bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prenatal ethanol increases ethanol intake throughout adolescence, alters ethanol‐mediated aversive learning, and affects μ but not δ or κ opioid receptor mRNA expression
Authors: Fabio María Carolina , Macchione Ana Fabiola , Nizhnikov Michael E. , Pautassi Ricardo Marcos 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAnimal models of prenatal ethanol exposure (PEE) have indicated a facilitatory effect of PEE on adolescent ethanol intake, but few studies have assessed the effects of moderate PEE throughout adolescence. The mechanisms underlying this facilitatory effect remain largely unknown. In the present study, we analysed ethanol intake in male and female Wistar rats with or without PEE (2.0 g/kg, gestational days 17–20) from postnatal days 37 to 62. The results revealed greater ethanol consumption in PEE rats than in controls, which persisted throughout adolescence. By the end of testing, ethanol ingestion in PEE rats was nearly 6.0 g/kg. PEE was associated with insensitivity to ethanol‐induced aversion. PEE and control rats were further analysed for levels of μ, δ and κ opioid receptor mRNA in the infralimbic cortex, nucleus accumbens shell, and ventral tegmental area. Similar levels of mRNA were observed across most areas and opioid receptors, but μ receptor mRNA in the ventral tegmental area was significantly increased by PEE. Unlike previous studies that assessed the effects of PEE on ethanol intake close to birth, or in only a few sessions during adolescence, the present study observed a facilitatory effect of PEE that lasted throughout adolescence. PEE was associated with insensitivity to the aversive effect of ethanol, and increased levels of μ opioid receptor transcripts. PEE is a prominent vulnerability factor that probably favors the engagement of adolescents in risky trajectories of ethanol use.
Sustained Impact of UK Fast-Test Public Education on Response to Stroke: A Population-Based Time-Series Study
Authors: Wolters Frank J. , Paul Nicola L. M. , Li Linxin , Rothwell Peter M. 
Published: April 2015

Background Urgent assessment is essential after stroke. Several countries have had public education campaigns, based on the FAST (Face-Arm-Speech-Time) test to reduce delays in seeking attention. However, the impact of these campaigns on patient behavior is uncertain. Methods We prospectively determined patient behavior after incident major stroke (NIHSS > 3) in a UK population based study (Oxford Vascular Study) before (2002–2008) and after (2009–2013) introduction of the FAST TV-campaign and assessed any sustained impact of campaign continuation. Results Among 668 consecutive patients with major stroke, medical attention was sought by a bystander in 553 (89·6%). Patients were more likely to present directly to emergency services (OR = 2·18, 95%CI:1·54–3·09, P < 0·0001) after the campaign and to arrive at hospital within 3 h (OR = 2·18, 1·55–3·06, P < 0·0001). Median [IQR] time to seeking attention fell from 53 [15–265] to 31 [7–120] minutes ( P = 0·005) and median time to hospital arrival from 185 [88–885] to 119 [78–256] minutes ( P < 0·0001). On time-series analysis improvements in hospital arrival within 3 h and use of emergency medical services were significantly associated to initiation of the campaign (aOR = 3·11, 1·53–6·29, P = 0·002; and 2·22, 1·05–4·67, P = 0·036, respectively), independent of trend, age, sex, ethnicity, educational level, social class, prior stroke and stroke severity, and have been sustained to 2013. Conclusion Delays to seeking and receiving medical attention after major stroke in the UK. fell strikingly in 2009, coinciding with the start of the FAST TV campaign. That medical attention was sought by a bystander in nearly 90% of cases illustrates the importance of mass-media public education rather than focused programs in high-risk groups for major stroke.
Efficacy and safety of 40 mg or 60 mg duloxetine in Japanese adults with diabetic neuropathic pain: Results from a randomized, 52‐week, open‐label study
Authors: Yasuda Hitoshi , Hotta Nigishi , Kasuga Masato , Kashiwagi Atsunori , Kawamori Ryuzo , Yamada Tadaaki , Baba Yuko , Alev Levent , Nakajo Ko 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIntroductionTo examine the long‐term efficacy and safety of duloxetine in the treatment of Japanese patients with diabetic neuropathic pain, we carried out a 52‐week, randomized, open‐label extension of a 12‐week, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study.Materials and MethodsJapanese adults with diabetic neuropathic pain who completed the double‐blind study were eligible for this long‐term study, carried out at 71 sites in Japan (March 2008 to March 2010). Participants (n = 258) were re‐randomized (1:1) to 40 mg/day or 60 mg/day duloxetine. Pain (Brief Pain Inventory severity and interference), quality of life (Patient's Global Impression of Improvement), and safety (primary outcome; adverse events, vital signs, metabolic measures) were measured.ResultsSignificant (P < 0.0001) and sustained improvements (change ± standard deviation; n = 257) were observed in Brief Pain Inventory severity (average pain score −2.1 ± 1.7). Improvements were also seen in Brief Pain Inventory interference (mean of subscores −0.96 ± 1.52) and Patient's Global Impression of Improvement (−0.9 ± 1.1) scores; these scores decreased significantly (P < 0.0001) during the long‐term study. Frequently reported adverse events included somnolence (13.6%), constipation (13.2%) and nausea (10.5%). Increases were observed in plasma glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin and total cholesterol levels, and in bodyweight and heart rate; however, none of these were clinically meaningful. Overall, there were no clinically significant safety concerns.ConclusionsThis is the first publication of a long‐term study carried out in Asia with an entirely Japanese patient population to suggest that long‐term duloxetine therapy for diabetic neuropathic pain is effective and has an acceptable safety profile.
Human epithelial cells exposed to functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes: interactions and cell surface modifications
Authors: FANIZZA C. , CASCIARDI S. , INCORONATO F. , CAVALLO D. , URSINI C.L. , CIERVO A. , MAIELLO R. , FRESEGNA A.M. , MARCELLONI A.M. , LEGA D. , ALVINO A. , BAIGUERA S. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryWith the expansion of the production and applications of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in several industrial and science branches, the potential adverse effects on human health have attracted attention. Numerous studies have been conducted to evaluate how chemical functionalization may affect MWCNT effects; however, controversial data have been reported, showing either increased or reduced toxicity. In particular, the impact of carboxylation on MWCNT cytotoxicity is far from being completely understood. The aim of this work was the evaluation of the modifications induced by carboxylated‐MWCNTs (MWCNTs‐COOH) on cell surface and the study of cell–MWCNT‐COOH interactions by means of field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). Human pulmonary epithelial cells (A549) were incubated with MWCNTs‐COOH for different exposure times and concentrations (10 μg/mL for 1, 2, 4 h; 5, 10, 20 μg/mL for 24 h). At short incubation time, MWCNTs‐COOH were easily observed associated with plasma membrane and in contact with microvilli. After 24 h exposure, FESEM analysis revealed that MWCNTs‐COOH induced evident changes in the cellular surface in comparison to control cells: treated cells showed blebs, holes and a depletion of the microvilli density in association with structure modifications, such as widening and/or lengthening. In particular, an increase of cells showing holes and microvilli structure alterations was observed at 20 μg/mL concentration. FESEM analysis showed nanotube agglomerates, of different sizes, entering into the cell with two different mechanisms: inward bending of the membrane followed by nanotube sinking, and nanotube internalization directly through holes. The observed morphological microvilli modifications, induced by MWCNTs‐COOH, could affect epithelial functions, such as the control of surfactant production and secretion, leading to pathological conditions, such as alveolar proteinosis. More detailed studies will be, however, necessary to examine in depth the effects induced by MWCNTs‐COOH and, in particular, the timing of the MWCNT‐COOH–cell interaction.
An In Vitro Comparison of Fracture Load of Zirconia Custom Abutments with Internal Connection and Different Angulations and Thicknesses: Part II
Authors: Zandparsa Roya , Albosefi Abdalah 
Published: April 2015

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of part II of this in vitro study was to compare the fracture load of two‐piece zirconia custom abutments with different thicknesses and angulations.Materials and MethodsForty zirconia custom abutments were divided into four groups as follows: group A1: 0.7 mm thickness and 0° angulations; group A2: 0.7 mm thickness and 15° angulations; group B1: 1 mm thickness and 0° angulations; group B2: 1 mm thickness and 15° angulations. As in part I, in all groups, implant replicas were mounted in self‐cure acrylic jigs to support the abutments. The zirconia custom abutments were engaged in the implant replicas using a manual torque wrench. All jigs were secured and mounted in a metallic vice and subjected to shear stress till failure using a universal testing machine with a 0.5 mm/min crosshead speed with the force transferred to the lingual surface of the zirconia custom abutments 2 mm below the incisal edge. The test specimens used in this study did not include a crown. The universal testing machine was controlled via a computer software system, which also completed the stress‐strain diagram and recorded the breaking fracture load. The fracture loads were recorded for comparison among the groups and subjected to statistical analysis (two‐way ANOVA and Kolmogorov‐Smirnov).ResultsThe mean fracture load of zirconia custom abutments across the groups (A1 to B2) ranged from 432 ± 97 N to 746 ± 275 N. The angulated zirconia custom abutment exhibited the highest fracture load, which was statistically significant (p = 0.045). The thickness of the zirconia custom abutment also had a positive influence on the strength of the specimens (p = 0.005).ConclusionsIn this study, the 15° angulated zirconia custom abutments showed the highest fracture load of those investigated. The 1 mm thick zirconia custom abutments also exhibited significantly higher fracture load compared to 0.7 mm abutments.Clinical ImplicationsThe results of this in vitro study will help dental practitioners with their decision‐making process in selecting the type of custom abutment to be used clinically.
Experiences of family carers of people diagnosed with borderline personality disorder
Authors: Lawn S. , McMahon J. 
Published: April 2015

Accessible summary
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a complex and challenging mental health condition for the person and family carers who support them.
This paper reports on the results of a survey of 121 family carers of people diagnosed with BPD about their experiences of being carers, their attempts to seek help for the person diagnosed with BPD and their own carer needs. It provides the first detailed account across these domains.
Family carers of people diagnosed with BPD experience significant exclusion and discrimination when attempting to interact with generalist health and mental health services. Further education for all health professionals is indicated, particularly general practitioners who likely come into contact with BPD carers. All health professionals need to improve their skills and attitudes in working with people diagnosed with BPD, and also their skills and attitudes in working with BPD carers. Carers of people diagnosed with BPD may need specialist carer support that addresses their distinct information, education and support needs.
AbstractThere is limited understanding of the experience of family carers of people diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (BPD). This study aimed to explore their experiences of being carers, their attempts to seek help for the person diagnosed with BPD and their own carer needs. An invitation to participate in an online survey was distributed to carers across multiple consumer and carer organizations and mental health services, by the Private Mental Health Consumer Carer Network (Australia) in 2011. Responses from 121 carers showed that they experience significant challenges and discrimination when attempting to engage with and seek support from health services. Comparison with consumers’ experiences (reported elsewhere) showed that these carers have a clear understanding of the discrimination faced by people with this diagnosis, largely because they also experience exclusion and discrimination. Community carer support services were perceived as inadequate. General practitioners were an important source of support; however, they and other service providers need more education and training to support attitudinal change to address discrimination, recognize carers’ needs and provide more effective support. This study provides the first detailed account of BPD carers’ experiences across a broad range of support needs and interactions with community support and health services.
Sexual Health Education in U.S. Physician Assistant Programs
Authors: Seaborne Lori A. , Prince Ronald J. , Kushner David M. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract

Introduction
Since the 1950s, sexual health education in medical schools has been evaluated and reported upon, but there has never been an assessment published about sexual health curricula in U.S. physician assistant (PA) programs.

Aim
The aim of this study was to gain better understanding of how PA programs cover sexual health topics.

Methods
Between January and March 2014, 181 accredited PA programs received a mailed survey inquiring about their sexual health curriculum.

Main Outcome Measures
The survey assessed general sexual health topics; lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender (LGBT) topics; teaching methods; and the amount of time spent on sexual health education.

Results
A total of 106 programs responded (59%). Ten programs offered a required, discrete course on human sexuality. The majority incorporated training into other coursework, which is consistent with most medical schools. LGBT topics were covered less thoroughly than the general sexual health topics. Total amount of time spent on sexual health topics varied widely among programs, from a minimum of 2–4 hours to a maximum of 60 hours, with a median of 12 hours.

Conclusions
PA programs in the United States appear to compare favorably with the training offered to medical students in regard to time spent on sexual health education. Transgender issues were least well-covered of all the topics queried.
Relationship Between Female Pelvic Floor Dysfunction and Sexual Dysfunction: An Observational Study
Authors: Bortolami Arianna , Vanti Carla , Banchelli Federico , Guccione Andrew A. , Pillastrini Paolo 
Published: April 2015

Abstract

Introduction
The ability to express one's sexuality and engage in sexual activity requires multisystemic coordination involving many psychological functions as well as the integrity of the nervous, hormonal, vascular, immune, and neuromuscular body structures and functions.

Aim
The purpose of this study was to investigate the associations among pelvic floor function, sexual function, and demographic and clinical characteristics in a population of women initiating physical therapy evaluation and treatment for pelvic floor–related dysfunctions (urinary incontinence, pelvic organ prolapse, vulvodynia, vaginismus, and constipation).

Methods
We consented and collected completed demographic data and data related to symptoms and clinical condition on 85 consecutive patients in an outpatient physical therapy clinic. Clinical and anthropometric characteristics were analyzed descriptively. Analysis of variance and linear regression analyses were used to analyze Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) scale ratings, whereas zero-inflated beta-binomial regression was applied to the pain subscale.

Main Outcome Measures
Main outcome measure was FSFI score, whereas the secondary outcome measure was the FSFI subscale score related to pain.

Results
Women in our sample were 38 years old on average, 33% of whom had given birth and 82% of whom had high tone pelvic floor. Being in the middle-tercile age group and exhibiting low pelvic floor tone (Beta = 6.8; 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.4; 12.0]) were significantly associated with lower levels of sexual dysfunction. Women with low tone pelvic floor also reported lower pain (odds ratio = 4.0; 95% CI = [1.6; 9.6]), whereas younger aged and physically unsatisfied subjects were more likely not to have sexual activity in the month prior to scale measurement.

Conclusion
In female patients with pelvic floor muscle dysfunction undergoing physical therapy and rehabilitation, sexual dysfunction appears to be significantly correlated with age and high pelvic floor muscle tone.
The Relationship Between Mode of Delivery and Sexual Health Outcomes after Childbirth
Authors: Faisal-Cury Alexandre , Menezes Paulo Rossi , Quayle Julieta , Matijasevich Alicia , Diniz Simone Grilo 
Published: April 2015

Abstract

Introduction
Several factors are implicated in the women's sexuality after childbirth. Nevertheless, there is conflicting evidence about the influence of mode of delivery (MD)

Aim
To prospectively evaluate the relationship between MD and sexual health outcomes after childbirth

Methods
A prospective cohort study conducted between May 2005 and March 2007 included 831 pregnant women recruited from primary care clinics of the public sector in São Paulo, Brazil. The exposure variable was MD: uncomplicated vaginal delivery (spontaneous vaginal delivery without episiotomy or any kind of perineal laceration); complicated vaginal delivery (either forceps or normal, with episiotomy or any kind of perineal laceration) and cesarean delivery. Socio-demographic and obstetric data were obtained through a questionnaire applied during the antenatal and postnatal period. Crude and adjusted risk ratios, with 95% confidence intervals, were calculated using Poisson regression to examine the associations between MD and sexual health outcomes.

Main Outcome Measures
The three main sexual health outcomes were later resumption of sexual life, self-perception of decline of sexual life (DSL), and presence of sexual desire.

Results
One hundred and forty-one women (21.9%) resumed sexual life 3 or more months after delivery. Although 87.1% of women had desire, DSL occurred in 21.1% of the cohort. No associations were found between MD and sexual health outcomes.

Conclusions
Women's sexuality after childbirth were not influenced by the type of delivery. Efforts to improve the treatment of sexual problems after childbirth should focus beyond MD.
Adverse Reactions in Horses that Underwent General Anesthesia and Cervical Myelography
Authors: Mullen K.R. , Furness M.C. , Johnson A.L. , Norman T.E. , Hart K.A. , Burton A.J. , Bicahlo R.C. , Ainsworth D.M. , Thompson M.S. , Scrivani P.V. 
Published: April 2015

BackgroundThe study was prompted by a perceived high prevalence of myelographic complications varying in severity and type, and attributed to the contrast material or the procedure.Hypotheses1. Any adverse reaction (AAR) is associated with a change in CSF volume induced either by removal of CSF or addition of contrast material. 2. AAR occurs more frequently in horses with higher premyelography neurologic grade. 3. Nonspecific hyperthermia is attenuated by anti‐inflammatory and osmotic agents.AnimalsHorses (n = 278) that underwent myelography between 2000 and 2012 at 5 institutions: A (87), B (68), C (65), D (46), and E (12).MethodsMulti‐institutional, retrospective, observational cross‐sectional study.ResultsAAR were observed in 95/278 (34%) horses, were associated with longer general anesthesia time (P = .04) and higher contrast‐medium volume (P = .04); euthanasia because of AAR was performed in 5/278 (2%) horses. Adverse neurologic reactions were the most common type of complication observed occurring in 15/278 (5%) and 42/235 (18%) of horses in the intra‐ and postmyelography periods. A relationship between AAR and premyelography neurologic grade was not identified (P = .31). Nonspecific hyperthermia was observed in 25/235 (11%) horses; no relationship was observed with administration of anti‐inflammatory drugs and osmotic agents (P = .30).Conclusions and clinical importanceThe category of AAR occurred in one‐third of the horses generally was mild and self‐limiting. These reactions were associated with increased contrast‐medium volume and longer anesthesia time; but, no specific procedural recommendations could be made because of small odds ratios (OR) of <2 for each 1 mL increase in contrast material and for each 1 minute of additional anesthesia time.
Seizure Disorders in 43 Cattle
Authors: D'Angelo A. , Bellino C. , Bertone I. , Cagnotti G. , Iulini B. , Miniscalco B. , Casalone C. , Gianella P. , Cagnasso A. 
Published: April 2015

BackgroundLarge animals have a relatively high seizure threshold, and in most cases seizures are acquired. No published case series have described this syndrome in cattle.ObjectivesTo describe clinical findings and outcomes in cattle referred to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the University of Turin (Italy) because of seizures.AnimalsClient‐owned cattle with documented evidence of seizures.MethodsMedical records of cattle with episodes of seizures reported between January 2002 and February 2014 were reviewed. Evidence of seizures was identified based on the evaluation of seizure episodes by the referring veterinarian or 1 of the authors. Animals were recruited if physical and neurologic examinations were performed and if diagnostic laboratory test results were available.ResultsForty‐three of 49 cases fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The mean age was 8 months. Thirty‐one animals were male and 12 were female. Piedmontese breed accounted for 39/43 (91%) animals. Seizures were etiologically classified as reactive in 30 patients (70%) and secondary or structural in 13 (30%). Thirty‐six animals survived, 2 died naturally, and 5 were euthanized for reasons of animal welfare. The definitive cause of reactive seizures was diagnosed as hypomagnesemia (n = 2), hypocalcemia (n = 12), and hypomagnesemia‐hypocalcemia (n = 16). The cause of structural seizures was diagnosed as cerebrocortical necrosis (n = 8), inflammatory diseases (n = 4), and lead (Pb) intoxication (n = 1).Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceThe study results indicate that seizures largely are reported in beef cattle and that the cause can be identified and successfully treated in most cases.