bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Losartan, an angiotensin type I receptor antagonist, improves conduit vessel endothelial function in Type II diabetes
Authors: CHEETHAM Craig , O'DRISCOLL Gerard , STANTON Kim , TAYLOR Roger , GREEN Daniel 
Published: August 2015

We have demonstrated previously that inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) with enalapril and angiotensin II blockade with losartan improve acetylcholine-dependent endothelial function in resistance vessels of patients with Type II diabetes. It was therefore of interest to examine the effect of losartan on conduit vessel function in this group. The influence of losartan (50 mg daily for 4 weeks) on endothelium-dependent and -independent vasodilator function was determined in 12 subjects with Type II diabetes using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover protocol. Conduit vessel endothelial function was assessed using high-resolution ultrasound and the brachial artery response to reactive hyperaemia (flow-mediated dilation; FMD); glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) was used as a non-endothelium-dependent dilator. Losartan administration significantly increased the FMD response from 5.2±0.7% (mean±S.E.M.) to 7.4±0.6% of vessel diameter (P &lt; 0.05; paired t-test). There was no effect of losartan on the endothelium-independent responses to GTN (17.8±1.8% to 17.6±1.2%). Consistent with our previous findings in resistance vessels, administration of 50 mg of losartan daily improves NO-mediated dilation in the conduit vessels of subjects with Type II diabetes. Together with the findings that both ACE inhibition and angiotensin II blockade improve resistance vessel function in this group, it is likely that at least some of the beneficial effect is mediated through the angiotensin II/type 1 receptor pathway. A type 1 receptor antagonist seems a reasonable alternative to an ACE inhibitor to maintain conduit vessel endothelial function in Type II diabetic subjects.
Thrombosis in one coronary artery causes generalized coronary vasoconstriction in a dog model of unstable angina
Authors: MANSARAY Mohammed , HYND John W. , VERGROESEN Isobel , BELCHER Philip R. , DRAKE-HOLLAND Angela J. , NOBLE Mark I. M. 
Published: August 2015

We investigated the effect of thrombosis in one coronary artery upon the vascular resistance of another coronary artery. In previous investigations, using an animal model of unstable angina, we have observed increased resistance downstream from thrombus within a left circumflex coronary artery (LCx) stenosis and vasoconstriction of collateral vessels from the left anterior descending artery (LAD) supplying the distal LCx vascular bed. In the present paper, we induced thrombosis within a stenosis of the LCx of 16 beagle dogs, and observed the changes in blood flow to the myocardium supplied by the LAD using the radioactive microsphere technique. This blood flow decreased with thrombosis (P = 0.005) in these animals, whereas it did not do so in three time-control experiments. The pressures across the coronary vascular bed, i.e. arterial pressure to coronary venous pressure (coronary sinus catheter), did not change. Thus the vascular resistance of the LAD bed increased significantly from 147±ll.5 mmHg/ml/sec/g of tissue to 172±13.4 mmHg/ml/sec/g of tissue (P = 0.02). As the LAD territory is not perfused with blood from the artery containing thrombus, we conclude that the effect observed is caused either by release of vasoconstrictors from the thrombus into the general circulation, or by activation of a neural reflex vasoconstriction. The study suggests that unstable angina involving thrombosis in one coronary artery is a global coronary vascular disease.
Assessment of regional long-axis function during dobutamine echocardiography
Authors: CAIN Peter , MARWICK Thomas H. , CASE Colin , BAGLIN Terri , DART Jared , SHORT Leanne , OLSTAD Bjorn 
Published: August 2015

Echocardiographic analysis of regional left ventricular function is based upon the assessment of radial motion. Long-axis motion is an important contributor to overall function, but has been difficult to evaluate clinically until the recent development of tissue Doppler techniques. We sought to compare the standard visual assessment of radial motion with quantitative tissue Doppler measurement of peak systolic velocity, timing and strain rate (SRI) in 104 patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease undergoing dobutamine stress echocardiography (DbE). A standard DbE protocol was used with colour tissue Doppler images acquired in digital ciné-loop format. Peak systolic velocity (PSV), time to peak velocity (TPV) and SRI were assessed off-line by an independent operator. Wall motion was assessed by an experienced reader. Mean PSV, TPV and SRI values were compared with wall motion and the presence of coronary artery disease by angiography. A further analysis included assessing the extent of jeopardized myocardium by comparing average values of PSV, TPV and SRI against the previously validated angiographic score. Segments identified as having normal and abnormal radial wall motion showed significant differences in mean PSV (7.9±3.8 and 5.9±3.3 cm/s respectively; P < 0.001), TPV (84±40 and 95±48 ms respectively; P = 0.005) and SRI (-1.45±0.5 and -1.1±0.9 s-1 respectively; P < 0.001). The presence of a stenosed subtending coronary artery was also associated with significant differences from normally perfused segments for mean PSV (8.1±3.4 compared with 5.7±3.7 cm/s; P < 0.001), TPV (78±50 compared with 92±45 ms; P < 0.001) and SRI (-1.35±0.5 compared with -1.20±0.4 s-1; P = 0.05). PSV, TPV and SRI also varied significantly according to the extent of jeopardized myocardium within a vascular territory. These results suggest that peak systolic velocity, timing of contraction and SRI reflect the underlying physiological characteristics of the regional myocardium during DbE, and may potentially allow objective analysis of wall motion.
Influence of posture on the Valsalva manoeuvre
Authors: SINGER Wolfgang , OPFER-GEHRKING Tonette L. , MCPHEE Benjamin R. , HILZ Max J. , LOW Phillip A. 
Published: August 2015

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of posture on the responses of blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) to the Valsalva manoeuvre (VM). Neurohumoral activation, as well as changes in intravascular and intracardiac volumes and pressures, are well known effects of orthostatic stress. These changes are likely to have significant effects on cardiovascular reflexes, such as the response to the VM. However, the influence of posture on the VM has not been intensively evaluated, except for a few studies involving small sex- and age-selected case series. We therefore investigated the effects of posture on the VM in a larger non-selected group of healthy control subjects. In 19 healthy volunteers (ten female/nine male; age range 20–72 years, mean age 43 years), two reproducible VMs (40 mmHg; 15 s) were performed after 10 min of supine rest, 10 min of sitting and 10 min of standing. HR and BP were monitored continuously. End-diastolic volume, total peripheral resistance and cardiac output were calculated at baseline for each position. We found that assuming an upright position resulted in increases in total peripheral resistance and HR, accompanied by decreases in end-diastolic volume and cardiac output. The fall in BP during early phase II and the BP overshoot during phase IV were clearly more pronounced with increasing orthostatic stress, whereas the rise in BP during late phase II remained unchanged; pulse pressure was more compressed during phase II, but higher during phase IV. The Valsalva ratio was not significantly affected, but baroreflex gain (calculated from early phase II) was significantly decreased in the upright position. While a reduced late phase II was observed on one occasion in each of the lying and sitting positions, three abnormal responses were observed during standing. We conclude that posture has a significant influence on BP responses to the VM, probably resulting from changes in the intrathoracic blood volume. Standing results in a lower rate of ‘flat-top’ responses, but also seems to reduce the specificity of this test. Sympathetic activation in the upright position seems to blunt baroreflexes, leading to similar HR responses in spite of larger changes in BP.
Integrating Language, Pragmatics, and Social Intervention in a Single-Subject Case Study of a Child With a Developmental Social Communication Disorder
Authors: Adams Catherine , Gaile Jacqueline , Lockton Elaine , Freed Jenny 
Published: August 2015

Purpose
This clinical focus article presents an illustration of a complex communication intervention, the Social Communication Intervention Programme (SCIP), as delivered to a child who has a social communication disorder (SCD). The SCIP intervention combined language processing and pragmatic and social understanding therapies in a program of individualized therapy activities and in close liaison with families.

Method
The study used an enhanced AB single-subject design in which an 8-year-old child with an SCD participated in 20 therapy sessions with a specialist speech-language pathologist. A procedure of matching assessment findings to intervention choices was followed to construct an individualized treatment program. Examples of intervention content and the embedded structure of SCIP are illustrated. Observational and formal measurements of receptive and expressive language, conversation, and parent–teacher ratings of social communication were completed before therapy, after therapy, and at a 6-month follow-up session.

Results
Outcomes revealed change in total and receptive language scores but not in expressive language. Conversation showed marked improvement in responsiveness, appreciation of listener knowledge, turn taking, and adaptation of discourse style. Teacher-reported outcomes included improved classroom behavior and enhanced literacy skills. Parent-reported outcomes included improved verbal interactions with family members and personal narratives.

Conclusions
This clinical focus article demonstrates the complexity of needs in a child with an SCD and how these can be addressed in individualized intervention. Findings are discussed in relation to the essential nature of language support including pragmatic therapy for children with SCDs. Discussion of the role of formal and functional outcome measurement as well as the proximity of chosen outcomes to the intervention is included.
Resonant tunnelling diode photodetector operating at near‐infrared wavelengths with high responsivity
Authors: Dong Yu , Xu Jianxing , Wang Guanglong , Ni Haiqiao , Pei Kangming , Chen Jianhui , Gao Fengqi , Li Baochen , Niu Zhichuan 
Published: August 2015

Resonant tunnelling diode photodetectors with a 600 nm In0.53Ga0.47As absorption layer were fabricated by molecular beam epitaxy. The current–voltage characteristics of devices with different mesa diameters were tested and the negative differential resistance was observed in all devices. The responsivity of the detector was measured to be 4.19 × 105 A/W at 77 K and 1.92 × 104 A/W at room temperature under incident light with a power of 3.1 nW.
Fully packaged millimetre‐wave dielectric waveguide with multimodal excitation
Authors: Dolatsha N. , Saiz N. , Arbabian A. 
Published: August 2015

A millimetre‐wave interconnect on a very low‐cost plastic waveguide is proposed for applications in terabit per second wireline links. Simultaneous utilisation of the two fundamental and polarisation‐orthogonal degenerate Ex11 and Ey11 waveguide modes doubles the capacity of a single line without sacrificing robustness or adding implementation cost and complexity. A prototype of the structure has been fabricated in high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) fed with dipole/slot coupling structures on Rogers RO6006, and operates at frequencies of about 75 GHz with an aggregate 3 dB bandwidth exceeding 60 GHz.
Continuous‐wave lasing at 100°C in 1.3 µm quantum dot microdisk diode laser
Authors: Kryzhanovskaya N.V. , Moiseev E.I. , Kudashova Yu. V. , Zubov F.I. , Lipovskii A.A. , Kulagina M.M. , Troshkov S.I. , Zadiranov Yu. M. , Livshits D.A. , Maximov M.V. , Zhukov A.E. 
Published: August 2015

A 31 µm in diameter microdisk laser with an InAs/InGaAs quantum dot active region has been tested in the continuous‐wave regime at elevated temperatures. Lasing is achieved up to 100°C with a threshold current of 13.8 mA. The emission spectrum demonstrates single‐mode lasing at 1304 nm with a side mode suppression ratio of 24 dB and a dominant mode linewidth of 35 pm.
Directional transport of water droplets on superhydrophobic aluminium alloy surface
Authors: Yang Xiaolong , Liu Xin , Li Juan , Huang Shuai , Song Jinlong , Xu Wenji 
Published: August 2015

The directional transport of water droplets has great potential applications in biochemical analysis. An aluminium (Al) alloy surface with a contact angle (CA) of 154° and a sliding angle of about 3.5° was prepared by the electrochemical etching method, which is eco‐friendly and economic. An arc path line with a radius of 50 mm and a width of 400 μm was created on the superhydrophobic surface by means of lithography. CAs of water droplets on the lines exhibit anisotropy and 50 μl water droplets could slide exactly along the created line when the substrate was tilted to about 7°. The anisotropic wettability and mechanism of water droplets transport on the surface was investigated. The surface still has great water transport capability after 8 months, indicating that the water transport property of the patterned surface is stable and persistent. This method combines electrochemical etching and lithography; it is universal and economical, and could be used to build patterns on various substrates to realise the directional transport of water droplets.
ASSIsT: an automatic SNP scoring tool for in- and outbreeding species
Authors: Di Guardo Mario , Micheletti Diego , Bianco Luca , Koehorst-van Putten Herma J. J. , Longhi Sara , Costa Fabrizio , Aranzana Maria J. , Velasco Riccardo , Arús Pere , Troggio Michela , van de Weg Eric W. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
ASSIsT (Automatic SNP ScorIng Tool) is a user-friendly customized pipeline for efficient calling and filtering of SNPs from Illumina Infinium arrays, specifically devised for custom genotyping arrays. Illumina has developed an integrated software for SNP data visualization and inspection called GenomeStudio® (GS). ASSIsT builds on GS-derived data and identifies those markers that follow a bi-allelic genetic model and show reliable genotype calls. Moreover, ASSIsT re-edits SNP calls with null alleles or additional SNPs in the probe annealing site. ASSIsT can be employed in the analysis of different population types such as full-sib families and mating schemes used in the plant kingdom (backcross, F1, F2), and unrelated individuals. The final result can be directly exported in the format required by the most common software for genetic mapping and marker–trait association analysis. ASSIsT is developed in Python and runs in Windows and Linux.
Availability and implementation: The software, example data sets and tutorials are freely available at http://compbiotoolbox.fmach.it/assist/.
Contact: eric.vandeweg@wur.nl
ARResT/AssignSubsets: a novel application for robust subclassification of chronic lymphocytic leukemia based on B cell receptor IG stereotypy
Authors: Bystry Vojtech , Agathangelidis Andreas , Bikos Vasilis , Sutton Lesley Ann , Baliakas Panagiotis , Hadzidimitriou Anastasia , Stamatopoulos Kostas , Darzentas Nikos 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Motivation: An ever-increasing body of evidence supports the importance of B cell receptor immunoglobulin (BcR IG) sequence restriction, alias stereotypy, in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). This phenomenon accounts for ∼30% of studied cases, one in eight of which belong to major subsets, and extends beyond restricted sequence patterns to shared biologic and clinical characteristics and, generally, outcome. Thus, the robust assignment of new cases to major CLL subsets is a critical, and yet unmet, requirement.
Results: We introduce a novel application, ARResT/AssignSubsets, which enables the robust assignment of BcR IG sequences from CLL patients to major stereotyped subsets. ARResT/AssignSubsets uniquely combines expert immunogenetic sequence annotation from IMGT/V-QUEST with curation to safeguard quality, statistical modeling of sequence features from more than 7500 CLL patients, and results from multiple perspectives to allow for both objective and subjective assessment. We validated our approach on the learning set, and evaluated its real-world applicability on a new representative dataset comprising 459 sequences from a single institution.
Availability and implementation: ARResT/AssignSubsets is freely available on the web at http://bat.infspire.org/arrest/assignsubsets/
Contact: nikos.darzentas@gmail.com
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
A statistical approach to virtual cellular experiments: improved causal discovery using accumulation IDA (aIDA)
Authors: Taruttis Franziska , Spang Rainer , Engelmann Julia C. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Motivation: We address the following question: Does inhibition of the expression of a gene X in a cellular assay affect the expression of another gene Y? Rather than inhibiting gene X experimentally, we aim at answering this question computationally using as the only input observational gene expression data. Recently, a new statistical algorithm called Intervention calculus when the Directed acyclic graph is Absent (IDA), has been proposed for this problem. For several biological systems, IDA has been shown to outcompete regression-based methods with respect to the number of true positives versus the number of false positives for the top 5000 predicted effects. Further improvements in the performance of IDA have been realized by stability selection, a resampling method wrapped around IDA that enhances the discovery of true causal effects. Nevertheless, the rate of false positive and false negative predictions is still unsatisfactorily high.
Results: We introduce a new resampling approach for causal discovery called accumulation IDA (aIDA). We show that aIDA improves the performance of causal discoveries compared to existing variants of IDA on both simulated and real yeast data. The higher reliability of top causal effect predictions achieved by aIDA promises to increase the rate of success of wet lab intervention experiments for functional studies.
Availability and implementation: R code for aIDA is available in the Supplementary material.
Contact: franziska.taruttis@ur.de, julia.engelmann@ur.de
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
How Next-Generation Sequencing and Multiscale Data Analysis Will Transform Infectious Disease Management
Authors: Pak Theodore R. , Kasarskis Andrew 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Recent reviews have examined the extent to which routine next-generation sequencing (NGS) on clinical specimens will improve the capabilities of clinical microbiology laboratories in the short term, but do not explore integrating NGS with clinical data from electronic medical records (EMRs), immune profiling data, and other rich datasets to create multiscale predictive models. This review introduces a range of “omics” and patient data sources relevant to managing infections and proposes 3 potentially disruptive applications for these data in the clinical workflow. The combined threats of healthcare-associated infections and multidrug-resistant organisms may be addressed by multiscale analysis of NGS and EMR data that is ideally updated and refined over time within each healthcare organization. Such data and analysis should form the cornerstone of future learning health systems for infectious disease.
Remembering to Forget Richard de Fournival's
Bestiaire d'amour
in Italy: The Case of Pierpont Morgan MS 459
Authors: Zingesser Eliza 
Published: August 2015

Abstract

This article focuses on the prologue to the expanded version of Richard de Fournival's
Bestiaire d'amour
contained in a manuscript of Italian origin: New York, Pierpont Morgan MS 459. Its aim is to shed light on the cultural antagonism on the part of the prologue author towards the authorial version of Richard's
Bestiaire
. While the prologue author alludes to the authorial
Bestiaire
and even devotes a biographical sketch to its author in the form of a
vida
, I show that the prologue author nevertheless definitively ‘authorizes’ for posterity the francophone Italian continuation, which is retrospectively framed as the sole authentic version of the
Bestiaire
. The
vida
, for its part, does more to condemn Richard to oblivion than to memorialize him. This new, expanded version of the
Bestiaire
is in turn authenticated through cultural markers of ‘Frenchness’, even though the prologue author subtly indicates his own non-French status. The logic of the prologue is thus ambivalent: it both draws attention to the genuine version of the
Bestiaire
and ensures that it is perceived as insignificant; both memorializes Richard as an author and relegates him to oblivion; both heaps on markers of Frenchness and indicates its position of cultural remove.
Self-Control and Uncontrollable Passion in Stendhal's Theory of Love
Authors: Gill Miranda 
Published: August 2015

Abstract

This article explores Stendhal's understanding of self-control and willpower (and their loss) through a close reading of
De l'amour
. Although recent criticism has tended to dismiss the author's scientific claims for the text, Stendhal addresses aspects of self-control also discussed in recent research in the cognitive and behavioural sciences. Bringing both these accounts and the cultural histories of emotion and gender into dialogue with Stendhal's text, the article identifies a key conceptual tension. Firstly, Stendhal asserts that passionate love is an almost entirely uncontrollable phenomenon. While this view draws on the ancient topos of ‘love as illness’, Stendhal also analyses issues such as self-deception, boredom, gambling, reverie, and temperament to help explain the limits of conscious volition in love. Secondly, he simultaneously suggests that love is impossible without self-control, for reasons related to the temporal dynamics of love and the honour ethic, although self-control has quite different cultural meanings for nineteenth-century male and female subjects. The article concludes that, for Stendhal, self-control is like a ladder without which love cannot develop but which must ultimately be discarded. The dialectic of control and the loss of control also highlights tensions between the honour ethic and the still influential code of sensibility.
Measuring line-of-sight-dependent Fourier-space clustering using FFTs
Authors: Bianchi Davide , Gil-Marín Héctor , Ruggeri Rossana , Percival Will J. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Observed galaxy clustering exhibits local transverse statistical isotropy around the line of sight (LOS). The variation of the LOS across a galaxy survey complicates the measurement of the observed clustering as a function of the angle to the LOS, as fast Fourier transforms (FFTs) based on Cartesian grids, cannot individually allow for this. Recent advances in methodology for calculating LOS-dependent clustering in Fourier space include the realization that power spectrum LOS-dependent moments can be constructed from sums over galaxies, based on approximating the LOS to each pair of galaxies by the LOS to one of them. We show that we can implement this method using multiple FFTs, each measuring the LOS-weighted clustering along different axes. The Nlog N nature of FFTs means that the computational speed-up is a factor of &gt;1000 compared with summing over galaxies. This development should be beneficial for future projects such as DESI and Euclid which will provide an order of magnitude more galaxies than current surveys.