bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
British Jobs for British Workers? Negotiating Work, Nation, and Globalisation through the Lindsey Oil Refinery Disputes
Authors: Ince Anthony , Featherstone David , Cumbers Andrew , MacKinnon Danny , Strauss Kendra 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis paper explores the relationships between labour organising, globalisation and national identity through an engagement with the 2009 Lindsey Oil Refinery strikes. Some strikers adopted the controversial slogan ‘British Jobs for British Workers’ in response to employers' attempts to undercut existing wages and conditions with a new migrant workforce. This led to accusations of xenophobia. We make three inter‐related arguments. First, we contend that it is necessary to interrogate the spatialised power relations generated through particular forms of labour agency enacted in relation to globalising processes. Second, since these responses can be politically ambiguous, success in territorially based disputes does not always equate with broader (transnational) class agency. Third, relevant to the project of labour geography, we propose that labour scholars and activists be more attuned to the mundane ambiguities in labour agency, and the subsequent need to frame local action within a broader relational politics of global labour solidarity.
Social anxiety, submissiveness, and shame in men and women: A moderated mediation analysis
Authors: Zimmerman Jacob , Morrison Amanda S. , Heimberg Richard G. 
Published: May 2014

ObjectivesResearch suggests a positive relationship between social anxiety and shame; however, few studies have examined this relationship or potential mechanisms. Common behaviours of persons with social anxiety disorder (SAD), such as submissive behaviours, may be more consistent with societal expectations of women than men and therefore more likely to be associated with shame in socially anxious men than women. We examined the hypothesis that submissive behaviours would mediate the relationship between social anxiety and shame in men, but not in women, withSAD.DesignModerated mediation was examined in a cross‐sectional dataset. Gender was modeled to moderate the paths from social anxiety to submissive behaviours and from submissive behaviours to shame. We also examined an alternative model of the relationships among these variables and the potential contributory role of depression.MethodsMen (n = 48) and women (n = 40) withSADcompleted the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale, Submissive Behaviour Scale, Internalized Shame Scale, and Beck Depression Inventory.ResultsAnalyses supported the hypothesized model. The relationship between submissive behaviours and shame was greater in men than women withSAD; the relationship between social anxiety and submissive behaviours was not. Controlling for depression, moderation remained evident although diminished. Results for the comparison model did not support gender moderation.ConclusionsSubmissive behaviours mediated the relationship between social anxiety and shame in men, but not women, withSAD. These findings provide preliminary evidence for a model of shame inSADand may help to further elucidate specific features ofSADthat differ between men and women.Practitioner pointsAlthough researchers have argued that the display of submissive behaviours might allow the socially anxious individual to limit or prevent attacks on the self, our results suggest that there are greater costs, with regard to feelings of shame, associated with such behaviours for men.In men withSAD, the greater shame associated with submissive behaviours can be understood when considering that socially anxious individuals appear to be particularly concerned with concealing aspects of the self believed to violate perceived societal norms and that traditional masculine gender roles revolve around the theme of dominance.Because the study was conducted in individuals withSAD, it is possible that the restricted range of social anxiety severity may have precluded the observation of gender differences in the relationship between social anxiety and submissive behaviour.Measures were administered in a cross‐sectional design, which limits potential inferences of causality.
National and international guidelines for rectal cancer
Authors: Nielsen L. B. J. , Wille‐Jørgensen P. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAimRectal cancer is a common malignancy. Differences in daily practice may influence the morbidity and mortality, and many national and international organizations have created guidelines for staging and treatment of rectal cancer. Even though consensus is reached within individual guidelines, this might not be the case between guidelines. No formal evaluation of the contrasting guidance has been reported.MethodA systematic search for national and international guidelines on rectal cancer was performed. Eleven guidelines were identified for further analysis.ResultsThere was no consensus concerning the definition of rectal cancer. Ten of the 11 guidelines use the TNM staging system and there was general agreement regarding the recommendation of MRI and CT in rectal cancer. There was consensus concerning a multidisciplinary approach, preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and total mesorectal excision (TME). There was no consensus concerning local treatment of T1 tumours and adjuvant therapy, and not all guidelines included metastatic disease and recurrence. There was no consensus on the protocol for follow up. The guidelines had different approaches to evidence. All referred to evidence but not all considered the level of evidence.ConclusionThe intention of the study was to provide an overview of international guidelines for rectal cancer based on the underlying evidence, but despite hard evidence it was very difficult to reach general conclusions. Despite much knowledge, there is no international consensus on guidelines for the staging and treatment of rectal cancer.
Relationship between plasma chemerin levels and disease severity in COPD patients
Authors: Boyuk Banu , Guzel Eda C. , Atalay Hande , Guzel Savas , Mutlu Levent C. , Kucukyalçin Volkan 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackground and AimsChronic inflammation of the lung is a characteristic finding in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The protein chemerin has been identified in inflammatory fluid and in inflamed tissues. This study aimed to determine the association between serum chemerin levels and the severity of COPD.MethodsForty‐three COPD patients and 38 healthy subjects were enrolled in this study. Fasting plasma samples were obtained from the patient and the control group. Serum chemerin levels were measured using a commercial enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. C‐reactive protein levels, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and fibrinogen analysis were used to assess the inflammation status of the patients. Spirometric measurements with reversibility testing were performed in all the subjects.ResultsSerum chemerin levels were significantly elevated in the COPD patients (6.44 ± 0.52 vs 5.22 ± 0.59; P < 0.001). A Mann–Whitney U‐test revealed that the serum chemerin levels of stage 2 COPD patients were higher than those of stage 1 and 3 COPD patients (P = 0.651). Cigarette smoking and plasma chemerin relation was also understudied; however, there was no significant relationship between current smokers and ex‐smokers (P > 0.05). Pearson's correlation analysis indicated that serum chemerin levels were positively correlated only with total cholesterol (T. cholesterol) (P < 0.05, r = 0.382). In the linear regression analysis, chemerin levels were associated with age (β = 0.321), triglycerides (β = 0.299) and T. cholesterol (β = 0.555).ConclusionOur study points to a relation between plasma chemerin levels and COPD. Larger patient groups are needed to verify the role of chemerin in the severity of COPD.
Pulmonary tuberculosis combined with hepatic tuberculosis: a case report and literature review
Authors: Liao Jiang‐Rong , Zhang Dan , Wu Xue‐Ling 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackground and AimsTuberculosis, a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, may invade all organs but mainly affect lungs. Most hepatic tuberculosis could be a part of systemic miliary tuberculosis.MethodsWe reported a case of pulmonary tuberculosis combined with hepatic tuberculosis and reviewed the relevant literature.ResultsA 40‐year‐old Chinese male with fatigue for half a year and cough as well as night sweat for 2 months was admitted to our hospital. The chest computed tomography (CT) showed multiple nodules combined with bronchial stenosis and lymphadenectasis in the mediastina at the right hilum of lung. The epigastrium CT showed lumps in the liver and retroperitoneal lymphadenectasis in the peritoneal cavity. The abdominal color Doppler ultrasound revealed lumps in the liver. The lung and liver puncture biopsy revealed granulomatous lesions, chronic inflammatory changes in the strip‐like fibrous tissues and plenty of caseification, all of which suggest the diagnosis of tuberculosis.ConclusionHepatic tuberculosis is usually associated with atypical clinical manifestations. Imageological examination combined with imaging‐guided fine needle aspiration biopsy may be the best method for the confirmed diagnosis.
Limited granulomatosis with polyangiitis in an adolescent with Crohn's disease on infliximab therapy: cause or coincidence?
Authors: Arora Harbir , Madani Shailender , Debelenko Larisa V. , McGrath Eric J. , Mutyala Ramakrishna , Guglani Lokesh 
Published: May 2014

AbstractPulmonary involvement in Crohn's disease (CD) may precede the development of intestinal inflammation, but in most cases occurs during the course of treatment, either as an extra‐intestinal manifestation, because of secondary infections, or as a side effect of the therapy itself. This case highlights the differential diagnosis and work up for multiple pulmonary nodules that developed in a patient with CD who had been in remission on infliximab therapy. Even though infectious causes, such as Mycobacteria and Fungi, account for majority of these cases, the possibility of non‐infectious conditions such as autoimmune disorders should also be considered.
Attention‐deficit‐hyperactivity disorder increases risk of bone fracture: a population‐based cohort study
Authors: Chou I‐Ching , Lin Che‐Chen , Sung Fung‐Chang , Kao Chia‐Hung 
Published: May 2014

AimAttention‐deficit‐hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a disorder that is associated with accidental injuries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between ADHD and bone fracture in children.MethodThe study cohort comprised 3640 children (2874 males, 766 females; mean age 8y 5mo, SD 3y) with ADHD (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision) who were matched to children without ADHD at a ratio of 1:4 (n=14 560; 11 496 males, 3064 females; mean age 8y 5mo, SD 3y). A Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was conducted to estimate how ADHD affected the risk of bone fracture.ResultsThe incidence of fracture among the ADHD cohort was 197.67 per 10 000 person‐years, and was 1.3‐fold greater than in the comparison cohort (147.54 per 10 000 person‐years). The risk in children with ADHD was higher than that in children without ADHD (p value for log‐rank test < 0.001). After adjusting for potential confounding factors, the ADHD cohort was 1.32 times more likely to have bone fracture accidents than the comparison cohort (hazard ratio, 1.32; 95% confidence interval 1.17–1.49).InterpretationChildren with ADHD have a higher risk of experiencing bone fracture accidents than do children without ADHD.
Trophic disruption: a meta‐analysis of how habitat fragmentation affects resource consumption in terrestrial arthropod systems
Authors: Martinson Holly M. , Fagan William F. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractHabitat fragmentation is a complex process that affects ecological systems in diverse ways, altering everything from population persistence to ecosystem function. Despite widespread recognition that habitat fragmentation can influence food web interactions, consensus on the factors underlying variation in the impacts of fragmentation across systems remains elusive. In this study, we conduct a systematic review and meta‐analysis to quantify the effects of habitat fragmentation and spatial habitat structure on resource consumption in terrestrial arthropod food webs. Across 419 studies, we found a negative overall effect of fragmentation on resource consumption. Variation in effect size was extensive but predictable. Specifically, resource consumption was reduced on small, isolated habitat fragments, higher at patch edges, and neutral with respect to landscape‐scale spatial variables. In general, resource consumption increased in fragmented settings for habitat generalist consumers but decreased for specialist consumers. Our study demonstrates widespread disruption of trophic interactions in fragmented habitats and describes variation among studies that is largely predictable based on the ecological traits of the interacting species. We highlight future prospects for understanding how changes in spatial habitat structure may influence trophic modules and food webs.
A large‐scale field assessment of carbon stocks in human‐modified tropical forests
Authors: Berenguer Erika , Ferreira Joice , Gardner Toby Alan , Aragão Luiz Eduardo Oliveira Cruz , De Camargo Plínio Barbosa , Cerri Carlos Eduardo , Durigan Mariana , Oliveira Raimundo Cosme De , Vieira Ima Célia Guimarães , Barlow Jos 
Published: May 2014

AbstractTropical rainforests store enormous amounts of carbon, the protection of which represents a vital component of efforts to mitigate global climate change. Currently, tropical forest conservation, science, policies, and climate mitigation actions focus predominantly on reducing carbon emissions from deforestation alone. However, every year vast areas of the humid tropics are disturbed by selective logging, understory fires, and habitat fragmentation. There is an urgent need to understand the effect of such disturbances on carbon stocks, and how stocks in disturbed forests compare to those found in undisturbed primary forests as well as in regenerating secondary forests. Here, we present the results of the largest field study to date on the impacts of human disturbances on above and belowground carbon stocks in tropical forests. Live vegetation, the largest carbon pool, was extremely sensitive to disturbance: forests that experienced both selective logging and understory fires stored, on average, 40% less aboveground carbon than undisturbed forests and were structurally similar to secondary forests. Edge effects also played an important role in explaining variability in aboveground carbon stocks of disturbed forests. Results indicate a potential rapid recovery of the dead wood and litter carbon pools, while soil stocks (0–30 cm) appeared to be resistant to the effects of logging and fire. Carbon loss and subsequent emissions due to human disturbances remain largely unaccounted for in greenhouse gas inventories, but by comparing our estimates of depleted carbon stocks in disturbed forests with Brazilian government assessments of the total forest area annually disturbed in the Amazon, we show that these emissions could represent up to 40% of the carbon loss from deforestation in the region. We conclude that conservation programs aiming to ensure the long‐term permanence of forest carbon stocks, such as REDD+, will remain limited in their success unless they effectively avoid degradation as well as deforestation.
Association of anxiety, sleepiness, and sexual dysfunction with restless legs syndrome in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Dikici Suber , Bahadir Anzel , Baltaci Davut , Ankarali Handan , Eroglu Mustafa , Ercan Nurten , Sav Tansu 
Published: May 2014

AbstractRestless legs syndrome (RLS) is characterized by unpleasant sensations, pain in the legs along with irresistible urges to move the legs when at rest. It is often accompanied by sleep disturbance. The purpose of this study was to assess the association of anxiety and sleepiness with sexual function in hemodialysis patients with and without RLS. Sociodemographic parameters, laboratory data of hemodialysis patients from three dialysis centers were collected prospectively. Anxiety, sleepiness, sexual function, and presence of RLS symptoms were assessed with standardized questionnaires as the RLS Diagnosis and Scale, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Arizona Sex Experiences Scale (ASEX). Univariate, regression tree method were used for statistical analysis. RLS was observed in 45.9% (n = 113) of hemodialysis patients (n = 246). The mean age of patients and duration of hemodialysis were 59.7 ± 14.0 and 4.9 ± 4.2 years, respectively. The correlation between Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale (ASEX) and sociodemographic features was significant (P < 0.0001). Patients with RLS had higher scores for anxiety (9.4 ± 7.8 with RLS and 6.8 ± 6.0 without), higher ESS (ESS, 6.6 ± 5.2 with RLS and 4.6 ± 4.0 without), and higher ASEX (24.6 ± 5.7 with RLS and 22.5 ± 6.8 without) than did those without RLS. The presence of RLS symptoms in hemodialysis patients was associated with sleepiness, anxiety, and sexual dysfunction. A regression tree method, which is a different statistical method, can help physicians estimate patients ASEX, RLS, ESS, and anxiety scores.
Assessment of subjective and hemodynamic tolerance of different high‐ and low‐flux dialysis membranes in patients undergoing chronic intermittent hemodialysis: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Bianchi Giorgia , Salvadé Vanja , Lucchini Barbara , Schätti‐Stählin Sibylle , Salvadé Igor , Burnier Michel , Gabutti Luca 
Published: May 2014

AbstractClinical experience and experimental data suggest that intradialytic hemodynamic profiles could be influenced by the characteristics of the dialysis membranes. Even within the worldwide used polysulfone family, intolerance to specific membranes was occasionally evoked. The aim of this study was to compare hemodynamically some of the commonly used polysulfone dialyzers in Switzerland. We performed an open‐label, randomized, cross‐over trial, including 25 hemodialysis patients. Four polysulfone dialyzers, A (Revaclear high‐flux, Gambro, Stockholm, Sweden), B (Helixone high‐flux, Fresenius), C (Xevonta high‐flux, BBraun, Melsungen, Germany), and D (Helixone low‐flux, Fresenius, Bad Homburg vor der Höhe, Germany), were compared. The hemodynamic profile was assessed and patients were asked to provide tolerance feedback. The mean score (±SD) subjectively assigned to dialysis quality on a 1–10 scale was A 8.4 ± 1.3, B 8.6 ± 1.3, C 8.5 ± 1.6, D 8.5 ± 1.5. Kt/V was A 1.58 ± 0.30, B 1.67 ± 0.33, C 1.62 ± 0.32, D 1.45 ± 0.31. The low‐ compared with the high‐flux membranes, correlated to higher systolic (128.1 ± 13.1 vs. 125.6 ± 12.1 mmHg, P < 0.01) and diastolic (76.8 ± 8.7 vs. 75.3 ± 9.0 mmHg; P < 0.05) pressures, higher peripheral resistance (1.44 ± 0.19 vs. 1.40 ± 0.18 s × mmHg/mL; P < 0.05) and lower cardiac output (3.76 ± 0.62 vs. 3.82 ± 0.59 L/min; P < 0.05). Hypotension events (decrease in systolic blood pressure by >20 mmHg) were 70 with A, 87 with B, 73 with C, and 75 with D (P < 0.01 B vs. A, 0.05 B vs. C and 0.07 B vs. D). The low‐flux membrane correlated to higher blood pressure levels compared with the high‐flux ones. The Helixone high‐flux membrane ensured the best efficiency. Unfortunately, the very same dialyzer correlated to a higher incidence of hypotensive episodes.
Association between the organoleptic scores, oral condition and salivary β‐galactosidases in children affected by halitosis
Authors: Petrini M , Costacurta M , Ferrante M , Trentini P , Docimo R , Spoto G 
Published: May 2014

AbstractObjectivesThe goal of this work is to evaluate the association between organoleptic scores, oral condition and salivary β‐galactosidases, to facilitate the differential diagnosis of halitosis in children.MethodsFifty systemically healthy children with a primary complaint of oral malodour were included in this cross‐sectional study. The organoleptic evaluation was carried out by two judges, evaluating the intensity of malodour of the air exhaled 5 s through the mouth of the patients, at a distance of approximately 10 cm from their noses; the level of salivary β‐galactosidases was quantified spectrophotometrically after a chromatic reaction between a salivary sample of each patient and a specific chromatic substrate of the enzyme. Clinical conditions, such as visible plaque and gingival bleeding index, tongue coating score, localized food stagnation and other oral parameters, were evaluated by qualified dentists through an oral check‐up.ResultsThe β‐galactosidase level was significantly related to the organoleptic scores and clinical parameters, such as the tongue coating score and the visible plaque index. Stratifying results with respect to the different phase of the day at which parents complained halitosis in their children, statistical analysis showed that the organoleptic scores and the level of β‐galactosidases were significantly higher in children who suffered of halitosis during the whole day, A = 40%, with respect to those without this problem, N = 20% (P = 0.001 and P = 0.006, respectively).ConclusionsCertain oral parameters such as halitosis during the whole day, high tongue coating score and high visible plaque index were particularly associated with an increase in the salivary β‐galactosidase level.
Micro‐computed tomography evaluation of the removal of calcium hydroxide medicament from C‐shaped root canals of mandibular second molars
Authors: Ma J. Z. , Shen Y. , Al‐Ashaw A. J. , Khaleel H. Y. , Yang Y. , Wang Z. J. , Peng B. , Haapasalo M. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAimTo use micro‐computed tomography (μ‐CT) to evaluate the amount of calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] remaining in the C‐shaped root canals of mandibular second molars after attempting to remove it with passive ultrasonic and sonic irrigation.MethodologyThirty mandibular second molars, 15 in C1 and 15 in C2 configurations as first identified by μ‐CT, were divided into three groups (five C1 and five C2 in each group) for the three irrigation methods. All teeth were prepared to ProTaper Universal F2 and filled with Ca(OH)2 paste. The Ca(OH)2 was removed with F2 files and irrigation without agitation or with agitation using either EndoActivator or ultrasonics. μ‐CT was used to measure the initial amount of Ca(OH)2 present. After removal of Ca(OH)2, μ‐CT imaging was used to assess the percentage of volume of residual Ca(OH)2 in the canal. Data were analysed using one‐way anova test.ResultsThere was no significant difference in the mean volume of the root canal systems after instrumentation amongst the three groups. The three irrigation techniques left 2–17% of Ca(OH)2 in the root canals after removal. The mean volume of the remaining Ca(OH)2 was higher in the group without agitation than in the groups with sonic or ultrasonic agitation (P < 0.05). In the apical third, 68% of the canal space remained occupied by Ca(OH)2 when no agitation was used, whereas 28% and 31% remained filled by Ca(OH)2 in the EndoActivator and ultrasonic groups, respectively. There was no significant difference in the amount of residual Ca(OH)2 between the EndoActivator and ultrasonic groups. The proportion of remaining Ca(OH)2 in the apical canals was higher than in the middle and coronal canals in all groups (P < 0.05).ConclusionsA considerable proportion of the apical canal space remained filled with Ca(OH)2 in the C‐shaped root canals after instrumentation and conventional needle irrigation. Although combining rotary instrumentation and irrigation with sonic or ultrasonic agitation reduced the amount of residual Ca(OH)2 in the C‐shaped root canals, the large amount of calcium hydroxide in the critical apical area remains a concern. Alternative strategies should be considered in medication of the apical canal in C‐shaped teeth.