bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determining the presence of chicken and turkey meat in selected meat products using realtime PCR method
Authors: Mašlej Miloš , Golian Jozef , Maršalková Lenka 
Published: November 2014

The one of the most convenient method for the identification of animal species in raw and processed meat products is the examination of DNA sequences. Real-Time PCR are particularly suitable because even small fragments of DNA formed during heat processing of the meat can be amplified and identified. TaqMan Real-Time PCR is a rapid, convenient and sensitive assay for meat identification. For chicken and turkey meat identification we were using species-specific primers and TaqMan probe designed on the mitochondrial cytochrome b. The intensity of the fluorescence signal has risen at a variety of different samples. We analysed sixteen the samples of turkey meat products and we found the incidence of chicken at nine samples in the range of the detection range of the reaction0.1 to 100%. Sample 8 fluorescence intensity exceeded the detection threshold in the 22.11 cycle (Cp = 22.11); Sample 6, (Cp = 23.19); Sample 1 in 27.08 cycle (Cp = 27.08); Sample 7 in 31,7 cycle (Cp = 31.7) and sample 5 in 32.32 cycle (Cp = 32.32). All Cp values for these samples fluorescence intensity exceeded the detection threshold in earlier cycles as sample the 100% turkey DNA. It follows that in the samples no. 8, 6, 1, 5, and 7 is in the range of chicken DNA detection range of the reaction, from 0.1 to 100%. Sample 11 in the cycle 27,08 (Cp = 27.08); Sample 10 in the cycle 27.8 (Cp = 27.8); sample 16 in 28.03 cycle (Cp = 28.03) and sample 13 in the cycle of 29.18 (Cp = 29.18). In recognition of the results of the monitoring of the content of chicken meat in meat products it is appropriate to further verification and testing detection kits used to work for possible use in practice since it has been found to be sufficient sensitivity and specificity to 30 cycle reaction.
Evaluation and comparison of the content of total polyphenols and antioxidant activity in onion, garlic and leek
Authors: Kavalcová Petra , Bystrická Judita , Tomáš Ján , Karovičová Jolana , Kuchtová Veronika 
Published: November 2014

Onion, leek and garlic as onion family are a great source of freely available health-promoting and chemoprotective compounds (polyphenols, ﬂavonoids, fructooligosaccharides, thiosulﬁnates and other sulfur compounds, vitamins). Chemoprotective compounds belong between natural components. Onion, garlic and leek have high nutritional value. They are an important component of our human diet and we used them as a preventive factor for many diseases of civilization (cancer, coronary heart diseases, and atherosclerosis). In this work we watched and evaluated content of total polyphenols and antioxidant activity in onion, garlic and leek. Samples of plant material (onion, garlic and leek) we collected at the stage of full maturity in the area of Pružina. Pružina is area without negative influences and emission sources. Samples of fresh onion, garlic and leek were homogenized and were prepared an extract: 25 g cut onion, garlic and leek extracted by 50 ml 80% ethanol accourding sixteen hours. These extracts were used for analyses. The content of the total polyphenols was determined by using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent (FCR). Antioxidant activity was measured by using a compound DPPH (2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl). In the present experiment it was detected, that total polyphenols content in samples ranges from 210.67 mg/kg (leek) - 429.58 mg/kg (onion). Statistically significant highest value of total polyphenols was recorded in onion (389.64 to 429.58 mg/kg). Statistically significant the lowest content of total polyphenols was recorded in leek (210.67 - 254.80 mg/kg). Another indicator that has been evaluated and compared was the antioxidant activity of onion, garlic and leek. Statistically significant highest value of antioxidant activity was recorded in onion (20.22 - 25.76%). Statistically significant the lowest value of antioxidant activity was recorded in garlic (4.05 - 5.07%). Based on the measured values of AOA in onion, garlic and leek samples can be classified as follows: onion (20.22 - 25.76%) > leek (8.55 - 12.92%) > garlic (4.05 - 5.07%).
The role of sulphur on the content of total polyphenols and antioxidant activity in onion (Allium cepa L.)
Authors: Bystrická Judita , Kavalcová Petra , Vollmannová Alena , Tomáš Ján , Orsák Matyáš 
Published: November 2014

Sulphur is one of the most important elements in plants. Sulphur also positive influences on growth functions (nitrogen metabolism, enzyme activity and protein and oil synthesis), yield and quality bulbs of onion. In this experiment was watched the progress of making the total polyphenols content in different levels of fertilizer sulphur in onion during vegetation. In the work we watched also the influence of sulphur fertilization on the antioxidant activity. Sulphur was added in amounts 7.3 mg.kg-1 S, 11 mg.kg-1 S and 14,6 mg.kg-1 S. Samples of fresh onion we collected at the beginning, in the middle and in the end of vegetation period and we prepared an extract: 50 g cut onion extracted by 100 ml 80% ethanol according sixteen hours. These extracts were used for experiment. The content of total polyphenols was estimated by using Folin-Ciocalteau reagent. The absorbance was measured at 765 nm of wave length against blank. Antioxidant activity was measured using a compound DPPH˙ (2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) at 515.6 nm in the spectrophotometer. Our values of total polyphenolic content during vegetation period were in range from 508.16 ±27.59 mg.kg-1 to 638.2 ±12.84 mg.kg-1. The highest content of total polyphenolics was recorded at the end of the vegetation period (638.32 ±12.84 mg.kg-1) in III. sampling (incorporation of sulphur in quantity of 14.6 mg S.kg-1soil). This increase was statistically significant (P-value = 2.10-3). The lowest content of total polyphenols was measured in the middle of vegetation period (415.41 ±13.32 mg.kg-1) in II. sampling (incorporation of sulphur in quantity of 11 mg S.kg-1soil). Another indicator that has been evaluated and compared was the influence of sulphur fertilization on the antioxidant activity. The highest values of antioxidant activity were recorded at the end of vegetation period in all variants. The lowest value of antioxidant activity (25.41 ±7.67%) was measured in three sampling in II.variant.
Legal Advice in Police Custody: From Europe to a Local Police Station
Authors: Ogorodova Anna , Spronken Taru 
Published: November 2014

Legal Advice in Police Custody: From Europe to a Local Police Station
In October 2013, the European Union adopted a Directive, which guarantees, inter alia, the right of access to a lawyer to suspects of criminal offences from the outset of police custody and during police interrogation. However, adoption of the relevant legislation is not sufficient to ensure that this right becomes effective in practice. A range of practical measures will have to be taken by the Member States’ authorities and the legal profession to effectuate the implementation of the right to custodial legal advice. This article aims to identify the practical factors that may influence the implementation of the Directive, based on the findings of a recent normative and empirical study conducted by the authors. The research was carried out in four European jurisdictions (England and Wales, France, the Netherlands and Scotland), and it consisted of analysis of regulations, observations of daily practice in police stations, accompanying lawyers who provided custodial legal advice, and interviews with criminal justice practitioners. The article provides a range of recommendations on the practical measures to be undertaken by the EU Member States and national Bar associations aiming at improving the protection of suspects’ rights in police custody in practice.
Enkele opmerkingen over instemmingsrechten
Authors: Huizink J.B. 
Published: November 2014

Enkele opmerkingen over instemmingsrechten
Sinds de invoering van de Wet tot vereenvoudiging en flexibilisering van het bv-recht kennen we bij de bv zogenoemde instemmingsrechten. In deze bijdrage wordt het rechtskarakter van deze instemmingsrechten – vennootschapsrechtelijk zowel als vermogensrechtelijk – onderzocht. De conclusie is dat de aan de aandelen verbonden instemmingsrechten bij verpanding van het aandeel kunnen overgaan naar de pandhouder.
De Ontwerpregeling ter bescherming van derivatenbeleggers tegen faillissement van de tussenpersoon nader beschouwd
Authors: Kuijper E.W. 
Published: November 2014

De Ontwerpregeling ter bescherming van derivatenbeleggers tegen faillissement van de tussenpersoon nader beschouwd
Het consultatiedocument Wijzigingswet financiële markten 2016 omvat een regeling ter bescherming van derivatenbeleggers tegen faillissement van de tussenpersoon. Voorgesteld wordt de regeling op te nemen in de Wge. De regeling beoogt het Nederlandse recht in lijn te brengen met de regels die de MiFID en de EMIR stellen inzake de bescherming van derivatenbeleggers. De auteur beschouwt de voorgestelde regeling nader en signaleert enkele aandachtspunten. Uit de bijdrage blijkt dat het opstellen van een regeling die past binnen het vermogensrecht en aansluit bij de praktijk geen eenvoudige opgave is.
Breast Cancer – Diagnosis and Treatment Prolonging Life: A Review
Authors: Susmitha Kasina  , Hemant K.S. Yadav  , H.G. Shivakumar  
Published: November 2014

Breast cancer is a malignant tumour that starts either in the ducts or lobules, this can be generally differentiated as either in situ or invasive (in filtering) type. It is expected that in 2014 every 1 in 8 women are likely to develop invasive breast cancer during their lifetime when compared to a decade back where an average of 1 in 10 was seen. With this increase, breast cancer alone, roughly accounts for 25 to 30% of new cancer cases this year. Despite such diagnostic statistics, there are millions of survivors across the globe and this increasing rate can be attributed to the tremendous increase in advances in treatment and also early diagnosis. New drug delivery carriers like nanoparticles, liposomes, monoclonal antibodies, etc. are being used to improve the efficacy of therapy and for site specific delivery to reduce side effects. As a result of the constant effort by researchers, today the commercial market has a range of products apart from the conventional dosage forms like Herceptin (trastuzumab), a monoclonal antibody; the others in this class are Pertuzumab (Perjeta), Kadcyla (ado-trastuzumab emtansine) used for targeted delivery; Myocet (doxorubicin), a liposomal formulation and Paclitaxel nanoparticles all these are available as injections via intravenous route or infusion in few cases. There are yet certain other promising technologies like magnetic nanoparticle hyperthermia and cMethDNA assay a very assuring method to monitor recurrence of breast cancer by a simple blood test. This review will focus on the description of disease, diagnosis, current treatment therapies and ongoing research to provide better facilities.
Parenté sociale et adoption homosexuelle : quel choix politique ?
Authors: Renchon Jean-Louis 
Published: November 2014

Saisi de différentes propositions de loi, les unes tendant à conférer un statut juridique au beau-parent hétérosexuel ou homosexuel, et les autres tendant à autoriser l’adoption par des personnes de même sexe, le Parlement belge devrait très prochainement débattre de la question de savoir s’il instituera la « parenté sociale » ou s’il envisagerait même de permettre l’adoption d’un enfant par deux « parents » de même sexe, c’est-à-dire de conférer à un enfant une double filiation de même sexe.
Cette étude a pour objectif d’une part de circonscrire les différences qui existent, en termes juridiques, entre un statut de parenté sociale et une adoption homosexuelle et d’autre part de faire apparaître les enjeux socio-politiques du choix qui devra être effectué par le Parlement.
Mean sea‐level variability along the northeast American Atlantic coast and the roles of the wind and the overturning circulation
Authors: Woodworth Philip L. , Maqueda Miguel Á. Morales , Roussenov Vassil M. , Williams Richard G. , Hughes Chris W. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe variability in mean sea level (MSL) during 1950–2009 along the northeast American Atlantic coast north of Cape Hatteras has been studied, using data from tide gauges and satellite altimetry and information from the Liverpool/Hadley Centre (LHC) ocean model, thereby providing new insights into the spatial and temporal scales of the variability. Although a relationship between sea level and the overturning circulation can be identified (an increase of approximately 1.5 cm in MSL for a decrease of 1 Sv in overturning transport), it is the effect of the nearshore wind forcing on the shelf that is found to dominate the interannual sea‐level variability. In particular, winds are found to be capable of producing low‐frequency changes in MSL (“accelerations”) in a narrow coastal band, comparable to those observed by the tide gauges. Evidence is presented supporting the idea of a “'common mode” of spatially coherent low‐frequency MSL variability, both to the north and south of Cape Hatteras and throughout the northwest Atlantic, which is associated with large spatial‐scale density changes from year to year.
Robust adaptive phase‐only beamforming algorithm for interference suppression
Authors: Lu Chengjun , Sheng Weixing , Han Yubing , Ma Xiaofeng 
Published: November 2014

SummaryThe adaptive phase‐only beamforming technique is very important for suppressing interferences in phased array radar. However, similar to the conventional beamforming technique, which features variable magnitudes and phases, the performance of phase‐only beamforming is severely degraded by steering direction and array geometry errors. No studies on this problem are available. In this paper, the problem of adequate robustness for adaptive phase‐only beamformers is investigated, and a robust phase‐only beamforming algorithm based on semidefinite relaxation is proposed. This algorithm can suppress interferences by minimizing the array output power and maintain the desired signal without distortion. Robust adaptive phase‐only weighting is first converted into a non‐convex quadratic optimization problem and then into a convex optimization problem by the semidefinite relaxation technique, which can be solved easily. Experimental results demonstrate that the new robust adaptive phase‐only beamforming algorithm can significantly reduce performance degradation caused by various array errors. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Facile Synthesis of Pyrazoles through Metal‐Free Oxidative C(sp2)H Cycloamination of Vinyl Hydrazones
Authors: Liang Dongdong , Zhu Qiang 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAn efficient synthesis of structurally diversified pyrazole derivatives through metal‐free oxidative CH cycloamination of vinyl hydrazones has been developed. The reaction was usually complete within 5 min at ambient temperature in air in good to excellent yields.
Virtual Anthropology
Authors: Weber Gerhard W. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTComparative morphology, dealing with the diversity of form and shape, and functional morphology, the study of the relationship between the structure and the function of an organism's parts, are both important subdisciplines in biological research. Virtual anthropology (VA) contributes to comparative morphology by taking advantage of technological innovations, and it also offers new opportunities for functional analyses. It exploits digital technologies and pools experts from different domains such as anthropology, primatology, medicine, paleontology, mathematics, statistics, computer science, and engineering. VA as a technical term was coined in the late 1990s from the perspective of anthropologists with the intent of being mostly applied to biological questions concerning recent and fossil hominoids. More generally, however, there are advanced methods to study shape and size or to manipulate data digitally suitable for application to all kinds of primates, mammals, other vertebrates, and invertebrates or to issues regarding plants, tools, or other objects. In this sense, we could also call the field “virtual morphology.” The approach yields permanently available virtual copies of specimens and data that comprehensively quantify geometry, including previously neglected anatomical regions. It applies advanced statistical methods, supports the reconstruction of specimens based on reproducible manipulations, and promotes the acquisition of larger samples by data sharing via electronic archives. Finally, it can help identify new, hidden traits, which is particularly important in paleoanthropology, where the scarcity of material demands extracting information from fragmentary remains. This contribution presents a current view of the six main work steps of VA: digitize, expose, compare, reconstruct, materialize, and share. The VA machinery has also been successfully used in biomechanical studies which simulate the stress and strains appearing in structures. Although methodological issues remain to be solved before results from the two domains can be fully integrated, the various overlaps and cross‐fertilizations suggest the widespread appearance of a “virtual functional morphology” in the near future. Yrbk Phys Anthropol 156:22–42, 2015. © 2014 American Association of Physical Anthropologists
Rationales Design und asymmetrische Synthese potenter neuritotropher Liganden für FK506‐bindende Proteine (FKBPs)
Authors: Pomplun Sebastian , Wang Yansong , Kirschner Alexander , Kozany Christian , Bracher Andreas , Hausch Felix 
Published: November 2014

AbstractUm höchst effiziente Inhibitoren für FK506‐bindende Proteine zu erzielen, wurde eine neue asymmetrische Synthese für pro‐(S)‐C5‐verzweigte [4.3.1]‐Aza‐Amid‐Bicyclen entwickelt. Der entscheidende Syntheseschritt war dabei eine HF‐vermittelte N‐Acyliminium‐Cyclisierung. Die Funktionalisierung des C5‐Restes führte zu neuen Proteinkontakten mit dem psychiatrischen Risikofaktor FKBP51, was eine mehr als 280‐fache Steigerung der Affinität ermöglichte. Die besten Liganden verstärkten potent die Differenzierung von N2a‐Neuroblastomazellen.
The Influence of Two‐Dimensional Organization on Peptide Conformation
Authors: White Simon J. , Johnson Steven D. , Sellick Mark A. , Bronowska Agnieszka , Stockley Peter G. , Wälti Christoph 
Published: November 2014

AbstractMolecular crowding plays a significant role in regulating molecular conformation in cellular environments. It is also likely to be important wherever high molecular densities are required, for example in surface‐phase studies, in which molecular densities generally far exceed those observed in solution. Using on‐surface circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, we have investigated the structure of a synthetic peptide assembled into a highly packed monolayer. The immobilized peptide undergoes a structural transition between α‐helical and random coil conformation upon changes in pH and ionic concentration, but critically the threshold for conformational change is altered dramatically by molecular crowding within the peptide monolayer. This study highlights the often overlooked role molecular crowding plays in regulating molecular structure and function in surface‐phase studies of biological molecules.
Water–Water and Water–Solute Interactions in Microsolvated Organic Complexes
Authors: Pérez Cristóbal , Neill Justin L. , Muckle Matthew T. , Zaleski Daniel P. , Peña Isabel , Lopez Juan C. , Alonso Jose L. , Pate Brooks H. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA structural study of microsolvated clusters of β‐propiolactone (BPL) formed in a pulsed molecular jet expansion is presented. The rotational spectra of BPL–(H2O)n (n=1–5) adducts have been analyzed by broadband microwave spectroscopy. Unambiguous identification of the structures has been achieved using isotopic substitution and experimental measurements of the cluster dipole moment. The observed structures are discussed in terms of the different intermolecular interactions between water molecules and between water and BPL, which include n–π* interactions involving the lone pairs of electrons on water oxygen atoms and the antibonding orbital of the BPL carbonyl group. The changes induced in the structures of the water hydrogen‐bonding network by complexation to BPL indicate that water clusters adopt specific configurations to maximize their links to solute molecules.
Ionenselektive Guanin‐Quadruplex‐Faltung auf DNA‐Origami‐ Strukturen
Authors: Olejko Lydia , Cywinski Piotr J. , Bald Ilko 
Published: November 2014

AbstractDNA‐Origami‐Nanostrukturen sind vielseitig anwendbare Hilfsmittel, die genutzt werden können, um Funktionalitäten mit hoher lokaler Kontrolle anzuordnen. Hier zeigen wir, dass DNA‐Origami‐Substrate genutzt werden können, um die Faltung bestimmter Guanin(G)‐Quadruplex‐Strukturen zu unterdrücken. Die Faltung von Telomer‐DNA zu G‐Quadruplexen in Gegenwart einwertiger Kationen (z. B. Na+ und K+) wird derzeit zur Detektion von K+‐Ionen genutzt, allerdings mit ungenügender Selektivität gegenüber Na+. Mithilfe von FRET zwischen zwei organischen Farbstoffen, die am 3′‐ und 5′‐Ende der Telomer‐DNA immobilisiert werden, zeigen wir, dass die G‐Quadruplex‐Faltung auf DNA‐Origami‐Strukturen in Gegenwart von Natriumionen sterisch gehindert wird. Dadurch stellt die an DNA‐Origami‐Strukturen gebundene Telomer‐DNA ein hochempfindliches und selektives Detektionssystem für Kaliumionen dar, sogar in Gegenwart hoher Natriumionenkonzentration.
Synthesis of Azoimidazolium Dyes with Nitrous Oxide
Authors: Tskhovrebov Alexander G. , Naested Lara C. E. , Solari Euro , Scopelliti Rosario , Severin Kay 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA new method for the synthesis of industrially important azoimidazolium dyes is presented. The procedure is based on a reagent which is rarely used in the context of synthetic organic chemistry: nitrous oxide (“laughing gas”). N2O is first coupled to N‐heterocyclic carbenes. Subsequent reaction with aromatic compounds through an AlCl3‐induced CH activation process provides azoimidazolium dyes in good yields.
18F‐Fluorine‐18‐l‐dihydroxyphenylalanine (18F‐DOPA) positive isolated peritoneal carcinomatosis from a MENII‐related medullary thyroid carcinoma. About an atypical metastatic site and utility of 18F‐FDOPA
Authors: Aziz Anne‐Laure , Dierickx Lawrence , Courbon Frederic , Taïeb David , Zerdoud Slimane 
Published: November 2014

Key Clinical MessageA patient, operated for a medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) with a positive RET mutation, showed several peritoneal nodes on a computed tomography (CT), with increased Thyrocalcitonine. A 18F‐Fluorine‐18‐l‐dihydroxyphenylalanine (18‐F‐FDOPA) positron emission tomography (PET/CT) showed isolated tracer uptake on the nodes. A biopsy confirmed that it was from the MTC, with the same RET mutation as in blood.
A case report of de novo missense FOXP1 mutation in a non‐Caucasian patient with global developmental delay and severe speech impairment
Authors: Song Hao , Makino Yuka , Noguchi Emiko , Arinami Tadao 
Published: November 2014

Key Clinical MessageThe FOXP protein family (FOXP1‐4) is a group of transcription factors that play important roles in embryological, immunological, hematological, and speech and language development. Here, we report FOXP1 de novo mutation and severe speech delay in an individual belonging to a non‐Caucasian population.