bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbon Dating the Image of Apo Santo Cristo de Lubao: From Oral History to Scientific Inquiry
Authors: SICAT RODRIGO M. , FERNANDEZ XYRIS GERARD A. 
Published: October 2014

Oral history is important in preserving significant milestones in humanexperience. This scientific research was conducted to identify the age of the holyCrucifix using radiocarbon dating method. Specifically, it aims to carry out thestudy by identifying the age of the sacred Cross of the Crucified Image of Christthrough radiocarbon dating procedures, and to provide scientific information tothe people vis-à-vis results of the carbon dating analysis. Based on the findings ofthe study, radiocarbon dating analyses showed that Beta-316804 (The WoodenCross) indicated a measured radiocarbon age Cal AD 1650 to 1690 (Cal BP 300to 260) compared to Beta-316805 (Image of Christ) Cal AD 1680 to 1730 (Cal BP 270 to 220) as identified by Beta Analytic Incorporated in 2012. Results showthat at 2-sigma statistics (95% probability), 2 dates yielded overlapping ranges,indicating that the results are statistically identical. Analyses of samples indicatedthat samples came from the same tree. Beta-316804 (The Wooden Cross) is slightly older than Beta-316805 (Christ’s Image). In conclusion, the study revealed the proximity of the radiocarbon dating analyses to the traditional accounts of thepeople of Lubao, Pampanga. Considering the highly sensitive nature of analyticalchemistry apparatuses, the time ranges (ages) drawn from the chemical analyseswere closely proximate to the dates asserted by oral accounts of the place. The results reveal the antiquity of the Crucifix (Cross and Image of Christ). The resultsvalidated the customary and traditional social and religious norms of the peopleas regards their reverence and devotion to the Crucifix even in this contemporarymilieu.Keywords: Social Sciences, oral history, religious artifact, image, Apo Sto Cristo, radiocarbondating, Philippines
A Numerical Model of Philippine Population Growth: Child Policy, Quantitative Insights and Challenges
Authors: TALABIS DYLAN ANTONIO SJ. , MANAY ERICK JUSTINE V. , BABIERRA ARIEL L. , FLORES JABEZ JOSHUA M. , RABAJANTE JOMAR F. 
Published: October 2014

The study investigates the effect of imposing an n-child policy by forecastingthe population of the Philippines using a discrete age-structured compartmental model. Based on the results of the projection, a policy promoting a maximumof two children per couple leads to a transient stabilization (i.e., the populationeventually declines after attaining zero-growth rate). A three-child policy may alsolead to stabilization yet may converge beyond the calculated Verhulstian carryingcapacity of approximately 200M. However, overshooting the carrying capacity canbe resolved by increasing the available resources that can support the escalatingpopulation size. A child policy dictating a maximum of four or more children percouple results to a similar population growth as the status quo due to the inherentdeclining birth rate. With the declining birth rate trend in the Philippines,population stabilization is realizable even without implementing a child policy butonly after 100 years. Furthermore, this study estimated the future age structure andthe resultant GDP per capita income associated with each child policy.Keywords: Demography, population projection, child policy, zero growth, economy,logistic, carrying capacity, age-structured model, Philippines
A unique asymmetry in the pattern of recent sea level change
Authors: Thompson Philip R. , Merrifield Mark A. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe spatial pattern of 20 year sea surface height trends from satellite altimetry is placed into the context of historical modes of wind‐driven ocean volume redistribution identified in basin‐scale, regional averages of tide gauge data. The difference between recent rates of sea level change in northern and southern regions is found to be twice as large and statistically greater than any other 20 year period during the twentieth century. This unique asymmetry in the pattern of sea level change coincides with a departure from a historical mode of volume redistribution between southern regions related to a measure of asymmetry in the Southern Annular Mode. The asymmetry also coincides with a maximum in the rate of global mean sea level rise during recent decades, but the asymmetry is not apparent during an early twentieth century maximum in the global rate of similar magnitude.
Ion‐scale spectral break of solar wind turbulence at high and low beta
Authors: Chen C. H. K. , Leung L. , Boldyrev S. , Maruca B. A. , Bale S. D. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe power spectrum of magnetic fluctuations in the solar wind at 1 AU displays a break between two power laws in the range of spacecraft‐frame frequencies 0.1 to 1 Hz. These frequencies correspond to spatial scales in the plasma frame near the proton gyroradius ρi and proton inertial length di. At 1 AU it is difficult to determine which of these is associated with the break, since and the perpendicular ion plasma beta is typically β⊥i∼1. To address this, several exceptional intervals with β⊥i≪1 and β⊥i≫1 were investigated, during which these scales were well separated. It was found that for β⊥i≪1 the break occurs at di and for β⊥i≫1 at ρi, i.e., the larger of the two scales. Possible explanations for these results are discussed, including Alfvén wave dispersion, damping, and current sheets.
Interviewing High Value Detainees: Securing Cooperation and Disclosures
Authors: Goodman‐Delahunty Jane , Martschuk Natalie , Dhami Mandeep K. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryFour types of coercive and noncoercive interview strategies (legalistic, physical, cognitive and social) used to facilitate disclosure by high value detainees were examined in an international sample of practitioners and detainees (N = 64). Predictive analyses confirmed that the accusatorial approach was positively correlated with physically coercive strategies (rs = .58) and negatively with forms of social persuasion (rs = −.31). In response to social strategies, detainees were more likely to disclose meaningful information [odds ratio (OR) = 4.2] and earlier in the interview when rapport‐building techniques were used (OR = 14.17). They were less likely to cooperate when confronted with evidence (OR = 4.8). Disclosures were more complete in response to noncoercive strategies, especially rapport‐building and procedural fairness elements of respect and voice. These findings augmented past theory on interactional processes and the evidence‐base of international best practices in suspect interviews. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Metabolic profiling study on potential toxicity and immunotoxicity‐biomarker discovery in rats treated with cyclophosphamide using HPLC‐ESI‐IT‐TOF‐MS
Authors: Li Jing , Lin Wensi , Lin Weiwei , Xu Peng , Zhang Jianmei , Yang Haisong , Ling Xiaomei 
Published: October 2014

AbstractDespite the recent advances in understanding toxicity mechanism of cyclophosphamide (CTX), the development of biomarkers is still essential. CTX‐induced immunotoxicity in rats by a metabonomics approach was investigated using high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with ion trap time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (HPLC‐ESI‐IT‐TOF‐MS). The rats were orally administered CTX (30 mg/kg/day) for five consecutive days, and on the fifth day samples of urine, thymus and spleen were collected and analyzed. A significant difference in metabolic profiling was observed between the CTX‐treated group and the control group by partial least squares‐discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA), which indicated that metabolic disturbances of immunotoxicity in CTX‐treated rats had occurred. One potential biomarker in spleen, three in urine and three in thymus were identified. It is suggested that the CTX‐toxicity mechanism may involve the modulation of tryptophan metabolism, phospholipid metabolism and energy metabolism. This research can help to elucidate the CTX‐influenced pathways at a low dose and can further help to indicate the patients' pathological status at earlier stages of toxicological progression after drug administration. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predictors and clinical implications of atrial fibrillation in patients with severe aortic stenosis undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation
Authors: Barbash Israel M. , Minha Sa'ar , Ben‐Dor Itsik , Dvir Danny , Torguson Rebecca , Aly Muhammad , Bond Elizabeth , Satler Lowell F. , Pichard Augusto D. , Waksman Ron 
Published: October 2014

ObjectivesTo assess the prevalence at baseline, postprocedural incidence, and clinical impact of atrial fibrillation (AF) on consecutive patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI).BackgroundAF in patients with aortic stenosis (AS) is an independent risk factor for adverse outcome. Despite the evidence for high AF prevalence and the increased risk in surgical series, there are limited data with regard to AF and its impact on outcome after TAVI.MethodsConsecutive patients with symptomatic, severe AS were analyzed and categorized according to prevalence of AF on initial admission (baseline AF) and according to the development of new AF postprocedure (postprocedure AF). A total of 371 patients were included in the analysis; of them, 143 (39%) had AF at baseline.ResultsNo difference in procedural and hospital outcome was found between groups; however, baseline AF patients did have higher 1‐year mortality (28.8 vs. 18%, P = 0.01). Of the patients with no baseline AF, 46 patients (20%) developed new, postprocedural AF during their hospital stay. Inhospital death was twice as frequent in patients with new, postprocedure AF, however, this difference did not reach statistical significance (13 vs. 6.7%, P = 0.22). Procedure hemodynamic instability (OR 9.3; 95% CI 1.5–59), and transapical access (OR 4.96, 95% CI 1.9–13.2) were independent predictors for development of new AF.ConclusionsBaseline and postprocedure AF are common in AS patients undergoing TAVI. However, only postprocedure AF is associated with a prolonged and more complicated hospital course. AF is associated with poor long‐term, but not short‐term, mortality. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Development of Estimation Method of Spatial Average Irradiance Fluctuation Characteristics Considering Smoothing Effect around Observation Point
Authors: Kato Takeyoshi , Kumazawa Shinsuke , Honda Nobuyuki , Koaizawa Masakazu , Nishino Shinichi , Suzuoki Yasuo 
Published: October 2014

SUMMARYIn order to estimate the total power output fluctuation of a high‐penetration photovoltaic power generation system by using data from a limited number of points, the smoothing effect around individual observation points should be taken into account. Based on the transfer hypothesis, this study proposes a low‐pass filter (LPF) to estimate the spatial average irradiance fluctuation characteristics taking the smoothing effect around the observation point into account. First, by using the irradiance data observed at 18 points in the Nobi plain, we confirmed that the fluctuation characteristics of the spatial average irradiance can be estimated by using the characteristics of the single point irradiance when the radius of the equivalent circular area is smaller than 30 km. Then, by formulating the relation between the area size and the fluctuation cycle from which the random fluctuation factor begins to increase, we developed a LPF to take the smoothing effect around the observation point into account. Finally, we demonstrated that the spatial average fluctuation characteristics can be estimated successfully for various area sizes within a radius of 20 km by applying a dedicated LPF according to the area size.
Analysis of Avalanche Phenomena in Developing Neuronal Circuits Cultured on Microelectrode Array
Authors: Goto Miho , Yoshida Lui , Saito Atsushi , Saito Aki , Takayama Yuzo , Moriguchi Hiroyuki , Kotani Kiyoshi , Jimbo Yasuhiko 
Published: October 2014

SUMMARYTo analyze network dynamics, neuronal avalanche is a quite interesting phenomenon. Recently, it was reported that neuronal avalanches were power‐law distributed in a slice cortex of a rat, which attracted attention because power‐law behavior in neuronal avalanches is an important index representing network criticality and its efficiency of information transition. In this study, we focused on the early stage of network growth and observed avalanche phenomena during their development. Power‐law behavior in neuronal avalanches was observed at a matured stage, as reported in previous research. However, in the early stage, the size distribution of avalanches did not follow a power law, indicating that there was a transient period moving on to the critical point.
Quality changes during the frozen storage of the crustacean lobster krill (Munida spp.)
Authors: García‐Soto Bibiana , Miranda José M. , Barros‐Velázquez Jorge , Aubourg Santiago P. 
Published: October 2014

This study focused on the quality changes of an undervalorised and underutilised crustacean, lobster krill (Munida spp.) during its frozen storage (10 months at −18°C). Fresh lobster krill specimens were previously soaked in aq. 0.75 and 0.25% sodium metabisulphite (SMB) solutions (0.75‐SMB and 0.25‐SMB conditions, respectively). Comparisons with individuals soaked in water (water control, WC condition) and unsoaked (blank control, BC condition) were carried out. Better sensory acceptance (namely, external colour and flesh odour and taste) was obtained with SMB presence in previous soaking; BC samples were rejected (external odour as limiting factor) at month 10, while the remaining batches were still acceptable. Additionally, a sensory quality enhancement was accomplished by water soaking. Increases in secondary lipid oxidation compound formation were observed in SMB‐treated lobster krill; however, chemical assessment of non‐enzymatic (tertiary lipid oxidation) and enzymatic browning showed a marked inhibition in lobster flesh previously soaked under both SMB conditions when compared with their counterpart blanks (BC and WC). As a result, no effect on the polyene index could be concluded. Finally, previous SMB soaking increased the formation of trimethylamine and inhibited lipid hydrolysis (free fatty acid content) in lobster flesh.Practical applications: The marine food industry is actually suffering from dwindling stocks of traditional species as a result of drastic changes in their availability. Consequently, marine technologists and trade have turned their attention to some unconventional sources of raw material. Among them, lobster krill, also called squat lobster, a decapod crustacean belonging to the Genus Munida (Family Galatheidae, Order Decapoda), represents a relevant choice. Currently, lobster krill has no commercial value, but it is occasionally caught and discarded at sea during fishing targeted to commercial fish species. The results presented in this study open the way to the potential commercialisation of lobster krill as frozen product. Moreover, a simple preservation step, such as sodium metabisulphite soaking previous to freezing, was successfully applied to retain its quality. Further research is needed to reinforce the commercial and technological possibilities to provide the consumer with such a new, attractive and nutritious seafood species.Quality changes during the frozen storage of the infravalorised crustacean lobster krill (Munida spp.)
New insights on effects of a dietary supplement on oxidative and nitrosative stress in humans
Authors: Nemzer Boris V. , Fink Nelli , Fink Bruno 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe research community is generally agreed that maintenance of healthy levels of free radicals and related oxidants are important for good health. However, utilization of the “redox stress hypothesis” can provide us with concrete nutritional targets in order to better support and maintain “optimal health.” Following this hypothesis we performed a crossover, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, single‐dose study on the effects of SPECTRA™, a dietary supplement, on oxidative stress markers (OSM) in human participants (n = 22). The measurement of OSM (ex vivo intra‐ and extracellular formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS, O2−, H2O2, OH−) in whole blood, respiratory activity of blood cells, as well as mitochondrial‐dependent ROS formation, and respiratory activity), was performed using EPR spectrometernOxyscan, spin probe CMH, and oxygen label NOX‐15.1, respectively. Furthermore, we investigated the ability of SPECTRA™to modulate ex vivo cellular inflammatory responses induced by stimulation with exogenous TNF‐αand also followed changes in bioavailable NO concentrations. In this clinical study, we demonstrated that administration of SPECTRA™resulted in statistically significant long‐term inhibition of mitochondrial and cellular ROS generation by as much as 17% as well as 3.5‐times inhibition in extracellular NADPH system‐dependent generation of O2−, and nearly complete inhibition of extracellular H2O2formation. This was reflected in more than two times inhibition of ex vivo cellular inflammatory response and also increases in bioavailable NO concentration. For the first time, we have measured synergetic, biological effects of a natural supplement on changes in OSM and cellular metabolic activity. The unique design and activity of the plant‐based natural supplement, in combination with the newly developed and extended Vitality test, demonstrates the potential of using dietary supplements to modulate OSM and also opens the door to future research into the use of natural supplements for supporting optimal health.
Chemical Speciation of Amphoteric Ions on Semi‐Dry Scrubber Residue and Bag‐House Ash from MSWI
Authors: Huang Wu‐Jang , Chen Wei‐Cheng , Chou Guan‐Chang , Chu Suey‐Chun 
Published: October 2014

AbstractTwo series of size‐fractionated combusted residues, a bag‐house ash and a scrubber residue, from a municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) were prepared and extracted by means of sequential chemical extraction (SCE) procedures proposed by Tessier. Concentrations of water‐soluble phase, exchangeable phase, carbonated phase, Fe/Mn oxide phase, organic matter phase, and residual phase bound amphoteric metals (Pb and Zn) were obtained, and have been compared with those of single batch extraction of toxic characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP). In each size fraction of baghouse ash or scrubber residue, lead or zinc shows a common phenomena that the TCLP value is always lower than the content of the water‐soluble fraction. For lead, baghouse ash has a significant size‐dependent distribution on the water‐soluble phase to perform a size‐dependent test of lead in the TCLP test. The zinc TCLP data having less size dependence might be due to that neither the baghouse ash nor the scrubber residue has a size‐dependent distribution on the water‐soluble zinc phase.
An Extractive‐Spectrophotometric Method for Determination of Fluoride Ions in Natural Waters Based on its Bleaching Effect on the Iron (III)‐Thiocyanate Complex
Authors: Farajzadeh M. A. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAn extractive‐spectrophotometric method based on the bleaching effect of F− ions on the iron (III)‐thiocyanate complex extracted into methyl iso‐butyl keton (MIBK) is proposed for the determination of fluoride ions in natural waters. This method is a simple and rapid method and there is no need for special and expensive reagents. The experimental conditions such as SCN− concentration, pH and kind of solvent were optimized, and we found that 0.15 M SCN−, pH = 5 and MIBK are the best selections. Limit of detection is 0.1 mg F−/L with a linear dynamic range 0.5–7 mg/L which covers optimum concentration of F− ions in drinking water (0.7–1.2 mg/L). Interference of Fe3+ and Al3+ ions was easily eliminated by the extractive procedure using a solution of oxine in chloroform. Finally, the proposed method was used in determination of fluoride content of some real water samples and the obtained results compared with those obtained from the standard method. No significant differences were observed between them.
Synthesis of Triazoles, Oxadiazoles and Condensed Heterocyclic Compounds Containing Cinchopheny and Studies on Biological Activity of Representative Compounds
Authors: Xu Peng‐Fei , Zhang Zhi‐Hui , Hui Xin‐Ping , Zhang Zi‐Yi , Zheng Rong‐Liang 
Published: October 2014

AbstractCompounds 2‐arylamino‐5‐cinchophenyl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazoline (7) and 3‐thio‐4‐amino‐5‐cinchophenyl‐1,2,4‐triazole (3) have been synthesized utilizing cinchophen as the starting material. The compound 3‐cinchopheny‐s‐triazolo[3,4‐b]‐1,2,3,4‐thiatriazole (4) was prepared from compound 3. Condensation of 3 with aromatic acid in the presence of POCl3 gave 10 new 6‐aryl‐3‐cinchopheny‐1,2,4‐triazolo[3,4‐b]‐1,3,4‐thiadiazoles (5). Some of the representative compounds were screened for antibacterial activity. The structures of these new compounds have been confirmed by means of elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR and MS.
Synthesis of Some Thienotetrahydroquinoline Derivatives
Authors: El‐Dean A. M. Kamal , Shaker R. , El‐Hassan A. A. Abo , Latif F. F. Abdel 
Published: October 2014

Abstract2‐Thioxo‐1,2,5,6,7,8‐hexahydroquinoline‐3‐carbonitrile (2) was easily S‐alkylated to produce alkyl mercapto derivatives 3a‐g. The latter compounds were cyclized to afford thienotetrahydroquinolines 4a‐g. Several pyrimidothienotetrahydroquinolines 5a‐d, and 6a‐d were obtained from the condensation of compounds 4c‐f with different reagents.o‐Aminocarbohydrazide derivative 11 was reacted with aromatic aldehydes, acetylacetone, nitrous acid and CS2 to afford compounds 12–15. Compound 24 was coupled with aryldiazonium chloride to afford arylazo derivatives 25. Also it condensed with aromatic aldehydes to give arylidene derivatives 26. The latter compounds were reacted with malononitrile to give pyrano derivative 27.
Transformation of Amides into Esters by the Use of Chlorotrimethylsilane
Authors: Xue Cuihua , Luo Fen‐Tair 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA mild transformation of various amides and imides into the corresponding esters and diesters in good yields by using chlorotrimethylsilane and alcohols at rt are described. Either primary, secondary, or tertiary amide or imide can be used in this transformation. Primary and secondary alcohols gave better yields than tertiary alcohols.
A New Kinetic‐Photometric Method for Determination of Carbimazole
Authors: Barzegar Mohsen , Rahmani Abdolvahed , Jabbari Ali , Mousavi Mir Fazlollah 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA new kinetic photometric method for determination of carbimazole (CBZ) is described. The proposed method is simple, rapid, inexpensive and sensitive for the determination of CBZ in pure and tablet forms. This method is based on the inhibitory effect of carbimazole on the palladium(II)‐catalyzed reaction between neutral red (NR) and hypophosphite (HP) ions. The effect of various parameters such as dye, hypophosphite, and Pd(II) concentrations, pH, ionic strength, and temperature were optimized. The calibration graph was linear in the range 0.04–0.30 ppm (n = 9, r = 0.9972) and the detection limit was 0.02 ppm. The relative standard deviation of the developed method was 0.70% (n = 10). The proposed method was applied for the determination of carbimazole in pure and tablet forms.
Synthesis of Substituted Indenes from Isovanillin via Claisen Rearrangement and Ring‐Closing Metathesis
Authors: Huang Keng‐Shiang , Wang Eng‐Chi 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA new synthesis of substituted indenes was studied. Based on Claisen rearrangement, Wittig reaction and ring‐closing metathesis (RCM), a series of substituted indenes was synthesized from isovanillin in good yields.