bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conservation and selective pressures shaping baleen whale olfactory receptor genes supports their use of olfaction in the marine environment
Authors: Jauhal April A. , Constantine Rochelle , Newcomb Richard 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe relative importance of various sensory modalities can shift in response to evolutionary transitions, resulting in changes to underlying gene families encoding their reception systems. The rapid birth‐and‐death process underlying the evolution of the large olfactory receptor (OR) gene family has accelerated genomic‐level change for the sense of smell in particular. The transition from the land to sea in marine mammals is an attractive model for understanding the influence of habitat shifts on sensory systems, with the retained OR repertoire of baleen whales contrasting with its loss in toothed whales. In this study, we examine to what extent the transition from a terrestrial to a marine environment has influenced the evolution of baleen whale OR repertoires. We developed Gene Mining Pipeline (GMPipe) (https://github.com/AprilJauhal/GMPipe), which can accurately identify large numbers of candidate OR genes. GMPipe identified 707 OR sequences from eight baleen whale species. These repertoires exhibited distinct family count distributions compared to terrestrial mammals, including signs of relative expansion in families OR10, OR11 and OR13. While many receptors have been lost or show signs of random drift in baleen whales, others exhibit signs of evolving under purifying or positive selection. Over 85% of OR genes could be sorted into orthologous groups of sequences containing at least four homologous sequences. Many of these groups, particularly from family OR10, presented signs of relative expansion and purifying selective pressure. Overall, our results suggest that the relatively small size of baleen whale OR repertoires result from specialisation to novel olfactory landscapes, as opposed to random drift.
Microbiota‐driven vaccination in soft ticks: Implications for survival, fitness and reproductive capabilities in Ornithodoros moubata
Authors: Cano‐Argüelles Ana Laura , Piloto‐Sardiñas Elianne , Maitre Apolline , Mateos‐Hernández Lourdes , Maye Jennifer , Wu‐Chuang Alejandra , Abuin‐Denis Lianet , Obregón Dasiel , Bamgbose Timothy , Oleaga Ana , Cabezas‐Cruz Alejandro , Pérez‐Sánchez Ricardo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe Ornithodoros moubata (Om) soft tick, a vector for diseases like tick‐borne human relapsing fever and African swine fever, poses challenges to conventional control methods. With diminishing insecticide efficacy, harnessing the tick's microbiota through innovative approaches like microbiota‐driven vaccination emerges as a promising strategy for sustainable and targeted disease control. This study investigated the intricate relationship between Pseudomonas, a keystone taxon in the Om microbiome, and its impact on tick fitness, microbiome structure and network dynamics. Utilizing in silico analyses and empirical vaccination experiments, the role of Pseudomonas within microbial networks in the tick midguts (MG) and salivary glands (SG) of Om was studied. Additionally, the consequences of anti‐microbiota vaccines targeting Pseudomonas and Lactobacillus on tick fitness, microbiome diversity and community assembly were explored. The result of the study shows that in Om, Pseudomonas plays a central role in microbial networks, influencing keystone species despite being categorized as peripheral (interacting with 47 different taxa, 13 of which are keystone species). Anti‐microbiota vaccination targeting Pseudomonas and Lactobacillus yields distinct effects on tick fitness, with Pseudomonas vaccination significantly impacting female tick survival, while Lactobacillus significantly reduced oviposition and fertility. Microbiome changes post‐vaccination reveal diversity alterations, emphasizing the impact of vaccine choice. Community assembly dynamics and network robustness analyses highlight Pseudomonas' pivotal role, in influencing topological features and network resilience. The findings of the study provide comprehensive insights into the intricate dynamics of Om microbial networks and the potential of targeted microbiota‐driven vaccines for tick control.
Survival of Calliphora vicina (Diptera: Calliphoridae) embryos under cold temperature conditions: forensic implications
Authors: López‐García Jaime , Martín‐Vega Daniel 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMost blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) species are sarcosaprophagous during the larval stage, primarily feeding on the soft tissues of carcasses during the early stages of decomposition, making them valuable forensic indicators for minimum post‐mortem interval (minPMI) estimations. Like other insects, their developmental rates are strongly influenced by the environmental temperature. Although several studies have examined the influence of temperature on the development of different blow fly species, the impact of cold temperatures remains largely unstudied, despite its potential forensic implications. The present study investigates the effect of three cold temperatures (0, −2.5 and −5°C) on the survival of Calliphora vicina embryos of five different ages (0%, 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% of the total embryonic development) and two exposure times (6 and 24 h). Our results revealed significant differences in egg survival at the earliest embryonic stages (0% and 20% of the total embryonic development), resulting in high mortality rates. While at 20% of the total embryonic development high mortality was only observed under −5°C, at 0% of the total embryonic development high mortality rates were observed at all the temperatures tested. Although C. vicina embryos demonstrate tolerance to cold temperatures once they have completed the first 20% of the total embryonic development, potentially mitigating the impact of cold weather events, the possibility of minPMI underestimations due to the death of the first egg batches should not be disregarded. Additionally, considering that the embryonic development stages may last for several days under low temperatures, caution should be taken in the analysis of entomological evidence if a cadaver is discovered following cold weather episodes.
Early Candida colonisation impact on patients and healthcare professionals in an intensive care unit
Authors: Dalben Yago R. , Pimentel Jhully , Maifrede Simone B. , Carvalho Jamile A. , Bessa‐Neto Francisco O. , Gomes Jean Fabrício S. , Leite Gustavo R. , Rodrigues Anderson M. , Cayô Rodrigo , Grão‐Velloso Tânia Regina , Gonçalves Sarah S. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectivesCandida spp. is an opportunistic pathogen that causes superficial and invasive infections with nosocomial outbreaks without strict hygiene protocols. Herein, we assessed oral colonisation by Candida spp. in 209 Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients between July 2021 and April 2022, conducting clinical, epidemiological, and microbiological characterisation of those developing oral or invasive candidiasis.MethodsInitial oral swabs were collected within 24 h of admission in the ICU, followed by collections on Days 2, 4, 6 and 8. Swabs from denture‐wearing patients, abiotic surfaces, healthcare professionals' hands, and retroauricular regions were also obtained. Recovered yeasts and filamentous fungi were identified using MALDI‐TOF MS and morphological characteristics, respectively. Genetic similarity of Candida spp. isolates was evaluated using Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), and the antifungal susceptibility profile was determined by broth microdilution.ResultsIn the study, 64.11% of patients were orally colonised by Candida spp. Of these, 80.59% were colonised within the first 24 h. Oral colonisation also occurred on subsequent days: 50%/Day 2, 26.92%/Day 4, and 11.53%/Days 6 and 8. Of the patients, 8.61% had oral candidiasis, mainly pseudomembranous. Among orally colonised patients, 2.23% developed invasive candidiasis. Besides, 89.47% of healthcare professionals evaluated were colonised. MALDI‐TOF MS identified different yeast species, and C. albicans (45.34%), C. tropicalis (15.7%), and C. parapsilosis sensu stricto (9.88%) were the most prevalent. AFLP analysis indicated a high genetic correlation (≥97%) between C. parapsilosis sensu stricto isolates from patients and professionals. Three resistant C. albicans isolates were also found.ConclusionThis study reported a diversity of yeast and filamentous fungi species in ICU patients and highlighted early Candida spp. colonisation risks for invasive candidiasis, as well as the potential horizontal transmission in the nosocomial setting, emphasising the need for effective infection control measures.
Community‐based diet and obesity‐related policy, system, and environmental interventions for obesity prevention during the first 1000 days: A scoping review
Authors: Kracht Chelsea L. , Neshteruk Cody D. , Moding Kameron J. , Rolke Laura J. , Wagner Brooke E. , Kielb Elizabeth , Ferrante Mackenzie J. , Robinson Cayla , Keinsley Jason , Colella Jordan , Speirs Katherine E. , Luecking Courtney T. 
Published: August 2024

SummaryCommunity‐based policy, systems, and environmental interventions have the potential to reduce modifiable risk factors for obesity early in life. The purpose of this scoping review was to characterize the breadth, generalizability, and methodological quality of community‐based diet and obesity‐related policy, system, and environmental interventions during the first 1000 days of life, from pregnancy to 24 months of age. Eight databases were searched, and 83 studies (122 references) were included. Data were extracted for breadth (intervention characteristics), generalizability (reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance), and study quality (Downs and Black Checklist). Systems and environmental approaches were common (> 80%), relative to policy approaches (39%). The majority (60–69%) occurred in the prenatal period and early infancy (0–3 months), assessed breastfeeding or child growth/obesity (53% for both), and included people with lower income (80%) or racial and/or ethnic minority groups (63%). Many interventions reported positive outcomes (i.e., in the expected direction) for child diet, breastfeeding, and feeding practices (> 62%). Few reported intervention maintenance or spanned the full 1000 days. Most studies were classified as good (32%) or fair (56%) methodological quality. The interventions mainly addressed pregnancy and early infancy. Rigorous and representative investigation is needed to improve intervention reach, sustainability, and application in toddlerhood.
Identification and Fine Mapping of a Mutant pv‐nts Gene Responsible for Dwarf and Thin Stem of Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
Authors: Sun Zhuang , Feng Guojun , Yang Xiaoxu , Liu Dajun , Liang Zicong , Qin Yao , Wang Ziyan , Yan Zhishan , Liu Chang 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTPlant height is one of the most important traits in the breeding of snap bean, which determines the planting density and the resistance to failure, which in turn affects its yield and quality. Therefore, studying the molecular mechanism of plant height in snap bean is an important measure to realize the improvement of snap bean. We obtained a dwarf, thin‐stemmed mutant nts (normal to slim) from a dwarf variety of snap bean A18 via 60CO‐γ‐ray treatment. We conducted phenotypic observations, endogenous hormone content measurements and genetic analyses of the dwarfing thin‐stemmed mutant nts and explored gene localization and candidate gene screening for the mutant trait in snap bean. Compared with wild‐type A18, nts mutant exhibited various abnormal phenotypes such as dwarfing, reduced branching, thinner top stem, reduced plant width, reduced number of leaf area and thousand grain weight and increased content of hormones such as indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) in the top stem. Genetic analysis indicated that the mutant trait was controlled by a single recessive nuclear gene, and the mutant gene was named pv‐nts. pv‐nts was localized to a 361.1‐kb segment on chromosome 8 as revealed by bovine serum albumin (BSA) hybrid pool sequencing and simple sequence repeat (SSR) molecular markers. Phvul.008G106300 (encoding LAX2 protein) was identified as a candidate gene corresponding to pv‐nts via gene function annotation. Phvul.008G106300 was significantly upregulated in nts mutant compared with wild‐type A18, which was consistent with the results of endogenous IAA levels. Sequence analysis showed that the Phvul.008G106300 gene in nts had a base mutation that altered the protein structure, thus causing the dwarfed, thin‐stemmed phenotype of cauliflower. Taken together, these results contribute to a better understanding of the genetic basis of dwarfing traits in snap bean.
Segmental congenital vascular anomaly with atrophy, ulceration, and scarring (SeCVAUS): Case series and review of literature
Authors: Ivars Marta , Frieden Ilona J. , Provini Lauren , Wassef Michel , Weibel Lisa , Theiler Martin , Lanoel Agustina , Martinez‐Glez Victor , Rodriguez‐Laguna Lara , van der Vleuten Carine , Guibaud Laurent , Puttgen Katherine , Azaña‐Defez Jose Manuel , Chamlin Sarah , Drolet Beth , Torres Natalia , Wyrzykowsky Dariusz , Colmenero Isabel , Lopez‐Gutierrez Juan Carlos 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundNext‐generation sequencing has greatly increased our understanding of vascular birthmarks. Many port‐wine birthmarks are due to somatic mutations in GNAQ/GNA11 exon 183, but other genomic causes have been identified. Most congenital hemangiomas are due to somatic mutations in GNAQ/GNA11 at exon 209. Although genomically distinct, clinical overlap of congenital hemangiomas and port‐wine birthmarks has occasionally been described.ObjectiveWe report a case series of a unique segmentally distributed vascular anomaly with overlapping characteristics of port‐wine birthmarks and congenital hemangiomas with other distinctive features including ulceration, atrophy, and scarring.MethodsThis was a multicenter study with retrospective identification of patients via a detailed review of medical records. We also reviewed previously published cases.ResultsThe clinical, histological, radiological, and genomic characteristics of 19 new and 13 previously reported cases characterized by segmental distribution, sharply demarcated borders, with variable thickening are presented. All cases had central atrophy with or without episodic ulceration. Those with genomic studies (13 out of 32) had somatic activating missense mutations in GNA11 or GNAQ codon 209.ConclusionsWe describe the features and propose a descriptive name segmental congenital vascular anomaly with atrophy, ulceration, and scarring (SeCVAUS) for this condition.
Negative immune regulation contributes to disease tolerance in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Prakash Arun , Monteith Katy M. , Vale Pedro F. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDisease tolerance is an infection phenotype where hosts show relatively high health despite harbouring elevated pathogen loads. Variation in the ability to reduce immunopathology may explain why some hosts can tolerate higher pathogen burdens with reduced pathology. Negative immune regulation would therefore appear to be a clear candidate for a mechanism underlying disease tolerance. Here, we examined how the negative regulation of the immune deficiency (IMD) pathway affects disease tolerance in Drosophila melanogaster when infected with four doses of the gram‐negative bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas entomophila. We find that while flies unable to regulate the IMD response exhibited higher expression of antimicrobial peptides and lower bacterial loads as expected, this was not accompanied by a proportional reduction in mortality. Instead, ubiquitous UAS‐RNAi knockdown of negative regulators of IMD (pirk and caudal) substantially increased the per‐pathogen‐mortality in both males and females across all tested infectious doses. Our results therefore highlight that in addition to regulating an efficient pathogen clearance response, negative regulators of IMD also contribute to disease tolerance.
Characterising large‐type Artin groups
Authors: Martin Alexandre , Vaskou Nicolas 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe show that the class of large‐type Artin groups is invariant under isomorphism, in stark contrast with the corresponding situation for Coxeter groups. We obtain this result by providing a purely algebraic characterisation of large‐type Artin groups (i.e. independent of the presentation graph). As a corollary, we completely describe the Artin groups isomorphic to a given large‐type Artin group, and characterise those large‐type Artin groups that are rigid.
Plasticity of the heart in response to changes in physical activity
Authors: Hedge Eric T. , Brazile Tiffany L. , Hughson Richard L. , Levine Benjamin D. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe human heart is very adaptable, with chamber size, wall thickness and ventricular stiffness all modified by periods of inactivity or exercise training. Herein, we summarize the cardiac adaptations induced by changes in physical activity, ranging from bed rest and spaceflight to endurance exercise training, while also highlighting how the ageing process (a long‐term model of inactivity) affects cardiac plasticity. Severe inactivity during bed rest or spaceflight leads to cardiac atrophy and ventriculo‐vascular stiffening. Conversely, endurance training induces eccentric hypertrophy and enhances ventricular compliance, and can be used as an effective countermeasure to prevent adverse cardiac changes during prolonged periods of bed rest or spaceflight. With sedentary ageing, the heart undergoes concentric remodelling and irreversibly stiffens at advanced age. Specifically, older adults who initiate endurance training later in life are unable to improve ventricular compliance and diastolic function, suggesting reduced cardiac plasticity with advanced age; however, lifelong exercise training prevents age‐associated cardiac remodelling and maintains cardiac compliance of older adults at a level similar to those of younger healthy individuals. Nevertheless, there are still many knowledge gaps related to cardiac remodelling and changes in cardiac function induced by bed rest, exercise training and spaceflight, as well as how these different stimuli may interact with advancing age. Future studies should focus on understanding what factors (sex, age, heritability, etc.) may influence the heart's responsiveness to training or deconditioning, as well as understanding the long‐term cardiac consequences of spaceflight beyond low‐Earth orbit with the added stimulus of galactic cosmic radiation.
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Numerical Analysis on Thermal Behavior of Composite Wall Combined Autoclaved Aerated Concrete With Thermal Insulting Material in Summer Day
Authors: Yu Cairui , Shen Dongmei , Tu Jinsong , Chen Gulei , Chai Luxiu 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Thermal insulation material (TIM) is commonly employed to enhance the thermal behavior of the lightweight walls. To further obtain the energy-saving effect of the walls, the composite wall (ATIM) combined autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) block with TIM was present in this study. A testing rig with an ATIM wall was constructed and tested in summer design days, while the numerical modeling was developed and validated using the experimental data. Furthermore, reference walls of the brick and AAC with the same dimension as the ATIM wall were established to evaluate its thermal behavior. The thermal behavior and economic evaluation of the ATIM wall were then investigated by varying the thickness and position of the TIM using the numerical method. And the research results indicated that: (1) the average inner surface temperature of the ATIM wall is approximately 1.1 °C lower than that of the AAC wall, 1.3 °C lower than that of brick wall, the thickness of TIM is positively correlated with decreasing wall surface temperature, while TIM positions have minimal impact on reducing surface temperature; (2) heat gain reduction ratio for ATIM wall (δ = 20 mm) is approximately 52.7%, which is 8.1% higher than that of AAC wall, and variation in TIM position can decrease the heat gain, with inside or outside placement being more effective than positioning it in the middle part; (3) CO2 emission saving (CO2ES) and electricity cost saving (ECS) for room C (ATIM wall) is approximately 7.05 kg/100 m3/day and 5.23 RMB/100 m3/day, respectively, outperforming room A (brick wall) and room B (AAC wall) in terms of energy efficiency and economic benefits.
Convergence Acceleration of Favre-Averaged Non-Linear Harmonic Method
Authors: Wang Feng , Weber Kurt , Radford David , di Mare Luca , Meyer Marcus 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This paper develops a numerical procedure to accelerate the convergence of the Favre-averaged non-linear harmonic (FNLH) method. The scheme provides a unified mathematical framework for solving the sparse linear systems formed by the mean flow and the time-linearized harmonic flows of FNLH in an explicit or implicit fashion. The approach explores the similarity of the sparse linear systems of FNLH and leads to a memory-efficient procedure, so that its memory consumption does not depend on the number of harmonics to compute. The proposed method has been implemented in the industrial computational fluid dynamics solver Hydra. Three test cases are used to conduct a comparative study of explicit and implicit schemes in terms of convergence, computational efficiency, and memory consumption. Comparisons show that the implicit scheme yields better convergence than the explicit scheme and is also roughly 7–10 times more computationally efficient than the explicit scheme with four levels of multigrid. Furthermore, the implicit scheme consumes only approximately 50% of the memory required by the explicit scheme with four levels of multigrid. Compared with the full-annulus unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes simulations, the implicit scheme produces comparable results to URANS with computational time and memory consumption that are two orders of magnitude smaller.