bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In situ observation of austenite grain growth behavior in the simulated coarse-grained heat-affected zone of Ti-microalloyed steels
Authors: Wan Xiang-liang , Wu Kai-ming , Huang Gang , Wei Ran , Cheng Lin 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The austenite grain growth behavior in a simulated coarse-grained heat-affected zone during thermal cycling was investigated via in situ observation. Austenite grains nucleated at ferrite grain boundaries and then grew in different directions through movement of grain boundaries into the ferrite phase. Subsequently, the adjacent austenite grains impinged against each other during the α→γ transformation. After the α→γ transformation, austenite grains coarsened via the coalescence of small grains and via boundary migration between grains. The growth process of austenite grains was a continuous process during heating, isothermal holding, and cooling in simulated thermal cycling. Abundant finely dispersed nanoscale TiN particles in a steel specimen containing 0.012wt% Ti effectively retarded the grain boundary migration, which resulted in refined austenite grains. When the Ti concentration in the steel was increased, the number of TiN particles decreased and their size coarsened. The big particles were not effective in pinning the austenite grain boundary movement and resulted in coarse austenite grains.
Bonding characteristics of the Al2O3-metal composite coating fabricated onto carbon steel by combustion synthesis
Authors: Xue Xiao-feng , Wang Ze-hua , Zhou Ze-hua , Jiang Shao-qun , Cheng Jiang-bo , Wang Chang-hao , Shao Jia 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The fabrication of an alumina-metal composite coating onto a carbon steel substrate by using a self-propagating high-temperature synthesis technique was demonstrated. The effects of the type and thickness of the pre-coated layer on the binding structure and surface quality of the coating were systematically investigated. The macrostructure, phase composition, and bonding interface between the coating and the substrate were investigated by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS). The diffraction patterns indicated that the coating essentially consisted of α-Al2O3, Fe(Cr), and FeO·Al2O3. With an increase in the thickness of the pre-coated working layer, the coating became more smooth and compact. The transition layer played an important role in enhancing the binding between the coating and the substrate. When the pre-coated working layer was 10 mm and the pre-coated transition layer was 1 mm, a compact structure and metallurgical bonding with the substrate were obtained. Thermal shock test results indicated that the ceramic coating exhibited good thermal shock resistance when the sample was rapidly quenched from 800°C to room temperature by plunging into water.
Preterm birth and neonatal mortality in China in 2011
Authors: Zou Liying , Wang Xin , Ruan Yan , Li Guanghui , Chen Yi , Zhang Weiyuan 
Published: August 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the incidence of preterm birth, its regional distribution, and associated neonatal mortality in mainland China.MethodsIn a multicenter, hospital‐based investigation of preterm birth, 2011 data were obtained from the seven administrative regions of mainland China. Between one and three subcenters were randomly selected for each administrative region, followed by secondary and tertiary hospitals within the chosen subcenters. Data were obtained from women's medical records, and obstetric and perinatal events were summarized.ResultsData for 107 905 deliveries were analyzed, which included 7769 (7.1%) preterm births (occurring between 28 and 37 weeks of pregnancy). The incidence varied among regions. Late preterm birth (between 34 and 37 weeks) accounted for 5495 (70.7%) of preterm births. The neonatal mortality rate was 33 deaths per 1000 live preterm births. Of the 254 neonatal deaths, 147 (57.9%) occurred after very preterm birth (between 28 and 32 weeks). Overall, 4519 (58.2%) preterm births occurred by cesarean.ConclusionThe distribution of preterm birth across China is unbalanced, and neonatal mortality associated with preterm birth is high.
PARP inhibitor olaparib increases the oncolytic activity of dl922‐947 in in vitro and in vivo model of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Passaro Carmela , Volpe Massimiliano , Botta Ginevra , Scamardella Eloise , Perruolo Giuseppe , Gillespie David , Libertini Silvana , Portella Giuseppe 
Published: August 2014

PARP inhibitors are mostly effective as anticancer drugs in association with DNA damaging agents. We have previously shown that the oncolytic adenovirus dl922‐947 induces extensive DNA damage, therefore we hypothesized a synergistic antitumoral effect of the PARP inhibitor olaparib in association with dl922‐947. Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma was chosen as model since it is a particularly aggressive tumor and, because of its localized growth, it is suitable for intratumoral treatment with oncolytic viruses.Here, we show that dl922‐947 infection induces PARP activation, and we confirm in vitro and in vivo that PARP inhibition increases dl922‐947 replication and oncolytic activity. In vitro, the combination with olaparib exacerbates the appearance of cell death markers, such as Annexin V positivity, caspase 3 cleavage, cytochrome C release and propidium iodide permeability. In vivo, we also observed a better viral distribution upon PARP inhibition. Changes in CD31 levels suggest a direct effect of olaparib on tumor vascularization and on the viral distribution within the tumor mass. The observation that PARP inhibition enhances the effects of dl922‐947 is highly promising not only for the treatment of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma but, in general, for the treatment of other tumors that could benefit from the use of oncolytic viruses.
IL-17 drives psoriatic inflammation via distinct, target cell-specific mechanisms
Authors: Ha Hye-Lin , Wang Hongshan , Pisitkun Prapaporn , Kim Jin-Chul , Tassi Ilaria , Tang Wanhu , Morasso Maria I. , Udey Mark C. , Siebenlist Ulrich 
Published: August 2014

Significance
Psoriasis is an inflammatory disease affecting the skin, a barrier site. The disease is characterized by abnormal growth of keratinocytes and infiltration of inflammatory cells. Clinical trials targeting the IL-17 cytokine have shown remarkable efficacy, and IL-17 also has been strongly implicated in the imiquimod-induced mouse model of psoriasis. However why IL-17 cytokines should be so central is not known, because target cells and their functions have not been clearly delineated. Here we demonstrate that IL-17 signaling into nonkeratinocytes, specifically dermal fibroblasts, induces mediators that further increase IL-17 production by innate γδT cells and promote cellular infiltration, whereas IL-17 signaling into keratinocytes aids proliferation and blocks their differentiation. These findings reveal the circuitry underpinning critical disease-driving effects of IL-17.
The ribosome uses cooperative conformational changes to maximize and regulate the efficiency of translation
Authors: Ning Wei , Fei Jingyi , Gonzalez Ruben L. 
Published: August 2014

Significance
The catalytic cycle of many enzymes often requires that several, spatially remote enzyme structural elements undergo functionally important conformational changes. To maximize and regulate the efficiency of catalysis, therefore, considerable evidence suggests that small protein enzymes can coordinate the conformational changes of multiple structural elements. Whether and how larger, multicomponent biomolecular machines such as the ribosome also exhibit such coordination, however, remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the ribosome coordinates multiple, functionally important conformational changes to maximize and regulate the efficiency with which it translocates along its messenger RNA template. Our findings suggest that such coordination is likely to be a general and important mechanism through which all biomolecular machines maximize and regulate their functional efficiencies.
Genomic responses in mouse models greatly mimic human inflammatory diseases
Authors: Takao Keizo , Miyakawa Tsuyoshi 
Published: August 2014

Significance
The role of mouse models in biomedical research was recently challenged by a report that genomic responses in mouse models poorly mimic human inflammatory diseases. Here we reevaluated the same gene expression datasets used in the previous study by focusing on genes whose expression levels were significantly changed in both humans and mice. Contrary to the previous findings, the gene expression patterns in the mouse models showed extraordinarily significant correlations with those of the human conditions. Moreover, many pathways were commonly regulated by multiple conditions in humans and mice. These findings demonstrate that gene expression patterns in mouse models closely recapitulate those in human inflammatory conditions and strongly argue for the utility of mice as animal models of human disorders.
A computational and neural model of momentary subjective well-being
Authors: Rutledge Robb B. , Skandali Nikolina , Dayan Peter , Dolan Raymond J. 
Published: August 2014

Significance
A common question in the social science of well-being asks, “How happy do you feel on a scale of 0 to 10?” Responses are often related to life circumstances, including wealth. By asking people about their feelings as they go about their lives, ongoing happiness and life events have been linked, but the neural mechanisms underlying this relationship are unknown. To investigate it, we presented subjects with a decision-making task involving monetary gains and losses and repeatedly asked them to report their momentary happiness. We built a computational model in which happiness reports were construed as an emotional reactivity to recent rewards and expectations. Using functional MRI, we demonstrated that neural signals during task events account for changes in happiness.
Linguistic correlates to communicative proficiency levels of the CEFR
Authors: Gyllstad Henrik , Granfeldt Jonas , Bernardini Petra , Källkvist Marie 
Published: August 2014

This study is a contribution to the empirical underpinning of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR), and it aims to identify linguistic correlates to the proficiency levels defined by the CEFR. The study was conducted in a Swedish school setting, focusing on English, French and Italian, and examined the relationship between CEFR levels (A1–C2) assigned by experienced raters to learners’ written texts and three measures of syntactic complexity (based on length of t-unit, subclause ratio, and mean length of clause (cf. Norris & Ortega, 2009)). Data were elicited through two written tasks (a short letter and a narrative) completed by pupils of L2 English (N = 54) in years four, nine and the final year of upper-secondary school, L3 French (N = 38) in year nine and the final year of upper-secondary school, and L4 Italian (N = 28) in the final year of upper-secondary school and first year of university. The results showed that, globally, there were weak to medium-strong correlations between assigned CEFR levels and the three measures of syntactic complexity in English, French and Italian. Furthermore, it was found that syntactic complexity was homogeneous across the three languages at CEFR level A, whereas syntactic complexity was different across languages at CEFR level B, especially in the data for English and French. Consequences for the empirical validity of the CEFR framework and the nature of the three measures of complexity are discussed.
Brutal Brits and persuasive Americans
Authors: Wulff Stefanie , Stefanowitsch Anatol , Gries Stefan Th. 
Published: August 2014

“England and America are two nations divided by a common language.”(George Bernard Shaw)
Adopting a construction-based view of language (Goldberg 1995), we demonstrate that it is possible to uncover differences between British and American English at the lexicosyntactic level, showing that the collexemes, i.e. the words significantly associated with a construction, are variety-dependent. To this end, we compare more than 5,000 verb pair types as they occur in the two varieties in the so-called into-causative construction (as in He tricked me into employing him) and submit them to the scrutiny of a statistical test called distinctive collexeme analysis, which identifies those verbs that distinguish best between the two varieties. Interesting contrasts emerge, such as the predominance of verbal persuasion verbs in the cause predicate slot of the American English data as opposed to the predominance of physical force verbs in the cause predicate slot of the British English data. We discuss how these and other results create a picture of subtle, yet systematic, differences in meaning construction, and we offer an explanation of these differences as reflecting differently entrenched semantic frames.
“Laura! Laura! Wake up”
Authors: Lakoff Robin T. 
Published: August 2014

The concepts of intertextuality and appropriation have been of great use, since their introduction by Bakhtin and Kristeva, in a wide range of disciplines. Although the distinction between them remains elusive, both refer to citations – explicit and otherwise; direct or indirect – of texts in other texts. This paper discusses the social and political functions of such references, including, when successful, the achievement of cultural cohesion, but, when unsuccessful, the reverse. Several examples are discussed briefly, and two political cartoons from American popular publications during the 2008 presidential election, one successful and the other not, are analyzed at length and compared and contrasted.
Chapter 3. Investigating gender variation of English loanwords in German
Authors: Callies Marcus , Onysko Alexander , Ogiermann Eva 
Published: August 2014

This article examines variation in gender assignment to English loanwords – a phenomenon that has rarely been studied on a large empirical basis to date. We report on a multi-method study of gender assignment to Anglicisms as evidenced by large newspaper corpora and experimental data elicited from German native speakers, allowing empirically well-grounded insights into methodological and sociolinguistic factors that determine gender variation. In contrast to earlier studies which assume variation in gender assignment to be especially prevalent in the early stages of integration, thus claiming that there is comparatively little variation in general, our findings show a substantial amount of variation among the test items. In general, we find that variation is higher in the informant data when compared to the corpus data.
Sustained orientation to one activity in multiactivity during prenatal ultrasound examinations
Authors: Nishizaka Aug 
Published: August 2014

Drawing on 32 video-recordings of prenatal ultrasound examinations in Japan, I explore practices that the participants employ to organise multiactivity. I demonstrate that transitory phases in each examination, for example searching a next item to show on the ultrasound monitor, are systematic opportunities for the participants to initiate additional activities, such as giving general advice. During such phases talk is released from the ongoing ultrasound examination and is available for other activities. However, while engaging in an additional activity, participants sustain their orientation to the ongoing examination through gaze directions, body orientations, hand movements, and so forth. I conclude by discussing implications for healthcare practices of this organisation of multiple activities.
A body and its involvements
Authors: Raymond Geoffrey , Lerner Gene H. 
Published: August 2014

This chapter investigates some of the ways participants use adjusting actions to produce a range of emergent relationships between distinct courses of action. It describes body-behaviourally realised practices for the management of two intersecting courses of action. We first show how the continuing realisation of two courses of action can be preserved moment-by-moment with only negligible adjustments. We then describe how two adjusting actions – suspending and retarding – can be deployed to sustain visible commitment to an ongoing course of action while pursuing a second course of action, thereby realising the second course of action as interjected into the first. In summary, this chapter shows how forms of ‘multiactivity’ emerge as practical solutions to dual involvements in interaction with others.
Local Support for Alcohol Control Policies and Perceptions of Neighborhood Issues in Two College Communities
Authors: Fairlie Anne M. , DeJong William , Wood Mark D. 
Published: August 2014

Background Although valuable, national opinion surveys on alcohol policy may be less informative for policy development at the local level. Using samples of adult residents in 2 college communities, the present study: (1) measured public support for local alcohol control policies to stem underage drinking and alcohol overservice in on-premise outlets, (2) assessed residents’ opinions regarding neighborhood problems, and (3) identified factors associated with strong policy support. Methods We administered random-sample telephone surveys to residents aged 21 years and older in college communities located in Community 1 ( N = 501; mean age = 57.4 years, SD = 14.7) and Community 2 ( N = 505; mean age = 56.0 years, SD = 15.2). The response rates were typical of telephone surveys (Community 1: 33.5%; Community 2: 29.9%). We assessed support for 16 alcohol control policies and the occurrence of specific types of neighborhood incidents (e.g., witnessing intoxicated people). We used multiple regression analyses to determine factors associated with policy support. Results Residents in Community 1 reported significantly higher weekly alcohol use, a greater number of witnessed neighborhood incidents, and a higher level of perceived neighborhood problems than did residents in Community 2. Residents in Community 1 perceived local alcohol control policies and their enforcement to be significantly stricter. Overall, policy support was high and did not differ between the communities. In both communities, higher policy support was significantly associated with being female, being older, less weekly alcohol use, and lower perceived strictness of alcohol control policies and enforcement. Conclusions It is important for campus officials and community leaders to be aware of and publicize favorable public opinion when advocating for policy change, especially at the local level. Information on residents’ perceptions of the neighborhood issues they face can also inform local policy and enforcement efforts.
Depressive Symptoms and Associated Clinical Characteristics in Outpatients Seeking Community-Based Treatment for Alcohol and Drug Problems
Authors: Sanchez Katherine , Walker Robrina , Campbell Aimee N. C. , Greer Tracy L. , Hu Mei-Chen , Grannemann Bruce D. , Nunes Edward V. , Trivedi Madhukar H. 
Published: August 2014

Background Comorbid psychiatric and substance use disorders are common and associated with poorer treatment engagement, retention, and outcomes. This study examines the presence of depressive symptoms and the demographic and clinical correlates in a diverse sample of substance abuse treatment seekers to better characterize patients with co-occurring depressive symptoms and substance use disorders and understand potential treatment needs. Methods Baseline data from a randomized clinical effectiveness trial of a computer-assisted, Web-delivered psychosocial intervention were analyzed. Participants ( N = 507) were recruited from 10 geographically diverse outpatient drug treatment programs. Assessments included the self-report Patient Health Questionnaire, and measures of coping strategies, social functioning, physical health status, and substance use. Results One fifth (21%; n = 106) of the sample screened positive for depression; those screening positive for depression were significantly more likely to screen positive for anxiety (66.9%) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD; 42.9%). After controlling for anxiety and PTSD symptoms, presence of depressive symptoms remained significantly associated with fewer coping strategies ( P = .001), greater impairment in social adjustment ( P < .001), and poorer health status ( P < .001), but not to days of drug use in the last 90 days ( P = .14). Conclusions Depression is a clinically significant problem among substance abusers, and, in this study, patients who screened positive for depression were more likely to have co-occurring symptoms of anxiety and PTSD. Additionally, the presence of depressive symptoms was associated with fewer coping strategies and poorer social adjustment. Coping skills are a significant predictor of addiction outcomes, and it may be especially important to screen for and enhance coping among depressed patients. Evidence-based interventions that target coping skills and global functioning among substance abusers with depressive symptoms may be important adjuncts to usual treatment.
Detection of active transcription factor binding sites with the combination of DNase hypersensitivity and histone modifications
Authors: Gusmao Eduardo G. , Dieterich Christoph , Zenke Martin , Costa Ivan G. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Motivation: The identification of active transcriptional regulatory elements is crucial to understand regulatory networks driving cellular processes such as cell development and the onset of diseases. It has recently been shown that chromatin structure information, such as DNase I hypersensitivity (DHS) or histone modifications, significantly improves cell-specific predictions of transcription factor binding sites. However, no method has so far successfully combined both DHS and histone modification data to perform active binding site prediction.
Results: We propose here a method based on hidden Markov models to integrate DHS and histone modifications occupancy for the detection of open chromatin regions and active binding sites. We have created a framework that includes treatment of genomic signals, model training and genome-wide application. In a comparative analysis, our method obtained a good trade-off between sensitivity versus specificity and superior area under the curve statistics than competing methods. Moreover, our technique does not require further training or sequence information to generate binding location predictions. Therefore, the method can be easily applied on new cell types and allow flexible downstream analysis such as de novo motif finding.
Availability and implementation: Our framework is available as part of the Regulatory Genomics Toolbox. The software information and all benchmarking data are available at http://costalab.org/wp/dh-hmm .
Contact: ivan.costa@rwth-aachen.de or eduardo.gusmao@rwth-aachen.de
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.