bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pirates and Power: What Captain Jack Sparrow, His Friends, and His Foes Can Teach Us about Power Bases
Authors: Williams Jennifer R. 
Published: July 2013

Leadership educators are constantly looking for new and inventive ways to teach leadership theory. Because leadership educators realize principles of androgyny and experiential education work well with leadership theories, instructors find movies are a great way to infuse leadership theory with novel teaching methodology. “Movies, like Shakespeare, are becoming a staple of college curricula” (Hoffman, 2000, p.1).The Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl(2003) is a movie illustrating five power bases defined by Raven and French (1958). The rogue characters in this film use expert power, referent power, legitimate power, reward power, and coercive power to get the treasure, get the girl, get the curse lifted, and/or get freedom. Utilizing a three-hour block of time, an instructor can complete a mini lecture on power, watch the movie, and discuss the power bases shown. Results show students develop a deeper understanding of power after the class.
Relationship between Job Satisfaction of County Extension Staff and the Level of Emotional Intelligence of County Extension Directors
Authors: Villard Judith A. , Earnest Garee W. 
Published: July 2013

This descriptive-correlational study used a census of Ohio State University Extension county directors and a random sample of county staff throughout the State of Ohio. Data were collected utilizing Bar-On’s Emotional Intelligence Quotient instrument (county directors) and Warner’s job satisfaction instrument (county staff).
The study examined the relationships between emotional intelligence of county directors, job satisfaction of county staff and several demographic characteristics. Stepwise linear regression analysis was used to measure the proportion of variance in county staff’s job satisfaction that could be explained by county directors’ emotional intelligence and demographic characteristics.
The findings suggested there is not a significant relationship between emotional intelligence of unit directors and job satisfaction of staff. The researchers concluded the level of job satisfaction of staff was not influenced by the level of emotional intelligence of unit directors. Some correlations existed between job satisfaction and selected demographic characteristics. These findings may be of interest to individuals who serve in a variety of leadership roles within organizations.
‘Mirror with a memory’: Theories of light and preternatural negatives in Herman Melville’s Moby-Dick
Authors: Thwaites Sarah 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
This article explores theories of light in the American Romantic period as a way of addressing image–text relations in the dynamic early decades of photography. It addresses the gothic nature of the daguerreotype’s ambiguous negative/positive picture and its temporal and spatial implications in relation to Melville’s aesthetic of light in his Romantic epic Moby-Dick. Upon the daguerreotype’s arrival in 1839, it was greeted by Americans with both fascination and suspicion: not only were the chemical exchanges viewed as wizardry and the picture deemed to take possession of the sitter’s spirit, but when tilted under light, the daguerreotype’s ghostly negative image is revealed. For Romantic artists, Daguerre’s process, ‘the art of writing with light’, held equally complex implications for the conception of Nature. Newton’s theory of light had already exposed its intricate character, but Goethe’s nineteenth-century Colour Theory, with its descriptions of the individual nature of seeing, showed that the Romantic notion of Nature as ‘light Divine’ was deeply problematic. In Moby-Dick, Ishmael conflates meanings of whiteness, colour and light for more congruous poetic interpretations that mirror the daguerreotype’s uncanny paradigm of light.
The griot and the renku: Interactive generative media and algorithmic imagetext in the work of D. Fox Harrell
Authors: Smith Hazel 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
An interactive generative system is a computational system for creating artworks that produces new versions or sequences of a text, image or sound each time it is activated. It interrogates ideas of authorship and the stable, monolithic, text. This article argues that interactive generative media can result in a new approach to imagetext as algorithmic imagetext. In algorithmic imagetext, text and image are not necessarily juxtaposed but share the same or similar algorithms. The essay focuses on interactive generative media and algorithmic imagetext in the work of ‘post-black’ African American multimedia artist and writer D. Fox Harrell. It explicates his programming of algorithmic processes to generate both verbal and visual texts through the interactive generative GRIOT system, and suggests how programming relates to the semiotics of text and image. The essay examines Harrell’s adaptation of the GRIOT system to generate the polypoem ‘The Girl with Skin of Haints and Seraphs’ and then, in collaboration with Kenny Chow, to create the generative visual renku – a transformation of the traditional verbal Japanese renku into interactive image tiles. In addition, it looks briefly at the way Harrell combines the verbal and visual in multimedia work. The article also analyses how Harrell attempts to employ algorithmic imagetext to overturn stereotypes of racial and gender identity, and to problematize the tensions and interactions that occur through globalization.
SMS freeforms for illumination
Authors: Benitez Pablo , Miñano Juan C. , Chaves Julio , Santamaría Asunción 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
SMS 3D (simultaneous multiple surfaces in their three-dimensional version) is a well-known design method comprising two freeform surfaces that allow the perfect coupling of two wavefronts with another two. The design algorithm provides a collection of line pairs on both surfaces (called SMS spines), whose three-dimensional shape seems arbitrary at first sight. This paper shows that the shapes of the spines are partially governed by applying the étendue conservation theorem to the biparametric bundle of rays linking the paired spines, which is one lesser known étendue invariants found by Poincaré. The resulting formulae for the spines in three-dimensional space happen to coincide with the conventional étendue formulas of two-dimensional geometry, like for instance, the Hottel formula.
New record of the seagrass species Halophila major (Zoll.) Miquel in Vietnam: evidence from leaf morphology and ITS analysis
Authors: Vy Nguyen Xuan , Holzmeyer Laura , Papenbrock Jutta 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
The seagrass Halophila major (Zoll.) Miquel is reported for the first time from Vietnam. It was found growing with other seagrass species nearshore, 4–6 m deep at Tre Island, Nha Trang Bay. Leaf morphology and phylogenetic analysis based on ribosomal internal transcribed spacer sequences confirmed the identification. There was very little sequence differentiation among samples of H. major collected in Vietnam and other countries in the Western Pacific region. A very low evolutionary divergence among H. major populations was found.
Sur la présentation des représentations supersingulières de GL2(F)
Authors: Schraen Benjamin 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

Soit F une extension quadratique de ℚ
p
. Nous prouvons que les représentations lisses irréductibles supersingulières à caractère central de GL2(F) ne sont pas de présentation finie.
Let F be a quadratic extension of ℚ
p
. We prove that smooth irreducible supersingular representations with central character of GL2(F) are not of finite presentation.
Facile synthetic entry into rotationally restricted 9-arylacridines
Authors: Zhang Jianguo , Sączewski Jarosław , Wolińska Ewa , Strekowski Lucjan 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
The treatment of 2-(trifluoromethyl)aniline with 2,6-dimethylphenylmagnesium bromide yields 1-methyl-9-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)acridine by the formal reaction of one equivalent of the aniline and two equivalents of the Grignard reagent. Interestingly, one of the methyl groups is eliminated during the reaction, and the product contains three methyl groups only. In a similar way, the reaction of 2-(trifluoromethyl)aniline with 2-ethylphenylmagnesium bromide furnishes 9-(2-ethylphenyl)acridine devoid of one ethyl group. The mechanism is discussed.
Hepatoprotective role of kaempferol during alcohol- and ΔPUFA-induced oxidative stress
Authors: Shakya Garima , Manjini Selva , Hoda Muddasarul , Rajagopalan Rukkumani 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

Background: The present study aimed to analyze the effect of kaempferol on oxidative stress induced by alcohol and thermally oxidized polyunsaturated fatty acid (ΔPUFA) in male albino Wistar rats.

Methods: The rats were divided into four groups. The animals in group 1 served as the normal group (standard diet), group 2 served as the hepatotoxic group (alcohol+ΔPUFA), group 3 served as the treated group (alcohol+ΔPUFA+kaempferol), and group 4 served as kaempferol control. The levels of marker enzyme γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT), lipid peroxidation markers [thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and lipid hydroperoxides (LH)], enzymatic antioxidants (catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase), and nonenzymatic antioxidants (reduced glutathione, vitamin E, and vitamin C) were analyzed in liver to evaluate the effects of kaempferol.

Results: The levels of GGT, TBARS, and LH were significantly increased in liver of the alcohol+ΔPUFA group and were found to be reduced on treatment with kaempferol. The levels of both enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants were decreased in liver of the alcohol+ΔPUFA group and were found to be restored on treatment with kaempferol.

Conclusions: From the results obtained, we conclude that kaempferol protects the liver against alcohol- and ΔPUFA- induced oxidative stress.
Neonatal Infection and 5-year Neurodevelopmental Outcome of Very Preterm Infants
Authors: Mitha Ayoub , Foix-L’Hélias Laurence , Arnaud Catherine , Marret Stéphane , Vieux Rachel , Aujard Yannick , Thiriez Gérard , Larroque Béatrice , Cambonie Gilles , Burguet Antoine , Boileau Pascal , Rozé Jean Christophe , Kaminski Monique , Truffert Patrick , Ancel Pierre-Yves 
Published: July 2013

OBJECTIVE:To determine whether neonatal infections are associated with a higher risk of adverse neurodevelopment at 5 years of age in a population-based cohort of very preterm children.METHODS:We included all live births between 22 and 32 weeks of gestation, from 9 regions in France, in 1997 (EPIPAGE study). Of the 2665 live births, 2277 were eligible for a follow-up evaluation at 5 years of age: 1769 had a medical examination and 1495 underwent cognitive assessment. Cerebral palsy and cognitive impairment were studied as a function of early-onset sepsis (EOS) and late-onset sepsis (LOS), after adjustment for potential confounding factors, in multivariate logistic regression models.RESULTS:A total of 139 (5%) of the 2665 live births included in the study presented with EOS alone (without associated LOS), 752 (28%) had LOS alone (without associated EOS), and 64 (2%) displayed both EOS and LOS. At 5 years of age, the frequency of cerebral palsy was 9% (157 of 1769) and that of cognitive impairment was 12% (177 of 1495). The frequency of cerebral palsy was higher in infants with isolated EOS (odds ratio [OR]: 1.70 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.84−3.45]) or isolated LOS (OR: 1.71 [95% CI: 1.14−2.56]) than in uninfected infants, and this risk was even higher in cases of combined EOS and LOS (OR: 2.33 [95% CI: 1.02−5.33]). There was no association between neonatal infection and cognitive impairment.CONCLUSIONS:Neonatal infections in these very preterm infants were associated with a higher risk of cerebral palsy at the age of 5 years, particularly in infants presenting with both EOS and LOS.
General Movements in Very Preterm Children and Neurodevelopment at 2 and 4 Years
Authors: Spittle Alicia J. , Spencer-Smith Megan M. , Cheong Jeanie L.Y. , Eeles Abbey L. , Lee Katherine J. , Anderson Peter J. , Doyle Lex W. 
Published: July 2013

OBJECTIVE:
Although ∼50% of very preterm (VP) children have neurodevelopmental impairments, early prediction of infants who will experience problems later in life remains a challenge. This study evaluated the predictive value of general movements (GM; spontaneous and endogenous movements) at 1 and 3 months’ corrected age for neurodevelopment at 2 and 4 years of age in VP children.

METHODS:
At 1 and 3 months’ corrected age, infants born &lt;30 weeks’ gestation had GM assessed as normal or abnormal. Motor, cognitive, and language development at 2 years was assessed by using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition. At 4 years, cognitive and language outcomes were assessed by using the Differential Ability Scale–Second Edition and motor outcomes with the Movement Assessment Battery for Children–Second Edition; a diagnosis of cerebral palsy was documented.

RESULTS:
Ninety-nine VP infants were recruited, with 97% and 88% of survivors followed up at age 2 and 4 years, respectively. Abnormal GM at 1 month were associated with worse motor outcomes at 2 and 4 years but not language or cognitive outcomes. Abnormal GM at 3 months were associated with worse motor, cognitive, and language outcomes at both 2 and 4 years. Overall, GM at 1 month demonstrated better sensitivity to impairments at 2 and 4 years, whereas GM at 3 months had better specificity and were more accurate overall at distinguishing between children with and without impairment.

CONCLUSIONS:
Abnormal GM in VP infants, particularly at 3 months postterm, are predictive of worse neurodevelopment at ages 2 and 4 years.
Patterns of Retinal Hemorrhage Associated With Increased Intracranial Pressure in Children
Authors: Binenbaum Gil , Rogers David L. , Forbes Brian J. , Levin Alex V. , Clark Sireesha A. , Christian Cindy W. , Liu Grant T. , Avery Robert 
Published: July 2013

OBJECTIVE:
Raised intracranial pressure (ICP) has been proposed as an isolated cause of retinal hemorrhages (RHs) in children with suspected traumatic head injury. We examined the incidence and patterns of RHs associated with increased ICP in children without trauma, measured by lumbar puncture (LP).

METHODS:
Children undergoing LP as part of their routine clinical care were studied prospectively at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and retrospectively at Nationwide Children’s Hospital. Inclusion criteria were absence of trauma, LP opening pressure (OP) ≥20 cm of water (cm H2O), and a dilated fundus examination by an ophthalmologist or neuro-ophthalmologist.

RESULTS:
One hundred children were studied (mean age: 12 years; range: 3–17 years). Mean OP was 35 cm H2O (range: 20–56 cm H2O); 68 (68%) children had OP &gt;28 cm H2O. The most frequent etiology was idiopathic intracranial hypertension (70%). Seventy-four children had papilledema. Sixteen children had RH: 8 had superficial intraretinal peripapillary RH adjacent to a swollen optic disc, and 8 had only splinter hemorrhages directly on a swollen disc. All had significantly elevated OP (mean: 42 cm H2O).

CONCLUSIONS:
Only a small proportion of children with nontraumatic elevated ICP have RHs. When present, RHs are associated with markedly elevated OP, intraretinal, and invariably located adjacent to a swollen optic disc. This peripapillary pattern is distinct from the multilayered, widespread pattern of RH in abusive head trauma. When RHs are numerous, multilayered, or not near a swollen optic disc (eg, elsewhere in the posterior pole or in the retinal periphery), increased ICP alone is unlikely to be the cause.
Incidental Findings in Children With Blunt Head Trauma Evaluated With Cranial CT Scans
Authors: Rogers Alexander J. , Maher Cormac O. , Schunk Jeff E. , Quayle Kimberly , Jacobs Elizabeth , Lichenstein Richard , Powell Elizabeth , Miskin Michelle , Dayan Peter , Holmes James F. , Kuppermann Nathan 
Published: July 2013

OBJECTIVE:
Cranial computed tomography (CT) scans are frequently obtained in the evaluation of blunt head trauma in children. These scans may detect unexpected incidental findings. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence and significance of incidental findings on cranial CT scans in children evaluated for blunt head trauma.

METHODS:
This was a secondary analysis of a multicenter study of pediatric blunt head trauma. Patients &lt;18 years of age with blunt head trauma were eligible, with those undergoing cranial CT scan included in this substudy. Patients with coagulopathies, ventricular shunts, known previous brain surgery or abnormalities were excluded. We abstracted radiology reports for nontraumatic findings. We reviewed and categorized findings by their clinical urgency.

RESULTS:
Of the 43 904 head-injured children enrolled in the parent study, 15 831 underwent CT scans, and these latter patients serve as the study cohort. On 670 of these scans, nontraumatic findings were identified, with 16 excluded due to previously known abnormalities or surgeries. The remaining 654 represent a 4% prevalence of incidental findings. Of these, 195 (30%), representing 1% of the overall sample, warranted immediate intervention or outpatient follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS:
A small but important number of children evaluated with CT scans after blunt head trauma had incidental findings. Physicians who order cranial CTs must be prepared to interpret incidental findings, communicate with families, and ensure appropriate follow-up. There are ethical implications and potential health impacts of informing patients about incidental findings.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus–Associated Hospitalizations Among Children Less Than 24 Months of Age
Authors: Hall Caroline Breese , Weinberg Geoffrey A. , Blumkin Aaron K. , Edwards Kathryn M. , Staat Mary A. , Schultz Andrew F. , Poehling Katherine A. , Szilagyi Peter G. , Griffin Marie R. , Williams John V. , Zhu Yuwei , Grijalva Carlos G. , Prill Mila M. , Iwane Marika K. 
Published: July 2013

BACKGROUND:
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is a leading cause of hospitalization among infants. However, estimates of the RSV hospitalization burden have varied, and precision has been limited by the use of age strata grouped in blocks of 6 to ≥12 months.

METHODS:
We analyzed data from a 5-year, prospective, population-based surveillance for young children who were hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed (reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction) RSV acute respiratory illness (ARI) during October through March 2000–2005. The total population at risk was stratified by month of age by birth certificate information to yield hospitalization rates.

RESULTS:
There were 559 (26%) RSV-infected children among the 2149 enrolled children hospitalized with ARI (85% of all eligible children with ARI). The average RSV hospitalization rate was 5.2 per 1000 children &lt;24 months old. The highest age-specific rate was in infants 1 month old (25.9 per 1000 children). Infants ≤2 months of age, who comprised 44% of RSV-hospitalized children, had a hospitalization rate of 17.9 per 1000 children. Most children (79%) were previously healthy. Very preterm infants (&lt;30 weeks’ gestation) accounted for only 3% of RSV cases but had RSV hospitalization rates 3 times that of term infants.

CONCLUSIONS:
Young infants, especially those who were 1 month old, were at greatest risk of RSV hospitalization. Four-fifths of RSV-hospitalized infants were previously healthy. To substantially reduce the burden of RSV hospitalizations, effective general preventive strategies will be required for all young infants, not just those with risk factors.
Variation in Resource Use and Readmission for Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Children’s Hospitals
Authors: Tieder Joel S. , McLeod Lisa , Keren Ron , Luan Xianqun , Localio Russell , Mahant Sanjay , Malik Faisal , Shah Samir S. , Wilson Karen M. , Srivastava Rajendu 
Published: July 2013

OBJECTIVE:
We sought to characterize variation in hospital resource utilization and readmission for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) across US children’s hospitals.

METHODS:
The study sample included a retrospective cohort of children aged 2 to 18 years with a diagnosis of DKA at 38 children’s hospitals between 2004 and 2009. The main outcomes were resource utilization as determined by total standardized cost per hospitalization, overall and non-ICU length of stay (LOS), and readmission for DKA within 30 and 365 days.

RESULTS:
There were 24 890 DKA admissions, and 20.3% of these were readmissions within 1 year. The mean hospital-level total standardized cost was $7142 (range $4125–$11 916). The mean hospital-level LOS was 2.5 days (1.5–3.7), and the non-ICU portion was 1.9 days (0.7–2.7). The mean hospital-level readmission within 365 days was 18.7% (6.5%–41.1%) and within 30 days was 2.5% (0.0%–7.1%). Hospital bed days overall, and in particular the non-ICU portion, accounted for the majority of the total standardized cost per hospitalization (overall 57%; non-ICU 36%) and explained most of the variation in resource use. Even after adjusting for difference in patient characteristics across hospitals, widespread differences existed across hospitals in total standardized cost, LOS, and readmission rates (P &lt; .001).

CONCLUSIONS:
Readmission for DKA within a year of hospitalization is common. US children’s hospitals vary widely in resource use, hospital LOS, and readmission rates for patients with DKA. Our study highlights the need for additional research to understand these differences and to identify the most cost-effective strategies for managing diabetes across the continuum of care.
Use of Ecallantide in Pediatric Hereditary Angioedema
Authors: MacGinnitie Andrew J. , Davis-Lorton Mark , Stolz Leslie E. , Tachdjian Raffi 
Published: July 2013

OBJECTIVE:
Hereditary angioedema (HAE) due to C1-inhbitor deficiency is a rare autosomal dominant disease that manifests as sudden unpredictable attacks of subcutaneous or submucosal edema affecting the skin, intestine, and upper airway. Ecallantide is a plasma kallikrein inhibitor indicated for treatment of HAE attacks in patients aged 16 years and older. This analysis examines safety and efficacy of ecallantide for treatment of HAE attacks in patients &lt;18 years of age.

METHODS:
Data for patients aged 9 to 17 years treated subcutaneously with 30 mg ecallantide or placebo were pooled from 4 clinical studies (2 double-blind, placebo-controlled and 2 open-label). Efficacy end points included 2 HAE-specific patient-reported outcome measures: mean symptom complex severity (MSCS) score and treatment outcome score (TOS). Times to initial improvement, sustained improvement, and complete or near-complete symptom resolution were calculated. Treatment-emergent adverse events were examined.

RESULTS:
Overall, 29 pediatric patients were included; 25 of them received ecallantide for 62 total HAE attacks, and 10 received placebo for 10 total attacks. Ecallantide-treated attacks revealed clinically relevant reduction in symptom severity at 4 hours postdosing based on mean change in MSCS score (−1.4 ± 0.9 ecallantide versus −0.9 ± 0.6 placebo) and TOS (73.9 ± 35.50 ecallantide versus 45.0 ± 43.78 placebo). Patients treated with ecallantide showed rapid improvement in symptoms (median time to complete or near-complete symptom resolution: 181 minutes). No serious adverse events related to treatment were observed.

CONCLUSIONS:
Ecallantide appears effective for HAE attacks in adolescents, with rapid symptom improvement. No unexpected safety issues were identified.