group and 143 AFDAS group). The rates of in hospital death and of haemorrhagic transformation were significantly higher in KAF patients compared to AFDAS patients. Logistic regression analysis did not reveal a statistically significant influence of AF subtypes on the outcome of death. However, in logistic regression analysis KAF was associated with increased probability of haemorrhagic transformation (OR 9.64; CI 1.29–71.68, p = 0.022) after the index event.

Conclusion
KAF is associated with an increased risk of haemorrhagic transformation but not of death when compared to AFDAS.
Modeling cellular self-organization in strain-stiffening hydrogels
Authors: Erhardt A. H. , Peschka D. , Dazzi C. , Schmeller L. , Petersen A. , Checa S. , Münch A. , Wagner B. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We derive a three-dimensional hydrogel model as a two-phase system of a fibre network and liquid solvent, where the nonlinear elastic network accounts for the strain-stiffening properties typically encountered in biological gels. We use this model to formulate free boundary value problems for a hydrogel layer that allows for swelling or contraction. We derive two-dimensional plain-strain and plain-stress approximations for thick and thin layers respectively, that are subject to external loads and serve as a minimal model for scaffolds for cell attachment and growth. For the collective evolution of the cells as they mechanically interact with the hydrogel layer, we couple it to an agent-based model that also accounts for the traction force exerted by each cell on the hydrogel sheet and other cells during migration. We develop a numerical algorithm for the coupled system and present results on the influence of strain-stiffening, layer geometry, external load and solvent in/outflux on the shape of the layers and on the cell patterns. In particular, we discuss alignment of cells and chain formation under varying conditions.
Trilaciclib use in extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC): are clinical benefits seen in the real-world setting?
Authors: Elijah Joseph , Jain Prantesh , Holdsworth Allison , Baron Jeffrey , Przespolewski Eugene , Wang Katy , Attwood Kristopher , Billias Christina , Dy Grace K. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Trilaciclib, in comparison to placebo plus carboplatin, etoposide, ± atezolizumab (PEA), has shown significant reductions in incidence of severe neutropenia (SN) among patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC). Despite these findings, real-world utility remains limited.

Methods
A single-center quasi-experimental study compared trilaciclib + PEA (PEAT) versus PEA in ES-SCLC patients. The study period ranged from April 1, 2021 to July 31, 2022, for the PEAT recipients and February 1, 2020, to February 28, 2021, for PEA recipients. The primary endpoint evaluated was incidence of SN after cycle 1 and during the treatment period. Secondary endpoints included measures related to myelopreservation and patient outcomes.

Results
Among 34 PEAT and 44 PEA patients, baseline characteristics were similar, except for a higher median age (69 vs 64 years) and more males (64.7% vs 38.6%) in the PEAT cohort. The PEAT cohort exhibited a lower SN rate (3%) versus the PEA cohort (18%), with statistical significance demonstrated on multivariate analysis (p = 0.015). Additionally, the PEAT cohort also demonstrated significant reductions in red blood cell transfusion requirements (3% vs 23%; p = 0.02), grade 3–4 anemia (6% vs 25%; p = 0.03), and grade 3–4 thrombocytopenia (0% vs 11%, p = 0.045).

Conclusion
Trilaciclib, in combination with PEA, demonstrated an improvement in the safety profile without compromising survival outcomes in ES-SCLC patients. These findings underscore the potential benefits of incorporating trilaciclib in real-world clinical settings for enhanced patient care.
Statistical prediction for nonlinear failure function of linear loads: application to plate buckling in ship structure
Authors: Matsui Sadaoki 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study presents a practical method for calculating the probability of exceedance (PoE) of the nonlinear failure function of the linear loads randomly fluctuating in irregular waves. In general, obtaining the exact PoE of such nonlinear quantities requires sophisticated computational method that are not well-suited for practical design. In contrast, the author in a previous study proposed a practical formula of the PoE distribution for von Mises stresses by asymptotic approximation, which can be applied when the criterion surface is ellipsoid in the stochastic variable space. Following this, the present study shows a method for calculating the PoE for a more general function of which the isosurface is expressed as a combination of ellipsoids. As a specific example of its application, this paper takes the limit state of the plates in ship structures specified in the common structural rules (CSR) and presents the calculation procedure of direct numerical integration as well as asymptotic approximation approaches. Calculation of the 1/1000 maximum expected value of the evaluation function of plates in short-term sea states using 700 actual plates in a ship structure confirms that the proposed method, which does not require integration, is in good agreement with rigorous methods using numerical integration.