bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L'évolution des disponibilités monétaires et de leurs contreparties depuis 1948
Authors: Raillon J. 
Published: July 2013

Les disponibilités monétaires ont continuellement augmenté depuis décembre 1947. Le pourcentage des billets ne varie que dans des limites étroites et est en baisse depuis 1951.
En période de hausse des prix, les agents économiques essaient de réduire la valeur réelle de leurs encaisses et inversement.
Parmi les contreparties, les créances sur l'État qui représentaient à la fin de 1947 plus de 65 % de l'ensemble de celles-ci ont diminué en pourcentage jusqu'en 1951. Le pourcentage s'est alors stabilisé, jusqu'au début de 1954, pour recommencer à diminuer.
Ce sont les crédits à l'économie qui se sont accrus le plus nettement, bien que de façon irrégulière, depuis 1947, tant en valeur absolue qu'en pourcentage.
Quelques aspects de la notion d'espace en économie
Authors: Bertrand René 
Published: July 2013

L'introduction de la notion d'espace dans l'analyse économique. L'espace est un obstacle aux relations entre sujets économiques, mais il permet en même temps de déterminer les dimensions des sujets et des objets de l'économie et sert de repère aux mouvements de ces derniers.
Le concept de marché, les divers types d'interdépendance, la nature de la solidarité dans l'espace.
Dans le temps, les pôles se déplacent, les réseaux se déforment et les aires s'étendent ou se rétrécissent. Double processus de concentration et de ramification.
Perspectives des dépenses d'habillement des français (1954 - 1965)
Authors: Goreux L.-M. 
Published: July 2013

Cette étude vise deux objectifs : le premier est d'évaluer l'évolution probable des dépenses d'habillement des Français au cours des dix prochaines années. Ce problème est important car les dépenses d'habillement représentent environ 10 % des dépenses totales des ménages et 60 % des débouchés de l'industrie textile française.
Le second objectif de cette étude est d'exposer, sur un cas concret, une des méthodes d'analyse des tendances d'un marché de biens de grande consommation, à savoir l'exploitation des statistiques officielles. Une telle étude peut-être exécutée à peu de frais, elle peut constituer un cadre général à l'intérieur duquel viendraient s'inscrire des études plus spécifiques menées à des fins commerciales.
Pour émettre des perspectives sur l'évolution à venir des dépenses d'habillement des Français, il faut tout d'abord rechercher, à partir des observations faites dans le passé, quels sont les principaux facteurs affectant les dépenses d'habillement et si possible mesurer l'influence de ces facteurs. Cette recherche a été effectuée à partir des trois méthodes suivantes :
1° Comparaison de la structure des dépenses de différents individus à une même époque par exploitation d'enquêtes sur les dépenses des ménages ;
2° Comparaison des niveaux de dépenses moyennes entre des régions ou des pays différents ;
3° Évolution de la dépenses d'habillement dans le passé par l'étude des séries temporelles en France et à l'étranger.
Une confrontation systématique des résultats tirés de ces trois méthodes de recherche a permis d'obtenir un ordre de grandeur de l'influence probable des principaux facteurs susceptibles d'affecter les dépenses d'habillement des Français. En fonction de ces résultats et d'un corps d'hypothèses cohérent quant à l'évolution de l'économie française au cours des dix prochaines années, des perspectives ont été émises sur l'évolution des dépenses d'habillement des Français de 1954 à 1965.
Differences in forest plant functional trait distributions across land‐use and productivity gradients
Authors: Mayfield Margaret M. , Dwyer John M. , Chalmandrier Loïc , Wells Jessie A. , Bonser Stephen P. , Catterall Carla P. , DeClerck Fabrice , Ding Yi , Fraterrigo Jennifer M. , Metcalfe Daniel J. , Queiroz Cibele , Vesk Peter A. , Morgan John W. 
Published: July 2013

• Premise of study: Plant functional traits are commonly used as proxies for plant responses to environmental challenges, yet few studies have explored how functional trait distributions differ across gradients of land‐use change. By comparing trait distributions in intact forests with those across land‐use change gradients, we can improve our understanding of the ways land‐use change alters the diversity and functioning of plant communities.• Methods: We examined how the variation and distribution of trait values for seven plant functional traits differ between reference natural forest and three types of land‐use conversion (pasture, old‐field, or “legacy” sites—regrowth following logging), landscape productivity (NPP) and vegetation strata (tree or non‐tree “understory”), in a meta‐analysis of studies from 15 landscapes across five continents.• Key results: Although trait variation often differed between land‐uses within a landscape, these patterns were rarely consistent across landscapes. The variance and distribution of traits were more likely to differ consistently between natural forest and land‐use conversion categories for understory (non‐tree) plants than for trees. Landscape productivity did not significantly alter the difference in trait variance between natural forest and land‐use conversion categories for any trait except dispersal.• Conclusions: Our results suggest that even for traits well linked to plant environmental response strategies, broad classes of land‐use change and landscape productivity are not generally useful indicators of the mechanisms driving compositional changes in human‐modified forest systems.
Plant response to a global greenhouse event 56 million years ago
Authors: Wing Scott L. , Currano Ellen D. 
Published: July 2013

• Premise of the study: The fossil record provides information about the long‐term response of plants to CO2‐induced climate change. The Paleocene‐Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), a 200000‐yr‐long period of rapid carbon release and warming that occurred ∼56 million years ago, is analogous to future anthropogenic global warming.• Methods: We collected plant macrofossils in the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, United States, from a period spanning the PETM and studied changes in floristic composition. We also compiled and summarized published records of floristic change during the PETM.• Key results: There was radical floristic change in the Bighorn Basin during the PETM reflecting local or regional extirpation of mesophytic plants, notably conifers, and colonization of the area by thermophilic and dry‐tolerant species, especially Fabaceae. This floristic change largely reversed itself as the PETM ended, though some immigrant species persisted and some Paleocene species never returned. Less detailed records from other parts of the world show regional variation in floristic response, but are mostly consistent with the Bighorn Basin trends.• Conclusions: Despite geologically rapid extirpation, colonization, and recolonization, we detected little extinction during the PETM, suggesting the rate of climate change did not exceed the dispersal capacity of terrestrial plants. Extrapolating the response of plants from the PETM to future anthropogenic climate change likely underestimates risk because rates of climate change during the PETM may have been an order of magnitude slower than current rates of change and because the abundant, widespread species common as fossils are likely resistant to extinction.
Pouvoirs dans la ville et révoltes arabes en 2011
Authors: Droz-Vincent Philippe 
Published: July 2013

Cet article étudie la place centrale de la ville dans les révoltes des sociétés de 2011 contre l’autoritarisme dans le monde arabe. La ville est le lieu où s’applique l’autoritarisme comme régime, et donc comme mode de gestion des rapports sociaux. La ville est aussi le lieu d’où partent les révoltes et où se recomposent les rapports Etats/sociétés.
Faudra-t-il brûler le sapin de Noël ? La laïcité dans l'espace scolaire
Authors: Sicard Frédérique 
Published: July 2013

Les polémiques autour du foulard dit « islamique » ont réinterrogé une laïcité qui semblait jusque-là aller de soi. La loi de 2004 a pu, pour un temps, laisser croire que la question était définitivement close. Un sentiment quotidiennement démenti par les revendications ou pressions diffuses d’élèves sur leurs camarades, la remise en cause du traditionnel sapin de Noël, etc. Pourtant, aujourd’hui, faute de formation et d’un programme clair, l’École ne parvient pas à donner aux jeunes les repères identitaires et spirituels qui leur manquent.
Ramdam en Institut thérapeutique, éducatif et pédagogique
Authors: Puyuelo Rémy , Roucoules Alain 
Published: July 2013

Compte rendu d’une réunion institutionnelle animée par des intervenants extérieurs dans un Institut thérapeutique, éducatif et pédagogique ( itep ) où il est question du fait religieux et de ses résonances individuelles, groupales et institutionnelles dans un moment particulier de la vie institutionnelle : le Ramadan. La laïcité en est un des enjeux, mais la situation se révèle plus complexe, en fait, dans la dynamique institutionnelle mettant à l’épreuve de multiples paramètres.
Laïcité et travail social : la tentation de l'oubli
Authors: Carrié Sébastien 
Published: July 2013

Alors que la question laïque refait régulièrement surface dans le débat public, le secteur social et médicosocial semble la considérer comme secondaire, quand il ne l’ignore pas tout à fait. Pourquoi une telle distance avec un principe pourtant fondateur du vivre ensemble ? Existerait-il plus urgent pour assurer la pérennité et le sens de l’action sociale ? Et si l’idéologie gestionnaire était en train d’éteindre les feux de notre devise républicaine : liberté, égalité, fraternité ...? Heureusement, dans nos établissements, il est encore temps d’activer avec force et vigueur l’idéal laïque.
Appolos
Authors: Willy Paul 
Published: July 2013

C’est l’histoire de vie d’un Ivoirien, confié dès son plus jeune âge à sa tante, puis chez un « notable blanc ». Il a connu ses heures de gloire (jeune, beau, frimeur, et tombeur de ces dames) et ses moments de déchéance, ruiné et rejeté par ses proches. Il a voulu échapper à son sort, errant du Ghana au Bénin, du Burkina Faso au Mali, avant de s’envoler pour la France où il se retrouve étranger au milieu des étrangers.
Origine et historique des séjours de rupture
Authors: Saint-Martin Carine 
Published: July 2013

Les séjours de rupture, en tant que prise en charge éducative pour des adolescents en difficulté, interrogent tant les professionnels de terrain que les politiques et, récemment, quelques chercheurs. Quelle que soit leur origine, ces séjours ont en commun de vouloir proposer un ailleurs, de fonctionner différemment des prises en charge thérapeutiques classiques ou institutionnelles : le « faire avec » le jeune au quotidien. Ce texte propose de présenter un abrégé non exhaustif des origines anglo-saxonnes et françaises de ces séjours, des concepts à la pratique, des fondements au cadre réglementaire.
Meta-analysis of Temporary Versus No Clamping in TKA
Authors: Huang ZeYu , Ma Jun , Pei FuXing , Yang Jing , Zhou ZongKe , Kang PengDe , Shen Bin 
Published: July 2013

Educational Objectives

As a result of reading this article, physicians should be able to:

1.
Identify the available drainage systems used for patients who undergo total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

2.
Understand the potential strengths and limitations of temporary and no clamping drainage used in TKA.

3.
Become familiar with the available evidence regarding the advantages of temporary and no clamping drainage used in TKA.

4.
Understand the optimal time of temporary drainage clamping in association with TKA based on the available evidence.

Use of closed drainage systems after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a routine practice. Currently, a debate exists regarding whether temporary or no clamping is optimal. A systematic review of the English literature was conducted, and randomized controlled trials comparing all forms of temporary or no clamping drainage were included. Two authors independently extracted articles and predefined data. Data were pooled using a fixed-effects model to perform the meta-analysis. Nine randomized controlled trials totaling 850 patients were retrieved. The results indicate that temporary clamping could significantly reduce the drainage volume, including total drainage volume, drainage volume within 24 hours postoperatively, and drainage volume within 48 hours postoperatively. Furthermore, patients treated with temporary drainage clamping for 4 hours or more had a higher hemoglobin level 24 hours postoperatively than the patients treated with no clamping, and the number of blood transfusions per patient decreased significantly. No significant difference was identified between the 2 practices regarding postoperative range of motion, wound-related complications, and deep vein thrombosis. More randomized controlled trials are needed to provide robust evidence and to definitively determine which practice is most effective in reducing postoperative blood loss.
Time Orientation and Visual Construction Subdomains of the MMSE as Independent Risk Factors for Hip Fractures
Authors: Tseng Wo-Jan , Hung Li-Wei , Lin Jinn 
Published: July 2013

Hip fractures may result in severe morbidity and mortality among elderly patients. Many risk factors for hip fracture have been identified, including cognitive impairment. The authors used the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), a screen test for cognitive impairment, as the study material for their hip fracture survey. The authors hypothesized that certain subdomains would have a strong association with hip fractures.A total of 217 individuals with hip fracture and 215 individuals without hip fractures matched by age and sex were recruited for the study. A standardized questionnaire was used to register their MMSE performance and demographic data. Scores for these subdomains were analyzed using conditional logistic regression with adjustment of 5 clinically important risk factors for hip fractures, including educational level, difficulty with activities of daily living, physical activities, body mass index, and bone mineral density. In univariate analyses, those subdomains with lower scores had significantly higher hip fracture risks. In multivariate analyses, only the subdomains time orientation and visual construction remained significant. Further receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that these 2 subdomains could differentiate hip fractures from nonfractures better than total MMSE.Time orientation and visual construction subdomains are strong predictors for hip fractures and can be used effectively in the hospital to screen patients at high risk of hip fractures. Prospective cohort studies are warranted to further validate this finding.
Blocking Screws for the Treatment of Distal Femur Fractures
Authors: Seyhan Mustafa , Cakmak Selami , Donmez Ferdi , Gereli Arel 
Published: July 2013

Intramedullary nailing is one of the most convenient biological options for treating distal femoral fractures. Because the distal medulla of the femur is wider than the middle diaphysis and intramedullary nails cannot completely fill the intramedullary canal, intramedullary nailing of distal femoral fractures can be difficult when trying to obtain adequate reduction. Some different methods exist for achieving reduction. The purpose of this study was determine whether the use of blocking screws resolves varus or valgus and translation and recurvatum deformities, which can be encountered in antegrade and retrograde intramedullary nailing.
Thirty-four patients with distal femoral fractures underwent intramedullary nailing between January 2005 and June 2011. Fifteen patients treated by intramedullary nailing and blocking screws were included in the study. Six patients had distal diaphyseal fractures and 9 had distal diaphyseo-metaphyseal fractures. Antegrade nailing was performed in 7 patients and retrograde nailing was performed in 8. Reduction during surgery and union during follow-up were achieved in all patients with no significant complications. Mean follow-up was 26.6 months. Mean time to union was 12.6 weeks. The main purpose of using blocking screws is to achieve reduction, but they are also useful for maintaining permanent reduction. When inserting blocking screws, the screws must be placed 1 to 3 cm away from the fracture line to avoid from propagation of the fracture. When applied properly and in an adequate way, blocking screws provide an efficient solution for deformities encountered during intramedullary nailing of distal femur fractures.
Failure of a Modular Hip Implant at the Stem-Sleeve Interface
Authors: Mehran Nima , North Trevor , Laker Michael 
Published: July 2013

In the current era of total hip arthroplasty (THA), orthopedic surgeons have several fixation options at their disposal. The modern monoblock prosthesis, introduced by Dr. Sir John Charnley, has seen many modifications since its inception in the 1970s and continues to be the most commonly used prosthesis style for primary and revision THA. Proximal modular sleeve technology was introduced in 1967 by Konstantin Sivash, modifying his original 1956 Sivash Stem design. The design is now known as the S-ROM, and although design modifications continue to date, the fundamental structure of the S-ROM remains essentially unchanged. Several other proximal modular prostheses are now currently available for use in THA. Although this similarity in design enables considerable surgical flexibility, it also links their potential for catastrophic failure.
This aim of this article was to present a brief history of proximal modularity in THA and to add to the small body of literature regarding catastrophic failure in modular hip implants, including its proposed etiologies including micromotion, fretting and corrosion.
Photon Dose Calculation Method Based on Monte Carlo Finite-Size Pencil Beam Model in Accurate Radiotherapy
Authors: Zheng Huaqing , Sun Guangyao , Li Gui , Cao Ruifen , Pei Xi , Hu Liqin , Song Gang , Wu Yican 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis study mainly focused on the key technologies, the photon dose calculation based on the Monte Carlo Finite-Size Pencil Beam (MCFSPB) model in the Accurate Radiotherapy System (ARTS). In the MCFSPB model, the acquisition of pencil beam kernel is one of the most important technologies. In this study, by analyzing the demerits of the clinical pencil beam dose calculation methods, a new pencil beam kernel model was developed based on the Monte Carlo (MC) simulation and the technology of medical accelerator energy spectrum reconstruction. which greatly improved the accuracy of calculated result. According to the axial symmetry principle, only part of simulation results was used for the data of pencil beam kernel, which greatly reduced the data quantity of the pencil beam and reduced calculated time. Based on the above studies, the MCFSPB method was designed and implemented by the Visual C++ development tool. With several tests including the comparisons among the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) No. 55 Report sample and the ion chamber measurement of lung-simulating inhomogeneous phantom in clinical treatment plan, the results showed that the maximum error of most calculated point was less than 0.5% in the homogeneous phantom and less than 3% in the heterogeneous phantom. This method met the clinical criteria, and would be expected to be used as a fast and accurate dose engine for clinic TPS.
Pelger–huet anomaly and a mild skeletal phenotype secondary to mutations in LBR
Authors: Borovik Lior , Modaff Peggy , Waterham Hans R. , Krentz Anthony D. , Pauli Richard M. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe Lamin B receptor (LBR) gene has been described to encode a bifunctional protein. Mutations in the LBR gene can affect neutrophil segmentation and sterol reductase activity and have been associated with two different recognized clinical conditions, Pelger–Huet anomaly (PHA) and Greenberg skeletal dysplasia. PHA is a benign autosomal co‐dominant laminopathy resulting in bilobed neutrophil nuclei in heterozygotes, and unsegmented (ovoid) neutrophil nuclei in homozygotes. Some putative PHA homozygotes have been reported with minor skeletal malformations. Greenberg skeletal dysplasia is a severe autosomal recessive, perinatal lethal dwarfing disorder in which heterozygous carriers are usually without clinical manifestations. We here report a girl who has bilobed neutrophil nuclei and a mild skeletal dysplasia. Mutation analysis showed two novel mutations in the LBR gene: c.651_653 delinsTGATGAGAAA (p.Ile218Aspfs*19) and c.1757G > A (p.Arg586His). These mutations were found to be in trans, and, thus, she is a compound heterozygote. Sterol analysis found trace amounts of cholesta‐8,14‐dien‐3beta‐ol, which is normally undetected in healthy individuals. This and previously reported cases suggest that mutations in LBR can result in a continuum of phenotypic manifestations. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Restricted Rotation of σ‐Bonds through a Rigidified Donor Structure to Increase the ICT Ability of Platinum‐Acetylide‐Based DSSCs
Authors: Li Zhong‐Yu , Wu Wenjun , Zhang Qiong , Jin Bin , Hua Jianli , Yang Hai‐Bo , Tian He 
Published: July 2013

AbstractA series of new triarylamine‐based platinum‐acetylide complexes (WYs) have been designed and synthesized as new sensitizers for applications in dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). With the aim of investigating the effect of a rigidifying donor structure on the photoelectrical parameters of the corresponding DSSCs, two new sensitizers, WY1 and WY2, with rigid and coplanar fluorene units as an electron donor, were prepared. Moreover, two sensitizers that contained triphenylamine units as an electron donor, WY3 and WY4, were also synthesized for comparison. The photo‐ and electrochemical properties of all of these new complexes have been extensively explored. We found that the dimethyl‐fluorene unit exhibited a stronger electron‐donating ability and better photovoltaic performance compared to the triphenylamine unit, owing to its rigidifying structure, which restricted the rotation of σ bonds, thus increasing the conjugation efficiency. Furthermore, WY2, which contained a dimethyl‐fluorene unit as an electron donor and bithiophene as a π bridge, showed a relatively high open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of 640 mV and a PCE of 4.09 %. This work has not only expanded the choice of platinum‐acetylide sensitizers, but also demonstrates the advantages of restricted rotation of donor σ bonds for improved behavior of the corresponding DSSCs.
Optimal transit fare in a bimodal network under demand uncertainty and bounded rationality
Authors: Wei Wang , Huijun Sun , Zhiwei Wang , Jianjun Wu 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARYThis paper investigates the optimal transit fare in a simple bimodal transportation system that comprises public transport and private car. We consider two new factors: demand uncertainty and bounded rationality. With demand uncertainty, travelers are assumed to consider both the mean travel cost and travel cost variability in their mode choice decision. Under bounded rationality, travelers do not necessarily choose the travel mode of which perceived travel cost is absolutely lower than the one of the other mode. To determine the optimal transit fare, a bi‐level programming is proposed. The upper‐level objective function is to minimize the mean of total travel cost, whereas the lower‐level programming adopts the logit‐based model to describe users' mode choice behaviors. Then a heuristic algorithm based on a sensitivity analysis approach is designed to solve the bi‐level programming. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the effect of demand uncertainty and bounded rationality on the modal share, optimal transit fare and system performance. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.