bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simply Soups Inc.: A Teaching Case Designed to Integrate the Electronic Cash Confirmation Process into the Auditing Curriculum
Authors: Hanes Denise R. , Porco Barbara M. , Thibodeau Jay C. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACT
Simply Soups Inc., a producer of organic canned soups, has hired your firm, Putnam and Jacobs LLP, to perform a financial statement audit for the year ended December 31, 2013. Using the PCAOB's proposed standard on confirmations, you are to complete the testing of the cash balance reported by Simply Soups Inc. at year-end. Today, a majority of large banks require auditors to use electronic cash confirmation requests and, as a result, almost all large audit firms use them. When using electronic confirmation requests, audit firms typically rely on a third-party intermediary to provide a secure technological platform to transmit information between the bank and the auditor as well as to validate the authenticity of the respondent. In requiring you to electronically confirm cash balances using a third-party intermediary, this case provides an opportunity to improve your understanding of current audit practice, strengthen your technical knowledge of applicable standards, and develop the professional judgment skills necessary to appropriately evaluate and document the persuasiveness of audit evidence.
Prospective Study on the Incidences of Cardiovascular-Renal Complications in Chinese Patients With Young-Onset Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Luk Andrea O.Y. , Lau Eric S.H. , So Wing-Yee , Ma Ronald C.W. , Kong Alice P.S. , Ozaki Risa , Chow Francis C.C. , Chan Juliana C.N. 
Published: December 2013

OBJECTIVE
We examined metabolic profiles and cardiovascular-renal outcomes in a prospective cohort of Chinese patients with young-onset diabetes defined by diagnosis age &lt;40 years. Patients with type 1 diabetes and normal-weight (BMI &lt;23 kg/m2) and overweight (BMI ≥23 kg/m2) patients with type 2 diabetes were compared.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Between 1995 and 2004, 2,323 patients (type 1 diabetes, n = 209; normal-weight type 2 diabetes, n = 636; and overweight type 2 diabetes, n = 1,478) underwent detailed clinical assessment. Incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) including coronary heart disease, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease were identified using hospital discharge diagnoses. End-stage renal disease (ESRD) was defined by glomerular filtration rate &lt;15 mL/min/1.73 m2 or dialysis.

RESULTS
Overweight patients with type 2 diabetes had the worst metabolic profile and highest prevalence of microvascular complications. Over a median follow-up of 9.3 years, incidences of CVD were 0.6, 5.1, and 9.6 per 1,000 person-years in patients with type 1 diabetes, normal-weight patients with type 2 diabetes, and overweight patients with type 2 diabetes. The respective figures for ESRD were 2.2, 6.4, and 8.4 per 1,000 person-years. Compared with type 1 diabetes, the overweight type 2 diabetes group had a greater hazard of progression to CVD (hazard ratio [HR] 15.3 [95% CI 2.1–112.4]) and ESRD (HR 5.4 [95% CI 1.8–15.9]), adjusted for age, sex, and disease duration. The association became nonsignificant upon additional adjustment for BMI, blood pressure, and lipid.

CONCLUSIONS
Young patients with type 2 diabetes had greater risks of developing cardiovascular-renal complications compared with patients with type 1 diabetes. The increased risk was driven primarily by accompanying metabolic risk factors.
Kidney Disease and Related Findings in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Study
Authors: de Boer Ian H. ,   for the DCCT/EDIC Research Group
Published: December 2013

OBJECTIVE
Kidney disease manifests clinically as elevated albumin excretion rate (AER), impaired glomerular filtration rate (GFR), or both, and is a cause of substantial morbidity and mortality in type 1 diabetes (T1D). The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) study tested whether intensive diabetes therapy (INT) aimed at lowering glucose concentrations as close as safely possible to the normal range reduces the risks of kidney disease and other diabetes complications.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
In the DCCT, 1,441 participants with T1D were randomly assigned to INT or conventional diabetes therapy (CON) for a mean duration of 6.5 years. Subsequently, participants have been followed for 18 years in the ongoing observational EDIC. Standardized longitudinal measurements of AER, estimated GFR, and blood pressure were made throughout the DCCT/EDIC.

RESULTS
During the DCCT, INT reduced the risks of incident microalbuminuria (AER ≥40 mg/24 h) and macroalbuminuria (AER ≥300 mg/24 h) by 39% (95% CI 21–52%) and 54% (29–74%), respectively. During EDIC years 1–8, participants previously assigned to DCCT INT continued to experience lower rates of incident microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria, with risk reductions of 59% (39–73%) and 84% (67–92%), respectively. Beneficial effects of INT on the development of impaired GFR (sustained estimated GFR &lt;60 mL/min/1.73 m2) and hypertension became evident during combined DCCT/EDIC follow-up, with risk reductions of 50% (18–69%) and 20% (6–21%), respectively, compared with CON.

CONCLUSIONS
In the DCCT/EDIC, INT resulted in clinically important, durable reductions in the risks of microalbuminuria, macroalbuminuria, impaired GFR, and hypertension.
Update on Cardiovascular Outcomes at 30 Years of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Study
Authors: Lachin John M. , Orchard Trevor J. , Nathan David M. ,   for the DCCT/EDIC Research Group
Published: December 2013

OBJECTIVE
To describe the beneficial long-term effects of an average of 6.5 years of intensive diabetes therapy (INT) in type 1 diabetes on measures of atherosclerosis, cardiac structure and function, and clinical cardiovascular events observed in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) and the Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) study.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The DCCT was a randomized clinical trial of 1,441 participants assigned to receive INT or conventional therapy (CON). It was conducted between 1983–1993 with an average follow-up of 6.5 years. EDIC (1994–present) is an observational follow-up of the DCCT cohort. Cardiovascular events have been recorded throughout. During EDIC common carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) was measured with ultrasound, coronary artery calcification with computed tomography, and cardiac structure and function with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging.

RESULTS
DCCT INT and lower levels of HbA1c during DCCT/EDIC were associated with thinner carotid IMT, less coronary calcification, and a lower incidence of clinical cardiovascular events including myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiac death. While there were no significant differences in cardiac structure and function between the former INT and CON groups, they were significantly associated with higher HbA1c during DCCT/EDIC.

CONCLUSIONS
DCCT INT and the attendant 6.5 years of lower HbA1c had long-term salutary effects on the development and progression of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease during the subsequent follow-up during EDIC.
Evaluation of varying morphological parameters on the biomechanics of a cranial cruciate ligament–deficient or intact canine stifle joint with a computer simulation model
Authors: Brown Nathan P. , Bertocci Gina E. , Marcellin-Little Denis J. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Objective—To investigate the influence of varying morphological parameters on canine stifle joint biomechanics by use of a 3-D rigid-body canine pelvic limb computer model that simulated an intact and cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL)–deficient stifle joint across the stance phase of gait at a walk.
Sample—Data from computer simulations.
Procedures—Computer model morphological parameters, including patellar ligament insertion location, tibial plateau angle (TPA), and femoral condyle diameter (FCD), were incrementally altered to determine their influence on outcome measures (ligament loads, relative tibial translation, and relative tibial rotation) during simulation of the stance phase of gait at a walk. Outcome measures were assessed for each scenario and compared between an intact and CrCL-deficient stifle joint with the sensitivity index (the percentage change in outcome measure divided by the percentage change in input parameter).
Results—In a CrCL-intact stifle joint, ligament loads were most sensitive to TPA. In a CrCL-deficient stifle joint, outcome measures were most sensitive to TPA with the exception of caudal cruciate ligament and lateral collateral ligament loads, which were sensitive to FCD and TPA. Relative tibial translation was sensitive to TPA and patellar ligament insertion location, whereas relative tibial rotation was most sensitive to TPA.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The computer model sensitivity analyses predicted that individual parameters, particularly TPA and FCD, influence stifle joint biomechanics. Therefore, tibial and femoral morphological parameters may affect the likelihood, prevention, and management of CrCL deficiency.
Academic publishing and interdisciplinarity: Finnish experiences
Authors: Pihlström Sami 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
This essay discusses some current challenges in academic publishing and interdisciplinarity, including interdisciplinary publishing, by referring to some recent experiences in the Finnish academic community. In particular, the recent “Publication Forum” exercise, organized in Finland by the Finnish Federation of Learned Societies, is briefly analyzed. Journal rankings play important roles but may also be used in problematic ways. Interdisciplinary research programs and institutes also need to consider their own challenges in contemporary academia.
Experiencing life and (religious) hope: pragmatic philosophies of religion
Authors: Nagl Ludwig 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Is pragmatism, as focused on a future considered producible by our finite actions, ill equipped to analyze religion (or “Erlösungswissen”, as Max Scheler said); is it unable, as Stanley Cavell writes, to sufficiently explore “skepticism” and negativity? This paper argues that William James succeeds in pragmatically re-thematizing “Erlösungswissen”, and that Josiah Royce—who develops a post-pragmatic, pragmaticist concept of; religion—carefully re-investigates “negativity”, in a Peirce-inspired mode, by focusing on the “mission of sorrow”.
Classical American pragmatism: Practicing philosophy as experiencing life
Authors: Kegley Jacquelyn 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
I argue that Classical American Pragmatists—Royce, James, Dewey, Perice, Addams, Du Bois, and Locke subscribed to this view and practiced philosophy by focusing on experience and directing a critical eye to major problems in living. Thus Royce and Dewey explored the nature of genuine community and its role in developing a flourishing individual life but also a public, democratic life. Royce and James engaged in a phenomenological analysis of human experience including religious experience developing a rich understanding of human psychological, social, and religious development. Dewey, Royce and Perice applied the lessons of the scientific communal experience to problem solving in everyday life. Dewey explored life’s aesthetic dimensions. Addams, Du Bois and Locke applied philosophy to problems of living with discrimination as an immigrant or an African American.
PSP: Parallel sub-pipelined architecture for high throughput AES on FPGA and ASIC
Authors: Rahimunnisa K. , Karthigaikumar P. , Christy N. , Kumar S. , Jayakumar J. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
As the technology is growing day by day, information security plays a very important role in our lives. In order to protect the information, several cryptographic algorithms have been proposed. The aim of this paper is to present an effective Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) architecture to achieve high throughput for security applications. The Parallel Sub-Pipelined architecture (PSP) is proposed in order to obtain high throughput. The proposed architecture is also compared with loop unrolled, pipelined, sub-pipelined, parallel and parallel pipelined architecture in terms of throughput. The AES algorithm using Parallel Sub-Pipelined architecture was prototyped in FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) and ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit).The proposed architecture yielded a throughput of 59.59 Gbps at a frequency of 450.045 MHz on FPGA Virtex XC6VLX75T which is higher than the throughput yielded in other architectures. In ASIC 0.13 µm technology, the proposed architecture yielded a throughput of 25.60 Gbps and in 0.18 µm, it yielded a throughput of 20.56 Gbps.
Report of chronic myeloid leukemia SMS Medical College Hospital, Jaipur
Authors: Malhotra Hemant , Sharma Rajesh , Singh Yogender , Chaturvedi Hemant 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThis is a retrospective analysis of patients of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) registered and under treatment at the Leukemia Lymphoma Clinic at the Birla Cancer Center, SMS Medical College Hospital, Jaipur. Approximately, two-thirds of the patients are getting imatinib mesylate (IM) through the Glivec International Patient Assistance Program while the rest are on generic IM. In addition to comparison of hematological and molecular responses in the Glivec versus the genetic group, in this analysis, an attempt is also made to assess the socio-economic (SE) status of the patients and its effect on the response rates. Of the 213 patients studied, most (28.6%) are in the age group between 30 years and 40 years and the mean age of the patients in 39 years, a good decade younger that in the west. There is a suggestion that patients in lower SE class present with higher Sokal scores and with more disease burden. Possibly hematological responses are similar with both Glivec and generic IM. No comment can be made with regards to molecular response between the two groups as a significant number of patients in the Glivec arm (42%) do not have molecular assessment because of economic reasons. CML is a common and challenging disease in the developing world with patients presenting at an earlier age with more advanced disease. SE factors play a significant role in therapy and disease monitoring decision making and may impact on response rates and prognosis.
Report of chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase from Ashirwad Hematology Centre, Mumbai, 2002-2009
Authors: Agarwal M G , Agarwal Usha M , Rathi Shonali S , Masurkar Sangeeta , Zaveri Bindi 
Published: December 2013

AbstractWe have analyzed our experience regarding use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors especially imatinib mesylate in patients of chronic myeloid leukemia-chronic phase over last 7 years at our center (2002-2009). The object was to report long-term efficacy (hematological, cytogenetic and molecular) and toxicity. Overall, 775 patients were treated. Out of these, 576 were analyzable with a median follow-up of 3.6 years. The median age was 42 years. Complete cytogenetic response (CCyR) was achieved in 351/576 patients, i.e., 62.1%. Grade 3/4 adverse effects were observed in 36 patients, i.e., 6.25%. Age under 40 years, low Sokal score, complete hematological response and CCyR were significant predictive factors for event free survival (EFS) on univariate analysis while low Sokal score and early chronic phase were significant predictive factors for EFS on multivariate analysis. Our results are almost similar to those reported from various studies from western population.
Report of chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase from Cancer Institute (Women India Association), Chennai, 2002-2009
Authors: Ganesan Prasanth , Rejiv R , Manjunath N , Sanju C , Sagar T G 
Published: December 2013

AbstractCancer Institute Chennai is the first Institute of Oncological sciences to be established in the country. In ICON meeting, they presented the data of 516 patients, of which 91% patients achieved complete hematological response. The overall survival was 88% and event free survival was 65% at 5 years.
Epidemiological and clinical profile of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia at Health-Care Global, Bangalore Institute of Oncology
Authors: Srinivas K G , Patil Shekar ,   Shashidhara
Published: December 2013

AbstractHealth-Care Global, Bangalore Institute of Oncology is a cancer care center, which provides comprehensive care for cancer patients. Here, we present data of 350 patients diagnosed as cases of chronic myeloid leukemia over a period of 10 years. In our patient population, there was male predominance and majority of patients lied between the age group of 40 and 50 years. 90% patients were initially started on 400 mg dose of imatinib. About 30% of patient population required dose excalation due to inadequate response while 10% required dose descalation due to myelosuppression. 60% of patients had complete response by 3 months and 52% of patients had major molecular response by 1 year.
Kinase domain mutations and responses to dose escalation in chronic myeloid leukemia resistant to standard dose imatinib mesylate
Authors: Rajappa Senthil , Mallavarapu Krishna Mohan , Gundeti Sadashivudu , Paul Tara Roshni , Jacob Rachel Thomas , Digumarti Raghunadharao 
Published: December 2013

AbstractImatinib has shown unprecendeted success in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). However, over few years there have been reports regarding the primary and secondary resistance to Imatinib dampening the overall outcome in CML patients. In this study we have tried to assess the effect of dose escalation in patients resistant to standard dose of Imatinib and correlate it with presence of ABL kinase domain (KD) mutations. There were 90 patients resistant to imatinib, out which 29 patients were identified with KD mutations. The most common mutation was T315I , 9 out of 29 patients had it. 35 (38%) responded to dose escalation and had 67% event free survival (EFS) at estimated 2 years. Our results showed that dose escalation can over come resistance in some patients especially those in cytogenetic failure.
Evaluation of a triple combination of cytokeratin 20, p53 and CD44 for improving detection of urothelial carcinoma in urine cytology specimens
Authors: Arville Brent , O’Rourke Emily , Chung Fai , Amin Mahul , Bose Shikha 
Published: December 2013

Background:Atypical urine cytology results trigger cystoscopy or molecular tests, both of which are costly, complex and difficult to perform tests. Several immunostains are being investigated to improve cancer detection; however, cytology material is limited and restricts the use of multiple immunostains. This study was designed to determine the utility of a cocktail of three stains, cytokeratin (CK20), p53 and CD44 in urine cytology samples for improving the detection of urothelial carcinoma.Materials and Methods:Urine cytology specimens with cell blocks containing adequate cytologic material between 2005 and 2010 and subsequent follow-up biopsy and/or Urovysion test (102 cases including 29 negative, 56 atypical and 17 malignant) were included in the study and evaluated with the triple stain. Results were first validated on the positive and negative cases and then applied to the atypical cases to determine the utility in the diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma.Results:Based on the validation and published literature, two distinct immunoprofiles were defined – malignant, characterized by at least five CK20 and/or p53 positive atypical cells and reactive, all other staining patterns. The malignant immunoprofile showed 88% sensitivity, 78% specificity, 74% positive predictive value (PPV) and 90% negative predictive value (NPV) for detecting urothelial carcinoma. These values improved to 95% sensitivity and 96% NPV when low-grade urothelial carcinoma cases were excluded.Summary:Our results indicate that the triple stain is an inexpensive, easy to perform test most useful for differentiating high-grade urothelial carcinoma from its mimics. However Inclusion of CD44 in the cocktail did not provide additional value and is best excluded.
Stakeholders: principais abordagens
Authors: Schiavoni Patrícia Mattos de Barros , Moraes Mário César Barreto , Castro Alice Carneiro de , Nascimento Santos Jair 
Published: December 2013

A cada momento as organizações necessitam de adaptações para se manterem vivas. Considera-se a análise de seu ambiente externo uma ferramenta essencial nesse processo adaptativo, e, em especial, é primordial conhecer seus stakeholders. O presente artigo tem por objetivo apresentar diferentes abordagens sobre stakeholders organizacionais, contribuindo concomitantemente com a academia e com as empresas que optarem por analisar e agir sobre seus grupos de interesse e, possivelmente, para ter um destaque no mercado. Destaca-se a abordagem de gestão dos stakeholders, de Edward Freeman; o modelo das relações corporativas com os stakeholdesr, de Ann Svendsen; e a abordagem do comprometimento dos stakeholders, de Steven Walker e Jeffrey Marr.
Suitability of the Miller Function and Participation Scales (M–FUN) for Use With Israeli Children
Authors: Rihtman Tanya , Parush Shula 
Published: December 2013

AbstractOBJECTIVE. Our aim was to generate a Hebrew translation of the Miller Function and Participation Scales (M–FUN) and assess the validity of U.S. norms for Israeli children.METHOD. All components of the M–FUN were translated, and a pilot study revealed a need for further investigation. The Hebrew M–FUN’s fine, gross, and visual–motor (VM) components and M–FUN participation questionnaires were administered to 267 Israeli children (128 boys, 139 girls; mean age = 59.21 mo, standard deviation = 17.84).RESULTS. Significant correlations supported construct validity between age and all motor and participation scores as well as age-group differences. Significant differences between the U.S. and Israeli samples were found only for the VM score. Participation and motor scores were significantly correlated.CONCLUSION. Although VM score results should be interpreted with caution, we provide evidence for use of the fine and gross motor norms and the U.S. criterion-referenced participation scores of the M–FUN with Israeli children.
Systematic Review of Occupational Therapy–Related Interventions for People With Multiple Sclerosis: Part 2. Impairment
Authors: Yu Chih-Huang , Mathiowetz Virgil 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
This article is the second part of a systematic review of studies on occupational therapy–related intervention for people with multiple sclerosis (MS). The objective of this systematic review was to critically appraise and synthesize the applicable findings to address the following focused question: What is the evidence for the effectiveness of interventions within the scope of occupational therapy practice for people with multiple sclerosis? Part 1 (Yu & Mathiowetz, 2014) reviewed evidence for the effectiveness of activity- and participation-based interventions for people with MS. In contrast to the top-down approach, enabling occupational performance can be achieved through remediating impaired personal abilities. Therefore, Part 2 focuses on occupational therapy interventions targeting impairment. Studies included in this review focused on improving client factors and performance skills in people with MS, including cognition, emotional regulation, and motor and praxis skills.