bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geographic disparities and temporal changes of diabetes-related mortality risks in Florida: a retrospective study
Authors: Deb Nath Nirmalendu , Odoi Agricola 
Published: June 2024

Background
Over the last few decades, diabetes-related mortality risks (DRMR) have increased in Florida. Although there is evidence of geographic disparities in pre-diabetes and diabetes prevalence, little is known about disparities of DRMR in Florida. Understanding these disparities is important for guiding control programs and allocating health resources to communities most at need. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate geographic disparities and temporal changes of DRMR in Florida.

Methods
Retrospective mortality data for deaths that occurred from 2010 to 2019 were obtained from the Florida Department of Health. Tenth International Classification of Disease codes E10–E14 were used to identify diabetes-related deaths. County-level mortality risks were computed and presented as number of deaths per 100,000 persons. Spatial Empirical Bayesian (SEB) smoothing was performed to adjust for spatial autocorrelation and the small number problem. High-risk spatial clusters of DRMR were identified using Tango’s flexible spatial scan statistics. Geographic distribution and high-risk mortality clusters were displayed using ArcGIS, whereas seasonal patterns were visually represented in Excel.

Results
A total of 54,684 deaths were reported during the study period. There was an increasing temporal trend as well as seasonal patterns in diabetes mortality risks with high risks occurring during the winter. The highest mortality risk (8.1 per 100,000 persons) was recorded during the winter of 2018, while the lowest (6.1 per 100,000 persons) was in the fall of 2010. County-level SEB smoothed mortality risks varied by geographic location, ranging from 12.6 to 81.1 deaths per 100,000 persons. Counties in the northern and central parts of the state tended to have high mortality risks, whereas southern counties consistently showed low mortality risks. Similar to the geographic distribution of DRMR, significant high-risk spatial clusters were also identified in the central and northern parts of Florida.

Conclusion
Geographic disparities of DRMR exist in Florida, with high-risk spatial clusters being observed in rural central and northern areas of the state. There is also evidence of both increasing temporal trends and Winter peaks of DRMR. These findings are helpful for guiding allocation of resources to control the disease, reduce disparities, and improve population health.
The mechanism of static postural control in the impact of lower limb muscle strength asymmetry on gait performance in the elderly
Authors: Si Beili , Zhu Hao , Wei Xinmei , Li Shun , Wu Xueping 
Published: June 2024

Background
Abnormal gait is prevalent among the elderly population, leading to reduced physical activity, increased risk of falls, and the potential development of dementia and disabilities, thus degrading the quality of life in later years. Numerous studies have highlighted the crucial roles of lower limb muscle strength asymmetry and static postural control in gait, and the reciprocal influence of lower limb muscle strength asymmetry on static postural control. However, research exploring the interrelationship between lower limb muscle strength asymmetry, static postural control, and gait performance has been limited.

Methods
A total of 55 elderly participants aged 60 to 75 years were recruited. Isokinetic muscle strength testing was used to assess bilateral knee extension strength, and asymmetry values were calculated. Participants with asymmetry greater than 15% were categorized as the Asymmetry Group (AG), while those with asymmetry less than 15% were classified in the Symmetry Group (SG). Gait parameters were measured using a plantar pressure gait analysis system to evaluate gait performance, and static postural control was assessed through comfortable and narrow stance tests.

Results
First, participants in the AG demonstrated inferior gait performance, characterized by slower gait speed, longer stance time and percentage of stance time in gait, and smaller swing time and percentage of swing time in gait. Spatial-temporal gait parameters of the weaker limb tended to be abnormal. Second, static postural control indices were higher in AG compared to SG in all aspects except for the area of ellipse during the comfortable stance with eyes open test. Third, abnormal gait parameters were associated with static postural control.

Conclusion
Firstly, elderly individuals with lower limb muscle strength asymmetry are prone to abnormal gait, with the weaker limb exhibiting poorer gait performance. Secondly, lower limb muscle strength asymmetry contributes to diminished static postural control in the elderly. Thirdly, the mechanism underlying abnormal gait in the elderly due to lower limb muscle strength asymmetry may be linked to a decline in static postural control.
The human touch: a meta-analysis of anthropogenic effects on plant-pollinator interaction networks
Authors: López-Vázquez Karla , Lara Carlos , Corcuera Pablo , Castillo-Guevara Citlalli , Cuautle Mariana 
Published: June 2024

Background
Anthropogenic activities significantly impact natural ecosystems, leading to alterations in plant and pollinator diversity and abundance. These changes often result in shifts within interacting communities, potentially reshaping the structure of plant-pollinator interaction networks. Given the escalating human footprint on habitats, evaluating the response of these networks to anthropization is critical for devising effective conservation and management strategies.

Methods
We conducted a comprehensive review of the plant-pollinator network literature to assess the impact of anthropization on network structure. We assessed network metrics such as nestedness measure based on overlap and decreasing fills (NODF), network specialization (H2’), connectance (C), and modularity (Q) to understand structural changes. Employing a meta-analytical approach, we examined how anthropization activities, such as deforestation, urbanization, habitat fragmentation, agriculture, intentional fires and livestock farming, affect both plant and pollinator richness.

Results
We generated a dataset for various metrics of network structure and 36 effect sizes for the meta-analysis, from 38 articles published between 2010 and 2023. Studies assessing the impact of agriculture and fragmentation were well-represented, comprising 68.4% of all studies, with networks involving interacting insects being the most studied taxa. Agriculture and fragmentation reduce nestedness and increase specialization in plant-pollinator networks, while modularity and connectance are mostly not affected. Although our meta-analysis suggests that anthropization decreases richness for both plants and pollinators, there was substantial heterogeneity in this regard among the evaluated studies. The meta-regression analyses helped us determine that the habitat fragment size where the studies were conducted was the primary variable contributing to such heterogeneity.

Conclusions
The analysis of human impacts on plant-pollinator networks showed varied effects worldwide. Responses differed among network metrics, signaling nuanced impacts on structure. Activities like agriculture and fragmentation significantly changed ecosystems, reducing species richness in both pollinators and plants, highlighting network vulnerability. Regional differences stressed the need for tailored conservation. Despite insights, more research is crucial for a complete understanding of these ecological relationships.
Neuregelung nach dem Wachstumschancengesetz zur Verrechnungspreisbestimmung für grenzüberschreitende Finanzierungsbeziehungen durch § 1 Abs. 3d und 3e AStG
Authors: Keß Rebecca , Quilitzsch Carsten 
Published: June 2024

Zusammenfassung
Mit dem Wachstumschancengesetz wurde § 1 AStG um zwei neue Absätze ergänzt, die den Fremdvergleichsgrundsatz bei grenzüberschreitenden Finanzierungsbeziehungen konkretisieren und für Steuerpflichtige deutliche Verschärfungen (und gerade keine Wachstumschancen) mit sich bringen. Zwar ist zunächst zu begrüßen, dass der erste Aufschlag der Einführung einer sog. „Zinshöhenschranke“ im Gesetzgebungsverfahren fallen gelassen wurde. Die Alternativregelungen, die schließlich in die neuen Tatbestände des § 1 Abs. 3d und 3e AStG gegossen wurden, bieten aus Sicht des Rechtsanwenders aber ebenfalls keinen Anlass zur Freude. Denn die neuen Regelungen verschärfen nochmals die Anforderungen zur steuerlichen Anerkennung von Zins/- Aufwendungen derartiger Geschäftsvorfälle. Zusätzlich werden die ohnehin schon überbordenden Dokumentations- und Nachweispflichten noch weiter ausgedehnt. Im Nachfolgenden werden die neuen Tatbestände vorgestellt und die damit verbundenen Auslegungsschwierigkeiten und offenen Anwendungsfragen erörtert.
Association of
E
uropean Operational Research Societies
Authors: Speranza M. Grazia 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
The Association of European Operational Research Societies (EURO) was formally constituted in 1976 as the first regional grouping within the International Federation of Operational Research Societies (IFORS). From the outset, EURO succeeded in enabling close cooperation between academics and practitioners across Europe. This paper shows how the Association has built on these foundations to adapt and grow, while maintaining its original aim of promoting Operational Research (OR) throughout Europe.
Band Engineering of Thermoelectric Materials
Authors: Pei Yanzhong , Wang Heng , Snyder G. J. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractLead chalcogenides have long been used for space‐based and thermoelectric remote power generation applications, but recent discoveries have revealed a much greater potential for these materials. This renaissance of interest combined with the need for increased energy efficiency has led to active consideration of thermoelectrics for practical waste heat recovery systems—such as the conversion of car exhaust heat into electricity. The simple high symmetry NaCl‐type cubic structure, leads to several properties desirable for thermoelectricity, such as high valley degeneracy for high electrical conductivity and phonon anharmonicity for low thermal conductivity. The rich capabilities for both band structure and microstructure engineering enable a variety of approaches for achieving high thermoelectric performance in lead chalcogenides. This Review focuses on manipulation of the electronic and atomic structural features which makes up the thermoelectric quality factor. While these strategies are well demonstrated in lead chalcogenides, the principles used are equally applicable to most good thermoelectric materials that could enable improvement of thermoelectric devices from niche applications into the mainstream of energy technologies.
Two faces of earnest A. Hooton
Authors: Giles Eugene 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe American Anthropological Association's multimedia project, “Race: Are We So Different?” alleges that Earnest A. Hooton (1887–1954) of Harvard University was a racist eugenicist who “perhaps more than any other scientist of his time… did more to establish racial stereotypes…” and infers racism from his having sat on a National Research Council Committee on the Negro in the 1920s. I take issue with this perspective to argue against Hooton as a racist by exploring Hooton's relationship with African American students, particularly Caroline Bond Day, and with the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People when it awarded a medal to Charles R. Drew, M.D. In the heyday of eugenics, Hooton was an atypical eugenicist in espousing a resolutely nonracial view of the woes of humankind perpetuated by what he considered the biologically unfit. As eugenics and Nazism became conflated in the late 1930s, Hooton hewed to a path that was more antiracist than many of his anthropological colleagues and publicly disputed Nazi racial ideology. Am J Phys Anthropol 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
New copoly(urethane‐methacrylate)s obtained by adjusting the content of the poly(1,2‐propanediol ortho‐phthalate): Transparent, thermal, and mechanical properties
Authors: Gao Lijun , Zhou Liming , Fang Shaoming , Wu Chao 
Published: October 2012

AbstractA series of new crosslinked copoly(urethane‐methacrylate)s (CPUAs) were synthesized by the polymerization of new urethane–methacrylate macromonomers with double bonds at the end of the chain, which were prepared from isophorone diisocyanate, β‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate, different content of poly(1,2‐propanediol ortho‐phthalate) (PPP), and poly(ethylene glycol) 600. The properties of CPUAs were measured by dynamic mechanical analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, water uptake, and optical properties testing, and mechanical performance measurements. The results revealed that the greater PPP contents in the CPUAs lead to the higher glass transition temperature, hardness, lower thermal stability, and water uptake. Obtained CPUAs present the good transparence. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Polyaniline/Ag nanocomposite synthesized by using aniline as dispersant and stabilizer of nanosilver sol
Authors: Li Zhihua , Li Yanbo , Lu Jianti , Zheng Feng , Laven Jozua , Foyet Adolphe 
Published: October 2012

AbstractPolyaniline/silver (PANI/Ag) nanocomposite was successfully prepared by in‐situ polymerization from nanosilver sol using aniline (An) as both dispersant and stabilizer and characterized by FT‐IR, XRD SEM, TEM and electrochemical methods, respectively. The results showed that core‐shelled composite particles of less than 100 nm were synthesized with PANI as shell formed around a core of silver nanoparticles at higher aniline levels. Compared to pure PANI, PANI/Ag nanocomposites have higher electrical conductivity (65.98 S/cm) and current response and capacitance as well. Potentio dynamic polarization showed the anodic shifting of zero current potential and a lower exchange current density for the PANI/Ag composite. Compared with PANI, the PANI/Ag nanocomposite is a promising candidate for coatings with improved anti‐corrosion performance. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Equilibrium Selection, Similarity Judgments, and the “Nothing to Gain/Nothing to Lose” Effect
Authors: Leland Jonathan W. 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTRubinstein and Leland have both demonstrated that many observed violations of expected and discounted utility can be explained if people employ similarity judgments to make choices. In this paper, I show that this decision process also explains which equilibria will be selected in single‐shot games with multiple equilibria and implies that play in games will be associated with anomalies in risky choice. Data supporting these predictions are presented. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
When the Rule is Ruled Out: Exemplars and Rules in Decisions from Memory
Authors: Platzer Christine , Bröder Arndt 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTWhat are the cognitive processes underlying people's decisions from memory? Previous research suggests that these processes can be best described by strategies that are based on abstract knowledge about the decision task (e.g., cue–criterion relations). However, recent results show that different cue presentation formats trigger the use of different decision strategies and that exemplar‐based strategies can account for memory‐based decisions as well. In three experiments, this effect was replicated, and mediation analyses identified the quality of the underlying knowledge representation as the critical variable that determines decision behavior. This supports the view that exemplar‐based reasoning is used as a backup system if cue abstraction is hindered. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Outcomes of transcatheter approach for initial treatment of pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum
Authors: Hasan Babar Sultan , Bautista‐Hernandez Victor , McElhinney Doff B. , Salvin Joshua , Laussen Peter C. , Prakash Ashwin , Geggel Robert L. , Pigula Frank A. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo review the short and medium term outcome of transcatheter pulmonary valve perforation (PVP) in patients with pulmonary atresia‐intact ventricular septum and non‐right ventricular dependant coronary circulation (PA/IVS non‐RVDCC).BackgroundPVP in patients with PA/IVS non‐RVDCC has become more common in the past two decades. However, data on outcomes with this strategy are mixed.MethodsData were reviewed retrospectively for all patients with PA/IVS non‐RVDCC treated from 1996‐ 2010 at our institution. Patients who had severe neonatal Ebstein malformation, or initial interventional management at another institution were excluded.ResultsPVP was attempted in 30 of 50 patients (60%); 26 (87%) of these had a successful procedure. Twenty‐four patients (48%) had surgery without PVP. There were no deaths in the cohort. Complications of PVP included 5 (17%) myocardial perforations. Of those with successful PVP, 10 (38%) did not have surgery (PVP‐NS) and 16 (62%) had surgery (PVP‐S) prior to discharge. Tricuspid valve (TV) Z‐score was larger in the PVP‐NS than in PVP‐S patients, with median TV diameter Z‐scores of +0.7 (−0.9, 1.7) and −1.1 (‐2.8, 2), respectively (P = 0.01). Time from PVP to either hospital discharge (PVP‐NS group) or surgery (PVP‐S group) was significantly different between groups: 15 (7, 22) and 8 days (0, 46), respectively (P = 0.01). There were no differences in the number of trials or lowest arterial PaO2 off prostaglandins between groups. All patients in the PVP‐NS group had a biventricular circulation at a median follow‐up of 4.3 years.ConclusionsThe results of a collaborative approach to treating neonates with PA/IVS non‐RVDCC are excellent. Smaller TV size is associated with greater likelihood of surgery prior to discharge, and may serve as a surrogate for early RV inadequacy. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals Inc.
Nearly‐Zero Thermal Expansion Along the Layer‐Stacking Axis of ZnSe‐Based Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Semiconductor Materials
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Ren Yang , Roushan Mojgan , Li Jing 
Published: October 2012

AbstractZero thermal expansion (ZTE) is a desired but rare material property. Herein we report a unique family of inorganic–organic hybrid semiconductors with general formula [ZnSe(L)0.5] (L = organic diamine) that exhibit nearly‐zero thermal expansion along the layer‐stacking axis in the temperature range of 5–300 K. The unit cell parameters and crystal structures of [ZnSe(en)0.5], [ZnSe(pda)0.5], [ZnSe(bda)0.5], and [ZnSe(ptda)0.5] (en = ethylenediamine, pda = propanediamine, bda = butanediamine, and ptda = pentanediamine) have been refined by the Rietveld method by using powder samples, and their thermal expansion properties have been analyzed and rationalized on the basis of their crystal structures and symmetry. [ZnSe(ptda)0.5] features a very small negative linear thermal expansion coefficient (–7.8 × 10–7 K–1) that approaches the smallest values reported to date.
Transition‐Metal Compounds Containing Alkynylsilyl Groups – Cyclopentadienyl Complexes
Authors: Hoffmann Florian , Wagler Jörg , Roewer Gerhard 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe synthesis of (alkynylsilyl)cyclopentadienyl complexes of titanium and manganese was studied. The titanium compounds PhC≡CMe2SiC5H4CpTiCl2 (1) and (PhC≡CMe2SiC5H4)2TiCl2 (2) were prepared by treating LiC5H4SiMe2C≡CPh with suitable titanium(IV) halides. The manganese compound PhC≡CMe2SiC5H4Mn(CO)3 (3) could be synthesized by treating Mn(CO)5Cl with TlC5H4SiMe2C≡CPh or LiC5H4SiMe2C≡CPh. Alternatively, the alkynylation of ClMe2SiC5H4Mn(CO)3 (6) with PhC≡CMgBr was also successful. In contrast, the direct complexation of (alkynylsilyl)cyclopentadiene or the direct alkynylsilylation of cymantrene were not feasible. Redox reactions and the desilylation of the cyclopentadienyl ring were hampering side reactions in all routes but to varying extent. All three complexes were characterized by NMR spectroscopy. 1 and 3 were also studied by IR and UV/Vis spectroscopy. The molecular and crystal structure of compound 1 was determined by X‐ray diffraction analysis.
Dinuclear Olefin and Alkyne Complexes of Platinum(II)
Authors: König Anja , Bette Martin , Bruhn Clemens , Steinborn Dirk 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBis(olefin) complexes of Zeise's dimer type – [{PtCl2(cis‐MeHC=CHMe)}2] (2) or [{PtCl2(c‐Hex)}2] (3, c‐Hex = cyclohexene) – were prepared by treatment of K2[PtCl4] in the presence of SnCl2 or K[PtCl3(cis‐MeHC=CHMe)] with the corresponding olefin. Zeise's dimer, [{PtCl2(H2C=CH2)}2] (1), was found to react in chloroform or dichloromethane with the internal alkynes RC≡CtBu (R = Me, tBu), provided that the cleaved‐off ethene was removed, to yield bis(alkyne) complexes of Zeise's dimer type [{PtCl2(RC≡CtBu)}2] (R = Me, 11; tBu, 12). Without removal of the ethene, mononuclear mixed ethene/alkyne complexes cis‐[PtCl2(H2C=CH2)(RC≡CtBu)] (R = Me, 8; tBu, 9) and cis‐[PtCl2(H2C=CH2)2] (10) were formed. Analogous reactions with alkynes RC≡CR′ bearing sterically less demanding substituents (R, R′ = Me, Et, nPr, Ph) led to (cyclobutadiene)platinum(II) complexes [PtCl2(C4R2R′2)] (R/R′ = Me/Me 4; Et/Et 5; Me/nPr 6) and [PtCl2(C4Me2Ph2)] (7). Furthermore, use of acetone (instead of CHCl3/CH2Cl2) as solvent in the reactions between 1 and sterically undemanding substituted alkynes resulted in bridge cleavage of Zeise's dimer (1) and in aldol addition and condensation reactions, thereby confirming why Chatt et al. in his analogous classical experiments (1961) observed only decomposition. Complexes 2–7 and 11/12 were isolated in pure states and fully characterized by elemental analysis, NMR spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction measurements (2, 11, 12). For the dinuclear bis(olefin) (1–3) and bis(alkyne) complexes (11, 12) solvent‐dependent equilibria between the transoid and cisoid isomers were observed, and these could even be ascertained crystallographically for complex [{PtCl2(tBuC≡CtBu)}2] (12), which crystallized both as the transoid isomer 12a and as the cisoid isomer 12b·CHCl3. Furthermore, consistent with DFT calculations, NMR measurements provided evidence of fast rotation and of hindered rotation of olefin and alkyne ligands, respectively, resulting in conformational isomers in 8 and 11.
Regiospecific Calcium‐Mediated Intermolecular Hydrophosphanylation of Butadiynes with Diphenylphosphane Oxide
Authors: Al‐Shboul Tareq M. A. , Görls Helmar , Krieck Sven , Westerhausen Matthias 
Published: October 2012

AbstractCalcium‐mediated hydrophosphanylation of diphenyl‐ and di(tert‐butyl)butadiyne (2,2,7,7‐tetramethyl‐3,5‐octadiyne) with diphenylphosphane oxide yields 1,4‐diphenyl‐1,3‐butadiene‐2,3‐bis(diphenylphosphane oxide) and 2,2,7,7‐tetramethyl‐4‐octyne‐3,6‐bis(diphenylphosphane oxide), respectively. Alternatively, 1,4‐diphenylphosphanyl‐substituted 1,4‐butadienes are quantitatively oxidized by H2O2 to the corresponding 1,3‐butadiene‐1,4‐bis(diphenylphosphane oxides).