bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The acceptability to Aboriginal Australians of a family‐based intervention to reduce alcohol‐related harms
Authors: Calabria Bianca , Clifford Anton , Shakeshaft Anthony , Allan Julaine , Bliss Donna , Doran Christopher 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIntroduction and AimsCognitive–behavioural interventions that use familial and community reinforcers in an individual's environment are effective for reducing alcohol‐related harms. Such interventions have considerable potential to reduce the disproportionately high burden of alcohol‐related harm among Aboriginal Australians if they can be successfully tailored to their specific needs and circumstances. The overall aim of this paper is to describe the perceived acceptability of two cognitive–behavioural interventions, the Community Reinforcement Approach (CRA) and Community Reinforcement and Family Training (CRAFT), to a sample of Aboriginal people.Design and MethodsDescriptive survey was administered to 116 Aboriginal people recruited through an Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Service and a community‐based drug and alcohol treatment agency in rural New South Wales, Australia.ResultsParticipants perceived CRA and CRAFT to be highly acceptable for delivery in their local Aboriginal community. Women were more likely than men to perceive CRAFT as highly acceptable. Participants expressed a preference for counsellors to be someone they knew and trusted, and who has experience working in their local community. CRA was deemed most acceptable for delivery to individuals after alcohol withdrawal and CRAFT for people who want to help a relative/friend start alcohol treatment. There was a preference for five or more detailed sessions.Discussion and ConclusionsFindings of this study suggest that CRA and CRAFT are likely to be acceptable for delivery to some rural Aboriginal Australians, and that there is potential to tailor these interventions to specific communities.
Personalized medicine in women's obesity prevention and treatment: implications for research, policy and practice
Authors: Yang N. , Ginsburg G. S. , Simmons L. A. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe prevalence of obesity in America has reached epidemic proportions, and obesity among women is particularly concerning. Severe obesity (body mass index ≥35 kg m−2) is more prevalent in women than men. Further, women have sex‐specific risk factors that must be considered when developing preventive and therapeutic interventions. This review presents personalized medicine as a dynamic approach to obesity prevention, management and treatment for women. First, we review obesity as a complex health issue, with contributing sex‐specific, demographic, psychosocial, behavioural, environmental, epigenetic and genetic/genomic risk factors. Second, we present personalized medicine as a rapidly advancing field of health care that seeks to quantify these complex risk factors to develop more targeted and effective strategies that can improve disease management and/or better minimize an individual's likelihood of developing obesity. Third, we discuss how personalized medicine can be applied in a clinical setting with current and emerging tools, including health risk assessments, personalized health plans, and strategies for increasing patient engagement. Finally, we discuss the need for additional research, training and policy that can enhance the practice of personalized medicine in women's obesity, including further advancements in the ‘‐omics’ sciences, physician training in personalized medicine, and additional development and standardization of innovative targeted therapies and clinical tools.
Intergenerational Persistence in Income and Social Class: The Effect of Within-Group Inequality
Authors: Blanden Jo , Gregg Paul , Macmillan Lindsey 
Published: November 2012

SummaryFamily income is found to be more closely related to sons’ earnings for a cohort born in 1970 compared with a cohort born in 1958. This result is in stark contrast with the finding on the basis of social class; intergenerational mobility for this outcome is found to be unchanged. Our aim here is to explore the reason for this divergence. We derive a formal framework which relates mobility as measured by family income or earnings to mobility as measured by social class. Building on this framework we then test several alternative hypotheses to explain the difference between the trends. We find evidence of an increase in the intergenerational persistence of the permanent component of income that is unrelated to social class. We reject the hypothesis that the observed decline in income mobility is a consequence of the poor measurement of permanent family income in the 1958 cohort.
Are Big Charities Becoming More Dominant?: Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Perspectives
Authors: Backus Peter , Clifford David 
Published: November 2012

SummaryThere is a debate surrounding the implications of big charities’ increasing dominance of total charitable income, but no empirical work which assesses whether indeed big charities are becoming increasingly dominant. We provide this assessment from both cross-sectional and longitudinal perspectives, using a panel data set with information on charities’ income in England and Wales between 1997 and 2008. From a cross-sectional perspective, examining trends in income concentration ratios, there is no evidence that the biggest charities account for a growing share of total charity income over the period of analysis. However, the longitudinal perspective, which relates income growth over the period to initial size, shows that initially large charities have significantly higher median relative growth rates than the initially small. Substantively, these results are relevant to government plans for the ‘Big Society’, which rest in part on the ability of smaller, community-based charities as well as the bigger voluntary bodies to thrive and grow. Methodologically, for studies which examine trends in the distribution of income, these results illustrate the additional insights that are provided by the longitudinal perspective which cannot be inferred from repeated cross-sectional information.
Forecasting the European Carbon Market
Authors: Koop Gary , Tole Lise 
Published: November 2012

SummaryIn an effort to meet its obligations under the Kyoto Protocol, the European Union has introduced a cap-and-trade scheme where mandated companies are allocated permits to emit carbon dioxide. Financial markets have developed that allow companies to trade these carbon permits. Several recent studies have attempted to model their prices. There are many institutional features that potentially impact on carbon prices and associated financial futures, making such an undertaking quite different from modelling conventional financial assets traded in mature markets. We forecast the carbon markets by using dynamic model averaging, which is a recently developed statistical method which has three advantages over conventional approaches. First, it allows the coefficients on the predictors in a forecasting model to change over time. Second, it allows for the entire forecasting model to change over time. Third, it surmounts statistical problems which arise from the large number of potential predictors that can explain carbon prices. Our empirical results indicate that there are both important policy and statistical benefits with our approach. Statistically, we present strong evidence that there is substantial turbulence and change in the carbon markets. We find that dynamic model averaging can model these features and forecast accurately compared with conventional approaches.
The relation between implicit theories of personality and forgiveness
Authors: NG AUDREY S. , TONG EDDIE M. W. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis research examined the effect of implicit theories of personality on interpersonal forgiveness and the mediating mechanism underlying this effect. Two experiments show that incremental personality theorists are less forgiving than entity personality theorists and that this difference can be explained by the incremental theorists’ stronger tendency to appraise the transgressor as responsible for causing the hurtful event. The same findings were obtained regardless of whether forgiveness was measured by self‐report or assessed as responses to anger words in a latency response task.
The influence of parent conflict style on children
Authors: BECK STEPHENSON J. , LEDBETTER ANDREW M. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractFamilies constantly manage tension between autonomy from and connection to family members (T. C. Sabourin, 2003). Family conflict is an important maintenance behavior where this tension often plays out. Specifically, we hypothesized that the negotiation of family conflict between parents and children will be an important factor in the willingness of a young adult child to identify with family. Using a sample of young adults from 2 U.S. locations, regression analysis indicated that conflict styles mediated the association between family communication patterns and shared family identity. Specifically, the level of conformity orientation within the family emerged as moderator of the pattern of mediation. Additionally, findings suggested the avoiding conflict style may be particularly detrimental to shared family identity.
The residual risk of transfusion‐related acute lung injury at the American Red Cross (2008‐2011): limitations of a predominantly male‐donor plasma mitigation strategy
Authors: Eder Anne F. , Dy Beth A. , Perez Jaime M. , Rambaud Michele , Benjamin Richard J. 
Published: November 2012

BackgroundThe American Red Cross began preferentially distributing plasma from male donors in 2007 and subsequently observed an 80% decrease in reported cases of transfusion‐related acute lung injury (TRALI) after plasma transfusion. Plasma distributions from male donors now exceed 99% for groups A, B, and O, but only approximately 60% for group AB. We evaluated the ongoing risk of TRALI and the ABO blood group of involved plasma donors.Study Design and MethodsThe rate of suspected TRALI per distributed components before (2006) and after (2008‐2011) implementing the predominantly male‐donor plasma strategy is compared.ResultsThe risk of TRALI from the general inventory of distributed plasma decreased significantly from 18.6 cases per million units in 2006 to 4.2 cases per million units in 2008 to 2011 (p < 0.0001). However, the risk from AB plasma did not change (26.3 cases per million units) and was significantly greater than group A, B, and O plasma in 2008 to 2011 (1.8 per million units; odds ratio 14.5; 95% confidence interval, 6.8‐30.9). Group AB plasma from female donors with HLA or HNA antibodies accounted for 14 of 28 (50%) of TRALI cases but less than 4% of all plasma units distributed in 2008 to 2011.ConclusionThe risk of TRALI after plasma transfusion has been markedly reduced for blood groups A, B, and O but not for AB, reflecting continued reliance on group AB plasma from female donors to meet increasing demand.
Implementation intentions intervention among temporarily deferred novice blood donors
Authors: Godin Gaston , Amireault Steve , Vézina‐Im Lydi‐Anne , Sheeran Paschal , Conner Mark , Germain Marc , Delage Gilles 
Published: November 2012

BackgroundApproximately 12% to 15% of blood donors are temporarily deferred from giving blood because they fail relevant medical criteria. Temporary deferral has a profound negative impact on subsequent donation. To our knowledge, an implementation intentions intervention has never been tested among temporarily deferred donors. We hypothesized that return rates would be higher among participants exposed to an implementation intentions intervention compared to those in a control condition that is mere measurement of related cognitions.Study Design and MethodsParticipants were assigned to implementation intentions or mere measurement conditions; whether or not participants received a temporary interdiction on giving blood was measured. A total of 956 novice donors were temporarily deferred (n = 490, in the implementation intentions condition; n = 466, in the mere measurement condition). Participants in the implementation intentions condition formed if–then plans to overcome three common barriers to blood donation: forgetting to attend, fitting the opportunity to give blood into one's schedule, and organizing transportation to the donation venue. Participants in the mere measurement condition did not form plans.ResultsParticipants in the implementation intentions condition had a 19% greater chance of returning to give blood again within the 4 years after their first lifetime donation compared to participants in the mere measurement condition (p = 0.04) when controlling for sex and attempt at which participants were deferred.ConclusionThe results of this study indicate that implementation intentions could be a useful strategy for promoting donor return among temporarily deferred novice blood donors.
Modeling the transmission risk of emerging infectious diseases through blood transfusion
Authors: Oei Welling , Janssen Mart P. , van der Poel Cees L. , van Steenbergen Jim E. , Rehmet Sybille , Kretzschmar Mirjam E.E. 
Published: November 2012

BackgroundA timely risk assessment is desired to guide decisions on preventive transfusion safety measures during emerging infectious disease (EID) outbreaks. TheEuropean Up‐Front Risk Assessment Tool (EUFRAT) model was developed to provide quantitative transmission risk estimates ofEIDsthrough blood transfusion.Study Design and MethodsThe generic model comprises five sequential steps to estimate the infection risks in the blood transfusion chain: 1) the prevalence of infection in the donor population, 2) the risk of obtaining infected donations, 3) infected components, 4) infected blood products, and 5) the risk of transmitting the infection to recipients. The model uses inputs from epidemiologic characteristics of anEIDand transfusion practice. The model was applied to data from a recent chikungunya outbreak inItaly.ResultsBased on data from the outbreak peak, an estimated prevalence of 1.07 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.38‐2.03) per 100,000 donors would lead to 0.04 infected donations (95%CI, 0.01‐0.10), 0.13 infected blood components, 0.13 infected end products, and 0.0001 severe infections in recipients. This estimated risk can be reduced by increasing the duration of quarantine of the donated blood and becomes zero after 7 or more days of quarantine. The model also estimated the probability of a donor returning from the outbreak area and subsequently donating infected blood in his home country to be 0.30 (95%CI, 0.01‐0.65) per 100,000.ConclusionThe model can be used to quantifyEIDoutbreak risks to blood transfusion recipients and the effect of targeted safety interventions and as such support public health decision‐making.
Cancer, Culture, and Individual Experience: Public Discourse and Personal Affliction
Authors: Perusek David 
Published: November 2012

AbstractFrom folk beliefs about how cancer spreads within the body and why “they” have yet to find a cure for it, to the cultural dimensions of personal condolences, and the ideological dimensions of cancer constructions in the media, I examine the ways in which U.S. culture and culture bearers frame the experience of cancer for cancer patients and their families. Viewing cultural frames as resources to be drawn on in time of need and engaging in participant‐observation in the life of a family simultaneously confronted with two cancer diagnoses, one of which was terminal, I conclude that contemporary cultural understandings of cancer in the United States may often work as antiresources threatening lived experience with maddening distortion.
Commentary: What affect produces
Authors: RUTHERFORD DANILYN 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTRheana Parreñas's examination of orangutan–human encounters suggests how cultural anthropologists might pioneer a bolder approach to the analysis of social interactions of all sorts. All interactions, however closely acquainted the parties involved, require the interpretation of more or less inscrutable sounds and gestures. Engaging with this strangeness incites intensely felt bodily experiences that people only imperfectly translate into passions like love, fear, shock, and relief. Parreñas points the way both to a fuller understanding of the role of this sort of affect in neoliberalism and to richer alliances among the subfields of anthropology and between anthropology and the humanities and natural and physical sciences. These new alliances promise to provide us with new ways of understanding our entanglements with others who are always both familiar and strange.
News media and contention over “the local” in urban India
Authors: UDUPA SAHANA 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTExploring the highly competitive bilingual news field in urban India, I illustrate how localization of news content has led to conflictual discourses around who should constitute “the local” and for what end. Mediatized contests over “the local” frame urban politics along linguistic and cultural divides, articulated through populist challenges to neoliberal media discourses of “the global local.” In turning a critical eye to these mediatized contests, I extend the recent emphasis on the need to “ground” globalization studies and explore the concrete ways in which globalization imprints itself on local spaces. I argue that local and global formations are embedded in the dynamics of news fields in ways that elude generalized claims advanced by pessimists of cultural homogeneity as well as by optimists of local resistance.
Narboh D, a Respiratory Burst Oxidase Homolog in Nicotiana attenuata, is Required for Late Defense Responses After Herbivore AttackF
Authors: Wu Jinsong , Wang Lei , Wünsche Hendrik , Baldwin Ian T. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe superoxide (O2−)‐generating NADPH oxidases are crucial for the defense of plants against attack from pathogens; however, it remains unknown whether they also mediate responses against chewing insect herbivores. The transcripts of the respiratory burst NADPH oxidase homolog Narboh D in Nicotiana attenuate are rapidly and transiently elicited by wounding, and are amplified when Manduca sexta oral secretions (OS) are added to the wounds. The fatty‐acid‐amino‐acid‐conjugates (FACs), demonstrably the major elicitors in M. sexta OS, are responsible for the increase in Narboh D transcripts. Silencing Narboh D significantly reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels after OS elicitation, but neither OS‐elicited jasmonic acid (JA) or JA‐isoleucine (JA‐Ile) bursts, pivotal hormones that regulates plant resistance to herbivores, nor early transcripts of herbivore defense‐related genes (NaJAR4 and NaPAL1), were influenced. However, late OS‐elicited increases in trypsin proteinase inhibitors (TPIs), as well as the transcript levels of defense genes such as polyphenol oxidase, TPI and Thionin were significantly reduced. In addition, Narboh D‐silenced plants were more vulnerable to insect herbivores, especially the larvae of the generalist Spodoptera littoralis. We thus conclude that Narboh D‐based defenses play an important role in late herbivore‐elicited responses.
Identification and Characterization of the Populus AREB/ABF Subfamily
Authors: Ji Lexiang , Wang Jia , Ye Meixia , Li Ying , Guo Bin , Chen Zhong , Li Hao , An Xinmin 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAbscisic acid (ABA) is a major plant hormone that plays an important role in responses to abiotic stresses. The ABA‐responsive element binding protein/ABRE‐binding factor (AREB/ABF) gene subfamily contains crucial transcription factors in the ABA‐mediated signaling pathway. In this study, a total of 14 putative AREB/ABF members were identified in the Populus trichocarpa Torr. & Gray. genome using five AREB/ABF amino acid sequences from Arabidopsis thaliana L. as probes. The 14 putative Populus subfamily members showed high protein similarities, especially in the basic leucine zipper (bZIP) domain region. A neighbor‐joining analysis combined with gene structure data revealed homology among the 14 genes. The expression patterns of the Populus AREB/ABF subfamily suggested that the most abundant transcripts of 11 genes occurred in leaf tissues, while two genes were most transcribed in root tissues. Significantly, eight Populus AREB/ABF gene members were upregulated after treatment with 100 μM exogenous ABA, while the other six members were downregulated. We identified the expression profiles of the subfamily members in Populus tissues and elucidated different response patterns of Populus AREB/ABF members to ABA stress. This study provided insight into the roles of Populus AREB/ABF homologues in plant response to abiotic stresses.
Sequential foraging of dusky dolphins with an inspection of their prey distribution
Authors: Degrati Mariana , Dans Silvana L. , Garaffo Griselda V. , Cabreira Ariel G. , Machado Federico Castro , Crespo Enrique A. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe aim of this work was to analyze the sequential foraging behavior of dusky dolphins (Lagenorhynchus obscurus). Foraging sequences were defined when more than two feeding bouts occur with a traveling bout between them. We hypothesized that traveling costs of searching for prey patches were related to the time spent feeding on a patch. In addition, the distribution and seasonal variation of anchovy schools were studied in the area to better understand dolphins' behavior. We observed dolphins from a research vessel from 2001 to 2007, and recorded their location and behavior. Anchovy data were collected during two hydro‐acoustic surveys. Dusky dolphin behaviors varied seasonally; they spent a greater proportion of time traveling and feeding in the warm season (Kruskal‐Wallis: H = 172.07, P < 0.01). During the cold season dolphin groups were more likely to exhibit diving behavior and less surface feeding. We found a positive correlation between searching and foraging time (r = 0.88, P = 0.019), suggesting that the costs associated with searching were compensated by an increase in the energy intake during the foraging bout. There was an association between dusky dolphin and anchovy distribution, in that they co‐varied spatially and seasonally.
Clinical evaluation of the feasibility of minimally invasive surgery in esophageal cancer
Authors: Miyasaka Daisuke , Okushiba Shunichi , Sasaki Takeshi , Ebihara Yuma , Kawada Masaya , Kawarada You , Kitashiro Shuji , Katoh Hiroyuki , Miyamoto Masaki , Shichinohe Toshiaki , Hirano Satoshi 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIntroductionOpen thoracotomy laparotomy with extended dissection for esophageal cancer is associated with problems such as delayed postoperative recovery and decreased quality of life. In contrast, in minimally invasive surgery, these problems can be improved. In the present study, we investigated the feasibility of minimally invasive surgery in esophageal cancer.MethodsIn this retrospective study, we evaluated esophagectomy performed by the same surgeon in 98 patients with thoracic esophageal cancer. Open surgery was performed in 30 patients (open group), and minimally invasive surgery was performed in 68 patients (MIS group). We compared the invasiveness and radical cure of cancer by minimally invasive surgery with that of open surgery.ResultsComparison between the open and MIS groups showed that intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative and postoperative transfused blood volume, and surgical site infection rates were significantly lower in the MIS group. The duration of postoperative endotracheal intubation and hospital stay were significantly shorter in the MIS group. The histopathologic type was squamous cell carcinoma in 93.3% in the open group and 92.6% in the MIS group. The respective 3‐year survival rates were 36.7% and 71.5%, and the respective 5‐year survival rates were 26.7% and 61.5%.ConclusionBased on a historical control study at a single institution, we are unable to conclude that minimally invasive surgery is superior to open surgery. However, our results indicate that minimally invasive surgery is feasible as a surgical procedure in esophageal cancer.