bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arsenic‐containing hydrocarbons and arsenic‐containing fatty acids: Transfer across and presystemic metabolism in the Caco‐2 intestinal barrier model
Authors: Meyer Sören , Raber Georg , Ebert Franziska , Taleshi Mojtaba S , Francesconi Kevin A , Schwerdtle Tanja 
Published: July 2015

ScopeArsenic‐containing hydrocarbons (AsHCs) and arsenic‐containing fatty acids (AsFAs) represent two classes of arsenolipids occurring naturally in marine food. Toxicological data are yet scarce and an assessment regarding the risk to human health has not been possible. Here, we investigated the transfer and presystemic metabolism of five arsenolipids in an intestinal barrier model.Methods and resultsThree AsHCs and two AsFAs were applied to the Caco‐2 intestinal barrier model. Thereby, the short‐chain AsHCs reached up to 50% permeability. Transport is likely to occur via passive diffusion. The AsFAs showed lower intestinal bioavailability, but respective permeabilities were still two to five times higher as compared to arsenobetaine or arsenosugars. Interestingly, AsFAs were effectively biotransformed while passing the in vitro intestinal barrier, whereas AsHCs were transported to the blood‐facing compartment essentially unchanged.ConclusionAsFAs can be presystemically metabolised and the amount of transferred arsenic is lower than that for AsHCs. In contrast, AsHCs are likely to be highly intestinally bioavailable to humans. Since AsHCs exert strong toxicity in vitro and in vivo, toxicity studies with experimental animals as well as a human exposure assessment are needed to assess the risk to human health related to the presence of AsHCs in seafood.
Golden ratio sparse MRI using tiny golden angles
Authors: Wundrak Stefan , Paul Jan , Ulrici Johannes , Hell Erich , Geibel Margrit‐Ann , Bernhardt Peter , Rottbauer Wolfgang , Rasche Volker 
Published: July 2015

PurposeThe combination of fully balanced SSFP sequences with iterative golden angle radial sparse parallel (iGRASP) MRI leads to strong image artifacts due to eddy currents caused by the large angular increment of the golden angle ordering. The purpose of this work is to enable the combination of iterative golden angle radial sparse parallel MRI with balanced SSFP using the recently presented tiny golden angles.MethodsThe tiny golden angle trajectories are analyzed for their incoherence properties in relation to sparse imaging using the time‐resolved point‐spread functions. Tiny golden angle radial sparse parallel (tyGRASP) MRI is introduced and evaluated with applications in cardiac imaging and dynamic imaging of the temporomandibular joint. The results are analyzed in detail for 3 T and verified for 1.5 T.ResultsThe incoherence properties of the tiny golden angle trajectory are comparable to the incoherence properties of the golden angle trajectory and are well suited for sparse MRI reconstruction. The proposed tiny golden angle radial sparse parallel MRI method strongly reduces eddy current related artifacts for both applications.ConclusionThis work enables sparse, golden‐ratio‐based imaging with balanced SSFP sequences. Magn Reson Med 75:2372–2378, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Inpatient versus outpatient vincristine, dactinomycin, and cyclophosphamide for pediatric cancers: Quality and cost implications
Authors: Beaty Rachel S. , Bernhardt M. Brooke , Berger Amanda H. , Hesselgrave Joy E. , Russell Heidi V. , Okcu M. Fatih 
Published: July 2015

BackgroundApproximately 18% of the United States' gross domestic product is attributed to healthcare expenditures. Several studies have illustrated that shifting healthcare from the inpatient to the outpatient setting is more cost effective, in addition to improving patient satisfaction. Vincristine, dactinomycin, and cyclophosphamide (VAC) are used together to treat children with solid tumors. Our traditional treatment approach included a two day inpatient admission. The purpose of this project was to establish a process for the administration of VAC in the outpatient setting to improve satisfaction, and reduce costs.ProcedureWe aimed to benchmark practice standards with other institutions, revised our treatment approach to permit outpatient administration, and implemented the new protocol in a stepwise manner. We collected caregiver satisfaction metrics through the use of surveys. Costs of encounters were obtained from administrative data. Total costs and costs by service type were compared using descriptive and mean comparisons.ResultsSeven patients received a total of 31 cycles of VAC in the outpatient setting. The time to achieve an appropriate pre‐chemotherapy specific gravity was reduced by a median of 120 min. In addition, time spent in the hospital setting was reduced by a mean of 27.2 hr. Adverse effects were minimal and all caregivers reported greater satisfaction with the outpatient regimen. Outpatient administration of VAC was $3,300 less on average compared to the inpatient administration.ConclusionOutpatient VAC provides a safe alternative for administration that reduces healthcare costs, reduces healthcare utilization, and improves patient satisfaction. Pediatr Blood Cancer © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Strukturaufklärung von Kristallpulver
Authors: Kasten Peter 
Published: July 2015

AbstractNachdem der Nachweis einer Beugung von Röntgenstrahlen an Kristallen gelungen war, entwickelten Peter Debye und Paul Scherrer 1915 in Göttingen ein Verfahren zur Strukturanalyse von Kristallpulver. Mit einer neuen Zylinderkamera und einer verbesserten Röntgenröhre erzielten sie ihren Erfolg. Damit legten sie den Grundstein für weitere Schritte – die Analyse der Kolloide und Faserstoffe mit weiterentwickelten Versuchsaufbauten und Auswertemethoden. Bis heute ist das Debye‐Scherrer‐Verfahren eine Standardmethode zur Strukturaufklärung. Ihr anfängliches Ziel, den inneren Aufbau des Atoms zu klären, erreichten sie damit nicht.
Kühlen von großen Objekten mit Laserlicht
Authors: Sawadsky Andreas , Hammerer Klemens , Schnabel Roman 
Published: July 2015

AbstractDie Kopplung eines Lichtfeldes an die Bewegung eines mechanischen Oszillators über Strahlungsdruck ist ein wichtiger Ansatz für die Erforschung von quantenmechanischen Eigenschaften großer Objekte. Unsere Gruppe am Institut für Gravitationsphysik der Leibniz Universität Hannover und am Albert‐Einstein‐Institut hat mit Licht eine makroskopische Membran bis auf 126 mK gekühlt. Dabei wurde neben der üblichen “dispersiven” Kopplung auch erstmals eine neue “dissipative” Kopplung angewandt.
Heiße Ionen kaltgestellt
Authors: Schmöger Lisa , López‐Urrutia José R. Crespo 
Published: July 2015

AbstractUltrapräzise Spektroskopie kalter, einfach geladener Ionen ist seit einiger Zeit möglich.Unserer Kollaboration vom Max‐Planck‐Institut für Kernphysik in Heidelberg und der PTB in Braunschweig ist nun erstmalig die Präparation ultrakalter hochgeladener Ionen in einer Radiofrequenz‐Falle gelungen. Diese neue Technik erlaubt die Anwendung hochpräziser Laserspektroskopie auf diese interessante, artenreiche Klasse atomarer Systeme, die bisher gängigen Untersuchungsmethoden nicht zugänglich war.
Der Trick mit der Tischdecke
Authors: Vollmer Michael , Möllmann Klaus‐Peter 
Published: July 2015

AbstractEine Tischdecke unter einem Service feinsten Porzellans wegzuziehen ohne dass etwas vom Tisch fällt und zerbricht ist sicher eine Herausforderung. Aber viele Vorführungen, auch in Experimentalphysik‐Vorlesungen beweisen: es funktioniert. Hochgeschwindigkeits‐Videos können diesen heiklen Experimenten physikalische Details entlocken.
Die App Physics Toolbox Light Sensor
Authors: Schulz Michaela , Wilhelm Thomas , Kuhn Jochen 
Published: July 2015

AbstractDie App Physics Toolbox Light Sensor misst mit Hilfe des integrierten Lichtsensors die Beleuchtungsstärke. Damit können beispielsweise unterschiedliche Kompaktleuchtstoffröhren, auch bekannt als Energiesparlampen, genauer untersucht werden.
Lichtwellen und Linsen für Leuchttürme
Authors: Loos Andreas 
Published: July 2015

AbstractKein Tageslichtprojektor kommt ohne sie aus: spezielle Linsen, die dank einer genialen Idee des Gesuchten leicht und dünn sind. Der Trick besteht darin, die bauchige Linse in feine Ringe zu zerlegen. Mit der entstehenden konzentrischen Treppenstruktur lässt sich nicht nur Material und Masse sparen, man kann auf diese Weise sogar Linsen aus Kunststoff pressen – zum Beispiel zu billigen Lupen, die so flach sind, dass man sie zwischen Buchseiten packen kann.
Joghurt – faszinierend saure Partikelgele
Authors: Vilgis Thomas 
Published: July 2015

AbstractJoghurt lässt sich leicht selbst herstellen: Frische Milch, ein Esslöffel Naturjoghurt, alternativ Milchsäurebakterien als Starterkultur dazu und über Nacht bei Temperaturen von 36 °C bis 42 °C im Backofen temperieren – fertig ist der Joghurt. Die Physik dazu ist anspruchsvoller. Es entstehen dabei Partikelgele, deren irreguläre Struktur für die weiche und doch feste Textur des Milchprodukts verantwortlich ist.
Mid‐Wisconsin to Holocene Permafrost and Landscape Dynamics based on a Drained Lake Basin Core from the Northern Seward Peninsula, Northwest Alaska
Authors: Lenz Josefine , Grosse Guido , Jones Benjamin M. , Walter Anthony Katey M. , Bobrov Anatoly , Wulf Sabine , Wetterich Sebastian 
Published: July 2015

AbstractPermafrost‐related processes drive regional landscape dynamics in the Arctic terrestrial system. A better understanding of past periods indicative of permafrost degradation and aggradation is important for predicting the future response of Arctic landscapes to climate change. Here, we used a multi‐proxy approach to analyse a ~ 4 m long sediment core from a drained thermokarst lake basin on the northern Seward Peninsula in western Arctic Alaska (USA). Sedimentological, biogeochemical, geochronological, micropalaeontological (ostracoda, testate amoebae) and tephra analyses were used to determine the long‐term environmental Early‐Wisconsin to Holocene history preserved in our core for central Beringia. Yedoma accumulation dominated throughout the Early to Late‐Wisconsin but was interrupted by wetland formation from 44.5 to 41.5 ka BP. The latter was terminated by the deposition of 1 m of volcanic tephra, most likely originating from the South Killeak Maar eruption at about 42 ka BP. Yedoma deposition continued until 22.5 ka BP and was followed by a depositional hiatus in the sediment core between 22.5 and 0.23 ka BP. We interpret this hiatus as due to intense thermokarst activity in the areas surrounding the site, which served as a sediment source during the Late‐Wisconsin to Holocene climate transition. The lake forming the modern basin on the upland initiated around 0.23 ka BP and drained catastrophically in spring 2005. The present study emphasises that Arctic lake systems and periglacial landscapes are highly dynamic and that permafrost formation as well as degradation in central Beringia was controlled by regional to global climate patterns as well as by local disturbances. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
GIS‐based Maps and Area Estimates of Northern Hemisphere Permafrost Extent during the Last Glacial Maximum
Authors: Lindgren Amelie , Hugelius Gustaf , Kuhry Peter , Christensen Torben R. , Vandenberghe Jef 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis study presents GIS‐based estimates of permafrost extent in the northern circumpolar region during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), based on a review of previously published maps and compilations of field evidence in the form of ice‐wedge pseudomorphs and relict sand wedges. We focus on field evidence localities in areas thought to have been located along the past southern border of permafrost. We present different reconstructions of permafrost extent, with areal estimates of exposed sea shelf, ice sheets and glaciers, to assess areas of minimum, likely and maximum permafrost extents. The GIS‐based mapping of these empirical reconstructions allows us to estimate the likely area of northern permafrost during the LGM as 34.5 million km2 (which includes 4.7 million km2 of permafrost on exposed coastal sea shelves). The minimum estimate is 32.7 million km2 and the maximum estimate is 35.3 million km2. The extent of LGM permafrost is estimated to have been between c. 9.1 to 11.7 million km2 larger than its current extent on land (23.6 million km2). However, 2.4 million km2 of the lost land area currently remains as subsea permafrost on the submerged coastal shelves. The LGM permafrost extent in the northern circumpolar region during the LGM was therefore about 33 percent larger than at present. The net loss of northern permafrost since the LGM is due to its disappearance in large parts of Eurasia, which is not compensated for by gains in North America in areas formerly covered by the Laurentide ice sheet. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The distribution and clearance of (2S,6S)‐hydroxynorketamine, an active ketamine metabolite, in Wistar rats
Authors: Moaddel Ruin , Sanghvi Mitesh , Dossou Katina Sourou Sylvestre , Ramamoorthy Anuradha , Green Carol , Bupp James , Swezey Robert , O'Loughlin Kathleen , Wainer Irving W. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe distribution, clearance, and bioavailability of (2S,6S)‐hydroxynorketamine has been studied in the Wistar rat. The plasma and brain tissue concentrations over time of (2S,6S)‐hydroxynorketamine were determined after intravenous (20 mg/kg) and oral (20 mg/kg) administration of (2S,6S)‐hydroxynorketamine (n = 3). After intravenous administration, the pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated using noncompartmental analysis and the half‐life of drug elimination during the terminal phase (t1/2) was 8.0 ± 4.0 h and the apparent volume of distribution (Vd) was 7352 ± 736 mL/kg, clearance (Cl) was 704 ± 139 mL/h per kg, and the bioavailability was 46.3%. Significant concentrations of (2S,6S)‐hydroxynorketamine were measured in brain tissues at 10 min after intravenous administration, ~30 μg/mL per g tissue which decreased to 6 μg/mL per g tissue at 60 min. The plasma and brain concentrations of (2S,6S)‐hydroxynorketamine were also determined after the intravenous administration of (S)‐ketamine, where significant plasma and brain tissue concentrations of (2S,6S)‐hydroxynorketamine were observed 10 min after administration. The (S)‐ketamine metabolites (S)‐norketamine, (S)‐dehydronorketamine, (2S,6R)‐hydroxynorketamine, (2S,5S)‐hydroxynorketamine and (2S,4S)‐hydroxynorketamine were also detected in both plasma and brain tissue. The enantioselectivity of the conversion of (S)‐ketamine and (R)‐ketamine to the respective (2,6)‐hydroxynorketamine metabolites was also investigated over the first 60 min after intravenous administration. (S)‐Ketamine produced significantly greater plasma and brain tissue concentrations of (2S,6S)‐hydroxynorketamine relative to the (2R,6R)‐hydroxynorketamine observed after the administration of (R)‐ketamine. However, the relative brain tissue: plasma concentrations of the enantiomeric (2,6)‐hydroxynorketamine metabolites were not significantly different indicating that the penetration of the metabolite is not enantioselective.
On giant components and treewidth in the layers model
Authors: Feige Uriel , Hermon Jonathan , Reichman Daniel 
Published: July 2015

AbstractGiven an undirected n‐vertex graph G(V, E) and an integer k, let Tk(G) denote the random vertex induced subgraph of G generated by ordering V according to a random permutation π and including in Tk(G) those vertices with at most k – 1 of their neighbors preceding them in this order. The distribution of subgraphs sampled in this manner is called the layers model with parameter k. The layers model has found applications in studying ℓ‐degenerate subgraphs, the design of algorithms for the maximum independent set problem, and in bootstrap percolation. In the current work we expand the study of structural properties of the layers model. We prove that there are 3‐regular graphs G for which with high probability T3(G) has a connected component of size , and moreover, T3(G) has treewidth . In contrast, T2(G) is known to be a forest (hence of treewidth 1), and we prove that if G is of bounded degree then with high probability the largest connected component in T2(G) is of size . We also consider the infinite grid , for which we prove that contains a unique infinite connected component with probability 1. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 48, 524–545, 2016
A deep analysis on future web technologies and protocols over broadband GEO satellite networks
Authors: Caviglione Luca , Celandroni Nedo , Collina Matteo , Cruickshank Haitham , Fairhurst Gorry , Ferro Erina , Gotta Alberto , Luglio Michele , Roseti Cesare , Abdel Salam Ahmed , Secchi Raffaello , Sun Zhili , Vanelli Coralli Alessandro 
Published: July 2015

SummaryThe goal of this work was to understand the direction of the emerging web technologies and to evaluate their expected impact on satellite networking.Different aspects have been analysed using both real satellite testbeds and emulation platforms in different test sites in Europe. This analysis included an evaluation of those HTTP/2.0 specifications, which were implemented and released as open‐source code in the experimental release of the SPDY protocol. SPDY performance was evaluated over satellite testbeds in order to understand the expected interaction with performance‐enhancing proxies (including scenarios with a SPDY proxy at a satellite gateway), the impact of security and the effect of satellite capacity allocation mechanisms. The analysis also considered the impact of application protocols and the delay induced by end‐system networks, such as a satellite‐connected WiFi network. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of membrane lipid composition and antibacterial drugs on the rigidity of Escherichia coli: Different contributions of various bacterial substructures
Authors: Li Ming , Gan Chaoye , Shao Wenxiang , Yu Chuan , Wang Xingguo , Chen Yong 
Published: July 2015

SummaryThe rigidity/stiffness is an important biomechanical property of bacteria and potentially correlated with many bacterial activities. While the rigidity or fluidity of the bacterial membrane has been extensively studied, the contributions of different bacterial substructures to the bacterial rigidity are less investigated. Here, we utilized four Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains with different membrane lipid compositions and three antibacterial drugs (EDTA, lysozyme, and streptomycin) to specifically alter bacterial substructures. By using atomic force microscopy (AFM), we found that the average height and Young's modulus of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE)‐deficient E. coli strains were larger than those of PE+ strains and that EDTA, EDTA plus lysozyme instead of lysozyme alone, and streptomycin all caused significant decreases in height and Young's modulus of the four E. coli strains. Our data imply that membrane lipid composition, the integrated outer membrane, the cell wall, and the cytoplasmic content are all responsible for bacterial rigidity but to different extents. SCANNING 38:70–79, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A new authenticated key agreement scheme based on smart cards providing user anonymity with formal proof
Authors: Wu Fan , Xu Lili , Kumari Saru , Li Xiong , Alelaiwi Abdulhameed 
Published: July 2015

AbstractNowadays, smart‐card‐based user authentication becomes one of the most important security issues. But many schemes of that kind are under different attacks. Recently, Kumari et al. pointed that Chen et al.‘s scheme and Li et al.‘s scheme with the smart card were not secure. They proposed two improved schemes. Unfortunately, we find that the two schemes are not secure. The first scheme of Kumari et al. is under the de‐synchronization attack and lacks strong forward security. The second has the weaknesses including no user anonymity and password leaking. Also, it cannot withstand the user‐impersonation attack. We present a new scheme also based on the smart card overcoming common disadvantages and give a formal proof. We also use the tool ProVerif to verify the security of our scheme. Compared with some recent schemes, our scheme performs well, and it is fit for network applications. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of the dietary fibre levels on faecal hair excretion after 14 days in short and long‐haired domestic cats
Authors: Weber Mickaël , Sams Laura , Feugier Alexandre , Michel Sandrine , Biourge Vincent 
Published: July 2015

AbstractHairballs are a common problem in cats and may result in intestinal obstruction. Dietary fibre has been recommended to stimulate hair faecal excretion. The objective of this study was to assess the influence of psyllium and different levels of total dietary fibre (6% vs. 11% vs. 15% TdF) on hair faecal excretion in short and long‐haired (LH) domestic cats. Twenty‐one adult cats were divided into three panels: shedding panel, short‐haired (SH) panel and LH panel. Shedding panel was used to assess shedding throughout the study with a normalized brushing. In parallel, SH panel and LH panel were used to evaluate the impact of the diets on faecal hair excretion. They were fed a low‐fibre diet during phase 1 (diet 6, 6.0% TdF). In phase 2, panels were fed either diet 11 (11% TdF) or diet 15 (15% TdF). In phase 3, cats returned to diet 6 before a crossover on the other diet in phase 4. Those diets were fed to cats for 14 days. Faecal hair excretion was quantified daily. Data were analysed using a generalized linear model procedure. The assessment of shedding showed that the study did not occur during moulting season. In the LH panel, diet 11 and diet 15 increased (P < 0.001) faecal hair excretion by 81% and 113% respectively, compared to the control diet. In the SH panel, no influence of the diets was observed. This study supports that fibre affects faecal hair excretion in LH cats, suggesting that a diet with psyllium and 11% or 15% TdF might minimize hairball formation in 14 days and between shedding periods. In SH cats, 11% and 15% fibre levels had no effect on faecal hair excretion. This could be explained by the low quantity of hair ingested outside the shedding season or by the short duration of the study.
Multi‐objective ensemble generation
Authors: Gu Shenkai , Cheng Ran , Jin Yaochu 
Published: July 2015

Ensemble methods that combine a committee of machine‐learning models, each known as a member or base learner, have gained research interests in the past decade. One interest on ensemble generation involves the multi‐objective approach, which attempts to generate both accurate and diverse members that fulfill the theoretical requirements of good ensembles. These methods resolve common difficulties of balancing the trade‐off between accuracy and diversity and have been shown to be advantageous over single‐objective methods. This study presents an up‐to‐date survey on multi‐objective ensemble generation methods, including widely used diversity measures, member generation, selection, and integration techniques. Challenges and potential applications of multi‐objective ensemble generation are also discussed. WIREs Data Mining Knowl Discov 2015, 5:234–245. doi: 10.1002/widm.1158This article is categorized under:

Algorithmic Development > Ensemble Methods