bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of wax content on the electrical, thermal and tribological behaviour of a polyamide 6/graphite composite
Authors: Unal Huseyin , Kaya Ugur A. , Esmer Kadir , Mimaroglu A. , Poyraz Bayram 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
In this study, the influence of wax content on the electrical, thermal and tribological properties of a polyamide 6 composite filled with 15% wt. graphite was investigated. The wax filler contents of the composite were by 2, 4 and 6 wt.%. Characterisation of the composites was obtained using a Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy test. Electrical performance tests were carried out, and the dielectric real values (ε′) and imaginary values (ε″) were recorded. Thermal differential scanning calorimetry tests were carried out, and the glassy and melting temperatures of the composite materials were recorded. Furthermore, tribological tests were carried out and the friction coefficient and wear rate of the composites were recorded. The results show that the increase in wax content led to the increase in the permittivity values (ε′ and ε″) of the composites. The increase in wax content also led to the decrease in the friction coefficient and wear rates of the composite materials. Furthermore, the glassy and melting temperatures of the composite materials showed a sensitivity to the wax content. Finally, it is concluded that optimum properties, in total, were obtained in the composite filled with 6 wt.% wax.
Careful treatment planning enables safe ablation of liver tumors adjacent to major blood vessels by percutaneous irreversible electroporation (IRE)
Authors: Kos Bor , Voigt Peter , Miklavcic Damijan , Moche Michael 
Published: August 2015

Abstract

Background. Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a tissue ablation method, which relies on the phenomenon of electroporation. When cells are exposed to a sufficiently electric field, the plasma membrane is disrupted and cells undergo an apoptotic or necrotic cell death. Although heating effects are known IRE is considered as non-thermal ablation technique and is currently applied to treat tumors in locations where thermal ablation techniques are contraindicated.

Materials and methods. The manufacturer of the only commercially available pulse generator for IRE recommends a voltage-to-distance ratio of 1500 to 1700 V/cm for treating tumors in the liver. However, major blood vessels can influence the electric field distribution. We present a method for treatment planning of IRE which takes the influence of blood vessels on the electric field into account; this is illustrated on a treatment of 48-year-old patient with a metastasis near the remaining hepatic vein after a right side hemi-hepatectomy.

Results. Output of the numerical treatment planning method shows that a 19.9 cm3 irreversible electroporation lesion was generated and the whole tumor was covered with at least 900 V/cm. This compares well with the volume of the hypodense lesion seen in contrast enhanced CT images taken after the IRE treatment. A significant temperature raise occurs near the electrodes. However, the hepatic vein remains open after the treatment without evidence of tumor recurrence after 6 months.

Conclusions. Treatment planning using accurate computer models was recognized as important for electrochemotherapy and irreversible electroporation. An important finding of this study was, that the surface of the electrodes heat up significantly. Therefore the clinical user should generally avoid placing the electrodes less than 4 mm away from risk structures when following recommendations of the manufacturer.
Traumatic brain injury: a risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Gupta Rajaneesh , Sen Nilkantha 
Published: August 2015

AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI), a major global health and socioeconomic problem, is now established as a chronic disease process with a broad spectrum of pathophysiological symptoms followed by long-term disabilities. It triggers multiple and multidirectional biochemical events that lead to neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment. Recent studies have presented strong evidence that patients with TBI history have a tendency to develop proteinopathy, which is the pathophysiological feature of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer disease (AD), chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). This review mainly focuses on mechanisms related to AD, CTE, and ALS that are induced after TBI and their relevance to the advancement of these neurodegenerative diseases. This review encompasses acute effects and chronic neurodegenerative consequences after TBI for a better understanding of TBI-induced neuronal death and to design therapies that will effectively treat patients in the primary or secondary progressive stages.
Optoelectronic and Magnetic Properties of Eu2Si5N8: An Ab-initio Study
Authors: Azam Sikander , Khan Saleem Ayaz , Khenata R. , Murtaza G. , Omran S. Bin , Muhammad Saleh 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Eu2Si5N8 is considered the most important compound in the development of inorganic materials with high potential and performance. Therefore, the electronic, magnetic and optical properties of Eu2Si5N8 are investigated here using density functional theory. The electronic interactions are described within the generalised gradient approximation, GGA+U (where U is the Hubbard Coulomb energy term). The calculated energy gap was 3.5 eV for the investigated compound, resulting in a direct band gap semiconductor. The optical constants, including the dielectric function, refractive index, absorption coefficient, reflectivity, and energy loss function were calculated for radiation up to 14 eV. The optical properties demonstrate that the main differences in absorption, reflectivity, energy-loss function and refractive index occur in the infrared and visible regions for the spin-up and spin-down states, which makes this material an excellent candidate for optical memory devices.
Riesgo suicida y factores asociados en adolescentes de tres colegios de la ciudad de Manizales (Colombia), 2013
Authors: Castaño Castrillón José Jaime , Aguirre-Flórez Diana Carolina , Cañón Sandra Constanza , Marín-Sánchez Daniel Felipe , Rodríguez-Pabón Julieth Tatiana , Rosero-Pantoja Luz Ángela , Valenzuela-Díaz Laura Patricia , Vélez-Restrepo Jennifer 
Published: August 2015

<p><strong>Objetivo: </strong>Ésta investigación pretende determinar el factor de riesgo suicida según la escala de Plutchik y factores asociados en estudiantes de octavo a once grado de bachillerato de tres colegios de Manizales (Colombia). <strong> Materiales y métodos:</strong> Estudio de corte transversal con una población de 322 estudiantes de tres colegios de estrato social II y III de la ciudad de Manizales, que cursaban los grados octavo a once de bachillerato. Se aplicó el cuestionario de Plutchik para riesgo suicida, se aplicaron otros cuestionarios para factores asociados. <strong>Resultados: </strong>El 16,5% presentaron factor de riesgo suicida según la escala de Plutchik, el acoso entre partes presentó un índice de intensidad entre alta y muy alta de 58,1%, el 38,5% tuvo buena funcionalidad familiar, el 18% presentó depresión, la baja autoestima fue de 19,6%, el 11,8% presentaron dependencia alcohólica, el 23,3% mostraron trastorno de conducta alimentaria, el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas y cigarrillo fue de 31,4% y 13,4% respectivamente. Los siguientes factores asociados presentaron relación significativa: funcionalidad familiar (p=0,000), depresión (p=0,000), dependencia alcohólica (p=0,001), autoestima (p=0,000), trastornos de conducta alimentaria (p=0,000), acoso escolar (p=0,000), consumo de cigarrillo (p=0,000) y consumo de sustancias psicoactivas (p=0,001). <strong>Conclusiones:</strong> El estudio muestra FR suicida según Plutchik superior al de otras poblaciones similares, además se encontraron factores asociados entre los cuáles sobresalen, la depresión y la disfuncionalidad familiar. Un hallazgo muy importante fue el acoso entre pares, el cual aumenta en gran proporción el riesgo suicida. No se encontró relación significativa entre FR suicida y estrato social.</p>
CONFLICTO ARMADO EN COLOMBIA Y MISIÓN MÉDICA: NARRATIVAS DE MÉDICOS COMO MEMORIAS DE SUPERVIVENCIA
Authors: Urrego Mendoza Diana Zulima 
Published: August 2015

<p><strong>Antecedentes. </strong>Escuchar las voces de los médicos colombianos en el contexto del conflicto armado con el fin de elaborar unas memorias que permitan afrontar la realidad que ha vivido nuestro país en cuanto a la violencia hacia la Misión Médica y así reivindicar a las víctimas, facilita el acceso a estrategias de dialogo en busca de la reparación y el perdón en el marco del proceso de paz que se realiza en la actualidad.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Objetivo. </strong>Identificar a través de las narrativas de los médicos colombianos entrevistados que han realizado su práctica médica en contexto del conflicto, los casos que tipificaban una violación a los protocolos, tratados y normas del Derecho Internacional Humanitario en relación con la Misión Médica.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Materiales y métodos. </strong>Se realizó una investigación con enfoque cualitativo hermenéutico interpretativo desde las narrativas médicas, adoptando los presupuestos teóricos de la función narrativa ricoeuriana que permiten analizar el relato de la experiencia desde la articulación del lenguaje con la trama, las circunstancias, el tiempo y el sentido de la narración.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Resultados.</strong> En relación con la circunstancia se identificaron las siguientes tipologías de infracciones a la misión médica: Las normas en el papel, ¿Hacia qué lado?, Actividades sanitarias o territorio de guerra, La soledad del médico, Victimas en busca de un refugio: la población civil y el médico, y la crudeza de la guerra. Entre las infracciones que se evidenciaron se encuentran la violencia hacia las instalaciones de salud, contra los heridos y enfermos, el personal de salud y los medios de transporte sanitarios.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Conclusiones.</strong> En el marco del conflicto armado colombiano, se han presentado cotidianamente violaciones a la misión médica por parte de actores estatales y no estatales. En este contexto prevalece una falta de información y conocimiento básico en Derecho Internacional Humanitario y misión médica, a pesar de esta circunstancia los médicos que compartieron sus narrativas logran solventar en la mayoría de los casos situaciones relacionadas con crímenes de guerra.</p><p><strong> </strong></p>
Magnetic Field-assisted Preparations for 1-D Carbon Nanomaterials: A Review
Authors: Luo Chengzhi , Pan Chunxu 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTOne-dimensional carbon nanomaterials (1-DCNMs), as one of the most promising one-dimension nanomaterials due to its unique microstructure, peculiar chemical, mechanical, thermal, and electronic properties, have long been considered as an important building block to construct micro-nano-electrics and devices. The growth controllability in direction, morphology and microstructure may provide a straightforward platform for fabricating high performance 1-DCNMs-based devices. Recently, electric and magnetic fields have emerged as key techniques to control the 1-DCNMs' growth direction, morphology and microstructure. In this paper, we focus explicitly on the 1-DCNMs preparations with assistance of a magnetic field, and the main problems that should be solved in the future are also discussed.
Game – Philosophy of Child’s Creation and Life
Authors: Juodaitytė Audronė , Malinauskienė Daiva , Šiaučiulienė Rūta 
Published: August 2015

The article revealed the game as a social and cultural child’s life and creative philosophical meaningfulness.
Scientific discussion and debate problem directions are demonstrated, described their content. Disclosed: what game questions are highlighted in Lithuanian and foreign scientists’ research works in search of his creative, existential, cognitive meanings; why scientists describe the game as a child’s living world project, say that in the scientific meanings, this question is very paradoxical? The paradox interpreted as follows: the more delves into the meanings, the more questions remain unanswered. Issue of the scientific debate and discussion convergent: social, cultural, cognitive, creative meaningfulness of the game to a child’s life. The game features a variety of concepts and the child’s motivation for resolution in the game, the pedagogical conditions of the game, social – philosophical meaningfulness, and effective process of the game, adult’s role in it, the child’s sociocultural competence and expression in adult and children’s cultural possibilities /impossibilities.
Targeting the WNT Signaling Pathway in Cancer Therapeutics
Authors: Tai David , Wells Keith , Arcaroli John , Vanderbilt Chad , Aisner Dara L. , Messersmith Wells A. , Lieu Christopher H. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract

The WNT signaling cascade is integral in numerous biological processes including embryonic development, cell cycle regulation, inflammation, and cancer. Hyperactivation of WNT signaling secondary to alterations to varying nodes of the pathway have been identified in multiple tumor types. These alterations converge into increased tumorigenicity, sustained proliferation, and enhanced metastatic potential. This review seeks to evaluate the evidence supporting the WNT pathway in cancer, the therapeutic strategies in modulating this pathway, and potential challenges in drug development.

Implications for Practice:
The WNT signaling cascade is integral in numerous biological processes, including cell cycle regulation and cancer. Alterations in WNT signaling have been identified in numerous tumor types, and in recent years, numerous WNT pathway modulators have been tested in preclinical studies. These agents are now being investigated in the clinical arena, and this review describes the WNT pathway and therapeutics currently in development.
Hypertension and Circulating Cytokines and Angiogenic Factors in Patients With Advanced Non-Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Treated With Sunitinib: Results From a Phase II Trial
Authors: Bilen Mehmet Asim , Zurita Amado J. , Ilias-Khan Nasreen A. , Chen Hsiang-Chun , Wang Xuemei , Kearney Alper Y. , Hodges Sherie , Jonasch Eric , Huang Shixia , Khakoo Aarif Yusuf , Tannir Nizar M. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract

Background.
We evaluated the significance of hypertension developing during vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (VEGFR-TKI) treatment and a group of cytokines and angiogenic factors (CAFs) in advanced non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma (nccRCC) patients treated with sunitinib in a phase II study.

Materials and Methods.
Using multiplex assays, we analyzed the levels of 38 CAFs in plasma at baseline and after 4 weeks of sunitinib therapy. Sunitinib benefit was defined as a partial response or stable disease using the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors lasting ≥4 months. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to assess the associations among hypertension, CAFs, and progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS).

Results.
Fifty-seven patients were evaluable; 53 had baseline CAF levels available. The median PFS and OS were 2.9 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4–5.5) and 16.8 months (95% CI, 10.7–27.4), respectively. Sunitinib benefit was observed in 21 patients (37%). However, 33 patients (60%) developed hypertension during treatment, although no association was found with survival or response. Elevated baseline soluble tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor I, interleukin-8, growth-regulated oncogene, transforming growth factor-α, and VEGFR-2 levels were associated with an increased risk of death on multivariate analysis.

Conclusion.
We found no association between the development of hypertension and survival or sunitinib benefit in advanced nccRCC. TNF and angiogenic/immunomodulatory mediators were identified for evaluation as markers of prognosis and VEGFR-TKI benefit in future studies.

Implications for Practice:
The present study describes the first analysis of hypertension and a relatively large set of circulating cytokines and angiogenic factors in patients with advanced non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma (nccRCC) treated with sunitinib. No association was found between hypertension and patient outcomes. However, a group of candidate circulating biomarkers was identified, in particular, those associated with tumor necrosis factor and CXCR1/2 signaling, with probable biological and clinical significance in nccRCC, warranting confirmation in future studies.
Did Oncotype DX® Recurrence Score Accurately Predict the Risk of Recurrence in Breast Cancer? A 10 Year Period Study in a Single Institution
Authors: Torous Vanda Farahmand , Apple Sophia K 
Published: August 2015

The 21-gene Recurrence Score (RS) assay (Oncotype DX®) predicts the risk of recurrence and benefit from chemotherapy in estrogen receptor (ER) positive, Her-2/neunegative, node negative and, more recently, limited node-positive (≤3) breast cancer. The 21-gene RS is divided into low, intermediate and high risk groups corresponding to a likelihood of recurrence within 10 years of initial diagnosis. Clinicians utilize 21-gene RS to guide treatment, particularly whether to add adjuvant chemotherapy to endocrine therapy. This study aimed to determine if 21-gene RS accurately predicts the rate of recurrence with respect to each category. A cohort of 236 patients was studied retrospectively and analyzed, based on correlation between histologic and immunohistochemical (IHC) findingsversus21-gene RS stratification in relation to clinical outcomes.In the cohort examined, no deaths occurred in all the patients studied. Six patients had recurrence or metastatic disease. Of these six patients, only one had been stratified to the high risk group by 21-gene RS analysis, while four were stratified to the low risk group, and one to the intermediate risk group. 21-gene RS accurately predicted 97% of the low RS stratified patients to avoid receiving chemotherapy. However, addition of chemotherapy in the treatment regimen for node positive, Her-2/neupositive, high Ki-67, and PR negative tumors may be beneficial regardless of 21-gene RS. Our investigation found that there is a high concordance rate between 21-gene RS and IHC of ER, progesterone receptor (PR), and Her-2/neu.
Clinical efficacy of hydrocodone-acetaminophen and tramadol for control of postoperative pain in dogs following tibial plateau leveling osteotomy
Authors: Benitez Marian E. , Roush James K. , McMurphy Rose , KuKanich Butch , Legallet Claire 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate clinical efficacy of hydrocodone-acetaminophen and tramadol for treatment of postoperative pain in dogs undergoing tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO).
ANIMALS 50 client-owned dogs.
PROCEDURES Standardized anesthetic and surgical protocols were followed. Each patient was randomly assigned to receive either tramadol hydrochloride (5 to 7 mg/kg, PO, q 8 h; tramadol group) or hydrocodone bitartrate–acetaminophen (0.5 to 0.6 mg of hydrocodone/kg, PO, q 8 h; hydrocodone group) for analgesia after surgery. The modified Glasgow composite measure pain scale was used to assess signs of postoperative pain at predetermined intervals by an investigator who was blinded to treatment group. Scoring commenced with the second dose of the assigned study analgesic. Pain scores and rates of treatment failure (ie, dogs requiring rescue analgesia according to a predetermined protocol) were compared statistically between groups.
RESULTS 12 of 42 (29%; 5/19 in the hydrocodone-acetaminophen group and 7/23 in the tramadol group) dogs required rescue analgesic treatment on the basis of pain scores. Median pain score for the hydrocodone group was significantly lower than that of the tramadol group 2 hours after the second dose of study analgesic. The 2 groups had similar pain scores at all other time points.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Overall, differences in pain scores between dogs that received hydrocodone-acetaminophen or tramadol were minor. The percentage of dogs with treatment failure in both groups was considered unacceptable.
Effect of feeding a direct-fed microbial on total and antimicrobial-resistant fecal coliform counts in preweaned dairy calves
Authors: Corbett Erik M. , Norby Bo , Halbert Lisa W. , Henderson Scott T. , Grooms Daniel L. , Manning Shannon D. , Kaneene John B. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether feeding a direct-fed microbial (DFM) to dairy calves would reduce total and antimicrobial-resistant coliform counts in feces and affect average daily gain (ADG).
ANIMALS 21 preweaned Holstein heifer calves.
PROCEDURES The study had a randomized complete block design. Within each block, 3 consecutively born calves were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatment groups within 24 hours after birth (day 0). Calves were fed the DFM at 1.0 g (DFM1; n = 7) or 0.5 g (DFM2; 7) twice daily or no DFM (control; 7) from days 0 through 29. A fecal sample was collected from each calf daily on days 0 through 3 and then every other day through day 29. Fecal samples were cultured, and mean numbers of total coliforms and coliforms resistant to ampicillin, ceftiofur, and tetracycline were compared among the 3 treatment groups. Calves were weighed on days 0 and 29 to calculate ADG.
RESULTS Mean total fecal coliform counts did not differ significantly among the 3 treatment groups. Mean ceftiofur-resistant and tetracycline-resistant coliform counts for the control group were significantly lower, compared with those for the DFM1 and DFM2 groups. Mean ADG did not differ significantly between the DFM1 and DFM2 groups; however, the mean ADG for all calves fed the DFM was 0.15 kg less than that for control calves.
CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested that the DFM fed to the preweaned calves of this study did not reduce total or antimicrobial-resistant coliform counts in feces.
Characteristics of canine platelet-rich plasma prepared with five commercially available systems
Authors: Franklin Samuel P. , Garner Bridget C. , Cook James L. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize platelet-rich plasma (PRP) products obtained from canine blood by use of a variety of commercially available devices.
SAMPLE Blood samples from 15 dogs between 18 months and 9 years of age with no concurrent disease, except for osteoarthritis in some dogs.
PROCEDURES PRP products were produced from blood obtained from each of the 15 dogs by use of each of 5 commercially available PRP-concentrating systems. Complete blood counts were performed on each whole blood sample and PRP product. The degree of platelet, leukocyte, and erythrocyte concentration or reduction for PRP, compared with results for the whole blood sample, was quantified for each dog and summarized for each concentrating system.
RESULTS The various PRP-concentrating systems differed substantially in the amount of blood processed, method of PRP preparation, amount of PRP produced, and platelet, leukocyte, and erythrocyte concentrations or reductions for PRP relative to results for whole blood.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The characteristics of PRP products differed considerably. Investigators evaluating the efficacy of PRPs need to specify the characteristics of the product they are assessing. Clinicians should be aware of the data (or lack of data) supporting use of a particular PRP for a specific medical condition.