bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Murine Splenic CD4+ T Cells, Induced by Innate Immune Cell Interactions and Secreted Factors, Develop Antileukemia Cytotoxicity
Authors: Nelles Megan E. , Moreau Joshua M. , Furlonger Caren L. , Berger Alexandra , Medin Jeffrey A. , Paige Christopher J. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractInciting the cellular arm of adaptive immunity has been the fundamental goal of cancer immunotherapy strategies, specifically focusing on inducing tumor antigen–specific responses by CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). However, there is an emerging appreciation that the cytotoxic function of CD4+ T cells can be effective in a clinical setting. Harnessing this potential will require an understanding of how such cells arise. In this study, we use an IL12-transduced variant of the 70Z/3 leukemia cell line in a B6D2F1 (BDF1) murine model system to reveal a novel cascade of cells and soluble factors that activate anticancer CD4+ killer cells. We show that natural killer T cells play a pivotal role by activating dendritic cells in a contact-dependent manner; soluble products of this interaction, including MCP-1, propagate the activation signal, culminating in the development of CD4+ CTLs that directly mediate an antileukemia response while also orchestrating a multipronged attack by other effector cells. A more complete picture of the conditions that induce such a robust response will allow us to capitalize on CD4+ T-cell plasticity for maximum therapeutic effect. Cancer Immunol Res; 2(11); 1113–24. ©2014 AACR.
Aspirin for the Prevention of Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Simes John , Becattini Cecilia , Agnelli Giancarlo , Eikelboom John W. , Kirby Adrienne C. , Mister Rebecca , Prandoni Paolo , Brighton Timothy A. 
Published: August 2014

Background—
In patients with a first unprovoked venous thromboembolism (VTE) the risk of recurrent VTE remains high after anticoagulant treatment is discontinued. The Aspirin for the Prevention of Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism (the Warfarin and Aspirin [WARFASA]) and the Aspirin to Prevent Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism (ASPIRE) trials showed that aspirin reduces this risk, but they were not individually powered to detect treatment effects for particular outcomes or subgroups.

Methods and Results—

An individual patient data analysis of these trials was planned, before their results were known, to assess the effect of aspirin versus placebo on recurrent VTE, major vascular events (recurrent VTE, myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiovascular disease death) and bleeding, overall and within predefined subgroups. The primary analysis, for VTE, was by intention to treat using time-to-event data. Of 1224 patients, 193 had recurrent VTE over 30.4 months’ median follow-up. Aspirin reduced recurrent VTE (7.5%/yr versus 5.1%/yr; hazard ratio [HR], 0.68; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.51–0.90;
P
=0.008), including both deep-vein thrombosis (HR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.47–0.92;
P
=0.01) and pulmonary embolism (HR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.41–1.06;
P
=0.08). Aspirin reduced major vascular events (8.7%/yr versus 5.7%/yr; HR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.50–0.86;
P
=0.002). The major bleeding rate was low (0.4%/yr for placebo and 0.5%/yr for aspirin). After adjustment for treatment adherence, recurrent VTE was reduced by 42% (HR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.40–0.85;
P
=0.005). Prespecified subgroup analyses indicate similar relative, but larger absolute, risk reductions in men and older patients.

Conclusions—
Aspirin after anticoagulant treatment reduces the overall risk of recurrence by more than a third in a broad cross-section of patients with a first unprovoked VTE, without significantly increasing the risk of bleeding.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
www.anzctr.org.au
. Unique identifier: ACTRN12611000684921.
Comparison of Lifestyle-Based and Traditional Cardiovascular Disease Prediction in a Multiethnic Cohort of Nonsmoking Women
Authors: Paynter Nina P. , LaMonte Michael J. , Manson JoAnn E. , Martin Lisa W. , Phillips Lawrence S. , Ridker Paul M , Robinson Jennifer G. , Cook Nancy R. 
Published: August 2014

Background—
Healthy levels of lifestyle factors can reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, except for smoking status, often considered a traditional risk factor, their effect on cardiovascular risk prediction is unclear.

Methods and Results—

We used a case-cohort design of postmenopausal nonsmokers in the multiethnic Women’s Health Initiative Observational Study (1587 cases and 1808 subcohort participants) with a median follow-up of 10 years in noncases. Compared with nonsmokers with no other healthy lifestyle factors (healthy diet, recreational physical activity, moderate alcohol use, and low adiposity), the risk of cardiovascular disease was lower for each additional factor (hazard ratio for trend, 0.82; 95% confidence interval, 0.76–0.89), with a 45% reduction in risk with all factors (95% confidence interval, 0.36–0.84). When lifestyle factors were added to traditional risk factor models (variables from the Pooled Cohort and Reynolds risk scores), only recreational physical activity remained independently associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease. The addition of detailed lifestyle measures to traditional models showed a change in the integrated discrimination improvement and continuous net reclassification improvement (
P
<0.01 for both) but had little impact on more clinically relevant risk stratification measures.

Conclusions—
Although lifestyle factors have important effects on cardiovascular disease risk factors and subsequent risk, their addition to established cardiovascular disease risk models does not result in clear improvement in overall prediction.
Erysimum hezarense, a new species and Rhammatophyllum gaudanense, a new record of Brassicaceae from Iran
Authors: Moazzeni Hamid , Zarre Shahin , Assadi Mostafa , Joharchi Mohammad Reza , German Dmitry A. 
Published: August 2014

Two Brassicaceae novelties are reported from Iran. Erysimum hezarense (Erysimeae) is described and illustrated as a newly discovered species. It resembles E. subulatum, E. laxiflorum and E. iraqense but can be readily distinguished by the indumentum of stem, leaves and pedicels; bicolor petals; and number of flowers on the main inflorescence. It is also separated geographically being restricted to Hezar mts. (prov. Kerman, South Iran) where none of the related species occurs. Because of the very limited distribution and high risk of its habit destruction, inclusion of E. hezarense into IUCN Red List with a status vulnerable (VU) is proposed. Besides, Rhammatophyllum gaudanense (Euclidieae) is reported from NE Iran representing the first record of the genus for the country. Contrary, the previous record of R. gaudanense from Afghanistan is considered doubtful and not confirmed. Detailed morphological description, illustration and synonymy of R. gaudanense is provided along with the key differences from the closely related taxa. Distribution maps for both E. hezarense and R. gaudanense are given.
The Different Configurations of the East Asian Polar Front Jet and Subtropical Jet and the Associated Rainfall Anomalies over Eastern China in Summer
Authors: Huang Dan-Qing , Zhu Jian , Zhang Yao-Cun , Huang An-Ning 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
To investigate the concurrent impacts of the East Asian polar front jet (EAPJ) and subtropical jet (EASJ) on the summer rainfall over eastern China, positive (strengthened EAPJ with weakened EASJ) and negative (weakened EAPJ with strengthened EASJ) configurations are identified. In the positive configuration, rainfall decreases in the northern part of eastern China and increases in the southern part, vice versa in the negative configuration. The possible mechanisms maintaining the two jet configurations are further proposed from the perspectives of sea surface temperature (SST) and synoptic-scale transient eddy activities (STEA). In the positive configuration, meridional distributed cold–warm SST anomalies over the eastern North Pacific may induce regional circulation and meridional temperature gradient anomalies, which can strengthen the EAPJ and weaken the EASJ. The central Pacific La Niña–like SST anomalies are related with the Arctic vortexlike anomalies in the stratosphere, which may strengthen the EAPJ. Furthermore, the divergence of Eliassen–Palm vectors and the conversion from eddy kinetic energy to mean kinetic energy over the active region of the EAPJ may strengthen the EAPJ, vice versa for the weakened EASJ. In the negative configuration, associated with the warm SST anomalies over the western North Pacific, the enhanced convective activities may lead to a strengthened EASJ via meridional teleconnection. The teleconnection may be intensified by the strengthened easterly vertical shear. Additionally, eastern Pacific La Niña–like SST anomalies may intensify the Walker circulation, which may strengthen the EASJ via the Hadley circulation. The STEA-related anomalies are almost opposite those in the positive configuration, especially for the weakened EAPJ.
Outcome of repair of bronchial injury in 10 patients with blunt chest trauma
Authors: Bagheri Reza , Afghani Reza , Haghi Seyed Ziaollah , Fattahi Masoum Seyed Hossein , Sadrizadeh Ali 
Published: August 2014

Background Bronchial avulsion is a serious complication of blunt chest trauma, which can be easily missed on initial presentation of a patient with multiple injuries. Missing the diagnosis may increase the risk of mortality and morbidity. Methods We evaluated the outcome of 10 patients with bronchial injury following blunt chest trauma, who underwent bronchial anastomosis in Quaem Hospital, Mashhad, Iran and Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran, Iran, from 2001 to 2012. There were 8 men and 2 women with a mean age of 23.1 ± 4.72 years. Associated injuries were ruled out in all cases. Demographic characteristics, anatomical location of the injury, mechanism of injury, complications of bronchial anastomosis, and one-year follow-up of the patients were studied. Results Eight patients had injury to the right main bronchus and 2 had injury to the left main bronchus. The time between surgery and diagnosis ranged from immediately to 6 months after injury. One death occurred in the operating room immediately after injury, due to asphyxia. The other 9 patients underwent successful anastomosis of the avulsed bronchus. There were 7 complications after repair, which were managed by a conservative approach. In one year of follow-up, one patient with residual stenosis underwent stent placement. Conclusion Early diagnosis of major airway injury is an important factor in successful management and a favorable outcome. With improvements in surgical technique, regular follow-up, and effective management of complications, we can expect successful bronchial repair to save the lung, even with a late diagnosis.
Attachment Style Dimensions Can Affect Prolonged Grief Risk in Caregivers of Terminally Ill Patients With Cancer
Authors: Lai Carlo , Luciani Massimiliano , Galli Federico , Morelli Emanuela , Cappelluti Roberta , Penco Italo , Aceto Paola , Lombardo Luigi 
Published: August 2014

Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the predictive role of attachment dimensions on the risk of prolonged grief. Sixty caregivers of 51 terminally ill patients with cancer who had been admitted in a hospice were selected. Methods: Caregivers were interviewed using Attachment Scale Questionnaire, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, and Prolonged Grief Disorder 12 (PG-12). Results: The consort caregivers showed higher PG-12 level compared to the sibling caregivers. Anxiety, depression, need for approval, and preoccupation with relationships levels were significantly correlated with PG-12 scores. Conclusion: Female gender, high levels of depression, and preoccupation with relationships significantly predicted higher levels of prolonged grief risk.
The Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Outcomes Research (OFAR) Network
Authors: Hunt Kenneth J. , Alexander Ian , Baumhauer Judith , Brodsky James , Chiodo Christopher , Daniels Timothy , Davis W. Hodges , Deland Jon , Ellis Scott , Hung Man , Ishikawa Susan N. , Latt L. Daniel , Phisitkul Phinit , SooHoo Nelson Fong , Yang Arthur , Saltzman Charles L. ,   OFAR (Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Outcomes Research Network)
Published: August 2014

Introduction: There is an increasing need for orthopaedic practitioners to measure and collect patient-reported outcomes data. In an effort to better understand outcomes from operative treatment, the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) established the Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Outcomes Research (OFAR) Network, a national consortium of foot and ankle orthopaedic surgeons. We hypothesized that the OFAR Network could successfully collect, aggregate, and report patient-reported outcome (PRO) data using the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS). Methods: Ten sites enrolled consecutive patients undergoing elective surgery for 1 of 6 foot/ankle disorders. Outcome instruments were collected preoperatively and at 6 months postoperatively using the PROMIS online system: Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM), Foot Function Index (FFI), and PROMIS physical function (PF) and pain computerized adaptive tests (CAT). During the 3-month period, 328 patients were enrolled; 249 (76%) had completed preoperative patient-reported outcomes data and procedure-specific data. Of these, 140 (56%) also completed 6-month postoperative patient- reported outcomes data. Results: Ankle arthritis and flatfoot demonstrated consistently worse preoperative scores. Five of 6 disorders showed significant improvement at 6 months on PF CAT and FAAM, 4 of 6 showed improvement on pain interference CAT, and no disorders showed improvement on FFI. Ankle arthritis and flatfoot demonstrated the greatest magnitude of change on most patient-reported outcomes scales. Conclusion: We were able to enroll large numbers of patients in a short enrollment period for this preliminary study. Data were easily aggregated and analyzed. Substantial loss of follow-up data indicates a critical area requiring further effort. The AOFAS OFAR Network is undergoing expansion with goals to ultimately facilitate large, prospective multicenter studies and optimize the quality and interpretation of available outcome instruments for the foot and ankle population. Level of Evidence: Level II, prospective comparative study.
Myocardial Infarctions and Other Acute Coronary Syndromes in Rare Congenital Bleeding Disorders
Authors: Girolami Antonio , Ferrari Silvia , Sambado Luisa , Peroni Edoardo , Cosi Elisabetta 
Published: August 2014

Objective: To investigate the occurrence of myocardial infarction or other acute coronary syndromes in rare congenital bleeding disorders. Patients: All patients with factor I (FI), factor II (FII), factor V (FV), factor VII (FVII), factor X (FX), factor XI (FXI), or factor XIII (FXIII) deficiency or abnormality reported to have presented a myocardial infarction or another acute coronary syndrome were investigated. The condition had to be demonstrated by objective means, including a coronary/angiography. Cases of stable angina were excluded. Results: A total of 53 patients (4 had FI, 2 had FV, 2 had FVII, 36 had FXI, 1 had FXIII deficiency, and 8 patients had platelet disorders) met the inclusion criteria . No patient with FII or FX deficiency and acute coronary disease met the inclusion criteria. In the majority of patients, common risk factors were present, namely hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, smoking, and diabetes. Replacement therapy was involved in 5 cases. Conclusion: The congenital hypocoagulability present in these patients was unable to allow a protection from acute coronary diseases. The significance of the findings is discussed.
Endoscopic Adhesiolysis of the Flexor Hallucis Longus Muscle
Authors: Lui T.H. 
Published: August 2014

Flexor hallucis longus muscle can adhere to the distal tibia after tibial fracture. The patient may complain of deep posteromedial ankle pain, checkrein deformity of the hallux, hallux flexus or development of hallux rigidus. Surgical treatment of release of the FHL muscle or lengthening of the FHL tendon has been proposed. We described an endoscopic approach of release of the FHL muscle from the distal tibia with the advantage of minimal soft tissue dissection. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level V: Expert Opinion/Technique
Cdk4 and Cdk6 cooperate in counteracting the INK4 family of inhibitors during murine leukemogenesis
Authors: Rodríguez-Díez Esther , Quereda Victor , Bellutti Florian , Prchal-Murphy Michaela , Partida David , Eguren Manuel , Kollmann Karoline , Gómez de Cedrón Marta , Dubus Pierre , Cañamero Marta , Martínez Dolores , Sexl Veronika , Malumbres Marcos 
Published: August 2014

Key PointsA Cdk6 R31C knock-in mutation resistant to INK4 inhibitors cooperates with Cdk4 hyperactivity in the development of hematopoietic tumors. In Cdk6 R31C cells, p16INK4a increasingly binds and inhibits Cdk4, suggesting that both kinases cooperate in sequestering INK4 proteins in cancer.
A turn-on fluorescent solid-sensor for Hg(II) detection
Authors: De la Cruz-Guzman Mayela , Aguilar-Aguilar Angelica , Hernandez-Adame Luis , Bañuelos-Frias Alan , Medellín-Rodríguez Francisco J , Palestino Gabriela 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
A rhodamine organosilane derivative (Rh-UTES) has been obtained by one-pot synthesis. The chemical structure of Rh-UTES was confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and infrared (FTIR) techniques. To obtain an inorganic-organic hybrid sensor, Rh-UTES was covalently immobilized on a porous silicon microcavity (PSiMc) via triethoxysilane groups. The attachment of the organic derivative into PSiMc was confirmed by FTIR, specular reflectance, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The optical performance of Rh-UTES receptor for Hg2+ detection was investigated by fluorescent spectroscopy and microscopy. Upon the addition of increasing amounts of Hg2+ ions, a remarkable enhancement in emission intensity was produced in both systems. In the solid phase, an increase of integrated fluorescent emission of 0.12- and 0.15-fold after Hg2+ receptor coordination was observed. The light harvesting capability of PSiMc devices allowed obtaining an enhanced fluorescent emission after Rh-UTES immobilization (277-fold). The fluorescence microscopy of hybrid PSiMc sensor provided an optical qualitative test for Hg2+ detection.
Response of an aspartic protease gene OsAP77 to fungal, bacterial and viral infections in rice
Authors: Alam Md Mahfuz , Nakamura Hidemitsu , Ichikawa Hiroaki , Miyao Akio , Hirochika Hirohiko , Kobayashi Kappei , Yamaoka Naoto , Nishiguchi Masamichi 
Published: August 2014

Abstract

Background
Aspartic protease (APs) plays important roles in plant growth, development and biotic and abiotic stresses. We previously reported that the expression of a rice AP gene (OsAP77, Os10g0537800) was induced by probenazole (PBZ), a chemical inducer of disease resistance. In this study we examined some characteristics of this gene in response to fungal, bacterial and viral pathogens.

Results
To elucidate the spatial and temporal expression of OsAP77, the chimeric gene was constructed carrying the structural gene encoding β-glucuronidase (GUS) driven by the OsAP77 promoter. This construct was introduced into rice and the transgenic lines were tested to analyze gene expression by fungal, bacterial and viral infections. Inoculation with Magnaporthe oryzae or Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae revealed the enhanced GUS activities in vascular tissues surrounding the symptom sites by each pathogen. Moreover, GUS activity also increased after inoculation with Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). Transgenic plants immersed in a solution containing salicylic acid (SA), isonicotinic acid (INA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or abscisic acid (ABA) showed an increased level of GUS activity exclusively in vascular tissues. RT-PCR analysis showed that OsAP77 was induced not only by infection with these pathogens, but also after treatment with SA, INA, H2O2 or ABA. A knockout mutant line of OsAP77 by the insertion of Tos17 after inoculation with M. oryzae, X. oryzae pv. oryzae or CMV showed an enhanced susceptibility compared to wild type.

Conclusion
These results suggest that the expression of OsAP77 is induced by pathogen infection and defense related signaling molecules in a vascular tissue specific manner and that this gene has a positive role of defense response against fungal, bacterial and viral infections.
How to manage aspergillosis in non-neutropenic intensive care unit patients
Authors: Bassetti Matteo , Righi Elda , De Pascale Gennaro , De Gaudio Raffaele , Giarratano Antonino , Mazzei Tereesita , Morace Giulia , Petrosillo Nicola , Stefani Stefania , Antonelli Massimo 
Published: August 2014

AbstractInvasive aspergillosis has been mainly reported among immunocompromised patients during prolonged periods of neutropenia. Recently, however, non-neutropenic patients in the ICU population have shown an increasing risk profile for aspergillosis. Associations with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and corticosteroid therapy have been frequently documented in this cohort. Difficulties in achieving a timely diagnosis of aspergillosis in non-neutropenic patients is related to the non-specificity of symptoms and to lower yields with microbiological tests compared to neutropenic patients. Since high mortality rates are typical of invasive aspergillosis in critically ill patients, a high level of suspicion and prompt initiation of adequate antifungal treatment are mandatory. Epidemiology, risk factors, diagnostic algorithms, and different approaches in antifungal therapy for invasive aspergillosis in non-neutropenic patients are reviewed.