bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a guided bone regeneration device using salicylic acid‐poly(anhydride‐ester) polymers and osteoconductive scaffolds
Authors: Mitchell Ashley , Kim Brian , Cottrell Jessica , Snyder Sabrina , Witek Lukasz , Ricci John , Uhrich Kathryn E. , Patrick O'Connor J. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractSuccessful repair of craniofacial and periodontal tissue defects ideally involves a combined therapy that includes inflammation modulation, control of soft tissue infiltration, and bone regeneration. In this study, an anti‐inflammatory polymer, salicylic acid‐based poly(anhydride‐ester) (SAPAE) and a three‐dimensional osteoconductive ceramic scaffold were evaluated as a combined guided bone regeneration (GBR) system for concurrent control of inflammation, soft tissue ingrowth, and bone repair in a rabbit cranial defect model. At time periods of 1, 3, and 8 weeks, five groups were compared: (1) scaffolds with a solid ceramic cap (as a GBR structure); (2) scaffolds with no cap; (3) scaffolds with a poly(lactide‐glycolide) cap; (4) scaffolds with a slow release SAPAE polymer cap; and (5) scaffolds with a fast release SAPAE polymer cap. Cellular infiltration and bone formation in these scaffolds were evaluated to assess inflammation and bone repair capacity of the test groups. The SAPAE polymers suppressed inflammation and displayed no deleterious effect on bone formation. Additional work is warranted to optimize the anti‐inflammatory action of the SAPAE, GBR suppression of soft tissue infiltration, and stimulation of bone formation in the scaffolds and create a composite device for successful repair of craniofacial and periodontal tissue defects. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 655–664, 2014.
Evaluation of magnesium‐yttrium alloy as an extraluminal tracheal stent
Authors: Luffy Sarah A. , Chou Da‐Tren , Waterman Jenora , Wearden Peter D. , Kumta Prashant N. , Gilbert Thomas W. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractTracheomalacia is a relatively rare problem, but can be challenging to treat, particularly in pediatric patients. Due to the presence of mechanically deficient cartilage, the trachea is unable to resist collapse under physiologic pressures of respiration, which can lead to acute death if left untreated. However, if treated, the outcome for patients with congenital tracheomalacia is quite good because the cartilage tends to spontaneously mature over a period of 12 to 18 months. The present study investigated the potential for the use of degradable magnesium‐3% yttrium alloy (W3) to serve as an extraluminal tracheal stent in a canine model. The host response to the scaffold included the formation of a thin, vascularized capsule consisting of collagenous tissue and primarily mononuclear cells. The adjacent cartilage structure was not adversely affected as observed by bronchoscopic, gross, histologic, and mechanical analysis. The W3 stents showed reproducible spatial and temporal fracture patterns, but otherwise tended to corrode quite slowly, with a mix of Ca and P rich corrosion product formed on the surface and observed focal regions of pitting. The study showed that the approach to use degradable magnesium alloys as an extraluminal tracheal stent is promising, although further development of the alloys is required to improve the resistance to stress corrosion cracking and improve the ductility. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 611–620, 2014.
Obesity and melanoma: Exploring molecular links
Authors: Chen Jiezhong , Chi Mengna , Chen Chen , Zhang Xu Dong 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObesity is now a major health problem due to its rapidly increasing incidence worldwide and severe consequences. Among many conditions associated with obesity are some cancers including melanoma. Both genetic defects and environmental risk factors are involved in the carcinogenesis of melanoma. Activation of multiple signal pathways such as the PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathways are necessary for the initiation of melanoma. Activation of the MAPK pathway as a result of activating mutations in BRAF is commonly seen in melanoma though it alone is not sufficient to cause malignant transformation of melanocytes. Obesity can result in the activation of many signal pathways including PI3K/Akt, MAPK, and STAT3. The activation of these pathways may have a synergistic effect with the genetic defects thereby increasing the incidence of melanoma. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 1955–1961, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Protective induction of Hsp70 in heat‐stressed primary myoblasts: Involvement of MAPKs
Authors: Bironaite Daiva , Brunk Ulf , Venalis Algirdas 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTThe involvement of extracellular signal‐regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1,2), stress kinase p38 and c‐Jun NH2‐terminal kinases 1 and 2 (JNK1,2) on Hsp70‐upregulation following mild heat shock, and resulting cell protection, was studied on rabbit primary myoblasts. Cells subjected to heat stress (42°C; 60 min) showed a significantly enhanced amount of heat‐shock‐induced protein 70 (Hsp70), correlating with sustained phosphorylation of MAP kinases ERK1,2, inhibition of p38 and JNK1,2 activation. Induced Hsp70 did not autocrinally suppress activation of transcription factor c‐Jun, suggesting involvement of the latter in the protection of myoblasts following heat shock. The inhibition of stress kinases p38, JNK1,2, and MEK1,2 by SP600125, SB203580, and UO126, respectively, established the involvement of JNK1,2 and p38 as upstream, and ERK1,2 as downstream targets of Hsp70 induction. Moreover, the effect of the MEK1,2 inhibitor UO126 revealed a new pathway of c‐Jun activation by ERK1,2 in myogenic heat‐stressed stem cells. The presented data show that transient activation of JNK1, JNK2, and p38 is necessary for Hsp70 induction and ensuing cell protection. In conclusion, affecting myogenic stem cell protective mechanisms might be a useful strategy in improving stem cell survival and their expanded application in therapy. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 2024–2031, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A novel pixellated solid‐state photon detector for enhancing the everhart–thornley detector
Authors: Chuah Joon Huang , Holburn David 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTThis article presents a pixellated solid‐state photon detector designed specifically to improve certain aspects of the existing Everhart–Thornley detector. The photon detector was constructed and fabricated in an Austriamicrosystems 0.35 µm complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor process technology. This integrated circuit consists of an array of high‐responsivity photodiodes coupled to corresponding low‐noise transimpedance amplifiers, a selector‐combiner circuit and a variable‐gain postamplifier. Simulated and experimental results show that the photon detector can achieve a maximum transimpedance gain of 170 dBΩ and minimum bandwidth of 3.6 MHz. It is able to detect signals with optical power as low as 10 nW and produces a minimum signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of 24 dB regardless of gain configuration. The detector has been proven to be able to effectively select and combine signals from different pixels. The key advantages of this detector are smaller dimensions, higher cost effectiveness, lower voltage and power requirements and better integration. The photon detector supports pixel‐selection configurability which may improve overall SNR and also potentially generate images for different analyses. This work has contributed to the future research of system‐level integration of a pixellated solid‐state detector for secondary electron detection in the scanning electron microscope. Microsc. Res. Tech. 76:648–652, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Phase‐labeled reference EPI for frequency‐segmented inhomogeneity corrections (PREFICS)
Authors: Zeller Mario , Müller Alexander , Hahn Dietbert , Köstler Herbert 
Published: March 2013

PurposeTo develop a method to correct for geometric distortions in non‐Cartesian echo planar imaging using data acquired in a fast prescan.MethodsEcho planar images were obtained using a non‐Cartesian density weighted k‐space trajectory. In contrast to linear Cartesian acquisition, distortions arising in non‐Cartesian acquisitions can only be corrected using conjugate phase‐based methods. Up to now these methods require a time consuming field map acquisition in undistorted coordinates. In this work, a phase‐labeled reference EPI scan was performed in a very short time, yielding a displacement map in distorted coordinates. Subsequently, this map was applied to itself and thus transformed into undistorted coordinates. The echo planar images were then corrected with a frequency‐segmented conjugate phase method. The results were compared with corrections based on a multi‐echo reference field map acquired in undistorted coordinates.ResultsUncorrected density weighted EPI exhibited geometric distortions and severe ringing artifacts. These distortions could be successfully corrected using the novel method. The quality was comparable to corrections based on the multi‐echo reference field map. The novel method shortens the field map acquisition duration by a factor of 64.ConclusionThe method presented allows correcting non‐Cartesian EPI from a reference scan consisting of only two phase‐labeled echo planar images. Magn Reson Med 71:1117–1122, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Influence of different linkage groups in biphenyl mesogenic core on phase behaviors of mesogen‐jacketed liquid crystalline polymers
Authors: Zhang Lan‐Ying , Zhang Yang‐Fei 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTThe work focuses on the design, synthesis, and characterization of a series of mesogen‐jacketed liquid crystalline polymers (MJLCPs) based on the octyl substituted biphenyl mesogenic core through different linkage groups. The molecular characterizations of the polymers obtained by conventional free radical polymerization were performed with 1H NMR, gel permeation chromatography, and thermogravimetric analysis. Their thermotropic liquid crystalline (LC) behaviors were investigated in detail by a combination of various techniques, such as polarized light microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and 1D and 2D wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction. Our results showed that all the polymers were thermally stable, and their LC phases were greatly dependent on the linking groups between the biphenyl mesogenic core and terminal alkyl group substituent. Polymers with ether/ester or ether linkage group exhibited an unusual phase behavior with temperature increasing, tetragonal columnar nematic LC phase, or columnar nematic phase developed at high temperatures for the polymers transformed into amorphous phase during cooling process, showing a re‐entrant phase behaviors. However, polymers with ester linkage group were not LC with temperature varied. It is illustrated that subtle changes in the molecular structure brought about tremendous variation of the LC phase properties for MJLCPs. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 2545–2554
Global assessment of vulnerability to sea‐level rise in topography‐limited and recharge‐limited coastal groundwater systems
Authors: Michael Holly A. , Russoniello Christopher J. , Byron Lindsay A. 
Published: March 2013

Key Points
Topography‐limited systems respond more to sea‐level rise than recharge‐limited
70% of world coastlines may be topography‐limited
Hydrogeologic setting is critical to determine groundwater vulnerability
Predicting regime shifts in flow of the Gunnison River under changing climate conditions
Authors: Miller W. Paul , DeRosa Gina M. , Gangopadhyay Subhrendu , Valdés Juan B. 
Published: March 2013

Key Points
Projected Gunnison River Basin hydrology is fitted to a gamma distribution
Changes to wet and dry regime characteristics under climate change are expected
Changing regime characteristics may influence future reservoir operations
Laparoscopy‐assisted Anorectal Pull‐through in Anorectal Malformations: A Reappraisal
Authors: van der Zee David C. , Dik Pieter , Beek Frederik J 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackgroundAnorectal malformation is a complex anomaly with a broad variety of expressions. There are different techniques available for correction of the anomaly, all with their specific morbidity. Recently, much attention has been paid to acquired posterior urethral diverticulum after correction of anorectal malformation. The aim of this retrospective study was to reappraise the laparoscopic approach to correction of the anorectal malformation with respect to what can be prevented and what can be improved.MethodsBetween July 2000 and July 2011, a total of 19 boys born with a high or intermediate anorectal malformation were admitted to our center. All patients underwent a diagnostic workup and were included in the follow‐up protocol. Follow‐up continence was scored according to the Krickenbeck criteria. Patients were also invited for an ultrasound and micturition cystourethrogram (MCUG) at follow‐up to determine or exclude the presence of a posterior urethral diverticulum.ResultsAll patients underwent a successful laparoscopy‐assisted anorectal pull‐through. Mean age at the time of surgery was 2.5 months. Mean length of hospital stay was 5 days. Mean follow‐up was 73 months. Complications were encountered in six patients. At follow‐up 53 % of all our patients had spontaneous bowel movements and 41 % needed the help of laxatives or rectal washouts. In three patients a residual blind ending fistula was determined on MCUG but there was no true diverticulum.ConclusionCorrection of anorectal malformation is a complex procedure with significant morbidity. Refinements of the technique may prevent complications and improve outcome in both the laparoscopic and posterior sagittal anorectoplasty. Acquired posterior urethral diverticulum does not necessarily need to occur more often with the laparoscopic approach.
On a problem of Chen and Liu concerning the prime power factorization of 𝑛!
Authors: Morgenbesser Johannes , Stoll Thomas 
Published: March 2013

For a fixed prime

p
p

, let

e
p

(
n
!
)

e_p(n!)

denote the order of

p
p

in the prime factorization of

n
!

n!

. Chen and Liu (2007) asked whether for any fixed

m
m

, one has

{

e
p

(

n
2

!
)
mod
m
:

n
∈

Z

}
=

Z

m

\{e_p(n^2!) \bmod m:\; n\in \mathbb {Z}\}=\mathbb {Z}_m

and

{

e
p

(
q
!
)
mod
m
:

q

prime

}
=

Z

m

\{e_p(q!) \bmod m:\; q \mbox { prime}\}=\mathbb {Z}_m

. We answer these two questions and show asymptotic formulas for

#
{
n
>
x
:
n
≡
a
mod
d
,

e
p

(

n
2

!
)
≡
r
mod
m
}

\# \{n>x: n \equiv a \bmod d,\; e_p(n^2!)\equiv r \bmod m\}

and

#
{
q
>
x
:
q

prime

,
q
≡
a
mod
d
,

e
p

(
q
!
)
≡
r
mod
m
}

\# \{q>x: q \mbox { prime}, q \equiv a \bmod d,\; e_p(q!)\equiv r \bmod m\}

. Furthermore, we show that for each

h
⩾
3

h\geqslant 3

, we have

#
{
n
>
x
:
n
≡
a
mod
d
,

e
p

(

n
h

!
)
≡
r
mod
m
}
≫

x

4

/

(
3
h
+
1
)

\#\{n>x: n \equiv a \bmod d,\; e_p(n^h!)\equiv r \bmod m\} \gg x^{4/(3h+1)}

.
An accessible database for mouse and human whole transcriptome qPCR primers
Authors: Zeisel Amit , Yitzhaky Assif , Bossel Ben-Moshe Noa , Domany Eytan 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Motivation: Real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) is an important tool in quantitative studies of DNA and RNA molecules; especially in transcriptome studies, where different primer combinations allow identification of specific transcripts such as splice variants or precursor messenger RNA. Several softwares that implement various rules for optimal primer design are available. Nevertheless, as designing qPCR primers needs to be done manually, the repeated task is tedious, time consuming and prone to errors.
Results: We used a set of rules to automatically design all possible exon–exon and intron–exon junctions in the human and mouse transcriptomes. The resulting database is included as a track in the UCSC genome browser, making it widely accessible and easy to use.
Availability: The database is available from the UCSC genome browser (http://genome.ucsc.edu/), track name ‘Whole Transcriptome qPCR Primers’ for the hg19 (Human) and mm10 (Mouse) genome versions. Batch query is available in the following: http://www.weizmann.ac.il/complex/compphys/software/Amit/primers/batch_query_qpcr_primers.htm
Contact: amit.zeisel@weizmann.ac.il or eytan.domany@weizmann.ac.il
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
MCScanX-transposed: detecting transposed gene duplications based on multiple colinearity scans
Authors: Wang Yupeng , Li Jingping , Paterson Andrew H. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Summary: Gene duplication occurs via different modes such as segmental and single-gene duplications. Transposed gene duplication, a specific form of single-gene duplication, ‘copies’ a gene from an ancestral chromosomal location to a novel location. MCScanX is a toolkit for detection and evolutionary analysis of gene colinearity. We have developed MCScanX-transposed, a software package to detect transposed gene duplications that occurred within different epochs, based on execution of MCScanX within and between related genomes. MCScanX-transposed can be also used for integrative analysis of gene duplication modes for a genome and to annotate a gene family of interest with gene duplication modes.
Availability: MCScanX-transposed is freely available at http://chibba.pgml.uga.edu/mcscan2/transposed/.
Contact: wyp1125@gmail.com or paterson@plantbio.uga.edu
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
R144 revealed as a double-lined spectroscopic binary
Authors: Sana H. , van Boeckel T. , Tramper F. , Ellerbroek L. E. , de Koter A. , Kaper L. , Moffat A. F. J. , Schnurr O. , Schneider F. R. N. , Gies D. R. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
R144 is a WN6h star in the 30 Doradus region. It is suspected to be a binary because of its high luminosity and its strong X-ray flux, but no periodicity could be established so far. Here, we present new X-shooter multi-epoch spectroscopy of R144 obtained at the ESO Very Large Telescope. We detect variability in position and/or shape of all the spectral lines. We measure radial velocity variations with an amplitude larger than 250 km s−1 in N iv and N v lines. Furthermore, the N iii and N v line Doppler shifts are anticorrelated and the N iv lines show a double-peaked profile on six of our seven epochs. We thus conclude that R144 is a double-lined spectroscopic binary. Possible orbital periods range from two to six months, although a period up to one year is allowed if the orbit is highly eccentric. We estimate the spectral types of the components to be WN5–6h and WN6–7h, respectively. The high luminosity of the system (log Lbol/L⊙ ≈ 6.8) suggests a present-day total mass content in the range of about 200–300 M⊙, depending on the evolutionary stage of the components. This makes R144 the most massive binary identified so far, with a total mass content at birth possibly as large as 400 M⊙. We briefly discuss the presence of such a massive object, 60 pc away from the R136 cluster core in the context of star formation and stellar dynamics.
CIRCUMSCRIBED OUTER FOVEOLAR DEFECTS IN SPINOCEREBELLAR ATAXIA TYPE 7
Authors: Watkins William M. , Schoenberger Scott D. , Lavin Patrick , Agarwal Anita 
Published: March 2013

Purpose:
To report circumscribed outer foveolar defects in a 40-year-old man with a history of spinocerebellar ataxia type 7.

Methods:
A 40-year-old man with genetically confirmed spinocerebellar ataxia type 7 presented with progressive vision loss and decreased color perception for 3 years. He underwent a full ocular examination, fundus photography, autofluorescence, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography imaging, and a full-field electroretinogram.

Results:
The patient’s ocular examination and fundus autofluorescence were both normal except for mild temporal pallor of both optic discs. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomographic imaging showed foveal thinning with an outer foveolar defect because of focal loss of photoreceptors, disruption of the inner segment–outer segment junction but preservation of the external limiting membrane, and thinning of the outer plexiform layer in both eyes. Electroretinography showed severely reduced cone function with mildly reduced rod function.

Conclusion:
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 7 should be included in the differential diagnosis for “outer retinal holes” or “foveal cavitation,” which also includes solar retinopathy, juxtafoveal telangiectasia, Welder maculopathy, tamoxifen retinopathy, Stargardt disease, amyl nitrate abuse, and cone or cone–rod degeneration syndromes.
Magnet‐Related Injury Rates in Children
Authors: Agbo Chioma , Lee Lois , Chiang Vincent , Landscahft Assaf , Kimia Tomer , Monuteaux Michael C. , Kimia Amir A. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTBackground and Objective:The ingestion of multiple magnets simultaneously or the placement of magnets in both nares can lead to serious injury resulting from the attraction of the magnets across the tissues. The impact of mandatory standards for toys containing magnets has not been thoroughly investigated. The aim of the present study was to describe the emergency department (ED) visit rate for magnet‐related injuries.Methods:We performed a retrospective study of children evaluated for magnet‐related injuries from 1995 to 2012 in an urban tertiary care pediatric ED. We identified cases using a computerized text‐search methodology followed by manual chart review. We included children evaluated for magnet ingestion or impaction in the ears, nose, vagina, or rectum. We assessed the type and number of magnets as well as management and required interventions. A Poisson regression model was used to analyze rates of injury over time.Results:We identified 112 cases of magnet injuries. The median patient age was 6 years (IQR 3.5, 10), and 54% were male. Compared to before 2006, the rate for all magnet‐related injuries in 2007–2012 (incidence rate ratio 3.44; 95% confidence interval 2.3–5.11) as well as multiple magnet‐related injuries (incidence rate ratio 7.54; 95% confidence interval 3.51–16.19) increased. Swallowed magnets accounted for 86% of the injuries. Thirteen patients had endoscopy performed for magnet removal (12%), and 4 (4%) had a surgical intervention. Magnets from toys account for the majority of the injuries.Conclusions:The number of ED visits for magnet‐related injuries in children may be rising and are underreported, with an increase in the proportion of multiple magnets involvement. In our case series, mandatory standard for toys had no mitigating effect.