bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Pyridyl Functional Groups Guide the Formation of Pd Nanoparticles Inside A Porous Poly(4‐Vinyl‐Pyridine)
Authors: Groppo Elena , Agostini Giovanni , Borfecchia Elisa , Lazzarini Andrea , Liu Wei , Lamberti Carlo , Giannici Francesco , Portale Giuseppe , Longo Alessandro 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe reactivity of palladium acetate inside a poly(4‐vinylpyridine‐co‐divinylbenzene) polymer is strongly influenced by the establishment of interaction between the Pd precursor and the pyridyl functional group in the polymer. Diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) and simultaneous X‐ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) and small angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) techniques have been applied to monitor the reactivity of palladium acetate in the presence of H2 and CO as a function of temperature. H2 reduces palladium acetate to Pd nanoparticles and acetic acid. The pyridyl groups in the polymer play a vital role both in stabilizing the formed acetic acid, thus allowing its detection by means of DRIFTS, and the final Pd nanoparticles, which are extremely small and mono‐dispersed. On the contrary, CO does not reduce palladium acetate. Rather, it forms Pd2+ carbonyl adducts, which favor the detachment of the acetate ligands and their thermal degradation. These adducts are well observable by means of SAXS because they cause an important local change of the electronic density.
Does the Surface Structure of Oxide Affect the Strong Metal–Support Interaction with Platinum? Platinum on Fe3O4(0 0 1) versus Fe3O4(1 1 1)
Authors: Zhang Ke , Shaikhutdinov Shamil , Freund Hans‐Joachim 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe studied the structure and thermal stability of Pt deposited on a Fe3O4(0 0 1) thin film to make a comparison with the Pt/Fe3O4(1 1 1) system that shows a strong metal–support interaction (SMSI) through encapsulation. Pt adatoms interact strongly with the (√2×√2)R45°‐reconstructed Fe3O4(0 0 1) surface and adsorb monoatomically on the “narrow” sites. Metal sintering sets in only above 700 K to result in cuboid Pt nanoparticles exposing primarily (1 0 0) and (1 1 0) facets. Concomitantly, CO adsorption on Pt is fully suppressed as a result of the SMSI. The results provided strong evidence that the Pt nanoparticles on Fe3O4(0 0 1) are encapsulated by an FeO(1 1 1) layer in the same manner as observed for hemispherical Pt particles on Fe3O4(1 1 1). The comparison suggests that the SMSI effect through encapsulation is insensitive to the surface structure of the oxide, although the latter strongly affects the particle morphology.
N‐Heterocyclic Carbene–Pd Polymers as Reusable Precatalysts for Cyanation and Ullmann Homocoupling of Aryl Halides: The Role of Solvent in Product Distribution
Authors: Karimi Babak , Vafaeezadeh Majid , Akhavan Pari Fadavi 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA main‐chain N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) polymer with N‐dodecyl‐substituted groups was found to be a highly efficient precatalyst for cyanation of various aryl halides by using nontoxic cyanic source [K4Fe(CN)6] under relatively mild reaction conditions. Several aryl iodides, bromides, and activated chlorides were successfully converted to their corresponding benzonitrile derivatives without using additives (such as reducing agents or exogenous organic ligands) in good to excellent yields. Our investigations showed that changing the solvent from DMF to polyethylene glycol (PEG‐200) resulted in dramatic decline of cyanation product formation to the benefit of the Ullmann homocoupling reaction. The catalyst could be reused four and five times with only slight loss of activity in cyanation and the Ullmann coupling, respectively.
Circularly Polarized Luminescence from Simple Organic Molecules
Authors: Sánchez‐Carnerero Esther M. , Agarrabeitia Antonia R. , Moreno Florencio , Maroto Beatriz L. , Muller Gilles , Ortiz María J. , de la Moya Santiago 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis article aims to show the identity of “circularly polarized luminescent active simple organic molecules” as a new concept in organic chemistry due to the potential interest of these molecules, as availed by the exponentially growing number of research articles related to them. In particular, it describes and highlights the interest and difficulty in developing chiral simple (small and non‐aggregated) organic molecules able to emit left‐ or right‐circularly polarized light efficiently, the efforts realized up to now to reach this challenging objective, and the most significant milestones achieved to date. General guidelines for the preparation of these interesting molecules are also presented.
DNA Photosensitization by an “Insider”: Photophysics and Triplet Energy Transfer of 5‐Methyl‐2‐pyrimidone Deoxyribonucleoside
Authors: Bignon Emmanuelle , Gattuso Hugo , Morell Christophe , Dumont Elise , Monari Antonio 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe main chromophore of (6‐4) photoproducts, namely, 5‐methyl‐2‐pyrimidone (Pyo), is an artificial noncanonical nucleobase. This chromophore has recently been reported as a potential photosensitizer that induces triplet damage in thymine DNA. In this study, we investigate the spectroscopic properties of the Pyo unit embedded in DNA by means of explicit solvent molecular‐dynamics simulations coupled to time‐dependent DFT and quantum‐mechanics/molecular‐mechanics techniques. Triplet‐state transfer from the Pyo to the thymine unit was monitored in B‐DNA by probing the propensity of this photoactive pyrimidine analogue to induce a Dexter‐type triplet photosensitization and subsequent DNA damage.
Serum Albumin Binding Inhibits Nuclear Uptake of Luminescent Metal‐Complex‐Based DNA Imaging Probes
Authors: Wragg Ashley , Gill Martin R. , McKenzie Luke , Glover Caroline , Mowll Rachel , Weinstein Julia A. , Su Xiaodi , Smythe Carl , Thomas Jim A. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe DNA binding and cellular localization properties of a new luminescent heterobimetallic IrIIIRuII tetrapyridophenazine complex are reported. Surprisingly, in standard cell media, in which its tetracationic, isostructural RuIIRuII analogue is localized in the nucleus, the new tricationic complex is poorly taken up by live cells and demonstrates no nuclear staining. Consequent cell‐free studies reveal that the IrIIIRuII complex binds bovine serum albumin, BSA, in Sudlow’s Site I with a similar increase in emission and binding affinity to that observed with DNA. Contrastingly, in serum‐free conditions the complex is rapidly internalized by live cells, where it localizes in cell nuclei and functions as a DNA imaging agent. The absence of serum proteins also greatly alters the cytotoxicity of the complex, where high levels of oncosis/necrosis are observed due to this enhanced uptake. This suggests that simply increasing the lipophilicity of a DNA imaging probe to enhance cellular uptake can be counterproductive as, due to increased binding to serum albumin protein, this strategy can actually disrupt nuclear targeting.
Chemically Modified Graphene: The Influence of Structural Properties on the Assessment of Antioxidant Capacity
Authors: Hui Kai Hwee , Pumera Martin , Bonanni Alessandra 
Published: July 2015

AbstractGraphene materials obtained by different synthetic routes possess dissimilar amount of defects and surface functionalities, which can influence their electrochemical performance towards the detection of electroactive probes. Oxygen‐containing groups can be either detrimental to the heterogeneous charge transfer or promote favorable interactions between the graphene surface and the analyte of interest, depending on the structure of the latter. Here, we compared three chemically modified graphenes, obtained by various procedures and carrying different amounts of oxygen functionalities, for the detection of standard gallic acid, a compound commonly used as an index of the antioxidant capacity of food and beverages. We found that electrochemically reduced graphene provided the best electrochemical performance in terms of calibration sensitivity, selectivity, and linearity of response. Our findings are important in order to understand the suitability of graphene platforms for the assessment of food quality.
Therapeutic Developments Targeting Toll‐like Receptor‐4‐Mediated Neuroinflammation
Authors: Li Jing , Csakai Adam , Jin Jialin , Zhang Fengchun , Yin Hang 
Published: July 2015

AbstractToll‐like receptors (TLRs) have been shown to play an important role in the immune system, which warrants study of their remarkable potential as pharmacological targets. Activation of TLRs requires participation from specific pathogen‐associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and accessory proteins such as myeloid differentiation protein 2 (MD2), lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), and cluster differentiation antigen 14 (CD14). Assembly of the TLR4–MD2–LPS complex is essential in TLR4 activation. Recent studies have revealed that TLR4 activation is a significant trigger of signal transmission pathways in the nervous system, which could result in chronic pain as well as opioid tolerance and dependence. Researchers of the molecular structure of TLRs and their accessory proteins have opened a door to syntheses of TLRs agonists and antagonists, such as eritoran. Small‐molecule modulators of TLR4, such as MD2‐I and tricyclic antidepressants, offer more promising prospects than peptides, given their convenience in oral administration and lower cost. Herein we mainly discuss the mechanisms and clinical prospects of TLR4 agonists and antagonists.
Laughter as a scientific problem: An adventure in sidewalk neuroscience
Authors: Provine Robert R. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTLaughter is a stereotyped, innate, human play vocalization that provides an ideal simple system for neurobehavioral analyses of the sort usually associated with such animal models as walking, wing‐flapping, and bird song. Laughter research is in its early stages, where the frontiers are near and accessible to simple observational procedures termed “sidewalk neuroscience.” The basic, nontechnical approach of describing the act of laughter and when humans do it has revealed a variety of phenomena of social and neurological significance. Findings include the acoustic structure of laughter, the minimal voluntary control of laughter, contagiousness, the “punctuation effect” that describes the placement of laughter in conversation, the dominance of speech over laughter, the role of breath control in the evolution of speech, the evolutionary trajectory of laughter in primates, and the role of laughter in human matching and mating. If one knows where to look and how to see, advances in neuroscience are accessible to anyone and require minimal resources. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:1532–1539, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Interfacial Synthesis of Electrically Conducting Palladium Bis(dithiolene) Complex Nanosheet
Authors: Pal Tigmansu , Kambe Tetsuya , Kusamoto Tetsuro , Foo Maw Lin , Matsuoka Ryota , Sakamoto Ryota , Nishihara Hiroshi 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe synthesis of palladium bis(dithiolene) complex nanosheets (PdDt) possessing a kagome‐type lattice structure was performed via interfacial reaction between metal salt in aqueous phase and dithiolato ligand in organic phase. The PdDt nanosheets were characterised by AFM, STM, TEM revealing flat and sheet‐like morphology; IR, UV spectroscopy show the corresponding coordination connectivity between metal and ligand, followed by powder X‐ray diffraction and SAED, which determined nanosheets to be structurally similar to previously reported nickel bis(dithiolene) complex nanosheets NiDt.
Clinical significance of bilateral leg edema and added value of monitoring weight gain during follow‐up of patients with established heart failure
Authors: Kataoka Hajime 
Published: July 2015

AbstractPurposeThis study evaluated the clinical characteristics of bilateral leg edema during follow‐up of heart failure (HF) patients and determined the added value of monitoring fluid weight gain for deciding whether this non‐specific sign is a more clinically relevant sign.MethodsRetrospective analysis was performed on 1826 visits from 83 ambulatory patients with established mild‐to‐moderate HF. Evaluated HF‐related signs included leg edema, pulmonary crackles, S3, weight gain, and ultrasound pleural effusion.ResultsDuring follow‐up, 75 patients with 161 visits had at least one of the following HF‐related events: weight gain (n = 107), leg edema (n = 90), ultrasound pleural effusion (n = 85), pulmonary crackles (n = 29), and S3 (n = 16). Compared with the events of sole leg edema (n = 23), leg edema events with additional HF‐related sign(s) (n = 67) accompanied more symptomatic worsening (7% vs. 55%, P < 0.0001), and a higher incidence (61% vs. 96%, P = 0.0002) and magnitude of increased serum B‐type natriuretic peptide. Sole leg edema events rarely progressed to worsening HF before the next regular clinic visit. Patients with the event of both leg edema and weight gain more often experienced worsening HF requiring extra clinic visits and/or hospitalization. Amongst a total of 67 leg edema events with additional HF‐related signs, 56 (84%) coexisted with weight gain. Therefore, additional monitoring of weight gain efficiently distinguished the clinically significant leg edema events from insignificant sole leg edema events.ConclusionsDuring follow‐up of mild‐to‐moderate HF patients, sole leg edema appeared around 30% of the leg edema events, which is considered clinically insignificant. Additional checking for weight gain could be useful for determining whether this sign is a clinically relevant HF‐related sign. The appearance of these both signs during follow‐up of established HF patients should be intentionally watched or treated by extra diuretics and/or drug adjustment to prevent worsening of HF.
Early menarche and chronic widespread musculoskeletal complaints‐ Results from the HUNT study
Authors: Kvalheim S. , Sandvik L. , Winsvold B. , Hagen K. , Zwart J.‐A. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackgroundThere is a predominance of chronic widespread musculoskeletal complaints (WMSC) among women. Previous studies suggest an association between hormonal factors and pain. However, it is not known whether earlier age at menarche is associated with higher prevalence of chronic WMSC. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between age at menarche and chronic WMSC.MethodsData from a cross‐sectional study of inhabitants ≥20 years in Nord‐Trøndelag County (Helseundersøkelsen i Nord‐Trøndelag ‐HUNT), conducted in 1995–1997 (HUNT 2) were used. The study population comprised 32,673 women with valid information of age at menarche (exposure) and chronic WMSC (outcome data).ResultsIn total, 8986 (27.5%) women reported WMSC. The overall prevalence of WMSC was 29.7% among those with menarche ≤12 years and 26.7% among those with menarche >12 years. The prevalence of chronic WMSC was consistently higher for those with early age at menarche in all age groups. The crude odds ratio for chronic WMSC, when comparing women with age at menarche ≤12 years to women with age at menarche >12 years, was 1.16 (95% CI: 1.10–1.22). The corresponding odds ratio was 1.26 (95% CI: 1.19–1.34) when adjusted for age, education, body mass index (BMI), smoking, alcohol consumption, depression, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and parity.ConclusionIn this cross‐sectional study, there was an association between early age at menarche and chronic WMSC later in life, but the difference in absolute risk was low (3%).
Rhamnolipids as environmentally friendly biopesticide against plant pathogen Phytophthora sojae
Authors: Soltani Dashtbozorg Soroosh , Miao Shida , Ju Lu‐Kwang 
Published: July 2015

Phytophthora sojae is the most damaging fungal pathogen for soy plants. Rhamnolipids produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa were investigated for the antimicrobial effects against both P. sojae mycelia and zoospores. Of particular importance is the effectiveness against zoospores because P. sojae spreads infection primarily via zoospores. Mycelial growth on agar plates was evaluated with three medium compositions and the rhamnolipid effect compared for each medium. Against zoospores, the effects were examined with the rhamnolipid mixture and its separated mono‐ and di‐rhamnolipids. The zoospore study was done in small dose increments to identify the minimum concentrations that cause all zoospores to lyse or stop moving. Rhamnolipids at 100 and 1000 mg L−1 inhibited the mycelial growth by up to ∼30%. Rhamnolipids killed the zoospores much more effectively. The rhamnolipid mixture and its mono‐ and di‐rhamnolipid fractions were similarly effective; the mixture might be slightly more potent, requiring only 8–20 mg L−1 (14–34 µM) concentrations. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 35: 169–173, 2016
Soil carbon storage following road removal and timber harvesting in redwood forests
Authors: Seney Joseph , Madej Mary Ann 
Published: July 2015

AbstractSoil carbon storage plays a key role in the global carbon cycle and is important for sustaining forest productivity. Removal of unpaved forest roads has the potential for increasing carbon storage in soils on forested terrain as treated sites revegetate and soil properties improve on the previously compacted road surfaces. We compared soil organic carbon (SOC) content at several depths on treated roads to SOC in adjacent second‐growth forests and old‐growth redwood forests in California, determined whether SOC in the upper 50 cm of soil varies with the type of road treatment, and assessed the relative importance of site‐scale and landscape‐scale variables in predicting SOC accumulation in treated road prisms and second‐growth redwood forests. Soils were sampled at 5, 20, and 50 cm depths on roads treated by two methods (decommissioning and full recontouring), and in adjacent second‐growth and old‐growth forests in north coastal California. Road treatments spanned a period of 32 years, and covered a range of geomorphic and vegetative conditions. SOC decreased with depth at all sites. Treated roads on convex sites exhibited higher SOC than on concave sites, and north aspect sites had higher SOC than south aspect sites. SOC at 5, 20, and 50 cm depths did not differ significantly between decommissioned roads (treated 18–32 years previous) and fully recontoured roads (treated 2–12 years previous). Nevertheless, stepwise multiple regression models project higher SOC developing on fully recontoured roads in the next few decades. The best predictors for SOC on treated roads and in second‐growth forest incorporated aspect, vegetation type, soil depth, lithology, distance from the ocean, years since road treatment (for the road model) and years since harvest (for the forest model). The road model explained 48% of the variation in SOC in the upper 50 cm of mineral soils and the forest model, 54%. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using nocturnal water level fluctuations for estimating seepage from stormwater detention systems
Authors: Shukla Asmita , Shukla Sanjay , Annable Michael D. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA simple method, modified from White's method, was developed and verified for estimating seepage from two stormwater detention areas (SDAs) for 2 years, using night‐time changes in surface water levels. The SDAs were located in warm sub‐tropical Florida where the assumption of negligible night‐time evaporation for White's method does not hold true. Daily seepage was estimated using the nocturnal water level fluctuations on no flow days during winter when evaporation losses were insignificant. Specific yield, rather than the composite specific yield, provided accurate seepage estimates. The average annual seepage from the two SDAs was 2.03 m/year. At almost 70% of surface flows, seepage is a significant contributor to regional surface and sub‐surface flows. Comparison of seepage estimates from the night‐time method (NM) and the water balance (WB) method showed that the NM‐based estimates were within the range of the estimates from the WB method. At SDA1, the differences between the NM and WB estimates were 1% and 11%, for the 2 years. The discrepancy between the two estimates became higher (27% and 23%) at SDA2. Larger differences at SDA2 were because of higher error in quantifying pumped inflows for the WB method. Successful performance of NM combined with its low resource (single well monitoring) requirements will help quantify seepage from detention areas and other similar features (e.g. ponds, constructed wetlands) in warmer climates. A scale‐up for the Caloosahatchee River basin showed that seepage from SDA's accounted for 15% of annual river flows indicating the importance of seepage in evaluating water and chemical balances. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Supraglacial weathering crust dynamics inferred from cryoconite hole hydrology
Authors: Cook Joseph Mitchell , Hodson Andy J. , Irvine‐Fynn Tristram D. L. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWater levels in cryoconite holes were monitored at high resolution over a 3‐week period on Austre Brøggerbreen (Svalbard). These data were combined with melt and energy balance modelling, providing insights into the evolution of the glacier's near‐surface hydrology and confirming that the hydrology of the near‐surface, porous ice known as the ‘weathering crust’ is dynamic and analogous to a shallow‐perched aquifer. A positive correlation between radiative forcing of melt and drainage efficiency was found within the weathering crust. This likely resulted from diurnal contraction and dilation of interstitial pore spaces driven by variations in radiative and turbulent fluxes in the surface energy balance, occasionally causing ‘sudden drainage events’. A linear decrease in water levels in cryoconite holes was also observed and attributed to cumulative increases in near‐surface ice porosity over the measurement period. The transport of particulate matter and microbes between cryoconite holes through the porous weathering crust is shown to be dependent upon weathering crust hydraulics and particle size. Cryoconite holes therefore yield an indication of the hydrological dynamics of the weathering crust and provide long‐term storage loci for cryoconite at the glacier surface. This study highlights the importance of the weathering crust as a crucial component of the hydrology, ecology and biogeochemistry of the glacier ecosystem and glacierized regions and demonstrates the utility of cryoconite holes as natural piezometers on glacier surfaces. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.