bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of the COURAGE Built Environment Self‐Reported Questionnaire
Authors: Raggi Alberto , Quintas Rui , Bucciarelli Paola , Franco Maria Grazia , Andreotti Alessandra , Miret Marta , Zawisza Katarzyna , Olaya Beatriz , Chatterji Somnath , Sainio Päivi , Frisoni Giovanni Battista , Martinuzzi Andrea , Minicuci Nadia , Power Mick , Leonardi Matilde 
Published: July 2013

The built environment (BE) impacts on people's disability and health, in terms of overweight, depression, alcohol abuse, poor self‐rated health and presence of psychological symptoms; it is reasonable to assume that BE also impacts on participation levels. This paper presents the validation of the COURAGE Built Environment Self‐Reported Questionnaire (CBE‐SR), an instrument designed to evaluate BE in the context of health and disability.Subjects participating to COURAGE, a cross‐sectional study conducted on 10 800 citizens of Poland, Finland and Spain, completed a protocol inclusive of the CBE‐SR. Psychometric properties and factor structure were analysed, and factor scores created. Gender differences, differences between persons from different age groups and persons reporting the environment as facilitating, hindering or neutral were calculated.Eight items were deleted so that the final version of CBE‐SR comprises 19 items. Cronbach's alpha ranged from 0.743 to 0.906, and test–retest stability was demonstrated for the majority of items. Four subscales were identified: Usability of the neighbourhood environment; Hindrance of walkable environment; Easiness of use of public buildings, places and facilities; and Risk of accidents and usability of the living place. Younger respondents reported their neighbourhood as more usable but perceived walkways as more hindering and public buildings as less easy to use; gender differences were almost inexistent.The CBE‐SR is a four‐scale instrument with good psychometric properties that measures the person–environment interaction. It is sensitive across age groups and is consistent with the subject's overall judgement of the degree to which the environment is facilitating or hindering. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message

Poor built environments have a negative impact on the level of a person's participation. However, instruments measuring the person–environment interaction are lacking.
The CBE‐SR is a valid and reliable instrument that researchers can use to assess the relationships between the intrinsic health state and the objective features of the environment.
Understanding this relationship would provide further insight into the need of addressing the individual's functioning either by means of interventions directed to the individual or by making changes to the individual's environment.
Prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Argentina 1979‐2012
Authors: Barengo Noël C. , Trejo Ruby , Sposetti Georgina 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe objective of this review was to revise the existing information regarding type 2 diabetes (T2D) prevalence in the Argentine population during the past 30 years and to see whether the available data and methodology of the studies conducted allow analysis of time trends. The PubMED and LILACS databases were searched using the search terms “diabetes prevalence” and “Argentina”. A total of 301 studies were identified and 19 of them remained in the review after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The studies reviewed covered a time period of 30 years (1979‐2012). The studies conducted in Argentina during the last 30 years assessing the prevalence of T2D are very heterogeneous. The majority of the studies were conducted in the province of Buenos Aires. As the assessment of T2D varied between the studies in respect of diagnostic criteria and diagnostic tests for T2D, meaningful comparisons are difficult to make, not to mention an analysis of time trends. All in all, the T2D prevalence seems to be at least 10% in the Argentina population. However, the latest large population surveys conducted in Argentina is promising and may offer the most reliable estimates of the T2D prevalence even though the diagnosis of T2D was based on participant self‐report. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
β‐Carotene, α‐tocopherol and ascorbic acid: differential profile of antioxidant, inflammatory status and regulation of gene expression in human mononuclear cells of diabetic donors
Authors: de Oliveira Barbara Fonseca , Costa Daniela Caldeira , Nogueira‐Machado José Augusto , Chaves Miriam Martins 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundDiabetic patients are exposed to increased oxidative stress due to several mechanisms, mainly hyperglycaemia. Pathological processes, such as those in type 1 diabetes, include diminished activity of the antioxidant defense system(s) or excessive oxidative generation resulting in an oxidative/antioxidant imbalance and development of oxidative stress.MethodsThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (chemiluminescence) and reduction capacity (MTT dye reduction), the expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase subunits, superoxide dismutase and catalase using quantitative reverse‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, and the levels of cytokines [interleukin (IL)‐6, tumour necrosis factor‐α, IL‐8, IL‐10 and IL‐4] by sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay in mononuclear cells from non‐diabetic and diabetic donors treated with a vitamin complex (ascorbic acid, β‐carotene and α‐tocopherol) in two different concentrations ([A] = ascorbic acid = 0.08 µM, α‐tocopherol = 0.04 µM, β‐carotene = 0.0008 µM and [20A] = ascorbic acid = 1.6 µM, α‐tocopherol = 0.82 µM, β‐carotene = 0.016 µM).ResultsConcentration [A] was antioxidant reducing ROS production, expression of NADPH oxidase subunits and pro‐inflammatory cytokines while raising the expression of antioxidant enzymes and reducing pro‐inflammatory cytokines in both groups. Concentration [20A] was pro‐oxidant by raising ROS production, NADPH oxidase subunits and pro‐inflammatory cytokines and reducing antioxidant enzymes and anti‐inflammatory cytokines in the non‐diabetic group but antioxidant in cells of type 1 diabetic patients by raising antioxidant enzymes and anti‐inflammatory cytokines and reducing pro‐inflammatory cytokines.ConclusionThe vitamin complex has a dual effect, pro‐oxidant and antioxidant, being also dose dependent with different profiles of cells of non‐diabetic and type 1 diabetic patients. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Autoantibodies against zinc transporter 8 are related to age, metabolic state and HLA DR genotype in children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes
Authors: Salonen K. M. , Ryhänen S. , Härkönen T. , Ilonen J. , Knip M. ,   Finnish Pediatric Diabetes Register
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundWe set out to define the characteristics of humoral autoimmunity against ZnT8 in children and adolescents with newly diagnosed T1D in relation to age and metabolic status at diagnosis, human leucocyte antigen (HLA) genotype and family history of T1D.MethodsA total of 2115 subjects <15 years of age were analysed for antibodies against zinc transporter 8, ICA, GADA, IAA, IA‐2A, HLA DR‐DQ genotype, blood pH, plasma glucose and β‐hydroxybutyrate concentrations. Their family history of T1D was also recorded.ResultsZinc transporter 8 antibodies (ZnT8A) were detected in 63% of the cases. ZnT8A positivity was associated with older age at diagnosis (mean 8.2 years versus 7.5 years, p < 0.001). Seven subjects (0.3%) had ZnT8A as their single autoantibody. Diabetic ketoacidosis at diagnosis was less common among subjects with ZnT8A than among those without (16% versus 20%, p = 0.012). The prevalence of ZnT8A was decreased in DR3/DR4 heterozygotes when compared with those with other DR combinations (p < 0.001). Subjects with the neutral DR13‐DQB1*0604 haplotype tested more frequently positive for ZnT8A than the rest of the population (p < 0.001). A positive family history of T1D showed no association with ZnT8A prevalence or levels.ConclusionsAntibodies for ZnT8 is related to age and metabolic status at diagnosis as well as HLA genotype but does not significantly improve the detection rate of β‐cell autoimmunity in Finnish children and adolescents affected by T1D. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experimental Study of DBD Plasma Actuator with Combination of AC and Nanosecond Pulse Voltage
Authors: Kimura Taichi , Udagawa (Takashima) Keisuke , Yamasaki Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2013

SummaryIn the last decade, dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma actuators using a combination voltage of AC and a nanosecond pulse have been studied. The combined‐voltage‐driven plasma actuator increases the body force effect, including wall jet and flow suction, by overlapping the nanosecond pulse voltage, while the DBD plasma actuator driven by nanosecond pulses is a flow control actuator generating compression waves due to pulse heating, which makes it possible to supply an active flow control at a high‐speed flow, reported as up to Mach 0.7. In this study, a DBD plasma actuator driven by a combination voltage of sinusoidal AC and nanosecond pulse was experimentally investigated. The time‐averaged net thrust and cycle‐averaged power consumption of the actuator were characterized by using an electrical weight balance and the charge‐voltage cycle of a DBD plasma actuator, respectively. The plasma actuator thrust driven with the combination voltage showed increased thrust with increasing pulse repetition rate. The energy consumption of the actuator was controlled by varying the AC phase when the nanosecond pulse was applied. Therefore, the thrust and power consumption in the actuator were almost independently controlled by the pulse repetition rate and the pulse imposed phase.
Assessment of Japan's Optimal Power Generation Mix Considering Massive Deployment of Variable Renewable Power Generation
Authors: Komiyama Ryoichi , Fujii Yasumasa 
Published: July 2013

SummaryThis paper analyzes Japan's optimal power generation mix considering massive deployment of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems and wind power generation. The extensive introduction of PV systems and wind power system is expected to play an important role in addressing energy security and climate change concerns in Japan. Considering this expected large‐scale deployment of PV systems in the electric power system, it is necessary to investigate the optimal power generation mix which is technologically capable of controlling and accommodating the intermittent output‐power fluctuations inherent in PV and wind energy systems. Against these backgrounds, we develop an optimal power generation mix model, explicitly analyzing the impact of output fluctuation in variable renewables in the detailed resolution of time intervals like 10 minutes for 365 consecutive days, with the role of stationary battery technology incorporated. Simulation results reveal that considerable deployment of those variable renewables does not necessarily require a scale of battery capacity similar to that of the variable renewable capacity, due to quick load‐following treatment by thermal power plants, pumped‐storage hydropower, and battery technology over renewable output fluctuation.
A Family of RuII Photosensitizers with High Singlet Oxygen Quantum Yield: Synthesis, Characterization, and Evaluation
Authors: Pefkianakis Eleftherios K. , Christodouleas Dionysios , Giokas Dimosthenis L. , Papadopoulos Kyriakos , Vougioukalakis Georgios C. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractA series of RuII‐based photosensitizers were synthesized and extensively characterized. The ligand utilized to coordinate ruthenium was a pyridine–quinoline hybrid bearing an anthracene moiety, and it was combined with commercially available 2,2′‐bipyridine (bpy) for the heteroleptic complexes. The produced bichromophoric complexes show very strong and wide UV/Vis absorption bands. The ability of these complexes to act as triplet photosensitizers in the production of singlet oxygen was thoroughly studied by utilizing the photooxidation of 1,3‐diphenylisobenzofuran as the test reaction. The most efficient photosensitizer in this new family of RuII complexes affords singlet oxygen quantum yields and production‐rate efficiencies up to two times higher than those of the benchmark [Ru(bpy)3]2+ parent complex.
Anion Exchange in Coordination‐Network Materials
Authors: Phuengphai Pongthipun , Massera Chiara , Reedijk Jan , Youngme Sujittra , Gamez Patrick 
Published: July 2013

AbstractSix coordination polymers, namely, the three‐dimensional frameworks {[Zn3(4,4′‐bpy)3.5(μ‐O2CH)4(H2O)2](ClO4)2(H2O)2}n (1, 4,4′‐bpy = 4,4′‐bipyridine) and {[Zn3(4,4′‐bpy)3.5(μ‐O2CH)4(H2O)2](PF6)2}n (2), the two‐dimensional networks {[Zn(4,4′‐bpy)(μ‐O2CH)(H2O)2](CF3SO3)(H2O)}n (3) and {[Zn3(4,4′‐bpy)4(μ‐O2CCH2CH3)4](ClO4)2(4,4′‐bpy)2(H2O)4}n (4), the one‐dimensional double‐stranded zigzag chain {[Zn3(4,4′‐bpy)4(μ‐O2CCH2CH3)4(H2O)2](PF6)2(H2O)2}n (5), and the one‐dimensional double‐ladder chain {[Zn2(4,4′‐bpy)2(μ‐O2CCH2CH3)2(H2O)2](CF3SO3)2}n (6), have been prepared. The solid‐state structures of the six compounds all exhibit void spaces that contain anions and neutral guest molecules, namely, water for 1, 3 and 5, and water/4,4′‐bpy for 4. The anion‐exchange properties of the compounds have been investigated by monitoring the substitution of the ions by infrared spectroscopy. Furthermore, X‐ray powder diffraction studies and elemental analyses have been used to further confirm the anion exchange. The results show that the anions in all compounds can be replaced with ClO4– or PF6– for 1, 2, 4, and 5, ClO4– and PF6– for 3, and ClO4–, PF6–, and BF4– for 6. Furthermore, compound 1 shows interesting reversible anion‐exchange properties in aqueous solution.
Extending the Family of N‐Heterocyclic Heavy Carbene Analogues: Synthesis and Crystal and Molecular Structures of MeN[CH2C(O)N(R)]2Sn (R = Me2NCH2CH2, PhCH2, Me3CCH2)
Authors: Iovkova‐Berends Ljuba , Seiger Miriam , Westfeld Thomas , Hoffmann Alexander , Herres‐Pawlis Sonja , Jurkschat Klaus 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWe report herein the synthesis of the N‐methyl‐N′N″‐diorganoiminodiacetic acid diamides MeN[CH2C(O)N(R)H]2 [3: R = Me2N(CH2)2; 4: R = PhCH2; 5: R = Me3CCH2] and the novel tin(II) derivatives MeN[CH2C(O)N(R)]2Sn [6: R = Me2N(CH2)2; 7: R = PhCH2; 8: R = Me3CCH2]. The compounds were characterized by elemental analyses, 1H NMR spectroscopy (3–5), solid‐state 13C and 119Sn NMR spectroscopy (8), and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis (5, 8). Compound 8 shows intramolecular N→Sn and intermolecular O→Sn interactions with distances of 2.370(2) and 2.406(2) Å, respectively, the latter indicating that 8 is a coordination polymer. DFT calculations revealed covalent Sn–NC(O) and coordinative N→Sn and C=O→Sn bonds. The wB97Xd functional, which takes into account dispersive interactions, was employed for a correct theoretical description of, in particular, the latter bond.
Microwave‐Assisted Catalytic Amination of Phenothiazine; Reliable Access to Phenothiazine Analogues of Tröger's Base
Authors: Găină Luiza I. , Mătărângă‐Popa Larisa N. , Gal Emese , Boar Paul , Lönnecke Peter , Hey‐Hawkins Evamarie , Bischin Cristina , Silaghi‐Dumitrescu Radu , Lupan Iulia , Cristea Castelia , Silaghi‐Dumitrescu Luminiţa 
Published: July 2013

AbstractEfficient protocols for microwave‐assisted catalyzed amination of halogeno‐phenothiazines are described. Phenothiazine analogues of Tröger's base (PTB) were obtained by condensation of amino‐phenothiazines with formaldehyde in HCl/EtOH/H2O and structurally characterized by NMR and XRD analyses. The formation of PTB isomers was predicted by computational analysis based on theoretical methods (DFT and HF). Electronic properties of the parent amino‐phenothiazines and PTB were assessed on the basis of cyclic voltammetry and UV/Vis absorption/emission spectroscopy data. The compounds exhibit blue fluorescence emission characterized by extremely large Stokes shifts (8900–10300 cm–1) in both dilute solutions and aggregated states. Interactions with different types of biomolecules show the capacity of binding to proteins and DNA, with effects on prooxidant reactivity including lipid peroxidation.
One‐Pot, Solvent‐Free Access to Unsymmetrical Ureas by Palladium‐Catalysed Reductive Alkylation Using Molecular Hydrogen
Authors: Mohy El Dine Tharwat , Chapron Simon , Duclos Marie‐Christine , Duguet Nicolas , Popowycz Florence , Lemaire Marc 
Published: July 2013

AbstractPalladium‐catalysed reductive alkylation of monosubstituted ureas has been studied in the presence of aldehydes and using molecular hydrogen as a clean reductant. Unsymmetrical N,N′‐disubstituted ureas were formed in good to excellent isolated yields (60–93 %) without the production of salt waste. This reaction was incorporated to a one‐pot, solvent‐free sequence involving the alkylation of monosubstituted ureas generated in situ from the corresponding amines.
Mild Palladium‐Catalyzed Regioselective Direct Arylation of Azoles Promoted by Tetrabutylammonium Acetate
Authors: Bellina Fabio , Lessi Marco , Manzini Chiara 
Published: July 2013

AbstractA mild, general, and convenient palladium‐catalyzed direct arylation of the 5‐position of azoles with aryl bromides, efficiently promoted by tetrabutylammonium acetate, is described. 1‐Methylpyrazole, oxazole, and thiazole reacted at 70 °C in N,N‐dimethylacetamide by using Pd(OAc)2 as the catalyst precursor. Electron‐poor and ‐rich functional groups, including the free hydroxy group, are well tolerated in the electrophilic partner. A variety of 5‐aryl‐1‐methylimidazoles were also very efficiently obtained simply by raising the reaction temperature to 110 °C. This ligand‐free protocol was successfully applied to the one‐pot synthesis of two bioactive natural compounds, balsoxin and texaline, starting from oxazole by sequential direct arylation of the 5‐ and 2‐positions.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reaction of Functionalized Aryl‐ and Hetero­arylbismuthanes with 2‐Halo(or 2‐Triflyl)­azines and ‐diazines
Authors: Petiot Pauline , Gagnon Alexandre 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling of highly functionalized organobismuthanes with 2‐halo(or 2‐triflyl)pyridines, ‐pyrimidines, ‐pyrazines, and ‐pyridazines is reported. The reaction tolerates numerous functional groups, including aldehydes. The synthesis of a shelf‐stable (formylphenyl)bismuth reagent and its use in a cross‐coupling reaction is also described.
Deep seismic reflection profile in Central Europe reveals complex pattern of Paleozoic and Alpine accretion at the East European Craton margin
Authors: Malinowski M. , Guterch A. , Narkiewicz M. , Probulski J. , Maksym A. , Majdański M. , Środa P. , Czuba W. , Gaczyński E. , Grad M. , Janik T. , Jankowski L. , Adamczyk A. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe first deep reflection seismic profile was acquired across the Teisseyre‐Tornquist Zone (TTZ), a major European suture zone, southeast of the Avalonia‐Baltica collision zone, portraying different tectonic deformation styles (thick‐ versus thin‐skinned) and Phanerozoic crustal accretion episodes over a relatively short distance (240 km). The overall crustal structure preserves image of the Neoproterozoic passive margin setting but with a significant overprint of the repetitive tectonic convergence (Cadomian to Alpine) acting at the Baltica margin. In contrast to the Avalonia‐Baltica collision zone, here the polygenetic crustal accretion occurring at the cratonic margin was ultimately shaped by significant strike‐slip faulting. TTZ is imaged as a narrow (10–15 km) transform zone separating the thinned East European cratonic crust from the Małopolska Block.
MRT letter: A total variation based method for 3D shape recovery of microscopic objects through image focus
Authors: Mahmood Muhammad Tariq 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTGenerally, shape from focus methods use a single focus measure to compute focus quality and to obtain an initial depth map of an object. However, different focus measures perform differently in diverse conditions. Therefore, it is hard to get accurate 3D shape based on a single focus measure. In this article, we propose a total variation based method for recovering 3D shape of an object by combining multiple depth hypothesis obtained through different focus measures. Improved performance of the proposed method is evaluated by conducting several experiments using images of synthetic and real microscopic objects. Comparative analysis demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Microsc. Res. Tech. 76:877–881, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Automatic particle detection in microscopy using temporal correlations
Authors: Röding Magnus , Deschout Hendrik , Martens Thomas , Notelaers Kristof , Hofkens Johan , Ameloot Marcel , Braeckmans Kevin , Särkkä Aila , Rudemo Mats 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTOne of the fundamental problems in the analysis of single particle tracking data is the detection of individual particle positions from microscopy images. Distinguishing true particles from noise with a minimum of false positives and false negatives is an important step that will have substantial impact on all further analysis of the data. A common approach is to obtain a plausible set of particles from a larger set of candidate particles by filtering using manually selected threshold values for intensity, size, shape, and other parameters describing a particle. This introduces subjectivity into the analysis and hinders reproducibility. In this paper, we introduce a method for automatic selection of these threshold values based on maximizing temporal correlations in particle count time series. We use Markov Chain Monte Carlo to find the threshold values corresponding to the maximum correlation, and we study several experimental data sets to assess the performance of the method in practice by comparing manually selected threshold values from several independent experts with automatically selected threshold values. We conclude that the method produces useful results, reducing subjectivity and the need for manual intervention, a great benefit being its easy integratability into many already existing particle detection algorithms. Microsc. Res. Tech., 76:997–1006, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
ERM or ERM? That is the question!
Authors: Oppenberg Andrew A. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractI can answer the above question posed in the title of this issue's message with a resounding “Yes.” It is both ERM and ERM! Please allow me to translate this “Andyism.” ERM stands for both Enterprise Risk Management and “Everyone is a Risk Manager”—meaning risk crosses all boundaries throughout the healthcare enterprise; we all play an important role in keeping patients safe.
Sociocultural differences, medicolegal implications, and risk management issues in the medical care of an elderly Chinese woman
Authors: O'Donnell Deborah , Worly Brett , Forrester Anique , Vajjhala Vinay , Becker Madeleine 
Published: July 2013

AbstractLarge urban hospitals and their physicians confronted with unanticipated admissions involving international patients may often experience cross‐cultural conflicts arising in the course of a patient's medical care. Conflicts of this nature can place the healthcare team, the patient, and the family at odds due to their respective traditions and the laws, regulations, and guidelines upheld and followed in the United States. The following is a complicated case illustrating a variety of legal, ethical, and clinical issues for Patient XX, an international patient emergently presenting to a large US medical health system for diagnosis and treatment.