bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Local and Remote Atmosphere‐Ocean Coupling During Extreme Warming Events Impacting Subsurface Ocean Temperature in an Antarctic Embayment
Authors: Piñones A. , Aziares‐Aguayo N. , Amador‐Véliz P. , Mercado‐Peña O. , González‐Reyes A. , Valdivia N. , Garcés‐Vargas J. , Garrido I. , Pardo L. M. , Höfer J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCoastal ocean temperatures can respond to different atmospheric and oceanic processes at local spatial scales or through remote teleconnections. This study focused on subsurface ocean temperatures (subT) at 10 m depth in Maxwell Bay, northern Antarctic Peninsula from February 2017 and January 2022. It investigated extreme warming events during austral summers and their interaction with atmospheric and oceanic conditions regionally and locally. The analysis identified active and extreme Marine Heat Waves (MHWs) in March 2017 and January‐February 2020 associated with a significantly negative Southern Annular Mode index observed 3–4 months before the temperature increase. In March 2017, temperatures exceeded the climatological mean by over 1°C. This anomaly was linked to a strengthened Amundsen Sea Low and a blocking anticyclone moving between the Scotia Sea and the South‐West Atlantic Ocean that deflected westerly winds and facilitated the anomalous transport of warmer northern air masses to the AP. In January‐February 2020, the highest recorded subT was observed (2.97°C), although air‐sea heat fluxes did not show a similar pattern. In February 2020, one of the most intense atmospheric heatwaves ever recorded in West Antarctica was observed. This heatwave corresponded with maximum subT and positive sea surface temperature anomalies extending throughout the western region of the Southern Ocean, related to an extremely negative Southern Annular Mode. This study provides valuable insights into the impact of strong MHWs, a phenomenon that has been less documented in Antarctic coastal regions.
Interplanetary Influence on Thermospheric Mass Density: Insights From Deep Learning Analyses
Authors: Li Wenbo , Liu Libo , Chen Yiding , Zhou Yi‐Jia , Le Huijun , Zhang Ruilong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this study, the thermospheric mass density (TMD) features observed by the CHAllenging Minisatellite Payload between 2002 and 2010 were extracted using deep learning (DL) technology; the TMD features were then mapped and modeled with the Interplanetary environment information (IEI), solar radiation, and geomagnetic indices. The DL model was used to simulate the TMD features during Day of Year (DOY) 222–241 in 2014, a period that experienced complex solar‐terrestrial environmental variations. We explore the TMD features under different solar‐terrestrial environmental conditions and discuss the effects of various inputs by comparing the DL simulation results with satellite observations from Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment‐A and Swarm‐A, as well as the simulation results from Jacchia‐Bowman 2008, Naval Research Laboratory Mass Spectrometer Incoherent Scatter radar model 2.1, and Drag Temperature Model 2013. These results show that the DL model can better capture the TMD features after adding IEI. Part of these TMD features, including the high‐latitude TMD enhancement during the space hurricane event (DOY 232, 2014) and global TMD variations under complex solar‐terrestrial environmental disturbances (DOY 222–225, 2014), cannot be well described by the geomagnetic indices. The DL model indicates that the east‐west component of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF By) has a great impact on TMD variations, and its modulation is different from the typical energy injection process during storms. Our results emphasize the crucial influence of IEI on TMD under both geomagnetic disturbances and quiet conditions.
Exploring physicochemical characteristics of cyclodextrin through M-polynomial indices
Authors: Rauf Abdul , Naeem Muhammad , Ramzan Rahila , Cham Alhagie 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCyclodextrin, a potent anti-tumor medication utilized predominantly in ovarian and breast cancer treatments, encounters significant challenges such as poor solubility, potential side effects, and resistance from tumor cells. Combining cyclodextrin with biocompatible substrates offers a promising strategy to address these obstacles. Understanding the atomic structure and physicochemical properties of cyclodextrin and its derivatives is essential for enhancing drug solubility, modification, targeted delivery, and controlled release. In this study, we investigate the topological indices of cyclodextrin using algebraic polynomials, specifically the degree-based M-polynomial and neighbor degree-based M-polynomial. By computing degree-based and neighbor degree-based topological indices, we aim to elucidate the structural characteristics of cyclodextrin and provide insights into its physicochemical behavior. The computed indices serve as predictive tools for assessing the health benefits and therapeutic efficacy of cyclodextrin-based formulations. In addition, we examined that the computed indices showed a significant relationship with the physicochemical characteristics of antiviral drugs. Graphical representations of the computed results further facilitate the visualization and interpretation of cyclodextrin's molecular structure, aiding researchers in designing novel drug delivery systems with improved pharmacological properties.
Anodal tDCS improves the effect of neuromuscular training on the feedforward activity of lower extremity muscles in female taekwondo athletes with dynamic knee valgus
Authors: Moshashaei Mozhdeh Sadat , Gandomi Farzaneh , Amiri Ehsan , Maffulli Nicola 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTranscranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can increase cortical excitability of a targeted brain area. This study aimed to investigate the effect of adding anodal-tDCS (a-tDCS) to neuromuscular training (NMT) on the dynamic knee valgus (DKV) and feedforward activity (FFA) of knee muscles. Thirty-four Taekwondo athletes with DKV, were randomly assigned to either NMT + a-tDCS (N = 17) or NMT + sham tDCS (N = 17). DKV and the knee muscles' FFA at the moment of single and double-leg landing and lateral hopping tasks were evaluated before and after the interventions. DKV and FFA of the knee muscles was improved in all tasks (P < 0.05), however, between-group differences were not significant (P > 0.05). The FFA of the semitendinosus, vastus medialis, gluteus medius, and gastrocnemius muscles in the single-leg landing (P < 0.05), the gluteus medius, gluteus maximus, semitendinosus, biceps femoris, and gastrocnemius muscles in the double-leg landing (P < 0.05), and the gluteus medius, gluteus maximus, and gastrocnemius muscles in the lateral hopping (P < 0.05) tasks were significantly different between the groups. A-tDCS achieved significantly larger improvements in the feedforward activity of lower extremity muscles compared with sham-tDCS. However, between-group comparisons did not show a significant difference in DKV.
Evaluating stability and bioactivity of Rehmannia-derived nanovesicles during storage
Authors: Chen Xiaohang , He Lianghang , Chen Yao , Zheng Genggeng , Su Yating , Chen Yingcong , Zheng Dali , Lu Youguang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPlant-derived nanovesicles (PDNVs) have garnered growing attention in the biomedical field owing to their abundance in plant-derived ribonucleic acids (RNA), proteins, lipids and metabolites. The question about the preservation of PDNVs is a crucial and unavoidable concern in both experiments’ settings and their potential clinical application. The objective of this research was to examine the impact of varying storage temperatures on the stability and bioactivity of Rehmannia-derived nanovesicles (RDNVs). The results showed that RDNVs aggregated after 2 weeks of storage period at 4 °C, and the particle size of some RDNVs gradually increased with time, along with the increase of solution potential. After 2 months of storage, all RDNVs exhibited varying levels of aggregation irrespective of storage temperature. The bioactivities of nanovesicles under different temperature storage conditions revealed a gradual decline in cell proliferation inhibition bioactivity over time, significantly lower than that of freshly prepared RDNVs. In contrast, the preservation of anti-migratory activity in RDNVs was found to be more effective when subjected to rapid freezing in liquid nitrogen followed by storage at − 80 °C, as opposed to direct storage at − 80 °C. These findings suggest that temperature alone may not be sufficient in safeguarding the activity and stability of RDNVs, highlighting the necessity for the development of novel protective agents for PDNVs.
Multiparametric MRI based assessment of kidney injury in a mouse model of ischemia reperfusion injury
Authors: Mukherjee Soham , Bhaduri Sourav , Harwood Rachel , Murray Patricia , Wilm Bettina , Bearon Rachel , Poptani Harish 
Published: August 2024

AbstractKidney diseases pose a global healthcare burden, with millions requiring renal replacement therapy. Ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) is a common pathology of acute kidney injury, causing hypoxia and subsequent inflammation-induced kidney damage. Accurate detection of acute kidney injury due to IRI is crucial for timely intervention. We used longitudinal, multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) employing arterial spin labelling (ASL), diffusion weighted imaging (DWI), and dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE)-MRI to assess IRI induced changes in both the injured and healthy contralateral kidney, in a unilateral IRI mouse model (n = 9). Multi-parametric MRI demonstrated significant differences in kidney volume (p = 0.001), blood flow (p = 0.002), filtration coefficient (p = 0.038), glomerular filtration rate (p = 0.005) and apparent diffusion coefficient (p = 0.048) between the injured kidney and contralateral kidney on day 1 post-IRI surgery. Identification of the injured kidney using principal component analysis including most of the imaging parameters demonstrated an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.97. These results point to the utility of multi-parametric MRI in early detection of IRI-induced kidney damage suggesting that the combination of various MRI parameters may be suitable for monitoring the extent of injury in this model.
A qualitative exploration of the patient journey in axial spondyloarthritis towards a people-centered understanding
Authors: Berr Kristina , Ziehfreund Stefanie , Welcker Martin , Biedermann Tilo , Zink Alexander 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis exploratory qualitative study aims to gain a people-centered understanding of the patient journey in axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 individuals diagnosed with axSpA, aged 18 years and older, who were purposively recruited from a rheumatologic practice in southern Germany. The interviews were carried out as web-based video calls between September and October 2021, audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed according to Kuckartz’s qualitative content analysis. Patient journey narratives encompassed both healthcare journeys and personal journeys. Healthcare journeys were characterized as fragmented and difficult to navigate, with diagnosis often marking a turning point toward more coordinated care. Post-diagnosis, new challenges emerged (e.g., time management for treatment). Personal journeys comprised perceptions of axSpA in social contexts (e.g., stigmatization) and the continuous interplay of comorbidities and biographical events with healthcare related to axSpA. This study proposes a people-centered perspective on the patient journey in axSpA, emphasizing the interplay of biographies, comorbidities, and social context with healthcare events. Recognizing these personal factors in clinical practice is encouraged to address complex health needs and tailor treatment to each individual. Further efforts should promote collaboration between medical disciplines and integrate healthcare and social support at all stages of the axSpA patient journey.
FEM analysis of a highly birefringent modified slotted core circular PCF for endlessly single mode operation across E to L telecom bands
Authors: Halder Amit , Arafat Yeasin , Ahmed Imtiage , Ahsan Muhammad , Siddiquee Zubairia , Tanshen Riyad , Anower Shamim 
Published: August 2024

This paper describes an exceptionally high birefringent modified slotted core circular photonic crystal fiber (MSCCPCF). At the 1.55 μm telecommunication wavelength, the proposed fiber structure aims to achieve exceptional birefringence performance through the thoughtful placement of air holes and the incorporation of slots. The optical properties of the proposed MSCCPCF are rigorously simulated using the finite element method (FEM). The FEM simulations show high birefringence of up to 8.795 × 10−2 at 1.55 μm. The suggested fiber exhibits single mode behavior in the E to L communication bands (Veff < 2.405). Numerous geometric factors and their effects on other optical properties, such as birefringence, beat length (17.62 μm) and dispersion coefficient (−310.8 ps/(nm · km)) have been meticulously studied. The proposed fiber’s viability and potential uses are evaluated by analyzing modal features like nonlinearity (21.76 W−1 km−1), confinement loss (5.615 × 10−11 dB/cm), and dispersion. The proposed fiber structure has potential for use in polarization-maintaining devices, sensors, and other photonic applications requiring high birefringence and tailored optical properties.
An Individualistic Homoeopathic Approach in a Case of Infected Epidermal Naevus—A Case Report
Authors: Das Torsa 
Published: August 2024

AbstractNaevi are circumscribed developmental defects or the lack of one or more components of the skin that manifest as overgrowths or hamartomas derived from embryonic ectoderm. The majority of naevi are present at birth or appear soon after birth. Naevi can be infected by various organisms, particularly by Staphylococcus, without other systemic involvement, similar to the skin. A 30-year-old male patient presented with an infected, painful congenital epidermal naevus on the anterior side of his right thigh. He experienced severe itching, burning, and sudden blister formation. After treatment, the infection completely resolved, leaving the naevus without any complications. Possible causal attribution of these changes was determined using the Modified Naranjo Criteria (score: 8 out of 13). No recurrence of further infection was reported in the next year, demonstrating the positive curative role of individualized homeopathic treatment in a case of infected epidermal naevus.
Bayesian Neural Network Variational Autoencoder Inverse Mapper (BNN-VAIM) and its application in Compton Form Factors extraction
Authors: Hossen MD Fayaz Bin , Alghamdi Tareq , Almaeen Manal , Li Yaohang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We extend the Variational Autoencoder Inverse Mapper (VAIM) framework for the inverse problem of extracting Compton Form Factors (CFFs) from deeply virtual exclusive reactions, such as the unpolarized Deeply virtual exclusive scattering (DVCS) cross section. VAIM is an end-to-end deep learning framework to address the solution ambiguity issue in ill-posed inverse problems, which comprises of a forward mapper and a backward mapper to simulate the forward and inverse processes, respectively. In particular, we incorporate Bayesian Neural Network (BNN) into the VAIM architecture (BNN-VAIM) for uncertainty quantification. By sampling the weights and biases distributions of the BNN in the backward mapper of the VAIM, BNN-VAIM is able to estimate prediction uncertainty associated with each individual solution obtained for an ill-posed inverse problem. We first demonstrate the uncertainty quantification capability of BNN-VAIM in a toy inverse problem. Then, we apply BNN-VAIM to the inverse problem of extracting 8 CFFs from the unpolarized DVCS cross section.
Optimization design of the cavity tuning and RF input coupler for an 11 MeV superconducting cyclotron
Authors: Wu Yue , He Zi-Feng , Wan Wei-Shi , Zheng Pan-Pan , Dai Zhi-Min 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This study addresses the compact design requirements for a
11 MeV superconducting cyclotron utilized in isotope production by
proposing a design and optimization scheme for a radio frequency
(RF) input coupling system. The system, comprising a coupler loop,
transmission lines, and RF window, has been tailored to accommodate
the spatial constraints imposed by the super conducting magnet
radius, thereby facilitating efficient RF power transfer to the RF
cavity and minimizing input power. Structural optimization of the
coupler loop and RF window has achieved S11 parameter of
-82.23 dB, significantly reducing input power while maintaining
high coupling efficiency. A coaxial coupler suitable for lower
frequency ranges has been designed, employing a tapered structure
for the transmission line to ensure a smooth transition to reduce
impedance discontinuity effects and enhance adjustability. The
multi-stage design of the RF window has achieved fine impedance
matching, significantly lowering the S11 parameter. In response to
frequency drift caused by RF loss and temperature increase, the
study utilizes perturbation theory to analyze the perturbation
effect of coupling components on the resonant frequency, designing
an adjustable structure with both coarse and precise tuning
capabilities, realizing tuning precision at the kHz/mm level and a
tuning range of several MHz. A conjectural formula has been proposed
based on the impact of the tuner's structural parameters on the
resonant frequency, accurately calculating the equivalent inductance
of the tuner and the resonant frequency of the RF cavity post-tuner
installation, with the maximum estimation error of the resonant
frequency kept within 0.1%, offering significant guidance for
engineering design.
Embedded FPGA developments in 130 nm and 28 nm CMOS for machine learning in particle detector readout
Authors: Gonski J. , Gupta A. , Jia H. , Kim H. , Rota L. , Ruckman L. , Dragone A. , Herbst R. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Embedded field programmable gate array (eFPGA) technology
allows the implementation of reconfigurable logic within the design
of an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). This approach
offers the low power and efficiency of an ASIC along with the ease
of FPGA configuration, particularly beneficial for the use case of
machine learning in the data pipeline of next-generation collider
experiments. An open-source framework called “FABulous” was used
to design eFPGAs using 130 nm and 28 nm CMOS technology nodes,
which were subsequently fabricated and verified through testing.
The capability of an eFPGA to act as a front-end readout chip was
assessed using simulation of high energy particles passing through a
silicon pixel sensor. A machine learning-based classifier, designed
for reduction of sensor data at the source, was synthesized and
configured onto the eFPGA. A successful proof-of-concept was
demonstrated through reproduction of the expected algorithm result
on the eFPGA with perfect accuracy. Further development of the
eFPGA technology and its application to collider detector readout is
discussed.
Assessing urban water-energy nexus characteristics in China and the US
Authors: Wu Xiaomeng , Liu Yi , Yu Zongqi , Jiang Jitong , Wang Chunyan , Zhao Bu 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The Water-Energy Nexus (WEN) provides a comprehensive concept for the cooperative management of resources. Although the WEN system in cities is intricately connected to socioeconomic activities, relationship between WEN and economic systems remains understudied. This study introduces a tri-dimensional Nexus Pressure Index (NPI) to assess the pressure on WEN system. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita and city tiers in the urban agglomeration were used to assess the relationship between the characteristics of WEN and economic system. We conducted a case study of 296 cities in China and 1330 counties in the United States from 2012 to 2019. During the 9 year study period, on average, pressure on WEN system have relieved by 22% in China and 27% in the United States, measured by NPI. Cities with most ideal characteristics (low pressure in all dimensions) rank merely in the middle of all eight classes, with GDP per capita 74% and 85% of the highest-GDP-per-capita class in China and the US respectively. Well-performing WEN system does not yield best economic outcomes. High water pressure correlates with better economic performance in the US, while high-energy-pressure cities had GDP per capita about 50% and 70% of the class with highest GDP per capita in China and the US, respectively, suggesting stronger economic constraints from energy stress. Urban agglomeration analysis revealed a negative relationship between WEN and economic performance. NPI in emerging cities is 0.6–1 lower than NPI in regionally-central cities in China, while 0.2–0.5 lower in the US. These results underscore the contradiction between preferred WEN characteristics and higher economic performance, and underpin the resource curse hypothesis at city-level in the two considered giants. A sustainable approach to harmonize WEN and economic system is in urgent need.
Dominant features of phasic evolutions in the winter Arctic-midlatitude linkage since 1979
Authors: Wang Yuxin , Wu Bingyi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Over the past decades, the Arctic-midlatitude linkage has been extensively explored. Recent studies have suggested that the characteristics of phasic evolutions in the relationship between the Arctic warming and midlatitudes remain elusive. Therefore, this study systematically investigates this issue by using running empirical orthogonal function and moving correlation, and the results show a phasic alternation process in the relationship between the tropospheric thickness over the Barents–Kara Seas (BKS) and East Asian temperature, characterized by a phasic weak (P1: 1979–2000)–strong (P2: 2001–2011)–weak (P3: 2012–2021) connection. Our results highlight that since the winter of 2010, despite the Arctic sea ice being in an exceptionally reduced phase and continuous Arctic warming, the Arctic-midlatitude connection has not exhibited sustained strengthening relative to P2 phase. Moreover, it is found that changes of the connection between the BKS warming and the East Asian winter Monsoon may contribute to this phasic evolution, and the Arctic Oscillation plays an important role in modulating their phasic evolutions. The conclusions of this study help to deepen our understanding of the evolution of the strength and weakness of the relationship between Arctic warming and climate variations in midlatitudes.