bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in students' perceptions of their dental education environment
Authors: Kang I. , Foster Page L. A. , Anderson V. R. , Thomson W. M. , Broadbent J. M. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractObjectivesTo examine the ‘Expected’ and ‘Actual’ educational environment experienced by a cohort of Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS) students at the University of Otago's Faculty of Dentistry using the Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure (DREEM).MethodsCohort members were asked to complete five DREEM surveys over the four‐year BDS programme. Student expectations at the beginning of their first year were assessed using a modified version of the DREEM questionnaire, while following (standard) DREEM questionnaires at the end of each professional year addressed students' ‘Actual’ perception of the educational environment.ResultsSixty‐six students (99%) completed at least one questionnaire. Overall, the BDS students' perceptions of their educational environment tended to be positive and students identified both perceived strengths and weaknesses in the BDS programme. However, more negative than positive shifts were reported between the ‘Expected’ and ‘Actual’ individual DREEM individual items, suggesting that BDS students initially expected more from their educational environment than they actually experienced. Individual DREEM outcomes undergoing negative and positive shifts differed over the years and varied in number. These may be explained, in part, by changes in the curriculum focus from year to year.ConclusionThe students' changing DREEM responses over time revealed anticipated and perceived strengths and weaknesses of the BDS curriculum, as well as shifts in students' perceptions in response to curricular changes. However, our findings highlight the potential usefulness for dental education of a measure for use that takes the unique aspects of the dental education environment into account.
Activation‐induced cytidine deaminase regulates activity‐dependent BDNF expression in post‐mitotic cortical neurons
Authors: Ratnu Vikram S. , Wei Wei , Bredy Timothy W. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractActivity‐dependent gene expression depends, in part, on transcriptional regulation that is coordinated by rapid changes in the chromatin landscape as well as the covalent modification of DNA. Here we demonstrate that the expression of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a gene that is critically involved in neural plasticity and subject to epigenetic regulation, is regulated by the RNA/DNA editing enzyme, activation‐induced cytidine deaminase (AID). Similar to previous reports, we observed an activity‐dependent induction of BDNF exon IV mRNA expression, which correlated with a reduction in DNA methylation within the BDNF P4 promoter. Lentiviral‐mediated knockdown of AID disrupted these effects and inhibited BDNF exon IV mRNA expression, an effect that was associated with decreased cAMP response element‐binding protein occupancy within the BDNF P4 promoter. Thus, together with other epigenetic mechanisms, AID plays a key role in regulating activity‐dependent BDNF expression in post‐mitotic cortical neurons.
The intrinsically disordered structural platform of the plant defence hub protein RPM1‐interacting protein 4 provides insights into its mode of action in the host‐pathogen interface and evolution of the nitrate‐induced domain protein family
Authors: Sun Xiaolin , Greenwood David R. , Templeton Matthew D. , Libich David S. , McGhie Tony K. , Xue Bin , Yoon Minsoo , Cui Wei , Kirk Christopher A. , Jones William T. , Uversky Vladimir N. , Rikkerink Erik H. A. 
Published: July 2014

Arabidopsis thaliana (At) RPM1‐interacting protein 4 (RIN4), targeted by many defence‐suppressing bacterial type III effectors and monitored by several resistance proteins, regulates plant immune responses to pathogen‐associated molecular patterns and type III effectors. Little is known about the overall protein structure of AtRIN4, especially in its unbound form, and the relevance of structure to its diverse biological functions. AtRIN4 contains two nitrate‐induced (NOI) domains and is a member of the NOI family. Using experimental and bioinformatic approaches, we demonstrate that the unbound AtRIN4 is intrinsically disordered under physiological conditions. The intrinsically disordered polypeptide chain of AtRIN4 is interspersed with molecular recognition features (MoRFs) and anchor‐identified long‐binding regions, potentially allowing it to undergo disorder‐to‐order transitions upon binding to partner(s). A poly‐l‐proline II structure, often responsible for protein recognition, is also identified in AtRIN4. By performing bioinformatics analyses on RIN4 homologues from different plant species and the NOI proteins from Arabidopsis, we infer the conservation of intrinsic disorder, MoRFs and long‐binding regions of AtRIN4 in other plant species and the NOI family. Intrinsic disorder and MoRFs could provide RIN4 proteins with the binding promiscuity and plasticity required to act as hubs in a pivotal position within plant defence signalling cascades.
The Declining Role of NASDAQ Market Makers
Authors: Egginton Jared 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe compare the liquidity providing behavior of NASDAQ market makers in 2010 to their behavior in 2004. We examine how frequently market makers are at the inside quote, what market and stock specific factors influence market makers’ behavior, and the relation between market maker participation and intraday bid‐ask spread patterns. We observe a decrease in the percent of the trading day dealers’ quote at the inside, a decline in the number of market makers, and a decrease in the influence market makers have on intraday spread patterns. The results suggest that the role of NASDAQ market makers declines over time.
Order Flows and Stock Returns: Compensation for Market Makers with Inventory Concerns
Authors: Kang Moonsoo , Lee Bong‐Soo 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe investigate whether market makers with inventory concerns are compensated with subsequent monthly returns in the cross‐section. We find a significant negative relation between order flows and monthly returns, “the order flow effect,” suggesting that market makers lower prices for stocks with sell order flows and demand a reward in the form of higher expected returns. Further, the order flow effect is stronger for high‐volatility or high‐volume stocks for which market makers have serious inventory concerns. Funding liquidity of market makers also affects the order flow effect. Finally, our finding is independent of existing regularities and robust to the decimalization.
The Flash Crash: Trading Aggressiveness, Liquidity Supply, and the Impact of Intermarket Sweep Orders
Authors: McInish Tom , Upson James , Wood Robert A. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractDuring the Flash Crash on May 6, 2010, a short period of high stock market volatility, some stock prices declined to $0.01, while others increased to $100,000. Examining Intermarket Sweep Orders (ISOs) before, on, and after May 6, we find that ISO use is substantially higher on May 6. For those stocks whose prices fell the most, over 65% of the sell volume comes from ISOs. During the price recovery period for these stocks, about 53% of the buy volume comes from ISOs. We believe that the unusual behavior of ISOs contributed to the sudden drop and recovery of the market.
Patient data meta‐analysis of Post‐Authorization Safety Surveillance (PASS) studies of haemophilia A patients treated with rAHF‐PFM
Authors: Iorio A. , Marcucci M. , Cheng J. , Oldenburg J. , Schoenig‐Diesing C. , Matovinovic E. , Romanov V. , Thabane L. 
Published: July 2014

SummaryA Post‐Authorization Safety Study (PASS) global program was designed to assess safety and effectiveness of rAHF‐PFM (ADVATE) use in haemophilia patients in routine clinical settings. The main aim of this project was to estimate the rate of inhibitors and other adverse events across ADVATE‐PASS studies by meta‐analysing individual patient data (IPD). Eligible Studies: PASS studies conducted in different countries, between 2003 and 2013, for which IPD were provided. Eligible patients: haemophilia A patients with baseline FVIII:C < 5%, with a known number of prior exposure days (EDs). Primary outcome: de novo inhibitors in severe, previously treated patients (PTPs) with > 150 EDs. Secondary outcomes: de novo inhibitors according to prior exposure and disease severity; other adverse events; annualized bleeding rate (ABR). Analysis: random‐effects logistic regression. Five of seven registered ADVATE‐PASS (Australia, Europe, Japan, Italy and USA) and 1188 patients were included (median follow‐up 384 days). Among severe PTPs with > 150 EDs, 1/669 developed de novo inhibitors (1.5 per 1000; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.2, 10.6 per 1000). Among all patients included in the PASS studies, 21 developed any type of inhibitors (2.0%, 95% CI: 0.8%, 4.7%). Less than 1% of patients presented with other serious adverse events possibly related to ADVATE. The overall median ABR was 3.83 bleeds/year (first, third quartiles: 0.60, 12.90); 1.66 (0, 4.78) in the 557 patients continuously on prophylaxis ≥ twice/week. Meta‐analysing PASS data from different countries confirmed the overall favourable safety and effectiveness profile of ADVATE in routine clinical settings.
Immunohistochemical application of a highly sensitive and specific murine monoclonal antibody recognising the extracellular domain of the human hepatocyte growth factor receptor (MET)
Authors: Gruver Aaron M , Liu Ling , Vaillancourt Peter , Yan Sau‐Chi B , Cook Joel D , Roseberry Baker Jessica A , Felke Erin M , Lacy Megan E , Marchal Christophe C , Szpurka Hadrian , Holzer Timothy R. , Rhoads Emily K , Zeng Wei , Wortinger Mark A , Lu Jirong , Chow Chi‐kin , Denning Irene J , Beuerlein Gregory , Davies Julian , Hanson Jeff C , Credille Kelly M , Wijayawardana Sameera R , Schade Andrew E 
Published: July 2014

AimsDevelopment of novel targeted therapies directed against hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) or its receptor (MET) necessitates the availability of quality diagnostics to facilitate their safe and effective use. Limitations of some commercially available anti‐MET antibodies have prompted development of the highly sensitive and specific clone A2H2‐3. Here we report its analytical properties when applied by an automated immunohistochemistry method.Methods and resultsExcellent antibody specificity was demonstrated by immunoblot, ELISA, and IHC evaluation of characterised cell lines including NIH3T3 overexpressing the related kinase MST1R (RON). Sensitivity was confirmed by measurements of MET in cell lines or characterised tissues. IHC correlated well with FISH and quantitative RT‐PCR assessments of MET (P < 0.001). Good total agreement (89%) was observed with the anti‐MET antibody clone SP44 using whole‐tissue sections, but poor positive agreement (21–47%) was seen in tissue microarray cores. Multiple lots displayed appropriate reproducibility (R2 > 0.9). Prevalence of MET positivity by IHC was higher in non‐squamous cell NSCLC, MET or EGFR amplified cases, and in tumours harbouring abnormalities in EGFR exon 19 or 21.ConclusionsThe anti‐MET antibody clone A2H2‐3 displays excellent specificity and sensitivity. These properties make it suitable for clinical trial investigations and development as a potential companion diagnostic.
Protein Secondary Structure Changes of Watermelon Juice Treated with High Hydrostatic Pressure by FTIR Spectroscopy
Authors: Liu Qing , Wang Ru‐Fu , Zhang Bo‐Bo , Zhao Xiao‐Yan , Wang Dan , Zhang Chao 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWatermelon (Citrullus lanatus) is rich in nutrients, such as lycopene, ascorbic acid and amino acids. It also has effect on thirst quenching, diuretic action and lowering the blood pressure. Traditional thermal sterilization will destroy the active ingredient of watermelon juice and lead to an odd smell, which seriously affects the sensory juice quality and the acceptability of consumers. High hydrostatic pressure (HHP), a nonthermal processing technology, can realize food sterilization process at room temperature or lower temperature. This study aims to study the HHP effect on protein secondary structure of watermelon juice. Crude protein of the treatment group was extracted after the HPP device treatment. Different degree, time, temperature and interval frequency of HHP were imposed on the watermelon juice protein, followed by characterization of the protein secondary structure of watermelon juice by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The absorption of protein in watermelon juice decreased with the pressure of higher degree, longer time, higher temperature and more interval frequency. The α‐helix content became lower after treatment; and β‐sheet level was decreased while random coil increased after 400 MPa treatments for 20, 40 and 60 min compared with control. The trends of β‐turn values changed variously in different treatment groups. HHP treatment can change the secondary structures of proteins and affect the content of α‐helix with higher degree of HHP, longer time, higher temperature and more interval frequency.Practical ApplicationsThis study pays attention on the proper sterilization for watermelon juice products. HHP treatment on watermelon juice at a condition of 400 MPa, 30C for twice interval of 10 min may be the best choice. Under this condition, HHP treatment performs better inactivation effects on endogenous enzymes and lead to relatively less adverse effects on flavor of products.
Nonenzymatic Browning Criteria to Sea Buckthorn Juice during Thermal Processing
Authors: Xu Honggao , Hao Qinfeng , Yuan Fang , Gao Yanxiang 
Published: July 2014

AbstractNonenzymatic browning reaction is responsible for color and quality changes of fruit juices during thermal processing, and reasonable criteria are crucially important for establishing good manufacturing practice. The nonenzymatic browning criteria of thermally treated sea buckthorn juice from 90 to 120C, i.e., the absorbance at 420 nm (A420nm) and color difference (ΔE*), were investigated. The values of L*, a*, b* and the content of ascorbic acid of sea buckthorn juice during thermal treatment could be fitted to first‐order kinetics, while the formation of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (5‐HMF) followed a zero‐order kinetics. The changes of ΔE* and A420nm could be estimated by integrated models. The thermal processing parameters for sea buckthorn juice were optimized using kinetic models with low level of 5‐HMF and high content of ascorbic acid, and it was found that the thermal processing should be performed at 110C for 0.585 min. Estimation of the activation energy showed that A420nm could be a reasonable indicator for evaluating the nonenzymatic browning of thermally processed sea buckthorn juice from 90 to 110C and ΔE* could be a valuable index at 120C.Practical ApplicationsFor fruit juice (puree) processing, optimal parameters are critically important to manufacture products with high quality. During thermal processing, vitamin C degradation, 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural accumulation and nonenzymatic browning occur simultaneously. The high quality includes the high vitamin content, the favorable appearance, the smallest color difference between raw material and final product, etc. This article discussed color changes of sea buckthorn juice, a superfruit juice specialized in high vitamin C content and low pH value, during thermal sterilization. Absorbance at 420 nm (A420nm) and color differences (ΔE*), two indicators in controlling nonenzymatic browning during juice processing, were evaluated with kinetic models and used to optimize the thermal processing. Furthermore, the activation energy calculation of A420nm and ΔE* revealed the reasonable criteria on juice quality controlling. All the quality control criteria in this paper showed a guideline of quality control in practical juice manufacturing.
New Cause of Spoilage in San Daniele Dry Cured Ham
Authors: Comi Giuseppe , Manzano Marisa , Brichese Romina , Iacumin Lucilla 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe aim of this work was to investigate the microorganisms and their metabolites that caused the off‐flavour and off‐odor in a lot of San Daniele dry cured ham. The defect was observed using the “needle probing” technique, and the products affected by this defect have been classified in the lowest quality category and have been removed from the San Daniele dry cured ham Protected Denomination of Origin system. A group of molds including Penicillium chrysogenum, P. viridicatum, P. auriantiogriseum, P. nalgiovense and Aspergillus candidus grew on the aitchbone and produced volatile nitrogen and acetic acid, resulting in the ammoniac and vinegar odor of the hams. This is the first description of this type of defect at the level of the aitchbone.Practical ApplicationThe growth of molds on the aitchbone can spoil the San Daniele dry cured hams. The molds grew because of the high relative humidity in the ripening room (>80%). The control of the relative humidity (<70%) can eliminate the mold growth and consequently the spoilage.
Clinical utility of locally‐delivered collagen‐based biodegradable tetracycline fibers in periodontal therapy: an in vivo study
Authors: Khan Fayiza Yaqoob , Jan Suhail Majid , Mushtaq Mubashir 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAimThe purpose of the present investigation was to evaluate and compare the efficacy of resorbable collagen‐based tetracycline fibers (Periodontal Plus AB fibers) given as an adjunct to scaling and root planing, with the clinical effects of scaling and root planning delivered as a monotherapy, in the treatment of chronic periodontitis.MethodsA split‐mouth design was used to conduct this study. Forty patients with periodontal pockets ranging from ≥5 mm to ≤7 mm, with minimum of two sites in two non‐adjacent quadrants, were selected for the study. The treatment sites in each patient were randomly divided into the control and experimental groups. All of the selected sites were treated with scaling and root planning, and then collagen‐based resorbable tetracycline fibers were placed adjunctively in the experimental sites at the same visit. Baseline and follow‐up measurements in both treatment groups included plaque index, sulcus bleeding index, probing pocket depth, and relative attachment level.ResultsAlthough significant clinical benefits were obtained in both treatment groups, the adjunctive antimicrobial use of tetracycline fibers demonstrated better results compared to the control group over the 3‐month observational period.ConclusionsThe delivery of antimicrobial agent tetracycline in a collagen matrix was found to improve the benefits of scaling and root planing by a larger magnitude in patients with moderate‐to‐deep pockets.
Clinical and microbiological effects of systemic azithromycin in adjunct to nonsurgical periodontal therapy in treatment of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans associated periodontitis: a randomized placebo‐controlled clinical trial
Authors: Martande Santosh S. , Pradeep Avani R. , Singh Sonender P. , Kumari Minal , Naik Savitha B. , Suke Deepak Kumar , Singh Priyanka 
Published: July 2014

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate clinical and microbiological effects of systemic azithromycin (AZM) in adjunct to nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT; or scaling root planing – SRP) in treatment of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans associated periodontitis (AAAP).Methods and materialsSeventy individuals with moderate to severe periodontitis and subgingival detection of A. actinomycetemcomitans were randomly allocated to two groups. Thirty‐five individuals were allocated to full mouth SRP+AZM (500 mg oral delivery (OD) × 3 days) while 35 individuals were allocated to SRP+Placebo (OD × 3 days) group. The clinical variables evaluated were probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), and percent bleeding on probing sites (%BOP), while microbiologic variables included percentage of subjects positive for A. actinomycetemcomitans at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months.ResultsThe AZM group showed statistically significant reduction in mean PD (2.91 ± 0.88 mm) as compared to placebo (1.51 ± 0.98 mm) (P < 0.001), while CAL gain was significant in the AZM group (2.71 ± 1.15 mm) as compared to the placebo group (1.71 ± 1.29 mm) (P < 0.001). There was also a statistically significant reduction in the number of subjects positive for A. actinomycetemcomitans in the AZM group (P < 0.0001).ConclusionAzithromycin was found to significantly improve the clinical and microbiological parameters in AAAP individuals.
Hepatic abscesses in five outdoor‐housed rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)
Authors: Johnson A.L. , Ducore R.M. , Colgin L.M. , Lewis A.D. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractHepatic abscesses are uncommon in non‐human primates and usually occur as multifocal microabscesses originating from bacteremia. Necropsy, histopathology, and bacterial cultures were performed on five subadult to adult female rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) that died spontaneously. Necropsy findings included cavitating abscesses in the right central liver lobe of all five animals, with intralesional plant material in four animals. This is the first report of cavitating hepatic abscesses with intralesional plant material in non‐human primates.
Recircumscription of Huperzia serrata complex in China using morphological and climatic data
Authors: SHRESTHA Nawal , ZHANG Xian‐Chun 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe Huperzia serrata (Thunb.) Trevis. complex in China includes taxonomically confusing taxa with unclear boundaries. The number of recognized taxa in this group has long been debated and with this, the group has undergone several taxonomic changes. The species circumscription of H. serrata complex in China is inadequate and unresolved and is in need of comprehensive systematic studies. To address these issues, we have attempted to infer diagnostic differences between the putative taxa and circumscribe species boundary of H. serrata complex in China using an integrative multivariate approach. Morphological characters were subjected to multivariate tests (principal component analysis, discriminant analysis, χ2‐test, cluster analysis) followed by univariate analysis of variance and Tukey's post‐hoc test. MaxEnt modeling was used to create distribution models of the species followed by niche equivalency and similarity tests. The morphometric analysis clearly separated the specimens into four distinct clusters representing H. crispata (Ching) Ching, H. nanlingensis Y. H. Yan & N. Shrestha, and two clusters of H. serrata comprising specimens from geographically isolated regions. The recognition of these four distinct taxa was supported by climatic data as well. Based on our analysis of morphological with climatic data and ecological niche modeling we recognized H. crispata, H. nanlingensis, the northern Chinese H. serrata, and the southern Chinese H. serrata as four different species. We identified the northern Chinese H. serrata as true H. serrata and the southern Chinese taxa as H. javanica. Our results, however, did not support the recognition of other infraspecific taxa previously recognized under H. serrata.
Is China More Democratic Than The US?
Authors: ANGANG HU 
Published: July 2014

Historically, liberal democracy was born as a means to curb the power of kings and tyrants through mechanisms that would ensure accountability and consent of the governed. A system of checks and balances—two legislative chambers, executive and independent courts—were instituted to ensure power did not become too concentrated.Today's highly diverse, mass consumer societies, however, have presented another set of challenges. Power is so diffused governance is becoming ineffective. The short‐term mentality of voters and the lobbying of special interests undermine the ability of democracies to focus on the long‐term and the common interest. Because there are more checks than balances, gridlock has supplanted consensus.In this section, we compare Chinese and Western systems on their ability to deliver good governance. The editors of the Economist magazine put the debate in historical context.