bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring associations between lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and gastrointestinal (GI) problems in women: a study in women with urological and GI problems vs a control population
Authors: Wyndaele Michel , De Winter Benedicte Y. , Pelckmans Paul A. , De Wachter Stefan , Van Outryve Mark , Wyndaele Jean Jacques 
Published: August 2014

ObjectivesTo study the prevalence of self‐reported lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in women consulting a Gastroenterology clinic with complaints of functional constipation (FC), fecal incontinence (FI) or both, compared with a female control population. Also, to study the influence of FC, FI, or both on self‐reported LUTS in women attending a Urology clinic.Patients and MethodsWe present a retrospective study of data collected through a validated self‐administered bladder and bowel symptom questionnaire in a tertiary referral hospital from three different female populations: 104 controls, 159 gastroenterological patients and 410 urological patients. Based on the reported bowel symptoms, patients were classified as having FC, FI, a combination of both, or, no FC or FI. LUTS were compared between the control population and the gastroenterological patients, and between urological patients with and without concomitant gastroenterological complaints. Results were corrected for possible confounders through logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe prevalence of LUTS in the control population was similar to large population‐based studies. Nocturia was significantly more prevalent in gastroenterological patients with FI compared with the control population [odds ratio (OR) 9.1]. Female gastroenterological patients with FC more often reported straining to void (OR 10.3), intermittency (OR 5.5), need to immediately re‐void (OR 3.7) and feeling of incomplete emptying (OR 10.5) compared with the control population. In urological patients, urgency (94%) and urgency urinary incontinence (UUI, 54% of UI) were reported more often by patients with FI than by patients without gastroenterological complaints (58% and 30% of UI respectively), whereas intermittency (OR 3.6), need to immediately re‐void (OR 2.2) and feeling of incomplete emptying (OR 2.2) were reported more often by patients with FC than by patients without gastroenterological complaints.ConclusionAs LUTS are reported significantly more often by female gastroenterological patients than by a control population, and as there is a difference in self‐reported LUTS between female urological patients with different concomitant gastroenterological complaints, we suggest that general practitioners, gastroenterologists and urologists should always include the assessment of symptoms of the other pelvic organ system in their patient evaluation. The clinical correlations between bowel symptoms and LUTS may be explained by underlying neurological mechanisms.
Topographic determinants of mobile vertebrate predator hotspots: current knowledge and future directions
Authors: Bouchet Phil J. , Meeuwig Jessica J. , Salgado Kent Chandra P. , Letessier Tom B. , Jenner Curt K. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTDespite being identified as a driver of mobile predator aggregations (hotspots) in both marine and terrestrial environments, topographic complexity has long remained a challenging concept for scientists to visualise and a difficult parameter to estimate. It is only with the advent of high‐speed computers and the recent popularisation of geographical information systems (GIS) that terrain attributes have begun to be quantitatively measured in three‐dimensional space and related to wildlife dynamics, making the well‐established field of geomorphometry (or ‘digital terrain modelling’) a discipline of growing appeal to biologists. Although a diverse array of numerical metrics is now available to describe the shape, geometry and physical properties of natural habitats, few of these are known to, or adequately used by, ecologists. In this review, we examine the nature and usage of 56 geomorphometrics extracted from the ecological modelling literature over a period of 32 years (1979–2011). We show that, in studies of mobile predators, numerous topographic variables have largely been overlooked in favour of single basic metrics that do not, on their own, fully capture the complexity of continuous landscapes. Based on a simulation approach, we assess the redundancy and correlation structure of these metrics and demonstrate that a majority are highly collinear. We highlight a suite of 7–8 complementary metrics which best explain topographic patterns across a bathymetric grid of the west Australian seafloor, and contend that field and analytical protocols should prioritise variables of these types, particularly when the responses of predator populations to physical habitat features are of interest. We suggest that prominent structures such as canyons, seamounts or mountain chains can serve as useful proxies for predator hotspots, especially in remote locations where access to high‐resolution biological data is often limited.
Typology of Student Citizenship
Authors: Geboers Ellen , Geijsel Femke , Admiraal Wilfried , ten Dam Geert 
Published: August 2014

AbstractMost of the empirical frameworks and theories concerned with the development of citizenship today are quite complex and only provide some guidance for what citizenship education should attend to; they do not provide insight into the actual citizenship of students. We constructed a typology of student citizenship, on the basis of data collected from students. Patterns of scores for the citizenship orientations and citizenship knowledge of students were examined, and four clearly interpretable profiles could be identified (committed citizenship, indifferent citizenship, ordinary citizenship and self‐assured citizenship). A sample of 7,768 students from grades 5 to 9 (aged 11–16 years) from 38 primary and secondary education schools participated in this research. The typology was then cross‐validated on a separate sample of 15,940 students from Dutch primary and secondary education schools. The types of the citizenship differed depending on the individual demographic characteristics of the students and their level of education. Implications of the typology for citizenship education and future research are discussed.
Comparative evaluation of potential indicators and temporal sampling protocols for monitoring genetic erosion
Authors: Hoban Sean , Arntzen Jan A. , Bruford Michael W. , Godoy José A. , Rus Hoelzel A. , Segelbacher Gernot , Vilà Carles , Bertorelle Giorgio 
Published: August 2014

AbstractGenetic biodiversity contributes to individual fitness, species' evolutionary potential, and ecosystem stability. Temporal monitoring of the genetic status and trends of wild populations' genetic diversity can provide vital data to inform policy decisions and management actions. However, there is a lack of knowledge regarding which genetic metrics, temporal sampling protocols, and genetic markers are sufficiently sensitive and robust, on conservation‐relevant timescales. Here, we tested six genetic metrics and various sampling protocols (number and arrangement of temporal samples) for monitoring genetic erosion following demographic decline. To do so, we utilized individual‐based simulations featuring an array of different initial population sizes, types and severity of demographic decline, and DNA markers [single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and microsatellites] as well as decline followed by recovery. Number of alleles markedly outperformed other indicators across all situations. The type and severity of demographic decline strongly affected power, while the number and arrangement of temporal samples had small effect. Sampling 50 individuals at as few as two time points with 20 microsatellites performed well (good power), and could detect genetic erosion while 80–90% of diversity remained. This sampling and genotyping effort should often be affordable. Power increased substantially with more samples or markers, and we observe that power of 2500 SNPs was nearly equivalent to 250 microsatellites, a result of theoretical and practical interest. Our results suggest high potential for using historic collections in monitoring programs, and demonstrate the need to monitor genetic as well as other levels of biodiversity.
Dynamic respiratory endoscopic findings pre‐ and post laryngoplasty inThoroughbred racehorses
Authors: Leutton J. L. , Lumsden J. M. 
Published: August 2014

SummaryReasons for performing studyTo investigate laryngeal function in cases of recurrent laryngeal neuropathy pre‐ and post laryngoplasty (LP) using dynamic respiratory endoscopy (DRE).ObjectivesTo compare therima glottidisarea duringDREpre‐ and postLP; document all forms of dynamic upper airway obstruction (DUAO) pre‐ and postLPand investigate the relationship between post operative abduction at rest and exercise.Study designProspective case series.MethodsThoroughbred racehorses with pre‐ and postLP DREwere included. Left‐to‐right arytenoid cartilage angle ratios andrima glottidisarea ratios were used to quantify laryngeal function during rest and exercise, pre‐ and postLP.ResultsIn 35 horses, mean pre‐LPratios were greater during rest (left‐to‐right quotient angle ratio [LRQ] 0.76 ± 0.13; left‐to‐right arytenoid ratio [LRR] 0.72 ± 0.14;rima glottidisarea ratio [RGA] 0.40 ± 0.10) than exercise (LRQ0.39 ± 0.16, P<0.001;LRR0.38 ± 0.16, P<0.001;RGA0.15 ± 0.05, P<0.001). Exercising ratios were larger postLP(LRQ0.61 ± 0.13;LRR0.60 ± 0.12;RGA0.30 ± 0.08) than pre‐LP(LRQ0.39 ± 0.16, P<0.001;LRR0.38 ± 0.16, P<0.001;RGA0.15 ± 0.05, P<0.001). A positive linear relationship was found between postLPresting and exercising ratios (R2= 0.48; P<0.001) and post operative abduction grades (R2= 0.63; P<0.001). Pre‐LPall horses demonstrated left arytenoid cartilage collapse with bilateral vocal cord collapse and 37% had aryepiglottic fold collapse. PostLP13 horses (37%) developed additionalDUAOs and these horses had smallerRGAs (0.25 ± 0.08) than horses that did not developDUAOs (0.32 ± 0.07, P = 0.01).ConclusionsMultiple forms ofDUAOoccurred pre‐LPand additional forms often developed postLP. PostLPthe degree of arytenoid cartilage abduction at rest was useful to predict the degree of abduction during exercise.
A pilot study of angiogenin in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a novel potential biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis?
Authors: Jiang Hong , Zhang Lei , Yu Ying , Liu Ming , Jin Xuejuan , Zhang Peipei , Yu Peng , Zhang Shuning , Zhu Hongmin , Chen Ruizhen , Zou Yunzeng , Ge Junbo 
Published: August 2014

AbstractCharacteristics of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFPEF) have not yet been fully understood. The objectives of this pilot study are to detect protein expression profile in the sera of HFPEF patients, and to identify potential biomarkers for the disease. Five hundred and seven proteins were detected in the sera of healthy volunteers and patients with either HFPEF or hypertension using antibody microarrays (three in each group). The results showed that the serum concentrations of 17 proteins (e.g. angiogenin, activin A and artemin) differed considerably between HFPEF and non‐HFPEF patients (hypertensive patients and healthy controls), while a protein expression pattern distinct from that in non‐HFPEF patients was associated with HFPEF patients. The up‐regulation of angiogenin in both HFPEF patients with LVEF ≥50% (P = 0.004) and a subset of HFPEF patients with LVEF = 41–49% (P < 0.001) was further validated in 16 HFPEF patients and 16 healthy controls. Meanwhile, angiogenin distinguished HFPEF patients from controls with a mean area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.88 (P < 0.001) and a diagnostic cut‐off point of 426 ng/ml. Moreover, the angiogenin levels in HFPEF patients were positively correlated with Lg(N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide, NT‐proBNP) (P < 0.001). In addition, high angiogenin level (≥426 ng/ml) was a predictor of all‐cause death within a short‐term follow‐up duration, but not in the longer term of 36 months. This pilot study indicates that the aforementioned 17 potential biomarkers, such as angiogenin, may hold great promise for both diagnosis and prognosis assessment of HFPEF.
MicroRNA‐145: a potent tumour suppressor that regulates multiple cellular pathways
Authors: Cui Shi‐Yun , Wang Rui , Chen Long‐Bang 
Published: August 2014

AbstractMicroRNAs are endogenous, small (18–25 nucleotides) non‐coding RNAs, which regulate genes expression by directly binding to the 3′‐untranslated regions of the target messenger RNAs. Emerging evidence shows that alteration of microRNAs is involved in cancer development. MicroRNA‐145 is commonly down‐regulated in many types of cancer, regulating various cellular processes, such as the cell cycle, proliferation, apoptosis and invasion, by targeting multiple oncogenes. This review aims to summarize the recent published literature on the role of microRNA‐145 in regulating tumourigenesis and progression, and explore its potential for cancer diagnosis, prognosis and treatment.
The FGF‐1‐specific single‐chain antibody scFv1C9 effectively inhibits breast cancer tumour growth and metastasis
Authors: Shi Hengliang , Fu Chunling , Wang Wei , Li Yu , Du Shuang , Cao Rangjuan , Chen Jingying , Sun Dong , Zhang Zhongyu , Wang Xingzhi , Zhu Xiaojuan 
Published: August 2014

AbstractImmunotherapy mediated by recombinant antibodies is an effective therapeutic strategy for a variety of cancers. In a previous study, we demonstrated that the fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF‐1)‐specific recombinant antibody scFv1C9 arrests the cell cycle at the G0/G1 transition by blocking the intracrine FGF‐1 pathway in breast cancer cells. Here, we further show that the overexpression of scFv1C9 in MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cells by lentiviral infection resulted in decreased tumourigenicity, tumour growth and lung metastasis through FGF‐1 neutralization. We found that scFv1C9 resulted in the up‐regulation of p21, which in turn inhibited the expression of CDK2 and blocked cell cycle progression. To explore the potential role of scFv1C9 in vivo, we delivered the gene into solid tumours by electroporation, which resulted in significant inhibition of tumour growth. In tumour tissue sections, immunohistochemical staining of the cellular proliferation marker Ki‐67 and the microvessel marker CD31 showed a reduction in the proliferative index and microvessel density, respectively, upon expression of scFv1C9 compared with the appropriate controls. Thus, our data indicate a central role for scFv1C9 in blocking the intracrine pathway of FGF‐1, therefore, scFv1C9 could be developed in an effective therapeutic for breast cancer.
Comparability of Single Measurements of Serum Testosterone to the 24-Hour Cavg in Patients Using Testosterone 2% Solution
Authors: Muram David , Baygani Simin 
Published: August 2014

Abstract

Introduction
Efficacy of testosterone replacement therapy is determined by the proportion of men with 24-hour average serum testosterone concentration (Cavg) in the normal range. In clinical practice, monitoring and dose adjustments are based on single testosterone measurements; however, how single measurements reflect Cavg is unclear.

Aim
This post-hoc analysis evaluated whether single serum testosterone measurements and Cavg from the same day are both in the normal range in men receiving testosterone replacement therapy.

Methods
In an open-label, multicenter, titration trial, androgen-deficient men (N = 155) were started on 60-mg daily morning dose of testosterone 2% solution (Axiron®, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA) applied to axillae (30 mg/axilla). Serum testosterone Cavg was determined on Days 15, 60, and 120. If necessary, dose was adjusted to maintain Cavg in the normal range (300–1,050 ng/dL). This analysis included subjects (n = 105) whose Cavg was within the normal range on Days 15, 60, and 120.

Main Outcome Measures
Proportion of men with normal serum testosterone levels at 2, 4, or 8 hours post-dose on Days 15, 60, and 120.

Results
Greater than 93% of subjects had testosterone serum levels within the normal range 2, 4, or 8 hours post-dose on at least 1 day. In subjects with blood samples available from Days 15 and 60 or Days 15 and 120, 71.1% to 79.8% had normal levels at 2, 4, or 8 hours post-dose on both days, and in subjects with blood samples available from Days 15, 60, and 120, 63.9% to 68.8% had normal levels at 2, 4, or 8 hours post-application on all 3 days.

Conclusion
Less than 70% of single testosterone measurements made on 3 separate days were concordant with same-day Cavg for all 3 days. These findings, which are specific for testosterone 2% solution, indicate that single measurements do not always reflect the 24-hour Cavg, and may possibly lead to inappropriate dose adjustments.
Identification of Malassezia species in the facial lesions of Chinese seborrhoeic dermatitis patients based on DNA sequencing
Authors: Lian C.‐h. , Shen L.‐l. , Gao Q.‐y. , Jiang M. , Zhao Z.‐j. , Zhao J.‐j. 
Published: August 2014

SummaryThe genus Malassezia is important in the aetiology of facial seborrhoeic dermatitis (FSD), which is the most common clinical type. The purpose of this study was to analyse the distribution of Malassezia species in the facial lesions of Chinese seborrhoeic dermatitis (SD) patients and healthy individuals. Sixty‐four isolates of Malassezia were isolated from FSD patients and 60 isolates from healthy individuals. Sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region was used to identify the isolates. The most frequently identified Malassezia species associated with FSD was M. furfur (76.56%), followed by M. sympodialis (12.50%) and M. japonica (9.38%). The most frequently isolated species in healthy individuals were M. furfur (61.67%), followed by M. sympodialis (25.00%), M. japonica (6.67%), M. globosa (3.33%), and M. obtusa (3.33%). Overall, our study revealed that while M. furfur is the predominant Malassezia species in Chinese SD patients, there is no significant difference in the distribution of Malassezia species between Chinese SD patients and healthy individuals.
Update of the vitamin D content of fortified foods and supplements in the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey Nutrient Databank
Authors: Allen R. E. , Dangour A. D. , Tedstone A. E. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractFood composition tables require updating regularly to keep abreast of the periodic reformulation of fortified foods and dietary supplements. This paper describes a process undertaken to update the vitamin D content of fortified foods and supplements consumed in the UK, and the impact this may have on reported vitamin D intake.In 2011, the vitamin D content of the 289 vitamin D fortified foods and vitamin D containing supplements recorded in the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) Nutrient Databank (last updated in 2008) was compared to data from industry websites, trade associations and manufacturers, and nutrition labelling on pack. Typical ‘overages’ (the additional amount added to account for any processing loss or degradation) applied during vitamin D fortification were also obtained. This information was used to update the NDNS Nutrient Databank, and applied to NDNS food consumption data (2008/2010) to determine the impact of the composition update on reported population vitamin D intakes.Up‐to‐date vitamin D values were obtained for 257 (89%) of the 289 items in the NDNS databank; the remainder were no longer available on the market. The vitamin D content of 31 (11%) of the items had changed, and these were most commonly breakfast cereals, fat spreads and powdered malt drinks. A further eight food items were identified as newly fortified with vitamin D. Calculation of mean vitamin D intakes using updated data identified that use of out‐of‐date food composition data may lead to an underestimation of UK vitamin D intakes of around 3% (0.1 μg/day). When a blanket 12.5% ‘overage’ was applied to all items, this underestimate increased to 6% (0.2 μg/day).Even though the absolute impact of updating the vitamin D content of fortified foods and supplements on population mean intakes is relatively small, our analysis suggests it is important that nutrient databases are regularly updated. The new estimates of the vitamin D content of foods and supplements should be used for future estimates of vitamin D intake in the UK until a further periodic update is conducted.
Influence of repeated infusion of capsaicin‐contained red pepper sauce on esophageal secondary peristalsis in humans
Authors: Liu T. T. , Yi C. H. , Lei W. Y. , Hung X. S. , Yu H. C. , Chen C.L. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 has been implicated as a target mediator for heartburn perception and modulation of esophageal secondary peristalsis. Our aim was to determine the effect of repeated esophageal infusion of capsaicin‐contained red pepper sauce on heartburn perception and secondary peristalsis in healthy adults.MethodsSecondary peristalsis was performed with mid‐esophageal injections of air in 15 healthy adults. Two separate protocols including esophageal infusion with saline and capsaicin‐contained red pepper sauce and 2 consecutive sessions of capsaicin‐contained red pepper sauce were randomly performed.Key ResultsAfter repeated infusion of capsaicin‐contained red pepper sauce, the threshold volume to activate secondary peristalsis was significantly increased during slow (p < 0.001) and rapid air injections (p = 0.004). Acute infusion of capsaicin‐contained red pepper sauce enhanced heartburn perception (p < 0.001), but the intensity of heartburn perception was significantly reduced after repeated capsaicin‐contained red pepper sauce infusion (p = 0.007). Acute infusion of capsaicin‐contained red pepper sauce significantly increased pressure wave amplitudes of distal esophagus during slow (p = 0.003) and rapid air injections (p = 0.01), but repeated infusion of capsaicin‐contained red pepper sauce significantly decreased pressure wave amplitude of distal esophagus during slow (p = 0.0005) and rapid air injections (p = 0.003).Conclusions & InferencesRepeated esophageal infusion of capsaicin appears to attenuate heartburn perception and inhibit distension‐induced secondary peristalsis in healthy adults. These results suggest capsaicin‐sensitive afferents in modulating sensorimotor function of secondary peristalsis in human esophagus.