bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reassessing the conservation status of the shrew Crocidura thomensis, endemic to São Tomé Island
Authors: de Lima Ricardo Faustino , Maloney Eden , Simison W. Brian , Drewes Robert 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe shrew Crocidura thomensis is a little-known species endemic to São Tomé Island. We review its distribution, ecology and conservation status based on nine published and 23 new records. The species has a wide distribution across São Tomé, preferring rugged forested areas with high rainfall. The location of new records coincides with that of historical records but the proportion of records in plantations has declined, possibly as a result of agricultural intensification, increased use of pesticides, and presence of exotic species. The shrew is restricted to a single island, its extent of occurrence is < 1,000 km2 and its habitat is declining in extent and quality, and thus its categorization as Endangered on the IUCN Red List remains appropriate. It is important to gain a better knowledge of population trends, ecological preferences and sensitivity to potential threats, but the effective protection of São Tomé Obô Natural Park and surrounding forests is the most important measure to ensure the long-term survival of this mammal.
Sweet voice: The role of voice quality in a Japanese feminine style
Authors: Starr Rebecca L. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract‘Sweet voice’, a distinctive Japanese vocal style, illustrates the role played by voice quality as a marker of authenticity in the construction of linguistic styles. The acoustic properties and sociopragmatic functions of sweet voice, as performed by professional voice actresses, are analyzed using data from anime programs, paraphernalia, and fan discourse. Sweet voice is shown to be connected to a traditional notion of Japanese femininity, and licenses the positive use of grammatical features of Japanese Women's Language. The mature, traditional image conveyed by sweet voice contrasts with the youthful cuteness of burikko and related vocal styles, illustrating that multiple notions of femininity operate within Japanese popular culture. The interplay of voice quality and grammatical features suggests that perceptions of conscious control at different levels of language play a crucial role in social meaning. (Voice quality, Japanese, language and gender, style, authenticity)*
“She does have an accent but…”: Race and language ideology in students' evaluations of mathematics instructors on RateMyProfessors.com
Authors: Subtirelu Nicholas Close 
Published: January 2015

AbstractNonnative English speakers (NNESs) who teach at English-medium institutions in the United States (US) have frequently been the subject of student complaints. Research into language ideologies concerning NNESs in the US suggests that such complaints can be understood as manifestations of a broader project of social exclusion operating, in part, through the ideological construction of the NNES as incomprehensible Other. The present study explores the extent to which such ideological presuppositions and exaggerative performances are observable in students' evaluations of ‘Asian’ mathematics instructors on the website RateMyProfessors.com (RMP). A mixed methodological approach combining statistical analysis of numeric RMP ratings, quantitative corpus linguistic techniques, and critical discourse analysis was employed. Findings confirm the presence of disadvantages related to ‘Asian’ instructors' race and language. However, RMP users' discourse is shown to be less overtly discriminatory and instead to reproduce dominant language ideology in subtle, previously undescribed ways.(Student evaluations, higher education, university teaching, nonnative speakers, second language users, ethnicity, critical discourse analysis, corpus linguistics, formulaic language)*
Inherence is an aspect of psychological essentialism
Authors: Dennehy Tara C. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractInherence is not a distinct construct from psychological essentialism; it is one of several underlying beliefs. I propose that inherence is only one entry point to the perception of an essence and posit that context may influence which aspects of essentialist reasoning precede inferring an essence. I also discuss how psychological essentialism can uniquely account for violations of category-based expectancies.
Why does the “mental shotgun” fire system-justifying bullets?
Authors: Gaucher Danielle , Jost John T. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractWe suggest that people privilege explanations relying on inherent rather than contingent factors not only because of an innate cognitive tendency to monitor reality, but because doing so satisfies the desire to perceive the societal status quo as legitimate. In support, we describe experimental studies linking the activation of system justification motivation to the endorsement of inherence-based (essentialist) explanations.
The inherence heuristic: A basis for psychological essentialism?
Authors: Gelman Susan A. , Meyer Meredith 
Published: January 2015

AbstractCimpian & Salomon (C&S) provide evidence that psychological essentialism rests on a domain-general attention to inherent causes. We suggest that the inherence heuristic may itself be undergirded by a more foundational cognitive bias, namely, a realist assumption about environmental regularities. In contrast, when considering specific representations, people may be more likely to activate attention to non-inherent, contingent, and historical links.
The inherent bias in positing an inherence heuristic
Authors: Khalidi Muhammad Ali , Mugg Joshua 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThere are two problems with Cimpian & Salomon's (C&S's) claim that an innate inherence heuristic is part of our cognitive makeup. First, some of their examples of inherent features do not seem to accord with the authors' own definition of inherence. Second, rather than posit an inherence heuristic to explain why humans rely more heavily on inherent features, it may be more parsimonious to do so on the basis of aspects of the world itself and our relationship to it.
Is it about “pink” or about “girls”? The inherence heuristic across social and nonsocial domains
Authors: Kinzler Katherine D. , Sullivan Kathleen R. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe inherence heuristic provides an intriguing and novel explanation for early thought in a variety of domains. Exploring similarities and differences in inherent reasoning across social and nonsocial domains can help us understand the role that inherent thinking plays in the development of human reasoning and the process by which more elaborate essentialist reasoning develops.
Is the inherence heuristic needed to understand system-justifying tendencies among children?
Authors: Newheiser Anna-Kaisa , Olson Kristina R. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractEvidence that children's system-justifying preferences track the extent of group-based status differences is consistent with the inherence heuristic account. However, evidence that children are inferring inherence per se, or that such inferences are the cause of system-justifying preferences, is missing. We note that, until direct evidence of the inherence heuristic is available, alternative models should not be ignored.
The social aetiology of essentialist beliefs
Authors: O'Connor Cliodhna , Joffe Helene 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis commentary highlights the importance of attending to the sociocultural contexts that foster essentialist ideas. It contends that Cimpian & Salomon's (C&S's) model undervalues the extent to which the development of essentialist beliefs is contingent on social experience. The result is a restriction of the model's applicability to real-world instances of essentialism-fuelled prejudice and discrimination.
Is psychological essentialism an inherent feature of human cognition?
Authors: Olivola Christopher Y. , Machery Edouard 
Published: January 2015

AbstractRecent evidence shows that psychological essentialism is neither a universal nor stable feature of human cognition. The extent to which people report essentialist intuitions varies enormously across cultures and education levels, and is also influenced by subtle, normatively irrelevant contextual manipulations. These results challenge the notion that the human mind is “fitted” with a built-in inherence heuristic that produces essentialist intuitions.
The developmental and evolutionary origins of psychological essentialism lie in sortal object individuation
Authors: Rakoczy Hannes , Cacchione Trix 
Published: January 2015

AbstractCimpian & Salomon (C&S) present promising steps towards understanding the cognitive underpinnings of adult essentialism. However, their approach is less convincing regarding ontogenetic and evolutionary aspects. In contrast to C&S's claim, the so-called inherence heuristic, though perhaps vital in adult reasoning, seems an implausible candidate for the developmental and evolutionary foundations of psychological essentialism. A more plausible candidate is kind-based object individuation that already embodies essentialist modes of thinking and that is present in infants and nonhuman primates.
Generalizing a model beyond the inherence heuristic and applying it to beliefs about objective value
Authors: Wood Graham 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe inherence heuristic is characterized as part of an instantiation of a more general model that describes the interaction between undeveloped intuitions, produced by System 1 heuristics, and developed beliefs, constructed by System 2 reasoning. The general model is described and illustrated by examining another instantiation of the process that constructs belief in objective moral value.
Problems (and solutions) in the measurement of policy diffusion mechanisms
Authors: Maggetti Martino , Gilardi Fabrizio 
Published: January 2015

AbstractA growing literature in public policy, comparative politics and international relations has studied how the policies of one unit (e.g. country, federal state or city) are influenced by the policies of other units – that is, how policies diffuse. This article provides a meta-analysis of 114 studies, demonstrating persisting inconsistencies in the measurement of the mechanisms driving policy diffusion processes. Different indicators are used to measure the same mechanism, and the same indicators are used to measure different mechanisms. To improve this state of affairs, this article puts forward a conceptual structure that serves as a guide for the application of diffusion arguments, a starting point for theoretical refinement and a benchmark to assess measurement validity. In addition to paying more attention to the conceptual consistency of indicators, overcoming the problems currently found in the literature requires the construction of original, innovative research designs instead of the replication of widely used templates.
Predation on artificial caterpillars is higher in countryside than near-natural forest habitat in lowland south-western Costa Rica
Authors: Seifert Carlo Lutz , Lehner Lisamarie , Adams Marc-Oliver , Fiedler Konrad 
Published: January 2015

Abstract:Predation pressure is essential in regulating population dynamics of herbivorous insects. We used artificial caterpillars (25 × 4 mm) made from brown-or green-coloured plasticine to compare predation pressure between countryside and near-natural rain-forest habitat in the Gulfo Dulce region (Costa Rica). Within each habitat, 162 caterpillars were placed randomly on different substrates along a 1200-m transect and at heights between 0.5 and 2.0 m. Artificial caterpillars were inspected at 24-h intervals for 3 consecutive days. Predation pressure was almost twice as high for countryside (mean attack frequency per capita: 1.11 ± 0.08 SE) compared with rain forest (0.66 ± 0.07 SE). In both habitats arthropods emerged as chief predator group, followed by birds. Attacks by non-volant mammals were very rare and restricted to rain-forest sites. In the countryside, bird attacks were more than four times as common as in forest, indicating a change in their relative importance across habitats.
Treatment of aromatase (CYP19A1) inhibitor reduces fertility in porcine sperm
Authors: Oh Jong-Nam , Hwang Jae Yeon , Choi Kwang-Hwan , Lee Chang-Kyu 
Published: January 2015

SummaryTo ascertain whether aromatase (CYP19A1) expression is linked to sperm fertility of pigs, the present study determined the expression of theCYP19A1gene in porcine sperm and its relationship with fertilizationin vitro. First, to investigate its role in fertility, the presence of CYP19A1 of mRNA and protein expression in porcine sperm were confirmed by real-time (RT) or quantitative polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR) and by western blots. The expression levels were determined quantitatively using two sperm groups recovered by a Percoll gradient, which revealed that the sperm group with a low density had a higher penetration rate than that of the high-density group (P< 0.05). However, the expression level of CYP19A1 was not significantly different between the two groups. Secondly, to examine the effect of aromatase activity on fertilization, fresh semen was treated with a steroidal inhibitor, exemestane (50 μM for 0.5 h), followed by the dose- and time-dependent viability test. Our results clearly showed that an exemestane treatment effect (P< 0.05) was found for both the sperm-penetration rate and the oocyte cleavage rate. These results indicated that CYP19A1 could be involved in sperm fertility and its expression in sperm plays an important role in fertilization.
To Add or not to Add? The British and Foreign Bible Society's Defence of the ‘Without Note or Comment’ Principle in Late Qing China
Authors: Mak George Kam Wah 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis paper examines how the British and Foreign Bible Society (BFBS) struggled to defend its ‘without note or comment’ principle in late Qing China, which was a vivid case attesting the tension between the ideals of Protestant missionary societies and the reality of mission fields. The BFBS regarded the ‘without note or comment’ principle as its fundamental principle, since the principle not only embodied its biblical ideology but also helped solicit interdenominational support. However, Protestant missionaries in China urged the BFBS to modify the ‘without note or comment’ principle so as to publish and distribute Chinese Bibles with readers’ helps explaining the biblical world to the Chinese people, who belonged to a non-Christian culture. Having refused the missionaries’ request for several decades, the BFBS eventually published an edition of the Gospel of Matthew in Chinese including explanatory readings called translational helps in 1911, as the BFBS was concerned about the loss of support from missionaries in the face of increasing competition from the National Bible Society of Scotland (NBSS), which began to publish and distribute annotated Chinese Gospels in the 1890s in response to demand. However, this paper argues that the BFBS did not abandon its ‘without note or comment’ principle but instead, by adopting a minimalist approach to compiling its translational helps, the BFBS made use of its Chinese Bibles with translational helps as an expedient means to defend its ‘without note or comment’ principle.
Life-cycle patterns in the design and adoption of default funds in DC pension plans
Authors: INKMANN JOACHIM , SHI ZHEN 
Published: January 2015

AbstractWe argue that we should see a negative relationship between the share of risky assets in the default fund of a defined contribution (DC) pension plan and the average plan member age if trustees design the default fund in line with predictions from the life-cycle portfolio choice theory. Adoption of the default fund should be low in DC plans with high member age dispersion if default funds are indeed designed for the average plan member and members become aware of this. From analyzing a panel dataset of Australian DC pension plans, we obtain results that are consistent with both hypotheses.
Reliability and validity of the Head and Neck Cancer Inventory (HNCI) in Japanese patients
Authors: Yamashita Aya , Ichikura Kanako , Sugimoto Taro , Kishimoto Seiji , Shimozuma Kojiro , Matsushima Eisuke 
Published: January 2015

AbstractObjective:This project evaluated the psychometric properties of a translated version of the Head and Neck Cancer Inventory (HNCI) for use with Japanese patients. The HNCI is a measure for assessing the quality of life (QoL) of head and neck cancer patients and survivors. The present study was aimed at investigating the reliability and validity of this translated instrument.Method:Some 165 patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) were enrolled at the Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital. The instrument's internal consistency and test–retest reliability were evaluated. Criterion-related validity was assessed by correlations between the HNCI and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–Head and Neck (FACT–H&N) scales.Results:Some 29 of the 30 items in the original version were selected to comprise the Japanese version of the HNCI (Japanese HNCI). Investigation of criterion-related validity using the FACT–H&N demonstrated significant correlations (Spearman's ρ = 0.47–0.63). The value of Cronbach's α for each subscale ranged from 0.84 to 0.87. Test–retest reliability showed an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.62–0.79.Significance of Results:The reliability and validity of the Japanese HNCI were evaluated. Although its classification is different from the original U.S. version, the Japanese HNCI is a self-administered questionnaire that can assess quality of life (QoL) in patients with head and neck cancer.
AXIOMATIZING SEMANTIC THEORIES OF TRUTH?
Authors: FISCHER MARTIN , HALBACH VOLKER , KRIENER JÖNNE , STERN JOHANNES 
Published: January 2015

AbstractWe discuss the interplay between the axiomatic and the semantic approach to truth. Often, semantic constructions have guided the development of axiomatic theories and certain axiomatic theories have been claimed to capture a semantic construction. We ask under which conditions an axiomatic theory captures a semantic construction. After discussing some potential criteria, we focus on the criterion of ℕ-categoricity and discuss its usefulness and limits.
A hybrid integrated ultra-wideband/dual-band antenna with high isolation
Authors: Messaoudene Idris , Denidni Tayeb A. , Benghalia Abdelmadjid 
Published: January 2015

In this paper, we propose a novel integrated ultra-wideband (UWB) monopole antenna with dual-band antenna. The antenna consists of planar rectangular with semi-elliptical base and a rectangular dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) with dual-band operation. Both of them are excited via coplanar waveguide (CPW) lines. The experimental measurements show that the planar monopole provides an impedance bandwidth between 2.44 and 11.9 GHz which largely covers the entire UWB spectrum, and the rectangular DRA operates at two bands; 5.3–6.2 and 8.5–9.4 GHz. Additionally, the proposed structure ensures low mutual coupling between the two ports (with S21 less than −20 dB in the whole operating frequency band). The measured and numerical results show a good agreement.
Defects in Silicene: Vacancy Clusters, Extended Line Defects and Di-adatoms
Authors: Li Shuang , Wu Yifeng , Tu Yi , Wang Yonghui , Jiang Tong , Liu Wei , Zhao Yonghao 
Published: January 2015

AbstractDefects are almost inevitable during the fabrication process and their existence strongly affects thermodynamic and (opto)electronic properties of two-dimensional materials. Very recent experiments have provided clear evidence for the presence of larger multi-vacancies in silicene, but their structure, stability and formation mechanism remain largely unexplored. Here, we present a detailed theoretical study of silicene monolayer containing three types of defects: vacancy clusters, extended line defects (ELDs) and di-adatoms. First-principles calculations, along with ab initio molecular dynamics simulations, revealed the coalescence tendency of small defects and formation of highly stable vacancy clusters. The 5|8|5 ELD – the most favorable extended defect in both graphene and silicene sheets – is found to be easier to form in the latter case due to the mixed sp2/sp3 hybridization of silicon. In addition, hybrid functional calculations that contain part of the Hatree-Fock exchange energy demonstrated that the introduction of single and double silicon adatoms significantly enhances the stability of the system and provides an effective approach on tuning the magnetic moment and band gap of silicene.
Infrared-induced variation of the magnetic properties of a magnetoplasmonic film with a 3D sub-micron periodic triangular roof-type antireflection structure
Authors: Tian Junlong , Zhang Wang , Huang Yiqiao , Liu Qinglei , Wang Yuhua , Zhang Zhijian , Zhang Di 
Published: January 2015

AbstractA carbon-matrix nickel composite magnetoplasmonic film with a 3D sub-micron periodic triangular roof-type antireflection structure (SPTAS) was fabricated via a simple and promising method that combines chemosynthesis with biomimetic techniques. The Troides helena (Linnaeus) forewing (T_FW) was chosen as the biomimetic template. The carbon-matrix Ni wing fabricated via electroless Ni deposition for 6 h (CNMF_6h) exhibits enhanced infrared absorption. Over a wavelength range (888–2500 nm), the enhancement of the infrared absorption of CNMF_6h is up to 1.85 times compared with the T_FW. Furthermore, infrared excitation induces a photothermal effect that results in variation in the magnetic properties of the carbon-matrix Ni wing. The magnetic properties were also confirmed using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and magnetic force microscopy (MFM). The good correlation between the AFM and MFM images demonstrates that the surface of the SPTAS of CNMF_6h exhibits strong magnetic properties. The infrared induced photothermal effect that results in magnetic variation is promising for use in the design of novel magnetoplasmonic films with potential applications in infrared information recording and heat-assisted magnetic recording.
A novel one-class SVM based negative data sampling method for reconstructing proteome-wide HTLV-human protein interaction networks
Authors: Mei Suyu , Zhu Hao 
Published: January 2015

AbstractProtein-protein interaction (PPI) prediction is generally treated as a problem of binary classification wherein negative data sampling is still an open problem to be addressed. The commonly used random sampling is prone to yield less representative negative data with considerable false negatives. Meanwhile rational constraints are seldom exerted on model selection to reduce the risk of false positive predictions for most of the existing computational methods. In this work, we propose a novel negative data sampling method based on one-class SVM (support vector machine, SVM) to predict proteome-wide protein interactions between HTLV retrovirus and Homo sapiens, wherein one-class SVM is used to choose reliable and representative negative data and two-class SVM is used to yield proteome-wide outcomes as predictive feedback for rational model selection. Computational results suggest that one-class SVM is more suited to be used as negative data sampling method than two-class PPI predictor and the predictive feedback constrained model selection helps to yield a rational predictive model that reduces the risk of false positive predictions. Some predictions have been validated by the recent literature. Lastly, gene ontology based clustering of the predicted PPI networks is conducted to provide valuable cues for the pathogenesis of HTLV retrovirus.