bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Dynamical Approach Toward Understanding Mechanisms of Team Science: Change, Kinship, Tension, and Heritage in a Transdisciplinary Team
Authors: Lotrecchiano Gaetano R. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractSince the concept of team science gained recognition among biomedical researchers, social scientists have been challenged with investigating evidence of team mechanisms and functional dynamics within transdisciplinary teams. Identification of these mechanisms has lacked substantial research using grounded theory models to adequately describe their dynamical qualities. Research trends continue to favor the measurement of teams by isolating occurrences of production over relational mechanistic team tendencies. This study uses a social constructionist‐grounded multilevel mixed methods approach to identify social dynamics and mechanisms within a transdisciplinary team. A National Institutes of Health—funded research team served as a sample. Data from observations, interviews, and focus groups were qualitatively coded to generate micro/meso level analyses. Social mechanisms operative within this biomedical scientific team were identified. Dynamics that support such mechanisms were documented and explored. Through theoretical and emergent coding, four social mechanisms dominated in the analysis—change, kinship, tension, and heritage. Each contains relational social dynamics. This micro/meso level study suggests such mechanisms and dynamics are key features of team science and as such can inform problems of integration, praxis, and engagement in teams.
Construction of a US Fibromyalgia Registry Using the Fibromyalgia Research Survey Criteria
Authors: Whipple Mary O. , McAllister Samantha J. , Oh Terry H. , Luedtke Connie A. , Toussaint Loren L. , Vincent Ann 
Published: April 2013

AbstractUtilizing billing records, we identified patients seen at Mayo Clinic with a diagnosis or history of fibromyalgia who were then contacted for enrollment in a fibromyalgia research registry. Fibromyalgia was confirmed through medical record review. Eligible patients were mailed an invitation that included a demographic questionnaire and the Fibromyalgia Research Survey. The Fibromyalgia Research Survey yields a widespread pain score (scale range 0–19) and a symptom severity score (scale range 0–12). A total of 4,034 patients returned the completed survey; 92.8% were female, their mean age was 57.4 (±13.4), and 83.7% were from the Midwest region of the United States. The mean widespread pain score for all participants was 11.3 (±4.5) and the mean symptom severity score was 8.2 (±2.4), indicating moderate‐to‐severe fibromyalgia symptoms, which is not unusual for patients presenting to a tertiary care center. Using a systematic process, we describe the creation of a fibromyalgia registry for future research.
Rate of Change of Carotid Intima‐Media Thickness with Magnesium Administration in Abcc6−/− Mice
Authors: Kupetsky Erine A. , Rincon Fred , Uitto Jouni 
Published: April 2013

AbstractPseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE), caused by mutations in the ABCC6 gene, demonstrates progressive build‐up of calcium phosphate and proteoglycans in the skin, eye, and arteries, and is associated to myocardial infarctions, stroke, blindness, and elevated carotid intima‐media thickness (CIMT). Although CIMT reduction with magnesium (Mg) has been documented in a mouse model for PXE (Abcc6−/−), it is not clear if Mg is effective in humans with PXE to reduce CIMT. To examine this, we calculated the rate of change of CIMT (washout) in 15‐ and 12‐month‐old Abcc6−/− mice fed standard rodent diet with or without Mg supplementation for 2 months. Using means in untreated 15‐ and 12‐month‐old Abcc6−/− mice (145 and 120 μm, respectively), the rate of change was 8.3 μm/month. Using means in treated 15‐ and 12‐month‐old Abcc6−/− mice (118 and 104.6 μm, respectively), the rate of change was 4.5 μm. Compared to normal progression of CIMT in humans without PXE, PXE has advanced atherosclerosis and possibly a higher CIMT rate of change. This experiment may portend, at least in PXE, the rationale for a 1‐year oral Mg CIMT clinical trial and may be useful for application in other progressive mineralizing disorders like atherosclerosis.
Drug Design and Discovery: Translational Biomedical Science Varies Among Countries
Authors: Weaver Ian N. , Weaver Donald F. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractDrug design and discovery is an innovation process that translates the outcomes of fundamental biomedical research into therapeutics that are ultimately made available to people with medical disorders in many countries throughout the world. To identify which nations succeed, exceed, or fail at the drug design/discovery endeavor—more specifically, which countries, within the context of their national size and wealth, are “pulling their weight” when it comes to developing medications targeting the myriad of diseases that afflict humankind—we compiled and analyzed a comprehensive survey of all new drugs (small molecular entities and biologics) approved annually throughout the world over the 20‐year period from 1991 to 2010. Based upon this analysis, we have devised prediction algorithms to ascertain which countries are successful (or not) in contributing to the worldwide need for effective new therapeutics.
Partnership between CTSI and Business Schools Can Promote Best Practices for Core Facilities and Resources
Authors: Reeves Lilith , Dunn‐Jensen Linda M. , Baldwin Timothy T. , Tatikonda Mohan V. , Cornetta Kenneth 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBiomedical research enterprises require a large number of core facilities and resources to supply the infrastructure necessary for translational research. Maintaining the financial viability and promoting efficiency in an academic environment can be particularly challenging for medical schools and universities. The Indiana Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute sought to improve core and service programs through a partnership with the Indiana University Kelley School of Business. The program paired teams of Masters of Business Administration students with cores and programs that self‐identified the need for assistance in project management, financial management, marketing, or resource efficiency. The projects were developed by CTSI project managers and business school faculty using service‐learning principles to ensure learning for students who also received course credit for their participation. With three years of experience, the program demonstrates a successful partnership that improves clinical research infrastructure by promoting business best practices and providing a valued learning experience for business students.
Promotion and Tenure for Community‐Engaged Research: An Examination of Promotion and Tenure Support for Community‐Engaged Research at Three Universities Collaborating through a Clinical and Translational Science Award
Authors: Marrero David G. , Hardwick Emily J. , Staten Lisa K. , Savaiano Dennis A. , Odell Jere D. , Comer Karen Frederickson , Saha Chandan 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIntroductionCommunity‐engaged health research, an approach to research which includes the participation of communities, promotes the translation of research to address and improve social determinants of health. As a way to encourage community‐engaged research, the National Institutes of Health required applicants to the Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) to include a community engagement component. Although grant‐funding may support an increase in community‐engaged research, faculties also respond to the rewards and demands of university promotion and tenure standards. This paper measures faculty perception of how three institutions funded by a CTSA support community‐engaged research in the promotion and tenure process.MethodsAt three institutions funded by a CTSA, tenure track and nontenure track faculty responded to a survey regarding perceptions of how promotion and tenure committees value community‐engaged research.ResultsFaculty view support for community‐engaged research with some reserve. Only 36% agree that community‐engaged research is valued in the promotion and tenure process.DiscussionEncouraging community‐engaged scholarship requires changing the culture and values behind promotion and tenure decisions. Institutions will increase community‐engaged research and more faculty will adopt its principles, when it is rewarded by promotion and tenure committees.
Specific characteristics of spontaneous movements in preterm infants at term age are associated with developmental delays at age 3 years
Authors: Kanemaru Nao , Watanabe Hama , Kihara Hideki , Nakano Hisako , Takaya Rieko , Nakamura Tomohiko , Nakano Junji , Taga Gentaro , Konishi Yukuo 
Published: April 2013

AimThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the characteristics of spontaneous movements in preterm infants at term age and developmental delay at 3 years of age.MethodWe analysed video recordings of the spontaneous movements in the supine position of 124 preterm infants (44 males, 80 females) at 36 to 44 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA). The infants were born preterm (22–36wks PMA; birthweight 489–1696g) and had not received a diagnosis of a neurological or developmental disorder by the age of 3 years. The recorded spontaneous movements were quantified using six movement indices, which were calculated from two‐dimensional trajectories of all limbs. The infants were divided into three developmental groups, normal, borderline, or delayed, based on their developmental quotient as calculated using the Kyoto Scale of Psychological Development 2001 (Kyoto Scale) at 3 years of age. Group differences in the movement indices were analysed.ResultsIn the delayed group, average velocity of arms and legs were significantly lower (p<0.05 and p<0.01 respectively), the numbers of movement units of arms and legs were significantly lower (p<0.05 and p<0.01 respectively), kurtosis of acceleration of arms and legs was significantly higher (p<0.05 in each case), and correlation between limb velocities was higher (p<0.05) than in the normal group.InterpretationIn children who exhibited developmental delay at 3 years of age, the spontaneous movements at term age can be described as less active with intermittent occurrences of abrupt and synchronized movements of the limbs. Recognition of these characteristics of spontaneous movements at term age may be used as a predictor for subsequent cognitive and behavioural development in preterm infants.
Prognostic Role of Myocardial Performance Index on Long‐Term Survival after Heart Transplantation: A Prospective Study
Authors: Frea Simone , Capriolo Michele , Bergamasco Laura , Iacovino Cristina , Quaglia Francesca Calì , Ribezzo Marco , Marra Walter Grosso , Boffini Massimo , Rinaldi Mauro , Morello Mara , Gaita Fiorenzo 
Published: April 2013

The survival rate of heart transplant patients is increasing, underlying the need for accurate predictors of adverse events during clinical follow‐up. Myocardial performance index (MPI) is a Doppler‐derived index of combined systolic and diastolic function: we assessed the prognostic role of MPI in survival of patients >1 year after heart transplantation (HT). A total of 152 consecutive HT patients referred to our institution were enrolled in this prospective study. Primary endpoints were cardiac death and a composite of major adverse cardiac events (MACE). During follow‐up (69 ± 22 months), 68 (44.7%) patients had an adverse event and 20 (13.15%) patients died. Patients with MACE during follow‐up showed lower EF (57.3 ± 9.3 vs. 63 ± 6.1; P < 0.001) and higher MPI (0.45 ± 0.19 vs. 0.31 ± 0.13; P < 0.001) at enrolment. MPI and EF were independently related to MACE (OR = 2.2; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01–5.1; and OR = 6.6; 95% CI = 3.5–11.2, respectively) and showed strong diagnostic power (MPI: receiver operating characteristic [ROC] area = 79%, with 79% sensitivity and 81% specificity; EF: ROC area = 77%, with 54% sensitivity and 91% specificity) in the subsequent year. Patients with EF > 50% and MPI < 0.45 at enrolment showed 75% event‐free survival 5 years after HT. In HT patients, MPI combined with EF was an accurate means of predicting long‐term adverse events.
Effects of climate warming on host–parasitoid interactions
Authors: JEFFS CHRISTOPHER T. , LEWIS OWEN T. 
Published: April 2013

Parasitoids are key regulators of the population dynamics of their arthropod hosts, are integral to the structure and dynamics of food webs, and provide ecosystem services by suppressing agricultural pests. Despite their ecological and functional importance, relatively few studies have considered the effects of a warming climate on host–parasitoid interactions.
The three primary modes through which parasitoids might respond to a warming climate are by (i) shifting distributions into cooler environments, (ii) altering phenology, and (iii) adjusting to persist in situ through phenotypic plasticity or evolutionary adaptation.
Here, we focus on examples of altered distributions and phenology in response to climate warming. We suggest that the responses of parasitoids to elevated temperatures and the population dynamic consequences for their hosts will be linked to two key traits: the dispersal ability of both partners, and the host specificity of parasitoids.
Effects of climate warming on host–parasitoid interactions will be complicated by interactions with other co‐occurring environmental changes, such as elevated carbon dioxide and nitrogen, and to interactions with competitors, mutualists, and antagonists. These factors will complicate efforts to generate predictive models of host–parasitoid interactions, for example in the context of the ecosystem service of biological pest control.
Striatal modulation of BDNF expression using microRNA124a‐expressing lentiviral vectors impairs ethanol‐induced conditioned‐place preference and voluntary alcohol consumption
Authors: Bahi Amine , Dreyer Jean‐Luc 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAlcohol abuse is a major health, economic and social concern in modern societies, but the exact molecular mechanisms underlying ethanol addiction remain elusive. Recent findings show that small non‐coding microRNA (miRNA) signaling contributes to complex behavioral disorders including drug addiction. However, the role of miRNAs in ethanol‐induced conditioned‐place preference (CPP) and voluntary alcohol consumption has not yet been directly addressed. Here, we assessed the expression profile of miR124a in the dorsal striatum of rats upon ethanol intake. The results show that miR124a was downregulated in the dorso‐lateral striatum (DLS) following alcohol drinking. Then, we identified brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) as a direct target of miR124a. In fact, BDNF mRNA was upregulated following ethanol drinking. We used lentiviral vector (LV) gene transfer technology to further address the role of miR124a and its direct target BDNF in ethanol‐induced CPP and alcohol consumption. Results reveal that stereotaxic injection of LV‐miR124a in the DLS enhances ethanol‐induced CPP as well as voluntary alcohol consumption in a two‐bottle choice drinking paradigm. Moreover, miR124a‐silencer (LV‐siR124a) as well as LV‐BDNF infusion in the DLS attenuates ethanol‐induced CPP as well as voluntary alcohol consumption. Importantly, LV‐miR124a, LV‐siR124a and LV‐BDNF have no effect on saccharin and quinine intake. Our findings indicate that striatal miR124a and BDNF signaling have crucial roles in alcohol consumption and ethanol conditioned reward.
Effect of metalloporphyrins on red autofluorescence from oral bacteria
Authors: Volgenant Catherine M. C. , van der Veen Monique H. , de Soet Johannes J. , ten Cate Jacob M. 
Published: April 2013

The aim of this study was to assess the red autofluorescence from bacterial species related to dental caries and periodontitis in the presence of different nutrients in the growth medium. Bacteria were grown anaerobically on tryptic soy agar (TSA) supplemented with nutrients, including magnesium‐porphyrins from spinach and iron‐porphyrins from heme. The autofluorescence was then assessed at 405 nm excitation. On the TSA without additives, no autofluorescence was observed from any of the species tested. On the TSA containing sheep blood, red autofluorescence was observed only from Parvimonas micra. When the TSA was supplemented with blood, hemin, and vitamin K, red autofluorescence was observed from Actinomyces naeslundii, Bifidobacterium dentium, and Streptococcus mutans. Finally, on the TSA supplemented with spinach extract, red autofluorescence was observed from Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, A. naeslundii, Enterococcus faecalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Lactobacillus salivarius, S. mutans, and Veillonella parvula. We conclude that the bacteria related to dental caries and periodontal disease exhibit red autofluorescence. The autofluorescence characteristics of the tested strains depended on the nutrients present, such as metalloporphyrins, suggesting that the metabolic products of the oral biofilm could be responsible for red autofluorescence.
Turning the Switch: An Evaluation of the Minimum Wage in the German Electrical Trade Using Repeated Natural Experiments
Authors: Boockmann Bernhard , Krumm Raimund , Rattenhuber Pia , Neumann Michael 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
The introduction, abolition and subsequent re-introduction of the minimum wage in the German electrical trade gave rise to series of natural experiments, which are used to study minimum wage effects. We find similar impacts in all three cases on wages, employment and the receipt of public welfare benefits. Average wages are raised by the minimum wage in East Germany, but there is almost no evidence for employment effects. The results also show that the wage effect is quickly undone after the abolition of the minimum wage.
Effect of application timing and grass height on the nitrogen fertilizer replacement value of cattle slurry applied with a trailing‐shoe application system
Authors: Lalor S. T. J. , Schröder J. J. , Lantinga E. A. , Schulte R. P. O. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis study investigated the effect of using a trailing‐shoe system to apply cattle slurry, under different conditions of grass height (low [LG]: freshly cut sward [4–5 cm height] vs. high [HG]: application delayed by 7–19 d and applied to taller grass sward [4–11 cm] height) and month of application (June vs. April), on the nitrogen fertilizer replacement value (NFRV) and apparent N recovery (ANRS) of cattle slurry applied to grassland. NFRV was calculated using two methods: (i) NFRVN based on the apparent recovery of slurry‐N relative to that of mineral‐N fertilizer; and (ii) NFRVDM based on DM yield. The effect of applying slurry into HG swards, relative to LG swards, decreased the DM yield by 0·47 t ha−1 (P ≤ 0·001), N uptake by 5 kg ha−1 (P = 0·05), ANRS by 0·05 kg kg−1 (P = 0·036), NFRVN by 0·05 kg kg−1 (P = 0·090) and NFRVDM by 0·11 kg kg−1 (P < 0·001). It was concluded that the main factor causing these decreases with HG, compared with LG applications, was wheel damage affecting subsequent N uptake and growth of the taller grass sward.
Clinical efficacy of combination therapy with ME3738 and pegylated interferon‐alpha‐2a in patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 1
Authors: Saibara Toshiji , Enomoto Nobuyuki , Kaneko Shuichi , Chayama Kazuaki , Sata Michio , Imawari Michio , Onishi Saburo , Okita Kiwamu 
Published: April 2013

AimME3738, a derivative of soyasapogenol B, enhances the anti‐hepatitis C virus (HCV) effect of interferon in an in vitro replication system and an in vivo mouse model of HCV infection. ME3738 plus pegylated interferon (PEG IFN)‐α‐2a treatment for 12 weeks decreased HCV RNA levels in enrolled late virus responder (LVR) patients with relapsed HCV. Half of the patients reached undetectable HCV RNA level. The present clinical study of ME3738 was conducted in naïve chronic hepatitis C patients to investigate the sustained virological response (SVR) and safety of 48‐week treatment with ME3738 plus PEG IFN‐α‐2a.MethodsSubjects (n = 135) with genotype 1b chronic hepatitis C with high viral loads were divided into three groups (ME3738 50 mg b.i.d., 200 mg b.i.d. or 800 mg b.i.d.). ME3738 was administrated p.o. and PEG IFN‐α‐2a (180 μg/week) s.c. for 48 weeks, and SVR was assessed at 24 weeks of treatment‐free follow up.ResultsThe viral disappearance rates at 12 and 48 weeks were 23.0% and 48.9%, respectively. SVR was seen in 5.9% of subjects. ME3738 did not worsen the adverse reactions generally seen with PEG IFN‐α‐2a treatment, and any adverse reactions specific to ME3738 were not observed.ConclusionME3738 plus PEG IFN‐α‐2a treatment to naïve chronic hepatitis C patients showed an antiviral effect and a good safety profile up to 48 weeks. However, HCV RNA was again detected in many subjects after treatment termination. Even though ME3738 is not enough to suppress HCV reproduction in this treatment. ME3738 was concurrently used with PEG IFN‐α‐2a treatment; however, a clear additional effect on SVR was not confirmed.
Risking Aggression: Toleration of Threat and Preventive War
Authors: Beard Matthew 
Published: April 2013

Generally speaking, just war theory (JWT) holds that there are two just causes for war: self‐defence and ‘other‐defence’. The most common type of the latter is popularly known as ‘humanitarian intervention’. There is debate, however, as to whether these can serve as just causes for preventive war. Those who subscribe to JWT tend to be unified in treating so‐called preventive war with a high degree of suspicion on the grounds that it fails to satisfy conventional criteria for jus ad bello; – particularly the just cause and last resort criteria. Francisco di Vitoria held that the only just cause for war was ‘a wrong received’, which renders impossible any justification for preventive war. There are assumptions implicit in recent military practice, however – most notably, the US‐led invasion of Iraq in 2003 – that challenge this ban on preventive war.Interestingly, both supporters and critics attempt to justify their views through the broader logic of JWT; viz., through a conception of what is good for both political communities and individuals, and through a legitimate defence of these goods. Supporters point to situations where so‐called rogue states represent ‘grave and imminent risk’ of committing acts of aggression as grounds that justify preventive war; critics argue that to attack another political community on the basis of crimes not yet committed is a breach of the very rights JWT was created to defend.The advocate of preventive war does not appreciate important aspects concerning the morality of war. In the ongoing tension between Iran and The United States and her allies – if the rhetoric is to be believed – I am asked to tolerate a threat to my security and liberty, and to risk suffering aggression in defence of the rights of the antagonistic, but not yet aggressive, state. The crucial question is how such tolerance and risk fit in with the logic of just war: at what point, if any, does the risk of being attacked become great enough to justify declaring war in anticipation?In this paper I highlight some of the theoretical and practical difficulties in determining what counts as a grave and imminent threat, focusing especially on the complicated case of ‘imminence’ in the face of so‐called ‘Weapons of Mass Destruction’. Secondly, I will argue that not only is the notion of preventive war inconsistent with the defence of the rights of political communities that JWT requires; it is also forbidden by the proportionality requirement of jus ad bellum. A risk of being subjected to aggression is the price for global peace. Whilst political communities can do much to prevent aggression and prepare themselves in case it occurs, the conditions for just war require that this prevention and preparation stop short of declaring war. We must live with a certain degree of risk in this area.