bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and characterization of novel 8‐plex DiLeu isobaric labels for quantitative proteomics and peptidomics
Authors: Frost Dustin C. , Greer Tyler , Xiang Feng , Liang Zhidan , Li Lingjun 
Published: May 2015

RationaleRelative quantification of proteins via their enzymatically digested peptide products determines disease biomarker candidate lists in discovery studies. Isobaric label‐based strategies using TMT and iTRAQ allow for up to 10 samples to be multiplexed in one experiment, but their expense limits their use. The demand for cost‐effective tagging reagents capable of multiplexing many samples led us to develop an 8‐plex version of our isobaric labeling reagent, DiLeu.MethodsThe original 4‐plex DiLeu reagent was extended to an 8‐plex set by coupling isotopic variants of dimethylated leucine to an alanine balance group designed to offset the increasing mass of the label's reporter group. Tryptic peptides from a single protein digest, a protein mixture digest, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae lysate digest were labeled with 8‐plex DiLeu and analyzed via nanospray liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (nanoLC/MS2) on a Q‐Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometer. Characteristics of 8‐plex DiLeu‐labeled peptides, including quantitative accuracy and fragmentation, were examined.ResultsAn 8‐plex set of DiLeu reagents with 1 Da spaced reporters was synthesized at a yield of 36%. The average cost to label eight 100 µg peptide samples was calculated to be approximately $15. Normalized collision energy tests on the Q‐Exactive revealed that a higher‐energy collisional dissociation value of 27 generated the optimum number of high‐quality spectral matches. Relative quantification of DiLeu‐labeled peptides yielded normalized median ratios accurate to within 12% of their expected values.ConclusionsCost‐effective 8‐plex DiLeu reagents can be synthesized and applied to relative peptide and protein quantification. These labels increase the multiplexing capacity of our previous 4‐plex implementation without requiring high‐resolution instrumentation to resolve reporter ion signals. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of super‐resolution reconstruction of sparse representation in mass spectrometry imaging
Authors: Tang Fei , Bi Ying , He Jiuming , Li Tiegang , Abliz Zeper , Wang Xiaohao 
Published: May 2015

RationaleMass Spectrometry Imaging (MSI) is useful for analyzing biological samples directly, as a spatially resolved, label‐free technique. Here we present a method for super‐resolution reconstruction of sparse representation to improve resolution of MSI data.MethodsAir Flow‐Assisted Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging (AFAI‐MSI) was used to acquire MSI data from ink samples, thyroid tumour samples, rat renal biopsies, and rat brain biopsy samples. Super‐resolution reconstruction of sparse representation was adopted for the collected MSI data.ResultsAfter comparison of the reconstructed high‐resolution image and the original high‐resolution image, it is found that super‐resolution reconstruction image is closer to the original high‐resolution image than the image obtained with the interpolation method, and the highest Peak Signal‐to‐Noise Ratio (PSNR) difference value is over 1.4dB. Therefore, the application of the super‐resolution reconstruction technique, based on sparse representation MSI, is feasible and effective.ConclusionsThe method proposed here not only improves the resolution of MSI in post‐data processing, but also acquires fewer sampling points at the same resolution, thereby greatly reducing the sampling time, with great application value for large‐volume sample MSI, high‐resolution MSI, etc. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionisation quadrupole ion trap time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry of novel shape‐persistent macrocycles
Authors: Amato Filippo , Phulwale Bhimrao Vaijnath , Mazal Ctibor , Havel Josef 
Published: May 2015

RationaleShape‐persistent macrocycles (SPMs) represent innovative molecular building blocks for the development of highly organised supramolecular architectures with application in nanotechnology, chemistry, catalysis and optoelectronics. Systematic mass spectrometric characterisation of SPMs and their collision‐activated decay is not available to date.MethodsCharacterisation of alkoxy‐decorated SPMs was performed by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionisation quadrupole ion trap time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐QIT‐TOFMS) and collision‐induced dissociation (CID).ResultsLaser excitation of SPMs leads to the formation of stable cation radicals which show characteristic fragmentation patterns. All the product ions formed were identified. Photoelectrons generated during the MALDI process and full‐ring conjugation were found to be fundamental for the formation of molecular cation radicals and their stabilisation, respectively. Formation of supramolecular aggregates of SPMs by π‐π stacking was proven. SPMs are suitable motifs for the preparation of novel fullerene‐based donor‐acceptor systems.ConclusionsAlkoxy‐decorated SPMs represent promising electron‐donating building blocks that can be exploited in electronics and optoelectronics for the development of robust and highly efficient laser‐activated supramolecular switches. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Insights into the binding sites of sulforaphane on insulin studied by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Nagaveni V. , Prabhakar S. 
Published: May 2015

RationaleSulforaphane (SFN) is a natural isothiocyanate, known to reduce the risk of cancer and also aortic damage and diabetic cardiomyopathy induced by type 2 diabetes, etc. A more detailed knowledge on the direct interaction of SFN with insulin and its binding sites is necessary for better understanding the role of SFN on diabetes.MethodsLiquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC/ESI‐MS) and in‐source fragmentation experiments were performed on a Thermo Exactive orbitrap mass spectrometer. The solution of insulin and SFN was incubated and analyzed by mass spectrometry. Isotopic distribution pattern, accurate mass values and theoretical product ions were used to analyze the mass spectrometry data. The nature of binding of SFN and its binding sites with insulin were evaluated by LC/MS data.ResultsESI‐MS analysis of the incubated solution of insulin and SFN showed 1:1 and 1:2 complexes of [Insulin‐SFN]. LC/MS analysis revealed that the [Insulin+SFN] complexes were due to covalent binding of SFN at two different sites. The in‐source fragmentation experiments revealed that the SFN is binding to the NH2 groups of N‐terminal amino acids of A and B chains of insulin. Further study of SFN with insulin reduced with dithiothreitol (DTT) showed exclusive modification of cysteines with SFN.ConclusionsThe interaction of SFN was studied with insulin using ESI‐MS. SFN is found to bind covalently with the free NH2 group of the N‐terminal of the A and B chains of insulin. However, when insulin is reduced SFN preferably binds to SH groups of cysteines. Hence, the present study helps in the understanding of the binding sites of SFN on insulin. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design and performance of an all‐Internet Protocol mobile satellite system
Authors: Ravishankar Channasandra , Noerpel Anthony , Jong James J. , Zakaria Gaguk , BenAmmar Nassir , Arur Deepak , Morris Adrian , Leon Giadira , Huang Xiaoling , Ramchandran Harish , Xu Erik , Vasavada Yash , Barnett Charles 
Published: May 2015

SummaryThird and Fourth Generation (3G and 4G) terrestrial systems provide higher speed Internet Protocol multimedia services to end‐users with differentiated QoS across applications. To facilitate this, terrestrial architectures are moving towards an end‐to‐end all‐IP architecture that unifies all services, including Voice over IP bearer. In parallel, Mobile Satellite Systems (MSS) are being designed to complement and/or co‐exist with terrestrial coverage depending on spectrum sharing rules and operator choice. The challenge for MSS designers is to address the different physical layer characteristics while maintaining interoperability and compatibility with terrestrial services and reuse 3G Partnership Project core networks.To this end, MSS have been developed that mirror terrestrial Second Generation, 2.5G and 3G systems and are already operational in different parts of the world using different orbital constellations from low Earth orbits to geostationary orbits and both proprietary and standardized air interfaces. This paper describes architectures and methods for mobile satellite systems to achieve services similar to 3G and Fourth Generation terrestrial systems, focusing on the European Telecommunications Standards Institute Geostationary‐Mobile Radio GMR‐1 3G satellite air interface standard. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of two Kampo medicines in a diet‐induced mouse obesity model
Authors: Gao Fengying , Yokoyama Satoru , Fujimoto Makoto , Tsuneyama Koichi , Saiki Ikuo , Shimada Yutaka , Hayakawa Yoshihiro 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTAimBoiogito (BOT) and bofutsushosan (BTS) are major traditional Kampo medicines that have been widely used for obesity in Japan. In this study, we used a high‐fat diet‐induced obesity (DIO) mouse model to conduct a comparative study of the therapeutic efficacy of BOT and BTS in obesity.Methods
C57BL/6J mice were fed a high‐fat diet for 10 weeks in order to generate the DIO mouse model and were treated with Kampo medicines for 12 weeks. Bodyweight and food intake were monitored weekly and blood and tissue samples were collected.ResultsWhile neither BOT nor BTS had any significant impact on body composition in the DIO mice, serum leptin was significantly decreased in both BOT‐ and BTS‐treated DIO mice. In contrast to blood leptin, BOT suppressed, whereas BTS increased, blood insulin in the DIO mice. In addition to these serum obesity markers, BOT reduced liver triglyceride and total cholesterol content, as well as steatosis. Importantly, the mRNA expression of molecules associated with lipid metabolism was reduced in the DIO mice treated with BOT, whereas BTS instead reduced liver mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor‐α. Both BOT and BTS inhibited adipocyte maturation, as seen in the inhibition of adipocyte enlargement in the white adipose tissue of DIO mice.Conclusion
BOT and BTS have different therapeutic benefits in obesity due to their modulation of lipid metabolism and of anti‐inflammatory effects, respectively.
Uterine artery pulsatility index at 30–34 weeks' gestation in the prediction of adverse perinatal outcome
Authors: Valiño N. , Giunta G. , Gallo D. M. , Akolekar R. , Nicolaides K. H. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the potential value of uterine artery (UtA) Doppler at 30–34 weeks' gestation in the prediction of adverse perinatal outcome.MethodsThis was a screening study in 30 780 singleton pregnancies at 30–34 weeks. UtA pulsatility index (UtA‐PI) was measured and the values were converted to multiples of the median (MoM) after adjustment for variables relating to maternal characteristics and medical history that affect the measurements. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to determine if measuring UtA‐PI improved the prediction of adverse perinatal outcome provided by screening with maternal characteristics, medical history and obstetric factors. The detection rate (DR) and false‐positive rate (FPR) of screening by UtA‐PI were estimated for stillbirth, Cesarean section for fetal distress, umbilical arterial cord blood pH ≤ 7.0 or umbilical venous cord blood pH ≤ 7.1 and 5‐min Apgar score < 7.ResultsThe incidence of adverse perinatal outcome was higher in small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) fetuses than in non‐SGA fetuses, but the majority of cases with each adverse outcome were in the non‐SGA group, including about 70% of stillbirths and more than 80% with Cesarean section for fetal distress, low cord blood pH and low Apgar score. The performance of UtA‐PI > 95th percentile in screening for each adverse outcome was poor with DR of 6–16% and a FPR of 5–6%. The DR of adverse outcome when screening by high UtA‐PI was greater in pregnancies complicated by SGA than in non‐SGA pregnancies; 24% vs 13% for stillbirth, 15% vs 5% for Cesarean section for fetal distress, 30% vs 9% for low cord blood pH and 20% vs 3% for low 5‐min Apgar score, respectively.ConclusionHigh UtA‐PI at 30–34 weeks' gestation may be useful in the prediction of adverse perinatal outcome in pregnancies with a SGA fetus, however, in the absence of SGA, UtA‐PI is a poor predictor of adverse outcome. Copyright © 2015 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Amino Acid Profiles of 44 Soybean Lines and ACE‐I Inhibitory Activities of Peptide Fractions from Selected Lines
Authors: Rayaprolu Srinivas , Hettiarachchy Navam , Horax Ronny , Satchithanandam Eswaranandam , Chen Pengyin , Mauromoustakos Andy 
Published: May 2015

AbstractSoybeans are cultivated in the United States chiefly for cooking oil, while the residue after oil extraction (soybean meal) is mostly used in animal feed formulations. High protein content in the defatted soybean meals led to the extraction of pure protein and its application in food products. We selected 44 soybean lines to determine their moisture and protein contents, and their amino acid composition was investigated. Soybean lines with high protein content, one high yielding (R95‐1705), and two high oleic acid (N98‐4445A, S03‐543CR), were selected for protein isolate preparation, hydrolysis using alcalase and gastro‐intestinal (GI) resistance. Furthermore, the GI resistant hydrolysates were fractionated and tested for angiotensin‐I‐converting enzyme (ACE‐I) inhibition activity. The amino acid analysis showed high methionine in the high protein and fatty acid lines (R05‐4494 and R05‐5491), and high cysteine content in one of the high oleic acid soybean line CRR05‐188 in comparison to the check lines (UA‐4805 and 5601‐T). The protein isolate with the highest purity (90–93 %) was derived from the selected lines N98‐4445A and S03‐543CR, and hydrolyzed using alcalase enzyme. The protein hydrolysates (500 µg/mL) showed inhibition of the ACE‐I by 49 %. The results from this study will promote the use of high oleic acid soybeans as a source of protein and peptides with functional activities.
A Systematic Review of the Burden of Pancreatic Cancer in Europe: Real-World Impact on Survival, Quality of Life and Costs
Authors: Carrato A. , Falcone A. , Ducreux M. , Valle J. W. , Parnaby A. , Djazouli K. , Alnwick-Allu K. , Hutchings A. , Palaska C. , Parthenaki I. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to assess the overall burden of pancreatic cancer in Europe, with a focus on survival time in a real-world setting, and the overall healthy life lost to the disease.

Methods
Real-world data were retrieved from peer-reviewed, observational studies identified by an electronic search. We performed two de novo analyses: a proportional shortfall analysis to quantify the proportion of healthy life lost to pancreatic cancer and an estimation of the aggregate life-years lost annually in Europe.

Results
Ninety-one studies were included. The median, age-standardised incidence of pancreatic cancer per 100,000 was 7.6 in men and 4.9 in women. Overall median survival from diagnosis was 4.6 months; median survival was 2.8–5.7 months in patients with metastatic disease. The proportional shortfall analysis showed that pancreatic cancer results in a 98 % loss of healthy life, with a life expectancy at diagnosis of 4.6 months compared to 15.1 years for an age-matched healthy population. Annually, 610,000–915,000 quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) are lost to pancreatic cancer in Europe. Patients had significantly lower scores on validated health-related quality of life instruments versus population norms.

Conclusions
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to systematically review real-world overall survival and patient outcomes of pancreatic cancer patients in Europe outside the context of clinical trials. Our findings confirm the poor prognosis and short survival reported by national studies. Pancreatic cancer is a substantial burden in Europe, with nearly a million aggregate life-years lost annually and almost complete loss of healthy life in affected individuals.
Congenital and Acquired Conditions of the Mesial Temporal Lobe: A Pictorial Essay
Authors: Ochoa-Escudero Martin , Herrera Diego A. , Vargas Sergio A. , Dublin Arthur B. 
Published: May 2015

Purpose Our goal is to pictorially review a wide spectrum of congenital and acquired conditions affecting the medial aspect of the temporal lobe. Conclusion After completing this article, the reader will have knowledge of the imaging appearance of diverse developmental, malformative, and acquired lesions of the mesial temporal lobe, which will be useful when evaluating pathology in this location.
Screening and identification of tobacco mutants resistant to tobacco and cucumber mosaic viruses
Authors: SHEN L. L. , SUN H. J. , QIAN Y. M. , CHEN D. , ZHAN H. X. , YANG J. G. , WANG F. L. 
Published: May 2015

SUMMARYDeploying resistant cultivars is an economical and essential management method in controlling viral diseases, and there are several mutational resources for tobacco. In the present study, the inoculation of tobacco plants with tobacco viruses was performed in a greenhouse from 2011 to 2014 to identify mutants resistant to tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). The high-throughput screening included seeding uniformly, transplanting in seedbeds, inoculating by cloth brushes and reporting symptoms based on disease indices. A total of 4000 second generation segregating (M2) mutants of tobacco cultivar Zhongyan100 were screened. Seeds from highly resistant mutant M2plants were selected and planted separately. The M3were grown and mutational stability was measured. For TMV, ten highly resistant plants were selected in the M2generation and the mutation rate was 0·012%. In the M3generation, there were seven mutants with hereditary high resistance and, according to the results of real-time polymerase chain reaction, theNgene was detected in all seven M3. Two hereditary immune M4mutants, one of which was a male sterile line, were identified and evaluated in the glasshouse and in the field. For CMV, seven highly resistant plants were selected from the M2generation and the mutation rate was 0·009%. In the M3generation, there was one mutant with hereditary high resistance. The results indicate that hereditary mutants may be identified in the M4generation and back-crossed to wild-type Zhongyan100 to identify anti-viral genes.
Pigment cell movement is not required for generation of Turing patterns in zebrafish skin
Authors: Bullara D. , De Decker Y. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe zebrafish is a model organism for pattern formation in vertebrates. Understanding what drives the formation of its coloured skin motifs could reveal pivotal to comprehend the mechanisms behind morphogenesis. The motifs look and behave like reaction–diffusion Turing patterns, but the nature of the underlying physico-chemical processes is very different, and the origin of the patterns is still unclear. Here we propose a minimal model for such pattern formation based on a regulatory mechanism deduced from experimental observations. This model is able to produce patterns with intrinsic wavelength, closely resembling the experimental ones. We mathematically prove that their origin is a Turing bifurcation occurring despite the absence of cell motion, through an effect that we call differential growth. This mechanism is qualitatively different from the reaction–diffusion originally proposed by Turing, although they both generate the short-range activation and the long-range inhibition required to form Turing patterns.
Investigation of exotic stable calcium carbides using theory and experiment
Authors: Li Yan-Ling , Wang Sheng-Nan , Oganov Artem R. , Gou Huiyang , Smith Jesse S. , Strobel Timothy A. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIt is well known that pressure causes profound changes in the properties of atoms and chemical bonding, leading to the formation of many unusual materials. Here we systematically explore all stable calcium carbides at pressures from ambient to 100 GPa using variable-composition evolutionary structure predictions using the USPEX code. We find that Ca5C2, Ca2C, Ca3C2, CaC, Ca2C3 and CaC2 have stability fields on the phase diagram. Among these, Ca2C and Ca2C3 are successfully synthesized for the first time via high-pressure experiments with excellent structural correspondence to theoretical predictions. Of particular significance is the base-centred monoclinic phase (space group C2/m) of Ca2C, a quasi-two-dimensional metal with layers of negatively charged calcium atoms, and the primitive monoclinic phase (space group P21/c) of CaC with zigzag C4 groups. Interestingly, strong interstitial charge localization is found in the structure of R-3m-Ca5C2 with semi-metallic behaviour.
FUS regulates AMPA receptor function and FTLD/ALS-associated behaviour via GluA1 mRNA stabilization
Authors: Udagawa Tsuyoshi , Fujioka Yusuke , Tanaka Motoki , Honda Daiyu , Yokoi Satoshi , Riku Yuichi , Ibi Daisuke , Nagai Taku , Yamada Kiyofumi , Watanabe Hirohisa , Katsuno Masahisa , Inada Toshifumi , Ohno Kinji , Sokabe Masahiro , Okado Haruo , Ishigaki Shinsuke , Sobue Gen 
Published: May 2015

AbstractFUS is an RNA/DNA-binding protein involved in multiple steps of gene expression and is associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and fronto-temporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). However, the specific disease-causing and/or modifying mechanism mediated by FUS is largely unknown. Here we evaluate intrinsic roles of FUS on synaptic functions and animal behaviours. We find that FUS depletion downregulates GluA1, a subunit of AMPA receptor. FUS binds GluA1 mRNA in the vicinity of the 3′ terminus and controls poly (A) tail maintenance, thus regulating stability. GluA1 reduction upon FUS knockdown reduces miniature EPSC amplitude both in cultured neurons and in vivo. FUS knockdown in hippocampus attenuates dendritic spine maturation and causes behavioural aberrations including hyperactivity, disinhibition and social interaction defects, which are partly ameliorated by GluA1 reintroduction. These results highlight the pivotal role of FUS in regulating GluA1 mRNA stability, post-synaptic function and FTLD-like animal behaviours.
Directional cell movement through tissues is controlled by exosome secretion
Authors: Sung Bong Hwan , Ketova Tatiana , Hoshino Daisuke , Zijlstra Andries , Weaver Alissa M. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractDirectional cell movement through tissues is critical for multiple biological processes and requires maintenance of polarity in the face of complex environmental cues. Here we use intravital imaging to demonstrate that secretion of exosomes from late endosomes is required for directionally persistent and efficient in vivo movement of cancer cells. Inhibiting exosome secretion or biogenesis leads to defective tumour cell migration associated with increased formation of unstable protrusions and excessive directional switching. In vitro rescue experiments with purified exosomes and matrix coating identify adhesion assembly as a critical exosome function that promotes efficient cell motility. Live-cell imaging reveals that exosome secretion directly precedes and promotes adhesion assembly. Fibronectin is found to be a critical motility-promoting cargo whose sorting into exosomes depends on binding to integrins. We propose that autocrine secretion of exosomes powerfully promotes directionally persistent and effective cell motility by reinforcing otherwise transient polarization states and promoting adhesion assembly.