bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
2010 Perinatal GBS Prevention Guideline and Resource Utilization
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Sagori , Dukhovny Dmitry , Mao Wenyang , Eichenwald Eric C. , Puopolo Karen M. 
Published: January 2014

OBJECTIVES:To quantify differences in early-onset sepsis (EOS) evaluations, evaluation-associated resource utilization, and EOS cases detected, when comparing time periods before and after the implementation of an EOS algorithm based on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) 2010 guidelines for prevention of perinatal Group B Streptococcus (GBS) disease.METHODS:Retrospective cohort study of infants born at ≥36 weeks’ gestation from 2009 to 2012 in a single tertiary care center. One 12-month period during which EOS evaluations were based on the CDC 2002 guideline was compared with a second 12-month period during which EOS evaluations were based on the CDC 2010 guideline. A cost minimization analysis was performed to determine the EOS evaluation-associated costs and resources during each time period.RESULTS:During the study periods, among well-appearing infants ≥36 weeks’ gestation, EOS evaluations for inadequate GBS prophylaxis decreased from 32/1000 to &lt;1/1000 live births; EOS evaluation-associated costs decreased by $6994 per 1000 live births; and EOS evaluation-associated work hours decreased by 29 per 1000 live births. We found no increase in EOS evaluations for other indications, total NICU admissions, frequency of infants evaluated for symptoms before hospital discharge, or incidence of EOS during the 2 study periods.CONCLUSIONS:Implementation of an EOS algorithm based on CDC 2010 GBS guidelines resulted in a 25% decrease in EOS evaluations performed among well-appearing infants ≥36 weeks’ gestation, attributable to decreased evaluation of infants born in the setting of inadequate indicated GBS prophylaxis. This resulted in significant changes in EOS evaluation-associated resource expenditures.
Influence of Crown/Implant Ratio on Marginal Bone Loss: A Systematic Review
Authors: Garaicoa‐Pazmiño Carlos , Suárez‐López del Amo Fernando , Monje Alberto , Catena Andrés , Ortega‐Oller Inmaculada , Galindo‐Moreno Pablo , Wang Hom‐Lay 
Published: January 2014

Background: With the increased use of short dental implants (<10 mm), a high crown/implant (C/I) ratio has become a common finding. However, the effect of the C/I ratio on the marginal bone loss (MBL) has not yet been examined extensively. Hence, the aim of the present systematic review is to explore the influence of the C/I ratio on the success rate and MBL of dental implants.Methods: Three electronic databases (PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, and Cochrane Central) and a manual search for human trials with a minimal follow‐up of 6 months are used for the present study. A statistical analysis of the influence of the C/I ratio was performed on the peri‐implant MBL while considering follow‐up period, type of implants, implant connection, and technical and biologic complications.Results: One hundred ninety‐six potential articles were identified on the selected databases. Only 57 articles were selected for full‐text evaluation. According to the inclusion criteria, a total of 13 articles were included in this systematic review. A significant negative association between the C/I ratio and the MBL was found (P = 0.012). However, no statistically significant difference was found (P >0.15) for potential effects regarding the observation period, the type of implant connection, or between both methods of evaluating the C/I ratio.Conclusions: Within the limitations of the present study, the C/I ratio of implant‐supported restorations has an effect on peri‐implant marginal bone level. Within the range of 0.6/1 to 2.36/1, the higher the C/I ratio, the less the peri‐implant MBL.
The Onset of Depression During the Great Recession: Foreclosure and Older Adult Mental Health
Authors: Cagney Kathleen A. , Browning Christopher R. , Iveniuk James , English Ned 
Published: January 2014

Objectives. We examined neighborhood-level foreclosure rates and their association with onset of depressive symptoms in older adults. Methods. We linked data from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (2005–2006 and 2010–2011 waves), a longitudinal, nationally representative survey, to data on zip code–level foreclosure rates, and predicted the onset of depressive symptoms using logit-linked regression. Results. Multiple stages of the foreclosure process predicted the onset of depressive symptoms, with adjustment for demographic characteristics and changes in household assets, neighborhood poverty, and visible neighborhood disorder. A large increase in the number of notices of default (odds ratio [OR] = 1.75; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.14, 2.67) and properties returning to ownership by the bank (OR = 1.62; 95% CI = 1.06, 2.47) were associated with depressive symptoms. A large increase in properties going to auction was suggestive of such an association (OR = 1.45; 95% CI = 0.96, 2.19). Age, fewer years of education, and functional limitations also were predictive. Conclusions. Increases in neighborhood-level foreclosure represent an important risk factor for depression in older adults. These results accord with previous studies suggesting that the effects of economic crises are typically first experienced through deficits in emotional well-being.
How Auditors Perceive Sanction Severity and the Detection of Violations: Insights into Professional Vulnerabilities
Authors: Peytcheva Marietta , Warren Danielle E. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT
In this study of auditor perceptions, we examine sanction severity for a broad array of workplace sanctions, ranging from informal to formal, and stemming from multiple sources (clients, coworkers, audit partners, professional bodies). We also probe perceptions of violation detection, with a specific focus on the individuals most likely to detect a violation (coworker, audit partner, client, professional body). Through detailed examinations, we are able to identify gaps in patterns of sanction severity and sources of detection. While the profession assigns the most severe sanctions, our study suggests auditors believe the violations associated with professional sanctions are more likely to be detected by the client rather than the coworker or the audit partner. We assert that such perceptions could lead to vulnerabilities in the power and effectiveness of professional sanctions.
Inhibition effect of free ammonia and free nitrous acid on nitrite-oxidising bacteria during sludge liquor treatment: influence of feeding strategy
Authors: Svehla Pavel , Bartacek Jan , Pacek Lukas , Hrncirova Helena , Radechovsky Josef , Hanc Ales , Jenicek Pavel 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe importance of feeding strategy for the long-term selective inhibition of nitrite-oxidising bacteria (NOB) was demonstrated by comparison of laboratory-scale bioreactors: Completely Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) and Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR). Moreover, the effect of the change of reactor operation regime from CSTR to SBR was demonstrated. Sludge liquor containing ammonia nitrogen in a range of 970–1500 mg L−1 was the influent of the reactors. The experiments were performed at (23 ± 2)°C, with high concentration of dissolved oxygen (up to 8 mg L−1) and with unlimited sludge retention time. In the SBR, permanent restriction of NOB activity was achieved for more than 700 days by the strong inhibition effect of fluctuating concentrations of free ammonia and free nitrous acid during the operational cycles of SBR. In contrast, nitrite-oxidising bacteria were able to gradually adapt to the conditions prevailing in CSTR and produce nitrate although the concentration of free ammonia and free nitrous acid significantly exceeded inhibition limits for NOB activity in this system. Transferring the reactor operation regime from CSTR to SBR resulted in immediate and permanent inhibition of NOB activity in the reactor.
Albedo variations and the impact of clouds on glaciers in the Chilean semi-arid Andes
Authors: Abermann Jakob , Kinnard Christophe , MacDonell Shelley 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAlbedo variations are presented at two on-glacier sites in the semi-arid Andes, Chile, with >3 years of continuous measurements. Although <2 km apart and at similar elevations, the sites show significantly different albedo cycles. Whereas Toro 1 exhibits a clear seasonal cycle, Guanaco reveals a more complicated pattern, as exposed ice can occur in any month of the year. Daily albedo values are as low as 0.18 for debris-covered Toro 1, while minima are higher on Guanaco (0.38). A method is presented to discern cloud-free from cloudy conditions using measured incoming shortwave radiation only. A cloud climatology is provided showing very low cloudiness values. We see that effective cloud cover relates inversely to cloud occurrence (i.e. either more but thin or fewer but thick clouds). The cloud-free diurnal albedo cycle is pronounced, with lowest values around noon. Clouds increase albedo by 0.04 as a median hourly value, and 0.20 for the 95% quantile. There is a positive relationship between effective cloud cover and resulting albedo rise. Calculations as to whether the diurnal albedo cycle or the effect of clouds on albedo should be considered in energy-balance estimations show that the former is necessary whereas the latter can be neglected in the semi-arid Andes.
Islet Antigen-Specific Th17 Cells Can Induce TNF-α–Dependent Autoimmune Diabetes
Authors: Li Cheng-Rui , Mueller Erin E. , Bradley Linda M. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells. Although Th1 cells are key orchestrators of T1D, the function(s) of the more recently identified Th17 subset are unclear due to inherent plasticity. In this study, we analyzed Th17 cells for stability and diabetogenicity in NOD mice. We found that like Th1 cells, Th17 are a distinct population throughout the prediabetic phase. At diabetes onset, there were marked increases in IL-17–producing Th17 cells and IFN-γ–producing Th1 cells in the pancreas as well as in the serum levels of these cytokines, indicating that these proinflammatory mediators serve as biomarkers of advanced autoimmunity. Although naturally occurring Th17 cells in diabetic mice did not contribute to diabetes development in transfer models, islet-specific Th17 cells were diabetogenic independently of IL-17 and displayed inflammation-induced Th17-to-Th1 reprogramming that could be elicited by Th1 cells. However, an inability to generate Th1 cells because of Stat4, Ifngr, and Ifng deficiencies did not prevent diabetes. Instead, TNF-α could mediate diabetes in response to either Th17 cells or Th1 cells. The results identify a previously unknown mechanism by which Th17 cells can contribute to T1D. Our studies also suggest that when developing interventions for T1D, it will be potentially advantageous to focus on mechanisms common to effector T cells rather than on the signature cytokines of various subsets.
Role of Th1/Th17 Balance Regulated by T-bet in a Mouse Model of Mycobacterium avium Complex Disease
Authors: Matsuyama Masashi , Ishii Yukio , Yageta Yuichi , Ohtsuka Shigeo , Ano Satoshi , Matsuno Yosuke , Morishima Yuko , Yoh Keigyou , Takahashi Satoru , Ogawa Kenji , Hogaboam Cory M. , Hizawa Nobuyuki 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Th1 immune responses are thought to be important in protection against intracellular pathogens. T-bet is a critical regulator for Th1 cell differentiation and Th1 cytokine production. The aim of this study was to determine the role of T-bet in host defense against Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection. Wild-type mice, T-bet–deficient mice, and T-bet–overexpressing mice were infected with MAC via intratracheal inoculation. Macrophages and dendritic cells obtained from these mice were incubated with MAC. T-bet–deficient mice were highly susceptible to MAC, compared with wild-type mice and T-bet–overexpressing mice. Neutrophilic pulmonary inflammation was also enhanced in T-bet–deficient mice, but attenuated in T-bet–overexpressing mice, following MAC infection. Cytokine expression shifted toward Th1 in the lung and spleen of T-bet–overexpressing mice, but toward Th17 in T-bet–deficient mice. IFN-γ supplementation to T-bet–deficient mice reduced systemic MAC growth but did not reduce pulmonary inflammation. In contrast, neutralization of IL-17 in T-bet–deficient mice reduced pulmonary inflammation but did not affect mycobacterial growth in any organs tested. T-bet–deficient T cells tended to differentiate toward Th17 cells in vitro following exposure to MAC. Treatment with NO donor suppressed MAC-induced Th17 cell differentiation of T-bet–deficient T cells. This study identified that the fine balance between Th1 and Th17 responses is essential in defining the outcome of MAC disease. T-bet functions as a regulator for Th1/Th17 balance and is a critical determinant for host resistance to MAC infection by controlling cytokine and NO levels.
A rare pleural mucinous cystadenocarcinoma mimicking loculated empyema initially: A case report
Authors: Moon Sung Min , Seon Hyun Ju , Choi Yoo-Duk , Song Sang-Yun 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWe report a case of pleural mucinous cystadenocarcinoma which was mistaken to be a loculated empyema on chest CT. To the best of our knowledge, this entity has never been previously reported in literature.
Significance of various pulmonary and extrapulmonary abnormalities on HRCT of the chest in scleroderma lung
Authors: Pandey Anoop Kumar , Wilcox Pearce , O′ Brien Julie , Ellis Jennifer , Brown Jacquie , Leipsic Jonathon 
Published: January 2014

AbstractPatients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) are routinely investigated with high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) chest for early detection and accurate characterization of complicating interstitial lung diseases. Though the primary aim of HRCT is to delineate the burden of pulmonary involvement and to characterize the nature of fibrosis to potentially help guide management, it provides an opportunity to evaluate extrapulmonary manifestations, particularly the dilated pulmonary artery, esophageal dilatation, and pericardial abnormalities which have their own clinical significance. The aim of this article is to discuss the significance of various pulmonary and extrapulmonary abnormalities that may be identified on HRCT chest of SSc patients.
Isolated retroaortic left innominate vein in an adult without cardiac or aortic anomalies
Authors: Srinivasan Sivasubramanian , Kannivelu Anbalagan , Ali Syed Zama , See Poh Lye Paul 
Published: January 2014

AbstractRetroaortic innominate vein is an uncommon variant reported in patients with congenital heart disease. However, isolated retroaortic innominate vein without associated cardiac or arch anomalies is extremely rare. We present a case of a 68-year-old man who was found to have this anomalous variant incidentally on computed tomography (CT) of the thorax. We also briefly discuss its associations, embryology, and clinical significance.
MRI evaluation of pathologies affecting the corpus callosum: A pictorial essay
Authors: Kazi Aamish Z , Joshi Priscilla C , Kelkar Abhimanyu B , Mahajan Mangal S , Ghawate Amit S 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe corpus callosum is a midline cerebral structure and has a unique embryological development pattern. In this article, we describe the pathophysiology and present imaging findings of various typical/atypical conditions affecting the corpus callosum. Since many of these pathologies have characteristic appearances on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and their therapeutic approaches are poles apart, ranging from medical to surgical, the neuroradiologist should be well aware of them.
Encephalocraniocutaneous lipomatosis with calvarial exostosis - Case report and review of literature
Authors: Thakur Shruti , Thakur Vijay , Sood Ram Gopal , Thakur Charu Smita , Khanna Shweta 
Published: January 2014

AbstractEncephalocraniocutaneous lipomatosis (ECCL), also known as Haberland syndrome, is a rare syndrome with unknown etiology. The syndrome is characterized by a triad of unique cutaneous, ocular, and central nervous system (CNS) manifestations. The cutaneous hallmark, nevus psiloliparus (NP), along with overlying alopecia is a constant feature. Choristoma of the eyelid is the most common ocular manifestation, while intracranial lipoma is the predominant CNS finding. Genetic counseling is required to emphasize that the disorder, although congenital, is not inheritable. We present a 21-year-old female with cutaneous, ocular, and CNS features satisfying the diagnostic criteria for ECCL. To our knowledge, this is the first case of ECCL having a large temporal exostosis. The objective of this article is to better understand the phenotypic spectrum of this syndrome whose molecular basis is still unknown.
Qualitative ultrasound elastography assessment of benign thyroid nodules: Patterns and intra-observer acquisition variability
Authors: Lacout Alexis , Chevenet Carole , Thariat Juliette , Figl Andrea , Marcy Pierre-Yves 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Purpose: To report and evaluate qualitative elastography patterns by using gray-scale and Doppler ultrasound (US) in patients presenting with benign thyroid nodules and to evaluate the reproducibility of US elastography examinations. Materials and Methods: Institutional review board approval was obtained, and all patients provided informed consent. Over a 3-month time period, all consecutive adult patients were referred to our institution to undergo a thyroid nodule fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) procedure. Patients presenting with benign cytology according to the Bethesda 2008 classification were prospectively enrolled in the study. Each thyroid nodule was assessed by using gray-scale, Doppler US, and elastography acquisitions by a single operator (A. L.). Multiple elastography acquisitions per thyroid nodule were performed and elastography scorings of the nodules were compared with each other. Results: Nineteen patients (16 women and 3 men, mean age 58 years) with 22 thyroid nodules were included in the present study. Elastographic patterns 1, 2, and 3 were reported (23% nodules showed pattern 3). The elastography pattern showed a strong variability in 13 nodules (59%). The elastography acquisition result variability involved the "malignant" pattern 3 in 36% of cases. Conclusion: Almost one-third of benign thyroid nodules displayed pattern 3 on qualitative US elastography. The intra-observer variability of the benign thyroid elastography scoring is wide, thus limiting the thyroid nodule US examination accuracy. In FNAB-proven benign thyroid nodules, elastography pattern 3 is frequent and cannot be used as a strong indicator of thyroid malignancy.
Mammographic and sonographic features of fat necrosis of the breast
Authors: Upadhyaya Vidya S , Uppoor Raghuraj , Shetty Lathika 
Published: January 2014

AbstractImaging features of fat necrosis vary depending on its stage of evolution and can mimic malignancy in late stages. Imaging may suffice to differentiate fat necrosis in the early stages from malignancy and thus avoid unnecessary biopsy. In this pictorial essay, we present combination of benign features in mammography and/or ultrasonography (USG) that can lead to imaging diagnosis of fat necrosis. The follow-up imaging features of fat necrosis which mirror its pathophysiological evolution have also been demonstrated. To summarize, in the appropriate clinical setting, no mammographic features suspicious for malignancy should be present. When the typical mammographic features are not present, USG can aid with the diagnosis and follow up USG can confirm it.
Property T and Amenable Transformation Group C*-algebras
Authors: Kamalov F. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIt is well known that a discrete group that is both amenable and has Kazhdan’s Property T must be finite. In this note we generalize this statement to the case of transformation groups. We show that if G is a discrete amenable group acting on a compact Hausdorff space X, then the transformation group C*-algebra C*(X; G) has Property T if and only if both X and G are finite. Our approach does not rely on the use of tracial states on C*(X; G).
Izkušnje z uporabo Evropskega jezikovnega listovnika (EJL) pri odraslih učencih v Sloveniji
Authors: Skela Janez 
Published: January 2014

Prispevek najprej osvetli načela in cilje Evropskega jezikovnega listovnika (EJL), ki s svojo zasnovo spodbuja vseživljenjsko učenje tujih jezikov in krepi medkulturne izkušnje na vseh stopnjah učenja. Zatem je pojasnjen nastanek EJL in njegov odnos do Skupnega evropskega jezikovnega okvira (SEJO) – še enega temeljnega instrumenta Sveta Evrope – ker se ju pogosto zamenjuje. V nadaljevanju sta predstavljeni dve osnovni funkciji EJL in njegova zgradba, pri čemer so podrobno opisani njegovi trije obvezni sestavni deli: jezikovna izkaznica, jezikovni življenjepis in zbirnik. Po tej predstavitvi je prikazan vpliv, ki ga je doslej imel EJL na učenje in poučevanje tujih jezikov v Evropi in širše. Temu sledi predstavitev slovenskih modelov EJL in izkušenj z njihovim uvajanjem v naš šolski prostor. Prispevek se izteče z obravnavo glavnih značilnosti slovenskega modela EJL za odrasle.
Understanding the Various Aspects of Performance Management Systems (Case Study of a Private School)
Authors: Sarwar Shakeel , Ahmed Mashal , Muneer Gulnaz 
Published: January 2014

“Treat people the way they are and they will stay that way. Treat people the way they can become and they will become that way” (Johann Wolfgang von Goethe). Performance management is one of the most important construct in management research. This exploratory study elaborates the various aspects of the performance management system. Researchers have taken a private school as a case study. The purpose of this study is to analyze the performance management system of a private school in terms of the appraisal procedures used for the evaluation of teachers and to assess the effectiveness of the performance management system. A combination of quantitative and qualitative research approach has been adopted that consist of a questionnaire and semi structured interviews in order to understand the different aspects of the performance management system. 3 head teachers and 22 teachers have participated in this research. The findings revealed that proper monitoring, effective recognition, rewards and feedback may add value to the overall process of the performance management system. Findings have also shown that the appraisal form is used annually for the evaluation and feedback about teachers is taken only from the class representatives these are the hindering factor in the evaluation system of the case study school. Researchers have also explored some suggestive solutions for the improvement of the current performance management system. The current study will not only contribute to the performance management research but it can also be important study for considering issues during the implementation of performance management system in private schools.