bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bacterial Translocation from the Gastrointestinal Tract in Various Mouse Models for Human Diabetes
Authors: Ohsugi Takeo , Maejima Kazuyoshi , Urano Toru 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBacterial translocation from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to other internal organs was examined in multiple low‐dose streptozotocin‐injected (M‐STZ), single large‐dose streptozotocin‐injected (S‐STZ), alloxan‐injected (Alloxan), and non‐obese diabetic (NOD) mice. The incidence of bacterial translocation from the GI tract to the tested organs among diabetic mice was in the order of M‐STZ mice>S‐STZ mice>NOD, Alloxan, and control mice. The injections of insulin to M‐STZ mice did not decrease the incidence of translocation. These results suggest that bacterial translocation from the GI tract in diabetic mice is not induced by diabetes.
Novel Cell Surface Antigens Expressed on Mouse Alveolar Macrophages
Authors: Yoshikawa Kazuhiro , Suzuki Yasumoto , Kawai Makoto , Fukada Masako , Yokochi Takashi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractTwo new cell surface antigens expressed on mouse alveolar macrophages were defined by rat monoclonal antibodies. One marker, AVM‐1, was detected on mouse alveolar macrophages, but it was undetectable on resident peritoneal cells, thioglycollate medium‐induced peritoneal cells, and splenic macrophages. Splenic lymphocytes, thymocytes and bone marrow cells were also AVM‐1 negative. Anti‐AVM‐1 monoclonal antibody immunoprecipitated a single polypeptide with a molecular weight of 200,000. Of particular interest was the finding that the anti‐AVM‐1 antibody could inhibit the formation of EA and EAC rosette on macrophage line cells. A second antigen (AVM‐2) was also present on alveolar macrophages. and its molecular weight was 38,000.
New Enzyme Immunoassays for Specific Assay and General Detection of Trypanosoma cruzi, Epimastigotes
Authors: Kitagawa Tsunehiro , Iwamoto Masayuki , Zhao Li‐ping , Kanbara Hiroji 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA highly specific competitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay for the epimastigote of Tulahuen strain was developed by using the usual 3 immunological reagents, a rabbit antiserum specific for T. cruzi, epimastigote of Tulahuen strain, β‐D‐galactosidase‐labeled goat anti‐rabbit immunoglobulin G and the solid‐phase cell fragments of the epimastigote of Tulahuen strain. A new method, the selected antibody enzyme immunoassay (SAEIA) which generally detected all strains of the epimastigote tested with the same working range, was developed by changing only the solid‐phase antigen to the epimastigote of Y strain among the 3 immunological reagents. Both assays permitted us to measure accurately as little as 1,000 parasites per assay tube. Scope of the SAEIA was limited to the epimastigote. Both life‐cycle forms of T. cruzi which appear in mammals, amastigote and trypomastigote, and other kinetoplastids showed low cross‐reaction values by the assay. The assay principle of the new method and a preliminary study to apply the SAEIA for finding the field T. cruzi‐infected insect vectors were also reported.
Serial Observations of Chronic Rotavirus Infection in an Immunodeficient Child
Authors: Oishi Isao , Kimura Teruo , Murakami Tsukasa , Haruki Kosuke , Yamazaki Kenji , Seto Yoshiyuki , Minekawa Yoshiichi , Funamoto Hitokazu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractChronic rotavirus infection of an infant with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) was studied by virological examinations in association with long‐term observation of his symptoms and immune status. During eleven months of hospitalization, the patient was suffering from incurable severe diarrhea with persisting excretion of rotaviruses detected by electron microscopy and the reversed‐passive hemagglutination (R‐PHA) test and had transient hepatitis symptom despite multiple administrations of human gammaglobulin and high calorie fluids. The detected viruses were morphologically recognized as rotavirus with double capsid structure. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic (PAGE) analysis of their genomic RNAs showed the long electropherotype of group A virus with abnormal migration profiles changing considerably from the early to the late phase of illness: (1) The 11th segment became undetectable; (2) the molecular weight of the 6th segment slightly increased; (3) seven to fourteen extra segments appeared; and (4) PAGE patterns of viral genomic RNAs changed every three or four months. These findings suggest that chronic infection with rotavirus accompanied the generation of extra viral genomic segments and their unusual assortments in an immunodeficient host.
Seroprevalence of Human Herpesvirus 6 Infection in Brazilian and Japanese Populations in the North‐East of Brazil
Authors: Linhares Maria Iêda Siqueira , Eizuru Yoshito , Tateno Seiki , Minamishima Yoichi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe seroprevalence of human herpesvirus 6 (HHV‐6) infection was examined for 434 Brazilians and 250 Japanese immigrants living in Recife and its vicinity, in the North‐East of Brazil. A total of 684 sera from the healthy individuals were screened for IgG antibodies to HHV‐6 by anticomplement immunofluorescence (ACIF) test. The seropositivity rate to HHV‐6 showed little difference between the two groups: namely, it was 76.5% for Brazilians and 77.2% for Japanese immigrants. The seropositivity rate was constantly higher in females than in males. The high prevalence of anti‐HHV‐6 antibodies among children indicates that HHV‐6 infection occurs very early in life.
Surface Hydrophobicity of “Rheumatogenic” and “Nephritogenic” Strains of Group A Streptococci and the Ultrastructural Surface Feature of Pharyngeal Cells Exposed to Group A Streptococci
Authors: Kumar Krishnadas Subhadramma Nanda , Ganguly Nirmal Kumar , Anand Inder Singh , Wahi Purshotam Lal 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe present study was carried out to determine the surface hydrophobicity of group A streptococcal strains responsible for rheumatic fever (RF), “rheumatogenic” strains (RG strains) and strains causing glomerulonephritis, “nephritogenic” strains (NG strains) in relation to their adhesion to human pharyngeal cells. Scanning electronmicroscopic (SEM) studies were carried out to the difference, if any, in the adherence of group A streptococci (M type 5) to pharyngeal and buccal cells (PEC and BEC). By employing two techniques for hydrophobicity determination, salt aggregation titre (SAT) and n‐hexadecane binding‐technique, it was observed that RG strains (M5, Ml and M6) were more hydrophobic than NG strain, M49. However, NG strain M12 was almost equally as hydrophobic as RG strains. The adherence of RG strains, except M1 and M24, to PEC was greater in number than that of NG strains. Although M1 strain was hydrophobic, its adherence to PEC was less. Pepsin and trypsin treatment with streptococci reduced the hydrophobicity and adherence of RG and NG strains to PEC. SEM studies revealed firmly adhered indigenous bacteria on PEC and BEC. Streptococci (M5) adhered more to PEC than to BEC. SEM studies also showed that PEC had a peculiar ultrastructural surface feature to which streptococci adhered. These findings suggest that streptococcal hydrophobicity alone does not determine their adhesion to PEC. The surface nature of PEC might be a characteristic feature of the epithelial cells that allows streptococci to adhere and colonize or it might be a consequence of streptococcal adhesion.
Antibacterial Activity of Cefpodoxime against Branhamella catarrhalis
Authors: Takenouchi Takashi , Nishino Takeshi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe antibacterial activity of cefpodoxime against Branhamella catarrhalis was studied. All of the 65 clinical isolates tested were inhibited at and below 1.56 μg/ml, both at 107 and at 105 CFUs. The following was further studied on B. catarrhalis N‐5 which showed average susceptibility to each drug examined. Bactericidal activity was observed at and above the MIC. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed morphological changes, such as cellular swelling, bleb formation, inhibition of septum formation, and lysis, of the cells exposed to cefpodoxime at concentrations around the MIC. Cefpodoxime was poorly hydrolyzed by the β‐lactamase and it showed affinity for two penicillin‐binding proteins that had approximate molecular weights of 83 and 74 kilodaltons, with I50 values of 3.7 and 2.1 μg/ml, respectively.
Characterization of Neurotoxigenic Clostridium butyricum Strain by DNA Hybridization Test and by in vivo and in vitro Germination Tests of Spores
Authors: Takeshi Kouichi , Fujii Nobuhiro , Kimura Kouichi , Yamakawa Kiyotaka , Nakamura Shinichi , Kumagai Mitsuru , Oguma Keiji 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe germination of spores of a neurotoxigenic Clostridium butyricum strain (BL 6340), which was isolated from infant botulism in Italy, and that of a non‐toxigenic C. butyricum type strain (NCIB 7423) were studied. The spores of BL 6340 strain were killed at 80 C for 10 min, and required the mixture of L‐alanine, L‐lactate, glucose and bicarbonate for their optimal germination. These characteristics are the same as those of Clostridium botulinum type E strain, but different from those of NCIB 7423 strain. In a hybridization test, however, the labeled DNAs extracted from NCIB 7423 strain highly (98%) hybridized to the DNAs of the BL 6340 strain, but little (45%) to the DNAs of C. botulinum type E strain. The biochemical properties of the BL 6340 and NCIB 7423 strains were identical, but different from those of C. botulinum type E. These data confirmed that the BL 6340 strain belongs to C. butyricum species, but that only its characteristics of toxin production, its minimum requirements for germination, and the behavior of its spores to heat treatment are the same as those of C. botulinum type E. When conventionally raised suckling mice were injected with 5 × 107 spores of BL 6340 strain intra‐ or orogastrically, botulism was not observed. However, 8‐ to 13‐day‐old mice had type E botulinum toxin in the large intestine 3 days after introduction of its spores.
Prethymic Nylon Wool‐Passed Bone Marrow Cells, Substituting for Helper T Cells, Can Augment the Generation of Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes from Their Precursors
Authors: Tanabe Masao J. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractNylon wool‐passed bone marrow (NW‐BM) cells treated with anti‐Thy.l monoclonal antibody and complement were added to a mixed lymphocyte culture which contained a limiting number of lymph node cells, as responder cells, and a sufficient number of mitomycin‐c‐treated allogeneic spleen cells as stimulator cells. NW‐BM cells of the same MH.C haplotype as responder cells enhanced the generation of allo‐specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) not only at a relatively high dose (3 × 103 cells/well) of responder cells, but also at an extremely dilute dose (1 × 103 cells/well). NW‐BM cells which had a third‐party MHC haplotype, a haplotype different from both responder and stimulator cells, also enhanced the generation of CTL at relatively high doses, but not at low doses, of responder cells. NW‐BM cells which had MHC haplotypes identical with those of responder cells induced CTL from helper T cell‐depleted responder cells, but NW‐BM cells which had the third‐party haplotype did not. These results showed that the enhancing effects of NW‐BM cells of the same MHC haplotype as responder cells might be due to a specific helper effect and the enhancing effect of NW‐BM cells of the third‐party haplotype might be due to a nonspecific filler effect, which only conditioned the cultured cells. It was also found that, to exhibit the helper effect, NW‐BM cells had to possess MHC class II, but not MHC class I, molecules in common with CTL precursors. This study showed that in the induction of CTL, prethymic NW‐BM cells had a capability comparable to that of mature helper T cells.
Accumulation of Ascites and Increase in Skin Vascular Permeability Observed by Injection of Adsorbed Diphtheria‐Purified Pertussis‐Tetanus Combined Vaccine in Guinea Pigs
Authors: Goto Norihisa , Kato Hiroshi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIntraperitoneal injection of adsorbed diphtheria‐purified pertussis‐tetanus combined vaccine (DPPT) often causes an ascites‐accumulating (A‐A) reaction in guinea pigs. Those vaccines which caused A‐A reaction increase the vascular permeability (VP) of the skin tissue at the intracutaneous injection sites. A total of 23 lots of DPPT were assayed for A‐A and VP‐increasing activities. A positive correlation between the volume of ascites accumulated and the intensity of VP was significant. Other kinds of aluminum‐adsorbed (Al‐Ad) vaccines such as Al‐Ad tetanus and Al‐Ad diphtheria‐tetanus combined and Al‐Ad hepatitis B vaccines induced little or no A‐A reaction. These results were discussed from the viewpoint of quality control in the process of the production of DPPT.
An Indirect Immunofluorescence Method for Detection of Mycoplasma hominis in Vaginal Smears
Authors: Hirai Yoshikazu , Kanatani Tomohisa , Ono Masako , Matsushita Osamu , Kanemasa Yasuhiro 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe developed a novel method for the detection of Mycoplasma hominis from vaginal swabs using an indirect immunofluorescence technique. It is a rapid and simple method that can be finished in only 5 hr and is more sensitive than the usual culture isolation method. The indirect immunofluorescence method was applied to vaginal smears from 193 healthy women and 33.7% gave a positive test. This value was much higher than that (11.4%) obtained from the same specimens by the culture method. When vaginal smears were subjected to Papanicolaou staining after the indirect immunofluorescence method, the specific immunofluorescence of the epithelial cells was located exactly at the sites of granular aggregates stained with Papanicolaou stain. A histological examination by Papanicolaou staining showed that the incidence of inflammation seems to be slightly higher in M. hominis‐carriers than in non‐carriers.
Synthetic Oligonucleotides with Particular Base Sequences from the cDNA Encoding Proteins of Mycobacterium bovis BCG Induce Interferons and Activate Natural Killer Cells
Authors: Tokunaga Tohru , Yano Osamu , Kuramoto Etsuro , Kimura Yoshimitsu , Yamamoto Toshiko , Kataoka Tetsuro , Yamamoto Saburo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThirteen kinds of 45‐mer single‐stranded oligonucleotide, having sequence randomly selected from the known cDNA encoding BCG proteins, were tested for their capability to augment natural killer (NK) cell activity of mouse spleen cells in vitro. Six out of the 13 oligonucleotides showed the activity, while the others did not. In order to know the minimal and essential sequence(s) responsible for the biological activity, 2 kinds of 30‐mer and 5 kinds of 15‐mer oligonucleotide fragments of an active 45‐mer nucleotide were tested for their activity. One of the 30‐mer oligonucleotides, designated BCG‐A4a, was active, but the other 30‐mer was inactive. All of the 15‐mer oligonucleotide fragments were inactive. The BCG‐A4a also stimulated the spleen cells to produce interferon (IFN)‐α and‐γ An experiment using anti‐IFN antisera showed that the NK cell activation by the oligonucleotide was ascribed to the IFN‐α produced. It was noticed that all of the biologically active oligonucleotides possessed one or more palindrome sequence(s), and the inactive ones did not, with an exception of a 45‐mer inactive oligonucleotide containing overlapping palindrome sequences (GGGCCCGGG). These findings strongly suggest that certain palindrome sequences, like GACGTC, GGCGCC and TGCGCA, are essential for 30‐mer oligonucleotides, like BCG‐A4a, to induce IFNs.
Acceleration of Adenovirus Replication and Increased Virion Production by Treatment with the Steroid Hormone 17 Beta‐Estradiol
Authors: James Calvin B. L. , Vanderpool Eustace A. , Roane Philip 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe report here that concentration of an estrogen known to promote enhanced transformation and to increase oncogenicity of rat embryo cells, accelerate the production and increase the yield of progeny virions in adenovirus type 12 (Ad 12)‐infected HEp‐2 cells. Further, measurement of the incorporation of radioactive RNA and DNA precursors indicated that macromolecular synthesis in the estrogen‐treated, infected cells was accelerated. Possible explanations for this observation are discussed.
The Role of Pili in Colonization of the Rabbit Intestine by Vibrio parahaemolyticus Na2
Authors: Nakasone Noboru , Iwanaga Masaaki 
Published: November 2013

AbstractVibrio parahaemolyticus Na2 and its pili were studied in relation to intestinal colonization. The isolated pili were adhesive to the intestinal epithelium. The adhesion of the organisms was blocked by masking the epithelial receptor with the purified pili, or by treating the organisms with anti‐pilus antibody (Fab fraction). These results suggest that the pili of V. parahaemolyticus Na2 play an important role in the adhesion of the organisms to the rabbit intestine.
Comparison of Indirect Immunofluorescence (IF) Test with Enzyme‐Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) in Screening of Hybridomas to Very Virulent Marek's Disease Virus
Authors: Nakajima Kazuhiro , Shibayama Takeshi , Naito Matao , Kurimura Takashi , Hirai Kanji 
Published: November 2013

AbstractFor identifying virus‐specific antigens of Marek's disease virus (MDV), monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against strain Md5 of serotype 1, which is known to be a very virulent MDV (vvMDV), were isolated. Fifty‐eight hybridoma clones that secreted MAbs against vvMDV were obtained. Of these MAbs, 36 gave positive reactions in an immunofluorescence (IF) test, and 22 gave positive reactions on enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). None of these MAbs gave positive reactions in both the IF test and ELISA. Of the MAbs that gave positive reactions in the IF test, 33 clones reacted with MDV1‐specific epitopes, the other three reacting with MDV1‐HVT intertypic epitopes. None of the clones reacted with MDV1‐MDV2 intertypic epitopes. Three virus‐specific polypeptides were identified by radioimmunoprecipitation and sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) or immunoblotting. These polypeptides were recognized by 12 MAbs giving positive reactions by IF, but by none of those giving positive reactions by ELISA. In addition, size heterogeneity of the MDV1‐specific phosphorylated polypeptides in the MDV1 strains was shown using the MAbs against Md5.
Interactions between Immune‐Stimulating Complexes (ISCOMs) and Peritoneal Mononuclear Leucocytes
Authors: Watson Dennis L. , Watson Nikki A. , Fossum Caroline , Lovgren Karin , Morein Bror 
Published: November 2013

AbstractStudies were undertaken in mice using immune‐stimulating complexes (ISCOMs) or micelles prepared from envelope glycoproteins of human influenza virus (PR8) and matrix (i.e., ISCOM skeleton without incorporated antigen). Electron microscopic studies showed that ISCOMs, in contrast to micelles, have a remarkable affinity for cell membranes and seem to rapidly promote their own internalization by cells to which they adhere. PR8 ISCOMs, but not matrix nor micelles, significantly increased the expression of membrane Ia by peritoneal mononuclear leucocytes 24 hr after intraperitoneal immunization.
Establishment of a Mouse Model of Cystitis and Roles of Type 1 Fimbriated Escherichia coli in Its Pathogenesis
Authors: Liao Jie , Tomochika Ken‐ichi , Watanabe Sadahiro , Kanemasa Yasuhiro 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe role of type 1 fimbriae in promoting bladder colonization and the course of Escherichia coli cystitis were examined with type 1 fimbriated strains of clinically isolated E. coli. In the experiments of mice in vivo, intact bladder epithelium showed natural resistance to the adherence of type 1 fimbriated and non‐fimbriated E. coli. However, the exfoliation of bladder superficial cells by trypsinization before the bacterial inoculation promoted the adhesion and colonization of type 1 fimbriated E. coli onto bladder epithelium. After colonization of E. coli, maximum numbers of E. coli and leukocytes were observed 3 days after inoculation. Nine days after inoculation, both of E. coli and leukocytes disappeared and the regeneration of superficial cells was observed. On the other hand, superficial cells in mice injected with phosphate‐buffered saline or non‐fimbriated E. coli regenerated 5 days after trypsinization. The present study demonstrated that the removal of superficial cells is essential for the adhesion and colonization of type 1 fimbriated E. coli onto bladder epithelium in vivo and a new model of E. coli cystitis in mice was established. The model which we established is valuable for histopathological, immunological, and therapeutic studies.
Heterogeneity of S‐Layer Proteins of Lactobacillus acidophilus Strains
Authors: Masuda Kuniyoshi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAn S‐layer (surface regular array) was found in the cell wall from six out of ten strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus examined by electron microscopic observations. All of the six strains which were shown to carry the S‐layers belonged to the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) homology group A, but not to B, which had been classified by Johnson et al (Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 30: 53–68, 1980). On the other hand, the other four strains which possessed no S‐layers were in the homology group B. The apparent molecular weights of the S‐layer proteins ranged from 41 to 49 kDa as estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Of the S‐layer proteins from the six strains, three were susceptible to chemical cleavage with N‐chlorosuccinimide, giving different peptide maps. All of the six S‐layer proteins were fragmented by limited proteolysis with Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease, and gave markedly different peptide patterns by the subsequent peptide mapping analysis, except that the peptide maps of the S‐layer proteins from the two strains which were in the same subgroup were identical.
Role of Type 1 and Type 3 Fimbriae on the Adherence and Pathogenesis of Salmonella enteritidis in Mice
Authors: Aslanzadeh Jaber , Paulissen Leo J. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThrough hemagglutination tests two isogenic strains of Salmonella enteritidis were shown to possess type 1 fimbriae (strain V) and type 1 and type 3 fimbriae (strain A). The two strains bound to human buccal and mouse small intestine epithelial cells. Strain A attached to the epithelial cells more readily and in larger numbers in comparison to strain V. Adherence of both strains were sensitive to the presence of D‐mannose and pretreatment of the epithelial cells with tannic acid did not promote D‐mannose resistant type binding of strain A S. enteritidis to human buccal and mouse small intestine epithelial cells. Furthermore, results from LD50 study indicated that, when the tests were carried out through oral inoculation of the mice the highly fimbriated stain A appeared to be more virulent. However, when the tests were carried out through intraperitoneal inoculation strain V was more virulent. These results indicate that adherence is a major contributing factor to the virulence of S. enteritidis and both type 1 and type 3 fimbriae contribute to this phenomenon.