bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of physical traits, clinical parameters, and energy metabolism of in vivo‐ and in vitro‐derived Flemish newborn calves during the first day of life
Authors: Schütz Luís Fernando , Zago Fabiano Carminatti , de Aguiar Luís Henrique , Forell Fabiana , Martins Leonardo Tondello , Urio Monica , Neto Pedro Claudino dos Santos , Junior Jamir Machado , Tavares Kaio Cesar Simiano , Gaudêncio Neto Saul , Feltrin Cristiano , Mezzalira Alceu , Bertolini Marcelo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractStudies investigating physiological deviations from normality in newborn calves derived from in vitro fertilization procedures remain important for the understanding of factors that reduce calf survival after birth. The aim of this study was to investigate parameters affecting health and welfare of newborn Flemish calves derived from in vitro embryo production (IVP) in the first hours of life in comparison to in vivo‐derived calves. Physical traits of newborn calves and fetal membranes (FM) were recorded soon after birth. Newborn venous blood samples were collected at several time points within the first 24 h of life for analyses of energy substrates, electrolytes, blood gases, acid–base balance, blood chemistry, and haematology. A liver biopsy was taken within the first hour after birth for analysis of gene expression of key enzymes of the fructolytic and glycolytic pathways. Newborn IVP calves were heavier and larger at birth, which was associated with heavier FM. At several time points during the first 24 h of life, IVP‐derived calves had altered rectal temperature, blood gases, electrolyte concentrations, blood parameters for liver, kidney and muscle function, and acid–base balance, plasma lipid metabolism, and hemogram parameters. The relative mRNA abundances for triokinase and lactate dehydrogenase‐B were greater in IVP calves. In summary, IVP‐derived newborn calves were at higher risk of clinical problems after birth, which was markedly greater in heavier and larger calves. Such animals take longer to adapt to extrauterine life and should receive a special attention during the immediate neonatal period.
An aldolase-dependent phloroglucinol degradation pathway in
Collinsella
sp. zg1085
Authors: Li Yating , Xu Tong , Tu Yanqin , Li Tong , Wei Yifeng , Zhou Yan 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Phloroglucinol (1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene) is a key intermediate in the degradation of polyphenols such as flavonoids and hydrolysable tannins and can be used by certain bacteria as a carbon and energy source for growth. The identification of enzymes that participate in the fermentation of phloroglucinol to acetate and butyrate in
Clostridia
was recently reported. In this study, we present the discovery and characterization of a novel metabolic pathway for phloroglucinol degradation in the bacterium
Collinsella
sp. zg1085, from marmot respiratory tract. In both the
Clostridial
and
Collinsella
pathways, phloroglucinol is first reduced to dihydrophoroglucinol by the NADPH-dependent phloroglucinol reductase (PGR), followed by ring opening to form (
S
)-3-hydroxy-5-oxohexanoate by a Mn
2+
-dependent dihydrophloroglucinol cyclohydrolase (DPGC). In the
Collinsella
pathway, (
S
)-3-hydroxy-5-oxohexanoate is then cleaved to form malonate semialdehyde and acetone by a newly identified aldolase (HOHA). Finally, a NADP
+
-dependent malonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase converts malonate semialdehyde to CO
2
and acetyl-CoA, an intermediate in carbon and energy metabolism. Recombinant expression of the
Collinsella
PGR, DPGC, and HOHA in
E. coli
enabled the conversion of phloroglucinol into acetone, providing support for the proposed pathway. Experiments with
Olsenella profusa
, another bacterium containing the gene cluster of interest, show that the PGR, DPGC, HOHA, and MSDH are induced by phloroglucinol. Our findings add to the variety of metabolic pathways for the degradation of phloroglucinol, a widely distributed phenolic compound, in the anaerobic microbiome.

IMPORTANCE

Phloroglucinol is an important intermediate in the bacterial degradation of polyphenols, a highly abundant class of plant natural products. Recent research has identified key enzymes of the phloroglucinol degradation pathway in butyrate-producing anaerobic bacteria, which involves cleavage of a linear triketide intermediate by a beta ketoacid cleavage enzyme, requiring acetyl-CoA as a co-substrate. This paper reports a variant of the pathway in the lactic acid bacterium
Collinsella
sp. zg1085, which involves cleavage of the triketide intermediate by a homolog of deoxyribose-5-phosphate aldolase, highlighting the variety of mechanisms for phloroglucinol degradation by different anaerobic bacterial taxa.
Age, sedimentology, and deformational history of the Mesozoic Franciscan accretionary complex, Angel Island, California, USA
Authors: Das Meghomita , Anfinson Owen , Rowe Christie , Schroeder Nicolas 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The Franciscan Complex represents the forearc accretionary wedge that formed during late Mesozoic–Cenozoic subduction in California, USA, and preserves detailed records of long-lived subduction and exhumation of high-pressure, low-temperature rocks. As one of the world’s largest exposed subduction complexes, it records the evolution of subduction dynamics that correspond to the tectonic development of the western USA.
Lithotectonic units within the Franciscan Complex represent different stages, mechanisms, and depths of accretion in the subduction history. Previous authors have proposed subdivisions for the Franciscan Complex, but as the metasedimentary units are very similar over large spatial and temporal scales, they have been difficult to map except on the broadest scales. This restricts the potential for researchers to characterize past tectonic events and subduction/exhumation mechanisms.
Angel Island in the San Francisco Bay has previously been mapped as an undivided blueschist-facies metasedimentary unit thrust over lower-grade metasediments along the Quarry Point thrust, but we find that the Angel Island units include lithologic and metamorphic diversity spanning nearly the entire range of variability for the Franciscan Complex. We present new mapping, lithologic descriptions, and detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology to propose a new lithostratigraphy for Angel Island consisting of seven structurally juxtaposed units ranging from sub-metamorphic to low blueschist. The structurally highest and structurally lowest units are sub-blueschist grade, and the center of the fault-bounded stack consists of blueschist-grade metasediments separated by a thin sliver of sodic-amphibole metabasalt. The blueschist units and structurally higher sub-blueschist–grade units have maximum depositional ages of ca. 108–110 Ma, which is consistent with similar grade units from across the Bay Area, and they match well with respect to lithology and metamorphic grade. The structurally lowest units below the Quarry Point thrust have similar provenance but younger maximum depositional ages of ca. 97 Ma. These units have been suggested by previous authors to be affiliated with either Alcatraz or Marin Headlands rocks, which have similar depositional ages but show much more diversity in detrital zircon age spectra, which makes their association debatable.
These results offer the first high-resolution detrital zircon U-Pb geochronologic dataset from the Franciscan Complex that allows definition of the diversity of age and provenance within a previously defined regional unit, which should be considered in future work attempting regional correlations with regional sample distribution.
Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome without gonadotropin stimulation: an unusual response to a GnRH agonist
Authors: Petch Sarah , Bauman Renato , Hatunic Mensud , Allen Cathy 
Published: July 2024

Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is a well-known iatrogenic complication of ovarian stimulation with gonadotropins. We present the case of a woman in her 30s who developed OHSS without the administration of gonadotropins. She was due to undergo intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) for primary subfertility. After taking a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor agonist for 3 weeks, she presented with abdominal pain, nausea and bloating. She was diagnosed with moderate to severe OHSS, requiring management as an inpatient.Investigations included a pelvic ultrasound scan showing an enlarged ovary, serum oestradiol >30 000 pmol/L and an MRI of the brain with an incidental finding of a 5 mm pituitary microadenoma.She recovered rapidly and was referred for endocrinology evaluation and multidisciplinary team discussion. The OHSS was felt to be explained by an unusual ‘flare’ response to a GnRH agonist. A further ICSI cycle with an antagonist protocol is planned.
Assessment of neuropathy subtypes in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Karlsson Pall , Sjogaard Marie Balle , Schousboe Karoline , Mizrak Hatice Isik , Kufaishi Huda , Staehelin Jensen Troels , Randel Nyengaard Jens , Hansen Christian Stevns , Yderstræde Knud Bonnet , Buhl Christian Selmer 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionDiabetic polyneuropathy (DPN), a common complication of diabetes, can manifest as small, large, or mixed fiber neuropathy (SFN, LFN, and MFN, respectively), depending on the type of fibers involved. Despite evidence indicating small fiber involvement prior to large fiber involvement in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM)-associated DPN, no evidence has been produced to determine the more prevalent subtype. We aim to determine the more prevalent type of nerve fiber damage—SFN, LFN, and MFN—in T1DM-associated DPN, both with and without pain.Research design and methodsIn this cross-sectional study, participants (n=216) were divided into controls; T1DM; T1DM with non-painful DPN (NP-DPN); and T1DM with painful DPN (P-DPN). DPN was further subgrouped based on neuropathy severity. The more prevalent type of fiber damage was determined applying small and large fiber-specific tests and three diagnostic models: model 1 (≥1 abnormal test); model 2 (≥2 abnormal tests); and model 3 (≥3 abnormal tests).ResultsMFN showed the highest prevalence in T1DM-associated DPN. No differences in neuropathy subtype were found between NP-DPN and P-DPN. DPN, with prevalent SFN plateaus between models 2 and 3. All models showed increased prevalence of MFN according to DPN severity. Model 3 showed increased DPN with prevalent LFN in early neuropathy. DPN with prevalent SFN demonstrated a similar, but non-significant pattern.ConclusionsDPN primarily manifests as MFN in T1DM, with no differentiation between NP-DPN and P-DPN. Additionally, we propose model 2 as an initial criterion for diagnosing DPN with a more prevalent SFN subtype in T1DM. Lastly, the study suggests that in mild stages of DPN, one type of nerve fiber (either small or large) is more susceptible to damage.
Individual and geospatial factors associated with receipt of colorectal cancer screening: a state-wide mixed-level analysis
Authors: Bayly Jennifer E , Schonberg Mara A , Castro Marcia C , Mukamal Kenneth J 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundColorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer death in US adults but can be reduced by screening. The roles of individual and contextual factors, and especially physician supply, in attaining universal CRC screening remains uncertain.MethodsWe used data from adults 50–75 years old participating in the 2018 New York (NY) Behavioural Risk Factor Surveillance System linked to county-level covariates, including primary care physician (PCP) density and gastroenterologist (GI) density. Data were analysed in 2023–2024. Our analyses included (1) ecological and geospatial analyses of county-level CRC screening prevalence and (2) individual-level Poisson regression models of receipt of screening, adjusted for socioeconomic and county-level contextual variables.ResultsMean prevalence of up-to-date CRC screening was 71% (95% CI 70% to 73%) across NY’s 62 counties. County-level CRC screening demonstrated significant spatial patterning (Global Moran’s I=0.14, p=0.04), consistent with the existence of county-level contextual factors. In both county-level and individual-level analyses, lack of health insurance was associated with lower likelihood of up-to-date screening (ß=−1.09 (95% CI −2.00 to –0.19); adjusted prevalence ratio 0.68 (95% CI 0.60 to 0.77)), even accounting for age, race/ethnicity and education. In contrast, county-level densities of both PCPs and GIs were completely unassociated with screening at either the county or individual level. As expected, other determinants at the individual level included education status and age.ConclusionIn this state-wide representative analysis, physician density was completely unassociated with CRC screening, although health insurance status remains strongly related. In similar screening environments, broadened insurance coverage for CRC screening is likely to improve screening far more effectively than increased physician supply.
Pretreatment CT-based machine learning radiomics model predicts response in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma treated with lenvatinib plus PD-1 inhibitors and interventional therapy
Authors: Hua Yonglin , Sun Zhixian , Xiao Yuxin , Li Huilong , Ma Xiaowu , Luo Xuan , Tan Wenliang , Xie Zhiqin , Zhang Ziyu , Tang Chenwei , Zhuang Hongkai , Xu Weikai , Zhu Haihong , Chen Yajin , Shang Changzhen 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundLenvatinib plus PD-1 inhibitors and interventional (LPI) therapy have demonstrated promising treatment effects in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, biomarkers for predicting the response to LPI therapy remain to be further explored. We aimed to develop a radiomics model to noninvasively predict the efficacy of LPI therapy.MethodsClinical data of patients with HCC receiving LPI therapy were collected in our institution. The clinical model was built with clinical information. Nine machine learning classifiers were tested and the multilayer perceptron classifier with optimal performance was used as the radiomics model. The clinical-radiomics model was constructed by integrating clinical and radiomics scores through logistic regression analysis.Results151 patients were enrolled in this study (2:1 randomization, 101 and 50 in the training and validation cohorts), of which three achieved complete response, 69 showed partial response, 46 showed stable disease, and 33 showed progressive disease. The objective response rate, disease control rate, and conversion resection rates were 47.7, 78.1 and 23.2%. 14 features were selected from the initially extracted 1223 for radiomics model construction. The area under the curves of the radiomics model (0.900 for training and 0.893 for validation) were comparable to that of the clinical-radiomics model (0.912 for training and 0.892 for validation), and both were superior to the clinical model (0.669 for training and 0.585 for validation). Meanwhile, the radiomics model can categorize participants into high-risk and low-risk groups for progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in the training (HR 1.913, 95% CI 1.121 to 3.265, p=0.016 for PFS; HR 4.252, 95% CI 2.051 to 8.816, p=0.001 for OS) and validation sets (HR 2.347, 95% CI 1.095 to 5.031, p=0.012 for PFS; HR 2.592, 95% CI 1.050 to 6.394, p=0.019 for OS).ConclusionThe promising machine learning radiomics model was developed and validated to predict the efficacy of LPI therapy for patients with HCC and perform risk stratification, with comparable performance to clinical-radiomics model.
A HEART FAILURE PREDICTION ALGORITHM BASED ON IMPROVED REINFORCEMENT LEARNING FRAMEWORK
Authors: ZHANG YIJIE , YANG XIANGBO 
Published: July 2024

Reducing the occurrence of diseases has become an important research direction in today’s social medicine. Accurate prediction of heart failure can greatly reduce the complication rate, allowing patients to know the condition in advance and receive treatment. To deal with heart failure, this paper proposes a heart failure prediction algorithm based on a reinforcement learning framework. This paper combines and improves the reinforcement learning algorithm and the swarm intelligence (SI) optimization algorithm, aiming to use the reinforcement learning algorithm to improve the global optimization capability of the SI optimization algorithm. In order to better improve the global search ability of the SI optimization algorithm, the penalty function will be replaced by a combination mode of dynamic and static reward. The improved reinforcement learning algorithm framework is significantly better than the previous algorithm framework and has been used to predict heart failure. The experimental results have proven the effectiveness of the algorithm and its accuracy in prediction of heart failure.
Quality Implications of Foreign Metallic Particles in the Membrane Electrode Assembly of a Fuel Cell
Authors: Kumar Nitish , Chen Yixuan , Bahrami MohammadAmin , Lowe Olivia C. , Orfino Francesco P. , Dutta Monica , Lauritzen Michael , Setzler Erin , Agapov Alexander L. , Kjeang Erik 
Published: July 2024

Foreign metallic particles unintentionally trapped within the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) may adversely affect quality and yield of high-volume fuel cell production, for instance by damaging the membrane or releasing metallic cation contaminants. The present work aims to understand the impacts of 55 ± 5 μm Fe and SS316L metallic particles present at the membrane - cathode catalyst layer (CCL) interface during fuel cell fabrication, conditioning, and diagnostics. In-situ X-ray computed tomography imaging of particle-laden MEAs within a customized small-scale fuel cell fixture reveals that Fe particles undergo complete dissolution within the first air starve cycle of the conditioning phase. After dissolution, legacy particles are observed to incur considerable damage within the MEA, including void spaces at the membrane-CCL interface, membrane thinning, CCL cracks, and membrane rupture. In stark contrast, the SS316L particles feature negligible dissolution during fuel cell conditioning and diagnostics and remain largely intact, merely causing membrane-CCL delamination in their vicinity. Post-operation chemical analysis by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry indicates Fe ion concentrations in the range of 800–950 ppm and 10–25 ppm for the Fe and SS316L laden MEAs, respectively, which correlates to visual observations of particle dissolution and slight reductions in fuel cell performance.
Clinical Significance of Exercise Pulmonary Hypertension With a Negative Diastolic Stress Test for Suspected Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Verwerft Jan , Stassen Jan , Falter Maarten , Bekhuis Youri , Hoedemakers Sarah , Gojevic Tin , Ferreira Sara Moura , Vanhentenrijk Simon , Stroobants Sarah , Jogani Siddharth , Hansen Dominique , Jasaityte Ruta , Cosyns Bernard , Van De Bruaene Alexander , Bertrand Philippe B. , de Boer Rudolf A. , Gevaert Andreas B. , Verbrugge Frederik H. , Herbots Lieven , Claessen Guido 
Published: July 2024

Background
Half of patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) remain undiagnosed by resting evaluation alone. Therefore, exercise testing is proposed. The diastolic stress test (DST), however, has limited sensitivity. We aimed to determine the clinical significance of adding the mean pulmonary artery pressure over cardiac output (mPAP/CO) slope to the DST in suspected HFpEF.

Methods and Results

In this prospective cohort study, consecutive patients (n=1936) with suspected HFpEF underwent exercise echocardiography with simultaneous respiratory gas analysis. These patients were stratified by exercise
E
over
e
′ (exE/
e
′) and mPAP/CO slope, and peak oxygen uptake, natriuretic peptides (NT‐proBNP [N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide]), and score‐based HFpEF likelihood were compared. Twenty‐two percent of patients (n=428) had exE/
e
′<15 despite a mPAP/CO slope>3 mm Hg/L per min, 24% (n=464) had a positive DST (exE/
e
′≥15), and 54% (n=1044) had a normal DST and slope. Percentage of predicted oxygen uptake was similar in the group with exE/
e
′<15 but high mPAP/CO slope and the positive DST group (−2% [−5% to +1%]), yet worse than in those with normal DST and slope (−12% [−14% to −9%]). Patients with exE/
e
′<15 but a high slope had NT‐proBNP levels and H
2
FPEF (heavy, hypertensive, atrial fibrillation, pulmonary hypertension, elder; filling pressure) scores intermediate to the positive DST group and the group with both a normal DST and slope.

Conclusions
Twenty‐two percent of patients with suspected HFpEF presented with a mPAP/CO slope>3 mm Hg/L per min despite a negative DST. These patients had HFpEF characteristics and a peak oxygen uptake as low as patients with a positive DST. Therefore, an elevated mPAP/CO slope might indicate HFpEF irrespective of the DST result.
Sex Disparities in Mortality After Endovascular Therapy in Large Core Infarcts
Authors: Le Ngoc Mai , Neal‐Harris Camille , Ebirim Emmanuel C. , Iyyangar Ananya S. , Azeem Hussain , Ballekere Anjan N. , Dhanjani Saagar , Lee Eunyoung , Sheth Sunil A. 
Published: July 2024

Background
In recent large core endovascular therapy (EVT) trials of large vessel occlusion acute ischemic stroke (AIS), treatment was associated with reduced rates of mortality. Because post‐AIS mortality can be influenced by societal and biological factors that differ between women and men, we investigate sex‐based differences in mortality outcomes following EVT in large core AIS.

Methods
From our prospectively collected multicenter registry across 4 comprehensive stroke centers in the Greater Houston area, we identified patients from 2017 to 2022 with large vessel occlusion AIS and large infarct core. Large infarct core was defined by computed tomography perfusion exceeding 70 mL (by regional cerebral blood flow measurements using automated postprocessing) or computed tomography Alberta Stroke Program Early CT [Computed Tomography] Score<6. The primary outcome of this study was the likelihood of mortality at 90 days, determined through multivariable logistic regression adjusted for EVT, sex, and EVT/sex interaction term. Secondary outcomes included 90‐day disability outcomes and intracerebral hemorrhage.

Results

Among 190 patients who met inclusion criteria, 50% were female and 45.3% received EVT. Demographic differences between the sexes were largely balanced apart from the older age of presentation for women compared with men (75 versus 67, women versus men;
P
<0.01). In univariable analysis, women who did not receive EVT had greater mortality (27.4% difference;
P
<0.001) compared with men, with comparable rates in EVT‐treated cohorts. In multivariable analysis, non‐EVT management was strongly associated with mortality in women compared with men at discharge (odds ratio [OR] 5.81, 95% CI [1.96–17.23]) and 90‐days (OR 6.77, 95% CI [2.09–21.94]). In the secondary analysis, which additionally adjusted the model for age and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, these findings were unchanged. The sex/EVT interaction term showed significant interaction for mortality both at discharge and 90 days (
P
<0.01).

Conclusion
EVT in large core AIS populations may disparately reduce mortality in women compared to men.