bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dental lesions: Diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Phelan JA 
Published: June 2013

Oral health care has been an integral part of the care of patients with HIV infection and AIDS since the disease was first identified in the early eighties. The spectrum of HIV‐associated opportunistic diseases occurring in the oral cavity propelled dental health care providers to the forefront of patient care. Infection control issues soon became important in oral health care for patients infected with HIV, and for the first decade these two issues overshadowed the concerns about appropriate management of the dental needs of HIV‐infected patients.Several concerns need to be considered in the management of dental care for patients infected with HIV. These include decreased salivary flow and increased sugar intake, prevention and management of routine inflammatory gingival and periodontal disease as well as the atypical forms of gingival and periodontal disease associated with HIV infection (linear gingival erythema [LGE], necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis [NUG] and necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis [NUP]). Finally, although reports of complications secondary to dental treatment of HIV‐infected individuals are rare, it is important to consider those factors related to the medical status of HIV‐infected patients which may interfere with oral health care These include potential bleeding problems related to thrombocytopenia and disease or medication related liver abnormalities, increased risk of local infection particularly in patients with severe neutropenia and adverse effects of multiple medications taken by HIV patients.Prevention and management of dental and periodontal disease in HIV‐infected individuals is important to self esteem, quality of life and maintenance of adequate nutritional intake. Oral health care continues to be an important component of overall health care for HIV‐infected patients.
Oral lesions in a group of Thai people with AIDS
Authors: Nittayananta W , Chungpanich S 
Published: June 2013

OBJECTIVES: The objectives of the study were to assess the prevalence of oral lesions present in Thai people with AIDS and to determine whether gender influences the occurrence of oral lesions.SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Extra‐ and intra‐oral examinations were performed on 124 AIDS patients (90 men, aged 19–62 years, median 30 years; and 34 women, aged 19–41 years, median 28 years).RESULTS: Oral lesions were found in 102 patients (82%). Pseudomembranous candidiasis was the most common lesions, (n = 67; 54%) followed by erythematous candidiasis (n = 31; 25%), and hairy leukoplakia (n=16; 13%). Other lesions were atypical ulcers (n = 14; 11%), periodontal disease (n = 9; 7%), angular cheilitis (n = 8; 6%), and infection with herpes simplex virus (n = 6; 5%). Non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma was the only detected neoplasm (n = 5; 4%). Other lesions caused by fungi were histoplasmosis (n = 5; 4%) and penicilliosis (n = 2; 2%). Xerostomia was also found to be a common condition (n = 79; 63%). Most patients had a total number of lymphocytes of less than 1000 cell mm−3 (n = 85; 68%).CONCLUSIONS: The types of oral lesions observed in AIDS patients in Thailand show some similarities with studies from other countries. The prevalence of oral lesions did not appear to be influenced by gender.
Olmesartan/Amlodipine/Hydrochlorothiazide in Obese Participants With Hypertension: A TRINITY Subanalysis
Authors: Roth Eli M. , Oparil Suzanne , Melino Michael , Lee James , Fernandez Victor , Heyrman Reinilde 
Published: June 2013

The objective of this prespecified TRINITY study subgroup analysis was to assess the efficacy and safety of triple‐combination treatment with olmesartan medoxomil (OM) 40 mg, amlodipine besylate (AML) 10 mg, and hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) 25 mg vs the component dual‐combination treatments in obese (body mass index [BMI] ≥30 kg/m2) and nonobese (BMI <30 kg/m2) hypertensive participants. The double‐blind treatment period primary end point was the least‐squares (LS) mean reduction in seated diastolic BP (SeDBP) at week 12 (end of the double‐blind period). Of the 2492 randomized participants, 1555 (62.4%) had BMI ≥30 kg/m2. Irrespective of BMI, triple‐combination treatment resulted in greater LS mean reductions in seated BP (SeBP) (≥30 kg/m2, 6.7–10.5/4.5–7.3 mm Hg; <30 kg/m2, 5.1–8.6/2.5–6.0 mm Hg [P<.005] vs dual‐combination treatments for both subgroups) at week 12. Furthermore, triple‐combination treatment enabled a greater proportion of participants to reach BP goal vs the dual‐combination treatments (≥30 kg/m2, 62% vs 31%–46% [P<.0001]; <30 kg/m2, 69% vs 41%–55% [P<.005]) at week 12. SeBP reduction and goal attainment (≥30 kg/m2, 63%; <30 kg/m2, 67%) was maintained through week 52/early termination. Triple‐combination treatment was well tolerated in both BMI subgroups.
Research Review: The role of cytokines in depression in adolescents: a systematic review
Authors: Mills Natalie T. , Scott James G. , Wray Naomi R. , Cohen‐Woods Sarah , Baune Bernhard T. 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundWhile cytokines have been implicated in the pathophysiology of depression in adults, the potential role in younger age groups such as adolescents is less clear. This article therefore reviews the literature (a) to explore the relationship between cytokines and depression in adolescents, and (b) to examine how cytokines may be related to adolescent depression in the context of other neurobiological theories of depression.MethodA systematic review of the scientific literature on the subject was conducted in February 2013, searching the Web of Knowledge, PubMed (Medline), PsycInfo and Cochrane electronic databases.ResultsEighteen studies were identified measuring both depression or depressive symptoms and cytokines or immune markers in adolescents. Adolescents with depression show age‐specific characteristics of the immune and inflammatory system, specifically in NK cell activity and in pro‐inflammatory cytokines (such as IL‐1β and TNF‐α). In addition, the role of cytokines in adolescent depression is influenced by neurodevelopment, hormonal changes, stress and trauma.ConclusionsThere may be differences in the neurobiology of adolescent major depressive disorder (MDD) compared with adult MDD. Increased understanding of the role of cytokines in adolescent MDD may lead to improved outcomes in the treatment of adolescent depression.
Acne treatment in the field: how guidelines and other sources can be included in daily practice
Authors: Rzany Berthold , Nast Alexander 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundAcne is a complex disease ranging from mild to very severe. Quality of life can be considerably affected although the impact on the quality of life does not necessarily correlate with the severity of the disease.AimTo show how good external evidence can be used in individual treatment decisions.MethodsDescription of four typical case secenarios usining the recommendation of the recent evidence based guidelines and other sources.ResultsThe four quite typical patients presented here (i) a young boy with comedonal acne; (ii) a young black girl with papulopustular acne; (iii) an older boy with conglobate acne; and (iv) a young women with postadolescent papulopustular acne give a range of the possible challenges a dermatologist may face.ConclusionHow can the best treatment be selected for our patients? By keeping a clear mind, using the available best evidence and taking of course into account individual factors.
A double‐blind, randomized, vehicle‐controlled efficacy assessment study of a skin care formulation for improvement of mild to moderately severe acne
Authors: Angelova‐Fischer I. , Rippke F. , Fischer T.W. , Neufang G. , Zillikens D. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundInflammation, increased sebum production and P. acnes colonization are key factors in acne pathogenesis. Cosmetic formulations based on a combination of active compounds with in vitro proven anti‐inflammatory, sebum regulating and P. acnes reducing properties may therefore contribute to improve the clinical signs and associated burden of disease.ObjectiveTo provide in vivo proof‐of‐concept, we performed a 9‐week, double‐blind, randomized, vehicle‐controlled study to assess the stand‐alone efficacy of a skin care formulation containing licochalcone A, l‐carnitine and 1,2‐decanediol in volunteers with mild to moderately severe acne (10–25 inflammatory lesions) involving the face.Materials and methodsAfter enrolment followed by a 1‐week standardization of the cleansing procedure, 60 volunteers aged 14–40 years (40 women and 20 men, mean age 22.4 years) were randomized into two groups of 30 volunteers each, to apply either the active formulation or the vehicle twice daily on the face for 8 weeks. Reduction in the lesion count, P. acnes and sebum levels, stratum corneum hydration, Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) and skin tolerability, assessed after 4 and 8 weeks were defined as outcomes.ResultsCompared to baseline, the active formulation group showed at the end of the study a reduction in the mean total lesions count and papular lesions, significant reduction in the pustules (P < 0.05) and sebum levels (P < 0.01), marked reduction in P. acnes and improvement of DLQI. No significant changes in the respective parameters were found in the vehicle group. At the end of the study, greater reduction in the total lesion count, papules and pustules, P. acnes colonization, sebum production and more pronounced improvement of life quality in the active formulation group compared to the vehicle were found.ConclusionsOur results provide evidence for improved outcomes in result of the application of the active formulation compared to the vehicle from both physician's and patient's perspective.
Differential roles of serum hepatitis B virus DNA and hepatitis B surface antigen level in predicting virological breakthrough in patients receiving lamivudine therapy
Authors: Su Chien‐Wei , Wu Chun‐Ying , Hung Hung‐Hsu , Wu Chu‐Hui , Sheen I‐Jane , Wu Jaw‐Ching 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackground and AimThe role of serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) level in determining virological breakthrough (VB) for patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection receiving lamivudine remains unclear. The study aimed to evaluate the impact of serum HBsAg levels on VB among patients receiving lamivudine therapy, especially in a setting of low HBV viral load.MethodsTwo hundred sixty‐eight consecutive treatment‐naïve patients who underwent lamivudine therapy for chronic hepatitis B were enrolled. Factors in terms of VB were analyzed by multivariate analysis.ResultsAfter a median treatment duration of 67.1 weeks, 102 patients had VB. Multivariate analysis showed that positive hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) (hazard ratio 2.165, P = 0.026) and HBV DNA levels ≥ 2000 IU/mL after 6 months of lamivudine therapy (hazard ratio 5.236, P = 0.001) were independent risk factors predicting VB. The cumulative VB rates stratified by HBeAg‐positive and ‐negative at 3 years were 44.7% and 26.3%, respectively. At 3 years, the cumulative VB rates stratified by the HBV DNA < 2000 and ≥ 2000 IU/mL after 6 months of therapy were 25.5% and 79.4%, respectively. For HBeAg‐positive patients with serum HBV DNA < 2000 IU/mL after 6 months of therapy, baseline HBsAg levels ≥ 20 000 IU/mL was the only risk factor associated with VB.ConclusionsFor chronic hepatitis B patients treated with lamivudine, serum HBV DNA level > 2000 IU/mL after 6 months of therapy could predict subsequent VB. In patients with lower on‐treatment viral load, baseline serum HBsAg level is associated with the emergence of VB, especially for those with serum positive HBeAg.
Association of MDM2 T309G and p53 Arg72Pro polymorphisms and gastroesophageal reflux disease with survival in esophageal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Renouf Daniel J , Zhai Rihong , Sun Bin , Xu Wei , Cheung Winson Y , Heist Rebecca S , Kulke Matthew H , Cescon David , Asomaning Kofi , Marshall Ariella L , Li Su , Christiani David C , Liu Geoffrey 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackground and AimAlthough gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a risk factor for esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), some patients develop EAC in the absence of GERD. A putative mechanism of reflux‐induced tumorigenesis involves disruptions in the p53 pathway. We assessed the interaction of GERD and p53 pathway polymorphisms on EAC prognosis.MethodsIn a prospective cohort of 358 EAC patients, clinical data (including GERD history and survival) were collected. Germline DNA was genotyped for MDM2 T309G and p53 Arg72Pro. Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine adjusted hazard ratios (AHR) for associations between genotype, GERD, and genotype‐GERD interactions with survival.ResultsCompared with other genotypes, MDM2 G/G (median overall survival 21 vs 30 months; P < 0.001) and p53 Pro/Pro (12 vs 30 months; P = 0.004) were associated with shorter survival. When analyzed by GERD, MDM2 G/G was associated with shorter survival in patients without GERD (AHR 3.4, 95% CI 2.0–6.0), but not in patients with GERD (AHR 1.1 [0.7–1.8]); the MDM2‐GERD interaction was significant (P = 0.003). A similar trend was seen for p53 Pro/Pro (AHRs 2.5 without GERD vs 1.4 with GERD). Combined analysis of at‐risk variants (MDM2 G or p53 Pro), revealed each additional at‐risk variant was associated with shorter survival in patients without GERD (AHR 1.6) but not with GERD (AHR 1.0).ConclusionsMDM2 G/G and the combination of MDM2 G and p53 Pro were negative prognostic factors for EAC patients without GERD but not for those with GERD. There may be biological differences between GERD positive and GERD negative EAC.
Application of design‐based stereology for estimation of absolute volume and surface area of the articular and calcified cartilage compartments of undecalcified human femoral heads
Authors: HARTLEV L.B. , NYENGAARD J.R. , THOMSEN J.S. , BOEL L.W.T. , STENGAARD‐PEDERSEN K. , HAUGE E.‐M. 
Published: June 2013

SummaryDesign‐based stereological methods using systematic uniform random sampling, the Cavalieri estimator and vertical sections are used to investigate undecalcified human femoral heads. Ten entire human femoral heads, obtained from normal women and normal men, were systematically sampled and thin undecalcified vertical sections were obtained. Absolute volumes and surface areas of the entire femoral head, the articular cartilage and the calcified cartilage compartments were estimated. In addition, the average thickness of the articular cartilage and the calcified cartilage were calculated. The stereological procedures applied to the human femoral heads resulted in average coefficient of errors, which were 0.03–0.06 for the volume estimates and 0.03–0.04 for the surface area estimates. We conclude that design‐based stereology using the Cavalieri estimator and vertical sections can successfully be used in large undecalcified tissue specimens, like the human femoral head, to estimate the absolute volume and surface area of macroscopic as well as of microscopic tissue compartments. The application of well‐known design‐based stereological methods carries potential advantage for investigating the pathology in inflammatory and degenerative joint diseases.
Correlative light and electron microscopy for the analysis of cell division
Authors: REDEMANN STEFANIE , MÜLLER‐REICHERT THOMAS 
Published: June 2013

SummaryCorrelative light and electron microscopy (CLEM) has recently gained increasing attention, because it enables the acquisition of dynamic as well as ultrastructural information about subcellular processes. It is the power of combining the two imaging modalities that gives additional information as compared to using the imaging techniques separately. Here, we briefly summarize two CLEM approaches for the analysis of cells in mitosis and cytokinesis.
Fatigue Behavior of Zirconia‐Ceramic, Galvano‐Ceramic, and Porcelain‐Fused‐to‐Metal Fixed Partial Dentures
Authors: Eroğlu Zekiye , Gurbulak Aysegul G. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractPurposeThis study evaluated the fatigue behavior of three fixed partial dentures (FPDs) before and after artificial fatigue testing.Materials and MethodsSixty, three‐unit zirconia‐ceramic (ZC), galvano‐ceramic (GC), and porcelain‐fused‐to‐metal (PFM) FPDs (N = 20) were fabricated. Ten specimens from each group were exposed to fatigue testing by being thermocycled (5 to 55°C, 10,000 cycles) and loaded (100,000 cycles, 50 N, 0.5 Hz). All specimens were then subjected to occlusal loading in a universal testing machine until fracture. The fractures were characterized using scanning electron microscopy. Data were analyzed using one‐way ANOVA followed by Tukey's significant difference post hoc test and the paired t‐test. The chi‐squared test was used to evaluate the type of fracture (α = 0.05).ResultsThe mean fracture loads of non‐fatigued and fatigued specimens for ZC were 2434.9 ± 154.3 and 2333.1 ± 183.0 N, respectively; for GC were 1678.1 ± 211.6 and 1475.8 ± 227.9 N, respectively; and 1878.5 ± 176.5 and 1687.8 ± 162.2 N, respectively, for PFM restorations. Significant differences were observed between fatigued and non‐fatigued specimens of both the GC group and PFM group (p < 0.05), but not between fatigued and non‐fatigued ZC specimens (p > 0.05). Differences between the PFM and GC specimens were not statistically significant for fatigued or non‐fatigued specimens (p > 0.05). Fracture types did not differ significantly among groups.ConclusionsZC specimens were not significantly affected by fatigue, whereas GC and PFM specimens were affected. All tested restorations have the potential to withstand occlusal forces applied in the posterior region.
Anti‐HBV effect of individual traditional Chinese herbal medicine in vitro and in vivo: an analytic review
Authors: Chen Y. , Zhu J. 
Published: June 2013

SummaryTraditional Chinese herbal medicine (TCHM) has been widely used in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in China. The systematic analysis of clinical research of TCHM against CHB revealed its potential but not confirmed its therapeutic effect. To understand the detailed antiviral effect of TCHM against HBV infection, we systematically analysed the anti‐HBV effect of individual Chinese herbs on the basis of the research on individual TCHM in vitro and in vivo, which were published from 1995 to 2012. Among 171 herbal components isolated from 76 Chinese herbs, we found 13 compounds and 9 extracts isolated from 18 Chinese herbs showing strong inhibitory effect on HBV DNA, HBeAg or HBsAg release with low cytotoxicity in HepG2.2.15 cells, and agents from 12 Chinese herbs showing the highest inhibition rates of plasma DHBV DNA of more than 50% in DHBV‐infected ducks. In addition, the two compounds chrysophanol 8‐O‐beta‐D‐glucoside isolated from Rheum palmatum and wogonin isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis were found to display strong anti‐HBV activity. Interestingly, compounds isolated from 5 of these effective anti‐HBV Chinese herbs were found to show strong antibacterial or antifungal activity also. This review summarizes and analyses the studies on the anti‐HBV effect of individual TCHM in cell and animal models, providing potential perspective in the understanding of TCHM in the treatment of hepatitis B and the development of new anti‐HBV drugs from TCHM.
Human leucocyte antigen alleles and haplotypes and their associations with antinuclear antibodies features in Chinese patients with primary biliary cirrhosis
Authors: Zhao Dan‐Tong , Liao Hui‐Yu , Zhang Xin , Liu Yan‐Min , Zhao Yan , Zhang Hai‐Ping , Sun Li‐Mei , Ma Yin‐Xue , Yan Hui‐Ping 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackground & AimsPrimary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is an autoimmune liver disease. Genetic factors are critical in determining susceptibility to PBC. Among human leuocyte antigen (HLA) genes, an association between the DRB1*08 allele and PBC has been reported in many populations, but not in Chinese patients.MethodsWe investigated HLA‐A, B, DRB1, and DQB1 alleles and haplotypes in 145 PBC patients and 500 healthy subjects. Patients were also stratified according to autoantibody features, and associations between these and HLA alleles were analyzed.ResultsSignificant associations existed between HLA‐DRB1*08:03 (22.1% vs. 9.0%, Pc < 0.0001, OR = 2.86), DQ2 (41.4% vs. 25.4%, Pc < 0.0001, OR = 2.07) and DQB1*06:01 (31.0% vs. 17.8%, Pc = 0.014, OR = 2.08) alleles and PBC. DRB1*08:03‐DQB1*06:01 (22.1% vs. 8.2%, P < 0.0001, OR = 3.17) and DRB1*07:01‐DQB1*02:02 haplotypes (28.3% vs. 17.6%, P = 0.005, OR = 1.85) were also associated with PBC susceptibility. In contrast, the DQB1*03:01 allele (21.4% vs. 39.2%, Pc < 0.0001, OR = 0.42) and DRB1*12:02‐DQB1*03:01 haplotype (6.9% vs. 14.6%, P = 0.015, OR = 0.43) were significantly decreased in PBC patients compared with controls. DRB1*14:54 and DQ5(1) protected against antinuclear antibody (ANA) (OR = 0.25) and anti‐gp210 antibody (OR = 0.39) production, respectively, while HLA‐B*44:03 predisposed patients to anti‐gp210 antibody (OR = 5.70) production.ConclusionThese results suggest that Chinese patients with PBC have a distinct genetic background in eastern Asia, and we confirmed the role of HLA genes in determining PBC susceptibility and autoantibody features in the Chinese population.
Phylogeny and assemblage composition of Frankia in Alnus tenuifolia nodules across a primary successional sere in interior Alaska
Authors: Anderson M. D. , Taylor D. L. , Ruess R. W. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIn nitrogen (N) fixing symbioses, host‐symbiont specificity, genetic variation in bacterial symbionts and environmental variation represent fundamental constraints on the ecology, evolution and practical uses of these interactions, but detailed information is lacking for many naturally occurring N‐fixers. This study examined phylogenetic host specificity of Frankia in field‐collected nodules of two Alnus species (A. tenuifolia and A. viridis) in interior Alaska and, for A. tenuifolia, distribution, diversity, spatial autocorrelation and correlation with specific soil factors of Frankia genotypes in nodules collected from replicated habitats representing endpoints of a primary sere. Frankia genotypes most commonly associated with each host belonged to different clades within the Alnus‐infective Frankia clade, and for A. tenuifolia, were divergent from previously described Frankia. A. tenuifolia nodules from early and late succession habitats harboured distinct Frankia assemblages. In early succession, a single genotype inhabited 71% of nodules with no discernable autocorrelation at any scale, while late succession Frankia were more diverse, differed widely among plants within a site and were significantly autocorrelated within and among plants. Early succession Frankia genotype occurrence was strongly correlated with carbon/nitrogen ratio in the mineral soil fraction, while in late succession, the most common genotypes were correlated with different soil variables. Our results suggest that phylogenetic specificity is a significant factor in the A. tenuifolia‐Frankia interaction and that significant habitat‐based differentiation may exist among A. tenuifolia‐infective genotypes. This is consistent with our hypothesis that A. tenuifolia selects specific Frankia genotypes from early succession soils and that this choice is attenuated in late succession.