bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epstein‐Barr virus frequency in primary central nervous system lymphomas in Turkey
Authors: Saglam Arzu , Akyurek Nalan , Soylemezoglu Figen , Uner Aysegul 
Published: August 2012

Primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphomas are rare neoplasms which are usually not associated with Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) in immunocompetent patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of EBV in primary CNS lymphomas in the Turkish population. Thirty‐two primary CNS lymphomas diagnosed according to the WHO 2008 criteria were included in this study. The presence of EBV small ribonucleic acids was investigated by in situ hybridization using EBV encoded small RNA oligonucleotides. The expression of CD10, Bcl‐6, MUM‐1/IRF‐4, Bcl‐2, and Ki‐67 were evaluated using immunohistochemistry. The patient cohort included 20 male patients and 12 female patients with a median age of 53.5 years (range 13–75). Seven (22%) of cases were classified as germinal center (GC) and 25 (78%) cases as non‐GC phenotype according to the Hans criteria. Twenty‐six (81%) of the cases showed strong Bcl‐2 expression and the median Ki‐67 index was 78%. EBV expression was observed in four primary CNS lymphoma cases (12.5%). Most primary CNS lymphomas show non‐GC phenotype with high Bcl‐2 expression and high proliferative rate. The incidence of EBV in primary CNS lymphomas from Turkey appears to be higher than that observed in the Western countries.
Subtype specificity interaction of bactridines with mammalian, insect and bacterial sodium channels under voltage clamp conditions
Authors: Peigneur Steve , Sevcik Carlos , Tytgat Jan , Castillo Cecilia , D'Suze Gina 
Published: August 2012

The present work demonstrates that bactridines (Bacts) possess different selectivities for neuronal and muscular voltage‐dependent sodium (NaV) channels, with subtle differences on channel isoforms. Bacts 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 (100 nm) reduced the peak current of several skeletal and neuronal channel isoforms selectively. Bacts 2 and 3 were more potent on NaV1.4, Bacts 4 and 6 on NaV1.3 and Bact 5 on NaV1.7. Bactridines (except Bacts 1 and 5) caused a hyperpolarizing shift in the V1/2 of activation and inactivation of NaV1.3, NaV1.4 and NaV1.6. Voltage shifts of Boltzmann curves fitted to activation and inactivation occurred with a decrease in κ. Since the slope is proportional to κ = RT/zF, changes in κ probably express changes in z, the valence, in a voltage‐dependent manner. Changes in z may express toxin‐induced changes in the channel ionic environment, perhaps due to surface charges of the molecules. Bact 2 induced a NaV1.2 voltage shift of the activation curves but no shift of the mutant NaV1.2 IFM/QQQ; peak INa was reduced in both channel forms, suggesting that channel blockage resulted from toxin binding to a site partially distinct from the α subunit binding site 4. Bactridines emerge as potential research tools to understand sodium channel isoform structure–function relationships and also as pharmacologically interesting peptides.
The carbon footprint of Australian ambulance operations
Authors: Brown Lawrence H , Canyon Deon V , Buettner Petra G , Crawford J Mac , Judd Jenni ,   Australian Ambulance Services Emissions Study Group
Published: August 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the greenhouse gas emissions associated with the energy consumption of Australian ambulance operations, and to identify the predominant energy sources that contribute to those emissions.MethodsA two‐phase study of operational and financial data from a convenience sample of Australian ambulance operations to inventory their energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions for 1 year. State‐ and territory‐based ambulance systems serving 58% of Australia's population and performing 59% of Australia's ambulance responses provided data for the study.ResultsEmissions for the participating systems totalled 67 390 metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalents. For ground ambulance operations, emissions averaged 22 kg of carbon dioxide equivalents per ambulance response, 30 kg of carbon dioxide equivalents per patient transport and 3 kg of carbon dioxide equivalents per capita. Vehicle fuels accounted for 58% of the emissions from ground ambulance operations, with the remainder primarily attributable to electricity consumption. Emissions from air ambulance transport were nearly 200 times those for ground ambulance transport.ConclusionOn a national level, emissions from Australian ambulance operations are estimated to be between 110 000 and 120 000 tons of carbon dioxide equivalents each year. Vehicle fuels are the primary source of emissions for ground ambulance operations. Emissions from air ambulance transport are substantially higher than those for ground ambulance transport.
Earthquake‐related crush fractures and non‐earthquake‐related fractures of the extremities: A comparative radiological study
Authors: Chen Tian‐Wu , Yang Zhi‐Gang , Dong Zhi‐Hui , Tang Si‐Shi , Chu Zhi‐Gang , Shao Heng , Deng Wen , Chen Jing 
Published: August 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the features that differentiate earthquake‐related crush extremity fractures from non‐earthquake‐related extremity fractures by using digital radiography (DR) and multidetector row computed tomography (MDCT).MethodsSix hundred and twenty‐three consecutive victims with crush extremity fractures arising from the 2008 Sichuan earthquake, including 611 undergoing DR and 12 undergoing MDCT, entered the test group, and 316 consecutive victims with non‐earthquake‐related extremity fractures, including 301 undergoing DR and 15 undergoing MDCT, were enrolled in the control group. Image data were reviewed retrospectively and statistically between groups focusing on the anatomic distributions, numbers and types of extremity fractures.ResultsFractures involving multiple extremities were more likely in the test group than the control group (88/623 vs 27/316 victims, P < 0.05). Fractures involving multiple bones (336/623 vs 112/316 victims) and comminuted fractures (324/623 vs 78/316 victims) were seen more frequently in the test group than the control group with both occurring predominantly in the tibia and fibula (all P < 0.05).ConclusionEarthquake‐related crush fractures of extremities are more likely than non‐earthquake‐related extremity fractures to involve multiple extremities, multiple bones and to be comminuted. The lower extremities, predominantly the tibia and fibula, are more likely to be involved. This has implications for emergency and disaster planning in earthquake‐prone regions.
Health‐related behaviours and family support and clinical symptoms of BPH: a pilot study from China
Authors: Wang Hongjing , Liang Yuan , Li Yanhua , Cheng Yingsheng , Yin Ping 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTThe aim of the current study was to explore the effect of health‐related behaviours and the support of family members on the clinical symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients, and to provide some clues for the symptoms control of BPH. The data were collected in three hospitals in Hubei Province, China, from June to September 2011. The health‐related behaviours included cigarette smoking, alcohol intake, tea and coffee consumption, and drinking water regularly, and the support of family members included the support from spouse, siblings, and offspring in the previous year. The χ2 test and multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess their effects on the International Prostatic Symptom Score (IPSS). With regard to health‐related behaviours, only coffee consumption (OR = 0·33, 95% CI: 0·11–0·96) and drinking water regularly (OR = 0·44, 95% CI: 0·24–0·81) had significant effects on the IPSS. Although the χ2 test suggested that support from offspring of patients with BPH was statistically significant, after adjusting for potential confounding variables the association was not statistically significant. Although there were some limitations, the current study provides preliminary clues and evidences for the role of coffee intake and regularly drinking water played in the Chinese men with BPH. More in‐depth research is needed to enhance the role of health‐related behaviours and social factors in the clinical practice of BPH.
Adjustment of Children and Youth in Military Families: Toward Developmental Understandings
Authors: Maholmes Valerie 
Published: August 2012

AbstractNearly, 2 million children in the United States live in military families. Throughout all branches of the U.S. military since September 11, 2001, ca 700,000 children have had or currently have a parent deployed to the combat zones of Iraq or Afghanistan. As a result, researchers are paying increasing attention to the effects of military deployment on children and families. These facts and the changing landscape of military service point to the need to empirically examine the impact of parental military deployment on immediate and longer term child adjustment. The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) recently initiated a research program to address these issues. This article draws on attachment and family stress theories as a frame for discussing the effects of parental deployment on child adjustment and family functioning and for outlining the NICHD research priorities. It discusses areas where developmental science can make important contributions as well as challenges for conducting research in military families.
High‐resolution melting analysis: a genotyping tool for population studies on Daphnia
Authors: Kuster C. J. , Von Elert E. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractDetermining genetic variation at the DNA level within and between natural populations is important for understanding the role of natural selection on phenotypic traits, but many techniques of screening for genetic variation are either cost intensive, not sensitive enough or too labour‐ and time‐consuming. Here, we demonstrate high‐resolution melting analysis (HRMA) as a cost‐effective and powerful tool for screening variable target genes in natural populations. HRMA is based on monitoring the melting of PCR amplicons. Owing to saturating concentrations of a dye that binds at high concentrations to double‐stranded DNA, it is possible to genotype high numbers of samples rapidly and accurately. We analysed digestive trypsins of two Daphnia magna populations as an application example for HRMA. One population originated from a pond containing toxic cyanobacteria that possibly produce protease inhibitors and the other from a pond without such cyanobacteria. The hypothesis was that D. magna clones from ponds with cyanobacteria have undergone selection by these inhibitors, which has led to different trypsin alleles. We first sequenced pooled genomic PCR products of trypsins from both populations to identify variable DNA sequences of active trypsins. Second, we screened variable DNA sequences of each D. magna clone from both populations for single nucleotide polymorphisms via HRMA. The HRMA results revealed that both populations exhibited phenotypic differences in the analysed trypsins. Our results indicate that HRMA is a powerful genotyping tool for studying the variation of target genes in response to selection within and between natural Daphnia populations.
Factors associated with early and late failure of dental implants
Authors: Sakka Salah , Baroudi Kusai , Nassani Mohammad Zakaria 
Published: August 2012

AbstractOsseointegration is a good indication of the clinical success of titanium implants referring to the direct anchorage of such implants to the surrounding host bone. Despite the high success rate of endosseous dental implants, they do fail. A lack of primary stability, surgical trauma, and infection seem to be the most important causes of early implant failure. Early signs of infection may be an indication of a much more critical result than if the same complications occur later, because of disturbance of the primary bone healing process. Occlusal overload and periimplantitis seem to be the most important factors associated with late failure. Suboptimal implant design and improper prosthetic constructions are among those risk factors responsible for implant complications and failure. This concise review highlights the main causes associated with early and late implant failure, as thorough knowledge of this unavoidable clinical fact is essential in the field of oral implantology.
Investigation of the effect of ibuprofen on the healing of osseointegrated oral implants
Authors: Sakka Salah , Hanouneh Salah I. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the effect of a 1‐week postoperative course of 600 mg of ibuprofen taken four times a day on marginal bone level around oral implants.Materials and methodsTwenty‐eight patients were allocated to the ibuprofen group (14 patients) or no‐ibuprofen group (14 patients). Overall, 57 implants were inserted, 31 implants in the ibuprofen group and 26 in the no‐ibuprofen group. The primary outcome measure was the change in marginal bone level around oral implants from baseline (2 weeks postplacement) to the 3‐ and 6‐month radiographic examinations. The paralleling technique and a film holder coupled to a beam‐aiming device were used to take the periapical radiographs. Measurement of changes in bone level was made using a viewing box and ×8 magnifier.ResultsThree subjects were withdrawn from the therapy early as they did not complete the dose of ibuprofen (e.g. because of self‐reported stomach upset). The mean marginal mesial bone loss from the baseline was 0.37 mm at the 3‐month and 0.27 mm at the 6‐month follow up for the ibuprofen group, while the corresponding values for the no‐ibuprofen group were 0.15 mm and 0.08 mm. The mean marginal distal bone loss from the baseline was 0.42 mm at the 3‐month and 0.2 mm at the 6‐month follow up for the ibuprofen group, while the corresponding values for the no‐ibuprofen group were 0.08 mm and 0.15mm. There were no significant differences between the ibuprofen and no‐ibuprofen groups when comparing the bone changes.ConclusionAdministration of a short course of systemic ibuprofen for postoperative pain management following implant insertion may not have a significant effect on the marginal bone loss around oral implants in the early healing phase.
The association of age at first start with career length in theAustralianThoroughbred racehorse population
Authors: Velie B. D. , Knight P. K. , Thomson P. C. , Wade C. M. , Hamilton N. A. 
Published: August 2012

SummaryReasons for performing studyStudies ofThoroughbred racing populations have provided evidence of a positive effect on racing careers for horses that commence racing as 2‐year‐olds. Currently, research investigating the presence of this effect in theAustralianThoroughbred racing population is limited.ObjectivesTo investigate the association between age at first start and career length in theAustralianThoroughbred population and estimate the risk of racing retirement for horses racing inAustralia based on age at first start, career earnings, number of starts as a 2‐year‐old and distance raced.MethodsData were collected forThoroughbreds, born on or after 1January 1998, that had raced between 1August 2000 and 22February 2011 inAustralia. AKaplan–Meier survival curve, stratified by age group, was produced for career length. ACox proportional hazard model was fitted to assess factors influencing the risk of retirement from racing. The model included sex, age at first start, career earnings, number of starts as a 2‐year‐old, distance raced and appropriate interaction terms.ResultsThe study population included 117,088 horses. Geldings had significantly (P<0.001) longer careers than females and intact males, and females had significantly (P<0.001) longer careers than intact males. Risk of retirement from racing decreased with a younger age at first start, a higher number of starts as a 2‐year‐old, and a longer average distance raced. For intact males, the risk of retirement from racing increased as earnings increased, while for females and geldings the risk of retirement from racing decreased as earnings increased.Conclusions and potential relevanceThe introduction of youngThoroughbreds to racing appears to have no apparent adverse effects on these horses racing inAustralia. The impact of some risk factors associated with retirement from racing varied between sexes and should be considered when evaluating career outcomes.
Text‐in‐context: a method for extracting findings in mixed‐methods mixed research synthesis studies
Authors: Sandelowski Margarete , Leeman Jennifer , Knafl Kathleen , Crandell Jamie L. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAimOur purpose in this paper is to propose a new method for extracting findings from research reports included in mixed‐methods mixed research synthesis studies.BackgroundInternational initiatives in the domains of systematic review and evidence synthesis have been focused on broadening the conceptualization of evidence, increased methodological inclusiveness and the production of evidence syntheses that will be accessible to and usable by a wider range of consumers. Initiatives in the general mixed‐methods research field have been focused on developing truly integrative approaches to data analysis and interpretation.Data sourceThe data extraction challenges described here were encountered, and the method proposed for addressing these challenges was developed, in the first year of the ongoing (2011–2016) study: Mixed‐Methods Synthesis of Research on Childhood Chronic Conditions and Family.DiscussionTo preserve the text‐in‐context of findings in research reports, we describe a method whereby findings are transformed into portable statements that anchor results to relevant information about sample, source of information, time, comparative reference point, magnitude and significance and study‐specific conceptions of phenomena.Implications for nursingThe data extraction method featured here was developed specifically to accommodate mixed‐methods mixed research synthesis studies conducted in nursing and other health sciences, but reviewers might find it useful in other kinds of research synthesis studies.ConclusionThis data extraction method itself constitutes a type of integration to preserve the methodological context of findings when statements are read individually and in comparison to each other.
Experience of social role strain in Korean women with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Park Hyunjeong , Wenzel Jennifer A. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAimTo expand our understanding of the experience of social role strain in the context of diabetes care among middle‐aged married Korean women with type 2 diabetes.BackgroundDiabetes remains an international concern. There are special challenges experienced by middle‐aged married women who may not prioritize self‐care and disease management. These challenges may be heightened in certain cultures due to traditional female and family roles along with other social norms and values.DesignDescriptive qualitative study.MethodsThis qualitative descriptive study involves in‐depth interviews conducted between January–February 2007 with ten middle‐aged married Korean women purposively selected to represent both higher and lower levels of role strain as measured by the measure of role gratification and strain instrument from the companion study, which was conducted simultaneously.FindingsKorean women in this study reported ‘resentment regarding previous role strain’. This psychosocial burden was heightened by a noted pattern of ‘sacrificing self in favour of others’, which complicated both their personal lives and their ability to take care of themselves physically. Added to this were feelings of guilt related to their diabetes and the requirements of day‐to‐day management expressed as, ‘my diabetes makes me a liability’.ConclusionThe women's role‐strain experience related to their diabetes was intertwined with their past and current daily life. Further explication and interventions to address and manage role strain could potentially improve women's disease management and overall quality of life.
The Role of Scripts in Psychological Maladjustment and Psychotherapy
Authors: Demorest Amy P. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThis article considers the value of script theory for understanding psychological maladjustment and psychotherapy. Scripts are implicit expectations that individuals develop to understand and deal with emotionally significant life experiences. Script theory provides a way to understand the complex patterns of thinking, feeling, and behavior that characterize personal consistency, as well as a way to address personality development and change. As such it is a vital model for understanding both personality and clinical phenomena. The article begins by describing script theory and noting similar models in personality and clinical psychology. It then outlines both idiographic and nomothetic methods for assessing scripts and discusses the strengths and weaknesses of each. A survey of the author's program of research follows, using a nomothetic method to examine the role of interpersonal scripts in psychological maladjustment and psychotherapy. The article concludes by presenting a promising method for future research synthesizing idiographic and nomothetic approaches and raising important questions for future research on the role of scripts in psychological maladjustment and psychotherapy.
Sensitive detection of hepatocellular injury in chronic hepatitis C patients with circulating hepatocyte‐derived microRNA‐122
Authors: van der Meer A. J. , Farid W. R. R. , Sonneveld M. J. , de Ruiter P. E. , Boonstra A. , van Vuuren A. J. , Verheij J. , Hansen B. E. , de Knegt R. J. , van der Laan L. J. W. , Janssen H. L. A. 
Published: August 2012

SummaryAs chronic hepatitis C patients with progressive disease can present themselves with normal ALT levels, more sensitive biomarkers are needed. MicroRNAs are newly discovered small noncoding RNAs that are stable and detectable in the circulation. We aimed to investigate the association between hepatocyte‐derived microRNAs in serum and liver injury in patients with chronic hepatitis C. The hepatocyte‐derived miR‐122 and miR‐192 were analysed in sera of 102 chronic HCV‐infected patients and 24 healthy controls. Serum levels of miR‐122 and miR‐192 correlated strongly with ALT (R = 0.67 and R = 0.65, respectively, P < 0.001 for both). Median levels of miR‐122 and miR‐192 in HCV‐infected patients were 23 times and 8 times higher as in healthy controls (P < 0.001 for both). Even within the HCV‐infected patients with a normal ALT (n = 38), the levels of miR‐122 and miR‐192 were 12 times and 4 times higher compared with healthy controls (P < 0.001 for both). Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that only miR‐122 was a significant predictor of the presence of chronic HCV infection (P = 0.026). Importantly, miR‐122 was also superior in discriminating chronic HCV‐infected patients with a normal ALT from healthy controls compared with the ALT level (AUC = 0.97 vs AUC = 0.78, P = 0.007). In conclusion, our study confirmed that liver injury is associated with high levels of hepatocyte‐derived microRNAs in circulation and demonstrated that in particular miR‐122 is a sensitive marker to distinguish chronic hepatitis C patients from healthy controls. More sensitive blood markers would benefit especially those patients with minor levels of hepatocellular injury, who are not identified by current screening with ALT testing.