bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Markets and Public Goods: Integrity, Trust, and Climate Change
Authors: Offer Avner 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPublic goods are an anomaly in neoclassical economics, a form of ‘market failure’. They exist outside the efficient and equitable optimality of market exchange. It can be shown however that competitive markets are only efficient in short product cycles. Long-term objectives require social support. Corruption arises from the consequent private public interaction. Integrity, the absence of corruption, is a public good. Corruption has risen since the 1980s with privatization and outsourcing. How did European governments become honest in the first place? In the century after the 1770s, they moved from regarding public office as a form of private property to a conception of serving the public good. This integrity revolution was facilitated by Weberian bureaucracies, selected by academic merit and committed to impartiality by long-term incentives. The neoliberal revolution of the 1980s regarded bureaucracies as obstructive and slow. It admired the business corporation with its opaque procedures and charismatic leadership. Concurrently economics moved from neoclassical harmony theory to an asymmetric information model of ‘opportunism with guile’, providing doctrinal legitimacy for corruption. Corporate advertising is deliberately deceptive, and undermines the public good of trustworthiness. Digital platforms, powered by advertising, have subverted public discourse. Misinformation and disinformation have become prime risk factors for current societies. The practical operation of markets undermines the public goods of integrity and trustworthiness. The public good of a habitable climate cannot be achieved by market methods. For long-term payoffs, ‘free markets’ are a harmful delusion, inefficient, corrupt, impossible to achieve, and not sustainable.
Uniform Metric Graphs
Authors: Herron David A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe prove that every complete metric space “is” the boundary of a uniform length space whose quasihyperbolization is a geodesic visual Gromov hyperbolic space. There is a natural quasimöbius identification of the original space’s conformal gauge with the canonical gauge on the Gromov boundary. All parameters are absolute constants.
Characterization of the Aluminium-Based Metal Foam Properties for Automotive Applications
Authors: Salins Sampath Suranjan , Kumar Shiva , Shetty Sawan , Sachidananda H. K. , Khan Mohammad Shayan Asjad 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMetal foams are solids where the gas is filled inside uniformly in the metal matrix. Blowing agent supplies air inside the parent metal, and metal foam has emerged to be a promising material because of its low density, high absorption capacity, low thermal conductivity and high strength which finds its huge applications in automobile components. The present work deals with the application of the aluminium metal foam with different densities 200 and 400 kg/m3 in automobiles. Various tests such as toughness, hardness, bending and compression are carried out for four chosen densities, and the values are compared with the aluminium base metal. The result showed that the hardness value increased significantly by 24.48% with the rise in the density from 200 to 400 kg/m3. Maximum modulus of resilience for the low-density specimen is found to be 2.21 MJ/m3. Surface topography showed irregular pore shapes with discontinuity, resulting in a loss of cell integrity with the neighbouring cell walls. This affected the performance of the foam significantly. Thermal experiments were carried out to determine the thermal conductivity where thermal conductivity increased by 122% with the rise in the density from 200 to 400 kg/m3. Based on the results, it is concluded that aluminium foam with density 400 kg/m3 can be recommended for use in automobile applications due to its lightweight properties, which contribute to improving fuel efficiency, impact absorption capacity and the vehicle’s speed. Additionally, the air trapped within the foam cells serves as a sound barrier and insulator in cars.
Pre-operative Decision Making in Adhesive Small Bowel Obstructions
Authors: Terzian W. T. Hillman , Carmichael Samuel P. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
The goal of this paper was to evaluate contemporary trends in the work-up and management of adhesive small bowel obstructions (ASBOs). The water-soluble contrast challenge (WSCC) has become the standard of care for differentiating non-operative from operative ASBOs, however there is significant variability among institutions regarding the timing of nasogastric decompression before initiating the study as well as the amount of contrast to be used and the length of time that should be allowed to pass before it is decided that a patient has “failed” the WSCC.

Recent Findings
The latest findings include evidence that the duration of nasogastric decompression necessary to perform a WSCC may be as short as two hours, however most institutions still practice a longer decompression period. We also present data that suggests that while the original Bologna guidelines suggested a safe window of non-operative management between three and five days for the WSCC to occur, it is possible that those patients who take over eight hours of contrast transit time to pass the WSCC have a higher likelihood of one-year ASBO recurrence and should be considered for operative intervention, even if contrast eventually makes it to their colon.

Summary
We offer an evidence-based standardized approach to administering the WSCC.
Integrating oral and social factors in individual caries risk assessments in preschool children—a registry-based study
Authors: Hultquist A. I. , Levinsson A. , Robertson A. , Sabel N. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the predictive ability of individual Caries Risk Assessments (CRA) regarding oral factors supplemented with social factors in relation to caries outcome in preschool children. Furthermore, to assess various models of CRA with oral and social factors included, aiming to identify the most suitable models for different age groups.

Methods
The design is a retrospective registry-based cohort study. Children visiting the dentists at ages 3 and 6 years were included. Data on oral and social factors were obtained from dental records, the Swedish Quality register for caries and periodontitis (SKaPa), and Statistics Sweden (SCB).
Various models of CRA were designed, combining oral and social factors. Models were analyzed with univariable associations using simple logistic regression, and the results were presented as odds ratios (ORs). In addition, models were analyzed with area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC). Pairwise comparisons were conducted by DeLong’s test, with p < 0.05 considered significant.

Result
Oral factors were the most significant for caries outcome (OR 9.6), followed by social factors: foreign background (OR 4.6), low income (OR 2.83), low education of the mother (OR 2.77), single-parent family (OR 2.11), and having ≥ 3 siblings (OR 1.71), (p < 0.01).
The predictive ability of CRA improved when models combining oral and social factors were used, compaired to CRA based solely on oral factors (p < 0.05). An increase of up to 15% was seen when CRA was conducted closer to the outcome.

Conclusion
Models for Caries Risk Assessment including oral and social factors increase the predictive ability. Caries Risk Assessment has limited durability.
Unbalanced circulating Humanin levels and cardiovascular risk in chronic hemodialysis patients: a pilot, prospective study
Authors: Bolignano Davide , Greco Marta , Presta Pierangela , Duni Anila , Zicarelli Mariateresa , Mercuri Simone , Pappas Efthymios , Lakkas Lampros , Musolino Michela , Naka Katerina K. , Pugliese Sara , Misiti Roberta , Foti Daniela Patrizia , Andreucci Michele , Coppolino Giuseppe , Dounousi Evangelia 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Mortality and cardiovascular (CV) risk prediction in individuals with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) on chronic hemodialysis (HD) remains challenging due to the multitude of implicated factors. In a multicenter ESKD-HD cohort, we tested the prognostic yield of the assessment of circulating Humanin, a small mitochondrial-derived peptide involved in CV protection, on CV events and mortality.

Methods
We conducted a prospective, observational, pilot study on 94 prevalent HD patients. The prognostic capacity of circulating Humanin levels was tested on a primary composite (all-cause mortality + non-fatal CV events) and a secondary exploratory endpoint (all-cause mortality alone).

Results
Baseline Humanin level was comparable in patients reaching the primary or secondary endpoint as compared to others (p = 0.69 and 0.76, respectively). Unadjusted followed by multivariable Cox regression analyses adjusted for age, left ventricular mass index (LVMi), E/e’, pulse pressure and diabetes mellitus indicated a non-linear relationship between Humanin levels and the composite outcome with the highest Hazard Ratio (HR) associated with very low (< 450.7 pg/mL; HR ranging from 4.25 to 2.49) and very high (> 759.5 pg/mL; HR ranging from 5.84 to 4.50) Humanin values. Restricted cubic splines fitting univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses visually confirmed a curvilinear trend with an increasing risk observed for lower and higher Humanin values around the median, respectively. A similar, u-shaped association was also evidenced with the secondary endpoint.

Conclusions
Altered Humanin levels may impart prognostic information in ESKD-HD patients at risk of death or CV events. Future investigations are needed to confirm whether Humanin measurement could improve CV and mortality risk prediction beyond traditional risk models.

Graphical abstract
Algebraic aspects of holomorphic quantum modular forms
Authors: An Ni , Garoufalidis Stavros , Li Shana Yunsheng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMatrix-valued holomorphic quantum modular forms are intricate objects associated to 3-manifolds (in particular to knot complements) that arise in successive refinements of the volume conjecture of knots and involve three holomorphic, asymptotic and arithmetic realizations. It is expected that the algebraic properties of these objects can be deduced from the algebraic properties of descendant state integrals, and we illustrate this for the case of the $$(-2,3,7)$$

(
-
2
,
3
,
7
)

-pretzel knot.
Solving Investors’ Problems with Access to Evidence in Damages Litigation: Suggestions for a Future Issuer Liability Regime
Authors: Yli-Kankahila Heidi M. K. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPrivate enforcement’s role in the European secondary securities market is narrow. Issuer companies’ civil liability for violations of the inside information disclosure obligation is no exception. While trying to avoid the shadow of the US class action institution, European scholarship has long explored ways to increase the role of private enforcement in the securities market. Harmonising issuer liability is one of the suggestions to create a more prominent role for private enforcement. Even though harmonising issuer liability would be a welcome option for legal certainty and investor protection, it seems unlikely to happen in the near future. As an initial step towards potential harmonisation, this article analyses credit rating agencies’ (CRAs) liability and liability for competition law violations from the viewpoint of information asymmetry in litigation. It evaluates whether the legislative solutions in the CRA III Regulation and the Competition Damages Directive regarding plaintiffs’ access to evidence could be used as models for a potential issuer liability regime. The article finds that the choices made in the Competition Damages Directive could serve as viable models for issuer liability. The provisions in that Directive solve the information asymmetry between the plaintiff and the defendant by granting the plaintiff access to evidence in litigation through a court order.
Prospects of Justice for Cellular Agriculture: A just Transition or Reinvesting in Unsustainability?
Authors: Moritz Jana , Mazac Rachel , Ueta Mariana Hase , Räty Niko , Tuomisto Hanna L. , Ryynänen Toni 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTransformation in food systems poses new opportunities for improving environmental sustainability and reducing the use of farmed animals. Discussions about transforming current food systems have been centered mostly on replacing animal source proteins with plant-based alternatives and about how to minimize food waste and loss. Products from cellular agriculture are part of a novel food transition and are presented as new, sustainable alternatives for animal source proteins. However, justice and equity narratives in food system transition discussions concerning cellular agriculture are rare. The aim of this study is to address how cellular agriculture may contribute to a just food system transition and to evaluate the prospects of such foods on this planet by reviewing narratives of cellular agriculture in 36 scientific articles. The data were analyzed using a justice transition framework. The results show that cellular agriculture has a potential to contribute to improving environmental sustainability if developers take justice into account as an important factor. Concerns are that cellular agriculture has the potential to be an exclusive food and may introduce regional variances exacerbating inequalities within the food system. We contribute to the discussion of just food system transitions by highlighting the importance of justice considerations in the context of cellular agriculture. Key aspects include the need for fair distribution along the value chain, global access to cellular agriculture benefits, and the recognition of social transformations in technological solutions. Additionally, transparent decision-making, open data access, and capacity building for stakeholders emerge as critical elements for fostering equitable and sustainable development in cellular agriculture.
Rethinking urban spatial planning and industrial development approaches in Ethiopia: bridging gaps for better outcomes
Authors: Tanku Melaku 
Published: August 2024

AbstractUrbanization is occurring at an unprecedented rate in developing countries like Ethiopia, especially with the rapid growth of industrialization. However, this urbanization and industrial development surge puts immense pressure on preparing and implementing city spatial plans. Urban spatial planning plays a crucial role in shaping the development of cities, aiming to create livable and sustainable urban development. The plan-making process and its subsequent implementation often encounter challenges that hinder the realization of planned objectives. Galan and Dukem, cities near Addis Ababa’s capital, have seen substantial industrial investment in recent decades. This article explores the challenges associated with urban spatial planning and industrial development while proposing alternative approaches. The paper relies on information gathered from primary and secondary sources, including expert surveys and key informants’ interviews. The research highlights that industrial developments have led to significant and uncontrolled changes in urban land use and urbanization in the study areas. Due to the lack of clear planning guidelines and institutional capacity, the study cities are experiencing haphazard development without effective urban spatial plans. Proximity to Addis Ababa has driven the urbanization process through increased investments. The article contends that effective management of urbanization and industrialization can create enjoyable living conditions and foster job growth. Macroeconomic policies, including industrial policies, should pay attention to spatial elements and prevent policy-making processes that are “space-blind”. This, however, requires clairvoyance and a high level of expertise, integrating inputs from advocacy planning and community participation to bridge gaps and ensure effective urban spatial plans and industrialization processes.
Flow trigger setting in mechanically ventilated neonates, children and adults: a scoping review
Authors: Blokpoel Robert G. T. , Koopman A. A. , Kneyber Martin C. J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAfter the introduction of flow triggering in mechanically ventilated patients, improved patient-ventilator interaction and less effort to trigger the ventilator has been reported. However limited evidence is available for setting the optimal flow trigger sensitivity, preventing auto-triggering or ineffective triggering and reducing patients’ effort to trigger the ventilator. Our objective was to map the use of flow trigger setting in mechanically ventilated patients, and to examine the relationship between flow trigger setting and occurrence of auto-triggering, ineffective triggering, and patients’ effort to trigger the ventilator, and to examine the relationship with patient outcome. A search was performed in MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Full text articles were reviewed after screening title and abstracts. Articles were included if there was any information provided regarding the occurrence of auto-triggering, ineffective triggering, breathing effort to trigger the ventilator related to any specific flow trigger sensitivity. Key findings were that evidence regarding the optimal flow trigger sensitivity in (preterm) neonates, children and mechanically ventilated adults is scarce. Setting the optimal flow trigger sensitivity preventing auto-triggering or ineffective triggering is based upon not supported by scientific evidence but rather based on institutional preferences. The occurrence of auto-triggering and ineffective triggering was strongly variable, and independent of the flow trigger level. An increase in effort to trigger the ventilator appeared to be dependent of respiratory dynamics instead of flow trigger sensitivity. No relation between flow trigger setting and clinical outcome could be identified.
Sleep disturbance and cognition in the elderly: a narrative review
Authors: Ni Yuanbo , Yu Min , Liu Cunming 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSleep is an essential physiological process that promotes physical recovery and helps consolidate learning and memory. Common manifestations of sleep disturbances include insomnia, hypersomnia, circadian rhythm disorders, and parasomnias, all of which impair cognitive function, particularly in the elderly. Cognitive impairment is a significant factor that threatens the quality of life in the elderly, and there is currently no effective treatment for conditions such as dementia. The relationship between sleep and cognition is complex. Studies have shown that sleep disorders adversely affect cognitive function and increase the incidence of cognitive decline. This article focuses on sleep disturbances and their effects on the cognition of the elderly by reviewing research conducted over the past 20 years and describing potential mechanisms. Additionally, we explore the relationship between sleep and cognition during the perioperative period, aiming to identify strategies for optimizing perioperative sleep quality. We believe this review provides a deeper understanding of the association between sleep and cognition and offers a new perspective for perioperative management.
Advancement with digital microfluidic biochips towards sustainability and secured outcome: a comprehensive survey on specific design metrics
Authors: Majumdar Ritwika , Datta Piyali , Chowdhury Sagarika , Pal Rajat Kumar 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDigital Microfluidic Biochips belong to the emerging technologies in healthcare as they provide bioassay results with high precision while demanding very little amount of samples, space, and cost. To lessen resource-cost burden on this highly effective platform, pin-constrained biochips with broadcast pin addressing technique and cross-referencing biochips have attained the highest popularity among all since they demand a reduced number of pins. However, biochips that use clique-partitioning based broadcast addressing scheme suffer from many reliability, design, and security related issues. Another important pin count reduction method is cross-referencing, which also inherently possesses several design issues. In recent years, MEDA biochips have become vastly popular due to its capability of handling variable sized droplets and fine-grained droplet sensing. MEDA biochips also face several reliability and security issues. In this survey, we have included all state-of-the-art design opportunities, challenges, and the methods dealing with the reliability and security issues of broadcast addressing, MEDA, and direct addressing biochips. The comparison between the pin reduction schemes is also depicted. Finally, the possible future directions and research openings are provided.
Mining microbial and metabolic dark matter in extreme environments: a roadmap for harnessing the power of multi-omics data
Authors: Han Jia-Rui , Li Shuai , Li Wen-Jun , Dong Lei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractExtreme environments such as hyperarid, hypersaline, hyperthermal environments, and the deep sea harbor diverse microbial communities, which are specially adapted to extreme conditions and are known as extremophiles. These extremophilic organisms have developed unique survival strategies, making them ideal models for studying microbial diversity, evolution, and adaptation to adversity. They also play critical roles in biogeochemical cycles. Additionally, extremophiles often produce novel bioactive compounds in response to corresponding challenging environments. Recent advances in technologies, including genomic sequencing and untargeted metabolomic analysis, have significantly enhanced our understanding of microbial diversity, ecology, evolution, and the genetic and physiological characteristics in extremophiles. The integration of advanced multi-omics technologies into culture-dependent research has notably improved the efficiency, providing valuable insights into the physiological functions and biosynthetic capacities of extremophiles. The vast untapped microbial resources in extreme environments present substantial opportunities for discovering novel natural products and advancing our knowledge of microbial ecology and evolution. This review highlights the current research status on extremophilic microbiomes, focusing on microbial diversity, ecological roles, isolation and cultivation strategies, and the exploration of their biosynthetic potential. Moreover, we emphasize the importance and potential of discovering more strain resources and metabolites, which would be boosted greatly by harnessing the power of multi-omics data.