bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antithrombotic Therapy After Acute Ischemic Stroke in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: McGrath Emer R. , Kapral Moira K. , Fang Jiming , Eikelboom John W. , ó Conghaile Aengus , Canavan Michelle , O’Donnell Martin J. 
Published: November 2014

Background and Purpose—
For patients with atrial fibrillation and ischemic stroke (IS), current guidelines recommend oral anticoagulation (OAC) alone for secondary prevention of IS. In a large prospective cohort of patients with acute IS and atrial fibrillation, we determine the association between antithrombotic regimen on discharge and risk of major vascular events.

Methods—
Prospective cohort of consecutive patients included in the Ontario Stroke Registry. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to determine the association between antithrombotic regimen on discharge and time to death or admission for recurrent IS, myocardial infarction, or major bleeding.

Results—
Two thousand one hundred sixty-two patients were hospitalized atrial fibrillation and acute IS. At discharge, 8.0% were prescribed no antithrombotic therapy, 21.6% antiplatelet therapy alone, 39.3% OAC (warfarin) alone, and 31.1% combination OAC and antiplatelet therapy. Compared with OAC alone (hazard ratio [HR], 1.0), no antithrombotic therapy (HR, 1.51; 95% confidence interval, 1.23–1.86) and antiplatelet therapy (HR, 1.31; 95% confidence interval, 1.14–1.50) were associated with an increased risk of the primary composite outcome, whereas combination OAC and antiplatelet therapy was associated with a trend toward a reduced risk (HR, 0.91; 95% confidence interval, 0.80–1.04 overall and HR, 0.79; 95% confidence interval, 0.61–1.02 in those with coronary heart disease). Results were consistent in those with severe stroke: HR 1.58 (95% CI, 1.21–2.06), 1.34 (95% CI, 1.09–1.63), and 0.91 (95% CI, 0.74–1.11), respectively.

Conclusions—
Contrary to current guidelines, 30% of patients with atrial fibrillation and recent IS are not prescribed any OAC therapy on discharge, whereas a further 30% are prescribed combination OAC and antiplatelet therapy. Combination OAC and antiplatelet therapy in patients at high cardiovascular risk requires evaluation in clinical trials, particularly with the newer OACs, given their more favorable risk–benefit ratio compared with warfarin.
Cerebral Venous Thrombosis in the Absence of Headache
Authors: Coutinho Jonathan M. , Stam Jan , Canhão Patricia , Barinagarrementeria Fernando , Bousser Marie-Germaine , Ferro José M. 
Published: November 2014

Background and Purpose—
Although headache is the most common symptom in cerebral venous thrombosis, 5% to 30% of patients do not report headache at baseline. Characteristics of these patients have not been investigated.

Methods—
In post hoc analysis of the International Study on Cerebral Vein and Dural Sinus Thrombosis study, patients who might not have been able to report headache (aphasia, stupor, coma, or mental status disorder) were excluded.

Results—

Three hundred eighty-two of the original 624 patients (61%) were included, of whom 38 (10%) did not report headache at baseline. Patients without headache were older (mean age, 45 versus 37;
P
=0.001) and less often female (63% versus 77%;
P
=0.06). Paresis (42% versus 27%;
P
=0.05) and seizures (58% versus 32%;
P
=0.001) were more common in patients without headache, whereas papilledema was less common (8% versus 35%;
P
=0.001). Isolated cortical vein thrombosis (16% versus 2%;
P
=0.001), brain parenchymal lesions (66% versus 46%;
P
=0.02), and malignancies (18% versus 6%;
P
=0.009) were more common among patients without headache. Outcome at last follow-up was worse in patients without headache (modified Rankin Scale, 0–1; 76% versus 89%;
P
=0.04; mortality, 13% versus 5%;
P
=0.05), but after adjustment for prognostic variables, headache was not an independent predictor of outcome.

Conclusions—
Patients with cerebral venous thrombosis but without headache are a heterogeneous subgroup, in which older patients, men, and some associated conditions are over-represented. Patients without headache had a worse clinical outcome, but after adjustment for imbalances, headache was not an independent predictor of outcome.
Amplification of Regulatory T Cells Using a CD28 Superagonist Reduces Brain Damage After Ischemic Stroke in Mice
Authors: Na Shin-Young , Mracsko Eva , Liesz Arthur , Hünig Thomas , Veltkamp Roland 
Published: November 2014

Background and Purpose—
Neuroinflammation plays an important role in ischemic brain injury. Regulatory T cells (Treg) are important endogenous immune modulators. We tested the hypothesis that Treg amplification with a CD28 superagonistic monoclonal antibody (CD28SA) reduces brain damage in murine cerebral ischemia.

Methods—
Cerebral ischemia was induced by coagulation of the distal middle cerebral artery or by 60 minutes filament occlusion of the proximal middle cerebral artery in C57BL6 mice. 150 μg CD28SA was injected intraperitoneally 3 or 6 hours after ischemia onset. Outcome was determined by infarct volumetry and behavioral testing. Brain-infiltrating leukocyte subpopulations were analyzed by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry 3 and 7 days after middle cerebral artery occlusion.

Results—
CD28SA reduced infarct size in both models and attenuated functional deficit 7 days after stroke induction. Mice treated with CD28SA increased numbers of Treg in spleen and brain. Tregs were functionally active and migrated into the brain where they accumulated and proliferated in the peri-infarct area. More than 60% of brain infiltrating Treg produced interleukin-10 in CD28SA compared with 30% in control.

Conclusions—
In vivo expansion and amplification of Treg by CD28SA attenuates the inflammatory response and improves outcome after experimental stroke.
Fitting and Analyzing LES Using Multiple Trivariate Gaussians
Authors: Firl Grant J. , Randall David A. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Assumed-PDF methods for the parameterization of subgrid-scale processes in atmospheric models provide many benefits. Many currently used assumed-PDF schemes reconcile the high number of required PDF parameters with the relative paucity of input moments by employing simplifying assumptions that are difficult to test. This paper explores the possibility of constructing a trivariate double-Gaussian PDF from the first three orders of moments without simplifying assumptions and proves that no unique solution exists. In an effort to provide a path for future improvement of current assumed-PDF schemes, the expectation maximization (EM) algorithm for Gaussian mixture models is used with LES output of shallow cumulus, stratocumulus, and deep convection cases to determine “best fit” PDFs using from one through four Gaussian clusters. The EM PDFs are evaluated using PDF-diagnosed higher-order moments, PDF-diagnosed cloud statistics, and the Akaike information criterion. It was found that two Gaussian clusters were almost always adequate to represent both higher-order moments and cloud statistics like cloud fraction, water content, and vertical fluxes of cloud water and buoyancy in layered clouds such as stratocumulus and deep convective anvils. However, higher-order moments and higher-order cloud statistics were only properly represented when three or four Gaussians were used in the upper regions of shallow cumulus layers and throughout the active portion of deep convection. Evidence is also provided that several common assumptions employed to diagnose trivariate double-Gaussian PDFs from a minimum number of input moments are weak.
Oceanic Boundary Conditions for Jakobshavn Glacier. Part I: Variability and Renewal of Ilulissat Icefjord Waters, 2001–14
Authors: Gladish Carl V. , Holland David M. , Rosing-Asvid Aqqalu , Behrens Jane W. , Boje Jesper 
Published: November 2014

AbstractJakobshavn Glacier, west Greenland, has responded to temperature changes in Ilulissat Icefjord, into which it terminates. This study collected hydrographic observations inside Ilulissat Icefjord and from adjacent Disko Bay between 2001 and 2014. The warmest deep Disko Bay waters were blocked by the entrance sill and did not reach Jakobshavn Glacier. In the fjord basin, the summer mean temperature was 2.8°C from 2009 to 2013, excluding 2010, when it was 1°C cooler. Despite this variability, summer potential densities in the basin were in the narrow range of 27.20 ≤ σθ ≤ 27.31 kg m−3, and basin water properties matched those of Disko Bay in this layer each summer. This relation has likely held since at least 1980. Basin waters from 2009 and 2011–13 were therefore similar to those in 1998/99, when Jakobshavn Glacier began to retreat, while basin waters in 2010 were as cool as in the 1980s. The 2010 basin temperature anomaly was advected into Disko Bay, not produced by local atmospheric variability.This anomaly also shows that Ilulissat Icefjord basin waters were renewed annually or faster. Time series fragments inside the fjord did not capture the 2010 anomaly but show that the basin temperatures varied little subannually, outside of summer. Fjord velocity profiles from summer 2013 implied a basin renewal time scale of about 1 month. In model simulations of the fjord circulation, subglacial discharge from Jakobshavn Glacier could drive renewal of the fjord basin over a single summer, while baroclinic forcing from outside the fjord could not, because of the sill at the mouth.
Kids, Groups, and Crime
Authors: Zimring Franklin E. , Laqueur Hannah 
Published: November 2014

Objectives: The objective of this analysis is to address the data and conclusions of Lisa Stolzenberg and Stewart D’Alessio in their article “Co-offending and the Age-crime Curve,” published in The Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency in 2008. The authors analyze National Incident–based Reporting System (NIBRS) 2002 arrests from seven states and conclude that most arrests at all ages involve only one offender, and therefore group offending is of little etiological significance. Methods: To test their claims, we conduct offense-specific analyses of single and multiple arrests using the full 2002 NIBRS arrest data set. Results: After disaggregating the data by type of offense, we find group involvement among young offenders dominates the arrest statistics for all serious crimes other than rape and aggravated assault. Conclusions: Contrary to the conclusions of Stolzenberg and D’Alessio, co-offending does appear to have a substantial impact on young offenders. The extent of adolescent crime as group behavior may be a cliché in criminological circles, but this is because the empirical evidence for it is substantial.
Glutathione S-transferase M1 and glutathione S-transferase T1 genotype in chronic pancreatitis: A meta-analysis
Authors: Zhong Yanjun , Zou Runmei , Cao Jie , Peng Mou 
Published: November 2014

Objective A meta-analysis to determine the association between chronic pancreatitis and glutathione-S transferase (GST) mu 1 ( GSTM1) and theta 1 ( GSTT1) deletions. Methods Case–control studies concerning the relationship between chronic pancreatitis and GSTM1 or GSTT1 deletions were identified (up to October 2013). Meta-analyses of the association between GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotype and chronic pancreatitis or alcoholic chronic pancreatitis (ACP) were performed. Results Seven studies were included in the meta-analysis (650 patients/1382 controls for GSTM1 and 536 patients/1304 controls for GSTT1). There were no significant relationships between GSTM1/GSTT1 and chronic pancreatitis or GSTT1 and ACP. There was a significant association between GSTM1 null genotype and ACP (odds ratio 1.16, 95% confidence intervals 1.03, 1.30). Conclusion The GSTM1 null genotype was significantly associated with ACP risk.
Return to Play and Recurrent Instability After In-Season Anterior Shoulder Instability
Authors: Dickens Jonathan F. , Owens Brett D. , Cameron Kenneth L. , Kilcoyne Kelly , Allred C. Dain , Svoboda Steven J. , Sullivan Robert , Tokish John M. , Peck Karen Y. , Rue John-Paul 
Published: November 2014

Background: There is no consensus on the optimal treatment of in-season athletes with anterior shoulder instability, and limited data are available to guide return to play. Purpose: To examine the likelihood of return to sport and the recurrence of instability after an in-season anterior shoulder instability event based on the type of instability (subluxation vs dislocation). Additionally, injury factors and patient-reported outcome scores administered at the time of injury were evaluated to assess the predictability of eventual successful return to sport and time to return to sport during the competitive season. Study Design: Cohort study (prognosis); Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Over 2 academic years, 45 contact intercollegiate athletes were prospectively enrolled in a multicenter observational study to assess return to play after in-season anterior glenohumeral instability. Baseline data collection included shoulder injury characteristics and shoulder-specific patient-reported outcome scores at the time of injury. All athletes underwent an accelerated rehabilitation program without shoulder immobilization and were followed during their competitive season to assess the success of return to play and recurrent instability. Results: Thirty-three of 45 (73%) athletes returned to sport for either all or part of the season after a median 5 days lost from competition (interquartile range, 13). Twelve athletes (27%) successfully completed the season without recurrence. Twenty-one athletes (64%) returned to in-season play and had subsequent recurrent instability including 11 recurrent dislocations and 10 recurrent subluxations. Of the 33 athletes returning to in-season sport after an instability event, 67% (22/33) completed the season. Athletes with a subluxation were 5.3 times more likely (odds ratio [OR], 5.32; 95% CI, 1.00-28.07; P = .049) to return to sport during the same season when compared with those with dislocations. Logistic regression analysis suggests that the Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index (OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.00-1.09; P = .037) and Simple Shoulder Test (OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.00-1.05; P = .044) administered after the initial instability event are predictive of the ability to return to play. Time loss from sport after a shoulder instability event was most strongly and inversely correlated with the Simple Shoulder Test ( P = .007) at the time of initial injury. Conclusion: In the largest prospective study evaluating shoulder instability in in-season contact athletes, 27% of athletes returned to play and completed the season without subsequent instability. While the majority of athletes who return to sport complete the season, recurrent instability events are common regardless of whether the initial injury was a subluxation or dislocation.
Effect of Accelerated Weightbearing After Matrix-Associated Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation on the Femoral Condyle
Authors: Wondrasch Barbara , Risberg May-Arna , Zak Lukas , Marlovits Stefan , Aldrian Silke 
Published: November 2014

Background: Long-term effects of different weightbearing (WB) modalities after matrix-associated autologous chondrocyte implantation (MACI) on changes in knee articular cartilage and clinical outcomes are needed to establish more evidence-based recommendations for postoperative rehabilitation. Hypothesis: There will be no differences between accelerated WB compared with delayed WB regarding knee articular cartilage or patient self-reported knee function or activity level 5 years after MACI. Furthermore, significant correlations between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)–based outcomes and patient-reported outcome measures 5 years postoperatively will exist. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1. Methods: After MACI, 31 patients (23 male, 8 female) were randomly assigned to the accelerated WB group (AWB group) or to the delayed WB group (DWB group). With the exception of time and increase to full WB, both groups underwent the same rehabilitation program. The AWB group was allowed full WB after 6 weeks and the DWB group after 10 weeks. Assessments were performed 3 months, 2 years, and 5 years postoperatively, but this long-term follow-up study only included changes from 2 to 5 years postoperatively. The magnetic resonance observation of cartilage repair tissue (MOCART) score (primary outcome), the MRI-based variables of bone edema and effusion, the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), and the Tegner scale were included. In addition, the association between MRI-based outcomes and the KOOS at 5 years postoperatively was investigated. Results: There was a significant decrease in the MOCART score and a significant increase in bone edema 2 and 5 years postoperatively but no significant group differences. The only significant correlation between the MRI-based variables and the KOOS was found for bone edema and the KOOS subscale of pain ( r = −0.435, P < .05) at 5-year follow-up. Conclusion: There were no significant differences in the MRI-based or clinical outcomes between the AWB group and DWB group 5 years after MACI. While the clinical outcomes remained stable, a decline of the MRI-based findings was observed between 2 and 5 years postoperatively. Furthermore, a significant association between bone edema and pain was found. No occurrence of unintended effects was observed.
Enhancing cell migration in shape-memory alginate–collagen composite scaffolds: In vitro and ex vivo assessment for intervertebral disc repair
Authors: Guillaume Olivier , Naqvi Syeda Masooma , Lennon Kerri , Buckley Conor Timothy 
Published: November 2014

Lower lumbar disc disorders pose a significant problem in an aging society with substantial socioeconomic consequences. Both inner tissue (nucleus pulposus) and outer tissue (annulus fibrosus) of the intervertebral disc are affected by such debilitating disorders and can lead to disc herniation and lower back pain. In this study, we developed an alginate–collagen composite porous scaffold with shape-memory properties to fill defects occurring in annulus fibrosus tissue of degenerated intervertebral discs, which has the potential to be administered using minimal invasive surgery. In the first part of this work, we assessed how collagen incorporation on preformed alginate scaffolds influences the physical properties of the final composite scaffold. We also evaluated the ability of annulus fibrosus cells to attach, migrate, and proliferate on the composite alginate–collagen scaffolds compared to control scaffolds (alginate only). In vitro experiments, performed in intervertebral disc-like microenvironmental conditions (low glucose and low oxygen concentrations), revealed that for alginate only scaffolds, annulus fibrosus cells agglomerated in clusters with limited infiltration and migration capacity. In comparison, for alginate–collagen scaffolds, annulus fibrosus cells readily attached and colonized constructs, while preserving their typical fibroblastic-like cell morphology with spreading behavior and intense cytoskeleton expression. In a second part of this study, we investigated the effects of alginate–collagen scaffold when seeded with bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells. In vitro, we observed that alginate–collagen porous scaffolds supported cell proliferation and extracellular matrix deposition (collagen type I), with secretion amplified by the local release of transforming growth factor-β3. In addition, when cultured in ex vivo organ defect model, alginate–collagen scaffolds maintained viability of transplanted mesenchymal stem cells for up to 5 weeks. Taken together, these findings illustrate the advantages of incorporating collagen as a means to enhance cell migration and proliferation in porous scaffolds which could be used to augment tissue repair strategies.
Edible mushroom-related poisoning
Authors: Gawlikowski T , Romek M , Satora L 
Published: November 2014

Background: The American Association of Poison Control Center (AAPCC) shows that in 2012 there were 0.3% of human exposures involving mushrooms. Only 17% of 6600 cases were then identified by the species. The present retrospective study was designed to identify the epidemiology of mushroom poisoning in adults admitted to Krakow’s Department of Clinical Toxicology (DCT) from 2002 to 2009. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted retrospectively after examining the files of 457 adult patients with wild mushroom poisoning. Mycological analysis was made and the species of the poisoning-inducing mushroom was determined. Furthermore, the circumstances related to the mushroom gathering, transport, storage, preparation, and consumption have been analyzed. Results: The analysis revealed that in 400 (87.53%) out of 457 cases, the clinical symptoms were caused by ingestion of identified edible mushroom species. The main reason for edible mushroom poisoning is associated with their incorrect processing after harvest. The analysis of the circumstances of mushroom collection, transport, and storage shows that the largest percentage of poisoning was connected with long-term storage of mushroom dishes, collecting, and storing them in plastic bags, and long storage of mushrooms. Conclusion: Based on spore analysis of the gastric content, edible mushrooms were responsible for the great majority of mushroom poisoning cases admitted to the DCT. The toxicity of edible mushroom is associated with proceeding with them during collection, transport, and storage. The medical history should be supplemented by questions concerning these circumstances. The identification of the mushroom by a mycologist is highly desirable.
Assessment of patients who presented to the emergency department with mushroom poisoning
Authors: Colak S , Kandis H , Afacan MA , Erdogan MO , Gunes H , Kaya E , Akdemir HU , Saritas A 
Published: November 2014

Objective: This study aimed to assess the demographic characteristics, emergency department (ED) complaints, laboratory findings, and latent phase periods of patients who presented to the ED due to mushroom poisoning (MP) as well as the efficacy of conventional and hemofiltration therapies. Method: The study was conducted on patients who presented to the ED with MP between 2010 and 2012. The patient’s demographic characteristics, complaints at the ED, latent phases, laboratory findings, and treatments of MP cases were evaluated. Results: The mean age of patients was 38.03 ± 15.96, where 63.8% of them were female and 36.2% were male. Visits occurred most frequently in the autumn (32.6%). When presenting to the ED, the most frequent complaint was nausea–vomiting. The aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), international normalised ratio (INR), and blood urea nitrogen values of patients with a latent phase between 0 h and 5 h were significantly lower than the values of patients with a latent phase between 6 h and 24 h. In this study, 62% of the patients ( n = 36) had stomach lavage and received activated charcoal. Altogether, 55.2% of the patients had received conventional therapy, 37.9% of them received hemofiltration, and all of them received supportive treatment. The AST, ALT, and INR values of those who had received hemofiltration and conventional therapies were significantly higher than of those who received only supportive treatment ( p < 0.01). Conclusion: Hemofiltration, in combination with conventional therapy, seems to be an effective treatment for reducing mortality in suspected MP cases involving late acting toxins.