bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Empowering Research With the American Heart Association Get With The Guidelines Registries Through Integration of a Database and Research Tools
Authors: Beon Chandler , Wang Lanjing , Manchanda Vihaan , Mallya Pratheek , Hong Haoyun , Picotte Holly , Thomas Kathie , Hall Jennifer L. , Zhao Juan , Feng Xue 
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:
The American Heart Association’s Get With The Guidelines (GWTG) has emerged as a vital resource in advancing the standards and practices of inpatient care across stroke, heart failure, coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation, and resuscitation focus areas. The GWTG registry data have also created new opportunities for secondary use of real-world clinical data in biomedical research. Our goal was to implement a scalable database with an integrated user interface (UI) to improve GWTG data management and accessibility.

METHODS:
The curation of registry data begins by going through a data processing and quality control pipeline programmed in Python. This pipeline includes data cleaning and record exclusion, variable derivation and unit harmonization, limited data set preparation, and documentation generation of the registry data. The database was built using PostgreSQL, and integrations between the database and the UI were built using the Django Web Framework in Python. Smaller subsets of data were created using SQLite database files for distribution purposes. Use cases of these tools are provided in the article.

RESULTS:
We implemented an automated data curation pipeline, centralized database, and UI application for the American Heart Association GWTG registry data. The database and the UI are accessible through a Precision Medicine Platform workspace. As of March 2024, the database contains over 13.2 million cleaned GWTG patient records. The SQLite subsets benefit researchers by optimizing data extraction and manipulation using Structured Query Language. The UI improves accessibility for nontechnical researchers by presenting data in a user-friendly tabular format with intuitive filtering options.

CONCLUSIONS:
With the implementation of the GWTG database and UI application, we addressed data management and accessibility concerns despite its growing scale. We have launched tools to provide streamlined access and accessibility of GWTG registry data to all researchers, regardless of familiarity or experience in coding.
Relationship of Subendocardial Perfusion to Myocardial Injury, Cardiac Structure, and Clinical Outcomes Among Patients With Hypertension
Authors: Xu Xiaolei , Divakaran Sanjay , Weber Brittany N. , Hainer Jon , Laychak Shelby S. , Auer Benjamin , Kijewski Marie Foley , Blankstein Ron , Dorbala Sharmila , Trinquart Ludovic , Slomka Piotr J. , Zhang Li , Brown Jenifer M. , Di Carli Marcelo F. 
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:
Coronary microvascular dysfunction has been implicated in the development of hypertensive heart disease and heart failure, with subendocardial ischemia identified as a driver of sustained myocardial injury and fibrosis. We aimed to evaluate the relationships of subendocardial perfusion with cardiac injury, structure, and a composite of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events consisting of death, heart failure hospitalization, myocardial infarction, and stroke.

METHODS:

Layer-specific blood flow and myocardial flow reserve (MFR; stress/rest myocardial blood flow) were assessed by
13
N-ammonia perfusion positron emission tomography in consecutive patients with hypertension without flow-limiting coronary artery disease (summed stress score <3) imaged at Brigham and Women’s Hospital (Boston, MA) from 2015 to 2021. In this post hoc observational study, biomarkers, echocardiographic parameters, and longitudinal clinical outcomes were compared by tertiles of subendocardial MFR (MFR
subendo
).

RESULTS:

Among 358 patients, the mean age was 70.6±12.0 years, and 53.4% were male. The median MFR
subendo
was 2.57 (interquartile range, 2.08–3.10), and lower MFR
subendo
was associated with older age, diabetes, lower renal function, greater coronary calcium burden, and higher systolic blood pressure (
P
<0.05 for all). In cross-sectional multivariable regression analyses, the lowest tertile of MFR
subendo
was associated with myocardial injury and with greater left ventricular wall thickness and volumes compared with the highest tertile. Relative to the highest tertile, low MFR
subendo
was independently associated with an increased rate of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.99 [95% CI, 1.39–6.44];
P
=0.005) and heart failure hospitalization (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.76 [95% CI, 1.04–7.32;
P
=0.042) over 1.1 (interquartile range, 0.6–2.8) years median follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS:

Among patients with hypertension without flow-limiting coronary artery disease, impaired MFR
subendo
was associated with cardiovascular risk factors, elevated cardiac biomarkers, cardiac structure, and clinical events.
Effects of Sedentary Behavior Reduction on Blood Pressure in Desk Workers: Results From the RESET-BP Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Barone Gibbs Bethany , Perera Subashan , Huber Kimberly A. , Paley Joshua L. , Conroy Molly B. , Jakicic John M. , Muldoon Matthew F. 
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:
Sedentary behavior (SB) is observationally associated with cardiovascular disease risk. However, randomized clinical trials testing causation are limited. We hypothesized that reducing SB would decrease blood pressure (BP) and pulse wave velocity (PWV) in sedentary adults.

METHODS:
This parallel-arm, 3-month randomized clinical trial recruited desk workers, age 18 to 65 years, with systolic BP 120 to 159 or diastolic BP (DBP) 80 to 99 mm Hg, off antihypertensive medications, and reporting <150 min/wk of moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity. Participants were randomized to a SB reduction intervention or a no-contact control group. The intervention sought to replace 2 to 4 h/d of SB with standing and stepping through coaching, a wrist-worn activity prompter, and a sit–stand desk. SB and physical activity were measured with a thigh-worn accelerometer and quantified during all waking hours and separately during work and nonwork times. Clinic-based resting systolic BP (primary outcome) and DBP, 24-hour ambulatory BP, and PWV were assessed by blinded technicians at baseline and 3 months.

RESULTS:

Participants (n=271) had a mean age of 45 years and systolic BP/DBP 129/83 mm Hg. Compared with controls, intervention participants reduced SB (−1.15±0.17 h/d), increased standing (0.94±0.14 h/d), and increased stepping (5.4±2.4 min/d; all
P
<0.05). SB and activity changes mainly occurred during work time and were below the goal. The intervention did not reduce BP or PWV in the intervention group compared with controls. Between-group differences in resting systolic BP and DBP changes were −0.22±0.90 (
P
=0.808) and 0.13±0.61 mm Hg (
P
=0.827), respectively. The findings were similarly null for ambulatory BP and PWV. Decreases in work-time SB were associated with favorable reductions in resting DBP (r=0.15,
P
=0.017). Contrary to our hypotheses, reductions in work-time SB (r=−0.19,
P
=0.006) and increases in work-time standing (r=0.17,
P
=0.011) were associated with unfavorable increases in carotid-femoral PWV. As expected, increases in nonwork-time standing were favorably associated with carotid-femoral PWV (r=−0.14,
P
=0.038).

CONCLUSIONS:
A 3-month intervention that decreased SB and increased standing by ≈1 hour during the work day was not effective for reducing BP. Future directions include examining effects of interventions reducing SB through activity other than work-time standing and clarifying association between standing and PWV in opposite directions for work and nonwork time.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03307343.
Evolutionary Sparsity Regularisation-Based Feature Selection for Binary Classification
Authors: Nguyen Bach Hoai , Xue Bing , Zhang Mengjie 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In classification, feature selection is an essential preprocessing step that selects a small subset of features to improve classification performance. Existing feature selection approaches can be divided into three main approaches: wrapper approaches, filter approaches, and embedded approaches. In comparison with the two other approaches, embedded approaches usually have better trade-off between classification performance and computation time. One of the most well-known embedded approaches is sparsity regularisation-based feature selection which generates sparse solutions for feature selection. Despite its good performance, sparsity regularisation-based feature selection outputs only a feature ranking which requires the number of selected features to be predefined. More importantly, the ranking mechanism introduces a risk of ignoring feature interactions which leads to the fact that many top-ranked but redundant features are selected. This work addresses the above problems by proposing a new representation that considers the interactions between features and can automatically determine an appropriate number of selected features. The proposed representation is used in a differential evolutionary (DE) algorithm to optimise the feature subset. In addition, a novel initialisation mechanism is proposed to let DE consider various numbers of selected features at the beginning. The proposed algorithm is examined on both synthetic and real-world datasets. The results on the synthetic dataset show that the proposed algorithm can select complementary features while existing sparsity regularisation-based feature selection algorithms are at risk of selecting redundant features. The results on real-world datasets show that the proposed algorithm achieves better classification performance than well-known wrapper, filter, and embedded approaches. The algorithm is also as efficient as filter feature selection approaches.
Rain Microphysics Associated with Continental, Oceanic, and Orographic Regions of India during Wet and Dry Spells
Authors: Radhakrishna Basivi , Saikranthi Kadiri , Rao Thota Narayana 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The dominant microphysical processes responsible for differences in the mass-weighted mean diameter (Dm) of deep and shallow rain during wet and dry spells of southwest monsoon (SWM) and northeast monsoon (NEM) over continental, oceanic, and orographic regions of India are inferred from Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) dual-frequency precipitation radar (DPR) measurements made between 2014 and 2022. The deep precipitating systems’ Dm shows oceanic and continental nature during wet and dry spells of SWM and NEM. The dry spells of SWM over northwest India, all the spells except the wet spells of NEM over southeast peninsular India, and dry spells of NEM over northeast India show continental rain clusters and others show maritime rain characteristics. Mean Dm of deep systems at various rain-rate intervals shows marked intraseasonal variations over northwest India, central India, and foothills of the Himalayas during SWM and over the Western Ghats, southeast peninsular India, and northeast India during the NEM. Though Dm is larger in SWM than in NEM at seasonal scale, the dry spells of NEM show largest Dm than in other spells in SWM and NEM. The observed near-surface Dm differences between the wet and dry spells of SWM and NEM are seen from 1.5 km below the melting layer and are magnified during the descent of raindrops by the microphysical processes over all the regions except for southeast peninsular India and Myanmar coast during the SWM dry spells. Below the melting layer, collision–coalescence and breakup processes are considerable in the deep precipitating systems, and only the collision–coalescence process (>95%) dominates in shallow rain over all regions.

Significance Statement
Rainfall exhibits considerable intraseasonal variations triggering wet (or active) and dry (or break) spells during both southwest monsoon (SWM) and northeast monsoon (NEM). Significant progress has been made in understanding the wet and dry spells characteristics, while least explored is the raindrop size distribution (DSD) characteristics, which is the fundamental property of precipitation. At seasonal scale, DSDs show numerous smaller raindrops in NEM than in SWM; contrastingly, at intraseasonal time scales, abundant bigger raindrops are found in NEM dry spells than in SWM spells. At the seasonal scale, DSD characteristics show maritime precipitation features over India; however, SWM dry spells over northwest India, all the spells except the NEM wet spells over southeast peninsular India, NEM dry spells over northeast India show continental and others indicate maritime rain characteristics.
Sources of Tropical Cyclone Track Bifurcation in the COAMPS-TC and GFS Ensembles
Authors: Prince Kevin C. , Moskaitis Jonathan R. , Doyle James D. , Komaromi William A. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
As tropical cyclone (TC) official and model track forecasts improve, cases still exist where model position errors and uncertainty are large. The goal of this study is to identify forecast track bifurcations in both the Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System–tropical cyclone (COAMPS-TC) ensemble and the Global Ensemble Forecast System (GEFS), with subsequent analyses focusing on the comparison of the synoptic environments of the bifurcating cases between the ensembles. Thirty-three bifurcating cases are identified in the COAMPS-TC ensemble, while 38 are identified in the GEFS over a time period spanning the 2020–22 TC seasons in the Northern Hemisphere. For these bifurcating cases, early lead time position of an ensemble member relative to the ensemble mean shows little correlation to the 72-h member’s position relative to the ensemble mean. Rather, the TC’s 72-h forecast position relative to the ensemble mean shows high sensitivity to the tropospheric deep-layer steering flow at early lead times, particularly in the COAMPS-TC ensemble. For both ensembles, a region of weak flow is located near the TCs at the forecast initial time. Minor differences in the steering flow at early lead times induced by variations in the synoptic-scale environment cause the TC’s position relative to the col to vary across the ensemble members, resulting in a bifurcation. Differences in the results for the COAMPS-TC ensemble and GEFS are thought to be driven, in part, by the fact that the COAMPS-TC ensemble utilizes flow-independent initial-state perturbations, while the perturbations in the GEFS are flow dependent.
Validity of Energy Ladder Hypothesis through Types of Residence: An Ordered Probit Analysis for Indian Households
Authors: Kumar Rahul 
Published: August 2024

This study attempts to examine the role of the nature of residence of households as a determinant of their primary cooking fuel choices in India. Using an ordered probit model, we highlight the significance of the economic and social status of the households in driving their primary cooking fuel choices. This study has used India Residential Energy Survey (IRES) 2020 data for the analysis. Our findings suggest that as households shift from kutcha houses to semi-pucca houses or from semi-pucca houses to pucca houses, the probability of using clean fuel, such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and electricity, increases by 8.76 per cent. We also find that household income level, educational attainment of primary earners and members and household location have a positive association with cleaner fuel consumption, whereas household size exerts a negative influence on modern modes of fuel usage. Our study has significant policy implications for government agencies and policymakers in implementing initiatives that encourage infrastructure and household welfare programmes. These policies can have positive spillover effects on population health and environmental improvement through cleaner fuel consumption. JEL Codes: C25, C35, D12, Q40
Autonomic Changes Associated with Clinical Depression as Assessed by Short-term Heart Rate Variability (HRV): A Comparative Study
Authors: Shanmugavaradharajan Vijayabaskaran , Ravikumar Richu , Raghav B.  , Anand I.  
Published: August 2024

Background: In the present scenario, mental health issues have become a global burden. Among all the mental disorders, depression is one of the most disabling and has been a known cardiovascular risk. Autonomic attenuation is put forth as the cause. The literature available on the connection between clinical depression and cardiac autonomic attenuation is limited and inconclusive. Hence, to provide more clarity, with the aid of short-term heart rate variability (HRV), autonomic changes in clinically depressed individuals were assessed. Methods: Based on the set criteria, we recruited 82 subjects from the hospital’s outpatient department after ethical approval. Among them, 41 were depressed individuals, and the rest were non-depressed healthy controls. Depressed individuals were categorized based on their Hamilton scores. Both the groups were subjected to short-term HRV, the measures obtained were compared, and the HRV measures of the depressed individuals were correlated with their Hamilton scores. Results: HRV measures that reflect cardiovagal activity were found to be significantly less ( p = .026) in the depressed individuals. No gender-influenced differences were observed among the depressed. Groups with different levels of depression also revealed no significant differences in their autonomic activity. Hamilton scores of the depressed individuals exhibited no significant correlation with their HRV parameters. Conclusion: Based on our HRV findings, we conclude that the depressed individuals have reduced cardiovagal activity.
Multiplanar reconstructions of the thoracic spine in a photon counting dual-source CT scanner: comparison to EID-CT
Authors: Bette Stefanie J , Braun Franziska M , Luitjens Jan H , Kaufmann David , Decker Josua , Becker Judith , Scheurig-Muenkler Christian , Kroencke Thomas J , Schwarz Florian 
Published: August 2024

Background Photon-counting detector computed tomography (PCD-CT) is a groundbreaking technology with promising results for visualization of small bone structures. Purpose To analyze the delineation of the thoracic spine in multiplanar reconstructions (MPR) on PCD-CT compared to energy-integrating detector (EID)-CT. Material and Methods Two euthanized mice were examined using different scanners: (i) 20-slice EID-CT and (ii) dual-source PCD-CT at various CTDIVol values. Readers evaluated the thoracic spine and selected series with best visualization among signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)-matched pairs. Results SNR was significantly higher in PCD-CT reconstructions (Br68) and lower in Hr98 reconstructions compared to EID-CT. Bone detail visualization was superior in PCD-CT (especially in Hr98 reconstructions) compared to EID-CT. Conclusion MPR on a PCD-CT had a higher SNR and better bone detail visualization even at lower radiation doses compared to EID-CT. PCD-CT with bone reconstructions showed the best delineation of small bone structures and might be considered in clinical routine.
Effect of Preoperative Lipidemic Control on Retear Rates After Rotator Cuff Repair in Patients With Hyperlipidemia
Authors: Kim Myung-Seo , Jang Gi-Young , Cho Nam-Su 
Published: August 2024

Background: In patients with hyperlipidemia, the risk of retear increases after rotator cuff repair (RCR). In particular, it has been reported that preoperative low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level affects cuff integrity. However, there are no studies assessing whether lipidemic control affects cuff healing. Purpose: To evaluate the effect of preoperative lipidemic control on cuff integrity after arthroscopic RCR across cardiovascular disease risk groups in patients with hyperlipidemia. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: The authors retrospectively reviewed the charts of patients with hyperlipidemia who underwent arthroscopic double-row suture bridge RCR between 2014 and 2019. The included patients had LDL-C tested within 1 month before surgery. Magnetic resonance imaging was conducted 6 months after surgery to evaluate the integrity of the repaired cuff tendon. Patients were divided into groups of low, moderate, high, and very high risk according to the 4th Korean Dyslipidemia Guidelines. On the basis of the target LDL-C set in each risk group, patients were categorized into 2 groups: group C (controlled hyperlipidemia, less than target LDL-C) and group U (uncontrolled hyperlipidemia, target LDL-C or greater). The correlation between serum lipid profile, lipidemic control, and post-RCR integrity was evaluated. Results: A total of 148 patients were analyzed, 51 in group U and 97 in group C. The retear rate was significantly higher in group U than in group C (23/51 [45.1%] vs 18/97 [18.6%], respectively; P = .001). The proportion of group U was significantly higher in the retear group than in the healing group (56.1% vs 26.2%; P = .001). In addition, the proportions of patients with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (DM) (19.5% vs 3.7%; P = .002) and mediolateral (2.6 ± 1.2 cm vs 1.7 ± 1.1 cm; P < .001) and anteroposterior (2.2 ± 1.1 cm vs 1.6 ± 0.8 cm; P = .003) tear sizes were significantly different between the retear and healing groups, respectively. No significant difference in serum lipid profile, including LDL-C level (119.6 ± 31.3 vs 116.7 ± 37.2; P = .650), was observed between the retear and healing groups. Multivariate regression analysis identified uncontrolled hyperlipidemia (OR, 4.005; P = .001), uncontrolled DM (OR, 5.096; P = .022), and mediolateral tear size (OR, 1.764; P = .002) as independent risk factors for retear. The 2.0-cm mediolateral size cutoff and the 3 independent risk factors had significant associations with retear. Conclusion: Poor preoperative lipidemic control was significantly associated with poor healing after RCR. In addition to large mediolateral tear size, uncontrolled hyperlipidemia and DM were significant risk factors for retear. Moreover, poor lipidemic control compared with the recommended target level before surgery was more correlated with an increased retear rate than a preoperative LDL-C level.
Application of decalcified bone matrix in Salmon bone for tibial defect repair in rat model
Authors: Wu Tong , Han Lei , Zhu Ye , Zeng Xiaojun , Kang Yating , Zheng Shuwen , Wang Zhenhai , Wang Jianping , Gao Yonglin 
Published: August 2024

Aim: The optimal preparation conditions of Salmon decalcified bone matrix (S-DBM) were explored, and the properties of S-DBM bone particles and bone powder were studied respectively. The therapeutic effect of S-DBM on tibial defect in female Sprague Dawley (SD) rats was preliminarily verified. Methods: This study assessed the structural and functional similarities of Salmon bone DBM (S-DBM). The biocompatibility assessment was conducted using both in vivo and in vitro experiments, establishing an animal model featuring tibial defects in rats and on the L929 cell line, respectively. The control group, bovine DBM (bDBM), was compared to the S-DBM-treated tibial defect rats. Imaging and histology were used to study implant material changes, defect healing, osteoinductive repair, and degradation. Results: The findings of our study indicate that S-DBM exhibits favorable repairing effects on bone defects, along with desirable physicochemical characteristics, safety, and osteogenic activity. Conclusions: The S-DBM holds significant potential as a medical biomaterial for treating bone defects, effectively fulfilling the clinical demands for materials used in bone tissue repair engineering.