bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant and Sensorial Properties of Linden Honey with Dried Apricots
Authors: Ćetković Gordana , Čanadanović‐Brunet Jasna , Vulić Jelena , Djilas Sonja , Tumbas Šaponjac Vesna 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe total phenol (TPh) and flavonoid contents (TFd), and antioxidant and sensorial properties of linden honey (LH) with dried apricots (20, 30, and 40%) were evaluated. TPh increased 4.3 times for LH40 (from 23.96 to 102.87 mg gallic acid equiv./100 g honey), while increase of TFd was slightly lower, ca. 2.9‐fold for LH40 (from 18.11 to 51.72 mg rutin equiv./100 g honey). Based on HPLC analysis, the most dominant phenolic compound was gallic acid (11.14 mg/100 g honey in LH and 42.65 mg/100 g honey in LH40). In three different assays, the antioxidant activity increased with increasing concentration of apricots in honey. The magnified image
values varied from 13.36 for LH to 7.06 mg/ml for LH40; the magnified image
values ranged from 189.83 for LH to 11.23 mg/ml for LH40; the RP0.5 (reducing power) values ranged from 169.00 for LH to 27.60 mg/ml for LH40. Based on the correlation analysis, it is obvious that TPh and TFd were associated with the antioxidant activities of honey samples. A high degree of correlation existed between antioxidant activities of honey samples and TPh (R from 0.945 to 0.996) and TFd (R from 0.805 to 0.934). Obtained scores for individual sensory properties indicated very good quality of honey with dried apricots.
Carotenoid‐Cleavage Activities of Crude Enzymes from Pandanous amryllifolius
Authors: Ningrum Andriati , Schreiner Matthias 
Published: November 2014

AbstractCarotenoid degradation products, known as norisoprenoids, are aroma‐impact compounds in several plants. Pandan wangi is a common name of the shrub Pandanus amaryllifolius. The genus name ‘Pandanus’ is derived from the Indonesian name of the tree, pandan. In Indonesia, the leaves from the plant are used for several purposes, e.g., as natural colorants and flavor, and as traditional treatments. The aim of this study was to determine the cleavage of β‐carotene and β‐apo‐8′‐carotenal by carotenoid‐cleavage enzymes isolated from pandan leaves, to investigate dependencies of the enzymatic activities on temperature and pH, to determine the enzymatic reaction products by using Headspace Solid Phase Microextraction Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrophotometry (HS‐SPME GC/MS), and to investigate the influence of heat treatment and addition of crude enzyme on formation of norisoprenoids. Crude enzymes from pandan leaves showed higher activity against β‐carotene than β‐apo‐8′‐carotenal. The optimum temperature of crude enzymes was 70°, while the optimum pH value was 6. We identified β‐ionone as the major volatile reaction product from the incubations of two different carotenoid substrates, β‐carotene and β‐apo‐8′‐carotenal. Several treatments, e.g., heat treatment and addition of crude enzymes in pandan leaves contributed to the norisoprenoid content. Our findings revealed that the crude enzymes from pandan leaves with carotenoid‐cleavage activity might provide a potential application, especially for biocatalysis, in natural‐flavor industry.
A Halogen‐Bonding Bis‐triazolium Rotaxane for Halide‐Selective Anion Recognition
Authors: Mullaney Benjamin R. , Partridge Benjamin E. , Beer Paul D. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA systematic study on the anion‐binding properties of acyclic halogen‐ and hydrogen‐bonding bis‐triazolium carbazole receptors is described. The halide‐binding potency of halogen‐bonding bis‐iodotriazolium carbazole receptors was found to be far superior to their hydrogen‐bonding bis‐triazolium‐based analogues. This led to the synthesis of a mixed halogen‐ and hydrogen‐bonding rotaxane host containing a bis‐iodotriazolium carbazole axle component. The rotaxane’s anion recognition properties, determined by 1H NMR titration experiments in a competitive aqueous solvent mixture, demonstrated the preorganised halogen‐bonding interlocked host cavity to be halide‐selective, with a strong binding affinity for bromide.
Size and connectivity of upslope runoff‐source areas modulate the performance of woody plants in Mediterranean drylands
Authors: Urgeghe Anna M. , Bautista Susana 
Published: November 2014

AbstractFeedbacks between vegetation spatial pattern and resource redistribution from bare areas (sources) to vegetation patches (sinks) are considered critical to the functioning of dryland ecosystems. However, experimental fieldworks testing the underlying assumptions and quantifying the feedbacks involved are very scarce. We hypothesized that the size and surface conditions of the upslope runoff‐source areas control the transfer of resources to the downslope vegetation patch, and thereby vegetation performance. In a restored semiarid woodland in Alicante, SE Spain, we investigated the performance of planted shrubs (Olea europaea and Pistacia lentiscus) in response to the size, upslope length, internal connectivity and soil surface properties of their respective upslope runoff‐source areas (drainage microcatchments). Growth of O. europaea seedlings increased with drainage microcatchments size, whilst their water–stress level decreased with the upslope hillslope length. Lower plant density and higher bare‐soil connectivity within the respective microcatchments improved the performance of O. europaea seedlings. Seedling survival was much lower for P. lentiscus than for O. europaea, and growth and water–stress of alive P. lentiscus seedlings showed no significant relationships with any of the microcatchment properties assessed. Survival of P. lentiscus seedlings increased with hillslope length upslope the seedling location. Overall, results point to the interplay between the size and connectivity of the bare‐soil upslope interpatch and the relative location on the hillslope as the most relevant control factors for seedling performance. Observed linkages between source–sink dynamics and plant performance provide valuable information for improving the design of conservation and restoration actions in semiarid lands. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Changes in evapotranspiration and phenology as consequences of shrub removal in dry forests of central Argentina
Authors: Marchesini Victoria A. , Fernández Roberto J. , Reynolds James F. , Sobrino José A. , Di Bella Carlos M. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractMore than half of the dry woodlands (forests and shrublands) of the world are in South America, mainly in Brazil and Argentina, where in the last years intense land use changes have occurred. This study evaluated how the transition from woody‐dominated to grass‐dominated system affected key ecohydrological variables and biophysical processes over 20 000 ha of dry forest in central Argentina. We used a simplified surface energy balance model together with moderate‐resolution imaging spectroradiometer–normalized difference vegetation index data to analyse changes in above primary productivity, phenology, actual evapotranspiration, albedo and land surface temperature for four complete growing seasons (2004–2009). The removal of woody vegetation decreased aboveground primary productivity by 15–21%, with an effect that lasted at least 4 years, shortened the growing season between 1 and 3 months and reduced evapotranspiration by as much as 30%. Albedo and land surface temperature increased significantly after the woody to grassland conversion. Our findings highlight the role of woody vegetation in regulating water dynamics and ecosystem phenology and show how changes in vegetative cover can influence regional climatic change. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evollionines A–C, Three New Alkaloids Isolated from the Fruits of Evodia rutaecarpa
Authors: Li Yan‐Hong , He Juan , Li Yan , Wu Xing‐De , Peng Li‐Yan , Du Ru‐Nan , Cheng Xiao , Zhao Qin‐Shi , Li Rong‐Tao 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA phytochemical study of the CHCl3 extract of the dried unripe fruits of Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth. (Rutaceae) resulted in the isolation of three new alkaloids, evollionines A–C (1–3, resp.), together with two known compounds, evodianinine and wuzhuyumide I. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated on the basis of detailed spectroscopic evidence and confirmed in the case of compound 1 by single‐crystal X‐ray analysis.
Flavonol Glycosides and Iridoids from Asperula lilaciflora
Authors: Kırmızıbekmez Hasan , Bardakcı Hilal , Masullo Milena , Kamburoğlu Özge , Eryılmaz Gonca , Akaydın Galip , Yeşilada Erdem , Piacente Sonia 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA new flavonol glycoside, quercetin 3‐O‐[6′′′‐O‐3,5‐dihydroxycinnamoyl‐β‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→2)]‐β‐galactopyranoside (named lilacifloroside; 1) and a new iridoid 2 (named asperulogenin), were isolated from the aerial parts of Asperula lilaciflora in addition to eight known secondary metabolites, i.e., quercetin, kaempferol, quercetin 3‐O‐β‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→2)‐β‐galactopyranoside, quercetin 3‐O‐β‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→2)‐arabinopyranoside, asperuloside, deacetylasperulosidic acid, asperulosidic acid methyl ester, and chlorogenic acid. The structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR experiments as well as MS data. Compound 1 contains the rare 3,5‐dihydroxycinnamoyl moiety in its structure. This work constitutes the first phytochemical study of the title plant.
Speleogenetic evidence from Ogof Draenen for a pre‐Devensian glaciation in the Brecon Beacons, South Wales, UK
Authors: FARRANT ANDREW R. , SMITH CHRISTOPHER J. M. , NOBLE STEPHEN R. , SIMMS MICHAEL J. , RICHARDS DAVID A. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTThe British Isles have been affected by as many as 30 glaciations during the Quaternary. However, the evidence for pre‐Devensian glaciations in upland regions is scarce. Understanding the extent and timing of earlier upland glaciations is essential for modelling the long‐term evolution and sensitivity of the British Ice Sheet. Caves, being protected from surface erosion and weathering, can preserve evidence of earlier glaciations in the form of speleothem and sediment archives. The ∼70‐km‐long Ogof Draenen cave system in South Wales, UK, contains multiple cave levels related to changes in the surface topography and drainage during the past 0.5 Ma. The cave contains evidence of massive influxes of sediment that were sufficient to choke the cave and alter the underground drainage. Analysis of the cave sediments, passage morphology and geometry suggests the cave once acted as a subterranean glacial spill‐way before being overridden by ice. Speleothem U‐series data demonstrate that this sediment influx occurred before Marine Isotope State (MIS) 9, probably during the Anglian glaciation (MIS 12). Evidence from Ogof Draenen indicates the impact of subsequent glaciations on the landscape evolution of the region was minimal and that much of the surface topography dates from the Anglian. Copyright © 2014 British Geological Survey (NERC). Journal of Quaternary Science © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
pH‐Sensitive Drug‐Conjugates on Water‐Soluble Polymer Frameworks
Authors: Siddique Abu Bakkar , Cho Youngjun , Kim Yujin , Bahng Sung Hoon , Kim Sung Woo , Lee Jae Yeol , Kang Ho‐Jung , Kim Sehoon , Bae You Han , Kim Jungahn 
Published: November 2014

A potent synthetic methodology is introduced to generate a useful intermediate for the preparation of ‘smart’ polymeric pro‐drugs. Herein, living anionic block polymerization of ethylene oxide (EO) and N‐phenylmaleimide (N‐PMI), as well as the Gabriel process, are introduced. Hydrazinolysis of the resulting poly(ethylene oxide)‐block‐poly(N‐PMI) (PEO‐b‐PN‐PMI) using hydrazine under acidic conditions leads to the production of PEO‐based frameworks with hydrazide (HZ) groups. The HZ groups are found to effect the formation of an acid‐sensitive bond in reactions with medicines or drugs under neutral conditions (pH 7.2). The PEO‐HZ intermediate, which shows a strong triplet splitting patterned chemical shift in the range δ = 6.5–8.5 ppm, represents the most powerful material employed for mass production of smart polymeric pro‐drugs while controlling the drug‐loading yield. Water‐soluble “smart” polymeric pro‐drugs, such as poly(ethylene oxide)‐doxorubicin (PEO‐HZ‐Dox), poly(ethylene oxide)‐methotrexate (PEO‐HZ‐MTX), and poly(ethylene oxide)‐folate (PEO‐HZ‐FA) conjugates, show excellent acid‐sensitive release profiles in water or alcohol at pH 4.5.
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A metamaterial antenna for WSN applications
Authors: Shanmugapriya M. , Mohamed M. A. Maluk , William Johnson 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTA miniaturized antenna is designed, analyzed, and fabricated for high‐speed wireless sensor networks, which operates at 2.4 GHz frequency. The miniaturization is achieved using metamaterial technique. In this technique, a patch antenna loaded with complementary rectangular split ring resonators and slots is proposed to provide metamaterial effect. The characteristics of designed structure are investigated using finite element method‐based Ansoft High Frequency Simulation Software and gain, return loss, bandwidth, and VSWR are calculated. Double negative existence is confirmed from the measurement results which show negative permeability and negative permittivity. Omnidirectional radiation pattern is obtained for 2.4 GHz frequency. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:120–124, 2015
Interface trap states in Al2O3/AlGaN/GaN structure induced by inductively coupled plasma etching of AlGaN surfaces
Authors: Yatabe Zenji , Asubar Joel T. , Sato Taketomo , Hashizume Tamotsu 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWe have investigated the effects of the inductively coupled plasma (ICP) etching of AlGaN surface on the resulting interface properties of the Al2O3/AlGaN/GaN structures. The experimentally measured capacitance–voltage (C–V) characteristics were compared with those calculated taking into account the interface states density at the Al2O3/AlGaN interface. As a complementary method, photoassisted C–V method utilizing photons with energies less than the bandgap of GaN was also used to probe the interface state density located near AlGaN midgap. It was found that the ICP etching of the AlGaN surface significantly increased the interface state density at the Al2O3/AlGaN interface. It is likely that ICP etching induced the interface roughness, disorder of chemical bonds and formation of various type of defect complexes including nitrogen‐vacancy‐related defects at the AlGaN surface, leading to poor C–V curve due to higher interface state density at the Al2O3/AlGaN interface.
Selectively Impaired Fasciculus Gracilis in Cervical Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Shin Ka‐Young , Cho Ah‐Ra , Choi Eun‐Hi , Lim Jong Youb 
Published: November 2014

AbstractSelective lesions of the fasciculus gracilis have been reported only in cases of nontraumatic spinal cord disease. We present the case of a 54‐year‐old man who developed persistent hypesthesia and abnormal vibratory sensation below the T6 segmental level after injuring his cervical spine after a fall. Cervical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament, spinal stenosis, and a C3–4 spinal cord injury. A thoracic MRI did not reveal a spinal cord lesion. Lower thoracic dermatomal somatosensory evoked potentials showed delayed latency. The findings in this case indicate selective injury to the fasciculus gracilis at the level of the cervical spinal cord.
Emergence of dispersion in shallow water hydrodynamics via modulation of uniform flow
Authors: Bridges Thomas J. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA new theory for the emergence of dispersion in shallow water hydrodynamics in two horizontal space dimensions is presented. Starting with the key properties of uniform flow in open-channel hydraulics, it is shown that criticality is the key mechanism for generating dispersion. Modulation of the uniform flow then leads to model equations. The coefficients in the model equations are related precisely to the derivatives of the mass flux, momentum flux and mass density. The theory gives a new perspective – from the viewpoint of hydraulics – on how and why key shallow water models like the Korteweg–de Vries equation and Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equations arise in the theory of water waves.
APULEIUS, METAMORPHOSES 10.25.1
Authors: Vannini G. 
Published: November 2014

nec iuvenis sororis suae mortem tam miseram et quae minime par erat inlatam aequo tolerare quivit animo, sed … exin flagrantissimis febribus ardebat, ut ipsi quoque iam medela videretur esse necessaria.
This is the text of the passage describing the reaction of the young man at the news that his beloved sister has been murdered flagris and titione candenti inter media femina detruso as it is transmitted by the Florentine MS (F). With the few exceptions which I discuss below, the vast majority of editors accept the text of F, betraying resignation before a paradosis that can hardly seem genuine, since it can be maintained only by forcing both word order and syntax. Editors either refer quae to mortem, assuming an ellipsis of ei (i.e. sorori) in the relative clause and taking par as ‘fitting’, or refer quae to soror, assuming an ellipsis of in eam (i.e. et in eam … inlatam) and taking par as equivalent to digna.
China Scholars and the Media: Improving an Awkward, Important Relationship
Authors: Sullivan Jonathan 
Published: November 2014

AbstractPublic interest in China, as reflected in the level of media attention, is burgeoning in the West and elsewhere in the world. This interest is driven by China's increasing presence and importance in the lives of people around the world; and for the same reason is likely to continue growing. Since media discourses are the main way in which Western publics receive information about China, contributing to media reports and helping journalists reach deeper understandings is an important task and opportunity for academics whose specialist knowledge of China is often more nuanced than that of generalist China correspondents. Although developments in the two professions are demanding closer and more frequent interactions, many scholars are reluctant to engage. This is partly due to structural disincentives within the academy, and partly due to obstacles in the scholar–media relationship. Focusing on the latter, the objective of this article is to illuminate how China scholars and journalists currently interact, and to identify means to increasing their efficiency and sustainability.
Mapping the unconscious maintenance of a lost first language
Authors: Pierce Lara J. , Klein Denise , Chen Jen-Kai , Delcenserie Audrey , Genesee Fred 
Published: November 2014

Significance
Using functional MRI we examined the unconscious influence of early experience on later brain outcomes. Internationally adopted (IA) children (aged 9–17 years), who were completely separated from their birth language (Chinese) at 12.8 mo of age, on average, displayed brain activation to Chinese linguistic elements that precisely matched that of native Chinese speakers, despite the fact that IA children had no subsequent exposure to Chinese and no conscious recollection of that language. Importantly, activation differed from monolingual French speakers with no Chinese exposure, despite all participants hearing identical acoustic stimuli. The similarity between adoptees and Chinese speakers clearly illustrates that early acquired information is maintained in the brain and that early experiences unconsciously influence neural processing for years, if not indefinitely.
Termite queens close the sperm gates of eggs to switch from sexual to asexual reproduction
Authors: Yashiro Toshihisa , Matsuura Kenji 
Published: November 2014

SignificanceTo clarify the evolution of parthenogenesis, given the potential sexual conflict over genetic transmission, identifying the mechanism regulating egg fertilization in females is essential. In the termiteReticulitermes speratus, queens produce their replacements (neotenic queens) parthenogenetically but use sexual reproduction to produce other colony members. We discovered that queens of the termite close micropyles (openings for sperm entry) of their eggs to produce parthenogenetic offspring in the presence of kings. Furthermore, we found that queens control the proportion of micropyleless eggs by regulating of the number of micropyles over time. This study describes a novel route of the evolution of parthenogenesis in favor of females’ interests without interference from males.
The association between discontinuing hormonal contraceptives and wives’ marital satisfaction depends on husbands’ facial attractiveness
Authors: Russell V. Michelle , McNulty James K. , Baker Levi R. , Meltzer Andrea L. 
Published: November 2014

Significance
Hormonal contraceptives (HCs) are believed to suppress biological processes associated with women’s preferences for cues of partner genetic fitness, cues that may be summarized by men’s facial attractiveness. Two longitudinal studies of marriage demonstrate that wives who used HCs at relationship formation became less satisfied when they discontinued HCs if their husband had a relatively less attractive face, but more satisfied if their husband had a relatively more attractive face. Incongruency between HC use at relationship formation and current HC use was negatively associated with sexual satisfaction, regardless of husbands’ facial attractiveness. Practically, these findings suggest that discontinuing HCs may have critical unintended effects on women’s relationships. Theoretically, they indicate that evolved mating processes have implications for established relationships.
Densovirus associated with sea-star wasting disease and mass mortality
Authors: Hewson Ian , Button Jason B. , Gudenkauf Brent M. , Miner Benjamin , Newton Alisa L. , Gaydos Joseph K. , Wynne Janna , Groves Cathy L. , Hendler Gordon , Murray Michael , Fradkin Steven , Breitbart Mya , Fahsbender Elizabeth , Lafferty Kevin D. , Kilpatrick A. Marm , Miner C. Melissa , Raimondi Peter , Lahner Lesanna , Friedman Carolyn S. , Daniels Stephen , Haulena Martin , Marliave Jeffrey , Burge Colleen A. , Eisenlord Morgan E. , Harvell C. Drew 
Published: November 2014

Significance
Sea stars inhabiting the Northeast Pacific Coast have recently experienced an extensive outbreak of wasting disease, leading to their degradation and disappearance from many coastal areas. In this paper, we present evidence that the cause of the disease is transmissible from disease-affected animals to apparently healthy individuals, that the disease-causing agent is a virus-sized microorganism, and that the best candidate viral taxon, the sea star-associated densovirus (SSaDV), is in greater abundance in diseased than in healthy sea stars.
Ovarian cancer stem cells express ROR1, which can be targeted for anti–cancer-stem-cell therapy
Authors: Zhang Suping , Cui Bing , Lai Hsien , Liu Grace , Ghia Emanuela M. , Widhopf George F. , Zhang Zhuhong , Wu Christina C. N. , Chen Liguang , Wu Rongrong , Schwab Richard , Carson Dennis A. , Kipps Thomas J. 
Published: November 2014

Significance
This study demonstrates that the oncoembryonic surface antigen, receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1), is expressed on human ovarian cancer stem cells (CSCs), on which it seems to play a functional role in promoting migration/invasion or spheroid formation in vitro and tumor engraftment in immune-deficient mice. Treatment with a humanized mAb specific for ROR1 (UC-961) could inhibit the capacity of ovarian cancer cells to migrate, form spheroids, or engraft immune-deficient mice. Moreover, such treatment inhibited the growth of tumor xenografts, which in turn had a reduced capacity to engraft immune-deficient mice and were relatively depleted of cells with features of CSC, suggesting that treatment with UC-961 could impair CSC renewal. Collectively, these studies indicate that ovarian CSCs express ROR1, which may be targeted for anti-CSC therapy.