bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE SCHOOL FEEDING PROGRAMME STRATEGIES AND LEARNER PARTICIPATION IN PUBLIC PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN MAKUENI COUNTY, KENYA
Authors: Mwanthi Mary Mbithe , Wafula Charles Misiko , Mbugua John Mwaura 
Published: July 2024

Objective: This paper sought to determine how school feeding programme strategies influence learner participation in public primary schools in Makueni County, Kenya.

Theoretical Framework: The study was anchored on; Social Learning Theory, Abraham Maslow’s Theory of Human Motivation and theory of Change.

Method: Descriptive and correlation research design were employed. The target population was 875 respondents. Data was analyzed using descriptive, and inferential statistics.

Results and Discussion: The findings were; there is no significant relationship between giving nutritious meals and learner participation was rejected from learners’ view but was not rejected as per the Headteachers, Teachers and Chairpersons board of governors’ view, there is no significant relationship among dietary teaching and learner participation was rejected from learners’ view but was not rejected as per the Headteachers, Teachers and Chairpersons board of governors’, there is no significant relationship between regular food supply during school days and learner participation was rejected from learners’ view but was not rejected as per the Headteachers, Teachers and Chairpersons board of governors’ view, there is no significant relationship between small-scale farmers’ engagement and learner participation was not rejected from learners’ view but was rejected as per the Headteachers, Teachers and Chairpersons board of governors’ views.

Research Implications: The study found that learner participation within the study's territory was significantly correlated with the approaches used. The study recommends that Government Ministries of Education, Health and relevant Authorities, Head Teachers, Teachers, Chairpersons -BOM need to provide nutrition meals and dedicate adequate resources to sustain learner participation in Public Primary Schools in Makueni County, Kenya.
Palaeoweathering, Provenance and Hydrothermal Alteration Characteristics of Nahuta Clay, Jos-Plateau, Northcentral Nigeria
Authors: Odewumi S.C. , M.A. Onimisi  , Adeoye M.O. , A.N. Changde  , B.T. Omoyajowo  
Published: July 2024

The geochemical characteristics of Nahuta clay, Jos-Plateau, northcentral Nigeria were obtained to ascertain the provenance, palaeoweathering and hydrothermal alteration characteristics. Clay samples were collected at different horizons. SiO2 contents along the profile show a decrease from the deepest sample to the topmost sample and were consistent with the predicted reduction in SiO2 compositions up-profile associated with weathering. The Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA) values (96.68–99.81%) of Nahuta clays suggest weathering in the area. The SiO2 content and CIA values indicate weathering in Nahuta area. The topmost part of the clay profile increases in Na2O and K2O concentrations and this is against the expected gradual decrease in Na2O and K2O concentrations up-profile which should reflect destruction of plagioclase (K-feldspar) and removal due to weathering. This probably indicates the addition of Na2O and K2O to the clay deposit from other sources, possibly hydrothermal fluids. This is indicative that the process of formation of Nahuta clay is through hydrothermal alteration. Based on the mineralogical compositions (quartz, albite, kaolinite, illite and osumilite), the provenance of Nahuta clay could be associated with hydrothermal alteration and weathering of granitic host rocks.
Edukasi Pencegahan Karies pada Siswa Sekolah Dasar dengan Media Permainan Ular Tangga
Authors: Sawitri Endang , Khumaidi Khumaidi , Diastuti Denti , Wirayuda M. Ade , Hafidhuddin M. Abdul Aziz , Sari Vivi Arsi Arsi Rahmania , Saputri Ni Made Maharani Indira 
Published: July 2024

Karies gigi adalah penyakit yang umum terjadi di masyarakat. Anak-anak merupakan usia yang rentan terjangkit karies gigi, yaitu sebesar 54%. Program ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan sikap tentang pencegahan karies dini dengan sasaran pada siswa kelas satu sekolah dasar yang berjumlah 22 orang. Salah satu upaya untuk menurunkan tingkat kejadian karies adalah melalui penyuluhan dan demonstrasi menggunakan ular tangga. Kegiatan dilaksanakan di SDN 010, Kecamatan Sangasanga, Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara selama satu hari pada tanggal 24 Juli 2023. Hasil yang diperoleh dari kegiatan ini adalah peningkatan rata-rata skor pengetahuan tentang pencegahan karies dari sebelum intervensi (pretest) yaitu 44,09 dan pengetahuan setelah intervensi (post test) yaitu 77,27. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa edukasi berbasis permainan perlu ditingkatkan dan dilaksanakan secara berkesinambungan.Dental caries is a prevalent condition in modern society. Children are the age most susceptible to contracting dental caries, as many as 54%. This program aims to increase knowledge and behavior about preventing early caries, targeting 22 first grade at elementary school students. One effort to reduce the incidence of caries is education and demonstrations using snakes and ladders simulation games. The activity was performed at SDN 010, Sangasanga District, Kutai Kartanegara Regency for one day on July 24 2023. The results of this study is the caries prevention knowledge before intervention (pre test) is 44,09 and after (post test) is 77,27. This founding shows that game-based education needs to be improved and implemented continuously.
Inventarisasi Potensi Tanaman MPTS (Multipurpose Tree Species) dan Pemanfaatannya di Kawasan HKm Buttu Puang Kabupaten Polewali Mandar
Authors: Idris Andi Irmayanti , Aulia Nudia , Irundu Daud 
Published: July 2024

MPTS (Multipurpose Tree Species) plants are plants that have various benefits or functions that can be used for various purposes, usually MPTS plants have more than one function such as wood and non-wood production, soil and water conservation, as well as contributing to social welfare by providing goods and services needed by society, such as food, medicine and traditional industrial raw materials. This plant is planted in various lands including community forests. This research aims to determine the types and index of the importance of MPTS (Multipurpose Tree Species) plants and their use in the Buttu Puang Forest Area. The method used in this research is a quantitative method by calculating an important value index based on established criteria. The results of the research found 14 types of plants, namely Local Durian, Alle Durian, Montong Durian, Garuda Rambutan, Longan Rambutan, Cocoa, Robusta Coffee, Local Langsat, Forest Mango, Clove, Palm Sugar, Avocado, Jackfruit, and Breadfruit. Cocoa plants are the most dominant plants with the highest INP, 81.69, and avocado plants with the lowest INP, 2.85. The interview results show that the most profitable MPTS crops are cocoa and sugar palm.
Keywords: Inventory, Potential, MPTS Plants, Utilization
СТРАТЕГІЧНА ПОЗИЦІЯ РИЗИК-МЕНЕДЖМЕНТУ СОЦІАЛЬНИХ ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙ В УМОВАХ ВОЄННОГО СТАНУ
Authors: Aleshchenko V. , Tulenkov M. 
Published: July 2024

<p><strong><em>The aim of the study </em></strong><em>is to determine the content, main functions and strategic positions of risk management of enterprises and organizations in conditions of martial law and to substantiate the conceptual information-logical model of strategic risk management. </em></p><p><strong><em>The research methodology </em></strong><em>is based on the use of a number of scientific approaches, including: systemic, genetic, critical, analytical, structural-functional, comparative and activity-based, to identify external and internal factors influencing the formation of the strategic position of risk management in conditions of martial law, as well as methods of analysis, synthesis, and generalization – to clarify the structural levels of the risk management system of organizations, and forecasting and modeling methods – for constructing an information-logical conceptual model of strategic risk management of modern organizations in conditions of uncertain and risky situations. </em></p><p><strong><em>The results of the study </em></strong><em>consist in determining the substantive parameters, structure, functions, strategic positions, typological features, characteristics and indicators for assessing the effectiveness of risk management of organizations during martial law. </em></p><p><strong><em>The scientific novelty </em></strong><em>of the obtained results lies in the formation of an information-logical conceptual model of risk management of organizational formations and the justification of a system of indicators for assessing its effectiveness during martial law. </em></p><p><strong><em>The practical significance </em></strong><em>of the research results lies in the real possibility of applying the information-logical conceptual model of strategic risk management and the system of indicators for assessing its effectiveness in the practical activities of enterprises and organizations in conditions of martial law. </em></p><p><strong><em>Key words:</em></strong><em> essence and typology of risk, content and nature of organizational risk management, strategic principles of risk management, stages of formation of the strategic position of risk management, strategic models of risk management in conditions of uncertainty, indicators of the effectiveness of risk management in the conditions of martial law.</em></p>
Prevalence of obsessive compulsive disorder among first year medical students in Sylhet division
Authors: Singha Romendra Kumar , Magfur Imdadul , Chowdhury Ahmed Riad , Roy Susmita , Inam Muhammad Sayed , Akhanji Md Mubin Uddin , Das Dipendra Narayan , Paul Siddhartha , Islam Mohammad Shafiul , Singha Swapan Kumar , Basak Pran Krishna , Sayed Md Abdullah , Hasan Mohammad 
Published: July 2024

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic psychiatric disorder. High prevalence of emotional suffering and common mental disorders had been reported among medical students. The academic demands, increased responsibility, competition and lack of leisure time may lead to increased stress and anxiety. There is an immense scarcity of information about this common distressing and disabling disorder in Bangladeshi context. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of OCD among 1st year medical students in Sylhet division and find out other correlates. This was a cross sectional study done from 1st March 2022 to 31st January 2023 where 563 students were consecutively selected as sample; among which 546 retained as sample. A predesigned semi structured questionnaire, Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory - Revised (OCI-R), Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale Bangla (Y-BOCS); Depression, anxiety and stress scale 21 (DASS-21) and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) were used as tools. The results showed that, majority of the participants were female, from government medical college, came from overprotective family and 42% of students never heard of OCD. Obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) was present in 280 (51.28%) and OCD was present among 84 (15.38%) students. Seventy five percent of them had mild to moderate symptom severity. An independent samples t-test was used to compare the mean OCI R score across categorical variables. The t-test was statistically significant for family history of psychiatric illness and those with over protective family. OCS was significantly associated with anxiety, depression and stress and those with positive OCS had higher level of anxiety, depression and stress than those with negative OCS (22% versus 7%; 28% versus 9.2% and 10.4% versus 1.8%). In OCS subscale, ordering (n=51, 20.2%) was most common followed by obsessing (n=50, 19.8%), checking (n=24, 9.5%), hoarding (n=18, 7.1%), washing (n=12, 4.7%) and neutralizing (n=10, 4%). OCD was significantly associated with family history of psychiatric illness (÷2: 21.146; p<0.001) and over protective family (÷2: 19.742; p<0.001). Merit score was not related with DASS-21 score or OCI-R score but a significant correlation was noted between OCI-R and DASS 21 score. Findings of this study hopefully would ensure periodic follow-up of student’s mental health and overall mental health promotion in the community.
Bang J Psychiatry 2023;37(1): 6-13
A one health approach to tackling AMR and why gender matters: findings from pastoralist communities in Tanzania
Authors: Barasa Violet 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionInappropriate use of antimicrobials is a major driver of AMR in low-resource settings, where the regulation of supply for pharmaceuticals is limited. In pastoralist settings in Tanzania, men and women face varying degrees of exposure to antibiotics due to gender relations that shape access and use of antimicrobials. For example, critical limitations in healthcare systems in these settings, including inadequate coverage of health services put people at risk of AMR, as families routinely administer self-treatment at home with antimicrobials. However, approaches to understanding AMR drivers and risk distribution, including the One Health approach, have paid little attention to these gender considerations. Understanding differences in access and use of antimicrobials can inform interventions to reduce AMR risk in community settings. This paper focuses on the gendered risk of AMR through a study of gender and social determinants of access to and use of antimicrobials in low-resource pastoralist settings in Tanzania.MethodsA mixed methods approach involving household surveys, interviews and ethnographic participant observation in homes and sites of healthcare provision was used, to investigate access and administration of antibiotics in 379 adults in Naiti, Monduli district in northern Tanzania. A purposive sampling technique was used to recruit study participants and all data was disaggregated by sex, age and gender.ResultsGender and age are significantly associated with the use of antibiotics without a prescription in the study population. Young people aged 18-24 are more likely to use unprescribed antibiotics than older people and may be at a higher risk of AMR. Meanwhile, although more men purchase unprescribed antibiotics than women, the administration of these drugs is more common among women. This is because men control how women use drugs at the household level.DiscussionAMR interventions must consider the critical importance of adopting and implementing a gender-sensitive One Health approach, as gender interacts with other social determinants of health to shape AMR risk through access to and use of antimicrobials, particularly in resource-limited pastoralist settings.
The causal role of circulating inflammatory markers in osteoporosis: a bidirectional Mendelian randomized study
Authors: Dong Qiu , Wu Jiayang , Zhang Huaguo , Luo Liangping , Wu Wenrui 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundOsteoporosis (OP) associated with aging exerts substantial clinical and fiscal strains on societal structures. An increasing number of research studies have suggested a bidirectional relationship between circulating inflammatory markers (CIMs) and OP. However, observational studies are susceptible to perturbations in confounding variables. In contrast, Mendelian randomization (MR) offers a robust methodological framework to circumvent such confounders, facilitating a more accurate assessment of causality. Our study aimed to evaluate the causal relationships between CIMs and OP, identifying new approaches and strategies for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of OP.MethodsWe analyzed publicly available GWAS summary statistics to investigate the causal relationships between CIMs and OP. Causal estimates were calculated via a systematic analytical framework, including bidirectional MR analysis and Bayesian colocalization analysis.ResultsGenetically determined levels of CXCL11 (OR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.85–0.98, P = 0.008, PFDR = 0.119), IL-18 (OR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.83–0.94, P = 8.66×10–5, PFDR = 0.008), and LIF (OR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.76–0.96, P = 0.008, PFDR = 0.119) were linked to a reduced risk of OP. Conversely, higher levels of ARTN (OR = 1.11, 95% CI = 1.02–1.20, P = 0.012, PFDR = 0.119) and IFNG (OR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.03–1.30, P = 0.013, PFDR = 0.119) were associated with an increased risk of OP. Bayesian colocalization analysis revealed no evidence of shared causal variants.ConclusionDespite finding no overall association between CIMs and OP, five CIMs demonstrated a potentially significant association with OP. These findings could pave the way for future mechanistic studies aimed at discovering new treatments for this disease. Additionally, we are the first to suggest a unidirectional causal relationship between ARTN and OP. This novel insight introduces new avenues for research into diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for OP.
Antibiotic-induced severe cutaneous adverse reactions: a single-center retrospective study over ten years
Authors: Lu Yun , Zhou Lu , Zou Ya , Wei Hua , Zhou Yan , Guo Xirui , Li Qinchuan , Ye Yongqin , Zhang Liwen 
Published: July 2024

ObjectiveSevere cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs) are rare but life-threatening, with antibiotics being the main cause. This retrospective study from a single center was designed to analyze the culprit drugs, clinical features and treatment outcomes of antibiotic-induced SCARs.MethodsWe analyzed cases of antibiotic-induced SCARs in a tertiary hospital in China between January 2013 and January 2024, including Steven-Johnson syndrome (SJS) or Stevens-Johnson syndrome-toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS-TEN) overlap, toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) and acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP). Descriptive analysis of the demographic characteristics, clinical manifestations, treatment and prognosis were carried out.ResultsAmong 354 cases of SCARs, 63 validated antibiotic-related cases were included. Cephalosporins (31.7%), penicillins (25.4%), and quinolones (19.0%) were the most common triggers for SCARs. Overall, liver (50.8%), lungs (31.7%), and kidneys (23.8%) were the most frequently affected organ in SCARs cases. Eight patients (28.6%) in the SJS/SJS-TEN overlap group and 8 patients (80.0%) in the TEN group received combination therapy of corticosteroids and IVIG. Patients with SCARs caused by penicillins or cephalosporins could receive alternative treatments such as lincomamides, quinolones, and tetracyclines. The mortality rate in the TEN group was the highest at 20.0%, followed by the SJS/SJS-TEN overlap group (7.1%), and no deaths were observed in the DRESS and AGEP groups.ConclusionThe identification of the culprit antibiotics and the application of alternative antibiotic therapies are crucial for the management of antibiotic-induced SCARs. If complicated underlying conditions and complications like advanced age, cancer and pneumonia coexist with SCARs, patients might be more at risk for mortality.
Efficacy and safety of stem cell mobilization with etoposide +cytarabine plus G-CSF in poor mobilizers with relapsed or refractory lymphoma
Authors: Zhu Zhijuan , Li Xiaofan , Yuan Xiaohong , Chen Xianling , Lin Ting , Guo Xiangli , Li Nainong 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundAutologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is a potentially curative strategy for relapse or refractory(r/r) aggressive lymphoma. However, a proportion of lymphoma patients who are at high risk of mobilization failure fail to mobilize stem cells and cannot proceed to ASCT. The aim of this study is to explore the efficacy and safety of Etoposide combined with Cytarabine (EA) plus G-CSF mobilization in poor mobilizers (PMs) with r/r aggressive lymphoma.MethodsThis retrospective study analyzed the outcomes of chemo-mobilization based on EA (Etoposide 0.1 g/m2, qd d1~3; AraC 0.5 g/m2, q12h d1~3) in 98 patients with r/r aggressive lymphoma. Of these, 39 patients met the criteria for predicted PMs as proposed by the Gruppo Italiano Trapianto di Midollo Osseo working group.ResultsOf the 39 PMs, 38(97.4%) patents harvested adequate mobilization (≥2×106 CD34+ cells/kg), while 31(79.5%) patients achieved optimal mobilization (≥5×106 CD34+ cells/kg). Overall, the mean number of CD34+ cells/kg collected was 17.99(range: 1.08~83.07) ×106 with an average of 1.4 apheresis sessions, and the number was 15.86(range: 0.37~83.07) ×106 for the first apheresis, respectively. A single apheresis procedure was sufficient to reach the target yield of adequate mobilization in 35(89.7%) PMs, while 76.9% of PMs achieved optimal collection within two apheresis sessions. We observed acceptable hematological toxicity and antibiotic usage exposure in 26 patients with a mean duration of 3.6 days. No grade 4 infection or mobilization-related mortality was recorded. Most patients underwent ASCT and achieved successful hematopoietic recovery with prompt engraftment duration, except for one NK/T-cell lymphoma patient who succumbed to severe septicemia after receiving conditioning chemotherapy.ConclusionOur findings indicate that EA plus G-CSF is an effective and tolerable CD34+ stem cell mobilization strategy for patients with r/r lymphoma, including those predicted to be PMs. This regimen could be an option for patients with r/r lymphoma, particularly those undergoing mobilization for salvage ASCT therapy.
A non-parametric approach to estimate multiplicity of infection and pathogen haplotype frequencies
Authors: Kayanula Loyce , Schneider Kristan Alexander 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionThe presence of multiple genetically distinct variants (lineages) within an infection (multiplicity of infection, MOI) is common in infectious diseases such as malaria. MOI is considered an epidemiologically and clinically relevant quantity that scales with transmission intensity and potentially impacts the clinical pathogenesis of the disease. Several statistical methods to estimate MOI assume that the number of infectious events per person follows a Poisson distribution. However, this has been criticized since empirical evidence suggests that the number of mosquito bites per person is over-dispersed compared to the Poisson distribution. MethodsWe introduce a statistical model that does not assume that MOI follows a parametric distribution, i.e., the most flexible possible approach. The method is designed to estimate the distribution of MOI and allele frequency distributions from a single molecular marker. We derive the likelihood function and propose a maximum likelihood approach to estimate the desired parameters. The expectation maximization algorithm (EM algorithm) is used to numerically calculate the maximum likelihood estimate. ResultsBy numerical simulations, we evaluate the performance of the proposed method in comparison to an established method that assumes a Poisson distribution for MOI. Our results suggest that the Poisson model performs sufficiently well if MOI is not highly over-dispersed. Hence, any model extension will not greatly improve the estimation of MOI. However, if MOI is highly over-dispersed, the method is less biased. We exemplify the method by analyzing three empirical evidence in P. falciparum data sets from drug resistance studies in Venezuela, Cameroon, and Kenya. Based on the allele frequency estimates, we estimate the heterozygosity and the average MOI for the respective microsatellite markers. DiscussionIn conclusion, the proposed non-parametric method to estimate the distribution of MOI is appropriate when the transmission intensities in the population are heterogeneous, yielding an over-dispersed distribution. If MOI is not highly over-dispersed, the Poisson model is sufficiently accurate and cannot be improved by other methods. The EM algorithm provides a numerically stable method to derive MOI estimates and is made available as an R script.