bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nurses' views regarding implementing advance care planning for older people: a systematic review and synthesis of qualitative studies
Authors: Ke Li‐Shan , Huang Xiaoyan , O'Connor Margaret , Lee Susan 
Published: May 2015

Aims and objectivesTo explore nurses' views regarding implementing advance care planning for older people.BackgroundAdvance care planning is recommended as a way for older people to discuss their future care with family members and health professionals. Nurses play key roles in the process of advance care planning, including ensuring that patients are informed of their rights and that decisions are known to, and respected by, the health care team. Thus, understanding of nurses' experiences and perspectives regarding implementing advance care planning for older people is a significant topic for review.DesignQualitative meta‐synthesis.MethodsFour databases including CINAHL plus, Medline [EBSCOhost], EMBASE, and PsycINFO were searched, and 1844 articles were initially screened. Finally, 18 articles were critically appraised and a thematic synthesis was undertaken.ResultsFour themes were identified regarding implementation of advance care planning: perceived disadvantages and advantages of advance directives; nurses' responsibility and roles; facilitators and barriers; and nurses' needs and recommendations. Nurses felt that advance directives provided more advantages than disadvantages. Nurses generally believed that they were well positioned to engage in advance care planning conversations. Nurses perceived barriers relating to older people, families, environment, time, culture, cost, language and knowledge of health care teams with regard to advance care planning. In nurses' needs, education and support were highlighted.ConclusionsThis study provides useful knowledge for implementing advance care planning through illustrating nurses' experiences and perspectives. The results showed that nurses were more concerned about barriers in relation to working environment, teamwork, time and knowledge of health care team members than older people's characteristics, when implementing advance care planning.Relevance to clinical practiceThe findings provide nurses and administrators with information to develop related policies and education. Additionally, the appointment of nurses to formal roles related to advance care planning is appropriate and warranted.
Structural Brain Changes in Early‐Onset Alzheimer's Disease Subjects Using the LONI Pipeline Environment
Authors: Moon Seok Woo , Dinov Ivo D. , Hobel Sam , Zamanyan Alen , Choi Young Chil , Shi Ran , Thompson Paul M. , Toga Arthur W. ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEThis study investigates 36 subjects aged 55‐65 from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database to expand our knowledge of early‐onset (EO) Alzheimer's Disease (EO‐AD) using neuroimaging biomarkers.METHODSNine of the subjects had EO‐AD, and 27 had EO mild cognitive impairment (EO‐MCI). The structural ADNI data were parcellated using BrainParser, and the 15 most discriminating neuroimaging markers between the two cohorts were extracted using the Global Shape Analysis (GSA) Pipeline workflow. Then the Local Shape Analysis (LSA) Pipeline workflow was used to conduct local (per‐vertex) post‐hoc statistical analyses of the shape differences based on the participants’ diagnoses (EO‐MCI+EO‐AD). Tensor‐based Morphometry (TBM) and multivariate regression models were used to identify the significance of the structural brain differences based on the participants’ diagnoses.RESULTSThe significant between‐group regional differences using GSA were found in 15 neuroimaging markers. The results of the LSA analysis workflow were based on the subject diagnosis, age, years of education, apolipoprotein E (ε4), Mini‐Mental State Examination, visiting times, and logical memory as regressors. All the variables had significant effects on the regional shape measures. Some of these effects survived the false discovery rate (FDR) correction. Similarly, the TBM analysis showed significant effects on the Jacobian displacement vector fields, but these effects were reduced after FDR correction.CONCLUSIONSThese results may explain some of the differences between EO‐AD and EO‐MCI, and some of the characteristics of the EO cognitive impairment subjects.
SELF‐REPORTED MEDICATION ADHERENCE IN PATIENTS WITH END‐STAGE KIDNEY DISEASE UNDERGOING ONLINE‐HAEMODIAFILTRATION
Authors: Amado Leonilde , Ferreira Nuno , Miranda Vasco , Meireles Patricia , Povera Verónica , Ferreira Ricardo , Fazendeiro‐Matos João , Teixeira Laetitia , Paúl Constança , Santos‐Silva Alice , Costa Elísio 
Published: May 2015

SUMMARYIntroductionNon‐adherence to therapeutic regimens is a recognised problem in the dialysis population that compromises the opportunity to achieve maximum treatment effect and, therefore, might lead to increased morbidity and mortality. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of self‐reported medication non‐adherence in patients with end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD) undergoing online‐haemodiafiltration (OL‐HDF), as well as to evaluate the factors that could affect medication adherence.Patients and methodsWe evaluated 122 patients with ESKD undergoing OL‐HDF. Patients' reported medication adherence was measured by the Measure Treatment Adherence (MTS) scale. Social support was evaluated by the abbreviated Lubben Social Network Scale (LSNS); depression status by the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Socio‐demographic, co‐morbidity and clinical data were also evaluated.ResultsOur results showed that 10.7% of patients with ESKD perceived themselves as non‐adherent to medication. When two groups of patients (adherent and non‐adherents) were compared, significantly higher levels of triglycerides, and higher diastolic and systolic blood pressure were found in the non‐adherent group. Significant correlations were found between the MTS score, and diastolic blood pressure, age and GDS score. Multiple regression analysis identified age and the GDS score as independent variables significantly associated with the MTS score.ConclusionsNon‐adherence to therapeutic regimens in patients with ESKD is associated with higher levels of triglycerides and higher blood pressure and are, therefore, at a higher cardiovascular risk. Moreover, we found that age and depression status are important variables in non‐adherence to therapeutic regimens.
Use of cannabis in severe childhood epilepsy and child protection considerations
Authors: Yap Megan , Easterbrook Laura , Connors Jan , Koopmans Laura 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe use of medical cannabis in chronic illness is increasingly investigated, yet little is known about its use in paediatric populations. As child protection clinicians are often asked to provide advice around whether parents' actions to give medical cannabis to their chronically ill child constitutes harm or risk of harm, a review of the evidence base is required. This systematic review explores the use of cannabis‐derived products in children with seizure disorders. While a reduction in seizure activity was observed in some children, included studies were poorly designed and too small to extrapolate reliable conclusions about clinical use. Due to the lack of high‐quality evidence, the use of cannabis‐derived products is currently not recommended in children with seizure disorders. However, in assessing risk and harm to subject children by child protection physicians in Australia with existing State and Territory legislation, evaluation must occur on a case‐to‐case basis with each instance considered on its individual merits. Clinical trials addressing drug efficacy and long‐term safety of cannabis‐derived products are required.
Dwarf tapeworm (Hymenolepis nana): Characteristics in the Northern Territory 2002–2013
Authors: Willcocks Briony , McAuliffe Gary N , Baird Robert W 
Published: May 2015

AimReview of dwarf tapeworm (Hymenolepis nana) presentations to Northern Territory (NT) Government health‐care facilities over 12 years. We postulated H. nana infections would remain unchanged despite the introduction of deworming programmes as H. nana is not eradicated with albendazole treatment.MethodsA retrospective observational analysis of consecutive microbiologically confirmed cases of H. nana identified by NT Government health‐care facilities between 2002 and 2013.ResultsFour hundred sixty‐one episodes of H. nana infection were identified over the 12‐year period from 68 387 faecal samples. Infections were overwhelmingly in young children with a median age of patients being 3.0 years (interquartile range 2.25–4.67). Patients were predominantly Indigenous (98.9%, P = 0.001) and infections occurred across the entire NT. Infections were associated with anaemia (18.2%) and eosinophilia (39.6%). The annual prevalence of NT Government health‐care facility diagnosed H. nana infection remains relatively constant from 6.9 {4.8–9.0 (confidence interval (CI))} cases per 10 000 Indigenous population in 2002, compared with 6.6 (4.7–8.4 CI) cases per 10 000 Indigenous population in 2013. Infection rates in Indigenous children <5 years of age were: 46.1 (16.4–75.8 CI) cases/10 000 in 2002, compared with 44.3 (15.3–73.3 CI) cases/10 000 Indigenous population in 2013.ConclusionH. nana is the most frequently identified cestode (tapeworm) in NT Government health‐care facilities. H. nana remains endemic throughout the NT, predominantly infecting Indigenous children less than 5 years of age.
Childhood hepatitis C virus infection: An Australian national surveillance study of incident cases over five years
Authors: Raynes‐Greenow Camille , Polis Suzanne , Elliott Elizabeth , Hardikar Winita , Kesson Alison , Kaldor John , Jones Cheryl A 
Published: May 2015

AimAn estimated 1.1% of Australian adults are infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). Many develop chronic liver disease, and some develop liver failure or hepatocellular carcinoma. HCV infection in Australian children is poorly defined. We aimed to determine the reported incidence, clinical and epidemiological features of newly diagnosed HCV infection in Australian children presenting to paediatricians.MethodsWe undertook prospective active national surveillance, using the Australian Paediatric Surveillance Unit, of incident HCV cases in children aged <15 years between 1st January 2003, and 31st December 2007.ResultsThere were 45 confirmed cases of newly diagnosed HCV infection over five years (<1 per 100 000 children aged <15 years per year). Median age at diagnosis was 2.9 years. Positive maternal HCV serostatus was the most frequent reported risk factor for HCV infection in children (40/45). Three children (all aged > 14), were exposed through their own IV drug use. No children were co‐infected with HIV and only one child was co‐infected with HBV. All children were asymptomatic at diagnosis, although many had minor elevations in liver transaminases. Many clinicians reported difficulties with follow‐up.ConclusionsChildhood HCV infection is uncommon in Australia, although our data likely underestimate the incidence. Only a small number of children aged <18 months was identified, despite known perinatal exposure. Opportunistic investigation of children at risk for HCV, improved education regarding vertical transmission for health care providers, and increased coordination of childhood HCV services are required to improve recognition and management of children with HCV.
Candida species bloodstream infections in hospitalised children: A 10‐year experience
Authors: Chan Shannon , Baley Elizabeth D , Hossain Jobayer , Di Pentima M Cecilia 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn a 10‐year retrospective study we assessed the epidemiology of candidemia and the association between the presence and removal of indwelling central venous catheters, antifungal use and clinical outcomes among hospitalised children. Demographic and clinical information were retrieved from the electronic medical records. One hundred six episodes of candidemia were identified in 83 unique patients. Candida parapsilosis was the most prevalent (52%) species, followed by C. albicans (25%). Non‐oncologic children receiving fluconazole within 30 days of developing candidemia were most likely to develop C. parapsilosis infection (40%, P = 0.006), independent of total parenteral nutrition (odds ratio (OR) 2.5, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.6–11, P = 0.3). Crude mortality rate was 12% and significantly higher for children less than 2 years (OR: 6.7, 95% CI: 1.9–23, P = 0.003), and those infected with C. lusitaniae (OR: 9, 95% CI: 1.6–51, P = 0.02). The aggregate use of antifungal agents decreased overtime (χ2: 16.7, P < 0.0001). Fluconazole remained the most common antifungal agent used during the study.
Could a trace mineral deficiency be associated with congenital chondrodystrophy of unknown origin (CCUO) in beef cattle in Australia?
Authors: White P. J. 
Published: May 2015

SummaryCongenital chondrodystrophy of unknown origin (CCUO) has been reported in beef cattle worldwide. A trace mineral deficiency in pregnant dams has been suggested as causing the deformities seen in CCUO calves. An extended outbreak of CCUO in Australia between 2002 and 2009 provided an opportunity to examine the pattern of trace mineral status in gestating cows and the effect of parenteral trace mineral supplementation on a herd at risk of CCUO calves. A property with a strong history of CCUO was identified from a previous case–control study. A randomly selected sample of multiparous (8 to 10 years old) Angus and Angus cross cows (n = 20) was assigned to control (no injection) or supplement group given three injections at the recommended dose rate of chelated mineral supplement (Mn, Zn, Cu and Se) at 6‐week intervals in mid‐ to late gestation. Liver biopsies were performed to measure liver Mn, Zn, Cu and Fe at each injection time and 1 month post‐calving. Pasture samples were also collected for analysis. Supplemented cows had higher liver Cu levels compared to control cows (p < 0.001), but there was no difference between supplement and control cows for liver Zn, Fe or Mn. Liver Cu (p < 0.001), Fe (p < 0.001) and Zn (p < 0.001) fell during gestation and liver Mn increased after calving (p < 0.001). Three cows from the control group and two from the supplement group had liver zinc levels below the normal values at the end of the trial. Two cows from the control group and one from the treatment group gave birth to cows with signs of CCUO including superior brachygnathia. All cows except one from the control group had rough dry coats with excessive dander. The role of trace mineral status in the birth of CCUO calves, especially the role of zinc deficiency, requires further investigation.
Assessing the Dynamic Rheology at Various Frequencies of Surimi Paste as Affected by Heating Rates and Moisture Contents
Authors: Poowakanjana Samanan , Park Jae W. , Moon Ji hoon , Yoon Won Byong 
Published: May 2015

AbstractDynamic rheological properties of Alaska pollock (AP) surimi as affected by various heating rates (1, 5, 10, 20 and 30C/min) and moisture contents (75, 78 and 81%) were investigated at different frequencies (0.1, 1 and 10 Hz). Elastic modulus (G′) decreased as heating rate increased regardless of frequencies applied during temperature sweep. A temperature lag between heating plate and sample specimen was found at heating rates above 5C/min. A magnitude of change in phase angle between 30 and 50C, where light meromyosin unfolds and aggregates, increased significantly as heating rates changed from 1 to 30C/min, indicating fast heating is not favored for gel formation of pollock surimi. The slowest frequency applied (0.1 Hz) was more effective in examining the dynamic rheology of fish proteins. High moisture content (81%) exhibited a slowly ascending G′ curve after gelling point and indicated slow completion of gelation.Practical ApplicationsOur results showed that the controlling heating rates and moisture contents may be employed to optimize the gelation of Alaska pollock (AP) surimi. In addition, the low frequency (0.1 Hz) well differentiated the effects of heating rate and moisture content on the rheological properties. Especially, the gelation with a slow heating rate, which significantly enhanced the rheological properties of AP surimi gels, maybe practically applied to control the heating process of various surimi seafood products, such as fish balls. Our new findings may be applied to estimate the effect of heating rate and the moisture contents on the rheological properties of surimi from other species.
Oral Processing of Low Water Content Foods – A Development to Hutchings and Lillford's Breakdown Path
Authors: Hawthornthwaite David , Ramjan Yaneez , Rosenthal Andrew 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe “hard‐to‐swallow” phenomenon previously reported for peanut paste has been investigated for other oil seed butters. The temporal dominance of sensation (TDS) technique showed similar findings, adding to the list of materials that do not follow Hutchings and Lillford's breakdown path (Journal of Texture Studies 19: 103–115). From our data, we propose a modification to the Hutchings and Lillford model that allows for initial hydration of dry foods. The model holds well for oil seed pastes and may also help to explain the behavior of some dry, carbohydrate‐rich foods previously constrained to fit extant models. Because TDS does not measure the magnitude of an attribute, we undertook time intensity studies to assess stickiness of peanut pastes during oral processing. In the absence of another attribute becoming dominant, the intensity of sticky/cohesive sensations may remain paramount but diminish in intensity, prior to swallowing.Practical ApplicationsModeling oral processing may help us to understand the triggers for swallowing and thus assist people with swallowing difficulties (dysphagia). The much cited model developed by Hutchings and Lillford appears not to hold for all foods and exceptions necessarily require further investigation. This paper considers other published studies on oral processing of low water foods, offering an alternative interpretation to those previously given.
Carbon allocation in aquatic plants with contrasting strategies: the role of habitat nutrient content
Authors: Grasset Charlotte , Delolme Cécile , Arthaud Florent , Bornette Gudrun 
Published: May 2015

AbstractQuestionsThe link between the carbon composition of aquatic plants and (1) plant strategies and (2) habitat nutrient availability has received little attention. We tested whether three aquatic species belonging to the three adaptive strategies defined by Grime (ruderal, stress tolerant and competitive) had contrasting carbon allocation patterns, and if these patterns varied in the same way between populations distributed along a gradient of habitat nutrient content.LocationWetlands in the northern Rhône River Basin, France.MethodsThe three species were sampled in 17 wetlands along a gradient of nutrient content in the northern Rhône River Basin. In each population sampled, we measured plant water content, C/N ratio, structural compounds (lignin and structural polysaccharides) and storage compounds (free sugars and starch) in two seasons (spring and autumn 2012).ResultsThe stress‐tolerant species had higher content of structural compounds than the competitive and ruderal species. The content of storage compounds was higher in the competitive and stress‐tolerant species compared to the ruderal species. Allocation of carbon compounds varied with habitat nutrient content in different ways for the three species, suggesting contrasting plasticities, possibly linked to plant strategy.ConclusionPlant strategies and habitat nutrient content are likely key drivers in plant carbon allocation and should be taken into account when studying interactions between habitat and plant quality.
Clusterin/Apolipoprotein J immunoreactivity is associated with white matter damage in cerebral small vessel diseases
Authors: Craggs Lucinda , Taylor Julie , Slade Janet Y. , Chen Aiqing , Hagel Christian , Kuhlenbaeumer Gregor , Borjesson‐Hanson Anne , Viitanen Matti , Kalimo Hannu , Deramecourt Vincent , Oakley Arthur E. , Kalaria Raj N. 
Published: May 2015

AimBrain clusterin is known to be associated with the amyloid‐β deposits in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We assessed the distribution of clusterin immunoreactivity in cerebrovascular disorders, particularly focusing on white matter changes in small vessel diseases.MethodsPost‐mortem brain tissues from the frontal or temporal lobes of a total of 70 subjects with various disorders including cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL), cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) and AD were examined using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. We further used immunogold electron microscopy to study clusterin immunoreactivity in extracellular deposits in CADASIL.ResultsImmunostaining with clusterin antibodies revealed strong localization in arterioles and capillaries, besides cortical neurones. We found that clusterin immunostaining was significantly increased in the frontal white matter of CADASIL and pontine autosomal dominant microangiopathy and leukoencephalopathy subjects. In addition, clusterin immunostaining correlated with white matter pathology severity scores. Immunostaining in axons ranged from fine punctate deposits in single axons to larger confluent areas with numerous swollen axon bulbs, similar to that observed with known axon damage markers such as non‐phosphorylated neurofilament H and the amyloid precursor protein. Immunofluorescence and immunogold electron microscopy experiments showed that whereas clusterin immunoreactivity was closely associated with vascular amyloid‐β in CAA, it was lacking within the granular osmiophilic material immunolabelled by NOTCH3 extracelluar domain aggregates found in CADASIL.ConclusionsOur results suggest a wider role for clusterin associated with white matter damage in addition to its ability to chaperone proteins for clearance via the perivascular drainage pathways in several disease states.
Quantitative trait loci mapping of freezing tolerance and photosynthetic acclimation to cold in winter two‐ and six‐rowed barley
Authors: Tyrka Mirosław , Rapacz Marcin , Fiust Anna , Wójcik‐Jagła Magdalena 
Published: May 2015

AbstractPhotoacclimation (PA) and freezing tolerance (FT) have been identified as closely related traits, due to common mechanisms of environmental control. In this study, diversity array technology (DArT) was used for identification of the quantitative trait loci (QTL) of FT and PA in winter barley. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were subsequently used to saturate QTL regions. Two F2 mapping populations were created, for two‐rowed (P44) and six‐rowed barley (CaP). Different regions of the genome were responsible for differences in traits between parents in these two populations. Eleven QTLs were identified in the P44 population, including five typical for FT and PA, on chromosomes 2H, 3H and 7H. In the CaP population, only one QTL connected with PA and 10 connected with FT were found on all chromosomes except 2H. Our results demonstrate that different sets of markers should be applied in marker‐assisted selection for FT in two‐ and six‐rowed barley, as several loci determine FT at the level of biparental crosses.
Ecthyma Gangrenosum Caused by Escherichia coli in a Previously Healthy Girl
Authors: Mouna Korbi , Akkari Hayet , Faten Hammedi , Yosra Kadri , Hichem Belhadjali , Maha Mastouri , Abdelfatteh Zakhama , Jamelledine Zili 
Published: May 2015

AbstractEcthyma gangrenosum is a characteristic lesion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa sepsis in immunocompromised patients. Only eight cases of ecthyma gangrenosum caused by Escherichia coli have been reported. We report a case of ecthyma gangrenosum due to E. coli without bacteremia in a previously healthy girl.