bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Die Trägerdichte von eigenleitendem Silicium/ Carrier Concentration of Intrinsic Silicon
Authors: Wasserrab Th. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Since the measurements of Morin and Maita in 1954 it is customary to consider ni = 1.5·1010 cm-3 at T=300K as a standard value of the carrier concentration for intrinsic silicon. Recent measurements and theoretical examinations show a value of ni≈1.0·1010 cm-3 to be more realistic and of higher precision.
Angular Momentum and Discrete Symmetries in the Spinor Bethe-Salpeter Equation. II
Authors: Bauhoff W. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The classification of states in the fermion-fermion Bethe-Salpeter equation is discussed. They are related to the states in the fermion-antifermion case discussed before. This enables us to obtain restrictions on the interaction in quark models. Some models used in the literature are thereby found to lead to unphysical predictions.
Picosecond Microphotography as a Diagnostic Method for Laser Produced Plasmas
Authors: Ariga S. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
A single picosecond pulse from a mode-locked dye laser was used for time resolved microphotography of the gasdynamic phenomena occurring in a lasertarget interaction experiment. A time resolution of 5 ps and a spatial resolution of better than 10 μm were experimentally obtained. Results are presented for the case of laser irradiation of a thin foil, shock wave propagation in a transparent target, expansion of the hot plasma and blast wave formation in a background gas.
An Analysis of Nonsimilar Problems on Spherical Blast Waves
Authors: Higashino Fumio 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
An approximate analytical method that is valid for the entire propagation regime of a blast wave is established for point explosions. The method is based on an application of the shock ex-pansion method to boundary conditions. The numerical calculations were carried out for spherical flows with constant adiabatic exponent. The results show that the value of the shock decay coefficient gives good agreement with the numerically exact solution by Goldstine and von Neumann. The profiles of the pressure, density, and particle velocity behind the shock were obtained. The solutions show the possible profiles as compared to other existing analyses.
Reorientierung des Drehimpulses von Li2-Molekülen beim Stoß mit Edelgasatomen / Reorientation of the Angular Momentum of Li2-Molecules due to Collisions with Noble Gas Atoms
Authors: Bormann J. , Poppe D. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Laser-induced fluorescence has been used to investigate the reorientation of the molecular angular momentum due to inelastic collisions with atoms. We report on experiments for the Li2 (1IIu)-rare gas system, where the degree of polarisation of the emitted fluorescence has been measured. Within the framework of a classical theory mean angles for reorientation have been derived. Their dependence on the collision partner and the initial and final angular momentum is discussed.
Herstellung wasserstoffdurchlässiger V-, Nb-und Ta-Folien mit Hilfe der UHV-Bedampfungstechnik / Preparation of Hydrogen Permeable Foils of V, Nb and Ta by Means of Ultra High Vacuum Techniques
Authors: Boes N. , Züchner H. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
A new sample preparation method for eliminating the hydrogen impermeable oxide surface layers of base metals like V, Nb and Ta is described.
Applying UHV-techniques the metal foils are heated inductively and subsequently coated with a thin metallic Pd-film. By this method the metals are cleaned, at the same time annealed, and protected successfully against the formation of new passive layers, as is shown by x-rays, SIMS, and AES investigations.
Anwendung elektrochemischer Verfahren zur Untersuchung der Diffusion von Wasserstoff-Isotopen in V, Nb und Ta / Application of Electrochemical Techniques for Studying Diffusion of Hydrogen Isotopes in V, Nb and Ta
Authors: Boes N. , Züchner H. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
After suitable preparation (improvement) of samples H (D) -diffusion coefficients of V-, Nb-, and Ta-foils can be measured reliably at low H (D) -concentrations in the temperature range 0 to 100 °C by means of an electrochemical time-lag method.
A modified strain model indicates that the tetrahedral sites in bcc lattices have to be taken as the stable positions for the dissolved hydrogen. The elementary jump in the diffusion process from one tetrahedral site to the next passes directly through a tetrahedral plane. This model describes qualitatively the experimental results concerning the sequence of the activation energies for hydrogen diffusion in the three Vb-metals [E(Ta)>E(Nb)>E(V)].
A Conductometric Study of the Bi-Hgl2 System
Authors: Šušić M. V. , Mentus S. V. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The electric conductivity of the homogeneous liquid Bi-Hgl2 system was measured in the temperature range 260-540 °C for several Bi mole fractions ranging from 0.00 to 0.38. The specific conductivity-composition isotherms are indicative of the occurrence of electronic conductivity also before reaching a bismuth concentration sufficient for a complete conversion of HgI2 into Hg2I2 · As the temperature rises the share of electronic conductivity in the total conductivity abruptly increases. Comparing the properties of this system with those of the BiI3-Bi system the conclusion is drawn that electronic conductivity in liquids is due to free metal atoms.
Näherungslösung einer verallgemeinerten Nernst-Planck-Gleichung für ein eindimensionales Membranmodell / Approximative Solution of a Generalized Nernst-Planck-equation for a one Dimensional Membran-model
Authors: Schröter J. , Stormberg H.-P. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The starting-point of this paper are generalized Nernst Planck equations, which are deduced microscopically. Using a perturbation approach a result of this equation is given for a constant external field and a membran, which has a low concentration of fixed charges. The used conditions give a zeroth approximation which describes the homogeneous electrolyte. The first approximation shows the influence of the fixed charges, the friction between ions and membran and the influence of the correlations. The flows and the concentrations are then calculated for a system with equal concentrations on both sides of the membran.
Microwave Spectrum of Acetyl Cyanide in the Ground and Excited States. I
Authors: Scappini F. , Dreizler H. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The microwave spectra of acetyl cyanide, CH3COCN, in the ground and in the two lowest excited states have been investigated. The rotational constants and the quadrupole coupling constants have been evaluated for all these states. The internal rotation parameters have been refined with respect to previous works. Evidence for a rotation-torsion -vibration interaction has been found in the spectra of the excited states.
Gitterschwingungsspektren
Authors: Lutz H. D. , Willich P. , Haeuseler H. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Force constants and normal coordinates of MnS2 , FeS2 , RuS2, RuSe2, RuTe2, OsS2 and PtP2 are calculated based on the five ir active vibrations of the pyrite lattice. By setting up a valence force field consisting of short and long range M -X, X2 -X2 and M -M stretching constants it has proved possible to obtain good agreement between experimental and calculated frequencies with expection of FeS2 and RuS2 . The force constants corresponding to the shortest metal chalcogen distances (MnS2: 0.30, RuSe2: 0.88, RuTe2: 0.62, OsS2: 1.32, PtP2: 1.22 mdyn/Å) are mainly responsible for the ir frequencies. For RuSe2 and RuTe2, the forces between adjacent X2 groups are not negligible. Whereas the force constants of OsS2 and PtP2 are of comparable strength, the forces in MnS2 are significantly weaker than those in the other compounds. The normal coordinates of MnS2, OsS2 and PtP2 , and RuSe2 and RuTe2 show significant differences according to both the contribution of the 6 symmetry coordinates to the 5 ir active vibrations and the assignment of the spectra.
Monte-Carlo-Rechnungen und Messungen zur Vielfachstreuung von schweren Ionen in dünnen Folien / Monte Carlo Calculations and Measurements Concerning the Multiple Scattering of Heavy Ions in Thin Films
Authors: Zienert J. , Güttner K. , Münzenberg G. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The behaviour of energetic heavy ions in thin films is simulated by means of a Monte Carlo method taking especially into account the energy loss of the scattered particles. Based on a variably matched screened Coulomb potential the calculations yield the angular and energy distributions of the transmitted ions. The results show a good agreement with the theory of Meyer. Furthermore for keV He ions scattering distributions have been measured in C, Al and Ag, which agree fairly well with the computations, if a suitable fit of the screening parameter is used in the Monte Carlo simulations.
Hard-sphere Results from Experimental Transport Behaviour of Molten Salts and Structural Properties
Authors: Loef J. J. van 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
A single component hard sphere description molten halides and nitrates, applied to self-diffusion and viscosity data, has led to a hard sphere size which for a given cation depends linearly upon the anionic radius. This correlation has been used to predict viscosity coefficients of fused alkali fluorides and to estimate the effective size of the NO3
- -anion in molten nitrates. The Stokes-Einstein relationship between η and D̅ is satisfied, where D̅= (D+ +D-)/2, and this relationship in combination with the observed linear dependence of T½/η] and D̅/T½ on the molar volume can in principle be used as a criterion for data selection.
The Influence of Recombination between Holes and Reduced Redox Ions on the Efficiency of Hole Injection from Electrolytic Contacts into Organic Insulator Crystals
Authors: Willig F. , Scherer G. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The efficiency of hole injection from electrolytic contacts into organic insulator crystals is con-trolled by hole generation and hole destruction at the crystal surface through oxidized and reduced redox ions respectively and by hole escape into the crystal bulk which competes with hole destruction. By increasing the concentration of reduced redox ions from virtually zero in a suitable system the transition has been studied from the one extreme case where all the generated holes contribute to the injection current to the other extreme case where the majority of the generated holes recombines with reduced redox ions before they can escape into the crystal bulk. From the experiments one can deduce that the generated hole spends less than 10-10 s within the reaction distance of its reduced parent redox ion, at external field strengths ≧ 104 V/cm, but returns to the crystal surface during a much longer time, e.g. during about 10-8 s at an external field strength of 105 V/cm, before it can escape finally into the crystal bulk.
Einfluß der Deuterierung auf die Excimerenkinetik des Pyrens
Authors: Heidt Günther 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The effect of deuteration on all six photophysical and kinetic constants of pyrene excimer formation is investigated. The rate constants of monomer and excimer emission and the rate of dissociation of the excimer are not affected by deuteration. The increase of the radiationless deactivation of the monomer (anomalous effect) agrees with the theoretical expectation. The radiationless deactivation of the excimer at various temperatures shows no effect and therefore does not take place via the excimer triplet. The decrease of the excimer formation rate can be explained by the effect of deuteration on the partition function and hence on the entropy.
Mass Dependence of the Vibrational Eigenvector Matrix Elements in XY2 (C2v) Type Molecules
Authors: Ananthakrishnan T. R. , Girijavallabhan C. P. , Joseph K. Babu 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Interesting linear relationships (one for hydrides and another for nonhydrides) are found to exist between a certain parameter c characterising the vibrational eigenvector matrix L and the mass ratio my/mx in the case of bent symmetric XY2 type molecules with small mass coupling.
Torsion-Torsion Interaction in the Microwave Spectrum of Dimethylether
Authors: Lutz H. , Dreizler H. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
We report an analysis of the torsional fine structure of rotational lines of (CH3)2O in excited torsional states leading to the potential parameters V3 and V′12 of a Hamiltonian for the overall-and internal rotation.
Indirect Spin-Spin Coupling Between 17O and Other Quadrupolar Nuclei in Oxyanions
Authors: Lutz O. , Nepple W. , Nolle A. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Fourier transform NMR studies of 17O, 35Cl, 51V, 53Cr, 55Mn and 95Mo are reported for aqueous solutions of the oxyanions ClO4
-, VO4
3-, CrO4
2-, MnO4
-, and MoO4
2-, partly enriched in 17O. The indirect spin-spin coupling constant between 17O and the quadrupolar central nucleus is determined:

A linear dependence of the reduced coupling constants on the atomic number of the central nucleus in the isoelectronic series VO4
3-, CrO4
2- and MnO4
- was found.
Observation of Local Mode Polaritons by Frustrated Total Reflection
Authors: Nitsch W. , Falge H. J. , Claus R. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
It is shown that local modes due to C13 -and N15 -Isotopes in their natural abundances of 1.12% and 0.36% in K3Cu(CN)4 can be observed by the frustrated total reflection technique (FTR) in spite of almost vanishing mode strengths. The observation is made possible by the dispersion of the polariton brandies which reduces the reflectivity in the resonance region.
Optical Correlation with Light of Tunable Wavelength
Authors: Hinsch K. , Marowsky G. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
A novel method is described for compensation of size variations in the input pattern of an optical correlator for pattern recognition by appropriate adjustment of the reconstruction wavelength. Simple ring-shaped patterns of variable diameter have been optically cross-correlated. Using a tunable dye laser of narrow bandwidth, the correlator output was analyzed for various combinations of size and wavelength to show the performance of the method.
Dielectric Behaviour in the MHz range of cis-bis (glycynato)Cu(II) monohydrate and (glycylglycinato)Cu(II) trihydrate in Water
Authors: Sakellaridis P. U. , Karageorgopoulos E. K. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The dielectric properties of Cu(gly)2 and Cu(glygly) in diluted aqueous solution were examined in the MHz range at 273 to 313 K. The complexes exhibit dielectric absorption in the ranges 5.09X107 to 9.34X107 Hz and 4.63X107 to 8.01X107 Hz, respectively, depending on concentration and temperature. This absorption was attributed to rotational relaxation of the unhydrated and monohydrated complexes. The following data for the two complexes in solution at 293 K have been obtained, respectively: dipole moment 19.3 D and 34.0 D, charge separation 2.01 A and 3.54 Å, relaxation time 2.3X10-9 sec and 2.6X10-9 sec, molecular radius 6.36 Å and 6.47 Å, activation energy for the relaxation process 5.6 kcal mole-1 for both complexes.
Dynamical Dielectric Instability of the Ferroelectric AgNa(NO2)2
Authors: Grossmann J. , Müller D. , Petersson J. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The characteristic ferroelectric dispersion of the complex dielectric constant of AgNa(NO2)2 is measured in a wide temperature range enclosing the transition point. It can be well described by a Debye monodispersive process except for a small temperature intervall around Tc . The relaxation strength obeys a Curie-Weiss law in the paraelectric phase, whereas in the ferroelectric phase there are deviations from this behaviour. A first order phase transition is observed which is close to a second order one. The maximum value of the dielectric constant at Tc is 104.
Monte-Carlo Simulation of Nitrogen
Authors: Romano S. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The subject of the present paper is computer simulation of a-solid and liquid nitrogen, using a Lennard-Jones atom-atom potential and the isothermal-isobaric Monte-Carlo method. Two sets of calculations were performed, both at the same pressure (1 atm) and temperatures (a-solid at 25 and 35.6 K, liquid at 63.15 and 77.35 K). In the first set the molecules are assumed to be rigid, whereas in the second they are allowed to vibrate; the molecular vibration is treated classically and as-sumed to be harmonic. Comparison are mode between the two models and with experiment.
The Other Rotamer of Formic Acid, cis-HCOOH1
Authors: Hocking William H. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The rotational spectrum of the planar cis rotamer of formic acid, cis-HCOOH, has been detected for the first time. Twenty transitions belonging to the qRK,
qQ1, qQ2 , rP0 , rP1,
rP2 branches of the parent isotopic species in its ground state have been assigned and measured. The rotational constants and quartic centrifugal distortion constants have been determined using Watson's reduced Hamiltonian. Stark effect measurements have yielded the molecular electric dipole moment: μa= 2.65(1) D, μb = 2.71(1) D and , μ= 3.79(1) D. The energy difference between the ground vibrational states of cis-and trans-HCOOH has been determined by microwave relative intensity measurements. The cis rotamer is found to lie at higher energy than the trans rotamer by 1365 ± 30 cm-1 . A one dimensional potential energy curve has been calculated for the OH torsional vibration of formic acid.
The Problem of Radiation Reaction in Classical Electrodynamics
Authors: Sorg M. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
A new covariant theory of the classical radiating electron is compared with other radiation reaction theories: On the one hand, the new theory can be deduced from Caldirola's finite-dif-ferences theory by suitable approximations; on the other hand, the Lorentz-Dirac theory and the theory of Mo and Papas are shown to be approximative forms of the new theory. The latter is free from the difficulties of the other theories: there are no undetermined internal oscillations, no runaway solutions and pre-acceleration effects, and radiation reaction exists in the case of one-dimensional motion. The general energy-momentum balance is studied, and the implications of the existence of radiation reaction in a static constant force field are discussed with regard to the principle of equivalence.
Electromagnetic Foundation of the Mo-Papas Theory
Authors: Sorg M. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Dirac's method for deriving an equation of motion of the radiating electron is used to deduce from Maxwell's theory the Mo-Papas equation in place of the Lorentz-Dirac equation. The emergence of the Schott term is avoided by means of a suitable assumption about the extension of the electron in space-time. Since one deals in this approach with a finite-size particle, no infinite terms arise in connection with the particle's mass. Moreover, asymptotic conditions are not necessary, neither in the derivation of the equation of motion nor in determining its solutions.
Ermittlung der Dissoziationsenergie von AlO über die Normtemperaturmethode
Authors: Frank P. , Krauss L. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
An Al vapour cloud (~1 μg) is generated between Al electrodes of a 10 kV transient spark (1 μs duration) in an environmental atmosphere of pure oxygen. During the cooling-down period of the so formed Al/O-plasma, the reaction Al + O + M -> AlO + M is observed. It can be shown that the conditions within the limited reacting gas volume may be considered as quasi-stationary and hence the laws of chemical equilibrium for computing number densities of atoms and molecules may be applied. The emissivity εrel (radiation per unit volume) of the AlO B2 Σ → 2Σ system at 4842 Å and the gas temperature of the decaying plasma are recorded in terms of a laboratory time scale. The maximum of εrel (normalized maximum) may be correlated to the dissociation energy of AlO, yielding 5.17 ±0.3 eV. Effects of dilution, the pressure influence as well as the vibrational relaxation of AlO during its formation are considered and included in the calculations.
Vibrational Energy Transfer in Silane and Silane Mixtures
Authors: Janiesch Willi , Ulrich Helmut , Hess Peter 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The vibrational relaxation time for pure SiH4 is 0.10, 0.083 and 0.072 μsec atm (±30%) at 295 K, 375 K and 462 K. For SiH4 diluted in He, D2 and H2 the corresponding numbers are 0.16, 0.081 and 0.031 μsec atm (± 30%) at 295 K. The binary two-level theory has been used to deter-mine the four V -R, T rates in the system SiH4 -CH4, and the rate for V-V exchange between SiH4 and CH4 from experimental data. From the Schwartz-Slawsky-Herzfeld-formula for V -T and V -V, T processes an equation is derived describing V -R and V -V, R energy exchange. The different models are compared with experimental data, especially with those found for the system SiH4 -CH4.
Meaningless Questions in Cosmology and Relativistic Astrophysics
Authors: Heller M. , Reinhardt M. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
After a general classification of meaningless questions in science we concentrate on empirically meaningless questions. Introducing the concepts of informationally connected, semiconnected and disconnected observers, a formalism for the analysis of the informational structure of space-time is developed. We discuss some problems of epistemological nature in cosmology and blade hole physics. A number of questions like "What was 'before' the initial singularity of the universe?" or "What is the fate of matter in gravitational collapse inside the event horizon?" turn out to be empirically meaningless. We also show that a "wormhole" does not violate causality for the set of informationally connected observers who do not enter it.
Equilibrium and Stability of a Three-Dimensional Toroidal MHD Configuration Near its Magnetic Axis
Authors: Lortz D. , Nührenberg J. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The expansion of a three-dimensional toroidal magnetohydrostatic equilibrium around its magnetic axis is reconsidered. Equilibrium and stability plasma-β estimates are obtained in connection with a discussion of stagnation points occurring in the third-order flux surfaces. The stability criteria entering the β-estimates are: (i) a necessary criterion for localized disturbances, (ii) a new sufficient criterion for configurations without longitudinal current. Hamada coordinates are used to evaluate these criteria.
Schlieren Measurements of a High Density Z-Pinch
Authors: Finken K. H. , Bertschinger G. , Hornady R. S. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The dense plasma phase of a dynamic z-pinch working at a high filling pressure is studied. By using the Schlieren-technique it is found that the compressed plasma column, though macroscopically stable for times less than 1 μs develops quickly from a homogeneous state to a turbulent one with a perturbation scale length of typically some millimeters. Quantitative measurements of light deflection give electron densities of typically 1019 cm-3 at 0.25 Torr He filling.
Chemisorption on a Model Transition Metal
Authors: Masuda Kin-ichi 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The effect of chemisorption on the (100) surface of a model transition metal is investigated using Green's functions coupled with the phase shift technique. A change in the electronic density of states (DOS) is obtained for two different binding sites, the on-site and the bridge-site; strong steric-effects are present. The importance of the substrate DOS for chemisorption is pointed out.
Wasserstoffbrückenbindungen im 7-Azaindol und im 1-Azacarbazol / Hydrogen Bonding in 7-Azaindole and 1-Azacarbazole
Authors: Stäglich P. , Zander M. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Hydrogen Bonding in 7-Azaindole and 1-Azacarbazole Infrared spectra of 7-azaindole, 1-azacarbazole, and their N-deuterated species have been measured in the solid state and in solution. Complicated band splitting observed in the region of 3000 cm-1 is explained by interaction of the N-H stretching vibrations of the cyclic dimers with different overtone and combination vibrations due to Fermi resonance.