bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Lead on Survival, Osmoregulation, and Histological Changes of the Gills of the White Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, Boone, 1931
Authors: Usman Nuhman , Irawan Bambang , Soegianto Agoes 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the acute toxicity of lead for different life stages of shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, and to determine the effect of its sublethal concentrations on osmoregulatory capacity (OC) as well as the possible histological alteration in the gills of juvenile shrimp. The 24‐, 48‐, and 96‐h LC50 values for lead to L. vannamei increased progressively with increasing life stage, from nauplii < zoeae < mysis < postlarvae < juvenile. After 15‐d exposure to 3.25, 6.50, and 9.75 mg Pb/L, the OC values of exposed shrimp were reduced by 39, 73, and 157%, respectively compared to control animals. Compared to controls, the lead concentrations in gill tissues increased significantly by 127,500, 137,500, and 141,000% in shrimps exposed to 3.25, 6.50, and 9.75 mg Pb/L, respectively. After lead exposure, hemocytic congestion in efferent vessels and multiple hyperplasia were observed in gill filaments, resulting in narrowed hemolymphatic lacuna. The histopathological effects increased with increasing Pb concentration.
Pharmacokinetics of Florfenicol after Oral Administration in Yellow Catfish, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco
Authors: Yang Qian , Xie Lingling , Wu Zhixin , Chen Xiaoxuan , Yang Yi , Liu Jiajia , Zhang Qi 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe pharmacokinetics of florfenicol (FF) and its metabolite, florfenicol amine (FFA), were investigated after doses of 10 mg/kg/day were administered orally per os (p.o.) on a single day or on three consecutive days in yellow catfish, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, raised in water temperatures of 25 C. After a single dose p.o. was administered, the apparent volume of distribution at steady state (Vdss) of FF was computed to be 2.52 L/kg. The Tmax values were in the following order: liver (1.82 h) < kidney (2.26 h) < skin (6.15 h) < muscle (6.32 h) < plasma (7.25 h). These results show that FF and FFA accumulated rapidly in the kidney and liver. The t1/2β values in plasma, muscle, skin, liver, and kidney were 9.63, 15.75, 14.44, 11.55, and 15.75 h, respectively, for FF and 21.66, 15.07, 17.33, 26.65, and 30.13 h, respectively, for FFA. After a single p.o. dose was administered on three consecutive days, the t1/2β values of FF and FFA in skin‐on muscle were 17.12 and 13.55 h, respectively. The total concentrations of FF and FFA in skin‐on muscle 1, 3, and 5 d after the last administration were 3.39, 0.5, and 0.062 µg/g, respectively.
Development of 25 Novel Microsatellite Loci and Genetic Variation Analysis in Breeding Populations of the Pearl Oyster,Pinctada fucata
Authors: Wu Shanzeng , Guan Yunyan , Huang Xiande , He Maoxian 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIn this study, we screened 103,050 gene sequences ofPinctada fucataand identified 1450 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) distributing in 1355 sequences, in which 97 have sufficient flanking sequences for primer design, and 25 novel microsatellite loci were stable and polymorphic withNawhich varied from 2 to 6. Six microsatellite loci were found in the open reading frame of their corresponding sequences. With the 25SSRloci, five breeding populations and a wild population, a total of 240 individuals from wild population (W), three consecutive selected populations (G1,G2,andG3), and two backcross populations (Do, Dr) (40 individuals per population) were assayed. In these populations, we detected 108 alleles of 111 bp to 362 bp. Each population had meanHoof 0.5718–0.7366 and meanHeof 0.5830–0.6954. Except theFst = 0.0697 (W vs.G3), pairwiseFstvalues ranged from 0.0131 to 0.0473, the genetic identity coefficients varied from 0.8688 to 0.9663, and genetic distance ranged from 0.0343 to 0.1307, all of these suggested that the breeding populations had genetic differentiation but at a low level generally. Besides, all the genetic index values, backcross populations (Do, Dr) were higher than correspondingG3values, indicating that backcross could make the offspring incline to the recurrent parents.
Serum cytochrome c and m30‐neoepitope of cytokeratin‐18 in chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Parfieniuk‐Kowerda Anna , Lapinski Tadeusz W. , Rogalska‐Plonska Magdalena , Swiderska Magdalena , Panasiuk Anatol , Jaroszewicz Jerzy , Flisiak Robert 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackground & AimsCytochrome c (CYC) and M30‐neoepitope of cytokeratin‐18 (M30‐CK18) are involved at different levels in apoptotic pathways. We aimed to evaluate an association between serum CYC, M30‐CK18 and disease activity as well response to therapy in chronic hepatitis C (CHC).MethodsSeventy CHC patients were enrolled in this study. Forty five of them completed pegylated interferon plus ribavirin therapy. Histopathological evaluation of hepatic inflammatory activity and fibrosis, as well as blood liver function tests, was performed. Serum concentrations of M30‐CK18 and CYC were measured by ELISA.ResultsMedian serum concentration of M30‐CK18 was higher in CHC patients [283 U/L] vs. control [113 U/L] (P = 0.0003) and was associated with inflammatory activity and liver fibrosis (P < 0.001). Serum M30‐CK18 positively correlated with serum activity of ALT and GGT. CYC was not detected in sera of control group, whereas in CHC, 41.43% patients had detectable CYC in serum samples [0.60 ng/ml]. Detectable baseline serum CYC had been negatively associated with sustained virological response (SVR). In patients with detectable CYC, SVR rate was 20% vs. 60% in patients with undetectable CYC (P = 0.007).ConclusionsElevated serum M30‐CK18, as an indicator of enhanced apoptosis of hepatocytes, parallels active hepatic inflammation and fibrosis but also biochemical activity in CHC; thus, it may serve as a comprehensive non‐invasive marker of disease activity. On the other hand, detection of serum CYC at baseline may be negatively associated with treatment response to pegylated interferon plus ribavirin in CHC.
Metabolite profiling and pathway analysis of acute hepatitis rats by UPLC‐ESI MS combined with pattern recognition methods
Authors: Wang Xijun , Lv Haitao , Zhang Aihua , Sun Wenjun , Liu Lian , Wang Ping , Wu Zeming , Zou Dixin , Sun Hui 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackground & AimsMetabolomics is comprehensive analysis of low‐molecular‐weight endogenous metabolites in a biological sample. It could enable mapping of perturbations of early biochemical changes in diseases and hence provide an opportunity to develop predictive biomarkers that could provide valuable insights into the mechanisms of diseases. The aim of this study was to elucidate the changes in endogenous metabolites and to phenotype the metabolic profiling of d‐galactosamine (GalN)‐inducing acute hepatitis in rats by UPLC‐ESI MS.MethodsThe systemic biochemical actions of GalN administration (ip, 400 mg/kg) have been investigated in male wistar rats using conventional clinical chemistry, liver histopathology and metabolomic analysis of UPLC‐ ESI MS of urine. The urine was collected predose (−24 to 0 h) and 0–24, 24–48, 48–72, 72–96 h post‐dose. Mass spectrometry of the urine was analysed visually and via conjunction with multivariate data analysis.ResultsResults demonstrated that there was a time‐dependent biochemical effect of GalN dosed on the levels of a range of low‐molecular‐weight metabolites in urine, which was correlated with developing phase of the GalN‐inducing acute hepatitis. Urinary excretion of beta‐hydroxybutanoic acid and citric acid was decreased following GalN dosing, whereas that of glycocholic acid, indole‐3‐acetic acid, sphinganine, n‐acetyl‐l‐phenylalanine, cholic acid and creatinine excretion was increased, which suggests that several key metabolic pathways such as energy metabolism, lipid metabolism and amino acid metabolism were perturbed by GalN.ConclusionThis metabolomic investigation demonstrates that this robust non‐invasive tool offers insight into the metabolic states of diseases.
The coral assemblages of an off‐shore deep Mediterranean rocky bank (NW Sicily, Italy)
Authors: Bo Marzia , Cerrano Carlo , Canese Simonepietro , Salvati Eva , Angiolillo Michela , Santangelo Giovanni , Bavestrello Giorgio 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIn this study we characterized the deep assemblages dwelling at 200–250 m depth on a large shoal off Capo St. Vito Promontory (Northwestern coast of Sicily, South Tyrrhenian Sea) by means of ROV‐imaging. Two assemblages of suspension feeders, dominated by the gorgonian Callogorgia verticillata and by the black coral Leiopathes glaberrima, together with a tanatocoenosis of the colonial yellow scleractinian coral Dendrophyllia cornigera, were examined. The three main species were significatively distributed into two areas corresponding to different habitat preferences: a more elevated hardground hosting black corals and a gently sloping, silted rocky bottom hosting the other coral species. The study area is subjected to a heavy pressure from the professional fishery, resulting in the mechanical damage of numerous colonies, some of which are then overgrown by various epibionts including a parasitic bioluminescent zoanthid, new for the Mediterranean fauna, and tentatively identified as Isozoanthus primoidus. In the Mediterranean Sea, these deep off‐shore rocky banks are widely known among recreational and professional fishermen due to their rich fish fauna. However, there has been still little effort into quantifying and characterizing the extent of the impact and its consequences on the benthic communities, which may represent, as in this case, only a partial picture of their original structure and extent.
Khatyrka, a new CV3 find from the Koryak Mountains, Eastern Russia
Authors: MacPherson Glenn J. , Andronicos Christopher L. , Bindi Luca , Distler Vadim V. , Eddy Michael P. , Eiler John M. , Guan Yunbin , Hollister Lincoln S. , Kostin Alexander , Kryachko Valery , Steinhardt William M. , Yudovskaya Marina , Steinhardt Paul J. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractA new meteorite find, named Khatyrka, was recovered from eastern Siberia as a result of a search for naturally occurring quasicrystals. The meteorite occurs as clastic grains within postglacial clay‐rich layers along the banks of a small stream in the Koryak Mountains, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug of far eastern Russia. Some of the grains are clearly chondritic and contain Type IA porphyritic olivine chondrules enclosed in matrices that have the characteristic platy olivine texture, matrix olivine composition, and mineralogy (olivine, pentlandite, nickel‐rich iron‐nickel metal, nepheline, and calcic pyroxene [diopside‐hedenbergite solid solution]) of oxidized‐subgroup CV3 chondrites. A few grains are fine‐grained spinel‐rich calcium‐aluminum‐rich inclusions with mineral oxygen isotopic compositions again typical of such objects in CV3 chondrites. The chondritic and CAI grains contain small fragments of metallic copper‐aluminum‐iron alloys that include the quasicrystalline phase icosahedrite. One grain is an achondritic intergrowth of Cu‐Al metal alloys and forsteritic olivine ± diopsidic pyroxene, both of which have meteoritic (CV3‐like) oxygen isotopic compositions. Finally, some grains consist almost entirely of metallic alloys of aluminum + copper ± iron. The Cu‐Al‐Fe metal alloys and the alloy‐bearing achondrite clast are interpreted to be an accretionary component of what otherwise is a fairly normal CV3 (oxidized) chondrite. This association of CV3 chondritic grains with metallic copper‐aluminum alloys makes Khatyrka a unique meteorite, perhaps best described as a complex CV3 (ox) breccia.
Thermal modeling for a parent body of Itokawa
Authors: Wakita S. , Nakamura T. , Ikeda T. , Yurimoto H. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractWe modeled the possible parent bodies of Itokawa, which was heated within by the decay energy of26Al. Based on mineralogic studies of dust particles derived from Itokawa by the Hayabusa spacecraft, it appeared that they were thermally metamorphosed at a peak temperature of 800 °C, and kept at 700 °C or higher at 7.6 Myr afterCAIformation. Our numerical results show that the parent bodies of Itokawa would have been larger than 20 km in radius and accreted at a period between 1.9 and 2.2 Myr afterCAIformation, to satisfy mineralogic and isotopic evidence from dust particles.
A novel 5‐enolpyruvoylshikimate‐3‐phosphate (EPSP) synthase transgene for glyphosate resistance stimulates growth and fecundity in weedy rice (Oryza sativa) without herbicide
Authors: Wang Wei , Xia Hui , Yang Xiao , Xu Ting , Si Hong Jiang , Cai Xing Xing , Wang Feng , Su Jun , Snow Allison A. , Lu Bao‐Rong 
Published: August 2013

Summary

Understanding evolutionary interactions among crops and weeds can facilitate effective weed management. For example, gene flow from crops to their wild or weedy relatives can lead to rapid evolution in recipient populations. In rice (Oryza sativa), transgenic herbicide resistance is expected to spread to conspecific weedy rice (Oryza sativa f. spontanea) via hybridization.

Here, we studied fitness effects of transgenic over‐expression of a native 5‐enolpyruvoylshikimate‐3‐phosphate synthase (epsps) gene developed to confer glyphosate resistance in rice. Controlling for genetic background, we examined physiological traits and field performance of crop–weed hybrid lineages that segregated for the presence or absence of this novel epsps transgene.

Surprisingly, we found that transgenic F2 crop–weed hybrids produced 48–125% more seeds per plant than nontransgenic controls in monoculture‐ and mixed‐planting designs without glyphosate application. Transgenic plants also had greater EPSPS protein levels, tryptophan concentrations, photosynthetic rates, and per cent seed germination compared with nontransgenic controls.

Our findings suggest that over‐expression of a native rice epsps gene can lead to fitness advantages, even without exposure to glyphosate. We hypothesize that over‐expressed epsps may be useful to breeders and, if deployed, could result in fitness benefits in weedy relatives following transgene introgression.
Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD): Gendered metaphors, blogs and online forums
Authors: Campbell Rebecca , Longhurst Robyn 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIn order to understand social recovery from mental illness, it is important to examine the role played by social space, including virtual space. This article examined blogs and online forums for people with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). In particular, it addressed gender differences in the metaphors used by men and women in these virtual spaces. Empirical data illustrated that, in general, women are more likely to frame their experiences of OCD as a journey, whereas men are more likely to frame them as a battle. Use of these different metaphors has potential implications for social recovery.
(Re)presenting disaster vulnerability in New Zealand school geography
Authors: Taylor Mike 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThis article focuses on the representation of disaster vulnerability, using the 2010 Haiti earthquake to problematise recent changes in secondary school curriculum and assessment. Drawing upon media perspectives of the Haiti earthquake, the article contrasts a traditional and relational teaching approach to the concept of disaster vulnerability. The article concludes that teachers need to draw upon a wider range of geographical paradigms in order to move students towards critical engagement with societal issues, a key aim of the social science learning area in the New Zealand Curriculum.
Oral immunotherapy and tolerance induction in childhood
Authors: Tang M. L. K. , Martino D. J. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractPrevalence rates of food allergy have increased rapidly in recent decades. Of concern, rates of increase are greatest among children under 5 yrs of age and for those food allergies that persist into adulthood such as peanut or tree nut allergy and shellfish allergy. Given these trends, the overall prevalence of food allergy will compound over time as the number of children affected by food allergy soars and a greater proportion of food‐allergic children are left with persistent disease into adulthood. It is therefore vital to identify novel curative treatment approaches for food allergy. Acquisition of oral tolerance to the diverse array of ingested food antigens and intestinal microbiota is an active immunologic process that is successfully established in the majority of individuals. In subjects who develop food allergy, there is a failure or loss of oral tolerance acquisition to a limited number of food allergens. Oral immunotherapy (OIT) offers a promising approach to induce specific oral tolerance to selected food allergens and represents a potential strategy for long‐term curative treatment of food allergy. This review will summarize the current understanding of oral tolerance and clinical trials of OIT for the treatment of food allergy.
Development of food allergies in patients with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease treated with gastric acid suppressive medications
Authors: Trikha Anita , Baillargeon Jacques G. , Kuo Yong‐fang , Tan Alai , Pierson Karen , Sharma Gulshan , Wilkinson Gregg , Bonds Rana S. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of food allergy has steadily increased, especially in children. Reflux disease, a very common problem in children, is often treated with gastric acid suppressive (GAS) medications which may alter the processing of food allergens, thereby affecting oral mucosal tolerance.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to determine if use of GAS medications is associated with the occurrence of food allergies in children.MethodsUsing a large national commercial insurance database, we identified 4724 children aged 0–18 yrs who were diagnosed with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) and treated with GAS medications between January 1, 2008 and September 30, 2009. We then matched 4724 children with GERD not treated with GAS medications and 4724 children without GERD and not treated with GAS medications, at a 1:1 ratio, on age, gender and number of atopic risk factors. Patients were followed for 12 months.ResultsIn comparison to the referent (children without GERD who received no GAS medications), children with GERD who were treated with GAS were more likely to be diagnosed with a food allergy (Hazard ratio (HR): 3.67, 95% CI 2.15–6.27), as were children with GERD diagnosis but who were not treated with GAS medications (HR: 2.15, 95% CI: 1.21–3.81). A direct comparison of the two GERD cohorts showed that children with GERD who were treated with GAS had a greater risk of food allergy than those with GERD who were untreated (HR, 1.68, 95%CI, 1.15–2.46).ConclusionTreatment with GAS medications is associated with the occurrence of food allergy, an effect not apparently related to a diagnosis of GERD alone.
The Food hypersensitivity famiLy ImPact (FLIP) questionnaire ‐ development and first results
Authors: Mikkelsen Andrea , Borres Magnus P. , Björkelund Cecilia , Lissner Lauren , Oxelmark Lena 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundElimination of the offending food(s) is the usual treatment when a child suffers from food hypersensitivity. This treatment can impair everyday life in families with affected children. Instruments to assess these impairments generated from families attending primary care and in comparison to families with children without food hypersensitivity are scarce. The aim of this study is to develop and test a method to assess food hypersensitivity's impact on everyday life on affected families.MethodsThe Food hypersensitivity famiLy ImPact (FLIP) questionnaire was developed and validated on parents of children (0.5–7 years) with cow's milk protein hypersensitivity, exclusively or in combination with other food hypersensitivity, together with the Swedish Parental Stress Questionnaire (SPSQ) and in comparison to parents with children without food hypersensitivity.ResultsThe validation of FLIP on 94 families indicated excellent internal consistency (Cronbach α 0.9) and good reproducibility (ICC 0.71). The FLIP showed moderate correlation with the SPSQ (r = 0.48) and proved capable of discriminating families by disease burden. Affected families experienced higher stress on their daily lives (p = 0.02) and higher impact on nutrition concerns (p < 0.0001) compared to families with children without food hypersensitivity.ConclusionsThe FLIP is a reliable, valid and sensitive instrument and could be valuable both clinically and in research. The results confirm recommendations of the need for continuous and updated dietary treatment and support for the families with young children with food hypersensitivity.
Intestinal permeability in children with food allergy on specific elimination diets
Authors: Järvinen Kirsi M. , Konstantinou George N. , Pilapil Mariecel , Arrieta Marie‐Claire , Noone Sally , Sampson Hugh A. , Meddings Jon , Nowak‐Węgrzyn Anna 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundChildren with food allergy have been shown to have increased small intestinal permeability (IP) following ingestion of the offending food as well as during elimination diets. We investigated IP in asymptomatic food allergic children during an elimination diet to identify clinical characteristics associated with altered IP.MethodsUrinary recovery ratios of lactulose and mannitol (L/M) were determined 5 h following ingestion of 7.5 g of lactulose and 2 g of mannitol in 131 cow's milk and egg allergic children. An L/M ratio of ≥0.025 was considered abnormal based upon previously established laboratory internal references. A chart review was conducted to assess the clinical characteristics of these patients.ResultsA total of 50 (38%) of the 131 children (median 6.7, range 4.8–8.9 yr; 66.2% male) with food allergy had elevated IP while asymptomatic on strict elimination diets. Age and height negatively correlated with IP. However, in the regression model analysis, abnormal IP was associated with shorter stature independently of age. Otherwise, food allergic patients with increased IP were comparable in gender, nutritional status, age of onset of food allergy, history of reactions, atopic diseases, and family history of food allergies to those with normal IP.ConclusionsElevated IP was found in about one‐third of asymptomatic food allergic children on elimination diets and was associated with shorter stature. Our results suggest that increased IP may be an intrinsic trait in a subset of food allergic children. However, large, prospective studies are necessary to determine the role of impaired intestinal barrier in food allergy.