bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of fall armyworm resistance in maize germplasm lines using visual leaf injury rating and predator survey
Authors: Ni Xinzhi , Xu Wenwei , Blanco Michael H. , Williams W. Paul 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAfter examining ear‐colonizing pest resistance, 20 maize lines from the USDA‐ARS Germplasm Enhancement of Maize (GEM) Program were evaluated for whorl‐feeding fall armyworm (FAW) (Spodoptera frugiperda) resistance using 4 maize inbred lines as the resistant and susceptible controls. Both FAW injury ratings at 7‐ and 14‐d after infestation, and predator abundance and diversity at whorl stage (V6–V8) were recorded in 2009 and 2010. The survey of the diversity and abundance of predators in each experimental plot were conducted 7 d after the FAW infestation. Of the 20 germplasm lines examined, 3 of them (i.e., entries 9, 15, and 19 that were derived from tropical maize germplasm lines were originated from Uruguay, Cuba, and Thailand, respectively) were identified as the best FAW‐resistant germplasm lines using the leaf injury ratings and predator survey data. In addition, the abundance and diversity of the predators were greater in 2010 than in 2009, which might have caused the low level of the FAW injury ratings on all lines examined in 2010. The 2‐year data showed that the FAW injury ratings were negatively correlated to the predator abundance and diversity, which is also influence by genotype × environment interactions. The findings suggested that tropical germplasm is an important source of native resistance to the FAW and the corn earworm. At the same time, the maize genotype × environment interaction (e.g., predator attractiveness, and varying weather conditions) should be included in the multiple‐year evaluations of insect and disease resistance of maize germplasm lines under field conditions.
Gas in the rectum tends to reduce during radical external beam radiotherapy for localised prostate cancer
Authors: Nakamura Naoki , Hatanaka Shogo , Takahashi Osamu , Mizuno Norifumi , Endo Haruna , Tamaki Seiichi , Shikama Naoto , Ogita Mami , Kawamori Jiro , Sekiguchi Kenji 
Published: December 2013

AbstractPurposeThis study aims to clarify the time‐course of gas accumulation in the rectum during treatment as guidance for the management of rectal volumes.Materials and MethodsWe reviewed 2042 sets (35.2 sets per patient) of anteroposterior and right–left mega voltage (MV) images obtained for daily set‐up from 58 patients who underwent radical external beam radiotherapy for localised prostate cancer. The patients were instructed to take magnesium oxide tablets during radiotherapy. They were also encouraged to avoid foods that might cause intestinal gas during radiotherapy. Gas accumulation in the rectum was graded into three classes by the same radiation oncologist. If no gas was seen in the rectum, it was classified as grade 0. A small amount of gas was classified as grade 1, whereas a marked amount of gas that required removal was classified as grade 2.ResultsOf the 2042 sets of MV images, grades 1 and 2 gas accumulation were seen in 332 (16%) and 156 (8%), respectively. By the trend test, gas accumulation significantly decreased towards the end of treatment (P = 0.02 for grade 1 or 2 and P = 0.02 for grade 2). On multivariate analysis, we did not identify any significant independent predictors for either baseline gas accumulation or gas reduction.ConclusionGas accumulation tended to decrease until the end of treatment. This tendency should be reconfirmed by other institutions.
Distribution of Norway spruce bark and wood‐boring beetles along Alpine elevational gradients
Authors: Chinellato Fabio , Faccoli Massimo , Marini Lorenzo , Battisti Andrea 
Published: December 2013

Abstract

Temperature is probably the most important driver of insect response to climate change and has many implications at both individual and population levels. The present study explored how elevation, as a proxy for temperature, affects the abundance and diversity of bark and wood‐boring beetles associated with Norway spruce (Picea abies) along its southern range.
We selected three elevational gradients (approximately 900–1500 m) in spruce stands in the south‐eastern Alps, each consisting of four locations. From April to September 2011, four traps of different types were installed at each location: three baited with generic lures (α‐pinene and ethanol) and one baited with a pheromone specific for Ips typographus. In addition, three fresh spruce logs were exposed on the same locations.
Species richness did not vary significantly with elevation, whereas the abundance of most individual species did. Generally, aggressive species responded positively to higher temperature, whereas most non‐aggressive species responded negatively.
In a warming scenario, it is likely that spruce forests will face increasing damage from aggressive species. This will threaten the growth and survival of Norway spruce at low elevation, especially at southern latitudes.
Moxifloxacin dosing in post‐bariatric surgery patients
Authors: Colin Pieter , Eleveld Douglas J. , Struys Michel M. R. F. , T'Jollyn Huybrecht , Bortel Luc M. Van , Ruige Johannes , De Waele Jan , Van Bocxlaer Jan , Boussery Koen 
Published: December 2013

IntroductionGiven the ever increasing number of obese patients and obesity related bypass surgery, dosing recommendations in the post‐bypass population are needed. Using a population pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis and PK–pharmacodynamic (PD) simulations, we investigated whether adequate moxifloxacin concentrations are achieved in this population.MethodsIn this modelling and simulation study we used data from a trial on moxifloxacin PK. In this trial, volunteers who had previously undergone bariatric surgery (at least 6 months prior to inclusion), received two doses (intravenous and oral) of 400 mg moxifloxacin administered on two occasions.ResultsIn contrast to other papers, we found that moxifloxacin PK were best described by a three compartmental model using lean body mass (LBM) as a predictor for moxifloxacin clearance. Furthermore, we showed that the probability of target attainment for bacterial eradication against a hypothetical Streptococcus pneumoniae infection is compromised in patients with higher LBM, especially when targeting microorganisms with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 0.5 mg l−1 or higher (probability of target attainment (PTA) approaching zero). When considering the targets for suppression of bacterial resistance formation, even at MIC values as low as 0.25 mg l−1, standard moxifloxacin dosing does not attain adequate levels in this population. Furthermore, for patients with a LBM of 78 kg or higher, the probability of hitting this target approaches zero.ConclusionsThroughout our PK–PD simulation study, it became apparent that, whenever optimal bacterial resistance suppression is deemed necessary, the standard moxifloxacin dosing will not be sufficient. Furthermore, our study emphasizes the need for a LBM based individualized dosing of moxifloxacin in this patient population.
A Bayesian extension of the hypergeometric test for functional enrichment analysis
Authors: Cao Jing , Zhang Song 
Published: December 2013

SummaryFunctional enrichment analysis is conducted on high‐throughput data to provide functional interpretation for a list of genes or proteins that share a common property, such as being differentially expressed (DE). The hypergeometricP‐value has been widely used to investigate whether genes from pre‐defined functional terms, for example, Gene Ontology (GO), are enriched in the DE genes. The hypergeometricP‐value has three limitations: (1) computed independently for each term, thus neglecting biological dependence; (2) subject to a size constraint that leads to the tendency of selecting less‐specific terms; (3) repeated use of information due to overlapping annotations by the true‐path rule. We propose a Bayesian approach based on the non‐central hypergeometric model. The GO dependence structure is incorporated through a prior on non‐centrality parameters. The likelihood function does not include overlapping information. The inference about enrichment is based on posterior probabilities that do not have a size constraint. This method can detect moderate but consistent enrichment signals and identify sets of closely related and biologically meaningful functional terms rather than isolated terms. We also describe the basic ideas of assumption and implementation of different methods to provide some theoretical insights, which are demonstrated via a simulation study. A real application is presented.
Preoperative predictors of renal function decline after radical nephroureterectomy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Kaag Matthew , Trost Landon , Thompson R. Houston , Favaretto Ricardo , Elliott Vanessa , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Maschino Alexandra , Vertosick Emily , Raman Jay D. , Dalbagni Guido 
Published: December 2013

ObjectivesTo model renal function after radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) for upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). To identify predictors of renal function decline after surgery, thereby allowing the identification of patients likely to be ineligible for cisplatin‐based chemotherapy in the adjuvant setting.Patients and MethodsWe retrospectively identified 374 patients treated with RNU for UTUC at three centres between 1995 and 2010. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated using Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation before RNU and at early (1–5 months after RNU) and late (>5 months) time points after RNU. Only patients deemed eligible for cisplatin‐based chemotherapy before RNU (preoperative glomerular filtration rate [GFR] ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2) were included. Multivariable analysis identified the preoperative predictors of eGFR after RNU at early postoperative and late postoperative time points.ResultsA total of 163 patients had an eligible early post‐RNU eGFR measurement and 172 had an eligible late eGFR measurement. The median eGFR declined by 32% and did not show a significant trend toward recovery over time (P = 0.4). On multivariable analysis preoperative eGFR and patient age were significantly associated with early and late postoperative eGFR, while Charlson comorbidity index score was significantly associated with late postoperative eGFR alone.ConclusionsIn patients with normal preoperative eGFR (≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2), renal function decreases by one‐third after RNU and does not show evidence of recovery over time. Elderly patients and those with pre‐RNU eGFR closer to 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (lower eGFR in the present cohort) are more likely to be ineligible for adjuvant cisplatin‐based chemotherapy regimens because of renal function loss after RNU.
Spine metastases in prostate cancer: comparison of technetium‐99m‐MDP whole‐body bone scintigraphy, [18F]choline positron emission tomography(PET)/computed tomography (CT) and [18F]NaF PET/CT
Authors: Poulsen Mads H. , Petersen Henrik , Høilund‐Carlsen Poul F. , Jakobsen Jørn S. , Gerke Oke , Karstoft Jens , Steffansen Signe I. , Walter Steen 
Published: December 2013

ObjectiveTo compare the diagnostic accuracy of the following imaging techniques in the detection of spine metastases, using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a reference: whole‐body bone scintigraphy (WBS) with technetium‐99m‐MDP, [18F]‐sodium fluoride (NaF) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) and [18F]‐fluoromethylcholine (FCH) PET/CT.Patients and MethodsThe study entry criteria were biopsy‐proven prostate cancer, a positive WBS consistent with bone metastases, and no history of androgen deprivation. Within 30 days of informed consent, trial scans were performed in random order. Scans were interpreted blindly for the purpose of a lesion‐based analysis. The primary target variable was bone lesion (malignant/benign) and the ‘gold standard’ was MRI.ResultsA total of 50 men were recruited between May 2009 and March 2012. Their mean age was 73 years, their median PSA level was 84 ng/mL, and the mean Gleason score of the tumours was 7.7. A total of 46 patients underwent all four scans, while four missed one PET/CT scan. A total of 526 bone lesions were found in the 50 men: 363 malignant and 163 non‐malignant according to MRI. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and accuracy were: WBS: 51, 82, 86, 43 and 61%; NaF‐PET/CT: 93, 54, 82, 78 and 81%; and FCH‐PET/CT: 85, 91, 95, 75 and 87%, respectively.ConclusionsWe found that FCH‐PET/CT and NaF‐PET/CT were superior to WBS with regard to detection of prostate cancer bone metastases within the spine. The present results call into question the use of WBS as the method of choice in patients with hormone‐naïve prostate cancer.
Dab1 and reelin participate in a common signal pathway that controls intestinal crypt/villus unit dynamics
Authors: Vázquez‐Carretero María D. , García‐Miranda Pablo , Calonge María L. , Peral María J. , Ilundain Anunciación A. 
Published: December 2013

Background informationThe myofibroblasts placed underneath the epithelium of the rodent small intestine express reelin, and the reelin absence modifies both the morphology and the cell renewal processes of the crypt–villus unit. In the developing central nervous system, the reelin effects are mediated by the disabled‐1 (Dab1) protein. The present work explores whether Dab1 mediates the reelin control of the crypt–villus unit dynamics by examining in the mouse small intestine the consequences of the absence of (i) Dab1 (scrambler mutation) on crypt–villus unit cell renewal processes and morphology and (ii) reelin (reeler mutation) on the intestinal expression of Dab1.ResultsThe effects of the scrambler mutation on the crypt–villus unit renewal processes are remarkably similar to those caused by the lack of reelin. Thus, both mutations significantly reduce epithelial cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis, and the number of Paneth cells; affect the morphology of the villus, and expand the intercellular space of the adherens junctions and desmosomes. The Western blot assays reveal that the Dab1 isoform present in the enterocytes has a molecular weight of ∼63 kDa and that in the brain of ∼82 kDa. They also reveal that the absence of reelin increases Dab1 abundance in both brain and enterocytes.ConclusionsAll together, the current findings link reelin with Dab1 and suggest that Dab1 functions downstream of reelin action on the homeostasis of the crypt–villus unit.
Oxygen plasma immersion ion implantation treatment enhances the human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells responses to titanium surface for dental implant application
Authors: Yang Chih‐Hsiung , Li Yu‐Chen , Tsai Wen‐Fa , Ai Chi‐Fong , Huang Her‐Hsiung 
Published: December 2013

AbstractObjectivesThe present investigation utilized a novel oxygen plasma immersion ion implantation (O‐PIII) treatment to create a dense and thin oxide layer on a titanium (Ti) surface for dental implant application.Materials and methodsThis study evaluated the behavior of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) on O‐PIII‐treated Ti. The O‐PIII treatments were performed using different oxygen ion doses (TL: 1 × 1016; TM: 4 × 1016; TH: 1 × 1017 ions/cm2).ResultsAnalysis using an X‐ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS) and high resolution X‐ray diffractometer (HR‐XRD) indicated that the O‐PIII‐treated specimen TM had the highest proportion of rutile phase TiO2 component. The O‐PIII‐treated specimen TM had the greatest protein adsorption capability of the test Ti surfaces using XPS analysis and bicinchoninic acid (BCA) protein assay. Immunofluorescent staining revealed that hMSCs had the best cell adhesion on the O‐PIII‐treated specimen TM, whereas green fluorescent protein (GFP)‐labeled hMSCs experienced the fastest cell migration based on a wound healing assay. Other assays, including MTT assay, Alizarin red S staining and Western blot analysis, demonstrated that the adhered hMSCs exhibited the greatest cell proliferation, mineralization, and differentiation capabilities on the TM specimen.ConclusionsOxidated Ti (primarily rutile TiO2) was produced using a facile and rapid O‐PIII treatment procedure, which enhances the biocompatibility of the Ti surface with potential implications for further dental implant application.
‘For the cases we've had… I don't think anybody has had enormous confidence’ – Exploring ‘Uncertainty’ in adolescent bariatric teams: an interpretative phenomenological analysis
Authors: Doyle J. , Colville S. , Brown P. , Christie D. 
Published: December 2013

Summary
What is already known about this subject?
Bariatric surgery is more effective for weight loss in severe obesity than lifestyle interventions.
The number of bariatric surgery procedures carried out in England in adults has almost doubled between 2008 and 2011.
Bariatric surgery is increasingly being offered to adolescents with severe obesity.

What this study adds
A predominant theme of ‘uncertainty’ around adolescent bariatric surgery emerged from the interviews.
In the absence of empirical data, professionals bracket away this uncertainty by a variety of means, including the acceptance of surgery as inevitable.
This study has implications for the effective counselling of adolescents and their families around bariatric surgery.
Evidence suggests that bariatric surgery is increasingly being offered to adolescents with severe obesity despite the lack of long‐term outcome data or research to guide patient selection. This is a qualitative study in which nine clinicians were interviewed to investigate the process of decision‐making around adolescent bariatric surgery. The interviews revealed a pervasive ‘uncertainty’, with sources of uncertainty relating to (i) the lack of research in this area, (ii) the perception of bariatric surgery as a treatment option unlike others, (iii) the view that adolescence is a complex developmental period and (iv) the perception that bariatric in adolescents is controversial to the public. Professionals manage this uncertainty in a variety of ways, which are described. It is argued here that shedding light on this process of professional decision‐making has implications for policy and practice and for the counselling of patients considering these sorts of treatments.
Synergistic effect of 5‐HT2A receptor gene and MAOA gene on the negative emotion of patients with depression
Authors: Guo Huirong , Ren Yuming , Zhao Ning , Wang Yali , Li Shuying , Cui He , Zhang Sijia , Zhang Jianhua 
Published: December 2013

SummaryObjectiveTo analyse the synergistic effect of polymorphism of the tandem repeat sequence u‐VNTR of 5‐hydroxytryptamine 2A (5‐HT2A) receptor gene and monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) gene on the negative emotion in frontal lobe of patients with depression through functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technique.MethodsFunctional magnetic resonance imaging scanning was performed for 72 patients with depression and 70 gender, age‐matched healthy people with physical examination under negative emotion recognition task. Polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) method was adopted to analyse genotype. The superior, middle and inferior gyrus of bilateral frontal lobe was regarded as the brain region of interest, and then the difference of activation intensity in frontal lobe subregion between control groups and patient groups with different genotypes, and the interaction between the two kinds of polymorphism were compared.ResultsThe activation intensity in right frontal middle gyrus of patients with CC genotype increased obviously compared with TT and TC genotype patient groups and TT genotype control group (P<0·01); the activation intensity in right frontal inferior gyrus of patients with CC genotype increased obviously compared with TT and TC genotype patient groups and control groups (P<0·01); the activation intensity in right frontal middle gyrus and left frontal inferior gyrus of patients with MAOA high‐activity genotype increased obviously compared with patient and control groups with MAOA low‐activity genotype (P<0·01). In sum, there existed synergistic effect of the two genotypes on the activation abnormality of negative emotion recognition in right frontal middle gyrus (F = 6·18, P = 0·029). The negative activation in right frontal middle gyrus of patients with CC+H genotypes increased most obviously (P<0·05).ConclusionThe frontal abnormality of patients with depression had certain 5‐HT genetic basis, and 5‐HT2A receptor CC allele and MAOA‐H genotype had synergistic effect on the activity abnormality when recognizing negative emotion in right frontal middle gyrus of patients with depression.
Re‐evaluation of connexins associated with motoneurons in rodent spinal cord, sexually dimorphic motor nuclei and trigeminal motor nucleus
Authors: Bautista W. , Rash J. E. , Vanderpool K. G. , Yasumura T. , Nagy J. I. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractElectrical synapses formed by neuronal gap junctions composed of connexin36 (Cx36) are a common feature in mammalian brain circuitry, but less is known about their deployment in spinal cord. It has been reported based on connexin mRNA and/or protein detection that developing and/or mature motoneurons express a variety of connexins, including Cx26, Cx32, Cx36 and Cx43 in trigeminal motoneurons, Cx36, Cx37, Cx40, Cx43 and Cx45 in spinal motoneurons, and Cx32 in sexually dimorphic motoneurons. We re‐examined the localization of these connexins during postnatal development and in adult rat and mouse using immunofluorescence labeling for each connexin. We found Cx26 in association only with leptomeninges in the trigeminal motor nucleus (Mo5), Cx32 only with oligodendrocytes and myelinated fibers among motoneurons in this nucleus and in the spinal cord, and Cx37, Cx40 and Cx45 only with blood vessels in the ventral horn of spinal cord, including those among motoneurons. By freeze‐fracture replica immunolabeling, > 100 astrocyte gap junctions but no neuronal gap junctions were found based on immunogold labeling for Cx43, whereas 16 neuronal gap junctions at postnatal day (P)4, P7 and P18 were detected based on Cx36 labeling. Punctate labeling for Cx36 was localized to the somatic and dendritic surfaces of peripherin‐positive motoneurons in the Mo5, motoneurons throughout the spinal cord, and sexually dimorphic motoneurons at lower lumbar levels. In studies of electrical synapses and electrical transmission between developing and between adult motoneurons, our results serve to focus attention on mediation of this transmission by gap junctions composed of Cx36.