bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Oil‐Palm Plantations on Diversity of Tropical Anurans
Authors: FARUK AISYAH , BELABUT DAICUS , AHMAD NORHAYATI , KNELL ROBERT J. , GARNER TRENTON W. J. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAgriculturally altered vegetation, especially oil‐palm plantations, is rapidly increasing in Southeast Asia. Low species diversity is associated with this commodity, but data on anuran diversity in oil‐palm plantations are lacking. We investigated how anuran biological diversity differs between forest and oil‐palm plantation, and whether observed differences in biological diversity of these areas is linked to specific environmental factors. We hypothesized that biological diversity is lower in plantations and that plantations support a larger proportion of disturbance‐tolerant species than forest. We compared species richness, abundance, and community composition between plantation and forest areas and between site types within plantation and forest (forest stream vs. plantation stream, forest riparian vs. plantation riparian, forest terrestrial vs. plantation terrestrial). Not all measures of biological diversity differed between oil‐palm plantations and secondary forest sites. Anuran community composition, however, differed greatly between forest and plantation, and communities of anurans in plantations contained species that prosper in disturbed areas. Although plantations supported large numbers of breeding anurans, we concluded the community consisted of common species that were of little conservation concern (commonly found species include Fejervarya limnocharis, Microhyla heymonsi, and Hylarana erythrea). We believe that with a number of management interventions, oil‐palm plantations can provide habitat for species that dwell in secondary forests.Efectos de las Plantaciones de Palma de Aceite sobre la Diversidad de Anuros Tropicales Faruk et al.
Dynamic Simulation and Static Matching for Action Prediction: Evidence From Body Part Priming
Authors: Springer Anne , Brandstädter Simone , Prinz Wolfgang 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAccurately predicting other people's actions may involve two processes: internal real‐time simulation (dynamic updating) and matching recently perceived action images (static matching). Using a priming of body parts, this study aimed to differentiate the two processes. Specifically, participants played a motion‐controlled video game with either their arms or legs. They then observed arm movements of a point‐light actor, which were briefly occluded from view, followed by a static test pose. Participants judged whether this test pose depicted a coherent continuation of the previously seen action (i.e., “action prediction task”). Evidence of dynamic updating was obtained after compatible effector priming (i.e., arms), whereas incompatible effector priming (i.e., legs) indicated static matching. Together, the results support action prediction as engaging two distinct processes, dynamic simulation and static matching, and indicate that their relative contributions depend on contextual factors like compatibility of body parts involved in performed and observed action.
Treatment delay and pathways to care in early psychosis
Authors: Ehmann Tom S. , Tee Karen A. , MacEwan G.W. , Dalzell Kacey L. , Hanson Laura A. , Smith Geoff N. , Kopala Lili C. , Honer William G. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the treatment delay associated with community and inpatient pathways into care for persons experiencing a first episode of psychosis.MethodsA total of 104 clients entering a specialized early psychosis intervention (EPI) program and their family members were assessed for help‐seeking behaviours, psychiatric symptoms, level of functioning and duration of untreated psychosis (DUP).ResultsDUP (median = 30.5 weeks) was associated with younger age of onset, poorer engagement with the EPI program and more severe symptoms. Almost one‐third of clients had four or more contacts before receiving antipsychotic medication or entering the EPI program and one in five received interventions not specifically indicated for psychosis. Referrals directly involving family members accounted for about 81% of hospital‐initiated treatment (39% of all referrals) and 46% of community‐initiated treatment (61% of all referrals). Community entry was associated with longer DUP, more time‐seeking treatment, younger age of onset, younger age at referral, greater likelihood of receiving other medication or counselling before receiving antipsychotic medication, schizophrenia, less severe symptoms and less substance use in the previous year. Those with schizophrenia showed no differences across pathway type for time‐seeking treatment, being provided interventions not specifically indicated for psychosis after onset or rates of substance use.ConclusionsTreatment delay and the provision of interventions not specifically indicated for psychosis may be increased in first‐episode populations who are younger and have less severe symptoms. Improving literacy about early psychosis in both professionals and families merits greater attention.
Broadening the early intervention paradigm: a one stop shop for youth
Authors: Lee Vivian Wing Woon , Murphy Brendan Patrick 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAim:Despite recognition of the early onset and disease burden of mental and substance use disorders in young people, poor access to services persists. A new youth outreach clinic, with principles consistent with the early intervention paradigm and intake criteria not linked to presumptive diagnostic status, was set up within an existing youth hub. The service development and early service delivery are described.Methods:The particulars of the clinic, including location, service recipients and service delivery structure, were conceptualized and implemented. A service model based on secondary and primary consultations and up to six sessions of treatment was adopted to maximize the number of referrers and clients the clinic could service.Results:Twenty referrals were received by the clinic in the first 2 months. The clients' ages ranged from 14 to 21 with just less than half under 18 years of age. Clients had complex mixes of symptomatology that fulfilled multiple diagnoses.Conclusions:The described model of service delivery can help improve accessibility, fulfil gaps in current youth mental health delivery, and build the capacity of non‐tertiary level services. This is consistent with the early intervention paradigm.
Very long‐lasting remission of refractory T‐large granular lymphocytes leukemia and myeloma by lenalidomide treatment
Authors: Pelliccia Sabrina , Di Napoli Arianna , Naso Virginia , Alma Eleonora , Rebecchini Caterina , Cox Maria C. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundLarge granular lymphocyte leukemias (LGLLs) represent a spectrum of biologically distinct lymphoproliferative diseases originating from either mature T cells (CD3+) or natural killer (NK) cells (CD3−). Both T‐cell and NK‐cell LGL leukemia can manifest as indolent or aggressive neoplasia. These rare lymphoproliferative disorders are often associated with autoimmune diseases and impaired hematopoiesis. Symptomatic patients are treated with immunosuppressive drugs. The co‐association of T‐LGLL with clonal B‐cell disorders is reported in more than 10% of patients.Case presentationWe describe the case of a 57‐yr‐old white male patient with no history of autoimmune disorders, with refractory T‐LGLL and myeloma who was treated with bortezomib and subsequently with lenalidomide. After 30 months of on‐going lenalidomide therapy, the patient is in partial remission from myeloma and in continuous complete hematological remission from T‐LGLL.ConclusionsAs far as we know, this is the first report of a patient with refractory T‐LGLL treated with bortezomib and lenalidomide. As refractory T‐LGLL is a challenging condition, we think that lenalidomide and bortezomib deserve further investigation.
Comparative steady‐state pharmacokinetic evaluation of immediate‐release topiramate and USL255, a once‐daily extended‐release topiramate formulation
Authors: Bialer Meir , Shekh‐Ahmad Tawfeeq , Braun Tricia L. , Halvorsen Mark B. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryPurposeCompare the pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles of immediate‐ and extended‐release formulations of topiramate (TPM) in healthy subjects following multiple dosing, and evaluate maintenance of topiramate exposures after switching formulations.MethodsA randomized, open‐label, single‐center, two‐way crossover, multiple‐dose study comparing the steady‐state PK profile of once‐daily extended‐release topiramate (USL255) to immediate‐release topiramate (TPM‐IR) administered twice‐daily. The TPM PK profile was evaluated using standard PK parameters (e.g., AUC0–24, Cmax, Cmin) as well as less common PK criteria such as fluctuation index (FI), peak occupancy time (POT), and percent coefficient of variation (%CV). In addition, partial AUC (AUCp) analyses provided comparisons of the AUC profiles over predetermined time intervals between TPM‐IR and USL255. Pharmacokinetic equivalence between formulations was defined as containment of the 90% confidence intervals (CIs) of the USL255/TPM‐IR geometric least‐squares mean (GLSM) ratio within the equivalence limits of 80–125%. The effect of switching between treatments was assessed by evaluating equivalence of PK parameters between the day prior to formulation switch and the day immediately following formulation switch. Maintenance of steady state after switching formulations was also evaluated by comparing the slope between Cmin values at formulation switch and 24 h postswitch. Tolerability was evaluated through adverse event monitoring, vital sign measurements, and clinical laboratory evaluations.Key FindingsUSL255 was well tolerated and provided TPM plasma exposure equivalent to TPM‐IR at various time intervals. USL255 also demonstrated a significantly lower Cmax (p < 0.001) and higher Cmin (p < 0.001), longer tmax, lower %CV, and 26% decreased FI, as compared with TPM‐IR. Further, switching between TPM‐IR and USL255 did not affect TPM concentrations, including Cmin, immediately after transitioning and at steady state.SignificanceAs compared with TPM‐IR, USL255 provided equivalent plasma exposure with an extended absorption profile. Therefore, USL255 offers a once‐daily alternative to twice‐daily TPM‐IR, with reduced TPM fluctuations.
Virulence evolution of a generalist plant virus in a heterogeneous host system
Authors: Betancourt Mónica , Escriu Fernando , Fraile Aurora , García‐Arenal Fernando 
Published: May 2013

AbstractModelling virulence evolution of multihost parasites in heterogeneous host systems requires knowledge of the parasite biology over its various hosts. We modelled the evolution of virulence of a generalist plant virus, Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) over two hosts, in which CMV genotypes differ for within‐host multiplication and virulence. According to knowledge on CMV biology over different hosts, the model allows for inoculum flows between hosts and for host co‐infection by competing virus genotypes, competition affecting transmission rates to new hosts. Parameters of within‐host multiplication, within‐host competition, virulence and transmission were determined experimentally for different CMV genotypes in each host. Emergence of highly virulent genotypes was predicted to occur as mixed infections, favoured by high vector densities. For most simulated conditions, evolution to high virulence in the more competent Host 1 was little dependent on inoculum flow from Host 2, while in Host 2, it depended on transmission from Host 1. Virulence evolution bifurcated in each host at low, but not at high, vector densities. There was no evidence of between‐host trade‐offs in CMV life‐history traits, at odds with most theoretical assumptions. Predictions agreed with field observations and are relevant for designing control strategies for multihost plant viruses.
Energy acquisition and allocation to egg production in relation to fish reproductive strategies
Authors: McBride Richard S , Somarakis Stylianos , Fitzhugh Gary R , Albert Anu , Yaragina Nathalia A , Wuenschel Mark J , Alonso‐Fernández Alexandre , Basilone Gualtiero 
Published: May 2013

AbstractOogenesis in fishes follows a universal plan; yet, due to differences in the synchrony and rate of egg development, spawning frequency varies from daily to once in a lifetime. Some species spawn and feed in separate areas, during different seasons, by storing energy and drawing on it later for reproduction (i.e. capital breeding). Other species spawn using energy acquired locally, throughout a prolonged spawning season, allocating energy directly to reproduction (i.e. income breeding). Capital breeders tend to ovulate all at once and are more likely to be distributed at boreal latitudes. Income breeding allows small fish to overcome allometric constraints on egg production. Income breeders can recover more quickly when good‐feeding conditions are re‐established, which is a benefit to adults regarding bet‐hedging spawning strategies. Many species exhibit mixed capital‐ and income‐breeding patterns. An individual's position along this capital–income continuum may shift with ontogeny or in relation to environmental conditions, so breeding patterns are a conditional reproductive strategy. Poor‐feeding environments can lead to delayed maturation, skipped spawning, fewer spawning events per season or fewer eggs produced per event. In a few cases, variations in feeding environments appear to affect recruitment variability. These flexible processes of energy acquisition and allocation allow females to prioritize their own condition over their propagules' condition at any given spawning opportunity, thereby investing energy cautiously to maximize lifetime reproductive value. These findings have implications for temporal and spatial sampling designs, for measurement and interpretation of fecundity, and for interpreting fishery and ecosystem assessments.
Bacterial abundance and composition in marine sediments beneath the Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica
Authors: Carr S. A. , Vogel S. W. , Dunbar R. B. , Brandes J. , Spear J. R. , Levy R. , Naish T. R. , Powell R. D. , Wakeham S. G. , Mandernack K. W. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractMarine sediments of the Ross Sea, Antarctica, harbor microbial communities that play a significant role in the decomposition, mineralization, and recycling of organic carbon (OC). In this study, the cell densities within a 153‐cm sediment core from the Ross Sea were estimated based on microbial phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) concentrations and acridine orange direct cell counts. The resulting densities were as high as 1.7 × 107 cells mL−1 in the top ten centimeters of sediments. These densities are lower than those calculated for most near‐shore sites but consistent with deep‐sea locations with comparable sedimentation rates. The δ13C measurements of PLFAs and sedimentary and dissolved carbon sources, in combination with ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene pyrosequencing, were used to infer microbial metabolic pathways. The δ13C values of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in porewaters ranged downcore from −2.5‰ to −3.7‰, while δ13C values for the corresponding sedimentary particulate OC (POC) varied from −26.2‰ to −23.1‰. The δ13C values of PLFAs ranged between −29‰ and −35‰ throughout the sediment core, consistent with a microbial community dominated by heterotrophs. The SSU rRNA gene pyrosequencing revealed that members of this microbial community were dominated by β‐, δ‐, and γ‐Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi and Bacteroidetes. Among the sequenced organisms, many appear to be related to known heterotrophs that utilize OC sources such as amino acids, oligosaccharides, and lactose, consistent with our interpretation from δ13CPLFA analysis. Integrating phospholipids analyses with porewater chemistry, δ13CDIC and δ13CPOC values and SSU rRNA gene sequences provides a more comprehensive understanding of microbial communities and carbon cycling in marine sediments, including those of this unique ice shelf environment.
Developing a diagnostic model for estimating terrestrial vegetation gross primary productivity using the photosynthetic quantum yield and Earth Observation data
Authors: Ogutu Booker O. , Dash Jadunandan , Dawson Terence P. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis article develops a new carbon exchange diagnostic model [i.e. Southampton CARbon Flux (SCARF) model] for estimating daily gross primary productivity (GPP). The model exploits the maximum quantum yields of two key photosynthetic pathways (i.e. C3 and C4) to estimate the conversion of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation into GPP. Furthermore, this is the first model to use only the fraction of photosynthetically active radiation absorbed by photosynthetic elements of the canopy (i.e. FAPARps) rather than total canopy, to predict GPP. The GPP predicted by the SCARF model was comparable to in situ GPP measurements (R2 > 0.7) in most of the evaluated biomes. Overall, the SCARF model predicted high GPP in regions dominated by forests and croplands, and low GPP in shrublands and dry‐grasslands across USA and Europe. The spatial distribution of GPP from the SCARF model over Europe and conterminous USA was comparable to those from the MOD17 GPP product except in regions dominated by croplands. The SCARF model GPP predictions were positively correlated (R2 > 0.5) to climatic and biophysical input variables indicating its sensitivity to factors controlling vegetation productivity. The new model has three advantages, first, it prescribes only two quantum yield terms rather than species specific light use efficiency terms; second, it uses only the fraction of PAR absorbed by photosynthetic elements of the canopy (FAPARps) hence capturing the actual PAR used in photosynthesis; and third, it does not need a detailed land cover map that is a major source of uncertainty in most remote sensing based GPP models. The Sentinel satellites planned for launch in 2014 by the European Space Agency have adequate spectral channels to derive FAPARps at relatively high spatial resolution (20 m). This provides a unique opportunity to produce global GPP operationally using the Southampton CARbon Flux (SCARF) model at high spatial resolution.
Thermal controls of Yellowstone cutthroat trout and invasive fishes under climate change
Authors: Al‐Chokhachy Robert , Alder Jay , Hostetler Steven , Gresswell Robert , Shepard Bradley 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWe combine large observed data sets and dynamically downscaled climate data to explore historic and future (2050–2069) stream temperature changes over the topographically diverse Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (elevation range = 824–4017 m). We link future stream temperatures with fish growth models to investigate how changing thermal regimes could influence the future distribution and persistence of native Yellowstone cutthroat trout (YCT) and competing invasive species. We find that stream temperatures during the recent decade (2000–2009) surpass the anomalously warm period of the 1930s. Climate simulations indicate air temperatures will warm by 1 °C to >3 °C over the Greater Yellowstone by mid‐21st century, resulting in concomitant increases in 2050–2069 peak stream temperatures and protracted periods of warming from May to September (MJJAS). Projected changes in thermal regimes during the MJJAS growing season modify the trajectories of daily growth rates at all elevations with pronounced growth during early and late summer. For high‐elevation populations, we find considerable increases in fish body mass attributable both to warming of cold‐water temperatures and to extended growing seasons. During peak July to August warming, mid‐21st century temperatures will cause periods of increased thermal stress, rendering some low‐elevation streams less suitable for YCT. The majority (80%) of sites currently inhabited by YCT, however, display minimal loss (<10%) or positive changes in total body mass by midcentury; we attribute this response to the fact that many low‐elevation populations of YCT have already been extirpated by historical changes in land use and invasions of non‐native species. Our results further suggest that benefits to YCT populations due to warmer stream temperatures at currently cold sites could be offset by the interspecific effects of corresponding growth of sympatric, non‐native species, underscoring the importance of developing climate adaptation strategies that reduce limiting factors such as non‐native species and habitat degradation.
Community end‐of‐life care amongChinese older adults living in nursing homes
Authors: Chu Leung‐Wing , So Jason C , Wong Lai‐Chin , Luk James KH , Chiu Patrick KC , Chan Cherry SY , Kwan Fiona SM , Chau June , Hui Elsie , Woo Jean , McGhee Sarah M 
Published: May 2013

AimThe aim of the present study was to investigate the preference and willingness‐to‐pay (WTP) of olderChinese adults for community end‐of‐life care in a nursing home rather than a hospital.MethodsA total of 1540 olderChinese adults from 140 nursing homes were interviewed. Four hypothetical questions were asked to explore their preferences for end‐of‐life care. Using a discrete choice approach, specific questions explored acceptable trade‐offs between three attributes: availability of doctors onsite, attitude of the care staff and additional cost of care per month.ResultsApproximately 35% of respondents preferred end‐of‐life care in the nursing home, whereas 23% of them would consider it in a better nursing home. A good attitude of staff was the most important attribute of the care site. Respondents were willing to pay an extra cost ofUS$5 (HK$39) per month for more coverage of doctor's time, andUS$49 (HK$379) for a better attitude of staff in the nursing home. The marginalWTPfor both more coverage of doctor's time and better attitude of staff amounted toUS$54 (HK$418). Respondents on government subsidy valued the cost attribute more highly, as expected, validating the hypothesis that those respondents would be less willing to pay an additional cost for end‐of‐life care.ConclusionsOlderChinese adults living in nursing homes are willing to pay an additional fee for community end‐of‐life care services in nursing homes. Both the availability of the doctor and attitudes of nursing home staff are important, with the most important attribute being the staff attitudes.GeriatrGerontolInt 2013; 14: 273–284.
Falls and fractures in participants and excluded non‐participants of a fall prevention exercise program for elderly women with a history of falls: 1‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Kim Hunkyung , Yoshida Hideyo , Suzuki Takao 
Published: May 2013

AimTo evaluate the effectiveness of a strength and balance enhancing exercise intervention as a means of preventing falls in community‐dwelling elderly Japanese women with a history of falls, while comparing functional fitness, fall and fracture rate in excluded subjects.MethodsA 1‐year follow‐up trial was carried out on 105 participants over the age of 70 years, who were randomly assigned to the exercise or education group, and also on 91 women excluded based on the exclusion criteria. The exercise group attended a 60‐min exercise class twice a week for 3 months. Falls, injuries, fractures, and functional fitness assessments were measured at baseline, post‐intervention and 1‐year follow up.ResultsDuring the follow up, fall rates were 19.6% in the exercise group, 40.4% in the education group and 40.8% in excluded subjects (χ2 = 7.069, P = 0.029). Compared with the exercise group, the odds ratio (OR) for falls was greater in the education group (OR 2.78, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.17–6.96) and excluded participants (OR 2.83, 95%CI 1.25–6.80). The OR for fractures was over fourfold greater in excluded participants (OR 4.30, 95% CI 1.02–9.70) than the exercise group.ConclusionsThe exercise intervention for participants with fall history effectively decreased incidences of falls and fractures. However, fall and fracture rates in excluded people were high. Further research focusing on feasible countermeasures for falls in excluded people who are at high risk of fractures is required. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2013; 14: 285–292.