bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consumer Movements, History of
Authors: Stole Inger L. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractOver the span of the twentieth century, there were four major consumer movements in the United States. Each of these organized efforts arose in response to economic, social, and political changes that affected citizens in their role as consumers, and each involved a range of strategies to alter asymmetries between producer and consumer and to pass legislative reforms for this purpose. The first such movement, which emerged in the early 1900s, during the Progressive era, called for changes to deplorable industry work and production practices through consumer protection laws. The second, which occurred in the 1930s, was a response to the proliferation of advertising after World War I, and was led by consumer advocates demanding informative advertising and quality standards for goods. The third movement arose in the 1960s and continued into the following decade, calling for regulatory reforms and stricter government oversight of corporate conduct. Consumers rallied yet again in the twentieth century, echoing a century of unresolved demands, but this time in a global context.
Outsourcing
Authors: Lair Craig D. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractOutsourcing traditionally refers to a process whereby an entity lifts an activity out from its organizational confines and transfers it to a source that is located in the market. This means that many entities are coming to “buy” much of what they used to “make.” While outsourcing is not new, it is becoming increasingly prevalent in many areas of life, particularly in the realms of business, government, and in individual and family life. There are many causes for this and a number of significant consequences have resulted from this development. Whether we view it as something that is good or bad, the fact remains that ours is increasingly an age of outsourcing.
Expression of FSHD‐related DUX4‐FL alters proteostasis and induces TDP‐43 aggregation
Authors: Homma Sachiko , Beermann Mary Lou , Boyce Frederick M. , Miller Jeffrey Boone 
Published: January 2015

AbstractObjectivePathogenesis in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) appears to be due to aberrant expression, particularly in skeletal muscle nuclei, of the full‐length isoform of DUX4 (DUX4‐FL). Expression of DUX4‐FL is known to alter gene expression and to be cytotoxic, but cell responses to DUX4‐FL are not fully understood. Our study was designed to identify cellular mechanisms of pathogenesis caused by DUX4‐FL expression.MethodsWe used human myogenic cell cultures to analyze the effects of DUX4‐FL when it was expressed either from its endogenous promoter in FSHD cells or by exogenous expression using BacMam vectors. We focused on determining the effects of DUX4‐FL on protein ubiquitination and turnover and on aggregation of TDP‐43.ResultsHuman FSHD myotubes with endogenous DUX4‐FL expression showed both altered nuclear and cytoplasmic distributions of ubiquitinated proteins and aggregation of TDP‐43 in DUX4‐FL‐expressing nuclei. Similar changes were found upon exogenous expression of DUX4‐FL, but were not seen upon expression of the non‐toxic short isoform DUX4‐S. DUX4‐FL expression also inhibited protein turnover in a model system and increased the amounts of insoluble ubiquitinated proteins and insoluble TDP‐43. Finally, inhibition of the ubiquitin–proteasome system with MG132 produced TDP‐43 aggregation similar to DUX4‐FL expression.InterpretationsOur results identify DUX4‐FL‐induced inhibition of protein turnover and aggregation of TDP‐43, which are pathological changes also found in diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and inclusion body myopathy, as potential pathological mechanisms in FSHD.
SOD1 silencing in motoneurons or glia rescues neuromuscular function in ALS mice
Authors: Dirren Elisabeth , Aebischer Julianne , Rochat Cylia , Towne Christopher , Schneider Bernard L. , Aebischer Patrick 
Published: January 2015

AbstractObjectiveAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis is an incurable disorder mainly characterized by motoneuron degeneration. Mutations in the superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) gene account for 20% of familial forms of the disease. Mutant SOD1 exerts multiple pathogenic effects through the gain of toxic properties in both neurons and glial cells. Here, we compare AAV‐based gene therapy suppressing expression of mutant SOD1 in either motoneurons or astrocytes.MethodsAAV vectors encoding microRNA against human SOD1 were administered to G93ASOD1 mice either by intracerebroventricular injections in pups or by lumbar intrathecal injections in adults. Vector systems were designed to suppress SOD1 expression predominantly in either spinal motoneurons or astrocytes. Electrophysiological and behavioral tests were performed on treated animals to evaluate disease progression.ResultsFollowing vector injection in G93ASOD1 pups, efficient silencing of SOD1 expression was achieved in motoneurons and/or astrocytes. Most complete protection of motor units was obtained when targeting human SOD1 predominantly in motoneurons. Suppressing SOD1 mainly in astrocytes led to preserved muscle innervation despite only partial protection of spinal motoneurons. In both cases, injection in pups led to full recovery of neuromuscular function and significantly prolonged survival. Vector injections in adult mice also achieved significant protection of neuromuscular function, which was highest when motoneurons were targeted.InterpretationThese results suggest that AAV‐mediated SOD1 silencing is an effective approach to prevent motoneuron degeneration caused by SOD1 mutation. AAV vectors suppressing SOD1 in motoneurons delay disease onset and show effective neuroprotection. On the other hand, AAV‐based SOD1 silencing in astrocytes rescues neuromuscular function following initial denervation.
Removal of Palladium from Cross‐Coupling Reactions Using Isocyanide Reagents
Authors: French Jonathan M. , Griffiths Justin R. , Diver Steven T. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIsocyanide reagents removed residual palladium from palladium‐catalyzed cross‐couplings, to sub‐ppm levels. The results were similar using either Pd(II) or Pd(0) precatalysts. Using the 3‐isocyanopropylated silica gel reagent 1, no chromatography or other treatments were required. The soluble isocyanide potassium isocyanoacetate (KO2CCH2NC) was also found to be highly effective when combined with silica gel chromatography.magnified image
Copper‐Catalyzed Oxidative Ring Closure of ortho‐Cyanoanilides with Hypervalent Iodonium Salts: Arylation–Ring Closure Approach to Iminobenzoxazines
Authors: Aradi Klára , Novák Zoltán 
Published: January 2015

AbstractA novel, highly modular synthetic methodology with high functional group tolerance was developed for the construction of iminobenzoxazine derivatives from ortho‐cyanoanilides and diaryliodonium triflates via an oxidative arylation–cyclization path. The reaction is supposed to involve the formation of highly active aryl‐copper(III) species. In this novel transformation, copper(II) triflate was used as catalyst in 1,2‐dichloroethane or ethyl acetate and the reaction takes place at 75 °C in 2–16 h.magnified image
Two Consecutive Palladium(II)‐Promoted CH Alkenylation Reactions for the Synthesis of 3‐Alkenylquinolones
Authors: Ortiz‐de‐Elguea Verónica , Sotomayor Nuria , Lete Esther 
Published: January 2015

AbstractHighly substituted quinolones are obtained through an efficient and atom economical procedure that involves two consecutive palladium(II)‐catalyzed CH alkenylation reactions. A selective 6‐endo intramolecular CH alkenylation leads to 4‐substituted quinolones that have been further functionalized at C‐3 through a second intermolecular CH alkenylation reaction.magnified image
Metal‐Free Photocatalytic Aerobic Oxidation of Thiols to Disulfides in Batch and Continuous‐Flow
Authors: Talla Ali , Driessen Brian , Straathof Natan J. W. , Milroy Lech‐Gustav , Brunsveld Luc , Hessel Volker , Noël Timothy 
Published: January 2015

AbstractDisulfides represent significant molecular and structural features in various biologically active compounds and fine chemicals. Therefore, the development of mild, efficient and sustainable methods to access disulfides is of great importance. Here, we describe the development of a mild metal‐free photocatalytic aerobic oxidation of thiols to disulfides using Eosin Y and visible‐light irradiation. A continuous flow procedure was developed to accelerate the photocatalytic process, enabling the preparation of disulfides with high purity in a timeframe of minutes. The mildness and applicability of our method was exemplified by the flow synthesis of the cyclic peptide hormone, oxytocin, requiring only a 200 s reaction time and an efficient one‐pot batch protocol for the preparation of the therapeutic thiuram disulfide, disulfiram.magnified image
Gender differences in occupational injury incidence
Authors: Berecki‐Gisolf Janneke , Smith Peter M. , Collie Alex , McClure Roderick J. 
Published: January 2015

ObjectivesTo describe the frequency and distribution of workplace injury claims by gender, and quantify the extent to which observed gender differences in injury claim rates are attributable to differential exposure to work‐related factors.MethodsWorkSafe Victoria (Australia) workers' compensation data (254,704 claims with affliction onset 2004–2011) were analysed. Claim rates were calculated by combining compensation data with state‐wide employment data.ResultsMental disorder claim rates were 1.9 times higher among women; physical injury claim rates were 1.4 times higher among men. Adjusting for occupational group reversed the gender difference in musculoskeletal and tendon injury claim rates, i.e., these were more common in women than men after adjusting for occupational exposure.ConclusionsMen had higher rates of physical injury claims than women, but this was mostly attributable to occupational factors. Women had higher rates of mental disorder claims than men; this was not fully explained by industry or occupation. Am. J. Ind. Med. 58:299–307, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Skinless Work Group: Facing the Uncertainty of “Resting on a Void”
Authors: Sanfuentes Matías 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis paper examines the conflicts and resistances that contemporary organizations face in the effort of generating new and challenging work opportunities. Assuming the metaphoric and real character of the ‘body of the organization’, different dilemmas that work groups tackle in the generation of collaborative and productive spaces are described. Based on a socioanalytic consultancy carried out with a group of Reichian body psychotherapists, the study illustrates the complexities to delineate a common strategy and to overcome the threatening porosity and inconsistencies of the ‘institutional skin’. The lack of a body support is particularly paradoxical for a group of psychotherapists that base their therapeutic method on body techniques, and which crystallizes as an institution the place of rejection and exclusion that Reich and the concern for the body have historically occupied. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fishers’ ecological knowledge of sawfishes in Lake Piso, Liberia
Authors: Leeney R.H. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract

A lack of recent data on the presence of sawfishes throughout West Africa inhibits the development of conservation strategies for these endangered elasmobranchs.
Short interviews were conducted with 32 fishermen around Lake Piso, Liberia, over three days to assess whether this region might still support a population of sawfishes.
Just over half of all interviewees recognized the image of a sawfish and had seen at least one in their lifetime.
No respondent claimed to have frequently caught or observed sawfishes in the past, and few fishermen appeared to know if sawfishes were even edible.
Seven fishermen stated that they had seen or caught a sawfish within the last five years.
The cultural importance attributed to sawfishes in other parts of West Africa was not apparent among the interviewees.
These findings suggest that if sawfishes are still present in Lake Piso, they are rare and local ecological knowledge of these fishes is declining.
Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sawfishes in The Gambia and Senegal – shifting baselines over 40 years
Authors: Leeney Ruth H. , Downing Nigel 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT

Historical and current information on sawfish distribution and abundance in African waters is limited, yet such information is essential in order to effect conservation strategies for this group of critically endangered elasmobranchs.
During a study of sawfishes in the Gambia River in 1974 and 1975 fishermen were interviewed and sawfishes and rostra were collected in order to assess the species and size classes present and the spatial distribution of sawfishes.
Largetooth sawfish (Pristis pristis) were common in the Gambia River during this period and could be found several hundred kilometres upriver, extending into Senegal.
Interviews conducted with fishermen in 2014 at key fish landings sites along the Gambian coast and upriver suggest that sawfish are now rarely encountered, although a small number of fishermen stated that they had caught a sawfish within the last 5 years.
The use of nets was perceived to be the main cause of sawfish decline. There was little mention of any cultural importance of sawfish, which were considered useful primarily as a source of food.
Sawfish declines are resulting in a shifting baseline syndrome, whereby local knowledge of sawfish ecology and cultural importance is being lost in the West Africa region.
These data demonstrate for the first time that the Gambia River was historically a key habitat for freshwater sawfish and as such, should be considered in any future conservation actions for sawfishes in the West Africa region.
Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adaptive Iterative Learning Control Based High Speed Train Operation Tracking Under Iteration‐Varying Parameter and Measurement Noise
Authors: Li Zhenxuan , Hou Zhongsheng 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe iterative learning control (ILC)‐based automatic train operation is proposed to address a high speed train (HST) tracking problem with consideration of the iteration‐varying operation condition. The iteration‐varying operation condition considered in this paper is the air resistance coefficient of an HST, which may be completely different at two consecutive operation processes due to different weather conditions. In addition, to alleviate the effect of measurement noise, the proposed method is modified further. The effectiveness of these two proposed methods are verified by theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.
Computer architecture and FPGAs: A learning‐by‐doing methodology for digital‐native students
Authors: Cifredo‐Chacón Mª De Los Ángeles , Quirós‐Olozábal Ángel , Guerrero‐Rodríguez José María 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTThe theoretical teaching of Computer Architecture is not suitable longer. In the present time, students claim for a learning‐by‐doing according to their dynamic and active character. Nowadays, interactive teaching is possible thanks to the decrease in the prices of the Field Programmable Gate Arrays. This paper proposes a learning‐by‐doing methodology to teach Computer Architecture to first‐year student who belong to a digital‐native generation. The method consists in developing a whole computer from scratch while they are introduced to hardware description languages (HDL) and programmable logic devices. Firstly, students design each and every element of the computer by VHDL language. Later on, they interconnect the verified elements and test the complete computer. A FPGA‐based board is needed to implement and check the correct performance of the designed computer. This educational approach is intended to be used with first‐year students from Computer Engineering Degree, thus, it is the first experience of the students with the basics of Computer Architecture. Students have a computer and a FPGA‐based board in anytime. In the final exam, a design of a different computer is propounded. Computer testing and programming is a requirement to pass. The high percentage of passed students corroborated the success of the methodology. Thus, computer functioning and construction is understood by a hands‐on methodology at the same time as VHDL language and FPGA technology are introduced. Lack attention is avoided since students keep a dynamic role working with their personal computer and FPGA at all times. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 23:464–470, 2015; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21617
Sense of Community, Social Identity and Social Support Among Players of Massively Multiplayer Online Games (MMOGs): A Qualitative Analysis
Authors: O'Connor Erin L. , Longman Huon , White Katherine M. , Obst Patricia L. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTThe majority of research examining massively multiplayer online game (MMOG)‐based social relationships has used quantitative methodologies. The present study used qualitative semi‐structured interviews with 22 Australian World of Warcraft (WoW) players to examine their experiences of MMOG‐based social relationships. Interview transcripts underwent thematic analysis and revealed that participants reported experiencing an MMOG‐based sense of community (a sense of belonging within the gaming or WoW community), discussed a number of different MMOG‐based social identities (such as gamer, WoW player and guild or group member) and stated that they derived social support (a perception that one is cared for and may access resources from others within a group) from their relationships with other players. The findings of this study confirm that MMOG players can form gaming communities. Almost all participants accessed or provided in‐game social support, and some gave or received broader emotional support. Players also identified as gamers and guild members. Fewer participants identified as WoW players. Findings indicated that changes to the game environment influence these relationships and further exploration of players' experiences could determine the optimal game features to enhance positive connections with fellow players. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Facile Synthesis of Zn0.5Cd0.5S Ultrathin Nanorods on Reduced Graphene Oxide for Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution under Visible Light
Authors: Shen Shuling , Ma Anping , Tang Zhihong , Han Zhuo , Wang Mingjie , Wang Zhao , Zhi Linjie , Yang Junhe 
Published: January 2015

AbstractA new contact model between ZnxCd1−xS nanorods and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) was obtained by rational formation of ultrathin Zn0.5Cd0.5S (ZCS) nanorods on RGO through a facile oleylamine–DMSO mediated synthesis approach. The 1 D/2 D model of ZCS/RGO provides a strong contact line‐to‐line interface, which is not only conducive for the fast collection and transfer of photogenerated electrons but also stabilizes the ultrathin nanorod structure of ZCS. The photocatalytic test results indicated that the ZCS/RGO nanocomposites exhibit significantly enhanced photocatalytic H2 evolution rate and cycling stability under visible light compared with free ZCS and the physical mixture of ZCS and RGO.
Magnetic Anisotropy in “Scorpionate” First‐Row Transition‐Metal Complexes: A Theoretical Investigation
Authors: Perić Marko , García‐Fuente Amador , Zlatar Matija , Daul Claude , Stepanović Stepan , García‐Fernández Pablo , Gruden‐Pavlović Maja 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIn this work we have analyzed in detail the magnetic anisotropy in a series of hydrotris(pyrazolyl)borate (Tp−) metal complexes, namely [VTpCl]+, [CrTpCl]+, [MnTpCl]+, [FeTpCl], [CoTpCl], and [NiTpCl], and their substituted methyl and tert‐butyl analogues with the goal of observing the effect of the ligand field on the magnetic properties. In the [VTpCl]+, [CrTpCl]+, [CoTpCl], and [NiTpCl] complexes, the magnetic anisotropy arises as a consequence of out‐of‐state spin–orbit coupling, and covalent changes induced by the substitution of hydrogen atoms on the pyrazolyl rings does not lead to drastic changes in the magnetic anisotropy. On the other hand, much larger magnetic anisotropies were predicted in complexes displaying a degenerate ground state, namely [MnTpCl]+ and [FeTpCl], due to in‐state spin–orbit coupling. The anisotropy in these systems was shown to be very sensitive to perturbations, for example, chemical substitution and distortions due to the Jahn–Teller effect. We found that by substituting the hydrogen atoms in [MnTpCl]+ and [FeTpCl] by methyl and tert‐butyl groups, certain covalent contributions to the magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE) could be controlled, thereby achieving higher values. Moreover, we showed that the selection of ion has important consequences for the symmetry of the ground spin–orbit term, opening the possibility of achieving zero magnetic tunneling even in non‐Kramers ions. We have also shown that substitution may also contribute to a quenching of the Jahn–Teller effect, which could significantly reduce the magnetic anisotropy of the complexes studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Group (III) Nitrides M[Mg2Al2N4] (M: Ca, Sr, Ba, Eu) and Ba[Mg2Ga2N4]—Structural Relation and Nontypical Luminescence Properties of Eu2+ Doped Samples.
Authors: Pust Philipp , Hintze Frauke , Hecht Cora , Weiler Volker , Locher Andreas , Zitnanska Daniela , Harm Sascha , Wiechert Detlef , Schmidt Peter J. , Schnick Wolfgang 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe new compounds (V), (VIII), and (X) are characterized by powder and single crystal XRD, SEM, UV/VIS spectroscopy, and luminescence spectroscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: On the Preparation and Structure of Caesium Aluminium Tetrahydride.
Authors: Krech Daniel , Zibrowius Bodo , Weidenthaler Claudia , Felderhoff Michael 
Published: January 2015

AbstractCsAlH4 is synthesized by ball‐milling of stoichiometric mixtures of NaAlH4 and CsCl followed by dissolution of the obtained material in diglyme and subsequent precipitation with toluene or pentane.
ChemInform Abstract: Polymorphism in Bi2(SO4)3.
Authors: Subban Chinmayee V. , Rousse Gwenaelle , Courty Matthieu , Barboux Philippe , Tarascon Jean‐Marie 
Published: January 2015

AbstractA new polymorph of Bi2(SO4)3 is prepared by reacting LiBiO2 with concentrated H2SO4.
ChemInform Abstract: On a New FeOF Polymorph: Synthesis and Stability.
Authors: Tobias Gerard , Armand Michel , Rousse Gwenaelle , Tarascon Jean‐Marie , Canadell Enric , Palacin M. Rosa , Recham Nadir 
Published: January 2015

AbstractLayered FeOF is prepared by a two‐step process including the preparation of a FeOCl precursor by heating of an equimolar mixture of FeCl3 and Fe2O3 (evacuated quartz tube, 350 °C, 2 d) followed by anion exchange using anhydrous DMF as the solvent and Me4NF as the fluorine source in the presence of a 2,6,7‐trioxa‐1‐borabicyclo[2.2.2]octan derivative.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkali Metals Extraction Reactions with the Silicides Li15Si4 and Li3NaSi6: Amorphous Si versus allo‐Si.
Authors: Zeilinger Michael , Jantke Laura‐Alice , Scherf Lavinia M. , Kiefer Florian J. , Neubueser Gero , Kienle Lorenz , Karttunen Antti J. , Konar Sumit , Haeussermann Ulrich , Faessler Thomas F. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAlkali metal extraction reactions with Li15Si4 (liq.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure of (NH4)2 [FeII5(HPO3)6], a New Open‐Framework Phosphite.
Authors: Berrocal Teresa , Mesa Jose Luis , Larrea Edurne , Arrieta Juan Manuel 
Published: January 2015

AbstractTwinned crystals of (NH4)2[Fe5(HPO3)6] are prepared under mild hydrothermal conditions from H3PO4, NH4OH, and FeCl3 (autoclave, 343 K, autogeneous pressure of 10‐20 bar, 5 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure of Bis(dimethylammonium) Hexaaquanickel(II) Bis(sulfate) Dihydrate.
Authors: Held Peter 
Published: January 2015

AbstractLarge (Me2NH2)2 [Ni(H2O)6] (SO4)2·2H2O single crystals (up to 4 mm crystal size) are grown from an aqueous solution of NiSO4, Me2NH, and H2SO4 (1:2:1) by slow solvent evaporation (room temp., 12 weeks).