bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interhospital Facility Transfers in the United States: A Nationwide Outcomes Study
Authors: Hernandez-Boussard Tina , Davies Sheryl , McDonald Kathryn , Wang N. Ewen 
Published: November 2014

Objectives
Patient transfers between hospitals are becoming more common in the United States. Disease-specific studies have reported varying outcomes associated with transfer status. However, even as national quality improvement efforts and regulations are being actively adopted, forcing hospitals to become financially accountable for the quality of care provided, surprisingly little is known about transfer patients or their outcomes at a population level. This population-wide study provides timely analyses of the characteristics of this particularly vulnerable and sizable inpatient population. We identified and compared characteristics and outcomes of transfer and nontransfer patients.

Methods
With the use of the 2009 Nationwide Inpatient Sample, a nationally representative sample of U.S. hospitalizations, we examined patient characteristics, in-hospital adverse events, and discharge disposition for transfer versus nontransfer patients in this observational study.

Results
We identified 1,397,712 transfer patients and 31,692,211 nontransfer patients. Age, sex, race, and payer were significantly associated with odds of transfer (P < 0.05). Transfer patients had higher risk-adjusted inpatient mortality (4.6 versus 2.1, P < 0.01), longer length of stay (13.3 versus 4.5, P < 0.01), and fewer routine disposition discharges (53.6 versus 68.7, P < 0.01). In-hospital adverse events were significantly higher in transfer patients compared with nontransfer patients (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
Our results suggest that transfer patients have inferior outcomes compared with nontransfer patients. Although they are clinically complex patients and assessing accountability as between the transferring and receiving hospitals is methodologically difficult, transfer patients must nonetheless be included in quality benchmark data to assess the potential impact this population has on hospital outcome profiles. With hospital accountability and value-based payments constituting an integral part of health care reform, documenting the quality of care delivered to transfer patients is essential before accurate quality assessment improvement efforts can begin in this patient population.
Recognition and identification of species in theBombus lucorum-complex – A review and outlook
Authors: Bossert Silas 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe recognition of cryptic species represents one of the major challenges in current taxonomy and affects our understanding of global diversity. In practice, the process from discovery to acceptance in the scientific community can take an extensive length of time. A prime example is the traditionally difficult taxonomy of the cryptic bumblebee species belonging to theBombus lucorum-complex. The status of the three European species in the group –Bombus lucorumand the closely relatedBombus cryptarumandBombus magnus– has recently become widely accepted, primarily due to investigations of nucleotide sequences and marking pheromones. In contrast, doubts prevail concerning the validity of species identification based on morphology. As a consequence, our knowledge of the species is muddled in a mire of unreliable and confusing literature data from a large number of authors over the centuries. To clarify this issue, this paper provides a recapitulation of the historical literature and highlights the milestones in the process of species recognition. Further, the possibility of a morphologically based species identification is discussed in the context of new molecular data. Finally, this review outlines the current challenges and provides directions for future issues.
ENVIRONMENTS and EOL: identification of Environment Ontology terms in text and the annotation of the Encyclopedia of Life
Authors: Pafilis Evangelos , Frankild Sune P , Schnetzer Julia , Fanini Lucia , Faulwetter Sarah , Pavloudi Christina , Vasileiadou Aikaterini , Leary Patrick , Hammock Jennifer , Schulz Katja , Parr Cynthia Sims , Arvanitidis Christos , Jensen Lars Juhl 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTSummary:The association of organisms to their environments is a key issue in exploring biodiversity patterns. This knowledge has traditionally been scattered, but textual descriptions of taxa and their habitats are now being consolidated in centralized resources. However, structured annotations are needed to facilitate large-scale analyses. Therefore, we developed ENVIRONMENTS, a fast dictionary-based tagger capable of identifying Environment Ontology (ENVO) terms in text. We evaluate the accuracy of the tagger on a new manually curated corpus of 600 Encyclopedia Of Life (EOL) species pages. We use the tagger to associate taxa with environments by tagging EOL text content monthly, and integrate the results into the EOL to disseminate them to a broad audience of users.Availability and implementation:The software and the corpus are available under the open-source BSD and the CC-BY-NC-SA 3.0 licenses, respectively, athttp://environments.hcmr.grContact:pafilis@hcmr.gr;lars.juhl.jensen@cpr.ku.dk
Documentary letter of credit fraud risk management
Authors: Zhang Yanan 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore and examine, in a systematic manner, possible preventive measures that commercial parties can take in order to prevent or reduce documentary letter of credit (L/C) fraud in international transactions.Design/methodology/approachIn the context of international transactions, considering documentary L/C fraud as a risk, the paper searched preventive measures that different parties involved can adopt, from both business perspective and legal perspective.FindingsThe paper provides a number of specific measures which buyers, sellers, and banks in international L/C transactions can take in business to reduce L/C fraud. The option of banks providing additional services of checking further the validity or authenticity of some documents under the L/C, by charging additional prices, has reflected the needs of some business parties. However, this is proposed to be optional rather than compulsory for banks. The lawyers can also play an important role by adopting preventive legal mentality to help and provide advice to different parties in applying the preventive and proactive approach. More importantly, the author recommends that buyers or sellers maintain close cooperation with their banks and lawyers in implementing preventive and proactive measures.Practical implicationsThe paper can be a helpful source of advice for business enterprises likely to be involved in international documentary L/C transactions.Originality/valueThis paper fulfils the gap of a holistic study on how to prevent international documentary letter of credit fraud.
Safeguarding adults at risk in the NHS through inter‐agency working
Authors: Williams Simon 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThe paper aims to appraise professional practice in safeguarding vulnerable adults. It will examine the mechanisms in place and discuss how future policy will affect multi‐agency working in this field.Design/methodology/approachThe paper examines recent consultations, policy development, inspectorate reports and legal guidance surrounding the issue of safeguarding adults in England and Wales, and suggests ways in which inter‐agency working can be strengthened.FindingsSafeguarding systems need to be timely, rigorous and transparent to increase levels of public confidence and to ensure that the people who are at most risk of being abused are safe when accessing public services. The concept of safeguarding adults is increasingly being integrated into government policy and there are many successful examples of safeguarding partnership working in England and Wales. However, there are also substantial barriers that hinder organisations from working together effectively, such as different cultures, practices and ideologies.Originality/valueThe paper explores the fact that there needs to be clarification of roles and responsibilities and integration of processes, and acceptance of true multi‐agency working. There is a danger that instead of providing extra protection for adults at risk, multiple routes will result in a lack of co‐ordination.
Mullins’ effect and damage accumulation in perfluoroelastomers
Authors: Drozdov A.D. 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop a constitutive model in cyclic viscoplasticity of perfluoroelastomers that accounts for the Mullins effect and to determine adjustable parameters in the stress‐strain relations by fitting observations in mechanical tests.Design/methodology/approachA perfluoroelastomer with a complicated internal structure is modeled as an equivalent incompressible, permanent, non‐affine network of chains with constrained mobility. Its viscoplastic response at finite strains is treated as sliding of junctions between chains with respect to their reference positions. Damage accumulation is associated with acceleration of plastic flow of junctions driven by growth of free volume. Stress‐strain relations are derived by using the Clausius‐Duhem inequality.FindingsConstitutive equations are developed that correctly describe the mechanical behavior of perfluoroelastomers under cyclic loading with stress‐ and strain‐controlled deformation programs and arbitrary numbers of cycles. Adjustable parameters in the stress‐strain relations are found by matching experimental data in uniaxial tensile tests. Numerical simulation demonstrates that the model adequately predicts characteristic features of the Mullins effect.Originality/valueA constitutive model is derived that can be applied for description of the viscoplastic response in perfluoroelastomers at cyclic loading with complicated deformation programs and prediction of their time to failure under fatigue conditions.
Frequency and response analysis for cellular honeycomb structures under Hamilton system
Authors: Hou Xiu‐hui , Deng Zi‐chen , Zhou Jia‐xi 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the frequency and response of hexagonal cell honeycomb structures under Hamilton system.Design/methodology/approachTaking orthotropic sandwich cylinder as the analytical model, the basic equilibrium equations are transformed into Hamilton system, where the canonical transformation, the extended Wittrick‐Williams algorithm and the precise integration method can be applied to calculate the frequency and the responses of the honeycomb sandwich structures.FindingsFor the cellular structures, the basic frequency is the most important which can be affected greatly by the wave number. It is also found that the displacement mode shape is dominated by the radial displacement and the axial principal stress is much higher than that of the radial or the circumferential principal stress for the sandwich cylinders.Originality/valueA new solution procedure is proposed for the cellular structures by constructing the Hamilton matrix in the cylindrical coordinates. The analysis system is thus transformed from Lagrange to Hamilton.
Dynamic reliability of aircraft hydraulic pipelines under random pressure pulsation and vibration
Authors: Liu Wei , Liu Yongshou , Yue Zhufeng 
Published: November 2014

PurposePressure pulsations and vibration working condition lead to dynamic troubles in hydraulic devices. It is highly desirable to be able to estimate the durability at the design stage so that appropriate maintenance period can be determined for safety and reliability. The purpose of this paper is to propose a quantitative evaluation method for pulsation and vibration based on reliability.Design/methodology/approachPressure pulsations are approximately treaded as a stationary random process. The principle of transform function and fluid network chain rules are used to disassemble the hydraulic power unit into the series‐system. Mean square deviation of dynamic stress under the pumping source white noise exciting was calculated based on frequency responses. Statistical regularity of displacement and stress responses of pipelines under external random vibration are obtained by the spectrum analysis. Both the first‐passage failure criterion and fatigue damage accumulation failure criterion are adopted to analyze the dynamic pressure reliability of hydraulic pipelines.FindingsThe terminal joint, bellow pipe and pipe clamps are verified as the weak location of the pipelines. The mean square deviations of pulsations and vibration response influence the pipelines reliability. The results indicated that the preventative design method of controlling the pressure below 10 per cent of rated pressure does not meet the security specification of the hydraulic power unit.Originality/valueThe paper proposes a quantitative evaluation method for random pressure pulsation and external vibration based on reliability, which provides a new approach for the safety assessment and design of hydraulic pipelines.
Takāful standards and customer perceptions affecting takāful practices in Pakistan: a survey
Authors: Akhter Waheed , Hussain Tajammal 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to attempt to see the effectiveness of operational and transformational standards raised by joint working group of Islamic Financial Services Board (IFSB) and International Association of Insurance Supervisors (IAIS) as well as respondents' perceptions about Takāful (Islamic insurance) practices in Pakistan.Design/methodology/approachA total of two questionnaires were designed for this purpose: one for Takāful operators in Pakistan and other for insurance customers. For the first questionnaire, three Takāful operators were visited at Karachi. For the second questionnaire, a sample of 150 insurance customers was surveyed at Rawalpindi. Descriptive statistics and Chi‐square test was used to analyze the data.FindingsReporting standards and internal controls were found to have low level of observance among Takāful operators in Pakistan. The survey of insurance customers revealed that majority of the respondents (91 percent) are unaware of Takāful concept. Education was found to be the single important factor affecting income of the respondents, their perceptions and level of Takāful awareness.Research limitations/implicationsThe survey is conducted at one major city of the country based on convenient sampling technique and its results have been generalized for the entire country. However, actual results might differ when a sufficiently large sample is taken from all the main cities of the country.Practical implicationsThe study would help the policy makers to focus on strengthening regulatory framework for Takāful. It will also help Takāful operators in understanding public perceptions about Takāful and devising strategies to promote Takāful business to the vast population of Pakistan.Originality/valueThis is the first empirical research conducted on Takāful in Pakistan that analyzes the Takāful practices both from managerial perspective as well as from regulatory perspective.
Exotic invasive plants alter thermal regimes: implications for management using a case study of a native ectotherm
Authors: Carter Evin T. , Eads Bryan C. , Ravesi Michael J. , Kingsbury Bruce A. 
Published: November 2014

Summary

Exotic invasive plants can alter ecosystem structure and function, yet there is a paucity of evidence regarding broadly applicable mechanisms. We hypothesized that denser growth patterns characteristic of exotic invasive plants lead to a common effect of reduction and homogenization of environmental temperatures and that these alterations compromise thermal quality of habitat for ectotherms.

We quantified thermal regimes within native and exotic plant‐dominated habitats, including monocultures of 11 exotic species as well as stratified mixed‐exotic habitats in a temperate forest landscape in the eastern US.

Exotic plant‐dominated habitats exhibited reduced and less variable temperature compared to their native counterparts, with stratified mixed‐exotic habitats exhibiting the lowest temperatures overall and exotic shrubs (six species) the lowest as a structural group. Thermal effects were extended beyond the growing season of native vegetation owing to extended leaf phenology of exotic woody species.

To demonstrate that these effects can alter environmental cues and adversely impact native species, we used a 4‐year radiotelemetry study and laboratory thermal preference trials to relate habitat thermal quality to multiscale resource selection by a native snake, Agkistrodon contortrix. To further test the effect of vegetation structure and the efficacy of targeted management, we removed exotic foliar cover from eight 400 m2 plots.

Radio‐tagged snakes avoided exotic vegetation at multiple spatial scales. In contrast to previous studies of A. contortrix, snakes exhibited preference for sites composed of higher native vegetation density and height. Response to exotic foliage removal was also rapid – including use of sites during gestation and parturition.

Together with other recent studies, our results suggest a direct, non‐trophic effect that is common to a broad range of exotic invasive plant species in a variety of ecological contexts. We further offer a mitigation technique that may be implemented when large‐scale control or eradication is not cost‐effective or ecologically sound.
Comparison of P‐wave attenuation models of wave‐induced flow
Authors: Sun Weitao , Ba Jing , Müller Tobias M. , Carcione José M. , Cao Hong 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTWave‐induced oscillatory fluid flow in the vicinity of inclusions embedded in porous rocks is one of the main causes for P‐wave dispersion and attenuation at seismic frequencies. Hence, the P‐wave velocity depends on wave frequency, porosity, saturation, and other rock parameters. Several analytical models quantify this wave‐induced flow attenuation and result in characteristic velocity–saturation relations. Here, we compare some of these models by analyzing their low‐ and high‐frequency asymptotic behaviours and by applying them to measured velocity–saturation relations. Specifically, the Biot–Rayleigh model considering spherical inclusions embedded in an isotropic rock matrix is compared with White's and Johnson's models of patchy saturation. The modeling of laboratory data for tight sandstone and limestone indicates that, by selecting appropriate inclusion size, the Biot‐Rayleigh predictions are close to the measured values, particularly for intermediate and high water saturations.
Sex‐related dietary changes of Portuguese university students after migration to London, UK
Authors: Santos Susana , Vilela Sofia , Padrão Patrícia , Caraher Martin 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAimTo assess the changes in eating habits and food choice motives of Portuguese university students after migration to London, according to sex.MethodsFifty‐five Portuguese university students (52.7% female) from 12 randomly selected London universities underwent a face‐to‐face interview. Trained interviewers administered a structured questionnaire comprising questions on socio‐demographic characteristics, the frequency of consumption of selected food and beverage items, and the motives underlying food choices regarding Portugal and London practices.ResultsSome dietary changes occurred in both male and female Portuguese students such as a decrease in the intake of red meat, fish, pastries and vegetable soup, and an increase in the intake of hamburger and tea with milk. Men also reported a decrease in the intake of cheese, dairy desserts, eggs, smoked sausages, ham, sweet spreads, potatoes, rice and fresh fruit, and an increase in the intake of bacon. For women, the consumption frequency of chips and chocolate increased and of vegetables decreased. Regarding food choice, the motives related to food purchasing and preparation became more important after migration to London for both sexes. The importance of nutritional information for women and weight control for men also increased after migration.ConclusionsA shift from a Mediterranean diet towards a more Western diet was observed after migration. Men were more likely to change their dietary habits whereas women were more likely to maintain. Food choice in London was greatly influenced by food purchasing and preparation.
Neuronal protein with tau‐like repeats (PTL‐1) regulates intestinal SKN‐1 nuclear accumulation in response to oxidative stress
Authors: Chew Yee Lian , Götz Jürgen , Nicholas Hannah R. 
Published: November 2014

SummaryOxidative stress is a central pathomechanism in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other diseases with tau pathology. The Nrf2 transcription factor induces detoxification enzymes and improves tau pathology and cognition. Its homologue in C. elegans is SKN‐1. We previously showed that the worm tau homologue, PTL‐1, regulates neuronal aging and lifespan. Here, we tested PTL‐1's involvement in the stress response. ptl‐1 mutant animals are hypersensitive to oxidative stress and are defective in stress‐mediated nuclear accumulation of SKN‐1. This defect can be rescued by PTL‐1 re‐expression under the control of the ptl‐1 promoter. Given the close relationship between aging and stress tolerance, we tested lifespan and found that PTL‐1 and SKN‐1 regulate longevity via similar processes. Our data also suggest that PTL‐1 functions via neurons to modulate SKN‐1, clarifying the role of this protein in the stress response and longevity.
Non‐anaplastic peripheral T‐cell lymphoma in children and adolescents – a retrospective analysis of the NHL‐BFM study group
Authors: Kontny Udo , Oschlies Ilske , Woessmann Willi , Burkhardt Birgit , Lisfeld Jasmin , Salzburg Janina , Janda Ales , Attarbaschi Andishe , Niggli Felix , Zimmermann Martin , Reiter Alfred , Klapper Wolfram 
Published: November 2014

SummaryMature (peripheral) T‐cell lymphoma (PTCL) other than anaplastic large cell lymphoma is a heterogeneous group of diseases and exceedingly rare in children and adolescents. Survival rates range between 46% and 85%. This study reports the disease characteristics, treatment and outcome of all patients with the diagnosis of mature TCL registered in the Berlin‐Frankfurt‐Munster non‐Hodgkin lymphoma database between 1986 and 2012. All diagnoses were centrally reviewed and revised by clinico‐pathological correlation according to the criteria of the current World Health Organization classification. Of the 69 patients originally registered as having PTCL, the diagnosis was confirmed in 38 of them. Most patients were treated with an anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL)‐like therapy regimen. Patients with PTCL‐not otherwise specified comprised the largest group and showed a 5‐year event‐free survival rate of 61 ± 11%. Patients suffering from Natural Killer/T‐cell‐ and hepatosplenic TCL had the poorest outcome. Our results suggest that the outcomes of children with mature TCL other than ALCL depend on the subtype and are worse than in all other paediatric lymphomas. The clinical experience presented in this largest study on paediatric mature TCL may serve as basis for future collaborative international prospective clinical trials.