bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Issues in Bilingualism and Heritage Language Maintenance: Perspectives of Minority-Language Mothers of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Yu Betty 
Published: February 2013

PurposeThe author investigated the language practices of 10 bilingual, Chinese/English-speaking, immigrant mothers with their children with autism spectrum disorders. The aim was to understand (a) the nature of the language practices, (b) their constraints, and (c) their impact.MethodThe author employed in-depth phenomenological interviews with thematic and narrative analyses to yield themes.ResultsInterviewees reported that they adopted language practices perceived to be advantageous to intervention access and wellness. They valued Chinese language but did not pursue its use if it was believed to hinder the children’s overall development of English acquisition. All of the mothers believed that bilingualism made learning more challenging. Many believed that it caused confusion or exacerbated disabilities. These deficit views of bilingualism were commonly reinforced by professionals. All of the mothers were motivated to help their children learn English but had no assistance to do so. Practices were sustainable only when they were aligned with families' preferred communication patterns.ConclusionsThere is an urgent need for practitioners to be better informed about issues related to intergenerational language practices in minority-language families. Language use between parents and children is a complex matter that is unique to each family. Parents need to be supported to make language use decisions that are self-enhancing and congruent with their families' needs.
The Association Between Expressive Grammar Intervention and Social and Emergent Literacy Outcomes for Preschoolers With SLI
Authors: Washington Karla N. 
Published: February 2013

Purpose
To determine whether (a) expressive grammar intervention facilitated social and emergent literacy outcomes better than no intervention and (b) expressive grammar gains and/or initial expressive grammar level predicted social and emergent literacy outcomes.

Method
This investigation was a follow-up to a recently published study exploring the impact of grammatical language intervention on expressive grammar outcomes for preschoolers with specific language impairment (SLI). Twenty-two 3- to 5-year-old preschoolers received ten 20-minute intervention sessions addressing primary deficits in grammatical morphology. Participants' social and emergent literacy skills were not targeted. Twelve children awaiting intervention, chosen from the same selection pool as intervention participants, served as controls. Blind assessments of social and emergent literacy outcomes were completed at preintervention, immediately postintervention, and 3 months postintervention.

Results
Only intervention participants experienced significant gains in social and emergent literacy outcomes and maintained these gains for 3 months postintervention. Expressive grammar gains was the only single significant predictor of these outcomes.

Conclusions
Expressive grammar intervention was associated with broad impacts on social and emergent literacy outcomes that were maintained beyond the intervention period. Gains in expressive grammar predicted these outcomes. Social and emergent literacy skills were positively affected for preschoolers with SLI during a grammatical language intervention program.
An Evidence-Based Systematic Review on Cognitive Interventions for Individuals With Dementia
Authors: Hopper Tammy , Bourgeois Michelle , Pimentel Jane , Qualls Constance Dean , Hickey Ellen , Frymark Tobi , Schooling Tracy 
Published: February 2013

PurposeTo evaluate the current state of research evidence related to cognitive interventions for individuals with Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias.MethodA systematic search of the literature was conducted across 27 electronic databases based on a set of a priori questions, inclusion/exclusion criteria, and search parameters. Studies were appraised for methodological quality and categorized according to intervention technique and outcome (e.g., cognitive-communication impairment or activity limitation/participation restriction). Results were summarized and, when possible, analyzed quantitatively using indicators of treatment effect size.ResultsForty-three studies met criteria for inclusion in the review. The most commonly used cognitive intervention techniques used were errorless learning, spaced-retrieval training, vanishing cues, or verbal instruction/cueing. Most treatment outcomes were measured at the cognitive-communication impairment level of functioning and were generally positive. However, results should be interpreted cautiously because of methodological limitations across studies.ConclusionsResearch evidence to support the use of cognitive interventions for individuals with dementia is accumulating. Researchers are beginning to evaluate treatment efficacy, yet the focus tends to be on discovery, specifically, refining intervention variables that will facilitate optimal outcomes. Implications for clinical practice and avenues for future research are discussed.
Early Maternal Language Use During Book Sharing in Families From Low-Income Environments
Authors: Abraham Linzy M. , Crais Elizabeth , Vernon-Feagans Lynne ,   and the Family Life Project Phase 1 Key Investigators
Published: February 2013

PurposeThe authors examined the language used by mothers from low-income and rural environments with their infants at ages 6 and 15 months to identify predictors of maternal language use at the 15-month time point.MethodMaternal language use by 82 mothers with their children was documented during book-sharing interactions within the home in a prospective longitudinal study. The authors analyzed transcripts for maternal language strategies and maternal language productivity.ResultsAnalyses indicated variability across mothers in their language use and revealed some stability within mothers, as maternal language use at the 6-month time point significantly predicted later maternal language. Mothers who used more language strategies at the 6-month time point were likely to use more of these language strategies at the 15-month time point, even after accounting for maternal education, family income, maternal language productivity, and children’s communicative attempts.ConclusionsMothers' language use with their children was highly predictive of later maternal language use, as early as age 6 months. Children’s communication also influenced concurrent maternal language productivity. Thus, programs to enhance maternal language use would need to begin in infancy, promoting varied and increased maternal language use and also encouraging children’s communication.
Environmental Correlates of Upstream Migration of Yellow‐Phase American Eels in the Potomac River Drainage
Authors: Welsh Stuart A. , Liller Heather L. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAssessing the relationships between upstream migration and environmental variables is important to understanding the ecology of yellow‐phase American Eels Anguilla rostrata. During an American Eel migration study within the lower Shenandoah River (Potomac River drainage), we counted and measured American Eels at the Millville Dam eel ladder for three periods: 14 May–23 July 2004, 7–30 September 2004, and 1 June–31 July 2005. Using generalized estimating equations, we modeled each time series of daily American Eel counts by fitting time‐varying environmental covariates of lunar illumination (LI), river discharge (RD), and water temperature (WT), including 1‐d and 2‐d lags of each covariate. Information‐theoretic approaches were used for model selection and inference. A total of 4,847 American Eels (19–74 cm total length) used the ladder during the three periods, including 2,622 individuals during a 2‐d span following a hurricane‐induced peak in river discharge. Additive‐effects models of RD + WT, a 2‐d lag of LI + RD, and LI + RD were supported for the three periods, respectively. Parameter estimates were positive for river discharge for each time period, negative for lunar illumination for two periods and positive for water temperature during one period. Additive‐effects models supported synergistic influences of environmental variables on the upstream migration of yellow‐phase American Eels, although river discharge was consistently supported as an influential correlate of upstream migration.
Impact of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) Multidimensional Hand Hygiene Approach over 13 Years in 51 Cities of 19 Limited-Resource Countries from Latin America, Asia, the Middle East, and Europe
Authors: Rosenthal Victor D. , Pawar Mandakini , Leblebicioglu Hakan , Navoa-Ng Josephine Anne , Villamil-Gómez Wilmer , Armas-Ruiz Alberto , Cuéllar Luis E. , Medeiros Eduardo A. , Mitrev Zan , Gikas Achilleas , Yang Yun , Ahmed Altaf , Kanj Souha S. , Dueñas Lourdes , Gurskis Vaidotas , Mapp Trudell , Guanche-Garcell Humberto , Fernández-Hidalgo Rosalía , Kübler Andrzej 
Published: February 2013

Objective.To assess the feasibility and effectiveness of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) multi-dimensional hand hygiene approach in 19 limited-resource countries and to analyze predictors of poor hand hygiene compliance.Design.An observational, prospective, cohort, interventional, before-and-after study from April 1999 through December 2011. The study was divided into 2 periods: a 3-month baseline period and a 7-year follow-up period.Setting.Ninety-nine intensive care unit (ICU) members of the INICC in Argentina, Brazil, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, El Salvador, Greece, India, Lebanon, Lithuania, Macedonia, Mexico, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Poland, and Turkey.Participants.Healthcare workers at 99 ICU members of the INICC.Methods.A multidimensional hand hygiene approach was used, including (1) administrative support, (2) supplies availability, (3) education and training, (4) reminders in the workplace, (5) process surveillance, and (6) performance feedback. Observations were made for hand hygiene compliance in each ICU, during randomly selected 30-minute periods.Results.A total of 149,727 opportunities for hand hygiene were observed. Overall hand hygiene compliance increased from 48.3% to 71.4% (P < .01). Univariate analysis indicated that several variables were significantly associated with poor hand hygiene compliance, including males versus females (63% vs 70%; P<.001), physicians versus nurses (62% vs 72%; P<.001), and adult versus neonatal ICUs (67% vs 81%; P<.001), among others.Conclusions.Adherence to hand hygiene increased by 48% with the INICC approach. Specific programs directed to improve hand hygiene for variables found to be predictors of poor hand hygiene compliance should be implemented.
Fourier transform of anisotropic Hardy spaces
Authors: Bownik Marcin , Wang Li-An 
Published: February 2013

We show that if

f
f

is in an anisotropic Hardy space

H
A
p

H_A^p

,

0
>
p
≤
1

0 > p \leq 1

, with respect to a dilation matrix

A
A

, then its Fourier transform

f
^

\hat {f}

satisfies the pointwise estimate
\[

|

f
^

(
ξ
)

|

≤
C

|

|

f

|

|

H
A
p

ρ
∗

(
ξ

)

1
p

−
1

.

|\hat f(\xi )| \le C ||f||_{H^p_A} \rho _*(\xi )^{\frac {1}{p}-1}.

\]
Here,

ρ
∗

\rho _*

is a quasi-norm associated with the transposed matrix

A
∗

A^*

. This leads to necessary conditions for functions

m
m

to be multipliers on

H
A
p

H_A^p

, as well as further pointwise characterizations on

f
^

\hat {f}

and a generalization of the Hardy-Littlewood inequality on the integrability of

f
^

\hat {f}

. This last result is strengthened through the use of rearrangement functions.
Addressing the “Wicked Problem” of Input Subsidy Programs in Africa
Authors: Ricker‐Gilbert Jacob , Jayne Thomas , Shively Gerald 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article reviews and critically assesses evidence on input subsidy programs implemented in selected countries over the past decade in Africa. We believe that input subsidies should be considered wicked problems because of the indeterminacy and difficulty surrounding how they are evaluated. Main findings from the current body of literature are that input subsidies provide some measurable but relatively small positive benefit to recipient households' well‐being. In addition, most studies find that subsidized inputs crowd out commercial input purchases, mitigating the extent to which subsidy programs contribute to total fertilizer use and crop production. African governments may wish to carefully consider the benefits and distributional effects of input subsidy programs relative to other uses of scarce public resources.
Hybrid regulatory models: a statistically tractable approach to model regulatory network dynamics
Authors: Ocone Andrea , Millar Andrew J. , Sanguinetti Guido 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Motivation: Computational modelling of the dynamics of gene regulatory networks is a central task of systems biology. For networks of small/medium scale, the dominant paradigm is represented by systems of coupled non-linear ordinary differential equations (ODEs). ODEs afford great mechanistic detail and flexibility, but calibrating these models to data is often an extremely difficult statistical problem.
Results: Here, we develop a general statistical inference framework for stochastic transcription–translation networks. We use a coarse-grained approach, which represents the system as a network of stochastic (binary) promoter and (continuous) protein variables. We derive an exact inference algorithm and an efficient variational approximation that allows scalable inference and learning of the model parameters. We demonstrate the power of the approach on two biological case studies, showing that the method allows a high degree of flexibility and is capable of testable novel biological predictions.
Availability and implementation: http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/gsanguin/software.html.
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Contact: G.Sanguinetti@ed.ac.uk
Prevalence of Child Sexual Abuse in Pediatric Patients With Chronic Abdominal Pain
Authors: Sonneveld Liza P. , Brilleslijper‐Kater Sonja N. , Benninga Marc A. , van Konijnenburg Eva M.M. Hoytema , Sieswerda‐Hoogendoorn Tessa , Teeuw Arianne H. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTBackground and Objectives:A history of sexual abuse is to be found in approximately 40% of all adult patients with gastrointestinal complaints. Data on the prevalence of child sexual abuse (CSA) in children with chronic abdominal pain (CAP) are lacking. The objective of this systematic review is to determine the prevalence of CSA in pediatric patients with CAP.Methods:We conducted a systematic literature search in the electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychInfo, and ERIC. Reference lists of relevant articles were scanned for additional citations. We selected case‐control, cohort and cross‐sectional studies investigating the prevalence of CSA in children with CAP, ages 0 to 18 years. Data were extracted from relevant studies, which were assessed for methodological quality by 2 independent reviewers. Prevalence of CSA was the main outcome measure.Results:The literature search yielded a total of 269 articles. Only 2 studies met our inclusion criteria, reporting CSA in 2.1% and 8.0% of children (age range 4–21 years) with CAP. Both studies were conducted in small groups (n = 48 and n = 50) without control group(s) and did not use standardized or validated instruments for diagnosing CSA.Conclusions:According to existing data, the prevalence of a history of CSA in pediatric patients with CAP is lower than in adult patients; however, no well‐designed studies have been conducted in children. Future research is required to determine a reliable prevalence of CSA in children with CAP.
Reciprocal Control of Anaplerotic Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase by in Vivo Monoubiquitination and Phosphorylation in Developing Proteoid Roots of Phosphate-Deficient Harsh Hakea
Authors: Shane Michael W. , Fedosejevs Eric T. , Plaxton William C. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates important functions for phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) carboxylase (PEPC) in inorganic phosphate (Pi)-starved plants. This includes controlling the production of organic acid anions (malate, citrate) that are excreted in copious amounts by proteoid roots of nonmycorrhizal species such as harsh hakea (Hakea prostrata). This, in turn, enhances the bioavailability of mineral-bound Pi by solubilizing Al3+, Fe3+, and Ca2+ phosphates in the rhizosphere. Harsh hakea thrives in the nutrient-impoverished, ancient soils of southwestern Australia. Proteoid roots from Pi-starved harsh hakea were analyzed over 20 d of development to correlate changes in malate and citrate exudation with PEPC activity, posttranslational modifications (inhibitory monoubiquitination versus activatory phosphorylation), and kinetic/allosteric properties. Immature proteoid roots contained an equivalent ratio of monoubiquitinated 110-kD and phosphorylated 107-kD PEPC polypeptides (p110 and p107, respectively). PEPC purification, immunoblotting, and mass spectrometry indicated that p110 and p107 are subunits of a 430-kD heterotetramer and that they both originate from the same plant-type PEPC gene. Incubation with a deubiquitinating enzyme converted the p110:p107 PEPC heterotetramer of immature proteoid roots into a p107 homotetramer while significantly increasing the enzyme’s activity under suboptimal but physiologically relevant assay conditions. Proteoid root maturation was paralleled by PEPC activation (e.g. reduced Km [PEP] coupled with elevated I50 [malate and Asp] values) via in vivo deubiquitination of p110 to p107, and subsequent phosphorylation of the deubiquitinated subunits. This novel mechanism of posttranslational control is hypothesized to contribute to the massive synthesis and excretion of organic acid anions that dominates the carbon metabolism of the mature proteoid roots.
The variable projection method for waveform inversion with an unknown source function
Authors: Rickett James 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTThis paper compares three alternative algorithms for simultaneously estimating a source wavelet at the same time as an earth model in full‐waveform inversion: (i) simultaneous descent, (ii) alternating descent and (iii) descent with the variable projection method. The latter is a technique for solving separable least‐squares problems that is well‐known in the applied mathematics literature. When applied to full‐waveform inversion, it involves making the source wavelet an implicit function of the earth model via a least‐squares filter‐estimation process. Since the source wavelet becomes purely a function of medium parameters, it no longer needs to be treated as a separate unknown in the inversion. Essentially, the predicted data are projected onto the measured data in a least‐squares sense at every function evaluation, making use of the fact that the filter estimation problem is trivial when compared to the full‐waveform inversion problem. Numerical tests on a simple 1D model indicate that the variable projection method gives the best result; actually producing results in quality that are very similar to control experiments with a known, correct wavelet.
Compressive strength and elastic properties of a transversely isotropic calcareous mudstone
Authors: Miller Douglas , Plumb Richard , Boitnott Gregory 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTThis paper reports measurements of static and dynamic elastic properties plus compressive strength performed on a block of calcareous mudstone retrieved from an exploration well. Measurements of mechanical properties indicate that the mudstone is anisotropic with respect to all three properties. A detailed analysis of the elastic moduli computed using small unload reload cycles and simultaneous ultrasonic wave velocities shows both strong anisotropy and strong anelasticity. Surprisingly, the measurements are consistent with a mathematical description of a special type of anisotropic linear viscoelastic medium that is obtained by adding a set of compliant elements (e.g., contacts between clay particles, kerogen lenses, or micro‐fractures) to an isotropic viscoelastic solid. This medium is fully characterized by density plus four parameters defining the viscoelastic solid and the excess normal compliance associated with the compliant elements. The mathematical model predicts a full set of parameters characterizing a transversely isotropic medium with a vertical axis of symmetry (a ‘tiv’ medium) for both low‐ and high‐strain rate behaviour.
Exploring Peri‐urbanisation and Agricultural Systems in the Melbourne Region
Authors: BUTT ANDREW 
Published: February 2013

AbstractProcesses of peri‐urbanisation emerge from a range of drivers that differ according to socio‐economic and geographic settings. Using the Melbourne outer peri‐urban region, this paper explores these processes using a set of indicator variables for four identified modes of peri‐urbanisation: exurbanisation, hidden urbanisation, retiree mobility, and displaced suburbia. This paper considers the relationships between these modes and their locational distribution. It then considers the potential influence of these processes on the characteristics of farming systems in the subject region through regression models. Significant relationships are evident in several instances, specifically the differences that emerge between retiree mobility and exurbanisation or displaced suburbia (processes linked to urban proximity). These latter processes also appear to influence features of local agricultural systems, including farm scale and type.
The effectiveness of Bayesian state‐space models for estimating behavioural states from movement paths
Authors: Beyer Hawthorne L. , Morales Juan M. , Murray Dennis , Fortin Marie‐Josée 
Published: February 2013

Summary

Bayesian state‐space movement models have been proposed as a method of inferring behavioural states from movement paths (Morales et al. 2004), thereby providing insight into the behavioural processes from which patterns of animal space use arise in heterogeneous environments. It is not clear, however, how effective state‐space models are at estimating behavioural states.

We use stochastic simulations of two movement models to quantify how behavioural state movement characteristics affect classification error. State‐space movement models can be a highly effective approach to estimating behavioural states from movement paths.

Classification accuracy was contingent upon the degree of separation between the distributions that characterize the states (e.g. step length and turn angle distributions) and the relative frequency of the behavioural states. In the best case scenarios classification accuracy approached 100%, but was close to 0% when step length and turn angle distributions of each state were similar, or when one state was rare. Mean classification accuracy was uncorrelated with path length, but the variance in classification accuracy was inversely related to path length.

Importantly, we find that classification accuracy can be predicted based on the separation between distributions that characterize the movement paths, thereby providing a method of estimating classification accuracy for real movement paths. We demonstrate this approach using radiotelemetry relocation data of 34 moose (Alces alces).

We conclude that Bayesian state‐space models offer powerful new opportunities for inferring behavioural states from relocation data.