bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Interplay of Exercise Heart Rate and Blood Pressure as a Predictor of Coronary Artery Disease and Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Michaelides Andreas P. , Liakos Charalampos I. , Vyssoulis Gregory P. , Chatzistamatiou Evangelos I. , Markou Maria I. , Tzamou Vanessa , Stefanadis Christodoulos I. 
Published: November 2012

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2012;00:00–00. ©2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Delayed blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) decline at recovery post‐exercise are independent predictors of incident coronary artery disease (CAD). Delayed BP recovery and exaggerated BP response to exercise are independent predictors of future arterial hypertension (AH). This study sought to examine whether the combination of two exercise parameters provides additional prognostic value than each variable alone. A total of 830 non‐CAD patients (374 normotensive) were followed for new‐onset CAD and/or AH for 5 years after diagnostic exercise testing (ET). At the end of follow‐up, patients without overt CAD underwent a second ET. Stress imaging modalities and coronary angiography, where appropriate, ruled out CAD. New‐onset CAD was detected in 110 participants (13.3%) whereas AH was detected in 41 former normotensives (11.0%). The adjusted (for confounders) relative risk (RR) of CAD in abnormal BP and HR recovery patients was 1.95 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.28–2.98; P=.011) compared with delayed BP and normal HR recovery patients and 1.71 (95% CI, 1.08–2.75; P=.014) compared with normal BP and delayed HR recovery patients. The adjusted RR of AH in normotensives with abnormal BP recovery and response was 2.18 (95% CI, 1.03–4.72; P=.047) compared with delayed BP recovery and normal BP response patients and 2.48 (95% CI, 1.14–4.97; P=.038) compared with normal BP recovery and exaggerated BP response individuals. In conclusion, the combination of two independent exercise predictors is an even stronger CAD/AH predictor than its components.
Attentional threat avoidance and familial risk are independently associated with childhood anxiety disorders
Authors: Brown Hannah M. , McAdams Tom A. , Lester Kathryn J. , Goodman Robert , Clark David M. , Eley Thalia C. 
Published: November 2012

Background: Twin studies in children reveal that familial aggregation of anxiety disorders is due to both genetic and environmental factors. Cognitive biases for threat information are considered a robust characteristic of childhood anxiety. However, little is known regarding the underlying aetiology of such biases and their role in anxiety disorders.Method: A face version of the dot‐probe task measuring attentional biases for negative (anger, fear, sad, disgust) and positive (happy) facial expressions was completed by 600, 8‐year‐old twins; the largest study of its kind. Twin correlations for attentional bias scores were compared to estimate genetic and environmental effects. Parent‐report diagnostic interviews identified children with an anxiety disorder. Indices of inferred genetic and familial risk for anxiety disorders were created for each child. Data were analysed using a series of logistic regressions.Results: Anxious children showed greater attentional avoidance of negative faces than nonanxious children;t(548) = 2.55,p < .05. Attentional avoidance was not under genetic or shared environmental influence. Risk for anxiety disorders was predicted by familial factors. Both attentional avoidance and inferred familial risk were significant but independent predictors of anxiety disorders (ORs = .65 and 3.64, respectively).Conclusions: Anxiety‐related attentional biases and familial risk play important but independent roles in childhood anxiety disorders. If replicated, these findings indicate that links between genetic risk and anxiety disorders lie outside the domain of attentional processes.
European guidelines for topical photodynamic therapy part 1: treatment delivery and current indications – actinic keratoses, Bowen’s disease, basal cell carcinoma
Authors: Morton C.A. , Szeimies R.‐M. , Sidoroff A. , Braathen L.R. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractTopical photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a widely used non‐invasive treatment for certain non‐melanoma skin cancers, permitting treatment of large and multiple lesions with excellent cosmesis. High efficacy is demonstrated for PDT using standardized protocols in non‐hyperkeratotic actinic keratoses, Bowen’s disease, superficial basal cell carcinomas (BCC) and in certain thin nodular BCC, with superiority of cosmetic outcome over conventional therapies. Recurrence rates following PDT are typically equivalent to existing therapies, although higher than surgery for nodular BCC. PDT is not recommended for invasive squamous cell carcinoma. Treatment is generally well tolerated, but tingling discomfort or pain is common during PDT. New studies identify patients most likely to experience discomfort and permit earlier adoption of pain‐minimization strategies. Reduced discomfort has been observed with novel protocols including shorter photosensitizer application times and in daylight PDT for actinic keratoses.
The influence of geographic heterogeneity in predation pressure on sexual signal divergence in an Amazonian frog species complex
Authors: Trillo P. A. , Athanas K. A. , Goldhill D. H. , Hoke K. L. , Funk W. C. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractSexual selection plays an important role in mating signal divergence, but geographic variation in ecological factors can also contribute to divergent signal evolution. We tested the hypothesis that geographic heterogeneity in predation causes divergent selection on advertisement call complexity within the Engystomops petersi (previously Physalaemus petersi) frog species complex. We conducted predator phonotaxis experiments at two sites where female choice is consistent with call trait divergence. Engystomops at one site produces complex calls, whereas the closely related species at the other site produces simple calls. Bats approached complex calls more than simple calls at both sites, suggesting selection against complex calls. Moreover, bat predation pressure was greater at the site with simple calls, suggesting stronger selection against complex calls and potentially precluding evolution of complex calls at this site. Our results show that geographic variation in predation may play an important role in the evolution and maintenance of mating signal divergence.
The Maturity Rat Race
Authors: BRUNNERMEIER MARKUS K. , OEHMKE MARTIN 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTWhy do some firms, especially financial institutions, finance themselves so short‐term? We show that extreme reliance on short‐term financing may be the outcome of a maturity rat race: a borrower may have an incentive to shorten the maturity of an individual creditor's debt contract because this dilutes other creditors. In response, other creditors opt for shorter maturity contracts as well. This dynamic toward short maturities is present whenever interim information is mostly about the probability of default rather than the recovery in default. For borrowers that cannot commit to a maturity structure, equilibrium financing is inefficiently short‐term.
A Multiple Lender Approach to Understanding Supply and Search in the Equity Lending Market
Authors: KOLASINSKI ADAM C. , REED ADAM V. , RINGGENBERG MATTHEW C. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTUsing unique data from 12 lenders, we examine how equity lending fees respond to demand shocks. We find that, when demand is moderate, fees are largely insensitive to demand shocks. However, at high demand levels, further increases in demand lead to significantly higher fees and the extent to which demand shocks impact fees is also related to search frictions in the loan market. Moreover, consistent with search models, we find significant dispersion in loan fees, with this dispersion increasing in loan scarcity and search frictions. Our findings imply that search frictions significantly impact short selling costs.
How Effective Were the Federal Reserve Emergency Liquidity Facilities? Evidence from the Asset‐Backed Commercial Paper Money Market Mutual Fund Liquidity Facility
Authors: DUYGAN‐BUMP BURCU , PARKINSON PATRICK , ROSENGREN ERIC , SUAREZ GUSTAVO A. , WILLEN PAUL 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTThe events following Lehman's failure in 2008 and the current turmoil emanating from Europe highlight the structural vulnerabilities of short‐term credit markets and the role of central banks as back‐stop liquidity providers. The Federal Reserve's response to financial disruptions in the United States importantly included the creation of liquidity facilities. Using a differences‐in‐differences approach, we evaluate one of the most unusual of these interventions—the Asset‐Backed Commercial Paper Money Market Mutual Fund Liquidity Facility. We find that this facility helped stabilize asset outflows from money market funds and reduced asset‐backed commercial paper yields significantly.
Agentive Spaces, the “Background”, and Other Not Well Articulated Influences in Shaping our Lives
Authors: Shotter John 
Published: November 2012

AbstractWhat is special about all our living exchanges with our surroundings is that they occur within the ceaseless, intertwined flow of many unfolding strands of spontaneously responsive, living activity. This requires us to adopt a kind of fluid, process thinking, a shift from thinking of events as occurring between things and beings existing as separate entities prior to their inter‐action, to events occurring within a continuously unfolding, holistic but stranded flow of events, with no clear, already existing boundaries to be found anywhere (Mol & Law, 1994)—a flow of events within which we ourselves are also immersed. We thus become involved in activities within which we find things happening to us, as much as we make things happen in our surroundings—in other words, our surroundings are also agentive in that they can exert “calls” upon us to respond within them in appropriate ways. Consequently, what we can learn in such encounters is not just new facts or bits of information, but new ways of relating or orienting ourselves bodily to the others and othernesses in the world around us—although much can “stand in the way” of our doing this. My concern below is to explore events happening on the (inter)‐subjective side of the Cartesian subject/object divide which “shape” our spontaneous ways of acting in, and reflecting on, the “worlds” within which we live out our lives.
Consumer and Corporate Debt: A Neo‐Kaleckian Synthesis
Authors: Isaac Alan G. , Kim Yun K. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractWe present a neo‐Kaleckian growth model with both consumer and corporate debt. The model's macrodynamic and stability characteristics differ from singleߚdebt models, yet some steadyߚstate results persist. For example, a surge in ‘animal spirits’ is good for steadyߚstate growth, and consumer borrowing can help to sustain aggregate demand. Stable steady states are characterized by a kind of ‘euthanasia of the rentier’. Consumer credit conditions influence effective demand, the profit rate and economic growth. Looser consumer credit conditions have a steadyߚstate growth effect and can enhance system stability. In this restricted sense, looser consumer credit conditions are good for macroeconomic stability.
How to escape from crop‐to‐weed gene flow: phenological variation and isolation‐by‐time within weedy sunflower populations
Authors: Roumet M. , Noilhan C. , Latreille M. , David J. , Muller M.‐H. 
Published: November 2012

Summary

The evolution of crop‐related weeds may be constrained by recurrent gene flow from the crop. However, flowering time variation within weedy populations may open the way for weed adaptation by allowing some weeds to escape from this constraint. We investigated this link between phenology, gene flow and adaptation in weedy sunflower populations that have recently emerged in Europe from crop–wild hybridization.

We studied jointly flowering phenology and genetic diversity for 15 microsatellite loci in six cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus) fields infested by weedy sunflower populations.

The flowering overlap of cultivated and weedy sunflowers varied between and within populations: some weedy individuals were found to be completely isolated from the crop, the frequency of these plants being higher in populations from highly infested fields. Within weedy populations, we detected a pattern of isolation‐by‐time: the genetic divergence between individuals was positively correlated with their divergence in flowering period. In addition, earlier weeds, which flowered synchronously with the crop, were genetically more similar than late‐flowering weeds to the cultivated varieties.

Overall, our results suggest that crop‐to‐weed gene flow occurred, but was limited by divergent phenologies. We discuss the roles of weed adaptation and population history in the generation of this partial reproductive isolation.
On Aristotelianism and Structures as Parts
Authors: Toner Patrick 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAristotelian substance theory tells us that substances have structures (read: forms) as proper parts. This claim has recently been defended by Kathrin Koslicki who dubbed it the ‘Neo‐Aristotelian Thesis.’ Strangely, Aristotelianism has not yet been universally embraced by philosophers – partly because some of its claims, such as the Neo‐Aristotelian Thesis – are viewed by some as counterintuitive at best. In this paper, I argue for Aristotelianism by showing its philosophical usefulness: specifically, I put it to use in saving the metaphysical doctrine of endurantism and some central mereological doctrines (such as Transitivity) from recent attacks. This utility gives us reason to endorse Aristotelianism. Along the way, I defend Koslicki's argument for the Neo‐Aristotelian Thesis from a recent criticism, thus helping provide still more reason to endorse Aristotelianism: namely, Koslicki's vindicated argument.
Religion and Healing in Pre‐Modern Japan
Authors: Winfield Pamela D. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThroughout the pre‐modern history of Japan, successive waves of foreign religious and medical influence provided distinct models for healing the mind‐breath‐body complex. Proto‐Shintō divination and healing were supplemented by Daoist traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) that theorized and restored the flow of ki (qi) energy throughout the body. Buddhist medicine and healing rituals mitigated karmic disease (gobyō ), also empowered patients with a hands‐on healing technique called kaji, and offered the medicinal and meditative benefits of Zen tea. Islamic medicinal recipes made their way into Japan at the farthest reach of the Silk Road, and Neo‐Confucian moral physicians as well as Jesuit surgeons carried competing models for health into Japan. In terms of visual culture, moreover, the healing Yakushi “Medicine” Buddha, esoteric mandalas, attributes of the thousand‐armed Kannon bodhisattva of compassion and even paintings of healing herbs on the coffered ceilings of Buddhist temples indicate the central role that religion played in the medical arts of pre‐modern Japan. Chronicling Japan’s religio‐medical history in this way is important for several reasons. First, its interdisciplinary approach integrates the latest scholarship in religious studies, the history of science, and art history. Second, it offers much‐needed historical perspective that can help to inform the contemporary interest in alternative medicine, the power of prayer in healing, and the health of the mind‐breath‐body complex. Finally, it speaks to the cultural flows and effects of pre‐modern globalization, which facilitated the dissemination of knowledge far afield from its origins.
Blockade of programmed death receptor‐1 signaling restores expression of mostly proinflammatory cytokines in anergic cytomegalovirus‐specific T cells
Authors: Dirks J. , Egli A. , Sester U. , Sester M. , Hirsch H.H. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundProgrammed death receptor‐1 (PD‐1) compromises cytomegalovirus (CMV)‐specific T‐cell responses and has been linked to CMV viremia after transplantation. An impaired functional and proliferative capacity of PD‐1‐positive CMV‐specific T cells may be reversed by the antibody‐mediated blockade of PD‐1 signaling. However, knowledge is limited on changes in “cytokinome” expression profiles associated with reversal of functional exhaustion.MethodsThe “cytokinome” was analyzed by 27‐plex Luminex technology comparing renal transplant recipients with low (n = 5) and high (n = 5) PD‐1 expression on CMV‐specific T cells. The effect of blocking PD‐1 by PD‐ligand (PD‐L) antibodies on restoration of cytokine expression was examined.ResultsCMV‐specific cytokine release and proliferation was lower in patients with high PD‐1 expression on CMV‐specific T cells. Antibody‐mediated blockade of PD‐L in CMV‐stimulated samples restored expression levels of interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐2, IL‐6, IL‐9, IL‐10, granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor, interferon‐γ, macrophage inflammatory protein‐1α, and tumor necrosis factor‐α. By contrast, no profound effect was observed for controls or patients with low PD‐1 expression, or in staphylococcal enterotoxin B‐stimulated cells.ConclusionTaken together, this pilot study provides evidence that a high PD‐1 expression on CMV‐specific T cells actively impairs proliferation and “cytokinome” responses in an antigen‐specific manner. Importantly, blockade of PD‐L restores CMV‐specific T‐cell proliferation and expression of a panel of different proinflammatory and/or type 1 cytokines, suggesting a common but as yet unknown regulatory principle. We conclude that PD‐1 exhaustion is reversible and potentially amenable to therapeutic ex vivo and possibly in vivo manipulation. However, detailed knowledge of the differential effects on the “cytokinome” will be necessary to increase the safety and the efficacy of such manipulations.
Mis‐expression of a PISTILLATA‐like MADS box gene prevents fruit development in grapevine
Authors: Fernandez Lucie , Chaïb Jamila , Martinez‐Zapater José‐Miguel , Thomas Mark R. , Torregrosa Laurent 
Published: November 2012

SummaryThe FLESHLESS BERRY (Flb) somatic variant identified in the grapevine cultivar Ugni Blanc develops grape berries without flesh, suggesting a role for the altered gene in differentiation of flesh cells. Here we describe identification of the molecular defect responsible for this phenotype. Using a combination of genetic and transcriptomic approaches, we detected the insertion of a miniature inverted‐repeat transposable element in the promoter region of the PISTILLATA‐like (VvPI) gene, the grapevine homologue of Arabidopsis PISTILLATA. The transposon insertion causes specific ectopic expression of the corresponding VvPI allele during early fruit development, causing expression of genes specific for petal and stamen development within the fruit. A causal relationship between the insertion and the phenotype was demonstrated by phenotypic and molecular analyses of somatic revertants showing that ectopic expression and mutant phenotype were always linked to the presence of the transposon insertion. The various phenotypic effects of the flb mutation on ovary morphology, fruit set and fruit development, depending on the cell lineage affected, are presented for each phenotype, offering new insights into floral and fleshly fruit development. The results highlight the importance of VvPI repression after fertilization to achieve normal fleshy fruit development, and the complex genetic, genomic and cellular interactions required for the flower to fruit transition in grapevine.
Spatial moment analysis of reactive and radioactive solute in river system with layered porous bed
Authors: Anwar Shadab 
Published: November 2012

AbstractMass exchange between river stream and riverbed is critical towards remediation of contaminated river system. Spatial moment analysis of reactive and radioactive solute in river channel with underlying porous bed is applied to understand the qualitative description of solute plume in riverbed and river stream. Semi‐analytical solutions for zeroth‐, first‐ and second‐order spatial moment of reactive and radioactive solute are derived in Laplace domain. The spatial moments of concentration are numerically inverted. Parabolic velocity in river channel and exponentially decaying velocity in porous bed are linked using a slip velocity at the interface. The model is verified against the semi‐analytical solution for zeroth moment of conservative solute. The model was applied to understand the relative impact of sorption and decay on the transport of solute plume released in a river system. Sorption was assumed to be limited in the riverbed; hence, the zeroth moment of solute in the river stream remains unchanged for different rates of retardation. The model can be applied to verify numerical models or to predict qualitative description of solute concentration and extent of contamination in a river system.
Improvements in Cryptosporidium recovery and variability through modifications to United States Environmental Protection Agency Method 1623
Authors: Kimble Gina , Amburgey James , Hilger Helene 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe use of United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Method 1623 for the detection of Cryptosporidium in water often results in low and variable rates of recovery. According to data disseminated in Method 1623, less than a quarter of tested surface water samples had Cryptosporidium recoveries of 60% or greater. This research explored various method modifications in order to produce a method with higher recovery and less variability. Once method modifications were implemented, recoveries of C. parvum in reagent water increased by greater than 20% to an average recovery of 76%. In surface water, a significantly higher (P = 0.049) mean recovery of 67% for C. parvum was achieved with the modified method. Giardia is simultaneously detected when using Method 1623. The method modifications significantly increased the recovery of Giardia in reagent water by 37% (P = 0.0002) while also allowing for a 17% higher recovery in surface water samples (P = 0.21).
A Feasibility Study of Vibration-Assisted Nano-Impact Machining by Loose Abrasives Using Atomic Force Microscope
Authors: James Sagil , Sundaram Murali M. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractNanomachining of brittle materials is required in a wide range of applications. This paper reports on the feasibility studies of vibration-assisted nano-impact machining by loose abrasives (VANILA), a novel nanomachining process for target-specific nanomachining of hard and brittle materials. A mathematical model based on Hertzian fracture mechanics theory has been developed to evaluate the feasibility of material removal in the VANILA process, where hard abrasive grains impact the brittle workpiece surface. Experimental investigations are conducted using a commercially available atomic force microscope (AFM), to validate the feasibility of the proposed process. Several nanocavities with circular shape, having depths ranging from 6 to 64 nm and diameters ranging from 78 to 276 nm, are successfully machined. Patterns of nanocavities are machined to confirm the repeatability and controllability of the process. Observation of tool tips using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) reveals that the tool wear in the VANILA process is lesser than that observed in indentation process.