bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE PROCESS OF FORMATION OF RAILWAY WHEEL DAMAGES AND TIRES IN OPERATION
Authors: Grischenko N. A. 
Published: May 2015

Purpose. The dependence analysis of structural changes in the metal of railway wheels and tires from indicated influences in operation, for the further development of strategy of service reliability growth. Methodology. Test materials are the details selected from railway wheels which were taken out of operation beforehand because of various damages. Micro-structural researches were made with the use of light microscope Epiquant and electron microscope. The sizing of structural elements was done by using the methods of quantitative metallography. Findings. Over the past few decades the rapid development of industry was supported by the steady growth of intensity of using railway transport. In this case simultaneous increase of load at wheel set axle, with the increase of speed was accompanied by natural increase of the amount of cases of premature wheels and tires’ withdrawing out of operation. Railway wheel, except the formation of metal layer at rolling surface with the high defects concentration of crystal structure and first of all dislocations, falls under thermal influence from interaction with break blocks. The nature of joint influence (cold deformation and heating) on the metal rim of a wheel is conditioned by the appearance of sufficiently high gradients of structural changes that can be considered as the influence on the level of internal residual stresses. In case of the rise of volume part of carbide phase at a constant ferrite grain size, it is achieved only by the increasing of dislocation nucleation sources without changing the number of annihilation positions. In this case the accumulation of dislocations at the initial stages of plastic deformation (in metal volume in front of delta arm crack) will lead to the formation of cementite globes around certain interlocked dislocation density. In contrast the sharp increase of deformation hardening carbon steel parameters is observed. Originality. During the braking of locomotive the speed rise of metal heating at rolling surface is provided with the increase of temperatures that is enough for the beginning of phase transformations. Under the further cooling there is the formation of a number of structures formed from sliding to diffusive mechanisms. As a result the chosen areas become the centers of future metal deformations on wheels’ rolling surface and tires. Practical value. Based on the study of patterns of damages’ formation in railway wheels and tires from the peculiarities of internal metal structure and the working conditions «Classifier of defects» was developed аnd «Technical tips for determination of causes of cracks in solid-rolled railway wheels and destruction in general», which have been implemented on Ukrzaliznytsia.
How specialist nurse-led care can help to lower the costs of prophylaxis
Authors: Grieg Allison 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Prophylaxis with factor VIII concentrates is beneficial for adults with severe haemophilia A, but prophylaxis regimens are costly. Guidelines recommend personalised prophylaxis tailored to bleeding phenotype and the result of pharmacokinetic assessments. This article describes a project in which specialist nurses played a pivotal role in identifying a small cohort of patients eligible for dose reduction. Nurses monitored patients following dose reduction, maintaining contact in order to address fears and ensure patient safety. The project led to a substantial cost saving for the Trust and demonstrates the value that nurses can bring to the haemophilia centre.
A core competency framework for haemophilia nurses in the UK
Authors: Khair Kate , Barker Colin , Bedford Martin , Elliot Daksha , Harrington Christine , Lawrence Kingsley , Mackett M. Nicola , Pollard Debra 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The role of the nurse continues to develop, probably at greater speed than ever before. Would Florence Nightingale ever have dreamt of nurses who could manage whole episodes of patient care from diagnosis, through admission, requesting investigations, prescribing treatments and evaluating outcomes? She probably did - when she instigated the first nursing outcome measures looking at infection control. Nurses can and do, do most things. What is important is that they are appropriately trained and continue to develop skills, that are relevant both to them and the patients for whom they care. Assessing this ability, or competence, requires knowledge and skills in itself. In this paper we describe the process of defining competence in haemophilia nursing. Some of these competencies are transferable from other areas of nursing, others are haemophilia-specific. Together they provide a personal development framework for nurses who work within haemophilia as part or all of their role.
Women with haemophilia: more than just carriers
Authors: Sager Robin 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
It is said that men have haemophilia and women are carriers, affected or unaffected. The terminology used is significant. Why it is that men are described as ‘having’ haemophilia and women with haemophilia are described as affected carriers? After all the men ‘carry’ the gene just as the women do and pass it on to their daughters. Likewise many women have Factor IX or Factor VIII levels that, if they were a man, would be categorised as mild or even in some cases moderate or severe haemophilia. Yet haemophilia is widely viewed as a condition affecting men with women as the passive vehicle for its transmission from generation to generation. There are many issues for women that are affected by this choice of terminology. Among them are their ability to access healthcare and their acknowledgement within healthcare systems throughout the world. Are women with the same factor level as men viewed in the same manner by healthcare professionals and do they acknowledge their own bleeding disorder as being the same as their male counterparts? How many women are unaware of their own bleeding disorder because they have only been viewed as ‘carriers’? Research into these issues is limited. This paper explores the aspects that affect women with haemophilia, from the definition in its historical context, obtaining a diagnosis, psychosocial elements, access to treatment, changing attitudes and acknowledgements within both the medical community and the wider community.
Successful use of BPL Factor X concentrate in a child with severe factor X deficiency
Authors: Khair Kate , Kumar Poornima , Mathias Mary , Efford Jemma , Liesner Ri 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Introduction: Severe factor X deficiency is a rare serious bleeding disorder historically treated with fresh frozen plasma (FFP) and more recently with prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) which contains activated factors II, VII, IX and X. The infusion volume of PCC is smaller than FFP, but there is a risk of thromboembolic complications given the presence of activated forms of vitamin K-dependent factor concentrates when treating an isolated coagulation factor deficiency. Methods: We describe the case of a nine-year-old girl of consanguineous origin with co-existent congenital merosin deficient muscular dystrophy and severe factor X deficiency treated with twice-weekly PCC prophylaxis via an indwelling central venous access device (CVAD). Infusion occlusion of her fifth CVAD occurred 24-months post-insertion; thrombus within the right subclavian and brachiocephalic veins was seen on radiological imaging. She started peripheral treatment with BPL Factor X concentrate as infusion volumes were smaller and given her immobility further thrombotic risk was predicted to be reduced. A sixth CVAD was inserted seven months later and BPL Factor X prophylaxis was continued. Results:BPL Factor X concentrate was effective in maintaining trough levels of 13IU/ml 72-hours post-dose, with no intercurrent bleeding episodes or further problems in terms of occlusion of her portacath. Further radiological screening has not been undertaken. Conclusion: BPL Factor X has been shown to be a safe and effective alternative to PCC for treatment of severe factor X deficiency in this case.
Switching factor products: selecting patients and managing the process
Authors: Harrington Christine , Hay Charles , Vidler Vicky , Dattani Rashesh , Heygate Katherine 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Clotting factor concentrates used in the treatment of haemophilia are now procured centrally in the UK by nationally organised competitive tendering to obtain the best product price while still preserving some degree of prescribing freedom. Inevitably, however, some patients are required to switch from one brand of factor VIII to another to fulfil contractual requirements. This process of switching patients from one product to another falls to staff at individual haemophilia centres, with haemophilia nurses in particular playing a key role. This article outlines the national procurement process and discusses how the switch can be managed quickly and smoothly, as well as providing practical guidance on selecting which patients may be asked to switch. Issues such as patient communication, managing potential patient anxiety and efficient stock management are also discussed.
A dental care pathway for children with inherited bleeding disorders
Authors: Fong Franchesca , Davies Janet , Fearne Janice , Pasi John 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Royal London Hospital is a major referral centre for children with inherited bleeding disorders (IBD). Dental caries and periodontal disease can be prevented, which is especially important in these children to avoid invasive treatment. For this reason a care pathway has been established, focusing on appropriate prevention advice and treatment A Paediatric Dental Specialist attends the monthly Paediatric Haematology clinics. Children are screened for untreated dental decay and preventive dental advice is given verbally along with a patient information leaflet. At the clinic, a letter is sent out to the patient’s general dental practitioner (GDP). Nonregistered patients are directed to NHS Choices website to find a local NHS GDP. Liaison of GDPs with both haematology and hospital paediatric dental services is actively encouraged to support the provision of dental care within the primary care setting, particularly routine preventive care. Depending on the severity of the bleeding diathesis and the degree of invasive dental treatment required, the GDP may undertake simple treatment or, in more complex cases, may arrange a referral to the Royal London Dental Hospital. A consultation process takes place between paediatric dentist, paediatric haematologist and specialist nurse to determine the most appropriate haematological cover for each patient. This will depend on the severity of the bleeding disorder, the complexity of dental treatment and the need for local anaesthesia. The date of the dental visits and the haemostatic cover are requested via the electronic patient record so that it is accessible to all clinicians involved in their care without the need to retrieve their paper notes. This pathway encourages active involvement of the patients’ GDP and allows the patient to be treated as safely as possible in a timely manner. The care pathway has helped to formalise dental treatment for children with IBD and to improve every health care professional’s understanding of their role in this care.
Decision-support tool for telephone triage — the Canadian experience
Authors: Laudenbach Lori 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The concentration of expertise in haemophilia treatment centres means that patients in most countries live a considerable distance from their treatment centre. Telephone support between regular clinic visits is common practice. This article describes the six principles that broadly outline nurses’ accountabilities when providing care over the telephone and discusses how they have been applied in practice with the Canadian Association of Nurses in Hemophilia Care (CANHC) telephone guidelines.
Slovenian Complementary Health Insurance as a Service of General Economic Interest
Authors: Nikolić Bruno 
Published: May 2015

Slovenian legislation defines complementary health insurance as an activity of the public interest, which represents an inseparable and essential element of healthcare system and as such pursues objectives identical to those of compulsory health insurance – financial security of population against high healthcare expenses and appropriate and fair access to efficient and quality healthcare. EU Member States often introduce different regulatory measures to safeguard the public interest in the field of economic activities. These measures often contravene the Union acquis (the rules on the functioning of the internal market and competition law), which is in principle unacceptable. This article aims to define Slovenian complementary health insurance as a service of general economic interest, which opens up new prospects for the Member States’ adoption of the regulatory measures that are not compliant with therules on the functioning of the internal market and EU competition law.
Analysis of the Set, Meaning, Range and Frequency of Lodging the Reasons for Judicial Protection Request
Authors: Jurič Tine 
Published: May 2015

The right to a legal remedy is one of the fundamental rights, which must be provided to every party involved in the proceedings (criminal, administrative, civil) which decide on the party’s rights, obligations or legal benefits. In the field of misdemeanour law with regard to the fast track misdemeanour proceedings, the legislature refers to this remedy as the request for judicial protection. Its effectiveness at the level of the set of reasons and their frequency at lodging the request, with the aim of providing the best possible legal protection of offenders, is unexplored, and so an in-depth empirical, historical and normative research of the challenge against its lodging has been made, in particular of the range, meaning, scope and the frequency of the filing of the reasons challenging the lodging. The research established that the range of the challenging grounds for filing a request for judicial protection extends with the amendments to the Minor Offences Act and in this way provides a greater legal protection for offenders, and that most of them are filed due to a challenge on the grounds of erroneous and incomplete factual findings. This suggests that in this part of the fast track misdemeanour proceedings, most irregularities by misdemeanours authority are claimed. The results of empirical research utilizing the model of challenging the Police decisions regarding misdemeanours present the conduct of research, the methods used, as well as the baseline for a model of judicial protectionagainst the decisions of the Police regarding the Minor Offences Act de lege ferenda.
Câmera e câmara: un caso di variazione lessicale in portoghese
Authors: Cavaliere Ricardo 
Published: May 2015

Questo articolo tratta dell’origine etimologica della doppia câmara e câmera nel lessico del portoghese, con uno studio delle loro varianti semantiche e del loro uso nel testo scritto in prospettiva diacronica. I paronimi in questione sono casi di allotropia, arrivati dall’importazione del lessico delle lingue moderne, oltre a dalle forme ereditarie della tradizione latina. L’articolo riporta, inoltre, un breve studio comparativo con l’obiettivo di analizzare gli aspetti semantici che i termini godono in altre lingue romanze.This paper studies the etymological origin of the pair câmara and câmera in the lexicon of Portuguese language, with a study of their semantic variants and their use in written texts in diachronic perspective. The paronyms at issue are examples of doublets that have arrived from the vocabulary of modern languages , in addition to hereditary forms of the Latin tradition. The article also offers a short comparative study with the objective of analyzing the semantic aspects that these particular words have in other romance languages.
Biotreatment of Hydrate-Inhibitor-Containing Produced Waters at Low pH
Authors: Janson Arnold , Santos Ana , Hussain Altaf , Judd Simon , Soares Ana , Adham Samer 
Published: May 2015

Summary
With proper treatment to remove organics and inorganics, one can use the produced water (PW) generated during oil-and-gas extraction as process water. Biotreatment is generally regarded as the most cost-effective method for organics removal, and although widely used in industrial wastewater treatment, PW biotreatment installations are limited.
This paper follows up to an earlier paper published in the SPE Journal (Janson et al. 2014). Although the earlier paper assessed the biotreatability of PW from a Qatari gas field from the summer season, this paper focuses on assessing the biotreatability of PW during the winter season [i.e., containing the thermodynamic hydrate inhibitor monoethylene glycol (MEG) and a kinetic hydrate inhibitor (KHI)]. Tests were conducted in batch and continuous reactors under aerobic mixed-culture conditions without pH control during 31 weeks.
The results indicated that one could remove &gt;80% of the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC) through biological treatment of PW with 1.5% MEG added. In contrast, biotreatment can remove only ≈43% of COD and TOC present in PW when 1.5% KHI was added as a hydrate inhibitor; 2-butoxyethanol, a solvent in KHI, is extremely biodegradable; it was reduced in concentration from &gt;5000 to &lt;10 mg/L by biotreatment; the KHI polymer though was only partially biodegradable. Cloudpoint tests conducted on PW with 1.5% KHI added showed only an 8°C increase in cloudpoint temperature (from 35 to 43°C). The target cloudpoint temperature of &gt;60°C was not achieved.
Although the feed to the reactors (PW with either KHI or MEG) was at pH 4.5, the reactors stabilized at a pH of 2.6, considered extremely acidic for aerobic bioactivity. The successful operation of an aerobic biological process for an extended period of time at a pH of 2.6 was unexpected, and published reports of bioactivity at that pH are limited. After extensive analytical tests, it was concluded that the pH decrease was caused by the production of an inorganic acid. A mechanism by which hydrochloric acid could be produced biologically was proposed; however, further research in this area by the academic community is recommended.
Adherence in orthodontic settings: Understanding practitioner views in a UK sample
Authors: Shammary Nawaf Hamad Al , Newton Tim , McDonald Fraser , Scambler Sasha , Asimakopoulou Koula 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To explore predictors of adherence in adult orthodontic patients as reported by orthodontists in the UK.

Materials and Methods:
Twenty-three orthodontists (47% female and 53% male) from the UK with approximately 15 years of experience each (M  =  14.7; SD  =  1.73) completed a questionnaire regarding the importance they give to a number of factors signaled in the literature as adequate predictors of adherence. This cross-sectional quantitative and exploratory survey consisted of four parts, requesting orthodontists to rate a list of predictors of adherence on (1) evaluation—how important they thought the predictor was to assess patient adherence, (2) application—the extent to which they used each predictor to assess adherence in their daily practice, (3) open-ended questions to collect any other perceived predictors of adherence, and (4) demographics.

Results:
All participating orthodontists agreed that patients' regularity in attending appointments, maintenance of good oral hygiene, and utilization of dental appliances are the most important factors for predicting adherence. In the open-ended portion of the questionnaire, orthodontists also highlighted perceived cost of treatment as an important factor. The remaining factors included in the questionnaire were also rated as important or utilized, though they yielded a more varied pattern of response.

Conclusions:
Appointment keeping, cooperating in the use of removable appliances, and oral hygiene were rated as the most important factors by orthodontists when assessing adherence in adult patients. The perceived cost of treatment was also highlighted by orthodontists as an important factor for adherence.
Effect of question design on dietary information solicited during veterinarian-client interactions in companion animal practice in Ontario, Canada
Authors: MacMartin Clare , Wheat Hannah C. , Coe Jason B. , Adams Cindy L. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Objective—To establish the types of initial questions used by veterinarians in companion animal practice to solicit nutritional history information from owners of dogs and cats, the dietary information elicited, and the relationship between initial question-answer sequences and later nutrition-related questions.
Design—Cross-sectional qualitative conversation analytic study.
Sample—98 appointments featuring 15 veterinarians drawn from an observational study of 284 videotaped veterinarian-client-patient visits involving 17 veterinarians in companion animal practices in eastern Ontario, Canada.
Procedures—Veterinarian and client talk related to patient nutrition was identified and transcribed; conversation analysis was then used to examine the orderly design and details of talk within and across turns. Nutrition-related discussions occurred in 172 visits, 98 of which contained veterinarian-initiated question-answer sequences about patient nutritional history (99 sequences in total, with 2 sequences in 1 visit).
Results—The predominant question format used by veterinarians was a what-prefaced question asking about the current content of the patient's diet (75/99). Overall, 63 appointments involved a single what-prefaced question in the first turn of nutrition talk by the veterinarian (64 sequences in total). Dietary information in client responses was typically restricted to the brand name, the subtype (eg, kitten), or the brand name and subtype of a single food item. When additional diet questions were subsequently posed, they typically sought only clarification about the food item previously mentioned by the client.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that question design can influence the accuracy and completeness of a nutritional history. These findings can potentially provide important evidence-based guidance for communication training in nutritional assessment techniques.