bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oncologic Surveillance After Surgical Resection for Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Novel Risk-Based Approach
Authors: Stewart-Merrill Suzanne B. , Thompson R. Houston , Boorjian Stephen A. , Psutka Sarah P. , Lohse Christine M. , Cheville John C. , Leibovich Bradley C. , Frank Igor 
Published: September 2015

Purpose The appropriate duration of surveillance for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) after radical or partial nephrectomy remains unknown, and evidence to support current guidelines are lacking. Herein, we provide an approach to surveillance that balances the risk of recurrence versus the risk of non-RCC death. Patients and Methods We identified 2,511 patients who underwent surgery for M0 RCC between 1990 and 2008. Patients were stratified for analysis by pathologic stage (pT1Nx-0, pT2Nx-0, pT3/4Nx-0, and pTanyN1), relapse location (abdomen, chest, bone, and other), age (< 50, 50 to 59, 60 to 69, 70-79 and ≥ 80 years), and Charlson comorbidity index (CCI; ≤ 1 and ≥ 2). Risks of disease recurrence and non-RCC death were estimated by using parametric models for time-to-failure with Weibull distributions. Surveillance duration was estimated at the point when the risk of non-RCC death exceeded the risk of recurrence. Results At a median follow-up of 9.0 years (interquartile range, 6.4 to 12.7 years), a total of 676 patients developed recurrence. By using a competing-risk model, vastly different surveillance durations were appreciated. Specifically, among patients with pT1Nx-0 disease and a CCI ≤ 1, risk of non-RCC death exceeded that of abdominal recurrence risk at 6 months in patients age 80 years and older but failed to do so for greater than 20 years in patients younger than age 50 years. For patients with pT1Nx-0 disease but a CCI ≥ 2, the risk of non-RCC death exceeded that of abdominal recurrence risk already at 30 days after surgery, regardless of patient age. Conclusion We present an individualized approach to RCC surveillance that bases the duration of follow-up on the interplay between competing risk factors of recurrence and non-RCC death. This strategy may improve the balance between the derived benefit from surveillance and medical resource allocation.
A Framework for the Symmetric Generalisation of the Miura-ori
Authors: Sareh Pooya , Guest Simon D. 
Published: September 2015

The Miura fold pattern, or the Miura-ori, is a flat-foldable origami tessellation which has been applied to the folding of deployable structures for various engineering and architectural applications. In recent years, researchers have proposed systematic (see, e.g., [1] or [2]), and also free-form [3], variations on the Miura pattern. This paper develops a geometric framework for the symmetric generalisation of the Miura-ori while preserving the ‘stacking while folding’ behaviour of the pattern. We present a number of novel concepts and definitions which help us apply systematic variations on the original pattern. We study the Miura crease pattern as a pmg wallpaper pattern which is one of the seventeen distinct wallpaper groups. We reduce the symmetry of the Miura-ori to obtain new patterns while preserving the flat-foldability condition at each node. We conclude that we are able to use the Miura-ori, which is a globally planar pattern in its partially folded states, to systematically design either ‘globally planar’ or ‘globally curved’ patterns, through appropriate design variations on the original pattern.
Economic Development and Democratic Institutions
Authors: Щербаков  , Shcherbakov A. 
Published: September 2015

The article attempts to analyze the relationship of democratic institutions and
economic growth. It emphasized the importance of developing this problem at
the theoretical level to improve the relations between society and the authorities
at various levels of the political, economic and social problems. The mechanisms
of influence of the most important institutions of a democratic society on the
pace and quality of economic growth. The first is the institution of private
property, free enterprise and trade, as well as the inviolability of the person. It is
also crucial to a certain form of government in which the supreme power
belongs to the people. This can be achieved when the society adopted and
approved in advance declared legal rules based on the priority of basic individual
rights and freedoms.
Problems of Russian Agrarian Sector Development within Import Substitution Policy
Authors: Дацко  , Datsko Tatyana , Гагиев  , Gagiyev Nikolay 
Published: September 2015

The article is devoted to topical problems of Russian agricultural sector caused
by both internal and external factors.The degree of influence of foreign sanctions
and Russian food embargo on the volume and structure of external trade
turnover of our country has been analyzed. The main measures of state support
of agricultural producers in the implementation of import substitution policy
have been considered. Special attention is paid to ensuring the availability of
credit financial resources, modernization of enterprises’ production base and
improvement of agricultural market infrastructure. In conclusion the author
highlights priority directions of further development of Russian agricultural
complex. The main emphasis is placed on the necessary adaptation of the
agricultural policy to a rapidly changing economic environment in order to
preserve state sovereignty and develop national agroindustry.
Estimation of Beauty Contest Auctions
Authors: Yoganarasimhan Hema 
Published: September 2015

Beauty contests are auction mechanisms used to buy or sell differentiated products where the auctioneer does not specify a decision rule to pick the winning bidder. Beauty contests are widely used in procuring welfare-to-work projects, freelance services, selling online ads, real estate transactions, and hiring, dating/marriage decisions. Unlike price-only auctions, beauty contests have no closed-form bidding strategies and suffer from nonmultiplicatively separable unobserved auction heterogeneity, which makes their estimation challenging. To address these challenges, we formulate beauty contests as incomplete information games and present a two-step estimator. A key contribution of our method is its ability to account for common-knowledge auction-specific unobservables using finite unobserved types. We show that unobserved auction types and distributions of bids are nonparametrically identified and recoverable in the first step using a nonparametric Expectation-Maximization (EM)-like algorithm, and that these can then be used in the second step to recover cost distributions. We present an application of our method in the online freelancing context. We find that seller margins in this marketplace are around 15% of the bid, and that not accounting for unobserved heterogeneity can significantly bias cost estimates in this setting. Based on our estimates, we run counterfactual simulations and provide guidelines to managers of freelance firms.Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2015.0929 .
Online Shopping Intermediaries: The Strategic Design of Search Environments
Authors: Dukes Anthony , Liu Lin 
Published: September 2015

An online shopping intermediary is an Internet platform on which consumers and third-party sellers transact. Shopping intermediaries provide a search environment (e.g., search aids) to lower the search costs incurred by consumers when finding and evaluating sellers’ products. We study strategic incentives of an intermediary in the design of its search environment as a means to ease search costs. An important aspect of our analysis is that consumers optimally decide how many sellers to evaluate and how deeply (e.g., number of attributes) to evaluate each of them. We find that the equilibrium search environment embeds sufficiently high search costs to prevent consumers from evaluating too many sellers, but not too high to cause them to evaluate sellers’ products at partial depth. This paper was accepted by J. Miguel Villas-Boas, marketing.
Fetal Sex and RHD Genotyping with Digital PCR Demonstrates Greater Sensitivity than Real-time PCR
Authors: Sillence Kelly A , Roberts Llinos A , Hollands Heidi J , Thompson Hannah P , Kiernan Michele , Madgett Tracey E , Ross Welch C , Avent Neil D 
Published: September 2015

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Noninvasive genotyping of fetal RHD (Rh blood group, D antigen) can prevent the unnecessary administration of prophylactic anti-D to women carrying RHD-negative fetuses. We evaluated laboratory methods for such genotyping.

METHODS
Blood samples were collected in EDTA tubes and Streck® Cell-Free DNA™ blood collection tubes (Streck BCTs) from RHD-negative women (n = 46). Using Y-specific and RHD-specific targets, we investigated variation in the cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA) fraction and determined the sensitivity achieved for optimal and suboptimal samples with a novel Droplet Digital™ PCR (ddPCR) platform compared with real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR).

RESULTS
The cffDNA fraction was significantly larger for samples collected in Streck BCTs compared with samples collected in EDTA tubes (P &lt; 0.001). In samples expressing optimal cffDNA fractions (≥4%), both qPCR and digital PCR (dPCR) showed 100% sensitivity for the TSPY1 (testis-specific protein, Y-linked 1) and RHD7 (RHD exon 7) assays. Although dPCR also had 100% sensitivity for RHD5 (RHD exon 5), qPCR had reduced sensitivity (83%) for this target. For samples expressing suboptimal cffDNA fractions (&lt;2%), dPCR achieved 100% sensitivity for all assays, whereas qPCR achieved 100% sensitivity only for the TSPY1 (multicopy target) assay.

CONCLUSIONS
qPCR was not found to be an effective tool for RHD genotyping in suboptimal samples (&lt;2% cffDNA). However, when testing the same suboptimal samples on the same day by dPCR, 100% sensitivity was achieved for both fetal sex determination and RHD genotyping. Use of dPCR for identification of fetal specific markers can reduce the occurrence of false-negative and inconclusive results, particularly when samples express high levels of background maternal cell-free DNA.
Space-Time Finite Element Methods for Parabolic Problems
Authors: Steinbach Olaf 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
We propose and analyze a space-time finite element method for the
numerical solution of parabolic evolution equations. This approach
allows the use of general and unstructured space-time finite elements
which do not require any tensor product structure. The stability
of the numerical scheme is based on a stability condition which holds
for standard finite element spaces. We also provide related a priori
error estimates which are confirmed by numerical experiments.
两岸四地偏域詞語說略
Authors: 荐 周 
Published: September 2015

摘 要
語言詞彙單位，常會有各區域共有合用的情況，也會有雖為各區域共有卻已不為各區域共用，而只為某一個/些區域獨用或常用的情況。一種語言的共有合用詞語，可稱全域詞語；一種語言偏用一域的詞語, 可稱偏域詞語。偏域詞語，與以往所說的方言詞語和 “社區詞語” 都是不同的, 它所反映的是一種語言詞彙在不同行政區域所呈現的詞頻差異。使用人口眾多、使用地域遼闊的一種語言，其所下轄的區域往往是很多的。以現代漢語為例，因社會制度和意識形態等的不同形成的大的行政區域，至少有大陸、台灣、香港、澳門四個。偏域詞語在現代漢語的不同區域中有著大量的存在，在台港澳地區更有較為活躍的表現。
Correlated overexpression of metadherin and SND1 in glioma cells
Authors: Tong Liping , Wang Chao , Hu Xuebin , Pang Bo , Yang Zhonghui , He Zhangxiu , He Meihui , Wei Lanlan , Chu Ming 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Glioma is the most common primary brain tumor with poor prognosis. Effective treatment of glioma remains a big challenge due to complex pathogenic mechanisms. Previous studies have shown that metadherin (MTDH) and its interacting protein staphylococcal nuclease domain containing 1 (SND1) are overexpressed in many solid tumors. To elucidate the role of MDTH and SND1 in the pathogenesis of glioma, we examined the expression of MTDH and SND1 in primary glioma tissues and found that both MTDH and SND1 were highly expressed, with similar expression patterns. Co-expression of MTDH and SND1 was associated with advanced glioma grades. In addition, we detected the interaction between MTDH and SND1 in cultured glioma cell lines. MTDH could promote the expression of p65 and SND1 in glioma cells. However, enhanced SND1 expression by MTDH was abolished by the inhibition of p65. In conclusion, we demonstrated high expression levels MTDH and SND1 in primary glioma tissues. MTDH might promote glioma by inducing SND1 expression through the activation of NF-κB pathway. MTDH and SND1 may serve as the indicator of malignancy and prognosis as well as therapeutic targets for patients with glioma.
Organization of the Mammalian Locomotor CPG: Review of Computational Model and Circuit Architectures Based on Genetically Identified Spinal Interneurons
Authors: Rybak Ilya A. , Dougherty Kimberly J. , Shevtsova Natalia A. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe organization of neural circuits that form the locomotor central pattern generator (CPG) and provide flexor–extensor and left–right coordination of neuronal activity remains largely unknown. However, significant progress has been made in the molecular/genetic identification of several types of spinal interneurons, including V0 (V0Dand V0Vsubtypes), V1, V2a, V2b, V3, and Shox2, among others. The possible functional roles of these interneurons can be suggested from changes in the locomotor pattern generated in mutant mice lacking particular neuron types. Computational modeling of spinal circuits may complement these studies by bringing together data from different experimental studies and proposing the possible connectivity of these interneurons that may define rhythm generation, flexor–extensor interactions on each side of the cord, and commissural interactions between left and right circuits. This review focuses on the analysis of potential architectures of spinal circuits that can reproduce recent results and suggest common explanations for a series of experimental data on genetically identified spinal interneurons, including the consequences of their genetic ablation, and provides important insights into the organization of the spinal CPG and neural control of locomotion.
Genetic Diversity and Societally Important Disparities
Authors: Rosenberg Noah A , Kang Jonathan T L 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The magnitude of genetic diversity within human populations varies in a way that reflects the sequence of migrations by which people spread throughout the world. Beyond its use in human evolutionary genetics, worldwide variation in genetic diversity sometimes can interact with social processes to produce differences among populations in their relationship to modern societal problems. We review the consequences of genetic diversity differences in the settings of familial identification in forensic genetic testing, match probabilities in bone marrow transplantation, and representation in genome-wide association studies of disease. In each of these three cases, the contribution of genetic diversity to social differences follows from population-genetic principles. For a fourth setting that is not similarly grounded, we reanalyze with expanded genetic data a report that genetic diversity differences influence global patterns of human economic development, finding no support for the claim. The four examples describe a limit to the importance of genetic diversity for explaining societal differences while illustrating a distinction that certain biologically based scenarios do require consideration of genetic diversity for solving problems to which populations have been differentially predisposed by the unique history of human migrations.
Synapse-Assembly Proteins Maintain Synaptic Vesicle Cluster Stability and Regulate Synaptic Vesicle Transport in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Edwards Stacey L , Yorks Rosalina M , Morrison Logan M , Hoover Christopher M , Miller Kenneth G 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The functional integrity of neurons requires the bidirectional active transport of synaptic vesicles (SVs) in axons. The kinesin motor KIF1A transports SVs from somas to stable SV clusters at synapses, while dynein moves them in the opposite direction. However, it is unclear how SV transport is regulated and how SVs at clusters interact with motor proteins. We addressed these questions by isolating a rare temperature-sensitive allele of Caenorhabditis elegans unc-104 (KIF1A) that allowed us to manipulate SV levels in axons and dendrites. Growth at 20° and 14° resulted in locomotion rates that were ∼3 and 50% of wild type, respectively, with similar effects on axonal SV levels. Corresponding with the loss of SVs from axons, mutants grown at 14° and 20° showed a 10- and 24-fold dynein-dependent accumulation of SVs in their dendrites. Mutants grown at 14° and switched to 25° showed an abrupt irreversible 50% decrease in locomotion and a 50% loss of SVs from the synaptic region 12-hr post-shift, with no further decreases at later time points, suggesting that the remaining clustered SVs are stable and resistant to retrograde removal by dynein. The data further showed that the synapse-assembly proteins SYD-1, SYD-2, and SAD-1 protected SV clusters from degradation by motor proteins. In syd-1, syd-2, and sad-1 mutants, SVs accumulate in an UNC-104-dependent manner in the distal axon region that normally lacks SVs. In addition to their roles in SV cluster stability, all three proteins also regulate SV transport.
OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES FOR DEVELOPING CAULERPA RACEMOSA AS FUNCTIONAL FOODS
Authors: Fithriani Diini 
Published: September 2015

The higher public awareness of the health in community would made the view of some people for food has shifted, not only as relieving hunger, but also can provide a real impact for health. This phenomenon has resulted a term what is called functional food’. Functional food is defined as food which contain active compounds that play a role in increasing endurance, minimize the risk of attack of certain diseases and to provide maximum health benefits. One of marine resource that have a potency to develop as functional foods is Caulerpa racemosa. Caulerpa racemosa is one of green seaweed that grows naturally in the waters of Indonesia. Caulerpa racemosa found growing on coral substrate or a substrate of sand-rubble. Caulerpa racemosa is edible or can be consumed by humans. Caulerpa racemosa from Indonesia contains high insoluble dietary fiber. Insoluble dietary fiber contains cellulose and hemicellulose, who plays an important role in preventing constipation, colitis and hemmoroid. In other hand Caulerpa racemosa can also produce secondary metabolites, including antioxidants. Antioxidants are substances that are capable of slowing or preventing the oxidation processes that are beneficial to health.Keywords: antioxidant, Caulerpa racemosa, fiber, functional food, health
Nutrient limitation in tropical savannas across multiple scales and mechanisms
Authors: Pellegrini Adam F. A. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractNutrients have been hypothesized to influence the distribution of the savanna biome through two possible mechanisms. Low nutrient availability may restrict growth rates of trees, thereby allowing for intermittent fires to maintain low tree cover; alternatively, nutrient deficiency may even place an absolute constraint on the ability of forests to form, independent of fire. However, we have little understanding of the scales at which nutrient limitation operates, what nutrients are limiting, and the mechanisms that influence how nutrient limitation regulates savanna–forest transitions. Here, I review literature, synthesize existing data, and present a simple calculation of nutrient demand to evaluate how nutrient limitation may regulate the distribution of the savanna biome. The literature primarily supports the hypothesis that nutrients may interact dynamically with fire to restrict the transition of savanna into forest. A compilation of indirect metrics of nutrient limitation suggest that nitrogen and phosphorus are both in short supply and may limit plants. Nutrient demand calculations provided a number of insights. First, trees required high rates of nitrogen and phosphorus supply relative to empirically determined inputs. Second, nutrient demand increased as landscapes approached the transition point between savanna and forest. Third, the potential for fire‐driven nutrient losses remained high throughout transitions, which may exaggerate limitation and could be a key feedback stabilizing the savanna biome. Fourth, nutrient limitation varied between functional groups, with fast‐growing forest species having substantially greater nutrient demand and a higher susceptibility to fire‐driven nutrient losses. Finally, African savanna trees required substantially larger amounts of nutrients supplied at greater rates, although this varied across plant functional groups. In summary, the ability of nutrients to control transitions emerges at individual and landscape scales, and is regulated through different mechanisms based on spatial (differences in underlying geology), temporal (stage in biome transition) and biological (species traits and community composition) variability.
Thermal Activated Resin to Avoid Pressure Build-up in Casing-Casing Annulus (CCA)
Authors: Al-Ansari A. A. , Al-Refai I. M. , Al-Beshri M. H. , Pino R. M. , Leon G. A. , Knudsen K. , Sanabria A. E. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Pressure build up between cemented casings — in drilling and production wells — has been a major challenge all around the world. The cause, in most cases, is a poor cement job that allows fluids to migrate through micro channels from the formation all the way to the surface.
This problem has been solved by pumping or squeezing a polymeric based resin — with major bonding properties — that can be accurately designed for a specific setting or curing time, based on the application temperature.
This resin is pumped through annular injection ports in the well head. Due to the resin's particle free characteristic, there is no restriction or plugging risk while pumping. Once the resin is pumped down the annuli into the micro channels, it will set or cure and isolate the pressure build up from the source, providing a safe working environment at the surface.
Thermal activated resin is a new technology that has overcome a lot of traditional cementing problems. The resin acts as a fluid and can be designed on a wide range of weights and viscosities, and it can also be adjusted to react at a specific formation or ambient temperature.
This paper presents case histories on field applications and lab tests to support the efficiency and liability of solving Casing- Casing Annulus pressure build-up scenarios in the Middle East.