bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beyond the accolades: a postcolonial critique of the foundations of the Ottawa Charter
Authors: McPhail-Bell Karen , Fredericks Bronwyn , Brough Mark 
Published: June 2013

Introduction: The Ottawa Charter is undeniably of pivotal importance in the history of ideas associated with the establishment of health promotion. There is much to applaud in a charter which responds to the need to take action on the social and economic determinants of health and which seeks to empower communities to be at the centre of this. Such accolades tend to position the Ottawa Charter as ‘beyond critique’; a taken-for-granted ‘given’ in the history of health promotion. In contrast, we argue it is imperative to critically reflect on its ‘manufacture’ and assess the possibility that certain voices have been privileged, and others marginalized. Methods: This paper re-examines the 1986 Ottawa Conference including its background papers from a postcolonial standpoint. We use critical discourse analysis as a tool to identify the enactment of power within the production of the Ottawa health promotion discourse. This exercise draws attention to both the power to ensure the dominant presence of privileged voices at the conference as well as the discursive strategies deployed to ‘naturalize’ the social order of inequality. Results: Our analysis shows that the discourse informing the development of the Ottawa Charter strongly reflected Western/colonizer centric worldviews, and actively silenced the possibility of countervailing Indigenous and developing country voices. Conclusion: The Ottawa Charter espouses principles of participation, empowerment and social justice. We question then whether the genesis of the Ottawa Charter lives up to its own principles of practice. We conclude that reflexive practice is crucial to health promotion, which ought to include a preparedness for health promotion to more critically acknowledge its own history. (Global Health Promotion, 2013; 20(2): 22–29)
Increased invasion and tumorigenicity capacity of CD44+/CD24- breast cancer MCF7 cells in vitro and in nude mice
Authors: Yan Wenxing , Chen Yubing , Yao Yueliang , Zhang Hongmei , Wang Tiejun 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundIdentification of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and their behaviors will provide insightful information for the future control of human cancers. This study investigated CD44 and CD24 cell surface markers as breast cancer CSC markersin vitroandin vivo.MethodsFlow cytometry with CD44 and CD24 markers was used to sort breast cancer MCF7 cells for scanning electron microscopy (SEM), tumor cell invasion assay, and nude mouse xenograft assay.ResultsFlow cytometry assay using CD44 and CD24 markers sorted MCF7 cells into four subsets, i.e., CD44+/CD24-/low, CD44-/CD24+, CD44+/CD24+, and CD44-/CD24-. The SEM data showed that there were many protrusions on the surface of CD44+/CD24-/lowcells. CD44+/CD24-/lowcells had many microvilli and pseudopodia. The CD44+/CD24-/lowcells had a higher migration and invasion abilities than that of the other three subsets of the cells. Thein vivotumor formation assay revealed that CD44+/CD24-cells had the highest tumorigenic capacity compared to the other three subsets.ConclusionCD44 and CD24 could be useful markers for identification of breast CSCs because CD44+/CD24-/lowcells had unique surface ultrastructures and the highest tumorigenicity and invasive abilities.
Overexpression of PRMT6 does not suppress HIV-1 Tat transactivation in cells naturally lacking PRMT6
Authors: Sivakumaran Haran , Lin Min-Hsuan , Apolloni Ann , Cutillas Vincent , Jin Hongping , Li Dongsheng , Wei Ting , Harrich David 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Background
Protein arginine methyltransferase 6 (PRMT6) can methylate the HIV-1 Tat, Rev and nucleocapsid proteins in a manner that diminishes each of their functions in in vitro assays, and increases the stability of Tat in human cells. In this study, we explored the relationship between PRMT6 and HIV-1 Tat by determining the domains in each protein required for interaction.

Methods
Through domain mapping and immunoprecipitation experiments, we determined that both the amino and carboxyl termini of PRMT6, and the activation domain within Tat are essential for interaction. Mutation of the basic domain of Tat did not affect the ability of PRMT6 to interact with Tat.

Results
We next used the A549 human alveolar adenocarcinoma cell line, which naturally expresses undetectable levels of PRMT6, as a model for testing the effects of PRMT6 on Tat stability, transactivation, and HIV-1 replication. As previously observed, steady state levels and the protein half-life of Tat were increased by the ectopic expression of PRMT6. However, no down regulation of Tat transactivation function was observed, even with over 300-fold molar excess of PRMT6 plasmid. We also observed no negative effect on HIV-1 infectivity when A549 producer cells overexpressed PRMT6.

Conclusions
We show that PRMT6 requires the activation domain, but surprisingly not the basic domain, of Tat for protein interaction. This interaction between Tat and PRMT6 may impact upon pathogenic effects attributed to Tat during HIV-1 infection other than its function during transactivation.
Maintaining the structural integrity of the bamboo mosaic virus3′ untranslated region is necessary for retaining the catalytic constant for minus-strand RNA synthesis
Authors: Chen I-Hsuan , Chu Chiu-Heiu , Lin Jen-Wen , Hsu Yau-Heiu , Tsai Ching-Hsiu 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Background

Bamboo mosaic virus (BaMV) and the Potato virus X (PVX) are members of the genus Potexvirus and have a single-stranded positive-sense RNA genome. The 3′-untranslated region (UTR) of the BaMV RNA genome was mapped structurally into ABC (a cloverleaf-like), D (a stem-loop), and E (pseudoknot) domains. The BaMV replicase complex that was isolated from the infected plants was able to recognize the 3′ UTR of PVX RNA to initiate minus-strand RNA synthesis in vitro.

Results
To investigate whether the 3′ UTR of PVX RNA is also compatible with BaMV replicase in vivo, we constructed chimera mutants using a BaMV backbone containing the PVX 3′ UTR, which was inserted in or used to replace the various domains in the 3′ UTR of BaMV. None of the mutants, except for the mutant with the PVX 3′ UTR inserted upstream of the BaMV 3′ UTR, exhibited a detectable accumulation of viral RNA in Nicotiana benthamiana plants. The in vitro BaMV RdRp replication assay demonstrated that the RNA products were generated by the short RNA transcripts, which were derived from the chimera mutants to various extents. Furthermore, the Vmax/KM of the BaMV 3′ UTR (rABCDE) was approximately three fold higher than rABCP, rP, and rDE in minus-strand RNA synthesis. These mutants failed to accumulate viral products in protoplasts and plants, but were adequately replicated in vitro.

Conclusions
Among the various studied BaMV/PVX chimera mutants, the BaMV-S/PABCDE that contained non-interrupted BaMV 3′ UTR was the only mutant that exhibited a wild-type level of viral product accumulation in protoplasts and plants. These results indicate that the continuity of the domains in the 3′ UTR of BaMV RNA was not interrupted and the domains were not replaced with the 3′ UTR of PVX RNA in vivo.
Mining functional subgraphs from cancer protein-protein interaction networks
Authors: Shen Ru , Goonesekere Nalin CW , Guda Chittibabu 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Background
Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks carry vital information about proteins' functions. Analysis of PPI networks associated with specific disease systems including cancer helps us in the understanding of the complex biology of diseases. Specifically, identification of similar and frequently occurring patterns (network motifs) across PPI networks will provide useful clues to better understand the biology of the diseases.

Results
In this study, we developed a novel pattern-mining algorithm that detects cancer associated functional subgraphs occurring in multiple cancer PPI networks. We constructed nine cancer PPI networks using differentially expressed genes from the Oncomine dataset. From these networks we discovered frequent patterns that occur in all networks and at different size levels. Patterns are abstracted subgraphs with their nodes replaced by node cluster IDs. By using effective canonical labeling and adopting weighted adjacency matrices, we are able to perform graph isomorphism test in polynomial running time. We use a bottom-up pattern growth approach to search for patterns, which allows us to effectively reduce the search space as pattern sizes grow. Validation of the frequent common patterns using GO semantic similarity showed that the discovered subgraphs scored consistently higher than the randomly generated subgraphs at each size level. We further investigated the cancer relevance of a select set of subgraphs using literature-based evidences.

Conclusion
Frequent common patterns exist in cancer PPI networks, which can be found through effective pattern mining algorithms. We believe that this work would allow us to identify functionally relevant and coherent subgraphs in cancer networks, which can be advanced to experimental validation to further our understanding of the complex biology of cancer.
Gold nanoparticles - the theranostic challenge for PPPM: nanocardiology application
Authors: Spivak Mykola Ya , Bubnov Rostyslav V , Yemets Ilya M , Lazarenko Liudmyla M , Tymoshok Natalia O , Ulberg Zoia R 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
The article overviews the potential biomedical applications of nanoscale gold particles for predictive, preventive and personalised nanomedicine in cardiology. The review demonstrates the wide opportunities for gold nanoparticles due to their unique biological properties. The use of gold nanoparticles in cardiology is promising to develop fundamentally new methods of diagnosis and treatment. The nanotheranostics in cardiovascular diseases allows the non-invasive imaging associated with simultaneous therapeutic intervention and predicting treatment outcomes. Imaging may reflect the effectiveness of treatment and has become a fundamental optimisation setting for therapeutic protocol. Combining the application of biomolecular and cellular therapies with nanotechnologies foresees the development of complex integrated nanodevices. Nanocardiology may challenge existing healthcare system and economic benefits as cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality at present.
CONCEPTUAL MODEL OF SUSTAINABILITY LEVEL’S ASSESSMENT
Authors: Манайкина  , Manaykina Ekaterina 
Published: June 2013

Environmental and social aspects in the design and implementation
of projects is considered as an effective tool for achieving the goals of
sustainable development. However, the implementation of sustainable
development principles into the practice of project management as a
unique area of research is only beginning to be studied. The article
reveals the essence of the concept of sustainable development in the
field of project management, basic principles that need to be taken into
account and gives a theoretical basis of integrating the principles of
sustainable development into the modern project management methodology.
This paper presents a maturity model that provides practical
insights on this question. Based on the concepts of sustainability, the
model assesses the level of consideration of sustainability in projects.
Assessment of specific absorption rate reduction in human head using metamaterial
Authors: Faruque Mohammad Rashed Iqbal , Islam Mohammad Tariqul , Mohamed Nik Abdullah Nik 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
In this paper, the specific absorption rate (SAR) reduction in human head with metamaterial attachment is calculated. The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method has been used to evaluate the SAR in an anatomically correct model of the human head. We designed the double-negative metamaterials by placing periodic array arrangement of split ring resonators (SRRs). By properly designing and tuning the structural parameters of SRRS, the effective medium parameters can be made negative at 900 and 1800 MHz band, as presented in this paper. Experimental results show that, with presence of resonators, SAR reduction in the human head is achievable. These results can provide useful insight into the design of safety-compliant mobile communication equipment.
Dispersion relation of 3D photonic crystals based on macroporous silicon
Authors: Schilling J. , Müller F. , Wehrspohn R.B. , Gösele U. , Busch K. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractExtended 3D photonic crystals based on macroporous silicon are prepared by applying a periodic variation of the illumination during photoelectrochemical etching. If the lateral pore arrangement is 2D hexagonal, the resulting structure exhibits a simple 3D hexagonal symmetry. The dispersion relation along the pore axis is investigated by optical transmission measurements. Photonic band gaps originating from the pore diameter modulation are observed and the group velocities of the photonic bands are determined by analyzing the Fabry-Perot resonances. Furthermore, angular resolved transmission measurements show a spectral region of omnidirectional total reflectivity.
Significance of GRP78 expression in acute myeloid leukemias
Authors: Wróbel Tomasz , Stefanko Ewa , Dzietczenia Justyna , Jaźwiec Bożena , Mazur Grzegorz , Haus Olga , Dybko Jarosław , Kuliczkowski Kazimierz 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
The GRP78 (glucose-regulated protein 78) is a major endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone facilitating proper folding of the newly synthesized proteins. By the interaction with caspases, GRP78 has antiapoptotic properties allowing cells to survive under stress condition. GRP78 expression and its association with tumor proliferation, metastasis and resistance to chemotherapy were observed in solid tumors. There are limited data on the expression and impact of this protein on the clinical course and treatment response in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of GRP78 mRNA in patients with de novo AML. These results were compared to healthy controls, blast phenotype, molecular and cytogenetic status and clinical features of AML. 101 non-M3 AML patients and 26 healthy individuals were included in this study. The expression of GRP78 mRNA in bone marrow was analyzed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RQ-PCR). We demonstrated increased GRP78 mRNA expression in AML patients compared to healthy controls, although this difference was statistically significant only in CD34+ leukemias. There was also no significant correlation between GRP78 mRNA expression and complete remission rate, relapse-free survival and overall survival. These results indicate that GRP78 expression is increased in CD34+ leukemias and has no prognostic impact on clinical outcome in AML.
Synthesis and characterisation of a novel bi-nuclear copper2+ complex and its application as electrode-modifying agent for simultaneous voltammetric determination of dopamine and ascorbic acid
Authors: Das Diganta , Sarma Babita , Haloi Sangita 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA new binuclear complex of copper2+, [LCu2+(CH3COO)2Cu2+L](CH3COO)2 where L is N,N-bis(phthalimide)ethylenediamine, was synthesised and characterised. The complex ion [LCu2+ (CH3COO)2Cu2+L]2+ was encapsulated into ZSM-5 zeolite and used to modify the surface of the glassy carbon electrode. This modified electrode, in a phosphate buffer solution at pH 7.0, exhibited an oxidation potential for dopamine (DA) and ascorbic acid (AA) at electrode potentials of 0.230 V and −0.090 V vs. Ag/AgCl respectively, a separation of 0.320 V. The electro-oxidation of DA or AA on the modified electrode is independent of each other. No interference was observed from Na+, K+, Cl−, SO42−, Mg2+, Ca2+, Zn2+, Fe2+, and glucose. The detection limits obtained were 2.91 × 10−7 M for DA and 3.5 × 10−7 M for AA.
X-ray molecular structure and theoretical study of 1,4-bis[2-cyano-2-(o-pyridyl)ethenyl]benzene
Authors: Percino M. , Castro Maria , Ceron Margarita , Soriano-Moro Guillermo , Chapela Victor , Melendez Francisco 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe structural characterisation of the molecule 1,4-bis[2-cyano-2-(o-pyridyl)ethenyl] benzene obtained through Knoevenagel condensation is reported. The single crystals, as light brown rods, were cultured from a chloroform solution using a slow evaporation method at ambient temperature. The compound crystallised in the monoclinic system belonging to the C2/c space group with a = 26.4556(9) Å, b = 3.73562(10) Å, c = 18.4230(6) Å, β = 109.841(4)° and the asymmetric unit comprising Z = 4. The structure is ordered and the molecules of the title compound exhibited a lattice with water molecules located at sites of inversion and two-fold axial symmetries. Thus, only halves of the molecules are symmetrically independent. The lattice is reported and contrasted with X-ray single-crystal diffraction and theoretical calculations of 1,4-bis(1-cyano-2-phenylethenyl)benzene. By using density functional theory (DFT) and second order Moller-Plesset (MP2) theoretical calculations, the ground state geometry in the whole molecule at the B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p), and MP2/6-31+G(d,p) theory levels, respectively, were optimised. The DFT calculations showed a quasi-planar structure of the molecule, whereas the wave function-based MP2 method afforded a non-planar optimised structure with significant torsion angles between the pyridine and phenyl rings.
Imposition, Emulation and Adaptation: Regulatory Regimes in the Commons of Early Modern Germany
Authors: Warde Paul 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
New institutional approaches to the commons have seen a proliferation of work in recent years that has overturned stereotypes of 'tragedy' and mismanagement. Much of this work remains centred, however, on the fortunes of individual commons and relates changes in management to local challenges and experiences. This article uses a large sample of by-laws from commons in south-western Germany to show how regulation has emerged as a complex historical process of imposition of rules by lordship, emulation of neighbours and response to crisis; it demonstratesÂ that relying on the internal evidence of individual by-laws can be quite misleadingÂ about the circumstances of their creation. The articleÂ argues that a major stimulus to by-law recording was intra-communal conflict, and, as the results of negotiated resolution of these disputes, we should be cautious of reading by-laws as records of ecological optimisation rather thanÂ attempts to resolve conflicts over the allocation of resources.Â
Recurrent Spontaneous Pneumothorax Following Helicopter Travel In High Altitude Areas
Authors: Peter Soumia , Singh Navjot , Peter Prasant 
Published: June 2013

A young healthy soldier, non smoker with no previous lung disease, presented with two separate episodes of primary spontaneous pneumothorax within six months, both preceded by low level helicopter travel during high altitude postings. This diagnosis must be considered in patients with acute onset chest pain and dyspnoea even when other risk factors are seemingly absent. Recurrence is common and so this differential must be kept in mind even after complete treatment of a previous episode.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 12 No. 03 July 13 Page 331-333 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v12i3.12621
Hypoglycemic, Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Activities of Ethanolic Root Bark Extract of Chrysophyllum albidum in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats.
Authors: Onyeka Chika Anna , Nwakanma Agnes Akudo , Bakare Adeola Airat , Okoko Ini Ibehe , Ofoego Uzozie Chikere , Wali Catherine Chukumuaya , Abengowe Favour Chinyere 
Published: June 2013

Objective: The study was aimed at investigating the hypoglycemic, antioxidant and Hepatoprotective effects of Chrysophyllum albidum in diabetes induced male Wistar rats. Methods: Ethanol root bark extract was administered to thirty rats of six groups A, B, C, D, E and F of five rats each, weighing between 150-170g. Diabetes was induced in Groups B, C, D, E and F using a single intraperitoneal injection of 140mg/kg of Alloxan after an overnight fast. Group A served as the normal control while Group B served as the diabetic control. Group C had metformin of 500mg while Groups D, E and F received 50, 100 and 200mg/kg / bw/ day of the plant extract respectively through orogastric intubation. All the animals were given normal rat chow and water freely. Blood glucose level was determined and the experiment lasted for 3 weeks. On day 21 after an overnight fast, animal were anaesthetized and blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture under inhaled chloroform for the determination of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) assays. The liver function test, ALT, AST and ALP was determined. Result: This showed that C. albidum and metformin significantly (p < 0.05) lowered the Fasting blood glucose (FBS), the activities of SOD and CAT was dose- dependently increase when compared to the diabetic control and there was also a reduction of MDA in the treated groups. There was decrease in the activity of ALT, AST and ALP, which was also dose-dependent. Conclusion: The results showed that the plant has significant antidiabetic activity and could therefore be employed for the treatment of diabetes mellitus in which free radicals are implicated.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 12 No. 03 July 13 Page 298-304 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v12i3.12721
Les murailles d'Acre franque
Authors: Kedar Benjamin Z. 
Published: June 2013

The walls of the Frankish city of Acre, by Benjamin Z. Kedar
An examination ot the historical maps ot Frankish Acre proposed over the past 150 years reveals that the location of the city's outer walls remains an enigma. This is so because Acres outer walls have never been excavated and the location of its northern and eastern quarters has not been known. A systematic scrutiny of the relevant medieval texts, of hitherto unassociated archaeological finds, of a painting prepared by a French expedition in about 1686, of a portolan chart of ca. 1707, of plans drawn by Richard Pococke in 1738 and Carsten Niebuhr in 1766 and by Napoleon Bonaparte's engi- neers in 1799, as well as of travelers' accounts and aerial photographs, have allowed to offer a hypothesized course of Acre's walls.