bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Economic Burden of Elevated Blood Glucose Levels in 2012: Diagnosed and Undiagnosed Diabetes, Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, and Prediabetes
Authors: Dall Timothy M. , Yang Wenya , Halder Pragna , Pang Bo , Massoudi Marjan , Wintfeld Neil , Semilla April P. , Franz Jerry , Hogan Paul F. 
Published: November 2014

OBJECTIVE
To update estimates of the economic burden of undiagnosed diabetes, prediabetes, and gestational diabetes mellitus in 2012 in the U.S. and to present state-level estimates. Combined with published estimates for diagnosed diabetes, these statistics provide a detailed picture of the economic costs associated with elevated glucose levels.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This study estimated health care use and medical expenditures in excess of expected levels occurring in the absence of diabetes or prediabetes. Data sources that were analyzed include Optum medical claims for ∼4.9 million commercially insured patients who were continuously enrolled from 2010 to 2012, Medicare Standard Analytical Files containing medical claims for ∼2.6 million Medicare patients in 2011, and the 2010 Nationwide Inpatient Sample containing ∼7.8 million hospital discharge records. The indirect economic burden includes reduced labor force participation, missed workdays, and reduced productivity. State-level estimates reflect geographic variation in prevalence, risk factors, and prices.

RESULTS
The economic burden associated with diagnosed diabetes (all ages) and undiagnosed diabetes, gestational diabetes, and prediabetes (adults) exceeded $322 billion in 2012, consisting of $244 billion in excess medical costs and $78 billion in reduced productivity. Combined, this amounts to an economic burden exceeding $1,000 for each American in 2012. This national estimate is 48% higher than the $218 billion estimate for 2007. The burden per case averaged $10,970 for diagnosed diabetes, $5,800 for gestational diabetes, $4,030 for undiagnosed diabetes, and $510 for prediabetes.

CONCLUSIONS
These statistics underscore the importance of finding ways to reduce the burden of prediabetes and diabetes through prevention and treatment.
Air permeability of polyester nonwoven fabrics
Authors: Zhu Guocheng , Kremenakova Dana , Wang Yan , Militky Jiri 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Air permeability is one of the most important properties of non-woven fabrics in many applications. This paper aims to investigate the effects of thickness, porosity and density on the air permeability of needle-punched non-woven fabrics and compare the experimental values with two models which are based on hydraulic radius theory and drag theory, respectively. The air permeability of the samples was measured by an air permeability tester FX3300. The results showed that the air permeability of non-woven fabrics decreased with the increase in thickness and density of samples, increased with the increase of porosity, and the air permeability was not directly proportional to the pressure gradient. Meanwhile, the prediction model based on hydraulic radius theory had a better agreement with experimental values than the model based on drag theory, but the values were much higher than the experimental results, especially for higher porosity and higher pressure gradient.
Design, Construction and Evaluation of Potato Digger with Rotary Blade
Authors: Azizi P. , Dehkordi N. Sakenian , Farhadi R. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Potato has an important role in human food. It was the sixth alimentary product in the world after sugar cane, maze, rice, wheat and milk in 2011 year. In addition, potato is the third product in Iran after wheat and sugar cane in 2011 year. Therefore, any attempt in the improvement of potato harvester will be valuable. In this study, a new semi-mounted one-row potato digger with rotary blade was designed and made in the workshop of Shahrekord University. It can be connected to rotary potato graders. Transmission system was mechanical from tractor (PTO) to blade by belt, pulley, gearbox, chain and sprocket. Blade diameter was 76 cm and the length was 10 cm which was assigned by the researchers. For separating of soil from potato, a helix containing bars with 2.6 cm distance and diameter of 9 mm was applied. Entered soil into set was calculated as 227 ton/h. Required power was got 5.5 horsepower. Computerized model of set was prepared in Mechanical Desktop Software and potato motion was studied in Visual Nastran Software. The device was tested at field with various advance speed, blade angle and rotational speed. Results showed that advance speed of 1.5-3 km/h, rotational speed of 20-25 RPM and blade angle of 10- 15° were proper for system. The average of damaged potatoes was 4%.
Stimulated Effect of Organic and Inorganically Originated Transitory Nitrogen Sources on the Nutrient Concentration, Uptake and Production of Hybrid Maize
Authors: Waseem M. , Tahir M. , Bakhat H.F. , Khan I. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Soil productivity one of the essential factors which enhanced either through adding the chemical fertilizer or by incorporation of organic sources of nutrients to the soil. Regardless by the used of imbalanced fertilizer without the application of organic manure and without seeking knowledge of crops and fertility classification of soil causes to much hazards such as deterioration of soil structure, soil and water pollution etc. Two years field experiment was carried out to check the impact of transitory nitrogen sources on the nutrient concentration, uptake and production of hybrid maize at the Agronomic Research Area, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan, during the year 2008-2009. Treatments included two hybrids: H1 (Pioneer-30Y87) and H2 (Pioneer-31R88) with six nitrogen sources each, which included at the rate of S0: control (0) kg N ha-1, S1: chemical source (urea) 250 kg N ha-1, S2: poultry manure (PM) 9.6 t ha-1, S3: farm yard manure (FYM) 17.8 t ha-1, S4: pressmud of sugarcane (PMS) 8.5 t ha-1 and S5: compost (C) 10.0 t ha-1. Finding concluded that changing effect of nitrogen sources on both maize hybrid was found to be non significant during 2008-2009 while grain yield was significant during both years. Maximum nutrient concentration, uptake and yield were observed with nitrogen source S1: chemical source (urea) 250 kg N ha-1 during 2008-2009 as compared to other nitrogen sources and minimum was found in control (0) kg N ha-1, respectively. Interaction among hybrid and nitrogen sources was found to be non significant.
Decision-Making and Sources of Evidence in Occupational Therapy and Other Health Professions. Evidence-Informed Practice / Entscheidungsfindung und Evidenzquellen in der Ergotherapie und weiteren Gesundheitsberufen. Evidenzinformierte Praxis
Authors: Tomlin George S. , Dougherty Deborah 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Contemporary conditions require health professionals both to employ published evidence in their individual practices and as a profession to produce valid evidence of their outcome effectiveness. Heretofore, these two processes of evidence-based practice have often been confounded as one. This theoretical paper separates the two processes into «Evidence-Supported Practice» and «Evidence-Informed Practice.» Each requires a different approach to evidence accumulation and use. Nonetheless, the two processes can and should be interlinked. For external (research) evidence, the research pyramid model values equally the internal and external validity of studies, as both are important for the implementation of external evidence. Furthermore, external evidence must be combined with internal evidence (data generated in the course of interaction with a client) in the decision-making of practitioners. Examples from recent research on occupational therapy practice and literature from several other health professions are cited for illustration. This paper formulates a more comprehensive model for evidence-based practice. From this model follow specific recommendations for practitioners, researchers, and educators in the health professions.
Diagnostic Validity of the Basler Vegetative State Assessment - BAVESTA / Diagnostische Validität des Basler Vegetative State Assessments - BAVESTA
Authors: Huber Marion , Koch Stefanie , Hund-Georgiadis Margret , Mäder Mark , Borgwardt Stefan , Stieglitz Rolf-Dieter 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Clinical assessments should meet the general psychometric properties of reliability and validity. Furthermore there are requirements in matters of diagnostic validity and usability. In regards to patients with severe brain damage, both issues can mainly be implemented by detecting and assessing returning abilities as early as possible, in order to use them for treatment planning. Main aim of this article is to investigate whether the newly developed and validated interprofessional Basel Vegetative State Assessment (BAVESTA) meets these practice criteria.
Data were collected as part of validity assessment of BAVESTA. Using the Glasgow Coma Scale as a reference, predictive parameters and measures of effect are calculated. Moreover, expert users were interviewed and results are presented in a descriptive way. With a sensitivity of .84 and a specificity of .85, the BAVESTA can be regarded as suitable in differentiating between Vegetative State and further states of remission such as the Minimally Conscious State.
Expert users regard BAVESTA as eligible for mapping rehabilitative process of patients with severely impaired consciousness. They agree upon the fact that all relevant areas are covered by BAVESTA.
The BAVESTA displays high levels of differentiation, in regards to both sensitivity and specificity. However, measures of effect ought generally to be regarded with caution, as reference standards have not been developed for the area of rehabilitation. Considering time expenditure, BAVESTA is rated as only marginally feasible by expert users.
It should be continued to investigate BAVESTA in regards to its diagnostic quality, integrating electrophysical diagnostic tools as reference standards.
An Empirical Analysis of Economic and Socio-Demographic Determinants of Entrepreneurship Across German Regions
Authors: Mrożewski Matthias 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Entrepreneurship is fundamental for a country's economic development through its positive effect on innovation, productivity growth, and job creation. In entrepreneurial research, one of the most important problems is to define the factors that actually determine entrepreneurial action. This study analyzes that question in the case of Germany by taking an aggregated approach that focuses on socio-demographic and economic determinants of regional entrepreneurship. Based on a literature review of German and international regional-level research, six hypotheses are developed and empirically tested using the most recent available data on 385 German regions as units of analysis. The results are surprising. In the case of household income, unemployment, education and marital status the relationship is significant but contrary to earlier research. Only regional age structure seems to be a stable predictor of regional entrepreneurship. The results indicate that in recent years there was a major shift in the determinants and characteristics of entrepreneurship in Germany.
Effect of moisture content on textural attributes of dried figs
Authors: Ansari Sara , Maftoon-Azad Neda , Farahnaky Asgar , Hosseini Ebrahim , Badii Fojan 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Due to their soft texture consumers prefer moist figs, which has motivated fig processors to increase the production of this product. However, as water enhances the browning reaction rate, moisture content optimisation of moist figs is very important. Processed figs must have suitable texture softness with browning kept to a minimum. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of moisture content on the textural attributes of dried figs. Hardness, compression energy, gradient, gumminess and chewiness of fig samples decreased with moisture content exponentially, whereas the trend of springiness and cohesiveness with change of moisture content was nearly constant. Moreover, in the texture profile analysis plot of rehydrated figs, the presence of negative area is an indication of adhesiveness which was zero in control dried figs. The results of the texture profile analysis tests proved the existence of a critical moisture content of about 18.4%, above which no significant effect of moisture content on textural parameters was found. The glass-rubber transition results from differential scanning calorimeter may explain the different texture profile analysis attributes of dried figs compared with rehydrated figs.
Simultaneous monitoring of electrical capacitance and water uptake activity of plant root system
Authors: Cseresnyés Imre , Takács Tünde , Füzy Anna , Rajkai Kálmán 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Pot experiments were designed to test the applicability of root electrical capacitance measurement for in situ monitoring of root water uptake activity by growing cucumber and bean cultivars in a growth chamber. Half of the plants were inoculated with Funneliformis mosseae arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, while the other half served as non-infected controls. Root electrical capacitance and daily transpiration were monitored during the whole plant ontogeny. Phenology-dependent changes of daily transpiration (related to root water uptake) and root electrical capacitance proved to be similar as they showed upward trends from seedling emergence to the beginning of flowering stage, and thereafter decreased continuously during fruit setting. A few days after arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi-colonization, daily transpiration and root electrical capacitance of infected plants became significantly higher than those of non-infected counterparts, and the relative increment of the measured parameters was greater for the more highly mycorrhizal-dependent bean cultivar compared to that of cucumber. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonization caused 29 and 69% relative increment in shoot dry mass for cucumbers and beans, respectively. Mycorrhization resulted in 37% increase in root dry mass for beans, but no significant difference was observed for cucumbers. Results indicate the potential of root electrical capacitance measurements for monitoring the changes and differences of root water uptake rate.
The Impact of Corporate Reputation and Information Sharing on Value Creation for Organizational Customers
Authors: Žabkar Vesna , Arslanagić-Kalajdžić Maja 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The importance of corporate communication to build, protect and maintain corporate reputation has been advocated in numerous publications in recent years. The main goal of this paper is to provide an understanding of the impact of corporate reputation and information sharing on value creation. Both reputation and information sharing represent signals that customers observe in the process of value creation, which is seen as the end focus for corporate marketing. The paper draws on signaling theory and corporate marketing literature from the European and American schools of thought.
The empirical test of the hypothesized model focuses on the banking industry. Organizational customers from a South East European country shared their views about banks they currently cooperate with. The research instrument contained multi-item scales adapted from the existing literature. An analysis using structural equation modeling confirmed that corporate reputation positively and significantly influences customer perceived value. The effect of information sharing on customer perceived value is not direct but mediated by corporate reputation. This finding contributes to the existing discussion on the role of corporate reputation and communication as antecedents in the process of value creation.
Status Identification and Prediction of Kaziranga-Karbi Anglong Wildlife Corridor of Assam, India, Using Geospatial Technology
Authors: Sharma Bhavna , Sarma Kiranmay 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
In the present study, an attempt has been made to discover the impacts of various developmental activities on the Kaziranga-Karbi Anglong wildlife corridor of Assam, India, using geospatial technology; as well as to predict the future status of the wildlife corridor by using the Cellular Automata Markov Model. Due to various anthropogenic activities the condition of the natural corridor has deteriorated, and in recent years many wild animals have been killed by road traffic accidents; in particular, greater one-horned (Indian) rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis) are killed indiscriminately by the poachers, having been deviated from their regular routes. Changes were evident during the two decades between 1990 and 2010, when a large number of dense forest areas were converted to open forest, combined with losses of areas of scrub and marshy land. The area under agriculture and plantation crop increased along with the grassland during the decades. It has been found that the forests in Kaziranga-Karbi Anglong corridor are fragmented, and the area within the corridor is shrinking. There is considerable increase in patchiness, proportion of edge, and a perforated reduction of core areas within the corridor. The predicted land use/cover map of Kaziranga-Karbi Anglong corridor shows expansion of agricultural land, as well as plantation areas. It is estimated that only 25.66 percent of the present dense forest and 20.72 percent of open forest will remain by 2030, while areas under agriculture and plantation will increase by 33.91 and 5.33 percent, respectively.
Local Community Versus Globalization Tendencies: Case Study of Czech Villages in Romanian Banat Region
Authors: Šantrůčková Markéta , Pákozdiová Mária , Hamanová Monika 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The research question is the relationship between the local community and globalization tendencies and transformation or maintenance of local traditions. The research area is a specific locality of a Czech village in Romanian Banat. The local community has evolved in a relative isolation. Agriculture was the most important activity despite the fact that a mining factory was opened there. Agriculture was and in many features still is traditional, self-supplying, and hard-work. The life-style has always been environmentally friendly as it has been without modern technologies. Nevertheless, modernization exploded dramatically in these villages after 1989, when the communist policies collapsed along with Romania's isolation. People from the Czech Republic have rediscovered Romanian Banat and a rather busy (agro) tourism has developed there. The Czech Ministry of Foreign Affairs supports development projects for making living conditions in the village better. Simultaneously, strong migration from Banat to the Czech Republic has started. People find living conditions in the Czech Republic easier and leave hard work, poverty and unemployment. It brings huge land cover changes because people who remain cannot use all arable land, which is thus abandoned and left for the natural process. One of the distinct manifestations of globalization tendencies is the build-up of wind power plants.
Eating Three Times a Day
Authors: Hensler Douglas A. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
In poor countries, the burgeoning middle-class population, people who eat three times a day1, is placing profound worldwide price pressure on food and natural resources. This keynote address examines the implications of the boom in middle-class population on the world economy and innovation. Where not long ago food production was aplenty and the problem was distribution, today growing middle-class demand on food production has prices of food staples such as wheat and corn, and their derivatives, inflating. This follows the trend in the growth of prices of natural resources and durable commodities emanating from economic globalization and the building of infrastructure. This keynote address examines the five prices that are in play in the global economy and a brief perspective through the supply chain window. The address also examines implications of the middle-class boom and the additional importance this places on innovation, particularly in three areas of economic structure.
A Proposed Knowledge Management System in SOFCON: Saudi Arabia Perspectives
Authors: Magd Hesham , Hamza Salah 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Knowledge management has became vital in organizations in today's business environment as the implementation of knowledge management tends to provide benefits such as an enhanced way to organize existing corporate knowledge; making individuals more effective at sharing explicit knowledge; and providing new ways to expose tacit knowledge, and in turn this will lead to competitive advantage. It has been argued that the role of quality professional can contribute greatly to knowledge management to include raising strategic awareness, improving the knowledge management process, cost minimization through the usage of one model to blend knowledge management and quality verification and leading the way, and in turn achieving organizational competitiveness. Due to the contribution of quality professional to the enhancement of the knowledge management process, it is suggested that a quality management system that supports all the quality management dimensions and knowledge creation processes will be more effective than one that does not. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to establish a knowledge management system where quality professional will be a key player in capturing the knowledge needed for the needs of small and medium sized organizations in Saudi Arabia.
Performance of Initial Public Offerings: Evidence from Hong Kong
Authors: Ho Horace 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
This paper presents the findings of a study on the performance of the initial public offerings (IPO) of shares listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange (HKEx), which has been the largest IPO market in the world since 2009. One indicator of the success of an IPO is its subscription rate, which can be used as a proxy for the level of investor confidence in the stock being offered. This paper examines the relationship between the performance of an IPO and its subscription rate, and the corporate factors that may affect an investor's decision to subscribe to an IPO. The Hong Kong evidence can help shed light on the importance of agency cost in the pricing of IPOs.
Thermal stability for the effective use of commercial catalase
Authors: Miłek J. , Wójcik M. , Verschelde W. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Catalase with the commercial catalase name Terminox Ultra is widely used in the textile industry in bleaching processes. This enzyme is used to catalyse the decomposition of residual hydrogen peroxide into oxygen and water. In this study catalase was kept for about 30 hours in water baths in a temperature range from 35 to 70°C. For the first time, the kinetics of thermal deactivation of this enzyme was examined using an oxygen electrode. Stability of the enzyme depends strongly on temperature and its half-life times are 0.0014 h and 7.6 h, at 35 and 70°C, respectively.
Behavior of arsenic in hydrometallurgical zinc production and environmental impact
Authors: Peltekov A.B. , Boyanov B.S. , Markova T.S. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The presence of arsenic in zinc sulphide concentrates is particularly harmful, because it creates problems in zinc electrolysis. The main source of arsenic in non-ferrous metallurgy is arsenopyrite (FeAsS). In oxidative roasting of zinc concentrates, FeAsS oxidizes to arsenic oxides (As2O3, As2O5). In this connection a natural FeAsS was examined, and also the distribution of arsenic in the products of the roasting process, the cycle of sulphuric acid obtaining and the leaching of zinc calcine were studied. The arsenic contamination of soils in the vicinity of nonferrous metals smelter KCM SA, Plovdiv, Bulgaria as a result of zinc and lead productions has been studied.