bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Salivary IL‐1β and red complex bacteria as predictors of the inflammatory status in sub‐peri‐implant niches of subjects with peri‐implant mucositis
Authors: Acharya Aneesha , Koh Mei Leng , Kheur Supriya , Watt Rory. M. , Jin Lijian , Mattheos Nikos 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesSalivary biomarkers may enhance diagnostic sensitivity for peri‐implant disease assessment. This study aimed to investigate the association of salivary periodontopathogen count and salivary interleukin‐1beta (IL‐1β) level with the peri‐implant crevicular fluid IL‐1β response at peri‐implant mucositis (PM) sites among subjects with differing periodontal disease susceptibility.Materials and methodsEighty‐seven partially edentulous subjects having at least one implant with peri‐implant mucositis were included: 40 with history of chronic periodontitis (P) and 47 with no history of periodontitis (NP). Salivary IL‐1β, peri‐implant crevicular fluid (PICF) IL‐1β, and salivary red complex pathogen counts were recorded. Subjects were scored according to a threshold salivary pathogen level of more than 5log (10) counts and assigned a “red complex score.” Quartiles of salivary and PICF IL‐1β levels were also scored. Area under receiver operating curve (AUC) was computed to predict the highest PICF IL‐1β score using salivary biomarker as predictors and age‐adjusted logistic regression performed for the significant predictors.ResultsIn the NP group, red complex score (AUC = 0.758 P = 0.010) (odds ratio = 1.377) and salivary IL‐1β (AUC = 0.708 P = 0.038) (odds ratio = 2.506) were significant predictors of highest PICF IL‐1β quartile score. In the P group, no significant associations were noted.ConclusionsSalivary biomarkers could distinguish the “high” pro‐inflammatory responders at PM sites only in subjects without inherent periodontal disease susceptibility. Periodontal susceptibility may impact the immuno‐inflammatory response in sub‐peri‐implant niches of those with peri‐implant mucositis.
Anxiety in youth at clinical high risk for psychosis
Authors: McAusland Laina , Buchy Lisa , Cadenhead Kristin S. , Cannon Tyrone D. , Cornblatt Barbara A. , Heinssen Robert , McGlashan Thomas H. , Perkins Diana O. , Seidman Larry J. , Tsuang Ming T. , Walker Elaine F. , Woods Scott W. , Bearden Carrie E. , Mathalon Daniel H. , Addington Jean 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAimHigh rates of anxiety have been observed in youth at clinical high risk (CHR) of developing psychosis. In CHR, anxiety often co‐occurs with depression, and there is inconsistent evidence on anxiety in relation to transition to psychosis. The aim of this study was to examine: (i) the prevalence of anxiety disorders in individuals at CHR; (ii) clinical differences between those with and without anxiety; and (iii) the association of baseline anxiety with later transition to psychosis.MethodsThe sample consisted of 765 CHR individuals and 280 healthy controls. CHR status was determined with the Structured Interview of Prodromal Syndromes, mood and anxiety diagnoses with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐IV Disorders, and severity of anxiety with the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale and Self‐Rating Anxiety Scale.ResultsIn the CHR sample, 51% met criteria for an anxiety disorder. CHR participants had significantly more anxiety diagnoses and severity than healthy controls. Anxiety was correlated to attenuated psychotic and negative symptoms in CHR and those with an anxiety disorder demonstrated more suspiciousness. CHR participants with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) exhibited more severe symptomatology than those without OCD. An initial presentation of anxiety did not differ between those who did or did not transition to psychosis.ConclusionsIn this large sample of individuals at CHR, anxiety is common and associated with more severe attenuated psychotic symptoms. Treatment not only to prevent or delay transition to psychosis but also to address presenting concerns, such as anxiety, is warranted.
Fish spawning aggregations: where well‐placed management actions can yield big benefits for fisheries and conservation
Authors: Erisman Brad , Heyman William , Kobara Shinichi , Ezer Tal , Pittman Simon , Aburto‐Oropeza Octavio , Nemeth Richard S 
Published: October 2015

AbstractMarine ecosystem management has traditionally been divided between fisheries management and biodiversity conservation approaches, and the merging of these disparate agendas has proven difficult. Here, we offer a pathway that can unite fishers, scientists, resource managers and conservationists towards a single vision for some areas of the ocean where small investments in management can offer disproportionately large benefits to fisheries and biodiversity conservation. Specifically, we provide a series of evidenced‐based arguments that support an urgent need to recognize fish spawning aggregations (FSAs) as a focal point for fisheries management and conservation on a global scale, with a particular emphasis placed on the protection of multispecies FSA sites. We illustrate that these sites serve as productivity hotspots – small areas of the ocean that are dictated by the interactions between physical forces and geomorphology, attract multiple species to reproduce in large numbers and support food web dynamics, ecosystem health and robust fisheries. FSAs are comparable in vulnerability, importance and magnificence to breeding aggregations of seabirds, sea turtles and whales yet they receive insufficient attention and are declining worldwide. Numerous case‐studies confirm that protected aggregations do recover to benefit fisheries through increases in fish biomass, catch rates and larval recruitment at fished sites. The small size and spatio‐temporal predictability of FSAs allow monitoring, assessment and enforcement to be scaled down while benefits of protection scale up to entire populations. Fishers intuitively understand the linkages between protecting FSAs and healthy fisheries and thus tend to support their protection.
Herbage and nitrogen yields, fixation and transfer by white clover to companion grasses in grazed swards under different rates of nitrogen fertilization
Authors: Enriquez‐Hidalgo D. , Gilliland T. J. , Hennessy D. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn grass–legume swards, biologically fixed nitrogen (N) from the legume can support theNrequirements of the grass, but legumeNfixation is suppressed by additional fertilizerNapplication. This study sought to identify a fertilizerNapplication rate that maximizes herbage andNyields,Nfixation and apparentNtransfer from white clover to companion grasses under intensive grazing at a site with high soil‐N status. During a 3‐year period (2011–2013), swards of perennial ryegrass and of perennial ryegrass–white clover, receiving up to 240 kgNha−1 year−1, were compared using isotope dilution andN‐difference methods. The presence of white clover increased herbage andNyields by 12–44% and 26–72%, respectively. Applications ofNfertilizer reduced sward white clover content, but the effect was less at below 120 kgNha−1. The proportion of N derived from the atmosphericNfixation was 25–70%. Nitrogen fixation ranged from 25 to 142 kgNha−1measured using the isotope dilution method in 2012 and from 52 to 291 kgNha−1using theN‐difference method across all years. FertilizerNapplication reduced the percentage and yield of fixed N. Transfer of N from white clover to grass was not confirmed, but there was an increasedNcontent in grass and soil‐Nlevels. Under intensive grazing, the maximum applied N rate that optimized herbage andNyields with minimal effect on white clover content and fixation rates was 60–120 kgNha−1.
Mice find endophyte‐infected seed of tall fescue unpalatable – implications for the aviation industry
Authors: Finch S. C. , Pennell C. G. L. , Kerby J. W. F. , Cave V. M. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBird strike is a significant problem for the aviation industry, caused in part by the attractiveness of the grass surrounding airports to birds. Endophyte‐infected grasses such as Avanex® have been shown to reduce bird populations at airports through the production of secondary metabolites. These metabolites are unpalatable to herbivorous, omnivorous and granivorous birds and are known to reduce insect densities, thereby making the sown areas less attractive to insectivorous birds. Raptors also provide a bird‐strike threat which could be reduced by controlling mouse populations around airports. In this study, the effect of endophyte‐infected seed on mouse feeding behaviour has been investigated. By performing a choice trial offering diets containing endophyte‐infected and endophyte‐free tall fescue seed, it was shown that endophyte‐infected seed was less palatable to mice (P < 0·001 in a 14‐d trial). Furthermore, when diet positions were reversed, mouse feeding behaviour was modified to again select endophyte‐free material (P < 0·001 over a further 14 d). This result shows that endophyte‐infected grasses could not only be used in the control of bird populations but they also have the potential to control mouse populations which in turn would decrease the number of raptors. This use of endophyte‐infected grasses in areas surrounding airport runways shows great promise for the aviation industry.
The dichotomy between disease phenotype databases and the implications for understanding complex diseases involving the major histocompatibility complex
Authors: Clark P. M. , Kunkel M. , Monos D. S. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryMany genes related to innate and adaptive immunity reside within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and have been associated with a multitude of complex, immune‐related disorders. Despite years of genetic study, this region has seen few causative determinants discovered for immune‐mediated diseases. Reported associations have been curated in various databases including the Genetic Association Database, NCBI database of clinically relevant variants (ClinVar) and the Human Gene Mutation Database and together capture genetic associations and annotated pathogenic loci within the MHC and across the genome for a variety of complex, immune‐mediated diseases. A review of these three distinct databases reveals disparate annotations between associated genes and pathogenic loci, alluding to the polygenic, multifactorial nature of immune‐mediated diseases and the pleiotropic character of genes within the MHC. The technical limitations and inherent biases imposed by current approaches and technologies in studying the MHC create a strong case for the need to perform targeted deep sequencing of the MHC and other immunologically relevant loci in order to fully elucidate and study the causative elements of complex immune‐mediated diseases.
Expression of activation‐induced cytidine deaminase enhances the clearance of pneumococcal pneumonia: evidence of a subpopulation of protective anti‐pneumococcal B1a cells
Authors: Yamamoto Natsuo , Kerfoot Steven M. , Hutchinson Andrew T. , Dela Cruz Charles S. , Nakazawa Naomi , Szczepanik Marian , Majewska‐Szczepanik Monika , Nazimek Katarzyna , Ohana Noboru , Bryniarski Krzysztof , Mori Tsutomu , Muramatsu Masamichi , Kanemitsu Keiji , Askenase Philip W. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryWe describe a protective early acquired immune response to pneumococcal pneumonia that is mediated by a subset of B1a cells. Mice deficient in B1 cells (xid), or activation‐induced cytidine deaminase (AID−/−), or invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells (Jα18−/−), or interleukin‐13 (IL‐13−/−) had impaired early clearance of pneumococci in the lung, compared with wild‐type mice. In contrast, AID−/− mice adoptively transferred with AID+/+ B1a cells, significantly cleared bacteria from the lungs as early as 3 days post infection. We show that this early bacterial clearance corresponds to an allergic contact sensitivity‐like cutaneous response, probably due to a subpopulation of initiating B1a cells. In the pneumonia model, these B1a cells were found to secrete higher affinity antigen‐specific IgM. In addition, as in contact sensitivity, iNKT cells were required for the anti‐pneumococcal B1a cell initiating response, probably through early production of IL‐13, given that IL‐13−/− mice also failed to clear infection. Our study is the first to demonstrate the importance of AID in generating an appropriate B1a cell response to pathogenic bacteria. Given the antibody affinity and pneumonia resistance data, natural IgM produced by conventional B1a cells are not responsible for pneumonia clearance compared with the AID‐dependent subset.
Interleukin‐23 (IL‐23), independent of IL‐17 and IL‐22, drives neutrophil recruitment and innate inflammation during Clostridium difficile colitis in mice
Authors: McDermott Andrew J. , Falkowski Nicole R. , McDonald Roderick A. , Pandit Chinmay R. , Young Vincent B. , Huffnagle Gary B. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryOur objective was to determine the role of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin‐23 (IL‐23) in promoting neutrophil recruitment, inflammatory cytokine expression and intestinal histopathology in response to Clostridium difficile infection. Wild‐type (WT) and p19−/− (IL‐23KO) mice were pre‐treated with cefoperazone in their drinking water for 5 days, and after a 2‐day recovery period were challenged with spores from C. difficile strain VPI 10463. Interleukin‐23 deficiency was associated with significant defects in both the recruitment of CD11bHigh Ly6GHigh neutrophils to the colon and the expression of neutrophil chemoattractants and stabilization factors including Cxcl1, Cxcl2, Ccl3 and Csf3 within the colonic mucosa as compared with WT animals. Furthermore, the expression of inflammatory cytokines including Il33, Tnf and Il6 was significantly reduced in IL‐23‐deficient animals. There was also a trend towards less severe colonic histopathology in the absence of IL‐23. The induction of Il17a and Il22 was also significantly abrogated in IL‐23KO mice. Inflammatory cytokine expression and neutrophilic inflammation were not reduced in IL‐17a‐deficient mice or in mice treated with anti‐IL‐22 depleting monoclonal antibody. However, induction of RegIIIg was significantly reduced in animals treated with anti‐IL‐22 antibody. Taken together, these data indicate that IL‐23, but not IL‐17a or IL‐22, promotes neutrophil recruitment and inflammatory cytokine and chemokine expression in the colon in response to C. difficile infection.
Macrophage‐derived reactive oxygen species protects against autoimmune priming with a defined polymeric adjuvant
Authors: Shakya Akhilesh Kumar , Kumar Ashok , Holmdahl Rikard , Nandakumar Kutty Selva 
Published: October 2015

SummaryUnderstanding the nature of adjuvants and the immune priming events in autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, is a key challenge to identify their aetiology. Adjuvants are, however, complex structures with inflammatory and immune priming properties. Synthetic polymers provide a possibility to separate these functions and allow studies of the priming mechanisms in vivo. A well‐balanced polymer, poly‐N‐isopropyl acrylamide (PNiPAAm) mixed with collagen type II (CII) induced relatively stronger autoimmunity and arthritis compared with more hydrophilic (polyacrylamide) or hydrophobic (poly‐N‐isopropylacrylamide‐co‐poly‐N‐tertbutylacrylamide and poly‐N‐tertbutylacrylamide) polymers. Clearly, all the synthesized polymers except the more hydrophobic poly‐N‐tertbutylacrylamide induced arthritis, especially in Ncf1‐deficient mice, which are deficient in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. We identified macrophages as the major infiltrating cells present at PNiPAAm‐CII injection sites and demonstrate that ROS produced by the macrophages attenuated the immune response and the development of arthritis. Our results reveal that thermo‐responsive polymers with high immune priming capacity could trigger an autoimmune response to CII and the subsequent arthritis development, in particular in the absence of NOX2 derived ROS. Importantly, ROS from macrophages protected against the autoimmune priming, demonstrating a critical regulatory role of macrophages in immune priming events.
Programmed DNA breaks in lymphoid cells: repair mechanisms and consequences in human disease
Authors: Prochazkova Jana , Loizou Joanna I. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryIn recent years, several novel congenital human disorders have been described with defects in lymphoid B‐cell and T‐cell functions that arise due to mutations in known and/or novel components of DNA repair and damage response pathways. Examples include impaired DNA double‐strand break repair, as well as compromised DNA damage‐induced signal transduction, including phosphorylation and ubiquitination. These disorders reinforce the importance of genome stability pathways in the development of lymphoid cells in humans. Furthermore, these conditions inform our knowledge of the biology of the mechanisms of genome stability and in some cases may provide potential routes to help exploit these pathways therapeutically. Here we review the mechanisms that repair programmed DNA lesions that occur during B‐cell and T‐cell development, as well as human diseases that arise through defects in these pathways.
Pulmonary Vein Isolation for Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation Using a Circular Multipolar Ablation Catheter: Safety and Efficacy Using Low‐Power Settings
Authors: BURRI HARAN , PARK CHAN‐IL , POKU NANA , GIRAUDET PHILIPPE , STETTLER CARINE , ZIMMERMANN MARC 
Published: October 2015

Low‐Power Ablation of AF Using the nMARQ CatheterIntroductionThe circular irrigated decapolar nMARQ ablation catheter designed for treating atrial fibrillation (AF) has recently been recalled following two deaths due to esoatrial fistula. Injury to the esophagus has been previously reported in up to 50% of patients using 20–25 W unipolar radiofrequency (RF) energy. Low power of 15 W has been proposed to prevent this complication, but the efficacy of this strategy to avoid AF recurrence is unknown.Methods and ResultsConsecutive patients with drug‐refractory, symptomatic AF were included. Under electroanatomical navigation, the nMARQ catheter was used to isolate all PVs by applying 15 W of unipolar RF simultaneously from up to 10 poles during 40 seconds. Multiple applications were used for each vein, until isolation was achieved. Follow‐up was performed after a 2‐month blanking period. A total of 50 patients (37 males, age 58 ± 10 years) were included. All PVs were acutely isolated without requiring touch‐up by conventional ablation catheters. Pericardial effusion occurred in two patients, of whom one required periocardiocentesis. Right phrenic nerve palsy occurred in another patient, which partially resolved. There were no cases of esophageal fistula or stroke. After a follow‐up of 15±4 months, AF recurred in 27/50 (54%) patients.ConclusionThe recurrence rate of AF with 15 W unipolar applications is high. Despite use of low power, complications such as pericardial effusion and phrenic nerve palsy may occur.
Banking on Bonds: The New Links Between States and Markets
Authors: Gabor Daniela , Ban Cornel 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis article examines a neglected structural transformation in European finance: the growing importance of government debt as collateral for Europe's repo markets, where banks borrow cash against collateral. Seduced by the promises of repo market‐driven financial integration, the EU institutions and Member States encouraged private finance to generate its own architecture for the European repo market in the early years of the euro, sidelining known problems about systemic fragilities. These fragilities materialized after Lehman Brothers’ collapse and were exacerbated by the ECB's collateral policies. The European sovereign debt crisis shows that governments, just like private asset issuers, can rapidly become vulnerable to repo pro‐cyclicality and collateral crises.
Efficacy of interferon for chronic hepatitis B in patients with nucleoside and nucleotide combination therapy failure
Authors: Yin Guo Qing , Zhong Bei 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackground and AimIn China, inappropriate therapies with nucleos(t)ide analogues (NA) have induced hepatitis B virus resistance, combination therapy with nucleoside and nucleotide (ComTNsNt) failure, or multi‐drug resistant mutations. However, the efficacy of combination therapy with entecavir plus tenofovir for ComTNsNt failure is limited. In the current study, the regimens of interferon‐α (IFN‐α) therapy, switching from NAs to IFN‐α, and subsequent re‐treatment with IFN‐α were applied to treat ComTNsNt failure. We further evaluated the efficacy of this therapy.MethodsEleven patients with ComTNsNt failure were enrolled in this study. Nine subjects (9/11) received IFN‐α switching therapy. Combination therapy with IFN‐α and ComTNsNt was administered in the first 4 weeks. Then, ComTNsNt was discontinued at the end of Week 4, and IFN‐α monotherapy was continued for 6 months. Two (2/11) patients discontinued ComTNsNt without receiving IFN‐α treatment. All 11 patients received the first re‐treatment of IFN‐α when they experienced hepatitis relapses after the withdrawal of IFN‐α or ComTNsNt. Six (6/11) patients received a second re‐treatment of IFN‐α. Follow up was conducted after IFN‐α therapy in all 11 patients.ResultsTwo patients (2/9) receiving IFN‐α switching therapy experienced alanine aminotransferase (ALT) flare. In contrast, the two patients without IFN‐α switching therapy experienced ALT flare. Multiple re‐treatments with IFN‐α resulted in a sustained response.ConclusionsInterferon‐α switching therapy and IFN‐α re‐treatment might be applied for treatment of ComTNsNt failure. IFN‐α switching therapy resulted in safe ComTNsNt cessation, and IFN‐α re‐treatment induced a sustained response of IFN‐α in all patients. This IFN‐α treatment is an optional treatment for ComTNsNt failure.
Doppler tissue perfusion parameters in recognizing pancreatic malignant tumors
Authors: Dyrla Przemysław , Lubas Arkadiusz , Gil Jerzy , Niemczyk Stanisław 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundHistopathology, radiological imaging methods with the administration of contrast agents are efficient to differentiate focal lesions of the pancreas. Invasiveness, contrast toxicity, and limited accessibility ameliorate their application. Noninvasive and contrast‐agent‐free method could improve diagnostics and accelerate treatment.AimsThe aim of the study is to evaluate the diagnostic properties of ultrasound parameters of organ perfusion in the detection of malignant tumors of the pancreas.MethodsThirty‐six patients with a focal lesion of the pancreas underwent endosonography with color flow imaging and biopsy for histological evaluation. Five patients were excluded because of the absence of the Doppler signal in pancreatic lesion. In the dynamic tissue perfusion measurement (DTPM) means of flow velocity (FV), resistive index, pulsatility index, and perfusion relief intensity (PR) were estimated.ResultsIn the group with malignant tumors FV was significantly lower compared with the group with inflammatory changes. In receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis FV below the optimal cut‐off point of 2.382 cm/s identified patients with malignant lesions with a sensitivity of 92% and specificity of 90%. In the group with malignant tumors significantly lower values of PR in all considered percentiles were observed. Based on the ROC analysis in the group with solid tumors, it was found that PR25 ≤ 0.057 allowed to recognize malignancies with a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 80%, and in the groups with solid and cystic tumors with a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 79%.ConclusionsFV and PR intensity derived from DTPM are reliable markers in recognition of pancreatic malignant masses.