bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How calorie-focused thinking about obesity and related diseases may mislead and harm public health. An alternative
Authors: Lucan Sean C , DiNicolantonio James J 
Published: November 2014

AbstractPrevailing thinking about obesity and related diseases holds that quantifying calories should be a principal concern and target for intervention. Part of this thinking is that consumed calories – regardless of their sources – are equivalent; i.e. ‘a calorie is a calorie’. The present commentary discusses various problems with the idea that ‘a calorie is a calorie’ and with a primarily quantitative focus on food calories. Instead, the authors argue for a greater qualitative focus on the sources of calories consumed (i.e. a greater focus on types of foods) and on the metabolic changes that result from consuming foods of different types. In particular, the authors consider how calorie-focused thinking is inherently biased against high-fat foods, many of which may be protective against obesity and related diseases, and supportive of starchy and sugary replacements, which are likely detrimental. Shifting the focus to qualitative food distinctions, a central argument of the paper is that obesity and related diseases are problems due largely to food-induced physiology (e.g. neurohormonal pathways) not addressable through arithmetic dieting (i.e. calorie counting). The paper considers potential harms of public health initiatives framed around calorie balance sheets – targeting ‘calories in’ and/or ‘calories out’ – that reinforce messages of overeating and inactivity as underlying causes, rather than intermediate effects, of obesity. Finally, the paper concludes that public health should work primarily to support the consumption of whole foods that help protect against obesity-promoting energy imbalance and metabolic dysfunction and not continue to promote calorie-directed messages that may create and blame victims and possibly exacerbate epidemics of obesity and related diseases.
That They May All Be One: Christian Unity in the Work of A.G. Hebert SSM, and its Implications Today
Authors: Morton Philip J. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractFr Arthur Gabriel Hebert SSM is perhaps best known for his role in the Parish Communion Movement (PCM), a predominantly Church of England based offshoot of the wider liturgical reform movement of the early and mid-twentieth century. The PCM made the case for Holy Communion to be the main act of Sunday morning worship, rather than the then more widely used Matins service.Today Hebert's name is most often associated with liturgical reform, and the systematic theology which underpinned his work has fallen largely into obscurity. This paper explores the theology that informed Hebert's liturgical arguments, drawing out his understanding of a faith that transcends denominational and stylistic differences, and makes the case that Hebert's theology has much to contribute to present-day ecumenical and missional dialogue.
Computer-delivered cognitive-behavioural treatments for obsessive compulsive disorder: preliminary meta-analysis of randomized and non-randomized effectiveness trials
Authors: Pozza Andrea , Andersson Gerhard , Antonelli Paolo , Dèttore Davide 
Published: November 2014

AbstractCognitive behavioural treatments (CBTs) are well-established for obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). However, few patients receive CBT, due to factors like geographical limitations, perceived stigmatization, and lack of CBT services. Some evidence suggests that computer-delivered cognitive-behavioural treatments (CCBTs) could be an effective strategy to improve patients’ access to CBT. To date a meta-analysis on effectiveness of CCBTs for OCD has not been conducted. The present study used meta-analytical techniques to summarize evidence on CCBTs for OCD on OCD and depression symptom outcomes at post-treatment and follow-up. A meta-analysis was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Treatments were classified as CCBTs if including evidence-based cognitive-behavioural components for OCD (psychoeducation, exposure and response prevention, cognitive restructuring), delivered through devices like computers, palmtops, telephone-interactive voice-response systems, CD-ROMS, and cell phones. Studies were included if they used validated outcomes for OCD. Eight studies met inclusion criteria (n= 392). A large effect favouring CCBTs over control conditions was found for OCD symptoms at post-treatment (d= 0.82,p= 0.001), but not for depression symptom outcomes (d= 0.15,p= 0.20). Theoretical implications and directions for research are discussed. A larger number of randomized controlled trials is required.
Long-read, whole-genome shotgun sequence data for five model organisms
Authors: Kim Kristi E , Peluso Paul , Babayan Primo , Yeadon P. Jane , Yu Charles , Fisher William W , Chin Chen-Shan , Rapicavoli Nicole A , Rank David R , Li Joachim , Catcheside David E. A , Celniker Susan E , Phillippy Adam M , Bergman Casey M , Landolin Jane M 
Published: November 2014

AbstractSingle molecule, real-time (SMRT) sequencing from Pacific Biosciences is increasingly used in many areas of biological research including de novo genome assembly, structural-variant identification, haplotype phasing, mRNA isoform discovery, and base-modification analyses. High-quality, public datasets of SMRT sequences can spur development of analytic tools that can accommodate unique characteristics of SMRT data (long read lengths, lack of GC or amplification bias, and a random error profile leading to high consensus accuracy). In this paper, we describe eight high-coverage SMRT sequence datasets from five organisms (Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Neurospora crassa, Arabidopsis thaliana, and Drosophila melanogaster) that have been publicly released to the general scientific community (NCBI Sequence Read Archive ID SRP040522). Data were generated using two sequencing chemistries (P4C2 and P5C3) on the PacBio RS II instrument. The datasets reported here can be used without restriction by the research community to generate whole-genome assemblies, test new algorithms, investigate genome structure and evolution, and identify base modifications in some of the most widely-studied model systems in biological research.
Selective protein kinase Cθ (PKCθ) inhibitors for the treatment of autoimmune diseases
Authors: Curnock Adam , Bolton Clare , Chiu Peter , Doyle Elisabeth , Fraysse Damien , Hesse Matthias , Jones Julie , Weber Peter , Jimenez Juan-Miguel 
Published: November 2014

Protein kinase Cθ (PKCθ) is a member of a large family of serine/threonine kinases that are involved in diverse cellular functions. PKCθ has roles in T-cell activation and survival, where the dependency of T-cell responses on this enzyme appears to be dictated by both the nature of the antigen and by the inflammatory environment. Studies in PKCθ-deficient mice have demonstrated that although anti-viral responses are PKCθ-independent, T-cell responses associated with autoimmune diseases are PKCθ-dependent. PKCθ-deficient mice are either resistant to or show markedly reduced symptoms in models of MS (multiple sclerosis), IBD (inflammatory bowel disease), arthritis and asthma. Thus potent and selective inhibition of PKCθ has the potential to block T-cell-mediated autoimmunity without compromising anti-viral responses. The present review describes the design and optimization of potent and selective PKCθ inhibitors and their efficacy in both in vitro and in vivo studies. First, our compounds confirm the critical role for PKCθ in T-cell activation and proliferation and secondly they help to demonstrate that murine and human memory T-cell function continues to be dependent on this enzyme. In addition, these inhibitors demonstrate impressive efficacy in treating established autoimmune disease in murine models of IBD and MS.
Exploring the role of endothelium in the tumour response to anti-angiogenic therapy
Authors: He Yi-Chao , Halford Michael M. , Achen Marc G. , Stacker Steven A. 
Published: November 2014

A chronic hyperactivated angiogenic state in cancer plays an important role in tumour growth and metastasis and has been identified as one of the hallmarks of cancer. Inhibition of this process has been associated with tumour suppression in many pre-clinical contexts using different animal tumour models. Anti-angiogenic therapeutics were subsequently developed and used to treat several prevalent types of human cancer. However, recent clinical experience has revealed limitations of this approach in treating cancer as patient response varies over a wide range. Given that there are complex underlying molecular and cellular changes provoked by anti-angiogenic treatment within the tumour microenvironment (TME), it is not surprising that modest effectiveness and resistance have been observed in the clinical setting. This article discusses these issues in the context of VEGF-A-targeted anti-angiogenic treatment of cancer and provides insight into the importance of tumour endothelium for understanding the tumour response to anti-angiogenic therapy. Special consideration is also given to possible approaches for investigating how endothelium contributes to the tumour response to anti-angiogenic agents and for exploring the therapeutic and biomarker potential of targeting tumour endothelium.
Protein moonlighting: a new factor in biology and medicine
Authors: Henderson Brian , Martin Andrew C. R. 
Published: November 2014

The phenomenon of protein moonlighting was discovered in the 1980s and 1990s, and the current definition of what constitutes a moonlighting protein was provided at the end of the 1990s. Since this time, several hundred moonlighting proteins have been identified in all three domains of life, and the rate of discovery is accelerating as the importance of protein moonlighting in biology and medicine becomes apparent. The recent re-evaluation of the number of protein-coding genes in the human genome (approximately 19000) is one reason for believing that protein moonlighting may be a more general phenomenon than the current number of moonlighting proteins would suggest, and preliminary studies of the proportion of proteins that moonlight would concur with this hypothesis. Protein moonlighting could be one way of explaining the seemingly small number of proteins that are encoded in the human genome. It is emerging that moonlighting proteins can exhibit novel biological functions, thus extending the range of the human functional proteome. The several hundred moonlighting proteins so far discovered play important roles in many aspects of biology. For example, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), heat-shock protein 60 (Hsp60) and tRNA synthetases play a wide range of biological roles in eukaryotic cells, and a growing number of eukaryotic moonlighting proteins are recognized to play important roles in physiological processes such as sperm capacitation, implantation, immune regulation in pregnancy, blood coagulation, vascular regeneration and control of inflammation. The dark side of protein moonlighting finds a range of moonlighting proteins playing roles in various human diseases including cancer, cardiovascular disease, HIV and cystic fibrosis. However, some moonlighting proteins are being tested for their therapeutic potential, including immunoglobulin heavy-chain-binding protein (BiP), for rheumatoid arthritis, and Hsp90 for wound healing. In addition, it has emerged over the last 20 years that a large number of bacterial moonlighting proteins play important roles in bacteria–host interactions as virulence factors and are therefore potential therapeutic targets in bacterial infections. So as we progress in the 21st Century, it is likely that moonlighting proteins will be seen to play an increasingly important role in biology and medicine. It is hoped that some of the major unanswered questions, such as the mechanism of evolution of protein moonlighting, the structural biology of moonlighting proteins and their role in the systems biology of cellular systems can be addressed during this period.
Tenuously Unionised: Temporary Migrant Workers and the Limits of Formal Mechanisms Designed to Promote Collective Bargaining in British Columbia
Authors: Vosko Leah F. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Temporary migrant work is a central feature of labour markets in many host states, and an increasing cause of concern for its potential impacts on workers’ rights and protections. In Canada, as elsewhere, policymakers utilise it as a regulatory device to lower labour standards. In this context, workers labouring transnationally are turning to unions for assistance. Yet they are confronting obstacles to securing access to their labour rights through representation. This article analyses one example involving a group of temporary migrant agricultural workers engaged seasonally on a British Columbian (BC) farm under Canada’s Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program (SAWP) seeking union representation. It considers the question, confronting courts and tribunals in host states across the OECD, of meaningful access to collective bargaining for temporary migrant workers. Focussing on how the BC Labour Relations Board determines an appropriate bargaining unit, the inquiry demonstrates that temporary migrant workers are ill-served by mechanisms aimed at promoting collective bargaining. Although the union involved in the case secured a certification, the outcome was tenuous unionisation. The resulting collective agreement contained provisions augmenting workers’ job security by facilitating their circular movement between the sending and host state. However, the structure of the SAWP, which reinforces workers’ deportability, together with the limits of the prevailing regime of collective bargaining in BC, modelled on the US Wagner Act, contributed to a certification that was weakly institutionalised and underscored labour law’s subsidiarity to legal frameworks governing work across borders.
Assessment of the use of online communities to integrate educational processes development teams
Authors: Castilho Barilli Elomar , Freitas Barretto Stenio , Moura Lima Carla , Antonio Menezes Marco 
Published: November 2014

Purpose
– The aim of this paper is to present the use of virtual communities in work processes in Popular Education, a field strongly supported by presentiality because of historical social inequalities in Brazil. It presents the assessment of the Virtual Community Work (CVT) used in the Popular Healthcare Education Policy (PNEPS).

Design/methodology/approach
– The exploratory research adopted two paths of analysis, one quantitative (using questionnaire) aimed to collect the participants’ perceptions regarding the navigation, tools and features of CVT, and the other qualitative through observation of the interventions in its different spaces, having discourse analysis as the technique for analysis.

Findings
– The hands-on nature of Popular Education, revealed in the posts and in the speech of the participants, showed the potential and challenges of the territory and the need for change, both of the professional’s outlook on his or her own work process and working with health in the communities that are, still today, very centered around authoritarian models.

Research limitations/implications
– Because the participation was not mandatory, the reduced number of participants was the main limitation of this work.

Practical implications
– The health problems specified in the interactions and much discussed in CVT may help the consolidation of the policy as the main practical implication.

Social implications
– Contribute to the creation of a network for the exchange of educational experiences in the field of Popular Education.

Originality/value
– The innovating character of this work lies in the application of Virtual Community in the field of popular education within the health sector as a strategy for implementation of a national policy.
Time‐ and Temperature‐Dependent Changes in Cytochrome c Oxidase Activity and Cyanide Concentration in Excised Mice Organs and Mice Cadavers
Authors: Singh Poonam , Rao Pooja , Yadav Shiv K. , Gujar Niranjan L. , Satpute Ravindra M. , Bhattacharya Rahul 
Published: November 2014

AbstractPostmortem stability of cyanide biomarkers is often disputed. We assessed the time and temperature‐dependent changes in cytochrome c oxidase (CCO) activity and cyanide concentration in various organs of mice succumbing to cyanide. Immediately after death, excised mice organs and mice cadavers were stored at room temperature (35°C ± 5°C) or in frozen storage (−20°C ± 2°C). At various times after death, CCO activity and cyanide concentrations were measured in excised mice organs or organs removed from mice cadavers. The study revealed that (i) measuring both the biomarkers in mice cadavers was more reliable compared to excised mice organs, (ii) measuring temporal CCO activity and cyanide concentration in vital organs from mice cadavers (room temperature) was reliable up to 24 h, and (iii) CCO activity in the brain and lungs and cyanide concentration in organs from mice cadavers (frozen) were measurable beyond 21 days. This study will be helpful in postmortem determination of cyanide poisoning.
Postcranial Sex Estimation Criteria for Mexican Hispanics
Authors: Spradley M. Katherine , Anderson Bruce E. , Tise Meredith L. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractPopulation‐specific reference data are necessary for sex estimation in forensic anthropological practice. Currently, there are no population‐specific data for Hispanics equivalent to data available for American Blacks and Whites. Individuals of Mexican origin represent the largest group of Hispanics in the United States (Spradley and Jantz. 2011. J Forensic Sci;56:289). This paper presents new population‐specific sex estimation criteria for postcranial measurements for Mexican Hispanics. Metric data come from positively identified border‐crossing fatalities at the Pima County Office of the Medical Examiner and documented cemetery collections curated at Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México and Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán. Stepwise variable selection procedures and discriminant function analyses were utilized to generate classification functions for postcrania. Sectioning points were also created for select measurements. Both the cross‐validated classification rates and sectioning points achieved accuracy rates as high as 95% and 92%, respectively. These new criteria will improve sex estimation for US Mexico border crossers and Hispanics in the US.
Contribution of RpoS to metabolic efficiency and ectoines synthesis during the osmo‐ and heat‐stress response in the halophilic bacterium Chromohalobacter salexigens
Authors: Salvador Manuel , Argandoña Montserrat , Pastor Jose M. , Bernal Vicente , Cánovas Manuel , Csonka Laszlo N. , Nieto Joaquín J. , Vargas Carmen 
Published: November 2014

SummaryChromohalobacter salexigens is a halophilic γ‐proteobacterium that responds to osmotic and heat stresses by accumulating ectoine and hydroxyectoine respectively. Evolution has optimized its metabolism to support high production of ectoines. We analysed the effect of an rpoS mutation in C. salexigens metabolism and ectoines synthesis. In long‐term adapted cells, the rpoS strain was osmosensitive but not thermosensitive and showed unaltered ectoines content, suggesting that RpoS regulates ectoine(s)‐independent osmoadaptive mechanisms. RpoS is involved in the regulation of C. salexigens metabolic adaptation to stress, as early steps of glucose oxidation through the Entner–Doudoroff pathway were deregulated in the rpoS mutant, leading to improved metabolic efficiency at low salinity. Moreover, a reduced pyruvate (but not acetate) overflow was displayed by the rpoS strain at low salt, probably linked to a slowdown in gluconate production and/or subsequent metabolism. Interestingly, RpoS does not seem to be the main regulator triggering the immediate transcriptional response of ectoine synthesis to osmotic or thermal upshifts. However, it contributed to the expression of the ect genes in cells previously adapted to low or high salinity.
Predicting Naltrexone Response in Alcohol‐Dependent Patients: The Contribution of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Mann Karl , Vollstädt‐Klein Sabine , Reinhard Iris , Leménager Tagrid , Fauth‐Bühler Mira , Hermann Derik , Hoffmann Sabine , Zimmermann Ulrich S. , Kiefer Falk , Heinz Andreas , Smolka Michael N. 
Published: November 2014

BackgroundEffect sizes of pharmacotherapy in alcoholism are modest. They might improve if subjects could be divided into more homogeneous subgroups and would then be treated targeted to their neurobiological profile. In such an effort, we tested neural cue reactivity as a potential predictor of treatment response to naltrexone. Alcohol‐associated cues cause brain activations in mesocorticolimbic networks due to the positive reinforcing properties of alcohol. These activations were reported to be associated with relapse behavior. Naltrexone, an antagonist at the mu‐opioid receptor, improves drinking behavior in some but not all patients probably by blocking the positive reinforcement of alcohol. Conversely, acamprosate is proposed to modulate negative reinforcement (withdrawal and cue‐induced withdrawal). Identifying subjects with elevated cue reactivity and testing their response to medical treatment could thus improve our understanding of some of the mechanisms underlying pharmacotherapy response.MethodsA picture‐perception task featuring alcohol‐related and neutral stimuli was presented to 64 recently detoxified alcohol‐dependent patients. Patients came from 1 center of a larger double‐blind randomized multicenter clinical trial (the “PREDICT Study”). They were scanned prior to being randomized to either naltrexone or acamprosate. We examined the interaction between medication and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) cue reactivity, as measured by the percentage of voxels activated, using the time to the first severe relapse as the outcome criterion. Our a priori formulated hypothesis was that naltrexone but not acamprosate should be efficacious in subjects with high cue reactivity.ResultsWe observed an interaction effect between pretreatment brain activation induced by alcohol images and medication (acamprosate/naltrexone) on relapse behavior. In line with our hypothesis, this interaction was driven by treatment response to naltrexone in patients with elevated pretreatment cue reactivity in the ventral striatum.ConclusionsfMRI has the potential for predicting treatment response to naltrexone in a subgroup of alcohol‐dependent patients. However, this approach will be limited to researching the mechanisms and principles of treatment response.