bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes and Care of Patients With Acute Heart Failure Syndromes and Cardiac Troponin Elevation
Authors: Braga Juarez R. , Tu Jack V. , Austin Peter C. , Chong Alice , You John J. , Farkouh Michael E. , Ross Heather J. , Lee Douglas S. 
Published: February 2013

Background—
Cardiac troponins (cTn) may be elevated among patients with acute heart failure syndromes (AHFS). However, the optimal approach to management of AHFS with elevated cTn is unknown.

Methods and Results—

We compared the care and outcomes of 13 656 patients with AHFS seeking care in the emergency department stratified by presence (cTn+, n=1845, 13.5%) or absence (cTn−) of elevated troponin. Clinically abstracted data on patients who were admitted or discharged from the emergency department in Ontario, Canada (April 1999 to March 2001 and April 2004 to March 2007) were examined. In an exploratory 2:1 propensity-matched analysis, we examined whether early coronary revascularization (within 14 days of emergency department visit) was associated with survival, stratified by cTn status. For cTn+ AHFS, rates of coronary angiography (21.8 vs 11.4 patients/100 person-years;
P
<0.001) and coronary revascularization (8.8 vs 3.2 patients/100 person-years;
P
<0.001) were higher than cTn−. Instantaneous 30-day adjusted hazard ratios for cTn+ versus cTn− patients were 9.17 (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.31–10.12;
P
<0.001) for death, 5.14 (95% CI, 4.66–5.67;
P
<0.001) for cardiovascular readmission, and 13.08 (95% CI, 10.95–15.62;
P
<0.001) for ischemic heart disease hospitalization. In propensity-matched analysis of 143 individuals with cTn+ AHFS, early coronary revascularization was associated with reduced mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.09–0.92;
P
=0.036) compared with those who were not revascularized. Mortality was not significantly reduced among 210 cTn− patients undergoing early coronary revascularization (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.36–1.03;
P
=0.065).

Conclusions—
Elevated cTn was associated with increased risk of death and cardiovascular hospitalizations. Highly selected cTn+ patients who underwent early coronary revascularization for obstructive coronary artery disease experienced improved survival.
Minimally Invasive Surgery Plus Recombinant Tissue-type Plasminogen Activator for Intracerebral Hemorrhage Evacuation Decreases Perihematomal Edema
Authors: Mould W. Andrew , Carhuapoma J. Ricardo , Muschelli John , Lane Karen , Morgan Timothy C. , McBee Nichol A. , Bistran-Hall Amanda J. , Ullman Natalie L. , Vespa Paul , Martin Neil A. , Awad Issam , Zuccarello Mario , Hanley Daniel F. 
Published: February 2013

Background and Purpose—
Perihematomal edema (PHE) can worsen outcomes after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Reports suggest that blood degradation products lead to PHE. We hypothesized that hematoma evacuation will reduce PHE volume and that treatment with recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) will not exacerbate it.

Methods—
Minimally invasive surgery and rt-PA in ICH evacuation (MISTIE) phase II tested safety and efficacy of hematoma evacuation after ICH. We conducted a semiautomated, computerized volumetric analysis on computed tomography to assess impact of hematoma removal on PHE and effects of rt-PA on PHE. Volumetric analyses were performed on baseline stability and end of treatment scans.

Results—

Seventy-nine surgical and 39 medical patients from minimally invasive surgery and rt-PA in ICH evacuation phase II (MISTIE II) were analyzed. Mean hematoma volume at end of treatment was 19.6±14.5 cm
3
for the surgical cohort and 40.7±13.9 cm
3
for the medical cohort (
P
<0.001). Edema volume at end of treatment was lower for the surgical cohort: 27.7±13.3 cm
3
than medical cohort: 41.7±14.6 cm
3
(
P
<0.001). Graded effect of clot removal on PHE was observed when patients with >65%, 20% to 65%, and <20% ICH removed were analyzed (
P
<0.001). Positive correlation between PHE reduction and percent of ICH removed was identified (ρ=0.658;
P
<0.001). In the surgical cohort, 69 patients underwent surgical aspiration and rt-PA, whereas 10 underwent surgical aspiration only. Both cohorts achieved similar clot reduction: surgical aspiration and rt-PA, 18.9±14.5 cm
3
; and surgical aspiration only, 24.5±14.0 cm
3
(
P
=0.26). Edema at end of treatment in surgical aspiration and rt-PA was 28.1±13.8 cm
3
and 24.4±8.6 cm
3
in surgical aspiration only (
P
=0.41).

Conclusions—
Hematoma evacuation is associated with significant reduction in PHE. Furthermore, PHE does not seem to be exacerbated by rt-PA, making such neurotoxic effects unlikely when the drug is delivered to intracranial clot.
Subarachnoid Extension of Primary Intracerebral Hemorrhage is Associated With Poor Outcomes
Authors: Maas Matthew B. , Nemeth Alexander J. , Rosenberg Neil F. , Kosteva Adam R. , Guth James C. , Liotta Eric M. , Prabhakaran Shyam , Naidech Andrew M. 
Published: February 2013

Background and Purpose—
Extension of hemorrhage into the subarachnoid space is observed in primary intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), yet the phenomenon has undergone limited study and is of unknown significance. The objective of this study is to evaluate the incidence, characteristics, and clinical consequences of subarachnoid hemorrhage extension (SAHE) in ICH on functional outcomes.

Methods—
Patients with primary ICH were enrolled into a prospective registry between December 2006 and June 2012. Patients were managed and serial neuroimaging was obtained per a structured protocol. Presence of any subarachnoid blood on imaging was identified as SAHE by expert reviewers blinded to outcomes. Regression models were developed to test whether the occurrence of SAHE was an independent predictor of functional outcomes as measured with the modified Rankin Scale.

Results—

Of 234 patients with ICH, 93 (39.7%) had SAHE. Interrater agreement for SAHE was excellent (kappa=0.991). SAHE was associated with lobar hemorrhage location (65% of SAHE vs 19% of non-SAHE cases;
P
<0.001) and larger hematoma volumes (median 23.8 vs 6.7;
P
<0.001). Fever (69.9% vs 51.1%;
P
=0.005) and seizures (8.6% vs 2.8%;
P
=0.07) were more common in patients with SAHE. SAHE was a predictor of death by day 14 (odds ratio, 4.45; 95% confidence interval, 1.88–10.53;
P
=0.001) and of higher (worse) modified Rankin Scale scores at 28 days (odds ratio, 1.76 per mRS point; 95% confidence interval, 1.01–3.05;
P
=0.012) after adjustment for ICH score.

Conclusions—
SAHE is associated with worse modified Rankin Scale independent of traditional ICH severity measures. Underlying mechanisms and potential treatments of SAHE require further study.
The Differential Impact of Education on Young People’s Political Activism: Comparing Italy and the United Kingdom
Authors: Grasso Maria 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
It is a common theme in the literature on voter turnout that advanced Western democracies have entered a period of political disengagement and that it is young people, in particular, that participate less. In this paper, I analyse data from the three waves of the European Social Survey and show that while young people are in general less likely to be politically involved than their elders, these differences are greater in the United Kingdom than in Italy. In addition, I show that controlling for education accounts for differences in political participation between young and older people in Italy. However, education does not appear to mediate youth political involvement in the United Kingdom so that normative concerns about youth political disengagement appear to be more appropriate for the latter of the two countries.
IR Radiation from Trees to a Ski Run: A Case Study
Authors: Howard Rosie , Stull Roland 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAccurately calculating the surface radiation budget of a groomed ski run is crucial when determining snow surface temperature and other snow-related variables, knowledge of which is important for ski racing. Downwelling longwave radiation can compose a large part of the surface radiation budget in mountainous terrain. At a location on a ski run, a portion of the downwelling longwave radiation comes from the sky and a portion comes from tall evergreen trees. Infrared photographs taken during daytime at a ski run on Whistler Mountain, British Columbia, Canada, for a clear-sky day in February 2012 show that trees can enhance the downwelling longwave radiation at the center of the ski run considerably, with a maximum estimated enhancement of 75.6 ± 16.8 W m−2 for trees in direct sunlight. The average needle and trunk brightness temperatures from the IR photographs were correlated with measured meteorological data. Regressions were found to allow estimation of longwave radiation from trees using nearby routine meteorological data. Absolute errors in tree longwave radiation estimations using the derived trunk and needle temperatures did not exceed 4 W m−2. The effect of the intervening air upon longwave radiative transfer between trees and the point of interest on the ski run was found to be small for these very short pathlengths of 50 m or less. These results can be used to improve calculations of the surface radiation budget of a groomed ski run under clear skies.
On Adding Thermodynamic Damping Mechanisms to Refine Two Classical Models of Katabatic Winds
Authors: Mo Ruping 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The Prandtl and layer-averaged models of katabatic winds contain some nonphysical singularities in the analytical solutions, which give unbounded steady flow anomalies at zero slope angles or adiabatic lapse rates. This study presents some simple refinements of these two classical models, in which the aforementioned singularities are removed when Newtonian cooling and Rayleigh friction are included in the system. It is pointed out that, in the limit of zero slope angles or adiabatic lapse rates, the along-slope buoyancy force and the adiabatic heating caused by air descending approach zero. Under such circumstances, a bounded steady solution for the katabatic winds is impossible unless some damping mechanisms are included to retard the anomalies induced by the radiative cooling effect in the boundary layer. Newtonian cooling and Rayleigh friction are the two simplest thermodynamic damping mechanisms that can be included to balance the effects of eddy viscosity and eddy thermal conductivity in the katabatic-flow model. Physically speaking, the Newtonian cooling term represents a small partition of the radiative effect and the Rayleigh friction term represents an approximation of the bottom drag effect in a turbulent boundary layer.
Carbon–Concentration and Carbon–Climate Feedbacks in CMIP5 Earth System Models
Authors: Arora Vivek K. , Boer George J. , Friedlingstein Pierre , Eby Michael , Jones Chris D. , Christian James R. , Bonan Gordon , Bopp Laurent , Brovkin Victor , Cadule Patricia , Hajima Tomohiro , Ilyina Tatiana , Lindsay Keith , Tjiputra Jerry F. , Wu Tongwen 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe magnitude and evolution of parameters that characterize feedbacks in the coupled carbon–climate system are compared across nine Earth system models (ESMs). The analysis is based on results from biogeochemically, radiatively, and fully coupled simulations in which CO2 increases at a rate of 1% yr−1. These simulations are part of phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). The CO2 fluxes between the atmosphere and underlying land and ocean respond to changes in atmospheric CO2 concentration and to changes in temperature and other climate variables. The carbon–concentration and carbon–climate feedback parameters characterize the response of the CO2 flux between the atmosphere and the underlying surface to these changes. Feedback parameters are calculated using two different approaches. The two approaches are equivalent and either may be used to calculate the contribution of the feedback terms to diagnosed cumulative emissions. The contribution of carbon–concentration feedback to diagnosed cumulative emissions that are consistent with the 1% increasing CO2 concentration scenario is about 4.5 times larger than the carbon–climate feedback. Differences in the modeled responses of the carbon budget to changes in CO2 and temperature are seen to be 3–4 times larger for the land components compared to the ocean components of participating models. The feedback parameters depend on the state of the system as well the forcing scenario but nevertheless provide insight into the behavior of the coupled carbon–climate system and a useful common framework for comparing models.
Nonlinear Effects of Coexisting Surface and Atmospheric Forcing of Anthropogenic Absorbing Aerosols: Impact on the South Asian Monsoon Onset
Authors: Lee Shao-Yi , Shin Ho-Jeong , Wang Chien 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The direct radiative effect of absorbing aerosols consists of absorption-induced atmospheric heating together with scattering- and absorption-induced surface cooling. It is thus important to understand whether some of the reported climate impacts of anthropogenic absorbing aerosols are mainly due to the coexistence of these two opposite effects and to what extent the nonlinearity raised from such coexistence would become a critical factor. To answer these questions specifically regarding the South Asia summer monsoon with focus on aerosol-induced changes in monsoon onset, a set of century-long simulations using the Community Earth System Model, version 1.0.3 (CESM 1.0.3), of NCAR with fully coupled atmosphere and ocean components was conducted. Prescribed direct heating to the atmosphere and cooling to the surface were applied in the simulations over the Indian subcontinent, either alone or combined, during the aerosol-laden months of May and June. Over many places in the Indian subcontinent, the nonlinear effect dominates in the changes of subcloud layer moist static energy, precipitation, and monsoon onset. The surface cooling effect of aerosols appears to shift anomalous precipitative cooling away from the aerosol-forcing region and hence turn the negative feedback to aerosol-induced atmospheric heating into a positive feedback on the monsoon circulation through latent heat release over the Himalayan foothills. Moisture processes form the critical chain mediating local aerosol direct effects and onset changes in the monsoon system.
Direct Measurements of the Luzon Undercurrent
Authors: Hu Dunxin , Hu Shijian , Wu Lixin , Li Lei , Zhang Linlin , Diao Xinyuan , Chen Zhaohui , Li Yuanlong , Wang Fan , Yuan Dongliang 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The Luzon Undercurrent (LUC) was discovered about 20 years ago by geostrophic calculation from conductivity–temperature–depth (CTD) data. But it was not directly measured until 2010. From November 2010 to July 2011, the LUC was first directly measured by acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) from a subsurface mooring at 18.0°N, 122.7°E to the east of Luzon Island. A number of new features of the LUC were identified from the measurements of the current. Its depth covers a range from 400 m to deeper than 700 m. The observed maximum velocity of the LUC, centered at about 650 m, could exceed 27.5 cm s−1, four times stronger than the one derived from previous geostrophic calculation with hydrographic data. According to the time series available, the seasonality of the LUC strength is in winter &gt; summer &gt; spring. Significant intraseasonal variability (ISV; 70–80 days) of the LUC is exposed. Evidence exists to suggest that a large portion of the intraseasonal variability in the LUC is related to the westward propagation of mesoscale eddies from the east of the mooring site.
A Hybrid MPI–OpenMP Parallel Algorithm and Performance Analysis for an Ensemble Square Root Filter Designed for Multiscale Observations
Authors: Wang Yunheng , Jung Youngsun , Supinie Timothy A. , Xue Ming 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA hybrid parallel scheme for the ensemble square root filter (EnSRF) suitable for parallel assimilation of multiscale observations, including those from dense observational networks such as those of radar, is developed based on the domain decomposition strategy. The scheme handles internode communication through a message passing interface (MPI) and the communication within shared-memory nodes via Open Multiprocessing (OpenMP) threads. It also supports pure MPI and pure OpenMP modes. The parallel framework can accommodate high-volume remote-sensed radar (or satellite) observations as well as conventional observations that usually have larger covariance localization radii.The performance of the parallel algorithm has been tested with simulated and real radar data. The parallel program shows good scalability in pure MPI and hybrid MPI–OpenMP modes, while pure OpenMP runs exhibit limited scalability on a symmetric shared-memory system. It is found that in MPI mode, better parallel performance is achieved with domain decomposition configurations in which the leading dimension of the state variable arrays is larger, because this configuration allows for more efficient memory access. Given a fixed amount of computing resources, the hybrid parallel mode is preferred to pure MPI mode on supercomputers with nodes containing shared-memory cores. The overall performance is also affected by factors such as the cache size, memory bandwidth, and the networking topology. Tests with a real data case with a large number of radars confirm that the parallel data assimilation can be done on a multicore supercomputer with a significant speedup compared to the serial data assimilation algorithm.
Comorbidity, Complications, and Survival of Sinonasal Malignancies in Young and Elderly Treated by Surgery
Authors: Halmos Gyorgy B. , Peters Thomas T. A. , Roodenburg Jan L. N. , van Dijk Boukje A. C. , van der Laan Bernard F. A. M. 
Published: February 2013

ObjectiveSinonasal malignancies are uncommon neoplasms with several histological subtypes, most commonly treated with surgery and postoperative radiotherapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate complications and survival, focusing on differences between elderly and younger patients undergoing surgery.Study DesignHistorical cohort based on medical records.SettingTertial referral center.Subjects and MethodsMedical charts of 103 surgically treated patients (71 patients younger than 70 years and 32 patients aged 70 years and older) in a tertiary referral center with sinonasal malignancy were retrospectively analyzed. Comorbidity was scored according to the Adult Comorbidity Evaluation 27 system. Treatment outcomes were analyzed by collecting treatment‐related complications scores and survival data.ResultsAlthough comorbidity was more common in elderly patients, no significant differences were recorded in complications. In multivariate analysis, length of surgery was the only predictor for complication. Furthermore, no significant differences were seen in disease‐specific survival and recurrence in young and elderly patients. Young patients with malignant epithelial tumors and melanoma had worse overall survival than patients with other histological subtypes. However, in elderly patients, no significant differences were seen in survival between histological subtypes.ConclusionFor complications, survival, and recurrence, no differences were seen between young and elderly patients. Based on this study, surgery can also be safely performed in elderly sinonasal cancer patients after careful preoperative evaluation and patient selection.
Assessment of nasal parameters in determination of olfactory dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Kotan Dilcan , Tatar Arzu , Aygul Recep , Ulvi Hizir 
Published: February 2013

Objectives To assess nasal cycle, nasal mucosal pH and mucociliary clearance time in patients with Parkinson’s disease and healthy control subjects. Methods Patients with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease and healthy control subjects were recruited. Presence of the nasal cycle, nasal mucosa pH and mucociliary clearance time were investigated in all participants. Results The study included 27 patients and 24 control subjects. The nasal cycle was present in significantly fewer patients than controls. Nasal pH and mucociliary clearance time were significantly higher in patients than in controls. Conclusions Parkinson’s disease is associated with alterations in nasal cycle, nasal mucosa pH and mucociliary clearance time. Measurements of these nasal parameters may be useful for the early diagnosis of autonomic and olfactory dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease.
Isolated Anterior Talofibular Ligament Broström Repair for Chronic Lateral Ankle Instability
Authors: Maffulli Nicola , Del Buono Angelo , Maffulli Gayle D. , Oliva Francesco , Testa Vittorino , Capasso Giovanni , Denaro Vincenzo 
Published: February 2013

Background: Lateral ankle sprains may result in pain and disability in the short term, decreased sport activity and early retirement from sports in the mid term, and secondary injuries and development of early osteoarthritis to the ankle in the long term. Hypothesis: This combined approach to chronic lateral instability and intra-articular lesions of the ankle is safe and in the long term maintains mechanical stability, functional ability, and a good level of sport activity. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: We present the long-term outcomes of 42 athletes who underwent ankle arthroscopy and anterior talofibular Broström repair for management of chronic lateral ankle instability. We assessed in all patients preoperative and postoperative anterior drawer test and side-to-side differences, American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score, and Kaikkonen grading scales. Patients were asked about return to sport and level of activity. Patients were also assessed for development of degenerative changes to the ankle, and preoperative versus postoperative findings were compared. Results: Thirty-eight patients were reviewed at an average of 8.7 years (range, 5-13 years) after surgery; 4 patients were lost to follow-up. At the last follow-up, patients were significantly improved for ankle laxity, AOFAS scores, and Kaikkonen scales. The mean AOFAS score improved from 51 (range, 32-71) to 90 (range, 67-100), and the mean Kaikkonen score improved from 45 (range, 30-70) to 90 (range, 65-100). According to outcome criteria set preoperatively, there were 8 failures by the AOFAS score and 9 by the Kaikkonen score. Twenty-two (58%) patients practiced sport at the preinjury level, 6 (16%) had changed to lower levels but were still active in less demanding sports (cycling and tennis), and 10 (26%) had abandoned active sport participation although they still were physically active. Six of these patients did not feel safe with their ankle because of the occurrence of new episodes of ankle instability. Of the 27 patients who had no evidence of degenerative changes preoperatively, 8 patients (30%) had radiographic signs of degenerative changes (5 grade I and 3 grade II) of the ankle; 4 of the 11 patients (11%) with preexisting grade I changes remained unchanged, and 7 patients (18%) had progressed to grade II. No correlation was found between osteoarthritis and status of sport activity ( P = .72). Conclusion: Combined Broström repair and ankle arthroscopy are safe and allow most patients to return to preinjury daily and sport activities.