bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic accuracy study of a factor VIII ELISA for detection of factor VIII antibodies in congenital and acquired haemophilia A
Authors: Batty Paul , Moore Gary , Platton Sean , Maloney James , Palmer Ben , Bowles Louise , Pasi John , Rangarajan Savita , Hart Daniel 
Published: June 2015

SummaryAntibody formation to factor VIII (FVIII) remains the greatest clinical and diagnostic challenge to the haemophilia-treating physician. Current guidance for testing for inhibitory FVIII antibodies (inhibitors) recommends the functional Nijmegen-Bethesda assay (NBA). A FVIII ELISA offers a complementary, immunological approach for FVIII antibody testing. It was the aim of this study to retrospectively evaluate the performance of a FVIII ELISA (index) for detection of FVIII antibodies, compared with the NBA (reference). All samples sent for routine FVIII antibody testing at two haemophilia Comprehensive Care Centres, were tested in parallel using the NBA and a solid-phase, indirect FVIII ELISA kit (Immucor). A total of 497 samples from 239 patients (severe haemophilia A=140, non-severe haemophilia A=85, acquired haemophilia A=14) were available for analysis. Sixty-THree samples tested positive by the NBA (prevalence 12.7 %, 95 % confidence interval [CI], 9.9–15.9 %), with a median inhibitor titre of 1.2 BU/ml (range 0.7–978.0). The FVIII ELISA demonstrated a specificity of 94.0 % (95 %CI, 91.3–96.0), sensitivity of 77.8 % (95 %CI, 65.5–87.3), negative predictive value of 96.7 % (95 %CI, 94.5–98.2), positive predictive value 65.3 % (95 %CI, 53.5–76.0), negative likelihood ratio 0.2 (95 %CI, 0.1–0.4), positive likelihood ratio 13.0 (95 %CI, 8.7–19.3) and a diagnostic odds ratio of 54.9 (95 %CI, 27.0–112.0). Strong positive correlation (r=0.77, p< 0.001) was seen between the results of the NBA (log adjusted) and FVIII ELISA optical density. In conclusion, FVIII ELISA offers a simple, specific, surveillance method enabling batch testing of non-urgent samples for the presence of FVIII antibodies.
Processes Controlling Tropical Tropopause Temperature and Stratospheric Water Vapor in Climate Models
Authors: Hardiman Steven C. , Boutle Ian A. , Bushell Andrew C. , Butchart Neal , Cullen Mike J. P. , Field Paul R. , Furtado Kalli , Manners James C. , Milton Sean F. , Morcrette Cyril , O’Connor Fiona M. , Shipway Ben J. , Smith Chris , Walters David N. , Willett Martin R. , Williams Keith D. , Wood Nigel , Abraham N. Luke , Keeble James , Maycock Amanda C. , Thuburn John , Woodhouse Matthew T. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
A warm bias in tropical tropopause temperature is found in the Met Office Unified Model (MetUM), in common with most models from phase 5 of CMIP (CMIP5). Key dynamical, microphysical, and radiative processes influencing the tropical tropopause temperature and lower-stratospheric water vapor concentrations in climate models are investigated using the MetUM. A series of sensitivity experiments are run to separate the effects of vertical advection, ice optical and microphysical properties, convection, cirrus clouds, and atmospheric composition on simulated tropopause temperature and lower-stratospheric water vapor concentrations in the tropics. The numerical accuracy of the vertical advection, determined in the MetUM by the choice of interpolation and conservation schemes used, is found to be particularly important. Microphysical and radiative processes are found to influence stratospheric water vapor both through modifying the tropical tropopause temperature and through modifying upper-tropospheric water vapor concentrations, allowing more water vapor to be advected into the stratosphere. The representation of any of the processes discussed can act to significantly reduce biases in tropical tropopause temperature and stratospheric water vapor in a physical way, thereby improving climate simulations.
Argos-3 Satellite Communication System: Implementation on the Arvor Oceanographic Profiling Floats
Authors: André Xavier , Moreau Bertrand , Le Reste Serge 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe scientific community observes the ocean for applications in the fields of oceanography and climate research. To recover in situ data, more than 3000 profiling floats are operated in the framework of the Argo program. Each float performs cycles between the sea surface and a depth of 2000 m. Scientific data are gathered while the float is traveling upward from the depths of the oceans and are then transmitted via a satellite communication system at the end of each cycle. During its time at the surface, mainly dedicated to transmissions, the float is vulnerable and subject to drift, which limits its use in many studies. Moreover, transmission times are becoming longer due to a trend toward high-resolution or multisensor profiles. Consequently, the transmission system embedded in the profiling floats had to evolve.Argos-3 is the latest generation of the Argos satellite communication system. It has been designed to allow instruments to transmit more data in a small time budget and as an alternative to Iridium, already implemented on profiling floats in restrictive applications.This study aims to evaluate the implementation of Argos-3 on Arvor profiling floats. Tests were carried out first in the laboratory, before being implemented on the Arvor float and deployed at sea. This study proves that the high-data-rate mode suffered from European electromagnetic noise, which is incompatible with this application. The interactive low-data-rate mode was successfully qualified; it is capable of transmitting an entire dataset in a few minutes, compared to 8–10 h for the previous Argos-2 system.
Climatological Characteristics and Orographic Enhancement of Lake-Effect Precipitation East of Lake Ontario and over the Tug Hill Plateau
Authors: Veals Peter G. , Steenburgh W. James 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Lake-effect snowstorms east of Lake Ontario are frequently intense and contribute to substantial seasonal accumulations, especially over the Tug Hill Plateau (hereafter Tug Hill), which rises at a gentle 1.25% slope to ~500 m above lake level. Using a variety of datasets including radar imagery from the KTYX (Fort Drum, New York) WSR-88D, this paper examines the characteristics of lake-effect precipitation east of Lake Ontario over 13 cool seasons (16 September 2001–15 May 2014). During this period, days with at least 2 h of lake effect account for 61%–76% of the mean cool-season snowfall and 24%–37% of the mean cool-season liquid precipitation. Mean monthly lake-effect frequency and snowfall peak in December and January. The highest lake-effect frequency and snowfall occur over the western and upper Tug Hill, with an arm of relatively high lake-effect frequency and snowfall extending to the southeast shore of Lake Ontario. To the east (lee), lake-effect frequency and snowfall decrease abruptly over the Black River valley, although relatively high frequency and snowfall extend downstream into the western Adirondack Mountains. Broad coverage and long-lake-axis-parallel (LLAP) bands dominate the lake-effect morphology throughout the region. There is no diurnal modulation of lake-effect frequency during winter, but weak modulation in fall and spring, especially of LLAP bands.
Collectively, these results quantify the role that lake effect plays in the cool-season hydroclimate east of Lake Ontario. The increase in lake-effect frequency and snowfall over Tug Hill suggest an inland/orographic intensification of many lake-effect systems, with evidence for shadowing in the lee.
Effects of religious and spiritual variables on outcomes in violent relationships
Authors: Katerndahl David , Burge Sandra , Ferrer Robert , Becho Johanna , Wood Robert 
Published: June 2015

Objective Religious and spiritual factors in intimate partner violence have received increasing attention. But are such factors related to outcomes in violent relationships? The purpose of this study was to assess the relative impact of spiritual symptoms and religious coping on attitudinal/behavioral and clinical outcomes among women in violent relationships. Methods Adult women with a recent history of husband-to-wife physical abuse were recruited from six primary care clinics. Once enrolled, 200 subjects completed a baseline interview and daily assessment of level of violence, using the Interactive Verbal Response for 12 weeks. At the completion of the study, contact with each participant was attempted to determine whether she had either sought professional help or left the relationship. Three religious/spiritual variables were assessed at baseline—number of visits to a religious/spiritual counselor, religious coping, and severity of spiritual symptoms. Stepped multiple linear regression was used to explain factor-analyzed outcomes (coping and appraisals, hope and support, symptomatology, functional status, readiness for change, and medical utilization), adjusting for demographic, marital, childhood, mental health, and violence variables. Results After controlling for duration, severity and dynamics of violence, the use of spiritual resources, and the level of spiritual symptoms were associated with most attitudinal/behavioral and clinical outcomes, while religious coping was only associated with staying in the relationship. Conclusions Religious and spiritual factors were associated with most outcomes. Spiritual symptoms had a consistently negative effect on outcomes while use of spiritual resources had variable effects. Religious coping was only associated with refraining from leaving the relationship.
Prognostic Radiographic Aspects of Spondylolisthesis
Authors: Saraste H. , Broström L.-Å. , Aparisi T. 
Published: June 2015

A series of 202 patients (133 men, 69 women) with lumbar spondylolysis were examined radiographically on two occasions, first at the time of diagnosis and later at a follow-up, after an observation period of 20 years or more. The films from patients in groups without and with moderate and severe olisthesis were evaluated with respect to variables describing lumbosacral lordosis, wedging of the spondylolytic vertebra, lengths of the transverse processes and iliolumbar ligaments, disk height, progression of slipping, and influence on measured olisthesis of lumbar spine flexion and extension at the radiographic examination. The evaluation was made with special attention to possible signs which could be predictive for the prognosis of vertebral slipping. Progession of slipping did not differ between patients diagnosed as adults or adolescents. Reduction of disk height was correlated to the degree of slipping present at the initial examination and to the progression of olisthesis. Flexion and extension of the lumbar spine did not modify the degree of olisthesis. Data concerning the lengths of the transverse processes and the iliolumbar ligaments, and lumbar lordosis, cannot be used for prognostic purposes. The lumbar index reflecting the degree of wedge deformity of the spondylolytic vertebra was shown to be the only variable of prognostic value for the development of vertebral slipping.
Polysorbate 80 and Low-Osmolality Water-Soluble Contrast Medium Enema in Diagnosis and Treatment of Faecal Obstruction in Malignant Phaeochromocytoma
Authors: Ratcliffe J. F. 
Published: June 2015

Stercoral obstruction in a young woman with disseminated phaeochromocytoma was diagnosed and treated successfully using an enema of isosmolar iohexol (Omnipaque) and 1% polysorbate 80 (Tween 80) without complication. Surgical intervention was thus avoided. A low osmolality water-soluble contrast medium (iohexol 150 mg I/ml) with a wetting agent (1% Tween 80) was used because a barium suspension would have inspissated, exacerbating the constipation and a hyperosmolar contrast medium might have precipitated a hypertensive crisis and destablised her critical salt and water balance. References
Videoradiography of Free Jejunal Grafts for Rehabilitation of Speech in Laryngectomized Patients
Authors: Pokieser P. , Grasl M. C. , Schima W. , Uranitsch K. , Piza-Katzer H. , Niederle B. , Ehrenberger K. , Ekberg O. , Tscholakoff D. 
Published: June 2015

In laryngectomized patients a tracheo-esophageal artificial fistula can be used to achieve air flow from the trachea to the esophagus during speech. A one-way plastic valve is often used for the fistula. A free jejunal graft between the trachea and the esophagus can also be used. To avoid aspiration the transplant is attached to the submental area giving the graft a siphon-like shape. We performed 23 videoradiographic examinations using high-density barium in 14 such patients. The aim was to evaluate the protective function of these grafts against aspiration. Penetration of the bolus and a small amount of residual contrast material in the ascending limb of the graft was a normal finding. If the standard barium bolus reached the descending limb at any time during the examination, this was a sign of aspiration hazard. To avoid aspiration, the vertex of the speech siphon should be higher than the level of the hypopharyngeal anastomosis.
Lumbar Disk Herniation Combined with Epidural Hematoma
Authors: Mikkelsen D. B. 
Published: June 2015

Purpose: Presentation of a case of simultaneous lumbar disk herniation and epidural hematoma. Material and Methods: An 85-year-old patient with symptoms of compression of one or more nerve roots was examined with CT of the 3 lower lumbar intervertebral spaces. Results: CT showed a high-density mass in the left side of the spinal canal, lying on the flaval ligament and extending laterally under the left pedicle of the 3rd lumbar vertebra. The correct diagnosis was not established before surgery. At surgery, a lumbar disk herniation and an epidural hematoma, located in the 3rd lumbar intervertebral space, were found. Conclusion: Retrospectively, the CT appearance was well in accordance with the findings at operation, but further examination, preferably MR imaging, is suggested in cases of atypical masses in the spinal canal.
Phosphorus-31 MR Spectroscopy in the Preoperative Evaluation of Symptomatic Unilateral Carotid Artery Stenosis
Authors: Ekholm S. , Forssell-Aronsson E. , Starck G. , Kjellman L. , Lundh T. , Holm J. , Volkmann R. , Blomstrand C. 
Published: June 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the potential of 31P-MRS (MR spectroscopy) in the pre- and postoperative evaluation of patients referred for endarterectomy. Material and Methods: Nine patients with unilateral, hemodynamically significant stenosis in the region of the common carotid bifurcation were examined pre- and postoperatively with CT, SPECT (regional cerebral blood flow), transcranial Doppler, and duplex sonography, and they also underwent neuropsychologic investigation. Phosphorus-31 MRS of each hemisphere was performed before and 27–148 days after surgery. The relative concentrations of phosphomono- and -diesters, inorganic phosphate, phosphocreatine, and ATP were estimated. Results: No definite changes in concentrations could be detected for any of the metabolites. Conclusion: The lack of changes was probably due to well-functioning collaterals and to the partial volume effect, whereby changes in a focal region are hidden when larger volumes are studied.
Videoradiography of Patients with Habitual Snoring and/or Sleep Apnea
Authors: Hillarp B. , Nylander G. , Rosén I. , Wickström O. 
Published: June 2015

Purpose: The videoradiographic examination described was designed for habitual snorers and sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) patients and was performed during wakefulness and sleep. During wakefulness the purpose was to reveal any dysfunction in deglutition and speech as well as morphologic abnormalities. The purpose during sleep, which usually was induced by low-dose midazolam intravenously, was to reveal the site and form of obstruction in obstructive sleep apnea patients and the site of snoring in habitual snorers. Material: The preoperative results of 104 patients are presented. In 57 patients who had apneas, the occurrence and type of apnea could be determined. Results and Conclusion: A continuous recording over some minutes gave a rough estimate of the degree of SAS and mean duration of apnea. Although much information on SAS can be obtained by this method, it cannot replace polygraphic sleep recording in the investigation of habitual snorers and SAS patients. However, these 2 methods are complementary and can be performed simultaneously as polygraphic videoradiography.
Imaging of Tuberculosis
Authors: Lundstedt C. , Nyman R. , Brismar J. , Hugosson C. , Kagevi I. 
Published: June 2015

Purpose: To describe the radiological findings of tuberculosis (TB) of the abdomen as reflected at our hospital. Material and Methods: The radiological files of 503 patients (referred to our institution mainly because of a clinical suspicion of malignancy, and found to have cultureor biopsy-proven TB) were reviewed in order to analyze the spectrum of the TB manifestations in this group of patients. Results: Abdominal manifestations were found in 112 patients, in 1/3 abdominal disease was the only evidence of TB. More than half of the patients also had chest TB. The most common abdominal TB manifestations were peritonitis and lymph node enlargement, each occurring in about 1/3 of the patients. Also 1/3 had genitourinary TB manifestations. About 1/5 had TB of the liver, spleen or pancreas or in the gastrointestinal tract, respectively. Multiple organ involvement was common. Conclusion: The need to consider TB in the differential diagnosis in patients with obscure abdominal symptoms, especially with multiple organ involvement, is stressed.
Imaging of Tuberculosis
Authors: Lindahl S. , Nyman R. S. , Brismar J. , Hugosson C. , Lundstedt C. 
Published: June 2015

Purpose: To describe the radiologic findings in patients with spinal tuberculosis (TB). Material and Methods: Out of a total of 503 patients with TB, 63 (13%) had involvement of the spine. Results: In 40 patients, the spine was the only location; 20 patients had concomitant chest TB. Conventional radiographs gave a good overview, CT visualized the diskovertebral lesions and the paravertebral abscesses, while MR imaging was useful to determine the spread of disease to the soft tissues and the spinal canal. The typical findings were destroyed vertebrae with associated paraspinal soft-tissue mass, with or without abscess formation, sometimes also involving the epidural space together with adjoining disk lesion and focal gibbus formation. Involvement of a single vertebra was a relatively common finding. Large psoas abscesses could occur without any signs of bone involvement. The TB process could sometimes be indistinguishable from malignant processes, and in 3 patients, with multiple lesions in the spine, it mimicked metastatic disease. Conclusion: It is stressed that TB should always be considered in the differential diagnosis when radiologic findings suggest spinal infections or primary or secondary spinal tumors.
Imaging of Tuberculosis
Authors: Hugosson C. , Nyman R. S. , Brismar J. , Larsson S.-G. , Lindahl S. , Lundstedt C. 
Published: June 2015

Purpose: To assess frequency, location, and appearance of peripheral osteoarticular and soft-tissue tuberculosis (TB). Material and Methods: Twenty-five of 503 patients with TB had peripheral osteoarticular TB and 5 had soft-tissue TB. Chest radiography, CT, and MR imaging were applied. Results: The location of the osteoarticular lesion was articular/epiphyseal in 14 patients, articular/metaphyseal in 3, and metaphyseal without joint involvement in 3. Involvement of flat bone was found in 4 patients (5 lesions). The morphologic appearance was similar to that of a lytic tumour in 9 patients (10 lesions) and that of a destructive joint lesion in 16 patients. The soft-tissue TB in all 5 patients presented as an abscess. Twelve patients had a total of 20 additional sites of involvement: chest in 9, abdomen in 4, spine in 4, the neck in 3, and the central nervous system in one patient. Conclusion: On the basis of radiologic appearance, it can be difficult to differentiate peripheral osteoarticular and soft-tissue TB from other degenerative, inflammatory, or neoplastic disorders, and the importance of a high awareness is stressed in order to reach an early diagnosis.
Percutaneous Superselective Coil-Embolization of Intrarenal Arteriovenous Fistulas
Authors: Husstedt H. , Chavan A. , Ghadban F. , Leppert A. , Galanski M. 
Published: June 2015

Purpose: To evaluate the role of percutaneous transcatheter coil-occlusion in the management of uncontrollable postoperative hematuria due to iatrogenic arteriovenous (AV) fistula. Material and Methods: In 2 patients, AV fistulas were occluded with percutaneous catheter-guided superselective coil embolization. Results: In both cases, occlusion of the AV fistulas was successful. Only small parts (less than 10%) of the parenchyma had to be sacrificed. No hypertension occurred. Conclusion: Percutaneous coil embolization is a useful alternative to surgery in cases of postoperative AV fistulas. Hematuria can be effectively controlled without resulting hypertension.
Total Effective Radiation Dose from Spiral CT and Conventional Radiography of the Pelvis with Regard to Fracture Classification
Authors: Jurik A. G. , Jensen L. C. , Hansen J. 
Published: June 2015

Purpose: In most departments CT has replaced special radiographic projections with regard to classification of pelvic fractures. This change of procedure calls for analysis in terms of dosimetry. Methods: The total effective radiation doses given with spiral CT and conventional 5 projection radiography were determined according to ICRP 60 by measuring organ doses with an anthropomorphic Rando Alderson phantom packed with thermoluminescence dosimeters. For comparison, easily obtainable calculated effective doses were also determined, based on the CT dose index (CTDI), measured free-in-air and as entrance surface dose using organ conversion factors according to NRPB-R250 and NRPB-R262. Results: The total effective radiation dose was lower in spiral CT than in conventional 5 projection radiography, 4.4 and 5.0 mSv, respectively. In spiral CT the calculated effective dose was 11% lower and in conventional radiography 68% higher than the dose obtained by actual measurement using the Alderson phantom. Conclusion: As CT gives important diagnostic information with regard to classification of pelvic fractures, and without a greater radiation risk than impacted by 5 projection conventional radiography, we recommend the performance of spiral CT instead of special projections.
Gd-DTPA in Male Urethrography
Authors: Vehmas T. , Tervahartiala P. 
Published: June 2015

Patients with a case history of severe side-effects from iodine-containing contrast media present problems in later radiological examination. We report here on an alternative, the first extravascular use of Gd-DTPA in an X-ray urethrography. By using the standard processing algorithm of our digital radiographic equipment and 60 ml undiluted Gd-DTPA meglumine (469 mg/ml) we achieved good contrast and could exclude the suspected urethral diverticulum in a 26-year-old man. No adverse reactions occurred. Gd-DTPA seems to offer a reasonable contrast and may be used as an alternative extravascular contrast medium in selected conventional radiographic studies.