bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronic Neck Pain: Making the Connection Between Capsular Ligament Laxity and Cervical Instability
Authors: Steilen Danielle , Hauser Ross , Woldin Barbara , Sawyer Sarah 
Published: October 2014

The use of conventional modalities for chronic neck pain remains debatable, primarily because most treatments have had limited success. We conducted a review of the literature published up to December 2013 on the diagnostic and treatment modalities of disorders related to chronic neck pain and concluded that, despite providing temporary relief of symptoms, these treatments do not address the specific problems of healing and are not likely to offer long-term cures. The objectives of this narrative review are to provide an overview of chronic neck pain as it relates to cervical instability, to describe the anatomical features of the cervical spine and the impact of capsular ligament laxity, to discuss the disorders causing chronic neck pain and their current treatments, and lastly, to present prolotherapy as a viable treatment option that heals injured ligaments, restores stability to the spine, and resolves chronic neck pain.The capsular ligaments are the main stabilizing structures of the facet joints in the cervical spine and have been implicated as a major source of chronic neck pain. Chronic neck pain often reflects a state of instability in the cervical spine and is a symptom common to a number of conditions described herein, including disc herniation, cervical spondylosis, whiplash injury and whiplash associated disorder, postconcussion syndrome, vertebrobasilar insufficiency, and Barré-Liéou syndrome.When the capsular ligaments are injured, they become elongated and exhibit laxity, which causes excessive movement of the cervical vertebrae. In the upper cervical spine (C0-C2), this can cause a number of other symptoms including, but not limited to, nerve irritation and vertebrobasilar insufficiency with associated vertigo, tinnitus, dizziness, facial pain, arm pain, and migraine headaches. In the lower cervical spine (C3-C7), this can cause muscle spasms, crepitation, and/or paresthesia in addition to chronic neck pain. In either case, the presence of excessive motion between two adjacent cervical vertebrae and these associated symptoms is described as cervical instability.Therefore, we propose that in many cases of chronic neck pain, the cause may be underlying joint instability due to capsular ligament laxity. Currently, curative treatment options for this type of cervical instability are inconclusive and inadequate. Based on clinical studies and experience with patients who have visited our chronic pain clinic with complaints of chronic neck pain, we contend that prolotherapy offers a potentially curative treatment option for chronic neck pain related to capsular ligament laxity and underlying cervical instability.
Male Circumcision and HIV Transmission; What Do We Know?
Authors: Jayathunge Parana H.M , McBride William J.H , MacLaren David , Kaldor John , Vallely Andrew , Turville Stuart 
Published: October 2014

Male circumcision (MC) has been shown to be protective against heterosexual HIV transmission and is being explored in some parts of the world as a means of combating the epidemic. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that MC be considered as an important component of HIV prevention in high prevalence settings.
We review evidence that demonstrates that the inner foreskin is likely to be the main portal of entry for the HIV virus in males. Whether removal of the inner foreskin accounts for all the protection afforded by circumcision is yet to be established.
The proposed mechanisms of protection range from inherent immunohistological factors of foreskin such as difference in thickness of keratin layer and density of target cells for HIV between inner and outer foreskin to physiological mechanisms that follow male circumcision such as drying of secretions underneath foreskin after sexual intercourse, loss of microbiome that attract target cells to the genital mucosa and lack of priming the genital mucosa with less abundant sexual transmitted infections among circumcised men.
The aim of this review is to give an updated account on the mechanisms proposed so far on the demonstrated 50-70% protection from HIV transmission through heterosexual intercourse, by male circumcision.
Determinants of Parenting Styles of Japanese Fathers and Mothers with Children Aged 0 to 10: Perceived Parenting During Childhood or
Dysphoric Mood?
Authors: Kitamura Toshinori , Uji Masayo , Chen Zi , Murakami Mikihiko , Goto Yoshitaka 
Published: October 2014

Purpose: To study the determinants of current parenting styles in Japan.
Methods: Fathers (n = 312) and mothers (n = 333) of children aged between 0 and 10 attending a paediatric clinic were
evaluated with regards to the following: parental attitudes rated by spouses using the Parental Bonding Instrument, current
dysphoric mood assessed with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, life time history of Major Depressive Episode
(MDE), and perceived parenting styles when the parents themselves were children.
Results: Path models showed that current parenting styles were predicted by parents perception of maternal rearing during
childhood. Moreover, in mothers only, they were predicted by the manner in which the women were raised by their
fathers. This prediction was indirect, occurring via lifetime history of MDE and current dysphoric mood.
Conclusion: This study suggests that the way in which parents themselves were raised was no less important than how
they currently felt in determining how they were raising their child. Current dysphoric mood or lifetime history of MDE
mediated such effects only among mothers.
Evaluation of selected postural parameters in children who practice kyokushin karate
Authors: Drzał-Grabiec Justyna , Truszczyńska Aleksandra 
Published: October 2014

Summary
Study aim: martial arts can be traced back thousands of years. Karate is one of the most common martial arts, and both children and adults practice it. The aim of the study was to evaluate selected body posture parameters in children aged 7–10 years who regularly practice karate.

Material and method: the study population (Group I) consisted of 50 children aged 7–10 years, mean age 8.1 ± 1.5 years, who had been practicing karate more than two years. The control group consisted of 50 children of the same age (Group II). Body posture was assessed with photogrammetric method based on the phenomenon of the projective moiré pattern, using CQ Elektronik equipment.

Results: on the basis of analysis of the inclination of the thoracolumbar section of the spine in both the study population and the control group, a statistically significant difference was found. Analysis revealed a statistically significant difference between the SIT parameter measurements of the two groups (p < 0.05). There is a similar difference regarding the measurements of depth of thoracic kyphosis and depth of lumbar lordosis (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively). Analysis also revealed a statistically significant difference between the mean shoulder line inclination angle parameter measurements for the two groups of children (p < 0.01).

Conclusion: karate training children had a significant deepening of physiological thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis. The body posture in karate training children is characterised by a greater angle of thoracolumbar region and a smaller shoulder asymmetry.
Efficacy of the McKenzie Method in Patients With Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain: A Protocol of Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Garcia Alessandra Narciso , Costa Lucíola da Cunha Menezes , Hancock Mark J. , de Almeida Matheus Oliveira , de Souza Fabrício Soares , Costa Leonardo Oliveira Pena 
Published: October 2014

Background
The McKenzie method is widely used as an active intervention in the treatment of patients with nonspecific low back pain. Although the McKenzie method has been compared with several other interventions, it is not yet known whether this method is superior to placebo in patients with chronic low back pain.

Objective
The purpose of this trial is to assess the efficacy of the McKenzie method in patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain.

Design
An assessor-blinded, 2-arm, randomized placebo-controlled trial will be conducted.

Setting
This study will be conducted in physical therapy clinics in São Paulo, Brazil.

Participants
The participants will be 148 patients seeking care for chronic nonspecific low back pain.

Intervention
Participants will be randomly allocated to 1 of 2 treatment groups: (1) McKenzie method or (2) placebo therapy (detuned ultrasound and shortwave therapy). Each group will receive 10 sessions of 30 minutes each (2 sessions per week over 5 weeks).

Measurements
The clinical outcomes will be obtained at the completion of treatment (5 weeks) and at 3, 6, and 12 months after randomization. The primary outcomes will be pain intensity (measured with the Pain Numerical Rating Scale) and disability (measured with the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire) at the completion of treatment. The secondary outcomes will be pain intensity; disability and function; kinesiophobia and global perceived effect at 3, 6, and 12 months after randomization; and kinesiophobia and global perceived effect at completion of treatment. The data will be collected by a blinded assessor.

Limitations
Therapists will not be blinded.

Conclusions
This will be the first trial to compare the McKenzie method with placebo therapy in patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain. The results of this study will contribute to better management of this population.
Location of cation impurities in NGRIP deep ice revealed by cryo-cell UV-laser-ablation ICPMS
Authors: Della Lunga Damiano , Müller Wolfgang , Rasmussen Sune Olander , Svensson Anders 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIn polar ice sheets, the average grain size varies with depth. Ice grain size increases due to several factors including ice temperature and impurity content, which in turn varies with climate. The effect of impurities on grain growth is thought to be crucial but has never been observed experimentally. Using a methodology recently developed at Royal Holloway University of London, in situ chemical analysis of frozen ice at sub-ppm concentrations with unprecedented spatial resolution (~150 μm) is achievable using ultraviolet laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (UV-LA-ICPMS) featuring a two-volume cryo-LA-cell. Following surface cleaning with a custom-built vice equipped with a ceramic blade, NGRIP ice slabs (~86 ka before AD 2000) have been analysed using a series of one-dimensional profiles and two-dimensional maps of laser spots at a resolution of 200–300 μm. Results demonstrate that cation impurities are not uniformly distributed in ice layers and show significant variations in concentration on a sub-millimetre scale. Furthermore, a different pattern of elemental distribution between clear ice and layers enriched in impurities (cloudy bands) has been identified: while concentration differences for cloudy bands are not resolvable between boundaries and inner grain domains, within clear ice, grain boundaries and junctions are significantly (up to 100 times) impurity-enriched relative to corresponding grain interiors.
Assessing Cultural Impact: Film4, Canon Formation and Forgotten Films
Authors: Mayne Laura 
Published: October 2014

For over 30 years Channel 4 has supported more than 400 feature films through its production arm, Film4. However, despite the scale and variety of this contribution to British cinema, only a handful of these productions are regularly cited in print media and academic texts as being representative of the Film4 catalogue and/or influential in British film culture generally. This article will look at the creation of top films lists as a case of canon formation, and the ways in which the Film4 canon in particular continues to be shaped and contested, not only by critics, academics and cultural institutions, but by Channel 4 itself. It draws upon the work of Janet Staiger (1985) on canon formation and of Joseph Lampel and Shivasharan Nadavulakere (2009) on retrospective consecration in order to consider the processes by which certain films are more likely to appear in critics' best films lists. Bearing in mind that the brand identity of Film4 depends also on Channel 4's own promotional activities, the article will go on to examine two case studies of Film4 anniversary seasons in order to assess the part that scheduling plays in constructing the channel's own representations of its contribution to British cinema. Finally, after exploring some of the reasons why certain films are remembered (and why others are forgotten), attention will turn to the ways in which certain forgotten films can be re-presented in DVD and video-on-demand markets. This reveals the extent to which commercial factors are also determinants in the processes of canon formation and can impinge upon the attribution of cultural value.
Film4, Freeview and Public Service Broadcasting: Screening Films on British Television in the Multi-channel Era
Authors: Keene Rachael 
Published: October 2014

This article analyses the shift in programming policy that took place when Channel 4's specialist subscription channel FilmFour was relaunched as Film4 on the Freeview digital terrestrial television platform in 2006. Adopting a similar survey approach to Hannah Andrews (2012), this article examines new data sources tracking patterns in programming and scheduling practices in order to interrogate the nationality, age and genre of films screened on both channels between 1998 and 2011. The changing character of film programming during this period is shown to relate, in part, to increased commercial pressures brought about by the rapidly evolving multi-channel landscape. But while commercial imperatives were indeed a key factor in this evolution, Film4's scheduling strategies are also shown to be a product of the broadcaster's desire to reassert its public service identity in the Freeview era. Bibliographical addition: Andrews, H. (2012), ‘Public Service Broadcasters and British Cinema, 1990–2010’. Unpublished doctoral thesis, University of Warwick.
Paramagnetic cellulose DNA isolation improves DNA yield and quality among diverse plant taxa
Authors: Moeller Jackson R. , Moehn Nicholas R. , Waller Donald M. , Givnish Thomas J. 
Published: October 2014

• Premise of the study: The chemical diversity of land plants ensures that no single DNA isolation method results in high yield and purity with little effort for all species. Here we evaluate a new technique originally developed for forensic science, based on MagnaCel paramagnetic cellulose particles (PMC), to determine its efficacy in extracting DNA from 25 plant species representing 21 families and 15 orders.• Methods and Results: Yield and purity of DNA isolated by PMC, DNeasy Plant Mini Kit (silica column), and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) methods were compared among four individuals for each of 25 plant species. PMC gave a twofold advantage in average yield, and the relative advantage of the PMC method was greatest for samples with the lowest DNA yields. PMC also produced more consistent sample purity based on absorbance ratios at 260:280 and 260:230 nm.• Conclusions: PMC technology is a promising alternative for plant DNA isolation.
Naproxen Effects on Brain Response to Painful Pressure Stimulation in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Single-dose Study
Authors: Giménez Mónica , Pujol Jesús , Ali Zahid , López-Solà Marina , Contreras-Rodríguez Oren , Deus Joan , Ortiz Héctor , Soriano-Mas Carles , Llorente-Onaindia Jone , Monfort Jordi 
Published: October 2014

Objective.The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of naproxen, an antiinflammatory analgesic drug, on brain response to painful stimulation on the affected knee in chronic osteoarthritis (OA) using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study.Methods.A sample of 25 patients with knee OA received naproxen (500 mg), placebo, or no treatment in 3 separate sessions in a randomized manner. Pressure stimulation was applied to the medial articular interline of the knee during the fMRI pain sequence. We evaluated subjective pain ratings at every session and their association with brain responses to pain. An fMRI control paradigm was included to discard global brain vascular effects of naproxen.Results.We found brain activation reductions under naproxen compared to no treatment in different cortical and subcortical core pain processing regions (p ≤ 0.001). Compared to placebo, naproxen triggered an attenuation of amygdala activation (p = 0.001). Placebo extended its attenuation effects beyond the classical pain processing network (p ≤ 0.001). Subjective pain scores during the fMRI painful task differed between naproxen and no treatment (p = 0.037). Activation attenuation under naproxen in different regions (i.e., ventral brain, cingulate gyrus) was accompanied by an improvement in the subjective pain complaints (p ≤ 0.002).Conclusion.Naproxen effectively reduces pain-related brain responses involving different regions and the attenuation is related to subjective pain changes. Our current work yields further support to the utility of fMRI to objectify the acute analgesic effects of a single naproxen dose in patients affected by knee OA. The trial was registered at the EuropeanClinicalTrials Database, “EudraCT Number 2008-004501-33”.
Genome wide Gene Expression Analysis of the Posterior Capsule in Patients with Osteoarthritis and Knee Flexion Contracture
Authors: Campbell Thomas Mark , Trudel Guy , Wong Kayleigh Kristin , Laneuville Odette 
Published: October 2014

Objective.Knee flexion contractures (KFC) are limitations in the ability to fully extend the knee joint. In people with knee osteoarthritis (OA), KFC are common, impair function, and worsen outcomes after arthroplasty. In KFC, the posterior knee capsule is believed to play a key role, but the pathophysiology remains poorly understood. We sought to identify gene expression differences in the posterior knee capsule of patients with OA with and without KFC.Methods.Capsule tissue was obtained from the knees of 12 subjects diagnosed with advanced-stage OA at the time of knee arthroplasty surgery. The presence or absence of KFC allocated patients into 2 groups using a case-control design. Genomewide capsular gene expression was compared between the 2 patient groups. Confirmation of differential expression of the corresponding proteins was performed by immunohistochemistry on tissue sections.Results.There were no significant demographic differences between the patients with OA with KFC and without KFC save for reduced extension in their surgical knee (p < 0.01). KFC patients showed a 6.4-fold decrease inCSN1S1(p = 0.017) gene expression and a 3.7-, 2.0-, and 2.6-fold increase inCHAD,Sox9, andCyr61gene expression, respectively (p = 0.001, 0.004, 0.001, respectively). There were corresponding increases in protein levels for chondroadherin, sex determining region Y-box 9, and casein alphaS1(all p < 0.05). Functional analysis of the differentially expressed genes indicated a strong association with pathways related to the extracellular matrix and to tissue fibrosis.Conclusion.Posterior capsules in endstage OA knees with KFC exhibited differential expression of 4 genes all previously documented to be associated with tissue fibrosis.
Serum S100A12 May Be a Useful Biomarker of Disease Activity in Adult-onset Still’s Disease
Authors: Bae Chang-Bum , Suh Chang-Hee , An Jeong-Mi , Jung Ju-Yang , Jeon Ja-Young , Nam Jin-Young , Kim Hyoun-Ah 
Published: October 2014

Objective.S100A12 and soluble receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (sRAGE) have been suggested as biomarkers of disease activity in patients with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis. We investigated the clinical significance of these markers in adult-onset Still’s disease (AOSD).Methods.Blood samples were collected from 37 patients with active AOSD and 38 healthy controls (HC). Of the patients with AOSD, followup samples were collected from 19 patients after resolution of disease activity.Results.Serum S100A12 (547.9 ± 148.4 ng/ml) in patients with AOSD was higher than those of HC (272.3 ± 133 ng/ml, p < 0.001). The sRAGE levels of AOSD (514.1 ± 273.6 pg/ml) were lower than those of HC (850.3 ± 405.8 pg/ml, p < 0.001). Serum S100A12 correlated with serum sRAGE (r = −0.228, p = 0.049). Serum S100A12 correlated with erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin, and systemic score, whereas sRAGE did not correlate with any disease activity markers. In addition, the level of S100A12 was decreased after disease activity was resolved in followed-up patients with AOSD (505.7 ± 161.3 ng/ml vs 361.3 ± 162.5 ng/ml, p = 0.01). Further, the change of S100A12 was well correlated with that of ESR, CRP, and systemic score.Conclusion.S100A12 levels showed strong correlations with known disease activity markers such as ESR, CRP, ferritin, and systemic score. In the followup patients with AOSD, most patients showed decreased S100A12 levels after resolution of disease activity. These results suggest that serum S100A12 can be a reliable clinical marker for monitoring disease activity and treatment response.
Clinical Manifestations and Longterm Outcome for Patients with Takayasu Arteritis in China
Authors: Yang Lirui , Zhang Huimin , Jiang Xiongjing , Zou Yubao , Qin Fang , Song Lei , Guan Ting , Wu Haiying , Xu Lianjun , Liu Yaxin , Zhou Xianliang , Bian Jin , Hui Rutai , Zheng Deyu 
Published: October 2014

Objective.To describe a large cohort of patients with Takayasu arteritis in China.Methods.We retrospectively analyzed 566 patients hospitalized in Fuwai Hospital between 2002 and 2013. Data collected were clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, angiographic features, treatment, and longterm outcome.Results.The female to male ratio was 3.8 to 1, and the mean age of onset was 28.9 ± 12.0 years. The most common inflammatory symptom, initial symptom, and coexisting disease were fever (52, 9.2%), dizziness (214, 37.8%), and hypertension (HTN; 392, 69.3%), respectively. Pulmonary artery, coronary artery involvement, and aortic regurgitation were found in 83 (14.7%), 66 (11.7%), and 181 (36.7%) patients, respectively. Elevation of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate was observed in 131 patients (23.1%). Treatment included drugs, interventional therapy, autologous blood vessel transplant, artificial blood vessel transplant, and aortic valve replacement. During a mean followup of 5.0 ± 0.2 years, 32 patients died, including 1 patient who died suddenly during coronary angiography. HTN, major complications, and a progressive disease course were significant prognostic markers.Conclusion.HTN, rather than fever, is the leading reason for patients with Takayasu arteritis to see a doctor in China. HTN, major complications, and a progressive disease course are statistically significant predictors of survival. Because of cardiovascular events associated with the disease, early diagnosis and treatment are urgent to improve prognosis.
L'Iran et l'Afrique : une coopération à l'épreuve des faits
Authors: Bouba Nouhou Alhadji 
Published: October 2014

L’accord conclu le 24 novembre 2013 à Genève entre l’Iran et le groupe « 5+1 » (France, Russie, Grande-Bretagne, Etats-Unis, Chine et Allemagne) sur la levée progressive des sanctions contre Téhéran est perçu comme de bon augure par l’Afrique. Cependant, si la coopération irano-africaine a été sérieusement affectée par les sanctions, peut-elle pour autant retrouver sa référence de base construite sur la solidarité tiers-mondiste et sur une perception binaire « opprimés » versus « oppresseurs » ? Quelle sera la réaction des Etats du Golfe, dont certains, comme l’Arabie saoudite, restent opposés à toute offensive diplomatique de la part de l’Iran ?