bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
History of a suspected delirium is more common in dementia with Lewy bodies than Alzheimer's disease: a retrospective study
Authors: Vardy Emma , Holt Rachel , Gerhard Alex , Richardson Anna , Snowden Julie , Neary David 
Published: May 2013

BackgroundDelirium is common and is associated with an increased risk of dementia. However, it is not clear whether delirium confers increased risk of any particular type of dementia. We performed a retrospective study of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) to ascertain whether a suspected episode of preceding delirium was more common prior to diagnosis in either type of dementia.MethodsThe study was carried out in a tertiary referral unit for the diagnosis of dementia. Clinic letters from the first presentation to the unit of 85 cases with DLB and 95 cases of AD were reviewed for documentation of any previous episodes of suspected delirium.ResultsIn this study, 25% of DLB cases had at least one reported episode of suspected delirium as compared to 7% of AD cases (p = 0.001). For the DLB cases who had a prior suspected delirium, 23% had more than one episode compared with 14% of the AD group. The median time between most recent suspected episode of delirium and diagnosis of dementia in both groups was less than a yearConclusionsA greater proportion of those presenting and diagnosed with DLB had a documentation of a suspected delirium than those diagnosed with AD. Delirium may lead to a higher risk of DLB as opposed to other forms of dementia, or delirium may, at least in some cases, represent the early stages of DLB. These data suggest that a diagnosis of DLB should be specifically considered in those presenting with a delirium. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Permeability impairment of a limestone reservoir triggered by heterogeneous dissolution and particles migration during CO2‐rich injection
Authors: Mangane Papa O. , Gouze Philippe , Luquot Linda 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA CO2‐rich brine core‐flood experiment in calcite limestone for conditions representative of underground storage (P = 12 MPa and T = 100°C) was performed in order to explore the dissolution mechanisms arising at moderate CO2 partial pressure (0.3 MPa). An increase of the total porosity (φT) accompanied by a persistent permeability (k) decrease was measured. The mechanisms controlling this atypical anticorrelated k − φT relationship were investigated from the analysis of high‐resolution X‐ray microtomography images of the sample acquired before and after the experiment. All the evidences converge to the conclusion that the ubiquitous decrease of permeability measured during the 44 h of dissolution is due to the clogging of a fraction of the macroporosity by microporous material triggered by the rearrangement of the detached undissolved particles. This mechanism results in the development of low permeability zones bridging the macroporosity.
Recurrence statistics of great earthquakes
Authors: Ben‐Naim E. , Daub E. G. , Johnson P. A. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWe investigate the sequence of great earthquakes over the past century. To examine whether the earthquake record includes temporal clustering, we identify aftershocks and remove those from the record. We focus on the recurrence time, defined as the time between two consecutive earthquakes. We study the variance in the recurrence time and the maximal recurrence time. Using these quantities, we compare the earthquake record with sequences of random events, generated by numerical simulations, while systematically varying the minimal earthquake magnitudeMmin. Our analysis shows that the earthquake record is consistent with a random process for magnitude thresholds 7.0≤Mmin≤8.3, where the number of events is larger. Interestingly, the earthquake record deviates from a random process at magnitude threshold 8.4≤Mmin≤8.5, where the number of events is smaller; however, this deviation is not strong enough to conclude that great earthquakes are clustered. Overall, the findings are robust both qualitatively and quantitatively as statistics of extreme values and moment analysis yield remarkably similar results.
Quantifying the effects of pesticide exposure on annual reproductive success of birds
Authors: Etterson Matthew A , Bennett Richard S 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
The Markov chain nest productivity model (MCnest) was developed for quantifying the effects of specific pesticide-use scenarios on the annual reproductive success of simulated populations of birds. Each nesting attempt is divided into a series of discrete phases (e.g., egg laying, incubation, nestling rearing), and results from avian toxicity tests are used to represent the types of effects possible in the field during each breeding phase. The expected exposure dose each day throughout the breeding season can be compared to the toxicity thresholds assigned to each breeding phase to determine whether the nest attempt is at risk. The primary output of the model is an estimate of the number of successful nest attempts per female per year, which is multiplied by the number of fledglings per successful nest to estimate the number of fledglings per female per breeding season (i.e., annual reproductive success). In this article, we present a series of MCnest simulations to demonstrate the extent to which the magnitude of change in annual reproductive success can be affected by considering life history attributes and the timing of pesticide applications relative to a species' typical breeding phenology. For a given pesticide-use scenario, MCnest can identify which species are at greatest risk. By allowing multiple species to be run under a single scenario, it can also help to identify the life-history traits that contribute to a species' vulnerability to a given pesticide-use scenario. It also can determine which application dates have the greatest impact and demonstrate the extent to which pesticide characteristics (e.g., residue half-life, mode of action) affect productivity. MCnest goes beyond the current qualitative screening-level assessments of risks to avian reproduction to provide an approach for quantifying the reduction in annual reproductive success by integrating species life history and timing of pesticide exposures, despite limitations in existing information on species life history and toxicity responses from existing laboratory tests. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2013;9:590–599. © 2013 SETAC
Tandem mass spectrometry study of p38α kinase inhibitors and related substances
Authors: Falck D. , Kool J. , Honing M. , Niessen W. M. A. 
Published: May 2013

The p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase α (p38α) is an important drug target widely investigated for therapy of chronic inflammatory diseases. Its inhibitors are rather lipophilic and as such not very favourable lead compounds in drug discovery. Therefore, we explored various approaches to access new chemical space, create diversity, and generate lead libraries with improved solubility and reduced lipophilicity, based on known p38α inhibitors, e.g., BIRB796 and TAK‐715. Compound modification strategies include incubation with human liver microsomes and bacterial cytochrome P450 mutants from Bacillus megaterium and treatment by electrochemical oxidation, H2O2, and intense light irradiation.The MS/MS fragmentation pathways of p38α inhibitors and their conversion products have been studied in an ion‐trap–time‐of‐flight MSn instrument. Interpretation of accurate mass MSn data for four sets of related compounds revealed unexpected and peculiar fragmentation pathways that are discussed in detail. Emphasis is put on the usefulness of HRMSn‐based structure elucidation in a screening setting and on peculiarities of the fragmentation with regard to the analytes and the MS instrument.In one example, an intramolecular rearrangement reaction accompanied by the loss of a bulky group is observed. For BIRB796, the double‐charge precursor ion is used in MS2, providing a wider range of fragment ions in our instrument. For TAK‐715, a number of related compounds could be produced in a large‐scale incubation with a Bacillus megaterium mutant, thus enabling comparison of the structure elucidation by 1H NMR and MSn. A surprisingly large number of homolytic cleavages are observed. Competition between two fragmentation pathways involving either the loss of CH3• or OH• radicals was observed for SB203580 and its conversion products. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Objective classification of extreme rainfall regions for the UK and updated estimates of trends in regional extreme rainfall
Authors: Jones Mari R. , Blenkinsop Stephen , Fowler Hayley J. , Kilsby Christopher G. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTExtreme rainfall events pose considerable threats to society and critical infrastructure yet, by definitions, these events are rare. Reliable estimates of the likelihood of such events are required to assist with impact quantification and risk management. Regional frequency analysis of pooled extreme rainfall to estimate the likely impacts of a changing climate is a well established method to assess the probability of these extremes. Previous analyses of country‐wide changes to UK extreme daily rainfall have used the 9 Hadley UK Precipitation (HadUKP) regions (Alexander and Jones, 2000), which are not appropriate for use with extremes. While these characterize well the mean daily intensity and frequency within each region, extreme rainfall climatology differs from that of the mean characteristics. As a result the existing HadUKP regions do not represent extreme rainfall behaviour adequately, with regard to the frequency, intensity or timing of extreme events. Focussing on many extreme rainfall characteristics, such as the seasonal timing and magnitude of maxima, this article presents a formal representation of extreme regions which specifically describe extreme spatial and temporal characteristics. The article concludes with a brief exploration of improved event estimation using these extreme rainfall regions. The new regional definitions provide clearer upward trends in annual maxima over the period 1961–2010 than those estimated using the HadUKP regional pools. © 2013 Royal Meteorological Society
Taxonomic composition of the particle‐attached and free‐living bacterial assemblages in the Northwest Mediterranean Sea analyzed by pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA
Authors: Crespo Bibiana G. , Pommier Thomas , Fernández‐Gómez Beatriz , Pedrós‐Alió Carlos 
Published: May 2013

AbstractFree‐living (FL) and particle‐attached (PA) bacterial assemblages in the Northwest Mediterranean Sea were studied using pyrosequencing data of the 16S rRNA. We have described and compared the richness, the distribution of Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) within the two fractions, the spatial distribution, and the taxonomic composition of FL and PA bacterial assemblages. The number of OTUs in the present work was two orders of magnitude higher than in previous studies. Only 25% of the total OTUs were common to both fractions, whereas 49% OTUs were exclusive to the PA fraction and 26% to the FL fraction. The OTUs exclusively present in PA or FL assemblages were very low in abundance (6% of total abundance). Detection of the rare OTUs revealed the larger richness of PA bacteria that was hidden in previous studies. Alpha‐Proteobacteria dominated the FL bacterial assemblage and gamma‐Proteobacteria dominated the PA fraction. Bacteroidetes were important in the PA fraction mainly at the coast. The high number of sequences in this study detected additional phyla from the PA fraction, such as Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Verrucomicrobia.
Safety and one year outcomes following vaginally assisted laparoscopic uterine sacropexy (VALUES) for advanced uterine prolapse
Authors: Fayyad Abdalla M. , Siozos Chrysostomos S. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAimsTo assess the safety and outcomes of vaginally assisted laparoscopic uterine sacropexy (VALUES) as a surgical treatment for stage 3 and 4 uterine prolapse.MethodsSeventy consecutive women with stage 3 and 4 uterine prolapse who underwent VALUES over 2‐year period were prospectively evaluated. Women filled the Prolapse Quality of Life Questionnaire (P‐QOL), and underwent examination using pelvic organ prolapse quantification system (POP‐Q) pre‐ and post‐operatively. In addition, patients filled the patient global impression of improvement questionnaire post‐operatively. Mesh related complications were evaluated post‐operatively. Patients were followed up at 3 and 12 months following surgery. This study reports the 12 months outcomes.ResultsSixty‐four women (91.4%) reported cure of their prolapse symptoms. On examination, 67 women (95.7%) had POP‐Q stage 0 or 1 uterine support at 12 months. Six women needed further surgical intervention for prolapse (8.5%); three women developed recurrent uterine prolapse and three other women developed symptomatic recurrent anterior vaginal wall prolapse. The total vaginal length was not different between the pre‐ and post‐operative periods. Two patients developed mesh related complications. Significant improvement was noted in prolapse symptoms and quality of life.ConclusionsVALUES is a safe and effective treatment for women with stage 3 and 4 uterine prolapse up to 12 months without the risk of vaginal shortening. Long‐term results are needed to fully establish the value of this technique. Neurourol. Urodynam. 33:345–349, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Trends in the use of aspirin and nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs in the general U.S. population
Authors: Zhou Yingjun , Boudreau Denise M. , Freedman Andrew N. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTPurposeThe objective of this study was to describe trends in the prevalence of regular aspirin and nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID) use among adults in the United States during 2005 and 2010, and to identify characteristics of regular users.MethodsData from the 2005 and 2010 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) were analyzed to estimate the prevalence of regular use of aspirin and NSAIDs among U.S. adults aged 18 years and older. Results were stratified by demographics and self‐reported medical conditions and extrapolated to provide U.S. population estimates.ResultsIn 2010, around 43 million adults (19.0%) took aspirin at least three times per week for more than 3 months (i.e. regular users), and more than 29 million adults (12.1%) were regular users of NSAIDs. Compared with 2005, this was an overall increase of 57% in aspirin use and 41% in NSAID use. These increases were consistent across the strata of age, sex, race, and selected medical conditions, including cardiovascular disease (CVD), arthritis, peptic ulcers, cancer, and severe headache, except for Asian Americans.ConclusionLarge increases in the use of both aspirin and NSAIDs were observed over a 5 year period. The increase may be the result of increasing media attention reporting that regular aspirin use lowers the risk of CVD and related deaths, and may also prevent cancer. Moreover, safety concerns related to alternative medications such as acetaminophen and selective COX‐2 inhibitors may influence users of these drugs to switch to aspirin and NSAIDs. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Concordance of parent proxy report and child self‐report of posttraumatic stress in children with cancer and healthy children: influence of parental posttraumatic stress
Authors: Clawson Ashley H. , Jurbergs Niki , Lindwall Jennifer , Phipps Sean 
Published: May 2013

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined the relationships between parental posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), child PTSS, and parent–child concordance for child PTSS.MethodParticipants were children with cancer (n = 199), and healthy children (n = 108) and their parents. Children self‐reported on PTSS and parents completed measures of child and parent PTSS.ResultsIn the cancer group, child and parent reports of child PTSS were significantly correlated with no mean differences between reporters. In contrast, correlations were non‐significant in the control group, and parents reported significantly lower levels of child PTSS than children. Increased parental PTSS was associated with better concordance in the cancer group but not in the control group. In fact, in the cancer group, parent–child concordance was strongest at the highest level of parental PTSS.ConclusionsParents of children with cancer were found to be accurate reporters of their children's distress, even with high levels of reported personal distress. In contrast, parents of healthy children appear primarily influenced by personal distress when reporting child PTSS. Although multiple informant assessments are always desirable, it appears that utilization of a single informant may be reasonable in the cancer setting when access to informants is limited. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
THz‐manipulation of excitonic polarization in (GaIn)As/GaAs quantum wells
Authors: Ewers B. , Köster N. S. , Woscholski R. , Koch M. , Chatterjee S. , Khitrova G. , Gibbs H. M. , Klettke A. C. , Kira M. , Koch S. W. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWe investigate the interaction of strong single‐cycle THz‐pulses with a coherent excitonic polarization. The initial bleaching is superimposed by a splitting of the 1s exciton resonance and eventually is accompanied by the emergence of side‐bands on both the high and low energy sides of the former resonance.A quantum‐mechanical many‐body analysis associates these observations with the transition from excitationinduced bleaching and the regime of excitonic Rabi flopping to multi‐THz‐photon ionization and hence the population of states with high orbital quantum numbers. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Electric‐field‐enhanced collection of laser‐ablated materials onto a solvent bridge for electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Kaufman Eric , Smith Whitney , Kowalski Matthew , Beech Iwona , Sunner Jan 
Published: May 2013

RATIONALEAmbient imaging mass spectrometry methods are critically dependent on the ability to efficiently collect all substances from a well‐defined area of the sample. Improvements in this area are critical and enabling.METHODSMethods for the efficient collection of laser‐ablated materials directly into a solvent, for immediate transport to an ion source, have been explored using the application of electric fields.RESULTSElectric‐field‐enhanced collection of laser‐ablated materials has been demonstrated. Demonstrated increases in collection efficiency are as large as two orders of magnitude, in particular for hydrated biological materials, such as living bacterial colonies. This was achieved by applying approximately 1 kV between the sample and the receiving solvent surface.CONCLUSIONSElectric‐field‐enhanced collection of laser‐ablated materials holds great promise for ambient sampling and imaging mass spectrometry with rapid and direct interfacing to ionization sources, such as electrospray. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thioglycerol matrix interactions in the positive ion fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry of several Hantzsch and Biginelli ester derivatives of boronic acids
Authors: Martínez Joel , Abarca Vida , Pérez F. Javier , Carranza Vladimir , Miranda René 
Published: May 2013

RATIONALEFast atom bombardment (FAB) ionization is a valuable tool for analyzing non‐volatile or thermally labile compounds when harder ionization methods (EI or CI) have been unsuccessful. Unexpected interactions between matrix and analyte may, however, occur in FAB ionization leading to the formation of artifacts whose structures have to be determined.METHODSWe used esters synthesized by our research group following green chemistry protocols. Artifacts relating to the target molecules were produced in the solvent cage using positive ion FAB using thioglycerol as the matrix and analyzed by accurate mass measurement.RESULTSThrough interactions between thioglycerol and the boron atom, various adducts associated with boron‐containing Hantzsch and Biginelli ester derivatives appeared in the FAB mass spectra. These interactions must arise in a solvent cage involving a Lewis acid‐base bond. Accurate mass determinations of these adducts confirmed the presence of the target molecules.CONCLUSIONSInteractions between the thioglycerol matrix and the eleven boron‐containing Hantzsch and Biginelli ester derivatives in addition to the three reagents were seen in their FAB+ spectra. These interactions, together with their accurate mass determinations, allowed us to determine the structures of the new molecules. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Engaged, Workaholic, Burned‐Out or Just 9‐to‐5? Toward a Typology of Employee Well‐being
Authors: Salanova Marisa , Del Líbano Mario , Llorens Susana , Schaufeli Wilmar B. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe aim of this study was to establish a typology of employee well‐being, together with its psychosocial antecedents and consequences. Results obtained with a sample of 786 full‐time employees from different occupational sectors show four types of employee well‐being: 9‐to‐5 or relaxed, work engaged or enthusiastic, workaholic or tense, and burned‐out or fatigued, each having different relationships with job and personal characteristics. This study provides evidence of a parsimonious, theory‐based classification of employee well‐being and contributes to the existing literature about work investment because meaningful relations were found between various types of employee well‐being, and heavy and soft work investors. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Scaffolding learning from molecular visualizations
Authors: Chang Hsin‐Yi , Linn Marcia C. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractPowerful online visualizations can make unobservable scientific phenomena visible and improve student understanding. Instead, they often confuse or mislead students. To clarify the impact of molecular visualizations for middle school students we explored three design variations implemented in a Web‐based Inquiry Science Environment (WISE) unit on thermodynamics: Observation, Research Guidance, or Critique. We tested these variations in an inquiry unit designed following the knowledge integration framework to promote coherent understanding. Seven middle school classes (205 students) and their two teachers participated in the study. Students studying each version of the unit made significant gains on knowledge integration items designed to measure coherent understanding of thermodynamics. Compared to Research Guidance, the Critique condition was more successful, especially in helping students conduct consequential experiments. Embedded assessments revealed that students who critiqued a confounded experiment were more successful in conducting valid experiments than students who did not critique. In addition, the combination of critique and virtual experimentation increased student ability to connect molecular and observable phenomena. These results suggest design guidelines to help future designers. Specifically, preceding experimentation with critique activities helps students distinguish among existing and new ideas. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 50: 858–886, 2013