bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arboreal adaptations of body fat in wild toque macaques (Macaca sinica) and the evolution of adiposity in primates
Authors: Dittus Wolfgang P. J. 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTThere is a paucity of information on body composition and fat patterning in wild nonhuman primates. Dissected adipose tissue from wild toque macaques (Macaca sinica) (WTM), feeding on a natural diet, accounted for 2.1% of body weight. This was far less than fatness reported for nonhuman primates raised in captivity or for contemporary humans. In WTM, fatness increased with age and diet richness, but did not differ by sex. In WTM (none of which were obese) intra‐abdominal fat filled first, and “excess” fat was stored peripherally in a ratio of about 6:1. Intermuscular fat was minimal (0.1%). The superficial paunch held <15% of subcutaneous fat weight in contrast to its much larger proportions in obese humans and captive monkeys where most added fat accumulates subcutaneously. With increasing total adiposity, accumulating fat shifted in its distribution among eight different main internal and peripheral deposit areas—consistent with maintaining body balance and a low center of gravity. The available data suggest that, in arboreal primates, adaptations for agile locomotion and terminal branch feeding set constraints on the quantity and distribution of fat. The absence of a higher percentage of body fat in females and neonates (as are typical of humans) suggests that arboreal adaptations preclude the development of fat‐dependent, large‐brained infants and the adipose‐rich mothers needed to sustain them. The lifestyle and body composition of wild primates represent a more appropriate model for early human foragers than well‐fed captive monkeys do. Am J Phys Anthropol 152:333–344, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Brief Report: Identification of BACH2 and RAD51B as Rheumatoid Arthritis Susceptibility Loci in a Meta‐Analysis of Genome‐Wide Data
Authors: McAllister Kate , Yarwood Annie , Bowes John , Orozco Gisela , Viatte Sebastian , Diogo Dorothée , Hocking Lynne J. , Steer Sophia , Wordsworth Paul , Wilson A. G. , Morgan Ann W. ,   UK Rheumatoid Arthritis Genetics Consortium, Rheumatoid Arthritis Consortium International, Kremer Joel M. , Pappas Dimitrios , Gregersen Peter , Klareskog Lars , Plenge Robert , Barton Anne , Greenberg Jeffrey , Worthington Jane , Eyre Stephen 
Published: September 2013

ObjectiveA recent high‐density fine‐mapping (ImmunoChip) study of genetic associations in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) identified 14 risk loci with validated genome‐wide significance, as well as a number of loci showing associations suggestive of significance (P = 5 × 10−5 < 5 × 10−8), but these have yet to be replicated. The aim of this study was to determine whether these potentially significant loci are involved in the pathogenesis of RA, and to explore whether any of the loci are associated with a specific RA serotype.MethodsA total of 16 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected for genotyping and association analyses in 2 independent validation cohorts, comprising 6,106 RA cases and 4,290 controls. A meta‐analysis of the data from the original ImmunoChip discovery cohort and from both validation cohorts was carried out, for a combined total of 17,581 RA cases and 20,160 controls. In addition, stratified analysis of patient subsets, defined according to their anti–cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti‐CCP) antibody status, was performed.ResultsA significant association with RA risk (P < 0.05) was replicated for 6 of the SNPs assessed in the validation cohorts. All SNPs in the validation study had odds ratios (ORs) for RA susceptibility in the same direction as those in the ImmunoChip discovery study. One SNP, rs72928038, mapping to an intron of BACH2, achieved genome‐wide significance in the meta‐analysis (P = 1.2 × 10−8, OR 1.12), and a second SNP, rs911263, mapping to an intron of RAD51B, was significantly associated in the anti‐CCP–positive RA subgroup (P = 4 × 10−8, OR 0.89), confirming that both are RA susceptibility loci.ConclusionThis study provides robust evidence for an association of RA susceptibility with genes involved in B cell differentiation (BACH2) and DNA repair (RAD51B). The finding that the RAD51B gene exhibited different associations based on serologic subtype adds to the expanding knowledge base in defining subgroups of RA.
MicroRNA‐127‐5p Regulates Matrix Metalloproteinase 13 Expression and Interleukin‐1β–Induced Catabolic Effects in Human Chondrocytes
Authors: Park Su Jin , Cheon Eun Jeong , Lee Mi Hyun , Kim Hyun Ah 
Published: September 2013

ObjectiveMicroRNAs (miRNAs), small noncoding RNA molecules, are involved in the pathogenesis of various diseases such as cancer and arthritis. The aim of this study was to determine whether miR‐127‐5p regulates interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β)–induced expression of matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP‐13) and other catabolic factors in human chondrocytes.MethodsExpression of miR‐127‐5p and MMP‐13 by normal and osteoarthritic (OA) human cartilage was determined using real‐time polymerase chain reaction. The effect of miR‐127‐5p on MMP‐13 expression was evaluated using transient transfection of human chondrocytes or chondrogenic SW‐1353 cells with miR‐127‐5p or its antisense inhibitor (anti–miR‐127‐5p). MMP‐13 protein production was quantified by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and the involvement of miR‐127‐5p in IL‐1β–mediated catabolic effects was examined by immunoblotting. MicroRNA‐127‐5p binding with the putative site in the 3′‐untranslated region (3′‐UTR) of MMP‐13 messenger RNA (mRNA) was validated by luciferase reporter assay.ResultsThere was a significant reduction in miR‐127‐5p expression in OA cartilage compared with normal cartilage. Up‐regulation of MMP‐13 expression by IL‐1β was correlated with down‐regulation of miR‐127‐5p expression in human chondrocytes. MicroRNA‐127‐5p suppressed IL‐1β–induced MMP‐13 production as well as the activity of a reporter construct containing the 3′‐UTR of human MMP‐13 mRNA. In addition, mutation of the miR‐127‐5p binding site in the 3′‐UTR of MMP‐13 mRNA abolished miR‐127‐5p–mediated repression of reporter activity. Conversely, treatment with anti–miR‐127‐5p remarkably increased reporter activity and MMP‐13 production. Interestingly, the IL‐1β–induced activation of JNK, p38, and NF‐κB and expression of MMP‐1 and cyclooxygenase 2 were significantly inhibited by miR‐127‐5p.ConclusionMicroRNA‐127‐5p is an important regulator of MMP‐13 in human chondrocytes and may contribute to the development of OA.
Andrographolide: Solving Chemical Instability and Poor Solubility by Means of Cocrystals
Authors: Suresh Kuthuru , Goud N. Rajesh , Nangia Ashwini 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe bioactive agent andrographolide was screened with pharmaceutically acceptable coformers to discover a novel solid form that will solve the chemical instability and poor solubility problems of this herbal medicine. Liquid‐assisted grinding of andrographolide with GRAS (generally regarded as safe) coformers in a fixed stoichiometry resulted in cocrystals with vanillin (1:1), vanillic acid (1:1), salicylic acid (1:1), resorcinol (1:1), and guaiacol (1:1). All the crystalline products were characterized by thermal, spectroscopic, and diffraction methods. Interestingly, even though the cocrystals are isostructural, their physicochemical properties are quite different. The andrographolide–salicylic acid cocrystal completely inhibited the chemical transformation of andrographolide to its inactive sulfate metabolite, and moreover, the cocrystal exhibited a dissolution rate that was three times faster and a drug release that was two times higher than pure andrographolide.
Sensor‐Based Long Baseline Navigation: Observability Analysis and Filter Design
Authors: Batista Pedro , Silvestre Carlos , Oliveira Paulo 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThis paper presents a novel long baseline (LBL) position and velocity navigation filter for underwater vehicles based directly on the sensor measurements. The solution departs from previous approaches as the range measurements are explicitly embedded in the filter design, therefore avoiding inversion algorithms and allowing also the consideration of the cases of reduced numbers of readings, in particular when there are only two or three distance measurements. The nonlinear system dynamics are considered to their full extent and no linearizations are carried out whatsoever. The filter error dynamics are globally exponentially stable (GES) and it is shown, in a realistic simulation environment, that the filter achieves similar performance to the extended Kalman filter (EKF) and outperforms linear position and velocity filters based on algebraic estimates of the position obtained from the range measurements.
Reflections on the aerobic fermentation stoichiometry of crabtree positive yeasts
Authors: Villadsen John , Jørgensen Sten Bay 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTIn this communication a stoichiometric steady state model for Crabtree positive yeasts is proposed. The model is sufficiently simple to be corroborated by experimental data on the key metabolic events around Dcrit. The key feature of the model is that the bottleneck aperture for biomass production in the model of Sonnleitner and Käppeli, 1986 shrinks abruptly at Dcrit and continues to decrease with increasing dilution rate. A black box stoichiometric analysis of experiments reported in literature indicates that production of acetaldehyde might account for the abrupt shrinkage through a severe poisoning effect on the respiratory system. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014;111: 632–637. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
CO2 Activation and Catalysis Driven by Iridium Complexes
Authors: Fernández‐Alvarez Francisco J. , Iglesias Manuel , Oro Luis A. , Polo Víctor 
Published: September 2013

AbstractRecent reports on homogeneous catalytic transformation of carbon dioxide by iridium complexes have prompted us to review the area. Progress on new iridium catalysts for carbon dioxide transformations should take into account the interaction of carbon dioxide with the iridium center, which seems to be governed by the oxidation state of iridium and the nature of the carbon dioxide molecule. Most examples of iridium catalyzed carbon dioxide reductions are based on IrIII centers. These reactions take place through outer‐sphere mechanisms, by means of nucleophilic attack on the carbon atom. In all the reported systems, the nucleophile is always a hydrido ligand coordinated to a IrIII center. Future challenges on iridium catalyzed functionalization of carbon dioxide include the development of efficient electrophiles, compatible with the inclusion of appropriate nucleophiles, which would allow the preparation of value‐added organic molecules using CO2 as C1 feedstock.
Controllable Syntheses of Porous Metal–Organic Frameworks: Encapsulation of LnIII Cations for Tunable Luminescence and Small Drug Molecules for Efficient Delivery
Authors: Wang Yun , Yang Jin , Liu Ying‐Ying , Ma Jian‐Fang 
Published: September 2013

AbstractTwo porous metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), [Zn3(L)(H2O)2]⋅3 DMF⋅7 H2O (MOF‐1) and [(CH3)2NH2]6[Ni3(L)2(H2O)6]⋅3 DMF⋅15 H2O (MOF‐2), were synthesized solvothermally (H6L=1,2,3,4,5,6‐hexakis(3‐carboxyphenyloxymethylene)benzene). In MOF‐1, neighboring ZnII trimers are linked by the backbones of L ligands to form a fascinating 3D six‐connected framework with the point symbol (412.63) (412.63). In MOF‐2, eight L ligands bridge six NiII atoms to generate a rhombic‐dodecahedral [Ni6L8] cage. Each cage is surrounded by eight adjacent ones through sharing of carboxylate groups to yield an unusual 3D porous framework. Encapsulation of LnIII cations for tunable luminescence and small drug molecules for efficient delivery were investigated in detail for MOF‐1.
The Redox‐Neutral Approach to CH Functionalization
Authors: Peng Bo , Maulide Nuno 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe direct functionalization of CH bonds is an attractive strategy in organic synthesis. Although several advances have been made in this area, the selective activation of inert sp3 CH bonds remains a daunting challenge. Recently, a new type of sp3 CH activation mode through internal hydride transfer has demonstrated the potential to activate remote sp3 CH linkages in an atom‐economic manner. This Minireview attempts to classify recent advances in this area including the transition to non‐activated sp3 CH bonds and asymmetric hydride transfers.
Multifunctional Nanoprobe for MRI/Optical Dual‐Modality Imaging and Radical Scavenging
Authors: Zhen Mingming , Zheng Junpeng , Wang Yifan , Shu Chunying , Gao Fabao , Zou Jing , Pyykkö Ilmari , Wang Chunru 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe development of novel nanomaterials for the diagnosis and/or treatment of human diseases has become an important issue. In this work, a multifunctional theranostic agent was designed by covalently binding hydroxyl‐ and amino‐bearing C60 derivatives (C60O∼10(OH)∼16(NH2)∼6(NO2)∼6⋅24 H2O) with gadolinium diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Gd‐DTPA) to yield C60O∼10(OH)∼16(NH2)∼6(NO2)∼6⋅24 H2O/(Gd‐DTPA)3 (DF1Gd3). The obtained DF1Gd3 shows more than fourfold contrast improvement over commercial Gd‐DTPA along with multiwavelength fluorescent emission for dual‐modality diagnosis. An inner‐ear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study was designed as a model of biological barriers, including the blood/brain barrier (BBB) for DF1Gd3 to investigate its in vivo behavior. This revealed that the fabricated contrast agent dramatically increases the local contrast but can not cross the middle ear/inner ear barrier and endolymph/perilymph barrier in the inner ear, and thus it is also BBB‐prohibited in normal individuals. In vivo biodistribution studies suggested that 1) DF1Gd3 could circulate in vessels for a relatively long time and is mainly eliminated through liver and kidney, 2) DF1Gd3 may potentially function as a liver‐specific MRI contrast agent. Interestingly, DF1Gd3 also shows an excellent quenching effect on hydroxyl radicals, as revealed by the DMPO spin trap/ESR method. The combination of enhanced MRI/FL imaging and local treatment of lesions is unique to DF1Gd3 and potentiates the medical paradigm of “detect and treat/prevent” in combating human diseases related to reactive oxygen.
Multimodal Use of New Coumarin‐Based Fluorescent Chemosensors: Towards Highly Selective Optical Sensors for Hg2+ Probing
Authors: Bazzicalupi Carla , Caltagirone Claudia , Cao Zenfeng , Chen Qibin , Di Natale Corrado , Garau Alessandra , Lippolis Vito , Lvova Larisa , Liu Honglai , Lundström Ingemar , Mostallino M. Cristina , Nieddu Mattia , Paolesse Roberto , Prodi Luca , Sgarzi Massimo , Zaccheroni Nelsi 
Published: September 2013

AbstractDespite several types of fluorescent sensing molecules have been proposed and examined to signal Hg2+ ion binding, the development of fluorescence‐based devices for in‐field Hg2+ detection and screening in environmental and industrial samples is still a challenging task. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of three new coumarin‐based fluorescent chemosensors featuring mixed thia/aza macrocyclic framework as receptors units, that is, ligands L1–L3. These probes revealed an OFF–ON selective response to the presence of Hg2+ ions in MeCN/H2O 4:1 (v/v), which allowed imaging of this metal ion in Cos‐7 cells in vitro. Once included in silica core–polyethylene glycol (PEG) shell nanoparticles or supported on polyvinyl chloride (PVC)‐based polymeric membranes, ligands L1–L3 can also selectively sense Hg2+ ions in pure water. In particular we have developed an optical sensing array tacking advantage of the fluorescent properties of ligand L3 and based on the computer screen photo assisted technique (CSPT). In the device ligand L3 is dispersed into PVC membranes and it quantitatively responds to Hg2+ ions in natural water samples.
Electronic Tuning of Iron–Oxo‐Mediated CH Activation: Effect of Electron‐Donating Ligand on Selectivity
Authors: Hitomi Yutaka , Arakawa Kengo , Kodera Masahito 
Published: September 2013

AbstractWe have reported previously that an iron(III) complex supported by an anionic pentadentate monoamido ligand, dpaqH (dpaqH=2‐[bis(pyridin‐2‐ylmethyl)]amino‐N‐quinolin‐8‐yl‐acetamido), promotes selective CH hydroxylation with H2O2 with high regioselectivity. Herein, we report on the preparation of FeIII–dpaq derivatives that have a series of substituent groups at the 5‐position of a quinoline moiety in the parent ligand dpaqH (dpaqR, R: OMe, H, Cl, and NO2), and examine them with respect to their catalytic activity in CH hydroxylation with H2O2. As the substituent group becomes more electron‐withdrawing, both the selectivity and the turnover number increase, but the selectivity of epoxidation shows the opposite trend.
Stability of slot‐rectangular spouted beds with multiple slots
Authors: Chen Zhiwei , Lim C. Jim , Grace John R. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractStability of the spouting in slot‐rectangular spouted beds with multiple compartments and slots is investigated and compared with a single‐chamber, single‐slot spouted bed. Several different configurations of multiple slots were tested, including parallel and aligned, with gas drawn from a common plenum chamber. The stability of the spouting was observed visually and identified by the evolution of pressure drop and its fluctuation. The stability of multiple spouting was found to be mainly affected by the interaction between adjacent fountains and spouts. Stable steady state spouting could be achieved when the chambers were separated by a suspended partition, providing a scale‐up method for slot‐rectangular spouted beds.
Synthesis and Anti‐Plasmodium Activity of Benzimidazole Analogues Structurally Related to Astemizole
Authors: Roman Gheorghe , Crandall Ian E. , Szarek Walter A. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractA series of compounds structurally related to astemizole were designed and synthesized with the goal of determining their anti‐Plasmodium activity. Several modifications of the astemizole structure, namely the removal of the 4‐fluorobenzyl and/or 4‐methoxyphenethyl moieties, substitution of the benzene ring of the benzimidazole scaffold, replacement of the fluorine atom in the 4‐fluorobenzyl group, and variation of the 4‐aminopiperidine moiety, were explored. In vitro evaluation of the anti‐Plasmodium activity of these compounds using the ItG strain showed that astemizole and some of its structurally similar derivatives have IC50 values in the nanomolar range and exhibit toxicity towards the parasite over Chinese ovarian hamster (CHO) cells with a selectivity as high as 200. The presence of a secondary cyclic amine at position 2 and substitution with chlorine at positions 4 and 5 in the benzimidazole moiety are two modifications that resulted in potent and selective antimalarials based on astemizole.
New Anthracene Derivatives as Triplet Acceptors for Efficient Green‐to‐Blue Low‐Power Upconversion
Authors: Liang Zuo‐Qin , Sun Bin , Ye Chang‐Qing , Wang Xiao‐Mei , Tao Xu‐Tang , Wang Qin‐Hua , Ding Ping , Wang Bao , Wang Jing‐Jing 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThree new anthracene derivatives [2‐chloro‐9,10‐dip‐tolylanthracene (DTACl), 9,10‐dip‐tolylanthracene‐2‐carbonitrile (DTACN), and 9,10‐di(naphthalen‐1‐yl)anthracene‐2‐carbonitrile (DNACN)] were synthesized as triplet acceptors for low‐power upconversion. Their linear absorption, single‐photon‐excited fluorescence, and upconversion fluorescence properties were studied. The acceptors exhibit high fluorescence yields in DMF. Selective excitation of the sensitizer PdIIoctaethylporphyrin (PdOEP) in solution containing DTACl, DTACN, or DNA‐CN at 532 nm with an ultralow excitation power density of 0.5 W cm−2 results in anti‐Stokes blue emission. The maximum upconversion quantum yield (ΦUC=17.4 %) was obtained for the couple PdOEP/DTACl. In addition, the efficiency of the triplet–triplet energy transfer process was quantitatively studied by quenching experiments. Experimental results revealed that a highly effective acceptor for upconversion should combine high fluorescence quantum yields with efficient quenching of the sensitizer triplet.
Integrating Sustainability into Corporate Governance: An Empirical Study on Board Diversity
Authors: Ferrero‐Ferrero Idoya , Fernández‐Izquierdo María Ángeles , Muñoz‐Torres María Jesús 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThis study explores the mediating role of corporate social responsibility (CSR) management quality in the relationship between board diversity and CSR performance. It states that generational diversity is a consistent construct of age diversity as variety, and uses three different proxies to measure CSR management quality and performance. The sample consists of 146 companies listed in FTSE 100, DAX 30, and CAC 40 for the year 2009. The results reveal that generational diversity enables a more effective design of vision and strategies to address financial and extra‐financial aspects, and consequently, it encourages companies to adopt a sustainable approach to their businesses. This study concludes that generational diversity is a key component for improving good corporate governance codes. The findings of this research recommend enhancing generational diversity in board structures to encourage sustainability in firms that aspire to be in tune with the needs of the times. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
The Antecedents of Corporate Social and Environmental Irresponsibility
Authors: Wu Jie 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTThis study combines internal and external perspectives to examine the antecedents of corporate social and environmental irresponsibility. In terms of internal factors, we focus on the extent to which a firm incorporates corporate social responsibility (CSR) into its business strategy and the level of firm‐specific R&D investment. With respect to external factors, we focus on market cost pressure and local government corruption. We developed hypotheses and tested them using original survey data of 295 Chinese firms covering four years. The results show that incorporating corporate social responsibility into business strategy and investing in R&D both predict less socially or environmentally irresponsible behavior by a firm. In contrast, cost pressures and government corruption correlate with an increased likelihood of irresponsible social and environmental behavior by firms. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Platinum(II) Complexes Bearing 2‐(9,9‐Dihexadecyl‐7‐R‐fluoren‐2‐yl)‐1,10‐phenanthroline Ligands: Synthesis, Photophysics and Reverse Saturable Absorption
Authors: Liu Xu‐Guang , Sun Wenfang 
Published: September 2013

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Wenfang Sun at North Dakota State University (NDSU), USA. The cover image illustrates the reverse saturable absorption (RSA) mechanism.