bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical Analysis of PEDOT in Acetonitrile Solutions of Ionic Liquids for Active IR Technologies
Authors: Dalgleish Jacob L. , Jane Marta Llusca , Murphy Peter J. , Rudd Sam , Mahjoub Reza , Zuber Kamil 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis study provides the analysis of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) films via secondary doping for operation in electrochromic devices using ionic liquids, acetonitrile‐based solutions of ionic liquids, and their mixtures for ideal operation electrochemically. For this purpose, PEDOT:Tos films were electrochemically reduced and oxidized with these electrolytes, containing various dopants (TFSI, OTf, BF4, PF6, and Cl) and their combinations, forming dual‐doped PEDOT films. OTf proved to be an excellent dopant for enhancing the dynamic range (Δε = 0.12). Electrochemically oxidized PEDOT:PF6/BF4 resulted in both the highest doping level (30.1%) and conductivity (3500 S/cm) with a dynamic range of Δε = 0.10, demonstrating the advantage of incorporating multiple dopant anions. In addition, the use of PF6 in conjunction with other dopants, such as BF4, demonstrated distinct doping behaviors from multiple dopants, as observed from electrochemical analysis. This results present usefulness of PEDOT outside of IR modulation in areas such as ion sensing.
How compound wind and precipitation extremes change over Southeast Asia: A comprehensive assessment from CMIP6 models
Authors: Jiang Yifei , Ge Fei , Chen Quanliang , Lin Zhiye , Fraedrich Klaus , Chen Zhang 
Published: February 2025

AbstractObservational evidence has shown that Compound Wind and Precipitation Extremes (CWPEs) can cause substantial disruptions to natural and economic systems under climate change. This study conducts a historical assessment and future projection of CWPEs characteristics in the climate vulnerable region of Southeast Asia (SEA) based on two Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) from Scenario Model Intercomparison Project (ScenarioMIP) in Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). Results reveal that the northern Philippines, the eastern and northwestern coastal areas of the Indochina Peninsula have experienced the most frequent, strongest CWPEs during the period of 1985–2014. SEA is projected to experience a frequency increase of 14.4% (22.5%) and intensity increase of 9.4% (19.5%) under the SSP2‐4.5 (SSP5‐8.5) scenario at the end of 21st century (2070–2099). Kalimantan appears to replace the Philippines as the most affected area, particularly under high emission scenario. In addition, the changes in CWPEs are primarily driven by the changes in precipitation, with the average contribution of precipitation changes across the whole region is 62.8% (70.4%) under the SSP2‐4.5 (SSP5‐8.5) scenario. For precipitation uncertainties, the contribution from model uncertainty decreases over time (from 73.9% to 42.7%), while scenario uncertainty increases (from 20.3% to 55.0%). In contrast, for wind projections, model uncertainty remains the dominant factor (from 81.3% to 87.6%) with little change. The present study reveals the high sensitivity of the CWPEs over SEA under global warming and highlighting the risks of future disaster impact in such vulnerable regions.
Wärmepumpen für Einfamilienhäuser im Bestand – ökologische und ökonomische Auswirkungen
Authors: Broszies Tanja , Stuht Lena , Vogdt Frank U. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractZur Reduzierung der Treibhausgasemissionen im deutschen Gebäudesektor wurde zum 1. Januar 2024 das Gebäudeenergiegesetz novelliert, welches seitdem vorschreibt, dass neu eingebaute Heizerzeuger zu mindestens 65 % mit erneuerbaren Energien betrieben werden müssen. In neuen Einfamilienhäusern ist die Wärmepumpe bereits eine Standardlösung, aber auch in Bestandsgebäuden gilt sie als vielversprechend. Inwiefern ein Wechsel vom aktuell häufig verbauten Gasbrennwertkessel zur Wärmepumpe ökologisch aber auch ökonomisch vorteilhaft ist, wurde anhand eines exemplarischen Einfamilienhauses untersucht. Hierfür wurden mittels einer Heizlastberechnung, einer energetischen Bilanzierung und einer Dimensionierung der Anlagenkomponenten für verschiedene Heiztechnikvarianten, Gebäudedämmstandards und Energiepreisentwicklungen eine Ökobilanz und Lebenszykluskostenrechnung erstellt. Es wird bei den Treibhausgasemissionen und dem nichterneuerbaren Primärenergieverbrauch eine eindeutige Vorteilhaftigkeit der Wärmepumpe festgestellt. Bei den weiteren Umwelteffekten wie beispielsweise Eutrophierung und Ozonschichtabbau schneiden je nach Variante Gasbrennwertkessel oder Wärmepumpe besser ab. Trotz der geringeren absoluten Energiekosten in Folge des gesunkenen Verbrauchs der Wärmepumpe können die hohen Anschaffungskosten nicht ausgeglichen werden, sodass der Gasbrennwertkessel für das betrachtete Gebäude stets die wirtschaftlichere Alternative bleibt.
Energetische Vergleichsrechnungen zu Wohngebäuden auf Basis von DIN V 18599
Authors: Ehrich Claas Christian , Himburg Stefan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractDie energetische Bilanzierung von Wohngebäuden muss seit dem 1. Januar 2024 für den öffentlich‐rechtlichen Nachweis nach der Berechnungsnorm DIN V 18599 geführt werden. Damit sind die alten Normen DIN V 4108‐6 und DIN V 4701‐10 nicht mehr gültig. Als die DIN V 18599 im Jahr 2009 für Wohngebäude neu eingeführt wurde, lieferte diese deutlich größere Werte für den Jahres‐Primärenergiebedarf im Vergleich zur DIN V 4108‐6. Die DIN V 18599 Normenreihe wurde seitdem mehrfach geändert. In diesem Bericht wird mit Hilfe von softwaregestützten Vergleichsrechnungen überprüft, ob sich die Ergebnisse beider Verfahren angenähert haben. Dazu werden vereinfachte Gebäudemodelle verwendet. Es ergibt sich eine Annäherung des Primärenergiebedarfs nach der aktuellen DIN V 18599 an die Rechenergebnisse nach DIN V 4108‐6 in Verbindung mit der DIN V 4701‐10. Die größte Änderung im Vergleich zur ersten Fassung der DIN V 18599 aus 2007 lässt sich bei den deutlich höher ausfallenden internen Wärmegewinnen erkennen.
Why Has Gastroschisis Increased Over Time and Why Is It More Common in Infants of Young Mothers?
Authors: Smith‐Webb Rashida S. , Langlois Peter H. , Shaw Gary M. , Moore Cynthia A. , Canfield Mark A. , Petersen Julie M. , Werler Martha M. ,   the National Birth Defects Prevention Study
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundAlthough many factors are associated with gastroschisis risk, studies have not systematically explored whether they account for its increasing frequency over the past decades or its inverse association with maternal age. We examined whether previously reported risk factors for gastroschisis from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS) explain the association with increasing temporal prevalence or young maternal age.MethodsUsing data from the NBDPS (1997–2011), crude odds ratios (ORs) were calculated for birth years 2005–2011 versus 1997–2004 and maternal age < 25 versus 25+ years. We then adjusted for 16 factors separately with logistic regression (paternal age, interpregnancy interval, parity, alcohol, cigarettes, illicit drugs, oral contraceptives, cold/flu with fever, genitourinary infection, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, diet quality, prepregnancy body mass index, parental race and ethnicity, language spoken at home, years lived in the United States, and household income).ResultsThe birth year OR (1.28; 95% CI: 1.14, 1.44) was attenuated by 16% after adjustment for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure (OR 1.08; 95 CI: 0.92, 1.26). The young maternal age OR (7.76; 95% CI: 6.71, 8.97) was attenuated by 30% after adjustment for paternal age (OR 5.43; 95% CI: 4.55, 6.48) and separately for interpregnancy interval (OR 5.45; 95% CI: 4.43, 6.69).ConclusionSome evidence suggests that risk factors for gastroschisis account for small amounts of the time trend and maternal age associations. However, it remains unclear what factors underlie the complete calendar time or maternal age associations.
Crestal approach for repair of oroantral bone defects and subsequent implant placement
Authors: Yang Min , Ting Miriam , Neiva Rodrigo , Korostoff Jonathan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundOroantral communication (OAC) can occur after a dental extraction. Occasionally, bony defects may persist despite successful soft tissue closure of the OAC. The absence of bone in these areas poses challenges for dental implant placement. This report describes a novel approach of vertical sinus elevation through the oroantral bony defect to address such scenarios.MethodsA 36‐year‐old male (Patient 1) and a 62‐year‐old female (Patient 2) presented with OACs in the first maxillary molar region. Vertical sinus elevation was achieved through the existing defect. This was followed by placement of corticocancellous bone allograft mixed with platelet‐rich fibrin (PRF) in the space surrounded by the elevated sinus membrane that was then covered with a resorbable collagen membrane. Implants were placed 9 and 6 months after the sinus lift in Patient 1 and Patient 2, respectively.ResultsIn both cases, substantial radiographic bone fill of the oroantral bony defect was achieved allowing successful placement of dental implants. Following insertion of final restorations, the patients were satisfied with the esthetic outcomes and reported improved oral function.ConclusionsVertical sinus elevation through residual bony oroantral defects in conjunction with placement of bone allograft mixed with PRF yields sufficient alveolar bone for subsequent placement of dental implants.Plain Language SummaryBone defects secondary to oroantral communications resulting from dental extractions may persist despite successful soft tissue closure. Such oroantral communication (OAC) pose challenges for dental implant placement. This report describes a technique for repairing oroantral bony defects and subsequent placement of dental implants. Two patients presented with OACs in the first maxillary molar region. Vertical sinus elevation with corticocancellous bone allograft and platelet‐rich fibrin, was achieved through the existing defect. Substantial radiographic bone fill of the oroantral bony defect was achieved and implants with final restorations were subsequently placed.Key points
Elevation of the sinus membrane through an existing crestal defect resulting from an OAC allows the clinician to successfully elevated the sinus membrane for bone augmentation allowing eventual placement of an implant.
The approach allows the clinician to achieve this goal without preparing a second window through a more invasive lateral approach.
On the (Im)possible Interplays Between Natural and Magnetic Optical Activity in Chiral Samples
Authors: Zinna Francesco 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe simultaneous presence of natural and magnetic optical activity in chiral samples is a very interesting occurrence, but it may lead to incorrect data interpretation if appropriate care is not taken. Moving from simple but general principles, here we show which effects are possible and which are not in such cases.
Helfer, die in die Hölle führen können: Von Opium zu Fentanyl
Authors: Strey Karsten 
Published: February 2025

ZusammenfassungOpium ist die erste vielseitig wirksame Arznei der Menschheitsgeschichte. Die Verbesserung chemischer Methoden führte zuerst zur Isolierung des heute noch häufig verwendeten Morphin und zur Darstellung vieler halbsynthetischer Opiate, die viel stärker wirken als Morphin. Daneben gelang im Laufe des 20. Jahrhunderts die Herstellung vollsynthetischer Opioide wie dem Fentanyl, die noch deutlich potenter sind als alle bisherigen Morphinderivate. Die leichtfertige massenhafte Verordnung des über 100 Jahre alten Oxycodons führte seit den 1990er Jahren zu einer schweren Opioidkrise mit inzwischen jährlich über 100.000 Drogentoten in den USA. Fentanyl und weitere Derivate haben die Drogenmisere weiter verschärft. Weder ist es gelungen, ein Opioid ohne Suchtgefahr herzustellen, noch ist eine Lösung der Drogenkriminalität absehbar.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbonylation of ortho‐Alkenyl Iodobenzenes for the Construction of 3‐Arylindenones
Authors: Qian Minxiu , Yao Lingyun , Li Zhi , Shao Xusheng , Wang Quannan , Deng Wei‐Ping 
Published: February 2025

Comprehensive SummaryWe developed a novel Pd‐catalyzed carbonylation of ortho‐alkenyl iodobenzenes with CO, affording a diverse array of 3‐arylindenones in good to excellent yields (up to 94% yield). This methodology exhibits broad substrate scope and good functional group compatibility. The synthetic utility was demonstrated by a gram‐scale reaction, diverse product derivatizations, and the preparation of an intermediate for a PPARγ agonist.
A Cross‐Cultural Perspective About the Ripple Effect of Corporate Social Responsibility on Internal Brand Commitment Through Corporate Reputation
Authors: Junça‐Silva Ana , Guilherme Micaela 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis study, grounded in social identity theory, aimed to examine the mediating role of corporate reputation in the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and internal brand commitment. Additionally, it sought to investigate whether individualistic versus collectivistic cultural orientations moderate this indirect relationship. This research consisted of two complementary studies. The first study employed a qualitative approach, utilizing interviews to explore employees' perceptions of CSR practices (N = 14). The second study adopted a quantitative approach, using an online survey to collect data from 506 participants distributed across Portugal (a collectivistic culture) and France, Italy, and Spain (characterized as individualistic cultures). The findings from the first study revealed that employees perceive CSR practices as enhancing an organization's reputation. Additionally, these practices are seen as positively influencing employees' performance, job satisfaction, and commitment by boosting their morale and strengthening their sense of organizational identification. The results from the second study showed that CSR improved employees' internal brand commitment through increases in corporate reputation. It also demonstrated that the degree of individualism or collectivism affected how employees perceived the organization's reputation and influenced their internal brand commitment. Finally, it was also shown that national culture moderated the indirect effect of CSR on internal brand commitment through corporate reputation, in such a way, that this relationship was stronger in collectivistic countries (versus individualistic). The present study contributes to reinforcing the importance of adapting CSR initiatives to the national culture, as a strategy to improve employees' commitment toward their brand.
A Novel Modular Expandable Multilevel Converter
Authors: Gao Shuai , Jiang Zhenyu , Pang Fukuan , Zhao Sixiang 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTMultilevel converters are widely used because of low harmonic content, low switching loss, and low electromagnetic interference. However, when the output voltage level of the traditional multilevel converter is high, it needs many power semiconductors and the control is complicated. In order to solve this problem, a new type of expandable multilevel converter is proposed in this brief. It can achieve same number of output levels with a low switch count, and the topology can be changed to adjust the output of different numbers of voltage levels. Furthermore, the one‐dimensional space vector modulation strategy for the proposed topology is designed to generate switching pulses, which significantly simplify the control burden. Finally, the experimental results are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed topology.
An Important Springboard Toward Establishing Diagnostic Connection Between Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder and Pediatric Feeding Disorder
Authors: Sharp William G. , Pederson Jaclyn L. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTDiagnostic ambiguity has surrounded the two primary diagnoses for dysfunctional feeding and eating in pediatric populations—that is, pediatric feeding disorder (PFD) and avoidant restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID). Recent expert consensus emphasized the need for diagnostic refinement to enhance understanding and improve clinical and research activities for both conditions. With the proposed revision of ARFID, Zickgraf and colleagues provide a research grounded springboard for beginning the revision process. The proposal centers upon a new Criterion A that emphasizes ARFID as a disorder driven by a negative, temporally proximate association with eating/food involving three distinct, yet potentially co‐occurring responses of disgust/distaste, anhedonia/uncomfortable fullness, and acute fear/panic. In this commentary, we consider the potential benefits of the proposed framework from the PFD perspective and identify three additional areas—DSM text revisions, benefits of a shared feeding and eating disorder diagnosis, and a call for education and advocacy to complement future revisions—for further consideration during work to improve PFD and ARFID diagnostic systems.
Efficacy of Tirzepatide Dual GIP/GLP‐1 Receptor Agonist in Patients With Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension. A Real‐World Propensity Score‐Matched Study
Authors: Azzam Ahmed Y. , Essibayi Muhammed Amir , Farkas Nathan , Azab Mohammed A. , Morsy Mahmoud M. , Elamin Osman , Elswedy Adam , Al Zomia Ahmed Saad , Alotaibi Hammam A. , Alamoud Ahmed , Atallah Oday , Abukhadijah Hana J. , Dmytriw Adam A. , Baker Amanda , Khatri Deepak , Haranhalli Neil , Altschul David J. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionIdiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a neurological disorder characterised by elevated intracranial pressure (ICP), predominantly affecting obese women of reproductive age. While GLP‐1 receptor agonists have shown promise in IIH management, the potential of dual GIP/GLP‐1 receptor activation through tirzepatide remains unexplored. This study aimed to evaluate tirzepatide's efficacy as an adjunctive therapy in IIH management.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort analysis using the TriNetX Global Health Research Network, analysing data through November 2024. Through propensity score matching, we compared 193 tirzepatide‐exposed IIH patients with 193 controls receiving standard care. Primary outcomes included papilledema severity, visual function, headache frequency, and treatment resistance, monitored at multiple follow‐up timepoints.ResultsOur analysis revealed significant improvements across all measured outcomes in the tirzepatide group. At 24 months, we observed a 68% reduction in papilledema risk (RR 0.320, 95% CI 0.189–0.542, p < 0.001), a 73.9% reduction in visual disturbance and blindness risk (RR 0.261, 95% CI 0.143–0.477, p < 0.001), and a 19.7% reduction in headache risk (RR 0.803, 95% CI 0.668–0.966, p = 0.019). The tirzepatide group demonstrated significant body‐mass index reductions, reaching −1.147 kg/m2 (95% CI [−1.415, −0.879], p < 0.001) at 24 months compared to controls.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate that tirzepatide, when used as an adjunctive therapy, provides significant therapeutic benefits in IIH management, particularly in improving papilledema and visual outcomes. Our findings suggest that dual GIP/GLP‐1 receptor activation may offer advantages over traditional single‐receptor therapies, potentially through enhanced metabolic regulation and direct effects on ICP dynamics.
The Performance Demands and Technical Determinants for Tackle and Ruck Success During the Pool and Knockout Stages of the Men's International World Rugby Sevens Series
Authors: de Klerk Fanie , Jones Ben , Maree Willie , Hendricks Sharief 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to compare tackle and ruck frequencies between pool and knockout matches during the Men's International World Rugby Sevens Series and also determine which technical determinants increase the likelihood of tackle success within each stage of the tournament. Video analysis of all matches during the 2018/2019 International Men's Rugby Sevens World Series was conducted (n = 449 matches). This equated to 21226 tackle contact events and 6345 rucks events. Each tackle event was further coded for tackle descriptors (type of tackle, direction of contact and point of body contact) and tackle outcomes (successful and unsuccessful). No differences were found between the mean tackles per match of pool and knockout stages (pool 47.5, 95% CI 46.5–48.6 vs. knockout 46.9, 95% CI 45.7–48.0). There was a significant difference (p < 0.001) in mean rucks per match between pool and knockout stages (pool 14.8, 95% CI 14.2–15.4 vs. knockout 13.3, 95% CI 12.7–13.9). In conclusion, tackle frequencies per match remained consistent across the series and between the different competition stages and match halves. Ruck frequencies on the other hand decreased from the first tournament to latter parts of the series, and fewer rucks were observed in the knockout stage of the tournaments. The frequency and higher likelihood of tackle success for arm tackles in Sevens highlights a unique demand of Sevens, which strengthens the argument for Sevens‐specific tackle training and coaching.
Distinguishing the effects of vegetation characteristics on soil erosion process on the loess plateau of China
Authors: Wang Jian Fang , Yang Yan Fen , Wang Bing , Liu Guo Bin 
Published: February 2025

AbstractVegetation restoration significantly decreases soil erosion. Although runoff shear stress is not divided into grain and form shear stresses, the dynamic mechanisms of soil erosion remain unclear. To explore the dynamic mechanisms of soil erosion, two herbaceous plants, namely, Bothriochloa ischcemum (Linn.). Keng (BI) and Artemisia vestita Wall. ex Bess (AG), were planted at six planting densities of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 plants m−2 to obtain different vegetation characteristics. A simulated rainfall experiment (rainfall intensity of 1 mm min−1) was conducted on runoff plots (length and width of 2.0 and 0.5 m, respectively), and the flow velocity, runoff rate and soil loss rate were measured. The results showed that the grain and form shear stresses ranged from 0.04 to 0.16 and 1.40 to 3.88 Pa under six planting densities, respectively. Grain shear stress decreased with planting density in both BI and AG grasslands. The form shear stress exhibited a greater magnitude in BI grasslands at a lower planting density, whereas in AG grasslands, the highest form shear stress was observed at a planting density of 20 plants m−2. Vegetation can significantly reduce soil loss. Compared with that in bare soil, soil loss amount in the BI and AG grasslands were 68.08 to 95.08% lower. The reduction in soil loss amount was enhanced by the increased planting density. The BI grasslands were more effective in reducing soil loss than the AG grasslands. The amount of soil loss was mainly influenced by the interaction between vegetation and runoff characteristics, which explained the majority of variation (49.48%). The total soil loss increased with increasing grain shear stress and decreased with increasing vegetation coverage, root collar area and soil organic matter as a power function. With increasing total runoff, total soil loss increased linearly. Finally, the amount of soil loss was simulated using the grain shear stress, root collar area, soil organic matter and total runoff. The performance of the model used in this study was satisfactory.