bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving antioxidant status in aged mice by 50% ethanol extract from red bean fermented by Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Chou Su‐Tze , Chung Yun‐Chin , Peng Hsin‐Yi , Hsu Cheng‐Kuang 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 50% ethanol extracts from red bean non‐fermented (RBE) and fermented by Bacillus subtilis (RBNE) on the antioxidant status of aged ICR mouse.ResultsCompared to 2‐month‐old ICR mouse, the plasma total antioxidant status (TAS) in 12‐month‐old ICR mouse decreased about 57%, while malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the liver and brain of 12‐month‐old ICR mouse increased 56% and 30%, respectively. Orally administration of RBE or RBNE could completely recover the changes of MDA and plasma TAS levels due to the aging process. Vitamin E contents declined 88% in the liver and 74% in the brain of aged ICR mouse. At a level of 0.3 or 0.6 g kg−1 body weight, RBNE raised vitamin E content in the liver and brain; however, RBE showed no significant influence. All antioxidant enzymes activities in the liver and brain of aged ICR mouse decreased compared to those activities in 2‐month‐old ICR mouse. RBNE could significantly enhance the superoxide dismutase activity in the brain of aged ICR mouse.ConclusionOral administration of RBE or RBNE could improve antioxidant status in aged ICR mouse. Fermentation by Bacillus subtilis could enhance the antioxidant properties of red bean. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Separation of polyphenols and arecoline from areca nut (Areca catechu L.) by solvent extraction, its antioxidant activity, and identification of polyphenols
Authors: Chavan Yogita V , Singhal Rekha S 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDAreca nut (Areca catechu L.) or betel nut, a commercial cash crop, is a rich source of polyphenols but also contains toxic alkaloids, mainly arecoline. Separation of these bioactive polyphenols from toxic constituents could propel the safe and beneficial use of betel nut; also it will help arecanut processing industries to produce arecoline‐free products. With the aim to develop an effective method for maximum extraction of polyphenols with minimum arecoline, several factors such as nature of the solvent, pH (2–10), substrate concentration (6–14 %) and extraction time (30–150 min) under shaking conditions were evaluated. Qualitative analysis was done using spectrophotometry and high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).RESULTSMaximum extraction of polyphenols (407.47 mg GAE g−1), total tannin and its antioxidant activity with minimum arecoline (1.73 mg g−1 of sample) was achieved by using 80% acetone at pH 4 for 90 min with 10% w/v substrate under shaking conditions.CONCLUSIONSolvent extraction under optimized parameters gave maximum polyphenols with minimum extraction of arecoline, and highest ratio of polyphenols to arecoline. HPLC and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry results confirmed the presence of catechin and epicatechin in the extract, which suggests its potential as a source of bioactives. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Overproduction of a thermostable 4‐α‐glucanotransferase by codon optimization at N‐terminus region
Authors: Kim Min‐Su , Jang Jun‐Hyuck , Kim Young‐Wan 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackground4‐α‐Glucanotransferases are useful enzymes to modify starch owing to their transglycosylation activity. In this study, codon optimizations were conducted to overproduce a thermostable 4‐α‐glucanotransferase from Thermus thermophilus (TTαGT).ResultsTwo variants, termed TTαGT‐P4CCG and TTαGT‐mut6, were constructed, which have the optimized codon at the first rare codon and optimized codons at all six chosen rare codons at the N‐terminus of TTαGT, respectively. In the Escherichia coli system, the expression of both optimized genes was enhanced by about 100‐fold relative to that of the original gene, whereas all six mutated codons contributed to the overall enhancement of TTαGT production in Bacillus subtilis. On the basis of the αGTase activity of the crude cell extracts, relative activities of 1:2.9:5.8 were determined for TTαGT, TTαGT‐P4CCG and TTαGT‐mut6, respectively, in B. subtilis. In addition, the activity of TTαGT‐mut6 from B. subtilis grown without antibiotics was as much as that with the antibiotics. Finally, after heat treatment, the specific activity of TTαGT‐mut6 from B. subtilis was 1.5‐fold greater than that from E. coli.ConclusionThe codon‐optimized TTαGT that was produced in a GRAS microorganism, B. subtilis, without the selection antibiotics is potentially useful in the food industry as a food‐grade enzyme. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Characterizing liability for cranial nerve injuries: A detailed analysis of 209 malpractice trials
Authors: Svider Peter F. , Sunaryo Peter L. , Keeley Brieze R. , Kovalerchik Olga , Mauro Andrew C. , Eloy Jean Anderson 
Published: January 2013

Objectives/HypothesisThe potential for adverse events with lasting functional effects makes cranial nerve (CN) injury a target for litigation. Our objective was to comprehensively examine records of malpractice trials and detail issues influencing outcomes.Study DesignRetrospective analysis.MethodsThe Westlaw database (Thomson Reuters, New York, NY) was searched for jury verdict reports related to medical malpractice and CN injury. After excluding nonrelevant cases, we examined 209 trials for characteristics including nerve(s) injured, alleged causes of malpractice, demographic information, specialty, and outcome.ResultsThe most commonly litigated CNs were VII (24.4%) and II (19.6%). Sixty‐nine (33.0%) trials resulted in damages awarded. Outcomes varied, ranging from a 29.2% plaintiff success rate for CN XI injury to 48.4% for CN II injury. Plaintiffs had less success with increasing age. Average damages awarded were $1.7 million. The most commonly named defendants were otolaryngologists and general surgeons. Individual considerations varied but commonly included alleged deficits in informed consent (25.4%), unnecessary procedures (14.8%), undergoing additional surgery (25.8%), and untimely recognition of complications (23.9%).ConclusionsMalpractice trials were resolved in the defendant's favor the majority of the time. In cases where plaintiffs were successful, however, awards were considerable, averaging nearly $2 million. Factors influencing case outcome included age, location, perceived deficits in informed consent, allegedly unnecessary surgery, requiring additional surgery to repair a complication, and untimely recognition of complications. Although specific factors should be taken into consideration with each procedure, providing detailed informed consent and communicating with patients regarding expectations may minimize liability.
Effect of Planting Method on the Growth of Alnus glutinosa and Quercus petraea in Compacted Opencast Coal‐Mine Spoils, South Wales
Authors: Haigh M. , Reed H. , Flege A. , D'Aucourt M. , Plamping K. , Cullis M. , Woodruffe P. , Sawyer S. , Panhuis W. , Wilding G. , Farrugia F. , Powell S. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractLand degradation on officially ‘reclaimed’ opencast coal‐mine sites is a widespread problem in South Wales. This project explores methods suitable for use by community volunteers seeking to effect local environmental improvement by restoring geoecological self‐sustainability on lands that are commonly affected by extreme auto‐compaction and low soil nutrient status. This paper describes a formally established 7‐year experiment designed to assess the effect of three alternative tree planting strategies used in the forestation of such lands. These are notch planting (e.g. forestry), pit planting (e.g. parks and gardens) and trench planting (e.g. orchard terraces). The study explores tree survival and growth for two species commonly used in land reclamation contexts: alder [Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn] and Welsh or Durmast Oak [Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl]. t‐testing of the results shows that survival and growth rates for both species tend to be significantly better for trench planting than for pit planting than for notch planting. Differences in mortality between pit‐planted and trench‐planted trees become less significant during the experiment while differences in growth increase with time. The conclusion is that providing a loosened, lower density, rooting substrate significantly improves both the growth and the survival rates of trees planted in compacted Welsh surface coal‐mine spoils and that trench planting is more effective than parks and gardens‐style pit planting, which is more effective than forestry‐style notch planting. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Benzimidazolyl phosphates as anti‐wear additives in poly(ethylene glycol) for steel/steel contacts
Authors: Qiao Dan , Wang Haizhong , Feng Dapeng 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTFour novel benzimidazolyl phosphates (BPs) were synthesized and evaluated as anti‐wear additives in poly(ethylene glycol) for steel/steel contacts. The friction experiments were carried out on an Optimol SRV‐I oscillating reciprocating friction and wear tester (SRV) both at room temperature and high temperature. The worn surfaces of the steel discs were analysed by JSM‐5600LV scanning electron microscope and PHI‐5702 multifunctional X‐ray photoelectron spectrometer. It was indicated that poly(ethylene glycol) with 2 wt% BP additives had better friction‐reducing and anti‐wear properties than the commercial lubricant additive, tricresyl phosphate. Excellent tribological performance of BPs could be ascribed to the formation of high quality boundary films that consisted of the ordered adsorption films and tribo‐chemical reaction films. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Convolution operators on spaces of real analytic functions
Authors: Langenbruch Michael 
Published: January 2013

AbstractLet\documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$I\subset \mathbb {R}$\end{document}be an open interval and let\documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\mu \in A(\mathbb {R})^{\prime }$\end{document}and\documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$G:=\mbox{conv}(\mbox{supp}(\mu ))$\end{document}. We characterize the surjectivity of the convolution operatorTμ:A(I−G) →A(I) by means of a new estimate from below for the Fourier transform\documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\widehat{\mu }$\end{document}valid on conical subsets of\documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\mathbb {C}\setminus \mathbb {R}$\end{document}. We also characterize whenTμadmits a continuous linear right inverse.
Uniqueness of solutions to degenerate parabolic and elliptic equations in weighted Lebesgue spaces
Authors: Punzo Fabio 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWe investigate uniqueness for degenerate parabolic and elliptic equations in the class of solutions belonging to weighted Lebesgue spaces and not satisfying any boundary condition. The uniqueness result that we provide relies on the existence of suitable positive supersolutions of the adjoint equations. Under proper assumptions on the behavior at the boundary of the coefficients of the operator, such supersolutions are constructed, mainly using the distance function from the boundary.
A 2.3–14 GHz UWB planar octagonal antenna with modified ground plane
Authors: Bitchikh M. , Aksas R. , Azrar A. , Kimouche H. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis article concerns the design of a new ultra‐wideband antenna with an octagonal configuration and reduced size. The prototype has been simulated and designed as a monopole. It has shown a permissible agreement between simulations and measures and an operation of ultra‐wideband from 2.3 to 14 GHz (143.55%) for wireless applications. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:474–479, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27342
An FMCW and chirp pulse‐doppler radar system for surveillance in X‐band
Authors: Im Yun‐Taek , Park Seong‐Ook 
Published: January 2013

AbstractA narrow band radar system based on a field programmable gate array is proposed for dual‐mode operation.Frequency‐modulated continuous‐wave (FMCW) radar mode is for short‐range target detection and pulse‐Doppler (PD) radar mode is for long‐range target detection. Precomputed codes are used to generate linear frequency modulation signals in both FMCW and PD radar mode. The bandwidths of FMCW and PD radar modes are 10 and 1 MHz. Experiments have been carried out to confirm the system operation. In FMCW radar mode, nonlinear amplitude response can be corrected by precomputed code. In PD radar mode, the RX signals have been checked in the pulse width of 4 μs with a compressed echo signal response. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:474–479, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27343
Correlation analysis on UWB MIMO tree‐antenna orientations
Authors: Jusoh M. , Jamlos M.F. , Kamarudin M. R. , Erawan Ade 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis research proposes a miniaturized antenna with a novel design for the ultra‐wideband (UWB) multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) system. The UWB‐MIMO tree‐antenna (UMTA) design consists of two symmetrical designs with minimum inter‐element spacing of 53 mm on the same negative Taconic substrate. Three UMTA geometrical orientations, i.e., MIMO (0°‐R), MIMO (180°‐R), and MIMO (0°‐U), were analyzed in terms of the reflection coefficient (< −10 dB), mutual coupling, and correlation coefficient. The UMTA is successfully achieved decrements of the correlation coefficient, with MIMO (0°‐R) being less than −30 dB, MIMO (180°‐R) being less than −40 dB, and MIMO (0°‐U), being less than −35 dB. MIMO (180°‐R), indicates the lowest correlation coefficient, which, in turn, enhances the diversity of the antenna. Measured and simulated results are presented. All designs and simulations are performed by Computer System Technology software. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:688–692, 2013, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27344
Wideband nanocrescent plasmonic antenna with engineered spectral response
Authors: Soliman Ezzeldin A. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractA novel nantenna is presented in this article. It is formed by locating a gold circular patch inside a circular aperture etched from a gold plate. The centers of the two objects are shifted from each other, which results in having a “crescent‐shaped” aperture. Each of the circular patch and aperture has its own resonance wavelength whose location can be controlled by varying the corresponding diameter. It has been demonstrated that the working bands around these two resonances can be made slightly overlapping at their inner edges. This results in a remarkably wideband behavior characterized by a full‐width half‐maximum of more than 2000 nm centered around 2500 nm, which is equivalent to more than 80% fractional bandwidth. The proposed nantenna with 20‐nm gap width is capable of providing maximum electric field intensity enhancement of about 3000. It can confine the incident radiation within a volume well below the diffraction limit. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:624–629, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27347
A study on the rectangular ring, open‐ended monopole antenna with a vertical strip for WLAN dual‐band operations
Authors: Yoon Joong Han , Rhee Young Chul , Jang Yeon Kil 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIn this article, a novel design of a simple rectangular ring with open‐ended monopole antenna that is well suited to wireless local area network (WLAN) applications for dual‐band operations is proposed.The proposed antenna consists of an open‐ended rectangular ring, vertical strip, and a rectangular slit in the ground plane. Prototypes of the proposed antenna were fabricated and measured. This proposed monopole antenna had −10 dB impedance bandwidths of about 400 and 1600 MHz (2.1625–2.5625 GHz and 5.025–6.625 GHz), respectively, or about 16.93 and 27.47%, covering the required bandwidths of 2.4/5.2/5.8 GHz WLAN standards. Meanwhile, the two‐dimensional (2D) radiation patterns and 3D gain performance of the antenna in the operation bands were also observed and discussed. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:619–624, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27348
An efficient ray‐tracing method for RCS prediction in greco
Authors: Liu Jia , Fang Ning , Wang Baofa , Zhang Lvqian 
Published: January 2013

AbstractGraphical electromagnetic computing (GRECO) is a fast method to predict radar cross section (RCS) of electrically large targets. Combining shooting and bouncing ray method with GRECO is an effective solution for the RCS prediction considering multibouncing effects. However, the ray tracing operation degrades its application due to its computation complexity. In this article, a novel optimization approach based on the binary tree structure is proposed to accelerate the computation process of the proposed algorithm. Numerical results on corner reflectors are used to validate the accuracy and efficiency. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:586–589, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27349
Small global positioning system antennas on a printed circuit board for mobile handsets loaded with lumped elements
Authors: Ahn Jungho , Kim Seunghwan , Lee Min‐Jae , Kim Austin S. , Kim Youngsik 
Published: January 2013

AbstractTwo printed circuit board embedded global positioning system antennas with a T‐shape are presented in this article.Both antennas are loaded with three lumped elements and have the same antenna and ground size. Antenna 1 is used to a chip capacitor at the input port, whereas Antenna 2 is equipped with a chip inductor. The resonant frequency decreases with increasing capacitance for Antenna 1, whereas that of Antenna 2 does not change significantly with change in the inductance. Antenna 1 has a lower bandwidth and smaller gain than Antenna 2. Both antennas are investigated via simulations and experiments. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:576–580, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27350
Polarization reconfigurable ultrawideband antenna for cognitive radio applications
Authors: Aboufoul Tamer , Alomainy Akram , Parini Clive 
Published: January 2013

AbstractA novel compact ultrawideband microstrip monopole antenna with reconfigurable polarization capability is presented. The antenna can be switched from linear polarization to right‐hand circular polarization (RHCP) or left‐hand circular polarization (LHCP). The measured 3‐dB axial ratio fractional bandwidth for the RHCP or the LHCP after reconfiguration is 59.5% from 5.9 to 10.9 GHz. The interest of the proposed antenna in cognitive radio systems is twofold. First, it can be used to add polarization sensing to the conventional frequency sensing. Second, there are the gains of using it to add polarization diversity in communication between cognitive devices. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:501–506, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27353
A novel approach to transform an open circuit series stub to a short circuit shunt stub for the implementation of high‐pass butterworth filter
Authors: Shoaib Nosherwan , Shoaib Imran , Shoaib Sultan 
Published: January 2013

AbstractA new approach for transforming an open circuit series stub to short circuit shunt stub is presented.A mathematical identity is also derived. Additional transmission lines of particular lengths are also used while performing this transformation. The simulations and the experimental results verified that the derived mathematical identity can be used for the implementation of high‐pass maximum flat Butterworth filter. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:497–501, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27354
Design of a coupled line feed structure for the wideband characteristic of a mobile internal antenna
Authors: Yu Yeonsik , Kim Uisheon , Seong Wonmo , Choi Jaehoon 
Published: January 2013

AbstractA method to design an adjustable wideband impedance matching structure based on the impedance transformer concept is proposed in order to enhance wideband impedance matching. The designed coupled line feed structure (CLFS) provides a wide impedance characteristic via an operating principle similar to that of an impedance transformer. The CLFS enables tuning capability for the impedance characteristic of an inverted‐F antenna (IFA) through adjustments in the line width and gap between the two CLFS spirals. By adding the proposed CLFS to the antenna feed, the bandwidth of the original IFA can provide about 22% wider coverage when compared with an IFA alone, especially over the LTE band, without changing the original antenna design. For frequencies below 1100 MHz, the impedance bandwidth of an IFA is about 40% at a center frequency of 862 MHz. This covers the LTE 17 (704–746 MHz)/13 (746–787 MHz), GSM 850 (824–894 MHz)/900 (890–960 MHz)/1800 (1710–1880 MHz)/1900 (1850–1990 MHz), and WCDMA (1710–2170 MHz) bands. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:522–526, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27356
Small monopole antenna with multiresonance characteristic by using rotated T‐shaped slit and parasitic structure for UWB systems
Authors: Ojaroudi Nasser , Ojaroudi Mohammad 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIn this letter, we present a new design of small‐sized, low‐profile, and multiresonance monopole antenna for ultrawideband applications.The proposed antenna consists of a square radiating patch and a ground plane with rotated T‐shaped slit and conductor‐backed plane, which provides a wide usable fractional bandwidth of more than 130% (3.05–15.27 GHz). By cutting a rotated T‐shaped slit on the ground plane and also by inserting rotated T‐shaped parasitic structure, additional resonances are excited and hence much wider impedance bandwidth can be produced, especially at the higher band. The designed antenna has a small size. Simulated and experimental results obtained for the proposed antenna is suitable for UWB applications. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:482–485, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27358
A multiwideband planar monopole antenna for 4G devices
Authors: Asghar A. M. , Malick M. , Karlsson M. , Hussain A. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis article presents a compact multiband planar antenna designed for mobile phone applications.The antenna performance is achieved by designing a planar monopole antenna into distributed radiating elements. The proposed antenna is comprised of a chopped circular radiator appended with a meander line and an L‐strip coupled element, which is an extension of the ground plane. The combination of a chopped circular patch and L‐shaped coupling strip residing on the top side generates lower band while upper band resonances are attained separately by chopped circular resonator and meander line elements. The antenna shows a planar structure which occupies an area of 56 × 17.6 mm and can be directly printed onto a circuit board at low cost making it especially suitable for mobile phone applications. The manufactured antenna is experimentally verified and covers several wireless communication bands, such as LTE 750, GSM 850, GSM 900, DCS, UMTS‐2110, Bluetooth, WLAN, WiMAX, and UWB. The high frequency structure simulation is used to design and analyze the antenna performance, and a practical structure was fabricated and tested. The measured and simulated return loss show good agreement. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:589–593, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27360