bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional morphology of the pharyngeal teeth of the ocean sunfish, Mola mola
Authors: Flaum Benjamin , Blumer Michael J. , Dean Mason N. , Ekstrom Laura J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMany fish use a set of pharyngeal jaws in their throat to aid in prey capture and processing, particularly of large or complex prey. In this study—combining dissection, CT scanning, histology, and performance testing—we demonstrate a novel use of pharyngeal teeth in the ocean sunfish (Mola mola), a species for which pharyngeal jaw anatomy had not been described. We show that sunfish possesses only dorsal pharyngeal jaws where, in contrast to their beaklike oral teeth, teeth are recurved spikes, arranged in three loosely connected rows. Fang‐like pharyngeal teeth were tightly socketed in the skeletal tissue, with shorter, incompletely‐formed teeth erupting between, suggesting tooth replacement. Trichrome staining revealed teeth anchored into their sockets via a combination of collagen bundles originating from the jaw connective tissue and mineralized trabeculae extending from the teeth bases. In resting position, teeth are nearly covered by soft tissue; however, manipulation of a straplike muscle, running transversely on the dorsal jaw face, everted teeth like a cat's claws. Adult sunfish suction feed almost exclusively on gelatinous prey (e.g., jellyfish) and have been observed to jet water during feeding and other activities; flume experiments simulating jetting behavior demonstrated adult teeth caught simulated gelatinous prey with 70%–100% success, with the teeth immobile in their sockets, even at 50x the jetting force, demonstrating high safety factor. We propose that sunfish pharyngeal teeth function as an efficient retention cage for mechanically challenging prey, a curious evolutionary convergence with the throat spikes of divergent taxa that employ spitting and jetting.
A review on green synthesis, biological applications of carbon dots in the field of drug delivery, biosensors, and bioimaging
Authors: Chopra Arshdeep , Kumari Yogindra , Singh Ajay Pal , Sharma Yash 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSince the beginning of nanoscience and nanotechnology, carbon dots (CDs) have been the foundational idea and have dominated the growth of the nano‐field. CDs are an intriguing platform for utilization in biology, technology, catalysis, and other fields thanks to their numerous distinctive structural, physicochemical, and photochemical characteristics. Since several carbon dots have already been created, they have been assessed based on their synthesis process, and luminescence characteristics. Due to their biocompatibility, less toxic effects, and most significantly their fluorescent features in contrast to other carbon nanostructures, CDs have several benefits. This review focuses on the most recent advancements in the characterization, applications, and synthesis techniques used for CDs made from natural sources. It will also direct scientists in the creation of a synthesis technique for adjustable carbon dots that is more practical, effective, and environmentally benign. With low toxicity and low cost, CDs are meeting the new era's requirements for more selectivity and sensitivity in the detection and sensing of various things, such as biomaterial sensing, enzymes, chemical contamination, and temperature sensing. Its variety of properties, such as optical properties, chemiluminescence, and morphological analysis, make it a good option to use in bioimaging, drug delivery, biosensors, and cancer diagnosis.
Three‐layer deep learning network random trees for fault detection in chemical production process
Authors: Lu Ming , Gao Zhen , Zou Ying , Chen Zuguo , Li Pei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWith the development of technology, the chemical production process is becoming increasingly complex and large‐scale, making fault detection particularly important. However, current detection methods struggle to address the complexities of large‐scale production processes. In this paper, we integrate the strengths of deep learning and machine learning technologies, combining the advantages of bidirectional long‐ and short‐term memory neural networks, fully connected neural networks, and the extra trees algorithm to propose a novel fault detection model named three‐layer deep learning network random trees (TDLN‐trees). First, the deep learning component extracts temporal features from industrial data, combining and transforming them into a higher‐level data representation. Second, the machine learning component processes and classifies the features extracted in the first step. An experimental analysis based on the Tennessee Eastman process verifies the superiority of the proposed method.
A novel high step‐up, low switching voltage stress DC‐DC converter using leakage inductance for resonant boosting
Authors: Chen Yin , Li Haibin , Chen Huaming , Jin Tao 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA DC‐DC converter with high boost and low switching voltage stress is proposed by combining switched capacitor (SC) and coupled inductor (CL) techniques based on a conventional boost circuit. The design methodology of this converter includes substituting SC for a single switch in the boost converter, combining CL, and integrating a resonant boost circuit for absorbing leakage inductance. The improved power switch topology in this design has lower voltage stress, lower diode current stress, fewer total components, and common ground than other conventional DC‐DC converters. The operating modes and steady state analysis of the converter are provided in terms of leakage inductance utilization, with component stress derivation and theoretical efficiency analysis. In addition, comparisons with other dc‐dc converters are made. Subsequently, experiments were conducted on a 200 W DC‐DC converter prototype to verify the reliability of the converter.
Variable‐order Caputo derivative of LC and RC circuits system with numerical analysis
Authors: Naveen S , Parthiban V 
Published: August 2024

SummaryIn this paper, computational analysis of a Caputo fractional variable‐order system with inductor‐capacitor (LC) and resistor‐capacitor (RC) electrical circuit models is presented. The existence and uniqueness of solutions to the given problem are determined using Schaefer's fixed point theorem and the Banach contraction principle, respectively. The proposed problem's computational consequences are addressed and analyzed using modified Euler and Runge–Kutta fourth‐order techniques. Furthermore, the suggested model compares several orders, including integer, fractional, and variable orders. To demonstrate the utility of the proposed approach, computational simulations are carried out on LC and RC circuit models of various orders. Furthermore, a comparative analysis with previous investigations has been carried. For the given problem, the numerical solution results in high‐precision approximations.
Interplay of Metal Ions and Posttranslational Modifications in Proteins
Authors: Peana Massimiliano , Frączyk Tomasz , Zoroddu Maria Antonietta 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPosttranslational modifications (PTMs) and metal ions are integral players in the complex regulatory orchestra governing protein function. Several metal ions, including zinc, iron, copper, and others, intricately influence protein structure and activity as cofactors. Concurrently, PTMs, such as phosphorylation, acetylation, and ubiquitination, add an additional layer of complexity to the proteome, dynamically shaping cellular responses. Understanding this bidirectional relationship is crucial for unraveling the complex web of cellular regulation. This review explores the reciprocal impact of metal ions on PTMs and vice versa and provides examples and insights into how metal ions modulate PTMs and, conversely, how PTMs influence metal‐binding proteins, shedding light on the complex crosstalk between these two crucial facets of cellular biology. This interplay is not only central to cellular homeostasis but also holds implications for diseases associated with dysregulated metal‐ion and PTM processes.
Realizing record efficiencies for ultra‐thin organic photovoltaics through step‐by‐step optimizations of silver nanowire transparent electrodes
Authors: Zheng Xiangjun , Wang Yiming , Chen Tianyi , Kong Yibo , Wu Xiaoling , Zhou Cun , Luo Qun , Ma Chang‐Qi , Zuo Lijian , Shi Minmin , Chen Hongzheng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractUltra‐thin (also known as ultra‐flexible) organic photovoltaics (OPVs) represent a strong contender among emerging photovoltaic technologies. However, due to the imbalance between the optical and electrical properties of indium tin oxide (ITO)‐free transparent electrodes, the ultra‐thin OPVs often exhibit lower efficiency compared to the brittle yet more balanced rigid ITO counterparts. Here, we design and fabricate an advanced ultra‐thin OPV, which involves a thoroughly optimized silver nanowires (AgNWs) transparent electrode (named AZAT) with excellent optical, electrical and mechanical properties. Specifically, the high‐kinetic energy spray‐coating method successfully yields a curve‐shaped, tightly connected and uniformly distributed AgNWs film, complemented by a capping layer of zinc oxide:aluminum‐doped zinc oxide (ZnO:AZO) to improve charge collection capability. Simultaneously, the transparency of the electrode is enhanced through precise optical optimization. Thus, we implant the AZAT‐based devices on 1.3 μm polyimide substrates and demonstrate ultra‐thin OPVs with a record efficiency of 18.46% and a power density of 40.31 W g−1, which is the highest value for PV technologies. Encouragingly, the AZAT electrode also enables the 10.0 cm2 device to exhibit a high efficiency of 15.67%. These results provide valuable insights for the development of ultra‐thin OPVs with high efficiency, low cost, superior flexibility, and up‐scaling capacity.
Co‐Jump Dependency and Transmission Across US Commodity Futures: A Network Analysis
Authors: Zhang Lei , Chen Yan , Bouri Elie 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the co‐jump transmission in 20 commodity futures returns in the United States using co‐jump network models. Specifically, it reveals co‐jumping behavior in both static and time‐varying settings, considering the overall commodity markets and various commodity groups separately, which helps us understand the dynamic changes in co‐jump dependencies at the overall and sector levels. The main results reveal that co‐jump heterogeneity exists among commodities but is generally more apparent within each commodity group, and co‐jumps vary over time. Gold exerts the strongest influence, with many commodity futures being influenced by the jumps behavior in gold returns. During the COVID‐19 outbreak and the Russia–Ukraine war, the energy group ranks highest in terms of co‐jump network centrality. Our empirical analysis highlights the portfolio performance and risk reduction, and an additional examination shows that centrality information from the co‐jump network contains a highly and statistically forecasting power for US stock market volatility.
Deiche durch Geotextilien resilienter gestalten
Authors: Ebbert Simon , Detert Oliver , Zafar Abdullah 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRegelmäßig kommt es in Deutschland zu Hochwasserereignissen, bei denen insbesondere die Deiche als Hochwasserschutzstrukturen im Fokus stehen. Durch die hohen Wasserstände in Verbindung mit oftmals lang anhaltenden Hochwasserereignissen war die Standsicherheit der in der Regel als homogene Erdkörper gebauten Deiche häufig kritisch, teilweise kam es sogar zu einem Versagen der Deiche. Durch den Einsatz von Geotextilien können Deiche sowohl im Zuge eines Neubaus bzw. einer Ertüchtigung als auch unmittelbar vor oder während Hochwasserereignissen so verstärkt bzw. gesichert werden, dass die typischen Versagensfälle verhindert oder zumindest deutlich herausgezögert werden können. Einige mögliche Anwendungen von Geotextilien für kurz‐ und langfristige Vorsorgemaßnahmen werden in diesem Beitrag vorgestellt. Dabei handelt es sich sowohl um Anwendungen, die dem Stand der Technik entsprechen, als auch um innovative Anwendungen von Geotextilien in Deichen.
A surviving neonate with congenitally unguarded tricuspid valve orifice
Authors: Xiao Weiwei , Ji Liqin , Gao Xue , Li Houyu , Zou Anlingzi , He Yao , Yu Shaomei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe hospital admitted a 3‐day‐old female infant presenting with persistent facial cyanosis and hypoxic symptoms, and echocardiography revealed a congenitally unguarded tricuspid valve orifice with an atrial septal defect. After being followed up until the age of one and a half years, the child underwent bidirectional Glenn's surgery and achieved successful survival.
Reduced guanidinoacetate in plasma of patients with autosomal dominant Fanconi syndrome due to heterozygous P341L GATM variant and study of organoids towards treatment
Authors: Portales‐Castillo Ignacio , Singal Rhea , Ambrose Anastasia , Song Jong Hee , Son Minsoo , Goo Young Ah. , Zhou Wen , Traum Avram Z. , Coler‐Reilly Ariella , Humphreys Benjamin D. , Civitelli Roberto , Jüppner Harald , Lundquist Andrew L. , Seres Peter , Allegretti Andrew S. , Mercimek‐Andrews Saadet 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAutosomal dominant Fanconi syndrome due to a GATM variant (GATM‐FS), causes accumulation of misfolded arginine‐glycine amidinotransferase (AGAT) in proximal renal tubules leading to cellular injury. GATM‐FS presents during childhood and progresses to end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD) in adults. We study creatine metabolism in two individuals of unrelated families with a known GATM variant and the effect of creatine supplementation in kidney organoids. Plasma and urine metabolites were measured by mass spectrometry. Brain creatine was assessed by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Guanidinoacetate (GAA) synthesis by the AGAT mutant was measured in patient‐derived immortalized lymphocytes using stable isotopes of arginine and glycine. The effect of creatine on GATM expression was assessed in human kidney cells and organoids. Several family members from two unrelated families were diagnosed with Fanconi syndrome and had the c.1022C>T (p. P341L) variant in GATM. Two affected individuals in both families had moderately reduced plasma GAA levels. In comparison to wild‐type cells, GAA synthesis by patient‐derived GATMP341L+/− lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL) was reduced, but not absent as in GATM cells from a patient with creatine deficiency syndrome. In vitro studies on human kidney organoids revealed reduced AGAT expression after treatment with creatine. Finally, we showed in one patient that creatine supplementation (5 g daily) substantially increased plasma creatine levels. We report low plasma and urine GAA in patients with autosomal dominant GATM‐FS and show that creatine downregulates AGAT in human kidney cells.
Physics‐based compact models of GaN HEMTs for high power RF applications: A review (Invited Paper)
Authors: Mao Shuman , Su Xiang , Wu Qingzhi , Wang Yan , Duan Xiangyang , Tian Shen , Li Xuehuan , Xu Yuehang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe compact model plays a pivotal role as a critical link between device fabrication and circuit design. While conventional compact model theories and techniques are generally mature, the intricate physical mechanisms of gallium nitride (GaN) high‐electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) pose challenges due to their strong non‐linearity in high‐power radio frequency (RF) applications. This complexity hinders achieving the required precision for applications using traditional modeling methods. Therefore, the development of physics‐based compact modeling techniques becomes crucial for a deeper understanding of the intricate features of GaN HEMTs. This paper explores the advancements and the current state‐of‐the‐art in physics‐based compact models. The comprehensive review covers both intrinsic core models and real‐device effects models. Core models are presented with a focus on fundamental concepts, development overviews, and applications. Additionally, the real‐device effects models are introduced, encompassing advanced characterization techniques and modeling methodologies. Furthermore, the paper outlines future trends in physics‐based compact modeling, providing valuable insights for individuals engaged in transistor compact modeling work.
Separation and spatial variations of typhoon and non‐typhoon rainfall at different timescales in typical region of southeast China
Authors: Wang Senzhen , Chen Xingwei , Yao Huaxia , Ruan Weifang , Gu Zipeng , Li Xiaocheng , Chen Ying , Liu Meibing , Deng Haijun 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRainfall in East Asia is affected by two rain‐bearing systems: tropical cyclones and monsoon‐related frontal systems. Distinguishing typhoon rainfall (TR) and non‐typhoon rainfall (non‐TR) helps to understand the evolution process of regional rainfall at different timescales. Taking Fujian Province in the southeast coast of China as an example, based on the fixed box approach of separating TR, the method of determining the size of fixed box is explored. TR and non‐TR are separated in Fujian Province, and the spatial variations of TR and non‐TR at different timescales (annual, monthly, day of annual‐maximum‐rain) are analysed. The results showed that (1) according to the relationship between the sizes of fixed box and the rate of change of TR, the size of fixed box could be reasonably determined; thus, the expended size of fixed box suitable for separating TR in Fujian was 3.5°, namely the range of 20°–31.8°N and 112.3°–124.2°E. (2) The spatial variations of TR at different timescales in Fujian were similar: TR decreased from the coast to the inland, and the northeast coast of Fujian was the high‐value region. Due to the difference of water vapour sources, non‐TR in March–June increased from the coast to the inland, but the high value of non‐TR in July–September was distributed in the eastern coast. (3) The contribution rates of average TR to the total rainfall of the year, July–September and 1 day were 12.8%, 34.6% and 35.7%, respectively. In eastern coast, TR in July–September accounted for 1/3–1/2 of total rainfall, and the rainfall in a day was mainly affected by TR; while in western inland, rainfall was mainly non‐TR and the influence of TR was less than 1/4.
Hydrolysates from cauliflower and artichoke industrial wastes as biostimulants on seed germination and seedling growth: a chemical and biological characterization
Authors: Salvo Andrea , Masciulli Fabrizio , Ambroselli Donatella , Romano Enrico , Ingallina Cinzia , Spano Mattia , Di Matteo Giacomo , Giusti Anna Maria , Di Sotto Antonella , Percaccio Ester , Di Giacomo Silvia , Vinci Giuliana , Prencipe Sabrina Antonia , Acciaro Erica , Sobolev Anatoly P. , Costantini Lara , Merendino Nicolò , Giulianelli Roberto , Campiglia Enio , Mannina Luisa 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundCauliflower (Brassica oleracea L.) and globe artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) are vegetables with a high waste index mainly related to stems and leaves. In this study, enzymatic hydrolysates obtained from these wastes were proposed to be used as plant biostimulants. Life cycle assessment methodology was also applied to evaluate environmental performances related to cauliflower and artichoke byproducts.ResultsHydrolysates (HYs) were chemically and biologically characterized. Amino acids, organic acids, amines, polyols, mineral elements, phenols, tannins, flavonoids and sulfur compounds were identified and quantified by means of NMR, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and UV–visible analyses. Cauliflower leaf and flower HYs showed the highest concentration of free amino acids, whereas stems showed the highest concentration of Ca. Regarding artichoke, asparagine, glutamine and aspartic acid were exclusively detected in stems, whereas artichoke leaves showed the highest Mg and Mn levels together with the highest antioxidant activity. The HYs diluted in water were tested as biostimulants. The impacts of five concentrations of HYs (0.00, 0.28, 0.84, 2.52 and 7.56 g L−1) on seed germination and early seedling growth of crimson clover, alfalfa, durum wheat and corn were investigated.ConclusionsThe application of artichoke biostimulant (0.28 g L−1) positively influenced the coefficient of velocity of germination in alfalfa, crimson clover and durum wheat, whereas cauliflower biostimulant significantly improved corn germination speed. © 2024 The Author(s). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Graphene Oxide‐Incorporated Polylactic Acid/Polyamidoamine Dendrimer Electroconductive Nanocomposite as a Promising Scaffold for Guided Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Koeini Fatemeh , Solouk Atefeh , Akbari Somaye 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn the recent years, electroconductive scaffolds have shown promising capabilities in guided regeneration of electroactive tissues including nerve, heart muscle, bone, cartilage, and skin. Herein, the fabrication of a novel electroconductive poly (L‐lactic acid) (PLLA)/polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer nanofibrous scaffold containing graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets is described. The presence of PAMAM with amine terminal groups successfully aminolyzed PLLA. Interestingly, both PAMAM (5% w/w) and GO (0.5, 1, 2% w/w) not only contributed to reducing the fiber diameter, increasing the hydrophilicity and degradation rate, but also provided a nanocomposite scaffold with enhancement in electrical conductivity. By incorporating 1% w/w of GO, the nanocomposite scaffold exhibited optimized properties, including electrical conductivity (≈3.09 × 10−5 S m−1), crystallinity (≈ 47%), Young's modulus (≈16.95 MPa), as well as strength (≈1.58 MPa). This nanocomposite also demonstrated significant antibacterial activity of ≥ 90% against both gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacteria. Cellular assays confirmed acceptable cytocompatibility of the nanocomposite scaffolds containing GO and PAMAM, which can support the viability and proliferation of PC‐12 cells. In conclusion, the presence of GO nanosheets alongside PAMAM dendrimers can synergically promote the properties of the prepared nanofibrous mats which can be used as potential electroconductive scaffolds for guided tissue regeneration.