bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do the Study of Education and Teacher Education Belong at a Liberal Arts College?
Authors: Kimball Bruce A. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe question whether the study of education and teacher education belong at a liberal arts college deserves careful consideration. In this essay Bruce Kimball analyzes and finds unpersuasive the three principled rationales that are most often advanced on behalf of excluding educational studies, teacher education, or both from a liberal arts college. Specifically, Kimball argues that no principled definition of the conventional liberal arts disciplines excludes the study of education without barring other fields now regarded as legitimate, and consistency demands that all such fields be excluded if any are. In addition, teacher education, even if considered as merely “craft know‐how” or as professional training, cannot be excluded from liberal arts colleges without arbitrarily classifying it as suspect and subjecting it to strict scrutiny. But the question of whether educational studies or teacher education fit any asserted definition of liberal education does not finally resolve the question of whether they belong in a liberal arts college. Kimball concludes by suggesting that there are moral and prudential reasons for liberal arts colleges to offer teacher education and, concomitantly, the study of education, even apart from the unpersuasive objections that they do not fit a definition of liberal education.
Education for Work: A Review Essay of Historical, Cross‐Cultural, and Disciplinary Perspectives on Vocational Education
Authors: Peter Kuchinke K. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIn this review essay, K. Peter Kuchinke uses three recent publications to consider the question of how to educate young people for work and career. Historically, this question has been central to vocational education, and it is receiving renewed attention in the context of concerns over the ability of schools to provide adequate preparation for occupational roles and career success in a rapidly changing economic landscape. Philip Gonon's Quest for Modern Vocational Education provides a historical account of Georg Kerschensteiner's vision of the role of work as a central subject matter for all students. His approach served as the foundation for the dual system in present‐day Germany. Nancy Hoffman's Schooling in the Workplace contrasts the U.S. system of career preparation for non‐college‐bound students with that of five other OECD nations where workforce and academic preparation are more strongly connected to learning in the workplace. Christopher Winch's Dimensions of Expertise, finally, offers a conceptual analysis of central ideas of vocational knowledge and underscores the important role of learning in the context of practice. The three texts offer historical, comparative, and philosophical analyses of the complex task of preparation for work and challenge education scholars to move the subject matter into the center of contemporary educational theory.
Predicting shifts in parasite distribution with climate change: a multitrophic level approach
Authors: Pickles Rob S. A. , Thornton Daniel , Feldman Richard , Marques Adam , Murray Dennis L. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractClimate change likely will lead to increasingly favourable environmental conditions for many parasites. However, predictions regarding parasitism's impacts often fail to account for the likely variability in host distribution and how this may alter parasite occurrence. Here, we investigate potential distributional shifts in the meningeal worm, Parelaphostrongylosis tenuis, a protostrongylid nematode commonly found in white‐tailed deer in North America, whose life cycle also involves a free‐living stage and a gastropod intermediate host. We modelled the distribution of the hosts and free‐living larva as a complete assemblage to assess whether a complex trophic system will lead to an overall increase in parasite distribution with climate change, or whether divergent environmental niches may promote an ecological mismatch. Using an ensemble approach to climate modelling under two different carbon emission scenarios, we show that whereas the overall trend is for an increase in niche breadth for each species, mismatches arise in habitat suitability of the free‐living larva vs. the definitive and intermediate hosts. By incorporating these projected mismatches into a combined model, we project a shift in parasite distribution accounting for all steps in the transmission cycle, and identify that overall habitat suitability of the parasite will decline in the Great Plains and southeastern USA, but will increase in the Boreal Forest ecoregion, particularly in Alberta. These results have important implications for wildlife conservation and management due to the known pathogenicity of parelaphostrongylosis to alternate hosts including moose, caribou and elk. Our results suggest that disease risk forecasts which fail to consider biotic interactions may be overly simplistic, and that accounting for each of the parasite's life stages is key to refining predicted responses to climate change.
Analysis of series of variety trials with perennial crops
Authors: Piepho H.‐P. , Eckl T. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractField trials with perennial crops give rise to repeated measurements taken on the same plot on several occasions. It is important to account for serial correlation among repeated measurements in such trials. This study illustrates the use of mixed models for this purpose. We consider the analysis of trials conducted at several locations and the combination of trials with different starting years. A key issue in the analysis is the distinction between effects of calendar years, which are associated with external environmental variation, and harvest years, which represent internal yield formation processes of the perennial crop. Two methods of two‐stage analysis are compared with single‐stage analysis. It is shown that results of two‐stage analysis are very similar to those of single‐stage analysis, if serial correlation is properly taken into account. Program code for the MIXED procedure of the SAS system is given in an Appendix S1 for all considered cases.
How oncologists communicate information to women with recurrent ovarian cancer in the context of treatment decision making in the medical encounter
Authors: Elit Lorraine M. , Charles Cathy , Gafni Amiram , Ranford Jennifer , Tedford‐Gold Sara , Gold Irving 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundWomen with recurrent ovarian cancer depend on their physicians to provide them with information about their diagnosis and available treatment options if they wish to participate in the process of choosing the treatment. There is no information on how oncologists give information to women during the physician–patient encounter at the time the disease recurs.ObjectivesTo explore from the oncologists' perspective (i) the extent to which oncologists provide their own patients who are experiencing their first recurrence of ovarian cancer with the same information about management options, and (ii) any explicit or implicit criteria they use to decide whether and how to tailor the information to individual patients.MethodsWe adopted a qualitative, exploratory descriptive approach to begin to understand oncologists' perspectives on how they gave information to patients within the context of their clinical practice. Individual interviews were used to identify themes related to the study objectives.ResultsFifteen gynaecologic and five medical oncologists participated. Theme 1 describes the extent to which oncologists give information to their patients in the same way or in different ways. This section describes how the same oncologist may modify the depth of information transfer based on several factors. Theme 2 focuses on the factors that influence what information is given. For example, the amount and type of information given is based on the oncologist's on‐going assessment of how the patient is assimilating the information shared during the medical encounter, the oncologists' perception of their relationship with the patient and the oncologist's assessment of what role they should take in decision making. Theme 3 involves the factors that influenced how information is given. For example, the information shared may vary based on the oncologist's perception of the patient's vitality, the patient's comprehension of the information, the patient's emotional well‐being. In addition, the oncologist may make the information relevant for the patient by using analogies. Different types of information may be shared based on the oncologist's perception of patient‐ or family‐initiated question. The information relay may be curtailed based on competing demands for the oncologist.Discussion and ConclusionsOncologists provide women with information on their disease status, their treatment options and the side effects of treatment. The oncologists use perceptions to determine what information and how to provide information. The question this paper raises is whether the oncologist's perceptions reflect the individual patient's information and decision‐making needs.
Uniqueness of ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast concurrent with papilloma: implications from a detailed topographical and histopathological study of 50 cases treated by mastectomy and wide local excision
Authors: Moritani Suzuko , Ichihara Shu , Hasegawa Masaki , Endo Tokiko , Oiwa Mikinao , Shiraiwa Misaki , Morita Takako , Sato Yasuyuki , Hayashi Takako , Kato Aya , Iwakoshi Akari , Sato Tomoko 
Published: May 2013

AimsTo clarify the diagnostic clues of ductal carcinomas in situ (DCIS) associated with papilloma and optimal clinical management of papilloma diagnosed on core needle biopsy (CNB).Methods and resultsA total of 50 surgically resected cases were examined histopathologically and topographically. Thirty‐nine cases (78%) spread in segmental fashion. Papilloma and DCIS were intermingled closely in 44 cases (88%), occupying the same areas in varying proportions from DCIS‐predominant to papilloma‐predominant. The two components occupied discrete areas and collided focally in six cases (12%). Most were non‐high‐grade. Cribriform and solid architectures with fibrovascular stroma were frequent. The cribriform pattern was unique, consisting of fused tubules separated by fibrovascular stroma. Intraductal myoepithelial cells were present to varying degrees in 40 cases (80%). In 38 cases (76%), points were identified where papilloma and DCIS coexisted or collided within a single lumen (CC point). Forty‐eight cases (96%) had either intraductal myoepithelial cells or CC points, implying that DCIS and papilloma existed in the same duct system. Radiology showed segmental abnormalities in 83% of the available cases.ConclusionsIntraductal myoepithelial cells do not always guarantee benignity. Surgical resection is recommended for papilloma in CNB when radiology shows segmental abnormalities.
Microstructure Modifications and Sintering Mechanism of Ba0.55Sr0.4Ca0.05TiO3 Ceramics Containing Different MgO Additive for LTCC Application
Authors: Wang Dahao , Li Xiaolei , Jia Qianqian , Zhou Yugui , Ji Huiming , Dai Yejing 
Published: May 2013

Ferroelectric Ba0.55Sr0.4Ca0.05TiO3 (BSCT) ceramics with nano‐MgO additive have been prepared by typical electrical ceramic technology sintered at 950°C for 2 h. The influence of the additive content on the sintering behaviors of BSCT ceramics is investigated. The results show that the interactions of MgO with BSCT and B2O3‐Li2O liquid sintering additive help to form wetting boundaries for accelerating densification process, promote the grain growth of BSCT ceramic. The BSCT ceramic with 20 wt% nano‐MgO possesses uniform microstructure, high densification, and superior dielectric properties. The modification mechanism of nano‐MgO on BSCT ceramic is summarized as “MgO assisted wetting sintering model.”
Low‐Temperature Sintering Microwave Characteristics of B2O3‐doped CaLa4Ti4O15 Dielectric Ceramics
Authors: Hsu Cheng‐Hsing , Huang Ci‐Jie 
Published: May 2013

Preparation and microwave dielectric properties of B2O3‐doped CaLa4Ti4O15 ceramics have been investigated. X‐ray diffraction data show that CaLa4Ti4O15 ceramic has a trigonal structure coupled with a second phase of CaLa4Ti5O17. The CaLa4Ti4O15 ceramic with addition of 0.5 wt% B2O3, sintered at 1220°C for 4 h, exhibits microwave dielectric properties with a dielectric constant of 45.8, Q × f value of 24,000 GHz, and temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (τf) of −19 ppm/°C. B2O3‐doped CaLa4Ti4O15 ceramics, which have better sintering behavior (decrease in sintering temperature ~ 330°C) and dielectric properties than pure CaLa4Ti4O15 ceramics, are candidates for applications in microwave devices.
How reactive extrusion with adipic acid improves the mechanical and barrier properties of starch/poly (butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) films
Authors: Silva Igor F. E. , Yamashita Fabio , Müller Carmen M. O. , Mali Suzana , Olivato Juliana B. , Bilck Ana P. , Grossmann Maria V. E. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryBlends of starch with polyesters have commonly been used in the production of biodegradable films. However, the components in the blend are not always miscible; therefore, the use of compatibilisers is recommended. The objective of the present work was to study the compatibilisation effect of adipic acid (0.5%; 1.0%; 1.5% (w/w)) on films consisting of starch/glycerol/poly (butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT) produced by reactive extrusion. Films compatibilised with adipic acid exhibited statistically significant increase in tensile strength (from 7.28 to 8.45–9.13 MPa), elongation (in this case only with 0.5% of adipic acid) (516.51–679.10%), Young's modulus (21.72–28.75 MPa) and reduction in water vapour permeability (9.76–8.32 × 10−11 g per s.m.Pa) compared with the control film, which lacked the compatibiliser. Films produced using the compatibiliser also presented a microstructure with fewer cracks. There were no differences in the thermal degradation and crystallinity profile of the films.
Evaluation and validation of the Core Lower Urinary Tract Symptom Score as an outcome assessment tool for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: Effects of the α1‐adrenoreceptor antagonist silodosin
Authors: Ito Hiroki , Sano Futoshi , Ogawa Takehiko , Yao Masahiro 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWe investigated the Core Lower Urinary Tract Symptom Score as an outcome assessment tool for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms using silodosin. In addition, the ability of the Core Lower Urinary Tract Symptom Score to detect overactive bladder in male patients with lower urinary tract symptoms was examined. The present study included 241 males with benign prostatic hyperplasia treated at 31 medical facilities between June 2009 and December 2010. All patients were given silodosin, and the effects of silodosin intake were measured using four questionnaires: the Core Lower Urinary Tract Symptom Score, International Prostate Symptom Score, Overactive Bladder Symptom Score and Quality‐of‐Life index. The efficacy of silodosin for treating lower urinary tract symptoms was validated according to the total scores of all four questionnaires weighted equally (P < 0.05). Spearman's ρ among the Core Lower Urinary Tract Symptom Score, International Prostate Symptom Score and Overactive Bladder Symptom Score showed a mild‐high correlation. However, the correlation between the baseline values of the Core Lower Urinary Tract Symptom Score and Quality‐of‐Life index was low in the groups with benign prostatic hyperplasia (ρ = 0.314) and benign prostatic hyperplasia/overactive bladder (ρ = 0.244). Our findings showed the Core Lower Urinary Tract Symptom Score, both its total score and each subscore, is able to show the efficacy of silodosin, similar to other questionnaires. The Core Lower Urinary Tract Symptom Score is also useful for identifying overactive bladder symptoms in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. As the Core Lower Urinary Tract Symptom Score does not correlate well with the Quality‐of‐Life index, these two questionnaires might be better used in combination to assess treatment outcomes.
Acute infection of mice with Clostridium difficile leads to eIF2α phosphorylation and pro‐survival signalling as part of the mucosal inflammatory response
Authors: Sadighi Akha Amir A. , Theriot Casey M. , Erb‐Downward John R. , McDermott Andrew J. , Falkowski Nicole R. , Tyra Heather M. , Rutkowski D. Thomas , Young Vincent B. , Huffnagle Gary B. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryThe current study sought to delineate the gene expression profile of the host response in the caecum and colon during acute infection with Clostridium difficile in a mouse model of infection, and to investigate the nature of the unfolded protein response in this process. The infected mice displayed a significant up‐regulation in the expression of chemokines (Cxcl1, Cxcl2 and Ccl2), numerous pro‐inflammatory cytokines (Ifng, Il1b, Il6, and Il17f), as well as Il22 and a number of anti‐microbial peptides (Defa1, Defa28, Defb1, Slpi and Reg3g) at the site(s) of infection. This was accompanied by a significant influx of neutrophils, dendritic cells, cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage and all major subsets of lymphocytes to these site(s). However, CD4 T cells of the untreated and C. difficile‐infected mice expressed similar levels of CD69 and CD25. Neither tissue had up‐regulated levels of Tbx21, Gata3 or Rorc. The caeca and colons of the infected mice showed a significant increase in eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) phosphorylation, but neither the splicing of Xbp1 nor the up‐regulation of endoplasmic reticulum chaperones, casting doubt on the full‐fledged induction of the unfolded protein response by C. difficile. They also displayed significantly higher phosphorylation of AKT and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), an indication of pro‐survival signalling. These data underscore the local, innate, pro‐inflammatory nature of the response to C. difficile and highlight eIF2α phosphorylation and the interleukin‐22–pSTAT3–RegIIIγ axis as two of the pathways that could be used to contain and counteract the damage inflicted on the intestinal epithelium.
Provision of Kangaroo Mother Care: supportive factors and barriers perceived by parents
Authors: Blomqvist Ylva Thernström , Frölund Lovisa , Rubertsson Christine , Nyqvist Kerstin Hedberg 
Published: May 2013

Scand J Caring Sci; 2013; 27; 345–353

Provision of Kangaroo Mother Care: supportive factors and barriers perceived by parents
Background:  Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) supports parents’ role at the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). To enhance parents’ provision of KMC, it is essential to obtain knowledge of what parents perceive as supportive factors and barriers regarding their opportunities to perform KMC.Aim:  To identify factors that parents of preterm infants perceived as supportive factors or barriers for their performance of KMC and to explore the timing of and reasons for parents’ discontinuation of KMC.Methods:  A descriptive study performed at two NICUs in Sweden with 76 mothers and 74 fathers of preterm infants born at gestational ages ranging from 28 to 33 weeks. Data on infant characteristics were obtained from the infants’ medical records. A questionnaire, based on scientific literature and the researchers’ clinical experience, was completed by the mothers and the fathers separately, shortly after the infant’s discharge from the hospital. The data were analyzed with qualitative content analysis and descriptive statistic.Results:  Four categories were identified in parents’ responses regarding support and barriers for their performance of KMC: Parent related factors, Time, Infants related factors and The NICU and home environment. The hospital staff and environment were described by the parents as both supportive and barriers for their application of KMC. Some mothers described the infants’ feeding process as an obstacle to KMC. Sleeping with the infant skin‐to‐skin in the same position throughout the night could be difficult, as an uncomfortable sleeping position caused insufficient sleep. A majority of both mothers and fathers continued providing their infant with KMC to some extent after discharge.Conclusion:  Interventions for enhancing parents’ opportunities for performing KMC should address both hospital staff attitudes and practices and the NICU environment.
Nanocomposites of Surface‐Modified BaTiO3 Nanoparticles Filled Ferroelectric Polymer with Enhanced Energy Density
Authors: Yu Ke , Niu Yujuan , Zhou Yongcun , Bai Yuanyuan , Wang Hong 
Published: May 2013

We report nanocomposites of increased dielectric permittivity, enhanced electric breakdown strength and high‐energy density based on surface‐modified BaTiO3 (BT) nanoparticles filled poly(vinylidene fluoride) polymer. Polyvinylprrolidone (PVP) is used as the surface modification agent and homogeneous nanocomposite films have been prepared by solution casting processing. The dielectric permittivity of the nanocomposite with treated BT is higher than those with untreated BT and reaches the maximum value of 77 (1 kHz) at BT concentration of 55 vol%. The electric breakdown strength of the nanocomposite is greatly enhanced to 336 MV/m at BT concentration of 10 vol% and the calculated energy density is 6.8 J/cm3. The results indicate that using PVP as surface modification agent can greatly enhance the dielectric permittivity and electric breakdown strength of the ceramic–polymer nanocomposite and achieve high‐energy density for energy storage and power capacitor applications.
Multi‐Decadal Remote‐Sensing Analysis of Irrigated Areas in the Lower Rio Grande Valley, New Mexico
Authors: Jordan David L. , Barroll Peggy 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA time series of estimates of irrigated area was developed for the Lower Rio Grande valley (LRG) in New Mexico from the 1970s to present day. The objective of the project was to develop an independent, accurate, and scientifically justifiable evaluation of irrigated area in the region for the period spanning from the mid‐1970s to the present. These area estimates were used in support of groundwater modeling of the LRG region, as well as for other analyses. This study used a remote‐sensing‐based methodology to evaluate overall irrigated area within the LRG. We applied a methodology that involved the normalization of vegetation indices derived from satellite imagery to get a more accurate estimation of irrigated area across multiple time periods and multiple Landsat platforms. The normalization allows more accurate evaluation of vegetation index data that span several decades. An accuracy assessment of the methodology and results from this study was performed using field‐collected crop data from the 2008 growing season. The comparisons with field data indicate that the accuracy of the remote‐sensing‐based estimates of historical irrigated area is very good, with rates of false positives (areas identified as irrigated that are not truly irrigated) of only about 4%, and rates of false negatives (areas identified as not irrigated that are truly irrigated) in the range of 0.6‐2.0%.