bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ab Initio Study on the Stability of NgnBe2N2, NgnBe3N2and NgBeSiN2Clusters
Authors: Pan Sudip , Moreno Diego , Cabellos José Luis , Merino Gabriel , Chattaraj Pratim K. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe global minima of Be2N2, Be3N2and BeSiN2clusters are identified using a modified stochastic kick methodology. The structure, stability and bonding nature of these clusters bound to noble gas (Ng) atoms are studied at the MP2/def2‐QZVPPD level of theory. Positive BeNg bond dissociation energy, which gradually increases down Group 18 from He to Rn, indicates the bound nature of Ng atoms. All of the Ng‐binding processes are exothermic in nature. The Xe and Rn binding to Be2N2and Be3N2clusters and ArRn binding to BeSiN2are exergonic processes at room temperature; however, for the lighter Ng atoms, lower temperatures are needed. Natural population analysis, Wiberg bond index computations, electron density analysis, and energy decomposition analysis are performed to better understand the nature of BeNg bonds.
Climate Change Agenda at Subnational Level in Mexico: Policy coordination or policy competition?
Authors: Valenzuela Jose Maria 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTThe paper analyses the political challenges and opportunities of advancing the climate change agenda in a developing country under constraints and channels imposed by divided authority at the vertical level and political fragmentation within the state. The articles focuses on historical and political institutional arrangements to approach the current framework of climate change agenda‐setting in Mexico, later analysing the potential changes to the outcomes due to the influence of an international climate change regime. On the one hand, the literature suggests that federalism poses serious limitations to government efficacy due to division of competences, and a similar argument is posed about presidentialism under a politically fragmented regime; on the second hand, transnationalism is depicted to enhance subnational state and non‐state actor leadership roles in many areas, including economic and environmental policy setting. Evidence shows that federalism and the political fragmentation of the presidential regime in Mexico has prevented the federal government from taking assertive steps to influence subnational governments, while some of the heads of politically relevant subnational governments have assumed policy leadership roles, enabled by transnational networks and the Kyoto climate change regime. This balance may change according to the nature of the post‐Kyoto regime, either strengthening the federal government if more responsibility on actions and disbursement is placed on national governments; or enabling subnational government to foster their position, if decentralized and transnational networks are strengthened. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Consumer discrimination of Chemlali and Arbequina olive oil cultivars according to their cultivar, geographical origin, and processing system
Authors: Hassine Kaouther Ben , El Riachy Milad , Taamalli Amani , Malouche Dhafer , Ayadi Mohamed , Talmoudi Khouloud , Aouini Maroua , Jlassi Yosra , Benincasa Cinzia , Romano Elvira , Perri Enzo , Kiristakis Apostolos , Hamdi Mokhtar , Grati‐Kammoun Naziha , Hammami Mohamed 
Published: May 2014

The chemical composition and consumer preferences according to consumer characteristics of virgin olive oils (VOOs) from “Chemlali” and “Arbequina” cultivars were studied in relation to processing system and geographical origin. Statistical analyses revealed significant differences (p < 0.05) among cultivars in % free acidity, K270, and OSI values, pigments, and antioxidant content and in some FAME content. Significant differences were also found according to the processing system in terms of some quality indices, pigments, antioxidant compounds, and OSI values. The effect of processing system on fatty acid composition was almost not significant except for some of them. The effect of the geographical origin was different in relation to the cultivars: For “Chemlali” cultivar, it was significant (p < 0.05) in all studied parameters except for acidity and total polar phenol content. However, for “Arbequina”, the effect was significant (p < 0.05) for K232, pigments, antioxidant compounds and fatty acid composition except for margaric, margaroleic, linolenic, arachidic, and behenic fatty acids. Consumers were able to discriminate between cultivars with more preference for “Arbequina” oil, but only in case of “Chemlali” they could discriminate between the oils from different locations, with significantly more consumer liking for oils from Sidi Bouzid and Sawef. However, they were not able to discriminate between the processing systems.A session of sensory analysis that shows consumer preferences according to consumer characteristics. Consumer preferences are defined as the subjective (individual) tastes and flavors, as measured by the satisfaction that a consumer derives from the consumption of different goods, in this study, the Virgin Olive Oil (VOO). VOO sensory analysis permits the consumer to rank the different oils according to the levels of satisfaction they give the consumer.
Contribution to the aroma characteristics of mutton process flavor from oxidized suet evaluated by descriptive sensory analysis, gas chromatography, and electronic nose through partial least squares regression
Authors: Tian Honglei , Zhan Ping , Li Weiguo , Zhang Xiaoming , He Xiaoyan , Ma Yongguang , Guo Zhili , Zhang Deqing 
Published: May 2014

Changes in the aroma characteristics of mutton process flavors (MFSs) prepared from non‐oxidized suet and oxidized suet (OS) of different oxidation degrees were assessed by GC–MS, descriptive sensory analysis (DSA), and electronic nose (E‐nose). Six sensory attributes (muttony, meaty, suety, simulate, burnt, and off‐flavor) were selected to assess MFSs. DSA results showed a distinct difference among the sample MFS1 with non‐oxidized suet and other MFS samples with added OS of different oxidation degrees in terms of almost all sensory attributes. Also, MFS4 and MFS5 with moderate OS4 and OS5 showed very strong muttony, meaty, suety, and simulate attributes, but the weakest burnt and off‐flavor attributes. GC–MS analysis of volatiles indicated that MFS5, which had moderate OS5, generated a more appropriate content proportion of the characteristic flavor compounds than the others. Moreover, E‐nose analysis confirmed the results of GC–MS and DSA. Results of correlation analysis among 19 selected odor‐active compounds, DSA, and E‐nose data further confirmed that the moderate OS with a peroxide value (PV) of 103.29–287.61 meqO2 kg−1, the p‐anisidine value (p‐AV) of 61.03–262.52, and the acid value (AV) of 1.98–5.11 mg KOH/g suet may be a desirable precursor for the sensory characteristics of MFS.Species‐species mutton flavor can be enhanced by heating suet in air through the coordination of Maillard reaction and lipid oxidation. Through the partial least squares regression analysis of the descriptive sensory analysis data, odor‐active compounds and E‐nose data, moderate oxidized suet was recommended for preparing mutton process flavors.
Crude canolol and canola distillate extracts improve the stability of refined canola oil during deep‐fat frying
Authors: Aachary Ayyappan Appukuttan , Chen Yougui , Eskin N. A. Michael , Thiyam‐Hollander Usha 
Published: May 2014

Crude canolol (CAN) extracted from canola meal by accelerated solvent extraction and phenolic extracts from canola oil deodistillates (DDL) were assessed for their potential to stabilize canola oil during deep‐fat frying. Phenolics extracted from DDL with methanol ranged from 0 to 323 μg/g of DDL phenolics. French fries were deep fried in canola oil (3 L) enriched with 200 ppm of BHT, DDL, or CAN at 185 ± 5°C for 5 min. Twelve batches of fries (30 g each) were fried each day, 30 min apart for a total of 6 h of frying for 5 days. Both CAN and DDL extracts exhibited protection against frying oil deterioration compared to BHT with a considerable reduction in the hydroperoxides after the first day of frying. The ability to reduce primary oxidation was highest with CAN followed by DDL compared to BHT and the control (CAN>DD>Control). The total oxidation (TOTOX) and conjugated diene/triene values of oils fried with DDL and CAN were significantly (p<0.05) lower than BHT. Oil color correlated with AV (R2 = 0.822–0.985) in an exponential model with no major differences as compared to the control. In conclusion, based on the initial PV, TOTOX, and conjugated dienes, DDL and CAN both proved effective in inhibiting lipid oxidation during deep‐fat frying.Practical applications: Oil deodistillate is an excellent starting material for the production/recovery of a variety of bioactive components such as tocopherols, phenolics, phytosterols, or squalene. The present study confirms the beneficial effects of canolol and DDL phenolic extracts as antioxidants during the deep‐fat frying of canola oil. DDL is an abundant oil‐refining by‐product and this study demonstrates the value‐added potential of DDL as a crude source of phenolic antioxidants. This will provide new avenues for the value‐added opportunities due to their potent antioxidants. In contrast to the commonly applied synthetic antioxidants, the phenolic extracts tested in this study are part of endogenous oil components either removed from crude oil during refining (DDL) or produced during oil extraction process (canolol).Crude canolol and deodistillate (DDL) extracts protects canola oil from oxidative deterioration during deep‐frying at 185°C. The protective effect of crude DDL extracts and canolol extracts as indicated from the total oxidation (TOTOX) value of oils indicates potential for value‐addition of DDL.
Arsenolipids in commercial canned cod liver: An occurrence and distribution study
Authors: Arroyo‐Abad Uriel , Mattusch Jürgen , Reemtsma Thorsten , Piechotta Christian 
Published: May 2014

Arsenolipids (AsL) of the type arsenic‐containing fatty acids (AsFA) and hydrocarbons (AsHC) are known to occur in seafood and their identification is today a challenge due to the need of data for toxicological assessment. The aim of this investigation was to enhance the data concerning AsL in commercial canned cod liver. Therefore, the present study focuses on the quantification and identification of AsL by LC–ICP‐MS combined with ESI‐MS. The molecular structure of 17 AsL was elucidated on the basis of their exact mass and their product ion spectra and two new AsFA tentatively identified. The total arsenic concentration in four different canned cod liver analyzed by ICP‐MS ranged from 2.6 to 5.5 mg As/kg with an extraction recovery of 98%. The AsL detected by RP‐IPC–MS comprise 58–95% of the total arsenic content, indicating that AsL are a major class of arsenic in canned cod liver. Much of the AsL detected in the canned cod liver extracts are, however, not yet identified.Practical applications: The results obtained in the present research show the possibility to apply the current extraction and detection method in different biological samples for the determination of AsL. Additionally, this information can be used for further studies to assess the risk of AsL for consumer health. On the other hand, the MS/MS results could be used for the future identification of AsL without the ICP‐MS detection and thus, low the cost of the analysis.Numerous arsenolipids (AsL) were detected and identified by HPLC hyphenated online with ICP‐MS (element specific detection) and ESI‐Q‐TOF‐MS (molecular structure detection) in commercial canned cod liver. ESI‐MS and ESI‐MS/MS spectra confirmed the proposed molecular structure of two new AsL of the type arsenic‐containing fatty acid identified for the first time in this study.
The influence of medical cost controls implemented by Taiwan's national health insurance program on doctor–patient relationships
Authors: Chiu Jhih‐Ling 
Published: May 2014

SummaryTo prevent medical costs from rising, the National Health Insurance administration implemented the global budget system for financial reform, effective 1 July 2004. Since the implementation of this system, patients have been required to pay for some medicines to limit costs to the system. More recently, as they have faced constant increases in health insurance fees and also faced an increase in the number of medical expenses they must pay during an economic recession and a rise in unemployment, would the economic burden on the people of Taiwan not be increased? Even though National Health Insurance is a form of social insurance, does it guarantee social equality? The value of the healthcare industry is irreplaceable, so the most critical concern is whether worsening doctor–patient relationships will worsen healthcare quality. In short, while the global budget system saves on National Health Insurance costs, whether its implementation has affected healthcare quality is also worth exploring. This commentary also hopes to serve as a reference for the implementation of national health insurance in the United States. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization and Functional Analysis of Voltage‐Dependent Anion Channel 1 (VDAC1) from Orange‐Spotted Grouper (Epinephelus coioides)
Authors: Shi Yan , Zhao Zhe , Hong Xiaoyou , Chen Kunci , Zhu Xinping 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTThe voltage‐dependent anion channel (VDAC) is a highly conserved integral protein of mitochondria in different eukaryotic species. It forms a selective channel in the mitochondrial outer membrane that serves as the controlled pathway for small metabolites and ions. In this study, a VDAC gene, EcVDAC1, was isolated from orange‐spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides). The EcVDAC1 exhibits ubiquitous expression in various tissues of orange‐spotted grouper and is upregulated in liver, gill, and spleen after stimulation with lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Subcellular localization analysis shows that the EcVDAC1 protein colocalized with the mitochondria. A caspase‐3 assay demonstrates that overexpression of the EcVDAC1 induced apoptotic cell death in fathead minnow cells. The data presented in this study provide new information regarding the relationship between LPS and the EcVDAC1 gene, suggesting that the fish VDAC1 gene may play an important role in antibacterial immune response.
Vascular resection during radical resection of pancreatic adenocarcinomas: evolution over the past 15 years
Authors: Ouaïssi Mehdi , Turrini Olivier , Hubert Catherine , Louis Guillaume , Gigot Jean‐François , Mabrut Jean‐Yves 
Published: May 2014

Abstract This literature review aimed to critically analyze oncological results of vascular resection during pancreatectomy for adenocarcinoma in the light of the concept evolution of locally advanced tumors and microscopic complete resection. The literature search was conducted in PubMed and Medline for the period June 1994 to December 2012, retaining English as the language of publication. The review of 12 publications indicated that mortality and morbidity rates were not significantly different for pancreatectomy with or without venous resection (VR). Six comparative studies showed worse long‐term survival in the VR group, though one meta‐analysis, albeit with a significant population heterogeneity, demonstrated that the overall survival between VR and the control group was similar (12% vs. 17%). The compilation of 13 comparative studies showed a significantly lower rate of complete microscopic resection in the VR patient group compared to controls (63% vs. 77%; P = 0.001). Concerning pancreatectomy combined to arterial resection, the literature review indicated a significantly greater mortality and morbidity rate and a lower survival rate compared to pancreatic resection alone. Conflicting results concerning the long‐term outcome of VR was due to the heterogeneity of the patient population. Since the only chance to cure patients of pancreatic adenocarcinoma is to obtain free resection margins, VR is a valid therapeutic option. But combined arterial resection to pancreatic resection does not appear to be recommended.
An apposition‐like compound eye with a layered rhabdom in the small diving beetle Agabus japonicus (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae)
Authors: Jia Lei‐Po , Liang Ai‐Ping 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTThe fine structure of the compound eyes of the adult diving beetle Agabus japonicus is described with light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy. The eye of A. japonicus is mango‐shaped and consists of about 985 ommatidia. Each ommatidium is composed of a corneal facet lens, an eucone type of crystalline cone, a fused layered rhabdom with a basal rhabdomere, seven retinula cells (including six distal cells and one basal cell), two primary pigment cells and an undetermined number of secondary pigment cells that are restricted to the distalmost region of the eye. A clear‐zone, separating dioptric apparatus from photoreceptive structures, is not developed and the eye thus resembles an apposition eye. The cross‐sectional areas of the rhabdoms are relatively large indicative of enhanced light‐sensitivity. The distal and central region of the rhabdom is layered with interdigitating microvilli suggesting polarization sensitivity. According to the features mentioned above, we suggest that 1) the eye, seemingly of the apposition type, occurs in a taxon for which the clear‐zone (superposition) eye is characteristic; 2) the eye possesses adaptations to function in a dim‐light environment; 3) the eye may be sensitive to underwater polarized light or linearly water‐reflected polarized light. J. Morphol. 275:1273–1283, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Surgical outcomes in the elderly patient after osteocutaneous free flap transfer
Authors: Weaver Tyler S. , Wester Jacob L. , Gleysteen John P. , Peck Jessica J. , Wax Mark K. 
Published: May 2014

Objectives/HypothesisMorbidity of free tissue transfer in the elderly patient is controversial. Recent studies have shown no significant difference in elderly fasciocutaneous free‐flap donor site morbidity. The purpose of this study is to assess surgical outcomes in elderly patients receiving osteocutaneous free‐tissue transfer.Study DesignRetrospective chart review of patients 70 years and older undergoing osteocutaneous free flaps from 2000 to 2013.MethodsFibular, radial forearm, and scapular flaps were reviewed. Younger patients randomly selected from the same time period served as controls. Data collected included donor site morbidity, flap complications, feeding tube and tracheostomy dependence, and hospital stay.ResultsForty‐four osteocutaneous free flaps were performed in elderly patients. Overall, there was no significant difference in donor site morbidity between older and younger patients (P = 0.50) (tendon exposure, P = 1.00; split‐thickness skin graft loss, P = 0.36; infections, P = 0.52; dehiscence, P = 1.00; and seroma, P = 1.00). There was no significant difference between older and younger patients being decannulated (P = 0.61) or the time to decannulation (P = 0.24). There was no difference in those who returned to baseline diet (P = 0.67). All patients returned to baseline ambulatory and shoulder status. Length of postoperative hospitalization (P = 0.78) and intensive care unit stay (P = 0.94) were also equal. The only significant difference was that more elderly patients were discharged to skilled nursing facilities (SNF) (40.9% vs. 15.9%, P < 0.01).ConclusionElderly patients undergoing free tissue transfer have similar flap and donor site outcomes, feeding tube and tracheostomy outcomes, ambulatory status, and hospital stays compared to younger patients. They are, however, more likely to require SNF care posthospitalization.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 124:2484–2488, 2014
Numerical study of pillar stresses and interaction effects for twin rock caverns
Authors: Zhang Wengang , Goh Anthony T.C. 
Published: May 2014

SummaryLarge underground caverns are increasingly being considered for the construction of industrial facilities and transportation infrastructure in order to optimize the use of surface land in large urban cities. Due to the geological constraints underground, it is sometimes necessary to construct a cavern close to an existing cavern. Pillars serve as an underground support element in twin caverns, without which it is difficult to sustain the weight of the overburden materials. If the strength of a pillar is exceeded, it will fail, and the load that it carried will be transferred and thereby contribute to the collapse of the twin caverns. The lack of confinement in slender pillars also contributes to the complete collapse of pillars at relatively low stress magnitudes. From a design point of view, understanding the pillar failure mechanism and the interaction effect between twin caverns is essential. This paper presents a numerical investigation on the influence of various design parameters on twin cavern interaction. Pillar performances with respect to the changes to the maximum principal stress in the pillar, the peak vertical stress, and the peak principal stress difference in the pillar core are studied in order to examine the failure mechanisms and to identify situations in which there is significant cavern interaction and overlap of the plastic zones. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Environmental degradation of E‐glass/nanocomposite under the combined effect of UV radiation, moisture, and rain
Authors: Agubra Victor A. , Mahesh Hosur V. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTThis study seeks to investigate how the enhanced properties of the nanoclay E‐glass/epoxy composite can withstand the combined effects of ultraviolet radiation, moisture, and rain. The montmorillonite nanoclay's affinity to moisture compounded the moisture absorption ability of the nanoclay E‐glass/epoxy composites. The moisture in the polymer structure caused delamination, debonding of the fibers/matrix, microvoids, and fiber pullouts. The high clay content (2 wt %), therefore, recorded the highest rate of degradation of 15% in flexural stress for the first 20 days, compared to about 8 and 6% loss for the unmodified (0 wt %) and 1 wt % composites respectively. However, as the aging progressed beyond 20 days, the rate of degradation of the nanoclay E‐glass/epoxy composites laminates was steady at 10 and 18%, respectively, for the 1 and 2 wt %, while that of the unmodified polymer continued to degrade progressively. On the contrary, the viscoelastic properties of the nanoclay E‐glass/epoxy composites continued to deteriorate at a faster rate than the unmodified polymer composite. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2014, 52, 1024–1029
H2 and O2 Activation—A Remarkable Insight into Hydrogenase
Authors: Ogo Seiji 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis article summarizes the development of a range of organometallic, biomimetic analogues of [NiFe]hydrogenases and their employment in a new generation of H2‐O2 fuel cells. It begins with a summary of O2‐sensitive and O2‐tolerant enzyme chemistry before detailing the properties and functionality of our biomimetic complexes, including: the first ever fully functional model, selective H2 and O2 activation, and the first catalyst using only common metals. These systems are centered on Ni–Fe, Ni–Ru, Ir–Ir, and Rh–Rh cores and use a range of ligands that all follow a set of design principles described herein.