bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Learning recommendations from educational event data in higher education
Authors: Park Gyunam , Liss Lukas , van der Aalst Wil M. P. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a novel approach for generating actionable recommendations from educational event data collected by Campus Management Systems (CMS) to enhance study planning in higher education. The approach unfolds in three phases: feature identification tailored to the educational context, predictive modeling employing the RuleFit algorithm, and extracting actionable recommendations. We utilize diverse features, encompassing academic histories and course sequences, to capture the multi-dimensional nature of student academic behaviors. The effectiveness of our approach is empirically validated using data from the computer science bachelor’s program at RWTH Aachen University, with the goal of predicting overall GPA and formulating recommendations to enhance academic performance. Our contributions lie in the novel adaptation of behavioral features for the educational domain and the strategic use of the RuleFit algorithm for both predictive modeling and the generation of practical recommendations, offering a data-driven foundation for informed study planning and academic decision-making.
Aluminum alloys for electrical engineering: a review
Authors: Czerwinski Frank 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHigh-performance conductors are essential for economically and environmentally sustainable ways of electricity transfer in modern infrastructure, manufacturing and transportation, including electric vehicles. This report reviews the aluminum conductors, their fundamentals, classification and utilization markets, focusing on metallurgical characteristics of present commercial solutions and the strategy of future development directions. The inherent features of aluminum, both beneficial and detrimental, for electrical engineering are emphasized along with alloying concepts that provide the accelerated decomposition of matrix solid solution to minimize the electron scattering. Development activities are assessed of new generation of aluminum conductors that in addition to alloying utilize novel processing techniques such as ultra-fast crystallization, severe plastic deformation and complex thermomechanical treatments aiming at grain reduction to nanometer scale, crystallographic texture control and grain boundary engineering. Transition metals and rare earths are considered as the promising alloying candidates for high-strength conductors having superior thermal stability with extra importance given to immiscible systems of Al–Ce, Al–La and Al–Y along with multiply additions, combined to generate the synergy effects. The composites with cladding configuration and particulate reinforcement including via carbon-type strengtheners are discussed as the effective solutions of advanced conductors. A variety of strategies that aim at overcoming the strength–conductivity trade-off in conductor materials are presented throughout the report.Graphical abstract
Feasibility of using diamond-like carbon films in total joint replacements: a review
Authors: Roy Anurag , Bennett Annette , Pruitt Lisa 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDiamond-like Carbon (DLC) has been used as a coating material of choice for a variety of technological applications owing to its favorable bio-tribo-thermo-mechanical characteristics. Here, the possibility of bringing DLC into orthopedic joint implants is examined. With ever increasing number of patients suffering from osteoarthritis as well as with the ingress of the osteoarthritic joints’ malaise into younger and more active demographics, there is a pressing need to augment the performance and integrity of conventional total joint replacements (TJRs). Contemporary joint replacement devices use metal-on-polymer articulations to restore function to worn, damaged or diseased cartilage. The wear of polymeric components has been addressed using crosslinking and antioxidants; however, in the context of the metallic components, complications pertaining to corrosion and metal ion release inside the body still persist. Through this review article, we explore the use of DLC coatings on metallic bearing surfaces and elucidate why this technology might be a viable solution for ongoing electrochemical challenges in orthopedics. The different characteristics of DLC coatings and their feasibility in TJRs are examined through assessment of tribo-material characterization methods. A holistic characterization of the coating-substrate interface and the wear performance of such systems are discussed. As with all biomaterials used in TJRs, we need mindful consideration of potential in-vivo challenges. We present a few caveats for DLC coatings including delamination, hydrophobicity, and other conflicting as well as outdating findings in the literature. We recommend prudently exploring DLC films as potential coatings on metallic TJR components to solve the problems pertaining to wear, metal ion release, and corrosion. Ultimately, we advise bringing DLC into clinical use only after addressing all challenges and concerns outlined in this article.
Graphical Abstract
Small-Molecule:Polymer Composites for Transparent Films with Visible Emission
Authors: Pérez-Gutiérrez Enrique , Calvo Franciso D. , Beristain Miriam F. , Venkatesan Perumal , Thamotharan Subbiah , Percino M. Judith 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe analysis of the shift in photoluminescence emission for a blend of polyvinylcarbazole and acrylonitrile derivative compounds is reported. The small-molecule compounds have different functional groups, phenyl, pyridine, or methyl phenyl, attached to an acrylonitrile group. According to the functional group, the blue emission for pure dye shifts to green or yellowish in the blend film. Several PVK:dye ratios from 0:100 to 20:80 were used for film deposition. The film morphology was analyzed by atomic force microscopy; for low dye content, homogeneous films were achieved. However, aggregates of several micrometers are formed on the surface of films with higher dye concentrations. The shift in emission occurs only with PVK, and for a non-conjugated matrix such as polystyrene, the emission remains unchanged. The interaction of dyes with PVK leading to change in emission was also achieved by grinding dye and polymer. Results showed that shifts in emission could come from exciplex formation along with changes in dye intermolecular interactions. The blend films were highly transparent in the visible spectra due to the absorption in the UV region for dye and matrix. The films with ratio PVK: dye ratio 80:20 was used as active layer in OLEDs.
Impact of technology transfer offices on university spin-off bankruptcy
Authors: Kirihata Tetsuya 
Published: August 2024

AbstractUniversity technology transfer offices (TTOs) support the creation and subsequent growth of university spin-offs (USOs) as a part of their “third mission.” This study empirically analyzed the impact of TTO involvement on USO bankruptcy from a social capital perspective. Using Cox proportional hazards model survival analysis, it revealed that close business relationships, customer introduction, market/customer knowledge sharing, and technology knowledge sharing with USOs significantly negatively affected their bankruptcy. None of the models promoted USO bankruptcy at any of the stages from relationship building to resource provision, aligning with the assumptions from the social capital perspective. The results revealed three vectors for effective TTO involvement in preventing USO bankruptcy: (1) professionalism in relationship building, (2) knowledge-based involvement, and (3) customer-oriented resource provision. The findings highlight the relationship between TTO involvement and USO bankruptcy from the social capital perspective, thus bridging a gap in the literature. TTOs must recruit and promote specialists who have a professional mindset, consistently maintain professional business relationships with USOs, have experience and knowledge, and are customer oriented. USOs must seek other meaningful relationship building opportunities and stimulate self-help efforts if TTOs lack supporting capabilities and remain unwilling to help.
Private entrepreneurial support organizations in European fintech entrepreneurial ecosystems
Authors: Micol Federico , Battaglia Daniele , Ughetto Elisa 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe importance of Entrepreneurial Support Organizations in promoting the development of Entrepreneurial Ecosystems is well recognized in the literature. Surprisingly, no research has addressed how governments can promote the emergence of Private Entrepreneurial Support Organizations in parallel with Public ones. Using the European FinTech Entrepreneurial Ecosystem as an empirical setting, we investigate through a Qualitative Comparative Analysis which enabling factors the government can intervene on to foster the development of Private Entrepreneurial Support Organizations. We then determine how much the same factors can influence the availability of such programs through a Poisson fixed effects model. The results suggest that Private Entrepreneurial Support Organizations are consistently present in regions with a combination of enabling factors that are conducive to market competition. Policies aimed at simultaneously increasing private R&D spending, reducing subsidies to industry, developing talent, strengthening the knowledge economy and increasing demand could not only encourage the emergence of more startups but also have a positive impact on the overall availability of Private Entrepreneurial Support Organizations.
Climate change mitigation potentials of wood industry related measures in Hungary
Authors: Király Éva , Forsell Nicklas , Schulte Maximilian , Kis-Kovács Gábor , Börcsök Zoltán , Kocsis Zoltán , Kottek Péter , Mertl Tamás , Németh Gábor , Polgár András , Borovics Attila 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHarvested wood products (HWPs) store a significant amount of carbon while long-lived products and wooden buildings can be among the most effective means for carbon storage. Wood products’ lifetime extension and appropriate waste management, recycling, and reuse can further contribute to the achievement of climate goals. In our study we projected under 10 different scenarios the carbon storage, carbon dioxide and methane emissions of the Hungarian HWP pool up to 2050 in order to find the combination of wood industry-related measures with the highest climate change mitigation effect. For the projection we used the country-specific HWP-RIAL model to predict emissions associated with the end-of-life and waste management of wood products. The main conclusion is that without additional measures the Hungarian HWP pool would turn from a carbon sink to a source of emissions by 2047. To maintain the Hungarian HWP pool to be a continuous carbon sink it is essential to implement additional climate mitigation measures including cascading product value chains, and approaches of a circular bioeconomy. We find the most effective individual measures are increasing product half-life, increasing recycling rate and increasing industrial wood production through increased industrial wood assortments and increased harvest. With the combination of these measures a maximum average annual climate change mitigation potential of 1.5 Mt CO2 equivalents could be reached during the 2022–2050 period.
Decision support for augmented reality-based assistance systems deployment in industrial settings
Authors: Bock Lukas , Bohné Thomas , Tadeja Sławomir K. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe successful deployment of augmented reality (AR) in the industry for on-the-job guidance depends heavily on factors such as the availability of required expertise, existing digital content and other deployment-related criteria such as a task’s error-proneness or complexity. Particularly in idiosyncratic manufacturing situations involving customised products and diverse complex and non-complex products and its variants, the applicability and attractiveness of AR as a worker assistance system is often unclear and difficult to gauge for decision-makers. To address this gap, we developed a decision support tool to help prepare customised deployment strategies for AR-based assistance systems utilising manual assembly as the main example. Consequently, we report results from an interview study with sixteen domain experts. Furthermore, when analysing captured expert knowledge, we found significant differences in criteria weighting based on task complexity and other factors, such as the effort required to obtain data.
Nonveridical biosemiotics and the Interface Theory of Perception: implications for perception-mediated selection
Authors: Khumalo Brian , Hendlin Yogi Hale 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRecently, the relationship between evolutionary ecology and perceptual science has received renewed attention under perception-mediated selection, a mode of natural selection linking perceptual saliency, rather than veridicality, to fitness. The Interface Theory of Perception (ITP) has been especially prominent in claiming that an organism’s perceptual interface is populated by icons, which arise as a function of evolved, species-specific perceptual interfaces that produce approximations of organisms’ environments through fitness-tuned perceptions. According to perception-mediated selection, perception and behavior calibrate one another as organisms’ capacities to experience and know the objects and properties of their environments lead to responses highlighting certain environmental features selected for survival. We argue this occurs via the Umwelt/Umgebung distinction in ethology, demonstrating that organisms interact with their external environments (Umgebung) through constructed perceptual schema (Umwelt) that produce constrained representations of environmental objects and their properties. Following Peircean semiotics, we claim that ITP’s focus on icons as saliency-simplified markers corresponds to biosemiotics’ understanding of perceptual representations, which manifest as iconic (resembling objects), indexical (referring), or symbolic (arbitrary) modalities, which provide for organisms’ semiotic scaffolding. We argue that ITP provides the computational evidence for biosemiotics’ notion of iconicity, while biosemiotics provides explanation within ITP for how iconicity can build up into indices and symbols. The common contention of these separate frameworks that the process of perception tracks saliency rather than veridicality suggests that digital/dyadic perceptual strategies will be outcompeted by their semiotic/triadic counterparts. This carries implications for evolutionary theory as well as theories of cognition.
Using RECAST theory to examine racial stress appraisal across high schools: Differences in racial threat and support
Authors: Fleming Maureen C. , Stevenson Howard C. , Aisenbrey Emily , McWhirter Benedict T. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractData from 318 diverse high school students from three different types of high schools in the United States were collected. School types varied by location (e.g., suburban, urban), size, and student demographics (e.g., race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status). Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was conducted to examine the factor structure of the STRESS-Y. Mean comparisons were performed to assess variations in Racial Stress Appraisal across different school types. The EFA of the STRESS-Y confirmed its factor structure, supporting its validity as a measure of RSA in youth and we were able to extract two robust factors—Racial Threat Appraisal and Racial Support Appraisal. Mean comparisons revealed that Racial Threat Appraisal and Racial Support Appraisal varied across different school types, highlighting the influence of school context on students' experiences of racial stress. This study provides evidence for the validity of the STRESS-Y as a measure of Racial Stress Appraisal in youth. The findings demonstrate the importance of considering school type as a factor influencing students' experiences of racial stress as well as how support, racial coping, and stress management skills may help mitigate ongoing interpersonal harm that youth are experiencing. The validated measure and the understanding of the factors contributing to Racial Stress Appraisal can inform interventions aimed at supporting students in managing and coping with racial stressors in their respective school environments.
Taming numerical imprecision by adapting the KL divergence to negative probabilities
Authors: Pfahler Simon , Georg Peter , Schill Rudolf , Klever Maren , Grasedyck Lars , Spang Rainer , Wettig Tilo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe Kullback–Leibler (KL) divergence is frequently used in data science. For discrete distributions on large state spaces, approximations of probability vectors may result in a few small negative entries, rendering the KL divergence undefined. We address this problem by introducing a parameterized family of substitute divergence measures, the shifted KL (sKL) divergence measures. Our approach is generic and does not increase the computational overhead. We show that the sKL divergence shares important theoretical properties with the KL divergence and discuss how its shift parameters should be chosen. If Gaussian noise is added to a probability vector, we prove that the average sKL divergence converges to the KL divergence for small enough noise. We also show that our method solves the problem of negative entries in an application from computational oncology, the optimization of Mutual Hazard Networks for cancer progression using tensor-train approximations.
Zum Partizipationsermöglichungsdilemma, begrenzter Partizipation und der Forderung einer Reflexiven Demokratiepädagogik
Authors: Gras Juliana 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Institution Schule wird im erziehungswissenschaftlichen Diskurs sowie in bildungspolitischen Vorgaben und Empfehlungen als ein zentraler Ort für die Vermittlung und Umsetzung von Demokratie und Inklusion diskutiert. Damit geht der Auftrag einher, Partizipation für alle Schüler*innen zu ermöglichen. Lehrpersonen sind aufgefordert, dies in ihrer schulischen Praxis umzusetzen. Der Klassenrat scheint in normativer Perspektive hierfür prädestiniert. Zwar finden sich Studien zur Wirkung und Gestaltung von Partizipation sowie zum Klassenrat. Der Kontext Inklusion bleibt jedoch unbeleuchtet. Hieran schließt die vorliegende Studie. Entlang eines an der Grounded Theory orientierten Zugangs, unter Einbezug multipler Daten (Beobachtungen, Interviews, Gruppengespräche), wurde danach gefragt, inwiefern Lehrpersonen Partizipation im Klassenrat in inklusiven Settings gestalten. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sich Lehrpersonen in einem Spannungsfeld zwischen Partizipationsermöglichung und -begrenzung bewegen und sich für sie ein Partizipationsermöglichungsdilemma eröffnet, mit dem sie versuchen mittels verschiedener Strategien umzugehen. Dabei stoßen sie an Reibungsmomente und Grenzen, die teils zu exkludierenden Momenten seitens der Schüler*innen führen. Hiervon wird die Notwendigkeit einer Reflexiven Demokratiepädagogik abgeleitet.
Self-Harm Before and Six Months After Obesity Surgery
Authors: Thomas Tobias A. , Tilk Katja , Klassen Katharina , Pommnitz Melanie , Wunder Ruth , Mall Julian W. , Köhler Hinrich , de Zwaan Martina , Meyer Günther , Hüttl Thomas P. , Müller Astrid 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Previous research on obesity surgery (OS) showed that patients do not only experience weight loss but also improvements in certain mental health outcomes (e.g., depression) after OS. However, self-harm behaviors might increase after OS. Regarding self-harm, the literature is mostly limited to studies using data from hospital or emergency room charts. This longitudinal study examined self-reported self-harm behaviors and potential psychopathological correlates before and after OS.

Materials and Methods
Pre-surgery patients (N = 220) filled out a set of questionnaires before and approximately six months after OS. Self-harm behaviors were captured with the Self-Harm Inventory. The assessments further included standardized instruments to measure symptoms of depression, anxiety, eating disorders, alcohol use, and suicidal ideations.

Results
Any self-harm was reported by 24.6% before and by 25.0% after OS. No differences in the number of self-harm behaviors or prevalence of any self-harm before and after OS were found. Overall, 11.4% experienced self-harm behaviors at both times. A subset showed self-harm behaviors only before (13.2%) OS and another subset only after OS (13.6%). These two groups were about the same size. Self-harm behaviors showed strong associations with psychopathology after OS, especially with depression and suicidal ideation.

Conclusion
No increase in self-harm behaviors after OS emerged. Still, a subgroup showed self-harm behaviors after OS closely linked to further psychopathology. This mirrors the need to implement screening for self-harm before and after OS into OS care. Further studies with longer follow up periods are needed to extend these findings.

Graphical Abstract
The impact of glenohumeral bone loss on range of motion in patients with anterior shoulder instability
Authors: Gaafar Mohamed , Doyle Tom R. , Frank Julia K. , Hurley Eoghan T. , Davey Martin S. , White-Gibson Ailbhe , Khan Sami , Mullett Hannan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Loss of shoulder range of motion (ROM) is common after surgical management of anterior shoulder instability; however, it remains unclear to what degree this is related to their injury.

Aim
The purpose of this study was to compare passive shoulder ROM in patients with ASI to a normal contralateral shoulder.

Methods
A total of 121 patients undergoing stabilization surgery were prospectively enrolled. Preoperative advanced imaging was used to assess for glenoid bone loss and the presence of off-track Hill-Sachs lesions. Passive ROM was measured in both shoulders while under anaesthesia prior to surgery.

Results
In all directions, there was a significant loss of ROM in shoulders with instability. Regression analysis showed that neither a glenoid bone defect nor greater glenoid bone loss were associated with a loss of ROM in any plane. The presence of a Hill-Sachs lesion was significantly associated with a loss of external rotation, while off-track lesions were associated with a loss of ROM in all planes (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
Patients with anterior shoulder instability lost motion in all directions, with a profound loss of external rotation. The presence of a glenoid bone defect nor greater bone loss did not reliably predict a loss of range of motion. A Hill-Sachs lesion was predictive of a loss of external rotation, while an off-track lesion was predictive of a loss of range in all directions.
L2-Quasi-compact and hyperbounded Markov operators
Authors: Cohen Guy , Lin Michael 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA Markov operator P on a probability space (S, Σ μ) with μ invariant, is called hyperbounded if for some 1 ≤ p≤ q ≤ ∞ it maps (continuously) Lp into Lq.We deduce from a recent result of Glück that a hyperbounded P is quasi-compact, hence uniformly ergodic, in all Lr(S, μ), 1 < r < ∞. We prove, using a method similar to Foguel’s, that a hyperbounded Markov operator has periodic behavior similar to that of Harris recurrent operators, and for the ergodic case obtain conditions for aperiodicity.Given a probability ν on the unit circle, we prove that if the convolution operator Pνf:= ν ⋇ f is hyperbounded, then ν is atomless. We show that there is ν absolutely continuous such that Pν is not hyperbounded, and there is ν with all powers singular such that Pν is hyperbounded. As an application, we prove that if Pν is hyperbounded, then for any sequence (nk) of distinct positive integers with bounded gaps, (nkx) is uniformly distributed mod 1 for ν almost every x (even when ν is singular).