bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased incidence of pseudarthrosis after unilateral instrumented transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion in patients with lumbar spondylosis
Authors: Gologorsky Yakov , Skovrlj Branko , Steinberger Jeremy , Moore Max , Arginteanu Marc , Moore Frank , Steinberger Alfred 
Published: August 2014

Object
Transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) with segmental pedicular instrumentation is a wellestablished procedure used to treat lumbar spondylosis with or without spondylolisthesis. Available biomechanical and clinical studies that compared unilateral and bilateral constructs have produced conflicting data regarding patient outcomes and hardware complications.

Methods
A prospective cohort study was undertaken by a group of neurosurgeons. They prospectively enrolled 80 patients into either bilateral or unilateral pedicle screw instrumentation groups (40 patients/group). Demographic data collected for each group included sex, age, body mass index, tobacco use, and Workers' Compensation/litigation status. Operative data included segments operated on, number of levels involved, estimated blood loss, length of hospital stay, and perioperative complications. Long-term outcomes (hardware malfunction, wound dehiscence, and pseudarthrosis) were recorded. For all patients, preoperative baseline and 6-month postoperative scores for Medical Outcomes 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) outcomes were recorded.

Results
Patient follow-up times ranged from 37 to 63 months (mean 52 months). No patients were lost to follow-up. The patients who underwent unilateral pedicle screw instrumentation (unilateral cohort) were slightly younger than those who underwent bilateral pedicle screw instrumentation (bilateral cohort) (mean age 42 vs 47 years, respectively; p = 0.02). No other significant differences were detected between cohorts with regard to demographic data, mean number of lumbar levels operated on, or distribution of the levels operated on. Estimated blood loss was higher for patients in the bilateral cohort, but length of stay was similar for patients in both cohorts. The incidence of pseudarthrosis was significantly higher among patients in the unilateral cohort (7 patients [17.5%]) than among those in the bilateral cohort (1 patient [2.5%]) (p = 0.02). Wound dehiscence occurred for 1 patient in the unilateral cohort. Reoperation was offered to 8 patients in the unilateral cohort and 1 patient in the bilateral cohort (p = 0.03). The physical component scores of the Medical Outcomes SF-36 outcomes improved significantly for all patients (p < 0.001).

Conclusions
Transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion with either unilateral or bilateral segmental pedicular instrumentation is an effective treatment for lumbar spondylosis. Because patients with unilateral constructs were 7 times more likely to experience pseudarthrosis and require reoperation, TLIF with bilateral constructs might be the biomechanically superior technique.
« Percer » sur la Toile
Authors: Aterianus-Owanga Alice 
Published: August 2014

À Libreville, le déploiement récent des TIC a été à l’origine de nombreuses transformations dans le quotidien des jeunes, et plus particulièrement auprès des artistes du mouvement rap, genre qui rencontre un grand engouement auprès des audiences urbaines.Cette contribution interroge les usages de la Toile développés par quelques rappeurs de Libreville, en rapport avec leur désir de « percer » et de tisser des liens entre leur contexte local et un contexte international objet de multiples aspirations. Sur la Toile, se projettent des techniques de présentation du soi, mais aussi des aspirations collectives de reconnaissance d’un patrimoine ou d’une « identité » nationale vis-à-vis du marché mondial. En contraste avec les images de fluidité et d’accroissement des échanges communément associées au Net, les réseaux qui s’épanouissent par le canal du numérique sont aussi structurés autour de nœuds et de points de contrôle reproduisant les rapports de force et les logiques hiérarchiques de cet univers musical.
Middle‐Down and Top‐Down Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Co‐occurring Histone Modifications
Authors: Molden Rosalynn C. , Garcia Benjamin A. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractHistones are chromatin proteins that are highly modified with many different types of post‐translational modifications. These modifications act in concert to regulate a number of chromatin‐related processes. However, identification and quantification of co‐occurring histone post‐translational modifications is challenging because there are many potential combinations of modifications and because the commonly used strategy of fragmenting proteins using trypsin or an alternative protease prior to LC‐MS/MS analysis results in the loss of connectivity between modifications on different peptides. In this unit, mass spectrometric methods to analyze combinatorial histone modifications on histone tails (middle‐down mass spectrometry) and on intact histones (top‐down mass spectrometry) are described. Curr. Protoc. Protein Sci. 77:23.7.1‐23.7.28. © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Using Organotypic (Raft) Epithelial Tissue Cultures for the Biosynthesis and Isolation of Infectious Human Papillomaviruses
Authors: Ozbun Michelle A. , Patterson Nicole A. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPapillomaviruses have a strict tropism for epithelial cells, and they are fully reliant on cellular differentiation for completion of their life cycles, resulting in the production of progeny virions. Thus, a permissive environment for full viral replication in vitro–wherein virion morphogenesis occurs under cooperative viral and cellular cues–requires the cultivation of epithelium. Presented in the first section of this unit is a protocol to grow differentiating epithelial tissues that mimic many important morphological and biochemical aspects of normal skin. The technique involves growing epidermal cells atop a dermal equivalent consisting of live fibroblasts and a collagen lattice. Epithelial stratification and differentiation ensues when the keratinocyte‐dermal equivalent is placed at the air‐liquid interface. The apparent floating nature of the cell‐matrix in this method led to the nickname “raft” cultures. The general technique can be applied to normal low passage keratinocytes, to cells stably transfected with papillomavirus genes or genomes, or keratinocytes established from neoplastic lesions. However, infectious papillomavirus particles have only been isolated from organotypic epithelial cultures initiated with cells that maintain oncogenic human papillomavirus genomes in an extrachomosomal replicative form. The second section of this unit is dedicated to a virion isolation method that minimizes aerosol and skin exposure to these human carcinogens. Although the focus of the protocols is on the growth of tissues that yields infectious papillomavirus progeny, this culture system facilitates the investigation of these fastidious viruses during their complex replicative cycles, and raft tissues can be manipulated and harvested at any point during the process. Importantly, a single‐step virus growth cycle is achieved in this process, as it is unlikely that progeny virions are released to initiate subsequent rounds of infection. Curr. Protoc. Microbiol. 34:14B.3.1‐14B.3.18. © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Aminosulfonylation of Arenes, Sulfur Dioxide, and Hydrazines Cocatalyzed by Gold(III) Chloride and Palladium Acetate
Authors: Ye Shengqing , Wang Huanhuan , Xiao Qing , Ding Qiuping , Wu Jie 
Published: August 2014

AbstractN‐Amino‐sulfonamides can be prepared via a gold(III) and palladium(II) cocatalyzed reaction of arenes, sulfur dioxide, and hydrazines. In the course of the reaction, CH functionalization and aminosulfonylation processes are involved.magnified image
Catalytic Oxidation of β‐Keto Esters by Manganese(III)/ Cobalt(II) and Consecutive Cyclization to Heterocycles
Authors: Ju Yeming , Miao Di , Seo Jeong Gil , Koo Sangho 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe manganese(III)‐mediated oxidation of β‐keto esters becomes catalytic by the addition of a second cobalt(II) oxidant. This radical‐initiated oxidation of β‐keto esters is general under aerobic condition to produce α‐oxo esters, which may consecutively undergo further heterocyclizations, either by intramolecular Diels–Alder reaction to dihydropyrans or by aromatic cyclization to furans depending upon the substitution pattern at the δ‐carbon. Since acetoacetates are very useful in carbon‐carbon bond formation with allylic halides to give various β‐keto esters, this one‐pot catalytic oxidation and heterocyclization provides an efficient repertoire for the construction of diverse heterocyclic compounds.magnified image
In Situ Preparation of a Ti3+ Self‐Doped TiO2 Film with Enhanced Activity as Photoanode by N2H4 Reduction
Authors: Mao Chengyu , Zuo Fan , Hou Yang , Bu Xianhui , Feng Pingyun 
Published: August 2014

AbstractA new synthetic method to fabricate Ti3+‐modified, highly stable TiO2 photoanodes for H2O oxidation is reported. With Ti foil as both the conducting substrate and the Ti3+/Ti4+ source, one‐dimensional blue Ti3+/TiO2 crystals were grown by a one‐step hydrothermal reaction. The concentration of Ti3+ was further tuned by N2H4 reduction, leading to a greater photoelectrocatalytic activity, as evidenced by a high photocurrent density of 0.64 mA cm−2 at 1.0 V vs RHE under simulated AM 1.5 G illumination. Electron paramagnetic resonance and Mott–Schottky plots reveal that higher charge‐carrier density owing to N2H4 reduction contributes to the observed improvement. The generality of this synthesis method was demonstrated by its effectiveness in improving the performance of other types of photoanodes. By integrating the advantages of the 1D TiO2 architecture with those of Ti3+ self‐doping, this work provides a versatile tool toward the fabrication of efficient TiO2 photoanodes.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Dihydrofurans through Copper‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Formal [3+2] Cycloaddition of β‐Ketoesters with Propargylic Esters
Authors: Zhu Fu‐Lin , Wang Ya‐Hui , Zhang De‐Yang , Xu Jie , Hu Xiang‐Ping 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAn enantioselective synthesis of highly functionalized dihydrofurans through a copper‐catalyzed asymmetric [3+2] cycloaddition of β‐ketoesters with propargylic esters has been developed. With a combination of Cu(OTf)2 and a chiral tridentate P,N,N ligand as the catalyst, a variety of 2,3‐dihydrofurans bearing an exocyclic double bond at the 2 position were obtained in good chemical yields and with good to high enantioselectivities. The exocyclic double bond can be hydrogenated in a highly diastereoselective fashion to give unusual cis‐2,3‐dihydrofuran derivatives, thus further enhancing the scope of this transformation.
Combined in silico and in vivo studies shed insights into the acute acetylcholinesterase response in rat and human brain
Authors: Nazam Nazia , Shaikh Sibhghatulla , Lone Mohammad Iqbal , Sharma Monika , Ahmad Waseem 
Published: August 2014

AbstractCombined in vivo and in silico studies were undertaken to gain insights into the change in mammalian brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity under acute toxicity conditions in response to two representatives of organophosphates (OPs)—dichlorvos (DCV) and dimethoate (DM). In vivo experiments elucidated that DCV, at multiple sublethal doses for acute time periods, markedly reduced (10–25%) AChE activity, whereas with DM intoxication, a decrease in enzyme activity appeared to be lower, that is, (2–15%), in contrast to respective normal control (100%). Furthermore, a significant inhibition (P < 0.01) in the brain esterase activity was recorded for positive control animals treated with an alkylating agent—cyclophosphamide, with spontaneous reactivation at later time periods. In vivo results were further substantiated with in silico molecular docking analysis using “Autodock 4.2.” The lowest binding energy obtained through the computational study strongly augment that DCV binds to brain AChE with greater affinity compared with DM with reference to ∆G and Ki values. Thus, the animal biochemical assay and computational assessment suggest that DM is better to be used over DCV. The precautionary antidote for exposed humans can be developed prior to dealing with OPs. The study will aid in efficacious and safe clinical use of the above‐mentioned compounds.
Selbstdichtungsverhalten von Trennrissen in Stahlbetonkonstruktionen unter Einwirkung von landwirtschaftlichen Flüssigkeiten
Authors: Nacke Claudia , Hornig Ute , Dehn Frank 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIm Rahmen eines innerhalb des Länderfinanzierungsprogramms “Wasser, Boden, Abfall” geförderten Forschungsvorhabens wurde das Durchflussverhalten von landwirtschaftlichen Flüssigkeiten in Trennrissen untersucht, um belastbare Aussagen zu erhalten, ob und in welchem Umfang Selbstdichtungsprozesse nachgewiesen und welche Rissweiten für diese Flüssigkeiten rechnerisch in Ansatz gebracht werden können.Self‐healing behaviour of separating cracks in reinforced concrete structures under the influence of agricultural liquidsIn the context of a Federal States program “Water, Soil, Waste” financially supported research project, the percolation behaviour of agricultural liquids in cracks was investigated in order to derive conclusive statements how and to which extent self‐healing processes can be proven for the aforementioned fluids and which crack widths are calculatory set.
Temporärer Korrosionsschutz von Spanngliedern
Authors: Schacht Gregor , Hampel Torsten , Curbach Manfred 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIm Spannbetonbau kann es aus unterschiedlichen Gründen zu einer zeitlichen Verzögerung zwischen Einbau, Vorspannen und Verpressen von Spanngliedern kommen, was es erforderlich machen kann, eingebaute Spannglieder für eine gewisse Zeit sicher vor einer Korrosion zu schützen. Der Beitrag gibt zunächst einen Überblick über bekannte Untersuchungen und Erfahrungen bei der Anwendung verschiedener temporärer Korrosionsschutzmaßnahmen an Versuchskörpern und Brückenbauwerken. Im Anschluss werden über die Erfahrungen aus einer praktischen Anwendung einer Lufttrocknung bei einem Brückenbauwerk berichtet und der Korrosionszustand der Spannglieder beurteilt. Abschließend werden Empfehlungen abgeleitet, unter welchen Voraussetzungen der temporäre Korrosionsschutz durch eine Trockenluftspülung sicher und zuverlässig gewährleistet werden kann.Temporary corrosion protection – State of the Art and Field ReportIn prestressed concrete constructions there are different reasons for time delays between manufacturing, prestressing and grouting of prestressing tendons, which can require a temporary corrosion protection of the build‐in and pretensioned tendons for a certain time period. The paper gives an overview of the experimental investigations and experiences in the application of different temporary corrosion protection methods in laboratory test and bridges. Afterwards the experiences of a practical application of a dry air corrosion protection at a bridge construction are presented and the state of corrosion of the tendons is analyzed. Finally recommendations are derived, under which conditions a save and reliable temporary corrosion protection with dry air can be achieved.
Catalytic Oxidative Carbonylation over Cu2O Nanoclusters Supported on Carbon Materials: The Role of the Carbon Support
Authors: Yan Bing , Huang Shouying , Wang Shengping , Ma Xinbin 
Published: August 2014

AbstractStable catalysts prepared by dispersing Cu2O nanoparticles on activated carbon were investigated in the oxidative carbonylation of methanol to dimethyl carbonate. The effect of the surface oxygen containing groups (OCGs) on the rate of dimethyl carbonate formation and the selectivities of the catalyst for dimethyl carbonate and the byproduct methyl formate were determined. The carbon support surface OCGs played a key role in the oxidative carbonylation. For carbon supports with the same amount of OCGs, the highest catalytic activity was achieved at a certain level of Cu loading. The optimal Cu loading as well as catalytic activity increased linearly with the amount of OCGs. The active sites of the catalysts were the Cu2O nanoparticles that coordinated to the OCGs on the carbon surface.
Oxidative Cyclization Reaction of 2‐Aryl‐Substituted Cinnamates To Form Phenanthrene Carboxylates by Using MoCl5
Authors: Wehming Kathrin , Schubert Moritz , Schnakenburg Gregor , Waldvogel Siegfried R. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is Siegfried R. Waldvogel and co‐workers at Mainz University and Bonn University. The image depicts MoCl5 as an inexpensive, but powerful and fast‐reacting reagent for the oxidative coupling of aryls. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201403442.
Micro‐scale blood particulate dynamics using a non‐uniform rational B‐spline‐based isogeometric analysis
Authors: Chivukula V. , Mousel J. , Lu J. , Vigmostad S. 
Published: August 2014

SUMMARYThe current research presents a novel method in which blood particulates – biconcave red blood cells (RBCs) and spherical cells are modeled using isogeometric analysis, specifically Non‐Uniform Rational B‐Splines (NURBS) in 3‐D. The use of NURBS ensures that even with a coarse representation, the geometry of the blood particulates maintains an accurate description when subjected to large deformations. The fundamental advantage of this method is the coupling of the geometrical description and the stress analysis of the cell membrane into a single, unified framework. Details on the modeling approach, implementation of boundary conditions and the membrane mechanics analysis using isogeometric modeling are presented, along with validation cases for spherical and biconcave cells. Using NURBS – based isogeometric analysis, the behavior of individual cells in fluid flow is presented and analyzed in different flow regimes using as few as 176 elements for a spherical cell and 220 elements for a biconcave RBC. This work provides a framework for modeling a large number of 3‐D deformable biological cells, each with its own geometric description and membrane properties. To the best knowledge of the authors, this is the first application of the NURBS – based isogeometric analysis to model and simulate blood particulates in flow in 3D. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simulated Performance of Reactor Configurations for Hot‐Water Pretreatment of Sugarcane Bagasse
Authors: Archambault‐Léger Véronique , Shao Xiongjun , Lynd Lee R. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractDuring the pretreatment of cellulosic biomass for subsequent microbial or enzymatic processing, the fiber reactivity typically increases with increasing severity but so does sugar degradation. Experimental results with sugarcane bagasse show that this tradeoff can be mitigated substantially by pretreatment in a flow‐through (FT) mode. A model that incorporates both kinetics and mass transfer was developed to simulate the performance of pretreatment in plug flow, counter‐current flow, cross flow, discrete counter‐current and partial FT configurations. The simulated results compare well to the literature for bagasse pretreated in both batch and FT configurations. A variety of FT configurations result in sugar degradation that is very low (1–5 %) and 5–20‐fold less than a conventional plug flow configuration. The performance exhibits strong sensitivity to the extent of hemicellulose solubilization, particularly for a conventional plug flow configuration.
Divalent Transition Metal Silylamide Ate Complexes
Authors: König Sonja N. , Schneider David , Maichle‐Mössmer Cäcilia , Day Benjamin M. , Layfield Richard A. , Anwander Reiner 
Published: August 2014

AbstractDimetallic ate complexes were synthesized from the divalent transition metal silylamide complexes {Fe[N(SiMe3)2]2}2, Cr[N(SiMe3)2]2(thf), Co[N(SiMe3)2]2(thf)2, and {Mn[N(SiHMe2)2]2}2 (thf = tetrahydrofuran) by the addition of the corresponding lithium or sodium silylamide salt. Accordingly, donor‐free LiFe[N(SiMe3)2]3 and NaMn[N(SiHMe2)2]3 as well as thf‐coordinated (thf)NaCr[N(SiMe3)2]3 and (thf)NaCo[N(SiMe3)2]3 were obtained. The thf‐containing mixed iron(II)/lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide complex (thf)LiFe[N(SiMe3)2]3 was synthesized by the simple addition of thf to the donor‐free complex LiFe[N(SiMe3)2]3. All of the complexes were characterized by IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis, and the effective magnetic moments in solution were determined by the Evans method. The solid‐state structures of these bis(trimethylsilyl)amido‐derived complexes were additionally determined by X‐ray crystallography.
One‐Pot α‐Amidosulfone‐Mediated Variation of the Pictet–Spengler Tetrahydroisoquinoline Synthesis, Suitable for Amide‐Type Substrates
Authors: Arroyo Francisco J. , López‐Alvarado Pilar , Ganesan A. , Menéndez J. Carlos 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe development of Pictet–Spengler reactions from amide substrates is a challenging problem. We report here that the reaction between amide‐type compounds (including carbamates, amides, ureas and diketopiperazines), aldehydes and p‐toluenesulfinic acid constitutes an efficient method for the preparation of tetrahydroisoquinolines or pyrazino[2,1‐b]isoquinolines. Unlike previously known methods, this one‐pot Pictet–Spengler protocol avoids the need for strong Lewis or Brønsted acid catalysts.
Space‐time structure of extreme precipitation in Europe over the last century
Authors: Cioffi Francesco , Lall Upmanu , Rus Ester , Krishnamurthy Chandra Kiran B. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTWe investigate the space‐time structure of extreme precipitation in Europe over the last century, using daily rainfall data from the European Climate Assessment & Dataset (ECA&D) archive. The database includes 267 stations with records longer than 100 years. In the winter season (October to March), for each station, two classes of daily rainfall amount values are selected that, respectively, exceed the 90th and 95th percentile of daily rainfall amount over all the 100 years. For each class, and at each location, an annual time series of the frequency of exceedance and of the total precipitation, defined respectively as the number of days the rainfall threshold (90th and 95th percentiles) is exceeded and total precipitation on days when the percentile is exceeded, are developed. Space‐time structure of the frequency and total precipitation time series at the different locations are then pursued using multivariate time and frequency domain methods. The identified key trends and organized spectral modes are linked to well‐known climate indices, as North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The spectra of the leading principal component of frequency of exceedance and of total precipitation have a peak with a 5‐year period that is significant at the 5% level. These are also significantly correlated with ENSO series with this period. The spectrum of total rainfall is significant at the 10% level with a period of ∼8 years. This appears to be significantly correlated to the NAO index at this period. Thus, a decomposition of both secular trends and quasi‐periodic behaviour in extreme daily rainfall is provided.