bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrocarbon Composition of Beeswax (Apis Mellifera) Collected from Light and Dark Coloured Combs
Authors: Waś Ewa , Szczęsna Teresa , Rybak-Chmielewska Helena 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The hydrocarbon composition of beeswax secreted by Apis mellifera was characterised. In the studies, analyses were made of virgin beeswax (obtained from light combs, socalled „wild-built combs“) that was collected at different dates, and beeswax obtained from dark combs („brood combs“). A qualitative analysis did not show any differences in the hydrocarbon composition of beeswax originating from light and dark coloured combs. The same hydrocarbons (n-alkanes, alkenes, and dienes) were identified in virgin beeswax and beeswax collected from brood combs. However, the studies showed differences in the content of n-alkanes in the beeswax obtained from light and dark coloured combs. In comparison to the virgin beeswax, the beeswax obtained from dark combs had higher content of the total n-alkanes, higher total contents of even-numbered alkanes and odd-numbered alkanes, and higher contents of certain alkanes. Furthermore, it has been found that the hydrocarbon composition of beeswax did not depend on the collection period.
A Comparative Study of Environmental Conditions, Bee Management and the Epidemiological Situation in Apiaries Varying in the Level of Colony Losses
Authors: Pohorecka Krystyna , Bober Andrzej , Skubida Marta , Zdańska Dagmara , Torój Kamila 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Explaining the reasons for the increased mortality of the honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) in recent years, in Europe and North America, has become a global research priority in apicultural science. Our project was aimed at determining the relationship between environmental conditions, beekeeping techniques, the epidemiological situation of pathogens, and the mortality rate of bee colonies. Dead bee samples were collected by beekeepers from 2421 colonies. The samples were examined for the presence of V. destructor, Nosema spp. (Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae), chronic bee paralysis virus (CBPV), acute bee paralysis virus (ABPV), deformed wing virus (DWV), and Israeli acute paralysis virus (IAPV).
Among the environmental and colony management factors under analysis, significant differences between apiaries with high (>10%), low (≤10%) or no losses of the colonies were only found in the case of the methods used by beekeepers to combat varroa mites. However, the epidemiological patterns in the case of V. destructor infestation and the DWV and ABPV infections highly differed. The data we obtained indicated that co-infections play a decisive role in the etiology of the significant collapse of colonies in apiaries in Poland. The main reason for this phenomenon can be described as strong infestation with V. destructor, followed by an intensive development of viral infections caused by DWV and (much less frequently) by ABPV. Despite a high prevalence of Nosema spp. microsporidia (with a dominant incidence of N. ceranae), a direct relationship between these parasites and the mortality rate of colonies was not proved.
Modeling Nonresponse in Establishment Surveys: Using an Ensemble Tree Model to Create Nonresponse Propensity Scores and Detect Potential Bias in an Agricultural Survey
Authors: Earp Morgan , Mitchell Melissa , McCarthy Jaki , Kreuter Frauke 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Increasing nonresponse rates in federal surveys and potentially biased survey estimates are a growing concern, especially with regard to establishment surveys. Unlike household surveys, not all establishments contribute equally to survey estimates. With regard to agricultural surveys, if an extremely large farm fails to complete a survey, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) could potentially underestimate average acres operated among other things. In order to identify likely nonrespondents prior to data collection, the USDA’s National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) began modeling nonresponse using Census of Agriculture data and prior Agricultural Resource Management Survey (ARMS) response history. Using an ensemble of classification trees, NASS has estimated nonresponse propensities for ARMS that can be used to predict nonresponse and are correlated with key ARMS estimates.
Influences of Environmental Drivers on Land Cover Structure and its Long-Term Changes: a Case Study of the Villages of Malachov and Podkonice in Slovakia / Vliv Environmentálních Podmínek Na Strukturu Krajinného Pokryvu A Její Dlouhodobé Změny: Případová Studie Obcí Malachov A Podkonice Na Slovensku
Authors: Druga Michal , Falťan Vladimír 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The influence of environmental drivers on long-term land cover changes in two mountainous villages in Central Slovakia is assessed in this paper using generalized linear models (GLM). Historical cadastral maps and aerial photographs were analyzed to describe the land cover change over five time horizons ranging from 1860 to the present, using the CORINE Land Cover classification. The hypothesis that higher slope, elevation and distance to settlement strongly influence lower intensities of land use was mostly confirmed, but geology was also identified as an important factor. The category of ‘forests’ was the most accounted for land cover class, while arable land and grassland were only considerably affected by the drivers in some periods. On the other hand, shrubs were almost completely unrelated to the investigated drivers. The areas of land cover change were not so well explained by the GLMs.
Characterization of FeCo based catalyst for ammonia decomposition. The effect of potassium oxide
Authors: Lendzion-Bieluń Zofia , Pelka Rafał , Czekajło Łukasz 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
FeCo fused catalyst was obtained by fusing iron and cobalt oxides with an addition of calcium, aluminium, and potassium oxides (CaO, Al2O3, K2O). An additional amount of potassium oxide was inserted by wet impregnation. Chemical composition of the prepared catalysts was determined with an aid of the XRF method. On the basis of XRD analysis it was found that cobalt was built into the structure of magnetite and solid solution of CoFe2O4 was formed. An increase in potassium content develops surface area of the reduced form of the catalyst, number of adsorption sites for hydrogen, and the ammonia decomposition rate. The nitriding process of the catalyst slows down the ammonia decomposition.
Genital Lichen Sclerosus – Has Th ere Been any Progress in Treatment?
Authors: Karadaglić Đorđije 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Lichen sclerosus (LS) is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis localized mainly in the anogenital region, accompanied by itching, atrophy and sclerosis. Progressive destructive scarring in genital lichen sclerosus (GLS) may result in burying of the clitoris in females and phimosis in males. Affected persons have an increased risk of genital cancers. It is often unrecognized in everyday clinical practice due to undiagnosed squamous cell carcinoma at the site of lesions. Remissions are rare and the estimated remission rate is only 16%. GLS is a lifelong, incurable condition, but signifi cant improvement can be achieved. Numerous therapeutic modalities have been used in GLS; unfortunately, the number of controlled studies is small and the results are mostly related to the management of symptoms, not the progression of the disease and destructive scarring. A systemic meta analysis of seven randomized controlled trials on local therapy of GLS was performed. It included a total of 249 patients treated with six topical agents: clobetasol propionate, mometasone furoate, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, progesterone and pimecrolimus. Topical corticosteroids, clobetasol propionate 0.05% (highly potent) and mometasone furoate 0.05% (potent), showed to be significantly more efficient compared to placebo. Pimecrolimus 1% cream and clobetasol propionate 0.05% showed similar efficacy. Both agents have proven effective in the treatment of GLS: there was no statistically significant difference in relieving symptoms of pruritus and burning/pain. Tacrolimus 0.1% ointment also proved to be effective in the treatment of GLS. Topical androgens and progesterone did not show significant efficacy. Topical tretinoin and calcipotriol have been used with limited success, but they may induce irritation, so they are rarely used in the treatment of GLS. Other therapeutic options for GLS include ultraviolet A1 (UVA-1) phototherapy, methotrexate, retinoids, cyclosporine, stanozolol, hydroxychloroquine, calcitriol, laser and photodynamic therapy, but the number of patients is small to allow for conclusive assessment. Surgery is not a standard therapeutic option for GLS.
In conclusion, treatment of GLS should be carried out in two phases: introduction of remission and maintenance of remission; topical therapy should include highly potent corticosteroids once daily during three months, followed by twice per week, or twice daily during 4 to 6 weeks, and then twice per week. There are different opinions regarding maintenance therapy: application of super potent or potent topical corticosteroids; these patients need long-term, several-year follow-up, although there is no agreement what parameters should be assessed; treatment efficacy is often reduced to monitoring GLS symptoms.
Applicability of Bromilow´s Time-cost Model for Residential Projects in Slovakia
Authors: Mačková Daniela , Bašková Renáta 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The concept of construction time has been mentioned by most researchers as one of the key factors of a successful project. Time-cost model for rapid estimation of construction time appeared in the world some fifty years ago and the most mentioned is model developed by Bromilow. The purpose of submitted research is to validate Bromilow´s time-cost (BTC) model and identify constants in BTC model in context with residential construction projects in Slovak construction conditions. The data for the study were obtained from 28 residential projects completed within the period 2010-2013 in regions of Slovakia. The data were analyzed using classical correlation and regression analysis
Studies of the Prefabricated Housing Construction Market in Poland
Authors: Radziszewska-Zielina Elżbieta , Gleń Monika 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The directions of development of the construction market are not only related to the need to own one’s own home but also to increasing functional and economic requirements and conditions of sustainable development. The perception and understanding of prefabrication in housing construction are undoubtedly starting to change. Sustainable construction criteria may constitute a significant turning point and support for the development of new prefabricated housing construction technologies. Entrepreneurs are slowly perceiving an opportunity for the development of prefabrication in the construction market. The implementation and popularisation of ready-made homes will undoubtedly constitute a favourable change in the Polish construction market; however, this will require a modification of habits. This article presents an historical analysis of the development of the prefabricated housing construction market as well as an attempt to answer questions concerning the future of prefabrication in housing construction in Poland based on the conducted studies.
Preparation Measurements and Assessment of Roof Systems
Authors: Baláž Richard , Bagoňa Miloslav 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The Institute of Architectural Engineering at the Civil Engineering Faculty TU of Kosice, in its ongoing research, aims to monitor the physical properties of building envelope structures with emphasis placed on hydrothermal problems, at present. The research focuses on the assembly of equipment in climate chambers with their respective sample envelopes and fenestration systems, which are involved in a measuring experiment. The prime aim is to design a logical and transparent system for gathering, evaluating and storing hydrothermal related data. This contribution further illustrates the embedding system of measurement points in installed samples and the system of monitoring their physical properties over an annual period.
Facility Management as Part of an Integrated Design of Civil Engineering Structures
Authors: Hyben Ivan , Podmanický Peter 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The present article deals about facility management, as still relatively young component of an integrated planning and design of buildings. Attention is focused on the area of the proposal, which can greatly affect to amount of future operating costs. Operational efficiency has been divided into individual components and satisfaction with the solution of buildings already constructed was assessed by workers, who are actually dedicated facility management in these organizations. The results were then assessed and evaluated through regression analysis. The aim of this paper is to determine to what extent is desired update project documentation of new buildings from the perspective of facility management.
Approach for Assessing Direct Flood Damages
Authors: Gaňová Lenka , Zeleňáková Martina , Słyś Daniel , Purcz Pavol 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
This article presents a methodological approach to flood direct tangible damage - damage to assets and direct intangible damage - environmental damage and loss of life assessment. The assessment of flood risk is an essential part of the risk management approach, which is the conceptual basis for the EU directive 2007/60/ES on the assessment and management of flood risk. The purpose of this directive is to establish a framework for the assessment and management of flood risk, aiming at the reduction of the adverse consequences for human health, the environment, cultural heritage and economic activity associated with flood in the community. Overall, an accurate estimation of negative effects on assets, environment and people is important in order to be able to determine the economy, environmental and social flood risk level in a system and the effects of risk mitigation measures.
Combined Clinical and Home Rehabilitation: Case Report of an Integrated Knowledge-to-Action Study in a Dutch Rehabilitation Stroke Unit
Authors: Nanninga Christa S. , Postema Klaas , Schönherr Marleen C. , van Twillert Sacha , Lettinga Ant T. 
Published: December 2014

Background and Purpose
There is growing awareness that the poor uptake of evidence in health care is not a knowledge-transfer problem but rather one of knowledge production. This issue calls for re-examination of the evidence produced and assumptions that underpin existing knowledge-to-action (KTA) activities. Accordingly, it has been advocated that KTA studies should treat research knowledge and local practical knowledge with analytical impartiality. The purpose of this case report is to illustrate the complexities in an evidence-informed improvement process of organized stroke care in a local rehabilitation setting.

Case Description
A participatory action approach was used to co-create knowledge and engage local therapists in a 2-way knowledge translation and multidirectional learning process. Evidence regarding rehabilitation stroke units was applied in a straightforward manner, as the setting met the criteria articulated in stroke unit reviews. Evidence on early supported discharge (ESD) could not be directly applied because of differences in target group and implementation environment between the local and reviewed settings. Early supported discharge was tailored to the needs of patients severely affected by stroke admitted to the local rehabilitation stroke unit by combining clinical and home rehabilitation (CCHR).

Outcomes
Local therapists welcomed CCHR because it helped them make their task-specific training truly context specific. Key barriers to implementation were travel time, logistical problems, partitioning walls between financing streams, and legislative procedures.

Discussion
Improving local settings with available evidence is not a straightforward application process but rather a matter of searching, logical reasoning, and creatively working with heterogeneous knowledge sources in partnership with different stakeholders. Multiple organizational levels need to be addressed rather than focusing on therapists as sole site of change.
Clinical Characteristics of Patients With Cancer Referred for Outpatient Physical Therapy
Authors: Alappattu Meryl J. , Coronado Rogelio A. , Lee Derek , Bour Barbara , George Steven Z. 
Published: December 2014

Background
Cancer rehabilitation is a developing area, with an increasing number of survivors of cancer in the United States. The increase in survivorship occurs alongside impairments arising directly from cancer or from treatment-related side effects.

Objective
This study described clinical characteristics of patients with cancer referred for outpatient physical therapy and explored patterns in frequency of impairments between type of cancer and mode of cancer treatment.

Design
This was a retrospective chart review of patients with cancer referred to a tertiary care physical therapy clinic over a 2-year period.

Methods
Characteristics such as age, sex, cancer type, mode of treatment, and neuromusculoskeletal impairments were identified. Impairment frequencies were computed based on cancer type and mode of treatment.

Results
Data from 418 patients (mean age=57.9 years, SD=14.3; 41.1% female) were examined. Genitourinary cancer (n=169) and breast cancer (n=90) were the most prevalent types of cancer reported in this sample. Impairments in strength (83.6%) and soft tissue (71.3%) were the most common examination findings. Lymphedema was most common in patients with breast cancer, and incontinence was most common in patients with genitourinary cancer.

Limitations
The types of cancer identified in this study may be reflective of this tertiary center and may not generalize to other facilities. Impairment identification during the initial physical therapist evaluation was not performed systematically.

Conclusion
These data reinforce that physical therapists should screen for lymphedema in patients with breast cancer and incontinence in urogenital cancers. Strength and soft tissue integrity should be evaluated in most patients with cancer. Assessing pain and fatigue levels is recommended for patients who have had radiation therapy.
Physical Activity Levels Early After Lung Transplantation
Authors: Wickerson Lisa , Mathur Sunita , Singer Lianne G. , Brooks Dina 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundLittle is known of the early changes in physical activity after lung transplantation.ObjectivesThe purposes of this study were: (1) to describe physical activity levels in patients up to 6 months following lung transplantation and (2) to explore predictors of the change in physical activity in that population.DesignThis was a prospective cohort study.MethodsPhysical activity (daily steps and time spent in moderate-intensity activity) was measured using an accelerometer before and after transplantation (at hospital discharge, 3 months, and 6 months). Additional functional measurements included submaximal exercise capacity (measured with the 6-Minute Walk Test), quadriceps muscle torque, and health-related quality of life (measured with the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey 36 [SF-36] and the St George's Respiratory Questionnaire).ResultsThirty-six lung transplant recipients (18 men, 18 women; mean age=49 years, SD=14) completed posttransplant measurements. Before transplant, daily steps were less than a third of the general population. By 3 months posttransplant, the largest improvement in physical activity had occurred, and level of daily steps reached 55% of the general population. The change in daily steps (pretransplant to 3 months posttransplant) was inversely correlated with pretransplant 6-minute walk distance (r=−.48, P=.007), daily steps (r=−.36, P=.05), and SF-36 physical functioning (SF-36 PF) score (r=−.59, P=.0005). The SF-36 PF was a significant predictor of the change in physical activity, accounting for 35% of the variation in change in daily steps.LimitationsOnly individuals who were ambulatory prior to transplant and discharged from the hospital in less than 3 months were included in the study.ConclusionsPhysical activity levels improve following lung transplantation, particularly in individuals with low self-reported physical functioning. However, the majority of lung transplant recipients remain sedentary between 3 to 6 months following transplant. The role of exercise training, education, and counseling in further improving physical activity levels in lung transplant recipients should be further explored.
Daily Exercises and Education for Preventing Low Back Pain in Children: Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Hill Julia J. , Keating Jennifer L. 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundChildren report low back pain (LBP) as young as 8 years. Preventing LBP in children may prevent or delay adult incidence.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to determine whether education and daily exercise affect LBP episodes in children compared with education alone.DesignThis was a prospective, multicenter cluster randomized controlled trial.SettingThe study was conducted at 7 New Zealand primary schools.ParticipantsChildren (n=708), aged 8 to 11 years, from 7 schools stratified by sample size (36, 114, 151, 168, 113, 45, 83) were randomized and allocated to 2 masked groups: intervention (4 schools, n=469) or control (3 schools, n=239).InterventionsParticipants in the intervention group were taught 4 spinal movements for daily practice. Both groups participated in education that emphasized “back awareness.”MeasurementsLow back pain history at baseline was assessed. Children reported episodes of LBP during the previous week on trial days 7, 21, 49, 105, 161, and 270. Analysis was at the individual participant level, with adjustment for school clusters.ResultsThere were no significant differences between groups in the odds of reporting no LBP in the previous week during the study period (odds ratio [OR]=0.72; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]=0.46, 1.14; P=.16). The intervention group reported significantly fewer episodes of LBP (OR=0.54; 95% CI=0.39, 0.74; P&lt;.001) and significantly fewer lifetime first episodes of LBP (n=86 [34%]) compared with the control group (n=58 [47%]) (OR=0.60; 95% CI=0.39, 0.91; P=.02). The odds of an episode of LBP were greater in participants with a history of LBP (OR=4.21; 95% CI=3.07, 5.78; P&lt;.001). Low back pain episodes decreased across the trial period for both groups (OR=0.89; 95% CI=0.84, 0.95; P&lt;.001). Adherence to exercise was poor.LimitationsReplication in other settings is needed.ConclusionsRegular exercise and education appear to reduce LBP episodes in children aged 8 to 11 years compared with education alone.