bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Study of Approaches to Delineating Built‐Up Areas Using Road Network Data
Authors: Zhou Qi 
Published: March 2015

AbstractDelineated built‐up areas may be used for applications such as navigation, database enrichment and the identification of urban sprawl. As more road network data have become available, many studies have considered using road network data to delineate built‐up areas. This study investigated the three existing approaches to delineating built‐up areas on a map: the grid‐based approach, kernel density analysis and an approach based on street blocks. These approaches are evaluated and compared from three angles. First, two measures were proposed to quantitatively evaluate the land area of the delineated built‐up areas; second, a questionnaire was designed to visually compare the representations of the delineated built‐up areas; and, third, the time complexity of using each approach was tested. The three approaches were applied to different sets of road network data for New Zealand; data from buildings and residential areas were used as benchmarks. The results showed that: (1) in a quantitative assessment, both the grid‐based approach and kernel density analysis can usually detect more built‐up areas than the approach based on street blocks; (2) on visual inspection, most of the students who completed the questionnaire performed the representations using the approach based on street blocks; and (3) in time complexity, the approach based on street blocks always takes the least time.
Evaluation of Land Suitability for Urban Land‐Use Planning: Case Study Dhaka City
Authors: Ullah Kazi Masel , Mansourian Ali 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe aim of this research is evaluation of land suitability for urban land‐use planning. Four factors and fourteen criteria were selected for suitability analysis and land‐use planning. Factors and criteria were defined based on literature survey, experts’ opinions, local contexts and availability of data. GIS‐based Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used as a Multi‐criteria Decision Making model. The study was conducted on a selected area of Dhaka city, which is one of the fastest growing mega‐cities of the world. The research result shows that highly suitable area (13%) should be used for urban residential zone; moderately suitable area (35%) should be designated as mixed use zone; low suitable area (42%) should be reserved for agricultural use and open spaces; and not suitable area (10%) should be protected from any types of activities except agriculture. The research approached an urban land‐use planning at a regional scale.
A Back‐Propagation Neural Network‐Based Approach for Multi‐Represented Feature Matching in Update Propagation
Authors: Wang Yanxia , Chen Deng , Zhao Zhiyuan , Ren Fu , Du Qingyun 
Published: March 2015

AbstractSpatial data infrastructures, which are characterized by multi‐represented datasets, are prevalent throughout the world. The multi‐represented datasets contain different representations for identical real‐world entities. Therefore, update propagation is useful and required for maintaining multi‐represented datasets. The key to update propagation is the detection of identical features in different datasets that represent corresponding real‐world entities and the detection of changes in updated datasets. Using polygon features of settlements as examples, this article addresses these key problems and proposes an approach for multi‐represented feature matching based on spatial similarity and a back‐propagation neural network (BPNN). Although this approach only utilizes the measures of distance, area, direction and length, it dynamically and objectively determines the weight of each measure through intelligent learning; in contrast, traditional approaches determine weight using expertise. Therefore, the weight may be variable in different data contexts but not for different levels of expertise. This approach can be applied not only to one‐to‐one matching but also to one‐to‐many and many‐to‐many matching. Experiments are designed using two different approaches and four datasets that encompass an area in China. The goals are to demonstrate the weight differences in different data contexts and to measure the performance of the BPNN‐based feature matching approach.
Post-Critical Behavior of Suspension Bridges Under Nonlinear Aerodynamic Loading
Authors: Arena Andrea , Lacarbonara Walter , Marzocca Pier 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The limit cycle oscillations (LCOs) exhibited by long-span suspension bridges in post-flutter condition are investigated. A parametric dynamic model of prestressed long-span suspension bridges is coupled with a nonlinear quasi-steady aerodynamic formulation to obtain the governing aeroelastic partial differential equations adopted herewith. By employing the Faedo–Galerkin method, the aeroelastic nonlinear equations are reduced to their state-space ordinary differential form. Convergence analysis for the reduction process is first carried out and time-domain simulations are performed to investigate LCOs while continuation tools are employed to path follow the post-critical LCOs. A supercritical Hopf bifurcation behavior, confirmed by a stable LCO, is found past the critical flutter condition. The analysis shows that the LCO amplitude increases with the wind speed up to a secondary critical speed where it terminates with a fold bifurcation. The stability of the LCOs within the range bracketed by the Hopf and fold bifurcations is evaluated by performing parametric analyses regarding the main design parameters that can be affected by uncertainties, primarily the structural damping and the initial wind angle of attack.
Effect of Atrial Fibrillation Ablation on Gastric Motility
Authors: Lakkireddy Dhanunjaya , Reddy Yeruva Madhu , Atkins Donita , Rajasingh Johnson , Kanmanthareddy Arun , Olyaee Mojtaba , Dusing Reginald , Pimentel Rhea , Bommana Sudharani , Dawn Buddhadeb 
Published: March 2015

Background—
Collateral damage to the vagal nerve and the upper gastrointestinal (UGI) system during atrial fibrillation ablation has not been systematically evaluated.

Methods and Results—

We performed a prospective, observational study assessing the effect of atrial fibrillation ablation on the function of the vagus nerve/UGI system. All patients underwent esophageal manometry, gastric emptying study, and sham-feeding test (corresponding to esophageal, gastric, and small intestinal function evaluation, respectively) before ablation (baseline) and subsequently at 24 hours, 90 days, and 180 days after the procedure. In addition, UGI symptom assessment using the patient assessment of upper gastrointestinal disorders–symptom severity index (PAGI-SYM) questionnaire was performed at baseline and during each of the subsequent evaluations. Of the 27 patients enrolled in the study, 9 (33%) patients had abnormal UGI function at baseline; defined as at least one of the 3 abnormal tests. At 24 hours after the radiofrequency catheter ablation, 20 (74%) patients had at least 1 new abnormality on the UGI function tests (
P
<0.001). New onset esophageal dysmotility, delayed gastric emptying time, and abnormal sham-feeding tests were observed in 13 (48%), 13 (48%), and 9 (33%) patients, respectively. Mean PAGI-SYM scores increased from 7.78±6.6 at baseline to 15.56±13.4 (
P
=0.002) at 24 hours. New onset abnormalities persisted in 9 (33%) patients at 3 months and normalized in all patients at 6 months.

Conclusions—
Atrial fibrillation ablation results in functional impairment of the UGI system, including the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine. This impairment is transient and is probably mediated by the injury to the components of the vagal nerve.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique Identifier: NCT01396356.
Cardiac Response to Low-Energy Field Pacing Challenges the Standard Theory of Defibrillation
Authors: Caldwell Bryan J. , Trew Mark L. , Pertsov Arkady M. 
Published: March 2015

Background—
The electric response of myocardial tissue to periodic field stimuli has attracted significant attention as the basis for low-energy antifibrillation pacing, potentially more effective than traditional single high-energy shocks. In conventional models, an electric field produces a highly nonuniform response of the myocardial wall, with discrete excitations, or hot spots (HS), occurring at cathodal tissue surfaces or large coronary vessels. We test this prediction using novel 3-dimensional tomographic optical imaging.

Methods and Results—
Experiments were performed in isolated coronary perfused pig ventricular wall preparations stained with near-infrared voltage-sensitive fluorescent dye DI-4-ANBDQBS. The 3-dimensional coordinates of HS were determined using alternating transillumination. To relate HS formation with myocardial structures, we used ultradeep confocal imaging (interrogation depths, >4 mm). The peak HS distribution is located deep inside the heart wall, and the depth is not significantly affected by field polarity. We did not observe the strong colocalization of HS with major coronary vessels anticipated from theory. Yet, we observed considerable lateral displacement of HS with field polarity reversal. Models that de-emphasized lateral intracellular coupling and accounted for resistive heterogeneity in the extracellular space showed similar HS distributions to the experimental observations.

Conclusions—
The HS distributions within the myocardial wall and the significant lateral displacements with field polarity reversal are inconsistent with standard theories of defibrillation. Extended theories based on enhanced descriptions of cellular scale electric mechanisms may be necessary. The considerable lateral displacement of HS with field polarity reversal supports the hypothesis of biphasic stimuli in low-energy antifibrillation pacing being advantageous.
LKB1 Knockout Mouse Develops Spontaneous Atrial Fibrillation and Provides Mechanistic Insights Into Human Disease Process
Authors: Ozcan Cevher , Battaglia Emily , Young Rebeccah , Suzuki Gen 
Published: March 2015

Background

Atrial fibrillation (
AF
) is a complex disease process, and the molecular mechanisms underlying initiation and progression of the disease are unclear. Consequently, AF has been difficult to model. In this study, we have presented a novel transgenic mouse model of
AF
that mimics human disease and characterized the mechanisms of atrial electroanatomical remodeling in the genesis of
AF
.

Methods and Results

Cardiac‐specific liver kinase B1 (
LKB
1) knockout (
KO
) mice were generated, and 47% aged 4 weeks and 95% aged 12 weeks developed spontaneous
AF
from sinus rhythm by demonstrating paroxysmal and persistent stages of the disease. Electrocardiographic characteristics of sinus rhythm were similar in
KO
and wild‐type mice. Atrioventricular block and atrial flutter were common in
KO mice
. Heart rate was slower with persistent AF. In parallel with
AF
,
KO
mice developed progressive biatrial enlargement with inflammation, heterogeneous fibrosis, and loss of cardiomyocyte population with apoptosis and necrosis. Atrial tissue was infiltrated with inflammatory cells. C‐reactive protein, interleukin 6, and tumor necrosis factor α were significantly elevated in serum. KO atria demonstrated elevated reactive oxygen species and decreased
AMP‐activated protein kinase
activity. Cardiomyocyte and myofibrillar ultrastructure were disrupted. Intercellular matrix and gap junction were interrupted. Connexins 40 and 43 were reduced. Persistent AF caused left ventricular dysfunction and heart failure. Survival and exercise capacity were worse in
KO
mice.

Conclusions

LKB
1
KO
mice develop spontaneous
AF
from sinus rhythm and progress into persistent AF by replicating the human
AF
disease process. Progressive inflammatory atrial cardiomyopathy is the genesis of
AF,
through mechanistic electrical and structural remodeling.
Evaluating Radial Current Measurement of Multifrequency HF Radar with Multidepth ADCP Data during a Small Storm
Authors: Zhao Chen , Chen Zezong , Zeng Gengfei , Zhang Longgang , Xie Fei 
Published: March 2015

AbstractA multifrequency high-frequency (MHF) radar system was designed and developed by Wuhan University in 2007. This system can simultaneously operate at four frequencies mainly in the 7.5–25-MHz band. This paper focuses on discussing the performances of an MHF radar system deployed along the coast of the East China Sea based on comparisons with multidepth ADCP datasets, which were obtained from ADCPs deployed at different locations in August 2010 during a small storm. The comparisons illustrate that radar-derived radial currents are correlated with ADCP data at mainly a 2–4-m depth with correlation coefficients over 0.95 and RMS differences less than 0.12 m s−1for both operating frequencies. Bearing offsets at points A, C, and D are computed for different operating frequencies with magnitudes of 0°–11°.The capability of MHF radar to measure currents at different depths is explored. The results indicate that the effective depth of current measurements by MHF radar increases with decreasing operating frequency. A linear regression (with a regression coefficient of 0.0576) of the responses in the mean effective depth on the predictors in radio wavelength is obtained. The dominant semidiurnal and diurnal constituents are also analyzed. The radial current amplitudes of the M2and K1constituents are strong in this area during this experiment. The residual currents vary with wind speed, with a correlation coefficient of 0.52. A correlation coefficient of 0.79 between nontidal currents and the radial wind speed after a clockwise rotation of the wind vector by about 50° was obtained.
Role functioning among adults with schizophrenia
Authors: Westcott Cassandra , Waghorn Geoff , McLean Duncan , Statham Dixie , Mowry Bryan 
Published: March 2015

Introduction The extent that adults with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders participate in socially valued roles within their community is an important aspect of recovery and rehabilitation. Although previous research has explored functioning in specific roles (for example, education, employment and independent living) less is known about combined participation in different types of socially valued roles. The purpose of this investigation was to describe the role functioning of a community sample of 255 adults with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Method The diagnostic interview for genetics study 2.0 was administered by trained clinicians and provided the background clinical information for this report. A subsample from the genetics study was interviewed by telephone using the socially valued role classification scale. Participants were specifically asked about their participation in employment, education and training, rehabilitation, caring for others, and home duties and self-care. Results Overall role participation was high, with 80% participating in socially valued roles other than independent living. Role functioning in each role category was relatively independent of functioning in other role domains. Conclusion Occupational therapists can best facilitate the rehabilitation and recovery of community residents with severe mental illness by adopting a role-specific approach based on individual preferences for particular role domains.
High Frequency of Spontaneous Helicase-Primase Inhibitor (BAY 57–1293) Drug-Resistant Variants in Certain Laboratory Isolates of HSV-1
Authors: Biswas Subhajit , Swift Mihaiela , Field Hugh J 
Published: March 2015

The authors wish to draw attention to the following errors in their article: On page 15 an incorrect sequence database was referenced. The sentence ‘A set of eight pairs of overlapping HSV-1-specific primers (designed on the basis of HSV-1 strain 17 sequence; Genbank accession number NC001806) was used (McGeoch et al., 1988).’ should read ‘A set of eight pairs of overlapping HSV-1-specific primers (designed on the basis of HSV-1 strain 17 sequence; RefSeq accession number NC001806) was used (McGeoch et al., 1988).’ On Table 2 an incorrect symbol was used: ‘$reported by Liuzzi et al., 2004’ should be replaced by ‘♠reported by Liuzzi et al., 2004’. A corrected table can be found below. On Table 3 the 5th column heading is incorrect: ‘BAY 57–1293 concentration, mg/ml’ should read ‘BAY 57–1293 concentration µg/ml’. A corrected table can be found below. [Table: see text] [Table: see text]
Anti-Human Cytomegalovirus Activity of Constituents from Sasa Albo-Marginata (Kumazasa in Japan)
Authors: Sakai Asumi , Watanabe Kunitomo , Koketsu Mamoru , Akuzawa Kazuhiko , Yamada Rie , Li Zhuan , Sadanari Hidetaka , Matsubara Keiko , Murayama Tsugiya 
Published: March 2015

Background: Effective new anti-human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) agents and regimens need to be developed. We examined the anti-HCMV properties of crude extract (True World Extract of Bambuseae sasa [TWEBS]) and five compounds ( p-coumaric acid, 3-hydroxy-4-methoxyben-zaldehyde [vanillin], p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 3-hydroxypyridine and 4',5,7-trihydroxy-3',5'-dimethoxyflavone [tricin]), isolated from Sasa albo-marginata, a bamboo known in Japan as Sasa. Methods: Among TWEBS and five compounds screened in a plaque reduction assay, four showed anti-HCMV activity in the MRC-5 human embryonic fibroblast cell line. The anti-HCMV mechanisms of the TWEBS was examined by western blot analysis using primary antibody specific for an immediate early (IE) antigen of HCMV, for a structural late antigen of HCMV and for β-actin. Results: Treatment of cells with ⩾0.001% of TWEBS inhibited the observable cytopathic effects of HCMV on infected cells. Western blot analysis demonstrated that TWEBS decreased the expression of IE antigen and late antigen of HCMV in the infected cells. Next, we examined the anti-HCMV properties of five compounds isolated from TWEBS. In a viral plaque reduction assay, tricin showed dose-dependent inhibitory properties with a 50% effective concentration of 0.17 µug/ml (selective index =1,205.8). Conclusions: The hot water extract (TWEBS) of Sasa albo-marginata, with tricin isolated from it, has anti-HCMV activity in MRC-5 cells. TWEBS and/or tricin are a novel compound with potential anti-HCMV activity. Future studies should evaluate these findings in vivo.
Sulfated Xylomannans from the Red Seaweed Sebdenia Polydactyla: Structural Features, Chemical Modification and Antiviral Activity
Authors: Ghosh Tuhin , Pujol Carlos Alberto , Damonte Elsa Beatriz , Sinha Sharmistha , Ray Bimalendu 
Published: March 2015

Background: Many viruses display affinity for cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans with biological relevance in virus entry. This raises the possibility of the application of sulfated polysaccharides in antiviral therapy. Methods: In this study, we analysed polysaccharide fractions isolated from Sebdenia polydactyla. Results: The purified xylomannan sulfate and its further sulfated derivatives showed strong activity against herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1). Their 50% inhibitory concentration values were in the range 0.35–2.8 µg/ml and they lacked cytotoxicity at concentrations up to 1,000 µg/ml. The major polysaccharide, which had 0.6 sulfate groups per monomer unit and an apparent molecular mass of 150 kDa, contained a backbone of α-(1→3)-linked D-mannopyranosyl residues substituted at position 6 with a single stub of ß-D-xylopyranosyl residues. Conclusions: The degree of sulfation seemed to play an important role because desulfation and/or further sulfation of the isolated macromolecules largely influenced their in vitro anti-HSV-1 activity.
HIV Type-1 Entry Inhibitors with a New Mode of Action
Authors: Fink Ryan C , Roschek Bill , Alberte Randall S 
Published: March 2015

Background: The development of antiviral drugs has provided crucial new means to mitigate or relieve the debilitating effects of many viral pathogens. Regular use of these drugs has led to generation of resistant strains, making the control of many viral infections very difficult, particularly in HIV-seropositive and AIDS patients. A rich source for the discovery of new HIV infection inhibitors has been, and continues to be, the ‘mining’ of the large diversity of compounds already available in nature, and specifically those from botanical extracts. Methods: Using a newly developed direct binding assay with mass spectrometry technology (direct analysis in real-time time-of-flight mass spectrometry), we were able to show that compounds present in extracts of elderberry, cinnamon and green tea bind to and block HIV type-1 (HIV-1) infection in target cells. Results: The compounds that blocked HIV-1 infection were flavonoids and A-type proanthocyanidins. The 50% inhibitory concentration values of these extracts ranged from 0.5 to 201 µg/ml for four different HIV-1 serotypes. Interaction matrices with the elderberry extract and enfuvirtide, a peptide HIV-1 fusion inhibitor, revealed significant super additive effects. This indicates that the compounds in elderberry that prevent HIV-1 infection are likely to bind to viral glycoproteins other than gp41 (the binding site for enfuvirtide). Conclusions: Optimized elderberry, green tea and cinnamon extracts rich in certain flavonoid compounds were shown to block HIV-1 entry and infection in GHOST cells. As such, these types of botanical extracts could provide a starting point for the development of possible safe and reliable cotherapies for HIV-1-positive individuals, as well as for the identification of new small molecules as leading drug candidates for HIV-1 therapeutics and microbicides.
Efficacy of N-methanocarbathymidine against genital herpes simplex virus type 2 shedding and infection in guinea pigs
Authors: Bernstein David I , Bravo Fernando J , Pullum Derek A , Shen Hui , Wang Mei , Rahman Aquilur , Glazer Robert I , Cardin Rhonda D 
Published: March 2015

Background Current approved nucleoside therapies for genital herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections are effective but improved therapies are needed for treatment of both acute and recurrent diseases. Methods The effects of N-methanocarbathymidine were evaluated and compared to acyclovir using guinea pig models of acute and recurrent infection. For acute disease following intravaginal inoculation of 106 pfu HSV-2 (MS strain), animals were treated intraperitoneally beginning 24 h post-infection, and the effects on disease severity, vaginal virus replication, subsequent recurrences, and latent virus loads were evaluated. For evaluation of recurrent infection, animals were treated for 21 days beginning 14 days after infection and disease recurrence and recurrent shedding were evaluated. Results Treatment of the acute disease with N-methanocarbathymidine significantly reduced the severity of acute disease and decreased acute vaginal virus shedding more effectively than acyclovir. Significantly, none of the animals developed visible disease in the high-dose N-methanocarbathymidine group and this was the only group in which the number of days with recurrent virus shedding was reduced. Treatment of recurrent disease was equivalent to acyclovir when acyclovir was continuously supplied in the drinking water. Conclusion N-methanocarbathymidine was effective as therapy for acute and recurrent genital HSV-2 disease in the guinea pig models.
Functions of idh1 and its mutation in the regulation of developmental hematopoiesis in zebrafish
Authors: Shi Xiangguo , He Bai-Liang , Ma Alvin C. H. , Guo Yuhan , Chi Yali , Man Cheuk Him , Zhang Wenqing , Zhang Yiyue , Wen Zilong , Cheng Tao , Leung Anskar Y. H. 
Published: March 2015

Key Points
Zebrafish idh1 plays an important role in the regulation of myelopoiesis and definitive hematopoiesis. Expression of human IDH1-R132H and its zebrafish orthologue induced an increase in myelopoiesis and 2-hydroxyglutrate.