bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Communicable Disease and Homeland Security: An Assessment of the US 2014 Ebola Incident
Authors: Taylor Eric R. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
During October 2014, the US experienced several cases of Ebola viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF). These occurrences arose from infected people entering the US including as well, physicians and nurses contracting the disease in the course of rendering medical care to the infected. The extent of the outbreak, as limited as it fortunately was, revealed problems in preparedness and the technical protocols followed in dealing with such a virulent disease pathogen. It may even serve as a warning that US policies and practices in dealing with hyper-infectious and seriously communicable disease have fallen short and require technically critical reassessment in how the US should or may need to respond to such incurable pathogens that enter the country, regardless if a natural or a terrorist mediated event. The issue of individual rights against quarantine also arises. This paper offers examination and suggestions for official responses to safeguard the health and rights of all.
[4-tBu-2,6-{P(O)(OiPr)2}2C6H2Sn(PPh3)Cr(CO)5]ClO4 – a salt containing a cationic triphenylphosphane-stabilized organostannylene transition metal complex
Authors: Wagner Michael , Zöller Thomas , Dietz Christina , Jurkschat Klaus 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe isolation and molecular structure of bis(di-
Public Policy Design: How to Learn From Failures
Authors: Coletti Paola 
Published: October 2015

AbstractLearning from the successes and failures of others is a necessity in the field of public sector innovation. The rapid diffusion of policy innovations in different countries has been characterized by a schizophrenic adoption of practices with governments utilizing those considered the “best” as well as those deemed capable of actually providing solutions to policy problems. Nevertheless, the replication of policy innovations in different countries has been met with varying degrees of success. The adoption of the Standard Cost Model in a number of European countries, a methodology to measure red tape and improve the quality of regulation provides an excellent example of this due to it being met with success in some countries while failing inexplicably in others.
Reducing Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinase 1 Expression Improves Spatial Memory and Synaptic Plasticity in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Caccamo Antonella , Branca Caterina , Talboom Joshua S. , Shaw Darren M. , Turner Dharshaun , Ma Luyao , Messina Angela , Huang Zebing , Wu Jie , Oddo Salvatore 
Published: October 2015

Aging is the most important risk factor associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, the molecular mechanisms linking aging to AD remain unclear. Suppression of the ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) increases healthspan and lifespan in several organisms, from nematodes to mammals. Here we show that S6K1 expression is upregulated in the brains of AD patients. Using a mouse model of AD, we found that genetic reduction of S6K1 improved synaptic plasticity and spatial memory deficits, and reduced the accumulation of amyloid-β and tau, the two neuropathological hallmarks of AD. Mechanistically, these changes were linked to reduced translation of tau and the β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1, a key enzyme in the generation of amyloid-β. Our results implicate S6K1 dysregulation as a previously unidentified molecular mechanism underlying synaptic and memory deficits in AD. These findings further suggest that therapeutic manipulation of S6K1 could be a valid approach to mitigate AD pathology.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAging is the most important risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, little is known about how it contributes to AD pathogenesis. S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) is a protein kinase involved in regulation of protein translation. Reducing S6K1 activity increases lifespan and healthspan. We report the novel finding that reducing S6K1 activity in 3xTg-AD mice ameliorates synaptic and cognitive deficits. These improvement were associated with a reduction in amyloid-β and tau pathology. Mechanistically, lowering S6K1 levels reduced translation of β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 and tau, two key proteins involved in AD pathogenesis. These data suggest that S6K1 may represent a molecular link between aging and AD. Given that aging is the most important risk factor for most neurodegenerative diseases, our results may have far-reaching implications into other diseases.
KONSTRUKSI EPISTEMOLOGIS PENALARAN HUKUM IMAM SYÂFI’Î Asep Opik Akbar
Authors: Akbar Asep Opik 
Published: October 2015

Epistemological Construction of Imam Syâfi’î Legal Reasoning. Imam Syâfi’î has a major contribution in laying the foundation and methodological principles of Islamic law (ushûl al-fiqh), supporting a strong unity between the Alquran and the Sunah as well as providing a level of convergence between the reasoning of ahl al-hadîtsand ahl al-ra’y. The methodology offered by Imam Syâfi’î is well suited and relevant to the context of the social and cultural conditions of the time. This article elaborates more comprehensively on the legal reasoning offered by the Imam Syâfi’î. However, in the current context, the process of legal reasoning that is offered by Imam Syâfi’î deserves further study considering the different challenges and opportunities. Other ijtihâdmethods need to be considered in the legal process at this time.DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v14i2.1277
أثر قول الصحابي في الفقه الإسلامي
Authors: هناء سيتي 
Published: October 2015

The influence of Qawl al-Shahâbî in Islamic Law.Islamic law is dynamic because it always responds to legal problems that concern social life. This dynamic has been supported by the limitless sources of Islamic law. There are two types of Islamic sources: undebatable sources (muttafaq ‘alayh) such as Alquran, hadîts, ijmâ’and qiyas, and debatable sources (mukhtalaf fîh) such as maslahah mursalah, istihsân, ‘urf, qawl al-shahâbî, istishhâband sadd al-dzarâ’i’. Qawl al-Shahâbîhas an important position in the formation of Islamic law because the fuqahâmuch refer to them when wanting to issue fatwâ. The disagreements of ulama over evidence do not die on rejection, but intensify on the use of the law as the main source.DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v14i2.1290
Epicladium Small or Guarianthe Dressler & W.E. Higgins (Orchidaceae)?
Authors: Beckner John 
Published: October 2015

El nombre genérico Guarianthe Dressler&W.E.Higgins ha sido poco aceptado por los horticultores. Si se trata de un género diferente a Cattleya Lindl., este hecho es significativo. Todas las especies de Guarianthe tienen gran importancia hortícola y han dado origen a miles de híbridos artificiales. En todo caso, Guarianthe no puede ser reemplazado por Epicladium Small, el cual se basa en Epidendrum boothianum. Ambos nombres genéricos no son equivalentes.
HISTOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE QUILTY EFFECT
Authors: Iljinsky I. M. , Alexeeva L. S. , Kurenkova L. G. , Shevchenko A. O. , Saitgareev R. Sh. , Poptsov V. N. 
Published: October 2015

Aim. Identifi cation of possible histological differences of the Quilty effect in acute rejection and its absence as well as studying the proliferation of blood and lymph vessels in the area of Quilty damage.Materials and methods. 883 endomyocardial biopsy materials from 352 patients were studied. Histological sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Masson method; the endothelium of lymphatic vessels was stained with immunoperoxidase method using a marker D2-40.Results. The Quilty effect was observed both in acute rejection and inits absence. In the majority of cases the Quilty effect was of type «A» and it was combined with acute rejection. The Quilty effect of type «B» has been mostly in the G2R. Acute rejection is characterized by diffuse form of endocardium lymphoid infi ltration. Follicular form resembles lymphoid organ tissue. Different types and forms of the Quilty effect may be combined in the same biopsy. Proliferation of blood vessels presents in the area of the Quilty effect. Lymphatic vessels are missing in endocardium and in the area of the Quilty effect. They could be found only in the myocardium of endomiocardial biopsy.Conclusion. Diffuse lymphoid infi ltration of the endocardium is a characteristic feature of acute rejection of the transplanted heart. Follicular form of the Quilty effect is similar to lymphoid tissue whose role requires further study using immunohistochemical methods.
DYNAMICS OF IRIG IN TREATMENT OF HEART TRANSPLANT REJECTIONS
Authors: Shevchenko A. O. , Tyunyaeva I. Yu. , Nasyrova A. A. , Mozheiko N. P. , Gautier S. V. 
Published: October 2015

In cardiac recipients non-invasive monitoring will identify the risk of acute rejection, as well as reduce the number of routine biopsies. The relation between the development of the transplanted heart rejection and the change of elastic properties of common carotid artery has been proved. Aim: to analyze dynamics of iRIG in treatment of graft rejection in heart recipients.Materials and methods. 59 heart recipients were examined: 21 patients (pts)without rejection, 20 pts – with rejection after 1st biopsy, 15 pts – with rejection after 1st and 2 biopsies, 3 pts – with persistent rejection after all biopsies. iRIG was estimated using empirical equation.Results. Dynamics of iRIG in pts. without rejection according to all biopsies over time was not signifi cantly changed 6280 ± 2143, 6083 ± 2388, 6362 ± 1984 and 6188 ± 3012 cm/sec2 (p = 0.11, p = 0.13, p = 0.17 between the 1st and 2nd, 2nd and 3rd, 3rd and 4th values, respectively). In pts. with rejection iRIG decreased during treatment, but was signifi cantly higher even after successful treatment. In patients with persistent rejection iRIG did not decrease and tended to increase (17 459 ± 9702 cm/sec2 on the results of the 1st biopsy to 21 305 ± 10 448 cm/sec2 on the results of the 4th biopsy).Conclusions. In patients with heart transplant iRIG does not change signifi cantly with the time after transplantation. iRIG increases in all types of rejection, followed by its decrease in the course of therapy; in patients with persistent rejection iRIG remains high. Evaluation of iRIG can be used for non-invasive monitoring of patients after heart transplantations (HTx) and to identify patients at high risk of transplant rejection.
THERAPEUTIC ANGIOGENESIS BY GROWTH FACTORS AND BONE MARROW MONONUCLEAR CELLS ADMINISTRATION: BIOLOGICAL FOUNDATION AND CLINICAL PROSPECTS
Authors: Bulgin D. V. , Andreeva O. V. 
Published: October 2015

Angiogenesis is the process of new capillary formation by migration and proliferation of differentiated endothelial cells from pre-existing microvascular network. A number of angiogenic molecules and cell populations are involved in this complex of new vessel formation cascades resulting in the determination and organization of new tridimensional vascular network. The goal of therapeutic angiogenesis is to stimulate angiogenesis to improve perfusion, to deliver survival factors to sites of tissue repair, to mobilize regenerative stem cell populations, andultimately to restore form and function to the tissue. Growth factors and bone marrow as a source of bone marrow mononuclear cells represent a very interesting research fi eld for the realization of therapeutic angiogenesis in ischemic tissues. They provide a potential key component in the healing processes of ischemic injured tissues.
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist Cotreatment During Chemotherapy May Increase Pregnancy Rate in Survivors
Authors: Blumenfeld Zeev , Zur Hilli , Dann Eldad J. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract

Background.
The use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs (GnRHas) for fertility preservation is not unequivocally accepted. It is controversial whether GnRHa can increase the pregnancy rate in survivors.

Patients and Methods.
This is a retrospective cohort study. Every patient referred for fertility preservation was offered cryopreservation of embryos, ova, and ovarian tissue and GnRHa. The patients were consecutively included. The primary outcome was spontaneous pregnancies. The secondary outcome was cyclic ovarian function (COF) versus premature ovarian failure (POF). These outcomes were assessed 2 years or more after chemotherapy.

Results.
We compared 286 patients who received gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) with chemotherapy with 188 patients who were treated with chemotherapy alone. Ovarian function could be determined in 217 patients. Overall, 87% (127 of 146) of the patients in the GnRHa group retained COF and 13% (19 of 146) suffered POF, whereas in the control group, 49% (35 of 71) experienced COF and 51% (36 of 71) suffered POF (p = .0001). The odds ratio (OR) for preserving COF was 6.87 for the patients who received GnRHa (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.4–13.4). Overall 60% (112 of 188) of the survivors conceived: 69.3% (84 of 122) of the patients in the GnRHa group compared with 42.4% (28 of 66) in the control group (p = .006). In the GnRHa group, 123 healthy newborns were delivered, versus 40 in the controls. Spontaneous pregnancies occurred in 65.6% (80 of 122) of the survivors in the GnRHa group versus 37.9% (25 of 66) in the control group (p = .0004, OR 3.12, 95% CI 1.7–5.8).

Conclusion.
Adding GnRHa to chemotherapy significantly increases the OR for spontaneous conception, in addition to COF. It is suggested that GnRHa cotreatment should be added before and during gonadotoxic chemotherapy.

Implications for Practice:
The use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs (GnRHa) for fertility preservation is not unequivocally accepted and is even controversial. This study compared 286 patients who received GnRHa with chemotherapy with 188 patients who were treated with chemotherapy alone. Ovarian function could be determined in 217 patients. The odds ratio for preserving cyclic ovarian function was 6.87 for the patients who received GnRHa. Furthermore, the total and spontaneous pregnancy rate was significantly higher for those who received the agonist (p = .006). Adding GnRHa to chemotherapy significantly increased the odds ratio for spontaneous conception, in addition to preserving regular ovarian function. It is suggested that GnRHa cotreatment should be administered to young women in conjunction with gonadotoxic chemotherapy.
MMP-9 Level Comparation between Spontaneous Abortion and Normal Pregnancy
Authors: Suryawan Aloysius , Mose Johanes C , Handono Budi 
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUND: Abortion remains a problem in the obstetric care as it is one of the causes of maternal and fetal death. Bleeding or miscarriage threat in the first trimester comprises 20% to 25% of all pregnant women, and 50% of them will end as spontaneous abortion. The major cause of maternal death in abortion is hemorrhage. Some recent studies have indicated that MMP-9 is important in the process of embryo implantation into the endometrium and spontaneous abortion occurs when there is an overwhelming increase of MMP-9. This data indicate the importance of a further research to elucidate the role of MMP-9 in spontaneous abortion.METHODS: This was a cross sectional study, included 70 pregnant women with gestational age <20 weeks who came for examination and treatment at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty of Padjadjaran University/Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung. RESULTS: There were differences in the MMP-9 levels in spontaneous abortion compared to normal pregnancy and MMP-9 had a cut-off point >1221.7 with the sensitivity of 48.6% specificity of 80%, and accuracy of 60.9%.SUMMARY: The MMP-9 level in spontaneous abortion was higher than in normal pregnancy.KEYWORDS: MMP-9, spontaneous abortion, normal pregnancy
An Antioxidant Marker, Aminolevulinic Acid Dehydratase, was Correlated with Bone Turnover Activity
Authors: Mulyana Mulyana , Arif Mansyur , Muliaty Dewi 
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUND: Recent studies have indicated that lead may affect activities on bone cells, but the mechanism is not yet clear. Therefore, we conducted a study to investigate correlation of chronic low-concentration lead exposure with bone turnover activity (ratio of C-telopeptide (CTx) and Procollagen Type 1 Amino-terminal Propeptide (P1NP) (CTx/P1NP)) and antioxidant (aminolevulinic acid (ALA) dehydratase (ALAD)) in a workers community. METHODS: An observational study with cross-sectional design was carried out. Fifty two subjects from a workers community in Jakarta, Indonesia, had provided informed consents and undergone medical history, physical and laboratory examinations. Hair lead concentration was measured by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) method. Meanwhile, P1NP was measured by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and CTx was measured by Electro-chemiluminescence Immunoassay (ELICA) method. RESULTS: The mean hair lead concentration was 4.85 ppm. Based on Mayo Clinic reference, 28.85% of investigated subjects had hair lead concentration of ≥5 ppm. Hair lead concentration was not correlated with ALAD, CTx, P1NP concentrations or CTx/P1NP. ALAD concentration was significantly correlated with CTx/P1NP (p<0.05; r=0.35).SUMMARY: ALAD concentration was correlated with CTx/P1NP ratio, indicating that the role of antioxidant was possibly caused by accumulated chronic low-concentration lead exposure, which was correlated with bone turnover activity. KEYWORDS: hair lead, ALAD, CTx, P1NP, osteoporosis, bone turnover
The Effect of the Transtheoretical Model Approach Towards the Body Mass Index of Overweight and Obese Children in Makassar
Authors: Erika Kadek Ayu 
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUND: Overweight and obesity is now ranked fifth as a global risk for the cause of death. Urban lifestyle is fueled by excessive food intake and lack of activity in overweight and obese children. The assessment of the children’s Body Mass Index (BMI) is one of the indicators to assess the nutritional status of children. One strategy that can be used is the transtheoretical model (TTM) approach which is behavior change that helps children and parents in making more effective decisions to reduce health-risk behaviors among children so that the children’s BMI can decrease. This study aims to identify the differences between children's BMI before and after the TTM approach.METHODS: This research was conducted in the district area of Tamalanrea and Biringkanaya, Makassar. The design used is the Quasy Experiment namely pre- and post-test with control group design. Research subjects were overweight or obese children in the 4th, 5th, and 6th grade of elementary school. The samples in the treatment group consisted of 31 participants, while the control group consisted of 33 participants which were selected using purposive sampling. Intervention research was conducted during a six month period by providing guide books on healthy lifestyle, visiting the families every month using questionnaires, and measurements of children’s height, weight and BMI using WHO’s AntrhoPlus software year 2007.RESULTS: Post-pretest results showed the average value of the treatment group’s BMI was -1.48 and the control group was 1.35. This means that the treatment group experienced a decrease in BMI after the application of TTM. The Mann Whitney test results indicate that there is a difference in the BMI pre-post intervention with the value of p=0.00 (>0.05).CONCLUSION: The overweight and obese children’s BMI was influenced by TTM approach.KEYWORDS: transtheoretical model, children’s BMI, overweight, obesity
HIV Infection Among People Who Inject Drugs in the United States: Geographically Explained Variance Across Racial and Ethnic Groups
Authors: Linton Sabriya L. , Cooper Hannah L. F. , Kelley Mary E. , Karnes Conny C. , Ross Zev , Wolfe Mary E. , Jarlais Don Des , Semaan Salaam , Tempalski Barbara , DiNenno Elizabeth , Finlayson Teresa , Sionean Catlainn , Wejnert Cyprian , Paz-Bailey Gabriela ,   for the National HIV Behavioral Surveillance Study Group
Published: October 2015

Objectives. We explored how variance in HIV infection is distributed across multiple geographical scales among people who inject drugs (PWID) in the United States, overall and within racial/ethnic groups. Methods. People who inject drugs (n = 9077) were recruited via respondent-driven sampling from 19 metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s 2009 National HIV Behavioral Surveillance system. We used multilevel modeling to determine the percentage of variance in HIV infection explained by zip codes, counties, and MSAs where PWID lived, overall and for specific racial/ethnic groups. Results. Collectively, zip codes, counties, and MSAs explained 29% of variance in HIV infection. Within specific racial/ethnic groups, all 3 scales explained variance in HIV infection among non-Hispanic/Latino White PWID (4.3%, 0.2%, and 7.5%, respectively), MSAs explained variance among Hispanic/Latino PWID (10.1%), and counties explained variance among non-Hispanic/Latino Black PWID (6.9%). Conclusions. Exposure to potential determinants of HIV infection at zip codes, counties, and MSAs may vary for different racial/ethnic groups of PWID, and may reveal opportunities to identify and ameliorate intraracial inequities in exposure to determinants of HIV infection at these geographical scales.
Quality of Public Open Spaces and Recreational Walking
Authors: Sugiyama Takemi , Gunn Lucy D. , Christian Hayley , Francis Jacinta , Foster Sarah , Hooper Paula , Owen Neville , Giles-Corti Billie 
Published: October 2015

Objectives. We examined associations between specific public open space (POS) attributes and recreational walking to local POS. Methods. Between October 2004 and December 2006, 1465 adults of the RESIDential Environments Project, conducted in Perth, Australia, reported whether they walk to a POS for recreation. For each participant, we identified all open spaces larger than 0.8 hectares within 1.6 kilometers from home. On the basis of field audit data, we created 3 scores (presence, count, size-weighted presence) for 19 specific open space attributes. Results. With logistic regression analyses, we found that walking to a POS was associated with the presence of gardens, grassed areas, walking paths, water features, wildlife, amenities, dog-related facilities, and off-leash areas for dogs. It was also associated with the highest number of these attributes in a single open space, but not with the total number of attributes in all POSs within 1.6 kilometers of home. Conclusions. Building 1 high-quality local park may be more effective in promoting recreational walking than is providing many average-quality parks.
Bavay : dix sept ans d'archéologie en milieu scolaire
Authors: Carlemez Jean-Claude , Carlemez Solange , Cornez Andrée , Chollet Danielle , Delsarte Marie-Christine , Tellier Paul-Hubert 
Published: October 2015

Acht jaar lang, van 1968 tot 1976, was een archeologische club werkzam in het lyceum van Bavay. Men deed aan opgravingen en realiseerde tentoonstellingen. Na 1967 werd de club vervangen door een vrije (bestemd voor vrijwilligers) cursus van drie jaar, « Inleiding tot de archéologie ; van de opgraving tot de publicatie van de resultaten ». Via theoretische en practische lessen (over het opgraven, materiaalstudie — ook beenderen — epigrafie, Latijnse teksten) krijgen de leerlingen een behoorlijke archeologische vorming. Ze leren ook de Engelse technische woordenschat, observatietekenen en fotografie.
Het experiment heeft positieve resultaten opgeleverd (deelname aan opgravingen, het verschijnen van een tijdschrift) en het groepswerk en de vernieuwing van de pédagogie vie- len in goede aarde bij oud en jong. Het onderwijs heeft ervan mee geprofiteerd : het voor- beeld van Bavay vindt navolging.