bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unpacking Early Work Experiences of Young Adults With Rheumatic Disease: An Examination of Absenteeism, Job Disruptions, and Productivity Loss
Authors: Jetha Arif , Badley Elizabeth , Beaton Dorcas , Fortin Paul R. , Shiff Natalie J. , Gignac Monique A. M. 
Published: April 2015

ObjectiveTo examine work absenteeism, job disruptions, and perceived productivity loss and factors associated with each outcome in young adults living with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and juvenile arthritis (JA).MethodsOne hundred forty‐three young adults, ages 18–30 years with SLE (54.5%) and JA (45.5%), completed an online survey of work experiences. Demographic, health (e.g., fatigue, disease activity), psychosocial (e.g., independence, social support), and work context (e.g., career satisfaction, job control, self‐disclosure) information was collected. Participants were asked about absenteeism, job disruptions, and perceived productivity loss in the last 6 months. Log Poisson regression analyses examined factors associated with work outcomes.ResultsA majority of participants (59%) were employed and reported a well‐managed health condition. Employed respondents were satisfied with their career progress and indicated moderate job control. More than 40% of participants reported absenteeism, job disruptions, and productivity loss. Greater job control and self‐disclosure, and less social support, were related to a higher likelihood of absenteeism. More disease activity was related to a greater likelihood of reporting job disruptions. Lower fatigue and higher job control were associated with a reduced likelihood of a productivity loss.ConclusionYoung adult respondents with rheumatic disease experienced challenges with employment, including absenteeism, job disruptions, and productivity loss. While related to greater absenteeism, job control could play a role in a young person's ability to manage their health condition and sustain productive employment. Greater attention should also be paid to understanding health factors and social support in early work experiences.
Scope and Limitations of the Intermolecular Furan‐Yne Cyclization
Authors: Zeiler Anna , Ziegler Michael J. , Rudolph Matthias , Rominger Frank , Hashmi A. Stephen K. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractDifferent types of alkynes were reacted with 2,5‐disubstituted furans in order to evaluate the scope of the intermolecular furan‐yne reaction. With ethynyl aryl ethers as starting materials, 2‐phenoxy phenols were accessible in moderate to good yields. A different reaction mode was observed for alkynes bearing electron‐withdrawing substituents. For these starting materials a cis‐selective hydroarylation took place in an anti‐Markovnikov fashion in excellent yields. 1,2‐Diynes turned out to be suitable starting materials as well. Due to the second alkynyl moiety, after an initial phenol synthesis, a subsequent hydro‐alkoxylation by the newly formed phenolic oxygen gives access to benzofurans in a tandem process.magnified image
Controlling the Selectivity of the Surface Plasmon Resonance Mediated Oxidation of p‐Aminothiophenol on Au Nanoparticles by Charge Transfer from UV‐excited TiO2
Authors: Wang Jiale , Ando Romulo A. , Camargo Pedro H. C. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAlthough catalytic processes mediated by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) excitation have emerged as a new frontier in catalysis, the selectivity of these processes remains poorly understood. Here, the selectivity of the SPR‐mediated oxidation of p‐aminothiophenol (PATP) employing Au NPs as catalysts was controlled by the choice of catalysts (Au or TiO2‐Au NPs) and by the modulation of the charge transfer from UV‐excited TiO2 to Au. When Au NPs were employed as catalyst, the SPR‐mediated oxidation of PATP yielded p,p‐dimercaptobenzene (DMAB). When TiO2‐Au NPs were employed as catalysts under both UV illumination and SPR excitation, p‐nitrophenol (PNTP) was formed from PATP in a single step. Interestingly, PNTP molecules were further reduced to DMAB after the UV illumination was removed. Our data show that control over charge‐transfer processes may play an important role to tune activity, product formation, and selectivity in SPR‐mediated catalytic processes.
Neutrophil‐Related Gene Expression and Low‐Density Granulocytes Associated With Disease Activity and Response to Treatment in Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody–Associated Vasculitis
Authors: Grayson Peter C. , Carmona‐Rivera Carmelo , Xu Lijing , Lim Noha , Gao Zhong , Asare Adam L. , Specks Ulrich , Stone John H. , Seo Philip , Spiera Robert F. , Langford Carol A. , Hoffman Gary S. , Kallenberg Cees G. M. , St.Clair E. William , Tchao Nadia K. , Ytterberg Steven R. , Phippard Deborah J. , Merkel Peter A. , Kaplan Mariana J. , Monach Paul A. ,   for the Rituximab in ANCA‐Associated Vasculitis–Immune Tolerance Network Research Group
Published: April 2015

ObjectiveTo discover biomarkers involved in the pathophysiology of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody–associated vasculitis (AAV) and to determine whether low‐density granulocytes (LDGs) contribute to gene expression signatures in AAV.MethodsThe source of clinical data and linked biologic specimens was a randomized controlled treatment trial in AAV. RNA sequencing of whole blood from patients with AAV was performed during active disease at the baseline visit and during remission 6 months later. Gene expression was compared between patients who met versus those who did not meet the primary trial outcome of clinical remission at 6 months (responders versus nonresponders). Measurement of neutrophil‐related gene expression was confirmed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to validate the findings in whole blood. A negative‐selection strategy isolated LDGs from PBMC fractions.ResultsDifferential expression between responders (n = 77) and nonresponders (n = 35) was detected in 2,346 transcripts at the baseline visit (P < 0.05). Unsupervised hierarchical clustering demonstrated a cluster of granulocyte‐related genes, including myeloperoxidase (MPO) and proteinase 3 (PR3). A granulocyte multigene composite score was significantly higher in nonresponders than in responders (P < 0.01) and during active disease than during remission (P < 0.01). This signature strongly overlapped an LDG signature identified previously in lupus (false discovery rate by gene set enrichment analysis <0.01). Transcription of PR3 measured in PBMCs was associated with active disease and treatment response (P < 0.01). LDGs isolated from patients with AAV spontaneously formed neutrophil extracellular traps containing PR3 and MPO.ConclusionIn AAV, increased expression of a granulocyte gene signature is associated with disease activity and decreased response to treatment. The source of this signature is likely LDGs, a potentially pathogenic cell type in AAV.
Repeated Exposure to High‐Frequency Low‐Amplitude Vibration Induces Degeneration of Murine Intervertebral Discs and Knee Joints
Authors: McCann Matthew R. , Patel Priya , Pest Michael A. , Ratneswaran Anusha , Lalli Gurkeet , Beaucage Kim L. , Backler Garth B. , Kamphuis Meg P. , Esmail Ziana , Lee Jimin , Barbalinardo Michael , Mort John S. , Holdsworth David W. , Beier Frank , Dixon S. Jeffrey , Séguin Cheryle A. 
Published: April 2015

ObjectiveHigh‐frequency, low‐amplitude whole‐body vibration (WBV) is being used to treat a range of musculoskeletal disorders; however, there is surprisingly limited knowledge regarding its effect(s) on joint tissues. This study was undertaken to examine the effects of repeated exposure to WBV on bone and joint tissues in an in vivo mouse model.MethodsTen‐week‐old male mice were exposed to vertical sinusoidal vibration under conditions that mimic those used clinically in humans (30 minutes per day, 5 days per week, at 45 Hz with peak acceleration at 0.3g). Following WBV, skeletal tissues were examined by micro–computed tomography, histologic analysis, and immunohistochemistry, and gene expression was quantified using real‐time polymerase chain reaction.ResultsFollowing 4 weeks of WBV, intervertebral discs showed histologic hallmarks of degeneration in the annulus fibrosus, disruption of collagen organization, and increased cell death. Greater Mmp3 expression in the intervertebral disc, accompanied by enhanced collagen and aggrecan degradation, was found in mice exposed to WBV as compared to controls. Examination of the knee joints after 4 weeks of WBV revealed meniscal tears and focal damage to the articular cartilage, changes resembling osteoarthritis. Moreover, mice exposed to WBV also demonstrated greater Mmp13 gene expression and enhanced matrix metalloproteinase–mediated collagen and aggrecan degradation in articular cartilage as compared to controls. No changes in trabecular bone microarchitecture or density were detected in the proximal tibia.ConclusionOur experiments reveal significant negative effects of WBV on joint tissues in a mouse model. These findings suggest the need for future studies of the effects of WBV on joint health in humans.
Monoclonal Antibody Against Citrullinated Peptides Obtained From Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Reacts With Numerous Citrullinated Microbial and Food Proteins
Authors: Tsuda Reina , Ozawa Tatsuhiko , Kobayashi Eiji , Hamana Hiroshi , Taki Hirofumi , Tobe Kazuyuki , Sugiyama Eiji , Iwamoto Masahiro , Imura Johji , Kishi Hiroyuki , Muraguchi Atsushi 
Published: April 2015

ObjectiveTo investigate the reactivity of monoclonal anti–citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) obtained from peripheral blood B cells of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with human autoantigens as well as environmental proteins by determining the essential epitope for the ACPA.MethodsA human monoclonal ACPA (cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody 1 [CCP‐Ab1]) was obtained by screening peripheral blood lymphocytes from 31 patients with RA using a novel monoclonal antibody–secreting cell (ASC) screening system, the immunospot‐array assay on a chip. The essential epitope for CCP‐Ab1 was determined using epitope mapping. Then, human, microbial, and plant proteins that share the essential epitope identified were searched using BLAST. Finally, representative proteins identified by the search were produced in vitro, and their reactivity with CCP‐Ab1 was examined.ResultsCCP‐Ab1 bound CCP in a citrulline‐indispensable manner. In CCP, the 6 amino acid residues required for CCP‐Ab1 binding were identified. In the BLAST search, 38 human, 56 viral, 1,383 fungal, 547 bacterial, and 1,072 plant proteins were found to share the essential epitope, and CCP‐Ab1 reacted with all of the recombinant citrullinated proteins tested, which included the various environmental factors, such as various plant proteins that are part of the daily diet.ConclusionOur findings demonstrate, for the first time, that a monoclonal ACPA (CCP‐Ab1) derived from RA patients cross‐reacts not only with various autoantigens but also with numerous plant and microbial proteins. We propose that countless environmental factors, including microbes and diet, may trigger the generation of ACPAs that then cross‐react with various citrullinated human autoantigens through molecular mimicry to induce RA.
Microbial lipid production by cold‐adapted oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica B9 in non‐sterile whey medium
Authors: Taskin Mesut , Saghafian Amir , Aydogan Mehmet Nuri , Arslan Nazli Pinar 
Published: April 2015

AbstractDeproteinized whey was used as a substrate for the production of lipids by cold‐adapted yeast Yarrowia lipolytica B9 under non‐sterile culture conditions. Undesired microbial contamination in non‐sterile whey medium could be prevented when appropriate culture parameters (inoculum size of 3 mL/100 mL, initial pH of 5.5 and incubation temperature of 15 °C) were selected. In contrast to additional nitrogen (ammonium sulfate) and phosphorus (potassium dihydrogen phosphate) sources, additional carbon source (lactose) increased lipid accumulation. Under optimized culture conditions, biomass and lipid concentrations of the yeast were found as 7.4 g/L and 4.29 g/L, respectively. Lipid content was determined as 58% of total cell biomass. Fatty acids of the yeast were oleic acid (18:1), cis‐10‐heptadecenoic acid (C17:1), palmitoleic acid (16:1) and palmitic acid (16:0). The yeast was found to contain no polyunsaturated fatty acids. The content of C16 and C18 fatty acids was found to be 91.98% of total lipids. Monounsaturated fatty acids accounted for 80.54% of total lipids. Due to rich monounsaturated fatty acid composition, biomass of Y. lipolytica B9 may be used as feedstock for biodiesel production, especially operating in winter conditions. This is the first report on the use of cheese whey as a lipid production substrate for cold‐adapted microorganisms including Y. lipolytica yeast. Besides, lipid production potential of Y. lipolytica under non‐sterile culture conditions was investigated for the first time in this study. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Maternal exposures in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study: Time trends of selected exposures
Authors: Dawson April L. , Razzaghi Hilda , Arth Annelise , Canfield Mark A. , Parker Samantha E. , Reefhuis Jennita ,   the National Birth Defects Prevention Study
Published: April 2015

BackgroundOur objective was to describe time trends in selected pregnancy exposures in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS).MethodsWe analyzed data from the NBDPS, a multi‐site case–control study of major birth defects, for mothers of live‐born infants without birth defects (controls), with an expected date of delivery (EDD) from 1998 to 2011. Mothers from the 10 participating centers across the United States were interviewed by phone between 6 weeks and 2 years after the EDD. We focused on maternal race/ethnicity and five maternal risk factors: obesity, use of folic acid‐containing multivitamins, opioid analgesics, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and loratadine because of their prevalence of use and some reports of associations with major birth defects. Prevalence time trends were examined using the Kendall's τβ test statistic.ResultsThe exposure trend analysis included 11,724 control mothers with EDDs from 1998 to 2011. We observed a significant increase in obesity prevalence among control mothers, as well as use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and loratadine. We also observed an increase in periconceptional use of folic acid‐containing multivitamins. Some of the time trends varied by race/ethnicity. No remarkable trend in the overall use of opioid analgesics was observed. The racial/ethnic distribution of mothers changed slightly during the study period.ConclusionLong‐term, population‐based case–control studies continue to be an effective way to assess exposure‐birth defects associations and provide guidance to health care providers. However, investigators examining rare outcomes covering many years of data collection need to be cognizant of time trends in exposures. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 103:703–712, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Structural characterization of Er3+,Yb3+‐doped Gd2O3 phosphor, synthesized using the solid‐state reaction method, and its luminescence behavior
Authors: Tamrakar Raunak Kumar , Bisen D. P. , Brahme Nameeta 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWe report the synthesis and structural characterization of Er3+,Yb3+‐doped Gd2O3 phosphor. The sample was prepared using the conventional solid‐state reaction method, which is the most suitable method for large‐scale production. The prepared phosphor sample was characterized using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermoluminescence (TL), photoluminescence (PL) and CIE techniques. For PL studies, the excitation and emission spectra of Gd2O3 phosphor doped with Er3+ and Yb3+ were recorded. The excitation spectrum was recorded at a wavelength of 551 nm and showed an intense peak at 276 nm. The emission spectrum was recorded at 276 nm excitation and showed peaks in all blue, green and red regions, which indicate that the prepared phosphor may act as a single host for white light‐emitting diode (WLED) applications, as verified by International de I'Eclairage (CIE) techniques. From the XRD data, the calculated average crystallite size of Er3+ and Yb3+‐doped Gd2O3 phosphor is ~ 38 nm. A TL study was carried out for the phosphor using UV irradiation. The TL glow curve was recorded for UV, beta and gamma irradiations, and the kinetic parameters were also calculated. In addition, the trap parameters of the prepared phosphor were also studied using computerized glow curve deconvolution (CGCD). Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Metadata capital: Raising awareness, exploring a new concept
Authors: Greenberg Jane 
Published: April 2015

EDITOR'S SUMMARYWhile the value of information is widely recognized, the next step is recognizing metadata as an economic asset. Generating metadata involves costs in technological and human resources, but failure to generate and use metadata can lead to lost opportunity costs. Metadata activities are ultimately motivated by a drive for return on investment. The view of metadata as capital emphasizes that it has value that can rise with reuse. Metadata capital is defined as an asset that captures contextual knowledge about any information object, is produced by human labor or automated processes and yields a product or facilitates some service and can benefit the public. Expediting reuse of data and metadata is the key to maximizing their value, and early research demonstrates value in the linked open vocabulary environment and in reusing URIs. A collaborative project of the National Consortium for Data Science, the Metadata Capital Initiative, is focusing on the value of metadata through reuse in a big data setting to document its specific contributions to technology methods and intellectual advances.
Taxonomies for categorization and research: Is a mining analogy valid?
Authors: Gilles Barbara 
Published: April 2015

EDITOR'S SUMMARYReferences to “data mining” or “text mining” suggest a parallel between the value characteristics of mineral mining and using taxonomies in searching for information. Research platforms combining a literature database and a taxonomy may be thought of as a mine and raw material source and a specialized tool for extraction. Information searchers are prospectors looking for specific information but without the need to establish major exploratory operations. Information mining involves digital extraction and can reveal the “ore” within the rock through inline tagging of taxonomy concepts. Analogous to gold miners working to discover tiny nuggets, information prospectors drill down to their target by using a taxonomy‐based platform to refine their search and reveal and process desired content. The same taxonomy can point to additional resources, like a mineral vein in a mine. An important difference between the mine and database is that, unlike mineral resources, data is not depleted when accessed and used. Whether mineral or information mining, each yields valuable resources to be used to advance human endeavors.
Nontesticular cancers in relatives of testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT) patients from multiple‐case TGCT families
Authors: McMaster Mary L. , Heimdal Ketil R. , Loud Jennifer T. , Bracci Janet S. , Rosenberg Philip S. , Greene Mark H. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractTesticular germ cell tumors (TGCT) exhibit striking familial aggregation that remains incompletely explained. To improve the phenotypic definition of familial TGCT (FTGCT), we studied an international cohort of multiple‐case TGCT families to determine whether first‐degree relatives of FTGCT cases are at increased risk of other types of cancer. We identified 1041 first‐degree relatives of TGCT cases in 66 multiple‐case TGCT families from Norway and 64 from the United States (combined follow‐up of 31,556 person‐years). We collected data on all cancers (except nonmelanoma skin cancers) reported by the family informant in these relatives, and we attempted to verify all reported cancer diagnoses through medical or cancer registry records. We calculated observed‐to‐expected (O/E) standardized incidence ratios, together with 95% confidence intervals (CI), for invasive cancers other than TGCT. We found no increase in risk of cancer overall (Norway O/E = 0.8; 95% CI: 0.6–1.1 and United States O/E = 0.9; 95% CI: 0.7–1.3). Site‐specific analyses pooled across the two countries revealed a leukemia excess (O/E = 6.5; 95% CI: 3.0–12.3), deficit of female breast cancer (O/E = 0.0; 95% CI: 0.0–0.6) and increased risk of soft tissue sarcoma (O/E = 7.2; 95% CI: 2.0–18.4); in all instances, these results were based on small case numbers and statistically significant only in Norway. While limited by sample size and potential issues relating to completeness of cancer reporting, this study in multiple‐case TGCT families does not support the hypothesis that cancers other than testis cancer contribute to the FTGCT phenotype.
Child Protection in a Low‐Resource Setting: Experiences From Paediatric Professionals in Kenya
Authors: Candler Toby , Gannon Hannah , Wachira John 
Published: April 2015

Key Practitioner Messages:

Child protection is a significant issue in global child health.
There is an established legal framework for the protection of children globally and in Kenya.
This study has given an insight into the current experience of child protection amongst healthcare professionals in Kenya.
There was limited training reported at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels.
It has highlighted the need and desire for formal child protection training for all professionals working with children.
Ternary Transition Metal Oxide Nanoparticles with Spinel Structure for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Toh Rou Jun , Eng Alex Yong Sheng , Sofer Zdenek , Sedmidubsky David , Pumera Martin 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIt is crucial to develop electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) for renewable energy applications. Mixed‐valence transition‐metal oxides with a spinel structure have been explored for this purpose. In this work, we study the influence of the composition of the catalysts (XY2O4, X=Ni, Zn and Y=Co, Mn) on the ORR. The four different types of spinel oxide nanocrystals (NiCo2O4, NiMn2O4, ZnCo2O4, and ZnMn2O4) were synthesized by a simple and scalable method. This allowed for a systematic investigation of the transition‐metal influence on the performance of the ORR. Given the general spinel structure of XY2O4, we systematically changed X (Ni, Zn) and Y (Co, Mn). The effects of the presence of different metals in the spinel oxide on the morphology and electrocatalytic properties of the materials toward the ORR were investigated and compared by using scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron microscopy, and voltammetry. In general, cobalt‐based spinel oxides displayed a significant electrocatalytic activity towards the ORR, with Ni‐substituted spinel oxides outperforming their respective Zn‐substituted congeners. These findings may have great impact in the research field of renewable energy.