bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Design Methodology for Energy Infrastructures at the Campus Scale
Authors: Lee Sang Hoon , Augenbroe Godfried , Lee Jin‐Kook , Zhao Fei 
Published: October 2015

AbstractTo improve the design of large‐scale energy infrastructures such as campuses, energy managers need to predict the outcomes of interventions in buildings, as well as have sufficient insights in the implications of changes to the supply and generation network. This article develops a methodology to express overall network energy performance (NEP) with the aim to manage the properties of and multiple relationships between energy consumers and producers in the network. It is based on a directed graph that contains consumers and producers at its nodes, while the connecting arcs represent modes of energy exchange, thus expressing the overall energy topology. The NEP model supports decisions at the generation side, the consumption side, and defines the macroenergy connections, that is, which consumer nodes connect to which suppliers. Our approach forms a bridge between two competing approaches at opposite ends of the spectrum, (1) network models that use high‐fidelity dynamic building simulation models but typically break down under the computational weight of hundreds of buildings, and (2) the large scale geographical information system (GIS) approaches that are capable to handle large urban collections of buildings but whose building models are typically too shallow to inspect individual building performance. As an example, the article illustrates the use of the NEP model in the support of systematic improvement of a university campus energy performance.
Preoperative screening for sickle cell disease in children: a pragmatic solution in a UK district hospital
Authors: Jemmett Kim , Williams Andrew 
Published: October 2015

SummarySickle cell disease and other hemoglobin disorders are becoming increasingly prevalent across the whole of Europe and hence within our anesthetic practice. Despite this, there still appears to be a largely varied consensus on when preoperative sickle cell testing is necessary in the pediatric population. In this article, we describe one approach adopted in a district hospital within London to simplify this problem.
Contemporary Ordinary Language Philosophy
Authors: Hansen Nat 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThere is a widespread assumption that ordinary language philosophy was killed off sometime in the 1960s or 70s by a combination of Gricean pragmatics and the rapid development of systematic semantic theory.Contrary to that widespread assumption, however, contemporary versions of ordinary language philosophy are alive and flourishing but going by various aliases – in particular (some versions of) ‘contextualism’ and (some versions of) ‘experimental philosophy’. And a growing group of contemporary philosophers are explicitly embracing the title as well as the methods of ordinary language philosophy and arguing that it has been unfairly maligned and was never decisively refuted. In this overview, I will outline the main projects and arguments employed by contemporary ordinary language philosophers and make the case that updated versions of the arguments made by ordinary language philosophers in the middle of the 20th century are attracting renewed attention.
Prophylactic properties of a Leishmania‐specific hypothetical protein in a murine model of visceral leishmaniasis
Authors: Lage D. P. , Martins V. T. , Duarte M. C. , Garde E. , Chávez‐Fumagalli M. A. , Menezes‐Souza D. , Roatt B. M. , Tavares C. A. P. , Soto M. , Coelho E. A. F. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryIn this work, the effect of vaccination of a newly described Leishmania infantum antigenic protein has been studied in BALB/c mice infected with this parasite species. The LiHyD protein was characterized after a proteomic screening performed with the sera from dogs suffering visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Its recombinant version was expressed, purified and administered to BALB/c mice in combination with saponin. As a result of vaccination and 10 weeks after challenge using an infective dose of L. infantum stationary promastigotes, vaccinated mice showed lower parasite burdens in different organs (liver, spleen, bone marrow and footpads’ draining lymph nodes) than mice inoculated with the adjuvant alone or the vaccine diluent. Protected mice showed anti‐Leishmania IgG2a antibodies and a predominant IL‐12‐driven IFN‐γ production (mainly produced by CD4+ T cells) against parasite proteins, whereas unprotected controls showed anti‐Leishmania IgG1 antibodies and parasite‐mediated IL‐4 and IL‐10 responses. Vaccinated mice showed an anti‐LiHyD IgG2a humoral response, and their spleen cells were able to secrete LiHyD‐specific IFN‐γ, IL‐12 and GM‐CSF cytokines before and after infection. The protection was correlated with the Leishmania‐specific production on nitric oxide. Altogether, the results indicate that the new LiHyD protein could be considered in vaccine formulations against VL.
Smugglers, Fayuqueros, Piratas: Transitory Commodities and Illegality in the Trade of Pirated CDs in Mexico
Authors: Aguiar José Carlos G. 
Published: October 2015

The emergence of “pirated” CDs and DVDs has transformed street commerce and marketplaces across Latin America, as it has in many regions of the world. The dominant punitive perspective on intellectual property rights defines the unauthorized reproduction and commercialization of copyright‐protected material as organized crime. The antipiracy discourse is focused on the control of the commodity, but overlooks the locality and the spatial and political entanglements of the market for piracy. Based on ethnographic material, this article documents the rise of copied CDs in the San Juan de Dios market in Guadalajara, a marketplace that works as a hub for the smuggling of piracy in Mexico. The purpose of this article is twofold: to capture the emergence of pirated CDs in a local context, and to pose questions about the alleged links between piracy and drug trafficking in Mexico. These issues are useful for understanding the entanglement and limits of criminal and informal economies in Latin America.
Many illegal‐labeled activities have much legitimate life in society (or in particular groups), and under such circumstances the state response constitutes bad law, adding to illegality and prosecution, including wars of various sorts, that are morally worse than the original violation. [Heyman and Smart 1999:21]
Belief is Contingently Involuntary
Authors: Booth Anthony Robert 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe debate between “Normativists” and “Teleologists” about the normativity of belief has been taken to hinge on the question of which of the two views bestexplains why it is that we cannot (non‐contingently) believe at will. Of course, this presupposes that there is an explanation to be had. Here, I argue that this supposition is unwarranted, that Doxastic Involuntarism is merely contingently true. I argue that this is made apparent when we consider that suspended judgement must be involuntary if belief is, that suspended judgment is not a belief (or set of beliefs), and that the aim or norm of suspended judgement cannot be constitutive if suspended judgement is not a belief (or set of beliefs).
Proud to be a nurse? Recently graduated nurses' experiences in municipal health care settings
Authors: Sneltvedt Torild , Bondas Terese 
Published: October 2015

BackgroundRecently graduated nurses are the future of the nursing profession and the municipal health care that will need nursing competency for an increasing number of frail elderly persons. This study is part of a larger project on newly graduated nurses where previous research indicated that building professional pride at their workplace could be important for remaining in the profession and in municipal health care. However, the recently graduated nurse's first job assignment in municipal health care can also be a critical period with cuts in their pride as nurses who may have an impact on nursing care for their patients.AimThe aim of this study is to illuminate recently graduated nurses' experiences with professional pride in municipal health and care services.MethodsA phenomenological hermeneutic approach was chosen to illuminate meaning. A purposive sample of eight recently graduated nurses working in nursing homes or home health care was chosen for this study with narrative interviews and diaries.FindingsThree themes were identified: doing the good thing and doing what is right; being recognized and confirmed; and finally thriving in a community of practice. An important source of pride is the relation to patients. Recently graduated nurses build their professional pride in an active and social process in a community of practice. The first cut in their professional pride seems to take place when they were not recognized and confirmed as professional persons.ConclusionRecently graduated nurses in municipal health care describe their professional pride as a complex phenomenon with relational, dynamic and collective dimensions. The cuts in their pride may hurt their identity and nursing care.
Wage‐Earners' Welfare after Economic Reform: Refurbishing, Retrenching or Hollowing Out Social Protection in Australia and New Zealand?
Authors: Wilson Shaun , Spies‐Butcher Benjamin , Stebbing Adam , St John Susan 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAustralia and New Zealand developed distinctive ‘wage‐earner welfare states’, with social protection largely delivered through high breadwinner basic incomes and residual social policies. Market reforms then pursued in both countries during the 1980s and 1990s retrenched important elements of the Antipodean model. Our article offers a novel characterization of major reforms to both welfare states from the mid‐1990s to the early 2010s. We focus on industrial relations, as a form of wage‐earner welfare, and expansions to social provision for families and retirees that may be viewed as responding to the evolving needs of wage‐earners as family patterns diversify and populations age. Policy reversals complicate the picture of the long‐term path of industrial relations. Voters rejected the Employment Contracts Act in New Zealand in 2000 and WorkChoices in Australia in 2007, with incoming labour governments moderating policy to favour wage‐earner expectations of decent wages and fair bargaining. Alongside this, governments expanded both paternalistic social policies and private social provision. We argue these changes taken together produced a ‘hollowing out’ of wage‐earner welfare in both countries, accompanied by increasingly stratified welfare, which marginalizes and stigmatizes many outside the workforce. But, we also note persistent differences, reflecting the more radical and ‘pure’ New Zealand experiment, its relatively centralized politics and stronger liberal tradition. Hence, Australia retains more progressive taxation and family support less connected with employment status, while making greater use of tax expenditures to support private welfare.
The Global Financial Crisis and Child Poverty: The Case of Australia 2006–10
Authors: Redmond Gerry , Patulny Roger , Whiteford Peter 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWhile events associated with the global financial crisis (GFC) had a profound impact on real family incomes and well‐being in many rich countries, impacts in Australia were relatively minor. One reason for this was the massive policy response by the Australian government at the outset of the GFC, which pumped billions of dollars into the pockets of low and middle income families. This article examines the impact of this stimulus on child poverty in Australia in the context of longer‐term policies on income support for families with children. We show that the emphasis of longer‐term policy has been to moderate support for families with children and that, since the mid‐1990s, rates of relative child poverty have not fallen. We find that while the impact of the stimulus was to reduce child poverty, the underlying trajectory of policies towards family assistance and child poverty in Australia has not changed, and therefore there is no expectation that child poverty will continue to fall in the future.
From a Garbage Can to a Compost Model of Decision‐Making? Social Policy Reform and the Czech Government's Reaction to the International Financial Crisis
Authors: Saxonberg Steven , Sirovátka Tomáš 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis article argues that the financial crisis did not have a strong impact on Czech social policy. In contrast to the garbage‐can model, in which policymakers wait for a ‘window of opportunity’ to implement radical reforms, the Czech centre‐right parties instead used the crisis as a means of continuing their market‐liberal reforms that they had initiated before the crisis had even begun. Since they had extremely little public support for their reforms, they tried to bring about gradual change. Thus, instead of pulling radical reforms out of the garbage‐can, Czech right‐wing politicians have tended to take out smaller biodegradable goods that can decay and compost into fertile ground in order to sow the seeds of gradual change.
Smart Policies or Sheer Luck? Labour Market Resilience in the Low Countries
Authors: Fenger Menno , Koster Ferry , Struyven Ludo , van der Veen Romke 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis article explores the labour market resilience of Belgium and the Netherlands. We define labour market resilience as the capacity of labour markets to resist, withstand or quickly recover from negative exogenous shocks and disturbances and to renew, adjust or re‐orientate in order to benefit from positive shocks. This article focuses on the labour market consequences of the crisis in these two countries and discusses their policy responses. Belgium and the Netherlands are often considered as comparable countries because of their open economies, their institutional characteristics and the fact that they usually are grouped together in the same welfare regimes. This article clearly shows that there are considerable differences between the countries. Although both countries have managed to limit the labour market consequences of the crisis, they have done so through the application of different interventions and reforms. From the comparison of these two countries we distillate more general conclusions about the factors that promote or limit labour market resilience.
Temperature and Time Dependence on Recovery Stress Relaxation in Nickel Titanium Wire during Isothermal Holding at High Temperatures
Authors: Yan X. J. , Van Humbeeck J. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTIn this study, the influence of kinematically constrained thermal cycling (heating, isothermal holding and cooling) on the recovery stress in annealed nickel titanium wire was investigated. A 4% pre‐strained nickel titanium wire was heated to temperatures (150, 200, 250 and 300 °C) much higher than the austenite finish temperature. It was observed that the maximum recovery stress obtained at different conditions decreases significantly after the first thermal cycle and reduces gradually with further increasing the number of thermal cycles. It was also seen that the recovery stress increases with time during isothermal holding at 150 °C. During isothermal holding at other temperatures, the recovery stress shows an exponential decrease, and the decrease rate of the recovery stress depends on the isothermal holding temperature. The higher isothermal holding temperature is the more the recovery stress decreases. The decrease rate reduces with increasing the number of thermal cycles.
Comparative Theological Learning as an Ordinary Part of Theological Education
Authors: Clooney Francis X. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis essay argues, as its title suggests, that learning that is both comparative and theological can be an ordinary – possible, beneficial, even necessary – part of theological education and, like other fields of study, may be incorporated in the curriculum in ways that meet practical curricular needs. Once the professor has undertaken the initial, minimal learning, teaching comparatively can become a natural and integral part of any seminary course. The study of the other is not exotic or in a class by itself; if we can study our own religious tradition today, we can study others as well. The thesis is argued in several parts: (1) interreligious diversity is integral to the context of contemporary faith; (2) comparative theology engages diversity in an intentionally theological way and needs to be distinguished from other disciplines; (3) a comparative theological approach aids in the process of ensuring that attention to diversity is integral to theological education; (4) teaching comparative theology is not different from teaching other forms of theology. None of this, I suggest, requires a liberal or pluralist theological starting point.
Meeting the Familiar Yet Strange: Strategies for Introducing American Christians to Jesus and Mary as Muslims Know Them
Authors: Mosher Lucinda Allen 
Published: October 2015

AbstractJesus and Mary have been called simultaneously a bridge and a gulf between two massive, complex religion‐communities. In spite of this – and in spite of obvious distinctions between instructional venues such as a church's adult education program, a seminary classroom, or a required university theology course – a fairly consistent set of strategies work well when helping Christians understand Jesus and Mary as Muslims known them. Gaining such familiarity is useful preparation for Christians' eventual appreciative conversation with Muslims.
Perceived Exertion of Physical Activity During Pregnancy
Authors: Marshall Mallory R. , Pivarnik James M. 
Published: October 2015

Background:Maternal physical activity declines across gestation, possibly due to changing perception of physical activity intensity. Our purpose was to a) determine whether rating of perceived exertion (RPE) during a treadmill exercise changes at a given energy expenditure, and b) identify the influence of prepregnancy physical activity behavior on this relationship.Methods:Fifty-one subjects were classified as either exercisers (N = 26) or sedentary (N = 25). Participants visited our laboratory at 20 and 32 weeks gestation and at 12 weeks postpartum. At each visit, women performed 5 minutes of moderate and vigorous treadmill exercise; speed was self-selected. Heart rate (HR), oxygen consumption (VO2), and RPE were measured during the last minute at each treadmill intensity.Results:At moderate intensity, postpartum VO2 was higher compared with 20- or 32-week VO2, but there was no difference for HR or RPE. For vigorous intensity, postpartum HR and VO2 were higher than at 32 weeks, but RPE was not different at any time points.Conclusions:RPE does not differ by pregnancy time point at either moderate or vigorous intensity. However, relative to energy cost, physical activity was perceived to be more difficult at 32 weeks compared with other time points. Pregnant women, then, may compensate for physiological changes during gestation by decreasing walking/running speeds.
Microbicides Alter the Expression and Function of RND-Type Efflux Pump AdeABC in Biofilm-Associated Cells of Acinetobacter baumannii Clinical Isolates
Authors: Krishnamoorthy Suvarna , Shah Bhavikkumar P. , Lee Hiu Ham , Martinez Luis R. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT

Acinetobacter baumannii
is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes nosocomial infections worldwide. This microbe's propensity to form biofilms allows it to persist and to survive on clinical abiotic surfaces for long periods. In fact,
A. baumannii
biofilm formation and its multidrug-resistant nature severely compromise our capacity to care for patients in hospital environments. In contrast, microbicides such as cetrimide (CT) and chlorhexidine (CHX) play important roles in the prevention and treatment of infections. We assessed the efficacy of CT and CHX, either alone or in combination, in eradicating
A. baumannii
biofilms formed by clinical isolates, by using stainless steel washers to mimic hard abiotic surfaces found in hospital settings. We demonstrated that increasing amounts of each microbicide, alone or in combination, were able to damage and to reduce the viability of
A. baumannii
biofilms efficaciously. Interestingly, the
adeB
gene of the resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) family is predominantly associated with acquired resistance to antimicrobials in
A. baumannii
. We showed that CT and CHX adversely modified the expression and function of the RND-type efflux pump AdeABC in biofilm-associated
A. baumannii
cells. Furthermore, we established that these microbicides decreased the negative charges on
A. baumannii
cell membranes, causing dysregulation of the efflux pump and leading to cell death. Our findings suggest that CT and CHX, alone or in combination, can be used efficaciously for eradication of
A. baumannii
from hospital surfaces, in order to reduce infections caused by this nosocomial agent.
A Numerical Modeling of A Vascular Implantable Cardiac Endovascular Assistant (AVICENA)
Authors: Rahmani Shahrokh , Tehrani Pedram , Karimi Alireza , Alizadeh Mansour , Navidbakhsh Mahdi 
Published: October 2015

Cardiovascular diseases have been recently shown to have a pivotal role in human death and endangers lives of many people around the world. One of the most common cardiovascular diseases is poor performance of left ventricle. In this case, the ventricle cannot pump the blood into the aorta and circulatory system with a suitable power which is required for normal circulatory system. AVICENA is a new cardiac assist device which is implanted into the aorta to help the ventricle to pump the blood into circulatory system with more power and to make a better perfusion of the coronary arteries as well. To reach a desire value of rotational speed of the pump, a control circuit is designed for counterpulsation of AVICENA based on the outcomes from previous studies. This control circuit uses a PID controller. The present study aims to simulate the blood flow through the balloon part of AVICENA in a heart cycle with focusing on the calculation of its pump rotational speed by controlling the electrical current of the pump. Results revealed that the desired rotational speed of the pump can be achieved according to the previous aorta pressure cycle by electrical current control which is higher during balloon inflation in comparison with balloon deflation. These findings may have implications not only for understanding the performance of AVICENA but also to help cardiac mechanics experts to improve the shortcoming of this newborn device.
Torque Analysis of a Triple Acid‐Etched Titanium Implant Surface
Authors: Pontes Ana Emília Farias , de Toledo Cássio Torres , Garcia Valdir Gouveia , Ribeiro Fernando Salimon , Sakakura Celso Eduardo 
Published: October 2015

The present study aimed to evaluate the removal torque of titanium implants treated with triple acid etching. Twenty‐one rats were used in this study. For all animals, the tibia was prepared with a 2 mm drill, and a titanium implant (2 ×	4 mm) was inserted after treatment using the subtraction method of triple acid etching. The flaps were sutured. Seven animals were killed 14, 28, and 63 days after implant installation, and the load necessary for removing the implant from the bone was evaluated by using a torque meter. The torque values were as follows: 3.3 ± 1.7 Ncm (14 days), 2.2 ± 1.3 Ncm (28 days), and 6.7 ± 1.4 Ncm (63 days). The torque value at the final healing period (63 days) was statistically significantly different from that at other time points tested (ANOVA, p = 0.0002). This preliminary study revealed that treatment with triple acid etching can create a promising and efficient surface for the process of osseointegration.