bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DNA‐Based Self‐Assembly for Functional Nanomaterials
Authors: Wang Zhen‐Gang , Ding Baoquan 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe unprecedented development of DNA nanotechnology has caused DNA self‐assembly to attract close attention in many disciplines. In this research news article, the employment of DNA self‐assembly in the fields of materials science and nanotechnology is described. DNA self‐assembly can be used to prepare bulk‐scale hydrogels and 3D macroscopic crystals with nanoscale internal structures, to induce the crystallization of nanoparticles, to template the fabrication of organic conductive nanomaterials, and to act as drug delivery vehicles for therapeutic agents. The properties and functions are fully tunable because of the designability and specificity of DNA assembly. Moreover, because of the intrinsic dynamics, DNA self‐assembly can act as a program switch and can efficiently control stimuli responsiveness. We highlight the power of DNA self‐assembly in the preparation and function regulation of materials, aiming to motivate future multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary research. Finally, we describe some of the challenges currently faced by DNA assembly that may affect the functional evolution of such materials, and we provide our insights into the future directions of several DNA self‐assembly‐based nanomaterials.
Aerosol OT/Water System Coupled with Triiodide/Iodide (I3−/I−) Redox Electrolytes for Highly Efficient Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Kong Eui‐Hyun , Lim Jongchul , Chang Yong‐June , Yoon Yeon‐Hee , Park Taiho , Jang Hyun Myung 
Published: May 2013

AbstractDye‐sensitized solar cells (DSCs) are considered to be a promising alternative to Si‐based photovoltaic cells. The electrolyte of the DSC primarily uses triiodide/iodide (I3−/I−) as a redox couple. Therefore, it is essential to understand the regeneration and recombination kinetics of the I3−/I− redox couples in the device. In this context, controlling the total and local concentrations of the I3−/I− redox couples is an important parameter that can influence the DSC performance. Here, we propose that the introduction of a sodium bis (2‐ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT)/water system to the I3−/I− electrolyte enables the control of the concentration of the redox couples, which consequently achieves a high power conversion efficiency of ∼11% for ∼1000 h (under 1 sun illumination) owing to the enhanced dye‐regeneration efficiency and the reduced recombination rate. This novel concept assists in the comprehension of the regeneration and recombination kinetics and develops highly efficient DSCs.
Embryonic cardiac chamber maturation: Trabeculation, conduction, and cardiomyocyte proliferation
Authors: Samsa Leigh Ann , Yang Betsy , Liu Jiandong 
Published: May 2013

AbstractCongenital heart diseases are some of the most common human birth defects. Though some congenital heart defects can be surgically corrected, treatment options for other congenital heart diseases are very limited. In many congenital heart diseases, genetic defects lead to impaired embryonic heart development or growth. One of the key development processes in cardiac development is chamber maturation, and alterations in this maturation process can manifest as a variety of congenital defects including non‐compaction, systolic dysfunction, diastolic dysfunction, and arrhythmia. During development, to meet the increasing metabolic demands of the developing embryo, the myocardial wall undergoes extensive remodeling characterized by the formation of muscular luminal protrusions called cardiac trabeculae, increased cardiomyocyte mass, and development of the ventricular conduction system. Though the basic morphological and cytological changes involved in early heart development are clear, much remains unknown about the complex biomolecular mechanisms governing chamber maturation. In this review, we highlight evidence suggesting that a wide variety of basic signaling pathways and biomechanical forces are involved in cardiac wall maturation. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Asymmetrische Kohlenstoff‐Kohlenstoff‐Kupplungen unter kontinuierlichen Durchflussbedingungen mit chiralen Heterogenkatalysatoren
Authors: Tsubogo Tetsu , Ishiwata Takanori , Kobayashi Shū 
Published: May 2013

AbstractKatalytische asymmetrische Kohlenstoff‐Kohlenstoff‐Kupplungen bieten einen der effizientesten Wege zu optisch aktiven Verbindungen, und entsprechend wurden in den vergangenen zwanzig Jahren viele chirale Katalysatoren für diese Reaktionen entwickelt. Diese Katalysatoren sind, beispielsweise gemessen an ihrer Umsatzzahl (TON), oft weniger effizient als Katalysatoren in anderen Reaktionen, z. B. asymmetrischen Hydrierungen, was eines der Hindernisse für die industrielle Anwendung darstellte. Es existieren zwar einige Schwierigkeiten bei der Effizienzsteigerung, diese können aber durch den Einsatz von kontinuierlichem Durchfluss in Gegenwart chiraler Heterogenkatalysatoren gelöst werden. In der Tat haben kontinuierliche Durchflusssysteme einige Vorteile gegenüber herkömmlichen Batchsystemen. Wir fassen hier die neuen Fortschritte bei asymmetrischen C‐C‐Kupplungen unter kontinuierlichen Durchflussbedingungen in Gegenwart chiraler Heterogenkatalysatoren zusammen.
Long‐term survival and colony growth of Acropora palmata fragments transplanted by volunteers for restoration
Authors: Forrester Graham E. , Ferguson Megan A. , O'Connell‐Rodwell Caitlin E. , Jarecki Lianna L. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT

Many branching corals are fragmented by storms, which can serve as a mechanism of asexual reproduction for species that are able to reattach themselves to the substratum and form new colonies. Fragments can also be manually reattached as a means of reef restoration.
The growth and survival of 832 fragments of Elkhorn coral, Acropora palmata, that were transplanted for a restoration project in the British Virgin Islands was modelled.
Mortality was higher in the first year after transplanting than in subsequent years, perhaps reflecting stress from handling or failure of the attachment method.
Survival also varied with the year of transplantation (from 2005–2011), and was lowest in years with major storms (2007 and 2010).
Fragment survival increased with increasing initial size, with the largest fragments (surface area roughly 1000 cm2) faring substantially better than the smallest (roughly 10 cm2) and average sized fragments (roughly 100 cm2).
Colony size (surface area of live tissue) tended to decrease slightly in the first 3 months after being reattached, presumably due to stress from transplanting. Subsequently, the surface area of surviving colonies tended to progressively increase over time, with fragments typically reaching 3000 cm2 after 7 years. Colony growth was, however, extremely variable and largely independent of initial colony size.
Despite initial reductions in growth and survival due to transplanting, long‐term survival of transplanted fragments was roughly comparable with that of natural colonies. Transplanting fragments is thus a promising tool for grass‐roots restoration projects. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the Convergence Behavior of Affine Projection Algorithm with Direction Error
Authors: Zhi Yongfeng , Zheng Xi , Li Ru 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAn affine projection algorithm with direction error (AP‐DE) is presented to solve the nonconformity between the iterated direction of the adaptive filter and the direction caused by the iteration error. A statistical analysis model is shown to analyze the AP‐DE algorithm for autoregressive input signals. Deterministic recursive equations for the mean weight error and for the mean‐square error in the iterated direction are derived. We also analyze the steady‐state mean‐square error in the iterated direction for the AP‐DE algorithm. Simulation results are provided to corroborate the analytical results.
Optimal Estimation of A Class of Linear Time‐Delay Uncertain Systems
Authors: Zhang Mei , Zhang Chenghui , Cui Peng 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe state estimation problem is investigated for a class of linear uncertain systems with state and noise delay. The optimal one‐step prediction algorithm is presented by introducing a fictitious noise. The predictor is designed based on the projection formula in Hilbert space and has the same dimensions as the original systems. The error covariance consists of two coupled Riccati‐type difference equations. The optimal filter and fixed‐lag smoother are provided based on the predictor. A numerical example is given to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Effects of Estrogen Coadministration on Epoxiconazole Toxicity in Rats
Authors: Stinchcombe Stefan , Schneider Steffen , Fegert Ivana , Rey Moreno Maria Cecilia , Strauss Volker , Gröters Sibylle , Fabian Eric , Fussell Karma C. , Pigott Geoffrey H. , van Ravenzwaay Bennard 
Published: May 2013

Epoxiconazole (EPX; CAS‐No. 133855‐98‐8) is a triazole class–active substance of plant protection products. At a dose level of 50 mg/kg bw/day, it causes a significantly increased incidence of late fetal mortality when administered to pregnant rats throughout gestation (gestation day [GD] 7–18 or 21), as reported previously (Taxvig et al., 2007, 2008) and confirmed in these studies. Late fetal resorptions occurred in the presence of significant maternal toxicity such as clear reduction of corrected body weight gain, signs of anemia, and, critically, a marked reduction of maternal estradiol plasma levels. Furthermore, estradiol supplementation at dose levels of 0.5 or 1.0 μg/animal/day of estradiol cyclopentylpropionate abolished the EPX‐mediated late fetal resorptions. No increased incidences of external malformations were found in rats cotreated with 50 mg/kg bw/day EPX and estradiol cyclopentylpropionate, indicating that the occurrence of malformations was not masked by fetal mortality under the study conditions. Overall, the study data indicate that fetal mortality observed in rat studies with EPX is not the result of direct fetal toxicity but occurs indirectly via depletion of maternal estradiol levels. The clarification of the human relevance of the estrogen‐related mechanism behind EPX‐mediated late fetal resorptions in rats warrants further studies. In particular, this should involve investigation of the placenta (Rey Moreno et al., 2013), since it is the materno‐fetal interface and crucial for fetal maintenance. The human relevance is best addressed in a species which is closer to humans with reference to placentation and hormonal regulation of pregnancy, such as the guinea pig (Schneider et al., 2013). Birth Defects Res (Part B) 98:247–259, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Incidence of micronuclei in human peripheral blood lymphocytes exposed to modulated and unmodulated 2450 MHz radiofrequency fields
Authors: Vijayalaxmi  , Reddy Abhishek B. , McKenzie Raymond J. , McIntosh Robert L. , Prihoda Thomas J. , Wood Andrew W. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractPeripheral blood samples from four healthy volunteers were collected and aliquots were exposed in vitro for 2 h to either (i) modulated (wideband code division multiple access, WCDMA) or unmodulated continuous wave (CW) 2450 MHz radiofrequency (RF) fields at an average specific absorption rate of 10.9 W/kg or (ii) sham‐exposed. Aliquots of the same samples that were exposed in vitro to an acute dose of 1.5 Gy ionizing gamma‐radiation (GR) were used as positive controls. Half of the aliquots were treated with melatonin (Mel) to investigate if such treatment offers protection to the cells from the genetic damage, if any, induced by RF and GR. The cells in all samples were cultured for 72 h and the lymphocytes were examined to determine the extent of genetic damage assessed from the incidence of micronuclei (MN). The results indicated the following: (i) the incidence of MN was similar in incubator controls, and those exposed to RF/sham and Mel alone; (ii) there were no significant differences between WCDMA and CW RF exposures; (iii) positive control cells exposed to GR alone exhibited significantly increased MN; and (iv) Mel treatment had no effect on cells exposed to RF and sham, while such treatment significantly reduced the frequency of MN in GR‐exposed cells. Bioelectromagnetics. 34:542–548. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Production of anti‐cancer immunotoxins in algae: Ribosome inactivating proteins as fusion partners
Authors: Tran Miller , Henry Ryan E. , Siefker David , Van Christina , Newkirk Greg , Kim Julie , Bui Jack , Mayfield Stephen P. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTThe eukaryotic green algae, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii has been shown to be capable of producing a variety of recombinant proteins, but the true potential of this platform remains largely unexplored. To assess the potential of algae for the production of novel recombinant proteins, we generated a series of chimeric proteins containing a single chain antibody (scFv) targeting the B‐cell surface antigen CD22, genetically fused to the eukaryotic ribosome inactivating protein, gelonin, from Gelonium multiflorm. These unique molecules, termed immunotoxins, are encoded as a single gene that produces an antibody—toxin chimeric protein capable of delivering a cytotoxic molecule to targeted B‐cells. We show that the addition of an Fc domain of a human IgG1 to these fusion proteins results in the production of assembled dimeric immunotoxins, containing two cell binding scFvs and two gelonin molecules. Additionally, we demonstrate that these algal expressed proteins are capable of binding and reducing the viability of B‐cell lymphomas, while treatment of T‐cells, that lack the CD22 antigen, had no impact on cell viability. Since other protein expression platforms are incapable of folding and accumulating these complex immunotoxins as soluble and enzymatically active proteins, our studies document a novel and efficient method for immunotoxin production. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013;110: 2826–2835. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Millennial teens design and redesign themselves in online social networks
Authors: Doster Leigh 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTIn less than a decade, online social networks (OSN) have revolutionised social communications worldwide. Nowhere is this more evident than amongst today's young consumers, so called millennial teens, who have snapped up these identity‐making digital social spaces claiming them as their own. This article examines the range of strategies and resources employed by UK millennials for self‐presentation in OSNs and the resultant implications on teenage identity construction in the postmodern era. An in‐depth qualitative content analysis of 20 teen OSN profiles was conducted and analysed against extant theories of impression management, self‐identity and self‐presentation.Our analysis revealed that millennials were deeply immersed in self‐presentation activities. They employed a wide range of ‘intentional’ self‐presentation strategies and drew on colour, design and symbolism to create complex, elaborate and decorative versions of self, which we have termed the ‘aesthetic self’. OSNs satisfy teen needs for intense social interaction with their peers, offer potential for copious identity experimentation and reduce the need to consume physical symbolic items in order to convey meaning, thus acting as an accelerator in the teen identity‐making process.Our findings extend existing frameworks for teenage self‐identity theory and moreover have significant implications for future marketing practice, particularly sourcing consumer behaviour data, brand management and marketing communications strategies.Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Non‐selective hydrolysis of tuna fish oil for producing free fatty acids containing docosahexaenoic acid
Authors: Sharma Aditi , Chaurasia Satyendra P. , Dalai Ajay K. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe nature of immobilised Candida antarctica lipase‐B (CAL‐B) catalysed hydrolysis of tuna fish oil was studied with parameters such as solvent and water concentration, temperature, speed of agitation and enzyme loading. Immobilised CAL‐B and support material immobead‐150 were characterised with BET surface area, particle size analyser and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) to record their physiochemical properties. The maximum rate of reaction (Vmax) of 500 µmol of free fatty acids (FFAs) per mL reaction mixture per h and Michaelis−Menten constant (KM) of 2115 µmol FFAs/mL were found for Michaelis−Menten type kinetic model. Activation energy (E) of 26.1 KJ/mol was calculated for immobilised CAL‐B. The 55.9% conversion of triglycerides was observed after the third use of the immobilised CAL‐B. The activity retention of immobilised CAL‐B reduced to 33.5% after the fourth repeated use of the enzyme.
Ionic Bent Shape Ternary Facial Amphiphiles
Authors: He Chixian , He Qingye , Zhang Sijing , Tan Xiaoping , Gao Hongfei , Cheng Xiaohong 
Published: May 2013

AbstractNovel bent shape tenary facial amphiphilic imidazolium ILC which consist of a π‐conjugated bent aromatic cores (2,5‐dithiophenylethynyl phenyl bent core), two terminal poliphilic alkyl chains and lateral n‐alky chain terminated by an imidazolium bromide unit were synthesized by using Kumada and Sonogashira coupling reactions as key steps and both their thermotropic and lyotropic mesophase behaviors were studied by POM, DSC and XRD. Columnar phases were found in these compounds, a hexagonal cylinder model with core shell structure is supposed for the columnar phase formed by compound I/8. Our study may provide a new strategy for designing new LC functional material.
Easy One‐Pot Synthesis of 1‐Monosubstituted Aliphatic 1,2,3‐Triazoles from Aliphatic Halides, Sodium Azide and Propiolic Acid by a Click Cycloaddition/Decarboxylation Process
Authors: Zhang Zhongkui , Kuang Chunxiang 
Published: May 2013

Abstract1‐Monosubstituted aliphatic 1,2,3‐triazoles were synthesized by a one‐pot reaction from aliphatic halides (Cl and Br), sodium azide and propiolic acid. The yields ranged from moderate to good. The reaction was easily carried out in DMF with Cs2CO3 at 100°C by copper‐catalyzed click cycloaddition/decarboxylation.
Shear Induced Morphological Transformation of Large Compound Micelles Formed by Glutathione End‐capped Poly(4‐vinylpyridine)
Authors: Wang Yifei , Chen Daoyong 
Published: May 2013

AbstractHere we report novel shear‐sensitive polymeric large compound micelles (LCMs) formed by self‐assembly of glutathione end‐capped poly(4‐vinylpyridine) (GP4VP) in water containing 4 vol% methanol. The amphiphile prefers to form the kinetically stabilized LCMs due to the small length ratio of the hydrophilic part to the hydrophobic part; the encapsulation of the hydrophilic part within LCMs causes only a small enthalpy loss from a thermodynamic view. Sheared by vortex flows generated by vigorous stir, the LCMs evolve to thick wall vesicles, thin wall vesicles, broken vesicles and "pearl‐necklace" structures consecutively. The high flexibility of the LCMs and the internal tension caused by the encapsulation of the hydrophilic part are responsible for the high shear sensitivity of the LCMs.
Mortality Implications of Angina and Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Patients With Coronary Artery Disease: New Data From Extended Follow‐up of the International Verapamil/Trandolapril Study (INVEST)
Authors: Winchester David E. , Cooper‐DeHoff Rhonda M. , Gong Yan , Handberg Eileen M. , Pepine Carl J. ,   for the INVEST Investigators
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundAngina and hypertension are common in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD); however, the effect on mortality is unclear. We conducted this prespecified analysis of the International Verapamil/Trandolapril Study (INVEST) to assess relationships between angina, blood pressure (BP), and mortality among elderly, hypertensive CAD patients.HypothesisAngina and elevated BP will be associated with higher mortality.MethodsExtended follow‐up was performed using the National Death Index for INVEST patients in the United States (n = 16 951). Based on angina history at enrollment and during follow‐up visits, patients were divided into groups: persistent angina (n = 7184), new‐onset angina (n = 899), resolved angina (n = 4070), and never angina (n = 4798). Blood pressure was evaluated at baseline, during drug titration, and during follow‐up on‐treatment. On‐treatment systolic BP was classified as tightly controlled (<130 mm Hg), controlled (130–139 mm Hg), or uncontrolled (≥140 mm Hg). A Cox proportional hazards model was created adjusting for age, heart failure, diabetes, renal impairment, myocardial infarction, stroke, and smoking. The angina groups and BP control groups were compared using the never‐angina group as the reference.ResultsOnly in the persistent‐angina group was a significant association with mortality observed, with an apparent protective effect (hazard ratio: 0.82, 95% confidence interval: 0.75‐0.89, P < 0.0001). Uncontrolled BP was associated with increased mortality risk (hazard ratio: 1.29, 95% confidence interval: 1.20‐1.40, P < 0.0001), as were several other known cardiovascular risk factors.ConclusionsIn hypertensive CAD patients, persistent angina was associated with lower mortality. The observed effect was small compared with other cardiovascular risk factors, such as BP, which were associated with increased mortality.
Prevalence and Management of Patent Ductus Arteriosus in a Pediatric Medicaid Cohort
Authors: Tripathi Avnish , Black George B. , Park Yong‐Moon Mark , Jerrell Jeanette M. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundWidespread use of echocardiography has made earlier diagnosis of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) possible, but pharmacological or surgical intervention is highly variable. Herein, we investigate the prevalence of PDA and its management in a routine care system.MethodsA 15‐year retrospective dataset (1996–2010) was analyzed. Selection criteria included age ≤17 years, enrollees in South Carolina State Medicaid, and diagnosed as having PDA on 1 or more service visits to a pediatrician or pediatric cardiologist.ResultsThe 15‐year treated prevalence rate of PDA was 0.25/1000 pediatric cases of congenital heart disease (CHD). PDA was more prevalent in non‐African American patients (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.12), but not in females after controlling for all other CHDs diagnosed in the cohort. Associated CHDs were present in 57.6% of the cases, primarily atrial or ventricular septal defects, and fewer patients (5.5%) developed pulmonary hypertension. Of 3627 PDA cases examined, 70.0% received no medications or PDA repair. Therapeutic ibuprofen was used for closure in 24.4% of the cases, and a PDA repair was performed in 7.8%. Younger children (aOR: 0.82), those who received an atrial septal defect closure (aOR: 5.18), and those who were treated with digoxin (aOR: 1.86) or with diuretics or preload/afterload reducing agents (ie, calcium channel blockers or angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors) (aOR: 5.72) were significantly more likely to have a PDA repair procedure.ConclusionsThe majority of diagnosed PDA cases did not require pharmacological or surgical intervention. Those receiving pharmacological or surgical intervention were treated conservatively in relation to the presence of distress symptoms or concomitant CHDs requiring intervention.