bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating soft collars in pre‐hospital cervical spine immobilisation: A cohort study on neurological outcomes, patient comfort and paramedic perspectives
Authors: Bruton Liam , Nichols Martin , Looi Stephanie , Evens Thomas , Bendall Jason C , Davis Kimberley J ,   the ESCAPE‐Evaluation Steering Committee
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveCervical spinal immobilisation procedures often include rigid cervical collars which, despite associated complications, may provide less immobilisation than previously thought. The present study reports the incidence of worsening neurological outcomes following soft collar application, and additionally reports patient comfort, compliance with spinal immobilisation, and paramedic perspectives on usage.MethodsThis was an observational cohort study conducted in selected metropolitan and regional areas of NSW Ambulance between 1 May 2022 and 31 March 2023. Soft collars were used exclusively in place of rigid collars. The SPEED (SPinal Emergency Evaluation of Deficits) tool was used to evaluate new or worsening neurological deficits following pre‐hospital soft collar application. Secondary outcomes included patient‐reported comfort of the device, and paramedic assessment of efficacy.ResultsOverall, 2098 soft collars were applied, of which 74 patients (3.5%) were subsequently found to have a cervical spine injury. Eight patients had a spinal cord injury, of which two experienced a worsening neurological deficit after soft collar application. In both instances, comprehensive case reviews determined that this was unlikely to have been attributable to the soft collar. The majority of patients found the soft collar comfortable, and they were well‐tolerated by patients who generally complied with immobility directions. Paramedics found the collar easy to apply, and felt it assisted in minimising patient movement.ConclusionsPre‐hospital use of soft collars does not appear to increase the risk of significant injury. Patients found these devices relatively comfortable, and clinicians reported overall ease of use with good patient compliance with immobility directives.
A method for characterizing disease emergence curves from paired pathogen detection and serology data
Authors: Hewitt Joshua , Wilson‐Henjum Grete , Collins Derek T. , Ringenberg Jourdan M. , Quintanal Christopher A. , Pleszewski Robert , Chandler Jeffrey C. , DeLiberto Thomas J. , Pepin Kim M. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Wildlife disease surveillance programs and research studies track infection and identify risk factors for wild populations, humans and agriculture. Often, several types of samples are collected from individuals to provide more complete information about an animal's infection history. Methods that jointly analyse multiple data streams to study disease emergence and drivers of infection via epidemiological process models remain underdeveloped. Joint‐analysis methods can more thoroughly analyse all available data, more precisely quantifying epidemic processes, outbreak status, and risks.

We contribute a paired data modelling approach that analyses multiple samples from individuals. We use ‘characterization maps’ to link paired data to epidemiological processes through a hierarchical statistical observation model. Our approach can provide both Bayesian and frequentist estimates of epidemiological parameters and state. Our approach can also incorporate test sensitivity and specificity, and we propose model fit diagnostics. We motivate our approach through the need to use paired pathogen and antibody detection tests to estimate parameters and infection trajectories for the widely applicable susceptible, infectious, recovered (SIR) model. We contribute general formulas to link characterization maps to arbitrary process models and datasets and an extended SIR model that better accommodates paired data.

We find via simulation that paired data can more efficiently estimate SIR parameters than unpaired data, requiring samples from 5 to 10 times fewer individuals. We use our method to study SARS‐CoV‐2 in wild white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) from three counties in the United States. Estimates for average infectious times corroborate captive animal studies. The estimated average cumulative proportion of infected deer across the three counties is 73%, and the basic reproductive number (R0) is 1.88.

Wildlife disease surveillance programs and research studies can use our methods to jointly analyse paired data to estimate epidemiological process parameters and track outbreaks. Paired data analyses can improve precision and accuracy when sampling is limited. Our methods use general statistical theory to let applications extend beyond the SIR model we consider and to more complicated examples of paired data. The methods can also be embedded in larger hierarchical models to provide landscape‐scale risk assessment and identify drivers of infection.
How to do pancreatic transection during robotic pancreaticoduodenectomy. Is hanging manoeuvre always necessary?
Authors: Biondo Santino Antonio , Kellil Tarek , Tormane Mohamed Amine , Del Basso Celeste , Giampaoli Francesca , Piardi Tullio 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSince its first description in 1898, pancreaticoduodenectomy has constantly been improved, allowing increasingly more complex operations to be performed even with a minimally invasive approach: laparoscopic and, in recent years, robotic approach. In most cases, similarly to open surgery, parenchymal transection is performed after the creation of a retropancreatic tunnel to ensure adequate control of the mesenteric vessels before sectioning the parenchyma. Sometimes tunnelling can be very difficult even dangerous to achieve, due to conditions such as: vascular involvement by the neoplasm of superior mesenteric vein (SMV) or portal vein (PV); fibrosis secondary to acute pancreatitis (AP) or radiotherapy. In such conditions, it seems suitable to avoid tunnelling before parenchymal transection. We will describe how we perform the standard technique which we will call ‘Tunnel First approach’ (TF) and then our new ‘Parenchyma Transection‐First’ (PTF) approach in its two variants: ‘bottom to top’ and ‘top to bottom’.
Epidural methadone and morphine pharmacokinetics and clinical effects in healthy volunteers: A randomized, crossover‐design trial
Authors: Hincker Alexander , Reschke Matthew , Ginosar Yehuda , Kagan Leonid , Kharasch Evan D. , Siemiątkowska Anna , Park Celine , Bakos Kristopher , Ben‐Abdallah Arbi , Haroutounian Simon 
Published: July 2024

AimsEpidural opioids can provide effective analgesia for acute postoperative pain. Due to its unique physicochemical properties and long systemic elimination half‐life, epidural methadone may provide lasting analgesia with minimal adverse effects; however, human studies are lacking. The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that epidural methadone would exhibit greater segmental analgesia (analgesia at the dermatome of injection vs. distant dermatomes) than epidural morphine.MethodsIn a prospective, randomized, double‐blinded, crossover study, thirteen healthy volunteers received a 4‐mg epidural bolus of methadone or morphine at L3–L4 and underwent repeated assessment of dermatomal heat pain tolerance and pressure pain threshold at lumbar (L3) and trigeminal (V2) dermatomes, pupil diameter, respiratory parameters and venous opioid concentration for 24 h. The primary outcome was selective (lumbar vs. trigeminal) segmental analgesia for heat pain, as a marker of a spinal analgesic mechanism.ResultsThe degree of segmental analgesia to heat pain tolerance was not different between morphine and methadone (P = .09), although morphine (P = .0009) but not methadone (P = .81) produced significant analgesia to heat pain at the lumbar vs. trigeminal dermatome over 0–12 h. Morphine overall provided longer lasting analgesia to heat pain vs. methadone (24 vs. 2 h, respectively). Morphine elicited greater systemic effects, including miosis (P = .009) and opioid‐related adverse effects (P = .002).ConclusionsThese results suggest that, with equal epidural doses, both methadone and morphine produced analgesia and methadone did not produce greater segmental effects than morphine. Epidural methadone provided a more favourable adverse effect profile.
Bridging the digital divide for individuals with intellectual disabilities: Implications for well‐being and inclusion
Authors: Murphy Esther , Shiels Orla , Fiori Sara , McCausland Darren , Bergström Helena , Koster Raphael , Noorlandt Hanna , Korfage Ida , Wallén Eva Flygare 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundDevelopments in digital technologies have transformed how people interact with the world, offering employment, education, communication, health benefits and entertainment. Research has shown that not everyone can easily access digital content, particularly people with intellectual disabilities. Despite internet access being recognised as a human right in the United Nations' Conventions on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, this group faces significant disadvantages.MethodsA thematic analysis of quantitative and qualitative findings was conducted with data from focus groups and interviews with 200+ participants across Ireland, Sweden, France, and the Netherlands on how people with intellectual disabilities are using technology at this time and access facilitators and barriers.FindingsThe pandemic exacerbated the digital divide between people with intellectual disabilities and their neurotypical peers, impacting physical and mental well‐being. Growing demand for accessible digital skills training underscores the need to bridge this gap.ConclusionAddressing these digital access disparities is crucial to ensure that individuals with intellectual disabilities can enjoy the benefits of the digital age and maintain their well‐being. By identifying priority topics in our interview data, researchers also pinpointed critical accessibility barriers and facilitators to support codesigning activities for future digital skills education content within the Digi‐ID project.
Endothelial progenitor cells for fabrication of engineered vascular units and angiogenesis induction
Authors: Rashidi Somayyeh , Bagherpour Ghasem , Abbasi‐Malati Zahra , Khosrowshahi Nafiseh Didar , Chegeni Sara Aghakhani , Roozbahani Golbarg , Lotfimehr Hamid , Sokullu Emel , Rahbarghazi Reza 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe promotion of vascularization and angiogenesis in the grafts is a crucial phenomenon in the healing process and tissue engineering. It has been shown that stem cells, especially endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), can stimulate blood vessel formation inside the engineered hydrogels after being transplanted into the target sites. The incorporation of EPCs into the hydrogel can last the retention time, long‐term survival, on‐target delivery effects, migration and differentiation into mature endothelial cells. Despite these advantages, further modifications are mandatory to increase the dynamic growth and angiogenesis potential of EPCs in in vitro and in vivo conditions. Chemical modifications of distinct composites with distinct physical properties can yield better regenerative potential and angiogenesis during several pathologies. Here, we aimed to collect recent findings related to the application of EPCs in engineered vascular grafts and/or hydrogels for improving vascularization in the grafts. Data from the present article can help us in the application of EPCs as valid cell sources in the tissue engineering of several ischemic tissues.
Quality of Life in Patients 20–31 Years After Heart Transplantation
Authors: Albert Wolfgang , Hudalla Anita , Hensky Luisa , Akın Aslı , Knosalla Christoph , Richter Fabian 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundSurvival rates after heart transplantation (HTx) have significantly improved over the last decades. There is a growing need to understand the long‐term psychological and somatic outcomes, which constitute quality of life (QoL), for these long‐term survivors.MethodsThe QoL of patients (N = 75) living 20–31 years (M = 24.9 years, SD = 2.3 years) after orthotopic HTx was evaluated. In a first step, a detailed overview of the patients’ somatic condition was assessed. Secondly, patients were compared to 58 control subjects in terms of self‐reported QoL (SF‐36) and psychological domains (GBB‐24; HADS). Finally, a cluster analysis was conducted to identify patterns within the patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) and to relate them to somatic, psychosocial, and demographic variables.Results95.7% of the HTx‐patients were in NYHA functional class I or II, and only 15.2% had a reduced LVEF. Compared to controls, long‐term HTx patients had significantly lower scores on the physical component summary (PCS) of QoL and on the GBB‐24 but not in the mental component summary (MCS) of QoL, or anxiety and depression (HADS). Clustering revealed two distinct groups of patients characterized by high versus low functioning and different levels of social support.ConclusionsLong‐term survivors have a good functional, cardiac, and mental status, but report a lower physical QoL and higher levels of subjective complaints. The importance of social support for HTx recipients is once again highlighted.
Individuals with genetic high‐risk for psychosis experience impaired coping styles compared with healthy controls
Authors: He Xiao‐Yang , Huang Zhuo‐Hui , Wang Fei , Jia Fujun , Hou Cai‐Lan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals with schizophrenia tend to have negative coping styles and low levels of self‐esteem, but it is unclear whether coping styles and self‐esteem levels are altered in people in the prodromal phase of psychosis.AimsThe study was designed to assess the role of coping style and self‐esteem in the context of different phases of schizophrenia.MethodsRecurrent Schizophrenia (ReSch), first‐episode schizophrenia patients (FEP), genetic‐high risk for psychosis (GHR) patients, and healthy controls (HC) (40 per group) were subjected to in‐person clinical interviews. The results of these interviews were then used to gauge coping style and self‐esteem using the Coping Styles Questionnaire (CSQ) and the Rosenberg's Self‐Esteem Scale (RSES). Data were analyzed through ANCOVAs and logistic regression analyses.ResultsThe results found that positive coping style (CSQ problem‐solving and CSQ seeking for help) generally decline with progression through the HC, GHR, and FEP groups, while negative coping style (CSQ fantasy, CSQ repression and CSQ self‐blame) generally increase with progression through the HC, GHR, and FEP groups (except that GHR group was slightly lower than HC group in CSQ self‐blame). Results for members of ReSch group were in line with those of members of the FEP group in coping style. At the level of self‐esteem, the GHR group was similar to the HC group and significantly higher than the FEP group and the ReSch group. Logistic regression analyses indicated that GHR group patients exhibited increased negative coping styles (CSQ fantasy) relative to members of the HC group, but had greater Positive coping style (CSQ problem‐solving) than did members of the FEP group.DiscussionThese findings suggest that both GHR individuals experience impaired negative coping styles which expands the understanding of the psychological characteristics of the prodromal group. Further explorations are warranted to develop optimal psychosocial interventions.
Embodying the nuclear: The moral struggle of family care in postfallout Japan
Authors: Cho Jieun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper examines the moral struggle of family care by focusing on parents’ efforts to raise “healthy” children in irradiated environments of Fukushima following the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster. Drawing on fieldwork between 2017 and 2020, it explores the lived experiences of primary caretakers, mostly mothers, as they strive to cultivate “health” in their children while negotiating conflicting logics of radiological exposure, risk assessment, and gendered childcare. Central to this endeavor is what I call an ethical labor of “balancing:” the daily negotiation between protecting children and allowing them to live fully in risk‐laden environments. Emphasizing intercorporeal and interpersonal aspects of embodied care, the paper examines the nuanced ways in which three mothers recalibrate notions of health, personhood, and responsibility to safeguard their children's everyday lives. Such notions of “health” carry significant implications for family dynamics amid the uncertainties of postdisaster life. By highlighting the critical role of family care in potentially stigmatizing environments, the paper advocates for developing frameworks that address the real‐life complexities of making life in an increasingly compromised world.
Leveraging single‐cell sequencing analysis and bulk‐RNA sequencing analysis to forecast necroptosis in cutaneous melanoma prognosis
Authors: Xie Jiaheng , Zhang Pengpeng , Tang Qikai , Ma Chenfeng , Li Muyang , Qi Min 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCutaneous melanoma, a malignancy of melanocytes, presents a significant challenge due to its aggressive nature and rising global incidence. Despite advancements in treatment, the variability in patient responses underscores the need for further research into novel therapeutic targets, including the role of programmed cell death pathways such as necroptosis. The melanoma datasets used for analysis, GSE215120, GSE19234, GSE22153 and GSE65904, were downloaded from the GEO database. The melanoma data from TCGA were downloaded from the UCSC website. Using single‐cell sequencing, we assess the heterogeneity of necroptosis in cutaneous melanoma, identifying distinct cell clusters and necroptosis‐related gene expression patterns. A combination of 101 machine learning algorithms was employed to construct a necroptosis‐related signature (NRS) based on key genes associated with necroptosis. The prognostic value of NRS was evaluated in four cohorts (one TCGA and three GEO cohorts), and the tumour microenvironment (TME) was analysed to understand the relationship between necroptosis, tumour mutation burden (TMB) and immune infiltration. Finally, we focused on the role of key target TSPAN10 in the prognosis, pathogenesis, immunotherapy relevance and drug sensitivity of cutaneous melanoma. Our study revealed significant heterogeneity in necroptosis among melanoma cells, with a higher prevalence in epithelial cells, myeloid cells and fibroblasts. The NRS, developed through rigorous machine learning techniques, demonstrated robust prognostic capabilities, distinguishing high‐risk patients with poorer outcomes in all cohorts. Analysis of the TME showed that high NRS scores correlated with lower TMB and reduced immune cell infiltration, indicating a potential mechanism through which necroptosis influences melanoma progression. Finally, TSPAN10 has been identified as a key target for cutaneous melanoma and is highly associated with poor prognosis. The findings highlight the complex role of necroptosis in cutaneous melanoma and introduce the NRS as a novel prognostic tool with potential to guide therapeutic decisions.
Regional invasion history and land use shape the prevalence of non‐native species in local assemblages
Authors: Liu Daijun , Essl Franz , Lenzner Bernd , Moser Dietmar , Semenchuk Philipp , Blackburn Tim M. , Cassey Phillip , Biancolini Dino , Capinha César , Dawson Wayne , Dyer Ellie E. , Guénard Benoit , Economo Evan P. , Kreft Holger , Pergl Jan , Pyšek Petr , van Kleunen Mark , Rondinini Carlo , Seebens Hanno , Weigelt Patrick , Winter Marten , Purvis Andy , Dullinger Stefan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe ecological impact of non‐native species arises from their establishment in local assemblages. However, the rates of non‐native spread in new regions and their determinants have not been comprehensively studied. Here, we combined global databases documenting the occurrence of non‐native species and residence of non‐native birds, mammals, and vascular plants at regional and local scales to describe how the likelihood of non‐native occurrence and their proportion in local assemblages relate with their residence time and levels of human usage in different ecosystems. Our findings reveal that local non‐native occurrence generally increases with residence time. Colonization is most rapid in croplands and urban areas, while it is slower and variable in natural or semi‐natural ecosystems. Notably, non‐native occurrence continues to rise even 200 years after introduction, especially for birds and vascular plants, and in other land‐use types rather than croplands and urban areas. The impact of residence time on non‐native proportions is significant only for mammals. We conclude that the continental exchange of biotas requires considerable time for effects to manifest at the local scale across taxa and land‐use types. The unpredictability of future impacts, implied by the slow spread of non‐native species, strengthens the call for stronger regulations on the exchange of non‐native species to reduce the long‐lasting invasion debt looming on ecosystems' future.
Natural fermentation of fresh Jasmine flowers inspired the development of a biotechnological ingredient with global anti‐ageing properties
Authors: Bergeron L. , Brulas M. , Mouret L. , Seassau A. , Magliano M. , Oger E. , Imbert I. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study focused on the development of a new‐to‐world ingredient harnessing the natural potential of fresh Jasminum grandiflorum flowers to self‐ferment by its phytobiome revealing flower content. Analytical investigations were conducted to highlight specific phytocompounds generated during the natural fermentation of flowers in comparison to a conventional extraction. The synergy with another extraction technology maximized the generation of biocompounds for an interesting efficacy.MethodsJasmine extract was elaborated by combining two patented technologies: the phytofermentology™, inspired by plant–microorganisms interaction and designed to develop ingredients obtained by natural fermentation of the vegetal using its own phytobiota; and the PSR™ technology allowing the extraction of bioactive phytocompounds such as small RNAs from plants.ResultsAnalytical investigations of Jasmine extract highlighted uniqueness and richness of the phytocompound profiles, such as organics acids and phenolic compounds, markers of fermentation only obtained after phytofermentology in comparison to conventional extraction. Jasmine extract has the particularity to contain jasmintides, flower small peptides belonging to the family of cysteine‐rich peptides (CRPs). Antioxidant and global anti‐ageing properties were investigated in cell‐free assays demonstrating interesting results: about 20% scavenging of free radicals from 0.5% of Jasmine extract and protection from DNA damage of 26% in comparison to a stressed control.ConclusionPhytofermentology™ technology combined with PSR™ technology, meant to be respectful of the environment, allowed to development of biofunctionals very close to nature with a unique analytical signature as Jasmine extract, using the potential of fresh flowers phytobiota to self‐ferment. The efficacy of the ingredient on global antioxidation and anti‐ageing via hyaluronidase/tyrosinase inhibitions was highlighted by cell‐free evaluation assays. Further and complementary studies should be conducted to confirm the bioefficacy of this ingredient with in vitro / ex vivo assays.