bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Horse‐chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum) seed extract for venous leg ulceration: a comparative multiple case study of healers and non‐healers
Authors: Leach Matthew J 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackgroundVenous leg ulceration (VLU) is a chronic and recurrent condition that affects around 0.12–1.1% of the Western population. One intervention that is showing promise as a treatment for VLU is horse‐chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum) seed extract (HCSE), with evidence suggesting that HCSE treatment may reduce wound slough, the frequency of dressing changes and the overall cost of VLU management. However, it remains unclear as to the types of patients that HCSE is likely to benefit.ObjectiveTo illustrate the types of patients that may benefit from the use of HCSE for the treatment of VLU, and the typical response patterns that may be observed.MethodsComparative multiple‐case study of VLU healers and non‐healers treated with HCSE.ResultsWhen comparing the HCSE‐healed cases with the HCSE non‐healed cases, what emerges is that HCSE treatment may be most effective when the following elements are present: mild to moderate venous insufficiency, a small wound of short duration, a short history of ulceration, and no signs of wound infection.ConclusionsA number of variables were identified as having an influence on the trajectory of venous ulcer healing among patients treated with HCSE. Further investigation is needed to validate these findings.
Difference in adherence to and influencing factors of a healthy lifestyle between middle‐aged and elderly people in Korea: A multilevel analysis
Authors: Son Ki Young , Park Sang Min , Lee Juhyun , Kim Chang Yup 
Published: September 2014

AimComprehensive research for factors related to healthy lifestyles of the elderly is limited. The present study aimed to elucidate the factors associated with adherence to a healthy lifestyle by age groups.MethodThe present study was based on data from the 2005 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We calculated crude proportions and adjusted proportions of cigarette smokers, problem alcohol drinkers, and physically inactive people in two age groups (40−59 years and ≥60 years). We carried out multilevel analysis to elucidate factors associated with healthy lifestyles.ResultsOf 3194 respondents included in the analysis, 1154 (36.13%) were aged 60 years or older. Older participants smoked less (23.0% vs 17.4%) and exercised less frequently (52.4% vs 66.9%; all P < 0.001) than their middle‐aged counterparts. After adjustment, the proportion of regular exercisers was inversed (adjusted proportion 0.468, 95% CI 0.436–0.501 vs 0.377, 95% CI 0.337–0.419, P = 0.004). In multilevel analysis, contextual factors, such as local tax per capita, was associated significantly with cigarette smoking only in the elderly (OR 1.037, 95% CI 1.005–1.070).ConclusionsDifferent factors were associated with healthy lifestyles of elderly people when compared with middle‐aged people. In addition, local tax per capita, an area level variable, was more likely to be associated with smoking in the elderly than the middle‐aged group. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2015; 15: 778–788.
Prevalence, associated factors and impact on mortality of chronic kidney disease in nursing home residents: A single‐center experience
Authors: Eren Zehra , Küçükardalı Yaşar , Öztürk Mehmet Akif , Küçükardalı Betül , Kaspar Elif Çiğdem , Kantarcı Gülçin 
Published: September 2014

AimWe carried out the present study to determine the prevalence, associated comorbidities and impact on mortality of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in nursing home residents.MethodsThis was an 8‐year prospective single‐center, longitudinal cohort study consisting of 612 patients living in a nursing home from 2005–2013. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated from a prediction equation, the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation, based on the serum creatinine concentration, age, race, sex and body size. The demographic and clinical characteristics of the residents were collected.ResultsCKD, defined as abnormalities of kidney structure or function, present for >3 months, with implications for health, was present in 197 (39.9%) residents. Specifically, 109 (21.5%) residents had an estimated GFR of 45–59 mL/min, and 64 (12.6%) had an estimated GFR of 30–44 mL/min. Multivariate logistic regression identified older age (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.95–0.99), female sex (OR 2.99, 95% CI 1.99–4.49) and hypertension (OR 1.55, 95%, CI 1.00–2.40) as the only independent predictors of CKD. After a follow up of 8 years, 208 (41.1%) of the 506 residents died. Of these residents, 104 (52.8%) had CKD and 104 (33.4%) did not have CKD. The Kaplan–Meier survival curves showed that residents with CKD had a significantly higher mortality than those without CKD.ConclusionCKD is prevalent in nursing home residents. A decline in renal function is associated with cardiovascular disease and mortality. Early recognition of CKD might improve drug dosage, renal management and outcomes in this particular group of patients. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2015; 15: 715–720.
Sense of coherence as a key to improve homebound status among older adults with urinary incontinence
Authors: Takahashi Kyo , Kato Atsushi , Igari Tomoyuki , Sase Eriko , Shibanuma Akira , Kikuchi Kimiyo , Nanishi Keiko , Jimba Masamine , Yasuoka Junko 
Published: September 2014

AimBeing homebound is regarded as a negative condition for social participation in Japan. However, little is known about the possibility of psychological resilience to prevent being homebound among older adults with urinary incontinence. The present study aimed to examine the association between sense of coherence as a measure of psychological resilience and being homebound among older adults with urinary incontinence.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was carried out in Chiba, Japan. We trained 95 care managers as interviewers, and they collected the data from 411 community‐dwelling frail older adults using a pretested structured questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis was run to identify factors associated with being homebound among the participants with urinary incontinence.ResultsOf the participants, 158 (38.4%) had urinary incontinence. Among the participants with urinary incontinence, 52 (32.9%) were homebound. As a result of logistic regression analysis adjusting for age, sex, living status, hobby, types of prevalent diseases, walking ability, perceived social support and subjective social capital, lower meaningfulness in their lives, which is a component of a sense of coherence, remained positively associated with being homebound (adjusted odds ratio 0.79, 95% confidence interval 0.65–0.96).ConclusionsBeing homebound is less prevalent among those who feel challenges, or worthy of investment or engagement in daily life. By improving a sense of meaningfulness, homebound status might be improved among older adults with urinary incontinence. To encourage active social participation of the target population, their psychological resilience (particularly meaningfulness) should be addressed more. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2015; 15: 910–917.
Estimating the effect of incident delirium on short‐term outcomes in aged hip fracture patients through propensity score analysis
Authors: Radinovic Kristina , Markovic‐Denic Ljiljana , Dubljanin‐Raspopovic Emilija , Marinkovic Jelena , Milan Zoka , Bumbasirevic Vesna 
Published: September 2014

AimWe aimed to evaluate the factors contributing to delirium after hip fracture and assess the effect of incident delirium on short‐term clinical outcomes.MethodsA total of 270 non‐delirious, consecutive hip fracture patients 60 years and older were included in a prospective cohort study. The patients were assessed with respect to physical status according to the American Society of Anesthesiologists classification, medical comorbidities with the Charlson Comorbidity Index, cognitive function with the Portable Mental Status Questionnaire and depression with the Geriatric Depressive Scale. Incident delirium was evaluated daily. Clinical outcomes and 1‐month mortality were recorded.ResultsIncident delirium was present in 53.0% of patients. Patients with delirium were older (P = 0.046), had higher American Society of Anesthesiologists and Charlson Comorbidity Index scores (P < 0.001), lower Portable Mental Status Questionnaire scores and higher Geriatric Depressive Scale scores (P < 0.001, P = 0.003, respectively). After adjusting for age, multivariate regression analysis in the first model showed that patients with delirium were at higher risk of reintervention plus death (P < 0.05), complications P < 0.001), a higher severity complication score (P < 0.05) and longer length of hospital stay (P < 0.001). In the second model, after adjusting for propensity score, patients with delirium were at higher risk of reintervention plus death (P < 0.05) and longer length of hospital stay (P < 0.01).ConclusionsPatients who are older, with worse physical status, worse cognitive function and depression are more likely to develop delirium after hip fracture. Incident delirium has negative independent effects on short‐term outcomes in elderly patients after hip fracture. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2015; 15: 848–855.
Visualizing financial success: planning is key
Authors: Bird Carolyn L. , Şener Arzu , Coşkuner Selda 
Published: September 2014

AbstractRecent economic troubles in the US and abroad highlight the importance of family financial capability, including an understanding of financial markets. Financial capability is the foundation for desired financial behaviours, such as saving, budgeting, using credit wisely and planning. Study participants, a subsample of respondents to a Turkish university financial literacy survey (n = 374), who reported uninterrupted income for a 3‐year period were grouped as ‘planners’ and ‘non‐planners’. These groupings allowed examination of the relationships between planning, financial management decisions, and differential outcomes in daily household financial well‐being. The practice of preferred financial management behaviours was predictive of debt. This research makes a unique contribution to the literature, demonstrating the importance of uninterrupted income over income amount in support of the planning process. Findings of this study have implications for professionals in the family and consumer sciences field and other practitioners assisting consumers with improving financial management outcomes.
Refractory urinary fistula with infundibular stenosis after partial nephrectomy
Authors: Yamamoto Teppei , Kinoshita Hidefumi , Ikeda Junichi , Sugi Motohiko , Matsuda Tadashi 
Published: September 2014

AbstractA 71‐year‐old male patient who was diagnosed with renal cell carcinoma (cT1aN0M0) underwent a laparoscopic left partial nephrectomy. Because the bleeding could not be controlled, conversion to laparotomy was instigated. A ureteral stent was placed on confirmation of postoperative urine leakage from the drain, but the volume of drainage did not decrease. The findings of retrograde pyelography and computed tomography showed a urinary fistula resulting from isolated calyces caused by infundibular stenosis, for which transurethral dilatation for the stenosis was carried out. However, owing to the severity of stenosis, the guidewire was unable to achieve passage, and endoscopic dilatation was abandoned. Selective embolization of the left renal artery was then carried out. No drainage fluid was observed after embolization, and residual renal function of the left kidney was confirmed.
White Si–O–C Ceramic: Structure and Thermodynamic Stability
Authors: Tavakoli Amir H. , Armentrout Matthew M. , Narisawa Masaki , Sen Sabyasachi , Navrotsky Alexandra 
Published: September 2014

While pyrolysis of a polysiloxane precursor in argon typically produces a black amorphous Si–O–C ceramic containing “free” carbon (sp2 carbon), pyrolyzing the same precursor in hydrogen leads to a white amorphous ceramic with a negligible amount of sp2 carbon and a considerable hydrogen content. 29Si magic‐angle‐spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR) spectroscopy confirms the existence of very similar bonding environments of Si atoms in the Si–O–C network for both samples. In addition, 1H NMR spectroscopic measurements on both samples reveal that the hydrogen atoms are bonded mainly to carbon. For the thermodynamic analysis, the enthalpies of formation with respect to the most stable components (SiO2, SiC, C) of the black‐and‐white Si–O–C samples obtained after the pyrolysis at 1100°C are determined using high‐temperature oxidative drop‐solution calorimetry in a molten oxide solvent. The white ceramic is 6 kJ/g‐atom more stable in enthalpy than the black one. Although the role of hydrogen in the thermodynamic stability of the white sample remains ambiguous, the thermodynamic findings and structural analysis suggest that the existence of sp2‐bonded carbon in the amorphous network of polymer derived Si–O–C ceramics does not provide additional thermodynamic stability to the ceramic.
Stability of Rotors and Focal Sources for Human Atrial Fibrillation: Focal Impulse and Rotor Mapping (FIRM) of AF Sources and Fibrillatory Conduction
Authors: SWARUP VIJAY , BAYKANER TINA , ROSTAMIAN ARMAND , DAUBERT JAMES P. , HUMMEL JOHN , KRUMMEN DAVID E. , TRIKHA RISHI , MILLER JOHN M. , TOMASSONI GERY F. , NARAYAN SANJIV M. 
Published: September 2014

Stable Human AF RotorsIntroductionSeveral groups report electrical rotors or focal sources that sustain atrial fibrillation (AF) after it has been triggered. However, it is difficult to separate stable from unstable activity in prior studies that examined only seconds of AF. We applied phase‐based focal impulse and rotor mapping (FIRM) to study the dynamics of rotors/sources in human AF over prolonged periods of time.MethodsWe prospectively mapped AF in 260 patients (169 persistent, 61 ± 12 years) at 6 centers in the FIRM registry, using baskets with 64 contact electrodes per atrium. AF was phase mapped (RhythmView, Topera, Menlo Park, CA, USA). AF propagation movies were interpreted by each operator to assess the source stability/dynamics over tens of minutes before ablation.ResultsSources were identified in 258 of 260 of patients (99%), for 2.8 ± 1.4 sources/patient (1.8 ± 1.1 in left, 1.1 ± 0.8 in right atria). While AF sources precessed in stable regions, emanating activity including spiral waves varied from collision/fusion (fibrillatory conduction). Each source lay in stable atrial regions for 4,196 ± 6,360 cycles, with no differences between paroxysmal versus persistent AF (4,290 ± 5,847 vs. 4,150 ± 6,604; P = 0.78), or right versus left atrial sources (P = 0.26).ConclusionsRotors and focal sources for human AF mapped by FIRM over prolonged time periods precess (“wobble”) but remain within stable regions for thousands of cycles. Conversely, emanating activity such as spiral waves disorganize and collide with the fibrillatory milieu, explaining difficulties in using activation mapping or signal processing analyses at fixed electrodes to detect AF rotors. These results provide a rationale for targeted ablation at AF sources rather than fibrillatory spiral waves.
Omalizumab may not inhibit mast cell and basophil activation in vitro
Authors: Gericke J. , Ohanyan T. , Church M.K. , Maurer M. , Metz M. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackgroundIn March 2014, omalizumab, a monoclonal anti‐IgE antibody, was approved for the treatment of chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU). The primary mode of action of omalizumab is considered to be the reduction in free IgE serum levels and the subsequent down‐regulation of FcεRI, the high affinity receptor for IgE, on mast cells and basophils. Recently, it has been suggested that most CSU patients have an autoimmune aetiology which may lead to chronic activation of mast cells and basophils.ObjectiveTo understand more of the mechanisms by which omalizumab may exert its effects in CSU, its efficacy was tested on human mast cells and basophils.MethodsOmalizumab, which was or was not preincubated with serum from healthy donors or CSU patients, was coincubated with isolated healthy donor skin mast cells or peripheral blood‐derived monocytes containing 1–2% basophils. Degranulation was induced using anti‐human IgE, C5a, or substance P and histamine release determined.ResultsAnti‐human IgE‐induced histamine release from mast cells or basophils was not altered in the presence or absence of omalizumab. In contrast, preincubation of mast cells with DARPin Fc fusion protein, a positive control for negative signalling via FcεRI‐FcγRIIb cross activation, significantly diminished histamine release. Moreover, omalizumab, that was preincubated with healthy donor serum, CSU patient serum or auto‐reactive CSU serum to allow for the formation of potential immune complexes, did not alter induced histamine release in a coincubation setup with mast cells or basophils as compared to the absence of omalizumab. In vivo, blood basophil numbers and basophil histamine content increase under omalizumab therapy.ConclusionOur results suggest that the rapid response to omalizumab therapy is more likely to result from the elimination of an activating signal rather than the generation of a negative, inhibitory signal.
Youth Sports & Public Health: Framing Risks of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in American Football and Ice Hockey
Authors: Bachynski Kathleen E. , Goldberg Daniel S. 
Published: September 2014

Children in North America, some as young as eleven or twelve, routinely don helmets and pads and are trained to move at high-speed for the purpose of engaging in repeated full-body collisions with each other. The evidence suggests that the forces generated by such impacts are sufficient to cause traumatic brain injury (TBI) among children. Moreover, there is only limited evidence supporting the efficacy of interventions typically used to reduce the risks of such hazards. What kind of risk assessment enables such activities to be a relatively common feature of childhood in Canadian and American society?In order to understand this state of affairs, we must examine the particular risk frame under which such hazards are commonly assumed. Risk assessments are embedded in the cultures in which they are situated and must be evaluated in their social contexts.
Diabetes self‐management, depressive symptoms, metabolic control and satisfaction with quality of life over time in Chinese youth with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Guo Jia , Whittemore Robin , Jeon Sangchoon , Grey Margaret , Zhou Zhi‐Guang , He Guo‐Ping , Luo Zi‐Qiang 
Published: September 2014

Aims and objectivesTo describe the patterns of diabetes self‐management, depressive symptoms, metabolic control and satisfaction with quality of life over time in a cohort of Chinese youth with type 1 diabetes and to determine the relationships between these variables over time.BackgroundNurses have an important role in facilitating optimal self‐management and health outcomes in youth with type 1 diabetes. Only a few studies have focused on patterns of diabetes adaptation over time in youth with type 1 diabetes, especially in China. Understanding changes in diabetes self‐management, depressive symptoms, metabolic control and satisfaction with quality of life can facilitate assessment and intervention.DesignThis is a multi‐site longitudinal descriptive study. Data for this report were collected at baseline with 136 eligible Chinese youth and 86 of them were followed up for the second time, 6–12 months after baseline data collection.MethodsInstruments to measure diabetes self‐management, depressive symptoms, metabolic control and satisfaction with quality of life were collected at two time points. The data were collected from July 2009–October 2010. Linear mixed model analysis was used to analyse the longitudinal data.ResultsSelf‐management decreased over time; however, depressive symptoms, metabolic control and satisfaction with quality of life did not change from baseline to 6–12 months in this sample of Chinese youth with type 1 diabetes. A decrease in diabetes self‐management over time was associated with worse metabolic control, while an increase in depressive symptoms over time was associated with poorer quality of life satisfaction in this sample.ConclusionsChinese youth faced difficulties with diabetes adaptation, especially with the deterioration of diabetes self‐management. Improving self‐management and decreasing depressive symptoms may enhance diabetes adaptation with respect to metabolic control and quality of life.Relevance to clinical practiceThe deterioration of diabetes self‐management over time in youth with type 1 diabetes in China deserves nurses' careful surveillance. Clinical interventions appropriate to the Chinese culture and health care system are needed to improve self‐management and depressive symptoms in Chinese youth with type 1 diabetes.
Spontaneous post‐partum rupture of an ovarian artery aneurysm: A case report of successful embolization and a review of the published work
Authors: Wakimoto Shoko , Hidaka Nobuhiro , Fukushima Kotaro , Kato Kiyoko 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIt is rare for an ovarian artery aneurysm to rupture during the peripartum period, but the outcome can be catastrophic. Between 1980 and 2013, only nine cases have been reported in the English‐language medical published work. We describe a patient with a left ovarian artery aneurysm that ruptured 4 days after an uneventful vaginal delivery. The rupture was immediately identified, using emergent computed tomography and angiography. The hemorrhage was managed using arterial embolization and blood transfusion, allowing for a successful outcome. The possibility of ruptured ovarian artery aneurysm should be considered in the differential diagnosis for women with excessive or localized abdominal pain after childbirth.
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Cerebral Vasomotor Reserve: A Study in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Giorli Elisa , Tognazzi Silvia , Briscese Lucia , Bocci Tommaso , Mazzatenta Andrea , Priori Alberto , Orlandi Giovanni , Del Sette Massimo , Sartucci Ferdinando 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSECerebral vasomotor reserve (VMR) is the capability of cerebral arterioles to change their diameter in response to various stimuli, such hypercapnia. Changes of VMR due to transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) have been poorly studied.METHODSTwenty‐five healthy subjects underwent anodal/cathodal and sham tDCS on right primary motor area. Before and after tDCS, we assessed VMR by Transcranial Color‐Coded Sonography (TCCS) calculating trought Breath Holding Index (BHI) and Heart Rate Variability (HRV), in particular after Valsalva manouver.RESULTSA‐tDCS decreased VMR and BHI (p < 0.05), whereas C‐tDCS increased VMR, and BHI (p < 0.05); Sham doesn't provide statistically significant of both VMR, BHI and HRV (p > 0.05).CONCLUSIONSOur study confirms that tDCS induces a modification of bilateral VMR with a polarity‐specific effect; based on this bilateral MFV and BHI modifications, we can speculate an involvement of the SNS in the VMR regulation.
Testing evolutionary hypotheses for DNA barcoding failure in willows
Authors: Twyford Alex D. 
Published: September 2014

The goal of DNA barcoding is to enable the rapid identification of taxa from short diagnostic DNA sequence profiles. But how feasible is this objective when many evolutionary processes, such as hybridization and selective sweeps, cause alleles to be shared among related taxa? In this issue of Molecular Ecology, Percy et al. (2014) test the full suite of seven candidate plant barcoding loci in a broad geographic sample of willow species. They show exceptional plastid haplotype sharing between species across continents, with most taxa not possessing a unique barcode sequence. Using population genetic and molecular dating analyses, they implicate hybridization and selective sweeps, but not incomplete lineage sorting, as the historical processes causing widespread haplotype sharing among willow taxa. This study represents an exceptional case of how poorly barcoding can perform, and highlights methodological issues using universal organellar regions for species identification.