bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Sport Specialization on Injury Risk in NCAA Athletes: Results From the SAFE Consortium
Authors: Lutsic Jared J. , Lutsic Seth E. , Ibrahim David S. , Augusta Matthew C. , Robinson Jason D. , Tong Kevin M. , Saffarian Mathew R. , Nogel Sally E. , Fitton Nathan J. 
Published: August 2024

Objective:
Youth athletes are beginning to specialize in a single sport more often. Previous studies in sports medicine and orthopedics have shown an association between intensity of sport specialization and incidence of injuries. This study is the first of its kind to explore the effects of early sport specialization on injury risk through a multicenter framework with a concentration on NCAA athletics.

Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting:
SAFE Consortium.

Participants:
A total of 211 collegiate athletes from the NCAA's 3 levels of competition: Division I, II, and III. Data were collected by the SAFE investigators.

Intervention:
N/A.

Main Outcome Measures:
Participants completed a questionnaire about their demographics, sport participation, specialization status, physical injuries, recovery period, and treatment method. Specialization status was calculated with a previously published 3-point scale: low, moderate, and high. Injuries were categorized as upper extremity injuries (UEIs) and lower extremity injuries (LEIs).

Results:
Highly specialized athletes were more likely to report UEIs and LEIs than low specialized athletes (P < 0.0001). Moderate specialization, in contrast to low specialization, was associated with a higher likelihood of LEIs (P = 0.03) but not UEIs (P = 0.052). Highly specialized athletes were more likely to report an injury of any kind.

Conclusions:
The SAFE investigators found high specialization was associated with a history of UEIs and LEIs. Return to play was longer for highly specialized athletes versus low specialized athletes (112 days and 85 days, respectively). Highly specialized athletes were more likely to be from Division I and to require surgery.
Ticagrelor monotherapy after short duration of dual antiplatelet therapy compared to continued dual antiplatelet therapy in patients with acute coronary syndromes undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions: an updated meta-analysis
Authors: Mansuri Zeeshan , Ashraf Hadiah , Taikadan Thahsin , Rajith Gokul , Ayesha Ayesha , Fatima Urooj , Erzinger Gabriel 
Published: August 2024

Background
The optimum duration of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) remains controversial. Ticagrelor monotherapy after short duration of DAPT (1–3 months) is a subject of research. We conducted an updated systematic review and meta-analysis comparing the ticagrelor monotherapy with continued DAPT after short duration of DAPT in patients with ACS undergoing PCI.

Methods
PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched for studies comparing ticagrelor monotherapy to DAPT after PCI and reported the outcomes of major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE); net adverse clinical events (NACE); myocardial infarction (MI); major bleeding; death from any cause; definite or probable stent thrombosis; and target vessel revascularization (TVR). Data were extracted from published reports and quality assessment was performed per Cochrane recommendations. Statistical analysis was performed using Review Manager (Cochrane collaboration). Heterogeneity was examined with I
2 test.

Results
Of 3,208 results, five studies with 21,407 patients were included of which 50% received ticagrelor monotherapy. Studies had reported follow up of 12 months. Major bleeding [hazard ratio 0.47; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.37–0.61; P < 0.001], NACE (hazard ratio 0.71; 95% CI, 0.56–0.90; P = 0.005), and all-cause death (hazard ratio 0.76; 95% CI, 0.59–0.98; P = 0.04) were significantly less with ticagrelor monotherapy. Other outcomes were comparable in both groups.

Conclusion
In patients with ACS undergoing PCI, ticagrelor monotherapy reduces major bleeding, NACE and all-cause death as compared to continued DAPT for 12 months. Major ischemic outcomes were similar. Ticagrelor monotherapy is the way forward after short duration of DAPT after PCI in ACS.
Life and Death 2
Authors: Bhatia Ishan , Brandmeir Nicholas 
Published: August 2024

Summary Statement
Life and Death 2: The Brain was the first computerized neurosurgical simulator. It was developed as a commercial video game for a general audience. Despite this, it contains many valuable lessons for the simulation and education of nontechnical skills as well as being a historical landmark in the field of neurosurgery and medical simulation.
Outcomes of Liver Transplantation From Hepatitis C Virus–positive DCD Donors and Its Utilization Among Centers in the United States
Authors: Punjala Sai Rithin , Logan April J. , Subramanian Jayanthan , Von Stein Lauren , Limkemann Ashley , Al-Ebrahim Musab , Black Sylvester , Schenk Austin D. , Washburn William K. , Singh Navdeep 
Published: August 2024

Background.
Donation after circulatory death (DCD) or hepatitis C virus (HCV+) liver grafts are underused among transplant centers in the United States. The study aimed to evaluate organ utilization and outcomes of liver grafts from DCD donors with HCV infection.

Methods.
National registry and local center data of all deceased donor liver transplants performed between November 2016 and December 2021 were analyzed. All transplants were divided into 4 groups: HCV– DCD, HCV– donation after brain death [DBD], HCV+ DCD, and HCV+ DBD. The outcome of interest was 1-y graft survival.

Results.
Out of 146 liver transplant centers in the United States, liver transplants were not performed from DCD donors, HCV+ donors, and a combination of DCD and HCV+ donors by 28.7%, 27%, and 70%–72% of centers, respectively. In multivariate analysis, increasing center acceptance ratio was associated with increased utilization of liver grafts from DCD HCV– and DCD HCV antibody-positive nucleic acid test negative donors. Nationally, 1-y graft survival of HCV– DCD liver grafts was lower compared with other groups (89% versus 92% HCV+ DCD versus 93% HCV+ DBD versus 92% HCV– DBD, log rank P < 0.0001). There was no difference in 1-y graft survival among groups locally.

Conclusions.
Liver grafts from HCV+ DCD donors have 1-y patient and graft survival comparable with DBD liver grafts from donors with or without HCV infection. These results encourage the widespread use of liver grafts from DCD and HCV+ donors and standardization of practice in DCD donation to expand the donor pool without compromising short-term outcomes.
Asian Cohort for Alzheimer Disease (ACAD) Pilot Study
Authors: Peavy Guerry M. , Võ Namkhuê , Revta Carolyn , Lu Anna T. , Lupo Jody-Lynn , Nam Percival , Nguyễn Khải H. , Wang Li-San , Feldman Howard H. 
Published: August 2024

Introduction:
The objective of this pilot study was to establish the feasibility of recruiting older Vietnamese Americans for research addressing genetic and nongenetic risk factors for Alzheimer disease (AD).

Methods:
Twenty-six Vietnamese Americans were recruited from communities in San Diego. A Community Advisory Board provided cultural and linguistic advice. Bilingual/bicultural staff measured neuropsychological, neuropsychiatric, lifestyle, and medical/neurological functioning remotely. Saliva samples allowed DNA extraction. A consensus team reviewed clinical data to determine a diagnosis of normal control (NC), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), or dementia. Exploratory analyses addressed AD risk by measuring subjective cognitive complaints (SCC), depression, and vascular risk factors (VRFs).

Results:
Twenty-five participants completed the study (mean age=73.8 y). Eighty percent chose to communicate in Vietnamese. Referrals came primarily from word of mouth within Vietnamese communities. Diagnoses included 18 NC, 3 MCI, and 4 dementia. Participants reporting SCC acknowledged more depressive symptoms and had greater objective cognitive difficulty than those without SCC. Eighty-eight percent of participants reported at least 1 VRF.

Discussion:
This pilot study supports the feasibility of conducting community-based research in older Vietnamese Americans. Challenges included developing linguistically and culturally appropriate cognitive and neuropsychiatric assessment tools. Exploratory analyses addressing nongenetic AD risk factors suggest topics for future study.
Does Mild Functional Impairment Predict Dementia in Older Adults With Normal Cognition?
Authors: Zhang Lei Lei , Numbers Katya , Brodaty Henry , Lam Ben C.P. , Mahalingam Gowsaly , Reppermund Simone 
Published: August 2024

Objectives:
Functional impairment can be an early indicator of cognitive decline. However, its predictive utility in cognitively normal (CN) older adults remains unclear. This study aimed to determine whether mild functional impairment (MFI) in CN older adults could predict incident dementia over 6 years, in addition to assessing its association with cognitive performance.

Design:
A longitudinal study with a 6-year follow-up.

Participants:
A cohort of 296 community-dwelling CN older adults.

Measurements:
MFI was defined by cutoffs for impairment on an objective performance-based and/or subjective questionnaire-based functional assessment. Cox regression analysis was conducted to assess the relationship between MFI and risk of incident dementia and cognitive performances over 6 years. Linear regression analysis examined the association between MFI and baseline cognitive performance.

Results:
There were no significant longitudinal associations between MFI and incident dementia or changes in cognitive performance over 6 years. Defining MFI using both performance-based and informant-reported assessments was predictive of dementia. Cross-sectional analyses demonstrated significant associations between MFI and poorer baseline global cognition and performance in attention, visuospatial ability, and executive functioning.

Conclusions:
CN older adults with MFI were not at an increased risk of developing dementia over 6 years. A definition of functional impairment requiring both performance-based and informant-based assessments may be useful in predicting dementia.
Examining the complex dynamics influencing acute malnutrition in Turkana and Samburu counties: study protocol
Authors: Wilunda Calistus , Sidze Estelle , Thuita Faith , Amugsi Dickson , Abajobir Amanuel , Mutua Martin , Mwangi Bonventure , Iddi Samuel , Lutter Chessa , Flax Valerie , Webale Albert , Anono Esther , Odhiambo Hazel , Wainaina Caroline Wangui , Kimani-Murage Elizabeth , Ekiru Stephen , Chepkwony Gillian , Ebei John , Lesiamito Duncan , Sagara Brad 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAcute malnutrition in children under 5 years is persistent in Eastern Africa’s arid and semi-arid lands. This study aimed to identify the drivers of acute malnutrition in Turkana and Samburu counties, Kenya. This was a population-based longitudinal mixed-methods observational study. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected at Wave 1 but only quantitative data were collected during follow-up. Participants were a representative sample of children and their primary caregivers from households with children under 3 years at Wave 1. Anthropometric measurements of all children under 5 years in the sampled households were taken at Wave 1 (May to July 2021), and one child under 3 years was randomly selected for follow-up about every 4 months over 2 years for six data collection waves. The study also collected data on socio-demographics; child feeding practices and morbidity, household water and food insecurity; shocks; coping strategies, social safety nets and economic safeguards; water, sanitation, and hygiene; women’s decision making; and food consumption. Qualitative data were collected through community dialogues, focus group discussions, in-depth interviews, photovoice and key informant interviews with mothers and fathers with children under 5 years, community leaders, county officials and staff of nongovernmental organizations. The data were coded and analyzed thematically. Data collection is complete, and analysis is ongoing. The analysis includes thematic analysis of qualitative data and descriptive and multivariable regression analysis of quantitative data.
Respiratory virus detection and sequencing from negative SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen tests
Authors: Jules Emmanuela , Decker Charlie , Bixler Brianna Jeanne , Ahmed Alaa , Zhou Zijing (Carol) , Arora Itika , Tafesse Henok , Dakanay Hannah , Bombin Andrei , Wang Ethan , Ingersoll Jessica , Bifulco Kathy , Frediani Jennifer K. , Parsons Richard , Sullivan Julie , Greenleaf Morgan , Waggoner Jesse J. , Martin Greg S. , Lam Wilbur A. , Piantadosi Anne 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGenomic epidemiology offers important insight into the transmission and evolution of respiratory viruses. We used metagenomic sequencing from negative SARS-CoV-2 antigen tests to identify a wide range of respiratory viruses and generate full genome sequences, offering a streamlined mechanism for broad respiratory virus genomic surveillance.
Gluteus Medius Muscle Activation Patterns during Gait with Cerebral Palsy (CP): A hierarchical clustering analysis
Authors: Davoudi Mehrdad , Salami Firooz , Reisig Robert , Gather Katharina Susanne , Wolf Sebastian I. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDuchenne gait, characterized by an ipsilateral trunk lean towards the affected stance limb, compensates for weak hip abductor muscles, notably the gluteus medius (GM). This study aims to investigate how electromyographic (EMG) cluster analysis of GM contributes to a better understanding of Duchenne gait in patients with cerebral palsy (CP). We analyzed retrospective gait data from 845 patients with CP and 65 typically developed individuals. EMG activity of GM in envelope format were collected and examined with gait kinematics and kinetics parameters in frontal plane and hip abductor strength, and hip abduction passive range of motion.Six key EMG envelope features during ten gait phases were extracted and normalized. A hybrid K-means-PSO clustering algorithm was employed, followed by hierarchical clustering. The identified clusters were characterized by having a low (cluster_1), medium (cluster_2), and high (cluster_3) activity of GM during loading response. The patients in cluster_1 also exhibited pathological gait characteristics, including increased trunk lateral lean and weak hip abductor, which are associated with Duchenne gait. The patients in this cluster were subclustered according to their response to the intervention: SUB_1 with a significant improvement in trunk obliquity, pelvic obliquity, and hip abduction after intervention, and SUB_2 without such improvement. Comparing pre-treatment EMG and clinical exam of the sub_clusters, SUB_1 had significantly higher activity of GM during 50-87% of the gait cycle with a greater passive range of hip abduction compared to SUB_2. This study established a relationship between EMG of GM and frontal plane gait abnormalities in patients with CP, highlighting potential improvement in Duchenne gait with prolonged GM activity during swing after the intervention.
NMR structures and magnetic force spectroscopy studies of small molecules binding to models of an RNA CAG repeat expansion
Authors: Taghavi Amirhossein , Chen Jonathan L. , Wang Zhen , Sinnadurai Krishshanthi , Salthouse David , Ozon Matthew , Feri Adeline , Fountain Matthew A. , Choudhary Shruti , Childs-Disney Jessica L. , Disney Matthew D. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTRNA repeat expansions fold into stable structures and cause microsatellite diseases such as Huntington’s disease (HD), myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1), and spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs). The trinucleotide expansion of r(CAG), or r(CAG)exp, causes both HD and SCA3, and the RNA’s toxicity has been traced to its translation into polyglutamine (polyQ; HD) as well as aberrant pre-mRNA alternative splicing (SCA3 and HD). Previously, a small molecule,1, was discovered that binds to r(CAG)expand rescues aberrant pre-mRNA splicing in patient-derived fibroblasts by freeing proteins bound to the repeats. Here, we report the structures of single r(CAG) repeat motif (5’CAG/3’GAC where the underlined adenosines form a 1×1 nucleotide internal loop) in complex with1and two other small molecules via nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy combined with simulated annealing. Compound2was designed based on the structure of1bound to the RNA while3was selected as a diverse chemical scaffold. The three complexes, although adopting different 3D binding pockets upon ligand binding, are stabilized by a combination of stacking interactions with the internal loop’s closing GC base pairs, hydrogen bonds, and van der Waals interactions. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations performed with NMR-derived restraints show that the RNA is stretched and bent upon ligand binding with significant changes in propeller-twist and opening. Compound3has a distinct mode of binding by insertion into the helix, displacing one of the loop nucleotides into the major groove and affording a rod-like shape binding pocket. In contrast,1and2are groove binders. A series of single molecule magnetic force spectroscopy studies provide a mechanistic explanation for how bioactive compounds might rescue disease-associated cellular phenotypes.Graphical Abstract
Transcriptomic profiling of gill biopsies to define predictive markers for seawater survival in farmed Atlantic salmon
Authors: Grønvold Lars , van Dalum Mattis J. , Striberny Anja , Manousi Domniki , Ytrestøyl Trine , Mørkøre Turid , Boison Solomon , Gjerde Bjarne , Jørgensen Even , Sandve Simen R. , Hazlerigg David G. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWild Atlantic salmon migrate to sea following completion of a developmental process known as parr - smolt transformation (PST), which establishes a seawater (SW) tolerant phenotype. Effective imitation of this aspect of anadromous life-history is a crucial aspect of commercial salmon production, with current industry practice being marred by significant losses during transition from the freshwater (FW) to SW phase of production. The natural photoperiodic control of PST can be mimicked by exposing farmed juvenile fish to a reduced duration photoperiod for at least 6 weeks before increasing the photoperiod in the last 1 - 2 months before SW transfer. While it is known that variations in this general protocol affect subsequent SW performance, there is no uniformly accepted industry standard; moreover, reliable prediction of SW performance from fish attributes in the FW phase remains a major challenge. Here we describe an experiment in which we took gill biopsies 1 week prior to SW transfer from 3000 individually tagged fish raised on 3 different photoperiod regimes during the FW phase. Biopsies were subjected to RNA profiling by Illumina sequencing, while individual fish growth and survival was monitored over 300 days in a SW cage environment, run as a common garden experiment. Using a random forest machine learning algorithm, we developed gene expression-based predictive models for initial survival and stunted growth in SW. Stunted growth phenotypes could not be predicted based on gill transcriptomes, but survival the first 40 days in SW could be predicted with moderate accuracy. While several previously identified marker genes contribute to this model, a surprisingly low weighting is ascribed to sodium potassium ATPase subunit genes, contradicting advocacy for their use as SW readiness markers. However, genes with photoperiod-history sensitive regulation were highly enriched among the genes with highest importance in the prediction model. This work opens new avenues for understanding and exploiting developmental changes in gill physiology during smolt development.
Anti-NMDAR encephalitis alters intrinsic spatiotemporal coding by enhancing neuronal coupling and clustering
Authors: Rahmati Vahid , Graf Jürgen , Ceanga Mihai , Rivera Dario Cuevas , Haselmann Holger , Liebscher Sabine , Prüss Harald , Holthoff Knut , Kirmse Knut , Geis Christian 
Published: August 2024

SummaryAutoimmune anti-NMDA-receptor encephalitis is characterized by severe neuropsychiatric symptoms including memory dysfunction and seizures. However, it remains enigmatic what functional changes at the multi-neuronal level mediate network dysfunction. We used two-photonin vivorecording in a passive-transfer mouse model with patient’s monoclonal anti-GluN1-autoantibodies during slow-wave sleep-like conditions, a critical phase for memory processing. We find enhanced functional coupling and clustering between hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons (PNs), which intrinsically expose the network to hypersynchrony. These connectivity changes are associated with a selective preservation of strong excitatory synapses despite overall reduced excitation, thus enhancing hub-like properties of functionally connected PNs. Furthermore, we find abnormal PN firing characteristics, decreased transmission failure, and increased similarity of spontaneous spatiotemporal activity patterns, all affecting CA1 intrinsic neuronal coding. Collectively, the functional rewiring of hippocampal networks and altered intrinsic information processing provide new mechanistic insights into the NMDAR-hypofunction consequences and pathomechanisms of anti-NMDAR encephalitis symptomatology.
Distinct roles of prefrontal cortex neurons in set shifting
Authors: Nigro Marco , Tortorelli Lucas Silva , Yang Hongdian 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCognitive flexibility, the ability to adjust behavioral strategies in response to changing environmental contingencies, requires adaptive processing of internal states and contextual cues to guide goal-oriented behavior, and is dependent on prefrontal cortex (PFC) functions. However, the neurophysiological underpinning of how the PFC supports cognitive flexibility is not well understood and has been under active investigation. We recorded spiking activity from single PFC neurons in mice performing the attentional set-shifting task, where mice learned to associate different contextually relevant sensory stimuli to reward. We identified subgroups of PFC neurons encoding task context, choice and trial outcome. Putative fast-spiking neurons were more involved in representing outcome and choice than putative regular-spiking neurons. Regression model further revealed that task context and trial outcome modulated the activity of choice-encoding neurons in rule-dependent and cell type-dependent manners. Together, our data provide new evidence to elucidate PFC’s role in cognitive flexibility, suggesting differential cell type-specific engagement during set shifting, and that both contextual rule representation and trial outcome monitoring underlie PFC’s unique capacity to support flexible behavioral switching.