bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antibiotic Metabolites from the Coral‐Associated Actinomycete Streptomyces sp. OUCMDZ‐1703
Authors: Fu Peng , Kong Fandong , Wang Yuanfei , Wang Yi , Liu Peipei , Zuo Guoying , Zhu Weiming 
Published: January 2013

AbstractFrom the oligotrophic culture of a soft coral‐associated actinomycetes strain, Streptomyces sp. OUCMDZ‐1703, we isolated and identified two new chlorinated polyketides that we named strepchloritides A and B (1 and 2), three thiazole derivatives known as watasemycin A (3), pulicatin G (4) and aerugine (5), along with pyrrole‐2‐carboxamide, furan‐2‐carboxamide and 1‐(3,5‐dihydroxyphenyl)ethanone. The new structures of 1 and 2 were determined by spectroscopic studies such as 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR and MS analyses, while the known compounds were identified by comparison of the NMR data with those in literatures. The results showed that actinomycete strain OUCMDZ‐1703 could use the relative high ratio of chlorine in the oligotrophic medium to synthesize chlorinated natural products. New compounds 1 and 2 displayed cytotoxicity against the MCF‐7 cells with IC50 values of 9.9 and 20.2 µmol·L−1, respectively. Thiazole derivatives 3 and 5 were first found to be active against three clinical strains of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA082, MRSA111 and MRSA234) with the same MIC/MBC values of 7.81/7.81 µg·mL−1.
Rate of sodium chloride attrition fragment generation in a mixed‐suspension crystallizer
Authors: Mueansichai T. , Flood A. E. , Stelzer T. , Ulrich J. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAttrition of crystals in industrial crystallization is the major source of secondary nucleation and has strong effects on product quality. This work describes attrition in industrial crystallizers using an empirical engineering model based on dimensionless groups describing crystal properties, suspension properties, and crystallizer geometry and operating conditions. Here the attrition rate of sodium chloride crystals in a small scale mixed‐suspension crystallizer is studied, varying the following parameters: impeller speed, parent crystal size, suspension density, draft‐tube impeller clearance, off‐bottom impeller clearance, impeller type, and impeller material. It was found that the attrition rate depends on most of the variables investigated. The direction of the dependence is predictable based on intuitive modeling. An empirical power law model based on dimensionless groups predicted by Buckingham‐Pi theory (using variables mentioned above) gives a good fit to the data.
Sources of mercury in a contaminated stream—implications for the timescale of recovery
Authors: Southworth George , Mathews Teresa , Greeley Mark , Peterson Mark , Brooks Scott , Ketelle Dick 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Mercury contamination in East Fork Poplar Creek in Tennessee arises from dissolved mercury exiting a headwater industrial complex and residual mercury in the streambed and soil throughout the watershed downstream. The headwater inputs generate chronic base flow concentrations of total mercury of about 1,000 ng/L, but most of the annual export of mercury from the system appears to originate farther downstream. Effective targeting of remedial efforts requires determining how long downstream sources might continue to contaminate the system following elimination of the headwater mercury inputs. The authors calculations suggest that (1) contaminated soils and sediments account for &gt;80% of the annual mercury export from the entire watershed, with most export occurring during wet weather events; (2) bank erosion and resuspension of streambed particulates are the major mercury sources maintaining high annual mercury export rates; and (3) the inventory of particle-associated mercury in the streambed was not large enough to sustain the estimated export rates for more than a few years. The authors findings imply that to prevent waterborne mercury contamination in this system from continuing for decades, remedial actions will have to control the headwater mercury source that sustains day-to-day base flow mercury concentrations and the riparian stream-bank sources that generate most of the mercury export from the system. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013;32:764–772. © 2013 SETAC
Ebullition rates and mercury concentrations in St. Lawrence river sediments and a benthic invertebrate
Authors: Razavi N. Roxanna , Ridal Jeffrey J. , de Wit William , Hickey M. Brian C. , Campbell Linda M. , Hodson Peter V. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Ebullition, the release of gas from anaerobic decomposition in sediments, was recorded in a mercury-contaminated depositional zone (Zone 1) of the St. Lawrence River Area of Concern in Cornwall, Ontario, Canada. The aim of the present study was to test if this disturbance affected the bioavailability of total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) in surficial sediments to a benthic invertebrate (Echinogammarus ischnus). Ebullition rates ranged from &lt;1 to 2,800 ml/m2 daily, with methane gas comprising 29 to 84% of the total. No direct effects of ebullition were found on either abiotic (sediment or pore water THg or MeHg concentrations) or biotic (amphipod THg or MeHg concentrations) variables measured. Instead, amphipod MeHg concentrations were best predicted by pore water THg and MeHg concentrations, organic matter of surficial sediments, and water depth and location. Trend surface analyses demonstrated that a shallow, southwestern part of Zone 1 was most contaminated with pore water mercury, which decreased in a gradient toward the northeast. Further study is needed to determine if the amount of sediment resuspended by ebullition affects the spatial distribution of mercury. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013;32:857–865. © 2013 SETAC
Influence of gender and age on cognitive inhibition in late‐onset depression: a case‐control study
Authors: Richard‐Devantoy S. , Deguigne F. , Annweiler C. , Letourneau G. , Beauchet O. 
Published: January 2013

ObjectiveTo compare cognitive inhibition performance between people with early‐onset (EOD) or late‐onset depression (LOD) and controls, and between women and men with LOD.MethodsOn the basis of a case‐control design, global executive performance (Frontal Assessment Battery); verbal (Hayling), attention (Stroop), and motor (Go/No‐Go) components of cognitive inhibition; mental shifting (Trail Making Test parts A and B); and updating in working memory (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale) were assessed in 40 participants (10 depressed women with LOD (i.e., ≥60 years old), 10 depressed women with EOD (i.e., <60 years old), 10 healthy women and 10 depressed men with LOD (i.e., ≥60 years old)).ResultsOlder depressed women, irrespective of age of depression onset, had greater cognitive inhibition impairments (attention and verbal component) compared with healthy women. LOD was significantly associated with the attention component of cognitive inhibition impairment, unlike EOD (p = 0.026). No executive differences were found regarding age of first‐onset depression in older depressed women, and between women and men with LOD.ConclusionCognitive inhibition impairment, and more specifically its attention component, was the main characteristic of depression in the studied sample of older adults, independently of gender and age of depression onset. It is essential to perform similar studies in both genders in view of future tailor‐made therapeutic modalities. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluating cumulative effects of anthropogenic inputs in Prince Edward Island estuaries using the mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus)
Authors: Finley Megan A , Courtenay Simon C , Teather Kevin L , Hewitt L Mark , Holdway DA , Hogan Natacha S , van den Heuvel Michael R 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Estuarine eutrophication as a result of agricultural land use, including the use of chemical fertilizers, is increasing worldwide. Prince Edward Island (PEI), Canada has very high agricultural intensity by international standards with approximately 44% of the land area under production, and some watersheds in excess of 75% agricultural land-use. The type of agriculture is also intensive with primarily row crops that have high chemical fertilizer and pesticide usage. In light of these stressors, the hypothesis of this study was that mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus) population parameters would change with point and nonpoint source pollution, and that multivariate statistics could be used to draw associations with specific stressors. Fish were sampled on a monthly basis from May through August at 7 estuaries spanning a range of land use, nutrient, and contaminant loadings. A suite of environmental variables were simplified into 3 principal components: PC1 representing agricultural land use, N loading, and plant habitat, PC2 being dominated by sediment sand and silt distribution, and PC3 largely reflecting P loading and sediment organic matter. There were significant differences in abundance of both adult and young-of-the-year mummichog, and these changes associated most strongly with PC1, the largely N-driven agricultural influences. In contrast, somatic variables such as liver and gonad size did not show strong association with the environmental quality principal component scores. The sand and silt PC2 appeared to have the opposite association with the biological data, with siltier environments correlating to older, larger, less dense populations of mummichog. Although pesticide residues were detected in estuarine sediment, there was no clear relationship between these and watershed agricultural intensity or biochemical indicators. There was, however, a strong relationship between agricultural environmental variables (PC1) and in vitro steroid production that is suggestive of a potential chemical effect. Eutrophication appeared to be a primary stressor affecting mummichog populations, as nutrient enrichment was associated with changes in habitat variables and these in turn were associated with high mummichog density. Thus, mummichog population demographics appear to have use as an indicator of adverse or worsening conditions in estuaries. We concluded that, based on the subset of environmental factors evaluated, the nonpoint–source inputs of sediments and nutrients exerted the greatest influence on mummichog populations in PEI estuaries. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2013;9:496–507. © 2013 SETAC
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate as an endogenous modulator of the amyloid‐β precursor protein metabolism
Authors: Canepa Elisa , Domenicotti Cinzia , Marengo Barbara , Passalacqua Mario , Marinari Umberto M. , Pronzato Maria A. , Fedele Ernesto , Ricciarelli Roberta 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBesides playing a pathogenic role in Alzheimer disease, amyloid‐beta peptides are normally produced in low amounts in the brain, and several lines of evidence suggest that they can modulate synaptic plasticity and memory. As cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is known to be involved in the same processes and the blockade of its degradation by phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors has consistently shown beneficial effects on cognition, we investigated the possible correlation between this second messenger and Aβ peptides in neuronal N2a cells overexpressing the amyloid‐β precursor protein (APP). We herein report that the elevation of endogenous cAMP by rolipram increased APP protein expression and both its amyloidogenic and nonamyloidogenic processing. The effects of rolipram were reproduced by both the cAMP membrane‐permeant analog 8Br‐cAMP and the forskolin‐induced activation of adenylyl cyclase but were not affected by the PKA inhibitor H‐89. Our results demonstrate that, in neuronal cells, APP metabolism is physiologically modulated by cAMP and suggest that this might represent an additional mechanism through which the second messenger could influence memory functions. © 2013 IUBMB Life, 65(2)127–133, 2013
DIVORCE LAW REFORMS AND DIVORCE RATES IN THE USA: AN INTERACTIVE FIXED‐EFFECTS APPROACH
Authors: Kim Dukpa , Oka Tatsushi 
Published: January 2013

SUMMARYThis paper estimates the effects of unilateral divorce laws on divorce rates in the USA from a panel of state‐level divorce rates. We use the interactive fixed‐effects model to address the issue of endogeneity due to the association between cross‐state unobserved heterogeneity and divorce law reforms. We document that earlier studies in the literature do not fully control for unobserved heterogeneity and result in mixed empirical evidence on the effects of divorce law reforms. While reconciling these conflicting results, our results suggest that divorce law reforms have temporal positive effects on divorce rates, thus confirming the 2006 findings of Wolfers. Via simulation experiments, we assess the degree to which faulty inclusion or faulty exclusion of interactive fixed effects affects the policy effect estimators. Our results suggest that faulty inclusion only results in efficiency loss whereas faulty exclusion causes bias. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of the α7 subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in the acute toxicosis of methyllycaconitine in mice
Authors: Welch K. D. , Green B. T. , Panter K. E. , Pfister J. A. , Gardner D. R. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTThe adverse physiological effects of methyllycaconitine (MLA) have been attributed to its competitive antagonism of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Recent research suggested a correlation between the lethal dose (LD50) of MLA and the amount of α7 nAChR in various mouse strains, suggesting that mice with more α7 nAChR require more MLA to be poisoned. The objective of this study was to characterize the role of the α7 subunit in the acute toxicosis of MLA by evaluating the acute toxicity of MLA in mice lacking the α7 subunit. The LD50 values for MLA were 4.2 ± 0.9, 3.7 ± 1.1 and 3.3 ± 0.9 mg kg–1 body weight (BW) for wild‐type, heterozygous knockout and homozygous knockout mice, respectively. We also evaluated the response of anabasine in these mice. The LD50 values for anabasine were 1.6 ± 0.3, 2.0 ± 0.4 and 1.8 ± 0.3 mg kg–1 BW for wild‐type, heterozygous knockout and homozygous knockout mice, respectively. The protein expresson of various nAChR subunits was compared to determine if mice lacking the α7 subunit compensate by over expressing other nAChR subunits. There were no significant differences in the protein expression of the α3, α4, α5, β2 and β4 subunits amongst the three genotypes of mice in brain or skeletal muscle. The results of this study suggest that α7 nAChR does not play an integral role in the acute toxicosis of MLA or anabasine. Consequently other nAChR subunits of nAChRs found in the neuromuscular junction are probably the primary target for MLA and anabasine resulting in acute toxicosis. Published 2013. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Novel synthetic protective compound, KR‐22335, against cisplatin‐induced auditory cell death
Authors: Shin Yoo Seob , Song Suk Jin , Kang SungUn , Hwang Hye Sook , Jung Young‐Sik , Kim Chul‐Ho 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTCisplatin [cis‐diammine‐dichloroplatinum (II)] is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent, and one of its most severe side effects is ototoxicity. In the course of developing a new protective agent against cisplatin‐induced ototoxicity, we have been interested in a novel synthetic compound, 3‐Amino‐3‐(4‐fluoro‐phenyl)‐1H‐quinoline‐2,4‐dione (KR‐22335). We evaluated the effectiveness of KR‐22335 as an otoprotective agent against cisplatin‐induced toxicity. The otoprotective effect of KR‐22335 against cisplatin was tested in vitro in cochlear organs of Corti‐derived cell lines, HEI‐OC1, and in vivo in a zebrafish (Danio rerio) model. Cisplatin‐induced apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and an increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation were demonstrated in HEI‐OC1 cells. KR‐22335 inhibited cisplatin‐induced apoptosis and mitochondrial injury in HEI‐OC1 cells. KR‐22335 inhibited cisplatin‐induced activation of JNK, p‐38, caspase‐3 and PARP in HEI‐OC1 cells. Scanning and transmission electron micrographs showed that KR‐22335 prevented cisplatin‐induced destruction of kinocilium and stereocilia in zebrafish neuromasts. Tissue TUNEL of neuromasts in zebrafish demonstrated that KR‐22335 blocked cisplatin‐induced TUNEL positive hair cells in neuromasts. The results of this study suggest that KR‐22335 may prevent ototoxicity caused by the administration of cisplatin through the inhibition of mitochondrial dysfunction and suppression of ROS generation. KR‐22335 may be considered as a potential candidate for protective agents against cisplatin‐induced ototoxicity. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ethylene oxide's role as a reactive agent during sterilization: Effects of polymer composition and device architecture
Authors: Phillip Edward , Murthy N. Sanjeeva , Bolikal Durgadas , Narayanan Pallassana , Kohn Joachim , Lavelle Linda , Bodnar Stanko , Pricer Kurt 
Published: January 2013

Abstractmagnified image Sterilization conditions need to be optimized to effectively neutralize the bioburden while using short exposure times for minimizing the changes in chemical composition, material properties and device architecture. Towards this goal, effects of ethylene oxide (EtO) exposure parameters such as time, temperature, humidity, and EtO concentration on the polymer properties were investigated by monitoring the changes in composition, and the morphology of different types of structures in a family of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)‐containing tyrosine‐derived polycarbonates. EtO was found to esterify the carboxyl groups present in the desaminotyrosyl‐tyrosine groups. Sterilization under conditions more severe than those normally used reduced the glass transition temperature (Tg) and the molecular weight of the polymers, and the presence of PEG in the polymer enhanced this effect. Furthermore, electron micrographs showed that EtO sterilization cycle conditions, even those considered “mild,” were found to damage the fragile structures such as those found in electrospun mats and porous scaffolds. Our study shows that the presence of EtO‐susceptible groups, fusible architecture, and surface morphology should be taken into account in choosing the appropriate EtO sterilization conditions. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2013.
Some case studies on application of “rm2” metrics for judging quality of quantitative structure–activity relationship predictions: Emphasis on scaling of response data
Authors: Roy Kunal , Chakraborty Pratim , Mitra Indrani , Ojha Probir Kumar , Kar Supratik , Das Rudra Narayan 
Published: January 2013

AbstractQuantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) techniques have found wide application in the fields of drug design, property modeling, and toxicity prediction of untested chemicals. A rigorous validation of the developed models plays the key role for their successful application in prediction for new compounds. The rm2 metrics introduced by Roy et al. have been extensively used by different research groups for validation of regression‐based QSAR models. This concept has been further advanced here with introduction of scaling of response data prior to computation of rm2. Further, a web application (accessible from http://aptsoftware.co.in/rmsquare/ and http://203.200.173.43:8080/rmsquare/) for calculation of the rm2 metrics has been introduced here. The present study reports that the web application can be easily used for computation of rm2 metrics provided observed and QSAR‐predicted data for a set of compounds are available. Further, scaling of response data is recommended prior to rm2 calculation. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Epstein–barr virus associated acute hepatitis with cross‐reacting antibodies to other herpes viruses in immunocompetent patients: Report of two cases
Authors: Gupta Ekta , Bhatia Vikram , Choudhary Aashish , Rastogi Archana , Gupta Naveen L. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractEpstein–Barr virus (EBV) is the causative agent of infectious mononucleosis (IM) which is characterized by the triad of fever, sore throat, and lymphadenopathy. Self‐limited, mild liver function test abnormalities are seen in IM. Acute hepatitis in primary EBV infection is uncommon. Serum transaminases are elevated but are less than fivefold the normal levels in most cases and rarely exceed 10 times the normal levels in primary EBV infections especially in elderly. Laboratory diagnosis of acute EBV infection is by serological assays confirming the presence of EBV viral capsid antigen (VCA) IgM antibodies. Due to antigenic cross‐reactivity with Herpes viruses, serological assays lack specificity; hence specific molecular diagnostic methods are required for confirmation of the etiology. The present report describes two cases of acute hepatitis caused by infection with EBV which had indistinguishable clinical features and biochemical markers from acute hepatitis caused by hepatotropic viruses such as hepatitis viruses A–E. The diagnosis of infection by EBV was confirmed by detection of EBV DNA in blood of both the patients and EBV DNA in the liver tissue of one of the patients. J. Med. Virol. 85:519–523, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prevalence of and risk factors for penile infection by high‐risk human papillomavirus among men infected with HIV
Authors: Figliuolo Giuseppe , Maia Jusimara , Jalkh Alex P. , Miranda Angélica E. , Ferreira Luiz C.L. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis study aimed to determine the prevalence of and risk factors for high‐risk human papillomavirus (HPV) genital infection and precursor lesions of penile cancer among patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In total, 276 men with a mean age of 34.6 years were included. All participants were subjected to peniscopic examination under magnification, collection of genital exfoliated cells for detecting HPV types using Hybrid Capture, and biopsy surgery of clinically observable lesions and aceto‐white areas for histopathological studies. The prevalence of high‐risk HPV types was 43%. Peniscopicy showed clinically visible lesions or aceto‐white areas in 75/276 participants (27%), of which genital warts were the most common (22/75; 29%). HIV‐positive (HIV+) men with CD4+ T‐cell counts <200 cells/mm3 showed a higher prevalence of penile lesions. Multivariate logistic regression was applied to identify independent risk factors for high‐risk HPV types. The results showed that high‐risk HPV was associated with lower education level (OR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.15–3.13), illicit drug use (OR = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.03–3.14), mulatto ethnicity (OR = 2.51, 95% CI: 1.38–4.54), heterosexual orientation (OR = 2.12, 95% CI: 1.30–3.47) symptomatic AIDS (OR = 2.80, 95% CI: 1.65–4.77), AIDS‐associated opportunistic infections (OR = 2.92, 95% CI: 1.78–4.78), on HAART (OR = 2.91, 95% CI: 1.78–4.77), and CD4+ T‐cell count <200 cells/mm3 (OR = 3.31, 95% CI: 1.84–5.96). Immunocompromised men were more susceptible to developing penile lesions associated with high‐risk HPV types. J. Med. Virol. 85:413–418, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.