bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emergent task allocation and incentives: an agent-based model
Authors: Leitner Stephan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In recent times, organizations have increasingly adopted structures in which decision making is distributed rather than centralized. This approach often leads to task allocation emerging from the bottom up, moving away from strict top-down control. This shift raises a key question: How can we guide this emergent task allocation to form an effective organizational structure? To address this question, this paper introduces a model of an organization where task assignment is influenced by agents acting based on either long-term or short-term motivations, facilitating a bottom-up approach. The model incorporates an incentive mechanism designed to steer the emergent task allocation process, offering rewards that range from group-based to individual-focused. The analysis reveals that when task allocation is driven by short-term objectives and aligned with specific incentive systems, it leads to improved organizational performance compared to traditional, top-down organizational designs. Furthermore, the findings suggest that the presence of group-based rewards reduces the necessity of mirroring, i.e., for a precise matching of the organizational structure to task characteristics.
Cystic vestibular schwannoma – a subgroup analysis from a comparative study between radiosurgery and microsurgery
Authors: Wang Sophie Shih-Yüng , Rizk Ahmed , Ebner Florian H. , van Eck Albertus , Naros Georgios , Horstmann Gerhard , Tatagiba Marcos 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSome vestibular schwannoma (VS) show cystic morphology. It is known that these cystic VS bear different risk profiles compared to solid VS in surgical treatment. Still, there has not been a direct comparative study comparing both SRS and SURGERY effectiveness in cystic VS. This retrospective bi-center cohort study aims to analyze the management of cystic VS compared to solid VS in a dual center study with both microsurgery (SURGERY) and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). Cystic morphology was defined as presence of any T2-hyperintense and Gadolinium-contrast-negative cyst of any size in the pre-interventional MRI. A matched subgroup analysis was carried out by determining a subgroup of matched SURGERY-treated solid VS and SRS-treated solid VS. Functional status, and post-interventional tumor volume size was then compared. From 2005 to 2011, N = 901 patients with primary and solitary VS were treated in both study sites. Of these, 6% showed cystic morphology. The incidence of cystic VS increased with tumor size: 1.75% in Koos I, 4.07% in Koos II, 4.84% in Koos III, and the highest incidence with 15.43% in Koos IV. Shunt-Dependency was significantly more often in cystic VS compared to solid VS (p = 0.024) and patients with cystic VS presented with significantly worse Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) compared to solid VS (p < 0.001). The rate of GTR was 87% in cystic VS and therefore significantly lower, compared to 96% in solid VS (p = 0.037). The incidence of dynamic volume change (decrease and increase) after SRS was significantly more common in cystic VS compared to the matched solid VS (p = 0.042). The incidence of tumor progression with SRS in cystic VS was 25%. When comparing EOR in the SURGERY-treated cystic to solid VS, the rate for tumor recurrence was significantly lower in GTR with 4% compared to STR with 50% (p = 0.042). Tumor control in cystic VS is superior in SURGERY, when treated with a high extent of resection grade, compared to SRS. Therapeutic response of SRS was worse in cystic compared to solid VS. However, when cystic VS was treated surgically, the rate of GTR is lower compared to the overall, and solid VS cohort. The significantly higher number of patients with relevant post-operative facial palsy in cystic VS is accredited to the increased tumor size not its sole cystic morphology. Cystic VS should be surgically treated in specialized centers.
The Evolution of the Bell Notion of Beable: From Bohr to Primitive Ontology
Authors: Laudisa Federico 
Published: June 2024

AbstractJohn S. Bell introduced the notion of beable, as opposed to the standard notion of observable, in order to emphasize the need for an unambiguous formulation of quantum mechanics. In the paper I show that Bell formulated in fact two different theories of beables. The first is somehow reminiscent of the Bohr views on quantum mechanics but, at the same time, is curiously adopted by Bell as a critical tool against the Copenhagen interpretation, whereas the second, more mature formulation was among the sources of inspiration of the so-called Primitive Ontology (PO) approach to quantum mechanics, an approach inspired to scientific realism. In the first part of the paper it is argued that, contrary to the Bell wishes, the first formulation of the theory fails to be an effective recipe for addressing the ambiguity underlying the standard formulation of quantum mechanics, whereas it is only the second formulation that successfully paves the way to the PO approach. In the second part, I consider how the distinction between the two formulations of the Bell theory of beables fares vis-a-vis the complex relationship between the theory of beables and the details of the PO approach.
P-wave Pairing Near a Spin-Split Josephson Junction
Authors: Seoane Souto Rubén , Kuzmanovski Dushko , Sardinero Ignacio , Burset Pablo , Balatsky Alexander V. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSuperconductivity and magnetism are competing effects that can coexist in certain regimes. Their co-existence leads to unexpected new behaviors that include the onset of exotic electron pair mechanisms and topological phases. In this work, we study the properties of a Josephson junction between two spin-split superconductors. The spin-splitting in the superconductors can arise from either the coupling to a ferromagnetic material or an external magnetic field. The properties of the junction are dominated by the Andreev bound states that are also split. One of these states can cross the superconductor’s Fermi level, leading to a ground-state transition characterized by a suppressed supercurrent. We interpret the supercurrent blockade as coming from a dominance of p-wave pairing close to the junction, where the electrons are at both sides. To support this interpretation, we analyze the different pairing channels and show that p-wave pairing is favored in the case where the magnetization of the two superconductors is parallel and suppressed in the anti-parallel case. We also analyze the noise spectrum that shows signatures of the ground-state transition in the form of an elevated zero-frequency noise.
Let’s walk! The fallacy of urban first- and last-mile public transport
Authors: Rich Jeppe 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn recent years, there has been an upsurge in intelligent mobility solutions that provide door-to-door services. Although these services offer convenience to certain individuals, it is frequently overlooked that they can lead to welfare losses when accounting for the reduced health benefits that result from reduced physical activity. In this paper, we derive a welfare function of introducing first- and last-mile public transport services. By comparing possible health gains from walking with corresponding accessibility losses, we identify the distance boundaries under which the service fails to be socially beneficial. The results are based on a simulation study and draw on further insights from a recent agent-based model from Copenhagen focusing on first- and last-mile public transport. Although the model is intentionally stylized and may not apply universally to all scenarios featuring diverse population densities, demographic profiles, or transport network layouts, the fundamental conclusion presented in the paper is that first-mile services have minimal welfare impact for average trip distances below 1 km, appears robust even under conservative assumptions. In this case, the probability of failure is almost 100% for any realistic parametrization. This finding implies that planners and researchers should focus on the design of main transit networks and the access and egress of active modes to and from the stations. In particular, door-to-door services covering shorter distances should not be the priority of public funding unless in particular situations or contexts.
Distributed Petri nets for model-driven verifiable robotic applications in ROS
Authors: Ebert Sebastian , Mey Johannes , Schöne René , Götz Sebastian , Aßmann Uwe 
Published: June 2024

AbstractVerifying industrial robotic systems is a complex task because those systems are distributed and solely defined by their implementation instead of models of the system to be verified. Some technologies mitigate parts of this problem, e.g., robotic middleware such as the Robotic Operating System (ROS) or concrete solutions such as automata-based specification of robot behavior. However, they all lack the required modeling depth to describe the structure, behavior, and communication of the system. We introduce an improved version of our previous model-driven approach based on Petri nets, integrating these three aspects of ROS-based systems. Using a formal modeling language enables verification of the described system and the generation of complete system parts in the form of ROS nodes. This reduces testing effort because the specification of component workflows and interfaces remains formally proven, while only changed implementations have to be revalidated. We extended our previous approach with novel model transformations, which considerably improved our approach’s performance and memory requirements. We evaluate our approach in a case study involving multiple industrial robotic arms and show that the structure of and communication between ROS nodes can be described and verified.
Background removal for debiasing computer-aided cytological diagnosis
Authors: Takeda Keita , Sakai Tomoya , Mitate Eiji 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTo address the background-bias problem in computer-aided cytology caused by microscopic slide deterioration, this article proposes a deep learning approach for cell segmentation and background removal without requiring cell annotation. A U-Net-based model was trained to separate cells from the background in an unsupervised manner by leveraging the redundancy of the background and the sparsity of cells in liquid-based cytology (LBC) images. The experimental results demonstrate that the U-Net-based model trained on a small set of cytology images can exclude background features and accurately segment cells. This capability is beneficial for debiasing in the detection and classification of the cells of interest in oral LBC. Slide deterioration can significantly affect deep learning-based cell classification. Our proposed method effectively removes background features at no cost of cell annotation, thereby enabling accurate cytological diagnosis through the deep learning of microscopic slide images.
Challenges and Opportunities in Big Data Science to Address Health Inequities and Focus the HIV Response
Authors: Rucinski Katherine , Knight Jesse , Willis Kalai , Wang Linwei , Rao Amrita , Roach Mary Anne , Phaswana-Mafuya Refilwe , Bao Le , Thiam Safiatou , Arimi Peter , Mishra Sharmistha , Baral Stefan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Big Data Science can be used to pragmatically guide the allocation of resources within the context of national HIV programs and inform priorities for intervention. In this review, we discuss the importance of grounding Big Data Science in the principles of equity and social justice to optimize the efficiency and effectiveness of the global HIV response.

Recent Findings
Social, ethical, and legal considerations of Big Data Science have been identified in the context of HIV research. However, efforts to mitigate these challenges have been limited. Consequences include disciplinary silos within the field of HIV, a lack of meaningful engagement and ownership with and by communities, and potential misinterpretation or misappropriation of analyses that could further exacerbate health inequities.

Summary
Big Data Science can support the HIV response by helping to identify gaps in previously undiscovered or understudied pathways to HIV acquisition and onward transmission, including the consequences for health outcomes and associated comorbidities. However, in the absence of a guiding framework for equity, alongside meaningful collaboration with communities through balanced partnerships, a reliance on big data could continue to reinforce inequities within and across marginalized populations.
Acute Skeletal Muscle Wasting is Associated with Prolonged Hospital Stay in Critical Illness with Brain Injury
Authors: Kangalgil Melda , Ulusoy Hülya , Ayaz Sekine 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Acute muscle wasting is common in critically ill patients, and this can lead to unfavorable clinical outcomes. The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with muscle wasting and to investigate the association between skeletal muscle wasting and prolonged hospital stay in critically ill patients with acute brain injury.

Methods
This single-center prospective observational study was conducted in critically ill patients with acute brain injury who stayed in the intensive care unit for at least 1 week. The rectus femoris cross-sectional area was measured via ultrasound at baseline and a week after the first assessment. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors that predicted prolonged hospital stay.

Results
A total of 86 patients were included in the study. Their mean age was 49.4 ± 16.9 years, 57% were male, and 46.5% had an admission diagnosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage. The percentage change in the rectus femoris cross-sectional area was 15.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] − 19.8% to − 12.0%; p < 0.001), and 57% of all patients had acute muscle wasting. According to the univariate analysis, there was a significant association between prolonged hospital stay and acute muscle wasting (odds ratio [OR] 3.677; 95% CI 1.487–9.043; p = 0.005), mechanical ventilation status (OR 3.600; 95% CI 1.455–8.904; p = 0.006), and Glasgow Coma Scale score (OR 0.888; 95% CI 0.808–0.976; p = 0.014) at intensive care unit admission. The multivariate analysis demonstrated that acute muscle wasting (OR 3.449; 95% CI 1.344–8.853; p = 0.010) was an independent risk factor for prolonged hospital stay.

Conclusions
There was considerable muscle wasting in critically ill patients with brain injuries over a 1-week period. Acute muscle wasting was associated with prolonged hospital stay in critically ill patients with acute brain injury.
Arterial Spin Labeling Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Acute Disorders of Consciousness in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Grønlund Elisabeth Waldemar , Lindberg Ulrich , Fisher Patrick M. , Othman Marwan H. , Amiri Moshgan , Sølling Christine , Nielsen Rune Damgaard , Capion Tenna , Ciochon Urszula Maria , Hauerberg John , Sigurdsson Sigurdur Thor , Thomsen Gerda , Knudsen Gitte Moos , Kjaergaard Jesper , Larsen Vibeke Andrée , Møller Kirsten , Hansen Adam Espe , Kondziella Daniel 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
To investigate patients with disorders of consciousness (DoC) for residual awareness, guidelines recommend quantifying glucose brain metabolism using positron emission tomography. However, this is not feasible in the intensive care unit (ICU). Cerebral blood flow (CBF) assessed by arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging (ASL-MRI) could serve as a proxy for brain metabolism and reflect consciousness levels in acute DoC. We hypothesized that ASL-MRI would show compromised CBF in coma and unresponsive wakefulness states (UWS) but relatively preserved CBF in minimally conscious states (MCS) or better.

Methods
We consecutively enrolled ICU patients with acute DoC and categorized them as being clinically unresponsive (i.e., coma or UWS [≤ UWS]) or low responsive (i.e., MCS or better [≥ MCS]). ASL-MRI was then acquired on 1.5 T or 3 T. Healthy controls were investigated with both 1.5 T and 3 T ASL-MRI.

Results
We obtained 84 ASL-MRI scans from 59 participants, comprising 36 scans from 35 patients (11 women [31.4%]; median age 56 years, range 18–82 years; 24 ≤ UWS patients, 12 ≥ MCS patients; 32 nontraumatic brain injuries) and 48 scans from 24 healthy controls (12 women [50%]; median age 50 years, range 21–77 years). In linear mixed-effects models of whole-brain cortical CBF, patients had 16.2 mL/100 g/min lower CBF than healthy controls (p = 0.0041). However, ASL-MRI was unable to discriminate between ≤ UWS and ≥ MCS patients (whole-brain cortical CBF: p = 0.33; best hemisphere cortical CBF: p = 0.41). Numerical differences of regional CBF in the thalamus, amygdala, and brainstem in the two patient groups were statistically nonsignificant.

Conclusions
CBF measurement in ICU patients using ASL-MRI is feasible but cannot distinguish between the lower and the upper ends of the acute DoC spectrum. We suggest that pilot testing of diagnostic interventions at the extremes of this spectrum is a time-efficient approach in the continued quest to develop DoC neuroimaging markers in the ICU.
Underneath the Sheets: a Cross-Cultural Cluster Analysis of Older Adults’ Patterns of Aging and Sexual Well-Being in Portugal and Mexico
Authors: von Humboldt Sofia , Ruvalcaba Neyda Ma. Mendoza , Low Gail , Leal Isabel 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study aims to assess the patterns of life satisfaction with life (SwL), sexual satisfaction, and adjustment to aging (AtA), of older adults in Mexico and Portugal. A sample of 658 older adults, aged 65 years-old and older, from Mexico and Portugal were recruited for this cross-cultural study. The following measures were applied: (a) Adjustment to Aging Scale (ATAS); (b) Satisfaction with Life Scale (SwLS); (c) New Sexual Satisfaction Scale (NSSS); (d) Mini-Mental State Exam; and (e) Sociodemographic, health and lifestyle questionnaire. Clusters were identified and characterized by using K-means cluster analysis, encompassing SwL, AtA, and sexual satisfaction. Sexual well-being differences among clusters were analyzed with One-way ANOVAs. Findings indicated three clusters, which explained 76.4% (R-sq = 0.764) of the total variance: Cluster #1: “Moderately adjusted older adults” (n = 355, 53.9%), Cluster #2: “Moderately fulfilled older adults” (n = 265, 40.3%), and Cluster 3: “Well adjusted and satisfied older adults” (n = 38, 5.8%). Participants in Cluster #1 were mostly Mexican, with moderate levels of AtA and reduced sexual satisfaction and SwL. Conversely, Cluster #2 predominantly consisted of Portuguese participants with moderate sexual satisfaction and SwL, and lower levels of AtA. Participants from Cluster #3 were mostly Portuguese with high levels of AtA, sexual satisfaction, and SwL. This innovative study explored the intricate relationship between sexual well-being, the ability to adjust to aging, and overall SwL, in two different cultural contexts. Findings contributed to the understanding of the relationship between these three variables and for developing tailored future interventions and service planning with older adults in different cultures.
Examining the Psychometric Properties of the Family Affluence Scale in Norwegian Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children Surveys: Implications for Time Trend Analysis
Authors: Brook Martika Irene , Bøe Tormod , Samdal Oddrun , Urke Helga Bjørnøy , Larsen Torill Marie Bogsnes , Torsheim Torbjørn 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study assessed the applicability of the Family Affluence Scale II (FASII) for conducting time trend analysis within Norway's “Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children Study” (HBSC), spanning from 2002 to 2018. A dataset comprising 27,470 valid questionnaires was employed to assess the psychometric properties of the FASII with respect to validity and reliability for use at single- and multiple times points. The analytical approach encompassed a range of statistical techniques, including confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), multi-group CFA, polychoric correlation testing between FASII scores and perceived family wealth, a subjective measure of socioeconomic position (SEP), and an assessment of perceived family wealth and FASII scores across time. The results of the study revealed an overall good model fit in CFA and a positive correlation between FASII scores and perceived family wealth. However, the analysis uncovered measurement non-invariance across survey years, sex, and age groups. Measurement non-invariance hampers direct time-to-time comparisons of FASII scores, impeding the assessment of affluence development over time. Despite this limitation, FASII maintains its utility for ranking affluence and measuring health outcomes at single time points. As such, this study offers valuable insight into the suitability of FASII for time trend analysis within the Norwegian HBSC data and broader research on social inequality.
The Gauss Images of Complete Minimal Surfaces of Genus Zero of Finite Total Curvature
Authors: Kawakami Yu , Watanabe Mototsugu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis paper aims to present a systematic study on the Gauss images of complete minimal surfaces of genus 0 of finite total curvature in Euclidean 3-space and Euclidean 4-space. We focus on the number of omitted values and the total weight of the totally ramified values of their Gauss maps. In particular, we construct new complete minimal surfaces of finite total curvature whose Gauss maps have 2 omitted values and 1 totally ramified value of order 2, that is, the total weight of the totally ramified values of their Gauss maps are $$5/2\,(=2.5)$$

5
/
2

(
=
2.5
)

in Euclidean 3-space and Euclidean 4-space, respectively. Moreover we discuss several outstanding problems in this study.
The box-Behnken experimental approach of emerging contaminant-Ciprofloxacin antibiotic removal from aqueous solution using Kigelia Africana peel-activated carbon: optimization, kinetics, and isotherm studies
Authors: Renita A. Annam , Magesh N. , Rathi B. Senthil 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study examined the use of Kigelia Africana peel-activated carbon (KAP-AC) to remove ciprofloxacin (CIP) from aqueous solutions. To investigate the adsorption capacity, isotherm, and kinetic parameters of the adsorption process, batch adsorption experiments were conducted to test the effects of adsorbent dosage, time, pH, initial concentration of CIP, and temperature. The binding mechanism among KAP-AC and CIP was investigated using FTIR, XRD, and SEM. Models of the Langmuir adsorption isotherm (LAI), Freundlich adsorption isotherm (FAI), and Temkin adsorption isotherm (TAI) helped to clarify the adsorption process. Adsorption experiments were carried out to explain kinetic studies, such as the pseudo-first-order kinetic model (PFO-KM), pseudo-second-order kinetic model (PSO-KM), and intraparticle diffusion kinetic model (IPD-KM). The experimental results may be more accurately described by the FAI and PFO-KM. Additionally, response surface methodology (RSM), which is based on Box–Behnken (BB) surface statistical design, was used to investigate the impact of variables on the adsorption of CIP. Higher coefficients of correlation and p-value values, by BB design, were in excellent adaption with the ideal combination of process variables, indicating the suitability of the selected model for assessing the experimental data.