bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolated Linear Skull Fractures in Children With Blunt Head Trauma
Authors: Powell Elizabeth C. , Atabaki Shireen M. , Wootton-Gorges Sandra , Wisner David , Mahajan Prashant , Glass Todd , Miskin Michelle , Stanley Rachel M. , Jacobs Elizabeth , Dayan Peter S. , Holmes James F. , Kuppermann Nathan 
Published: March 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:Children and adolescents with minor blunt head trauma and isolated skull fractures are often admitted to the hospital. The objective of this study was to describe the injury circumstances and frequency of clinically important neurologic complications among children with minor blunt head trauma and isolated linear skull fractures.METHODS:This study was a planned secondary analysis of a large prospective cohort study in children &lt;18 years old with blunt head trauma. Data were collected in 25 emergency departments. We analyzed patients with Glasgow Coma Scale scores of 14 or 15 and isolated linear skull fractures. We ascertained acute neurologic outcomes through clinical information collected during admission or via telephone or mail at least 1 week after the emergency department visit.RESULTS:In the parent study, we enrolled 43 904 children (11 035 [25%] &lt;2 years old). Of those with imaging studies, 350 had isolated linear skull fractures. Falls were the most common injury mechanism, accounting for 70% (81% for ages &lt;2 years old). Of 201 hospitalized children, 42 had computed tomography or MRI repeated; 5 had new findings but none required neurosurgical intervention. Of 149 patients discharged from the hospital, 20 had repeated imaging, and none had new findings.CONCLUSIONS:Children with minor blunt head trauma and isolated linear skull fractures are at very low risk of evolving other traumatic findings noted in subsequent imaging studies or requiring neurosurgical intervention. Hospital admission for neurologically normal children with isolated linear skull fractures after minor blunt head trauma for monitoring is typically unnecessary.
Characterization of Polyesters Obtained by Enzyme-Catalyzed Ring-Opening Polymerization of Pentadecanolide at high Temperature
Authors: Herrera-Kao W. , Cervantes-Uc M. , Lara-Ceniceros T. , Aguilar-Vega M. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTDifferences on physicochemical properties of poly(pentadecanolide), PPDL, synthesized by enzymatic ring opening polymerization at two different temperatures, 70 C and 90 C, using Novozyme-430 were assessed. PPDL synthesized at 90°C presents lower molecular weight and crystallinity than the one prepared at 70°C. It was detected by FTIR that PPDL synthesized at 90°C presents a large amorphous phase with more terminal OH groups. A difference in the melting and crystallization behavior was detected by differential scanning calorimetry, DSC, where the melting of the PPDL synthesized at 90°C presents multiple melting and crystallization events at lower temperature than those exhibit by PPDL synthesized at 70°C which presents a well defined single melting and crystallization event. The differences in melting behavior are attributed to the presence of a larger amorphous phase in PPDL synthesized at 90°C due to increased number of terminal OH groups that disrupt the crystalline structure. Thermal stability is also higher in PPDL synthesized at 70°C since the onset of decomposition starts 50°C above that observed in PPDL obtained at 70°C.
Synthesis and Characterization of Regioregular Poly(3-hexylthiophene) applied in a Dual Electrochromic Device
Authors: Medrano-Solís Alma B. , Nicho-Díaz María E. , Hu Hailin 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTThe polyaniline (PANI) and regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HTr) are polymers synthesized easily, can be deposited as a film by various techniques, are materials that exhibit a variety of colors to go through oxidation processes and reduction by applying an external potential, both polymers have an immediate response rate of color. The electrochemical behavior of the PANI and P3HTr is complementary, that is, if a positive potential to the device is applied, the PANI film is oxidized while the P3HTr film is reduced, on the other hand, if a negative potential is applied, the PANI film is reduced while the P3HTr film is oxidized. Both films in its redox process are clarified and obscured at the same time, this color change provides a significant difference in optical transmittance on a dual electrochromic device (DED's).In this research, regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) was synthesized and characterized, films were deposited by spin-coating and dip-coating techniques. Polyaniline films were deposited by chemical bath and spin-coating techniques. Dual electrochromic devices based on P3HTr and PANI were prepared. The devices were studied by UV-vis spectroscopy at three different voltages: 1.4 V, 0 V and -1.4 V, optical kinetic tests were also performed at 550 nm applying a positive potential (1.4 V) and negative (-1.4 V). The results indicated the wavelength where both (PANI and P3HT) reach the greatest difference in transmittance. The influence of deposit type of polymer films on electrochromic response was determined.
Fabrication of p-i-n solar cells utilizing ZnInON by RF magnetron sputtering
Authors: Matsushima Koichi , Shimizu Ryota , Ide Tomoaki , Yamashita Daisuke , Seo Hyunwoong , Koga Kazunori , Shiratani Masaharu , Itagaki Naho 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTWe succeeded in photovoltaic power generation of p-i-n solar cells utilizing epitaxial ZnInON film with a wide band gap of 3.1 eV as the intrinsic layer, suitable for a top cell of tandem solar cells. The solar cell shows a high open circuit voltage (Voc) of 1.68 V under solar simulator light irradiation of 3.2 mW/cm2. The solar cell performance becomes worse under 100 mW/cm2, which is mainly attributed to the leakage current caused by crystal defects and grain boundaries. X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that the ZnInON film has rather large tilt and twist angles and a high dislocation density of 7.62×1010 cm-2. Such low crystallinity is a bottleneck for high performance of the solar cells. Our results demonstrate a potential of epitaxial ZnInON films as an intrinsic layer of wide band gap p-i-n solar cells with a high Voc.
CNT fibres - yarns between the extremes
Authors: Gspann Thurid S. , Montinaro Nicola , Windle Alan H. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe carbon nanotube community swims in the sea of superlatives. Researchers expect mechanical performance to achieve two extremes, an ultrastrong fibre taking us into space, and a superlubricant saving energy otherwise lost as heat. We examine CNT fibres in the light of traditional yarn science and present an interpretation of properties which combines aspects of these two extremes of performance.
Dynamic photo-induced force microscopy
Authors: Jahng Junghoon , Potma Eric O. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTWe provide a general description of the operating principle of the photo-induced force microscope (PiFM), which probes the optically induced changes in the dipolar interactions between a sharp polarizable tip and the sample, in terms of classical fields and forces. We rigorously calculate the photo-induced force behavior and compare the predicted profile with experimental results obtained from a gold nanowire.
Where Do Our Students Encounter Materials: Everywhere and Rarely
Authors: Zimmerman George O. , Zimmerman Isa Kaftal 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTIn our increasingly digitized and safety conscious society, we tend to shield our children form real contact with the material world and tend to steer them increasingly to only virtual experiences. Appliances are not repaired but replaced. So are materials used in everyday life. As a consequence, we cannot assume experiences with materials which were a given in the past. In this article, we will concentrate on both K-12 and Undergraduate education with examples of the necessity of consciously encountering “materials” in our increasingly digital society, and how students can be taught to realize the properties and necessity of consciously encountering materials. We will draw our examples from the lack of that experience students bring to undergraduate research, and how that deficiency can be remedied.
Wide Band Gap Quantum Dots Sensitized α-Fe2O3 Thin Film for Solar Generation of Hydrogen
Authors: Ikram Ashi , Sahai Sonal , Rai Snigdha , Dass Sahab , Shrivastav Rohit , Satsangi Vibha R. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTPresent study investigates the system of small and large band gap materials for their use in Photoelectrochemical splitting of water. Electrodeposited Zr doped hematite (α-Fe2O3) films were subjected to ZnO quantum dots sensitization for 24, 48, and 72 hours which later on characterized for optical, structural, morphological and photoelectrochemical properties. These sensitized films, when used as photoelectrode in PEC cell, showed a significant increase in the photocurrent density as compared to unsensitized films. This may be attributed to reduction in carrier recombination rate along with photocatalytic effect of ZnO. The enhanced photo response has also been supported by increased negative value of flat band potential from -0.29V/SCE for unsensitized film to -0.8V/SCE for ZnO QDs sensitized hematite film, as examined by Mott-Schottky curve. In the present system, small band gap hematite has been chosen as a main solar energy absorber, while wide band gap ZnO QDs decorated over it, as an efficient electron transport across the interface by reducing charge carrier recombination rate.
EFFICACY OF TREATMENT WITH PEGYLATED INTERFERON AND RIBAVIRIN IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HCV INFECTION “UNDER REAL LIFE“ CONDITIONS
Authors: Speičienė Danutė , Kotovienė Lina , Mickevičius Artautas , Liakina Valentina , Valantinas Jonas 
Published: March 2015

Objective. To investigate the outcomes of combined therapy of hepatitis C (HCV) patients with peginterferon and ribavirin in ”real life” practice, to compare them with data obtained in randomized clinical trials (RCT) and to evaluate possible predictors of sustained virological response (SVR). Material and methods. The retrospective study of HCV patients routinely examined and treated in the Vilnius University Hospital Santariskiu Klinikos (2003−2009 yrs) was carried out. They had undergone the treatment with combination of peginterferon alfa and ribavirin according to the Lithuanian guide. Overall 203 patients were enrolled. SVR was evaluated in 179 patients. Results. The overall rate of SVR was 43 %: in 51,3 % of naives (genotype 1 − 38,8 %, genotype 2 – 100 %, genotype 3 − 82,6 % cases) and in 28,1 % of experienced patients (genotype 1 – 17 %, and genotype 3 – 64,3 % cases). Significant relations of SVR and HCV genotype was observed: 68,9 % having genotype1 were non-responders, whereas 80 % and 75,7 % ones with genotype 2 and 3 achieved SVR (p 0.005 and p = 0.01, respectively). The inverse relation with the age (p 0.01), degree of fibrosis (p = 0.039) and previous unsuccessful treatment was confirmed by multivariate analysis. Conclusions. Data of SVR obtained „on real life“ conditions are non unambiguous: SVR of naive and experienced patients overall and those with genotype 1 were similar or slightly lower, while for patients with genotype 3 significantly higher than results presented in clinical trials. Genotype 1, previous unsuccessful antiviral treatment, older age, and advanced fibrosis were strongest negative predictors for SVR.
Evaluation of a Three-Dimensional Stereophotogrammetric Method to Identify and Measure the Palatal Surface Area in Children with Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: De Menezes Marcio , Cerón-Zapata Ana Maria , López-Palacio Ana Maria , Mapelli Andrea , Pisoni Luca , Sforza Chiarella 
Published: March 2015

Objective To assess a three-dimensional (3D) stereophotogrammetric method for area delimitation and evaluation of the dental arches of children with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). Obtained data were also used to assess the 3D changes occurring in the maxillary arch with the use of orthopedic therapy prior to rhinocheiloplasty and before the first year of life. Design Within the collaboration between the Università degli Studi di Milano (Italy) and the University CES of Medellin (Colombia), 96 palatal cast models obtained from neonatal patients with UCLP were analyzed using a 3D stereophotogrammetric imaging system. Main Outcome Measures The area of the minor and greater cleft segments on the digital dental cast surface were delineated by the visualization tool of the stereophotogrammetric software and then examined. “Trueness” of the measurements, as well as systematic and random errors between operators' tracings (“precision”) were calculated. Results The method gave area measurements close to true values (errors lower than 2%), without systematic measurement errors for tracings by both interoperators and intraoperators ( P > .05). Statistically significant differences ( P < .05) were noted for alveolar segment and time. Conclusions Maxillary segments have the potential for growth during presurgical orthopedic treatment in the early neonatal period. The cleft segment delimitation on digital dental casts and area measurements by the 3D stereophotogrammetric system revealed an accurate (true and precise) method for evaluating the stone casts of newborn patients with UCLP.
A Phase IIb Trial Assessing the Addition of Disulfiram to Chemotherapy for the Treatment of Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Nechushtan Hovav , Hamamreh Yousef , Nidal Salim , Gotfried Maya , Baron Amichai , Shalev Yossi Israeli , Nisman Benjjamin , Peretz Tamar , Peylan-Ramu Nili 
Published: March 2015

Abstract

Author Summary

Background.
Disulfiram, an alcohol aversion agent, has been in use for &gt;50 years. Numerous authors have reported an anticancer effect of this drug in vitro and in mouse models. More recently, several reports have claimed that disulfiram also possesses anti-stem cell activity. We set out to obtain initial data regarding the safety of combining this drug with chemotherapy and the possible effectiveness of disulfiram in a combination regimen in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods.
This phase II, multicenter, randomized, double-blinded study assessed the safety and efficacy of adding of disulfiram to cisplatin and vinorelbine for six cycles. Newly diagnosed NSCLC patients were recruited. Patients with either stage IV or what was considered at the time “wet IIIb” (since 2009, these patients have been considered stage IV) were recruited. The patients were treated with only chemotherapy, and none were treated with either surgery or chemoradiation. Disulfiram was administered at a dose of 40 mg three times daily.

Results.
Forty patients were treated for more than two cycles, half with and half without disulfiram, which was well tolerated. An increase in survival was noted for the experimental group (10 vs. 7.1 months). Interestingly, there were only two long-term survivors, both in the disulfiram group.

Conclusion.
The addition of disulfiram to a combination regimen of cisplatin and vinorelbine was well tolerated and appeared to prolong survival in patients with newly diagnosed non-small cell lung cancer. The results from this small study seem encouraging enough for assessment in larger trials. Disulfiram is an inexpensive and safe drug; if its addition to chemotherapy could be shown to prolong survival, an effective regimen could be established and used widely, even in resource-poor countries.
RISK PREVENTION AS A CONDITION OF A COMPANY STABLE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Kryukova O. G. 
Published: March 2015

Developing risk management of an enterprise current activities is a vital task for they in particular shape the conditions for the company functioning and stability as well as the opportunities for further growth. A company stability risk can be considered as a resumptive risk that accumulates individual risks in separate functional lines of the current activities as a probability of the company crisis. Goals, tasks and development stages of a company risk management are being rationalized.
Integrated Approach for Facies Identification and Saturation Height Modelling (Case Study from a Middle Indus Stratigraphic Field)
Authors: Hassan Azaz , Ahmed Faizan , Atiq Mustafa , Arif Fahad , Rehman Attique-Ur , Abbasi Iftikhar , Bregar Udo 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Most studies on reservoir characterization and evaluation have concentrated on identification of depositional facies based on the assumption that depositional characteristics and diagenetic features control the petrophysical properties. In sandstone reservoirs, this assumption is usually valid but may be applicable only locally. In this case study, there were discrepancies in the depositional facies at various well locations with their porosity and permeability ranges overlapping each other and therefore hydraulic rock typing approach was adopted in the area of interest.
Facies identification plays a key role in permeability and saturation height modelling, and therefore has the basis in the physics of flow at the pore network scale. This basis is best achieved by seeking functional relationships between core derived pore throat parameters and macroscopic petrophysical attributes such as porosity and permeability when rocks of similar fluid conductivity are identified and grouped together. Each such grouping is referred to as a Hydraulic Flow Unit (HFU).
HFU methodologies were used on the data set such as Winland R35 and Pittman (1992), and discovered that the effective pore system that dominates flow through the pore system of interest corresponds to a pore throat size at which the mercury saturation is 45%. Using Pittman R45 equation, 4 sets of facies were identified on the poro-perm plot. The klinkenberg and net over burden corrections were applied on porosities and permeabilities before performing the analysis.
The appropriateness of facies classification was determined with comparison of permeability and saturation prediction with core permeabilities and log saturations respectively. Saturation height methods such as Leverett J Function, Brooks Corey, Thomeer and Lamda were investigated for the gas wells under study, which had complete data sets including conventional core, SCAL and a comprehensive suite of electric logs.
This paper demonstrates the effectiveness of HFU methodology for the field case under study. It also highlights the aptness of facies identification for the subject field using different saturation height methods, discussing their pros/cons in course.
Diagnostic Approach to Control and Minimize Wireline Formation Tester (WFT) Sticking Problem
Authors: Ahmed Qazi I. , Tayyab Imran , Uddin M. Farooq , Ibad-ur-Rehman M. , Ansari M. Aleem , Zurita Rafael Aguilar , Khalid Arsalan 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Wireline Formation Testers (WFT) sticking in the wellbore leads to increased rig-time, operational complexity and may require sidetracking. Therefore understanding the controlling parameters of sticking is crucial to minimize risks.
The objective of this study is to investigate several field examples to identify correlation of sticking probability with mud properties, wellbore parameters and WFT operational variables. The scope of this work includes comparative evaluation of different controlling parameters, their relative sensitivity to sticking probability and their influence on that specific case. Data used for this comparative analysis included; well depth, deviation, overbalance; formation type, temperature, pressure; mud weight, funnel viscosity, Fann viscometer readings, gel content etc. Graphical analysis was performed for 26 jobs by plotting all these parameters and common trends were identified. Results demonstrated that sticking is not characteristic to one specific parameter, instead it follows a complex behavior. However detailed analysis revealed that critical mud properties, such as solid loading and subsequently increased overbalance, have a larger control over operational success of WFT jobs.
This study proposes that proper monitoring of mud parameters, especially solid content in mud is of vital importance for success of WFT jobs. The methodology undertaken can be extended to other areas to develop specific cut off limits and flag an increased potential of sticking. This technique can be used as a proactive approach towards identifying and mitigating risks before deploying WFT in the well.
Reentry Wells: A New Life to Aging Fields
Authors: Hussain Sajjad , Huelvan Yvon , Ismail Azah , Walker Daryl , Blackburn Jason 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Over the last decade, new technologies and economic strategies have enabled operators to give new life to mature fields and old platforms. Production and economic optimization are main goals of reentry campaigns. With time, the industry has seen growing opportunities for reentry wells as mature fields and platforms are becoming older and less productive.
Fully utilizing reentry technological capabilities and achieving successful operations require effective well planning and execution. Cutting and pulling of old completions and casings, wellbore cleanouts, plug and abandonment operations, section milling, mud systems, well integrity, cased-hole and open hole sidetracks, whip stocks, cutting/swarf handling, surveying tools, well collisions, and existing rig capabilities on platforms are the major challenges to the growth of reentry business. However, development of rotary steerable systems, logging while drilling, modern surveying tools, and under-reaming technologies have given impetus to the reentry well drilling market.
From the concept phase of plug and abandonment to well delivery and production, seamless planning and communication is required among all the stakeholders. Modern surveying tools such as continuous north-seeking gyros and gyro while drilling have revolutionized the surveying industry in high magnetic interference environments, giving ease to planning sidetracks and accurate wellbore positioning in high well-density environments. Drilling close to the motherbores is becoming a common and attractive way of exploiting the reserves as no detailed logging and characterization is required. This has resulted in complexities of directional drilling and well collision risks. Risk of well collisions with producing wells is one of the biggest challenge in reentry wells.