bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toxicology‐based cancer causation analysis of CoCr‐containing hip implants: a quantitative assessment of genotoxicity and tumorigenicity studies
Authors: Christian Whitney V. , Oliver Lindsay D. , Paustenbach Dennis J. , Kreider Marisa L. , Finley Brent L. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTIn this paper, quantitative methods were used to evaluate the weight of evidence regarding a causative relationship between cobalt‐chromium (CoCr)‐containing hip implants and increased cancer risk. We reviewed approximately 80 published papers and identified no‐observed‐adverse‐effect level (NOAEL) and/or lowest‐observed‐adverse‐effect level (LOAEL) values for specific endpoints of interest: genotoxic effects fromin vitrostudies with human cell lines as well as genotoxicity and tumor formation in animal bioassays. Test articles included Co particles and ions, Cr particles and ions, and CoCr alloy particles as well as CoCr alloy implants. The NOAEL/LOAEL values were compared with body burdens of Co/Cr particles and ions we calculated to exist in systemic tissues of hip implant patients under normal and excessive wear conditions. We found that approximately 40 tumor bioassays have been conducted with CoCr alloy implants or Co/Cr particles and ions at levels hundreds to thousands of times higher than those present in hip implant patients, and none reported a statistically significant increased incidence of systemic tumors. Results fromin vitroandin vivogenotoxicity assays, which are relatively less informative owing to false positives and other factors, also indicated that DNA effects would be highly unlikely to occur as a result of wear debris from a CoCr implant. Hence, the toxicological weight of evidence suggests that CoCr‐containing hip implants are unlikely to be associated with an increased risk of systemic cancers, which is consistent with published and ongoing cancer epidemiology studies involving patients with CoCr hip implants. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Three‐dimensional arbitrary trajectory scanning photoacoustic microscopy
Authors: Yeh Chenghung , Soetikno Brian , Hu Song , Maslov Konstantin I. , Wang Lihong V. 
Published: July 2014

We have enhanced photoacoustic microscopy with three‐dimensional arbitrary trajectory (3‐DAT) scanning, which can rapidly image selected vessels over a large field of view (FOV) and maintain a high signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) despite the depth variation of the vessels. We showed that hemoglobin oxygen saturation (sO2) and blood flow can be measured simultaneously in a mouse ear in vivo at a frame rate 67 times greater than that of a traditional two‐dimensional raster scan. We also observed sO2 dynamics in response to switching from systemic hypoxia to hyperoxia.
3‐DAT‐scanning photoacoustic microscopy. Schematic diagram of the 3D scanning stage and method.magnified image3‐DAT‐scanning photoacoustic microscopy. Schematic diagram of the 3D scanning stage and method.
The SAP Motif and C‐Terminal RS‐ and RD/E‐Rich Region Influences the Sub‐Nuclear Localization of Acinus Isoforms
Authors: Wang Fang , Wendling Karen S. , Soprano Kenneth J. , Soprano Dianne Robert 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTAcinus has been reported to function in apoptosis, RNA processing and regulation of gene transcription including RA‐dependent transcription. There are three different isoforms of Acinus termed Acinus‐L, Acinus‐S’, and Acinus‐S. The isoforms of Acinus differ in their N‐terminus while the C‐terminus is consistent in all isoforms. The sub‐nuclear localization of Acinus‐L and Acinus‐S’ was determined using fluorescence microscopy. Acinus‐S’ colocalizes with SC35 in nuclear speckles while Acinus‐L localizes diffusely throughout the nucleoplasm. RA treatment has little effect on the sub‐nuclear localization of Acinus‐L and Acinus‐S’. The domains/regions necessary for the distinct sub‐nuclear localization of Acinus‐L and Acinus‐S’ were identified. The speckled sub‐nuclear localization of Acinus‐S’ is dependent on its C‐terminal RS‐ and RD/E‐rich region but is independent of the phosphorylation status of Ser‐453 and Ser‐604 within this region. The unique N‐terminal SAP motif of Acinus‐L is responsible for its diffuse localization in the nucleus. Moreover, the sub‐nuclear localization of Acinus isoforms is affected by each other, which is determined by the combinatorial effect of the more potent SAP motif of Acinus‐L and the C‐terminal RS‐ and RD/E‐rich region in all Acinus isoforms. The C‐terminal RS‐ and RD/E‐rich region of Acinus mediates the colocalization of Acinus isoforms as well as with its interacting protein RNPS1. In conclusion, the SAP motif is responsible for the difference in the nuclear localization between Acinus‐L and Acinus‐S’. This difference in the nuclear localization of Acinus‐S’ and Acinus‐L may suggest that these two isoforms have different functional roles. J. Cell. Biochem. 115: 2165–2174, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The effect of metformin on the hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and subclinical hypothyroidism
Authors: Krysiak Robert , Okopien Bogusław 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe effect of metformin treatment on the hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis is relatively weakly understood. This study included 24 prediabetic patients with polycystic ovary syndrome and untreated subclinical hypothyroidism, 12 of whom had already been treated with bromocriptine (5.0–7.5 mg daily). The included patients received metformin (2.55 g daily) for 6 months. Glucose homeostasis markers, serum prolactin, and thyroid function tests were determined before, after 3 months, and at the end of the treatment. Beyond improving glucose homeostasis, metformin administered for 6 months reduced serum levels of thyrotropin but did not affect serum levels of total and free thyroid hormones. Thyrotropin‐lowering effect of this agent was stronger in patients not treated with bromocriptine than in patients receiving this drug, and weakly correlated with an improvement in insulin sensitivity. The obtained results indicate that metformin treatment may have an impact on thyrotrope function in hypothyroid patients, probably by enhancing the effect of thyroid hormone action in the pituitary.
Testicular glucose and its transporter GLUT 8 as a marker of age‐dependent variation and its role in steroidogenesis in mice
Authors: Banerjee Arnab , Anuradha  , Mukherjee Kaustab , Krishna Amitabh 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTThe present study evaluates the hypothesis, that glucose is essential for steroidogenesis and inadequate supply of glucose to the testis may be responsible for decline in steroidogenesis in mice during aging. Mice of different age groups (birth, weaning, puberty, reproductively active, and senescence) were utilized for this study. The changes in glucose, glucose transporter (GLUT), and insulin receptor (IR) level in the testis were evaluated and compared with the testicular steroidogenic parameters such as steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), 3β‐hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase (3β‐HSD) and circulating testosterone levels. The result showed significant correlation between changes in GLUT 8 and glucose levels with changes in StAR level in the testis and circulating testosterone level in the mice from birth to senescence. Immunohistochemical analysis showed intense immunostaining of GLUT 8 and IR in the interstitial cells, most likely Leydig cells, in testis of pubertal and reproductively active mice suggesting their relevance in steroidogenesis. The in vitro study showed a significant positive correlation between luteinizing hormone (LH)‐induced increase in GLUT 8 and StAR (r = 0.82; P < 0.05) proteins level in the testes with increase in testosterone (r = 0.97; P < 0.05) synthesis of reproductively active mice. This study also showed increased release of lactate with increased uptake of glucose by the testis. Further, intra‐testicular treatment of 2‐deoxy glucose, to reproductively active mice caused a significant decrease in 3β‐HSD enzyme activity in the testis. Based on these findings, it may be concluded that the changes in glucose level either directly or indirectly lead to changes in testicular steroidogenesis during aging. J. Exp. Zool. 321A: 490–502, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The effect of fractionated radiotherapy in sensorineural hearing loss: An animal model
Authors: Mujica‐Mota Mario A. , Ibrahim Farid F. , Bezdjian Aren , Devic Slobodan , Daniel Sam J. 
Published: July 2014

Objectives/HypothesisThe purpose of this study is to assess the effect of fractionated radiotherapy on sensorineural hearing loss using an animal model.Study DesignIn vivo animal study.MethodsEars of 25 guinea pigs were divided into three groups: control, irradiated with a total of 48 gray (Gy), and 71 Gy. Unilateral exposure of 48 Gy and 71 Gy fractionated irradiation was given for a 4‐week period. Auditory brainstem response and distortion products otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) were tested prior to irradiation and 1, 6, 10, and 16 weeks after completion of radiotherapy to assess the hearing threshold shift postradiotherapy over time.ResultsNo significant differences in hearing thresholds between the low dose radiation (48 Gy) and the control group (no radiation) underlined that 48 Gy caused no hearing deficits (P = 0.37). The higher dose (71 Gy) showed progressive deterioration of the hearing function over time. Three‐way ANOVA interactions revealed significant group‐time effects (F= 9.261; P < 0.0001). DPOAE analysis demonstrated hearing loss at 71 Gy without progression or recovery at all time points, predominantly in the higher frequencies tested.ConclusionThe present study suggests that in the presence of sensorineural hearing loss due to high‐ dose fractionated radiotherapy, there is an initial sensorial component; however, the neural component is responsible for its progressivity.Level of EvidenceN/A. Laryngoscope 124:E418–E424, 2014
A sequential subspace projection method for extreme Z‐eigenvalues of supersymmetric tensors
Authors: L. Hao C. , F. Cui C. , H. Dai Y. 
Published: July 2014

SummaryZ‐eigenvalues of tensors, especially extreme ones, are quite useful and are related to many problems, such as automatic control, quantum physics, and independent component analysis. For supersymmetric tensors, calculating the smallest/largest Z‐eigenvalue is equivalent to solving a global minimization/maximization problem of a homogenous polynomial over the unit sphere. In this paper, we utilize the sequential subspace projection method (SSPM) to find extreme Z‐eigenvalues and the corresponding Z‐eigenvectors. The main idea of SSPM is to form a 2‐dimensional subspace at the current point and then solve the original optimization problem in the subspace. SSPM benefits from the fact that the 2‐dimensional subproblem can be solved by a direct method. Global convergence and linear convergence are established for supersymmetric tensors under certain assumptions. Preliminary numerical results over several testing problems show that SSPM is very promising. Besides, the globalization strategy of random phase can be easily incorporated into SSPM, which promotes the ability to find extreme Z‐eigenvalues. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Status Problem of Iberian Holocene Equids: New Data from Cueva de El Mirador (Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain)
Authors: Martín P. , Vergès J. M. , Nadal J. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractEquid remains are scarce and very fragmented in Iberian Neolithic and Bronze Age sites. Evidence suggesting that horses were domesticated does exist, but it is often inconclusive, thus leaving the question unanswered. Today, DNA analyses have provided information about a, most likely Iberian, nucleus of horse domestication, making it crucially important to expand the database. The Holocene sequence (6th and 3rd millennium cal bc) of the Cueva de El Mirador (Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain) has yielded 92 equid remains distributed in 12 Neolithic and Bronze Age levels. In this paper, we present the study of the equid remains from the Cueva de El Mirador from an archaeozoological perspective, giving indirect evidence of horse domestication. Our results vary widely and lead to open interpretations about horse domestication and how humans used these animals. This study of horse remains focuses on species identification and on determining how humans economically used these animals. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A qualitative analysis of responses to a question prompt list and prognosis and end‐of‐life care discussion prompts delivered in a communication support program
Authors: Walczak Adam , Henselmans Inge , Tattersall Martin H. N. , Clayton Josephine M. , Davidson Patricia M. , Young Jane , Bellemore Frances A. , Epstein Ronald M. , Butow Phyllis N. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractObjectiveDiscussing end‐of‐life (EOL) care is challenging when death is not imminent, contributing to poor decision‐making and EOL quality‐of‐life. A communication support program (CSP) targeting these issues may facilitate discussions. We aimed to qualitatively explore responses to a nurse‐led CSP, incorporating a question prompt list (QPL—booklet of questions patients/caregivers can ask clinicians), promoting life expectancy and EOL‐care discussions.MethodsParticipants met a nurse‐facilitator to explore an EOL‐focussed QPL. Prognosis and advance care planning (ACP) QPL content was highlighted. Thirty‐one transcribed meetings were analysed using thematic text analysis before reaching data saturation.ResultsThirty‐one advanced cancer patients (life expectancy <12 months) and 11 family caregivers were recruited from six medical oncology clinics in Sydney, Australia. Intent to use the QPL related to information needs, involvement in care and readiness to discuss EOL issues. Many participants did not want life expectancy estimates, citing unreliable estimates, unknown treatment outcomes, or coping by not looking ahead. Most displayed interest in ACP, often motivated by a loved one's EOL experiences, clear treatment preferences, concerns about caregivers or recognition that ACP is valuable regardless of life expectancy. Timing emerged as a reason not to discuss EOL issues; many maintaining it was too early.ConclusionPatients and caregivers appear ambivalent about acknowledging approaching death by discussing life expectancy but value ACP. Given heterogeneity in responses, individualised approaches are required to guide EOL discussion conduct and content. Further exploration of the role of prognostic discussion in ACP is warranted. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neonicotinoids and bumblebees (Bombus terrestris): effects on nectar consumption in individual workers
Authors: Thompson Helen M , Wilkins Selwyn , Harkin Sarah , Milner Sarah , Walters Keith FA 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe objective of this study was to quantify whether the presence of three different neonicotinoid insecticides (imidacloprid, thiamethoxam or clothianidin) in sucrose solution results in antifeedant effects in individual worker bumblebees (Bombus terrestris), and, if so, whether this effect is reversible if bees are subsequently offered untreated feed.RESULTSBees exposed to imidacloprid displayed a significant dose‐dependent reduction in consumption at 10 and 100 µg L−1, which was reversed when untreated feed was offered. No consistent avoidance/antifeedant response to nectar substitute with thiamethoxam was detected at the more field‐realistic dose rates of 1 and 10 µg L−1, and exposure to the very high 100 µg L−1 dose rate was followed by 100% mortality of experimental insects. No reduction in food intake was recorded at 1 µg clothianidin L−1, reduced consumption was noted at 10 µg clothianidin L−1 and 100% mortality occurred when bees were exposed to rates of 100 µg clothianidin L−1.CONCLUSIONThis study provides evidence of a direct antifeedant effect of imidacloprid and clothianidin in individual bumblebees but highlights that this may be a compound‐specific effect. © 2014 Crown copyright. Pest Management Science © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Sins of omission versus commission: Cross‐cultural differences in brand‐switching due to dissatisfaction induced by individual versus group action and inaction
Authors: Ng Sharon , Kim Hakkyun , Rao Akshay R. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe examine how brand‐switching varies across cultures, depending on the drivers of a prior unsatisfactory consumption experience. We draw from the literature on regret, norm theory and cross‐cultural psychology to predict that Westerners are more likely to switch brands when the unsatisfactory consumption experience is a consequence of their inaction relative to the inaction of a group to which they belong. In contrast, it is predicted that Easterners are more likely to switch brands when the unsatisfactory consumption experience is a consequence of inaction on the part of the group to which they belong relative to their own inaction. We discuss the relevance of our research for marketing theory, the need to account for cultural differences in consumer segments, and the implications for organizations targeting culturally distinct market segments, both domestically and internationally.
Quality assurance in higher education in China: Control, accountability and freedom
Authors: Wang Li 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Quality assurance (QA) has received increasing attention in the Chinese higher education (HE) sector. This paper examines the QA system in HE in China and its influence on university governance and academic performance. It starts with an introduction into the development of the QA system, and is followed by a discussion of how QA affects accountability and autonomy from the perspective of the faculty. Given that different stakeholders have different understandings of education quality, the next section contributes to the debate on whether the current system is designed for improvement of learning experience, or as a means of effective government control. This paper concludes by highlighting the importance of involving faculty and students in the current QA system to enhance the quality of HE.
The Dutch way of New Public Management
Authors: Enders Jürgen , Westerheijden Don F 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Our paper investigates the emergence and development of quality assurance (QA) for teaching in the Netherlands since the mid-1980s. We conceptualise our paper on the background of the multi-level study of New Public Management (NPM) as a narrative of political change, as a choice of certain policy instruments and distinct organisational forms, and as a set of practical control technologies. We show how the specific policy regime of corporatist negotiations and Rechtsstaat instruments deflected QA as a ‘hard’ NPM-policy. QA has nevertheless been instrumental within a wider NPM-inspired policy mix for achieving new ways of governmental control of universities and managerialist control within universities. We conclude by arguing that an important function of QA has been to provide ‘legitimacy through procedures’.
Roughness-induced turbulent wedges in a hypersonic blunt-body boundary layer
Authors: Fiala A. , Hillier R. , Estruch-Samper D. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis paper uses measurements of surface heat transfer to study roughness-induced turbulent wedges in a hypersonic boundary layer on a blunt cylinder. A family of wedges was produced by changing the height of an isolated roughness element, providing conditions in the following range: fully effective tripping, for the largest element, with a turbulent wedge forming immediately downstream of the element; a long wake, in length several hundred times the boundary layer thickness, leading ultimately to transition; and retention of laminar flow, for the smallest element. With appropriate element size, a fully intermittent wedge formed, comprising a clear train of turbulent spots.
On the cusps bordering liquid sheets
Authors: Gordillo J. M. , Lhuissier H. , Villermaux E. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe edge of a stationary radially expanding liquid sheet and the receding rim bordering a plane sheet are naturally indented. It presents a collection of cusps at the extremity of which the liquid concentrates and is expelled. An experimental description of these cusps for a stationary flat inviscid Savart sheet is given. We identify the stable node–jet structure responsible for the deflection of the incoming flow at the rim and demonstrate how these cusps are the structures that accommodate for both mass and momentum conservation at the sheet edge. Their shape, their number around the sheet, and the residual momentum carried by the ejected liquid are computed.
Temporal variations in taxonomic relatedness of periphytic
ciliate microfauna during its colonization periods in coastal waters of the
Yellow Sea, northern China
Authors: Xu Yuping , Zhang Wei , Liu Yuanyuan , Warren Alan , Xu Henglong 
Published: July 2014

Temporal variations in the taxonomic relatedness of periphytic ciliate
microfauna during colonization periods were studied in coastal waters of the
Yellow Sea, northern China, from May to June 2010. Samples were collected at
two depths of 1 and 3 m, using glass slides as artificial substrates. The
colonization dynamics of ciliate microfauna on the slides revealed similar
patterns in species composition at both depths. In the immature communities
(1–7 days), the taxonomic patterns showed high variability compared to those
in the mature ones (10 days and more). However, taxonomic relatedness
parameters at the two depths differed during early stages of colonization
(e.g. 1–3 days). Taxonomic diversity (Δ) was subject to high variability
(coefficients of variation >10%) in both immature and mature communities,
whereas taxonomic distinctness (Δ*), average taxonomic distinctness
(Δ+) and variation in taxonomic distinctness (Λ+)
showed high stability (coefficients of variation <10%) during the
colonization times of 3–21 days. These findings suggest that 3–21-day
exposure times are sufficient to detect the taxonomic distinctness of
periphytic ciliate microfauna at water depths of 1–3 m for the purposes of
ecological research and monitoring of marine ecosystems.