bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiple linear regression model for the prediction of Changma onset date in Korea
Authors: Choi Ki‐Seon , Kang Sung‐Dae , Kim Hae‐Dong 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTIn this research, the multiple linear regression models for the prediction of the Changma onset in Korea have been developed. The predictors are based on correlation analysis between Changma onset dates over 30 years (1973–2002), and the winds and geopotential heights at high, middle, and low levels of the troposphere during the preceding 6 months (December to May). The clearest correlation was observed at 850 hPa geopotential height field in the preceding April among 6 months. The fundamental meaning of this model indicates that Changma in Korea comes earlier when the Mascarene high becomes languished and the tropical storms around India and western North Pacific subtropical high (WNPSH) become strengthened. The reliability of this model has been tested and proved by statistical cross‐validation analysis, and additionally, has been analysed for differences in the 850 hPa stream flows for those years that Changma comes earlier and later. From the preceding April onwards, the Mascarene high tends to become weakened so that the cross‐equatorial flow is strengthened along the African east coast. The cross‐equatorial flow fortifies the tropical storms around Indian as it moves to the east. In the long run, the flow is influenced so that the WNPSH is more developed to the north, influencing Changma rain band to move north faster.To determine why Changma comes later in Korea, the water equivalent of accumulated snow depth (WEASD) difference between the late and early onset phases in the preceding April has been analysed. The result indicated that WEASD had a positive value for most East Asian regions. Since the snow reflects solar radiation by the Albedo effect, it decreases the difference in temperature between continents and oceans by decreasing the surface air temperature. The result has been confirmed by analysing the sensible heat net flux (SHTFL) difference between the two phases. In this way, small temperature gaps between continents and oceans weaken the WNPSH allowing Changma rain band to more slowly move north.
Efficient Catalytic Activity of Transition Metal Ions in Vilsmeier–Haack Reactions with Acetophenones
Authors: Aneesa F. , Rajanna K. C. , Venkateswarlu M. , Reddy K. Rajendar , Kumar Y. Arun 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTVilsmeier–Haack (VH) formylation reactions with acetophenones are sluggish in acetonitrile medium even at elevated temperatures. However, millimolar concentrations of transition metal ions such as Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), and Cd(II) were found to exhibit efficient catalytic activity in Vilsmeier–Haack Reactions with acetophenones. Reactions are accelerated remarkably in the presence of transition metal ions. The VH reactions followed second order kinetics and afforded acetyl derivatives under kinetic conditions also irrespective of the nature of oxychloride (POCl3 or SOCl2) used for the preparation of VH reagent along with DMF. On the basis of UV–vis spectroscopic studies and kinetic observations, participation of a ternary precursor [M(II) S (VHR)] in the rate‐limiting step has been proposed to explain the mechanism of the metal ion–catalyzed VH reaction.
Subsequent malignancies and their effect on survival in patients with retinoblastoma
Authors: Shinohara Eric T. , DeWees Todd , Perkins Stephanie M. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundAs cure rates for retinoblastoma have improved, it is clear that patients with hereditary retinoblastoma experience increased risk of subsequent malignant neoplasms (SMNs).MethodsUsing the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database, we evaluated risk of SMNs in survivors or retinoblastoma. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were calculated to compare number of deaths observed to the expected number for the cohort. Cumulative incidence of SMNs and standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) of observed to expected SMNs were calculatedResultsA total of 595 patients were included in the analysis. Cumulative incidence of secondary malignancy at 30 years for patients with unilateral and bilateral disease was 1.7% and 28.5%, respectively (P < 0.001). SIRs of subsequent malignancies for patients with unilateral and bilateral disease were 2.1 (95% CI = 0.6–5.4) and 38.3 (95% CI = 24.3–57.5), respectively. Patients with bilateral disease treated with and without radiotherapy both experienced an increased risk of SMNs (SIRs = 45.9, 95% CI = 26.8–73.6 and 27.3, 95% CI = 10.0–59.4, respectively). The most common cause of death for the patients with bilateral disease was subsequent malignancy (52% of deaths). Beginning in the 1990s, there was a significant decrease in the use of radiotherapy as 30.5% of patients received radiotherapy in the 1980s compared to 2.6% after 1999 (P < 0.001).ConclusionsSurvivors of bilateral retinoblastoma experience an increased risk of SMNs which adversely affects survival. The use of radiotherapy in the management of retinoblastoma has declined; however, patients with bilateral disease remain at an increased risk of subsequent cancers. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:116–119. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Concomitant use of isotretinoin and contraceptives before and after iPledge in the United States
Authors: Pinheiro Simone P. , Kang Elizabeth M. , Kim Clara Y. , Governale Laura A. , Zhou Esther H. , Hammad Tarek A. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTPurposeThe major concern associated with isotretinoin treatment is its high teratogenic potential. Therefore, ensuring use of contraception while on therapy is an important strategy for at‐risk patients and has been emphasized in all risk management programs. iPledge, the latest and most rigorous isotretinoin program, requires, among other stipulations, monthly assessments of contraceptive use for patients undergoing isotretinoin treatment. The purpose of this study is to evaluate isotretinoin usage patterns and assess concomitant use of isotretinoin and contraceptives before and after iPledge.MethodsFemale patients aged 13–45 years with a new prescription for isotretinoin products during 2004–2008 were identified in the IMS Health longitudinal prescription claims database. Monthly concomitant use of isotretinoin and contraceptives was estimated. Segmented regression analysis of interrupted time series data was used to assess changes in monthly proportion of concomitant use in the 24 months preceding versus following iPledge implementation.ResultsThe number of isotretinoin prescriptions decreased after iPledge implementation. A small but significant increase in monthly proportion of patients concomitantly using isotretinoin and contraceptive therapies was observed immediately after iPledge implementation (1.3%, p‐value = 0.02), particularly among younger patients (2.5%, p‐value < 0.01). No changes in the proportion of concomitancy over time (i.e. slope) between the periods before and after iPledge implementation were observed.ConclusionThe findings of this pharmacy prescription claims‐based study suggest a small increase in concomitant use of isotretinoin and contraceptives coincident with the time of implementation of iPledge, particularly among younger women. Published 2013. This article is a U. S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Antibiotics prescribed before, during and after pregnancy in the Netherlands: a drug utilization study
Authors: de Jonge Linda , Bos H. Jens , van Langen Irene M. , de Jong‐van den Berg Lolkje T. W. , Bakker Marian K. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTPurposeTo describe the prescription of antibiotics before, during and after pregnancy, and the trends over a 16‐year period in the Netherlands, and to determine whether they were prescribed according to national guidelines.MethodsThe IADB (http://iadb.nl) contains prescriptions dispensed by community pharmacies in the Netherlands. We extracted information on 18 873 pregnancies for 14 969 women between 1994 and 2009, focusing on antibiotics dispensed in the four trimesters before conception to two trimesters after birth (nine trimesters in total). We calculated trends in prescription rates during pregnancy and over time, and also compared the prescription of antibiotics in the Netherlands with safety category based on the Australian Drug Evaluation Committee.ResultsDuring pregnancy 20.8% of the women were prescribed at least one antibiotic. The ‘beta‐lactam antibacterials/penicillins’ group and the specific antibiotic amoxicillin were most commonly prescribed in the nine trimesters covered. The prescription rate of the ‘other antibacterials’ group during pregnancy increased over the years, in contrast to that of the ‘sulphonamides/trimethoprim’ group, which decreased. In total, 2.0% of pregnancies were exposed to a ‘potentially harmful’ antibiotic and 0.8% to a ‘harmful’ antibiotic. Compared with the period before conception, ‘safe’ antibiotics were prescribed more often during pregnancy than the other groups.ConclusionsOne in five women was prescribed at least one antibiotic during pregnancy in the Netherlands, which is comparable with rates in other European countries. Our results suggest that antibiotics appear to be prescribed to pregnant women generally in accordance with national recommendations. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Defining the limits of homology modeling in information‐driven protein docking
Authors: Rodrigues J. P. G. L. M. , Melquiond A. S. J. , Karaca E. , Trellet M. , van Dijk M. , van Zundert G. C. P. , Schmitz C. , de Vries S. J. , Bordogna A. , Bonati L. , Kastritis P. L. , Bonvin Alexandre M. J. J. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTInformation‐driven docking is currently one of the most successful approaches to obtain structural models of protein interactions as demonstrated in the latest round of CAPRI. While various experimental and computational techniques can be used to retrieve information about the binding mode, the availability of three‐dimensional structures of the interacting partners remains a limiting factor. Fortunately, the wealth of structural information gathered by large‐scale initiatives allows for homology‐based modeling of a significant fraction of the protein universe. Defining the limits of information‐driven docking based on such homology models is therefore highly relevant. Here we show, using previous CAPRI targets, that out of a variety of measures, the global sequence identity between template and target is a simple but reliable predictor of the achievable quality of the docking models. This indicates that a well‐defined overall fold is critical for the interaction. Furthermore, the quality of the data at our disposal to characterize the interaction plays a determinant role in the success of the docking. Given reliable interface information we can obtain acceptable predictions even at low global sequence identity. These results, which define the boundaries between trustworthy and unreliable predictions, should guide both experts and nonexperts in defining the limits of what is achievable by docking. This is highly relevant considering that the fraction of the interactome amenable for docking is only bound to grow as the number of experimentally solved structures increases. Proteins 2013; 81:2119–2128. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Symmetry classes for odd‐order tensors
Authors: Olive M. , Auffray N. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractWe give a complete general answer to the problem, recurrent in continuum mechanics, of determining the number and type of symmetry classes of an odd‐order tensor space. This kind of investigation was initiated for the space of elasticity tensors. Since then, this problem has been solved for other kinds of physics such as photoelectricity, piezoelectricity, flexoelectricity, and strain‐gradient elasticity. In all the aforementioned papers, the results are obtained after some lengthy computations. In a former contribution we provide general theorems that solve the problem for even‐order tensor spaces. In this paper we extend these results to the situation of odd‐order tensor spaces. As an illustration of this method, and for the first time, the symmetry classes of all odd‐order tensors of Mindlin second strain‐gradient elasticity are provided.
Voluntarism as an investment in human, social and financial capital: evidence from a farmer-to-farmer extension program in Kenya
Authors: Kiptot Evelyne , Franzel Steven 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
A decline in public sector extension services in developing countries has led to an increasing emphasis on alternative extension approaches that are participatory, demand-driven, client-oriented, and farmer centered. One such approach is the volunteer farmer-trainer (VFT) approach, a form of farmer-to-farmer extension where VFTs host demonstration plots and share information on improved agricultural practices within their community. VFTs are trained by extension staff and they in turn train other farmers. A study was conducted to understand the rationale behind the decisions of smallholder farmers to volunteer their time and resources to train other farmers without pay and to continue volunteering. Data were gathered through focus group discussions and individual interviews involving 99 VFTs. Findings of the study showed that VFTs were motivated by a combination of personal and community interests that were influenced by religious beliefs, cultural norms, and social and economic incentives. Altruism, gaining knowledge and skills, and social benefits were the most frequently mentioned motivating factors for becoming VFTs.3 years after starting, the income earned from selling associated inputs and services was also a main motivating factor. There were no significant differences between motivating factors for men and women VFTs. The findings point to the fact that VFTs work effectively without being paid, but investments in human, social, and financial capital are crucial to keeping them motivated. These factors are key to ensuring the sustainability of farmer-to-farmer extension programs beyond the projects’ lifespan.
The seven sins of consumer psychology
Authors: Pham Michel Tuan 
Published: August 2013

AbstractConsumer psychology faces serious issues of internal and external relevance. Most of these issues originate in seven fundamental problems with the way consumer psychologists plan and conduct their research—problems that could be called “the seven sins of consumer psychology.” These seven “sins” are (1) a narrow conception of the scope of consumer behavior research; (2) adoption of a narrow set of theoretical lenses; (3) adherence to a narrow epistemology of consumer research; (4) an almost exclusive emphasis on psychological processes as opposed to psychological content; (5) a strong tendency to overgeneralize from finite empirical results, both as authors and as reviewers; (6) a predisposition to design studies based on methodological convenience rather than on substantive considerations; and (7) a pervasive confusion between “theories of studies” and studies of theories. Addressing these problems (“atoning for these sins”) would greatly enhance the relevance of the field. However, this may require a substantial rebalancing of the field's incentives to reward actual research impact rather than sheer number of publications in major journals.
Access to Multiple Sclerosis Specialty Care
Authors: Turner Aaron P. , Chapko Michael K. , Yanez David , Leipertz Steve L. , Sloan Alicia P. , Whitham Ruth H. , Haselkorn Jodie K. 
Published: August 2013

BackgroundHealth care providers recommend an annual visit to a multiple sclerosis specialty care provider.ObjectiveTo examine potential barriers to the implementation of this recommendation in the Veterans Health Administration.DesignObservational cohort study.SettingVeterans Health Administration.ParticipantsParticipants were drawn from the Veterans Affairs Multiple Sclerosis National Data Repository and were included if they had an outpatient visit in 2007 and were alive in 2008 (N = 14,723).Main Outcome MeasurementsSpecialty care visit, receipt of medical services.ResultsA total of 9643 (65.5%) participants had a specialty care visit in 2007. Veterans who were service connected, had greater medical comorbidity, and who lived in urban settings were more likely to have received a specialty care visit. Veterans who were older and had to travel greater distances to a center were less likely to have a specialty care visit.ConclusionsAccess to care in rural areas and areas at a greater distance from a major medical center represent notable barriers to rehabilitation and other multiple sclerosis–related care.
The dual dynamics of policy advisory systems: The impact of externalization and politicization on policy advice
Authors: Craft Jonathan , Howlett Michael 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe concept of “policy advisory systems” was introduced by Halligan in 1995 as a way to characterize and analyze the multiple sources of policy advice utilized by governments in policy-making processes. The concept has proved useful and has influenced thinking about both the nature of policy work in different advisory venues, as well as how these systems work and change over time. This article sets out existing models of policy advisory systems based on Halligan's original thinking on the subject which emphasize the significance of location or proximity to authoritative decision-makers as a key facet of advisory system influence. It assesses how advisory systems have changed as a result of the dual effects of the increased use of external consultants and others sources of advice — ‘externalization’ — and the increased use of partisan-political advice inside government itself — ‘politicization’. It is argued that these twin dynamics have blurred traditionally sharp distinctions between both the content of inside and outside sources of advice and between the technical and political dimensions of policy formulation, ultimately affecting where influence in advisory systems lies.
UNDERSTANDING THE DESERTION OF SOUTH CAROLINIAN SOLDIERS DURING THE FINAL YEARS OF THE CONFEDERACY
Authors: DOYLE PATRICK J. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTAlthough the American Civil War is perhaps the most written about event in American history, the issue of desertion has often retained a neglected position in the conflict's dense historiography. Those historians who have studied military absenteeism during the war have tended to emphasize socio-economic factors as motivating men to leave the army and return home. The Register of Confederate Deserters, a list of southern soldiers who crossed into Union lines and took an oath of loyalty in order to try and return home, can provide a different look at these men. By studying the South Carolinian men on the Register, as a case-study, we can see that ideological, as well as socio-economic, motivations occupied the thought process of Civil War deserters. Moreover, the act of desertion was rarely a simple representation of the thoughts of the individual but of the opinions and feelings of his family and community as well. As such, studying Confederate desertion not only helps us understand the issues of loyalty and nationalism during the Civil War, but also the way in which nineteenth-century southerners conceptualized the world around them.
A comparison of three statistical methods for analysing extinction threat status
Authors: TAFT HEATHER R. , ROFF DEREK A. , KOMONEN ATTE , KOTIAHO JANNE S. 
Published: August 2013

SUMMARYThe International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List provides a globally-recognized evaluation of the conservation status of species, with the aim of catalysing appropriate conservation action. However, in some parts of the world, species data may be lacking or insufficient to predict risk status. If species with shared ecological or life history characteristics also tend to share their risk of extinction, then ecological or life history characteristics may be used to predict which species may be at risk, although perhaps not yet classified as such by the IUCN. Statistical models may be a means to determine whether there are non-threatened or unclassified species that share the characteristics of threatened species, however there are no data on which model might be most appropriate or whether multiple models should be used. In this paper, three types of statistical models, namely regression trees, logistic regression and discriminant function analysis are compared using data on the ecological characteristics of Finnish lepidopterans (butterflies and moths). Overall, logistic regression performed slightly better than discriminant function analysis in predicting species status, and both outperformed regression trees. Uncertainty in species classification suggests that multiple analyses should be performed and particular attention devoted to those species for which the methods disagree. Such standard statistical methods may be a valuable additional tool in assessing the likely threat status of a species where there is a paucity of abundance data.
Pain relief, spiritual needs, and family support: Three central areas in intercultural palliative care
Authors: Hanssen Ingrid , Pedersen Gry 
Published: August 2013

AbstractObjective:The purpose of this study was to draw out and coalesce the topic-specific information found in research literature regarding the provision of culturally sensitive palliative practice.Method:This was a literature study and Gadamerian hermeneutic text analysis.Results:It is more difficult to assess the level of pain in ethnic minority patients, and healthcare providers may become frustrated and interpret pain symptoms as fabrication. These patients are more likely to receive inadequate pain medication. Physical symptom management has become the priority in palliative care, but pain must also be viewed from the perspective of its social, cultural, and spiritual significance. Collectivist values may lead to an other-reliant and dependent coping style. This and religious demands may cause the family to rally around the patient. Many dying patients wish to be cared for at home by their families, but as the patient often has complex needs, the family may not be able to cope with the patient's care.Significance of results:Formal education and in-service programs are needed for healthcare providers, together with empirical studies regarding how to achieve more culturally appropriate care in intercultural palliative practice. The immigrant population needs to be educated about cancer and the various kinds of palliative and hospice care offered in the society in which they now live.
Assessing DNA damage from enzyme-oxidized single-walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Pan Shenmin , Sardesai Naimish P. , Liu Hongyun , Li Dandan , Rusling James F. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Peroxidase enzyme digests of oxidized single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were shown to damage DNA in potentially genotoxic reactions for the first time using an electro-optical array with and without metabolic activation.
Initiation of GalNAc-type O-glycosylation in the endoplasmic reticulum promotes cancer cell invasiveness
Authors: Gill David J. , Tham Keit Min , Chia Joanne , Wang Shyi Chyi , Steentoft Catharina , Clausen Henrik , Bard-Chapeau Emilie A. , Bard Frederic A. 
Published: August 2013

SignificanceHow cancer cells become invasive is key to understanding malignancy. Perturbations in O-glycosylation are strongly correlated with invasiveness. Here we report that tumor cells display relocation of O-glycosylation initiating glycosyltransferases from the Golgi apparatus to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). ER-located O-glycosylation stimulates cell migration and invasiveness, which depend on cell surface O-glycoproteins. Inhibition of the glycosyltransferases in the ER reduces tissue invasion and metastasis formation in mice. Our study suggests that control of glycosylation via the subcellular localization of glycosyltransferases is a critical mechanism driving invasiveness in tumor cells.