bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rare benign tumours of the nipple
Authors: Spyropoulou G.A. , Pavlidis L. , Trakatelli M. , Athanasiou E. , Pazarli E. , Sotiriadis D. , Demiri E. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackgroundBenign lesions of the breast in total are much more frequent than malignant ones. However, there are no epidemiologic data on the prevalence of benign or malignant tumours of the nipple, and the bibliography on benign nipple tumours in general is limited.AimsTo present some rare cases of benign nipple tumours and review the literature.Materials and methodsFour cases of rare benign nipple tumours: neurofibromas, wart, leiomyoma and milium are presented. The literature search on benign nipple tumours was performed using MEDLINE, Pubmed, and Cochrane databases with limits: English language, human species and available abstract. The keyword used was ‘benign nipple tumours’.ResultsThe initial search retrieved 337 articles. The papers were reviewed and the articles that referred to benign lesions that appeared at the nipple specifically were identified. Different entities that were described included: neurofibroma, leiomyoma, milium, florid papillomatosis, syringomatous adenoma, nevoid hyperkeratosis, fibroma, pseudolymphoma and haemangioma.DiscussionDifferential diagnosis of benign tumours of the nipple can be demanding for the physicians. Many of the symptoms and signs like pruritus, serosanguinous discharge, lichenification, erosion and nodular enlargement are produced by either malignant or benign nipple lesions. Radiology can be unclear in the diagnosis of nipple abnormalities.ConclusionHistological examination of the lesion can be the only definite answer in these cases.
Effect of Carriers on Descriptive Sensory Characteristics: A Case Study with Soy Sauce
Authors: Cherdchu Panat , Chambers Edgar 
Published: August 2014

AbstractCarriers sometimes are used for sensory testing when a product has a strong characteristic such as the saltiness in soy sauce, the heat/burn in hot sauce or the oily/greasy character of butter or mayonnaise. However, using a carrier in sensory testing may increase the complexity of perceived characteristics or change sensory attributes. In this study, 20 soy sauce samples were evaluated plain (control) and with three possible carriers: cooked rice, chicken broth and grilled chicken, using descriptive analysis by highly trained sensory assessors. As expected, the addition of a carrier in soy sauce decreased the perceived intensity of many sensory characteristics. Although testing in different food matrices did impact some aspects, overall the use of a carrier did not strongly affect the classification patterns of soy sauce samples. Interestingly, the blandest food, white rice, and the most complex product, grilled chicken, appeared to have some of the greatest impact on sensory properties, while chicken broth, a moderately flavored product, had the most similar results compared with the plain soy sauce control.Practical ApplicationsSome products such as condiments or seasoning ingredients that have strong characteristics may need to be evaluated with a carrier for sensory, and especially, consumer tests. An understanding of the effect of the carrier on perceived sensory characteristics would aid sensory scientists in selecting a proper carrier to be used in a study. It cannot be assumed that the blandest nor most complex carrier will provide the best option.
Comparison of floral properties and breeding system in dimorphicBuddleja delavayi(Scrophulariaceae)
Authors: CHEN Gao , GONG Wei‐Chang , GE Jia , NIU Yang , ZHANG Xin , DUNN Bruce L. , SUN Wei‐Bang 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIn this study, floral color, scent composition and emission rate, nectar property, pollinators, and breeding system of dimorphicBuddleja delavayiGagnep. were investigated. Flower color ofB. delavayiwas determined using a standard color chart and spectrophotometer, and two distinct color polymorphisms were observed having purple or white flowers. Floral scents ofB. delavayiwere collected using dynamic headspace adsorption and identified with coupled gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. In total, 28 compounds were identified from the flowers ofB. delavayi. The identified scents were divided into three chemical classes based on their biosynthetic origin: terpenes, fatty acid derivatives, and benzenoids. The scent profiles in all individuals were dominated by a few components, such as lilac aldehyde and alcohol, 4‐oxoisophorone, benaldehyde, and oxoisophorone oxide. Floral scent composition (benzenoids and terpenes) showed a significant difference between white and purple flower morphs. Flower color–flower scent associations inB. delavayiwere identified with two distinct scent profiles in the two color phenotypes. The studies of other floral characteristics (nectar, floral visitors, breeding system, and fruit set) indicated that floral scent emission rate, nectar volume, visitor visitation frequency, and natural fruit set were not significantly different between the two flower color morphs. Bagging experiments revealed that seed production ofB. delavayiis dependent mainly on honeybeeApis cerana. Lastly, this study implies that dimorphic floral color inB. delavayimay have been maintained by floral visitors and nectar guide color.
Dramatic Enlargement of the Prostate due to Xanthogranulomatous Inflammation
Authors: WOLLIN Daniel A. , BRUCKER Benjamin M. 
Published: August 2014

CaseXanthogranulomatous inflammation of the prostate is a rare condition that can cause lower urinary tract symptoms and may be mistaken for adenocarcinoma. It is often seen on prostate biopsy, but can usually be treated conservatively with temporary catheterization, alpha blockade, and allowing time for improvement. We present a case of a 78‐year‐old man found to have a 318 g prostate secondary to xanthogranulomatous inflammation.OutcomeAfter a negative MRI‐guided biopsy to rule out malignancy, the patient was treated successfully with open suprapubic prostatectomy with significant improvement in voiding symptoms.ConclusionThis case highlights the ability of this clinical and pathologic entity to cause significant prostatic enlargement, how it is diagnosed, and the possible role of surgical therapy in its treatment.
Cosmic ray exposure and pre‐atmospheric size of the Gebel Kamil iron meteorite
Authors: Ott U. , Merchel S. , Herrmann S. , Pavetich S. , Rugel G. , Faestermann T. , Fimiani L. , Gomez‐Guzman J. M. , Hain K. , Korschinek G. , Ludwig P. , D'Orazio M. , Folco L. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractCosmogenic He, Ne, and Ar as well as the radionuclides 10Be, 26Al, 36Cl, 41Ca, 53Mn, and 60Fe have been determined on samples from the Gebel Kamil ungrouped Ni‐rich iron meteorite by noble gas mass spectrometry and accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS), respectively. The meteorite is associated with the Kamil crater in southern Egypt, which is about 45 m in diameter. Samples originate from an individual large fragment (“Individual”) as well as from shrapnel. Concentrations of all cosmogenic nuclides—stable and radioactive—are lower by a factor 3–4 in the shrapnel samples than in the Individual. Assuming negligible 36Cl decay during terrestrial residence (indicated by the young crater age <5000 years; Folco et al. ), data are consistent with a simple exposure history and a 36Cl‐36Ar cosmic ray exposure age (CRE) of approximately (366 ± 18) Ma (systematic errors not included). Both noble gases and radionuclides point to a pre‐atmospheric radius >85 cm, i.e., a pre‐atmospheric mass >20 tons, with a preferred radius of 115–120 cm (50–60 tons). The analyzed samples came from a depth of approximately 20 cm (Individual) and approximately 50–80 cm (shrapnel). The size of the Gebel Kamil meteoroid determined in this work is close to estimates based on impact cratering models combined with expectations for ablation during passage through the atmosphere (Folco et al. , ).
Oxygen isotope and chemical compositions of magnetite and olivine in the anomalous CK3 Watson 002 and ungrouped Asuka‐881595 carbonaceous chondrites: Effects of parent body metamorphism
Authors: Davidson Jemma , Krot Alexander N. , Nagashima Kazuhide , Hellebrand Eric , Lauretta Dante S. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWe report in situ O isotope and chemical compositions of magnetite and olivine in chondrules of the carbonaceous chondrites Watson‐002 (anomalous CK3) and Asuka (A)‐881595 (ungrouped C3). Magnetite in Watson‐002 occurs as inclusion‐free subhedral grains and rounded inclusion‐bearing porous grains replacing Fe,Ni‐metal. In A‐881595, magnetite is almost entirely inclusion‐free and coexists with Ni‐rich sulfide and less abundant Ni‐poor metal. Oxygen isotope compositions of chondrule olivine in both meteorites plot along carbonaceous chondrite anhydrous mineral (CCAM) line with a slope of approximately 1 and show a range of Δ17O values (from approximately −3 to −6‰). One chondrule from each sample was found to contain O isotopically heterogeneous olivine, probably relict grains. Oxygen isotope compositions of magnetite in A‐881595 plot along a mass‐dependent fractionation line with a slope of 0.5 and show a range of Δ17O values from −2.4‰ to −1.1‰. Oxygen isotope compositions of magnetite in Watson‐002 cluster near the CCAM line and a Δ17O value of −4.0‰ to −2.9‰. These observations indicate that magnetite and chondrule olivine are in O isotope disequilibrium, and, therefore, not cogenetic. We infer that magnetite in CK chondrites formed by the oxidation of pre‐existing metal grains by an aqueous fluid during parent body alteration, in agreement with previous studies. The differences in Δ17O values of magnetite between Watson‐002 and A‐881595 can be attributed to their different thermal histories: the former experienced a higher degree of thermal metamorphism that led to the O isotope exchange between magnetite and adjacent silicates.
The Ardón L6 ordinary chondrite: A long‐hidden Spanish meteorite fall
Authors: Trigo‐Rodríguez Josep M. , Llorca Jordi , Weyrauch Mona , Bischoff Addi , Moyano‐Cambero Carles E. , Keil Klaus , Laubenstein Matthias , Pack Andreas , Madiedo José María , Alonso‐Azcárate Jacinto , Riebe My , Wieler Rainer , Ott Uli , Tapia Mar , Mestres Narcís 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWe report and describe an L6 ordinary chondrite fall that occurred in Ardón, León province, Spain (longitude 5.5605°W, latitude 42.4364°N) on July 9th, 1931. The 5.5 g single stone was kept hidden for 83 yr by Rosa González Pérez, at the time an 11 yr old who had observed the fall and had recovered the meteorite. According to various newspaper reports, the event was widely observed in Northern Spain. Ardón is a very well‐preserved, fresh, strongly metamorphosed (petrologic type 6), and weakly shocked (S3) ordinary chondrite with well‐equilibrated and recrystallized minerals. The mineral compositions (olivine Fa23.7±0.3, low‐Ca pyroxene Fs20.4±0.2Wo1.5±0.2, plagioclase An10.3±0.5Ab84.3±1.2), magnetic susceptibility (log χ = 4.95 ± 0.05 × 10−9 m3 kg−1), bulk density (3.49 ± 0.05 g cm−3), grain density (3.58 ± 0.05 g cm−3), and porosity (2.5 vol%) are typical for L6 chondrites. Short‐lived radionuclides confirm that the meteorite constitutes a recent fall. The21Ne and38Ar cosmic ray exposure ages are both about 20–30 Ma, similar to values for many other L chondrites. The cosmogenic22Ne/21Ne ratio indicates that preatmospheric Ardón was a relatively large body. The fact that the meteorite was hidden in private hands for 83 yr makes one wonder if other meteorite falls may have experienced the same fate, thus possibly explaining the anomalously low number of falls reported in continental Spain in the 20th century.
Implant‐assisted complete prostheses
Authors: Emami Elham , Michaud Pierre‐Luc , Sallaleh Imad , Feine Jocelyne S. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe current review was undertaken to obtain a better understanding of the knowledge base of implant‐assisted complete dental prostheses (fixed and removable) in the treatment of the completely edentulous maxilla or mandible. Indications, advantages and disadvantages, complications and maintenance issues, as well as the cost‐effectiveness of both treatments, are discussed to help clinicians in their therapeutic decision‐making. In summary, when indicated and depending on the patients’ needs, both removable and fixed implant‐assisted prostheses are highly safe, reliable and satisfactory treatment modalities for the rehabilitation of edentulous jaws. Careful and precise treatment planning is highly recommended to assist the clinician in preventing potential prosthetic failures. The review also reveals that there is still a need for data, generated using robust research methods, on some patient‐based and clinical outcomes.
Critical soft‐tissue dimensions with dental implants and treatment concepts
Authors: Thoma Daniel S. , Mühlemann Sven , Jung Ronald E. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractDental implants have proven to be a successful treatment option in fully and partially edentulous patients, rendering long‐term functional and esthetic outcomes. Various factors are crucial for predictable long‐term peri‐implant tissue stability, including the biologic width; the papilla height and the mucosal soft‐tissue level; the amounts of soft‐tissue volume and keratinized tissue; and the biotype of the mucosa. The biotype of the mucosa is congenitally set, whereas many other parameters can, to some extent, be influenced by the treatment itself. Clinically, the choice of the dental implant and the position in a vertical and horizontal direction can substantially influence the establishment of the biologic width and subsequently the location of the buccal mucosa and the papilla height. Current treatment concepts predominantly focus on providing optimized peri‐implant soft‐tissue conditions before the start of the prosthetic phase and insertion of the final reconstruction. These include refined surgical techniques and the use of materials from autogenous and xenogenic origins to augment soft‐tissue volume and keratinized tissue around dental implants, thereby mimicking the appearance of natural teeth.
Management of peri‐implant mucositis and peri‐implantitis
Authors: Figuero Elena , Graziani Filippo , Sanz Ignacio , Herrera David , Sanz Mariano 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPeri‐implant diseases are defined as inflammatory lesions of the surrounding peri‐implant tissues and include peri‐implant mucositis (an inflammatory lesion limited to the surrounding mucosa of an implant) and peri‐implantitis (an inflammatory lesion of the mucosa that affects the supporting bone with resulting loss of osseointegration). This review aims to describe the different approaches to manage both entities and to provide a critical evaluation of the evidence available on their efficacy. Therapy of peri‐implant mucositis and nonsurgical therapy of peri‐implantitis usually involve mechanical debridement of the implant surface using curettes, ultrasonic devices, air‐abrasive devices or lasers, with or without the adjunctive use of local antibiotics or antiseptics. The efficacy of these therapies has been demonstrated for mucositis: controlled clinical trials show an improvement in clinical parameters, especially in bleeding on probing. For peri‐implantitis, the results are limited, especially in terms of probing pocket‐depth reduction. Surgical therapy of peri‐implantitis is indicated when nonsurgical therapy fails to control the inflammatory changes. Selection of the surgical technique should be based on the characteristics of the peri‐implant lesion. In the presence of deep circumferential and intrabony defects, surgical interventions should aim to provide thorough debridement, implant‐surface decontamination and defect reconstruction. In the presence of defects without clear bony walls or with a predominant suprabony component, the aim of the surgical intervention should be the thorough debridement and the repositioning of the marginal mucosa to enable the patient to perform effective oral‐hygiene practices, although this aim may compromise the esthetic result of the implant‐supported restoration.
The Identifiability of Dependent Competing Risks Models Induced by Bivariate Frailty Models
Authors: Wang Antai , Chandra Krishnendu , Xu Ruihua , Sun Junfeng 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIn this paper, we propose to use a special class of bivariate frailty models to study dependent censored data. The proposed models are closely linked to Archimedean copula models. We give sufficient conditions for the identifiability of this type of competing risks models. The proposed conditions are derived based on a property shared by Archimedean copula models and satisfied by several well‐known bivariate frailty models. Compared with the models studied by Heckman and Honoré and Abbring and van den Berg, our models are more restrictive but can be identified with a discrete (even finite) covariate. Under our identifiability conditions, expectation–maximization (EM) algorithm provides us with consistent estimates of the unknown parameters. Simulation studies have shown that our estimation procedure works quite well. We fit a dependent censored leukaemia data set using the Clayton copula model and end our paper with some discussions. © 2014 Board of the Foundation of the Scandinavian Journal of Statistics
Triple opportunistic pulmonary cavitary disease after cord blood transplantation
Authors: Kaneko T. , Milner D.A. , Marty F.M. , Colson Y.L. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractOpportunistic infectious diseases in patients are variable and depend on the host as well as the type of immunosuppression. Cord blood transplant recipients appear to be particularly vulnerable to infectious complications. Sequential or concurrent opportunistic infectious diseases can be particularly difficult to manage and have increased mortality. We present a young patient, status post cord blood transplantation for acute myelogenous leukemia, who developed a large pulmonary mass‐like infection with Aspergillus, cytomegalovirus, and Mycobacterium avium complex. Radiological, surgical, and pathological features are described.
A new method for tracking organ motion on diagnostic ultrasound images
Authors: Kubota Yoshiki , Matsumura Akihiko , Fukahori Mai , Minohara Shin‐ichi , Yasuda Shigeo , Nagahashi Hiroshi 
Published: August 2014

Purpose:Respiratory‐gated irradiation is effective in reducing the margins of a target in the case of abdominal organs, such as the liver, that change their position as a result of respiratory motion. However, existing technologies are incapable of directly measuring organ motion in real‐time during radiation beam delivery. Hence, the authors proposed a novel quantitative organ motion tracking method involving the use of diagnostic ultrasound images; it is noninvasive and does not entail radiation exposure. In the present study, the authors have prospectively evaluated this proposed method.Methods:The method involved real‐time processing of clinical ultrasound imaging data rather than organ monitoring; it comprised a three‐dimensional ultrasound device, a respiratory sensing system, and two PCs for data storage and analysis. The study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method by tracking the gallbladder in one subject and a liver vein in another subject. To track a moving target organ, the method involved the control of a region of interest (ROI) that delineated the target. A tracking algorithm was used to control the ROI, and a large number of feature points and an error correction algorithm were used to achieve long‐term tracking of the target. Tracking accuracy was assessed in terms of how well the ROI matched the center of the target.Results:The effectiveness of using a large number of feature points and the error correction algorithm in the proposed method was verified by comparing it with two simple tracking methods. The ROI could capture the center of the target for about 5 min in a cross‐sectional image with changing position. Indeed, using the proposed method, it was possible to accurately track a target with a center deviation of 1.54 ± 0.9 mm. The computing time for one frame image using our proposed method was 8 ms. It is expected that it would be possible to track any soft‐tissue organ or tumor with large deformations and changing cross‐sectional position using this method.Conclusions:The proposed method achieved real‐time processing and continuous tracking of the target organ for about 5 min. It is expected that our method will enable more accurate radiation treatment than is the case using indirect observational methods, such as the respiratory sensor method, because of direct visualization of the tumor. Results show that this tracking system facilitates safe treatment in clinical practice.
Predictive Value of Testing Nasopharyngeal Samples for Respiratory Viruses in the Setting of Lower Respiratory Tract Disease
Authors: Hakki Morgan , Strasfeld Lynne M. , Townes John M. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACT
To determine the predictive value of nasopharyngeal (NP) sample testing for respiratory viruses (RVs) in suspected lower respiratory tract disease, 72 paired NP and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid specimen sets, mostly from transplant recipients or patients with hematologic malignancies, were analyzed. Overall, 31.3% of the specimens tested positive for an RV. In 19 sets (26.4%), the NP and BAL fluid specimens were both positive for an RV; in 3 sets (4.2%), the NP specimens were positive but the BAL fluid specimens were negative; and in 3 other sets, the NP specimens were negative but the BAL fluid specimens were positive. The positive and negative predictive values of the NP specimens were 86.4% and 94%, respectively.
Poor Performance of the Determine HIV-1/2 Ag/Ab Combo Fourth-Generation Rapid Test for Detection of Acute Infections in a National Household Survey in Swaziland
Authors: Duong Yen T. , Mavengere Yvonne , Patel Hetal , Moore Carole , Manjengwa Julius , Sibandze Dumile , Rasberry Christopher , Mlambo Charmaine , Li Zhi , Emel Lynda , Bock Naomi , Moore Jan , Nkambule Rejoice , Justman Jessica , Reed Jason , Bicego George , Ellenberger Dennis L. , Nkengasong John N. , Parekh Bharat S. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTFourth-generation HIV rapid tests (RTs) claim to detect both p24 antigen (Ag) and HIV antibodies (Ab) for early identification of acute infections, important for targeting prevention and reducing HIV transmission. In a nationally representative household survey in Swaziland, 18,172 adults, age 18 to 49 years, received home-based HIV rapid testing in 2010 and 2011. Of the 18,172 individuals, 5,822 (32.0%) were Ab positive (Ab+) by the Determine HIV-1/2 Ab/Ab combo test, and 5,789 (99.4%) of those were confirmed to be reactive in the Uni-Gold test. Determine combo identified 12 individuals as having acute infections (Ag+/Ab negative [Ab−]); however, none had detectable HIV-1 RNA and 8 of 12 remained HIV negative at their 6-week follow-up visit (4 were lost to follow-up). All RT-nonreactive samples were pooled and tested by nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT) to identify acute infections. NAAT identified 13 (0.1%) of the 12,338 HIV antibody-negative specimens as HIV RNA positive, with RNA levels ranging from 300 to >10,000,000 copies/ml. However, none of them were Ag+by Determine combo. Follow-up testing of 12 of the 13 NAAT-positive individuals at 6 months demonstrated 12 seroconversions (1 individual was lost to follow-up). Therefore, the Determine combo test had a sensitivity of 0% (95% confidence interval, 0 to 28) and positive predictive value of 0% for the detection of acute infections. The ability of the 4th-generation Determine combo to detect antigen was very poor in Swaziland. Thus, the Determine combo test does not add any value to the current testing algorithm; rather, it adds additional costs and complexity to HIV diagnosis. The detection of acute HIV infections may need to rely on other testing strategies.