bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Both selenium deficiency and modest selenium supplementation lead to myocardial fibrosis in mice via effects on redox‐methylation balance
Authors: Metes‐Kosik Nicole , Luptak Ivan , DiBello Patricia M. , Handy Diane E. , Tang Shiow‐Shih , Zhi Hui , Qin Fuzhong , Jacobsen Donald W. , Loscalzo Joseph , Joseph Jacob 
Published: October 2012

ScopeSelenium has complex effects in vivo on multiple homeostatic mechanisms such as redox balance, methylation balance, and epigenesis, via its interaction with the methionine‐homocysteine cycle. In this study, we examined the hypothesis that selenium status would modulate both redox and methylation balance and thereby modulate myocardial structure and function.Methods and resultsWe examined the effects of selenium‐deficient (<0.025 mg/kg), control (0.15 mg/kg), and selenium‐supplemented (0.5 mg/kg) diets on myocardial histology, biochemistry and function in adult C57/BL6 mice. Selenium deficiency led to reactive myocardial fibrosis and systolic dysfunction accompanied by increased myocardial oxidant stress. Selenium supplementation significantly reduced methylation potential, DNA methyltransferase activity and DNA methylation. In mice fed the supplemented diet, inspite of lower oxidant stress, myocardial matrix gene expression was significantly altered resulting in reactive myocardial fibrosis and diastolic dysfunction in the absence of myocardial hypertrophy.ConclusionOur results indicate that both selenium deficiency and modest selenium supplementation leads to a similar phenotype of abnormal myocardial matrix remodeling and dysfunction in the normal heart. The crucial role selenium plays in maintaining the balance between redox and methylation pathways needs to be taken into account while optimizing selenium status for prevention and treatment of heart failure.
Dietary fat manipulation has a greater impact on postprandial lipid metabolism than the apolipoprotein E (epsilon) genotype–insights from the SATgenε study
Authors: Jackson Kim G. , Lockyer Stacey , Carvalho‐Wells Andrew L. , Williams Christine M. , Minihane Anne M. , Lovegrove Julie A. 
Published: October 2012

ScopeOur aim was to determine the effects of chronic dietary fat manipulation on postprandial lipaemia according to apolipoprotein (APO)E genotype.Methods and resultsMen (mean age 53 (SD 9) years), prospectively recruited for the APOE genotype (n = 12 E3/E3, n = 11 E3/E4), were assigned to a low fat (LF), high fat, high‐saturated fat (HSF), and HSF diet with 3.45 g/day docosahexaenoic acid (HSF‐DHA), each for an 8‐week period in the same order. At the end of each dietary period, a postprandial assessment was performed using a test meal with a macronutrient profile representative of that dietary intervention. A variable postprandial plasma triacylglycerol (TAG) response according to APOE genotype was evident, with a greater sensitivity to the TAG‐lowering effects of DHA in APOE4 carriers (p ≤ 0.005). There was a lack of an independent genotype effect on any of the lipid measures. In the groups combined, dietary fat manipulation had a significant impact on lipids in plasma and Svedberg flotation rate (Sf) 60–400 TAG‐rich lipoprotein fraction, with lower responses following the HSF‐DHA than HSF intervention (p < 0.05).ConclusionAlthough a modest impact of APOE genotype was observed on the plasma TAG profile, dietary fat manipulation emerged as a greater modulator of the postprandial lipid response in normolipidaemic men.
Dominant grains network and behavior of sand–silt mixtures: stress–strain modeling
Authors: Chang Ching S. , Meidani Mehrashk 
Published: October 2012

SUMMARYStress–strain modeling of sand–silt mixtures is important in the analysis and design of earth structures. In this paper, we develop a stress–strain model that can predict the behavior of sand–silt mixtures with any amount of fines content. This model is based on a micromechanics approach, which involves mean‐field assumptions. For the mixtures with low amount of fines, the mechanical behavior is dominated by sand grains network. On the other hand, for the mixtures with high amount of fines, the mechanical behavior is dominated by silt grains network. Using this concept of dominant grains network, the behavior of mixtures with any amount of fines can be predicted from knowing the behavior of sand and silt, alone. We also modeled the critical state friction angle, critical state void ratio, and elastic stiffness for the mixtures as a function of fines content. The applicability of this developed stress–strain model is shown by comparing the simulated and measured results for two different types of sand–silt mixtures with full range of fines content. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of promoter hypermethylation in fibroblast activation and fibrogenesis
Authors: Zeisberg Elisabeth M , Zeisberg Michael 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe aberrant methylation of CpG island promoters of selected genes is the prominent epigenetic mechanism by which gene transcription can be effectively silenced. Aberrant hypermethylation of a few selected genes plays an important role in facilitating fibrotic fibroblast activation and in driving fibrogenesis. Here we review mechanisms of DNA methylation and demethylation and their implications for fibroblast activation and tissue fibrosis.Copyright © 2012 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Danger‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) in acute lung injury
Authors: Tolle Leslie B , Standiford Theodore J 
Published: October 2012

AbstractDanger‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are host‐derived molecules that can function to regulate the activation of pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs). These molecules play a critical role in modulating the lung injury response. DAMPs originate from multiple sources, including injured and dying cells, the extracellular matrix, or exist as immunomodulatory proteins within the airspace and interstitium. DAMPs can function as either toll‐like receptor (TLR) agonists or antagonists, and can modulate both TLR and nod‐like receptor (NLR) signalling cascades. Collectively, this diverse group of molecules may represent important therapeutic targets in the prevention and/or treatment of acute lung injury (ALI) and its more severe form, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
The stem cell E3‐ligase Lin‐41 promotes liver cancer progression through inhibition of microRNA‐mediated gene silencing
Authors: Chen Yu‐Ling , Yuan Ray‐Hwang , Yang Wan‐Ching , Hsu Hey‐Chi , Jeng Yung‐Ming 
Published: October 2012

AbstractLin‐41 is a stem cell‐specific E3 ligase and a known target of the tumour suppressor microRNA (miRNA) let‐7. Lin‐41 was recently reported to mediate ubiquitylation and degradation of the miRNA pathway protein Ago2. We demonstrate that Lin‐41 is over‐expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Lin‐41 over‐expression correlates with high α‐fetoprotein level, high tumour grade and high tumour stage and predicts early tumour recurrence. Lin‐41 is a strong predictor of poor long‐term survival for patients with HCC. Lin‐41 knock‐down by RNA interference in HCC cell lines Huh7 and Hep3B suppressed proliferation in vitro and reduced in vivo tumour growth in NOD/SCID mice. On the other hand, over‐expression of Lin‐41 in the HCC cell line SK‐Hep1 enhanced tumourigenicity. Over‐expression and knock‐down of Lin‐41 led to inverse changes in the levels of Ago1 and Ago2 proteins. Over‐expression of Ago1 and Ago2 reduced in vivo tumour growth. Lin‐41 over‐expression suppressed let‐7 activity in HCC cell lines and expression of Lin‐41 enhanced the expression of let‐7‐regulated oncogenes c‐Myc, Lin‐28B, HMGA2 and type 1 insulin‐like growth factor receptor (IGF1R). Expression of Lin‐28B and c‐Myc enhanced the expression of Lin‐41. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and reporter assays revealed direct association of c‐Myc with the Lin‐41 promoter, resulting in transcriptional transactivation. Our results indicate that Lin‐41 plays an important role in the growth of HCC by regulating RISC complex proteins Ago1 and Ago2 to inhibit miRNA‐mediated gene silencing and promote the expression of oncogenic proteins. Lin‐41 is also a strong prognostic factor for patients with HCC. Copyright © 2012 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new dibenzoylhydrazine with insecticidal activity against Anopheles mosquito larvae
Authors: Morou Evangelia , Lirakis Manolis , Pavlidi Nena , Zotti Moises , Nakagawa Yoshiaki , Smagghe Guy , Vontas John , Swevers Luc 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBACKGROUNDDibenzoylhydrazine (DBH) compounds have been applied successfully as environmentally safe insecticides against lepidopteran larvae and ground‐dwelling coleopterans, but their potential to combat mosquito larvae is largely unknown. Here, toxicity tests of three commercial DBHs (tebufenozide, methoxyfenozide and halofenozide) and one experimental DBH (KU‐106) against larvae of Anopheles gambiae, the major vector for human malaria, are reported.RESULTSBased on calculated median larvicidal concentration (LC50) values at 5 days of treatment, KU‐106 (760 nM) showed an activity against Anopheles larvae similar to that of commercial halofenozide. Induction of the early‐late gene hr3 and docking studies of DBHs in the ligand‐binding pocket of the modelled Anopheles ecdysone receptor indicated that toxicity is caused by the activation of the ecdysone regulatory cascade causing a premature lethal moult.CONCLUSIONSAs a result of the similar toxicity exhibited by the experimental compound KU‐106 to that shown by commercial products, the present study demonstrated that the use of DBH compounds to combat harmful dipteran insects, such as mosquitoes, remains unexplored and invites further systematic toxicity tests using other derivatives of the DBH class of compounds.© 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Consequences of co‐applying insecticides and fungicides for managing Thrips tabaci (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on onion
Authors: Nault Brian A , Hsu Cynthia L , Hoepting Christine A 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackgroundInsecticides and fungicides are commonly co‐applied in a tank mix to protect onions from onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman, and foliar pathogens. Co‐applications reduce production costs, but past research shows that an insecticide's performance can be reduced when co‐applied with a fungicide. An evaluation was made of the effects of co‐applying spinetoram, abamectin and spirotetramat with commonly used fungicides, with and without the addition of a penetrating surfactant, on onion thrips control in onion fields.ResultsCo‐applications of insecticides with chlorothalonil fungicides reduced thrips control by 25–48% compared with control levels provided by the insecticides alone in three of five trials. Inclusion of a penetrating surfactant at recommended rates with the insecticide and chlorothalonil fungicide did not consistently overcome this problem. Co‐applications of insecticides with other fungicides did not interfere with thrips control.ConclusionCo‐applications of pesticides targeting multiple organisms should be examined closely to ensure that control of each organism is not compromised. To manage onion thrips in onion most effectively, insecticides should be applied with a penetrating surfactant, and should be applied separately from chlorothalonil fungicides.© 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Intramolecular and Intermolecular Magnetic Coupling Mechanism of a Dinuclear Copper(II) Complex
Authors: Li Qing , Liu Qing‐Hua , Wei Wei , Zhang Yi‐Quan , Liu Shu‐Lian , Shi Jing‐Min 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAbstract. A new dinuclear complex, [Cu2(μ1, 3‐NCS)2(Ophen)2(OH2)2], (HOphen = 1, 10‐phenanthrolin‐2‐ol) was synthesized and its crystal structure was determined by X‐ray crystallography. In the complex, the CuII ion assumes a distorted square pyramidal arrangement and the thiocyanate anion functions as bridged ligand and Ophen as capped ligand. The analysis of the crystal structure shows that there exists a π–π stacking interaction between the adjacent complexes. The theoretical calculations reveal that the magnetic coupling pathways from the thiocyanate anions bridge ligand and the π–π stacking magnetic coupling pathway resulted in the weak ferromagnetic interactions with 2J = 18.46 cm–1 and 2J = 10.46 cm–1, respectively. The calculations also display that the spin delocalization and the spin polarization occur in the bridge magnetic coupling system and the π–π stacking magnetic coupling system, and the magnetic coupling mechanism of the π–π stacking can be explained with McConnell I spin‐polarization mechanism. The fitting for the data of the variable‐temperature magnetic susceptibility with dinuclear CuII formula gave the magnetic coupling constant 2J = 2.84 cm–1 and zJ′ = 0.03 cm–1, in which the 2J = 2.84 cm–1 is attributed to the magnetic coupling from the bridge dinuclear CuII unit and the zJ′ = 0.03 cm–1 is ascribed to the π–π stacking magnetic coupling system. The study may benefit to understand the magnetic coupling mechanism of π–π stacking system.
High‐Pressure Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Ce4B14O27
Authors: Hinteregger Ernst , Perfler Lukas , Huppertz Hubert 
Published: October 2012

AbstractCe4B14O27 was synthesized under conditions of 2.6 GPa and 750 °C in a Walker‐type multianvil apparatus. The crystal structure was determined on the basis of single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction data, collected at room temperature, revealing that Ce4B14O27 is isotypic to La4B14O27. Ce4B14O27 crystallizes monoclinically with four formula units in the space group C2/c (No. 15) and the lattice parameters a = 1117.8(2), b = 640.9(2), c = 2531.7(5) pm, and β = 100.2(1)°. The three‐dimensional boron‐oxygen framework consists of [BO4]5– tetrahedra and trigonal‐planar [BO3]3– groups. The structure contains two crystallographically different cerium ions. Furthermore, Raman spectroscopy was performed on single crystals of Ce4B14O27.
Counseling Customers: Emerging Roles for Genetic Counselors in the Direct‐to‐Consumer Genetic Testing Market
Authors: Harris Anna , Kelly Susan E. , Wyatt Sally 
Published: October 2012

AbstractIndividuals now have access to an increasing number of internet resources offering personal genomics services. As the direct‐to‐consumer genetic testing (DTC GT) industry expands, critics have called for pre‐ and post‐test genetic counseling to be included with the product. Several genetic testing companies offer genetic counseling. There has been no examination to date of this service provision, whether it meets critics’ concerns and implications it may have for the genetic counseling profession. Considering the increasing relevance of genetics in healthcare, the complexity of genetic information provided by DTC GT, the mediating role of the internet in counseling, and potential conflicts of interest, this is a topic which deserves further attention. In this paper we offer a discourse analysis of ways in which genetic counseling is represented on DTC GT websites, blogs and other online material. This analysis identified four types of genetic counseling represented on the websites: the integrated counseling product; discretionary counseling; independent counseling; and product advice. Genetic counselors are represented as having the following roles: genetics educator; mediator; lifestyle advisor; risk interpreter; and entrepreneur. We conclude that genetic counseling as represented on DTC GT websites demonstrates shifting professional roles and forms of expertise in genetic counseling. Genetic counselors are also playing an important part in how the genetic testing market is taking shape. Our analysis offers important and timely insights into recent developments in the genetic counseling profession, which have relevance for practitioners, researchers and policy makers concerned with the evolving field of personal genomics.
High Serum Apolipoprotein E Determines Hypertriglyceridemic Dyslipidemias, Coronary Disease and ApoA‐I Dysfunctionality
Authors: Onat Altan , Can Günay , Örnek Ender , Ayhan Erkan , Erginel‐Ünaltuna Nihan , Murat Sani N. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe relevance of serum apolipoprotein E (apoE) levels to two hypertriglyceridemic dyslipidemias has not been clarified. We explored, in a cross‐sectional (and short‐term prospective) evaluation, the independent relationship of serum apoE to the atherogenic dyslipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia with elevated apoB (HtgB) and to apoA‐I dysfunctionality, previously shown in Turkish adults to be independent of apoE genotype. Serum apoE concentrations were measured by immunonephelometry in 1,127 middle‐aged adults. In multivariable regression analysis, apoE concentrations showed log‐linear associations with apoB and apoA‐I levels, waist circumference, independent of C‐reactive protein (CRP), homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) index and other confounders. The likelihood of atherogenic dyslipidemia and of HtgB roughly tripled per 1‐SD increment in apoE concentrations, additively to apoE genotype, HOMA, apoA‐I, CRP concentrations and waist circumference; yet apoA‐I, protective against atherogenic dyslipidemia, appeared to promote HtgB, a finding consistent with apoA‐I dysfunctionality in this setting. Each 1‐SD increment in the apoE level was moreover, associated in both genders with MetS (at OR 1.5), after adjustment for sex, age, apoB, apoA‐I and CRP, or for apoE genotypes. Circulating apoE predicted in both genders age‐adjusted prevalent and incident coronary heart disease (CHD), independent of apoE genotype and CRP (OR 1.32 [95 % CI 1.11; 1.58]). To conclude, in a general population prone to MetS, elevated apoE concentrations are strongly linked to HtgB and atherogenic dyslipidemia, irrespective of apoE genotype, are associated with MetS and CHD. Excess apoE reflects pro‐inflammatory state and likely autoimmune activation.
Large-scale volunteer computing over the Internet
Authors: Costa Fernando , Silva João Nuno , Veiga Luís , Ferreira Paulo 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Cycle sharing over the Internet has increased in popularity during the last decade, with increasingly powerful machines being made available to existing projects. In this paper, we present GiGi-MR, a framework that allows non-expert users to run CPU-intensive jobs on top of volunteer resources over the Internet. GiGi-MR has several distinctive features: it allows non-expert users to easily partition their jobs in several parallel tasks; such Bag-of-Tasks (BoT) are executed in parallel as a set of MapReduce applications; the volunteer resources that provide the best match for the tasks being executed are chosen (using attenuated bloom filters); it provides a portable checkpointing fault-tolerance mechanism based on virtualization; it does not rely exclusively on a central server (or servers) at all times (thus minimizing the bottleneck effect); it deals with malicious participants (possibly byzantine) using an efficient partial replication mechanism to validate the results obtained; and it is compatible with BOINC (one of the most popular open-source software platforms for computing using volunteered resources). We describe GiGi-MR’s architecture and evaluate its performance by executing several MapReduce applications on a wide area testbed. Furthermore, we use micro-benchmarks to assess each one of GiGi-MR’s components independently. The system’s overhead is minimal. When compared to an unmodified volunteer computing system, GiGi-MR obtains a performance increase of over 60 % in application turnaround time, while reducing the bandwidth used by an order of magnitude.
Predictive validity and diagnostic stability of mild cognitive impairment subtypes
Authors: Han Ji Won , Kim Tae Hui , Lee Seok Bum , Park Joon Hyuk , Lee Jung Jae , Huh Yoonseok , Park Jee Eun , Jhoo Jin Hyeong , Lee Dong Young , Kim Ki Woong 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackgroundMild cognitive impairment (MCI) is subclassified into four subtypes by the presence of impairment in the memory domain (amnestic vs nonamnestic) and the number of impaired cognitive domains (single vs multiple). However, predictive validity for outcomes of these criteria and the diagnostic stability of the subtypes are questionable.MethodsWe investigated the outcomes of 140 patients with MCI who participated in the baseline study of the Korean Longitudinal Study on Health and Aging and completed the 18‐month follow‐up evaluation (mean duration of follow‐up = 1.57 ± 0.24 years). We evaluated the predictive validity of the criteria using multinomial logistic regression analyses, and the diagnostic stability of MCI subtypes using annual conversion rates between subtypes.ResultsCompared with the single‐domain type (MCIs), the multiple‐domain type (MCIm) had a lower chance of reversion to normal cognition (MCIm = 10.94%, MCIs = 43.42%) and higher risk of conversion to dementia (MCIm = 23.44%, MCIs = 5.26%). The difference in the reversion rate between the multiple‐ and single‐domain type was statistically significant (odds ratio = 0.233, 95% confidence interval = 0.070–0.771, P = .017). However, neither the chance of reversion nor the risk of conversion was different between amnestic and nonamnestic subtypes. Among the 81 participants who neither converted to dementia nor reverted to normal cognition, 39 converted to different subtype (annual conversion rate = 17.74%).ConclusionsThe number of impaired cognitive domains, but not the presence of memory impairment, predicted poor outcomes in people with MCI. However, MCI subtype was diagnostically unstable.
Differential prediction of vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease in nondemented older adults within 5 years of initial testing
Authors: Brewster Paul W.H. , McDowell Ian , Moineddin Rahim , Tierney Mary C. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether neuropsychological tests and the Hachinski Ischemic Score (HIS) can differentiate incident vascular dementia (VaD) from Alzheimer's disease (AD) in nondemented older adults within 5 years of initial testing.MethodsThe Canadian Study of Health and Aging (CSHA) included three waves: CSHA‐1 (1991–1992), CSHA‐2 (1996–1997), and CSHA‐3 (2001–2002). This analysis included participants of the CSHA who (a) underwent neuropsychological testing and clinical assessment at CSHA‐2 and were determined to be nondemented, and (b) underwent diagnostic assessment at CSHA‐3. The outcome measure was CSHA‐3 diagnosis, classified as VaD (n = 22), probable or possible AD (n = 65), and all other diagnostic outcomes (n = 417). CSHA‐3 diagnosticians were blinded to CSHA‐2 test scores and diagnoses. Multinomial logistic regression with forward selection was used to determine the ability of the HIS and 15 CSHA‐2 neuropsychological tests to predict CSHA‐3 diagnostic outcome. The analysis was repeated after removing 15 AD cases with coexisting vascular disease.ResultsThe HIS and four neuropsychological tests were significant predictors of CSHA‐3 diagnostic outcome (χ2 (14) = 149.59, P < .001, R2 = 0.38). Relative to developing VaD, higher HIS (odds ratio [OR]: 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.57–0.86) and Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test immediate verbal recall scores (OR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.62–0.97) were associated with lowered odds of developing AD, whereas higher phonemic fluency scores (OR: 1.21; 95% CI: 1.02–1.17) were associated with increased odds of developing AD. Removing AD cases with vascular disease did not affect results.ConclusionsIn an epidemiological sample of nondemented participants, the HIS and two neuropsychological tests contributed to the differential prediction of VaD and AD within 5 years of initial measurement.