bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Place and Space in the Song of Songs
Authors: Hagedorn Anselm C. 
Published: July 2015

The article investigates the role of space in the Song of Songs. Taking recent theoretical insights into spatiality (M. Foucault, E. Soja, H. Lefebvre) as a starting point for an exegesis of selected passages from Song of Songs (Cant 4,12–5,1; 6,2 f.) it is argued that by using the imagery of the garden and the vineyard, Song of Songs creates spaces that are in between the enclosed world of city and house and the wide-open countryside. Since the protagonists of the Song of Songs move and operate in all of these three spaces, binary opposites are only of a limited usefulness when explaining the structure of social and spatial relationships in the Song. The creation of alternative spaces beyond the public and private or town and countryside dichotomy enables the man and the woman of Song of Songs to contest and re-negotiate boundaries and cultural identity. In a further interpretative step the imagery of garden and vineyard is supplemented by comparative material from the Greek world.Der Beitrag untersucht die Funktion des Raumes im Hohelied. Ausgangspunkt sind raumtheoretische Überlegungen (M. Foucault, E. Soja, H. Lefebvre), die zur Exegese ausgewählter Passagen des Hoheliedes (Cant 4,12–5,1; 6,2 f.) herangezogen werden. So ist es möglich zu zeigen, dass das Hohelied den Garten und den Weinberg benutzt, um Räume zu schaffen, die zwischen der abgeschlossenen Welt der Stadt und der offenen, der freien Natur liegen. Da die Protagonisten sich in allen drei Räumen bewegen, sind binäre Interpretationsmodelle der Struktur der sozialen und räumlichen Beziehungen nur bedingt hilfreich. Indem sog. Zwischenräume geschaffen werden, können der Mann und die Frau im Hohelied die Grenzen der eigenen kulturellen Identität verschieben. Im Rahmen eines kulturellen Vergleichs werden die Bilder und Konzeptionen mit vergleichbarem Material aus dem griechischsprachigen Raum ergänzt.Cet article est une enquête sur la fonction de l’espace dans le Cantique des Cantiques. En partant des éléments théoriques sur la spatialité (M. Foucault, E. Soja, H. Lefebvre), l’exégèse de certains passages choisis (Ca 4,12–5,1; 6,2 f.) montrera qu’en utilisant l’imagerie du jardin et de la vigne, le Cantique des Cantiques crée des espaces, qui se situent entre le monde clos des villes ou des maisons et la campagne vaste et ouverte. Comme les protagonistes du Cantique des Cantiques se déplacent entre ces trois espaces, les oppositions binaires ne sont pas très utiles quand il faut expliquer la structure sociale et spatiale dans le Cantique. La création d’espaces alternatifs, au-delà de la dichotomie du publique et du privé ou de la ville et de la campagne, permet à la femme et à l’homme du Cantique des Cantiques de contester et de renégocier les frontières et l’identité culturelle. Dans un effort d’interprétation supplémentaire, l’imagerie du jardin et de la vigne est complétée avec du matériel comparatif tiré du monde grec.
Theologische Wahrnehmung von Fremdheit. Das griechische Numeribuch als Dokument der alexandrinischen Diaspora
Authors: Ziegert Carsten 
Published: July 2015

Presuming that theological tendencies of the Septuagint translators can be assessed, this paper seeks to evaluate the Greek book of Numbers by means of a methodology deliberately taken from translation studies (skopos theory). In the Greek book of Numbers, the concept of foreignness is expressed in two antithetical ways, namely, as suffered foreignness and as cultivated foreignness. In terms of language, this polarity shows in the concurrent avoidance and utilization of hebraisms. In terms of content, it shows in the concurrent tendencies of actualization and historization of the text. These tendencies strongly resemble the concerns for acculturation and isolation in the Letter of Aristeas and supposedly constitute a feature of the Alexandrian diaspora in general.Supposant que l’on puisse déterminer des tendences théologiques des traducteurs de la Septante, l’auteur examine la version grecque du livre des Nombres par une méthode traductologique (»Skopostheorie«). Dans la version grecque des Nombres, l’idée d’être étranger est présentée de deux façons contraires. Il s’agit, d’une part, d’un état dont on souffre et, d’autre part, d’un état qu’on apprécie. D’un point de vue linguistique, cela se montre dans la façon dont des hébraïsmes sont parfois utilisés, parfois évités dans le texte. D’un point de vue de contenu, on observe les tendences contraires de rapprocher le texte à l’époque actuelle et du renvoi à son contexte historique. Ces tendences correspondent à celles de l’acculturation et de la ségrégation qu’on retrouve dans la Lettre d’Aristée. On peut les interpréter comme traits caractéristiques de la diaspora juive d’Alexandrie.Unter der Voraussetzung, dass sich theologische Tendenzen der Septuaginta-Übersetzer ermitteln lassen, wird das griechische Numeribuch mit einer dezidiert übersetzungswissenschaftlichen Methodik (Skopostheorie) untersucht. Dabei zeigt sich, dass das Konzept der Fremdheit im griechischen Numeribuch auf zwei gegensätzliche Arten Ausdruck fand, und zwar einerseits als erlittene, andererseits als gewürdigte Fremdheit. Das wird sprachlich in dem Gegensatz zwischen der Vermeidung und der Verwendung von Hebraismen deutlich, inhaltlich in den Tendenzen der Aktualisierung und der Historisierung. Diese Tendenzen, die im Aristeasbrief als Anliegen der Akkulturation und der Absonderung begegnen, lassen sich als generelle Kennzeichen der alexandrinischen Diaspora vermuten.
How Kittim became ›Rome‹: Dan 11,30 and the Importance of Cyprus in the Sixth Syrian War
Authors: Scolnic Benjamin , Davis Thomas 
Published: July 2015

Das WortEn Dn 11,30, Kittim signifie Chypre et non »Rome« ou »Romains« comme certaines anciennes interprétations et beaucoup de commentateurs modernes l’ont compris. Dn 11,30 est un témoignage historique précieux sur l’importance du rôle de Chypre dans la sixième guerre syrienne. Les liens qu’a ce verset aux actions romaines en 168 av. J.-C. ont permis à des interprètes plus tardifs de trouver la réalité historique de leur temps dans les prophéties anciennes.
Jehoiakim and the Scribes: A Note on Jer 36,23
Authors: Leuchter Mark 
Published: July 2015

Zwar wurde schon lange erkannt, dass Jojakims Vernichtung der prophetischen Spruchrolle Jeremias (Jer 36,23) eine Ablehnung des Prophetenwortes darstellt, die Frage aber, warum der König die Rolle zunächst in Stücke schneidet, bevor er sie den Flammen preisgibt, hat noch nicht das angebrachte Maß an Aufmerksamkeit erfahren. Die vorliegende Studie stellt heraus, dass dieses sonst wenig beachtete Detail mit der Konzeption zusammenhängt, bei der Verschriftlichung eines Prophetenwortes handle es sich um eine Art Ersatzhandlung für Prophetie oder gar um eine Form von Prophetie an sich. Nach vergleichender Berücksichtigung von antiken Traditionen, die eine solche Verschriftlichung als Träger von Offenbarung darstellen, wird Jojakims Handeln erklärbar: In der vorliegenden Darstellung macht der König den Akt der Verschriftlichung ungeschehen, dessen Offenbarungscharakter demjenigen der ursprünglichen Worte des Prophetenspruches an Autorität gleichkommt.While scholars have long recognized that Jehoiakim’s destruction of Jeremiah’s oracle-croll (Jer 36,23) constitutes a repudiation of the prophetic word, the question of why the king first slices the scroll into pieces before consigning it to the fire has not received adequate attention. The present study suggests that this otherwise extraneous detail relates to the role of scribal redaction as a surrogate for – and even a form of – prophecy. After a consideration of comparative ancient traditions that present scribal redaction as a vehicle for revelation, Jehoiakim’s actions become clear: the king is presented as »undoing« the act of redaction, which carried revelatory power equal in force to the words of the prophet’s original oracles.Alors que les chercheurs ont depuis longtemps reconnu que la destruction du rouleau d’oracles de Jérémie par Yoyaqim (Jer 36,23) démontre le rejet de la parole prophétique, la question de savoir pourquoi le roi découpe d’abord le rouleau en pièces avant de jeter les morceaux au feu n’a pas encore reçu de réponse adéquate. Cet article tente de démontrer que ce détail insolite se comprend par rapport au rôle qu’occupait l’activité du scribe comme substitut, voire même comme une forme de prophétie. Après avoir comparé ce texte avec des anciennes traditions similaires, qui présentent l’activité du scribe comme une voie de la révélation, l’action de Yoyaqim devient claire : le roi est présenté comme »défaisant« l’acte de la rédaction, qui comportait un pouvoir de révélation similaire au pouvoir des mots du prophète dans les oracles originels.
Inter-Regional Differences in Teachers’ Wage Before and After Issuing Decrees on Teachers’ Pay Raise
Authors: Rodina Natalya 
Published: July 2015

An overview of literary sources is used to determine factors that account for differences in the role pay raises play for teachers in different regions. These factors include: regional economic structure; stage of economic development (growth or decline); share of public sector industries in regional economics; specific territorial characteristics resulting in discrepancy between average monthly wages and the real standards of living in regions. The paper has revealed a change to teachers’ pay at different educational levels in regions of Russia between 2011 and the first half of 2013. The level of teachers’ pay shows a trend towards reducing inequalities and polarization in distribution of regions by personal income. At the same time, purchasing power of teachers’ wage is growing more and more heterogeneous across the federal subjects of the Russian Federation. As compared to 2011–2012, when purchasing power of teachers’ wage was at the same level in more than 50% of regions, the first months of 2013 witnessed an increase in the number of levels, as well as in that of regions at different levels. Teachers’ wage varies significantly by its purchasing power across federal subjects that have achieved or almost achieved their teachers’ pay goals. The author proves the need for specific research to discover the role (including psychological one) teachers’ pay raise plays broken down by the subjects of the Russian Federation.
Appraisal of Test Location and Variety Performance for the Selection of Tuber Yield in a Potato Breeding Program
Authors: Paget M. F. , Apiolaza L. A. , Anderson J. A. D. , Genet R. A. , Alspach P. A. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTDifferences in trait responses of genotypes across environments, or genotype × environment interactions (G × E), hinder the progress of genetic improvement. Characterization of these effects helps to determine breeding strategies and improve resource allocation in a cultivar development program. This study used historical multienvironment trial (MET) data (34 trials in five locations) for the analysis of marketable yield of advanced selections in a New Zealand potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) breeding program. A factor analytic (FA) model was used for the analysis of these MET data. Contrasts based on the environmental loadings were observed between the program's main trial locations in the North Island (Pukekohe) and the South Island (Lincoln), indicating that these locations optimized differentiation between genotypes in terms of G × E effects. Genetic correlation estimates between trial environments were mostly moderately high (>0.5) to high (>0.8) and ranged from zero to positive with a maximum coefficient of 0.97, suggesting that quantitative (rescaling) rather than qualitative (crossover) G × E effects were of greater importance. A number of newly developed varieties were shown to have higher genetic yield potential than older and established commercial cultivars but did not necessarily show better yield stability over the locations tested.
Characterizing a Miscanthus Germplasm Collection for Yield, Yield Components, and Genotype × Environment Interactions
Authors: Kaiser Christopher M. , Clark Lindsay V. , Juvik John A. , Voigt Thomas B. , Sacks Erik J. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTMiscanthus is among the best biomass crops for temperate environments but current production is almost entirely associated with a single sterile clone of Miscanthus × giganteus J.M.Greef, Deuter ex Hodk., Renvoize. To create additional and improved cultivars, characterization of available germplasm is needed for biomass traits and genotype × environment (G × E) interactions. Additionally, there has been little guidance on how to best allocate experimental units in Miscanthus breeding trials. The purpose of this study was to quantify genetic diversity for biomass yield in a Miscanthus germplasm collection of 98 accessions that represent publicly available materials in North America, determine the predictive value of three putative yield component traits for estimating yield, and quantify the relative importance of G × E and error variances for estimating genotypic values. We observed large and significant differences among genotypes for all traits. Indirect selection for yield based on the tested yield‐component traits alone would be too inefficient to be advisable. Estimates of G × E interactions and repeatabilities indicated that selection efficiency would benefit more from increased sampling of locations rather than years and that effective selection of Miscanthus for yield could be accomplished in Year 2 rather than Year 3 for environments similar to central and southern Illinois. Minimizing the number of years per selection cycle will be critical for maximizing genetic gain per unit of time.
Variation among Cowpea Genotypes in Sensitivity of Transpiration Rate and Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation to Soil Drying
Authors: Sinclair Thomas R. , Manandhar Anju , Belko Nouhoun , Riar Mandeep , Vadez Vincent , Roberts Philip A. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTCowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) is often considered a crop species appropriate for drier environments. However, little or no information exists on two key physiological traits for drought conditions: early decrease in transpiration rate in the soil drying cycle and sustained N fixation activity under low soil‐water conditions. In this study, the responses of these two traits to soil drying were compared among 10 genotypes. The fraction of transpirable soil water at which transpiration rate began to decline varied from 0.59 to 0.24. The genotypes with the higher thresholds for the transpiration decrease offer a conservative water use strategy during soil drying and, hence, may be especially appropriate for very dry areas. The fraction of transpirable soil water at which N fixation rate began to decline ranged from 0.33 in one line to another line in which there was no decline in N fixation rate. Five lines had especially low thresholds for the decline in N fixation rate, which would be highly desirable in arid areas. In fact, N fixation tolerance to drought in these five lines is superior to any responses observed in other grain legumes. There was no correlation between the thresholds for decline in transpiration and N fixation.
Prevalence and “Red Flags” Regarding Specified Causes of Back Pain in Older Adults Presenting in General Practice
Authors: Enthoven Wendy T.M. , Geuze Judith , Scheele Jantine , Bierma-Zeinstra Sita M.A. , Bueving Herman J. , Bohnen Arthur M. , Peul Wilco C. , van Tulder Maurits W. , Berger Marjolein Y. , Koes Bart W. , Luijsterburg Pim A.J. 
Published: July 2015

Background
In a small proportion of patients experiencing unspecified back pain, a specified underlying pathology is present.

Objective
The purposes of this study were: (1) to identify the prevalence of physician-specified causes of back pain and (2) to assess associations between “red flags” and vertebral fractures, as diagnosed by the patients' general practitioner (GP), in older adults with back pain.

Methods
The Back Complaints in the Elders (BACE) study is a prospective cohort study. Patients (aged &gt;55 years) with back pain were included when consulting their GP. A questionnaire was administered and a physical examination and heel bone densitometry were performed, and the results determined back pain and patient characteristics, including red flags. Participants received a radiograph, and reports were sent to their GP. The final diagnoses established at 1 year were collected from the GP's patient registry.

Results
Of the 669 participants included, 6% were diagnosed with a serious underlying pathology during the 1-year follow-up. Most of these participants (n=33, 5%) were diagnosed with a vertebral fracture. Multivariable regression analysis showed that age of ≥75 years, trauma, osteoporosis, a back pain intensity score of ≥7, and thoracic pain were associated with a higher chance of getting the diagnosis of a vertebral fracture. Of these variables, trauma showed the highest positive predictive value for vertebral fracture of 0.25 (95% confidence interval=0.09, 0.41) and a positive likelihood ratio of 6.2 (95% confidence interval=2.8, 13.5). A diagnostic prediction model including the 5 red flags did not increase these values.

Limitations
Low prevalence of vertebral fractures could have led to findings by chance.

Conclusions
In these older adults with back pain presenting in general practice, 6% were diagnosed with serious pathology, mainly a vertebral fracture (5%). Four red flags were associated with the presence of vertebral fracture.
Degree of distal trigeminal nerve atrophy predicts outcome after microvascular decompression for Type 1a trigeminal neuralgia
Authors: Duan Yifei , Sweet Jennifer , Munyon Charles , Miller Jonathan 
Published: July 2015

OBJECT
Trigeminal neuralgia is often associated with nerve atrophy, in addition to vascular compression. The authors evaluated whether cross-sectional areas of different portions of the trigeminal nerve on preoperative imaging could be used to predict outcome after microvascular decompression (MVD).

METHODS
A total of 26 consecutive patients with unilateral Type 1a trigeminal neuralgia underwent high-resolution fast-field echo MRI of the cerebellopontine angle followed by MVD. Preoperative images were reconstructed and reviewed by 2 examiners blinded to the side of symptoms and clinical outcome. For each nerve, a computerized automatic segmentation algorithm was used to calculate the coronal cross-sectional area at the proximal nerve near the root entry zone and the distal nerve at the exit from the porus trigeminus. Findings were correlated with outcome at 12 months.

RESULTS
After MVD, 17 patients were pain free and not taking medications compared with 9 with residual pain. Across all cases, the coronal cross-sectional area of the symptomatic trigeminal nerve was significantly smaller than the asymptomatic side in the proximal part of the nerve, which was correlated with degree of compression at surgery. Atrophy of the distal trigeminal nerve was more pronounced in patients who had residual pain than in those with excellent outcome. Among the 7 patients who had greater than 20% loss of nerve volume in the distal nerve, only 2 were pain free and not taking medications at long-term follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS
Trigeminal neuralgia is associated with atrophy of the root entry zone of the affected nerve compared with the asymptomatic side, but volume loss in different segments of the nerve has very different prognostic implications. Proximal atrophy is associated with vascular compression and correlates with improved outcome following MVD. However, distal atrophy is associated with a significantly worse outcome after MVD.
In vitro and in vivo effect of human lactoferrin on glioblastoma growth
Authors: Arcella Antonietta , Oliva Maria Antonietta , Staffieri Sabrina , Aalberti Silvia , Grillea Giovanni , Madonna Michele , Bartolo Marcello , Pavone Luigi , Giangaspero Felice , Cantore Giampaolo , Frati Alessandro 
Published: July 2015

OBJECT
Human lactoferrin (HLF) is a natural protein with antitumor activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of HLF alone and in combination with temozolomide (TMZ), a conventional chemotherapeutic, on human glioblastoma (GBM) cells.

METHODS
The authors cultured fresh human primary cell lines NMD and FN and the continuous cell line U87MG to evaluate proliferation in the presence of HLF alone at different doses (1, 10, and 100 mg/ml, and 1 mg/ml) and in combination with TMZ. In in vivo experiments they assessed tumor size reduction in CD1 nude mice carrying an orthotopic GBM xenograft and orally treated with HLF.

RESULTS
Lactoferrin causes growth inhibition in the NMD and FN primary cell lines and in the U87MG continuous cell line. This inhibition seemed to be modulated by the downregulation of cyclin D1 and D4. Western blot and fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis showed inhibition of the cell cycle in G0/G1 and G2 phases. When administered in nude mice, HLF (60 mg/kg/day) decreased tumor size about 30%, as shown in both histological analyses and high-field brain MRI. Administration of HLF with TMZ enhanced the effect of chemotherapy both in vitro and in vivo.

CONCLUSIONS
This study demonstrated that HLF can inhibit GBM cell growth, suggesting that this nontoxic substance may have a role in potentiating the effect of current TMZ treatment of GBM.
Analysis of progression of cervical OPLL using computerized tomography: typical sign of maturation of OPLL mass
Authors: Choi Byung-Wan , Baek Dong-Hoon , Sheffler Lindsey C. , Chang Han 
Published: July 2015

OBJECT
The progression of cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) can lead to increase in the size of the OPLL mass and aggravation of neurological symptoms. In the present study, the authors aimed to analyze the progression of cervical OPLL by using CT imaging, elucidate the morphology of OPLL masses, and evaluate the factors associated with the progression of cervical OPLL.

METHODS
Sixty patients with cervical OPLL were included. All underwent an initial CT examination and had at least 24 months’ follow-up with CT. The mean duration of follow-up was 29.6 months. Fourteen patients (Group A) had CT evidence of OPLL progression, and 46 (Group B) did not show evidence of progression on CT. The 2 groups were compared with respect to the following variables: sex, age, number of involved segments, type of OPLL, and treatment methods. The CT findings, such as the connection of an OPLL mass with the vertebral body and formation of trabeculation in the mass, were evaluated.

RESULTS
Sex and treatment modality were not associated with OPLL progression. The mean age of the patients in Group A was significantly lower than that in Group B (p = 0.03). The mean number of involved segments was 5.3 in Group A and 3.6 in Group B (p = 0.002). Group A had a higher proportion of cases with the mixed type of OPLL, whereas Group B had a higher proportion of cases with the segmental type (p = 0.02). A connection between the vertebral body and OPLL mass and trabeculation formation were more common in Group B (p < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS
Progression of cervical OPLL is associated with younger age, involvement of multiple levels, and mixed-type morphology. OPLL masses that are contiguous with the vertebral body and have trabecular formation are useful findings for identifying masses that are less likely to progress.