bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Panitumumab in combination with gemcitabine and oxaliplatin does not prolong survival in wild‐type KRAS advanced biliary tract cancer: A randomized phase 2 trial (Vecti‐BIL study)
Authors: Leone Francesco , Marino Donatella , Cereda Stefano , Filippi Roberto , Belli Carmen , Spadi Rosella , Nasti Guglielmo , Montano Massimo , Amatu Alessio , Aprile Giuseppe , Cagnazzo Celeste , Fasola Gianpiero , Siena Salvatore , Ciuffreda Libero , Reni Michele , Aglietta Massimo 
Published: November 2015

BACKGROUNDBiliary tract cancer (BTC) is a rare and lethal disease with few therapeutic options. Preclinical data suggest that the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway could be involved in its progression.METHODSThis open‐label, randomized phase 2 trial recruited chemotherapy‐naive patients with advanced BTC displaying a wild‐type (WT) KRAS status. Patients were randomized to gemcitabine (1000 mg/m2) and oxaliplatin (100 mg/m2) with (arm A) or without (arm B) panitumumab (6 mg/kg) for up to 12 cycles. The primary endpoint was progression‐free survival (PFS) analyzed in an intention‐to‐treat fashion.RESULTSEighty‐nine patients (45 in arm A and 44 in arm B) were enrolled between June 2010 and September 2013. After a median follow‐up of 10.1 months, the median PFS was 5.3 months (95% confidence interval, 3.3‐7.2 months) in arm A and 4.4 months (95% confidence interval, 2.6‐6.2 months) in arm B (P = .27). No survival differences were observed: the median overall survival was 9.9 months in arm A and 10.2 months in arm B (P = .42). In a subgroup analysis, no differences in PFS according to the site of the primary tumor were observed; patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma treated with panitumumab may have had a survival benefit in comparison with the control group (15.1 vs 11.8 months, P = .13). As for safety, skin toxicity was the main adverse event in arm A (80% of the patients). A higher incidence of diarrhea (55.5% vs 31.8%), mucositis (22.2% vs 13.6%), and constipation (24.4% vs 15.9%) was seen in arm A.CONCLUSIONSThese results confirm the marginal role of anti‐EGFR therapy even for WT KRAS–selected BTC. Cancer 2016;122:574–581. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Expectant management of veterans with early‐stage prostate cancer
Authors: Filson Christopher P. , Shelton Jeremy B. , Tan Hung‐Jui , Kwan Lorna , Skolarus Ted A. , Saigal Christopher S. , Litwin Mark S. 
Published: November 2015

BACKGROUNDFor certain men with low‐risk prostate cancer, aggressive treatment results in marginal survival benefits while exposing them to urinary and sexual side effects. Nevertheless, expectant management has been underused. In the current study, the authors evaluated the association between various factors and expectant management use among veterans diagnosed with prostate cancer.METHODSThe authors identified men diagnosed with prostate cancer in 2008. The outcome of interest was use of expectant management, based on documentation captured through an in‐depth chart review. Multivariable regression models were fit to examine associations between use of expectant management and patient demographics, cancer severity, and facility characteristics. The authors assessed variation across 21 tertiary care regions and 52 facilities by generating predicted probabilities for receipt of expectant management.RESULTSExpectant management was more common among patients aged ≥75 years (40% vs 27% for those aged < 55 years; odds ratio, 2.57) and those with low‐risk tumors (49% vs 20% for patients with high‐risk tumors; odds ratio, 5.35). There was no association noted between patient comorbidity and receipt of expectant management (P = .90). There were also no associations found between facility factors and use of expectant management (all P>.05). Among ideal candidates for expectant management, receipt of expectant management varied considerably across individual facilities (0%‐85%; P<.001).CONCLUSIONSPatient age and tumor risk were found to be more strongly associated with use of expectant management than patient comorbidity. Although use of expectant management appears broadly appropriate, there was variation in expectant management noted between hospitals that was apparently not attributable to facility factors. Research determining the basis of this variation, with a focus on providers, will be critical to help optimize prostate cancer treatment for veterans. Cancer 2016;122:626–633. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Enhancing Organic Solar Cells with Plasmonic Nanomaterials
Authors: Lee Ju Min , Kim Sang Ouk 
Published: November 2015

AbstractPlasmonic nanomaterials may offer promising routes to address the intrinsic performance limitations of conventional organic solar cells. Specifically, plasmonic materials have been widely exploited for the effective promotion of photon absorption in the organic active layers. For the further progress of plasmonic enhancement of organic solar cells, hybrid nanostructures integrating more than two different components are highly necessary for tailoring the outstanding optical and other relevant properties. In this Focus Review article, we highlight recent research on the synergistic benefits from plasmonic hybrid nanostructures, such as multimetal nanoparticles, clustered metal nanoparticles, and carbon–metal nanohybrids for desirable charge generation and charge transport/collection in organic solar cells.
A secure mutual authentication scheme with non‐repudiation for vehicular ad hoc networks
Authors: Chen Chin‐Ling , Chiang Mao‐Lun , Peng Chun‐Cheng , Chang Chun‐Hsin , Sui Qing‐Ru 
Published: November 2015

SummaryVehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) have been a research focus in recent years. VANETs are not only used to enhance the road safety and reduce the traffic accidents earlier but also conducted more researches in network value‐added service. As a result, the security requirements of vehicle communication are given more attention. In order to prevent the security threat of VANETs, the security requirements, such as the message integrity, availability, and confidentiality are needed to be guaranteed further. Therefore, a secured and efficient verification scheme for VANETs is proposed to satisfy these requirements and reduce the computational cost by combining the asymmetric and symmetric cryptology, certificate, digital signature, and session key update mechanism. In addition, our proposed scheme can resist malicious attacks or prevent illegal users' access via security and performance analysis. In summary, the proposed scheme is proved to achieve the requirements of resist known attacks, non‐repudiation, authentication, availability, integrity, and confidentiality. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Case Study of Mechanical Strain in Supramolecular Complexes to Manipulate the Spin State of Iron(II) Centres
Authors: Struch Niklas , Brandenburg Jan Gerit , Schnakenburg Gregor , Wagner Norbert , Beck Johannes , Grimme Stefan , Lützen Arne 
Published: November 2015

AbstractTwo novel supramolecular meso‐helicates have been synthesized and characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, variable‐temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements, NMR and UV/Vis spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and density functional theory (DFT) simulations. Both compounds show a considerably high stabilization of the high‐spin state of the metal centres compared with other compounds with similar types of ligands. Whereas the pyridyl complex [Fe2L23] [L2 = N,N′‐bis(pyridin‐2‐ylmethylene)benzene‐1,3‐diamine] exhibits the beginning of a spin transition at around 350 K, the imidazolyl complex [Fe2L13] [L1 = N,N′‐bis(1H‐imidazol‐4‐ylmethylene)benzene‐1,3‐diamine] still exhibits a high‐spin configuration at 20 K. We applied DFT to characterize the molecular as well as solid states of both compounds. Although the low‐spin state of both systems is stabilized by crystal packing, an additional stabilization of the high‐spin state is induced by intramolecular interactions. This effect can be ascribed to mechanical strain in the backbone of the ligands hailing from very short CH–π interactions and being similar in effect to sterically demanding methyl groups.
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) Treatment in Enduring Anorexia Nervosa: A Case Series
Authors: McClelland Jessica , Kekic Maria , Campbell Iain C. , Schmidt Ulrike 
Published: November 2015

AbstractObjectivesThis case series examined the therapeutic potential of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in five women with enduring anorexia nervosa.MethodsParticipants received ~20 sessions of neuronavigated high‐frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Body mass index, eating disorder (ED) symptoms and mood were assessed pre‐treatment and post‐treatment, at 6‐month and 12‐month follow‐up (FU). Qualitative feedback regarding the intervention was obtained from participants and carers.ResultsFrom pre‐treatment to post‐treatment, ED and affective symptoms improved significantly, and body mass index remained stable. Further improvements in ED symptoms/mood were seen at 6‐month FU with 3/5 and 2/5 participants deemed ‘recovered’ on the Eating Disorders Examination Questionnaire and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale, respectively. However, most participants had lost some weight, and therapeutic effects on psychopathology had waned by 12‐month FU. Qualitative feedback regarding the intervention was encouraging.DiscussionRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation was well tolerated, and preliminary evidence is provided for its therapeutic potential in anorexia nervosa. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Year to year variation in sea buckthorn juice volatiles using headspace solid phase microextraction
Authors: Leung Gee‐Sian , Marriott Ray 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis study highlights the use of optimised headspace solid phase microextraction (HS‐SPME) to capture over 70 volatile compounds from three different varieties of sea buckthorn juice harvested from 2011 to 2013. The main components were identified as ethyl and 3‐methyl butyl esters which were quantified using deuterium labelled standards and synthesised as part of this work. Berries harvested over the three years showed variation in the concentration of the principle components that may be associated with weather variation. Previously unreported volatile compounds that may contribute to the unique aroma of sea buckthorn juice were also identified. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A stabilization for three‐dimensional discontinuous Galerkin discretizations applied to nonhydrostatic atmospheric simulations
Authors: Blaise Sébastien , Lambrechts Jonathan , Deleersnijder Eric 
Published: November 2015

SummaryA discontinuous Galerkin nonhydrostatic atmospheric model is used for two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional simulations. There is a wide range of timescales to be dealt with. To do so, two different implicit/explicit time discretizations are implemented. A stabilization, based upon a reduced‐order discretization of the gravity term, is introduced to ensure the balance between pressure and gravity effects. While not affecting significantly the convergence properties of the scheme, this approach allows the simulation of anisotropic flows without generating spurious oscillations, as it happens for a classical discontinuous Galerkin discretization. This approach is shown to be less diffusive than usual spatial filters. A stability analysis demonstrates that the use of this modified scheme discards the instability associated with the usual discretization. Validation against analytical solutions is performed, confirming the good convergence and stability properties of the scheme. Numerical results demonstrate the attractivity of the discontinuous Galerkin method with implicit/explicit time integration for large‐scale atmospheric flows. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sprouty2 and ‐4 hypomorphism promotes neuronal survival and astrocytosis in a mouse model of kainic acid induced neuronal damage
Authors: Thongrong Sitthisak , Hausott Barbara , Marvaldi Letizia , Agostinho Alexandra S. , Zangrandi Luca , Burtscher Johannes , Fogli Barbara , Schwarzer Christoph , Klimaschewski Lars 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTSprouty (Spry) proteins play a key role as negative feedback inhibitors of the Ras/Raf/MAPK/ERK pathway downstream of various receptor tyrosine kinases. Among the four Sprouty isoforms, Spry2 and Spry4 are expressed in the hippocampus. In this study, possible effects of Spry2 and Spry4 hypomorphism on neurodegeneration and seizure thresholds in a mouse model of epileptogenesis was analyzed. The Spry2/4 hypomorphs exhibited stronger ERK activation which was limited to the CA3 pyramidal cell layer and to the hilar region. The seizure threshold of Spry2/4+/− mice was significantly reduced at naive state but no difference to wildtype mice was observed 1 month following KA treatment. Histomorphological analysis revealed that dentate granule cell dispersion (GCD) was diminished in Spry2/4+/− mice in the subchronic phase after KA injection. Neuronal degeneration was reduced in CA1 and CA3 principal neuron layers as well as in scattered neurons of the contralateral CA1 and hilar regions. Moreover, Spry2/4 reduction resulted in enhanced survival of somatostatin and neuropeptide Y expressing interneurons. GFAP staining intensity and number of reactive astrocytes markedly increased in lesioned areas of Spry2/4+/− mice as compared with wildtype mice. Taken together, although the seizure threshold is reduced in naive Spry2/4+/− mice, neurodegeneration and GCD is mitigated following KA induced hippocampal lesions, identifying Spry proteins as possible pharmacological targets in brain injuries resulting in neurodegeneration. The present data are consistent with the established functions of the ERK pathway in astrocyte proliferation as well as protection from neuronal cell death and suggest a novel role of Spry proteins in the migration of differentiated neurons. © 2015 The Authors Hippocampus Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Electroactive polyurethane/siloxane derived from castor oil as a versatile cardiac patch, part I: Synthesis, characterization, and myoblast proliferation and differentiation
Authors: Baheiraei Nafiseh , Gharibi Reza , Yeganeh Hamid , Miragoli Michele , Salvarani Nicolò , Di Pasquale Elisa , Condorelli Gianluigi 
Published: November 2015

AbstractTissue‐engineered cardiac patch aims at regenerating an infarcted heart by improving cardiac function and providing mechanical support to the diseased myocardium. In order to take advantages of electroactivity, a new synthetic method was developed for the introduction of an electroactive oligoaniline into the backbone of prepared patches. For this purpose, a series of electroactive polyurethane/siloxane films containing aniline tetramer (AT) was prepared through sol‐gel reaction of trimethoxysilane functional intermediate polyurethane prepolymers made from castor oil and poly(ethylene glycol). Physicochemical, mechanical, and electrical conductivity of samples were evaluated and the recorded results were correlated to their structural characteristics. The optimized films were proved to be biodegradable and have tensile properties suitable for cardiac patch application. The embedded AT moieties in the backbone of the prepared samples preserved their electroactivity with the electrical conductivity in the range of 10−4 S/cm. The prepared films were compatible with proliferation of C2C12 and had potential for enhancing myotube formation even without external electrical stimulation. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 775–787, 2016.
Toxicological Implications and Inflammatory Response in Human Lymphocytes Challenged with Oxytetracycline
Authors: Di Cerbo A. , Palatucci A. T. , Rubino V. , Centenaro S. , Giovazzino A. , Fraccaroli E. , Cortese L. , Ruggiero G. , Guidetti G. , Canello S. , Terrazzano G. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTAntibiotics are widely used in zoo technical and veterinary practices as feed supplementation to ensure wellness of farmed animals and livestock. Several evidences have been suggesting both the toxic role for tetracyclines, particularly for oxytetracycline (OTC). This potential toxicity appears of great relevance for human nutrition and for domestic animals. This study aimed to extend the evaluation of such toxicity. The biologic impact of the drug was assessed by evaluating the proinflammatory effect of OTC and their bone residues on cytokine secretion by in vitro human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Our results showed that both OTC and OTC‐bone residues significantly induced the T lymphocyte and non‐T cell secretion of interferon (IFN)‐γ, as cytokine involved in inflammatory responses in humans as well as in animals. These results may suggest a possible implication for new potential human and animal health risks depending on the entry of tetracyclines in the food‐processing chain.
MiR‐221 and miR‐26b Regulate Chemotactic Migration of MSCs Toward HGF Through Activation of Akt and FAK
Authors: Zhu Aisi , Kang Naixin , He Lihong , Li Xianyang , Xu Xiaojing , Zhang Huanxiang 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTThe chemotactic migration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is fundamental for their use in cell‐based therapies, but little is known about the molecular mechanisms that regulate their directed migration. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) participate in the regulation of a large variety of cellular processes. However, their roles in regulating the responses of MSCs to hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) remain elusive. Here, we found that microRNA‐221 (miR‐221) and microRNA‐26b (miR‐26b) were upregulated in MSCs subjected to HGF. Overexpression of miR‐221 or miR‐26b enhanced MSC migration through activation of PI3K/Akt signaling. Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) was identified as a potential target of miR‐221 and miR‐26b; overexpression of miR‐221 or miR‐26b decreased PTEN expression at both mRNA and protein levels. Overexpression of miR‐221 or miR‐26b in MSCs increased the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), a downstream effector of PTEN, which regulates cell migration through assembly and distribution of focal adhesions (FAs), and more dot‐like FAs were localized at the periphery of these cells. Altering miR‐221 or miR‐26b expression influenced the directed migration of MSCs toward HGF. Inhibition of miR‐221 or miR‐26b suppressed the phosphorylation of Akt and FAK and upregulated PTEN expression, which was partly restored by HGF treatment. Collectively, these results demonstrate that miR‐221 and miR‐26b participate in regulating the chemotactic response of MSCs toward HGF. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 1370–1383, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Effect of Remittances on Domestic Capital Formation in Select African Countries: A Comparative Empirical Analysis
Authors: Yiheyis Zelealem , Woldemariam Kasahun 
Published: November 2015

AbstractRemittances are expected to affect domestic investment, among others, through induced rise in savings and easing of financial constraints. However, the empirical evidence on the relationship between the two variables is rather thin, especially in the context of Africa. This study investigates the short‐run and long‐run effects of remittances on domestic investment in four African countries using the bounds testing approach to cointegration analysis. The findings of the study indicate that whether remittances spur domestic capital formation varies by country and the time horizon considered, highlighting, among others, the importance of identifying the factors that tend to condition their relationship. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Extractable and non‐extractable polyphenols from blueberries modulate LPS‐induced expression of iNOS and COX‐2 in RAW264.7 macrophages via the NF‐κB signalling pathway
Authors: Cheng Anwei , Han Caijing , Fang Xixiu , Sun Jinyue , Chen Xiangyan , Wan Fachun 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDPlant polyphenols are rich in blueberries that have a wide range of properties beneficial to human health. There are two types, according to the solubility of polyphenols, which were defined as extractable polyphenols (EPP) and non‐extractable polyphenols (NEPP), respectively. At present, in most of reports, ‘total polyphenol’ refers only to EPP excluding NEPP. In this paper, the effects of EPP and NEPP on lipopolysaccharides (LPS) induced production of nitric oxide (NO) and gene expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) in RAW264.7 cells via nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) signalling pathway were compared.RESULTSThe results showed that EPP and NEPP from blueberries significantly inhibited the LPS‐induced production of NO and gene expression of iNOS and COX‐2 in cells. The constitutive level of p65 sub‐unit of NF‐κB was obviously detected after the treatments with EPP or NEPP. By contrast, the level of phosphorylated p65 (P‐p65) was strongly inhibited by EPP or NEPP. EPP had a stronger inhibition on the gene expression of iNOS and COX‐2 than that of NEPP.CONCLUSIONThese findings of inhibition of iNOS and COX‐2 mRNA expression through the suppression of NF‐κB suggest that EPP and ENPP from blueberries have significant anti‐inflammatory effect and may be a potential medicine. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Faces of the needy: the portrayal of destitute children in the fundraising campaigns of NGOs in India
Authors: Bhati Abhishek , Eikenberry Angela M. 
Published: November 2015

This paper focuses on the portrayal of children in fundraising campaigns by nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) working in India and answers the following questions: How do children feel about their portrayal in the images of funding campaigns? How do photographers or managers/directors affiliated with NGOs view their portrayal of destitute children? The study draws on data from analysis of images, focus groups with children, and interviews with photographers and campaign managers from NGOs working in different parts of India. Findings suggest that children like to be portrayed as happy and in a “good light”, telling the whole story about their lives but that also generates awareness about hardships they face, such as child labor; NGOs face a challenge in representing beneficiaries in a good light while also showing “need” to donors; and children interviewed were unaware of the purpose of the images as a fundraising and marketing tool, raising ethical concerns.
Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Resting metabolic rate varies by race and by sleep duration
Authors: Spaeth Andrea M. , Dinges David F. , Goel Namni 
Published: November 2015

ObjectiveShort sleep duration is a significant risk factor for weight gain, particularly in African Americans and men. Increased caloric intake underlies this relationship, but it remains unclear whether decreased energy expenditure is a contributory factor. The current study assessed the impact of sleep restriction and recovery sleep on energy expenditure in African American and Caucasian men and women.MethodsHealthy adults participated in a controlled laboratory study. After two baseline sleep nights, subjects were randomized to an experimental (n = 36; 4 h sleep/night for five nights followed by one night with 12 h recovery sleep) or control condition (n = 11; 10 h sleep/night). Resting metabolic rate and respiratory quotient were measured using indirect calorimetry in the morning after overnight fasting.ResultsResting metabolic rate—the largest component of energy expenditure—decreased after sleep restriction (−2.6%, P = 0.032) and returned to baseline levels after recovery sleep. No changes in resting metabolic rate were observed in control subjects. Relative to Caucasians (n = 14), African Americans (n = 22) exhibited comparable daily caloric intake but a lower resting metabolic rate (P = 0.043) and higher respiratory quotient (P = 0.013) regardless of sleep duration.ConclusionsSleep restriction decreased morning resting metabolic rate in healthy adults, suggesting that sleep loss leads to metabolic changes aimed at conserving energy.