bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Children's callous‐unemotional traits moderate links between their positive relationships with parents at preschool age and externalizing behavior problems at early school age
Authors: Kochanska Grazyna , Kim Sanghag , Boldt Lea J. , Yoon Jeung Eun 
Published: May 2013

BackgroundGrowing research on children's traits as moderators of links between parenting and developmental outcomes has shown that variations in positivity, warmth, or responsiveness in parent–child relationships are particularly consequential for temperamentally difficult or biologically vulnerable children. But very few studies have addressed the moderating role of children's callous‐unemotional (CU) traits, a known serious risk factor for antisocial cascades. We examined children's CU traits as moderators of links between parent–child Mutually Responsive Orientation (MRO) and shared positive affect and future externalizing behavior problems.MethodsParticipants included 100 two‐parent community families of normally developing children, followed longitudinally. MRO and shared positive affect in mother–child and father–child dyads were observed in lengthy, diverse naturalistic contexts when children were 38 and 52 months. Both parents rated children's CU traits at 67 months and their externalizing behavior problems (Oppositional Defiant Disorder and Conduct Disorder) at 67, 80, and 100 months.ResultsChildren's CU traits moderated links between early positive parent–child relationships and children's future externalizing behavior problems, even after controlling for strong continuity of those problems. For children with elevated CU traits, higher mother–child MRO and father–child shared positive affect predicted a decrease in mother‐reported future behavior problems. There were no significant associations for children with relatively lower CU scores.ConclusionsPositive qualities for early relationships, potentially different for mother–child and father–child dyads, can serve as potent factors that decrease probability of antisocial developmental cascades for children who are at risk due to elevated CU traits.
Polyandrous females acquire indirect benefits in a nuptial feeding species
Authors: Tuni C. , Albo M. J. , Bilde T. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe relative force of direct and indirect selection underlying the evolution of polyandry is contentious. When females acquire direct benefits during mating, indirect benefits are often considered negligible. Although direct benefits are likely to play a prominent role in the evolution of polyandry, post‐mating selection for indirect benefits may subsequently evolve. We examined whether polyandrous females acquire indirect benefits and quantified direct and indirect effects of multiple mating on female fitness in a nuptial gift‐giving spider (Pisaura mirabilis). In this system, the food item donated by males during mating predicts direct benefits of polyandry. We compared fecundity, fertility and survival of singly mated females to that of females mated three times with the same (monogamy) or different (polyandry) males in a two‐factorial design where females were kept under high and low feeding conditions. Greater access to nutrients and sperm had surprisingly little positive effect on fitness, apart from shortening the time until oviposition. In contrast, polyandry increased female reproductive success by increasing the probability of oviposition, and egg hatching success indicating that indirect benefits arise from mating with several different mating partners rather than resources transferred by males. The evolution of polyandry in a male‐resource‐based mating system may result from exploitation of the female foraging motivation and that indirect genetic benefits are subsequently derived resulting from co‐evolutionary post‐mating processes to gain a reproductive advantage or to counter costs of mating. Importantly, indirect benefits may represent an additional explanation for the maintenance of polyandry.
Co‐evolutionary patterns and diversification of ant–fungus associations in the asexual fungus‐farming ant Mycocepurus smithii in Panama
Authors: Kellner K. , Fernández‐Marín H. , Ishak H. D. , Sen R. , Linksvayer T. A. , Mueller U. G. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractPartner fidelity through vertical symbiont transmission is thought to be the primary mechanism stabilizing cooperation in the mutualism between fungus‐farming (attine) ants and their cultivated fungal symbionts. An alternate or additional mechanism could be adaptive partner or symbiont choice mediating horizontal cultivar transmission or de novo domestication of free‐living fungi. Using microsatellite genotyping for the attine ant Mycocepurus smithii and ITS rDNA sequencing for fungal cultivars, we provide the first detailed population genetic analysis of local ant–fungus associations to test for the relative importance of vertical vs. horizontal transmission in a single attine species. M. smithii is the only known asexual attine ant, and it is furthermore exceptional because it cultivates a far greater cultivar diversity than any other attine ant. Cultivar switching could permit the ants to re‐acquire cultivars after garden loss, to purge inferior cultivars that are locally mal‐adapted or that accumulated deleterious mutations under long‐term asexuality. Compared to other attine ants, symbiont choice and local adaptation of ant–fungus combinations may play a more important role than partner‐fidelity feedback in the co‐evolutionary process of M. smithii and its fungal symbionts.
Biotype Change for the Esthetic Rehabilitation of the Smile
Authors: Polack Mariano A. , Mahn Douglas H. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAn esthetic and natural appearing smile is the result of multiple important factors. There must be a harmonious relation between tooth size, shape, proportion, and the periodontium. Successful rehabilitation of a smile often requires an interdisciplinary approach which was applied in the case presented in this article to a patient with multiple esthetic challenges. Treatment included management of canines in the lateral incisor positions, proportionally small teeth, and excessive gingival display. Good communication and coordination of care between the surgical and restorative partners produced a pleasing outcome facilitated by periodontal surgery resulting in a modification of the gingival biotype.Clinical SignificanceSmile design including crown lengthening and biotype modification can be used to create an esthetic and natural appearing restorative result.
Clinical Outcomes of Implant Abutments in the Anterior Region: A Systematic Review
Authors: Bidra Avinash S. , Rungruanganunt Patchanee 
Published: May 2013

AbstractStatement of ProblemThe clinical outcomes of anterior implant abutments are not well reported.Purpose of the StudyTo systematically review the existing literature to identify survival, mechanical, biological, and esthetic outcomes of anterior implant abutments.Material and MethodsAn electronic search was performed using PubMed/MEDLINE with specific search terms and predetermined criteria. After application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, the final list of articles was reviewed in‐depth to meet the objectives of this review.ResultsSystematic application of inclusion and exclusion criteria resulted in identification of 27 studies that described outcomes of anterior implant abutments. Because of substantial heterogeneity of data, true survival, or cumulative survival of abutments could not be calculated. However, the mean failure of abutments was 1.15%, attributable to fractures restricted to ceramic abutments. Mechanical complications included abutment screw loosening, primarily restricted to external hex implants. Biological complications included fistulas and mucosal recession. Esthetic outcomes showed lesser gingival discoloration for zirconia abutments compared with metal abutments.ConclusionsMinimal anterior abutment fractures have been reported and are restricted to ceramic abutments. Studies using spectrophotometry showed lesser gingival discoloration with zirconia abutments, but there is no evidence for difference in patient's esthetic satisfaction between ceramic and metal abutments.Clinical SignificanceFor the anterior region, selection of an implant with internal connection and a customized metal abutment (titanium or cast metal) can have the least mechanical complications. Limited existing clinical data indicate reduced peri‐implant mucosal discoloration from zirconia abutments, which may be preferable over metal abutments, in patients with thinner mucosal tissues or patients with high or gummy smiles.
Optimal  Incentive  Schemes  for  Altruistic Providers
Authors: MAKRIS MILTIADIS , SICILIANI LUIGI 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWe study the optimal design of incentive schemes in the presence of adverse selection and altruistic providers. We assume that providers differ in efficiency, are partially altruistic, and have limited liability. Three types of separating equilibrium emerge. (1) For low levels of altruism the quantity of the efficient and inefficient types is distorted upwards and downwards, respectively; the inefficient type makes zero profits. (2) For moderate levels of altruism the first best is attained: no distortions and profits are zero. (3) For high levels of altruism the quantity of the inefficient type is distorted upwards, and the quantity of the efficient type is distorted either upwards or downwards; the efficient type makes zero profits. Our main result is that the first best can be obtained for some values of altruism, but not necessarily for the highest values. The purchaser is better off with providers with moderate rather than high altruism.
Competitive Permit Markets and Vertical Structures: The Relevance of Imperfectly Competitive Eco‐Industries
Authors: SCHWARTZ SONIA , STAHN HUBERT 
Published: May 2013

AbstractPermit markets lead polluting firms to purchase abatement goods from an eco‐industry which is often concentrated. This paper studies the consequences of this sort of imperfectly competitive eco‐industry on the equilibrium choices of the competitive polluting firms. It then characterizes the second‐best pollution cap. By comparing this situation to one of perfect competition, we show that Cournot competition on the abatement good market contributes not only to a nonoptimal level of emission reduction but also to a higher permit price, which reduces the production level. These distortions increase with market power, measured by the margin taken by the noncompetitive firms, and suggest a second‐best larger pollution cap.
Developing Country Second‐Mover Advantage in Competition Over Environmental Standards and Taxes
Authors: GROENERT VALESKA , ZISSIMOS BEN 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWe show that, in competition between a developed country and a developing country over environmental standards and taxes, the developing country may have a “second‐mover advantage.” In our model, firms do not unanimously prefer lower environmental standard levels. We introduce this feature to an otherwise familiar model of fiscal competition. Four distinct outcomes can be characterized by varying the marginal cost to firms of an environmental externality: (1) the outcome may be efficient; (2) the developing country may be a “pollution haven”—a place to escape excessively high environmental standards in the developed country; (3) the developing country may “undercut” the developed country and attract all firms; (4) the developed country may be a pollution haven.
Upgrade and benchmarking of a 4D treatment planning system for scanned ion beam therapy
Authors: Richter D. , Schwarzkopf A. , Trautmann J. , Krämer M. , Durante M. , Jäkel O. , Bert C. 
Published: May 2013

Purpose:Upgrade and benchmarking of a research 4D treatment planning system (4DTPS) suitable for realistic patient treatment planning and treatment simulations taking into account specific requirements for scanned ion beam therapy, i.e., modeling of dose heterogeneities due to interplay effects and range changes caused by patient motion and dynamic beam delivery.Methods:The 4DTPS integrates data interfaces to 4D computed tomography (4DCT), deformable image registration and clinically used motion monitoring devices. The authors implemented a novel data model for 4D image segmentation using Boolean mask volume datasets and developed an algorithm propagating a manually contoured reference contour dataset to all 4DCT phases. They further included detailed treatment simulation and dose reconstruction functionality, based on the irregular patient motion and the temporal structure of the beam delivery. The treatment simulation functionality was validated against experimental data from irradiation of moving radiographic films in air, 3D moving ionization chambers in a water phantom, and moving cells in a biological phantom with a scanned carbon ion beam. The performance of the program was compared to results obtained with predecessor programs.Results:The measured optical density distributions of the radiographic films were reproduced by the simulations to (−2 ± 12)%. Compared to earlier versions of the 4DTPS, the mean agreement improved by 2%, standard deviations were reduced by 7%. The simulated dose to the moving ionization chambers in water showed an agreement with the measured dose of (−1 ± 4)% for the typical beam configuration. The mean deviation of the simulated from the measured biologically effective dose determined via cell survival was (617 ± 538) mGy relative biological effectiveness corresponding to (10 ± 9)%.Conclusions:The authors developed a research 4DTPS suitable for realistic treatment planning on patient data and capable of simulating dose delivery to a moving patient geometry for scanned ion beams. The accuracy and reliability of treatment simulations improved considerably with respect to earlier versions of the 4DTPS.
Shorter time until return of spontaneous circulation is the only independent factor for a good neurological outcome in patients with postcardiac arrest syndrome
Authors: Komatsu Tomohide , Kinoshita Kosaku , Sakurai Atsushi , Moriya Takashi , Yamaguchi Junko , Sugita Atsunori , Kogawa Rikimaru , Tanjoh Katsuhisa 
Published: May 2013

ObjectiveFew studies have reported factors that result in a better neurological outcome in patients with postcardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS) following return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). We investigated the factors affecting neurological outcome in terms of both prehospital care and treatments after arrival at hospital in patients with PCAS.MethodsThe study enrolled patients with cardiogenic cardiac arrest who were admitted to an intensive care unit after ROSC with PCAS. We investigated the association of the following factors with outcome: age, gender, witness to event present, bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) performed, ECG waveform at the scene, time interval from receipt of call to arrival of emergency personnel, time interval from receipt of call to arrival at hospital, prehospital defibrillation performed, special procedures performed by emergency medical technician, and time interval from receipt of call to ROSC, coronary angiography/percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and therapeutic hypothermia performed.ResultsThe study enrolled 227 patients with PCAS. Compared with the poor neurological outcome group, the good neurological outcome group had a statistically significant higher proportion of the following factors: younger age, male, witness present, bystander CPR performed, first ECG showed ventricular fibrillation/pulseless ventricular tachycardia, defibrillation performed during transportation, short time interval from receipt of call to ROSC, coronary angiography/PCI and therapeutic hypothermia performed. Of these factors, the only independent factor associated with good neurological outcome was the short time interval from receipt of the call to ROSC.ConclusionsIn the present study, shortening time interval from receipt of call to ROSC was the only important independent factor to achieve good neurological outcome in patients with PCAS.
Recovery efficiency from a turbidite sheet system: numerical simulation of waterflooding using outcrop-based geological models
Authors: Amy Lawrence A. , Peachey Simon A. , Gardiner Andy R. , Pickup Gillian E. , Mackay Eric , Stephen Karl D. 
Published: May 2013

A series of waterflood simulations were performed to investigate the effect of basinal position and facies permeability within a turbidite sheet system on oil recovery efficiency. Simulations used three-dimensional outcrop models of the Peïra Cava system, comprising gravel, sandstone, thin-bedded heterolithic and mudstone facies.
Recovery efficiency declines with increasing permeability heterogeneity and is influenced by the interaction of vertical bed-permeability trends and flood-front gravity slumping. The occurrence of gravels with permeabilities lower than overlying sandstones produces optimum recoveries. High permeability gravels act as thief zones, enhanced by downward gravity slumping, reducing normalized recovery by up to 34 %. The effect of thief zones on recovery is related to their permeability contrast, abundance, thickness, lateral continuity, vertical position within permeable units and the permeability of underlying facies.
Proximal to distal stratigraphic variations produce relatively small differences in normalized recovery of up to 13 % in models with the highest permeability heterogeneity. Differences in recovery are interpreted to reflect spatial trends in facies architecture, which determine the effectiveness of high permeability gravel thief zones. The poorest recovery is recorded from the medial model where recovery is lower than distal areas because of higher gravel abundance and thicknesses and lower compared to proximal areas because of the higher lateral continuity of gravels and underlying low-permeability mudstones.
CD34 Hybrid Cells Promote Endothelial Colony-Forming Cell Bioactivity and Therapeutic Potential for Ischemic Diseases
Authors: Lee Jun Hee , Lee Sang Hun , Yoo So Young , Asahara Takayuki , Kwon Sang Mo 
Published: May 2013

Objective—
Although endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have been reported to promote neovessel formation during vascular injury, the function of supporting cells of EPCs and their interaction with EPCs during EPC isolation remain unclear.

Approach and Results—

We investigated the functional properties of 2 types of EPCs, also known as endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs), CD34
−
/CD34
+
cell–derived ECFCs (hybrid-dECFCs) and CD34
+
cell–derived ECFCs (stem-dECFCs), isolated using different methods, to elucidate the role of CD34
−
cell populations as cell-supporting niches. Using EPC colony-forming and insert coculture assays, we found that CD34
−
accessory cells dynamically modulate hematopoietic stem cell–derived endothelial cell progenitor commitment via angiogenic cytokines secreted by CD34
−
/CD11b
+
macrophages. On the basis of these findings, we isolated 2 types of ECFCs and investigated their bioactivities. We found that stem-dECFCs showed remarkably retarded cell growth, enhanced senescence, and decreased characteristics of ECFCs, whereas hybrid-dECFCs showed greater proliferative properties but delayed senescence. In a murine hind-limb ischemia model, hybrid-dECFCs showed significantly enhanced blood perfusion, capillary density, transplanted cell survival and proliferation, and angiogenic cytokine secretion compared with stem-dECFCs. In particular, the migratory capacity of hybrid-dECFCs was significantly enhanced, in part mediated via an augmented phosphorylation cascade of focal adhesion kinase and Src, resulting in a highly increased incorporation capacity of hybrid-dECFCs compared with stem-dECFCs. CD34
−
accessory cells of hybrid-dECFCs might be niche-supporting cells that facilitate cell survival, increase the secretion of angiogenic cytokines, and increase incorporation.

Conclusions—
This study provided important insight into blood vessel formation and repair in ischemic diseases for ECFC-based cell therapy.
High Precision Platelet Releasate Definition by Quantitative Reversed Protein Profiling—Brief Report
Authors: Wijten Patrick , van Holten Thijs , Woo Liy Liy , Bleijerveld Onno B. , Roest Mark , Heck Albert J.R. , Scholten Arjen 
Published: May 2013

Objective—
Platelet activation and subsequent protein release play an important role in healthy hemostasis and inflammatory responses, yet the identity and quantity of proteins in the platelet releasate are still debated. Here, we present a reversed releasate proteomics approach to determine unambiguously and quantitatively proteins released from activated platelets.

Approach and Results—

Isolated platelets were mock and fully stimulated after which the released proteins in the supernatant were removed. Using high-end proteomics technology (2D chromatography, stable isotope labeling, electron transfer dissociation, and high collision dissociation fragmentation) allowed us to quantitatively discriminate the released proteins from uncontrolled lysis products. Monitoring the copy numbers of ≈4500 platelet proteins, we observed that after stimulation via thrombin and collagen, only 124 (<3%) proteins were significantly released (
P
<0.05). The released proteins span a concentration range of ≥5 orders, as confirmed by ELISA. The released proteins were highly enriched in secretion tags and contained all known factors at high concentrations (>100 ng/mL, eg, thrombospondin, von Willebrand factor, and platelet factor 4). Interestingly, in the lower concentration range of the releasate many novel factors were identified.

Conclusions—
Our reversed releasate dataset forms the first unambiguous, in depth repository for molecular factors released by platelets.
Male-Specific Region of the Y Chromosome and Cardiovascular Risk
Authors: Bloomer Lisa D.S. , Nelson Christopher P. , Eales James , Denniff Matthew , Christofidou Paraskevi , Debiec Radoslaw , Moore Jasbir , Consortium Cardiogenics , Zukowska-Szczechowska Ewa , Goodall Alison H. , Thompson John , Samani Nilesh J. , Charchar Fadi J. , Tomaszewski Maciej 
Published: May 2013

Objective—
Haplogroup I of male-specific region of the human Y chromosome is associated with 50% increased risk of coronary artery disease. It is not clear to what extent conventional cardiovascular risk factors and genes of the male-specific region may explain this association.

Approach and Results—

A total of 1988 biologically unrelated men from 4 white European populations were genotyped using 11 Y chromosome single nucleotide polymorphisms and classified into 13 most common European haplogroups. Approximately 75% to 93% of the haplotypic variation of the Y chromosome in all cohorts was attributable to I, R1a, and R1b1b2 lineages. None of traditional cardiovascular risk factors, including body mass index, blood pressures, lipids, glucose, C-reactive protein, creatinine, and insulin resistance, was associated with haplogroup I of the Y chromosome in the joint inverse variance meta-analysis. Fourteen of 15 ubiquitous single-copy genes of the male-specific region were expressed in human macrophages. When compared with men with other haplogroups, carriers of haplogroup I had ≈0.61- and 0.64-fold lower expression of ubiquitously transcribed tetratricopeptide repeat, Y-linked gene (
UTY
) and protein kinase, Y-linked, pseudogene (
PRKY
) in macrophages (
P
=0.0001 and
P
=0.002, respectively).

Conclusions—

Coronary artery disease predisposing haplogroup I of the Y chromosome is associated with downregulation of
UTY
and
PRKY
genes in macrophages but not with conventional cardiovascular risk factors.