bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing hazards to aviation from sulfur dioxide emitted by explosive Icelandic eruptions
Authors: Schmidt Anja , Witham Claire S. , Theys Nicolas , Richards Nigel A. D. , Thordarson Thorvaldur , Szpek Kate , Feng Wuhu , Hort Matthew C. , Woolley Alan M. , Jones Andrew R. , Redington Alison L. , Johnson Ben T. , Hayward Chris L. , Carslaw Kenneth S. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractVolcanic eruptions take place in Iceland about once every 3 to 5 years. Ash emissions from these eruptions can cause significant disruption to air traffic over Europe and the North Atlantic as is evident from the 2010 eruption of Eyjafjallajökull. Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is also emitted by volcanoes, but there are no criteria to define when airspace is considered hazardous or nonhazardous. However, SO2 is a well‐known ground‐level pollutant that can have detrimental effects on human health. We have used the United Kingdom Met Office's NAME (Numerical Atmospheric‐dispersion Modelling Environment) model to simulate SO2 mass concentrations that could occur in European and North Atlantic airspace for a range of hypothetical explosive eruptions in Iceland with a probability to occur about once every 3 to 5 years. Model performance was evaluated for the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull summit eruption against SO2 vertical column density retrievals from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument and in situ measurements from the United Kingdom Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements research aircraft. We show that at no time during the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruption did SO2 mass concentrations at flight altitudes violate European air quality standards. In contrast, during a hypothetical short‐duration explosive eruption similar to Hekla in 2000 (emitting 0.2 Tg of SO2 within 2 h, or an average SO2 release rate 250 times that of Eyjafjallajökull 2010), simulated SO2 concentrations are greater than 1063 µg/m3 for about 48 h in a small area of European and North Atlantic airspace. By calculating the occurrence of aircraft encounters with the volcanic plume of a short‐duration eruption, we show that a 15 min or longer exposure of aircraft and passengers to concentrations ≥500 µg/m3 has a probability of about 0.1%. Although exposure of humans to such concentrations may lead to irritations to the eyes, nose and, throat and cause increased airway resistance even in healthy individuals, the risk is very low. However, the fact that volcanic ash and sulfur species are not always collocated and that passenger comfort could be compromised might be incentives to provide real‐time information on the presence or absence of volcanic SO2. Such information could aid aviation risk management during and after volcanic eruptions.
A fast Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite simulator for cloudy atmospheres
Authors: Liu Chao , Yang Ping , Nasiri Shaima L. , Platnick Steven , Meyer Kerry G. , Wang Chenxi , Ding Shouguo 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA fast instrument simulator is developed to simulate the observations made in cloudy atmospheres by the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS). The correlated k distribution technique is used to compute the transmissivities associated with absorbing atmospheric gases. The bulk scattering properties of ice clouds are based on the ice model used for the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Collection 6 ice cloud products, and those of water clouds are computed with the Lorenz‐Mie theory. Two fast radiative transfer models based on precomputed ice cloud look‐up tables are used for the VIIRS solar and infrared channels. The accuracy and efficiency of the fast simulator are quantified in comparison with a combination of the rigorous line‐by‐line (LBLRTM) and discrete ordinate radiative transfer (DISORT) models. The maximum relative errors of the simulator are less than 2% for simulated top of atmosphere reflectances at the solar channels, and the brightness temperature differences for the infrared channels are less than 0.2 K. The simulator is over 3 orders of magnitude faster than the benchmark LBLRTM + DISORT model. Furthermore, the cloudy atmosphere reflectances and brightness temperatures from the fast VIIRS simulator compare favorably with those from VIIRS observations.
Dietary Yeasts Reduce Inflammation in Central Nerve System via Microflora
Authors: Takata Kazushiro , Tomita Takayuki , Okuno Tatsusada , Kinoshita Makoto , Koda Toru , Honorat Josephe A. , Takei Masaya , Hagihara Kouichiro , Sugimoto Tomoyuki , Mochizuki Hideki , Sakoda Saburo , Nakatsuji Yuji 
Published: December 2014

AbstractObjectivesThe intestinal microflora affects the pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases by influencing immune system function. Some bacteria, such as lactic acid bacteria, have been reported to have beneficial effects on immune function. However, little is known about the effects of yeasts. Here, we aimed to investigate the effects of various dietary yeasts contained in fermented foods on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS), and to elucidate the mechanisms underlying these effects.MethodsThe effects of eight yeasts selected from 18 types of yeasts contained in fermented foods were examined using an EAE model. Of these, Candida kefyr was investigated by analyzing the intestinal microflora and its effects on intestinal and systemic immune states.ResultsAdministration of C. kefyr ameliorated the severity of EAE. Reduced numbers of Th17 cells, suppressed interleukin (IL)‐6 production by intestinal explants, and increased Tregs and CD103‐positive regulatory dendritic cells in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) were observed. Analysis of 16s‐rDNA from feces of C. kefyr‐treated mice demonstrated increased Lactobacillales and decreased Bacteroides compared to control flora. Transfer of intestinal microbiota also resulted in decreased Bacteroides and ameliorated symptoms of EAE. Thus, oral administration of C. kefyr ameliorated EAE by altering the microflora, accompanied by increased Tregs and CD103‐positive regulatory dendritic cells in MLNs and decreased Th17 cells in the intestinal lamina propria.InterpretationOral ingestion of C. kefyr may have beneficial effects on MS by modifying microflora. In addition, our findings also suggested the potential health benefits of dietary yeasts.
Hierarchical Surface Atomic Structure of a Manganese‐Based Spinel Cathode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Lee Sanghan , Yoon Gabin , Jeong Minseul , Lee Min‐Joon , Kang Kisuk , Cho Jaephil 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe increasing use of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) in high‐power applications requires improvement of their high‐temperature electrochemical performance, including their cyclability and rate capability. Spinel lithium manganese oxide (LiMn2O4) is a promising cathode material because of its high stability and abundance. However, it exhibits poor cycling performance at high temperatures owing to Mn dissolution. Herein we show that when stoichiometric lithium manganese oxide is coated with highly doped spinels, the resulting epitaxial coating has a hierarchical atomic structure consisting of cubic‐spinel, tetragonal‐spinel, and layered structures, and no interfacial phase is formed. In a practical application of the coating to doped spinel, the material retained 90 % of its capacity after 800 cycles at 60 °C. Thus, the formation of an epitaxial coating with a hierarchical atomic structure could enhance the electrochemical performance of LIB cathode materials while preventing large losses in capacity.
One‐pot Synthesis of CdS Nanocrystals Hybridized with Single‐Layer Transition‐Metal Dichalcogenide Nanosheets for Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Chen Junze , Wu Xue‐Jun , Yin Lisha , Li Bing , Hong Xun , Fan Zhanxi , Chen Bo , Xue Can , Zhang Hua 
Published: December 2014

AbstractExploration of low‐cost and earth‐abundant photocatalysts for highly efficient solar photocatalytic water splitting is of great importance. Although transition‐metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) showed outstanding performance as co‐catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), designing TMD‐hybridized photocatalysts with abundant active sites for the HER still remains challenge. Here, a facile one‐pot wet‐chemical method is developed to prepare MS2–CdS (M=W or Mo) nanohybrids. Surprisedly, in the obtained nanohybrids, single‐layer MS2 nanosheets with lateral size of 4–10 nm selectively grow on the Cd‐rich (0001) surface of wurtzite CdS nanocrystals. These MS2–CdS nanohybrids possess a large number of edge sites in the MS2 layers, which are active sites for the HER. The photocatalytic performances of WS2–CdS and MoS2–CdS nanohybrids towards the HER under visible light irradiation (>420 nm) are about 16 and 12 times that of pure CdS, respectively. Importantly, the MS2–CdS nanohybrids showed enhanced stability after a long‐time test (16 h), and 70 % of catalytic activity still remained.
Enhancing ssDNA stability at acidic pH by encapsulation for the usage as DNA marking system
Authors: Stenzel Sandra , Bohrisch Jörg , Meyer Michael 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTThe usage of synthetic single‐strand DNA (ssDNA) as an invisible barcode is critical for products, which are exposed to DNA damaging influences during their production or handling (ultraviolet light, acidic conditions, and high temperatures). Encapsulation may protect ssDNA against hydrolytic attack under acidic conditions. This assumption was proved by embedding ssDNA into a spherical hydrogel matrix of polyacrylamide and coating it with a crosslinked polystyrene shell. After acidic treatment of these capsules, the ssDNA stability was measured by detecting the amplification ratio over time with quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and calculating the apparent rate constant and apparent half‐life. The results of the quantitative detection of ssDNA damage demonstrated that enhancing ssDNA stability by encapsulation with crosslinked polystyrene is possible. Such a potential application may be used in all fields of traceability and of combating counterfeiting, where protection of DNA against environmental influences is needed, for example, as safe marking system for paper, biomaterials, textiles, or leather. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41754.
Orthogonal design study on factors affecting the diameter of perfluorinated sulfonic acid nanofibers during electrospinning
Authors: Song Tiandan , Chen Zhiyuan , He Hong , Liu Yuexing , Liu Yong , Ramakrishna Seeram 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTIn this study, Nafion® NR 40 beads with polyethylene oxide (PEO) are fabricated into a nanofiber membrane using electrospinning. In particular, Nafion® beads in non‐toxic mixed solvent (EtOH and H2O) were blended with the carrier polymer PEO, which is the minor component in the solution responsible for the solution spinnability. The highest content of Nafion® in the nanofiber is 98.04%. To investigate the factors influencing the nanofiber diameter during electrospinning, an orthogonal design method was adopted. These factors include the carrier polymer content, distance between the syringe needle and roller collector, flow rate of the electrospinning solution, and the roller rotation speed. After obtaining the significant factors and optimal test level, an additional optimization experiment is conducted under the best conditions. The resulting nanofibers have a diameter of ∼150 nm. Moreover, the obtained Nafion® nanofiber membrane has strong potential for applications in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC), the chlor‐alkali industry, catalysts, and metal ion removal. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41755.
Modular Microstructured Reactors for Pilot‐ and Production Scale Chemistry
Authors: Ghaini Aras , Balon‐Burger Monika , Bogdan Anca , Krtschil Ulrich , Löb Patrick 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIn recent years, two strategies in continuous‐flow plant technology attracted strengthened interest: First, the use of microstructured devices as a new tool for process intensification and second, the modularity of interchangeable devices which leads to more flexibility. To take advantage of both, these approaches were combined within the EU‐project CoPIRIDE. Microstructured modular reactors were fabricated by novel manufacturing techniques. Different types of such reactors were characterized in terms of reaction engineering. Residence time distribution, heat transfer performance, pressure drop, and liquid‐liquid mixing performance were investigated.
Correlation between Organic Fouling of Reverse‐Osmosis Membranes and Various Interfacial Interactions
Authors: Li Haigang , Yu Ping , Luo Yunbai 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe influence of various interface forces on membrane fouling during reverse‐osmosis (RO) filtration of organic solutions is investigated. Some monoaromatic compounds are used as model foulants. Isothermal data demonstrate that the adsorption of aromatic compounds on the membrane surface fits the Freundlich model better than the Langmuir model. Kinetics data are better correlated with the pseudo‐second‐order model than the pseudo‐first‐order one. The affinity of monoaromatic compounds to the RO membrane is evaluated. Statistical analysis of results indicates that the initial fouling rate is dominated by the electrostatic attraction and the hydrophobic force while irreversible fouling is mainly controlled by the formation of a hydrogen bond between the membrane surface and organic compounds.
Impact of Surfactant Addition on Oxygen Mass Transfer in a Bubble Column
Authors: McClure Dale D. , Lee Ai Chia , Kavanagh John M. , Fletcher David F. , Barton Geoffrey W. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe impact of sparger design and surfactant addition on the oxygen transfer rate in a bubble column was examined. Additionally, measurements were also made of the holdup and bubble size distribution, allowing both the interfacial area for mass transfer and the liquid film mass transfer coefficient to be determined for a range of industrially relevant superficial velocities. It was found that for the velocity range examined changes in the superficial velocity had a minimal impact on the observed value of liquid film mass transfer coefficient. In contrast, addition of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic surface‐active compounds led to an approximately threefold reduction in liquid film mass transfer coefficient.
NMR Hyperpolarization Techniques for Biomedicine
Authors: Nikolaou Panayiotis , Goodson Boyd M. , Chekmenev Eduard Y. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractRecent developments in NMR hyperpolarization have enabled a wide array of new in vivo molecular imaging modalities, ranging from functional imaging of the lungs to metabolic imaging of cancer. This Concept article explores selected advances in methods for the preparation and use of hyperpolarized contrast agents, many of which are already at or near the phase of their clinical validation in patients.
ChemInform Abstract: Fast Na‐Ion Conduction in a Chalcogenide Glass—Ceramic in the Ternary System Na2Se—Ga2Se3—GeSe2.
Authors: Kim Seong K. , Mao Alvin , Sen Sabyasachi , Kim Sangtae 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe layered chalcogenide glass Na2 (Ga0.1Ge0.9)2Se4.95 is prepared as a glass‐ceramic composite of the nominal composition 25%Na2Se‐15%Ga2Se3‐60%GeSe2 using Na2Se and Ga‐Ge‐S alloys as precursor in melt‐quench processes (evacuated silica amoule, 950 °C, several hours).
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Synthesis of Chromium Perovskite Oxyhydride with a High Magnetic‐Transition Temperature.
Authors: Tassel Cedric , Goto Yoshihiro , Kuno Yoshinori , Hester James , Green Mark , Kobayashi Yoji , Kageyama Hiroshi 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe novel stoichiometric perovskite SrCrO2H is synthesized by high pressure/high temperature reaction of SrO, Cr2O3, and SrH2 (5 GPa, 1000 °C, 30 min).
ChemInform Abstract: Reversible Storage of Lithium in Three‐Dimensional Macroporous Germanium.
Authors: Jia Haiping , Kloepsch Richard , He Xin , Badillo Juan Pablo , Gao Pengfei , Fromm Olga , Placke Tobias , Winter Martin 
Published: December 2014

AbstractMacroporous Ge with a hexagonal‐like morphology is prepared by magnesiothermic reduction of GeO2 (corundum boat, 5%H2/Ar, 650 °C, 7 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Evidence for Direct Molecular Oxygen Production in CO2 Photodissociation.
Authors: Lu Zou , Chang Yih Chung , Yin Qing‐Zhu , Ng C. Y. , Jackson William M. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractVacuum UV laser pump‐probe spectroscopy and velocity‐map imaging detection of C(3PJ) give direct experimental evidence for the C + O2 channel with a yield of 5% in CO2 photodissociation.
ChemInform Abstract: Unusual Regio‐ and Stereo‐Selectivity in Diels—Alder Reactions Between Bulky N‐Phenylmaleimides and Anthracene Derivatives.
Authors: Chen Hao , Yao Erdong , Xu Chi , Meng Xiao , Ma Yuguo 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe use of multiple bulky substituents on diene and dienophile shifts the reaction from 1,4‐adducts (III) and (VI) towards 9,10‐adducts (IV) and (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Poly(N‐vinylpyrrolidone)—H2O2 and Poly(4‐vinylpyridine)—H2O2 Complexes: Solid H2O2 Equivalents for Selective Oxidation of Sulfides to Sulfoxides and Ketones to gem‐Dihydroperoxides.
Authors: Surya Prakash G. K. , Shakhmin Anton , Glinton Kevin E. , Rao Sneha , Mathew Thomas , Olah George A. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractComplexes of poly(N‐vinylpyrrolidone) and poly(4‐vinylpyridine) with hydrogen peroxide are prepared and their synthetic utility as solid hydrogen peroxide equivalents for the selective oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides and ketones to gem‐dihydroperoxides is studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Iodoarene‐Catalyzed Fluorination and Aminofluorination by an Ar‐I/HF·Pyridine/mCPBA System.
Authors: Suzuki Satoru , Kamo Tomohiro , Fukushi Kazunobu , Hiramatsu Takaaki , Tokunaga Etsuko , Dohi Toshifumi , Kita Yasuyuki , Shibata Norio 
Published: December 2014

AbstractResults of preliminary trials of an asymmetric fluorination using chiral aryl iodides are also presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Peptide Catalysis in Aqueous Emulsions.
Authors: Duschmale Joerg , Kohrt Sonja , Wennemers Helma 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAmphiphilic tripeptides are found to catalyze the conjugate addition of aldehydes (I) to nitroolefins (II) in water in high yields and stereoselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Iminoxyl Radical‐Based Strategy for Intermolecular C—O Bond Formation: Cross‐Dehydrogenative Coupling of 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds with Oximes.
Authors: Krylov Igor B. , Terent'ev Alexander O. , Timofeev Vladimir P. , Shelimov Boris N. , Novikov Roman A. , Merkulova Valentina M. , Nikishin Gennady I. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractNumerous other diketones, 1,3‐keto esters and oximes are investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Equilibration of the [2 + 2] Cycloaddition of Silyl Enol Ethers Catalyzed by Ethylaluminium Dichloride: Diastereoselectivity Switch in the Synthesis of Fused Cyclobutanes.
Authors: Hata Kenji , Arichi Norihito , Yamaoka Yousuke , Yamada Ken‐ichi , Takemoto Yoshiji , Takasu Kiyosei 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe reaction of silyl enol ethers with acrylate (II) gives the corresponding [2 + 2] cycloadducts.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Phosphoric‐Acid‐Catalyzed Transfer Hydrogenation of Ethyl Ketimine Derivatives by Using Benzothiazoline.
Authors: Saito Kodai , Horiguchi Kosaku , Shibata Yukihiro , Yamanaka Masahiro , Akiyama Takahiko 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIt is demonstrated that asymmetric hydrogenation of ketimines can be advantageously achieved with benzothiazoline as hydrogen donor in the presence of a chiral BINOL derived phosphonic acid as catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic, Nucleophilic Allylation of Aldehydes with 2‐Substituted Allylic Acetates: Carbon—Carbon Bond Formation Driven by the Water—Gas Shift Reaction.
Authors: Denmark Scott E. , Matesich Zachery D. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe ruthenium—catalyzed allylation of aldehydes (aromatic, α,β‐unsaturated, and aliphatic aldehydes) with allylic acetates is expanded to incorporate substituents at the 2‐position of the allylic component.
ChemInform Abstract: A Catalyst‐Free, Facile and Efficient Approach to Cyclic Esters: Synthesis of 4H‐Benzo[d][1,3]dioxin‐4‐ones.
Authors: Lin Feng , Song Qiuling , Gao Yuyu , Cui Xiuling 
Published: December 2014

AbstractTitle compounds, which are important structural units for the preparation of insecticides and multiple‐substituted benzene derivatives, are synthesized by a green and practical method starting from readily available materials.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Stereoselective Amination of Thioethers with N‐Mesyloxycarbamates: DMAP and Bis(DMAP)CH2Cl2 as Key Additives.
Authors: Lebel Helene , Piras Henri , Bartholomeues Johan 
Published: December 2014

AbstractChiral sulfilimines are prepared by rhodium‐catalyzed intermolecular amination of thioethers with the readily available N‐mesyloxycarbamate (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Oxidation of Sulfides to Sulfoxides with Cyanuric Chloride and Urea—Hydrogen Peroxide Adduct.
Authors: Jeon Heung Bae , Kim Kyoung Tae , Kim Sang Hyun 
Published: December 2014

AbstractUrea‐hydrogen peroxide adduct is a more reactive oxidant for the selective oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides than H2O2 when utilized with cyanuric chloride as an activator.
ChemInform Abstract: Proline‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Diels—Alder Reactions of an o‐Quinodimethane.
Authors: Shirakawa Hidenori , Sano Hiroshi 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA highly diastereo‐ and enantioselective Diels—Alder reaction of the new precursor α‐amino‐o‐quinodimethane with α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes is achieved in the presence of L‐proline.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Structures of 2‐Substituted 5‐Benzyl‐3‐methylimidazolidin‐4‐one‐Derived Iminium Salts, Reactive Intermediates in Organocatalytic Transformations Involving α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes.
Authors: Groselj Uros , Beck Albert , Schweizer W. Bernd , Seebach Dieter 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA variety of phenylalanine‐derived cis‐ and trans‐imidazolidinones is prepared in pure form.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses, Characterization and Evaluation of Novel 2,6‐Diarylpiperidin‐4‐ones as Potential Analgesic‐Antipyretic Agents.
Authors: Tripathi Purnima , Tripathi Avinash C. , Chawla Viney , Saraf Shailendra K. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA series of N‐chloroacetyl‐3‐methyl‐2,6‐diarylpiperidin‐4‐ones (III) and N‐(4‐methylpiperazino)acetyl‐3‐methyl‐2,6‐diarylpiperidin‐4‐ones (V) are prepared and tested on their analgesic as well as antipyretic activities.
ChemInform Abstract: On the Reactivity of 4‐Cyano‐1,3‐dichloro‐7‐methyl‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydro‐2,7‐naphthyridine with Several Amines in Different Experimental Conditions: Monosubstitution, Disubstitution, and a New Unexpected Rearrangement.
Authors: Sirakanyan Samvel N. , Kartsev Viktor G. , Spinelli Domenico , Geronikaki Athina , Noravyan Azat S. , Hovakimyan Anush A. , Panosyan Henrik A. , Ayvazyan Armen G. , Tamazyan Rafael A. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe different reactivity of the chlorine atoms in title dichloronaphthyridine (I) allows the selective synthesis of mono‐ and diamino‐substituted derivatives (III) as well as (V) and (VI), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of (‐)‐Synrotolide and the Evaluation of Its Antiproliferative Activity.
Authors: Sabitha Gowravaram , Rao Allu Senkara , Sandeep AnkiReddy , Latha Bejawada Madhavi , Reddy Dodda Vasudeva 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe title compound (I) inhibits the growth of the PANC 1 cancer cell line.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,2,3‐Triazole in Heterocyclic Compounds, Endowed with Biological Activity, Through 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloadditions
Authors: Lauria Antonino , Delisi Riccardo , Mingoia Francesco , Terenzi Alessio , Martorana Annamaria , Barone Giampaolo , Almerico Anna Maria 
Published: December 2014

AbstractReview: 115 refs.