bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of trees on preferential flow and soil infiltrability in an agroforestry parkland in semiarid Burkina Faso
Authors: Bargués Tobella A. , Reese H. , Almaw A. , Bayala J. , Malmer A. , Laudon H. , Ilstedt U. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractWater scarcity constrains the livelihoods of millions of people in tropical drylands. Tree planting in these environments is generally discouraged due to the large water consumption by trees, but this view may neglect their potential positive impacts on water availability. The effect of trees on soil hydraulic properties linked to groundwater recharge is poorly understood. In this study, we performed 18 rainfall simulations and tracer experiments in an agroforestry parkland in Burkina Faso to investigate the effect of trees and associated termite mounds on soil infiltrability and preferential flow. The sampling points were distributed in transects each consisting of three positions: (i) under a single tree, (ii) in the middle of an open area, and (iii) under a tree associated with a termite mound. The degree of preferential flow was quantified through parameters based on the dye infiltration patterns, which were analyzed using image analysis of photographs. Our results show that the degree of preferential flow was highest under trees associated with termite mounds, intermediate under single trees, and minimal in the open areas. Tree density also had an influence on the degree of preferential flow, with small open areas having more preferential flow than large ones. Soil infiltrability was higher under single trees than in the open areas or under trees associated with a termite mound. The findings from this study demonstrate that trees have a positive impact on soil hydraulic properties influencing groundwater recharge, and thus such effects must be considered when evaluating the impact of trees on water resources in drylands.
Autism Across Cultures: Perspectives From Non‐Western Cultures and Implications for Research
Authors: Freeth Megan , Milne Elizabeth , Sheppard Elizabeth , Ramachandran Rajani 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAutism exists worldwide across geographical and cultural boundaries. Even though the situation is changing for the better, far less research on autism has been conducted to date in non‐Western cultures compared to Western cultures. Research evidence clearly demonstrates that culture impacts behavior relevant to autism. It is therefore important to understand how culture influences the expression of autism, as well as the effect of culture on how autism is perceived, understood, diagnosed, supported, and treated. This chapter reviews current perspectives on autism from non‐Western cultures and suggests that further work in this area will lead to improved understanding of the universality of autism, the causes, the cognitive and behavioral profile, and how best to improve outcomes for those affected.
Gold‐Catalyzed Intermolecular CS Bond Formation: Efficient Synthesis of α‐Substituted Vinyl Sulfones
Authors: Xi Yumeng , Dong Boliang , McClain Edward J. , Wang Qiaoyi , Gregg Tesia L. , Akhmedov Novruz G. , Petersen Jeffrey L. , Shi Xiaodong 
Published: April 2014

AbstractA general method for the synthesis of α‐substituted vinyl sulfones makes use of a combination of a triazole gold complex and gallium triflate. This efficient CS bond formation between simple terminal alkynes and sulfinic acids provides access to various α‐substituted vinyl sulfones.
Identifizierung und Strukturbestimmung eines niedermolekularen Aktivators der LFA‐1/ICAM‐1‐Bindung
Authors: Hintersteiner Martin , Kallen Jörg , Schmied Mario , Graf Christine , Jung Thomas , Mudd Gemma , Shave Steven , Gstach Hubert , Auer Manfred 
Published: April 2014

AbstractDie Stabilisierung von Protein‐Protein‐Interaktionen durch kleine Moleküle ist ein vergleichsweise neuer Ansatz, für den bis dato nur wenige Beispiele erbracht wurden. Hier beschreiben wir die Identifizierung von IBE‐667, einem kleinen Molekül, dass die Affinität von LFA‐1 für ICAM‐1 erhöht, sowie die mittels Röntgencokristallisation erhaltene Struktur des IBE‐667/LFA‐1‐Komplexes. Das Design von IBE‐667 basierte auf der Struktur‐Aktivitäts‐Beziehung, welche aus einem vorherigen On‐Bead‐Screen von markierten kombinatorischen One‐Bead‐One‐Compound(OBOC)‐Substanzbibliotheken durch konfokales Nanoscanning und Bead Picking (CONA) abgeleitet wurde. Mithilfe von zellulären Analysen an aktivierten Immunzellen konnte gezeigt werden, dass IBE‐667 die Bindung von LFA‐1 an ICAM‐1 verstärkt.
Electrochemical Synthesis of Tetrahexahedral Rhodium Nanocrystals with Extraordinarily High Surface Energy and High Electrocatalytic Activity
Authors: Yu Neng‐Fei , Tian Na , Zhou Zhi‐You , Huang Long , Xiao Jing , Wen Yu‐Hua , Sun Shi‐Gang 
Published: April 2014

AbstractNoble metal nanocrystals (NCs) enclosed with high‐index facets hold a high catalytic activity thanks to the high density of low‐coordinated step atoms that they exposed on their surface. Shape‐control synthesis of the metal NCs with high‐index facets presents a big challenge owing to the high surface energy of the NCs, and the shape control for metal Rh is even more difficult because of its extraordinarily high surface energy in comparison with Pt, Pd, and Au. The successful synthesis is presented of tetrahexahedral Rh NCs (THH Rh NCs) enclosed by {830} high‐index facets through the dynamic oxygen adsorption/desorption mediated by square‐wave potential. The results demonstrate that the THH Rh NCs exhibit greatly enhanced catalytic activity over commercial Rh black catalyst for the electrooxidation of ethanol and CO.
Phenotypic Screening to Identify Small‐Molecule Enhancers for Glucose Uptake: Target Identification and Rational Optimization of Their Efficacy
Authors: Koh Minseob , Park Jongmin , Koo Ja Young , Lim Donghyun , Cha Mi Young , Jo Ala , Choi Jang Hyun , Park Seung Bum 
Published: April 2014

AbstractSmall‐molecule glucose uptake enhancers targeted to myotubes and adipocytes were developed through a phenotypic screening linked with target identification and rational optimization. The target protein of glucose‐uptake enhancers was identified as a nuclear receptor PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma). Subsequent optimization of initial hits generated lead compounds with high potency for PPARγ transactivation and cellular glucose uptake. Finally, we confirmed that the chirality of optimized ligands differentiates their PPARγ transcriptional activity, binding affinity, and inhibitory activity toward Cdk5 (cyclin‐dependent kinase 5)‐mediated phosphorylation of PPARγ at Ser273. Using phenotype‐based lead discovery along with early‐stage target identification, this study has identified a new small‐molecule enhancer of glucose uptake that targets PPARγ.
Interpenetration as a Mechanism for Negative Thermal Expansion in the Metal–Organic Framework Cu3(btb)2 (MOF‐14)
Authors: Wu Yue , Peterson Vanessa K. , Luks Emily , Darwish Tamim A. , Kepert Cameron J. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractMetal–organic framework materials (MOFs) have recently been shown in some cases to exhibit strong negative thermal expansion (NTE) behavior, while framework interpenetration has been found to reduce NTE in many materials. Using powder and single‐crystal diffraction methods we investigate the thermal expansion behavior of interpenetrated Cu3(btb)2 (MOF‐14) and find that it exhibits an anomalously large NTE effect. Temperature‐dependent structural analysis shows that, contrary to other interpenetrated materials, in MOF‐14 the large positive thermal expansion of weak interactions that hold the interpenetrating networks together results in a low‐energy contractive distortion of the overall framework structure, demonstrating a new mechanism for NTE.
Stitching 2D Polymeric Layers into Flexible Interpenetrated Metal–Organic Frameworks within Single Crystals
Authors: Zhang Zi‐Xuan , Ding Ni‐Ni , Zhang Wen‐Hua , Chen Jin‐Xiang , Young David J. , Hor T. S. Andy 
Published: April 2014

AbstractA 2D coordination polymer prepared with bulky diethylformamide solvates exhibits channels which allow dipyridyl bridging ligands to diffuse into the crystal lattice. The absorbed dipyridyls thread through the pores of one layer and substitute the surface diethylformamide molecules on the neighboring layers to stitch alternate layers to form flexible interpenetrated metal–orgaic frameworks. The threading process also results in exchange of the bulky diethylformamide solvates for aqua to minimize congestion and, more strikingly, forces the slippage of two‐dimensional layers, while still maintaining crystallinity.
Dioxygen‐Triggered Transannular Dearomatization of Benzo[5]helicene Diols: Highly Efficient Synthesis of Chiral π‐Extended Diones
Authors: Shen Yun , Lu Hai‐Yan , Chen Chuan‐Feng 
Published: April 2014

AbstractOxidative dearomatization is a powerful strategy in organic synthesis. However, reports on using dioxygen as the oxidant, as it is environmentally friendly, readily available (air), and easy to handle, are rather limited. Helicene diols can undergo transannular dearomatization triggered by dioxygen to give diones in quantitative yields within several minutes. By virtue of this, the chirality is successfully transferred from helicity to central chirality to form distorted π‐extended diones having two all‐carbon quaternary stereocenters. The optical resolution was achieved by column chromatography, and the structures and the absolute configurations of the chiral diones were determined by X‐ray analysis.
Fabrication of Multiresponsive Bioactive Nanocapsules through Orthogonal Self‐Assembly
Authors: Yeh Yi‐Cheun , Tang Rui , Mout Rubul , Jeong Youngdo , Rotello Vincent M. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractMultifunctional self‐assembled systems present platforms for fundamental research and practical applications as they provide tunability of structure, functionality, and stimuli responsiveness. Pragmatic structures for biological applications have multiple design requirements, including control of size, stability, and environmental response. Here we present the fabrication of multifunctional nanoparticle‐stabilized capsules (NPSCs) by using a set of orthogonal supramolecular interactions. In these capsules, fluorescent proteins are attached to quantum dots through polyhistidine coordination. These anionic assemblies interact laterally with cationic gold nanoparticles that are anchored to the fatty acid core through guanidinium–carboxylate interactions. The lipophilic core then provides a reservoir for hydrophobic endosome‐disrupting agents, thereby generating a system featuring stimuli‐responsive release of a payload into the cytosol with fluorescence monitoring.
A Collection of Fullerenes for Synthetic Access Toward Oriented Charge‐Transfer Cascades in Triple‐Channel Photosystems
Authors: Bolag Altan , López‐Andarias Javier , Lascano Santiago , Soleimanpour Saeideh , Atienza Carmen , Sakai Naomi , Martín Nazario , Matile Stefan 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe development of synthetic methods to build complex functional systems is a central and current challenge in organic chemistry. This goal is important because supramolecular architectures of highest sophistication account for function in nature, and synthetic organic chemistry, contrary to high standards with small molecules, fails to deliver functional systems of similar complexity. In this report, we introduce a collection of fullerenes that is compatible with the construction of multicomponent charge‐transfer cascades and can be placed in triple‐channel architectures next to stacks of oligothiophenes and naphthalenediimides. For the creation of this collection, modern fullerene chemistry—methanofullerenes and 1,4‐diarylfullerenes—is combined with classical Nierengarten–Diederich–Bingel approaches.
Gold(I) as an Artificial Cyclase: Short Stereodivergent Syntheses of (−)‐Epiglobulol and (−)‐4β,7α‐ and (−)‐4α,7α‐Aromadendranediols
Authors: Carreras Javier , Livendahl Madeleine , McGonigal Paul R. , Echavarren Antonio M. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThree natural aromadendrane sesquiterpenes, (−)‐epiglobulol, (−)‐4β,7α‐aromadendranediol, and (−)‐4α,7α‐aromadendranediol, have been synthesized in only seven steps in 12, 15, and 17 % overall yields, respectively, from (E,E)‐farnesol by a stereodivergent gold(I)‐catalyzed cascade reaction which forms the tricyclic aromadendrane core in a single step. These are the shortest total syntheses of these natural compounds.
Well‐Defined Four‐Coordinate Iron(II) Complexes For Intramolecular Hydroamination of Primary Aliphatic Alkenylamines
Authors: Bernoud Elise , Oulié Pascal , Guillot Régis , Mellah Mohamed , Hannedouche Jérôme 
Published: April 2014

AbstractDespite the growing interest in iron catalysis and hydroamination reactions, iron‐catalyzed hydroamination of unprotected primary aliphatic amines and unactivated alkenes has not been reported to date. Herein, a novel well‐defined four‐coordinate β‐diketiminatoiron(II) alkyl complex is shown to be an excellent precatalyst for the highly selective cyclohydroamination of primary aliphatic alkenylamines at mild temperatures (70–90 °C). Both empirical kinetic analyses and the reactivity of an isolated iron(II) amidoalkene dimer, [LFe(NHCH2CPh2CH2CHCH2)]2 favor a stepwise σ‐insertive mechanism that entails migratory insertion of the pendant alkene into an iron–amido bond associated with a rate‐determining aminolysis step.
Crystal‐Plane‐Controlled Selectivity of Cu2O Catalysts in Propylene Oxidation with Molecular Oxygen
Authors: Hua Qing , Cao Tian , Gu Xiang‐Kui , Lu Jiqing , Jiang Zhiquan , Pan Xiaorong , Luo Liangfeng , Li Wei‐Xue , Huang Weixin 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe selective oxidation of propylene with O2 to propylene oxide and acrolein is of great interest and importance. We report the crystal‐plane‐controlled selectivity of uniform capping‐ligand‐free Cu2O octahedra, cubes, and rhombic dodecahedra in catalyzing propylene oxidation with O2: Cu2O octahedra exposing {111} crystal planes are most selective for acrolein; Cu2O cubes exposing {100} crystal planes are most selective for CO2; Cu2O rhombic dodecahedra exposing {110} crystal planes are most selective for propylene oxide. One‐coordinated Cu on Cu2O(111), three‐coordinated O on Cu2O(110), and two‐coordinated O on Cu2O(100) were identified as the catalytically active sites for the production of acrolein, propylene oxide, and CO2, respectively. These results reveal that crystal‐plane engineering of oxide catalysts could be a useful strategy for developing selective catalysts and for gaining fundamental understanding of complex heterogeneous catalytic reactions at the molecular level.
Identification and X‐ray Co‐crystal Structure of a Small‐Molecule Activator of LFA‐1‐ICAM‐1 Binding
Authors: Hintersteiner Martin , Kallen Jörg , Schmied Mario , Graf Christine , Jung Thomas , Mudd Gemma , Shave Steven , Gstach Hubert , Auer Manfred 
Published: April 2014

AbstractStabilization of protein–protein interactions by small molecules is a concept with few examples reported to date. Herein we describe the identification and X‐ray co‐crystal structure determination of IBE‐667, an ICAM‐1 binding enhancer for LFA‐1. IBE‐667 was designed based on the SAR information obtained from an on‐bead screen of tagged one‐bead one‐compound combinatorial libraries by confocal nanoscanning and bead picking (CONA). Cellular assays demonstrate the activity of IBE‐667 in promoting the binding of LFA‐1 on activated immune cells to ICAM‐1.
Unprecedented Iron‐Catalyzed Ester Hydrogenation. Mild, Selective, and Efficient Hydrogenation of Trifluoroacetic Esters to Alcohols Catalyzed by an Iron Pincer Complex
Authors: Zell Thomas , Ben‐David Yehoshoa , Milstein David 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe synthetically important, environmentally benign hydrogenation of esters to alcohols has been accomplished in recent years only with precious‐metal‐based catalysts. Here we present the first iron‐catalyzed hydrogenation of esters to the corresponding alcohols, proceeding selectively and efficiently in the presence of an iron pincer catalyst under remarkably mild conditions.
Effects of epoxidized natural rubber (ENR‐50) and processing parameters on the properties of NR/EPDM blends using response surface methodology
Authors: Mohamad Noraiham , Yaakub Juliana , Abd Razak Jeefferie , Yaakob Mohd Yuhazri , Shueb Mohammed Iqbal , Muchtar Andanastuti 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTThe effects of epoxidized natural rubber (ENR‐50) and processing parameters on the properties of natural rubber/ethylene–propylene–diene rubber (NR/EPDM; 70 : 30 phr) blends were studied. The compounds were prepared by melt compounding method. Using response surface methodology of two‐level full factorial, the effects of ENR‐50 contents (−1 : 5 phr; +1 : 10 phr), mixing temperature (−1 : 50°C; +1 : 110°C), rotor speed (−1 : 40 rpm; +1 : 80 rpm), and mixing time (−1 : 5 min; +1 : 9 min) in NR/EPDM blends were evaluated. Cure characteristics and tensile properties were selected as the responses. The significance of factors and its interaction was analyzed using ANOVA and the model's ability to represent the system was confirmed using the constant of determination, R2 with values above 0.90. It was found that the presence of ENR‐50 has the predominant role on the properties of NR/EPDM blends. The addition of ENR‐50 significantly improved cure characteristics and tensile strength up to 5.12% and 6.48% compared to neat NR/EPDM blends, respectively. These findings were further supported by swell measurement, differential scanning calorimetry, and scanning electron microscopy. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40713.
Incidence of Total Knee and Hip Replacement for Osteoarthritis in Relation to Circulating Sex Steroid Hormone Concentrations in Women
Authors: Hussain Sultana Monira , Cicuttini Flavia M. , Bell Robin J. , Robinson Penelope J. , Davis Susan R. , Giles Graham G. , Graves Stephen , Milne Roger L. , Wang Yuanyuan 
Published: April 2014

ObjectiveThe increased prevalence of osteoarthritis (OA) in postmenopausal women suggests that changes in either circulating sex steroid concentrations or the tissue response to sex steroids may have a role in the pathogenesis of OA. The aim of this study was to examine whether circulating sex steroid concentrations are associated with the incidence of total knee and total hip replacement for OA.MethodsStudy subjects (n = 2,621; all women) were recruited in 1990–1994 from the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study (MCCS). Circulating sex steroid concentrations were measured in blood samples obtained from the women at the time of recruitment. The incidence of total knee and total hip replacement for OA during 2001–2011 was determined by linking the MCCS records to the Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry.ResultsDuring the followup period, 115 women had undergone total knee replacement and 99 had undergone total hip replacement for OA. Greater log‐transformed concentrations of estradiol were associated with a lower incidence of knee replacement (hazard ratio [HR] 0.70, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.50–0.96), and greater log‐transformed concentrations of androstenedione were associated with a lower incidence of hip replacement (HR 0.70, 95% CI 0.52–0.93). In contrast, greater log‐transformed concentrations of sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) were associated with a higher incidence of hip replacement (HR 1.70, 95% CI 1.05–2.77).ConclusionA lower estradiol concentration is a risk factor for knee OA, while a lower androstenedione concentration and higher SHBG concentration are risk factors for hip OA in women. These findings suggest that circulating sex steroids have a role in the pathogenesis of OA, and that modifying these steroid concentrations may provide a potential strategy for the prevention and treatment of knee and hip OA.
Structural Optimization of Interpenetrated Pillared‐Layer Coordination Polymers for Ethylene/Ethane Separation
Authors: Kishida Keisuke , Horike Satoshi , Watanabe Yoshihiro , Tahara Mina , Inubushi Yasutaka , Kitagawa Susumu 
Published: April 2014

AbstractWith the goal of achieving effective ethylene/ethane separation, we evaluated the gas sorption properties of four pillared‐layer‐type porous coordination polymers with double interpenetration, [Zn2(tp)2(bpy)]n (1), [Zn2(fm)2(bpe)]n (2), [Zn2(fm)2(bpa)]n (3), and [Zn2(fm)2(bpy)]n (4) (tp=terephthalate, bpy=4,4′‐bipyridyl, fm=fumarate, bpe=1,2‐di(4‐pyridyl)ethylene and bpa=1,2‐di(4‐pyridyl)ethane). It was found that 4, which contains the narrowest pores of all of these compounds, exhibited ethylene‐selective sorption profiles. The ethylene selectivity of 4 was estimated to be 4.6 at 298 K based on breakthrough experiments using ethylene/ethane gas mixtures. In addition, 4 exhibited a good regeneration ability compared with a conventional porous material.
FRET‐Based Mitochondria‐Targetable Dual‐Excitation Ratiometric Fluorescent Probe for Monitoring Hydrogen Sulfide in Living Cells
Authors: Yuan Lin , Zuo Qing‐Ping 
Published: April 2014

AbstractHydrogen sulfide (H2S) is connected with various physiological and pathological functions. However, understanding the important functions of H2S remains challenging, in part because of the lack of tools for detecting endogenous H2S. Herein, compounds Ratio‐H2S 1/2 are the first FRET‐based mitochondrial‐targetable dual‐excitation ratiometric fluorescent probes for H2S on the basis of H2S‐promoted thiolysis of dinitrophenyl ether. With the enhancement of H2S concentration, the excitation peak at λ≈402 nm of the phenolate form of the hydroxycoumarin unit drastically increases, whereas the excitation band centered at λ≈570 nm from rhodamine stays constant and can serve as a reference signal. Thus, the ratios of fluorescence intensities at λ=402 and 570 nm (I402/I570) exhibit a drastic change from 0.048 in the absence of H2S to 0.36 in the presence of 180 μM H2S; this is a 7.5‐fold variation in the excitation ratios. The favorable properties of the probe include the donor and acceptor excitation bands, which exhibit large excitation separations (up to 168 nm separation) and comparable excitation intensities, high sensitivity and selectivity, and function well at physiological pH. In addition, it is demonstrated that the probe can localize in the mitochondria and determine H2S in living cells. It is expected that this strategy will lead to the development of a wide range of mitochondria‐targetable dual‐excitation ratiometric probes for other analytes with outstanding spectral features, including large separations between the excitation wavelengths and comparable excitation intensities.