bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurolipid systems: A new target for the treatment of dementia
Authors: Pereira‐Castelo Gorka , Bengoetxea de Tena Iker , Martínez‐Gardeazabal Jonatan , Moreno‐Rodríguez Marta , de San Román Estibaliz González , Manuel Iván , Rodríguez‐Puertas Rafael 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNeurolipids comprise a diverse class of bioactive lipids that include molecules capable of activating G protein‐coupled receptors, thereby inducing systemic effects that contribute to the maintenance of homeostasis. Dementia, a non‐specific brain disorder characterized by a common set of signs and symptoms, usually arises subsequent to brain injuries or diseases and is often associated with the aging process. Individuals affected by dementia suffer from the disruption of several neurotransmitter and neuromodulatory systems, among which neurolipids play an important role, including the endocannabinoid, lysophosphatidic acid and sphingosine 1‐phosphate systems. In this review, we present an overview of the most recent and pertinent findings regarding the involvement of these neurolipidic systems in dementia, including data from a wide range of both in vitro and in vivo experiments as well as clinical trials.
Improving disease‐specific survival for patients with Sezary syndrome in the modern era of systemic therapies
Authors: Campbell Belinda A. , Dobos Gabor , Haider Zahra , Bagot Martine , Evison Felicity , van der Weyden Carrie , McCormack Chris , Ram‐Wolff Caroline , Miladi Maryam , Prince H. Miles , Scarisbrick Julia J. 
Published: July 2024

SummaryTraditionally, Sezary syndrome (SS) has been associated with few therapeutic options and poor prognosis, with 5‐year disease‐specific survival (DSS) less than one‐third in historical cohorts. However, newer therapies and combinations are associated with impressive time‐to‐next‐treatment (TTNT), particularly allogeneic stem‐cell transplantation (AlloSCT) and combination therapies notably those including extracorporeal photopheresis. In this multicentre, international study, we explored the prognostic outcomes of 178 patients exclusively managed for SS, diagnosed between 2012 and 2020, and treated in the modern therapeutic era. In this cohort, 58 different therapies were delivered, with 13.5% of patients receiving AlloSCT. Long‐term survival exceeded historical reports with 5‐year DSS and OS of 56.4% and 53.4% respectively. In those receiving AlloSCT, prognosis was excellent: 5‐year DSS and OS were 90.5% and 78.0% respectively. Confirming the results from the Cutaneous Lymphoma International Consortium (CLIC), LDH and LCT had significant prognostic impact. Unlike earlier studies, stage did not have prognostic impact; we speculate that greater relative benefit favours patients with extensive lymphomatous nodal disease (Stage IVA2) compared to historical reports. For patients ineligible for AlloSCT, the prognosis remains relatively poor (5‐year DSS 51.4% and OS 49.6%), representing ongoing unmet needs for more effective novel agents and investigation of improved therapeutic combinations.
MW‐19, a dihydropyrazole derivative, induces human triple‐negative breast cancer cell apoptosis by targeting apoptosis‐related pathways
Authors: Zou Nanting , Wu Runfang , Wu Zhao , Zhang Chunfei , Zhang Haohong , Mo Qingyan , Ju Mingqian , Shi Xinan , Mao Zewei , Wan Chunping 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPrevious studies have indicated that heterocyclic substituted dihydropyrazole derivatives, particularly MW‐19, potentially exert anticancer activity in vitro; however, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. The present study was designed to investigate the mechanisms underlying MW‐19 activity in triple‐negative breast cancer cells. A sulforhodamine B assay was performed to evaluate cell proliferation inhibition rates, and the antitumor effect of MW‐19 was evaluated in mice with HCC‐1806 xenografts. Apoptosis was analyzed by Hoechst 33342 and annexin V/propidium iodide staining. Expression of pro‐ and antiapoptotic proteins and mRNA were analyzed by western blotting and reverse transcription‐quantitative (RT‐q) PCR, respectively. We found that MW‐19 significantly inhibited HCC‐1806 cell proliferation in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner, and significantly inhibited MDA‐MB‐231 cell migration. Importantly, oral administration of MW‐19 significantly inhibited HCC‐1806 tumor growth in BALB/c‐nu/nu mice. Moreover, MW‐19 treatment induced marked apoptosis and G2/M arrest in the sensitive cell line, HCC‐1806. RT‐qPCR analysis showed that levels of proapoptotic genes (Bax, caspase‐3, caspase‐7, and Fas) were considerably increased in the MW‐19 group relative to the control group, while those of antiapoptotic factors (Bcl‐2, C‐MYC) were dramatically decreased. Consistently, Bax, caspase‐3, and caspase‐7 were significantly induced after MW‐19 treatment, while levels of phosphorylated (p‐)AKT, p‐PI3K, p‐ERK, and the antiapoptotic protein, Bcl‐2, were clearly diminished, and the P38 MAPK signaling pathway was activated. Furthermore, P38 pharmacological inhibitors abrogated MW‐19‐induced apoptosis. Together, our findings indicate that MW‐19 exerts antitumor effects by targeting PI3K/AKT and ERK/P38 signaling pathways.
Effects of depression and stress on oral self‐care among perinatal women in Appalachia: A longitudinal study
Authors: An Jeongwi , Lilly Christa , Shaffer John R. , Foxman Betsy , Marazita Mary L. , McNeil Daniel W. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectivesOral health during the perinatal period and beyond affects the health and well‐being of women and their offspring. Oral self‐care behaviours can maintain or improve oral health; depression or stress during the perinatal period may compromise these behaviours. The aim of the study was to investigate the independent and combined effects of depression and stress on oral self‐care behaviours of perinatal women in Appalachia, given the high burden of oral disease in this region.MethodsA total of 1172 women in the first or second trimester of pregnancy were enrolled in the Center for Oral Health Research in Appalachia, cohort 2 (COHRA2) in West Virginia or Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Participants completed the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, Perceived Stress Scale‐10, and self‐report items about oral self‐care behaviours (i.e. toothbrushing and flossing) during pregnancy and five times in the 2+ years following birth. A Generalized Estimating Equation approach was used to analyse the longitudinal data.ResultsMaternal depression and stress were independently negatively related to toothbrushing and flossing frequency. These findings for toothbrushing were more pronounced in those with high levels of depression and high levels of stress, so there were both independent and combined effects. Frequency of toothbrushing and flossing stayed constant over time, so time was not associated with outcomes. About three‐fourths of the sample reported toothbrushing levels that are consistent with established guidelines (i.e. two times daily), but almost half of the participants had very low levels of flossing (i.e. once or less a week).ConclusionInterventions targeting stress and depression throughout the perinatal period might be helpful in improving oral self‐care behaviours and oral health among women in Appalachia, in addition to the benefit of decreasing emotional distress.
Census tract geospatial analysis comparing social determinants of health with tooth loss in California seniors: An ecologic study
Authors: Chong Gabriel Tse Feng , Gansky Stuart A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectivesIndividual‐level social determinant of health (SDOH) measures alone may insufficiently explain disparities in edentulism among seniors. Therefore, the authors examined the correlation of census tract‐level SDOH and residential racial segregation measures with edentulism in Californian adults aged ≥65 years old.MethodsExplanatory variables were obtained from Healthy Places Index (HPI), the National Cancer Institute and diversitydatakids.org. The edentulism outcome variable was obtained from CDC's PLACES small area estimates from the 2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data. Pearson and Spearman rank correlations were estimated. Multiple linear regression and multi‐collinearity evaluations were performed. The Global Moran's I statistic assessed partial autocorrelation within census tracts.ResultsPearson and Spearman correlations were similar, supporting robustness. HPI, an area measure of advantage, strongly negatively correlated with edentulism prevalence [correlation coefficient: −0.87; 95% confidence interval (CI): −0.87, −0.86]. A change of 1.0 in HPI corresponded to an estimated decrease in edentulism prevalence of 5.9% (linear model adjusted R2 = 0.78). Racially segregated census tracts with Hispanics or Blacks alone were positively correlated with edentulism prevalence [0.60, 95% CI: 0.58, 0.62; and 0.33, 95% CI: 0.31, 0.35, respectively]. The converse was seen in census tracts with non‐Hispanic Whites alone [−0.57, 95% CI: −0.58, −0.55]. Global Moran's I statistic for edentulism (0.13) and HPI scores (0.19) were significant (both p < .001) indicating geospatial autocorrelation.ConclusionsHigher disadvantage and minority racial segregation within census tracts were positively correlated with edentulism prevalence. Future research and policy should consider possible interventions improving SDOH to reduce oral health inequities.
Gray matter volume alterations in de novo Parkinson's disease: A mediational role in the interplay between sleep quality and anxiety
Authors: He Guixiang , Huang Xiaofang , Sun Haihua , Xing Yi , Gu Siyu , Ren Jingru , Liu Weiguo , Lu Ming 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveParkinson's disease (PD) is increasingly recognized for its non‐motor symptoms, among which emotional disturbances and sleep disorders frequently co‐occur. The commonality of neuroanatomical underpinnings for these symptoms is not fully understood. This study is intended to investigate the differences in gray matter volume (GMV) between PD patients with anxiety (A‐PD) and those without anxiety (NA‐PD). Additionally, it seeks to uncover the interplay between GMV variations and the manifestations of anxiety and sleep quality.MethodsA total of 37 A‐PD patients, 43 NA‐PD patients, and 36 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited, all of whom underwent voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) analysis. Group differences in GMV were assessed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Partial correlation between GMV, anxiety symptom, and sleep quality were analyzed. Mediation analysis explored the mediating role of the volume of GMV‐distinct brain regions on the relationship between sleep quality and anxiety within the PD patient cohort.ResultsA‐PD patients showed significantly lower GMV in the fusiform gyrus (FG) and right inferior temporal gyrus (ITG) compared to HCs and NA‐PD patients. GMV in these regions correlated negatively with Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA) scores (right ITG: r = −0.690, p < 0.001; left FG: r = −0.509, p < 0.001; right FG: r = −0.576, p < 0.001) and positively with sleep quality in PD patients (right ITG: r = 0.592, p < 0.001; left FG: r = 0.356, p = 0.001; right FG: r = 0.470, p < 0.001). Mediation analysis revealed that GMV in the FG and right ITG mediated the relationship between sleep quality and anxiety symptoms, with substantial effect sizes accounted for by the right ITG (25.74%) and FG (left: 11.90%, right: 15.59%).ConclusionThis study has shed further light on the relationship between sleep disturbances and anxiety symptoms in PD patients. Given the pivotal roles of the FG and the ITG in facial recognition and the recognition of emotion‐related facial expressions, our findings indicate that compromised sleep quality, under the pathological conditions of PD, may exacerbate the reduction in GMV within these regions, impairing the recognition of emotional facial expressions and thereby intensifying anxiety symptoms.
Shaping our bodies to our shape our selves: A theological remedy to the discontented pursuit of the body I want to be
Authors: Whitaker Maja I. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe late modern person has a complicated relationship with the body: despite a contemporary “return to the body,” the body is still conceived as a project which the person must advance and revise in order to both express and shape their sense of self‐identity. For all people this project is destined to failure at some point, and it has a range of concerning implications along the way. In thrall to the prevailing cultural ideologies that idolize projection, progress, and proficiency, our approach to the body is more likely to be characterized by manipulation and striving than the divine affirmation that “it is good” (Gen 1). This dynamic underlies the modern epidemic of ill health, eating disorders, disordered eating, “obesity,” and body‐shaming. Contemporary Christians are poorly insulated from the perils of a culture that is simultaneously body‐obsessed and body‐denying. A barely perceptible Gnosticism undergirds much of the popular theology of the body in practice, and the church has done little to address these ills, instead becoming mired in other body issues centered around sexuality and reproduction. The church has even absorbed the aims of the “wellness” industry and diet culture, sprinkling them Christianese and Christian celebrity endorsements. What can a biblical Christian thought and practice offer as a remedy? Ultimately, the human person need not strive to establish his or her identity, instead it is held secure in Christ. Both beauty and health, theologically defined, emerge from the integration of self and body, and the participation of the whole person in the divine life.
Deficit aversion: Mercantilist ideas and individual trade preferences
Authors: Spater Jeremy 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWhat factors affect trade preferences? This article focuses on current‐account balances, which despite being de‐emphasized by mainstream economic theory, play an outsized role in political rhetoric regarding the costs and benefits of free trade. This article shows that individual preferences over trade openness reflect the mercantilist belief that when a country is running a current‐account deficit, trade reduces that country's aggregate employment prospects and diminishes its status on the world stage. This article shows that current‐account balances are an important driver of individual trade preferences. The theory's predictions are borne out by hierarchical analysis of cross‐national observational survey data, and further supported by the results of an original survey priming experiment in the United States. These results contribute to a growing literature emphasizing the effect of macroeconomic factors on preferences.
Neural networks associated with eye movements in congenital blindness
Authors: Koba Cemal , Crimi Alessandro , Collignon Olivier , Ricciardi Emiliano , Hasson Uri 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRecent studies have shown that during the typical resting‐state, echo planar imaging (EPI) time series obtained from the eye orbit area correlate with brain regions associated with oculomotor control and lower‐level visual cortex. Here, we asked whether congenitally blind (CB) shows similar patterns, suggesting a hard‐wired constraint on connectivity. We find that orbital EPI signals in CB do correlate with activity in the motor cortex, but less so with activity in the visual cortex. However, the temporal patterns of this eye movement‐related signal differed strongly between CB and sighted controls. Furthermore, in CB, a few participants showed uncoordinated orbital EPI signals between the two eyes, each correlated with activity in different brain networks. Our findings suggest a retained circuitry between motor cortex and eye movements in blind, but also a moderate reorganization due to the absence of visual input, and the inability of CB to control their eye movements or sense their positions.
Ethical issues concerning UK veterinary surgeons practicing in equine sports medicine
Authors: Allen Kate , King Mike , Anderson Lynley , Mullan Siobhan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe ethics of equine sports medicine is a complex subject that is currently understudied. It combines veterinary ethics, sports ethics and associated regulation. Equine sports medicine may raise unique ethical issues and combines common ethical issues in ways distinct from other forms of veterinary medicine.ObjectivesThe purpose of this research was to identify and describe ethical issues concerning United Kingdom (UK) veterinary surgeons arising within the practice of equine sports medicine.Study designSurvey.MethodsAn online questionnaire was distributed to UK veterinary surgeons via veterinary organisations and veterinary social media. Responses to questions were collated and descriptive analysis performed. Open ended responses were analysed thematically.ResultsNinety‐seven respondents completed the questionnaire. The most commonly identified ethical challenges were the conflicts of interest and the pressures faced by the veterinary surgeon. The primary competing interest was balancing the horse's health and welfare with client wishes for the horse to continue in training and competition. Specific ethical challenges were identified; these related to competition integrity, medication control and prohibited substances, treatment evidence and acceptability, among others.Main limitationsAs anticipated with the use of a questionnaire, the responses did not provide in‐depth information about an individual veterinary surgeon's experiences, however, it did provide evidence of the extensive range of issues and concerns facing this group. There is also potential for response bias, whereby respondents may have provided answers they perceived were ethically desirable.ConclusionsThis is the first empirical study that explores the ethical issues faced by equine sports medicine veterinary surgeons and has identified wide ranging concerns that demand further study. Areas which may pose reputational risk to equestrian sport, or the veterinary profession were identified. Governing bodies should consider how to improve support for veterinary surgeons facing ethical challenges, as for some, these cause moral distress and may impact retention within the profession.
Development of Fewer Falls in MS—An Online, Theory‐Based, Fall Prevention Self‐Management Programme for People With Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Johnson Susanna Tuvemo , Ytterberg Charlotte , Peterson Elizabeth , Johansson Sverker , Kierkegaard Marie , Gottberg Kristina , Flink Maria 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe aim of this study was to describe the process used to develop a theory‐based, online fall prevention self‐management programme for ambulatory and non‐ambulatory people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS).MethodsThe development process was guided by the Medical Research Council framework of complex interventions and began with a scoping review of the literature on self‐management of falls in pwMS. Subsequent phases of development were performed through iterative and concurrent processes and were informed by the perspectives of pwMS and healthcare professionals with MS expertise.ResultsThrough a systematic and iterative process in close collaboration with pwMS and healthcare professionals, a theory‐based online fall prevention self‐management programme, Fewer Falls in MS, for ambulatory and non‐ambulatory pwMS was developed. The programme is grounded in theory and pedagogical models and features utilization of action plans to address diverse influences on fall risks.ConclusionsA carefully operationalized definition of self‐management and an iterative co‐development process were essential to the creation of the Fewer falls in MS programme. Continuation of the co‐development process and collaboration with end users was needed to refine the programme.Patient or Public ContributionPwMS and healthcare professionals were involved throughout the development process of the programme. The patient organization Neuro Sweden was contacted in the initial phase to discuss the relevance of a self‐management programme to prevent falls in MS. They supported the research group (all authors) in identification of and contact with pwMS with interest to participate. Three members of the research group (S.T.J., M.F. and C.Y.), that is, the operative group, met neuro Sweden and one pwMS to further discuss the relevance of a self‐management programme to prevent falls. To develop the process and content of the fall prevention programme, a co‐design process was performed together with pwMS and healthcare professionals. The results of the co‐design process are presented in this manuscript. In addition to participating in the co‐design process, pwMS and healthcare professionals provided feedback to the research group on programme process and content on several occasions during the subsequent programme development process. In a pretest (Beta version) of the programme, four pwMS acted as test subjects and provided additional feedback on the programme to the research group.Trial RegistrationNCT04317716.
Effectiveness of Technology‐Delivered Psychosocial Interventions for Family Caregivers of Patients With Dementia: A Systematic Review, Meta‐Analysis and Meta‐Regression
Authors: Cheng Jing Ying , Nurul Saatirah Bte Mohamad S. , Cheng Ling Jie , He Hong‐Gu 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTFamily caregivers living with patients with dementia (PwD) face psychological challenges due to care burden. Technology‐delivered psychosocial interventions (TPIs) have played a promising role in improving health outcomes among family caregivers living with PwD. This review aims to synthesise evidence of the effectiveness of TPIs on primary (burden and depression) and secondary outcomes (self‐efficacy, stress and anxiety) for family caregivers living with PwD. Random‐effects meta‐analyses were performed to determine effect size. Using Cochran's Q and I2 tests, statistical heterogeneity was evaluated. Sensitivity, subgroup analyses and meta‐regression were employed to explain statistical heterogeneity. Twenty‐eight trials comprising 4160 family caregivers from eight countries were included. Our meta‐analysis revealed that TPIs resulted in slight reduction in depression, probably resulted in a slight reduction in burden and anxiety and slight increase in self‐efficacy. Subgroup differences were detected in geographical regions (Western Pacific and Southeast Asia) for burden. While there were no significant subgroup differences in other factors, TPIs with preventive function and mobile applications had a more prominent larger effect size. Meta‐regression analysis showed that attrition rate was a significant moderator on depression. Results are limited by the high risk of bias of included trials, which may reduce certainty of evidence. This review suggest TPIs are recommended as an adjunct treatment for alleviating burden and depressive outcomes in healthcare institutions.PROSPERO Registration Number: PROSPERO (CRD42023387962).