bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic accuracy for apical and chronic periodontitis biomarkers in gingival crevicular fluid: an exploratory study
Authors: Baeza Mauricio , Garrido Mauricio , Hernández‐Ríos Patricia , Dezerega Andrea , García‐Sesnich Jocelyn , Strauss Franz , Aitken Juan Pablo , Lesaffre Emmanuel , Vanbelle Sophie , Gamonal Jorge , Brignardello‐Petersen Romina , Tervahartiala Taina , Sorsa Timo , Hernández Marcela 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to assess the levels and diagnostic accuracy of a set of potential biomarkers of periodontal tissue metabolism in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) and asymptomatic apical periodontitis ( AAP).Materials and MethodsThirty one GCF samples from 11 CP patients, 44 GCF samples from 38 AAP patients and 31 GCF samples from 13 healthy volunteers were obtained (N = 106). Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) ‐2 and ‐9 were determined by zymography; levels of MMP‐8 by ELISA and IFMA and MPO by ELISA. IL‐1, IL‐6, TNFα, DKK‐1, Osteonectin, Periostin, TRAP‐5 and OPG were determined by a multiplex quantitative panel. Statistical analysis was performed using linear mixed‐effects models.ResultsThe MMP‐9 and MMP‐8 were higher in CP, followed by AAP, versus healthy individuals (p < 0.05). ProMMP‐2, MPO, IL‐1, IL‐6, PTN, TRAP‐5 and OPG were significantly higher in CP when compared with AAP and healthy patients (p < 0.05). The highest diagnostic accuracies were observed for ProMMP‐2, ProMMP‐9, MMP‐8 and TRAP‐5 (AUC > 0.97) in CP, and for the active form of MMP‐9 and MMP‐8 (AUC > 0.90) in AAP.ConclusionGingival crevicular fluid composition is modified by CP and AAP. MMP‐9 and MMP‐8 show diagnostic potential for CP and AAP, whereas MMP‐2 and TRAP‐5 are useful only for CP.
Determining optimal threshold for statins prescribing: individualization of statins treatment for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease
Authors: Djulbegovic Benjamin , Tsalatsanis Athanasios , Hozo Iztok 
Published: November 2015

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesThe American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) statin guidelines recommend that people with risk of cardio‐vascular disease (CVD) ≥7.5% over 10 years should be treated with statins. This recommendation ignores individual patient CVD risks and preferences. We compared the ACC/AHA guidelines to the following management strategies a) individualized statins treatment based on Framingham Risk Score (FRS), b) treat none, c) treat all.MethodsWe employed regret‐based decision curve analysis to evaluate the optimal treatment strategy. We used data on 5013 participants from the second generation of the Framingham Heart Study. We assessed regret of each treatment strategy [treat according to FRS vs. treat none vs. treat all] as a function of emotionally felt loss of treatment benefits and incurred treatment harms. We calculated the difference between regret associated with one strategy compared with the other and expressed it as Net Expected Regret Difference (NERD). Two strategies are identical if NERD = 0.ResultsTreatment according to ACC/AHA guidelines represents the optimal strategy only if the patient values avoiding heart disease 12 times more than harms related to statins. For values of benefit/harms (B/H) <12, treatment according to FRS represents the optimal strategy. For B/H <3, ‘treat none’ represents equally acceptable strategy. Adopting a threshold of 10% recommended by other professional organizations would decrease over‐treatment by more than 60% without significantly affecting under‐treatment.ConclusionUnder most realistic scenarios, individualizing statins treatment, or not recommending statins at all, represents the optimal strategy for primary prevention of heart disease.
Nedd4L expression is decreased in ovarian epithelial cancer tissues compared to ovarian non‐cancer tissue
Authors: Yang Qiuyun , Zhao Jinghe , Cui Manhua , Gi Shuting , Wang Wei , Han Xiaole 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAimRecent studies have demonstrated that the neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally downregulated 4‐like (Nedd4L) gene plays a role in the progression of various cancers. However, reports describing Nedd4L expression in ovarian cancer tissues are limited.Material and MethodsA cohort (n = 117) of archival formalin‐fixed, paraffin embedded resected normal ovarian epithelial tissues (n = 10), benign ovarian epithelial tumor tissues (n = 10), serous borderline ovarian epithelial tumor tissues (n = 14), mucous borderline ovarian epithelial tumor tissues (n = 11), and invasive ovarian epithelial cancer tissues (n = 72) were assessed for Nedd4L protein expression using immunohistochemistry.ResultsNedd4L protein expression was significantly decreased in invasive ovarian epithelial cancer tissues compared to non‐cancer tissues (P < 0.05). Decreased Nedd4L protein expression correlated with clinical stage, pathological grade, lymph node metastasis and survival (P < 0.05).ConclusionNedd4L protein expression may be an independent prognostic marker of ovarian cancer development.
Patterns of recurrence and survival after abdominal versus laparoscopic/robotic radical hysterectomy in patients with early cervical cancer
Authors: Kong Tae‐Wook , Chang Suk‐Joon , Piao Xianling , Paek Jiheum , Lee Yonghee , Lee Eun Ju , Chun Mison , Ryu Hee‐Sug 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAimThis study investigates the pattern of disease recurrence and identifies the clinicopathologic prognostic factors for patients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage IB and IIA cervical carcinoma treated with laparoscopic/robotic radical hysterectomy (LRH/RRH).MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of 128 patients with FIGO stage IB and IIA cervical cancer. Preoperative examination did not uncover definitive evidence of parametrial invasion or lymph node metastasis in any of the patients; therefore, all patients underwent LRH/RRH with retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy between April 2006 and December 2013. Sites of disease recurrence and all possible clinicopathologic factors related to the risk of disease recurrence were determined.ResultsMultivariate analysis demonstrated that laparoscopic intracorporeal colpotomy (P < 0.041, odds ratio 7.038, 95% confidence interval 1.059–15.183) represented a strong prognostic factor related to disease recurrence. We categorized the minimally invasive surgery group into LRH through vaginal colpotomy (LRH‐VC; 79 patients) and LRH/RRH through intracorporeal colpotomy (LRH/RRH‐IC; 49 patients) according to the colpotomic approaches. Disease recurrence was higher in the LRH/RRH‐IC group than in the LRH‐VC group (16.3% vs 5.1%, P = 0.057), with five patients in the LRH/RRH‐IC group experiencing intraperitoneal spreads.ConclusionsTotal laparoscopic/robotic intracorporeal colpotomy under CO2 pneumoperitoneum may carry a risk of positive vaginal cuff margin, as well as intraperitoneal tumor spreads in patients with early‐stage cervical cancer treated with LRH/RRH.
Critical Realism and the Althusserian Legacy
Authors: O’ Boyle Brian , McDonough Terrence 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis paper undertakes an historical re‐evaluation of Louis Althusser's philosophical legacy for modern Marxism. While Althusser self‐consciously sought to defend the scientific character of Marxism, many of his closest followers eventually exited the Marxian paradigm for a post‐structural post‐Marxism. We argue that this development was predominately rooted in a series of philosophical errors that proved fatal in a period of retreat for European socialism. There has always been, however, a second post‐Althusserian legacy associated with the critical realist conception of Marxism initiated by Roy Bhaskar. Bhaskar found part of his inspiration in Althusser's successful posing of the question of Marx's science and this paper sets out to excavate the proper links between Althusser and Bhaskar in order to deepen the relationship between critical realism and scientific Marxism.
Clinical and histological findings of autosomal dominant renal‐limited disease with LMX1B mutation
Authors: Konomoto Takao , Imamura Hideaki , Orita Mayuko , Tanaka Etsuko , Moritake Hiroshi , Sato Yuji , Fujimoto Shouichi , Harita Yutaka , Hisano Satoshi , Yoshiura Koh‐ichiro , Nunoi Hiroyuki 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAimMutations of LMX1B cause nail‐patella syndrome, a rare autosomal dominant disorder. Recently, LMX1B R246Q heterozygous mutations were recognised in nephropathy without extrarenal manifestation. The aim of this study was to clarify characteristics of nephropathy caused by R246Q mutation.MethodsWhole exome sequencing was performed on a large family with nonsyndromic autosomal dominant nephropathy without extrarenal manifestation. Clinical and histological findings of patients with LMX1B mutation were investigated.ResultsLMX1B R246Q heterozygous mutation was identified in five patients over three generations. Proteinuria or haematoproteinuria was recognized by urinary screening from all patients in childhood. Proteinuria gradually increased to nephrotic levels and renal function decreased in adolescence. Two patients progressed to end‐stage renal disease in adulthood. Renal histology demonstrated minimal change in childhood and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in adulthood. Using electron microscopy, focal collagen deposition could be detected in glomeruli even when a “moth‐eaten appearance” was not apparent in the glomerular basement membrane. In addition, podocin expression in glomerular podocytes was significantly decreased, even in the early stages of disease progression.ConclusionComprehensive genetic analyses and collagen or tannic acid staining may be useful for diagnosis of LMX1B‐associated nephropathy. While renal prognosis of R246Q may be worse than that of typical NPS nephropathy, signs of podocytopathy can be detected during the infantile period; thus, childhood urinary screening may facilitate early detection.
The joint power of sex and stress to modulate brain–gut–microbiota axis and intestinal barrier homeostasis: implications for irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Pigrau M. , Rodiño‐Janeiro B. K. , Casado‐Bedmar M. , Lobo B. , Vicario M. , Santos J. , Alonso‐Cotoner C. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundIntestinal homeostasis is a dynamic process that takes place at the interface between the lumen and the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract, where a constant scrutiny for antigens and toxins derived from food and microorganisms is carried out by the vast gut‐associated immune system. Intestinal homeostasis is preserved by the ability of the mucus layer and the mucosal barrier to keep the passage of small‐sized and antigenic molecules across the epithelium highly selective. When combined and preserved, immune surveillance and barrier's selective permeability, the host capacity of preventing the development of intestinal inflammation is optimized, and viceversa. In addition, the brain–gut–microbiome axis, a multidirectional communication system that integrates distant and local regulatory networks through neural, immunological, metabolic, and hormonal signaling pathways, also regulates intestinal function. Dysfunction of the brain–gut–microbiome axis may induce the loss of gut mucosal homeostasis, leading to uncontrolled permeation of toxins and immunogenic particles, increasing the risk of appearance of intestinal inflammation, mucosal damage, and gut disorders. Irritable bowel syndrome is prevalent stress‐sensitive gastrointestinal disorder that shows a female predominance. Interestingly, the role of stress, sex and gonadal hormones in the regulation of intestinal mucosal and the brain–gut–microbiome axis functioning is being increasingly recognized.PurposeWe aim to critically review the evidence linking sex, and stress to intestinal barrier and brain–gut–microbiome axis dysfunction and the implications for irritable bowel syndrome.
The contrasting nature of woody plant species in different neotropical forest biomes reflects differences in ecological stability
Authors: Pennington R. Toby , Lavin Matt 
Published: November 2015

SummaryA fundamental premise of this review is that distinctive phylogenetic and biogeographic patterns in clades endemic to different major biomes illuminate the evolutionary process. In seasonally dry tropical forests (SDTFs), phylogenies are geographically structured and multiple individuals representing single species coalesce. This pattern of monophyletic species, coupled with their old species stem ages, is indicative of maintenance of small effective population sizes over evolutionary timescales, which suggests thatSDTFis difficult to immigrate into because of persistent resident lineages adapted to a stable, seasonally dry ecology. By contrast, lack of coalescence in conspecific accessions of abundant and often widespread species is more frequent in rain forests and is likely to reflect large effective population sizes maintained over huge areas by effective seed and pollen flow. Species nonmonophyly, young species stem ages and lack of geographical structure in rain forest phylogenies may reflect more widespread disturbance by drought and landscape evolution causing resident mortality that opens up greater opportunities for immigration and speciation. We recommend full species sampling and inclusion of multiple accessions representing individual species in phylogenies to highlight nonmonophyletic species, which we predict will be frequent in rain forest and savanna, and which represent excellent case studies of incipient speciation.ContentsSummary25I.Introduction25II.Neotropical biomes26III.Coalescence27IV.Species from seasonally dry tropical forests (SDTFs)27V.Species from rain forest, with particular focus on Amazonia28VI.Ages of species32VII.Species from neotropical savannas33VIII.Conclusions and ways forward34Acknowledgements35References35
Combined Alport syndrome and Klinefelter syndrome
Authors: Nishida Masashi , Hashimoto Fusako , Kaito Hiroshi , Nozu Kandai , Iijima Kazumoto , Asada Dai , Hamaoka Kenji 
Published: November 2015

AbstractTo date, there have been a very limited number of case reports on combined Alport syndrome (AS) and Klinefelter syndrome (KS). We herein describe the case of a 9‐month‐old boy diagnosed with concomitant AS and KS. KS was detected on chromosomal analysis of the amniotic fluid, and hematuria/proteinuria was identified in urinary screening at 6 months of age. Renal biopsy indicated AS, with complete deficit of the α5 chain of type IV collagen in the glomerular basement membranes. On genetic analysis for AS, de novo homozygote mutation (c.3605‐2a > c) was seen in the gene encoding α5 chain of type IV collagen (COL4A5) on the X chromosomes of maternal origin. This is the first case report of combined AS and KS diagnosed during infancy, and it indicates the need to consider the concurrent existence of these two disorders in infants with urine abnormalities, even in the absence of a family history.
HIV testing uptake and retention in care of HIV‐infected pregnant and breastfeeding women initiated on ‘Option B+’ in rural Zimbabwe
Authors: Dzangare Janet , Takarinda Kudakwashe C. , Harries Anthony D. , Tayler‐Smith Katie , Mhangara Mutsa , Apollo Tsitsi Mutasa , Mushavi Angela , Chimwaza Anesu , Sithole Ngwarai , Magure Tapiwa , Mpofu Amon , Dube Freeman , Mugurungi Owen 
Published: November 2015

AbstractObjectivesZimbabwe has started to scale up Option B+ for the prevention of mother‐to‐child transmission of HIV, but there is little published information about uptake or retention in care. This study determined the number and proportion of pregnant and lactating women in rural districts diagnosed with HIV infection and started on Option B+ along with six‐month antiretroviral treatment (ART) outcomes.MethodsThis was a retrospective record review of women presenting to antenatal care or maternal and child health services at 34 health facilities in Chikomba and Gutu rural districts, Zimbabwe, between January and March 2014.ResultsA total of 2728 women presented to care of whom 2598 were eligible for HIV testing: 76% presented to antenatal care, 20% during labour and delivery and 4% while breastfeeding. Of 2097 (81%) HIV‐tested women, 7% were HIV positive. Lower HIV testing uptake was found with increasing parity, late presentation to antenatal care, health centre attendance and in women tested during labour. Ninety‐one per cent of the HIV‐positive women were started on Option B+. Six‐month ART retention in care, including transfers, was 83%. Loss to follow‐up was the main cause of attrition. Increasing age and gravida status ≥2 were associated with higher six‐month attrition.ConclusionThe uptake of HIV testing and Option B+ is high in women attending antenatal and post‐natal clinics in rural Zimbabwe, suggesting that the strategy is feasible for national scale‐up in the country.
Electronic enhancements to blood ordering reduce component waste
Authors: Yazer Mark H. , Deandrade Diana S. , Triulzi Darrell J. , Wisniewski Mary Kay , Waters Jonathan H. 
Published: November 2015

BACKGROUNDThe effect on component wastage after enhancing the clinician's ability to order blood products in the computerized physician order entry (CPOE) system was investigated in a multihospital network.METHODSA novel field was added to the CPOE of eight hospitals within a health care system allowing the physician to reserve a red blood cell (RBC) unit for transfusion at a later time. Simultaneously, an electronic means of communication with the blood bank was implemented requiring the nurse to ensure that the patient was prepared for the transfusion before a product could be issued. The wastage rates in the 12 months after these electronic enhancements (Phase 2) was compared to the preceding 19 months of a non–CPOE‐based waste reduction campaign (Phase 1) and to the 24 months before the campaign (baseline period).RESULTSThere were significant reductions in platelet (PLT) waste between the baseline period and Phase 1 (p < 0.05) and between Phase 2 and both Phase 1 and the baseline period (p < 0.05). The annual systemwide cost savings in wasted PLTs between the baseline period and Phase 2 was approximately $123,300. RBC waste was significantly reduced between Phase 2 and both Phase 1 and the baseline period (p < 0.05). Cryoprecipitate waste was reduced between Phase 2 and the baseline period (p < 0.05), while plasma waste did not change between the three periods.CONCLUSIONSImplementing a multifaceted approach to waste reduction led to a significant reduction in wastage for RBCs, PLTs, and cryoprecipitate.
Incidence and duration of hepatitis E virus infection in Dutch blood donors
Authors: Hogema Boris M. , Molier Michel , Sjerps Margret , de Waal Mirjam , van Swieten Peter , van de Laar Thijs , Molenaar‐de Backer Marijke , Zaaijer Hans L. 
Published: November 2015

BACKGROUNDThe incidence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection in the Netherlands is high. Blood donors are not routinely screened for HEV infection, but since January 2013, donations used for the production of solvent/detergent (S/D)‐treated plasma have been screened for HEV RNA.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSDonations were screened for HEV RNA in pools of 96 and 192 donations. In addition, all donations made between 60 days before and after each HEV RNA‐positive donation were tested individually for HEV RNA and anti‐HEV immunoglobulin G.RESULTSThe screening of 59,474 donations between January 2013 and December 2014 resulted in identification of 45 HEV RNA‐positive donations (0.076%) from 41 donors. HEV RNA loads ranged from 80 to 2.3 × 106 IU/mL. The number of positive donations increased significantly over time (p = 0.03). Thirty‐three of 90 donations made up to 60 days before or after HEV RNA‐positive donations were positive when tested individually, while they had not been detected in the pool screening. The mean duration of HEV viremia in the healthy blood donor is estimated to be 68 days.CONCLUSIONThe incidence of HEV infection in the Netherlands is high and increased during the study period. In 2013 and 2014, HEV RNA was detected in 1 per 762 donations intended for production of S/D plasma.
Autologous Blood and Platelet-Rich Plasma Injections in the Treatment of Achilles Tendinopathy: A Critically Appraised Topic
Authors: Sinnott Cori , White Hayley M. , Cuchna Jennifer W. , Van Lunen Bonnie L. 
Published: November 2015

Clinical Scenario:Achilles tendinopathy is a painful condition commonly affecting the general and athletic population. It presents with localized pain, stiffness, and swelling in the midportion of the Achilles tendon. The physical stress placed on the tendon results in microtrauma, which leads to subsequent inflammation and degeneration. While it is not surprising that this condition affects the physically active, nearly one-third of Achilles tendinopathy cases occur in sedentary individuals. Etiology for this condition stems from a change in loading patterns and/or overuse of the tendon, resulting in microscopic tearing and degenerative changes. There are numerous causes contributing to the maladaptive response in these patients, such as mechanical, age-related, genetic, and vascular factors. The treatment for these patients is typically load management and eccentric strengthening of the gastrocnemius–soleus complex. Unfortunately, conservative treatment can lead to surgical intervention in up to 45% of cases. A relatively new phenomenon in the treatment of this condition is the use of autologous blood injections (ABI) and platelet-rich plasma injections (PRPI). This need for a less invasive treatment fostered more investigation into ABI and PRPI to treat these nonresponsive patients. However, the evidence concerning the effectiveness of these treatments in patients with Achilles tendinopathy has not been synthesized.Focused Clinical Question:In patients with Achilles tendinopathy, how do variations of ABI and PRPI compared with a placebo and/or eccentric training affect pain and function?
Effect of Humeral-Elevation Angle on Electromyographic Activity in the Serratus Anterior During the Push-Up-Plus Exercise
Authors: Hwang Ui-jae , Kwon Oh-yun , Jeon In-cheol , Kim Si-hyun , Weon Jong-hyuck 
Published: November 2015

Context:The push-up-plus (PP) exercise has been recommended for strengthening of the serratus anterior (SA). Previous studies have investigated the effect of different stability properties of the base of support to adjust the difficulty level of SA muscle-strengthening exercises in the PP position. However, the optimal humeral-elevation angle (HEA) for selective activation and maximum contraction of the SA during PP has not been investigated.Objectives:To assess the effects of HEA during PP on electromyographic (EMG) activity in the SA, upper trapezius (UT), and pectoralis major (PM) and on the UT:SA and PM:SA activity ratios.Design:Comparative, repeated-measures design.Setting:University research laboratory.Participants:29 healthy men.Main Outcome Measures:The subjects performed PP at 3 different HEAs (60°, 90°, and 120°); EMG activity in the SA, UT, and PM was measured, and the UT:SA and PM:SA activity ratios were calculated. Differences in muscle activity and ratios between the 60°, 90°, and 120° HEAs were assessed using 1-way repeated-measures analysis of variance; the Bonferroni correction was applied.Results:SA muscle activity was significantly increased, in order of magnitude, at the 120°, 90°, and 60° HEAs. UT:SA and PM:SA activity ratios were significantly greater during performance of the PP at an HEA of 60° than at HEAs of 120° and 90°.Conclusion:The results suggest that an HEA of 120° should be used during performance of the PP because it produces greater SA activation than HEAs of 60° and 90°.