bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Depth Distribution of Soil Organic Carbon Fractions in Relation to Tillage and Cropping Sequences in Some Dry Lands of Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Hassan Asma , Ijaz Shahzada Sohail , Lal Rattan , Ali Safdar , Hussain Qaiser , Ansar Muhammad , Khattak Romaan Hayat , Baloch Muhammad Sharif 
Published: November 2014

AbstractDepth distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC) fractions depends on the efficiency of agro‐technical managements. Information on depth distribution of SOC fractions mostly confined to the plow layer and scant in dry lands of Punjab, Pakistan. Therefore, a field experiment was laid out with moldboard plow (MP) (control), tine cultivator (TC), and minimum tillage (MT) as main plots, and cropping sequences fallow wheat (Triticum aestivumL.), (FW, control), mungbean (Vigna radiataL.) wheat (MW), sorghum (Sorghum bicolorL.) wheat (SW), green manure wheat (GW), and mungbean‐chickpea (MC) (Cicer arietinumL.) as sub‐plots. Treatment effects were assessed for microbial biomass carbon (MBC), potentially mineralizeable carbon (PMC), particulate organic carbon (POC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), HCl insoluble carbon (HIC), and stratification ratio (SR) in Rawal series: Udic Haplustalf. Alfisols. The MBC concentration was the highest in MT system, at 15 to 30‐cm depth under MW and PMC concentration was highest under SW with MT at 45–60 cm. MP had higher POC in FW sequence. The highest DOC was at 0 to 15‐cm depth under MC with TC and stock of HIC was more under TC with FW sequence. The highest SR of PMC was under MT with FW at 0–15:15–30 and POC was under TC and MP with FW at depths of 0–15:45–60 cm. The highest SR for DOC was under MP with GW at 0–15:45–60 cm and HCl insoluble C was under MT with SW at 0–15:45–60. In broad‐spectrum, labile organic fractions revealed differential sensitivity, and POC stocks are also a sensitive indicator to detect the short‐management effects. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reassessment of the non‐titanosaurian somphospondylanWintonotitan wattsi(Dinosauria:Sauropoda:Titanosauriformes) from the mid‐CretaceousWintonFormation,Queensland,Australia
Authors: Poropat Stephen F. , Mannion Philip D. , Upchurch Paul , Hocknull Scott A. , Kear Benjamin P. , Elliott David A. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWintonotitan wattsi, a Cretaceous titanosauriform sauropod from central Queensland, Australia, is redescribed following a full revision of its osteology. The holotype specimen, a partial postcranial skeleton derived from the lower Upper Cretaceous Winton Formation, comprises axial and appendicular elements.Wintonotitanhas been commonly resolved as a non‐titanosaurian somphospondylan titanosauriform since its description, in contrast to its more derived contemporaryDiamantinasaurus matildae. We provide a detailed redescription, taking this opportunity to correct four misinterpretations made in the original description ofWintonotitanthat impact on our understanding of this taxon: the right ulna was originally described as the left and vice versa; the left metacarpus was incorrectly described as being from the right side; metacarpalIVwas described as metacarpal V and vice versa; and the ilium was incorrectly oriented. The reassessment of the metacarpus is particularly important, since it shows that a proximal fossa is present on metacarpals I,IIandIII, which might have been occupied by either the strongly convex distal end of the radius or a (possibly unossified) carpal element. We provide a review of titanosauriform metacarpal morphology to support our reassessments. Our revision of the osteology ofWintonotitanresults in the identification of several previously unrecognized autapomorphies, augmenting and revising its original diagnosis. We provide additional support for the previous referral of four caudal vertebrae from south‐east of Winton, Queensland, toW. wattsi. Furthermore, we demonstrate that a tentative report of titanosaur osteoderms from the Winton Formation was based on misidentification of dorsal vertebral neural spines pertaining to the holotype ofW. wattsi. Consequently, titanosaur osteoderms are currently unknown from Australia. Following our revision and reinterpretation of a number of elements, we re‐examine the phylogenetic placement ofWintonotitan, supporting its position as a non‐titanosaurian somphospondylan titanosauriform, with no close relationship with the contemporaneous lithostrotian titanosaurDiamantinasaurus.
Adapting forest certification to climate change
Authors: Klenk Nicole L. , Larson Brendon M. H. , McDermott Constance L. 
Published: November 2014

In the context of climate change, the forest sector must consider the extent to which sustainable forest management enables or constrains climate change adaptation and mitigation; it may be that existing values and principles, policies and decision‐making processes, and institutions are no longer appropriate. Forest certification has emerged as an important arena for setting international and regional standards for forest management, but it is unclear to what extent it supports or helps develop adaptive capacity for climate change in the forest sector. This paper, therefore, combines a review of the literature on forests and climate adaptation with a systematic assessment of the Forest Stewardship Council Criteria and Indicators (in detail) and other forest and carbon certification schemes (in brief) to shed light on the role of certification standards in mediating forest and climate adaptation strategies. WIREs Clim Change 2015, 6:189–201. doi: 10.1002/wcc.329This article is categorized under:

Climate, Ecology, and Conservation > Conservation Strategies
Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change > Institutions for Adaptation
Policy and Governance > Multilevel and Transnational Climate Change Governance
Community‐Based Assessment of Surgical Symptoms in a Low‐Income Urban Population
Authors: Samad Lubna , Jawed Fayez , Sajun Sana Z. , Baig‐Ansari Naila , Lotia‐Farrukh Ismat , Khan Faisal S. , Khan Aamir J. , Fisher‐Hoch Susan P. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe global burden of surgical disease has not been well quantified, but is potentially immense. Given the enormity of the problem and the relative paucity of data, definition and monitoring of surgical burden of disease is an essential step in confronting the problem. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of non‐acute surgical disease symptoms in a low‐income population.Methods
The survey was conducted as part of the Indus Hospital Community Cohort in Karachi, Pakistan. A systematic random sampling design was used to enroll 667 households from March to August 2011. An unvalidated questionnaire intending to measure prevalence of surgical symptoms was administered to 780 participants.Results761 participants completed the screening questionnaire, with 346 (45 %) reporting one or more symptoms requiring surgical assessment (excluding those screened positive for symptoms of osetoarthritis), of which only 8.4 % followed up on scheduled appointments at the referral hospital. A total of 126 past surgical procedures were recorded in 120 participants.ConclusionThere is a high prevalence of symptoms suggestive of surgical diseases in our urban catchment population with relatively convenient access to health facilities including a tertiary care hospital providing free of cost care. The perceived severity of symptoms, and a complex interaction of other factors, may play an important role in understanding health seeking behavior in our population. Developing a context‐specific validated tool to correctly identify surgical symptoms disease in the community with appropriate referral for early management is essential to identify and therefore reduce the burden of surgical diseases within the community. This must happen hand in hand with further studies to understand the barriers to seeking timely health care.
FROM A FASCIST'S NOTEBOOK TO THE PRINCIPLES OF REBIRTH: THE DESIRE FOR SOCIAL INTEGRATION IN HEBREW FASCISM, 1928–1942
Authors: TAMIR DAN 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTApart from Italian fascism and German National-Socialism – the most famous fascisms of the interwar era – considerable research has been conducted during the past two decades about generic fascism: fascist groups, movements, and parties in other countries. In Israel, while the Revisionist Zionist movement has been continually accused by its political rivals of being fascist, these accusations have not yet been examined according to any comparative model of fascism. Relying on Robert Paxton's model of generic fascism, this article examines how one of its components – the drive for closer integration of the national community – was manifested in the writings of seven Revisionist activists in mandatory Palestine: Itamar Ben Avi, Abba Aḥime'ir, U. Z. Grünberg, Joshua Yevin, Wolfgang von Weisl, Zvi Kolitz, and Abraham Stern. Their writings between the years 1922 and 1942 reveal a strong drive for social integration, similar to that manifest in other fascist movements of the interwar era.
Insecure attachment is associated with paranoia but not hallucinations in psychotic patients: the mediating role of negative self-esteem
Authors: Wickham S. , Sitko K. , Bentall R. P. 
Published: November 2014

BackgroundA growing body of research has investigated associations between insecure attachment styles and psychosis. However, despite good theoretical and epidemiological reasons for hypothesising that insecure attachment may be specifically implicated in paranoid delusions, few studies have considered the role it plays in specific symptoms.MethodWe examined the relationship between attachment style, paranoid beliefs and hallucinatory experiences in a sample of 176 people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia spectrum disorders and 113 healthy controls. We also investigated the possible role of negative self-esteem in mediating this association.ResultsInsecure attachment predicted paranoia but not hallucinations after co-morbidity between the symptoms was controlled for. Negative self-esteem partially mediated the association between attachment anxiety and clinical paranoia, and fully mediated the relationship between attachment avoidance and clinical paranoia.ConclusionsIt may be fruitful to explore attachment representations in psychological treatments for paranoid patients. If future research confirms the importance of disrupted attachment as a risk factor for persecutory delusions, consideration might be given to how to protect vulnerable young people, for example those raised in children's homes.
THE ‘FEUDAL REVOLUTION’ AND THE ORIGINS OF ITALIAN CITY COMMUNES
Authors: Wickham Chris 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTThis article takes two major moments of social change in central medieval Europe, the ‘feudal revolution’ in France and the origins of Italian city communes, in order to see what they have in common. They are superficially very different, one rural one urban, and also one whose analysts focus on the breakdown of political power and the other on its construction or reconstruction; but there are close parallels between the changes which took place in France around 1000 or 1050 and those which took place in Italy around 1100. The contrast in dates does not matter; what matters is that in each case larger-scale political breakdown (whether at the level of the kingdom or the county) was matched by local recomposition, the intensification or crystallisation of local power structures which had been much moread hocbefore, and which would be the basic template for local power henceforth. In Italy, the main focus of the article, the different experiences of Pisa and Genoa are compared, and the development of urban assemblies first, consular collectives second, communal institutions third, are all analysed from this perspective, as guides to how the city communes of the peninsula developed, however haltingly and insecurely. The article finishes with a brief comment on the sociology of Pierre Bourdieu.
Breaking symmetries
Authors: PETERS KIRSTIN , NESTMANN UWE 
Published: November 2014

A well-known result by Palamidessi tells us that πmix(the π-calculus with mixed choice) is more expressive than πsep(its subset with only separate choice). The proof of this result analyses their different expressive power concerning leader election in symmetric networks. Later on, Gorla offered an arguably simpler proof that, instead of leader election in symmetric networks, employed the reducibility of ‘incestual’ processes (mixed choices that include both enabled senders and receivers for the same channel) when running two copies in parallel. In both proofs, the role ofbreaking (initial) symmetriesis more or less apparent. In this paper, we shed more light on this role by re-proving the above result – based on a proper formalization of what it means to break symmetries – without referring to another problem domain like leader election.Both Palamidessi and Gorla rephrased their results by stating that there is no uniform and reasonable encoding from πmixinto πsep. We indicate how their proofs can be adapted and exhibit the consequences of varying notions of uniformity and reasonableness. In each case, the ability to break initial symmetries turns out to be essential. Moreover, by abandoning the uniformity criterion, we show that there indeed is a reasonable encoding. We emphasize its underlying principle, which highlights the difference between breaking symmetries locally instead of globally.
Integration of Energy Analytics and Smart Energy Microgrid into Mobile Medicine Operations for the 2012 Democratic National Convention
Authors: McCahill Peter W. , Noste Erin E. , Rossman AJ , Callaway David W. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIntroductionDisasters create major strain on energy infrastructure in affected communities. Advances in microgrid technology offer the potential to improve “off-grid” mobile disaster medical response capabilities beyond traditional diesel generation. The Carolinas Medical Center's mobile emergency medical unit (MED-1) Green Project (M1G) is a multi-phase project designed to demonstrate the benefits of integrating distributive generation (DG), high-efficiency batteries, and “smart” energy utilization in support of major out-of-hospital medical response operations.MethodsCarolinas MED-1 is a mobile medical facility composed of a fleet of vehicles and trailers that provides comprehensive medical care capacities to support disaster response and special-event operations. The M1G project partnered with local energy companies to deploy energy analytics and an energy microgrid in support of mobile clinical operations for the 2012 Democratic National Convention (DNC) in Charlotte, North Carolina (USA). Energy use data recorded throughout the DNC were analyzed to create energy utilization models that integrate advanced battery technology, solar photovoltaic (PV), and energy conservation measures (ECM) to improve future disaster response operations.ResultsThe generators that supply power for MED-1 have a minimum loading ratio (MLR) of 30 kVA. This means that loads below 30 kW lead to diesel fuel consumption at the same rate as a 30 kW load. Data gathered from the two DNC training and support deployments showed the maximum load of MED-1 to be around 20 kW. This discrepancy in MLR versus actual load leads to significant energy waste. The lack of an energy storage system reduces generator efficiency and limits integration of alternative energy generation strategies. A storage system would also allow for alternative generation sources, such as PV, to be incorporated. Modeling with a 450 kWh battery bank and 13.5 kW PV array showed a 2-fold increase in potential deployment times using the same amount of fuel versus the current conventional system.ConclusionsThe M1G Project demonstrated that the incorporation of a microgrid energy management system and a modern battery system maximize the MED-1 generators’ output. Using a 450 kWh battery bank and 13.5 kW PV array, deployment operations time could be more than doubled before refueling. This marks a dramatic increase in patient care capabilities and has significant public health implications. The results highlight the value of smart-microgrid technology in developing energy independent mobile medical capabilities and expanding cost-effective, high-quality medical response.McCahillPW, NosteEE, RossmanAJ, CallawayDW. Integration of energy analytics and smart energy microgrid into mobile medicine operations for the 2012 Democratic National Convention. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2014;29(6):1-8.
Systematic Analysis of New Drug Indications by Drug‐Gene‐Disease Coherent Subnetworks
Authors: Wang L , Wang Y , Hu Q , Li S 
Published: November 2014

Drug targets and disease genes may work as driver factors at the transcriptional level, which propagate signals through gene regulatory network and cause the downstream genes’ differential expression. How to analyze transcriptional response data to identify meaningful gene modules shared by both drugs and diseases is still a critical issue for drug‐disease associations and molecular mechanism. In this article, we propose the drug‐gene‐disease coherent subnetwork concept to group the biological function related drugs, diseases, and genes. It was defined as the subnetwork with drug, gene, and disease as nodes and their interactions coherently crossing three data layers as edges. Integrating differential expression profiles of 418 drugs and 84 diseases, we develop a computational framework and identify 13 coherent subnetworks such as inflammatory bowel disease and melanoma relevant subnetwork. The results demonstrate that our coherent subnetwork approach is able to identify novel drug indications and highlight their molecular basis.CPT Pharmacometrics Syst. Pharmacol. (2014) 3, e146; doi:10.1038/psp.2014.44; published online 12 November 2014
Heart rate estimation by iterative Fourier interpolation algorithm
Authors: Wei Zheng , Dechang Chen , Xueyun Wei , Hongxing Liu 
Published: November 2014

A new method of estimating the heart rate (HR) from electrocardiogram (ECG) signals, which accurately estimates the fundamental frequency of the heartbeat using the iterative Fourier interpolation algorithm, is presented. This frequency‐domain method has two advantages: (i) the Fourier interpolation algorithm could improve the estimation precision of the heartbeat fundamental frequency significantly without increasing the recording signal length, which could monitor the HR variability; (ii) the heartbeat fundamental frequency is low, usually between 1 and 2 Hz; thus, the required ECG recording can be acquired at a low sampling frequency, such as 20–30 Hz, in which the conventional R‐wave detection HR estimation method fails.
Exploring the Role of Incentives in Agricultural Extension Programs
Authors: Läpple Doris , Hennessy Thia 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWhile many governments subsidize extension programs, financial incentives for participation in extension programs are rare and little is known about such initiatives. This article assesses whether a financial incentive for an agricultural extension program for dairy farmers in Ireland has an impact on the type of farmer that participates in extension services. The findings reveal that financial incentives encourage participation, especially with cohorts of farmers that previously eschewed such programs. Several aspects of the overall economic effectiveness of the extension program are discussed and policy recommendations are outlined.
MeRP: a high-throughput pipeline for Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Yin Peter , Voight Benjamin F. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Summary: We present a Mendelian randomization (MR) pipeline (MeRP) to facilitate rapid, causal inference analysis through automating key steps in developing and analyzing genetic instruments obtained from publicly available data. Our tool uses the National Human Genome Research Institute catalog of associations to generate instrumental variable trait files and provides methods for filtering of potential confounding associations as well as linkage disequilibrium. MeRP generates estimated causal effect scores via a MR-score analysis using summary data for disease endpoints typically found in the public domain. We utilize our pipeline to develop genetic instruments for seven traits and evaluate potential causal relationships with two disease endpoints, observing two putatively causal associations between blood pressure and bone-mineral density with type 2 diabetes. Our tool emphasizes the importance of careful but systematic screening of large datasets for discovery and systematic follow-up.
Availability and implementation: MeRP is a free, open-source project and can be downloaded at http://github.com/py-merp/py-merp. Complete documentation can be found at http://py-merp.github.io. Requires Python 2.7, along with NumPy, SciPy.
Contact: bvoight@upenn.edu
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
GASS: identifying enzyme active sites with genetic algorithms
Authors: Izidoro Sandro C. , de Melo-Minardi Raquel C. , Pappa Gisele L. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Motivation: Currently, 25% of proteins annotated in Pfam have their function unknown. One way of predicting proteins function is by looking at their active site, which has two main parts: the catalytic site and the substrate binding site. The active site is more conserved than the other residues of the protein and can be a rich source of information for protein function prediction. This article presents a new heuristic method, named genetic active site search (GASS), which searches for given active site 3D templates in unknown proteins. The method can perform non-exact amino acid matches (conservative mutations), is able to find amino acids in different chains and does not impose any restrictions on the active site size.
Results: GASS results were compared with those catalogued in the catalytic site atlas (CSA) in four different datasets and compared with two other methods: amino acid pattern search for substructures and motif and catalytic site identification. The results show GASS can correctly identify &gt;90% of the templates searched. Experiments were also run using data from the substrate binding sites prediction competition CASP 10, and GASS is ranked fourth among the 18 methods considered.
Availability and implementation: Source code and datasets (dcc.ufmg.br/ ∼glpappa/gass).
Contact: sandroizidoro@unifei.edu.br
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
State space identification and implementation of H∞ control design for small‐scale helicopter
Authors: Reza Dharmayanda Hardian , Budiyono Agus , Kang Taesam 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to design a model‐based robust controller for autonomous hovering of a small‐scale helicopter.Design/methodology/approachThe model is developed using prediction error minimization (PEM) system identification method implemented to flight data. Based on the extracted linear model, an H∞ controller is synthesized for robustness against parametric uncertainties and disturbances.FindingsThe proposed techniques for modelling provide a linear state‐space model which correlates well with the recorded flight data. The synthesized H∞ controller demonstrates an effective performance which rejects both sinusoidal and step input disturbances. The controller enables the attitude angle follow the reference target while keeping the attitude rate constant about zero for hover flight condition.Research limitations/implicationsThe synthesized controller is effective for hovering and low‐speed flight condition.Practical implicationsThis work provides an efficient hovering/low‐speed autonomous helicopter flight control required in many civilian UAV applications such as aerial surveillance and photography.Originality/valueThe paper addresses the challenges of controlling a small‐scale helicopter during hover with inherent modelling uncertainties and disturbances.