bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neural Coding of Perceived Odor Intensity
Authors: Sirotin Yevgeniy B. , Shusterman Roman , Rinberg Dmitry 
Published: November 2015

AbstractStimulus intensity is a fundamental perceptual feature in all sensory systems. In olfaction, perceived odor intensity depends on at least two variables: odor concentration; and duration of the odor exposure or adaptation. To examine how neural activity at early stages of the olfactory system represents features relevant to intensity perception, we studied the responses of mitral/tufted cells (MTCs) while manipulating odor concentration and exposure duration. Temporal profiles of MTC responses to odors changed both as a function of concentration and with adaptation. However, despite the complexity of these responses, adaptation and concentration dependencies behaved similarly. These similarities were visualized by principal component analysis of average population responses and were quantified by discriminant analysis in a trial-by-trial manner. The qualitative functional dependencies of neuronal responses paralleled psychophysics results in humans. We suggest that temporal patterns of MTC responses in the olfactory bulb contribute to an internal perceptual variable: odor intensity.
From Sputnik to Spaceship Earth: American Catholics and the Space Age
Authors: Osborne Catherine R. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
This essay considers American Catholics who, from the late 1950s to the early 1970s, reflected seriously on the religious significance of technology in general, and space science in particular. American Catholics, while no more immune from the belief that space science would create fundamental changes in human life than their Protestant, Jewish, and secular counterparts, nevertheless sought to understand the Space Age in their own distinctive terms. Catholic discussion of these issues revolved around the contributions of two theologians. From the earliest moments of the Space Age, Thomas Aquinas provided a justification for the work of Catholic scientists and astronauts within a Cold War framework. However, Pierre Teilhard de Chardin's cosmic vision helped American Catholics integrate feelings of wonder and hope with darkly realistic fears about the military consequences of the space race. Thomas and Teilhard, fundamentally optimists, helped Catholics elaborate a vision of a way forward through the very real threats Americans confronted in the “long 1960s,” a vision they developed in books, articles, and speeches, but also in art, liturgy, and fiction. Ultimately, however, both extreme hopes about cosmic unification and extreme fears about total annihilation modulated, and like their fellow Americans interested in space flight during the 1960s, American Catholics turned in the early 1970s to a renewed focus on the Earth.
Beyond Parish Boundaries: Black Catholics and the Quest for Racial Justice
Authors: Johnson Karen J. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
According to most historians, the majority of northern urban Catholics before Vatican II (1962–1965) were ensconced in their parish boundaries, viewing their existence through the lens of the parish and focusing the majority of their attention on matters within their particular geographic location. As African Americans moved north during the Great Migration (1910s–1960s) and the racial dynamics of cities changed, some black Catholics began to organize for what they called “interracial justice,” a term that reflected their belief that black equality would benefit African Americans and whites. This article argues that the parish boundaries paradigm for understanding Catholicism prior to the reforms of Vatican II fails to account for the efforts of black Catholics working for interracial justice. This article considers four ways black Catholic interracialists moved beyond their parish boundaries: (a) the national networks they cultivated with white priests; (b) the theological doctrine of the Mystical Body of Christ they used to support their work; (c) the local relationships they developed with non-Catholics; and (d) the connections they made with young white Catholics. By advancing this argument, this essay highlights the relationship between race and religion—both how the institutional Catholic church reinforced racial hierarchies and how black Catholics leveraged their faith to tear them down. Finally, this article reorients the history of Catholic interracialism by focusing on black laypeople and connects two bodies of literature that rarely comment on one another: that of Catholicism and the long civil rights movement.
Spindle Assembly and Chromosome Segregation Requires Central Spindle Proteins inDrosophilaOocytes
Authors: Das Arunika , Shah Shital J , Fan Bensen , Paik Daniel , DiSanto Daniel J , Hinman Anna Maria , Cesario Jeffry M , Battaglia Rachel A , Demos Nicole , McKim Kim S 
Published: November 2015

AbstractOocytes segregate chromosomes in the absence of centrosomes. In this situation, the chromosomes direct spindle assembly. It is still unclear in this system which factors are required for homologous chromosome bi-orientation and spindle assembly. The Drosophila kinesin-6 protein Subito, although nonessential for mitotic spindle assembly, is required to organize a bipolar meiotic spindle and chromosome bi-orientation in oocytes. Along with the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC), Subito is an important part of the metaphase I central spindle. In this study we have conducted genetic screens to identify genes that interact with subito or the CPC component Incenp. In addition, the meiotic mutant phenotype for some of the genes identified in these screens were characterized. We show, in part through the use of a heat-shock-inducible system, that the Centralspindlin component RacGAP50C and downstream regulators of cytokinesis Rho1, Sticky, and RhoGEF2 are required for homologous chromosome bi-orientation in metaphase I oocytes. This suggests a novel function for proteins normally involved in mitotic cell division in the regulation of microtubule–chromosome interactions. We also show that the kinetochore protein, Polo kinase, is required for maintaining chromosome alignment and spindle organization in metaphase I oocytes. In combination our results support a model where the meiotic central spindle and associated proteins are essential for acentrosomal chromosome segregation.
The Effects of Applying the Vocal Performance Teaching Method on the Social-Emotional Competencies (SEC) of Children in Early Education/Efekti primjene metodičkog pristupa izvođenja glazbe pjevanjem na socioemocionalne kompetencije (SEK) učenika mlađeg šk
Authors: Jeremić Biljana , Šimonji-Černak . Ruženka , Markov Zagorka , Pantić Jelena 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe authors of this study investigate the effects of applying the vocal performance teaching method on the social-emotional competencies (SEC) of second-grade pupils in elementary education. The study included a total of 89 pupils from Sombor and Kikinda, Serbia. The method of experimenting with parallel groups using initial and final tests was applied. A scale for the assessment of SEC and two-way mixed ANOVA were used to process the data. The experimental group (n=44) was subjected to the teaching method of learning songs by ear carried out by the music teacher, while the control group (n=45) learned the songs by ear based on the traditional model carried out by the class teacher for a period of one school year. The results showed significant differences in the level of SEC of students of the experimental group. By increasing the capacity for empathy, expression of pleasant emotions, better treatment of marginalized groups, collaboration with other students, the experimental teaching method has also encouraged the direction of the teaching process towards the goals, outcomes and effects, and not towards the adoption of ready-made knowledge.Key words: emotions; singing; teacher as a performer; teaching of Music Education. --- SažetakU ovoj studiji autori istražuju efekte primjene metodičkog pristupa prilikom izvođenja glazbe pjevanjem na socioemocionalne kompetencije učenika drugog razreda osnovne škole. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo ukupno 89 učenika iz Sombora i Kikinde u Srbiji. Primijenjena je metoda eksperimenta s paralelnim skupinama s inicijalnim i finalnim testom. Skala provjere socioemocionalnih kompetencija i generalni linearni model korišteni su za obrađivanje podataka. Eksperimentalna skupina (n-44) bila je podvrgnuta modelu metodičkog pristupa učenja pjesme po sluhu od profesora glazbene kulture), a kontrolna je skupina (n-45) učila pjesmu po sluhu prema tradicionalnom modelu od učitelja, u trajanju od jedne školske godine. Rezultati pokazuju signifikantne razlike u pogledu razine socioemocionalnih kompetencija učenika eksperimentalne skupine. Eksperimentalni metodički pristup je povećanjem sposobnosti empatije, izražavanja ugodnih emocija, boljeg odnosa prema marginaliziranim skupinama, suradnju s drugim učenicima također potaknuo usmjeravanje nastavnog procesa na ciljeve, ishode i efekte, a ne na usvajanje gotovih znanja. Ključne riječi: emocije, nastava glazbene kulture, nastavnik – realizator, pjevanje.
Identifying the Features of ”Aesthetic Flow Experience Activities” in the Kindergarten and the First Years of Primary School Education/Utvrđivanje karakteristika estetskih aktivnosti zanesenosti u vrtiću i prvom razredu osnovne škole
Authors: Sotiropoulou-Zormpala Marina , Argyriadi Agathi 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe aim of this paper was to outline school activities which, when used, would encourage students to actively engage in the teaching process. The theoretical underpinnings of the activities included two approaches: the theory of flow, and that of aesthetic experience. These two fields were chosen as a fertile area for identifying situations in which individuals voluntarily engage in a process from which they derive meaningful experiences. More particularly, studies providing information on using flow and aesthetic activities in school were considered here. Then, by combining flow and aesthetic activities for school, a list of qualities was compiled to make up what could be called “aesthetic flow activities for school”. Finally, indicative examples of such activities were provided for preschool children and children in the first grade of primary school. Key words: aesthetics; arts; education; flow. ---SažetakCilj je ovog rada istaknuti aktivnosti koje će, kada se koriste u školi, potaknuti učenike na aktivno sudjelovanje u nastavnom procesu. Temelje se na dvjema teorijama - zanesenosti i estetskog iskustva. One su odabrane kao plodno tlo za otkrivanje situacija u kojima pojedinci dragovoljno sudjeluju u jednom procesu u kojem stječu smislena iskustva. Specifično gledano, razmatrana su istraživanja s pomoću kojih se dolazi do podataka o primjeni aktivnosti zanesenosti i estetskih aktivnosti u školi. Zatim se, kombiniranjem karakteristika obiju vrsta aktivnosti, predlažu zajedničke karakteristike onoga što bi se moglo nazvati estetskim aktivnostima zanesenosti za školu“. Na kraju se navode indikativni primjeri aktivnosti namijenjenih predškolskoj djeci i učenicima prvog razreda osnovne škole. Ključne riječi: edukacija; estetika; umjetnost; zanesenost.
The Effect of Logical Thinking Ability and Gender on Science Achievements and Attitudes towards Science/Učinak sposobnosti logičkog mišljenja i spola na uspjeh u prirodoslovlju i stavove o njemu
Authors: Sadi Ozlem , Cakıroglu Jale 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of logical thinking ability and gender on students’ science achievements and attitudes towards science. Test of Logical Thinking (TOLT), Attitude towards Science Scale, and Sense Organs Achievement Test were administered to 72 elementary school students to determine their logical thinking abilities, attitudes towards science and achievement, respectively. The two-way Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) results revealed no statistically significant mean difference between the boys and girls with respect to their achievements and attitudes towards science. Moreover, logical thinking ability had a significant effect on their achievements in science; however, there was no statistically significant logical thinking ability difference with respect to their attitudes towards science.Key words: attitude towards science; logical thinking ability; science achievement; sense organs.---SažetakCilj je ovog istraživanja bio utvrditi učinak sposobnosti logičkog mišljenja i spola na učenički uspjeh u prirodoslovlju i stavove o njemu. Test logičkog mišljenja (TLM), skala sa stavovima o prirodoslovlju i test o osjetilnim organima primijenjeni su na 72 učenika osnovne škole da bi se odredila njihova sposobnost logičkog mišljenja, stavovi o prirodoslovlju i uspjeh. Rezultati dvosmjerne multivarijantne analize varijance (MANOVA) nisu pokazali statistički značajnu razliku između srednje vrijednosti dječaka i djevojčica s obzirom na uspjeh i stavove o prirodoslovlju. Sposobnost logičkog mišljenja imala je značajan učinak na njihov uspjeh u prirodoslovlju. Međutim, nije pronađena statistički značajna razlika u sposobnosti logičkog mišljenja s obzirom na stavove o prirodoslovlju. Ključne riječi: osjetilni organi; stavovi o prirodoslovlju; sposobnost logičkog mišljenja; uspjeh u prirodoslovlju.
Alternatives to Randomized Control Trials: A Review of Three Quasi-experimental Designs for Causal Inference
Authors: Gorrall Brittany , Curtis Jacob , Little Todd , Panko Pavel 
Published: November 2015

<p><span>Los diseños de Pruebas Controladas Aleatorizadas (PCA) son típicamente vistas como el mejor diseño en la investigación en psicología. Como tal, no es siempre posible cumplir con las especificaciones de las PCA y por ello muchos estudios son realizados en un marco cuasi experimental. Aunque los diseños cuasi experimentales son considerados menos convenientes que los diseños PCA, con directrices estos pueden producir inferencias igualmente válidas. En este artículo presentamos tres diseños cuasi experimentales que son formas alternativas a los diseños PCA. Estos diseños son Regresión de Punto de Desplazamiento (RPD), Regresión Discontinua (RD), Pareamiento por Puntaje de Propensión (PPP). Adicionalmente, describimos varias mejorías metodológicas para usar con este tipo de diseños. </span></p>
Modelos Rasch: ¿cuán (in-)coherentemente son presentados y utilizados?
Authors: San Martin Gutiérrez Ernesto Javier 
Published: November 2015

<p>El modelo Rasch es ampliamente usado para el análisis de datos educacionales. En la práctica, se reportan los estimadores de la dificultad de los ítemes, y los estimadores de las habilidades de los individuos. Sin embargo, nunca se explicita qué significado tiene el término “dificultad”, y cuál el término “habilidad”. Los significados de estos términos no dependen de las estimaciones; al contrario, estas últimas han de interpretarse en función del significado de los primeros. En este trabajo se muestra que el significado de las nociones de “dificultad” y “habilidad” dependen de la forma en que el modelo Rasch se especifica. En la literatura psicométrica hay dos maneras de especificar dicho modelo: una que solo se limita a modelar los observables; la otra, que además de los observables, modela no-observables. La primera forma de especificación se debe al mismo Rasch, mientras que la segunda fue desarrollada por Lord. </p>
Análisis de un test de desempeño en expresión escrita mediante el modelo de MFRM
Authors: Prieto Adánez Gerardo 
Published: November 2015

<p>Este trabajo muestra la utilidad de un modelo de Rasch (Many-Facet Rasch Measurement, MFRM) para medir la competencia de los examinados, la severidad de los calificadores, la dificultad de las tareas y de las variables puntuadas en las pruebas de respuesta construida que se suelen emplear para evaluar el desempeño. Inicialmente se describe el modelo y sus estadísticos básicos. Finalmente se presenta un ejemplo ilustrativo en el que se analizan, mediante el programa FACETS, las fuentes de la variabilidad de las calificaciones de los estudiantes en un test de expresión escrita. Los resultados muestran que el procedimiento es útil para detectar a los calificadores que presentan valores extremos en la variable severidad/benignidad y para obtener calificaciones objetivas de los examinados (libres de la severidad del calificador).</p>
Rescatando al sujeto: Una perspectiva budista sobre los estudios de la conciencia
Authors: Masís Iverson Katherine 
Published: November 2015

Este ensayo destaca la importancia del sujeto en los estudios de la conciencia. Inicia con el “problema duro” del nexo psicofísico según David Chalmers, Thomas Nagel y Colin McGinn. Luego se exponen el materialismo y el dualismo en contraste con la ontología budista, seguido de una breve descripción de la neurofenomenología de Francisco Varela. Finalmente, se presenta la meditación budista como método introspectivo válido que reivindica el papel del sujeto en los estudios sobre la conciencia.
Preventive anti-CD2 treatment does not impair parasite control in a murine toxoplasmosis model
Authors: Erben U. , Pawlowski N. N. , Heimesaat M. M. , Loddenkemper C. , Doerfel K. , Spieckermann S. , Siegmund B. , Kühl A. A. 
Published: November 2015

Targeting human CD2 with the monoclonal antibody (mAb) CB.219 reduces intestinal inflammation in a colitis model where T cells carry human CD2. Here, we asked whether this mAb has adverse effects on infection control.
Mice expressing human CD2 on T cells (huCD2tg) were orally infected with Toxoplasma (T.) gondii and treated with the human CD2-specific mAb CB.219 in a preventive setting. The intestinal T. gondii loads in CB.219 treated mice did not differ from the control group. Histologically, huCD2tg mice showed moderate ileal inflammation that did not change with CB.219 treatment. In the ileum, CB.219 treatment reduced the protein levels of interferon-γ, transforming growth factor β and interleukin-6, whereas interleukin- 18 mRNA was slightly increased. The infiltration of neutrophils, macrophages, and T cells into the ileum was unaffected by CB.219 treatment. However, CB.219 treatment decreased the numbers of forkhead box P3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) in ileum and liver of huCD2tg mice. This was confirmed in vitro using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
Taken together, targeting CD2+ T cells by the human CD2 mAb CB.219 does not prevent beneficial immune reactions necessary for pathogen control. Further experiments will address gut specificity, underlying mechanisms, and general applicability of CB.219 treatment.
Activities of Kindergartens – Schools of Lithuania: External Assessment 2007 to 2011
Authors: Simanavičienė Loreta , Survutaitė Dalia 
Published: November 2015

As Lithuania is getting integrated into the European education dimension, the quality of education activities becomes of utmost importance. The quality of education activities in the countries of the European Union is considered to be the main priority of their education policy. The issues of quality and efficiency of education and general secondary school activities is becoming topical, and the problem of performance quality assessment arises. The kindergartens-schools of Lithuania follow the quality assessment provisions established by the National School Assessment Agency. The external assessment of performance reveals the quality of activities of kindergartens - schools, their ability to change, develop and seek solutions. The present study is the first scientific contribution towards further analysis of the kindergartens-schools performance quality.
When analyzing the national assessment results of the Lithuanian kindergartens – schools performance assessed during 2007–2011 it has been established that the performance quality as to the spheres and themes was evaluated to be of the 2nd level (not bad). The analysis of strengths (+10) showed that the most often specified (eight kindergartens-schools) strengths were the cozy environment (1.3.3), and the least noted strengths (in three institutions) were grading in the teaching / learning process (2.6), grading as cognition and information (2.6.3) and personnel management (5.4). Analysis of the performance aspects to-be-further-improved (–5) showed that the most occurring recommendation (seven kindergartens-schools) for further development was the differentiation of teaching / learning (2.5.2), and the least occurring (four kindergartens - schools) – further improvement of homework system (2.3.5), grading process (5.2.1), grading in teaching / learning process (2.6), and teaching of learning skills (2.4.2).
The analysis of the Lithuanian kindergartens-schools assessed during 2007–2011 heads’ attitude towards external assessment revealed that the heads of eleven assessed kindergartens - schools found the external audit to be beneficial to them and confirmed that to their opinion the external audit conducted in the institutions under them had positive effect on the institution community and that they were satisfied with the external audit carried out by the National School Assessment Agency.
Didácticas para la formación en investigación contable: una discusión crítica de las prácticas de enseñanza
Authors: Muñoz López Sandra Milena , Ruiz Rojas Gustavo Alberto , Sarmiento Ramírez Héctor José 
Published: November 2015

<p>El presente artículo indaga sobre la forma en que se enseña la investigación en los programas de Contaduría Pública de Medellín. El método seguido en el estudio corresponde a un diseño combinado entre explicativo e interpretativo, que acudió a las fuentes primarias al consultar la experiencia de los profesores. Los resultados se dividen en tres grandes apartados: el primero expone la forma en que la investigación aparece en el currículo, el segundo analiza las experiencias aportadas por los profesores y el tercero discute el sentido que se halla en tales experiencias.</p>
Reestructuración sectorial en el Putumayo: una dinámica de “tres velocidades”
Authors: Burbano Valencia Enrique Javier 
Published: November 2015

<p>Entre 2000 y 2011 el departamento colombiano del Putumayo vivió una rápida restructuración sectorial incentivada por el aumento en la producción de hidrocarburos y paralela a una contracción notable del sector agropecuario. Este patrón de “triple velocidad” de la economía –similar al que nacionalmente impulsó el “boom petrolero” – generó una mayor dependencia económica de los recursos naturales y reprodujo allí el modelo tradicional de “estado extractivo”. El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar este fenómeno y determinar cómo lo afectaron algunos factores exógenos como los cambios en las reglas del negocio petrolero –después de 2004– y la seguridad interna. Para esto, se calcularon índices de localización, especialización y concentración sectorial y luego con ellos se estimaron dinámicas departamentales de convergencia absoluta, condicional y por clubes, tratando de observar la posición del Putumayo frente a otras regiones. El resultado principal muestra que el Putumayo continúa presentando un patrón de “estado extractivo”.</p>
Hábitos y habitus en la transformación cultural: estudio de una organización del sector energético
Authors: Higuita López Daimer 
Published: November 2015

<p>Con base en el trabajo empírico desarrollado en una organización del sector energético y en las nociones de hábito en Geoffrey Hodgson y de habitus en Pierre Bourdieu, el presente artículo parte de la pregunta: ¿cuál es el rol que juegan los habitus de los trabajadores en la formación de hábitos que reflejan una transformación de la cultura organizacional? En esa dirección, se discute la afinidad entre los habitus de los trabajadores y la gestión cultural, como factor que potencia las disposiciones de estos y que contribuye con la formación de hábitos. Asimismo se trazan algunos elementos que participan en la configuración de hábitos que se constituyen en rasgos culturales en la organización.</p>