bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrasonic application to boost hydroxyl radical formation during Fenton oxidation and release organic matter from sludge
Authors: Gong Changxiu , Jiang Jianguo , Li De’an , Tian Sicong 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWe examined the effects of ultrasound and Fenton reagent on ultrasonic coupling Fenton oxidation (U+F) pre-treatment processes for the disintegration of wastewater treatment plant sludge. The results demonstrated that U+F treatment could significantly increase soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), total organic carbon (TOC) and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) concentrations in sludge supernatant. This method was more effective than ultrasonic (U) or Fenton oxidation (F) treatment alone. U+F treatment increased the release of SCOD by 2.1- and 1.4-fold compared with U and F alone, respectively. U+F treatment increased the release of EPS by 1.2-fold compared with U alone. After U+F treatment, sludge showed a considerably finer particle size and looser microstructure based on fluorescence microscopy and the concentration of hydroxyl radicals (OH•) increased from 0.26 mM by F treatment to 0.43 mM by U+F treatment based on fluorescence spectrophotometer. This demonstrated that U+F treatment improves the release of organic matter from sludge.
Substrate integrated waveguide highpass filter with high selectivity
Authors: Xu Juan , Bi Junjian , Li Zhaolong , Chen Rushan 
Published: June 2015

A novel substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) highpass filter with sharp attenuation characteristics using shunt SIW resonant stubs is proposed. The highpass filter consists of a main SIW transmission line loaded with three shunt SIW resonant stubs. The three shunt SIW resonant stubs are used to realise the band‐stop filter, whose stopband is designed to coincide with the transition band of the SIW highpass filter. Therefore, the sharp attenuation of the stopband filter contributes to the attenuation of the entire filter. To verify the concept, a filter prototype with a cutoff frequency of 16 GHz is designed, fabricated and measured. Another hybrid filter with the same specifications is fabricated and compared. The measured results show that the proposed filter has sharper attenuation characteristics than the hybrid filter.
Spawning, Larviculture, and Salinity Tolerance of Alewives and Blueback Herring in Captivity
Authors: DiMaggio Matthew A , Pine Harvey J , Kenter Linas W , Berlinsky David L 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Precipitous declines in wild populations of river herring species (Alewives Alosa pseudoharengus and Blueback Herring A. aestivalis) have led to increased interest in stock enhancement efforts. Additionally, their popularity as a baitfish among recreational anglers has generated interest in commercial production of these species for marine baitfish markets. The objective of this investigation was to elucidate practical culture protocols for captive propagation of these species for commercial and restoration purposes. Wild Blueback Herring, captured during their annual spawning migration, spawned in tanks volitionally, while Alewives required exogenous hormone administration. Larvae of both species were successfully raised through metamorphosis using a feeding regime comprised of enriched rotifers followed by Artemia nauplii and a commercially available diet. Survival of early larvae acclimated to salinities ranging from 5‰ to 15‰ was high for both species (&gt;94.0%) while that for older larvae acclimated to 15, 20, and 30‰ ranged from 64.7% to 95.3%. Juveniles raised at varying salinities (0–30‰) exhibited high survival (95.6–100.0%) and excellent feed conversion ratios (≤1.31) in all treatments. In acute salinity transfer experiments, high survival was observed when fish of both species (233–275 d posthatch) were transferred from low to high salinities, but low survival (10.0% and 3.3%) was observed in Alewives transferred from 15‰ or 30‰ to freshwater (0‰). A nodular fibrotic growth was found on 3.7% and 10.1% of the cultured Alewives and Blueback Herring (≥231 d posthatch), respectively, that likely followed tissue trauma and ulceration. The results of these studies provide a framework for river herring culture in recirculating systems.
A parallel and sensitive software tool for methylation analysis on multicore platforms
Authors: Tárraga Joaquín , Pérez Mariano , Orduña Juan M. , Duato José , Medina Ignacio , Dopazo Joaquín 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Motivation: DNA methylation analysis suffers from very long processing time, as the advent of Next-Generation Sequencers has shifted the bottleneck of genomic studies from the sequencers that obtain the DNA samples to the software that performs the analysis of these samples. The existing software for methylation analysis does not seem to scale efficiently neither with the size of the dataset nor with the length of the reads to be analyzed. As it is expected that the sequencers will provide longer and longer reads in the near future, efficient and scalable methylation software should be developed.
Results: We present a new software tool, called HPG-Methyl, which efficiently maps bisulphite sequencing reads on DNA, analyzing DNA methylation. The strategy used by this software consists of leveraging the speed of the Burrows–Wheeler Transform to map a large number of DNA fragments (reads) rapidly, as well as the accuracy of the Smith–Waterman algorithm, which is exclusively employed to deal with the most ambiguous and shortest reads. Experimental results on platforms with Intel multicore processors show that HPG-Methyl significantly outperforms in both execution time and sensitivity state-of-the-art software such as Bismark, BS-Seeker or BSMAP, particularly for long bisulphite reads.
Availability and implementation: Software in the form of C libraries and functions, together with instructions to compile and execute this software. Available by sftp to anonymous@clariano.uv.es (password ‘anonymous’).
Contact: juan.orduna@uv.es or jdopazo@cipf.es
Aestheticism and the Politics of Pleasure
Authors: Livesey Ruth 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The late nineteenth-century Aesthetic movement challenged many aspects of Victorian literature and culture. This chapter explores how the emphasis on pleasure within Aestheticism was central to that challenge. The pursuit of ‘art for art’s sake’ might seem to imply a step away from the politics of the day, but the hedonism of the movement, the chapter suggests, subverted dominant arguments about culture and society in an age of democratization. The works of Oscar Wilde and Walter Pater provide a means to examine a wider aesthetic counter-culture that resisted Matthew Arnold’s arguments for critical consensus, undermined the calculated happiness of Utilitarian political economy, and broke open new spaces for the appreciation and expression of beauty.
The School-to-Prison Pipeline in America, 1972–2012
Authors: Sykes Bryan L. , Piquero Alex R. , Gioviano Jason P. , Pittman Nicolas 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The rise of mass imprisonment has affected millions of Americans in the criminal justice system, resulting in a copious amount of research on the socioeconomic consequences of incarceration for disadvantaged men. A parallel thread of research is burgeoning in scholarly literature under the metaphor of “the school-to-prison-pipeline” to explain juvenile punishment. This article argues that the school-to-prison pipeline has its origins in social transformation of work and its distribution of rewards, racialized and gendered punishment practices that are differentially employed to curtail recalcitrant behavior, and differences in the ecological contexts of childhood development. The article begins by reviewing research on race and class inequalities in penal and educational institutions. Next, it presents new estimates of juvenile incarceration rates to show how adolescent incapacitation mirrors adult incarceration rates. Finally, policy prescriptions to disrupt, redress, and retard the school-to-prison pipeline are discussed.
The Nature, Extent, and Consequences of Cryptic Genetic Variation in theopaRepeats ofNotchinDrosophila
Authors: Rice Clinton , Beekman Danielle , Liu Liping , Erives Albert 
Published: June 2015

ABTRACTPolyglutamine (pQ) tracts are abundant in many proteins co-interacting on DNA. The lengths of these pQ tracts can modulate their interaction strengths. However, pQ tracts > 40 residues are pathologically prone to amyloidogenic self-assembly. Here, we assess the extent and consequences of variation in the pQ-encodingoparepeats ofNotch(N) inDrosophila melanogaster. We use Sanger sequencing to genotypeopasequences (5’-CAX repeats), which have resisted assembly using short sequence reads. While the majority ofNsequences pertain to referenceopa31(Q13HQ17) andopa32(Q13HQ18) allelic classes, several rare alleles encode tracts > 32 residues:opa33a(Q14HQ18),opa33b(Q15HQ17),opa34(Q16HQ17),opa35a1/opa35a2(Q13HQ21),opa36(Q13HQ22), andopa37(Q13HQ23). Only one rare allele encodes a tract < 31 residues:opa23(Q13–Q10). Thisopa23allele shortens the pQ tract while simultaneously eliminating the interrupting histidine. Homozygotes for the short and longopaalleles have defects in sensory bristle organ specification, abdominal patterning, and embryonic survival. Inbred stocks with wild-typeopa31alleles become more viable when outbred, while an inbred stock with the longeropa35becomes less viable after outcrossing to different backgrounds. In contrast, an inbred stock with the shortopa23allele is semi-viable in both inbred and outbred genetic backgrounds. Thisopa23 Notchallele also produces notched wings when recombined out of the X chromosome. Importantly,wa-linked X balancers carry theNalleleopa33band suppressAS-Cinsufficiency caused by thesc8inversion. Our results demonstrate significant cryptic variation and epistatic sensitivity for theNlocus, and the need for long read genotyping of key repeat variables underlying gene regulatory networks.
Coalescent inference using serially sampled, high-throughput sequencing data from intra-host HIV infection
Authors: Dialdestoro Kevin , Sibbesen Jonas Andreas , Maretty Lasse , Raghwani Jayna , Gall Astrid , Kellam Paul , Pybus Oliver G. , Hein Jotun , Jenkins Paul A. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a rapidly evolving pathogen that causes chronic infections, so genetic diversity within a single infection can be very high. High-throughput “deep” sequencing can now measure this diversity in unprecedented detail, particularly since it can be performed at different timepoints during an infection, and this offers a potentially powerful way to infer the evolutionary dynamics of the intra-host viral population. However, population genomic inference from HIV sequence data is challenging because of high rates of mutation and recombination, rapid demographic changes, and ongoing selective pressures. In this paper we develop a new method for inference using HIV deep sequencing data using an approach based on importance sampling of ancestral recombination graphs under a multi-locus coalescent model. The approach further extends recent progress in the approximation of so-calledconditional sampling distributions, a quantity of key interest when approximating co-alescent likelihoods. The chief novelties of our method are that it is able to infer rates of recombination and mutation, as well as the effective population size, while handling sampling over different timepoints and missing data without extra computational difficulty. We apply our method to a dataset of HIV-1, in which several hundred sequences were obtained from an infected individual at seven timepoints over two years. We find mutation rate and effective population size estimates to be comparable to those produced by the software BEAST. Additionally, our method is able to produce local recombination rate estimates. The software underlying our method, Coalescenator, is freely available.
bModelTest: Bayesian phylogenetic site model averaging and model comparison
Authors: Bouckaert Remco R , Drummond Alexei J 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackground:Reconstructing phylogenies through Bayesian methods has many benefits, which include providing a mathematically sound framework, providing realistic estimates of uncertainty and being able to incorporate different sources of information based on formal principles. Bayesian phylogenetic analyses are popular for interpreting nucleotide sequence data, however for such studies one needs to specify a site model and associated substitution model. Often, the parameters of the site model is of no interest and an ad-hoc or additional likelihood based analysis is used to select a single site model.Results:bModelTest allows for a Bayesian approach to inferring and marginalizing site models in a phylogenetic analysis. It is based on trans-dimensional Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) proposals that allow switching between substitution models as well as estimating the posterior probability for gamma-distributed rate heterogeneity a proportion of invariable sites and unequal base frequencies. The model can be used with the full set of time-reversible models on nucleotides, but we also introduce and demonstrate the use of two subsets of time-reversible substitution models.Conclusion:With the new method the site model can be inferred (and marginalized) during the MCMC analysis and does not need to be pre-determined, as is now often the case in practice, by likelihood-based methods. The method is implemented in the bModelTest package of the popular BEAST 2 software, which is open source, licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License and allows joint site model and tree inference under a wide range of models.
Sexual harassment
Authors: Chelliah John 
Published: June 2015

Purpose
– Highlights the risks faced by Australian employers as a result of sexual harassment by employees and contractors.

Design/methodology/approach
– Considers the types of approach that are necessary to prevent sexual harassment by employees and contractors in the workplace and events outside the workplace sanctioned by employers.

Findings
– Explains that employers should ensure that they have robust policies that comply with Australian law and should provide adequate training to protect themselves against costly compensation claims.

Practical implications
– Guides employers in preventing loss arising from claims of sexual harassment from employees.

Social implications
– Draws attention to the risks associated with conflict of interest at work.

Originality/value
– Raises the issue of organizational preparedness to undertake the challenges potentially posed by employees and contractors who may consider sexual harassment as acceptable in the workplace.
Why top people can shortlist their employer
Authors: Rao M.S 
Published: June 2015

Purpose
– Emphasizes the soft and hard skills needed to put a person in a position to shortlist his or her employer.

Design/methodology/approach
– Shares seven tools to fast-track a career. Outlines tips to build career capital.

Findings
– Advances the view that there is no permanent employment but only permanent employability.

Practical implications
– Argues that the findings can be applied in any industry or sector of the economy.

Social implications
– Examines why the modern business world rewards the greater flexibility associated with employability over employment.

Originality/value
– Turns the spotlight on acquiring the right mindset, tool set and skill set to be able to shortlist an employer.
The ban on working from home makes sense for Yahoo
Authors: Pathak Atul Arun , Bathini Dharma  Raju , Kandathil George M 
Published: June 2015

Purpose
– Discusses the suitability of work-from-home policies, especially in information technology companies. Cautions against a one-size-fits-all approach and states that each company needs to make a decision based on how closely this important human resource (HR) policy aligns with organizational strategy.

Design/methodology/approach
– Describes how a work-from-home policy, if correctly designed and implemented by HR managers and if aligned to the organizational strategy, can promote innovation and thereby provide a competitive advantage. Gives illustrations from various organizations to explain the concepts.

Findings
– Argues that working from home is not useful for all organizations and in all contexts. HR managers can play a key role in identifying the suitability of work-from-home in their organization’s context. The HR policy needs to be flexible and to change based on the need for innovation, the nature of projects and the role of each individual in the organization.

Practical implications
– Advances the view that IT organizations which focus on high-impact radical innovations may benefit from having their employees work in an office. However, each organization, depending on the type of innovation it is aiming for and the nature of projects that it is engaged in, should consider whether work-from-home is a suitable option or not. HR managers should play a larger role in aligning the work-from-home policy to the organizational strategy. They should also be involved more closely in decisions related to the implementation of the policy on the ground.

Social implications
– Concedes that extra effort will be needed from human resource management (HRM) in customizing work-from-home-related policies to ensure effective alignment with ever-changing organizational strategies.

Originality/value
– Considers the context of work-from-home. Provides insights into how HR managers can design the policy, align it to overall strategy and implement these HRM practices on the ground.
The unnatural networker’s guide to networking
Authors: Lawson Charlie 
Published: June 2015

Purpose
– Helps people to help people to become better at networking.

Design/methodology/approach
– Examines some differences between introverts and extroverts and explains why introverts can be better at networking than extroverts.

Findings
– Provides a number of tips, including setting goals, looking for the right body language and following up, that can help to make people into good networkers.

Practical implications
– Asserts that a high proportion of people are not natural networkers but that good networking skills can be learned.

Social implications
– Highlights the importance of being good at networking for business and personal success.

Originality/value
– Advances the view that effective networking is about much more than simply “working the room”.
Are your feet on the ground or is your head in the clouds?
Authors: McKergow Mark 
Published: June 2015

Purpose
– Highlights the importance of looking at both the near and distant future.

Design/methodology/approach
– Observes that different kinds of people treat and use the future differently and considers how to use the more useful elements of the future.

Findings
– Charts the approaches taken towards the future by the dreamer, the realist, the business planner and the host and outlines the advantages of leading like a host.

Practical implications
– Considers how host views the horizon, the area just before the horizon, the future and the very near future.

Social implications
– Accepts that we do not fully know what is going to happen in the future, but that does not mean people should focus only on the near (and therefore most “knowable”) future.

Originality/value
– Advances the view that having a good idea of the first signs of progress can be particularly useful in cases where the next steps are not obvious or seem tough or uncertain – rapid feedback will be useful in letting us know that what we are doing.
Why is it suddenly so easy to change?
Authors: Lilja Johan , Richardsson Daniel 
Published: June 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to contribute with knowledge concerning how to drive, generate and energize change and development in social systems. A potential key to meet this challenge is the strength-based change management approach called appreciative inquiry (AI). A central component of AI is the “AI interview”, which has evolved into a distinct activity that enables the past and the future to be used as a generative source for on-going learning about strengths, opportunities, aspirations and results. The AI interview has in previous studies shown an often surprisingly high ability to generate development and change in social systems. However, the understanding of the generative “mystery” of the AI interview, focusing on the value experienced by both the people conducting the interview and those being interviewed, is still in need of further exploration. Furthermore, the evident generativity of the AI interview has not yet been integrated to any large extent into quality management. The purpose of this paper is to change that.Design/methodology/approach– The researchers have studied the customer experience of conducting an AI interview based on feedback from 97 AI students at Mid Sweden University.Findings– Among the results, eight categories of value are identified.Originality/value– The paper contributes with new knowledge concerning the values experienced during participation in an AI interview. The paper also highlights ideas on how the generativity of the AI interview could be increasingly integrated into quality management.
Translating the EFQM model into the courts
Authors: Moura e Sá Patrícia , Albuquerque António 
Published: June 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to develop an assessment guide based on the European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM) model criteria. Courts have been under pressure to become more accountable and responsive organisations. In this context, self-assessment models that drive attention to the way resources are being used and to the results that are being achieved, incorporating the views of different stakeholders, are of particular interest.

Design/methodology/approach
– A case study approach was used. The meaning of the quality principles that underline the EFQM model was discussed with the court administrator, judges, prosecutors and justice officers. Those perspectives were taken into account when translating the criteria and criterion parts of the EFQM model. The assessment guide was validated by an experts’ panel.

Findings
– The EFQM model captures the essential features of a court even if the courts terminology and governance models challenge the translation of some criteria. The resulting guide includes a description of the various criteria and criterion parts and the identification of key focus areas, while giving some illustrative examples of initiatives and indicators that could be looked at under each model dimension.

Practical implications
– The assessment guide can be used to undertake self-assessment exercises in different courts.

Originality/value
– There is a lack of studies on the measurement of courts’ performance apart from the publication of simple lists of process indicators. The assessment guide developed in this study is perhaps one of the most comprehensive resources for assessing the quality of a court.