bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of H2 distribution in (Pb,La)(Zr,Ti)O3 capacitors with conductive oxide electrodes on the degradation of ferroelectric properties
Authors: Takada Yoko , Okamoto Naoki , Saito Takeyasu , Kondo Kazuo , Yoshimura Takeshi , Fujimura Norifumi , Higuchi Koji , Kitajima Akira , Iwai Hideo 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTWe fabricated ferroelectric (Pb,La)(Zr,Ti)O3 (PLZT) capacitors with Sn:In2O3 (ITO) top electrodes using chemical solution deposition. Then, the effects of a thin conductive ITO buffer layer between the Pt bottom electrode and PLZT thin film were investigated in combination with top electrode (ITO/PLZT/ITO/Pt). The H2 degradation resistance of ITO/PLZT/ITO/Pt capacitors with a 3- and 28-nm-thick buffer layer was improved to 78 and 85%, respectively, from 60% without a buffer layer. The time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry profiles indicated the intensity of H ion increased after 45 min forming gas (3% H2/balance N2) annealing.
Electrical and Photo-Induced Effects in Graphene Channels When Interfaced with Quantum Dots
Authors: Miao Xin , Trivedi Samarth , Grebel Haim 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTField effect transistors with graphene channels were interfaced with arrays of semiconductor quantum dots (QD). The electrical characteristics of the elements were assessed. The channel response to white light illumination was also assessed as a function of drain-source and gate-source biases.
The void fraction of melter feed during nuclear waste glass vitrification
Authors: Hilliard Zachary J. , Hrma Pavel R. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTTo efficiently vitrify Hanford waste, the melting process (i.e., melter feed turning into waste glass) must be modeled and optimized. The rate of heat transfer to the melter feed in a waste glass melter, and thus the rate of melting, is strongly affected by the melter feed porosity, especially in the final stages where the glass-forming melt produces foam that insulates the feed from the molten glass. The volume expansion test allows the determination of the melter feed porosity as a function of temperature. This test measures the profile area of the feed pellet as it turns into glass. This contribution presents the calculation of the void fraction (porosity) of the melter feed as a function of temperature, heating rate, and material parameters. The process of finding the void fraction is described as well as results from the application of this process.
Women and Ecology Wholeness Farm
Authors: College St Scholastica's 
Published: March 2015

Six years ago the Institute of Women’s Studies decided to buy a farm to use as an extension seminar house. The objectives of this project were:
1. To develop a bio-diverse sustainable farm that will illustrate ecology friendly farming.
2. To offer courses about women and ecology so as to instil the importance of the care and preservation of the environment and to impart strategies of doing so.
This was originally planned in partnership with Amihan, a national women’s peasant organization, that was supposed to use the farm for its income-generating activity of diverse farming. This organization assigned a farmer family to live on the farm. After a year of partnership, Amihan felt it had other priorities and it allowed the farmer family to stay on at the farm as the employee of the Institute of Women’s Studies.
Production and Distribution of Geometrical-Painted (HMGP) and Plain Hand-Made Wares of the Mamluk Period
Authors: Gabrieli R. Smadar , Ben-Shlomo David , Walker Bethany J. 
Published: March 2015

A program of petrographic analysis of Mamluk-period Hand-Made Geometrically Painted Ware (HMGP), supplemented by hand-made plain vessels and cooking pots, was undertaken as an offshoot of a wider study of the hand-made pottery industries of the 12th–16th centuries in Bil?d al-Sh?m. The aims of the wider project were to establish a chronological framework for the development of HMGP, and to examine issues of production and distribution and their socio-economic implications. Methodological and practical considerations restricted the research area to northern Israel, with control groups from Jerusalem and Hisban. The petrographic analysis of 152 vessels identified three major petrographic groups, and eight minor ones. The results suggest that hand-made plain wares and HMGP were manufactured by multiple industries; that HMGP itself cannot be viewed as a single industry, or even as having a uniform production mode; and that both plain and decorated hand-made pottery are often products of a specialized craft, with regional and likely intra-regional distribution.
Appendix 1 (Separate PDF):
List of samples and their archaeological details, with petrographic attribution
Two Reviews of Magic, Witchcraft and the Otherworld by Susan Greenwood
Authors: Cohen Daniel , Ezzy Douglas 
Published: March 2015

M a g i c , W i t c h c r a f t a n d t h e O t h e r w o r l d .
By Susan Greenwood. Berg: Oxford University Press, 2000.
ISBN 1 85973 450 2, Pbk.
The Old Religion
Authors: Smoley Richard 
Published: March 2015

The theme of this article is a movement that has been called the fastestgrowing religion in the US. Nobody knows exactly how many Americans identify themselves as Witches, Wiccans, and Neopagans. The number has been estimated as anywhere from 200,000 to 500,000, but there are no hard statistics and few formal organizations. Besides, religious prejudice still makes it
expedient for may of today’s Pagans to keep quiet about their preferences.
Notes from the Underground
Authors: Editors The 
Published: March 2015

It may be true, as one of our New Age acquaintances recently
advised us, that 1999 is the first year of the rest of the Millennium, but it is certainly the last year we’ll ever see with quite so many 9s in it. In any case, we minions of Persephone have chosen to celebrate this event by gracing The Pomegranate with a new format. By using a more delicate typeface we’ve been
able to increase our content by 15% without adding extra pages. We all hope that our readers will find this new look easier to read and more esthetically pleasing.
Notes from the Underground
Authors: Editors The 
Published: March 2015

It is with great pleasure that we welcome back Jenny Blain and Robert Wallis, whose work first appeared in our Fall 98 issue. In this instance, they are the co-authors of an article on the fascinating subject of seidhrwork and gender. Those
of us who are (still!) running into people who believe that only women can be Witches will be interested in the parallels between this all-too-common misunderstanding and the challenges faced by Heathen men who engaged in the oracular practice of seidhr.
The Transformation of Blame: “Religious Thought” and the Genealogy of Scientific Explanation
Authors: Thomson Cameron M. 
Published: March 2015

This essay discusses Donald Wiebe’s account of the relationship between “religious thought” and the mode of thought that he thinks typical of objective science and rational theology.
First I present what I take to be Wiebe’s position. Then, drawing on René Girard’s fundamental anthropology and Michael Tomasello’s cultural-psychological work on joint attention, I offer a critique and articulate an alternative approach. I argue that the dichotomy between ostensibly objective modern scientific thought, on the one hand, and religious thought, on the other, is not an internal structural one, but concerns the radically differing value for social order accruing to otherwise commensurate modes of intersubjective
attention to objects in a shared environment. I argue that the class of procedures aiming at relatively disinterested, nonagentic explanation is genetically related to the class of relatively parochial, affect-laden acts of blaming, a class that includes ex post facto (mythological) rationalizations of those proto-human reactions that engendered archaic ritual practices and systems of interdiction in the first place. The transition from religious thought to science, I conclude, is not a dichotomy in “kinds” of thought, as Wiebe argues, but arises with the historical emergence of a novel human potential for empathy and the concomitant erosion of the individual’s susceptibility, in the context of collective crises, to persuasion framed in terms of blame.
Considering Whether Medicaid Is Worth the Cost: Revisiting the Oregon Health Study
Authors: Muennig Peter A. , Quan Ryan , Chiuzan Codruta , Glied Sherry 
Published: March 2015

The Oregon Health Study was a groundbreaking experiment in which uninsured participants were randomized to either apply for Medicaid or stay with their current care. The study showed that Medicaid produced numerous important socioeconomic and health benefits but had no statistically significant impact on hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, or diabetes. Medicaid opponents interpreted the findings to mean that Medicaid is not a worthwhile investment. Medicaid proponents viewed the experiment as statistically underpowered and, irrespective of the laboratory values, suggestive that Medicaid is a good investment. We tested these competing claims and, using a sensitive joint test and statistical power analysis, confirmed that the Oregon Health Study did not improve laboratory values. However, we also found that Medicaid is a good value, with a cost of just $62 000 per quality-adjusted life-years gained.
The Impact of Reproductive Health Legislation on Family Planning Clinic Services in Texas
Authors: White Kari , Hopkins Kristine , Aiken Abigail R. A. , Stevenson Amanda , Hubert Celia , Grossman Daniel , Potter Joseph E. 
Published: March 2015

We examined the impact of legislation in Texas that dramatically cut and restricted participation in the state’s family planning program in 2011 using surveys and interviews with leaders at organizations that received family planning funding. Overall, 25% of family planning clinics in Texas closed. In 2011, 71% of organizations widely offered long-acting reversible contraception; in 2012–2013, only 46% did so. Organizations served 54% fewer clients than they had in the previous period. Specialized family planning providers, which were the targets of the legislation, experienced the largest reductions in services, but other agencies were also adversely affected. The Texas experience provides valuable insight into the potential effects that legislation proposed in other states may have on low-income women’s access to family planning services.
First Polymer Injection in Deep Offshore Field Angola: Recent Advances in the Dalia/Camelia Field Case
Authors: Morel Danielle C. , Vert Michel , Jouenne Stéphane , Gauchet Renaud , Bouger Yann 
Published: March 2015

Summary
The polymer injection project on the Dalia field, one of the main fields of Block 17 in deep offshore Angola, is a world first in both surface and subsurface aspects. An in-depth integrated geosciences and architecture study culminated, in January 2009, in the start of polymer injection in one of the Dalia water-injection wells. The Dalia field is a high-permeability sandstone reservoir (&gt; 1 D on average) and contains a medium-viscosity oil (1 to 11 cp under reservoir conditions).
The key challenges of the project were to start polymer injection
Very early in the field development (first oil was in December 2006)
With much wider well spacing than in any other project
Under high-salinity conditions (&gt;25 g/L)
With the specific logistics of a remote deep offshore area
A phased approach has been retained in order to progressively derisk the project, starting from a single-well, short-duration injectivity test, followed by a full line injection in the three injectors of one of the reservoirs, and hopefully concluding with an injection extension.
A single-well, short-duration injectivity test was successfully implemented in the first quarter of 2009. The Phase 1 project started on 8 February 2010 in the Camelia reservoir. Viscosified water was injected into one of the four injection lines of the Dalia field (average BSW) of 20% on the associated producers at beginning of Phase 1 polymer injection]. By December 2011, more than 5 million bbl of cumulative of polymer solution has been injected in the Camelia reservoir.
The specificities of the Dalia field (large well spacing and low BSW at polymer-injection startup) mean a late response if the usual EOR monitoring techniques are applied. Various monitoring options were considered to verify the injected-polymer-solution properties in situ, and to accelerate the sanction for a full-field development. The studies concluded with a recommendation to drill a well to sample in situ the injected viscosified water. Location of the sampler well at a distance of 100 m from an injector, and the best timing to drill the well, were based on a 4D-seismic-data history match and waterflood-performance forecast.
Design and Implementation of Comprehensive Tank Overfill Protection Program
Authors: Erickson Michael E. 
Published: March 2015

Summary
Protecting human health and protecting the environment are essential requirements in today's exploration and production (E&P), refining, and petroleum marketing workplaces (pipelines and terminal facilities). Preventing tank overfills at above-ground, atmospheric storage tanks is essential, for "overfills" and the attendant consequences (e.g., potential volitization and groundwater/soil contamination) pose significant risk to the safety of workers, surrounding communities, and the environment itself. Overfill incidents demonstrate the need, and urgency, for tank-overfill-protection (TOP) measures to be evaluated and, as determined, undertaken.
The design and implementation of a TOP program offers potential benefits for E&P in the environmental, human-health, community-welfare, and safety performance areas. E&P operations do not necessarily involve the numbers of atmospheric tanks that are involved in, say for example, midstream (pipeline) operations; nonetheless, safety and environmental contamination are issues of concern. There are common attributes of a comprehensive overfill protection that can be applied to E&P settings.
A TOP program for a large pipeline organization--consisting of more than 800 above-ground, atmospheric storage tanks (Class 1 through 3 liquids), at more than 90 facilities--was recently developed and implemented, and is currently undergoing its first year of compliance and assurance (C&A) evaluation. This program was comprehensive in nature, containing its own unique objectives and distinctives.
The comprehensive approach and method undertaken provided major benefits to the organization and successful and long-term implementation. Such benefits apply to large-scale programs and projects alike and include the following:
Defined management philosophy/vision
Organizational commitment
Strengthened accountability
Identification of systemic gaps
Consistency in policies, standards, and operations
Long-term C&A
The results yield enhanced operations, risk reduction, and improved safety, all of which were evidenced in the TOP program.
There are two aspects to an overfill-protection program. The first is the "programmatic" aspect, which addresses the various program features [i.e., policy development, standards and procedures, roles and responsibilities, program management (PM) functions] and various content features of the overfill policy to be implemented. The second aspect deals specifically with overfill equipment, to include equipment identification and related engineering, procurement, and construction (installation) activities, as well as any necessary electrical and instrumentation upgrades at a facility. The programmatic aspect, in a proactive and preventive sense, is deemed the most protective regarding tank-overfill events.
This paper addresses a "conceptual model" for an overfill-protection program, based on this recent industry example. Key portions of the programmatic and overfill-equipment aspects will be addressed.
Twelve Steps to Engineering Safe Onshore Oil and Gas Facilities
Authors: Johnstone James , Curfew James 
Published: March 2015

Summary
Late in the evening of a wintery night, a worker is hurrying to respond to an alarm that has gone off. Suddenly, the unexpected happens. The worker is severely injured. The ensuing investigation finds that the incident could have been prevented if the equipment had been engineered properly.
How many times have you heard of incidents that have severely injured a person and you thought, "That incident could have been prevented if only the equipment had been engineered properly?" One of the first lines of defense in preventing incidents is to "engineer out the hazards." However, equipment is often installed without taking into consideration how it can be engineered properly to minimize or eliminate operating risks.
The safety of an onshore facility is a function of how safely the facility is designed. People are hurt and sometimes killed when explosions, fires, and toxic-gas releases occur at oil- and gas-producing facilities that were designed without regard to measures that could have prevented such incidents. The safety of people and equipment needs to be considered and included along every step in the engineering of oil and gas facilities. Properly designed oil and gas facilities can eliminate injuries and deaths.
Many wellsites, tank batteries, and production facilities are at risk because of design or installation errors. These errors may have occurred when the facility was built or occurred over time because the facility had been continually "added on to" through the years. Lack of proper engineering design can lead to equipment failure, lost production, human injury, or harm to the environment.
This paper reviews the key areas for facility designers and engineers to include when designing facilities to ensure safe facilities. Use and incorporation of all safety engineering principles outlined in this paper should enable facility engineers and designers to build safe facilities that reduce the risk of major incidents.
Prediction and Experimental Measurements of Water-in-Oil Emulsion Viscosities During Alkaline/Surfactant Injections
Authors: Kalra Amrit , Venkatraman Ashwin , Raney Kirk H. , Dindoruk Birol 
Published: March 2015

Summary
Oil production is generally a complicated multiphase flow inside pipelines, with possible water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions present with other usual phases such as free water and free oil. The W/O emulsions formed can present significant hurdles in production facilities for pumping fluids and during pipeline transport. It is well known that high shear rates provided by pumps, chokes, or valves result in stable emulsion behavior for a field in primary production. Several field tests are under way to test the potential of surfactant flooding as a tertiary-recovery mechanism. The effect of addition of surfactants on the emulsion rheology of production fluids, as in alkaline/surfactant/polymer (ASP) flooding, is not very well understood. This understanding of W/O-emulsion rheology in ASP-injection oil recovery is essential for design of pumps and pipelines as well as for handling flow-assurance issues.
In this paper, we report results from experiments as well as modeling of W/O-emulsion rheology that can form during ASP injections. We focus here only on the alkaline/surfactant (AS) part of these injections in order to clearly understand the impact of surfactants, removing the uncertainities that come with large rheology changes with polymer addition. The effect of surfactants on the rheology of W/O emulsions was studied by making two different types of emulsions: (1) native-brine W/O emulsions without surfactants to provide a baseline and (2) brine W/O emulsions with surfactants used in ASP injections. This way, the impact of ASP injections on emulsion rheology can easily be quantified. A new correlation is developed, based on in-house historical experimental data, to describe rheology of emulsions without surfactants. This correlation should assist in managing the uncertainties that come from extrapolating emulsion rheology measured in the laboratory to actual field conditions. Further, to understand the effect of ASP injections, new experimental measurements were made by adding surfactants to brine solutions. The addition of surfactants resulted in different rheology as compared with emulsions formed by brine solutions. These differences have been attributed to the W/O interfacial tension (IFT), and IFT was added to modify the original correlation. To our knowledge, this is the first study that explicitly relates emulsion rheology with IFT.
Case Study--Calcium-Carbonate-Scale Inhibitor Performance Degradation Because of H2S-Scavenger Injection in Semoga Field
Authors: Sumestry Meiliza , Tedjawidjaja Hendy 
Published: March 2015

Summary
Semoga field is an oil field in the Rimau block, which is located in South Sumatra, Indonesia. There is also a nearby oil field, Kaji field, in this block. These fields experienced reservoir souring and suffered a history of calcium-carbonate (CaCO3) -scale cases before a proper scale-inhibition program was implemented. At the end of January 2011, there was a separation-system problem at free water knock-out (FWKO) #2 Semoga Station. FWKO outlet lines were dismantled for inspection purposes, and it was found that the oil-outlet line at the downstream of the level control valve (LCV) was clogged by deposits, leaving an inner diameter (ID) of only 0.5 in.
X-ray defraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analyses confirm that the deposit is CaCO3 scale, even though routine scale-coupon monitoring shows very low scale growth. There is a hydrogen sulfide (H2S) scavenger Brand X injection at the downstream of the LCV on the FWKO #2, with a concentration of 11,050 ppm. The scale-inhibitor dosage in the water line on Semoga Station was only 9-10 ppm. Laboratory simulation shows that H2S scavenger Brand X injection reduced the scale-inhibition percentage from 97.2 to 35.3%, with 9 ppm of scale inhibitor. Meanwhile, no deposits were found in the oil-outlet line at the downstream of the LCV at Kaji Station, which has the same H2S scavenger-injection point and dosage. The scale-inhibitor dosage in the water line at Kaji Station was 17.5-22 ppm. Laboratory simulation shows that 20 ppm of scale inhibitor resulted in a scaleinhibition percentage of 58%. Laboratory analysis shows that the scale-inhibition percentage increases linearly as the scale inhibitor increases under H2S scavenger Brand X influence.
However, another laboratory test conducted using H2S scavenger Brand Y shows that the scale-inhibition percentage will decrease with the increase of scale inhibitor concentration, until it reaches the lowest value before increasing again with the increase of scale inhibitor concentration. Thus, the scale-inhibitor performance under H2S scavenger Brand Y influence behaves parabolically.
It is concluded that H2S-scavenger injection increases system pH, resulting in the increase of scaling tendency. However, adding scale-inhibitor concentration is not always the answer to overcoming scale growth resulting from this effect. It is important to understand scale-inhibitor performance behavior on certain H2S scavenger brands before taking preventive measures. Scale-inhibitor performance might have a linear correlation between increasing concentration and scale-inhibition percentage, as shown by the behavior with H2S scavenger Brand X, but it might also have a parabolic correlation, as shown by the behavior with H2S scavenger Brand Y or even other correlation types.