bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EPR‐Based Approach for the Localization of Paramagnetic Metal Ions in Biomolecules
Authors: Abdullin Dinar , Florin Nicole , Hagelueken Gregor , Schiemann Olav 
Published: December 2014

AbstractMetal ions play an important role in the catalysis and folding of proteins and oligonucleotides. Their localization within the three‐dimensional fold of such biomolecules is therefore an important goal in understanding structure–function relationships. A trilateration approach for the localization of metal ions by means of long‐range distance measurements based on electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) is introduced. The approach is tested on the Cu2+ center of azurin, and factors affecting the precision of the method are discussed.
Unusual Ultra‐Hydrophilic, Porous Carbon Cuboids for Atmospheric‐Water Capture
Authors: Hao Guang‐Ping , Mondin Giovanni , Zheng Zhikun , Biemelt Tim , Klosz Stefan , Schubel René , Eychmüller Alexander , Kaskel Stefan 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThere is significant interest in high‐performance materials that can directly and efficiently capture water vapor, particularly from air. Herein, we report a class of novel porous carbon cuboids with unusual ultra‐hydrophilic properties, over which the synergistic effects between surface heterogeneity and micropore architecture is maximized, leading to the best atmospheric water‐capture performance among porous carbons to date, with a water capacity of up to 9.82 mmol g−1 at P/P0=0.2 and 25 °C (20 % relative humidity or 6000 ppm). Benefiting from properties, such as defined morphology, narrow pore size distribution, and high heterogeneity, this series of functional carbons may serve as model materials for fundamental research on carbon chemistry and the advance of new types of materials for water‐vapor capture as well as other applications requiring combined highly hydrophilic surface chemistry, developed hierarchical porosity, and excellent stability.
Microporous La–Metal–Organic Framework (MOF) with Large Surface Area
Authors: Pal Souvik , Bhunia Asamanjoy , Jana Partha P. , Dey Subarna , Möllmer Jens , Janiak Christoph , Nayek Hari Pada 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA microporous La–metal‐organic framework (MOF) has been synthesized by the reaction of La(NO3)3⋅6 H2O with a ligand 4,4′,4′′‐s‐triazine‐1,3,5‐triyltri‐p‐aminobenzoate (TATAB) featuring three carboxylate groups. Crystal structure analysis confirms the formation of 3D MOF with hexagonal micropores, a Brunauer–Emmett—Teller (BET) surface area of 1074 m2 g−1 and high thermal and chemical stability. The CO2 adsorption capacities are 76.8 cm3 g−1 at 273 K and 34.6 cm3 g−1 at 293 K, a highest measured CO2 uptake for a Ln–MOFs.
Discovery of Mono‐ and Disubstituted 1H‐Pyrazolo[3,4]pyrimidines and 9H‐Purines as Catalytic Inhibitors of Human DNA Topoisomerase IIα
Authors: Pogorelčnik Barbara , Brvar Matjaž , Žegura Bojana , Filipič Metka , Solmajer Tom , Perdih Andrej 
Published: December 2014

AbstractHuman DNA topoisomerase IIα (htIIα) is a validated target for the development of anticancer agents. Based on structural data regarding the binding mode of AMP‐PNP (5′‐adenylyl‐β,γ‐imidodiphosphate) to htIIα, we designed a two‐stage virtual screening campaign that combines structure‐based pharmacophores and molecular docking. In the first stage, we identified several monosubstituted 9H‐purine compounds and a novel class of 1H‐pyrazolo[3,4]pyrimidines as inhibitors of htIIα. In the second stage, disubstituted analogues with improved cellular activities were discovered. Compounds from both classes were shown to inhibit htIIα‐mediated DNA decatenation, and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) experiments confirmed binding of these two compounds on the htIIα ATPase domain. Proposed complexes and interaction patterns between both compounds and htIIα were further analyzed in molecular dynamics simulations. Two compounds identified in the second stage showed promising anticancer activities in hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) and breast cancer (MCF‐7) cell lines. The discovered compounds are suitable starting points for further hit‐to‐lead development in anticancer drug discovery.
High‐Throughput Synthesis as a Technology Platform for Copolymer Libraries
Authors: Baudis Stefan , Lendlein Andreas , Behl Marc 
Published: December 2014

SummaryQuantitative structure‐property relationships are of utmost importance for the rational design of materials. A systematic variation of one structure parameter in a series of polymers requires a large number of syntheses. Here combinatorial techniques are the method of choice. In this study high‐throughput methods were applied for the synthesis and characterization of polymer libraries with stepwise changed composition to build up such material libraries. A high‐throughput workflow was established, in which 112 different copolymerizations were performed. The polymers were characterized by means of NMR and FTIR (composition), GPC (number average molecular weight, and DSC (glass transition temperature, Tg). The gradually changed composition of the copolymers with number average molecular weights of around 150 kg ∙ mol‐1 was confirmed and structure‐property relationships between composition and Tgs ranging between 102 and 126 °C were proposed, rendering the polymer libraries now as a technology platform for further studies.
Cannabinoid CB1 receptors activation and coactivation with D2 receptors modulate GABAergic neurotransmission in the globus pallidus and increase motor asymmetry
Authors: Muñoz‐Arenas Guadalupe , Paz‐Bermúdez Francisco , Báez‐Cordero Ana , Caballero‐Florán René , González‐Hernández Brenda , Florán Benjamín , Daniel Limón I. 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTThe cannabinoid CB1 (CB1R) and dopaminergic D2 (D2R) receptors modify GABAergic transmission in the globus pallidus. Although dopaminergic denervation produces changes in the expression and supersensitization of these receptors, the consequences of these changes on GABAergic neurotransmission are unknown. The aim of this study was to show the effects of CB1R and D2R activation and coactivation on the uptake and release of [3H]GABA in the globus pallidus of hemiparkinsonian rats as well as their effects on motor behavior. The activation of CB1R blocked GABA uptake and decreased GABA release in the globus pallidus in the dopamine denervated side, whereas the co‐activation of CB1R‐D2R increased GABA release and had no effect on GABA uptake. A microinjection of the CB1R agonist ACEA into the globus pallidus ipsilaterally to a 6‐OHDA lesion potentiated turning behavior that was induced by methamphetamine. However, a microinjection of the D2R agonist quinpirole did not modify this behavior, and a microinjection of a mixture of CB1R and D2R agonists significantly potentiated turning behavior. The behavioral effects produced after the activation of the CB1R and the co‐activation of CB1R and D2R can be explained by increased GABAergic neurotransmission produced by a block of GABA uptake and an increase in the release of GABA in the globus pallidus, respectively. Synapse 69:103–114, 2015.  © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Personalized Medicine Through SNP Testing for Breast Cancer Risk: Clinical Implementation
Authors: Howe Rebecca , Miron‐Shatz Talya , Hanoch Yaniv , Omer Zehra B. , O'Donoghue Cristina , Ozanne Elissa M. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractSingle nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have the potential to improve personalized medicine in breast cancer care. As new SNPs are discovered, further enhancing risk classification, SNP testing may serve to complement family history and phenotypic risk factors when assessed in a clinical setting. SNP analysis is particularly relevant to high‐risk women who may seek out such information to guide their decision‐making around risk‐reduction. However, little is known about how high‐risk women may respond to SNP testing with regard to clinical decision‐making. We examined high‐risk women's interest in SNP testing for breast cancer risk through an online survey of hypothetical testing scenarios. Women stated their preferences for sharing test results and selected the most likely follow‐up action they would pursue in each of the test result scenarios (above average and below average risk for breast cancer). Four hundred seventy‐eight women participated. Most women (89 %) did not know what a SNP was prior to the study. Once SNP testing was described, 75 % were interested in SNP testing. Participants stated an interest in lifestyle interventions for risk‐reduction and wanted to discuss their testing results with their doctor or a genetic counselor. Women are interested in SNP testing and are prepared to make lifestyle changes based on testing results. Women's preference for discussing testing results with a healthcare provider aligns with the current trend towards SNP testing in a clinical setting.
COCOMPACT LATTICES ON Ãn BUILDINGS
Authors: CAPDEBOSCQ INNA , RUMYNIN DMITRIY , THOMAS ANNE 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWe construct cocompact lattices Γ'0 < Γ0 in the group G = PGLd$({\mathbb{F}_q(\!(t)\!)\!})$ which are type-preserving and act transitively on the set of vertices of each type in the building Δ associated to G. These lattices are commensurable with the lattices of Cartwright–Steger Isr. J. Math.103 (1998), 125–140. The stabiliser of each vertex in Γ'0 is a Singer cycle and the stabiliser of each vertex in Γ0 is isomorphic to the normaliser of a Singer cycle in PGLd(q). We show that the intersections of Γ'0 and Γ0 with PSLd$({\mathbb{F}_q(\!(t)\!)\!})$ are lattices in PSLd$({\mathbb{F}_q(\!(t)\!)\!})$, and identify the pairs (d, q) such that the entire lattice Γ'0 or Γ0 is contained in PSLd$({\mathbb{F}_q(\!(t)\!)\!})$. Finally we discuss minimality of covolumes of cocompact lattices in SL3$({\mathbb{F}_q(\!(t)\!)\!})$. Our proofs combine the construction of Cartwright–Steger Isr. J. Math.103 (1998), 125–140 with results about Singer cycles and their normalisers, and geometric arguments.
Structural Equation Models for Studying Causal Phenotype Networks in Quantitative Genetics
Authors: Rosa Guilherme J. M. , Valente Bruno D. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractPhenotypic traits may exert causal effects between them. For example, high yield in agricultural species may increase the liability to certain diseases and, conversely, the incidence of a disease may affect yield negatively. Likewise, the transcriptome may be a function of the reproductive status or developmental stage in plants and animals, which may depend on other physiological variables as well. Knowledge of phenotype networks describing such interrelationships can be used to predict the behavior of complex systems, e.g., biological pathways underlying complex traits such as diseases, growth, and reproduction. This chapter reviews the application of structural equation models and related techniques to study causal relationships among phenotypic traits in quantitative genetics. It is discussed how genetic factors can confound the search for causal associations, as well as how pedigree and genomic information can be used to control for such confounding effects and to aid causal inference.
Food Security in Egypt
Authors: Bush Ray 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
This chapter focuses on food insecurity in Egypt beyond the preoccupation with macroeconomic policy’s role in facilitating food to meet local consumption needs. It discusses how agricultural reform since the mid-1980s shaped food insecurity, rural development and small farmers’ livelihoods. It examines agricultural modernisation, and how different strategies have been shaped not simply by government policy, but by patterns of capital accumulation in Egypt that have underpinned it. It explores the role farmers and the rural landless played in the context of the 25 January 2011 Egyptian uprising; and how rural social classes may play an important part in the continuing struggles for deeper democracy in contemporary Egypt. It argues that food security can only be understood by exploring how rural relations of production and reproduction are shaped by political and economic power and patterns of land ownership, and how Egypt’s agricultural sector is unevenly integrated into the world economy.
Prospects For Food Self-Sufficiency In Iran In 2025
Authors: Salami Habibollah , Mohtashami Toktam , Noori Naeini Mohamad Saeid 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Since the Islamic Revolution, Iran has sought food self-sufficiency as a major objective in its economic development. This chapter provides a review of the conditions for food self-sufficiency in Iran, examining the past trends of self-sufficiency, and attempting to provide some critical analysis for what the prospects of food self-sufficiency in 2025 look like for Iran. This study projects the demand and supply of major food commodities in Iran for the year 2025, and hence forecast both levels of national food self-sufficiency and food per capita consumption. These projections are based on a policy simulation model which is an integration of the multimarket partial equilibrium model, the Positive Mathematical Programming (PMP) model, and time series econometric models, and which includes equations of supply and demand, trade, price transmission and market equilibrium. The chapter concludes that Iran is close to agricultural commodity self-sufficiency based on domestic supply and demand for food.
Neither Security Nor Sovereignty the Political Economy of Food in Yemen
Authors: Mundy Martha , Al-Hakimi Amin , Pelat Frédéric 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Agriculture and livestock production remain central to the livelihood of the Yemeni people, yet the food crisis in Yemen is stark. This chapter sketches the wider political economy and the patterns of change in agricultural policy, food production and the physical environment, leading to the marginalisation and impoverishment of smallholding agriculturalists in the face of large-scale capitalist farming. Yemen is neither politically nor economically sovereign given its dependence on political rent, aid and imported food. Natural, social and economic causes intermesh: scarcity of water, erosion of land, subdivision of landholdings, high population growth and lack of finance have all increased the price of agricultural inputs and increased poverty. Institutional response has been inadequate, being hampered by poor agronomic institutional capacity, lack of agricultural research and guidance, absence of an effective agricultural policy, failure to register water and land ownership, and a severely limited statistical basis of information about the agricultural sector as a whole.
Urban Agriculture and Food Security in the Middle Eastern Context
Authors: Tawk Salwa Tohmé , Said Mounir Abi , Hamadeh Shadi 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Due to its heavy reliance on food imports, the Middle East and North Africa region (MENA) is considered to be one of the most food insecure regions in the world. Urban Agriculture (UA), a traditional practice in the MENA region, is an important source of income for many urban and peri-urban households. Studying the role of urban agriculture in the MENA region could provide a better understanding of its role in food security. The present study was conducted to investigate food security as related to peri-urban and urban agriculture in two peri-urban locations: Bebnine in Lebanon, where agriculture lacks support, and in Wadi el Seer in Jordan, where urban agriculture is being institutionalised. The findings indicate the prevalence of high food insecurity in both locations, demonstrating that producers are more food insecure than non-producers, and that food security is strongly associated with poverty and the number of household members.
The Nutrition Transition And Obesity In Qatar
Authors: ElObeid Tahra , Hassan Abdelmonem 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
This chapter analyses Qatar’s dramatic nutrition transition, which has led to an increase in the prevalence of obesity and non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among the different sectors of society. With Qatar’s economic boom, food imports increased and now account for more than 90 per cent of national food consumption. This dependence on imported food can be attributed both to the rising population due to immigration, and to the move from traditional diets to more Westernised meals. Unhealthy, high caloric fast-food is increasingly eaten, as urbanisation from a typically rural or nomadic lifestyle takes place. In order to address this public health crisis through focused policy efforts, ‘Qatar Vision 2030’ was developed as a national strategy for increasing public exercise and modifying diets.
Contribution of neovascularization and intraplaque haemorrhage to atherosclerotic plaque progression and instability
Authors: Chistiakov D. A. , Orekhov A. N. , Bobryshev Y. V. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAtherosclerosis is a continuous pathological process that starts early in life and progresses frequently to unstable plaques. Plaque rupture leads to deleterious consequences such as acute coronary syndrome, stroke and atherothrombosis. The vulnerable lesion has several structural and functional hallmarks that distinguish it from the stable plaque. The unstable plaque has large necrotic core (over 40% plaque volume) composed of cholesterol crystals, cholesterol esters, oxidized lipids, fibrin, erythrocytes and their remnants (haeme, iron, haemoglobin), and dying macrophages. The fibrous cap is thin, depleted of smooth muscle cells and collagen, and is infiltrated with proinflammatory cells. In unstable lesion, formation of neomicrovessels is increased. These neovessels have weak integrity and leak thereby leading to recurrent haemorrhages. Haemorrhages deliver erythrocytes to the necrotic core where they degrade promoting inflammation and oxidative stress. Inflammatory cells mostly presented by monocytes/macrophages, neutrophils and mast cells extravagate from bleeding neovessels and infiltrate adventitia where they support chronic inflammation. Plaque destabilization is an evolutionary process that could start at early atherosclerotic stages and whose progression is influenced by many factors including neovascularization, intraplaque haemorrhages, formation of cholesterol crystals, inflammation, oxidative stress and intraplaque protease activity.
Effect of dietary histidine on contents of carnosine and anserine in muscles of broilers
Authors: Kai Shinichi , Watanabe Genya , Kubota Masatoshi , Kadowaki Motoni , Fujimura Shinobu 
Published: December 2014

AbstractCarnosine (β‐alanyl‐L‐histidine) and anserine (β‐alanyl‐1‐methyl‐L‐histidine) are dipeptides mainly found in skeletal muscle and brain of many vertebrates, and particularly high concentrations are observed in chicken pectoral muscles. It was reported that these peptides have many functions, such as antioxidant activity. In this study, we examined the effect of different levels of dietary histidine on carnosine and anserine contents in broiler muscles. The 14‐days‐old female Chunky strain broilers were given feeds containing three different levels of histidine; 67% (Low‐His), 100% (Control) and 200% (High‐His) of histidine requirement according to the NRC (1994). Chicks were fed experimental diets for 10 days. Both dipeptides in muscle were significantly decreased. In particular, carnosine was not detected at all in the Low‐His group and was significantly increased in the High‐His group. Both dipeptides were not detected in plasma. These results indicated the possibility to produce chicken meat with enhanced amount of these dipeptides by high histidine feeding.
Feasibility and safety of parietal pleural cryobiopsy during semi‐rigid thoracoscopy
Authors: Rozman Aleš , Camlek Luka , Marc Malovrh Mateja , Kern Izidor , Schönfeld Nicolas 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackground and AimsPerforming pleural biopsies during semi‐rigid thoracoscopy is sometimes a difficult and time‐consuming task because of the lack of mechanical power of dedicated flexible forceps in patients with thickened pleura. The purpose of this first ever pilot study was to test the feasibility of taking biopsy specimens by cryoprobe from the parietal pleura during semi‐rigid thoracoscopy. Our aim was also to assess the diagnostic value and quality of specimens obtained, morphological features, feasibility of immunohistochemistry staining and possibility of DNA isolation. The secondary aim was to evaluate safety, tolerability and duration of the procedure.MethodsFifteen patients with pleural effusion of unknown origin that underwent semi‐rigid thoracoscopy were included. Biopsies were obtained using a flexible autoclavable cryoprobe 20416‐032 (Erbokryo CA, ERBE, Tübingen, Germany) 2.4 mm in diameter and a semi‐rigid autoclavable Olympus LTF‐160 (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan) thoracoscope.ResultsTissue samples were obtained from 14 patients (93.3%), three from each. Of the samples, 81% were easily interpretable and 19% were interpretable with some difficulty by the pathologist. The samples were of good quality, with the level of artifacts below 25%. The specimens were adequate for histological diagnosis, immunohistochemical staining and DNA isolation. There were no moderate or major bleeding problems after the biopsies; two patients experienced pain. The median duration of three cryobiopsies (per patient) was 4 min (range 3–6 min).ConclusionsCryobiopsy during semi‐rigid thoracoscopy appears worth to be evaluated in a larger prospective multicenter trial as our preliminary data were promising for efficacy and safety.
Gelastic seizures: Incidence, clinical andEEGfeatures in adult patients undergoing video‐EEGtelemetry
Authors: Kovac Stjepana , Diehl Beate , Wehner Tim , Fois Chiara , Toms Nathan , Walker Matthew C. , Duncan John S. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryThis study aimed to determine clinical features of adult patients with gelastic seizures recorded on video–electroencephalography (EEG)over a 5‐year period. We screened video‐EEGtelemetry reports for the occurrence of the term “gelastic” seizures, and assessed the semiology,EEGfeatures, and duration of those seizures. Gelastic seizures were identified in 19 (0.8%) of 2,446 admissions. The presumed epileptogenic zone was in the hypothalamus in one third of the cases, temporal lobe epilepsy was diagnosed in another third, and the remainder of the cases presenting with gelastic seizures were classified as frontal, parietal lobe epilepsy or remained undetermined or were multifocal. Gelastic seizures were embedded in a semiology, with part of the seizure showing features of automotor seizures. A small proportion of patients underwent epilepsy surgery. Outcome of epilepsy surgery was related to the underlying pathology; two patients with hippocampal sclerosis had good outcomes following temporal lobe resection and one of four patients with hypothalamic hamartomas undergoing gamma knife surgery had a good outcome.