bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment and Management of Symptoms for Outpatients Newly Diagnosed With Lung Cancer
Authors: Reinke Lynn F. , Feemster Laura C. , Backhus Leah M. , Gylys-Colwell Ina , Au David H. 
Published: November 2014

Rationale: Little is known about symptom assessment around the time of lung cancer diagnosis. The purpose of this pilot study was to assess symptoms within 2 months of diagnosis and the frequency with which clinicians addressed symptoms among a cohort of veterans (n = 20) newly diagnosed with lung cancer. We administered questionnaires and then reviewed medical records to identify symptom assessment and management provided by subspecialty clinics for 6 months following diagnosis. Results: Half (50%) of the patients were diagnosed with early-stage non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), stage I or II. At baseline, 45% patients rated their overall symptoms as severe. There were no significant differences in symptoms among patients with early- or late-stage NSCLC or small-cell lung cancer. Of the 212 clinic visits over 6 months, 70.2% occurred in oncology. Clinicians most frequently addressed pain although assessment differed by clinic. Conclusions: Veterans with newly diagnosed lung cancer report significant symptom burden. Despite ample opportunities to address patients’ symptoms, variations in assessment exist among subspecialty services. Coordinated approaches to symptom assessment are likely needed among patients newly diagnosed with lung cancer.
Femoral head and neck excision in cats: medium- to long-term functional outcome in 18 cats
Authors: Yap Fui W , Dunn Andrew L , Garcia-Fernandez Paloma Maria , Brown Gordon , Allan Ross M , Calvo Ignacio 
Published: November 2014

Objective To assess the medium- to long-term functional outcome of cats after femoral head and neck excision (FHNE) using an owner-completed questionnaire. Methods Cats that had FHNE and were free of other orthopaedic or medical conditions that could affect their mobility, other than the studied coxofemoral joint(s), were included. A specific owner-completed questionnaire was used at a minimum of 4 months postoperatively. The questionnaire assessed the ability of the cats to perform normal feline activities, change of demeanour or behaviour, the necessity for long-term analgesia and the time taken to resume normal activities. Results Eighteen cats had undergone uni- or bilateral FHNE and met the inclusion criteria. All but one cat could perform normal feline activities without or with slight difficulty at follow-up. The aforementioned cat had notable, persistent difficulty in climbing. The majority of the cats took between 1 and 2 months to resume normal activity. No change in demeanour or behaviour was noted in any of the cats and none of the cats required long-term analgesia. Conclusions and relevance Based on the owner-completed questionnaire, cats have good-to-excellent medium- to long-term functional outcome after adequately performed FHNE.
Changes in communication of Deaf people with dementia: A thematic interview with a close family member
Authors: Rantapää Minna , Pekkala Seija 
Published: November 2014

Background and aim Learning about changes in communication of Deaf with dementia (DWD) is important in order to improve services and support DWD and their families. We explored family members’ views on the changes in communication DWD have and the ways communication was adapted due to progression of dementia. Methods A qualitative content analysis of thematic interviews that were conducted with eight close family members of DWD. Results With decreasing vocabulary and increasing sign-finding difficulties, conversations became poorer, and DWD tended to diverge from the topic. Nonverbal communication became more important as the verbal communication abilities of DWD deteriorated, and the adult children took a more active role by taking initiative and guiding conversations. Conclusion DWD seem to go through similar changes in communication as hearing people with dementia. Adult children of DWD need to get used to interpreting and assisting their parent’s communication through different phases of dementia.
Arthroscopically Assisted Treatment of Navicular Osteochondral Defect Using Flowable Collagen, Iliac Crest Bone Marrow Aspirate and Fibrin Glue
Authors: Keller Thomas C. , Dempsey Ian J. , Park Joseph S. 
Published: November 2014

A 32-year-old male recreational athlete presented with activity-related chronic dorsal midfoot pain. Conservative treatment, including a prolonged period of immobilization, physical therapy, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and use of a bone stimulator, failed to resolve his symptoms. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a cystic appearing focus within the navicular in conjunction with a osteochondral lesion within the proximal articular surface of the navicular. This case report presents an arthroscopically assisted treatment of a navicular osteochondral lesion using curettage and backfilling with fibrin glue, flowable collagen, and autogenous bone grafting. Levels of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level IV
An exploration of the barriers to the confident diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome: A survey among general practitioners, gastroenterologists and experts in five European countries
Authors: Andresen Viola , Whorwell Peter , Fortea Josep , Auzière Sébastien 
Published: November 2014

BackgroundThe diagnostic processes for chronic abdominal conditions are challenging. Despite their tendency for diagnostic tests in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms, clinicians are encouraged to make a positive diagnosis based on symptom criteria without alarm signs. We explored how European physicians diagnose and manage patients suffering from IBS.MethodsWe conducted a vignette‐based survey to evaluate the diagnostic approaches in four standardized patients with IBS with constipation (IBS‐C), IBS with diarrhea (IBS‐D), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and chronic constipation (CC). General practitioners (GP, n  = 104), gastroenterologists (GE, n  = 100) and IBS experts (n  = 25) from five European countries participated.ResultsExperts showed the highest rates of correct diagnoses (88%–92%) for all cases except CC (only 60%) and were more prone to a positive diagnosis (64%/68% in IBS‐C/CC), whereas GEs and GPs tended toward a diagnosis by exclusion (63%/63% and 62%/60% in IBS‐C/CC). In the CC vignette, conducting tests was more frequent than prescribing treatment among 44% experts, 63% GEs and 36% GPs. The diagnosis of IBD presented little difficulty for any of the participants.ConclusionsThis study highlights the difficulties in confidently diagnosing chronic functional bowel conditions, especially for non‐experts, whereas IBD caused little difficulty. Differentiating between IBS‐C and CC seemed particularly challenging, even for experts.
Injuries in Competitive Dragon Boating
Authors: Mukherjee Swarup , Leong Hin Fong , Chen Simin , Foo Yong Xiang Wayne , Pek Hong Kiat 
Published: November 2014

Background: Dragon boating is a fast-growing team water sport and involves forceful repetitive motions that predispose athletes to overuse injuries. Despite the rising popularity of the sport, there is a lack of studies on injury epidemiology in dragon boating. Purpose: To investigate the injury epidemiology in competitive dragon boating athletes. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiological study. Methods: A total of 95 dragon boaters (49 males, 46 females) representing their respective universities took part in this study. Data were collected retrospectively using a reliable and valid self-report questionnaire. The study period was from August 2012 to July 2013. Results: A total of 104 musculoskeletal injuries were reported (3.82 injuries/1000 athlete-exposures), 99% of which occurred during training. The most commonly injured regions were the lower back (22.1%), shoulder (21.1%), and wrist (17.3%). The majority of injuries were due to overuse (56.3%), and incomplete muscle-tendon strain was the most prevalent type of injury (50.5%). The time loss from injuries varied. In addition, a significant majority of the dragon boating athletes incurred nonmusculoskeletal injuries, with abrasions (90.5%), blisters (78.9%), and sunburns (72.6%) being the most common. Conclusion: Competitive dragon boating has a moderately high injury incidence, and there seems to be a direct relationship between exposure time and injury rate. A majority of the injuries are overuse in nature, and the body parts most actively involved in paddling movement are at higher risk of injuries. The high incidence of nonmusculoskeletal injuries in dragon boaters suggested that these injuries are likely outcomes of participation in the sport.
Biomechanical Comparison of Fracture Risk Created by 2 Different Clavicle Tunnel Preparations for Coracoclavicular Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Nuzzo Michael S. , Adamson Gregory J. , Lee Thay Q. , McGarry Michelle H. , Husak Lisa 
Published: November 2014

Background: An anatomic reconstruction of coracoclavicular (CC) ligaments typically requires drilling tunnels in the clavicle. An increase in fracture complications has been associated with graft tunnel position. A method of drilling clavicle tunnels that would better re-create anatomic function of the CC ligaments without increasing fracture risk would be an improvement. Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility of a novel single anterior-to-posterior tunnel technique and compare the biomechanical properties to the 2-tunnel technique in CC ligament reconstruction. The hypothesis was that the single tunnel will yield similar loads to failure as the 2-tunnel technique and better reproduce the native anatomy of the conoid and trapezoid ligaments. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Eight fresh-frozen matched pairs of human clavicles underwent testing. In 1 specimen of the matched pair, 2 bone tunnels were created as previously described. In the other, a single tunnel was placed obliquely from anterior to posterior. The relative position of the tunnels in relation to the conoid tuberosity was recorded. Specimens were tested on a materials testing machine. The ultimate load to failure, linear stiffness, distance of the conoid tuberosity to the conoid tunnel exit point, and mode of failure were recorded. Results: The ultimate load to failure in the single-tunnel group and the 2-tunnel group was 457.2 ± 139.8 and 488.8 ± 170.6, respectively. There was no significant difference ( P = .5). The linear stiffness in the single-tunnel group and the 2-tunnel group was 94.6 ± 31.3 and 79.8 ± 33.5, respectively. There was no significant difference ( P = .2). The 2-tunnel group had a significantly longer average maximum distance from the conoid tuberosity to the conoid tunnel exit point than the single-tunnel group (6.0 ± 2.1 vs 0.8 ± 1.9 mm; P = .05). The single-tunnel group was consistently more anatomic with regard to its relationship to the conoid tuberosity than the 2-tunnel group. Conclusion: The single anterior-to-posterior clavicle tunnel had similar biomechanical properties to the 2-tunnel technique. However, the single-tunnel technique better reproduced the anatomic footprint of the conoid ligament. Utilizing this single-tunnel technique may yield an anatomic advantage that may also reduce the rate of complications caused by posterior wall blowout. Clinical Relevance: Acromioclavicular joint injuries are common in collision sports. Surgical management is often indicated to reconstruct the joint. This study assesses the feasibility of a novel surgical approach.
Effect of negative emotions evoked by light, noise and taste on trigeminal thermal sensitivity
Authors: Yang Guangju , Baad-Hansen Lene , Wang Kelun , Xie Qiu-Fei , Svensson Peter 
Published: November 2014

Abstract

Background
Patients with migraine often have impaired somatosensory function and experience headache attacks triggered by exogenous stimulus, such as light, sound or taste. This study aimed to assess the influence of three controlled conditioning stimuli (visual, auditory and gustatory stimuli and combined stimuli) on affective state and thermal sensitivity in healthy human participants.

Methods
All participants attended four experimental sessions with visual, auditory and gustatory conditioning stimuli and combination of all stimuli, in a randomized sequence. In each session, the somatosensory sensitivity was tested in the perioral region with use of thermal stimuli with and without the conditioning stimuli. Positive and Negative Affect States (PANAS) were assessed before and after the tests. Subject based ratings of the conditioning and test stimuli in addition to skin temperature and heart rate as indicators of arousal responses were collected in real time during the tests.

Results
The three conditioning stimuli all induced significant increases in negative PANAS scores (paired t-test, P ≤0.016). Compared with baseline, the increases were in a near dose-dependent manner during visual and auditory conditioning stimulation. No significant effects of any single conditioning stimuli were observed on trigeminal thermal sensitivity (P ≥0.051) or arousal parameters (P ≥0.057). The effects of combined conditioning stimuli on subjective ratings (P ≤0.038) and negative affect (P = 0.011) were stronger than those of single stimuli.

Conclusions
All three conditioning stimuli provided a simple way to evoke a negative affective state without physical arousal or influence on trigeminal thermal sensitivity. Multisensory conditioning had stronger effects but also failed to modulate thermal sensitivity, suggesting that so-called exogenous trigger stimuli e.g. bright light, noise, unpleasant taste in patients with migraine may require a predisposed or sensitized nervous system.
Vitamin D and Physical Activity Status: Associations With Five-Year Changes in Body Composition and Muscle Function in Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Scott David , Ebeling Peter R. , Sanders Kerrie M. , Aitken Dawn , Winzenberg Tania , Jones Graeme 
Published: November 2014

AbstractContext:High vitamin D and physical activity (PA) levels are independently associated with improved body composition and muscle function in older adults.Objective:The objective of this study was to investigate the interaction of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) and PA status in maintenance of body composition and muscle function in older adults.Design and Setting:This was a 5-year prospective population-based study of Australian community-dwelling older adults.Participants:Participants in the study included 615 community-dwelling volunteers aged 50 years old or older [61.4 ± 6.9 (mean ± SD) y; 48% female] randomly selected from electoral rolls and categorized according to baseline serum 25OHD (≥ or &lt;50 nmol/L) and PA (≥ or &lt;10 000 pedometer determined steps/d) levels as follows: high 25OHD and high PA (VitD+PA+); high 25OHD and low PA (VitD+PA−); low 25OHD and high PA (VitD-PA+); and low 25OHD and low PA (VitD-PA−). A subset of 518 participants completed accelerometer assessments during follow-up.Main Outcome Measures:Changes in dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-assessed body composition and lower-limb muscle function were measured.Results:VitD+PA+ had significantly smaller increases in body fat over 5 years compared with other groups (all P &lt; .05). Higher baseline pedometer-determined PA resulted in declines in total body fat (β = −.23 kg per 100 steps/d, P = .001) over 5 years for participants with high 25OHD but not those with low 25OHD (P &gt; .05). Among participants with accelerometer data, these associations were generally mediated by higher levels of moderate/vigorous PA.Conclusions:High vitamin D status appears to enhance PA-related declines in body fat during aging, but the mechanism may be greater amounts of outdoor moderate/vigorous PA rather than a direct effect of 25OHD.
Ammonium Nitrate: A Biodegradable and Efficient Catalyst for the Direct Amidation of Esters under Solvent-free Conditions
Authors: Ramesh Perla , Fadnavis Nitin W 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
A simple, metal-free, and environment-friendly procedure is developed for the direct conversion of esters to amides using ammonium nitrate as a catalyst under solvent-free conditions. Aryls, heteroaryls, and aliphatic esters are easily converted to the corresponding amides in excellent isolated yields (85–99%). An enantiopure ester and amine were both shown to react without racemization. The methodology has been successfully applied to preparation of procainamide.
The role of hinges in primary total knee replacement
Authors: Gehrke T. , Kendoff D. , Haasper C. 
Published: November 2014

The use of hinged implants in primary total knee replacement (TKR) should be restricted to selected indications and mainly for elderly patients. Potential indications for a rotating hinge or pure hinge implant in primary TKR include: collateral ligament insufficiency, severe varus or valgus deformity (> 20°) with necessary relevant soft-tissue release, relevant bone loss including insertions of collateral ligaments, gross flexion-extension gap imbalance, ankylosis, or hyperlaxity. Although data reported in the literature are inconsistent, clinical results depend on implant design, proper technical use, and adequate indications. We present our experience with a specific implant type that we have used for over 30 years and which has given our elderly patients good mid-term results. Because revision of implants with long cemented stems can be very challenging, an effort should be made in the future to use shorter stems in modular versions of hinged implants. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B(11 Suppl A):93–5.
Non-modular tapered fluted titanium stems in hip revision surgery
Authors: Konan S. , Garbuz D. S. , Masri B. A. , Duncan C. P. 
Published: November 2014

Non-modular tapered fluted, titanium stems are available for use in femoral revision. The combination of taper and flutes on the stem provides axial and rotational stability, respectively. The material and surface properties of the stem promotes bone on-growth. If the surgeon is confident and reasonably experienced in the surgical use of this sort of design and the case is relatively straightforward, a non-modular design is effective. It also potentially reduces implant inventory, and circumvents the potential problems of taper junction corrosion and fatigue fracture. There are reports of excellent survival, good clinical and functional results and evidence of subsequent increase in proximal bone stock. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B(11 Suppl A):56–9.
Acetabular distraction
Authors: Brown N. M. , Hellman M. , Haughom B. H. , Shah R. P. , Sporer S. M. , Paprosky W. G. 
Published: November 2014

A pelvic discontinuity occurs when the superior and inferior parts of the hemi-pelvis are no longer connected, which is difficult to manage when associated with a failed total hip replacement. Chronic pelvic discontinuity is found in 0.9% to 2.1% of hip revision cases with risk factors including severe pelvic bone loss, female gender, prior pelvic radiation and rheumatoid arthritis. Common treatment options include: pelvic plating with allograft, cage reconstruction, custom triflange implants, and porous tantalum implants with modular augments. The optimal technique is dependent upon the degree of the discontinuity, the amount of available bone stock and the likelihood of achieving stable healing between the two segments. A method of treating pelvic discontinuity using porous tantalum components with a distraction technique that achieves both initial stability and subsequent long-term biological fixation is described.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B(11 Suppl A):73–7.
Large diameter femoral heads
Authors: Cooper H. J. , Della Valle C. J. 
Published: November 2014

Dislocation remains among the most common complications of, and reasons for, revision of both primary and revision total hip replacements (THR). Hence, there is great interest in maximising stability to prevent this complication. Head size has been recognised to have a strong influence on the risk of dislocation post-operatively. As femoral head size increases, stability is augmented, secondary to an increase in impingement-free range of movement. Larger head sizes also greatly increase the ‘jump distance’ required for the head to dislocate in an appropriately positioned cup. Level-one studies support the use of larger diameter heads as they decrease the risk of dislocation following primary and revision THR. Highly cross-linked polyethylene has allowed us to increase femoral head size, without a marked increase in wear. However, the thin polyethylene liners necessary to accommodate larger heads may increase the risk of liner fracture and larger heads have also been implicated in causing soft-tissue impingement resulting in groin pain. Larger diameter heads also impart larger forces on the femoral trunnion, which may contribute to corrosion, metal release, and adverse local tissue reactions. Alternative large bearings including large ceramic heads and dual mobility bearings may mitigate some of these risks, and several of these devices have been used with clinical success. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B(11 Suppl A):23–6.
The neuromuscularly challenged patient
Authors: Kraay M. J. , Bigach S. D. 
Published: November 2014

Degenerative problems of the hip in patients with childhood and adult onset neuromuscular disorders can be challenging to treat. Many orthopaedic surgeons are reluctant to recommend total hip replacement (THR) for patients with underlying neuromuscular disorders due to the perceived increased risks of dislocation, implant loosening, and lack of information about the functional outcomes and potential benefits of these procedures in these patients. Modular femoral components and alternative bearings which facilitate the use of large femoral heads, constrained acetabular components and perhaps more importantly, a better understanding about the complications and outcomes of THR in the patient with neuromuscular disorders, make this option viable. This paper will review the current literature and our experience with THR in the more frequently encountered neuromuscular disorders.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B(11 Suppl A):27–31.
A mini-anterior approach to the hip for total joint replacement: optimising results
Authors: Mirza A. J. , Lombardi Jr A. V. , Morris M. J. , Berend K. R. 
Published: November 2014

Direct anterior approaches to the hip have gained popularity as a minimally invasive method when performing primary total hip replacement (THR). A retrospective review of a single institution joint registry was performed in order to compare patient outcomes after THR using the Anterior Supine Intermuscular (ASI) approach versus a more conventional direct lateral approach. An electronic database identified 1511 patients treated with 1690 primary THRs between January 2006 and December 2010. Our results represent a summary of findings from our previously published work. We found that patients that underwent an ASI approach had faster functional recovery and higher Harris hip scores in the early post-operative period when compared with patients who had a direct lateral approach The overall complication rate in our ASI group was relatively low (1.7%) compared with other series using the same approach. The most frequent complication was early periprosthetic femoral fractures (0.9%). The dislocation rate in our series was 0.4% and the prosthetic joint infection rate was 0.1%. We suggest that the ASI approach is acceptable and safe when performing THR and encourages early functional recovery of our patients. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96- B(11 Suppl A):32–5.