bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Motility, mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP content of rabbit spermatozoa stored in extender supplemented with GnRH analogue [des-Gly10, D-Ala6]-LH-RH ethylamide
Authors: Gogol P. , Trzcińska M. , Bryła M. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The present study was aimed to determine the effect of GnRH analogue [des-Gly10, D-Ala6]-LH-RH ethylamide on the quality of rabbit spermatozoa stored at 17°C for 3 days. Semen from 5 bucks (13 ejaculates) was used in the experiment. Ejaculates were divided and diluted at a 1:10 ratio with rabbit semen extender Galap (IMV, France) (Control) or with Galap extender supplemented with GnRH analogue [des-Gly10, D-Ala6]-LH-RH ethylamide (50 μg/ml) and stored for 3 days. Sperm motility parameters, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and ATP content were assessed on each day of the experiment. Motility analysis was performed using a computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) system. The following sperm motility parameters were recorded: total motile spermatozoa, progressively motile spermatozoa, curvilinear velocity, straight-line velocity, average path velocity, linearity, straightness and amplitude of lateral head displacement. MMP was evaluated using JC-1 fluorescent dye. ATP content was assessed using a bioluminescence method. The addition of GnRH analogue [des-Gly10, D-Ala6]-LH-RH ethylamide to Galap extender did not affect any of the quality parameters studied. However, in both groups (Control and GnRH), significant changes in motility parameters (except straight-line velocity) and proportion of spermatozoa showing high MMP and ATP content were observed throughout 3 days of storage.
Molecular studies on pig cryptosporidiosis in Poland
Authors: Rzeżutka A. , Kaupke A. , Kozyra I. , Pejsak Z. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractCryptosporidium intestinal parasites have been detected in farmed pigs worldwide. Infections are usually asymptomatic with a low number of oocysts shed in pig feces. This makes the recognition of infection difficult or unsuccessful when microscopic methods are used. The aim of this study was molecular identification of Cryptosporidium species in pig herds raised in Poland with regard to the occurrence of zoonotic species. In total, 166 pig fecal samples were tested. The examined pigs were aged 1 to 20 weeks. Overall, 39 pig farms were monitored for parasite presence. The detection and identification of Cryptosporidium DNA was performed on the basis of PCR-RFLP and nucleotide sequence analysis of the amplified 18 SSU rRNA and COWP gene fragments. Infected animals were housed in 21 (53.8%) of the pig farms monitored. The presence of Cryptosporidum was confirmed in 46 (27.7%) samples of pig feces. Among positive fecal samples, 34 (29.3%) were collected from healthy animals, and 12 (24%) from diarrheic pigs. Most infected animals (42.1%) were 2 to 3 months old. The following parasite species were detected: C. scrofarum, C. suis and C. parvum. Indeed, asymptomatic infections caused by C. scrofarum were observed in the majority of the herds. Mixed infections caused by C. suis and C. scrofarum were not common; however, they were observed in 8.6% of the positive animals. C. parvum DNA was found only in one sample collected from a diarrheic pig. The application of molecular diagnostic tools allowed for detection and identification of Cryptosporidium species in pigs. The sporadic findings of C. parvum are subsequent evidence for the contribution of pigs in the transmission of cryptosporidiosis from animals to humans.
The effects of subcutaneous and intraocular administration of class B ODN CpG in chicken on the expression of TLR21, IFN-γ and IL-1β
Authors: Chrząstek K. , Wieliczko A. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The synthetic unmethylated oligodeoxynucleotides with CpG motifs (CpG ODN) were shown to activate Toll-like receptor 21 (TLR21) and stimulate the innate and adaptive immune system. In this study we tested the expression of TLR21, interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-1β mRNA in the blood after subcutaneous and intraocular application of the class B CpG ODN in chicken. The relative expression of mRNA of TLR21, IFN-γ and IL-1β were quantified at 3, 6, 12, 24 and 72 h post-stimulation. The study revealed that IFN-γ mRNA expression was significantly upregulated 12 h after subcutaneous stimulation with a high and low dose of ODN CpG, whereas the IL-1β mRNA expression levels were significantly upregulated 3 and 72 h after subcutaneous administration. After intraocular administration, the IL-1β mRNA levels were the highest at 24 h post-application, albeit not specifically. This data indicates that class B CpG ODN has the ability to induce TLR21 response in blood when administered parenterally in chicken. In contrast, intraocular administration of CpG ODN was not able to produce a significant increase in cytokine mRNA expression in blood. The data suggest that additional stimulus, e.g. the antigen, may be needed on the site of mucosal administration to activate systemic immune response.
Detection of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato DNA in the blood of wild bison from Białowieza Primeval Forest in eastern Poland
Authors: Adaszek Ł. , Dzięgiel B. , Krzysiak M. , Skrzypczak M. , Adaszek M. , Staniec M. , Wyłupek D. , Winiarczyk S. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the occurrence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato DNA in a group of 120 wild bison (Bison bonasus) from the Bialowieza Primeval Forest in eastern Poland. The PCR technique revealed the presence of 16S RNA of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in the blood of 16 out of 120 examined animals. DNA amplification by means of primers SC1 and SC2 gave a product with a size of 300-bp. The sequences of the PCR products obtained showed 100% homology with each other and 100% homology with B. burgdorferi s.l. 16S RNA gene DQ111061. Results of this study suggest that wild bison are important in maintaining agents of Lyme borreliosis, and that studies of reservoir competence of this species are indicated.
Mitigation effectiveness for improving nesting success of greater sage‐grouse influenced by energy development
Authors: Kirol Christopher P. , Sutphin Andrew L. , Bond Laura , Fuller Mark R. , Maechtle Thomas L. 
Published: February 2015

SagebrushArtemisiaspp. habitats being developed for oil and gas reserves are inhabited by sagebrush obligate species — including the greater sage‐grouseCentrocercus urophasianus(sage‐grouse) that is currently being considered for protection under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. Numerous studies suggest increasing oil and gas development may exacerbate species extinction risks. Therefore, there is a great need for effective on‐site mitigation to reduce impacts to co‐occurring wildlife such as sage‐grouse. Nesting success is a primary factor in avian productivity and declines in nesting success are also thought to be an important contributor to population declines in sage‐grouse. From 2008 to 2011 we monitored 296 nests of radio‐marked female sage‐grouse in a natural gas (NG) field in the Powder River Basin, Wyoming, USA, and compared nest survival in mitigated and non‐mitigated development areas and relatively unaltered areas to determine if specific mitigation practices were enhancing nest survival. Nest survival was highest in relatively unaltered habitats followed by mitigated, and then non‐mitigated NG areas. Reservoirs used for holding NG discharge water had the greatest support as having a direct relationship to nest survival. Within a 5‐km2area surrounding a nest, the probability of nest failure increased by about 15% for every 1.5 km increase in reservoir water edge. Reducing reservoirs was a mitigation focus and sage‐grouse nesting in mitigated areas were exposed to almost half of the amount of water edge compared to those in non‐mitigated areas. Further, we found that an increase in sagebrush cover was positively related to nest survival. Consequently, mitigation efforts focused on reducing reservoir construction and reducing surface disturbance, especially when the surface disturbance results in sagebrush removal, are important to enhancing sage‐grouse nesting success.
Minimally invasive percutaneous screw fixation of traumatic spondylolisthesis of the axis
Authors: Buchholz Avery Lee , Morgan Steven L. , Robinson Leslie C. , Frankel Bruce M. 
Published: February 2015

OBJECT
Most cases of traumatic spondylolisthesis of the axis (hangman's fracture) can be treated nonoperatively with reduction and subsequent immobilization in a rigid cervical collar or halo. However, in some instances, operative management is necessary and can be accomplished by using either anterior or posterior fusion techniques. Because open posterior procedures can result in significant blood loss, pain, and limited cervical range of motion, other less invasive options for posterior fixation are needed. The authors describe a minimally invasive, navigation-guided technique for surgical treatment of Levine-Edwards (L-E) Type II hangman's fractures.

METHODS
For 5 patients with L-E Type II hangman's fracture requiring operative reduction and internal fixation, percutaneous screw fixation directed through the fracture site was performed. This technique was facilitated by use of intraoperative 3D fluoroscopy and neuronavigation.

RESULTS
Of the 5 patients, 2 were women, 3 were men, and age range was 46–67 years. No intraoperative or postoperative complications occurred. All patients wore a rigid cervical collar, and flexion-extension radiographs were obtained at 6 months. For all patients, dynamic imaging demonstrated a stable construct.

CONCLUSIONS
L-E type II hangman's fractures can be safely repaired by using percutaneous minimally invasive surgical techniques. This technique may be appropriate, depending on circumstances, for all L-E Type I and II hangman's fractures; however, the degree of associated ligament injury and disc disruption must be accounted for. Percutaneous fixation is not appropriate for L-E Type III fractures because of significant displacement and ligament and disc disruption. This report is meant to serve as a feasibility study and is not meant to show superiority of this procedure over other surgical options.
Fast dynamic imaging technique to identify obstructive lesions in the CSF space: report of 2 cases
Authors: Wang Doris D. , Martin Kenneth W. , Auguste Kurtis I. , Sun Peter P. 
Published: February 2015

Disorders of CSF dynamics such as syringomyelia and obstructive hydrocephalus can be caused by thin mobile obstructive lesions not visible on traditional MRI sequences. New imaging techniques with balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) and dynamic imaging with bSSFP cine allow visualization of these pulsatile structures within the CSF space. The authors present 2 cases involving pediatric patients—one who developed presumed idiopathic syringomyelia and one with presumed communicating hydrocephalus in association with Pfeiffer syndrome—who harbored thin dynamic obstructive lesions seen on bSSFP cine studies using 1.5-T MRI.
In combination with traditional CSF cine studies and bSSFP, bSSFP cine sequence was able to detect dynamic membranous adhesions not seen on traditional MRI sequences. These previously undetectable lesions on traditional MRI sequences were the etiology of CSF obstruction, and tailored surgical approaches were performed to avoid shunting in both patients. These reports demonstrate the clinical utility for using these novel imaging tools for the detection of thin adhesions and dynamic lesions in the central nervous system. Balanced SSFP cine sequences can supplement conventional MR modalities to identify these otherwise poorly visualized lesions responsible for presumed communicating hydrocephalus or idiopathic syringomyelia.
Analysis of neurosurgical reoperations: use of a surgical checklist and reduction of infection-related and preventable complication-related reoperations
Authors: Lepänluoma Marjut , Rahi Melissa , Takala Riikka , Löyttyniemi Eliisa , Ikonen Tuija S. 
Published: February 2015

OBJECT
Use of the WHO surgical checklist has been proven to reduce surgical morbidity and mortality, but its effect on surgical complications requiring reoperation has not been previously studied. The aim of this study was to determine whether the use of the WHO surgical checklist would have an impact on the number and causes of neurosurgical complications leading to a reoperation.

METHODS
The authors retrospectively gathered information on all neurosurgical reoperations using hospital discharge data as well as the operations and procedures registry, and tracked all primary neurosurgical operations (n = 175) preceding a complication-related reoperation from 2007 to 2011. There were a total of 5418 neurosurgical operations during the study period. For further analysis of electronic patient records, the primary operations were divided into 2 groups based on the time of the WHO surgical checklist implementation in the authors' unit: 103 operations before and 72 after the introduction of the checklist. Observed adverse events and reoperations were categorized as preventable or unpreventable, and the actual use of the checklist during each operation was recorded.

RESULTS
The overall rate of preventable complication-related neurosurgical reoperations decreased from 3.3% (95% CI 2.7%–4.0%) to 2.0% (95% CI 1.5%–2.6%) after the checklist implementation. The reoperations were mainly due to wound infections, 46% before and 39% after the checklist. All infection-related reoperations proportioned to all neurosurgical operations (2.5% before vs 1.6% after checklist implementation) showed a significant reduction (p = 0.02) after the implementation of the checklist. In particular, there was a significant decrease (p = 0.006) in the rate of preventable infections associated with reoperations, i.e., 2.2% before versus 1.2% after checklist implementation. The overall adherence to checklist use (the “time out” phase) in neurosurgical operations was 78%, and adherence was 70% in primary operations preceding a complication-related reoperation regarded as preventable.

CONCLUSIONS
The implementation of the WHO surgical checklist in neurosurgery was associated with a decrease in complication-related reoperations, especially those due to preventable infection complications, the majority of which were wound infections. The adherence to checklist use in individual operations after the checklist implementation did not appear to have an impact on the results.
Usefulness of the indocyanine green fluorescence endoscope in endonasal transsphenoidal surgery
Authors: Hide Takuichiro , Yano Shigetoshi , Shinojima Naoki , Kuratsu Jun-ichi 
Published: February 2015

OBJECT
To avoid disorientation during endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery (ETSS), the confirmation of anatomical landmarks is essential. Neuronavigation systems can be pointed at exact sites, but their spatial resolution power is too low for the detection of vessels that cannot be seen on MR images. On Doppler ultrasonography the shape of concealed arteries and veins cannot be visualized. To address these problems, the authors evaluated the clinical usefulness of the indocyanine green (ICG) endoscope.

METHODS
The authors included 38 patients with pituitary adenomas (n = 26), tuberculum sellae meningiomas (n = 4), craniopharyngiomas (n = 3), chordomas (n = 2), Rathke's cleft cyst (n = 1), dermoid cyst (n = 1), or fibrous dysplasia (n = 1). After opening the sphenoid sinus and placing the ICG endoscope, the authors injected 12.5 mg of ICG into a peripheral vein as a bolus and observed the internal carotid arteries (ICAs), cavernous sinus, intercavernous sinus, and pituitary.

RESULTS
The ICA was clearly identified by a strong fluorescence signal through the dura mater and the covering thin bone. The intercavernous and cavernous sinuses were visualized a few seconds later. In patients with tuberculum sellae meningiomas, the abnormal tumor arteries in the dura were seen and the vague outline of the attachment was identified. At the final inspection after tumor removal, perforators to the brain, optic nerves, chiasm, and pituitary stalk were visualized. ICG fluorescence signals from the hypophyseal arteries were strong enough to see and spread to the area of perfusion with the passage of time.

CONCLUSIONS
The ICA and the patent cavernous sinus were detected with the ICG endoscope in real time and at high resolution. The ICG endoscope is very useful during ETSS. The authors suggest that the real-time observation of the blood supply to the optic nerves and pituitary helps to predict the preservation of their function.
Suprachiasmatic translamina terminalis corridor used in endoscopic endonasal approach for resecting third ventricular craniopharyngioma
Authors: Gu Ye , Zhang Xiaobiao , Hu Fan , Yu Yong , Xie Tao , Sun Chongjing , Li Wensheng 
Published: February 2015

OBJECT
The translamina terminalis corridor was used in the transcranial anterior route to treat third ventricular craniopharyngioma (TVC), which presents a challenge to neurosurgeons. The endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) has recently been used to treat craniopharyngiomas. However, there are few reports of the EEA being used to treat TVC. The authors' novel surgical approach of treating selected TVC by the endoscopic endonasal route via the suprachiasmatic translamina terminalis (STLT) corridor is described.

METHODS
In this single-center study, the EEA via the STLT corridor was used to resect TVC with great upper and anterior extension causing bulged lamina terminalis, and TVC with a residual upper compartment, after routine infrachiasmatic transmetastalk corridor resection.

RESULTS
The STLT corridor was used in 3 patients. Gross-total resection was achieved in all cases. One patient achieved visual improvement, and the other 2 patients showed partial visual improvement. Leakage of CSF occurred in 1 patient. Postoperative hormone replacement therapy was required in all patients.

CONCLUSIONS
The STLT corridor is a complementary minimally invasive corridor used in the EEA for treating selected TVC. The STLT alone or combined with infrachiasmatic transmetastalk corridors should be selected depending on the size of suprachiasmatic and infrachiasmatic space.
Caring for livestock. Borana women's perceptions of their changing role in livestock management in southern Ethiopia
Authors: Hertkorn Marie-Luise , Roba Hassan , Kaufmann Brigitte 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Livestock management in the Borana pastoral production system is performed by all family members and the functioning of the system depends on their capability to conduct these activities. However, in recent times, multi-level changes seem to have affected these activities and the related division of labour and demand for labour. In this study we used an actororiented approach to understand how Borana pastoral women in southern Ethiopia perceive and evaluate their current role and work in livestock management under the increasing influence of these changes. Based on information gained through 58 semi-structured and nine narrative interviews, women's perceptions of the activity 'fodder collection for young stock' are presented as an example, as this activity is affected by both environmental issues and government policies that have led to changes in labour needs and division of labour between Borana women and men.
'Real Bedouin Words': Orality, Moral Authority, and Bedouin Women's Poetry in Contemporary Jordan
Authors: Seeley Maria 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Jordanian Bedouin women performing Arabic Nabati poetry use oral and 'masculine' poetic genres to communicate politically with a wide audience, as the poetry's distance from women's personal lives preserves their modesty and morality as Bedouin women while providing a means of challenging their exclusion from public life. By focusing on individual poets and poetesses and their works within a dispersed international community, locating content and performance in its social setting, I examine poetry as a category-constructing practice where the gendering of expression and moral authority may be contested and reconfigured.
Stratégies d'adaptation aux vulnérabilités du pastoralisme
Authors: Bonnet Bernard , Guibert Bertrand 
Published: February 2015

Les trajectoires familiales mettent en évidence la perception qu’ont les éleveurs des crises et des aléas successifs qu’ils ont eu à affronter de manière récurrente : sécheresses, épidémies, insécurité, contraintes liées aux politiques d’aménagement. Face à ces différents facteurs mettant à l’épreuve la vulnérabilité des familles, les éleveurs ont développé des réponses et des stratégies dont l’efficacité est évaluée de manière rétrospective : diversification de la mobilité, accès aux aliments du bétail, développement de la pluriactivité, pratiques nouvelles contre l’insécurité... Au regard de ces analyses, on est conduit à s’interroger sur la pertinence des stratégies de sédentarisation des pasteurs, l’agropastoralisme contraint par la perte d’une grande partie du bétail n’offrant pas, en définitive, d’alternative viable socialement et économiquement.
Accompagner la mobilité pastorale au Tchad
Authors: Krätli Saverio , Monimart Marie , Jalloh Blamah , Swift Jeremy , Hesse Ced 
Published: February 2015

Cet article est basé sur l’évaluation de vingt ans d’interventions en hydraulique pastorale au Tchad soutenues par une agence de coopération internationale pour le développement. Il met en évidence un changement radical d’approche chez les bailleurs de fond et les pouvoirs publics : de la vision de la fourniture d’eau comme une fin en soi (sectorielle) à celle de l’eau comme moyen de sécuriser la mobilité pastorale (systémique). Dans la pratique, cela se traduit par un engagement dans des projets à vaste échelle de temps et d’espace, par une détermination à reconnaître leur contexte socio-économique, en soutenant les institutions coutumières concernées, et par la promotion de la complémentarité des systèmes de production impliqués. Cette expérience offre des leçons utiles pour instaurer la sécurité au Sahel et pour relever le défi de la modernisation des systèmes pastoraux en les renforçant et non en les démantelant.
Situations de crise et modes de raisonnement : effets de l'intensité du positionnement sur le choix d'un canevas de raisonnement
Authors: Pecly Wolter Rafael , Rouquette Michel-Louis 
Published: February 2015

Résumé Pour lutter contre l’exception ou la contradiction deux types de canevas de raisonnement ont été étudiés : le schème étrange et le schème de la négation. En situation de crise, les sujets ont positionnements polarisés ; lorsque les personnes se mobilisent c’est qu’elles adorent ou détestent l’objet source de mobilisation. Nous pensons que dans de telles situations, face à la contradiction, les sujets aux positionnements polarisés utiliseraient davantage le schème de la négation que les sujets au positionnement modéré. Nous pensons aussi que les sujets au positionnement modéré utiliseront davantage le schème étrange, car ce type de rationalisation demande des ressources cognitives indisponibles chez les sujets polarisés. En octobre 2007 plusieurs Universités françaises étaient bloquées, les étudiants se mobilisant contre la Loi sur la Reforme des Universités. Dans cette situation trois positionnements face au blocage étaient possibles ; pour, contre et neutre. Pour créer la contradiction chez les sujets (n = 143) ont leur affirmait que le blocage avait une caractéristique en contradiction avec leur opinion. Les résultats confirment nos prévisions, il est possible de voir que le simple fait de se positionner (ceci indépendamment de la valence de ce positionnement) fait que les sujets utilisent moins le schème étrange (t (141) = - 3.88 ; p. < .001) et plus le schème de la négation (t (141) = 3,37 ; p < .001), comparativement aux sujets au positionnement non extrême. Ainsi lorsque l’objet aimé/détesté est contredit, les sujets seraient davantage prêts à rejeter qu’à discuter.