bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tinea capitis and tinea faciei in the Zurich area – an 8‐year survey of trends in the epidemiology and treatment patterns
Authors: Kieliger S. , Glatz M. , Cozzio A. , Bosshard P.P. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundTinea capitis and tinea faciei are dermatophyte infections of the scalp and glabrous skin of the face affecting mainly prepubertal children. During the past 30 years, a significant increase and a change in the pattern of infectious agents has been noted for tinea capitis.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine trends in the current epidemiological situation of tinea capitis and tinea faciei in the Zurich area, Switzerland and adjacent Central and Eastern Switzerland.MethodsConsecutive cases diagnosed between 2006 and 2013 were studied retrospectively.ResultsA total of 90 tinea capitis and 40 tinea faciei cases were observed. Anthropophilic isolates (primarily Trichophyton violaceum and Microsporum audouinii) accounted for 76% of tinea capitis cases. In contrast, zoophilic isolates (primarily T. interdigitale) were responsible for 73% of tinea faciei cases. The peak incidence in both conditions was in 4–8 year‐old children. While the annual number of tinea faciei cases remained stable over the past 8 years, a trend for an increase in T. violaceum‐positive tinea capitis has been observed. This was mainly due to patients of African ethnicity.ConclusionsAnthropophilic isolates accounted for three quarters of tinea capitis and one quarter of tinea faciei cases. T. violaceum‐positive tinea capitis was primarily linked to patients of African ethnicity. Tinea capitis caused by Microsporum spp. was more refractory to therapy and needed longer treatment than Trichophyton spp.‐induced infection.
An update of fixed drug eruptions in Singapore
Authors: Heng Y.K. , Yew Y.W. , Lim D.S.Y. , Lim Y.L. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundFixed drug eruptions (FDE) are most commonly caused by antibiotics and non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The list of causative drugs changes with time and prescribing patterns but there has been no recent data on FDE seen in an outpatient setting in Singapore.ObjectiveWe aimed to evaluate the epidemiology, clinical features and causative drugs in patients with FDE in Singapore.MethodsWe performed a retrospective chart review of all patients seen with suspected FDE in the National Skin Centre, Singapore between 2008 and 2012. Using criteria adapted from the WHO‐UMC causality assessment criteria, patients were classified into categories of definite (confirmed with patch test or drug provocation test), probable (causative drug identified based on patient's history), possible (clinically consistent but unable to identify causative drug) or unlikely FDE.ResultsWe reviewed the charts of 126 patients who were seen for suspected FDE. Ten patients (7.0%) were classified as having definite FDE, 52 patients (41.3%) probable FDE, 61 patients (48.4%) possible FDE and three patients (2.4%) unlikely FDE. Clinical features were similar to those described in previous studies. Among the 62 patients with definite or probable FDE, etoricoxib was the most common cause (24 patients, 38.7%). Other common causes included paracetamol, other NSAIDs and doxycycline. Antihistamines caused FDE in three patients.ConclusionEtoricoxib was the most frequent cause of FDE in our study. Other NSAIDs, paracetamol and doxycycline remain common causes of FDE but we caution that antihistamines, such as cetirizine, should also be considered.
Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in a spontaneous pregnancy with invasive mole
Authors: Wu Xia , Zhu Jie , Zhao Aimin 
Published: December 2014

AbstractSpontaneous ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (sOHSS) is an extremely rare event. Herein, we report a case of severe sOHSS with invasive mole in a 29‐year‐old woman. In this case the full‐blown OHSS developed after evacuation when the serum β‐hCG value was declining. Also noticeable was a very high level of cancer antigen‐125. Molecular biology study of the follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSHR) gene did not detect exonic mutations, but revealed the presence of c.‐29G>A (rs1394205) in the 5′‐non‐coding region of exon 1. The A307T and S680N polymorphisms of exon 10 of FSHR was Thr307 Asn680. Although sOHSS is a rare entity, clinicians must bear the differential diagnosis of sOHSS in mind if a patient presents with gross ascites and other symptoms of ovarian cancer, which also may be signs of OHSS. Whether the single nucleotide polymorphism rs1394205 affects the level of transcriptional activity of the FSHR gene needs to be studied in the future.
Transvaginal ultrasound‐guided local methotrexate administration as the first‐line treatment for cesarean scar pregnancy: Follow‐up of 18 cases
Authors: Cok Tayfun , Kalayci Hakan , Ozdemir Halis , Haydardedeoglu Bulent , Parlakgumus Ayse H. , Tarim Ebru 
Published: December 2014

AbstractCesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) is a rare type of ectopic pregnancy, which occurs in previous cesarean section scar tissue, with an incidence of 1 in 1800–3000 pregnancies. Transvaginal ultrasound‐guided local methotrexate (MTX) administration presents as a non‐systemic option with possible better penetration to the pregnancy site. We present the management of 18 patients with CSP solely by transvaginal ultrasound‐guided local MTX administration. All patients were treated with local MTX with a dose of 50 mg/m2. Eleven (61.1%) of the patients did not need any further intervention. Four patients (22.2%) were treated with additional single‐dose systemic MTX due to inadequate alteration in blood β‐human chorionic gonadotrophin levels. Three patients (16.7%) required hysteroscopy and/or laparotomy. We suggest that transvaginal ultrasound‐guided local MTX treatment may be considered as a first‐line treatment for CSP.
OCT‐4 and DAZL expression in precancerous lesions of the human uterine cervix
Authors: Stefanidis Konstantinos , Pergialiotis Vasileios , Christakis Dimitrios , Patta Jessica , Stefanidi Diamanto , Loutradis Dimitrios 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAimTo determine whether octamer‐binding transcription factor 4 (OCT‐4) and deleted in azoospermia like (DAZL) are expressed among cells with human papilloma virus (HPV) infection and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) lesions and quantify their relative expression when compared with normal cervical cultures.MethodsCervical cells derived from normal cell cultures, HPV lesions and CIN lesions were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium supplemented with 20% amniotic fluid and 5 ng/mL basic fibroblast growth factor at 37°C and humidified 10% CO2 in air. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out using G6PD as a reference. We used REST for statistical analysis of real‐time PCR.ResultsWhereas DAZL was not expressed either in normal cultures or HPV and CIN lesions, OCT‐4 was expressed in all examined cell lines. Moreover its relative expression was significantly upregulated among cultures of HPV‐infected cells (RE, 11.003; 95%CI: 0.054–36 704.527, P = 0.042), an observation that was also close to statistical significance among cultures of CIN lesions (P = 0.066).ConclusionThe relative expression of OCT‐4 is upregulated during the early, preinvasive stages of cervical carcinogenesis. Future studies should investigate its potential as a screening marker and as a possible target of therapy.
Hysteroscopic septal resection using unipolar resectoscope versus bipolar resectoscope: Prospective, randomized study
Authors: Roy Kallol Kumar , Kansal Yamini , Subbaiah Murali , Kumar Sunesh , Sharma Jai Bhagwan , Singh Neeta 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAimTo compare the operation and reproductive outcome of hysteroscopic septal resection using unipolar resectoscope verses bipolar resectoscope.MethodsIn this prospective randomized study, 70 women underwent hysteroscopic septal resection using either unipolar resectoscope or bipolar resectoscope. Intraoperative parameters (operation time, fluid deficit and complications) and pre‐ and postoperative serum sodium levels were compared between the two groups. A second‐look hysteroscopy was performed after 6 weeks. All pregnancies occurring during the follow‐up period were recorded.ResultsThere was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of operation parameters and second‐look hysteroscopy findings. Six patients in the unipolar group were found to have hyponatremia in the postoperative period compared to none in the bipolar group (P = 0.025). Regarding reproductive outcome, the difference between the two groups was not significant.ConclusionThe use of bipolar resectoscope is associated with lesser risk of hyponatremia compared to unipolar resectoscope. Bipolar resectoscopy is a safe alternative to unipolar resectoscopy with similar reproductive outcome.
Percutaneous Device Closure of Patent Ductus Arteriosus with Pulmonary Artery Hypertension: Long‐Term Results
Authors: VIJAYALAKSHMI ISHWARAPPA BALEKUNDRI , SETTY NATRAJ , NARASIMHAN CHITRA , SINGLA VIVEK , MANJUNATH CHOLENAHALLI NANJAPPA 
Published: December 2014

Device closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is treatment of choice. But device closure in presence of pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) remains a challenge. Data on patient selection, technical considerations, and complications are limited.AimTo know the challenges and efficacy of device closure of PDA with PAH.Materials and ResultsOut of 1,325 cases of device closure of PDA, 246 (18.6%) with PAH formed the study material. To test the feasibility, chosen device is used to occlude PDA for ten minutes without oxygen inhalation. The device is released only if PAH reduced. PAH decreased in all except in 1 patient after closure with muscular ventricular septal occluder (MVSDO), pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) transiently increased (became supra‐systemic), without significant reduction in aortic pressure. Device embolized in 8 patients (3.3%). Percutaneous retrieval was done in 4 (by snare in 2 and by fixing the cable to device in 2) and replaced with bigger devices. The surgical removal of the embolized MVSDO and ligation was done in 4 cases. All patients were on oral sildenafil and bosentan until PAP regressed to normal. Follow up was from 6 months to 9 years. No residual shunt in any patient on follow‐up. The PAP regressed to normal in all except 5 cases (2.03%) of Down's syndrome with systemic PAP.ConclusionsDevice closure of PDA with PAH is feasible, safe in all age groups. Temporary PDA occlusion with device is effective and time saving for evaluating pulmonary vascular reactivity. Device embolization in aorta is higher with severe PAH. Novel method of retrieval is effective.
‘MY KIDNEYS, MY CHOICE, DECISION AID’: SUPPORTING SHARED DECISION MAKING
Authors: Fortnum Debbie , Smolonogov Tatiana , Walker Rachael , Kairaitis Luke , Pugh Debbie 
Published: December 2014

SUMMARYBackgroundFor patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) who are progressing to end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD) a decision of whether to undertake dialysis or conservative care is a critical component of the patient journey. Shared decision making for complex decisions such as this could be enhanced by a decision aid, a practice which is well utilised in other disciplines but limited for nephrology.MethodsA multidisciplinary team in Australia and New Zealand (ANZ) utilised current decision‐making theory and best practice to develop the ‘My Kidneys, My Choice’, a decision aid for the treatment of kidney disease.ResultsA patient‐centred, five‐sectioned tool is now complete and freely available to all ANZ units to support the ESKD education and shared decision‐making process. Distribution and education have occurred across ANZ and evaluation of the decision aid in practice is in the first phase.ConclusionsDevelopment of a new tool such as an ESKD decision aid requires vision, multidisciplinary input and ongoing implementation resources. This tool is being integrated into ANZ, ESKD education practice and is promoting the philosophy of shared decision making.
Tablets compressed with gastric floating pellets coated with acrylic resin for gastro retention and sustained release of famotidine: in-vitro and in-vivo study
Authors: Qi Xiaole , Jiang Yingchun , Zhang Huiting , Wu Zhenghong 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of this study was to prepare a disintegrating gastric floating tablet composed of floating pellets coated with acrylic resin to prolong the gastric residence time and increase the oral bioavailability of famotidine.

Methods
The gastric floating pellets containing famotidine, stearyl alcohol and microcrystalline cellulose (1 : 10 : 1) were prepared by extrusion–spheronization process and coated with acrylic resin, then compressed into tablets with Avicel PH 301 pellets and cross-linked polyvinylpyrrolidone. The coating weight, volume ratio of Eudragit RL30 D and RS30 D and solid content of coating fluid were optimized by Box–Behnken design.

Key findings
In 0.1 M HCl, tablets can immediately disintegrate into pellets which can remain floating and sustained drug releasing over 12 h. The AUC0-∞ of famotidine gastric floating pellets (7776.52 ± 1065.93 h ng/ml) administered into rats was significantly higher than that of marketed rapid release tablets Xingfading® (Xingyi, Shanghai, China) (4166.23 ± 312.43 h ng/ml), while the relative bioavailability was 187.01 ± 22.81%.

Conclusions
The experimental results indicated that the optimized formulation did offer a new gastro retention and sustained release approach to enhance the oral absorption of famotidine.
The effect of organic anion transporter 3 inhibitor probenecid on bumetanide levels in the brain: an integrated in vivo microdialysis study in the rat
Authors: Donovan Maria D , O'Brien Fionn E , Boylan Geraldine B , Cryan John F , Griffin Brendan T 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

Objectives
Recent data highlight the potential of bumetanide as a treatment for neonatal seizures and autism, as it facilitates the excitatory to inhibitory switch in gamma-aminobutyric acid signalling. This study examines the extent of blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeation of bumetanide, a key determinant of the efficacy of centrally acting drugs. Furthermore, the impact of efflux transporter organic anion transporter 3 (oat3) inhibition on bumetanide pharmacokinetics was investigated.

Methods
Bumetanide levels in extracellular fluid (ECF) and plasma in the presence and absence of oat3 inhibitor probenecid were monitored using integrated microdialysis.

Key findings
Following a bumetanide bolus/continuous infusion of 10 mg/kg and 6 mg/kg/h, bumetanide was detected in hippocampal ECF at the estimated concentration of 131 ± 55 ng/ml. Plasma bumetanide levels were ∼20 mg/l at steady state. Coadministration of probenecid resulted in an increase in bumetanide levels in both ECF and plasma, indicating that oat3 inhibition influences the pharmacokinetics of bumetanide primarily in the periphery.

Conclusion
Although bumetanide reached detectable levels in hippocampal ECF, bumetanide concentration in ECF was low relative to systemic concentration. Oat3 inhibition by probenecid resulted in increased bumetanide concentrations in brain and plasma. As an acute treatment in neonatal seizures, the bumetanide/probenecid combination may hold therapeutic potential.
The role of density and relatedness in wild juvenile Atlantic salmon growth
Authors: Fernandes W. P. A. , Griffiths S. W. , Ibbotson A. T. , Bruford M. W. , Riley W. D. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractGrowth is a key life‐history trait in fish that is influenced by both abiotic (such as temperature and water chemistry) and biotic factors (such as density and food availability). Investigating how growth performance is influenced by such factors in the wild is important for understanding how population processes influence animals in natural environments and for predicting the response to conservation and management strategies that manipulate these conditions. The theory of kin selection predicts that significant growth and survival benefits are conferred upon animals associating with close relatives. However, resource competition may be more intense among close relatives, and little is known about the trade‐off between these two processes under different ecological conditions. Here, we examine the correlation between naturally occurring densities and kin‐biased growth rate using a species where kin recognition has a strong impact on behaviour in laboratory studies, but where, paradoxically, field investigations have failed to document predicted kin‐biased growth or survival. Intra‐ and inter‐family differences in growth rate of juvenile Atlantic salmon Salmo salar were studied to examine how relatedness (groups of full‐sibling fish and groups of mixed‐sibling fish) and sibling group (family/genotype) affect salmon parr growth, and the correlation of growth rate under a range of naturally occurring densities. Parentage and relatedness of neighbouring fish were assigned using microsatellite and passive integrated transponder tags, which allowed the growth estimation of individual fish. The results show that growth rate was significantly influenced by both sibling group (family of origin) and also by an interaction between relatedness and density. The latter finding indicates that at higher densities, full‐sibling groups achieved higher growth rates in comparison to mixed‐sibling groups. Thus, the growth benefits of associating with relatives are not conferred under all ecological conditions, but it becomes most apparent at high density when resource competition is greatest.
CRP‐dependent Positive Autoregulation and Proteolytic Degradation Regulate Competence Activator Sxy of Escherichia coli
Authors: Jaskólska Milena , Gerdes Kenn 
Published: December 2014

SummaryNatural competence, the ability of bacteria to take up exogenous DNA and incorporate it into their chromosomes, is in most bacteria a transient phenomenon under complex genetic and environmental control. In the Gram‐negative bacteria Haemophilus influenzae and Vibrio cholerae, the master regulator Sxy/TfoX controls competence development. Although not known to be naturally competent, Escherichia coli possesses a Sxy homologue and a competence regulon containing the genes required for DNA uptake. Here, we show that in contrast to other characterised Gamma‐proteobacteria, E. coli Sxy is positively autoregulated at the level of transcription by a mechanism that requires cAMP receptor protein (CRP), cyclic AMP (cAMP) and a CRP‐S site in the sxy promoter. Similarly, we found no evidence that Sxy expression in E. coli was regulated at the translational level. However, our analysis revealed that Sxy is an unstable protein and that its cellular level is negatively regulated at the post‐translational level via degradation by Lon protease. Interestingly, in the Gram‐positive model organism Bacillus subtilis, the competence master regulator ComK is also positively autoregulated at the level of transcription and negatively regulated by proteolysis. Together, these findings reveal striking similarities between the competence regulons of a Gram‐positive and a Gram‐negative bacterium.
Forms of Self‐Criticising/Attacking & Self‐Reassuring Scale: Psychometric properties and normative study
Authors: Baião Rita , Gilbert Paul , McEwan Kirsten , Carvalho Sérgio 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundThe Forms of Self‐Criticising/Attacking & Self‐Reassuring Scale (FSCRS, Gilbert, Clarke, Hempel, Miles, & Irons, 2004, Br. J. Clin. Psychology, 43, 31) is a self‐report instrument that measures self‐criticism and self‐reassurance. It has shown good reliability and has been used in several different studies and in a range of different populations. The aim of this study was to explore its psychometric proprieties in a large clinical and non‐clinical sample, to establish its reliability. In addition, to our knowledge, this is the first study to provide normative data to FSCRS. Differences in population scores will also be addressed.MethodData were collated from 12 different studies, resulting in 887 non‐clinical participants and 167 mixed diagnosis patients who completed the FSCRS.ResultsA confirmatory factor analysis shows that both in non‐clinical and clinical samples, the three‐factor model of FSCRS is a well‐adjusted measure for assessing the two forms of self‐criticism and a form of self‐reassurance. Normative data for the scale are presented. Comparing the two populations, the non‐clinical was more self‐reassuring and less self‐critical than the clinical one. Comparing genders, in the non‐clinical population men were more self‐reassuring and less self‐critical than women. No significant gender differences were found in the clinical population.ConclusionsTaken together, results corroborate previous findings about the link between self‐criticism and clinical population, which stresses the need to both assess and address it in therapy. Results also confirm that FSCRS is a robust and reliable instrument, which now can aid clinicians and researchers to have a better understanding of the results, taking into account the norms presented.Practitioner pointsPractical implications

The normative study of the FSCRS facilitates a better understanding of clinical and research results;

The paper accounts for large clinical and non‐clinical populations, which contribute to robust findings;

Cautions

Cultural and age differences should be carefully addressed;

Generalizations to different psychopathologies deserve attention, as the clinical population considered here derived mainly from depressed participants.
Genome‐wide analysis of gene expression profiles during early ear development of sweet corn under heat stress
Authors: Li Yuliang , Hu Jianguang , Liu Jianhua , Suo Haicui , Yu Yongtao , Han Fuguang 
Published: December 2014

AbstractHeat stress is one of the limiting factors for the production of sweet corn in southern China, influencing ear formation and reducing yield. Identification of relationships between heat responses and genetic regulatory mechanisms is of great significance to breeding for heat tolerance and production of summer planted sweet corn. In this study, DGE (digital gene expression) was used to investigate the global gene expression profiles for early ear development of the sweet corn cultivar ‘Yuetian 13’ under heat stress. Results indicated that, in the distribution of total clean tags, high‐expression tags with copy numbers larger than 100 were in absolute dominance, whereas low‐expression tags with copy numbers smaller than five occupy the majority of distinct tag distributions. Further functional annotation of differentially expressed genes showed that 17 893 genes could be categorized into three main groups. Of them, 13.7% were distributed in cell parts, intracellular, organelle, cytoplasm and membrane in cellular component category, 26.6% possessed catalytic, binding, hydrolase, and transferase and oxidoreductase activities in the molecular function category, and 59.7% were involved in metabolic processes, cellular processes, responses to stimuli, and transport and biological regulation in the biological process. A total of 949 significantly differential expression genes were detected, including 705 upregulated and 244 downregulated. Among them, 108 and 40 genes were upregulated and downregulated at least 10‐fold. Under heat stress, the genes related to maintenance of cell structure, photosynthesis, signal transduction, transcription factors and response to stress with higher expression levels in the ear might be valuable for understanding early kernel and ear development. Deep research on characterizing differentially expressed genes with unknown functions will lay the foundation for further identification of genetic regulatory mechanisms under heat stress.