bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chasing shadows: What determines DTI metrics in gray matter regions? An in vitro and in vivo study
Authors: Rulseh Aaron M. , Keller Jiří , Tintěra Jaroslav , Kožíšek Milan , Vymazal Josef 
Published: February 2013

PurposeTo characterize the relationship between superparamagnetic ferritin‐bound iron and diffusion tensor scalars in vitro, and validate the results in vivo.Materials and MethodsThe in vitro model consisted of a series of 40‐mL 1.1% agarose gels doped with ferritin covering and exceeding those concentrations normally found within healthy human gray matter. Additionally, regions of interest were placed in the caudate, putamen, and globus pallidus of 29 healthy volunteer subjects 19–80 years of age. Carr‐Purcell‐Meiboom‐Gill sequence (CPMG) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data were collected at 1.5 Tesla (T) and 3T in vitro, and at 1.5T in vivo.ResultsIn vitro, linear relationships were observed between ferritin‐bound iron concentration, R2 (1/T2) and 1/SNR. Eigenvalue repulsion with increasing R2 (decreasing SNR) was reflected in an artifactual increase of fractional anisotropy. In vivo, similar relationships were observed, with mean diffusivity also decreasing linearly with increasing R2. Lambda 3 showed the strongest correlation with R2 both in vitro and in vivo.ConclusionThe observation that DTI metrics correlate with ferritin‐bound iron is an important consideration in the design and interpretation of studies exploring the diffusion characteristics of gray matter regions, especially in studies focused on adolescence as well as diseases associated with altered brain‐iron load such as pantothenate kinase‐associated neurodegeneration, Huntington disease and multiple system atrophy. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;38:1103–1110. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Relationships between hypercarbic reactivity, cerebral blood flow, and arterial circulation times in patients with moyamoya disease
Authors: Donahue Manus J. , Ayad Michael , Moore Ryan , van Osch Matthias , Singer Robert , Clemmons Paul , Strother Megan 
Published: February 2013

PurposeTo evaluate the correlation between angiographic measures of Moyamoya disease and tissue‐level impairment from measurements of tissue perfusion and cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR).Materials and MethodsThe relationship between perfusion‐weighted arterial spin labeling (ASL) and hypercarbic blood oxygenation‐level dependent (BOLD) CVR and time‐to‐peak (TTP) were compared with angiographically measured risk factors, including arterial circulation time (ACT) and modified Suzuki Score (mSS) in patients (n = 15) with Moyamoya disease.ResultsHemodynamic contrasts provided information not apparent from structural or angiographic imaging. Mean z‐statistics demonstrate that BOLD is significantly (P = 0.017) higher in low mSS hemispheres (z‐statistic = 5.0 ± 2.5) compared with high mSS hemispheres (z‐statistic = 3.7 ± 1.7), suggesting that regions with less advanced stages of Moyamoya disease have higher reactivity. After correcting for multiple comparisons, a strong trend for a direct relationship (R = 0.38; P = 0.03) between BOLD TTP and ACT was observed, and a significant inverse relationship between CBF and ACT (R = −0.47; P = 0.01) was found, demonstrating that BOLD and ASL contrasts reflect DSA measures of vascular compromise in Moyamoya disease, albeit with different sensitivity.ConclusionCorrelative measures between angiography and hemodynamic methods suggest that BOLD and ASL could be used for expanding the diagnostic imaging infrastructure in Moyamoya patients and potentially tracking tissue response to revascularization. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;38:1129–1139. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Identification of chondrocyte‐binding peptides by phage display
Authors: Cheung Crystal S.F. , Lui Julian C. , Baron Jeffrey 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTAs an initial step toward targeting cartilage tissue for potential therapeutic applications, we sought cartilage‐binding peptides using phage display, a powerful technology for selection of peptides that bind to molecules of interest. A library of phage displaying random 12‐amino acid peptides was iteratively incubated with cultured chondrocytes to select phage that bind cartilage. The resulting phage clones demonstrated increased affinity to chondrocytes by ELISA, when compared to a wild‐type, insertless phage. Furthermore, the selected phage showed little preferential binding to other cell types, including primary skin fibroblast, myocyte and hepatocyte cultures, suggesting a tissue‐specific interaction. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that the selected phage bound chondrocytes themselves and the surrounding extracellular matrix. FITC‐tagged peptides were synthesized based on the sequence of cartilage‐binding phage clones. These peptides, but not a random peptide, bound cultured chondrocytes, and extracelluar matrix. In conclusion, using phage display, we identified peptide sequences that specifically target chondrocytes. We anticipate that such peptides may be coupled to therapeutic molecules to provide targeted treatment for cartilage disorders. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31:1053–1058, 2013
Sheep model for osteoporosis: Sustainability and biomechanical relevance of low turnover osteoporosis induced by hypothalamic–pituitary disconnection
Authors: Oheim Ralf , Beil Frank Timo , Köhne Till , Wehner Tim , Barvencik Florian , Ignatius Anita , Amling Michael , Clarke Iain J. , Pogoda Pia 
Published: February 2013

AbstractHypothalamo‐pituitary disconnection (HPD) leads to low bone turnover and osteoporosis in sheep. To determine the sustainability of bone loss and its biomechanical relevance, we studied HPD‐sheep 24 months after surgery (HPD + OVX‐24) in comparison to untreated control (Control), ovariectomized sheep (OVX), and sheep 12 months after HPD (HPD + OVX‐12). We performed histomorphometric, HR‐pQCT, and qBEI analyses, as well as biomechanical testing of all ewes studied. Twenty‐four months after HPD, histomorphometric analyses of the iliac crest showed a significant reduction of BV/TV by 60% in comparison to Control. Cortical thickness of the femora measured by HR‐pQCT did not change between 12 and 24 months after HPD but remained decreased by 30%. These structural changes were caused by a persisting depression of osteoblast and osteoclast cellular activity. Biomechanical testing of the femora showed a significant reduction of bending strength, whereas calcium content and distribution was found to be unchanged. In conclusion, HPD surgery leads to a persisting low turnover status with negative turnover balance in sheep followed by dramatic cortical and trabecular bone loss with consequent biomechanical impairment. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31:1067–1074, 2013
Characterization of microcrystals in some ancient glass beads from china by means of confocal Raman microspectroscopy
Authors: Zhao H.X. , Li Q.H. , Liu S. , Gan F.X. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA total of ten ancient colored glass beads were analyzed by confocal Raman microspectroscopy for the non‐destructive identification of microcrystals within them. These beads were excavated from different regions of China, including Xinjiang, Henan, Hubei and Guangxi Provinces, and were dated mainly from the 10th century BC to the 9th century AD. For the first time, either tin or antimony‐based opacifiers/colorants including calcium antimonate (CaSb2O6, Ca2Sb2O7), bindheimite (Pb2Sb2O7), lead tin yellow type II (PbSn1‐xSixO3) and cassiterite (SnO2) were identified in nine samples. In addition, other crystalline phases such as cuprite (Cu2O), α‐wollastonite (CaSiO3), diopside (CaMgSi2O6), feldspar (KAlSi3O8), calcite (CaCO3) and quartz (SiO2) were also detected. Another interesting phenomenon first observed in this study was the coexistence of Sn‐ and Sb‐based opacifiers/colorants in one mosaic bead from Guangxi. The possibility to use Sb‐ and Sn‐based opacifiers/colorants for dating and provenance study of ancient glass found in China is discussed briefly. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Habitat selection in translocated gregarious ungulate species: An interplay between sociality and ecological requirements
Authors: Scillitani Laura , Darmon Gaëlle , Monaco Andrea , Cocca Giampaolo , Sturaro Enrico , Rossi Luca , Ramanzin Maurizio 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe adaptation of translocated organisms to a new environment in the first years after their release is crucial in translocation programs because it may affect survival and reproductive success. Therefore, identifying the factors determining resource selection by the relocated animals is essential to improve the planning and the outcome of such programs. Using data collected in 2006–2009 in the framework of a restocking program, we studied the temporal variation of habitat selection in 14 translocated Alpine ibex (Capra ibex) during the year of their release and the following 3 years. We hypothesized a progressive adaptation of the translocated individuals, highlighted by a gradual decrease in the dissimilarities between translocated and resident individuals in ecological characteristics and social behavior. We tested the differences in habitat selection and home range size between the translocated and resident individuals and compared the spatial overlap between the groups. As expected, the dissimilarities decreased annually. The translocated and resident ibex almost immediately selected the same habitat resources, but the translocated individuals required 3 years to become fully socially assimilated. Our results indicated that habitat selection by gregarious species in a new environment is primarily driven by specific ecological requirements and that sociality plays a significant role. The translocated individuals tended to colonize areas already occupied by residents, either to fulfill social requirements and/or because the location of resident individuals may indicate high‐quality habitat. This pattern of behavior must be considered in the planning of translocation programs because habitat selection can affect the outcomes of the programs. © 2013 The Wildlife Society.
Endoluminal laser delivery mode and wavelength effects on varicose veins in an Ex vivo model
Authors: Massaki Ane B.M.N. , Kiripolsky Monika G. , Detwiler Susan P. , Goldman Mitchel P. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesEndovenous laser ablation (EVLA) has been shown to be effective for the elimination of saphenous veins and associated reflux. Mechanism is known to be heat related, but precise way in which heat causes vein ablation is not completely known. This study aimed to determine the effects of various endovenous laser wavelengths and delivery modes on ex vivo human vein both macroscopically and microscopically. We also evaluated whether protected‐tip fibers, consisting of prototype silica fibers with a metal tube over the distal end, reduced vein wall perforations compared with non‐protected‐tip fibers.Materials and MethodsAn ex vivo EVLA model with human veins harvested during ambulatory phlebectomy procedures was used. Six laser fiber combinations were tested: 810 nm continuous wave (CW) diode laser with a flat tip fiber, 810 CW diode laser with a protected tip fiber, 1,320 nm pulsed Nd:YAG laser, 1,310 nm CW diode laser, 1,470 nm CW diode laser, and 2,100 nm pulsed Ho:YAG laser.ResultsPerforation or full thickness necrosis of a portion of the vein wall was observed in 5/11 (45%), 0/11 (0%), 3/22 (14%), 7/11 (64%), 4/6 (67%), and 5/10 (50%) of cross‐sections of veins treated with the 810 nm CW diode laser with a flat tip fiber, the 810 CW diode laser with a protected tip fiber, the 1,320 nm pulsed Nd:YAG laser, the 1,310 nm CW diode laser, the 1,470 nm CW diode laser, and the 2,100 nm pulsed Ho:YAG laser, respectively.ConclusionOur results have shown that the delivery mode, pulsed Nd:YAG versus CW, may be just as important as the wavelength. Therefore, the 1,310 nm CW laser may not be equivalent to the 1,320 nm pulsed laser. In addition, protected 810 nm fibers may be less likely to yield wall perforations than their non‐protected counterparts. Lasers Surg. Med. 45: 123–129, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Linking Sources of Consumer Confusion to Decision Satisfaction: The Role of Choice Goals
Authors: Wang Qing , Shukla Paurav 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTPrevious empirical research on the relationship between consumer confusion and customer satisfaction has largely neglected the role of choice goals. In a context of technologically complex products, the authors analyze the effect of selected choice goals on the consumer confusion‐decision satisfaction link. The empirical findings, which are based on a field study of smart phone users, show that different sources of confusion have distinctive effects on choice goals, which in turn influence decision satisfaction. For example, while confusion caused by ambiguous information and choice overload is found to reduce choice confidence, perceived attribute similarity between products or brands increases choice confidence. Among the choice goals, evaluation costs and negative affect are found to increase decision satisfaction. The findings have important implications for marketers and consumer policymakers in terms of marketing communication and customer satisfaction.
From “Lemons” to Lemonade: Lessening the Impact of Adverse Selection through Buyer Trust
Authors: Gray Gordon T. , Wert‐Gray Stacia , Carlon Donna 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTThis research extends overlapping streams of research examining asymmetric information, adverse selection, and buyer trust by presenting an empirical investigation of the process by which a market for “lemons” emerges in the claiming market for thoroughbred racehorses. The study focuses attention on the potential of quality signals and buyer trust to lessen the impact of adverse selection. Incorporating concepts from economics, marketing, and psychology, a conceptual model suggests that adversely selected racehorses, distinguished by an unintentional signal from sellers to potential buyers, will be priced lower than otherwise similar racehorses perceived to be less subject to adverse selection. Data from one day of claiming races at 16 American racetracks (744 racehorses) are used to test this study hypothesis. Results provide evidence for adverse selection and a mitigating quality signal in the thoroughbred claiming market. Implications for buyers and sellers in this market, as well as more general implications, are discussed and an avenue for future research is proposed.
The Effects of Following Islam in Decisions about Taboo Products
Authors: Muhamad Nazlida , Mizerski Dick 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTThis study tests the role of consumers’ religious motivation (intrinsic and extrinsic) in their decision making regarding the consumption of a prohibited brand or product category because of a religious declaration called Fatwa. Despite numerous studies on the effects of religion in consumers’ marketplace behaviors, little is known of about consumers’ decision making under a religious ruling like Fatwa. A Fatwa is a decree issued by religious scholars for Muslim communities. A survey based on the Theory of Planned Behavior asked young adult Muslims about their responses to a brand, and two product categories that were subject to Fatwa. The data concerning the respondents’ decision making were analyzed using structural equation modeling to test hypotheses based on the available literature. The analyses found that the respondents’ motivation in following Islamic teachings had the greatest effects in their deciding to smoke, listen to contentious popular music, but was not relevant for buying the Coca Cola brand. The results are discussed in terms of the study's theoretical contributions, managerial implications, and future research.
Objective qualitative and quantitative assessment of blood flow with near‐infrared angiography in microvascular anastomoses in the rat model
Authors: Mücke Thomas , Reeps Christian , Wolff Klaus‐Dietrich , Mitchell David A. , Fichter Andreas M. , Scholz Martin 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIntraoperative near‐infrared indocyanine‐green (ICG) angiography enables the visualization of microvascular perfusion and may help in the early detection of complications. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether the effect of microvascular stenoses can be quantitatively assessed by analysis of ICG‐angiography in a microvascular model. Graded stenoses and total vessel occlusion of the carotid, aorta, and femoral arteries were created in 25 Wistar rats. Stenoses were graded to reduce arterial flow by 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of baseline flow as measured by transit‐time flowmeter analyzing the emission signal of the ICG detected and investigated by the mathematical software tool (FLOW 800). ICG angiography was performed to assess vessel perfusion and flow curves were analyzed and correlated with the stenosis rate. A total of 576 investigations were performed. The area under the curve (P < 0.001), first and second maximum (P < 0.001), and the maximum slope to the first maximum (P < 0.001) were found to be of high prognostic value in evaluating the different flow patterns. Differences were displayed in comparisons by the maximum intensity of the ICG‐concentrations. The maximum slope to the second maximum was found to be predictive in selected vessel types, and specific changes of the flow curve were found to indicate compromised vascular flow. The FLOW 800 tool applied for ICG angiography has shown to be a quick and reliable method for assessing blood flow in vessels in this study. The dynamic assessment of the ICG signal allows reliable identification of microanastomotic complications with the described parameters. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery, 2013.
Distribution and association of mTOR with its cofactors, raptor and rictor, in cumulus cells and oocytes during meiotic maturation in mice
Authors: Kogasaka Yuhei , Hoshino Yumi , Hiradate Yuuki , Tanemura Kentaro , Sato Eimei 
Published: February 2013

AbstractMammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a Ser/Thr protein kinase, is the catalytic component of two distinct signaling complexes, mTOR‐raptor complex (mTORC1) and mTOR‐rictor complex (mTORC2). Recently, studies have demonstrated mitosis‐specific roles for mTORC1, but the functions and expression dynamics of mTOR complexes during meiotic maturation remain unclear. In the present study, to evaluate the roles of respective mTOR complexes in maternal meiosis and compare them with those in mitosis, we sought to elucidate the spatiotemporal immunolocalization of mTOR, the kinase‐active Ser2448‐ and Ser2481‐phosphorylated mTOR, and raptor and rictor during cumulus‐cell mitosis and oocyte meiotic maturation in mice. mTOR principally accumulated around the chromosomes and on the spindle. Phosphorylated mTOR (Ser2448 and Ser2481) exhibited elevated fluorescence intensities in the cytoplasm and punctate localization adjacent to the chromosomes, on the spindle poles, and on the midbody during mitotic and meiotic maturation, suggesting functional homology of mTOR between the two cell division systems, despite their mechanistically distinctive spindles. Raptor colocalized with mTOR during both types of cell division, indicating that mTORC1 is predominantly associated with these events. Mitotic rictor uniformly distributed through the cytoplasm, and meiotic rictor localized around the spindle poles of metaphase‐I oocytes, suggesting functional divergence of mTORC2 between mitosis and female meiosis. Based on the general function of mTORC2 in the organization of the actin cytoskeleton, we propose that mTORC1 controls spindle function during mitosis and meiosis, while mTORC2 contributes to actin‐dependent asymmetric division during meiotic maturation in mice. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 80: 334–348, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Polyunsaturated fatty acid derived signaling in reproduction and development: Insights from Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Vrablik Tracy L. , Watts Jennifer L. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractPolyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) exhibit a diverse range of critical functions in biological systems. PUFAs modulate the biophysical properties of membranes and, along with their derivatives, the eicosanoids and endocannabinoids, form a wide array potent lipid signaling molecules. Much of our early understanding of PUFAs and PUFA‐derived signaling stems from work in mammals; however, technological advances have made comprehensive lipid analysis possible in small genetic models such as Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster. These models have a number of advantages, such as simple anatomy and genome‐wide genetic screening techniques, which can broaden our understanding of fatty‐acid‐derived signaling in biological systems. Here we review what is known about PUFAs, eicosanoids, and endocannabinoids in the development and reproduction of C. elegans and D. melanogaster. Fatty acid signaling appears to be fundamental for multicellular organisms, and simple invertebrates often employ functionally similar pathways. In particular, studies in C. elegans and Drosophila are providing insight into the roles of PUFAs and PUFA‐derived signaling in early developmental processes, such as meiosis, fertilization, and early embryonic cleavage. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 80: 244–259, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Very small embryonic‐like cells: Biology and function of these potential endogenous pluripotent stem cells in adult tissues
Authors: Kassmer Susannah H. , Krause Diane S. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractVery small embryonic‐like cells (VSELs), found in murine bone marrow and other adult tissues, are small, non‐hematopoietic cells expressing markers of pluripotent embryonic and primordial germ cells. A similar cell type in humans has begun to be characterized, though with a slightly different phenotype and surface markers. Consistent with expression of pluripotency genes, murine VSELs differentiate into cell types from three germ‐layer lineages in vitro, though pluripotency has yet to be shown at the single‐cell level or in vivo. VSELs appear to be quiescent under steady state conditions, apparently due to partially erased imprinting and overexpression of cell cycle inhibitory genes. In vivo, VSELs can enter the cell cycle under stress conditions, but which factors regulate quiescence versus proliferation and self‐renewal versus differentiation are as yet unknown, and in vitro conditions that induce proliferation and self‐renewal have yet to be defined. Future experiments are needed to address whether a VSEL niche actively regulates quiescence in vivo or quiescence is cell autonomous under steady state conditions. Insights into these mechanisms may help to address whether or not VSELs could play a role in regenerative medicine in the future. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 80:677–690, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.