bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HIV infection and ART use are associated with altered plasma clot characteristics in Black South Africans
Authors: Bakali Shams , de Lange-Loots Zelda , Jordaan Anine , Pieters Marlien 
Published: June 2024

Background
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and antiretroviral treatment (ART) are both associated with hypercoagulability. Altered clot properties could be a potential mechanism thereof. We aimed to investigate the association of HIV and ART, with fibrinogen and plasma clot properties in a group of Black South Africans.

Methods
At baseline, 151 newly diagnosed people living with HIV (PLWH) and 176 controls were recruited. Some PLWH subsequently commenced with ARTs (n = 70) while others remained ART-naïve (n = 81). Fibrinogen and clot properties (turbidity assay) were investigated from baseline to 5-year follow-up. A sub-group of 21 women (n = 10 ART-treated; n = 11 ART-naïve) with HIV was systematically selected and matched with 12 controls, and additional clot properties (rheometry, permeability and fibre diameter) were investigated.

Results
Fibrinogen was lower in the HIV groups compared to the controls, while % γ‘ fibrinogen was higher. PLWH had shorter lag times and lower maximum absorbance than the controls (p<0.05). Their CLTs on the other hand were longer. Most variables increased over time in all groups, but differences in the degree of change over time was observed for lag time (p = 0.024) and permeability (p = 0.03). Participants who commenced with ART had a tendency of delayed clot formation (p = 0.08) and increased clot permeability (p = 0.005).

Conclusion
PLWH had lower total fibrinogen concentration and formed less dense clots. They also formed clots that were more difficult to lyse, which likely not resulted from altered clot properties. ART use (NNRTI’s) had a moderately protective effect, delaying clot formation, and increasing clot permeability.
The association between cystic fibrosis-related diabetes and periodontitis in adults: A pilot cross-sectional study
Authors: Alkhateeb Alaa A. , Mancl Lloyd A. , Ramos Kathleen J. , Rothen Marilynn L. , Kotsakis Georgios A. , Trence Dace L. , Chi Donald L. 
Published: June 2024

Objectives
Periodontitis is a highly prevalent complication of diabetes. However, the association between cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD) and periodontitis has not yet been evaluated. The objective of this study was to assess if: 1) CFRD is associated with periodontitis among adults with CF, and 2) periodontitis prevalence differs by CF and diabetes status.

Methods
This was a pilot cross-sectional study of the association between CFRD and periodontitis in adults with cystic fibrosis (CF) (N = 32). Historical non-CF controls (N = 57) from the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) dataset were frequency matched to participants with CF on age, sex, diabetes status, and insulin use. We defined periodontitis using the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Academy of Periodontology (CDC/AAP) case definition, as the presence of two or more interproximal sites with CAL ≥3 mm and two or more interproximal sites with PD ≥4 mm (not on the same tooth) or one site with PD ≥5 mm. Because NHANES periodontal data were only available for adults ages ≥30 years, our analysis that included non-CF controls focused on this age group (CF N = 19, non-CF N = 57). Based on CF and diabetes status, we formed four groups: CFRD, CF and no diabetes, non-CF with diabetes, and non-CF and no diabetes (healthy). We used the Fisher’s exact test for hypotheses testing.

Results
There was no association between CFRD and periodontitis for participants with CF ages 22–63 years (CFRD 67% vs. CF no diabetes 53%, P = 0.49), this was also true for those ages ≥30 years (CFRD 78% vs. CF no diabetes 60%, P = 0.63). For the two CF groups, the prevalence of periodontitis was significantly higher than for healthy controls (CFRD 78% vs. healthy 7%, P<0.001; CF no diabetes 60% vs. healthy 7%, P = 0.001) and not significantly different than the prevalence for non-CF controls with diabetes (CFRD 78% vs. non-CF with diabetes 56%, P = 0.43; CF no diabetes 60% vs. non-CF with diabetes 56%, P = 0.99).

Conclusion
Among participants with CF, CFRD was not associated with periodontitis. However, regardless of diabetes status, participants with CF had increased prevalence of periodontitis compared to healthy controls.
Képzés és programszervezés – az Európa-naphoz kapcsolódó kulturális projekt a szegedi Közösségszervezés BA szakon
Authors: Újvári Edit 
Published: June 2024

A Közösségszervezés BA szak gyakorlatorientált képzési programjában nagy hangsúlyt helyezünk azoknak a kompetenciáknak a fejlesztésére, amelyek erősítik a hallgatók csoportmunkában való együttműködési készségét, a kreativitásukat, a kommunikációs képességeit. Több olyan programra is sor kerül a képzés során, amelyek révén a szervezési feladatok megoldásában is jártasságra tesznek szert a hallgatók. Ehhez az oktatási célhoz a projektmódszer megfelelő eszköz, amellyel a május 9-i Európa-nap szervezése és lebonyolítása a feladat, a képzés első évfolyamában. Ez a feladat kapcsolódik az Európa-tanulmányok tantárgy révén az elméleti tanulmányaikhoz, valamint a Szakmai gyakorlat 1. kurzushoz is. A tanulmány ennek a kulturális projektnek a bemutatását és elemzését célozza, összevetve a projektmódszer elméleti szakirodalmának megállapításaival. A korábban megvalósított Európa-nap szervezőivel készített interjúkkal a hallgatói tapasztalatokra kívánok rávilágítani. Ez a hallgatók aktivitására építő kulturális projekt a szegedi Közösségszervezés BA képzés egyik innovatív elemének tekinthető.
No Effect of Methylnaltrexone on Acute Pancreatitis Severity: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Knoph Cecilie Siggaard , Cook Mathias Ellgaard , Novovic Srdan , Hansen Mark Berner , Mortensen Michael Bau , Nielsen Liv Bjerre Juul , Høgsberg Irene Maria , Salomon Celina , Neergaard Celine Emilie Lindqvist , Aajwad Aseel Jabbar , Pandanaboyana Sanjay , Sørensen Lone Schmidt , Thorlacius-Ussing Ole , Frøkjær Jens Brøndum , Olesen Søren Schou , Drewes Asbjørn Mohr 
Published: June 2024

INTRODUCTION:
Opioids used to manage severe pain in acute pancreatitis (AP) might exacerbate the disease through effects on gastrointestinal and immune functions. Methylnaltrexone, a peripherally acting µ-opioid receptor antagonist, may counteract these effects without changing analgesia.

METHODS:
This double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial included adult patients with AP and systemic inflammatory response syndrome at 4 Danish centers. Patients were randomized to receive 5 days of continuous intravenous methylnaltrexone (0.15 mg/kg/d) or placebo added to the standard of care. The primary end point was the Pancreatitis Activity Scoring System score after 48 hours of treatment. Main secondary outcomes included pain scores, opioid use, disease severity, and mortality.

RESULTS:
In total, 105 patients (54% men) were randomized to methylnaltrexone (n = 51) or placebo (n = 54). After 48 hours, the Pancreatitis Activity Scoring System score was 134.3 points in the methylnaltrexone group and 130.5 points in the placebo group (difference 3.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] −40.1 to 47.6; P = 0.87). At 48 hours, we found no differences between the groups in pain severity (0.0, 95% CI −0.8 to 0.9; P = 0.94), pain interference (−0.3, 95% CI −1.4 to 0.8; P = 0.55), and morphine equivalent doses (6.5 mg, 95% CI −2.1 to 15.2; P = 0.14). Methylnaltrexone also did not affect the risk of severe disease (8%, 95% CI −11 to 28; P = 0.38) and mortality (6%, 95% CI −1 to 12; P = 0.11). The medication was well tolerated.

DISCUSSION:
Methylnaltrexone treatment did not achieve superiority over placebo for reducing the severity of AP.
Early Diagnostic Paracentesis Improves Outcomes of Hospitalized Patients With Cirrhosis and Ascites: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Beran Azizullah , Mohamed Mouhand F.H. , Vargas Alejandra , Aboursheid Tarek , Aziz Muhammad , Hernaez Ruben , Patidar Kavish R. , Nephew Lauren D. , Desai Archita P. , Orman Eric , Chalasani Naga , Ghabril Marwan S. 
Published: June 2024

INTRODUCTION:
Diagnostic paracentesis is recommended for patients with cirrhosis admitted to the hospital, but adherence is suboptimal with unclear impact on clinical outcomes. The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the outcomes of early vs delayed diagnostic paracentesis among hospitalized patients with cirrhosis and ascites.

METHODS:
We searched multiple databases for studies comparing early vs delayed diagnostic paracentesis among hospitalized patients with cirrhosis and ascites. The pooled odds ratio (OR) and mean difference with confidence intervals (CIs) for proportional and continuous variables were calculated using the random-effects model. Early diagnostic paracentesis was defined as receiving diagnostic paracentesis within 12–24 hours of admission. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes were length of hospital stay, acute kidney injury, and 30-day readmission.

RESULTS:
Seven studies (n = 78,744) (n = 45,533 early vs n = 33,211 delayed diagnostic paracentesis) were included. Early diagnostic paracentesis was associated with lower in-hospital mortality (OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.46–0.82, P = 0.001), length of hospital stay (mean difference −4.85 days; 95% CI −6.45 to −3.20; P < 0.001), and acute kidney injury (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.42–0.92, P = 0.02) compared with delayed diagnostic paracentesis, with similar 30-day readmission (OR 1.11, 95% CI 0.52–2.39, P = 0.79). Subgroup analysis revealed consistent results for in-hospital mortality whether early diagnostic paracentesis performed within 12 hours (OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.32–0.79, P = 0.003, I
2 = 0%) or within 24 hours of admission (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.45–0.98, P = 0.04, I
2 = 82%). Notably, the mortality OR was numerically lower when diagnostic paracentesis was performed within 12 hours, and the results were precise and homogenous (I
2 = 0%).

DISCUSSION:
Findings from this meta-analysis suggest that early diagnostic paracentesis is associated with better patient outcomes. Early diagnostic paracentesis within 12 hours of admission may be associated with the greatest mortality benefit. Data from large-scale randomized trials are needed to validate our findings, especially if there is a greater mortality benefit for early diagnostic paracentesis within 12 hours.
The Significance of Preservation of Memories in Yasunari Kawabata’s God’s Bones
Authors: Wijaya Kusuma , Pangestu Imelza Novia Rakhmadani , Wulandari Siti , Hariyono Hariyono , Pasopati Rommel Utungga 
Published: June 2024

This paper investigates the matters of preservations of memories in Yasunari Kawabata’s God Bones. This flash fiction tells about a girl who has never married but already has a baby in her womb. That condition reminds her and her surroundings about the history of the past, especially when she gives the ashes of the baby's bones to many men. Through qualitative method, this study explains about a person's memory that has happened and will continue to overshadow her. In analysis, memories are not merely collections of events or repositories of knowledge, those are also identities that shape further decision making processes. In conclusion, this story shows how memories link past with present and future. Those are the results of circulation of signs, regarding various concepts and contexts of the past.
Geometry of generators of triangular norms and copulas
Authors: Houšková Kamila , Navara Mirko 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We study the relations between the shapes of strict triangular norms and their generators. The generators are not unique; to avoid this ambiguity, we introduce the class of balanced generators. We find conditions for their existence and a procedure of their computation. We formulate their influence on local properties of the corresponding triangular norms, in particular at the extremes of their domain. Many strict triangular norms are also copulas; thus, our results can also be applied to bivariate extreme value distributions described by some families of copulas.
Design, synthesis, characterization, and adsorption capacities of novel superabsorbent polymers derived from poly (potato starch xanthate-graft-acrylamide)
Authors: Yang Yongqi , Liu Yongxin , Zhang Sisi , Cheng Zhu , Yan Youjun , Liu Jun , Lian Meng , Liu Fangfang 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Novel superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) were synthesized by performing aqueous solution graft copolymerization of potato starch xanthate and partially hydrolyzed acrylamide using N,N′-methylene-bis-acrylamide as a crosslinker and potassium persulfate as an oxidant at 35–45°C. Various factors that influence the water absorption of SAPs were studied in detail, and the optimum formulation ratio was determined via orthogonal experiments. Several spectroscopic techniques, including scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and transmission electron microscopy, were used to determine the structure of the SAPs. In addition, adsorption experiments were carried out with various heavy metal ions, including divalent copper ions, zinc ions, nickel ions, cobalt ions, cadmium ions, and lead ions. Experiments showed that the prepared SAP has a high adsorption performance (>48 mg·g−1). Thus, these materials are expected to have important applications in the removal of heavy metal ions and the separation of dyes in aquatic environments.
Design of high gain miniaturized WPT rectenna for implantable biomedical applications
Authors: Jampa Rajendra , Sharma Dinesh 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Implantable medical devices (IMDs) have become indispensable for treating various health disorders and monitoring individual well-being as a result of significant technical breakthroughs in the field of biomedical technology. This article describes a wireless powering technique at 2.45 GHz for low power devices such as IMDs. The design incorporates a rectangular patch antenna that exhibits peak gain of 2.1 dB and impedance bandwidth of 620 MHz with compact size of 71.4 mm3. The antenna is simulated within a three-layer phantom model replicating the human body to evaluate its performance, which produces −21.4 dB peak gain and 600 MHz–10 dB impedance bandwidth. A full wave rectifier aided by matching network is used to accomplish optimal conversion of RF signal to DC power. The constructed prototype is tested in a saline solution, and the measured results closely match the simulation results. Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) is calculated using a phantom model and a head model for assessing patient safety and biocompatibility. The proposed antenna has SAR values of 5.12 W/kg and 3.13 W/kg are exhibited by proposed antenna inside three layer phantom model and human head model.
Interactive identification of individuals with positive treatment effect while controlling false discoveries
Authors: Duan Boyan , Wasserman Larry , Ramdas Aaditya 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Out of the participants in a randomized experiment with anticipated heterogeneous treatment effects, is it possible to identify which subjects have a positive treatment effect? While subgroup analysis has received attention, claims about individual participants are much more challenging. We frame the problem in terms of multiple hypothesis testing: each individual has a null hypothesis (stating that the potential outcomes are equal, for example), and we aim to identify those for whom the null is false (the treatment potential outcome stochastically dominates the control one, for example). We develop a novel algorithm that identifies such a subset, with nonasymptotic control of the false discovery rate (FDR). Our algorithm allows for interaction – a human data scientist (or a computer program) may adaptively guide the algorithm in a data-dependent manner to gain power. We show how to extend the methods to observational settings and achieve a type of doubly robust FDR control. We also propose several extensions: (a) relaxing the null to nonpositive effects, (b) moving from unpaired to paired samples, and (c) subgroup identification. We demonstrate via numerical experiments and theoretical analysis that the proposed method has valid FDR control in finite samples and reasonably high identification power.
CCLCap-AE-AVSS: Cycle consistency loss based capsule autoencoders for audio–visual speech synthesis
Authors: Ghosh Subhayu , Jana Nanda Dulal , Si Tapas , Mallik Saurav , Shah Mohd Asif 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAudio–visual speech synthesis (AVSS) is a rapidly growing field in the paradigm of audio–visual learning, involving the conversion of one person’s speech into the audio–visual stream of another while preserving the speech content. AVSS comprises two primary components: voice conversion (VC), which alters the vocal characteristics from the source speaker to the target speaker, followed by audio–visual synthesis, which creates the audio–visual presentation of the converted VC output for the target speaker. Despite the progress in deep learning (DL) technologies, DL models in AVSS have received limited attention in existing literature. Therefore, this article presents a novel approach for AVSS utilizing capsule network (Caps-Net)-based autoencoders, with the incorporation of cycle consistency loss. Caps-Net addresses translation invariance issues in convolutional neural network approaches for effective feature capture. Additionally, the inclusion of cycle consistency loss ensures the retention of content information from the source speaker. The proposed approach is referred to as cycle consistency loss-based capsule autoencoders for audio–visual speech synthesis (CCLCap-AE-AVSS). The proposed CCLCap-AE-AVSS is trained and tested using VoxCeleb2 and LRS3-TED datasets. The subjective and objective assessments of the generated samples demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed work compared to the current state-of-the-art models.
Association of prenatal substance exposure and the development of the amygdala, hippocampus, and parahippocampus
Authors: Hartwell Micah , Bloom Molly , Elenwo Covenant , Gooch Trey , Dunn Kelly , Breslin Florence , Croff Julie M. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Context
Prenatal substance exposure (PSE) can lead to various harmful outcomes for the developing fetus and is linked to many emotional, behavioral, and cognitive difficulties later in life. Therefore, examination of the relationship between the development of associated brain structures and PSE is important for the development of more specific or new preventative methods.

Objectives
Our study’s primary objective was to examine the relationship between the physical development of the amygdala, hippocampus, and parahippocampus following prenatal alcohol, tobacco, and prescription opioid exposure.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study, a longitudinal neuroimaging study that measures brain morphometry from childhood throughout adolescence. Data were collected from approximately 12,000 children (ages 9 and 10) and parents across 22 sites within the United States. Prenatal opioid, tobacco, and alcohol use was determined through parent self-report of use during pregnancy. We extracted variables assessing the volumetric size (mm3) of the amygdala, hippocampus, and parahippocampal gyrus as well as brain volume, poverty level, age, sex, and race/ethnicity for controls within our adjusted models. We reported sociodemographic characteristics of the sample overall and by children who had PSE. We calculated and reported the means of each of the specific brain regions by substance exposure. Finally, we constructed multivariable regression models to measure the associations between different PSE and the demographic characteristics, total brain volume, and volume of each brain structure.

Results
Among the total sample, 24.6% had prenatal alcohol exposure, 13.6% had prenatal tobacco exposure, and 1.2% had prenatal opioid exposure. On average, those with prenatal tobacco exposure were found to have a statistically significant smaller parahippocampus.

Conclusions
We found a significant association between prenatal tobacco exposure and smaller parahippocampal volume, which may have profound impacts on the livelihood of individuals including motor delays, poor cognitive and behavioral outcomes, and long-term health consequences. Given the cumulative neurodevelopmental effects associated with PSE, we recommend that healthcare providers increase screening rates, detection, and referrals for cessation. Additionally, we recommend that medical associations lobby policymakers to address upstream barriers to the effective identification of at-risk pregnant individuals, specifically, eliminating or significantly reducing punitive legal consequences stemming from state laws concerning prenatal substance use.
Biochemical characterization of trypsin from Indonesian skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) viscera
Authors: Dali Faiza A. , Nurjanah Nurjanah , Lioe Hanifah N. , Suhartono Maggy T. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Trypsin production from skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) viscera is one significant way to increase the value of fish’s industrial waste. The present work reports the biochemical properties of trypsin from skipjack tuna viscera. The trypsin was fractionated using 0–60% ammonium sulfate and dialyzed. The enzyme was characterized to find the optimum temperature and pH for the substrate N-α-benzoyl-dl-arginine-p-nitroanilide. The 40–50% ammonium sulfate fractionation showed the highest activity at a specific activity of 1.66 U/mg and yield of 69.91%. Specific activity increased after dialysis to 2.17 U/mg with 4.49 times purity and yield of 39.20%. The molecular weights of the enzymes were estimated as 25, 29, and 35 kDa based on the enzyme activity separated by electrophoresis. The enzyme worked optimally at a temperature and pH of 50–60°C and 8.0, respectively. Metal ions (Ca2+, K+, Na+, Mg2+) at a concentration of 20 mM showed no influence on the activity. Enzyme activity was inhibited by Zn2+ at 20 mM, phenyl methyl sulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), benzamidine, and soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI), which confirmed the characteristics of a serine protease.
Abundant exact traveling wave solutions and modulation instability analysis to the generalized Hirota–Satsuma–Ito equation
Authors: Yang Qiaoling , Manafian Jalil , Mahmoud Khaled H. , Aldurayhim Abdullah 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In this work, the exact solutions of the (2+1)-dimensional generalized Hirota–Satsuma–Ito equation are reported by adopting the He’s variational direct technique (HVDT). The analytic findings of solutions were obtained by semi-inverse scheme, and six form of supposed studies reveal that the solutions belong to soliton groups. The modulation instability is considered. The

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(

ξ

)

)

\tan \left(\Pi \left(\xi ))

scheme on the suggested model is employed to study new rational solutions. The investigated properties of solutions were determined by graphic studies, which shows significantly values of the parameters and susceptibility of abundant solutions. The obtained results in this work are expected to open new perspectives for the traveling wave theory. For the aforementioned wave solutions, we graphically describe their dynamical properties. It is worth mentioning that our results not only enable us to understand the dynamic properties of such equations more intuitively but also provide some ideas for researchers to facilitate more in depth exploration. It is important to mention that our proposed method is highly effective, consistent, and impacting and can be utilized to solve different physical models.