bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti-tumor pharmacological evaluation of extracts from stellera chamaejasme L based on hollow fiber assay
Authors: Liu Xiaoni , Yang Qing , Zhang Ganlin , Li Yujie , Chen Ying , Weng Xiaogang , Wang Yajie , Wang Yiwei , Zhu Xiaoxin 
Published: March 2014

Abstract

Background

Stellera chamaejasme L, a traditional Chinese herb, has long been used for treatment of various tumors in the Chinese population. In our previous study, we paid an attention to the cytotoxic and proapoptotic effects of Stellera chamaejasme L extracts (ESC, ESC-1 and ESC-2, the latter two were isolated from ESC) on 4 various tumor cells (NCI-H157, NCI-H460, BEL-7402 and SK-HEP-1) in vitro. ESCs showed significantly inhibitory effects on the 4 tumor cells. ESC-2 had the strongest inhibitory effect and the broadest sensitive cell spectrum. ESC-2 and ESC acted in a similar way against tumor cells, which suggested anti-tumor active fraction of ESC might exist in ESC-2. Here, we further observe the inhibitory and proapoptotic effects of Stellera chamaejasme L extracts in vivo.

Methods
In this study, we used hollow fiber tumor model to evaluate the inhibitory and proapoptotic effects of Stellera chamaejasme L extracts. Apoptotic rates of the cancer cells retrieved from the hollow fibers were measured with flow cytometric analysis, caspase 3, 8, 9 enzyme activities were detected by colorimetric assay, Fas, Fas-L, TNF-R1 and TNF-α expression were determined with elisa assay and radioimmunoassay respectively.

Results
The results showed that ESC, ESC-2 all had inhibitory effects on 4 tumor cells. According to the effect strength, dose and antitumor spectrum, the order of antitumor effects of ESCs was: ESC-2 > ESC > ESC-1. NCI-H460 cells were the most sensitive to ESCs. ESC, ESC-2 increased greatly the apoptotic rate and caspase 3, 8 enzyme activities in NCI-H460. ESCs had no significant effects on expression of Fas, Fas-L protein, but TNF-α/TNFR1 protein expression in NCI-H460 cells changed significantly after ESC and ESC-2 treatment.

Conclusion
ESC-2 had the similar antitumor effect to that of ESC in vivo and further confirmed that ESC-2 may be the main antitumor active fraction of ESC, which was consistent with our previous results in vitro.
Long-term satisfaction and quality of life following risk reducing surgery in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers
Authors: Hooker Gillian W , King Lesley , VanHusen Lauren , Graves Kristi , Peshkin Beth N , Isaacs Claudine , Taylor Kathryn L , Poggi Elizabeth , Schwartz Marc D 
Published: April 2014

Abstract

Background
As BRCA1/2 testing becomes more routine, questions remain about long-term satisfaction and quality of life following testing. Previously, we described long term distress and risk management outcomes among women with BRCA1/2 mutations. This study addresses positive psychological outcomes in BRCA1/2 carriers, describing decision satisfaction and quality of life in the years following testing.

Methods
We evaluated satisfaction with testing and management decisions among 144 BRCA1/2 carriers. Prior to genetic testing, we assessed family history, sociodemographics and distress. At a mean of 5.3 years post-testing, we assessed management decisions, satisfaction with decisions and, among women with cancer, quality of life.

Results
Overall, satisfaction with decision making was high. Women who had risk reducing mastectomy or oophorectomy were more satisfied with management decisions. Participants who obtained a risk reducing oophorectomy were more satisfied with their genetic testing decision. Among affected carriers, high pretest anxiety was associated with poorer quality of life and having had risk reducing mastectomy prior to testing was associated with better quality of life. The negative impact of pre-test anxiety was diminished among women who had mastectomies before testing.

Conclusions

BRCA1/2 carriers are satisfied with their testing and risk management decisions and report good quality of life years after testing. Having risk reducing surgery predicts increased satisfaction and improved quality of life.
Some moment inequalities for fuzzy martingales and their applications
Authors: Ahmadzade Hamed , Amini Mohammad , Taheri Seyed Mahmoud , Bozorgnia Abolghasem 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Martingales are a class of stochastic processes which has had profound influence on the development of probability theory and stochastic processes. Some recent developments are related to mathematical finance. In the real world, some information about these phenomena might be imprecise and represented in the form of vague quantities. In these situations, we need to generalize classical methods to vague environment. Thus, fuzzy martingales have been extended as a vague perception of real-valued martingales. In this paper, some moment inequalities are presented for fuzzy martingales. Several convergence theorems are established based on these inequalities. As an application of convergence theorems, a weak law of large numbers for fuzzy martingales is stated. Furthermore, a few examples are devoted to clarify the main results.
Cardiovascular disease is increased prior to onset of rheumatoid arthritis but not osteoarthritis: the population-based Nord-Trøndelag health study (HUNT)
Authors: Pahau Helen , Brown Matthew A , Paul Sanjoy , Thomas Ranjeny , Videm Vibeke 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) events. We sought to test the hypothesis that due to increased inflammation, CV disease and risk factors are associated with increased risk of future RA development.

Methods
The population-based Nord-Trøndelag health surveys (HUNT) were conducted among the entire adult population of Nord-Trøndelag, Norway. All inhabitants 20 years or older were invited, and information was collected through comprehensive questionnaires, a clinical examination, and blood samples. In a cohort design, data from HUNT2 (1995–1997, baseline) and HUNT3 (2006–2008, follow-up) were obtained to study participants with RA (n = 786) or osteoarthritis (n = 3,586) at HUNT3 alone, in comparison with individuals without RA or osteoarthritis at both times (n = 33,567).

Results
Female gender, age, smoking, body mass index, and history of previous CV disease were associated with self-reported incident RA (previous CV disease: odds ratio 1.52 (95% confidence interval 1.11-2.07). The findings regarding previous CV disease were confirmed in sensitivity analyses excluding participants with psoriasis (odds ratio (OR) 1.70 (1.23-2.36)) or restricting the analysis to cases with a hospital diagnosis of RA (OR 1.90 (1.10-3.27)) or carriers of the shared epitope (OR 1.76 (1.13-2.74)). History of previous CV disease was not associated with increased risk of osteoarthritis (OR 1.04 (0.86-1.27)).

Conclusion
A history of previous CV disease was associated with increased risk of incident RA but not osteoarthritis.
GESTÃO DO RELACIONAMENTO COM O CLIENTE EM MERCADOS BUSINESS-TO-BUSINESS
Authors: Prieto Vanderli , Carvalho Marly 
Published: April 2014

Este artigo trata da aplicação do conceito de Gestão do Relacionamento com o Cliente (CRM) no segmento business-to-business.O conceito representa o desafio de enxergar cada cliente como se fosse o seu próprio mercado. No segmento business-to-business a transação de valor econômico é alta e a perda de um único cliente pode resultar em impacto significativamente negativo para as receitas. Isto demanda um investimento ainda maior em construir e manter um relacionamento com os clientes. O objetivo deste artigo é indicar aspectos críticos na implementação do CRM relacionados à estratégia da empresa e à estrutura de CRM. O artigo descreve uma experiência com a automação da força de vendas (SFA), que é uma das dimensões tecnológicas do CRM. A metodologia de pesquisa adotada foi o estudo de caso em uma empresa global de engenharia eletroeletrônica. Neste artigo primeiramente são introduzidos os conceitos de CRM e SFA e então são discutidos aspectos da implementação do CRM no segmento business-to-business. As conclusões nos permitem perceber que a estrutura de CRM provê maior produtividade à área de Vendas e transfere o controle da gestão do relacionamento com o cliente do vendedor para a empresa e que tais resultados são apoiados em ações estratégicas sistematicamente conduzidas.
O CUSTEIO-ALVO COMO SUPORTE ÀS DECISÕES PARA DESENVOLVER NOVOS PRODUTOS: UM ESTUDO EM INDÚSTRIA MOVELEIRA
Authors: Colauto Romualdo , Beuren Ilse Maria 
Published: April 2014

O trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar a aplicação da metodologia do custeio-alvo como suporte à decisões de desenvolvimento de novos produtos em indústria moveleira. Os procedimentos metodológicos consistiram de uma pesquisa exploratória, realizada por meio de um estudo de caso, tendo uma empresa brasileira fabricante de móveis sob medida como sujeito d a pesquisa. Assim, inicia-se com uma breve incursão nos aspectos conceituais do target costing, após contempla-se a abordagem da engenharia de valor, a seguir mostra-se a aplicação do custeio-alvo em uma indústria moveleira e apresenta-se as considerações finais do estudo. Os resultados da pesquisa evidenciam a viabilidade de aceitação de novo produto que atende às expectativas do cliente e ao mesmo tempo contemple o lucro operacional -meta estabelecido pela empresa.
DISCUSSÃO DE ESPECIFICAÇÕES PARA PROJETO DE VIATURA BLINDADA DE COMBATE DE FUZILEIROS
Authors: Da Silva Leonardo , Proença Júnior Domício 
Published: April 2014

Essa dissertação discute os parâmetros para o projeto de uma viatura de combate de fuzileiros (VBC-Fzo). A definição das especificações da viatura começou com a análise da necessidade de combinação de infantaria e carros de combate. As formas de cooperação desses dois elementos foram modeladas. Com base nesse modelo, foram discutidas as vantagens e as características de combate da infantaria equipada com uma viatura blindada específica. A etapa seguinte foi apresentar e discutir as características da VBC-Fzo, bem como problemas ligados à determinação do tamanho e da composição do grupo de combate transportado pela viatura. Na conclusão, foram apresentadas especificações para o projeto de viatura blindada de fuzileiros, com ênfase na mobilidade estratégica aérea.
<b> Sistema para avaliação da qualidade de pescados </b>
Authors: Fernandes Anita Maria da Rocha , Tomasi Maico , Pessatti Marcos Luiz 
Published: April 2014

Este trabalho descreve o funcionamento do software PAQPesc. Ele tem como funcionalidade principal avaliar a qualidade de pescados. O software utiliza técnicas de inteligência artificial e é construído na linguagem de programação PHP. Ele possui uma interface web, de forma que possa ser implantado em empresas produtoras ou em mercados pesqueiros, estando disponível aos clientes em estações ou pela Internet. Para o correto funcionamento do sistema, ele deve ser alimentado com os dados dos lotes produzidos e suas respectivas análises de qualidade: química, microbiológica e sensorial. O sistema permite ainda que o usuário solicite um diagnóstico geral da qualidade do pescado, apresentando-o na tela e possibilitando sua impressão. As análises químicas e microbiológicas são realizadas em laboratórios. Estas informações oriundas dos laboratórios são incluídas por usuários cadastrados com login e senha, permitindo que usuários cadastrados ou não ao utilizar o sistema possam ter acesso aos dados. As informações referentes às análises sensoriais podem ser incluídas por qualquer pessoa que deseje usar o sistema. Além do diagnóstico, também é possível utilizar o sistema para gerar estatísticas sobre a qualidade dos pescados disponibilizando-as para consulta e impressão. Palavras-chave: Inteligência Artificial. Sistemas de Informação. Qualidade do Pescado.
<b>Qualidade percebida e satisfação de clientes: um estudo exploratório sobre serviços prestados por uma agência de comunicação</b>
Authors: Milan Gabriel Sperandio , Brentano Juliana , De Toni Deonir 
Published: April 2014

O presente trabalho apresenta uma pesquisa exploratória realizada junto a uma agência de comunicação de pequeno porte. O estudo está voltado à ampliação do entendimento sobre a satisfação de clientes em relação aos serviços prestados. Neste sentido, por meio de entrevistas individuais, foi realizado um levantamento da percepção dos clientes no intuito de verificar quais são os principais atributos do serviço em relação à sua satisfação. Com base em tal análise, foram identificadas, também, as principais oportunidades que a empresa possui para a qualificação dos seus serviços, desdobrando-as em possíveis ações. Palavras-chave: Qualidade em Serviços, Satisfação de Clientes, Retenção de Clientes.
The Effect of Parental Migration on the Educational Attainment of Their Left-Behind Children in Rural China
Authors: Wang Sophie Xuefei 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
About 60 million children under the age of 18 are left behind by their parents in rural China. This paper studies the effect of migrant parents on the educational attainment of their left-behind children in rural China. A theoretical model of optimal schooling in the context of parental migration is proposed. Then, reduced-form equations are estimated using probit model, instrumental variables probit model, and linear instrumental variables model. Results show that parental migration has a negative effect on children’s school enrollment. This negative effect is significant and sizable on the school enrollment of boys, but insignificant on the school enrollment of girls. The most important source of this robust negative effect on boys is the absence of fathers. Results suggest that left-behind mothers or relatives cannot fulfill fathers’ role successfully in disciplining boys and help with their educational needs.
Synthesis and performance of a self crosslinkable acrylate copolymer with high compatibility for an oil well cement modifier
Authors: He Xianru , Chen Qian , Feng Chunhui , Wang Liang , Hou Hailong 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
High performance cement slurry polymer modifiers are increasingly in demand in the cementing process of oil and gas. A new polymer modifier with outstanding fluid loss control and high strength and toughness was synthesized by the main monomers butyl acrylate (BA), methyl methacrylate (MMA), acrylamide (AM), the functional monomers vinyltriethoxysilane (VTS), glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and the initiator of ammonium persulfate (APS) through emulsion polymerization. By using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer, a laser particle analyzer, a scanning electron microscope and a differential scanning calorimeter, we studied the mechanism of fluid loss control and microstructure of polymer latex cement slurries. The experimental results showed that the copolymer could be crosslinked at 160°C and have the lowest fluid loss control, 12 ml, when the polymer content reached 5%. Acrylate latex modified by the silane coupling agent VTS had excellent performance on fluid loss control, as well as mechanical properties for oil well cement. These results have a potential significant value for the development of a new polymer cement modifier with high thermal stability and durability.
Water absorption and thickness swelling behavior of almond (Prunus amygdalus L.) shell particles and coconut (Cocos nucifera) fiber hybrid epoxy-based biocomposite
Authors: Chaudhary Arun Kumar , Gope Prakash Chandra , Singh Vinay K. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIn this research, the suitability of almond shell and coconut fiber as a renewable agricultural residue for the manufacturing of biocomposite to be used as a replacement of wood was investigated. The use of agriculture waste as a reinforcement in composite may result in several environmental and socioeconomic benefits. A biocomposite containing different weight percentages of almond shell particle (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 wt%) and coconut fiber (2, 4, and 6 wt%) mixed with 20 wt% almond shell particles was made using epoxy resin and 0.5 wt% tricresyl phosphate. The water absorption (WA), thickness swelling (TS), and morphology [scanning electron microscopy (SEM)] test of the biocomposite were determined. The rate of WA is less in saline water (SW) compared to rainwater (RW). The influence of the addition of coconut fiber is more compared with the almond shell particles for both the WA and TS.
Suppression of Cellular Immune Response in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larvae by Endophytic Fungi Nigrospora oryzae and Cladosporium uredinicola
Authors: Thakur Abhinay , Singh Varinder , Kaur Amarjeet , Kaur Sanehdeep 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Endophytic fungi are a group of microbial plant symbionts that occur in living tissues of plants without causing visible disease symptoms. The mechanism underlying the anti-insect properties of endophytes is mainly attributed to the production of various alkaloid-based defensive compounds. The current study reveals the cytotoxic effects of endophytic Nigrospora oryzae- and Cladosporium uredinicola-infected cauliflower plants on larval hemocytes of Spodoptera litura (F.). Larvae fed on leaves of endophyte-infected plants exhibited abnormalities such as change in shape, extensive vacuolization, and necrosis in significantly higher percentage of hemocytes. The percentage of abnormal hemocytes increased with increase in feeding duration. The cytotoxic effect of endophytic fungi on the hemocytes ultimately leads to adverse effects on survival and fitness of the insect.
Recent Trends in Orthopedic Surgery Aiming to Improve Quality of Life for Those with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Data from a Large Observational Cohort
Authors: Momohara Shigeki , Inoue Eisuke , Ikari Katsunori , Ochi Kensuke , Ishida Osamu , Yano Koichiro , Sakuma Yu , Yoshida Shinji , Koyama Takuma , Koenuma Naoko , Taniguchi Atsuo , Yamanaka Hisashi 
Published: April 2014

Objective.To describe current trends in the numbers of rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-related surgeries.Methods.The number of operations was determined for patients with RA in a large observational cohort [Institute of Rheumatology, Rheumatoid Arthritis (IORRA)] enrolled from 2001 to 2012.Results.The total number of operations peaked in 2002 and gradually decreased thereafter, but began to increase again in 2008. The number of total knee replacements has decreased since 2003, while the number of wrist and foot arthroplasties and the number of artificial finger prosthesis surgeries have increased gradually.Conclusion.Our results suggest that the number of orthopedic surgeries may change in response to changes in the drug therapy for RA.
The management of non-melanocytic skin malignancies of the scalp and calvarium
Authors: Çöloğlu Harun , Özkan Burak , Şener Mesut , Uysal Ahmet Çağri , Borman Hüseyin 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT
Background: The management of advanced cutaneous malignancies has been controversial. Thirteen patients with nonmelanoma skin neoplasias that had invaded the bone of the calvarium and scalp were treated in our centre. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate our experience in treating these malignancies with scalp resection and full or partial thickness cranium reconstruction. Patients and Methods: From June 2008 to March 2012, thirteen patients with locally advanced tumours of the scalp invading the calvarium were treated with wide local excision of the scalp combined with an underlying craniectomy and dural resection if needed. Results: Using histopathological diagnosis eleven patients were diagnosed with basal cell carcinoma and two patients with squamous cell carcinoma. A full thickness cranium resection was performed in seven patients and partial in six patients. Conclusion: These large cancers occasionally invade adjacent structures, as well as bone, presenting a challenging surgical problem. In general, giant rotational or island scalp flaps and free tissue transfers are needed to close the area. Finding clean margins are an important part of treating patients with bone involvement and can usually be attained using outer tabula curettage thus preventing unnecessary morbidity.
Education in plastic surgery: Are we headed in the right direction?
Authors: Khare Nishant , Puri Vinita 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT
Introduction: Plastic surgery in India is in an era of transition. The speciality faces many challenges as it grows. The present study attempts to identify these challenges and the prevalent mood among the teachers and the trainees. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted from September 2011 to June 2012. In an E-mail based survey a questionnaire was mailed to professionals actively involved in teaching and training of residents in plastic surgery in many institutes running MCh courses in plastic surgery (Group I) [Appendix 1]. Another questionnaire was mailed to residents undergoing training in plastic surgery and those who had completed their training within past 2 years (Group II) [Appendix 2]. Chi-square test was applied to test for statistical significance. Observations: 29 Group I and 33 Group II subjects responded to the questionnaire. While 72.4% teachers believed that the current system is producing plastic surgeons with enough skill level, only 9.1% of the respondents in Group II thought the same (Chi-square = 28.1; df = 2; P < 0.001). Whereas 58.6% Group I respondents thought that their student is sufficiently equipped to compete in today’s scenario [Figure 1], only 18.2% Group II respondents thought that their training is enough [Figure 2]. (Chi-square = 16.4; df = 2; P < 0.001). Nearly 28% respondents in Group I and only 3% in Group II thought that scientific research and publications should be made mandatory for successful completion of plastic surgery training (Chi-square = 9.4; df = 2; P = 0.009). Adequate exposure was thought to be available in general plastic surgery (Group I: 92% Group II: 81%), maxillofacial surgery (Group I: 72% Group II: 68%) and hand surgery (Group I: 84% Group II: 69%). Both groups agreed that exposure is lacking in craniofacial surgery, aesthetic surgery and microvascular surgery. Aesthetic surgery (38.7%) and microvascular surgery (32.6%) were the most frequent response when the Group II respondents were enquired about the subspeciality they would like to focus on in their practice. Inter-departmental exchange of students for limited period of time was favoured by 86.2% of Group I respondents and 93.9% Group II respondents (Chi-square = 1.3; df = 2; P = 0.49). Conclusion: The current training programme is differently perceived by teachers and the trainees. We recommend that constant deliberations at national and regional forums should take place regarding our education and training programmes.
Large gastric ulcer: Result of foreign body-induced giant cell reaction
Authors: Dhakal Mona , Dhakal Om Prakash , Sherpa Mingma , Gupta Amlan , Bhandari Dhurba 
Published: April 2014

AbstractA granuloma is an organized and compact mass of mature mononuclear phagocytes. Granulomas are reported to form in various organs and sites of the body. Granulomas in stomach are rarely encountered. Foreign body granulomas are formed as a result of reaction of the tissues to a foreign body which is immunologically inert. Food granuloma is type of foreign body granuloma which is formed in response to food particles like vegetable matters or cereals. These granulomas can be distinguished from other types of granulomas with ease because of their characteristic morphologic features. We report the case of a 29-year-old male who developed a large gastric ulcer as a result of foreign body–induced giant cell reaction, which was probably of vegetative origin. He was treated with the regimen for Helicobacter pylori, rabeprazole and sucralfate. This treatment resulted in partial healing of the ulcer with persistence of food granuloma; hence, the patient was referred for surgery.