bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discrete thickness
Authors: Scholtes Sebastian 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWe investigate the relationship between a discrete version of thickness and its smooth counterpart.
These discrete energies are deffned on equilateral polygons with n vertices. It will turn out that the smooth
ropelength, which is the scale invariant quotient of length divided by thickness, is the Γ-limit of the discrete
ropelength for n → ∞, regarding the topology induced by the Sobolev norm ‖ · ‖ W1,∞(S1,ℝd). This result directly
implies the convergence of almost minimizers of the discrete energies in a fixed knot class to minimizers of
the smooth energy.Moreover,we show that the unique absolute minimizer of inverse discrete thickness is the
regular n-gon.
A Model of the Dynamic Error as a Measurement Result of Instruments Defining the Parameters of Moving Objects
Authors: Dichev D. , Koev H. , Bakalova T. , Louda P. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The present paper considers a new model for the formation of the dynamic error inertial component. It is very effective in the analysis and synthesis of measuring instruments positioned on moving objects and measuring their movement parameters. The block diagram developed within this paper is used as a basis for defining the mathematical model. The block diagram is based on the set-theoretic description of the measuring system, its input and output quantities and the process of dynamic error formation. The model reflects the specific nature of the formation of the dynamic error inertial component. In addition, the model submits to the logical interrelation and sequence of the physical processes that form it. The effectiveness, usefulness and advantages of the model proposed are rooted in the wide range of possibilities it provides in relation to the analysis and synthesis of those measuring instruments, the formulation of algorithms and optimization criteria, as well as the development of new intelligent measuring systems with improved accuracy characteristics in dynamic mode.
Multiple Iterations of Bundle Adjustment for the Position Measurement of Fiber Tips on LAMOST
Authors: Feng Mingchi , Gu Yonggang , Jin Yi , Zhai Chao 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
In the astronomical observation process of multi-object fiber spectroscopic telescope, the position measurement of fiber tips on the focal plane is difficult and critical, and is directly related to subsequent observation and ultimate data quality. The fibers should precisely align with the celestial target. Hence, the precise coordinates of the fiber tips are obligatory for tracking the celestial target. The accurate movement trajectories of the fiber tips on the focal surface of the telescope are the critical problem for the control of the fiber positioning mechanism. According to the special structure of the LAMOST telescope and the composition of the initial position error, this paper aims at developing a high precision and robust measurement method based on multiple iterations of bundle adjustment with a few control points. The measurement theory of the proposed methodology has been analyzed, and the measurement accuracy has been evaluated. The experimental results indicate that the new method is more accurate and more reliable than the polynomial fitting method. The maximum position error of the novel measurement algorithm of fiber tips with simulated and real data is 65.3 μm, and most of the position errors conform to the accuracy requirement (40 μm).
Measurement of the Operating Parameters and Numerical Analysis of the Mechanical Subsystem
Authors: Božek Pavol , Turygin Yuri 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Submission is focused on completing the information system about quality, operation, automatic testing and new evaluating method of vehicle subsystem. Numeric analysis is carried out on the base of automatic collection and systematic recording of commercial car operation. Proposed new information system about operation and trial process allows verification according to the proposed method. Critical components verified in laboratory conditions are detected by numeric analysis of reliability. Quality level increasing not only for final product, but also related automatic test laboratory for cars is the result of respecting these principles.
Comparison of Molecular Iodine Spectral Properties at 514.7 and 532 nm Wavelengths
Authors: Hrabina J. , Acef O. , Burck F. du , Chiodo N. , Candela Y. , Sarbort M. , Hola M. , Lazar J. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
We present results of investigation and comparison of spectral properties of molecular iodine transitions in the spectral region of 514.7 nm that are suitable for laser frequency stabilization and metrology of length. Eight Doppler-broadened transitions that were not studied in detail before were investigated with the help of frequency doubled Yb-doped fiber laser, and three of the most promising lines were studied in detail with prospect of using them in frequency stabilization of new laser standards. The spectral properties of hyperfine components (linewidths, signal-to-noise ratio) were compared with transitions that are well known and traditionally used for stabilization of frequency doubled Nd:YAG laser at the 532 nm region with the same molecular iodine absorption. The external frequency doubling arrangement with waveguide crystal and the Yb-doped fiber laser is also briefly described together with the observed effect of laser aging.
Nitrogen-Phosphorous Fertilizers on the Base of Concentrated Ammonium Nitrate Solution and Central Kyzylkum Phosphate Raw Material
Authors: Akhmed Reymov , Shafoat Namazov 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
This article presents obtaining of nitrogen-phosphate fertilizers by reacting ordinary phosphate powder from Central Kyzylkum (Uzbekistan) with 70-90% ammonium nitrate solution at 100ºС. Chemical composition of the fertilizers was determined fully. Relevant consistence of acceptable forms of Р2О5 and СаО in the product extremely decreased by the increase of amount of phosphate raw material (PRM) in reaction mixture. The addition of phosphate additive into ammonium nitrate solution significantly increases toughness of ammonium nitrate granules and their growth velocity proportionally by phosphate powder added. Herewith, initial concentration of ammonium nitrate did not effect practically on the granule’s toughness. It is described that, phosphate additive decreases the speed of solubility of ammonium nitrate granules almost up to 1.83 times. On our opinion, decrease of fertilizer solubility is the result of growing phosphorite share in the products. The more is the phosphorite share, the more slowly dissolution process of the fertilizer granule does occur.
Fabrication of Electrochemical Nanoelectrode for Sensor Application Using Focused Ion Beam Technology
Authors: Łaszcz Adam , Nogala Wojciech , Czerwinski Andrzej , Ratajczak Jacek , Kątcki Jerzy 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The capabilities and applications of the focused ion beam (FIB) technology for detection of an electrochemical signal in nanoscale area are shown. The FIB system, enabling continuous micro- and nanofabrication within only one equipment unit, was used to produce a prototype of electrochemical nanometer-sized electrode for sensor application. Voltammetric study of electrochemically active compound (ferrocenemethanol) revealed the diffusion limiting current (12 pA), corresponding to a disc (planar) nanoelectrode with about 70 nm diameter of contact area. This size is in a good accordance with the designed contact-area (50 nm × 100 nm for width × thickness) of the FIB-produced nanoelectrode. It confirms that produced nanoelectrode is working properly in liquid solution and may enable correct measurements in nanometer-sized regions.
Flue Gas Desulfurization by Mechanically and Thermally Activated Sodium Bicarbonate
Authors: Walawska Barbara , Szymanek Arkadiusz , Pajdak Anna , Nowak Marzena 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
This paper presents the results of study on structural parameters (particle size, surface area, pore volume) and the sorption ability of mechanically and thermally activated sodium bicarbonate. The sorption ability of the modified sorbent was evaluated by: partial and overall SO2 removal efficiency, conversion rate, normalized stoichiometric ratio (NSR). Sodium bicarbonate was mechanically activated by various grinding techniques, using three types of mills: fluid bed opposed jet mill, fine impact mill and electromagnetic mill, differing in grinding technology. Grounded sorbent was thermally activated, what caused a significant development of surface area. During the studies of SO2 sorption, a model gas with a temperature of 300°C, of composition: sulfur dioxide at a concentration of 6292 mg/mn
3, oxygen, carbon dioxide and nitrogen as a carrier gas, was used. The best development of surface area and the highest SO2 removal efficiency was obtained for the sorbent treated by electromagnetic grinding, with simultaneous high conversion rate.
Motory Emila Zegadłowicza czytane po latach
Authors: Stabro Stanisław 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Emil Zegadłowicz’s Motors, which was published in 1937, has to read in the context of the writer’s artistic and ideological evolution, marked by his novel cycle, The Life of his Mikołaj Srebrempisany (1927-1935), in particular Mares (1935), as well as the later The Dead Sea (1939). Close attention should also be paid to the autobiographical aspects of all his fictions. The same is true of Motors, the origin of which is deeply rooted in the writer’s biography. How should we read and interpret the novel today? Should we treat it as erotic fiction? Or focus primarily on the main character’s three types of utopian thinking, the utopia of sex, art and left-wing political activism? It seems that the latter approach may well restore to us and reveal a fresh relevance of a book often regarded as a product of a long gone epoch
Exact solutions for bright and dark solitons in spatially inhomogeneous nonlinearity
Authors: Xie Qiongtao 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
We present exact analytical results for bright and dark solitons in a type of one-dimensional spatially inhomogeneous nonlinearity. We show that the competition between a homogeneous self-defocusing (SDF) nonlinearity and a localized self-focusing (SF) nonlinearity supports stable fundamental bright solitons. For a specific choice of the nonlinear parameters, exact analytical solutions for fundamental bright solitons have been obtained. By applying both variational approximation and Vakhitov-Kolokolov stability criterion, it is found that exact fundamental bright solitons are stable. Our analytical results are also confirmed numerically. Additionally, we show that a homogeneous SF nonlinearity modulated by a localized SF nonlinearity allows the existence of exact dark solitons, for certain special cases of nonlinear parameters. By making use of linear stability analysis and direct numerical simulation, it is found that these exact dark solitons are linearly unstable.
The ground-state magnetic moments of odd-mass Hf isotopes
Authors: Yakut Hakan , Tabar Emre , Kuliev A. , Guliyev Ekber 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
In this paper the Quasiparticle-Phonon Nuclear Model (QPNM), based on QRPA (Quasiparticle Random Phase Approximation) phonons, has been utilized to investigate spin polarization effects on the groundstate magnetic properties such as intrinsic magnetic moment (g
K) and effective spin gyromagnetic factor (g
seff.) of odd-mass deformed 165–179Hf isotopes with K > 1/2. Investigations of the spin polarization effects of the even core on the magnetic moments show that the spin gyromagnetic factors (g
s) of the nucleons in the nucleus differ noticeably from the corresponding values for free nucleons and that the spin-spin interactions play an important role in the re-normalization of g
s factors of the odd-mass 165–179Hf isotopes. In addition, some theoretical predictions are presented for the magnetic moments of 165Hf, 167Hf, and 169Hf, whose ground state magnetic moments haven’t been experimentally determined yet.
Dirac equation with multiparameter-potential and Hulthén tensor interaction under relativistic symmetries
Authors: Ortakaya Sami 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The pseudospin and spin symmetric solutions of the Dirac equation with Hulthén-type tensor interaction are obtained under multi-parameter-exponential potential (MEP) for arbitrary κ states. The energy eigenvalues and the corresponding eigenfunctions are also obtained using the parametric Nikiforov-Uvarov (NU) method. Some numerical results are also obtained for pseudospin and spin symmetry limits.
Gender Discrimination, Education and Economic Growth in a Generalized Uzawa-Lucas Two-Sector Model
Authors: Zhang Wei-Bin 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
This paper is mainly concerned with relationships between economic growth and gender discrimination in labor markets and education. Although discrimination in different fields has well been addresses and modelled in the economic literature, there are only a few growth models with endogenous wealth and human capital accumulation, gender time distribution between work, leisure and education under gender (positive or negative) discrimination. The production and economic structures, human capital accumulation are based on the Uzawa-Lucas model, while the utility function and gender division of labor, leisure time and study time are based on the model by Zhang. The model takes account of learning by education in modeling human capital accumulation. We simulate the model to demonstrate the existence of equilibrium points and motion of the national economy. We also conduct a comparative dynamic analysis in regard to changes in discrimination in the education sector, women’s propensity to stay at home, women’s propensity to receive education, women’s knowledge utilization efficiency, and the propensity to save.
Central Bank Independence, Transparency and Accountability Indexes: a Survey
Authors: Dumiter Florin Cornel 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Recently, the remarkable trend upon central bank independence and the efficient monetary policy were seriously highlighted in the monetary economics field. Starting from 1990s’ central bank independence was at the core of policy making and central banking problems, because of the widespread economical, political, personal and budgetary autonomy of the central bank. Nowadays, we can observe an increasing trend upon central bank transparency, for evaluating more accurate the central bank’s performances by the wide public, mass-media and financial markets. Consequently, a central bank must encompass a high degree of accountability and responsibility, because of the final liability in case of failure. In this paper we present, analyze and assess the construction of the most important indices regarding central bank independence, transparency and accountability in a chronological manner, presenting also the advantages and disadvantages of these indices related to actual practices of central banks. Moreover, we analyze the analytical results of the empirical testing of these indices with a considerable impact upon the developed and developing country group. In regard with the empirical results of different authors, we suggest the importance and the necessity for constructing an aggregate index for measuring central bank independence, transparency and accountability, based on de jure stipulations and the actual practices of the central banks.
Avian Communities of a Mixed Mopane-Acacia Savanna in the Cuvelai Drainage System, North-Central Namibia, During the Dry and Wet Season
Authors: Kopij G. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Studies were conducted by means of the Line Transect Method in late rainy season (March), in the middle of dry season (July) and at beginning of rainy season (November).Th e total length of all transects was c. 11 km. In total, 70 resident and 13 nonresidentspecies were recorded. Th e number of species in dry season was significantly lower than in rainy season (x2-test: 14.1; p < 0.01). Th e highly significant seasonal differences in abundance were recorded for the following species: Streptopelia senegalensis, Streptopelia capicola, Uraeginthus angolensis, Cisticola juncidis, Upupa africana, Cynniris mariquensis, and Numida meleagris. In overall, five species have been classified as dominants: Streptopelia senegalensis, Streptopelia capicola, Uraeginthus angolensis, Plocepasser mahali and Cypsiurus parvus. They comprised together 43.9 %. Significant variations in the dominance structure between the wet and dry season have been evidenced. Granivores were much more numerous in the dry than in the wet season, while for the insectivores the reverse was true. Although Sorensen Coefficient was much the same between all three seasons, the Shannon’s Diversity Index was lower in July than in March and November.
Song Repertoire and Comparative Analysis of Song Structure of Chaffinch, Fringilla Coelebs (Fringillidae), from the Northeast of Balkan Region
Authors: Tsvelykh A. N. , Yablonovska-Grishchenko E. D. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The repertoire of chaffinches from the northeast of Balkan region consists of 39 song types, 9 of them are most widespread. Comparative analysis of the chaffinch song types from the Balkans and from Caucasus, East Carpathians, Crimean Mountains, plain regions of Ukraine was done. It revealed no Balkan song types in other regions. Chaffinch songs from Balkan are similar by structure to songs from the Caucasus and East Carpathians and quite different from songs from the Crimea and Ukrainian plains. In songs of Balkan chaffinches we discovered 106 elements. Five of them are specific for local birds, 101 were found in birds from other populations. However, 37 elements are common with ones in East Carpathian populations but they were absent in chaffinch songs recorded in the Crimea and plain regions of Ukraine. Common elements in bird songs from the East Carpathians and the Balkans may be an evidence of distant relations between these territorial song complexes and/or presence of relic elements in south mountain complexes. Th e rain-calls of Balkan chaffinches radically diff er from those of birds of Crimea, plain regions of Ukraine and East Carpathians and quite identical to calls of the Caucasus birds
Epipharyngeal Morphology in Hyperini Larvae (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Hyperinae)
Authors: Nazarenko V. Yu. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Investigation of the main epipharyngeal structures in representatives of Hyperini weevils larvae has shown that in general case 6 als, 2 (4) ams, 4 mes and 2 snp present: Coniatus (Bagoides) splendidulus (Fabricius, 1781) - 6 als, 2 ams, ?1 mes, 2 x 3 snp, Donus bucovinensis (Penecke, 1928) - 6 als, 2 ams, 4 mes, 2 x 5 snp, D. geminus (Zaslavskij, 1967) - 6 als, 2 ams, 4 mes, 2 x 5 snp, Hypera (Eririnomorphus) rumicis (Linnaeus, 1758) - 6 als, ?4 ams, 4 mes, 2 x 2 snp, H. (Hypera) miles (Paykull, 1792) - 6 als, ?4 ams, 4 mes, 2 x (4-5) snp, H. (H.) transsylvanica (Petri, 1901) - 6 als, 2 ams, 4 mes, 2 x (3-5) snp, Limobius borealis (Paykull, 1792) - 6 als, 2 ams, 4 mes, 2 x 4 snp. By morphological peculiarities of epipharyngeal surface the studied larvae can be divided into next 4 groups: 1) epipharynx with wide flat areas, short setae and shallow emargination (C. splendidulus); 2) with wide flat areas, medium-sized setae, strait and sharp excision on anterior margin (D. bucovinensis, D. geminus); 3) with short flat areas, medium to long setae and wide apical emargination (H. miles, H. rumicis, H. transsylvanica); 4) with uneven surface, large long setae and short emargination (L. borealis). It is supposed that morphological peculiarities of ephiphaynx in Hyperini relate to type of feeding.
Egg Morphology of some Noctuidae (Lepidoptera)
Authors: Dolinskaya I. V. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The eggs of 10 species Noctuidae from 6 subfamilies (Acronictinae, Metoponiinae, Cuculliinae, Heliothinae, Condicinae and Bryophilinae) occurring in Ukraine are examined, described, and illustrated with SEM. Th e diagnostic characters of examined species are carried out
Sagittal Plane Trunk Posture Influences Patellofemoral Joint Stress During Running
Authors: Teng Hsiang-Ling , Powers Christopher M. 
Published: August 2014

Study Design Cross-sectional, repeated-measures. Objectives To examine the association between sagittal plane trunk posture and patellofemoral joint (PFJ) stress, and to determine whether modifying sagittal plane trunk posture influences PFJ stress during running. Background Patellofemoral pain is the most common injury among runners and is thought to be the result of elevated PFJ stress. While sagittal plane trunk posture has been shown to influence tibiofemoral joint mechanics, no study has examined the influence of trunk posture on PFJ kinetics. Methods Twenty-four asymptomatic recreational runners (12 women, 12 men) ran overground at a speed of 3.4 m/s under 3 trunk-posture conditions: self-selected, flexed, and extended. Trunk and knee kinematics, ground reaction forces, and electromyographic signals from selected lower extremity muscles were obtained. A previously described PFJ biomechanical model was used to quantify PFJ stress. Results The mean ± SD trunk flexion angles under the self-selected, flexed, and extended running conditions were 7.3° ± 3.6°, 14.1° ± 4.8°, and 4.0° ± 3.9°, respectively. A significant inverse relationship was observed between mean trunk flexion angle and peak PFJ stress during the self-selected condition (r = −0.60, P = .002). Peak PFJ stress was significantly lower in the flexed condition (mean ± SD, 20.2 ± 3.4 MPa; P<.001) and significantly higher in the extended condition (23.1 ± 3.4 MPa; P<.001) compared to the self-selected condition (21.5 ± 3.2 MPa). Conclusion Sagittal plane trunk posture has a significant influence on PFJ kinetics during running. Incorporation of a forward trunk lean may be an effective strategy to reduce PFJ stress during running. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2014;44(10):785–792. Epub 25 August 2014. doi:10.2519/jospt.2014.5249