bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does An Early Intervention Influence Behavioral Development Until Age 9 in Children Born Prematurely?
Authors: Landsem Inger Pauline , Handegård Bjørn Helge , Ulvund Stein Erik , Tunby Jorunn , Kaaresen Per Ivar , Rønning John A. 
Published: April 2015

This study examined whether the Mother–Infant Transaction Program prevents behavioral problems among preterm children (birth weight < 2000 g) until age 9. The program was administered to 72 preterms, while 74 preterms and 75 full‐terms formed control groups (N = 221). Behavior was reported by parents (Child Behavior Checklist) and teachers (Teachers Report Form) and by all on selected Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) questions. Long‐term behavioral development appeared to be qualitatively unaffected by the intervention. At ages 7 and 9, fewer attention problems and better adaptation to school were reported from parents and teachers of the intervention group compared to preterm controls. At age 9, teachers reported fewer difficulties in the intervention group and better academic performance. In these areas they were reported as being at the statistically same level as term controls.
Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial of All‐Ceramic Single Tooth Implant Reconstructions Using Modified Zirconia Abutments: Radiographic and Prosthetic Results at 1 Year of Loading
Authors: Thoma Daniel S. , Brandenberg Francine , Fehmer Vincent , Büchi Dominik L.E. , Hämmerle Christoph H.F. , Sailer Irena 
Published: April 2015

AbstractPurposeThis study aims to test whether or not veneering of the submucosal part of zirconia abutments with pink dental ceramic affects radiographic and technical outcomes of implant‐supported single crowns (ISSC).Materials and MethodsSingle tooth implants were randomly restored with either pink‐veneered zirconia abutments (test; n = 10) or non‐veneered zirconia abutments (control group; n = 10) and all‐ceramic crowns. At baseline (crown insertion), and 6‐ and 12‐month radiographic and technical evaluations were performed including standardized x‐rays and modified United States Public Health Service criteria (technical). Survival and complication rates were assessed for implants and restorations. Robust linear mixed model analysis was performed to investigate the effect of group and time‐point on radiographic outcomes.ResultsAt 1 year, the survival rate for implants was 100% and 95% for ISSC. Most of the implants were placed subcrestally. Therefore, mean marginal bone levels decreased in both groups between implant insertion and baseline (p < .05), but then remained stable up to 1 year (test: 0.15 mm ± 0.42 mm; control 0.23 mm ± 0.63 mm) (p > .005). At 6 months, one minor chipping occurred in the test group. At 1 year, three crowns (control) exhibited occlusal roughness. In addition, one abutment fracture occurred (test). The differences between test and control group were not statistically significantly different for any of the evaluated outcome measures (p > .05).ConclusionsVeneering of the submucosal part of zirconia abutments did not affect biological and technical outcomes of ISSCs. Technical complications of the reconstructions, however, were frequent, resulting in a rate of 75% of the crowns being complication free.
The personal shopper – a pilot randomized trial of grocery store‐based dietary advice
Authors: Lewis K. H. , Roblin D. W. , Leo M. , Block J. P. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryThe objective of this study was to test the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a store‐based dietary education intervention against traditional clinic‐based advice. Patients with obesity (n = 55, mean [standard deviation, SD] age 44.3[9.2] years, 64% women, 87% non‐Hispanic Black) were randomized to receive dietary counselling either in a grocery store or a clinic. Change between groups (analysis of covariance) was assessed for outcomes including: dietary quality (Healthy Eating Index – 2005 [0–100 points] ), and nutritional knowledge (0–65‐point knowledge scale). Both groups reported improved diet quality at the end of the study. Grocery participants had greater increases in knowledge (mean [SD] change = 5.7 [6.1] points) than clinic participants (mean [SD] change = 3.2 [4.0] points) (P = 0.04). Participants enjoyed the store‐based sessions. Grocery store‐based visits offer a promising approach for dietary counselling.
The Land that Disappeared: Forceful Occupation, Disputes and the Negotiation of Landlord Power in a Bangladeshi Bastee
Authors: Suykens Bert 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThrough the lens of the ‘disappearance’ of a piece of land, this article analyses land relations in a Bangladeshi bastee (slum). The author builds an understanding of the local negotiation of ownership in an area where dakhal (forceful occupation) is the main starting point for the assessment of ownership. The property regime in the bastee emerges out of a web of relationships between different landlords, strongmen, elected officials and (local and national) politicians. These relations are not only crucial for maintaining existing dakhal patterns, but also for guaranteeing land sales, negotiating and settling disputes and, in the final instance, for negotiating power relations in the bastee itself.
Animal, but not human, faces engage the distributed face network in adolescents with autism
Authors: Whyte Elisabeth M. , Behrmann Marlene , Minshew Nancy J. , Garcia Natalie V. , Scherf K. Suzanne 
Published: April 2015

AbstractMultiple hypotheses have been offered to explain the impaired face‐processing behavior and the accompanying underlying disruptions in neural circuitry among individuals with autism. We explored the specificity of atypical face‐processing activation and potential alterations to fusiform gyrus (FG) morphology as potential underlying mechanisms. Adolescents with high functioning autism (HFA) and age‐matched typically developing (TD) adolescents were scanned with sMRI and fMRI as they observed human and animal faces. In spite of exhibiting comparable face recognition behavior, the HFA adolescents evinced hypo‐activation throughout the face‐processing system in response to unfamiliar human, but not animal, faces. They also exhibited greater activation in affective regions of the face‐processing network in response to animal, but not human, faces. Importantly, this atypical pattern of activation in response to human faces was not related to atypical structural properties of the FG. This atypical neural response to human faces in autism may stem from abnormalities in the ability to represent the reward value of social (i.e. conspecific) stimuli.
Low resting heart rates are associated with new‐onset atrial fibrillation in patients with vascular disease: results of the ONTARGET/TRANSCEND studies
Authors: Böhm M. , Schumacher H. , Linz D. , Reil J.‐C. , Ukena C. , Lonn E. , Teo K. , Sliwa K. , Schmieder R. E. , Sleight P. , Yusuf S. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundElevated systolic blood pressure (SBP) and high resting heart rate (HR) are associated with cardiovascular end‐points. Although the association between atrial fibrillation (AF) and SBP is well established, the relation between AF and HR remains unclear.MethodsIn patients from the ONTARGET and TRANSCEND studies with high cardiovascular disease risk (n = 27 064), new‐onset AF was evaluated in relation to mean SBP, visit‐to‐visit variation in SBP (SBP‐CV; i.e. SD/mean × 100%), mean HR and visit‐to‐visit variation in HR (HR‐CV).ResultsLow mean HR (P < 0.0001) and high SBP (P = 0.0021) were associated with incident AF. High SBP‐CV (P = 0.031) and HR‐CV (P < 0.0001) were also associated with incident AF. After adjustment for confounders, SBP and SBP‐CV were no longer significantly associated with AF. The detrimental effect of low HR was particularly evident in subjects who were not receiving treatment with beta‐blockers (P = 0.014 for interaction between beta‐blocker use and mean HR). In addition to low HR, high HR‐CV and high SBP had additive effects on incident AF.ConclusionsLow mean HR (<60 beats min−1) is independently associated with incident AF, and low HR‐CV and high SBP further increase the incidence of new‐onset AF in patients at high risk of cardiovascular disease.
Clinical audit results in earlier nutritional intervention in malnourished children with cystic fibrosis with improved outcome
Authors: Ledder Oren , Oliver Mark R , Heine Ralf G , Graham Joanne , Volders Evelyn , Robinson Philip J 
Published: April 2015

AimThe association between nutritional status, pulmonary function and survival in cystic fibrosis (CF) is well established. A previous case series from the Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne (RCH), demonstrated suboptimal referral practices and highlighted the importance of early nutritional interventions in children with CF. Various qualitative changes were made to our CF service, and this study assesses the effects of these practice changes timing of gastrostomy and clinical outcome in patients who underwent gastrostomy insertion.MethodClinical audit of all CF patients who had undergone gastrostomy insertion from 2002 to 2010 at Royal Children's Hospital. Clinical data, including nutritional parameters, respiratory function and survival, were collected at 2 years prior and 2 years post gastrostomy insertion. Data were compared with the previous study from 1989 to 1997.ResultsPatients with CF who underwent gastrostomy insertion between 2002 and 2010 (n = 22) had higher weight‐for‐age scores (−1.5 ± 0.68 vs. −2.67 ± 1.06; P = 0.0001) and higher forced expiratory volume in 1 s (68% ± 22 vs. 52% ± 18.5; P = 0.006), compared with the cohort from 1989 to 1997 (n = 37). These differences were maintained at 2‐year follow‐up. Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonisation rate was 100% in 1989–1997 vs. 41% in 2002–2010; P = 0.0001. The 2‐year survival post‐gastrostomy insertion improved from 70% to 100%; P = 0.004.ConclusionEarlier referral of patients in the recent cohort resulted in sustained improvements in weight‐for‐age and lung function. Survival at 2 years post‐procedure was significantly improved. This study confirms the value of clinical audits and subsequent re‐evaluation of clinical services.
Genome constitution of Elymus tangutorum (Poaceae: Triticeae) inferred from meiotic pairing behavior and genomic in situ hybridization
Authors: Yang Cai‐Rong , Zhang Hai‐Qin , Zhao Fu‐Qiang , Liu Xiao‐Yan , Fan Xing , Sha Li‐Na , Kang Hou‐Yang , Wang Yi , Zhou Yong‐Hong 
Published: April 2015

AbstractElymus tangutorum (Nevski) Hand.‐Mazz (2n = 6x = 42) is a perennial species in the tribe Triticeae, which distributes in Nepal and north and northwest China. However, the genome constitution of E. tangutorum is controversial and its taxonomic status is not clear. Hybridizations of E. tangutorum were carried out with E. wawawaiensis J. R. Carlson & Barkworth (StH), Roegneria grandis Keng (StY), and E. dahuricus Turcz. ex Griseb. (StYH). Meiotic pairing in the hybrids E. tangutorum × E. wawawaiensis (StH), E. tangutorum × R. grandis (StY), and E. tangutorum × E. dahuricus (StYH) averaged 10.48, 11.12, and 20.92 bivalents per cell, respectively. The results suggested that E. tangutorum is an allohexaploid and contains the StYH genomes. Results of genomic in situ hybridization analysis strongly supported the chromosome pairing data. Therefore, E. tangutorum should be treated as Campeiostachys dahurica var. tangutorum (Nevski) B. R. Baum, J. L. Yang & C. Yen. Intergenomic rearrangements of E. tangutorum may be affected by environmental factors.
Infusion of endothelial progenitor cells ameliorates liver injury in mice after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Qiao Jianlin , Qi Kunming , Chu Peipei , Mi Hongling , Yang Na , Yao Haina , Xia Yuan , Li Zhenyu , Xu Kailin , Zeng Lingyu 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackground & AimsInjury to liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) is thought to be the initial factor for Hepatic veno‐occlusive disease, a severe complication after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have the capacity to differentiate into endothelial cells and play a critical role in vasculogenesis, tissue regeneration and repair. Whether EPCs infusion ameliorates LSECs injury remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of EPCs on liver injury in mice after HSCT.MethodsMice received HSCT without or with EPCs infusion (HSCT + EPCs). Untreated mice were used as control. Liver and whole blood were collected post HSCT and used for the analysis of pathology of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) and hepatocytes, liver ultrastructure, function, level of IL‐6, TNF‐α and platelet activation.ResultsSevere LSECs injury, hepatocyte damage, abnormal liver function was observed in HSCT group. In addition, increased P‐selectin expression and secretion of IL‐6, TNF‐α was also found. However, all the above changes were alleviated in HSCT + EPCs at all the time points and normalized at the endpoint. Meanwhile, EPCs‐induced repair of LSECs and hepatocytes was totally inhibited by the addition of anti‐VE‐cadherin antibody.ConclusionsEPCs infusion ameliorated the damage to LSECs and hepatocytes as well as reduced secretion of IL‐6, TNF‐α and inhibited platelet activation after HSCT, leading to improved liver function, suggesting EPCs might be a new therapeutic strategy in the prophylaxis of liver injury after HSCT.
Differences in malaria care seeking and dispensing outcomes for adults and children attending drug vendors in Nasarawa, Nigeria
Authors: Liu Jenny , Isiguzo Chinwoke , Sieverding Maia 
Published: April 2015

AbstractObjectivesTo characterise the differences in care seeking behaviour and dispensing outcomes between adults and children purchasing drugs for malaria at retail shops in Nigeria.MethodsIn Nasarawa State, retail drug shops were enumerated and a subset of those stocking antimalarials were selected as study sites and surveyed. Customers exiting shops after purchasing antimalarial drugs were surveyed and tested with a malaria rapid diagnostic test. Sick adults and caregivers accompanying sick children were eligible, but individuals purchasing drugs for a sick person that was not present were excluded. Multivariate regression analysis was used to identify the correlates of care seeking and the quality of interaction at the shop.ResultsOf 737 participants, 80% were adults and 20% were children (under age 18). Caregivers of sick children were more likely to obtain a prescription prior to attending a drug retailer than adults seeking care for themselves and waited a shorter time before seeking care. Caregivers of sick children were also more likely than sick adults to have been asked about symptoms by the retailer, to have been given an examination, and to have purchased an ACT. Fewer than half of respondents had purchased an ACT. Only 14% of adults, but 27% of children were RDT‐positive; RDT‐positive children were more likely to have had an ACT purchased for them than RDT‐positive adults.ConclusionsChildren with suspected malaria tend to receive better care at drug retailers than adults. The degree of overtreatment and prevalence of dispensing non‐recommended antimalarials emphasise the need for routine diagnosis before treatment to properly treat both malaria and non‐malaria illnesses.
In vitro study of platelet function confirms the contribution of the ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation in the lesions observed in riboflavin/UVB‐treated platelet concentrates
Authors: Abonnenc Mélanie , Sonego Giona , Crettaz David , Aliotta Alessandro , Prudent Michel , Tissot Jean‐Daniel , Lion Niels 
Published: April 2015

BACKGROUNDPlatelet inactivation technologies (PITs) have been shown to increase platelet storage lesions (PSLs). This study investigates amotosalen/ultraviolet (UV)A‐ and riboflavin/UVB‐induced platelet (PLT) lesions in vitro. Particular attention is given to the effect of UVB alone on PLTs.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSBuffy coat–derived PLT concentrates (PCs) were treated with amotosalen/UVA, riboflavin/UVB, or UVB alone and compared to untreated PCs throughout storage. In vitro PLT function was assessed by blood gas and metabolite analyses, flow cytometry–based assays (CD62P, JC‐1, annexin V, PAC‐1), hypotonic shock response, and static adhesion to fibrinogen‐coated wells.RESULTSIn our experimental conditions, riboflavin/UVB‐treated PCs showed the most pronounced differences compared to untreated and amotosalen/UVA‐treated PCs. The riboflavin/UVB treatment led to a significant increase of anaerobic glycolysis rate despite functional mitochondria, a significant increase of CD62P on Day 2, and a decrease of JC‐1 aggregates and increase of annexin V on Day 7. The expression of active GPIIbIIIa (PAC‐1) and the adhesion to fibrinogen was significantly increased from Day 2 of storage in riboflavin/UVB‐treated PCs. Importantly, we showed that these lesions were caused by the UVB radiation alone, independently of the presence of riboflavin.CONCLUSIONThe amotosalen/UVA‐treated PCs confirmed previously published results with a slight increase of PSLs compared to untreated PCs. Riboflavin/UVB‐treated PCs present significant in vitro PSLs compared to untreated PCs. These lesions are caused by the UVB radiation alone and probably involve the generation of reactive oxygen species. The impact of these observations on clinical use must be investigated.
The Active Magnetic Bearing Enables Optimum Damping of Flexible Rotor
Authors: Habermann Helmut , Brunet Maurice 
Published: April 2015

The active magnetic bearing is based on the use of forces created by a magnetic field to levitate the rotor without mechanical contact between the stationary and moving parts. A ferromagnetic ring fixed on the rotor “floats” in the magnetic fields generated by the electromagnets, which are mounted as two sets of opposing pairs. The current is transmitted to the electromagnetic coils through amplifiers.
The four electromagnets control the rotor’s position in response to the signals transmitted from the sensors. The rotor is maintained in equilibrium under the control of the electromagnetic forces. Its position is determined by means of sensors which continuously monitor any displacements through an electronic control system.
As in every control system, damping of the loop is provided by means of a phase advance command from one or more differenciating circuits of the position error signal.
The capability of modifying the electromagnetic force both in terms of amplitude and phase leads to the benefit of specific properties for the application, in particular:
- automatic balancing characterized by the rotation of the moving part around its main axis of inertia, and not around the axis of the bearings allowing operation without vibrations,
- adjustable damping of the suspension allowing easy passing of the critical speeds of the rotor,
- high and adjustable stiffness yielding maximum accuracy of rotor equilibrium position,
- permanent diagnosis of machine operation due to the knowledge of all rotation characteristics (speed, loads on the bearings, position of the rotation axis, eccentricity, out-of-balance, disturbance frequency).
Measurements of Low Level NOx Emission From a Cheng Cycle Gas Turbine
Authors: Chang Chung-Nan , Digumarthi Ramarao 
Published: April 2015

Mass steam injection into the combustor of a Cheng Cycle turbine can influence combustion characteristics and pollutant formation.
When using a Cheng Cycle system based on a Garrett 831 gas turbine liquid fuel, these influences were studied experimentally. Data obtained to date indicate that significant NOx reduction can be achieved without suffering combustion inefficiency or instability.
Cogeneration and Multiple Heat Recovery at a Plastics Manufacturing Facility
Authors: Davidse J. , van Ooststroom A. P. 
Published: April 2015

This paper describes the process of the integration of a cogeneration plant in a plastics manufacturing complex, which is being expanded.
It presents the background against which the decision to proceed was made, the alternatives considered, and some of the techniques utilized to obtain management approval.
It also describes the specific aspects of the cogeneration facility, fuels, heat recovery systems for thermal oil and medium pressure steam, the balancing between energy production and utilization in the complex and the control system for the optimization of the facility.
Also some energy typical aspects of connecting the generator to the public grid will be addressed.
Processing of Sintered Alpha SiC
Authors: Storm Roger S. 
Published: April 2015

The Carborundum Company has been involved in the manufacture of alpha SiC for close to 100 years. The historical usage of this material has been as a coarse grain for the abrasive industry. Several Carborundum manufacturing plants are in existence worldwide and each has a capacity of approximately 40,000 tons/year of SiC powder produced by the Acheson process in which a graphite electrode is encased in a mixture of sand (SiO2) and coke. After the mass is heated to 4000°C and allowed to cool, the crystalline SiC grain is obtained directly (Figure 1). A milling and classification procedure is then employed to produce the desired grain sizes.
In 1975, researchers at Carborundum discovered a process for making high density, high strength monolithic shapes of alpha SiC(1). This involved using a submicron sized powder blended with sintering aids (boron and carbon). The mixture is green compacted and heated to above 2000°C under inert gas at atmospheric pressure. A solid state grain boundary diffusion process results in a densification process with an accompanying linear shrinkage of approximately 18%, to produce a body with 95–99% of theoretical density (3.21 gm/cc), and properties which are of interest for engineering applications. The pressureless sintering allows the formation of complex geometries by a net shape process without grinding, thus, creating the potential for the economical production of precision components in high volume.
Ceramic Engine Components Under Commercial Production
Authors: Hamano Yoshiteru , Yamamoto Masahiro 
Published: April 2015

In the field of diesel engine components, ceramic glow plugs assisting quick start up of chamber diesel engines had been developed in September, 1981 and ceramic swirl chambers followed in commercialization in April, 1983. These ceramic components are currently under commercial production and are installed on passenger cars on the merket.
Silicon nitride (Si3N4) is the material of these components, and a lot of mass-production technique has firmly established in order to achieve competitive price and high durability in comparison with the conventional metal components.
Because of its excellent heating characteristics, ceramic glow plugs have eliminated the “waiting time” before the start-up of diesel engines. As the result, drivers can enjoy quick starting of engines as they can do with gasoline fueled vehicles. Ceramic swirl chambers could drastically reduce idling noise of diesel engines and remarkably improved starting performance in the cold climate operation.