bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
De-novo assembly and characterization of the transcriptome of Metschnikowia fructicola reveals differences in gene expression following interaction with Penicillium digitatumand grapefruit peel
Authors: Hershkovitz Vera , Sela Noa , Taha-Salaime Leena , Liu Jia , Rafael Ginat , Kessler Clarita , Aly Radi , Levy Maggie , Wisniewski Michael , Droby Samir 
Published: March 2013

Abstract

Background
The yeast Metschnikowia fructicola is an antagonist with biological control activity against postharvest diseases of several fruits. We performed a transcriptome analysis, using RNA-Seq technology, to examine the response of M. fructicola with citrus fruit and with the postharvest pathogen, Penicillium digitatum.

Results
More than 26 million sequencing reads were assembled into 9,674 unigenes. Approximately 50% of the unigenes could be annotated based on homology matches in the NCBI database. Based on homology, sequences were annotated with a gene description, gene ontology (GO term), and clustered into functional groups. An analysis of differential expression when the yeast was interacting with the fruit vs. the pathogen revealed more than 250 genes with specific expression responses. In the antagonist-pathogen interaction, genes related to transmembrane, multidrug transport and to amino acid metabolism were induced. In the antagonist-fruit interaction, expression of genes involved in oxidative stress, iron homeostasis, zinc homeostasis, and lipid metabolism were induced. Patterns of gene expression in the two interactions were examined at the individual transcript level by quantitative real-time PCR analysis (RT-qPCR).

Conclusion
This study provides new insight into the biology of the tritrophic interactions that occur in a biocontrol system such as the use of the yeast, M. fructicola for the control of green mold on citrus caused by P. digitatum.
Post-ischemic continuous infusion of erythropoeitin enhances recovery of lost memory function after global cerebral ischemia in the rat
Authors: Undén Johan , Sjölund Carin , Länsberg John-Kalle , Wieloch Tadeusz , Ruscher Karsten , Romner Bertil 
Published: March 2013

Abstract

Background
Erythropoietin (EPO) and its covalently modified analogs are neuroprotective in various models of brain damage and disease. We investigated the effect on brain damage and memory performance, of a continuous 3-day intravenous infusion of EPO, starting 20 min after a transient 10 minute period of global cerebral ischemia in the rat.

Results
We found no effect on selective neuronal damage in the CA1 region of the hippocampus, neocortical damage and damage to the striatum assessed at 7 days after ischemia. Also, no differences were observed in sensori-motor scores between EPO treated and saline treated ischemic animals. In contrast, memory performance was significantly improved in the EPO treated group. Saline treated injured animals (n = 7) failed in a test assessing recovery of spatial memory (6/6 and 5/6), while EPO treated animals had few and none failures (0/7 and 1/7).

Conclusion
We conclude that although post-ischemic treatment with EPO is not neuroprotective in a model of cardiac arrest brain ischemia, its markedly positive effect on brain plasticity and recovery of memory function warrants consideration as treatment of cardiac arrest patients.
Waiting management at the emergency department – a grounded theory study
Authors: Burström Lena , Starrin Bengt , Engström Marie-Louise , Thulesius Hans 
Published: March 2013

Abstract

Background
An emergency department (ED) should offer timely care for acutely ill or injured persons that require the attention of specialized nurses and physicians. This study was aimed at exploring what is actually going on at an ED.

Methods
Qualitative data was collected 2009 to 2011 at one Swedish ED (ED1) with 53.000 yearly visits serving a population of 251.000. Constant comparative analysis according to classic grounded theory was applied to both focus group interviews with ED1 staff, participant observation data, and literature data. Quantitative data from ED1 and two other Swedish EDs were later analyzed and compared with the qualitative data.

Results
The main driver of the ED staff in this study was to reduce non-acceptable waiting. Signs of non-acceptable waiting are physical densification, contact seeking, and the emergence of critical situations. The staff reacts with frustration, shame, and eventually resignation when they cannot reduce non-acceptable waiting. Waiting management resolves the problems and is done either by reducing actual waiting time by increasing throughput of patient flow through structure pushing and shuffling around patients, or by changing the experience of waiting by calming patients and feinting maneuvers to cover up.

Conclusion
To manage non-acceptable waiting is a driving force behind much of the staff behavior at an ED. Waiting management is done either by increasing throughput of patient flow or by changing the waiting experience.
Responsiveness of the MOS-HIV and EQ-5D in HIV-infected adults receiving antiretroviral therapies
Authors: Wu Albert W , Hanson Kristin A , Harding Gale , Haider Seema , Tawadrous Margaret , Khachatryan Alexandra , Pashos Chris L , Simpson Kit N 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackgroundSelection of an appropriate patient-reported outcome (PRO) instrument for a clinical trial requires knowledge of the instrument’s responsiveness to detecting treatment effects. The purpose of this study was to examine the responsiveness of two health-related quality of life (HRQL) instruments used in clinical trials involving HIV-infected adults: the HIV-targeted Medical Outcomes Study HIV Health Survey (MOS-HIV), and a generic measure, the EuroQol-5D (EQ-5D).MethodsA systematic review identified clinical trials using the MOS-HIV or EQ-5D to assess outcomes for HIV-infected adults. Data abstracted from each study included study type, treatment regimen(s), PRO results, and effect size (either reported or calculated). Effect size was calculated as the difference between baseline and follow-up mean scores divided by the baseline standard deviation. Magnitude was categorized as small (d=0.20), medium (d=0.50), and large (d=0.80).ResultsBetween 2005 and 2010, the MOS-HIV was administered in 12 trials. Significant differences were observed between groups and over time in physical health summary (PHS) and mental health summary (MHS) scores (P<0.05) in subjects switching therapy after experiencing Grade-2 adverse events. Effect sizes were medium (0.55 and 0.49 for PHS and MHS, respectively) among treatment-naïve adults beginning therapy (two studies), but negligible among treatment-experienced adults (0.04 and 0.13 for PHS and MHS, respectively; three studies). The EQ-5D was used in five trials between 2001 and 2010. It was responsive to occurrences of adverse events and opportunistic infections, with small-to-medium effect sizes (range 0.30–0.50) in each of its five dimensions.ConclusionsA systematic review of PRO study results showed both the MOS-HIV and EQ-5D were responsive to changes between groups and/or over time in treatment-naïve HIV-infected patients. These instruments may be used either individually or together in clinical trials to measure changes in HRQL.
Reduced orbitofrontal cortical thickness in male adolescents with internet addiction
Authors: Hong Soon-Beom , Kim Jae-Won , Choi Eun-Jung , Kim Ho-Hyun , Suh Jeong-Eun , Kim Chang-Dai , Klauser Paul , Whittle Sarah , Yűcel Murat , Pantelis Christos , Yi Soon-Hyung 
Published: March 2013

Abstract

Background
The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) has consistently been implicated in the pathology of both drug and behavioral addictions. However, no study to date has examined OFC thickness in internet addiction. In the current study, we investigated the existence of differences in cortical thickness of the OFC in adolescents with internet addiction. On the basis of recently proposed theoretical models of addiction, we predicted a reduction of thickness in the OFC of internet addicted individuals.

Findings
Participants were 15 male adolescents diagnosed as having internet addiction and 15 male healthy comparison subjects. Brain magnetic resonance images were acquired on a 3T MRI and group differences in cortical thickness were analyzed using FreeSurfer. Our results confirmed that male adolescents with internet addiction have significantly decreased cortical thickness in the right lateral OFC (p<0.05).

Conclusion
This finding supports the view that the OFC alterations in adolescents with internet addiction reflect a shared neurobiological marker of addiction-related disorders in general.
The oral mucosal surface and blood vessels
Authors: Naumova Ella A. , Dierkes Tobias , Sprang Jürgen , Arnold Wolfgang H. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract

Introduction
Detailed information about the size of the oral mucosa is scarce in the literature, and those studies that do exist do not take into account the size of the tongue or the enlargement of the surface by the papillae. Because of the various functions of the oral mucosa in the maintenance of oral health, knowledge of its true size may provide a better understanding of the physiology of the oral cavity and some oral diseases and direct future therapeutic strategies. The aim of this study was to determine the total size of the oral mucosa.

Methods
Five human adult cadaver heads were cut in the median sagittal plane, and the total area of the oral surface was determined using silicon casts. The surface of the tongue was measured with quantitative profilometry. Photographs of oral blood vessels were taken in different areas of the oral mucosa of adult test subjects using intravital microscopy, and the pictures were compared with vessel casts of the oral mucosal capillaries of a maccaca fasciculrais monkey, which was studied using a scanning electron microscope.

Results
The results showed that the dorsal side of the tongue comprises a large proportion of the total oral mucosal surface. The surface area of the epithelium increases moving from anterior to posterior on the tongue, and the number of underlying blood vessels increases proportionally.

Conclusions
It can be concluded that the back of the tongue plays an important role in the oral resorption of drugs. Clinical relevance: The results may be of relevance for the delivery and development of oral drug application.
Clostridium difficile in faeces from healthy dogs and dogs with diarrhea
Authors: Wetterwik Karl-Johan , Trowald-Wigh Gunilla , Fernström Lise-Lotte , Krovacek Karel 
Published: March 2013

Abstract

Background
This study was conducted to evaluate the faecal occurrence and characterization of Clostridium difficile in clinically healthy dogs (N = 50) and in dogs with diarrhea (N = 20) in the Stockholm-Uppsala region of Sweden.

Findings

Clostridium difficile was isolated from 2/50 healthy dogs and from 2/20 diarrheic dogs. Isolates from healthy dogs were negative for toxin A and B and for the tcdA and tcdB genes. Both isolates from diarrheic dogs were positive for toxin B and for the tcdA and tcdB genes. The C. difficile isolates from healthy dogs had PCR ribotype 009 (SE-type 6) and 010 (SE-type 3) whereas both isolates from dogs with diarrhoea had the toxigenic ribotype 014 (SE-type 21). One of the isolates from healthy dogs was initially resistant to metronidazole.

Conclusions
This study revealed presence of toxigenic C. difficile in faecal samples of diarrheic dogs and low number of non- toxigenic isolates in healthy dogs from Uppsala-Stockholm region in Sweden. However, more comprehensive studies are warranted to investigate the role of C. difficile in gastrointestinal disease in dogs.
Synaptosomal-associated protein 25 mutation induces immaturity of the dentate granule cells of adult mice
Authors: Ohira Koji , Kobayashi Katsunori , Toyama Keiko , Nakamura Hironori K , Shoji Hirotaka , Takao Keizo , Takeuchi Rika , Yamaguchi Shun , Kataoka Masakazu , Otsuka Shintaro , Takahashi Masami , Miyakawa Tsuyoshi 
Published: March 2013

Abstract

Background
Synaptosomal-associated protein, 25 kDa (SNAP-25) regulates the exocytosis of neurotransmitters. Growing evidence suggests that SNAP-25 is involved in neuropsychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and epilepsy. Recently, increases in anxiety-related behaviors and epilepsy have been observed in SNAP-25 knock-in (KI) mice, which have a single amino acid substitution of Ala for Ser187. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the abnormalities in this mutant remain unknown.

Results
In this study, we found that a significant number of dentate gyrus (DG) granule cells was histologically and electrophysiologically similar to immature DG neurons in the dentate gyrus of the adult mutants, a phenomenon termed the “immature DG” (iDG). SNAP-25 KI mice and other mice possessing the iDG phenotype, i.e., alpha-calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II heterozygous mice, Schnurri-2 knockout mice, and mice treated with the antidepressant fluoxetine, showed similar molecular expression patterns, with over 100 genes similarly altered. A working memory deficit was also identified in mutant mice during a spontaneous forced alternation task using a modified T-maze, a behavioral task known to be dependent on hippocampal function. Chronic treatments with the antiepileptic drug valproate abolished the iDG phenotype and the working memory deficit in mutants.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that the substitution of Ala for Ser187 in SNAP-25 induces the iDG phenotype, which can also be caused by epilepsy, and led to a severe working memory deficit. In addition, the iDG phenotype in adulthood is likely an endophenotype for at least a part of some common psychiatric disorders.
Gait parameters associated with hallux valgus: a systematic review
Authors: Nix Sheree E , Vicenzino Bill T , Collins Natalie J , Smith Michelle D 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackgroundHallux valgus (HV) has been linked to functional disability and increased falls risk in older adults. However, specific gait alterations in individuals with HV are unclear. This systematic review investigated gait parameters associated with HV in otherwise healthy adults.MethodsElectronic databases (Medline, Embase, CINAHL) were searched to October 2011, including cross‐sectional studies with clearly defined HV and non‐HV comparison groups. Two investigators independently rated studies for methodological quality. Effect sizes (95% confidence intervals (CI)) were calculated as standardized mean differences (SMD) for continuous data and risk ratios (RR) for dichotomous data.ResultsNine studies included a total of 589 participants. Three plantar pressure studies reported increased hallux loading (SMD 0.56 to 1.78) and medial forefoot loading (SMD 0.62 to 1.21), while one study found reduced first metatarsal loading (SMD −0.61, CI −1.19 to −0.03) in HV participants. HV participants demonstrated less ankle and rearfoot motion during terminal stance (SMD −0.81 to −0.63) and increased intrinsic muscle activity (RR 1.6, 1.1 to 2.2). Most studies reported no differences in spatio‐temporal parameters; however, one study found reduced speed (SMD −0.73, ‐1.25 to −0.20), step length (SMD −0.66 to −0.59) and less stable gait patterns (SMD −0.86 to −0.78) in older adults with HV.ConclusionsHV impacts on particular gait parameters, and further understanding of potentially modifiable factors is important for prevention and management of HV. Cause and effect relationships cannot be inferred from cross‐sectional studies, thus prospective studies are warranted to elucidate the relationship between HV and functional disability.
Artificial neuro fuzzy logic system for detecting human emotions
Authors: Malkawi Mohammad , Murad Omayya 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis paper presents an adaptive neuro/fuzzy system which can be trained to detect the current human emotions from a set of measured responses. Six models are built using different types of input/output membership functions and trained by different kinds of input arrays. The models are compared based on their ability to train with lowest error values. Many factors impact the error values such as input/output membership functions, the training data arrays, and the number of epochs required to train the model. ANFIS editor in MATLAB is used to build the models.
Trends in End-of-Life Decision Making in Patients With and Without Cancer
Authors: Pardon Koen , Chambaere Kenneth , Pasman H. Roeline W. , Deschepper Reginald , Rietjens Judith , Deliens Luc 
Published: March 2013

Purpose Because of cancer's high symptom burden and specific disease course, patients with cancer are more likely than other patients to face end-of-life decisions that have possible or certain life-shortening effects (ELDs). This study examines the incidence of ELDs in patients with cancer compared with patients without cancer and the trends in ELD incidence from 1998-2007. Patients and Methods A nationwide death certificate study in Flanders, Belgium, was conducted in 2007, analogous to one completed in 1998. Physicians who had signed selected death certificates (n = 6,927) were sent a questionnaire. Results The response rate was 58.4%. Nonsudden deaths were studied. Intensified symptom alleviation occurred more in patients with cancer than in those without (53.8% v 31.7%; P < .001) as did euthanasia (6.8% v 0.9%; P < .001). There was no difference between groups in nontreatment decisions and life-ending acts without patient's explicit request. Patients with cancer were less involved in the end-of-life decision-making process than patients without cancer (69.7% v 83.5%; P = .001). From 1998 to 2007, ELD incidence has increased in patients with cancer (+6.7%) and even more in patients without cancer (+14.9%) because of an increase in intensified symptom alleviation. In patients with cancer, euthanasia rates increased strongly and life-ending acts without the patient's explicit request decreased. Conclusion The higher ELD incidence in patients with cancer compared with those without is probably related to differences in disease trajectories and access to end-of-life care. During the period from 1998 to 2007, when euthanasia was legalized and palliative care intensified, overall ELDs increased, including those as a result of symptom alleviation and euthanasia, with a decrease in life-ending acts without explicit request.
MNADK, a novel liver-enriched mitochondrion-localized NAD kinase
Authors: Zhang Ren 
Published: March 2013

Summary
NADP+ and its reducing equivalent NADPH are essential for counteracting oxidative damage. Mitochondria are the major source of oxidative stress, since the majority of superoxide is generated from the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Because NADP+ cannot pass through the mitochondrial membrane, NADP+ generation within mitochondria is critical. However, only a single human NAD kinase (NADK) has been identified, and it is localized to the cytosol. Therefore, sources of mitochondrial NADP+ and mechanisms for maintaining its redox balance remain largely unknown. Here, we show that the uncharacterized human gene C5ORF33, named MNADK (mouse homologue 1110020G09Rik), encodes a novel mitochondrion-localized NAD kinase. In mice MNADK is mostly expressed in the liver, and also abundant in brown fat, heart, muscle and kidney, all being mitochondrion-rich. Indeed, MNADK is localized to mitochondria in Hep G2 cells, a human liver cell line, as demonstrated by fluorescence imaging. Having a conserved NAD kinase domain, a recombinant MNADK showed NAD kinase activity, confirmed by mass spectrometry analysis. Consistent with a role of NADP+ as a coenzyme in anabolic reactions, such as lipid synthesis, MNADK is nutritionally regulated in mice. Fasting increased MNADK levels in liver and fat, and obesity dramatically reduced its level in fat. MNADK expression was suppressed in human liver tumors. Identification of MNADK immediately suggests a model in which NADK and MNADK are responsible for de novo synthesis of NADP+ in cytosol and mitochondria, respectively, and therefore provides novel insights into understanding the sources and mechanisms of mitochondrial NADP+ and NADH production in human cells.
Enrolados na sacola plástica
Authors: Rodrigues Antonio Carlos , De Morais Kelly 
Published: March 2013

Os donos da Pão Delícia, panificadora tradicional de Belo Horizonte, precisam decidir como irão se adaptar à Lei Municipal n. 9.529, que exige que as sacolas plásticas sejam substituídas por versões ecológicas. O meio ambiente agradece, mas quem vai pagar essa conta?DOI: 10.12660/gvcasosv2n1c2 http://dx.doi.org/10.12660/gvcasosv2n1c2
A Internacionalização da marca Melissa
Authors: De Almeida Moraes Sylvia Therezinha , Senra Melissa , Da Rocha Angela 
Published: March 2013

Apesar de os avanços obtidos pela Melissa terem sido significativos, o gerente de operações da empresa achou necessário rever as ações de marketing da marca para aumentar a sua diferenciação e exposição no mercado. A nova estratégia adotada pela Melissa trouxe bons resultados, já que os imitadores chineses apresentaram pouco sucesso em se apropriar do brand equity da marca. DOI: 10.12660/gvcasosv2n1c6http://dx.doi.org/10.12660/gvcasosv2n1c6
A resposta da geração Y na estratégia de crescimento organizacional
Authors: Berteli Michele Otobelli , Lain Gabriela Cristina , Bacichetto Vinícius de Vargas , Roesch Sylvia Maria Azevedo , Olea Pelayo Munhoz 
Published: March 2013

Os sócios da empresa Treviso, especializada em softwares para gestão, planejavam melhorar e formalizar a relação com os funcionários. Quando implantado o novo modelo, cerca de 20% dos empregados se demitiu. A Treviso começou a passar por dificuldades financeiras, descontentamento de clientes e problemas de gestão com funcionários da geração Y. A empresa precisa descobrir como enfrentar esse desafio inesperado. DOI: 10.12660/gvcasosv2n2c10http://dx.doi.org/10.12660/gvcasosv2n2c10
Positive or negative allosteric modulation of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) does not alter expression of behavioral sensitization to methamphetamine
Authors: Kufahl Peter R , Nemirovsky Natali E , Watterson Lucas R , Zautra Nicholas , Olive M Foster 
Published: March 2013

We investigated the role of metabotropic glutamate receptor type 5 (mGluR5) in methamphetamine-induced behavioral sensitization. The mGluR5 positive allosteric modulator (3-cyano-N-(1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl) benzamide (CDPPB) and negative allosteric modulator fenobam were tested in separate experiments. Sprague-Dawley rats were repeatedly injected with 1 mg/kg methamphetamine or saline, and then given a locomotor challenge test using a dose of 0.5 mg/kg methamphetamine. Prior to the challenge test session, rats were injected with CDPPB, fenobam, or a vehicle. Doses from previous studies showed reduced drug-conditioned behavior; however in this study neither CDPPB nor fenobam pretreatment resulted in an altered expression of behavioral sensitization, indicating a lack of mGluR5 involvement in sensitized methamphetamine-induced locomotion. Additionally, the high dose (30 mg/kg) of fenobam resulted in decreased methamphetamine-induced locomotion in rats regardless of drug exposure history, which suggests evidence of nonspecific behavioral inhibition.