bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Debris Flows, Turbidites, and Lead-Zinc Sulfides Along a Devonian Submarine Fault Scarp, Jason Prospect, Yukon Territory
Authors: Winn R. D. , Bailes R. J. , Lu K. I. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Lead-zinc sulfides were deposited during the Devonian in the locality of the Jason prospect, Yukon Territory. Massive and laminated sulfides are interbedded with clastics of the Canol Formation; galena and sphalerite, among other minerals, precipitated on the sea floor from exhalative fluids along the fault margins of a small graben. The depositional graben center consists of a thick sequence of conglomerates, sandstones, and finer clastics. These were derived from a western source, and were deposited largely by turbidity currents in channel and channel-flanking areas. Conglomerates are massive or graded, and some show faint parallel stratification. Sandstones show Bouma-interval sequences and some grooves and flutes. In contrast, the ore area has a thinner sequence which consists dominantly of sedimentary breccias, pebbly mudstones, and shales. Breccias and pebbly mudstones were deposited from debris flows and show a range of plastic mass-flow structures. Stratigraphic thinning and presence of laterally discontinuous and locally derived mass failure deposits indicate the existence of a penecontemporaneous fault zone. A few conglomerates and sandstones are interbedded with the ore horizon, and these and siltstones and shales were likely deposited from large turbidity currents. Involvement of sediments which had been deposited near the bottom of the graben in later mass failures indicates episodic fault movement during sedimentation. The fault zone appears to have positioned a sub-sea surface, geothermal system which formed metal-depositing fluids. Diamond drilling is underway to determine ore reserves. Core 78-30 shows the range of sedimentary structures and bedding styles of the ore zone.
Use of Monte Carlo simulation to determine pharmacodynamic cutoffs of amoxicillin to establish a breakpoint for antimicrobial susceptibility testing in pigs
Authors: Rey Julien F. , Laffont Céline M. , Croubels Siska , De Backer Patrick , Zemirline Claudine , Bousquet Eric , Guyonnet Jérôme , Ferran Aude A. , Bousquet-Melou Alain , Toutain Pierre-Louis 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Objective—To determine pharmacodynamic cutoffs with pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic principles and Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) for use of amoxicillin in pigs to set interpretive criteria for antimicrobial susceptibility testing.
Sample—191 plasma disposition curves of amoxicillin obtained from 21 IV, 104 IM, and 66 PO administrations corresponding to 2,098 plasma concentrations.
Procedures—A population model of amoxicillin disposition in pigs was developed for PO and IM administration. The MCS method was then used to determine, for various dosage regimens, the proportion of pigs achieving plasma amoxicillin concentrations greater than a selection of possible minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 0.0625 to 4 mg/L for at least 40% of a 24-hour period.
Results—A target attainment rate (TAR) of 90% was never achieved with the breakpoint recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (0.5 mg/L) when the usual recommended dosage (20 mg/kg/d) was used. Only by dividing the orally administered daily dose into 12-hour administration intervals was a TAR > 90% achieved when the total dose was at least 40 mg/kg for a pathogen having an MIC ≤ 0.0625 mg/L. For the IM route, the TAR of 90% could only be achieved for MICs of 0.0625 and 0.125 mg/L with the use of 15 and 30 mg/kg doses, respectively.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Population kinetics and MCS are required to determine robust species-specific interpretive criteria (susceptible, intermediate, and resistant classifications) for antimicrobial susceptibility testing breakpoints (taking into account interanimal variability).
Pharmacokinetics of meloxicam administered orally to rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) for 29 days
Authors: Delk Katie W. , Carpenter James W. , KuKanich Butch , Nietfeld Jerome C. , Kohles Micah 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Objective—To determine the pharmacokinetics and safety of meloxicam in rabbits when administered orally for 29 days.
Animals—6 healthy rabbits.
Procedures—Meloxicam (1.0 mg/kg, PO, q 24 h) was administered to rabbits for 29 days. Blood was collected immediately before (time 0) and 2, 4, 6, 8, and 24 hours after drug administration on days 1, 8, 15, 22, and 29 to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of meloxicam. On day 30, an additional sample was collected 36 hours after treatment. Plasma meloxicam concentrations were quantified with liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, and noncompartmental pharmacokinetic analysis was performed. Weekly plasma biochemical analyses were performed to evaluate any adverse physiologic effects. Rabbits were euthanatized for necropsy on day 31.
Results—Mean ± SD peak plasma concentrations of meloxicam after administration of doses 1, 8, 15, 22, and 29 were 0.67 ± 0.19 μg/mL, 0.81 ± 0.21 μg/mL, 1.00 ± 0.31 μg/mL, 1.00 ± 0.29 μg/mL, and 1.07 ± 0.19 μg/mL, respectively; these concentrations did not differ significantly among doses 8 through 29. Results of plasma biochemical analyses were within reference ranges at all time points evaluated. Gross necropsy and histologic examination of tissues revealed no clinically relevant findings.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Plasma concentrations of meloxicam for rabbits in the present study were similar to those previously reported in rabbits that received 1. 0 mg of meloxicam/kg, PO every 24 hours, for 5 days. Results suggested that a dosage of 1. 0 mg/kg, PO, every 24 hours for up to 29 days may be safe for use in healthy rabbits.
Geomorphosite assessment for geotourism purposes
Authors: Kubalíková Lucie 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The article briefly examines the relationship between geodiversity, geoheritage (represented by geosites and geomorphosites) and geotourism. It is obvious that geosites and geomorphosites represent a fundamental resource for geotourism. As geosites are defined as sites that present particular importance for the comprehension of the Earth history and bear mainly scientific values, geomorphosites concept is wider and includes also added values (e. g. cultural, aesthetic and economic). Therefore, for assessing the importance of the geological and geomorphological sites for geotourism purposes, the concept of geomorphosites is more appropriate. The article presents several assessment methods that represent a significant tool for geoconservation and geotourism purposes. The assessment is carried out from several perspectives with an emphasis on scientific, cultural and economic parameters of the sites. The results of the assessment can serve as a basis for appropriate use of geoheritage, its management and generally for identification of geotourism potential of the geological and geomorphological sites. To find out which method is suitable for geotourism purposes, it is necessary to take into account the definitions and principles of geotourism. Different assessment methods are analysed and discussed. Based on this, the proposal for criteria for geosite and geomorphosite assessment for geotourism purposes is presented.
QUEST QUALITY MANAGEMENT TOOL FOR SUSTAINABLE URBAN MOBILITY
Authors: Macsinka Klára 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The article introduces a method to evaluate and develop quality of sustainable mobility planning in European cities. This tool has been worked out by a European Consortium of experts representing 14 countries in Europe. The author - as the Hungarian member and auditor of the Consortium - participated in the project working as an auditor in four Hungarian cities, leading them through the process of the QUEST-method and helping the cities to develop a systematic way of planning sustainable mobility. In the article the process will be shown, advantages, lessons learned, drawbacks and possible future development of the method will be explained.
Characterisation of the Disadvantaged: Explaining Differences in Levels of Support for Independence by Income Levels, Economic Activity and Socio-economic Status
Authors: McLean Christopher , Thomson Douglas 
Published: January 2014

This paper specifically seeks to explain why those who are most disadvantaged in Scottish society are more likely to support independence. This focus on the lowest ranking socio-economic classes is relevant for two main reasons: one is that they are shown as consistently more likely to vote for constitutional change and, two, they are generally the least interested in politics and hence an understanding of their motives is necessary if they are to be better engaged with opinion formers. The analysis demonstrates, by contrasting the upper and lower population quarters on a number of socio-economic indicators (income and employment related groups), the differing attitudes which are displayed. Further characteristics of the lower quarter are highlighted. These include their greater tendency to identify themselves as Scottish rather than British and to expect general economic improvement following a yes vote in September. They are less likely to expect a lessening of economic inequality, however, and their recent support for the SNP is no higher than more affluent groups. They are also less likely to take an active interest in politics. This should help inform debate ahead of the 2014 referendum.
Marcher la nuit sans lanterne, c'est cueillir chardons pour luzerne.
Authors: Ambrosoli Mauro 
Published: January 2014

Botany and agriculture in Western Europe (1350-1850) -
After recalling the hypotheses developed in The Wild and the Sown and criticisms of them, the underlying research options are shown to be coherent. Two specific examples - the diffusion of clover in the Netherlands during the 17th and 18th centuries, and the policy for stimulating the exchange of botanical information in the Napoleonic empire - illustrate the possibility of extending this research. The growth of the international seed market along with the development of a global knowledge of plants and soils shared by botanists and agronomists all over Europe formed the essential conditions for the birth of a new agriculture before the 19th century agrochemical revolution. By shedding light on the flow of information and knowledge underlying the "agricultural revolution", a comprehensive approach to the history of the environment is shown to be worth considering.
Fuero nobiliaire et droit de justice.
Authors: Langue Frédérique 
Published: January 2014

Noble fuero and the right to dispense justice. The 18th century « lords and masters » of Zacatecas (Mexico) -
Quite real captains of industry before their time, the big landowners who dominated the mining region ofZacatecas, Mexico, reproduced a system of highly traditional values. This Hispanic heritage was based on a set of privileges that granted them absolute power far beyond their estates. This de facto power was shaped by these aristocrats' clans and patronage system. It was both the symbolic and real expression of a special right recognized by the Crown of Spain itself.
Justice and Non-Violent Jihâd
Authors: Banerjee Mukulika 
Published: January 2014

Justice et jihâd non violente : la lutte anti-coloniale à la frontière nord-ouest de l'Inde britannique -
Cet article traite d'un des mouvements de protestation qui ont vu le jour dans la Province de la frontière du Nord-Ouest de l'Inde britannique, près de la zone sensible séparant les empires britannique et russe, soumettant ainsi sa population à de dures lois et mesures punitives. Dans les années trente, les Pathans formèrent le mouvement Khudai Khidmatgar qui s'éleva contre la sévère res-
triction des libertés. Jusqu'au XIXe siècle, sous d'autres régimes non européens, l'exercice de la justice était resté une affaire pashtoune. Par la suite, l'administration coloniale modifia les procédures traditionnelles. J'examine ici comment cette lutte pour la justice fut menée.
Doit-on tout dire aux parents ? Le bilan psychologique au service de la guidance parentale
Authors: Goldman Caroline 
Published: January 2014

Nous constatons dans notre pratique clinique combien les parents sont demandeurs d’explications concernant la souffrance de leur enfant, mais aussi, surtout, de clefs pouvant les aider à amener eux-mêmes leur enfant vers la levée de ses symptômes. Or, l’accès à l’information et aux conseils de guidance parentale semble souvent refusé aux parents. Le bilan psychologique, si l’on sait en exploiter toutes les richesses, peut constituer cet outil informatif et didactique pour les parents. Pour cela, un certain nombre de facteurs doivent être mis en place par le psychologue : un interlocuteur unique pour tout le bilan, un entretien préliminaire suffisamment long avec les deux parents et l’enfant, plusieurs heures de travail à la rédaction du compte-rendu, une démonstration de pensée illustrée par des citations projectives de l’enfant, un abord transparent des figures parentales telles qu’elles apparaissent dans les protocoles, des hypothèses étiologiques à la lueur des apports de réalité offerts par l’entretien préliminaire, puis des conseils parfois très pragmatiques de guidance parentale découlant de ces données.
Gestion des biens collectifs, capital social et auto-organisation : l'apport d'Elinor OSTROM à l'Economie sociale et solidaire
Authors: Pérez Roland , Silva François 
Published: January 2014

Cette note introductive a pour objet de rappeler en quoi le projet intellectuel d’Elinor Ostrom (1933-2012, Prix Nobel d’Economie 2009) intéresse à plusieurs titres le champ de l’Economie Sociale et Solidaire (ESS). Après avoir rappelé quelques étapes significatives dans l’itinéraire intellectuel d’Elinor Ostrom. (I), nous présenterons l’idée centrale qu’elle a défendue autour de la gestion des biens collectifs, via l’auto-organisation des collectivités humaines concernées (II) ; nous mettrons ensuite l’accent sur l’utilisation du concept de « capital social », particulièrement important dans un contexte ESS (III) ; enfin, nous présenterons brièvement les différentes contributions composant ce cahier (IV).
Joint interpretation of geoelectrical and soil‐gas measurements for monitoring CO2 releases at a natural analogue
Authors: Sauer U. , Watanabe N. , Singh A. , Dietrich P. , Kolditz O. , Schütze C. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTThe development and validation of hierarchic monitoring concepts is essential for detecting and assessing possible leakages from storage formations, especially for carbon capture and storage (CCS) applications. Joint interpretation of various techniques (such as carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration and flux measurements, self‐potential (SP) and geoelectrical surveys) showed that the combination of geophysical methods with soil‐gas analysis for mesoscale monitoring of the shallow subsurface above geologic CO2 storages can be a valuable tool for mapping and monitoring potential CO2 spread in the subsurface. Three measurement campaigns were undertaken – May 2011, July 2011 and April 2012 – at an analogue site in the Cheb Basin, Czech Republic, with the aim of studying CO2 leakages and their temporal and spatial behaviour. Results of geoelectrical investigations give an insight into the structural features of the subsurface. CO2 discharge into the atmosphere is mostly impeded by shallow, clay‐rich, partly water‐saturated zones, which can be seen in the electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) results. Several transport processes can be identified based on SP measurements. The SP results highlight the complex behaviour of temporal variations for the flow patterns. In particular, coupled migration of gas and water plays an important influencing role in this process. Site‐specific, near surface geological features and meteorological conditions seem to exert great influence on the degassing pattern and measured CO2 values. Therefore, soil‐gas measurements represent a snapshot which illustrates both a distinct typical pattern of the soil‐gas distribution in the near subsurface and certain differences caused by soil and meteorological conditions. Observed CO2 soil‐gas anomalies and modelled results suggest that the occurrence of gas discharge is much more localized around restricted areas, often controlled by local permeability contrasts. Hence, our results show that a proposed monitoring concept should integrate SP, time‐lapse ERT, meteorological parameters and soil‐gas measurements to provide a comprehensive insight into the subsurface structures and processes.
3D effects on 2D resistivity monitoring in earth‐fill dams
Authors: Cho In‐Ky , Ha Ik‐Soo , Kim Ki‐Seog , Ahn Hee‐Yoon , Lee Seunghee , Kang Hye‐Jin 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTMeasuring resistivity is a potentially powerful method of monitoring leakage zones that have developed in a dam, and their expansion over time. Generally, for embankment dams, two‐dimensional (2D) resistivity data have been measured along the dam crest for the detection of leakage zones. However, the three‐dimensional (3D) effects created by specific dam geometry and fluctuations in reservoir water levels significantly distort the 2D resistivity data measured at the dam crest. This study evaluates the 3D effects through 3D resistivity modelling software, which was developed to calculate apparent resistivity data for geometries and material distributions for embankment dams. These modelling results demonstrated that the 3D effect from the dam geometry and variations in water level is significant. Especially, in the case of monitoring, changes in 3D effects from water level fluctuations cause a spurious near‐surface layer when time‐lapse inversion is applied with a cross‐model constraint. To overcome this problem, we introduced a combined reference model constructed from the independent inversion of both time‐lapse data and original reference data. The combined reference model was able to effectively suppress the spurious near‐surface layer and to clearly image the damaged zone when the change in water level was small. However, a time‐lapse inversion using the combined reference model also failed to identify the damaged zone when the change in water level was large. Finally, by using the resistivity monitoring system devised for dam surveillance to a test dam site, resistivity monitoring data were acquired. From the time‐lapse inversion of two data sets showing a large change in water level between two measurements, it was confirmed that the variation of water levels produces the occurrence of a spurious near‐surface layer due to a strong 3D effect.
Reconstruction of segmental defects of Achilles tendon: Is it a must in infected complex defects?
Authors: Sabapathy S. Raja , Venkataramani Hari , Latheef Latheesh , Bhardwaj Praveen 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTLoss of Achilles tendon combined with overlying soft tissue loss is a challenging problem. Multiple techniques like tendon graft with coverage by soft tissue flap or composite flaps have been used. All these options are technically demanding. Reports do exist whereby muscle flaps bridging the defect used as cover in course of time could transmit the tendon force across the defect. We are presenting a case where a free gracilis muscle flap used to cover the soft tissue defect at the Achilles tendon at 2 years follow up provided stable cover and produced active function of the Achilles tendon allowing the patient to stand tip toe. Mechanism of its action has been analysed by MRI and M-mode ultrasound. While in primary Achilles tendon injury reconstruction is still the recommended option, in complex situations mere filling of the gap with the flap without formal reconstruction of the tendon could give good functional outcome. This technique can be used in demanding situations.
Rare case of nasolacrimal duct opening into face
Authors: Nayak Bibhuti Bhusan , Mohanty Nilamani , Patnaik Annada Prasad 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTCongenital anomaly of nasolacrimal duct is mostly obstructive in nature or is seen in oblique facial clefts. Nasolacrimal duct drain into the inferior meatus in the nose in a normally developed face. We report a rare case of aberrant opening of distal end of nasolacrimal duct into the external skin lateral to the ala of nose in an adult patient. The only case reported so far was in an infant. The patient is a 22 year young male presenting with an opening lateral to the left ala of nose with recurrent discharge and conjunctivitis of left eye. The embryology is also discussed.
Dental subscale of children′s fear survey schedule and dental caries prevalence
Authors: P. Beena J. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT
Objective: To assess the level of fear of dental procedures among 6-12 year school children and correlate the prevalence of dental caries with their dental fears scores. Materials and Methods: The study sample of 444 school children, comprising of 224 girls and 220 boys in the age group of 6-12 years old from a private English medium school were selected. Each student was asked to independently complete a Children′s Fear Survey Schedule - Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS) questionnaire. Children having a score of ≥ 38 were included in the ′′dental fear′′ group while those scoring <38 were placed in the ′′without dental fear′′ group. All dental examinations were performed in the classroom. Results: Fear scores were highest for ′′Injections,′′ (3.76 ± 0.68) ′′Choking,′′ (3.48 ± 0.63) and ′′Dentist drilling′′ (2.88 ± 0.69). The overall mean score of CFSS-DS in our study was 37.0 ± 8.89, mean score of DMFT and DMFS were 0.58 ± 0.74 and 0.73 ± 1.09, respectively. Mean score of deft and defs were 4.40 ± 2.34 and 7.28 ± 5.49, respectively. Conclusion: The study showed the prevalence of dental fear in 6-12 year old children and there was no statistically significant co-relation between the level of dental fear and dental caries in these children.