bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antibiotic Diversity Index: A novel metric to assess antibiotic variation among hospitalized children
Authors: Markham Jessica L. , Hall Matt , Shah Samir S. , Burns Alaina , Goldman Jennifer L. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundDespite nationally endorsed treatment guidelines and stewardship programs, variation and deviation from evidence‐based antibiotic prescribing occur, contributing to inappropriate use and medication‐related adverse events. Measures of antibiotic prescribing variability can aid in quantifying this problem but are not adequate.ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to develop a standardized metric to quantify antibiotic prescribing variability (diversity) within and across children's hospitals, and to examine its association with outcomes.MethodsWe performed a cross‐sectional study of empiric antibiotic exposure among children hospitalized during 2017–2019 with one of 15 common pediatric infections using the Pediatric Health Information System database. Encounters for children with complex chronic conditions, transfers in, and birth hospitalizations were excluded. Using the Shannon–Weiner entropy index, we quantified antibiotic diversity for each infection type using the d‐measure of diversity. Generalized linear mixed‐effects models were used to examine the association between hospital‐level antibiotic diversity and risk‐adjusted length of stay and costs.ResultsA total of 79,515 hospitalizations for common pediatric infections were included. Antibiotic diversity varied within and across hospitals. Infections with low mean antibiotic diversity included appendicitis (mean diversity [mDiv] = 4.9, SD = 2.5) and deep neck space infections (mDiv = 5.9, SD = 1.9). Infections with high mean antibiotic diversity included pneumonia (mDiv = 23.4, SD = 5.6) and septicemia/bacteremia (mDiv = 28.5, SD = 12.1). There was no statistically significant association between hospital‐level antibiotic diversity and risk‐adjusted LOS or costs.ConclusionsWe developed and applied a novel metric to quantify diversity in antibiotic prescribing that permits comparisons across hospitals and can be leveraged to identify high‐priority areas for local and national stewardship interventions.
Influence of steaming duration, chlorophyll‐a and ‐b content and ratio, and pH on the color of green tea processed from multiple tea (Camellia sinensisL.) cultivars
Authors: Hirono Hisako , Yamashita Shuya , Hirono Yuhei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe color of green tea is an important quality indicator. In recent years, shading of tea (Camellia sinensis L.) plants has been widely adopted for green tea production to enhance its green color and umami taste. In this study, we identified factors that influence green tea color by (i) examining variation in the chlorophyll content of fresh new tea shoots among cultivars, cropping seasons, and the degree of shading, (ii) investigating the rate of conversion of chlorophyll to pheophytin during the tea manufacturing process, specifically with steaming duration, and (iii) analyzing the effects of the new tea shoot properties and the steaming process on colorimetric values of the steamed new tea shoots.RESULTSMultiple regression analysis revealed that three factors contributed to the rate of conversion of each chlorophyll type to pheophytin in steamed new tea shoots (ranked by importance): steaming duration > each chlorophyll type (chlorophyll‐a and chlorophyll‐b) content of fresh new tea shoots > pH. The colorimetric hue angle (h) value of steamed new tea shoots was influenced by four factors (ranked by importance): steaming duration > total chlorophyll (chlorophyll‐a + chlorophyll‐b) content in fresh new tea shoots > pH > chlorophyll‐a/chlorophyll‐b ratio in fresh new tea shoots.CONCLUSIONDifferences in the color of new tea shoots can be explained by the aforementioned four factors. The findings will be useful for cultivar selection, and determining the appropriate degree of shading and steaming duration, to produce high‐quality green teas with a good appearance. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Self‐assembled α‐lactalbumin nanostructures: encapsulation and controlled release of bioactive molecules in gastrointestinal in vitro model
Authors: de Oliveira Bianchi Jhonatan Rafael , Fabrino Daniela Leite , Quintão Cristiane Medina Finzi , dos Reis Coimbra Jane Selia , Santos Igor José Boggione 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDImplementing encapsulation techniques is pivotal in safeguarding bioactive molecules against environmental conditions for drug delivery systems. Moreover, the food‐grade nanocarrier is a delivery system and food ingredient crucial in creating nutraceutical foods. Nano α‐lactalbumin has been shown to be a promissory nanocarrier for hydrophobic molecules. Furthermore, the nanoprotein can enhance the tecno‐functional properties of food such as foam and emulsion. The present study investigated the nanostructured α‐lactalbumin protein (nano α‐la) as a delivery and controlled release system for bioactive molecules in a gastric‐intestinal in vitro mimic system.RESULTSThe nano α‐la was synthesized by a low self‐assembly technique, changing the solution ionic strength by NaCl and obtaining nano α‐la 191.10 ± 21.33 nm and a spherical shape. The nano α‐la showed higher encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity for quercetin than riboflavin, a potential carrier for hydrophobic compounds. Thermal analysis of nano α‐la resulted in a ΔH of −1480 J g−1 for denaturation at 57.44 °C. The nanostructure formed by self‐assembly modifies the foam volume increment and stability. Also, differences between nano and native proteins in emulsion activity and stability were noticed. The release profile in vitro showed that the nano α‐la could not hold the molecules in gastric fluid. The Weibull and Korsmeyer‐Peppas model better fits the release profile behavior in the studied fluids.CONCLUSIONThe present study shows the possibility of nano α‐la as an alternative to molecule delivery systems and nutraceutical foods' formulation because of the high capacity to encapsulate hydrophobic molecules and the improvement of techno‐functional properties. However, the nanocarrier is not perfectly suitable for the sustainable delivery of molecules in the gastrointestinal fluid, demanding improvements in the nanocarrier. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
The potential effect of romosozumab on perioperative management for instrumentation surgery
Authors: Ishikawa Koji , Tani Soji , Toyone Tomoaki , Tsuchiya Koki , Towatari Tomoko , Oshita Yusuke , Yamamura Ryo , Wada Kazuki , Nagai Takashi , Shirahata Toshiyuki , Inagaki Katsunori , Yoshifumi Kudo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundAge‐related changes in bone health increase the risk for complications in elderly patients undergoing orthopedic surgery. Osteoporosis is a key therapeutic target that needs to be addressed to ensure successful instrumentation surgery. The effectiveness of pharmacological interventions in orthopedic surgery, particularly the new drug romosozumab, is still unknown. We aim to evaluate the effect of 3‐month romosozumab treatment on biomechanical parameters related to spinal instrumentation surgery, using the Quantitative Computed Tomography (QCT)‐based Finite Element Method (FEM).MethodsThis open‐labeled, prospective study included 81 patients aged 60 to 90 years, who met the osteoporosis criteria and were scheduled for either romosozumab or eldecalcitol treatment. Patients were assessed using blood samples, dual‐energy absorptiometry (DXA), and QCT. Biomechanical parameters were evaluated using FEM at baseline and 3 months post‐treatment. The primary endpoints were biomechanical parameters at 3 months, while secondary endpoints included changes in regional volumetric bone mineral density around the pedicle (P‐vBMD) and vertebral body (V‐vBMD).ResultsRomosozumab treatment led to significant gains in P‐vBMD, and V‐vBMD compared to eldecalcitol at 3 months. Notably, the romosozumab group showed greater improvements in all biomechanical parameters estimated by FEM at 3 months compared to the eldecalcitol group.ConclusionRomosozumab significantly increased the regional vBMD as well as biomechanical parameters, potentially offering clinical benefits in reducing post‐operative complications in patients with osteoporosis undergoing orthopedic instrumentation surgery. This study highlights the novel advantages of romosozumab treatment and advocates further research on its effectiveness in perioperative management.
Exploring the decision model for tourism symbiosis of ancient villages and towns based on tourist reviews: A case study of Huaihua City in China
Authors: Xu Chunxiao , Meng Yuanyuan , Wang Jing , Zhou Xuelian , Peng Danni 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTo ensure the sustainable development of regional tourism, it is essential to differentiate between adjacent tourist attractions in a state of homogeneous competition. This study proposes a decision model for the tourism symbiosis of ancient villages and towns (AVTs) using tourist reviews. Their co‐occurrence and individual characteristics were extracted through content analysis, and a probabilistic linguistic CODAS method with a newly defined distance was employed for sentiment analysis. Four clustered AVTs located in Huaihua City, China, were selected to validate the decision model. The results indicate that a long history and culture, ethnic customs, and a serene atmosphere comprise co‐occurrence characteristics, while material landscape, spiritual culture, emotional cognition, and tourism services comprise individual characteristics. The corresponding tourism symbiotic development schemes, including cultural construction, life experience, and pastoral entertainment, are proposed based on the advantages and potentials perceived by tourists. The decision model could contribute to sustainable development of rural areas.
The impact of cultural heritage listing on regional tourism development in China
Authors: Tan Na , Anwar Sajid , Jiang Wanxing 
Published: August 2024

AbstractExisting studies have shown that intangible cultural heritage (ICH) listing system promotes the development of the tourism economy. However, it remains unclear which regions benefit most from ICH listing due to inherent differences in ICH resource endowments across regions. We address this issue by examining the impact of ICH listing on regional tourism development using China's prefecture‐level panel data from 2000 to 2019. By employing a two‐stage least squares methodology, we address the endogeneity issue and identify which regions derive the greatest benefits from ICH listing. Our findings reveal that regions with higher cultural diversity have more ICH resources and benefit more from ICH listings, resulting in positive effects on domestic and international tourism. Additionally, tangible cultural resources further amplify this relationship. These results underscore the importance of ICH protection and provide valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders seeking to leverage local ICH resources for regional tourism development.
Cell‐free biomimetic osteochondral scaffold for the treatment of knee articular surface lesions: Clinical outcomes differ based on patient and lesion characteristics
Authors: De Marziani Luca , Boffa Angelo , Andriolo Luca , Di Martino Alessandro , Romandini Iacopo , Solaro Luca , Zaffagnini Stefano , Filardo Giuseppe 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPurposeA cell‐free biomimetic osteochondral scaffold was developed to treat cartilage knee lesions, with positive clinical results documented in small case series. However, clear evidence on patient and lesion characteristics that might affect the outcome is still lacking. The aim of this study is to analyse a large cohort of patients treated with this scaffold to investigate factors that could influence the clinical outcome.MethodsTwo hundred and three patients (mean age 30.7 ± 10.9 years) treated with this scaffold were prospectively evaluated at baseline, 6‐, 12‐ and 24‐month follow‐up. The clinical outcome was analysed using the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, and the activity level was assessed with the Tegner score. The influence of patient and lesion characteristics on clinical outcomes was analysed.ResultsMild and severe adverse reactions were found in 39.0% and 1.5% of patients, respectively. The failure rate was 2.0%, increasing to 12.3% when including also clinical failures. The IKDC subjective score increased from 43.3 ± 15.9 to 61.0 ± 16.2 at 6 months, 68.3 ± 18.5 at 12 months and 73.8 ± 18.3 at 24 months (p < 0.0005). The Tegner improved from 2.5 ± 1.7 to 4.2 ± 1.7 at 24 months (p < 0.0005), without reaching the pre‐injury level (6.0 ± 2.2) (p < 0.0005). The IKDC objective score changed from 68.5% normal and nearly normal knees before the treatment to 90.1% at 24 months. At 24 months, age showed a correlation with the IKDC subjective score (ρ = −0.247; p < 0.0005), women had a lower score (p < 0.0005), as well as patients with patellar lesions (p = 0.002). Previous surgery correlated with lower results (p = 0.003), while better results were found in osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) compared to degenerative lesions (p = 0.001).ConclusionThis cell‐free biomimetic scaffold is a safe and effective treatment for cartilage knee lesions, offering positive clinical results at 2 years with a low failure rate. Better outcomes were observed in younger patients, in lesions of the femoral condyles and in OCD, while joints affected by patellar lesions, patients who underwent previous knee surgery, and women may expect lower results.Level of EvidenceLevel III, cohort study.
Atmospheric Cold Plasma Pretreatment on Germination of Guar Bean Seeds: Effect on Germination Parameters, Bioactive Compounds, Antinutritional Factors, Functional Groups, and In Vitro Protein Digestibility
Authors: Kheto Ankan , Behera Ashish , Manikpuri Sakshi , Sehrawat Rachna , Gul Khalid , Kumar Lokesh 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTIn this study, atmospheric cold plasma (CP; voltage: 15–25 kV and time: 30–120 s) was applied to guar bean seeds (GBS) and then germinated for 5 days to understand the germination ability based on the germination parameters and chlorophyll content. After that, carbohydrate, protein, bioactive compounds, antinutritional factors, and in vitro protein digestibility of germinated GBS were analyzed. The results showed that CP treatment has significantly (p < 0.05) affected the germination parameters, majorly germination percentage, root length, and chlorophyll content of GBS. The CP‐pretreated (20 kV for 90 s) germinated samples (on the fifth day) had maximum germination ability and less antinutritional factors. Similarly, the CP‐pretreated germinated samples (15 and 20 kV for 90 s) showed higher in vitro protein digestibility and bioactive compounds than others. Unfortunately, higher applied voltage and duration negatively affected the germination process. From principal component analysis, medium‐intensity CP treatment conditions were more effective in accelerating the germination process of GBS.
3D Printed PLA Porous Scaffolds with Engineered Cell Size and Porosity Promote the Effectiveness of the Kelvin Model for Bone Tissue Engineering
Authors: Barzgar Torghabeh Arman , Barzgar Torghabeh Iman , Kafaee Razavi Morteza 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this study, the aim is to investigate the effect of engineering the cell size and porosity of 3D‐printed poly lactic acid (PLA) porous scaffolds from the Kelvin model for bone tissue engineering applications. The Kelvin model is used as a bone tissue scaffold with different cell sizes and porosities. PLA, as a biodegradable and biocompatible polymer, is used to fabricate these scaffolds using the FDM technique. A compression test is used to evaluate the mechanical properties of scaffolds. The MTT assay has been used to investigate cell viability. For osteogenic differentiation studies, ALP activity and ARS assays are used. Increasing the porosity reduces the mechanical properties of the scaffold. While increasing the cell size at constant porosity increases the Young's modulus and yield stress in the samples, it is also observed that, in high porosities, the increase in cell size weakens the mechanical properties. Also, Kelvin model scaffolds help the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of cells and have no toxic effect. It is demonstrated that this approach promotes the effectiveness of the Kelvin architecture for bone tissue engineering. As a result, designing the most suitable model based on cell size and porosity for the treatment process in the targeted area could be promising.
2D Atomic‐Molecular Heterojunctions toward Brainoid Applications
Authors: Shu Fan , Chen Weilin , Chen Yu , Liu Gang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBrainoid computing using 2D atomic crystals and their heterostructures, by emulating the human brain's remarkable efficiency and minimal energy consumption in information processing, poses a formidable solution to the energy‐efficiency and processing speed constraints inherent in the von Neumann architecture. However, conventional 2D material based heterostructures employed in brainoid devices are beset with limitations, performance uniformity, fabrication intricacies, and weak interfacial adhesion, which restrain their broader application. The introduction of novel 2D atomic‐molecular heterojunctions (2DAMH), achieved through covalent functionalization of 2D materials with functional molecules, ushers in a new era for brain‐like devices by providing both stability and tunability of functionalities. This review chiefly delves into the electronic attributes of 2DAMH derived from the synergy of polymer materials with 2D materials, emphasizing the most recent advancements in their utilization within memristive devices, particularly their potential in replicating the functionality of biological synapses. Despite ongoing challenges pertaining to precision in modification, scalability in production, and the refinement of underlying theories, the proliferation of innovative research is actively pursuing solutions. These endeavors illuminate the vast potential for incorporating 2DAMH within brain‐inspired intelligent systems, highlighting the prospect of achieving a more efficient and energy‐conserving computing paradigm.
On the multi‐parameters identification of concrete dams: A novel stochastic inverse approach
Authors: Lin Chaoning , Du Xiaohu , Chen Siyu , Li Tongchun , Zhou Xinbo , van Gelder P. H. A. J. M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper introduces a novel stochastic inverse method that utilizes perturbation theory and advanced intelligence techniques to solve the multi‐parameter identification problem of concrete dams using displacement field monitoring data. The proposed method considers the uncertainties associated with the dam displacement monitoring data, which are comprised of two distinct sources: the first is related to stochastic mechanical properties of the dam, and the second is due to observation errors. The displacements at different measuring points generated by dam mechanical properties exhibit spatial correlation, while the observation errors at different points can be considered statistically random. In this context, the inversion formulas are derived for unknown stochastic parameters of the dam by combining perturbation equations and Taylor expansion methods. An improved meta‐heuristic optimization method is employed to identify the mean of stochastic parameters, while mathematical and statistical methods are used to determine the variance of stochastic parameters. The feasibility of the proposed method is verified through numerical examples of a typical dam section under different conditions. Additionally, the paper discusses and demonstrates the applicability of this method in a practical dam project. Results indicate that this method can effectively capture the uncertainty of dam's mechanical properties and separates them from observation errors.
One‐dimensional consolidation analysis of layered soil with exponential flow under continuous drainage boundary
Authors: Zhang Yi , Wang Jia , Zong Mengfan , Wu Wenbing , Cai Siyu , Zong Zhongling , Mei Guoxiong , Wang Chenming 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTo comprehensively consider the influence of boundary conditions, non‐Darcy flow, load forms, and soil stratification on soil consolidation, a one‐dimensional soil consolidation equation is established. By subdividing the soil layer and employing time discretization, the nonlinear consolidation equation is linearized, resulting in an analytical solution for layered soil foundation at any given time. Subsequently, an iterative approach for time solution is employed to obtain a semi‐analytical solution. The correctness of the solution is verified by comparison with solutions based on Darcy's flow and the semi‐analytical method under traditional drainage boundary conditions. Subsequently, the influence of interface parameters, loading conditions, flow index, and other factors on consolidation characteristics is analyzed. The results indicate that higher interface parameter values for continuous drainage boundaries correspond to faster average consolidation rates for stratified soil foundations, while these parameters have little effect on the time required for complete consolidation of the soil layers. Improved boundary drainage performance amplifies the influence of exponential flow on pore water pressure and average consolidation degree. Conversely, poor boundary drainage performance diminishes the impact of exponential flow on soil consolidation, rendering it negligible. Moreover, faster loading rates accentuate the influence of the flow index on the average consolidation degree defined by pore pressure.
Diffusion model based on generalized map for accelerated MRI
Authors: Xiao Zengwei , Lu Yujuan , He Binzhong , Tan Pinhuang , Wang Shanshan , Xu Xiaoling , Liu Qiegen 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn recent years, diffusion models have made significant progress in accelerating magnetic resonance imaging. Nevertheless, it still has inherent limitations, such as prolonged iteration times and sluggish convergence rates. In this work, we present a novel generalized map generation model based on mean‐reverting SDE, called GM‐SDE, to alleviate these shortcomings. Notably, the core idea of GM‐SDE is optimizing the initial values of the iterative algorithm. Specifically, the training process of GM‐SDE diffuses the original k‐space data to an intermediary degraded state with fixed Gaussian noise, while the reconstruction process generates the data by reversing this process. Based on the generalized map, three variants of GM‐SDE are proposed to learn k‐space data with different structural characteristics to improve the effectiveness of model training. GM‐SDE also exhibits flexibility, as it can be integrated with traditional constraints, thereby further enhancing its overall performance. Experimental results showed that the proposed method can reduce reconstruction time and deliver excellent image reconstruction capabilities compared to the complete diffusion‐based method.