bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Food web heterogeneity and succession in created saltmarshes
Authors: Nordström Marie C. , Demopoulos Amanda W. J. , Whitcraft Christine R. , Rismondo Andrea , McMillan Patricia , Gonzalez Jennifer P. , Levin Lisa A. 
Published: June 2015

Summary

Ecological restoration must achieve functional as well as structural recovery. Functional metrics for re‐establishment of trophic interactions can be used to complement traditional monitoring of structural attributes. In addition, topographic effects on food web structure provide added information within a restoration context; often, created sites may require spatial heterogeneity to effectively match structure and function of natural habitats.

We addressed both of these issues in our study of successional development of benthic food web structure, with focus on bottom‐up‐driven changes in macroinvertebrate consumer assemblages in the saltmarshes of the Venice Lagoon, Italy. We combined quantified estimates of the changing community composition with stable isotope data (13C:12C and 15N:14N) to compare the general trophic structure between created (2–14 years) marshes and reference sites and along topographic elevation gradients within saltmarshes.

Macrofaunal invertebrate consumers exhibited local, habitat‐specific trophic patterns. Stable isotope‐based trophic structure changed with increasing marsh age, in particular with regard to mid‐elevation (Salicornia) habitats. In young marshes, the mid‐elevation consumer signatures resembled those of unvegetated ponds. The mid‐elevation of older and natural marshes had a more distinct Salicornia zone food web, occasionally resembling that of the highest (Sarcocornia‐dominated) elevation. In summary, this indicates that primary producers and availability of vascular plant detritus structure consumer trophic interactions and the flow of carbon.

Functionally different consumers, subsurface‐feeding detritivores (Oligochaeta) and surface grazers (Hydrobia sp.), showed distinct but converging trajectories of isotopic change over time, indicating that successional development may be asymmetric between ‘brown’ (detrital) guilds and ‘green’ (grazing) guilds in the food web.

Synthesis and applications. Created marsh food webs converged into a natural state over about a decade, with successional shifts seen in both consumer community composition and stable isotope space. Strong spatial effects were noted, highlighting the utility of stable isotopes to evaluate functional equivalence in spatially heterogeneous systems. Understanding the recovery of functional properties such as food web support, and their inherent spatial variability, is key to planning and managing successful habitat restoration.
Effects of climate on reproductive investment in a masting species: assessment of climatic predictors and underlying mechanisms
Authors: Moreira Xoaquín , Abdala‐Roberts Luis , Linhart Yan B. , Mooney Kailen A. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryMechanisms by which climatic factors drive reproductive investment and phenology in masting species are not completely understood. Climatic conditions may act as a proximate cue, stimulating the onset of reproduction and indirectly increasing fitness through benefits associated with synchronous reproduction among individuals. Alternatively, climatic conditions may directly influence individual‐level allocation to reproduction and reproductive success through effects occurring independently of synchronous reproduction. We previously showed that masting in a ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) population was strongly influenced by spring mean temperature 2 years before seed cone maturation (Ti‐2). However, recent work shows that the difference in temperature between previous growing seasons (ΔT) is more predictive of reproductive investment in long‐lived tree species.Here, we compared four candidate models that predict seed cone production inP. ponderosabased upon different climatic factors (includingTi‐2and ΔT models). After determining the best climatic predictor, we tested for a potential mechanism by which climate might directly influence seed cone production independent of benefits via synchrony, namely effects of temperature on trade‐offs between current and past reproduction (determined by underlying resource availability).We found thatTi‐2(rather than ΔT) was the best predictor of seed cone production. We further show that this same climatic factor exerts a direct fitness benefit to individuals by reducing the strength of trade‐offs between current and past reproductive efforts.Synthesis. We demonstrate that a single climatic factor provides fitness benefits to individuals directly, by weakening reproductive trade‐offs, and indirectly through the benefits associated with synchrony and masting. This suggests a mechanism for the origin and maintenance of masting: individuals initially respond to climatic cues that directly enhance reproduction (e.g. lower reproductive costs through weakened trade‐offs) and this dynamic, expressed across multiple individuals, reinforces these benefits through the economies of scale associated with synchrony and masting.
Audit Hours and Unit Audit Price of Industry Specialist Auditors: Evidence from Korea
Authors: Bae Gil S. , Choi Seung UK , Rho Joon HWA 
Published: June 2015

AbstractHigher audit fees associated with auditor industry specialization could represent higher unit price charged by industry specialist auditors (ISAs) or the provision of a greater quantity of audit services. This study exploits a field setting in Korea, where the disclosure of audit hours is required in company annual reports, and finds that ISAs charge significantly higher total audit fees but also expend significantly greater audit hours than non‐ISAs. When audit fees and hours are considered together, the unit audit price of ISAs is significantly lower than that of non‐ISAs. This indicates that higher total audit fees associated with ISAs are likely to be attributable to greater audit hours associated with ISAs. However, greater audit hours for ISAs may suggest higher audit quality or may simply indicate that the additional audit work performed by ISAs is conducted by relatively cheaper junior auditors. Our work provides an alternative explanation for the higher total audit fees documented in the previous studies.
Multiple Septal Coronary‐Cameral Fistulae after Septal Myectomy
Authors: Al Maluli Hayan , Mathur Moses , Keane Martin G. , Guy T. Sloane , Dries Daniel , Edmundowicz Daniel 
Published: June 2015

Mini‐AbstractCoronary‐cameral fistulae are rare after septal myectomy. Although most close spontaneously, their recognition is important as they may become clinically relevant if they persist.
Gender and BCR‐ABL transcript type are correlated with molecular response to imatinib treatment in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Lin Han‐Xin , Sjaarda Jenny , Dyck Jocob , Stringer Randa , Hillis Chris , Harvey Maria , Carter Ronald , Ainsworth Peter , Leber Brian , Pare Guillaume , Sadikovic Bekim 
Published: June 2015

AbstractObjectivesAchieving a major molecular response (MMR) is the goal of imatinib therapy for chronic myeloid leukemia. However, the association between gender, BCR‐ABL transcript type, and age with MMR is not well understood and often controversial.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 166 patients who have been treated with imatinib for up to 10 yr.ResultsMen had a lower MMR rate than women (63.3% vs. 81.6%, P = 0.006) and a shorter time to relapse (median 354 vs. 675 d, P = 0.049), while patients with b3a2 or with both b3a2 and b2a2 break point transcripts had higher MMR rate than those with b2a2 (81.8%, 77.1% vs. 60.7%, P = 0.023 for b3a2 vs. b2a2, P = 0.043 for both vs. b2a2). A striking difference was found between men with b2a2 and women with both b2a2 and b3a2 in terms of MMR rate (43.8% vs. 88.9%), MMR rate within 6 months (7.1% vs. 62.5%) and the time to MMR (median d 493 vs. 159, P = 0.036).ConclusionsBoth gender and BCR‐ABL transcript, but not age, were significantly associated with the molecular response. Men with b2a2 represent a less favorable group in their response to imatinib treatment and may need alternative therapy regimen and closer monitoring.
The Neuregulin1/ErbB system is selectively regulated during peripheral nerve degeneration and regeneration
Authors: Ronchi Giulia , Haastert‐Talini Kirsten , Fornasari Benedetta Elena , Perroteau Isabelle , Geuna Stefano , Gambarotta Giovanna 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe peripheral nervous system has an intrinsic capability to regenerate, crucially related to the ability of Schwann cells (SC) to create a permissive environment, for example, through production of regeneration‐promoting neurotrophic factors. Survival, proliferation, migration and differentiation of SC into a myelinating phenotype during development and after injury is regulated by different Neuregulin1 (NRG1) isoforms. This study investigates the expression of different NRG1 isoforms and of their ErbB receptors in distal rat median nerve samples under regenerating conditions after a mild (crush) and more severe (end‐to‐end repair) injury and under degenerating condition. The expression of the NRG1/ErbB system was evaluated at mRNA and protein level, and demonstrated to be specific for distinct and consecutive phases following nerve injury and regeneration or the progress in degeneration. For the first time a detailed analysis of expression profiles not only of soluble and transmembrane NRG1 isoforms, but also of alpha and beta as well as type a, b and c isoforms is presented. The results of mRNA and protein expression pattern analyses were related to nerve ultrastructure changes evaluated by electron microscopy. In particular, transmembrane NRG1 isoforms are differentially regulated and proteolytically processed under regeneration and degeneration conditions. Soluble NRG1 isoforms alpha and beta, as well as type a and b, are strongly upregulated during axonal regrowth, while type c NRG1 isoform is downregulated. This is accompanied by an upregulation of ErbB receptors. This accurate regulation suggests that each molecule plays a specific role that could be clinically exploited to improve nerve regeneration.
C5a alters blood–brain barrier integrity in a humanin vitromodel of systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Mahajan Supriya D. , Parikh Neil U. , Woodruff Trent M. , Jarvis James N. , Lopez Molly , Hennon Teresa , Cunningham Patrick , Quigg Richard J. , Schwartz Stanley A. , Alexander Jessy J. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryThe blood–brain barrier (BBB) plays a crucial role in brain homeostasis, thereby maintaining the brain environment precise for optimal neuronal function. Its dysfunction is an intriguing complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).SLEis a systemic autoimmune disorder where neurological complications occur in 5–50% of cases and is associated with impairedBBBintegrity. Complement activation occurs inSLEand is an important part of the clinical profile. Our earlier studies demonstrated that C5a generated by complement activation caused the loss of brain endothelial layer integrity in rodents. The goal of the current study was to determine the translational potential of these studies to a human system. To assess this, we used a two dimensionalin vitroBBBmodel constructed using primary human brain microvascular endothelial cells and astroglial cells, which closely emulates thein vivoBBBallowing the assessment ofBBBintegrity. Increased permeability monitored by changes in transendothelial electrical resistance and cytoskeletal remodelling caused by actin fiber rearrangement were observed when the cells were exposed to lupus serum and C5a, similar to the observations in mice. In addition, our data show that C5a/C5aR1 signalling alters nuclear factor‐κB translocation into nucleus and regulates the expression of the tight junction proteins, claudin‐5 and zonula occludens 1 in this setting. Our results demonstrate for the first time that C5a regulatesBBBintegrity in a neuroinflammatory setting where it affects both endothelial and astroglial cells. In addition, we also demonstrate that our previous findings in a mouse model, were emulated in human cellsin vitro, bringing the studies one step closer to understanding the translational potential of C5a/C5aR1 blockade as a promising therapeutic strategy inSLEand other neurodegenerative diseases.
Relevance of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells for early and late phases of murine sepsis
Authors: Tatura Roman , Zeschnigk Michael , Hansen Wiebke , Steinmann Joerg , Goncalves Vidigal Pedrina , Hutzler Marina , Pastille Eva , Westendorf Astrid M. , Buer Jan , Kehrmann Jan 
Published: June 2015

SummaryThe role of Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells in the course of the early hyper‐inflammatory and subsequent hypo‐inflammatory phases of sepsis is ambiguous. Whereas Nrp1 expression has been reported to discriminate natural Treg cells from induced Treg cells, the Treg cell stability depends on the methylation status of foxp3‐TSDR. To specifically evaluate the role of Foxp3+ Treg cells in the early and late phases of sepsis, we induced sepsis by caecal ligation and puncture and subsequent Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection in a DEREG (DEpletion of REGulatory T cells) mouse model. We found an increase of Foxp3+ Treg cells to all CD4+ T cells during murine sepsis. Using a new methylation‐sensitive quantitative RT‐PCR method and deep amplicon sequencing, we demonstrated that natural (Nrp1+ Foxp3+) Treg cells and most induced (Nrp1− Foxp3+) Treg cells are stable and exhibit unmethylated foxp3‐TSDR, and that both Treg populations are functionally suppressive in healthy and septic mice. DEREG mice depleted of Foxp3+ Treg cells exhibit higher disease scores, mortality rates and interleukin‐6 expression levels than do non‐depleted DEREG mice in early‐phase sepsis, a finding indicating that Foxp3+ Treg cells limit the hyper‐inflammatory response and accelerate recovery. Treg cell depletion before secondary infection with P. aeruginosa 1 week after caecal ligation and puncture does not influence cytokine levels or the course of secondary infection. However, a moderate Treg cell recurrence, which we observed in DEREG mice during secondary infection, may interfere with these results. In summary, Treg cells contribute to a positive outcome after early‐phase sepsis, but the data do not support a significant role of Treg cells in immune paralysis during late‐phase sepsis.
Neuroblastoma Arginase Activity Creates an Immunosuppressive Microenvironment That Impairs Autologous and Engineered Immunity
Authors: Mussai Francis , Egan Sharon , Hunter Stuart , Webber Hannah , Fisher Jonathan , Wheat Rachel , McConville Carmel , Sbirkov Yordan , Wheeler Kate , Bendle Gavin , Petrie Kevin , Anderson John , Chesler Louis , De Santo Carmela 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor of childhood, and survival remains poor for patients with advanced disease. Novel immune therapies are currently in development, but clinical outcomes have not matched preclinical results. Here, we describe key mechanisms in which neuroblastoma inhibits the immune response. We show that murine and human neuroblastoma tumor cells suppress T-cell proliferation through increased arginase activity. Arginase II is the predominant isoform expressed and creates an arginine-deplete local and systemic microenvironment. Neuroblastoma arginase activity results in inhibition of myeloid cell activation and suppression of bone marrow CD34+ progenitor proliferation. Finally, we demonstrate that the arginase activity of neuroblastoma impairs NY-ESO-1–specific T-cell receptor and GD2-specific chimeric antigen receptor–engineered T-cell proliferation and cytotoxicity. High arginase II expression correlates with poor survival for patients with neuroblastoma. The results support the hypothesis that neuroblastoma creates an arginase-dependent immunosuppressive microenvironment in both the tumor and blood that leads to impaired immunosurveillance and suboptimal efficacy of immunotherapeutic approaches. Cancer Res; 75(15); 3043–53. ©2015 AACR.
Phase I Clinical Trial to Determine the Feasibility and Maximum Tolerated Dose of Panitumumab to Standard Gemcitabine-Based Chemoradiation in Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: van Zweeden Annette A. , van der Vliet Hans J. , Wilmink Johanna W. , Meijerink Martijn R. , Meijer Otto W.M. , Bruynzeel Anna M.E. , van Tienhoven Geertjan , Giovannetti Elisa , Kazemier Geert , Jacobs Maarten A.J.M. , Verheul Henk M.W. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Purpose: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors may improve both the therapeutic efficacy of radiotherapy and the radiosensitizing activity of gemcitabine. Based on this rationale and the nonoverlapping toxicity profiles of gemcitabine and the monoclonal EGFR antibody panitumumab, we designed a phase I trial to investigate the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD), safety, and activity of panitumumab added to gemcitabine-based chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC).
Experimental Design: Patients with LAPC and WHO performance status 0 to 1 were treated with weekly panitumumab at four dose levels (1–2.5 mg/kg), combined with weekly gemcitabine 300 mg/m2 and radiotherapy (50.4 Gy in 28 fractions) for 6 weeks, followed by gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m2 weekly for 3 weeks every 4 weeks until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Each cohort was monitored during the combination therapy to establish dose limiting toxicity. Tumor evaluation was performed after CRT and during gemcitabine monotherapy.
Results: Fourteen patients were enrolled; 14 were evaluable for toxicity and 13 for response. The MTD for panitumumab was 1.5 mg/kg. Three of the 6 patients, treated at MTD, experienced grade 3 adverse events during the combination therapy; neutropenia (n = 2; 33%), fatigue (n = 1; 17%), nausea (n = 1; 17%), and vomiting (n = 1; 17%). Partial response was achieved by 3 patients (23%), 1 in each dose cohort. Median progression free survival of the three cohorts together was 8.9 months.
Conclusions: The addition of panitumumab to gemcitabine-based chemoradiotherapy in LAPC has manageable toxicity and potential clinical efficacy. Clin Cancer Res; 21(20); 4569–75. ©2015 AACR.
ОНТОЛОГІЇ У СТРАХОВІЙ МЕДИЦИНІ
Authors: Dzhundubaieva S. O. 
Published: June 2015

<p>Introduction of ontological representations in insurance medicine is difficult due to lack of skilled professionals in this area of knowledge and ontology representation languages are complex and far from the knowledge of medical insurance. In addition, medical insurance is based on a large volume of procedural knowledge, which are also difficult to generalize and order. At the same time, harmonization of risk medical insurance and the desire of the population to purchase medical services urgently require a certain systematization. Outlines ways to create an ontology of health insurance are identified.</p>
МЕТОДИКА ОЦІНЮВАННЯ ЯКОСТІ ДІАБЕТОЛОГІЧНОЇ ДОПОМОГИ НА ОСНОВІ АНКЕТУВАННЯ ЛІКАРІВ
Authors: Tkachenko V. I. , Mankovskyi B. M. , Krasnov V. V. , Babintseva L. Yu. 
Published: June 2015

The assessment of results of new guidelines’ implementation in type 2 diabetes and quality of care is actual in Ukraine. The aim of our research is to develop a simple methodology for assessing the quality of diabetes care during new diabetes guideline implementation in Ukraine. Materials and Methods. We conducted a systematic review of S6 Ukrainian and 148 foreign literature in assessment of diabetes care, quality indicators, based on which our method was formed, its approbation was held. Statistical analysis was performed using Excel 2007, SPSS, Statistica 6.0. Results. We have developed a questionnaire by adapting existing English-language questionnaire GUIDANCE to Ukrainian health care system and added questions about knowledge and results of implementation new Ukrainian guidelines in diabetes care. The validation of questionnaire included expertise on content validity, reliability (Cronbach’s alpha level = 0.87), the sensitivity (0.7) and specificity (0.82). The method consists of use developed questionnaire for doctors in conjunction with the data of statistical reports and valid versions of questionnaires for diabetes patients ADDQoL DTSQ. The example of application of this method for assessment the quality of diabetes care is described and was informative. The proposed method allows to analyze all aspects of the quality of diabetes care.
ПРО ДОСВІД ІНТЕГРАЦІЇ РАДІОВІЗІОГРАФА DR.SUNI 1800 ТА ВІЛЬНО- РОЗПОВСЮДЖУВАНОГО ПРОГРАМНОГО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ МІС ЕМК З ВІДКРИТИМ КОДОМ OPENDENTAL
Authors: Semenets A. V. , Kuziv N. I. 
Published: June 2015

Digital radiovisiography is widely used X-ray technology in the dentistry practice for the diagnostics currently. The brief overview of the market of the digital radiovisiographs and related radiology information systems is given. High hardware and software prices are often combined with insufficient and low-quality support services. The Dr.Suni 1800 intraoral radiovisiograph installation problems due to the outdated software are described. The abilities of the open-source free software usage in the radiology diagnoses tasks are shown. The existing methodology of the Dr.Suni 1800 intraoral radiovisiograph and the OpenDental medical information system integration is improved. An updated step-by-step integration procedure is presented. The Windows 7 (32-bit edition) compatibility is confirmed.
ФАКТОРИ РИЗИКУ РОЗВИТКУ НЕОВАСКУЛЯРНОЇ ГЛАУКОМИ ПІСЛЯ МІНІ- ІНВАЗИВНОЇ ВІТРЕКТОМІЇ У ПАЦІЄНТІВ ІЗ ПРОЛІФЕРАТИВНОЮ ДІАБЕТИЧНОЮ РЕТИНОПАТІЄЮ
Authors: Ruban A. N. 
Published: June 2015

The article presents the risk factors for neovascular glaucoma in patients after miniinvasive diabetic vitrectomy. This was a retrospective study of 237 eyes (237 patients) who underwent combined sutureless vitrectomy 23/25G for the complications of proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Indications for the surgery were vitreous hemorrhage and tractional retinal detachment. The main predictive clinical features of neovascular glaucoma after diabetic vitrectomy were: previously not performed laser phothocoagulation, level of HbA1 c &gt;8 %, neovascular glaucoma contralateral eye, neovascularization of iris, type of diabetis, sex, vitreous hemorrhage, “table-type” of fractional retinal detachment, Marcus-Gunn defect, size of nonperfusion &gt;2 quadrants, previously not injected inhibitor of VEGF.
Correlation between habituation of visual-evoked potentials and magnetophosphene thresholds in migraine: A case-control study
Authors: Ambrosini Anna , Iezzi Ennio , Perrotta Armando , Kisialiou Aliaksei , Nardella Andrea , Berardelli Alfredo , Pierelli Francesco , Schoenen Jean 
Published: June 2015

Introduction In migraine most studies report an interictal deficit of habituation of visual-evoked potentials (VEP-hab) and reduced thresholds for phosphene induction (PT) by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). We searched for a possible correlation between VEP-hab and PT in migraine patients and healthy controls to test whether they reflect the same pathophysiological abnormality. Methods We assessed PT and VEP-hab measured as the percentage change of N1/P1 amplitude over six blocks of 100 responses in 15 healthy volunteers (HV) and in 13 episodic migraineurs without aura (MO) between attacks. Results were compared using Mann-Whitney U test. Interrelationships were examined using Spearman's correlation. Results In MO patients VEP-hab was reduced compared to HV ( p = 0.001), while PT were not significantly different between HV and MO. There was no correlation between PT and VEP-hab in either group of participants. Conclusions We confirm that in interictal migraine VEP habituation is deficient, but magnetophosphene threshold normal. VEP-hab and PT were not correlated with each other in healthy controls or in migraineurs. This finding suggests that they index different facets of cortical excitability in migraine, i.e. a punctual normal measure of the cortical activation threshold for PT and a dynamic response pattern to repeated stimuli for VEP habituation.