bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transferable preference learning in multi-objective decision analysis and its application to hydrocracking
Authors: Yu Guo , Wang Xinzhe , Jiang Chao , Liu Yang , Ma Lianbo , Bo Cuimei , Zhang Quanling 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHydrocracking represents a complex and time-consuming chemical process that converts heavy oil fractions into various valuable products with low boiling points. It plays a pivotal role in enhancing the quality of products within the oil refining process. Consequently, the development of efficient surrogate models for simulating the hydrocracking process and identifying appropriate solutions for multi-objective oil refining is now an important area of research. In this study, a novel transferable preference learning-driven evolutionary algorithm is proposed to facilitate multi-objective decision analysis in the oil refining process. Specifically, our approach involves considering user preferences to divide the objective space into a region of interest (ROI) and other subspaces. We then utilize Kriging models to approximate the sub-problems within the ROI. In order to enhance the robustness and generalization capability of the Kriging models during the evolutionary process, we transfer the mutual information between the sub-problems in the ROI. To validate the effectiveness as well as efficiency of our proposed method, we undertake a series of experiments on both benchmarks and the oil refining process. The experimental results conclusively demonstrate the superiority of our approach.
Stress or failure? An experimental protocol to distinguish the environmental determinants of decision-making
Authors: Vecchi Martina , Vitt Nicolai 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAre economic decisions affected by short-term stress, failure, or both? Such effects have not been clearly distinguished in previous experimental research, and have the potential to worsen economic outcomes, especially in disadvantaged socioeconomic groups. We validate a novel experimental protocol to examine the individual and combined influences of stress, failure, and success. The protocol employs a 2 × 3 experimental design in two sessions and can be used online or in laboratory studies to analyse the impact of these factors on decision-making and behaviour. The stress protocol was perceived as significantly more stressful than a control task, and it induced a sizeable and significant rise in state anxiety. The provision of negative feedback (“failure”) significantly lowered participants’ assessment of their performance, induced feelings of failure, and raised state anxiety.
The ethics of personalised digital duplicates: a minimally viable permissibility principle
Authors: Danaher John , Nyholm Sven 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWith recent technological advances, it is possible to create personalised digital duplicates. These are partial, at least semi-autonomous, recreations of real people in digital form. Should such duplicates be created? When can they be used? This article develops a general framework for thinking about the ethics of digital duplicates. It starts by clarifying the object of inquiry– digital duplicates themselves– defining them, giving examples, and justifying the focus on them rather than other kinds of artificial being. It then identifies a set of generic harms and benefits associated with digital duplicates and uses this as the basis for formulating a minimally viable permissible principle (MVPP) that stipulates widely agreeable conditions that should be met in order for the creation and use of digital duplicates to be ethically permissible. It concludes by assessing whether it is possible for those conditions to be met in practice, and whether it is possible for the use of digital duplicates to be more or less permissible.
Operator means, barycenters, and fixed point equations
Authors: Virosztek Dániel 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe seminal work of Kubo and Ando (Math Ann 246:205–224, 1979/80) provided us with an axiomatic approach to means of positive operators. As most of their axioms are algebraic in nature, this approach has a clear algebraic flavour. On the other hand, it is highly natural to take the geomeric viewpoint and consider a distance (understood in a broad sense) on the cone of positive operators, and define the mean of positive operators by an appropriate notion of the center of mass. This strategy often leads to a fixed point equation that characterizes the mean. The aim of this survey is to highlight those cases where the algebraic and the geometric approaches meet each other.
Differences in the Cellular Immune Response during and after Treatment of Sudanese Patients with Post-kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis, and Possible Implications for Outcome
Authors: Torres Ana , Younis Brima Musa , Alamin Mohammed , Tesema Samuel , Bernardo Lorena , Solana Jose Carlos , Moreno Javier , Mustafa Alaa-aldeen , Alves Fabiana , Musa Ahmed Mudawi , Carrillo Eugenia 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
The host cellular immune response associated with two treatments for post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) - paromomycin plus miltefosine (Arm 1), and liposomal amphotericin B plus miltefosine (Arm 2) - was examined in Sudanese patients before treatment (D0), at the end of treatment (D42), and during the post-treatment period (D180).

Methods
Whole blood samples were stimulated with soluble Leishmania antigen for 24 h (whole blood assay [WBA]) and the concentrations of Th1/Th2/Th17-associated cytokines, IP-10, PDL-1 and granzyme B were determined.

Results
The Arm 1 treatment (98.2% cure rate) induced a Th1/Th2/Th17 response, while the Arm 2 treatment (80% cure rate) induced a Th1/Th2 response. Five Arm 2 patients relapsed and showed lower IFN-γ, TNF and IL-1β concentrations at D0 than non-relapsers in this Arm. In patients with low-IFN-γ-production at D0, Arm 1 treatment led to a better host immune response and clinical outcome than Arm 2 treatment.

Conclusions
A Th1/Th2/Th17 response was associated with a higher cure rate. Patients with low IFN-γ, TNF and IL-1β before treatment are more likely to relapse if they undergo Arm 2-type treatment. Determining IFN-γ, TNF and IL-10 levels prior to treatment could help predict patients at higher risk of relapse/recovery from PKDL.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03399955, Registered 17 January 2018, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/ NCT03399955.

Graphical Abstract
Optimization of operating parameters of a drum-type feed metering unit developed for a human-powered floating fish feeder
Authors: Prem Ritu , Tewari V. K. , Das Souvik , Maiti J. , Jayraj P. , Pareek C. M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFeed wastage is one of the major concerns in aquaculture practice. A simple and unique floating fish feeder with drum-type metering mechanism was developed, which addresses this concern. A drum-type metering mechanism is an easy, effective, low cost metering method with low energy requirement. Optimizing the feed rate for any metering systems is a necessary pre-requisite to ensure proper feeding. In this study, the operating parameters of the drum-type feed metering unit have been optimized to achieve the desired feed rate. The influence of three independent parameters (number of metering holes, shaft speed and drum fill level) on the dependent parameter (feed rate) was studied and optimized using response surface methodology. A multilevel full factorial design approach has been adopted for the experimental design. The effect of variation in operating parameters was investigated experimentally and a response surface model was developed from experimental data. The fit of the model was expressed by an R2 value of 0.879. The optimal solutions obtained from the model with high desirability values were further used for validation experiments in aquaculture pond and found to be acceptable. It was observed that low shaft speeds and drum fill levels led to better feeding. The best settings recommended for the feeder operation were 24 metering holes, 31 % drum fill level and 30 rpm shaft speed. The feeder was found to improve feed application and reduce feed wastage. This kind of low-cost feeding systems is expected to encourage adoption of mechanized feeding among small and marginal farmers.
On the evolved psychological mechanisms that make peace and reconciliation between groups possible
Authors: McCullough Michael E. , Pietraszewski David 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
If group norms and decisions foster peace, then understanding how norms and decisions arise becomes important. Here, we suggest that neither norms nor other forms of group-based decision making (such as offering restitution) can be adequately understood without simultaneously considering (i) what individual psychologies are doing and (ii) the dynamics these psychologies produce when interacting with each other.
Group-structured cultural selection can explain both war and peace
Authors: Mathew Sarah , Zefferman Matthew 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Glowacki recognizes the importance of norms in enabling war and peace, but does not focus on the cultural evolutionary mechanisms by which these norms are maintained. We highlight how group-structured cultural selection shapes the scale and nature of peaceful intergroup interactions. The mechanistic perspective reveals that there are many more cases of peaceful intergroup relations than the current account implies.
Optimal Transport Map With Prescribed Direction Indicator for Seismic Full‐Waveform Inversion
Authors: Dong Xingpeng , Yang Dinghui , Zhu Hejun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe quadratic Wasserstein (W2) metric has been proposed as a promising misfit function to mitigate cycle‐skipping phenomena in full‐waveform inversion. Mathematically, we demonstrate that the smoothness of the W2‐based adjoint source is two orders of magnitude higher than that based on L2‐norm, which guarantees a larger convergence radius of related inverse problems. However, the oscillatory characteristics of seismic signals and subsequent operations of transforming them into probability densities would decrease the accuracy of the optimal transport map T(t) and exacerbate the nonconvexity of the misfit function. To tackle these challenges, we propose the concept of prescribed direction indicator, which indicates the properly matching direction from predictions to observations, in order to correct inaccurate T(t). 1D synthetic examples suggest that reasonable bijection can be constructed through the proposed method. Numerical experiments demonstrate that it works well during optimization procedures, including enlarging the convergence radius of the inverse problem, improving the computational efficiency and enhancing the reliability of inversion results.
The Potential for Fracture Growth in Stepped Subglacial Topography as a Quarrying Mechanism
Authors: Theiss C. R. , Cuffey K. M. , Zhao Q. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the rates and mechanisms of erosion by subglacial quarrying is a major unsolved problem in geomorphology. Stress enhancement due to load concentration on bedrock ledges between cavities is hypothesized to drive the growth of fractures. Prior work assumed the formation of vertically oriented tensile fractures at the downstream margins of cavities as the controlling process, but did not account for the evolution of the stress field as fractures lengthen, and in particular the dominance of the shearing mode at fracture tips. We used 2D finite element analysis and J‐integral methods to analyze stress intensity factors and fracture growth potentials at the tips of preexisting fractures in loaded bedrock steps, taking into account normal and shear components and measured rock strengths. By examining different step heights, step riser angles, rock types, prior fracture locations and orientations, and extents of ice‐rock contact zones, we identified some situations favorable for fracture growth, especially in brittle rock types. Typically, however, the growth direction will not be vertically downward but angled up‐glacier away from the step riser, a situation unfavorable for quarrying. Moreover, in many situations, the normal stress across fracture planes will be compressive. Non‐vertical step risers buttress the bedrock and also suppress fracture growth. In contrast, reducing the sizes of ice‐rock contact zones not only increases the loading magnitude, as previously recognized, but also increases intensification of tensile stress at the tips of fractures located just up‐glacier. Thus, larger cavities, and hence, fast sliding and low effective pressures, favor quarrying more strongly than previously recognized.
How Interpretable Machine Learning Can Benefit Process Understanding in the Geosciences
Authors: Jiang Shijie , Sweet Lily‐belle , Blougouras Georgios , Brenning Alexander , Li Wantong , Reichstein Markus , Denzler Joachim , Shangguan Wei , Yu Guo , Huang Feini , Zscheischler Jakob 
Published: July 2024

AbstractInterpretable Machine Learning (IML) has rapidly advanced in recent years, offering new opportunities to improve our understanding of the complex Earth system. IML goes beyond conventional machine learning by not only making predictions but also seeking to elucidate the reasoning behind those predictions. The combination of predictive power and enhanced transparency makes IML a promising approach for uncovering relationships in data that may be overlooked by traditional analysis. Despite its potential, the broader implications for the field have yet to be fully appreciated. Meanwhile, the rapid proliferation of IML, still in its early stages, has been accompanied by instances of careless application. In response to these challenges, this paper focuses on how IML can effectively and appropriately aid geoscientists in advancing process understanding—areas that are often underexplored in more technical discussions of IML. Specifically, we identify pragmatic application scenarios for IML in typical geoscientific studies, such as quantifying relationships in specific contexts, generating hypotheses about potential mechanisms, and evaluating process‐based models. Moreover, we present a general and practical workflow for using IML to address specific research questions. In particular, we identify several critical and common pitfalls in the use of IML that can lead to misleading conclusions, and propose corresponding good practices. Our goal is to facilitate a broader, yet more careful and thoughtful integration of IML into Earth science research, positioning it as a valuable data science tool capable of enhancing our current understanding of the Earth system.
Hybrid Kinetic Modeling of the Magnetosheath Impulsive Plasma Cloud Penetration Through the Magnetopause and Comparison With MMS and Other Spacecraft Observations
Authors: Lipatov A. S. , Avanov L. A. , Giles B. L. , Gershman D. J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis research examines the plasma processes under penetration of the plasma clouds (plasmoids) across the magnetopause which is modeled as a tangential discontinuity (TD). Cases with the parallel magnetic field in both sides out of the TD are under investigation. Plasma parameters and magnetic field were chosen from the MMS mission and other spacecraft observations. The results are important for understanding the following basic space plasma physics problems: (a) plasma cloud deformation and strong phase mixing with magnetospheric plasma; (b) the transfer of mass, momentum and energy of magnetosheath and magnetic cloud plasma into magnetospheric plasmas; (c) necessary conditions for plasma cloud penetration via the magnetopause; (d) wave generation by plasma clouds inside the magnetopause.
Multiple Seismic Slip‐Rate Pulses and Mechanical and Textural Evolution of Calcite‐Bearing Fault Gouges
Authors: Cornelio C. , Aretusini S. , Spagnuolo E. , Di Toro G. , Cocco M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNatural fault zones are complex, spatially heterogeneous systems. Rock deformation experimental studies simplify the complexity of natural fault zones either as a surface discontinuity between intact rocks (bare‐rock surfaces) or as a few mm‐thick gouge layer. However, depending on the simplified fault type and its slip history, the response to applied deformation can vary. In this work, we conduct laboratory experiments for investigating the evolution of mechanical parameters of simulated faults made of calcite gouge subjected to multiple (four) identical seismic slip‐rate pulses. We observed that, as the number of applied slip‐rate pulses increased, (a) initial friction and steady‐state friction remained approximatively constant, (b) peak friction and normalized strength excess increased and, (c) the slip distances to achieve peak and steady‐state friction, Da and Dc, decreased. The greatest changes occurred between the first and the second slip‐rate pulse. From this pulse onward, the dissipated energy of the calcite gouge fault was similar to those obtained in bare‐rock surfaces experiments. Microstructural analysis showed that, strain is localized in up to two (recrystallized) principal slip zones (PSZ) with sub‐micrometric grain size, surrounded by low porosity sintered and non‐sintered comminuted gouge domains. We conclude that previous seismic slip episodes impact on both the structure and the strain localization processes within a fault, contributing to its shear fabric evolution. We highlight that the strain localization process identifies the PSZ, dissipating the least amount of energy within the entire experimental fault zone.
Light People: Professor Manijeh Razeghi
Authors: Wang Hui , Yu Cun 
Published: July 2024

EditorialThe sense of light is the first sensation the human body develops. The importance of light is self-evident. However, we all know that the light we can see and perceive covers only a small section of the spectrum. Today, for Light People, we feature a researcher who is committed to exploring different spectral bands of light ranging from deep ultraviolet to terahertz waves and working on quantum semiconductor technology, Prof. Manijeh Razeghi of the Northwestern University in the United States. Known for her quick thinking and witty remarks, Prof. Razeghi is passionate about life and always kind to others. As a scientist, she does not limit her research to a single focus, instead, she works on the entire process from material selection, device design, processing, and manufacturing, all the way to product application. She has a strong passion for education, a commitment unwavered by fame or fortune. For her students, she is both a reliable source of knowledge and a motherly figure with a caring heart. She firmly believes that all things in nature can give her energy and inspiration. In science, she is a true “pioneer” in research and a “miner” of scientific discoveries. She advises young scientists to enjoy and love what they do, and turn their research into their hobby. As a female scientist, she calls on all women to realize their true value and potential. Next, let’s hear from Professor Manijeh Razeghi, a true star who radiates energy and light.
Entangled photons enabled ultrafast stimulated Raman spectroscopy for molecular dynamics
Authors: Fan Jiahao Joel , Ou Zhe-Yu , Zhang Zhedong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractQuantum entanglement has emerged as a great resource for studying the interactions between molecules and radiation. We propose a new scheme of stimulated Raman scattering with entangled photons. A quantum ultrafast Raman spectroscopy is developed for condensed-phase molecules, to monitor the exciton populations and coherences. Analytic results are obtained, showing an entanglement-enabled time-frequency scale not attainable by classical light. The Raman signal presents an unprecedented selectivity of molecular correlation functions, as a result of the Hong-Ou-Mandel interference. Our work suggests a new paradigm of using an unconventional interferometer as part of spectroscopy, with the potential to unveil advanced information about complex materials.
Inter-individual variability in neural response to low doses of LSD
Authors: Hutten Nadia R. P. W. , Quaedflieg Conny W. E. M. , Mason Natasha L. , Theunissen Eef L. , Liechti Matthias E. , Duthaler Urs , Kuypers Kim P. C. , Bonnelle Valerie , Feilding Amanda , Ramaekers Johannes G. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe repeated use of small doses of psychedelics (also referred to as “microdosing”) to facilitate benefits in mental health, cognition, and mood is a trending practice. Placebo-controlled studies however have largely failed to demonstrate strong benefits, possibly because of large inter-individual response variability. The current study tested the hypothesis that effects of low doses of LSD on arousal, attention and memory depend on an individual’s cognitive state at baseline. Healthy participants (N = 53) were randomly assigned to receive repeated doses of LSD (15 mcg) or placebo on 4 occasions divided over 2 weeks. Each treatment condition also consisted of a baseline and a 1-week follow-up visit. Neurophysiological measures of arousal (resting state EEG), pre-attentive processing (auditory oddball task), and perceptual learning and memory (visual long-term potentiation (LTP) paradigm) were assessed at baseline, dosing session 1 and 4, and follow-up. LSD produced stimulatory effects as reflected by a reduction in resting state EEG delta, theta, and alpha power, and enhanced pre-attentive processing during the acute dosing sessions. LSD also blunted the induction of LTP on dosing session 4. Stimulatory effects of LSD were strongest in individuals with low arousal and attention at baseline, while inhibitory effects were strongest in high memory performers at baseline. Decrements in delta EEG power and enhanced pre-attentive processing in the LSD treatment condition were still present during the 1-week follow-up. The current study demonstrates across three cognitive domains, that acute responses to low doses of LSD depend on the baseline state and provides some support for LSD induced neuroadaptations that sustain beyond treatment.
Genomic and single-cell analyses reveal genetic signatures of swimming pattern and diapause strategy in jellyfish
Authors: Dong Zhijun , Wang Fanghan , Liu Yali , Li Yongxue , Yu Haiyan , Peng Saijun , Sun Tingting , Qu Meng , Sun Ke , Wang Lei , Ma Yuanqing , Chen Kai , Zhao Jianmin , Lin Qiang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractJellyfish exhibit innovative swimming patterns that contribute to exploring the origins of animal locomotion. However, the genetic and cellular basis of these patterns remains unclear. Herein, we generated chromosome-level genome assemblies of two jellyfish species, Turritopsis rubra and Aurelia coerulea, which exhibit straight and free-swimming patterns, respectively. We observe positive selection of numerous genes involved in statolith formation, hair cell ciliogenesis, ciliary motility, and motor neuron function. The lineage-specific absence of otolith morphogenesis- and ciliary movement-related genes in T. rubra may be associated with homeostatic structural statocyst loss and straight swimming pattern. Notably, single-cell transcriptomic analyses covering key developmental stages reveal the enrichment of diapause-related genes in the cyst during reverse development, suggesting that the sustained diapause state favours the development of new polyps under favourable conditions. This study highlights the complex relationship between genetics, locomotion patterns and survival strategies in jellyfish, thereby providing valuable insights into the evolutionary lineages of movement and adaptation in the animal kingdom.