bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurological Assessment Scores in Rabbit Embolic Stroke Models
Authors: Brown Aliza , Woods Sean , Skinner Robert , Hatton Jeff , Lowery John , Roberson Paula , Hennings Leah , Culp William C 
Published: November 2013

Background:
Neurological outcomes and behavioral assessments are widely used in animal models of stroke, but assessments in rabbit models are not fully validated. The wryneck model of neurological assessment scores (NAS) was compared to percent infarct volume (%IV) values (infarct volume is a proven clinical indicator of stroke severity) and arterial occlusion localization in three rabbit angiographic stroke models.

Hypothesis:
NAS values will correlate with percent infarct volume values.

Methods:
Anesthetized New Zealand White rabbits (N=131, 4-5 kg) received internal carotid artery emboli by angiographic catheter introduced into the femoral artery and occlusions were characterized. Rabbits were evaluated at 24 hours post embolism using the NAS test of 0 (normal) to 10 (death). Deficit criteria included neck twist, righting reflex, extension reflex in hind paw and forepaw, and posture. Brain sections stained with triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) were analyzed for %IV. Volume of the infarct was measured and calculated as a percent of the total brain volume.

Results:
The aggregate correlation for NAS values vs. %IV values was R=0.61, p<0.0001, a strong positive relationship, while correlations of the NAS components ranged from R=0.28-0.46. Occlusionsof the posterior cerebral artery vs. the middle cerebral artery alone produced significantly greater deficit scores at p<0.0001.

Conclusions:
These positive results validate the NAS system in the rabbit angiographic embolic stroke model.
Can Proopiomelanocortin Methylation Be Used as an Early Predictor of Metabolic Syndrome?
Authors: Yoo Jae Young , Lee Sangmi , Lee Hye Ah , Park Hyesook , Park Yoon Jung , Ha Eun Hee , Kim Young Ju 
Published: November 2013

OBJECTIVE
The objectives of this study were to compare early predictive marker of the metabolic syndrome with proopiomelanocortin (POMC) methylation status and to determine the association among birth weight, ponderal index, and cord blood methylation status.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We collected pregnancy outcome data from pregnant women, cord blood samples at delivery, and blood from children (7–9 years old; n = 90) through a prospective cohort study at Ewha Womans University, MokDong Hospital (Seoul, Korea), from 2003–2005. POMC methylation was assessed by pyrosequencing. We divided subjects into three groups according to cord blood POMC methylation: the low methylation (&lt;10th percentile), mid-methylation, and high methylation (&gt;90th percentile) groups. We analyzed the association of POMC methylation status at birth with adiposity and metabolic components using ANCOVA and multiple linear regression analysis.

RESULTS
Birth weights (P = 0.01) and ponderal indices (P = 0.01) in the high POMC methylation group were significantly lower than in the mid-POMC methylation group. In terms of metabolic components of childhood, blood triglycerides (57.97, 67.29 vs. 113.89 mg/dL; P = 0.03, 0.01) and insulin (7.10, 7.64 vs. 10.13 μIU/mL; P = 0.05, 0.02) at childhood were significantly higher in the high POMC methylation group than in the low and mid-POMC methylation group.

CONCLUSIONS
High POMC methylation in cord blood was associated with lower birth weight, and children with high POMC methylation in cord blood showed higher triglycerides and higher insulin concentrations in blood. Thus, POMC methylation status in cord blood may be an early predictive marker of future metabolic syndrome.
Structural and electronic properties of zincblende phase of TlxGa1−x
AsyP1−y
quaternary alloys: First-principles study
Authors: Gulebaglan Sinem , Dogan Emel , Aycibin Murat , Secuk Mehmet , Erdinc Bahattin , Akkus Harun 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Using the first-principles band-structure method, we have calculated the structural and electronic properties of zincblende TlAs, TlP, GaAs and GaP compounds and their new semiconductor TlxGa1−x
AsyP1−y
quaternary alloys. Structural properties of these semiconductors are obtained with the Perdew and Wang local-density approximation. The lattice constants of TlxGa1−x
As, TlxGa1−x
P ternary and TlxGa1−x
AsyP1−y
quaternary alloys were composed by Vegard’s law. Our investigation on the effect of the doping (Thallium and Arsenic) on lattice constants and band gap shows a non-linear dependence for TlxGa1−x
AsyP1−y
quaternary alloys. The band gap of TlxGa1−x
AsyP1−y
, E
g(x, y) concerned by the compositions x and y. To our awareness, there is no theoretical survey on TlxGa1−x
AsyP1−y
quaternary alloys and needs experimental verification.
Internal combustion engine supercharging: turbocharger vs. pressure wave compressor. Performance comparison
Authors: George Atanasiu , Chiru Anghel 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis paper aims on comparison between a turbocharged engine and a pressure wave charged engine. The comparison was accomplished using the engine simulation software AVL Boost, version 2010. The grahps were extracted using AVL Impress, version 2010. The performance increase is limited by the mechanical side of the simulated engine.
Fast presurgical magnetic resonance imaging of meniscal tears and concurrent subchondral bone marrow lesions
Authors: d'Anjou M-A. , Cabassu J. , Chailleux N. , Blond L. , Olive J. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryMeniscal tears and subchondral bone marrow lesions have both been described in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament rupture, but their possible concurrence has not been evaluated. In a population of 14 dogs exhibiting signs of stifle pain with surgically confirmed cranial cruciate ligament rupture, a short presurgical 1.5T magnetic resonance (MR) imaging protocol including dorsal proton density, dorsal T1-weighted gradient recalled echo, and sagittal fat-saturated dual echo sequences was tested to further investigate these features and illustrate meniscal tears. Interobserver agreement for detection of medial meniscal tears (k = 0.83) and bone marrow lesions (k = 0.87) was excellent. Consensus MR reading allowed detection of nine out of 12 surgically confirmed medial meniscal tears and there was no false positive. All dogs had cruciate ligament enthesisrelated bone marrow lesions in the tibia, femur or both bones. Additionally, among the 12 dogs with confirmed medial meniscal tears, subchondral bone marrow lesions were present in the caudomedial (9 dogs) and caudoaxial (11 dogs) regions of the tibial plateau, resulting in odds ratios (13.6, p = 0.12, and 38.3, p = 0.04, respectively) that had large confidence intervals due to the small group size of this study. The other two dogs had neither tibial bone marrow lesions in these locations nor medial meniscal tears. These encouraging preliminary results warrant further investigation using this clinically realistic preoperative MR protocol. As direct diagnosis of meniscal tears remained challenging in dogs even with high-field MR, identification of associated signs such as subchondral bone marrow lesions might indirectly allow suspicion of an otherwise unrecognized meniscal tear.
A community of practice: An intervention model based on computer supported collaborative learning
Authors: Fernández-Sánchez María-Rosa , Valverde-Berrocoso Jesús 
Published: November 2013

This paper describes the results of a research study on the establishment of a Community of Practice through social eLearning and Computer Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL). The sample consisted of 20 adult women of gypsy origin of various ages, educational level and work activity residing in Extremadura (Spain). The study makes a contextualization and then describes the design, implementation and evaluation of a training scheme in social eLearning about Equal Opportunities and Social Leadership. This is followed by an analysis of the content of the course forums, according to the dimensions of the «Community of Inquiry» model (CoI) which is one of the most promising theoretical perspectives on e-learning and collaborative and constructivist approaches developed in hundreds of studies during the last decade. And finally, the study evaluates the learning experience, using triangulation as procedure for data analysis. The most important research results are: a) the validity of the design and implementation of the training, b) the forming of an effective Community of Practice for Roma women in virtual learning environments, and c) the significant changes in the participants that can favor the cultural promotion of women. It provides a new model of ICT-based educational intervention in CSCL, aimed at improving training for and promotion of sociocultural groups in situations of social exclusion.
Este artículo describe los resultados de investigación de un estudio sobre la conformación de una comunidad de práctica a través de e-learning social y aprendizaje colaborativo en entornos virtuales (CSCL). La muestra está formada por 20 mujeres gitanas adultas y residentes en Extremadura (España) heterogéneas en edad, nivel formativo y actividad laboral. El estudio parte de la contextualización y posterior diseño, implementación y evaluación de una acción formativa de e-learning sobre igualdad de oportunidades y liderazgo social. Posteriormente, analiza el contenido de foros del curso, según las dimensiones del modelo «Comunidad de Indagación» que es una de las perspectivas teóricas más prometedoras sobre e-learning y enfoques constructivistas colaborativos y que ha sido desarrollada en cientos de estudios durante la última década. Y, por último, evalúa la experiencia formativa, utilizando la triangulación como procedimiento para el análisis de datos. Se destacan como resultados la validez del diseño y aplicación de la acción formativa; la conformación efectiva de la comunidad de práctica de mujeres gitanas en entornos virtuales de enseñanza-aprendizaje colaborativos; y los cambios significativos en las mujeres participantes que favorecen su promoción socio-cultural. Se aporta un nuevo modelo de intervención socioeducativa con TIC basado en CSCL, destinado a la mejora de la formación y a la promoción sociocultural de los grupos en situación de exclusión social.
Design thinking and collaborative learning
Authors: Leinonen Teemu , Durall-Gazulla Eva 
Published: November 2013

This paper presents design thinking as an alternative approach to conduct research on collaborative learning with technology. The underlying premise of the paper is the need to adopt human-centered design principles in research and design of computer-supported collaborative tools. Two research results are described in order to discuss the possibilities and challenges of applying design methods for designing and researching collaborative knowledge building tools. The paper begins by defining collaborative learning with new technologies as a wicked problem that can be approached by adopting a design mindset. Design thinking and particularly research-based design relies on a shared, social construction of understanding with the people who will later use the tools. The key phases in researchbased design (contextual inquiry, participatory design, product design and software as hypothesis) are described and exemplified through the presentation of two research results. The two prototypes presented are the fourth version of the Future Learning Environment (Fle4), a software tool for collaborative knowledge building and Square1, a set of hardware and software for self-organized learning environments. Both cases contribute to the discussion about the role of artifacts as research outcomes. Through these cases, we claim that design thinking is a meaningful ap proach in CSCL research.El artículo presenta el pensamiento de diseño como un enfoque alternativo para realizar investigaciones sobre aprendizaje colaborativo con tecnología. Se describen dos resultados de investigación a fin de debatir las posibilidades y los retos de aplicar métodos de diseño para diseñar e investigar herramientas de construcción de conocimiento colaborativo. El texto comienza definiendo el aprendizaje colaborativo con nuevas tecnologías como un problema complejo que puede afrontarse mejor mediante la adopción de una actitud de diseñador. Se presenta el Diseño Basado en la Investigación (DBI) como un ejemplo de pensamiento de diseño basado en la construcción social del conocimiento con las personas que más adelante utilizarán las herramientas. Se describen las fases clave que caracterizan el método DBI (investigación contextual, diseño participativo, diseño de producto y software como hipótesis) y defiende la necesidad de adoptar un enfoque de diseño centrado en las personas. Los dos prototipos presentados son la cuarta versión de Future Learning Environment (Fle4), un software para la construcción de conocimiento colaborativo, y Square1, un conjunto de dispositivos y aplicaciones para entornos de aprendizaje auto-organizados. Ambos son ejemplos de DBI y contribuyen a la discusión sobre el rol de los artefactos como resultados de investigación. A través de estos casos, se afirma que el pensamiento de diseño es un enfoque significativo en la investigación sobre el aprendizaje colaborativo mediado por ordenador.
Un rêve d'Anaïs Nin enfant
Authors: Bélis Mireille 
Published: November 2013

Pourquoi la petite Anaïs Nin rêve-t-elle début 1915, à New York, que Jeanne d’Arc lui demande de sauver la France ? Solidement ancrée dans les esprits depuis des siècles, la vénération de Jeanne d’Arc connaît un regain de popularité dès le début de la guerre de 1914-1918. La bienheureuse ne sera canonisée qu’en 1920, mais la petite Lorraine devient vite le symbole de la République, la « Sainte de la Patrie » outragée par les Barbares allemands. Le rêve d’Anaïs reprend les éléments d’une propagande multiforme qui s’est profondément enracinée dans les consciences, à travers les images, les manifestations patriotiques, les cartes postales, et surtout, la presse. Les faits divers recueillis ici offrent une galerie d’illuminées prétendant sauver la France, de femmes saisies de démence mystique, de pseudo-miracles attribués à Jeanne. Dans une guerre d’hommes, ces femmes compensent par un délire johannique leur impuissance à combattre l’ennemi, à commencer par la petite Anaïs.
Testing the efficacy of an HIV stigma reduction intervention with medical students in Puerto Rico: the SPACES project
Authors: Varas‐Díaz Nelson , Neilands Torsten B , Cintrón‐Bou Francheska , Marzán‐Rodríguez Melissa , Santos‐Figueroa Axel , Santiago‐Negrón Salvador , Marques Domingo , Rodríguez‐Madera Sheilla 
Published: November 2013

IntroductionStigma associated with HIV has been documented as a barrier for accessing quality health‐related services. When the stigma manifests in the healthcare setting, people living with HIV receive substandard services or even be denied care altogether. Although the consequences of HIV stigma have been documented extensively, efforts to reduce these negative attitudes have been scarce. Interventions to reduce HIV stigma should be implemented as part of the formal training of future healthcare professionals. The interventions that have been tested with healthcare professionals and published have several limitations that must be surpassed (i.e., lack of comparison groups in research designs and longitudinal follow‐up data). Furthermore, Latino healthcare professionals have been absent from these intervention efforts even though the epidemic has affected this population disproportionately.MethodsIn this article, we describe an intervention developed to reduce HIV stigma among medical students in Puerto Rico. A total of 507 medical students were randomly introduced into our intervention and control conditions.ResultsThe results show statistically significant differences between the intervention and control groups; intervention group participants had lower HIV stigma levels than control participants after the intervention. In addition, differences in HIV stigma levels between the groups were sustained for a 12‐month period.ConclusionsThe results of our study demonstrate the efficacy of the modes of intervention developed by us and serve as a new training tool for future healthcare professionals with regard to stigma reduction.
A brief, standardized tool for measuring HIV‐related stigma among health facility staff: results of field testing in China, Dominica, Egypt, Kenya, Puerto Rico and St. Christopher & Nevis
Authors: Nyblade Laura , Jain Aparna , Benkirane Manal , Li Li , Lohiniva Anna‐Leena , McLean Roger , Turan Janet M , Varas‐Díaz Nelson , Cintrón‐Bou Francheska , Guan Jihui , Kwena Zachary , Thomas Wendell 
Published: November 2013

IntroductionWithin healthcare settings, HIV‐related stigma is a recognized barrier to access of HIV prevention and treatment services and yet, few efforts have been made to scale‐up stigma reduction programs in service delivery. This is in part due to the lack of a brief, simple, standardized tool for measuring stigma among all levels of health facility staff that works across diverse HIV prevalence, language and healthcare settings. In response, an international consortium led by the Health Policy Project, has developed and field tested a stigma measurement tool for use with health facility staff.MethodsExperts participated in a content‐development workshop to review an item pool of existing measures, identify gaps and prioritize questions. The resulting questionnaire was field tested in six diverse sites (China, Dominica, Egypt, Kenya, Puerto Rico and St. Christopher & Nevis). Respondents included clinical and non‐clinical staff. Questionnaires were self‐ or interviewer‐administered. Analysis of item performance across sites examined both psychometric properties and contextual issues.ResultsThe key outcome of the process was a substantially reduced questionnaire. Eighteen core questions measure three programmatically actionable drivers of stigma within health facilities (worry about HIV transmission, attitudes towards people living with HIV (PLHIV), and health facility environment, including policies), and enacted stigma. The questionnaire also includes one short scale for attitudes towards PLHIV (5‐item scale, α = 0.78).ConclusionsStigma‐reduction programmes in healthcare facilities are urgently needed to improve the quality of care provided, uphold the human right to healthcare, increase access to health services, and maximize investments in HIV prevention and treatment. This brief, standardized tool will facilitate inclusion of stigma measurement in research studies and in routine facility data collection, allowing for the monitoring of stigma within healthcare facilities and evaluation of stigma‐reduction programmes. There is potential for wide use of the tool either as a stand‐alone survey or integrated within other studies of health facility staff.
Preparation and Osteogenic Differentiation of Scaffold‐Free Mouse Adipose‐Derived Stromal Cell Microtissue Spheroids (ASC‐MT)
Authors: Mirsaidi Ali , Tiaden André N. , Richards Peter J. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn this unit, previously described methods are expanded upon, where procedures relating to the preparation, culturing, and osteogenic differentiation of scaffold‐free mouse adipose‐derived stromal cell microtissue spheroids (ASC‐MT) are outlined. Not only is a detailed methodology of how to engineer such spheroids are presented, but a full account of how to induce and analyze osteogenesis in these ASC‐MT constructs is given along with relevant figures to help better illustrate the methods described. Curr. Protoc. Stem Cell Biol. 27:2B.5.1‐2B.5.12. © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Multiple Organolithium Generation in the Continuous Flow Synthesis of Amitriptyline
Authors: Kupracz Lukas , Kirschning Andreas 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA continuous flow protocol for the preparation of the tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) amitriptyline is reported. The advantages of flow chemistry when handling organometallic agents as well as when performing reaction with gases are demonstrated. Continuous multilithiation combined with carboxylation and the Parham cyclization, a Grignard addition and thermolytic water elimination by inductive heating are key features of the multistep protocol.magnified image
Stereocontrol in Palladium‐Catalyzed Propargylic Substitutions: Kinetic Resolution to give Enantioenriched 1,5‐Enynes and Propargyl Acetates
Authors: Ardolino Michael J. , Eno Meredith S. , Morken James P. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractKinetic resolution during the catalytic allyl‐propargyl cross‐coupling with chiral starting materials can be accomplished with a chiral palladium catalyst. These reactions offer ready access to enantiomerically enriched enyne products from simple, readily available starting materials.magnified image
Synthesis and Properties of Diazapentacene Diimides
Authors: Li Cheng , Jiang Wei , Zhu Xiaozhang , Wang Zhaohui 
Published: November 2013

AbstractDiazapentacene diimides were prepared by the double cross‐coupling of zirconacyclopentadienes with unilateral dibromonaphthalene diimide derivatives, and subsequent dehydrogenative aromatization of the resulting dihydrodiazapentacene diimides. The optical and electrical properties of this series of diazapentacene diimides have high electron affinity (up to 4.39 eV) and significantly smaller HOMO–LUMO gaps (as small as 1.26 eV). Those diimides with wide absorption bands and small band‐gaps are promising candidates for n‐type semiconductors and NIR dyes.
Electrophile‐Promoted Tandem Cyclization of α,β‐Diynyl Ketodiols: A Facile Synthesis of Tetrahalogenated Spiroketals
Authors: Zhu Hai‐Tao , Wang Jia , Qiu Zi‐Hang , Wang Li‐Jing , Zhong Mei‐Jin , Liu Xue‐Yuan , Liang Yong‐Min 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAn efficient synthetic approach to tetrahalogenated spiroketals has been developed through a tandem iodocyclization of various α,β‐diynyl ketodiols. The diastereoselective construction of a chiral spiroketal center induced by the chiral alkynol functional groups is possible. The obtained tetrahalogenated spiroketals can be applied in subsequent palladium‐catalyzed coupling reactions to produce compounds with multiple aromatic substituents.
Der Zugang zu gemischten PnAsm‐Ligandkomplexen
Authors: Schwarzmaier Christoph , Bodensteiner Michael , Timoshkin Alexey Y. , Scheer Manfred 
Published: November 2013

AbstractDie Reaktion eines P4‐Butterfly‐Komplexes mit gelbem Arsen ergibt die größten bisher synthetisierten gemischten PnAsm‐Ligandkomplexe. [{Cp′′′Fe(CO)2}2(μ,η1:1‐P4)] reagiert mit As4 zu [{Cp′′′Fe}2(μ,η4:4‐PnAs4−n)] und [Cp′′′Fe(η5‐PnAs5−n)]. Massenspektrometrie liefert zusammen mit NMR‐Spektroskopie und Röntgenstrukturanalyse eindeutige Belege für die Anordnung der E‐Positionen in den cyclo‐E5‐ und E4‐Einheiten der Produkte. Weiterhin stimmen die Ergebnisse der DFT‐Rechnungen gut mit den experimentellen Befunden überein. Bei der Koordination des E4‐Komplexes [{Cp′′′Fe}2(μ,η4:4‐PnAs4−n)] mit CuCl erfolgt eine Umlagerung der E‐Positionen zugunsten einer bevorzugten Phosphorkoordination zu den Kupferatomen in der resultierenden 1D‐polymeren Kette.