bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconnecting children to nature: The efficacy of a wildlife intervention depends on local nature and socio‐economic context, but not on urbanisation
Authors: Jensen Johan Kjellberg , Alkan Olsson Johanna , von Post Maria , Isaksson Caroline 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Children's interactions with nature are important mediators of health benefits and future relationships with nature and conservation. However, there are growing concerns that children are becoming disconnected from nature as societal changes make natural environments and their affordances less accessible. There is now a need to explore ways to reconnect children to nature.

We evaluated bird feeding as an environmental education intervention on species knowledge, attitudes towards birds and well‐being of children (aged 10–11 years) in 14 urban and rural schools across three city regions. We used surveys to investigate the role of urbanisation and socio‐economic factors in children's relationships with nature and possible modulating effects on the intervention response.

Local nature, close to the children's homes, was associated with better well‐being and modulated the effect of the intervention on species knowledge: children from areas with less local nature gained more from the project. Urbanisation per se had no direct impacts but did correlate with the types of affordances associated with nature by the children, suggesting differences in how urban and rural children utilise nature.

We found that socio‐economic factors impacted pre‐existing species knowledge and attitudes towards nature. Higher education was associated with better species knowledge. Higher income correlated with children participating in more outdoor activities, which subsequently correlated with more positive attitudes towards birds. Species knowledge also correlated with positive attitudes. We found large differences in the intervention impact between schools, likely explained by a pivotal role of teachers facilitating nature interactions in school‐based projects.

Our findings show that bird feeding has potential as an intervention to connect children with nature, but ecological and social contexts moderate its efficacy. Local greenspace and socio‐economics influenced children's relationships with nature in both urban and rural areas, indicating that local conditions rather than urbanisation levels govern connection to nature. Role models appeared crucial, suggesting that specialised environmental education organisations have significant potential to enhance nature connection through interventions, particularly in areas with low socio‐economic levels and sparse nature.

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Facile fabrication of polyurethane/poly(methyl methacrylate) semi‐interpenetrating polymer networks for enhanced mechanical and thermal properties
Authors: Tiwari Pragya , Bhardwaj Shakshi , Singh Shiva , Maji Pradip K. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe primary objective of this research is to fabricate semi‐interpenetrating polymer networks (semi‐IPNs) via in‐situ polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) within a polyurethane (PU) framework. To produce polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) from MMA in the PU matrix, solution polymerization was utilized in the following weight ratios: 30/70, 50/50, 70/30, and 90/10. The effective formation of semi‐IPNs of PU/PMMA was confirmed by several techniques. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) proves that no new chemical bonds formed between the semi‐IPNs, and only physical interactions were present, and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) techniques tell about the amorphous nature of these semi‐IPNs. The field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM) were utilized to examine the morphology of PU/PMMA semi‐IPNs. In contrast to alternative semi‐IPNs, 70/30 and 90/10 PU/PMMA exhibit a uniform morphology devoid of phase separation. Furthermore, the significant thermal stability and transitions of these semi‐IPNs were assessed using a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Additionally, the mechanical analysis indicates that among the different percentages of PU/PMMA, 70/30 PU/PMMA exhibits the highest tensile strength of approximately 50.5 MPa. The observed enhancement in mechanical strength can be attributed to interpenetrating networks (IPNs) formed between the constituents. The synthesized PU/PMMA semi‐IPNs have potential in various fields, including medical devices, automotive components, sports, and other advanced applications.
A dielectric elastomer actuator with a large actuated strain enabled by CaCu3Ti4O12/MXene/silicone dielectric composite
Authors: Duan Lei , Yin Yanjun , Zhang Weisong , Zhao Peichen , Zhao Che , Wei Xuejiao 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs) have garnered widespread attention due to their unique blend of attributes, including high energy density, exceptional efficiency, inherent softness, silent operation, and muscle‐like performance, all of which are highly desirable for soft robotics applications. However, despite these benefits, the practical application of DEAs is hindered by their low dielectric constant and relatively small actuated deformation. In this work, we significantly enhanced the actuated strain of dielectric elastomer actuators by integrating a composite material consisting of CaCu3Ti4O12/MXene/silicone elastomers. We combined conductive MXene nanosheets (MX) synthesized via solution etching technique with dielectric CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) particles. The KH550 is utilized as a coupling agent for the modification of the mixed CCTO‐MX particles. The CCTO‐MXK/PDMS film, with a well‐dispersed 2.5 wt% filling fraction, exhibits a remarkable dielectric constant of 7.91 at 100 Hz, coupled with an outstanding actuated performance of 9.36% at 13.3 V μm−1. These results are instrumental in furthering the fabrication of DEAs with substantial actuated strain, paving the way for advancements in this field.Highlights
The CCTO‐MXK/PDMS films, comprising modified CaCu3Ti4O12 and MXene particles along with the KH550 coupling agent, were successfully prepared.
The high dielectric constant and sensitivity of CCTO‐MXK/PDMS film were studied.
The mechanism of actuated strain enhancement of CCTO‐MXK/PDMS film was analyzed from macroscopic and microscopic levels.
Photo‐responsive systems based on anisotropic composites of poly(N‐vinyl formamide) and active fillers using directional freezing combined with gamma irradiation crosslinking
Authors: Osicka Josef , Ilcikova Marketa , Mrlík Miroslav , Popelka Anton , Matus Peter , Han Dong Suk , Kasak Peter 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study deals with the fabrication of smart anisotropic composite systems capable of reacting to light stimulus and reversibly providing significant change in the length. Surface‐modified carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and poly(pyrrole) (PPy) nanotubes were used as photoactive fillers. Anisotropic composites containing these fillers and poly(N‐vinyl formamide) (PNVF) matrix were fabricated using a directional freezing technique with freezable monomer, N‐vinyl formamide (NVF), as structure guiding medium and subsequent gamma irradiation polymerization and crosslinking technique. The dielectric properties showed that there is the presence of both relaxation processes α and β, which are significantly influenced by the presence of photoactive filler. The anisotropic distribution of fillers in samples was confirmed using microscopical, electrical conductivity and mechanical properties analysis. Finally, the photoactuation capabilities were investigated and showed enhanced photoactive response for the anisotropic system in the change in the length up to 54 μm after irradiation at 627 nm with a very low light intensity of 6 mW cm−2 in a fully reversible and repeatable manner. The simple, affordable, and industrially scalable fabrication technique opens an avenue for smart anisotropic photoactive composite systems.
Simultaneous Inference Using Multiple Marginal Models
Authors: Hothorn Ludwig A. , Ritz Christian , Schaarschmidt Frank , Jensen Signe M. , Ristl Robin 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTThis tutorial describes single‐step low‐dimensional simultaneous inference with a focus on the availability of adjusted p values and compatible confidence intervals for more than just the usual mean value comparisons. The basic idea is, first, to use the influence of correlation on the quantile of the multivariate t‐distribution: the higher the less conservative. In addition, second, the estimability of the correlation matrix using the multiple marginal models approach (mmm) using multiple models in the class of linear up to generalized linear mixed models. The underlying maxT‐test using mmm is discussed by means of several real data scenarios using selected R packages. Surprisingly, different features are highlighted, among them: (i) analyzing different‐scaled, correlated, multiple endpoints, (ii) analyzing multiple correlated binary endpoints, (iii) modeling dose as qualitative factor and/or quantitative covariate, (iv) joint consideration of several tuning parameters within the poly‐k trend test, (v) joint testing of dose and time, (vi) considering several effect sizes, (vii) joint testing of subgroups and overall population in multiarm randomized clinical trials with correlated primary endpoints, (viii) multiple linear mixed effect models, (ix) generalized estimating equations, and (x) nonlinear regression models.
Preparation of Passion Fruit Peel Extract/Polydopamine/Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose Film and Its Application in Banana Preservation
Authors: Zhu Meiyan , Yu Jiahui , Zhang Ling , Zhu Liang 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of blending passion fruit peel extract (PFPE) with polydopamine (PDA) solution and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) to prepare the properties of PFPE/PDA/HPMC composite films for their application in fruit and vegetable packaging. PFPE was extracted by ultrasonic‐assisted extraction method, which is simple, easy to operate and has high extraction efficiency, PFPE and dopamine were subjected to PFPE/PDA solution preparation, which in turn led to the preparation of HPMC, PFPE/PDA/HPMC films at different concentrations (0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%), and 10% PDA/HPMC and PFPE/HPMC films were prepared with PDA and PFPE solutions, respectively. The interactions between the components in the films were analysed by infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray diffractometer, and the colour, mechanical properties, barrier properties and antioxidant activity of the films were determined. The results showed that the addition of PFPE/PDA solution had a positive effect on the performance of the films. The tensile strength of the composite films was 8.21 MPa, the elongation at break was 85.02% and the water vapour transmission was 2.62 × 10−14 g·mm/(cm2·h·Pa) when the content of PFPE/PDA was 20% compared to that of HPMC films; the DPPH radical scavenging rate and hydroxyl radical scavenging rate of the films increased with the increase of PFPE/PDA concentration, and the DPPH radical scavenging rate of the film with 20% additive was 28.71% and the hydroxyl radical scavenging rate was 34.77%, which were much higher than that of the HPMC film. The simulated bananas were stored at room temperature together with the films and stored at 25°C and tested every day, and it was found that the bananas without packaging film began to show browning on the third day, while the film with 20% additive still did not show obvious browning on the fifth day, so the addition of PFPE/PDA could effectively delay the browning of bananas and prolong their shelf life. In summary, this study improves the use value of passion fruit peel waste and provides new effective packaging for fresh bananas, while it can also provide a new way for the development of degradable films from plant extracts.
Stochastic modeling and optimization of turbogenerator performance using meta‐heuristic techniques
Authors: Sinwar Deepak , Kumar Naveen , Kumar Ashish , Saini Monika 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe objective of this paper is to identify the most sensitive component of a turbogenerator and optimize its availability. To achieve this, we begin by conducting an initial reliability, availability, maintainability, and dependability (RAMD) analysis on each component. Subsequently, a novel stochastic model is developed to analyze the steady‐state availability of the turbogenerator, employing a Markov birth‐death process. In this model, failure and repair rates are assumed to follow an exponential distribution and are statistically independent. To optimize the proposed stochastic model, we employ four population‐based meta‐heuristic approaches: the grey wolf optimization (GWO), the dragonfly algorithm (DA), the grasshopper optimization algorithm (GOA), and the whale optimization algorithm (WOA). These algorithms are utilized to find the optimal solution by iteratively improving the availability of the turbogenerator. The performance of each algorithm is evaluated in terms of system availability and execution time, allowing us to identify the most efficient algorithm for this task. Based on the numerical results, it is evident that the WOA outperforms the GWO, GOA, and DA in terms of both system availability and execution time.
Spontaneous Disentanglement of Indistinguishable Particles
Authors: Buks Eyal 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA master equation containing a nonlinear term that gives rise to disentanglement has been recently explored. Here, a modified version, which is applicable for indistinguishable particles, is proposed, and studied for both the Bose–Hubbard and the Fermi–Hubbard models. It is found for both Bosons and Fermions that disentanglement can give rise to quantum phase transitions.
Stationary Quantum Entanglement and Asymmetric Steering in Cavity Magnonic System with Floquet Field and Coherent Feedback
Authors: Guan Si‐Yu , Wang Hong‐Fu , Yi Xuexi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA scheme is proposed to prepare quantum entanglement and quantum steering between two indirectly coupled microwave cavity modes within a hybrid cavity magnonic system. The system consists of two microwave cavities individually coupled to a common YIG sphere driven by a two‐tone Floquet field, while the output field of the second microwave cavity is fed back into the input port of the first microwave cavity via a coherent feedback loop. Floquet driving can effectively generate two interactions between magnons and photons. Magnons with higher dissipation can serve as a cooling channel for the two cavity modes. Optimal quantum correlations between the cavity modes can be achieved when the competition between these two interactions reaches equilibrium. Subsequently, a comparative analysis is performed on the evolution of quantum correlation with and without coherent feedback, revealing that the presence of a coherent feedback loop in the system not only significantly enhances entanglement and steering but also induces inherent asymmetry in quantum steering regardless of the decay rates within subsystems. Moreover, under the influence of the coherent feedback loop, the enhanced quantum correlations exhibit increased robustness against rising environmental temperatures. This work significantly expands the validity of implementation and provides a promising avenue for the preparation of stable quantum correlations.
The developing flood rich period: Science evidence and policy evolution for England. Is it time for place‐based socio‐ecological solutions?
Authors: Newson Malcolm , Lewin John 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFlood‐related policies for England are reviewed, updating needs in the light of recent flood‐rich decades and in recognition of future climate trends. This review updates one we published in 2021—a significant year for extreme floods in Europe that were part of a continuing trend; governments now require fast‐track adaptation and resilience policies. Currently, the event signals that increasing spatial and temporal variability of impacts are insufficiently incorporated in hazard/risk assessments. We advocate a transformative policy change towards place‐based strategies, based on the fast‐emerging evidence from three sciences: hydroclimatology, hydrology and hydromorphology. It is vital that policy actions recognise factors such as atmospheric rivers, surface water flooding, and the role of eroded and transported sediments in localised hazards and risks. Located vulnerabilities require local strategies. Attribution of extreme events to climate change, and the recognition and specification of genuinely vulnerable sites, need further refinement and extension into public decision making. Risk assessment needs reform, both from science but also for institutions and individuals, with accompanying reform of flood risk management expenditure. Data analysis of rainfall and river flows need more disciplined clarity; standard sets are needed together with their variable spatial/temporal application. We further recognise sediment hazards (and other entrained debris spread in flood flows) as new and important components for the located risk of present and emerging ‘hot spots’.
Multiple Electron Transfer in Semiconductive Ternary D‐D'‐A Metal‐Organic Framework for Enhanced X‐Ray Detection and Imaging
Authors: Wei Qingsong , Liu Jingyan , Wu Liang , Chen Fuhai , Ye Yuanji , Zhang Shuquan , Zhu Yanan , Chen Yong , You Minghua , Liao Qing , Lin Meijin , Chen Hongming 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSemiconductive metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with donor–acceptor (D–A) characteristics have garnered attractive attention due to their capacity for separating and transferring photogenerated charges, making them promising candidates for high‐performance X‐ray detectors. However, the low charge transfer efficiency between the metal nodes and organic ligands limits the X‐ray‐to‐electricity conversion efficiency of these materials. Herein, an additional photoactive donor (D’) is introduced by incorporating a heavy atom‐containing polyoxometalate (POM) [α‐SiW12O40]4− into a binary {[Ni·bcbp·(H2O)2]·(H2O)4·Cl}n (Ni‐bcbp, bcbp: H2bcbp·2Cl = 1,1′‐bis(4‐carboxyphenyl)(4,4′‐bipyridinium) dichloride) MOF, resulting in a semiconductive ternary D‐D'‐A framework {[Ni2(bcbp)2·(H2O)4·(DMA)]·(SiW12O40)}n (SiW@Ni‐bcbp, DMA: dimethylacetamide). The obtained material features an unprecedented porous 8‐connected bcu‐net structure that accommodates nanoscale [α‐SiW12O40]4− counterions, displaying uncommon optoelectronic responses. In contrast to binary Ni‐bcbp, the SiW@Ni‐bcbp framework exhibits distinctive photochromism and robust X‐ray responsiveness, which can be attributed to the synergistic effects of the electron reservoir and multiple photoinduced electron transfer originating from the POMs. As a result, the X‐ray detector based on SiW@Ni‐bcbp demonstrates a sensitivity of 5741.6 µC Gyair−1 cm−2 with a low detection limit of 0.49 µGyair s−1. Moreover, the devices demonstrated the capability of producing clearness X‐ray images, providing a feasible and stable solution for constructing high‐performance direct X‐ray detectors.
Controlled Crystallization and Enhanced Performance of γ‐CsPbI3 Perovskite Through Methylammonium Iodide‐Assisted Coevaporation
Authors: Chen Wenhao , Zhou Shengxing , Cao Jiale , Yuan Ligang , Liu Weiqing 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCesium lead triiodide (CsPbI3) perovskites have garnered significant attention owing to their suitable bandgap for tandem silicon substrates and excellent chemical stability. However, γ‐CsPbI3 prepared via low‐temperature co‐evaporation is limited by a narrow black phase processing window and random crystal orientation, hindering its optoelectronic performance and industrial applications. This study introduced trace amounts of methylammonium iodide (MAI) into the co‐evaporation system, enhancing the crystallization process, promoting columnar grain growth, and stabilizing the γ‐phase perovskite, resulting in films with improved structural integrity and reduced defect density. The optimal Pb/Cs ratio for achieving the best photoelectric performance shifted from 1:1 to 1.1:1 in the presence of MAI. Additionally, the incorporation of MAI allowed for more efficient longitudinal carrier transport, as evidenced by the enhanced photoluminescence (PL) intensity. The bandgap of CsPbI3 remained approximately at 1.7 eV before the δ‐phase transition, ensuring suitability for photovoltaic applications. Ultimately, a photovoltaic device with 12% efficiency is achieved in the p‐i‐n structure without additional post‐annealing of the CsPbI3 perovskite films, demonstrating the practical benefits of MAI incorporation.
Life cycle models for university‐scale sounding rockets: A three‐dimensional review
Authors: Alsudairi Ahmad Nayef Salih , Rafie Azmin Shakrine Mohd , Algarni Abdullah Mohammad , Ali Syaril Azrad Bin Md , Gires Ezanee Bin , Abdullah Amini Amir Bin , Aljuhaiman Ibrahim Mohammad 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDesigning a sounding rocket is an interdisciplinary activity, involving many domains and many stages. The alignment between the disciplines and life cycle stages is not straightforward. Much effort is required in life cycle model management and tailoring processes. In this article, an objective was set to make a comparative study and analysis of life cycle concepts related to Malaysian university‐scale sounding rocket development, to assist in any future life cycle tailoring. Toward that goal, a comprehensive review and analysis of the related life cycle models was performed. The review covered three dimensions: engineering standards, aerospace vehicle design (AVD), and actual sounding rockets projects. Many reviewed models were re‐prescribed using model‐based systems engineering (MBSE) diagrams. This allowed greater insight and better assistance for any future tailoring. This expedition stresses the importance of the proposed three‐dimensional reviewing of life cycles. Unconventional life cycle models (e.g., Western vs. Eastern) have also been included. It is argued that mapping the standards onto actual projects improved insight. One of the important outcomes is the demonstration of the importance of the concept of the centrality of the values in the development process, which shall govern the stakeholders’ requirements.