bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An innovative way to use 3D modeling on burnt bone to differentiate heat fractures from blunt and sharp force trauma
Authors: Friedlander Hanna , Adeeb Samer , Correia Pamela Mayne , Stone Devon , Brooks‐Lim Elizabeth 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAssessments of blunt and sharp force trauma in forensic research are frequently reliant on research with individual long bones. As a result, information on the interpretation of the trauma on irregular bones is limited in unburned bones and an even bigger discrepancy is found if the fracture relates to blunt/sharp force in cremated bone. This research strives to differentiate between traumatic fractures and heat fractures in flat and irregular bones. Five human calottes and five human hemipelves were exposed to either blunt or sharp force trauma and then all were incompletely cremated. One hundred and eighty fractures, representing a mixture of traumatic and heat fractures, were captured using a Keyence VHX‐2000 digital microscope and analysis was done in combination with 3D software, Geomagic Studio 2014 and Geomagic Design X (2016). With virtual reconstructions and reverse engineering facilitated by the software, we were able to discern fracture boundaries, slopes, and variances between fracture types. 3D representation provided the ability to differentiate peri‐mortem trauma from heat fractures based on curvature analysis of fracture walls. Evidence of trauma types (blunt versus sharp) were found to be distinguishable at their impact site based on this curvature examination; however, shallow, secondary or tertiary trauma fractures were difficult to discern from heat fractures. Blunt force trauma impact sites and sharp force trauma impact sites were easily identifiable; secondary trauma fractures were sometimes clearly noted but may be misinterpreted. Overall, deep trauma fractures and heat fractures can be discerned from one another using this technology.This article is categorized under:
Forensic Anthropology > Taphonomic Changes and the Environment
Forensic Anthropology > Trauma Analysis
Forensic Chemistry and Trace Evidence > Fire Debris Analysis
Untangling biliary reconstruction in liver transplants for primary sclerosing cholangitis
Authors: Alwis S. M. , Fink M. A. , Furtado R. , Lee E. , Starkey G. , Jones R. , Perini M. V. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundBiliary reconstruction technique during liver transplant (LT) for primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) remains controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of biliary complications in patients with PSC having a duct‐to‐duct (DD) anastomosis or Roux‐en‐Y hepaticojejunostomy (HJ).MethodsA retrospective medical record review of patients with PSC undergoing LT at a single center between June 1st, 2000 and December 31st, 2022 was performed. Primary and secondary endpoints were the incidence of biliary strictures (anastomotic [BAS] and non‐anastomotic strictures [NAS]) and non‐stricture complications, respectively. Univariable and multivariable regression analyses were performed to identify associations with BAS formation. Patient survival was assessed using a Kaplan–Meier curve.ResultsFrom 105 transplants performed for 101 patients, 54 (51.4%) and 51 (48.5%) received DD and HJ anastomoses. Mean recipient age and follow‐up was 47 ± 13 years and 98 ± 69 months. BAS was more common (48.1% vs. 27.5%, OR 2.45, 95% CI 1.09–5.54, p = 0.03) and occurred earlier (4.8 months, IQR 2.3–13.1 vs. 41.8 months, IQR 7.2–88.7, p = 0.001) in the DD than the HJ group. NAS (seen in 36.2% of transplants) had a comparable incidence (p = 0.53) in HJ (38.9%) and DD (33.3%) groups. No difference was seen between cohorts regarding time to NAS, requirement for extended biliary dilatation programs (clinically significant biliary stricture), bile leak, and graft failure. On multivariable analysis, only the anastomotic technique was associated with BAS (DD adjusted OR 3.00, 95% CI 1.19–7.56, p = 0.02).ConclusionIn carefully selected patients with PSC, DD anastomosis yielded similar outcomes to HJ anastomosis after liver transplantation.
AsTeRICS Grid: Why Freely Accessible Software is Needed for Democratizing AAC in the Long Term
Authors: Klaus Benjamin , Aigner Benjamin , Deinhofer Martin , Sabic Alija , Veigl Christoph 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAround 97 million people in the world could benefit from Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC), but according to the WHO and other organizations, access to digital AAC resources is very limited, especially in low-income countries. Free AAC software could help to improve this situation, but many existing “free” applications are either behind a paywall or not published under a free licence. We therefore propose a novel definition of “freely accessible software” for AAC, which can truly be used by anyone. AsTeRICS Grid (AG) is a feature-rich, grid-based AAC web application which has been developed based on the feedback of AAC users from around the world. The single-page architecture and offline capability of AG reduce the required server resources and human workload for maintenance, so that the service can remain freely accessible in the long term. We conducted an online survey which was completed by 277 participants, to examine the current usage context of AG. Most answers came from professionals (78%) who had previously used other AAC apps. Open questions were asked about advantages and disadvantages of AG, with free accessibility being rated most positively and the lack of certain features being rated most negatively. Examples from the past show that “free” AAC applications (that are not “freely accessible software”) have either disappeared or become chargeable. AsTeRICS Grid shows how the conditions for free AAC can be created and how these concepts can be implemented sustainably.
Emergence of R4-terms in M-theory
Authors: Blumenhagen Ralph , Cribiori Niccolò , Gligovic Aleksandar , Paraskevopoulou Antonia 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
It has been recently suggested that the strong Emergence Proposal is realized in M-theory limits by integrating out all light towers of states with a typical mass scale not larger than the species scale, i.e. the eleventh dimensional Planck mass. Within the BPS sector, these are transverse M2- and M5-branes, that can be wrapped and particle-like, carrying Kaluza-Klein momentum along the compact directions. We provide additional evidence for this picture by revisiting and investigating further the computation of R4-interactions in M-theory à la Green-Gutperle-Vanhove. A central aspect is a novel UV-regularization of Schwinger-like integrals, whose actual meaning and power we clarify by first applying it to string perturbation theory. We consider then toroidal compactifications of M-theory and provide evidence that integrating out all light towers of states via Schwinger-like integrals thus regularized yields the complete result for R4-interactions. In particular, this includes terms that are tree-level, one-loop and space-time instanton corrections from the weakly coupled point of view. Finally, we comment on the conceptual difference of our approach to earlier closely related work by Kiritsis-Pioline and Obers-Pioline, leading to a correspondence between two types of constrained Eisenstein series.
Lightcone and quasi distribution amplitudes for light octet and decuplet baryons
Authors: Han Chao , Wang Wei , Zeng Jun , Zhang Jia-Lu 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We present a comprehensive investigation of leading-twist lightcone distribution amplitudes (LCDAs) and quasi distribution amplitudes (quasi-DAs) for light octet and decuplet baryons within large momentum effective theory. In LaMET, LCDAs can be factorized in terms of a hard kernel and quasi-DAs that are defined as spatial correlators and calculable on Lattice QCD. To renormalize quasi-DAs and eliminate the singular terms ln($$ {\mu}^2{z}_i^2 $$

μ
2

z
i
2

) in them, which undermine the efficacy in perturbative expansion, we adopt a hybrid renormalization scheme that combines the self-renormalization and ratio scheme. Through self-renormalization, we eliminate UV divergences and linear divergences at large spatial separations in quasi distribution amplitudes without introducing additional nonperturbative effects. By taking a ratio with respect to the zero-momentum matrix element, we effectively remove UV divergences at small spatial separations. Under the hybrid renormalization scheme, we calculate the hard kernels up to one-loop accuracy. It turns out that only four different hard kernels are needed for all leading-twist LCDAs of octet and decuplet baryons. These results are crucial for the lattice-based exploration of the LCDAs of a light baryon from the first principle of QCD.
$$ t\overline{t}b\overline{b} $$ at NLO precision in a variable flavor number scheme
Authors: Ferencz Lars , Höche Stefan , Katzy Judith , Siegert Frank 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Top-quark pair production in association with two b-jets is computed at next-to-leading order QCD precision, including effects of the b-quark mass, and matched to a $$ t\overline{t} $$
t

t
¯

+jets simulation in a variable flavor number scheme. The Monte Carlo realization of this method, called fusing, consistently embeds the four-flavor calculation in a particle-level event generator. As a first phenomenological application, we present observables relevant to the data-driven estimation of irreducible backgrounds to $$ t\overline{t}H $$
t

t
¯

H
-production.
Integral of depth zero to three basis of Modular Graph Functions
Authors: Doroudiani Mehregan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Modular Graph Functions (MGFs) are SL(2,ℤ)-invariant functions that emerge in the study of the low-energy expansion of the one-loop closed string amplitude. To find the string scattering amplitude, we must integrate MGFs over the moduli space of the torus. In this paper, we use the iterated integral representation of MGFs to establish a depth-dependent basis for them, where “depth” refers to the number of iterations in the integral. This basis has a suitable Laplace equation. We integrate this basis from depth zero to depth three over the fundamental domain of SL(2,ℤ) with a cut-off.
The Freudenthal and other compactifications of continuous frames
Authors: Mthethwa Simo , Nogwebela Gugulethu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe N-star compactifications of frames are the frame-theoretic counterpart of the N-point compactifications of locally compact Hausdorff spaces. A $$\pi $$
π
-compactification of a frame L is a compactification constructed using a special type of a basis called a $$\pi $$
π
-compact basis; the Freudenthal compactification is the largest $$\pi $$
π
-compactification of a rim-compact frame. As one of the main results, we show that the Freudenthal compactification of a regular continuous frame is the least upper bound for the set of all N-star compactifications. A compactification whose right adjoint preserves disjoint binary joins is called perfect. We establish a class of frames for which N-star compactifications are always perfect. For the class of zero-dimensional frames, we construct a compactification which is isomorphic to the Banaschewski compactification and the Freudenthal compactification; in some special case, this compactification is isomorphic to the Stone–Čech compactification.
Protein SUMOylation promotes cAMP-independent EPAC1 activation
Authors: Yang Wenli , Mei Fang C. , Lin Wei , White Mark A. , Li Li , Li Yue , Pan Sheng , Cheng Xiaodong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractProtein SUMOylation is a prevalent stress-response posttranslational modification crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis. Herein, we report that protein SUMOylation modulates cellular signaling mediated by cAMP, an ancient and universal stress-response second messenger. We identify K561 as a primary SUMOylation site in exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (EPAC1) via site-specific mapping of SUMOylation using mass spectrometry. Sequence and site-directed mutagenesis analyses reveal that a functional SUMO-interacting motif in EPAC1 is required for the binding of SUMO-conjugating enzyme UBC9, formation of EPAC1 nuclear condensate, and EPAC1 cellular SUMOylation. Heat shock-induced SUMO modification of EPAC1 promotes Rap1/2 activation in a cAMP-independent manner. Structural modeling and molecular dynamics simulation studies demonstrate that SUMO substituent on K561 of EPAC1 promotes Rap1 interaction by increasing the buried surface area between the SUMOylated receptor and its effector. Our studies identify a functional SUMOylation site in EPAC1 and unveil a novel mechanism in which SUMOylation of EPAC1 leads to its autonomous activation. The findings of SUMOylation-mediated activation of EPAC1 not only provide new insights into our understanding of cellular regulation of EPAC1 but also will open up a new field of experimentation concerning the cross-talk between cAMP/EPAC1 signaling and protein SUMOylation, two major cellular stress response pathways, during cellular homeostasis.
Existence of Local Solutions to a Free Boundary Problem for Incompressible Viscous Magnetohydrodynamics
Authors: Kacprzyk Piotr , Zaja̧czkowski Wojciech M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe consider the motion of an incompressible magnetohydrodynamics with resistivity in a domain bounded by a free surface which is coupled through the free surface with an electromagnetic field generated by a magnetic field prescribed on an exterior fixed boundary. On the free surface, transmission conditions for the electromagnetic field are imposed. As transmission condition we assume jumps of tangent components of magnetic and electric fields on the free surface. We prove local existence of solutions such that velocity and magnetic fields belong to $$H^{2+\alpha ,1+\alpha /2}$$

H

2
+
α
,
1
+
α
/
2

, $$\alpha >5/8$$

α
>
5
/
8

.
Unraveling psilocybin’s therapeutic potential: behavioral and neuroplasticity insights in Wistar-Kyoto and Wistar male rat models of treatment-resistant depression
Authors: Kolasa Magdalena , Nikiforuk Agnieszka , Korlatowicz Agata , Solich Joanna , Potasiewicz Agnieszka , Dziedzicka-Wasylewska Marta , Bugno Ryszard , Hogendorf Adam , Bojarski Andrzej , Faron-Górecka Agata 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Rationale
Our study aimed to unravel the unknown mechanisms behind the exceptional efficacy of Psilocybin (PSI) in treating treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Focusing on Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats with a TRD phenotype and Wistar (WIS) rats as a normative comparison, we investigated behavioral and neuroplasticity-related responses to PSI, striving to shed light on the distinctive features of its antidepressant effects.

Objectives
We set out to assess the behavioral impact of acute and prolonged PSI administration on WKY and WIS rats, employing Novel Object Recognition (NORT), Social Interaction (SI), and Forced Swimming Test (FST). Our secondary objectives involved exploring strain-specific alterations in neuroplasticity-related parameters, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc).

Methods
Conducting post-acute and extended assessments after a single PSI administration, we applied behavioral tests and biochemical analyses to measure serum BDNF levels and neuroplasticity-related parameters in the prefrontal cortex. Statistical analyses were deployed to discern significant differences between the rat strains and assess the impact of PSI on behavioral and biochemical outcomes.

Results
Our findings uncovered significant behavioral disparities between WKY and WIS rats, indicating passive behavior and social withdrawal in the former. PSI demonstrated pronounced pro-social and antidepressant effects in both strains, each with its distinctive temporal trajectory. Notably, we identified strain-specific variations in BDNF-related signaling and observed the modulation of Arc expression in WKY rats.

Conclusions
Our study delineated mood-related behavioral nuances between WKY and WIS rat strains, underscoring the antidepressant and pro-social properties of PSI in both groups. The distinct temporal patterns of observed changes and the identified strain-specific neuroplasticity alterations provide valuable insights into the TRD phenotype and the mechanisms underpinning the efficacy of PSI.
Binding studies of promethazine and its metabolites with human serum albumin by high-performance affinity chromatography and molecular docking in the presence of codeine
Authors: Coelho Maria Miguel , Lima Rita , Almeida Ana Sofia , Fernandes Pedro Alexandrino , Remião Fernando , Fernandes Carla , Tiritan Maria Elizabeth 
Published: July 2024

Abstract“Purple Drank”, a soft drink containing promethazine (PMZ) and codeine (COD), has gained global popularity for its hallucinogenic effects. Consuming large amounts of this combination can lead to potentially fatal events. The binding of these drugs to plasma proteins can exacerbate the issue by increasing the risk of drug interactions, side effects, and/or toxicity. Herein, the binding affinity to human serum albumin (HSA) of PMZ and its primary metabolites [N-desmethyl promethazine (DMPMZ) and promethazine sulphoxide (PMZSO)], along with COD, was investigated by high-performance affinity chromatography (HPAC) though zonal approach. PMZ and its metabolites exhibited a notable binding affinity for HSA (%b values higher than 80%), while COD exhibited a %b value of 65%. To discern the specific sites of HSA to which these compounds were bound, displacement experiments were performed using warfarin and (S)-ibuprofen as probes for sites I and II, respectively, which revealed that all analytes were bound to both sites. Molecular docking studies corroborated the experimental results, reinforcing the insights gained from the empirical data. The in silico data also suggested that competition between PMZ and its metabolites with COD can occur in both sites of HSA, but mainly in site II. As the target compounds are chiral, the enantioselectivity for HSA binding was also explored, showing that the binding for these compounds was not enantioselective.
A pilot longitudinal study of decrease in cognitive functions during the most painful day of the period among women with primary dysmenorrhea
Authors: Kluska Julia , Malinowska Ewa , Kowalski Joachim 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Painful menstruation is a common problem associated with many limitations in day-to-day functioning. There is limited research on the temporary effects of menstrual pain on cognitive functioning.

Methods
A longitudinal pilot study was conducted. A group of 32 women was tested with the Brief Test of Adult Cognition by Telephone (BTACT), which consists of 7 tests measuring various cognitive functions. Participants were tested both on a regular, pain-free day and the most painful day of their period.

Results
The subjects displayed significantly lower results in several domains of cognitive functions during measurement on the most painful day of the period. We observed a decline in inhibitory and cognitive control, attention functioning and processing speed.

Conclusions
The results provide tentative evidence for experiencing cognitive difficulties under the influence of menstrual pain and may contribute to raising awareness about related difficulties.
Forensic age estimation by MRI of the knee – comparison of two classifications for ossification stages in a German population
Authors: Malokaj V , MF Wernsing , SN Kunz , Beer M , Daniel Vogele 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Aim and objectives
In forensic age estimation e.g. for judicial proceedings surpassed age thresholds can be legally relevant. To examine age related differences in skeletal development the recommendations by the Study Group on Forensic Age Diagnostics (AGFAD) are based on ionizing radiation (among others orthopantomograms, plain x-rays of the hand). Vieth et al. and Ottow et al. proposed MRI-classifications for the epiphyseal-diaphyseal fusion of the knee joint to define different age groups in healthy volunteers. The aim of the present study was to directly compare these two classifications in a large German patient population.

Materials and methods
MRI of the knee joint of 900 patients (405 female, 495 male) from 10 to 28 years of age were retrospectively analyzed. Acquired T1-weighted turbo spin-echo sequence (TSE) and T2-weighted sequence with fat suppression by turbo inversion recovery magnitude (TIRM) were analyzed for the two classifications. The different bony fusion stages of the two classifications were determined and the corresponding chronological ages assigned. Differences between the sexes were analyzed. Intra- and inter-observer agreements were determined using Cohen’s kappa.

Results
With the classification of Ottow et al. it was possible to determine completion of the 18th and 21st year of life in both sexes. With the classification of Vieth et al. completion of the 18th year of life for female patients and the 14th and 21st year of life in both sexes could be determined. The intra- and inter-observer agreement levels were very good (κ > 0.82).

Conclusion
In the large German patient cohort of this study it was possible to determine the 18th year of life with for both sexes with the classification of Ottow et al. and for female patients with the classification of Vieth et al. It was also possible to determine the 21st year of life for all bones with the classification of Ottow et al. and for the distal femur with the classification of Vieth et al.
Systematic review-based guideline “Parkinson’s disease” of the German Society of Neurology: diagnostic use of transcranial sonography
Authors: Walter Uwe , Loewenbrück Kai F. , Dodel Richard , Storch Alexander , Trenkwalder Claudia , Höglinger Günter ,   for the German Parkinson Guideline Group
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background and objective
Transcranial brain parenchyma sonography (TCS) has been recommended as a tool for the early and differential diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) in German and European clinical guidelines. Still, the brain structures to be examined for the diagnostic questions and the requirements for being a qualified investigator were not specified in detail. These issues have now been addressed in the 2023 update of the clinical guideline on PD by the German Society of Neurology (DGN).

Methods
The recommendations were based on a systematic literature review following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines.

Results
Three diagnostic questions were defined: (1) What is the accuracy of TCS in the differential diagnosis of PD versus atypical and secondary Parkinsonian syndromes? (2) What is the accuracy of TCS in the differential diagnosis of PD versus essential tremor? (3) What is the accuracy of TCS in the diagnosis of PD in persons with typical early symptoms, compared with the diagnosis established by clinical follow-up? The brain structures to be assessed and the level of recommendation were formulated for these questions. The training requirements for being regarded as qualified TCS investigator were stipulated by the responsible medical societies (German Society of Ultrasound in Medicine, DEGUM; German Society for Clinical Neurophysiology and Functional Imaging, DGKN). Finally, the recommendations for these diagnostic questions reached strong consensus (each ≥ 97%) of the guideline committee. Here, the details of review and recommendations are presented.

Conclusion
The updated guideline clarifies the diagnostic uses and limitations of TCS in PD.