bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonal variations in the structure of copepod assemblages in tropical marine and estuarine waters, Coleroon, south-east India
Authors: Rajkumar M. , Sun Jun , Jenkinson I. R. , Rahman M.M. 
Published: December 2013

A twelve-month investigation was undertaken on how copepod community structure varied in relation to environmental factors in the Coleroon estuary, south-east India. Sampling was monthly, from Station 1 in the sea to Station 4 in the Vettar backwaters. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was applied to elucidate the environmental factors affecting the copepod community. A total of 104 copepod species in 38 genera and 26 families were recorded, with the Calanoids, Acartia erythraea and Oithona brevicornis being the most dominant. At all four stations, both these species loaded near the intercept of CCA axes 1 and 2, perhaps reflecting that they were autochthonous. Most species occurred in distinct seasonal patterns. Abundances ranged from 13 × 103 to 215 × 103 (ind. m−3). Coleroon waters showed high diversity (bits/ind.), from 5.29 at Station 3 to 4.97 at Station 4. Abundance correlated positively with temperature and salinity and negatively with rainfall, dissolved oxygen concentration (DO) and pH. Species diversity correlated strongly with abundance (P < 0.01). Abundance and diversity were highest during the summer, and both correlated positively with salinity. Temperatures (air and water), salinity, pH and DO varied in the ranges 26–36°C, 25–34.2°C, 9–38, 7.0–8.7 and 3.0–6.8 ml l-1, respectively. Nitrate, nitrite, phosphate and silicate (µM) varied in the ranges: 4.7–64.5, 0.4–14.1, 0.2–12.9 and 9.3–148, respectively.
Reshaping US Navy Pacific Response in Mitigating Disaster Risk in South Pacific Island Nations: Adopting Community-Based Disaster Cycle Management
Authors: Reaves Erik J. , Termini Michael , Burkle Frederick M. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe US Department of Defense continues to deploy military assets for disaster relief and humanitarian actions around the world. These missions, carried out through geographically located Combatant Commands, represent an evolving role the US military is taking in health diplomacy, designed to enhance disaster preparedness and response capability. Oceania is a unique case, with most island nations experiencing “acute-on-chronic” environmental stresses defined by acute disaster events on top of the consequences of climate change. In all Pacific Island nation-states and territories, the symptoms of this process are seen in both short- and long-term health concerns and a deteriorating public health infrastructure. These factors tend to build on each other. To date, the US military's response to Oceania primarily has been to provide short-term humanitarian projects as part of Pacific Command humanitarian civic assistance missions, such as the annual Pacific Partnership, without necessarily improving local capacity or leaving behind relevant risk-reduction strategies. This report describes the assessment and implications on public health of large-scale humanitarian missions conducted by the US Navy in Oceania. Future opportunities will require the Department of Defense and its Combatant Commands to show meaningful strategies to implement ongoing, long-term, humanitarian activities that will build sustainable, host nation health system capacity and partnerships. This report recommends a community-centric approach that would better assist island nations in reducing disaster risk throughout the traditional disaster management cycle and defines a potential and crucial role of Department of Defense's assets and resources to be a more meaningful partner in disaster risk reduction and community capacity building.ReavesEJ,TerminiM,BurkleFMJr.Reshaping US Navy Pacific response in mitigating disaster risk in South Pacific Island nations: adopting community-based disaster cycle management.Prehosp Disaster Med.2014;29(1):1-9.
Pseudo-Outbreak ofKlebsiella oxytocaSpontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis Attributed to Contamination of Multidose Vials of Culture Medium Supplement
Authors: Perez Federico , Deshpande Abhishek , Kundrapu Sirisha , Hujer Andrea M. , Bonomo Robert A. , Donskey Curtis J. 
Published: December 2013

Objective.To determine the source of a cluster ofKlebsiella oxytocaisolates cultured from peritoneal fluid of 3 patients with cirrhosis on a single day.Design.Outbreak investigation and before-after study.Setting.A Veterans Affairs medical center.Methods.Epidemiologic investigation, analysis of antimicrobial susceptibility testing results and molecular typing ofK. oxytocaisolates with repetitive sequence-based polymerase chain reaction (rep-PCR), review of microbiology laboratory procedures for processing peritoneal fluid cultures, and comparison of peritoneal fluid contamination rates 18 months before and after modification of laboratory procedures for culturing peritoneal fluid.Results.Each of the peritoneal fluid samples that grewK. oxytocawas inoculated into blood culture bottles by different clinicians at different hospital locations. None of the patients had clinical findings suggestive of peritonitis or elevated polymorphonuclear cell counts in peritoneal fluid (range, 3-25 cells/μL). Molecular typing with rep-PCR demonstrated that theK. oxytocaisolates were genetically related (greater than 95% similarity). Laboratory procedures included the routine addition of a culture medium supplement of yeast extract and dextrose from a multidose vial into blood culture bottles with peritoneal fluid. After discontinuing use of the culture medium supplement, there was a marked reduction in the number of peritoneal fluid cultures deemed as contaminants (14.3% vs 0.9%;P<.001).Conclusion.A pseudo-outbreak ofK. oxytocaperitonitis and high rates of contamination of peritoneal fluid were attributable to contamination of a multidose culture medium supplement. This article highlights the importance of discouraging the use of multidose vials in all clinical settings.
Being there for my grandchild – grandparents' responses to their grandchildren's exposure to domestic violence
Authors: Sandberg Linn 
Published: December 2013

AbstractGrandparents whose grandchildren are exposed to domestic violence are faced with some unique challenges in their grandparenting, which have thus far been little discussed in research. This paper discusses the narratives of 10 Swedish grandparents whose grandchildren have been exposed to violence towards their mother. The aim was to explore grandparents' narrations of their responses in the face of violence, and their understanding of the role they play in their grandchildren's social networks. Two significant responses are discussed: ‘being there’ and ‘acknowledging the independence and self‐determination of the adult children’. Grandparents experienced these responses as contradictory and felt powerless when it came to their possibilities to protect their grandchildren. The paper suggests that grandparents could be a resource for domestic violence services, and social work practice needs to assess the roles of grandparents of children exposed to domestic violence. Social workers should consider the challenges these grandparents are facing and what support they may need in order to support their grandchildren.
Impacts of Pleistocene glacial loading on abnormal pore‐water pressure in the eastern Michigan Basin
Authors: Khader O. , Novakowski K. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe hydromechanical effects of Pleistocene glacial loading on the Michigan Basin are assessed using numerical analysis based on coupled stress and pore‐water pressure. The two‐dimensional model domain included the Basin cross section and extended 10 km into the Precambrian. In the analysis, we considered the effects of the number of glacial loading cycles, the presence and connectedness of a deep Cambrian aquifer, the direction of glacial advance, the effect of a wet versus dry glacier/soil interface, topographic effects, density‐driven flow effects, and lithosphere flexure on the development of anomalous pressures. The modeling results were compared with data collected from highly instrumented wells completed in the eastern margin of the Basin. The present‐day results define regions of significant underpressure in the upper Ordovician and lower Silurian formations characterized by very low hydraulic conductivity and regions of overpressure where hydraulic conductivity is higher. To achieve the degree of underpressure observed in the instrumented wells using the model, a specific loading cycle applied over 100 000 years was repeated four times. As the number of loading cycles increased, the Paleozoic formations reached a state where the underpressures remain constant. Our results also illustrate the difference in poroelastic modeling between the application of mechanical loads on the land surface and the application of an equivalent hydraulic head, where the latter developed overpressures rather than the observed underpressures. The modeling also shows that the overpressures observed in the Cambrian formations are most likely to be the result of density‐driven flow. Finally, the simulations show that the effects of lithosphere flexure in the hydromechanical models results in the development of lateral stresses that generate overpressures rather than underpressures in the southern half of the domain. As there are no suitable observation points, these results remain unconfirmed, and further study is warranted.
Oncological outcomes of renal pelvic and ureteral cancer patients registered in 2005: The first large population report from the Cancer Registration Committee of the Japanese Urological Association
Authors: Fujimoto Hiroyuki , Nakanishi Hiroyuki , Miki Tsuneharu , Kanayama Hiro‐omi , Ohyama Chikara , Suzuki Kazuhiro , Nishiyama Hiroyuki , Eto Masatoshi , Naito Seiji , Fukumori Tomoharu , Kubota Yoshinobu , Takahashi Satoru , Homma Yukio , Kamoi Kazumi 
Published: December 2013

ObjectivesTo describe the clinical and pathological characteristics and the outcomes of renal pelvic and ureteral cancer patients diagnosed in 2005 in Japan.MethodsIn 2011, data were collected from renal pelvic and ureteral cancer patients diagnosed in 2005. A total of 1509 registered patients from 348 institutions were analyzed. Epidemiology and survival were analyzed based on each cancer location and on cancer multiplicity.ResultsThe 5‐year overall survival of the 1509 patients was estimated at 0.64. Open surgery was carried out in 409 renal pelvic cancer cases (66.9%) and 315 ureteral cancer cases (63.0%). The retroperitoneal approach was common, and lymph node dissection was carried out in approximately one‐third of open surgery cases and one‐fifth of laparoscopic cases. Approximately 60% of the operated unilateral renal pelvic or ureteral cancer was diagnosed as invasive, and just 14.6% was diagnosed as stage pTa. Distribution of the estimated worst tumor grade was significantly different for renal pelvic cancer and ureteral cancer.ConclusionsThis article presents the first large population report of survival data in Japanese renal pelvic and ureteral cancer patients. In comparison with the Japanese bladder cancer database report in 1999–2001 from the Cancer Registration Committee of the Japanese Urological Association, the pathological characteristics of renal pelvic and ureteral cancer were diagnosed as aggressive.
Morphotropic Phase Boundary in Solution‐Derived (Bi0.5Na0.5)1−xBaxTiO3 Thin Films: Part I Crystalline Structure and Compositional Depth Profile
Authors: Pérez‐Mezcua Dulce , Sirera Rafael , Bretos Iñigo , Ricote Jesús , Jimenez Ricardo , Fuentes‐Cobas Luis , Escobar‐Galindo Ramón , Chateigner Daniel , Lourdes Calzada M. 
Published: December 2013

In this work, ferroelectric (Bi0.5Na0.5)1−xBaxTiO3 thin films were fabricated by chemical solution deposition (CSD) with compositions x = 0.050–0.150. Stoichiometric thin films (hereinafter BNBT) and others containing 10 mol% excesses of Bi3+ and Na+ (BNBTxs) were spin coated onto Pt/TiO2/SiO2/(100)Si substrates and crystallized by rapid thermal processing at 650°C for 60 s in oxygen atmosphere. Crystalline structure is studied by X‐ray diffraction using Cu anode (λCu = 1.5406 Ǻ) and synchrotron radiation (λ = 0.97354 Ǻ). Rietveld refinement showed the coexistence of rhombohedral/tetragonal phases in the BNBT films for x values close to those reported for (Bi0.5Na0.5)1−xBaxTiO3 bulk ceramics. Different volume fractions of the rhombohedral/tetragonal phases are detected as a function of the Ba2+ content. An apparent shift of the position of the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) is observed in the BNBTxs films. Here, the MPB region appears for nominal Ba2+ molar values of x ~ 0.10 and the experiments using a grazing‐incidence synchrotron radiation indicate the existence of a crystalline phase with pyrochlore structure at the film surface. Rutherford backscattering experiments (RBS) revealed that the bismuth excess is not volatilized during the crystallization of the BNBTxs films which present inhomogeneous compositional depth profile and thick BixPt bottom interfaces. The MPB BNBT films with x ~ 0.055 have a homogeneous compositional depth profile without appreciable bottom interfaces. Scanning electron micrographs reveal less porosity and higher grain sizes in the stoichiometric films than in those with Bi3+ and Na+ excesses.
Predicting type 2 diabetes using Sasang constitutional medicine
Authors: Cho Nam H , Kim Jong Yeol , Kim Sung Soo , Lee Seung Ku , Shin Chol 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAims/IntroductionSasang constitutional medicine (SCM) has existed in traditional Korean medicine for more than 100 years. SCM consists of four different types: So‐Eum (SE), So‐Yang (SY), Tae‐Eum (TE) and Tae‐Yang (TY). It is of great importance that the Sasang constitution type (SCT) be evaluated accurately and recognized by medical communities.Materials and MethodsFrom the Ansung–Ansan prospective cohort study, 10,038 participants were recruited from the years 2001–2002. Of 10,038 original participants, 2,460 participants underwent SCT evaluation. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to predict diabetes during the 10‐year follow‐up period.ResultsDuring 10 years of follow up (22,007 person‐years), 472 incidence cases (215/10,000 Incidence Density) of type 2 diabetes mellitus were documented. We identified that the TE group was significantly older, more obese, and had higher blood pressure, glucose metabolic values and lipid profiles levels. Relative risk (RR) and 95% confident intervals (CI) for type 2 diabetes were 1.696 (95% CI 1.204–2.39, P = 0.003) for TE when compared with the SE type. After controlling all potential confounders, the Cox proportional hazard model showed that RR was 1.635 (95% CI 1.111–2.406) in non‐obese (body mass index <25) TE, and RR was 1.725 (95% CI 1.213–2.452) in obese (body mass index ≥25) TE when compared with the SE type. We did not find any differences when comparing SE and SY types. The findings shows that TE is a higher risk factor for type 2 Diabetes, independent of obesity level.ConclusionsThe present study suggests that the TE type, independent of obesity level, is a strong risk factor of type 2 diabetes.
Learning clinical reasoning
Authors: Pinnock Ralph , Welch Paul 
Published: December 2013

AbstractErrors in clinical reasoning continue to account for significant morbidity and mortality, despite evidence‐based guidelines and improved technology. Experts in clinical reasoning often use unconscious cognitive processes that they are not aware of unless they explain how they are thinking. Understanding the intuitive and analytical thinking processes provides a guide for instruction. How knowledge is stored is critical to expertise in clinical reasoning. Curricula should be designed so that trainees store knowledge in a way that is clinically relevant. Competence in clinical reasoning is acquired by supervised practice with effective feedback. Clinicians must recognise the common errors in clinical reasoning and how to avoid them. Trainees can learn clinical reasoning effectively in everyday practice if teachers provide guidance on the cognitive processes involved in making diagnostic decisions.
Route less travelled? Ambulance use for children with high‐acuity acute illness
Authors: Hopgood Timothy , Shepherd Michael 
Published: December 2013

AimAmbulance transportation offers important supportive care and treatment en route to definitive treatment. However, children may be at risk of under‐utilising ambulance transportation, where private vehicle is possible. This study aims to determine how many of the sickest children present to hospitals in Auckland via ambulance and whether certain population groups are lower users of ambulance services.MethodsTransportation, demographic and outcome data were collected and analysed for children presenting to Starship Children's Health (Starship) from 1 January to 31 December 2011), who were ‘self referrals’ to hospital, less than 15 years of age, and assigned triage category 1 and 2 on presentation.ResultsThere were 1047 presentations to Starship identified that met inclusion criteria. Of these, 256 of the 341 triage one presentations (75.1%) and 217 of the 706 triage two presentations (30.7%) were transported by ambulance.Ambulance use was higher among older children (P < 0.001). Severity of illness or injury, as estimated by admission rates (56.7% vs. 43.3%, P = 0.21) and length of hospital stay (median = 1 day, P = 0.92), did not differ significantly by mode of transportation. There was no observed relationship with gender, ethnicity or area deprivation index score.ConclusionA significant proportion of acutely unwell children presenting to hospital were not transported by ambulance, particularly those aged less than 1 year. This has the potential to result in worse health outcomes. There were no identified associations with patient demographics, and further research is required to better understand this problem and develop solutions.
Iron deficiency in children with global developmental delay and autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Sidrak Samuel , Yoong Terence , Woolfenden Susan 
Published: December 2013

AimTo investigate the prevalence of and risk factors for iron deficiency in children with global developmental delay and/or autism spectrum disorder (ASD).MethodA retrospective review was conducted of the files of children referred to community paediatric clinics in South West Sydney from May 2009 to July 2011 who were diagnosed with global developmental delay and/or ASD. Data were extracted on iron studies and potential risk factors. Data were analysed using Pearson's ÷2‐test and Fisher's exact test.ResultsSubjects included 122 children. The prevalence of iron depletion was 2.5% (95% CI 0.5–7.0%); that of iron deficiency was 6.6% (95% CI 2.9–12.5%), and that of iron deficiency anaemia was 4.1% (95% CI 1.3–9.3%). In children with global developmental delay without ASD, the prevalence of iron depletion was 1.8% (95% CI 0–9.7%), that of iron deficiency 5.5% (95% CI 1.1–15.1%) and that of iron deficiency anaemia 5.5% (95% CI 1.1–15.1%). In children with ASD with or without global developmental delay, the prevalence of iron depletion was 3.0% (95% CI 0.4–10.4%), that of iron deficiency 7.5% (95% CI 2.5–16.6%) and that of iron deficiency anaemia 3.0% (95% CI 0.4–10.4%). Univariate analysis demonstrated three significant potential risk factors for iron depletion, iron deficiency and iron deficiency anaemia: problems sucking, swallowing or chewing (P = 0.002); poor eating behaviour (P = 0.008); and inadequate amounts of meat, chicken, eggs or fish (P = 0.002).ConclusionIron deficiency and iron deficiency anaemia were more common in this clinical sample of children with global developmental delay and/or ASD than in the general population.
Rottlerin-induced autophagy leads to the apoptosis in breast cancer stem cells: molecular mechanisms
Authors: Kumar Dhruv , Shankar Sharmila , Srivastava Rakesh K 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackgroundAutophagy is an indispensable lysosomal self-digestion process involved in the degradation of aggregated proteins and damaged organelles. Autophagy is associated with the several pathological processes, including cancer. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play significant roles in cancer initiation, progression and drug resistance. Recent studies have demonstrated the antitumor activities of plant-derived chemopreventive agent rottlerin (Rott). However, the molecular mechanism by which Rott induces autophagy in breast CSCs has not been investigated.ResultsThe objectives of this study were to examine the molecular mechanism by which Rott induces autophagy which leads to apoptosis in breast CSCs. Treatment of breast CSCs with Rott for 24 h resulted in a concentration dependent induction of autophagy, followed by apoptosis as measured by flow cytometry. Electron microscopy confirmed the presence of autophagosomes in Rott treated breast CSCs. Western blot analysis showed that Rott treatment increased the expression of LC3, Beclin-1 and Atg12 that are accumulated during autophagy. Prolonged exposure of breast CSCs to Rott caused apoptosis which was associated with the suppression of phosphorylated Akt and mTOR, upregulation of phosphorylated AMPK, and downregulation of anti-apoptosis Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, XIAP and cIAP-1. Knock-down of Atg7 or Beclin-1 by shRNA inhibited Rott-induced autophagy at 24 h. Our study also demonstrates that pre-treatment of breast CSCs with autophagosome inhibitors 3-methyladenine and Bafilomycin, as well as protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide inhibited Rott-induced autophagy and apoptosis. Rott induces autophagy via extensive cytoplasmic vacuolization in breast CSCs. Molecular docking results between C2-domain of protein kinase C-delta and Rott indicated that both hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions contributed significantly for ligand binding with minimum binding affinity of ≈ 7.5 Kcal/mol. Although, autophagy inhibitors suppress the formation of cytoplasmic vacuolization and autophagy in breast CSCs, the potency of Rott to induce autophagy and apoptosis might be based on its capability to activate several pathways such as AMPK and proteasome inhibition.ConclusionsA better understanding of the relationship between autophagy and apoptosis would eventually allow us to discover novel drugs for the treatment of breast cancer by eliminating CSCs.
Do parents drink their children’s welfare? Intra-household allocation of time between market labour, domestic work and child care in Russia
Authors: Giannelli Gianna Claudia , Mangiavacchi Lucia , Piccoli Luca 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to investigate whether parental alcohol consumption leads to a reduction of child welfare. To this end, we analyse whether alcohol consumption decreases parents’ time spent looking after children and working. Using the Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey, we estimate a model of intra-household allocation of time for mono-nuclear families with children under fifteen years of age. We find that fathers’ alcohol consumption has a negative impact on their weekly hours spent doing child care, while no significant effect is observed for mothers’ alcohol consumption.

JEL codes

D1; I1; J13; J22