bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A 1+ Mechanism Model for Predicting the Mixed-Oil Concentration in Multiproduct Pipelines
Authors: Yuan Ziyun , Chen Lei , Liu Gang , Li Zukui , Pan Yuanhao , Wu Yuchen , Ji Haoyang 
Published: July 2024

Summary
Petroleum products are frequently transported successively through the same multiproduct pipeline. Due to turbulent and convective diffusion mass transfer, two adjacent oils will mix with each other, forming a mixed-oil segment. Accurate and rapid prediction of mixed-oil concentration is crucial for the precise management of mixed-oil segments. Conventional 1D modeling methods exhibit shortcomings in accurately representing the asymmetric distribution characteristics of mixed-oil concentration curves, and high-dimensional models are not practically applied due to their prohibitive computational time costs. Building on the 1D model framework, this paper proposes a “1+” mechanism model by considering the convective mass transfer behavior between the turbulent core region and the laminar boundary layer, and new governing equations and corresponding numerical solution methods are also introduced. Simulation experiments affirm the ability of the new model to characterize the asymmetric distribution features of mixed-oil concentration curves, along with its high computational efficiency in engineering applications. This is demonstrated by the computational time of approximately 30 seconds for simulating a pipeline of 300 km in length (Δx = 10 m, Δt = 1 second, CPU: i5-12500H, RAM: 16 GB). When applied to pipelines in industrial scenarios, the new model is shown to accurately predict the distribution of mixed-oil concentration curves. The research findings are significantly beneficial in assisting field personnel to gain advanced insights into the mixed-oil concentration distribution at the station, enabling timely and well-informed strategies for handling mixed-oil segment, thereby enhancing the operational efficiency of multiproduct pipelines.
Application of computer vision technology to the regurgitation behavior of fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: Xiong Mengyuan , Zhan Wei , Zheng Shuangjin , Han Tao , Liu Hu , Li Weihao , Sun Yong 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Fruit fly regurgitation contains a variety of behavioral information such as predation and defense. The study of regurgitation behavior in fruit fly helps to understand the intrinsic connection between other physiological behaviors of fruit fly,which is helpful for fruit fly-specific control and can significantly improve the quality and yield of fruits. In this paper, based on the existing network models, three different methods based on computer vision techniques are proposed to recognize fruit fly regurgitation, extract regurgitation spots and track the trajectong of fruit fly regurgitation. And the methods can be applied to other insect behavioral studies. The Top-1 Accuracy of I3D model in fruit fly regurgitation recognition registers 96.3 percent. The MIOU of the combination of Unet and CBAM attention mechanism in segmenting regurgitated spots can achieve 90.96 percent. Then we conducted threshold segmentation, using OpenCV to calculate the amount and area of regurgitation spots. The accuracy of Yolov5 in detecting fruit fly reached 99.8 percent. And combined with DeepSort model, it can track fruit fly accurately.
Fetal Heart Diseases and Neonatal Mortality: Risk Factors and Management
Authors: Ozdemir Mucize Eric , Demirci Oya , Kumru Pinar , Ohanoglu Karolin , Bas Ozge Burcin Topcu , Cambaztepe Busra , Eyisoy Gokhan , Yucel Ilker Kemal 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Fetal heart diseases significantly contribute to neonatal mortality. Improved prenatal diagnostics enable defect detection before delivery, emphasizing the need for a personalized approach to address anomalies and predict outcomes. Categorizing diseases into risk classes aids obstetricians in counseling and delivery decisions. This study classifies fetal heart diseases by severity, examining factors related to maternal, fetal, and delivery that affect neonatal mortality. The aim is to identify key determinants of neonatal mortality and create an individual approach to assess and manage risks in the first days of a newborn's life.
Methods
A prospective study from 2019 to 2023 at a tertiary care institute involved pregnant women diagnosed with fetal heart disease. 382 women were categorized into three groups based on potential risk for hemodynamic instability at birth: Group-1 (no or low risk, n = 114), Group-2 (moderate risk, n = 201), and Group-3 (high risk, n = 67). Antenatal follow-up used fetal echocardiography. The study explored the association between maternal-fetal-delivery-related factors and neonatal mortality, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05.
Results
Significant associations with neonatal mortality were found in cases with birth weight < 2500 grams (p = 0.002), presence of genitourinary system anomaly (p = 0.001), group-2 and 3 heart disease (p < 0.001), and induction of labor (p = 0.01).
Conclusion
Factors influencing neonatal mortality in fetal heart disease cases include heart disease severity (group-3 heart disease), low birth weight, and extracardiac anomalies. While labor induction with prostaglandin ± oxytocin appears to elevate neonatal mortality, this observation requires further validation with larger sample sizes. Obstetricians should consider selective use of prostaglandin for labor induction.
Ephaptic coupling distance between myelinated axons is not static but a dynamic function of neural code and axonal plasticity
Authors: Maharatna Koushik , Das Sarbani , Vargas-Caballero Mariana 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

In this paper, using resistor-capacitor modelling, for the first time we established a generalised theoretical framework to quantitatively characterise the governing parameters for inducing Action Potential (AP) from one myelinated axon to another via Ephaptic Coupling (EC) phenomenon. Analyses of the model showed that the EC distance is a dynamic function of (1) the instantaneous frequency of the AP train, which in essence represents a neural code, in the driving fibre, (2) the (mis)alignment of the Nodes of Ranvier (NR) between the driving and the driven fibre, and 3) the radii of the driving and the driven NR. The last two factors are intrinsically related to axonal plasticity that takes effect at a longer timescale compared to the first factor. We also showed that a driving NR can induce AP to a maximum of 6 NRs in a homogeneous nerve bundle while in a heterogeneous nerve bundle AP could be induced by one NR to another if the radius of the driven NR is less than 6-times the radius of the driving NR. The set of rules developed in this work gives an objective guideline for (1) understanding how a neural code transmitted by a neural population to another could get modified during its propagation via a nerve bundle connecting them such as, the White Matter Tracts and Spinal Nerves, and 2) selecting appropriate stimulation parameters to dynamically modify neural codes in a nerve bundle for treating various nerve disorders.
Current and future predicted distribution of roosts of the Indian Flying Fox Pteropus medius Temmink, 1825 in Nepal
Authors: Thapa Sanjan , Dahal Dibya Raj , Baral Suraj , Pandey Kishor , Thapa Tej Bahadur , Racey Paul A. , Yu Wenhua , Wu Yi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

The Indian Flying Fox Pteropus medius, largest of the four fruit bat species in Nepal and is extensively distributed in South Asia. Their known roosts are distributed within an elevation range of 75 to 1,322 m asl east to west in the Tarai, Chure, Inner-Tarai and central Middle Mountains regions of the country. In Nepal, the species is known to pollinate and disperse seeds of more than 26 families of flowering plants. Most of the known roosts lie within and in the close vicinity of urban land and agricultural areas. Recently, impacts of global warming on roosting and foraging habitats of fruit bats including flying foxes have been evidenced in different parts of the globe, however, it is still unknown in Nepal. In addition, most of the known roosting colonies of P. medius are outside the protected areas and are vulnerable due to greater threats. To assess habitat suitability, we deployed Maximum Entropy modelling using 44 geo-referenced roosts occurrence coordinates of P. medius and 11 bio-climatic variables and land use land cover data layer with low inter-correlation (r > 0.75). The current potential distribution of the species covers an area of 16,642 Km2 (about 11.3% of the country’s total area). The most influencing predictors for the habitat suitability are identified as; urban land, water source and Annual Mean Temperature. Our model projects that the majority (99%) of the current distribution range for P. medius will remain suitable in the future, although it will expand within the lower elevations in the Tarai, Chure and Inner-Tarai regions. A shift towards northern latitude and higher elevations is not anticipated. It is imperative to record and model foraging sites occurrence to better predict the flying fox distribution in the future. Since the roosting colonies are within the settlements and farmlands, our finding can be utilized for regular surveillance and monitoring of the roosting colonies from the health perspective. Conservation efforts should focus on conservation of water source, plantation of tall and broad canopy trees and regular monitoring of roosting sites to safeguard existing roosts of the species with the prevalence of the global warming.
Impacts Of Agricultural Machine Renting on Cereal Crop Productivity and Commercialization in West Gojjam Zone, Ethiopia
Authors: Tilahun Selam , Kuma Berhanu , Bedemo Amsalu 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

This study investigated the impacts of agricultural machine renting on cereal crop productivity and commercialization. The study used cross-sectional data collected from 192 agricultural machine users and 208 non-users from West Gojjam zone, Northern Ethiopia. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and econometric models. The econometric model includes Trans log production function, Endogenous switch regression and propensity score matching. The result of descriptive statistics showed that the total factor productivity index of the cereal crop was 2.89, and the mean commercialization index for the sample households was .0.506. The results of Trans log production function model showed an average level of Technical Efficiency of 80.6%. The result of endogenous switching regression and propensity score matching models showed that agricultural machine renting had a positive and significant impact on the selected outcome variables, total factor productivity, technical efficiency and output commercialization index. Based on the findings, the study suggests that the government and stakeholders should focus on strengthening the provision of formal and informal education, development of infrastructures, extension service, to promote agricultural machine renting service, and enhance cereal crops productivity and commercialization.
Digital technologies and the teaching of science process skills in early childhood development classrooms of Zimbabwe
Authors: Pakombwele Agnes , Tsakeni Maria 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

The Fourth Industrial Revolution has prompted the use of digital technologies in the field of education. The technology offers opportunities that facilitate blended, on-line and mobile learning. In 2015, Zimbabwe introduced a competency –based curriculum for primary and secondary education which emphasizes on continuous development of 21st competencies from early childhood. Information and communication technology (ICT) literacy, as one of the 21st century skills emphasises that the use of digital technologies improves the quality of teaching and learning, efficacy and accessibility from early childhood development. In this context, the study sought to interrogate the current teachers’ practices on the implementation of digital technologies in ECD (Early Childhood Development) classrooms. The study adopted an interpretive paradigm and a multiple case study design involving three schools from three purposively selected ECD teachers. Data was gathered through semi structured interviews, observations and analysis of teacher artifacts. Though teachers were facing various challenges in implementing digital technologies, the approach is beneficial to young learners as future citizens to function effectively in digital environments. Schools require ECD educators to transition to multiple ways of using digital technologies to teach young learners through digital materials. The paper also suggests some implications and recommendations for early education practitioners, policy makers and researchers who are interested in integrating digital technology into early years.
Clinical Significance of Cycle Threshold Value of Nasopharyngeal COVID-19 PCR on Disease Outcome: An Egyptian Study
Authors: Mohammad Mai H. S. , Anani Maha M. , Amer Shaimaa A.A.M. , Hassan Adel A. , Elsamahy Mohamed A. , Attya Heba , Attia Fadia M. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objectives: To study the correlation between the cycle threshold (CT) of reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) test in confirmed Covid-19 patients and the clinical course outcomes of disease.
Study design: This is a retrospective cross sectional comparative study that started From August -2021 to – January 2022.
Methods: 1350 patients with COVID-19 infection subjected to real time PCR which compared according to their status (negative, weak positive and positive) regarding risk factors and clinical outcomes.
Results: Of the first 1530 patients presented to Suez Canal University isolation hospital, 224 (14.6%) died, 1275 (83.3%) were admitted to hospital and were improved, and 21(1.37%) were sent for home isolation. The most common presenting symptoms were fever (1054/1530), cough (1057/1530), and dyspnea (1073/1530). The most common baseline comorbidities included hypertension 482(31.5%), diabetes 406(26.5%), ischemic heart disease 103 (6.7%), and Cardiovascular stroke CVS 81(5.3).
Conclusion: Data suggest that lower Ct values may be associated with worse outcomes and that Ct values may be useful in predicting the clinical course and prognosis of patients with Covid-19; however, further studies are warranted to confirm its clinical value.
What is missing from the omnichannel shopping experience? Probing the drivers of loyalty in the food retail sector.
Authors: Moatshe Palesa , Tsvakirai Chiedza , Tshehla Makgopa 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

The adoption of the omnichannel marketing model has introduced greater options for businesses for both online and in-store interaction with customers. Previous research has shown that the convenience of online marketing has facilitated many repeat purchases, but a good in-store experience remains a key determinant of customer loyalty. This study aimed to investigate the elements of the customer experience in physical shopping that motivate customer loyalty. Using qualitative analysis, the study found consumers’ positive perceptions of the quality of service delivered had positive associations with affective motivations for loyalty, while their perceptions of the fairness of goods’ pricing appealed to cognitive motivations for loyalty. Consumers’ positive perceptions about the quality of products purchased nurtured both affective and cognitive motivations for loyalty. Other results indicated that gains in affective motivations could be eroded by shortcomings in delivering cognitive motivations. The lack of consistency in reinforcing cognitive motivations was a key missing component in customers’ experience. The study contributes to literature by providing pointers for the marketing strategies that link food retailers’ efforts to the unique motivations for loyalty.
Epithermal neutron activation dosimetry - (n,γ) reactions under boron-based filters
Authors: Radulović Vladimir , Thiollay Nicolas , Carcreff Hubert , Pungerčič Anže , Ambrožič Klemen , Destouches Christophe , Trkov Andrej 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Neutron activation dosimetry is the primary method for the determination of the neutron flux or fluence, and in general, it is sensitive to the thermal and resonance energy ranges (radiative capture reactions - (n,g) reactions) and the fast energy range (threshold reactions). However, there are very few nuclear reactions which are sensitive specifically to neutrons in the intermediate - epithermal - energy region. This energy region, along with the fast energy range, will become particularly important in the development and deployment of new reactor technologies (Generation IV reactors and Small Modular Reactors - SMRs), which are currently being championed as technologies enabling a meaningful contribution to decarbonization and the fight against climate change, as well as nuclear fusion. The epithermal neutron energy range is also of particular importance for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT), a neutron-based cancer therapy, particularly effective for the treatment of head and neck cancer, malignant meningioma, melanoma and hepatocellular carcinoma. This work investigates and demonstrates the applicability of a particular set of (n,g) reactions in conjunction with boron-based neutron filters to achieve sensitivity in the epithermal energy region, and discusses avenues for future research in this context.
Perceive Stress and Betel Quid Dependence Associated with Reasons for Betel Quid Chewing: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Chiu Su-Erh , Hsu Mei-Hui , Kang Chung-Jan , Chen Shu-Ching 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Aims: Social culture concerns and BQ dependence maybe the potential reasons for BQ chewing. This study’s purpose was to identify the correlates of reasons for betel quid (BQ) chewing.
Methods: We adopted a mixed-methodsdesign design. The study was conducted between October 2021 and August 2023 at a medical center of northern Taiwan. The Reasons for Betel-Quid Chewing Scale, Numeric Rating Scale, and Betel Quid Dependence Scalewere used to quantitatively assess reasons for betel quid chewing, stress, and betel quid dependence, respectively. Semi-structured questions were used to interview for qualitative data.
Results: The most common reasons for betel quid chewing were stimulation, reinforcement, and social/cultural factors. Chewers who reported more pressure to chew were more likely to be younger, have less educational level, be employed, have greater stress, and have more betel quid dependence. Content analysis of qualitative data showed three themes: physical and psychological demands, peer pressure, and perceived greater effectiveness.
Conclusion: Employment was the factor most commonly associated with reasons for betel quid chewing and with each construct. Study findings can help healthcare professionals understand reasons for betel quid chewing, thereby helping them educate chewers to cope with withdrawal symptoms and successfully quit.
Gamma Radiation Assisted Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles-Loaded (Polyacrylamide/Chitosan) Hydrogel Nanocomposites and their Using as Antifungal against Candida albicans and Anti-Cancer Modulator
Authors: Khalil Salwa A. , Awadallah-F Ahmed , Khaffaga Mervat R. , Fathy Rasha Mohammad , Kodous Ahmad S. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Silver nanoparticles-loaded hydrogel nanocomposites are employed for medicinal and pharmaceutical applications.Hydrogel nanocomposites were synthesized from acrylamide (Am), chitosan (CS) and AgNO3 using gamma irradiation. Different parameters were exploited in synthesis of silver nanoparticles-laoded hydrogel nanocomposites of (PAm/CS)-AgNPs such as effect of irradiation dose and effect of CS concentration. Diverse techniques were used to characterize hydrogel nanocomposites; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and scanning electron microscopy SEM. Results confirmed the formation of silver nanoparticles-loaded hydrogel nanocomposites of (PAm/CS)-AgNPs. Antifungal activity of (PAm/CS)-AgNPs hydrogel nanocomposites on viability of C. albicans was assessed. Results showed the efficient microbial inhibition activity of treatment against C. albicans comparable to control. Also, (PAm/CS)-AgNPs hydrogel nanocomposite against cervical cancer HeLa cell line was studied. Cytotoxicity of (PAm/CS)-AgNPs hydrogel nanocomposites on prior cancer cell line led to the prohibition of the cell growth evalauted by the MTT test. The HeLa cancer cell is traeted by (PAm/CS)-AgNPs for 48h showed a possible apoptotic activity by noticeable up-regulation of p53 gene expression. In addition, anticancer activity was examined by down-regulation of platelet-based growth paramater receptor beta (PDGFR-β), Bcl2, Cathepsine, and MMP-2 gene expression.
Evaluating the Clinical Utility of Cervical Cultures in Postpartum Endometritis Management
Authors: Meller Nir , Fluss Ronen , Amit Sharon 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Purpose
To evaluate the utility of cervical cultures in the diagnosis and management of postpartum endometritis.
Methods
A retrospective study was conducted on 1069 cervical cultures collected from postpartum women with suspected endometritis between 2011 and 2021. Patient demographics, obstetric history, clinical parameters, and culture results were analyzed. Microorganisms were categorized into five groups based on species and virulence. Statistical analysis was performed to identify associations between risk factors, pathogens, and disease severity.
Results
The positivity rate for distinct microorganisms in cervical cultures was 33.1%. Escherichia coli (10.8%) and Group B Streptococcus (7.5%) were the most common isolates. Prolonged labor duration and prolonged rupture of membranes were associated with Enterobacterales infections. Elevated white blood cell count was linked to Enterobacterales and Beta-hemolytic Streptococci, whilst the former were also associated with higher rate of postpartum clinic visit. No significant differences in disease severity were found between other microorganism groups.
Conclusion
The study suggests that while cervical cultures can identify potential pathogens in postpartum endometritis, their clinical utility is questionable due to the polymicrobial nature of the disease and the isolation of commensal microorganisms. The lack of significant differences in disease severity across various microorganism groups raises questions regarding the contribution of distinct bacterial identification in endometritis management.