bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification by array comparative genomic hybridization of a new amplicon on chromosome 17q highly recurrent in BRCA1 mutated triple negative breast cancer
Authors: Toffoli Sébastien , Bar Isabelle , Abdel-Sater Fadi , Delrée Paul , Hilbert Pascale , Cavallin Frédéric , Moreau Fabrice , Van Criekinge Wim , Lacroix-Triki Magali , Campone Mario , Martin Anne-Laure , Roché Henri , Machiels Jean-Pascal , Carrasco Javier , Canon Jean-Luc 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Triple Negative Breast Cancers (TNBC) represent about 12% to 20% of all breast cancers (BC) and have a worse outcome compared to other BC subtypes. TNBC often show a deficiency in DNA double-strand break repair mechanisms. This is generally related to the inactivation of a repair enzymatic complex involving BRCA1 caused either by genetic mutations, epigenetic modifications or by post-transcriptional regulations.
The identification of new molecular biomarkers that would allow the rapid identification of BC presenting a BRCA1 deficiency could be useful to select patients who could benefit from PARP inhibitors, alkylating agents or platinum-based chemotherapy.

Methods
Genomic DNA from 131 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumors (luminal A and B, HER2+ and triple negative BC) with known BRCA1 mutation status or unscreened for BRCA1 mutation were analysed by array Comparative Genomic Hybridization (array CGH). One highly significant and recurrent gain in the 17q25.3 genomic region was analysed by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). Expression of the genes of the 17q25.3 amplicon was studied using customized Taqman low density arrays and single Taqman assays (Applied Biosystems).

Results
We identified by array CGH and confirmed by FISH a gain in the 17q25.3 genomic region in 90% of the BRCA1 mutated tumors. This chromosomal gain was present in only 28.6% of the BRCA1 non-mutated TNBC, 26.7% of the unscreened TNBC, 13.6% of the luminal B, 19.0% of the HER2+ and 0% of the luminal A breast cancers. The 17q25.3 gain was also detected in 50% of the TNBC with BRCA1 promoter methylation. Interestingly, BRCA1 promoter methylation was never detected in BRCA1 mutated BC. Gene expression analyses of the 17q25.3 sub-region showed a significant over-expression of 17 genes in BRCA1 mutated TNBC (n = 15) as compared to the BRCA1 non mutated TNBC (n = 13).

Conclusions
In this study, we have identified by array CGH and confirmed by FISH a recurrent gain in 17q25.3 significantly associated to BRCA1 mutated TNBC. Up-regulated genes in the 17q25.3 amplicon might represent potential therapeutic targets and warrant further investigation.
Genomic analysis of emerging pathogens: methods, application and future trends
Authors: Li Lucy M , Grassly Nicholas C , Fraser Christophe 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe number of emerging infectious diseases is increasing. Characterizing novel or re-emerging infections is aided by the availability of pathogen genomes. In this review, we evaluate methods that exploit pathogen sequences and the contribution of genomic analysis to understand the epidemiology of recently emerged infectious diseases.
Characterizing the genetic basis of bacterial phenotypes using genome-wide association studies: a new direction for bacteriology
Authors: Read Timothy D , Massey Ruth C 
Published: November 2014

AbstractGenome-wide association studies (GWASs) have become an increasingly important approach for eukaryotic geneticists, facilitating the identification of hundreds of genetic polymorphisms that are responsible for inherited diseases. Despite the relative simplicity of bacterial genomes, the application of GWASs to identify polymorphisms responsible for important bacterial phenotypes has only recently been made possible through advances in genome sequencing technologies. Bacterial GWASs are now about to come of age thanks to the availability of massive datasets, and because of the potential to bridge genomics and traditional genetic approaches that is provided by improving validation strategies. A small number of pioneering GWASs in bacteria have been published in the past 2 years, examining from 75 to more than 3,000 strains. The experimental designs have been diverse, taking advantage of different processes in bacteria for generating variation. Analysis of data from bacterial GWASs can, to some extent, be performed using software developed for eukaryotic systems, but there are important differences in genome evolution that must be considered. The greatest experimental advantage of bacterial GWASs is the potential to perform downstream validation of causality and dissection of mechanism. We review the recent advances and remaining challenges in this field and propose strategies to improve the validation of bacterial GWASs.
Neurotrophins are expressed in giant cell arteritis lesions and may contribute to vascular remodeling
Authors: Ly Kim Heang , Régent Alexis , Molina Elsa , Saada Sofiane , Sindou Philippe , Le-Jeunne Claire , Brézin Antoine , Witko-Sarsat Véronique , Labrousse François , Robert Pierre-Yves , Bertin Philippe , Bourges Jean-Louis , Fauchais Anne-Laure , Vidal Elisabeth , Mouthon Luc , Jauberteau Marie-Odile 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is characterized by intimal hyperplasia leading to ischaemic manifestations that involve large vessels. Neurotrophins (NTs) and their receptors (NTRs) are protein factors for growth, differentiation and survival of neurons. They are also involved in the migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Our aim was to investigate whether NTs and NTRs are involved in vascular remodelling of GCA.

Methods
We included consecutive patients who underwent a temporal artery biopsy for suspected GCA. We developed an enzymatic digestion method to obtain VSMCs from smooth muscle cells in GCA patients and controls. Neurotrophin protein and gene expression and functional assays were studied from these VSMCs. Neurotrophin expression was also analysed by immunohistochemistry in GCA patients and controls.

Results
Whereas temporal arteries of both GCA patients (n = 22) and controls (n = 21) expressed nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) and sortilin, immunostaining was more intense in GCA patients, especially in the media and intima, while neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) and P75 receptor (P75NTR) were only detected in TA from GCA patients. Expression of TrkB, a BDNF receptor, was higher in GCA patients with ischaemic complications. Serum NGF was significantly higher in GCA patients (n = 28) vs. controls (n = 48), whereas no significant difference was found for BDNF and NT-3. NGF and BDNF enhanced GCA-derived temporal artery VSMC proliferation and BDNF facilitated migration of temporal artery VSMCs in patients with GCA compared to controls.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that NTs and NTRs are involved in vascular remodelling of GCA. In GCA-derived temporal artery VSMC, NGF promoted proliferation and BDNF enhanced migration by binding to TrkB and p75NTR receptors. Further experiments are needed on a larger number of VSMC samples to confirm these results.
Role of Sphingosine Kinase/S1P Axis in ECM Remodeling of Cardiac Cells Elicited by Relaxin
Authors: Frati Alessia , Ricci Barbara , Pierucci Federica , Nistri Silvia , Bani Daniele , Meacci Elisabetta 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The initiation and progression of heart failure is linked to adverse cardiac remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) during disease mainly through the deregulation of myocardial metalloproteinases (MMPs). Relaxin (RLX), a peptide hormone acting as a physiological cardiac effector, is a key regulator of ECM remodeling in reproductive and nonreproductive tissues. Studying primary cultures of mouse cardiac muscle cells and rat H9c2 cardiomyoblasts, we have obtained evidence for a new signaling pathway activated by RLX to induce ECM remodeling that involves the bioactive sphingolipids sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and ceramide. In both cell populations, recombinant human RLX increased sphingosine kinase activity and S1P formation, whereas sphingomyelin and ceramide content were decreased in [3H]serine-labeled cells. According to the literature, RLX promoted MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression/release. Pharmacological inhibition of sphingolipid metabolism and silencing of sphingosine kinase 1, the enzyme responsible for S1P formation, were able to prevent MMP expression/release elicited by the hormone and induce the expression of tissue inhibitor of MMPs. In addition, we found that sphingolipid signaling is required for the regulation of connective tissue growth factor, a member of the CCN 1–3 family of genes that are involved in cell proliferation and differentiation. Finally, the induction of cardiomyoblast maturation induced by RLX was also found to be counteracted by inhibition of S1P formation. In conclusion, these findings provide a novel mechanism by which RLX acts on cardiac ECM remodeling and cardiac cell differentiation and offer interesting therapeutic options to prevent heart fibrosis and to favor myocardial regeneration.
Re(de)fining grammaticalization from a usage-based perspective Discursive ambiguity in innovation scenarios
Authors: Winter-Froemel Esme 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe article explores the possibilities of re(de)fining grammaticalization from a usage-based perspective. Since definitions of grammaticalization remain controversial and current approaches differ in various important respects, some terminological clarification seems necessary. I will show that in spite of their close relation to usage-based approaches to language and language change, current approaches to grammaticalization and related phenomena do not consistently follow a usagebased perspective when defining the basic theoretical concepts and analyzing individual changes. I argue that a usage-based approach may propose new answers to controversial issues in grammaticalization research and suggest new pathways of analysis, focusing on the micro-steps of evolution. Finally, I present a case study of the French indefinite pronoun on which shows that innovations may occur and be diffused in distinct pragmatic settings. The notion of discursive ambiguity provides a detailed description of these potential innovation scenarios. In this sense, the study illustrates the potential of fine-grained analyses of the micro-events within grammaticalization from a usage-based perspective.
An Input-Output Table for Germany in 1936: A Documentation of Results, Sources and Research Strategy
Authors: Fremdling Rainer , Staeglin Reiner 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
In the following, we present the earliest input-output table for Germany: It covers 40 economic branches, five final demand categories and five primary inputs. The symmetric table for 1936 is completely based on original statistical data and does not rely on separate supply and use tables. The core of our endeavour is based on the German industrial census of 1936. Originally, this census and its forerunner of 1933 had especially been designed by the German Statistical Office (StRA) to compile an input-output-table for Germany as a basis for managing the business cycle. In connection with rearmament, however, this endeavour was given up and instead, these data were used for constructing detailed material balance sheets, which served as a statistical basis for preparing the war. Based on these hitherto secret records and additional statistical information, we fulfilled the original plan of the StRA of constructing the desired input-output table. Government is treated as an intermediate sector and placed into quadrant I of the table. In quadrant II it appears with only one figure (government gross production minus fees for specific government services). Government is delimitated into three sub-sectors: public administration and other government services, military spending and social security. In addition, public investment for civilian purposes is assigned to gross fixed capital formation in quadrant II. Military expenditure, however, is treated as government consumption and not as investment. The input-output table offers a new benchmark for gross domestic product (GDP) and thus production, income and expenditure of Germany in 1936. We found a comparably high level of GDP and a significantly higher mixed income/operating surplus which hints at exceptionally high incomes and hidden profits of the armament industry. Due to our unique production approach of calculating GDP these hidden profits were revealed.
Social Q&As or Library Virtual Reference Service: What is Behind the Choices of Chinese Information Seekers?
Authors: Deng Shengli , Yang Lina , Zhang Yin 
Published: November 2014

AbstractDespite the increasing popularity of Social Questions and Answers (SQA) sites among Chinese information seekers, there has been little previous exploration of this specific topic as it relates to library reference services. This study seeks an understanding of users’ choices in using SQA sites and library virtual reference (VR) service in meeting their information needs. It also aims to address some gaps in user evaluation and in the comparison of SQA and VR in previous research among information seekers in general, and among Chinese information seekers in particular. The study involved users of the largest Chinese SQA site, Baidu Knows. The results indicate that while SQA outperforms VR in most aspects - as evaluated by Chinese information seekers - VR stands out in two key areas of a virtual information service: quality and trust. Overall, while both SQA and VR have been utilized for various purposes and queries, each has been used more specifically for certain types of questions, and users choose between the two based on the information needs they have at hand. Finally, there is a discussion of the implications of the findings pertaining to libraries and reference services.
Children and Young Adults – Hospital Patients, Prisoners, and with Developmental Disorders – Who Cannot Come to Slovenian Public Libraries: A National Survey
Authors: Vilar Polona , Bon Milena 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe paper presents the first national survey of public library services to three user groups in the context of children and young adults: hospital patients, prisoners, and persons with developmental disorders. The study was two-part: first the data on potential users and their characteristics was gathered. This was used to prepare the main survey of the existing public library services in Slovenia, undertaken in 2012 and 2013. The results show that of the three user groups in question, two (hospital patients and prisoners) are more localised, being the focus of individual public libraries working in the area where hospitals or prisons are located, while persons with developmental disorders are spread throughout the country and as such relevant to a larger number of libraries. The first two groups also have more potential for development, because Slovenian public libraries offer much richer services for users with developmental disorders. Nevertheless, positive trends were observed in most areas.
Transforming South African Libraries through Leadership Education: A Programme Evaluation
Authors: Hart Genevieve C. , Hart Mike 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis article emanates from the independent evaluation of a South African library leadership education programme, run by the Centre for African Library Leadership (CALL). The programme’s rationale lies in the drive to transform South African librarianship in the face of a range of challenges - some of them inherited from the apartheid past, others shared with libraries throughout the world. The Carnegie Corporation-sponsored programme aimed at developing leadership insights and qualities in current and potential future library managers. The article reports on the evaluative methodology, which comprised a questionnaire survey of all course alumni, interviews of CALL managers, and five sets of focus group interviews with course alumni and alumni of the followup Train-the-Trainer courses. The very positive results of the questionnaire survey are described and analysed, and key themes and comments emerging from several openended questions are discussed. Triangulation is provided by in-depth comments from the five focus groups, and in the process important themes are uncovered. The distinctive strengths of the programme were found to be its sensitivity to the South African context and its “inside-out” approach to leadership training. In most aspects the programme was found to be very successful, although there was uncertainty about its further continuance and the roles of the Train-the-Trainer alumni. The evaluation suggests that the CALL programme should serve as a model for transformative leadership education in South Africa and beyond. Recommendations include continuation of such projects to a wider set of libraries and their staff, with further use of the experiential approach to training, theory grounded in hands-on practice, and emphasis on self-development and self-awareness. However, the full potential of such programmes can only be realised if senior library management buys in to the values of the programme, and is engaged in implementation plans.
Trends and Developments in the Literature on Community Libraries in Africa
Authors: Stranger-Johannessen Espen 
Published: November 2014

AbstractCommunity libraries in Africa are growing in number, and are increasingly subject to academic research. The literature on community libraries spans 30 years, and this review shows how there has been a shift from conceptual to empirical publications. The early, conceptual literature stressed that community libraries should be by and for the community, support development, actively reach out, and provide relevant materials. These publications can to some extent be seen as reactions to the colonial legacy that national library services carried on after independence. The empirical research was analyzed using Kuhlthau’s (1999) framework for school libraries as a starting point. The major function of this framework is to provide a meta-analysis of the research, and further to relate this meta-analysis to the larger context in which this research is situated. The empirical literature reported mainly on student use. Much of the literature addressed lower-level issues, skills and outcomes, such as materials offered or borrowed, increased reading, and change in attitudes. However, limited attention was given to utilisation as an outcome. Attempts to find a causal relationship between library use and improved grades have been inconclusive. A major limitation of this framework is that it does not address the community aspect of these libraries that the empirical literature emphasized. This dual aspect of community libraries merits further exploration, and there is a need to develop theoretical frameworks that fit better with the realities of African communities and their libraries. There is also need for more research comparing community libraries across countries as well as within countries. The scholarly significance of this study is that is provides a comprehensive, critical review of the literature on community libraries in Africa and identifies caveats in the research literature. This will support future research on community libraries in Africa, an under-researched area.
On the role of multi-functional polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane in polystyrene-zinc oxide nanocomposites
Authors: Morici Elisabetta , Arrigo Rossella , Dintcheva Nadka Tz. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Multi-functional trisilanol phenyl (TSPH) and trisilanol isobutyl (TSIB) polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) have been used in the formulation of advanced polystyrene (PS)-zinc oxide (ZnO) nanocomposites. The neat matrix and PS/ZnO-based nanocomposites have been characterized through rheological, morphological, mechanical, and dynamic thermo-mechanical analysis. Both TSPH and TSIB are able to improve the dispersion of ZnO into the polystyrene matrix; furthermore, adding TSIB leads to better results because it facilitates better solubility into the PS matrix and interaction/reaction with the ZnO nanopowder. Finally, the optical properties and photo-oxidative resistance of the nanocomposite films have been evaluated. The POSS molecules synergistically interact with ZnO nanopowder in the protection of PS matrix against photo-oxidative process. The nanocomposite films containing both ZnO and POSS molecules, particularly TSIB, exhibit better UV-shielding properties than the PS/ZnO one, without loss of optical transparency.
Realisierung einer Robot-Vision-Applikation mit Lichtschnittverfahren für einen bestehenden Prozess
Authors: Grote Alexander , Schwab Erwin 
Published: November 2014

Zusammenfassung
Die Automation der Teileentnahme aus Behältern sowie das automatische Depalettieren aus Behältern mit Industrierobotern stellt derzeit bei bestimmten Objektgeometrien sowie Oberflächenbeschaffenheiten noch immer eine Herausforderung für den Systemintegrator dar. Nachfolgend soll ein einheitliches System beschrieben werden, womit zylindrisch geformte Bauteile aus Förderhilfsmittel gegriffen und automatisch mittels 6-Achsen-Industrieroboter dem Fertigungsprozess bereitgestellt werden. Zur Ermittlung des Greifpunktes werden mit einem Lichtschnittverfahren die Förderhilfsmittel digitalisiert und mittels einer adaptiven Software der Greifpunkt auf dem Objekt ermittelt. Besonderheit dieses System ist, dass die Sensorik, Software sowie Prozesskommunikation nachträglich in den Gesamtprozess integriert worden ist. Für die nachträgliche Integration gilt es ganz besonderen Ansprüchen gerecht zu werden, welche hier analytisch erfasst und dargestellt werden.
Zuverlässigkeitsbereiche als Maße der Messgenauigkeit
Authors: Krystek Michael 
Published: November 2014

Zusammenfassung
Seit der Einführung des GUM sollen Messergebnisse nur noch zusammen
mit der ihnen beigeordneten Messunsicherheit angegeben werden. Dabei
wird häufig statt der Standardunsicherheit die erweiterte Unsicherheit
verwendet. Die Länge des dadurch festgelegten Intervalls wird als ein
Maß für die Messgenauigkeit angesehen. Diese Interpretation ist aber
auf multivariate Verteilungen nicht unmittelbar übertragbar und ist
selbst in univariaten Fällen nicht immer sinnvoll. Deshalb wird hier
ein sogenannter Zuverlässigkeitsbereich vorgestellt, der als ein Maß
für die Messgenauigkeit dienen kann.
Magnetisch-induktive Durchflussmessung für nicht leitende Medien
Authors: Stange Gerd 
Published: November 2014

Zusammenfassung
Magnetisch-induktive Durchflusssensoren (MID) werden bisher
ausschließlich zur Volumendurchflussmessung von elektrisch leitenden
Flüssigkeiten eingesetzt. Für schwach leitende oder gar nicht
leitende Medien gilt das Messprinzip als ungeeignet. In dieser Arbeit wird
nun ein neuartiges Verfahren vorgestellt, das diese Grenze überwindet.
Mit ihm gelingt es, das MID-Verfahren auf nicht leitende, dielektrisch
polarisierbare Flüssigkeiten zu übertragen. Erste Messergebnisse mit
Rapsöl als Medium zeigen eine hervorragende Linearität und
Auflösung bei sehr einfachem Aufbau der Messanordnung. Damit wird ein
Tor zu neuen Anwendungsfeldern und neuen Technologien aufgestoßen, die
ein großes Marktpotential erwarten lassen.