bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biegezugfestigkeit von Mauerwerk aus Hochlochziegeln senkrecht zur Lagerfuge
Authors: Meyer U. , Schubert P. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractDie gute Verbundfestigkeit zwischen Hochlochziegeln HLz und Lagerfugenmörtel ist eine der bekannten positiven Eigenschaften des Ziegelmauerwerks und besonders bei horizontaler Belastung des Mauerwerks aus Wind oder Erddruck von Bedeutung. Biegezugspannungen senkrecht zur Lagerfuge dürfen bisher nach DIN 1053‐1 nicht angesetzt werden. Die vorhandenen Tragfähigkeitsreserven des Mauerwerks werden somit nicht genutzt. Im Rahmen der europäischen Normung und bei einer zukünftigen Überarbeitung der DIN 1053‐1 wird der Ansatz von Biegezugspannungen senkrecht zur Lagerfuge diskutiert. Bei der Neubearbeitung von DIN 1053‐5 ist für Dünnbettmauerwerk der Ansatz einer Biegezugspannung senkrecht zur Lagerfuge vorgesehen. Allerdings wird ‐ den Regelungen im EC 6 entsprechend ‐ das Inrechnungstellen einer Biegezugfestigkeit von Mauerwerk senkrecht zur Lagerfuge nur dann zulässig sein, wenn die betreffenden Bauteile nur durch zeitweise einwirkende Lasten (z. B.Wind) beansprucht werden und ein Versagen des Bauteils nicht zu einem größeren Einsturz oder zum Stabilitätsverlust des gesamten Tragwerks führt. Im Auftrag der Arge Mauerziegel wurden an der MPA Hannover umfangreiche Untersuchungen zur Biegezugfestigkeit von Ziegelmauerwerk senkrecht zur Lagerfuge durchgeführt, über die nachfolgend berichtet wird.
Zweischalige Außenwände ‐ Dehnungsfugen in der Außenschale (Verblendschale)
Authors: Schubert P. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractUm schädliche Risse zu vermeiden, ist bei längeren und höheren Verblendschalen die Anordnung von Dehnungsfugen erforderlich. Die wichtigsten Regeln dazu werden mit entsprechenden Erläuterungen und bildlichen Darstellungen vermittelt.
Zweischalige Außenwände ‐ Minimierung von Wärmebrückenwirkungen
Authors: Pohl W.‐H. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIm Zusammenschluß von Außenbauteilen, z.B. Außenwand/Fenster bzw. Kelleraußenwand/Kellerdecke/Außenwand im Erdgeschoß, ist der Wärmestrom gestört, es entstehen Wärmebrücken. Sie müssen, um relativ große Wärmeverluste zu vermeiden und um das Risiko einer Schimmelpilzbildung zu verringern, dem Stand der Technik entsprechend minimiert werden. Die Energieeinsparverordnung verlangt, daß der Wärmebrückeneinfluß im Nachweis des Wärmeschutzes berücksichtigt wird.Im Rahmen einer rechnerischen Abschätzung wird für einen "Ort" der Wärmebrückeneinfluß rechnerisch mit Hilfe eines PCs und eines speziellen Programms ermittelt. Hiermit soll zum einen deutlich gemacht werden, welche negativen Auswirkungen Wärmebrücken in energetischer und feuchtetechnischer Hinsicht haben, und zum anderen, wie sie durch relativ einfache Maßnahmen minimiert werden können.Weiterhin werden für den Außenwandtyp "Zweischaliges Mauerwerk" fünf Orte mitWärmebrückenwirkungen in Detailzeichnungen, zum Teil mit Varianten, vorgestellt. Dabei werden die Wärmebrückensituationen erläutert und Maßnahmen zur Minimierung der Wärmebrückenwirkungen empfohlen.
An Updated View of Cisplatin Transport
Authors: Arnesano Fabio , Losacco Maurizio , Natile Giovanni 
Published: March 2013

AbstractCisplatin, or cis‐diamminedichloridoplatinum(II) cis‐[PtCl2(NH3)2], is a platinum‐based anticancer drug largely used for the treatment of various types of cancers, including ovarian and colorectal carcinomas, sarcomas, and lymphomas. Together with other platinum‐based drugs, it triggers malignant cell death by binding to nuclear DNA, which appears to be the ultimate target. In addition to passive diffusion across the cell membrane, other transport mechanisms, including endocytosis and some active or facilitated transport, are currently proposed to play a pivotal role in the uptake of platinum‐based drugs. In this microreview, we will give an updated view of the current literature regarding cisplatin transport and processing inside the cell, with special emphasis on the membrane copper transporter Ctr1 and the soluble copper chaperone Atox1.
Dioxirane Oxidation of 2‐Aryl‐1‐vinyl‐1, 1‐diphosphane Dioxide: A Convenient Approach for the Synthesis of Novel 1,2‐Epoxy‐2‐aryl Ethylgembisphosphonates
Authors: Fotsing Marthe Carine Djuidje , Coville Neil , Mbianda Xavier Yangkou 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTThe synthesis of tetraethyl 1,2‐epoxy‐2‐aryl ethylgembisphosphonates by direct epoxidation of 2‐aryl,vinyl‐1,1‐diphosphonate derivatives with ethyl methyldioxirane generated in situ from potassium hydrogen monopersulfate (caroate) and butanone in a phase transfer system is reported. The epoxides were isolated in excellent yields and fully characterized by spectral and microanalytical data. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 24:234–241, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.21084
Different molecular weight hyaluronic acid effects on human macrophage interleukin 1β production
Authors: Baeva Larissa F. , Lyle Daniel B. , Rios Maria , Langone John J. , Lightfoote Marilyn M. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTThis study examined the effect of hyaluronan (HA) molecular weight on immune response. HA with molecular weights ranging from the unitary disaccharide unit (400 Da) up to 1.7 × 106Da and with very low endotoxin contamination level (less than 0.03 EU/mg) was used. Primary human monocyte/macrophage cultures were assayed for IL‐1β production under a variety of inflammatory conditions with or without HA. Under the highest inflammatory states, production of interleukin 1β (IL‐1β) was suppressed in the presence of high molecular weight hyaluronan (HMW‐HA) and in the presence of low molecular weight hyaluronan (LMW‐HA) at mg/mL concentrations. There was variability in the sensitivity of the response to HA fragments with MW below 5000 Da at micromolar concentrations. There was variability in IL‐1β cytokine productions from donor to donor in unstimulated human cell cultures. This study supplements our previous published study that investigated the immunogenic effect of HA molecular weights using murine cell line RAW264.6, rat splenocytes, and rat adherent differentiated primary macrophages. These data support the hypothesis that if the amount of endotoxin is reduced to an extremely low level, LMW‐HA may not directly provoke normal tissue macrophage‐mediated inflammatory reactions. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 305–314, 2014.
Tailoring properties of microsphere‐based poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) scaffolds
Authors: Clark Amanda , Milbrandt Todd A. , Hilt J. Zach , Puleo David A. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBiodegradable polymer scaffolds are being extensively investigated for uses in tissue engineering because of their versatility in fabrication methods and range of achievable chemical and mechanical properties. In this study, poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) was used to make various types of microspheres that were processed into porous scaffolds that possessed a wide range of properties. A heat sintering step was used to fuse microspheres together around porogen particles that were subsequently leached out, allowing for a 10‐fold increase in mechanical properties over other PLGA scaffolds. The sintering temperature was based on the glass transition temperature that ranged from 43 to 49°C, which was low enough to enable drug loading. Degradation times were observed to be between 30 and 120 days, with an initial compressive modulus ranging from 10 to 100 MPa, and after 5 days of degradation up to 10 MPa was retained. These scaffolds were designed to allow for cell ingrowth, enable drug loading, and have an adjustable compressive modulus to be applicable for soft or hard tissue implants. This study combined well‐established methods, such as double emulsion microspheres, polymer sintering, and salt leaching, to fabricate polymer scaffolds useful for different tissue engineering applications. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 348–357, 2014.
Immunophenotypic, immunocytochemistry, ultrastructural, and cytogenetic characterization of mesenchymal stem cells from equine bone marrow
Authors: Maia Leandro , Landim‐Alvarenga Fernanda C. , Da Mota Ligia S. L. Silveira , De Assis Golim Marjorie , Laufer‐Amorim Reneé , De Vita Bruna , Barberini Danielle Jaqueta , Listoni Amanda Jeronimo , De Moraes Carolina Nogueira , Heckler Marta Cristina Thomas , Amorim Rogério Martins 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to isolate, culture, and characterize mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from horse bone marrow (BM) using the techniques of flow cytometry, immunocytochemistry, cytogenetics, and electron microscopy. Immunophenotypic analysis revealed the presence of MSCs with high expression of the CD90 marker, lower expression of the CD44 marker, and absent expression of the CD34 marker. In assays of differentiation, the positive response to osteogenic (OST), chondrogenic (CDG), and adipogenic (ADP) differentiation signals was observed and characterized by deposition of calcium‐rich extracellular matrix (OST), proteoglycans and collagen II (CDG) and intracellular deposition of fat drops (ADP). In immunocytochemical characterization, MSCs were immunopositive for CD44, vimentin, and PCNA, and they were negative for CD13. In the ultrastructural analysis of MSCs, the most outstanding characteristic was the presence of rough endoplasmic reticulum with very dilated cisterns filled with a low electrodensity material. Additionally, MSCs had normal karyotypes (2n = 64) as evidenced by cytogenetic analysis, and aneuploidy in metaphase was not observed. The protocols for isolating, culturing, and characterizing equine MSCs used in this study were shown to be appropriate for the production of a cell population with a good potential for differentiation and without aneuploidy that can be used to study future cellular therapies. Microsc. Res. Tech. 76:618–624, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Methods of collection of plant root exudates in relation to plant metabolism and purpose: A review
Authors: Vranova Valerie , Rejsek Klement , Skene Keith R. , Janous Dalibor , Formanek Pavel 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe aim of this work is to review the current knowledge on the effects of plant metabolism (C3, C4, and CAM) on root exudation and on the methods of exudate collection as well as the use of such exudates for analyses, testing of microbial response, degradation of pollutants, enzymatic activities, and occurrence of allelochemicals. We examine the advantages and disadvantages of each method as related to the downstream use of the exudates. The use of continuous percolation of solid cultivation medium with adjustment of nutrient‐solution strength appears to be a promising methodology for the determination of root exudation rates and qualitative composition of exuded compounds. The method mimics rhizosphere conditions, minimizing the artificial accumulation of compounds, alteration of plasma‐membrane permeability, ATPase activity, and the impacts of inhibitors or stimulators of root enzymes. Of particular significance is the fact that the adjustment of strength of nutrient solution and percolation enables universal and also long‐term use of the method, allowing high exudation yield by minimizing influx and maximizing efflux rates of exuded compounds at high nutrient‐solution strength. Furthermore, it facilitates assessment of the effect on soil microbial populations and their ability to degrade pollutants. Enzymatic activities can be assessed when a low strength of nutrient solution is used, with percolation of the exudates directly into tested soils. Composition of root exudates, regulation of root enzymes, and plant response to nutrient deficiency can be assessed by measuring net efflux or influx rates. The impact of heavy metals and other type of mechanical, chemical, and biological stresses differs according to the type of plant metabolism. This has significant consequences on transformations in plant communities, both structurally and functionally, and impacts upon crop nutrition, with respect to global climate change, and the use of plants for phytoremediation purposes. Understanding the effects of different types of plant metabolism on root exudation with respect to genetic regulation of synthetic pathways through root enzymes and transport systems presents an important direction for future research.
Cumulative effects of a 17‐year chemical fertilization on the soil quality of cropping system in the Loess Hilly Region, China
Authors: Li Qiang , Xu Mingxiang , Liu Guobin , Zhao Yunge , Tuo Dengfeng 
Published: March 2013

AbstractSoil‐quality assessment provides a tool for evaluating the sustainability of alternative soil‐management practices. Understanding the effects of the long‐term use of chemical fertilizers on soil quality is essential for sustaining soil productivity. The cumulative effect of a 17‐y‐old chemical‐fertilizer application on integrated soil quality was investigated in the surface (0–15 cm) and subsurface (15–30 cm) soils of a soy–broomcorn–millet cropping system with an experiment design of two factors with three levels for each factor. The treatments were N0P0, N0P1, N0P2, N1P0, N1P1 (local farmer' fertilization strategy), N1P2, N2P0, N2P1, N2P2, and a control NF. The objectives were to describe and quantify the effect of continuous applications of chemical fertilizer through soil‐quality index (SQI) and attempt to offer an efficient and appropriate nutrient‐supply strategy for the local region. Following 17 y of chemical fertilization, the SQI increased markedly in the studied soil layers, and soil chemical indicators changed more significantly than physical properties. The soil‐quality indicators in the surface soil layer were more variable and sensitive to fertilizer application than the subsurface layer. The indicators that sensitively responded to long‐term fertilization could be classified into three types: soil‐fertility indicators (soil organic matter [SOM], total P, and available N), soil‐texture indicators (clay, silt), and soil‐structure indicators (bulk density, mean weight diameter [MWD]). The simplified indicators (SOM, sand, available N, bulk density, and total P in the surface soil and SOM, MWD, and silt content in the subsurface soil) preferably reflected the status of the integrated soil quality as influenced by continuous fertilization. Among the fertilized treatments, the combined‐fertilizer treatments maintained a higher SQI than the single‐fertilizer treatments in the surface and subsurface soils. The N1P2 treatment maintained the highest SQI in both soil layers, followed by N1P1 treatment. However, for the slope cropland, given the relative costs, soil resource, and environmental protection, the traditional treatment of N1P1 may be the optimal fertilizer treatment in the local region.
Responses of nematode‐community structure in turfgrass soil to microbial filtrates from municipal–solid waste compost
Authors: Zhao Shulan , Cheng Tian , Duo Lian 
Published: March 2013

AbstractActinomycetes,Bacillus subtilis,andBacillus thuringiensiswere isolated from municipal–solid waste (MSW) compost, and different microbial liquid filtrates (MLF) were prepared. Sterile culture media with no microbes were used as their controls. The effects of MLF on soil nematode communities were examined in pot‐grownFestuca arundinaceaSchreb. Fifteen genera of nematodes in background soil were identified, of whichHelicotylenchusandRotylenchuswere dominant. The inoculation of MLF strongly affected the abundance and community structure of soil nematodes. Compared with their controls, lower total nematode numbers following MLF incorporation were found. Actinomycetes inoculation changed community structure of soil nematodes, transforming the dominant genera fromHelicotylenchusandRotylenchusintoCephalobus, Chiloplacus, andAphelenchus.Actinomycetes incorporation resulted in a significant decrease of plant‐parasitic nematodes relative to control pots. Only plant‐parasitic and omnivorous‐predatory nematodes were found in treatments followingB. subtilisinoculation, andHelicotylenchus, Rotylenchuswere dominant genera with relative abundance of 76.2% and 14.3%, respectively. Although the dominant genera were stillHelicotylenchusandRotylenchus, B. thuringiensisinoculation led to a marked decrease in populations of plant‐parasitic nematodes and an increase in populations of fungivorous and bacterivorous nematodes relative to control. Shannon's diversity index (H′), evenness index (J′), richness index (SR), and Wasilewska index (WI) in pots treated with actinomycetes andB. thuringiensisfiltrates were significantly higher than those of their controls, whereas significant lower dominance index (λ) in actinomycetes andB. thuringiensistreatments was observed than their controls. Plant growth was improved in the treatments inoculated with three microbes. The findings highlight that actinomycetes can most effectively suppress plant‐parasitic nematodes, increase community diversity, evenness, and richness, thus improving soil environment for turf growth.
Two New Mechanism Generators of Chemical Instability in Polymerization Reactions
Authors: Katime Issa , Pérez Ortiz José A. , Mendizábal Eduardo , Guerrero‐Ramírez Luis Guillermo 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTTwo new kinetic mechanisms of polymerization are proposed (0Re–1,2 and 0Re–1) to study the instability of the steady states by the Lyapounov method. Both mechanisms take into account a reinitiation step in the polymerization process, but they are different because 0Re–1,2 considers two kinds of termination steps: a zero‐ and a second‐order terminations. However, in the second mechanism, 0Re–1, only one of those termination steps (the zero‐order one) is presented. In both proposed mechanisms, the nondiffusive and diffusive cases are studied. The results show that they are able to display arrangements in time (limit cycle oscillations) and space (order form fluctuations).
Rural Households' Demand for Frankincense Forest Conservation in Tigray, Ethiopia: A Contingent Valuation Analysis
Authors: Tilahun M. , Vranken L. , Muys B. , Deckers J. , Gebregziabher K. , Gebrehiwot K. , Bauer H. , Mathijs E. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractFrankincense from Boswellia papyrifera forest (BPF) is a traded commodity used in the pharmaceutical, food, cosmetic and chemical industries. Ethiopia is an important producer of frankincense, but the resource is under continuous degradation and requires conservation. We applied a contingent valuation to assess rural households' willingness to pay and willingness to contribute labor for BPF conservation. Next to the bid, willingness to pay is influenced most by income, education, and willingness to contribute labor by family labor and gender of the household head. A household is willing to pay at least $4·86 or contribute 7·17 labor days per year, which amounts to $6·64 at per capita daily income. This suggests that using per capita daily income rather than market wage rates could result in convergence in response asymmetry of labor and cash payment vehicles. The potential local demand for conservation of BPF could be mobilized effectively with complementary policy interventions aimed at sustainable use and poverty reduction. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Plasma urate in REM sleep behavior disorder
Authors: Martín Reinaldo Uribe‐San , Francke Pablo Venegas , Illanes Felipe López , Gazmuri Alex Jones , Rivera Julio Salazar , Ferńndez Jaime Godoy , Martínez Julia Santín , Juri Carlos 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTBackgroundRapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is associated with a high risk of developing Parkinson's disease (PD). Higher urate levels are associated with a lower risk of PD. We conducted a study to evaluate plasma urate levels in patients with RBD and their role in the development of PD.MethodsWe evaluated plasma urate levels in a cohort of 24 patients with idiopathic RBD. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to the presence or absence of PD. Other known markers of the risk of developing PD, such as olfaction testing, and substantia nigra (SN) hyperechogenicity, were evaluated in the 2 groups.ResultsNo differences were observed regarding age, years of evolution of the RBD, SN hyperechogenicity, or plasma urate levels between the 2 groups. In patients without PD, there was a positive correlation between years of evolution of RBD and the levels of uric acid (R2 = 0.88). Patients without PD and those who had more than 5 years of RBD exhibited higher levels of uric acid than patients with PD (P = 0.02).ConclusionsHigher levels of plasma urate were associated with a longer duration of RBD without converting to PD. Future prospective studies would be needed to confirm this finding. Disorder Society.© 2013 Movement Disorder Society
A novel compact multi‐band microstrip antenna with multiple narrow slits
Authors: Verma Sapna , Ansari Jamshed A. , Verma M. K. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIn this article, a novel multi‐band microstrip antenna is designed and fabricated. The design antenna can excite four operating bands by the multiple slits embedded on a rectangular patch having dimensions 26×37.5 mm2. The operating bands centered at 5.875, 6.19, 6.96, and 7.87 GHz, which meets the design specification of covering the WLAN/WiMAX and C‐bands. The radiation pattern and gain of the proposed antenna are presented at various frequencies. A good agreement between simulated and measured results is obtained. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:1196–1198, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27537
Application of the protruded strip structures to design an ultra‐wideband slot antenna with variable frequency band‐stop function
Authors: Ojaroudi Nasser , Ojaroudi Mohammad 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA novel method for designing a new slot antenna with band‐notched characteristic for ultra wide‐band (UWB) applications has been presented in this article. The proposed antenna consists of slotted ground plane with an extra rectangular slot with a pair of L‐shaped strips protruded inside the slot, and a square ring radiating stub with a pair of T‐shaped protruded strips inside the square ring. By cutting an extra rectangular slot with a pair of L‐shaped protruded strips in the ground plane, additional resonance is excited and hence much wider impedance bandwidth can be produced, especially at the higher band that the antenna provides a wide usable fractional bandwidth of more than 125% (3.08–14.13 GHz). In order to generate a band‐notched characteristic, we use the square ring stub with a pair of T‐shaped strips protruded inside the square ring. The measured results reveal that the presented slot antenna offers a very wide bandwidth with band‐notched operation, covering the WLAN band (5.12–6.05 GHz). The designed antenna has a small size of 20 × 20 mm2. Good return loss and radiation pattern characteristics are obtained in the frequency band of interest. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:1312–1316, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27540