bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiologic Patterning of Joint Damage to the Foot in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Matsumoto Takumi , Nakamura Ichiro , Miura Ayumi , Momoyama Gen , Ito Katsumi 
Published: October 2013

ObjectiveFoot and ankle deformities greatly affect the quality of life of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. The aim of this study was to elucidate the pattern of destruction of the RA foot and its impact on patients.MethodsWe cross‐sectionally investigated RA patients (274 patients and 542 feet) using radiographs. The grade of joint destruction was assigned using Larsen's grading system for 12 joints in the foot and ankle. Cluster analysis was performed using the K‐means method to classify the pattern of joint destruction. Of the 274 patients evaluated radiographically, 212 were assessed for functional disability using questionnaires.ResultsCluster analysis revealed that 542 feet were divided into 5 clusters, named according to the characteristic distribution of joint destruction: cluster I (normal type), cluster II (forefoot type), cluster III (midfoot type), cluster IV (mid‐hindfoot type), and cluster V (combined type). Radiographic measurements revealed the characteristic deformities of each cluster: splay foot for cluster II, flat foot for cluster III, hindfoot malalignment for cluster IV, and mixtures of these characteristics for cluster V. A distribution map of each cluster based on disease duration revealed that cluster III peaked in cases of 5–10‐year disease duration and subsequently decreased, followed by a gradual increase of cluster IV and cluster V. Cluster IV and cluster V showed significant changes in functional disability compared to cluster III.ConclusionThis report is the first to reveal the pattern of RA foot deformities and their impact on patients using statistical measures in a large series.
Cost Effectiveness of Training Rural Providers to Perform Joint Injections
Authors: Nelson Richard E. , Battistone Michael J. , Ashworth William D. , Barker Andrea M. , Grotzke Marissa , Huhtala Timothy A. , LaFleur Joanne , Tashjian Robert Z. , Cannon Grant W. 
Published: October 2013

ObjectiveCommunity‐based outpatient clinics (CBOCs) have been established by the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) to provide primary care services to veterans living in remote and rural regions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the cost effectiveness of training rural primary care providers to perform knee injections in CBOCs, thereby avoiding referring the patient to an urban medical center for an injection by rheumatology or orthopedic specialists.MethodsWe developed a decision‐analysis model to compare costs and outcomes between rural providers who are trained to perform knee injections versus those who are not trained, therefore requiring a referral to a specialist to provide the injections. The model was run separately using costs from the perspective of the VA as well from the patient's perspective. The effectiveness outcome was quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs). Probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed using 10,000 second‐order Monte Carlo simulations.ResultsIn our base‐case analyses, the incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio for trained rural providers was $21,190/QALY using costs from the perspective of the VA and $205/QALY using costs from the patient's perspective. Training rural providers was cost effective in 74.4% and 93.6% of 10,000 Monte Carlo simulations at a willingness‐to‐pay threshold of $50,000/QALY from the perspectives of the VA and the patient, respectively.ConclusionTraining rural providers to perform knee injections for patients with knee pain secondary to osteoarthritis appears cost effective using the commonly used threshold of $50,000/QALY if more than 20 such patients per year are seen at rural primary care clinics. These results provide support for our ongoing efforts to implement such a training program.
Cardiac Tissue Characterization and the Diagnostic Value of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance in Systemic Connective Tissue Diseases
Authors: Mavrogeni Sophie , Sfikakis Petros P. , Gialafos Elias , Bratis Konstantinos , Karabela Georgia , Stavropoulos Efthymios , Spiliotis Georgios , Sfendouraki Eliza , Panopoulos Stylianos , Bournia Vasiliki , Kolovou Genovefa , Kitas George D. 
Published: October 2013

ObjectiveAccurate diagnosis of cardiovascular involvement in connective tissue diseases (CTDs) remains challenging. We hypothesized that cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) demonstrates cardiac lesions in symptomatic CTD patients with normal echocardiography.MethodsCMR from 246 CTD patients with typical cardiac symptoms (TCS; n = 146, group A) or atypical cardiac symptoms (ATCS; n = 100, group B) was retrospectively evaluated. Group A included 9 patients with inflammatory myopathy (IM), 35 with sarcoidosis, 30 with systemic sclerosis (SSc), 14 with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 10 with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and 48 with small vessel vasculitis. Group B included 25 patients with RA, 20 with SLE, 20 with sarcoidosis, 15 with SSc, 10 with IM, and 10 with small vessel vasculitis. CMR was performed by 1.5T; left ventricular ejection fraction, T2 ratio (edema imaging), and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE; fibrosis imaging) were evaluated. Acute and chronic lesions were characterized as LGE positive plus T2 ratio >2 and T2 ratio ≤2, respectively. According to LGE, lesions were characterized as diffuse subendocardial, subepicardial, and subendocardial/transmural due to vasculitis, myocarditis, and myocardial infarction, respectively. A stress study by dobutamine echocardiography or stress, nuclear, or adenosine CMR was performed in CTD patients with negative rest CMR.ResultsAbnormal CMR was identified in 32% (27% chronic) and 15% (12% chronic) of patients with TCS and ATCS, respectively. Lesions due to vasculitis, myocarditis, and myocardial infarction were evident in 27.4%, 62.6%, and 9.6% of CTD patients, respectively. Stress studies in CTD patients with negative CMR revealed coronary artery disease in 20%.ConclusionCMR in symptomatic CTD patients with normal echocardiography can assess disease acuity and identify vasculitis, myocarditis, and myocardial infarction.
Comparison of Interfacial Reactions Between AlSi7Mg and Alumina Filter After Casting and Spark Plasma Sintering**
Authors: Salomon Anton , Zienert Tilo , Voigt Claudia , Jäckel Eva , Fabrichnaya Olga , Rafaja David , Aneziris Christos G. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractSo‐called “small impingement tests” were performed with alumina ceramic foam filters and melt of the aluminum alloy AlSi7Mg (A356). A second set of samples was produced using the “spark plasma sintering” (SPS). After solidification, the resulting interface formation between metal melt and ceramic was compared to evaluate differences between the impingement test that is very close to industrial metal melt filtration conditions and the powder metallurgical SPS process without convection of the liquid metal. The melt generation and interface formation during SPS was characterized by high heating rates of up to 1500 K min−1, holding times of 1 min up to 60 min and fast cooling. Using energy and wavelength dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, indications for spinel (MgAl2O4) were found at the original interface between AlSi7Mg melt and the alumina filter. Thermodynamic calculations were conducted and spinel formation was confirmed. It was demonstrated that SPS could serve as a fast and reliable tool to facilitate the reactions that occur at metal melt/ceramic interfaces during filtration.
Crystal Size, Morphology, and Growth Mechanism in Bio‐Inspired Apatite Nanocrystals
Authors: Delgado‐López José Manuel , Frison Ruggero , Cervellino Antonio , Gómez‐Morales Jaime , Guagliardi Antonietta , Masciocchi Norberto 
Published: October 2013

Bio‐inspired apatite nanoparticles precipitated in the presence of citrate ions at increasing maturation times are characterized in terms of structure, size, morphology, and composition through advanced X‐ray total scattering techniques. The origin of the platy crystal morphology, breaking the hexagonal symmetry, and the role of citrate ions is explored. By cross‐coupling the size and shape information of crystal domains with those obtained by atomic force microscopy on multidomain nanoparticles, a plausible mechanism underlying the amorphous‐to‐crystal transformation is reconstructed. In the present study, citrate plays the distinct roles of inducing the platy morphology of the amorphous precursor and controlling the thickness of the Ca‐deficient apatite nanocrystals. These findings can open new scenarios also in bone mineralization, where citrate might have a broader role to play than has been thought to date.
Molecular Iodine‐Mediated Cascade Reaction of 2‐Alkynylbenzaldehyde and Indole: An Easy Access to Tetracyclic Indoloazulene Derivatives
Authors: Gawande Sachin D. , Kavala Veerababurao , Zanwar Manoj R. , Kuo Chun‐Wei , Huang Hsiu‐Ni , He Chiu‐Hui , Kuo Ting‐Shen , Yao Ching‐Fa 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe synthesis of iodo‐substituted tetracyclic indole fused azulene derivatives was achieved from the reaction of 2‐(substituted phenylethynyl)benzaldehydes and different indoles in the presence of molecular iodine. The reaction involves the formation of a bisindole from the corresponding 2‐(substituted phenylethynyl)benzaldehyde and indole followed by iodocyclization in a one‐pot cascade process. A wide range of 2‐(substituted phenylethynyl)benzaldehydes and indoles were utilized in this protocol to derive a diverse range of iodo‐substituted tetracyclic indole fused azulene derivatives in moderate to good yields. Further functionalizations of the iodo‐substituted tetracyclic indole fused azulenes were achieved by various palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions to generate highly substituted tetracyclic indole fused azulene derivatives.magnified image
Iodine‐Catalyzed Selective Synthesis of 2‐Sulfanylphenols via Oxidative Aromatization of Cyclohexanones and Disulfides
Authors: Ge Wenlei , Zhu Xun , Wei Yunyang 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIodine‐catalyzed intermolecular dehydrogenative aromatizations of six‐membered cyclohexanones for the selective synthesis of 2‐sulfanylphenols have been developed. Both aryl and alkyl disulfides can be used as sulfanylation reagents to give the desired products in good yields under the optimized reaction conditions. The catalytic reaction uses dimethyl sulfoxide or oxygen as the terminal oxidant and avoids the use of transition metal catalysts. In addition, α‐sulfanyl enones could also be obtained via an iodine‐catalyzed oxidative system from simple cyclic ketones using dimethyl sulfoxide as the oxidant.magnified image
Race‐based job discrimination, disparities in job control, and their joint effects on health
Authors: Meyer John D 
Published: October 2013

ObjectivesTo examine disparities between job control scores in Black and White subjects and attempt to discern whether self‐rated low job control in Blacks may arise from structural segregation into different jobs, or represents individual responses to race‐based discrimination in hiring or promotion.MethodsData from the National Survey of Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) were analyzed by mixed‐effects linear regression and variance regression to determine the effects of grouping by occupation, and racial discrimination in hiring or promotion, on control scores from the Job Content Questionnaire in Black and White subjects. Path analyses were constructed to determine the mediating effect of discrimination on pathways from education and job control to self‐rated health.ResultsBlack subjects exhibited lower mean job control scores compared to Whites (mean score difference 2.26, P < 0.001) adjusted for age, sex, education, and income. This difference narrowed to 1.86 when adjusted for clustering by occupation, and was greatly reduced by conditioning on race‐based discrimination (score difference 1.03, P = 0.12). Path analyses showed greater reported discrimination in Blacks with increasing education, and a stronger effect of job control on health in Black subjects.ConclusionsIndividual racially‐based discrimination appears a stronger determinant than structural segregation in reduced job control in Black workers, and may contribute to health disparities consequent on work. Am. J. Ind. Med. 57:587–595, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dengue, Japanese encephalitis and Chikungunya virus antibody prevalence among captive monkey (Macaca nemestrina) colonies of Northern Thailand
Authors: Nakgoi Khajornpong , Nitatpattana Narong , Wajjwalku Worawidh , Pongsopawijit Pornsawan , Kaewchot Supakarn , Yoksan Sutee , Siripolwat Voravit , Souris Marc , Gonzalez Jean‐Paul 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe potential of macaque Macaca nemestrina leonina in Thailand to be infected by endemic arboviruses was assessed. The prevalence of antibodies of three arboviruses actively circulating in Thailand was determined by Plaque Reduction Neutralization assay procedures using samples from captive colonies in Northern Thailand. Out of 38 macaques, 9 (24%) presented reacting antibodies against dengue virus, 5 (13%) against Japanese encephalitis virus, and 4 (10%) against Chikungunya virus. Our results indicate that the northern pig‐tailed macaque in Thailand can be infected by these arboviruses, inferring therefore that their virus specific vectors have bitten them. Given that, northern pig‐tailed macaque represents an abundant population, living in close range to human or in peridomestic setting, they could play a role as potential reservoir host for arboviruses circulating in Thailand. Am. J. Primatol. 76:97–102, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Systemic prednisone administration selectively alters granulocyte subsets in nasal polyps from aspirin‐exacerbated respiratory disease and chronic rhinosinusitis patients
Authors: Edward Justin A. , Sanyal Mrinmoy , Ramakrishnan Vijay R. , Le Wei , Nguyen Alan L. , Kingdom Todd T. , Hwang Peter H. , Nayak Jayakar V. 
Published: October 2013

BackgroundNasal polyps (NPs) are hallmark inflammatory lesions of sinusitis. Despite the spectrum of NP conditions, cellular differences between NPs from patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with NPs (CRSwNP) and aspirin‐exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) are poorly understood. NPs are associated with abundant eosinophils; the contributions of neutrophil and basophil granulocytes are less defined. We therefore sought to assess granulocyte subpopulations, and differential effects following prednisone pretreatment, within NPs of CRSwNP and AERD patients.MethodsNPs, adjacent ethmoid sinus tissue, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were obtained from patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery. Samples from 5 cohorts: CRSwNP ± prednisone (n = 6 each), AERD ± prednisone (n = 6 each), and controls (n = 9), were analyzed by high‐dimensional flow cytometry to gate granulocyte populations. Specimens were also assessed using immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining.ResultsSystemic prednisone administration was associated with a lower frequency of eosinophils (p< 0.0001, n = 6) in NPs in both CRSwNP and AERD patients, whereas a decrease in neutrophils (p= 0.0070, n = 6) in NPs was only observed in CRSwNP patients after prednisone treatment. In contrast, steroids do not alter basophil proportions (p= 0.48, n = 6) within NPs from either group. No significant shift in granulocyte subsets after steroid treatment was identified in the adjacent ethmoid mucosa or PBMCs from the same patients. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining supported these findings.ConclusionGranulocyte subpopulations are focally affected within NPs by systemic steroid exposure, without notable granulocyte alterations in the surrounding regional tissues. These data provide direct insights into the cellular effects of routine prednisone exposure in CRS patients, and highlight a unique microenvironment present within NP lesions.
The effect of head position on the distribution of topical nasal medication using the Mucosal Atomization Device: a cadaver study
Authors: Habib Al‐Rahim R. , Thamboo Andrew , Manji Jamil , Dar Santos Rachelle C. , Gan Eng Cern , Anstead Amy , Javer Amin R. 
Published: October 2013

BackgroundThe Mucosal Atomization Device (MAD) distributes medication throughout the paranasal sinuses for patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Determining the optimal head position is important to ensure maximal delivery of medication to the sinus cavities. The objective of this work was to determine the effect of the lying‐head‐back (LHB) and head‐down and forward (HDF) position, on the distribution of topical nasal medication via MAD in cadaver specimens.MethodsTwenty specimens having received complete functional endoscopic sinus dissection were chosen. The MAD was used to administer 2 mL of fluorescein‐impregnated saline solution through the nose in both the LHB and HDF positions. Fluorescein was identified on 11 predetermined anatomical areas using a blue light filter. Three blinded investigators assessed endoscopic images to determine the presence of fluorescein.ResultsA total of 440 anatomical locations (n = 20 cadavers) received administration of the fluorescein nasal spray in the LHB or HDF position. LHB position had significantly greater total distribution to all pertinent anatomical sites than the HDF position (76% vs 41%; p < 0.001; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.26–0.44). The proportion of staining was significantly greater for the ethmoid (p = 0.11; 95% CI, 0.05–0.66), frontal (p < 0.01; 95% CI, 0.20–0.80), and sphenoid sinuses (p = 0.03; 95% CI, 0.07–0.73) when compared to the HDF position.ConclusionA greater distribution of medication to the sinonasal cavities was observed in the LHB position compared to the HDF position. These areas are of particular clinical relevance in postsurgical patients with refractory CRS.
C‐C‐Fragmentierung: Herkunft und jüngste Anwendungen
Authors: Drahl Michael A. , Manpadi Madhuri , Williams Lawrence J. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractSechzig Jahre sind vergangen, seit Eschenmoser und Frey den Archetyp der C‐C‐Fragmentierung beschrieben. Rasch folgten neue Fragmentierungen und mehrere Varianten des Originals. Viele dieser Variationen, einschließlich der Beckmann‐, Grob‐, Wharton‐, Marshall‐ und der Eschenmoser‐Tanabe‐Fragmentierungen, sowie weiteren, wurden im Laufe der Jahre in Übersichten besprochen, eine genaue Untersuchung des Ursprungs von Fragmentierungen steht aber noch aus. Vor kurzem tauchten neue nützliche Methoden auf, insbesondere Fragmentierungen, die zu Alkinen und Allenen führen, und solche Reaktionen wurden auf eine Reihe an komplexen Leitmotiven und Naturstoffe angewendet. Dieser Aufsatz verfolgt die Entwicklung der Fragmentierungen und bietet eine Zusammenfassung der Methoden, Anwendungen und neue Einblicke in heterolytische C‐C‐Fragmentierungen der letzten zwanzig Jahre.
Porous crystals as active catalysts for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates
Authors: Zhu Minqi , Carreon Moises A. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTThe utilization of CO2 as a renewable raw material for the production of chemicals is an area of great societal importance. In particular, the catalytic conversion of CO2 into cyclic carbonates, which are useful chemical intermediates used for the production of plastics and organic solvents, represents an appealing approach for the efficient use of CO2. Microporous crystals, such as zeolites and metal organic frameworks, and ordered mesoporous phases have emerged as novel porous materials that combine highly desirable properties, such as uniform pores on the microscale and mesoscale, high surface areas, flexible chemistries, and exceptional thermal and chemical stability; this makes them ideal candidates for catalytic applications. In this review, representative examples demonstrating the catalytic ability of these porous materials for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates from CO2 are presented. The fundamental structure/catalysis relationships of these porous phases in the conversion of CO2 into cyclic carbonates are discussed. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2014, 131, 39738.
Properties of waterborne polyurethane‐fluorinated marine coatings: The effect of different types of diisocyanates and tetrafluorobutanediol chain extender content
Authors: Rahman Mohammad Mizanur , Lee Inwon , Chun Ho‐Hwan , Kim Han Do , Park Hyun 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTThree series of waterborne polyurethane‐ (WBPU) fluorinated coatings were prepared with single aliphatic (4,4′‐dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate, H12MDI), aromatic (4,4′‐diphenylmethane, MDI) and a mixture of aliphatic and aromatic diisocyanates (1 : 1). Different contents of 2,2,3,3‐tetrafluoro1,4‐butanediol (TFBD) as a chain extender were used in the WBPU coatings. The fluoro‐enriched surface of the WBPU coatings was obtained with a combination of a high TFBD content (8.77 mol %) as well as the aliphatic or mixed diisocyanates. The tensile strength, Young's modulus, elongation at break (%) and adhesive strength were characterized with respect to the TFBD contents. The mechanical strength and adhesive strength increased with increasing TFBD content in the three series. In artificial salt water, the maximum adhesive strength of WBPU was observed for this coating, which was achieved by TFBD bonded H12MDI of mixed diisocyanates with a higher TFBD content (8.77 mol %). © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39905.
Thermoelectric performance of electrodeposited nanostructured polyaniline doped with sulfo‐salicylic acid
Authors: Chatterjee Krishanu , Mitra Mousumi , Ganguly Saibal , Kargupta Kajari , Banerjee Dipali 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTConducting polymers, in present days, are considered to be potential thermoelectric (TE) materials. Among them polyaniline (PANI) is a promising candidate. Nanostructured polyaniline doped with organic dopant is electrodeposited and structurally characterized. Its transport properties are investigated for thermoelectric applications. The analysis of transmission electron microscopy image reveals that the sample is rod like nanostructure. This study shows that the type (inorganic/organic) of dopants plays an important role to influence the dimension of nanostructure and the electrical transport properties of PANI. In this study, organic dopant sulfosalicylic acid is proposed for enhancement of figure of merit through an increase in thermoelectric power and decrease in thermal conductivity. Compared to our earlier work the figure of merit evaluated is two orders higher than that of the inorganic dopant bismuth nitrate doped PANI. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39920.
Geophysical–Geochemical Reconstruction of Ancient Population Size – the Early Bronze Age Settlement of Fidvár (Slovakia)
Authors: Nowaczinski Erich , Schukraft Gerd , Rassmann Knut , Hecht Stefan , Texier Fabienne , Eitel Bernhard , Bubenzer Olaf 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTPopulation estimates are a vital backdrop to our understanding of ancient societies' socio‐economic structures and development. In order to facilitate such an informational mise en scène in terms of the early Bronze Age settlement of Fidvár in southwestern Slovakia, a new geophysical–geochemical approach is presented here, the first results of which are very promising. The crux of the new methodology utilizes the population's chemical fingerprint in relation to total anthropogenic phosphorus input as a proxy for different population models. These methods suggest an early Bronze Age population of 300–600 individuals, in accordance with the comparative analysis of a magnetic survey, and also matches initial archaeological estimates. Further methodological adjustments suggest an even higher population of up to 1000 inhabitants. In light of these figures, it is likely that Fidvár was one of the centres of the early Bronze Age socio‐economic system of the northern Pannonian Basin. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.