bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrahigh Energy Density Achieved at High Efficiency in Dielectric Capacitors by Regulating α‐Phase Crystallization in Polypropylene Films with Fluorinated Groups
Authors: Li Wenxuan , Wang Qiuwei , Zhang Guanxiang , He Yijin , Qin Ba , Zhang Xiao , Liu Zhenxue , Gong Honghong , Zhang Zhicheng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPolypropylene (PP)‐based dielectric film capacitors cannot meet the rapid development requirements of electromagnetic energy equipment because of their low energy storage density (Ue). The development of new dielectric materials is hampered by the trade‐off between high energy storage properties and thin film processibility for capacitors. This study proposes a strategy to improve the comprehensive energy storage properties of PP films by reconciling the trade‐offs not only between their polarity and crystallinity but also between their energy storage and processing performance. In this approach, a trifluoroethyl methacrylate (TFEMA) modified PP film is fabricated at the kilogram scale. The TFEMA units regulate PP crystallization in the α‐phase, resulting in improved mechanical, dielectric, and energy storage performance. The optimal PP‐g‐TFEMA film exhibits a remarkable breakdown strength (Eb) of 865 MV m−1 and a record Ue of 8.2 J cm−3 at over 90% discharge efficiency. The promising thin film processibility, excellent self‐healing, and long‐term reliability of PP are finely preserved in the aluminum (Al) coated PP‐g‐TFEMA film. These findings present a novel avenue to significantly increase the Ue of film capacitors for long‐term service not only in academia but also in industry.
Observation of Antiferroelectric Domain Walls in a Uniaxial Hyperferroelectric
Authors: Conroy Michele , Småbråten Didrik René , Ophus Colin , Shapovalov Konstantin , Ramasse Quentin M. , Hunnestad Kasper Aas , Selbach Sverre M. , Aschauer Ulrich , Moore Kalani , Gregg J. Marty , Bangert Ursel , Stengel Massimiliano , Gruverman Alexei , Meier Dennis 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFerroelectric domain walls are a rich source of emergent electronic properties and unusual polar order. Recent studies show that the configuration of ferroelectric walls can go well beyond the conventional Ising‐type structure. Néel‐, Bloch‐, and vortex‐like polar patterns have been observed, displaying strong similarities with the spin textures at magnetic domain walls. Here, the discovery of antiferroelectric domain walls in the uniaxial ferroelectric Pb5Ge3O11 is reported. Highly mobile domain walls with an alternating displacement of Pb atoms are resolved, resulting in a cyclic 180° flip of dipole direction within the wall. Density functional theory calculations show that Pb5Ge3O11 is hyperferroelectric, allowing the system to overcome the depolarization fields that usually suppress the antiparallel ordering of dipoles along the longitudinal direction. Interestingly, the antiferroelectric walls observed under the electron beam are energetically more costly than basic head‐to‐head or tail‐to‐tail walls. The results suggest a new type of excited domain‐wall state, expanding previous studies on ferroelectric domain walls into the realm of antiferroic phenomena.
Efficient Reduction of Casimir Forces by Self‐Assembled Bio‐Molecular Thin Films
Authors: Sedmik René I.P. , Urech Alexander , Zalevsky Zeev , Carmeli Itai 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCasimir forces arise if the spectrum of electromagnetic fluctuations are restricted by boundaries. There is great interest both in fundamental science and technical applications to better understand and technically control these forces. In this work, the influence of five different self‐assembled bio and organic monolayer thin films on the Casimir force between a plate and a sphere is experimentally investigated. It is found that the films, despite being a mere few nanometers thick, reduce the Casimir force by up to 14%. Spectroscopic data indicate a broad absorption band whose presence can be attributed to the mixing of electronic states of the underlying gold layer and those of the molecular film due to charge rearrangement. Using Lifshitz theory, it is calculated that the observed change in the Casimir force is consistent with the measured change in the effective dielectric properties. The nanometer‐sized molecules can penetrate small cavities, and cover any surface with high efficiency. This process seems compatible with current methods in the production of micro‐electromechanical systems (MEMS), which cannot be miniaturized beyond a certain size due to ‘stiction’ caused by the Casimir effect. This approach can therefore offer a practical solution for this problem.
Chemical Vapor Deposition Growth of Vertical Graphene/WSe2 Heterostructures with Interlayer Twists
Authors: Zhou Xiahong , Liu Mengya , Xue Xudong , Liu Shan , Yu Gui 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe interlayer twist is a new degree of freedom for forming moiré superlattices in 2D vertical heterostructures, which is expected to play an important role in the emerging field of twistronics. The constructions of heterostructures by transfer and re‐stacking way have low efficiency and are prone to causing interface pollution. In this study, vertical molybdenum diselenide (WSe2)/graphene heterostructures with twisted angles are realized by using two‐step chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth strategy. The WSe2/graphene heterostructures exhibit Raman and photoluminescence (PL) responses of both WSe2 and graphene. The PL quenching of WSe2 in the heterostructures manifests that direct CVD growth is conducive to the formation of a cleaner interlayer interface between WSe2 and graphene layers, resulting in better interlayer coupling. The adhesion and surface potential differences indicate the formation of hetero‐bilayer stacks. By analyzing the apparent growth orientations and crystal diffractions, vertical WSe2/graphene heterostructures exhibit a wide range of interlayer twisted angles (3.6–46.5°). The difference between the growth behavior with twisted angles and the typical epitaxial growth mode may originate from the heterogeneous nucleation, leading to interlayer twists of the hetero‐bilayers. These findings provide a facile protocol for the preparations of twisted hetero‐bilayers and a material system for fundamental research of twistronics.
Prominent Enhancement of Nonlinear Optical Absorption in SnS2 Nanosheets through Controllable Electrodeposition of Porphyrins
Authors: Ke Yuting , Li Hui , Humphrey Mark G. , Zhang Bin , Wang Jun , Liu Yanliang , Cong Ridong , Zhang Chi , Huang Zhipeng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractConstructing organic‐inorganic composites presents a promising approach to enhance the nonlinear optical (NLO) response of materials. However, the effectiveness of this approach is impeded by the complexity of synthesis procedures and challenges in controlling the loading amount. Herein, a convenient and controllable electrodeposition method to non‐covalently combine SnS2 with tetracationic porphyrin (TMPyP) and the remarkable enhancement in NLO absorption of the resultant composite, are introduced. Through this method, a series of SnS2/TMPyP thin films are synthesized, allowing for the regulation of porphyrin loading via varying the deposition time. These resultant SnS2/TMPyP composites exhibit prominent nonlinear absorption coefficients when subjected to femtosecond laser irradiation of varying wavelengths. Notably, the compound with an electrochemical deposition time of 30 s achieves the largest third‐order nonlinear absorption coefficient of 6155 ± 243 cm GW−1 under 800 nm laser excitation, marking an 8.9‐fold increase compared to pristine SnS2 nanosheets. Based on the staggered energy level structure between TMPyP and SnS2, effective enhancement of charge separation/transfer is achieved by leveraging the unique π‐conjugated groups of porphyrins, which facilitates the NLO process and improves the NLO performance of films.
Subdiffraction‐Limited Motheye‐Like Metastructures Fabrication by Dual‐Beam Overexposure Methodology Enhancing Broadband Infrared Antireflective Application
Authors: Ran Peng , Wang Qingsong , Wang Jiong , Chen Wenbo , Zhao Zeyu , Ma Xiaoliang , Li Xiong , Pu Mingbo , Luo Xiangang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMaterials possessing broadband antireflective properties benefit applications of military camouflage, photovoltaic devices, and highly transparent windows. In this work, large area, high throughput subdiffraction‐limited motheye‐like metastructures featuring broadband infrared (3–12 µm) antireflectivity are realized through dual‐beam overexposure shrinking strategy and subsequent controllable anisotropic reactive‐ion‐etching process. Both overexposure and overdevelopment processes severely controlled in conventional lithography processes, attribute significantly to improving linewidth resolution to <150 nm when photoresist thickness exceeding 500 nm, even to one micron. For antireflective application, the motheye profiles with customized anisotropic ratio (>3.27) and tunable taper‐angle range (>12.2°) are also realized by regulating the competition of directional ion bombardment and isotropic chemical etching in sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) plasma. The corresponding reflectivity is theoretically well‐simulated and experimentally validated after accounting for the tunable profiles and fractional volume coverage of motheye‐like structures. A low reflectivity <2.0% with the uniformity of ±4.8% and averaged to 1.2% across the overall spectrum of 3–12 µm are achieved. Implementing such efficient shrinking approach can possess huge potential in applications of military camouflage, photovoltaic devices, and highly transparent windows.
Self‐Calibrated Thermometer and Dynamic Anti‐Counterfeiting Based on YNbO4:Pr3+ Luminescent Material
Authors: Chen Yuqi , Zhao Fangyi , Qiang Kangrui , Mao Qinan , Yang Heyi , Zhu Yiwen , Liu Meijiao , Zhong Jiasong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPhosphors with multifunctional applications have attracted extensive research, especially in thermometer and anti‐counterfeiting fields. Herein, a series of Pr3+‐doped YNbO4 (YNO) phosphors with adjustable photoluminescence and red persistent luminescence (PersL) performances are developed. YNO host exhibits the blue self‐activated luminescence, and the different Pr3+ emission peaks possess various thermal stability properties due to the thermal quenching channel generated by the intervalence charge transfer state between Pr3+ and Nb5+ ions. Two kinds of fluorescence intensity ratio models with high absolute and relative sensitivities are realized to measure the temperature under dual‐wavelength excitation. Moreover, YNO:Pr3+ exhibits the red PersL with a duration of about 120 s upon ceasing the UV excitation light source. The fabricated YNO:Pr3+‐polydimethylsiloxane films display different luminescence patterns with the passage of time after turning off UV light, which can cleverly achieve dynamic conversion. These results demonstrate that YNO:Pr3+ phosphor has potential applications in dual‐wavelength excited thermometry and dynamic anti‐counterfeiting fields.
Recent Advances in Synthesis and Electrochemical Energy Storage Applications of Porous Carbon Materials
Authors: Ma Wenjie , Lai Xin , Yao Weitang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTo achieve global energy transition goals, finding efficient and compatible energy storage electrode materials is crucial. Porous carbon materials (PCMs) are widely applied in energy storage due to their diverse size structures, rich active sites, adaptability to volume expansion, and superior ion and electron transport properties. However, the various issues and challenges faced by PCMs in different energy storage applications remain unclear. To address this, this paper systematically introduces common synthesis methods of PCMs and outlines their typical performance in energy storage applications. The aim is to provide researchers with comprehensive references to promote future optimization and improvement. In response to the need for enhancing the electrochemical properties of PCMs, this paper further discusses several common heteroatoms doping strategies, detailing their application characteristics, doping sources, and related research. In‐depth analysis and evaluation are also offered. Finally, a comprehensive analysis and summary of the challenges faced by PCMs in synthesis and energy storage applications, aiming to offer clear research directions and insights for the synthesis, design, and application research of PCMs in the field of energy storage, is provided.
Surface Modified Glucose‐Derived, Blood–Brain Barrier‐Crossing Nanospheres Dually Targets Macrophage and Cancer Cells for Effective In Situ Anti‐Glioma Effect
Authors: Jaggarapu Madhan Mohan Chandra Sekhar , Ansari Aasia , Jinka Sudhakar , Sridharan Kathyayani , Nimmu Narendra Varma , Mahadik Namita , Yakati Venu , Madhusudana Kuncha , Eswaramoorthy Muthusamy , Kundu Tapas K. , Banerjee Rajkumar 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGlucose‐derived carbon nanospheres (CSP), uniquely derived by hydrothermal condensation process, inherently cross blood–brain‐barrier (BBB) but distribute all over the brain. Albeit its potential to treat glioma as an effective drug delivery system, it is challenging to restrict drug‐associated CSP within the glioma region and reduce non‐specific side effects. Incidentally, gliomas moderately express sigma receptors (SR). Earlier, a cationic lipid‐conjugated neuropsychotic drug, haloperidol (H8) is developed with SR‐targetability and anticancer effect but with zero BBB‐crossing ability. In this study, the CSP surface is modified with H8 (CH8 nano‐conjugate) and dual targeting is achieved within glioma‐tumor microenvironment: 1) glioma cells and 2) pro‐proliferative M2 tumor‐associated macrophages (TAM), as both express SR. CH8‐treatment increases the survivability of orthotopic glioma‐tumor bearing mice and significantly reduces tumor burden in the glioma‐subcutaneous model. Further CH8‐surface is modified by combining the brain tumor drug, carmustine (CH8‐CRM). CH8‐CRM nano‐conjugate selectively enhances the survivability of orthotopic glioma‐carrying mice and reduces tumor aggressiveness significantly in comparison to other treatment groups. Lysates from CH8‐CRM‐treated tumor show upregulation of cleaved‐caspase 3, p53, but downregulation of pAkt. The combination treatment pronouncedly enhances the anti‐glioma effect of H8. Conclusively, CH8‐mediated dual‐targeting via SR within orthotopic glioma‐associated mice exemplifies the repurposing of neuropsychotic drugs for treating glioma.
Impact of Structural Strain on Performance of Halide Perovskite Solar Cells: A Combined DFT and SCAPS‐1D Analysis
Authors: Yadav Anjali P. , Bhojani Amit K. , Bhargava Kshitij , Singh Dheeraj K. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe halide perovskites have received extensive experimental and theoretical research interests for photovoltaic application. Most of the theoretical research is based on either material or device modeling approaches. However, literature is still deprived of studies based on the combination of these approaches, which are expected to yield predictions with superior accuracy. This report combines the first‐principles density functional theory (DFT) computations and device modeling to understand the impact of structural strain, generally induced during the crystallization phase of perovskite materials, on the photovoltaic performance of methyl ammonium lead halide (CH3NH3PbI3 or MAPbI3) based solar cell. The magnitude of strain varies in the range from +2% (tensile) to −2% (compressive). The impact of strain is analyzed in terms of the variations in band structure and values of optoelectronic parameters obtained using DFT calculations and further, their impact on performance metrics of solar cells is predicted using device simulations. The optimized cell efficiency under strain‐free conditions is 13% while it deteriorated to 1.6% under +2% tensile strain and improved to 22.3% under compressive strain. The simulation results underline the importance of engineering the structural strain during the crystallization of perovskite absorber material to achieve solar photovoltaic cells of high efficiency.
Cardiac Molecular Analysis Reveals Aging‐Associated Metabolic Alterations Promoting Glycosaminoglycans Accumulation via Hexosamine Biosynthetic Pathway
Authors: Grilo Luís F. , Zimmerman Kip D. , Puppala Sobha , Chan Jeannie , Huber Hillary F. , Li Ge , Jadhav Avinash Y. L. , Wang Benlian , Li Cun , Clarke Geoffrey D. , Register Thomas C. , Oliveira Paulo J. , Nathanielsz Peter W. , Olivier Michael , Pereira Susana P. , Cox Laura A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAge is a prominent risk factor for cardiometabolic disease, often leading to heart structural and functional changes. However, precise molecular mechanisms underlying cardiac remodeling and dysfunction exclusively resulting from physiological aging remain elusive. Previous research demonstrated age‐related functional alterations in baboons, analogous to humans. The goal of this study is to identify early cardiac molecular alterations preceding functional adaptations, shedding light on the regulation of age‐associated changes. Unbiased transcriptomics of left ventricle samples are performed from female baboons aged 7.5–22.1 years (human equivalent ≈30–88 years). Weighted‐gene correlation network and pathway enrichment analyses are performed, with histological validation. Modules of transcripts negatively correlated with age implicated declined metabolism‐oxidative phosphorylation, tricarboxylic acid cycle, glycolysis, and fatty‐acid β‐oxidation. Transcripts positively correlated with age suggested a metabolic shift toward glucose‐dependent anabolic pathways, including hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP). This shift is associated with increased glycosaminoglycan synthesis, modification, precursor synthesis via HBP, and extracellular matrix accumulation, verified histologically. Upregulated extracellular matrix‐induced signaling coincided with glycosaminoglycan accumulation, followed by cardiac hypertrophy‐related pathways. Overall, these findings revealed a transcriptional shift in metabolism favoring glycosaminoglycan accumulation through HBP before cardiac hypertrophy. Unveiling this metabolic shift provides potential targets for age‐related cardiac diseases, offering novel insights into early age‐related mechanisms.
Identification of a Novel ECM Remodeling Macrophage Subset in AKI to CKD Transition by Integrative Spatial and Single‐Cell Analysis
Authors: Zhang Yi‐Lin , Tang Tao‐Tao , Wang Bin , Wen Yi , Feng Ye , Yin Qing , Jiang Wei , Zhang Yue , Li Zuo‐Lin , Wu Min , Wu Qiu‐Li , Song Jing , Crowley Steven D. , Lan Hui‐Yao , Lv Lin‐Li , Liu Bi‐Cheng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe transition from acute kidney injury (AKI) to chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a critical clinical issue. Although previous studies have suggested macrophages as a key player in promoting inflammation and fibrosis during this transition, the heterogeneity and dynamic characterization of macrophages are still poorly understood. Here, we used integrated single‐cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomic to characterize the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of macrophages in murine AKI‐to‐CKD model of unilateral ischemia‐reperfusion injury. A marked increase in macrophage infiltration at day 1 was followed by a second peak at day 14 post AKI. Spatiotemporal profiling revealed that injured tubules and macrophages co‐localized early after AKI, whereas in late chronic stages had spatial proximity to fibroblasts. Further pseudotime analysis revealed two distinct lineages of macrophages in this transition: renal resident macrophages differentiated into the pro‐repair subsets, whereas infiltrating monocyte‐derived macrophages contributed to chronic inflammation and fibrosis. A novel macrophage subset, extracellular matrix remodeling‐associated macrophages (EAMs) originating from monocytes, linked to renal fibrogenesis and communicated with fibroblasts via insulin‐like growth factors (IGF) signalling. In sum, our study identified the spatiotemporal dynamics of macrophage heterogeneity with a unique subset of EAMs in AKI‐to‐CKD transition, which could be a potential therapeutic target for preventing CKD development.
Endothelial Cell‐Derived Extracellular Vesicles Promote Aberrant Neutrophil Trafficking and Subsequent Remote Lung Injury
Authors: Zi Shuang‐Feng , Wu Xiao‐Jing , Tang Ying , Liang Yun‐Peng , Liu Xu , Wang Lu , Li Song‐Li , Wu Chang‐De , Xu Jing‐Yuan , Liu Tao , Huang Wei , Xie Jian‐Feng , Liu Ling , Chao Jie , Qiu Hai‐Bo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in sepsis is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. However, the molecular pathogenesis underlying sepsis‐induced ARDS remains elusive. Neutrophil heterogeneity and dysfunction contribute to uncontrolled inflammation in patients with ARDS. A specific subset of neutrophils undergoing reverse transendothelial migration (rTEM), which is characterized by an activated phenotype, is implicated in the systemic dissemination of inflammation. Using single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq), it identified functionally activated neutrophils exhibiting the rTEM phenotype in the lung of a sepsis mouse model using cecal ligation and puncture. The prevalence of neutrophils with the rTEM phenotype is elevated in the blood of patients with sepsis‐associated ARDS and is positively correlated with disease severity. Mechanically, scRNA‐seq and proteomic analys revealed that inflamed endothelial cell (EC) released extracellular vesicles (EVs) enriched in karyopherin subunit beta‐1 (KPNB1), promoting abluminal‐to‐luminal neutrophil rTEM. Additionally, EC‐derived EVs are elevated and positively correlated with the proportion of rTEM neutrophils in clinical sepsis. Collectively, EC‐derived EV is identified as a critical regulator of neutrophil rTEM, providing insights into the contribution of rTEM neutrophils to sepsis‐associated lung injury.
CircUGP2 Suppresses Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Progression via p53 Signaling Through Interacting With PURB to Regulate ADGRB1 Transcription and Sponging miR‐3191‐5p
Authors: Chen Rui Xiang , Liu Shuo Chen , Kan Xue Chun , Wang Yi Rui , Wang Ji Fei , Wang Tian Lin , Li Chang , Jiang Wang Jie , Chen Yan An Lan , Zhou Tao , Fan Shi Long , Chang Jiang , Xu Xiao , Shi Kuang Heng , Zhang Yao Dong , Wu Ming Yu , Yu Yue , Li Chang Xian , Li Xiang Cheng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is the second most common primary liver cancer and its prognosis remains poor. Although growing numbers of studies have verified the involvement of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in various cancer types, their specific functions in ICC remain elusive. Herein, a circRNA, circUGP2 is identified by circRNA sequencing, which is downregulated in ICC tissues and correlated with patients’ prognosis. Moreover, circUGP2 overexpression suppresses tumor progression in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, circUGP2 functions as a transcriptional co‐activator of PURB over the expression of ADGRB1. It can also upregulate ADGRB1 expression by sponging miR‐3191‐5p. As a result, ADGRB1 prevents MDM2‐mediated p53 polyubiquitination and thereby activates p53 signaling to inhibit ICC progression. Based on these findings, circUGP2 plasmid is encapsulated into a lipid nanoparticle (LNP) system, which has successfully targeted tumor site and shows superior anti‐tumor effects. In summary, the present study has identified the role of circUGP2 as a tumor suppressor in ICC through regulating ADGRB1/p53 axis, and the application of LNP provides a promising translational strategy for ICC treatment.