bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, Bifunctionalization, and Remarkable Adsorption Performance of Benzene‐Bridged Periodic Mesoporous Organosilicas Functionalized with High Loadings of Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Wu Hao‐Yiang , Shieh Fa‐Kuen , Kao Hsien‐Ming , Chen Yi‐Wen , Deka Juti Rani , Liao Shih‐Hsiang , Wu Kevin C.‐W. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractHighly ordered benzene‐bridged periodic mesoporous organosilicas (PMOs) that were functionalized with exceptionally high loadings of carboxylic acid groups (COOH), up to 80 mol % based on silica, have been synthesized and their use as adsorbents for the adsorption of methylene blue (MB), a basic dye pollutant, and for the loading and release of doxorubicin (DOX), an anticancer drug, is demonstrated. These COOH‐functionalized benzenesilicas were synthesized by the co‐condensation of 1,4‐bis(triethoxysilyl) benzene (BTEB) and carboxyethylsilanetriol sodium salt (CES), an organosilane that contained a carboxylic acid group, in the presence of non‐ionic oligomeric surfactant Brij 76 in acidic medium. The materials thus obtained were characterized by a variety of techniques, including powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen‐adsorption/desorption isotherms, TEM, and 13C and 29Si solid‐state NMR spectroscopy. Owing to the exceptionally high loadings of COOH groups, their high surface areas, and possible ππ‐stacking interactions, these adsorbents have very high adsorption capacities and extremely rapid adsorption rates for MB removal and for the controlled loading/release of DOX, thus manifesting their great potential for environmental and biomedical applications.
A pixel is an artifact: On the necessity of zero‐filling in fourier imaging
Authors: Zhu Xiaolu , Tomanek Boguslaw , Sharp Jonathan 
Published: March 2013

AbstractMR imaging data is sometimes presented in a “patchwork quilt” format with individual pixels visible as squares of uniform intensity. This phenomenon often arises by default from an image space convolution (performed implicitly by the graphics system) used to convert the sparse point sampling of the spatial domain offered by the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) into a sufficiently dense sampling to allow assignment of an intensity value to each addressable point on the display device. Typical examples are fMRI maps, spectroscopic images and zoomed‐in views. These square patches are image structure not present in the object, i.e., artifacts. This form of image display is studied by both an image analysis method and by Fourier analysis. Image formation by display of the 2D DFT of an acquired k‐space matrix as a 2D pixel array is a poor reconstruction because it does not ensure a faithful representation of the spatial frequency content actually present in the data. By analysis of the visual appearance of 2D pixel arrays we show that there are two principal effects: (a) attenuation of higher spatial frequencies (i.e., low‐pass filtering); (b) introduction of artifactual high frequency image structure. These effects can lead to very poor performance with an artifact/signal ratio of over 200% in the corners of 2D k‐space. Generated k‐space maps demonstrate that both detrimental effects increase radially in k‐space. The simple remedy is to zero‐fill (resulting in image interpolation) until individual pixels become invisible in the displayed image. Alternatively, data modeling may be used. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part 42A: 32–44, 2013.
Determinants of adjuvant oxaliplatin receipt among older stage II and III colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Lund Jennifer L. , Stürmer Til , Sanoff Hanna K. , Brookhart Alan , Sandler Robert S. , Warren Joan L. 
Published: March 2013

BACKGROUNDControversy exists regarding adjuvant oxaliplatin treatment among older patients with stage II and III colorectal cancer (CRC). This study sought to identify patient/tumor, physician, hospital, and geographic factors associated with oxaliplatin use among older patients.METHODSIndividuals diagnosed at age > 65 with stage II or III CRC from 2004 through 2007 undergoing surgical resection and receiving adjuvant chemotherapy were identified using the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results program (SEER)‐Medicare database, which includes patient/tumor and hospital characteristics. Physician information was obtained from the American Medical Association. Poisson regression was used to identify independent predictors of oxaliplatin receipt. The discriminatory ability of each category of characteristics to predict oxaliplatin receipt was assessed by comparing the area under the receiver operating curve from logistic regression models.RESULTSWe identified 4388 individuals who underwent surgical resection at 773 hospitals and received chemotherapy from 1517 physicians. Adjuvant oxaliplatin use was higher among stage III (colon = 56%, rectum = 51%) compared to stage II patients (colon = 37%, rectum = 35%). Overall, patients who were older; diagnosed before 2006; separated, divorced, or widowed; living in a higher poverty census tract or in the East or Midwest; or with higher levels of comorbidity were less likely to receive oxaliplatin. Patient factors and calendar year accounted for most of the variation in oxaliplatin receipt (area under the curve = 75.8%).CONCLUSIONSAdjuvant oxaliplatin use increased rapidly from 2004 through 2007 despite uncertainties regarding its effectiveness in older patients. Physician and hospital characteristics had little influence on adjuvant oxaliplatin receipt among older patients. Cancer 2013;119:2038–2047. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Hydrodynamic Model for Plasmonics: A Macroscopic Approach to a Microscopic Problem
Authors: Ciracì Cristian , Pendry John B. , Smith David R. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIn this concept, we present the basic assumptions and techniques underlying the hydrodynamic model of electron response in metals and demonstrate that the model can be easily incorporated into computational models. We discuss the role of the additional boundary conditions that arise due to nonlocal terms in the modified equation of motion and the ultimate impact on nanoplasmonic systems. The hydrodynamic model captures much of the microscopic dynamics relating to the fundamental quantum mechanical nature of the electrons and reveals intrinsic limitations to the confinement and enhancement of light around nanoscale features. The presence of such limits is investigated numerically for different configurations of plasmonic nanostructures.
Dehydration of Xylose to Furfural over MCM‐41‐Supported Niobium‐Oxide Catalysts
Authors: García‐Sancho Cristina , Sádaba Irantzu , Moreno‐Tost Ramón , Mérida‐Robles Josefa , Santamaría‐González José , López‐Granados Manuel , Maireles‐Torres Pedro 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA series of silica‐based MCM‐41‐supported niobium‐oxide catalysts are prepared, characterized by using XRD, N2 adsorption–desorption, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and pyridine adsorption coupled to FTIR spectroscopy, and tested for the dehydration of D‐xylose to furfural. Under the operating conditions used all materials are active in the dehydration of xylose to furfural (excluding the MCM‐41 silica support). The xylose conversion increases with increasing Nb2O5 content. At a loading of 16 wt % Nb2O5, 74.5 % conversion and a furfural yield of 36.5 % is achieved at 170 °C, after 180 min reaction time. Moreover, xylose conversion and furfural yield increase with the reaction time and temperature, attaining 82.8 and 46.2 %, respectively, at 190 °C and after 100 min reaction time. Notably, the presence of NaCl in the reaction medium further increases the furfural yield (59.9 % at 170 °C after 180 min reaction time). Moreover, catalyst reutilization is demonstrated by performing at least three runs with no loss of catalytic activity and without the requirement for an intermediate regeneration step. No significant niobium leaching is observed, and a relationship between the structure of the catalyst and the activity is proposed.
Reduced Graphite Oxide/Nano Sn: A Superior Composite Anode Material for Rechargeable Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Nithya Chandrasekaran , Gopukumar Sukumaran 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe electrochemical performance of reduced graphite oxide (RGO) anchored with nano Sn particles, which are synthesized by a reduction method, is presented. The Sn nanoparticles are uniformly distributed on the surface of the RGO matrix and the size of the particles is approximately 5–10 nm. The uniform distribution effectively accommodates the volume expansion experienced by Sn particles during cycling. The observed electrochemical performance (97 % capacity retention) can be ascribed to the flexible RGO matrix with uniform distribution of Sn particles, which reduces the lithium‐ion diffusion path lengths; therefore, the RGO matrix provides more stability to the Sn particles during cycling. Such studies on Sn nanoparticles anchored on RGO matrices have not been reported to date.
Acetonitrile Coupling at an Electron‐Rich Iridium Center Supported by a PCP Pincer Ligand
Authors: Burford Richard J. , Piers Warren E. , Parvez Masood 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAryl amido iridium complexes supported by a tridentate phosphanyl–carbene–phosphanyl pincer ligand [(PCP)Ir–N(H)Ar, Ar = C6H5, 1a; Ar = 2,6‐iPr2C6H3, 1b] react with acetonitrile to afford the dimeric complex 2, in which two (PCP)Ir fragments are bridged by a diiminato ligand derived from two molecules of CH3CN. Metrical parameters obtained from X‐ray structural determination of 2 confirm that the bridging ligand is a diiminato species rather than an enediamido moiety, which indicates that the reductive coupling is mediated by one electron per iridium center. Experiments suggest that the reaction proceeds by heterolytic cleavage of the Ir–N(H)Ar bond followed by one‐electron reduction of the resulting IrI–NCCH3 cation by the amido anion. The resulting anilino radical rapidly abstracts a hydrogen atom from the solvent. The reductive coupling of acetonitrile at a late transition metal center is unusual and in this instance occurs as a result of the highly σ‐donating, electron‐rich nature of the PCP ligand.
Chiral α‐Arylethanamines: An Organocatalyst for the Enantioselective α‐Amination of Branched Aldehydes
Authors: Fu Ji‐Ya , Wang Qi‐Lin , Peng Lin , Gui Yong‐Yuan , Wang Fan , Tian Fang , Xu Xiao‐Ying , Wang Li‐Xin 
Published: March 2013

Abstractα‐Arylethanamines were investigated as organocatalysts for the α‐amination of branched aldehydes with azodicarboxylates. Optimization identified (R)‐1‐(1‐naphthyl)ethanamine (1g) as an effective and enantioselective organocatalyst; multifunctional chiral quaternary amino aldehydes were successfully obtained in excellent yields (up to 99 %) and with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 98 % ee).
A Comparative Study of Biocathodes Based on Multiwall Carbon Nanotube Buckypapers Modified with Three Different Multicopper Oxidases
Authors: Pankratov Dmitry V. , Zeifman Yulia S. , Morozova Olga V. , Shumakovich Galina P. , Vasil'eva Irina S. , Shleev Sergey , Popov Vladimir O. , Yaropolov Alexander I. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract14 Single‐ and multi‐walled carbon nanotubes from different sources were characterized in detail, and the characteristics obtained were carefully analyzed. The carbon material with the highest capacitance, and also other superior properties (“Taunit‐M” from “NanoTechCenter”, Russia), was chosen for further modification and fabrication of buckypaper based electrodes. These electrodes were biomodified with plant and fungal laccases, as well as fungal bilirubin oxidase. The designed biocathodes were investigated in simple buffers and also in a complex physiological fluid (human serum). Biocathodes based on immobilized fungal laccase were bioelectrocatalytically inactive in chloride containing media at neutral pH. In spite of the quite high current densities realized using biodevices based on plant laccase and fungal bilirubin oxidase, the limited thermal stability of the enzymes renders the biocathodes inadequate for practical applications in implanted situations.
Effects of Carbon Nanotube Paper Properties on Enzymatic Bioanodes
Authors: Yu Jiang , Rasmussen Michelle , Minteer Shelley D. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractCarbon papers are frequent current collectors in fuel cells, but recently carbon nanotube papers have been introduced as new types of carbon paper. They have varying thickness, surface area, density, gas permeability, and conductivity. This paper studies the effect of these properties on electrochemical performance. Electropolymerizing methylene green on each carbon nanotube papers was performed to study the papers’ ability to oxidize NADH. Secondly, glucose bioanodes were formed with carbon nanotube papers to study glucose bioelectrocatalysis. The optimal carbon nanotube paper had a high surface area, low gas permeability, and low sheet resistance. Our results showed a greater than three‐fold increase in sensitivity over commercially available Toray carbon paper.
Coupling of finite volume and finite element subdomains using different time integrators
Authors: Li Zhe , Combescure Alain , Leboeuf Francis 
Published: March 2013

SUMMARYThis paper proposes a coupling strategy that can be used for transient fluid–structure interaction. The objective of this paper is to propose a time integrator coupling strategy, which ensures good properties to couple typical solid and typical fluid time integrators in linear cases. It is evaluated on a 1‐D toy problem only dedicated to the study of the quality of time integrators coupling. The structure is discretized by the linear finite element method and solved in time by the Newmark scheme, whereas the finite difference and finite volume methods are used for the fluid subdomain. By projecting the fluid equations on the eigenvector, we obtain a compatibility relation that corresponds to the characteristic line that transfers the fluid information from the inside to the fluid–structure interface. With this appropriate compatibility relation and the solid equations, the interface status is predicted for the next time step, ensuring zero interface energy. Hence, the order of accuracy and the stability are preserved to the minimum level of the two parts, the structure and the fluid. Furthermore, the coupling strategy allows incompatible time steps. Some numerical results are obtained for the 1‐D linear problem, and a good agreement with the analytical solution has been found. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
NERC Matters: NERC Followed in Canada
Authors: Carpentier Deborah 
Published: March 2013

AbstractGiven the interconnected nature of the North American electric grid, Section 215(h) of the United States Energy Policy Act of 2005 urged the negotiation of agreements to “provide for effective compliance with Reliability Standards and the effectiveness of the [Electric Reliability Organization (ERO)] in the United States and Canada or Mexico.”
Asian dust input in the western Philippine Sea: Evidence from radiogenic Sr and Nd isotopes
Authors: Jiang Fuqing , Frank Martin , Li Tiegang , Chen Tian‐Yu , Xu Zhaokai , Li Anchun 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe radiogenic strontium (Sr) and neodymium (Nd) isotope compositions of the detrital fraction of surface and subsurface sediments have been determined to trace sediment provenance and contributions from Asian dust off the east coast of Luzon Islands in the western Philippine Sea. The Sr and Nd isotope compositions have been very homogenous near the east coast of the Luzon Islands during the latest Quaternary yielding relatively least radiogenic Sr (87Sr/86Sr = 0.70453 to 0.70491) and more radiogenic Nd isotope compositions (εNd(0) = +5.3 to +5.5). These isotope compositions are similar to Luzon rocks and show that these sediments were mainly derived from the Luzon Islands. In contrast, the Sr and Nd isotope compositions of sediments on the Benham Rise and in the Philippine Basin are markedly different in that they are characterized by overall more variable and more radiogenic Sr isotope compositions (87Sr/86Sr = 0.70452 to 0.70723) and less radiogenic Nd isotope compositions (εNd(0) = −5.3 to +2.4). The Sr isotope composition in the Huatung Basin is intermediate between those of the east coast of Luzon and Benham Rise, but shows the least radiogenic Nd isotope compositions. The data are consistent with a two end‐member mixing relationship between Luzon volcanic rocks and eolian dust from the Asian continent, which is characterized by highly radiogenic Sr and unradiogenic Nd isotope compositions. The results show that Asian continental dust contributes about 10–50% of the detrital fraction of the sediments on Benham Rise in the western Philippine Sea, which offers the potentials to reconstruct the climatic evolution of eastern Asia from these sediments and compare this information to the records from the central and northern Pacific.
High‐resolution seismic imaging in the Japan Trench axis area off Miyagi, northeastern Japan
Authors: Nakamura Yasuyuki , Kodaira Shuichi , Miura Seiichi , Regalla Christine , Takahashi Narumi 
Published: March 2013

AbstractNewly obtained high‐resolution seismic data reveal the detailed structure of the Japan Trench axis off Miyagi, Japan, in the region of large shallow slip during the 11 March 2011 M9 Tohoku earthquake. Correlation of seismic images with previous drilling results identifies a possible basal chert‐rich layer and hemipelagic/pelagic mudstones overlying igneous Pacific crust. Mapping of acoustic basement depicts the subduction of horst‐and‐graben topography. The basement and basal chert are subducted beneath a seismically chaotic frontal prism, but the majority of overlying hemipelagic mudstones is offscraped and imbricated at the trench axis as a result of plate boundary compression. A possible décollement is imaged as a seaward dipping reflection at landward part of the trench graben and was likely generated by loading and failure of underthrust sediments. Collectively, these analyses provide a structural framework for understanding sedimentary inputs and the localization of shallow plate boundary slip at the Japan Trench.
Hydrophosphonylation of α‐Haloalkenals
Authors: Rulev A. Yu. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTPolyfunctional β‐haloalkenyl α‐hydroxy phosphonates were synthesized chemoselectively by an economical alkali metal alkoxide catalyzed reaction of dialkyl phosphites with α‐haloenals. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 24:187–190, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.21081
The Effects of Values, Work Centrality, and Organizational Commitment on Organizational Citizenship Behaviors: Evidence from Turkish SMEs
Authors: Uçanok Başak , Karabatı Serdar 
Published: March 2013

AbstractOrganizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs) are voluntary contributions of employees not explicitly recognized by the formal reward system and are ultimately critical for sustaining organizational effectiveness (Organ, 1988). The current study aims to investigate the effects of values, work centrality, and organizational commitment on organizational citizenship behaviors in small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) in Turkey. It is predicted that work centrality, and affective and normative commitment will increase OCBs along with those values that correspond to OCBs in terms of content. A cross‐sectional survey was employed with a convenience sample of 277 SME employees. Data were collected in the midst of the 2008 global financial crisis, which allowed for elaboration on the dynamics of OCBs under difficult periods. The analyses revealed that affective commitment and normative commitment were strong predictors of OCBs. Sportsmanship dimension of citizenship was found to be a function of conservation values, work centrality, and both affective and normative commitment. Findings and suggestions for future research are discussed in light of recent OCB literature and a general HRD perspective.
Discharge of major global rivers in the late 21st century climate projected with the high horizontal resolution MRI‐AGCMs
Authors: Nakaegawa Tosiyuki , Kitoh Akio , Hosaka Masahiro 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis study used an atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) with a 20‐km grid spacing and a global river routing model with 0.5° grid resolution to project climatological mean river discharges in the late 21st century under a changing climate. We also performed an ensemble simulation with the same AGCM except with a resolution of 60 km and forced with different lower boundary conditions to quantify the level of confidence in the projections. By the late 21st century, projected annual mean river discharges increased in the high latitudes and in India and the southeastern United States but decreased in broad regions of Europe, western Asia, the western United States, Central America, and the southern half of the Amazon River basin. Projected future changes in monthly river discharges include unique seasonal details not present in the annual discharge projections: in the Amazon River, for example, river discharges were projected to increase in the high‐water season but decrease in the low‐water season. These seasonal changes suggest that monthly river discharge projections should be useful for assessing the human impacts and risks in future planning of water resources and flood control. We devised a way to measure the consistency between the various projections made by our 60‐km ensemble simulations and our standard 20‐km high‐resolution model. Wherever the projected changes were consistent, the future changes also tended to be statistically significant in our high‐resolution model. These results encourage a future projection of discharge for a specific river basin in the world. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An analysis of summer evapotranspiration based on multi‐year observations including extreme climatic conditions over a cool‐temperate evergreen coniferous forest, Takayama, Japan
Authors: Saitoh Taku M. , Tamagawa Ichiro , Muraoka Hiroyuki , Kondo Hiroaki 
Published: March 2013

AbstractFive years (2006–2010) of eddy‐covariance data were used to investigate inter‐annual variation of evapotranspiration (E) under dry canopy conditions (i.e. no rainfall in the previous 24 h) in summer over a cool‐temperate evergreen coniferous forest in Japan. The data included the warmest summer (June to September) in the past 50 years (2010) and the coolest summer in the past 15 years (2009). We found significant differences between 2009 and 2010 in gas exchange properties such as equilibrium evaporation (Eeq) and surface conductance (Gs) in addition to meteorological variables such as air vapour pressure deficit (Da) and net radiation. The values of E, however, were not significantly different in these two years. Furthermore, the inter‐annual variation (coefficient of variance, CV) in E was relatively low (3.5%) as compared with higher values of inter‐annual variation in gas exchange properties (4.2–10.0%) and meteorological factors (4.3–18.3%). The relatively steady E can be explained by (1) less effective atmospheric demand (i.e. less sensitive to Eeq) because of the low decoupling coefficient (0.07–0.15) at the study site and (2) the negative response of Gs to Da and a reduced sensitivity of E to high Da values in relation to plant physiological regulation (i.e. stomatal control). Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.