bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE‐Q) in Norwegian Adults: Discrimination between Female Controls and Eating Disorder Patients
Authors: Rø Øyvind , Reas Deborah L. , Stedal Kristin 
Published: June 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the optimal Eating Disorder Examination‐Questionnaire (EDE‐Q) global score to discriminate between female controls and patients by eating disorder (ED) diagnosis, body mass index (BMI) and age.MethodA sample of 1845 control participants and 620 patients from specialty ED treatment centres.ResultsMean global EDE‐Q was 4.00 [standard deviation (SD) = 1.32] for patients and 1.25 (SD = 1.10) for controls. Receiver operating characteristic analyses demonstrated an area under the curve of 0.93 (95% CI: 0.91–0.94), with an optimal cut‐off score of 2.50 (sensitivity = 0.86; specificity = 0.86), ranging from 2.09 for anorexia nervosa, 2.62 for bulimia nervosa and 2.63 for ED otherwise not specified. Optimal cut‐off scores also varied according to BMI, ranging from 1.62 (BMI ≤ 18.0 kg/m2) to 3.26 (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2), with less variability for age, ranging inversely from 2.16 (>40 years) to 2.70 (<20 years).DiscussionThe global EDE‐Q score showed high discriminant validity, and findings illustrate the particular importance of considering BMI and diagnosis when applying cut‐offs based upon the EDE‐Q. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
An M2M cognitive MAC protocol for overlaid OFDMA environments
Authors: Tarchi Daniele , Fantacci Romano , Marabissi Dania 
Published: June 2015

AbstractMachine to machine (M2M) communications have gained in the last years an increasing interest due to ever growing number of machine‐type devices that are used in different application fields by allowing low cost and efficient communications among devices mainly in an autonomous manner. Even if M2M protocols need of dedicated resources, a new paradigm called cognitive M2M (CM2M) has been recently introduced in order to exploit cognitive/opportunistic radio communications. The aim of this paper is to outline a CM2M mechanism, where the primary network is based on the orthogonal frequency division multiple access technique, while the M2M communication‐based secondary network uses a novel medium access control technique, named data aided cognitive technique (DACT). The performance of the proposed DACT protocol is derived by means of suitable analytical methods under different operational conditions. Analytical predictions are also validated by comparisons with numerical results obtained through computer simulations, in order to show the effectiveness of the proposed solution in terms of throughput, delay, resource wastage and CM2M devices queue length; to this aim, the proposed DACT protocol has been implemented with different alternatives. Among them, an adaptive approach allows to optimise the system performance by increasing the overall throughput while keeping under control the system delay and the resource wastage. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Purpose‐Driven Action: The Ethical Aspect and Social Responsibility of Evaluation
Authors: Levin‐Rozalis Miri 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis article raises questions concerning the boundaries of the evaluator's role and the scope of evaluation with regard to ethical issues. In a unique dialog format, a variety of thinkers are brought to the stage in order to illuminate these issues. Their collective answer is that evaluators bear a very great social responsibility: to look broadly, to look forward, to be responsible for their actions, and as far as possible, to be sure that their efforts are indeed for the benefit of those who will ultimately be affected by their work.
Evaluation Under Occupation: The Role of Evaluators in Protecting and Promoting Social Justice and Equality in Conflict‐Affected and Fragile Contexts (The Case of the Occupied Palestinian Territory)
Authors: Bitar Khalil 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe article explicates the conditions in which evaluators in the occupied Palestinian territory (oPt) find themselves due to the realities of the occupation and the conflict‐affected and fragile context. It explains the challenges evaluators in the oPt have experienced while conducting evaluations during the last 20 years since the establishment of the Palestinian National Authority in 1994. The evolution of the role of evaluators during the past decade in light of these challenges is presented including what evaluators have been doing to protect and promote social justice, and the strategies used to do so. The article concludes with suggestions on the role evaluators can play in protecting and promoting social justice in other countries in the region and other similar contexts based on the Palestinian experience.
Selecting Occupational Safety Equipment by MCDM Approach Considering Universal Design Principles
Authors: Yılmaz Kaya Burcu , Dağdeviren Metin 
Published: June 2015

AbstractOccupational safety concept, which has become a major subject in all industries, has a vital importance in preventing accidents and ensuring a safe working environment. This study proposes an integrated approach to evaluate occupational safety equipment by considering universal design (UD) and technical requirements, both separately and simultaneously. UD principles are concerned with making things usable for anyone, whatever their conditions may be, without any requirements for rearrangement. Two robust multicriteria decision making (MCDM) aid methods, AHP and fuzzy PROMETHEE, are employed to handle the evaluation process in the presented study. The study also includes a demonstration of the proposed approach on a real MCDM problem. The study findings indicate that the proposed approach is valid and accurate, and the inclusion of UD principles has a positive and comprehensive effect on the selection process.
Calcium phosphate nanoparticles carrying BMP‐7 plasmid DNA induce an osteogenic response in MC3T3‐E1 pre‐osteoblasts
Authors: Hadjicharalambous Chrystalleni , Kozlova Diana , Sokolova Viktoriya , Epple Matthias , Chatzinikolaidou Maria 
Published: June 2015

AbstractFunctionalized calcium phosphate nanoparticles with osteogenic activity were prepared. Polyethyleneimine‐stabilized calcium phosphate nanoparticles were coated with a shell of silica and covalently functionalized by silanization with thiol groups. Between the calcium phosphate surface and the outer silica shell, plasmid DNA which encoded either for bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP‐7) or for enhanced green fluorescent protein was incorporated as cargo. The plasmid DNA‐loaded calcium phosphate nanoparticles were used for the transfection of the pre‐osteoblastic MC3T3‐E1 cells. The cationic nanoparticles showed high transfection efficiency together with a low cytotoxicity. Their potential to induce an osteogenic response by transfection was demonstrated by measuring the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcium deposition with alizarin red staining. The expression of the osteogenic markers Alp, Runx2, ColIa1 and Bsp was investigated by means of real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. It was shown that phBMP‐7‐loaded nanoparticles can provide a means of transient transfection and localized production of BMP‐7 in MC3T3‐E1 cells, with a subsequent increase of two osteogenic markers, specifically ALP activity and calcium accumulation in the extracellular matrix. Future strategies to stimulate bone regeneration focus into enhancing transfection efficiency and achieving higher levels of BMP‐7 produced by the transfected cells. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 3834–3842, 2015.
Polycan suppresses osteoclast differentiation and titanium particle‐induced osteolysis in mice
Authors: Lee Young‐Eun , Park Kwang‐Soo , Park Eui‐Kyun , Im Sang‐Uk , Choi Youn‐Hee , Song Keun‐Bae 
Published: June 2015

AbstractParticle‐induced osteolysis is a major issue, and it is most likely the result of enhanced osteoclast activation in the pathogenesis of various skeletal diseases. This study investigated whether the inhibitory effect that Polycan has on osteoclast differentiation can be used to treat osteolysis induced by titanium (Ti) particles. To this end, the effects of Polycan were examined in terms of the cytotoxicity, osteoclast differentiation, cytokine expression, and Ti‐induced calvarial osteolysis. Polycan had no significant cytotoxic effects on bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) but instead increased BMM proliferation. High levels of interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐12, and macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (M‐CSF) were expressed in BMM cells in the presence of Polycan, suggesting that Polycan drives the differentiation of BMMs into M1 macrophages. Polycan significantly inhibited osteoclast differentiation induced by M‐CSF and the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa‐B ligand (RANKL). The expression levels of the osteoclast marker genes significantly decreased, and Polycan induced and maintained the expression of IL‐12, which suppressed osteoclast differentiation. In contrast, the RANKL signaling pathway was not inhibited by Polycan. An in vivo calvarial osteolysis model revealed that Polycan significantly decreased the osteoclast numbers and suppressed osteolysis. Our results suggest that the natural compound Polycan is a good candidate for therapeutic intervention against enhanced osteoclast differentiation and Ti particle‐induced osteolysis. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 1170–1175, 2016.
Femoral Strength Changes Faster With Age Than BMD in Both Women and Men: A Biomechanical Study
Authors: Rezaei Asghar , Dragomir-Daescu Dan 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT

Although a large number of studies have addressed the age-related changes in bone mineral density (BMD), there is a paucity of data for the assessment of femoral strength loss with age in both genders. We determined the variation of strength with age in femurs of women and men by mechanical tests on a cohort of 100 cadaveric femurs. In addition, the age-related neck BMD loss in our cadaveric cohort was found to be similar with BMD loss of four published population-based studies. Given the strong correlation found in our cadaveric study between BMD and femoral strength, we also estimated the femoral strength of the four populations based on their reported neck BMDs. Our study showed that men's femurs in our cadaveric cohort were stronger than women's femurs by about 800 N at the same BMD level, and by 1750 N at the same age. The strength differences were not explained satisfactorily by the size difference between men's and women's bones. Similar to the findings of clinical studies, the BMD values of men at all ages were larger than that of women. The age-related loss rates in BMD and strength were not statistically different between the two genders of our cadaveric cohort. After normalization, strength decreased more than 40% faster than BMD. On average, men reached a certain BMD value about 16 years later than women, and for strength about 23 years later, which may explain the higher rate of hip fracture in postmenopausal women. In patient population cohorts men reached a similar BMD value about 16 to 25 years later than women, whereas for estimated strength, sometimes more than 40 years later. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
A Delphi study among internal medicine clinicians to determine which therapeutic information is essential to record in a medical record
Authors: van Unen Robert J. , Tichelaar Jelle , Nanayakkara Prabath W.B. , van Agtmael Michiel A. , Richir Milan C. , de Vries Theo P.G.M. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractSeveral studies have demonstrated that using a template for recording general and diagnostic information in the medical record (MR) improves the completeness of MR documentation, communication between doctors, and performance of doctors. However, little is known about how therapeutic information should be structured in the MR. The aim of this study was to investigate which specific therapeutic information registrars and consultants in internal medicine consider essential to record in the MR. Therefore, we carried out a 2‐round Internet Delphi study. Fifty‐nine items were assessed on a 5‐point scale; an item was considered important if ≥80% of the respondents awarded it a score of 4 or 5. In total, 26 registrars and 30 consultants in internal medicine completed both rounds of the study. Overall, they considered it essential to include information about 11 items in the MR. Subgroup analyses revealed that the registrars considered 8 additional items essential, whereas the consultants considered 1 additional item essential to record. Study findings can be used as a starting point to develop a structured section of the MR for therapeutic information for both paper and electronic MRs. This section should contain at least 11 items considered essential by registrars and clinical consultants in internal medicine.
Comparison of a conventional two‐column demethanizer/deethanizer configuration requiring refrigerated condensers with a nonconventional column/rectifier configuration
Authors: Luyben William L 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDMany researchers have demonstrated the economic advantages in some separations of non‐conventional distillation configurations such as the use of a side rectifier or a divided‐wall column. Most of the systems studied in the literature appear to have operating pressures that permit the use of cooling water in the condenser. This inexpensive heat sink means that the energy economics depend almost solely on reboiler duty. This work explores the situation in which expensive refrigeration must be used in the condensers. The numerical example is the production of natural gas liquids (NGL).RESULTSThe resulting cryogenic reflux‐drum temperatures (−80 °C in the demethanizer and 12 °C in the deethanizer) require expensive refrigeration. Therefore, the economics depend on both reboiler duties and condenser duties. Two cases are studied. The first uses the product specifications proposed in a literature paper, which correspond to very high recoveries of methane and ethane. The second case uses more reasonable recoveries and also finds the optimum recovery for propane.CONCLUSIONSIn the first case, the conventional two‐column configuration is more economically attractive than the non‐conventional column/rectifier configuration because of lower refrigeration costs. In the second case, the opposite is true because the refrigeration load is much smaller. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Extended evolution: A conceptual framework for integrating regulatory networks and niche construction
Authors: Laubichler Manfred D. , Renn Jürgen 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTThis paper introduces a conceptual framework for the evolution of complex systems based on the integration of regulatory network and niche construction theories. It is designed to apply equally to cases of biological, social and cultural evolution. Within the conceptual framework we focus especially on the transformation of complex networks through the linked processes of externalization and internalization of causal factors between regulatory networks and their corresponding niches and argue that these are an important part of evolutionary explanations. This conceptual framework extends previous evolutionary models and focuses on several challenges, such as the path‐dependent nature of evolutionary change, the dynamics of evolutionary innovation and the expansion of inheritance systems.J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 324B: 565–577, 2015. © 2015 The Authors.Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B: Molecular and Developmental Evolutionpublished by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Intraseasonal variability of the tropical Pacific subsurface temperature in the two flavours of El Niño
Authors: Feng Junqiao , Wang Qingye , Hu Shijian , Hu Dunxin 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTThe spatial structure and temporal evolution of the intraseasonal variability (ISV) of the subsurface ocean temperature (STA) in the equatorial Pacific associated with the two flavours of El Niño [i.e. the canonical or eastern Pacific (EP) El Niño and the central Pacific (CP) El Niño] are investigated using observations and 1.5‐layer linear reduced gravity model. Results suggest that the ISV characteristics show some differences in the two types of El Niño, although both oscillate along the thermocline in the form of the intraseasonal equatorial Kelvin wave (IEKW), which is excited in the western tropical Pacific by the zonal wind stress associated with the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO). First, the period of dominant mode of the STA ISV during CP El Niño broadly distributes in 50–80 days with the spectra peaking in 60–65 days. By contrast, the spectrum of STA ISV during EP El Niño shows a peak in 75–80‐day period. This indicates that the wave speed is faster in the CP El Niño than in EP El Niño. Second, the ISV activity peaks in previous spring during the developing phase of EP El Niño, whereas during CP El Niño it becomes the most active during the mature phase. Third, the strongest IEKW occurs in the CP around the dateline during CP El Niño and attenuates quickly east of 130°W due to strong eddy viscosity dissipation, while the IEKW during the EP El Niño propagates efficiently from the western to the eastern Pacific with a relative weak diffusion.
Climatic gradients along the windward slopes of Mount Kenya and their implication for crop risks. Part 2: crop sensitivity
Authors: Philippon Nathalie , Baron Christian , Boyard‐Micheau Joseph , Adde Antoine , Leclerc Christian , Mwongera Caroline , Camberlin Pierre 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTMount Kenya is an equatorial mountain whose climatic setting is fairly simple (two rainy seasons in March–May, the Long Rains, and October–December, the Short Rains) though concealing significant spatial variations related to elevation and aspect (part I, Camberlin et al., 2014). This part II is dedicated to the sensitivity of sorghum yields to climate variability in space and time, with a focus on the intra‐seasonal characteristics of the rainy seasons. To that aim we use the crop model SARRA‐H calibrated for the region and fed with rainfall, temperature, wind speed, humidity and solar radiation data over the period 1973–2001 at three stations located on the eastern slopes of Mount Kenya. The crop model is run independently for the two rainy seasons. Four groups of simulations are conducted by varying the initialization date of the simulation, the sowing dates and the type of soil, in order to test sorghum sensitivity to water availability. Evidence is found that potential sorghum yields are dominantly controlled by variations in seasonal rainfall amounts: mean yields are higher at higher and wetter locations, and are higher during the wettest rainy season and years. However, beyond this apparent simplicity, more complex aspects emerge of the crop–climate relationships. First, the yield–elevation relationship is altered at high elevation due to lower temperature. Second, despite a strong link with the seasonal rainfall amounts, we evidence an underlying role of some intra‐seasonal rainfall characteristics such as the number of rainy days (itself mainly determined by the rainy season duration) or the occurrence of long dry spells. Third, unseasonal rains occurring after the end of the rainy season, especially after the Short Rains, play a role in final crop yield. Fourth, variations of climate variables such as solar radiation by modulating the potential evapotranspiration concur to yield variations at the wettest locations.
Alterations in Soil Chemical Properties Induced by Continuous Rice Cultivation: A Study on the Arid Nile Delta Soils of Egypt
Authors: El‐Shahway Ashraf Samy , Mahmoud Mahmoud M. A. , Udeigwe Theophilus K. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractChanges in soil chemical properties resulting from continuous rice (Oryza sativa) cultivation on the Nile Delta soils of Egypt were examined. The eight soil profiles characterized for this study were designated as 0 (crop rotation without rice), 1 (crop rotation with rice after every 2 years), and 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 representing continuous rice cultivation for 2, 4, 8, 12, 15, and 20 years, respectively. Sampling was conducted at 0–20, 20–40, 40–60, and 60–80 cm depths for each profile and samples analyzed for a suite of chemical properties. Soil pH, salinity indicators [electrical conductivity (EC), and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP)], as well as soluble and exchangeable cations and anions such as chloride and sulfate, all tended to decrease with years of continuous rice cultivation, with a number of significant (p < 0·05) differences observed. Cation exchange capacity (CEC) increased with years of continuous rice cultivation, with a 12% increase observed between 2‐ and 20‐year continuous rice cultivation systems. Principal component analysis conducted on soil properties within the continuous rice cultivation systems (profiles 2–7) revealed two possible components, namely F1 (pH, EC, ESP, and soluble Na+, Mg2+, K+, Cl−, and SO4−2) and F2 (clay, organic matter, and CEC), which could be broadly associated to soil salinity and soil fertility, respectively. Findings suggested possible alterations in soil chemical properties by continuous rice cultivation practices on these Nile Delta soils of Egypt, Africa. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Measuring Field Rill Erodibility by a Simplified Method
Authors: Di Stefano Costanza , Ferro Vito , Pampalone Vincenzo 
Published: June 2015

AbstractMany process‐oriented erosion prediction models reproduce rill erosion as affected by site‐specific parameters, as for example, rill erodibility, and thus, their practical application requires the measurement of these parameters or their estimate.The aim of this paper was establishing a method for indirectly measuring field rill erodibility. A simple mathematical approach based on a known soil detachment equation and accounting for the rill erosion dynamic process is applied. Field measurements carried out for seven natural rainfall events occurring at the plots of the Sparacia experimental station, southern Italy, are used for indirectly measuring the rill erodibility of the investigated soil. This method needs only the knowledge of the geometric characteristics of the rills at the end of the erosion event and the event duration. The method was also tested by using the Water Erosion Prediction Project database, and this analysis showed that a reliable value of rill erodibility can be obtained by the proposed Equation . The proposed method has the following advantages: (i) to be applicable at field scale, being more realistic than the laboratory scale because the soil structure is not destroyed, and (ii) to avoid the disadvantages of field experiments such as the cumbersome experimental set‐up and the large volume of water inflow needed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.