bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatially‐explicit land use effects on nesting of Atlantic Flyway resident Canada geese in New Jersey
Authors: Guerena Katherine B. , Castelli Paul M. , Nichols Theodore C. , Williams Christopher K. 
Published: May 2014

Atlantic Flyway resident population (AFRP) Canada geese Branta canadensis in New Jersey, USA, have grown dramatically during the last thirty years and are considered as overabundant in many areas. Development of corporate parks and urban areas with manicured lawns and artificial ponds offer ideal nesting habitat for AFRP geese, with limited pressure from hunting or natural predators. As a result, spatial heterogeneity in reproduction must be taken into account in managing the population. We identified the site and landscape spatial scale extents at which land use features influenced nest site selection and nest success. Nest searches were conducted throughout the State during 2009—2010, and 309 nests were monitored through hatch to determine their fates. We ran a spatial correlation analysis of land use composition to identify spatial scale extents at which geese most considerably respond to their environment for nest site selection and nest success. All significant spatial scale extents were at or below 2.25 km for the five classified land use types. We emphasize that habitat‐goose associations in densely urban areas were strongest at extents < 1 km, while rural and natural areas were strongest at extents > 1 km. Geese responded to human‐dominated land uses at a smaller spatial scale extent than land uses with low human density. The strength of all nest‐land use univariate relationships was low; however, our primary objective was to identify the scales extent at which geese associate with land use, rather than the intensity. We encourage managers to consider these scale‐dependent associations in identifying important habitat variables in multivariate models; and if population control of AFRP Canada geese is of primary interest, then focusing on local habitat management will most likely have the largest influence in managing this population.
Individual Thresholding of Voxel-based Functional Connectivity Maps
Authors: Baglio F. , Laganà M. M. , Preti M. G. , Cecconi P. , Clerici M. , Nemni R. , Baselli G. , Griffanti L. 
Published: May 2014

SummaryIntroduction: This article is part of the Focus Theme of Methods of Information in Medicine on “Biosignal Interpretation: Advanced Methods for Neural Signals and Images”.Background: Voxel-based functional connectivity analysis is a common method for resting state fMRI data. However, correlations between the seed and other brain voxels are corrupted by random estimate errors yielding false connections within the functional connectivity map (FCmap). These errors must be taken into account for a correct interpretation of single-subject results.Objectives: We estimated the statistical range of random errors and propose two methods for an individual setting of correlation threshold for FCmaps.Methods: We assessed the amount of random errors by means of surrogate time series and described its distribution within the brain. On the basis of these results, the FCmaps of the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) from 15 healthy subjects were thresholded with two innovative methods: the first one consisted in the computation of a unique (global) threshold value to be applied to all brain voxels, while the second method is to set a different (local) threshold of each voxel of the FCmap.Results: The distribution of random errors within the brain was observed to be homogeneous and, after thresholding with both methods, the default mode network areas were well identifiable. The two methods yielded similar results, however the application of a global threshold to all brain voxels requires a reduced computational load. The inter-subject variability of the global threshold was observed to be very low and not correlated with age. Global threshold values are also almost independent from the number of surrogates used for their computation, so the analyses can be optimized using a reduced number of surrogate time series.Conclusions: We demonstrated the efficacy of FCmaps thresholding based on random error estimation. This method can be used for a reliable single-subject analysis and could also be applied in clinical setting, to compute individual measures of disease progression or quantitative response to pharmacological or rehabilitation treatments.
Shoulder joint hemiarthroplasty for treatment of a severe osteochondritis dissecans lesion in a dog
Authors: Sparrow T. , Meswania J. , Blunn G. , Fitzpatrick N. 
Published: May 2014

SummaryIntroduction: Partial resurfacing of the humeral head has been reported in humans to treat humeral osteochondritis dissecans. The aim is to describe a custom-made humeral resurfacing prosthesis for treatment of severe humeral head osteochondritis dissecans in a dog.Case report: A seven-month-old female entire St. Bernard dog was presented with a 10 week history of severe left thoracic limb lameness. Radiography, arthroscopy and magnetic resonance imaging confirmed an extensive osteochondritis dissecans lesion affecting the caudal, medial and central regions of the humeral head. A prosthesis designed from computed tomography (CT) images was manufactured in polished stainless steel alloy with a hydroxyapatite coated base and central finned humeral stem for cementless insertion. A standard caudal approach to the shoulder was used to place the prosthesis following reaming of the caudal humeral head.Results: Radiography and CT imaging revealed appropriate topographical placement on the humerus. Force plate analysis demonstrated initial reduction in ground reaction force at six weeks, followed by gradual improvement at three months. There was no radiographic evidence of implant loosening and the range of shoulder joint motion was comparable to the contralateral joint at three months; these findings were maintained to final follow-up at 24 months.Clinical significance: Placement of a humeral head resurfacing prosthesis was an effective technique for the management of severe osteochondritis dissecans-related shoulder lameness. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of the clinical use of shoulder hemiarthroplasty in a dog.
Effect of the Work Environment on Using Time at Work to Exercise
Authors: Bale Jeffrey M. , Gazmararian Julie A. , Elon Lisa 
Published: May 2014

Purpose. To determine whether workload, job satisfaction, and flexible schedules are predictive of using time at work to exercise. Design. The study design was the quantitative analysis of the time at work to exercise intervention of a cluster-randomized controlled trial. Setting. The study took place at Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia. Subjects. Subjects comprised 188 full- and part-time faculty and staff (57% female). Intervention. Employees were randomized into different intervention groups, and analysis focused on employees who were provided 30 minutes of time at work to exercise. Measures. Time at work to exercise at was measured 9 months, and work environment characteristics were measured at baseline. Analysis. Logistic regression modeling using generalized estimating equation analysis was used to account for departmental clustering. Results. Time at work to exercise was used by 45% of participants. Participants who felt comfortable taking time off work to exercise were 2.8 times more likely to use time to exercise than those who did not feel comfortable taking time off (95% confidence interval: 1.3 to 6.1). Participants who reported too much work were .3 times less likely to exercise (95% confidence interval: 0.2 to 0.7). Job satisfaction and the ability to take time off for personal matters were not significantly associated with using time to exercise. Conclusion. The results support the hypothesis that individuals with a supportive work environment would be more likely to use time at work to exercise. Workload and having time during the day are more important than job satisfaction.
Factors Facilitating the Implementation of Church-Based Heart Health Promotion Programs for Older Adults: A Qualitative Study Guided by the Precede-Proceed Model
Authors: Banerjee Ananya Tina , Strachan Patricia H. , Boyle Michael H. , Anand Sonia S. , Oremus Mark 
Published: May 2014

Purpose. To describe the factors facilitating the implementation of heart health promotion programs for older adults in Anglican, United, and Catholic churches. Design. The study used qualitative methods comprising semistructured interviews and focus groups. Setting. The interviews and focus groups were conducted in Anglican, Catholic, and United churches located in the Canadian cities of Toronto and Hamilton, Ontario. Participants. Twelve ordained pastors and 21 older parishioners who attended church regularly and who had no health conditions were recruited to best explain how churches could be suitable locations for health promotion activities targeting older adults. Methods. Twelve semistructured interviews with the pastors and three focus groups with the 21 parishioners were undertaken. A component of the Precede-Proceed model (a model for planning health education and health promotion programs and policies) was applied to the findings after direct content analysis of the data. Results. Participants identified pastor leadership, funding for a parish nurse, community-focused interventions, secured infrastructure, and social support from congregation members as pertinent factors required for implementing health promotion programs in Anglican, United, and Catholic churches. Conclusion. The findings have particular relevance for health promotion and public health because they suggest factors that would be necessary to design church-based heart health promotion programs for older adults at risk of chronic diseases.
Envisioning the future of a university through environment scanning
Authors: Pervez Tasneem , Ba-Omar Taher , Al-Busaidi Kamla , Ercil Cengiz 
Published: May 2014

Long-term thinking is a difficult task that must be undertaken to challenge ourselves to imagine future research, educational and developmental needs. It is difficult but extremely important to imagine the environment for university students and faculty yet to be born, and to think outside the constraints of next year's syllabus or next week's committee meeting. This approach provides us the freedom to think beyond the burdens of problems and challenges knocking the door.Scanning the future environment, studying the characteristics of the leading comprehensive universities, gathering the opinion of stakeholders and the experience of peers will help to develop and adopt for unpredicted future. This paper focuses on scanning the environment, which the university and its inhabitants will face in the decades to come. Seven environmental scan factors have been identified and summarized based on the imaginative thoughts of futurists gathered through reports, magazine articles, journal papers and web-based materials.
Biomarkers for arterial and venous thrombotic disorders
Authors: Mannhalter C. 
Published: May 2014

SummaryThe haemostatic system maintains the blood in a fluid state, but allows rapid clot formation at sites of vascular injury to prevent excessive bleeding. Unbalances within the haemostatic system can lead to thrombosis. Inspite of successful research our understanding of the disease pathogenesis is still incomplete. There is great hope that genetic, genomic, and epigenetic discoveries will enhance the diagnostic capability, and improve the treatment options. During the preceding 20 years, the identification of polymorphisms and the elucidation of their role in arterial and venous thromboses became an important area of research. Today, a large body of data is available regarding associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in candidate genes with plasma concentrations and e. g. the risk of ischaemic stroke or myocardial infarction. However, the results for individual polymorphisms and genes are often controversial. It is now well established that besides acquired also hereditary risk factors influence the occurrence of thrombotic events, and environmental factors may add to this risk. Currently available statistical methods are only able to identify combined risk genotypes if very large patient collectives (>10 000 cases) are tested, and appropriate algorithms to evaluate the data have yet to be developed. Further research is needed to understand the functional effects of genetic variants in genes of blood coagulation proteins that are critical to the pathogenesis of arterial and venous thrombotic disorders. In this review genetic variants in selected genes of the haemo static system and their relevance for arterial and venous thrombosis will be discussed.
Posthumain, où es-tu ?
Authors: El Moujabber Farid 
Published: May 2014

Le « manque » et la « totalité » sont deux traits caractéristiques de la condition humaine dans sa quête de soi depuis les mythes fondateurs jusqu’au progrès phénoménal de la technologie auxxiesiècle. Néanmoins, ces deux concepts revêtent des connotations différentes et souvent contradictoires selon le contexte et les aspirations qui les sous-tendent. En quête de l’humanité parfaite, le posthumanisme prône la totalité comme le but ultime de la vie humaine, et refuse catégoriquement le manque dans son aspect négatif et écrasant. Par contre, une lecture sémiotique du texte de la Genèse révèle que le manque fait partie intégrante de la condition de l’homme, en opposition à la totalité qui s’avère mortelle. À cet égard, comment une nouvelle interprétation d’un texte datant de milliers d’années a le potentiel de jeter un regard nouveau sur des questions d’actualité ? Comment se déploient les espaces de la condition humaine entre manque et totalité ?
Beyond triple collocation: Applications to soil moisture monitoring
Authors: Su Chun‐Hsu , Ryu Dongryeol , Crow Wade T. , Western Andrew W. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractTriple collocation (TC) is routinely used to resolve approximated linear relationships between different measurements (or representations) of a geophysical variable that are subject to errors. It has been utilized in the context of calibration, validation, bias correction, and error characterization to allow comparisons of diverse data records from various direct and indirect measurement techniques including in situ remote sensing and model‐based approaches. However, successful applications of TC require sufficiently large numbers of coincident data points from three independent time series and, within the analysis period, homogeneity of their linear relationships and error structures. These conditions are difficult to realize in practice due to infrequent spatiotemporal sampling of satellite and ground‐based sensors. TC can, however, be generalized within the framework ofinstrumental variable(IV) regression theory to address some of the conceptual constraints of TC. We review the theoretics of IV and consider one possible strategy to circumvent the three‐data constraint by use of lagged variables (LV) as instruments. This particular implementation of IV is suitable for circumstances where multiple data records are limited and the geophysical variable of interest is sampled at time intervals shorter than its temporal correlation length. As a demonstration of utility, the LV method is applied to microwave satellite soil moisture data sets to recover their errors over Australia and to estimate temporal properties of their relationships with in situ and model data. These results are compared against standard two‐data linear estimators and the TC estimator as benchmark.
Spaceborne lidar observations of the ice‐nucleating potential of dust, polluted dust, and smoke aerosols in mixed‐phase clouds
Authors: Tan Ivy , Storelvmo Trude , Choi Yong‐Sang 
Published: May 2014

AbstractPrevious laboratory studies and in situ measurements have shown that dust particles possess the ability to nucleate ice crystals, and smoke particles to some extent as well. Even with coatings of pollutants such as sulphate and nitrate on the surface of dust particles, it has been shown that polluted dust particles are still able to nucleate ice in the immersion, deposition, condensation, and contact freezing modes, albeit less efficiently than unpolluted dust. The ability of these aerosols to act as ice nuclei in the Earth's atmosphere has important implications for the Earth's radiative budget and hence global climate change. Here we determine the relationship between cloud thermodynamic phase and dust, polluted dust, and smoke aerosols individually by analyzing their vertical profiles over a ∼5 year period obtained by NASA's spaceborne lidar, Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization. We found that when comparing the effects of temperature and aerosols, temperature appears to have the dominant influence on supercooled liquid cloud fraction. Nonetheless, we found that aerosols still appear to exert a strong influence on supercooled liquid cloud fraction as suggested by the existence of negative temporal and spatial correlations between supercooled liquid cloud fraction and frequencies of dust aerosols from around the world, at the −10°C, −15°C, −20°C, and −25°C isotherms. Although smoke aerosol frequencies were also found to be negatively correlated with supercooled liquid cloud fraction, their correlations are weaker in comparison to those between dust frequencies and supercooled liquid cloud fraction. For the first time, we show this based on observations from space, which lends support to previous studies that dust and potentially smoke aerosols can globally alter supercooled liquid cloud fraction. Our results suggest that the ice‐nucleating ability of these aerosols may have an indirect climatic impact that goes beyond the regional scale, by influencing cloud thermodynamic phase globally.
Revealed and stated preference valuation and transfer: A within‐sample comparison of water quality improvement values
Authors: Ferrini Silvia , Schaafsma Marije , Bateman Ian 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBenefit transfer (BT) methods are becoming increasingly important for environmental policy, but the empirical findings regarding transfer validity are mixed. A novel valuation survey was designed to obtain both stated preference (SP) and revealed preference (RP) data concerning river water quality values from a large sample of households. Both dichotomous choice and payment card contingent valuation (CV) and travel cost (TC) data were collected. Resulting valuations were directly compared and used for BT analyses using both unit value and function transfer approaches. WTP estimates are found to pass the convergence validity test. BT results show that the CV data produce lower transfer errors, below 20% for both unit value and function transfer, than TC data especially when using function transfer. Further, comparison of WTP estimates suggests that in all cases, differences between methods are larger than differences between study areas. Results show that when multiple studies are available, using welfare estimates from the same area but based on a different method consistently results in larger errors than transfers across space keeping the method constant.
P wave radial anisotropy tomography of the upper mantle beneath the North China Craton
Authors: Wang Jian , Wu Huohua , Zhao Dapeng 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWe present the first P wave radial anisotropy tomography of the crust and upper mantle beneath the North China Craton (NCC), determined using a large number of high‐quality arrival‐time data of local earthquakes and teleseismic events. Our results show a prominent high‐velocity (high‐V) anomaly down to ∼250 km depth beneath the Ordos block, a high‐V anomaly in the mantle transition zone beneath the eastern NCC, and a low‐velocity (low‐V) anomaly down to ∼300 km depth beneath the Trans‐North China Orogen (TNCO). The Ordos block exhibits significant negative radial anisotropy (i.e., vertical Vp > horizontal Vp), suggesting that its cratonic lithosphere has kept the frozen‐in anisotropy formed by vertical growth via high‐degree melting mantle plume in the early Earth. Prominent low‐V anomalies with positive radial anisotropy (i.e., horizontal Vp > vertical Vp) exist beneath the Qilian and Qaidam blocks down to ∼400 km depth, suggesting that the horizontal material flow resulting from the Tibetan Plateau is blocked by the Ordos thick lithosphere. Beneath the eastern NCC, high‐V anomalies with negative radial anisotropy exist in the upper mantle, possibly reflecting sinking remains of the Archean cratonic lithosphere. A high‐V anomaly with positive radial anisotropy is revealed in the mantle transition zone under the eastern NCC, which reflects the stagnant Pacific slab.
Widespread, rapid grounding line retreat of Pine Island, Thwaites, Smith, and Kohler glaciers, West Antarctica, from 1992 to 2011
Authors: Rignot E. , Mouginot J. , Morlighem M. , Seroussi H. , Scheuchl B. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWe measure the grounding line retreat of glaciers draining the Amundsen Sea sector of West Antarctica using Earth Remote Sensing (ERS‐1/2) satellite radar interferometry from 1992 to 2011. Pine Island Glacier retreated 31 km at its center, with most retreat in 2005–2009 when the glacier ungrounded from its ice plain. Thwaites Glacier retreated 14 km along its fast flow core and 1 to 9 km along the sides. Haynes Glacier retreated 10 km along its flanks. Smith/Kohler glaciers retreated the most, 35 km along its ice plain, and its ice shelf pinning points are vanishing. These rapid retreats proceed along regions of retrograde bed elevation mapped at a high spatial resolution using a mass conservation technique that removes residual ambiguities from prior mappings. Upstream of the 2011 grounding line positions, we find no major bed obstacle that would prevent the glaciers from further retreat and draw down the entire basin.
A multicomponent model of phytoplankton size structure
Authors: Brewin Robert J. W. , Sathyendranath Shubha , Tilstone Gavin , Lange Priscila K. , Platt Trevor 
Published: May 2014

AbstractSize‐fractionated filtration (SFF) is a direct method for estimating pigment concentration in various size classes. It is also common practice to infer the size structure of phytoplankton communities from diagnostic pigments estimated by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In this paper, the three‐component model of Brewin et al. (2010) was fitted to coincident data from HPLC and from SFF collected along Atlantic Meridional Transect cruises. The model accounted for the variability in each data set, but the fitted model parameters differed for the two data sets. Both HPLC and SFF data supported the conceptual framework of the three‐component model, which assumes that the chlorophyll concentration in small cells increases to an asymptotic maximum, beyond which further increase in chlorophyll is achieved by the addition of larger celled phytoplankton. The three‐component model was extended to a multicomponent model of size structure using observed relationships between model parameters and assuming that the asymptotic concentration that can be reached by cells increased linearly with increase in the upper bound on the cell size. The multicomponent model was verified using independent SFF data for a variety of size fractions and found to perform well (0.628 ≤ r ≤ 0.989) lending support for the underlying assumptions. An advantage of the multicomponent model over the three‐component model is that, for the same number of parameters, it can be applied to any size range in a continuous fashion. The multicomponent model provides a useful tool for studying the distribution of phytoplankton size structure at large scales.