bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of dimethyldodecyl quaternary ammonium polyether polysiloxane and its film morphology and performance on fabrics
Authors: An Qiufeng , Zhao Jie , Li Xianqi , Wei Yuanbo , Qin Wen 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTA novel comb‐like polysiloxane (QPEPS) bearing dimethyldodecyl quaternary ammonium polyether groups (QPEs) was synthesized by reaction of epoxy polyether polysiloxane, which was prepared from polymethylhydrosiloxane (PHMS) and allyl polyether epoxy (APEE500) via hydrosilylation, with N,N‐dimethyldodecylamine (DMDA) in the presence of acetic acid (HAc). Chemical structure, film morphology, and performance of the synthesized polysiloxane on cotton and its mimic substrates were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectrum, nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum, field emission scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and so on. As expected, the QPEPS was easily emulsified into a clear, uniform micro‐emulsion with a mean size of about 20 nm. Since the presence of a large number of cationic QPEs pendant in the side chains, the QPEPS exhibited microscopic inhomogeneous morphology with many pinnacles projected on the film surface. As a result, the root mean square roughness (Rq) of the QPEPS film reached 0.615 nm in 2 µm × 2 µm scanning field and the largest height of the pinnacles achieved 7.618 nm. And under the influence of the QPEs, the QPEPS provided the treated fabrics with not only very soft handle, but also excellent hygroscopicity. And the wettability of the treated fabrics reached 1–3 s. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40612.
Bis[3‐(diethoxyphosphoryl)propyl]diallylammonium chloride: Synthesis and use of its cyclopolymer as an antiscalant
Authors: Ali Shaikh A. , Haladu Shamsuddeen A. , Al‐Muallem Hasan A. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA new symmetrically substituted cationic monomer bis[3‐(diethoxyphosphoryl)propyl]diallylammonium chloride has been synthesized and cyclopolymerized to give the corresponding cationic polyelectrolyte (+) (CPE) bearing two identical (diethoxyphosphoryl)propyl penedents on the pyrrolidinium repeating units. The hydrolysis of the phosphonate ester in (+) (CPE) gave a pH‐responsive cationic polyacid (+) (CPA) bearing the motifs of a tetrabasic acid. The (+) (CPA) under pH‐induced transformation was converted into a water‐insoluble polyzwitterion acid (±) (PZA) or water‐soluble polyzwitterion/monoanion (± −) (PZMAN) or polyzwitterion/dianion (± =) (PZDAN) or polyzwitterion/trianion (± ≡) (PZTAN), all having identical degree of polymerization. The interesting solubility and viscosity behaviors of the polymers have been investigated in some detail. The apparent protonation constants of the anionic centers in (± ≡) (PZTAN) and its corresponding monomer (± ≡) (ZTAN) have been determined. Evaluation of antiscaling properties of the PZA using supersaturated solutions of CaSO4 revealed ≈100% scale inhibition efficiency at a meager concentration of 10 ppm for a duration over 71 h at 40°C. The PZA has the potential to be an effective antiscalant in Reverse Osmosis plants. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40615.
Correlation between interlamellar amorphous structure and gas permeability in poly(lactic acid) films
Authors: Sato Shuichi , Nyuui Tatsuki , Matsuba Go , Nagai Kazukiyo 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTWe have investigated the relationship between amorphous structure and its gas permeability of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) using differential scanning calorimetry, wide‐angle X‐ray scattering, and small‐angle X‐ray scattering measurements. We focused on the hierarchical interlamellar amorphous structure of various gas‐permeable PLA films. The films crystallized just above Tg did not have any long‐spacing period peaks at the room temperature even with the existence of crystals; conversely, peaks could be observed from long spacing periods with heating. Therefore, the interlamellar amorphous density became as high as crystalline region one at the room temperature. These high‐density amorphous regions, the so‐called rigid‐amorphous phase, reduced the gas diffusion and permeation. In the case of samples crystallized above 90°C, the long spacing period peaks could be observed even at the room temperature. The amorphous region did not develop the rigid‐amorphous phase, and the gas permeability depended only on crystallinity. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40626.
Functionalized Carbon Nanoparticles, Blacks and Soots as Electron‐Transfer Building Blocks and Conduits
Authors: Lawrence Katherine , Baker Charlotte L. , James Tony D. , Bull Steven D. , Lawrence Ruth , Mitchels John M. , Opallo Marcin , Arotiba Omotayo A. , Ozoemena Kenneth I. , Marken Frank 
Published: March 2014

AbstractFunctionalized carbon nanoparticles (or blacks) have promise as novel active high‐surface‐area electrode materials, as conduits for electrons to enzymes or connections through lipid films, or as nano‐building blocks in electroanalysis. With previous applications of bare nanoblacks and composites mainly in electrochemical charge storage and as substrates in fuel cell devices, the full range of benefits of bare and functionalized carbon nanoparticles in assemblies and composite (bio)electrodes is still emerging. Carbon nanoparticles are readily surface‐modified, functionalized, embedded, or assembled into nanostructures, employed in bioelectrochemical systems, and incorporated into novel electrochemical sensing devices. This focus review summarizes aspects of a rapidly growing field and some of the recent developments in carbon nanoparticle functionalization with potential applications in (bio)electrochemical, photoelectrochemical, and electroanalytical processes.
Multi‐Pyrene Assemblies Supported on Stannoxane Frameworks: Synthesis, Structure and Photophysical Studies
Authors: Kundu Subrata , Metre Ramesh K. , Yadav Rajeev , Sen Pratik , Chandrasekhar Vadapalli 
Published: March 2014

AbstractOrganostannoxanes have been used as scaffolds for the preparation of multi‐chromophore assemblies. A single‐step synthesis procedure allows the preparation of compounds in which the number of chromophore units can be varied from two to six. Thus, the reactions of pyrene sulfonic acid (PySO3H) or C16H9CHNC6H3(COOH)2 (LH2) with various organotin precursors gave pyrene‐containing organostannoxanes, that is, [Ph3SnPySO3]6 (1), [{(Me2Sn)2(μ3‐O)(μ‐OH)PySO3}2{(Me2Sn)2(μ3‐O)(μ‐OH)H2O}2⋅2 PySO3] (2), [{tBu2Sn(OH)PySO3}2] (3), [{(nBuSn)12(O)14(OH)6{PySO3}2] (4), and [{(nBu2Sn)L}3]2⋅C6H5CH3 (5). Compounds 1–5 were characterized by using X‐ray crystallography. Compounds 1 and 5 are 24‐membered macrocycles. Macrocycle 1 possesses intramolecular π–π stacking interactions. An unusual co‐crystal of two tetrameric ladders in 2 was observed in which one of the components of the co‐crystal is neutral whereas the other is dicationic and two pyrenesulfonate counterions are present to balance the overall charge. In the solid state these compounds reveal rich supramolecular structures. Photophysical studies on 1–5 reveal that interactions in the solid state lead to considerable broadening of the emission bands.
Alkene Isomerization–Hydroarylation Tandem Catalysis: Indole C2‐Alkylation with Aryl‐Substituted Alkenes Leading to 1,1‐Diarylalkanes
Authors: Yamakawa Takeshi , Yoshikai Naohiko 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA cobalt‐N‐heterocyclic carbene catalyst generated from CoBr2, imidazolium salt, and cyclohexylmagnesium bromide was found to promote the imine‐directed C2‐alkylation of indoles with nonconjugated arylalkenes through a tandem alkene isomerization–hydroarylation process, affording 1,1‐diarylalkanes with exclusive regioselectivity. The feasibility of the tandem catalysis was demonstrated for allyl‐, homoallyl‐, and bishomoallylbenzene derivatives. The catalytic system is also applicable to a variety of β‐substituted styrene derivatives. Mechanistic experiments using deuterium‐labeled indole substrate and Grignard reagent provided insight into the cobalt‐mediated CH activation step, which likely involves exchange of the C2‐hydrogen atom of the former and the β‐hydrogen atoms of the latter.
Rapid Flow‐Based Peptide Synthesis
Authors: Simon Mark D. , Heider Patrick L. , Adamo Andrea , Vinogradov Alexander A. , Mong Surin K. , Li Xiyuan , Berger Tatiana , Policarpo Rocco L. , Zhang Chi , Zou Yekui , Liao Xiaoli , Spokoyny Alexander M. , Jensen Klavs F. , Pentelute Bradley L. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA flow‐based solid‐phase peptide synthesis methodology that enables the incorporation of an amino acid residue every 1.8 min under automatic control or every 3 min under manual control is described. This is accomplished by passing a stream of reagent through a heat exchanger into a low volume, low backpressure reaction vessel, and through a UV detector. These features enable continuous delivery of heated solvents and reagents to the solid support at high flow rate, thereby maintaining maximal concentration of reagents in the reaction vessel, quickly exchanging reagents, and eliminating the need to rapidly heat reagents after they have been added to the vessel. The UV detector enables continuous monitoring of the process. To demonstrate the broad applicability and reliability of this method, it was employed in the total synthesis of a small protein, as well as dozens of peptides. The quality of the material obtained with this method is comparable to that for traditional batch methods, and, in all cases, the desired material was readily purifiable by RP‐HPLC. The application of this method to the synthesis of the 113‐residue Bacillus amyloliquefaciens RNase and the 130‐residue DARPin pE59 is described in the accompanying manuscript.
Metacognitive group training for forensic and dangerous non‐forensic patients with schizophrenia: A randomised controlled feasibility trial
Authors: Kuokkanen Riitta , Lappalainen Raimo , Repo‐Tiihonen Eila , Tiihonen Jari 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTBackgroundIn schizophrenia, the presence of certain cognitive biases has been established. Informed by this, metacognitive training (MCT) has been developed for schizophrenia. There is increasing evidence of its effectiveness with some patients, but its applicability to dangerous patients has not yet been demonstrated.AimsOur aim was to test the feasibility of a randomised controlled trial (RCT) of MCT for patients in a high‐security hospital setting.MethodsTwenty of 33 eligible and selected male in‐patients with schizophrenia and a history of violence were randomised pairwise to eight sessions of MCT or treatment as usual. Symptom severity and reasoning, according to the jumping to conclusions paradigm, were measured before, immediately after treatment, and 3 and 6 months later.ResultsMen in both groups completed the trial, and those in the MCT arm, almost all of the group sessions. The MCT arm had a significant advantage in improvement of ‘suspiciousness’, greatest at 3 months, but then declining. No significant improvement in reasoning ability was achieved.ConclusionsMetacognitive training showed sufficient promise in this group for a full trial to be worthwhile, and the feasibility of an RCT methodology, even in a secure hospital, was established. The fact that the improvements faded during follow‐up suggests that a useful modification to the treatment would be lengthening the protocol, repeating it, or both. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Palladium Nanoparticles Supported on Nitrogen‐Functionalized Active Carbon: A Stable and Highly Efficient Catalyst for the Selective Hydrogenation of Nitroarenes
Authors: Li Zelong , Li Jinlei , Liu Jianhua , Zhao Zelun , Xia Chungu , Li Fuwei 
Published: March 2014

AbstractNitrogen‐functionalized active carbon‐supported ultrasmall Pd nanoparticles were conveniently prepared by using a postloading method. The Pd catalyst was highly active and selective for the hydrogenation of nitroarenes at room temperature under ambient pressure. Reducible groups such as ketone, carboxylic acid, and ester were not hydrogenated, and the corresponding anilines were obtained quantitatively. The Pd catalyst demonstrated high stability and could be reused 10 times without the loss of catalytic performance.
Electrochemical Desalination for a Sustainable Water Future
Authors: Knust Kyle N. , Hlushkou Dzmitry , Tallarek Ulrich , Crooks Richard M. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractWe present an introduction to the broad field of desalination by providing a brief review of modern thermal, membrane, and electrochemical technologies. However, the main focus of this article is to introduce a fundamentally new and potentially powerful electrochemical approach to desalination: electrochemically mediated desalination (EMD). EMD is a membraneless desalination method that uses a simple power supply to oxidize a small fraction of the chloride ions present in seawater. This results in the generation of a local electric field gradient, which consequently separates ions to produce partially desalted water.
Nonlinear Self‐Organizing Kinetics in the Electrochemical Growth of Alumina Nanotube Arrays
Authors: Fan Xing , Liao Longfa , Chang Yu , Liu Zuohua , Du Jun , Tao Changyuan 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe nonlinear self‐organizing kinetics that occur during the electrosynthesis of porous anodic alumina (PAA) are investigated. It is first found that the ordered PAA nanoarray forms through the self‐organization of aluminum hydroxide colloids, rather than the traditional pitting‐corrosion mechanism. There is more than one parallel reaction path in the system, and a nonlinear feedback mechanism exists in one of them. Both the spatial periodicity of the nanoarray and the time periodicity of the current are dominated by a nonlinear reaction path during the self‐organization of the diffusion–reaction coupled system. The electrochemical growth mechanism is analyzed and dynamic Equations are established. The self‐catalysis effect of the condensed cationic intermediates on the hydrolysis and condensation of Al hydroxide is explained. This widely exists in the electro‐dissolution of various metals and plays a key role in electrochemical oscillation or self‐organization when the system is driven far from its equilibrium state by the electric field. The slow diffusion of the condensed cations in the gel is key for the formation of the nanoarrays, which provides new ideas for structure control during the synthesis of ordered nano‐oxides.
A Small Change in Central Linker Has a Profound Effect in Inducing Columnar Phases of Triazine‐Based Unconventional Dendrimers
Authors: Lai Long‐Li , Hsieh Jei‐Way , Cheng Kung‐Lung , Liu Shih‐Hsien , Lee Jey‐Jau , Hsu Hsiu‐Fu 
Published: March 2014

AbstractFour unconventional triazine‐based dendrimers have been prepared and characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopies, mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. Based on DSC studies, polarizing microscopy, and powder XRD, two of these dendrimers, containing linkers with an odd number of carbon atoms, were observed to display columnar liquid–crystalline phases during thermal treatment. However, the other two dendritic analogues, containing linkers with an even number of carbon atoms, were not observed to behave correspondingly. Based on computer simulation, we reasonably assume that the dendrimers with an odd number of carbon atoms in their linkers distort their molecular shape and adopt two isomeric structures due to asymmetrical congestion. This reduces the molecular π–π face‐to‐face interaction, which in turn causes the dendrimers to form columnar LC phases during thermal treatment. However, the dendrimers with an even number of carbon atoms in their linkers have more symmetrical skeletons and do not display any liquid–crystalline phase upon thermal treatment. This new strategy should be applicable for eliciting the columnar liquid–crystalline properties of other types of unconventional dendrimers with rigid frameworks.
Composition‐Tailored 2 D Mn1−xRuxO2 Nanosheets and Their Reassembled Nanocomposites: Improvement of Electrode Performance upon Ru Substitution
Authors: Kim Su‐Jeong , Kim In Young , Patil Sharad B. , Oh Seung Mi , Lee Nam‐Suk , Hwang Seong‐Ju 
Published: March 2014

AbstractComposition‐tailored Mn1−xRuxO2 2 D nanosheets and their reassembled nanocomposites with mesoporous stacking structure are synthesized by a soft‐chemical exfoliation reaction and the subsequent reassembling of the exfoliated nanosheets with Li+ cations, respectively. The tailoring of the chemical compositions of the exfoliated Mn1−xRuxO2 2 D nanosheets and their lithiated nanocomposites can be achieved by adopting the Ru‐substituted layered manganese oxides as host materials for exfoliation reaction. Upon the exfoliation–reassembling process, the substituted ruthenium ions remain stabilized in the layered Mn1−xRuxO2 lattice with mixed Ru3+/Ru4+ oxidation state. The reassembled Li–Mn1−xRuxO2 nanocomposites show promising pseudocapacitance performance with large specific capacitances of approximately 330 F g−1 for the second cycle and approximately 360 F g−1 for the 500th cycle and excellent cyclability, which are superior to those of the unsubstituted Li–MnO2 homologue and many other MnO2‐based materials. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis provides strong evidence for the enhancement of the electrical conductivity of 2 D nanostructured manganese oxide upon Ru substitution, which is mainly responsible for the excellent electrode performance of Li–Mn1−xRuxO2 nanocomposites. The results underscore the powerful role of the composition‐controllable metal oxide 2 D nanosheets as building blocks for exploring efficient electrode materials.
A 1,3‐Indandione‐Functionalized Tetraphenylethene: Aggregation‐Induced Emission, Solvatochromism, Mechanochromism, and Potential Application as a Multiresponsive Fluorescent Probe
Authors: Tong Jiaqi , Wang Yijia , Mei Ju , Wang Jian , Qin Anjun , Sun Jing Zhi , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA tetraphenylethene (TPE) derivative substituted with the electron‐acceptor 1,3‐indandione (IND) group was designed and prepared. The targeted IND‐TPE reserves the intrinsic aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) property of the TPE moiety. Meanwhile, owing to the decorated IND moiety, IND‐TPE demonstrates intramolecular charge‐transfer process and pronounced solvatochromic behavior. When the solvent is changed from apolar toluene to highly polar acetonitrile, the emission peak redshifts from 543 to 597 nm. IND‐TPE solid samples show an evident mechanochromic process. Grinding of the as‐prepared powder sample induces a redshift of emission from green (peak at 515 nm) to orange (peak at 570 nm). The mechanochromic process is reversible in multiple grinding–thermal annealing and grinding–solvent‐fuming cycles, and the emission of the solid sample switches between orange (ground) and yellow (thermal/solvent‐fuming‐treated) colors. The mechanochromism is ascribed to the phase transition between amorphous and crystalline states. IND‐TPE undergoes a hydrolysis reaction in basic aqueous solution, thus the red‐orange emission can be quenched by OH− or other species that can induce the generation of sufficient OH−. Accordingly, IND‐TPE has been used to discriminatively detect arginine and lysine from other amino acids, due to their basic nature. The experimental data are satisfactory. Moreover, the hydrolyzation product of IND‐TPE is weakly emissive in the resultant mixture but becomes highly blue‐emissive after the illumination for a period by UV light. Thus IND‐TPE can be used as a dual‐responsive fluorescent probe, which may extend the application of TPE‐based molecular probes in chemical and biological categories.
Potassium N‐Iodo p‐Toluenesulfonamide (TsNIK, Iodamine‐T): A New Reagent for the Oxidation of Hydrazones to Diazo Compounds
Authors: Nicolle Simon M. , Moody Christopher J. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA new reagent for the oxidation of hydrazones to diazo compounds is described. N‐Iodo p‐toluenesulfonamide (TsNIK, iodamine‐T) allows the preparation of α‐diazoesters, α‐diazoamides, α‐diazoketones and α‐diazophosphonates in good yield and in high purity after a simple extractive work‐up. α‐Diazoesters were also obtained in high yield from the corresponding ketones through a one‐pot process of hydrazone formation/oxidation.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Alkoxycarbonylation of Terminal Alkenes To Produce α,β‐Unsaturated Esters: The Key Role of Acetonitrile as a Ligand
Authors: Malkov Andrei V. , Derrien Nolwenn , Barłóg Maciej , Kočovský Pavel 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA mild protocol has been developed for the PdII‐catalyzed alkoxycarbonylation of terminal olefins to produce α,β‐unsaturated esters with a wide range of substrates. Key features are the use of MeCN as solvent (and/or ligand) to control the reactivity of the intermediate Pd complexes and the combination of CO with O2, which facilitates the CuII‐mediated reoxidation of the Pd0 complex to PdII and prevents double carbonylation.
Time‐Dependent Diaryl Ether Inhibitors of InhA: Structure–Activity Relationship Studies of Enzyme Inhibition, Antibacterial Activity, and in vivo Efficacy
Authors: Pan Pan , Knudson Susan E. , Bommineni Gopal R. , Li Huei‐Jiun , Lai Cheng‐Tsung , Liu Nina , Garcia‐Diaz Miguel , Simmerling Carlos , Patil Sachindra S. , Slayden Richard A. , Tonge Peter J. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe diaryl ethers are a novel class of antituberculosis drug candidates that inhibit InhA, the enoyl‐ACP reductase involved in the fatty acid biosynthesis (FASII) pathway, and have antibacterial activity against both drug‐sensitive and drug‐resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In the present work, we demonstrate that two time‐dependent B‐ring modified diaryl ether InhA inhibitors have antibacterial activity in a mouse model of TB infection when delivered by intraperitoneal injection. We propose that the efficacy of these compounds is related to their residence time on the enzyme, and to identify structural features that modulate drug–target residence time in this system, we have explored the inhibition of InhA by a series of B‐ring modified analogues. Seven ortho‐substituted compounds were found to be time‐dependent inhibitors of InhA, where the slow step leading to the final enzyme–inhibitor complex (EI*) is thought to correlate with closure and ordering of the InhA substrate binding loop. A detailed mechanistic understanding of the molecular basis for residence time in this system will facilitate the development of InhA inhibitors with improved in vivo activity.
PRTX‐100 and methotrexate in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis: A Phase Ib randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, dose‐escalation study
Authors: Bernton Edward , Gannon William , Kramer William , Kranz Eduard 
Published: March 2014

AbstractPRTX‐100 is a highly‐purified preparation of staphylococcal protein A (SpA), with immunologic activity in vitro and in animal models of immune‐mediated inflammation. Following single‐dose healthy volunteer studies of safety and pharmacokinetics (PK), a multicenter, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, sequential dose‐escalation, repeated‐dose phase I trial was conducted in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) on methotrexate therapy. Patients were randomized to receive either weekly intravenous PRTX‐100 (0.15, 0.45, 0.90, or 1.50 µg/kg) or placebo for 4 weeks. Safety and disease activity were assessed over 16 weeks. Pharmacokinetic profiles were obtained after the first and fourth doses. The most common treatment‐related adverse events were nausea, muscle spasms, dizziness, flushing, fatigue, RA flare, and headache. No serious adverse events were considered related to PRTX‐100, and none occurred in the highest dose group. Geometric mean values for plasma Cmax (ng/mL) were 4.1, 15.7, 26.5, and 51.2 for doses of 0.15, 0.45, 0.90, and 1.5 µg/kg, respectively. Anti‐drug antibodies (ADAs) developed in most PRTX‐100 patients, but incidence and titer were not dose‐dependent. At the two highest doses, data suggest PRTX‐100 may have an effect on RA disease activity, even in patients with ADAs.