bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal inactivation of hepatitis A virus in suspension and in dried mussels (Mytilus edulis)
Authors: Park Shin Young , Ha Sang‐Do 
Published: September 2014

SummaryWe examined the effects of three different temperatures (60, 85 and 100 °C) and durations of time (1 min at 100 °C to 30 min at 60 °C) on hepatitis A virus (HAV) in suspension and dried mussels (Mytilus edulis). In suspension, 3.61, 4.48, 5.06 and 5.66 log10 tissue culture infectious dose (TCID)50/mL were reduced by 60 °C for 5 min, 60 °C for 15 min, 60 °C for 30 min and 85 °C for 3 min, respectively. In dried mussels, 1.34, 1.94, 3.16, 2.36, 3.53 and 4.38 log10TCID50/mL were reduced by 60 °C for 5 min, 60 °C for 15 min, 60 °C for 30 min, 85 °C for 3 min, 85 °C for 6 min and 85 °C for 10 min, respectively. HAV inactivation from suspension and dried mussels was achieved by 85 °C for 6 min and 15 min, respectively, and also by a 1 min at 100 °C. At 60, 85 and 100 °C, the 1‐log (D‐values) inactivation from both suspension and dried mussels was 6.33 and 7.93, 0.98 and 3.05, and 0.28 and 0.38 min, respectively. A higher temperature and/or a thermal treatment time shorter than 85 °C for 6 min (100 °C for 1 min) could be used for commercial target foods for complete HAV inactivation.
High‐Performance (Na0.5K0.5)NbO3 Thin Film Piezoelectric Energy Harvester
Authors: Kim Bo‐Yun , Seo In‐Tae , Lee Youn‐Seon , Kim Jin‐Seong , Nahm Sahn , Kang Chong‐Yun , Yoon Seok‐Jin , Paik Jong‐Hoo , Jeong Young‐Hun 
Published: September 2014

The pseudocubic structure of a (Na0.5K0.5)NbO3 (NKN) film grown on a Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrate changed to an orthorhombic structure when the film was transferred onto a polyimide substrate. Piezoelectric constant for the transferred NKN film increased considerably from 74 ± 11 to 120 ± 18 pm/V because the crystal structure of the film had changed from pseudocubic to orthorhombic. A gold interdigitated electrode was deposited onto the transferred NKN film to synthesize a NKN piezoelectric energy harvester. The NKN piezoelectric energy harvester was poled before bending under a 100 kV/cm DC electric field across the electrodes. When a strain of 0.85% and a strain rate of 4.05%/s were applied to the NKN piezoelectric energy harvester, it produced a maximum output voltage of 1.9 V and a current of 38 nA, corresponding to a power density of 2.89 μW/cm3.
Psychological effects of fetal diagnoses of non‐lethal congenital anomalies on the experience of pregnant women during the remainder of their pregnancy
Authors: Titapant Vitaya , Chuenwattana Prakong 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to explore the effects of prenatal fetal diagnoses of non‐lethal anomalies on the psychological well‐being of pregnant women throughout their pregnancy.Materials and MethodsFifty‐five pregnant women were asked to complete a questionnaire (the Spielberger State–Trait Anxiety Inventory) to assess their anxiety levels at multiple follow‐up visits. In‐depth interviews were conducted with 20 pregnant women after completion of the questionnaire.ResultsWe identified three stages of psychological distress. The intense negative psychological reaction stage was characterized by an intense psychological distress in response to the loss of an ideal child. The psychological healing stage was characterized by the emergence of coping mechanisms and a concomitant decrease in psychological distress. Finally, the intense negative psychological reaction re‐emergence stage was characterized by an increase in psychological distress related to uncertainty regarding the future of the baby.ConclusionsFollowing a prenatal diagnosis of a non‐lethal anomaly, both the nature and the intensity of the psychological distress experienced by pregnant women change throughout the remainder of their pregnancy. Throughout the remainder of their pregnancy, these women should be offered effective psychological support that accounts for each of the distinct psychological response stages identified in this study.
Successful pregnancy in a Peutz–Jeghers syndrome patient with lobular endocervical glandular hyperplasia
Authors: Takei Yuji , Fujiwara Hiroyuki , Nagashima Tomomi , Takahashi Yoshifumi , Takahashi Suzuyo , Suzuki Mitsuaki 
Published: September 2014

AbstractLobular endocervical glandular hyperplasia (LEGH) is histologically similar to minimal deviation adenocarcinoma (MDA), but classified as a benign disease. Although MDA often develops in Peutz–Jeghers syndrome (PJS) patients, there have been only a few reports on PJS with LEGH. We report a PJS patient who was diagnosed with LEGH by conization and delivered a baby 42 months later. She was referred to our department for multicystic lesions in the uterine cervix at 26 years old. Diagnostic conization was performed, and the histopathological diagnosis was LEGH. As the possibility of MDA could not be ruled out because of concomitant PJS, hysterectomy was considered. However, course observation was selected because the patient strongly wished to preserve fertility. She delivered a baby at 30 years old. The finding that PJS patients may be complicated by LEGH is very important. Loss of fertility by over‐treatment should be avoided if patients desire its preservation.
Crude oil price dynamics and transmission mechanism of the macroeconomic indicators inNigeria
Authors: Omojolaibi Joseph Ayoola 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe preoccupation of this study is to investigate the dynamic impacts of crude oil price on the economic growth of Nigeria. The technique of estimation used in this study is the structural vector autoregressive type. This method is applied to articulate the transmission mechanism of macroeconomic effects of domestic price level, economic output, money supply and volatile crude oil price in Nigeria. The study sample covers the period between 1985 and 2010. The data used are on a quarterly basis. The results of both the impulse response functions and the forecast error variance decompositions indicate that domestic shocks are responsible for a reasonable portion of crude oil price fluctuations. Although crude oil price volatility has significant positive impacts on economic output, however, money supply shocks are the main cause of gross domestic product fluctuations. This study concludes that crude oil price has very important impact on the Nigerian economy and the monetary policy is the channel through which this impact transmits.
Model plant systems in salinity and drought stress proteomics studies: a perspective on Arabidopsis and Sorghum
Authors: Ngara R. , Ndimba B. K. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractMore than a decade after the sequencing of its genome, Arabidopsis still stands as the epitome of a model system in plant biology. Arabidopsis proteomics has also taught us great lessons on different aspects of plant growth, development and physiology. Without doubt our understanding of basic principles of plant biology would not have been this advanced if it were not for knowledge gained using Arabidopsis as a model system. However, with the projections of global climate change and rapid population growth, it is high time we evaluate the applicability of this model system in studies aimed at understanding abiotic stress tolerance and adaptation, with a particular emphasis on maintaining yield under hot and dry environmental conditions. Because of the innate nature of sorghum's tolerance to drought and moderate tolerance to salinity stresses, we believe sorghum is the next logical model system in such studies amongst cereals. In this acute view, we highlight the importance of Arabidopsis as a model system, briefly discuss its potential limitations in drought and salt stress studies, and present our views on the potential usefulness of sorghum as a model system for cereals in drought and salinity stress proteomic studies.
The influence of flavonoids in maize pericarp on fusarium ear rot symptoms and fumonisin accumulation under field conditions
Authors: Venturini G. , Toffolatti S. L. , Assante G. , Babazadeh L. , Campia P. , Fasoli E. , Salomoni D. , Vercesi A. 
Published: September 2014

Breeding efforts have been undertaken to increase resistance of maize to fusarium ear rot (FER) and to fumonisin accumulation. Flavonoids in the pericarp of the kernels are considered particularly able to reduce the fumonisin accumulation. The aim of this 2‐year field study was to assess the effect of flavonoids on FER symptoms and fumonisin contamination in maize kernels using two isogenic hybrids, one providing pigmentation in the pericarp (P1‐rr) and the other without it (P1‐wr). FER incidence (FERi), FER severity (FERs), the incidence of infections caused by Fusarium spp. in symptomless kernels (FF) and fumonisin contamination (FUM) were assessed in both hybrids. Significant differences between the two hybrids were detected mainly in 2012 trials where P1‐rr showed lower FERi (P < 0·01), FF (P < 0·05) and FUM (P < 0·1) than P1‐wr. Site, characterized by local temperature and precipitation, played a relevant role in modelling all the measured variables, as its effect was highly significant in both years, whether they were considered individually or altogether. The interaction of hybrid with location was a significant (P < 0·001) source of variation only for FF. FF, together with FERi, was also significantly (P < 0·001) influenced by the interaction of hybrid with year. In general, FUM was more influenced by year and location parameters, such as temperatures during late ripening, than by flavonoid presence in kernel pericarp. The results indicate that flavonoid pigments alone may not be an important component in the resistance of maize to fumonisin accumulation.
Effect of nitrogenous resource on growth, biochemical composition and ultrastructure of Isochrysis galbana (Isochrysidales, Haptophyta)
Authors: Roopnarain Ashira , Sym Stuart , Gray Vincent Myles 
Published: September 2014

SummaryThe nitrogenous resource used to promote algal growth has cost implications for mass culture processes. The present study therefore aimed to determine the effect of different nitrogenous resources (nitrate, ammonium and urea) on various performance parameters (growth, final cell yield, pigmentation, lipid yield and cellular and sub‐cellular characteristics) in Isochrysis galbana. Growth rate was unaffected by nitrogenous resource, but the final cellular yield in the nitrate and urea treatments far exceeded that evident in the ammonium treatments. The reduced cell yield in ammonium treatments and the earlier onset of the stationary phase was brought about by nitrogen‐starvation due to an increase in pH and resultant ammonia volatilization. This starvation initiated an early onset of lipid accumulation, chlorophyll depletion and an increase in the carotenoid to chlorophyll ratio relative to the other nitrogen (N) source treatments. Hence, in spite of being potentially the preferred source of N by algae (due to its reduced state), ammonium‐nitrogen is undesirable for mass culture. The performance parameters of Isochrysis grown in urea (an organic N source) and nitrate (an inorganic N source) were similar, but lipid accrued earlier in cells grown in medium supplemented with urea. This is advantageous for lipid acquisition for the production of biodiesel since it would reduce the duration of photobioreactor runs. Urea is easily available and considerably cheaper than all the other N sources tested and is thus recommended as the nitrogenous resource for large‐scale culture of I. galbana for biodiesel production.
Distribution of airway smooth muscle remodelling in asthma: Relation to airway inflammation
Authors: Elliot John G. , Jones Robyn L. , Abramson Michael J. , Green Francis H. , Mauad Thais , McKay Karen O. , Bai Tony R. , James Alan L. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackground and objectivePathological phenotypes of asthma have been based predominantly on inflammation, rather than airway wall remodelling. Differences in the distribution of airway smooth muscle (ASM) remodelling between large and small airways may affect clinical outcomes in asthma. The aim of this study was to examine the distribution of ASM remodelling and its relation to airway inflammation.MethodsPost‐mortem cases of asthma (n = 68) were categorized by the distribution of increased thickness of the ASM layer (relative to nonasthmatic controls, n = 37), into ‘large only’ (LO, n = 15), ‘small only’ (SO, n = 4) ‘large/small’ (LS, n = 24) or no increase (NI, n = 25). Subject characteristics, ASM and airway wall dimensions and inflammatory cell numbers were compared between groups.ResultsApart from reduced clinical severity of asthma in NI cases (P = 0.002), subject characteristics did not distinguish asthma groups. Compared with control subjects, ASM cell number, reticular basement membrane thickness, airway wall thickness, percent muscle shortening and eosinophil number were increased (P < 0.05) in both large and small airways in LS cases and only the large airways in LO cases. Increased numbers of neutrophils were observed only in the small airways of LO cases.ConclusionsDistinct distributions of ASM remodelling are seen in asthma. Pathology limited to the small airways was uncommon. Increased thickness of the ASM layer was associated with airway remodelling and eosinophilia, but not neutrophilia. These data support the presence of distinct pathological phenotypes based on the site of increased ASM.
Pulmonary physiology: Future directions for lung function testing in COPD
Authors: Brusasco Vito , Barisione Giovanni , Crimi Emanuele 
Published: September 2014

AbstractChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a term that encompasses different pathological conditions having excessive airflow limitation in common. A wide body of knowledge has been accumulated over the last century explaining the mechanisms by which airway (chronic bronchitis) and parenchymal (emphysema) diseases lead to an indistinguishable spirometric abnormality. Although the definition of emphysema is anatomical, early studies showed that its presence can be inferred with good approximation from measurements of lung mechanics and gas exchange, in addition to simple spirometry. Studies using tests of ventilation distribution showed that abnormalities are present in smokers with normal spirometry, although these tests were not predictive of development of COPD. At the beginning of the third millennium, new documents and guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of COPD were developed, in which the functional diagnosis of COPD was restricted, for the sake of simplicity, to simple spirometry. In recent years, there has been a resurgence of interest in separating bronchitic from emphysematous phenotype of COPD. For this purpose, high‐resolution computed tomography scanning has been added to diagnostic work‐up. At the same time, methods for lung function testing have been refined and seem promising for detection of early small airways abnormalities. Among them are the forced oscillation technique and the nitrogen phase III slope analysis of the multiple‐breath washout test, which may provide information on ventilation inhomogeneity. Moreover, the combined assessment of diffusing capacity for nitric oxide and carbon monoxide may be more sensitive than the latter alone for partitioning diffusive components at parenchymal level.
The importance of multidisciplinary healthcare for paraneoplastic pemphigus
Authors: Zamel Ghada Al , Micheletti Robert G. , Nasta Sunita D. , Palakshappa Jessica , Stoopler Eric T. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTParaneoplastic pemphigus (PNP) is a mucocutaneous disease that occurs in association with an underlying neoplasm. Oral mucosal lesions may be the only manifestation of this condition, or they may be observed in association with cutaneous lesions. The prognosis of PNP is generally poor, and the disease is often fatal. This article highlights an aggressive case of PNP that initially presented with oral mucosal lesions and emphasizes the importance of a multidisciplinary approach for evaluation and management of this condition.
Implementing large‐scale programmes to optimise the health workforce in low‐ and middle‐income settings: a multicountry case study synthesis
Authors: Gopinathan Unni , Lewin Simon , Glenton Claire 
Published: September 2014

AbstractObjectivesTo identify factors affecting the implementation of large‐scale programmes to optimise the health workforce in low‐ and middle‐income countries.MethodsWe conducted a multicountry case study synthesis. Eligible programmes were identified through consultation with experts and using Internet searches. Programmes were selected purposively to match the inclusion criteria. Programme documents were gathered via Google Scholar and PubMed and from key informants. The SURE Framework – a comprehensive list of factors that may influence the implementation of health system interventions – was used to organise the data. Thematic analysis was used to identify the key issues that emerged from the case studies.ResultsProgrammes from Brazil, Ethiopia, India, Iran, Malawi, Venezuela and Zimbabwe were selected. Key system‐level factors affecting the implementation of the programmes were related to health worker training and continuing education, management and programme support structures, the organisation and delivery of services, community participation, and the sociopolitical environment.ConclusionsExisting weaknesses in health systems may undermine the implementation of large‐scale programmes to optimise the health workforce. Changes in the roles and responsibilities of cadres may also, in turn, impact the health system throughout.
Arabidopsis gulliver1/superroot2‐7 identifies a metabolic basis for auxin and brassinosteroid synergy
Authors: Maharjan Puna M. , Dilkes Brian P. , Fujioka Shozo , Pěnčík Aleš , Ljung Karin , Burow Meike , Halkier Barbara A. , Choe Sunghwa 
Published: September 2014

SummaryPhytohormone homeostasis is essential for proper growth and development of plants. To understand the growth mechanisms mediated by hormonal levels, we isolated a gulliver1 (gul1) mutant that had tall stature in the presence of both brassinazole and the light. The gul1 phenotype depended on functional BR biosynthesis; the genetic introduction of dwarf4, a BR biosynthetic mutation, masked the long hypocotyl phenotype of gul1. Furthermore, BR biosynthesis was dramatically enhanced, such that the level of 22‐hydroxy campesterol was 5.8‐fold greater in gul1. Molecular cloning revealed that gul1 was a missense mutation, resulting in a glycine to arginine change at amino acid 116 in SUPERROOT2 (CYP83B1), which converts indole acetaldoxime to an S‐alkyl thiohydroximate adduct in the indole glucosinolate pathway. Auxin metabolite profiling coupled with quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) analysis of auxin biosynthetic genes revealed that gul1/sur2‐7 activated multiple alternative branches of tryptophan‐dependent auxin biosynthetic pathways. Furthermore, exogenous treatment of gul1/sur2‐7 with BRs caused adventitious roots from hypocotyls, indicative of an increased response to BRs relative to wild‐type. Different from severe alleles of sur2, gul1/sur2‐7 lacked ‘high‐auxin’ phenotypes that include stunted growth and callus‐like disintegration of hypocotyl tissues. The auxin level in gul1/sur2‐7 was only 1.6‐fold greater than in the wild‐type, whereas it was 4.2‐fold in a severe allele like sur2‐8. Differences in auxin content may account for the range of phenotypes observed among the sur2 alleles. This unusual allele provides long‐sought evidence for a synergistic interaction between auxin and BRs in promoting growth in Arabidopsis at the level of their biosynthetic enzymes.
Characterization of stress‐responsive lncRNAs in Arabidopsis thaliana by integrating expression, epigenetic and structural features
Authors: Di Chao , Yuan Jiapei , Wu Yue , Li Jingrui , Lin Huixin , Hu Long , Zhang Ting , Qi Yijun , Gerstein Mark B. , Guo Yan , Lu Zhi John 
Published: September 2014

SummaryRecently, in addition to poly(A)+ long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs), many lncRNAs without poly(A) tails, have been characterized in mammals. However, the non‐polyA lncRNAs and their conserved motifs, especially those associated with environmental stresses, have not been fully investigated in plant genomes. We performed poly(A)− RNA‐seq for seedlings of Arabidopsis thaliana under four stress conditions, and predicted lncRNA transcripts. We classified the lncRNAs into three confidence levels according to their expression patterns, epigenetic signatures and RNA secondary structures. Then, we further classified the lncRNAs to poly(A)+ and poly(A)− transcripts. Compared with poly(A)+ lncRNAs and coding genes, we found that poly(A)− lncRNAs tend to have shorter transcripts and lower expression levels, and they show significant expression specificity in response to stresses. In addition, their differential expression is significantly enriched in drought condition and depleted in heat condition. Overall, we identified 245 poly(A)+ and 58 poly(A)− lncRNAs that are differentially expressed under various stress stimuli. The differential expression was validated by qRT‐PCR, and the signaling pathways involved were supported by specific binding of transcription factors (TFs), phytochrome‐interacting factor 4 (PIF4) and PIF5. Moreover, we found many conserved sequence and structural motifs of lncRNAs from different functional groups (e.g. a UUC motif responding to salt and a AU‐rich stem‐loop responding to cold), indicated that the conserved elements might be responsible for the stress‐responsive functions of lncRNAs.
Residual risk and retrospective analysis of transfusion‐transmitted bacterial infection reported by the French National Hemovigilance Network from 2000 to 2008
Authors: Lafeuillade Bruno , Eb François , Ounnoughene Nadra , Petermann Rachel , Daurat Gérald , Huyghe Gérard , Vo Mai Mai‐Phuong , Caldani Cyril , Rebibo Danielle , Weinbreck Pierre 
Published: September 2014

BackgroundRegarding blood safety, transfusion‐transmitted bacterial infection (TTBI) remains the most frequent infectious risk. The incidence of these episodes needs to be assessed and updated frequently to accurately manage this risk.Study Design and MethodsTTBIs were reported by the French network of local correspondents in each hospital and blood center. The regional coordinator managed the investigation. A multidisciplinary expert group from the French National Agency of Medicine and Health Products Safety (ANSM) analyzed each TTBI according to a standardized scale of imputability and severity. Only cases with likely or certain imputability are reported in this study.ResultsIn France, 18.0 × 106 red blood cell (RBC) products, 1.94 × 106 platelet concentrates (PCs), and 2.44 × 106 fresh‐frozen plasma units were transfused throughout 2000 to 2008. The incidence of TTBI was 2.45, 24.7, and 0.39 per million blood components (BCs), PCs, and RBCs, respectively. For PCs, the incidences of severe (vital threat or death) and fatal TTBI were 13.4 and 5.14 per million, respectively. PCs were responsible for 87% of TTBIs. A total of 66.7% of the implicated bacteria were Gram positive, most of them belonging to the normal skin flora. A total of 33.3% of the other implicated bacteria were Gram negative.ConclusionThe French hemovigilance system provides an accurate estimate of the TTBI incidence during a period with diversion and improving skin disinfection but without bacterial detection screening. This tool would be able to evaluate further additional safety procedures like bacterial screening and pathogen reduction technology.