bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sunflower seed cake as reinforcing filler in thermoplastic composites
Authors: Ayrilmis Nadir , Kaymakci Alperen , Ozdemir Ferhat 
Published: November 2012

AbstractDimensional stability, mechanical properties, and melting and crystallization behavior of polypropylene composites filled with sunflower seed cake (SSC) were investigated. Injection molded composites were prepared from the SSC flour and polypropylene with and without maleic anhydride‐grafted polypropylene (MAPP) at 30, 40, 50, and 60 wt % contents of the SSC flour. Twenty‐eight days thickness swelling and water absorption values of the specimens increased by 43 and 56% as the filler content increased from 30 to 60 wt %, respectively. The flexural modulus of the polypropylene composites increased from 3157 to 4363 MPa as the SSC flour increased from 30 to 60 wt %. The maximum flexural strength 38.4 MPa was observed for 40 wt % SSC flour filled specimens. However, further increment in the SCC flour decreased the flexural strength to 31.4 MPa. The tensile strength of the specimens decreased from 22.5 to 14 MPa while the tensile modulus increased from 3023 to 3677 MPa as the SSC flour increased from 30 to 60 wt %. The dimensional stability and mechanical properties of the composites were significantly improved by the incorporation of the coupling agent (MAPP). The effect of the MAPP addition was more pronounced for the strength than for the modulus. The melting temperature and degree of crystallinity of the neat polypropylene decreased with increasing content of the SSC flour. The degree of crystallinity of filled composites considerably increased with the incorporation of the MAPP. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Synthesis and Anticonvulsant Properties of New N‐Mannich Bases Derived from 3,3‐Diphenyl‐ and 3‐Ethyl‐3‐methyl‐pyrrolidine‐2,5‐diones. Part III
Authors: Obniska Jolanta , Chlebek Iwona , Kamiński Krzysztof , Karolak‐Wojciechowska Janina 
Published: November 2012

AbstractTwenty‐four new N‐[(4‐phenylpiperazin‐1‐yl)‐methyl] derivatives of 3,3‐diphenyl‐ (7–18) and 3‐ethyl‐3‐methyl‐pyrrolidine‐2,5‐dione (19–30) were synthesized and evaluated for their anticonvulsant activity in the maximum electroshock (MES) and subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole (scPTZ) seizure tests. The acute neurological toxicity was determined using the rotorod screen. Eleven compounds were active and revealed protection only in electrically induced seizures (MES). In the whole series the most effective compound was N‐[{4‐(3‐trifluoromethylphenyl)‐piperazin‐1‐yl}‐methyl]‐3,3‐diphenyl‐pyrrolidine‐2,5‐dione (14) with an ED50 value of 30.3 mg/kg (p.o. rats) in the MES test. To explain the possible mechanism of action, for chosen active derivatives 7, 8, 9, 11, 14, 23, and 26, their influence on NaV1.2 sodium channel currents was evaluated in vitro. The crystallographic structures for several molecules (8, 10, and 11) were solved.
Microbial oil production from various carbon sources and its use for biodiesel preparation
Authors: Xu Jingyang , Du Wei , Zhao Xuebing , Zhang Guoling , Liu Dehua 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBiodiesel has gained significant attention as an alternative to petroleum diesel. Currently, there is an increasing interest in obtaining microbial oils from oleaginous micro‐organisms for biodiesel production. In the accumulation of microbial oils, carbon substrate constitutes a major portion of the cost. Accordingly, significant efforts have been made to explore suitable carbon sources, and to investigate their effects on cell growth as well as lipid synthesis. This paper reviews the current trend of using various carbon sources for microbial oils production, including carbon dioxide, conventional saccharides, energy crops, C2 compounds, lignocellulosic biomass, and glycerol. The strategies for enhancement of microbial oils production are further discussed. Finally, the constraints and perspectives of using microbial oils for biodiesel production are also highlighted. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Combined effect of X‐ray radiation and static magnetic fields on reactive oxygen species in rat lymphocytes in vitro
Authors: Politański Piotr , Rajkowska Elźbieta , Brodecki Marcin , Bednarek Andrzej , Zmyślony Marek 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of static magnetic fields (SMF) on reactive oxygen species induced by X‐ray radiation. The experiments were performed on lymphocytes from male albino Wistar rats. After exposure to 3 Gy X‐ray radiation (with a dose rate of 560 mGy/min) the measurement of intracellular reactive oxygen species in lymphocytes, using a fluorescent probe, was done before exposure to the SMF, and after 15 min, 1 and 2 h of exposure to the SMF or a corresponding incubation time. For SMF exposure, 0 mT (50 µT magnetic field induction opposite to the geomagnetic field) and 5 mT fields were chosen. The trend of SMF effects for 0 mT was always opposite that of 5 mT. The first one decreased the rate of fluorescence change, while the latter one increased it. Bioelectromagnetics 34:333–336, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Processing of snoRNAs as a new source of regulatory non‐coding RNAs
Authors: Falaleeva Marina , Stamm Stefan 
Published: November 2012

AbstractRecent experimental evidence suggests that most of the genome is transcribed into non‐coding RNAs. The initial transcripts undergo further processing generating shorter, metabolically stable RNAs with diverse functions. Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are non‐coding RNAs that modify rRNAs, tRNAs, and snRNAs that were considered stable. We review evidence that snoRNAs undergo further processing. High‐throughput sequencing and RNase protection experiments showed widespread expression of snoRNA fragments, known as snoRNA‐derived RNAs (sdRNAs). Some sdRNAs resemble miRNAs, these can associate with argonaute proteins and influence translation. Other sdRNAs are longer, form complexes with hnRNPs and influence gene expression. C/D box snoRNA fragmentation patterns are conserved across multiple cell types, suggesting a processing event, rather than degradation. The loss of expression from genetic loci that generate canonical snoRNAs and processed snoRNAs results in diseases, such as Prader‐Willi Syndrome, indicating possible physiological roles for processed snoRNAs. We propose that processed snoRNAs acquire new roles in gene expression and represent a new class of regulatory RNAs distinct from canonical snoRNAs.Also watch the Video Abstract
Looking for the peptide 2.05‐helix: A solvent‐ and main‐chain length‐dependent conformational switch probed by electron transfer across cα,α‐diethylglycine homo‐oligomers
Authors: Lettieri Raffaella , Bischetti Martina , Gatto Emanuela , Palleschi Antonio , Ricci Elisabetta , Formaggio Fernando , Crisma Marco , Toniolo Claudio , Venanzi Mariano 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe elusive, multiple fully extended (2.05‐helix) peptide conformation was searched with a series of Cα,α‐diethylglycine homo‐oligomers (n = 1 to 5) functionalized by an electron transfer (ET) donor···acceptor (D···A) pair in acetonitrile and chloroform solutions. In the former solvent, all peptides investigated were shown to populate the 310‐helix conformation, whereas in chloroform the two shortest members of the series (n = 1 and n = 2) adopt predominantly the 2.05‐helix. Interestingly, for the longest components (n = 3 to n = 5) in this latter solvent, an equilibrium between the 2.05‐ and 310‐helices takes place, the latter conformation becoming progressively more populated as the peptide main‐chain length increases. Time‐resolved fluorescence (TRF) experiments and molecular mechanics (MM) calculations were used in a combined approach to analyze the ET efficiencies and to associate a specific conformer (from MM) to an experimentally determined ET rate constant (from TRF). Therefore, because of the high sensitivity of the ET process to the D···A distance, ET can be used as a kinetic spectroscopic ruler, allowing for the characterization of the transition from a pure 310‐helix conformation to a 2.05‐/310‐helix equilibrium for the longest Deg homo‐peptides of this series upon changing the solvent from acetonitrile to chloroform. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the electronic coupling factor β for ET across a peptide chain in the 2.05‐helix conformation is provided. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 100: 51–63, 2013.
Direct and simultaneous quantitation of 5‐aminolaevulinic acid and porphobilinogen in human serum or plasma by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography–atmospheric pressure chemical ionization/tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Benton Christopher M. , Couchman Lewis , Marsden Joanne T. , Rees David C. , Moniz Caje , Lim Chang Kee 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTSerum/plasma concentrations of 5‐aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) and porphobilinogen (PBG) are elevated in patients with acute hepatic porphyrias, especially during acute attacks. Current assays require lengthy sample pre‐treatment and derivatization steps. We report here a rapid, sensitive and specific hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for the direct and simultaneous quantitation of ALA and PBG in serum or plasma following simple protein precipitation with acetonitrile and centrifugation prior to injection. ALA and PBG were detected using selected reaction monitoring mode, following positive atmospheric pressure chemical ionization. Calibration was linear from 0.05 to 50 µmol/L for ALA and PBG. For both analytes, imprecision (relative standard deviation) was <13% and accuracy (percentage nominal concentrations) was between 92 and 107%. The method was successfully applied to the measurement of ALA and PBG in serum or plasma samples for the screening, biochemical diagnosis and treatment monitoring of patients with acute hepatic porphyrias. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Maritime VHF communications with polarization diversity over a Rician channel
Authors: Ahn Chang‐Jun , Jeong Incheol , Endo Izumi , Omori Tatsuya , Hashimoto Ken‐ya 
Published: November 2012

SUMMARYIn this paper, we propose a polarization diversity scheme to enhance maritime VHF communications. Multiple antenna systems require an antenna separation of 5–10 wavelengths to keep the correlation coefficient below 0.7 to permit the realization of space diversity. However, this may be difficult to implement in a maritime VHF system, because the maritime VHF is working in the frequency range from 156 to 174 MHz, with wavelength of approximately 2 m. On the other hand, the polarization device technique allows two co‐located antennas by using a micro‐strip technique. For this reason, the polarization technique is a practical method of attaining diversity. However, the theoretical model of polarization is very difficult and complex. Therefore, we express the cross correlation of each polarization antenna and the cross polarization discrimination of multiple polarization antennas with a simple model. Simulations show that the polarization diversity of a maritime VHF system shows better BER performance than that of the conventional reception diversity on the basis of vertical antenna with the antenna separation of 10 wavelengths. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular insights into the historic demography of bowhead whales: understanding the evolutionary basis of contemporary management practices
Authors: Phillips C. D. , Hoffman J. I. , George J. C. , Suydam R. S. , Huebinger R. M. , Patton J. C. , Bickham J. W. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractPatterns of genetic variation observed within species reflect evolutionary histories that include signatures of past demography. Understanding the demographic component of species' history is fundamental to informed management because changes in effective population size affect response to environmental change and evolvability, the strength of genetic drift, and maintenance of genetic variability. Species experiencing anthropogenic population reductions provide valuable case studies for understanding the genetic response to demographic change because historic changes in the census size are often well documented. A classic example is the bowhead whale, Balaena mysticetus, which experienced dramatic population depletion due to commercial whaling in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Consequently, we analyzed a large multi‐marker dataset of bowhead whales using a variety of analytical methods, including extended Bayesian skyline analysis and approximate Bayesian computation, to characterize genetic signatures of both ancient and contemporary demographic histories. No genetic signature of recent population depletion was recovered through any analysis incorporating realistic mutation assumptions, probably due to the combined influences of long generation time, short bottleneck duration, and the magnitude of population depletion. In contrast, a robust signal of population expansion was detected around 70,000 years ago, followed by a population decline around 15,000 years ago. The timing of these events coincides to a historic glacial period and the onset of warming at the end of the last glacial maximum, respectively. By implication, climate driven long‐term variation in Arctic Ocean productivity, rather than recent anthropogenic disturbance, appears to have been the primary driver of historic bowhead whale demography.
Comparative studies on turbulent fluxes measured over burned and unburned sites of a sagebrush‐dominated mountain
Authors: Arogundade Ayodeji B. , Zhao Wenguang , Qualls Russell J. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTFire is a major disturbance that causes rangeland change. In this study, we compared the turbulent fluxes of carbon dioxide and sensible and latent heat, measured over burned and unburned sites of a sagebrush‐dominated mountain in southern Idaho during the late summer of 2006. The outcome of the investigation shows that fire altered the horizontal components of turbulence intensity (iu and iv) as well as the partitioning of radiant energy between latent and sensible heat fluxes. Average daytime Bowen ratios (β) at the burned and unburned sites were 2.03 and 1.87. On the basis of Bowen ratios determined from eddy covariance measurements of sensible and latent heat fluxes, the sensible heat fluxes were relatively more significant at the burned site than at the unburned site most of the time, and the converse was true of the latent heat fluxes. The exception to this was for the few days following heavy rainfall, when near‐surface soil moisture increased the evapotranspiration at the burned site more than at the unburned site until the shallow moisture supply was depleted. By means of ratios of CO2/(H + LE), fluxes, carbon sequestration was found to be more significant at the unburned site, declining at both sites as summer progressed but declining more rapidly at the burned site than at the unburned site. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Detection and reduction of precipitation effects in geoelectrical potential difference data
Authors: Saito Shota , Hattori Katsumi , Kaida Daishi , Yoshino Chie , Han Peng , Febriani Febty 
Published: November 2012

AbstractGeoelectrical fluctuations are the end product of several geophysical phenomena. In particular, geoelectrical signals measured in seismically active areas can be attributed to stress and strain changes associated with earthquakes. In order to study the geoelectrical potential difference changes associated with the Earth's crustal activities, it is important to distinguish them from other noises because they are generally weak. The complexity of this problem has called for development of advanced statistical methods suitable for investigation of the heterogeneous nature of these fluctuations. In this paper we analyzed the time dynamics of short‐term variability of the geoelectrical field measured at Kiyosumi station located in the southern part of Boso peninsula, Japan. We tried to apply principal component analysis (PCA) and singular spectral analysis (SSA) to detect and reduce precipitation effects which are the most intense noise in geoelectrical potential difference data. The results show that an application of PCA to two orthogonal electric data can detect the precipitation and SSA has a potential to remove the precipitation effects. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 182(3): 1–8, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.22301
Potential estimation of hourly blank storage space and charge loads of EVs using road traffic census and vehicles status
Authors: Oda Takuya , Ito Masakazu , Kawasaki Norihiro , Miyazaki Takahiko , Kashiwagi Takao 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIf both EVs (Electric Vehicles, includes plug‐in hybrid electric vehicles) and renewable energies spread in large quantities, it is possible to control the supply fluctuation of renewable energies using the storage battery of EVs. This research sought to show the charge load potential of EVs based on the state of the Japanese passenger car using traffic census results, etc. Furthermore, it tried to show the trend of the storage battery capacity according to time. From the estimated results: (1) the charge electricity of low and middle distance gets a majority of the total charge demand, (2) charge load changes according to time several times, and the minimum load is the number of gigawatt‐hours at early morning, (3) if night charge is assumed, the standby charge demand of noon will reach tens of gigawatt‐hours, it may have sufficient scale for supply fluctuation control of PVs. Although the present EV is not suitable for long‐distance running, these are expected to be 30 or less percent of the total charge demand. The estimated storage capacity potential in this research will not change numbers of times. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 182(3): 30–38, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.22352
Nonhydrolytic Route to Boron‐Doped TiO2 Nanocrystals
Authors: Xu Hua , Picca Rosaria Anna , De Marco Luisa , Carlucci Claudia , Scrascia Angela , Papadia Paride , Scremin Barbara Federica , Carlino Elvio , Giannini Cinzia , Malitesta Cosimino , Mazzeo Marco , Gigli Giuseppe , Ciccarella Giuseppe 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA simple synthesis was applied and tested for the preparation of boron‐doped titanium dioxide [TiO2(B)] nanocrystals using titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) together with boric acid (H3BO3) and benzyl alcohol as reaction solvent. Changes in the TTIP/H3BO3 molar ratio allowed a scalable synthetic protocol with a significant B‐dopant control. In particular, this approach does not need surfactants or a final calcination step. X‐ray diffractometry (XRD), low‐ and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM and HRTEM), and micro Raman spectroscopy revealed that the TiO2 nanocrystals produced have diameters up to about 10 nm and are mainly of the anatase phase but that a brookite phase was progressively formed with increased dopant level. The amount of boron was measured by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP‐AES), and the presence of boron inside the crystals was determined by 11B cross‐polarized magic‐angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (11B CP‐MAS NMR) spectroscopy. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed the presence of boron on the nanocrystal surfaces, confirming the trend in the dopant concentration already observed with ICP‐AES elemental analysis. Microphotoluminescence studies indicated the formation of three different typical luminescent defect states in correlation with the amount of added boron in the titania. UV/Vis absorption spectra showed a boron‐dependent redshift of the absorption edge.
Anionic Tuning of Spin Crossover in FeIII–Quinolylsalicylaldiminate Complexes
Authors: Sertphon Darunee , Harding David J. , Harding Phimphaka , Murray Keith S. , Moubaraki Boujemaa , Cashion John D. , Adams Harry 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA series of FeIII complexes, [Fe(qsal‐5‐OMe)2]Y [Y = BF4 (1), PF6 (2), NCS (3), BPh4 (4)], have been prepared and structurally and magnetically characterized. The low‐temperature structures of 1 and 3 as solvent adducts were determined by X‐ray crystallography with LS FeIII centres found in both cases. π–π and C–H···π interactions between the cations lead to 2D sheets that are linked to one another through C–H···O and, in the case of 3, C–H···N/S interactions resulting in high cooperativity. Magnetic studies revealed abrupt and gradual spin crossover for 3 and 2, respectively. For 3, spin crossover with possible thermal hysteresis was observed although solvent loss (CH2Cl2) could occur. In contrast, 1 and 4 were found to be low and high spin only, respectively. The results of Mössbauer spectroscopic studies are consistent with the magnetic susceptibility data and indicate that there are two low‐spin FeIII centres in 2. Finally, electrochemical studies showed reversible reduction to FeII at –0.22 V, whereas reversible oxidation of the qsal‐5‐OMe ligand was found to occur between 1.04–1.06 V.
Dinuclear Complexes with a Triple N1,N2‐Triazole Bridge That Exhibit Partial Spin Crossover and Weak Antiferromagnetic Interactions
Authors: Roubeau Olivier , Gamez Patrick , Teat Simon J. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe reaction of 4‐phenylimino‐1,2,4‐triazole (1) with FeII, CoII, NiII and CuII thiocyanate produces a series of analogous dinuclear compounds of formula [M2(1)5(NCS)4] (2–5) as demonstrated by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies of the FeII (2) and CoII (3) analogues. The magnetic properties of [Fe2(1)5(NCS)4]·xMeOH (x = 3.5–5) reveal a partial and gradual spin crossover (SCO) centred at TSCO = 115 K. This is confirmed by its crystal structure solved at 100, 150 and 250 K, which exhibits a gradual decrease of the Fe–N bond lengths with temperature. However, the bulk hydrated form of 2 that is generated upon exposure to air of crystals is a high‐spin compound that exhibits weak antiferromagnetic interaction. The exchange coupling among the FeII S = 2 ions within the dinuclear neutral complex was evaluated as J/kB = –1.33(3) K by using the Heisenberg Hamiltonian H = –2JS1·S2. Similarly, the magnetic properties of the NiII (4) and CuII (5) analogues are dominated by moderate and weak antiferromagnetic interactions evaluated as J/kB = –13.9(3) and –0.30(5) K, respectively. The presence of strong spin–orbit coupling of the individual CoII ions impeded the evaluation of the likely antiferromagnetic interaction that leads to a singlet ground state in 3. The reported structures of 2 and 3 are new additions to a very scarce family of dinuclear complexes bearing a unique triple N1,N2‐triazole bridge. Owing to its relevance in the peculiar properties of 1D triazole‐based SCO materials, which are widely studied for their various potential applications, a structural analysis of this triple N1,N2‐triazole bridge in reported structures of FeII and CoII trinuclear and 1D compounds is provided.