bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High contrast reflectance imaging of simulated lesions on tooth occlusal surfaces at near‐IR wavelengths
Authors: Fried William A. , Fried Daniel , Chan Kenneth H. , Darling Cynthia L. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIntroductionIn vivo and in vitro studies have shown that high contrast images of tooth demineralization can be acquired in the near‐infrared (near‐IR) without the interference of stain. The purpose of this study is to compare the lesion contrast in reflectance at near‐IR wavelengths coincident with high water absorption with those in the visible, the near‐IR at 1,300 nm and with fluorescence measurements for early lesions in occlusal surfaces.MethodsTwenty‐four human molars were used in this in vitro study. Teeth were painted with an acid‐resistant varnish, leaving a 4 × 4 mm window in the occlusal surface of each tooth exposed for demineralization. Artificial lesions were produced in the exposed windows after 1‐ and 2‐day exposure to a demineralizing solution at pH 4.5. Lesions were imaged using near‐IR reflectance at three wavelengths, 1,300, 1,460, and 1,600 nm using a high definition InGaAs camera. Visible light reflectance, and fluorescence with 405 nm excitation and detection at wavelengths greater than 500 nm were also used to acquire images for comparison. Crossed polarizers were used for reflectance measurements to reduce interference from specular reflectance.ResultsThe contrast of both the 1‐ and 2‐day lesions were significantly higher (P < 0.05) for near‐IR reflectance imaging at 1,460 and 1,600 nm than it was for near‐IR reflectance imaging at 1,300 nm, visible reflectance imaging, and fluorescence.ConclusionThe markedly higher contrast at 1,460 and 1,600 nm wavelengths, coincident with higher water absorption, suggest that these wavelengths are better suited than 1,300 nm for imaging early/shallow demineralization on tooth surfaces. Lasers Surg. Med. 45:533–541, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
In‐situ Formation and Assembly of Gold Nanoparticles by Gum Arabic as Efficient Photothermal Agent for Killing Cancer Cells
Authors: Liu Ching‐Ping , Lin Fong‐Sian , Chien Chih‐Te , Tseng Sheng‐Yang , Luo Chih‐Wei , Chen Chien‐Hung , Chen Jen‐Kun , Tseng Fan‐Gang , Hwu Yeukuang , Lo Leu‐Wei , Yang Chung‐Shi , Lin Shu‐Yi 
Published: July 2013

AbstractGold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been established to sufficiently eradicate tumors by means of heat production for photothermal therapy. However, the translation of the AuNPs from bench to the clinic still remains to be solved until realizing high bioclearance after treatment. Herein, we developed a simple strategy for simultaneous formation and assembly of small‐size gold nanoparticles (Au‐SNPs) to form a novel nanocomposite in the presence of gum arabic (GA) by synchrotron X‐ray irradiation in an aqueous solution within 5 min. GA, a porous polysaccharide, can not only provide a confined space in which to produce uniform Au‐SNPs (1.6 ± 0.7 nm in diameter), but can also facilitate the formation of Au‐SNPs@GA (diameter ≈ 40 nm) after irradiating synchrotron X‐rays. Specifically, the Au‐SNPs@GA possesses high thermal stability and a strong photothermal effect for killing cancer cells. Importantly, a bioclearance study demonstrated that the Au‐SNPs@GA can be gradually excreted by the renal and hepatobiliary system, which might be due to the breakdown and oxidation of GA under irradiating synchrotron X‐rays. Thus, the novel gold nanocomposite can be promising photothermal agents for cancer treatment at the therapeutic level, minimizing toxicity concerns regarding long‐term accumulation in vivo.
Direct Writing of Conducting Polymers
Authors: Aydemir Nihan , Parcell James , Laslau Cosmin , Nieuwoudt Michel , Williams David E. , Travas‐Sejdic Jadranka 
Published: July 2013

Described herein is a new printing method—direct writing of conducting polymers (CPs)—based on pipette‐tip localized continuous electrochemical growth. A single barrel micropipette containing a metal wire (Pt) is filled with a mixture of monomer, supporting electrolyte, and an appropriate solvent. A droplet at the tip of the pipette contacts the substrate, which becomes the working electrode of a micro‐electrochemical cell confined to the tip droplet and the pipette. The metallic wire in the pipette acts as both counter and reference electrode. Electropolymerization forms the CP on the working electrode in a pattern controlled by the movement of the pipette. In this study, various width poly(pyrrole) 2D and 3D structures are extruded and characterized in terms of microcyclic voltammetry, Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy.
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Inhibition of carbon steel corrosion by imidazoline in carbon dioxide saturated oilfield brine solution
Authors: Doležal D. , Alar V. , Borko T. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis work focuses on the testing of imidazoline based corrosion inhibitor and the inhibition of carbon steel corrosion caused by carbon dioxide saturated oilfield brine solution. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, linear polarization, anodic and cathodic polarization (Tafel extrapolation method) measurements were carried out. In order to investigate imidazoline based corrosion inhibitor efficiency, carbon dioxide saturated oilfield brine solution without inhibitor and solution with added different concentrations of imidazoline based corrosion inhibitor were tested. Those results were compared. Influence of testing solution temperature and stirring of testing solution on the corrosion inhibitor efficiency were investigated. On the basis of obtained results it can be concluded that optimal concentration of imidazoline based corrosion inhibitor is 50 ppm for the successful and effective corrosion protection of pipelines made of carbon steel under test conditions similar to typical oilfield conditions (35°C, atmospheric pressure, stirring rate 400 min–1).
Effect of cobalt content on microstructure and property of electroplated nickel‐cobalt alloy coatings
Authors: Wu Z. W. , Lei Y. P. , Wang Y. , Fu H. G. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractNickel‐cobalt alloys were electrodeposited on copper sheets in sulfate bath containing 288.5 g/l NiSO4·6H2O, 30 g/l CoSO4·7H2O, 40 g/l HBO3, 15 g/l NaCl and 0.08 g/l lauryl sodium sulfate. The effects of cobalt content on microstructure, microhardness, and wear resistance of electroplating nickel‐cobalt alloys were studied by using SEM and XRD techniques, and microhardness tester and wear tester. The relationship between the microhardness of nickel‐cobalt alloy coatings and heat treatment procedures was also investigated. The experimental results show that cobalt content (Wt) in coating increases with Co2+/(Co2+ + Ni2+)% (X) in plating solution. Fitted regression equation is as following: Wt = –0.7399 + 2.2847X – 0.0133X2. The increase of cobalt content leads to that the longitudinal section morphology of coating transforms from the cone into sphericity and at last into the shape of willow leaf, and its structure transforms from face centered cubic (fcc) nickel solid solution into fcc cobalt solid solution and at last into hcp cobalt solid solution. The increase of cobalt content results in the increase of microhardness of nickel‐cobalt alloy coatings, and the hardness reaches a maximum value (363 HV) when cobalt content is 54.9%. After heat treatment at 400°C and 600°C, the microhardness of coatings begins to decrease except the coating containing 79.2% Co. Moreover, the wear resistance of electroplated coatings increases with the increase of cobalt content.
Acute complications of movement disorders surgery: Effects of age and comorbidities
Authors: Rughani Anand I. , Hodaie Mojgan , Lozano Andres M. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTThe most common indication for movement disorder surgery is Parkinson's disease (PD), and the incidence of PD increases with age. The analysis reported here was undertaken with the primary goal of examining whether there is a relationship between peri‐operative complications and age. The Nationwide Inpatient Sample (Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD, USA) was queried for 10 years beginning in 1999 for patients undergoing deep brain stimulator insertion, pallidotomy, and thalamotomy for treatment of PD, essential tremor, and dystonia. Inpatient complications, including death, stroke (both ischemic and hemorrhagic), and other overall complications were examined. The relative risks associated with advanced age; primary diagnosis; treatment modality; the diagnoses of hypertension, diabetes, and nicotinism; and the cumulative number of comorbidities were examined. There were 5464 patients who met inclusion criteria, including 4145 patients treated for PD and 4961 patients treated with deep brain stimulation (DBS). Overall in‐hospital mortality was 0.26%, with 0.15% related to surgical factors. There was a correlation between in‐hospital mortality, increasing age, and number of medical comorbidities. After multivariate regression no factor remained predictive of mortality. Having more than 1 medical comorbidity or PD increased the risk of in‐hospital complications. Patients with PD were more likely to suffer hemorrhage or stroke. Hypertension, diabetes, nicotinism, and modality of treatment were not associated with increased mortality, hemorrhage or stroke risk, or in‐hospital mortality in univariate or multivariate analysis. Both age and medical comorbidity are correlated with in‐hospital complications, but age appears to serve as a surrogate for comorbidity. Surgery for PD appears to carry an increased risk of hemorrhage or stroke and in‐hospital complications. © 2013 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Histologic and functional outcomes of nerve defects treated with acellular allograft versus cabled autograft in a rat model
Authors: Tang Peter , Kilic Ayhan , Konopka Geoffrey , Regalbuto Ricky , Akelina Yelena , Gardner Thomas 
Published: July 2013

PurposeAcellular nerve allograft is a new option for bridging nerve defects that allows appropriate diameter matching. The aim of the study was to compare the histologic and functional recovery of nerve defects treated with acellular nerve allograft versus cabled sural nerve autograft.MethodFifty‐four Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into one of three experimental groups. A unilateral 10 mm sciatic nerve defect was created and repaired with an acellular nerve allograft (Group A), three cabled sural nerve autografts in antidromic orientation (Group B), and the newly created segmental defect in antidromic orientation (reversed autograft) (Group C). Two rats in each group we evaluated histologically at 6 weeks while the rest of the groups were tested histologically and functionally at 12 weeks.ResultsThere were no differences in histomorphometry between the groups at 6 weeks, but at 12 weeks at mid‐graft there were differences. Group C had the highest fiber count which was statistically greater when compared to Group A (P = 0.023) and when compared to Group B (P = 0.001). The average normalized maximum isometric tetanic force (ITF) was 52 ± 2.9% for Group A, 34.1 ± 4.2% for Group B, and 51.3 ± 3.3% for Group C at 12 weeks. There was no statistical difference between Groups A and C, but Group A was statistically greater when compared to B, and when Group C was compared to B.ConclusionIn conclusion, acellular nerve allograft demonstrated equal functional recovery when compared to reversed autograft (control), and superior recovery compared to the cabled nerve autograft. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 33:460–467, 2013.
The effect of the 5‐HT7 serotonin receptor agonist, LP44, on micturition in rats with chronic spinal cord injury
Authors: Gang Wu , Hongjian Tu , Jasheng Chen , Jiemin Si , Zhong Chen , Yuemin Xu , Baojun Gu , Andersson Karl‐Erik 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAimsTo better understand the effects of the selective 5‐HT7 receptor agonist 4‐[2‐(Methylthio)phenyl]‐N‐(1,2,3,4‐tetrahydro‐1‐naphthalenyl)‐1‐piperazinehexanamide hydrochloride (LP44) on micturition in spinal cord injury (SCI) rats.MethodsFemale Sprague‐Dawley rats weighing 200–275 g were used. SCI was produced in 8 of the 16 rats by transection at the T10 level; cystometric study occurred 8–12 weeks post‐transection. Intravesical pressure was monitored in urethane‐anesthetized animals via a transvesical catheter. The selective 5‐HT7 antagonist (R)‐3‐[2‐[2‐(4‐Methylpiperidin‐1‐yl)ethyl]pyrrolidine‐1‐sulfonyl] phenol hydrochloride (SB‐269970) was administered after each LP44 dose–response curve (all drugs were administered intravenously, i.v).ResultsCompared to controls, SCI rats had a higher bladder capacity and residual volume, and a lower voiding efficiency. In SCI rats, LP44 (0.003–0.3 mg/kg, i.v) induced significant dose‐dependent increases in micturition volume, significant dose‐dependent decreases in residual volume, resulting in significant increases in voiding efficiency. CMG measurements showed a dose‐dependent increase of the high‐frequency oscillation (HFO) activity, including the number of small oscillation per voiding. This was correlated with the improved voiding efficiency. SB‐269970 (0.1 mg/kg, i.v) partially or completely reversed all LP44‐induced changes.ConclusionsHFOs seems to be correlated with external urethral sphincter (EUS) bursting activity during voiding. Both the bladder voiding efficiency and the periodic EUS activity were decreased in SCI rats. 5‐HT7 receptor agonist can enhance HFO activity, thereby improving voiding efficiency. Whether or not these results may have implications for the future treatment of voiding dysfunction in SCI patients remains to be studied. Neurourol. Urodynam. 33:1165–1170, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An advanced finite element formulation for piezoelectric shell structures
Authors: Legner D. , Klinkel S. , Wagner W. 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARYPiezoelectric materials are increasingly employed throughout the field of sensor and actuator applications. The physical description leads to a boundary value problem with electromechanically coupled differential equations that can be solved approximatively, for example, by the FEM. As the structures usually are quite thin, piezoelectric shell elements are very well suited for this task. In piezoelectric materials, the mechanical and the electrical fields are coupled by the constitutive relations. Especially for problems dominated by bending, this results in incompatibilities when using element formulations where the mechanical and the electrical DOFs are interpolated with lowest order functions. As a consequence, parasitic approximations and incorrect computation results occur. The present work proposes a concept to avoid these incompatible approximation spaces and the occurring computation errors when dealing with thin structures. The element is based on a mixed variational formulation and uses six mechanical and two electrical nodal DOFs. It employs the Reissner–Mindlin kinematics, considers strains throughout the thickness, and allows for 3D‐electromechanical constitutive relations. Numerical examples show that the element formulation is electromechanically consistent and enables to analyze piezoelectric shell structures without parasitic approximations for all typical load cases. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Error estimation and model adaptation for a stochastic‐deterministic coupling method based on the Arlequin framework
Authors: Zaccardi C. , Chamoin L. , Cottereau R. , Ben Dhia H. 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARYThe paper deals with the issue of accuracy for multiscale methods applied to solve stochastic problems. It more precisely focuses on the control of a coupling, performed using the Arlequin framework, between a deterministic continuum model and a stochastic continuum one. By using residual‐type estimates and adjoint‐based techniques, a strategy for goal‐oriented error estimation is presented for this coupling and contributions of various error sources (modeling, space discretization, and Monte Carlo approximation) are assessed. Furthermore, an adaptive strategy is proposed to enhance the quality of outputs of interest obtained by the coupled stochastic‐deterministic model. Performance of the proposed approach is illustrated on 1D and 2D numerical experiments. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimal boundary control of the unsteady Burgers equation with simultaneous space‐time discretization
Authors: Karasözen B. , Yılmaz F. 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARYThe optimality system for boundary controlled unsteady Burgers equation is transformed after linearization into a biharmonic equation in the space–time domain. It is then discretized in space and time simultaneously, so that standard finite element software can be easily implemented. Numerical experiments with and without control constraint problems confirm the applicability of this approach. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rhodium(I) and Silver(I) Complexes of 4, 5‐Dicyano‐1, 3‐dimesityl‐ and 4, 5‐Dicyano‐1, 3‐dineopentylimidazol‐2‐ylidene
Authors: Baier Heiko , Kelling Alexandra , Jackstell Ralf , Holdt Hans‐Jürgen 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe new N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) precursors 4, ‐dicyano‐1, ‐dimesityl‐ (9) and 4, 5‐dicyano‐1, 3‐dineopentyl‐2‐(pentafluorophenyl)imidazoline (14) were synthesized. The structure of 9 could be determined by X‐ray crystallography. With the 2‐pentafluorophenyl‐substituted imidazolines 9 and 14, the [AgCl(NHC)], [RhCl(COD)(NHC)], and [RhCl(CO)2(NHC)] complexes [NHC = 4, 5‐dicyano‐1, 3‐dimesitylimidazol‐2‐ylidene (3) and 4, 5‐dicyano‐1, 3‐dineopentylimidazol‐2‐ylidene (4)] were obtained. Crystal structures of [AgCl(3)] (15), [RhCl(COD)(3)] (17), [RhCl(COD)(4)] (18), and [RhCl(CO)2(3)] (19) were solved and with the crystal data of 19, the percent buried volume ( %Vbur) of 31.8(±0.1) % was determined for NHC 3. Infrared spectra of the imidazolines 9 and 14 and of the complexes 15–20 were recorded and the CO stretching frequencies of complexes 19 and 20 were used to determine the Tolman electronic parameters of the newly obtained NHCs 3 (TEP: 2060 cm–1) and 4 (TEP: 2061 cm–1), thus proving that 1, 3‐substitution of maleonitrile‐NHCs does not have a significant effect for the high π‐acceptor strength of these carbenes.
Preparation of Energetic Poly(azolyl)borates as New Environmentally Benign Green‐Light‐Emitting Species for Pyrotechnics
Authors: Klapötke Thomas M. , Rusan Magdalena , Sproll Véronique 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThree different energetic poly(azolyl)borates, potassium dihydridobis(4‐nitroimidazolyl)borate, sodium dihydridobis(4, 5‐dinitroimidazolyl)borate, and sodium dihydridobis(3, 4,5‐trinitropyrazolyl)borate, were synthesized as starting materials for metal‐free environmentally benign green‐light‐emitting substitutes for barium salts in pyrotechnical mixtures. The compounds were analyzed by NMR and Raman spectroscopy and high mass resolution spectrometry. Moreover, the energetic properties regarding physical and thermal stability were determined. The 11B NMR chemical shifts were calculated and compared to the experimental values and intense investigations on the formation of poly(4‐nitroimidazolyl)borates were performed. Furthermore, the solvolytic stability towards alcohol and water was tested.
4, 4′‐ and 5, 5′‐Functionalized (S)‐ and (R)‐2, 2′‐Bis(diphenylphosphanyl)‐1, 1′‐binaphthyl Oxide Derivatives
Authors: Wahyu Lestari Witri , Zaake‐Hertling Haldor , Lönnecke Peter , Hey‐Hawkins Evamarie 
Published: July 2013

AbstractA series of 4, 4′‐ and 5, 5′‐functionalized (S)‐ and (R)‐2, 2′‐bis(diphenylphosphanyl)‐1, 1′‐binaphthyl oxide (BINAPO) derivatives were prepared by Suzuki‐Miyaura coupling from 4, 4′‐ and 5, 5′‐dibromo‐BINAPO and the corresponding boronic acid, RB(OH)2 [R = 4‐(methoxycarbonyl)phenyl, 3‐pyridyl and 4‐pyridyl]. The carboxylic acid‐substituted BINAPO derivatives were obtained from the esters by saponification with NaOH. The novel BINAPO derivatives were fully characterized by NMR (1H, 13C, 31P), IR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry, and for (S)‐4, 4′‐bis(3‐pyridyl)‐BINAPO, (S)‐5, 5′‐bis(3‐pyridyl)‐BINAPO, and (S)‐ and (R)‐4, 4′‐bis(4‐carboxyphenyl)‐BINAPO also by X‐ray crystallography. They are thermally stable up to 400–440 °C as determined by DTA/TG analysis.
Stapleless Laparoscopic Splenectomy with Individual Vessel Dissection in Patients with Splenomegaly
Authors: Tan JingWang , Chu Yajuan , Tan Yunchang , Dong JiaHong 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundMechanical stapling devices have been established as a mainstay in laparoscopic splenectomy (LS), but limited data are available regarding stapleless LS for splenomegaly with individual vessel dissection (IVD). This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of stapleless LS for splenomegaly and its potential advantage over staple‐based LS.MethodsA total of 51 patients with splenomegaly underwent stapleless LS and were subsequently reviewed. The data collected include the patients’ demographics, operative outcomes, and the rates of conversion to open surgery, complications, and mortality. Multiple linear and logistic regression analyses were used to assess the impact of the primary diagnosis, body mass index (BMI), and massive splenomegaly on the perioperative conversion rate.ResultsThere were no deaths. The mean for various parameters are as follows: spleen length 21.6 cm; spleen weight 1,184 g, operating time 148 min, hospital stay 5.2 days, estimated blood loss 245 ml. The total conversion rate was 9.8 % (including one reoperation for bleeding). The presence of a BMI >30 % and hematologic malignancy—cofactors of portal hypertension (PH)—and a spleen weight >1,000 g were independent predictors of conversion to open surgery.ConclusionsStapleless LS for splenomegaly is feasible and safe in selected patients. It has advantages over traditional procedures using staples, at least in patients with benign splenomegaly. Patients with hematologic malignancy, BMI >30 %, coexistence of PH, and spleen weight >1,000 g are susceptible to bleeding during dissection of the splenic hilum, with use of IVD being relatively limited.
Genome-scale stoichiometry analysis to elucidate the innate capability of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis for electricity generation
Authors: Mao Longfei , Verwoerd Wynand S 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 has been considered as a promising biocatalyst for electricity generation in recent microbial fuel cell research. However, the innate maximum current production potential and underlying metabolic pathways supporting the high current output are still unknown. This is mainly due to the fact that the high-current production cell phenotype results from the interaction among hundreds of reactions in the metabolism and it is impossible for reductionist methods to characterize the pathway selection in such a metabolic state. In this study, we employed computational metabolic techniques, flux balance analysis, and flux variability analysis, to exploit the maximum current outputs of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, in five electron transfer cases, namely, ferredoxin- and plastoquinol-dependent electron transfers under photoautotrophic cultivation, and NADH-dependent mediated electron transfer under photoautotrophic, heterotrophic, and mixotrophic conditions. In these five modes, the maximum current outputs were computed as 0.198, 0.7918, 0.198, 0.4652, and 0.4424 A gDW−1, respectively. Comparison of the five operational modes suggests that plastoquinol-/c-type cytochrome-targeted electricity generation had an advantage of liberating the highest current output achievable for Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. On the other hand, the analysis indicates that the currency metabolite, NADH-, dependent electricity generation can rely on a number of reactions from different pathways, and is thus more robust against environmental perturbations.