bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Production Comparison of Three Genetic Strains of Freshwater Prawn,Macrobrachium rosenbergii, Raised Under Two Pond Management Technologies
Authors: Tidwell James H. , Odeyemi Oluwapelumi O. , Coyle Shawn D. , Schneider Kyle J. , Bright Leigh A. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThree genetic strains (Texas [cultured], Hawaii [cultured], and Myanmar [wild]) of freshwater prawn,Macrobrachium rosenbergii, were characterized and compared under two pond grow‐out management technologies using a 3 × 2 factorial design. Juvenile prawns (45 d nursed juveniles) from each strain were stocked at individual average weights of 0.4 ± 0.3 g (Texas), 0.3 ± 0.2 g (Hawaii), and 0.3 ± 0.2 g (Myanmar). The low input management technology prawns were stocked at 24,700 /ha with no added substrate. The high input management technology prawns were stocked at 74,100 /ha with the addition of artificial substrate. Each of the six treatment combinations were replicated in three, 0.04 ha earthen ponds (total of 18 ponds). Prawns were fed a sinking pellet (32% protein) once daily at a standardized rate. After 112 d, prawns were harvested, bulk weighed, and counted. Survival of Texas strain (95%) was significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) than Myanmar strain (77–80%) under both management technologies with survival of Hawaii strain (86–91%) intermediate and not significantly different (P > 0.05) from other strains. Under both management technologies, average weight, total production, and marketable percentage (>20 g) was significantly better (P ≤ 0.05) in Texas and Hawaii strains in comparison to the Myanmar strain. These data appear to indicate that the cultured strains evaluated in this study demonstrate positive impacts of domestication and do not indicate inbreeding depression.
Emerging molecular mechanism for cerebral small vessel disease: Lessons from hereditary small vessel disease
Authors: Onodera Osamu , Sekine Yumi , Kato Taisuke , Koyama Akihide , Nozaki Hiroaki , Nishizawa Masatoyo 
Published: October 2014

AbstractCerebral small vessel disease is a common disorder in the elderly. The findings of hereditary small vessel disease studies clearly show that small vessel diseases have a distinct molecular pathway that is different from that in large vessels. However, the anatomical and functional heterogeneity of the cerebral small vessel system makes it difficult to understand the concept and molecular mechanism for small vessel disease. The purpose of this review is to explain the heterogeneity of small vessels and the importance of the components of the capillary system in the pathogenesis of cerebral small vessel disease. Although traditional investigations have focused more attention on the arteriole, the most functional part of small arteries is the capillary. Therefore, the capillary might play an important role in the pathogenesis of small vessel disease. In the capillary, pericytes and astrocytes are unique components with marked diversity. However, the molecular signature and function of pericytes remain unknown. Furthermore, the morphology and molecular signature of astrocytes in the cortex and white matter are quite different. Therefore, the mechanism of small vessel disease is not simple, and must be investigated considering the diversities of small vessels. In the capillary, cross‐talk between cell components exists. Among these cell signaling pathways, recent findings on the gene responsible for hereditary small vessel disease show that transforming growth factor‐β and platelet‐derived growth factor‐β could contribute to the molecular pathogenesis of small vessel disease. These findings provide useful information for the development of a new therapeutic strategy for small vessel disease.
Contribution of trehalose biosynthetic pathway to drought stress tolerance of Capparis ovata Desf
Authors: Ilhan S. , Ozdemir F. , Bor M. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractTrehalose and the trehalose biosynthetic pathway are important contributors and regulators of stress responses in plants. Among recent findings for trehalose and its metabolism, the role of signalling in the regulation of growth and development and its potential for use as a storage energy source can be listed. The xerophytic plant Capparis ovata (caper) is well adapted to drought and high temperature stress in arid and semi‐arid regions of the Mediterranean. The contribution of trehalose and the trehalose biosynthetic pathway to drought stress responses and tolerance in C. ovata are not known. We investigated the effects of PEG‐mediated drought stress in caper plants and analysed physiological parameters and trehalose biosynthetic pathway components, trehalose‐6‐phosphate synthase (TPS), trehalose‐6‐phosphate phosphatase (TPP), trehalase activity, trehalose and proline content in drought stress‐treated and untreated plants. Our results indicated that trehalose and the trehalose biosynthetic pathway contributed to drought stress tolerance of C. ovata. Overall growth and leaf water status were not dramatically affected by drought, as both high relative growth rate and relative water content were recorded even after 14 days of drought stress. Trehalose accumulation increased in parallel to induced TPS and TPP activities and decreased trehalase activity in caper plants on day 14. Constitutive trehalose levels were 28.75 to 74.75 μg·g·FW−1, and drought stress significantly induced trehalose accumulation (385.25 μg·g·FW−1 on day 14) in leaves of caper. On day 14 of drought, proline levels were lower than on day 7. Under drought stress the discrepancy between trehalose and proline accumulation trends might result from the mode of action of these osmoprotectant molecules in C. ovata.
Endogenous Home Bias in Portfolio Diversification and Firms’ Entry
Authors: Arespa Marta 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe home bias in portfolios is considered a main puzzle in international macroeconomics. This paper provides a new benchmark for its analysis in a tractable new open economy macroeconomic model, where the home‐biased position is an optimal allocation. An equilibrium model of perfect risk‐sharing is specified, with endogenous portfolios and firm entry. Unlike in previous work, the international portfolio diversification is driven by home bias in capital goods—independently of home bias in consumption when countries are of equal size. The model explains the recent patterns of portfolio allocations in developed economies. Most important, optimal portfolio shares are independent of market dynamics.
Moduli of surfaces with an anti-canonical cycle
Authors: Gross Mark , Hacking Paul , Keel Sean 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWe prove a global Torelli theorem for pairs$(Y,D)$where$Y$is a smooth projective rational surface and$D\in |-K_{Y}|$is a cycle of rational curves, as conjectured by Friedman in 1984. In addition, we construct natural universal families for such pairs.
Physics‐based shape matching for intraoperative image guidance
Authors: Suwelack Stefan , Röhl Sebastian , Bodenstedt Sebastian , Reichard Daniel , Dillmann Rüdiger , dos Santos Thiago , Maier‐Hein Lena , Wagner Martin , Wünscher Josephine , Kenngott Hannes , Müller Beat P. , Speidel Stefanie 
Published: October 2014

Purpose:Soft‐tissue deformations can severely degrade the validity of preoperative planning data during computer assisted interventions. Intraoperative imaging such as stereo endoscopic, time‐of‐flight or, laser range scanner data can be used to compensate these movements. In this context, the intraoperative surface has to be matched to the preoperative model. The shape matching is especially challenging in the intraoperative setting due to noisy sensor data, only partially visible surfaces, ambiguous shape descriptors, and real‐time requirements.Methods:A novel physics‐based shape matching (PBSM) approach to register intraoperatively acquired surface meshes to preoperative planning data is proposed. The key idea of the method is to describe the nonrigid registration process as an electrostatic–elastic problem, where an elastic body (preoperative model) that is electrically charged slides into an oppositely charged rigid shape (intraoperative surface). It is shown that the corresponding energy functional can be efficiently solved using the finite element (FE) method. It is also demonstrated how PBSM can be combined with rigid registration schemes for robust nonrigid registration of arbitrarily aligned surfaces. Furthermore, it is shown how the approach can be combined with landmark based methods and outline its application to image guidance in laparoscopic interventions.Results:A profound analysis of the PBSM scheme based on in silico and phantom data is presented. Simulation studies on several liver models show that the approach is robust to the initial rigid registration and to parameter variations. The studies also reveal that the method achieves submillimeter registration accuracy (mean error between 0.32 and 0.46 mm). An unoptimized, single core implementation of the approach achieves near real‐time performance (2 TPS, 7–19 s total registration time). It outperforms established methods in terms of speed and accuracy. Furthermore, it is shown that the method is able to accurately match partial surfaces. Finally, a phantom experiment demonstrates how the method can be combined with stereo endoscopic imaging to provide nonrigid registration during laparoscopic interventions.Conclusions:The PBSM approach for surface matching is fast, robust, and accurate. As the technique is based on a preoperative volumetric FE model, it naturally recovers the position of volumetric structures (e.g., tumors and vessels). It cannot only be used to recover soft‐tissue deformations from intraoperative surface models but can also be combined with landmark data from volumetric imaging. In addition to applications in laparoscopic surgery, the method might prove useful in other areas that require soft‐tissue registration from sparse intraoperative sensor data (e.g., radiation therapy).
Phenobarbital Induction and Chemical Synergism Demonstrate the Role of UDP-Glucuronosyltransferases in Detoxification of Naphthalophos by Haemonchus contortus Larvae
Authors: Kotze Andrew C. , Ruffell Angela P. , Ingham Aaron B. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACT

We used an enzyme induction approach to study the role of detoxification enzymes in the interaction of the anthelmintic compound naphthalophos with
Haemonchus contortus
larvae. Larvae were treated with the barbiturate phenobarbital, which is known to induce the activity of a number of detoxification enzymes in mammals and insects, including cytochromes P450 (CYPs), UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UDPGTs), and glutathione (GSH)
S
-transferases (GSTs). Cotreatment of larvae with phenobarbital and naphthalophos resulted in a significant increase in the naphthalophos 50% inhibitory concentration (IC
50
) compared to treatment of larvae with the anthelmintic alone (up to a 28-fold increase). The phenobarbital-induced drug tolerance was reversed by cotreatment with the UDPGT inhibitors 5-nitrouracil, 4,6-dihydroxy-5-nitropyrimidine, probenecid, and sulfinpyrazone. Isobologram analysis of the interaction of 5-nitrouracil with naphthalophos in phenobarbital-treated larvae clearly showed the presence of strong synergism. The UDPGT inhibitors 5-nitrouracil, 4,6-dihydroxy-5-nitropyrimidine, and probenecid also showed synergistic effects with non-phenobarbital-treated worms (synergism ratio up to 3.2-fold). This study indicates that
H. contortus
larvae possess one or more UDPGT enzymes able to detoxify naphthalophos. In highlighting the protective role of this enzyme group, this study reveals the potential for UDPGT enzymes to act as a resistance mechanism that may develop under drug selection pressure in field isolates of this species. In addition, the data indicate the potential for a chemotherapeutic approach utilizing inhibitors of UDPGT enzymes as synergists to increase the activity of naphthalophos against parasitic worms and to combat detoxification-mediated drug resistance if it arises in the field.
Comparative Evaluation of Lesion Development, Tissue Damage, and Cytokine Expression in Golden Hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) Infected by Inocula with Different Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis Concentrations
Authors: Ribeiro-Romão Raquel P. , Moreira Otacílio C. , Osorio Elvia Yaneth , Cysne-Finkelstein Lea , Gomes-Silva Adriano , Valverde Joanna G. , Pirmez Claude , Da-Cruz Alda Maria , Pinto Eduardo Fonseca 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACT

The golden hamster (
Mesocricetus auratus
) is a susceptible model to
Leishmania
(
Viannia
) spp.; however, available studies employ different infection protocols, which account for clinical and pathological presentation differences. Herein,
L
. (
V
.)
braziliensis
preparations were standardized to contain 10
4
, 10
5
, or 10
6
parasites to determine an optimal inoculum that ensured cutaneous lesions without causing a disseminated infection in hamsters. Lesion development was followed for 105 days by size measurements, and skin, draining lymph node, spleen, and sera were investigated to check parasite load, spleen visceralization, cytokine expression, histopathological changes, and anti-
Leishmania
IgG levels. The lesion emergence time was inversely proportional to the parasite concentration in the inocula. Animals infected by 10
4
parasites presented nodular lesions, while those infected with 10
6
parasites often exhibited ulcerated lesions. The differences in the final lesion sizes were observed between 10
4
and 10
5
inocula or 10
4
and 10
6
inocula. High
IFNG
expression, anti-
Leishmania
IgG levels, and parasite load occurred independently of the inoculum used. A mild inflammatory skin involvement was observed in animals infected with 10
4
parasites, while extensive tissue damage and parasite spleen visceralization occurred with 10
5
and 10
6
parasites. These results indicate that inocula with different concentrations of parasites generate differences in the time of lesion emergence, clinical presentation, and systemic commitment, despite high and similar
IFNG
expression and parasite load. This suggests that a modulation in the immune response to different parasite numbers occurs in an early phase of the infection, which could dictate the establishment and magnitude of the chronic phase of the disease.
Primary Cutaneous Mucormycosis Produced by the New Species Apophysomyces mexicanus
Authors: Bonifaz Alexandro , Stchigel Alberto M. , Guarro Josep , Guevara Esther , Pintos Liliana , Sanchis Marta , Cano-Lira José F. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACT

A case of fungal necrotizing fasciitis that appeared in an immunocompetent Mexican woman after a car accident is described. The patient did not respond to antifungal treatment and died 4 days later. The fungus was molecularly identified as a new species of
Apophysomyces
, namely,
Apophysomyces mexicanus.
Adolescents’ physical activity trends over the years: a three-cohort study based on the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) Portuguese survey
Authors: Marques Adilson , Gaspar de Matos Margarida 
Published: October 2014

ObjectiveMany young people do not practise enough physical activity (PA) to benefit their health. The three-cohort study aimed to investigate the prevalence of PA and understand the trends between 2002 and 2010, using a representative sample of Portuguese adolescents.Design, setting and participantsThe participants were 8483 adolescents (4067 boys, 4416 girls) who participated in the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children Portuguese survey in 2002, 2006 and 2010.Design, setting and participantsA questionnaire was used to collect data of PA. Analyses were run separately for boys and girls.ResultsBoys aged 15–17 reported practising 3.5±1.9 times a week in 2002, 3.9±1.9 times a week in 2006 and 3.8±1.9 times a week in 2010, with a significant increase from 2002 to 2006/2010 (p<0.05). PA practice during the past 7 days decreased from 4.2±2.1 to 3.9+1.9 between 2002 and 2006 (p<0.001) and also decreased from 4.4±2.1 to 3.8±1.9 between 2006 and 2010 (p<0.001). Among girls, PA practices during the past 7 days declined significantly from 3.5±1.9 to 2.7±1.7 between 2002 and 2006 (p<0.001), and from 3.3±1.9 to 2.9±1.7 between 2006 and 2010 (p<0.001).ConclusionsThe study points to age as a factor related to diminished PA participation. The study also revealed that the prevalence of PA has decreased over the years for the same age groups.
A comparison of the force applied on oral structures during intubation attempts between the Pentax-AWS airwayscope and the Macintosh laryngoscope: a high-fidelity simulator-based study
Authors: Goto Tadahiro , Koyama Yasuaki , Kondo Takashiro , Tsugawa Yusuke , Hasegawa Kohei 
Published: October 2014

ObjectiveWe sought to determine whether the use of Pentax-AWS Airwayscope (AWS) applied less force on oral structures during intubation attempts than a conventional direct laryngoscope (DL).DesignProspective cross-over study.ParticipantsA total of 37 physicians (9 transitional-year residents, 20 emergency medicine residents and 8 emergency physicians) were enrolled.InterventionsWe used four simulation scenarios according to the difficulty of intubation and devices and used a high-fidelity simulator to quantify the forces applied on the oral structures.Outcome measuresPrimary outcomes were the maximum force applied on the maxillary incisors and tongue. Other outcomes of interest were time to intubation and glottic view during intubation attempts.ResultsThe maximum force applied on the maxillary incisors in the normal airway scenario was higher with the use of AWS than that with DL (107 newton (N) vs 77 N, p=0.02). By contrast, the force in the difficult airway scenario was significantly lower with the use of AWS than that of the DL (89 N vs 183 N, p<0.01). Likewise, the force applied on the tongue was significantly lower with the use of AWS than the use of DL in both airway scenarios (11 N vs 27 N, p<0.001 in the normal airway scenario; 12 N vs 40 N, p<0.01 in the difficult airway scenario).ConclusionsThe use of AWS during intubation attempts was associated with decreased forces applied to oral structures in the simulated difficult airway scenario.
Peak flow rate and death due to coronary heart disease: 30-year results from the Northwick Park Heart cohort study
Authors: Clayton Tim C , Meade Tom W , Turner Elizabeth L , De Stavola Bianca L 
Published: October 2014

ObjectiveNumerous studies have reported that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or impaired lung function are associated with later coronary heart disease (CHD). However, it is unclear if lung function is an independent risk factor, as many of these studies have included only limited measures of other factors associated with CHD.MethodsIn total 2167 men of all ages in the first Northwick Park Heart Study were followed for a median of 30 years. Cox regression models were used to assess the relationship between peak flow rate (PFR) and CHD mortality adjusted for potential confounders measured at baseline. Analyses allowed for missing data, and secondary analyses for repeat measures on some men and competing risks of CHD death.ResultsThere were 254 CHD deaths with some evidence of an association between PFR and CHD mortality. The adjusted HRs (95% CIs) from the lowest to the highest of four PFR quartiles were 1.53 (1.04 to 2.25), <430 L/min; 1.43 (0.99 to 2.08), 430 – <490 L/min; and 1.31 (0.93 to 1.86), 490 – <550 L/min; compared with the reference group of ≥550 L/min (trend test p=0.025). Other associations with CHD mortality were observed for systolic blood pressure (p<0.0001), body mass index (p=0.0002), smoking status (p=0.015), blood cholesterol (p=0.005), plasma fibrinogen (p=0.001) and high-risk ECG (p=0.021). There were no strong associations for factors V and VIII or platelet count.ConclusionsAfter allowing for a range of other risk factors associated with CHD, there was only limited evidence of a relation between PFR and CHD mortality.
Sense of Coherence and Personality Traits Related to Depressive State
Authors: Kikuchi Yoko , Nakaya Makoto , Ikeda Miki , Okuzumi Shoko , Takeda Mihoko , Nishi Miyoko 
Published: October 2014

Aims. The current study aims to examine the influence of job stress, SOC, and personality traits on depressive state.Methods. A self-reported survey was conducted among 347 female nurses in a general hospital. Job stress was measured using the Japanese version of the Brief-Job Stress Questionnaire scale. Depressive state was assessed by the K6 scale. We used 13-item SOC scale. Personality traits were assessed by the Japanese version of Ten-Item Personality Inventory. Multiple liner regression analyses were conducted to examine predictors that significantly affect depressive state.Results. Job and life satisfaction and SOC negatively related to the depressive state (β=-0.76, P<0.01; β=-0.18, P<0.001, resp.) while neuroticism was positively correlated (β=0.49, P<0.001). Also, intrinsic rewards tended to negatively relate (β=-0.80, P<0.1).Conclusions. From a practical perspective, the possible influence of SOC and neurotic personality on depressive state should be considered for health care professionals.
The Landscape of Somatic Chromosomal Copy Number Aberrations in GEM Models of Prostate Carcinoma
Authors: Bianchi-Frias Daniella , Hernandez Susana A. , Coleman Roger , Wu Hong , Nelson Peter S. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Human prostate cancer is known to harbor recurrent genomic aberrations consisting of chromosomal losses, gains, rearrangements, and mutations that involve oncogenes and tumor suppressors. Genetically engineered mouse (GEM) models have been constructed to assess the causal role of these putative oncogenic events and provide molecular insight into disease pathogenesis. While GEM models generally initiate neoplasia by manipulating a single gene, expression profiles of GEM tumors typically comprise hundreds of transcript alterations. It is unclear whether these transcriptional changes represent the pleiotropic effects of single oncogenes, and/or cooperating genomic or epigenomic events. Therefore, it was determined whether structural chromosomal alterations occur in GEM models of prostate cancer and whether the changes are concordant with human carcinomas. Whole genome array-based comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) was used to identify somatic chromosomal copy number aberrations (SCNA) in the widely used TRAMP, Hi-Myc, Pten-null, and LADY GEM models. Interestingly, very few SCNAs were identified and the genomic architecture of Hi-Myc, Pten-null, and LADY tumors were essentially identical to the germline. TRAMP neuroendocrine carcinomas contained SCNAs, which comprised three recurrent aberrations including a single copy loss of chromosome 19 (encoding Pten). In contrast, cell lines derived from the TRAMP, Hi-Myc, and Pten-null tumors were notable for numerous SCNAs that included copy gains of chromosome 15 (encoding Myc) and losses of chromosome 11 (encoding p53).
Implications: Chromosomal alterations are not a prerequisite for tumor formation in GEM prostate cancer models and cooperating events do not naturally occur by mechanisms that recapitulate changes in genomic integrity as observed in human prostate cancer. Mol Cancer Res; 13(2); 339–47. ©2014 AACR.