bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation of polysaccharide loaded collagen membrane with anti-oxidative activity
Authors: Shu Zibin , Ding Shengli , He Xiaohong , Dai Xuemei , Xiao Qian , Yang Min , Leng Xue , Ma Yanshun , Yang Hua 
Published: August 2015

Abstract The scavenging activity of polysaccharides from Lycium barbarum, Lentinus edodes and Ganoderma Lucidum Karst to DPPH free radicals was investigated. It was found that among the three polysaccharides, Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) exhibits the best scavenging activity. Polysaccharide loaded collagen membranes were prepared by mixing LBP with collagen, starch, glycerol, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and glutaraldehyde. In vitro drug release from membranes was evaluated. With increasing the immersion time, the release rate first increases and then slows down. Meanwhile, the scavenging activity to DPPH radicals exhibits similar variation, in agreement with a good release effect of the membrane. The optimal formulation of collagen membrane and preparation parameters were obtained considering the overall properties and the scavenging activity to radicals.
Evaluating formability of LCP plate for sacral fractures with one step inverse forming finite element analysis
Authors: Li Xiaoda , Zhang Xiangkui , Hu Ping , Liu Weijie , Shen Guozhe , Zhan Xianghui 
Published: August 2015

Abstract The locking compression plate fixation treatment for the unstable sacral fractures is simple and effective, with less trauma and complications. Some locking compression plate parts have been made of high-strength Plate manufactured by hot stamping process since the demand for lightweight biomedical materials. Finite Element (FE) method of One-Step inverse forming based on deformation theory is the tool to evaluate the formability of locking compression plate panel quickly in initial design for reducing costs and development cycle of Plate. But current one-step inverse forming methods are all suitable for cold stamping, not hot-stamping. This paper proposed one-step inverse forming method and workflow for hot-stamping of locking compression Plate. And the B pillar of a sacral bone was simulated and its computing result was compared with experimental value. The result shows that the proposed method in this paper can quickly evaluate high temperature formability of high-strength Plate. And the method is proposed to be used in initial design.
Evaluation of the novel three-dimensional porous poly (L-lactic acid)/nano-hydroxyapatite composite scaffold
Authors: Huang Jianghong , Xiong Jianyi , Liu Jianquan , Zhu Weimin , Chen Jielin , Duan Li , Zhang Jufeng , Wang Daping 
Published: August 2015

Abstract To determine the optimal ratio of nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HA) to polylactic acid (PLLA) in the novel three-dimensional porous PLLA/n-HA composite scaffolds, low-temperature rapid prototyping technology was employed to fabricate the composite materials with different n-HA contents. Mechanical properties and degradation behaviors of the composites were examined, and the scaffold microstructure and n-HA dispersion were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Mechanical tests demonstrated that the tensile strength of the composite material gradually decreased with an increase in n-HA content. When the n-HA content reached 20 wt%, the bending strength of the composite material peaked at 138.5 MPa. SEM images demonstrated that the optimal content of n-HA was 20 wt% as the largest interconnected pore size that can be seen, with a porosity as high as 80%. In vitro degradation experiments demonstrated that the pH value of the material containing solution gradually decreased in a time-dependent manner, with a simultaneous weakening of the mechanical properties. In vitro study using rat osteoblast cells showed that the composite scaffolds were biocompatible; the 20 wt% n-HA scaffold offered particular improvement to rat osteoblast cell adhesion and proliferation compared to other compositions. It was therefore concluded that 20 wt% n-HA is the optimal nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HA) to polylactic acid (PLLA) ratio, with promise for bone tissue engineering.
Soft tissue modelling with conical springs
Authors: Omar Nadzeri , Zhong Yongmin , Jazar Reza N. , Subic Aleksandar , Smith Julian , Shirinzadeh Bijan 
Published: August 2015

Abstract This paper presents a new method for real-time modelling soft tissue deformation. It improves the traditional mass-spring model with conical springs to deal with nonlinear mechanical behaviours of soft tissues. A conical spring model is developed to predict soft tissue deformation with reference to deformation patterns. The model parameters are formulated according to tissue deformation patterns and the nonlinear behaviours of soft tissues are modelled with the stiffness variation of conical spring. Experimental results show that the proposed method can describe different tissue deformation patterns using one single equation and also exhibit the typical mechanical behaviours of soft tissues.
The application of multi-frequency fringe projection profilometry on the measurement of biological tissues
Authors: Jiang Chao , Jia Shuhai , Xu Yong , Bao Qingchen , Dong Jun , Lian Qin 
Published: August 2015

Abstract A volume of research has been performed on the optical surface profilometry in the field of biomedicine and the optical system with the phase-measuring method becomes the main emphasis of the research. In this research, a brand new fringe projection profilometry with multiple frequencies is described for measuring the biological tissue. A pork liver, as an object, is regarded as a human organ and a DMD projector is used to generate the multi-frequency fringe patterns. The wrapped phase maps are obtained by means of the five-step phase shifting method and calculated via a peak searching algorithm in which the process of measuring the point on the surface of the object is independent so that the step of unwrapping the phase can be avoided. The final results given are acceptable which confirm this method and suggest its enormous potential for the biomedical measurements.
A study on new method of noninvasive esophageal venous pressure measurement based on the airflow and laser detection technology
Authors: Hu Chenghuan , Huang Feizhou , Zhang Rui , Zhu Shaihong , Nie Wanpin , Liu Xunyang , Liu Yinglong , Li Peng 
Published: August 2015

Abstract Using optics combined with automatic control and computer real-time image detection technology, a novel noninvasive method of noncontact pressure manometry was developed based on the airflow and laser detection technology in this study. The new esophageal venous pressure measurement system was tested in-vitro experiments. A stable and adjustable pulse stream was produced from a self-developed pump and a laser emitting apparatus could generate optical signals which can be captured by image acquisition and analysis system program. A synchronization system simultaneous measured the changes of air pressure and the deformation of the vein wall to capture the vascular deformation while simultaneously record the current pressure value. The results of this study indicated that the pressure values tested by the new method have good correlation with the actual pressure value in animal experiments. The new method of noninvasive pressure measurement based on the airflow and laser detection technology is accurate, feasible, repeatable and has a good application prospects.
Research on the multiple linear regression in non-invasive blood glucose measurement
Authors: Zhu Jianming , Chen Zhencheng 
Published: August 2015

Abstract A non-invasive blood glucose measurement sensor and the data process algorithm based on the metabolic energy conservation (MEC) method are presented in this paper. The physiological parameters of human fingertip can be measured by various sensing modalities, and blood glucose value can be evaluated with the physiological parameters by the multiple linear regression analysis. Five methods such as enter, remove, forward, backward and stepwise in multiple linear regression were compared, and the backward method had the best performance. The best correlation coefficient was 0.876 with the standard error of the estimate 0.534, and the significance was 0.012 (sig. <0.05), which indicated the regression equation was valid. The Clarke error grid analysis was performed to compare the MEC method with the hexokinase method, using 200 data points. The correlation coefficient R was 0.867 and all of the points were located in Zone A and Zone B, which shows the MEC method provides a feasible and valid way for non-invasive blood glucose measurement.
Automated detection of cardiac phase from intracoronary ultrasound image sequences
Authors: Sun Zheng , Dong Yi , Li Mengchan 
Published: August 2015

Abstract Intracoronary ultrasound (ICUS) is a widely used interventional imaging modality in clinical diagnosis and treatment of cardiac vessel diseases. Due to cyclic cardiac motion and pulsatile blood flow within the lumen, there exist changes of coronary arterial dimensions and relative motion between the imaging catheter and the lumen during continuous pullback of the catheter. The action subsequently causes cyclic changes to the image intensity of the acquired image sequence. Information on cardiac phases is implied in a non-gated ICUS image sequence. A 1-D phase signal reflecting cardiac cycles was extracted according to cyclical changes in local gray-levels in ICUS images. The local extrema of the signal were then detected to retrieve cardiac phases and to retrospectively gate the image sequence. Results of clinically acquired in vivo image data showed that the average inter-frame dissimilarity of lower than 0.1 was achievable with our technique. In terms of computational efficiency and complexity, the proposed method was shown to be competitive when compared with the current methods. The average frame processing time was lower than 30 ms. We effectively reduced the effect of image noises, useless textures, and non-vessel region on the phase signal detection by discarding signal components caused by non-cardiac factors.
Design improvement and dynamic finite element analysis of novel ITI dental implant under dynamic chewing loads
Authors: Cheng Yung-Chang , Lin Deng-Huei , Jiang Cho-Pei , Lee Shyh-Yuan 
Published: August 2015

Abstract The main aim of this article was to introduce the application of a uniform design for experimental methods to drop the micromotion of a novel ITI dental implant model under the dynamic loads. Combining the characteristics of the traditional ITI and Nano-Tite implants, a new implant with concave holes has been constructed. Compared to the traditional ITI dental implant model, the micromotion of the new dental implant model was significantly reduced by explicit dynamic finite element analysis. From uniform design of experiments, the dynamic finite element analysis method was applied to caluculated the maximum micromotion of the full model. Finally, the chief design in all the experiment simulations which cause the minimum micromotion is picked as the advanced model of the design. Related to the original design, which was associated with a micromotion of 45.11 μm, the micromotion of the improved version was 31.37 μm, for an improvement rate of 30.5%.
Experimal study of young male drivers’ responses to vehicle collision using EMG of lower extremity
Authors: Gao Zhenhai , Li Chuzhao , Hu Hongyu , Zhao Hui , Chen Chaoyang , Yu Huili 
Published: August 2015

Abstract A driver’s response to a front-coming vehicle collision consists of braking reaction time and braking behavior. The purpose was to investigate drivers’ responses at different speeds, relative distances, and particularly the behavior on the accelerator at the collision moment. Twelve young men participated in driving simulator tests. Vehicle parameters and electromyograms (EMGs) of the drivers’ tibialis anterior muscles were recorded and responses were analyzed. The drivers’ braking reaction time windows were divided into pre-motor time, muscle activation time, accelerator release time, and movement time. By comparing the reaction times and collision times, braking behaviors were investigated. It was found that movement times (r = -0.281) decreased with speed. Pre-motor times (r = 0.326) and muscle activation times (r = 0.281) increased with relative distance. At the collision moment, the probability of the driver’s lower extremity being on the accelerator, in the air, and on the brake pedal was 7.4%, 18.9%, and 73.7%, respectively. With higher speeds and smaller distances, the lower extremity was more likely to be in the air or even on the accelerator in different muscle activation states. The driver will collide in normal driving postures which muscles are not or not fully activated in very urgent situation.
Application of multi-output support vector regression on EMGs to decode hand continuous movement trajectory
Authors: Tian Pan , Hu Jie , Qi Jin , Xia Peng , Peng Ying-Hong 
Published: August 2015

Abstract Applications of neural machine interfaces have received increased attention during the last decades. It is crucial to realize the continuous control of prosthetic devices based on biological signals. In order to deal with the highly nonlinear relationship between the Electromyography (EMG) signals and motion, this study presents a novel decoding approach which employs multi-output support vector regression (M-SVR). The proposed M-SVR is compared with other popular regression techniques and the experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of M-SVR in hand continuous movement trajectory reconstruction.
Development of an integrated digital hand grip dynamometer and norm of hand grip strength
Authors: Chang Ho , Chen Chih-Hao , Huang Tung-Sun , Tai Chun-Yen 
Published: August 2015

Abstract This study designs and fabricates a novel integrated digital hand grip dynamometer and analyzes collected grip strength data. The dynamometer directly stores collected data in a computer, unlike those on the market that cannot directly store information. A strain gauge load cell is used as a force sensor. The dynamometer is designed to maximize ergonomics. Excitation voltage of the load cell is 5 V, and a 9 V battery supplies power to its circuit. The signal receiver is National Instruments (NI) data acquisition (DAQ) card that transmits signals to the computer. The operation system is designed using LabView. This study assesses the correlation between variables of collected data. The correlation coefficients for height, weight and palm length were 0.793, 0.609 and 0.715, respectively, indicating that variables were moderately to strongly correlate with grip strength.
Study of cervical muscle response and injury of driver during a frontal vehicle collision
Authors: Gao Zhenhai , Li Chuzhao , Hu Hongyu , Zhao Hui , Chen Chaoyang , Yu Huili 
Published: August 2015

Abstract Frontal vehicle collisions can cause injury to a driver’s cervical muscles resulting from intense changes in muscle strain and muscle load. This study investigated the influence of collision forces in a sled test environment using a modified Hybrid III 50th percentile dummy equipped with simulated spring-type muscles. Cervical muscle responses including strain and load of the sternocleidomastoid (SCM), splenius capitis (SPL), and trapezius (TRP) were analyzed, and muscle injury was assessed. The SCM, SPL, and TRP suffered average peak muscle strains of 21%, 40%, and 23%, respectively, exceeding the injury threshold. The average peak muscle loads of the SCM, SPL and TRP were 11 N, 25 N, and 25 N, respectively, lower than the ultimate failure load. The SPL endured the largest injury, while the injuries to the SCM and TRP were relatively small. This is a preliminary study to assess the cervical muscle of driver during a frontal vehicle collision. This study provides a foundation for investigating the muscle response and injury in sled test environments, which can lead to the improvement of occupant protections.
Design of a quasi-passive 3 DOFs ankle-foot wearable rehabilitation orthosis
Authors: Zhang Chao , Zhu Yanhe , Fan Jizhuang , Zhao Jie , Yu Hongying 
Published: August 2015

Abstract Muscular rigidity and atrophy caused by long-term underactivity usually lead to foot drop, strephenopodia, foot extorsion or some other complications for the lower limb movement disorders or lower limb surgery sufferers. The ankle-foot orthosis can help patients conduct the right ankle motion mode training, inhibit spasm and prevent ankle complications. In this paper, a quasi-passive 3 DOFs ankle-foot wearable orthosis was designed on the basis of kinematics and dynamics analysis of the ankle joint. Ankle joint trajectory and dynamic characteristics similar to those of natural gait can be obtained by the combination of passive energy storage and additional power complement. In terms of function, the orthosis has shock absorption and low energy consumption. Given its excellent characteristics of comfortableness, lightweight, and anthropomorphic construction, the orthosis can be used in medical institutions for rehabilitation training or as a daily-walking auxiliary equipment for surgery sufferers.
Falls study: Proprioception, postural stability, and slips
Authors: Sohn Jeehoon , Kim Sukwon 
Published: August 2015

Abstract The present study evaluated effects of exercise training on the proprioception sensitivity, postural stability, and the likelihood of slip-induced falls. Eighteen older adults (6 in balance, 6 in weight, and 6 in control groups) participated in this study. Three groups met three times per week over the course of eight weeks. Ankle and knee proprioception sensitivities and postural stability were measured. Slip-induced events were introduced for all participants before and after training. The results indicated that, overall, strength and postural stability were improved only in the training group, although proprioception sensitivity was improved in all groups. Training for older adults resulted in decreased likelihood of slip-induced falls. The study suggested that proprioception can be improved by simply being active, however, the results suggested that training would aid older adults in reducing the likelihood of slip-induced falls.
Accelerating sino-atrium computer simulations with graphic processing units
Authors: Zhang Hong , Xiao Zheng , Lin Shien-fong 
Published: August 2015

Abstract Sino-atrial node cells (SANCs) play a significant role in rhythmic firing. To investigate their role in arrhythmia and interactions with the atrium, computer simulations based on cellular dynamic mathematical models are generally used. However, the large-scale computation usually makes research difficult, given the limited computational power of Central Processing Units (CPUs). In this paper, an accelerating approach with Graphic Processing Units (GPUs) is proposed in a simulation consisting of the SAN tissue and the adjoining atrium. By using the operator splitting method, the computational task was made parallel. Three parallelization strategies were then put forward. The strategy with the shortest running time was further optimized by considering block size, data transfer and partition. The results showed that for a simulation with 500 SANCs and 30 atrial cells, the execution time taken by the non-optimized program decreased 62% with respect to a serial program running on CPU. The execution time decreased by 80% after the program was optimized. The larger the tissue was, the more significant the acceleration became. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed GPU-accelerating methods and their promising applications in more complicated biological simulations.
Design of a biped robot actuated by pneumatic artificial muscles
Authors: Liu Yixiang , Zang Xizhe , Liu Xinyu , Wang Lin 
Published: August 2015

Abstract High compliant legs are essential for the efficient versatile locomotion and shock absorbency of humans. This study proposes a biped robot actuated by pneumatic artificial muscles to mimic human locomotion. On the basis of the musculoskeletal architecture of human lower limbs, each leg of the biped robot is modeled as a system of three segments, namely, hip joint, knee joint, and ankle joint, and eleven muscles, including both monoarticular and biarticular muscles. Each rotational joint is driven by a pair of antagonistic muscles, enabling joint compliance to be tuned by operating the pressure inside the muscles. Biarticular muscles play an important role in transferring power between joints. Walking simulations verify that biarticular muscles contribute to joint compliance and can absorb impact energy when the robot makes an impact upon ground contact.
Temporal integration reflected by frequency following response in auditory brainstem
Authors: Xu Qin , Ye Datian 
Published: August 2015

Abstract Auditory temporal integration (ATI) has been widely described in psychoacoustic studies, especially for loudness perception. Loudness increases with increasing sound duration for durations up to a time constant about 100 ∼ 200 ms, and then loudness becomes saturated with more duration increase. However, the electrophysiological mechanism underlying the ATI phenomenon has not been well understood. To investigate ATI at the brainstem level of auditory system and its relationship to cortical and behavioral ATI, frequency follow response (FFR) was acquired in our study. Simultaneously, ATI in auditory cortex was evaluated by cortical response P1. Behavioral loudness and electrophysiological measures were estimated from normal-hearing young adults for vowel /a/ whose durations varied from 50 ms to 175 ms. Significant effects of stimulus duration were found both on FFR and P1 amplitudes. Linear regression analysis revealed that as stimulus duration increased, brainstem FFR amplitude was significantly associated with cortical P1 amplitude and behavioral loudness, which confirmed the existence of temporal integration in auditory brainstem. Moreover, behavioral loudness ATI was better predicted using brainstem and cortical measures together than merely using each one separately, indicating an interplay and coordination for ATI across the three levels along auditory pathway.
A new method to accurately assess post-laser-surgery refractive changes with the intrinsic corneal power changes
Authors: Liu Yongji , Wang Zhaoqi , Wang Yan 
Published: August 2015

Abstract To evaluate the ability of assessing the refractive change induced by myopic laser surgery using the intrinsic data, obtained from a reference intrinsic to the cornea. Twenty-nine eyes with laser in situ keratomileusis for myopia were included in the study. Statistical analyses were performed to determine the relationship between refractive changes and two kinds of corneal power: KIP_value (obtained by keratometric index of 1.3375 and radius of curvature) and RIP_value (obtained by real corneal refraction index of 1.376 and radius of curvature). The comparisons were made between results given by intrinsic data and Pentacam HR. Preoperatively, the intrinsic radii of curvature are significantly less (p≪0.001) than those from Pentacam HR, while the intrinsic radii of curvature are significantly larger (p≪0.001) after surgery. The corneal power changes given by Pentacam HR always underestimate the refractive changes. However, the intrinsic data generally reduce the discrepancies between the corneal power and the refractive changes. The intrinsic KIP_value correlated best with the refractive changes at the corneal plane (p≪0.001) with a prediction error as low as 1.51%. The use of intrinsic data of the cornea can possibly provide an accurate estimation of surgically induced refractive changes.