bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intrathecal urocortin I in the spinal cord as a murine model of stress hormone‐induced musculoskeletal and tactile hyperalgesia
Authors: Larson Alice A. , Nunez Myra G. , Kissel Casey L. , Kovács Katalin J. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractStress is antinociceptive in some models of pain, but enhances musculoskeletal nociceptive responses in mice and muscle pain in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome. To test the hypothesis that urocortins are stress hormones that are sufficient to enhance tactile and musculoskeletal hyperalgesia, von Frey fibre sensitivity and grip force after injection of corticotropin‐releasing factor (CRF), urocortin I and urocortin II were measured in mice. Urocortin I (a CRF1 and CRF2 receptor ligand) produced hyperalgesia in both assays when injected intrathecally (i.t.) but not intracerebroventricularly, and only at a large dose when injected peripherally, suggesting a spinal action. Morphine inhibited urocortin I‐induced changes in nociceptive responses in a dose‐related fashion, confirming that changes in behaviour reflect hyperalgesia rather than weakness. No tolerance developed to the effect of urocortin I (i.t.) when injected repeatedly, consistent with a potential to enhance pain chronically. Tactile hyperalgesia was inhibited by NBI‐35965, a CRF1 receptor antagonist, but not astressin 2B, a CRF2 receptor antagonist. However, while urocortin I‐induced decreases in grip force were not observed when co‐administered i.t. with either NBI‐35965 or astressin 2B, they were even more sensitive to inhibition by astressin, a non‐selective CRF receptor antagonist. Together these data indicate that urocortin I acts at CRF receptors in the mouse spinal cord to elicit a reproducible and persistent tactile (von Frey) and musculoskeletal (grip force) hyperalgesia. Urocortin I‐induced hyperalgesia may serve as a screen for drugs that alleviate painful conditions that are exacerbated by stress.
Impacts of local adaptation of forest trees on associations with herbivorous insects: implications for adaptive forest management
Authors: Sinclair Frazer H. , Stone Graham N. , Nicholls James A. , Cavers Stephen , Gibbs Melanie , Butterill Philip , Wagner Stefanie , Ducousso Alexis , Gerber Sophie , Petit Rémy J. , Kremer Antoine , Schönrogge Karsten 
Published: September 2015

AbstractDisruption of species interactions is a key issue in climate change biology. Interactions involving forest trees may be particularly vulnerable due to evolutionary rate limitations imposed by long generation times. One mitigation strategy for such impacts is Climate matching – the augmentation of local native tree populations by input from nonlocal populations currently experiencing predicted future climates. This strategy is controversial because of potential cascading impacts on locally adapted animal communities. We explored these impacts using abundance data for local native gallwasp herbivores sampled from 20 provenances of sessile oak (Quercus petraea) planted in a common garden trial. We hypothesized that non‐native provenances would show (i) declining growth performance with increasing distance between provenance origin and trial site, and (ii) phenological differences to local oaks that increased with latitudinal differences between origin and trial site. Under a local adaptation hypothesis, we predicted declining gallwasp abundance with increasing phenological mismatch between native and climate‐matched trees. Both hypotheses for oaks were supported. Provenance explained significant variation in gallwasp abundance, but no gall type showed the relationship between abundance and phenological mismatch predicted by a local adaptation hypothesis. Our results show that climate matching would have complex and variable impacts on oak gall communities.
Inguinal percutaneous ultrasound to locate cryptorchid testes
Authors: Coomer R. P. C. , Gorvy D. A. , McKane S. A. , Wilderjans H. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryStanding laparoscopic removal of abdominally retained cryptorchid testes may reduce patient morbidity and speed recovery compared with traditional laparotomy because anaesthesia is avoided and skin incisions are smaller. Reliably locating the testis preoperatively is therefore optimal to avoid unnecessary surgical morbidity and expense. We describe and review the results of a simple method of location using ultrasound scanning of the inguinal region, with a negative result indicating abdominal retention. One hundred and twenty‐seven horses with 141 cryptorchid testes were identified. Eighty‐five testes were identified inguinally: 56 abdominal. Two inguinally retained testes were not observed on ultrasound (false negatives) and 2 testes were considered inguinal but subsequently had to be removed from the abdomen (false positives). Sensitivity of inguinal ultrasound to predict the location of cryptorchid testes was therefore 98% and specificity 97%. The technique described herein proved a reliable technique to locate cryptorchid testes prior to surgery, minimising morbidity and cost. Suspect cryptorchids with no external evidence of testes should undergo a screening blood test prior to this ultrasound method of diagnosis.
Rethinking the ICC Framework: Transformation and Telecollaboration
Authors: Bohinski Chesla Ann , Leventhal Yumei 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis task‐based study, designed with Helm and Guth's (2010) Telecollaboration 2.0 framework in mind, qualitatively investigated a telecollaborative exchange. Two second language (L2) Spanish participants and three L2 English participants carried out a six‐week e‐mail exchange that centered on specific holidays, giving researchers an opportunity to study participants' intercultural communicative competence (ICC) (Byram, 1997) and how participants critically analyzed and discussed cultural aspects of an L2 language (Klein & Solem, 2008). Participants' exchanges revealed the following: (1) each participant's thoughts on his/her partner's culture as was perceived through L2 instruction, (2) each partner's reaction to perceptions and insight to cultural reality, and (3) sharing of personal anecdotes. Patterns in exchanges were analyzed using NVivo 10 software with a data‐driven, hybrid analytical approach. Thematic categories were created from the data and used to code the e‐mail exchanges and subsequently correlated to Helm and Guth's (2010) framework. Results indicated that participants using a Web 1.0 resource experienced transformation through the telecollaboration. Researchers concluded that more nuanced categories were needed to assess ICC to understand the intricacies of online collaborative exchanges. Researchers believed that Web 1.0, in the absence of Web 2.0, remained a valuable venue for telecollaboration.
Interactive effects of elevation, species richness and extreme climatic events on plant–pollinator networks
Authors: Hoiss Bernhard , Krauss Jochen , Steffan‐Dewenter Ingolf 
Published: September 2015

AbstractPlant–pollinator interactions are essential for the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems, but are increasingly affected by global change. The risks to such mutualistic interactions from increasing temperature and more frequent extreme climatic events such as drought or advanced snow melt are assumed to depend on network specialization, species richness, local climate and associated parameters such as the amplitude of extreme events. Even though elevational gradients provide valuable model systems for climate change and are accompanied by changes in species richness, responses of plant–pollinator networks to climatic extreme events under different environmental and biotic conditions are currently unknown. Here, we show that elevational climatic gradients, species richness and experimentally simulated extreme events interactively change the structure of mutualistic networks in alpine grasslands. We found that the degree of specialization in plant–pollinator networks (H2′) decreased with elevation. Nonetheless, network specialization increased after advanced snow melt at high elevations, whereas changes in network specialization after drought were most pronounced at sites with low species richness. Thus, changes in network specialization after extreme climatic events depended on climatic context and were buffered by high species richness. In our experiment, only generalized plant–pollinator networks changed in their degree of specialization after climatic extreme events. This indicates that contrary to our assumptions, network generalization may not always foster stability of mutualistic interaction networks.
Food and bioenergy: reviewing the potential of dual‐purpose wheat crops
Authors: Townsend Toby J. , Sparkes Debbie L. , Wilson Paul 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWithin the bioenergy debate, the ‘food vs. fuel’ controversy quickly replaced enthusiasm for biofuels derived from first‐generation feedstocks. Second‐generation biofuels offer an opportunity to produce fuels from dedicated energy crops, waste materials or coproducts such as cereal straw. Wheat represents one of the most widely grown arable crops around the world, with wheat straw, a potential source of biofuel feedstock. Wheat straw currently has limited economic value; hence, wheat cultivars have been bred for increased grain yield; however, with the development of second‐generation biofuel production, utilization of straw biomass provides the potential for ‘food and fuel’. Reviewing the evidence for the development of dual‐purpose wheat cultivars optimized for food grain and straw biomass production, we present a holistic assessment of a potential ideotype for a dual‐purpose cultivar (DPC). An ideal DPC would be characterized by high grain and straw yields, high straw digestibility (i.e. biofuel yield potential) and good lodging resistance. Considerable variation in these traits exists among current wheat cultivars, facilitating the selection of improved individual traits; however, increasing straw yield and digestibility could potentially have negative trade‐off impacts on grain yield and lodging resistance, reducing the feasibility of a single ideotype. Adoption of alternative management practices could potentially increase straw yield and digestibility, albeit these practices are also associated with potential trade‐offs among cultivar traits. Benefits from using DPCs include reduced logistics costs along the biofuel feedstock supply chain, but practical barriers to differential pricing for straw digestibility traits are likely to reduce the financial incentive to farmers for growing higher ‘biofuel‐quality’ straw cultivars. Further research is required to explore the relationships among the ideotype traits to quantify potential DPC benefits; this will help to determine whether stakeholders along the bioenergy feedstock supply chain will invest in the development of DPCs that provide food and fuel potential.
Evaluation of recoverable energy potential from enhanced geothermal systems: a sensitivity analysis in a poro‐thermo‐elastic framework
Authors: Gholizadeh Doonechaly N. , Abdel Azim R. , Rahman S. S. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis study presents application of an efficient approach to simulate fluid flow and heat transfer in naturally fractured geothermal reservoirs. Fluid flow is simulated by combining single continuum and discrete fracture approaches. The local thermal nonequilibrium approach is used to simulate heat transfer by conduction in the rock matrix and convection (including conduction) in the fluid. Fluid flow and heat transfer models are integrated within a coupled poro‐thermo‐elastic framework. The developed model is used to evaluate the long‐term response of a geothermal reservoir with specific boundary conditions and injection/production schedule. A comparative study and a sensitivity analysis are carried out to evaluate the capability of the integrated approach and understand the degree by which different reservoir parameters affect thermal depletion of Soultz geothermal reservoir, respectively. Also observed, there exists an optimum fracture permeability after which the reservoir stimulation does not change the recovery factor significantly. Estimation of fluid temperature by the assumption of local thermal nonequilibrium heat transfer between the fracture fluid and the rock matrix gives fluid temperature of about 3°C less than that of estimated by thermal equilibrium heat transfer at early stage of hot water production.
Temporal variations in stump pressure and assessment of images obtained from cone‐beam computed tomography during balloon‐occluded transarterial chemoembolization
Authors: Kakuta Akihisa , Shibutani Koichi , Ono Shuichi , Miura Hiroyuki , Tsushima Fumiyasu , Kakehata Shinya , Basaki Kiyoshi , Fujita Hiromasa , Seino Hiroko , Fujita Tamaki , Takai Yoshihiro 
Published: September 2015

AimBalloon‐occluded transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (B‐TACE) was used to show the optimized duration of balloon occlusion to start injection of lipiodol in order to maximize lipiodol deposition in the nodule, and to reveal the endpoint of lipiodol injection.MethodsOf 29 consecutive patients who underwent balloon‐occluded TACE between November 2013 and February 2014, we were able to measure stump pressure for 219 nodules in 27 patients. Tumors were counted, measured and could be visually assessed in 20 of these patients at 26 sites. Tumors with multiple feeders were found in eight patients. Arterial blood pressure was measured before, immediately after and 5 min after balloon occlusion prior to intra‐arterial injection, as well as before and after balloon deflation after intra‐arterial injection. Images were assessed qualitatively by two radiologists as well as quantitatively by calculating the contrast‐to‐noise ratio.ResultsWe found no significant difference in pressure between immediately after and 5 min after balloon occlusion. Mean stump pressure before balloon deflation after intra‐arterial injection was 70.4 mmHg. We observed a significant increase in qualitative scores after balloon occlusion (P < 0.001), and the mean score in the third‐order branch was significantly higher than that in the first‐order branch (P = 0.048).ConclusionOur results indicate that intra‐arterial injection can be started at any time after balloon occlusion and that 70 mmHg may be considered as a possible indicator of the end‐point for arterial injection.
Are posts necessary for the restoration of root filled teeth with limited tissue loss? A structured review of laboratory and clinical studies
Authors: Aurélio I. L. , Fraga S. , Rippe M. P. , Valandro L. F. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractGuidelines for post placement are lacking in respect of the amount of tooth structure, particularly in cases in which ≥50% of coronal structure is preserved. The aim of this review was to provide evidence‐based principles for the use of posts in the restoration of root filled teeth with limited tissue loss. A literature search of laboratory and clinical studies published between 2000 and 2014 was conducted in PubMed. Included studies contained at least one study group with root filled teeth restored without a post, presented at least one group with root filled teeth with limited tissue loss, and, in the case of laboratory studies, performed mechanical cycling prior to a fracture resistance test. Based on the evidence from laboratory studies, root filled premolars and molars with limited tissue loss can be restored without posts, particularly when total coverage is planned. However, when no cusp protection is provided, post placement appears to be beneficial in premolars. Evidence regarding the best restoration option for root filled incisors with limited tissue loss remains controversial. When total coverage is intended, reconstruction seems to be successfully performed by restoration with composite. However, some reports consider that post insertion increases fracture loads. The review of clinical studies demonstrated that survival of teeth with substantial tooth tissue is not influenced by the use of posts. Exceptions were found when only premolars were investigated; in these cases, post placement was associated with greater survival rates in crowned teeth and fewer root fractures in teeth without cusp protection.
Oxidation of SiCf/SiC‐HfB2 Composites under Laser Heating
Authors: Carney Carmen , Leslie Clifford , Jones Eric 
Published: September 2015

Ceramic matrix composites with SylramicTM and CG NicalonTM SiC fibers and SiC‐HfB2 matrices derived from a combination of polymer‐derived SiC ceramic and HfB2 particulate slurries were prepared. The composites were tested for oxidation resistance by laser heating at 2 MW/m2 to achieve temperatures near 1600°C. The oxidation resistance was compared between uncoated CG NicalonTM and BN‐coated SylramicTM fiber‐based composites. Oxidation resulted in precipitated nano‐sized HfO2 independent of the fibers and fiber coatings.
What is going on when nothing is going on? Exploring the role of the consumer in shaping waiting situations
Authors: Pàmies Maria del Mar , Ryan Gerard , Valverde Mireia 
Published: September 2015

AbstractResearch on waiting in services focuses mainly on the role of companies in waiting situations. Much of the existing research envisages the consumer as a passive victim of the delays caused by companies. This article redresses the imbalance in research on waiting by exploring the role of consumers in waiting situations. A qualitative methodology is used, involving data collection through in‐depth interviews and personal diaries, to facilitate an in‐depth analysis of consumers’ waiting experiences. Additionally, a holistic approach is employed with a view to examining the ‘whole’ waiting experience rather than individual or isolated aspects of waiting. The main finding of the study is that consumers play an active and deliberate role in waiting situations. This is the first study to empirically identify the behaviours and initiatives undertaken by consumers when forced to wait for services. The results suggest that consumers play an active role in organising and reducing the real or perceived waiting time. They actively seek information on the length and causes of the wait. And, on occasions, the consumer may also be the cause of the wait or may even increase the delay by their actions. In contrast to most of the existing research on the topic of waiting, this study adopt a qualitative, in‐depth approach, with a multicultural sample, and a focus on the consumer whose role in waiting has previously been overlooked.
Enhancement of glucose production from maltodextrin hydrolysis by optimisation of saccharification process using mixed enzymes involving novel pullulanase
Authors: Zhao Weichao , Nie Yao , Mu Xiaoqing , Zhang Rongzhen , Xu Yan 
Published: September 2015

SummaryPullulanase is important to enhance the production and quality of glucose from starch hydrolysis by mixed enzymatic saccharification. To improve glucose production, it would be necessary to manipulate the enzymatic saccharification process and conditions. For enzymatic saccharification involving the newly identified recombinant pullulanase, glucose, maltose and isomaltose were detected, and glucose was the main product from maltodextrin hydrolysis, with the dextrose equivalent value over 99.5%. During the saccharification process, there would be a balance between glucose and disaccharides due to enzymatic hydrolysis and its reverse reaction. With the optimised ratio of glucoamylase to pullulanase (50:1) and dry maltodextrin concentration (20%, w/w), the glucose content (DX) around 99% was obtained with the space‐time yield of 6 mg g−1·h. After optimisation by orthogonal design and response surface methodology, the DX value of 99.35% was achieved with enzyme loading 75 U g−1 at 55 °C and pH 4.5 for 36 h.
Two‐year analysis for predicting renal function and contralateral hypertrophy after robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy: A three‐dimensional segmentation technology study
Authors: Kim Dae Keun , Jang Yujin , Lee Jaeseon , Hong Helen , Kim Ki Hong , Shin Tae Young , Jung Dae Chul , Choi Young Deuk , Rha Koon Ho 
Published: September 2015

ObjectivesTo analyze long‐term changes in both kidneys, and to predict renal function and contralateral hypertrophy after robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy.MethodsA total of 62 patients underwent robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy, and renal parenchymal volume was calculated using three‐dimensional semi‐automatic segmentation technology. Patients were evaluated within 1 month preoperatively, and postoperatively at 6 months, 1 year and continued up to 2‐year follow up. Linear regression models were used to identify the factors predicting variables that correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate changes and contralateral hypertrophy 2 years after robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy.ResultsThe median global estimated glomerular filtration rate changes were −10.4%, −11.9%, and −2.4% at 6 months, 1 and 2 years post‐robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy, respectively. The ipsilateral kidney median parenchymal volume changes were −24%, −24.4%, and −21% at 6 months, 1 and 2 years post‐robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy, respectively. The contralateral renal volume changes were 2.3%, 9.6% and 12.9%, respectively. On multivariable linear analysis, preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate was the best predictive factor for global estimated glomerular filtration rate change on 2 years post‐robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy (B −0.452; 95% confidence interval −0.84 to −0.14; P = 0.021), whereas the parenchymal volume loss rate (B −0.43; 95% confidence interval −0.89 to −0.15; P = 0.017) and tumor size (B 5.154; 95% confidence interval −0.11 to 9.98; P = 0.041) were the significant predictive factors for the degree of contralateral renal hypertrophy on 2 years post‐robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy.ConclusionsPreoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate significantly affects post‐robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy renal function. Renal mass size and renal parenchyma volume loss correlates with compensatory hypertrophy of the contralateral kidney. Contralateral hypertrophy of the renal parenchyma compensates for the functional loss of the ipsilateral kidney.
Effect of the Glass Structure on Emission of Rare‐Earth‐Doped Borate Glasses
Authors: Jiao Qing , Li Ge , Zhou Dacheng , Qiu Jianbei 
Published: September 2015

A series of glasses composed of xB2O3–8Al2O3‐(90−x)Na2O–R2O3 (x = 65, 70, 75, 80, 85; R = Dy3+, Tb3+, Sm3+) were prepared through melt‐quenching. Structural evolution was induced by varying the glass composition. Increasing the glass network former B2O3 enhanced the luminescence of rare‐earth ions, as observed in the emission spectra. The mechanism of the glass structural evolution was investigated by the NMR spectra analysis. The dispersant effect of the glass structure was believed to promote the better distribution of the rare‐earth ions in the matrix and reduced the concentration quenching between them. The relationship between the glass structure and its optical properties was established.