bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
001 OP: UCL QUALITATIVE HEALTH RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM 2015: ENRICHING QUALITATIVE INQUIRY IN HEALTH
Authors: Baim-Lance A , Black G , Llewellyn H , McGregor LM , Vindrola-Padros C , Vňuková M , Vrinten C 
Published: April 2015

The field of health research appears increasingly open to qualitative approaches. We celebrate the rise in qualitative and mixed methods publications and the marked presence of qualitative researchers in academic centres of health research. However, we note enduring tensions between the conceptual and methodological approaches of qualitative research and those of a quantitative paradigm, generally more familiar to health practitioners, policymakers and often other researchers. In some instances, qualitatively-oriented investigations continue to conflict with the expectations within health research to provide concrete and timely findings and recommendations. These concerns foreground questions to be explored around the applicability, value, contribution, legitimacy and limitations of qualitative inquiry within the prevailing research culture.In recognition of these questions, we curated a day long symposium around abstracts submitted in response to an open, internationally disseminated call, framed to create a productive space for the critical examination of the current state of qualitative health research, and the exploration of ways to enable its enrichment.We organised the papers, posters, keynote address and panel discussion into three themes. The first,Problematising the research landscape, reflects on particular issues arising when we ‘do’ qualitative research. The second,Re-approaching familiar frameworks, explores the application of epistemological traditions of the social sciences to understand health, and to consider what underpins how we frame and treat such topics. The third,Imagination at work—enriching the potential, attends to the prospects of bringing new approaches into research, sometimes borrowed from other fields.The symposium facilitated engagement with current research and reflections on connecting methodological advances with theoretical traditions amidst challenges of carrying out applied health research. A perceived need exists for qualitative researchers to concertedly promote and enrich our contributions without homogenising or obscuring what our approach has to offer. This could be achieved through the continued development of a common platform for qualitative research that facilitates collaborations and fosters interdisciplinary education and training. This symposium represents critical steps towards these aims, to be further developed through the convening of future events.
009 OP: A SOCIOGRAM IS WORTH A THOUSAND WORDS: PROPOSING A METHOD FOR THE VISUAL ANALYSIS OF NARRATIVE DATA
Authors: Contandriopoulos D , Larouche C 
Published: April 2015

This presentation proposes and showcases an innovative method for the visual analysis of narrative data. This method rests on three steps: the transformation of narrative data into relational data, the use of graph optimization algorithms derived from social network analysis (SNA), and, finally, the visual analysis of the resulting sociograms. This method was developed and pilot tested in the context of a research project about stakeholders' views on the strengths and problems of Quebec's health care system, and the solutions needed to increase its performance and sustainability.SNA is a transdisciplinary methodological approach focused on understanding the structure of the relations that connect different elements. The scope of its application is very wide, from understanding the structure of molecular interactions and disease transmission in epidemiology to the analysis of kinship structures and community organization in anthropology. Although SNA has a long tradition in social sciences, its mainstream acceptance is recent.This presentation begins with a brief summary of the specificity, origins and evolution of SNA tools, followed by a discussion on how the reliance on relational analysis differentiates SNA from other paradigms used in qualitative and quantitative analysis. It then provides an overview of the narrative data analysis method we developed and illustrates it via a case study on different perspectives of the Quebec health care system. Lastly, we outline the originality, potential and applicability of using SNA-based methods to analyse narrative data collected in qualitative health research.We will argue here that examining how actors and their opinions constitute a network-like structure offers promising ways of interpreting data. In our research, the use of this method presented two main advantages. It provided powerful data visualization that facilitated the inductive identification of the underlying structure of our data. It also revealed the complexities of the links between differently positioned actors in the Quebec health care system that a personal attribute-based analytic method would have overlooked.
Aneurysm coil embolization: cost per volumetric filling analysis and strategy for cost reduction
Authors: Wang Charlie , Ching Esteban Cheng , Hui Ferdinand K 
Published: April 2015

BackgroundOne of the primary device expenditures associated with the endovascular treatment of aneurysms is that of detachable coils. Analyzing the cost efficiency of detachable coils is difficult, given the differences in design, implantable volume, and the presence of additives. However, applying a volume per cost metric may provide an index analogous to unit price found in grocery stores.MethodsThe price information for 509 different coils belonging to 31 different coil lines, available as of September 2013, was obtained through the inventory management system at the study site, and normalized to the price of the least expensive coil. Values were used to calculate the logarithmic ratio of volume over cost.ResultsOperator choice among coil sizes can vary the material costs by five-fold in a hypothetical aneurysm.ConclusionsThe difference in coil costs as a function of cost per volume of coil can vary tremendously. Using the present pricing algorithms, using the longest available length at a particular helical dimension and system yields improved efficiency.
NHANES 2009–2012 Findings: Association of Sexual Behaviors with Higher Prevalence of Oral Oncogenic Human Papillomavirus Infections in U.S. Men
Authors: Chaturvedi Anil K. , Graubard Barry I. , Broutian Tatevik , Pickard Robert K.L. , Tong Zhen-yue , Xiao Weihong , Kahle Lisa , Gillison Maura L. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV)–positive oropharyngeal cancers is higher and increasing more rapidly among men than women in the United States for unknown reasons. We compared the epidemiology of oral oncogenic HPV infection between men and women ages 14 to 69 years (N = 9,480) within the U.S. National Health and Nutritional Examination Surveys (NHANES) 2009–2012. HPV presence was detected in oral DNA by PCR. Analyses were stratified by gender and used NHANES sample weights. Oral oncogenic HPV prevalence was higher among men than women (6.6% vs. 1.5%, P &lt; 0.001), corresponding to 7.07 million men versus 1.54 million women with prevalent infection at any point in time during 2009–2012. Prevalence increased significantly with age, current smoking, and lifetime number of sexual partners for both genders (adjusted Ptrend &lt; 0.02). However, men had more partners than women (mean = 18 vs. 7, P &lt; 0.001). Although oncogenic HPV prevalence was similar for men and women with 0 to 1 lifetime partners, the male–female difference in prevalence significantly increased with number of lifetime partners (adjusted prevalence differences for none, 1, 2–5, 6–10, 11–20, and 20+ partners = 1.0%, 0.5%, 3.0%, 5.7%, 4.6%, and 9.3%, respectively). Importantly, the per-sexual partner increase in prevalence was significantly stronger among men than among women (adjusted synergy index = 3.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.1–9.7), and this increase plateaued at 25 lifetime partners among men versus10 partners among women. Our data suggest that the higher burden of oral oncogenic HPV infections and HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancers among men than women arises in part from higher number of lifetime sexual partners and stronger associations with sexual behaviors among men. Cancer Res; 75(12); 2468–77. ©2015 AACR.
Carotenoid Intake from Natural Sources and Head and Neck Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Epidemiological Studies
Authors: Leoncini Emanuele , Nedovic Darko , Panic Nikola , Pastorino Roberta , Edefonti Valeria , Boccia Stefania 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Because of their role as antioxidants, the intake of carotenoids has been hypothesized to reduce the risk of head and neck cancer (HNC). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the epidemiological studies to investigate whether the intake of specific carotenoids from dietary sources, as well as combined carotenoids, is associated with the risk of HNC according to cancer subsites. A comprehensive literature search of the Medline and Scopus databases was conducted. Sixteen articles were identified from the literature search, of which 15 were case–control studies and one prospective cohort study. The risk reduction associated with β-carotene equivalents intake was 46% (95% CI, 20%–63%) for cancer of oral cavity and 57% (95% CI, 23%–76%) for laryngeal cancer. Lycopene and β-cryptoxanthin also reduced the risk for laryngeal cancer; the ORs for the highest category compared with the lowest one of carotenoid intake were 50% (95% CI, 11%–72%) and 59% (95% CI, 49%–67%), respectively. Lycopene, α-carotene, and β-cryptoxanthin were associated with at least 26% reduction in the rate of oral and pharyngeal cancer (95% CI, 2%–44%). Our systematic review and meta-analysis on dietary carotenoids intake and HNC showed carotenoids to act protectively against HNC, in relation to most of single nutrients and subsites. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 24(7); 1003–11. ©2015 AACR.
CCR 20th Anniversary Commentary: The Development of Breast Cancer Molecular Subtyping
Authors: Nielsen Torsten O. , Perou Charles M. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
In the August 15, 2004, issue of Clinical Cancer Research, Nielsen and colleagues demonstrated how a cancer subtype identified by gene expression profiling could be validated using a widely accessible technology (immunohistochemistry). This opened the door to large-scale studies of archival cohorts and clinical trials, which allowed detailed clinical understanding of a new genomic discovery. Clin Cancer Res; 21(8); 1779–81. ©2015 AACR.
See related article by Nielsen et al., Clin Cancer Res 2004;10(16) Aug 15, 2004;5367–74
Analyses of 7,635 Patients with Colorectal Cancer Using Independent Training and Validation Cohorts Show That rs9929218 in CDH1 Is a Prognostic Marker of Survival
Authors: Smith Christopher G. , Fisher David , Harris Rebecca , Maughan Timothy S. , Phipps Amanda I. , Richman Susan , Seymour Matthew , Tomlinson Ian , Rosmarin Dan , Kerr David , Chan Andrew T. , Peters Ulrike , Newcomb Polly A. , Idziaszczyk Shelley , West Hannah , Meade Angela , Kaplan Richard , Cheadle Jeremy P. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Purpose: Genome-wide association studies have identified numerous loci associated with colorectal cancer risk. Several of these have also been associated with patient survival, although none have been validated. Here, we used large independent training and validation cohorts to identify robust prognostic biomarkers for colorectal cancer.
Experimental Design: In our training phase, we analyzed 20 colorectal cancer-risk SNPs from 14 genome-wide associated loci, for their effects on survival in 2,083 patients with advanced colorectal cancer. A Cox survival model was used, stratified for treatment, adjusted for known prognostic factors, and corrected for multiple testing. Three SNPs were subsequently analyzed in an independent validation cohort of 5,552 colorectal cancer patients. A validated SNP was analyzed by disease stage and response to treatment.
Results: Three variants associated with survival in the training phase; however, only rs9929218 at 16q22 (intron 2 of CDH1, encoding E-cadherin) was significant in the validation phase. Patients homozygous for the minor allele (AA genotype) had worse survival (training phase HR, 1.43; 95% confidence intervals; CI, 1.20–1.71, P = 5.8 × 10−5; validation phase HR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.01–1.37, P = 3.2 × 10−2; combined HR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.14–1.43, P = 2.2 × 10−5). This effect was independent of known prognostic factors, and was significant amongst patients with stage IV disease (P = 2.7 × 10−5). rs9929218 was also associated with poor response to chemotherapy (P = 3.9 × 10−4).
Conclusions: We demonstrate the potential of common inherited genetic variants to inform patient outcome and show that rs9929218 identifies approximately 8% of colorectal cancer patients with poor prognosis. rs9929218 may affect CDH1 expression and E-cadherin plays a role in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition providing a mechanism underlying its prognostic potential. Clin Cancer Res; 21(15); 3453–61. ©2015 AACR.
Targeting RAS Membrane Association: Back to the Future for Anti-RAS Drug Discovery?
Authors: Cox Adrienne D. , Der Channing J. , Philips Mark R. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
RAS proteins require membrane association for their biologic activity, making this association a logical target for anti-RAS therapeutics. Lipid modification of RAS proteins by a farnesyl isoprenoid is an obligate step in that association, and is an enzymatic process. Accordingly, farnesyltransferase inhibitors (FTI) were developed as potential anti-RAS drugs. The lack of efficacy of FTIs as anticancer drugs was widely seen as indicating that blocking RAS membrane association was a flawed approach to cancer treatment. However, a deeper understanding of RAS modification and trafficking has revealed that this was an erroneous conclusion. In the presence of FTIs, KRAS and NRAS, which are the RAS isoforms most frequently mutated in cancer, become substrates for alternative modification, can still associate with membranes, and can still function. Thus, FTIs failed not because blocking RAS membrane association is an ineffective approach, but because FTIs failed to accomplish that task. Recent findings regarding RAS isoform trafficking and the regulation of RAS subcellular localization have rekindled interest in efforts to target these processes. In particular, improved understanding of the palmitoylation/depalmitoylation cycle that regulates RAS interaction with the plasma membrane, endomembranes, and cytosol, and of the potential importance of RAS chaperones, have led to new approaches. Efforts to validate and target other enzymatically regulated posttranslational modifications are also ongoing. In this review, we revisit lessons learned, describe the current state of the art, and highlight challenging but promising directions to achieve the goal of disrupting RAS membrane association and subcellular localization for anti-RAS drug development. Clin Cancer Res; 21(8); 1819–27. ©2015 AACR.
See all articles in this CCR Focus section, “Targeting RAS-Driven Cancers.”
Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Green Tea Catechins for Prostate Cancer Prevention
Authors: Kumar Nagi B. , Pow-Sang Julio , Egan Kathleen M. , Spiess Philippe E. , Dickinson Shohreh , Salup Raoul , Helal Mohamed , McLarty Jerry , Williams Christopher R. , Schreiber Fred , Parnes Howard L. , Sebti Said , Kazi Aslam , Kang Loveleen , Quinn Gwen , Smith Tiffany , Yue Binglin , Diaz Karen , Chornokur Ganna , Crocker Theresa , Schell Michael J. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Preclinical, epidemiologic, and prior clinical trial data suggest that green tea catechins (GTC) may reduce prostate cancer risk. We conducted a placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial of Polyphenon E (PolyE), a proprietary mixture of GTCs, containing 400 mg (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) per day, in 97 men with high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) and/or atypical small acinar proliferation (ASAP). The primary study endpoint was a comparison of the cumulative one-year prostate cancer rates on the two study arms. No differences in the number of prostate cancer cases were observed: 5 of 49 (PolyE) versus 9 of 48 (placebo), P = 0.25. A secondary endpoint comparing the cumulative rate of prostate cancer plus ASAP among men with HGPIN without ASAP at baseline, revealed a decrease in this composite endpoint: 3 of 26 (PolyE) versus 10 of 25 (placebo), P &lt; 0.024. This finding was driven by a decrease in ASAP diagnoses on the Poly E (0/26) compared with the placebo arm (5/25). A decrease in serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) was observed on the PolyE arm [−0.87 ng/mL; 95% confidence intervals (CI), −1.66 to −0.09]. Adverse events related to the study agent did not significantly differ between the two study groups. Daily intake of a standardized, decaffeinated catechin mixture containing 400 mg EGCG per day for 1 year accumulated in plasma and was well tolerated but did not reduce the likelihood of prostate cancer in men with baseline HGPIN or ASAP. Cancer Prev Res; 8(10); 879–87. ©2015 AACR.
Extratropical Ocean Warming and Winter Arctic Sea Ice Cover since the 1990s
Authors: Li Fei , Wang Huijun , Gao Yongqi 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Despite the fact that the Arctic Oscillation (AO) has reached a more neutral state and a global-warming hiatus has occurred in winter since the late 1990s, the Arctic sea ice cover (ASIC) still shows a pronounced decrease. This study reveals a close connection (R = 0.5) between the extratropical sea surface temperature (ET-SST) and ASIC in winter from 1994 to 2013. In response to one positive (negative) unit of deviation in the ET-SST pattern, the ASIC decreases (increases) in the Barents–Kara Seas and Hudson Bay (the Baffin Bay and Bering Sea) by 100–400 km2. This relationship might be maintained because of the impact of warming extratropical oceans on the polar vortex. Positive SST anomalies in the midlatitudes of the North Pacific and Atlantic (around 40°N) strengthen the equatorward planetary wave propagation, whereas negative SST anomalies in the high latitudes weaken the upward planetary wave propagation from the lower troposphere to the stratosphere. The former indicates a strengthening of the poleward meridional eddy momentum flux, and the latter implies a weakening of the poleward eddy heat flux, which favors an intensified upper-level polar night jet and a colder polar vortex, implying a stronger-than-normal polar vortex. Consequently, an anomalous cyclone emerges over the eastern Arctic, limiting or encouraging the ASIC by modulating the mean meridional heat flux. A possible reason for the long-term changes in the relationship between the ET-SST and ASIC is also discussed.
Parents’ expressed emotion and mood, rather than their physical disability are associated with adolescent adjustment: a longitudinal study of families with a parent with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Bogosian Angeliki , Hadwin Julie , Hankins Matthew , Moss-Morris Rona 
Published: April 2015

Objective: This study investigated the impact of the severity of parental multiple sclerosis, parents’ expressed emotion and psychological well-being on offspring’s psychological difficulties. Design: A longitudinal study including baseline and 6-month follow-up data collected from parents and children. Subjects: Adolescents ( n=75), their parents with multiple sclerosis ( n=56) and the partner without multiple sclerosis ( n=40). Main measures: Parents completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Five Minutes Speech Sample, a standardised interview of expressed emotion towards their child. Parents with multiple sclerosis also completed the Expanded Disability Status Scale, a measure of illness severity. Adolescents completed the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire, a self-report measure of psychological difficulties. Results: Higher depression scores of the parents with multiple sclerosis at baseline correlated with increased adolescents’ internalising symptoms at 6-month follow-up (γdep=0.31, P=.004). Higher expressed emotion scores of parents with multiple sclerosis at baseline were associated with increased adolescent externalising symptoms at 6-month follow-up (γEE=4.35, P=.052). There was no direct effect of severity, duration or type of multiple sclerosis on adolescents’ adjustment at baseline or follow-up. Conclusions: Emotional distress and expressed emotion in parents with multiple sclerosis, rather than the severity and type of multiple sclerosis had an impact on adolescents’ psychological difficulties.
Developing an occupation- and recovery-based outcome measure for people with mental health conditions: An action research study
Authors: Boniface Gail , Humpage Sally , Awatar Sally , Reagon Carly 
Published: April 2015

Introduction An action research study was carried out to develop an outcome measure for a community outreach service known as HiWay. The service is run by Mind Monmouthshire, in Wales, with input from local occupational therapists. It aims to facilitate mental health recovery through engagement in community occupations. Method Seven cycles of reflection and action were undertaken by HiWay staff, occupational therapists, service users and university researchers. Data in the form of audio recordings and field notes of group meetings were analysed between each cycle. Findings Participants suggested that outcome measurement needs to be service user led in terms of the nature and size of outcomes and when and how often a measure is used. They argued that terminology around outcomes needs to be accessible and motivational. Participants also suggested that outcome measures have the potential to become central to resilience-building for people with mental health problems. Conclusion Through action research, service users and staff from different agencies can be involved in service level change such as the design and implementation of an outcome measure.
Ethical tensions in occupational therapy practice: A scoping review
Authors: Bushby Kathryn , Chan Jody , Druif Shawna , Ho Kim , Kinsella Elizabeth Anne 
Published: April 2015

Introduction Ethical tensions are an unavoidable part of occupational therapy practice. Given the significance of this, and the divergent nature of the literature, a need was identified for a systematic examination of the published literature on this topic. The purpose of this scoping review therefore was to identify, summarize, and describe existing literature on ethical tensions in occupational therapy practice. Method A comprehensive scoping review was conducted. In the initial search, 459 articles, spanning a 13-year time frame, were retrieved from six databases; 32 articles met the criteria for full review. Results Seven themes were identified that highlighted ethical tensions related to: (a) resource and systemic issues; (b) upholding ethical principles and values; (c) client safety; (d) working with vulnerable clients; (e) interpersonal conflicts; (f) upholding professional standards and (g) practice management. Conclusion This scoping review highlights a breadth of ethical tensions that have implications for practice, education, policy and research. It represents an important first step in mapping knowledge about ethical tensions in occupational therapy practice, and lays a foundation for future research directions.