bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in organ donation in England, Scotland and Wales in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and ‘opt-out’ legislation
Authors: O’Neill Stephen , Thomas Karen , McLaughlin Leah , Boadu Paul , Williams Lorraine , Al-Haboubi Mustafa , Bostock Jennifer , Noyes Jane , Mays Nicholas 
Published: July 2024

Background
In May 2020, England implemented soft ‘opt-out’ or ‘deemed consent’ for deceased donation with the intention of raising consent rates. However, this coincided with the COVID-19 pandemic, making it difficult to assess the early impact of the law change. Wales and Scotland changed their organ donation legislation to implement soft opt-out systems in 2015 and 2021 respectively. This study provides a descriptive analysis of changes in consent and transplant rates for deceased organ donation in England, Scotland and Wales.

Methods
Logistic regression and descriptive trend analysis were employed to assess the probability of a patient who died in critical care becoming a donor, and to report consent rates using data, respectively, from the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (ICNARC) in England from 1 April 2014 to 30 September 2021, and from the Potential Donor Audit for England, Scotland and Wales from April 2010 to June 2023.

Results
The number of eligible donors in April-June 2020 were 56.5%, 59.3% and 57.6% lower in England, Scotland and Wales relative to April-June 2019 (pre-pandemic). By April-June 2023, the number of eligible donors had recovered to 87.4%, 64.2% and 110.3%, respectively, of their levels in 2019. The consent rate in England, Scotland and Wales reduced from 68.3%, 63.0% and 63.6% in April-June 2019 to 63.2%, 60.5% and 56.3% in April-June 2023.

Conclusions
While the UK organ donation system shows signs of recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of eligible potential donors and consent rates remain below their pre-pandemic levels.
Flexibility of a large blindly synthetized avatar database for occupational research: Example from the CONSTANCES cohort for stroke and knee pain
Authors: Fadel Marc , Petot Julien , Gourraud Pierre-Antoine , Descatha Alexis 
Published: July 2024

Objectives
Though the rise of big data in the field of occupational health offers new opportunities especially for cross-cutting research, they raise the issue of privacy and security of data, especially when linking sensitive data from the field of insurance, occupational health or compensation claims. We aimed to validate a large, blinded synthesized database developed from the CONSTANCES cohort by comparing associations between three independently selected outcomes, and various exposures.

Methods
From the CONSTANCES cohort, a large synthetic dataset was constructed using the avatar method (Octopize) that is agnostic to the data primary or secondary data uses. Three main analyses of interest were chosen to compare associations between the raw and avatar dataset: risk of stroke (any stroke, and subtypes of stroke), risk of knee pain and limitations associated with knee pain. Logistic models were computed, and a qualitative comparison of paired odds ratio (OR) was made.

Results
Both raw and avatar datasets included 162,434 observations and 19 relevant variables. On the 172 paired raw/avatar OR that were computed, including stratified analyses on sex, more than 77% of the comparisons had a OR difference ≤0.5 and less than 7% had a discrepancy in the statistical significance of the associations, with a Cohen’s Kappa coefficient of 0.80.

Conclusions
This study shows the flexibility and the multiple usage of a synthetic database created with the avatar method in the particular field of occupational health, which can be shared in open access without risking re-identification and privacy issues and help bring new insights for complex phenomenon like return to work.
Deep-learning-based segmentation using individual patient data on prostate cancer radiation therapy
Authors: Jeong Sangwoon , Cheon Wonjoong , Kim Sungjin , Park Won , Han Youngyih 
Published: July 2024

Purpose
Organ-at-risk segmentation is essential in adaptive radiotherapy (ART). Learning-based automatic segmentation can reduce committed labor and accelerate the ART process. In this study, an auto-segmentation model was developed by employing individual patient datasets and a deep-learning-based augmentation method for tailoring radiation therapy according to the changes in the target and organ of interest in patients with prostate cancer.

Methods
Two computed tomography (CT) datasets with well-defined labels, including contoured prostate, bladder, and rectum, were obtained from 18 patients. The labels of the CT images captured during radiation therapy (CT2nd) were predicted using CT images scanned before radiation therapy (CT1st). From the deformable vector fields (DVFs) created by using the VoxelMorph method, 10 DVFs were extracted when each of the modified CT and CT2nd images were deformed and registered to the fixed CT1st image. Augmented images were acquired by utilizing 110 extracted DVFs and spatially transforming the CT1st images and labels. An nnU-net autosegmentation network was trained by using the augmented images, and the CT2nd label was predicted. A patient-specific model was created for 18 patients, and the performances of the individual models were evaluated. The results were evaluated by employing the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), average Hausdorff distance, and mean surface distance. The accuracy of the proposed model was compared with those of models trained with large datasets.

Results
Patient-specific models were developed successfully. For the proposed method, the DSC values of the actual and predicted labels for the bladder, prostate, and rectum were 0.94 ± 0.03, 0.84 ± 0.07, and 0.83 ± 0.04, respectively.

Conclusion
We demonstrated the feasibility of automatic segmentation by employing individual patient datasets and image augmentation techniques. The proposed method has potential for clinical application in automatic prostate segmentation for ART.
Opioid and Nonopioid Analgesic Prescribing Patterns of Hepatologists for Medicare Beneficiaries
Authors: Iyengar Preetha , Prause Nicole , LeBrett Wendi , Lee Anna , Chang Lin , Patel Arpan 
Published: July 2024

INTRODUCTION:
Opioids are commonly prescribed to patients with chronic liver disease, but little is known regarding medication prescribing patterns of hepatologists. Opioid use increased until national guidelines limited opioid prescriptions in early 2016. We aimed to describe rates of opioid and nonopioid analgesics to Medicare beneficiaries by hepatologists from 2013 to 2017 and identify demographic characteristics associated with higher prescribing.

METHODS:
Prescription data from 2013 to 2017 by 761 hepatologists identified in the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Part D Public Use File were analyzed. Annual prescription volumes were compared for providers with >10 annual prescriptions of a given drug type. Provider characteristics associated with opioid prescriptions were identified through multivariate logistic regression analyses.

RESULTS:
The proportion of hepatologists prescribing >10 annual opioid prescriptions decreased from 29% to 20.6%. Median annual opioid prescriptions per hepatologist significantly decreased from 24 to 20. Tramadol remained the most prescribed analgesic. Nonopioid analgesic prescription volume did not increase significantly. Provider characteristics associated with increased opioid prescriptions included male sex, practice location in the South and Midwest (vs West), more years in practice, and a greater proportion of beneficiaries who are white or with low-income subsidy claims. Characteristics associated with fewer prescriptions included non–university-based practice, having a greater proportion of female beneficiaries, and later prescription year.

DISCUSSION:
Hepatologists are prescribing less opioids. However, the prevalence of tramadol use and the lack of increase in nonopioid analgesic use highlights the need for advancing the science and training of pain management in chronic liver disease and targeted implementation of nonopioid treatment programs.
Gêneros e sexualidades: trato com temas transversais na disciplina de Ensino Religioso em escolas de Recife
Authors: Oliveira Aurenéa Maria de , Maria Silva Jacilene 
Published: July 2024

Este trabalho adotou a coleta de dados com entrevistas semi-estruturadas, fazendo uso da Análise de Discurso Francesa (AD) como metodologia. Como referencial teórico utilizamos a conceituação de Judith Butler acerca de gêneros e sexualidades. O objetivo do estudo foi o de compreender e avaliar o lugar que mulheres comumente marginalizadas na sociedade como: profissionais do sexo, lésbicas, bissexuais e transgêneros ocupam na disciplina de Ensino Religioso (ER), em escolas públicas municipais e estaduais da cidade de Recife, isto feito com o fim de verificar atitudes de estímulo ou não ao estigma e à intolerância praticadas contra elas. A meta foi a de contribuir para o combate à misoginia, homofobia e à transfobia, mediante exame dos discursos de docentes acerca dos conteúdos programáticos ministrados no ER, no sentido de posição e valor atribuídos ao gênero feminino nas cosmologias religiosas abordadas. Nos resultados, verificamos a presença da ideologia da invisibilidade/indiferença aos temas transversais gêneros e sexualidades nos discursos dos entrevistados que atuam ou atuaram como professores de ER, o que estimula práticas violentas e domesticadoras contra as mulheres em tela.
Descrição e análise de sinais depictivos na libras
Authors: Albuquerque Lucas Gomes de , Xavier André Nogueira 
Published: July 2024

Segundo Liddell (2003), existem verbos na língua de sinais americana, ASL (do inglês American Sign Language), que têm a propriedade de depictar (mostrar) propriedades visuais e topográficas de entidades. Liddell propõe três categorias de verbos depictivos: uma se refere a verbos que depictam a presença de uma entidade em um lugar; uma segunda, a forma e a extensão de uma superfície ou a extensão de um arranjo linear de entidades individuais e, por fim, uma terceira inclui verbos que depictam o movimento ou a manipulação de entidades. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar, descrever e analisar sinais depictivos na libras. Para isso, analisamos, através do ELAN, uma contação em libras da “história da pera” por uma sinalizante surda da cidade de São Paulo. Como resultado, identificamos 35 sinais depictivos. Sua análise requereu a criação de uma nova categoria para abrigar construções simultâneas em que sinais depictivos diferentes são produzidos ao mesmo tempo, um em cada mão. Além disso, essa análise mostrou diferenças formais, em comparação com a ASL, na classe dos sinais que depictam tamanho e extensão de entidades.
Achievement Effects of Dual Language Immersion in One-Way and Two-Way Programs: Evidence from a Statewide Expansion
Authors: Steele Jennifer L. , Watzinger-Tharp Johanna , Slater Robert O. , Roberts-Aguirre Gregg , Bowman Karl 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The rising demand for dual-language immersion (DLI) programs, which offer core instruction in two languages from early grades onward, has raised questions about program design and access. We leverage the rapid expansion of DLI schools across the U.S. state of Utah to estimate effects of DLI program availability on the academic achievement of primary English speakers and English learners (ELs) in programs that serve mainly the former (one-way) or at least a third of the latter (two-way). Using within-school variation in first graders’ access to DLI programs, we find no overall effects on English, math, or science scores from grades 3 to 6. However, ELs whose primary languages match the schools’ partner languages in two-way schools show notable outperformance in math and higher English-language proficiency at grade 5. Benefits of DLI access are driven by schools with a larger share of primary speakers of the partner language.
Geometrical Oppositions as Coordinates for a Heraclitus’ Circular Cosmology
Authors: Cavalcante Tadeu , Cornelli Gabriele 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The doctrine of unity of opposites lays in the centre of the debate on Heraclitus’ philosophy. The present article proposes a critical analysis of the mainstream interpretation of geometrical oppositions (fragments DK 22 B 59, B 60 and B 103) as mere examples of different points of view. Instead, we suggest that these fragments are fundamental pieces in Heraclitus cosmology and that they are traces of a circular and archaic paradigm. Indeed, cyclical formulations are spread throughout the fragments and, read in connection with geometrical oppositions, perform a useful model to describe how permanence and change can be complementary events. In this context, circularity can be a key to the comprehension of unity of opposites as a result of interchangeable processes – as day and night, life and death, beginning and end – so that opposites are part of a concrete and vital unity.
Regionale Aussprachevarianten in Deutschlehrwerken des 17. Jahrhunderts
Authors: Panne Laura 
Published: July 2024

Zusammenfassung
Parallel zum Standardisierungsprozess europäischer Volkssprachen in der Frühen Neuzeit war die Praxis des Fremdsprachenunterrichts moderner Vernakularsprachen längst etabliert und schon seit dem 15. Jahrhundert, vermehrt aber im 17. Jahrhundert, wurden mehrsprachige Sprachlehrwerke verfasst. Vor dem Hintergrund, dass es für die Aussprache des Deutschen erst im ausgehenden 19. Jahrhundert. Anstrengungen um eine kodifizierte Norm gab, untersucht dieser Beitrag, von welchen Normvorstellungen Aussprachelehren als Teil der Fremdsprachenlehrwerke ausgehen und inwiefern regionale Variation darin eine Rolle spielt.
Regionale Sprachgeschichte in soziokultureller Verortung ­­– am Beispiel Nürnbergs
Authors: Habermann Mechthild 
Published: July 2024

Zusammenfassung
Die Schreibsprache der Reichsstadt Nürnberg in der Frühen Neuzeit kennzeichnet eine enge Verwobenheit dialektgeographischer und soziokultureller Einflüsse. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden zunächst die Ergebnisse eines Forschungsprojekts zu der Schreibsprache der Nürnberger Briefbücher um 1400 vorgestellt, um Fragen von Regionalität und Überregionalität nordostoberdeutscher Schriftlichkeit zu klären. Das hohe Prestige der Nürnberger Kanzleisprache ist durch politische und wirtschaftliche Faktoren beeinflusst wie später ebenso der deutlich erkennbare Wechsel zum gemeinen Teutsch bairischer Prägung. Nach dem Übertritt zur Reformation orientierte sich die offizielle Schriftlichkeit weitgehend am ostmitteldeutschen Vorbild Martin Luthers, während Privatbriefe der Zeit in Abhängigkeit von Bildung und Wirkungskreis der Schreibenden eine Vielzahl (über-)regionaler Varianz aufweisen. Durch die bewusste Entscheidung zu einer am Protestantismus orientierten Schreibsprache wird die öffentliche Schriftlichkeit in der Zeit der Glaubensspaltung zunehmend zum Mittel konfessioneller Positionierung im Sinne von „Enregisterment“ oder „Stancetaking“. Die Studie hat zum Ziel, Regionalität und Kulturalität für die Frühe Neuzeit neu zu bewerten.
Navigating the World of The Stranger (1979) After the Cultural Revolution: Unveiling Hong Kong Leftist Science Fiction Film by Bao Fang
Authors: Tsang Raymond 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
After the Cultural Revolution, a period marked by a global retreat from radical politics and increased compromises, filmmakers in the Hong Kong leftist film industry faced financial challenges stemming from the studio’s struggles during the Cultural Revolution. Despite these difficulties, they ingeniously incorporated generic elements to captivate audiences, using popular genres as conduits for social commentary. The Stranger by Feng Huang Motion Picture company stands out, as director Bao Fang adeptly appropriated science fiction elements to adapt a real story of espionage in Hong Kong. The film signifies Bao’s transition from opera film and historical pictures to negotiating realist and science-fictional elements to convey social innuendo. Drawing inspiration from recent works by Mingwei Song and Seo-young Chu, my argument extends to explore how sci-fi serves as a mode of expression for geopolitical commentary. The film not only expresses concern over Soviet espionage but also reflects the fear over the collapse of grand narratives such as Enlightenment and Revolution.
From Home to Homeland: Re-Imagining Chinese Diaspora in Recent Science Fiction Films
Authors: Wang Chenfeng 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This article investigates the representation of the Chinese diaspora in the films Everything Everywhere All at Once and The Wandering Earth 2, employing a comparative approach to explore how these narratives engage with and reshape notions of diasporic identity within a transnational context. Through a detailed analysis of both films, it highlights the complex interplay among cultural memory, identity, and migration, using the sf genre as a framework to examine these dynamics. It further argues that the films challenge traditional understandings of Chineseness and homeland, presenting a more fluid and dynamic portrayal of cultural identity that responds to contemporary global movements and cultural intersections. By juxtaposing these films, the article contributes to the discourse on globalization and cultural hybridity, emphasizing the need for a nuanced understanding of ethnic and national identities in a progressively interconnected world.
Diabetic ketoacidosis in youth with diabetes mellitus during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Cymbaluk Anna , Huang Xiaofan , Minard Charles , DeSalvo Daniel , Redondo Maria J. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objectives
We sought to determine if the early months of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic influenced pediatric diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) hospitalization characteristics.

Methods
This is a cross-sectional study of youth with laboratory-confirmed DKA admitted to a large tertiary children’s hospital in the USA. Data were collected from admissions in March through July 2019 and March through July 2020, respectively. We evaluated the clinical characteristics of hospitalization, including demographic data and DKA severity. We used univariable ordinal logistic regression followed by multiple ordinal logistic regression to adjust for potential confounders.

Results
We included 137 children with diabetes admitted for DKA in the relevant period in 2019 and 173 patients admitted for DKA in the same period in 2020. Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) upon admission was higher in 2020 (median=12.2 %) than in 2019 (11.5 %, p=0.018). Children who were admitted with DKA in 2020 were less likely to be autoantibody positive than those in 2019 (83 vs. 91 %, p=0.028). In the univariable model, being admitted in 2020 was significantly associated with more severe DKA (p=0.038), as was HbA1c (p=0.001). After adjusting for HbA1c upon admission, admission year was no longer significantly associated with more severe DKA.

Conclusions
In this study of pediatric diabetes of any type and duration of diabetes, youth admitted for DKA at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, compared with those admitted during the year before, were more likely to have autoantibody-negative diabetes and had significantly higher HbA1c. Additionally, higher HbA1c seemed to mediate more severe DKA during the pandemic.
A desconstrução do racismo através de Monteiro Lobato: uma análise do caso “Caçadas de Pedrinho”
Authors: Costa Neto Antônio Gomes da 
Published: July 2024

A celeuma de “Caçadas de Pedrinho” de Monteiro Lobato envolveu diversas instâncias da sociedade, cujas discussões foram realizadas entre os termos de censura e o direito a liberdade de expressão. O debate sobre a Literatura envolve o Poder Judiciário através do Supremo Tribunal Federal. Do mesmo modo demonstrou em relação à formação dos Profissionais da Educação através de Políticas Públicas. O uso da Literatura na desconstrução do racismo não foi objeto das deliberações pelo Estado, quando inerte transforma norma prescritiva em sugestão. A Etnicidade surge como a construção de um significado semântico (sentido e referente) a partir da identidade, diferença, raça, etnia, pertença, cultura e grupos étnicos, revelando-se como a mais eficaz para compreensão na América Latina. Emerge a proposta de Reparação da Escravidão por demanda Judicial, tendo a Literatura através de sua capilaridade instrumento de sua operacionalização. A possibilidade de agregar o antirracismo na Literatura de Monteiro Lobato pode se constituir no maior debate já realizado.
Pensamiento racial y racismo en México (1920-1950)
Authors: Horcasitas Beatriz Urías 
Published: July 2024

No México, os primeiros governos pós-revolucionários puseram em prática um programa de “engenharia social”, mediante o qual buscaram melhorar a qualidade da população. Neste programa interviram diversas correntes de pensamento social acompanhadas de propostas de transformação concretas: a antropologia com o indigenismo; a medicina com a eugenia e a higiene mental; a demografia com as políticas migratórias; a sociologia com a sociologia criminal e a biotipologia; finalmente, o direito penal com a teoria da defesa social. Este ensaio examina o desenvolvimento destas propostas entre 1920 e 1950, enfatizando suas formas de articulação com a política.
Visuospatial Training Does Not Reduce Motion Sickness Susceptibility
Authors: Wiesing Michael , Zimmermann Eckart , Schmidt Eike A. , Buchner Axel 
Published: July 2024

Smyth et al. (2021) reported the results of a driving study which they interpreted as suggesting that working on visuospatial problems is an effective method to reduce the susceptibility to motion sickness while they also mentioned that the reason as to why this should be the case is unknown. Here we present a conceptual replication of their study using a much larger sample size than that of the original study. A 30-minute simulated drive in a virtual environment was used to induce motion sickness. During the subsequent 14 days, participants in the visuospatial-training group, but not participants in the no-training group, worked on visuospatial problems for 15 minutes a day, as in the original study. Participants then returned to the laboratory for their second 30-minute simulated drive. Motion sickness severity was substantially reduced from the first to the second drive, but the visuospatial training did not significantly affect this reduction in motion sickness. We conclude that working on visuospatial problems does not reduce the susceptibility to motion sickness.
Materials-driven strategies in bacterial engineering
Authors: Paternò Giuseppe Maria 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis perspective article focuses on the innovative field of materials-based bacterial engineering, highlighting interdisciplinary research that employs material science to study, augment, and exploit the attributes of living bacteria. By utilizing exogenous abiotic material interfaces, researchers can engineer bacteria to perform new functions, such as enhanced bioelectric capabilities and improved photosynthetic efficiency. Additionally, materials can modulate bacterial communities and transform bacteria into biohybrid microrobots, offering promising solutions for sustainable energy production, environmental remediation, and medical applications. Finally, the perspective discusses a general paradigm for engineering bacteria through the materials-driven modulation of their transmembrane potential. This parameter regulates their ion channel activity and ultimately their bioenergetics, suggesting that controlling it could allow scientists to hack the bioelectric language bacteria use for communication, task execution, and environmental response.
Graphical abstract