bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post‐hatchling cranial ontogeny in the Early Triassic diapsid reptile Proterosuchus fergusi
Authors: Ezcurra Martín D. , Butler Richard J. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe phylogenetic position of Proterosuchus fergusi (Lower Triassic of South Africa) as one of the most basal archosauriforms means that it is critically important for understanding the successful evolutionary radiation of archosaurs during the Mesozoic. The excellent sample of the species provides a unique opportunity to understand early archosauriform ontogeny. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of cranial ontogenetic variation were conducted on an ontogenetic sequence, in which the smallest individual is 37% of the size of the largest one and osteohistological evidence suggests that four of 11 collected specimens had not reached sexual maturity. Through ontogeny the skull of Proterosuchus became proportionally taller, the infratemporal fenestra larger, and the teeth more isodont and numerous but with smaller crowns. The sequence of somatic maturity supports relatively high growth rates during early ontogeny. The skull of juvenile specimens of Proterosuchus closely resembles adults of the basal archosauromorph Prolacerta, whereas adult specimens resemble adults of more derived archosauriforms. As a result, a plausible hypothesis is that ontogenetic modification events (e.g. heterochrony) may have been key drivers of the evolution of the general shape of the skull at the base of Archosauriformes. These changes may have contributed to the occupation of a new morphospace by the clade around the Permo‐Triassic boundary.
Impure Agency and the Just War
Authors: Kellison Rosemary B. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractFeminist critiques of intention challenge some aspects of traditional just war reasoning, including the criteria of right intention and discrimination (particularly as interpreted using the doctrine of double effect). I take note of these challenges and propose some directions just war reasoners might take in response. First, right intention can be evaluated more accurately by judging what actors in war actually do than by attempting to uncover inward dispositions. Assessing whether agents in war have taken due care to minimize foreseeable collateral damage, avoided intentional targeting of noncombatants, corrected previous mistakes in their later actions, and taken responsibility to repair unintended damage they cause are examples of ways in which just war reasoners can evaluate intention by looking at actions.
Determinants of the Annual Duration of Sickness Presenteeism: Empirical Evidence from European Data
Authors: Arnold Daniel 
Published: April 2015

AbstractSickness presenteeism, i.e. going to work while sick, can cause substantial productivity losses. Focusing on work‐related characteristics, we investigate the determinants of the annual duration of sickness presenteeism using representative European cross‐sectional data. We find work autonomy, workload, tenure, and the work environment to be the quantitatively most relevant determinants of sickness presenteeism days. Work autonomy (control over one's work, being supervisor), workload (weekly working hours, time pressure), and tenure are positively related to the number of sickness presenteeism days. In contrast, a good work environment (good working conditions and social support) comes along with fewer presenteeism days.
Integration of Random Forest with population‐based outlier analyses provides insight on the genomic basis and evolution of run timing in Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)
Authors: Brieuc Marine S. O. , Ono Kotaro , Drinan Daniel P. , Naish Kerry A. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAnadromous Chinook salmon populations vary in the period of river entry at the initiation of adult freshwater migration, facilitating optimal arrival at natal spawning. Run timing is a polygenic trait that shows evidence of rapid parallel evolution in some lineages, signifying a key role for this phenotype in the ecological divergence between populations. Studying the genetic basis of local adaptation in quantitative traits is often impractical in wild populations. Therefore, we used a novel approach, Random Forest, to detect markers linked to run timing across 14 populations from contrasting environments in the Columbia River and Puget Sound, USA. The approach permits detection of loci of small effect on the phenotype. Divergence between populations at these loci was then examined using both principle component analysis and FST outlier analyses, to determine whether shared genetic changes resulted in similar phenotypes across different lineages. Sequencing of 9107 RAD markers in 414 individuals identified 33 predictor loci explaining 79.2% of trait variance. Discriminant analysis of principal components of the predictors revealed both shared and unique evolutionary pathways in the trait across different lineages, characterized by minor allele frequency changes. However, genome mapping of predictor loci also identified positional overlap with two genomic outlier regions, consistent with selection on loci of large effect. Therefore, the results suggest selective sweeps on few loci and minor changes in loci that were detected by this study. Use of a polygenic framework has provided initial insight into how divergence in a trait has occurred in the wild.
Bacterial symbiont sharing in Megalomyrmex social parasites and their fungus‐growing ant hosts
Authors: Liberti Joanito , Sapountzis Panagiotis , Hansen Lars H. , Sørensen Søren J. , Adams Rachelle M. M. , Boomsma Jacobus J. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBacterial symbionts are important fitness determinants of insects. Some hosts have independently acquired taxonomically related microbes to meet similar challenges, but whether distantly related hosts that live in tight symbiosis can maintain similar microbial communities has not been investigated. Varying degrees of nest sharing between Megalomyrmex social parasites (Solenopsidini) and their fungus‐growing ant hosts (Attini) from the genera Cyphomyrmex, Trachymyrmex and Sericomyrmex allowed us to address this question, as both ant lineages rely on the same fungal diet, interact in varying intensities and are distantly related. We used tag‐encoded FLX 454 pyrosequencing and diagnostic PCR to map bacterial symbiont diversity across the Megalomyrmex phylogenetic tree, which also contains free‐living generalist predators. We show that social parasites and hosts share a subset of bacterial symbionts, primarily consisting of Entomoplasmatales, Bartonellaceae, Acinetobacter, Wolbachia and Pseudonocardia and that Entomoplasmatales and Bartonellaceae can co‐infect specifically associated combinations of hosts and social parasites with identical 16S rRNA genotypes. We reconstructed in more detail the population‐level infection dynamics for Entomoplasmatales and Bartonellaceae in Megalomyrmex symmetochus guest ants and their Sericomyrmex amabilis hosts. We further assessed the stability of the bacterial communities through a diet manipulation experiment and evaluated possible transmission modes in shared nests such as consumption of the same fungus garden food, eating of host brood by social parasites, trophallaxis and grooming interactions between the ants, or parallel acquisition from the same nest environment. Our results imply that cohabiting ant social parasites and hosts may obtain functional benefits from bacterial symbiont transfer even when they are not closely related.
Predicting Participation in a Victim–Offender Conference
Authors: Paul Gregory D. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAccording to restorative justice practitioners, participating in a victim–offender conference (VOC) can lead to a number of positive consequences for the parties. For victims in particular, participating in a VOC ostensibly provides a way to talk directly with the offender about the harm done, hold the person accountable, and achieve restoration. Lacking, however, is an understanding of what motivates victim participation. This study investigates how the desire to obtain offender‐related outcome goals, victim‐related outcome goals, process goals, and information goals influence individuals’ willingness to participate in a VOC. The study tested a hypothesized model of VOC participation to understand how goals influenced each other and willingness to participate in a VOC. Several factors, reflecting a helping motivation overall, shaped willingness to participate in a VOC. The manuscript concludes with a discussion of implications for restorative justice researchers and practitioners.
Writing difference differently
Authors: Fisher Karen , Williams Miriam , FitzHerbert Stephen , Instone Lesley , Duffy Michelle , Wright Sarah , Suchet‐Pearson Sandie , Lloyd Kate , Burarrwanga Laklak , Ganambarr Ritjilili , Ganambarr‐Stubbs Merrkiyawuy , Ganambarr Banbapuy , Maymuru Djawundil , Country Bawaka 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis paper investigates the writing of situated knowledge and explores the possibilities of enacting difference by writing differently. We present a selection of research stories in which carrier bags, sounds, baskets, gardens and potatoes are interpreted less as objects of research or metaphors to aid in analysing phenomena, than as mediators of the stories. Our stories emphasise the ontological politics of engaging with and representing the relational, the messy, the spontaneous, the unpredictable, the non‐human and bodily experiences. These stories demonstrate how writing is performative and how it is integral to the production of knowledge.
Synthesis of oleyl oleate wax esters in Arabidopsis thaliana and Camelina sativa seed oil
Authors: Iven Tim , Hornung Ellen , Heilmann Mareike , Feussner Ivo 
Published: April 2015

SummarySeed oil composed of wax esters with long‐chain monoenoic acyl moieties represents a high‐value commodity for industry. Such plant‐derived sperm oil‐like liquid wax esters are biodegradable and can have excellent properties for lubrication. In addition, wax ester oil may represent a superior substrate for biodiesel production. In this study, we demonstrate that the low‐input oil seed crop Camelina sativa can serve as a biotechnological platform for environmentally benign wax ester production. Two biosynthetic steps catalysed by a fatty alcohol‐forming acyl‐CoA reductase (FAR) and a wax ester synthase (WS) are sufficient to achieve wax ester accumulation from acyl‐CoA substrates. To produce plant‐derived sperm oil‐like liquid wax esters, the WS from Mus musculus (MmWS) or Simmondsia chinensis (ScWS) were expressed in combination with the FAR from Mus musculus (MmFAR1) or Marinobacter aquaeolei (MaFAR) in seeds of Arabidopsis thaliana and Camelina sativa. The three analysed enzyme combinations Oleo3:mCherry:MmFAR1∆c/Oleo3:EYFP:MmWS, Oleo3:mCherry:MmFAR1∆c/ScWS and MaFAR/ScWS showed differences in the wax ester molecular species profiles and overall biosynthetic performance. By expressing MaFAR/ScWS in Arabidopsis or Camelina up to 59% or 21% of the seed oil TAGs were replaced by wax esters, respectively. This combination also yielded wax ester molecular species with highest content of monounsaturated acyl moieties. Expression of the enzyme combinations in the Arabidopsis fae1 fad2 mutant background high in oleic acid resulted in wax ester accumulation enriched in oleyl oleate (18:1/18:1 > 60%), suggesting that similar values may be obtained with a Camelina high oleic acid line.
Constitutive expression of the Poplar FD‐like basic leucine zipper transcription factor alters growth and bud development
Authors: Parmentier‐Line Cécile M. , Coleman Gary D. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryIn poplar, the CO/FT regulatory module mediates seasonal growth cessation. Although FT interacts with the basic leucine zipper transcription factor FD, surprisingly little is known about the possible role of FD in bud development and growth cessation in trees. In this study, we examined the expression and localization of the poplar FD homolog, PtFD1, during short‐day (SD)‐induced bud development, and the consequences of overexpressing PtFD1 on bud development and shoot growth. PtFD1 was primarily expressed in apical and axillary buds and exhibited a transient increase in expression during the initial stages of SD‐induced bud development. This transient increase declined with continued SD treatment. When PtFD1 was overexpressed in poplar, SD‐induced growth cessation and bud formation were abolished. PTFD1 overexpression also resulted in precocious flowering of juvenile plants in long‐day (LD) photoperiods. Because the phenotypes associated with overexpression of PtFD1 are similar to those observe when poplar FT1 is overexpressed (Science, 312, 2006, 1040), the expression and diurnal patterns of expression of both poplar FT1 and FT2 were characterized in PtFD1 overexpression poplars and found to be altered. DNA microarray analysis revealed few differences in gene expression between PtFD1 overexpressing poplars in LD conditions while extensive levels of differential gene expression occur in SD‐treated plants. These results enforce the connection between the regulation of flowering and the regulation of growth cessation and bud development in poplar.
A ‘Gigantic Struggle Between Believers and Those Without God’? Catholicism in the Spanish Second Republic, 1931–1939
Authors: Ryan Richard 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn Spain today, the place of the Catholic Church and the role of the Catholic faith under the Spanish Second Republic (1931–1939) remain one of the most bitterly contested aspects in recent history and memory. Behind that confrontation is the Catholic Church hierarchy's continued support for a narrative of ‘good versus evil,’ carried over from the 1930s and portraying the Church as a passive and helpless victim of Republican persecution. But as this article shows, far from a confrontation between ‘good and evil’, the Republic was an arena of social change in which debates around religion and the place of the Church became the lens through which larger political, social, and cultural clashes played out. It suggests that historians must begin to pay much more attention to the reality experienced by many Catholics during the 1930s in order to fully understand the complexities of the Second Republic in peacetime and civil war.
Social Psychological Processes that Facilitate Sexual Assault within the Fraternity Party Subculture
Authors: Boyle Kaitlin M. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractRape on the college campus has gained increasing amounts of attention in higher education, mainstream news, and public policy. The prevalence rates of rape are especially high among students who frequent campus parties, such as those hosted by fraternities. Researchers have described this increased risk by focusing on individual attitudes and behaviors of fraternity members or on the organizational norms and practices within the fraternity party subculture. To incorporate these studies into a single theoretical framework, this essay uses a social psychological approach to connect individual‐level attitudes, (sub)culture, and behavior. I describe and apply identity theory and affect control theory, two structural symbolic interactionist theories, to explain why certain men are drawn to high‐risk fraternities and how membership reinforces hostility toward and abuse of women. In doing so, I suggest several avenues for future research that would increase social psychological understanding of the heightened prevalence of sexual victimization within the fraternity party subculture.
Vulnerability and Resilience: Two Dimensions of Rurality
Authors: Freshwater David 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe idea of resilience seems to be replacing sustainability as a defining concept for rural development. And, like sustainability, resilience is a vague concept that has many definitions and implications. It captures the idea that rural regions are exposed to shocks that require a mix of efforts both to mitigate their impact and incidence, and to adapt to a new environment after a shock event. In this respect resilience has much in common with the concept of risk management, which is pervasive in economics. In the article concepts from risk management are linked to four categories of risk to demonstrate that the type of risk can suggest specific ways to think about resilience strategies. Because rural regions are inherently exposed to high levels of risk, and have significant constraints on their ability to mitigate it, developing a way to achieve greater resilience is both crucial and difficult. This suggests that many rural regions may remain vulnerable, despite efforts to mitigate risk and buffer its impacts.
Mass Deportations and the Future of Latino Partisanship
Authors: Street Alex , Zepeda‐Millán Chris , Jones‐Correa Michael 
Published: April 2015

ObjectiveThe U.S. government continues to deport large numbers of undocumented Latino immigrants. We address the likely effects of these policies on Latino partisanship.MethodsWe use a survey experiment to test the effects of information about mass deportations on partisan evaluations among young second‐generation Latinos.ResultsYoung U.S.‐born Latinos view the Democratic Party as less welcoming when informed that deportations have been higher under President Obama than under his predecessor. Because most young U.S.‐born Latinos are either weak partisans or political independents, there is wide scope for information effects among these potential voters.ConclusionMass deportation policies have the potential to reshape the partisanship and politics of Latinos for years to come.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Clostridium
sp. Ne2, Clostridia from an Enrichment Culture Obtained from Australian Subterranean Termite,
Nasutitermes exitiosus
Authors: Wang Han , Lin Hai , Tran-Dinh Nai , Li Dongmei , Greenfield Paul , Midgley David J. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT

The draft genome sequence of
Clostridium
sp. Ne2 was reconstructed from a metagenome of a hydrogenogenic microbial consortium. The organism is most closely related to
Clostridium magnum
and is a strict anaerobe that is predicted to ferment a range of simple sugars.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Pseudoalteromonas
sp. Strain ECSMB14103, Isolated from the East China Sea
Authors: Guo Xing-Pan , Ding De-Wen , Bao Wei-Yang , Yang Jin-Long 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT

Pseudoalteromonas
sp. strain ECSMB14103 was isolated from marine biofilms formed on the East China Sea. The draft genome sequence comprises 4.11 Mp with a G+C content of 39.7%. The information from the draft genome will contribute to an understanding of bacteria-animal interaction.
Complete Genome Sequencing of Protease-Producing Novel
Arthrobacter
sp. Strain IHBB 11108 Using PacBio Single-Molecule Real-Time Sequencing Technology
Authors: Kiran Shashi , Swarnkar Mohit K. , Pal Mohinder , Thakur Rishu , Tewari Rupinder , Singh Anil Kumar , Gulati Arvind 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT

A previously uncharacterized species of the genus
Arthrobacter
, strain IHBB 11108 (MCC 2780), is a Gram-positive, strictly aerobic, nonmotile, cold-adapted, and protease-producing alkaliphilic actinobacterium, isolated from shallow undersurface water from Chandra Tal Lake, Lahaul-Spiti, India. The complete genome of the strain is 3.6 Mb in size with an average 58.97% G+C content.
Complete Genome Sequence of Fish Pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila AL06-06
Authors: Tekedar Hasan C. , Karsi Attila , Akgul Ali , Kalindamar Safak , Waldbieser Geoffrey C. , Sonstegard Tad , Schroeder Steven G. , Lawrence Mark L. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT

Aeromonas hydrophila
occurs in freshwater environments and infects fish and mammals. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of
Aeromonas hydrophila
AL06-06, which was isolated from diseased goldfish and is being used for comparative genomic studies with
A. hydrophila
strains that cause bacterial septicemia in channel catfish aquaculture.
Draft Genome Sequence of a Novel Culturable Marine Chroococcalean Cyanobacterium from the South Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Rigonato Janaina , Alvarenga Danillo O. , Branco Luis H. Z. , Varani Alessandro M. , Brandini Frederico P. , Fiore Marli F. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT
The novel chroococcalean cyanobacterium strain CENA595 was isolated from the deep chlorophyll maximum layer of the continental shelf of the South Atlantic Ocean. Here, we report the draft genome sequence for this strain, consisting of 60 contigs containing a total of 5,265,703 bp and 3,276 putative protein-coding genes.
Three distinct mechanisms predominate in non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injuries in male professional football players: a systematic video analysis of 39 cases
Authors: Waldén Markus , Krosshaug Tron , Bjørneboe John , Andersen Thor Einar , Faul Oliver , Hägglund Martin 
Published: April 2015

BackgroundCurrent knowledge on anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury mechanisms in male football players is limited.AimTo describe ACL injury mechanisms in male professional football players using systematic video analysis.MethodsWe assessed videos from 39 complete ACL tears recorded via prospective professional football injury surveillance between 2001 and 2011. Five analysts independently reviewed all videos to estimate the time of initial foot contact with the ground and the time of ACL tear. We then analysed all videos according to a structured format describing the injury circumstances and lower limb joint biomechanics.ResultsTwenty-five injuries were non-contact, eight indirect contact and six direct contact injuries. We identified three main categories of non-contact and indirect contact injury situations: (1) pressing (n=11), (2) re-gaining balance after kicking (n=5) and (3) landing after heading (n=5). The fourth main injury situation was direct contact with the injured leg or knee (n=6). Knee valgus was frequently seen in the main categories of non-contact and indirect contact playing situations (n=11), but a dynamic valgus collapse was infrequent (n=3). This was in contrast to the tackling-induced direct contact situations where a knee valgus collapse occurred in all cases (n=3).ConclusionsEighty-five per cent of the ACL injuries in male professional football players resulted from non-contact or indirect contact mechanisms. The most common playing situation leading to injury was pressing followed by kicking and heading. Knee valgus was frequently seen regardless of the playing situation, but a dynamic valgus collapse was rare.