bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geophysical, magmatic, and metallogenic manifestations of a mantle plume in the upper reaches of the Aldan and Amur Rivers
Authors: Petrishchevsky A.M. , Yushmanov Yu.P. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Gravity models of the crust and upper mantle to a depth of 100 km are analyzed to study structural relationships of tectonic and tectonophysical media of different rigidities with the distribution of shallow ore deposits above the Aldan–Zeya plume. The spatial correlation of ore clusters and districts with high crustal viscosity inhomoheneities at depths of 10, 20, and 35 km shows distinct stepwise behavior. On the other hand, media of decreased viscosity are observed in the lower crust (at depths of 25–30 km), subcrustal (40–50 km) layers, and asthenosphere (at a depth below 70 km). They are related to chambers of the complete or partial melting (heat sources) of magmatic and ore occurrences near the Earth’s surface. Lateral metallogenic zoning in the spatial distribution of the ore deposits is due to the spread and redistribution of magmas and ore-forming fluids, shielded by rigid plates in the lower crust. A naturally determined series of ore parageneses is observed from center to flanks of the plume: Au, Mo → Au, Ag, Pb, Zn → Au, Pb, Zn → Au, W → Au, Sb → W, Sn → Sn. The mutual position of the tectonomagmatic structures of different ranks within the plume head obeys hierarchical and fractal laws.
Geologic stages of the Paleogene and Neogene evolution of the Arctic shelf in the Ob’ region (
West Siberia
)
Authors: Volkova V.S. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The paper is concerned with the structure of the Arctic shelf sediments in the Ob’ region in the Paleogene and Neogene, sampled from boreholes drilled on the Yamal Peninsula, in the lower reaches of the Pur and Taz Rivers. The specifics of Paleogene marine sedimentation in the central and northern West Siberian Plain are studied. The effect of abiotic (tectonic) factors on the completeness of the geologic record is considered as well as the effect of recent (Oligocene–Neogene) tectonic processes on topography and sedimentation. The borehole sections are compared with the main seismic sections of the Kara Sea and Lomonosov Ridge.
Dipole sources of the main geomagnetic field
Authors: Ladynin A.V. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The parameters of 15 arbitrary dipoles that, in aggregate, represent the main geomagnetic field (MGF) are estimated to obtain information on the distribution of MGF sources within the Earth in the form of dipoles with an arbitrary position and value of the magnetic moment vector. For an adequate estimation of the results, the method of obtaining the data is described, including: the eccentric dipole model and the derivation of the basic formulas for the magnetic field components of an arbitrary dipole; the method of estimating the parameters of these dipoles, including the computational scheme and optimization method; necessary constraints on the dipoles parameters and a justification of the choice of the initial values in the optimization fitting of the parameters. The results are presented as a map of the location of the centers of the dipoles and their northern axial poles for the epochs 1955 and 2005 and plots of changes in all six parameters of 15 dipoles for 50 years. Most of the dipole centers are located in the lower mantle. The results suggest the existence of current systems in the lower mantle that produce dipole magnetic fields. These currents are provided by the high conductivity of wüstite, an important component of the mantle, which, at a depth of 1000–2200 km, transforms to the low-spin state of iron with increased density and electrical conductivity.
Effects of near-surface inhomogeneities on MT responses: an analytical model
Authors: Plotkin V.V. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
An analytical model is suggested to describe the electrostatic field produced by near-surface inhomogeneities responsible for galvanic shift in magnetotelluric (MT) apparent resistivity sounding curves. The near-surface inhomogeneities are modeled in thin-sheet approximation with laterally variable longitudinal conductance and transverse resistance. The model accounts for the TM (transverse magnetic) mode secondary electric field in the conductive layered subsurface below the thin sheet. Equations have been obtained to relate the subsurface geoelectric parameters and the spatial harmonics of the secondary electrostatic field. This secondary field, which is the source of galvanic shift in MT data, turns out to be in-phase with the primary field. The equations derived to simulate galvanic distortions are applicable to long-period MT data acquired by a synchronous array.
An interesting example for spectral invariants
Authors: Benameur Moulay-Tahar , Heitsch James L. , Wahl Charlotte 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIn [HL99], the heat operator of a Bismut superconnection for a family of generalized Dirac operators is defined along the leaves of a foliation with Hausdorff groupoid. The Novikov-Shubin invariants of the Dirac operators were assumed greater than three times the codimension of the foliation. It was then shown that the associated heat operator converges to the Chern character of the index bundle of the operator. In [BH08], this result was improved by reducing the requirement on the Novikov-Shubin invariants to one half of the codimension. In this paper, we construct examples which show that this is the best possible result.
Antidromic latency of magnocellular, parvocellular, and koniocellular (Blue-ON) geniculocortical relay cells in marmosets
Authors: CHEONG SOON KEEN , JOHANNES PIETERSEN ALEXANDER NICOLAAS 
Published: April 2014

AbstractWe studied the functional connectivity of cells in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) with the primary visual cortex (V1) in anesthetized marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). The LGN sends signals to V1 along parallel visual pathways called parvocellular (P), magnocellular (M), and koniocellular (K). To better understand how these pathways provide inputs to V1, we antidromically activated relay cells in the LGN by electrically stimulating V1 and measuring the conduction latencies of P (n = 7), M (n = 14), and the “Blue-ON” (n = 5) subgroup of K cells (K-BON cells). We found that the antidromic latencies of K-BON cells were similar to those of P cells. We also measured the response latencies to high contrast visual stimuli for a subset of cells. We found the LGN cells that have the shortest latency of response to visual stimulation also have the shortest antidromic latencies. We conclude that Blue color signals are transmitted directly to V1 from the LGN by K-BON cells.
Evidence for sex differences in fetal programming of physiological stress reactivity in infancy
Authors: Tibu Florin , Hill Jonathan , Sharp Helen , Marshall Kate , Glover Vivette , Pickles Andrew 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAssociations between low birth weight and prenatal anxiety and later psychopathology may arise from programming effects likely to be adaptive under some, but not other, environmental exposures and modified by sex differences. If physiological reactivity, which also confers vulnerability or resilience in an environment-dependent manner, is associated with birth weight and prenatal anxiety, it will be a candidate to mediate the links with psychopathology. From a general population sample of 1,233 first-time mothers recruited at 20 weeks gestation, a sample of 316 stratified by adversity was assessed at 32 weeks and when their infants were aged 29 weeks (N= 271). Prenatal anxiety was assessed by self-report, birth weight from medical records, and vagal reactivity from respiratory sinus arrhythmia during four nonstressful and one stressful (still-face) procedure. Lower birth weight for gestational age predicted higher vagal reactivity only in girls (interaction term,p= .016), and prenatal maternal anxiety predicted lower vagal reactivity only in boys (interaction term,p= .014). These findings are consistent with sex differences in fetal programming, whereby prenatal risks are associated with increased stress reactivity in females but decreased reactivity in males, with distinctive advantages and penalties for each sex.
Fit for a King? The Significance of a Gift Exchange between the Thirteenth Dalai Lama and King George V
Authors: MARTIN EMMA 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBritain's tentatively built diplomatic ties with Tibet received a jolt on 28 June 1913 when four Tibetan boys and their chaperone Kusho Lungshar went to meet George V, King of England and Emperor of India at Buckingham Palace. Lungshar and the boys brought with them an extensive range of gifts and letters from the thirteenth Dalai Lama, inadvertently giving the British government a diplomatic headache: not only could this potentially have been interpreted as a breach of the 1907 Anglo-Russian Convention, but what should be given in return? By bringing together recently identified objects and archives now located in the British Museum, the British Library and the Victoria and Albert Museum, this paper will focus on the products of this encounter: the gifts. They will be considered here as statements of independence, signifiers of ‘Tibetanness’ and as examples of the developing protocols constructed by Britain in response to its encounter with Tibet.2
Phosphoregulation of Ire1 RNase splicing activity
Authors: Prischi Filippo , Nowak Piotr R. , Carrara Marta , Ali Maruf M. U. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIre1 is activated in response to accumulation of misfolded proteins within the endoplasmic reticulum as part of the unfolded protein response (UPR). It is a unique enzyme, possessing both kinase and RNase activity that is required for specific splicing of Xbp1 mRNA leading to UPR activation. How phosphorylation impacts on the Ire1 splicing activity is unclear. In this study, we isolate distinct phosphorylated species of Ire1 and assess their effects on RNase splicing both in vitro and in vivo. We find that phosphorylation within the kinase activation loop significantly increases RNase splicing in vitro. Correspondingly, mutants of Ire1 that cannot be phosphorylated on the activation loop show decreased specific Xbp1 and promiscuous RNase splicing activity relative to wild-type Ire1 in cells. These data couple the kinase phosphorylation reaction to the activation state of the RNase, suggesting that phosphorylation of the activation loop is an important step in Ire1-mediated UPR activation.
Fragile X mental retardation protein controls synaptic vesicle exocytosis by modulating N-type calcium channel density
Authors: Ferron Laurent , Nieto-Rostro Manuela , Cassidy John S. , Dolphin Annette C. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractFragile X syndrome (FXS), the most common heritable form of mental retardation, is characterized by synaptic dysfunction. Synaptic transmission depends critically on presynaptic calcium entry via voltage-gated calcium (CaV) channels. Here we show that the functional expression of neuronal N-type CaV channels (CaV2.2) is regulated by fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP). We find that FMRP knockdown in dorsal root ganglion neurons increases CaV channel density in somata and in presynaptic terminals. We then show that FMRP controls CaV2.2 surface expression by targeting the channels to the proteasome for degradation. The interaction between FMRP and CaV2.2 occurs between the carboxy-terminal domain of FMRP and domains of CaV2.2 known to interact with the neurotransmitter release machinery. Finally, we show that FMRP controls synaptic exocytosis via CaV2.2 channels. Our data indicate that FMRP is a potent regulator of presynaptic activity, and its loss is likely to contribute to synaptic dysfunction in FXS.
Comment optimiser la compétence (inter)culturelle des étudiants en traduction
Authors: Peeters Isabelle 
Published: April 2014

This article builds a case for a dynamic and flexible translation competence, with several subordinate competence components interacting in different constellations. A core element of the system proposed is (inter)cultural competence, given that poor (inter)cultural background is a common source of problems for translation students. To solve these, efforts are required at different levels, including declarative knowledge, skills and know-how, ‘existential’ competence and the ability to learn. Deficiencies at the level of declarative knowledge are relatively easy to cure. The three other types of competences are much harder to improve as they involve aspects of affect and behaviour. In order to realize these ambitious goals, the present article proposes a very concrete project. By bringing learners in contact with the international art scene in Brussels through work as translators for the <i>Kunstenfestivaldesarts</i>, both their intercultural competence and their motivation is increased. Such an approach breaks with obsolete models of teacher- and text-centred translation education. They are replaced by a learner-centred (inter)active approach and by real-life reception conditions which both stimulate learners and provide them with an opportunity to take their first steps in professional life.
Extraintestinal Manifestations in Children With Gastrointestinal Food Allergy
Authors: Domínguez‐Ortega G. , Borrelli O. , Meyer R. , Dziubak R. , De Koker C. , Godwin H. , Fleming C. , Thapar N. , Elawad M. , Kiparissi F. , Fox A.T. , Shah N. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTObjectives:The presence of extraintestinal manifestations (EIM) in children with gastrointestinal (GI) food allergy (GIFA) is greatly debated. In the present study we assessed the prevalence of EIM in children with GIFA and investigated whether their presence is helpful in the allergy‐focused history‐taking process.Methods:The medical records of all children with a proven diagnosis of GIFA were reviewed along with those of children diagnosed as having inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) as controls. Data regarding age at onset, age at diagnosis, atopic family history, atopic comorbidities, GI symptoms, and EIM were recorded.Results:Data from 436 children with GIFA and 74 children with IBD were included in the analysis. EIM were documented in 368 children with GIFA, including fatigue (53.0%), allergic shiners (49.1%), mouth ulcers (39.0%), joint pain/hypermobility (35.8%), poor sleep (34.4%), night sweats (34.4%), headache (22.7%), and bed‐wetting (17.7%). The proportion of patients with EIM was higher in the GIFA group compared with that in the IBD group (368/436 [84.4%] vs 40/74 [54.1%]; P < 0.001). Segregating the GIFA group into children with and without atopic comorbidities, both atopic (276/30; 89.9%) and nonatopic (93/130; 71.5%) children showed higher proportion of EIM than children with IBD ([40/74; 54.1%], P < 0.01 and <0.05, respectively).Conclusions:GIFA are commonly associated with a wide range of EIM, which appear to represent important and specific clinical features of this group of conditions. Their recognition in taking an allergy‐focused history may play an important role for both diagnosis and management.
Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference of HIV‐Infected Youth in a Miami Cohort
Authors: Arbeitman Lori E. , O'Brien Robert C. , Somarriba Gabriel , Messiah Sarah E. , Neri Daniela , Scott Gwendolyn B. , Miller Tracie L. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTObjectives:Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected youth are healthier because of effective antiretroviral therapies. We compared anthropometric measurements and prevalence of overweight and obesity between perinatally HIV‐infected youth, a local HIV‐uninfected comparison group, and 2007 to 2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data. In addition, we compared only African American HIV‐infected youth with NHANES African Americans.Methods:Height, weight, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC) of HIV‐infected youth, aged 10 to 19 years, were compared among groups. BMI percentiles were categorized as underweight (<5%), normal (5% to <85%), overweight (85% to <95%), and obese (≥95%). Clinical correlates were modeled as predictors of BMI and WC.Results:A total of 134 HIV‐infected (including 103 African Americans) (mean age 16.5 years), 75 HIV‐uninfected (mean age 14.2 years), and 3216 NHANES (including 771 NHANES African Americans) (mean age 15.0 years) youth were included in the analysis. Height and weight z scores of HIV‐infected youth were lower than those of HIV‐uninfected and NHANES (P ≤ 0.056) youth. BMI, WC, and BMI category were not statistically different between groups. In the HIV‐infected African American group, BMI z score was lower (0.49 vs 0.76, P = 0.04) compared with NHANES African Americans. There were no significant predictors of BMI or WC for the HIV‐infected group.Conclusions:HIV‐infected children have similar BMIs and WCs as uninfected children both locally and nationally and show similar high rates of obesity and overweight. When compared with a more racially similar African American national sample, HIV‐infected children have a lower BMI, suggesting that there may be persistent anthropometric differences in HIV.
Large frugivorous birds facilitate functional connectivity of fragmented landscapes
Authors: Mueller Thomas , Lenz Johanna , Caprano Tanja , Fiedler Wolfgang , Böhning‐Gaese Katrin 
Published: April 2014

Summary

Quantifying ecosystem functions in spatially explicit ways is important for management decisions in increasingly fragmented landscapes. Between‐patch dispersal of seeds by frugivores constitutes a key ecosystem function to ensure connectivity for fleshy‐fruited plants. However, to date, methodological hurdles have limited our understanding of dispersal pathways on the landscape scale.

We made use of newly available tracking devices and combined movement data of 30 trumpeter hornbills Bycanistes bucinator with gut passage times and high‐resolution habitat data in a fragmented forest landscape in South Africa. We identified each potential seed dispersal path and distinguished whether potential seed transport happened to a different forest patch (between‐patch dispersal), within the same patch (within‐patch dispersal) or into the habitat matrix (failed dispersal). To quantify functional landscape connectivity, we identified all possible between‐patch connections and used graph networks to estimate landscape connectivity provided by hornbills.

Although potential between‐patch dispersal events were rare (on average 7% compared to 20% failed dispersal and 73% within‐patch dispersal), hornbills could cover distances of up to 15 km. Hornbills visited over 100 forest patches and connected a habitat network with an extent of about 50 km, which increased the potential functional connectivity of the landscape more than twofold.

We identified habitat patches that were critical stepping stones for seed dispersal pathways. Without these stepping stones, the network would likely disintegrate into separated components and lead to isolation of forest fragments.

Synthesis and applications. We showed that large frugivorous birds can greatly improve functional connectivity for fleshy‐fruited plants across broad scales, linking habitat patches in fragmented forest landscapes. Combining high‐resolution movement and landscape data in graph networks allows identifying seed dispersal pathways and critical stepping stones in fragmented landscapes. This approach addresses the general challenge of spatially explicit mapping of ecosystem services and can be widely incorporated in reserve design and landscape‐level conservation planning.
Differences in risk factors for incident and recurrent small‐for‐gestational‐age birthweight: a hospital‐based cohort study
Authors: Hinkle SN , Albert PS , Mendola P , Sjaarda LA , Boghossian NS , Yeung E , Laughon SK 
Published: April 2014

ObjectiveExamine whether small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) risk factors differed by prior SGA birth.DesignHospital‐based cohort study.SettingUtah, USA.PopulationElectronic medical record data from 25 241 women who were nulliparous at study entry with ≥2 subsequent consecutive singleton deliveries (2002–2010).MethodsEstimated adjusted relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for the association between second pregnancy characteristics and SGA risk. Tested for risk factor differences between recurrence and incidence (Pdifference).Main outcome measuresSecond pregnancy incident (n = 1067) and recurrent SGA (n = 484) determined using a population‐based reference.ResultsSGA complicated 20.3 and 4.5% of deliveries to women with and without a prior SGA birth, respectively. Young maternal age (Pdifference = 0.01) and pregnancy hypertensive diseases (Pdifference = 0.03) were associated with incident but not recurrent SGA. Significant risk factors for incidence and recurrence were smoking (incident RR = 1.64 [95% CI 1.22–2.19]; recurrent RR = 1.59 [95% CI 1.17–2.17]), short stature (incident RR = 1.34 [95% CI 1.16–1.54]; recurrent RR = 1.54 [95% CI 1.31–1.82]), prepregnancy underweight (incident RR = 1.32 [95% CI 1.07–1.64]; recurrent RR = 1.30 [95% CI 1.03–1.64]), and inadequate weight gain (incident RR = 1.41 [95% CI 1.22–1.64]; recurrent RR = 1.33 [95% CI 1.10–1.60]). Race‐ethnicity, marital or insurance status, alcohol, diabetes, asthma, thyroid disease, depression, or interpregnancy interval were not associated with incidence or recurrence.ConclusionThere was considerable overlap in the risk factors for SGA recurrence and incidence. Recurrence and incidence risk factors included smoking, short stature, underweight, and inadequate weight gain. Maternal age and hypertensive diseases increased the risk for incidence only. Regardless of the SGA definition, some potentially modifiable risk factors for recurrence were identified.
Retained placenta is associated with pre‐eclampsia, stillbirth, giving birth to a small‐for‐gestational‐age infant, and spontaneous preterm birth: a national register‐based study
Authors: Endler M , Saltvedt S , Cnattingius S , Stephansson O , Wikström A‐K 
Published: April 2014

ObjectiveTo evaluate whether defective placentation disorders, i.e. pre‐eclampsia, stillbirth, small for gestational age (SGA), and spontaneous preterm birth, are associated with risk of retained placenta.DesignPopulation‐based cohort study.SettingSweden.PopulationPrimiparous women in Sweden with singleton vaginal deliveries between 1997 and 2009 at 32–41 weeks of gestation (n = 386 607), without placental abruption or infants with congenital malformations.MethodsRisks were calculated as odds ratios (ORs) by unconditional logistic regression with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) after adjustments for maternal, delivery, and infant characteristics.Main outcome measureRetained placenta, defined by the presence of both a diagnostic code (of retained placenta) and a procedure code (for the manual removal of the placenta).ResultsThe overall rate of retained placenta was 2.17%. The risk of retained placenta was increased for women with pre‐eclampsia (adjusted OR, aOR, 1.37, 95% CI 1.21–1.54), stillbirth (aOR 1.71, 95% CI 1.28–2.29), SGA birth (aOR 1.47, 95% CI 1.28–1.70), and spontaneous preterm birth (32–34 weeks of gestation, aOR 2.35, 95% CI 1.97–2.81; 35–36 weeks of gestation, aOR 1.55, 95% CI 1.37–1.75). The risk was further increased for women with preterm pre‐eclampsia (aOR 1.69, 95% CI 1.25–2.28) and preterm SGA birth (aOR 2.19, 95% CI 1.42–3.38). There was no association between preterm stillbirth (aOR 1.10, 95% CI 0.63–1.92) and retained placenta, but the exposed group comprised only 15 cases.ConclusionsDefective placentation disorders are associated with an increased risk of retained placenta. Whether these relationships indicate a common pathophysiology remains to be investigated.