bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modulation of re-circulation zone behind a square obstruction by single inclined turbulent wall jet with varying angle of attack
Authors: Bhukta Manas Kumar , Singh Santosh Kumar , Majumder Snehamoy , Debnath Koustuv 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The modulation of the re-circulation region is one of the primary interests of this numerical study. This study investigates the modulation of the re-circulation zone behind a square obstruction by a single inclined turbulent wall jet with varying angles of attack. The flow field is visualized using the post-processing system of the simulation software and the results have been analyzed. The experiments are carried out for different angles of attack of the wall jet and a range of high Reynolds numbers. The results show that the re-circulation zone is significantly affected by the angle of attack of the wall jet. The maximum length of the re-circulation zone decreased with increasing angle of attack. The wall jet angles of attack (AOA) also affect the strength and position of the vortex structures in the re-circulation zone. The results of this study provide insights into the use of inclined wall jets for controlling the flow field behind obstructions in engineering applications such as flow control and mixing enhancement. The numerical simulation is based on a two-phase volume of fluid (VOF) model with open channel boundary conditions. The standard

k
–
ω

SST

turbulence model is applied to solve the Reynolds averaged equation.
PLS-based hellinger distance method for fault detection in chemical engineering systems
Authors: Ramakrishna Kini K , Harrou Fouzi , Madakyaru Muddu , Sun Ying , Menon Mukund Kumar 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Fault detection is vital in chemical engineering systems to maintain operational efficiency, product quality, and safety through timely identification and correction of deviations from expected behavior. Although partial least squares (PLS) has proven effective in monitoring due to its ability to handle highly correlated variables, traditional detection metrics of PLS may fail to identify small abnormal changes as they rely solely on recent observations. This paper integrates PLS modeling framework with Hellinger Distance (HD)-based fault detection index to overcome the limitations of conventional detection metrics. The utilization of HD is motivated by its sensitivity to quantifying any dissimilarity between distributions, which makes it well-suited for detecting small deviations in process behavior. The HD-based index will be computed between the residuals obtained from the model in the offline stage and the online stage. The HD metric involves careful inspection and comparison of the residuals, which enables it to capture the sensitive details in the data, thus, enhancing the detection of faults. For increased flexibility, kernel density estimation is employed to establish the reference threshold of the PLS-HD approach. The performance of this approach will be evaluated using data from simulated Continuous Stirred-Tank Heater (CSTH) and Continuous Stirred-Tank Reactor (CSTR) processes, by considering various fault types such as bias, freezing, and sensor drift faults. The results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed PLS-HD approach compared to conventional PLS monitoring methods.
A systematic review of the process parameters, mechanical characteristics and applications of polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and its composites by additive manufacturing
Authors: M G VijayKashimatt 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) provides an innovative and reliable method of developing medical products with anatomically relevant geometry and mechanical performance, underscoring its significant potential in the medical field. The design of fused deposition modelling (FDM) parameters has a significant impact on the characteristics of the product fabricated utilizing FDM. Numerous studies have assessed the impact of various FDM process parameters on enhancing the print quality attributes of manufactured components, such as mechanical characteristics, production times, dimensional accuracy, and surface finish. Because of the complex features of the FDM process and the contradicting process parameters, the advancement has been slow and poorly coordinated. This work intends to provide a complete review of recent research on PEEK and CF-PEEK printed parts, where the effect of process factors on tensile strength has been described. Furthermore, PEEK, with its potential applications in medical, aerospace, and chemical sectors, serves as an inspiring material for future innovations, offering a promising outlook.
Concept graph embedding models for enhanced accuracy and interpretability
Authors: Kim Sangwon , Ko Byoung Chul 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In fields requiring high accountability, it is necessary to understand how deep-learning models make decisions when analyzing the causes of image classification. Concept-based interpretation methods have recently been introduced to reveal the internal mechanisms of deep learning models using high-level concepts. However, such methods are constrained by a trade-off between accuracy and interpretability. For instance, in real-world environments, unlike in well-curated training data, the accurate prediction of expected concepts becomes a challenge owing to the various distortions and complexities introduced by different objects. To overcome this tradeoff, we propose concept graph embedding models (CGEM), reflecting the complex dependencies and structures among concepts through the learning of mutual directionalities. The concept graph convolutional neural network (Concept GCN), a downstream task of CGEM, differs from previous methods that solely determine the presence of concepts because it performs a final classification based on the relationships between con- cepts learned through graph embedding. This process endows the model with high resilience even in the presence of incorrect concepts. In addition, we utilize a deformable bipartite GCN for object- centric concept encoding in the earlier stages, which enhances the homogeneity of the concepts. The experimental results show that, based on deformable concept encoding, the CGEM mitigates the trade-off between task accuracy and interpretability. Moreover, it was confirmed that this approach allows the model to increase the resilience and interpretability while maintaining robustness against various real-world concept distortions and incorrect concept interventions. Our code is available at https://github.com/jumpsnack/cgem.
The effects of higher gas prices on the EU economy: a computable general equilibrium modelling perspective
Authors: Weitzel Matthias , Vandyck Toon , Garaffa Rafael , Temursho Umed , Ordonez Jose A , Tamba Marie 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has led to strong economic repercussions globally. In particular, turbulences on international energy markets and reduced flows of natural gas from Russia to the EU led to a sharp increase of natural gas prices. In this paper, we investigate the effect of higher gas prices on the European economy using the computable general equilibrium model JRC-GEM-E3. Numerical simulations quantify direct and indirect (via spillovers to electricity prices) implications for macro-economic outcomes, sectoral trade and employment, and distributional impacts across household income deciles. Results indicate that the (indirect) macro-economic impacts from electricity price changes induced by higher gas prices are larger than the (direct) impact of the gas price increase. Spatial heterogeneity in gas price impacts across regions globally leads to trade and competitiveness impacts, but has little influence on aggregate GDP impacts. The energy price shock is regressive, and results indicate strong employment impacts in particular sectors. Finally, the scenarios indicate that the macro-economic impact of the same energy price shock would be reduced by more than two thirds, if it were to occur in an economy that has decarbonised to achieve the EU’s 2030 climate targets. This illustrates that decarbonising the economy enhances the resilience to fossil fuel price increases.
Simulation of early season herbivory via mechanical damage affects flower production in pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo ssp. pepo)
Authors: Gray Hannah L , Ivers Nicholas A , Richardson Leeah I , López-Uribe Margarita M , Jha Shalene 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Damage from insect herbivores can elicit a wide range of plant responses, including reduced or compensatory growth, altered volatile profiles, or increased production of defence compounds. Specifically, herbivory can alter floral development as plants reallocate resources towards defence and regrowth functions. For pollinator-dependent species, floral quantity and quality are critical for attracting floral visitors; thus, herbivore-induced developmental effects that alter either floral abundance or attractiveness may have critical implications for plant reproductive success. Based on past work on resource trade-offs, we hypothesize that herbivore damage-induced effects are stronger in structural floral traits that require significant resource investment (e.g. flower quantity), as plants reallocate resources towards defence and regrowth, and weaker in secondary floral traits that require less structural investment (e.g. nectar rewards).

Methods
In this study, we simulated early-season herbivore mechanical damage in the domesticated jack-o-lantern pumpkin Cucurbita pepo ssp. pepo and measured a diverse suite of floral traits over a 60-d greenhouse experiment.

Key Results
We found that mechanical damage delayed the onset of male anthesis and reduced the total quantity of flowers produced. Additionally, permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) indicated that mechanical damage significantly impacts overall floral volatile profile, though not output of sesquiterpenoids, a class of compounds known to recruit specialized cucumber beetle herbivores and squash bee pollinators.

Conclusions
We show that C. pepo spp. pepo reduces investment in male flower production following mechanical damage, and that floral volatiles do exhibit shifts in production, indicative of damage-induced trait plasticity. Such reductions in male flower production could reduce the relative attractiveness of damaged plants to foraging pollinators in this globally relevant cultivated species.
Beyond the hype: using AI, big data, wearable devices, and the internet of things for high-throughput livestock phenotyping
Authors: Klingström Tomas , Zonabend König Emelie , Zwane Avhashoni Agnes 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Phenotyping of animals is a routine task in agriculture which can provide large datasets for the functional annotation of genomes. Using the livestock farming sector to study complex traits enables genetics researchers to fully benefit from the digital transformation of society as economies of scale substantially reduces the cost of phenotyping animals on farms. In the agricultural sector genomics has transitioned towards a model of ‘Genomics without the genes’ as a large proportion of the genetic variation in animals can be modelled using the infinitesimal model for genomic breeding valuations. Combined with third generation sequencing creating pan-genomes for livestock the digital infrastructure for trait collection and precision farming provides a unique opportunity for high-throughput phenotyping and the study of complex traits in a controlled environment. The emphasis on cost efficient data collection mean that mobile phones and computers have become ubiquitous for cost-efficient large-scale data collection but that the majority of the recorded traits can still be recorded manually with limited training or tools. This is especially valuable in low- and middle income countries and in settings where indigenous breeds are kept at farms preserving more traditional farming methods. Digitalization is therefore an important enabler for high-throughput phenotyping for smaller livestock herds with limited technology investments as well as large-scale commercial operations. It is demanding and challenging for individual researchers to keep up with the opportunities created by the rapid advances in digitalization for livestock farming and how it can be used by researchers with or without a specialization in livestock. This review provides an overview of the current status of key enabling technologies for precision livestock farming applicable for the functional annotation of genomes.
71658 - Postoperative chyle leak – Less likely in obese patients and associated with postoperative mortality
Authors: Linder Gustav , Hedberg Jakob , Edholm David , Nilsson Magnus 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Esophagectomy can be complicated by postoperative chyle leak (PCL). PCL is rare and can be challenging to manage. Predisposing factors and the impact of PCL on survival are not fully understood.
This study aimed to investigate risk factors for PCL in a national cohort and its associations with outcomes and survival.

Method
All patients with esophageal cancer in the Swedish Registry for Esophageal and Gastric Cancer (NREV) who underwent esophagectomy between 2006 and 2018 with information on PCL were included in the study. Risk-factors and protective-factors of PCL were explored with multivariable logistic regression and 90-day mortality was described. Survival was studied with Cox-regression and the Kaplan-Meier method.

Result
The study included 1540 patients. 51 patients (3.3%) had PCL of which 32 (62.7%) were managed operatively. Median time-in-hospital increased with 14 days from 15 to 29 days in patients with PCL compared to patients without.
In multivariable logistic regression, overweight (BMI&gt;25) and obese (BMI&gt;30) patients were less likely to suffer from PCL, OR 0.41 (0.19-0.88 95%CI) and OR 0.28 (0.08-0.97) respectively.
In patients with PCL, 90-day mortality was increased three-fold, 15.7% vs 5.0%, and median survival was reduced by six months (28.8 vs 34.8 months) compared to patients without PCL.
PCL was not associated with adjusted long-term survival, HR 1.12 (0.75-1.66 95%CI).

Discussion
This study finds a reduced risk of PCL in obese esophageal cancer patients by unknown mechanisms that should be further explored. Although short-term mortality is clearly affected by PCL, the complication does not seem to impact long-term survival.
72317 - Improved survival but early recurrence, resection of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with high tumour burden – a rationale for neoadjuvant therapy?
Authors: Abdulrazzak Mostafa , Gustafsson-Liljefors Maria , Gilg Stefan , Villard Christina , Jansson Hannes 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Neoadjuvant therapy has not been established as standard of care in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA). The role of resection surgery in patients with large or multifocal iCCA remains debated. The aim of this study was to examine oncological outcomes in a regional all-comer cohort.

Method
All patients diagnosed with iCCA at the Stockholm regional tumour board (Karolinska University Hospital, 2010-2020) were assessed. Patients without distant lymph node metastasis or metastasis to other organs were included. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS), calculated from date of diagnosis. The secondary outcome was disease-free survival (DFS), calculated from date of surgery.

Result
One-hundred and twenty-eight patients were diagnosed with liver-only iCCA. Approximately half of patients (n=62, 48%) underwent curative intent surgery, while the other half underwent either palliative chemotherapy (n=33, 26%) or best supportive care (n=33, 26%). A majority of patients (n=75, 59%) had an iCCA larger than 5 cm or more than 5 tumours (high tumour burden group). For patients with high tumour burden, OS was significantly better after resection (Figure 1A, P&lt;0.001). After resection, median DFS was shorter in patients with high tumour burden (Figure 1B, 5.5 months vs. 23.5 months, P=0.002).

Discussion
In this regional all-comer cohort, surgical resection of iCCA was associated with improved OS even in patients with high tumour burden. However, median DFS was less than six months in the high tumour burden group. The better survival but high risk of early recurrence indicates that large or multifocal iCCA should be further investigated as possible indications for neoadjuvant therapy.
72320 - External validation of plasma CSF1 as a preoperative prognostic marker in resectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma – a bi-institutional study
Authors: Akiki Antonio , Jacobsson Hanna , Nouairia Ghada , Cornillet Martin , Björkström Niklas K , Sparrelid Ernesto , Taflin Helena , Jansson Hannes 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Introduction
The long-term prognosis after curative intent resection for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) remains poor. Preoperative risk assessment is difficult and neoadjuvant approaches have not yet been established. A previous single-centre study indicated two immune system-related proteins in plasma: colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF1) and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) as preoperative prognostic factors in iCCA. This study aimed to externally validate CSF1 and TRAIL as prognostic markers for patients with resectable iCCA, in collaboration between two Swedish regional referral centres.

Method
Preoperative plasma CSF1 and TRAIL concentrations were determined, from prospectively collected biobank samples using multiplex immunoanalysis (Proximity Extension Assay), for patients resected for iCCA at Karolinska (2010-2020) and Sahlgrenska (2019-2023) university hospitals. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS), analysed by Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression.

Result
Sixty-one patients with resected iCCA were included (Karolinska n=45, Sahlgrenska n=16). CSF1 was significantly associated with OS with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.03 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01-1.05). TRAIL showed no significant association with OS (HR 0.997 (95% CI 0.99-1.00). Elevated CSF1 concentrations were associated with poor survival, with a median OS of only 7 months for patients in the upper quartile, compared to an OS of 64 months for patients with CSF1 concentrations in the lower quartile (Figure 1, p&lt;0.001).

Discussion
Plasma CSF1 was validated as a novel preoperative prognostic marker for patients with resectable iCCA, and could assist a preoperative risk stratification. The preoperative identification of high-risk patients could support individualized risk-benefit analyses and patient selection for prospective studies, including neoadjuvant strategies.
71288 - Sentinel lymph node detection with an ultra-low dose of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in patients with breast cancer
Authors: Sundh Lovisa , Bagge Roger Olofsson , Mirzaei Nushin , Nyman Per , Karakatsanis Andreas , Eriksson Staffan , Ravichandran Mookaiah , Abuoddos Nizar , Wärnberg Fredrik 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Sentinel lymph node (SLN) detection in patients with breast cancer using 1-2 mL superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIO) has shown comparable results to Technetium99m (Tc99m)+/-blue dye (BD). In a pilot study, we have shown that an ultra-low dose (0.1 mL) SPIO injected intradermally was feasible. This current study, MagSnow 2.0, aims to validate the ultra-low intradermal SPIO dose in a larger cohort. Preliminary data are presented.

Method
A total of 220 patients scheduled for SLN biopsy will be prospectively enrolled at five Swedish hospitals in this non-inferiority study. All patients receive an intradermal injection of 0.1 mL SPIO up to 30 days before surgery and Tc99m+/-BD according to clinical routine. Primary endpoint is SLN detection. Chi-square test was used to compare proportions and T-test for comparing number of SLNs.

Result
In this interim analysis including 124 patients, with median age of 63 years, BMI 25.1 kg/m2, tumor size 15 mm and predominantly invasive ductal cancers (80.2%), underwent breast conserving surgery (96.0%) or mastectomy. SLN detection with SPIO was 97.6% and with Tc99m+/-BD 98.4% (p=0.65). The mean number of SLNs detected with SPIO was 1.66 (median 1, IQR 1-2) and Tc99m+/-BD 1.72 (median 2, IQR 1-2) (p=0.60).

Discussion
These findings support the non-inferiority of an intradermal ultra-low dose of SPIO compared to Tc99m+/-BD for SLN detection. SPIO can be injected weeks before surgery and no nuclear medicine facilities are needed. Skin discoloration and magnetic resonance imaging artefacts are currently investigated in 50 patients from the pilot study.
71486 - Surgical complications after immediate implant-based breast reconstruction for breast cancer in women ≥ 65 years of age
Authors: Liu Y I hang , Johansson Anna L V , Oikonomou Ira , Frisell Axel , Adam Hannah C , Ansarei Dhirar , Halle Martin , Sackey Helena , de Boniface Jana 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Introduction
While immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) rates in breast cancer are increasing, they remain low in women ≥65 years. The aim was to investigate surgical outcomes in women ≥65 years receiving implant-based IBR.

Method
The population-based Stockholm Breast Reconstruction Database includes all adult women with breast cancer receiving an implant-based IBR in Stockholm, Sweden, 2005-2015. Primary outcomes within 30 days from IBR were 1) infection requiring antibiotics and 2) reoperation. Implant removal was a secondary outcome. Women aged ≥65 years were compared with younger age groups. Chi-square tests and multivariable logistic regression were applied for the primary outcomes, and Kaplan Meier analysis for the secondary outcome.

Result
Among 1749 cases of IBR, 140 (8.0%) were in women ≥65 years. Median follow-up was 74 months (1-198). Postoperative infection was not more common in women ≥65 years (22 out of 140, 15.7%) than in women &lt;65 years (303 out of 1609, 18.8%; p=0.221). Reoperations were more frequent in women ≥65 years than in other age groups (≥65: 8.6%; 50-64: 6.5%; 40-49: 3.5%; &lt;40: 1.6%; p&lt;0.001), however, age ≥65 years was no independent risk factor in the multivariable analysis (OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.44-2.28).
Overall 6-year probability of implant removal was 11.4%, (8.1% due to complications and 3.3% due to patient preference). There was no statistically significant difference between age groups for either reason (p=0.085 and p=0.794, respectively).

Discussion
Higher age alone was not associated with worse surgical outcomes after implant-based IBR in highly selected patients ≥65 years old when compared with their younger counterparts.