bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Effective Method to Evaluate the Scientific Research Projects
Authors: Hou Xiaohui , Huang Lei , Li Xuefei 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The evaluation of the scientific research projects is an important procedure before the scientific research projects are approved. The BP neural network and linear neural network are adopted to evaluate the scientific research projects in this paper. The evaluation index system with 12 indexes is set up. The basic principle of the neural network is analyzed and then the BP neural network and linear neural network models are constructed and the output error function of the neural networks is introduced. The Matlab software is applied to set the parameters and calculate the neural networks. By computing a real-world example, the evaluation results of the scientific research projects are obtained and the results of the BP neural network, linear neural network and linear regression forecasting are compared. The analysis shows that the BP neural network has higher efficiency than the linear neural network and linear regression forecasting in the evaluation of the scientific research projects problem. The method proposed in this paper is an effective method to evaluate the scientific research projects.
In Memory of Professor Grace Wales Shugar: Introduction to the Special Issues on “Children’s Language and Communicative Knowledge”
Authors: Bokus Barbara 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
This paper is an outline of Grace Wales Shugar’s research approach and some of her main theses in the field of language acquisition and children’s discourse. Her idea of dual agentivity of adult-child interaction shows how to best support children’s communicative skills: It is only when children can show what they know in their own way, and when that child knowledge is received and used in a discourse process, that we can expect a child’s inner motivation to acquire knowledge from others to be maintained and to become a driving force of the child’s further development (Shugar, 1995, p. 233).
The Nature of Child-Adult Interaction. From Turn-Taking to Understanding Pointing and Use of Pointing Gestures
Authors: Białek Arkadiusz , Białecka-Pikul Marta , Stępień-Nycz Małgorzata 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Analyses of interactions between an adult and a one-year-old child are often connected with studying early communicative competences, e.g. the child’s participation in turn-taking sequences, in joint attention, and use of pointing gestures. Infants’ communicative behaviors were studied using a structured observational measure - the Early Social Communication Scales (Mundy et al., 2003) in a study of 358 12-month-old children. An exploratory factor analysis revealed: (i) a distinction between the categories of initiation and response among the behaviors displayed, (ii) simple and complex behavior categories occurring; (iii) the presence within one factor of behaviors fulfilling various functions (e.g. requesting and sharing interest). An analysis of the results showed that communicative competences can be classified according to their level and ignoring their function, and made it possible to suggest modifications to the way in which behaviors are coded on the ESCS and to complement the procedure of studying early communicative competences.
Deaf Children Building Narrative Texts. Effect of Adult-Shared vs. Non-Shared Perception of a Picture Story
Authors: Tarwacka-Odolczyk Agata , Tomaszewski Piotr , Szymańska Agnieszka , Bokus Barbara 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
This paper discusses the communicative competence of deaf children. It illustrates the process in which such children build narrative texts in interaction with a deaf teacher, and presents the diversity of this process due to the shared vs. non-shared perception of a picture - the source of the topic. Detailed analyses focus on the formal and semantic aspect of the stories, including the length of the text in sign language, the content selected, information categories, and types of answers to the teacher’s questions. This text is our contribution in memory of Professor Grace Wales Shugar, whose idea of dual agentivity of child-adult interaction inspired the research presented here.
Are Neural Substrates of Language and Communication Distinct?
Authors: Rytel Jolanta 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Universal Grammar serves as a basis for acquiring language competence, but it is not sufficient to acquire communicative competence. To be a competent sender or receiver of an utterance, one needs to be able to infer another person’s intentions or beliefs. In other words, one needs to have a theory of mind. Are then neural substrates of linguistic and communicative abilities distinct, too? The paper characterizes language as a specific human feature and briefly describes both language competence and communicative competence. Finally, it presents the results of an fMRI study according to which communicative and linguistic abilities rely on cerebrally (and computationally) distinct mechanisms.
The impact of explicit and implicit power motivation on educational choices
Authors: Maliszewski Norbert , Kuźmińska Anna O. , Wieczorkowska-Wierzbińska Grażyna , Werner-Maliszewska Anna 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe aim of three studies was to examine the differences between business majors and non-business majors, in their level of implicit (measured by an Implicit Association Test [IAT], Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwarz, 1998) and explicit power motivation (measured by Power Motivation and Helping Power Motivation scales, Frieze & Boneva, 2001).It was predicted that there are no differences between these two groups in the general (implicit) level of power motivation, but that differences exist in the way it is explicitly expressed: through desire for leadership and prominence vs. desire for helping. Results of Study 1 indicated that business majors (management, N=79) declared a higher leadership motive and a lower helping motive than non-business majors (history, psychology, linguistics, N=62).Study 2 addressed question whether the above differences in power motivation stem from socialization at the university level or from pre-selection. The relationship between high school students’ (N=134) academic major preferences and their power motivation was tested. It was found that the more they were business-oriented, the higher their scores were on leadership, and lower on helping scales. In Study 3, business majors (economics, N=75) and non-business majors (psychology, N=82) completed the same questionnaire as participants in previous studies, as well as performed the IAT. Non-business majors declared stronger explicit helping motive, while business majors expressed stronger prominence and leadership motives. Furthermore, for non-business majors, IAT results could be predicted by their helping score. Implications and possible limitations of the presented results are discussed.
The influence of need for closure on expectations about and outcomes of negotiations
Authors: Pietrzak Janina , Jochemczyk Łukasz , Serbin Piotr , Kuśka Magdalena 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Need for closure is a construct that describes a motivational tendency to quickly select and prioritize information in the environment. Such tendencies can affect the process of negotiations, and so the quality of their outcome. The rigidity that accompanies high need for closure can lead to less openness to proposals that benefit one’s partner, and to solutions that are less optimal. We conducted a study in which 34 pairs of individuals negotiated. Pairs were matched in terms of need for closure (high vs. low) and gender. We found that need for closure affected subjective evaluations of certain aspects of the negotiation process. Participants with low need for closure were more likely to indicate that they and their partners sought win-win solutions during the negotiation. This led to a greater sense of process fairness for the negotiation. These results can be taken into consideration when teaching negotiations, and when planning real-life negotiations.
Striving for Consistency Shapes Emotional Responses to Other’s Outcomes
Authors: Pietraszkiewicz Agnieszka , Wojciszke Bogdan 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Based on the balance theory (Heider, 1958), we hypothesized that emotions (i.e., schadenfreude, resentment, joy and sorrow) induced by other person’s outcomes function as responses restoring balance within cognitive units consisting of the perceiver, other persons and their outcomes. As a consequence, emotional reactions towards others’ outcomes depend on the perceiver’s attitudes in such a way that outcomes of a well-liked person rise congruous responses (sorrow after failure and joy after success), while outcomes of a disliked other lead to incongruous responses (schadenfreude after failure and resentment after success). Our participants recalled a situation from their past in which somebody they liked or disliked had succeed or failed. Additionally, we manipulated whether the outcome referred to a domain where participants’ self-interest was involved or not. We analyzed the participants’ average emotional state as well as specific emotions induced by the recalled events. Consistently with expectations we found that balancing principles played a major role in shaping emotional responses to successes and failures of person who were well-liked or disliked.
“Red wins”, “black wins” and “blue loses” effects are in the eye of beholder, but they are culturally universal: A cross-cultural analysis of the influence of outfit colours on sports performance.
Authors: Sorokowski Piotr , Szmajke Andrzej , Hamamura Takeshi , Jiang Feng , Sorokowska Agnieszka 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Although many studies have demonstrated an influence of uniform colors on sports performance, there are still more questions than answers regarding this issue. In our study, participants from Poland (N = 147) and China (N = 143) watched a two-minute video of a semi-professional boxing match. The participants viewed six different versions of the same fight - the original was modified to change the colors of the boxers’ trunks (red vs. blue, blue vs. red, blue vs. black, black vs. blue, red vs. black, and black vs. red). We experimentally confirmed that “black wins” and “red wins” effects exist, but in a way that caused an erroneous perception of the number of blows landed by boxers wearing red and black trunks fighting against boxers in blue trunks. We also showed that both effects are similarly strong even in Chinese culture, where the color red has different connotations from those in Western cultures. Additionally, our results suggest that context might play a very important role in the assessments of the boxers - color only influenced the perception of the weaker boxer. Finally, our findings suggest that the topic of the influence of colors on sports competitions has not been thoroughly investigated and further studies are necessary.
Typology of taxpayers and tax policy
Authors: Niesiobedzka Malgorzata 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe issue how to reduce of tax evasion is widely discussed in the literature. A public authority may affect the behavior of taxpayers, not only through economic factors, but also by strengthen fiscal discipline. In this process especially role play such issues as tax morale, tax mentality and perceived tax justice. The purpose of the study was to identify groups of taxpayers with similar attitudes towards taxes and similar tax behaviors. Cluster analysis elicited four types of tax payers: Intrinsic Tax Payer, External Tax Payer, Intrinsic Tax Evader, External Tax Evader. In the study the most common were the first two types of taxpayers. Elicited types correspond with motivational tax postures identified by Braithwaite(2001, 2003) and Torgler (2003). The conclusions sum up the key issues discussed, policy implications and the limitation of the analysis.
Differential S-phase progression after irradiation of p53 functional versus non-functional tumour cells
Authors: Zölzer Friedo , Mußfeldt Tamare , Streffer Christian 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Background. Many pathways seem to be involved in the regulation of the intra-S-phase checkpoint after exposure to ionizing radiation, but the role of p53 has proven to be rather elusive. Here we have a closer look at the progression of irradiated cells through S-phase in dependence of their p53 status.
Materials and methods. Three pairs of tumour cell lines were used, each consisting of one p53 functional and one p53 non-functional line. Cells were labelled with bromodeoxyuridine(BrdU) immediately after irradiation, they were then incubated in label-free medium, and at different times afterwards their position within the S-phase was determined by means of flow cytometry.
Results. While in the p53 deficient cells progression through S-phase was slowed significantly over at least a few hours, it was halted for just about an hour in the p53 proficient cells and then proceeded without further delay or even at a slightly accelerated pace.
Conclusions. It is clear from the experiments presented here that p53 does play a role for the progress of cells through the S-phase after X-ray exposure, but the exact mechanisms by which replicon initiation and elongation is controlled in irradiated cells remain to be elucidated.
Post Kala Azar Dermal Leishmaniasis (PKDL) Presenting with Ulcerated Chronic Paronychia Like Lesion
Authors: Jha AK , Anand V , Mallik SK , Kumar P 
Published: September 2014

A 50-year-old lady, resident of urban Bihar, presented with inflamed proximal nail fold of a single digit for one and half months. The lesion on distal finger was remarkable for ulceration. Mucocutaneous examination revealed multiple hypopigmented macules and patches, notable for absence of scaling. The presence of ulceration was not consistent with chronic paronychia, hence, she was asked for biopsy. She declined and opted for trial of antibiotic and anti-fungal treatment. At two weeks of follow up, no improvement was noted at all. At the same time, she developed multiple juicy papules in perioral area and on neck. She tested positive by rK 39 tests. Histopathology from periungual area showed LD body. She was diagnosed as Post Kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis and was treated with miltefosine 50 mg twice daily for three months, resulting in complete resolution of all lesions. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v10i4.11010 Kathmandu Univ Med J 2012;10(4):87-90
Abnormal Length and Position of the Sigmoid Colon and Its Clinical Significance
Authors: Nayak SB , George BM , Mishra S 
Published: September 2014

Sigmoid colon is one of the most variable parts of the large intestine. Here we report a very rare type of variation of the sigmoid colon. This variation was observed during the routine dissections for undergraduate medical students at Melaka Manipal Medical College (Manipal Campus) India in September 2012. In the current case, the sigmoid colon was about 60cms long and made an inverted U shaped loop in front of the descending colon and the left kidney. It had a sigmoid mesocolon which covered the left kidney. The sigmoid colon had an ascending and a descending limb. This position of sigmoid colon and its mesocolon is dangerous as it can get twisted to form a volvulus. It also might cause confusions in radiologic and sigmoidoscopy techniques. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v10i4.11012 Kathmandu Univ Med J 2012;10(4):95-97
Ambiguities of Space and Control: When Refugee Camp and Nomadic Encampment Meet
Authors: Wilson Alice 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
This article explores sedentarisation as a process of inherent tension between the rupture and preservation of values associated with mobility. This tension is compelling when mobile pastoralists settle in refugee camps. Refugee camps may resemble nomadic encampments in material infrastructure and (alleged) non-permanence. Yet refugee camps contrast with nomadic encampments in facilitating control and evoking, through its disruption, rootedness. In the case of refugees of mobile pastoralist heritage from the disputed territory of Western Sahara, the tension in the meeting of nomadic encampment and refugee camps sees the nomadic encampment reproduced and transformed in the refugee camp. This creates ambiguities of space and control.
'They Talk to Us but Never Listen to Us': Development-Induced Displacement among Syria's Bedouin
Authors: Dukhan Haian 
Published: September 2014

Abstract

The Bedouin constitute an important part of Syrian society, having pursued a nomadic way of life in the Syrian steppe (
al-Badia
) for centuries. However, since the 1960s, new challenges have emerged that threaten the Bedouin way of survival and their culture in Syria. Economic and environmental factors in addition to government policies have threatened desert culture and the traditional livelihoods of the Bedouin and have pushed them to give up their life in the desert and move to live on the outskirts of cities. Through a synthesis of ethnographic, economic, environmental and geographical data, this paper will explore changes among the Bedouin, with specific interest in how they relate to resettlement in terms of 'development-induced displacement'. The Bedouin in Syria, like mobile indigenous people all over the world, are facing a combination of challenges, from extreme climatic and environmental changes to increasing marginalisation and sedentarisation by the governments of the countries they live in. They also find it hard to influence policy-making in any projects initiated by international development agencies on their lands and migratory routes. This study will shed light on the policies of the Syrian government and international development agencies in dealing with the Bedouin in Syria and investigate how these policies have contributed to Bedouin settlement.
'Unused' Land and Unfulfilled Promises: Justifications for Displacing Communities in East Africa
Authors: Galaty John G. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Recent studies of large-scale land acquisitions, colloquially known as 'land grabbing', have reviewed factors driving international land deals, conditions that make regions vulnerable to land loss and anticipated outcomes for current land holders. Diverse audiences are persuaded by justificatory narratives of the reasonableness of transfers of land rights. which explain away large-scale transfers of land from farmers to commercial enterprises in order to disarm critics and agents of resistance, and establish a foundation of ideas that underpins perceived reality. With reference to cases of systematic dispossession in East Africa, this paper will focus on three types of pragmatic narratives used to justify land appropriation: the type-casting of lands and resident populations being targeted, the often utopian goals of development being pursued and the investment commitments being made. It asks whether the rationales that underpin large-scale land allocations by states reflects the type of utilitarian logic depicted by Rawls in his work on theories of justice, where hypothetical theories of end-goals are used to abrogate concrete rights held by actual individuals and communities.
Patient‐centered, evidence‐based, and cost‐conscious cancer care across the continuum: Translating the Institute of Medicine report into clinical practice
Authors: Nekhlyudov Larissa , Levit Laura , Hurria Arti , Ganz Patricia A. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIn 2013, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) concluded that cancer care in the United States is in crisis. Patients and their families are not receiving the information that they need to make informed decisions about their cancer care. Many patients do not have access to palliative care and too few are referred to hospice at the appropriate point in their disease trajectory. Simultaneously, there is a growing demand for cancer care with increases in new cancer diagnoses and the number of patients surviving cancer. Furthermore, there is a workforce shortage to care for this growing and elderly population. The IOM's report, Delivering High‐Quality Cancer Care: Charting a New Course for a System in Crisis, outlined recommendations to improve the quality of cancer care. This article provides an overview of the IOM report and highlights the recommendations that are most relevant to practicing clinicians who care for patients with cancer across the continuum. The implementation of the recommendations in clinical practice will require better patient‐clinician communication, improved care coordination, targeted clinician training, effective dissemination of evidence‐based guidelines and strategies for eliminating waste, and continuous quality assessment and improvement efforts. CA Cancer J Clin 2014;64:408–421. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Elemente einer politischen Philosophie bei Albertus Magnus und ihre Bedeutung für die politische Philosophie des Thomas von Aquin
Authors: Pierpauli José Ricardo 
Published: September 2014

Résumé L’auteur présente une triple conception de la politique dans l’œuvre d’Albert : 1. la politique comme science pratique, 2. la politique comme activité de gouvernement et 3. la politique comme agir de l’individu. Cette conception permet de systématiser l’ensemble des thèses philosophico-politiques d’Albert pour les replacer ensuite dans leur signification pour la philosophie politique de Thomas d’Aquin.
Le réalisme propositionnel de Walter Burley
Authors: Cesalli Laurent 
Published: September 2014

Résumé Le présent article propose une étude « génétique » de la théorie de la proposition de Walter Burley. La notion de propositio in re y est considérée d’un point de vue interne, en relation avec la théorie augustinienne de la visio et en comparaison avec le Sachverhalt de la philosophie moderne. Il en résulte que l’expression ‘ propositio in re ’ ne renvoie à aucune entité clairement définissable. Elle est plutôt le symptôme de l’intention fondamentale de Burley : doter toute proposition vraie d’un corrélat objectif.
Baruch secundum Decanum Salesburiensem : Text and Introduction to the Earliest Latin Commentary on Baruch
Authors: Sulavik O.P. Athanasius 
Published: September 2014

Résumé La Glossa super Baruch , composée à Paris à la fin du xii e s. ou au début du xiii e s., est le plus ancien commentaire latin connu sur le livre de Baruch et a servi de source principale au commentaire d’Hugues de Saint-Cher sur ce livre. Il est attribué à un ‘doyen de Salisbury’, maître vraisemblablement issu de l’école biblique morale d’Étienne Langton, qui pourrait être soit Richard Poore, soit Thomas Chobham.
Le rôle des passages « par » l'acte dans l'élaboration du trauma somatopsychique
Authors: Boucherat-Hue Valérie 
Published: September 2014

Cet article s’intéresse aux psychopathologies dites « périnévrotiques » à partir de la clinique de l’installation et de la transformation du fantasme originaire dans le processus de la cure chez une patiente plus (péri) névrosée que (psycho) névrosée. Les périnévroses se singularisent par le maintien d’un secteur de névrose infantile non transformé et toujours agissant qui a entravé la structuration de l’organisateur génital pubertaire. Les périnévroses se distinguent des états-limites car elles portent les traces de la traversée triangulée de l’Œdipe infantile. Dans cette conception, le périnévrotique peut évoluer, avec une prise en charge psychanalytique ajustée aux caractéristiques corporopsychiques de ces patients « aux limites de la névrose », vers la structuration psychonévrotique classique.