bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The health diagnoses of homeless adolescents: A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Medlow Sharon , Klineberg Emily , Steinbeck Kate 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTBackgroundHomelessness during adolescence impacts negatively upon young people's physical and mental wellbeing. To be effective, programs aimed at addressing the health needs of this population must include knowledge of both the presenting and underlying acute and chronic conditions that characterise this high risk group of youth.MethodsWe undertook a systematic review of the international literature for studies that used validated instruments and techniques to diagnose prevalence rates of physical and mental health disorders in homeless adolescents.ResultsTwenty‐one studies fulfilled the selection criteria. Of these, nine studies examined mental health diagnoses including depression, post‐traumatic stress disorder, anxiety and substance abuse disorders. With one exception, the remaining twelve studies all related to sexually transmitted infections.ConclusionHomeless adolescents are diagnosed with widely varying rates of mental health disorders and high rates of sexually transmitted infection. Other likely chronic and acute physical conditions appear to be neglected in the published research.
ABOLITIONISM AND EVANGELICALISM: ISAAC NELSON, THE EVANGELICAL ALLIANCE, AND THE TRANSATLANTIC DEBATE OVER CHRISTIAN FELLOWSHIP WITH SLAVEHOLDERS
Authors: RITCHIE DANIEL 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTThis article seeks to illuminate significantly our understanding of the link between abolitionism and evangelicalism by considering the debate at the formation of the Evangelical Alliance in 1846 surrounding the propriety of Christian fellowship with slaveholders. The leading critic of the pro-slavery faction was the Revd Isaac Nelson, an orthodox Presbyterian minister from Belfast, Ireland. Nelson's importance to anti-slavery was recognized by abolitionists on both sides of the Atlantic at the time, but has not yet been adequately analysed by historians. Hence, this article will examine Nelson's role in the dispute with the defenders of the American slaveholders at the London meeting in 1846 and in further debates within the Alliance on the slavery question. The article will conclude by examining Nelson's claim that the Alliance was a failure owing to its alleged compromise on the slavery question.
THE INDUSTRIOUS REVOLUTION, THE INDUSTRIOUSNESS DISCOURSE, AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN ECONOMIES
Authors: LITVINE ALEXIS D. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTThe idea of industriousness has been an ever-recurring issue since Max Weber launched it as a putative explanation of the advent of economic modernity. The notion of ‘industrious revolution’ has provoked a renewed flourishing of publications focusing on this issue. Although most historians agree on the emergence of industriousness in seventeenth-century Europe, there is no consensus regarding the chronology, hence the real causes, of this mental and discursive shift. This article emphasizes the problematic role played by literary evidences in these social and cultural models of diffusion of new consumer values and desires. It then establishes the timing of the emergence of the ‘industriousness discourse’ using an original approach to diffusion based both on the quantitative analysis of very large corpora and a close reading of seventeenth-century economic pamphlets and educational literature. It concludes first that there was not one but several competing discourses on industriousness. It then identifies two crucial hinges which closely match the chronology proposed by Allen and Muldrew, but refutes that championed by de Vries and McCloskey. The industrious revolution as described by these authors would have happened both too late to fit its intellectual roots and too early to signal the beginning of a ‘consumer revolution’.
Erythema multiforme after orf virus infection: a report of two cases and literature review
Authors: JOSEPH R. H. , HADDAD F. A. , MATTHEWS A. L. , MAROUFI A. , MONROE B. , REYNOLDS M. 
Published: May 2014

SUMMARYOrf virus has a worldwide distribution among sheep and goats. The hypersensitivity reaction erythema multiforme (EM) is a known complication of orf infection in humans; however, its occurrence is poorly understood and has not been extensively reviewed. We present two unrelated cases of orf-associated EM, and a review of the literature, highlighting important clinical, epidemiological and immunological aspects of this condition. Orf and its associated complications can occur in rural areas, as well as urban settings, where it is less well-known, through religious or cultural practices involving animal slaughter. Obtaining a history of animal exposures from patients with lesions suspicious for orf and secondary skin eruptions can guide diagnosis and identification of the inciting immune stimulus. Determining the pathophysiology and relative contribution of host and viral factors contributing to EM and other orf-associated hypersensitivity reactions could facilitate the identification of risk factors and inform treatment decisions.
Impact of peer counselling breast-feeding support programme protocols on any and exclusive breast-feeding discontinuation in low-income women
Authors: Rozga Mary R , Kerver Jean M , Olson Beth H 
Published: May 2014

AbstractObjectivePeer counselling (PC) programmes have been shown to improve breast-feeding outcomes in populations at risk for early discontinuation. Our objective was to describe associations between programme components (individual and combinations) and breast-feeding outcomes (duration and exclusivity) in a PC programme for low-income women.DesignSecondary analysis of programme data. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine associations between type and quantity of peer contacts with breast-feeding outcomes. Types of contacts included in-person (hospital or home), phone or other (e.g. mail, text). Quantities of contacts were considered ‘optimal’ if they adhered to standard programme guidelines.SettingProgramme data collected from 2005 to 2011 in Michigan’s Breastfeeding Initiative Peer Counseling Program.SubjectsLow-income (n 5886) women enrolled prenatally.ResultsFor each additional home, phone and other PC contact there was a significant reduction in the hazard of discontinuing any breast-feeding by 6 months (hazard ratio (HR)=0·90 (95 % CI 0·88, 0·92); HR=0·89 (95 % CI 0·87, 0·90); and HR=0·93 (95 % CI 0·90, 0·96), respectively) and exclusive breast-feeding by 3 months (HR=0·92 (95 % CI 0·89, 0·95); HR=0·90 (95 % CI 0·88, 0·91); and HR=0·93 (95 % CI 0·89, 0·97), respectively). Participants receiving greater than optimal in-person and less than optimal phone contacts had a reduced hazard of any and exclusive breast-feeding discontinuation compared with those who were considered to have optimum quantities of contacts (HR=0·17 (95 % CI 0·14, 0·20) and HR=0·28 (95 % CI 0·23, 0·35), respectively).ConclusionsSpecific components of a large PC programme appeared to have an appreciable impact on breast-feeding outcomes. In-person contacts were essential to improving breast-feeding outcomes, but defining optimal programme components is complex.
Adherence to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet in relation to obesity among Iranian female nurses
Authors: Barak Farzaneh , Falahi Ebrahim , Keshteli Ammar Hassanzadeh , Yazdannik Ahmadreza , Esmaillzadeh Ahmad 
Published: May 2014

AbstractObjectiveLimited observational studies have considered habitual consumption of the general population to examine the relationship between the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet and obesity. The aim of the present study was to investigate adherence to the DASH diet in relation to general and central obesity among female nurses in Isfahan, Iran.DesignCross-sectional study carried out among 293 female nurses aged >30 years who were selected by a multistage, cluster random sampling method. Usual dietary intakes were assessed using a validated FFQ. We constructed the DASH score based on foods and nutrients emphasized or minimized in the DASH diet, focusing on eight components: high intake of fruits, vegetables, nuts and legumes, low-fat dairy products and whole grains and low intakes of sodium, sweetened beverages, and red and processed meats. General and abdominal obesity were defined as BMI ≥25 kg/m2 and waist circumference ≥88 cm, respectively.SettingIsfahan, Iran.SubjectsFemale nurses (n 293) aged >30 years.ResultsIncreased adherence to the DASH diet was associated with older age (P<0·01) and lower waist circumference (P=0·04). There was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of general obesity between extreme quartiles of the DASH diet score. After adjustment for age, energy intake and other confounding factors, DASH diet score was not significantly associated with obesity. However, with further controlling for other dietary factors, those in the highest quartile of DASH diet score were 71 % less likely to have general obesity compared with those in the lowest quartile. In addition, following a DASH diet was inversely associated with central obesity after adjustment for potential confounders (OR=0·37; 95 % CI 0·14, 0·96).ConclusionsWe found that adherence to the DASH diet was inversely related to central obesity among Iranian adult females. This association remained significant even after adjustment for potential confounders.
Optimistic and Defensive-Pessimist Students: Differences in their Academic Motivation and Learning Strategies
Authors: Suárez Riveiro José Manuel 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIn addition to cognitive and behavioral strategies, students can also use affective-motivational strategies to facilitate their learning process. In this way, the strategies of defensive-pessimism and generation of positive expectations have been widely related to conceptual models of pessimism-optimism. The aim of this study was to describe the use of these strategies in 1753 secondary school students, and to study the motivational and strategic characteristics which differentiated between the student typologies identified as a result of their use. The results indicated a higher use of the generation of positive expectations strategy (optimism) (M= 3.40,SD= .78) than the use of the defensive pessimism strategy (M= 3.00,SD= .78); a positive and significant correlation between the two strategies (r= .372,p= .001); their relationship with adequate academic motivation and with the use of learning strategies. Furthermore, four student typologies were identified based on the use of both strategies. Lastly, we propose a new approach for future work in this line of research.
Auditory Implicit Semantic Priming in Spanish-Speaking Children with
and without Specific Language Impairment
Authors: Girbau Dolors 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWe analyzed whether Spanish-speaking children with Specific Language Impairment
(SLI) showed deficits in lexical-semantic processing/organization, and whether
these lexical measures correlated with standardized measures of language
abilities. Fourteen children with Typical Language Development (TLD) and 16
age-matched children with SLI (8;0–9;11 years) participated. In a
Lexical Decision (LD) task with implicit semantic priming, children judged
whether a given speech pair contained two words (semantically related/unrelated)
or a word-pseudoword. Children received a comprehensive language and reading
test battery. Children with TLD exhibited significant semantic priming; they
were faster for semantically related word pairs than for unrelated
(p < .001) and than for word-pseudoword pairs
(p < .0002). The group with SLI did not exhibit
significant semantic priming, despite showing more variability. Children with
SLI made significantly slower LDs [F(1, 26) = 4.61,
p < .05, partial η2
= .15] and more errors [F(1, 26) = 4.16,
p < .05, partial η2
= .13] than children with TLD. Mean response time across all LD
conditions and the receptive vocabulary (PPVT-III) were significantly negativity
correlated for children with SLI (r =
–.71, p = .004). Children with SLI,
especially those with the poorest language scores, showed a semantic-lexical
deficit and a weakness in lexical-semantic association networks. Their
performance on the LD task was significantly slower and poorer than for children
with TLD. Increasing a child’s vocabulary may benefit lexical
access.
EphrinB3 blocks EphB3 dependence receptor functions to prevent cell death following traumatic brain injury
Authors: Theus M H , Ricard J , Glass S J , Travieso L G , Liebl D J 
Published: May 2014

AbstractEph receptor tyrosine kinases and their membrane-bound ligands, ephrins, have a variety of roles in the developing and adult central nervous system that require direct cell–cell interactions; including regulating axon path finding, cell proliferation, migration and synaptic plasticity. Recently, we identified a novel pro-survival role for ephrins in the adult subventricular zone, where ephrinB3 blocks Eph-mediated cell death during adult neurogenesis. Here, we examined whether EphB3 mediates cell death in the adult forebrain following traumatic brain injury and whether ephrinB3 infusion could limit this effect. We show that EphB3 co-labels with microtubule-associated protein 2-positive neurons in the adult cortex and is closely associated with ephrinB3 ligand, which is reduced following controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury. In the complete absence of EphB3 (EphB3−/−), we observed reduced terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL), and functional improvements in motor deficits after CCI injury as compared with wild-type and ephrinB3−/− mice. We also demonstrated that EphB3 exhibits dependence receptor characteristics as it is cleaved by caspases and induces cell death, which is not observed in the presence of ephrinB3. Following trauma, infusion of pre-clustered ephrinB3-Fc molecules (eB3-Fc) into the contralateral ventricle reduced cortical infarct volume and TUNEL staining in the cortex, dentate gyrus and CA3 hippocampus of wild-type and ephrinB3−/− mice, but not EphB3−/− mice. Similarly, application of eB3-Fc improved motor functions after CCI injury. We conclude that EphB3 mediates cell death in the adult cortex through a novel dependence receptor-mediated cell death mechanism in the injured adult cortex and is attenuated following ephrinB3 stimulation.
Quantum speed limit for arbitrary initial states
Authors: Zhang Ying-Jie , Han Wei , Xia Yun-Jie , Cao Jun-Peng , Fan Heng 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe minimal time a system needs to evolve from an initial state to its one orthogonal state is defined as the quantum speed limit time, which can be used to characterize the maximal speed of evolution of a quantum system. This is a fundamental question of quantum physics. We investigate the generic bound on the minimal evolution time of the open dynamical quantum system. This quantum speed limit time is applicable to both mixed and pure initial states. We then apply this result to the damped Jaynes-Cummings model and the Ohimc-like dephasing model starting from a general time-evolution state. The bound of this time-dependent state at any point in time can be found. For the damped Jaynes-Cummings model, when the system starts from the excited state, the corresponding bound first decreases and then increases in the Markovian dynamics. While in the non-Markovian regime, the speed limit time shows an interesting periodic oscillatory behavior. For the case of Ohimc-like dephasing model, this bound would be gradually trapped to a fixed value. In addition, the roles of the relativistic effects on the speed limit time for the observer in non-inertial frames are discussed.
Gap States Assisted MoO3 Nanobelt Photodetector with Wide Spectrum Response
Authors: Xiang Du , Han Cheng , Zhang Jialin , Chen Wei 
Published: May 2014

AbstractMolybdenum oxides have been widely investigated for their broad applications ranging from electronics to energy storage. Photodetectors based on molybdenum trioxide (MoO3), however, were seldom reported owing to their low conductivity and weak photoresponse. Herein we report a photodetector based on single MoO3 nanobelt with wide visible spectrum response by introducing substantial gap states via H2 annealing. The pristine MoO3 nanobelt possessed low electrical conductance and no photoresponse for nearly all visible lights. The H2 annealing can significantly improve the conductance of MoO3 nanobelt and result in a good photodetector with wide visible spectrum response. Under illumination of 680 nm light, the photodetector exhibited high responsivity of ~56 A/W and external quantum efficiency of ~10200%. As corroborated by in situ ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy investigations, such strong wide spectrum photoresponse arises from the largely enriched gap states in the MoO3 nanobelt after H2 annealing.
Temporal Resolution With a Prescriptive Fitting Formula
Authors: Brennan Marc A. , Gallun Frederick J. , Souza Pamela E. , Stecker G. Christopher 
Published: May 2014

PurposeAuthors of previous work using laboratory-based paradigms documented that wide dynamic range compression (WDRC) may improve gap detection compared to linear amplification. The purpose of this study was to measure temporal resolution using WDRC fit with compression ratios set for each listener's hearing loss.MethodNineteen adults with mild-to-moderate hearing loss fitted with WDRC or linear amplification set to a prescriptive fitting method participated in this study. Subjects detected amplitude modulations and gaps. Two types of noise carrier were used: narrowband (1995–2005 Hz) and broadband (100–8000 Hz).ResultsSmall differences between WDRC and linear amplification were observed in the measures of temporal resolution. Modulation detection thresholds worsened by a mean of 0.7 dB with WDRC compared to linear amplification. This reduction was observed for both carrier types. Gap detection thresholds did not differ between the 2 amplification conditions.ConclusionsWDRC set using a prescriptive fitting method with individualized compression ratios had a small but statistically significant effect on measures of modulation thresholds. Differences were not observed between the two amplification conditions for the measures of gap detection. These findings contrast with previous work using fixed compression ratios, suggesting that the effect of the fitting method on the compression ratio should be considered when attempting to generalize the effect of WDRC on temporal resolution to the clinical setting.
Left Lateralized Enhancement of Orofacial Somatosensory Processing Due to Speech Sounds
Authors: Ito Takayuki , Johns Alexis R. , Ostry David J. 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
Somatosensory information associated with speech articulatory movements affects the perception of speech sounds and vice versa, suggesting an intimate linkage between speech production and perception systems. However, it is unclear which cortical processes are involved in the interaction between speech sounds and orofacial somatosensory inputs. The authors examined whether speech sounds modify orofacial somatosensory cortical potentials that were elicited using facial skin perturbations.

Method
Somatosensory event-related potentials in EEG were recorded in 3 background sound conditions (pink noise, speech sounds, and nonspeech sounds) and also in a silent condition. Facial skin deformations that are similar in timing and duration to those experienced in speech production were used for somatosensory stimulation.

Results
The authors found that speech sounds reliably enhanced the first negative peak of the somatosensory event-related potential when compared with the other 3 sound conditions. The enhancement was evident at electrode locations above the left motor and premotor area of the orofacial system. The result indicates that speech sounds interact with somatosensory cortical processes that are produced by speech-production-like patterns of facial skin stretch.

Conclusion
Neural circuits in the left hemisphere, presumably in left motor and premotor cortex, may play a prominent role in the interaction between auditory inputs and speech-relevant somatosensory processing.
Development and Validation of the Tinnitus Primary Function Questionnaire
Authors: Tyler Richard , Ji Haihong , Perreau Ann , Witt Shelley , Noble William , Coelho Claudia 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
To create a questionnaire focused on the primary activities impaired by tinnitus and therefore more sensitive to treatments.

Method
Questions were developed on (a) emotions, (b) hearing, (c) sleep, and (d) concentration. A 20-item questionnaire was administered to 158 patients. First, confirmatory factor analysis was used to select 3 questions per domain. Second, factor analysis was used to evaluate the appropriateness of the 12-item questionnaire.

Results

The analysis indicated that the selected questions successfully represented 4 independent domains. Scores were correlated with the Tinnitus Handicap Questionnaire (
r
= .77,
p
< .01) and loudness (
r
= .40,
p
< .01). The Sleep subscale correlated with the Pittsburgh Sleep Index (
r
= .68,
p
< .01); the Emotion subscale correlated with the Beck Inventory (
r
= .66,
p
< .01) and the Trait Anxiety questionnaire (
r
= .67,
p
< .01). The average scores went from 51% to 38% following treatment.

Conclusion
The Tinnitus Primary Function Questionnaire is valid, reliable, and sensitive and can be used to determine the efficacy of clinical trials.
Effects of Policy Changes to Universal Newborn Hearing Screening Follow-Up in a University Clinic
Authors: Krishnan Lata A. , Van Hyfte Shannon 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of policy changes on loss to follow-up rates and the ability to achieve the goals of the American Academy of Pediatrics Joint Committee on Infant Hearing Screening (2007) for diagnosis of hearing loss by 3 months, amplification within 1 month of diagnosis, and start of intervention by 6 months.

Method
From the files of 111 infants, data were extracted on the following: date of birth, birth hospital, hometown, parents' ages, ethnicity, nursery status, medical history, age at initial evaluation and diagnosis, results of evaluation(s), and age at hearing aid fitting and start of early intervention. Data were compared with previously published data from the clinic (Krishnan, 2009).

Results
Policy changes led to a decrease in loss to follow-up and a younger age at diagnosis of hearing loss. Infants identified with hearing loss were fit with amplification at younger ages but not within 1 month of diagnosis of hearing loss. Policy changes had positive outcomes on loss to follow-up and age of diagnosis and amplification.

Conclusions
Challenges remain in meeting the goals of amplification within 1 month of diagnosis and documenting the start of early intervention. Improved communication between and education of all parties involved in the care of infants is needed.
Low quiescent current linear regulator using combination structure of bandgap and error amplifier
Authors: Du Han‐Xiao , Lai Xin‐Quan , Liu Cong , Chi Yuan 
Published: May 2014

A low quiescent current low dropout linear regulator (LDR) with a combination structure of a bandgap and an error amplifier is presented. The circuitry is achieved with a combined structure which is able to obtain a lower quiescent current, because the current for the specific bandgap reference can be omitted. The transient response enhancement circuit can activate an additional path to control the gate voltage of the pass device which assists in monitoring the variation in the output voltage in the steady state. According to restrictions of the process and the product requirements, this proposed LDR is implemented with high‐voltage tolerance double‐diffused MOS (DMOS) in a 0.6 μm BCD process. The LDR has a quiescent current of 3 μA and is able to deliver a 50 mA load current.