bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Syntheses of 5‐(3‐Arylsydnon‐4‐yl)Tetrazole Derivatives
Authors: Shih Mei‐Hsm , Lee Mei‐Jin , Yeh Mou‐Yung 
Published: May 2015

Abstract3‐Arylsydnone‐4‐carbohydroximic acid chlorides (1) could react with sodium azide to produce the corresponding 3‐arylsydnone‐4‐carbazidoximes (2), but not 1‐hydroxytetrazoles 3. Treatment of 3‐arylsydnone‐4‐carbazidoximes (2) with acid chlorides such as acetyl chloride (4a), propionyl chloride (4b) and benzoyl chloride (4c) in the presence of excess triethylamine generated the derivatives of the azidoximes 5. To obtain the desired tetrazoles, the azidoximes 2 should first cyclize directly with acetyl chloride (4a) or propionyl chloride (4b) to afford the acetyl or propionyl derivatives 6. The cyclized tetrazole derivatives 6 underwent deacylation upon heating in ethanol to give 1‐hydroxy‐5‐(3‐arylsydnon‐4‐yl)tetrazoles (3).
Synthesis and Antibacterial Activities of 2‐(1‐Aryl‐5‐Methyl‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)‐1,3,4‐Oxadiazole Derivatives
Authors: Zhang Yan , Qiao Ren‐Zhong , Xu Peng‐Fei , Zhang Zi‐Yi , Wang Qin , Mao Li‐Min , Yu Kai‐Bei 
Published: May 2015

AbstractEighteen novel 2‐(1‐aryl‐5‐methyl‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole derivatives and two acylhydrazone intermediate compounds were synthesized by various pathways starting from 1‐aryl‐5‐methyl‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐formhydrazide (1). All products were identified by spectroscopic analysis, and 2‐(1‐aryl‐5‐methyl‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)‐5‐benzalthio‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole was further validated by X‐ray crystallography. Results from primary antibacterial activity tests indicated that most of the compounds were effective against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, B. subtilis and S. aureus.
A Synthesis of Thalidomide
Authors: Chang Meng‐Yang , Chang Chung‐Ho , Chen Shui‐Tein , Chang Nein‐Chen 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA synthesis of racemic thalidomide (1) was described and the important formal [3+3] cycloaddition strategy was a keystep. The total yield of thalidomide (1) was 18% in five steps from known 3.
Gold(III)‐Induced Oxidation of Amino Acids and Malonic Acid: Reaction Pathways Studied by NMR Spectroscopy with Isotope Labelling
Authors: Zou Juan , Parkinson John A. , Sadler Peter J. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractReactions of Au(III) with biomolecules are of interest in relation to understanding the mechanism of action of therapeutic gold compounds. NMR investigations of 13C and 15N isotopically‐labelled glycine and alanine show that Au(III) induces deamination and subsequent decarboxylation of both amino acids with the same mechanism. For comparison, reactions of Au(III) with sarcosine and the dicarboxylic acid malonic acid were also investigated. The major intermediates and products have been identified.
Flotation Separation of Lead with Sodium Nitrate‐Potassium Iodide‐Cetyltrimethyl Ammonium Bromide System
Authors: Li Quanmin , Xing Yun , Shen Yiyang 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe flotation separation behavior of lead with Sodium Nitrate‐Potassium Iodide‐Cetyltrimethyl Ammonium Bromide system and the conditions for the separation of lead with other metal ions are studied in this research. With 0.1 M potassium iodide, 1.0 × 10−2 M Cetyltrimethyl Ammonium Bromide and 1.0 g/10 mL of sodium nitrate, Pb(II) can form an ion‐association complex (PbI42−) (CTMAB+)2 and be separated completely from Zn(II), Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Mn(II) and Al(III) by flotation at pH = 1.0–3.0.
Electroreduction of Polychlorobenzenes Using Either Lead or Copper Electrodes
Authors: Lin Shaw‐Tao , Chao Richard Yung‐Ho , Lin Sun‐Che , Lin Shu‐Fan 
Published: May 2015

AbstractPolychlorobenzenes can be reduced electrolytically to dichlorobenzenes by using either lead or copper as the electrodes in a MeOH/THF solution. Among the resultants of dichlorobenzenes, 1,4‐dichlorobenzene is a major product that might be due to a low enthalpy of formation. A chlorine atom situated at the ortho position of another chlorine atom in the benzene ring is removed prior to others. However, the sequence of reactivities of the polychlorobenzenes for electroreducing by lead electrodes in this study is as follows: 1,2,3,4‐C6H2Cl4 > 1,3,5‐C6H3Cl3 > C6HCl5 ∼ 1,2,4,5‐C6H2Cl4 > 1,2,3,5‐C6H2Cl4 ∼ 1,2,3‐C6H3Cl3 > 1,2,4‐C6H3Cl3 >C6Cl6.
First Total Synthesis of (±)‐Celaphanol A
Authors: Bie Pingyan , Zhang Chenglu , Li Anpai , Peng Xuanjia , Wu Tongxing , Pan Xinfu 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe first total synthesis of (±)‐Celaphanol A was accomplished starting from α‐cyclocitral and 3,4‐dimethoxy benzyl chloride in six steps. The intramolecular cyclization with BF3·Et2O and enolization in t‐BuOK/t‐BuOH were the key steps. The process of intramolecular cyclization afforded an all‐cis isomer intermediate for synthesis of aromatic tricyclic diterpenes.
Determination of Organochlorine Pesticides in Sediments from Authie Bay Using Microwave Assisted Solvent Extraction
Authors: Calvez Nicolas Le 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe aim of this study was to develop an analytical method to determine the organochlorine concentrations in sediments. Combination of Microwave assisted Solvent Extraction (MASE) and capillary gas chromatography with specific detection (electron capture detector) was a viable approach for the determination of pesticides in solid matrixes. In this study, MASE development was focused on the selection of a suitable extraction solvent for all the target analytes. MASE procedure was validated by comparison with conventional methods such as Soxhlet and sonication extraction. The proposed method was then applied to determine the organochlorine insecticides concentrations in samples from Authie Bay (France). Environmental water samples were analysed and five target analytes were detected in concentrations from 0.03 to 0.56 ng/g of dry sediment. These investigations showed the accumulation and the persistency of these products in sediments in spite of the fact they were banned a few decades ago.
Micellar Formation Study of Crown Ether Surfactants
Authors: Chou Fang‐Fei , Shih Jeng‐Shong 
Published: May 2015

AbstractFluorescence probe and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methods were employed to investigate the micellation of prepared crown ether surfactants, e.g. decyl 15‐crown‐5 and decyl 18‐crown‐6. Pyrene was employed as the fluorescence probe to evaluate the critical micellar concentration (CMC) of these surfactants in aqueous solutions while spin lattice relaxation times (T1) and chemical shifts of H‐1 NMR were applied in non‐aqueous solutions. Decyl 15‐crown‐5 with lower CMC forms micelles much easier than decyl 18‐crown‐6 with higher CMC in aqueous solutions, whereas decyl 18‐crown‐6 forms micelles easier than decyl 15‐crown‐5 in nonaqueous solutions. Comparison of the CMC of crown ether surfactants and other polyoxyethylene surfactants such as decylhexaethylene glycol was made. Effects of salts and solvents on the micellar formation were also investigated. In general, additions of both alkali metal salts and polar organic solvents into the aqueous surfactant solutions increased in the CMC of these surfactants. The formation of micelles in organic solvents such as methanol and acetonitrile was successfully observed by the NMR method while it was difficult to study these surfactants in organic solutions by the pyrene fluorescence probe method. The NMR study revealed that the formation of micelles resulted in the decrease in all H‐1 spin lattice relaxation times (T1) of hydrophobic groups, e.g. CH3 and CH2, and hydrophilic group OCH2 of these surfactants. However, upon the micellar formation, the H‐1 chemical shifts (δ) of these surfactant hydrophobic groups were found to shift to downfield (increased δ) while the chemical shift of the hydrophilic group OCH2 moved to up‐field. Comparison of the spin lattice relaxation time and H‐1 chemical shift methods was also made and discussed.
Tunneling Ionization Rates of Atoms and Molecules
Authors: Mishima K. , Hayashi M. , Yi J. , Lin S. H. , Selzle H. L. , Schlag E. W. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractWe present a review of our recent work on the improvements of the photoionization rate formulas of Keldysh theory (Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 47, 1945 (1964) [Sov. Phys. JETP 20, 1307 (1965)]. It is shown that a simple contour integration can be done for evaluating the transition amplitude, instead of the original saddle‐point method. The electron momentum dependence of the pre‐exponential factors is incorporated. Using the second order corrected Coulomb‐Volkov function for the continuous spectrum, more exact expressions are obtained. From our formulas, it is found that the first order Coulomb correction serves to lower the ionization potential and enhance the photoionization rates compared with that in the absence of the Coulomb correction. In addition, the second order correction modifies the Keldysh parameter, decreases the binding energy, and increases the photoionization rate relative to that of the first order Coulomb correction. The target systems in this work are one‐electron hydrogen‐like atoms and randomly oriented diatomic molecules.
Comparative Study between Carbonic and Sulfurous Acids for Dissociation Reaction
Authors: Lin Chiu‐Ling , Chu San‐Yan 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe conversion between carbonic acid and carbon dioxide plus water is of special significance in many biological and geochemical systems. In this work, we give a theoretical comparison study between H2CO3 and H2SO3 for the dissociation reaction in the environment of microsolvation with the size of the water cluster up to three water molecules,H2XO3 + (n‐1)H2O ⇌ XO2 +nH2O n = 1, 2, 3 X=C, SFrom the calculation of B3LYP/6‐31+G, we conclude that H2SO3 is more unstable than H2CO3 kinetically due to a smaller bond angle change of ∠OXO. It is also more unstable thermodynamically due to better solvation for the product XO2.
Chalcogen‐Bridging Iron Carbonyl Complexes: Cluster Growth and Reactivity Comparison
Authors: Shieh Minghuey , Lai Yun‐Wen 
Published: May 2015

AbstractQuite a number of chalcogen‐containing iron carbonyl clusters have been synthesized and structurally characterized, and the interesting structural transformations and reactivities of these clusters have been systematically investigated as well. In this short review, we would like to describe the recent developments on iron carbonyl incorporated chalcogen atom (E = Te, Se, S) clusters in our laboratory and will focus on the systematic synthesis, reactivity, and cluster growth in this exciting system.
The Electrochemical Properties of Water‐soluble Polyaniline‐V2O5 Nanocomposites
Authors: Wu Chun‐Guey , Hsu Shui‐Sheng , Hwang Jiunn‐Yih , Chung Ming‐Hau 
Published: May 2015

AbstractFlexible, conducting water‐soluble polyaniline/V2O5 nanocomposites: (PAPSA)xV2O5, (PSA)xV2O5, and (PAPSAH)xV2O5 were prepared by simply mixing water soluble polyaniline, poly(aniline‐co‐N‐(4‐sulfophenyl)aniline) (PAPSA), poly(N‐(4‐sulfophenyl)aniline) (PSA), and poly(aniline‐co‐N‐propanesulfonic acid‐aniline) (PAPSAH) with V2O5 wet gel at room temperature. XRD data showed that the interlayer spacing of polyaniline/V2O5 nanocomposites is equal to 11∼13 Å which is slightly bigger than that of pristine V2O5 which has one mole of water molecules in its layer gallery. Depth profile SIMS and Auger analysis revealed that the mixing of water‐soluble polyaniline and V2O5 is very homogeneous although there was no direct evidence showing that alternative layer of water‐soluble polyaniline and V2O5 was formed. Cyclic voltammograms of the nanocomposite films showed two pairs of red‐ox peaks with good reversibility. The redox potentials of the nano composites are different from those of water‐soluble polyaniline or V2O5. The color of the films can be yellowish green, green, brown, orange or purple, depending on the applied potentials and stoichiometry of the composites. The optical density ratio (ΔOD) of the nano composite films (< 4500 Å) is better than that of polymer and V2O5, due to the synergic effect of two electrochromic materials. ΔOD increased as the film thickness increased, and it is greater than 0.3 when the thickness of the composite film is larger than 2000 Å, indicating the potential application in electrochromic devices.
Synthesis and Properties of Novel Fluorinated Polyamides Based on 2‐Trifluoromethyl‐4,4′‐Diaminodiphenylether
Authors: Yang Chin‐Ping , Chen Ruei‐Shin , Chen Kuei‐Hung , Chen Ya‐Ping 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA series of soluble fluorinated polyamides (4a‐h) were synthesized from 2‐trifluoromethyl‐4,4′‐diaminodiphenylether (2) with various aromatic diacids (3a‐c) and imide‐containing diacids (3d‐h) via direct polycondensation with triphenyl phosphite and pyridine. Diamine 2 was prepared through nucleophilic substitution reaction of 2‐chloro‐5‐nitrobenzotrifluoride and 4‐nitrophenol in the presence of anhydrous K2CO3 to yield the dinitro compound, followed by catalytic reduction with hydrazine and Pd/C. These polymers had inherent viscosities ranging from 0.85 to 1.12 dL/g. All of the polyamides were soluble in aprotic polar solvents such as NMP, DMAc, DMF, and DMSO. Polymer films 4a‐h had tensile strengths of 77–95 MPa, elongations to break of 8–40%, and initial moduli of 1.6–2.2 GPa. The glass transition temperatures of these polymers were in the range of 235–268 °C, and the amount of carbonized residues of the polymers at 800 °C in nitrogen atmosphere were above 52%.
Rate Study of Haloadamantane Reduction by Samarium Diiodide
Authors: Lin Tzuen‐Yeuan , Fuh Ming‐Ren , Chen Yu‐Yu 
Published: May 2015

AbstractRate constants directly measured by GC/MS‐analyzed method for reduction of haloadamantanes by SmI2 in presence of HMPA and H2O were obtained. HMPA exhibits stronger catalytic effect than H2O does. The result of faster reaction rate of 1‐bromoadamantane than that of 2‐bromoadamantane can be used to confirm the formation of alkyl radical as the rate limiting step of this reduction.
Detailed Structural Characterizations of SBA‐15 and MCM‐41 Mesoporous Silicas on a High‐Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope
Authors: Lin Hong‐Ping , Tang Chih‐Yuan , Lin Ching‐Yen 
Published: May 2015

AbstractUsing high‐resolution transmission electronic micrograph (HR‐TEM) observation, one can clearly see the pore geometry of the MCM‐41 and SBA‐15 mesoporous silicas to determine that their pore shapes are hexagonal and round, respectively. With the perpendicular orientations of the nanochannels to the electron beam, parallel line images of the (100) and (110) repeating spacings were observed. In the SBA‐15 mesoporous silicas, there are byproducts of the granular silica and disordered mesostructures, attributed to the weak hydrogen interactions between Pluronic 123 blockcopolymer and the silica species. There are also many different and significant +π disclination defects in SBA‐15 and MCM‐41 surfactant‐silica composites. The SBA‐15 with a thicker silica wall is more stable under irradiation by high‐energy electron beams compared to MCM‐41, which has thinner wall thickness. Some carbon nanostructure impurities were found in some carbon films on the metal grids.
Preparation of the Solid Electrolytes Li4+xAlxSi1‐xO4‐yLi3PO4 and Their Ionic Conductivity
Authors: Chen Ru‐Fen , Song Xiu‐Qin , Liu Hua‐Ting 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe ion conductors Li4+xAlxSi1‐xO4‐yLi3PO4 (x = 0 to 0.5, y = 0 to 0.6) were prepared by the Sol‐Gel method. The powder and sintered samples were characterized by DTA‐TG, XRD, SEM, and AC impedance techniques. The conductivity and sinterability increased when y increased from 0 to 0.4 in the Li4+xAlxSi1‐xO4‐yLi3PO4. The particle size of the powder samples is about 0.13 μm. The maximum conductivity at 20 °C is 3.128 × 10−5s cm−1 for Li4.4Al0.4Si0.6O4‐0.4 Li3PO4.
Spectrophotometric Determination of Selected Antibiotics Using Prussian Blue Reaction
Authors: Farhadi Khalil , Ghadamgahi Sedigheh , Maleki Ramin , Asgari Feridoun Salek 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA simple, sensitive and accurate spectrophotometric method has been described for the determination of ampicillin(I), amoxicillin trihydrate(II) and cefazolin sodium(III). The procedure is based on the formation of Prussian Blue (PB) complex. The reaction between the acidic hydrolysis products of antibiotics (T = 60 °C) with mixture of Fe3+ and hexacyanoferrate(III) ions was evaluated for the spectrophotometric determination of the mentioned drugs. The maximum absorbance of the colored complex occurs at λ = 700 nm and the molar absorptivity is 3.0 × 104 1 mol−1cm−1. The effect of various parameters such as concentration of K3Fe(CN)6 and Fe3+, nature and amount of acids used, temperature and time of heating were investigated. Under optimum conditions the linear range of calibration graph was 2.0–12.0, 5.0–13.5 and 3.0–12.0 μg mL−1 for ampicillin, amoxicillin and cefazolin, respectively. The relative standard deviation for the determination of 10 μg mL−1 of antibiotics was about 0.5–1.5%. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of selected antibiotics from pharmaceutical preparations. The validity of the method was tested by the official methods and by the recovery studies of standard addition to pharmaceuticals.
1,8‐Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene: A Remarkable Base in the Debromination of 4‐ or 5‐Substituted N‐Benzyl α‐Bromo‐α‐p‐Toluenesulfonylglutarimide
Authors: Chang Meng‐Yang , Lin John, Yi‐Chung , Chen Shui‐Tein , Chang Nein‐Chen 
Published: May 2015

AbstractDebromination of N‐benzyl 4‐ or 5‐substituted α‐bromo‐α‐p‐toluenesulfonylglutarimides is achieved with 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene (DBU) to give the N‐benzyl 4‐ or 5‐substituted α‐p‐toluenesulfonylglutarimides. The DBU/THF system is applied to a new methodology for the synthesis of bicyclic glutarimide skeleton in moderate yields.
Regioselectivity in Reactions of Bis‐Hydrazonoyl Halides with Some Bifunctional Heterocycles
Authors: Shawali Ahmad S. , Abdallah Magda A. , Zayed Mohie E. M. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBis‐hydrazonoyl chloride 1 reacts regioselectively with 3‐mercapto‐1,2,4‐triazole 2a, 2,3‐dihydro‐3‐thioxo‐1,2,4‐triazin‐5(4H)‐one 2b and 2‐mercaptobenzimidazole 2c to give the hitherto unknown annelated 2,3‐bis‐(phenylhydrazono)thiazoles 6a‐c, respectively. Reactions of 1 with the methylthio derivatives of such heterocycles afforded the annelated 3,3′‐bis‐(1,2,4‐triazoles) 11a‐c, respectively. Similar reaction of 1 with 2‐phenylamino‐4(3H)‐pyrimidinones 4 gave 2,3‐bis(phenylhydrazono)imidazo[1,2‐a]pyrimidin‐5(1H)‐ones 16. Oxidation of 6c yielded the corresponding bis(phenylazo) derivative 15. The regiochemistry of the studied reactions is discussed.
Cyclization Reactions of 5‐Aminopyrazoles with β‐Ketoesters, Enamines and β‐Keto Anilides: New Synthetic Routes to Pyrazolo[1,5‐a]Pyrimidine Derivatives
Authors: El‐Taweel F. M. A. , Elmaati T. M. Abu 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidines 4, 10, 11 and 14 were synthesized from reaction of 4‐aryazo‐2,5‐diaminopyrazoles 1 with cyclic β‐ketoesters 2a,b or cyclic β‐ketoesters 7, 8 or acetoacetanilide 12, respectively. The reaction of 1 with the enamines 15, 16 and 17 yielded also the pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidines 18, 20 and 21, respectively.
Synthesis of Substituted Pyrazolo[3,4‐b]Pyridines
Authors: Khalil Mohamed A. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe synthesis of different substituted pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridines by the reaction of 3‐amino‐5‐chloro‐1‐phenylpyrazole‐4‐carboxaldehyde 1 as starting material with some active methylene reagents has been reported.
A Combined Effect of Thermal and Enzymatic Racemization for d‐Aspartic Acid to l‐Aspartic Acid by High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography Assay
Authors: Cheng Cheanyeh , Wu Shouh‐Chawn 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe racemization of d‐aspartic acid to l‐aspartic acid has been successfully performed with a coupled enzyme system at 90 °C and a pH of about 4.0 by the assay of high‐performance liquid chromatography. This coupled enzymatic racemization is a successive two‐step reaction first induced by d‐amino acid oxidase and a subsequent coupled reaction by an aminotransferase clonezyme with the help of coenzyme pyridoxal 5′‐phosphate and cosubstrate l‐glutamate. Due to the very high temperature, part of the l‐aspartic acid is produced by the thermal effect. In fact the thermal racemization for aspartic acid can proceed from either d‐ or l‐aspartic acid via an intermediate fumaric acid and leads to the formation of d,l‐malic acid. The formation of α‐oxalacetic acid formed irreversibly from d‐aspartic acid with d‐amino acid oxidase can induce a side reaction to l‐alanine. The thermal effect may also be responsible for the production of d‐, and l‐alanine.
Halogenated Monoterpenes Having a Cyclohexadienone from the Red Alga Portieria Hornemanni
Authors: Kuniyoshi Masayuki , Oshiro Naomasa , Miono Takayuki , Higa Tatsuo 
Published: May 2015

AbstractFive new ochtodane class monoterpenes have been isolated from two collections of the red alga Portieria hornemanni and their structures elucidated by spectroscopic analysis. These compounds contained 4,4‐dimethylcyclohexa‐2,5‐dienone in common and differed in the C2 side chain structure. Some of them showed mild cytotoxicity. Also discussed is the mechanism of the transformation of 2‐chloro‐1‐hydroxyochtoda‐3(8),5‐dien‐4‐one, a related labile compound reported previously, into 4,5‐dimethylbenzo[b]furan.
A Carbazole Derivative Synthesis for Stabilizing the Quadruplex Structure
Authors: Chang Cheng‐Chung , Wu Jin‐Yi , Chang Ta‐Chau 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA new molecule of 3,6‐Bis(1‐methyl‐4‐vinylpyridium iodine)carbazole (BMVC) was synthesized for stabilizing the quadruplex structure of human telomeric sequence of d(T2AG3)4 in vitro. Mixing BMVC with the DNA can raise the melting temperature of the d(T2AG3)4 by ∼ 13 °C, implying that BMVC could be a useful telomerase inhibitor. In addition, the fluorescence of the BMVC increased significantly upon interacting with the d(T2AG3)4 which may be useful as a G‐quadruplex specific marker.
Synthesis of α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones and Esters Using Polymer‐supported Selenium Bromide
Authors: Sheng Shou‐Ri , Liu Xiao‐Ling , Wang Xing‐Cong 
Published: May 2015

AbstractTreatment of the polymer‐supported α‐phenylseleno ketones and esters prepared from polymer‐supported selenium bromide with ketone and ester enolates with hydrogen peroxide afford α,β‐unsaturated ketones and esters in good yields and high purities.
New Triterpenoid Fatty Acid Esters from the Small Twigs of Viburnum Odoratissimum
Authors: Shen Ya‐Ching , Prakash Chaturvedula Venkata Sai , Wang Li‐Tang , Chien Ching‐Te , Hung Meng‐Chieh 
Published: May 2015

Abstractα‐Amyrin margarate (1), moretenyl margarate (2) and moretenyl palmitate (3), three triterpenoid fatty acid esters, have been isolated from the acetone extract of the small twigs of Viburnum odoratissimum in addition to the three known compounds, α‐amyrin palmitate (4), ursolic acid (7) and vibsanin‐K (8). The structures of compounds 1–3 were elucidated based on extensive spectroscopic analysis and alkaline hydrolysis. Preliminary pharmacological studies revealed that vibsanin‐K and ursolic acid exhibited significant cytotoxicity against human gastric (NUGC) and oral epidermoid (HONE‐1) tumor cells at a concentration of 50 μg/mL while compounds 1–3 were inactive.
An Ethylenedioxy Flavonoid Carboxylic Acid from Limnophila Indica
Authors: Brahmachari G. , Sohel S. M. A. , Mondal D. Gorai S. , Misrti B. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe hexane extract of the aerial parts and roots of Limnophila indica yielded a new flavone, 3′,4′‐ethylenedioxy‐5‐hydroxy‐3‐(1‐hydroxy‐1‐methylethyl)‐6,7‐dimethyl‐5′‐methoxyflavone‐8‐carboxylic acid (1), characterized by spectral studies.
Formal Total Synthesis of (±)‐Dimethyl Secologanoside
Authors: Tai Huo‐Mu , Huang Ming‐Hsing , Yang Chau‐Chen 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA formal total synthesis of the iridoid monoterpene (±)‐dimethyl secologanoside (6) is described. The Norrish I type fragmentation of bicyclo[2.2.1]heptannone 9 is the key step.