bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mabo and Museums: ‘The Indigenous (Re)Appropriation of Indigenous Things’
Authors: Pannell Sandra 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTIn this paper I extend upon the categories of appropriation identified by Beings, land and people. Using the work of Nancy Munn (1984) and Annette Weiner (1992), I argue that the relationship between objects, place, Beings and people is of a consubstantial and inalienable nature. Following on from this argument, I propose that Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander rights and interests in land or waters, as defined by the recent Native Title legislation, cannot be alienated from rights and interests in other cultural possessions. These other cultural forms includetjurunga, as well as songs, ceremonies and paintings. As this suggests, in the post‐Mabo landscape museums represent important collecting sites for indigenous people; a somewhat different identity to the former status of museums as sites of indigenous collections.
Strong Words and Forceful Winds: Religious Experience and Political Process in Melanesia
Authors: Whitehouse Harvey 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTMelanesian religious movements tend to conform to two contrasting types of regime: the one relatively centralized, hierarchical, stable, long‐lived, and nationalistic; the other fragmented, egalitarian, unstable, sporadic, and parochial. Existing theories of ‘cargo cults’, including the progressivist hypothesis which views millenarism as the natural precursor of nationalism, have failed to appreciate this fundamental divergence. It is shown that politico‐religious regimes are rooted in alternative cognitive processes, a point which is illustrated with reference to the Pomio Kivung movement of New Britain and the Taro cult of Northern Papua. One implication of this argument is that typologies of cults, based on ideological variation, are of limited sociological import, and rather that the structure and scale of cults are artefacts of distinctive styles of cognition, codification, and transmission.
The Birth and Growth of a Polynesian Women's Exchange Network
Authors: Small Cathy A. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTBased on ethnographic interviews and historical research, this article describes the birth and growth of a commoner women's exchange network in the Kingdom of Tonga during the twentieth century. The network developed during the first two decades of the century along with other late colonial institutions in Tonga that have been called ‘the compromise culture’. The exchange institution started with the inter‐island exchange of women's prestige wealth within Tonga; the network soon expanded to incorporate Fijian and Samoan women's groups, to include western commodities and cash and, in the 1980s and 1990s, to involve Tongan migrants who are resident overseas.The detailed history of the women's exchange network over eight decades recounts an important slice of commoner women's life stories and memories. At the same time, as an account of a compromise institution, the history of the exchange network offers a window on the process of change in the twentieth century. It demonstrates the deeply conservative nature of seemingly radical institutional changes in Tonga, the increasing difficulties over time in trying to isolate ‘western’; and ‘traditional’; forces, and the profound transformations of Tongan life now underway.
Maori Socio‐Political Organization in Pre‐ and Proto‐History
Authors: van Meijl Toon 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTAt present it is widely assumed that the socio‐political organisation of Maori society is made up of four structural levels: the ‘extended family’, the ‘sub‐tribe’, the ‘tribe’ and the ‘super‐tribe’, each of which, in turn, corresponds with a certain type of Maori leader. It is rarely realised that a consensus about this framework for understanding Maori socio‐political organisation did not emerge until the 1930s, approximately 150 years after colonial contact had begun. This raises the question to what extent the standard model of Maori socio‐political organisation is based on the same a‐historic and objectivist assumptions that were held around the turn of the century when it was developed. The extent to which these assumptions may have influenced the ethnohistorical and ethnographic analysis of Maori society in past and present also requires examination. It is argued that an essentialist model of Maori tribal organisation hampers the understanding of the dynamics of socio‐political practices in Maori society.
Hierarchical Opposition
Authors: Hage Per , Harary Frank , Milicic Bojka 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this paper is to give a simple, clear and precise graph theoretic characterization of Dumont's controversial and ambiguous concept of hierarchical opposition. The analysis has special importance for Austronesianists who have independently discovered and applied the concept of hierarchical opposition on several different occasions.
Anthropology and Aboriginal Tradition: The Hindmarsh Island Bridge Affair and the Politics of Interpretation
Authors: Tonkinson Robert 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTEvents that have become popularly known as ‘the Hindmarsh affair’ arose from conflict over a bridge development, and refer to an Aboriginal heritage issue that has had a significant impact on Australian society.1 The attendant controversy and dissension have ramified widely, beyond matters of Aboriginal heritage and its relationship to development, to include the status and role of anthropological research and reporting, past and present. A brief chronology of developments both prior to and following the Hindmarsh Island Bridge Royal Commission (1995) is provided here as a backdrop for discussion of these matters. Other salient issues also examined include: the nature of culture in relation to the complexities of ‘tradition’ and the effects of change; the structural correlates of secrets; the politics of interpretation; and the legitimacy of innovative processes in Aboriginal cultural construction and representation. In conclusion, some implications of the Hindmarsh affair for the anthropology profession are considered.
‘Part of Our Own Story’1: Representations of Indigenous Australians and Papua New Guineans within Australia Remembers 1945–1995 — the Continuing Desire for a Homogeneous National Identity
Authors: Reed Liz 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThroughout 1995 the Australia Remembers 1945–1995 programme sought to commemorate and celebrate Australia's involvement in the Second World War in ways which included all Australians and reflected the continuing potency of the Anzac legend. Indigenous Australians and Papua New Guineans were included in what became, essentially, an exercise in imagining a national past. Their inclusion in the national memory fostered by Australia Remembers 1945–1995 revealed ways in which Indigenous Australians' presence within the nation remains contested. Within Australia Remembers‘ commemorations of Pacific Islanders, Papua New Guineans remained constructed as ‘the other’, in ways which remained in essence colonialist.
Foundations of Urbanisation: Port Vila Town and Pango Village, Vanuatu
Authors: Rawlings Gregory E. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTUrbanisation in contemporary Melanesia must be understood by examining not only rural to urban migration, but also the ways in which communities adjacent to town have appropriated and participated in urban living. This paper considers the engagement between the village of Pango and the town of Port Vila. This relationship can be understood by mapping the history of Pango prior to the development of Port Vila, and through its subsequent history. This paper considers natural disasters, revolution, migration, depopulation, education wage employment, colonial administration and post‐Independence transformations, and the way they are interpreted, remembered and expressed. Pango's status as a peri‐urban village affects the way Pangoans invoke the past and interpret the present.
The Risks and Uncertainties of Migration: an Exploration of Recent Trends amongst the Wosera Abelam of Papua New Guinea
Authors: Curry George , Koczberski Gina 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThis paper reports on ongoing research on migration and circulation between the Wosera sub‐district, East Sepik Province, Papua New Guinea, and the island province of West New Britain. We examine the pressures contributing to increased family migration and longer‐term, possibly permanent, migration from the Wosera. While rising resource/population pressure and stricter forms of land tenure arrangements are altering patterns of out‐migration, the situation for long‐term and temporary migrants in West New Britain is becoming less certain as land shortages begin to limit opportunities for further settlement and indigenous landowners become less tolerant of migrants from other provinces. We discuss these influences on migration patterns within the context of emerging social stratification of Wosera society, and consider the implications for both migrants and non‐migrants.
Waiting for the Day: Globalisation and Apocalypticism in Central New Ireland, Papua New Guinea
Authors: Eves Richard 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThrough an exploration of some of the negotiations occurring in the cultural sphere of religion, I problematise the term globalisation, challenge some of the assumptions that have been made about it, and argue that, in a particular sense, it has become a two‐way process. Taking the case of the experience of the 1997–98 drought on the Lelet Plateau in central New Ireland, I examine the manner in which the concepts and beliefs of premillennialist Pentecostal Christianity engage with the local. What is new is that these discourses about the end of the world have brought the global horizon into prominence in a way that the previous more orthodox Christianity did not, so that local events take on signficances they did not have in the past. This is not a simple matter of the new powerful framework irresistibly overwhelming local knowledge, but involves careful scrutiny of both, and negotiation between them. The result is not that the local is swamped, but that the globe becomes an horizon which frames local experiences in particular ways.
‘We wouldn't be dead for quids’: Hansonism, Fascism, Death and Difference
Authors: Lattas Judy 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThere are a number of ways in which the Australian political movement led by Pauline Hanson can be implicated in the totalitarian episodes of the twentieth century. But there are also significant differences between what Hansonism presents us with in Australia and what totalitarianism has presented us with in Europe, in the fascist and Stalinist regimes with which totalitarianism is associated. The suggestion in this paper is that totalitarianism can be understood in schematic terms as a mutation of the symbolic order through which differences have been arranged and evaluated in Western thought since the time of the ancient Greek philosophers. Specifically, it belongs with the history of the binary opposition. Its mutation is that it attempts to realize — that is, to accomplish in reality — the fiction of the binary structure, which is its claim to comprehend or to be able to totalize and exhaust the space over which its positive and negative terms must govern. In a contemplation of death and difference, the question is considered here of what is to be gained for thought in characterizing Hansonism as a neo‐fascist phenomenon.
Timeline History and the Anzac Myth: Settler Narratives of Local History in a North Australian Town
Authors: Furniss Elizabeth 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThis paper explores rural Australian settler historical narratives through an examination of the landscape of public history in the northwestern Queensland city of Mount Isa. In various sites of public history, including the city's 75th anniversary festivities, tourism sites, and popular historical literature, certain narrative themes are predominant. Themes of ‘discoverers’, ‘firsts’, and ‘pioneers’ coalesce into a ‘timeline’ approach to history, in which the past is ordered sequentially in a linear pattern of development and progress. Aboriginal people are incorporated into linear histories in various ways, notably through the concept of ‘the last of the tribe’, which separates an aboriginal past from a European, colonial present and presumes colonial authority to be effectively established. Aboriginal people, particularly the Kalkadoon, are also incorporated within a second narrative tradition, the Anzac legend, for their heroic, desperate and failed battle in 1884 against European invaders. Aboriginal leaders in Mount Isa use these settler narrative traditions to advance native title claims and to create a respected public space for Aboriginal people in the city. In short, settler historical narratives, while being conservative in language, are continually being reshaped and metaphorically extended to new contexts, and are mobilized for both conservative and critical political agendas..
New Boundaries of Influence in Highland Papua: ‘Culture’, Mining and Ritual Conversions
Authors: Hirsch Eric 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThis article considers the new boundaries of influence among Fuyuge speakers in the Udabe Valley (Central Province, Papua New Guinea [PNG]). These new boundaries have arisen through the conjunction of epochal shifts implicating the PNG State, and local forms of ritual. On the one hand the PNG State's particular advocacy of widespread resource extraction is coupled with its need to comply to signed agreements of international bodies such as the World Trade Organization. Both have consequences for the way boundaries are newly conceived with respect to the ‘land’ (‘landowners’) and with respect to ‘culture’ (‘cultural property’). On the other hand, peoples such as the Fuyuge create and recreate local boundaries of influence through the performance of ritual conversions ‐ as regards persons, place names, or collective names. At the same time a local Fuyuge perspective on ‘culture’ suggests that its boundaries be delineated, analogous to the definitions of boundaries for ‘landowners’ compelled by mining operations. The article highlights connections between these local changes and the current concerns of PNG academic scholars to mandate the protection of localised PNG cultural property, an outgrowth of current epochal alterations.
Review
Authors: Beckett Jeremy 
Published: February 2015

Eseli's Notebook. By Peter Eseli. Translated from Kala Lagaw Ya into English, edited and annotated by Anna Shnukal and Rod Mitchell, with Yuriko Nagata.St Lucia: University of Queensland Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies Unit Research Report Series, volume 3 1998. Pp viii + 203. Price $30.00; $35.00 overseas.
Current Realities, Idealised Pasts: Archaeology, Values and Indigenous Heritage Management in Central Australia
Authors: Thorley Peter 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThis paper addresses the inter‐cultural meanings and assumptions which have arisen in the interpretation of heritage and its conservation in central Australia. Conflicting views of heritage conservation are grounded in particular constructions of the past which are adapted and redefined in relation to the present. In central Australia, Indigenous notions of time and property have stressed the symbolic value of objects in terms of the Dreaming and their active role in exchange. The definition of objects as personal effects and their enhancement of social values through exchange have been at odds with archaeological understandings of the same objects as artefacts and attempts to conserve them as items of heritage significance. Specific examples discussed include the use of artefacts in economic exchanges, interpretation of archaeological sequences, and the application of concepts of significance through land rights and heritage legislation.
A Frightened Hunting Ground: Epic Emotions and Landholding in the Western Reaches of Australia's Top End
Authors: Sansom Basil 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTA general theory of epic emotions is proposed. After providing terms to frame discussion, the author considers Aboriginal discourses of landed association to yield an account of the significance accorded to emotions by Aborigines during events that are attendant on situations of ultimate reference. The necessary association of specified emotions with culturally defined situations of ultimate reference is held to be a defining quality of emotions of the epic kind. In the Aboriginal case, the cultural register of emotions is brief to the point that recognised emotions are all epic emotions. Such emphasis on elemental forms has implications for the study of the development of social institutions. It is suggested that, world‐wide, the words for inner states proliferate only when two conditions are fulfilled. The two loosely related variables are: (i) increments in social scale and (ii) the invention of ontologies of the divided self.
Negotiating Materiality: International and Local Museum Practices at the Vanuatu Cultural Centre and National Museum
Authors: Geismar Haidy , Tilley Christopher 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we examine the idiosyncratic ways in which the Vanuatu Cultural Centre has incorporated global museum technologies into highly localised systems of object management. The convergence of understandings of subject‐object relations, and indeed of materiality, highlights the effects of museum practices of objectification on local practice as well as the effects of local agenda on museum practice. In constructing a holistic analysis of the current work of the Vanuatu Cultural Centre, we examine practices of display and exhibition in the context of the archive and storeroom, and grass‐roots research; moving away from the emphasis on visuality and exhibition found in many museum studies, to an approach that locates display as but one form of objectification within wider social practice. We challenge some analytic models that view Melanesia and Euro‐America as zones that organise subject‐object relations dichotomously, highlighting instead the mutual contingency of relationships between persons and things between cultural contexts and the effects of the international exchanges of museum practice on the development of these relations.
‘The Kite is Tied to You’: Custom, Christianity, and Organization among Kanak Women of Drueulu, Lifou, New Caledonia
Authors: Paini Anna 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThis paper explores Drueulu women's engagement in an organized collectivity during the late 1980s and early 1990s. I focus particularly on the Drueulu Women's Group, a group affiliated to the umbrella Catholic organization, mouvement féminin vers un Souriant Village Mélanésien (mfSVM), to illustrate how these women mobilized cultural elements, including customary bonds, religious affiliation, and maternal relations, to assert their agency and empowerment. To move beyond a given and unchanging representation of Lifouan men and women means bringing to the fore multiple changing identities which are negotiated in different times and places. This does not mean privileging localism over national commonalities. By examining a 1990 protest march against alcohol abuse by men, I attest to the various articulations of women's concerns, customary linkages, and denominational affiliation which informed women's agenda at the village level. I then consider how these configurations were articulated in the 1992 annual general assembly of the mfSVM when 200 women gathered in Drueulu from all over the country for the twentieth anniversary of the movement. In the wider social settings here examined, the ubiquitous metaphorical use of maternal tropes gained strategic efficacy.
A Critique of Alfred Gell on Art and Agency
Authors: Bowden Ross 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThis review article examines in detail the argument in Alfred Gell's posthumously published book Art and Agency: an anthropological theory. The review is divided into two parts. In the first I summarise the main argument of each chapter in turn and comment on some of the author's more questionable assumptions and conclusions. In the second I step back from the individual chapters and comment on three of the more general issues the book raises.
East Papuan Kinship Systems: Bougainville
Authors: Hage Per 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTContrary to common belief, there are reliable reports of Dravidian‐type kinship systems with prescriptive terms, Dravidian crossness and cross‐cousin marriage in Papuan‐speaking societies in Melanesia. This paper compares four Dravidian systems from South Bougainville in the Solomon Islands. The Proto‐South Bougainville kinship system was Dravidian‐Kariera in type. It dates, uncertainly, to sometime before the Austronesian expansion into Melanesia around 1500 BC and sometime near or after the settlement of East Papua 30,000 to 40,000 years ago. Dravidian kinship systems may have been common in East Papua surviving in Bougainville because of the island's relative size and isolation.
Viti, the Soil from Eden: On Historical Praxis as a Mode of Connecting in Kadavu
Authors: Dickhardt Michael 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTLooking at Fijian Methodism and its role in discourses on identity in Fiji leads to the question of the relationship between Christianity and the vanua, the complex notion of land so crucial for ethnic Fijians' traditionalistic identity constructions. How is it possible to retain important dimensions of the vanua within a Christian worldview? An attempt to understand this relationship using the example of a Fijian meke makes clear that specific ways of constructing the past are crucial here. A concept of history as a symbolic form renders these ways of constructing the past understandable as historical — and it is exactly this historical character which opens the possibility of establishing a relationship to the Christian God while retaining essential dimensions of the vanua, a possibility which can provide one experiential background for the plausibility of an ethnic interpretation of Christianity.
A novel biointerface that suppresses cell morphological changes by scavenging excess reactive oxygen species
Authors: Ikeda Yutaka , Yoshinari Tomoki , Nagasaki Yukio 
Published: February 2015

AbstractDuring cell cultivation on conventional culture dishes, various events results in strong stresses that lead to the production of bioactive species such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide. These reactive species cause variable damage to cells and stimulate cellular responses. Here, we report the design of a novel biocompatible surface that decreases stress by not only morphologically modifying the dish surface by using poly(ethylene glycol) tethered chains, but also actively scavenging oxidative stress by using our novel nitroxide radical‐containing polymer. A block copolymer, poly(ethylene glycol)‐b‐poly[(2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐N‐oxyl)aminomethylstyrene] (PEG‐b‐PMNT) was used to coat the surface of a dish. Differentiation of undifferentiated human leukemia (HL‐60) cells was found to be suppressed on the polymer‐coated dish. Notably, HL‐60 cell cultivation caused apoptosis under high‐density conditions, while spontaneous apoptosis was suppressed in cells plated on the PEG‐b‐PMNT‐modified surface, because a healthy mitochondrial membrane potential was maintained. In contrast, low molecular weight antioxidants did not have apparent effects on the maintenance of mitochondria. We attribute this to the lack of cellular internalization of our immobilized polymer and selective scavenging of excessive ROS generated outside of cells. These results demonstrate the utility of our novel biocompatible material for actively scavenging ROS and thus maintaining cellular morphology. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 2815–2822, 2015.