bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lysosomal impairment in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Dehay Benjamin , Martinez‐Vicente Marta , Caldwell Guy A. , Caldwell Kim A. , Yue Zhenyue , Cookson Mark R. , Klein Christine , Vila Miquel , Bezard Erwan 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTImpairment of autophagy‐lysosomal pathways (ALPs) is increasingly regarded as a major pathogenic event in neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD). ALP alterations are observed in sporadic PD brains and in toxic and genetic rodent models of PD‐related neurodegeneration. In addition, PD‐linked mutations and post‐translational modifications of α‐synuclein impair its own lysosomal‐mediated degradation, thereby contributing to its accumulation and aggregation. Furthermore, other PD‐related genes, such as leucine‐rich repeat kinase‐2 (LRRK2), parkin, and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)‐induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1), have been mechanistically linked to alterations in ALPs. Conversely, mutations in lysosomal‐related genes, such as glucocerebrosidase (GBA) and lysosomal type 5 P‐type ATPase (ATP13A2), have been linked to PD. New data offer mechanistic molecular evidence for such a connection, unraveling a causal link between lysosomal impairment, α‐synuclein accumulation, and neurotoxicity. First, PD‐related GBA deficiency/mutations initiate a positive feedback loop in which reduced lysosomal function leads to α‐synuclein accumulation, which, in turn, further decreases lysosomal GBA activity by impairing the trafficking of GBA from the endoplasmic reticulum‐Golgi to lysosomes, leading to neurodegeneration. Second, PD‐related mutations/deficiency in the ATP13A2 gene lead to a general lysosomal impairment characterized by lysosomal membrane instability, impaired lysosomal acidification, decreased processing of lysosomal enzymes, reduced degradation of lysosomal substrates, and diminished clearance of autophagosomes, collectively contributing to α‐synuclein accumulation and cell death. According to these new findings, primary lysosomal defects could potentially account for Lewy body formation and neurodegeneration in PD, laying the groundwork for the prospective development of new neuroprotective/disease‐modifying therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring lysosomal levels and function. © 2013 Movement Disorder Society
Influence of octyl substituted octakis(dimethylsiloxy)octasilsesquioxane on the morphology and thermal and mechanical properties of low density polyethylene
Authors: Panaitescu Denis Mihaela , Frone Adriana Nicoleta , Radovici Constantin , Nicolae Cristian , Perrin François Xavier 
Published: April 2013

AbstractLow density polyethylene (LDPE) was melt blended with octyl substituted octakis(dimethylsiloxy)octasilsesquioxane (AS8) prepared in high yield by hydrosilylation of octene with octakis(hydrodimethylsiloxy)octasilsesquioxane. Two procedures were used to incorporate AS8 into LDPE at nanolevel and their efficiency was investigated by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetry and mechanical characterization. A slight increase of crystallite mean dimensions was observed by XRD in both types of LDPE‐AS8 composites compared with neat LDPE. Better AS8 dispersion was observed by AFM in the composite prepared by the first procedure and the increase of both tensile strength and elongation at break in this composite confirmed the nanolevel dispersion and interface improvement in this case. AS8 influence in the final stages of polyethylene fracture was illustrated by AFM of elongated tensile specimens and a new mechanism of AS8 action was suggested. An interesting behavior consisting of simultaneous improvement of elastic modulus, strength and ductility was detected in the low range of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane concentration in LDPE (0.5 wt%). © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Properties and tailoring of the ubiquitous core–shell p–n junction in semiconductor nanowires by δ‐doping
Authors: Zervos Matthew 
Published: April 2013

Abstractmagnified imageThe properties of the core–shell p–n junction in GaAs nanowires have been investigated via the self‐consistent solution of the Poisson–Schrödinger equations in cylindrical coordinates and the effective mass approximation for doping levels between 1017–1019 cm–3 and radii ≤100 nm at 300 K. Only electrons or holes are confined in the n‐ or p‐type core for equal core–shell thicknesses and doping levels but the shell is depleted even when a flat‐band condition exists at the surface for equal core–shell volumes. In contrast, a δ‐doped n–i–n–i–p–i junction has a balanced charge distribution and flat‐band potential in the core and shell which is critical for the realization of high performance nanowire devices. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Applying biometrics to design three‐factor remote user authentication scheme with key agreement
Authors: Li Xiong , Niu Jianwei , Wang Zhibo , Chen Caisen 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTThere are some biometrics‐based three‐factor remote user authentication schemes proposed by researchers for ensure high security features for network‐based application systems. Recently, Das pointed out the security flaws of Li and Hwang's three‐factor remote user authentication scheme, and proposed an enhanced biometrics‐based three‐factor remote user authentication scheme. Das's scheme overcomes the defects of Li and Hwang's scheme, and maintains the advantages of Li and Hwang's scheme at the same time. However, after detailed analysis, we find that Das's scheme remains vulnerable to forgery attack and stolen smart card attack; at the same time, Das's scheme cannot provide the session key agreement after the mutual authentication. To provide more security features, we design a three‐factor remote user authentication scheme with key agreement using biometrics. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Lewis Acidity of the BO Triple Bond in Methyl(oxo)­borane
Authors: Bettinger Holger F. , Brough Sarah , Grunenberg Jörg 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe interaction of methyl(oxo)borane, CH3BO, with typical Lewis bases (nitrogen based and N‐heterocyclic carbenes) was investigated using density functional theory (B97‐D, TPSS‐D3), double hybrid density functionals (PWPB95‐D3, B2PLYP‐D3) in conjunction with empirical dispersion corrections, and coupled cluster theory involving singles, doubles, and a perturbative estimate of triple excitations [CCSD(T)]. A polarized quadruple‐zeta basis set was used throughout. The interaction energies computed with the double‐hybrid methods agree very well with CCSD(T). Compared to typical boron Lewis acids, the interaction energies are much smaller for methyl(oxo)borane, indicating that the BO triple bond results in significantly reduced Lewis acidity. An analysis of the mechanical bond strengths in CH3BO and its complexes indicates that the relaxed BO force constants (compliance constants) and the stretching vibrations decrease with increasing strengths of the dative interactions.
Synthesis and Properties of New (Phosphinoylmethyl)Pyridine N‐Oxides
Authors: Pailloux Sylvie L. , Rosario‐Amorin Daniel , Chakravarty Manab , Camus Jean‐Michel , Smith Karen Ann , Duesler Eileen N. , Dickie Diane A. , Paine Robert T. , Klausmeyer Kevin K. , Padron Daniel A. , Hay Benjamin P. , Delmau Laetitia H. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractSyntheses for 2‐[1‐(diarylphosphinoyl)‐1‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)methyl]pyridines, (8a, b), and 2‐[1‐(diarylphosphinoyl)‐1, 1‐bis(methylpyridin‐2yl)methyl]pyridines, (11a, b), (Ar = C6H5 and 2‐CF3C6H4), based on substitution of 2‐methylpyridine fragments onto the exo methylene carbon atom of 2‐[(diaryl)phosphinoylmethyl]pyridine platforms, are described. N‐oxidations of 8a, b and 11a, b produced the 2‐[1‐(diarylphosphinoyl)‐1‐(1‐oxy‐pyridin‐2yl)methyl]pyridine N‐oxides (5a, b) and the 2‐[1‐(diarylphosphinoyl)‐1, 1‐bis(1‐oxy‐methylpyridin‐2‐yl)methyl]pyridines (6a, b), respectively. The “short‐arm“ pyridine fragment of 11a, b resists N‐oxidation, and the fully oxidized molecules, 2‐[1‐(diarylphosphinoyl)‐1, 1‐bis(1‐oxy‐methylpyridin‐2‐yl)methyl]pyridine N‐oxides (7a, b) were not isolated. Molecular mechanics calculations for gas phase 1:1 ligand/lanthanide complexes indicated that 5a should accommodate a tridentate NO(meNO)PO coordination mode with minimal steric strain. In contrast, 7a cannot form tetradentate NO(meNO)2PO chelates; however, tridentate binding should be accessible with minimal ligand strain. Coordination complexes of 8a, b, 5a, b, 6a, b and 11a, b with Ln(NO3)3 salts were isolated and a X‐ray crystal structure for [Er(8a)(NO3)3(MeOH)2]·CH2Cl2, revealed a monodentate Er–O=P interaction. On the other hand, complexes formed by a more symmetrical trifunctional phenylphosphino‐bis‐2‐methylpyridine N, N, P‐trioxide ligand, (meNO)2PO*, {La[(meNO)2PO*)](OTf)2(MeOH)3(H2O)+}(OTf–) and {Pr[(meNO)2PO*)](OTf)(MeOH)4+}(OTf–)2, realized a tridentate coordination mode. Solvent extraction behaviors for EuIII and AmIII in nitric acid solutions using 5a, b, 6a, b, Ph3PO and the parent bifunctional ligand 2‐[(diphenylphosphanyl)methyl]pyridine N, P‐dioxide (3a) in 1, 2‐dichloroethane were assessed, and 5a, b and 6a, b were found to behave more like Ph3PO than 3a.
A strategy for preparing software organizations for statistical process control
Authors: Barcellos Monalessa Perini , de Almeida Falbo Ricardo , Rocha Ana Regina 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Software organizations have increased their interest in software process improvement (SPI). Nowadays, there are several frameworks that support SPI implementation. Some of them, such as CMMI (Capability Maturity Model Integration), propose to implement SPI in levels. At high maturity levels, such as CMMI levels 4 and 5, SPI involves carrying out statistical process control (SPC), which requires measures and data suitable for this context. However, measurement problems have been pointed in the literature as one of the main obstacles for a successful implementation of SPC in SPI efforts. With this scenario in mind, we developed a strategy to help software organizations prepare themselves regarding measurement aspects in order to implement SPC. The strategy is made up of three components: a Reference Software Measurement Ontology, an Instrument for Evaluating the Suitability of a Measurement Repository for SPC, and a Body of Recommendations for Software Measurement Suitable for SPC. In this paper we present the strategy as a whole and describe each one of its components.
Latent structure of psychosis in the general population: results from the Singapore Mental Health Study
Authors: Subramaniam M. , Abdin E. , Vaingankar J. A. , Verma S. , Chong S. A. 
Published: April 2013

BackgroundFew studies have examined the latent construct of psychotic symptoms or distinguished between the latent construct and its manifest indicators. The current study aimed to investigate the latent structure of psychotic symptoms using factor mixture modeling (FMM) and to use the best-fitting model to examine its sociodemographic and clinical correlates.MethodThe Singapore Mental Health Study (SMHS) was based on an adult representative sample of the Singapore population. Psychotic symptoms were assessed by using the Psychosis Screen section of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview version 3.0 (CIDI 3.0). FMM analyses were applied to determine the latent construct of psychotic symptoms. Sociodemographic and clinical correlates of the latent structure of psychosis symptoms were examined using multiple linear and logistic regression analyses.ResultsThe overall weighted lifetime prevalence of any psychotic experience was 3.8% in the SMHS after excluding subthreshold experiences. The FMM analysis clearly supported the dimensional model of the latent structure of psychotic symptoms. On deriving the total score for ‘psychosis symptoms’ in accordance with the one latent trait model, and correlating it with sociodemographic factors, we found that female gender, vocational education, current and past smokers were positively associated with the ‘psychosis’ total score.ConclusionsThere is a need for an increased understanding of, and research into, this intermediate state of ‘psychosis symptoms’ that do not meet diagnostic criteria for psychosis. It is also important to learn more about the group of individuals in the community who may have preserved functioning to elucidate the protective factors that prevent transition to psychosis.
Is sceptical religion adequate as a religion?
Authors: DOLE ANDREW 
Published: April 2013

AbstractI argue that J. L. Schellenberg's sceptical religion faces two problems of religious adequacy. The first has to do with its relationship to the goal of bringing persons into proper alignment with an ultimate good; the second, with the desideratum of sceptical religion's becoming sufficiently well-established as to be a vehicle for the accomplishment of great things on the stage of history. I argue that actual sceptical religion would need to accommodate itself to the requirements of historical existence, and that such accommodation might well lead to a blurring of the distinctions Schellenberg draws between ‘sectarian’ and sceptical religion.
Leo's Liturgical Topography: Contestations for Space in Fifth-Century Rome
Authors: Salzman Michele Renee 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis paper examines theSermonsof Leo the Great (a.d.440–461) for their liturgical topography. Leo developed an annual cycle of set places on set days — the very definition of stational liturgy — in Rome as one means to assert papal authority over the city's Christian communities and especially over the resident Roman senatorial aristocracy. Leo'sSermonsindicate that the bishop found new ways to centralize the liturgy at St Peter's in the Vatican, making St Peter's — not St John the Lateran — the religious centre and the symbol of the papacy.
Community-dwelling older adults' perceptions of dignity: core meanings, challenges, supports and opportunities
Authors: BLACK KATHY , DOBBS DEBRA 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTDignity is a universally important issue for all people, and particularly vital for older adults who face multiple losses associated with ageing. In the United States of America and beyond, the maintenance of dignity is a key aim of policy and service provision for older people. Yet surprisingly little research has been conducted into the meaning of dignity to community-based older adults in the context of everyday life. As life expectancy continues to increase worldwide, unprecedented numbers of people are living longer than ever before. The majority of older adults will face declining health and other factors that may impact dignity in the course of ageing in their communities. This paper reports on a study that explored older people's understandings and experiences of dignity through focus groups and a survey. Three key components of dignity are identified: autonomy, relational and self-identity. In addition, the paper discusses a range of factors that can facilitate or inhibit a sense of dignity for older people, including long-term health issues, sensory deficits and resilience to life events. Finally, the implications of these findings for policy and practice are considered in the context of American social structures and values.
Biology as destiny? Rethinking embodiment in ‘deep’ old age
Authors: PICKARD SUSAN 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTDespite sociological understanding that bodies are social and morphological, material and discursive, there is a persistent, prevailing tendency within sociology to approach the old body – particularly in ‘deep old age’ – as non-social. No longer amenable either to reflexive (consumerist) choice, or expressive of the self, it is viewed rather through a biomedical explanatory framework in which it is held to succumb to ‘natural’ physiological processes of decline that lie outside culture. This paper critically questions such assumptions which it links to sociology's acquiescing in modernity's age ideology rather than taking it as a starting point for critique. This means that sociology's sensitivity towards ageing is displayed not in challenging models of the older body but in diverting attention away from the body altogether and focusing on structural and cultural determinants which are not considered to encompass physiology. Arguing, however, that biology and society do not exist on separate plains, and that the body in deep old age is, like other bodies, first and foremost a social body, the paper draws upon feminist methodology and epistemology for the purpose of dismantling such essentialism. It suggests that the sociological imagination will benefit from the eradication of age ideology through a clearer understanding not just of ageing but of embodiment at all stages of the lifecourse.
Fire Safety Knowledge and Practices Among Residents of an Assisted Living Facility
Authors: Jaslow David , Ufberg Jacob , Yoon Russell , McQueen Clay , Zecher Derek , Jakubowski Greg 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIntroduction:Assisted living facilities (ALFs) pose unique fire risks to the elderly that may be linked to specific fire safety (FS) practices.Objective:To evaluate self-reported FS practices among ALF residents.Methods:All residents of a small ALF were surveyed regarding actual and hypothetical FS behaviors, self-perceived fire risk, and FS preparedness.Results:Fifty-eight ALF residents completed the survey. Thirty-three 58%) individuals reported one or more disabilities. Seven (12%) residents ignored the fire alarm and 21 (35%) could not hear it clearly. Sixteen (28%) residents would attempt to locate the source of a fire rather than escape from the building. Only 24 (42%) residents were familiar with the building fire plan.Twenty-three (40%) people surveyed believed that they were not at risk of fire in the study facility.Conclusion:Residents of an ALF may be at increased fire injury risk due to their FS practices and disabilities.
Cognitive Reserve Components as Expressed in Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Levi Yifat , Rassovsky Yuri , Agranov Eugenia , Sela-Kaufman Michal , Vakil Eli 
Published: April 2013

AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is the most common cause of brain damage, resulting in long-term disability. The “reserve” construct has been proposed to account for the reported mismatch between brain damage and its clinical expression. Although numerous studies have used various measures thought to reflect this construct, few studies have examined its underlying structure in clinical populations, and no studies have systematically studied this construct in TBI. In the present study, structural equation modeling technique was used to evaluate several models hypothesized to represent cognitive reserve (CR) in TBI. A broad range of data typically reported in the literature as representing CR was collected from 89 individuals who sustained moderate-to-severe TBI. Analyses revealed a best fitting model that consisted of three separate factors representing premorbid intelligence, socioeconomic status and leisure activity, with distinct pattern of associations among the three factors. Findings provide empirical support for the notion of a multi-factorial CR and suggest a coherent framework for further investigation. (JINS, 2013,19, 1–8)
School food standards in the UK: implementation and evaluation
Authors: Adamson Ashley , Spence Suzanne , Reed Lowri , Conway Ruth , Palmer Alison , Stewart Eve , McBratney Jennifer , Carter Lynne , Beattie Shirley , Nelson Michael 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo outline the evolution of school food standards and their implementation and evaluation in each of the four countries of the UK since 2000.DesignReview of relevant policies, surveys and evaluations, including country-specific surveys and regional evaluations.SettingUK: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.SubjectsPrimary and secondary schools and schoolchildren.ResultsBy September 2013 standards will have been introduced in all primary and secondary schools in the UK. Evaluations have varied in their scope and timing, relating to government forward planning, appropriate baselines and funding. Where standards have been implemented, the quality and nutritional value of food provided have improved. Emerging evidence shows improved overall diet and nutrient intake by school-aged children as a result.ConclusionsThe re-introduction of school food standards in the UK has not been centrally coordinated, but by September 2013 will be compulsory across all four countries in the UK, except in England where academies are now exempt. Provision of improved school food has had a demonstrable impact on diet and nutrition beyond the school dining room and the school gate, benefiting children from all socio-economic groups. Improved school food and dining environments are associated with higher levels of school lunch take up. Implementation of school food standards requires investment. It is critical to policy development that the value of this investment is measured and protected using planned, appropriate, robust and timely evaluations. Where appropriate, evaluations should be carried out across government departments and between countries.
School lunches v. packed lunches: a comparison of secondary schools in England following the introduction of compulsory school food standards
Authors: Stevens Lesley , Nicholas Jo , Wood Lesley , Nelson Michael 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjectivesTo compare food choices and nutrient intakes of pupils taking a school lunch or a packed lunch in eighty secondary schools in England, following the introduction of the food-based and nutrient-based standards for school food.DesignCross-sectional data collected between October 2010 and April 2011. Pupils’ lunchtime food choices were recorded over five consecutive days.SettingSecondary schools, England.SubjectsA random selection of 5925 pupils having school lunches and 1805 pupils having a packed lunch in a nationally representative sample of eighty secondary schools in England.ResultsThe differences in the specific types of food and drink consumed by the two groups of pupils are typical of differences between a hot and cold meal. On average, school lunches as eaten contained significantly more energy, carbohydrate, protein, fibre, vitamin A, folate, Fe and Zn than packed lunches, and 8 % less Na.ConclusionsAlthough neither school lunches nor packed lunches provided the balance of nutrients required to meet the nutrient-based standards (based on about one-third of daily energy and nutrient requirements), school lunches generally had a healthier nutrient profile, with lower Na and percentage of energy from fat, and higher fibre and micronutrient content. These differences were greater than those reported prior to the introduction of compulsory standards for school lunches. In order to ensure more pupils have a healthy lunch, schools could introduce and enforce a packed lunch policy or make school meals the only option at lunchtime.