bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transformations télévisuelles
Authors: Machado-Borges Thaïs 
Published: September 2012

Le Brésil est le pays où la télévision dispose de la plus grande audience du monde, 90 % des ménages du pays possédant au moins un téléviseur. Que diffuse la télévision brésilienne ? Du football, bien sûr, quasiment en continu. Les informations et les shows télévisés constituent également une part importante de la programmation télévisuelle. Mais l’un des types de programmes les plus diffusés – et les plus regardés – est latelenovela. Lestelenovelassont surchargées d’images et de récits de personnages qui, afin de parvenir à l’amour, au bonheur et à l’ascension sociale, se mettent à se transformer eux-mêmes, ainsi que leur corps. Ces transformations influent sur les relations, les avoirs personnels, ainsi que sur les hiérarchies liés au genre, à la sexualité, à la race et à la classe. En se fondant sur plusieurs enquêtes de terrain dans l’État du Minas Gerais, au sud-est du Brésil, cet article présente en les synthétisant quelques-uns des principaux résultats d’un projet de recherche plus étendu sur lestelenovelasbrésiliennes. L’article présente brièvement ce genre télévisuel ainsi qu’une nouvelle manière d’aborder sa réception, en passant d’une étude des interprétations des intrigues destelenovelaspar les spectateurs à une analyse des interactions quotidiennes des spectateurs avec lestelenovelasen flux continu : les messages, les produits de consommation, les histoires et les désirs qui recoupent les intrigues destelenovelaset qui circulent dans la société brésilienne. Il examine enfin de plus près la manière dont le flux destelenovelasest représentatif de la société brésilienne et comment les Brésiliens réagissent à ce flux : quel impact a-t-il sur les téléspectateurs ? Sert-il de modèle aux téléspectateurs pour penser et agir ?
La main-d’oeuvre en milieu urbain au Bas-Canada : conditions et relations de travail
Authors: Ruddel David-Thiery 
Published: September 2012

Selon un ancien spécialiste de l’histoire du travail au Canada, Clare Pentland, le système des relations paternalistes (« personal ») est remplacé vers le milieu du 19e siècle par celui du capitalisme. Notre analyse des contrats d’engagement et des articles de journaux indique que beaucoup de caractéristiques du capitalisme industriel précèdent de près d’un demi-siècle la vaste mécanisation des années 1850-1870. Certaines méthodes de capitalisme industriel sont surtout appliqués dans les centres urbains, mais nous les observons également dans les scieries et les distilleries situées à la campagne. Ainsi, les concepts de paternalisme et de pré-industrialisation ne devraient pas être utilisés dans la description des conditions et des relations de travail coloniales qu’avec beaucoup de circonspection.
L’imaginaire historique des jeunes Québécois
Authors: Létourneau Jocelyn 
Published: September 2012

Le récit que proposent les jeunes Québécois du passé récent de leur collectivité présente une refiguration de l’histoire particulièrement intéressante à décrire et analyser. C’est à partir de l’étude minutieuse d’un corpus de feuilles-réponses déposées par les étudiants au Concours Lionel-Groulx de 1984-1985 que nous tentons de cerner l’imaginaire historique d’une catégorie d’âge qui n’a pas vécu les épisodes dont elle traite : la période duplessiste et la Révolution tranquille.
La pédagogie du sexe : un aspect du discours catholique sur la sexualité au Québec (1930-1960)
Authors: Desjardins Gaston 
Published: September 2012

Dans le Québec des années 1930-1960, le discours catholique sur la pédagogie sexuelle s’articule autour de trois composantes majeures : l’éducation de la chasteté, l’ennoblissement de la sexualité et la pédagogie « nouvelle ». Diverses tendances s’affrontent et s’enchevêtrent; entre les pièces usées du vieux dispositif s’insinuent et se renforcent des idées neuves. Les différentes problématiques s’inscrivent dans un renouvellement des perceptions de la famille. Dans l’après-guerre, malgré la présence de structures d’encadrement caduques, les intervenants se font plus nombreux et variés. En suivant les lignes de transformation du discours, on perçoit l’ébauche d’un dispositif pédagogique moderne.
Les récoltes des forêts publiques (1850-1945)
Authors: Gaudreau Guy , Fortin Claire-Andrée , Décarie Robert 
Published: September 2012

Dans cet article, nous poursuivons notre réflexion sur les sources utilisées en histoire de la production forestière au Québec. Nous cherchons à évaluer l'ampleur de la sous-évaluation des récoltes des forêts publiques et à proposer des corrections aux données officielles. Deux types de facteurs expliquent ce sous-enregistrement : les agissements illégaux des entrepreneurs dont les effets sont difficiles à mesurer avec précision; et la faiblesse, voire l'absence des règles gouvernementales de mesurage et de l'enregistrement des récoltes. Finalement, nous pouvons conclure que la sous-évaluation n'est pas homogène, comme l'avaient d'abord cru les historiens, et qu'elle est plus forte pour les nouveaux produits forestiers qui ont émergé depuis le milieu du XIXe siècle.
Comment dénombrer les serviteurs de l’État au Canada-Uni. Essai méthodologique
Authors: Curtis Bruce 
Published: September 2012

Inscrit dans le débat sur la « nineteenth century revolution in government », cet article propose des considérations méthodologiques pour identifier et dénombrer le personnel de l'État au Canada-Uni. Après avoir relevé les embûches des sources officielles, l'article souligne les limites méthodologiques du modèle bureaucratique du pouvoir de l'État.
Looking for Cancer: Expertise Related Differences in Searching and Decision Making
Authors: Donovan Tim , Litchfield Damien 
Published: September 2012

SummaryWe examined how the ability to detect lung nodules in chest x‐ray inspection is reflected in experience‐related differences in visual search and decision making, and whether the eye‐tracking metric time‐to‐first hit showed systematic decreases across expertise levels are examined. In the study decision making improved with expertise, however, time‐to‐first fixate a nodule showed only a non‐significant trend to decrease with expertise. Surprisingly, naïve and expert observers allocated less visual attention at nodules compared with first and third year radiography students. This similarity in visual attention at nodules but not in decision making was explained by the fact that naïve observers were more likely to fixate and make errors on distracter regions. Time‐to‐first hit has been linked to expert performance in mammography, but in this study was not sufficiently sensitive to demonstrate clear linear improvements across expertise groups. This brings into question the use of this metric as an indirect measure of rapid initial holistic processing. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multivalency as a Chemical Organization and Action Principle
Authors: Fasting Carlo , Schalley Christoph A. , Weber Marcus , Seitz Oliver , Hecht Stefan , Koksch Beate , Dernedde Jens , Graf Christina , Knapp Ernst‐Walter , Haag Rainer 
Published: September 2012

AbstractMultivalent interactions can be applied universally for a targeted strengthening of an interaction between different interfaces or molecules. The binding partners form cooperative, multiple receptor–ligand interactions that are based on individually weak, noncovalent bonds and are thus generally reversible. Hence, multi‐ and polyvalent interactions play a decisive role in biological systems for recognition, adhesion, and signal processes. The scientific and practical realization of this principle will be demonstrated by the development of simple artificial and theoretical models, from natural systems to functional, application‐oriented systems. In a systematic review of scaffold architectures, the underlying effects and control options will be demonstrated, and suggestions will be given for designing effective multivalent binding systems, as well as for polyvalent therapeutics.
Electrocatalysis and detection of nitrite on a polyaniline‐Cu nanocomposite‐modified glassy carbon electrode
Authors: Zhang Ya , Yin Jin , Wang Kun , Chen Peng , Ji Lin 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA polyaniline (PANI)‐Cu nanocomposite‐modified electrode was fabricated by the electrochemical polymerization of aniline and the electrodeposition of copper under constant potentials on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE), respectively. Scanning electron microscope result shows that the PANI‐Cu composite on the surface of the GCE displays the nanofibers having an average diameter of about 80 nm with lengths varying from 1.1 to 1.2 μm. The electrode exhibits enhanced electrocatalytic behavior to the reduction of nitrite compared to the PANI‐modified GCE. The effects of applied potential, pH value of the detection solution, electropolymerization charge, temperature, and nitrite concentration on the current response of the composite‐modified GCE were investigated and discussed. Under optimal conditions, the PANI‐Cu composite‐modified GCE can be used to determine nitrite concentration in a wide linear range (n = 18) of 0.049 and 70.0 μM and a limit of detection of 0.025 μM. The sensitivity of the electrode was 0.312 μA μM−1 cm−2. The PANI‐Cu composite‐modified GCE had the good storage stability. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Semi‐Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 1,2,3‐Triazole‐Based Podophyllotoxin Congeners as Potent Antitumor Agents Inducing Apoptosis in HepG2 Cells
Authors: Chen Jinying , Ma Liang , Zhang Ronghong , Tang Jie , Lai Huijun , Wang Jun , Wang Guangcheng , Xu Qinyuan , Chen Tao , Peng Fei , Qiu Jingxiang , Liang Xiaolin , Cao Dong , Ran Yan , Peng Aihua , Wei Yuquan , Chen Lijuan 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA series of 4β‐[(4‐substituted)‐1,2,3‐triazol‐1‐yl]podophyllotoxin congeners were synthesized by employing click chemistry and further evaluated for their antitumor activity by MTT assay. Among them, six congeners (10, 11, 12, 13, 22, and 24) exhibited approximately 100‐fold more potent inhibitory activity against four tumor cell lines (HepG2, MKN‐45, NCI‐H1993, and B16) than etoposide as positive control. Docking studies on binding in the ATPase domain of topoisomerase II revealed perfect docking of four congeners in the active site. Furthermore, the podophyllotoxin congeners 10, 11, 12, and 13 induced cell cycle arrest of HepG2 cells at the G2/M phase in a concentration‐dependent manner, assessed by flow cytometric analysis, highlighting that they exert their antitumor activity via HepG2 cell apoptosis.
Effects of PEMF on microcirculation and angiogenesis in a model of acute hindlimb ischemia in diabetic rats
Authors: Pan Yunhu , Dong Yushu , Hou Wugang , Ji Zhiyu , Zhi Kailin , Yin Zhongmin , Wen Hua , Chen Yitan 
Published: September 2012

AbstractHindlimb ischemia is a major complication of diabetic patients due to poor neovascularization. Therapy with pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) can promote angiogenesis in ischemic lesions. However, the efficacy and therapeutic mechanisms of PEMF in diabetes‐related hindlimb ischemia are unclear. Sprague–Dawley rats were injected with streptozocin to induce diabetes, and 10 weeks later diabetic rats were subjected to surgical induction of acute hindlimb ischemia. The rats were randomized and treated with PEMF, and the blood perfusion of individual rats was determined longitudinally by laser Doppler perfusion imaging (LDPI). The neovascular density was examined using immunofluorescent analysis of CD31 expression and alkaline phosphatase (AP) staining. The levels of VEGF, VEGFR, FGF‐2, and FGFR1 expression, and ERK 1/2 and P38 phosphorylation in the muscles were characterized using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot assays. The values of LDPI in the PEMF‐treated rats at 14 and 28 days post surgery were significantly greater than those in the controls, accompanied by significantly elevated levels of anti‐CD31 and AP staining. The relative levels of FGF‐2 and FGFR1, but not VEGF and VEGFR expression, and ERK1/2, but not P38 phosphorylation, in the muscles of the PEMF‐treated rats were significantly higher than those in the controls. Our data indicated that PEMF enhanced acute hindlimb ischemia‐related perfusion and angiogenesis, associated with up‐regulating FGF‐2 expression and activating the ERK1/2 pathway in diabetic rats. Therefore, PEMF may be valuable for the treatment of diabetic patients with ischemic injury. Bioelectromagnetics 34:180–188, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rational Mechanics in the Eighteenth Century. On Structural Developments of a Mathematical Science
Authors: Pulte Helmut 
Published: August 2012

AbstractRationale Mechanik im 18. Jahrhundert. Zur strukturellen Entwicklung einer mathematischen Wissenschaft. Die Rolle der Mathematik in den Wissenschaften sowie in der Wissenschaftsphilosophie des 18. Jahrhunderts kann kaum hoch genug veranschlagt werden. In neueren wissenschaftsphilosophischen Darstellungen wird diese Rolle jedoch häufig in einer anachronistischen Weise beschrieben und analysiert, indem jüngere Auffassungen über formale Mathematik einerseits und empirische Wissenschaft andererseits in die Vergangenheit projiziert werden: Man mag vom heutigen Standpunkt aus tatsächlich versucht sein zu sagen, dass Philosophen des 17. und vor allem des 18. Jahrhunderts die Bedeutung der Mathematik für die ‘Repräsentation’ physischer Phänomene oder als ‘Instrument’ der deduktiven Erklärung und Voraussage erkannten. Solche Modernismen gehen jedoch am eigentlichen Punkt vorbei, nämlich der Tatsache, dass es für die mechanische Philosophie per se eine ‘mathematische Natur der Natur’ gibt. Hinzu kommt, dass sich das Verständnis von dieser ‘mathematischen Natur’ im Verlauf des 18. Jahrhunderts aus verschiedenen (mathematischen, philosophischen und anderen) Gründen dramatisch veränderte. Dieser Sachverhalt wurde in früheren philosophischen Analysen der fraglichen Entwicklung kaum wahrgenommen. Heutige Wissenschaftsphilosophie aber sollte der Wissenschaftsgeschichte eine historisch genauere Analyse anbieten, ohne darüber ihren – von Historikern durchaus nicht immer geschätzten – Auftrag aufzugeben, grundlegende Konzepte und Methoden der fraglichen Wissenschaft, die für ihr Verständnis von Bedeutung sind, offenzulegen. Der folgende Beitrag gibt eine ‘strukturelle Skizze’ über die Entwicklung der rationalen Mechanik von Newton bis Lagrange. Er versucht dabei dem Sachverhalt Rechnung zu tragen, dass rationale Mechanik im 18. Jahrhundert primär als eine mathematische Wissenschaft verstanden wurde. Ausgehend von diesem mathematischen Status versucht er auch, gute Gründe für den grundlegenden Wandel ihrer Wissenschaftsauffassung im fraglichen Zeitraum zu liefern.
Genome instability: Does genetic diversity amplification drive tumorigenesis?
Authors: Lane Andrew B. , Clarke Duncan J. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractRecent data show that catastrophic events during one cell cycle can cause massive genome damage producing viable clones with unstable genomes. This is in contrast with the traditional view that tumorigenesis requires a long‐term process in which mutations gradually accumulate over decades. These sudden events are likely to result in a large increase in genomic diversity within a relatively short time, providing the opportunity for selective advantages to be gained by a subset of cells within a population. This genetic diversity amplification, arising from a single aberrant cell cycle, may drive a population conversion from benign to malignant. However, there is likely a period of relative genome stability during the clonal expansion of tumors – this may provide an opportunity for therapeutic intervention, especially if mechanisms that limit tolerance of aneuploidy are exploited.
Alcohol septal ablation for obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Outcomes in young, middle‐aged, and elderly patients
Authors: Leonardi Robert A. , Townsend Jacob C. , Patel Chetan A. , Wolf Bethany J. , Todoran Thomas M. , Powers Eric R. , Steinberg Daniel H. , Fernandes Valerian L. , Nielsen Christopher D. 
Published: August 2012

ObjectivesWe compared the efficacy and safety of alcohol septal ablation (ASA) for obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in young, middle‐aged, and elderly patients.BackgroundIntersociety guidelines suggest based on limited evidence that young patients with medically refractory symptoms of obstructive HCM should undergo surgical myectomy while elderly patients may be more appropriate for ASA.MethodsData for 360 patients undergoing 389 ASAs were prospectively collected and retrospectively analyzed according to age.ResultsYoung (<45 years), middle‐aged (45–64 years), and elderly (≥65 years) patients comprised 28, 40, and 32% of the study population, respectively. Young patients had thicker left ventricular septal walls at baseline, and elderly patients had more comorbidity and dyspnea. Resting, mean left ventricular outflow tract gradients (LVOTGs) were similar across the age groups at baseline (62, 66, and 68 mm Hg, respectively; P = NS for all comparisons). LVOTGs and dyspnea were significantly and similarly improved in all age groups immediately after ASA and through 12 months of follow‐up (P < 0.001 for before and after comparisons; P = NS for intergroup comparisons). Complication rates were similar for young and middle‐aged patients but higher for elderly patients (9.1 and 6.3% vs. 20.8%, respectively; P ≤ 0.016 for elderly vs. others). Mortality rates for young and middle‐aged patients were lower than for elderly patients, but the differences were not statistically significant.ConclusionsPatients undergoing ASA had significant and similar improvements in LVOTGs and symptoms regardless of age. Procedural complications were increased in elderly patients, who had numerically but not statistically significantly higher mortality rates. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Plaque shift and distal embolism in patients with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Wu Xiaofan , Maehara Akiko , He Yong , Xu Kai , Oviedo Carlos , Witzenbichler Bernhard , Lansky Alexandra J. , Dressler Ovidiu , Parise Helen , Stone Gregg W. , Mintz Gary S. 
Published: August 2012

BackgroundsVessel expansion and axial plaque redistribution or distal plaque embolization contribute to the increase in lumen dimensions after stent implantation.Methods and ResultsPreintervention and postintervention grayscale volumetric intravascular ultrasound was used to study 43 de novo native coronary lesions treated with TAXUS or Express bare metal stents in the HORIZONS‐AMI Trial. There was a decrease in lesion segment plaque + media (P + M) volume (−19.5 ± 22.2 mm3) that was associated with a decrease in overall analysis segment (lesion plus 5 mm long proximal and distal reference segments) P + M volume (−17.5 ± 21.0 mm3) that was greater than the shift of plaque from the lesion to the proximal and distal reference segments (1.9 ± 4.5 mm3, P < 0.0001). Overall analysis segment P + M volume decreased more in the angiographic thrombus (+) versus the thrombus (−) group (27.4 ± 23.4 vs. −8.9 ± 14.3 mm3, P = 0.003), whereas plaque shift to the reference segments showed no significant difference between the two groups (1.5 ± 5.2 vs. 2.3 ± 3.9 mm3, P = 0.590). Compared with the angiographic thrombus (−) group, patients in the thrombus (+) group more often developed no reflow (25% vs. 0%, P = 0.012) and had a higher preintervention CK‐MB (P = 0.011), postintervention CK‐MB (P < 0.001), and periprocedural (post‐PCI minus pre‐PCI) elevation of CK‐MB (P = 0.001).ConclusionsIn acute myocardial infarction lesions, there was a marked poststenting reduction in overall plaque volume that was significantly greater in patients with angiographic thrombus than without thrombus and may have explained a greater periprocedural rise in CK‐MB. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Multimodality 3D‐roadmap for cardiovascular interventions in congenital heart disease—A single‐center, retrospective analysis of 78 cases
Authors: Glöckler Martin , Halbfaβ Julia , Koch Andreas , Achenbach Stephan , Dittrich Sven 
Published: August 2012

BackgroundModern fluoroscopic angiography systems permit rendering of three‐dimensional volumetric data sets using rotational angiography (3D‐RA). Along with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or multi‐detector‐row computed tomography (MDCT) data sets, they can be fused with live fluoroscopy images for roadmapping during therapeutic procedures, but the value of multimodality fused data sets has not been clarified.MethodsIn a pediatric cardiac catheterization laboratory, we analyzed 78 interventional cardiovascular procedures in which 3D models of 3D‐RA, MRI, or MDCT were used for 3D‐guidance. Accuracy of 2D‐3D registration as well as overall procedural benefit was independently rated by two pediatric interventionalists. Fluoroscopy time, radiation dose, and contrast dye consumption were evaluated and, grouping a subgroup analysis, the parameters were compared between patients who underwent stenting of aortic coarctation with and without 3D‐roadmapping.Results3D‐guiding was used in 78 cases, 75 of these cases were with accurate 2D‐3D registration. 3D‐roadmapping was rated superior to conventional biplane imaging in 74 cases. 3D‐guidance was used in 64 cases to define the ideal C‐arm angulation and in 60 cases for accurate device positioning. Median dose‐area product in the total investigation was 706.3 μGym2 (104.8–7249.7 μGym2), 3.3 ml/kg (0.9–13.7 ml/kg) of contrast dye was used, and total fluoroscopy time was 14.5 min (2.9–68.1 min). Fluoroscopy time for 3D‐guided stenting of aortic coarctation is significantly lower (8.35 versus 10.2 min; P = 0.04).Conclusion3D‐image fusion with live fluoroscopy can be applied successfully in catheter‐based interventions of congenital heart disease. 3D‐guidance facilitates catheter manipulations and interventions, allows preselection of ideal projection angles, reduces fluoroscopic time and the number of control angiographies. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Design and Synthesis of 3‐Carbamoylbenzoic Acid Derivatives as Inhibitors of Human Apurinic/Apyrimidinic Endonuclease 1 (APE1)
Authors: Aiello Francesca , Shabaik Yumna , Esqueda Adrian , Sanchez Tino W. , Grande Fedora , Garofalo Antonio , Neamati Nouri 
Published: September 2012

AbstractApurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endonuclease 1 (APE1) is a multifaceted protein with an essential role in the base excision repair (BER) pathway. Its implication in tumor development, progression, and resistance has been confirmed in multiple cancers, making it a viable target for intensive investigation. In this work, we designed and synthesized different classes of small‐molecule inhibitors of the catalytic endonuclease function of APE1 that contain a 3‐carbamoylbenzoic acid scaffold. Further structural modifications were made with the aim of increasing the activity and cytotoxicity of these inhibitors. Several of our compounds were shown to inhibit the catalytic endonuclease function of APE1 with potencies in the low‐micromolar range in vitro, and therefore represent novel classes of APE1 inhibitors worthy of further development.