bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimation of sweet cherry antioxidant activity and anthocyanin content during ripening by artificial neural network–assisted image processing technique
Authors: Taghadomi‐Saberi Saeedeh , Omid Mahmoud , Emam‐Djomeh Zahra , Ahmadi Hojjat 
Published: November 2012

SummaryThis paper presents a new approach for estimating antioxidant activity and anthocyanin content at ripening stages of sweet cherry by combining image processing and artificial neural network (ANN) techniques. The system was consisted of a CCD camera, fluorescent lights, capture card and MATLAB software. Anthocyanin content and antioxidant activity were determined by pH differential and 2, 2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl methods, respectively. It was found that anthocyanin content was constantly increased during ripening stages, and antioxidant activity decreased during the early stages of development but increased from stage five. Several ANN models were designed and tested. Among these networks, a two hidden layer network with 11‐6‐20‐1 architecture had the highest correlation coefficient (R = 0.965) and the lowest value of mean square error (MSE) (215.4) for modelling anthocyanin content. Similarly, a two hidden layer network with 11‐14‐9‐1 architecture had the highest correlation coefficient (R = 0.914) and the lowest value of MSE (0.070) for modelling antioxidant activity.
Properties of encapsulated wasabi flavour and its application in canned food
Authors: Ratanasiriwat Phuthiya , Worawattanamateekul Wanchai , Klaypradit Wanwimol 
Published: November 2012

SummaryThe encapsulated wasabi flavour prepared from 100% modified starch (HICAP™ 100), HICAP™ 100: maltodextrin (1:1), HICAP™ 100:CAPSUL (1:1) at various flavouring agent concentrations (10, 15 or 20% w/w) was determined for physicochemical properties. All encapsulated treatments were stored at various relative humidity (RH) levels (11%, 33% and 52% RH) and intervally evaluated for encapsulation efficiency (EE) during 60 days of storage. Microcapsules of 20% wasabi flavour derived from the mixture of HICAP™ 100 with maltodextrin and HICAP™ 100 with CAPSUL demonstrated excellent properties including low moisture content, acceptable flowing properties, surface appearance and EE. The release rate of encapsulated flavour increased as the RH increased for most encapsulated treatments. A difference‐from‐control test was conducted to evaluate the magnitude of wasabi‐flavour retention added in the canned tuna spread. The intensity of wasabi‐flavour retention in the canned tuna spread with encapsulated flavour agents added was higher than that of the samples without flavour encapsulation.
Physicochemical and functional properties of flours from three Black gram (Phaseolus mungo L.) cultivars
Authors: Wani Idrees A. , Sogi Dalbir S. , Gill Balmeet S. 
Published: November 2012

SummaryFlours processed from three black gram cultivars (Mash1‐1, PU‐19 and T‐9) were studied for proximate composition, physicochemical and functional properties. Protein, fat, ash and crude fibre content varied significantly (P ≤ 0.05) from 24.5 – 28.4%, 1.1–1.4%, 2.7–3.3% and 2.7–3.4%, respectively, among the cultivars. Significant differences were also observed in other physicochemical properties. Pasting properties like peak viscosity, breakdown viscosity and setback viscosity were in the range of 2078.7–2473.0 cP, 644.0–863.7 cP and 588.3–804.0 cP, respectively. Textural profile analysis of flour gels displayed significant differences in hardness (13.0–18.9 g), gumminess (2.8–5.9 g), chewiness (2.0–5.7 g) and adhesiveness (21.0–40.9 g). Differential scanning calorimetry revealed starch gelatinisation from 63.5 to 75.6 °C and amylose lipid complex melting from 105.0 to 136.1 °C. Protein solubility profile in the pH range of 2–9 varied from 6.3 to 97.3%. Emulsifying activity index and Emulsifying stability index at pH 3, 5 and 7 varied correspondingly from 6.0 to 14.5 m2 g−1 and 18.8 to 64.9 min. Foaming capacity of 2% flour suspensions at pH 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 varied significantly from 67.3 to 130% among the cultivars. Foam stability varied at different pH and was observed between 0 and 70.8% among the cultivars.
Optimisation of acid extraction of pectin from sweet potato residues by response surface methodology and its antiproliferation effect on cancer cells
Authors: Zhang Yan‐Yan , Mu Tai‐Hua , Zhang Miao 
Published: November 2012

SummaryThe response surface methodology was employed to study the acid extraction of pectin from sweet potato residues. The effects of extraction temperature, extraction time, solutionpHand liquid/solid ratio on yield and galacturonic acid content of pectin were investigated. Experimental data were fitted to quadratic polynomial models and analysed using appropriate statistical methods. The determined optimum conditions were extraction temperature 93 °C, extraction time 2.2 h, solutionpH1.7 and liquid/solid ratio (v/w) 30:1. Under these conditions, the experimental extraction yield and galacturonic acid content of pectin were 5.09% and 70.03% (w/w), which were in good agreement with predicted values, 5.08% and 69.40%, respectively. In addition, sweet potato pectin exhibited remarkable antiproliferation effects on human colon cancer cells HT‐29 and human breast cancer cells Bcap‐37 by 46.64% and 42.64% at 1.00 mg mL−1separately, indicating that it could potentially be used as a natural supplement in functional foods.
Effect of heating fatty fish: Baltic herring (Clupea harengus membras), European sprat (Sprattus sprattus) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) on lipid oxidation and contents of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids
Authors: Domiszewski Zdzislaw 
Published: November 2012

SummaryIn this study, analyses were carried out to establish the impact of heating three species of fatty fish: trouts, herrings and sprats, on the lipids oxidation and on contents of eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids. The comminuted fish tissue was heated at restricted access of oxygen at temperature of 60, 100 and 160 °C for 15–120 min. Lipids, extracted with the Bligh‐Dyer method, were determined for peroxide value (PV) and anisidine value (AV). The Fatty acid methyl esters were prepared directly from the tissue, whereas contents of EPA and DHA were determined with the GC/MS method. Depending on the temperature applied, 15‐min heating of fish meat tissue caused 30–80% decrease of PN and 20–40% decrease of AV, on average. Generally, the continued heat treatment caused successive decreases in both PV and AV and the rate of this process was observed to increase along with an increasing temperature. The heating of trout and sprats at temperature of 60, 100 and 160 °C even for 1–2 h did not evoke losses either in EPA or in DHA content. In turn, in the case of herring caught during the pre‐spawning season, ca. 90–120 min of heat treatment contributed to ca. 20–25% decrease in contents of these fatty acids.
A study of variation in the tendency for postharvest discoloration in a lettuce (Lactuca sativa) diversity set
Authors: Atkinson Laura D. , Hilton Howard W. , Pink David A. C. 
Published: November 2012

SummaryLettuce as a component of processed salad packs often suffers from pinking or browning discoloration on leaf surfaces within a few days after harvest limiting product shelf life. A lettuce diversity set representing the primary gene pool was used to investigate phenotypic variation for postharvest discoloration. Discoloration of minimally processed lettuce was assessed using material harvested from a replicated field trial. Significant variation for pinking and browning was recorded (P < 0.001). Rates of discoloration were specific to lettuce type, however potential for pinking or browning within a type varied. Interestingly, accessions were significantly more susceptible to browning (P < 0.05) early postharvest (day 1) but significantly more susceptible to pinking (P < 0.05) during later stages (days 6, 9 and 13). The results indicate that there is a genetic basis for this phenotypic variation and this natural allelic variation could be exploited through breeding to develop discoloration resistant cultivars, consequently minimising pre‐ and postharvest treatments and reducing food wastage.
Latest treatment for lower urinary tract dysfunction: Therapeutic agents and mechanism of action
Authors: Yamaguchi Osamu 
Published: November 2012

Abstract: Recent studies suggest that antimuscarinics might suppress bladder afferent activity by blocking muscarinic receptors in the urothelium, myofibroblasts and detrusor, thereby improving overactive bladder symptoms. β3‐Adrenoceptors are predominantly expressed in the human bladder and mediate relaxation of detrusor muscle. β3‐Adrenoceptor agonists increase bladder capacity and prolong micturition interval. It is assumed that β3‐adrenoceptor agonists could exert an inhibitory effect on bladder afferent through β3‐adrenoceptors in the urothelium and detrusor, which eventually improve the symptom of urgency. Mirabegron is a potent and selective β3‐adrenoceptor agonist. A Japanese phase 3 study showed that mirabegron has excellent efficacy and safety for treating overactive bladder. α1‐Adrenoceptor antagonists (α1‐blockers) have become a mainstay of male lower urinary tract symptoms treatment. The α1A subtype is known to mediate functional obstruction as a result of benign prostatic enlargement. Recent studies have suggested that α1A‐adrenoceptors are additionally involved in the generation of storage symptoms. The α1D subtype is thought to play a role in the facilitation of voiding reflex; that is; storage symptoms. α1‐Blockers often fail to alleviate overactive bladder symptoms. In this context, combination therapy with α1‐blockers and antimuscarinics has been recommended. Treatment with 5α‐reductase inhibitor for 1 year improves urinary symptoms and flow rate by reducing prostatic volume in men with benign prostatic enlargement. A pooled analysis showed that the long‐term (2 or 4 years) treatment with 5α‐reductase inhibitor reduced the rate of progression to acute urinary retention and surgery. Combination therapy with 5α‐reductase inhibitor and α1‐blocker was shown to provide a rapid improvement in lower urinary tract symptoms, and reduce the relative risk of acute urinary retention and benign prostatic hyperplasia‐related surgery. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors might target a nitric oxide–cyclic guanosine monophosphate pathway in the prostate, urethra and bladder. Phosphodiesterase‐5 inhibitors (sildenafil or tadalafil) were shown to provide clinically relevant improvements in both male lower urinary tract symptoms and erectile dysfunction.
Crossing Borders, Crossing Seas: The Philippines, Gender and the Bounding of Cumulative Causation
Authors: Loebach Peter , Korinek Kim 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn this study, we assess how the composition of migrant workers varies with migration prevalence within Filipino communities. Specifically, we test the hypothesis of past cumulative causation scholars that increased migration prevalence results in a decline in migrant selectivity. The Philippines has a social, political and geographical context that differs from that of many other countries characterized by high migration. In this study, we consider whether these different contexts and contingencies might alter the process by which the social phenomenon of cumulative causation occurs. Multiple fixed‐effects models were estimated at the municipality level, with the dependent variable in each model being a demographic characteristic related to the propensity to migrate: marital status, age, sex and years of education. We find, consistent with cumulative causation theory as posited by Douglas S. Massey, that increased migration prevalence did yield a decline in selectivity for education and marital status. However, migration prevalence had no effect on the gender composition of migrants, while time did impact the gender composition, suggesting sustained selectivity by gender attributable to global demand for specifically gendered, migrant labour.
Internal Migration and Spanish Regional Convergence (1972–1998)
Authors: Larramona Gemma , Sanso Marcos 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to study the relationship between internal migration and Spanish regional convergence between 1972 and 1998, a period between the mass emigration prior to the 1970s and the mass immigration of the end of the twentieth century. The main results indicate that internal migration led to a fall in Spanish regional development gaps. However, internal migration did not lead to the disappearance of these gaps in the long term. Some regions will always receive workers, others will send them out and a third group will experience a sequence of migration reversals. The econometric methodology used allows us to identify structural breaks and to differentiate between long‐ and short‐term effects. This approach enables predictions to be made for internal migration flows in the long term in the absence of shocks.
Impact of two pulmonary enteral formulations on nutritional indices and outcomes
Authors: Cohen D. A. , Byham‐Gray L. , Denmark R. M. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundEnteral nutrition formulas enriched with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and gamma‐linolenic acid (GLA) may modulate inflammatory processes and improve outcomes in mechanically‐ventilated patients with respiratory failure. The present study aimed to determine whether there were differences in nutritional indices (protein intake, energy intake, fat intake) and outcomes [days on mechanical ventilation, days in the intensive care unit (ICU)] between mechanically‐ventilated subjects who received a standard pulmonary enteral formula compared to those who received an EPA/GLA enriched pulmonary enteral formula.MethodsData on 50 adult subjects who were admitted to an ICU in a community hospital who required both mechanical ventilation and enteral nutrition support were collected (n = 19 in the standard enteral formula group; n = 31 in the EPA/GLA‐enriched enteral formula group). The present study involved both retrospective and prospective data.ResultsSubjects who were provided the EPA/GLA enriched enteral formula received significantly more enteral formula volume (P = 0.011), total fat (P < 0.0005) and total energy (P = 0.017) than subjects who were provided the standard enteral formula. When controlling for the effects of enteral formula volume, total fat intake and total energy intake as confounding variables, there were no significant differences between the enteral formula groups in ICU days (P = 0.440) or hours spent on mechanical ventilation (P = 0.410).ConclusionsThe use of a specialised pulmonary enteral formulation did not result in any statistically significant effects on ICU days and hours on mechanical ventilation. Subjects who were on the specialised formula did receive more enteral formula volume and more total energy intake, which may be clinically important. Further clinical studies are needed to address the impact that a specialised pulmonary enteral formula has on ICU stay and ventilator hours.
Parent and teacher perceptions of participation and outcomes in an intensive communication intervention for children with pragmatic language impairment
Authors: Baxendale Janet , Lockton Elaine , Adams Catherine , Gaile Jacqueline 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundTreatment trials that enquire into parents’ and teachers’ views on speech–language interventions and outcomes for primary school‐age children are relatively rare. The current study sought perceptions of the process of intervention and value placed on outcomes resulting from a trial of intervention, the Social Communication Intervention Project (SCIP), for children with communication disorders characterized by persistent needs in pragmatics and social use of language.AimsAims: To describe parent and teacher views around the process and experience of participating in SCIP intervention, including aspects of collaborative practice; and to gain understanding of parents’ and teachers’ perceptions of communication outcomes for children who had received intervention.Methods & ProceduresParents and teachers of eight children in the intervention arm of the SCIP study participated in semi‐structured interviews with a researcher within 2 months of completion of SCIP intervention. The framework method of analysis was used to explore predetermined themes based around a list of topics informed by previous thinking and experience of the research.Outcomes & ResultsParents and teachers perceived liaison with the SCIP speech and language therapist as being an important element of the intervention. Indirect approaches to liaison with parents were perceived as effective in transferring information as were brief meetings with teachers. Teachers and parents were able to make explicit links between therapy actions and perceived changes in the child. Work on comprehension monitoring and emotional vocabulary was perceived to be particularly effective with respect to communication outcomes. Parents also reflected that they had adopted different strategies towards communication and behaviour in the home as a result of intervention. The limits of potential change in terms of child communication in areas such as non‐verbal communication and pragmatic skills were discussed by parents.Conclusions & ImplicationsThis analysis has contributed essential information to the evaluation of SCIP by describing the experience of the intervention as delivered, exploring processes of effective implementation and change in the school setting and by describing the value placed on different outcomes by parents and teachers. These findings can inform planning for collaborations between speech and language therapists and teachers and provide useful information about mechanisms of change in different components of the SCIP intervention which have not been individually evaluated before. Information on changes in children's communication skills which were perceived as meaningful to those living and working with the children daily is crucial to the acceptance and translation of the SCIP intervention into practice.
Fiskalpolitik und Finanzmärkte: Perspektiven für Forschung und Wirtschaftspolitik
Authors: Müller Gernot 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe conduct of fiscal policy has been altered considerably in the context of the global financial crisis, that is, at times when financial markets conditions were extraordinary turbulent. Yet financial market conditions determine how fiscal impulses are transmitted through the economy and, eventually, the size of the fiscal multiplier. I develop a comprehensive perspective on how financial market conditions alter the effects of fiscal policy on economic activity within a New Keynesian framework. Drawing on historical as well as systematic considerations, I distinguish a scenario of 1) “normal times” characterized by smoothly operating financial markets, 2) financial markets characterized by tight credit conditions in the private sector and constraints on monetary policy and 3) financial markets, in addition, characterized by high sovereign risk. I argue that the size and even the sign of the multiplier may differ across these scenarios.
Treatment errors resulting from use of lasers and IPL by medical laypersons: results of a nationwide survey
Authors: Hammes Stefan , Karsai Syrus , Metelmann Hans‐Robert , Pohl Laura , Kaiser Kathrine , Park Bo‐Hyun , Raulin Christian 
Published: November 2012

SummaryBackground: The demand for hair and tattoo removal with laser and IPL technology  (intense pulsed light technology) is continually increasing. Nowadays these treatments are often carried out by medical laypersons without medical supervision in franchise companies, wellness facilities, cosmetic institutes and hair or tattoo studios. This is the first survey is to document and discuss this issue and its effects on public health.Patients and methods: Fifty patients affected by treatment errors caused by medical laypersons with laser and IPL applications were evaluated in this retrospective study. We used a standardized questionnaire with accompanying photographic documentation. Among the reports there were some missing or no longer traceable parameters, which is why 7 cases could not be evaluated.Results: The following complications occurred, with possible multiple answers:  81.4% pigmentation changes, 25.6% scars, 14% textural changes and 4.6% incorrect information. The sources of error (multiple answers possible) were the following:  62.8% excessively high energy, 39.5% wrong device for the indication, 20.9% treatment of patients with darker skin or marked tanning, 7% no cooling, and 4.6% incorrect information.Conclusions: The causes of malpractice suggest insufficient training, inadequate diagnostic abilities, and promising unrealistic results. Direct supervision by a medical specialist, comprehensive experience in laser therapy, and compliance with quality guidelines are prerequisites for safe laser and IPL treatments. Legal measures to make such changes mandatory are urgently needed.
Gonorrhea: Data on antibiotic resistance and accompanying infections at the University Hospital Dresden over a 10‐year time period
Authors: Abraham Susanne , Poehlmann Christoph , Spornraft‐Ragaller Petra 
Published: November 2012

SummaryBackground: Over the last years, growing resistance of gonorrhea to quinolones has emerged worldwide. Currently, cases with resistance to oral and parenteral third‐generation cephalosporins are increasingly reported. Because gonorrhea is not a notifiable infection in Germany, data on epidemiology and antimicrobial surveillance of gonorrhea are scarce. We present the results of N. gonorrhoea testing at the University Hospital Dresden over the course of ten years.Patients and Methods: The results of cultural and nucleic acid amplification testing of gonorrhea and accompanying infections of 1,850 smears between 2001 and 2010 were analyzed retrospectively.Results: Among 181 patients (mean age 30.4 years) 159 had positive PCR analyses for gonorrhea and 50 positive cultures of Neisseria gonorrhoea. The rate of ciprofloxacin resistance was high (in 46% of all isolates), primarily in men. Resistance to cefotaxime and ceftriaxone could not be detected so far. In 40% of the cases at least one accompanying urogenital infection occurred, predominantly with Chlamydia trachomatis.Conclusions: Similar to other regions of Germany, a high percentage of resistance to quinolones was found in gonorrhea, but not to cephalosporins. Additionally, accompanying infections were frequent and warrant screening. In the light of recent cases of resistance to cephalosporins currently emerging in Europe, cultural diagnosis of gonorrhea should definitely be intensified by all means. The results should be integrated into a surveillance system.
Playful explicitness with grammar: a pedagogy for writing
Authors: Myhill Debra , Jones Susan , Watson Annabel , Lines Helen 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe place of grammar within the teaching of writing has long been contested and successive research studies have indicated no correlation between grammar teaching and writing attainment. However, a recent study has shown a significant positive impact on writing outcomes when the grammar input is intrinsically linked to the demands of the writing being taught. The study adopted a mixed methods design with a large‐scale randomised controlled trial accompanied by a qualitative dataset, which provided contextual information about how the intervention was implemented. In this paper, we will outline the pedagogical principles that underpinned the intervention, and illustrate both the theoretical grounding and practical classroom examples that exemplify the approach. We will argue that any future policy or professional development that draws on this research must take account of these pedagogical principles, rather than focusing too superficially on either the grammar or the teaching materials which exemplify them.