bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Noninvasive Detection of a Balanced Fetal Translocation from Maternal Plasma
Authors: Jensen Taylor J , Kim Sung K , van den Boom Dirk , Deciu Cosmin , Ehrich Mathias 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Massively parallel sequencing of circulating cell free (ccf) DNA from maternal plasma has been demonstrated to be a powerful method for the detection of fetal copy number variations (CNVs). Although the detection of CNVs has been described by multiple independent groups, genomic aberrations resulting in copy number–neutral events including balanced translocations have proven to be more challenging to detect noninvasively from ccf DNA.

METHODS
Data modeling was initially performed to evaluate multiple methods, ultimately leveraging the short length of ccf DNA and paired-end sequencing to construct read-specific mapping characteristics. After testing in a model system, we evaluated the methods on ccf DNA isolated from the plasma of a donor known to be carrying a fetus with a balanced translocation [t(8;11)]. Sequencing was performed with Illumina sequencing technology.

RESULTS
Our methodology identified the known translocation (P = 1.21 × 10−8) and discounted the likelihood of others, enabling the base specific identification of the rearrangement positions. In total, 402 unique sequencing reads spanned the putative breakpoints, of which 76 contained the structural rearrangement. In addition, 38 of the chimeric reads were mapped to each of the resulting derivative chromosomes, supporting the presence of a reciprocal translocation. Finally, we identified a 6-bp deletion present within der(8) that was absent from the der(11) reciprocal rearrangement.

CONCLUSIONS
We have developed an algorithm to detect balanced rearrangements and applied our methodology to demonstrate the first proof-of-principle study on the noninvasive detection of a fetal-specific balanced translocation by sequencing ccf DNA from maternal plasma.
The Italian anime boom: The outstanding success of Japanese animation in Italy, 1978–1984
Authors: Pellitteri Marco 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Japanese animated series and films are, today, commonly named ‘anime’. Italy is the western market where the highest number of television anime were aired and theatrical anime released: it is a crucial context to assess the impact of anime on Western audiences. There is a lack of literature in English on the topic. This article provides information on the success of anime in Italy, with reference to the theatrical films released before the boom and a bibliography in Italian; indicates the main differences between the booms in Japan and Italy and gives hints on other national markets for anime; discusses the historical reasons of the arrival of anime in Italy; offers explanations on the stages of the success in this country (and in Western Europe) and in the United States before and during the boom, with the US market being a relevant touchstone; outlines the consumption model of television anime in Italy in the 1980s; provides critical remarks on the social–cultural features of the Italian anime boom as distinguished from the impact of anime on other national contexts. The article is informed by a multidisciplinary approach: cultural sociology, comparative media studies and animation studies.
Fundamental Non-convexity and Externalities: A Differentiable Approach
Authors: Ericson Richard E. , Kung Fan-chin 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIt is well known that externalities cause fundamental non-convexity problems in the production set. We demonstrate that the differentiable approach is a proper tool. Existence of equilibrium obtains without requiring aggregate convexity in consumption or production. Our model allows general externalities in consumption and production and also price dependency.
Chemical characterization and photoprotective activity measurement of extracts from the red macroalga Solieria chordalis
Authors: Bedoux Gilles , Hardouin Kevin , Marty Christel , Taupin Laure , Vandanjon Laurent , Bourgougnon Nathalie 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The photoadaptive responses of macroalgal communities to abiotic stresses have been studied, and a number of UV-absorbing molecules have been identified. Among these compounds, photoprotective compounds such as mycosporine-like amino acids and carotenoids have been isolated from various red macroalgal species. However, several substances still need to be characterized. We describe the preparation of photoprotective extracts obtained from Solieria chordalis. Two solvents, 2-octyl dodecanol and octyldodecyl ester of l-pyrrolidone carboxylic acid, were selected based on their cosmetic functions for performing an ultrasound-assisted extraction. The efficiency of extraction was monitored by spectrophotometry and in vitro photoprotective activity measurements. 2-Octyl dodecanol and octyldodecyl ester of l-pyrrolidone carboxylic acid extracts showed maximum absorption wavelengths ranging from 280 to 340 nm and 270 to 350 nm, respectively. The anti UV-B capacity for protecting a synthetic chlorophyll solution was assessed by measuring its pseudo first-order degradation kinetics at room temperature. Under irradiation at 312 nm, chlorophyll introduced in the 2-octyl dodecanol S. chordalis extract showed the slowest degradation kinetics with a half-life t1/2 of 121.0 min. Several compounds were detected in the seaweed extract by high-performance liquid chromatography. Among them, the mycosporine-like amino acid, palythenic acid, was detected in the algal extract.
New derivatives of 4,6-dimethylisoxazolo[3,4-b] pyridin-3(1H)-one: synthesis, tautomerism, electronic structure and antibacterial activity
Authors: Sączewski Jarosław , Kędzia Anna , Jalińska Aleksandra 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The electronic structure and prototropic tautomerism of 4,6-dimethylisoxazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-3(1H)-one (1) were studied theoretically with use of the B3LYP/6-31G* and ωB97X-D/6-31G* density functional methods and SM8 (H2 O, DMF) solvation models. Compound 1, which is a weak acid with a pK
a of 6.9, undergoes regioselective alkylation and sulfonylation under basic reaction conditions to give a series of N1-substituted products 2a–i. Later compounds were evaluated in vitro for antibacterial activity with the use of 68 strains of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, including 12 reference strains.
Material pocket dynamic mechanical analysis: a novel tool to study thermal transition in wood fibers plasticized by an ionic liquid (IL)
Authors: Ou Rongxian , Xie Yanjun , Wang Qingwen , Sui Shujuan , Wolcott Michael P. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The investigation of phase transition in powdered materials by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) is not straightforward because powders are difficult to prepare in a solid compact form without altering their structure and properties. In this study, a material pocket (MP) method has been applied to provide physical support to powdered samples for DMA testing (MP-DMA). Poplar wood strips and four types of wood particles [native wood flour (WF), α-cellulose (αC), holocellulose (HC), and particles without hemicelluloses (HR)] were treated with an ionic liquid (IL), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Emim]Cl), to a weight percent gain (WPG) of 36%. Results show that all four [Emim]Cl-treated wood particles exhibited three apparent transition peaks over the measured temperature range. Paracrystalline cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin all exhibited a glass transition temperature (T
g) at approximately 85°C due to the plasticizing effect of [Emim]Cl. The transition peak at a higher temperature may be due to the melting of crystalline cellulose in [Emim]Cl. MP-DMA is an effective tool for direct monitoring the phase transition of powdered lignocellulosics. This provides new insight into the interactions of ILs and cell wall polymers, and the method established can be easily extended to other systems based on powdered samples.
Evaluation of a subject on leadership and intrapersonal development: views of the students based on qualitative evaluation
Authors: Shek Daniel T.L. , Law Moon Y.M. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract“Tomorrow’s Leaders” is a subject developed to satisfy the leadership and intrapersonal development requirement at The Hong Kong Polytechnic University. After taking this subject, students were invited to use three descriptors and a metaphor to describe their experiences about the subject. Based on the reflections of 143 students, results showed that 94.4% of the descriptors used by informants were positive and 2.31% of the descriptors were negative. For the metaphors used to describe the subject, 92.7% were positive and 4.47% were negative. In conjunction with other findings, the present study suggests that Tomorrow’s Leaders is a subject that can promote the holistic development in Chinese university students in Hong Kong.
Intrapartum ultrasound prior to Kristeller maneuver: an observational study
Authors: Cuerva Marcos Javier , Tobias Pablo , Espinosa Jose Angel , Bartha Jose Luis 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

Objectives: To evaluate the accuracy of criteria followed by obstetricians when performing a Kristeller maneuver in cases of prolonged second stage of labor.

Methods: In this prospective observational study, the station of the fetal head was measured using the angle of progression (intrapartum ultrasound) just prior to the intervention of the managing obstetrician in 52 women with prolonged second stage of labor. The managing obstetricians were blinded to the sonographic results. The decision of performing a Kristeller maneuver was taken by the obstetricians based on digital palpation and their experience. Delivery mode, Apgar score, umbilical artery pH value, episiotomy, perineal tears, bleeding, and time to delivery were recorded.

Results: Kristeller maneuver was performed in 36/52 (69.2%) cases. There were no significant differences between the Kristeller and the non-Kristeller group regarding the angle of progression. There were no significant differences between both groups with respect to delivery mode, perineal tears, episiotomy, bleeding, Apgar score, and umbilical artery pH value.

Conclusions: Our study failed to define any criteria followed by obstetricians when performing a Kristeller maneuver in cases of prolonged second stage of labor. There was no relation between the angle of progression and the decision to perform a Kristeller maneuver.
Multilevel Monte Carlo for Asian options and limit theorems
Authors: Ben Alaya Mohamed , Kebaier Ahmed 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to study the problem of pricing Asian
options using the multilevel Monte Carlo method recently introduced by
Giles [Oper. Res. 56 (2008), no. 3, 607–617] and to prove a central limit theorem of Lindeberg–Feller
type for the obtained algorithm.
Indeed, the implementation of such a method requires first a discretization
of the integral of the payoff process.
For this, we use two well-known second order discretization schemes, namely,
the Riemann scheme and the trapezoidal scheme. More precisely, for each of these schemes,
we prove a stable law convergence result for the error
on two consecutive levels of the algorithm.
This allows us to go further and prove two central limit theorems on the
multilevel algorithm providing us a precise description on the choice of the
associated parameters with an explicit representation of the limiting variance.
For this setting of second order schemes, we give new optimal parameters
leading to the convergence of the central limit theorem. The complexity of
the multilevel Monte Carlo algorithm will be determined.
Extended metal-carbohydrate frameworks
Authors: Liu Zhichang , Stoddart J. Fraser 
Published: July 2014

AbstractCyclodextrins (CDs) – a family of cyclic oligosaccharides – are ideal building blocks for the construction of environmentally benign materials. Herein, we reflect upon the serendipitous discovery of two classes of extended crystalline materials – referred to as cyclodextrin metal-organic frameworks (CD-MOFs) and CD-Bamboo – based on CDs which offer opportunities for potential applications in the world of industry and commerce all the way from sequestering carbon dioxide to extracting gold in an eco-friendly manner. The crucial role of serendipity in scientific research expresses itself two times over at the boundaries between coordination chemistry with materials science.
Erinnerungslücke Holocaust
Authors: Rossoliński-Liebe Grzegorz 
Published: July 2014

Vorspann
Rund ein Viertel aller Opfer des Holocaust stammte aus der Ukraine, die Juden kamen oft bei Massenerschießungen in der Nähe ihrer Wohnorte ums Leben. Obwohl der mörderische Genozid hier so präsent war wie kaum anderswo, taucht er in der Erinnerungsliteratur der ukrainischen Diaspora an den Zweiten Weltkrieg so gut wie gar nicht auf. Grzegorz Rossoliński-Liebe, ausgewiesener Spezialist für die Geschichte des ukrainischen Nationalismus, vermisst diesen „weißen Fleck“ des historischen Gedächtnisses und analysiert das Narrativ, das ihn hervorgebracht hat.
Weltrevolutionär im Abseits
Authors: Vatlin Alexander 
Published: July 2014

Vorspann
In vielen Darstellungen der revolutionären Ereignisse in Bayern 1918/19 taucht der Name Tobias Axelrod auf. Seine Rolle in der Münchner Räterepublik ist bekannt, doch darüber hinaus lagen über sein Leben bislang nur sporadische Informationen vor. Der Moskauer Historiker Alexander Vatlin hat sich in russischen und deutschen Archiven auf eine biografische Spurensuche begeben und zeichnet das Porträt eines rastlosen Revolutionärs, dem zur politischen Karriere Glück und Talent fehlten und der am Ende Stalins Terror zum Opfer fiel.
Laboratory Investigation of Nonuniformly Reinforced Soil-Retaining Structures
Authors: Porbaha Ali , Goodings Deborah J. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Vertical and sloping model walls and steep slopes were built with uniform and nonuniform geotextile and backfilled with cohesive clay soil and tested to failure using a geotechnical centrifuge. The results demonstrate an overall better performance for nonuniformly reinforced models compared to the uniformly reinforced walls and slopes with equal reinforced volumes in terms of postponing the development of tension crack, increasing the prototype equivalent height at failure, and improving the reinforcement effect. These effects were more dominant for vertical walls than for slopes of 63.4° (1H:2V). However, the uniformly reinforced walls and slopes showed a better sign of warning prior to failure. Limit equilibrium stability analysis using the simplified Bishop method incorporating tangential and/or horizontal reinforcement was found to be a good predictor of model behavior. The implications of this investigation will have practical significance in cost-effective widening of existing highway and railway embankments.
Laboratory Studies on the Volume Change Characteristics of Kaolinite Contaminated with Sodium Phosphate/Sulfate
Authors: Rao Sudhakar M. , Reddy P. Mohan Rami 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Reported distress to an industrial structure from phosphate/sulfate contamination of kaolinitic foundation soil at an industrial location in Southern India prompted this laboratory study. The study examines the short-term effect of sodium sulfate/phosphate contamination on the swell/compression characteristics of a commercial kaolinite. Experimental results showed that the unsaturated contaminated kaolinite specimens exhibited slightly higher swell potentials and lower compressions than the unsaturated uncontaminated kaolinite specimens. It is suggested that the larger double layer promoted by the increased exchangeable sodium ion concentration is responsible for the slightly higher swell potentials and lower compressions of the unsaturated contaminated kaolinite specimens.
Improving Fruit Set, Yield and Fruit Quality of Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera, L. cv. Mnifi) Through Bunch Spray With Boron and Zinc
Authors: Omar Alaa El-Din K. , Ahmed M. A. , Al-Obeed R. S. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Fertilization is one of the most important cultural practices in date palm orchards. Spraying micro-nutrients has an important role in fruit set, fruit retention, development, improved total yield, and fruit characteristics. The present study was conducted during the two successive seasons, 2011 and 2012, in order to investigate the effect of bunches sprayed with boron and/or zinc on fruit set, yield, and fruit quality of 10-year-old “Mnifi” date palm. Bunches were pollinated by placing 10 “Meghal” fresh male strands among female clusters during both seasons. Nine spraying treatments were performed twice; 2 h before pollination and 4 weeks after pollination. Results of the two seasons indicated that application of 1500 ppm boron +300 ppm zinc (B1 + Zn1) increased total yield/palm, fruit weight and volume, flesh weight, soluble solids content (SSC), and total and reducing sugars. Fruit set and titratable acidity were improved with spraying of 1500 ppm boron (B1). Fruit dimensions and moisture content increased with B1 treatment in the first season and B1 + Zn1 treatment in the second season. Application of boric acid alone (1500 ppm) or combined with zinc sulphate (300 ppm) to get a positive effect on fruit set, total yield, and fruit quality of “Mnifi” date palm could be recommended.
Hydrogenated amorphous silicon germanium by Hot Wire CVD as an alternative for microcrystalline silicon in tandem and triple junction solar cells
Authors: Veldhuizen L.W. , Kuang Y. , Bakker N.J. , van der Werf C.H.M. , Yun S.-J. , Schropp R.E.I. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTWe study hydrogenated amorphous silicon germanium (a-SiGe:H) deposited by HWCVD for the use as low band gap absorber in multijunction junction solar cells. We deposited layers with Tauc optical band gaps of 1.21 to 1.56 eV and studied the hydrogen bonding with FTIR for layers that were deposited at several reaction pressures. For our reaction conditions, we found an optimal reaction pressure of 38 µbar. The material that is obtained under these conditions does not meet all device quality requirements for a-SiGe:H, which is, as we hypothesize, caused by the presence of He that is used to dilute the GeH4 source gas. We present an initial single junction n-i-p solar cell with a Tauc optical band gap of 1.45 eV and a short circuit current density of 18.7 mA/cm2.
Theoretical Methodology for Studying Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) on Disordered Binary Alloy Surfaces
Authors: Lopez-Chavez Ernesto , García-Quiroz Alberto , González-García Gerardo , Islas-Gómez Juana Laura , Díaz-Góngora José A. I. , Cesar de la Portilla-Maldonado L. , Castillo-Alvarado F.L 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTThe catalytic activity of disordered binary alloy metal surfaces is investigated for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) by generating free energy diagrams and performing calculations on d-band centers of alloys. The disorder was simulated using virtual crystal approximation; then, based on periodic, self-consistent density functional theory (DFT) methods, we calculated adsorption energies of reaction intermediates. Alternative pathway for ORR mechanism, involving proton/electron transfer to adsorbed oxygen and hydroxyl, is considered. The methodology was applied to (111) surface of PdxCu1-x disordered binary alloys, with different values of x concentration. This study found that at the ORR equilibrium potential of 1.23 V, the reactivity of all surfaces is shown to be limited by the rate of OH removal from the surface. Among the surfaces studied, the surface of Pd0.80Cu0.20 shows the highest reactivity and is more active than other non-Pt alloys. These results are in excellent agreement with earlier experimental and theoretical work.
Study of Fractal Dimension and Porosity of Li2TiO3 Used as a Battery
Authors: Nava-Dino C.G. , Cordero-De Los Rios P.I , Acosta-Chávez R.A. , Mendez-Mariscal N.L. , Mendoza-Negrete J.E. , Chacón-Nava J.G. , Martínez-Villafañe A. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTLithium ion batteries are becoming more important because of their high energy density and design flexibility. The capacity of these batteries is usually cathode limited; so, it follows that increasing the capacity of the cathode is essential to raise the performance of such batteries. In this work, fractal dimension study is used to understand the behavior of a Li2TiO3 made by mechanical milling, as a way to improve their uses in energy storage. Digital image analysis allows the study of fractal dimension; X-ray, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analysis were used to analyze changes on the surface of samples from the current results the distinctive characteristics of the surfaces for each sample may be obtained, making it possible to predict a future behavior of the samples. MATLAB software FRACLAB 2.03 developed by INRIA was used as a tool.
Thermal neutron detection enhancement by 10B implantation in silicon carbide sensor
Authors: Vervisch Vanessa , Issa Fatima , Biondo Stéphane , Ottaviani Laurent , Vervisch Wilfried , Szalkai Dora , Vermeeren Ludo , Klix Axel , Hallen Anders , Kuznetsov Andrej , Lazar Mihai , Lyoussi Abdallah 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT:The purpose of this paper is to propose the enhancement of device detectors based on p-n junction in 4H-SiC for nuclear instrumentation. Particular emphasis is placed on the interest on using Boron isotope 10 as a Neutron Converter Layer in order to detect thermal neutrons. Here, we present the main results obtained during several irradiation tests performed in the Belgian Reactor 1 (BR1). We show the capability of our detectors by means of first results of the detector response at different reverse voltage biases and at different reactor power.
High Performance ITO Nanoparticles as Nanoink for Printing as a Substitute Process of Sputtering
Authors: Muramatsu Atsushi , Kanie Kiyoshi , Sasaki Takafumi , Nakaya Masafumi 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTGenerally, indium-tin-oxides (ITO) thin film is prepared by the sputtering process with ITO target, but only 20% of ITO yielded from the target is deposited on the substrate. Namely, about 80% ITO is exhausted by the deposition elsewhere far from the substrate. The recycling process is limited so that ca 20% ITO of the starting target is lost without any recovery. Even if the recycling of ITO has been carried out in this process, we should prepare ITO target of 5 times more than apparent use of ITO on film. If we change it to printing process from the sputtering, the reduction in ITO use is expected as ca. 50%, considering the increase in film thickness by printing. Our target technology also includes ITO nanoink for the project. As a result, monodispersed ITO nanoparticles (NPs) with a cubic shape were fabricated by using quaternary ammonium hydroxide-assisted metal hydroxide organogels. These NPs have perfect uniformity in size with beautiful shape, and perfect single crystalline structure including Sn. As we were attempted to make thin film with ITO nanoink, it was successfully fabricated below 200 nm in thickness and the resistivity was drastically decreased below 1.0 x 10-3Ω cm after heat treatments. GZO nanoink as substitute of ITO has also been developed.
Relationship of the nanocrystal morphology and atomistic structure with respect to the superstructure ordering within PbS- and Gold-Mesocrystals
Authors: Bahrig Lydia , Haubold Danny , Röder Falk , Hickey Stephen G. , Eychmüller Alexander 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTThe relationship between nanoparticle geometry and their two dimensional assembly is investigated in order to provide insights into the three dimensional arrangement of mesocrystals. The crystal structure of the nanoparticles and their homogeneity are investigated during structure formation on the mesoscale whereby effects such as fibrillation have been observed.