bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic hematoma evacuation for acute and subacute subdural hematoma in elderly patients
Authors: Yokosuka Kimihiko , Uno Masaaki , Matsumura Kohei , Takai Hiroki , Hagino Hirotaka , Matsushita Nobuhisa , Toi Hiroyuki , Matsubara Shunji 
Published: April 2015

OBJECT
Endoscopic surgery was performed for acute or subacute subdural hematoma (SDH), and its effectiveness and safety in elderly patients were evaluated.

METHODS
Between September 2007 and November 2013, endoscopic surgery was performed in 11 elderly patients with acute SDH (8 patients) and subacute SDH (3 patients). The criteria for surgery were as follows: 1) the presence of clinical symptoms; 2) age older than 70 years; 3) no brain injury (intracerebral hematoma, brain contusion); 4) absence of an enlarging SDH; and 5) no high risk of bleeding. Hematoma evacuation was performed with a 4-mm rigid endoscope with a 0° lens and a malleable irrigation suction cannula.

RESULTS
Endoscopic surgery was performed under local anesthesia. The mean age of the patients was 82.6 years (range 73–91 years). There were 5 female and 6 male patients. The mean preoperative Glasgow Coma Scale score was 12, and 5 patients had been receiving antithrombotic drug therapy. The mean operation time was 85 minutes. Only 1 patient had rebleeding, and reoperation with the same technique was performed uneventfully in this individual. A total of 7 patients had a good recovery (modified Rankin Scale Score 0–2) at discharge.

CONCLUSIONS
Endoscopic hematoma evacuation of acute and subacute SDH is a safe and effective method of clot removal that minimizes operative complications. This technique may be a less invasive method for treating elderly patients with acute and subacute SDHs.
Implementation of Online Optoelectronic Devices Course and Remote Experiments in UC1 iLab
Authors: Rebiai Saida , Touidjen Nour El Houda , Mouissat Smail 
Published: April 2015

The aim of this paper is to present a remote experience on light emitting diodes programmed in practical works of optoelectronic devices available online course of electronic department of University Constantine 1 (UC1). This course is one of three online courses proposed among contributions of UC1 in e-Sience Tempus project.
“Optoelectronic components” is an e-course dedicated to students from “master electronic” training. This e-course will be implemented in UC1’s Moodle LMS (learning management system) platform. Its objective is to introduce and consolidated students’ knowledge in optoelectronic devices used in optical transmissions.
LED’s experiment is one of the practical works proposed to be implemented in the remote laboratory of UC1. The remote e-courses and experiments are in progress and will be available on-line since October 2015.
Misdiagnosed Injuries in the Prehospital Trauma Care: Better Training needs to be Implemented
Authors: Nasr Adonis , Abreu-Reis Phillipe , Collaço Iwan , Tomasich Flavio Saavedra 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT

Background
It is not always that prehospital trauma life support (PHTLS) principles are applied to daily practice. Lack of training to health care providers and a high amount of patients overwhelming the system capacity may let malpractice behavior to happen. It is the aim of this study to assess injuries misdiagnosed by prehospital trauma care in a capital city in southern Brazil.

Study design
A prospective observational non-controlled study with 174 random trauma cases that were brought to a level 1 trauma center in the city of Curitiba, between May 28th and June 10th 2006. We analyzed data registered in the prehospital rescue team form. The including criteria were all patients delivered to the trauma center by ambulances. The excluding criteria were patients not transported by ambulances and those without the proper form filled out. Statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-square for discrete, and the students’ t-test for continuous variables.

Results
Of the 174 patients who met the including criteria, 75% were men with a mean age of 27-year-old. Of the 11 injuries to the neck identified in the Hospital evaluation, eight were missed by the prehospital care (OR 0.26 CI 95% 0.07-0.94). Also, only 7/20 injuries to the back were identified by the PHTLS team (OR 0.32 CI 95% 0.13-0.78). Similarly, only 6/26 injuries to the chest (OR 0.20 CI 95% 0.08-0.50), 4/15 to the abdomen (OR 0.24 CI 95% 0.08-0.76), 4/16 to the pelvis (OR 0.23 CI 95% 0.07-0.70), 13/33 to the upper body (OR 0.34 CI 95% 0.17- 0.68),7/39 to the lower body (OR 0.14 CI 95% 0.06-0.33) and 17/55 (OR 0.23 CI 95% 0.12-0.42) were correctly identified in the prehospital scenario.

Conclusion
Although it is known PHTLS principles, which save lives when applied in practice, further training and remarks to its importance is needed to fully implement efficient trauma systems. Electronic data collection shall make checklists consistently filled out, so that patient care will be improved.

How to cite this article
Abreu-Reis P, Nasr A, Tomasich FS, Collaco I. Misdiagnosed Injuries in the Prehospital Trauma Care: Better Training needs to be Implemented. Panam J Trauma Crit Care Emerg Surg 2014;3(3):93-96.
Surgical Challenges associated with the use of Illicit Street Drugs
Authors: Lucas Charles E 
Published: April 2015

RESUMEN

Antecedentes
Las drogas callejeras ilícitas son omnipresentes. Los estereotipos de drogas son la heroína, la clásica ‘depresora’ y la cocaína, la clásica ‘estimulante’. Su mezcla con el alcohol mejora sus efectos.

Método de estudio
Este estudio evalúa las complicaciones quirúrgicas del uso de la heroína y la cocaína.

Resultados
Las complicaciones de la heroína se deben a la contaminación de la heroína durante la dilución realizada con fines de lucro. Las inyecciones de ‘droga mixta’ causan abscesos y celulitis. La infección poli-microbiana puede propagarse rápidamente y requerir desbridamiento extenso. La amputación del antebrazo o miembros inferiores puede ser requerida. La inyección intravenosa produce tromboflebitis, miembros post-flebíticos, neumonía y endocarditis. Una inyección intra-arterial errante, ‘meñique’, causa embolias capilares distales con dígitos gangrenosos y pseudoaneurismas debido a la hemorragia del absceso perivascular. Estos requieren excisión. La endocarditis es a menudo refractaria a los antimicrobianos requiriéndose de una valvulectomía. Se requiere de una esplenectomía para un absceso para prevenir la reinfección de las válvulas del corazón.
Las complicaciones de la cocaína reflejan sus intensas propiedades vasoconstrictoras. Esto puede causar despolarización cardiaca con arritmias y muerte súbita, accidente cerebrovascular isquémico, y perforación esplácnica debida a isquemia focal dentro del duodeno, intestino delgado o el colon. Perforaciones esplácnicas requieren resección. El infarto esplénico inducido por la cocaína con o sin hemorragia requiere de una esplenectomía. La cocaína puede causar oclusión vascular por vasoespasmo de los vasa vasorum causando isquemia de la íntima y trombosis; esto puede implicar a la aorta. ‘Empacadores Cuerpo’ que se tragan los paquetes de cocaína de contrabando se encuentran en grave peligro si se rompe el paquete antes de ser excretada con la defecación; requieren operación rápida.

Conclusión
El conocimiento de las complicaciones de drogas de la calle permite un abordaje quirúrgico racional.

How to cite this article
Lucas CE. Surgical Challenges associated with the use of Illicit Street Drugs. Panam J Trauma Crit Care Emerg Surg 2014;3(3):114-123.
Regional Anesthesia for Antipersonnel Landmines: A Military Hospital Experience in Colombia
Authors: Velez-Escobar Camilo Eduardo , Muñoz-Barrios Dora Milena , Perez Norton 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT

Background
Lower extremity blast injuries are frequent in Colombia as a result of the ongoing internal conflict. General anesthesia has been the preferred method of anesthesia for the surgical treatment of these injuries; spinal anesthesia is a safe alternative, which allows hemodynamic management.

Design
A retrospective cross-sectional trial was designed, reviewing clinical charts of patients with lower extremity blast injuries in a military hospital in Villavicencio, Colombia, from June 2005 to June 2012. Descriptive and bivariate analysis was performed. Chi-square or Fisher's exact test or Student's t-tests were used to establish statistical significance when p < 0.05.

Results
The medical records of 63 male patients were included for analysis. The average age was 25 years; the majority were professional soldiers, who had selective (unilateral) spinal anesthesia. Additionally, 39 of them received sedation with midazolam. Hypotension was observed in 36% of the patients. This was easily handled with crystalloids and in 5% of the cases with vasopressors. None of the patients required postoperative admission to the intensive care unit. The patients that received blood transfusions had more infections than those patients who did not receive blood transfusions (47 vs 26%). However, the risk of infection was lower when preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis, that included penicillin and amikacin, was utilized (17 vs 33%). The difference was not statistically significant.

Conclusion
Spinal anesthesia is a safe technique in lower extremity blast injuries. Transfusion might be restricted, and the incidence of infection might be lowered when a regimen of preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis with penicillin and amikacin is utilized.

How to cite this article
Velez-Escobar CE, Muñoz-Barrios DM, Perez N. Regional Anesthesia for Antipersonnel Landmines: A Military Hospital Experience in Colombia. Panam J Trauma Crit Care Emerg Surg 2014;3(3):132-138.
Trends in the Management of Intertrochanteric Femur Fractures in the United States 2005-2011
Authors: Werner Brian C. , Fashandi Ahmad H. , Gwathmey F. Winston , Yarboro Seth R. 
Published: April 2015

Objectives In the last 2 decades, surgical treatment of intertrochanteric (IT) femur fractures has shown a continuing trend towards the increased use of intramedullary nails (IMN) and decreased use of sliding hip screws (SHS). Recent trends in the United States regarding the use of these implants, including charges and reimbursement, have not been investigated. Methods A national database of Medicare patients (PearlDiver, Inc.) was queried using Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes for patients with surgical dates from 2005-2011. Results A total of 34,759 SHS or IMN procedures for intertrochanteric femur fractures were identified from 2005-2011. There was a significant increase in the percentage of IMN compared to SHS, from 46.9% IMN in 2005 to 79.1% in 2011. The average charges for IMN and SHS increased. Statistically higher rates of PE (p<0.001), DVT (p<0.001), MI (p<0.001), respiratory failure (p<0.001), UTI (p<0.001), pneumonia (p<0.001), CVA (p<0.001) and blood transfusion (p<0.001) were noted in the IMN group. The SHS group had higher 1 year (4.3% vs 3.8%, p = 0.012) and 2 year (5.8% vs 5.0%, p = 0.002) mortality rates. Conclusions The previously recognised trend of increasing use of IMN for IT femur fractures has continued. The overall incidence of operative IT femur fractures is not increasing at this time. The cost of IMN remains higher than SHS.
A Commentary on Interstitial Pneumonitis Induced by Docetaxel: Clinical Cases and Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Genestreti Giovenzio , Di Battista Monica , Trisolini Rocco , Denicolò Fabio , Valli Mirca , Lazzari-Agli Luigi Arcangelo , Dal Piaz Giorgia , De Biase Dario , Bartolotti Marco , Cavallo Giovanna , Brandes Alba A. 
Published: April 2015

Background Pulmonary toxicity is a well-known complication observed with several anticancer drugs. Docetaxel, a taxane chemotherapy drug widely used in the treatment of many types of solid tumors including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), rarely causes infiltrative pneumonitis. The exact mechanism by which docetaxel develops this side effect is not well understood; probably it is produced by type I and IV hypersensitivity responses. Here we describe 2 cases of infiltrative pneumonitis induced by docetaxel as second-line chemotherapy in advanced NSCLC. Materials and Methods Two patients with advanced NSCLC were treated with weekly docetaxel as second-line chemotherapy. After 3 courses of chemotherapy, restaging computed tomography (CT) of the chest revealed bilateral diffuse ground-glass opacities with a peribronchial distribution possibly indicative of hypersensitivity pneumonitis. No evidence of pulmonary embolus or pleural effusion was found. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy showed normal bronchi without lymphangitis; biopsies showed interstitial fibrosis without tumor cells. Bronchial tissue laboratory tests for fungi or bacilli were negative. No malignant cells were found at bronchoalveolar lavage. The patients were given high-dose corticosteroid therapy with prednisone 0.7 mg per kilogram per day. Results After 1 month of therapy, contrast-enhanced chest CT showed complete disappearance of the pulmonary changes in both patients. Spirometry and blood gas analysis revealed complete recovery of pulmonary function. The patients continued their oncological follow-up program. Conclusions Pulmonary injury is a rare adverse event during docetaxel chemotherapy. Prompt treatment with high-dose corticosteroids is needed to avoid worsening of respiratory performance.
The Other Heroine Is Memory (A Conversation with Agata Tuszyńska)
Authors: Wróbel Best Jolanta 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The article consists of an interview with Agata Tuszyńska, the author of a book regarded in Poland as both important and controversial. Vera Gran: The Accused presents the testimony of the aged, reclusive eponymous Polish singer who spent part of World War II in the Warsaw Ghetto and thereafter lived in the shadow of accusations that she had collaborated with the Nazi occupation. Grant not only disputed these charges but leveled similar if unsubstantiated allegations against her sometime accompanist, Władysław Szpilman, celebrated as the hero of the memoir and film The Pianist. Tuszyńska describes her book as a study in human memory and acknowledges that memory could be necessarily subjective and contradictory but asserts that only by collecting the memories of many witnesses can the truth of the war and Holocaust be grasped.
In Memoriam Anna M. Cienciala (November 8, 1929–December 24, 2014)
Authors: Pease Neal 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Anna M. Cienciala died on December 24, 2014, in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, en route from vacation to her home in Lawrence, Kansas. She was Professor Emerita of History and at the Center for Russian, East European and Eurasian Studies at the University of Kansas, where she had taught for nearly four decades, and became one of the world’s most eminent and respected scholars on the recent history of Poland and international relations. She was also a longtime mainstay of the Polish Institute of Arts and Sciences of America and The Polish Review.
Value of Sonographic Bidirectional Arterial Flow Combined With Elastography for Diagnosis of Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System Category 4 Breast Masses
Authors: Liu Da , Huang Ying , Tian Dan , Yin Jing , Deng Li-jun 
Published: April 2015

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of bidirectional arterial flow combined with ultrasound elastography for differentiation of American College of Radiology Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI‐RADS) category 4 masses.MethodsA total of 116 BI‐RADS category 4 breast masses were evaluated with color Doppler sonography, spectral analysis, and elastography. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive and negative predictive values, and receiver operator characteristic curve were used to estimate the diagnostic performance for each modality and the combination method.ResultsThe combination method had the best sensitivity (81.1%) but less specificity (94.9%) and the best accuracy (90.5%). The discriminating power of the combined method (area under the curve [AUC], 0.880; 95% confidence interval [CI], 80.0%–96.0%) was significantly higher than that of bidirectional arterial flow (AUC, 0.818; 95% CI, 72.0%–91.6%; P< .01) and elastography (AUC, 0.765; 95% CI, 65.9%–87.0%; P< .01).ConclusionsBidirectional arterial flow evaluation, when combined with elastography, could potentially improve diagnostic accuracy for BI‐RADS category 4 breast masses.
Effect of dry large‐scale vertical motions on initial MJO convective onset
Authors: Powell Scott W. , Houze Robert A. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAnomalies of eastward propagating large‐scale vertical motion with ~30 day variability at Addu City, Maldives, move into the Indian Ocean from the west and are implicated in Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) convective onset. Using ground‐based radar and large‐scale forcing data derived from a sounding array, typical profiles of environmental heating, moisture sink, vertical motion, moisture advection, and Eulerian moisture tendency are computed for periods prior to those during which deep convection is prevalent and those during which moderately deep cumulonimbi do not form into deep clouds. Convection with 3–7 km tops is ubiquitous but present in greater numbers when tropospheric moistening occurs below 600 hPa. Vertical eddy convergence of moisture in shallow to moderately deep clouds is likely responsible for moistening during a 3–7 day long transition period between suppressed and active MJO conditions, although moistening via evaporation of cloud condensate detrained into the environment of such clouds may also be important. Reduction in large‐scale subsidence, associated with a vertical velocity structure that travels with a dry eastward propagating zonal wavenumbers 1–1.5 structure in zonal wind, drives a steepening of the lapse rate below 700 hPa, which supports an increase in moderately deep moist convection. As the moderately deep cumulonimbi moisten the lower troposphere, more deep convection develops, which itself moistens the upper troposphere. Reduction in large‐scale subsidence associated with the eastward propagating feature reinforces the upper tropospheric moistening, helping to then rapidly make the environment conducive to formation of large stratiform precipitation regions, whose heating is critical for MJO maintenance.
Delta channel networks: 2. Metrics of topologic and dynamic complexity for delta comparison, physical inference, and vulnerability assessment
Authors: Tejedor Alejandro , Longjas Anthony , Zaliapin Ilya , Foufoula‐Georgiou Efi 
Published: April 2015

AbstractDeltas are landforms that deliver water, sediment and nutrient fluxes from upstream rivers to the deltaic surface and eventually to oceans or inland water bodies via multiple pathways. Despite their importance, quantitative frameworks for their analysis lack behind those available for tributary networks. In a companion paper, delta channel networks were conceptualized as directed graphs and spectral graph theory was used to design a quantitative framework for exploring delta connectivity and flux dynamics. Here we use this framework to introduce a suite of graph‐theoretic and entropy‐based metrics, to quantify two components of a delta's complexity: (1)Topologic, imposed by the network connectivity and (2)Dynamic, dictated by the flux partitioning and distribution. The metrics are aimed to facilitate comparing, contrasting, and establishing connections between deltaic structure, process, and form. We illustrate the proposed analysis using seven deltas in diverse morphodynamic environments and of various degrees of channel complexity. By projecting deltas into a topo‐dynamic space whose coordinates are given by topologic and dynamic delta complexity metrics, we show that this space provides a basis for delta comparison and physical insight into their dynamic behavior. The examined metrics are demonstrated to relate to the intuitive notion of vulnerability, measured by the impact of upstream flux changes to the shoreline flux, and reveal that complexity and vulnerability are inversely related. Finally, a spatially explicit metric, akin to a delta width function, is introduced to classify shapes of different delta types.
Hydrogel Microparticles as an Emerging Tool in Pharmaceutical Field: A Review
Authors: Ahmad Mahmood , Rai Sarfraz Muhammad , Mahmood Asif 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTFrom past few decades, emphasis of scientists is on the development of micro‐ and nanosized dosage forms to achieve the targeted and desired response from drugs. In this manner, they have developed microspheres, nanoparticles, niosomes, liposomes, etc. Now in recent past, work is going on the development of novel hydrogel microparticles that have more desirable response than conventional hydrogels. These newly developed hydrogel microparticles have a number of advantages over the conventional hydrogels as well as over other micro‐ or nanotechnologies. These are used to achieve either sustained or prolonged action as well as rapid release of drugs by complexation with hydrophilic polymers to enhance their solubility and ultimately bioavailability of poorly water‐soluble drugs. Various techniques are used to prepare hydrogel microparticles such as the ionic gelation method, spray drying, dispersion, photopolymerization ionotropic gelation method, free radical precipitation polymerization, inverse emulsion polymerization, free radical polymerization, etc. Certain polymers along with various types of initiators, cross‐linkers, and monomers are used in different concentrations depending upon the purpose of hydrogel microparticles. In recent review, we have focused upon the loading and drug release patterns from hydrogel microparticles, various technologies, and components applied in their preparations and applications in the pharmaceutical field. Hydrogel microparticles can be aimed for various purposes such as solubility enhancement of hydrophobic drugs, and targeted drug delivery, magnetic carriers; therefore, these are useful assets of pharmaceutical market.
Effect of intranasal dexamethasone on endogenous cortisol level and intraocular pressure
Authors: Martino Benjamin J. , Church Christopher A. , Seiberling Kristin A. 
Published: April 2015

BackgroundMedical treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) centers on the administration of steroids. High‐dose topical nasal steroids (HDTNS) have shown promising results with less systemic effects than oral steroids. One promising HDTNS is 0.132% dexamethasone nasal spray. We investigated whether intranasal dexamethasone was associated with changes in serum cortisol and/or intraocular pressure (IOP).MethodsPatients with CRSwNP were treated with dexamethasone sodium phosphate 0.132% nasal spray twice daily. Morning serum cortisol and IOP were checked after at least 6 weeks of therapy.ResultsTwenty‐eight patients met study criteria. The average serum cortisol level after at least 6 weeks of therapy (average duration of 38.3 weeks) was 9.8 μg/dL (normal range, 4 to 22 μg/dL). Ten patients had suppressed cortisol levels (average, 2.5 μg/dL). Ten patients underwent IOP measurements and none revealed ocular hypertension on tonometry.ConclusionHigh‐dose dexamethasone nasal spray given for a period of at least 6 weeks does appear to have the potential to cause a decrease in serum cortisol levels; however, future studies with greater power are necessary to support this claim. Additionally, similar administration of high‐dose dexamethasone nasal spray did not reveal IOP diagnostic of ocular hypertension on single‐measurement tonometry readings.