bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptor 4 Signaling Potentially Modulates Malignant Behavior in Laryngeal Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Matayoshi Sen , Suzuki Mikio 
Published: September 2014

Objectives:The extacellular lipid mediators known as lysophosphatidic acids (LPAs) have been implicated in tumorigenesis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). LPAs activate G protein–coupled receptors not only in the endothelial differentiation gene (Edg) family (LPA1, LPA2, LPA3) but also in the phylogenetically distant non‐Edg family (LPA4, LPA5, LPA6). The distinct roles of these receptor isoforms in HNSCC tumorigenesis have not been clarified. In the present study, we investigated the effect of ectopic expression of LPA4 in SQ‐20B, a HNSCC cell line, expressing a trivial level of endogenous LPA4.Results:LPA (18:1) stimulated proliferation of SQ‐20B cells, but did not affect proliferation of HEp‐2, a SCC cell line expressing higher levels of LPA4, comparable to those of with LPA1. LPA‐stimulated proliferation of SQ‐20B cells was attenuated by Ki16425 and Rac1 inhibitor, but not by Y‐27632. Infection with doxycycline‐regulatable adenovirus vector expressing green fluorescent protein‐tagged LPA4 (AdvLPA4G) abolished LPA‐stimulated proliferation in SQ‐20B cells with the accumulation of G2/M‐phasic cells. Ectopic LPA4 induction further down‐regulated proliferation of Ki16425‐treated SQ‐20B cells, of which down‐regulation was partially recovered by LPA. Ectopic LPA4 induction also down‐regulated proliferation of Rac1 inhibitor‐treated SQ‐20B cells; however, LPA no longer recovered it. Finally, LPA‐induced cell motility was suppressed by ectopic LPA4 expression as well as by Ki16425, Rac1 inhibitor or Y‐27632.Conclusions:Our data suggest that LPA4 signaling potentially modulates malignant behaviors of SQ‐20B cells. LPA signaling, which is mediated by both Edg and non‐Edg receptors, may be a determinant of malignant behavior of HNSCC and could therefore be a promising therapeutic target.
Patient Factors Associated with the Development of Intubation Granulomas
Authors: Tibbetts Kathleen M. , Nicolli Elizabeth A. , Mirza Natasha , Tan Melin 
Published: September 2014

Objectives:While there is a well‐documented association between intubation and laryngeal granuloma development, not every intubation results in granulomas. We identify patient factors associated with the development of laryngeal granulomas after endotracheal intubation and analyze the efficacy of different treatment interventions on granuloma resolution.Methods:A retrospective review of the medical records of patients treated for laryngeal granulomas after endotracheal intubation at 2 tertiary care centers between 2005 and 2013 was performed. Medical comorbidities, peri‐intubation medications, and treatment modalities and outcomes were recorded. Fisher exact test was used to compare patients with laryngeal granulomas to matched control patients who did not develop granulomas after intubation. Efficacy of treatment modalities was also analyzed.Results:Twenty‐three patients with laryngeal granulomas after intubation were identified and compared with controls. There was a statistically significant association between the development of laryngeal granulomas and hypertension/cardiovascular disease, obesity, renal disease, and gastroesophageal reflux (P <. 05). Diabetes mellitus (P =. 137), tobacco use (P =. 253), alcohol consumption (P =. 304), peri‐intubation steroid administration (P =. 339), and antibiotic administration (P =. 187) were not statistically significant. Of the granuloma patients, 13 achieved remission after treatment. Remission was achieved with surgical excision in 69.2%, with or without intraoperative steroid injection (38.4% and 30.8%, respectively). Proton pump inhibitor therapy alone was successful in 23.1%, and 7.7% resolved with inhaled steroids alone.Conclusions:Patient comorbidities likely play a role in the development of laryngeal granulomas after endotracheal intubation, while peri‐intubation medications and tobacco/alcohol use do not appear to significantly impact development. Surgical excision was most effective in achieving remission.
Assessment of Ocular and Cervical Vestibular‐Evoked Myogenic Potentials in Cisptin‐Induced Otolith Toxicity in Guinea Pigs
Authors: Lo Wu C. , Cheng Po‐Wen 
Published: September 2014

Objectives:(1) Determine if cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMPs) and ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials oVEMPs are good electrophysiological examinations to represent the degree of cisplatin‐induced otolith toxicity. (2) Examine if D‐methionine (D‐met) pre‐injection protects the otolith organs against cisplatin‐induced changes of enzyme activities and oxidative status.Methods:Guinea pigs were intraperitoneally injected with sterile 0.9% saline alone, cisplatin (5 mg/kg) alone, D‐met (300 mg/kg) alone, or D‐met (300 mg/kg) 30 minutes before cisplatin (5 mg/kg) in combination, once daily for 7 consecutive days. Each animal was given the oVEMP and cVEMP tests before and after treatment. Changes in otolithic biochemistry, including membranous Na+, K+‐ATPase, and Ca2+‐ATPase, lipid peroxidation (LPO), and nitric oxide (NO), were also evaluated.Results:In the cisplatin‐treated guinea pigs, the mean amplitudes of cVEMP and oVEMP tests were significantly (P’s <. 05) decreased in comparison with the other 3 groups. In guinea pigs receiving both D‐met and cisplatin, their amplitudes of cVEMP and oVEMP tests were significantly larger (P <. 05) than those of the cisplatin group, but smaller (P <. 05) than those of the saline or D‐met group. In comparison with the other 3 groups, cisplatin alone group had the lowest (P <. 05) mean Na+, K+‐ATPase, and Ca2+‐ATPase, and the highest (P <. 05) LPO and NO levels.Conclusions:The cVEMP and oVEMP tests were feasible for the evaluation of cisplatin‐related otolith dysfunction. The D‐met–mediated improvement in otolith function correlated with a significant attenuation of increased oxidative stress and reduced ATPase activities.
Can Routine Office‐Based Audiometry Predict Cochlear Implant Evaluation Results?
Authors: Gartrell Brian C. , Ploch Jennifer L. , Gubbels Samuel P. 
Published: September 2014

Objectives:Determining cochlear implant candidacy status requires a specific sentence‐level testing paradigm in best‐aided conditions. Correlation of the findings on routine audiometry with those of formal cochlear implant (CI) evaluation has not been performed. Our objective was to determine if findings on routine office‐based audiometry could predict the results of a formal CI candidacy evaluation.Methods:The charts of all adult patients who were evaluated for CI candidacy at a tertiary care center from June 2008 through June 2013 were included. Routine, unaided audiologic measures (pure‐tone hearing thresholds and recorded monosyllabic word recognition test [MWRT] results) were then correlated with best‐aided sentence‐level word discrimination test (SWDT) results using either the Hearing in Noise Test (HINT) or AzBio sentences.Results:The degree of hearing loss at 250 to 4000 Hz significantly correlated with SWDT results. Additionally, 87% of patients who scored <30% in MWRT qualified for implantation using HINT sentences. Similarly, in patients whose MWRT scores were <35%, 81%, and 93% met CI candidacy criteria when using AZBio sentence testing in quiet and noise, respectively.Conclusions:Routine office‐based audiometry can be used to identify patients who would highly likely meet CI candidacy upon formal testing. For example, a pure tone threshold of ≥55 dB at 250 Hz and a MWRT score of ≤35% when evaluating using AzBio sentences collectively identifies a patient who is likely to meet candidacy criteria. Using these predictive patterns during routine audiometry may assist hearing health professionals in deciding when to refer patients for a formal CI evaluation.
Cholesteatoma in Children: An Overview
Authors: da Costa Sady S. , Rosito Leticia S. , Canali Inesangela , Jung Yuri P. , Jung Larissa P. , Freitas Luiza A. , Ronchi Andre D. 
Published: September 2014

Objectives:Describe in children: (1) cholesteatoma growth patterns; (2) conductive hearing loss severity; (3) contralateral ear (CLE) findings.Methods:Cross‐sectional study. Videotoscopies of 129 pediatric patients at a tertiary care hospital were analyzed for cholesteatoma growth patterns, air‐bone gap, and CLE otoscopic findings. Data were compared with the chi‐squared test and analyzed using SPSS.Results:The mean patient age was 12.4 ± 4.36 years. The cholesteatoma growth patterns were anterior epitympanic cholesteatomas (5.4%), posterior epitympanic (21.7%), posterior mesotympanic (43.4%), 2 routes pattern (17.1%), and undetermined (12.4%). The pure tone average air‐bone gap (PTA‐ABG) was ≤20 dB in 8.7% of patients, between 20 to 40 dB in 43.4% of patients, and ≥40 dB in 47.9%. The CLE was normal in 34.9% of patients and had moderate or severe tympanic membrane (TM) retractions in 46.5%, TM perforation in 7.8%, and cholesteatoma in 10.9% of patients. The CLE disease prevalence was similar between the groups, except in anterior epitympanic group, which had normal CLE (P =. 004).Conclusions:Posterior mesotympanic cholesteatomas were the most prevalent in the study population. Most patients had a PTA‐ABG greater than 20 dB, and the most prevalent CLE abnormalities were moderate or severe TM retraction and cholesteatoma. The CLE of patients diagnosed with anterior epitympanic cholesteatoma were normal, suggesting a probable congenital origin.
Cochlear Implant in Children with Otitis Media
Authors: Al Ahmari Mohammed S. , Aljabr Ibrahim K. , Hagr Abdulrahman A. 
Published: September 2014

Objectives:Otitis media comes with the need for cochlear implantation. These conditions contributing complications generated our interest in describing surgical difficulties and complications of cochlear implantation in children with otitis media, as well as estimating the period of time needed to implant those children.Methods:Retrospective study of the data collected from records of patients receiving cochlear implantation. A total of 200 cochlear implant surgeries were performed in King Abdul‐Aziz University Hospital from January 2012 to December 2012. Thirty‐two patients had otitis media disease. For all patients’ complications, operative time, and duration from presentation to implantation were documented. Exclusion criteria were age 18 years or more, revision surgeries, patients that had auditory brain stem implant at the same time, and patients with incomplete data.Results:The complications were wound infection in one case and one case that developed hematoma. Both were treated conservatively and the last one was incomplete insertion. However, all belonged to the nonotitis media group. The operative time was longer in the otitis media group with a difference of 35 minutes (P value =. 001). Delay in implantation showed no significant difference between the 2 groups.Conclusions:Pediatric patients with otitis media can be implanted safely and effectively.
Comparison of Outcomes of Myringoplasty with Cartilage Palisades and Temporalis Fascia in Large Perforations
Authors: Arun K. C. , Shakya Dipesh 
Published: September 2014

Objectives:Compare graft uptake rate and postoperative hearing results of myringoplasty using cartilage palisades and temporalis fascia in large perforations.Methods:Prospective, longitudinal, randomized controlled trial from December 2010 to December 2012. at the Ganesh Man Singh Memorial Academy of ENT‐Head and Neck Studies, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal. Patients were above 13 years of age with chronic otitis media‐mucosal (tubotympanic) with >50% perforation of tympanic membrane. Sixty‐one cases included for myringoplasty were randomly divided into 2 groups, cartilage palisades and temporalis fascia, by lottery. There were 30 cases in cartilage palisades group and 31 cases in temporalis fascia group. Patients underwent myringoplasty using either cartilage palisades or temporalis fascia. Graft uptake rate and postoperative hearing were evaluated after 12 weeks. Fisher exact test and t test were used as statistical tools.Results:Graft uptake rate in the cartilage palisades group was 86.66% and 90.32% in the temporalis fascia group, with no significant difference (P =. 707) between the 2 groups. The mean pre‐ and postoperative air bone gaps in the cartilage palisades group were 29.26 dB ± 10.66 and 20.41 dB ± 10.54, respectively. Similarly, in the temporalis fascia group, these were 29.52 ± 11.12 dB and 17.93 ± 8.83 dB, respectively. There was no statistical significance in hearing improvements between the 2 groups (P =. 384).Conclusions:The graft uptake rate and hearing results of myringoplasty with cartilage palisades are comparable to those of temporalis fascia in large perforations.
Congenital Hearing Loss and Internal Auditory Canal Anomalies: Imaging Findings and Implications for Management
Authors: Somerville Jessica M. , MacDonald Charles B. 
Published: September 2014

Objectives:Approximately 20% of patients with congenital sensorineural hearing loss are found to have a radiologically proven inner ear anomaly. Of the inner ear abnormalities, duplication of the internal auditory canal is rare. We sought to describe clinical characteristics and treatment results of patients found to have duplicated internal auditory canal on imaging.Methods:This case series identified patients from over a 2 year period obtained in a random manner from teaching files and daily case material. Imaging findings, clinical characteristics, audiology testing and treatment were reviewed.Results:A total of 7 patients were identified with a total of 12 ears (2 patients had unilateral presentation). Three patients in this series had a history of branchio‐oto‐renal syndrome. All patients had high‐resolution computerized tomography (CT) performed. Two patients had magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) performed. All patients had audiogram evaluation. Six patients had sensorineural hearing loss, and one patient had conductive hearing loss. As hearing loss became more severe as documented by decibels of hearing loss on audiogram, increasing number of middle and inner ear anomalies were found on imaging.Conclusions:This series is one of the largest series to evaluate duplicated internal auditory canal in conjunction with cochlear anomalies. MRI is a useful adjunct to evaluate presence of the cochlear nerve and should be considered in patients undergoing cochlear implantation with findings of duplicated internal auditory canal on CT scan. More severe hearing loss may be indicative of potential for more anomalies found on imaging.
Differences in Acufenometry and Tinnitus Annoyance among Patients with Presbycusis and Ménière's Disease
Authors: Dalligna Celso , Dalligna Daniela P. , Freitas Luiza A. , Jorge Karolina B. , Beduschi Giuliana , Pappen Carlos H. 
Published: September 2014

Objectives:Analyze the difference in acufenometry between patients with presbycusis and Ménière's disease and correlate the findings with the annoyance caused by tinnitus.Methods:This cross‐sectional study included 59 patients with unilateral tinnitus treated at a tertiary hospital. Out of these patients, 38 had presbycusis and 21 had Ménière's disease. Acufenometry was performed to determine the pitch and loudness of tinnitus in the 2 groups. The tinnitus handicap inventory (THI) and visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to evaluate the annoyance caused due to tinnitus. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS and the Student t test.Results:The mean age of the patients with Ménière's disease and presbycusis was 56.05 ± 8.73 years and 67.74 ± 8.73 years, respectively (P <. 0001). Similar tinnitus pitch was observed in patients with Ménière's disease and those with presbycusis (2119 ± 2000 Hz vs 3092 ± 2203 Hz; P =. 09); however, the loudness varied between the groups (61.19 ± 17.2 dB vs 42.17 ± 19.8 dB; P =. 001). The THI and VAS score were similar between the two groups (P =. 33 vs P =. 66).Conclusions:Although tinnitus was louder in patients with Ménière's disease than in those with presbycusis, the tinnitus pitch and its impact on patient quality of life was similar in both groups.
Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Otic Progenitor‐like Cells
Authors: Perez Raffo Gabriela M. , Cardozo Alejandra J. , Boccio Carlos M. 
Published: September 2014

Objectives:Differentiate mesenchymal stem cells to otic progenitor‐like cells.Methods:We isolated and cultured the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of 3 samples of human adipose tissue. We differentiated human adipose stem cells (hASCs) to otic lineage, using a differentiation medium containing DMEM HG, F12, N2, B27 and different growth factors like FGF3, FGF10, EGF, and IGF‐1. The differentiated cells were fixed and RNA extracted at day 10 and 38 to analyze the expression of otic progenitor, neuronal or inner ear hair cell markers.Results:After 10 days of differentiation we detected otic placode markers expression: Pax2 (90.9 ± 0.16%), Pax8 (44.2 ± 0.03%), and BMP7 (86.4 ± 0.24%). Brn3.c (24.2 ± 0.05%), MyoVIIa (10.8 ± 0.05%), and BIII tubulin (28.8 ± 0.37%) were also detected, consistent with the presence of progenitors of sensorineural and inner ear hair cells. At day 38, an increase of inner ear hair cell markers (33.2 ± 0.04% MyoVIIa, 33.9 ± 0.3% Brn3.c and 14.3% Math1), a decreased of otic progenitor markers (46.2% Pax2 and 15.9% Pax8) and absence of neural markers were seen. The same pattern was seen at mRNA level.Conclusions:Even though these results are preliminary and a protocol improvement is necessary, this work demonstrates the ability of hASCs to differentiate into otic lineage, opening a door to a future therapeutic option for sensorineural hearing loss.
A Dual Role of Sox2 on Atoh1 Regulation
Authors: Cheng Yenfu , Petrillo Marco , Edge Albert S. 
Published: September 2014

Objectives:Loss of mammalian auditory hair cells is usually permanent, and there is currently no method to recover hearing after hair cell damage. Atoh1, a basic helix‐loop‐helix transcription factor, plays a critical role in formation of hair cells. Experiments overexpressing Atoh1 in the inner ear via gene transfer have shown new hair cell formation and improved hearing in tested animals. However, we do not currently know how cells regulate Atoh1. We found that Sox2, a pluripotency marker for stem cells and also present in inner ear stem cells, is involved in the regulation of Atoh1. In this study, we try to understand the role of Sox2 in the regulation of Atoh1 for hair cell formation.Methods:A 293T cell line that stably expresses Atoh1 was developed for Atoh1 expression assays. Atoh1 level was measured by real time qPCR and western blot. Mass spectrometry was used to identify Atoh1 protein partners. Plasmids transfection was used for gain‐of‐function studies, while small interfering RNA was used for loss‐of‐function studies.Results:We found that Sox2 upregulates Atoh1 at the transcriptional level but also enhances Atoh1 degradation post‐translationally. We found that Sox2 is involved in the major post‐translational regulation, the ubiquitin‐proteasomal pathway, which is the control mechanism through which Sox2 regulates specification of hair cells.Conclusions:Sox2 has dual role on Atoh1 regulation: upregulation of Atoh1 transcription by binding to Atoh1 3′enhancer, and post‐translational Atoh1 degradation through activating ubiquitin‐proteasome pathway.
Effect of Intratympanic Steroid Administration on Sensorineural Hearing Loss Associated with Acute Otitis Media
Authors: Heywood Rebecca , Ifeacho Sonna , Narula Antony A.P. 
Published: September 2014

Objectives:Sensorineural hearing loss associated with acute otitis media (acute infective sensorineural hearing loss [AISNHL]) is a well‐recognized but rare phenomenon with no accepted treatment pathway. Our objectives were to (1) evaluate the effects of intratympanic steroid (ITS) administration on AISNHL and (2) analyze factors which may be associated with a favorable outcome following ITS.Methods:A retrospective case note review of 7 consecutive patients (5 men, 2 women) seen between November 2006 and October 2013 and diagnosed with AISNHL was performed. Patients were prescribed 7 days of oral antibiotics and prednisolone and offered ITS thereafter if there was no improvement. Up to 3 intratympanic injections of methylprednisolone (40 mg/mL) were administered.Results:Patients were considered to have a significant improvement in their hearing if average change in threshold was equal to or greater than 10 dB following ITS. This was the case in 57% (4/7) of patients. The mean improvement in threshold was 24 dB (range 10‐52 dB) in these responders. Three‐fourths of responders had a mild high frequency hearing loss. Responders had a smaller sensorineural loss at presentation (responders mean 39 dB pre‐ITS,15 dB post‐ITS; nonresponders mean 65 dB pre‐ITS, 83 dB post‐ITS), presented earlier (4 days, range 3‐6 days versus 12 days, range 2‐21 days) and received their first ITS earlier (24 days, range 13‐37 days versus 35 days, range 24‐42 days) than nonresponders.Conclusions:ITS may provide a valuable contribution to the treatment of SNHL in acute otitis media. A larger study looking at timing of intratympanic administration after antibiotics and/or oral steroid treatment would be beneficial.
Epitympanic Area and Volume in Human Temporal Bones with and without Chronic Otitis Media
Authors: Shirai Kyoko , Schachern Patricia A. , Schachern Monika G. , Paparella Michael M. , Suzuki Mamoru , Cureoglu Sebahattin 
Published: September 2014

Objectives:(1) Investigate the difference in epitympanic bony volume and size of tympanic isthmus (TI) between human temporal bones (HTBs) with and without chronic otitis media (COM). (2) Investigate the relationship between TI size and epitympanic bony volume in HTBs with and without COM.Methods:Eleven HTBs from children with COM (COM group) and 11 HTBs without COM (control group) were examined. Three‐dimensional models were generated from HTB histopathologic slides with reconstruction software (Amira), and epitympanic bony volumes were measured. Within the boundaries of TI, only the aerated space, excluding exudates and soft tissues, were measured as aerated TI, and all space surrounded by the boundaries including exudates and soft tissues were measured as the bony TI. We chose the minimum aerated/bony TI area from all slides and compared them between the 2 groups. We also investigated the correlation between bony epitympanic volume and minimum aerated/ bony TI area in each group.Results:There were no significant differences in epitympanic bony volume or bony TI area between the groups. Aerated TI area in the COM group was significantly smaller than in control group (P <. 01). There was no relationship between aerated TI area and bony epitympanic volume in the 2 groups. In the COM group, there was a negative correlation between bony TI area and epitympanic volume (P <. 001).Conclusions:Our study suggests that congenital or developmental stenosis of the TI is not associated with epitympanic pathology, but blockage of TI with soft tissue pathology is.