bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Observed and Modeled Warm Rainfall Occurrence and Its Relationships with Cloud Macrophysical Properties
Authors: King Joshua M. , Kummerow Christian D. , van den Heever Susan C. , Igel Matthew R. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Observed and modeled rainfall occurrence from shallow (warm) maritime clouds and their composite statistical relationships with cloud macrophysical properties are analyzed and directly compared. Rain falls from ~25% of warm, single-layered, maritime clouds observed by CloudSat and from ~27% of the analogous warm clouds simulated within a large-domain, fine-resolution radiative–convective equilibrium experiment performed using the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS), with its sophisticated bin-emulating bulk microphysical scheme. While the fractional occurrence of observed and simulated warm rainfall is found to increase with both increasing column-integrated liquid water and cloud depth, calculations of rainfall occurrence as a joint function of these two macrophysical quantities suggest that the modeled bulk cloud-to-rainwater conversion process is more efficient than observations indicate—in agreement with previous research. Unexpectedly and in opposition to the model-derived relationship, deeper CloudSat-observed warm clouds with little column water mass are more likely to rain than their corresponding shallow counterparts, despite having lower cloud-mean water contents. Given that these composite relationships were derived from statically identified warm clouds, an attempt is made to quantitatively explore rainfall occurrence within the context of the warm cloud life cycle. Extending a previously established cloud-top buoyancy analysis technique, it is shown that rainfall likelihoods from positively buoyant RAMS-simulated clouds more closely resemble the surprising observed relationships than do those derived from negatively buoyant simulated clouds. This suggests that relative to the depiction of warm clouds within the RAMS output, CloudSat observes higher proportions of positively buoyant, developing warm clouds.
Results from the NASA GSFC and LaRC Ozone Lidar Intercomparison: New Mobile Tools for Atmospheric Research
Authors: Sullivan John T. , McGee Thomas J. , DeYoung Russell , Twigg Laurence W. , Sumnicht Grant K. , Pliutau Denis , Knepp Travis , Carrion William 
Published: August 2015

AbstractDuring a 2-week period in May 2014, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Goddard Space Flight Center Tropospheric Ozone Differential Absorption Lidar (GSFC TROPOZ DIAL) was situated near the NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) Mobile Ozone Lidar (LMOL) and made simultaneous measurements for a continuous 15-h observation period in which six separate ozonesondes were launched to provide reference ozone profiles. Although each of these campaign-ready lidars has very different transmitter and receiver components, they produced very similar ozone profiles, which were mostly within 10% of each other and the ozonesondes. The observed column averages as compared to the ozonesondes also agree well and are within 8% of each other. A robust uncertainty analysis was performed, and the results indicate that there is no statistically significant systematic bias between the TROPOZ and LMOL instruments. With the extended measurements and ozonesonde launches, this intercomparison has yielded an in-depth evaluation of the precision and accuracy of the two new lidars. This intercomparison is also the first (to the best of the authors’ knowledge) reported measurement intercomparison of two ground-based tropospheric ozone lidar systems within the United States.
Mechanical Modeling of the Human Cricoid Cartilage Using Computer-Aided Design
Authors: Johnson Christopher M. , Howell John T. , Mettenburg Donald J. , Rueggeberg Frederick A. , Howell Rebecca J. , Postma Gregory N. , Weinberger Paul M. 
Published: August 2015

Objectives: Balloon dilation is generally considered first-line treatment for airway stenosis. Some dilation systems utilize a compliant balloon that can conform around rigid structures. Others use a noncompliant balloon that does not conform, allowing for dilation of more rigid stenoses. We hypothesized that subglottic dilation with a noncompliant balloon increases the likelihood of fracture of the cricoid when compared to a compliant balloon. Methods: Three fresh human cricoid cartilages were placed in a universal testing system to determine the expansile force necessary for cricoid fracture. Using these data, a 3D printer was used to construct a synthetic cricoid model possessing near identical physical characteristics to the human cricoid. Simulated dilation was then performed on the model using a compliant and a noncompliant balloon. Results: Human cricoid fracture occurred at 97.25 N (SD = 8.34), and the synthetic cricoid model fractured at 100.10 N (SD = 7.32). Both balloons fractured the model in every replicate experiment. Mean balloon internal pressure at fracture was 7.67 ATM (SD = 1.21) for the compliant balloon and 11.34 ATM (SD = 1.29) for the noncompliant balloon. Conclusions: These data show that fracture of the cricoid is a valid concern in balloon dilation procedures where the balloon spans the subglottis. Furthermore, the hypothesis was rejected in that the compliant balloon system was at least as likely to fracture the cricoid model as the noncompliant.
Knee Kinematics During Noncontact Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury as Determined From Bone Bruise Location
Authors: Kim Sophia Y. , Spritzer Charles E. , Utturkar Gangadhar M. , Toth Alison P. , Garrett William E. , DeFrate Louis E. 
Published: August 2015

Background: The motions causing noncontact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury remain unclear. Tibiofemoral bone bruises are believed to be the result of joint impact near the time of ACL rupture. The locations and frequencies of these bone bruises have been reported, but there are limited data quantifying knee position and orientation near the time of injury based on these contusions. Hypothesis: Knee position and orientation near the time of noncontact ACL injury include extension and anterior tibial translation. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Magnetic resonance images of 8 subjects with noncontact ACL injuries were acquired within 1 month of injury and were subsequently analyzed. All subjects exhibited bruises on both the femur and tibia in both medial and lateral compartments. The outer margins of bone and the bone bruise surfaces were outlined on each image to create a 3-dimensional model of each subject’s knee in its position during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI position). Numerical optimization was used to maximize overlap of the bone bruises on the femur and tibia and to predict the position of injury. Flexion angle, valgus orientation, internal tibial rotation, and anterior tibial translation were measured in both the MRI position and the predicted position of injury. Differences in kinematics between the MRI position, which served as an unloaded reference, and the predicted position of injury were compared by use of paired t tests. Results: Flexion angle was near full extension in both the MRI position and the predicted position of injury (8° vs 12°; P = .2). Statistically significant increases in valgus orientation (5°; P = .003), internal tibial rotation (15°; P = .003), and anterior tibial translation (22 mm; P < .001) were observed in the predicted position of injury relative to the MRI position. Conclusion: These results suggest that for the bone bruise pattern studied, landing on an extended knee is a high risk for ACL injury. Extension was accompanied by increased anterior tibial translation (22 mm), internal tibial rotation (15°), and valgus rotation (5°) in the predicted position of injury relative to the MRI position. Clinical Relevance: This study provides novel data characterizing the motions associated with ACL injury, information critical to improving strategies aimed at injury prevention.
Drug coated balloon angioplasty in elderly patients with small vessel coronary disease
Authors: Sinaga Dasdo A. , Ho Hee Hwa , Zeymer Uwe , Waliszewski Matthias , Jafary Fahim H. , Ooi Yau Wei , Loh Jason K. K. , Tan Julian K. B. , Ong Paul J. L. 
Published: August 2015

Background: Coronary angioplasty in advanced age is associated with higher rate of comorbidities and complications. Drug coated balloon only angioplasty (DCBA) has emerged as an alternative to treat small vessel coronary disease (SVCD), of reference vessel diameters <2.8 mm, with shorter duration of dual antiplatelet (DAPT). This is the first study to assess the DCBA efficacy in an elderly population with SVCD. Methods and results: We performed a prospective study of 447 patients (334 patients aged <75 and 113 patients aged ⩾75 years old) acquired from the SeQuent Please Small Vessel ‘Paclitaxel-Coated Balloon Only’ registry. In the older age group, more patients have hypertension (89% versus 77%; p = 0.006), renal insufficiency (21% versus 6%; p < 0.001), atrial fibrillation (17% versus 7%; p = 0.001), and calcified lesions (33% versus 20%; p = 0.006). At 30 days, there was one myocardial infarction requiring target lesion revascularization (TLR) in the younger group. No major adverse cardiac event (MACE) was observed in the older group. At 9 months, the MACE rate in the younger group was 4.2% and 6.1% in the older group ( p = 0.453), with TLR rates at 3.9% and 3.0% ( p = 0.704) respectively. There was no cardiac death observed. Conclusion: DBCA in the elderly with SVCD is as safe and effective compared with younger patients despite more complex anatomy and comorbidities.
Choice architecture interventions for increased vegetable intake and behaviour change in a school setting: a systematic review
Authors: Nørnberg Trine Riebeling , Houlby Louise , Skov Laurits Rohden , Peréz-Cueto Federico Jose Armando 
Published: August 2015

Aims: The primary objective of this review is to assess the prevalence and quality of published studies on the effect of choice architectural nudge interventions promoting vegetable consumption among adolescents. Additionally, this review aims to identify studies estimating adolescents’ attitude towards choice architectural nudge interventions. Methods: Web of Science, Scopus and PubMed were searched systematically for experimental studies with a predefined search strategy in the period November–December 2013. Publications were included following predetermined inclusion criteria. Studies were evaluated as of high, moderate or weak quality. Finally, studies were grouped by the type of intervention and underwent a narrative synthesis. Results: The search showed that only very few studies investigated the effects of choice architectural nudging interventions on vegetable consumption, and none of them had attitude towards behavioural interventions as an outcome measure. Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria. The results of the 12 studies were inconclusive, and the majority of studies were of weak or moderate quality. Conclusion: This review uncovers a gap in knowledge on the effect of choice architectural nudge interventions aiming to promote the intake of vegetables among adolescents in a school context. It also highlights that no previous studies have considered the attitudes towards choice architectural nudge interventions as a potential factor for their success – or lack thereof – in achieving the desired goal of increased vegetable consumption.
Interphalangeal Arthrodesis of the Toe With a New Radiolucent Intramedullary Implant (Toegrip)
Authors: Averous Christophe , Leider Frederic , Rocher Hubert , Determe Patrice , Guillo Stephane , Cermolacce Christophe , Diebold Patrice 
Published: August 2015

Background. Interphalangeal arthrodesis is a very common surgical treatment of rigid hammertoe and claw toe deformities. The K-wires habitually used in this procedure are sometimes complicated by pin tract infection, migration, discomfort, and breakage. The aim of this study is to evaluate the results of an interphalangeal arthrodesis with a new radiolucent angulated intramedullary implant. Methods. A total of 377 implants were placed in 297 patients between October 1, 2011, and October 1, 2012. In this study, 157 patients had more than 1 year follow-up and 142 patients were reviewed. The operation technique is explained in detail. Results. This intramedullary device offers a good immediate mechanical stability, adequate deformity correction, and a high rate of consolidation (83%). The satisfaction rate of patients in this series was 94%. Conclusions. This study demonstrates good results with a new generation of radiolucent implants. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level IV: Case series
Depletion of the chromatin remodeler CHD4 sensitizes AML blasts to genotoxic agents and reduces tumor formation
Authors: Sperlazza Justin , Rahmani Mohamed , Beckta Jason , Aust Mandy , Hawkins Elisa , Wang Shou Zhen , Zu Zhu Sheng , Podder Shreya , Dumur Catherine , Archer Kellie , Grant Steven , Ginder Gordon D. 
Published: August 2015

Key PointsCHD4 depletion sensitizes AML cells but not normal CD34+ progenitors to genotoxic agents by relaxing chromatin and impairing DSB repair. CHD4 depletion modulates expression of AML cell genes that regulate tumor formation in vivo and colony formation in vitro.
GVHD-associated, inflammasome-mediated loss of function in adoptively transferred myeloid-derived suppressor cells
Authors: Koehn Brent H. , Apostolova Petya , Haverkamp Jessica M. , Miller Jeffrey S. , McCullar Valarie , Tolar Jakub , Munn David H. , Murphy William J. , Brickey Willie June , Serody Jonathan S. , Gabrilovich Dmitry I. , Bronte Vincenzo , Murray Peter J. , Ting Jenny P.-Y. , Zeiser Robert , Blazar Bruce R. 
Published: August 2015

Key PointsMDSCs are potent suppressors of alloimmune responses; however, efficacy is limited in the context of acute GVHD due to inflammasome induction.
IDH2

R172
mutations define a unique subgroup of patients with angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma
Authors: Wang Chao , McKeithan Timothy W. , Gong Qiang , Zhang Weiwei , Bouska Alyssa , Rosenwald Andreas , Gascoyne Randy D. , Wu Xiwei , Wang Jinhui , Muhammad Zahid , Jiang Bei , Rohr Joseph , Cannon Andrew , Steidl Christian , Fu Kai , Li Yuping , Hung Stacy , Weisenburger Dennis D. , Greiner Timothy C. , Smith Lynette , Ott German , Rogan Eleanor G. , Staudt Louis M. , Vose Julie , Iqbal Javeed , Chan Wing C. 
Published: August 2015

Key Points
IDH2 R172 mutations define a unique subgroup with distinct TFH-like gene expression signatures in AITL. IDH2 R172 mutations can induce DNA and repressive histone hypermethylation in AITL.
Rapid growth accelerates telomere attrition in a transgenic fish
Authors: Pauliny Angela , Devlin Robert H. , Johnsson Jörgen I. , Blomqvist Donald 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals rarely grow as fast as their physiologies permit despite the fitness advantages of being large. One reason may be that rapid growth is costly, resulting for example in somatic damage. The chromosomal ends, the telomeres, are particularly vulnerable to such damage, and telomere attrition thus influences the rate of ageing. Here, we used a transgenic salmon model with an artificially increased growth rate to test the hypothesis that rapid growth is traded off against the ability to maintain somatic health, assessed as telomere attrition.ResultsWe found substantial telomere attrition in transgenic fish, while maternal half-sibs growing at a lower, wild-type rate seemed better able to maintain the length of their telomeres during the same time period.ConclusionsOur results are consistent with a trade-off between rapid growth and somatic (telomere) maintenance in growth-manipulated fish. Since telomere erosion reflects cellular ageing, our findings also support theories of ageing postulating that unrepaired somatic damage is associated with senescence.
Molecular and phenotypic distinction of the very recently evolved insular subspecies Mus musculus helgolandicus ZIMMERMANN, 1953
Authors: Babiker Hiba , Tautz Diethard 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Background
Populations and subspecies of the house mouse Mus musculus were able to invade new regions worldwide in the wake of human expansion. Here we investigate the origin and colonization history of the house mouse inhabiting the small island of Heligoland on the German Bight - Mus musculus helgolandicus. It was first described by Zimmermann in 1953, based on morphological descriptions which were considered to be a mosaic between the subspecies M. m. domesticus and M. m. musculus. Since mice on islands are excellent evolutionary model systems, we have focused here on a molecular characterization and an extended phenotype analysis.

Results
The molecular data show that the mice from Heligoland are derived from M. m. domesticus based on mitochondrial D-loop sequences as well as on four nuclear diagnostic markers, including one each from the sex-chromosomes. STRUCTURE analysis based on 21 microsatellite markers assigns Heligoland mice to a distinct population and D-loop network analysis suggests that they are derived from a single colonization event. In spite of mice from the mainland arriving by ships, they are apparently genetically refractory against further immigration. Mutation frequencies in complete mitochondrial genome sequences date the colonization age to approximately 400 years ago. Complete genome sequences from three animals revealed a genomic admixture with M. m. musculus genomic regions with at least 6.5 % of the genome affected. Geometric morphometric analysis of mandible shapes including skull samples from two time points during the last century suggest specific adaptations to a more carnivorous diet.

Conclusions
The molecular and morphological analyses confirm that M. m. helgolandicus consists of a distinct evolutionary lineage with specific adaptations. It shows a remarkable resilience against genetic mixture with mainland populations of M. m. domesticus despite major disturbances in the past century and a high ship traffic. The genomic admixture with M. m. musculus genetic material may have contributed to the genomic distinction of the Heligoland mice. In spite of its young age, M. m. helgolandicus may thus be considered as a true subspecies of Mus, whose evolution was triggered through fast divergence on a small island.
Draft genome sequence of the extremely halophilic archaeon Haladaptatus cibarius type strain D43T isolated from fermented seafood
Authors: Lee Hae-Won , Kim Dae-Won , Lee Mi-Hwa , Kim Byung-Yong , Cho Yong-Joon , Yim Kyung June , Song Hye Seon , Rhee Jin-Kyu , Seo Myung-Ji , Choi Hak-Jong , Choi Jong-Soon , Lee Dong-Gi , Yoon Changmann , Nam Young-Do , Roh Seong Woon 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAn extremely halophilic archaeon, Haladaptatus cibarius D43T, was isolated from traditional Korean salt-rich fermented seafood. Strain D43T shows the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (98.7 %) with Haladaptatus litoreus RO1-28T, is Gram-negative staining, motile, and extremely halophilic. Despite potential industrial applications of extremely halophilic archaea, their genome characteristics remain obscure. Here, we describe the whole genome sequence and annotated features of strain D43T. The 3,926,724 bp genome includes 4,092 protein-coding and 57 RNA genes (including 6 rRNA and 49 tRNA genes) with an average G + C content of 57.76 %.
Experimental study of Young’s modulus dispersion and attenuation in fully saturated sandstones
Authors: Pimienta Lucas , Fortin Jérôme , Guéguen Yves 
Published: August 2015

Although seismic wave dispersion and attenuation have been found to occur in sedimentary rocks, it remains challenging to experimentally observe these effects. A new experimental setup has been developed to measure the Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio of rocks over a wide range in pressure ([Formula: see text]) and frequency ([Formula: see text]). Calibration with standard samples determined the following: (1) no dependence of the apparatus to pressure and frequency and (2) a good fit between published data and the measured and inferred elastic properties. The measured Young’s modulus dispersion and attenuation of Plexiglas were also consistent with the published data. The Young’s modulus and the attenuation of Fontainebleau sandstone samples saturated by water and glycerin were then measured. Although small variations were observed for one sample, the second one exhibited strong pressure- and frequency-dependent variations of Young’s modulus and attenuation. A frequency-dependent fluid flow was simultaneously measured. The characteristic frequency for these variations was highly fluid dependent. Accounting for the in situ fluids’ viscosity using an apparent frequency parameter, we determined the Young’s modulus and attenuation of a fluid-saturated Fontainebleau sandstone over an apparent frequency band of [Formula: see text]. The measurements under water and glycerin saturation compared favorably, and two frequency-dependent phenomena were observed that were interpreted as the drained/undrained and undrained/unrelaxed transitions. The undrained/unrelaxed transition occurred in a large frequency range, which was attributed to a distribution in aspect ratio of the rock’s microcracks.
Accessing the archive: A TV history of Afrikaans film
Authors: Tomaselli Keyan 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
This article explores the political economy of the Afrikaans film production industry. The point of entry is a TV documentary series, Far Away in the Movies (Lategan, 2011). A basic methodology for examining visualization of media history is developed by examining the series as a point of reference. The issue of film archives and challenges of obtaining access is discussed. Issues of memory and how interviewees and scholars remember is conducted through autoethnographic analysis.
From destination to nation and back: The hyperreal journey of Incredible India
Authors: Chakraborti Siddhartha 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
This article argues that, despite the granting of political independence to most colonized places around the world by the 1960s and the academic criticism of the attitudes that furthered colonial intervention, there is a continued propagation of the idea that the West needs to intervene in the East. In contrast to traditional media where such articulation is immediately challenged, the medium of computer games provides a backdoor entry for such interventionist roles, which largely go un-noticed and unchallenged. This article argues that India has always been imagined as an exotic destination ripe for intervention by the West. This depiction has been carried forward to the virtual world of computer games. In these games India is seen as a passive, feminine destination for the exploits of the western traveller who must intercede to ensure the existence of India. The threats to India are shown to be often due to the nature of India itself, an irrational, magical space, wild and illogical, requiring the iron hand of the western traveller-adventurer. The western travelleradventurer appropriates the symbolisms associated with power in the local culture and establishes not only a lasting rule but also an ambience of continued influences even after the disintegration of the empire. The article argues for the need of rigorous intervention in the digital world of computer games while linking such portrayals to the continued neocolonial and neo-imperealist designs of the West.