bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Greater emotional eating scores associated with reduced frontolimbic activation to palatable taste in adolescents
Authors: Bohon Cara 
Published: April 2014

ObjectiveThis study examined the relation between self‐reported emotional eating scores and frontolimbic brain response to palatable taste in adolescents.MethodsParticipants included 162 adolescents (mean BMI percentile = 52.7, range 3‐90). Participants completed a self‐report survey assessing emotional eating and underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while viewing pictures signaling subsequent delivery of a chocolate milkshake or a control taste and receiving the corresponding taste.ResultsResults revealed no significant relation between emotional eating scores and brain response to anticipation of receipt of milkshake. In response to milkshake taste receipt, emotional eating scores were negatively related to activation in the right thalamus, the left insula and orbitofrontal cortex, and bilateral putamen and caudate. These findings remained significant after controlling for body mass index and body fat percentage.ConclusionsThe current results are discussed in the context of findings of reduced reward activation to palatable taste receipt in obese adults and adolescents.
Delirium associated with therapeutic levels of lithium in bipolar disorder
Authors: Clough Zoe , Henry Rebecca , Ekelund Anders 
Published: April 2014

AbstractLithium has been associated with neurotoxicity even at ‘therapeutic’ levels. This case report describes a patient with bipolar disorder who developed signs of delirium following an increase in her dose of lithium, even though her serum levels remained in the therapeutic range. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons
Management of neuropsychiatric symptoms in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Sommerlad Andrew , Price Gary , Trip Anand 
Published: April 2014

AbstractMultiple sclerosis is associated with a high prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity, including affective, psychotic and cognitive disorders. In this review, Dr Sommerlad and colleagues discuss the epidemiology, aetiology and management of neuropsychiatric symptoms in multiple sclerosis, using case vignettes to demonstrate the wide range of clinical presentations. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons
Synthesis of degradable poly(methyl methacrylate) star polymers via RAFT copolymerization with cyclic ketene acetals
Authors: Kobben Stephan , Ethirajan Anitha , Junkers Tanja 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTCopolymerization of the cyclic ketene acetal 5,6‐benzo‐2‐methylene‐1,3‐dioxepane (BMDO) with methyl methacrylate (MMA) is studied with respect to its copolymerization parameters and the suitability to control BMDO/MMA copolymerizations via the reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) technique to obtain linear and 4‐arm star polymers. BMDO shows disparate copolymerization behavior with MMA and r1 = 0.33 ± 0.06 and r2 = 6.0 ± 0.8 have been determined for polymerization at 110 °C in anisole from fitting copolymer composition vs. comonomer feed data to the Lewis–Mayo equation. Copolymerization of the two monomers is successful in RAFT polymerization employing a trithiocarbonate control agent. As desired, polymers contain only little amount of polyester units stemming from BMDO units and preliminary degradation experiment show that the polymer degrades slowly, but steadily in aqueous 1 M NaOH dispersion. Within ten days, the polymers are broken down to low molecular weight segments from an initial molecular weight of Mn = 6000 g mol−1. Star (co)polymerization with an erythritol‐based tetra‐functional RAFT agent following the Z‐group approach proceeds efficiently and polymers with a number‐average molecular weight of 10,000 g mol−1 are readily obtained that degrade in similar manner as the linear copolymer counterparts. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014, 52, 1633–1641
Phenotypic comparisons of consensus variants versus laboratory resurrections of Precambrian proteins
Authors: Risso Valeria A. , Gavira Jose A. , Gaucher Eric A. , Sanchez‐Ruiz Jose M. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTConsensus‐sequence engineering has generated protein variants with enhanced stability, and sometimes, with modulated biological function. Consensus mutations are often interpreted as the introduction of ancestral amino acid residues. However, the precise relationship between consensus engineering and ancestral protein resurrection is not fully understood. Here, we report the properties of proteins encoded by consensus sequences derived from a multiple sequence alignment of extant, class A β‐lactamases, as compared with the properties of ancient Precambrian β‐lactamases resurrected in the laboratory. These comparisons considered primary sequence, secondary, and tertiary structure, as well as stability and catalysis against different antibiotics. Out of the three consensus variants generated, one could not be expressed and purified (likely due to misfolding and/or low stability) and only one displayed substantial stability having substrate promiscuity, although to a lower extent than ancient β‐lactamases. These results: (i) highlight the phenotypic differences between consensus variants and laboratory resurrections of ancestral proteins; (ii) question interpretations of consensus proteins as phenotypic proxies of ancestral proteins; and (iii) support the notion that ancient proteins provide a robust approach toward the preparation of protein variants having large numbers of mutational changes while possessing unique biomolecular properties. Proteins 2014; 82:887–896. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Domain wall dynamics in nanocrystalline microwires
Authors: Klein Peter , Varga Rastislav , Vazquez Manuel 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe domain wall velocity in amorphous microwires approaches very high values up to 20 km/s but dynamics is extremely sensitive to time and temperature. On the other hand, high stability in crystalline materials is paid by very low velocity of the domain wall. One possible solution is using of nanocrystalline material, which are produced by controlled annealing from amorphous precursors. Domain wall velocity reaches up to 1 km/s in nanocrystalline microwires based on FINEMET composition. In different group of nanocrystalline microwires based on HITPERM composition was observed temperature stable and fast domain wall up to 3 km/s. In the present contribution, we present new class of nanocrystalline microwires based on FeNiMoB composition, where domain wall velocity up to 12 km/s was observed. In generally, domain wall velocity increases by annealing in FeNiMoB microwires in contrary to FeCoMoB microwires. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Thermodynamic analysis of possible phase states in Ni50Mn35In15 Heusler alloy
Authors: Zagrebin M.A. , Buchelnikov V.D. , Kostromitin K.I. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIn this work, a phenomenological Ginzburg‐Landau free‐energy model is developed for investigating structural and magnetic phase transitions in Heusler alloy Ni50Mn35In15. In particular, our model accounts for the inversion of the exchange interaction, which is coupled to the structural parameters of the crystal structure.Equilibrium magnetic states of the model are described by two interacting antiferromagtic sublattices with nonequal sublattice magnetizations, which allows for ferro‐, antiferro‐, and ferri‐magnetic solutions. The analysis of calculated phase stability diagrams shows a thermodynamic path that qualitatively reproduces the experimentally observed phase transitions. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Investigation of the physical properties of entangled electron spin states in a solid
Authors: Petrov Vladimir N. , Ustinov Alexander B. , Petrova Daria V. , Grib Andrey A. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractA concept of experimental study of physical properties of entangled electron spin states (enton quasiparticles) in a solid has been suggested in this paper. In order to conduct such investigations we designed the experimental setup and created spin electron detectors of the next generation. The previous types of detectors didn’t meet all our requirements. The two Mott detectors simultaneously measured spin polarization of electrons during test measurements. The results show that Bell inequalities are satisfied in a traditional measurement mode without temporal pulse coincidence that corresponds to measurement mode of particles not being in the entangled state. The usage of pulse coincidence mode will allow establishing the fact of the Bell’s inequalities violation and will proof the existence of entangled electron spin states in a solid. Further measurements at different pulse durations in the pulse coincidence mode and also measurements at different energies and incidence angles will allow determining the lifetime, energy and dispersion of entangled states in a solid.
Magnetic shape memory microactuator
Authors: Kalimullina E. , Kamantsev A. , Koledov V. , Shavrov V. , Nizhankovskii V. , Irzhak A. , Albertini F. , Fabbrici S. , Ranzieri P. , Ari‐Gur P. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBimetallic composite nanotweezers based on Ti2NiCu alloy with shape memory effect (SME) have been recently proved to allow the manipulation of real nano‐objects, such as nanotubes, and bionanoparticles while heated up to 40‐60 °C by laser radiation. The possibility of developing nanotweezers operating at a constant temperature is of particular importance mainly for the manipulation of biological objects. In this work, a microactuator was produced using a composite bilayer made of a layer of rapidly quenched Ni53Mn24Ga23 ferromagnetic shape memory Heusler alloy and an elastic layer of Pt. The size of the microactuator is 25×2.3×1.7 µm3. The controlled bending deformation of the actuator is 1.2%, with a deflection of the end of the actuator higher than 2 µm has been obtained by applying a magnetic field of 8 T at T = 62 °C The possibility of the development of new technologies for magnetic‐field‐controlled nanotools operating at a constant temperature using the new multifunction magnetic shape memory alloys will be discussed. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
GUI code tracing through direct program interaction
Authors: Santos André L. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTA significant part of a developer's activity is spent on maintenance tasks, which might involve dealing with unfamiliar code. Especially in these cases, a maintenance task is likely to imply a considerable amount of time locating the relevant source code that needs to be changed, a problem often referred to as feature location. This paper proposes a navigation mechanism for tracing user interface elements of a running program to their representation in the source code. The mechanism realization relies on instrumenting the program in order to enable navigation from user interface elements to locations in the source code. We developed a prototype implementation of the proposed mechanism that implies an acceptable instrumentation overhead, suitable for being used on industrial‐scale programs. We performed a user study and observed that the proposed mechanism enables fast code location and that the time spent to accomplish similar tasks does not change significantly as program size increases. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A dual‐tracer study of extrastriatal 6‐[18F]fluoro‐m‐tyrosine and 6‐[18F]‐fluoro‐l‐dopa Uptake in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Li Clarence T. , Palotti Matthew , Holden James E. , Oh Jen , Okonkwo Ozioma , Christian Bradley T. , Bendlin Barbara B. , Buyan‐Dent Laura , Harding Sandra J. , Stone Charles K. , DeJesus Onofre T. , Nickles Robert J. , Gallagher Catherine L. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT6‐[18F]‐Fluoro‐l‐dopa (FDOPA) has been widely used as a biomarker for catecholamine synthesis, storage, and metabolism—its intense uptake in the striatum, and fainter uptake in other brain regions, is correlated with the symptoms and pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD). 6‐[18F]fluoro‐m‐tyrosine (FMT), which also targets l‐amino acid decarboxylase, has potential advantages over FDOPA as a radiotracer because it does not form catechol‐O‐methyltransferase (COMT) metabolites. The purpose of the present study was to compare the regional distribution of these radiotracers in the brains of PD patients. Fifteen Parkinson's patients were studied with FMT and FDOPA positron emission tomography (PET) as well as high‐resolution structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI's were automatically parcellated into neuroanatomical regions of interest (ROIs) in Freesurfer (http://surfer.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu); region‐specific uptake rate constants (Kocc) were generated from coregistered PET using a Patlak graphical approach. The essential findings were as follows: (1) regional Kocc were highly correlated between the radiotracers and in agreement with a previous FDOPA studies that used different ROI selection techniques; (2) FMT Kocc were higher in extrastriatal regions of relatively large uptake such as amygdala, pallidum, brainstem, hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, and thalamus, whereas cortical Kocc were similar between radiotracers; (3) while subcortical uptake of both radiotracers was related to disease duration and severity, cortical uptake was not. These results suggest that FMT may have advantages for examining pathologic changes within allocortical loop structures, which may contribute to cognitive and emotional symptoms of PD. Synapse 68:325–331, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Single Crystal X‐ray Structure of Zinc tert‐Butylphosphonate
Authors: Borah Suchibrata , Kalita Alok Ch. , Gogoi Nayanmoni 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe reaction of Zn(OAc)2·2H2O with tert‐butyl phosphonic acid (tBuPO3H2) yields the zinc phosphonate [Zn(tBuPO3)(H2O)]·H2O (1). X‐ray diffraction studies reveals that compound 1 has a novel layered structural arrangement with the central zinc atoms in a tetrahedral coordination environment. This observation emphasizes the crucial role played by organic substituents on the coordination chemistry of phosphonic acid with transition metal ions.
Retroconversion of Docosapentaenoic Acid (n‐6): an Alternative Pathway for Biosynthesis of Arachidonic Acid in Daphnia magna
Authors: Strandberg Ursula , Taipale Sami J. , Kainz Martin J. , Brett Michael T. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess metabolic pathways for arachidonic acid (20:4n‐6) biosynthesis in Daphnia magna. Neonates of D. magna were maintained on [13C] enriched Scenedesmus obliquus and supplemented with liposomes that contained separate treatments of unlabeled docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n‐6), 20:4n‐6, linoleic acid (18:2n‐6) or oleic acid (18:1n‐9). Daphnia in the control treatment, without any supplementary fatty acids (FA) containing only trace amounts of 20:4n‐6 (~0.3 % of all FA). As expected, the highest proportion of 20:4n‐6 (~6.3 %) was detected in Daphnia that received liposomes supplemented with this FA. Higher availability of 18:2n‐6 in the diet increased the proportion of 18:2n‐6 in Daphnia, but the proportion of 20:4n‐6 was not affected. Daphnia supplemented with 22:5n‐6 contained ~3.5 % 20:4n‐6 in the lipids and FA specific stable isotope analyses validated that the increase in the proportion of 20:4n‐6 was due to retroconversion of unlabeled 22:5n‐6. These results suggest that chain shortening of 22:5n‐6 is a more efficient pathway to synthesize 20:4n‐6 in D. magna than elongation and desaturation of 18:2n‐6. These results may at least partially explain the discrepancies noticed between phytoplankton FA composition and the expected FA composition in freshwater cladocerans. Finally, retroconversion of dietary 22:5n‐6 to 20:4n‐6 indicates Daphnia efficiently retain long chain n‐6 FA in lake food webs, which might be important for the nutritional ecology of fish.
Rail expansion devices monitored by FBG sensors on an urban railway viaduct
Authors: Li Weilai , Pang Jin , Lu Xiaoshan , Liu Jie 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensing technology was used to monitor the situation of a crevice of the continuous beam joint and rails near rail expansion devices on a viaduct of the urban railway. The monitoring items consisted of the rail temperature, rail displacement, viaduct beam displacement, and strain of sliding rail in the rail expansion device section. The strain sensor was a prefabricate FBG strain gauge, the displacement sensor with different scales used an FBG stress ring, and the FBG of the temperature sensor was pre-drawn and fixed in a metal tube. Compensation sensors were used to balance environmental temperature changes. All FBGs were suspended adhered, therefore the chirped phenomenon of the FBG reflection peak was avoided, and the measurement accuracy was improved. The monitoring results matched to the manual test and theoretical estimation.
A 5-year prospective study of predictors for functional and work disability among primary care patients with depressive disorders
Authors: Riihimäki K. , Vuorilehto M. , Isometsä E. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractObjective:To study prevalence of and predictors for functional and work disability among primary care (PC) patients with depressive disorders in prospective long-term follow-up.Methods:The Vantaa Primary Care Depression Study followed up prospectively 137 patients with depressive disorders for 5 years with a life chart. Information on level of functioning in general and in different dimensions, employment, sick leaves and disability pensions were obtained from interviews and patient records.Results:Level of functioning and work ability were strongly associated with time spent depressed and/or current severity of depression. Patients who belonged to the labour force at baseline spent one-third of the follow-up off work due to depression; two-thirds were granted sick leaves, and one-tenth a disability pension due to depression. Longer duration of depression, co-morbid disorders and having received social assistance predicted dropping out from work.Conclusion:Duration of depressive episodes appears decisive for long-term disability among PC patients with depression. Patients spent one-third of the follow-up off work due to depression, and remaining outside the labour force is a common outcome. Psychiatric and somatic co-morbidities, education and socio-economic means influence the level of functioning and ability to work, but are not equally important for all areas of life.
Leisure‐time physical activity from mid‐ to late life, body mass index, and risk of dementia
Authors: Tolppanen Anna‐Maija , Solomon Alina , Kulmala Jenni , Kåreholt Ingemar , Ngandu Tiia , Rusanen Minna , Laatikainen Tiina , Soininen Hilkka , Kivipelto Miia 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackgroundPhysical activity may be beneficial for cognition, but the effect may vary depending on personal characteristics.MethodsWe investigated the associations between leisure‐time physical activity (LTPA) from mid‐ to late life, the risk of dementia, and the role of body mass index, sex, and APOE in the CAIDE study during 28‐year follow‐up. Cognitive function of a random subsample was assessed at a mean age of 78.8 years (n = 1511), and dementia/Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnoses were identified from national registers for the entire target population (n = 3559).ResultsModerate (hazard ratio [HR], 1.46; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08–1.99) and low levels of midlife LTPA (HR, 1.39; 95% CI, 0.99–1.95) were associated with higher risk of dementia in comparison with the most active category. The benefits were more pronounced among men, overweight individuals, and APOE ε4 noncarriers. Maintaining high LTPA (HR, 0.16; 95% CI, 0.06–0.41) or increasing LTPA (HR, 0.19; 95% CI, 0.09–0.40) after midlife was associated with lower dementia risk. Similar results were observed for AD.ConclusionsThe window of opportunity for preventive physical activity interventions may extend from midlife to older ages.
Comparison of frequencies and prognostic effect of molecular subtypes between young and elderly breast cancer patients
Authors: de Kruijf Esther M. , Bastiaannet Esther , Rubertá Francesca , de Craen Anton J.M. , Kuppen Peter J.K. , Smit Vincent T.H.B.M. , van de Velde Cornelis J.H. , Liefers Gerrit Jan 
Published: April 2014

PurposeTo compare the distribution and prognostic effect of the breast cancer molecular subtypes in young and elderly breast cancer patients.Patients and methodsOur study population (n = 822) consisted of all early breast cancer patients primarily treated with surgery in our center between 1985 and 1996. A total of 142/822 fresh frozen tissues were available with good quality RNA and analyzed by gene expression microarray. Gene expression molecular subtypes were determined by correlation to the expression centroids of 534 “intrinsic” genes. Sections of a tissue micro array containing formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tumor tissue of 714/822 patients were immunohistochemically (IHC) stained for Ki67, EGFR, CK5/6. Tumor expression of ER, PR, HER2 was previously determined. IHC molecular subtypes were defined based on expression of these markers: Luminal A: ER+ and/or PR+, HER2– and Ki67–; Luminal B: ER+ and/or PR+ and ki67+; ERBB2: ER–, PR– and HER2+; Basal‐like: ER–, PR–, HER2– and EGFR+ and/or CK5/6+; Unclassified: ER–, PR–, HER2–, EGFR– and CK5/6–. IHC molecular subtypes were validated against gene expression defined molecular subtypes. Assessment of distribution and prognostic effect of molecular subtypes was stratified to age (<65 versus ≥65 years).ResultsValidation of molecular subtypes determined by IHC against gene expression revealed a substantial agreement in classification (Cohen's kappa coefficient 0.75). A statistically significant association (p = 0.02) was found between molecular subtypes and age, where Luminal tumors were more often found in elderly patients, while ERBB2, basal‐like and unclassified subtypes were more often found in young patients. Molecular subtypes showed a prognostic association with outcome in young patients concerning relapse‐free period (RFP) (p = 0.01) and relative survival (RS) (p < 0.001). No statistically significant prognostic effect was found for molecular subtypes in elderly patients (RFP p = 0.5; RS p = 0.1). Additional analyses showed that no molecular subtypes showed a statistically significant difference in outcome for elderly compare to young patients.ConclusionWe have shown that molecular subtypes have a different distribution and prognostic effect in elderly compared to young breast cancer patients, emphasizing the fact that biomarkers may have different distributions and prognostic effects and therefore different implications in elderly compared to their younger counterparts. Our results support the premise that breast cancer clinical behavior is significantly affected by patient age. We suggest that competing risks of death in elderly patients, ER‐driven differences and micro‐environmental changes in biology are underlying these age‐dependent variations in patient prognosis.