bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retrospective Analysis of Cholera/Acute Watery Diarrhea Outbreaks in Ethiopia From 2001 To 2023: Incidence, Case Fatality Rate, and Seasonal and Multiyear Epidemic Patterns
Authors: Worku Demlie Yeshambel , Gedefaw Abel , Jeon Yeonji , Hailu Dejene , Getahun Tomas , Mogeni Ondari D , Mukasa David , Jang Geun Hyeog , Pak Gi Deok , Kim Deok Ryun , Getachew Edlawit Mesfin , Yeshitela Biruk , Ayele Abebe Samuyel , Edosa Moti , Wossen Mesfin , Teferi Mekonnen , Park Se Eun 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
The Ethiopian government has developed the multisectoral cholera elimination plan (NCP) with an aim of reducing cholera incidence and case fatality rate (CFR). To better understand and monitor the progress of this plan, a comprehensive review of national cholera epidemiology is needed.

Methods
Reported data on cholera/acute watery diarrhea (AWD) cases in the past 20 years were extracted from the Ethiopian Public Health Institute and World Health Organization databases. Descriptive statistics, Pearson χ2, and logistic regression analyses were conducted.

Results
From January 2001 to November 2023, a total of 215 205 cholera/AWD cases, 2355 deaths with a cumulative CFR of 1.10% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.092–1.095), and a mean annual incidence rate of 8.9/100 000 (95% CI, 6.5–11.3) were reported. Two major upsurges of cholera epidemics were found in the last two decades with mean attack rate (AR) of 20.57/100 000 in 2006–2010 and 14.83/100 000 in 2016–2020. Another resurgence of outbreaks occured in 2021–2023 (mean AR, 8.63/100 000). In 2015–2023, 54.0% (53 990/99 945) of cases were aged 15–44 years. National cholera CFR (3.13% [95% CI: 2.1–4.5]) was the highest in 2022. The 2015–2023 cumulative cholera CFR was different across regions: Benishangul Gumuz (6.07%), Gambela (1.89%), Sidama (1.42%), Southern Nation, Nationalities, and Peoples’ (1.34%), Oromia (1.10%), and Amhara (1.09%). Cholera/AWD patients in older adults (≥45 years), severe dehydration, peak rainy season (June–August), and outpatients were associated with higher risk of death.

Conclusions
Cholera has been a public health problem in Ethiopia with case fatalities still above the global target. Case management needs to be improved particularly in outpatients and older populations. Outbreak preparedness should be rolled out well in advance of the typical rainy seasons. Significant investments are essential to advance the cholera surveillance system at healthcare setting and community level. Underlying factors of cholera deaths per areas should be further investigated to guide appropriate interventions to meet the NCP target by 2028.
Immunogenicity, Safety, and Efficacy of a Tetravalent Dengue Vaccine in Children and Adolescents: An Analysis by Age Group
Authors: Borja-Tabora Charissa , Fernando LakKumar , Lopez Medina Eduardo , Reynales Humberto , Rivera Luis , Saez-Llorens Xavier , Sirivichayakul Chukiat , Yu Delia , Folschweiller Nicolas , Moss Kelley J , Rauscher Martina , Tricou Vianney , Zhao Yuan , Biswal Shibadas 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Dengue is an increasing threat to global health. This exploratory analysis evaluated the immunogenicity, safety, and vaccine efficacy (VE) of a live-attenuated tetravalent dengue vaccine (TAK-003) in participants enrolled in the phase 3 DEN-301 trial (NCT02747927), stratified by baseline age (4–5 years, 6–11 years, or 12–16 years).

Methods
Participants were randomized 2:1 to receive 2 doses of TAK-003, administered 3 months apart, or placebo. Dengue serostatus was evaluated at enrolment. VE against virologically confirmed dengue (VCD) and hospitalized VCD; immunogenicity (geometric mean titers [GMTs]); and safety were evaluated per age group through ∼4 years postvaccination.

Results
VE against VCD across serotypes was 43.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 25.3%, 57.3%) for 4–5 year-olds; 63.5% (95% CI: 56.9%, 69.1%) for 6–11 year-olds, and 67.7% (95% CI: 57.8%, 75.2%) for 12–16 year-olds. VE against hospitalized VCD was 63.8% (95% CI: 21.1%, 83.4%), 85.1% (95% CI: 77.1%, 90.3%), and 89.7% (95% CI: 77.9%, 95.2%), for the 3 age groups, respectively. GMTs remained elevated against all 4 serotypes for ∼4 years postvaccination, with no evident differences across age groups. No clear differences in safety by age were identified.

Conclusions
This exploratory analysis shows TAK-003 was efficacious in dengue prevention across age groups in children and adolescents 4–16 years of age living in dengue endemic areas. Relatively lower VE in 4–5 year-olds was potentially confounded by causative serotype distribution, small sample size, and VE by serotype, and should be considered in benefit-risk evaluations in this age group.
DrugRepoBank: a comprehensive database and discovery platform for accelerating drug repositioning
Authors: Huang Yixian , Dong Danhong , Zhang Wenyang , Wang Ruiting , Lin Yang-Chi-Dung , Zuo Huali , Huang Hsi-Yuan , Huang Hsien-Da 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In recent years, drug repositioning has emerged as a promising alternative to the time-consuming, expensive and risky process of developing new drugs for diseases. However, the current database for drug repositioning faces several issues, including insufficient data volume, restricted data types, algorithm inaccuracies resulting from the neglect of multidimensional or heterogeneous data, a lack of systematic organization of literature data associated with drug repositioning, limited analytical capabilities and user-unfriendly webpage interfaces. Hence, we have established the first all-encompassing database called DrugRepoBank, consisting of two main modules: the ‘Literature’ module and the ‘Prediction’ module. The ‘Literature’ module serves as the largest repository of literature-supported drug repositioning data with experimental evidence, encompassing 169 repositioned drugs from 134 articles from 1 January 2000 to 1 July 2023. The ‘Prediction’ module employs 18 efficient algorithms, including similarity-based, artificial-intelligence-based, signature-based and network-based methods to predict repositioned drug candidates. The DrugRepoBank features an interactive and user-friendly web interface and offers comprehensive functionalities such as bioinformatics analysis of disease signatures. When users provide information about a drug, target or disease of interest, DrugRepoBank offers new indications and targets for the drug, proposes new drugs that bind to the target or suggests potential drugs for the queried disease. Additionally, it provides basic information about drugs, targets or diseases, along with supporting literature. We utilize three case studies to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of predictively repositioned drugs within DrugRepoBank. The establishment of the DrugRepoBank database will significantly accelerate the pace of drug repositioning.
Database URL: https://awi.cuhk.edu.cn/DrugRepoBank
Long-term outcome after the Ross procedure in 173 adults with up to 25 years of follow-up
Authors: Van Hoof Lucas , Rooyackers Bert , Schuermans Art , Duponselle Jolien , Van De Bruaene Alexander , De Meester Pieter , Troost Els , Meuris Bart , Budts Werner , Gewillig Marc , Flameng Willem , Daenen Willem , Meyns Bart , Verbrugghe Peter , Rega Filip 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The potential risk of autograft dilatation and homograft stenosis after the Ross procedure mandates lifelong follow-up. This retrospective cohort study aimed to determine long-term outcome of the Ross procedure, investigating autograft and homograft failure patterns leading to reintervention.

METHODS
All adults who underwent the Ross procedure between 1991 and 2018 at the University Hospitals Leuven were included, with follow-up data collected retrospectively. Autograft implantation was performed using the full root replacement technique. The primary end-point was long-term survival. Secondary end-points were survival free from any reintervention, autograft or homograft reintervention-free survival, and evolution of autograft diameter, homograft gradient and aortic regurgitation grade over time.

RESULTS
A total of 173 adult patients (66% male) with a median age of 32 years (range 18–58 years) were included. External support at both the annulus and sinotubular junction was used in 38.7% (67/173). Median follow-up duration was 11.1 years (IQR, 6.4–15.9; 2065 patient-years) with 95% follow-up completeness. There was one (0.6%) perioperative death. Kaplan–Meier estimate for 15-year survival was 91.1% and Ross-related reintervention-free survival was 75.7% (autograft: 83.5%, homograft: 85%). Regression analyses demonstrated progressive neoaortic root dilatation (0.56 mm/year) and increase in homograft gradient (0.72 mmHg/year).

CONCLUSIONS
The Ross procedure has the potential to offer excellent long-term survival and reintervention-free survival. These long-term data further confirm that the Ross procedure is a suitable option in young adults with aortic valve disease which should be considered on an individual basis.
Safety of treating acute pulmonary embolism at home: an individual patient data meta-analysis
Authors: Luijten Dieuwke , Douillet Delphine , Luijken Kim , Tromeur Cecile , Penaloza Andrea , Hugli Olivier , Aujesky Drahomir , Barco Stefano , Bledsoe Joseph R , Chang Kyle E , Couturaud Francis , den Exter Paul L , Font Carme , Huisman Menno V , Jimenez David , Kabrhel Christopher , Kline Jeffrey A , Konstantinides Stavros , van Mens Thijs , Otero Remedios , Peacock W Frank , Sanchez Olivier , Stubblefield William B , Valerio Luca , Vinson David R , Wells Philip , van Smeden Maarten , Roy Pierre-Marie , Klok Frederikus A 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Home treatment is considered safe in acute pulmonary embolism (PE) patients selected by a validated triage tool (e.g. simplified PE severity index score or Hestia rule), but there is uncertainty regarding the applicability in underrepresented subgroups. The aim was to evaluate the safety of home treatment by performing an individual patient-level data meta-analysis.

Methods
Ten prospective cohort studies or randomized controlled trials were identified in a systematic search, totalling 2694 PE patients treated at home (discharged within 24 h) and identified by a predefined triage tool. The 14- and 30-day incidences of all-cause mortality and adverse events (combined endpoint of recurrent venous thromboembolism, major bleeding, and/or all-cause mortality) were evaluated. The relative risk (RR) for 14- and 30-day mortalities and adverse events is calculated in subgroups using a random effects model.

Results
The 14- and 30-day mortalities were 0.11% [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.0–0.24, I2 = 0) and 0.30% (95% CI 0.09–0.51, I2 = 0). The 14- and 30-day incidences of adverse events were 0.56% (95% CI 0.28–0.84, I2 = 0) and 1.2% (95% CI 0.79–1.6, I2 = 0). Cancer was associated with increased 30-day mortality [RR 4.9; 95% prediction interval (PI) 2.7–9.1; I2 = 0]. Pre-existing cardiopulmonary disease, abnormal troponin, and abnormal (N-terminal pro–)B-type natriuretic peptide [(NT-pro)BNP] at presentation were associated with an increased incidence of 14-day adverse events [RR 3.5 (95% PI 1.5–7.9, I2 = 0), 2.5 (95% PI 1.3–4.9, I2 = 0), and 3.9 (95% PI 1.6–9.8, I2 = 0), respectively], but not mortality. At 30 days, cancer, abnormal troponin, and abnormal (NT-pro)BNP were associated with an increased incidence of adverse events [RR 2.7 (95% PI 1.4–5.2, I2 = 0), 2.9 (95% PI 1.5–5.7, I2 = 0), and 3.3 (95% PI 1.6–7.1, I2 = 0), respectively].

Conclusions
The incidence of adverse events in home-treated PE patients, selected by a validated triage tool, was very low. Patients with cancer had a three- to five-fold higher incidence of adverse events and death. Patients with increased troponin or (NT-pro)BNP had a three-fold higher risk of adverse events, driven by recurrent venous thromboembolism and bleeding.
Pulmonary vein isolation using pulsed field ablation vs. high-power short-duration radiofrequency ablation in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: efficacy, safety, and long-term follow-up (PRIORI study)
Authors: Reinsch Nico , Füting Anna , Hartl Stefan , Höwel Dennis , Rausch Eva , Lin Yali , Kasparian Karampet , Neven Kars 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Aims
Pulsed field ablation (PFA) is a novel, non-thermal, cardiac tissue-selective ablation modality. To date, radiofrequency (RF)-guided high-power short-duration (HPSD) ablation represents the gold standard besides cryo-ablation for pulmonary vein isolation (PVI). This single-centre, retrospective study investigated the efficacy of PFA-PVI vs. HPSD-RF PVI in terms of single-procedure arrhythmia-free outcome and safety in a real-world setting.

Methods and results
Consecutive, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) patients who underwent PVI using PFA or HPSD-RF were enrolled. In group PFA, PVI was performed using a pentaspline PFA catheter. The ablation procedure in group HPSD-RF was performed with RF energy (45 W, ablation index). A total of 410 patients (group PFA, 201; group HPSD-RF, 209) were included. There was no difference between both groups regarding age, gender, and CHA2DS2-VASc score. The procedure time was significantly shorter in group PFA [61 (44–103) vs. 125 (105–143) min; P &lt; 0.001]; fluoroscopy time and dose area product were significantly higher in group PFA [16 (13–20) vs. 4 (2–5) min; P &lt; 0.01 and 412 (270–739) vs. 129 (58–265) μGym2; P &lt; 0.01]. The overall complication rates were 2.9% in group PFA and 6.2% in group HPSD (P = 0.158). There was one fatal stroke in the PFA group. The 1-year Kaplan–Meier estimated freedom from any atrial tachyarrhythmia was 85% with PFA and 79% with HPSD-RF (log-rank P = 0.160). In 56 repeat ablation procedures, the PV reconnection rate was 30% after PFA and 38% after HPSD-RF (P = 0.372).

Conclusion
Both PFA and HPSD-RF were highly efficient and effective in achieving PVI in paroxysmal AF patients. The arrhythmia-free survival is comparable. The PV reconnection rate was not different.
Guidelines to practice in hospitals at home: safe and effective continuous infusion pumps substantially increased penicillin use in erysipelas treatment
Authors: Metsä-Simola Niina , Saarenketo Jenni , Lehtonen Henri , Broman Niklas , Häggblom Tony , Björklöf Pia , Sariola Salla , Valta Maija P 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Hospitals at home are increasingly offering outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) in an attempt to reduce costly inpatient care, but these settings favour broad-spectrum antibiotics that require less frequent dosing than penicillin. Benzyl penicillin could be delivered via continuous infusion pumps (eCIPs), but studies on their safety and efficacy in OPAT are scarce, and it remains unclear how much the availability of eCIPs increases penicillin use in real-life settings. We examined 462 electronic healthcare records of erysipelas patients treated between January 2018 and January 2022 in a large Finnish OPAT clinic. Average marginal effects from logistic models were estimated to assess how the introduction of eCIPs in December 2020 affected penicillin use and to compare clinical outcomes between patients with and without eCIPs. Introduction of eCIPs increased the predicted probability of penicillin treatment by 36.0 percentage points (95% confidence interval 25.5–46.5). During eCIP implementation, patients who received an eCIP had 73.1 (58.0–88.2) percentage points higher probability than patients without an eCIP to receive penicillin treatment. They also had about 20 percentage points higher probability to be cured at the time of discharge and 3 months after it. Patient and nurse satisfaction regarding eCIPs was very high. Benzyl penicillin eCIP treatment is effective and safe, and substantially increases the use of penicillin instead of broad-spectrum antibiotics. To reduce the risk of antimicrobial resistance, eCIPs could increasingly be promoted for use in OPAT clinics, and there should be adequate education and support in their implementation.
Longitudinal Changes in a Claims-Based Frailty Proxy Measure Compared to Concurrent Changes in the Fried Frailty Phenotype
Authors: Duchesneau Emilie D , Kim Dae Hyun , Stürmer Til , Reeder-Hayes Katherine , Edwards Jessie K , Faurot Keturah R , Lund Jennifer L 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Frailty is a dynamic aging-related syndrome, but measuring frailty transitions is challenging. The Faurot frailty index is a validated Medicare claims-based frailty proxy based on demographic and billing information. We evaluated whether 3-year changes in the Faurot frailty index were consistent with concurrent changes in the frailty phenotype in a cohort of older adults.

Methods
We used longitudinal data from the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) with Medicare claims linkage (2010–2018). We identified older adults (66+ years) in the 2011 and 2015 NHATS cohorts with at least 1 year of Medicare fee-for-service continuous enrollment (N = 6 951). We described annual changes in mean claims-based frailty for up to 3 years, based on concurrent transitions in the frailty phenotype.

Results
At baseline, 32% were robust, 48% prefrail, and 19% frail based on the frailty phenotype. Mean claims-based frailty for older adults who were robust at baseline and worsened to frail increased over 3 years (0.09–0.25). Similarly, those who worsened from prefrail to frail experienced an increase in mean claims-based frailty (0.14–0.26). Improvements in the frailty phenotype did not correspond to decreases in claims-based frailty. Older adults whose frailty phenotype improved over time had a lower baseline claims-based frailty score than those who experienced stable or worsening frailty.

Conclusions
Older adults who experienced a frailty phenotype worsening over 3 years experienced concurrent increases in the Faurot frailty index. Our results suggest that claims data may be used to identify clinically meaningful worsening in frailty.
Long-term Trajectories of Low Back Pain in Older Men: A Prospective Cohort Study With 10-Year Analysis of the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study
Authors: McNaughton David T , Roseen Eric J , Patel Sheena , Downie Aron , Øverås Cecilie K , Nim Casper , Harsted Steen , Jenkins Hazel , Young James J , Hartvigsen Jan , Wong Jessica J , Stone Katie L , Ensrud Kristine E , Lee Soomi , Cawthon Peggy M , Fink Howard A 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Although low back pain (LBP) may persist or recur over time, few studies have evaluated the individual course of LBP over a long-term period, particularly among older adults. Based on data from the longitudinal Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study, we aimed to identify and describe different LBP trajectories in older men and characterize members in each trajectory group. A total of 5 976 community-dwelling men (mean age = 74.2) enrolled at 6 U.S. sites were analyzed. Participants self-reported LBP (yes/no) every 4 months for a maximum of 10 years. Latent class growth modeling was performed to identify unique LBP trajectory groups that explained variation in the LBP data. The association of baseline characteristics with trajectory group membership was assessed using univariable and multivariable multinominal logistic regression. A 5-class solution was chosen; no/rare LBP (n = 2 442/40.9%), low frequency-stable LBP (n = 1 040/17.4%), low frequency-increasing LBP (n = 719/12%), moderate frequency-decreasing LBP (n = 745/12.5%), and high frequency-stable LBP (n = 1 030/17.2%). History of falls (OR = 1.52), history of LBP (OR = 6.37), higher physical impairment (OR = 1.51–2.85), and worse psychological function (OR = 1.41–1.62) at baseline were all associated with worse LBP trajectory groups in this sample of older men. These findings present an opportunity for targeted interventions and/or management to older men with worse or increasing LBP trajectories and associated modifiable risk factors to reduce the impact of LBP and improve quality of life.
Mechanical Property, Efficacy, and User Experience of an Innovative Wearable Device in Preventing Fall-Induced Injuries
Authors: Hu Kaixin , Guan Zhongyang , He Zhijie , Luo Siran , Fang Hongbin , Zhang Yan , Ding Li , Xu Ying , Jiang Liuya , Fu Conghui , Zhao Xiaoqing , Jia Jie , Wu Chenkai 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background and Objectives
With the global population aging at an unprecedented pace, the imminent surge in falls and fall-induced injuries necessitates urgent attention. Innovative assistive technologies are crucial in addressing this daunting challenge. This study aimed to evaluate the mechanical properties, efficacy, safety, and user experience of the Intelligent Bone Protection Vest (IBPV), a novel, reusable, non-airbag wearable device.

Research Design and Methods
The IBPV integrates a machine learning-based algorithm for real-time monitoring of wearer motion and a unique honeycomb-structured foldable cushion for fall impact attenuation. We evaluated the impact attenuation capabilities of the IBPV and conducted 2 human subject studies to assess its efficacy and safety. Additionally, semistructured interviews were conducted to qualitatively explore its usability, safety, and opportunities for enhancement.

Results
The compression tests confirmed the energy absorption capacity of the honeycomb-structured foldable cushion. In over 800 fall tests involving 14 young and middle-aged subjects using a touchdown fall test, as well as 7 older subjects using a novel fall simulation test, the IBPV demonstrated an overall protection rate exceeding 84%.

Discussion and Implications
These results underscored the potential of the IBPV in reducing fall-induced injuries by mitigating the impact force on the hip during falls. Future studies with more rigorous design are needed to confirm whether this active wearable device may serve as a dependable fall protection product.
Multivariate variational mode decomposition to extract the stripe noise in GRACE harmonic coefficients
Authors: Jian Guangyu , Zou Fang , Xu Chuang , Yan Zhengwen 
Published: July 2024

SUMMARY
In this work, a novel method has been developed to remove the north–south stripe noise in the Level-2 spherical harmonic coefficient products collected by the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission. The proposed method extracts the stripe noise from the equivalent water height (EWH) map via the Multivariate Variational Mode Decomposition algorithm. The idea behind our method is to extract the cofrequency mode in multiple-channel series in the longitude direction. The parameters of our method are empirically determined. The investigation in a closed-loop simulation proves the improvement of our methods compared with the Singular Spectrum Analysis Spatial (SSAS) filter. Subsequently, the spatial-domain and spectral-domain investigations are conducted by using real GRACE data. Our method only suppresses stripe noise at low latitudes (30°S–30°N) and imposes an order-dependent impact on spherical harmonic coefficients but with potential oversmoothing. Meanwhile, the well-documented water level proves that our method further reduces outliers in a time-series of localized mass variations compared with the SSAS filter. More importantly, users are allowed to reduce the filtering strength of our method to preserve small-scale strong signals while suppressing stripe noise. Moreover, noise levels over the ocean at low latitudes are evaluated as well. The noise level of our method using empirical parameters is 32.48 mm of EWH, with 31.54 and 53.52 mm for DDK6 and SSAS, respectively. Our work introduces a novel method to address the issue of north–south stripe noise in the spatial domain.