bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lipid‐Modulating Treatments for Mixed Dyslipidemia Increase HDL‐Associated Phospholipase A2 Activity with Differential Effects on HDL Subfractions
Authors: Kei Anastazia , Liberopoulos Evangelos , Tellis Costantinos , Elisaf Moses , Tselepis Alexandros 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe effect of lipid‐modulating treatments on modification of high density lipoprotein (HDL) subfractions remains unknown. In this study, mixed dyslipidemia patients (n = 100) inadequately controlled with a standard statin dose were randomized to switch to 40 mg of rosuvastatin or add‐on extended release nicotinic acid/laropiprant (ER‐NA/LRPT) or add‐on fenofibrate. The cholesterol concentrations of HDL (HDL‐C) subfractions and HDL‐associated lipoprotein‐associated phospholipase A2 (HDL‐Lp‐PLA2) activity were assessed at baseline and 3 months later. We observed that large HDL‐C increased by 50 and 6 % in the add‐on‐ER‐NA/LRPT and rosuvastatin groups, respectively, while it decreased by 20 % in the add‐on‐fenofibrate group (p < 0.01 vs baseline for all groups and p < 0.01 for all comparisons among groups). On the other hand, small HDL‐C decreased by 17 % in the add‐on‐ER‐NA/LRPT group (p < 0.01 vs baseline), while it increased by 25 % in the add‐on‐fenofibrate group (p < 0.01 vs baseline) without any change in the rosuvastatin group (p < 0.01 for all comparisons among groups). HDL‐Lp‐PLA2 activity increased by 55, 33 and 18 % in add‐on‐ER‐NA/LRPT, add‐on‐fenofibrate and rosuvastatin groups, respectively (p < 0.01 for all comparisons vs baseline and for all comparisons among groups). In conclusion, add‐on‐ER‐NA/LRPT was associated with an increase in large HDL‐C and a decrease in small HDL‐C, while opposite effects were noticed in the add‐on‐fenofibrate group. Add‐on‐ER‐NA/LRPT was associated with the most pronounced increase in HDL‐Lp‐PLA2 activity.
Multidimensional characterization of sexual minority adolescents' sexual safety strategies
Authors: Masters N. Tatiana , Beadnell Blair , Morrison Diane M. , Hoppe Marilyn J. , Wells Elizabeth A. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTYoung adults have high rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Sexual minority youths' risk for STIs, including HIV, is as high as or higher than sexual majority peers'. Sexual safety, while often treated as a single behavior such as condom use, can be best conceptualized as the result of multiple factors. We used latent class analysis to identify profiles based on ever‐used sexual safety strategies and lifetime number of partners among 425 self‐identified LGBTQ youth aged 14–19. Data collection took place anonymously online. We identified four specific subgroup profiles for males and three for females, with each subgroup representing a different level and type of sexual safety. Profiles differed from each other in terms of age and outness for males, and in outness, personal homonegativity, and amount of education received about sexual/romantic relationships for females. Youths' sexual safety profiles have practice implications for sexuality educators, health care professionals, and parents.
Hip Development after Selective Dorsal Rhizotomy in Patients with Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Wai-Ming Chan , Alexander Choi Kai-Yiu , Kin-Wai Sun , Dawson Fong , Kwong-Yui Yam 
Published: August 2013

Objective The effects of selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) on the hip development in children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP) are not well defined. The present study was performed to determine the effects of SDR and other associated clinical and radiological factors on the outcome of hip development after SDR. Methods The study included 53 patients who were skeletally immature at the time of SDR. Between 2003 and 2010, they underwent SDR at our institute. The age ranged from 4 to 15 years old. Their preoperative hip status was divided into two groups: normal and abnormal. The final outcome of the hip was considered good if the centre-edge angle of Wiberg (CEA) at last follow-up was more than 20 degrees without the need for orthopaedic intervention. Thirty-seven patients satisfied the inclusion criteria for statistical analysis. Results Seventeen patients were in the “Normal pre-op” group. In all patients (except for two patients), the hip status remained normal after the SDR. Twenty patients were in the “Abnormal pre-op” group. In this group, only two patients returned to normal hips, whereas 11 patients required orthopaedic hip surgery within 5 years after the SDR. The remaining seven patients had hip subluxation, but not to the extent of hip dislocation. The preoperative hip radiological measurements and functional status were positively correlated with the postoperative hip status. The preoperative radiological measurements showed superior predictive value when other covariance were considered. No difference of outcome existed in regard to the different surgical approaches of SDR. Conclusion Selective dorsal rhizotomy has a neutral effect on hip development. The preoperative hip radiological measurement is the most important predictive factor to determine hip status after SDR. Good collaboration between neurosurgeons and paediatric orthopaedists is essential for the best management of these patients.
Turbulence spectra in smooth- and rough-wall pipe flow at extreme Reynolds numbers
Authors: Rosenberg B. J. , Hultmark M. , Vallikivi M. , Bailey S. C. C. , Smits A. J. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractWell-resolved streamwise velocity spectra are reported for smooth- and rough-wall turbulent pipe flow over a large range of Reynolds numbers. The turbulence structure far from the wall is seen to be unaffected by the roughness, in accordance with Townsend’s Reynolds number similarity hypothesis. Moreover, the energy spectra within the turbulent wall region follow the classical inner and outer scaling behaviour. While an overlap region between the two scalings and the associated${ k}_{x}^{- 1} $law are observed near${R}^{+ } \approx 3000$, the${ k}_{x}^{- 1} $behaviour is obfuscated at higher Reynolds numbers due to the evolving energy content of the large scales (the very-large-scale motions, or VLSMs). We apply a semi-empirical correction (del Álamo & Jiménez,J. Fluid Mech., vol. 640, 2009, pp. 5–26) to the experimental data to estimate how Taylor’s frozen field hypothesis distorts the pseudo-spatial spectra inferred from time-resolved measurements. While the correction tends to suppress the long wavelength peak in the logarithmic layer spectrum, the peak nonetheless appears to be a robust feature of pipe flow at high Reynolds number. The inertial subrange develops around${R}^{+ } \gt 2000$where the characteristic${ k}_{x}^{- 5/ 3} $region is evident, which, for high Reynolds numbers, persists in the wake and logarithmic regions. In the logarithmic region, the streamwise wavelength of the VLSM peak scales with distance from the wall, which is in contrast to boundary layers, where the superstructures have been shown to scale with boundary layer thickness throughout the entire shear layer. Moreover, the similarity in the streamwise wavelength scaling of the large- and very-large-scale motions supports the notion that the two are physically interdependent.
Diffusiophoresis of colloidal particles in neutral solute gradients at finite Péclet number
Authors: Khair Aditya S. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe role of neutral solute advection on the diffusiophoretic motion of colloidal particles is quantified. Theoretical analyses of this phenomenon usually assume that the solute concentration evolves solely via diffusion; that is, the Péclet number ($\mathit{Pe}$) for solute transport is identically zero. This leads to the conclusion that the translational diffusiophoretic velocity of a colloid is independent of its size, shape, and orientation with respect to the imposed solute gradient, provided that the colloid has uniform surface properties and that the length scale of interaction between the solute and the particle surface is much smaller than the particle size (Morrison, J. Colloid Interface Sci. vol. 34, 1970, p. 210). For a single spherical colloid, we show that the particle velocity decreases monotonically with increasing $\mathit{Pe}$. Moreover, the solute concentration and fluid flow around the colloid become markedly fore–aft asymmetric as $\mathit{Pe}$ is increased. Next, an asymptotic expansion at small $\mathit{Pe}$ predicts that solute advection leads to relative phoretic motion between two identical spherical colloids, which ultimately align in a plane normal to the imposed gradient (there is no relative motion at $\mathit{Pe}= 0$). Finally, asymptotic analysis of the diffusiophoretic motion of a slightly non-spherical colloid at small $\mathit{Pe}$ demonstrates that advection leads to a shape- and orientation-dependent particle velocity, in contrast to the insensitivity of the velocity to shape and orientation at $\mathit{Pe}= 0$.
Experiments on gravity currents propagating on different bottom slopes
Authors: Dai Albert 
Published: August 2013

AbstractExperiments for gravity currents generated from an instantaneous buoyancy source propagating on an inclined boundary in the slope angle range ${0}^{\circ } \leq \theta \leq {9}^{\circ } $ are reported. While the flow patterns for gravity currents on $\theta = {6}^{\circ } , {9}^{\circ } $ are qualitatively different from those on $\theta = {0}^{\circ } $, similarities are observed in the acceleration phase for the flow patterns between $\theta = {2}^{\circ } $ and $\theta = {6}^{\circ } , {9}^{\circ } $ and in the deceleration phase, the patterns for gravity currents on $\theta = {2}^{\circ } $ are found similar to those on $\theta = {0}^{\circ } $. Previously, it was known that the front location history in the deceleration phase obeys a power-relationship, which is essentially an asymptotic form of the solution to thermal theory. We showed that this power-relationship applies only in the early stage of the deceleration phase, and when gravity currents propagate into the later stage of the deceleration phase, viscous effects become more important and the front location data deviate from this relationship. When the power-relationship applies, it is found that at $\theta = {9}^{\circ } $, ${u}_{f} {({x}_{f} + {x}_{0} )}^{1/ 2} / {{ B}_{0}^{\prime } }^{1/ 2} \approx 2. 8{ 8}_{- 0. 17}^{+ 0. 19} $, which changes to $2. 8{ 6}_{- 0. 13}^{+ 0. 13} $ at $\theta = {6}^{\circ } $, $2. 5{ 4}_{- 0. 07}^{+ 0. 08} $ at $\theta = {2}^{\circ } $, and $1. 5{ 1}_{- 0. 07}^{+ 0. 07} $ on a horizontal boundary, where ${u}_{f} $ is the front velocity, $({x}_{f} + {x}_{0} )$ is the front location measured from the virtual origin, and ${ B}_{0}^{\prime } $ is the released buoyancy. Our results indicate that in the slope angle range ${6}^{\circ } \leq \theta \leq {9}^{\circ } $, the asymptotic relationship between the front velocity and front location in the deceleration phase is not sensitive to the variation of slope angle. In the late deceleration phase when the front location data deviate from the power-relationship, we found that the flow patterns for $\theta = {6}^{\circ } , {9}^{\circ } $ are dramatically different from those for $\theta = {0}^{\circ } , {2}^{\circ } $. For high slope angles, i.e. $\theta = {6}^{\circ } , {9}^{\circ } $, the edge of the gravity current head experiences a large upheaval and enrolment by ambient fluid towards the end of the deceleration phase, while for low slope angles, i.e. $\theta = {0}^{\circ } , {2}^{\circ } $, the gravity current head maintains a more streamlined shape without violent mixing with ambient fluid throughout the course of gravity current propagation. Our findings indicate two plausible routes to the finale of a gravity current event.
Rise in optimized capillary channels
Authors: Figliuzzi B. , Buie C. R. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractMany technological applications rely on the phenomenon of wicking flow induced by capillarity. However, despite a continuing interest in the subject, the influence of the capillary geometry on the wicking dynamics remains underexploited. In numerous applications, the ability to promote wicking in a capillary is a key issue. In this article, a model describing the capillary rise of a liquid in a capillary of varying circular cross-section is presented. The wicking dynamics is described by an ordinary differential equation with a term dependent upon the shape of the capillary channel. Using optimal control theory, we were able to design optimized capillaries which promote faster wicking than uniform cylinders. Numerical simulations show that the height of the rising liquid was up to 50 % greater with the optimized shapes than with a uniform cylinder of optimal radius. Experiments on specially designed capillaries with silicone oil show a good agreement with the theory. The methods presented can be useful in the design and optimization of systems employing capillary-driven transport including micro-heat pipes or oil extracting devices.
Inheritance of Cry1F resistance, cross-resistance and frequency of resistant alleles inSpodoptera frugiperda(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Vélez A.M. , Spencer T.A. , Alves A.P. , Moellenbeck D. , Meagher R.L. , Chirakkal H. , Siegfried B.D. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractTransgenic maize,Zea maizeL., expressing the Cry1F protein fromBacillus thuringiensishas been registered forSpodoptera frugiperda(J. E. Smith) control since 2003. Unexpected damage to Cry1F maize was reported in 2006 in Puerto Rico and Cry1F resistance inS. frugiperdawas documented. The inheritance of Cry1F resistance was characterized in aS. frugiperdaresistant strain originating from Puerto Rico, which displayed >289-fold resistance to purified Cry1F. Concentration–response bioassays of reciprocal crosses of resistant and susceptible parental populations indicated that resistance is recessive and autosomal. Bioassays of the backcross of the F1generation crossed with the resistant parental strain suggest that a single locus is responsible for resistance. In addition, cross-resistance to Cry1Aa, Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry1Ba, Cry2Aa and Vip3Aa was assessed in the Cry1F-resistant strain. There was no significant cross-resistance to Cry1Aa, Cry1Ba and Cry2Aa, although only limited effects were observed in the susceptible strain. Vip3Aa was highly effective against susceptible and resistant insects indicating no cross-resistance with Cry1F. In contrast, low levels of cross-resistance were observed for both Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac. Because the resistance is recessive and conferred by a single locus, an F1screening assay was used to measure the frequency of Cry1F-resistant alleles from populations of Florida and Texas in 2010 and 2011. A total frequency of resistant alleles of 0.13 and 0.02 was found for Florida and Texas populations, respectively, indicating resistant alleles could be found in US populations, although there have been no reports of reduced efficacy of Cry1F-expressing plants.
Competition between honeydew producers in an ant–hemipteran interaction may enhance biological control of an invasive pest
Authors: Tena A. , Hoddle C.D. , Hoddle M.S. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAsian citrus psyllid,Diaphorina citriKuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae), is an invasive citrus pest in southern California, which secretes honeydew and has the potential to spread a lethal bacterial disease, huanglongbing, of citrus. In urban citrus, Argentine ant,Linepithema humile(Mayr) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), also an invasive pest, tends honeydew-producing hemipterans. We used field data to determine whether the mutualistic relationship betweenL. humileand six established species of honeydew producers may hinder or favor the establishment ofD. citriand its biological control withTamarixia radiata(Waterston) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) in citrus via competition or mutualism for ants, respectively. In the field,L. humileandD. citriare engaged in a mutualistic relationship. Ants harvest solid honeydew secreted by psyllid nymphs and tended more than 55% of observedD. citricolonies.Linepithema humiledisplayed a preference hierarchy when tending honeydew producers infesting citrus. It responded equally or less intensively toD. citrithan to other honeydew-producing species. Consequently, the mutualism betweenL. humileandD. citriwas affected by the presence of other honeydew-producing species, and the percentage ofD. citricolonies tended byL. humile. The number of ants perD. citricolony also decreased as the number of other honeydew producers increased.Diaphorina citridensity was also affected by the presence of other honeydew producers. Both colony size and the number ofD. citrinymphs counted per tree decreased as the number of other honeydew producers increased. Our results indicate that competition between honeydew producers for the mutualist antL. humilemay hinder the establishment ofD. citriby possibly facilitating increased biological control.
Healing stories: Narrative characteristics in cancer survivorship narratives and psychological health among hematopoietic stem cell transplant survivors
Authors: Benish-Weisman Maya , Wu Lisa M. , Weinberger-Litman Sarah L. , Redd William H. , Duhamel Katherine N. , Rini Christine 
Published: August 2013

AbstractObjectives:Survivors of hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) have experienced a life threatening and potentially traumatic illness and treatment that make them vulnerable to long lasting negative psychological outcomes, including anxiety and depression. Nevertheless, studies show that overcoming cancer and its treatment can present an opportunity for personal growth and psychological health (reduced symptoms of anxiety and depression and high levels of emotional well-being) through resilience. However, research has not yet clarified what differentiates HSCT survivors who experience psychological growth from those who do not. By analyzing recovery narratives, we examined whether HSCT survivors’ interpretation of their experiences helps explain differences in their post-treatment psychological health.Methods:Guided by narrative psychology theory, we analyzed the narratives of 23 HSCT survivors writing about their experience of cancer treatment. Psychological health was measured by: (1) emotional well-being subscale part of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy Bone Marrow Transplant (FACT-BMT), (2) depression, and (3) anxiety subscales of the Brief Symptom Inventory.Results:Findings revealed a positive relation between psychological health and a greater number of redemption episodes (going from an emotionally negative life event to an emotionally positive one) as well as fewer negative emotional expressions.Significance of the results:Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed, showing how narratives can inform interventions to assist cancer survivors with their psychological recovery.
A Generic Integrated Physiologically based Whole‐body Model of the Glucose‐Insulin‐Glucagon Regulatory System
Authors: Schaller S , Willmann S , Lippert J , Schaupp L , Pieber TR , Schuppert A , Eissing T 
Published: August 2013

Models of glucose metabolism are a valuable tool for fundamental and applied medical research in diabetes. Use cases range from pharmaceutical target selection to automatic blood glucose control. Standard compartmental models represent little biological detail, which hampers the integration of multiscale data and confines predictive capabilities. We developed a detailed, generic physiologically based whole‐body model of the glucose‐insulin‐glucagon regulatory system, reflecting detailed physiological properties of healthy populations and type 1 diabetes individuals expressed in the respective parameterizations. The model features a detailed representation of absorption models for oral glucose, subcutaneous insulin and glucagon, and an insulin receptor model relating pharmacokinetic properties to pharmacodynamic effects. Model development and validation is based on literature data. The quality of predictions is high and captures relevant observed inter‐ and intra‐individual variability. In the generic form, the model can be applied to the development and validation of novel diabetes treatment strategies.CPT: Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology (2013) 2, e65; doi:10.1038/psp.2013.40; published online 14 August 2013
Basic Concepts in Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling in Drug Discovery and Development
Authors: Jones HM , Rowland‐Yeo K 
Published: August 2013

The aim of this tutorial is to introduce the concept of physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling to individuals in the pharmaceutical industry who may be relatively new to this area and to demonstrate application of this approach in a preclinical and clinical setting. The tutorial provides some background on PBPK models and their data requirements, introduces strategies for PBPK modeling in drug development, and includes a discussion on regulatory considerations and potential resource issues.CPT: Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology (2013) 2, e63; doi:10.1038/psp.2013.41; published online 14 August 2013
Deep subwavelength fourfold rotationally symmetric split-ring-resonator metamaterials for highly sensitive and robust biosensing platform
Authors: Tobing Landobasa Y. M. , Tjahjana Liliana , Zhang Dao Hua , Zhang Qing , Xiong Qihua 
Published: August 2013

AbstractMetamaterials provide a good platform for biochemical sensing due to its strong field localization at nanoscale. In this work, we show that electric and magnetic resonant modes in split-ring-resonator (SRR) can be efficiently excited under unpolarized light illumination when the SRRs are arranged in fourfold rotationally symmetric lattice configuration. The fabrication and characterization of deep subwavelength (~λ/15) gold-based SRR structures with resonator size as small as ~ 60 nm are reported with magnetic resonances in Vis-NIR spectrum range. The feasibility for sensing is demonstrated with refractive index sensitivity as high as ~ 636 nm/RIU.
Discrete chirp‐Fourier transform‐based acquisition algorithm for weak global positioning system L5 signals in high dynamic environments
Authors: Fan Bo , Zhang Kai , Qin Yuliang , Wang Hongqiang , Xiao Huaitie 
Published: August 2013

For the acquisition of weak global positioning system L5 signals in high dynamic environments, coherent integration time is necessarily extended for signal‐to‐noise ratio improvement. However, the incidental problems, such as high‐rate sign transitions, tiered codes and particularly the concurrence of Doppler shift and Doppler rate, will bring challenges to the acquisition. This study proposes a novel acquisition algorithm based on the discrete chirp‐Fourier transform (DCFT) to solve the problems above. The 1 ms complex correlation is modelled as a chirp signal to account for high dynamics effect. Then the DCFT is introduced to simultaneously estimate the Doppler shift and Doppler rate residuals. In this way, the 1 ms complex correlations are coherently post‐integrated and a high processing gain can be obtained when both the primary and secondary code phases are aligned. Furthermore, the false alarm and detection probabilities are derived to statistically characterise the acquisition performance. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is tolerant of high dynamics and robust to noise. Specifically, it can acquire the L5 signal with up to 20 g acceleration and only 25 dB Hz carrier‐to‐noise ratio, which is impossible for the conventional fast Fourier transform scheme.