bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Size effects of cellulose nanofibers for enhancing the crystallization of poly(lactic acid)
Authors: Kose Ryota , Kondo Tetsuo 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA desirable size of cellulose fibers for enhancing the crystallization of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) in composites was investigated by comparison among cellulose nanofibers with different widths on nanoscales. Namely, the crystallization behaviors of PLA in the presence of cellulose nanofibers were monitored with differential scanning calorimetry and polarized optical microscopy in terms of the crystallization rates of PLA. The smallest width of cellulose nanofibers was found to not necessarily provide better enhancement for the crystallization, presumably because of the preferential self‐assembly of smaller cellulose nanofibers in PLA. Namely, when the width was smaller, the better effect expected for nanofibers did not appear in the composites. It is possible that an optimum width range of 60 nm, more or less, in the cellulose nanofibers may exist in balance between the favorable self‐assembly as an enthalpy effect and the tendency toward dispersion as an entropy effect. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Dynamic Output Feedback Control for Fractional‐Order Systems
Authors: Song Xiaona , Wang Zhen 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIn this study, the problem of fractional‐order (FO) output feedback control for FO systems with certain and static uncertain parameters of 0 < α < 2 have been investigated. We design a FO output feedback control law which can guarantee the resulting closed‐loop system is stable. In terms of linear matrix inequality, explicit expressions for the desired FO output feedback controller are given. Finally, numerical examples are offered to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Millimeter waves: Acoustic and electromagnetic
Authors: Ziskin Marvin C. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThis article is the presentation I gave at the D'Arsonval Award Ceremony on June 14, 2011 at the Bioelectromagnetics Society Annual Meeting in Halifax, Nova Scotia. It summarizes my research activities in acoustic and electromagnetic millimeter waves over the past 47 years. My earliest research involved acoustic millimeter waves, with a special interest in diagnostic ultrasound imaging and its safety. For the last 21 years my research expanded to include electromagnetic millimeter waves, with a special interest in the mechanisms underlying millimeter wave therapy. Millimeter wave therapy has been widely used in the former Soviet Union with great reported success for many diseases, but is virtually unknown to Western physicians. I and the very capable members of my laboratory were able to demonstrate that the local exposure of skin to low intensity millimeter waves caused the release of endogenous opioids, and the transport of these agents by blood flow to all parts of the body resulted in pain relief and other beneficial effects. Bioelectromagnetics 34:3–14, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Angiographic and clinical characteristics of type 1 versus type 2 perioperative myocardial infarction
Authors: Hanson Ivan , Kahn Joel , Dixon Simon , Goldstein James 
Published: August 2012

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to analyze clinical and angiographic differences between the two etiologic subtypes of perioperative myocardial infarction (PMI).BackgroundPMI is believed to occur by either reduced coronary blood flow attributable to acute plaque rupture and thrombosis (type 1) or primary increase in oxygen demand in the setting of stable but stenotic lesions (type 2). Incidence and mortality rates of PMI are substantial, but angiographic and clinical features are not well characterized.MethodsConsecutive patients with PMI were classified as “type 1” or “type 2” based on angiographic characteristics of culprit lesions. Clinical and angiographic characteristics of each subtype were compared using statistical analyses.ResultsOf the 54 patients analyzed, 32 (59%) cases had type 1 PMI, whereas 22 others (41%) had type 2 PMI. Compared with type 2 patients, those with type 1 PMI more often had ECG (electrocardiogram) ST elevation (53% versus 23%, P = 0.026), greater peak troponin (15.3 ng/dl versus 5.3 ng/dl, P = 0.035), higher preoperative mean blood pressure (103 mm Hg versus 93 mm Hg, P = 0.009), greater decrease in mean intraoperative blood pressure (−36 mm Hg versus −26 mm Hg, P = 0.015). Type I patients trended toward greater in‐hospital mortality (16% versus 5%, P = 0.38) and length of hospitalization (13.5 days versus 9.0 days, P = 0.13).ConclusionsThese results demonstrate that PMI not only results from “demand ischemia” but also that in nearly 60% of cases the cause is acute plaque rupture. Patients with PMI attributable to plaque rupture suffer more intraoperative hypotension, greater transmural ischemia, larger infarct size, and trended toward worse outcome. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
pH and Particle Structure Effects on Silica Removal by Coagulation
Authors: Hermosilla D. , Ordóñez R. , Blanco L. , de la Fuente E. , Blanco Á. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractCoagulation is presented as an efficient alternative to reduce the silica content in effluents from recovered‐paper mills that are intended to be recycled by a final reverse‐osmosis (RO) step. Coagulation pretreatment by several polyaluminum chlorides (PACls) or FeCl3 was optimized prior to the RO process. PACls with low alumina content and high basicity achieved almost a 100 % removal of silica at pH 10.5. A good reduction of the silica content was attained without regulating the pH by adding one of these PACls. Silica removal was related to the structure of the produced clots in which cylindrical particles produced higher silica removal. All coagulants removed more than 50 % of the chemical oxygen demand (COD).
Mathematical Model for Design Parameter Analysis to Improve the Performance of a Desiccant Wheel
Authors: Yadav A. , Bajpai V. K. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA mathematical model for estimating the optimum design parameters of a desiccant wheel in order to reduce weight and size has been developed. Heat and mass transfer from both moist air and desiccant material were considered in this model. The design parameters were analyzed under the basic operating condition of simulation. Channel height, pitch, and length of the desiccant wheel were optimized, as well as other design parameters such as area ratio, aspect ratio, and porosity.
A Novel Low‐Pressure Device for Production of Nanoemulsions
Authors: Souilem I. , Muller R. , Holl Y. , Bouquey M. , Serra C. A. , Vandamme T. , Anton N. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA novel device is applied to produce emulsions of methyl methacrylate in water with a controllable size in the range of 30–100 nm. The process is based on the reciprocating flow of the material through an abrupt contraction which generates a strong elongational flow. This results in highly efficient dispersive mixing even at moderate pressures, thus reducing viscous dissipation and improving temperature control. The original design of the device also allows easy feeding and sampling, easy adjusting of the total volume of the emulsion, and processing volatile components owing to the liquid‐ and gas‐tightness of the device. The influence of process parameters (like pressure drop and mixing time) and composition of the system (volume ratio of the dispersed and continuous phases, surfactant and hydrophobic agent weight percentages) on the droplet size and stability of the emulsions is investigated and discussed.
Combining the Power of TiIII‐Mediated Processes for Easy Access to Hydroxylated Polycyclic Terpenoids: Synthesis of Sesterstatin 1 and C–D Rings of Aspergilloxide
Authors: Jiménez Tania , Morcillo Sara P. , Martín‐Lasanta Ana , Collado‐Sanz Daniel , Cárdenas Diego J. , Gansäuer Andreas , Justicia José , Cuerva Juan M. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA straightforward access to polyhydroxylated terpenoids based on two key titanocene(III)‐mediated reactions is presented: the “head‐to‐tail” Barbier‐type addition of prenyl chlorides to α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes, which allows the introduction of hydroxy groups at desirable positions of the acyclic precursor, and the subsequent bioinspired radical cyclisation. This methodology has been also used in the first total synthesis of pentacyclic sesterstatin 1 and a model compound of the C–D rings of aspergilloxide.
Continuous Fermentation with Animal Cells. Part 2. Techniques and Methods of Cell Retention
Authors: Henzler Hans‐Jürgen 
Published: August 2012

AbstractDie Rückhaltung der tierischen Zellen im Fermenter ist entscheidend für die Effizienz einer kontinuierlichen Fermentation. In der vorliegenden Übersichtsarbeit werden die auf den Prinzipien Sedimentation, Zentrifugation und Filtration beruhenden Zellrückhaltetechniken detailliert behandelt, die sich als bedeutend für die Fermentation von tierischen Zellen erwiesen haben. Ihre Eignung wird analysiert und eine Bewertung der verschiedenen Techniken vorgenommen. Aus dem Vergleich der Systeme ergeben sich Empfehlungen für die am besten geeigneten Rückhaltetechniken.
A cluster‐sample approach for Monte Carlo integration using multiple samplers
Authors: Tan Zhiqiang 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA computational problem in many fields is to estimate simultaneously multiple integrals and expectations, assuming that the data are generated by some Monte Carlo algorithm. Consider two scenarios in which draws are simulated from multiple distributions but the normalizing constants of those distributions may be known or unknown. For each scenario, existing estimators can be classified as using individual samples separately or using all the samples jointly. The latter pooled‐sample estimators are statistically more efficient but computationally more costly to evaluate than the separate‐sample estimators. We develop a cluster‐sample approach to obtain computationally effective estimators, after draws are generated for each scenario. We divide all the samples into mutually exclusive clusters and combine samples from each cluster separately. Furthermore, we exploit a relationship between estimators based on samples from different clusters to achieve variance reduction. The resulting estimators, compared with the pooled‐sample estimators, typically yield similar statistical efficiency but have reduced computational cost. We illustrate the value of the new approach by two examples for an Ising model and a censored Gaussian random field. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 41: 151–173; 2013 © 2012 Statistical Society of Canada
What Drosophila spermatocytes tell us about the mechanisms underlying cytokinesis
Authors: Giansanti Maria Grazia , Fuller Margaret T. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractCytokinesis separates the genomic material and organelles of a dividing cell equitably into two physically distinct daughter cells at the end of cell division. This highly choreographed process involves coordinated reorganization and regulated action of the actin and microtubule cytoskeletal systems, an assortment of motor proteins, and membrane trafficking components. Due to their large size, the ease with which exquisite cytological analysis may be performed on them, and the availability of numerous mutants and other genetic tools, Drosophila spermatocytes have provided an excellent system for exploring the mechanistic basis for the temporally programmed and precise spatially localized events of cytokinesis. Mutants defective in male meiotic cytokinesis can be easily identified in forward genetic screens by the production of multinucleate spermatids. In addition, the weak spindle assembly checkpoint in spermatocytes, which causes only a small delay of anaphase onset in the presence of unattached chromosomes, allows investigation of whether gene products required for spindle assembly and chromosome segregation are also involved in cytokinesis. Perhaps due to the large size of spermatocytes and the requirement for two rapid‐fire rounds of division without intervening S or growth phases during meiosis, male meiotic mutants have also revealed much about molecular mechanisms underlying new membrane addition during cytokinesis. Finally, cell type‐specific differences in the events that set up and complete cytokinesis are emerging from comparison of spermatocytes with cells undergoing mitosis either elsewhere in the organism or in tissue culture. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc
Ion Channel Phosphorylopathy: a Link between Genomic Variation and Human Disease
Authors: Gentile Saverio 
Published: August 2012

AbstractVoltage‐gated ion channels (VGIC) regulate many important physiological events, including muscle contraction, brain function, and secretion. Mutations that inhibit or up‐regulate VGIC activities can dramatically interfere with the normal function of several organs, leading to unpredictable failure and therefore poor quality of life or even death. Many genomic variations that change amino acids in cytoplasmic domains of ion channels have been found to be associated with several diseases, including cardiac arrhythmias and neurodegeneration. However, a mechanism linking these mutations to ion channel malfunction has not been clearly established and in some cases is totally unknown. This concept article gives an overview on a possible mechanism by which disease‐associated mutations in cytoplasmic domains of ion channels can affect channel activity by creating or disrupting phosphorylation sites for specific kinases. We call these events “ion channel phosphorylopathies”. Understanding ion channel phosphorylopathies offers the opportunity to find a mechanism linking genomic variations to human disease and is crucial to the process of designing an effective pharmacological strategy.
Interannual variations of soil organic carbon fractions in unmanaged volcanic soils (Canary Islands, Spain)
Authors: Armas‐Herrera Cecilia María , Mora Juan Luis , Arbelo Carmen Dolores , Rodríguez‐Rodríguez Antonio 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe stability over time of the organic C stocked in soils under undisturbed ecosystems is poorly studied, despite being suitable for detecting changes related to climate fluctuations and global warming. Volcanic soils often show high organic C contents due to the stabilization of organic matter by short‐range ordered minerals or Al‐humus complexes. We investigated the dynamics of different organic C fractions in volcanic soils of protected natural ecosystems of the Canary Islands (Spain) to evaluate the stability of their C pools. The study was carried out in 10 plots, including both undisturbed and formerly disturbed ecosystems, over two annual periods. C inputs to (litterfall) and outputs from (respiration) the soil, root C stocks (0–30 cm), soil organic C (SOC) fractions belonging to C pools with different degrees of biogeochemical stability –total oxidisable C (TOC), microbial biomass C (MBC), water soluble C (WSC), hot‐water extractable C (HWC), humic C (HSC), – and total soil N (TN) (at 0–15 and 15–30 cm) were measured seasonally.A statistically significant interannual increase in CO2 emissions and a decrease in the SOC, mainly at the expense of the most labile organic forms, were observed, while the root C stocks and litterfall inputs remained relatively constant over the study period. The observed changes may reflect an initial increase in SOC resulting from low soil respiration rates due to drought during the first year of study. The soils of nearly mature ecosystems were more apparently affected by C losses, while those undergoing the process of active natural regeneration exhibited disguised C loss because of the C sequestration trend that is characteristic of progressive ecological succession.
The enemy within us: lessons from the 2011 European Escherichia coli O104:H4 outbreak
Authors: Karch Helge , Denamur Erick , Dobrindt Ulrich , Finlay B. Brett , Hengge Regine , Johannes Ludgers , Ron Eliora Z. , Tønjum Tone , Sansonetti Philippe J. , Vicente Miguel 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIn response to the 2011 European health alert caused by a pathogenic Escherichia coli O104:H4 outbreak, the European Academy of Microbiology (EAM), established by the Federation of European Microbiological Societies (FEMS), convened a meeting in Paris on November 30th, 2011 on ‘EHEC infection and control’ attended by world renowned experts in pathogenic E. coli. The major aims of this group were to review the scientific issues raised by the outbreak, to assess the handling of the crisis at the scientific and political levels, and to propose future actions. Several conclusions, which will have impact on future potential E. coli outbreaks, are outlined here.
Collapse simulation of reinforced concrete high‐rise building induced by extreme earthquakes
Authors: Lu Xiao , Lu Xinzheng , Guan Hong , Ye Lieping 
Published: August 2012

SUMMARYCollapse resistance of high‐rise buildings has become a research focus because of the frequent occurrence of strong earthquakes and terrorist attacks in recent years. Research development has demonstrated that numerical simulation is becoming one of the most powerful tools for collapse analysis in addition to the conventional laboratory model tests and post‐earthquake investigations. In this paper, a finite element method based numerical model encompassing fiber‐beam element model, multilayer shell model, and elemental deactivation technique is proposed to predict the collapse process of high‐rise buildings subjected to extreme earthquake. The potential collapse processes are simulated for a simple 10‐story RC frame and two existing RC high‐rise buildings of 18‐story and 20‐story frame–core tube systems. The influences of different failure criteria used are discussed in some detail. The analysis results indicate that the proposed numerical model is capable of simulating the collapse process of existing high‐rise buildings by identifying potentially weak components of the structure that may induce collapse. The study outcome will be beneficial to aid further development of optimal design philosophy. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inelastic response of RC frame buildings with seismic isolation
Authors: Cardone Donatello , Flora Amedeo , Gesualdi Giuseppe 
Published: August 2012

SUMMARYA comprehensive parametric study on the inelastic seismic response of seismically isolated RC frame buildings, designed for gravity loads only, is presented. Four building prototypes, with 23 m × 10 m floor plan dimensions and number of storeys ranging from 2 to 8, are considered. All the buildings present internal resistant frames in one direction only, identified as the strong direction of the building. In the orthogonal weak direction, the buildings present outer resistant frames only, with infilled masonry panels. This structural configuration is typical of many existing RC buildings, realized in Italy and other European countries in the 60s and 70s. The parametric study is based on the results of extensive nonlinear response‐time history analyses of 2‐DOF systems, using a set of seven artificial and natural seismic ground motions. In the parametric study, buildings with strength ratio (Fy/W) ranging from 0.03 to 0.15 and post‐yield stiffness ratio ranging from 0% to 6% are examined. Three different types of isolation systems are considered, that is, high damping rubber bearings, lead rubber bearings and friction pendulum bearings. The isolation systems have been designed accepting the occurrence of plastic hinges in the superstructure during the design earthquake. The nonlinear response‐time history analyses results show that structures with seismic isolation experience fewer inelastic cycles compared with fixed‐base structures. As a consequence, although limited plastic deformations can be accepted, the collapse limit state of seismically isolated structures should be based on the lateral capacity of the superstructure without significant reliance on its inherent hysteretic damping or ductility capacity. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Subacute toxicity of nano-selenium compared to other selenium species in mice
Authors: Benko Ilona , Nagy Gabor , Tanczos Bence , Ungvari Eva , Sztrik Attila , Eszenyi Peter , Prokisch Jozsef , Banfalvi Gaspar 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Sixteen groups of mice were fed diets containing different selenium species to compare their toxicity. Inorganic sodium selenate and sodium hydroselenite, elementary nanoSe, organic Sel-Plex, and Lacto-MicroSelenium were administered for 14 d at concentrations of 0.5, 5, and 50 ppm Se, equivalent to 0.5, 5, and 50 mg Se/kg food, corresponding to an estimated 4, 40, and 400 µg/kg body weight/d Se uptake, respectively. At the end of the treatment, body, liver, spleen, kidney, heart, and brain weights were measured, mice were subjected to necropsy, and histological examinations were performed on the liver. At lower Se doses (0.5 and 5 ppm) a moderate reduction was observed in the number of bone marrow and white blood cells and in granulocyte–macrophage colony-forming units (GM-CFUs) relative to the untreated control group of mice. A comparison of lowest toxic doses of sodium selenite in mice (0.5 ppm) and mallard (10 ppm) indicates that birds are more resistant to Se than rodents. In mice, a small but measurable weight loss was observed after 5 ppm selenate and LactoMicroSe treatment. The most significant changes took place after 50-ppm administration in body and spleen weight, hematology, and liver histology. Toxicity was more pronounced when inorganic Se was applied than after subacute application of Sel-Plex, nanoSe, or LactoMicroSe. To summarize the effects, the authors' 14-d murine subacute toxicity study showed that the toxicity of Se species decreased in the following order: selenate &gt; selenite &gt; nanoSe &gt; Sel-Plex &gt; LactoMicroSe. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012; 31: 2812–2820. © 2012 SETAC