bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation of Nano‐Structured RDX in a Silica Xerogel Matrix
Authors: Ingale Sanjay V. , Umamaheswara Sastry Pulya , Wagh Pratap B. , Tripathi Arvind K. , Tewari Raghvendra , Jayakrishnan Vaisyappattu B. , Phapale Suhas B. , Rao Pandugula T. , Wasnik Rajbal D. , Bhattacharya Bikas , Gupta Satish C. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractRDX is preferred as explosive in munitions due to its balance of power and sensitivity that is known to be dependent on its particle size and size distribution. In this study, we prepared nano‐sized RDX in a silica xerogel matrix using a sol‐gel method and investigated its sensitivity for explosive properties. The presence of RDX in composite xerogel was confirmed by TG‐DSC and FTIR techniques. Microstructure and porosity were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), small angle X‐ray scattering, and N2‐physisorption techniques. TEM results showed that the size of RDX particles in the RDX‐silica composites is in the range of 10–30 nm. The sensitivity to impact and friction was found to be higher for the composites compared to raw RDX. It was also found to be significantly dependent on the acetone/TMOS ratio used in the preparation.
The Effect of Binder Systems on Early Aluminum Reaction in Detonations
Authors: Anderson Paul E. , Cook Paula , Davis Andy , Mychajlonka Kyle 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine compositional variables that result in early reaction of aluminum in detonations of pressed high explosive compositions, defined as reaction by 7 volume expansions as measured by 2.54 cm diameter copper cylinder expansion tests. In order to accomplish this in an economical fashion, statistical mixture design of experiments (DOE) was used in conjunction with anaerobic detonation calorimetry. The effect of binder type (e.g. energetic vs. inert), binder content, HMX content, aluminum content, and aluminum particle size was investigated. It was determined an energetic binder must be used to obtain significant aluminum reaction at volume expansions less than 7 V/V0. Aluminum particle size was only a minor factor. Furthermore, the compositional oxygen balance only provides a general indication of which compositions exhibit more aluminum reaction than others.
Single Step Synthesis of Nitro‐Functionalized Hydroxyl‐Terminated Polybutadiene
Authors: Shekhar Pant C. , Santosh Mada S. S. N. M. , Banerjee Shaibal , Khanna Pawan K. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe paper reports the energization of Hydroxyl‐Terminated Polybutadiene (HTPB) by functionalizing explosophore NO2 over the HTPB backbone, resulting in the formation of conjugated nitro‐alkene derivative of HTPB. A convenient, inexpensive and efficient “one pot” procedure of synthesizing Nitro‐Functionalized Hydroxyl‐Terminated Polybutadiene (Nitro‐HTPB) is reported. The reaction was carried out with sodium nitrite and iodine. To retain the unique physico‐chemical properties of HTPB, functionalization by NO2 group was restricted to 10 to 15 % of double bonds. The Nitro‐HTPB was characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR, VPO, DSC, TGA etc. The polymer has shown good thermal stability for practical applications. The kinetic parameters for the decomposition of Nitro‐HTPB at 150–300 °C were obtained from non‐isothermal DSC data.
Cortisol Level Modulated by Integrative Meditation in a Dose‐dependent Fashion
Authors: Fan Yaxin , Tang Yi‐Yuan , Posner Michael I. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractPrior research has shown that an additional training session immediately after acute stress decreases release of salivary cortisol in a college student group trained with 5‐day integrative body–mind training (IBMT) in comparison with a control group given the same amount of relaxation training. However, 5 days of training does not influence the basal secretion of cortisol. The current study seeks to extend this finding and determine whether increasing amounts of IBMT will decrease the basal cortisol level, suggesting reduced stress to daily activities. Thirty‐four Chinese undergraduates were randomly assigned either to 4 weeks of IBMT or a relaxation control. Salivary cortisol levels at baseline before training and the three stages of a stress intervention test (i.e. rest, stress and additional 20‐min practice) after 2 and 4 weeks of training were assessed. The basal cortisol level decreased significantly in the IBMT but not in relaxation group after 2 and 4 weeks of training. An additional IBMT practice session immediately after acute stress produced significantly lower cortisol release for the IBMT group in comparison with relaxation at weeks 2 and 4. The results indicate that IBMT produces a change in the basal endocrine system and larger acute effects as the dose of training increases. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of significant features inDNAmicroarray data
Authors: Bair Eric 
Published: May 2013

DNAmicroarrays are a relatively new technology that can simultaneously measure the expression level of thousands of genes. They have become an important tool for a wide variety of biological experiments. One of the most common goals ofDNAmicroarray experiments is to identify genes associated with biological processes of interest. Conventional statistical tests often produce poor results when applied to microarray data owing to small sample sizes, noisy data, and correlation among the expression levels of the genes. Thus, novel statistical methods are needed to identify significant genes inDNAmicroarray experiments. This article discusses the challenges inherent inDNAmicroarray analysis and describes a series of statistical techniques that can be used to overcome these challenges. The problem of multiple hypothesis testing and its relation to microarray studies are also considered, along with several possible solutions.WIREs Comput Stat2013, 5:309–325. doi: 10.1002/wics.1260This article is categorized under:Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Data Reduction, Smoothing, and FilteringApplications of Computational Statistics > Genomics/Proteomics/GeneticsData: Types and Structure > Microarrays
Pharmacology of ASIC channels
Authors: Lingueglia Eric , Lazdunski Michel 
Published: May 2013

Acid‐sensing ion channels (ASICs) form a family of voltage‐independent amiloride‐sensitive cation channels that predominantly conduct Na+ ions. ASICs are activated by extracellular acidification within the physiological range, and they form effective proton sensors in both the central and peripheral nervous system, with increasing evidence of expression in non‐neuronal cells as well. Positive modulators include some metal ions, small molecules, neuropeptides, opioid peptides, and a snake toxin, while inhibitors include nonspecific and/or nonsubtype‐specific small molecules and more specific natural peptides isolated from animal venoms. A combination of genetic and pharmacologic approaches using the weakly selective inhibitor amiloride and more selective peptide toxins has revealed the implication of ASIC channels in an increasing number of physiological and pathophysiological processes, most of them associated with extracellular pH fluctuations, ranging from synaptic plasticity, learning, memory, fear, depression, seizure termination, and neuronal degeneration to nociception and mechanosensation. WIREs Membr Transp Signal 2013, 2:155–171. doi: 10.1002/wmts.88Conflict of interest: ML is Senior Vice President and Chief Scientific Officer of Theralpha.For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
Synthesis, Structural and Dielectric Characterization of two Imidazole‐ and Oxalate‐containing Copper(II) Complexes
Authors: Zhu Run‐Qiang , Zhang Wen 
Published: May 2013

AbstractReaction of Cu(ox)(H2O)0.5 (ox = oxalate dianion) with HIm (HIm = imidazole) in aqueous solution yields two CuII complexes, [Cu3(H2O)4(HIm)4(μ‐Im)2(ox)2] (1) (Im = imidazole anion) and [Cu(HIm)6](ox) (2). Formation of the two compounds depends on the molar ratio of the reactants and a secondary reagent, indicating a rich chemistry of the combination of CuII/ox/HIm components. Structural analyses of the two compounds show that 1 is a linear trinuclear cluster, in which the two Im anions act as bridging ligands and 2 shows a rare 6:1 HIm/Cu stoichiometry with a CsCl‐type packing structure. There are numerous N–H···O and O–H···O hydrogen bonds among the ox, HIm, and/or H2O components, leading to complicate supramolecular hydrogen‐bond networks. Temperature‐dependent dielectric constants of the compounds show no dielectric anomalies between 100–345 K, suggesting no structural phase transitions in the measured temperature range.
Soybean Oil‐Based Polyurethane Networks: Shape‐Memory Effects and Surface Morphologies
Authors: Miao Shida , Callow Nicholas , Wang Ping , Liu Youyan , Su Zhiguo , Zhang Songping 
Published: May 2013

AbstractVegetable oil‐based shape‐memory polyurethane networks are an emerging class of bio‐based functional materials with great potential applications. In this study, a series of different structural soybean oil polyols were synthesized, and utilized to fabricate polyurethane networks by reacting with 1,6‐diisocyanatohexane. The soybean oil‐based polyurethanes (SOPUs) were characterized with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical tests (DMA), tensile testing, shape‐memory testing, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). It was found that SOPUs with a preserved triglyceride structure were fixed in a temporary shape at −20 °C, while others were fixed in temporary shapes at 4 °C. Although the recovery speeds were different, all the samples could completely regain their permanent shapes at 37 °C (human body temperature). Furthermore, different SOPUs exhibited different surface structures, which might provide the materials with additional values.
Textural and Compositional Relationships of Rutile and Chromite in Sittampundi Anorthosite Complex, Tamil Nadu
Authors: Raju P.V. Sunder 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
The anorthosite complexes and related rock types of the Indian Precambrian shield are primarily associated with either cratons or mobile belts. They were metamorphosed under amphibolites to granulite facies conditions. The major rock types are chromite-bearing meta-anorthosites, amphibolites, basic granulites, pink granites and gneisses. This study was carried out on chromitite bearing samples from Sittampundi layered anorthosite complex, Tamil Nadu, to evaluate the textural and compositional relationships of rutile and chromite. The pristine composition of the chromites is still preserved inspite of intense metamorphic and tectonic process. The rutiles are differentiated into isolated, clustered and exsolved rutile grains.
Unraveling the covariation of low self‐control and victimization: A behavior genetic approach
Authors: Boutwell Brian B. , Franklin Cortney A. , Barnes J.C. , Tamplin Amanda K. , Beaver Kevin M. , Petkovsek Melissa 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTA growing body of literature examining the antecedents of victimization experiences has suggested that personality constructs play a role in the origins of victimization. Low self‐control, in particular, represents a trait thought to directly increase the risk of victimization. At the same time, different lines of evidence suggest that genetic factors account for portions of the variance in both self‐control and victimization. These findings leave open the possibility that the two traits might covary because of previously unmeasured genetic factors. The current analysis seeks to test this possibility. Additionally, we examine whether the covariation between self‐control and victimization persists once genetic effects are held constant. Our findings suggest a nuanced explanation for the relationship between self‐control and experiences of victimization.
Personality and risk of Alzheimer's disease: New data and meta‐analysis
Authors: Terracciano Antonio , Sutin Angelina R. , An Yang , O'Brien Richard J. , Ferrucci Luigi , Zonderman Alan B. , Resnick Susan M. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundWe examine whether broad factors and specific facets of personality are associated with increased risk of incident Alzheimer's disease (AD) in a long‐run longitudinal study and a meta‐analysis of published studies.MethodsParticipants (n = 1671) were monitored for up to 22 years from a baseline personality assessment. The meta‐analysis pooled results from up to five prospective studies (n = 5054).ResultsIndividuals with scores in the top quartile of neuroticism (hazard ratio = 3.1; 95% confidence interval = 1.6–6.0) or the lowest quartile of conscientiousness (hazard ratio = 3.3; 95% confidence interval = 1.4–7.4) had a threefold increased risk of incident AD. Among the components of these traits, self‐discipline and depression had the strongest associations with incident AD. The meta‐analysis confirmed the associations of neuroticism (P = 2 × 10−9) and conscientiousness (P = 2 × 10−6), along with weaker effects for openness and agreeableness (P < .05).ConclusionsThe current study and meta‐analysis indicate that personality traits are associated with increased risk of AD, with effect sizes similar to those of well‐established clinical and lifestyle risk factors.
GENERIC VANISHING THEORY VIA MIXED HODGE MODULES
Authors: POPA MIHNEA , SCHNELL CHRISTIAN 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWe extend most of the results of generic vanishing theory to bundles of holomorphic forms and rank-one local systems, and more generally to certain coherent sheaves of Hodge-theoretic origin associated with irregular varieties. Our main tools are Saito’s mixed Hodge modules, the Fourier–Mukai transform for $\mathscr{D}$-modules on abelian varieties introduced by Laumon and Rothstein, and Simpson’s harmonic theory for flat bundles. In the process, we also discover two natural categories of perverse coherent sheaves.
The Quran and the apostles of Jesus
Authors: Reynolds Gabriel Said 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAccording to Islamic tradition the companions of Jesus in the Quran, theḥawāriyyūn, were faithful disciples. Critical scholars largely agree that the Quran means to present theḥawāriyyūnas such, and generally translateḥawāriyyūnas “apostles” or “disciples”. Some add thatḥawāriyyūnis related toḥawāryā, the Geʿez term used for the apostles in the Ethiopic Bible. In the present article I argue that while the Quran indeed means to signal the apostles of Christian tradition with the termḥawāriyyūn, it does not consider theḥawāriyyūnto have been faithful. The Quran praises theḥawāriyyūnfor their belief in Jesus (a belief that distinguishes them from other Israelites, i.e. the Jews) but reprimands them for abandoning his message. Hence emerges the exceptional position of Christians in the Quran: they are not condemned but rather exhorted to return to their prophet's teaching.
Infant botulism with prolonged faecal excretion of botulinum neurotoxin and Clostridium botulinum for 7 months
Authors: DERMAN Y. , KORKEALA H. , SALO E. , LÖNNQVIST T. , SAXEN H. , LINDSTRÖM M. 
Published: May 2013

SUMMARYIn Finland in April 2010, a 3-month old baby was diagnosed with type A infant botulism. He excreted botulinum neurotoxin and/or Clostridium botulinum in his faeces until November 2010. Five months of excretion was after clinical recovery and discharge from hospital. C. botulinum isolates recovered from the household dust in the patient's home were genetically identical to those found in the infant's stool samples. Long-term faecal excretion of C. botulinum may pose a possible health risk for the parents and others in close contact with the infant.
Observations of mice predation on dark-mantled sooty albatross and Atlantic yellow-nosed albatross chicks at Gough Island
Authors: Cuthbert R.J. , Louw H. , Parker G. , Rexer-Huber K. , Visser P. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIntroduced house miceMus musculusL. have been discovered to be major predators of chicks of the Tristan albatrossDiomedea dabbenenaL. and Atlantic petrelPterodroma incertaSchlegel and to also predate great shearwaterPuffinus gravisO'Reilly chicks at Gough Island, and similar predatory behaviour has been reported for house mice on Marion Island. Observations on Gough Island over three breeding seasons of nesting Atlantic yellow-nosed albatrossesThalassarche chlororhynchosGmelin and dark-mantled sooty albatrossPhoebetria fuscaHilsenberg indicate that house mice are also preying on these two species: the first records of mice preying upon summer-breeding albatross species on Gough Island. Predation on these two albatross species appears to be relatively rare (∼2% for the Atlantic yellow-nosed albatrosses) and ongoing monitoring is required to ascertain if the impact of mice is increasing. Conservation actions to eradicate mice from Gough Island will be of benefit to these species and other species that are being impacted by this invasive species.
External Factors Impacting Hospital Evacuations Caused by Hurricane Rita: The Role of Situational Awareness
Authors: Downey Erin L. , Andress Knox , Schultz Carl H. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIntroductionThe 2005 Gulf Coast hurricane season was one of the most costly and deadly in US history. Hurricane Rita stressed hospitals and led to multiple, simultaneous evacuations. This study systematically identified community factors associated with patient movement out of seven hospitals evacuated during Hurricane Rita.MethodsThis study represents the second of two systematic, observational, and retrospective investigations of seven acute care hospitals that reported off-site evacuations due to Hurricane Rita. Participants from each hospital included decision makers that comprised the Incident Management Team (IMT). Investigators applied a standardized interview process designed to assess evacuation factors related to external situational awareness of community activities during facility evacuation due to hurricanes. The measured outcomes were responses to 95 questions within six sections of the survey instrument.ResultsInvestigators identified two factors that significantly impacted hospital IMT decision making: (1) incident characteristics affecting a facility's internal resources and challenges; and (2) incident characteristics affecting a facility's external evacuation activities. This article summarizes the latter and reports the following critical decision making points: (1) Emergency Operations Plans (EOP) were activated an average of 85 hours (3 days, 13 hours) prior to Hurricane Rita's landfall; (2) the decision to evacuate the hospital was made an average of 30 hours (1 day, 6 hours) from activation of the EOP; and (3) the implementation of the evacuation process took an average of 22 hours. Coordination of patient evacuations was most complicated by transportation deficits (the most significant of the 11 identified problem areas) and a lack of situational awareness of community response activities. All evacuation activities and subsequent evacuation times were negatively impacted by an overall lack of understanding on the part of hospital staff and the IMT regarding how to identify and coordinate with community resources.ConclusionHospital evacuation requires coordinated processes and resources, including situational awareness that reflects the condition of the community as a result of the incident. Successful hospital evacuation decision making is influenced by community-wide situational awareness and transportation deficits. Planning with the community to create realistic EOPs that accurately reflect available resources and protocols is critical to informing hospital decision making during a crisis. Knowledge of these factors could improve decision making and evacuation practices, potentially reducing evacuation times in future hurricanes.DowneyEL, AndressK, SchultzCH. External factors impacting hospital evacuations caused by Hurricane Rita: the role of situational awareness. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2013;28(3):1-8.
Has Violence Declined in World Politics?
Authors: Fortna Page 
Published: May 2013

Winning the War on War: The Decline of Armed Conflict Worldwide.By Joshua S. Goldstein. New York: Dutton, 2011. 400p. $26.95 cloth, $17.00 paper.Violence is an ever present and very visible feature of our political landscape. And war—its strategy, its preparation, and its conduct—remains a central preoccupation of political elites and of political scientists. In his new bookWinning the War on War,Joshua S. Goldstein sifts the statistical and historiographical evidence to tell a story of how we seem to be winning the long-term fight against war, and why. Goldstein places major emphasis on the rise of international peacekeeping, but he also discusses alternative explanations, such as the liberal peace. In this symposium a number of scholars of international politics, comparative politics, and political theory have been asked to comment on Goldstein's book and on the broader theme it addresses.—Jeffrey C. Isaac, Editor
Has Violence Declined in World Politics?
Authors: Levy Jack S. 
Published: May 2013

Winning the War on War: The Decline of Armed Conflict Worldwide.By Joshua S. Goldstein. New York: Dutton, 2011. 400p. $26.95 cloth, $17.00 paper.Violence is an ever present and very visible feature of our political landscape. And war—its strategy, its preparation, and its conduct—remains a central preoccupation of political elites and of political scientists. In his new bookWinning the War on War,Joshua S. Goldstein sifts the statistical and historiographical evidence to tell a story of how we seem to be winning the long-term fight against war, and why. Goldstein places major emphasis on the rise of international peacekeeping, but he also discusses alternative explanations, such as the liberal peace. In this symposium a number of scholars of international politics, comparative politics, and political theory have been asked to comment on Goldstein's book and on the broader theme it addresses.—Jeffrey C. Isaac, Editor
Has Violence Declined in World Politics?
Authors: Mearsheimer John 
Published: May 2013

Winning the War on War: The Decline of Armed Conflict Worldwide. By Joshua S. Goldstein. New York: Dutton, 2011. 400p. $26.95 cloth, $17.00 paper.Violence is an ever present and very visible feature of our political landscape. And war—its strategy, its preparation, and its conduct—remains a central preoccupation of political elites and of political scientists. In his new book Winning the War on War, Joshua S. Goldstein sifts the statistical and historiographical evidence to tell a story of how we seem to be winning the long-term fight against war, and why. Goldstein places major emphasis on the rise of international peacekeeping, but he also discusses alternative explanations, such as the liberal peace. In this symposium a number of scholars of international politics, comparative politics, and political theory have been asked to comment on Goldstein's book and on the broader theme it addresses.—Jeffrey C. Isaac, Editor
Ideology, Realpolitik, and US Foreign Policy
Authors: Walt Stephen M. 
Published: May 2013

Explaining the Iraq War: Counterfactual Theory, Logic and Evidence. By Frank P. Harvey. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011. 360p. $103.00 cloth, $29.99 paper.The Iraq War initiated by the Bush administration in 2003 was and perhaps continues to be an important episode in world politics, US politics, and the politics of the Middle East. The war also galvanized controversy among public intellectuals and broader publics, and generated strong opposition in many European and Middle Eastern countries. In Explaining the Iraq War, Frank P. Harvey offers an interesting analysis of the war and its causes, and does so in a way that raises broader questions about politics and about the scientific study of politics. We have thus invited a distinguished group of political scientists from a variety of subfields to review the book, both as an account of the Iraq War and as a contribution to political science more generally.—Jeffrey C. Isaac, Editor