bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Slice embedding solutions for distributed service architectures
Authors: Esposito Flavio , Matta Ibrahim , Ishakian Vatche 
Published: November 2013

Network virtualization provides a novel approach to running multiple concurrent virtual networks over a common physical network infrastructure. From a research perspective, this enables the networking community to concurrently experiment with new Internet architectures and protocols. From a market perspective, on the other hand, this paradigm is appealing as it enables infrastructure service providers to experiment with new business models that range from leasing virtual slices of their infrastructure to hosting multiple concurrent network services.
In this article, we present the slice embedding problem and recent developments in the area. A slice is a set of virtual instances spanning a set of physical resources. The embedding problem consists of three main tasks: (1) resource discovery, which involves monitoring the state of the physical resources, (2) virtual network mapping, which involves matching users' requests with the available resources, and (3) allocation, which involves assigning the resources that match the users' requests.
We also outline how these three tasks are tightly coupled, and how there exists a wide spectrum of solutions that either solve a particular task or jointly solve multiple tasks along with the interactions among them. To dissect the space of solutions, we introduce three main classification criteria, namely: (1) the type of constraints imposed by the user, (2) the type of dynamics considered in the embedding process, and (3) the allocation strategy adopted. Finally, we conclude with a few interesting research directions.
Improved Survival Outcomes in Cancer Patients with Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia
Authors: Duarte Christine W. , Murray Kimberly , Lucas F. Lee , Fairfield Kathleen , Miller Heather , Brooks Peter , Vary Calvin P.H. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Background: Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is a genetic disorder characterized by deficiency in endoglin, an angiogenic protein. The net effect of endoglin expression on cancer outcomes from animal studies has proven controversial. We evaluated whether reduced systemic endoglin levels, expected in patients diagnosed with HHT, impacted clinical outcomes for cancer.
Methods: A retrospective cohort analysis using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results–Medicare was conducted to evaluate the effect of HHT on survival among patients diagnosed with breast, colorectal, lung, or prostate cancer between 2000 and 2007 (n = 540,520). We generated Kaplan–Meier survival curves and Cox models to compare the effect of HHT on all-cause survival for a composite of the four cancers, and separate models by cancer, adjusting for demographic variables, cancer type, cancer stage, and comorbidities.
Results: All-cause survival analysis for a composite of the four cancers showed an adjusted HR of 0.69 [95% confidence interval (CI) of 0.51–0.91; P = 0.009] for HHT, indicating significantly improved survival outcome. When stratified by cancer type, HHT diagnosis showed a significant protective effect among breast cancer patients with an adjusted HR of 0.31 (95% CI, 0.13–0.75; P = 0.009).
Conclusions: There was a significant association between HHT and improved survival outcome for a composite of patients with breast, prostate, colorectal, and lung cancer, and in analysis stratified by cancer, the association was significant for HHT patients with breast cancer.
Impact: This study supports the hypothesis that systemically educed endoglin expression is associated with improved survival outcome in multiple cancers, and suggests that anti-endoglin antibody therapy may have broad-based application. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(1); 117–25. ©2013 AACR.
Oncogenic Function of SCCRO5/DCUN1D5 Requires Its Neddylation E3 Activity and Nuclear Localization
Authors: Bommeljé Claire C. , Weeda Víola B. , Huang Guochang , Shah Kushyup , Bains Sarina , Buss Elizabeth , Shaha Manish , Gönen Mithat , Ghossein Ronald , Ramanathan Suresh Y. , Singh Bhuvanesh 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Purpose: To determine mechanisms by which SCCRO5 (aka DCUN1D5) promotes oncogenesis.
Experimental Design: SCCRO5 mRNA and protein expression were assessed in 203 randomly selected primary cancer tissue samples, matched histologically normal tissues, and cell lines by use of real-time PCR and Western blot analysis. SCCRO5 overexpression was correlated with survival. The effect of SCCRO5 knockdown on viability was assessed in selected cancer cell lines. Structure–function studies were performed to determine the SCCRO5 residues required for binding to the neddylation components, for neddylation-promoting activity, and for transformation.
Results: In oral and lung squamous cell carcinomas, SCCRO5 mRNA levels corresponded with protein levels and overexpression correlated with decreased disease-specific survival. Knockdown of SCCRO5 by RNAi resulted in a selective decrease in the viability of cancer cells with high endogenous levels, suggesting the presence of oncogene addiction. SCCRO5 promoted cullin neddylation while maintaining conserved reaction processivity paradigms involved in ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like protein conjugation, establishing it as a component of the neddylation E3. Neddylation activities in vitro required the potentiating of neddylation (PONY) domain but not the nuclear localization sequence (NLS) domain. In contrast, both the NLS domain and the PONY domain were required for transformation of NIH-3T3 cells.
Conclusions: Our data suggest that SCCRO5 has oncogenic potential that requires its function as a component of the neddylation E3. Neddylation activity and nuclear localization of SCCRO5 are important for its in vivo function. Clin Cancer Res; 20(2); 372–81. ©2013 AACR.
A High Frequency of Activating Extracellular Domain ERBB2 (HER2) Mutation in Micropapillary Urothelial Carcinoma
Authors: Ross Jeffrey S. , Wang Kai , Gay Laurie M. , Al-Rohil Rami N. , Nazeer Tipu , Sheehan Christine E. , Jennings Timothy A. , Otto Geoff A. , Donahue Amy , He Jie , Palmer Gary , Ali Siraj , Nahas Michelle , Young Geneva , LaBrecque Elaine , Frampton Garrett , Erlich Rachel , Curran John A. , Brennan Kristina , Downing Sean R. , Yelensky Roman , Lipson Doron , Hawryluk Matthew , Miller Vincent A. , Stephens Philip J. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Purpose: Micropapillary urothelial carcinoma (MPUC) is a rare and aggressive form of bladder cancer. We conducted genomic analyses [next-generation sequencing (NGS)] of MPUC and non-micropapillary urothelial bladder carcinomas (non-MPUC) to characterize the genomic landscape and identify targeted treatment options.
Experimental Design: DNA was extracted from 40 μm of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections from 15 MPUC and 64 non-MPUC tumors. Sequencing (NGS) was performed on hybridization-captured, adaptor ligation–based libraries to high coverage for 3,230 exons of 182 cancer-related genes plus 37 introns from 14 genes frequently rearranged in cancer. The results were evaluated for all classes of genomic alteration.
Results: Mutations in the extracellular domain of ERBB2 were identified in 6 of 15 (40%) of MPUC: S310F (four cases), S310Y (one case), and R157W (one case). All six cases of MPUC with ERBB2 mutation were negative for ERBB2 amplification and Erbb2 overexpression. In contrast, 6 of 64 (9.4%) non-MPUC harbored an ERBB2 alteration, including base substitution (three cases), amplification (two cases), and gene fusion (one case), which is higher than the 2 of 159 (1.3%) protein-changing ERBB2 mutations reported for urinary tract cancer in COSMIC. The enrichment of ERBB2 alterations in MPUC compared with non-MPUC is significant both between this series (P &lt; 0.0084) and for all types of urinary tract cancer in COSMIC (P &lt; 0.001).
Conclusions: NGS of MPUC revealed a high incidence of mutation in the extracellular domain of ERBB2, a gene for which there are five approved targeted therapies. NGS can identify genomic alteration, which inform treatment options for the majority of MPUC patients. Clin Cancer Res; 20(1); 68–75. ©2013 AACR.
Reversible Action of Diaminothiazoles in Cancer Cells Is Implicated by the Induction of a Fast Conformational Change of Tubulin and Suppression of Microtubule Dynamics
Authors: Thomas Nisha E. , Thamkachy Reshma , Sivakumar Krishnankutty C. , Sreedevi Krishnakumar J. , Louis Xavier Lieben , Thomas Sannu A. , Kumar Rohith , Rajasekharan Kallikat N. , Cassimeris Lynne , Sengupta Suparna 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Diaminothiazoles are novel cytotoxic compounds that have shown efficacy toward different cancer cell lines. They show potent antimitotic and antiangiogenic activity upon binding to the colchicine-binding site of tubulin. However, the mechanism of action of diaminothiazoles at the molecular level is not known. Here, we show a reversible binding to tubulin with a fast conformational change that allows the lead diaminothiazole DAT1 [4-amino-5-benzoyl-2-(4-methoxy phenyl amino)thiazole] to cause a reversible mitotic block. DAT1 also suppresses microtubule dynamic instability at much lower concentration than its IC50 value in cancer cells. Both growth and shortening events were reduced by DAT1 in a concentration-dependent way. Colchicine, the long-studied tubulin-binding drug, has previously failed in the treatment of cancer due to its toxicity, even though it generates a strong apoptotic response. The toxicity is attributable to its slow removal from the cell due to irreversible tubulin binding caused by a slow conformational change. DAT1 binds to tubulin at an optimal pH lower than colchicine. Tubulin conformational studies showed that the binding environments of DAT1 and colchicine are different. Molecular dynamic simulations showed a difference in the number of H-bonding interactions that accounts for the different pH optima. This study gives an insight of the action of compounds targeting tubulin's colchicine-binding site, as many such compounds have entered into clinical trials recently. Mol Cancer Ther; 13(1); 179–89. ©2013 AACR.
Explaining the Decline in Coronary Heart Disease Mortality in Portugal Between 1995 and 2008
Authors: Pereira Marta , Azevedo Ana , Lunet Nuno , Carreira Helena , O’Flaherty Martin , Capewell Simon , Bennett Kathleen 
Published: November 2013

Background—
We aimed to quantify the contribution of treatments and risk factors to the decline in coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality in Portugal, 1995 to 2008.

Methods and Results—
The IMPACT mortality model was used to integrate data on trends in uptake of treatments and exposure to risk factors to explain the CHD mortality variation. Between 1995 and 2008, CHD mortality rates in Portugal decreased by 29% in men and 21% in women aged 25 to 84 years, corresponding to 3760 fewer deaths in 2008 than expected if 1995 mortality rates had persisted. Approximately 92% of the estimated decrease in number of deaths could be explained by the model; the remaining 8% were attributed to changes in unmeasured factors. Approximately 50% of the decrease explained by the model was attributable to an increased uptake of treatments, mainly antihypertensive medication (12%) and initial treatments after an acute myocardial infarction (10%), and 42% to population risk factor reductions, mainly blood pressure (27% in men and 60% in women), total cholesterol (14% in men and 5% in women), and smoking (11% in men). However, these reductions were partially offset by adverse trends in diabetes mellitus (18% in men and 2% in women) and obesity (6% in men and 5% in women) and smoking (2% in women).

Conclusions—
In this low CHD risk population, modern treatments explained approximately half of the overall decline in CHD deaths. The biggest contributions to the CHD mortality decline came from secular decreases in blood pressure and increases in hypertension treatment.
Pilot Study of Intravenous Glyburide in Patients With a Large Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Sheth Kevin N. , Kimberly W. Taylor , Elm Jordan J. , Kent Thomas A. , Mandava Pitchaiah , Yoo Albert J. , Thomalla Götz , Campbell Bruce , Donnan Geoffrey A. , Davis Stephen M. , Albers Gregory W. , Jacobson Sven , Simard J. Marc , Stern Barney J. 
Published: November 2013

Background and Purpose—
Preclinical and retrospective clinical data indicate that glyburide, a selective inhibitor of sulfonylurea receptor 1-transient receptor potential melastatin 4, is effective in preventing edema and improving outcome after focal ischemia. We assessed the feasibility of recruiting and treating patients with severe stroke while obtaining preliminary information on the safety and tolerability of RP-1127 (glyburide for injection).

Methods—

We studied 10 patients with acute ischemic stroke, with baseline diffusion-weighted imaging lesion volumes of 82 to 210 cm
3
, whether treated with intravenous recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator, age 18 to 80 years, and time to RP-1127 ≤10 hours.

Results—

Recruitment was completed within 10 months. The mean age was 50.5 years, and baseline diffusion-weighted image lesion volume was 102±23 cm
3
. There were no serious adverse events related to drug and no symptomatic hypoglycemia. The increase in ipsilateral hemisphere volume was 50±33 cm
3
. The proportion of 90-day modified Rankin Scale ≤4 was 90% (40% modified Rankin Scale, ≤3).

Conclusions—
RP-1127 at a dose of 3 mg/d was well tolerated and did not require any dose reductions. A clinical trial of RP-1127 is feasible.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01268683.
Perfusion Characteristics of Moyamoya Disease
Authors: Schubert Gerrit Alexander , Czabanka Marcus , Seiz Marcel , Horn Peter , Vajkoczy Peter , Thomé Claudius 
Published: November 2013

Background and Purpose—
Moyamoya disease (MMD) is characterized by unique angiographic features of collateralization. However, a detailed quantification as well as comparative analysis with cerebrovascular atherosclerotic disease (CAD) and healthy controls have not been performed to date.

Methods—
We reviewed 67 patients with MMD undergoing Xenon-enhanced computed tomography, as well as 108 patients with CAD and 5 controls. In addition to cortical, central, and infratentorial regions of interest, particular emphasis was put on regions that are typically involved in MMD (pericallosal territory, basal ganglia). Cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebrovascular reserve capacity (CVRC), and hemodynamic stress distribution were calculated.

Results—
MMD is characterized by a significant, ubiquitous decrease in CVRC and a cortical but not pericallosal decrease in CBF when compared with controls. Baseline perfusion is maintained within the basal ganglia, and hemodynamic stress distribution confirmed a relative preservation of central regions of interest in MMD, indicative for its characteristic proximal collateralization pattern. In MMD and CAD, cortical and central CBF decreased significantly with age, whereas CVRC and hemodynamic stress distribution are relatively unaffected by age. No difference in CVRC of comparable regions of interest was seen between MMD and CAD, but stress distribution was significantly higher in MMD, illustrating the functionality of the characteristic rete mirabilis.

Conclusions—
Our data provide quantitative support for a territory-specific perfusion pattern that is unique for MMD, including central preservation of CBF compared with controls and patients with CAD. This correlates well with its characteristic feature of proximal collateralization. CVRC and hemodynamic stress distribution seem to be more robust parameters than CBF alone for assessment of disease severity.
Combining a Cloud-Resolving Model with Satellite for Cloud Process Model Simulation Validation
Authors: Negri Renato G. , Machado Luiz A. T. , English Stephen , Forsythe Mary 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAdvances in computer power have made it possible to increase the spatial resolution of regional numerical models to a scale encompassing larger convective elements of less than 5 km in size. One goal of high resolution is to begin to resolve convective processes, and therefore it is necessary to evaluate the realism of convective clouds resolved explicitly at this resolution. This paper presents a method that is based on satellite comparisons to examine the simulation of continental tropical convection over Africa, in a high-resolution integration of the Met Office Unified Model (UK UM), developed under the Cascade project. The spatial resolution of these simulations is 1.5 km, the temporal resolution is 15 min, and the convection is resolved explicitly. The Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) radiometer measurements were simulated by the Radiative Transfer for the Television and Infrared Observation Satellite (TIROS) Operational Vertical Sounder (RTTOV) model, and then a comparison between the simulations and real SEVIRI measurements was performed. The analysis using the presented method shows that the UK UM can represent tropical convection dynamics realistically. However, an error has been found in the high-level humidity distribution, which is characterized by strong humidity gradients. A key point of this paper is to present a method for establishing the credibility of a convection-permitting model by direct comparison with satellite data.
Rayleigh Damping in the Free Troposphere
Authors: Romps David M. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
This paper explores whether cumulus drag (i.e., the damping of winds by convective momentum transport) can be described by an effective Rayleigh drag (i.e., the damping of winds on a constant time scale). Analytical expressions are derived for the damping time scale and descent speed of wind profiles as caused by unorganized convection. Unlike Rayleigh drag, which has a constant damping time scale and zero descent speed, the theory predicts a damping time scale and a descent speed that both depend on the vertical wavelength of the wind profile. These results predict that short wavelengths damp faster and descend faster than long wavelengths, and these predictions are confirmed using large-eddy simulations. Both theory and simulations predict that the convective damping of large-scale circulations occurs on a time scale of O(1–10) days for vertical wavelengths in the range of 2–10 km.
Estimation of Daily Winter Precipitation in the Snowy Mountains of Southeastern Australia
Authors: Dai Jingru , Manton Michael J. , Siems Steven T. , Ebert Elizabeth E. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Wintertime precipitation in the Snowy Mountains provides water for agriculture, industry, and domestic use in inland southeastern Australia. Unlike most of Australia, much of this precipitation falls as snow, and it is recorded by a private network of heated tipping-bucket gauges. These observations are used in the present study to assess the accuracy of a poor man’s ensemble (PME) prediction of precipitation in the Snowy Mountains based on seven numerical weather prediction models. While the PME performs quite well, there is significant underestimation of precipitation intensity. It is shown that indicators of the synoptic environment can be used to improve the PME estimates of precipitation. Four synoptic regimes associated with different precipitation classes are identified from upper-air data. The reliability of the PME forecasts can be sharpened by considering the precipitation in each of the four synoptic classes. A linear regression, based on the synoptic classification and the PME estimate, is used to reduce the forecast errors. The potential to extend the method for forecasting purposes is discussed.
Sensitivity of the Ocean State to Lee Wave–Driven Mixing
Authors: Melet Angélique , Hallberg Robert , Legg Sonya , Nikurashin Maxim 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Diapycnal mixing plays a key role in maintaining the ocean stratification and the meridional overturning circulation (MOC). In the ocean interior, it is mainly sustained by breaking internal waves. Two important classes of internal waves are internal tides and lee waves, generated by barotropic tides and geostrophic flows interacting with rough topography, respectively. Currently, regarding internal wave–driven mixing, most climate models only explicitly parameterize the local dissipation of internal tides. In this study, the authors explore the combined effects of internal tide– and lee wave–driven mixing on the ocean state. A series of sensitivity experiments using the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory CM2G ocean–ice–atmosphere coupled model are performed, including a parameterization of lee wave–driven mixing using a recent estimate for the global map of energy conversion into lee waves, in addition to the tidal mixing parameterization. It is shown that, although the global energy input in the deep ocean into lee waves (0.2 TW; where 1 TW = 1012 W) is small compared to that into internal tides (1.4 TW), lee wave–driven mixing makes a significant impact on the ocean state, notably on the ocean thermal structure and stratification, as well as on the MOC. The vertically integrated circulation is also impacted in the Southern Ocean, which accounts for half of the lee wave energy flux. Finally, it is shown that the different spatial distribution of the internal tide and lee wave energy input impacts the sensitivity described in this study. These results suggest that lee wave–driven mixing should be parameterized in climate models, preferably using more physically based parameterizations that allow the internal lee wave–driven mixing to evolve in a changing ocean.
Cloud Classification of Ground-Based Images Using Texture–Structure Features
Authors: Zhuo Wen , Cao Zhiguo , Xiao Yang 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Cloud classification of ground-based images is a challenging task. Recent research has focused on extracting discriminative image features, which are mainly divided into two categories: 1) choosing appropriate texture features and 2) constructing structure features. However, simply using texture or structure features separately may not produce a high performance for cloud classification. In this paper, an algorithm is proposed that can capture both texture and structure information from a color sky image. The algorithm comprises three main stages. First, a preprocessing color census transform (CCT) is applied. The CCT contains two steps: converting red, green, and blue (RGB) values to opponent color space and applying census transform to each component. The CCT can capture texture and local structure information. Second, a novel automatic block assignment method is proposed that can capture global rough structure information. A histogram and image statistics are computed in every block and are concatenated to form a feature vector. Third, the feature vector is fed into a trained support vector machine (SVM) classifier to obtain the cloud type. The results show that this approach outperforms other existing cloud classification methods. In addition, several different color spaces were tested and the results show that the opponent color space is most suitable for cloud classification. Another comparison experiment on classifiers shows that the SVM classifier is more accurate than the k–nearest neighbor (k-NN) and neural networks classifiers.