bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of final irrigation protocols on push‐out bond strength of an epoxy resin root canal sealer to dentin
Authors: Leal Fernanda , Simão Renata Antoun , Fidel Sandra Rivera , Fidel Rivail Antônio Sérgio , do Prado Maíra 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of different final irrigation protocols on push‐out bond strength of an epoxy resin root canal sealer to dentin. Eighty single‐rooted anterior teeth were used. The root canals were partially prepared using a rotary system and the final diameter was standardised using a #5 Gates‐Glidden drill prior to the push‐out bond test. During chemomechanical preparation, 5.25% NaOCl or 2% CHX gel was used. For smear layer removal, 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) or QMix 2 in 1 was applied for 3 min. As final irrigant, 1 mL of NaOCl, CHX solution or distilled water was used. On conclusion of preparation, canals were filled with gutta‐percha/AH Plus sealer. Bond strength was measured by the push‐out test. Data were statistically analysed by Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U‐tests. The group NaOCl/EDTA/NaOCl showed significantly higher bond strength values than other groups. In all groups, there were mainly mixed failure patterns. It can be concluded that 5.25% NaOCl proved to be the best solution for the final irrigation when combined with EDTA. The final irrigation protocols affect the push‐out bond strength of AH Plus to dentin.
Correlates of major depressive disorder with and without comorbid alcohol use disorder nationally in the veterans health administration
Authors: Yoon Gihyun , Petrakis Ismene L. , Rosenheck Robert A. 
Published: May 2015

Background and ObjectivesThis study assesses medical and psychiatric comorbidities, service utilization, and psychotropic medication prescriptions in veterans with comorbid major depressive disorder (MDD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) relative to veterans with MDD alone.MethodsUsing cross‐sectional administrative data (fiscal year [FY]2012: October 1, 2011–September 30, 2012) from the Veterans Health Administration (VHA), we identified veterans with a diagnosis of current (12‐month) MDD nationally (N = 309,374), 18.8% of whom were also diagnosed with current (12‐month) AUD. Veterans with both MDD and AUD were compared to those with MDD alone on sociodemographic characteristics, current (12‐month) medical and psychiatric disorders, service utilization, and psychotropic prescriptions. We then used logistic regression analyses to calculate odds ratio and 95% confidence interval of characteristics that were independently different between the groups.ResultsDually diagnosed veterans with MDD and AUD, relative to veterans with MDD alone, had a greater number of comorbid health conditions, such as liver disease, drug use disorders, and bipolar disorder as well as greater likelihood of homelessness and higher service utilization.Conclusions and Scientific SignificanceDually diagnosed veterans with MDD and AUD had more frequent medical and psychiatric comorbidities and more frequently had been homeless. These data suggest the importance of assessing the presence of comorbid medical/psychiatric disorders and potential homelessness in order to provide appropriately comprehensive treatment to dually diagnosed veterans with MDD and AUD and indicate a need to develop more effective treatments for combined disorders. (Am J Addict 2015;24:419 –426)
Investor Information Processing and Trading Volume
Authors: Ferguson Nicky J. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractExamining the impact on New York Stock Exchange trading volume using a sample of global cross‐listed firms and distinct information sources from the United States and primary market countries, I show that investor utilization of information varies significantly with language, distance‐to‐source and visibility. Specifically, for firms with greater information processing frictions, such as those in non‐English speaking countries located a greater distance from the trading venue and with higher information asymmetries, investors rely on news from the firms' home market when making their trading decisions rather than United States news, whereas those with fewer information processing frictions utilize both sources of news.
High IgE levels to α‐lactalbumin, β‐lactoglobulin and casein predict less successful cow's milk oral immunotherapy
Authors: Kuitunen M. , Englund H. , Remes S. , Movérare R. , Pelkonen A. , Borres M. P. , Mäkelä M. J. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBackgroundA new treatment option for persistent cow's milk allergy (CMA) is oral immunotherapy (OIT). Not all patients develop tolerance during therapy, and markers to identify those who will benefit from it are needed. The objective was to study the IgE and IgG4 antibody profiles to milk and milk proteins before and after OIT in relation to clinical outcome.MethodsSeventy‐six children (5–17 years) with challenge‐verified CMA were subjected to a 6‐month OIT protocol. The treatment aimed at reaching a maintenance dose of 200 ml CM (high dose = HD). Those who did not reach target were analysed as a low‐dose (LD) group. Sera were characterized before and after OIT regarding serum levels of IgE and IgG4 to milk and five milk allergen components evaluated together with clinical CMA symptoms and outcome of OIT.ResultsFifty‐five (72%) patients reached the maintenance dose (HD) during therapy. High specific IgE levels towards the milk allergens α‐lactalbumin (P = 0.048), β‐lactoglobulin (P = 0.006) and casein (P = 0.015) before OIT start were associated with lower maintenance dose reached. Patients who developed desensitization had a larger increase in IgG4 levels to α‐lactalbumin (P = 0.034), β‐lactoglobulin (P = 0.010), casein (P = 0.047) and lactoferrin (P = 0.030) during treatment than those who failed.ConclusionsComponent‐resolved diagnostics before OIT can help to identify children with lower probability of a successful OIT outcome, as high IgE levels to α‐lactalbumin, β‐lactoglobulin and casein are associated with lower maintenance dose reached. An increase in the IgG4 concentration to milk components during treatment indicated effective desensitization.
Up to 400‐year‐old Rhododendron shrubs on the southeastern Tibetan Plateau: prospects for shrub‐based dendrochronology
Authors: Lu Xiaoming , Camarero J. Julio , Wang Yafeng , Liang Eryuan , Eckstein Dieter 
Published: May 2015

In harsh and treeless environments, shrubs constitute the dominant growth form of woody plants, thus offering the opportunity to extend dendrochronological networks beyond the uppermost and northernmost distribution limits of trees. However, shrub‐based dendrochronology has so far resulted in only a few long and climate‐responsive ring‐width chronologies at such stressful sites, particularly above the alpine tree line. A previous study on an alpine Rhododendron shrub species resulted in <80‐year‐long ring‐width chronologies. Here, we collected Rhododendron aganniphum var. schizopeplum stems from elevations between 4000 and 4500 m a.s.l. on the SE Tibetan Plateau and built six tree‐ring width chronologies. One of them is 401 years long and well replicated from AD 1670 to 2011 (EPS>0.85), thus representing the longest shrub chronology available to date. A principal component analysis (PCA) converted the total variability of all six site chronologies into PCs. Then, the six site chronologies and the PC1, accounting for 65.9% of the total variance of the tree‐ring width, were correlated with time series of monthly climate data. Based on this, the year‐to‐year variability of the ring‐width indices was positively correlated with July temperature, which thus turned out to be the dominant factor controlling growth. Accordingly, such long shrub‐ring chronologies may act as climatic and ecological proxies in treeless environments of the Tibetan Plateau.
The Pleistocene palaeoenvironment and stratigraphy of Flatey island (northern Iceland): a preliminary assessment based on palynomorphs
Authors: Verhoeven Koen , Louwye Stephen 
Published: May 2015

For the first time, palynological data (pollen, spores and dinoflagellate cysts) from Pleistocene outcrop and core deposits from Flatey, off northern Iceland, are presented. The study provides a reconnaissance stratigraphical assessment of the deposits, the correlation between the Pleistocene of Flatey and the well‐known Tjörnes section on the mainland, and the reconstruction of the Pleistocene palaeoenvironment. The preservation of the assemblages is poor to moderate, whereas the diversity and richness are moderate to high. The pollen and spores indicate vegetation composed mainly of sedges and heath, comparable to the vegetation in the Tjörnes area during deposition of the Pleistocene Breidavík Group. Analysis of dinoflagellate cyst assemblages from an outcrop sample allowed their assignment to the Lower Pleistocene dinoflagellate cyst zone DAZ5, previously defined in the Tjörnes section. A core sample yielded a dinoflagellate cyst assemblage unknown from the Tjörnes area. The dinoflagellate cyst data combined with the palaeomagnetic record, the radiometric dating of lavas, and the position of the diamictites and tuff layers allowed refinement of the previously proposed stratigraphical correlations between the Tjörnes area and the Flatey core. The deposition of the sequence from the Flatey core took place during the Matuyama, i.e. between 2.59 and 0.78 Ma, and several hiatuses are postulated. The Lower Pleistocene dinoflagellate cyst assemblages from the outcrop sample bear similarities to those recovered from fully marine subsurface samples on the northern shelf of Iceland within the Polar Front realm. Similar oceanographical conditions influenced by the Irminger Current and the East Icelandic Current can be inferred for Early Pleistocene times.
Chemical and material communication between the optic nerves in rats
Authors: Yang Shuo , He Heng , Zhu Ying , Wan Xing , Zhou Long‐Fang , Wang Juan , Wang Wen‐Feng , Liu Lei , Li Bin 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBackgroundTo examine interactions between optic nerves.MethodsA total of 24 Sprague–Dawley rats received unilateral intravitreal injections. The rats were equally divided into four groups: group A was administered an adeno‐associated virus (AAV) carrying an exogenous gene (ND4; rAAV‐ND4); group B, AAV carrying a green fluorescent protein (GFP; rAAV‐GFP); group C, fluorogold (FG) nerve tracer dye; and group D, phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) as a control. Two weeks later, GFP expression was evaluated in both retinas and optic nerves of group B rats after frozen sectioning. The presence of FG was also evaluated in group C optic nerves by fluorescent microscopy after frozen sectioning. Four weeks after injection, ND4 expression was evaluated in both eyes of groups A and D using western blotting and immunofluorescence.ResultsFG was observed in the optic chiasm posterior segment along the optic nerve of injected eyes. Some FG reached the anterior optic nerve of the non‐injected eye. GFP fluorescence was observed only in the retina of the injected eye but not in the contralateral retina or either optic nerve. ND4 expression was significantly different between injected and non‐injected eyes but not between the non‐injected eyes in groups A and D.ConclusionUnilaterally injected material can reach the contralateral optic nerve through axoplasmic transport. It is possible that this the only mechanism by which the optic nerves directly communicate.
Implant Prosthetic Rehabilitation in Controlled HIV‐Positive Patients: A Prospective Longitudinal Study with 1‐Year Follow‐Up
Authors: Gherlone Enrico F. , Capparé Paolo , Tecco Simona , Polizzi Elisabetta , Pantaleo Giuseppe , Gastaldi Giorgio , Grusovin Maria Gabriella 
Published: May 2015

AbstractPurposeThe clinical trial aimed to evaluate the survival of implant‐prosthetic rehabilitation in controlled HIV‐positive patients.Materials and MethodsThis mono‐centric study included HIV patients with a stable disease, requiring implant rehabilitation, with good oral hygiene. Each patient received at least one dental implant. After 90 days in the upper jaw and 60 days in the lower jaw, the appropriate prosthesis was delivered.Primary outcome measures were prosthetic failures, implant failures, peri‐implant marginal bone level changes (MBLCs), and biological complications (peri‐implantitis, pus, pain, paresthesia). Data were recorded before the intervention (T0), and 6 (T1) and 12 months (T2) after.ResultsImplants were positioned in 68 patients (22 females and 46 males; 194 implants). Two dropouts occurred for exacerbation of the disease before the sixth month of follow‐up, and 66 patients (with 190 implants) completed the study. Forty‐eight patients (70.6%) received total removable dentures; 11 patients (16.2%) received partial prosthesis, and nine patients (13.2%) received single elements.Implant failure occurred in nine patients (15 fixtures out of 190). These were early implant failures due to primary infection (five fixtures out of 190: 2.6%) and to peri‐implantitis (10 fixtures out of 190: 5.2%). Prosthetic failure was registered in two patients (3% of patients) due to the loss of all the fixtures. Pus and pain were observed in 4/7 and 3/7 patients with peri‐implantitis, respectively. No fractures of fixtures or paresthesia were registered. At T2, the mean peri‐implant MBLC was −1.19 ± 0.87 mm.ConclusionsWithin its limitations, the study showed that in a well‐controlled population of HIV patients implant rehabilitation can be a suitable options with results slightly worse to those obtained in normal population. A higher incidence of peri implant infections in the first six months was present pointing to the need of a proper protocol for infection control.
Community‐Engaged Strategies to Promote Relevance of Research Capacity‐Building Efforts Targeting Community Organizations
Authors: Cunningham Jennifer , Miller Stephania T. , Joosten Yvonne , Elzey Jared D. , Israel Tiffany , King Christine , Luther Patrick , Vaughn Yolanda , Wilkins Consuelo H. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractObjectiveThe study goal is to highlight strategies for promoting relevance of research capacity‐building efforts targeting community organizations (CO)s.MethodsTwo community partners, representing two COs, were invited to participate in CO research development trainings, Community Research Forums (Forum)s. Their contributions were documented via Forum document review. Forum participants, representatives from other COs, completed post‐Forum surveys to identify additional training needs and rate Forum impact relative to their training expectations. A content‐based analysis and descriptive statistics were used to summarize needs assessment‐ and impact‐related survey responses, respectively.ResultsCommunity partners were involved in eight Forum‐related activities including marketing (planning), facilitation (implementation), and manuscript coauthorship (dissemination). Eighty‐one individuals, representing 55 COs, attended the Forums. Needs assessment responses revealed a desire for additional assistance with existing Forum topics (e.g., defining research priorities) and a need for new ones (e.g., promoting organizational buy in for research). Ninety‐one percent of participants agreed that the Forum demonstrated the value of research to COs and how to create a research agenda.ConclusionsIncluding community partners in all Forum phases ensured that CO perspectives were integrated throughout. Post‐Forum needs and impact assessment results will help in tailoring, where needed, future training topics and strategies, respectively.
Ossifying fibromyxoid tumor: a clinicopathologic analysis of 26 subcutaneous tumors with emphasis on differential diagnosis and prognostic factors
Authors: Atanaskova Mesinkovska Natasha , Buehler Darya , McClain Colt M. , Rubin Brian P. , Goldblum John R. , Billings Steven D. 
Published: May 2015

IntroductionOssifying fibromyxoid tumor (OFMT) is rare and may present diagnostic difficulty. We describe 26 subcutaneous examples of OFMT emphasizing differential diagnosis and prognostic features.MethodsHistopathology and follow‐up data from archival/consultation cases were reviewed. Prognostic features were assessed according to proposed criteria.ResultsPatients (16 female, 10 male) ranged from 26 to 88 years (median 54). The tumors (median 2.3 cm, range 0.8‐8.5) involved lower limb (11), trunk (7), head/neck (4), or arm (4). All showed combinations of corded, nested and trabecular patterns in a fibromyxoid stroma. Out of 26 cases 13 had peripheral ossification. Sixteen of 22 cases showed S100 protein expression. Nuclear grade was low (14); intermediate (8) and high (4) while cellularity was low (14); moderate (7) and high (5), with overall good interobserver agreement. Median mitotic rate was 3/50HPF (0–61). Five met criteria for malignant OFMT showing high nuclear grade or high cellularity and mitotic rate >2/50HPF or both. Thirteen OFMTs were atypical. Follow‐up (16/26, median 45.5 months, range 8–108) showed that patients with typical OFMT (3) and atypical OFMT (9) remained disease‐free. Three malignant examples of OFMT recurred and one metastasized to the lung. No deaths were recorded.ConclusionsOur results validate proposed prognostic classification of OFMT. Dermatopathologists should be aware of this unusual superficial tumor given its potentially aggressive behavior.
Evaluating demersal fish richness as a surrogate for epibenthic richness in management and conservation
Authors: Hewitt Judi E. , Wang Dong , Francis Malcolm , Lundquist Carolyn , Duffy Clinton 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAimUnderpinning conservation and management strategies at large spatial scales is the concept that spatial patterns of biodiversity are known, although this information is frequently lacking. Many countries routinely collect data on fish occurrence as part of stock assessments, and it has been suggested that this data could be a surrogate for other components. Here we test the usefulness of three indices of demersal fish species diversity as a surrogate for epibenthic richness at scales from 0.002 to 3,800,000 km−2.LocationFour areas covering a spatial extent of 11° of latitude and 18° of longitude within theNewZealandTerritorialSea andExclusiveEconomicZone.MethodsPredictive modelling of epibenthic taxon richness, from video and sled‐based dredge, by boosted regression trees using environmental variables and demersal fish taxon richness.ResultsOverall, the ability of environmental factors to predict epibenthic richness was not significantly improved by incorporating any of the demersal fish richness estimates, either within or across locations. However, incorporating data on fish richness collected at the same time and spatial scale (c. 2 km) as the video data demonstrated a small increase (c. 10%) in predictability. The ability of environmental variables to predict epibenthic richness varied within and across locations, from 32% to 72% variability explained, despite the presence of strong environmental gradients.Main conclusionDemersal fish taxon richness, especially derived from stock assessments, was not a useful surrogate for epibenthic invertebrate taxon richness. Environmental data were more useful in predicting epibenthic richness, especially for habitat‐structuring taxa observed on video. Our findings suggest that the need to manage large areas of the seafloor seems most likely to be met in future by species distribution and habitat suitability mapping. However, understanding small‐scale spatial heterogeneity may be important for conservation and management strategies operating at a range of scales.
Ecological specialization matters: long‐term trends in butterfly species richness and assemblage composition depend on multiple functional traits
Authors: Eskildsen Anne , Carvalheiro Luísa G. , Kissling W. Daniel , Biesmeijer Jacobus C. , Schweiger Oliver , Høye Toke T. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAimTo quantify spatio‐temporal changes in species richness and assemblage composition of Danish butterflies over more than 100 years and to assess whether different functional groups of butterflies show different temporal trajectories.LocationDenmark, Europe.MethodsWe applied species accumulation curves to estimate relative species richness changes from unequally sampled occurrence records, collected over more than a century (1900–2012), at local (i.e. 10 km× 10 km) and regional (country‐wide) spatial scales. Furthermore, we calculated similarity in species composition between 10 km× 10 km grid cells to evaluate changes in assemblage composition (i.e. biotic homogenization) of butterflies through space and time. Trends were evaluated for all butterflies as well as for three functional groups, using hierarchical clustering and species‐specific values of eight ecological traits.ResultsWe document severe declines in butterfly diversity over the last century, with substantial regional‐scale extinctions leading to a net loss of 10% of all Danish butterfly species. Segregating species into functional groups showed that the highest rate of regional extinction occurred among sedentary habitat specialists overwintering in the egg stage, while the most severe local‐scale declines occurred among sedentary host plant specialists overwintering in the larval stage. In contrast, mobile generalist species with mature overwintering stages showed stable richness trends throughout the century. However, a pervasive spatio‐temporal biotic homogenization of butterfly assemblages was revealed for all functional groups.Main conclusionsOur results suggest that observed changes in species richness were driven by a gradual replacement of ecological specialists by broadly adapted ecological generalists. In addition to drawing attention to a severe long‐term impoverishment of the Danish butterfly fauna, our results suggest that trajectories of butterfly species richness and assemblage composition over the last century are related to multiple functional traits, highlighting the need to consider different aspects of ecological specialization when assessing extinction risk.