bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medical schools producing the most physical medicine and rehabilitation residents: An analysis of matriculating residents from 2017 to 2021
Authors: Shannon Devon T. , Chase Paige M. , Frei Bailey W. , Anesi Trevor , Yang Aaron J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundResidency choice is often influenced by experiences in medical school. It is unclear what potential factors contribute to medical schools producing higher numbers of physical medicine & rehabilitation (PM&R) residents.ObjectiveTo identify the medical schools producing the most PM&R residents from 2017 to 2021 and potential influencing factors toward this production.DesignDescriptive, cross‐sectional study.SettingAccreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education accredited PM&R programs; allopathic/osteopathic/international medical schools.InterventionsREDCap Survey.ParticipantsRepresentatives from medical schools producing the most PM&R residents.MethodsThe medical schools that produced the most PM&R residents from 2017 to 2021 were identified using publicly available information on the internet. A subgroup of the highest producing schools were surveyed to determine potential factors that contributed to production of PM&R residents.Main Outcome MeasureMedical schools with the highest number of matriculated PM&R residents from 2017 to 2021; potential factors influencing matriculating PM&R residents.ResultsThe medical school that produced the most PM&R residents from 2017 to 2021 was New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine. Nine of the 11 medical schools producing the most PM&R residents were osteopathic. Of osteopathic graduates applying to residency, 2.87% matriculated into PM&R residencies compared to 1.21% of allopathic graduates (p < .001), though a greater number of allopathic graduates overall were represented. Among survey respondents 93.3% (14/15) attributed exposure to PM&R faculty/residents and exposure to PM&R through medical school curriculum as perceived factors contributing to production of PM&R residents.ConclusionOsteopathic medical schools accounted for most of the schools producing the highest number of PM&R residents. A statistically significant higher percentage of osteopathic graduates were found to pursue PM&R as a career compared to allopathic counterparts although the total number of students entering PM&R was greater from allopathic schools. Potential factors contributing to medical students pursuing PM&R included faculty/resident involvement with medical students, and PM&R exposure through curriculum or interest groups.
The U1‐70K and SRSF1 interaction is modulated by phosphorylation during the early stages of spliceosome assembly
Authors: Paul Trent , Zhang Pengcheng , Zhang Zihan , Fargason Talia , De Silva Naiduwadura Ivon Upekala , Powell Erin , Ekpenyong Ethan , Jamal Shariq , Yu Yanbao , Prevelige Peter , Lu Rui , Zhang Jun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn eukaryotes, pre‐mRNA splicing is vital for RNA processing and orchestrated by the spliceosome, whose assembly starts with the interaction between U1‐70K and SR proteins. Despite the significance of the U1‐70K/SR interaction, the dynamic nature of the complex and the challenges in obtaining soluble U1‐70K have impeded a comprehensive understanding of the interaction at the structural level for decades. We overcome the U1‐70K solubility issues, enabling us to characterize the interaction between U1‐70K and SRSF1, a representative SR protein. We unveil specific interactions: phosphorylated SRSF1 RS with U1‐70K BAD1, and SRSF1 RRM1 with U1‐70K RRM. The RS/BAD1 interaction plays a dominant role, whereas the interaction between the RRM domains further enhances the stability of the U1‐70K/SRSF1 complex. The RRM interaction involves the C‐terminal extension of U1‐70K RRM and the conserved acid patches on SRSF1 RRM1 that is involved in SRSF1 phase separation. Our circular dichroism spectra reveal that BAD1 adapts an α‐helical conformation and RS is intrinsically disordered. Intriguingly, BAD1 undergoes a conformation switch from α‐helix to β‐strand and random coil upon RS binding. In addition to the regulatory mechanism via SRSF1 phosphorylation, the U1‐70K/SRSF1 interaction is also regulated by U1‐70K BAD1 phosphorylation. We find that U1‐70K phosphorylation inhibits the U1‐70K and SRSF1 interaction. Our structural findings are validated through in vitro splicing assays and in‐cell saturated domain scanning using the CRISPR method, providing new insights into the intricate regulatory mechanisms of pre‐mRNA splicing.
Structural and Biochemical Analysis of Butanol Dehydrogenase From Thermotoga maritima
Authors: Bai Xue , Xu Ke , Zhao Zhidan , Qin Huiwen , Nam Ki Hyun , Quan Chunshan , Ha Nam‐Chul , Xu Yongbin 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTButanol dehydrogenase (BDH) plays a crucial role in butanol biosynthesis by catalyzing the conversion of butanal to butanol using the coenzyme NAD(P)H. In this study, we observed that BDH from Thermotoga maritima (TmBDH) exhibits dual coenzyme specificity and catalytic activity with NADPH as the coenzyme under highly alkaline conditions. Additionally, a thermal stability analysis on TmBDH demonstrated its excellent activity retention even at elevated temperatures of 80°C. These findings demonstrate the superior thermal stability of TmBDH and suggest that it is a promising candidate for large‐scale industrial butanol production. Furthermore, we discovered that TmBDH effectively catalyzes the conversion of aldehydes to alcohols and exhibits a wide range of substrate specificities toward aldehydes, while excluding alcohols. The dimeric state of TmBDH was observed using rapid online buffer exchange native mass spectrometry. Additionally, we analyzed the coenzyme‐binding sites and inferred the possible locations of the substrate‐binding sites. These results provide insights that improve our understanding of BDHs.
Importance of CCN activation for fog forecasting and its representation in the two‐moment microphysical scheme LIMA
Authors: Vié B. , Ducongé L. , Lac C. , Bergot T. , Price J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe work presented in this article studies the impact of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activation for fog forecasting and improves its parameterization in the LIMA (Liquid, Ice, Multiple Aerosols) two‐moment microphysical scheme, building upon the Local And Non‐local Fog EXperiment (LANFEX) field campaign observations, specifically the intensive observation period (IOP) 1 and the DEMISTIFY intercomparison. Large‐eddy simulations were performed with the Meso‐NH model, first using a prognostic supersaturation allowing us to compute the number of activated CCN at each time step, and then with the usual saturation adjustment hypothesis and a diagnostic maximum supersaturation. The prognostic supersaturation method provided very good results, similar to those from earlier simulations of this case using a bin scheme, and was thus used as a reference. In contrast, the diagnostic maximum supersaturation method strongly overestimated droplet numbers and produced a too‐thick fog. Thus, improvements to the maximum supersaturation diagnostic were proposed, by (1) revising the temperature tendency and (2) accounting for pre‐existing cloud droplets in the activation parameterization. These improvements resulted in a simulation in good agreement with observations and the reference simulation, and are promising for use in numerical weather prediction systems with a lower resolution and/or a longer time step.
Indigenous knowledge and sustainable development: Rüza—A traditional water management practice in Phek district, Nagaland
Authors: Das Jyoti 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn a world replete with social inequalities, water is increasingly becoming liquid gold that acts as a socio‐economic divider of the capitalist driven Anthropocene. Both geography and politics combine in diverse ways to form differential lived‐in experiences for communities across the globe in terms of where they stand in the world map of water crises and sustainable development. This study used semiotics and post‐development theory to propose a nonarbitrary symbol of sustainable development and to analyse the relationship between Western science and non‐Western‐indigenous practices. The objective was to broaden our conception of science and development. The researcher adopted mixed methods approach, comprising survey and ethnography, to draw an anthropological account of Rüza, a traditional water management practice in Phek district of Nagaland, India. The study has tried to contribute to policy discourse on inclusive development by suggesting operationalization of sustainable science based on pluriversal knowledge systems.
Is knowledge really the most important strategic resource? A meta‐analytic review
Authors: Bergh Donald D. , D'Oria Laura , Crook T. Russell , Roccapriore Ashley 
Published: July 2024

AbstractResearch SummaryThe knowledge‐based view (KBV) claims that knowledge is the most important strategic resource because it is the strongest determinant of firm competitive advantage and the glue that pulls resources together. We examine this assertion through a meta‐analysis of the accumulated evidence on the relationships among strategic resources and firm performance (stock market, financial performance, and growth). Findings from 348 samples reporting 248,136 firm‐level observations show that knowledge resources have the highest positive association with all three performance dimensions, with the highest positive relationship with growth, followed by market and then financial performance. Further, knowledge may serve as a foundational resource by augmenting other strategic resources and helping make firms different. These findings support the KBV's core prediction that knowledge resources offer superior strategic value.Managerial SummaryManagers need to understand what resources yield the strongest and most consistent returns. We examined the often‐invoked claim that knowledge is the most important resource associated with firm success. Our study combines evidence from over 300 samples and finds that knowledge‐based resources are consistently associated with the strongest profit, stock market, and growth returns relative to other types of resource investments. For managers, the message is clear—acquire, integrate, retain, and motivate knowledge‐related resources because doing so pays off.
Collaborative CRISPR‐Cas System‐Enabled Detection of Circulating Circular RNA for Reliable Monitoring of Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Sha Lingjun , Yao Jianhua , Yang Shuang , Hu Meiyu , Zhou Qiulian , Zhao Jing , Bei Yihua , Cao Ya 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAcute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the major causes of death worldwide, posing significant global health challenges. Circular RNA (circRNA) has recently emerged as a potential diagnostic biomarker for AMI, providing valuable information for timely medical care. In this work, a new electrochemical method for circRNA detection by engineering a collaborative CRISPR‐Cas system is developed. This system integrates the unique circRNA‐targeting ability with cascade trans‐cleavage activities of Cas effectors, using an isothermal primer exchange reaction as the bridge. Using cZNF292, a circulating circRNA biomarker for AMI is identified by this group; as a model, the collaborative CRISPR‐Cas system‐based method exhibits excellent accuracy and sensitivity with a low detection limit of 2.13 × 10−15 m. Moreover, the method demonstrates a good diagnostic performance for AMI when analyzing whole blood samples. Therefore, the method may provide new insight into the detection of circRNA biomarkers and is expected to have great potential in AMI diagnosis in the future.
Unveiling Energy Conversion Mechanisms and Regulation Strategies in Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Ai Zhenhai , Ma Tianshu , Zhang Yuqi , Bao Yining , Shi Luolei , Yang Zhenhai , Zhan Yaohui , Qin Linling , Cao Guoyang , Li Xiaofeng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDespite recent revolutionary advancements in photovoltaic (PV) technology, further improving cell efficiencies toward their Shockley‐Queisser (SQ) limits remains challenging due to inherent optical, electrical, and thermal losses. Currently, most research focuses on improving optical and electrical performance through maximizing spectral utilization and suppressing carrier recombination losses, while there is a serious lack of effective opto‐electro‐thermal coupled management, which, however, is crucial for further improving PV performance and the practical application of PV devices. In this article, the energy conversion and loss processes of a PV device (with a specific focus on perovskite solar cells) are detailed under both steady‐state and transient processes through rigorous opto‐electro‐thermal coupling simulation. By innovatively coupling multi‐physical behaviors of photon management, carrier/ion transport, and thermodynamics, it meticulously quantifies and analyzes energy losses across optical, electrical, and thermal domains, identifies heat components amenable to regulation, and proposes specific regulatory means, evaluates their impact on device efficiency and operating temperature, offering valuable insights to advance PV technology for practical applications.
The mechanical and microstructural performance of waste textile and cardboard materials in concrete
Authors: Haigh Robert , Sandanayake Malindu , Joseph Paul , Yaghoubi Ehsan , Vrcelj Zora 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWaste fiber reinforced concrete is gaining recognition as a high‐performance construction material, offering notable load‐bearing capacity, corrosion resistance, and enhanced durability features. As the building and construction industry focuses on sustainable practices, fibers derived from waste materials create an opportunity to be utilized further in composite designs. This study explores the tensile, compressive, and flexural behaviors of cardboard fibers (kraft fibers) and textile polyester fibers in concrete materials. The composite microstructure is also investigated using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to measure the bonding performance of the fibers within the cementitious matrix. Four mix designs were created using 2.5% textile fibers as a reinforcement agent and 5% silica fume modified kraft fibers (SFKFs) as a partial cement replacement. The combination of fibers achieved 44 MPa compressive strength, equaling the control. Tensile strength was enhanced by 5% when using the combination of the two fibers, achieving 3.58 MPa in comparison to 3.41 MPa. However, flexural strength was reduced among all fibrous concrete materials. SEM images distinguished the natural and synthetic characteristics associated with the two fibers within the cementitious matrix. Namely, demonstrating the chemical bonding of SFKFs in comparison with the physical bonding properties of the textile fibers. This study serves as a valuable resource for future investigations and the broader adoption of binary waste fiber composite designs in cementitious composite applications.
Assessment of computational fluid dynamic as a design tool for estimation of wind loads on unconventional skyscrapers in urban environment
Authors: Lu Bin , Li Qiu‐Sheng , Han Xu‐Liang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractComputational fluid dynamic (CFD) has not been widely accepted as a design tool in current wind‐resistant structural design practices due to its contentious accuracy. To promote the application of CFD in wind‐resistant structural design, the accuracy of CFD should be comprehensively validated. However, most previous validation studies were focused on isolated generic or regular‐shaped buildings. This paper evaluates the accuracy of large eddy simulation (LES) in predicting the wind loads on a 600‐m‐high supertall building with a complex appearance in a realistic urban area against wind tunnel test results. The aerodynamic characteristics obtained from the LES and the wind tunnel test are compared and analyzed in detail, including wind pressure and force coefficients, wind force spectra, base moments, and correlations of the wind loads. This study aims to assess the performance and potential as well as the strengths and weaknesses of CFD in predicting wind loads on high‐rise buildings in an urban environment and promote its application to the wind‐resistant design of skyscrapers.
Analysis of a Novel Consequent‐Pole Dual‐Stator Linear Permanent Magnet Vernier Machine Employing Mover Slot PM
Authors: Wang Mingjie , Li Pengcheng , Li Yanyan , Jia Wanying , Shen Yongpeng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper proposes a novel consequent‐pole dual‐stator linear permanent magnet vernier machine (DS‐LPMVM) with PM in the mover slot opening, which has a bi‐directional flux modulation effect. The novelty of the proposed machine consists of consequent‐pole double‐sided topology with toroidal windings placed in the mover slot, as well as PMs both on the stator and mover slot to improve the air gap magnetic field. The dual‐stator adopts misalignment structure to suppress detent force and produce steady thrust. The electromagnetic parameters of the proposed DS‐LPMVM are evaluated and quantitatively compared with the conventional linear permanent magnet vernier machine (C‐LPMVM) in terms of air‐gap flux density, no‐load back EMF, inductance, and thrust. The geometrical parameters are designed to reduce the detent force. By analyzing the optimized structure parameters of the two machines, the good electromagnetic performances of the proposed machine are verified by the finite element method (FEM) and semi‐analytical method, and both results of the two methods are basically the same. It is found that the amount of PMs for the proposed machine is reduced by 20% compared to the C‐LPMVM, but the average thrust is increased by 20.7% and the thrust ripple is reduced to 4.04%. The results show that the proposed DS‐LPMVM has better flux modulation effect and thrust characteristics than C‐LPMCM. Finally, a 12‐slot, 10‐pole pairs prototype was manufactured and tested. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Association of circulating Z‐polymer with adverse clinical outcomes and liver fibrosis in adults with alpha‐1 antitrypsin deficiency
Authors: Fromme Malin , Rademacher Laura , Amzou Samira , Cook Christi D. , Zacharias Isabel , Zhang Lanju , Ripollone John E. , Strnad Pavel 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundCirculating polymerized mutant Z‐alpha‐1 antitrypsin (Z‐polymer) constitutes a characteristic feature in alpha‐1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD), but there is limited knowledge about its association with adverse clinical outcomes and liver fibrosis. We explored this association using data from a large cohort of adults with AATD.MethodsA total of 836 (431 PiZZ, 405 PiMZ) adults with AATD and 312 controls (PiMM) from the European Alpha‐1 Liver Cohort (2015–2020) were included. Time‐to‐event analyses were conducted for adults with the PiZZ genotype followed for adverse clinical outcomes (earliest occurrence of liver‐related hospitalization, liver transplant or all‐cause mortality). Cox proportional hazard models were used to describe the association between binary circulating Z‐polymer levels and adverse clinical outcomes. Correlations between baseline circulating Z‐polymer levels and baseline liver fibrosis (liver stiffness measurement [LSM] determined by transient elastography [FibroScan®]) were evaluated. The analyses were stratified by augmentation therapy status.ResultsOf 324 adults with the PiZZ genotype and longitudinal follow‐up data, 28 reported adverse clinical outcomes. Higher baseline circulating Z‐polymer levels were associated with an increased risk of adverse clinical outcomes in both crude (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval, CI], 2.88 [1.21, 6.87]) and age‐adjusted (1.96 [0.78, 4.94]) analyses. In adults with the PiZZ genotype, circulating Z‐polymer levels were weakly positively correlated with baseline LSM (Spearman's rho [95% CI]: 0.21 [0.11, 0.31]). Similar results were observed after stratification by augmentation therapy status.ConclusionsIn adults with the PiZZ genotype, higher circulating Z‐polymer levels were associated with a shorter time to adverse clinical outcome, and positively correlated with baseline LSM. Circulating Z‐polymer levels may be a prognostic biomarker of clinically relevant disease in AATD.
Significant role of novel additives in improving the antibacterial properties of rubber composite: A comprehensive review
Authors: Kandil Heba 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAntibacterial products have gained considerable attention from both the academic and industrial communities due to the transmission of several infectious diseases which has raised public awareness of the disinfection pathways of such highly infectious bacteria. Among the materials that have raised public awareness are rubber composite materials as they are present in many different applications, such as medical apparatus, health care products, food packaging, and house furnishings Therefore, the development of rubber‐composite‐based materials with antibacterial activity is crucial to avoid the propagation of pathogens. In this regard, researchers have directed their focus toward the development of innovative additives with antibacterial properties to enhance the antibacterial activities of rubber composites. Several promising additives have emerged, most notably metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, biopolymers, plant‐derived materials, and synthetic organic compounds. The studies have shown that the incorporation of these additives endows the rubber composites with antibacterial properties, making them applicable in a range of biomedical uses. In light of these findings, the present review aims to cover recent works to improve the antibacterial properties of rubber composites using different additives.Highlights
Rubber composite materials, found in various applications like medical apparatus and food packaging, have raised public awareness of infection prevention.
Development of rubber‐composite‐based materials with antibacterial activity is crucial for preventing pathogen propagation.
Researchers focus on innovative additives, including metal nanoparticles, biopolymers, plant‐derived materials, and synthetic organic compounds, to enhance antibacterial properties.
Incorporating these additives into rubber composites endows them with antibacterial properties, suitable for biomedical applications.
Servers Before Tanks? Defence AI in Denmark
Authors: Graae Andreas Immanuel 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAs one of the most digitized societies in the world, Denmark has a unique opportunity as a small nation to contribute to and benefit from the evolving landscape and global technology competition on defence AI. However, due to persisting strategic cultures and procurement practices the Danish defence is characterized by a platform-centric approach to force development and investments in hardware rather than software. Consequently, Denmark is still at an early stage on the path to adopting defence AI. Recognizing the increasingly central role AI plays in the global technology competition and on current battlefields, it has thus become clear that Danish Defence needs a major technological boost to remain relevant for its allies. However, the question of how exactly the technological boost should be accomplished and implemented into the organization remains uncertain and uncoordinated. The purpose of this chapter is to look beyond the technicalities and provide an overview of the current development and use of military AI in Denmark from a broader sociotechnical point of view that questions the double ambition of the Danish Government to be an AI frontrunner while at the same time restricting these ambitions to matters relating to security politics and ethics of defence AI.