bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does Clubfoot Treatment Need to Begin As Soon As Possible?
Authors: Zionts Lewis E. , Sangiorgio Sophia N. , Cooper Shannon D. , Ebramzadeh Edward 
Published: May 2015

Introduction:
Parents of an infant with an idiopathic clubfoot deformity are often urged by their primary care physician to seek treatment as soon as possible. This advice frequently appears in many general pediatric and pediatric orthopaedic textbooks and monographs on the subject. This recommendation has not changed since the wide acceptance of the minimally invasive Ponseti method to treat clubfoot. We determined the correlations among patient-related variables, early treatment variables, and the age at which the patient was first seen to begin treatment.

Methods:
Infants with moderate to very severe idiopathic clubfoot deformity were invited to participate. Age at which the patient presented to begin treatment was correlated against early treatment-related variables, including number of casts required, cast slippage, cast-related skin problems, brace-related skin problems, early noncompliance with brace wearing, and relapse before 1 year. Patient-related variables were also correlated against age at first visit.

Results:
Over 7 years, 176 infants met the inclusion criteria. There were no significant differences in the aspects of the early management as a function of age at first visit, with the exception of cast slippage (P=0.05).

Conclusions:
The age at first visit influenced the incidence of cast slippage, but otherwise did not affect the early treatment of clubfoot.

Clinical Relevance:
The treatment of idiopathic clubfoot deformity should not be considered an orthopaedic emergency, and parents whose infants are born with this deformity should be counseled accordingly.
Comparison Between Buddy Taping With a Short-Arm Splint and Operative Treatment for Phalangeal Neck Fractures in Children
Authors: Park Kun Bo , Lee Kwang Jin , Kwak Yoon Hae 
Published: May 2015

Background:
Phalangeal neck fractures in children are difficult to treat conservatively because of the difficulty in maintaining reduction, obtaining satisfactory follow-up x-rays, and the limited remodeling potential. The purpose of this study was to present the results after using buddy taping with a short-arm splint for phalangeal neck fracture in children and to compare with operative treatment.

Methods:
Thirty-seven patients below 12 years old who had phalangeal neck fractures were included. Nineteen patients were underwent conservative treatment and 18 patients were underwent operative fixation with Kirschner wires. Clinical outcome and radiographs between groups were compared.

Results:
There were no significant differences between conservative group and operative group in the sagittal angulation, coronal angulation, and translation at immediately after reduction, at the 6-week, and final follow-up examination.

Conclusion:
Buddy taping with a short-arm splint for treating phalangeal neck fractures had acceptable outcomes compared to that with surgical correction.
“I Am Administering Medication—Please Do Not Interrupt Me”: Red Tabards Preventing Interruptions as Perceived by Surgical Patients
Authors: Palese Alvisa , Ferro Marcello , Pascolo Marika , Dante Angelo , Vecchiato Sara 
Published: May 2015

Introduction
The recent introduction of red tabards aimed at avoiding interruptions during medication rounds has generated scientific and media debate, which is still ongoing. The principal aim of this study was to evaluate patients' perceptions of 3 different red tabards; the secondary aim was to explore individual factors associated with the negative perceptions that emerged.

Methods
Eligible patients had to be admitted to the selected general surgical department and give written informed consent. A total of 104 patients were interviewed. Three real-sized red tabards, made with laminated paper and displaying different messages, were shown over 3 days to each patient involved.

Results
Despite displaying different messages, from asking everyone not to disturb to allowing only patients to interrupt, patients perceived the tabards as directed at themselves. A different risk of preventing patients from communicating urgent needs emerged. The first tabard I am administering medication—Please do not interrupt me was most at risk to inhibit the patient. A negative impact was reported by 44 patients (42.3%) for the first tabard, 50 (48.0%) for the second tabard, and 40 (38.4%) for the third. In the logistic regression, only 2 independent factors were significantly associated with the negative perception of the message reported on the tabards: a positive attitude to interrupting nurses and receiving medication during their time in hospital. However, the variance explained by these factors ranges from 9.4% to 18.3%.

Conclusions
On the basis of the findings that emerged, the adoption of the tabards should be evaluated considering the benefits already documented, and the potential negative effects that emerged on patients, which may be influenced by cultural and linguistic aspects. Wearing the tabard with the message reported on the back, directed to the staff and not the patients, may have less negative effects on patients; in addition, using a different color not to alarm the patients may be useful. In addition, comparing the red tabard effects with other strategies introduced to deal with avoidable interruptions (e.g., “no interruption zone”) to gain a comprehensive picture regarding benefits/harm is also important.
Updating Rule 15 of the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria
Authors: Tindall Brian J. 
Published: May 2015

The wording of Rule 15 as originally published in the 1975 and 1990 revisions of the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria with regard to the definition of

nomenclatural types
was not clearly expressed and was modified by the Judicial Commission in 2008. However, there is a difference between the wording as proposed and that accepted. On reflection there is justification for re-examining both the proposed and the accepted wording.
Numerical simulation of thermal properties at Cu/Al interfaces based on hybrid model
Authors: Tang Yunqing , Zhang Liqiang , Yang Haiying , Guo Juan , Liao Ningbo , Yang Ping 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate thermal properties at Cu/Al interfaces.

Design/methodology/approach
– A hybrid (molecular dynamics-interface stress element-finite element model (MD-ISE-FE) model is constructed to describe thermal behaviors at Cu/Al interfaces. The heat transfer simulation is performed after the non-ideal Cu/Al interface is constructed by diffusion bonding.

Findings
– The simulation shows that the interfacial thermal resistance is decreasing with the increase of bonding temperature; while the interfacial region thickness and interfacial thermal conductivity are increasing with similar trends when the bonding temperature is increasing. It indicates that the higher bonding temperature can improve thermal properties of the interface structure.

Originality/value
– The MD-ISE-FE model proposed in this paper is computationally efficient for interfacial heat transfer problems, and could be used in investigations of other interfacial behaviors of dissimilar materials. All these are helpful for the understanding of thermal properties of wire bonding interface structures. It implies that the MD-ISE-FE multiscale modeling approach would be a potential method for design and analysis of interfacial characteristics in micro/nano assembly.
Finite element analysis of frictionless contact problems using fuzzy control approach
Authors: Massa F , Do H , Cazier O , Tison T , Lallemand B 
Published: May 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to present a new way to solve numerically a mechanical frictionless contact problem within a context of multiple sampling, frequently used to design robust structures.Design/methodology/approach– This paper proposes to integrate a control-based approach, currently used in automation domain, for the solving of non-linear mechanical problem. More precisely, a fuzzy logic controller is designed to create a link between the normal gaps identified between the bodies and the normal contact pressures applied at the interface.Findings– With this new strategy, the initial non-linear problem can be decomposed into a set of reduced linear problems solved using the finite element method. A projection built from the modal bases of each component in contact is considered to reduce computational time. Moreover, the proposed numerical applications highlight an interesting compromise between computation time and precision of contact data.Research limitations/implications– Currently, the proposed Fuzzy Logic Controller for Contact method has been developed for a frictionless contact problem in the case of 2D numerical applications. Therefore, as obtained results are very interesting, it will be possible to expand on these works in a future works for more complex problems including friction, 3D model and transient dynamic responses by adding other controllers.Originality/value– In conclusion, this paper highlights the interest of studying a contact problem by considering automation approaches and defines the basis of future multidisciplinary works.
Geometrically nonlinear analysis of two-dimensional structures using an improved smoothed particle hydrodynamics method
Authors: Lin Jun , Naceur Hakim , Coutellier Daniel , Laksimi Abdel 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to present an efficient smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method particularly adapted for the geometrically nonlinear analysis of structures.

Design/methodology/approach
– In order to resolve the inconsistency phenomenon which systematically occurs in the standard SPH method at the domain’s boundaries of the studied structure, the classical kernel function and its spatial derivatives were modified by the use of Taylor series expansion. The well-known tensile instabilities inherent to the Eulerian SPH formulation were attenuated by the use of the Total Lagrangian Formulation (TLF).

Findings
– In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the present improved SPH method, several numerical applications involving geometrically nonlinear behaviors were carried out using the explicit dynamics scheme for the time integration of the PDEs. Comparisons of the obtained results using the present SPH model with analytical reference solutions and with those obtained using ABAQUS finite element (FE) commercial software, show its good accuracy and robustness.

Practical implications
– An additional application including a multilayered composite structure and involving buckling and delamination was investigated using the present improved SPH model and the results are compared to the FE results, they confirmed both the efficiency and the accuracy of the proposed method.

Originality/value
– An efficient 2D-continuum SPH model for the geometrically nonlinear analysis of thin and thick structures is proposed. Contrarily to the classical SPH approaches, here the constitutive material relations are used to link naturally the stresses and strains. The Total Lagrangian approach is investigated to alleviate the tensile instabilities problem, allowing at the same time to avoid the updating procedure of the neighboring particles search and therefore reducing CPU usage. The proposed approach is valid for isotropic and multilayered composites structures undergoing large transformations. CPU time savings and better results with the new 2D-continuum SPH formulation compared to the classical continuum SPH. The explicit dynamic scheme was used for time integration allowing a fast resolution algorithm even for highly nonlinear problems.
Development and validation of an incompressible Navier-Stokes solver including convective heat transfer
Authors: Stokos Konstantinos , Vrahliotis Socrates , Pappou Theodora , Tsangaris Sokrates 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to present a numerical method for the simulation of steady and unsteady incompressible laminar flows, including convective heat transfer.

Design/methodology/approach
– A node centered, finite volume discretization technique is applied on hybrid meshes. The developed solver, is based on the artificial compressibility approach.

Findings
– A sufficient number of representative test cases have been examined for the validation of this numerical solver. A wide range of the various dimensionless parameters were applied for different working fluids, in order to estimate the general applicability of our solver. The obtained results agree well with those published by other researchers. The strongly coupled solution of the governing equations showed superiority compared to the loosely coupled solution as inviscid effects increase.

Practical implications
– Convective heat transfer is dominant in a wide variety of practical engineering problems, such as cooling of electronic chips, design of heat exchangers and fire simulation and suspension in tunnels.

Originality/value
– A comparison between the strongly coupled solution and the loosely coupled solution of the Navier-Stokes and energy equations is presented. A robust upwind scheme based on Roe’s approximate Riemann solver is proposed.
The estimation of the length constant of a long cooling fin by variational iteration method
Authors: Zhang Yan , Chen Qiaoling , Liu Fujuan , Wang Ping 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to validate the variational iteration method (VIM) is suitable for various nonlinear equations.

Design/methodology/approach
– The He’s VIM is applied to solve nonlinear equation which is derived from actual engineering problem. The result was compared with other method.

Findings
– The result obtained from VIM shows good agreement with Xu’s result which provide a solid evidence that VIM is convenient and effective for solving nonlinear equation in the engineering.

Originality/value
– The VIM can be extended to many academic and engineering fields for nonlinear equations solving.
Improved method of determining friction factor in pipes
Authors: Winning Herbert Keith , Coole Tim 
Published: May 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to present an improved computational method for determining the friction factor for turbulent flow in pipes.Design/methodology/approach– Given that the absolute pipe roughness is generally constant in most systems, and that there are few changes to the pipe diameter, the proposed method uses a simplified equation for systems with a specific relative pipe roughness. The accuracy of the estimation of the friction factor using the proposed method is compared to the values obtained using the implicit Colebrook-White equation while the computational efficiency is determined by comparing the time taken to perform 300 million calculations.Findings– The proposed method offers a significant improvement in computational efficiency for its accuracy and is compared 28 of the explicit equations currently in use.Practical implications– This method enables a simplified equation to offer a significant improvement in computational efficiency for its accuracy and is easier to code, enabling engineers to more efficiently calculate frictional pressure loss for flow in pipes.Originality/value– Due to the complexities in flow regime and pipe roughness, there is a limit to the scope for further computational efficiency through simplification of the explicit equation. This paper presents a new method and simplified equation which combined are able to deliver results with similar accuracy to less computationally efficient explicit equations.
Thermal performance of six different types of wavy-fins
Authors: Khaled AbdulRahim Assaad 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– Heat transfer inside wavy fins is analyzed in this work. The paper aim to discuss this issue.

Design/methodology/approach
– Six different types of wavy fins are considered. The fin equation for each fin type is solved using a high accurate finite difference method. Excellent agreement is obtained between the numerical solution under zero wave amplitude and the exact solution of the plain fin.

Findings
– The following wavy fin types and conditions are found to produce larger heat transfer rate and its volumetric value than those for the plain fin and other wavy fins: short fins with parallel wavy profiles and large surface-wave frequency; long fins with symmetric wavy surface around the length axis, positive cross-sectional area gradient at the base, and large surface-wave frequency; and long fins with symmetric wavy profiles around the length axis, positive cross-sectional area gradient at the base, and small surface-wave frequency.

Research limitations/implications
– In addition, both fins with symmetric wavy surface around the width axis and parallel wavy surfaces along the width axis have same performance indicators. Also, these wavy fins possess higher fin efficiency than either that of the plain fin or those of the other types of wavy fins.

Originality/value
– Finally, heat transfer enhancements in the studied wavy fins are increased by increases in the excess of the surface area, cross-sectional area gradient at the base, arc length and arc width relative to those of the plain fin.
Fairness judgments and counterfactual thinking: pricing goods versus services
Authors: Naquin Charles E , Kurtzberg Terri R. , Krishnan Aparna 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to propose and empirically document the idea that people’s perceptions of having been treated fairly depend, in part, on whether the explanation provided to them of a product’s pricing is primarily based on the costs of labor (a service) versus materials (goods). Because materials are more fixed and tangible than the effort of labor, it is argued that people will have fewer counterfactual thoughts about how things could have been different with the cost of materials than those associated with labor. This has implications for fairness judgments more generally, as it suggests that people may be uneven in which types of data they attend to when making fairness judgments. Three experiments are presented that empirically test the relationship between the salience of goods versus services in the price paid and the resulting perceptions of fairness. Findings confirm that thoughts of money spent on a service were associated with lesser feelings of fairness than were thoughts of money spent on a good. This research uniquely identifies the mechanism by which some evaluations are considered fairer than others. Implications for organizational processes, such as procedural justice and fair compensation, are discussed.

Design/methodology/approach
– Three experiments are presented that empirically test the relationship between the salience of goods versus services in the price paid, and the resulting perceptions of fairness.

Findings
– Findings confirm that thoughts of money spent on a service were associated with lesser feelings of fairness than were thoughts of money spent on a good.

Originality/value
– This research uniquely identifies the mechanism by which some evaluations are considered fairer than others. Implications for organizational processes, such as procedural justice and fair compensation, are discussed.
Assessing quality of management practices in Palestinian hospitals
Authors: Sabella Anton Robert , Kashou Rami , Omran Omar 
Published: May 2015

Purpose– This paper aims to provide an assessment of the quality of management practices and implementation in hospitals operating in the West Bank of Palestine using the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award (MBNQA) Criteria.Design/methodology/approach– Based on the MBNQA Criteria, a survey of 51 hospitals was conducted using questionnaires, interviews and focus groups to gather data. Data were analyzed and compared across all administrative types of hospitals using the MBNQA points system.Findings– The results show that the performance of non-governmental organizations and private hospitals was superior with respect to all other administrative types. A closer look at the results show that all hospitals exhibit areas of concern such as human resource focus, information and analysis, as well as performance results.Research limitations/implications– Despite the exclusion of hospitals operating in the Gaza Strip, this research promotes critical management practices aimed at improving quality of management practices and their subsequent implementation in the surveyed hospitals.Practical implications– The MBNQA Criteria, as well as other quality assessment tools, can be used to measure the various activities of hospitals and identify competencies and weaknesses in a tangible manner to improve hospital performance.Originality/value– This paper presents a fresh perspective on the quality management issues in Palestinian hospitals to practitioners, administrators and academics using the MBNQA Criteria. Also, it serves as a foundation for future initiatives and programs aimed at improving quality in hospitals.
Organizational citizenship behaviour
Authors: Gyekye Seth Ayim , Haybatollahi Mohammad 
Published: May 2015

Purpose– The study aims to examine the extent to which age and job satisfaction levels were predictive of organizational citizenship behaviours (OCB). From a practical perspective, understanding age- and job satisfaction-related participation in OCB would benefit management’s decisions regarding workers’ adaptability, general work effectiveness and the effective handling of demographic-dependant organizational characteristics. Members of the sample were 320 Ghanaian industrial workers.Design/methodology/approach– Data were collected by cross-sectional self-reports. The internal consistency reliability was tested with Cronbach’s alpha. A one-way ANOVA and post-hoc analyses were used to compare the mean scores of the four age-cohorts. Hierarchical multiple regression was used to test the main and interaction effects of age and job satisfaction on OCB. A two-way interaction effect of age and job satisfaction on OCB was produced and illustrated graphically.Findings– Both independent variables were predictive of OCB. Age was a significant predictor of OCB in this sample. In contrast to Western studies, older workers were more active in citizenship behaviours than their younger counterparts. The data also indicated job satisfaction to be a significant predictor of citizenship behaviours. Compared to older workers, younger workers’ citizenship behaviours were significantly influenced by job satisfaction. Results were interpreted in the context of East/West cultural values, with special emphasis on Ghanaian cultural influences on OCB. Implications of the findings are discussed.Originality/value– The study explored for the first time, the joint impact of age and job satisfaction on citizenship behaviours.