bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A protocol for a systematic review on the impact of unpublished studies and studies published in the gray literature in meta-analyses
Authors: Schmucker Christine , Bluemle Annette , Briel Matthias , Portalupi Susan , Lang Britta , Motschall Edith , Schwarzer Guido , Bassler Dirk , Mueller Katharina F , von Elm Erik , Meerpohl Joerg J 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Background
Meta-analyses are particularly vulnerable to the effects of publication bias. Despite methodologists’ best efforts to locate all evidence for a given topic the most comprehensive searches are likely to miss unpublished studies and studies that are published in the gray literature only. If the results of the missing studies differ systematically from the published ones, a meta-analysis will be biased with an inaccurate assessment of the intervention’s effects.
As part of the OPEN project (http://www.open-project.eu) we will conduct a systematic review with the following objectives:

▪ To assess the impact of studies that are not published or published in the gray literature on pooled effect estimates in meta-analyses (quantitative measure).

▪ To assess whether the inclusion of unpublished studies or studies published in the gray literature leads to different conclusions in meta-analyses (qualitative measure).

Methods/Design

Inclusion criteria: Methodological research projects of a cohort of meta-analyses which compare the effect of the inclusion or exclusion of unpublished studies or studies published in the gray literature.

Literature search: To identify relevant research projects we will conduct electronic searches in Medline, Embase and The Cochrane Library; check reference lists; and contact experts.

Outcomes: 1) The extent to which the effect estimate in a meta-analyses changes with the inclusion or exclusion of studies that were not published or published in the gray literature; and 2) the extent to which the inclusion of unpublished studies impacts the meta-analyses’ conclusions.

Data collection: Information will be collected on the area of health care; the number of meta-analyses included in the methodological research project; the number of studies included in the meta-analyses; the number of study participants; the number and type of unpublished studies; studies published in the gray literature and published studies; the sources used to retrieve studies that are unpublished, published in the gray literature, or commercially published; and the validity of the methodological research project.

Data synthesis: Data synthesis will involve descriptive and statistical summaries of the findings of the included methodological research projects.

Discussion
Results are expected to be publicly available in the middle of 2013.
Development and preliminary testing of the psychosocial adjustment to hereditary diseases scale
Authors: Watkins Kathy E , Way Christine Y , Gregory Deborah M , LeDrew Holly M , Ludlow Valerie C , Esplen Mary Jane , Dowden Jeffrey J , Cox Janet E , Fitzgerald G William N , Parfrey Patrick S 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Background
The presence of Lynch syndrome (LS) can bring a lifetime of uncertainty to an entire family as members adjust to living with a high lifetime cancer risk. The research base on how individuals and families adjust to genetic-linked diseases following predictive genetic testing has increased our understanding of short-term impacts but gaps continue to exist in knowledge of important factors that facilitate or impede long-term adjustment. The failure of existing scales to detect psychosocial adjustment challenges in this population has led researchers to question the adequate sensitivity of these instruments. Furthermore, we have limited insight into the role of the family in promoting adjustment.

Methods
The purpose of this study was to develop and initially validate the Psychosocial Adjustment to Hereditary Diseases (PAHD) scale. This scale consists of two subscales, the Burden of Knowing (BK) and Family Connectedness (FC). Items for the two subscales were generated from a qualitative data base and tested in a sample of 243 participants from families with LS.

Results
The Multitrait/Multi-Item Analysis Program-Revised (MAP-R) was used to evaluate the psychometric properties of the PAHD. The findings support the convergent and discriminant validity of the subscales. Construct validity was confirmed by factor analysis and Cronbach’s alpha supported a strong internal consistency for BK (0.83) and FC (0.84).

Conclusion
Preliminary testing suggests that the PAHD is a psychometrically sound scale capable of assessing psychosocial adjustment. We conclude that the PAHD may be a valuable monitoring tool to identify individuals and families who may require therapeutic interventions.
Ultraviolet sensitivity and colour vision in raptor foraging
Authors: Lind Olle , Mitkus Mindaugas , Olsson Peter , Kelber Almut 
Published: May 2013

SUMMARY
Raptors have excellent vision, yet it is unclear how they use colour information. It has been suggested that raptors use ultraviolet (UV) reflections from vole urine to find good hunting grounds. In contrast, UV plumage colours in songbirds such as blue tits are assumed to be ‘hidden’ communication signals, inconspicuous to raptors. This ambiguity results from a lack of knowledge about raptor ocular media transmittance, which sets the limit for UV sensitivity. We measured ocular media transmittance in common buzzards (Buteo buteo), sparrowhawks (Accipiter nisus), red kites (Milvus milvus) and kestrels (Falco tinnunculus) so that, for the first time, raptor UV sensitivity can be fully described. With this information, and new measurements of vole urine reflectance, we show that (i) vole urine is unlikely to provide a reliable visual signal to hunting raptors and (ii) blue tit plumage colours are more contrasting to blue tits than to sparrowhawks because of UV reflectance. However, as the difference between blue tit and sparrowhawk vision is subtle, we suggest that behavioural data are needed to fully resolve this issue. UV cues are of little or no importance to raptors in both vole and songbird interactions and the role of colour vision in raptor foraging remains unclear.
Refinery Management
Authors: Herlyn Folkert J. 
Published: May 2013

Mastering the volatile crude oil situation, reflected in prices and availability, the high demand in refining capacity worldwide, as well as increasingly restrictive environmental regulations, calls for exceptional leadership at today's refineries. One of the main challenges is to maximize crude utilization at minimum cost while meeting regulations and customer requirements.
The refinery's leadership must possess a range of leadership qualities, preferably personally in the refinery manager, but if not, then certainly amongst his small cadre of senior managers upon whom he can rely. This section addresses these challenges and provides a suite of proven practices for successful refinery management.
Fehlpositionierung und Autopalimpsest. Michas’ Zarėckis Romanfragmente Kryvičy (1929) und Smerc’ Andrėja Berazoŭskaha (1931) im Kontext der Entautonomisierung des belarussischen Literaturfeldes
Authors: Kohler Gun-Britt 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
The paper focuses on the question whether and how it is possible to correct ‘failed’ literary position-takings in the medium of the literary text. An analysis of the case of Michas’ Zarėcki’s postural strategies will show how such ‘failed’ position-takings come about in the context of loss of institutional autonomy in Belarusian literature at the end of the 1920s. However, analyzing the aesthetic strategies applied in the ‘re-position-taking’ Smerc’ Andrėja Berazoŭskaha it appears that while ‘deleting’ and ‘overwriting’ his ‘failed’ position-taking Kryvičy Zarėcki only seemingly submits to the dominant ideology’s system and marxist literary criticism: Precisely in exposing conformist writing’s norms the transcribing text – on an aesthetic level – emerges as a skilfully encoded defense of literary autonomy.
Charakterisierung von in Lab-on-a-Chip Systemen eingebetteten Hohlfasern
Authors: Winkelmann Claudia , Luo Yongxiang , Lode Anja , Gelinsky Michael , Marx Uwe , Busek Mathias , Schmieder Florian , Sonntag Frank 
Published: May 2013

Zusammenfassung
Die Entwicklung komplexer 3D Gewebekulturen für die pharmazeutische und biochemische Industrie gewinnt stätig an Bedeutung. Die Herausforderung besteht in der Aufrechterhaltung des biologischen 3D Mikromilieus. Eine Lösung bietet ein Hohlfasernetzwerk, fungierend als künstliches Gefäßsystem, das über einen Perfussions-Mikro-Bioreaktor mit integriertem Mikropumpensystem versorgt wird.
Dissecting High-Dimensional Phenotypes with Bayesian Sparse Factor Analysis of Genetic Covariance Matrices
Authors: Runcie Daniel E , Mukherjee Sayan 
Published: May 2013

AbstractQuantitative genetic studies that model complex, multivariate phenotypes are important for both evolutionary prediction and artificial selection. For example, changes in gene expression can provide insight into developmental and physiological mechanisms that link genotype and phenotype. However, classical analytical techniques are poorly suited to quantitative genetic studies of gene expression where the number of traits assayed per individual can reach many thousand. Here, we derive a Bayesian genetic sparse factor model for estimating the genetic covariance matrix (G-matrix) of high-dimensional traits, such as gene expression, in a mixed-effects model. The key idea of our model is that we need consider only G-matrices that are biologically plausible. An organism’s entire phenotype is the result of processes that are modular and have limited complexity. This implies that the G-matrix will be highly structured. In particular, we assume that a limited number of intermediate traits (or factors, e.g., variations in development or physiology) control the variation in the high-dimensional phenotype, and that each of these intermediate traits is sparse – affecting only a few observed traits. The advantages of this approach are twofold. First, sparse factors are interpretable and provide biological insight into mechanisms underlying the genetic architecture. Second, enforcing sparsity helps prevent sampling errors from swamping out the true signal in high-dimensional data. We demonstrate the advantages of our model on simulated data and in an analysis of a published Drosophila melanogaster gene expression data set.
Core Concepts: Thermoregulation in the Newborn, Part II: Prevention of Aberrant Body Temperature
Authors: Ringer Steven A. 
Published: May 2013

Newborns are uniquely at risk of abnormal body temperature, and susceptible to the potential ill effects of both hypo- and hyperthermia. Building on the understanding of the causes of temperature alteration and the physiologic mechanisms to prevent it, this review explores how both low and high body temperature may lead to severe injury, illness, or death. Support and regulation of the thermal environment of the newborn has long been recognized as a critical aspect of newborn care, and it has become increasingly important as smaller and less mature infants are able to survive. Because of their even more limited capacity for self-protection compared with term infants, the most immature infants can readily lose heat and body temperature, and succumb to the severe physiologic consequences of hypothermia. Hyperthermia, although much less common, may also have profound negative impact on the newborn, and in some ways poses a greater risk to term and late preterm infants.
A variety of different methods are discussed as means to reduce heat loss from evaporation, convection, conduction, or radiation and protect an infant from hypothermia. A number of these modalities are specifically geared to the critical time period immediately after birth, including occlusive plastic wraps, exothermic mattresses, and augmented room temperatures. In other cases, such as the use of hats, the value extends from birth through the days immediately after, and still other care practices are primarily designed for use in the NICU or nursery. The effectiveness, advantages, and drawbacks of these different modalities are outlined.
Weekly Paclitaxel/Carboplatin/Trastuzumab Therapy Improves Pathologic Complete Remission in Aggressive HER2-Positive Breast Cancers, Especially in Luminal-B Subtype, Compared With a Once-Every-3-Weeks Schedule
Authors: Yu Ke-Da , Liu Guang-Yu , Chen Can-Ming , Li Jian-Wei , Wu Jiong , Lu Jin-Song , Shen Zhen-Zhou , Shao Zhi-Ming 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Background.
The efficacy and tolerability of two different schedules of paclitaxel, carboplatin, and trastuzumab (PCarH) for HER2-positive, locally aggressive (stage IIB–IIIC) breast cancers were evaluated in this phase II trial.

Methods.
Patients were randomly assigned to receive either weekly (12 doses over 16 weeks) or once-every-3-weeks (4 doses over 12 weeks) treatment. The primary endpoint was pathologic complete remission (pCR) in the breast and axilla. To detect an assumed 35% pCR absolute difference between the two schedules, a minimum of 26 assessable patients in each group was required (two-sided α = 0.05, β = 0.2).

Results.
A total of 56 patients were enrolled (weekly group, n = 29; every-3-weeks group, n = 27). In the intent-to-treat analysis, pCR in the breast/axilla were found in 31 patients (55%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 41%–69%). Compared with the every-3-weeks schedule, the weekly administration achieved higher pCR (41% vs. 69%; p = .03). After adjustment for clinical and pathological factors, the weekly administration was more effective than the every-3-weeks schedule, with hazard ratio of 0.3 (95% CI: 0.1–0.9; p = .03). Interestingly, weekly administration resulted in high pCR rates in both luminal-B (HER2-positive) and ERBB2+ tumors (67% vs. 71%; p = .78), whereas luminal-B (HER2-positive) tumors benefited less from the every-3-weeks schedule compared with the ERBB2+ tumors (21% vs. 62%, p = .03). These results remain after multivariate adjustment, showing weekly administration was more effective in the luminal-B (HER2-positive) subgroup (p = .02) but not in the ERBB2+ subgroup (p = .50).

Conclusion.
A more frequent administration might improve the possibility of eradicating invasive cancer in the breast and axilla, especially in the luminal-B (HER2-positive) subtype. Further studies to validate our findings are warranted.
The Relationship Between Eight GWAS-Identified Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Primary Breast Cancer Outcomes
Authors: Bayraktar Soley , Thompson Patricia A. , Yoo Suk-Young , Do Kim-anh , Sahin Aysegul A. , Arun Banu K. , Bondy Melissa L. , Brewster Abenaa M. 
Published: May 2013

Learning Objectives
Describe the results of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) that have identified genetic variants associated with breast cancer risk. Discuss whether genetic risk variants identified through genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are also associated with breast cancer prognosis. Describe molecular mechanisms through which germline genetic variants may influence breast cancer survival.
An Empirical Test of the Hierarchical Construct of Professionalism and Managerialism in the Accounting Profession
Authors: Carrington Thomas , Johansson Tobias , Johed Gustav , Öhman Peter 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT:
Research into the tension between professionalism and commercialism in the accounting profession is inconclusive and warrants greater attention. How to conceptualize and measure these constructs are thus pressing concerns. Using questionnaire data from 1,646 auditors in Sweden, and applying confirmatory factor analysis and structural regression models within a structural equation modeling framework to a measurement model developed by Suddaby et al. (2009), we find little empirical evidence for the existence of the two logics of professionalism and managerialism (i.e., commercialism) as two higher-order latent constructs shared by auditors. However, we find that two sub-elements of the proposed higher-order constructs do discriminate between each other in a way that could indicate two exclusive value statements in the accounting profession connected to the professionalism–commercialism tension; these are the respective emphasis on independence enforcement and client commitment.
Development and Validation of a Predicting Model of All-Cause Mortality in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: De Cosmo Salvatore , Copetti Massimiliano , Lamacchia Olga , Fontana Andrea , Massa Michela , Morini Eleonora , Pacilli Antonio , Fariello Stefania , Palena Antonio , Rauseo Anna , Viti Rafaella , Di Paola Rosa , Menzaghi Claudia , Cignarelli Mauro , Pellegrini Fabio , Trischitta Vincenzo 
Published: May 2013

OBJECTIVE
To develop and validate a parsimonious model for predicting short-term all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Two cohorts of patients with T2DM were investigated. The Gargano Mortality Study (GMS, n = 679 patients) was the training set and the Foggia Mortality Study (FMS, n = 936 patients) represented the validation sample. GMS and FMS cohorts were prospectively followed up for 7.40 ±2.15 and 4.51 ±1.69 years, respectively, and all-cause mortality was registered. A new forward variable selection within a multivariate Cox regression was implemented. Starting from the empty model, each step selected the predictor that, once included into the multivariate Cox model, yielded the maximum continuous net reclassification improvement (cNRI). The selection procedure stopped when no further statistically significant cNRI increase was detected.

RESULTS
Nine variables (age, BMI, diastolic blood pressure, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio, and antihypertensive and insulin therapy) were included in the final predictive model with a C statistic of 0.88 (95% CI 0.82–0.94) in the GMS and 0.82 (0.76–0.87) in the FMS. Finally, we used a recursive partition and amalgamation algorithm to identify patients at intermediate and high mortality risk (hazard ratio 7.0 and 24.4, respectively, as compared with those at low risk). A web-based risk calculator was also developed.

CONCLUSIONS
We developed and validated a parsimonious all-cause mortality equation in T2DM, providing also a user-friendly web-based risk calculator. Our model may help prioritize the use of available resources for targeting aggressive preventive and treatment strategies in a subset of very high-risk individuals.
The Expression of Inflammatory Genes Is Upregulated in Peripheral Blood of Patients With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Jin Yulan , Sharma Ashok , Carey Colleen , Hopkins Diane , Wang Xiaoxiao , Robertson David G. , Bode Bruce , Anderson Stephen W. , Reed John Chip , Steed R. Dennis , Steed Leigh , She Jin-Xiong 
Published: May 2013

OBJECTIVE
Our previous gene expression microarray studies identified a number of genes differentially expressed in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and islet autoantibody-positive subjects. This study was designed to validate these gene expression changes in T1D patients and to identify gene expression changes in diabetes complications.

RESEARCH DESIGH AND METHODS
We performed high-throughput real-time RT-PCR to validate gene expression changes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from a large sample set of 928 T1D patients and 922 control subjects.

RESULTS
Of the 18 genes analyzed here, eight genes (S100A8, S100A9, MNDA, SELL, TGFB1, PSMB3, CD74, and IL12A) had higher expression and three genes (GNLY, PSMA4, and SMAD7) had lower expression in T1D patients compared with control subjects, indicating that genes involved in inflammation, immune regulation, and antigen processing and presentation are significantly altered in PBMCs from T1D patients. Furthermore, one adhesion molecule (SELL) and three inflammatory genes mainly expressed by myeloid cells (S100A8, S100A9, and MNDA) were significantly higher in T1D patients with complications (odds ratio [OR] 1.3–2.6, adjusted P value = 0.005–10−8), especially those patients with neuropathy (OR 4.8–7.9, adjusted P value &lt;0.005).

CONCLUSIONS
These findings suggest that inflammatory mediators secreted mainly by myeloid cells are implicated in T1D and its complications.
Secular Changes in the Age-Specific Prevalence of Diabetes Among U.S. Adults: 1988–2010
Authors: Cheng Yiling J. , Imperatore Giuseppina , Geiss Linda S. , Wang Jing , Saydah Sharon H. , Cowie Catherine C. , Gregg Edward W. 
Published: May 2013

OBJECTIVE
To examine the age-specific changes of prevalence of diabetes among U.S. adults during the past 2 decades.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This study included 22,586 adults sampled in three periods of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988–1994, 1999–2004, and 2005–2010). Diabetes was defined as having self-reported diagnosed diabetes or having a fasting plasma glucose level ≥126 mg/dL or HbA1c ≥6.5% (48 mmol/mol).

RESULTS
The number of adults with diabetes increased by 75% from 1988–1994 to 2005–2010. After adjusting for sex, race/ethnicity, and education level, the prevalence of diabetes increased over the two decades across all age-groups. Younger adults (20–34 years of age) had the lowest absolute increase in diabetes prevalence of 1.0%, followed by middle-aged adults (35–64) at 2.7% and older adults (≥65) at 10.0% (all P &lt; 0.001). Comparing 2005–2010 with 1988–1994, the adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) by age-group were 2.3, 1.3, and 1.5 for younger, middle-aged, and older adults, respectively (all P &lt; 0.05). After additional adjustment for body mass index (BMI), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), or waist circumference (WC), the adjusted PR remained statistically significant only for adults ≥65 years of age.

CONCLUSIONS
During the past two decades, the prevalence of diabetes increased across all age-groups, but adults ≥65 years of age experienced the largest increase in absolute change. Obesity, as measured by BMI, WHtR, or WC, was strongly associated with the increase in diabetes prevalence, especially in adults &lt;65.
Cardiovascular Complications and Mortality After Diabetes Diagnosis for South Asian and Chinese Patients
Authors: Shah Baiju R. , Victor J. Charles , Chiu Maria , Tu Jack V. , Anand Sonia S. , Austin Peter C. , Manuel Douglas G. , Hux Janet E. 
Published: May 2013

OBJECTIVE
Many non-European ethnic groups have an increased risk for diabetes; however, the published literature demonstrates considerable uncertainty about the rates of diabetes complications among minority populations. The objective of this study was to determine the risks of cardiovascular complications and of mortality after diabetes diagnosis for South Asian and Chinese patients, compared with European patients.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A population-based cohort study identified all 491,243 adults with newly diagnosed diabetes in Ontario, Canada, between April 2002 and March 2009. Subjects were followed until March 2011 for the first occurrence of any cardiovascular complication of diabetes (coronary artery disease, stroke, or lower-extremity amputation) and for all-cause mortality. Median follow-up was 4.7 years.

RESULTS
The crude incidence of cardiovascular complications after diabetes diagnosis was 17.9 per 1,000 patient-years among European patients, 12.0 among South Asian patients, and 7.7 among Chinese patients. After adjusting for baseline characteristics, the cause-specific hazard ratios (HRs) for cardiovascular complications relative to European patients were 0.95 (95% CI 0.90–1.00; P = 0.056) and 0.50 (0.46–0.53; P &lt; 0.001) for South Asian and Chinese patients, respectively. Mortality was lower for both minority groups (adjusted HR for South Asian patients 0.56 [95% CI 0.52–0.60]; P &lt; 0.001; for Chinese patients 0.58 [0.55–0.62]; P &lt; 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
Chinese patients were at substantially lower risk than European patients for cardiovascular complications after diabetes diagnosis, whereas South Asian patients were at comparable risk. Mortality after diabetes diagnosis was markedly lower for both minority populations.