bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cohort profile: The Obesity and Disease Development Sweden (ODDS) study, a pooled cohort
Authors: da Silva Marisa , Fritz Josef , Mboya Innocent B , Sun Ming , Wahlström Jens , van Guelpen Bethany , Michaëlsson Karl , Magnusson Patrik K E , Melander Olle , Sandin Sven , Yin Weiyao , Trolle Lagerros Ylva , Nwaru Bright , Leppert Jerzy , Chabok Abbas , Pedersen Nancy L , Elmståhl Sölve , Isaksson Karolin , Ingvar Christian , Hedman Linnea , Backman Helena , Häggström Christel , Stocks Tanja 
Published: July 2024

Purpose
The Obesity and Disease Development Sweden (ODDS) study was designed to create a large cohort to study body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and changes in weight and WC, in relation to morbidity and mortality.

Participants
ODDS includes 4 295 859 individuals, 2 165 048 men and 2 130 811 women, in Swedish cohorts and national registers with information on weight assessed once (2 555 098 individuals) or more (1 740 761 individuals), in total constituting 7 733 901 weight assessments at the age of 17–103 years in 1963–2020 (recalled weight as of 1911). Information on WC is available in 152 089 men and 212 658 women, out of whom 108 795 have repeated information on WC (in total 512 273 assessments). Information on morbidity and mortality was retrieved from national registers, with follow-up until the end of 2019–2021, varying between the registers.

Findings to date

Among all weight assessments (of which 85% are objectively measured), the median year, age and BMI (IQR) is 1985 (1977–1994) in men and 2001 (1991–2010) in women, age 19 (18–40) years in men and 30 (26–36) years in women and BMI 22.9 (20.9–25.4) kg/m
2
in men and 23.2 (21.2–26.1) kg/m
2
in women. Normal weight (BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m
2
) is present in 67% of assessments in men and 64% in women and obesity (BMI≥30 kg/m
2
) in 5% of assessments in men and 10% in women. The median (IQR) follow-up time from the first objectively measured or self-reported current weight assessment until emigration, death or end of follow-up is 31.4 (21.8–40.8) years in men and 19.6 (9.3–29.0) years in women. During follow-up, 283 244 men and 123 457 women died.

Future plans
The large sample size and long follow-up of the ODDS Study will provide robust results on anthropometric measures in relation to risk of common diseases and causes of deaths, and novel findings in subgroups and rarer outcomes.
Factors associated with the quality of corneas retrieved for transplantation by Eye Banks: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Mota Felipe Machado , Ferreira Júnior Marcos Antonio , Maidana Gustavo Moura , Cardoso Andréia Insabralde de Queiroz , Abes Bruna Dias , Dias Mayra , Meza Letícia Lima 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionThe cornea is an avascular and transparent layer of connective tissue crucial to retinal image quality. Diseases can impair its quality, affecting vision. Keratoplasty is the only therapy capable of restoring vision quality in severe corneal involvement. Despite the established practice of transplantation, access to corneal tissue is limited in many places, and the quality of retrieved corneas is not always adequate, resulting in disqualification. Not all factors affecting tissue quality are fully understood due to the multifactorial nature of processes and variations in procedures globally.ObjectiveThe objective is to map the global literature to establish the factors associated with the clinical and sociodemographic conditions of donors, and the conditions inherent in the processing of corneas that can influence the quality of this tissue for transplantation purposes.Methods and analysisA scoping review will be developed based on the methodological framework of the Joanna Briggs Institute. The scientific report will follow the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) extension checklist for Scoping Reviews. Searches will be conducted in 30 indexed and 12 grey literature databases, without time or location restrictions. The selection of studies will be carried out in three distinct phases: screening, eligibility and inclusion. After defining the sample, data from the selected studies will be systematically extracted into an electronic spreadsheet. The results will be presented descriptively through tables and graphs of absolute and relative frequency. In addition, the PRISMA Scoping Review flow chart will be presented to present the process of searching, including and excluding articles and documents.Ethics and disseminationThis scoping review study does not require prior ethical approval as it uses publicly available and already published studies. The research protocol is registered in the Open Science Framework (osf.io/bw6r7). The findings will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed scientific journals and presented at ophthalmology and/or transplantation conferences through oral presentations or posters.
Effects of individualised lung-protective ventilation with lung dynamic compliance-guided positive end-expiratory pressure titration on postoperative pulmonary complications of paediatric video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery: protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Chen Jiaxiang , Lin Rongmu , Shi Xiaoli , Liang Changsheng , Hu Wei , Ma Xinggang , Xu Liang 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionLung-protective ventilation strategies (LPVS) for one-lung ventilation (OLV) in paediatric patients pose greater challenges than in adults. Optimising LPVS for paediatric OLV to mitigate postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) has emerged as a current research focal point. However, there remains a divergence of opinions concerning the individualised setting and application of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). Lung dynamic compliance (Cdyn) can serve as a reflection of the lung’s physiological state in children during OLV and is a readily obtainable parameter. This study protocol is formulated to assess the effectiveness of Cdyn-guided PEEP titration on PPCs during paediatric OLV.Methods and analysisThis study constitutes a single-centre, prospective, double-blind, randomised controlled trial. The trial aims to recruit 60 paediatric patients scheduled for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. These eligible patients will be randomly assigned to either the Cdyn-guided PEEP group or the conventional PEEP group during general anaesthesia for OLV. The primary outcome will involve assessing the incidence of PPCs at 7 days after surgery. Secondary outcomes will encompass the evaluation of the modified lung ultrasound score following surgery, as well as monitoring the oxygenation index, driving pressure and Cdyn during mechanical ventilation. Data collection will be performed by investigators who are kept blinded to the interventions.Ethics and disseminationThe Clinical Trial Ethics Committee at Shenzhen Children’s Hospital has conferred ethical approvals for this trial (approval number: 2022076). Results from this trial will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals and presented at professional symposiums.Trail registration numberNCT05386901.
Components of pharmacist-led medication reviews and their relationship to outcomes: a systematic review and narrative synthesis
Authors: Craske Miriam E. , Hardeman Wendy , Steel Nicholas , Twigg Michael J 
Published: July 2024

Introduction
Pharmacist-led medication reviews are an established intervention to support patients prescribed multiple medicines or with complex medication regimes. For this systematic review, a medication review was defined as ‘a consultation between a pharmacist and a patient to review the patient’s total medicines use with a view to improve patient health outcomes and minimise medicines-related problems’. It is not known how varying approaches to medication reviews lead to different outcomes.

Aim
To explore the common themes associated with positive outcomes from pharmacist-led medication reviews.

Method
Randomised controlled trials of pharmacist-led medication reviews in adults aged 18 years and over were included. The search terms used in MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science databases were “medication review”, “pharmacist”, “randomised controlled trial” and their synonyms, time filter 2015 to September 2023. Studies published before 2015 were identified from a previous systematic review. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias 2 tool. Descriptions of medication reviews’ components, implementation and outcomes were narratively synthesised to draw out common themes. Results are presented in tables.

Results
Sixty-eight papers describing 50 studies met the inclusion criteria. Common themes that emerged from synthesis include collaborative working which may help reduce medicines-related problems and the number of medicines prescribed; patient involvement in goal setting and action planning which may improve patients’ ability to take medicines as prescribed and help them achieve their treatment goals; additional support and follow-up, which may lead to improved blood pressure, diabetes control, quality of life and a reduction of medicines-related problems.

Conclusion
This systematic review identified common themes and components, for example, goal setting, action planning, additional support and follow-up, that may influence outcomes of pharmacist-led medication reviews. Researchers, health professionals and commissioners could use these for a comprehensive evaluation of medication review implementation.

PROSPERO registration number
CRD42020173907.
Chronic respiratory disease observatory for Africa (CHEST-Africa): study protocol for the prevalence, determinants and economic impacts of asthma and COPD in Africa
Authors: Ozoh Obianuju B , Ndimande Nqobile , Amaral Andre F S , Lesosky Maia , Mbonigaba Josue , Stolbrink Marie , Zurba Lindsey , Ayo-Olagunju Tochukwu , Kayembe-Kitenge Tony , Lakoh Suliaman , Mocumbi Ana , Mohammed Jibril , Nantanda Rebecca , Nunes Elizabete , Ouédraogo Abdoul Risgou , Owusu Sandra , Sibomana Jean Pierre , Masekela Refiloe , Mortimer Kevin 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionContemporary data on the burden of chronic respiratory diseases in sub-Saharan Africa is limited. More so, their economic burden is not well described. This study aims to establish a chronic respiratory disease observatory for Africa. Specific study aims are (1) to describe the prevalence and determinants of asthma with a target to screen up to 4000 children and adolescents across four African cities; (2) to determine the prevalence and determinants of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with a target to screen up to 3000 adults (≥18 years) across five African cities; (3) to describe the disease burden by assessing the frequency and severity of symptoms and exacerbations, medication use, emergency healthcare utilisation and hospitalisation; and (4) to assess the economic burden and affordability of the medicines for these diseases.Methods and analysisSurveys will be conducted in schools to identify children and adolescents with asthma using the Global Asthma Network screening questionnaire in Ghana, Nigeria, the Democratic Republic of Congo, and Uganda. Community surveys will be conducted among adults using an adapted version of the Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease Questionnaire to identify persons with COPD symptoms in Nigeria, Burkina Faso, Mozambique, Rwanda, and Sierra Leone. Fractional exhaled nitric oxide and pre-bronchodilator and post-bronchodilator spirometry will be done for children with asthma or asthma symptoms and for all adult participants. Children and adults with respiratory symptoms or diagnoses will complete the health economic questionnaires. Statistical analysis will involve descriptive and analytical statistics to determine outcomes.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been obtained from participating institutions. This study’s results will inform deliberations at the United Nations General Assembly high-level meeting on non-communicable diseases in 2025. The results will be shared through academic conferences and journals and communicated to the schools and the communities.
Changes in male permanent contraception as partner access to long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) increases: an analysis of the National Survey for Family Growth, 2006–2010 versus 2017–2019
Authors: Beshar Isabel , So Jodi Y , Shaw Kate A , Cahill Erica P , Shaw Jonathan Glazer 
Published: July 2024

ObjectiveMale permanent contraception (PC), that is, vasectomy, is an effective way of preventing pregnancy. In the United States, male PC use has historically been concentrated among higher-educated/higher-income males of White race. In the last decade, use of long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) has increased dramatically. We sought to understand how sociodemographic patterns of male PC have changed in the context of rising LARC use.Study designWe examined the nationally representative male public use files of the National Survey for Family Growth (NSFG) across five survey waves. Our outcome was primary contraceptive use at last sexual encounter within 12 months. Using four-way multinomial logistic regressions (male PC, female PC, LARC, lower-efficacy methods), we compared sociodemographic factors predictive of male PC use versus reported partner LARC use between 2006–2010 (early) and 2017–2019 (recent) waves.ResultsWe included 15 964 participants. From 2006 to 2019, there were absolute declines in male PC from 8.0% to 6.8%, while male-reported partner LARC use increased three-fold, from 3.4% to 11.0%. Among the highest economic strata, use of LARC converged with male PC. In adjusted analyses, high income significantly associated with male PC use in the early wave (OR 4.6 (1.4, 14.8)), but no longer in the recent wave (OR 0.9 (0.2, 4.2)). Marital status remained a significant but declining predictor of male PC across survey waves, and instead, by 2019, number of children newly emerged as the strongest predictor of male PC use.ConclusionSociodemographic variables associated with vasectomy use are evolving, especially among high-income earners.
Haematoma block is the most efficient technique for closed forearm fracture reduction: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Pitman Georgia Rose , Soeyland Torgrim , Popovic Gordana , Thomson David 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundForearm fractures are a common ED presentation. This study aimed to compare the resource utilisation of three anaesthetic techniques used for closed forearm fracture reduction in the ED: haematoma block (HB), Bier’s block (BB) and procedural sedation (PS).MethodsA retrospective multicentre cohort study was conducted of adult patients presenting to either Port Macquarie Base Hospital ED or Kempsey District Hospital ED in New South Wales, Australia, from January 2018 to June 2021. Patients requiring a closed reduction in the ED were included. ED length of stay (LOS) was compared using a likelihood ratio test. Successful reduction on the first attempt and the number of ED specialists present for each method were both modelled with a linear regression. Staff utilisation by the level of training, cost of consumables and complications for each group were presented as descriptive statistics.ResultsA total of 226 forearm fractures were included. 84 used HB, 35 BB and 107 PS. The mean ED LOS was lowest for HB (187.7 min) compared with BB (227.2 min) and PS (239.3 min) (p=0.023). The number of ED specialists required for PS was higher when compared with HB and BB (p=0.001). The cost of consumables and a total number of staff were considerably lower for HB compared with PS and BB methods. PS had the highest proportion of successful reductions on the first attempt (94.4%) compared with BB (88.6%) and HB (76.2%) (p=0.006). More patients experienced complications from PS (17.8%) compared with BB (14.3%) and HB (13.1%).ConclusionsIn this study, the HB method was the most efficient as it was associated with a shorter ED LOS, lower cost and staff resource utilisation. Although PS had a significantly greater proportion of successful reductions on the first attempt, HB had fewer complications than BB and PS. EDs with limited resources should consider using HB or BB as the initial technique for fracture reduction with PS used for failed HB or when regional blocks are contraindicated.
Hepatitis E in men who have sex with men: a systematic review
Authors: Fitzpatrick Colin , Doherty Shaira , George Sabina , Richardson Daniel 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundThe transmission dynamics of hepatitis E in men who have sex with men (MSM) are poorly understood. We aimed to explore any factors observed in MSM with hepatitis E by systematically reviewing the literature.MethodsWe searched five databases (PubMed, Embase, CINAHL Plus, MEDLINE and Web of Science Core Collections). The primary author performed an initial screen of citations and abstracts, and two authors independently reviewed full-text manuscripts for eligibility. We only included manuscripts in English that explored at least one risk factor for hepatitis E. The risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute toolkits. Narrative data were synthesised and tabulated. This review was registered on PROSPERO (ID: CRD42023472303).Results14 manuscripts were included in this review: two case reports, one case-control study, two cohort studies and nine cross-sectional studies from Italy (n=3), Japan (n=2), France (n=2), Argentina (n=1), Russia (n=1), the USA (n=1), the Netherlands (n=1), Belgium (n=1), Spain (n=1) and Greece (n=1). In total, there were 376 MSM with hepatitis E in this analysis. We have highlighted demographic (bimodal age (16–29 and >40), HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis use, living with HIV) and biological (previous syphilis, hepatitis C and hepatitis A) factors in MSM with previous/current hepatitis E. In five manuscripts, no association was found between MSM and hepatitis E.ConclusionDespite conflicting data, hepatitis E may be sexually transmissible in MSM, and MSM with unexplained jaundice, transaminitis, renal disease or neurological disease should be tested. HIV, hepatitis A (including vaccination), hepatitis C and syphilis testing are required in MSM with hepatitis E. This review provides some insight for future clinical guidelines, public health outbreak control strategies and research.
Geriatric trauma triage: optimizing systems for older adults—a publication of the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma Geriatric Trauma Committee
Authors: Egodage Tanya , Ho Vanessa P , Bongiovanni Tasce , Knight-Davis Jennifer , Adams Sasha D , Digiacomo Jody , Swezey Elisabeth , Posluszny Joseph , Ahmed Nasim , Prabhakaran Kartik , Ratnasekera Asanthi , Putnam Adin Tyler , Behbahaninia Milad , Hornor Melissa , Cohan Caitlin , Joseph Bellal 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundGeriatric trauma patients are an increasing population of the United States (US), sustaining a high incidence of falls, and suffer greater morbidity and mortality to their younger counterparts. Significant variation and challenges exist to optimize outcomes for this cohort, while being mindful of available resources. This manuscript provides concise summary of locoregional and national practices, including relevant updates in the triage of geriatric trauma in an effort to synthesize the results and provide guidance for further investigation.MethodsWe conducted a review of geriatric triage in the United States (US) at multiple stages in the care of the older patient, evaluating existing literature and guidelines. Opportunities for improvement or standardization were identified.ResultsOpportunities for improved geriatric trauma triage exist in the pre-hospital setting, in the trauma bay, and continue after admission. They may include physiologic criteria, biochemical markers, radiologic criteria and even age. Recent Trauma Quality Improvement Program (TQIP) Best Practices Guidelines for Geriatric Trauma Management published in 2024 support these findings.ConclusionTrauma systems must adjust to provide optimal care for older adults. Further investigation is required to provide pertinent guidance.
Digitizing lattice gauge theories in the magnetic basis: reducing the breaking of the fundamental commutation relations
Authors: Romiti Simone , Urbach Carsten 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe present a digitization scheme for the lattice $${\textrm{SU}}(2)$$

SU
(
2
)

gauge theory Hamiltonian in the magnetic basis, where the gauge links are unitary and diagonal. The digitization is obtained from a particular partitioning of the $${\textrm{SU}}(2)$$

SU
(
2
)

group manifold, with the canonical momenta constructed by an approximation of the Lie derivatives on this partitioning. This construction, analogous to a discrete Fourier transform, preserves the spectrum of the electric part of the Hamiltonian and the canonical commutation relations exactly on a subspace of the truncated Hilbert space, while the residual subspace can be projected above the cutoff of the theory.
Two $$\beta $$-ensemble realization of $$\beta $$-deformed WLZZ models
Authors: Mironov A. , Oreshina A. , Popolitov A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe consider a two $$\beta $$
β
-ensemble realization of the series of $$\beta $$
β
-deformed WLZZ matrix models. We demonstrate that such a realization involves $$\beta $$
β
-deformed Harish-Chandra–Itzykson–Zuber integrals, one of them providing a coupling to the external field. We also construct Ward identities in the corresponding two $$\beta $$
β
-ensemble model, which requires a set of identities for partition function of the one $$\beta $$
β
-ensemble in the external field, and a set of identities for the $$\beta $$
β
-deformed Itzykson-Zuber integral. These both sets of identities are formulated in terms of the Dunkl operators.
Saturation and absorption effects on the transmission properties of Kerr-type nonlinear layers
Authors: Betancur-Yepes C. A. , Mazo-Vásquez J. D. , Reyes-Gómez E. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The effects of absorption and saturation on soliton states in Kerr-type nonlinear layers are theoretically investigated. In addition to the usual gray and bright soliton structures observed in nonlinear slabs, a flat soliton, i.e., a particular soliton excitation with electric field amplitude independent of the position within the layer, is researched in cases of self-defocusing and self-focusing nonlinearities. Effects caused by the combination of absorption and saturation, such as the shift and extinction of the flat soliton peak, the decrease in the amplitude of the electric field within the nonlinear layer, and the suppression of the multistable behavior of the transmission coefficient in the vicinity of the soliton peaks, are discussed. The present theoretical results are compared and found in good quantitative agreement with previous experimental measurements.

Graphical Abstract
Crystal channeling investigations at medical synchrotron regimes
Authors: Rossi Roberto , Andreazza Attilio , Bauce Matteo , Carbone Antonio , D’Auria Saverio , Garattini Marco , Hall Geoff , Lari Tommaso , Mereghetti Alessio , Pesaresi Mark , Pullia Marco , Valente Paolo , Variola Alessandro , Zanzottera Riccardo , Scandale Walter 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAn experimental setup to investigate ion channeling in the hundreds MeV/u energy range is described. A short bent crystal, aligned to the incoming beam by an angular actuator, should deflect ions into a single plane pixel detector used to identify channeled and unchanneled particles. In order to enhance the footprint of channeling on the recorded signals, the incoming particle emittance is tailored on the crystalline plane acceptance by means of massive collimators. Numerical simulations of low energy carbon ions are performed with FLUKA to fully understand the measurement conditions demonstrate the feasibility of the test, to be performed in the experimental room of the National Center for Oncological Hadrontherapy accelerator complex in Pavia, Italy.