bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brain self-regulation in criminal psychopaths
Authors: Konicar Lilian , Veit Ralf , Eisenbarth Hedwig , Barth Beatrix , Tonin Paolo , Strehl Ute , Birbaumer Niels 
Published: March 2015

AbstractPsychopathic individuals are characterized by impaired affective processing, impulsivity, sensation-seeking, poor planning skills and heightened aggressiveness with poor self-regulation. Based on brain self-regulation studies using neurofeedback of Slow Cortical Potentials (SCPs) in disorders associated with a dysregulation of cortical activity thresholds and evidence of deficient cortical functioning in psychopathy, a neurobiological approach seems to be promising in the treatment of psychopathy. The results of our intensive brain regulation intervention demonstrate, that psychopathic offenders are able to gain control of their brain excitability over fronto-central brain areas. After SCP self-regulation training, we observed reduced aggression, impulsivity and behavioral approach tendencies, as well as improvements in behavioral-inhibition and increased cortical sensitivity for error-processing. This study demonstrates improvements on the neurophysiological, behavioral and subjective level in severe psychopathic offenders after SCP-neurofeedback training and could constitute a novel neurobiologically-based treatment for a seemingly change-resistant group of criminal psychopaths.
Evaluation of extraction kits and RT-qPCR systems adapted to high-throughput platform for circulating miRNAs
Authors: Tan Geok Wee , Khoo Alan Soo Beng , Tan Lu Ping 
Published: March 2015

AbstractMicroRNAs regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Differential expression of miRNAs can potentially be used as biomarkers for early diagnosis and prediction for outcomes. Failure in validation of miRNA profiles is often caused by variations in experimental parameters. In this study, the performance of five extraction kits and three RT-qPCR systems were evaluated using BioMark high-throughput platform and the effects of different experimental parameters on circulating miRNA levels were determined. Differences in the performance of extraction kits as well as varying accuracy, sensitivity and reproducibility in qPCR systems were observed. Normalisation of RT-qPCR data to spike-in controls can reduce extraction bias. However, the extent of correlation for different qPCR systems varies in different assays. At different time points, there was no significant fold change in eight of the plasma miRNAs that we evaluated. Higher level of miRNAs was detected in plasma as compared to serum of the same cohort. In summary, we demonstrated that high-throughput RT-qPCR with pre-amplification step had increased sensitivity and can be achieved with accuracy and high reproducibility through stringent experimental controls. The information provided here is useful for planning biomarker validation studies involving circulating miRNAs.
Reprogramming of orientation columns in visual cortex: a domino effect
Authors: Bachatene Lyes , Bharmauria Vishal , Cattan Sarah , Rouat Jean , Molotchnikoff Stéphane 
Published: March 2015

AbstractCortical organization rests upon the fundamental principle that neurons sharing similar properties are co-located. In the visual cortex, neurons are organized into orientation columns. In a column, most neurons respond optimally to the same axis of an oriented edge, that is, the preferred orientation. This orientation selectivity is believed to be absolute in adulthood. However, in a fully mature brain, it has been established that neurons change their selectivity following sensory experience or visual adaptation. Here, we show that after applying an adapter away from the tested cells, neurons whose receptive fields were located remotely from the adapted site also exhibit a novel selectivity in spite of the fact that they were not adapted. These results indicate a robust reconfiguration and remapping of the orientation domains with respect to each other thus removing the possibility of an orientation hole in the new hypercolumn. These data suggest that orientation columns transcend anatomy and are almost strictly functionally dynamic.
Transparent Organic Photodetector using a Near-Infrared Absorbing Cyanine Dye
Authors: Zhang Hui , Jenatsch Sandra , De Jonghe Jelissa , Nüesch Frank , Steim Roland , Véron Anna C. , Hany Roland 
Published: March 2015

AbstractOrganic photodetectors are interesting for low cost, large area optical sensing applications. Combining organic semiconductors with discrete absorption bands outside the visible wavelength range with transparent and conductive electrodes allows for the fabrication of visibly transparent photodetectors. Visibly transparent photodetectors can have far reaching impact in a number of areas including smart displays, window-integrated electronic circuits and sensors. Here, we demonstrate a near-infrared sensitive, visibly transparent organic photodetector with a very high average visible transmittance of 68.9%. The transmitted light of the photodetector under solar irradiation exhibits excellent transparency colour perception and rendering capabilities. At a wavelength of 850 nm and at −1 V bias, the photoconversion efficiency is 17% and the specific detectivity is 1012 Jones. Large area photodetectors with an area of 1.6 cm2 are demonstrated.
Bismuth Sulfide Nanoflowers for Detection of X-rays in the Mammographic Energy Range
Authors: Nambiar Shruti , Osei Ernest K. , Yeow John T. W. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe increased use of diagnostic x-rays, especially in the field of medical radiology, has necessitated a significant demand for high resolution, real-time radiation detectors. In this regard, the photoresponse of bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3), an n-type semiconducting metal chalcogenide, to low energy x-rays has been investigated in this study. In recent years, several types of nanomaterials of Bi2S3 have been widely studied for optoelectronic and thermoelectric applications. However, photoresponse of Bi2S3 nanomaterials for dosimetric applications has not yet been reported. The photosensitivity of Bi2S3 with nanoscale “flower-like” structures was characterized under x-ray tube-potentials typically used in mammographic procedures. Both dark current and photocurrent were measured under varying x-ray doses, field sizes and bias voltages for each of the tube potentials – 20, 23, 26 and 30 kV. Results show that the Bi2S3 nanoflowers instantaneously responded to even minor changes in the dose delivered. The photoresponse was found to be relatively high (few nA) at bias voltage as low as +1 V and fairly repeatable for both short and long exposures to mammographic x-rays with minimal or no loss in sensitivity. The overall dose-sensitivity of the Bi2S3 nanoflowers was found to be similar to that of a micro-ionization chamber.
Reversible Conversion of Dominant Polarity in Ambipolar Polymer/Graphene Oxide Hybrids
Authors: Zhou Ye , Han Su-Ting , Sonar Prashant , Ma Xinlei , Chen Jihua , Zheng Zijian , Roy V. A. L. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe possibility to selectively modulate the charge carrier transport in semiconducting materials is extremely challenging for the development of high performance and low-power consuming logic circuits. Systematical control over the polarity (electrons and holes) in transistor based on solution processed layer by layer polymer/graphene oxide hybrid system has been demonstrated. The conversion degree of the polarity is well controlled and reversible by trapping the opposite carriers. Basically, an electron device is switched to be a hole only device or vice versa. Finally, a hybrid layer ambipolar inverter is demonstrated in which almost no leakage of opposite carrier is found. This hybrid material has wide range of applications in planar p-n junctions and logic circuits for high-throughput manufacturing of printed electronic circuits.
Family environment and the malleability of cognitive ability: A Swedish national home-reared and adopted-away cosibling control study
Authors: Kendler Kenneth S. , Turkheimer Eric , Ohlsson Henrik , Sundquist Jan , Sundquist Kristina 
Published: March 2015

Significance
Individual differences in cognitive ability result from a complex admixture of genetic and environmental influences. Adopted children are one way to estimate the degree of malleability of cognitive ability in response to environmental change in the context of a scientific design that can control for genetic differences among individuals. Sibling pairs in which one member is adopted away and the other reared by biological parents are a particularly powerful research design. In a large population-based sample of separated siblings from Sweden, we demonstrate that adoption into improved socioeconomic circumstances is associated with a significant advantage in IQ at age 18. We replicate the finding in a parallel sample of half-siblings.
Late Pleistocene horse and camel hunting at the southern margin of the ice-free corridor: Reassessing the age of Wally’s Beach, Canada
Authors: Waters Michael R. , Stafford Thomas W. , Kooyman Brian , Hills L. V. 
Published: March 2015

Significance
Archaeological discoveries at Wally’s Beach, Canada, provide the only direct evidence of horse and camel hunting in the Americas at the end of the last Ice Age. Here, seven horses and one camel were attacked and butchered near a river crossing by prehistoric hunters. New radiocarbon dates revise the age of these kill and butchering localities to 13,300 y ago. Other North American kill and butchering sites show that prehistoric hunters preyed on 6 of the 36 genera of large mammals, called megafauna, for at least 2,000 y before these animals became extinct, around 12,700 y ago. Accurate dating is necessary to build meaningful chronologies for the Ice Age peopling of the Americas and to understand megafauna extinctions.
Enhanced expression of DNA polymerase eta contributes to cisplatin resistance of ovarian cancer stem cells
Authors: Srivastava Amit Kumar , Han Chunhua , Zhao Ran , Cui Tiantian , Dai Yuntao , Mao Charlene , Zhao Weiqiang , Zhang Xiaoli , Yu Jianhua , Wang Qi-En 
Published: March 2015

Significance
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) exhibit enhanced chemo/radiotherapy resistance, and their survival following cancer treatment is believed to be responsible for tumor recurrence and metastasis. Thus, understanding the mechanisms through which CSCs survive conventional chemotherapy is essential for identification of new therapeutic strategies to prevent tumor relapse. Our findings that ovarian CSCs survive cisplatin treatment through elevated expression of polymerase η represent an opportunity to eradicate CSCs and improve the survival of ovarian cancer patients. In addition, identification of miR-93 as the regulator of polymerase η expression provides a target to increase the efficacy of cisplatin treatment.
Motion of proximal histidine and structural allosteric transition in soluble guanylate cyclase
Authors: Yoo Byung-Kuk , Lamarre Isabelle , Martin Jean-Louis , Rappaport Fabrice , Negrerie Michel 
Published: March 2015

Significance
Soluble guanylate cyclase is the mammalian endogenous nitric oxide (NO) receptor that controls numerous signaling physiological processes. Time-resolved spectroscopy allowed us to probe the dynamics of the heme coordination after NO release and binding. After photodissociation of NO, all heme transitions are identified within the time range of 1 ps to 0.2 s, notably the bond breaking and reformation between the heme iron and proximal His, which are major events for the activation/deactivation processes. It is thus possible to demonstrate that the structural allosteric transition occurs in the time range 1–50 μs, which remarkably matches the time range observed for hemoglobin, the prototypic protein for allostery. These findings relate not only to NO signaling but also to general allostery in heme proteins.
Jupiter’s decisive role in the inner Solar System’s early evolution
Authors: Batygin Konstantin , Laughlin Greg 
Published: March 2015

Significance
The Solar System is an unusual member of the galactic planetary census in that it lacks planets that reside in close proximity to the Sun. In this work, we propose that the primordial nebula-driven process responsible for retention of Jupiter and Saturn at large orbital radii and sculpting Mars’ low mass is also responsible for clearing out the Solar System’s innermost region. Cumulatively, our results place the Solar System and the mechanisms that shaped its unique orbital architecture into a broader, extrasolar context.
Auranofin exerts broad-spectrum bactericidal activities by targeting thiol-redox homeostasis
Authors: Harbut Michael B. , Vilchèze Catherine , Luo Xiaozhou , Hensler Mary E. , Guo Hui , Yang Baiyuan , Chatterjee Arnab K. , Nizet Victor , Jacobs William R. , Schultz Peter G. , Wang Feng 
Published: March 2015

Significance
The identification of new antibiotics with novel mechanisms of action has become a pressing need considering the growing threat of drug-resistant infections. We have identified auranofin, an FDA-approved drug, as having potent bactericidal activity against Gram-positive pathogenic bacteria. Auranofin inhibits an enzyme, thioredoxin reductase, not targeted by other antibiotics, and thus retains efficacy against many clinically relevant drug-resistant strains, including in a mouse model of infection. Because auranofin is an approved drug, its route to the clinic may be expedited with reduced cost. Our work suggests that auranofin is a candidate for drug repurposing in antibacterial therapy.
Using Genetic Markers as Individual Tags: a Case Study of a Mark–Recapture Estimate of Adult Muskellunge Population Size
Authors: Miller Loren M. , Ward Matthew C. , Schultz Douglas W. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Tag retention, tag reporting rate, misreading of tags, and other issues are common concerns with traditional tagging methods when marking fish for various stock assessments. These concerns have prompted the development and evaluation of alternative marking techniques by fisheries scientists. Wildlife scientists have overcome these obstacles by using genetic samples in lieu of tagging when studying rare, elusive, and capture-sensitive species. Recent technological advances facilitate similar alternatives for fisheries stock assessment. Muskellunge Esox masquinongy populations exist at low density and are difficult to sample; the Muskellunge is therefore an appropriate species to use in assessing this tool. We used microsatellite DNA analysis of samples from two connected lakes in north-central Minnesota to estimate adult population size using mark–recapture techniques. In total, 178 unique fish were identified during a trap-net marking period; 59 individuals were identified within an electrofishing resampling period, and 28 of those were recaptures, recognized by their matching genotypes. Based on these data, we obtained a population estimate of 369 adults (95% confidence interval = 269–470). The results of this study demonstrate the utility of genetic markers in place of traditional tagging methods for fish.
Received September 24, 2014; accepted December 1, 2014
The Bible in English
Authors: Campbell Gordon 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
This chapter examines the early English translations of the Bible, including those prior to Reformation. English translations since the fourteenth century include those associated with John Wyclif, William Tyndale, and Miles Coverdale. Also discussed are the Matthew Bible, published by John Rogers; the Great Bible, printed by Edward Whitchurch and Richard Grafton; the Geneva Bible; the Bishops' Bible; and the Douai-Reims Bible.
Translators and Translating
Authors: Campbell Gordon 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the translators behind the translation and revision of the King James Version (KJV) of the Bible. Six companies — two in each of Westminster, Oxford, and Cambridge — were chosen to undertake the process of translation and revision: the First Westminster Company, charged with the translation of the Old Testament from Genesis to 2 Kings; the First Cambridge Company, assigned to the central section of the Old Testament, from 1 Chronicles to the Song of Solomon; the First Oxford Company, tasked to translate the final third of the Old Testament, from Isaiah to Malachi; the Second Cambridge Company, in charge of the Apocrypha; the Second Oxford Company, responsible for the bulk of the New Testament, namely, the Gospels, Acts, and Book of Revelation; and the Second Westminster Company, in charge of the New Testament epistles.
The Nineteenth Century
Authors: Campbell Gordon 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
This chapter focuses on editions of the King James Version (KJV) of the Bible that were published in the nineteenth century. It first considers the challenge to the monopoly held by the king's printer, Oxford University Press, and Cambridge University Press in publishing the KJV in England. It then examines the complaints lodged by learned dissenting ministers (mostly Congregationalists), led by Thomas Curtis, against Benjamin Blayney's text of 1769. It also looks at the printing of the KJV in America, focusing on the editions of Robert Aitken and the American Bible Society as well as Joseph Smith's Mormon Version, commonly known as the Joseph Smith Translation or the Inspired Version. Finally, the chapter discusses the distribution of the KJV in the nineteenth century and the printing of illustrated Bibles, along with the reception of the KJV during the period.
The Cambridge Paragraph Bibles
Authors: Campbell Gordon 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the Cambridge Paragraph Bible and its successor, the New Cambridge Paragraph Bible, both published by the Cambridge University Press as editions of King James Version (KJV) of the Bible divided into paragraphs. The Cambridge Paragraph Bible was prepared by F. H. A. Scrivener in 1873, whereas its successor was prepared by David Norton in 2005. The chapter considers the spelling, punctuation, paragraphs and poetry, and omitted material of both Bibles.
An Audit-Based, Infectious Disease Specialist-Guided Antimicrobial Stewardship Program Profoundly Reduced Antibiotic Use Without Negatively Affecting Patient Outcomes
Authors: Nilholm Hannah , Holmstrand Linnea , Ahl Jonas , Månsson Fredrik , Odenholt Inga , Tham Johan , Melander Eva , Resman Fredrik 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Background.  Antimicrobial stewardship programs are increasingly implemented in hospital care. They aim to simultaneously optimize outcomes for individual patients with infections and reduce financial and health-associated costs of overuse of antibiotics. Few studies have examined the effects of antimicrobial stewardship programs in settings with low proportions of antimicrobial resistance, such as in Sweden.
Methods.  An antimicrobial stewardship program was introduced during 5 months of 2013 in a department of internal medicine in southern Sweden. The intervention consisted of audits twice weekly on all patients given antibiotic treatment. The intervention period was compared with a historical control consisting of patients treated with antibiotics in the same wards in 2012. Studied outcome variables included 28-day mortality and readmission, length of hospital stay, and use of antibiotics.
Results.  A reduction of 27% in total antibiotic use (2387 days of any antibiotic) was observed in the intervention period compared with the control period. The reduction was due to fewer patients started on antibiotics as well as to significantly shorter durations of antibiotic courses (P &lt; .001). An earlier switch to oral therapy and a specific reduction in use of third-generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones was also evident. Mortality, total readmissions, and lengths of stay in hospital were unchanged compared with the control period, whereas readmissions due to a nonresolved infection were fewer during the intervention of 2013.
Conclusions.  This study demonstrates that an infectious disease specialist-guided antimicrobial stewardship program can profoundly reduce antibiotic use in a low-resistance setting with no negative effect on patient outcome.
Surgery for Chronic Traumatic Atlantoaxial Dislocation Associated With Myelopathy
Authors: Wang Lingjun , Gu Yong , Chen Liang , Yang Huilin 
Published: March 2015

Study Design:
A retrospective study.

Objective:
To evaluate the outcomes of myelopathy caused by atlantoaxial dislocation (AAD).

Summary of Background Data:
No reports to date have accurately evaluated the results of surgery for delayed myelopathy for patients with chronic AAD. Thus, the appropriate surgical time and methods of decompression and fusion remain a hot debate.

Materials and Methods:
In our study, 18 patients underwent decompression, fixation, and fusion. Demographic data, operation time, blood loss, and complications were evaluated. The Japanese Orthopedic Association Scale, severity of disability and visual analogue scale were evaluated. The fusion rate, space available for the cord, instability index, cord compression index, and cord decompression rate were also assessed.

Results:
The average time of operation was 248±50 minutes, and blood loss was 350±200 mL. Five patients in grade I maintained their neurological status, and the others had improved neurological status. With average follow-up time of 15.3±9.6 months, the Japanese Orthopedic Association score improved, the visual analogue scale score decreased, the space available for the cord improved, and the instability index and cord compression index decreased. Cord decompression rate was 65.9%. Fusion rate reached 83%.

Conclusions:
There is a high risk of delayed myelopathy for patients with AAD who do not undergo timely surgical treatment. There is no need for complete reduction for treatment of chronic AAD. Whether it can be reduced or not, sufficient decompression and solid fusion for AAD are required. Both C1–C2 fusion for reducible dislocation and occipital-cervical fusion for irreducible dislocation have satisfactory outcomes.