bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The individual‐system relationship: methodological cues from the stance‐taking process analysis
Authors: Everri Marina , Fruggeri Laura 
Published: November 2013

The individual‐system relationship is one of the core, and most controversial, issues that have animated family therapy discussions since their origins. We advance the idea that an important point of departure for addressing this issue is the contamination of family therapy with constructs and methods coming from systemic research into normal family processes, such as the notion of stance‐taking. Relying on empirical data taken from a study conducted with families dealing with adolescents, we introduce and discuss the notion of stance‐taking as an innovative methodological procedure that can illuminate the individual‐system relationship while family interactions unfold. For the purpose of this article, we present and describe three selected family cases that document the potentialities of the stance‐taking process analysis for studying the individual‐system relationship, thus offering cues to systemic research and practice in family therapy.Practitioner points
The stance‐taking process analysis allows clinical practitioners to develop systematic and empirically informed hypotheses.
Pointing out the different stances taken by each member during family interactions, therapists can make such variability into a resource to promote change.
Therapists can be trained to observe how their stances shape the ongoing process, and act in the unfolding conversations to transform the emerging patterns.
Reinventing theTowerBeefeater in the Nineteenth Century
Authors: Martin Janette 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis article investigates the representation of the nation through a group of real people, exploring how the romantic figure of theBeefeater became entwined with ideas of national identity. It begins with the reforms introduced by the duke of Wellington, whose appointment asConstable of theTower ofLondon in 1826 led to sweeping reforms of theBody ofYeomanWarders (popularly known asBeefeaters), who had fallen into disarray after years of neglect and mismanagement. It looks beyond the late 1820s to consider how the Beefeaters’ appeal was consolidated during the later nineteenth century, in particular, how increased tourism and the growing depiction ofYeomanWarders in fiction, art and music impacted upon popular perceptions of theBeefeater. So much so that by the closing decades of the nineteenth century, the reinvention of theBeefeater as a patriotic icon was complete. The article is concerned not only with representation of the warder but also how theBeefeater himself helped to construct his own identity. As a living embodiment of the past theBeefeater, via his verbal commentary and participation in theTower's rich ceremonial life, actively shaped his own image. This research contributes to the debates surrounding the ‘invention of tradition’ and ‘democratic royalism’ and popular narratives of the past.
The Charitable Corporation for the Relief of Industrious Poor: Philanthropy, Profit and Sleaze in London, 1707–1733
Authors: Brealey Peter 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe Charitable Corporation's mission was to offer small loans on pledges on fair terms, thereby supplanting as a source of credit those pawnbrokers who were believed to be exploiting the poor. However, it was poorly served by its management, who allowed fraud to run unchecked for many years. Shedding new light on a neglected experiment during Britain's ‘financial revolution’, this article sets out to reconstruct the history of the Corporation from its foundation in 1707 to its disintegration in 1731. On the way, it details the Corporation's original business model, how, in the years following the South Sea Bubble, it attracted investors, its descent into corruption and the fall‐out from its eventual failure. It also explores some larger issues raised by the Corporation. The fact that it was established in the first place seems to imply a surprisingly lenient attitude to individual responsibility and financial risk in the eighteenth century. Questions of responsibility also dominated debates after the Corporation's fall, as parliament and the courts grappled with the difficulties of pinning down the point where negligence becomes a breach of trust. Furthermore, as it was not only a charity but also a business whose shareholders were expecting healthy dividends, it opens up questions of the proper relationship between charity and self‐interest.
Taioba (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) Leaves: Nutrient Composition and Physiological Effects on Healthy Rats
Authors: de Almeida Jackix Elisa , Monteiro Elisa Bernardes , Raposo Helena Fonseca , Vanzela Emerielle Cristine , Amaya‐Farfán Jaime 
Published: November 2013

AbstractSeveral studies have shown that fruits and vegetables contribute to protect against degenerative pathologies such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancer, mainly due to the presence of dietary fiber (DF) and polyphenols. Taioba (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) is an edible aroid widely grown in many parts of Africa, America, and Asia. The tubers portions of taioba are widely consumed; however, the leafy portions are generally discarded, despite their high nutritive value. In this study, we have partly characterized the DF of lyophiized taioba leaf (LTL), and assessed the possible protective effects on biochemical parameters and on bile acid (BA) production in colon and cecum, when fed to healthy rats for 4 wk. Forty‐five Wistar rats were assigned to either of 5 groups: group 1 received AIN 93G diet (CG: Control); group 2 received AIN 93G containing 2.5% of cellulose + 2.5% inulin (CEIN_5%); group 3 received AIN 93G containing 2.5% of cellulose + 2.5% taioba fiber (CETA_5%); group 4 received AIN 93G containing 5% cellulose + 2.5% taioba fiber (CETA_7.5%); group 5 received AIN 93G containing 5% cellulose + 2.5% of inulin (CEIN_7.5%). LTL showed high contents of total fiber, predominantly comprising insoluble DF with glucose as the major monomer. Rats receiving LTL had increased fecal mass and fat excretion, and improved BA profiles by diminishing the proportion of secondary acids, thus suggesting that consumption of taioba leaf may have the property of lowering the risk of colon cancer.
Combined Vacuum Impregnation and Electron‐Beam Irradiation Treatment to Extend the Storage Life of Sliced White Button Mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus)
Authors: Yurttas Zeynep Sevimli , Moreira Rosana G. , Castell‐Perez Elena 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis study assessed the application of an antibrowning solution using vacuum impregnation (VI) and then electron‐beam irradiation as a means to extend the shelf life of sliced white button mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus). A preliminary study helped to determine the best antibrowning solution and VI process parameters. Mushroom slices were impregnated with 2 g/100 g ascorbic acid + 1 g/100 g calcium lactate; 2 g/100 g citric acid + 1 g/100 g calcium lactate; 1 g/100 g chitosan + 1 g/100 g calcium lactate; and 1 g/100 g calcium lactate at different vacuum pressures and times and atmospheric restoration times. Selection of the antibrowning solution and VI parameters was based on texture and color of the mushroom slices. Next, the slices were irradiated at 1 kGy using a 1.35‐MeV e‐beam accelerator. Physicochemical, sensory, and microbial quality of mushrooms was monitored for 15 d at 4 °C. The best impregnation process in this study was 2 g/100 g ascorbic acid and 1 g/100 g calcium lactate at 50 mm Hg for 5 min and an atmospheric restoration time of 5 min. The control (untreated) samples suffered structural losses throughout storage. Only the vacuum impregnated‐irradiated samples had acceptable color by the end of storage. Sensory panelists consistently preferred the samples produced with VI and irradiation because exposure to ionizing radiation inhibited growth of spoilage microorganisms.
Advancing population ecology with integral projection models: a practical guide
Authors: Merow Cory , Dahlgren Johan P. , Metcalf C. Jessica E. , Childs Dylan Z. , Evans Margaret E.K. , Jongejans Eelke , Record Sydne , Rees Mark , Salguero‐Gómez Roberto , McMahon Sean M. 
Published: November 2013

Summary

Integral projection models (IPMs) use information on how an individual's state influences its vital rates – survival, growth and reproduction – to make population projections. IPMs are constructed from regression models predicting vital rates from state variables (e.g. size or age) and covariates (e.g. environment). By combining regressions of vital rates, an IPM provides mechanistic insight into emergent ecological patterns such as population dynamics, species geographic distributions or life‐history strategies.

Here, we review important resources for building IPMs and provide a comprehensive guide, with extensive R code, for their construction. IPMs can be applied to any stage‐structured population; here, we illustrate IPMs for a series of plant life histories of increasing complexity and biological realism, highlighting the utility of various regression methods for capturing biological patterns. We also present case studies illustrating how IPMs can be used to predict species' geographic distributions and life‐history strategies.

IPMs can represent a wide range of life histories at any desired level of biological detail. Much of the strength of IPMs lies in the strength of regression models. Many subtleties arise when scaling from vital rate regressions to population‐level patterns, so we provide a set of diagnostics and guidelines to ensure that models are biologically plausible. Moreover, IPMs can exploit a large existing suite of analytical tools developed for matrix projection models.
Does social defeat mediate the association between childhood trauma and psychosis? Evidence from the NEMESIS‐2 Study
Authors: van Nierop M. , van Os J. , Gunther N. , van Zelst C. , de Graaf R. , ten Have M. , van Dorsselaer S. , Bak M. , Myin‐Germeys I. , van Winkel R. 
Published: November 2013

ObjectiveBased on theoretical considerations and animal studies, mediation of ‘social defeat’ (SD) in the association between childhood trauma (CT) and psychosis was investigated.MethodTrained interviewers administered a structured interview assessing CT, psychotic experiences and other psychopathology in 6646 participants in the second Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study (NEMESIS‐2).ResultsChildhood trauma was associated with psychotic experiences making up the extended psychosis phenotype (EPP), as well as with a diagnosis of psychotic disorder (PD). Similarly, CT was associated with a priori selected items indexing SD (discouraged, hopeless, worthless, loss of self‐confidence, low self‐esteem, better off dead, suicidal thoughts) and with a measure of affective dysregulation (AD), which in turn were also associated with psychosis. While SD and AD individually acted as mediators in the association between CT and EPP, only SD acted as a mediator in the association between CT and PD. Cannabis use did not mediate the association between CT and EPP or PD.ConclusionThe present results suggest a developmental model implicating SD as an important mediator in the link between childhood adverse experiences and later development of psychotic experiences. The combined mediation by SD and AD is compatible with an ‘affective pathway’ to early psychosis.
Can modern input use be promoted without subsidies? An analysis of fertilizer in Ethiopia
Authors: Rashid Shahidur , Tefera Nigussie , Minot Nicholas , Ayele Gezahegn 
Published: November 2013

AbstractFertilizer use in Ethiopia has nearly quintupled since official elimination of direct input subsidies in the early 1990s. During this time, policies changed from liberalization, with both private and public sector participation, to a government monopoly over imports along with exclusive marketing through farmers’ cooperatives. This article presents estimates of detail costs and margins in the value chain, econometrically derived profitability and yield responses, as well as costs of the government's fertilizer promotion policies. Results suggest that (a) irrespective of the methods of calculation, fertilizer use in major cereal is profitable; (b) while there is no official subsidy program, fertilizer promotion has involved large fiscal costs—estimated at US$40 million per year since 2008; and (c) there has been a mismatch between government's policy targets and the effective fertilizer demand, resulting in large carryover stock with estimated implicit costs of US$30 million per year during 2008–2011. Areas of policy attention, value chain improvements, and ongoing efforts to improve for fertilizer use and profitability are discussed.
Preterm lambs given intravenous dopamine show increased dopamine in their cerebrospinal fluid
Authors: Olhager Elisabeth , Nold‐Petry Claudia A , Joshi Mandar S , Doery James CG , Samarasinghe Thilini , Walker Adrian M , Wong Flora Y 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAimDopamine is used as an inotropic medication in preterm infants. The preterm human blood brain barrier (BBB) is permeable to intravascular dopamine, and the impact of exogenous dopamine on the preterm brain remains unknown. The preterm lamb model may be suitable for studying the cerebral impact of dopamine therapy whether its BBB permeability is similar to preterm human infants. We aimed to examine BBB permeability to exogenous dopamine in the preterm lamb, by measuring dopamine levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).MethodsNine preterm foetal lambs (125–130 days, term = 147 days) were given either dopamine at 10 μg/kg/min (dopamine, n = 4) or saline (control, n = 5). CSF, and plasma samples were taken for dopamine assay.ResultsThe median (range) baseline CSF dopamine level for the combined control and dopamine groups (n = 9) was 0.10(0.03–0.16) ng/mL, and baseline plasma dopamine was 0.30(0.13–0.84) ng/mL. The dopamine lambs showed increase in CSF dopamine to 3.91(1.87–11.35) ng/mL with plasma dopamine increased to 14.2 (9.1–57.9) ng/mL. No change was found in the control lambs.ConclusionIn the preterm lamb, the BBB permeability and pharmacokinetics to dopamine infusion are similar to findings in the preterm human infant, supporting applicability of the preterm lamb model for studying effects of dopamine infusion in the preterm human brain.
Effect of fibrosis on adverse events in patients with hepatitis C treated with telaprevir
Authors: Bichoupan K. , Schwartz J. M. , Martel‐Laferriere V. , Giannattasio E. R. , Marfo K. , Odin J. A. , Liu L. U. , Schiano T. D. , Perumalswami P. , Bansal M. , Gaglio P. J. , Kalia H. , Dieterich D. T. , Branch A. D. , Reinus J. F. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryBackgroundData about adverse events are needed to optimise telaprevir‐based therapy in a broad spectrum of patients.AimTo investigate adverse events of telaprevir‐based therapy in patients with and without advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis in a real‐world setting.MethodsData on 174 hepatitis C‐infected patients initiating telaprevir‐based therapy at Mount Sinai and Montefiore medical centres were collected. Biopsy data and FIB‐4 scores identified patients with advanced fibrosis. Multivariable fully adjusted models were built to assess the effect of advanced fibrosis on specific adverse events and discontinuation of treatment due to an adverse event.ResultsPatients with (n = 71) and without (n = 103) advanced fibrosis were similar in BMI, ribavirin exposure, gender, prior treatment history, haemoglobin and creatinine, but differed in race. Overall, 47% of patients completed treatment and 40% of patients achieved SVR. Treated patients with and without advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis had similar rates of adverse events; advanced fibrosis, however, was independently associated with ano‐rectal discomfort (P = 0.03). Three patients decompensated and had advanced fibrosis. The discontinuation of all treatment medications due to an adverse event was significantly associated with older age (P = 0.01), female gender (P = 0.01) and lower platelets (P = 0.03).ConclusionsAdverse events were common, but were not significantly related to the presence of advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis. More critical monitoring in older and female patients with low platelets throughout treatment may reduce adverse event‐related discontinuations.
Changing ethnic identities among the Kuy in Cambodia: Assimilation, reassertion and the making of Indigenous identity
Authors: Swift Peter 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe Kuy are one of the largest Indigenous groups in Cambodia. Though they are extremely similar to the Khmer in terms of physical appearance and material culture, a significant distinction between the two groups continues to be maintained. At the same time, assimilation into the Khmer identity has been a dominant trend among the Kuy for a considerable time and appears to be related to the relatively lower status of the Kuy identity. However, over the past decade or more, some people have begun to reassert a Kuy identity, driven by awareness of benefits of identifying as Kuy and a lessening of the stigmatisation of the Kuy identity. Following the introduction in Cambodia of the concept of Indigenous Peoples, ‘Indigenous’ has become an ethnic identity that more and more Kuy are assuming and within which they are becoming prominent. It is associated with a broader Indigenous community inside and outside of Cambodia which is becoming increasingly respected. The Indigenous identity has been able to inspire pride and confidence in a way that the Kuy identity has not and has played an important role in letting people of Kuy ancestry ‘become Kuy’.
Kuy alterities: The struggle to conceptualise and claim Indigenous land rights in neoliberal Cambodia
Authors: Keating Neal B. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBased primarily on fieldwork with Kuy peoples in Rovieng District, Preah Vihear Province, this article examines contemporary Indigeneity in Cambodia as an emergent heterogeneous and polythetic identity vis‐à‐vis the changing nature of the state, and suggests that a more substantive political engagement with Indigenous identity and history offers a pluricultural reframing of the world heritage of Cambodia and a possible source of alternative land regimes that are more sustainable and equitable than the current dominant neoliberal model of land concessions. Although the 2001 Cambodian National Land Law holds critical significance for Indigenous Peoples in pursuit of communal land rights, it has largely failed to protect rights because of (i) persistent discrimination against groups now claiming Indigenous identities, embedded in state procedures of Indigenous identity and land registration; and (ii) the state's demonstrated embrace of land concession regimes as the preferred strategy of economic development. The Delcom mining concession of Kuy lands provides one example of the destructive impacts of this strategy. An examination of the evidence of Kuy peoples' history suggests that their classification as ethnic minorities is of recent origins, and that in the past they played more active roles in Cambodian state‐building projects.
Low‐wage migrants in northwesternBeijing,China: The hikers in the urbanisation and growth process
Authors: Liu Ran , Wong Tai‐Chee , Liu Shenghe 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn the post‐Mao era from the 1980s, market reforms have seen profit‐led neoliberal forces being introduced intoChina's urban spatial movements. In supporting such movements, labour mobility is allowed but the hukou system has been retained to prevent urban informality and slum formation and to control municipal public expenses. Without residency permits granted by the host cities, low‐wage rural migrants enjoy little ‘right to the city’ and are deprived of local welfare and benefits. They often become ‘drifting tenants’, frequently driven by urban renewal, rising rentals and change of jobs. This study examines the spatial effect of causes (residency system) and consequences (frequent shifts in residence) experienced by low‐skilled and low‐wage migrants. A survey was conducted fromFebruary to mid‐April 2011 in northwesternBeijing's Great Zhongguancun area which shows the marginalised state of displaced migrant tenants. This includes their adaptations to change, the pattern, causes and history of their intra‐city mobility.
Good works and God's work: A case study of Churches and community development in Vanuatu
Authors: Clarke Matthew 
Published: November 2013

AbstractEighty per cent of the world's population profess religious faith, making religious belief a common human characteristic found in all cultures and societies. Within development studies' literature and practice, religion and faith have been largely ignored or misunderstood. While religious organisations are primarily concerned with providing spiritual leadership, an interest in the physical welfare of their communities is also a core aspect of their existence. Within Vanuatu, an important community space is the church building with a range of community development activities taking place within it. This case study considers how community development activities are incorporated into the daily ministries of Christian Churches in Vanuatu, including the use of church buildings as the location for these activities.
Place of desire: Skilled migration from mainland China to post‐colonial Hong Kong
Authors: Wang Cangbai 
Published: November 2013

AbstractUntil very recently the motivation of skilled migration has been largely explained from neo‐classically oriented world views coupled with an institutional focus that pays major attention to how skilled migration is driven by (economic) globalisation and sustained by inter‐ or intra‐company economic and social connections. Little is said about how dream and aspiration have shaped migration plans and choices of destination. Although the recent development of academic literature witnesses a shift away from a narrow focus on economic logics to the human face of transnational skills, the issue of desire only accidentally emerges in most discussions. Based on in‐depth interviews with mainland Chinese professional migrants in post‐colonial Hong Kong, this paper foregrounds the notion of ‘desire’ as a conceptual vehicle to interweave economic, political and cultural dimensions within the same frame to understand the intentions and dynamics of skilled migration, and to link decision‐making at the individual level to a broader geo‐politics and geo‐economies in which migration takes place. In‐depth interviews reveal that apart from economic and career considerations, decisions to migrate were marked by aspiration and fantasy associated with cultural imagination of post‐colonial Hong Kong embedded in discourses of place, border and nationhood that go beyond the specific issue of China–Hong Kong migration.