bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance Evaluation of a Horizontal Well With Multiple Fractures by Use of a Slab-Source Function
Authors: Yang Daoyong , Zhang Feng , Styles John A. , Gao Junmin 
Published: December 2014

Summary
A novel slab-source function was formulated and successfully applied to accurately evaluate performance of a horizontal well with multiple fractures in a tight formation. More specifically, such a slab-source function in the Laplace domain has assigned a geometrical dimension to the source, whereas pressure response of a rectangular reservoir with closed outer boundaries can be determined. A semianalytical method is then applied to solve the newly formulated mathematical model by discretizing the fracture into small segments, each of which is treated as a slab source, assuming that there exists unsteady flow between the adjacent segments. The newly developed function was validated with numerical solution obtained from a reservoir simulator and then its application was extended to a field case. The pressure response together with its corresponding derivative type curves was reproduced to examine effects of number of stages, fracture conductivity, and fracture dimension under various penetration conditions. The fracture conductivity is found to mainly influence early-stage bilinear-/linear-flow regime, whereas a smaller conductivity will force more fluid to enter the toe of the fracture than its heel. The penetrating ratio will impose a significant impact on the pressure response at the early stage, forcing the bilinear/linear flow to become radial flow.
A Politics of Imperceptibilities, Possibilities and Early Childhood Practice
Authors: Cumming Tamara , Sumsion Jennifer 
Published: December 2014

A growing body of research suggests that a range of ‘hidden’ or ‘less tangible’ aspects of early childhood practice play an important part in early childhood practice. The purpose of this article is to contribute to this existing research literature by identifying some of the complex ways that less tangible aspects work. To do this, the authors focus on a data fragment describing ways that conceptualisations of ‘secret’ are at work in one educator's practice. To give readings of this data fragment, the authors use a strategy of ‘plugging in’ everyday and theoretical understandings of ‘the secret’, and, a popular culture text. The authors also use post-structural understandings of ‘being’ and ‘language’, and additional illustrative data fragments to illuminate these complex aspects of practice at work. The article concludes by considering some implications and cautions of the politics of possibility that the readings of imperceptibility and early childhood practice have opened. Participant: It almost is like a secret language of its own. Researcher: What is? P: Being an early childhood educator [1] we've got all the - we all know that you - I don't have to say to Mary Jane, ‘Go and stand over there because you need your back against the wall because you need to look at all the children’ … We automatically know that. We speak about pedagogy and speak about all these words that - these now little secret words. Or we bend down to look at the children so the children can look at us in our faces. It's almost like this little secret movement we've got going on. (Data fragment from an interview with an early childhood educator) Is the secret in the content or in the form? And the answer is already apparent: neither. (Deleuze & Guattari, 1987, p. 289)
Characteristic band pattern in western blots for specific detection of anti-Trichinella spiralis antibodies in different host species
Authors: Ilić Nataša , Gruden-Movsesijan Alisa , Živojinović Milena , Sofronić-Milosavljević Ljiljana 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Western blot (Wb) is considered to be the gold standard test for Trichinella infection serology, since this method allows specific Trichinella antigens to be distinguished from cross-reactive antigens. This is not the case with widely used antibody assay techniques - indirect immunofluorescence and ELISA - which are sensitive, but subject to crossreactions that make the interpretation of weakly positive results difficult. Application of Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae excretory-secretory (ES) antigens for the specific antibody detection in ELISA resulted in improved specificity compared to that of crude worm extract that was previously in use, but since production of ES has not yet been standardized, differences among laboratories occur. For this reason, the Wb profile of serum samples from different T. spiralis infected host species: human, horse, swine and dog, was investigated in the Serbian National Reference Laboratory for Trichinellosis (NRLT). The common feature of the obtained Wb profiles was the appearance of a triad of bands with molecular masses (Mw) of 45, 49, and 53 kDa. The very same triad was recognized by a monoclonal antibody (mAb) 7C2C5 specific for an immunodominant epitope unique to the muscle larvae stage of all species in the genus Trichinella. Inhibition studies confirmed that mAb and anti-Trichinella antibodies from sera competed for the same parasite epitope. Based on the obtained results, the NRLT introduced the recognition of the above mention triad as the basis for specific anti-Trichinella antibodies detection in the sera of infected hosts.
Antimicrobial prophylaxis in addition to premedication in gastrointestinal surgery
Authors: Genter Alan , Capak Hrvoje , Lipar Marija , Samardžija Marko , Harapin Ivica , Bedrica Ljiljana , Capak Darko 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate three combinations of antibiotics applied perorally prior to laparotomy and gastrointestinal surgery and to select the most favorable combination. Research was performed on 24 female and male dogs divided into four groups. Following abdominal wall incision the caecum was compressed manually and 5 mL of saline solution was injected into it. Five mL of caecum contents was aspirated in a sterile syringe and only 0.1 mL was incubated into blood agar and homogenous agar. Bacterial colonies were counted and determined. Prior to surgery the control group (n=6) received no antibiotics. The group which received the combination of gentamicin and clindamycin (n=6) achieved the best reduction of E. coli whereas Enterococcus faecals was 100% destroyed. The group which received amoxicillin with clavulanic acid and metronidazole (n=6) acquired a reduction of bacteria Enterococcus faecalis, which could be sufficient for prophylaxis. The combination of gentamicin and erythromycin (n=6) failed to accomplish a reduction of the number of bacteria.
Reproducible extracellular vesicle size and concentration determination with tunable resistive pulse sensing
Authors: Coumans Frank A. W. , van der Pol Edwin , Böing Anita N. , Hajji Najat , Sturk Guus , van Leeuwen Ton G. , Nieuwland Rienk 
Published: December 2014

IntroductionThe size of extracellular vesicles (EVs) can be determined with a tunable resistive pulse sensor (TRPS). Because the sensing pore diameter varies from pore to pore, the minimum detectable diameter also varies. The aim of this study is to determine and improve the reproducibility of TRPS measurements.MethodsExperiments were performed with the qNano system (Izon) using beads and a standard urine vesicle sample. With a combination of voltage and stretch that yields a high blockade height, we investigate whether the minimum detected diameter is more reproducible when we configure the instrument targeting (a) fixed stretch and voltage, or (b) fixed blockade height.ResultsDaily measurements with a fixed stretch and voltage (n=102) on a standard urine sample show a minimum detected vesicle diameter of 128±19 nm [mean±standard deviation; coefficient of variation (CV) 14.8%]. The vesicle concentration was 2.4·109±3.8·109 vesicles/mL (range 1.4·108–1.8·1010). When we compared setting a fixed stretch and voltage to setting a fixed blockade height on 3 different pores, we found a minimum detected vesicle diameter of 118 nm (CV 15.5%, stretch), and 123 nm (CV 4.5%, blockade height). The detected vesicle concentration was 3.2–8.2·108 vesicles/mL with fixed stretch and 6.4–7.8·108 vesicles/mL with fixed blockade height.Summary/conclusionPore‐to‐pore variability is the cause of the variation in minimum detected size when setting a fixed stretch and voltage. The reproducibility of the minimum detectable diameter is much improved by setting a fixed blockade height.
Si seulement je pouvais rêver...
Authors: Cruz Carla Marisa 
Published: December 2014

Comment élaborer les traumatismes qui ne peuvent être ni pensés ni verbalisés ? S’appuyant sur des citations de Ferenczi, Bion, Tustin, Winnicott, André Green, Thomas Ogden entre autres, l’auteure démontre que les aspects non-représentables du traumatisme ont été travaillés tout au long de la littérature psychanalytique. La description d’un cas clinique met en lumière comment l’existence de traumatismes précoces et simultanément l’absence d’intériorisation de la capacité de rêverie maternelle conduisent à la fragmentation du psychisme et à l’anéantissement de la fonction symbolique.
La Sublimation : entre clinique du travail et psychanalyse
Authors: Dejours Christophe 
Published: December 2014

La clinique du travail est surtout connue pour son analyse de la souffrance et des effets délétères du travail sur la santé mentale (« psychopathologie du travail »). Mais elle rend compte aussi des conditions grâce auxquelles, parfois, le fonctionnement psychique peut profiter du rapport au travail. À la lumière de la clinique du travail, la problématique de la sublimation peut bénéficier de développements qui seront précisés.
Sublimation de vie, Sublimation de mort
Authors: Duparc François 
Published: December 2014

Il existe deux types de sublimations : une sublimation de vie, héritière de l’objet et l’aire transitionnelle d’une part, du couple parental intégré en surmoi-idéal œdipien d’autre part ; et une sublimation de mort qui associe clivage, désobjectalisation, prématurité du moi et hyperactivité mentale et physique dissociées du corps et de l’affect. Un exemple clinique permet de montrer des risques somatiques possibles : anorexie précoce (une lignée psychosomatique, selon Michel Fain), mais aussi des avortements et des accidents vasculaires, parfois.
The European fire ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) as an invasive species: impact on local ant species and other epigaeic arthropods
Authors: Naumann Ken , Higgins Rob J. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractPitfall trapping revealed that the European fire ant,Myrmica rubra(Linnaeus) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), represents an unusual example of a temperate invasive ant species. In British Columbia, Canada,M. rubrapopulations are associated with a decreased incidence and abundance of other ant species in three different plant communities when compared withM. rubra-free control areas.M. rubrarepresented more than 99.99% of the total ant fauna caught in the infested areas, and the numbers ofM. rubracaptured in the plant communities ranged from over 10 times to over 1300 times the total number of all ants collected in correspondingM. rubra-free areas. Total numbers of some taxa of insects and non-insect arthropods, including those likely to be competitors or prey ofM. rubra, were reduced where the invasive species was present. Biodiversity indexes for the overall suite of captured arthropod species were lower whereM. rubrawas present in all three plant communities but most of this decrease can be attributed to the difference in the ant fauna.
Wave breaking turbulence at the offshore front of the Columbia River Plume
Authors: Thomson Jim , Horner‐Devine Alex R. , Zippel Seth , Rusch Curtis , Geyer W. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractObservations at the Columbia River plume show that wave breaking is an important source of turbulence at the offshore front, which may contribute to plume mixing. The lateral gradient of current associated with the plume front is sufficient to block (and break) shorter waves. The intense whitecapping that then occurs at the front is a significant source of turbulence, which diffuses downward from the surface according to a scaling determined by the wave height and the gradient of wave energy flux. This process is distinct from the shear‐driven mixing that occurs at the interface of river water and ocean water. Observations with and without short waves are examined, especially in two cases in which the background conditions (i.e., tidal flows and river discharge) are otherwise identical.
Trends in the predictive performance of raw ensemble weather forecasts
Authors: Hemri S. , Scheuerer M. , Pappenberger F. , Bogner K. , Haiden T. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis study applies statistical postprocessing to ensemble forecasts of near‐surface temperature, 24 h precipitation totals, and near‐surface wind speed from the global model of the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). The main objective is to evaluate the evolution of the difference in skill between the raw ensemble and the postprocessed forecasts. Reliability and sharpness, and hence skill, of the former is expected to improve over time. Thus, the gain by postprocessing is expected to decrease. Based on ECMWF forecasts from January 2002 to March 2014 and corresponding observations from globally distributed stations, we generate postprocessed forecasts by ensemble model output statistics (EMOS) for each station and variable. Given the higher average skill of the postprocessed forecasts, we analyze the evolution of the difference in skill between raw ensemble and EMOS. This skill gap remains almost constant over time indicating that postprocessing will keep adding skill in the foreseeable future.
Two states of magnetotail dipolarization fronts: A statistical study
Authors: Schmid D. , Nakamura R. , Plaschke F. , Volwerk M. , Baumjohann W. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWe study the ion density and temperature in the predipolarization and postdipolarization plasma sheets in the Earth's magnetotail using 9 years (2001–2009) of Cluster data. For our study we selected cases when Cluster observed dipolarization fronts (DFs) with an earthward plasma flow greater than 150km/s. We perform a statistical study of the temperature and density variations during the DF crossings. Earlier studies concluded that on average, the temperature increases while the density decreases across the DF. Our statistical results show a more diverse picture: While ∼54% of the DFs follow this pattern (category A), for ∼28% the temperature decreases while the density increases across the DF (category B). We found an overall decrease in thermal pressure for category A DFs with a more pronounced decrease at the DF duskside, while DFs of category B showed no clear pattern in the pressure change. Both categories are associated with earthward plasma flows but with some difference: (1) category A flows are faster than category B flows, (2) the observations indicate that category B flows are directed perpendicular to the current in the near‐Earth current sheet while category A flows are tilted slightly duskward from this direction, and (3) the background Bz of category B is higher than that of category A. Based on these results, we hypothesize that after reconnection takes place, a bursty bulk flow emerges with category A characteristics, and as it travels earthward, it further evolves into category B characteristics, which is in a more dipolarized region with slower plasma flow (closer to the flow‐braking region).
Magnetic mapping effects of substorm currents leading to auroral poleward expansion and equatorward retreat
Authors: Chu Xiangning , McPherron Robert L. , Hsu Tung‐Shin , Angelopoulos Vassilis , Pu Zuyin , Yao Zhonghua , Zhang Hui , Connors Martin 
Published: December 2014

AbstractMagnetotail fast flows, magnetic field dipolarization, and its relaxation are linked to auroral brightening, poleward expansion, and equatorward motion during substorm onset, expansion, and recovery, respectively. While auroral brightening is often attributed to the field‐aligned currents produced by flow vorticity and pressure redistribution, the physical causes of auroral poleward expansion and equatorward retreat are not fully understood. Simplistically, such latitudinal changes can be directly associated to the tailward motion of the flux pileup region and the earthward flux transport toward the dayside that depletes the near‐Earth plasma sheet. However, because the equatorial magnetic field profile and the magnetospheric field‐aligned current system change significantly, mapping is severely distorted. To investigate this distortion, we superimpose a substorm current wedge model (dynamically driven by ground‐based observations) on the global Tsyganenko model T96 during an isolated substorm on 13 February 2008, observed by the Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms and GOES 10 spacecraft and by ground all‐sky imagers. We validate our model by showing that the timing and ionospheric projection of the flux pileup region and flow bursts observed at the spacecraft match auroral activations. We then use the improved mapping enabled by the model to demonstrate that in this event, auroral poleward expansion and equatorward retreat are mainly caused by substorm‐current‐wedge‐induced mapping changes.
The use of the Poynting vector in interpreting ULF waves in magnetospheric waveguides
Authors: Elsden T. , Wright A. N. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWe numerically model ultralow frequency (ULF) waves in the magnetosphere assuming an ideal, low‐β, inhomogeneous plasma waveguide. The waveguide is based on the hydromagnetic box model. We develop a novel boundary condition that drives the magnetospheric boundary by pressure perturbations, in order to simulate solar wind dynamic pressure fluctuations disturbing the magnetopause. The model is applied to observations from Cluster and Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms. Our model is able to reproduce similar wave signatures to those in the data, such as a unidirectional azimuthal Poynting vector, by interpreting the observations in terms of fast waveguide modes. Despite the simplicity of the model, we can shed light on the nature of these modes and the location of the energy source relative to the spacecraft. This is achieved by demonstrating that important information, such as phase shifts between components of the electric and magnetic fields and the balance of radial to azimuthal propagation of energy, may be extracted from a careful analysis of the components of the Poynting vector.
Closteroviridae
Authors: Martelli Giovanni P , Candresse Thierry 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

Closteroviridae
is a family of plant viruses with filamentous, helically constructed particles showing distinct cross‐banding and varying in length from 650 nm (species with fragmented genome) to over 2000 nm (species with monopartite genome). The genome is a single‐stranded, positive‐sense
ribonucleic acid
, with size varying from 13 000 to nearly 19 000 nucleotides, thus being among the largest known for plant viruses. The family comprises four genera,
Closterovirus
,
Ampelovirus
,
Crinivirus
and
Velarivirus
, which differ in genome type (monopartite, bipartite or tripartite) and size, and in epidemiological behaviour. Closteroviruses are transmitted by aphids; ampeloviruses by pseudococcid mealybugs and soft scale insects and criniviruses by whiteflies. No vectors are known for velariviruses. These viruses are mostly phloem‐restricted. Except for velariviruses all are transmitted with a semipersistent modality regardless of the type of vector and are pathogenic to a wide range of herbaceous and woody crops, to which they may cause extensive damage. Control is based on preventive measures such as sanitary selection, sanitation and induction of resistance, primarily through conventional breeding.

Key Concepts:

Closteroviridae
is a growing family of plant viruses with currently four genera.

All members of the family have filamentous virions with open particle structures and distinct cross‐banding.

Closteroviral genomes are among the largest for plant viruses and are highly diversified also within each genus.

The family represents a monophyletic lineage that has evolved in a modular way.

A characterising trait of three genera (
Closterovirus, Ampelovirus
and
Crinivirus
) is the type of vectors that mediate transmission from host to host.

Virus particles are primarily restricted to the phloem from where they are acquired by the vectors.

Virus dissemination over long distances is mediated by infected propagative material, rather than vectors.

Most members of the family have a restricted natural host range.

Disease control relies on preventive measures aimed at reducing vector populations and sources of inoculum.

Sanitary selection and sanitation are efficient means for producing certified stocks.
Cryopreservation and Thawing of Mammalian Cells
Authors: Thompson Maria L , Kunkel Eric J , Ehrhardt Rolf O 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

Cryopreservation is the process by which intact living cells are preserved at cryogenic temperatures in liquid nitrogen. Freezing cells allow them to be stored, often for years, in a state where their normal metabolic activity is suspended in order to protect them from damage due to chemical reactivity and time. The cells can then be thawed and resuscitated as needed. Cells are cryopreserved in order to guard against genetic drift in continuous cell lines, or against transformation or differentiation in noncontinuous cell lines, such as stem cells and primary cells. In the case of primary cells that are isolated directly from the tissue of interest, they have a finite ability to divide; therefore, cryopreservation is necessary to preserve their unique characteristics for future experiments. Optimal cryopreservation of cells relies on proper freezing and thawing methods. To be protected from structural damage during the freeze‐thaw process, mammalian cells are frozen in the presence of cryoprotectant. Post‐thaw viability assays are then conducted to measure the success of the cryopreservation techniques by calculating the percentage of frozen cells that are alive and able to recover normal function once thawed.

Key Concepts:

Cryopreservation is used to enable long‐term storage, preserve current genetic state, prevent transformation or differentiation during subculture and provide a back‐up stock in case of infection/contamination during culture.

A controlled rate of freezing and rapid thawing is necessary for optimal cryopreservation and recovery.

Care must be taken to minimize transient warming events during transfer and storage, as it impacts viability and recovery.

Active thawing results in higher cell viability and recovery than passive thawing.

Timing is critical to all stages of the cryopreservation process. All materials should be ready before beginning the procedure, and steps should be taken to ensure each sample is handled with minimal delay.

Method standardisation and quality control are necessary to maintain sample integrity and reproducibility.