bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What patients are reading about noninvasive prenatal testing: an evaluation of Internet content and implications for patient‐centered care
Authors: Mercer M. B. , Agatisa P. K. , Farrell R. M. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTObjectivePatients' use of the Internet as a source of health information is increasing. The objective of this study was to describe and evaluate Internet‐based information about noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT), an important new genetic test currently available to high‐risk women in early pregnancy.MethodsWebsites were sampled using leading search engines to mirror Internet‐based search patterns of individuals seeking information about NIPT. Content analysis was conducted to assess website reading level, quality, and content.ResultsBasic information about NIPT use as a screening test was accurately described. Overall, sampled websites lacked balance and comprehensive information about NIPT and the complexity of decision making involved in electing for its use. All websites were written at reading levels higher than currently recommended levels for public health information.ConclusionWhile online resources should be used with reservation, they can be an important tool to support effective communication and patient‐centered care. Online information can help both health care providers and pregnant patients who face a growing number of fetal genetic testing options. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Site‐specific human histone H3 methylation stability: fast K4me3 turnover
Authors: Zheng Yupeng , Tipton Jeremiah D. , Thomas Paul M. , Kelleher Neil L. , Sweet Steve M. M. 
Published: May 2014

We employ stable‐isotope labeling and quantitative mass spectrometry to track histone methylation stability. We show that H3 trimethyl K9 and K27 are slow to be established on new histones and slow to disappear from old histones, with half‐lives of multiple cell divisions. By contrast, the transcription‐associated marks K4me3 and K36me3 turn over far more rapidly, with half‐lives of 6.8 h and 57 h, respectively. Inhibition of demethylases increases K9 and K36 methylation, with K9 showing the largest and most robust increase. We interpret different turnover rates in light of genome‐wide localization data and transcription‐dependent nucleosome rearrangements proximal to the transcription start site.
Examining the kinetics of the thermal polymerization of commercial aromatic bis‐benzoxazines
Authors: Hamerton Ian , McNamara Lisa T. , Howlin Brendan J. , Smith Paul A. , Cross Paul , Ward Steven 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTThree commercial bis‐benzoxazine monomers based on the aniline derivatives of bisphenol A (BA‐a), bisphenol F (BF‐a), and 3,3′‐thiodiphenol (BT‐a) are examined using a variety of spectroscopic, chromatographic, and thermomechanical techniques. The kinetics of the polymerization of BA‐a were found to be well described using an autocatalytic model for which values of n = 1.39 and m = 2.49 were obtained for the early and later stages of reaction respectively (activation energy = 81–88 kJ/mol.). Following recrystallization the same monomer yielded values of n = 1.80, m = 0.92, and Ea = 94–97 kJ/mol. BF‐a and BT‐a were also found to be well described using an autocatalytic model for which values of n = m = 2.11 (BF‐a) and n = 2.10, m = 1.47 (BT‐a) were obtained for the early and later stages of reaction (activation energy = 80–84 kJ/mol. for BF‐a and 88–95 kJ/mol. for BT‐a). The kinetic data are compared with parallel studies involving chemically initiated benzoxazine monomers. Molecular simulation is used to examine the rotational freedom of the central bridging units and this is related to the degree of conversion achieved. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014, 52, 2068–2081
Deep proteomic profiling of human carotid atherosclerotic plaques using multidimensional LC‐MS/MS
Authors: Hao Piliang , Ren Yan , Pasterkamp Gerard , Moll Frans L. , de Kleijn Dominique P. V. , Sze Siu Kwan 
Published: May 2014

PurposeTo increase the proteome coverage of human atherosclerotic plaques and identify low‐abundance proteins that may have important functions during the development and progression of atherosclerosis.Experimental designThirty‐eight human carotid atherosclerotic plaques were pooled into two samples and analyzed in triplicate using offline multidimensional LC‐MS/MS. The collected fractions of trypsin‐digested peptides from Electrostatic Repulsion‐Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography (ERLIC) were analyzed by LC‐MS/MS on a Q Exactive (Thermo Fisher, MA, USA).ResultsA total of 4702 proteins were identified from atherosclerotic plaques at a false discovery rate (FDR) of 1%, of which 3846 were identified with at least 2 unique peptides. Many pathways related to the development and progression of atherosclerosis were identified, such as atherosclerosis signaling, toll receptor signaling pathway and inhibition of matrix metalloproteases. Many low‐abundance proteins with important functions in atherosclerosis that were previously unidentifiable using mass spectrometry based proteomics methods, such as TGF‐β, interleukins and other growth factors, were identified confidently from plaques.Conclusions and clinical relevanceThis study has substantially increased the coverage of the atherosclerotic plaque proteome which represents a leap forward in understanding of plaque composition, development and progression. The identification of many low‐abundance proteins may also facilitate biomarker discovery.
Galvanomagnetic and thermoelectric properties of Te doped single‐crystal bismuth wires
Authors: Nikolaeva A. A. , Konopko L. A. , Huber T. E. , Tsurkan A. K. , Meglei D. F. , Matveev D. Yu. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWe present a study of the electrical, transport and thermoelectric properties of Te‐ doped single‐ crystal Bi wires in a glass capillary. The tellurium concentration ranged up to the solubility limit. Measurements of resistance and thermopower were carried out over a wide range of temperatures (2–300 K) and magnetic fields (0–14 T). The shift of the Fermi level by Te doping of Bi wires is calculated from the Shubnikov de Haas oscillations. The effect of quantum confinement and the wire boundary scattering at low temperatures is significantly suppressed for Te‐ doped samples, which are consistent with general theoretical considerations. An anomaly of the thermopower in the form of sign inversion from negative to positive was detected at an electron concentration of ∼1×1020 cm‐3. The observed anomaly disappears after further doping. The effect is interpreted in terms of the manifestation of the features in thermopower at an electronic topological transition (2 1/2 Lifshitz impurity phase transition). (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Raman investigation on thin and thick CdTe films obtained by close spaced vacuum sublimation technique
Authors: Nam D. , Cheong H. , Opanasyuk A. S. , Koval P. V. , Kosyak V. V. , Fochuk P. M. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe CdTe thin and thick films were obtained by the close spaced vacuum sublimation technique on a glass substrate under the following growth conditions: the evaporator temperature was 620 °C; and the substrate temperature was varied in the range from 250 °C to 550 °C. High purity CdTe powder was used as a charge for evaporation. The Raman spectra were measured using TRIAX 320 and TRIAX 550 spectrometers at room temperature. The 488‐nm line and 514.5‐nm line of an Ar+ laser and a 785‐nm diode laser were used as excitation sources. The signal was collected by the liquid nitrogen cooled charge‐coupled‐device (CCD) detector. A number of intense Raman peaks at 140, 167, 190, 271, 332 and 493 cm‐1 were observed and were interpreted as TO (140 cm‐1), 1LO (167 cm‐1), 2LO (332 cm‐1), 3LO (493 cm‐1) phonon modes and plasmon‐phonon mode (190 cm‐1). The presence of several phonon replicas in the Raman spectra confirms high crystal quality of the samples. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Studies of the surface regions of (Cd,Mn)Te crystals
Authors: Kochanowska Dominika , Rasiński Marcin , Witkowska‐Baran Marta , Lewandowska Małgorzata , Mycielski Andrzej 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe growth process conditions affect quality of the crys­tal. Structural defects such as grains, twin boundaries and precipitates are formed during the crystal growth. The defects (especially‐inclusions) at the surface can be investigated in a microscale by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It is shown in the article that a well known etchant, usually used for visual inspection of the quality of the CdTe‐related crystals, can be applied to the preparation of the (Cd,Mn)Te surface for SEM investigations.Samples, cut from different parts of a (Cd,Mn)Te crystal, were ground, mechano‐chemically polished, and treated by the special etchant (to indicate polarity and to reveal twinning). After that treatment the defects (grain and twin boundaries, tellurium inclusions) at the surface became much more accessible for both SEM and visual investigations. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Influence of annealing on the properties of (Cd,Mn)Te crystals
Authors: Witkowska‐Baran M. , Kochanowska D. M. , Mycielski A. , Jakieła R. , Wittlin A. , Knoff W. , Suchocki A. , Nowakowski P. , Korona K. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractSemi‐insulating (Cd,Mn)Te crystals are believed to be suitable to successfully replace the commonly used (Cd,Zn)Te and CdTe crystals as a material for manufacturing large‐area X‐ and γ‐ray detectors. The purpose of the studies was to elaborate the technology of the (Cd,Mn)Te crystal plates with high resistivity, uniform in the whole volume of the plate. The article presents a method of annealing of the monocrystalline (Cd,Mn)Te crystal plates, giving the desired, repeatable results. The semi‐insulating (Cd,Mn)Te crystals, doped (for compensation) mainly by vanadium, but sometimes by Cl, In, or Cl and V, were grown by the Bridgman method, and the monocrystalline plates were cut. Subsequently the plates were annealed in Cd vapour. The resistivity of the plates was around 109 Ωcm, and the μτ‐product was about 10‐4 ‐10‐3 cm2/V. Mapping of the resistivity was performed on both the as‐grown crystals and the annealed crystal plates. The resistivity of the as‐grown crystals was in the range of 105‐106 Ωcm and inhomogeneous. After annealing the resistivity increased up to 109 Ωcm and better homogeneity could be seen. Annealing in the saturated Cd vapour influenced tellurium inclusions/precipitates. It was studied by IR transmission microscopy. For the as‐grown samples the density of Te inclusions (>1 µm) was ≈ 4×105 cm‐3, but for the annealed samples it was ≈ 104 cm‐3. The low‐temperature photoluminescence (PL) measurements indicated significantly lowered concentrations of acceptors after annealing. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Band alignment at band‐insulator/Mott‐insulator interfaces
Authors: Janotti A. , Bjaalie L. , Himmetoglu B. , Van de Walle C. G. 
Published: May 2014

Abstractmagnified imageRecent experiments have demonstrated the formation of a two‐dimensional electron gas (2DEG) with a high density of 3 × 1014 cm–2 at the interface of a band insulator (SrTiO3) and a Mott insulator (GdTiO3), with potential application in electronic devices. This contrasted with the 2DEG at the SrTiO3/LaAlO3 interface, two band insulators, for which the reported electron densities are an order of magnitude lower. Understanding the differences between SrTiO3/LaAlO3 and SrTiO3/GdTiO3, and identifying other materials combinations that also give rise to such high 2DEG densities will add flexibility to materials design and contribute to advancing this field of research. Based on first‐principles calculations, we propose that YTiO3 combined with SrTiO3 will also lead to a 2DEG with density of 3 × 1014 cm–2. YTiO3 is a Mott insulator, with lattice parameters and band structure similar to those of GdTiO3. We calculate the band alignment at the SrTiO3/YTiO3 interface, compare with the SrTiO3/GdTiO3 system, and discuss the origins of the differences between the rare‐earth titanates and LaAlO3 regarding the 2DEG densities. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The mixing time of the giant component of a random graph
Authors: Benjamini Itai , Kozma Gady , Wormald Nicholas 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWe show that the total variation mixing time of the simple random walk on the giant component of supercritical and is . This statement was proved, independently, by Fountoulakis and Reed. Our proof follows from a structure result for these graphs which is interesting in its own right. We show that these graphs are “decorated expanders” — an expander glued to graphs whose size has constant expectation and exponential tail, and such that each vertex in the expander is glued to no more than a constant number of decorations. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 45, 383–407, 2014
How to interpret a small increase in AUC with an additional risk prediction marker: decision analysis comes through
Authors: Baker Stuart G. , Schuit Ewoud , Steyerberg Ewout W. , Pencina Michael J. , Vickers Andew , Moons Karel G.M. , Mol Ben W.J. , Lindeman Karen S. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAn important question in the evaluation of an additional risk prediction marker is how to interpret a small increase in the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Many researchers believe that a change in AUC is a poor metric because it increases only slightly with the addition of a marker with a large odds ratio. Because it is not possible on purely statistical grounds to choose between the odds ratio and AUC, we invoke decision analysis, which incorporates costs and benefits. For example, a timely estimate of the risk of later non‐elective operative delivery can help a woman in labor decide if she wants an early elective cesarean section to avoid greater complications from possible later non‐elective operative delivery. A basic risk prediction model for later non‐elective operative delivery involves only antepartum markers. Because adding intrapartum markers to this risk prediction model increases AUC by 0.02, we questioned whether this small improvement is worthwhile. A key decision‐analytic quantity is the risk threshold, here the risk of later non‐elective operative delivery at which a patient would be indifferent between an early elective cesarean section and usual care. For a range of risk thresholds, we found that an increase in the net benefit of risk prediction requires collecting intrapartum marker data on 68 to 124 women for every correct prediction of later non‐elective operative delivery. Because data collection is non‐invasive, this test tradeoff of 68 to 124 is clinically acceptable, indicating the value of adding intrapartum markers to the risk prediction model. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Two Coordination Polymers Constructed from 5‐(4‐Pyridyl)‐1H‐tetrazole Ligands with Different Organic Carboxylates: Structure and Luminescence Properties
Authors: Zheng Sheng‐Run , Wen Xi‐Ling , Liu Zi‐Meng , Xie Tao , Tan Jing‐Bo , Fan Jun , Hou Shuang‐Shuang , Zhang Wei‐Guang 
Published: May 2014

AbstractTwo coordination polymers (CPs), namely, [Cu(Hptz)2(Hhba)2]n (1) [Hptz = 5‐(4‐pyridyl)‐1H‐tetrazole, H2hba = 2‐hydroxybenzoic acid] and [Zn3(ptz)2(hpa)2]n (2) (H2hpa = 2‐hydroxy‐2‐phenylacetic acid), were synthesized by solvothermal reactions. Both complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, powder X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. Compound 1 exhibits a 2D (4,4) network, where each layer connects to four adjacent layers to construct a 3D supramolecular framework. Compound 2 has a 3D framework structure composed of 1D SUBs, which are formed by both carboxyl and tetrazole groups. The complexes represent two rare examples of CPs constructed from Hptz and organic carboxyl acid ligands. Complex 2 exhibits intense, red‐shifted emissions in the visible region at room temperature.
Shape Control of VO2 (B) Hierarchical Nanostructures
Authors: Ji Qi , Jiang Yingchang , Zhang Zhongping , Tian Yongtao , Wang Zhenyang 
Published: May 2014

Abstract A green route is designed to gain a clear idea of growth mechanism of complex VO2 (B) hierarchical microstructures, since this kind of metal oxide has various metastable phases due to their diverse valence states. Three‐dimensional (3D) uniform flower‐like VO2 (B) hierarchical microstructure has thus been assembled with the interleaving nanoplates, which are about 25 nm in thickness and well‐crystallized in structure with {114} planes as the dominant surfaces. Results of the systemic control experiments revealed that formation of the flower‐like VO2 (B) results from a fast nucleation‐growth process, where ethylene glycol (EG) not only acts as a green solvent and reductive agent, but also plays a key role in self‐assembly of the resulted VO2 (B) hierarchical microstructures. Hydroxyl amount on the solvent molecule is crucial in formation and shape control of VO2 (B) hierarchical microstructures. Result of this work would be helpful to understand the growth mechanism of complex three‐dimensional hierarchical superstructures of different metal oxides, which is very important to material science and inorganic synthetic chemistry.
Long‐term effectiveness of enzyme replacement therapy in Fabry disease: results from the NCS‐LSD cohort study
Authors: Anderson L. J. , Wyatt K. M. , Henley W. , Nikolaou V. , Waldek S. , Hughes D. A. , Pastores G. M. , Logan S. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the effectiveness of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) for adults and children with Fabry disease.DesignCohort study including prospective and retrospective clinical data. Age‐ and gender‐adjusted treatment effects were estimated using generalised linear mixed models. Treated patients contributed data before and during treatment and untreated patients contributed natural history data.ParticipantsConsenting adults (N = 289) and children (N = 22) with a confirmed diagnosis of Fabry disease attending a specialist Lysosomal Storage Disorder treatment centre in England. At recruitment 211 adults and seven children were on ERT (range of treatment duration, 0 to 9.7 and 0 to 4.2 years respectively).Outcome measuresClinical outcomes chosen to reflect disease progression included left ventricular mass index (LVMI); proteinuria; estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR); pain; hearing and transient ischaemic attacks (TIA)/stroke.ResultsWe found evidence of a statistically significant association between time on ERT and a small linear decrease in LVMI (p = 0.01); a reduction in the risk of proteinuria after adjusting for angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (p < 0.001) and a small increase in eGFR in men and women without pre‐treatment proteinuria (p = 0.01 and p < 0.001 respectively). The same analyses in children provided no statistically significant results. No associations between time on ERT and pain, risk of needing a hearing aid, or risk of stroke or TIAs, were found.ConclusionsThese data provide some further evidence on the long‐term effectiveness of ERT in adults with Fabry disease, but evidence of effectiveness could not be demonstrated in children.
Phase I study on the safety, pharmacokinetic profile, and efficacy of the combination of TSU-68, an oral antiangiogenic agent, and S-1 in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Ikeda Masafumi , Shiina Shuichiro , Nakachi Kohei , Mitsunaga Shuichi , Shimizu Satoshi , Kojima Yasushi , Ueno Hideki , Morizane Chigusa , Kondo Shunsuke , Sakamoto Yasunari , Asaoka Yoshinari , Tateishi Ryosuke , Koike Kazuhiko , Arioka Hitoshi , Okusaka Takuji 
Published: May 2014

SummaryPurpose We aimed to investigate the recommended dose for the combination of TSU-68, a multiple-receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 and platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β, and S-1, an oral fluoropyrimidine, in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) based on its associated dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) frequency. We also determined the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK), and efficacy of the combination treatment. Patients and methods Patients without any prior systemic therapy received 400 mg/day TSU-68 orally and 80 mg/day (level 1) or 100 mg/day (level 2) S-1 for 4 or 2 weeks followed by a 2- or 1-week rest period (groups A and B, respectively). According to the treatment, patients progressed from level 1B to level 2A, then level 2B. Safety and response rates were assessed. Results Eighteen patients were enrolled. Two patients at levels 1B and 2A but none at level 2B showed DLTs. The common adverse drug reactions were a decrease in hemoglobin levels, hypoalbuminemia, and anorexia, which were mild in severity (grades 1–2). PK data from levels 1B and 2A indicated that the area under the curve for TSU-68 and 5-fluorouracil was unlikely to be affected by the combination treatment. Response rate, disease control rate, median time to progression, and median overall survival were 27.8 %, 61.1 %, 5.3 months, and 12.8 months, respectively. Conclusion The recommended dose for advanced HCC should be 400 mg/day TSU-68 and 100 mg/day S-1 for 4 weeks followed by 2-week rest.
Median Nerve Compression at the Fibrous Arch of the Flexor Digitorum Superficialis: An Anatomic Study of the Pronator Syndrome
Authors: Guo Bev , Wang Angela 
Published: May 2014

Background Flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) arch is a site of compression in pronator syndrome yet little is known about its anatomic structure. The purpose of the study is to delineate the surgical anatomy of the FDS arch along with its relationship to the anterior interosseous nerve (AIN) takeoff. Methods Thirty-eight cadavers were dissected using a modified Henry's approach. The FDS arch was identified, and its distance to the antebrachial crease and medial and lateral epicondyle were measured. The FDS arch was divided in a sequential fashion until adequate decompression of the median nerve was achieved. The total length of the release was measured. The takeoff of the AIN was identified in relation to the FDS arch. Results Two types of the FDS arch were discovered, a distinct fibrous arch and an indistinct fibrous arch with vertical fibers blending into overlying fascia. Only 42 % of specimens had a distinct FDS arch averaging 1.69 cm in length. The majority of specimens had an indistinct arch, and of those, 77 % had overlying muscle, requiring an average release of 2.6 cm. The AIN branched at or distal to the FDS arch in 74 % of specimens, and only 8 % was found to have an ulnar-sided origin off the median nerve. Conclusions A longer surgical release is needed with indistinct FDS arches. Overlying muscle during dissection may be indicative of an indistinct arch. Dissection along the ulnar side of the median nerve can possibly decrease the chance of injury to the AIN during decompression.
Managing Parrot Bite Injuries to the Hand: Not Just Another Animal Bite
Authors: King I. C. C. , Freeman H. , Wokes J. E. 
Published: May 2014

Bites and scratches are common injuries, frequently sustained from humans, dogs and cats. Exotic pet-related harm however is an important and increasingly emerging class of injury. Whilst the principles of prompt and thorough medical assessment, antibiotics and potential surgical washout and debridement apply, exotic pet wounds require further consideration. Standard antibiotic prophylaxis with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (also known as co-amoxiclav) is not sufficient for the pathogens transmitted by parrot bites. We illustrate the importance of adequate consideration of microbiological pathogens with a case report of an open finger fracture resulting from a parrot bite. We intend this to be a valuable resource for healthcare professionals in their effective management of such injuries. Level of Evidence: V