bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exogenous calreticulin improves diabetic wound healing
Authors: Greives Matthew R. , Samra Fares , Pavlides Savvas C. , Blechman Keith M. , Naylor Sara‐Megumi , Woodrell Christopher D. , Cadacio Caprice , Levine Jamie P. , Bancroft Tara A. , Michalak Marek , Warren Stephen M. , Gold Leslie I. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA serious consequence of diabetes mellitus is impaired wound healing, which largely resists treatment. We previously reported that topical application of calreticulin (CRT), an endoplasmic reticulum chaperone protein, markedly enhanced the rate and quality of wound healing in an experimental porcine model of cutaneous repair. Consistent with these in vivo effects, in vitro CRT induced the migration and proliferation of normal human cells critical to the wound healing process. These functions are particularly deficient in poor healing diabetic wounds. Using a genetically engineered diabetic mouse (db/db) in a full‐thickness excisional wound healing model, we now show that topical application of CRT induces a statistically significant decrease in the time to complete wound closure compared with untreated wounds by 5.6 days (17.6 vs. 23.2). Quantitative analysis of the wounds shows that CRT increases the rate of reepithelialization at days 7 and 10 and increases the amount of granulation tissue at day 7 persisting to day 14. Furthermore, CRT treatment induces the regrowth of pigmented hair follicles observed on day 28. In vitro, fibroblasts isolated from diabetic compared with wild‐type mouse skin and human fibroblasts cultured under hyperglycemic compared with normal glucose conditions proliferate and strongly migrate in response to CRT compared with untreated controls. The in vitro effects of CRT on these functions are consistent with CRT's potent effects on wound healing in the diabetic mouse. These studies implicate CRT as a potential powerful topical therapeutic agent for the treatment of diabetic and other chronic wounds.
Performative Force, Convention, and Discursive Injustice
Authors: Kukla Rebecca 
Published: September 2012

AbstractI explore how gender can shape the pragmatics of speech. In some circumstances, when a woman deploys standard discursive conventions in order to produce a speech act with a specific performative force, her utterance can turn out, in virtue of its uptake, to have a quite different force—a less empowering force—than it would have if performed by a man. When members of a disadvantaged group face a systematic inability to produce a specific kind of speech act that they are entitled to perform—and in particular when their attempts result in their actually producing a different kind of speech act that further compromises their social position and agency—then they are victims of what I call discursive injustice. I examine three examples of discursive injustice. I contrast my account with Langton and Hornsby's account of illocutionary silencing. I argue that lack of complete control over the performative force of our speech acts is universal, and not a special marker of social disadvantage. However, women and other relatively disempowered speakers are sometimes subject to a distinctive distortion of the path from speaking to uptake, which undercuts their social agency in ways that track and enhance existing social disadvantages.
Infrared Thermographic Comparison of Temperature Increases on the Root Surface during Dowel Space Preparations Using Circular versus Oval Fiber Dowel Systems
Authors: Kilic Kerem , Er Ozgur , Kilinc Halil I. , Aslan Tugrul , Bendes Emre , Sekerci Ahmet Ercan , Aslantas Veysel 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPurpose: The purpose was to evaluate temperature increases during dowel space preparations with oval and circular fiber dowel systems.Materials and Methods: This study included 42 single‐rooted human mandibular premolars. Roots were scanned with cone‐beam computerized tomography (CBCT) to determine the ovoid root canal morphology. Root canals were treated with Ni‐Ti rotary instruments and obturated. A second CBCT was taken to determine the thinnest dentin thickness of each root. Roots were randomly divided into two groups (n = 21) according to the fiber dowel system used: group 1, circular fiber dowel system (D.T. Light‐Post); group 2, oval fiber dowel system (Ellipson Post). Dowel spaces were prepared using a circular fiber dowel drill and a diamond‐coated ultrasonic tip with an oval section under water cooling until 9 mm dowel spaces were obtained. Temperature changes were recorded from the thinnest root surfaces using a FLIR E60 thermal imaging camera.Results: Temperature increases were significantly greater with the circular fiber dowel system than with the oval fiber dowel system (p < 0.05).Conclusions: Although both dowel systems generated high temperature increases on root surfaces, the relatively lower temperature increase associated with the use of oval fiber dowels in ovoid canals makes it preferable to the use of circular fiber dowels.
Complete Denture Occlusion: An Evidence‐Based Approach
Authors: Farias‐Neto Arcelino , Carreiro Adriana da Fonte Porto 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPurpose: This study involved an extensive search for randomized controlled clinical trials comparing bilateral balanced and canine‐guided dentures, and questioned whether a bilateral balanced occlusion is imperative for successful denture treatment.Materials and Methods: Studies were identified by searching electronic databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, ISI Web of Science, LILACS, and BBD). The keywords “denture” and “occlusion” were used. The minimum inclusion requirements were (1) randomized controlled trials with patients of any age wearing both maxillary and mandibular conventional complete dentures (CDs), (2) comparison between bilateral balanced and canine‐guided dentures, and (3) assessment of masticatory function and/or patients’ satisfaction.Results: The search resulted in the identification of 5166 articles. Subsequently, 5156 articles were excluded on the basis of title and abstract. By the end of the search phase, seven randomized controlled trials were considered eligible.Conclusions: Current scientific evidence suggests that bilateral balanced occlusion is not imperative for successful treatment with conventional CDs in average patients. More studies are necessary to identify if specific clinical conditions may benefit from a balanced occlusion.
Learning Phonemes With a Proto‐Lexicon
Authors: Martin Andrew , Peperkamp Sharon , Dupoux Emmanuel 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBefore the end of the first year of life, infants begin to lose the ability to perceive distinctions between sounds that are not phonemic in their native language. It is typically assumed that this developmental change reflects the construction of language‐specific phoneme categories, but how these categories are learned largely remains a mystery. Peperkamp, Le Calvez, Nadal, and Dupoux (2006) present an algorithm that can discover phonemes using the distributions of allophones as well as the phonetic properties of the allophones and their contexts. We show that a third type of information source, the occurrence of pairs of minimally differing word forms in speech heard by the infant, is also useful for learning phonemic categories and is in fact more reliable than purely distributional information in data containing a large number of allophones. In our model, learners build an approximation of the lexicon consisting of the high‐frequency n‐grams present in their speech input, allowing them to take advantage of top‐down lexical information without needing to learn words. This may explain how infants have already begun to exhibit sensitivity to phonemic categories before they have a large receptive lexicon.
Low pay in South Africa
Authors: OOSTHUIZEN Morné 
Published: September 2012

Abstract:Remuneration in South Africa has been abundantly researched, but relatively little work has focused specifically on low‐paid work. This article looks at low pay among workers in wage employment between 2001 and 2007. After considering several definitions of low pay, the author estimates its incidence and analyses some of the factors associated with the probability of low pay. Based on the minimum wages prescribed in the Department of Labour's “sectoral determinations”, which he maps onto Labour Force Survey data, he then investigates the effects of statutory minimum wages and collective bargaining, finding that the latter in particular reduces the incidence of low pay.
Period ratios in multiplanetary systems discovered by Kepler are consistent with planet migration
Authors: Rein Hanno 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
The Kepler planet candidates are an interesting test bed for planet formation scenarios. We present results from N-body simulations of multiplanetary systems that resemble those observed by Kepler. We add both smooth (Type I/II) and stochastic migration forces. The observed period ratio distribution is inconsistent with either of those two scenarios on its own.
However, applying both stochastic and smooth migration forces to the planets simultaneously results in a period ratio distribution that is similar to the observed one. This is a natural scenario if planets form in a turbulent protoplanetary disc where these forces are always present. We show how the observed period ratio and eccentricity distribution can constrain the relative strength of these forces, a parameter which has been notoriously hard to predict for decades.
We make the source code of our simulations and the initial conditions freely available to enable the community to expand this study and include effect other than planetary migration.
Korero te kai o te Rangatira: Nutritional wellbeing of Māori at the pinnacle of life
Authors: WHAM Carol , MAXTED Eruera , DYALL Lorna , TEH Ruth , KERSE Ngaire 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAim:  To provide a succinct overview of the historical food eating patterns of Māori, the indigenous population of New Zealand, by examining the dietary practices of older Māori, and the significance of these practices for their health and wellbeing.Method:  A historical review of food sources that provided pre‐colonisation eating patterns of Māori was developed. Full engagement of older Māori was sought in the design and implementation of a longitudinal study of ageing ‘Life and Living to Advanced Age: A Cohort study in New Zealand’, (LILACS NZ) referred to in the present review. A cross‐sectional pilot study, which included older Māori aged 75 to 79 years, provided detail of traditional foods currently utilised in Northland and the Bay of Plenty regions. For the main study, local Māori providers conducted the research processes and the longitudinal cohort study (LILACS NZ) was implemented. Nutritional assessment included nutrition screening at baseline and detailed assessment using the repeated multiple pass, 24‐hour recall method for each participant in a 12‐month follow up.Results:  A wide range of foods were utilised prior to European contact. Similar traditional food was used in Northland and Bay of Plenty regions and these traditional foods were found to be valued and frequently used by older Māori. Those able to access important traditional foods on a regular basis had a significantly better nutrition status. Those who had less regard for the importance of traditional foods to practise their culture tended to be at higher nutrition risk. Screening identified over half of older Māori to be at high nutrition risk. Most participants viewed traditional foods to be very important and were able to eat these on a regular basis.Conclusion:  Research shows the impact of colonisation resulted in displacement of traditional foods from the diets of older Māori and this has been accompanied by higher nutrition risk. Food is an important cultural activity for Māori and Māori elders need to be supported to increase their consumption of traditional foods. Further investigations will examine the dietary patterns and nutrient intake of older Māori in relation to health and wellbeing.
Improving opportunities for food service and dietetics practice in hospitals and residential aged care facilities
Authors: WALTON Karen 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAim:  Food is a phenomenon that everyone has an opinion on because eating is a frequent, often social occurrence, and as such the importance of mealtimes can be undervalued in healthcare settings. Some staff may not share our concerns about suboptimal dietary intakes as they assume that nutritional status will improve as people feel better. However, the provision and consumption of an appealing and adequate diet is a critical aspect of holistic health care. This review examines the role of dietitians in food services to improve the situation.Methods:  A narrative review was formed with reference to the literature.Results:  Labelling food service departments as a ‘hotel service’ or a ‘non‐clinical service’ does little to assist the perception of these services by others; to enhance the knowledge and skills needed by others about optimising dietary intake opportunities by the sick and elderly; or to enhance the communication that is needed between stakeholders about food and mealtimes. The issue of addressing malnutrition, reviewing and improving menus, mealtime environments, feeding assistance, communication between staff, and acknowledgement of the important care role of food service providers becomes even more relevant as the population ages and the demand for health care grows.Conclusion:  This narrative highlights that the importance of dietitians building links with food services, leading high‐quality research, and improving the profile and recognition of food and mealtimes as integral to care, has never been greater.
Research in nutrigenomics and potential applications to practice
Authors: FERGUSON Lynnette R. , BARNETT Matthew P.G. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAim:  Nutrigenomics reflects gene–diet interactions. In recent years, the science of nutrigenomics has become more sophisticated. We seek to answer the question as to what this might mean for the dietetics profession.Methods:  We have critically reviewed recent developments in the area, and considered the importance of new business opportunities being opened up, which exploit the full potential of nutrigenomics for dietitians.Results:  Whereas early business models sold genetic test results through direct‐to‐consumer testing, new business initiatives move dietitians to a central role. This now provides a robust framework that can inform dietitians in their practice.Conclusion:  This field represents an important advance for dietitians.
Rio+20, biodiversity marginalized
Authors: Carrière Stéphanie M. , Rodary Estienne , Méral Philippe , Serpantié Georges , Boisvert Valérie , Kull Christian A. , Lestrelin Guillaume , Lhoutellier Louise , Moizo Bernard , Smektala Georges , Vandevelde Jean‐Christophe 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAt the Rio+20 Conference (June 2012), the biodiversity conservation agenda was subsumed into broader environmental issues like sustainable development, “green economy,” and climate change. This shoehorning of biodiversity issues is concomitant with a trend toward market‐based instruments and toward standardized biodiversity assessment and monitoring. This article raises concern that these trends can marginalize important and specific aspects of biodiversity governance, including other policy tools and region‐specific socio‐ecological environments. Among other trends, this contributes to the marginalization of agroecosystems as habitat and matrix for biodiversity. Such agroecosystems, however, can have a major impact on conservation outcomes as they comprise a major part of terrestrial lands. If the biodiversity crisis is to be curbed, special attention must be drawn to societies, institutional approaches, and environments that are currently marginalized in conservation policies.
Genotype D of hepatitis B virus and its subgenotypes: An update
Authors: Yousif Mukhlid , Kramvis Anna 
Published: September 2012

AimThe aim of the present study was to systematically and comparatively analyze the subgenotypes of genotype D of hepatitis B virus.MethodsIn total, 304 complete genomes of all genotype D subgenotypes were downloaded from the public databases. The sequences were analyzed using nucleotide divergence calculations, phylogenetic analysis and bioinformatics to detect amino acids signature motifs for each subgenotype and to define their geographical distribution.ResultsIntragroup divergence ranged from 0.8 ± 0.5 (%  standard deviation) for subgenotype D6 to 3.0 ± 0.3 for D8. Inter‐subgenotype divergence mostly ranged 4–7.5%. Phylogenetic analysis of genotype D showed separation into six distinct clusters (subgenotypes D1, D2, D3/D6, D4, D5 and D7/D8) with good bootstrap support. The mean intergroup divergence between D3 and D6 was the lowest and fell below the threshold of 4%, which is required to define a subgenotype, suggesting that subgenotypes D3 and D6 belong to one subgenotype. “D8” is a genotype D/E recombinant, which clusters with D7. A number of signature amino acids were found in all four open reading frames that could differentiate the subgenotypes, which also showed distinct geographical distribution.ConclusionThere are six and not eight subgenotypes of D, D1–D6, which can be differentiated by distinct clustering with high bootstrap support and signature amino acids. Subgenotypes D3 and “D6” should be reclassified as a single subgenotype D3 and it would be more correct to classify “D8” as a genotype D/E recombinant rather than a subgenotype.
Variant rs2200733 on Chromosome 4q25 Confers Increased Risk of Atrial Fibrillation: Evidence From a Meta‐Analysis
Authors: MOHANTY SANGHAMITRA , SANTANGELI PASQUALE , BAI RONG , DI BIASE LUIGI , MOHANTY PRASANT , PUMP AGNES , NATALE ANDREA 
Published: September 2012

Variant rs2200733 on Chromosome 4q25 Confers Increased Risk. Introduction: Several genome‐wide association studies have identified rs2200733, a single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at 4q25 to be the most common chromosomal variant present in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). We aimed to explore the association of rs2200733 with AF through a systematic review and meta‐analysis.
Method:
An extensive literature search was performed on PubMed, and other databases using the key words “genetics” and “AF.” Seven case‐control studies evaluating the association via multivariate analysis were identified including a total of 83,335 subjects (10,546 with AF, 72,789 referent individuals without AF). Meta‐analytic estimates were derived using random effects models. Potential sources of heterogeneity were examined in sensitivity analyses, and publication biases were estimated.
Result:
At pooled analysis, there was a strong independent association between the variant rs2200733 and the risk of AF (OR 1.89 [95% CI 1.62–2.16], P < 0.001). Minor allelic frequencies for SNP rs22000733 were significantly more prevalent in AF population than non‐AF. Metaregression results revealed that country of descent (logOR 0.38, P = 0.45) or site of study (logOR: −0.16, P = 0.41) did not moderate the overall effect size.
Conclusion:
Variant rs2200733 on chromosome 4q25 independently confers increased risk of AF. This finding will aid in improving our understanding of AF pathophysiology, risk prediction, and stratification of treatment strategy. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 24, pp. 155‐161, February 2013)
Identification of HLA‐DR4‐restricted immunogenic peptide derived from xenogenic porcine major histocompatibility complex class I molecule
Authors: Park Chan‐Su , Kim Ki‐Hyang , Im Sun‐A , Song Sukgil , Lee Chong‐Kil 
Published: September 2012

Park C‐S, Kim K‐H, Im S‐A, Song S, Lee C‐K. Identification of HLA‐DR4‐restricted immunogenic peptide derived from xenogenic porcine major histocompatibility complex class I molecule. Xenotransplantation 2012; 19: 317–322. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Indirect recognition of xenoantigens has been implicated as the major mechanism underlying xenospecific CD4+ T‐cell activation in chronic rejection. We identified swine leukocyte antigen (SLA)‐derived immunogenic peptides that are presented in the context of human HLA‐DR4 molecules. The SLA class I‐derived peptides that bind HLA‐DRB1*0401, a representative of the DR4 supertype, were predicted using a computer‐assisted algorithm. The candidate peptides were synthesized, and their binding capacities to HLA‐DRB1*0401 were compared in a competitive ELISA using biotinylated hemagglutinin reporter peptides [HA307‐319]. Peptide‐11 (LRSWTAADTAAQISK) was determined to exhibit the most potent binding capacity to HLA‐DRB1*0401 in vitro and thus selected for in vivo immunization. Immunization of HLA‐DRB1*0401‐transgenic mice with peptide‐11 elicited potent CD4+ Th1 responses. Peptide‐11 shares homology to α2 domains of three SLA‐1 alleles, six SLA‐2 alleles, and 14 SLA‐3 alleles. Thus, this study has important implications not only for the identification of an immunogenic indirect epitope shared by diverse SLA class I alleles, but also for the development of epitope‐specific immunoregulation strategies.
PS16 Which is more Effective, A Universal or Targeted Approach, to Implementing the National Healthy Start Programme? A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Moonan M , Hanratty B , Whitehead M 
Published: September 2012

BackgroundHealthy Start is a statutory scheme in the UK, aiming to improve the health of children and pregnant or lactating women by providing food vouchers and vitamins. The Department of Health intended the intervention to be targeted to low incomes families (a targeted approach), but in some areas Healthy Start vitamins are available to eligible mothers and children independent of income (a universal approach). The aim of this study is to investigate which approach is more effective and to identify barriers to implementation.Methods1) Systematic review of the literature to identify which approach, universal vs. targeted, achieves the highest coverage of vitamin use in pre-school children and pregnant women.; 2) Using national data, a comparison of vitamin uptake rates in targeted and universal areas.; 3) In depth qualitative interviews with 30 commissioners, providers and service users from a targeted and universal area. Data were thematically analysed.Results1) Initial findings from the systematic literature review reveals that universal supplementation of vitamins such as folic acid significantly reduces the incidence of preventable ill health due to vitamin deficiencies such as neural tube defects compared to a targeted approach.; 2) In areas using the targeted approach, the uptake of children’s drops and women’s tablets was 1.46% and 2.56% respectively. In the area that adopted a universal approach, the uptake of children’s drops and women’s tablets was 3.97% and 7.72% respectively. ; 3) Barriers shared by both approaches include a lack of awareness of the scheme amongst health professionals, onerous administrative processes and the availability of vitamins. The universal approach is supported by health professionals because it does not stigmatise recipients.Conclusion1) From the systematic review, mandatory universal fortification of foods, e.g. flour is a major public health opportunity for the UK.; 2) Uptake of Healthy Start food vouchers and vitamins is low whatever the implementation strategy. However, uptake of Healthy Start vitamins is significantly higher in areas adopting a universal approach to implementation. A universal approach to implementation is supported by the literature and this study suggests that it may overcome some barriers to the implementation of the Healthy Start scheme nationally.; 3) In particular, a universal approach may reduce some of the administrative hurdles confronted by a targeted approach and will also address the stigma associated with the use of Healthy Start vitamins.Producing evidence for the cost effectiveness of the scheme will be critical for its continued support.