bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The LTAR Grazing Land Common Experiment at the Jornada Experimental Range: Old genetics, new precision technologies, and adaptive value chains
Authors: Spiegal Sheri , Estell Rick , Cibils Andres , Cox Andrew , McIntosh Matthew M. , Browning Dawn M. , Duniway Michael C. , Funk Micah , Macon Lara , McCord Sarah E. , Redd Matthew , Tolle Cindy , Utsumi Santiago , Walker Jeremy , Webb Nicholas , Bestelmeyer Brandon T. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRangelands and the supply chains connected to them are central to the agrifood systems of the Southwestern United States. Local ranchers are simultaneously arid lands managers, herd managers, and marketing managers. To stay in business, they must adapt to unpredictable forage resources and markets while conserving soils and vegetation resources for the long term. As climate warming and drying exacerbate the complexity and difficulty of day‐to‐day production, producers and policymakers are seeking alternatives to “business as usual.” The Long‐Term Agroecosystem Research (LTAR)‐Jornada team has developed a package of strategies to help producers adapt to the local and inter‐regional challenges. The package includes heritage cattle, precision ranching systems, and adaptive value chains. Five ranches across the Southwest have adopted different combinations and are partnering with LTAR and each other to measure their benefits and drawbacks in real‐world conditions. Opportunities for controlled experimentation differ among the ranches, so we use LTAR's indicator system to assess and compare results. Even as we invest in co‐producing knowledge about these three strategies, we recognize that progressive aridification and urbanization of Southwestern rangelands create challenges for which a single “silver bullet” of agricultural innovation is unlikely to provide durable solutions. We are learning from our customers and stakeholders about ways to adjust the development of new options.
Measuring 24‐h use of time in people with a diabetes‐related foot ulcer: A feasibility study
Authors: Murphy Andrew , Graham Kristin , Olds Timothy , Loughry Cathy , Fraysse François , Dumuid Dot , Stanford Ty , Matricciani Lisa 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundPhysical activity (PA), sleep and sedentary time are now recognised as mutually exclusive and exhaustive parts of the 24‐h day—if PA decreases, time spent sleeping, being sedentary or both must increase so that all components equate to 24 h. Recent advances in time‐use epidemiology suggest that we should not consider time‐use domains (PA, sleep and sedentary time) in isolation from each other, but in terms of a composition—the mix of time‐use domains across the 24‐h day. While interrelated daily activities are known to be important in the management of diabetes mellitus, few studies have investigated the interrelated daily activities in people with an active diabetes‐related foot ulcer (DFU) and their impact on important outcomes such as wound severity, blood glucose control and health‐related quality of life (HRQoL). This feasibility study aims to determine the acceptability and practicality of measuring 24‐h use of time data in people with a DFU and its associations on important outcome measures for this population.MethodsParticipants wore a wrist‐worn accelerometer for two weeks and completed demographic and HRQoL questionnaires. Outcomes were participant engagement, reported levels of study burden and value and compositional data analysis as a methodological approach for evaluating 24‐h use of time data.ResultsTwenty‐six participants reported low levels of study burden and rated the study value highly. The protocol appears feasible in terms of recruitment (81%) and retention rate (86%). On average, participants were relatively sedentary spending 747, 172 and 18 min in sedentary time, light physical activity and moderate‐to‐vigorous activity, respectively. Sleep appeared adequate with participants obtaining an average of 485 min, but quality of sleep was notably poor with average sleep efficiency of 75%. Compositional data analysis was able to quantify the integrated associations of 24‐h use of time with HRQoL.ConclusionThe protocol provides an acceptable method to collect 24‐h use of time data in people with a DFU. Efforts to consider and analyse PA as part of a 24‐h activity composition may provide holistic and realistic understandings of PA in this clinical population.
Generational differences at work? A meta‐analysis and qualitative investigation
Authors: Ravid Daniel M. , Costanza David P. , Romero Madison R. 
Published: July 2024

SummaryDespite substantive criticisms of generations and mounting evidence suggesting that “generational differences” do not exist, generational characterizations remain widely popular among academics and practitioners who use them to explain employee thoughts and behaviors. The current research examined academic literature as a source that may have contributed to perpetuating generational stereotypes. In Study 1, we meta‐analyzed the generations literature to examine the extent that findings in this research conveyed a sense that generational differences exist. Results of the meta‐analysis revealed few systematic, meaningful differences among generations on a variety of outcomes. To follow up on why the generations literature generally promotes the idea of systematic differences despite the mixed and limited evidence for them, in Study 2, we conducted a qualitative investigation of the meta‐analyzed articles, looking for explanations about why research and practice using generations persist despite the lack of evidence. Results of the qualitative analysis showed that researchers often discounted null or equivocal findings and seldom raised questions about the underlying concept of generations. Our findings reinforce that researchers and practitioners should continue to seek better explanations for differences among workers, investigate the origins of generational stereotypes, and work to understand why academics and practitioners continue supporting and propagating this questionable concept.
Advancing chronologies for Last Interglacial sequences
Authors: MCGUIRE AMY M. , WAAJEN IRENE M. , BARLOW NATASHA L.M. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTStudies of the Last Interglacial (ca. 129 to 116 ka BP) provide an opportunity to study the impact of high‐latitude warm temperatures on the Earth system. To build an accurate spatio‐temporal picture of climate and environmental variability during the Last Interglacial, building robust chronologies, through which the patchwork of terrestrial, marine, and ice core archives can be correlated, is paramount. In this review, we briefly evaluate the most common approaches used to date climate and environmental archives from the Last Interglacial, as well as the chronostratigraphic tools available for direct correlation between sequences, with a focus on terrestrial archives. We then present a case study on the use of pollen biostratigraphy for correlating sequences in NW Europe, highlighting its strength as a local correlation tool, and the challenges this approach presents in comparing sequences to global records of climate and environmental change. A move towards consistently dated sequences will improve our understanding of environmental responses to Last Interglacial climate variability across different elements of the global climate system and the rates at which different elements of the climate system respond to changes in global temperatures.
Functionalized xanthohumol nanoemulsion: fabrication, characterization and bioavailability enhancement of bioactive compounds
Authors: Zhang Lifen , Lv Jiaxin , Zhang Wenchan , Yi Huixiang , Zhao Mengjian , Wang Ziying , Li Gang , Xu Bo , Ma Chengjun , Li Jinwei , Li Mei , Wang Zhenhua 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDXanthohumol is an isopentadienyl flavonoid in hops, which have several pharmacological effects. However, due to the poor bioavailability of xanthohumol, it cannot be widely used.RESULTIn this study, solvent extraction combined with preparative liquid chromatography was used to separate and purify xanthohumol in hop residue. And the purity, yield and recovery of xanthohumol was 983.0 ± 2.1 g kg−1, 921.61 ± 5.65 g kg−1, and 5.41 ± 0.07 g kg−1, respectively. Response surface methodology optimization revealed that 216.75 g kg−1 ethyl oleate, 574.1 g kg−1 polyoxyl‐35 castor oil (EL35) and 209.15 g kg−1 polyethylene glycol 200 (PEG200) produced the xanthohumol nanoemulsion with a loading capacity of 85.40 ± 0.33 g kg−1, mean droplet diameter of 42.35 ± 0.06 nm, and zeta potential of −21.78 ± 0.18 mV.CONCLUSIONXanthohumol nanoemulsion has better relative stability. The relative oral bioavailability of xanthohumol nanoemulsion was increased by 1.76 times. These results provide a theoretical basis for the application of nanoemulsion containing xanthohumol in food and pharmaceutical industry. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Evolution of spatial collaborative network in the Long March Cultural Tourism Belt: Characteristics, pattern, and mechanisms
Authors: Zhang Yan , Li Xiubai , Shao Ruinan , Zhou Haixia 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis research examines the evolution of the spatial collaborative network (SCN) within the Long March Cultural Tourism Belt in China, utilizing a mixed‐methods approach combining quantitative data analysis and GIS spatial analysis. Theoretically, it bridges national identity theory and political ideology using spatial network analysis; expanding understanding of how cultural heritage tourism contributes to national identity consolidation and the political narrative within a spatial framework. This contributes to the literature by demonstrating the role of SCNs in promoting cultural tourism's sustainable growth, addressing the call for methodological advances in cultural tourism research. In terms of the managerial side, it guides policymakers in leveraging SCNs for balanced cultural tourism growth through strategic planning and digital innovation. This research is distinguished by its comprehensive analysis of SCN evolution in a significant cultural tourism context, providing a model for global application.
Efficient Rational Approximation of Optical Response Functions with the AAA Algorithm
Authors: Betz Fridtjof , Hammerschmidt Martin , Zschiedrich Lin , Burger Sven , Binkowski Felix 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA theoretical framework for the rational approximation of optical response functions in resonant photonic systems is introduced. The framework is based on the AAA algorithm and further allows to solve the underlying nonlinear eigenproblems and to efficiently model sensitivities. An adaptive sampling strategy exploits the predominance of resonances in the physical response. A chiral metasurface is investigated and it is shown that the chiroptical response on parameter variations can be accurately modeled in the vicinity of the relevant resonance frequencies.
Is authenticity key? Mobilization by social media influencers versus celebrities and young people's political participation
Authors: Harff Darian , Schmuck Desiree 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPopular personalities like social media influencers (SMIs) and traditional celebrities can not only be used in the context of for‐profit marketing, but also help non‐profit campaigns address young audiences. Across three experiments (NTotal = 1233), we compared the effectiveness of SMIs’ mobilizing appeals in relation to a humanitarian issue to those made by traditional celebrities. Inspired by meaning transfer theory, we expected SMIs and their endorsements to be perceived as particularly authentic, elucidating their possibly unique influence on young people's participation. In Study 1, mobilizing appeals from popular personalities generally increased participation intentions among young people, but SMIs were not more effective in this role than celebrities. Study 2 and Study 3 showed that effects of the two source types are dependent on gender. Controlling for source and endorsement authenticity, we found that SMIs were better at directly mobilizing young women for political participation than celebrities. In contrast, young men were more easily convinced by celebrities to engage in political action, due to higher authenticity attributed to celebrities’ endorsements. While SMIs were not consistently perceived as more authentic than celebrities, the success of popular personalities’ mobilizing appeals can generally be well explained by perceived source authenticity and perceived authenticity of endorsements.
Recent advances in liquid‐phase NMR of the coal‐derived products
Authors: Krivdin Leonid B. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPresent review focuses on the most recent advances in a liquid‐phase nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) of the coal‐derived products—coal tar pitches, asphaltenes, and humic and fulvic acids, covering exclusively the results in the liquid‐phase NMR studies leaving apart an overwhelming amount of publications dealing with the solid‐state NMR investigations in this field (which are comprehensively reviewed elsewhere). Owing to the complexity of the coal‐derived products, their 1H and 13C NMR spectra consist of a number of overlapping signals belonging to different hydrocarbon types. Comprehensive studies of coal tar pitches, asphaltenes, and humic and fulvic acids by means of NMR over the past several decades revealed characteristic functional groups of those fractions together with spectral regions in which they resonate. Quantitative 1H and 13C NMR spectra characterize aromatic and saturated carbons spread over many structural moieties, which provides a solid guideline into molecular structure of the coal‐derived products. Nowadays, quantitative 13C NMR measurements yield information about a variety of structural parameters such as functional group distribution, aromaticity, degree of condensation of aromatic rings, and medium chain lengths together with many other more specific parameters. The structural NMR studies of coal and coal‐derived products are developing on a backdrop of a marked progress in computational NMR. At present, we are witnessing an unprecedentedly fast development of theoretical and computational methods in the field of NMR spectroscopy. Discussed in the present review are the most recent advances in the NMR studies of the processing products of peat, lignite or brown coal, anthracite or hard coal, and graphite in solution, like coal tar pitches, asphaltenes, and humic and fulvic acids.
Pricing a product with network effects for sale to a fixed population of customers
Authors: Chen Tongqing , Cooper William L. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe consider a deterministic dynamic pricing problem for a product that exhibits network effects and that is sold to a fixed heterogeneous population of customers. We begin by introducing a demand model wherein those customers are arrayed over two‐dimensional space according to a bivariate probability distribution. Each customer's location in space provides a description of that customer's intrinsic value for the product as well as the extent to which the customer is influenced by the network effect. In the pricing problem, as sales accumulate over time, the set of customers who have already purchased the product grows, while the set of customers who have not yet purchased the product shrinks. The total customer population remains fixed. Those who have not yet purchased constitute the remaining population of potential buyers of the product. As time moves forward, the mix of customers that remain as potential buyers evolves endogenously. The demand model yields a geometric interpretation of the remaining population of potential buyers, and gives rise to a dynamic program with states that are sets in two‐dimensional space. It is not practical to solve the dynamic pricing problem to optimality, so we present bounds and comparative statics results that help us identify tractable heuristics and obtain rigorous performance guarantees. In numerical experiments, we find that fixed‐price policies may perform poorly, especially when the network effect is strong or the time horizon is long. We also introduce a stochastic version of the problem that uses a spatial Poisson process to describe the customers, and we develop and analyze a heuristic approach for that formulation.
A pediatric primary care practice‐based obesity intervention to support families: a cluster‐randomized clinical trial
Authors: Pbert Lori , Druker Sue , Crawford Sybil , Frisard Christine , Bram Jennifer , Olendzki Barbara , Andersen Victoria , Hazelton Jennifer , Simone Dante , Trivedi Michelle , Ryan Grace , Schneider Kristin , Geller Alan C. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that pediatric practices help families make lifestyle changes to improve BMI, but provider time and access to treatment are limited. This study compared the effectiveness of two pediatric practice‐based referral interventions in reducing BMI.MethodsIn this cluster‐randomized clinical trial, 20 pediatric primary care practices were randomized to telephonic coaching (Fitline Coaching) or mailed workbook (Fitline Workbook). Parents and their 8‐ to 12‐year‐old children with BMI ≥ 85th percentile completed assessments at baseline and at 6 and 12 months post baseline. Primary outcomes were 12‐month BMI percentile and z score.ResultsA total of 501 children and their parents received Fitline Coaching (n = 243) or Fitline Workbook (n = 258); 26.8% had overweight, 55.4% had obesity, and 17.8% had severe obesity. Mean (SD) age was 10.5 (1.4), and 47.5% were female. BMI percentile improved in both groups; 12‐month decline in continuous BMI z score was not statistically significant in either group. However, 20.8% of telephonic coaching participants and 12.4% of workbook participants achieved a clinically significant reduction of at least 0.25 in BMI z score, a significant between‐group difference (p = 0.0415).ConclusionsBoth low‐intensity interventions were acceptable and produced modest improvements in BMI percentile. One in five children in the telephonic coaching condition achieved clinically meaningful BMI z score improvements. However, more research is needed before such a program could be recommended for pediatric primary care practice.
Optimal and robust control methodologies for 4DOF active suspension systems: A comparative study with uncertainty considerations
Authors: Alqudsi Yunes , Bolat Fevzi Cakmak , Makaraci Murat 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDrawing from recent developments in the field, this article explores advanced control methodologies for active suspension systems with the aim of enhancing ride comfort and vehicle handling. The study systematically and comprehensively implements, simulates, and compares five control methods: Proportional‐integral‐derivative (PID), linear quadratic regulator (LQR), , , and synthesis in the context of half‐vehicle active suspension systems. By using a detailed system model that includes parameter uncertainties and performance weights, analysis, and simulations are conducted to evaluate the performance of each control approach. The results provide valuable insights into the strengths and limitations of these methods, offering a comprehensive comparative analysis. Notably, the study reveals that control may not ensure stability for all possible combinations within a broad range of uncertainties, indicating the need for careful consideration in its application. The results and simulations thoroughly evaluate and compare the performance of each control strategy across various output responses, contributing to the advancement of more effective and reliable active suspension systems.
Defying Predictions: Global Bureaucracy and the Art of not Making Guesses about Papua New Guinea
Authors: Handman Courtney 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTPapua New Guinea's story of decolonisation has never meshed very well with standard visions of nationalist struggle. Focused exclusively on the coloniser and the colonised, these narratives ignore the role played by post‐war global groups and organisations whose decolonial work has largely been forgotten. In this article, I examine the role of the United Nations Trusteeship Council in pushing Australia and Papua New Guinea towards decolonisation through their bureaucratic demands for particular forms of information flow. Australia responded to these demands for information – in particular demands for target dates for independence – by claiming that the Trust Territory of New Guinea was a space in which it was impossible to make any kind of predictions. Through annual reports and careful stage‐management of UN Trusteeship Council Visiting Missions, Australia presented their own failures of governance to the UN as natural facts of the Territory of New Guinea's geographic and cultural ‘fragmentation’ rather than as a political fact of Australia's own resources and management. This set the stage for the kinds of contemporary discourses of fragmentation and division that are hallmarks of complaints about Papua New Guinea as a failed state.
Acidic Pepsin Affects Laryngeal Carcinoma Cell Growth and Invasion Through Glycolysis
Authors: Yu Ding‐Li , Li Ke‐Da , Bao Yang‐Yang , Fu Zi‐Ming , Fan Jun , Zhou Shui‐Hong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe pathogenic mechanism underlying the effects of acidic pepsin in laryngeal cancer remains unclear. This study investigated whether acidic pepsin influences Glut‐1 expression and glycolytic activity in laryngeal carcinoma cells and whether it plays a role in the growth and migration of these cells through glycolysis.Study DesignIn vitro study.SettingA university‐affiliated hospital.MethodsLaryngeal carcinoma TU 212 and TU 686 cells were treated with acidic pepsin and 2‐deoxy‐d‐glucose (2‐DG), then transfected with Glut‐1 small interfering RNA (siRNA). Glucose uptake was detected by a radioimmunoassay counter, lactate secretion was detected by a lactic acid kit, and Glut‐1 expression was detected by western blotting. Cell viability, migration and invasion, and clonal formation were assessed using the Cell Counting Kit‐8, Transwell chamber, and clonal formation assays, respectively.ResultsAcidic pepsin significantly increased Glut‐1 expression in laryngeal carcinoma cells compared with the control group (P < .01). It also significantly enhanced 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose (Cin/Cout) uptake, lactate secretion, cell viability, migration, invasion, and clonal formation in laryngeal carcinoma cells compared with the control group (P < .01). The glycolytic inhibitor 2‐DG and Glut‐1 siRNA significantly reversed the effects of acidic pepsin on laryngeal carcinoma cells (P < .01).ConclusionAcidic pepsin enhances the growth and migration of laryngeal carcinoma cells by upregulating Glut‐1, thus promoting glycolysis.