bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Periodontitis, implant loss and peri‐implantitis. A meta‐analysis
Authors: Sgolastra F. , Petrucci A. , Severino M. , Gatto R. , Monaco A. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the present systematic review and meta‐analysis was to assess the role of periodontal disease as a risk factor for implant loss, peri‐implantitis and implant‐bone loss.Materials and methodsSix electronic database and a manual search resulted in 7391 unique publications; after selection only 16 studies were included in systematic review. Dichotomous data were expressed as risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI), while continuous data were expressed as standardized mean difference (SMD). Due to the expected inter‐study heterogeneity, a random effect model was used for both type of data. The pooled effect was considered significant for a P < 0.05.ResultsMeta‐analysis revealed that an higher and significant risk for implant loss was present in patients affected by PD (RR: 1.69, 95% CI: 1.31–2.17, P < 0.0001). A higher and significant IBL was present in patients with periodontal disease, when compared with patients periodontally healthy (SMD: 0.38, 95% CI: 0.18–0.58, P = 0.0002). Patients periodontally compromised showed an increased risk of PI, when compared with patients without periodontitis (RR: 2.17, 95% CI: 1.51–3.12, P < 0.0001) No evidence of significant heterogeneity was detected for the three outcomes.ConclusionStrong evidence suggests that periodontitis is a risk factor for implant loss; moderate evidence revealed that periodontitis is a risk factor for peri‐implantitis and that patients with periodontitis have higher implant‐bone loss.
The Place of Earth in Lutheran Funeral Rites: Mapping the Current Terrain
Authors: Stewart Benjamin M. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractDo funeral rites help Christians leave the earth or return to the earth? This article identifies the conceptual metaphors by which the funeral rites in Evangelical Lutheran Worship portray earth. All of the conceptual metaphors related to earth in the rites identified by this essay are at least compatible with an overarching image of journey, and most of the conceptual metaphors are directly structured by the journey image. While these conceptual metaphors can be understood as mapping a journey that seeks to abandon the earth for an otherworldly heaven, a number of tensions within the metaphors challenge this trajectory with an earthward goal of resting in the fruitful, living earth. The article concludes by briefly identifying some ecotheologically promising synergies between some of the biblical‐theological images and the emerging practices of conservation burial.
A comparison of extraction procedures for water‐extractable organic matter in soils
Authors: Guigue J. , Mathieu O. , Lévêque J. , Mounier S. , Laffont R. , Maron P. A. , Navarro N. , Chateau C. , Amiotte‐Suchet P. , Lucas Y. 
Published: June 2014

SummaryThe characteristics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in soils are often determined through laboratory experiments. Many different protocols can be used to extract organic matter from soil. In this study, we used five air‐dried soils to compare three extraction methods for water‐extractable organic matter (WEOM) as follows: (i) pressurised hot‐water‐extractable organic carbon (PH‐WEOC), a percolation at high pressure and temperature; (ii) water‐extractable organic carbon (WEOC), a 1‐hour end‐over shaking; and (iii) leaching‐extractable organic carbon (LEOC), a leaching of soil columns at ambient conditions. We quantified the extraction yield of organic carbon; the quality of WEOM was characterized by UV absorbance, potential biodegradability (48‐day incubation) and parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) modelling of fluorescence excitation emission matrices (FEEMs). Biodegradation of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was described by two pools of organic C. The proportions of labile and stable DOC pools differed only slightly between the WEOC and LEOC methods, while PH‐WEOC contains more stable DOC. The mineralization rate constants of both labile and stable DOC pools were similar for the three methods. The FEEMs were decomposed into three components: two humic‐like fluorophores and a tryptophan‐like fluorophore. The effect of extraction method was poorly discriminant and the most similar procedures were PH‐WEOC and LEOC while WEOC extracts were depleted in humic‐like fluorophores. This study demonstrates that WEOM quality is primarily determined by soil characteristics and that the extraction method has a smaller, but still significant, impact on WEOM quality. Furthermore, we observed considerable interaction between extraction procedure and soil type, showing that method‐induced differences in WEOM quality vary with soil characteristics.
Frontal and thalamic changes of GABA concentration indicate dysfunction of thalamofrontal networks in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy
Authors: Hattingen Elke , Lückerath Christian , Pellikan Stefanie , Vronski Dmitri , Roth Christine , Knake Susanne , Kieslich Matthias , Pilatus Ulrich 
Published: June 2014

SummaryObjectiveJuvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) has been considered to be a frontal variant of thalamocortical network dysfunction in epilepsy. Changes of γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic neurotransmission may play a key role in this dysfunction. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is the only noninvasive method to measure GABA concentrations in different brain regions. We measured GABA and other metabolite concentrations in the thalamus and frontal lobe of patients with JME.MethodsA specific protocol was used for determining GABA concentrations in the thalamus, frontal lobe, and motor cortex contralateral to the handedness in 15 patients with JME and 15 age‐matched controls. In addition, we measured concentrations of glutamate and glutamine, N‐acetyl‐aspartate (NAA), myoinositol, creatine, and choline using MRS with short echo time. JME‐related concentration changes were analyzed comparing patients to controls, also considering potential effects of antiepileptic drugs.ResultsIn patients with JME, GABA and NAA were reduced in the thalamus (p = 0.03 and p = 0.02), whereas frontal GABA and glutamine were elevated (p = 0.046 and p = 0.03). MRS revealed reduced NAA in the thalamic gray matter contralateral to the handedness (p = 0.04 each). These changes were found consistently in patients treated with new antiepileptic drugs and with valproate, although the extent of metabolic changes differed between these treatments.SignificanceDecreased thalamic and increased frontal GABA suggest a dysfunction of GABAergic neurotransmission in these brain regions of patients with JME. The NAA decrease in the gray matter of the thalamus may hint to a damage of GABAergic neurons, whereas frontal increase of GABA and its precursor glutamine may reflect increased density in GABAergic neurons due to subtle cortical disorganization in the thalamofrontal network.A PowerPoint slide summarizing this article is available for download in the Supporting Information section here.
Cytogenetic biomonitoring in oral leukoplakia patients with mild dysplasia
Authors: Sánchez‐Siles Mariano , Camacho‐Alonso Fabio , Ros‐Llor Irene , López‐Jornet Pia 
Published: June 2014

AbstractObjectiveA study is made of DNA damage and apoptosis in a group of patients with oral leukoplakia (OL) with mild dysplasia.Materials and methodsThe study comprised 30 patients with a clinicopathological diagnosis of OL with mild dysplasia and 30 controls. Both samples were similar in terms of age and gender distribution. Brush samples of lesion epithelial cells were collected, followed by cell centrifugation, preparation of the slides, fixation and staining, and analysis under the fluorescent light microscope. The exfoliated cells were examined to detect micronuclei (MN), nuclear buds, binucleated cells, condensed chromatin, pyknosis, and cells with karyorrhexis and karyolysis.ResultsThe patients with OL with mild dysplasia showed a greater frequency of MN (P < 0.001), nuclear buds (P = 0.018), and binucleated cells (P = 0.008).ConclusionsCytogenetic biomonitoring is a simple and scantly invasive technique allowing clinicians to assess DNA damage and apoptosis in patients with OL.Clinical relevanceOral cancer should be detected and controlled in its precancerous stages in order to increase survival rates. Leukoplakia lesions must be biomonitorized periodically. Biomonitorization offers sensibility, no morbidity, speed, and low cost.
Topical ivermectin versus crotamiton cream 10% for the treatment of scabies
Authors: Goldust Mohamad , Rezaee Elham , Raghiafar Ramin 
Published: June 2014

AbstractScabies, known colloquially as the 7‐year itch, is a contagious skin infection that occurs among humans and other animals. The treatment of choice is still controversial. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of topical ivermectin vs. crotamiton cream 10% for the treatment of scabies. In total, 340 patients with scabies were enrolled, and randomized into two groups. The first group received 1% ivermectin applied topically to the affected skin. The dose employed was 400 μg/kg, repeated once the following week, and the second group received crotamiton 10% cream and were told to apply this twice daily for five consecutive days. Treatment was evaluated at intervals of two and four weeks, and if there was treatment failure at the 2‐week follow‐up, treatment was repeated. Two applications of topical ivermectin provided a cure rate of 64.7% at the 2‐week follow‐up, which increased to 82.3% at the 4‐week follow‐up after repeating the treatment. Treatment with single applications of crotamiton cream 10% was effective in 41.2% of patients at the 2‐week follow‐up, which increased to 64.7% at the 4‐week follow‐up after this treatment was repeated. Ivermectin was quite safe in our cases. Two applications of ivermectin were as effective as single applications of crotamiton 10% cream at the 2‐week follow‐up. After repeating the treatment, ivermectin was superior to crotamiton cream 10% at the 4‐week follow‐up.
Disseminated giant porokeratosis and porokeratosis of Mibelli in Bankura and Bardhaman districts, West Bengal, India
Authors: Koley Sankha , Mandal Rajesh Kumar , Bar Chittaranjan 
Published: June 2014

AbstractPorokeratosis of Mibelli (PM) is a rare genodermatosis. It is caused by proliferation of abnormal clones of epidermal cells in response to several stimuli, the most important of which is sunlight. Giant porokeratosis is thought to be a variant of PM. We report two cases of disseminated PM and one case of disseminated giant porokeratosis from the Bankura and Bardhaman districts of West Bengal in India; presenting to a single observer in the summer of 2012. Interestingly we have noted that the majority of cases of porokeratosis in India have been reported from West Bengal. Few patients with a single lesion of giant porokeratosis have been reported in world literature. As far as we know, this is the first case report of disseminated giant porokeratosis in world literature.
Mannose‐binding lectin exon 1 and promoter polymorphisms in tuberculosis disease in a mediterranean area
Authors: García‐Gasalla M. , Milá Llambí J. , Losada‐López I. , Cifuentes‐Luna C. , Fernández‐Baca V. , Pareja‐Bezares A. , Mir‐Villadrich I. , Payeras‐Cifré A. 
Published: June 2014

SummaryMannose‐binding lectin (MBL) is a serum protein that activates the complement and mediates phagocytosis. MBL levels and MBL2 genotype may impact upon host susceptibility to tuberculosis (TB) disease but evidence to date has been conflicting. MBL2 exon 1 and promoter genotyping and serum MBL concentrations were determined in 79 patients with active tuberculosis (58 pulmonary TB and 21 extrapulmonary or miliary TB) and 120 household healthy contacts (HHC) from a Mediterranean area (Majorca Island, Spain). Significantly higher serum MBL levels were found in patients with active tuberculosis than in HHC [median MBL concentrations 3430 ng mL−1 (10–28 415) and 2600 ng mL−1 (5–20 000) respectively, P = 0.002]. These higher MBL levels were mainly related to the most prevalent YA/YA wild‐type diplotype. There was a strong correlation between MBL2 exon 1 and promoter genotype and MBL levels. The diplotype LYQA/HYPA was present in 12 out of 57 of the pulmonary TB cases but in none of the extrapulmonary TB patients. Diplotype LXPA/HYPA, producer of high levels of MBL, was significantly more frequent in HHC than in patients (16.8% vs. 6.4%, P = 0.031) suggesting a protective role against the development of TB disease that has not been previously found.
Why people seek advice from community pharmacies about skin problems
Authors: Tucker Rod , Stewart Derek 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

Objectives
The objective of this study was to explore the reasons why patients with undiagnosed skin problems seek advice at pharmacies.

Methods
Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with patients presenting at pharmacies requesting advice for their own (or their child's) undiagnosed skin problem.

Key findings
Twenty-five patients were interviewed. Key themes around choice of pharmacy were convenience of professional advice, triage to general practitioner (GP) care if warranted, inaccessibility of GP care and perceived non-serious nature of the condition. Interviewees also described high levels of trust in their pharmacists. Few concerns were noted, but those that were centred on lack of privacy and the potential for misdiagnosis. Almost all participants felt positive about their pharmacy care and would re-visit for future skin problems.

Conclusions
Patients with undiagnosed skin problems seek advice from pharmacies for reasons of professional advice, accessibility, familiarity and trust and because they perceive their conditions as non-serious.
Overweight and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein are weakly associated with kidney stone formation in Japanese men
Authors: Oda Eiji 
Published: June 2014

ObjectivesTo investigate longitudinal relationships between obesity/inflammation and kidney stone formation in a population where obesity is not prevalent.MethodsUsing Cox regression models, associations between kidney stone formation and body mass index, waist circumference, high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein and other possible risk factors were retrospectively examined in a health screening Japanese population including 1726 men and 992 women.ResultsDuring 4 years of follow up (mean 3.2 years), kidney stones were formed in 238 men (34.5 per 1000 person‐years) and 82 women (20.7 per 1000 person‐years). In men, when the possible risk factors were separately examined as continuous parameters, body mass index (P = 0.030) and waist circumference (P = 0.025) were significantly, and log C‐reactive protein (P = 0.092) were marginally, associated with kidney stone formation. However, none of these parameters was independently associated with kidney stone formation after fully adjusted. In women, none of the aforementioned three parameters was associated with kidney stone formation. As a categorical parameter, the higher two quintiles of C‐reactive protein were significantly associated with kidney stone formation compared with the lower two quintiles in men (P = 0.026).ConclusionsOverweight and C‐reactive protein are weakly associated with kidney stone formation in Japanese men. Inflammation might be an underlying mechanism of the association between obesity and kidney stone formation.
Polycystic ovary syndrome: a common hormonal condition with major metabolic sequelae that physicians should know about
Authors: Shorakae S. , Boyle J. , Teede H. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent, chronic and heterogeneous endocrine condition, with reproductive, metabolic and psychological features. Insulin resistance and hyperandrogenaemia are the key pathophysiological hormonal abnormalities. Insulin resistance is a significant contributor to the reproductive and metabolic complications of PCOS, both independently and in the setting of excess bodyweight. While the diagnostic criteria are now internationally uniformly accepted, individual components of the criteria are ill‐defined, making diagnosis challenging. This, along with low awareness of PCOS, has resulted in a significant proportion of women remaining undiagnosed. While reproductive features are best recognised in PCOS and form the basis of the diagnostic criteria, awareness of psychological and metabolic features, recommended screening protocols, and management strategies to prevent metabolic complications are important. In this review, we focus on diagnostic criteria, and reproductive, metabolic and psychological features of PCOS, as well as recommended screening and management strategies suggested by national and international evidence‐based guidelines.
Zoledronic acid causes γδ T cells to target monocytes and down‐modulate inflammatory homing
Authors: Fowler Daniel W. , Copier John , Dalgleish Angus G. , Bodman‐Smith Mark D. 
Published: June 2014

SummaryZoledronic acid (ZA) is a potential immunotherapy for cancer because it can induce potent γδ T‐cell‐mediated anti‐tumour responses. Clinical trials are testing the efficacy of intravenous ZA in cancer patients; however, the effects of systemic ZA on the activation and migration of peripheral γδ T cells remain poorly understood. We found that γδ T cells within ZA‐treated peripheral blood mononuclear cells were degranulating, as shown by up‐regulated expression of CD107a/b. Degranulation was monocyte dependent because CD107a/b expression was markedly reduced in the absence of CD14+ cells. Consistent with monocyte‐induced degranulation, we observed γδ T‐cell‐dependent induction of monocyte apoptosis, as shown by phosphatidylserine expression on monocytes and decreased percentages of monocytes in culture. Despite the prevailing paradigm that ZA promotes tumour homing in γδ T cells, we observed down‐modulation of their tumour homing capacity, as shown by decreased expression of the inflammatory chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR3, and reduced migration towards the inflammatory chemokine CCL5. Taken together our data suggest that ZA causes γδ T cells to target monocytes and down‐modulate the migratory programme required for inflammatory homing. This study provides novel insight into how γδ T cells interact with monocytes and the possible implications of systemic use of ZA in cancer.
Influence of Intermediate ZnO on the Crystallization of PbSe Quantum Dots in Silicate Glasses
Authors: Ma De‐Wei , Zhang Yan‐Ni , Xu Zhou‐Su , Cheng Cheng 
Published: June 2014

Glasses containing PbSe quantum dots have important prospective applications in the area of near infrared optoelectronic devices. ZnO plays an important but complicated role in the preparation of quantum dot glass. We gave reasonable elaborations on the color changes of the as‐prepared and annealed glasses containing PbSe quantum dots. The as‐prepared glasses presenting nearly black to transparent straw‐yellow colors with rising ZnO content can be understood in terms of the conversion between PbSe and ZnSe; the colors of all annealed glasses turning very black can be well explained through thermodynamic calculations with the Gibbs–Helmho1tz equation. Next, according to the results of X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and optical measurements, the sample with an introduction of 9.4 wt.% ZnO possesses a maximum degree of crystallization and the best optical properties among all samples, which suggests the host glass with addition of 9.4 ± 1 wt.% ZnO is optimum for crystallization of PbSe quantum dots. Finally, we employed classical nucleation theory to quantitatively calculate the nucleation rates and growth rates of PbSe quantum dots, and found that with the growing ZnO content in host glass, the nucleation rate decreases, whereas the growth rate of PbSe quantum dot increases gradually.
Efficacy and safety of topical glycopyrrolate in patients with facial hyperhidrosis: a randomized, multicentre, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled, split‐face study
Authors: Hyun M.Y. , Son I.P. , Lee Y. , Choi H.G. , Park K.Y. , Li K. , Kim B.J. , Seo S.J. , Kim M.N. , Hong C.K. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackgroundAlthough facial hyperhidrosis has been frequently associated with a diminished quality of life, various conservative modalities for its management are still far from satisfactory.ObjectiveTo evaluate the antiperspirant efficacy and safety of the topical glycopyrrolate on facial hyperhidrosis at specified posttreatment intervals.MethodsThirty‐nine patients with facial hyperhidrosis were enrolled and treated with 2% topical glycopyrrolate on one‐half of the forehead, whereas the other half of the forehead was treated with a placebo. All patients applied topical glycopyrrolate or placebo once a day for nine successive days. Each evaluation included weighing sweat and assessing the Hyperhidrosis Disease Severity Scale (HDSS) score and any adverse effects.ResultsCompared with the placebo‐treated sides, topical glycopyrrolate‐treated sides showed a reduction in the rate of sweat production at the forehead of 25.16 ± 10.30% (mean ± SD) at 90 min after the first application (day 1), 29.63 ± 7.74% at 24 h after the first application (day 2) and 36.68 ± 11.41% at 24 h after eight additional successive daily applications (day 10) (all P < 0.025). There was a little more decrease in HDSS score with the topical glycopyrrolate‐treated half of the forehead, but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.025). No serious adverse events were reported during the course of this study. Only one patient developed a transient headache after treatment.ConclusionTopical glycopyrrolate application appears to be significantly effective and safe in reducing excessive facial perspiration.
Nationwide population‐based study of cause‐specific death rates in patients with psoriasis
Authors: Salahadeen E. , Torp‐Pedersen C. , Gislason G. , Hansen P.R. , Ahlehoff O. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackgroundPsoriasis is a common chronic disease, mediated by type 1 and 17 helper T cell‐driven inflammation. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated a wide range of comorbidities and increased mortality rates. However, the current evidence on psoriasis‐related mortality is limited and nationwide data have not been presented previously.MethodsIn a nationwide population‐based cohort we evaluated all‐cause and cause‐specific death rates in patients with psoriasis as compared to the general population.ResultsThe entire Danish population aged 18 and above, corresponding to a total of 5 458 627 individuals (50.7% female, 40.9 years ± 19.7), including 94 069 with mild psoriasis (53% female, 42.0 ± 17.0 years) and 28 253 with severe psoriasis (53.4% female, 43.0 ± 16.5 years), was included. A total of 884 661 deaths were recorded, including 10 916 in patients with mild psoriasis and 3699 in patients with severe psoriasis. The age at time of death varied by psoriasis status, i.e. 76.5 ± 14.0, 74.4 ± 12.8 and 72.0 ± 13.4 years, for the general population, mild psoriasis and severe psoriasis respectively. In general, the highest death rates were observed in patients with severe psoriasis. Overall death rates per 1000 patient years were 13.8 [confidence interval (CI) 13.8–13.8], 17.0 (CI 16.7–17.3) and 25.4 (CI 24.6–26.3) for the general population, patients with mild psoriasis and patients with severe psoriasis respectively.ConclusionThis nationwide population‐based study of cause‐specific death rates in patients with psoriasis demonstrated reduced lifespan and increased rates of all examined specific causes of death in patients with psoriasis compared to the general population.