bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Strike Strike, We Strike”: Making Aboriginal Domestic Labor Visible in the Pilbara Pastoral Workers’ Strike, Western Australia, 1946–1952
Authors: Haskins Victoria , Scrimgeour Anne 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBetween 1946 and 1949, the Pilbara Walk-Off of Aboriginal pastoral workers in the Northwest of Western Australia came to symbolize the demand for Aboriginal rights and independence and is now recognized as a key event in the Aboriginal land rights movement. While the Pilbara strike has received attention from many historians, the involvement of Aboriginal domestic workers in the action has not. But the strike provided an unprecedented opportunity for Aboriginal domestic workers to mobilize and organize. This article examines the historical role and impact of Aboriginal domestic workers in the Pilbara strike. Drawing upon Aboriginal oral histories and correspondence of employers at the time as well as official records, this study argues that the involvement of the domestic workers made Aboriginal domestic labor visible, and in doing so challenged the racial and gender foundations of hierarchy and power that underpinned the pastoral economy of colonization.
Domestic Worker Organizing in the United States: Reports from the Field
Authors: Goldberg Harmony 
Published: September 2015

AbstractMost efforts of the current domestic workers’ rights movement in the United States have focused on ending the exclusion of domestic workers from employment protections that were institutionalized during the New Deal in the 1930s. These victories have been significant in both policy and culture. They have brought public attention to the invisibilized world of domestic work, and state recognition has validated this often-degraded occupation as “real work.” However, enforcement has been a problem. As domestic worker organizing has matured, it has expanded to include pushing the boundaries of state-ensured minimum standards as well as raising standards in the industry through direct intervention in the relationship between workers and employers. These programs are significant in that they reflect a different strategic approach—often with the goal of base building—than the earlier model of domestic worker advocacy and organizing.
Bub1 autophosphorylation feeds back to regulate kinetochore docking and promote localized substrate phosphorylation
Authors: Asghar Adeel , Lajeunesse Audrey , Dulla Kalyan , Combes Guillaume , Thebault Philippe , Nigg Erich A. , Elowe Sabine 
Published: September 2015

AbstractDuring mitosis, Bub1 kinase phosphorylates histone H2A-T120 to promote centromere sister chromatid cohesion through recruitment of shugoshin (Sgo) proteins. The regulation and dynamics of H2A-T120 phosphorylation are poorly understood. Using quantitative phosphoproteomics we show that Bub1 is autophosphorylated at numerous sites. We confirm mitosis-specific autophosphorylation of a several residues and show that Bub1 activation is primed in interphase but fully achieved only in mitosis. Mutation of a single autophosphorylation site T589 alters kinetochore turnover of Bub1 and results in uniform H2A-T120 phosphorylation and Sgo recruitment along chromosome arms. Consequently, improper sister chromatid resolution and chromosome segregation errors are observed. Kinetochore tethering of Bub1-T589A refocuses H2A-T120 phosphorylation and Sgo1 to centromeres. Recruitment of the Bub1-Bub3-BubR1 axis to kinetochores has recently been extensively studied. Our data provide novel insight into the regulation and kinetochore residency of Bub1 and indicate that its localization is dynamic and tightly controlled through feedback autophosphorylation.
Diffusional spread and confinement of newly exocytosed synaptic vesicle proteins
Authors: Gimber Niclas , Tadeus Georgi , Maritzen Tanja , Schmoranzer Jan , Haucke Volker 
Published: September 2015

AbstractNeurotransmission relies on the calcium-triggered exocytic fusion of non-peptide neurotransmitter-containing small synaptic vesicles (SVs) with the presynaptic membrane at active zones (AZs) followed by compensatory endocytic retrieval of SV membranes. Here, we study the diffusional fate of newly exocytosed SV proteins in hippocampal neurons by high-resolution time-lapse imaging. Newly exocytosed SV proteins rapidly disperse within the first seconds post fusion until confined within the presynaptic bouton. Rapid diffusional spread and confinement is followed by slow reclustering of SV proteins at the periactive endocytic zone. Confinement within the presynaptic bouton is mediated in part by SV protein association with the clathrin-based endocytic machinery to limit diffusional spread of newly exocytosed SV proteins. These data suggest that diffusion, and axonal escape of newly exocytosed vesicle proteins, are counteracted by the clathrin-based endocytic machinery together with a presynaptic diffusion barrier.
HIV–tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome is characterized by Toll-like receptor and inflammasome signalling
Authors: Lai Rachel P. J. , Meintjes Graeme , Wilkinson Katalin A. , Graham Christine M. , Marais Suzaan , Van der Plas Helen , Deffur Armin , Schutz Charlotte , Bloom Chloe , Munagala Indira , Anguiano Esperanza , Goliath Rene , Maartens Gary , Banchereau Jacques , Chaussabel Damien , O’Garra Anne , Wilkinson Robert J. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractPatients with HIV-associated tuberculosis (TB) initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) may develop immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS). No biomarkers for TB-IRIS have been identified and the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here we perform transcriptomic profiling of the blood samples of patients with HIV-associated TB. We identify differentially abundant transcripts as early as week 0.5 post ART initiation that predict downstream activation of proinflammatory cytokines in patients who progress to TB-IRIS. At the characteristic time of TB-IRIS onset (week 2), the signature is characterized by over-representation of innate immune mediators including TLR signalling and TREM-1 activation of the inflammasome. In keeping with the transcriptional data, concentrations of plasma cytokines and caspase-1/5 are elevated in TB-IRIS. Inhibition of MyD88 adaptor and group 1 caspases reduces secretion of cytokines including IL-1 in TB-IRIS patients. These data provide insight on the pathogenesis of TB-IRIS and may assist the development of specific therapies.
Regional microbial signatures positively correlate with differential wine phenotypes: evidence for a microbial aspect to terroir
Authors: Knight Sarah , Klaere Steffen , Fedrizzi Bruno , Goddard Matthew R. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractMany crops display differential geographic phenotypes and sensorial signatures, encapsulated by the concept of terroir. The drivers behind these differences remain elusive and the potential contribution of microbes has been ignored until recently. Significant genetic differentiation between microbial communities and populations from different geographic locations has been demonstrated, but crucially it has not been shown whether this correlates with differential agricultural phenotypes or not. Using wine as a model system, we utilize the regionally genetically differentiated population of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in New Zealand and objectively demonstrate that these populations differentially affect wine phenotype, which is driven by a complex mix of chemicals. These findings reveal the importance of microbial populations for the regional identity of wine and potentially extend to other important agricultural commodities. Moreover, this suggests that long-term implementation of methods maintaining differential biodiversity may have tangible economic imperatives as well as being desirable in terms of employing agricultural practices that increase responsible environmental stewardship.
Inhibitory luminopsins: genetically-encoded bioluminescent opsins for versatile, scalable and hardware-independent optogenetic inhibition
Authors: Tung Jack K. , Gutekunst Claire-Anne , Gross Robert E. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractOptogenetic techniques provide an unprecedented ability to precisely manipulate neural activity in the context of complex neural circuitry. Although the toolbox of optogenetic probes continues to expand at a rapid pace with more efficient and responsive reagents, hardware-based light delivery is still a major hurdle that limits its practical usein vivo. We have bypassed the challenges of external light delivery by directly coupling a bioluminescent light source (a genetically encoded luciferase) to an inhibitory opsin, which we term an inhibitory luminopsin (iLMO). iLMO was shown to suppress action potential firing and synchronous bursting activityin vitroin response to both external light and luciferase substrate. iLMO was further shown to suppress single-unit firing rate and local field potentials in the hippocampus of anesthetized rats. Finally, expression of iLMO was scaled up to multiple structures of the basal ganglia to modulate rotational behavior of freely moving animals in a hardware-independent fashion. This novel class of optogenetic probes demonstrates how non-invasive inhibition of neural activity can be achieved, which adds to the versatility, scalability and practicality of optogenetic applications in freely behaving animals.
Layer matching epitaxy of NiO thin films on atomically stepped sapphire (0001) substrates
Authors: Yamauchi Ryosuke , Hamasaki Yosuke , Shibuya Takuto , Saito Akira , Tsuchimine Nobuo , Koyama Koji , Matsuda Akifumi , Yoshimoto Mamoru 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThin-film epitaxy is critical for investigating the original properties of materials. To obtain epitaxial films, careful consideration of the external conditions, i.e. single-crystal substrate, temperature, deposition pressure and fabrication method, is significantly important. In particular, selection of the single-crystal substrate is the first step towards fabrication of a high-quality film. Sapphire (single-crystalline α-Al2O3) is commonly used in industry as a thin-film crystal-growth substrate and functional thin-film materials deposited on sapphire substrates have found industrial applications. However, while sapphire is a single crystal, two types of atomic planes exist in accordance with step height. Here we discuss the need to consider the lattice mismatch for each of the sapphire atomic layers. Furthermore, through cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy analysis, we demonstrate the uniepitaxial growth of cubic crystalline thin films on bistepped sapphire (0001) substrates.
A Sustainable Substitute for Ivory: the Jarina Seed from the Amazon
Authors: Chu Yinghao , Meyers A Marc A. , Wang Bin , Yang Wen , Jung Jae-Young , Coimbra Carlos F. M. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe dried endosperm of the seed of Phytelephas sp is widely used for artisanal work in the Amazon region due to its favorable mechanical properties and pleasant appearance that resemble elephant ivory. While the seeds have enjoyed popularity and limited use by selected industries (e.g., military uniform buttons and piano keys) and handicraft applications, little is known about the mechanical properties and structure of this sustainable material. This work is the first to characterize the dried Jarina endosperm and to investigate its functionality as a viable substitute for elephant ivory. Structural analysis of typical seeds reveals the prevalence of tubules that align in rings and radiate from the (usually hollow) core of the seed. This seed, in the absence of a reinforcement structure or mineral phase, possesses mechanical properties slightly inferior to elephant ivory and selected plastics, while retaining the visual appeal of a naturally occurring material. A synthetic structure inspired on the seed is created and suggestions for further development are discussed.
Intense, carrier frequency and bandwidth tunable quasi single-cycle pulses from an organic emitter covering the Terahertz frequency gap
Authors: Vicario C. , Monoszlai B. , Jazbinsek M. , Lee S. -H. , Kwon O. -P. , Hauri C. P. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn Terahertz (THz) science, one of the long-standing challenges has been the formation of spectrally dense, single-cycle pulses with tunable duration and spectrum across the frequency range of 0.1–15 THz (THz gap). This frequency band, lying between the electronically and optically accessible spectra hosts important molecular fingerprints and collective modes which cannot be fully controlled by present strong-field THz sources. We present a method that provides powerful single-cycle THz pulses in the THz gap with a stable absolute phase whose duration can be continuously selected between 68 fs and 1100 fs. The loss-free and chirp-free technique is based on optical rectification of a wavelength-tunable pump pulse in the organic emitter HMQ-TMS that allows for tuning of the spectral bandwidth from 1 to more than 7 octaves over the entire THz gap. The presented source tunability of the temporal carrier frequency and spectrum expands the scope of spectrally dense THz sources to time-resolved nonlinear THz spectroscopy in the entire THz gap. This opens new opportunities towards ultrafast coherent control over matter and light.
Anomalous Structural Transition and Electrical Transport Behaviors in Compressed Zn2SnO4: Effect of Interface
Authors: Zhang Haiwa , Ke Feng , Li Yan , Wang Li , Liu Cailong , Zeng Yi , Yao Mingguang , Han Yonghao , Ma Yanzhang , Gao Chunxiao 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe interface effect is one of the most important factors that strongly affect the structural transformations and the properties of nano-/submicro-crystals under pressure. However, characterization of the granular boundary changes in materials is always challenging. Here, using tetrakaidecahedral Zn2SnO4microcrystals as an example, we employed alternating current impedance, X-ray diffraction methods and transmission electron microscopy to elucidate the effect of the interface on the structure and electrical transport behavior of the Zn2SnO4material under pressure. We clearly show that grain refinement of the initial microcrystals into nanocrystals (approximately 5 nm) occurs at above 12.5 GPa and is characterized by an anomalous resistance variation without a structural phase transition. A new phase transition pathway from the cubic to hexagonal structure occurs at approximately 29.8 GPa in Zn2SnO4. The unexpected grain refinement may explain the new structural transition in Zn2SnO4, which is different from the previous theoretical prediction. Our results provide new insights into the link between the structural transition, interface changes and electrical transport properties of Zn2SnO4.
Low Expression of Slit2 and Robo1 is Associated with Poor Prognosis and Brain-specific Metastasis of Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Qin Fengxia , Zhang Huikun , Ma Li , Liu Xiaoli , Dai Kun , Li Wenliang , Gu Feng , Fu Li , Ma Yongjie 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBrain metastasis is a significant unmet clinical problem in breast cancer treatment. It is always associated with poor prognosis and high morbidity. Recently, Slit2/Robo1 pathway has been demonstrated to be involved in the progression of breast carcinoma. However, until present, there are no convincing reports that suggest whether the Slit2/Robo1 axis has any role in brain metastasis of breast cancer. In this study, we investigated the correlation between Slit2/Robo1 signaling and breast cancer brain metastasis for the first time. Our results demonstrated that (1) Invasive ductal carcinoma patients with low expression of Slit2 or Robo1 exhibited worse prognosis and brain-specific metastasis, but not liver, bone or lung. (2) Lower expression of Slit2 and Robo1 were observed in patients with brain metastasis, especially in their brain metastasis tumors, compared with patients without brain metastasis. (3) The interval from diagnosis of breast cancer to brain metastasis and brain metastasis to death were both much shorter in patients with low expression of Slit2 or Robo1 compared with the high expression group. Overall, our findings indicated that Slit2/Robo1 axis possibly be regarded as a significant clinical parameter for predicting brain metastasis in breast cancer patients.
The activating role of phospho-(Tyr)-calmodulin on the epidermal growth factor receptor
Authors: Stateva Silviya R. , Salas Valentina , Benguría Alberto , Cossío Itziar , Anguita Estefanía , Martín-Nieto José , Benaim Gustavo , Villalobo Antonio 
Published: September 2015

The activity of calmodulin (CaM) is modulated not only by oscillations in the cytosolic concentration of free Ca2+, but also by its phosphorylation status. In the present study, the role of tyrosine-phosphorylated CaM [P-(Tyr)-CaM] on the regulation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been examined using in vitro assay systems. We show that phosphorylation of CaM by rat liver solubilized EGFR leads to a dramatic increase in the subsequent phosphorylation of poly-L-(Glu:Tyr) (PGT) by the receptor in the presence of ligand, both in the absence and in the presence of Ca2+. This occurred in contrast with assays where P-(Tyr)-CaM accumulation was prevented by the presence of Ca2+, absence of a basic cofactor required for CaM phosphorylation and/or absence of CaM itself. Moreover, an antibody against CaM, which inhibits its phosphorylation, prevented the extra ligand-dependent EGFR activation. Addition of purified P-(Tyr)-CaM, phosphorylated by recombinant c-Src (cellular sarcoma kinase) and free of non-phosphorylated CaM, obtained by affinity-chromatography using an immobilized anti-phospho-(Tyr)-antibody, also increased the ligand-dependent tyrosine kinase activity of the isolated EGFR toward PGT. Also a CaM(Y99D/Y138D) mutant mimicked the effect of P-(Tyr)-CaM on ligand-dependent EGFR activation. Finally, we demonstrate that P-(Tyr)-CaM binds to the same site (645R-R-R-H-I-V-R-K-R-T-L-R-R-L-L-Q660) as non-phosphorylated CaM, located at the cytosolic juxtamembrane region of the EGFR. These results show that P-(Tyr)-CaM is an activator of the EGFR and suggest that it could contribute to the CaM-mediated ligand-dependent activation of the receptor that we previously reported in living cells.
Postalische Befragung von Frauen mit türkischem Migrationshintergrund – Identifizierung, Stichprobenbereinigung und Response im Rahmen der InEMa-Studie
Authors: Berens E.-M. , Riedel J. , Reder M. , Razum O. , Kolip P. , Spallek J. 
Published: September 2015

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie: Menschen mit türkischem Migrationshintergrund sind eine wichtige Zielgruppe, sie nehmen jedoch selten an schriftlichen Befragungen teil. Zur Planung von Befragungen sollen daher Kennzahlen zur Response für Frauen mit und ohne türkischen Migrationshintergrund dargestellt werden.
Methodik: Im Rahmen der Studie wurden 50-jährige Frauen aus Westfalen-Lippe postalisch zu 2 Zeitpunkten zum Mammografie-Screening befragt. Die Identifikation der türkischstämmigen Frauen in der Kontaktierungsdatenbank erfolgte mittels eines Namensalgorithmus und wurde bezüglich möglicher Unterschiede bei der Stichprobenbereinigung und dem Antwortverhalten im Vergleich zu nicht-türkischen Frauen untersucht.
Ergebnisse: Frauen mit türkischem Migrationshintergrund waren signifikant häufiger unbekannt verzogen (4,6 vs. 1,7%) und antworteten seltener auf die Befragung (erste Befragung: 14,3 vs. 35,9%; zweite Befragung: 70,7 vs. 85,6%).
Schlussfolgerung: Bei Einladungen zu Gesundheitsleistungen oder der Rekrutierung von türkischen Migrantinnen für Studien müssen Unterschiede in Adressaktualität und Antwortbereitschaft berücksichtigt werden.
Development of formulae for estimating amylose content and resistant starch content based on the pasting properties measured by RVA of Japonica polished rice and starch
Authors: Nakamura Sumiko , Katsura Junji , Kato Kiyoko , Ohtsubo Ken’ichi 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
We searched for the easy and simple method to measure the novel indicators which reflect not only AAC, but also (RS) based on pasting properties using RVA. Novel indexes such as SB/Con and Max/Fin (Maximum viscosity/Minimum viscosity) ratios had a very high correlation with proportion of intermediate and long chains of amylopectin; Fb1+2+3 (DP ≧ 13). In Japonica polished rice, estimation formulae for AAC and RS content were developed using novel indexes based on pasting properties by RVA, and these equations showed determination coefficients of 0.89 and 0.80 for calibration and 0.71 and 0.75 for validation test. We developed the estimation formulae for AAC and RS content for Japonica starch samples. These equations showed determination coefficients of 0.86 and 1.00 for calibration and 0.76 and 0.83 for validation test, which showed that these equations can be applied to the unknown rice samples.
On mapping theorems for numerical range
Authors: Klaja Hubert , Mashreghi Javad , Ransford Thomas 
Published: September 2015

Let

T
T

be an operator on a Hilbert space

H
H

with numerical radius

w
(
T
)
≤
1

w(T)\le 1

. According to a theorem of Berger and Stampfli, if

f
f

is a function in the disk algebra such that

f
(
0
)
=
0

f(0)=0

, then

w
(
f
(
T
)
)
≤
‖
f

‖
∞

w(f(T))\le \|f\|_\infty

. We give a new and elementary proof of this result using finite Blaschke products.

A well-known result relating numerical radius and norm says

‖
T
‖
≤
2
w
(
T
)

\|T\| \leq 2w(T)

. We obtain a local improvement of this estimate, namely, if

w
(
T
)
≤
1

w(T)\le 1

, then
\[

‖
T
x

‖
2

≤
2
+
2

1
−

|

⟨
T
x
,
x
⟩

|

2

(
x
∈
H
,

‖
x
‖
≤
1
)
.

\|Tx\|^2\le 2+2\sqrt {1-|\langle Tx,x\rangle |^2} \qquad (x\in H,~\|x\|\le 1).

\]
Using this refinement, we give a simplified proof of Drury’s teardrop theorem, which extends the Berger–Stampfli theorem to the case

f
(
0
)
≠
0

f(0)\ne 0

.
Classical plays
Authors: Wells Stanley 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Shakespeare’s grammar school education gave him a thorough grounding in Latin, and possibly some Greek, and in the writings of classical authors. He drew on and developed this knowledge at every stage of his career, most conspicuously in the remarkably diverse tragedies and other plays in which he dramatized Greek and Roman history. ‘Classical plays’ first considers Titus Andronicus and then Julius Caesar, which he wrote seven or so years later. It also discusses Troilus and Cressida, Timon of Athens, and his last two classical plays Coriolanus and Antony and Cleopatra for which he drew far more extensively on Plutarch.