bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Downregulation of Gabra4 expression during alcohol withdrawal is mediated by specific microRNAs in cultured mouse cortical neurons
Authors: Bekdash Rola A. , Harrison Neil L. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundAlcohol abuse and dependence are a serious public health problem. A large number of alcohol‐regulated genes, (ARGs) are known to be influenced by alcohol use and withdrawal (AW), and recent evidence suggests that neuroadaptation to alcohol may be due in part to epigenetic changes in the expression of ARGs. Gabra4, which encodes the α4 subunit of GABAA receptors (GABAARs), is one of a number of ARGs that show remarkable plasticity in response to alcohol, being rapidly upregulated by acute alcohol exposure. This study addressed the effects of AW on changes in the expression of Gabra4 and related genes that encode other subunits of GABAARs, and the potential regulation of Gabra4 by microRNAs.MethodsWe studied gene and microRNAs expression, using RT‐PCR and microRNA microarray in cultured cortical neurons treated with alcohol, which was then removed in order to simulate AW in vitro. We also used microRNA mimics or inhibitors, and a promoter‐reporter construct carrying the 3′UTR of Gabra4.ResultsEleven hours after removal of alcohol, Gabra4 was downregulated, with a modest increase in the expression of Gabrg2, but no change in the expression of Gabra1, Gabrd, or Gabrb2. microRNA profiling in neurons undergoing AW revealed upregulation in the expression of miR‐155, miR‐186, miR‐24, and miR‐375 after 8 h of AW. Transfection with molecular mimics of miR‐186, miR‐24, or miR‐375 also downregulated Gabra4 expression, whereas transfection with the corresponding inhibitors of these microRNAs normalized Gabra4 expression in AW neurons to the level measured in control neurons. Promoter‐reporter experiments supported the idea that miR‐155, miR‐186, miR‐24, miR‐27b, or miR‐375 bind to the 3′UTR of Gabra4 and thereby inhibit protein production.ConclusionsOur data suggest that AW decreases Gabra4 expression, and that this may be mediated in part by the induction of specific microRNAs in cortical neurons during AW.
Depletion of p18/LAMTOR1 promotes cell survival via activation of p27kip1‐dependent autophagy under starvation
Authors: Zada Sahib , Noh Hae Sook , Baek Seon Mi , Ha Ji Hye , Hahm Jong Ryeal , Kim Deok Ryong 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe MAPK and mTOR signal pathways in endosomes or lysosomes play a crucial role in cell survival and death. They are also closely associated with autophagy, a catabolic process highly regulated under various cellular stress or nutrient deprivation. Recently we have isolated a protein, named p18/LAMTOR1, that specifically regulates the ERK or mTOR pathway in lysosomes. p18/LAMTOR1 also interacts with p27kip1. Here we examined how p18/LAMTOR1 plays a role in autophagy under nutrient deprivation. The p18+/+ MEF cells were more susceptible to cell death under starvation or in the presence of AICAR in comparison with p18−/− MEF cells. Cleavage of caspase‐3 was increased in p18+/+ MEF cells under starvation, and phosphorylation at the threonine 198 of p27kip1 was highly elevated in starved p18−/− MEF cells. Furthermore, LC3‐II formation and other autophagy‐associated proteins were largely increased in p18‐deficient cells, and suppression of p27kip1 expression in p18−/− MEF cells mitigated starvation‐induced cell death. These data suggest that ablation of p18/LAMTOR1 suppresses starvation‐induced cell death by stimulating autophagy through modulation of p27kip1 activity.
Recent Applications of Magnetically Recoverable Nanocatalysts in CC and CX Coupling Reactions
Authors: Karimi Babak , Mansouri Fariborz , Mirzaei Hamid M. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractMagnetic nanoparticles have emerged recently as an alternative for the easy separation of nanosized catalysts from reaction mixtures by employing an external magnetic field. These magnetic nanoparticles have been used as supports for catalysts and/or as part of an active catalytic site. Herein, special attention is given to identify the main synthetic steps required to develop both precious‐ and nonprecious‐metal‐catalyzed CC and CX coupling reactions by using magnetically separable catalysts.
Antiviral Activity of Synthetic Aminopyrrolic Carbohydrate Binding Agents: Targeting the Glycans of Viral gp120 to Inhibit HIV Entry
Authors: Francesconi Oscar , Nativi Cristina , Gabrielli Gabriele , De Simone Irene , Noppen Sam , Balzarini Jan , Liekens Sandra , Roelens Stefano 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe binding abilities of a set of structurally related aminopyrrolic synthetic receptors for mannosides, endowed with antimycotic activity against yeast and yeast‐like pathogens bearing mannoproteins on their cell surface, have been investigated towards the highly mannosylated gp120 and gp41 glycoproteins of the HIV envelope. A pronounced binding interaction with both glycoproteins was observed by SPR for most of the investigated compounds. Comparison of their binding properties towards the glycoproteins with their binding affinities toward mannosides revealed a direct correlation, supporting their role as carbohydrate binding agents (CBAs). Cytostatic activity studies revealed antiproliferative activity dependent on the nature and the structure of compounds. Antiviral activity studies against a broad panel of DNA and RNA viruses showed inhibitory effect against HIV infection of the T‐lymphocyte CEM cell line for two compounds, suggesting antiviral activity similar to other CBAs, such as the nonpeptidic pradimicin antibiotics.
Complexation and Catenation in Aqueous Media Using a Self‐Assembled PdII Metallacyclic Receptor
Authors: Rama Tamara , López‐Vidal Eva M. , García Marcos D. , Peinador Carlos , Quintela José M. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA M2L2 rectangular‐shaped metallacycle, obtained by metal‐directed self‐assembly of a 2‐(pyridin‐4‐ylmethyl)‐2,7‐diazapyrenium salt and [(en)Pd (NO3)2] (en=ethylenediamine), has been investigated as a molecular receptor for a wide range of aromatic substrates in water. Complexation and catenation of the receptor with selected mono‐ and polycyclic aromatic substrates produced 1:1 inclusion complexes and [2]catenanes in a highly efficient fashion, as determined by NMR and UV/Vis spectroscopic techniques, as well as single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography. Furthermore, the thermodynamic and kinetic features of the complexation processes have been analyzed for selected model guests.
Localization in terrestrial and underwater sensor‐based m2m communication networks: architecture,classification and challenges
Authors: Karim Lutful , Mahmoud Qusay H. , Nasser Nidal , Anpalagan Alagan , Khan Nargis 
Published: June 2015

SummaryLocalizing machine‐type communication (MTC) devices or sensors is becoming important because of the increasing popularity of machine‐to‐machine (M2M) communication networks for location‐based applications. These include such as health monitoring, rescue operations, vehicle tracking, and wildfire monitoring. Moreover, efficient localization approaches for sensor‐based MTC devices reduce the localization error and energy consumption of MTC devices. Because sensors are used as an integral part of M2M communication networks and have achieved popularity in underwater applications, research is being conducted on sensor localization in both underwater and terrestrial M2M networks. Major challenges in designing underwater localization techniques are the lack of good radio signal propagation in underwater, sensor mobility management, and ensuring network coverage in 3D underwater M2M networks. Similarly, predicting the mobility pattern of MTC devices, trading‐off energy consumption and location accuracy pose great design challenges for terrestrial localization techniques. This article presents a comprehensive survey on the current state‐of‐the‐art research on both terrestrial and underwater localization approaches for sensor‐based MTC devices. It also classifies localization approaches based on several factors, identifies their limitations with potential solutions, and compares them. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Validation of the yale‐brown obsessive compulsive scale modified for binge eating
Authors: Deal Linda S. , Wirth R.J. , Gasior Maria , Herman Barry K. , McElroy Susan L. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTObjectiveEstablish the Yale–Brown obsessive compulsive scale modified for binge eating (YBOCS‐BE) as a fit for purpose measure of treatment benefit in clinical trials of binge eating disorder (BED).MethodsYBOCS‐BE psychometric properties were evaluated with data from a Phase 2 randomized controlled trial of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate in 260 adults with BED. Assessments included: Cohen's effect size estimates of item‐level sensitivity and scale‐level external responsiveness; item‐to‐total correlations; Cronbach's alpha for internal consistency reliability; Spearman correlations against reference measures for construct validity; known‐groups analyses for discriminating ability; t tests of within‐group differences between baseline and post baseline visits for internal responsiveness; and multiple anchor‐based approaches to estimate minimum clinically important change (MCIC).ResultsNo significant distribution anomalies were seen. Items appear sensitive to treatment group differences. Item‐to‐total correlations were positive. Internal consistency is 0.81. Large correlations (>0.50) were seen between YBOCS‐BE score change and the Clinical Global Impression–Improvement (CGI‐I; 0.58) and score changes for the following; number of binge days (0.38), Clinical Global Impression–Severity (CGI‐S; 0.57), the disinhibition (0.57) and hunger (0.52) subscales of the Three‐Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ), and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS‐11; 0.58). MCIC estimates range from −4 to −17.DiscussionThe YBOCS‐BE was found to be a reliable and valid measure of an important and unique concept in BED‐related clinical studies. Study limitations include using protocol‐defined BED severity level and the exclusion of psychiatric comorbidities. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:994–1004).
Brown trout thermal niche and climate change: expected changes in the distribution of cold‐water fish in central Spain
Authors: Santiago José M. , García de Jalón Diego , Alonso Carlos , Solana Joaquín , Ribalaygua Jaime , Pórtoles Javier , Monjo Robert 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis paper addresses the determination of the realized thermal niche and the effects of climate change on the range distribution of two brown trout populations inhabiting two streams in the Duero River basin (Iberian Peninsula) at the edge of the natural distribution area of this species. For reaching these goals, new methodological developments were applied to improve reliability of forecasts. Water temperature data were collected using 11 thermographs located along the altitudinal gradient, and they were used to model the relationship between stream temperature and air temperature along the river continuum. Trout abundance was studied using electrofishing at 37 sites to determine the current distribution. The Representative Concentration Pathways RCP4·5 and RCP8·5 change scenarios adopted by the International Panel of Climate Change for its Fifth Assessment Report were used for simulations and local downscaling in this study. We found more reliable results using the daily mean stream temperature than maximum daily temperature and their respective 7 days moving average to determine the distribution thresholds. Thereby, the observed limits of the summer distribution of brown trout were linked to thresholds between 18·1 and 18·7 °C. These temperatures characterize a realized thermal niche narrower than the physiological thermal range. In the most unfavourable climate change scenario, the thermal habitat loss of brown trout increased to 38% (Cega stream) and 11% (Pirón stream) in the upstream direction at the end of the century; however, at the Cega stream, the range reduction could reach 56% due to the effect of a ‘warm‐window’ opening in the piedmont reach. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interactions between water temperature and contaminant toxicity to freshwater fish
Authors: Patra Ronald W. , Chapman John C. , Lim Richard P. , Gehrke Peter C. , Sunderam Ramasamy M. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract

Warming of freshwaters as a result of climate change is expected to have complex interactions with the toxicity of contaminants to aquatic organisms. The present study evaluated the effects of temperature on the acute toxicity of endosulfan, chlorpyrifos, and phenol to 3 warm water species of fish—silver perch, rainbowfish, and western carp gudgeon—and 1 cold water species, rainbow trout. Endosulfan was more toxic to silver perch at 30 °C and 35 °C than at 15 °C, 20 °C and 25 °C during short exposures of 24 h, but at 96 h, temperature had no effect on toxicity. Toxicity to rainbow trout increased with increasing temperature, whereas warm water species exhibited maximum toxicity at around 30 °C, decreasing again toward 35 °C. Chlorpyrifos became more toxic to all species with increasing temperature. Phenol toxicity to all species decreased at low to intermediate temperatures; but as temperatures increased further toward the upper thermal limit, phenol became more toxic. Increasing toxicity in the upper thermal range of cold water species may contribute to upstream range contraction in rivers with high toxicant loads. In contrast, warm water species may not exhibit a range shift within rivers as a result of interactions between temperature and toxicity. Catchment management to offset global warming at local scales may present opportunities to mitigate increased toxicity of contaminants to fish. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:1809–1817. © 2015 SETAC
Soil water dynamics and hydrophysical properties of regenerating Sphagnum layers in a cutover peatland
Authors: Taylor Neil , Price Jonathan 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe physical and hydrological conditions in extracted peatlands often act as barriers to the regeneration of the keystone peat‐forming genus Sphagnum. Although previous work has suggested that Sphagnum mosses regenerating on cutover peat surfaces quickly become vulnerable to water stress as the thickness of the regenerated layer increases, uncertainties regarding the storage and transmission properties of this layer and how these might evolve over time have made this assertion difficult to evaluate. This study investigates the hydrophysical properties and hydrological behaviour of regenerating Sphagnum layers ranging from 3 to 43 years in age using both field and laboratory methods. The >40‐year‐old regenerated layers had significantly (p < 0.001) higher bulk density and retention capacity in the 5‐cm‐thick basal layer directly overlying the cutover peat than the newer (<10 year old) regenerated layers. Capillarity was a much stronger control on surficial water content (θ) than precipitation, which was poorly retained in the Sphagnum canopy, suggesting that regulation of water table position is an effective method of controlling θ as a means of optimizing productivity. In general, the θ sustained at a given water table position decreased as regenerated layer thickness increased. Analysis of water table position relative to the former cutover peat surface in different areas of the site suggests that the soil water dynamics of the >40‐year‐old regenerated layers may be becoming increasingly similar to those of a natural bog peatland. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of trace element impacts on agricultural use of water from the Dan River following the Eden coal ash release
Authors: Hesterberg Dean , Polizzotto Matthew L , Crozier Carl , Austin Robert E 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Catastrophic events require rapid, scientifically sound decision making to mitigate impacts on human welfare and the environment. The objective of this study was to analyze potential impacts of coal ash-derived trace elements on agriculture following a 35 000-tonne release of coal ash into the Dan River at the Duke Energy Steam Station in Eden, North Carolina. We performed scenario calculations to assess the potential for excessive trace element loading to soils via irrigation and flooding with Dan River water, uptake of trace elements by crops, and livestock consumption of trace elements via drinking water. Concentrations of 13 trace elements measured in Dan River water samples within 4 km of the release site declined sharply after the release and were equivalent within 5 d to measurements taken upriver. Mass–balance calculations based on estimates of soil trace-element concentrations and the nominal river water concentrations indicated that irrigation or flooding with 25 cm of Dan River water would increase soil concentrations of all trace elements by less than 0.5%. Calculations of potential increases of trace elements in corn grain and silage, fescue, and tobacco leaves suggested that As, Cr, Se, Sr, and V were elements of most concern. Concentrations of trace elements measured in river water following the ash release never exceeded adopted standards for livestock drinking water. Based on our analyses, we present guidelines for safe usage of Dan River water to diminish negative impacts of trace elements on soils and crop production. In general, the approach we describe here may serve as a basis for rapid assessment of environmental and agricultural risks associated with any similar types of releases that arise in the future. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2016;12:353–363. © 2015 SETAC
Key Points
Following a 35,000-tonne release of coal ash into the Dan River in North Carolina, total concentrations of 13 trace elements measured in river water within 4 kilometers of the release site declined sharply after the release and were equivalent to measurements taken upriver within 4 days. Trace-element concentrations in river water exceeded standards for surface water used as a drinking water source in &lt;10% of samples, and no samples exceeded guidelines for cattle drinking water. Irrigation or flooding with 25 cm of river water would increase soil trace-element concentrations by &lt;0.5%, indicating that river water is now suitable for use as irrigation water, and trace-element influx during flooding of agricultural areas will have only a marginal impact on soils and crops. Because the mobility and plant-availability of trace elements is difficult to accurately model on a site-by-site basis, a mass-balance approach provides a means to quickly assess the potential impacts of any future coal-ash spills or other similar events on agricultural operations.
Calcium hypochlorite as a dentin deproteinization agent: Microleakage, scanning electron microscopy and elemental analysis
Authors: Bortoluzzi de Conto Ferreira Michele , Carlini Júnior Bruno , Galafassi Daniel , Gobbi Delton Luiz 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTPurpose: This study investigated the influence of collagen removal with calcium hypochlorite on the surface morphology of acid‐etched dentin and on the microleakage of composite restorations. In addition, the elemental composition (EC) of dentin after removal of the collagen fibrils was analyzed. Materials and Methods: Forty third molars received two cavities and were divided into four groups according to dentin treatment: CTRL—no pre‐treatment; Na10—10% NaOCl for 30 s; Ca10—10% CaOCl for 30 s, and Ca15—15% CaOCl for 30 s. The cavities were filled using an acetone‐based adhesive system and a resin composite; they were then subjected to thermal cycling for 5,000 cycles, immersed in methylene blue for 4 h and sectioned into 1‐mm thick slabs. Two examiners evaluated two slices per tooth using a stereomicroscope and assigned the degree of infiltration (scores 0–3). The data were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis (α = 0.05). Four teeth received surface treatment according to the groups and were submitted to SEM and EDS to carry at the EC. Results: There was no significant difference between the experimental groups (P = 0.533). CaOCl alters the morphology and surface composition of the dentin, resulting in an increase in the amount of calcium in the interface. Conclusions: When used prior to an acetone‐based adhesive system, CaOCl did not produce any differences in microleakage when compared to the CTRL group or to the Na10 group. Microsc. Res. Tech. 78:676–681, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Three‐dimensional Co‐culture of hepatic progenitor cells and mesenchymal stem cells in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Zhong Li , Gou Juhua , Deng Nian , Shen Hao , He Tongchuan , Zhang Bing‐Qiang 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Here we co‐cultured hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to investigate whether the co‐culture environments could increase hepatocytes form. Methods: Three‐dimensional (3D) co‐culture model of HPCs and MSCs was developed and morphological features of cells were continuously observed. Hepatocyte specific markers Pou5f1/Oct4, AFP, CK‐18 and Alb were analyzed to confirm the differentiation of HPCs. The mRNA expression of CK‐18 and Alb was analyzed by RT‐PCR to investigate the influence of co‐culture model to the terminal differentiation process of mature hepatocytes. The functional properties of hepatocyte‐like cells were detected by continuously monitoring the albumin secretion using Gaussia luciferase assays. Scaffolds with HPCs and MSCs were implanted into nude mouse subcutaneously to set up the in vivo co‐culture model. Results: Although two groups formed smooth spheroids and high expressed of CK‐18 and Alb, hybrid spheroids had more regular structures and higher cell density. CK‐18 and Alb mRNA were at a relatively higher expression level in co‐culture system during the whole cultivation time (P < 0.05). Albumin secretion rates in the hybrid spheroids had been consistently higher than that in the mono‐culture spheroids (P < 0.05). In vivo, the hepatocyte‐like cells were consistent with the morphological features of mature hepatocytes and more well‐differentiated hepatocyte‐like cells were observed in the co‐culture group. Conclusions: HPCs and MSCs co‐culture system is an efficient way to form well‐differentiated hepatocyte‐like cells, hence, may be helpful to the cell therapy of hepatic tissues and alleviate the problem of hepatocytes shortage. Microsc. Res. Tech. 78:688–696, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Heat waves in Central Europe and their circulation conditions
Authors: Tomczyk Arkadiusz M. , Bednorz Ewa 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTThe research objectives were to describe heat waves (HWs) in Central Europe and define the synoptic situations that cause their occurrence. In this article, a hot day was defined as a day when the maximum temperature was above the 95th annual percentile and an HW was considered a sequence of at least five hot days. In the analysed multi‐year period and study area, 11 HWs were observed in the north and 51 HWs were observed in the south. The occurrence of HWs was mainly connected with positive anomalies of sea level pressure and with the 500 hPa level, which shows the presence of high‐pressure systems. HWs were also accompanied by positive T850 and precipitable water (PW) anomalies.