bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The character of innovative places: entrepreneurial strategy, economic development, and prosperity
Authors: Feldman Maryann P. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractWhy do investments in certain places yield jobs, growth, and prosperity while similar investments made in seemingly identical places fail to produce the desired results? Starting with the observation that innovation clusters spatially across a broad spectrum of industries, my work seeks to understand the mechanisms and institutions that promote the creation of useful knowledge. In my conceptualization, entrepreneurs, as the agents who recognize opportunity, mobilize resources, and create value, are key to the creation of institutions and the building of capacity that will sustain regional economic development. Entrepreneurs benefit from location. But entrepreneurs are also pivotal as agents of change that can transform local communities. The initial event or entrepreneurial spark that gives rise to prosperous regions is not deterministic nor do they automatically set in motion path dependencies that automatically yield successful places. What matters most is human agency—the building of institutions and the myriad public and private decisions that determine what I call the character of place—a spirit of authenticity, engagement, and common purpose.
An additive variant of Somekawa's K-groups and Kähler differentials
Authors: Hiranouchi Toshiro 
Published: March 2014

AbstractWe introduce a Milnor type K-group associated to commutative algebraic groups over a perfect field. It is an additive variant of Somekawa's K-group. We show that the K-group associated to the additive group and q multiplicative groups of a field is isomorphic to the space of absolute Kähler differentials of degree q of the field, thus giving us a geometric interpretation of the space of absolute Kähler differentials. We also show that the K-group associated to the additive group and Jacobian variety of a curve is isomorphic to the homology group of a certain complex.
ENDURING ECONOMIC HARDSHIP, WOMEN'S EDUCATION, MARRIAGE AND FERTILITY TRANSITION IN KINSHASA
Authors: SHAPIRO DAVID 
Published: March 2014

SummaryThis paper examines fertility transition in Kinshasa, capital of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and second-largest city in sub-Saharan Africa. Shapiro (1996) documented the onset of fertility transition in the city, using data from 1990. Women's education was strongly inversely related to fertility, beginning with secondary schooling, and increases in women's education were important in initiating fertility transition in the city. The paper uses data from the 2007 Demographic and Health Survey in the DRC to examine fertility in Kinshasa and assess fertility transition since 1990, a period characterized by severe adverse economic conditions in the DRC. Fertility transition has continued at a strong pace. In part this reflects increased educational attainment of women, but it appears also to be largely a consequence of enduring economic hardship. The ongoing fertility decline has been accompanied by substantial delays in entry to marriage and childbearing, reflecting adverse economic conditions, which in turn have contributed to continuing declines in fertility.
THE STORY OF THE HUGE FACE OF AN ARRANGEMENT: VARISPEED'S ADAPTATION OF ROBERT ASHLEY'S PERFECT LIVES
Authors: Bell Gelsey 
Published: March 2014

AbstractRobert Ashley's opera Perfect Lives was conceived for the medium of television and first broadcast (by the UK's Channel 4) in 1984. Partly for this reason, and also for other factors (the apparently necessary involvement of Ashley himself as narrator; the absence of a complete, fully notated score) the work has received very few live performances. In 2011 the New York City-based performance collective Varispeed reconceived the work as a day-long, site-specific event, following Ashley's available notations and recorded performances in broad outline but departing from them in creative ways. In this article Varispeed founding member Gelsey Bell describes the working processes and decision-making that informed the collective's approach to this experimental classic.
ON HORATIU RADULESCU'S FIFTH STRING QUARTET (‘BEFORE THE UNIVERSE WAS BORN’) OP. 89
Authors: Dougherty William 
Published: March 2014

AbstractHoratiu Radulescu's Fifth String Quartet, ‘before the universe was born’, is a shining example of his radical compositional approach. With an intense interest in creating a rich, numinous sound-world constructed firmly on principles of nature, science and ancient philosophy, Radulescu developed a unique compositional language that breaks with traditional musical conventions. In hopes of illuminating the inner workings behind his often enigmatic compositional process, this article examines various aspects relating to Radulescu's Fifth Quartet: the work's formal construction, with a focus on its notation and overall large-scale harmonic development; the Quartet's rhythmic devices and their link to the philosophical underpinnings that drive the work; the extended instrumental string techniques employed throughout, the sounds they achieve, and how they are executed; and the work's spectral pitch organisation.
Self-incompatibility in Papaver: advances in integrating the signalling network
Authors: Eaves Deborah J. , Flores-Ortiz Carlos , Haque Tamanna , Lin Zongcheng , Teng Nianjun , Franklin-Tong Vernonica E. 
Published: March 2014

Self-fertilization, which results in reduced fitness of offspring, is a common problem in hermaphrodite angiosperms. To prevent this, many plants utilize SI (self-incompatibility), which is determined by the multi-allelic S-locus, that allows discrimination between self (incompatible) and non-self (compatible) pollen by the pistil. In poppy (Papaver rhoeas), the pistil S-determinant (PrsS) is a small secreted protein which interacts with the pollen S-determinant PrpS, a ~20 kDa novel transmembrane protein. Interaction of matching pollen and pistil S-determinants results in self-recognition, initiating a Ca2+-dependent signalling network in incompatible pollen. This triggers several downstream events, including alterations to the cytoskeleton, phosphorylation of sPPases (soluble inorganic pyrophosphatases) and an MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase), increases in ROS (reactive oxygen species) and nitric oxide (NO), and activation of several caspase-like activities. This results in the inhibition of pollen tube growth, prevention of self-fertilization and ultimately PCD (programmed cell death) in incompatible pollen. The present review focuses on our current understanding of the integration of these signals with their targets in the SI/PCD network. We also discuss our recent functional expression of PrpS in Arabidopsis thaliana pollen.
PD-1 deletion restores susceptibility to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in miR-155-deficient mice
Authors: Zhang Jinyu , Braun Michel Y. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
MiR-155 −/− mice are highly resistant to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), while Pdcd1−/− mice develop a more severe form of the disease. To determine the conflicting roles of these two molecules in the disease, we generated miR-155−/−Pdcd1−/− double knockout (DKO) mice. We found that ablation of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) expression in miR-155-deficient mice restored the susceptibility to EAE. The increased severity of the disease in DKO mice was accompanied by an enhanced T-cell infiltration into the brain as well as an increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ and IL-17. Furthermore, the major contribution of the DKO to EAE was T-cell intrinsic since adoptive transfer of CD4+ T cells from DKO donors promoted the disease in lymphopenic recipients. These results define PD-1 deficiency in miR-155−/− mice as a promoting factor of autoimmune inflammation by increasing antigen-driven T-cell expansion and infiltration.
Evidence for function overlapping of CymA and the cytochrome bc1 complex in the Shewanella oneidensis nitrate and nitrite respiration
Authors: Fu Huihui , Jin Miao , Ju Lili , Mao Yinting , Gao Haichun 
Published: March 2014

SummaryShewanella oneidensis is an important model organism for its versatility of anaerobic respiration. CymA, a cytoplasmic membrane‐bound tetraheme c‐type cytochrome, plays a central role in anaerobic respiration by transferring electrons from the quinone pool to a variety of terminal reductases. Although loss of CymA results in defect in respiration of many electron acceptors (EAs), a significant share of the capacity remains in general. In this study, we adopted a transposon random mutagenesis method in a cymA null mutant to identify substituent(s) of CymA with respect to nitrite and nitrate respiration. A total of 87 insertion mutants, whose ability to reduce nitrite was further impaired, were obtained. Among the interrupted genes, the petABC operon appeared to be the most likely candidate given the involvement of the cytochrome bc1 complex that it encodes in electron transport. Subsequent analyses not only confirmed that the complex and CymA were indeed functionally overlapping in nitrate/nitrite respiration but also revealed that both proteins were able to draw electrons from ubiquinone and menaquinone. Furthermore, we found that expression of the bc1 complex was affected by oxygen but not nitrate or nitrite and by global regulators ArcA and Crp in an indirect manner.
Biodegradation of endocrine‐disrupting compounds by ligninolytic fungi: mechanisms involved in the degradation
Authors: Cajthaml Tomáš 
Published: March 2014

SummaryWithout any doubt, endocrine‐disrupting compounds (EDCs) represent an environmental risk for wildlife and human beings. Endocrine‐disrupting effects were found for many chemicals in products for personal use, industrial compounds and even in classical persistent organic pollutants (POPs). In order to understand the fate of EDCs in the environment, it is highly important to identify and to clarify the biodegradation mechanisms that can lead to their decomposition. Ligninolytic fungi (LF) are interesting microorganisms that are capable of participating in a variety of versatile decomposition mechanisms. The microorganisms represent a useful model group and, moreover, LF or their enzymes can be actively used for decontamination. Potential optimization of the decontamination process provides another important reason why it is necessary for understanding the mechanisms of EDC transformation. This minireview summarizes current knowledge about the LF biodegradation mechanisms of the most important micropollutants (xenoestrogens), including nonylphenols, bisphenol A and 17α‐ethinylestradiol and polychlorinated biphenyls as POPs with endocrine‐disrupting potency. Generally, LF exhibit the ability to either polymerize the target pollutants or to substantially decompose the original structure using ligninolytic enzymes and cytochrome P‐450. Moreover, most of the transformation processes are accompanied by reduction of the endocrine‐disrupting activity or ecotoxicity.
Infrared Spectra of U.S. Automobile Original Finishes (1998–2000).IX. Identification of Bismuth Oxychloride and Silver/White Mica Pearlescent Pigments Using Extended RangeFT‐IRSpectroscopy,XRFSpectrometry, andSEM/EDSAnalysis
Authors: Suzuki Edward M. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBismuth oxychloride (BiOCl) was the first viable synthetic pearl pigment developed 50 years ago. It was only used for a limited time period in automotive paint (model years 1998–2000), serving to produce luster for a single Chrysler black metallic color. Identification of this pigment in an unknown automotive paint can thus facilitate determination of the vehicle of origin. Bismuth oxychloride imparts effects similar to those produced by silver/white mica pearlescent pigments, and such a pigment was used together with bismuth oxychloride in at least one original equipment manufacturer (OEM) basecoat. Silver/white micas are now used primarily in white pearl tricoat systems. This article describes the identification of bismuth oxychloride and silver/white mica pearlescent pigments in automotive finishes usingFT‐IRspectroscopy, X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry, andSEM/EDSanalysis. Data for some cadmium pigments, which were used in automotive paint several decades ago, are also presented as they produce infrared absorptions similar to that of bismuth oxychloride.
Validation of a differential diagnostic model of diabetic nephropathy and non‐diabetic renal diseases and the establishment of a new diagnostic model 糖尿病肾病和非糖尿病性肾脏疾病的鉴别诊断模型的验证及新模型的建立
Authors: Liu Mo‐yan , Chen Xiang‐mei , Sun Xue‐feng , Zhou Jian‐hui , Zhang Xue‐guang , Zhu Han‐yu , Chen Yi‐zhi , Liu Shu‐wen , Wei Ri‐bao , Tang Li , Cai Guang‐yan , Zhang Li , Bai Xue‐yuan 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe aims of the present study were to validate the differential diagnostic model of diabetic nephropathy (DN) and non‐diabetic renal diseases (NDRD) established in 2003 and to establish a new diagnostic model suitable for the current clinical characteristics of DN.MethodsWe examined 200 patients with Type 2 diabetes who underwent kidney biopsy from 2004 to 2012. The 2003 differential diagnostic model based on the data collected from 1993 to 2003 was evaluated by the diagnostic test and changes in the clinical differentiation parameters of DN and NDRD were analyzed. Logistic regression, receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve, net reclassification improvement (NRI), and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) analysis were applied.ResultsThe 2003 diagnostic model showed an accuracy of 77.5%. A significantly elevated incidence of hematuria, longer history of diabetes, and reduced level of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were observed in the DN group from 2004 to 2012 compared with DN group from 1993 to 2003. Histories of diabetes mellitus (Dm), systolic blood pressure (Bp), HbA1c (Gh), hematuria (Hu), diabetic retinopathy (Dr), and hemoglobin (Hb) are independently related to DN. Thus, a new diagnostic model was constructed as follows: PDN = exp (0.846 + 0.022 Dm + 0.033Bp + 2.050 Gh–2.664 Hu–0.078 Hb + 2.942Dr)/[1 + exp (0.846 + 0.022 Dm + 0.033 Bp + 2.050 Gh–2.664 Hu–0.078 Hb + 2.942 Dr)].Validation tests determined that the accuracy of the new model were 90.9%.ConclusionsChanges in people with DN, clinical characteristics have reduced the diagnostic efficacy of the 2003 diagnostic model. The newly established model can provide a better, more current differentiation between DN and NDRD.
Allergic rhinitis may impact the recovery of pulmonary function tests after moderate/severe asthma exacerbation in children
Authors: Yilmaz O. , Bakirtas A. , Ertoy Karagol H. I. , Topal E. , Demirsoy M. S. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundDuring an asthma exacerbation, pulmonary function test parameters (PFTs) return to their baseline values within a few weeks. Factors affecting the recovery of PFTs other than the severity of exacerbation are not well known.ObjectiveThe primary aim of the study was to determine the risk factors for recovery of PFTs > 7 days after a moderate to severe asthma exacerbation in children.MethodsChildren who had moderate to severe asthma exacerbation performed serial prebronchodilator PFTs on days 1, 3, 7 of the exacerbation and then once weekly until their PFTs reached a plateau. All children received systemic corticosteroid for 3 days and inhaled salbutamol as long as they needed.ResultsFifty‐seven children were recruited. When all PFTs were considered, 42% and 74% of children recovered within 7 and 14 days, respectively. The last recovered PFT parameter was FEF25–75. Allergic rhinitis (AR) (P = 0.016), persistent AR (P = 0.005), and severe asthma exacerbation (P = 0.009) were significantly higher in children whose PFTs recover >7 days; only severe asthma exacerbation was different for recovery >14 days (P = 0.048). Logistic regression analysis revealed that AR and severe asthma exacerbation increase the recovery of PFTs > 7 days by 4.3 (95% CI: 1.29–14.67) and 8.1 (95% CI: 1.51–44.43), respectively.ConclusionsRecovery of PFTs during a moderate/severe asthma exacerbation may take up to 4 weeks. Apart from severity of the exacerbation, AR is a significant factor affecting the recovery time of PFTs and therefore may impact asthma management. This issue reinforces the combined treatment of AR and asthma.
Outcomes of theON FIREpeer support programme for children and adolescents in families with mental health problems
Authors: Foster Kim , McPhee Ingrid , Fethney Judith , McCloughen Andrea 
Published: March 2014

AbstractChildren in families with mental health problems may encounter multiple risks to their well‐being. General aims of peer support programmes for these children include fostering resilience and effective coping strategies, and enhancing self‐esteem and social skills. This study aimed to evaluate outcomes from a pilot multi‐site implementation of theON FIREpeer support programme. The purpose ofON FIREis to cultivate hope, resilience and well‐being in children and adolescents aged 8–17 years living in families affected by sibling or parental mental health problems. We employed a pre‐post test (baseline and 4 months) evaluation using a suite of outcome measures. TheStrengths andDifficultiesQuestionnaire (SDQ),Children'sHopeScale,KidsConnectionsScale andPositive andNegativeAffectScale forChildren (PANAS‐C) were completed for 64 child/adolescent participants. At baseline, participants had significantly greater difficulties compared withAustralian norms. At 4 months, there were significant differences inchildren'shope and in connections outside the family. There were no significant differences in theSDQor thePANAS‐C.
Contact allergy to ingredients of hair cosmetics – a comparison of female hairdressers and clients based on IVDK 2007–2012 data
Authors: Uter Wolfgang , Gefeller Olaf , John Swen Malte , Schnuch Axel , Geier Johannes 
Published: March 2014

SummaryBackgroundCosmetics for bleaching, waving/relaxing and dyeing hair contain well‐known allergens, leading to a substantial number of cases of allergic contact dermatitis.ObjectiveTo compare the frequency of important contact allergens (i) between two distinct groups of exposed patients, and (ii) with previous surveillance data.MethodsOn the basis of data collected by the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK; www.ivkd.org) between 2007 and 2012 in 824 female hairdressers and 2067 female clients, the current spectrum of contact sensitization to ingredients of hair cosmetics, as contained in different pertinent series, is described.ResultsA similar burden of sensitization as in previous analyses was observed, but with some increase in sensitization to oxidative hair dye components in clients. Some allergens mainly affected hairdressers, such as ammonium persulfate (18.7% positive) and glyceryl monothioglycolate (GMTG; still 4.7% positive, with a few cases also in young hairdressers, despite removal from the German market).ConclusionsHair dyes remain important contact allergens, despite various attempts by the cosmetic industry to introduce hair dyes with lower allergenic potential. The re‐emergence of GMTG as an occupational allergen should be considered as a warning signal (‘sentinel event’) prompting close monitoring.
Posteromedial Papillary Muscle Rupture Following Percutaneous Mitral Balloon Valvotomy
Authors: Açar Göksel , Toprak Cuneyt , Avci Anıl , Efe Suleyman Cagan , Esen Ali Metin 
Published: March 2014

Mini‐AbstractWe report a case of Inoue balloon mitral valvotomy in a patient with low echo score that was complicated by severe regurgitation caused by a rupture of a papillary muscle, which only became apparent the day after the procedure. Our case highlights the importance of the follow‐up of patients undergoing balloon mitral valvotomy even following a successful procedure on suitable valves.
Three‐Dimensional Speckle Tracking Echocardiography Allows Detailed Evaluation of Left Atrial Function in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy–Insights from the MAGYAR‐Path Study
Authors: Domsik Péter , Kalapos Anita , Chadaide Számi , Sepp Róbert , Hausinger Péter , Forster Tamás , Nemes Attila 
Published: March 2014

IntroductionHypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) represents a generalized myopathic process affecting both ventricular and atrial myocardium. Reduced left atrial (LA) function was demonstrated in HCM by different methods. Three‐dimensional (3D) speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) has just been introduced for the evaluation of LA. This study was designed to compare 3DSTE‐derived LA volumetric and strain parameters in HCM with healthy controls.MethodsThe study comprised 23 consecutive HCM patients (mean age: 48.5 ± 15.1 years, 14 men). Their results were compared to 23 age‐ and gender‐matched healthy controls. Complete two‐dimensional Doppler echocardiography and 3DSTE have been performed in all cases.ResultsCalculated LA maximum (66.4 ± 20.4 mL vs. 36.0 ± 6.1 mL, P < 0.0001) and minimum (39.2 ± 19.1 vs. 16.0 ± 4.6 mL, P < 0.0001) volumes and LA volume before atrial contraction (53.6 ± 19.9 vs. 24.0 ± 6.2 mL, P < 0.0001) were significantly increased in HCM patients. Atrial stroke volumes respecting cardiac cycles proved to be increased, while emptying fractions were decreased in subjects with HCM. Mean global radial (−12.2 ± 6.7% vs. −19.6 ± 11.7, P < 0.05), longitudinal (26.5 ± 16.5% vs. 29.8 ± 12.1%, P < 0.05) and 3D strain (−6.1 ± 4.4% vs. −12.5 ± 10.2%, P < 0.05) proved to be significantly reduced in HCM patients as compared with matched controls.ConclusionsThree‐dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography allows detailed evaluation of LA (dys) function in HCM by volumetric and strain measurements.
Task‐related preparatory modulations multiply with acoustic processing in monkey auditory cortex
Authors: Massoudi Roohollah , Van Wanrooij Marc M. , Van Wetter Sigrid M. C. I. , Versnel Huib , Van Opstal A. John 
Published: March 2014

AbstractWe characterised task‐related top‐down signals in monkey auditory cortex cells by comparing single‐unit activity during passive sound exposure with neuronal activity during a predictable and unpredictable reaction‐time task for a variety of spectral‐temporally modulated broadband sounds. Although animals were not trained to attend to particular spectral or temporal sound modulations, their reaction times demonstrated clear acoustic spectral‐temporal sensitivity for unpredictable modulation onsets. Interestingly, this sensitivity was absent for predictable trials with fast manual responses, but re‐emerged for the slower reactions in these trials. Our analysis of neural activity patterns revealed a task‐related dynamic modulation of auditory cortex neurons that was locked to the animal's reaction time, but invariant to the spectral and temporal acoustic modulations. This finding suggests dissociation between acoustic and behavioral signals at the single‐unit level. We further demonstrated that single‐unit activity during task execution can be described by a multiplicative gain modulation of acoustic‐evoked activity and a task‐related top‐down signal, rather than by linear summation of these signals.