bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Valuing good health care: How medical doctors, scientists and patients relate ethical challenges with artificial intelligence decision‐making support tools in prostate cancer diagnostics to good health care
Authors: Hesjedal Maria Bårdsen , Lysø Emilie Hybertsen , Solbjør Marit , Skolbekken John‐Arne 
Published: July 2024

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly used in health care to improve diagnostics and treatment. Decision‐making tools intended to help professionals in diagnostic processes are developed in a variety of medical fields. Despite the imagined benefits, AI in health care is contested. Scholars point to ethical and social issues related to the development, implementation, and use of AI in diagnostics. Here, we investigate how three relevant groups construct ethical challenges with AI decision‐making tools in prostate cancer (PCa) diagnostics: scientists developing AI decision support tools for interpreting MRI scans for PCa, medical doctors working with PCa and PCa patients. This qualitative study is based on participant observation and interviews with the abovementioned actors. The analysis focuses on how each group draws on their understanding of ‘good health care’ when discussing ethical challenges, and how they mobilise different registers of valuing in this process. Our theoretical approach is inspired by scholarship on evaluation and justification. We demonstrate how ethical challenges in this area are conceptualised, weighted and negotiated among these participants as processes of valuing good health care and compare their perspectives.
ICURE: Intensive care unit (ICU) risk evaluation for 30‐day mortality. Developing and evaluating a multivariable machine learning prediction model for patients admitted to the general ICU in Sweden
Authors: Siöland Tobias , Rawshani Araz , Nellgård Bengt , Malmgren Johan , Oras Jonatan , Dalla Keti , Cinà Giovanni , Engerström Lars , Hessulf Fredrik 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundA prediction model that estimates mortality at admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) is of potential benefit to both patients and society. Logistic regression models like Simplified Acute Physiology Score 3 (SAPS 3) and APACHE are the traditional ICU mortality prediction models. With the emergence of machine learning (machine learning) and artificial intelligence, new possibilities arise to create prediction models that have the potential to sharpen predictive accuracy and reduce the likelihood of misclassification in the prediction of 30‐day mortality.MethodsWe used the Swedish Intensive Care Registry (SIR) to identify and include all patients ≥18 years of age admitted to general ICUs in Sweden from 2008 to 2022 with SAPS 3 score registered. Only data collected within 1 h of ICU admission was used. We had 153 candidate predictors including baseline characteristics, previous medical conditions, blood works, physiological parameters, cause of admission, and initial treatment. We stratified the data randomly on the outcome variable 30‐day mortality and created a training set (80% of data) and a test set (20% of data). We evaluated several hundred prediction models using multiple ML frameworks including random forest, gradient boosting, neural networks, and logistic regression models. Model performance was evaluated by comparing the receiver operator characteristic area under the curve (AUC‐ROC). The best performing model was fine‐tuned by optimizing hyperparameters. The model's calibration was evaluated by a calibration belt. Ultimately, we simplified the best performing model with the top 1–20 predictors.ResultsWe included 296,344 first‐time ICU admissions. We found age, Glasgow Coma Scale, creatinine, systolic blood pressure, and pH being the most important predictors. The AUC‐ROC was 0.884 in test data using all predictors, specificity 95.2%, sensitivity 47.0%, negative predictive value of 87.9% and positive predictive value of 70.7%. The final model showed excellent calibration. The ICU risk evaluation for 30‐day mortality (ICURE) prediction model performed equally well to the SAPS 3 score with only eight variables and improved further with the addition of more variables.ConclusionThe ICURE prediction model predicts 30‐day mortality rate at first‐time ICU admission superiorly compared to the established SAPS 3 score.
High‐status versus low‐status stakeholders
Authors: Pace H. Justin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe literature on stakeholder theory has largely ignored the difficult and central issue of how judges and firms should resolve disputes among stakeholders. When the issue is addressed, focus has largely been on the potential for management to use stakeholder theory as cover for rent‐seeking or on disputes between classes of stakeholders. Sharply underappreciated is the potential for disparate interests within a stakeholder class. That potential is particularly acute due to a (largely education‐driven) stark and growing class divide in the United States. There is a substantial difference between the interests of a highly educated professional and managerial elite and a pink‐collar and blue‐collar working class who mostly do not hold 4‐year degrees. Despite their smaller numbers, the professional and managerial elite will frequently win out in intra‐stakeholder disputes with working‐class stakeholders due to their greater status, power, and influence. Because this class divide is cultural, social, and political, as well as economic, these disputes will go beyond financial pie‐splitting to culture war issues. This threatens to be destabilizing for both the republic and individual firms and undermines both the practical and ethical arguments for the stakeholder theory.
Axial length adjustment in eyes with silicone oil endotamponade reduces overestimation by a swept‐source optical coherence tomography‐based biometer
Authors: Kaiser Klemens Paul , Jandewerth Tyll , Bucur Julian , Kohnen Thomas , Lwowski Christoph 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundTo assess changes in ocular biometry of the phakic eye after pars‐plana‐vitrectomy (PPV) and silicone oil (SO) endotamponade in eyes with a retinal detachment.MethodsThis retrospective, consecutive case series included 72 eyes of 72 patients who underwent PPV with 5000‐centistokes SO endotamponade between July 2018 and June 2023. Pseudophakic eyes and eyes with a combined phacovitrectomy were excluded. Primary endpoints were keratometry values, anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT), horizontal corneal diameter (HCD), and axial length (AL) measured by swept‐source optical coherence tomography‐based biometry (IOLMaster 700) preoperatively and six weeks postoperatively. A recently described formula was used to adjust the AL (aAL) in eyes with SO endotamponade and a theoretical intraocular lens (IOL) calculation was performed.ResultsThe mean age was 62.1 ± 8.3 years (range: 37–85). After PPV with SO fill, there was an increase in Kmean (0.19 ± 0.51D), while ACD (0.05 ± 0.13 mm), LT (0.03 ± 0.14 mm), and HCD (0.02 ± 0.24 mm) decreased. Preoperatively, the mean AL was 25.22 ± 1.78 mm, while postoperatively the AL was overestimated by 0.12 ± 0.42 mm on average (p = 0.04). By adjusting the AL, the mean difference could be reduced to −0.002 ± 0.41 mm. The aAL resulted in a difference in the refractive outcome in eyes with an AL > 25 mm of 0.34 ± 0.10D in the IOL calculation.ConclusionsWhile changes in biometry after PPV with SO endotamponade in the anterior segment are clinically less relevant, a considerable overestimation of AL with IOLMaster 700 was found. We recommend the use of a recently introduced formula for adjusting AL in eyes with SO, allowing overestimation to be minimised considerably.
Repeatability and agreement of total corneal astigmatism measured in keratoconic eyes using four current devices
Authors: Feng Yue , Nitter Tore , Bertelsen Geir , Stojanovic Aleksandar 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate repeatability and agreement in measurements of total corneal astigmatism (TCA) in keratoconic eyes, using four optical coherence tomography (OCT)‐based devices: Anterion, Casia SS‐1000, IOLMaster 700, and MS‐39.MethodsThree consecutive measurements were taken with each device in 136 eyes. TCA values were converted into components J0 and J45. The Anterion and the IOLMaster 700 also provided axial length (AL) measurements. The repeatability was calculated using pooled within‐subject standard deviation (Sw). The agreement among the four devices was assessed by pairwise comparisons and Bland–Altman plots.ResultsFor all devices, the repeatability of TCA measurements showed Sw ≤0.23 D for TCA magnitude, ≤0.14 D for J0, and ≤0.12 D for J45. There were statistically significant differences in TCA magnitude for each pair, except for IOLMaster 700 with MS‐39, and Anterion with MS‐39. The repeatability (Sw) of axis measurements had a statistically significant negative correlation with the TCA magnitude (p < 0.001 for all devices). Both Anterion and IOLMaster 700 had high repeatability in AL measurements (Sw: 0.007 mm for Anterion and 0.009 mm for IOLMaster 700). The difference in AL between the two was 0.015 ± 0.033 mm (p < 0.001).ConclusionsAll four devices showed good repeatability in TCA measurements in keratoconic eyes, the agreement for TCA measurements between the tested devices was generally low. Anterion and IOLMaster 700 showed good repeatability and agreement in AL measurements.
In situ imaging of intracellular miRNAs in tumour cells by branched hybridisation chain reaction
Authors: Tang Ying , Zhang Siwei , Yang Xinyu , Chen Yao , Chen Sha , Xi Qiang , Chao Long , Huang Zhao , Nie Libo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe ability to visualise microRNA in situ is crucial for studying microRNAs, their microRNA‐associated biological functions and disease diagnosis. Traditional fluorescence in situ hybridisation methods based on paraformaldehyde fixation of microRNAs suffer from release of microRNAs from cells, which limits the sensitivity of in situ hybridisation, making them unsuitable for the detection of small, low‐abundance microRNAs. To reduce the loss, microRNAs were covalently cross‐linked to proteins within cells by combining EDC and paraformaldehyde, and the target microRNA was used as the initiator chain for a branched hybridisation chain reaction to detect microRNA expression levels in situ. A simplified branched hybridisation chain reaction can be realised by coupling two hybridisation chain reaction circuits with a hairpin linker. Upon forming the primary hybridisation chain reaction product with extended sequence, this sequence reacts with the linker hairpin H3 to release the initiator sequence, resulting in the formation of numerous dendritic branched hybridisation chain reaction products. Imaging results show that this technique can detect microRNAs with high sensitivity and selectivity at both the single‐cell and single‐molecule levels. Compared with the traditional fluorescence in situ hybridisation technique, this method greatly improves the sensitivity and image resolution of in situ imaging detection. Therefore, we believe that the target‐initiated branched hybridisation chain reaction based in situ detection method provides a reliable assay platform for analysing disease‐related microRNA expression.
Limited evidence of test‐retest reliability in infant‐directed speech preference in a large preregistered infant experiment
Authors: Schreiner Melanie S. , Zettersten Martin , Bergmann Christina , Frank Michael C. , Fritzsche Tom , Gonzalez‐Gomez Nayeli , Hamlin Kiley , Kartushina Natalia , Kellier Danielle J. , Mani Nivedita , Mayor Julien , Saffran Jenny , Shukla Mohinish , Silverstein Priya , Soderstrom Melanie , Lippold Matthias 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTest‐retest reliability—establishing that measurements remain consistent across multiple testing sessions—is critical to measuring, understanding, and predicting individual differences in infant language development. However, previous attempts to establish measurement reliability in infant speech perception tasks are limited, and reliability of frequently used infant measures is largely unknown. The current study investigated the test‐retest reliability of infants’ preference for infant‐directed speech over adult‐directed speech in a large sample (N = 158) in the context of the ManyBabies1 collaborative research project. Labs were asked to bring in participating infants for a second appointment retesting infants on their preference for infant‐directed speech. This approach allowed us to estimate test‐retest reliability across three different methods used to investigate preferential listening in infancy: the head‐turn preference procedure, central fixation, and eye‐tracking. Overall, we found no consistent evidence of test‐retest reliability in measures of infants’ speech preference (overall r = 0.09, 95% CI [−0.06,0.25]). While increasing the number of trials that infants needed to contribute for inclusion in the analysis revealed a numeric growth in test‐retest reliability, it also considerably reduced the study's effective sample size. Therefore, future research on infant development should take into account that not all experimental measures may be appropriate for assessing individual differences between infants.Research Highlights
We assessed test‐retest reliability of infants’ preference for infant‐directed over adult‐directed speech in a large pre‐registered sample (N = 158).
There was no consistent evidence of test‐retest reliability in measures of infants’ speech preference.
Applying stricter criteria for the inclusion of participants may lead to higher test‐retest reliability, but at the cost of substantial decreases in sample size.
Developmental research relying on stable individual differences should consider the underlying reliability of its measures.
Big is beautiful: Health and well‐being in Pacific communities
Authors: Pouono Terry 
Published: July 2024

AbstractResearch on obesity and its implications for health and well‐being has been a global focus. However, this examination has often overlooked the unique perspective of intracultural Pasifika communities. In New Zealand, Pacific Islanders are one such community. For Pasifika diaspora communities, obesity is a common precursor to poor health outcomes. As a result, my research has honed in on the social, cultural, and economic factors contributing to obesity in these cohorts. The practical implications of this study underscore the urgent need for culturally sensitive intervention programs that respect and work within the cultural norms of these communities aimed at alleviating this condition. This emphasis on cultural sensitivity is crucial for understanding and addressing the issue. My research delves into the emic perceptions of what “Big” entails, particularly within intracultural Pasifika communities. I explore contemporary conceptions and their implications for health and well‐being. I argue that Pasifika churches, as socio‐cultural villages, have the potential to transform into safe, healthy spaces for their people. This transformation could significantly reduce the prevalence of an obesogenic environment and contribute to improved mental and physical health for the population. This optimistic perspective, which highlights the potential for positive change, guides my exploration of a relevant recommendation for the issue at hand.
Fostering decent jobs, formalising informal employment and spurring job mobility in MENA countries
Authors: Adair Philippe , AlAzzawi Shireen , Hlasny Vladimir 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLongstanding evidence in Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries shows a high prevalence of unemployment and informality among a large fraction of population, and at the same time gender disparities in labour force participation and occupational mobility. Why is there such persistent labour‐market segmentation? What is the impact and potential of various formalisation policies? An overview of the informal economy across three middle‐income MENA countries (Egypt, Jordan and Tunisia) is provided with respect to taxonomy, coverage and drivers. Transition matrices and multinomial logistic regressions are applied to longitudinal microdata from Labour‐Market Panel Surveys, focusing on workers' occupational mobility in relation to their previous status, age cohort, gender and other demographics. Persistent segmentation and low occupational mobility in all countries suggest that informal employment is not driven by choice on the labour supply side but by structural constraints on the demand side. Existing formalisation policies based on distinct stick and carrot strategies, and targeting of existing businesses and workers achieve rather modest impacts. One recommendation to supplement policies for decent jobs creation is to promote social and solidarity enterprises and extend microfinance to informal enterprises.
Association between striatal amyloid deposition and motor prognosis in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Park Mincheol , Kim Hyun Joo , Baik Kyoungwon , Na Han Kyu , Lee Young‐gun , Yoon So Hoon , Jeong Seong Ho , Chung Seok Jong , Shin Hae‐Won , Lyoo Chul Hyoung , Sohn Young H. , Lee Phil Hyu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackground and purposeThe co‐occurrence of amyloid‐β pathology in Parkinson's disease (PD) is common; however, the role of amyloid‐β deposition in motor prognosis remains elusive. This study aimed to investigate the association between striatal amyloid deposition, motor complications and motor prognosis in patients with PD.MethodsNinety‐six patients with PD who underwent 18F florbetaben (FBB) positron emission tomography were retrospectively assessed. The ratio of the striatum to global (STG) FBB uptake was obtained for each individual, and patients were allotted into low and high STG groups according to the median value. The effect of STG group on regional amyloid deposition, the occurrence of motor complications and longitudinal change in levodopa equivalent dose (LED) requirement were investigated after controlling for age, sex, LED and disease duration at FBB scan.ResultsThe high STG group was associated with lower cortical FBB uptake in the parietal, occipital and posterior cingulate cortices and higher striatal FBB uptake compared to the low STG group. Patients in the high STG group had a higher risk of developing wearing off and levodopa‐induced dyskinesia than those in the low STG group, whereas the risk for freezing of gait was comparable between the two groups. The high STG group showed a more rapid increase in LED requirements over time than the low STG group.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that relatively high striatal amyloid deposition is associated with poor motor outcomes in patients with PD.
Behavioral therapy in migraine: Expanding the therapeutic arsenal
Authors: Mínguez‐Olaondo Ane , Días Patricia Alves , de Munáin Estibaliz López , Grozeva Vesselina , Laspra‐Solís Carmen , Villalba Inés Martín , García‐Martín Valvanuz , Vila‐Pueyo Marta , Barandiarán Myriam , Zabalza Ramon J. , Bengoetxea Ana 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackground and purposeThe US Headache Consortium developed evidence‐based guidelines for the treatment of migraine and found grade A evidence in support of behavior therapy (BT). Understanding the mechanisms of BT may improve the management of migraine and reduce its burden.MethodsWe performed a narrative review to define the current evidence of BT and determine its usefulness in migraine management.ResultsThe information was obtained from 116 publications, with 56 of them retrieved through direct searches in PubMed (2011–2020) and the remainder selected by the authors to complete the content. BT might reduce migraine impact by decreasing the sympathetic nervous system's response to stress and increasing pain tolerance. Acting in headache‐related surroundings can be improved, together with headache duration and self‐efficacy. Applications such as mobile health and electronic health applications can help to carry out healthier lifestyle patterns. Regarding medication overuse, BT seems to be a good choice, with similar results to pharmacological prophylaxis. Advantages of using BT are the lack of adverse effects and the unrestricted use in children, where BT is postulated to be even more effective than the standardized pharmacopeia.ConclusionsBT is an interesting tool that can be used as an add‐on therapy in migraine. Through BT, the autonomy and empowerment of migraine patients is enhanced. BT may not cure migraine, but it could help to reduce pain severity perception, disability, and migraine impact, adding an emotive and cognitive approach to the perceptive role of pharmacopeia. Thus, a better approach in migraine, implementing specific therapeutic management, can improve migraine control.
Review of interventions and effectiveness for heavy menstrual bleeding in women with moderate and severe von Willebrand disease
Authors: Turan Ozlem , Gomez Keith , Kadir Rezan Abdul 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionWomen with VWD have an increased risk of gynaecological complications due to haemostatic challenges of menstruation.AimReview gynecological bleeding symptoms and their management in women with moderate‐severe VWD.Materials and MethodsRetrospective cohort analysis of prospectively collected data for women with moderate and severe VWD attending a joint multidisciplinary clinic between January 2010 and December 2020. Data was collected from electronic patient records on response to treatment options using PBAC, quality of life (QoL) assessment using SF‐36 scores, haemoglobin and ferritin in comparison to pre‐treatment values.ResultsOf the 67 women managed in the clinic; all reported heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB). Combination therapy with concurrent hormonal agents and tranexamic acid was required in 80% of women. There was an overall 64% improvement in PBAC scores in the first year, reflecting on QoL with 35% improvement in SF‐36 score and correction of anaemia in 21% of cases. The cumulative effect of continued treatment culminated in greater reduction of blood loss, with an overall 71% improvement in PBAC scores by 5 years. One in 10 women required surgical treatment for a gynaecological pathology. Non‐compliance was the cause of excessive unscheduled bleeding in 50% of adolescents. After 3 years, one in five women experienced a relapse of symptom, of whom 46% became perimenopausal and 54% discontinued hormonal treatments due to concerns about fertility, hair loss and weight gain.ConclusionManagement of HMB requires careful monitoring and follow‐up by MDT with close collaboration between the gynaecology team and HTC. Control of HMB often requires a combination therapy.