bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of demand response in the commercial, industrial, and residential sectors in the United States
Authors: Kiliccote Sila , Olsen Daniel , Sohn Michael D. , Piette Mary Ann 
Published: June 2015

The goal of this study is to provide an overview of demand response (DR) technologies, including standards and end uses, in the United States and describe resource characteristics and the attributes of 14 specific DR resources in the U.S. commercial, residential, and industrial sectors. The attributes reviewed for the end uses being considered are response frequency, response time, the need for and impacts of energy pre‐ or recharge, the cost of enabling a resource to respond to a load‐curtailment signal, and the magnitude of load curtailment in a given resource. We also describe controls and communications technologies that can enable end uses to participate in DR programs. The characterization was initially developed as a foundational work to quantify hourly availability of DR resources from the selected end uses followed by a multi‐laboratory effort that quantified DR's value within the Western Interconnectiona. WIREs Energy Environ 2016, 5:288–304. doi: 10.1002/wene.176This article is categorized under:

Energy Infrastructure > Economics and Policy
Energy Infrastructure > Systems and Infrastructure
A “death trap” in the landscape of fear
Authors: Schmidt Krzysztof , Kuijper Dries P. J. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA crucial element in the “the landscape of fear” concept is that prey animals are aware of varying levels of predation risk at a spatial scale. This often leads to a negative spatial relationship between prey and predator in which prey avoid the most risky sites in the landscape. In this paper, we argue that our understanding of large carnivore-ungulate interactions is biased by studies from highly heterogeneous landscapes (e.g. the Yellowstone National Park). Due to a high availability of refuges and foraging sites in such landscapes, prey are able to reduce predation risk by showing habitat shifts. Besides the spatial heterogeneity at the landscape scale, the ungulate response to predation risk can be affected by the hunting mode (stalking vs. cursorial) of the predator. We propose that prey cannot easily avoid predation risk by moving to less risky habitats in more homogenous landscapes with concentrated food resources, especially where the large carnivores’ assemblage includes both stalking and cursorial species. No distinct refuges for prey may occur in such landscapes due to equally high accessibility to predators in all habitats, while concentrated resources make prey distribution more predictable. We discuss a model of a densely forested landscape based on a case study of the Białowieża Primeval Forest, Poland. Within this landscape, ungulates focus their foraging activity on small food-rich forest gaps, which turn out to be “death traps” as the gaps are primarily targeted by predators (stalking lynx and cursorial wolf) while hunting. No alternative of moving to low predation risk areas exist for prey due to risk from wolves in surrounding closed-canopy forest. As a result, the prey is exposed to constant high predation pressure in contrast to heterogeneous landscapes with less concentrated resources and more refuge areas. Future research should focus on explaining how ungulates are coping with predation risk in these landscapes that offer little choice of escaping predation by considering behavioural and physiological (e.g. metabolic, hormonal) responses.
Rapid identification of multi‐strain HBV infection in patient by high‐throughput DNA sequencing
Authors: Zheng Yongchang , Kayani Masood ur Rehman , Zhu Ting F. 
Published: June 2015

Hepatitis B is a well‐known risk factor for the development of liver cancer and is closely associated with patient morbidity and mortality. Viral mutants and variants have the potential to evade immune response and prolong infection, and thus it is crucial to develop a methodology for the rapid identification of multi‐strain hepatitis infections in patients. Here we describe a method based on selective region amplification of viral genome and deep sequencing, which may be used for rapid identification of multi‐strain hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in patients. The method works even with significantly low amounts of patients’ serum samples, where the wet‐lab procedures take about 1.5 days, followed by a quick bioinformatic analysis to reveal the final results. Our method can potentially be applied to the rapid and reliable identification of multi‐strain HBV infection and help improve treatment regiments.
Amyloid‐β sequester proteins as blood‐based biomarkers of cognitive decline
Authors: Uchida Kazuhiko , Shan Liu , Suzuki Hideaki , Tabuse Yo , Nishimura Yoshinori , Hirokawa Yoshihiro , Mizukami Katsuyoshi , Akatsu Hiroyasu , Meno Kohji , Asada Takashi 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIntroductionThere are no blood‐based biomarkers for cognitive decline in aging, or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Cumulative evidence suggests that apolipoproteins, complement system, and transthyretin are involved in AD pathogenesis by sequestration of amyloid β. However, there is no clinical study to assess the utility of “sequester proteins” in risk assessment and/or diagnosis of MCI and AD.MethodsSerum levels of sequester proteins and their clinical potential in cognitive decline assessment were analyzed by longitudinal and cross‐sectional studies using independent cohorts and were confirmed by a prospective study.ResultsA combination of apolipoprotein A1, complement C3, and transthyretin achieved an area under the curve of 0.89 (sensitivity 91% and specificity 80%) in MCI versus healthy controls and also discriminated individuals with mild cognitive decline from healthy controls.DiscussionA set of sequester proteins could be blood‐based biomarkers for assessment of early stages of cognitive decline.
Incidence of dementia and subtypes: A cohort study in four regions in China
Authors: Yuan Jing , Zhang Zhenxin , Wen Hongbo , Hong Xia , Hong Zhen , Qu Qiumin , Tang Mouni , Wu Jixing , Xu Qun , Li Hui , Cummings Jeffrey L. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIntroductionThere is a dearth of literature on the incidence of dementia in China.MethodsUsing a stratified, multistage, cluster‐sampling method, 16,921 nondemented participants ≥55 years were recruited from four regional centers in China in 1997 and followed up to 4.5 years. Cases were identified through a three‐step protocol, according to standardized criteria for dementia, Alzheimer's dementia (AD), and vascular dementia (VaD).ResultsThe crude incidence in persons ≥65 years was 12.1/1000 person‐years for dementia, 8.2/1000 person‐years for AD, and 3.1/1000 person‐years for VaD. After adjusting for sociodemographic factors, older age and lower education were associated with a higher risk of incident dementia, AD and VaD; regional difference was associated mainly with incidence of VaD (north vs. south: hazard ratio [HR] = 3.59); modestly with AD (east vs. west: HR = 1.55).DiscussionThe incidence of dementia in Chinese population is comparable with that in Europe and United States.
Sleep duration, cognitive decline, and dementia risk in older women
Authors: Chen Jiu‐Chiuan , Espeland Mark A. , Brunner Robert L. , Lovato Laura C. , Wallace Robert B. , Leng Xiaoyan , Phillips Lawrence S. , Robinson Jennifer G. , Kotchen Jane M. , Johnson Karen C. , Manson JoAnn E. , Stefanick Marcia L. , Sarto Gloria E. , Mysiw W. Jerry 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIntroductionConsistent evidence linking habitual sleep duration with risks of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia is lacking.MethodsWe conducted a prospective study on 7444 community‐dwelling women (aged 65–80 y) with self‐reported sleep duration, within the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study in 1995–2008. Incident MCI/dementia cases were ascertained by validated protocols. Cox models were used to adjust for multiple sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, depression, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and other clinical characteristics.ResultsWe found a statistically significant (P = .03) V‐shaped association with a higher MCI/dementia risk in women with either short (≤6 hours/night) or long (≥8 hours/night) sleep duration (vs. 7 hours/night). The multicovariate‐adjusted hazard for MCI/dementia was increased by 36% in short sleepers irrespective of CVD, and by 35% in long sleepers without CVD. A similar V‐shaped association was found with cognitive decline.DiscussionIn older women, habitual sleep duration predicts the future risk for cognitive impairments including dementia, independent of vascular risk factors.
MIND diet slows cognitive decline with aging
Authors: Morris Martha Clare , Tangney Christy C. , Wang Yamin , Sacks Frank M. , Barnes Lisa L. , Bennett David A. , Aggarwal Neelum T. 
Published: June 2015

IntroductionThe Mediterranean and dash diets have been shown to slow cognitive decline; however, neither diet is specific to the nutrition literature on dementia prevention.MethodsWe devised the Mediterranean‐Dietary Approach to Systolic Hypertension (DASH) diet intervention for neurodegenerative delay (MIND) diet score that specifically captures dietary components shown to be neuroprotective and related it to change in cognition over an average 4.7 years among 960 participants of the Memory and Aging Project.ResultsIn adjusted mixed models, the MIND score was positively associated with slower decline in global cognitive score (β = 0.0092; P < .0001) and with each of five cognitive domains. The difference in decline rates for being in the top tertile of MIND diet scores versus the lowest was equivalent to being 7.5 years younger in age.DiscussionThe study findings suggest that the MIND diet substantially slows cognitive decline with age. Replication of these findings in a dietary intervention trial would be required to verify its relevance to brain health.
Memory in the Aftermath of War: Australian Responses to the Vietnamese Refugee Crisis of 1975
Authors: Nguyen Nathalie Huynh Chau 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
This article interweaves the personal and archival by exploring the intersection of official Australian records on the fall of Saigon and government handling of Vietnamese refugees in 1975 with my family history. As transitional justice addresses the legacies of human rights violations including the displacement and resettlement of refugees in post-conflict contexts, Australian responses to the Vietnamese refugee crisis of 1975 provide a relevant case study. Drawing on a wide range of archival documentation at the National Archives of Australia and the National Library of Australia, including policy papers, Senate findings, confidential cables, ministerial submissions, private correspondence and photographs, I trace the effect of government decisions on Vietnamese refugees seeking asylum. In the process I reveal actions by senior bureaucrats and in particular by then Prime Minister Gough Whitlam that are largely unknown. Combining archival research with personal history enables me to not only shed light on past actions of governance and uncover past injustice but also explore the enduring impact of government decision-making on individual lives.
Exposure to the World Trade Center Disaster and 9/11-Related Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Household Disaster Preparedness
Authors: Gargano Lisa M. , Caramanica Kimberly , Sisco Sarah , Brackbill Robert M. , Stellman Steven D. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractObjectiveIn a population with prior exposure to the World Trade Center disaster, this study sought to determine the subsequent level of preparedness for a new disaster and how preparedness varied with population characteristics that are both disaster-related and non-disaster-related.MethodsThe sample included 4496 World Trade Center Health Registry enrollees who completed the Wave 3 (2011-2012) and Hurricane Sandy (2013) surveys. Participants were considered prepared if they reported possessing at least 7 of 8 standard preparedness items. Logistic regression was used to determine associations between preparedness and demographic and medical factors, 9/11-related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) assessed at Wave 3, 9/11 exposure, and social support.ResultsOver one-third (37.5%) of participants were prepared with 18.8% possessing all 8 items. The item most often missing was an evacuation plan (69.8%). Higher levels of social support were associated with being prepared. High levels of 9/11 exposure were associated with being prepared in both the PTSD and non-PTSD subgroups.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that prior 9/11 exposure favorably impacted Hurricane Sandy preparedness. Future preparedness messaging should target people with low social support networks. Communications should include information on evacuation zones and where to find information about how to evacuate. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2015;9:625–633)
Chlorhexidine Only Works If Applied Correctly: Use of a Simple Colorimetric Assay to Provide Monitoring and Feedback on Effectiveness of Chlorhexidine Application
Authors: Supple Laura , Kumaraswami Monika , Kundrapu Sirisha , Sunkesula Venkata , Cadnum Jennifer L. , Nerandzic Michelle M. , Tomas Myreen , Donskey Curtis J. 
Published: June 2015

We used a colorimetric assay to determine the presence of chlorhexidine on skin, and we identified deficiencies in preoperative bathing and daily bathing in the intensive care unit. Both types of bathing improved with an intervention that included feedback to nursing staff. The assay provides a simple and rapid method of monitoring the performance of chlorhexidine bathing.Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 2015;36(9):1095–1097
Hospital Transfer Network Structure as a Risk Factor for Clostridium difficile Infection
Authors: Simmering Jacob E. , Polgreen Linnea A. , Campbell David R. , Cavanaugh Joseph E. , Polgreen Philip M. 
Published: June 2015

OBJECTIVETo determine the effect of interhospital patient sharing via transfers on the rate of Clostridium difficile infections in a hospital.DESIGNRetrospective cohort.METHODSUsing data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project California State Inpatient Database, 2005–2011, we identified 2,752,639 transfers. We then constructed a series of networks detailing the connections formed by hospitals. We computed 2 measures of connectivity, indegree and weighted indegree, measuring the number of hospitals from which transfers into a hospital arrive, and the total number of incoming transfers, respectively. Next, we estimated a multivariate model of C. difficile infection cases using the log-transformed network measures as well as covariates for hospital fixed effects, log median length of stay, log fraction of patients aged 65 or older, and quarter and year indicators as predictors.RESULTSWe found an increase of 1 in the log indegree was associated with a 4.8% increase in incidence of C. difficile infection (95% CI, 2.3%–7.4%) and an increase of 1 in log weighted indegree was associated with a 3.3% increase in C. difficile infection incidence (1.5%–5.2%). Moreover, including measures of connectivity in our models greatly improved their fit.CONCLUSIONSOur results suggest infection control is not under the exclusive control of a given hospital but is also influenced by the connections and number of connections that hospitals have with other hospitals.Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 2015;36(9):1031–1037
Validation of Non-Smoking Status by Spouse Following a Cessation Intervention
Authors: Mejia Raul M. , Braun Sandra , Peña Lorena , Gregorich Steven E. , Pérez-Stable Eliseo J. 
Published: June 2015

Background: Following cessation interventions, self-reported smoking abstinence with biochemical verification is the “gold standard” for defining outcomes. Because obtaining biochemical verification is challenging in community studies, we compared self-reported cessation among smokers completing treatment to the smoking status reported by each participant's spouse or proxy.Method: Participants were smokers who had reported quitting 12 months after a cessation intervention. Participants had either attended a smoking cessation clinic or they were patients seen by physicians who had recently participated in a cessation-training program. Proxies living with these participants were interviewed by telephone to ask about their partner's smoking status. We compared the participants' responses to those from their spouses.Results: At 12 months, 346 of 1423 baseline smokers had quit; 161/346 reported non-smokers were called and 140 proxies were interviewed. The participants averaged 51 years of age, 69% were women. At baseline, the mean number of cigarettes smoked per day was 20.1 (SD = 9.9) and the average number of quit attempts was 2.4 (SD = 1.2). Cessation methods used were medical advice (21%) and/or pharmacotherapy (79%). Of the 140 spouses interviewed, only 10 (7.1%) reported that their partners were currently smoking.Conclusions: Proxy-reported data on smoking status could be used to validate self-report.
PALLAS: Planetary Analogues Laboratory for Light, Atmosphere, and Surface Simulations
Authors: ten Kate I.L. , Reuver M. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractHumankind has been interested in space throughout the ages and studies of the universe and our own solar system have been ongoing since the first observations of celestial bodies. In the current era space exploration has providedin situdata for the different bodies in our solar system. To fully comprehend the underlying processes occurring in these bodies, missions and telescope observations are, however, not sufficient and additional modelling studies, both numerical and analogue, are necessary. In this paper we present a new facility specifically designed to experimentally study organic compounds under simulated planetary (sub)surface conditions on rocky bodies in our solar system: PALLAS, the Planetary Analogues Laboratory for Light, Atmosphere, and Surface Simulations. We give an overview of planetary conditions that can be simulated in this facility and that are known to affect organic compounds: radiation, atmospheric composition, temperature and surface composition.
Flight behavior of foraging and overwintering brown marmorated stink bug,Halyomorpha halys(Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)
Authors: Lee D.-H. , Leskey T.C. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBrown marmorated stink bug,Halyomorpha halys(Stål), is a highly polyphagous invasive species attacking both cultivated and wild plants increasing its threat to ecosystems as a global pest. However, dispersal biology of this invasive species is not well understood. This study evaluated the flight capacity and behavior ofH. halysunder laboratory, semi-field, and field conditions. Flight mills were used to measure the baseline flight capacity of adults collected year round from the field and included both foraging and overwintering populations. The effects of abiotic conditions such as wind speed and temperatures on the free flight parameters ofH. halyswere evaluated under semi-field and field conditions. The mean flight distances over a 22-h period were 2442 and 2083 m for male and female, respectively. Most individuals (89%) flew <5 km, though some flew much further with a maximum flight distance observed of 117 km. Flight distances byH. halysincreased after emergence from overwintering sites in spring and reached their highest point in June. The incidence of take off byH. halyswas significantly affected by the wind speed; when provided with still air conditions, 83% of individuals took off, but the rates decreased to <10% when wind speed was increased to or above 0.75 m s−1. The incidence of take off byH. halyswas significantly affected by ambient temperature and light intensity in the field, whereas relative humidity and insect sex did not. When the temperature was at 10–15°C, 3% of individuals took off, but the proportion ofH. halystaking flight increased to 61, 84, and 87% at 15–20, 20–25, and 25–30°C, respectively. In the field, prevailing flight direction was biased toward the opposite direction of the sun's position, especially in the morning. The implications ofH. halysflight biology are discussed in the context of developing monitoring and management programs for this invasive species.
Biotic mortality factors affecting emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis) are highly dependent on life stage and host tree crown condition
Authors: Jennings D.E. , Duan J.J. , Shrewsbury P.M. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractEmerald ash borer (EAB),Agrilus planipennis, is a serious invasive forest pest in North America responsible for killing tens to hundreds of millions of ash trees since it was accidentally introduced in the 1990s. Although host-plant resistance and natural enemies are known to be important sources of mortality for EAB in Asia, less is known about the importance of different sources of mortality at recently colonized sites in the invaded range of EAB, and how these relate to host tree crown condition. To further our understanding of EAB population dynamics, we used a large-scale field experiment and life-table analyses to quantify the fates of EAB larvae and the relative importance of different biotic mortality factors at 12 recently colonized sites in Maryland. We found that the fates of larvae were highly dependent on EAB life stage and host tree crown condition. In relatively healthy trees (i.e., with a low EAB infestation) and for early instars, host tree resistance was the most important mortality factor. Conversely, in more unhealthy trees (i.e., with a moderate to high EAB infestation) and for later instars, parasitism and predation were the major sources of mortality. Life-table analyses also indicated how the lack of sufficient levels of host tree resistance and natural enemies contribute to rapid population growth of EAB at recently colonized sites. Our findings provide further evidence of the mechanisms by which EAB has been able to successfully establish and spread in North America.
An Eocene anchovy from Monte Bolca, Italy: The earliest known record for the family Engraulidae
Authors: MARRAMÀ GIUSEPPE , CARNEVALE GIORGIO 
Published: June 2015

AbstractEngraulids, also known as anchovies, are a distinctive group of clupeoid fishes characterized by a series of derived morphological features of the snout and infraorbital bones, suspensorium and branchial arches. Although anchovies are very abundant today, they are scarcely represented in the fossil record. A new genus and species of anchovy, †Eoengraulis fasoloigen. et sp. nov., is described from the Eocene (late Ypresian,c. 50 Ma) locality of Monte Bolca, Italy. It is based on a single well-preserved articulated skeleton that exhibits a unique combination of characters that supports its recognition as a new genus of the family Engraulidae, including: nine branchiostegal rays; 40 preural vertebrae and 17 pairs of pleural ribs; pleural ribs – preural vertebrae ratio 0.42; seven supraneurals; dorsal-fin origin at about mid-length of the body; about 16 dorsal-fin rays; anal-fin origin slightly behind the base of the last dorsal-fin ray; 19 anal-fin rays; seven pelvic-fin rays; and small needle-like pre-pelvic scutes. The morphological structure of the single available specimen suggests that †Eoengraulis fasoloiis the sister taxon of all other engrauline taxa. †Eoengraulis fasoloiis the oldest member of the family Engraulidae known to date. This taxon suggests that the earliest phases of diversification of engrauline anchovies probably occurred in the coastal palaeobiotopes of the western Tethys during Eocene time.