bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indonesian throughflow proxy from satellite altimeters and gravimeters
Authors: Susanto R. Dwi , Song Y. Tony 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe Indonesian throughflow (ITF) from the Pacific to the Indian Ocean plays an important role in global ocean circulation and climate. Yet, continuous ITF measurement is difficult and expensive. The longest time series of in situ measurements of the ITF to date were taken in the Makassar Strait, the main pathway of the ITF. Here we have demonstrated a plausible approach to derive the ITF transport proxy using satellite altimetry sea surface height (SSH), gravimetry ocean bottom pressure (OBP) data, in situ measurements from the Makassar Strait from 1996 to 1998 and 2004 to 2011, and a theoretical formulation. We first identified the optimal locations of the correlation between the observed ITF transport through the Makassar Strait and the pressure gradients, represented by the SSH and OBP differences between the Pacific and Indian Oceans at a 1° × 1° horizontal resolution. The optimal locations were found centered at 162°E and 11°N in the Pacific Ocean and 80°E and 0° in the Indian Ocean, then were used in the theoretical formulation to estimate the throughflow. The proxy time series follow the observation time series quite well, with the 1993–2011 mean proxy transport of 11.6 ± 3.2 Sv southward, varying from 5.6 Sv during the strong 1997 El Niño to 16.9 Sv during the 2007 La Nina period, which are consistent with previous estimates. The observed Makassar mean transport is 13.0 ± 3.8 Sv southward over 2004–2011, while the SSH proxy (for the same period) gives an ITF mean transport of 13.9 ± 4.1 Sv and the SSH + OBP proxy (for 2004–2010) is 15.8 ± 3.2 Sv.
Ertel potential vorticity versus Bernoulli streamfunction in earth's extratropical atmosphere
Authors: Du J. , Dowling T. E. , Bradley M. E. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe investigate the correlation of Ertel potential vorticity, Q, with Bernoulli streamfunction, B, on potential‐temperature surfaces, θ, in Earth's atmosphere poleward of
latitude. For input, we use the 1979–2010 CMAM30‐SD specified‐dynamics data set. We fit the model
separately in the midlatitude
and polar
regions, and nondimensionalize the slope parameter as
. In the troposphere, the peak of
is approximately 2–3 in winter and 3–4 in summer in both regions. In the stratosphere during winter, both
and
hover around unity. In spring and fall,
continues to hover near unity, but
rises by a factor of two, with its maximum located at
to
. In summer, the polar value drops to
, while the midlatitude value swings negative to
to −3. In the mesosphere,
exhibits incessant fluctuations with values that usually fall within the range 0 to 1. The results support the paradigm
for dynamically active regions primarily in the vicinity of
–
(
–
) in the mesosphere, whereas except in summer, we get the simple result that the monthly climate‐averaged profile,
, in the polar regions is nearly unity across the entire stratosphere. During extended recoveries following SSWs, the midlatitude vertical profile develops a peak near 2000 K that descends over the course of a few weeks, alongside the descent of the elevated stratopause in the polar region.
Impact of soil moisture on dust outbreaks in East Asia: Using satellite and assimilation data
Authors: Kim Hyunglok , Choi Minha 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis study is the first assessment of the effects of soil moisture on dust outbreaks using satellite‐derived aerosol optical depth (AOD) and global assimilation data on the sand regions across East Asia. The relationships among dust outbreaks, soil moisture, and wind speed were estimated using data sets of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer and Global Land Data Assimilation System collected over 11 years (2003–2013). The mean AOD exponentially decreased with increasing soil moisture under different wind speed conditions (average determination coefficient = 0.95). As the wind speed conditions became stronger, the probability of a dust outbreak became greatly affected by soil moisture. The threshold soil moisture for dust outbreaks increased with increasing wind speed and decreased with increasing dust‐outbreak criteria of AOD. Our results have the capability to be applied to satellite‐based dust‐outbreak prediction and global‐scale dust‐emission studies.
The seismic traffic footprint: Tracking trains, aircraft, and cars seismically
Authors: Riahi Nima , Gerstoft Peter 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAlthough naturally occurring vibrations have proven useful to probe the subsurface, the vibrations caused by traffic have not been explored much. Such data, however, are less sensitive to weather and low visibility compared to some common out‐of‐road traffic sensing systems. We study traffic‐generated seismic noise measured by an array of 5200 geophones that covered a 7 × 10 km area in Long Beach (California, USA) with a receiver spacing of 100 m. This allows us to look into urban vibrations below the resolution of a typical city block. The spatiotemporal structure of the anthropogenic seismic noise intensity reveals the Blue Line Metro train activity, departing and landing aircraft in Long Beach Airport and their acceleration, and gives clues about traffic movement along the I‐405 highway at night. As low‐cost, stand‐alone seismic sensors are becoming more common, these findings indicate that seismic data may be useful for traffic monitoring.
What Is the Relationship Between Morning Symptoms and Measures of Disease Activity in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis?
Authors: Boers M. , Buttgereit F. , Saag K. , Alten R. , Grahn A. , Storey D. , Rice P. , Kirwan J. 
Published: March 2015

ObjectiveLittle is known about the relationship between morning symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and measures of disease activity currently used to assess RA. Information available from the Circadian Administration of Prednisone in Rheumatoid Arthritis (CAPRA‐2) study was used to investigate these relationships.MethodsCAPRA‐2 included 350 patients with RA who were symptomatic despite treatment with disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs, randomized 2:1 to additional treatment with a 5‐mg daily dose of delayed‐release prednisone or placebo. Pearson's correlations were used to evaluate the relationships between change from baseline in symptoms (duration of morning stiffness, severity of morning stiffness, and intensity of pain on waking) and measures of disease activity (the American College of Rheumatology 20% improvement criteria [ACR20], the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints [DAS28], and the Health Assessment Questionnaire disability index). Correlations were defined as weak (<0.3), moderate (0.3–0.7), or strong (>0.7).ResultsThere was a strong correlation between the severity of morning stiffness and the intensity of morning pain (Pearson's correlation 0.91, P < 0.001). There was a weak correlation between the duration of morning stiffness and measures of disease activity (0.24–0.28), with moderate correlations between the severity of morning stiffness or intensity of pain on waking and DAS28 or ACR20 scores (0.44–0.48). Severity of morning stiffness showed less variability and a greater effect size than did duration of morning stiffness.ConclusionMorning symptoms and measures of disease activity show weak to moderate correlations. Severity of morning stiffness showed less variability and greater effect size than did duration of morning stiffness. These findings suggest that severity is the preferred construct to measure the impact of morning stiffness in patients with RA, information that is not fully captured in the RA core set.
N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Catalyzed Oxidative Amidation of Aldehydes with Amines
Authors: Alanthadka Anitha , Maheswari C. Uma 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC)‐catalyzed oxidative amidation of aromatic aldehydes with amines in the presence of N‐bromosuccinimide (NBS) as an oxidant has been developed for the synthesis of amides. This amidation strategy is tolerant to both the electronic and the steric nature of the aryl aldehydes employed. The present methodology was extended to chiral amino acid derivatives to generate the corresponding amides in good yields and excellent ee values (>98%).magnified image
Organocatalyzed Asymmetric Vinylogous Michael Reactions of 3,5‐Dialkyl‐Substituted 4‐Nitroisoxazoles: A Direct Method for the Synthesis of Chiral Isoxazole Derivatives
Authors: Zhang Yong , Wei Biaowen , Lin Hui , Cui Weirong , Zeng Xianqiang , Fan Xiaolin 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe direct asymmetric vinylogous Michael addition of 3,5‐dialkyl‐substituted 4‐nitroisoxazoles with α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes catalyzed by a diphenylprolinol TBS ether organocatalyst is described, giving products with moderate to good yields and up to excellent enantioselectivities (96% ee). This approach provides an easy access to highly functionalized chiral isoxazole derivatives.magnified image
Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed Selective CH Cyanation of Indolines and Indoles with an Easily Accessible Cyano Source
Authors: Mishra Neeraj Kumar , Jeong Taejoo , Sharma Satyasheel , Shin Youngmi , Han Sangil , Park Jihye , Oh Joa Sub , Kwak Jong Hwan , Jung Young Hoon , Kim In Su 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe rhodium‐catalyzed selective cyanation of CH bonds of indolines and indoles with N‐cyano‐N‐phenyl‐para‐methylbenzenesulfonamide is described. This protocol offers a facile access to C‐7 cyanated indolines and C‐2 cyanated indoles with high site selectivity and excellent functional group tolerance.magnified image
Asymmetric Synthesis of Dihydrofurans via Organocatalytic Domino Michael–Alkylation Reaction
Authors: Feng Juhua , Lin Lili , Yu Kunru , Liu Xiaohua , Feng Xiaoming 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe chiral N,N′‐dioxide C‐PrPr2 has been developed as an efficient organocatalyst to catalyze the asymmetric domino Michael–alkylation reaction between cyclohexane‐1,3‐dione derivatives and bromonitrostyrenes. For dimedone, the corresponding bicyclic 2,3‐dihydrofurans with two stereocenters were obtained in up to 99 % yield with 95:5 d.r. and 96 % ee. For prochiral 5‐monosubstituted cyclohexane‐1,3‐diones, the desymmetrization reaction provided the bicyclic 2,3‐dihydrofurans with three stereocenters in up to 90 % yield with 82:18 d.r. and 94 % ee.magnified image
Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in rural elderly of Asian Indian origin
Authors: Nag Tanmay , Ghosh Arnab 
Published: March 2015

ObjectivesVirtually no studies have been undertaken to investigate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) among the rural elderly in India. The aim of the present study was to identify the effects of sex and age on body fat distribution, blood pressure (BP), and metabolic variables as well as to look at the prevalence of MS and related phenotypes by age‐groups and sex.MethodsA total of 312 participants aged ≥55 years took part in the present cross‐sectional study. All the participants were grouped into: Group I (55–59 years); Group II (60–64 years); Group III (65–69 years); and Group IV (≥70 years). Anthropometric measures were collected using standard techniques. Metabolic profiles and blood pressure were also measured.ResultsMANOVA revealed significant sex and age group effects on percent body fat, trunk extremity ratio, and diastolic BP. Significant sex effects were evident for BMI, waist‐hip ratio, waist‐height ratio, total cholesterol, and HDL. The overall prevalence of MS was found to be 28.2% with a higher prevalence in females (36.9%) as compared to males (23.9%).ConclusionIt seems reasonable to argue that MS is considerably high in the rural elderly of Asian Indian origin and early intervention is warranted to avoid further escalation in cardiovascular disease. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 27:724–727, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Influence of physical activity on the association between the FTO variant rs9939609 and adiposity in young adults
Authors: Muc Magdalena , Padez Cristina , Manco Licínio 
Published: March 2015

ObjectivesTo investigate in a population sample of Portuguese young adults the association of the FTO variant rs9939609 with obesity, BMI, and body‐fat and interaction with physical activity (PA) on obesity‐susceptibility.MethodsSNP rs9939609 A/T was genotyped in 550 subjects (231 males and 319 females; 18–36 years old; mean age 21 years old) by TaqMan assay. PA was assessed with a validated self‐reported questionnaire of IPAQ.ResultsWe replicated the association of rs9939609‐A risk allele with BMI (P = 0.04) and fat‐mass (P = 0.031), and with overweight (including obesity) under a recessive model (P = 0.034). Stratified analyses showed (i) a significant association with overweight/obesity in inactive individuals (P = 0.02) but not in a group reporting participation in sports (P = 0.97). Spearman's correlation test suggested that the impact of a successive increase in PA was a decrease in the body‐fat percentage (r = −0.16; P = 0.0002), which is accentuated for homozygous AA (r = −0.34; P = 0.002), and an increase in BMI (r = 0.14; P = 0.001), with a statistically significant correlation for homozygous TT (r = 0.22; P = 0.002).ConclusionsThis study reveals interactions between rs9939609 and PA on obesity indices in Portuguese young adults, suggesting a change in the different body components (lean and fat mass) depending on the FTO genotypes. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 27:734–738, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed CC Bond Cleavage in Lignin Model Substrates
Authors: vom Stein Thorsten , den Hartog Tim , Buendia Julien , Stoychev Spas , Mottweiler Jakob , Bolm Carsten , Klankermayer Jürgen , Leitner Walter 
Published: March 2015

AbstractRuthenium–triphos complexes exhibited unprecedented catalytic activity and selectivity in the redox‐neutral CC bond cleavage of the β‐O‐4 lignin linkage of 1,3‐dilignol model compounds. A mechanistic pathway involving a dehydrogenation‐initiated retro‐aldol reaction for the CC bond cleavage was proposed in line with experimental data and DFT calculations.
The Predictability from Skull Morphology of Temporalis and Masseter Muscle Cross‐Sectional Areas in Humans
Authors: Toro‐Ibacache Viviana , Zapata MuÑoz Victor , O'higgins Paul 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTTo carry out functional simulations of the masticatory system that aim to predict strain magnitudes it is important to apply appropriate jaw‐elevator muscle forces. Force magnitude estimation from directly measured muscle physiological cross‐sectional area or anatomical cross‐sectional area (CSA) is not possible for fossils and skeletal material from museum collections. In these cases, muscle CSAs are often estimated from bony features. This approach has been shown to be inaccurate in a prior study based on direct measurements from cadavers. Postmortem alterations as well as age changes in muscle form might explain this discrepancy. As such, the present study uses CT images from 20 living individuals to directly measure temporalis and masseter muscle CSAs and estimated cross‐sectional areas (ECSAs) from bony features. The relationships between CSAs and ECSAs were assessed by comparing mean values and by examining correlations. ECSAs are up to 100% greater than CSA and the means of these variables for each muscle differ significantly. Further, ECSA is significantly correlated with CSA for temporalis but not masseter. Cranial centroid size is only significantly associated with CSA for temporalis. These findings indicate that ECSAs should be employed with caution in simulations of human masticatory system functioning; they do not reflect CSAs and it is plausible that this also applies to studies of closely related living and fossil taxa. When ECSAs are used, sensitivity analyses are required to determine the impact of potential errors. Anat Rec, 298:1261–1270, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Food Sources of Protein and Risk of Incident Gout in the Singapore Chinese Health Study
Authors: Teng Gim Gee , Pan An , Yuan Jian‐Min , Koh Woon‐Puay 
Published: March 2015

ObjectiveProspective studies evaluating diet in relation to the risk of gout in Asian populations are lacking. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the consumption of dietary protein from each of its major sources and the risk of gout in a Chinese population.MethodsWe used data from the Singapore Chinese Health Study, a prospective cohort of 63,257 Chinese adults who were 45–74 years old at recruitment during the years 1993–1998. Habitual diet information was collected via a validated semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire, and physician‐diagnosed gout was self‐reported during 2 followup interviews up to the year 2010. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs), with adjustment for potential confounders, among 51,114 eligible study participants who were free of gout at baseline and responded to our followup interviews.ResultsA total of 2,167 participants reported physician‐diagnosed gout during the followup period. The multivariate‐adjusted HRs (with 95% CIs) of gout, comparing the first quartile with the fourth quartile, were as follows: 1.27 (1.12–1.44; P for trend < 0.001) for total protein, 1.27 (1.11–1.45; P for trend < 0.001) for poultry, 1.16 (1.02–1.32; P for trend = 0.006) for fish and shellfish, 0.86 (0.75–0.98; P for trend = 0.018) for soy food, and 0.83 (0.73–0.95; P for trend = 0.012) for nonsoy legumes. No statistically significant associations were found with protein intake from other sources (red meat, eggs, dairy products, grains, or nuts and seeds).ConclusionIn this Chinese population living in Singapore, higher total dietary protein intake from mainly poultry and fish/shellfish was associated with an increased risk of gout, while dietary intake of soy and nonsoy legumes was associated with a reduced risk of gout.
Brief Report: Childhood‐Onset Systemic Necrotizing Vasculitides: Long‐Term Data From the French Vasculitis Study Group Registry
Authors: Iudici Michele , Puéchal Xavier , Pagnoux Christian , Quartier Pierre , Agard Christian , Aouba Achille , Büchler Matthias , Cevallos Ramiro , Cohen Pascal , de Moreuil Claire , Guilpain Philippe , Le Quellec Alain , Roblot Pascal , Serratrice Jacques , Bachmeyer Claude , Daugas Éric , Terrier Benjamin , Mouthon Luc , Guillevin Loïc ,   for the French Vasculitis Study Group
Published: March 2015

ObjectiveTo describe the initial features and long‐term outcomes of childhood‐onset small vessel and medium vessel systemic necrotizing vasculitides (SNVs), including antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody–associated vasculitides (AAVs) and polyarteritis nodosa (PAN).MethodsData on patients with childhood‐onset SNV registered in the French Vasculitis Study Group database were reviewed for demographic characteristics, clinical, laboratory, and histologic features, and outcomes. Disease activity was assessed with the Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score and the Paediatric Vasculitis Activity Score, and damage was scored using the Vasculitis Damage Index. Relapse and survival rates and causes of death were analyzed.ResultsFifty‐six patients (35 with AAV and 21 with PAN) (median age at database enrollment 14 years [range 2–17]) were included in the study. The median duration of followup was 96 months (range 1–336); two‐thirds of the patients were followed up beyond 18 years of age. Six patients (11%) died, mostly of SNV‐related causes. Relapse rates ranged from 33% for microscopic polyangiitis to 50% for eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg‐Strauss) and 83% for granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's), with similar rates among AAV and PAN patients (76% and 75%, respectively); neither overall survival nor relapse‐free survival differed significantly between the 2 disease groups. Rates of relapse increased after 18 years of age, both among patients with AAV and among patients with PAN. At the last followup evaluation, AAV patients had more major flares and more severe accrued damage compared with PAN patients.ConclusionDespite similar relapse rates, patients with childhood‐onset AAVs experienced more major flares with more cumulative damage than those with pediatric PAN. Treatments aimed at reducing the rates of mortality and relapse in this patient group need to be developed and assessed.
Computer‐Aided Assessment of Spinal Inflammation on Magnetic Resonance Images in Patients With Spondyloarthritis
Authors: Griffith James F. , Wang Defeng , Shi Lin , Yeung David K. W. , Lee Ryan , Shan Tam Lai 
Published: March 2015

ObjectiveTo evaluate a computer‐aided approach to the assessment of spinal inflammation on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in spondyloarthritis as compared to visual assessment.MethodsFollowing institutional ethics approval, 32 patients (mean ± SD age 35.3 ± 10.2 years) with active ankylosing spondylitis underwent treatment with methotrexate and infliximab for 30 weeks. Spinal MRI examination (T1‐weighted, T2‐weighted fat‐suppressed, and postcontrast T1‐weighted fat‐suppressed sagittal sequences using a 1.5T MRI system) was performed at baseline and at 30 weeks. Following manual identification of the vertebral corners, vertebral body segmentation was performed using a deformable model that automatically isolated the 4 vertebral corner areas, allowing automatic measurement of the relative mean corner intensity of each vertebral corner before and after treatment. Quantitative computer‐aided assessment of spinal inflammation was compared with a semiquantitative visual assessment of spinal inflammation (the Berlin method).ResultsComputer‐aided quantification was quick and highly reliable, and it identified increases in vertebral corner edema or enhancement that were significantly decreased following treatment (P < 0.5). For computer‐aided analysis, there was excellent inter‐ and intrarater correlation of both corner edema and enhancement (intraclass correlation coefficients [ICCs] >0.99), and the correlations were better than those for visual analysis (ICCs 0.83–0.96). For computer‐aided analysis, the standardized response mean was 1.67 for corner edema and 1.64 for enhancement, as compared to 1.20 and 1.18, respectively, for visual analysis. Computer‐aided quantification of MRI data correlated better (r = 0.50–0.53, P < 0.01) with clinical features of spinal disease activity pre‐ and posttreatment than did visual analysis of spinal inflammation (r = 0.37–0.43, P > 0.02).ConclusionComputer‐aided assessment of spinal inflammation in spondyloarthritis is quick, reliable, and sensitive and correlates better with clinical disease activity than does visual assessment by the Berlin method.