bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fracture Mechanics of Magnetoelectroelastic Materials and Structures: State of the Art and Prospects
Authors: Feng Wenjie , Yan Zhen , Ma Peng , Lv Chaofeng , Zhang Chuanzeng 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Magnetoelectroelastic (MEE) materials and structures have been extensively applied in MEE devices such as sensors and transducers, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and smart structures. In order to assess the strength and durability of such materials and structures, exhaustive theoretical and numerical investigations have been conducted over the past two decades. The main purpose of this paper is to present a state-of-the-art review and a critical discussion on the research of the MEE fracture mechanics. Following an introduction, the basic theory of the fracture mechanics in the linear magnetoelectroelasticity is explained with special emphasis on the constitutive equations related to different fracture modes, magnetoelectrical (ME) crack-face boundary conditions and fracture parameters for 2D plane problems. Then, the state of the art of the research on the fracture mechanics of the MEE materials and structures is reviewed and summarized, including 2D anti-plane and in-plane as well as 3D analyses under both static and dynamic loadings. The ME effects on the fracture parameters are revealed and discussed. Moreover, numerical investigations based on the finite element method (FEM), boundary element method (BEM), meshless methods and other novel methods are also reviewed for MEE fracture problems. Finally, some conclusions are drawn with several prospects to open questions and demanding future research topics. In particular, experimental observations are urgently needed to verify the validity of the theoretical predictions of the various fracture criteria. Another great challenge is to tackle the non-linear phenomena and domain switching in the fracture process zone.
High-Order Approximation to Caputo Derivative on Graded Mesh and Time-Fractional Diffusion Equation for Nonsmooth Solutions
Authors: Kumari Shweta , Singh Abhishek Kumar , Mehandiratta Vaibhav , Mehra Mani 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In this paper, a high-order approximation to Caputo-type time-fractional diffusion equations (TFDEs) involving an initial-time singularity of the solution is proposed. At first, we employ a numerical algorithm based on the Lagrange polynomial interpolation to approximate the Caputo derivative on the nonuniform mesh. The truncation error rate and the optimal grading constant of the approximation on a graded mesh are obtained as min{4−α,rα} and (4−α)/α, respectively, where α∈(0,1) is the order of fractional derivative and r≥1 is the mesh grading parameter. Using this new approximation, a difference scheme for the Caputo-type time-fractional diffusion equation on the graded temporal mesh is formulated. The scheme proves to be uniquely solvable for general r. Then, we derive the unconditional stability of the scheme on uniform mesh. The convergence of the scheme, in particular for r = 1, is analyzed for nonsmooth solutions and concluded for smooth solutions. Finally, the accuracy of the scheme is verified by analyzing the error through a few numerical examples.
A Hyperbolic Contact Surface Winkler Contact Force Model for Spherical Clearance Joints
Authors: Yao Huaibo , Liang Lei , Ma Wenlai , Zhang Huibo , Zhao Yang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Spherical clearance joints are essential for the successful deployment of space structures. When the clearance is small enough, the contacts will be considered conformal contact, which probably leads to inaccuracies in existing contact force models. To address the limitation, this paper proposes a novel hyperbolic contact surface Winkler model. First, a new fundamental formula incorporating a modified variable exponent is presented. Based on the surrogate modeling method, an optimized surrogate function for the variable coefficient is developed. In the optimization process, the finite element and response surface methods (RSMs) are introduced to improve the precision and reliability of the model. Compared with previous models, this paper organizes a detailed discussion and evaluation to validate the accuracy and application of the new proposed model, after which a dynamic example demonstrates the model's effectiveness. The results highlight the model's accuracy and practical efficacy, showing a strong correlation and minimal margin of error, especially when compared to finite element method (FEM) results. This improvement is attributed to the refined variable exponent, which accurately characterizes the relationship between contact force and penetration depth, and the optimized variable coefficient, which fine-tunes the contact force magnitude. Additionally, the model's versatility extends beyond the geometric properties of the contact bodies, offering a broad application scope. As a foundation of precise impact modeling, it is crucial to address the structural dynamic challenges inherent in high-precision space structures.
Small Bowel Obstruction Following Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Repair—Incidence and Risk Factors
Authors: Schmoke Nicholas , Cali Francesca , Wilken Terri , Midura Devin , Nemeh Christopher , Fan Weijia , Khlevner Julie , Duron Vincent 
Published: July 2024

Background Small bowel obstruction (SBO) is a known complication following congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) repair, resulting in significant morbidity and potential mortality. Our study aims to evaluate the incidence and risk factors for SBO following CDH repair. Methods A single-institution retrospective review evaluated all CDH births between January 2010 and September 2022 (n = 120). Risk factors for SBO were analyzed, including operative approach, type of repair, need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), and additional abdominal surgeries (gastrostomy tube and fundoplication). Results 120 patients were included. 16 (13%) patients developed an SBO, of which 94% were due to adhesive bands. The median time to SBO was 7.5 months. 15/16 (94%) patients required operative intervention. Need for ECMO ( P < 0.01), prior gastrostomy tube ( P < 0.01), and prior fundoplication ( P < 0.01) were associated with an increased risk of SBO, as were longer time to initial CDH repair (6 days vs 3 days; P < 0.01) and longer length of initial hospitalization (63 days vs 29 days; P = 0.01). Discussion Neonates with increased acuity of illness (ie, those requiring ECMO, additional abdominal operations, longer time to repair, and longer initial hospitalizations) appear to have an increased risk of developing adhesive SBO after CDH repair. More than 90% of patients who developed SBO required surgery.
The relationship between peripheral immune cell markers and cognitive functions in patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Karahan Aykut , Manzak Saka Işılay , Sağlam Aykut Demet , Civil Arslan Filiz , Selçuk Özmen Ezgi , Özkorumak Karagüzel Evrim 
Published: July 2024

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between peripheral immune cell markers and cognitive functions in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls. Methods Thirty-five patients diagnosed with schizophrenia with a stable course and a control group of 35 individuals matched in terms of sex, education, and age were included in this cross-sectional study. The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), and the Stroop Test were used for neuropsychological evaluation. Blood neutrophil and lymphocyte percentages, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) values were calculated. Results The female patients exhibited significantly higher NLR and neutrophil percentages than the female controls and higher NLR, neutrophil percentage, and SII than the male patients. The increased neutrophil percentages and NLR and decreased lymphocyte percentages in the female patients were significantly correlated with worsening Stroop interference and RAVLT 1 scores. Additionally, a longer duration of illness was significantly correlated with elevated NLR, SII, and neutrophil percentage and a decreased lymphocyte percentage. A higher number of previous hospitalizations was correlated with elevated SII and decreased lymphocyte percentages. Regression analysis showed a significant association between neutrophil percentages and Stroop interference scores used to evaluate attentional functions in patients with schizophrenia. Conclusions These study results suggest that gender and the course of the illness may affect NLR and SII values. An elevated neutrophil percentage may be one of the factors affecting attentional dysfunction in patients with schizophrenia. Prospective studies are now needed to verify these findings.
Psychiatrists and general practitioners perspectives on sexual wellbeing: Why it matters?
Authors: Malhi Gin S , Le Uyen , Bell Erica 
Published: July 2024

Objective Sexual wellbeing is a fundamental component of overall wellbeing and is often impacted by common psychiatric disorders such as depression. Despite this, research suggests it is underexplored in clinical practice. This preliminary study aimed to examine whether this is the case in both psychiatrists and general practitioners (GPs). Method GPs and psychiatrists completed a survey examining the exploration of various sexual wellbeing domains with patients. It included open-ended questions regarding factors that influence this exploration, whether clinicians felt this was their responsibility, and their level of training in this area. Results Clinicians who felt it was their responsibility to enquire about sexual wellbeing reported exploring it in more patients than those who did not endorse this perspective. Overall, clinicians from both specialties demonstrated a reluctance to explore most sexual wellbeing topics, and this appeared to be due to many factors including views held by clinicians themselves. Most clinicians felt they had not received adequate training in this area. Conclusions Domains of sexual wellbeing are largely underexplored by clinicians from both specialties. Educational materials and training for clinicians are needed to facilitate the exploration of this important area with patients, specifically in the context of mental health.
The impact of the first phase of the COVID-19 pandemic on referral patterns and therapeutic service provision for children and young people’s psychosocial distress in a Low-or Middle-Income Country: A service evaluation of routinely collected data from a non-government organisation operating in schools in the Western Cape, South Africa
Authors: Wilson Emma , Loades Maria E , Human Suzanne , Coetzee Bronwyne , Gericke Hermine , Laning Gerrit 
Published: July 2024

Introduction In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), including South Africa, there is a paucity of psychosocial support services. Therefore, services are often provided in schools by non-government organisations like Community Keepers (CK). The COVID-19 pandemic and resultant restrictions meant that children and young people’s (CYP) lives changed, negatively affecting their mental health. Further, organisations like CK had to change their working processes. Method This project compared routinely collected data from CK from 2019 (pre-pandemic) to 2020 (pandemic) to describe the changes that occurred in referral patterns to, and service provision by, CK. Results Both pre-pandemic and during the pandemic, most referrals of CYP were for emotional/psychological support and behavioural difficulties. In 2020, referrals for general guidance increased, whilst referrals for peer group issues and sexuality decreased. Further, CK completed more brief check-ins, provided wellbeing workshops to increased numbers of teachers, parents and CYP, and had more consultation sessions with other service providers during the pandemic. Discussion Routinely collected data from this community-based service in a LMIC context shows differences in the way that support was provided, and to whom, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Clinical implications, including the importance of increasing access to psychosocial support via technology, are included.
Long-Term Outcomes of One-Stage Combined Posteroanterior Procedure and Laminoplasty-Alone for Multilevel Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy With Concomitant Anterior and Posterior Compression: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis of 8-year Follow-Up
Authors: Qu Ruomu , Yang Yiyuan , Wang Ben , Liu Zexiang , Li Xiumao , Jiang Liang , Liu Xiaoguang , Liu Zhongjun 
Published: July 2024

Study Design Retrospective cohort study. Objective This study aimed to investigate the long-term outcomes of laminoplasty-alone (LP) and combined procedure (CP), consisting of laminoplasty and single-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion, in comparable patients who had multilevel degenerative cervical myelopathy (MDCM) with concomitant anterior and posterior compression (CAPC). Methods Consecutive MDCM patients with CAPC underwent LP or CP between 2012 and 2015 from a same surgical group were enrolled and followed up for a minimum of 8 years. Preoperative demographic, radiological, and clinical variables were collected. Propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was performed to match patients with comparable conditions. The outcomes were evaluated by postoperative Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score improvement, JOA recovery rate (JOARR) and complications. Results A total of 230 patients were included, of whom 146 underwent LP and 84 underwent CP. After PSM, 84 pairs of comparable patients were matched. The matched groups presented fair comparability in preoperative conditions. The CP group had significantly prolonged surgery time and greater blood loss. At the final follow-up, the postoperative JOA scores of LP and CP groups were 14.51 ± 1.79 and 15.47 ± 1.81 ( P < 0.001) and the JOARR were 42.5% ± 53.3% and 68.5% ± 35.4%, respectively ( P < 0.001). Three (3.6%) patients in the LP group underwent reoperations because of recurrent symptoms ( P = 0.081). Conclusion Both LP and CP demonstrated considerable long-term neurological recovery in patients with CAPC. The CP showed a significantly higher JOA improvement and JOARR. The combined decompression might be a safe and effective alternative in treating MDCM with CAPC in experienced hands.
Analyzing the L4-5 Segmental Alignment Change of Two Minimally Invasive Prone-Based Interbody Fusions
Authors: McDermott Michael R. , Rogers Michael , Prior Robert , Mixa Joseph , Garrett Jonathon , Michna Rebecca , Guiroy Alfredo , Asghar Jahangir , Paul Ronjon , Patel Ashish 
Published: July 2024

Study Design Retrospective Cohort Study. Objective Restoration of lumbar lordosis (LL) is a principal objective during spinal fusion procedures, traditionally focusing on achieving an LL within 10° of the pelvic incidence (PI). Recent studies have demonstrated a relatively constant L4-S1 alignment of 35-40° at L4-S1 and at least 15° at L4-5, regardless of PI. Based on these results, this study was created to examine the success rate of achieving a minimum of 15° at L4-5 through two differing prone-based techniques: Prone Lateral (pLLIF) and Trans Foraminal Interbody Fusion (TLIF). Methods One hundred patients with a primary single-level L4-5 interbody fusion (50 pLLIF and 50 TLIF) were retrospectively analyzed. Pre and post-operative radiographs were measured to examine the segmental change at each level in the lumbar spine and calculate the success rate for achieving a minimum L4-5 segmental lordosis of 15° at the final follow-up. Results The overall success rate of achieving an L4-5 segmental alignment >15° at the final follow-up was 70%. Prone LLIF was significantly more likely than TLIF to achieve this goal, achieving L4-5 > 15° 84% of the time vs TLIFs 56% ( P = 0.002). Prone LLIF demonstrated an average L4-5 increase of 5.6 ± 5.9° which was larger than the mean increase for TLIF 0.4 ± 3.8° ( P < 0.001). In both techniques, there was an inverse correlation between pre-operative L4-5 angle and L4-5 angle change. Conclusion Prone lateral lumbar interbody fusion demonstrates a high success rate for achieving a post-operative L4-5 angle >15° and achieves this at a higher rate than TLIF.
Prospecting for non-timber forest products by chemical analysis of four species of Lauraceae from the Amazon region of Colombia
Authors: Muñoz-Acevedo Amner , López-Camacho René , González María C. , Castillo Osnaider J. , Cervantes-Díaz Martha , Celis Marcela 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLauraceae is a family of woody plants of economic importance mainly for their commercial exploitation as timber, as well as spices/food. Nonetheless, overexploitation is causing a decline in both the population and the associated ecosystems due to the lack of sustainability strategies and knowledge of alternative ways of utilization. The focus of this research was to determine if the secondary metabolites found/identified in the volatile fractions/ethyl acetate extracts of Aniba panurensis, Nectandra cuspidata, Ocotea cymbarum and O. myriantha from the Amazon region of Colombia (Departamento de Caquetá) would be promising/interesting for industry, so that uses/exploitation other than timber could be recommended. In this work, the chemical compositions by GC–FID/MS of the volatile fractions/total extracts (by HS–SPME/SDE/maceration) of the trunk wood of these trees were determined. The results were: (i) the volatile fractions/extracts of A. panurensis were composed of 88–94% benzenoid-type aromatic esters (benzyl salicylate and benzoate); (ii) N. cuspidata contained 95% sesquiterpenes (α-copaene and α-cubebene/germacrene D) by HS–SPME, 89% oxygenated and hydrocarbonated sesquiterpenes (τ-cadinol and δ-cadinene) by SDE, and 87% sesquiterpenes and aporphine alkaloids (α-copaene/germacrene D/δ-cadinene/α-cubebene and dicentrine/dehydrodicentrine) by solvent extraction; (iii) O. cymbarum contained mainly 63% sesquiterpenes and monoterpene ethers (α-copaene/trans-calamenene and eucalyptol) by HS–SPME, 63–85% of monoterpene alcohols (α-terpineol/borneol)/hydrocarbons (α-/β-pinenes)/ethers (eucalyptol) and phenylpropanoid ethers (methyleugenol) by SDE/solvent extraction; and (iv) for O. myriantha, the constituents per family were 91% sesquiterpenes (bicyclogermacrene/germacrene D)—HS–SPME, 72% sesquiterpene alcohols and sesquiterpenes/monoterpenes (spathulenol and bicyclogermacrene/δ-3-carene)—SDE, and 69% benzenoid-type aromatic esters and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons/alcohols (benzyl salicylate and bicyclogermacrene/α-cadinol)—solvent extraction. In conclusion, the main constituents identified in the woods (volatile fractions/extracts) of the species could be isolated and sustainably used/exploitated due to their bioproperties, as well as for their fragrant properties, some of which could be harnessed by different sectors/types of industries.
Cutibacterium acnes biofilm formation is influenced by bone microenvironment, implant surfaces and bacterial internalization
Authors: Varin-Simon Jennifer , Colin Marius , Velard Frédéric , Tang-Fichaux Min , Ohl Xavier , Mongaret Céline , Gangloff Sophie C. , Reffuveille Fany 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
The bacterial persistence, responsible for therapeutic failures, can arise from the biofilm formation, which possesses a high tolerance to antibiotics. This threat often occurs when a bone and joint infection is diagnosed after a prosthesis implantation. Understanding the biofilm mechanism is pivotal to enhance prosthesis joint infection (PJI) treatment and prevention. However, little is known on the characteristics of Cutibacterium acnes biofilm formation, whereas this species is frequently involved in prosthesis infections.

Methods
In this study, we compared the biofilm formation of C. acnes PJI-related strains and non-PJI-related strains on plastic support and textured titanium alloy by (i) counting adherent and viable bacteria, (ii) confocal scanning electronic microscopy observations after biofilm matrix labeling and (iii) RT-qPCR experiments.

Results
We highlighted material- and strain-dependent modifications of C. acnes biofilm. Non-PJI-related strains formed aggregates on both types of support but with different matrix compositions. While the proportion of polysaccharides signal was higher on plastic, the proportions of polysaccharides and proteins signals were more similar on titanium. The changes in biofilm composition for PJI-related strains was less noticeable. For all tested strains, biofilm formation-related genes were more expressed in biofilm formed on plastic that one formed on titanium. Moreover, the impact of C. acnes internalization in osteoblasts prior to biofilm development was also investigated. After internalization, one of the non-PJI-related strains biofilm characteristics were affected: (i) a lower quantity of adhered bacteria (80.3-fold decrease), (ii) an increase of polysaccharides signal in biofilm and (iii) an activation of biofilm gene expressions on textured titanium disk.

Conclusion
Taken together, these results evidenced the versatility of C. acnes biofilm, depending on the support used, the bone environment and the strain.
Healthcare professionals’ perceptions of challenges in vaccine communication and training needs: a qualitative study
Authors: Holford Dawn , Anderson Emma C. , Biswas Aishmita , Garrison Amanda , Fisher Harriet , Brosset Emeline , Gould Virginia C. , Verger Pierre , Lewandowsky Stephan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Healthcare professionals (HCPs) can play an important role in encouraging patients and their caregivers to be vaccinated. The objective of this qualitative study was to investigate HCPs’ perspectives on challenges in vaccine communication and unmet training needs in this domain.

Methods
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 41 HCPs (mainly nurses and physicians) with vaccination roles (23 in England; 18 in France), gathering information on: (1) HCPs’ approach to vaccine conversations with patients; (2) Challenges of communicating about vaccines; (3) Vaccine-related training and learning resources available to HCPs, and; (4) HCPs’ training needs around vaccine communication.

Results
HCPs described a range of communication experiences that indicated insufficient time, information, and skills to confidently navigate difficult conversations with vaccine-hesitant patients. Communication skills were especially important to avoid conflict that could potentially damage the patient-provider relationship. Some HCPs interviewed had received communication training, but for most, this training was not specific to vaccination. Although general communication skills were transferable to vaccine conversations, most HCPs welcomed specific training and informational resources to support countering patients’ misconceptions or misinformation about vaccines.

Conclusions
HCPs would benefit from training tailored to address vaccine communication with patients, and this should be part of a systemic approach that also provides time and space to have effective vaccine conversations.