bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CL‐20 Evaporative Crystallization under Reduced Pressure
Authors: Maksimowski Paweł , Tchórznicki Paweł 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe effect of parameters of the CL‐20 crystallization process carried out by solvent removal by evaporation in vacuo on shape, polymorph type, crystal size, and on their shock sensitivity was studied. The CL‐20 crystallization process by this technique was shown to allow a precise control of the crystallization process parameters and of the process run. The o‐xylene/ ethyl acetate system proved to be highly effective. Selecting suitable values of the parameters such as: pressure, process time, temperature, stirring rate, CL‐20 crystals were obtained in the ε form (even with no need for inoculation of the crystallization system with polymorph ε seeds) and of the shape close to a spherical one. The crystal growth modifiers added allowed to additionally control the shape and size of the CL‐20 crystals formed and to produce crystals of reduced impact and friction sensitivity.
Demonstrating the effect of vertical and directional shear for resource mapping of wind power
Authors: Clack Christopher T. M. , Alexander Anneliese , Choukulkar Aditya , MacDonald Alexander E. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe use of wind energy is growing around the world, and its growth is set to continue into the foreseeable future. Estimates of the wind speed and power are helpful to assess the potential of new sites for development and to facilitate electric grid integration studies. In the present paper, wind speed and power resource mapping analyses are performed. These resource mappings are produced on a 13 km, hourly model grid over the entire continental USA for the years of 2006–2014. The effects of the rotor equivalent wind speed (REWS) along with directional shear are investigated. The total dataset (wind speed and power) contains ≈152,000 model grid points, with each location containing ≈78,000 hourly time steps. The resource mapping and dataset are created from analysis fields, which are output from an advanced weather assimilation model. Two different methods were used to estimate the wind speed over the rotor swept area (with rotor diameter of 100 m). First, using a single wind speed at hub height (80 m) and, second, the REWS with directional shear. The demonstration study shows that in most locations the incorporation of the REWS reduces the average available wind power. In addition, the REWS technique estimates more wind power production at night and less production in the day compared with the hub height technique; potentially critical for siting new wind turbines and plants. However, the wind power estimate differences are dependent on seasonality, diurnal cycle and geographic location. More research is warranted into these effects to determine the level at which these features are observed at actual wind plants.© 2015 The Authors. Wind Energy published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effectiveness and Mechanism of Preoperative Lugol Solution for Reducing Thyroid Blood Flow in Patients with Euthyroid Graves’ Disease
Authors: Huang Shih‐Ming , Liao Wei‐Ting , Lin Chiou‐Feng , Sun H. Sunny , Chow Nan‐Haw 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundTo reduce intraoperative and postoperative complications, using Lugol solution to preoperatively prepare patients with Graves’ disease has (1) rapidly reduced the severity of thyrotoxicosis and (2) reduced the vascularity of the thyroid gland. The vascularity reduction normally accompanies reducing the severity of thyrotoxicosis. However, the effects and mechanism of Lugol solution for reducing blood flow have not been well investigated in the patients with euthyroid (normally functioning thyroid) Graves’ disease.MethodsTwenty‐five patients with euthyroid Graves’ disease being preoperatively treated with Lugol solution for 10 days were measured, at baseline and on the operative day, for (1) superior thyroid artery blood flow; (2) systemic angiogenic factor (VEGF); and (3) systemic inflammatory factor [interleukin (IL)‐16].ResultsAll three parameters were significantly (p < 0.0001) lower after 10 days of Lugol solution treatment. The average reductions were blood flow: 60 % (0.294 vs. 0.117 L/min), serum VEGF: 55 % (169.8 vs. 76.7 pg/mL), and serum IL‐16: 50 % (427.2 vs. 214.2; pg/mL).ConclusionLugol solution significantly reduced thyroid arterial blood flow, VEGF, and IL‐16, even in patients with euthyroid Graves’ disease. We recommend routine preoperative Lugol solution treatment for all patients with Graves’ disease.
Self‐Gripping Meshes for Lichtenstein Repair. Do We Need Additional Suture Fixation?
Authors: Köhler Gernot , Lechner Michael , Mayer Franz , Köckerling Ferdinand , Schrittwieser Rudolf , Fortelny René H. , Adolf Daniela , Emmanuel Klaus 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe Lichtenstein repair is a frequently used treatment of inguinal hernias. In recent years, there has been an increasing tendency to apply self‐gripping meshes (s.g). In many cases, additional suture of the mesh is carried out; however, it is uncertain what the benefits or potential risks of this actually are.MethodsThe evaluation was undertaken on the basis of the Herniamed register, and covered all unilateral Lichtenstein operations between 01.09.2009 up to 30.09.2013. The analysis only included patients with whom s.g. meshes with resorbable micro hooks had been used (Progrip®, Covidien) and who had undergone a full 1‐year follow‐up examination (80.15 %).ResultsIn total, 2095 patients were suitable for analysis, of which 816 (38.95 %) cases received an additional suture fixation (Fix). With increasing hernia size, more frequent fixation took place (29.97 % of hernias <1.5 cm vs. 46.65 % of hernias >3 cm, p < 0.001). The recurrence rates 1 year after surgery did not show any significant differences (Fix. 0.86 % vs. No Fix. 1.17 %; p = 0.661) with and without fixation, even when being adjusted for covariables. Likewise, no differences were noted in terms of postoperative complications (Fix. 5.15 % vs. No Fix. 5.08 %; p = 1.0). In addition, the numbers of patients needing to be treated after 1 year for chronic pain were also comparable (Fix. 2.33 % vs. No Fix. 2.97 %; p = 0.411).ConclusionWithin the group that did not have additional suture fixation of self‐gripping meshes (No Fix.), the length of operations was on average 8 min shorter (p < 0.001). No differences could be observed in terms of postoperative complications, treatment requiring chronic pain and recurrence rates.
Transduodenal Ampullectomy for the Treatment of Early‐Stage Ampulla of Vater Cancer
Authors: Lee Huisong , Park Jin Young , Kwon Wooil , Heo Jin Seok , Choi Dong Wook , Choi Seong Ho 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundTransduodenal ampullectomy (TDA) is a less invasive procedure than pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). However, the outcomes of TDA and PD have been compared rarely in early ampullary cancer.MethodsFrom September 1994 to June 2013, the patients who underwent curative surgery for Tis or T1 ampulla of Vater neoplasm were identified. The patients were divided into two groups according to the types of surgery; TDA group and PD group. The patient characteristics and survival outcomes were retrospectively investigated between the two groups.ResultsTotal 137 patients were included in this study. The 18 patients underwent TDA and 119 patients underwent PD for Tis or T1 ampullary cancer. There was no lymph node metastasis in the patients with Tis tumor although 10 of 104 patients had lymph node metastasis in T1 cancer. After a median follow‐up of 50 months (range, 6–148), there were no recurrence after TDA for Tis tumor. However, the TDA was associated with higher local recurrence rate than PD in the patients with T1 ampullary cancer on Kaplan–Meier survival analysis (p = 0.007).ConclusionThe TDA is feasible treatment for Tis ampulla of Vater neoplasm. However, TDA is unsuitable for the treatment of T1 ampulla of Vater cancer.
Referential calls coordinate multi-species mobbing in a forest bird community
Authors: Suzuki Toshitaka N. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractJapanese great tits (Parus minor) use a sophisticated system of anti-predator communication when defending their offspring: they produce different mobbing calls for different nest predators (snake versus non-snake predators) and thereby convey this information to conspecifics (i.e. functionally referential call system). The present playback experiments revealed that these calls also serve to coordinate multi-species mobbing at nests; snake-specific mobbing calls attracted heterospecific individuals close to the sound source and elicited snake-searching behaviour, whereas non-snake mobbing calls attracted these birds at a distance. This study demonstrates for the first time that referential mobbing calls trigger different formations of multi-species mobbing parties.
Update on Brain Tumors: New Developments in Neuro‐oncologic Diagnosis and Treatment, and Impact on Rehabilitation Strategies
Authors: Shahpar Samman , Mhatre Priya V. , Huang Mark E. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBrain tumors can be a source of functional impairment to patients due to neurologic sequelae associated with the tumor itself as well as treatment side effects. As a result, many of these patients may require rehabilitation services. Surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy have been longstanding, primary treatment modalities in the management of brain tumors, though these treatments continue to evolve given new developments in research and technology. A better understanding of the diagnostic workup and current treatment standards helps the physiatrist and rehabilitation team identify rehabilitation services needed, recognize potential side‐effects from anticipated or concurrent treatments, and coordinate care with referral sources. The purpose of this article is to review these new advances in diagnosis and treatment of patients with brain tumors, as well as discuss the rehabilitation implications for this population, including factors such as rehabilitation approach, timing of concomitant treatment, cost management, and coordination of care.
Preparedness 3.0: Addressing the Future
Authors: Benjamin Georges C. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTThe last 14 years has taught us that that we are facing a new reality; a reality in which public health emergencies are a common occurrence. Today, we live in a world with dangerous people without state sponsorship who are an enormous threat to our safety; one where emerging and reemerging infectious diseases are waiting to break out; a world where the benefits of globalization in trade, transportation, and social media brings threats to our communities faster and with a greater risk than ever before. Even climate change has entered into the preparedness equation, bringing with it the forces of nature in the form of extreme weather and its complications. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2015;9:728–729)
Optimizing Health Care Coalitions: Conceptual Frameworks and a Research Agenda
Authors: Hupert Nathaniel , Biala Karen , Holland Tara , Baehr Avi , Hasan Aisha , Harvey Melissa 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe US health care system has maintained an objective of preparedness for natural or manmade catastrophic events as part of its larger charge to deliver health services for the American population. In 2002, support for hospital-based preparedness activities was bolstered by the creation of the National Bioterrorism Hospital Preparedness Program, now called the Hospital Preparedness Program, in the US Department of Health and Human Services. Since 2012, this program has promoted linking health care facilities into health care coalitions that build key preparedness and emergency response capabilities. Recognizing that well-functioning health care coalitions can have a positive impact on the health outcomes of the populations they serve, this article informs efforts to optimize health care coalition activity. We first review the landscape of health care coalitions in the United States. Then, using principles from supply chain management and high-reliability organization theory, we present 2 frameworks extending beyond the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response’s current guidance in a way that may help health care coalition leaders gain conceptual insight into how different enterprises achieve similar ends relevant to emergency response. We conclude with a proposed research agenda to advance understanding of how coalitions can contribute to the day-to-day functioning of health care systems and disaster preparedness. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness.2015;9:717–723)
Transforming Health Care Coalitions From Hospitals to Whole of Community: Lessons Learned From Two Large Health Care Organizations
Authors: Cormier Scott , Wargo Michael , Winslow Walter 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTA health care emergency preparedness coalition (coalition) is a group of health care organizations, public safety agencies, and public health partners that join forces for the common cause of making their communities safer, healthier, and more resilient. Coalitions have been characterized as being focused on hospital systems instead of the health care of the community as a whole. We discuss 2 examples of coalition partners that use a more inclusive approach to planning, response, and recovery. The first is a large health care system spread across 23 states, and the other is a public safety agency in northeast Pennsylvania that took the lead to address the preparedness and response toward a large influx of burn patients and grew to encompass all aspects of community health care. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2015;9:712–716)
Displacement flows under elastic membranes. Part 2. Analysis of interfacial effects
Authors: Peng Gunnar G. , Pihler-Puzović Draga , Juel Anne , Heil Matthias , Lister John R. 
Published: November 2015

We investigate the injection of inviscid gas into the narrow liquid-filled gap between a rigid base plate and an overlying elastic sheet. After an early-time transient in which the gas deflects the sheet into a large blister, the viscous liquid displaced by the expanding bubble starts to accumulate in a wedge which advances as the elastic sheet peels away from the base. We analyse theoretically the subsequent interaction between viscous forces, elastic (bending or tension) forces and capillary forces. Asymptotic expressions are derived for the speed of spreading of the bubble, which reveal that the effect of the capillary pressure drop at the bubble tip is to suck down the sheet over the liquid wedge and thereby reduce the speed. We show that the system passes through three different asymptotic regimes in sequence. At early times, capillary effects are weak and hence the spreading of the bubble is controlled dominantly by the viscous-peeling process at the wedge tip. The capillary forces grow in importance with time, and at late times they dominate viscous effects and balance with elastic forces, leading to quasi-static spreading. Finally, at very late times, the capillary suction generates a narrow bottleneck at the wedge tip, which pushes a large ridge of liquid ahead of it. These results hold in the framework of standard lubrication theory as well as with an improved lubrication model, which takes into account films of wetting liquid deposited behind the advancing bubble tip. The predictions of the model are shown to be in excellent agreement with the Navier–Stokes simulations and experimental results from Part 1 of this work.
Instability driven by boundary inflow across shear: a way to circumvent Rayleigh’s stability criterion in accretion disks?
Authors: Kerswell R. R. 
Published: November 2015

We investigate the two-dimensional (2D) instability recently discussed by Gallet et al. (Phys. Fluids, vol. 22, 2010, 034105) and Ilin & Morgulis (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 730, 2013, pp. 364–378) which arises when a radial cross-flow is imposed on a centrifugally stable swirling flow. By finding a simpler rectilinear example of the instability – a sheared half-plane, the minimal ingredients for the instability are identified and the destabilising/stabilising effect of inflow/outflow boundaries clarified. The instability – christened ‘boundary inflow instability’ here – is of critical layer type where this layer is either at the inflow wall and the growth rate is $O(\sqrt{{\it\eta}})$ (as found by Ilin & Morgulis (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 730, 2013, pp. 364–378)), or in the interior of the flow and the growth rate is $O({\it\eta}\log 1/{\it\eta})$, where ${\it\eta}$ measures the (small) inflow-to-tangential-flow ratio. The instability is robust to changes in the rotation profile, even to those which are very Rayleigh-stable, and the addition of further physics such as viscosity, three-dimensionality and compressibility, but is sensitive to the boundary condition imposed on the tangential velocity field at the inflow boundary. Providing the vorticity is not fixed at the inflow boundary, the instability seems generic and operates by the inflow advecting vorticity present at the boundary across the interior shear. Both the primary bifurcation to 2D states and secondary bifurcations to 3D states are found to be supercritical. Assuming an accretion flow driven by molecular viscosity only, so ${\it\eta}=O(Re^{-1})$, the instability is not immediately relevant for accretion disks since the critical threshold is $O(Re^{-2/3})$ and the inflow boundary conditions are more likely to be stress-free than non-slip. However, the analysis presented here does highlight the potential for mass entering a disk to disrupt the orbiting flow if this mass flux possesses vorticity.
Geographical variations of risk factors associated with HCV infection in drug users in southwestern China
Authors: ZHOU Y. B. , WANG Q. X. , YANG M. X. , GONG Y. H. , YANG Y. , NIE S. J. , LIANG S. , NAN L. , COATSWORTH A. , YANG A. H. , LIAO Q. , SONG X. X. , JIANG Q.W. 
Published: November 2015

SUMMARYHepatitis C virus (HCV) has become a global public health problem. Many studies have been conducted to identify risk factors for HCV infection. However, some of these studies reported inconsistent results. Using data collected from 11 methadone clinics, we fit both a non-spatial logistical regression and a geographically weighted logistic regression to analyse the association between HCV infection and some factors at the individual level. This study enrolled 5401 patients with 30·0% HCV infection prevalence. The non-spatial logistical regression found that injection history, drug rehabilitation history and senior high-school education or above were related to HCV infection; and being married was negatively associated with HCV infection. Using the spatial model, we found that Yi ethnicity was negatively related to HCV infection in 62·0% of townships, and being married was negatively associated with HCV infection in 81·0% of townships. Senior high-school education or above was positively associated with HCV infection in 55·2% of townships of the Yi Autonomous Prefecture. The spatial model offers better understanding of the geographical variations of the risk factors associated with HCV infection. The geographical variations may be useful for customizing intervention strategies for local regions for more efficient allocation of limited resources to control transmission of HCV.
Prenatal vitamin D supplementation and infant vitamin D status in Bangladesh
Authors: Perumal Nandita , Al Mahmud Abdullah , Baqui Abdullah H , Roth Daniel E 
Published: November 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the effect of prenatal maternal vitamin D supplementation on infant vitamin D status in a tropical region where vitamin D supplementation is not routine.DesignA prospective observational follow-up of a randomized trial.SettingMaternal–child health facility in Dhaka, Bangladesh (23°N).SubjectsInfants born to pregnant women (n 160) randomized to receive 875 µg (35 000 IU) cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) per week (VD) or placebo (PL) during the third trimester were followed from birth until 6 months of age (n 115). Infant serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration (25(OH)D) was measured at <1, 2, 4 and 6 months of age.ResultsMean infant 25(OH)D was higher in the VD v. PL group at <1 month of age (mean (sd): 80 (20) nmol/l v. 22 (18) nmol/l; P<0·001), but the difference was attenuated by 2 months (52 (19) nmol/l v. 40 (23) nmol/l; P=0·05). Groups were similar at 4 months (P=0·40) and 6 months (n 72; P=0·26). In the PL group, mean infant 25(OH)D increased to 78 (95 % CI 67, 88) nmol/l by 6 months of age (n 34). 25(OH)D was higher with infant formula-feeding and higher in summer v. winter.ConclusionsPrenatal third-trimester vitamin D supplementation (875 µg (35 000 IU)/week) significantly ameliorated infant vitamin D status during the neonatal period when the risk of vitamin D deficiency is greatest. Further research is warranted to determine factors that contribute to the rise in 25(OH)D during the first 6 months of life among breast-fed infants in this setting.
Pachychoroid neovasculopathy and age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Miyake Masahiro , Ooto Sotaro , Yamashiro Kenji , Takahashi Ayako , Yoshikawa Munemitsu , Akagi-Kurashige Yumiko , Ueda-Arakawa Naoko , Oishi Akio , Nakanishi Hideo , Tamura Hiroshi , Tsujikawa Akitaka , Yoshimura Nagahisa 
Published: November 2015

AbstractPachychoroid neovasculopathy is a recently proposed clinical entity of choroidal neovascularization (CNV). As it often masquerades as neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD), it is currently controversial whether pachychoroid neovasculopathy should be distinguished from neovascular AMD. This is because its characteristics have yet to be well described. To estimate the relative prevalence of pachychoroid neovasculopathy in comparison with neovascular AMD and to investigate the phenotypic/genetic differences of the two diseases, we evaluated 200 consecutive Japanese patients who agreed to participate in the genetic study and diagnosed with pachychoroid neovasculopathy or neovascular AMD. Pachychoroid neovasculopathy was observed in 39 individuals (19.5%), which corresponds to one fourth of neovascular AMD. Patients with pachychoroid neovasculopathy were significantly younger (p = 5.1 × 10−5) and showed a greater subfoveal choroidal thickness (p = 3.4 × 10−14). Their genetic susceptibility to AMD was significantly lower than that of neovascular AMD; ARMS2 rs10490924 (p = 0.029), CFH rs800292 (p = 0.013) and genetic risk score calculated from 11 AMD susceptibility genes (p = 3.8 × 10−3). Current results implicate that the etiologies of the two conditions must be different. Thus, it will be necessary to distinguish these two conditions in future studies.