bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐Potential Perfluorinated Phthalocyanine–Fullerene Dyads for Generation of High‐Energy Charge‐Separated States: Formation and Photoinduced Electron‐Transfer Studies
Authors: Das Sushanta K. , Mahler Andrew , Wilson Angela K. , D'Souza Francis 
Published: May 2014

AbstractHigh oxidation potential perfluorinated zinc phthalocyanines (ZnFnPcs) are synthesised and their spectroscopic, redox, and light‐induced electron‐transfer properties investigated systematically by forming donor–acceptor dyads through metal–ligand axial coordination of fullerene (C60) derivatives. Absorption and fluorescence spectral studies reveal efficient binding of the pyridine‐ (Py) and phenylimidazole‐functionalised fullerene (C60Im) derivatives to the zinc centre of the FnPcs. The determined binding constants, K, in o‐dichlorobenzene for the 1:1 complexes are in the order of 104 to 105 M−1; nearly an order of magnitude higher than that observed for the dyad formed from zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) lacking fluorine substituents. The geometry and electronic structure of the dyads are determined by using the B3LYP/6‐31G* method. The HOMO and LUMO levels are located on the Pc and C60 entities, respectively; this suggests the formation of ZnFnPc.+–C60Im.− and ZnFnPc.+–C60Py.− (n=0, 8 or 16) intra‐supramolecular charge‐separated states during electron transfer. Electrochemical studies on the ZnPc–C60 dyads enable accurate determination of their oxidation and reduction potentials and the energy of the charge‐separated states. The energy of the charge‐separated state for dyads composed of ZnFnPc is higher than that of normal ZnPc–C60 dyads and reveals their significance in harvesting higher amounts of light energy. Evidence for charge separation in the dyads is secured from femtosecond transient absorption studies in nonpolar toluene. Kinetic evaluation of the cation and anion radical ion peaks reveals ultrafast charge separation and charge recombination in dyads composed of perfluorinated phthalocyanine and fullerene; this implies their significance in solar‐energy harvesting and optoelectronic device building applications.
Influence of the Amount of Hydrogen Fluoride on the Formation of (001)‐Faceted Titanium Dioxide Nanosheets and Their Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation Performance
Authors: Zhang Yuliang , Shang Mingwei , Mi Yifan , Xia Ting , Wallenmeyer Petra , Murowchick James , Dong Lifeng , Zhang Qiao , Chen Xiaobo 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe influence of the amount of hydrogen fluoride (HF) on product formation from the hydrothermal reaction of titanium butoxide and concentrated HF is investigated. Low HF contents lead to a preference for the formation of small TiO2 nanoparticles, medium HF contents lead to a preference for TiO2 nanosheets, and high HF contents lead to a preference for large TiOF2 particles. Meanwhile, TiO2 nanosheets display higher activity in photocatalytic hydrogen generation than that of smaller TiO2 nanoparticles; this demonstrates the higher photocatalytic activity of (001) facets over others. The synergistic effect between TiO2 nanosheets and TiOF2 particles could improve the performance of TiO2 nanosheets owing to possible charge separation over their interface, although TiOF2 particles themselves barely show any activity.
Impact of Proton Concentration on Equilibrium Potential and Polarization of Vanadium Flow Batteries
Authors: Xi Xiaoli , Li Xianfeng , Wang Chenhui , Lai Qinzhi , Cheng Yuanhui , Zhou Wei , Ding Cong , Zhang Huamin 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe electrolyte in the vanadium flow battery (VFB) is one of the key materials in determining the energy density, which further limits its commercialization. A novel strategy of varying the proton concentration to improve electrolyte utilization is proposed to enhance the energy density of the VFB. The effects of proton concentration on the equilibrium potential and polarization have been investigated systematically. Superior electrolyte utilization at a proton concentration of 5 mol L−1 is achieved; this corresponds to a high volumetric energy density (22.5 Wh L−1) and volumetric capacity density (14.8 Ah L−1), which is favorable toward the commercial application of VFBs. This general strategy also inspires research on improving electrolyte utilization in other flow battery systems.
Enantioselective Henry and Aza‐Henry Reaction in the Synthesis of (R)‐Tembamide Using Efficient, Recyclable Polymeric CuII Complexes as Catalyst
Authors: Das Anjan , Choudhary Manoj K. , Kureshy Rukhsana I. , Roy Tamal , Khan Noor‐ul H. , Abdi Sayed H. R. , Bajaj Hari C. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractChiral copper(II) polymeric [H4]salen (salen=bis[(salicylidene)ethylenediaminato]) complexes CuII‐1–3 were generated in situ and used as efficient catalysts in the asymmetric Henry and aza‐Henry reaction of various aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes and N‐tosylimines in the presence of various nitroalkanes at room temperature (27±2 °C) for 20 hours. This group of polymeric [H4]salen complexes demonstrated excellent performance (product yield and enantiomeric excess ee up to 98 %) in the formation of β‐nitroalcohol by using nitromethane with low catalyst loading of 1 mol % (with respect to the monomeric salen unit) and high enantioinduction (ee 94 %) in the aza‐Henry product; β‐nitroamines were obtained with moderate yield (78 %). This catalytic system also worked well with nitroethane and 1‐nitropropane in the case of Henry reaction, to furnish the corresponding products in high yields and enantioselectivities for syn diastereomers. The CuII‐2 complex retained its performance at the gram level and was expediently recycled eight times with no significant loss in its performance. The kinetic study with CuII‐2 complex for the enantioselective aza‐Henry reaction of N‐Ts‐benzylimine (Ts=tosyl) revealed a first‐order dependence on catalyst and nitromethane concentration and was zero order with respect to the substrate. The product obtained was transformed straightforwardly to the pharmaceutically important enantiomerically pure (R)‐tembamide (β‐adrenergic agonist) drug in good yield by the asymmetric nitroaldol reaction of 4‐methoxybenzaldehyde in three successive steps.
Large‐Scale Synthesis of Reduced Graphene Oxides with Uniformly Coated Polyaniline for Supercapacitor Applications
Authors: Salunkhe Rahul R. , Hsu Shao‐Hui , Wu Kevin C. W. , Yamauchi Yusuke 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWe report an effective route for the preparation of layered reduced graphene oxide (rGO) with uniformly coated polyaniline (PANI) layers. These nanocomposites are synthesized by chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline monomer in the presence of layered rGO. SEM, TEM, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), FTIR, and Raman spectroscopy analysis results demonstrated that reduced graphene oxide–polyaniline (rGO–PANI) nanocomposites are successfully synthesized. Because of synergistic effects, rGO–PANI nanocomposites prepared by this approach exhibit excellent capacitive performance with a high specific capacitance of 286 F g−1 and high cycle reversibility of 94 % after 2000 cycles.
A series of Cre‐ERT2 drivers for manipulation of the skeletal muscle lineage
Authors: Southard Sheryl , Low SiewHui , Li Lydia , Rozo Michelle , Harvey Tyler , Fan Chen‐Ming , Lepper Christoph 
Published: May 2014

SummaryWe report the generation of five mouse strains with the tamoxifen‐inducible Cre (Cre‐ERT2; CE) gene cassette knocked into the endogenous loci of Pax3, Myod1, Myog, Myf6, and Myl1, collectively as a resource for the skeletal muscle research community. We characterized these CE strains using the Cre reporter mice, R26RLacZ, during embryogenesis and show that they direct tightly controlled tamoxifen‐inducible reporter expression within the expected cell lineage determined by each myogenic gene. We also examined a few selected adult skeletal muscle groups for tamoxifen‐inducible reporter expression. None of these new CE alleles direct reporter expression in the cardiac muscle. All these alleles follow the same knock‐in strategy by replacing the first exon of each gene with the CE cassette, rendering them null alleles of the endogenous gene. Advantages and disadvantages of this design are discussed. Although we describe potential immediate use of these strains, their utility likely extends beyond foreseeable questions in skeletal muscle biology. genesis 52:759–770, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Anatomy of the posterior septal artery with surgical implications on the vascularized pedicled nasoseptal flap
Authors: Zhang Xian , Wang Eric W. , Wei Hongquan , Shi Jin , Snyderman Carl H. , Gardner Paul A. , Fernandez–Miranda Juan C. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to define the anatomic characteristics of the posterior septal artery related to the design of the vascularized pedicled nasoseptal flap.MethodsThe course and branching pattern of the posterior septal artery and its relationship with landmarks and other regional arteries were studied in 26 vascular latex‐injected head sides.ResultsThe posterior septal artery is divided into 2 septal branches within the sphenoidal segment, which occurred either close to the sphenopalatine foramen (65.4%) or at the posterior border of the nasal septum (34.6%). The inferior branch was frequently dominant (61.5%). The dominant branch was always below the axial plane of the sphenoid ostium. On the posterior nasal septum, the inferior branch may run downward before coursing anteroinferiorly.ConclusionWe identify 2 high‐risk areas for the design of the vascularized PNSF, namely, at the inferior aspect of the sphenoid ostium and the junction of the posterior nasal septum and the choana arch. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 1470–1476, 2015
Impact of the addition of chemotherapy to radiotherapy for oropharyngeal cancer in 2003–2004: Population‐based study from the Province of Ontario, Canada
Authors: Hall Stephen F. , O'Sullivan Brian , Irish Jonathan C. , Meyer Ralph M. , Gregg Richard , Groome Patti 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackgroundConcurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) became the standard of care for locoregionally advanced head and neck cancers based on clinical trials but its effectiveness at the community level is not reported.MethodsWe conducted a population‐based comparative effectiveness study of all 571 patients with oropharyngeal cancer in Ontario Canada (2003–2004) that describes the patients and the treatments and compares concurrent CRT to radiotherapy (RT) alone.ResultsWhen comparing the outcomes (CRT vs RT) for all patients or patients eligible for either treatment, for patients of centers with the “higher use” of CRT to patients of the ‘lower use’ centers and comparing all centers, we found no overall or disease‐specific advantage to CRT over RT alone. There was also no difference in recurrence‐free survival, pattern of recurrences, or distant control.ConclusionIn Ontario (2003–2004), in daily clinical practice, the addition of concurrent CRT to RT had little impact on survival in patients with oropharyngeal carcinoma. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 1461–1469, 2015
Electrospun vascular grafts with improved compliance matching to native vessels
Authors: Nezarati Roya M. , Eifert Michelle B. , Dempsey David K. , Cosgriff‐Hernandez Elizabeth 
Published: May 2014

AbstractCoronary artery bypass grafting is one of the most commonly performed major surgeries in the United States. Autologous vessels such as the saphenous vein are the current gold standard for treatment; however, synthetic vascular prostheses made of expanded poly(tetrafluoroethylene) or poly(ethylene terephthalate) are used when autologous vessels are unavailable. These synthetic grafts have a high failure rate in small diameter (<4 mm) applications due to rapid reocclusion via intimal hyperplasia. Current strategies to improve clinical performance are focused on preventing intimal hyperplasia by fabricating grafts with compliance and burst pressure similar to native vessels. To this end, we have developed an electrospun vascular graft from segmented polyurethanes with tunable properties by altering material chemistry and graft microarchitecture. Relationships between polyurethane tensile properties and biomechanical properties were elucidated to select polymers with desirable properties. Graft thickness, fiber tortuosity, and fiber fusions were modulated to provide additional tools for controlling graft properties. Using a combination of these strategies, a vascular graft with compliance and burst pressure exceeding the saphenous vein autograft was fabricated (compliance = 6.0 ± 0.6%/mmHg × 10−4, burst pressure = 2260 ± 160 mmHg). This graft is hypothesized to reduce intimal hyperplasia associated with low compliance in synthetic grafts and improve long‐term clinical success. Additionally, the fundamental relationships between electrospun mesh microarchitecture and mechanical properties identified in this work can be utilized in various biomedical applications. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 103B: 313–323, 2015.
Poly(methacrylates) with Pendant Benzoquinone Units – Monomer Synthesis, Polymerization, and Electrochemical Behavior: Potential New Polymer Systems for Organic Batteries
Authors: Häupler Bernhard , Ignaszak Anna , Janoschka Tobias , Jähnert Thomas , Hager Martin D. , Schubert Ulrich S. 
Published: May 2014

Redox‐active polymers became the focus of attention in the field of organic electronics during the last decade. Quinoide systems are intensively studied in this field. Although benzoquinones are generally known as radical scavengers, certain monomers can be polymerized by radical polymerization techniques. For this purpose, methacrylate functionalities are attached to the redox‐active quinone moiety. A free‐radical polymerization technique is applied utilizing AIBN as initiator. The molar mass can be adjusted by the choice of an appropriate solvent system. Electrochemical investigations of these new monomers and polymers, in particular cyclic voltammetry, are performed in aqueous and non‐aqueous electrolytes in the dissolved and solid states, showing the potential usefulness of the system for applications in organic radical batteries.
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Boron‐Ketoiminate‐Based Polymers: Fine‐Tuning of the Emission Color and Expression of Strong Emission Both in the Solution and Film States
Authors: Yoshii Ryousuke , Nagai Atsushi , Tanaka Kazuo , Chujo Yoshiki 
Published: May 2014

In this research, the synthesis of boron‐ketoiminate‐containing polymers is reported with large molecular weights ( = 20 000) and their optical properties are examined by UV–vis absorption and photoluminescence spectrometries. It is shown that the polymers exhibit strong emission both in the solution and solid states (Φ PL,THF = 0.46–0.80, Φ PL,film = 0.13–0.38). These optical properties can be explained by a donor–acceptor interaction between the boron ketoiminate and the electron‐donating comonomer such as fluorene or bithiophene. Furthermore, in the solid states, their emission colors can be successfully tuned from blue to orange by the substituents on the nitrogen atom with the difference of the steric hindrance (λ PL,THF = 464–546 nm, λ PL,film = 486–604 nm).
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Interacting magnetic cluster‐spin glasses and strain glasses in Ni–Mn based Heusler structured intermetallics
Authors: Entel Peter , Gruner Markus E. , Comtesse Denis , Sokolovskiy Vladimir V. , Buchelnikov Vasiliy D. 
Published: May 2014

Magnetic Ni–Mn based Heusler intermetallics show complex magnetic behavior in connection with martensitic transformations (see, for instance, the phase diagram of Ni–Co–Mn–Sn on the right‐hand side). The cubic austenitic phase at high temperature shows long‐range ferromagnetic order which can considerably be weakened by the appearance of competing antiferromagnetic interactions which are induced by Mn excess and chemical disorder. With decreasing temperature a martensitic/magnetostructural transformation takes place from cubic to non‐modulated/modulated tetragonal/monoclinic or orthorhombic structure, where long‐range ferromagnetic order can no longer be maintained, leading to superparamagnetic behavior. At still lower temperatures superparamagnetism changes to superspin glass because of strong competition of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interactions and chemical disorder. In addition, disorder and local structural distortions can lead to strain glass in austenite, as observed for some non‐magnetic martensitic systems. The magnetic intermetallics are of technological importance in view of their functional properties involving magnetic shape‐memory and exchange‐bias effects as well as magnetocaloric effects. The ‘ferroic cooling’ is of particular relevance since it avoids the use of ozone‐depleting and greenhouse chemicals compared with conventional fluid‐compression technology.Experimental phase diagram of for . Here, is the Curie temperature of austenite; at the system transforms to paramagnetic martensite and at to superparamagnetic martensite (SPM) and then to superspin‐glass martensite (SSG) at . The possible strain‐glass phases (labeled by question marks) are predicted because of kinetic arrest phenomena and local distortions associated with the magnetostructural transition and ergodicity breaking by field‐cooling/zero‐field‐cooling experiments.
Enhancing the activity of Bacillus circulans xylanase by modulating the flexibility of the hinge region
Authors: Kazuyo Fukura , Hong So Yeon , Yeon Young Joo , Joo Jeong Chan , Yoo Young Je 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Enzymes undergo multiple conformational changes in solution, and these dynamics are considered to play a critical role in enzyme activity. Hinge-bending motions, resulting from reciprocal movements of dynamical quasi-rigid bodies, are thought to be related to turnover rate and are affected by the physical properties of the hinge regions. In this study, hinge identification and flexibility modification of the regions by mutagenesis were conducted to explore the relationship between hinge flexibility and catalytic activity. Bacillus circulans xylanase was selected for the identification and mutation of the hinge regions. As a result, turnover rate (V max) was improved approximately twofold in mutants that have more rigid hinge structure, despite the decrease in K m and V max/K m. This result indicates that the rigidly mutated hinge has positive effects on B. circulans xylanase activity.
4D ultrasound study of fetal facial expressions at 20–24 weeks of gestation
Authors: Sato Miki , Kanenishi Kenji , Hanaoka Uiko , Noguchi Junko , Marumo Genzo , Hata Toshiyuki 
Published: May 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the frequency of fetal facial expressions at 20–24 weeks of gestation using four‐dimensional (4D) ultrasonography and to determine whether there was any correlation between facial expression and gestational age (20–34 weeks).MethodsThe facial expressions of 23 healthy fetuses were examined using 4D ultrasound at 20–24 weeks. Each fetus was recorded continuously for 15 minutes. The frequencies of mouthing, yawning, smiling, tongue expulsion, scowling, sucking, and blinking were assessed and the data combined with those expressions observed at 25–34 weeks of gestation in two previous studies (n = 34) to determine the correlation between gestational age and each of the facial expressions.ResultsMouthing was significantly more frequent than the other six facial expressions at 20–24 weeks (P < 0.05). Yawning was significantly more frequent than smiling, scowling, and blinking (P < 0.05), and sucking was significantly more frequent than smiling, scowling, and blinking (P < 0.05). The frequency of yawning, smiling, tongue expulsion, scowling, and blinking increased with gestational age (P < 0.05). Mouthing movement and sucking frequencies remained constant between 20 and 34 weeks.ConclusionFrequencies of complicated facial expressions such as smiling and scowling may increase with advancing gestation owing to the development of the fetal brain and central nervous system.
Slug regulates E‐cadherin repression via p19Arf in prostate tumorigenesis
Authors: Xie Yingqiu , Liu Shenji , Lu Wenfu , Yang Qing , Williams Kieosha D. , Binhazim Awadh A. , Carver Brett S. , Matusik Robert J. , Chen Zhenbang 
Published: May 2014

SLUG represses E‐cadherin to promote epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in various cancers. Mechanisms that regulate SLUG/E‐cadherin pathway remain poorly understood, especially during tumorigenesis in vivo. Here we report that p19Arf (p14ARF in human) stabilizes Slug to inhibit E‐cadherin in prostate cancer mouse models. Inactivation of p19Arf reduces Slug levels, resulting in increased E‐cadherin expression and delaying the onset and progression of prostate cancer in Pten/Trp53 double null mice. Mechanistically, p14ARF stabilizes SLUG through increased sumoylation at lysine residue 192. Importantly, levels of SLUG and p14ARF are positively correlated in human prostate cancer specimens. These data demonstrated that ARF modulates the SLUG/E‐cadherin signaling axis for augmenting prostate tumorigenesis in vivo, revealing a novel paradigm where the oncogenic functions of SLUG require ARF to target E‐cadherin in prostate cancer. Collectively, our findings further support that ARF has dual tumor suppressive/oncogenic roles in cancers in a context‐dependent manner.
Managing workplace bullying in New Zealand: Perspectives from occupational health and safety practitioners
Authors: Catley Bevan , Bentley Tim , Forsyth Darryl , Cooper-Thomas Helena , Gardner Dianne , O'Driscoll Michael , Trenberth Linda 
Published: May 2014

AbstractResearch into workplace bullying has only recently begun to investigate preventative measures. This paper continues that emphasis by examining the management of bullying in a sample of New Zealand organisations. In this study, the survey results from 252 occupational health and safety practitioners were analysed to examine how bullying is understood and managed, along with factors that predict preventative efforts. Results indicate that bullying was perceived to impact significantly on organisations, although the organisations had limited preventative measures in place. The findings confirm the importance of leadership and the establishment of an effective bully-free environment as preventative measures.
Management control systems from an organisational life cycle perspective: The role of input, behaviour and output controls
Authors: Su Sophia , Baird Kevin , Schoch Herb 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis study examines the association between the use of three types of controls (input, behaviour and output) and Miller and Friesen's organisational life cycle (OLC) stages (birth, growth, maturity, revival and decline). Data were collected by a survey questionnaire from a random sample of 1,000 General Managers in Australian manufacturing business units. The results indicate that the extent of use of different controls is associated with OLC stages. Specifically, both behaviour and input controls were found to be used to a significantly greater extent than output controls in both the birth stage and the growth stage, while all three types of controls were used to a similar level in the maturity and revival stages. An examination of the extent of use of controls across OLC stages revealed that each type of control was used to a significantly greater extent in the growth and revival stages than the birth and maturity stages. The study contributes to the literature by linking management control system studies to OLC studies. Most importantly, the study assists Australian manufacturing business units in identifying the appropriate use of controls both in and across OLC stages.