bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spent coffee ground mass solubilisation by steam explosion and enzymatic hydrolysis
Authors: Chiyanzy Idan , Brienzo Michel , García‐Aparicio Maria , Agudelo Roberto , Görgens Johann 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDInstant coffee production generates large amounts of a waste known as spent coffee ground (SCG), which is rich in carbohydrate (∼50%), oil and aromatic compounds.RESULTSSteam pretreatment by itself solubilised up to 10.7% of the SCG mass, which was recovered as soluble solids in the liquor from pretreatment. The highest extent of soluble solid recovery from pretreatment itself (10.7%) was obtained at 210°C/15 min, while milder conditions (150–190°C/10–12 min) recovered 2.6% soluble solids. Mannanase (recombinant strain of Yarrowia lipolytica) and cellulase (Acremonium, Bioshigen Co.Ltd, Japan) had an additive effect, with no indication of synergism observed. The best combinations of mannanase/cellulase cocktail for enzymatic hydrolysis were 0.5/0.82% and 0.01/0.91% (w/w), releasing 20.6% (g per 100 g raw SCG) and 22.6% (g per 100 g pretreated SCG) of soluble solids from untreated and pretreated SCG, respectively. By combining soluble solids recovered from steam pretreatment with the soluble products from subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis, a yield of 27.65% (g per 100 g SCG) was achieved.CONCLUSIONThe pretreatment was effective in generating a material more amenable to enzyme action, thus requiring reduced enzyme dosages for subsequent hydrolysis compared with untreated SCG. The combined process showed significant technical feasibility for re‐use SCG and may be considered to produce additional instant coffee product. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Identification of ZDHHC14 as a novel human tumour suppressor gene
Authors: Yeste‐Velasco Marc , Mao Xueying , Grose Richard , Kudahetti Sakunthala C , Lin Dongmei , Marzec Jacek , Vasiljević Natasa , Chaplin Tracy , Xue Liyan , Xu Maojia , Foster Julie M , Karnam Santi S , James Sharon Y , Chioni Athina‐Myrto , Gould David , Lorincz Attila T , Oliver R Tim D , Chelala Claude , Thomas Gareth M , Shipley Janet M , Mather Stephen J , Berney Daniel M , Young Bryan D , Lu Yong‐Jie 
Published: January 2014

AbstractGenomic changes affecting tumour suppressor genes are fundamental to cancer. We applied SNP array analysis to a panel of testicular germ cell tumours to search for novel tumour suppressor genes and identified a frequent small deletion on 6q25.3 affecting just one gene, ZDHHC14. The expression of ZDHHC14, a putative protein palmitoyltransferase with unknown cellular function, was decreased at both RNA and protein levels in testicular germ cell tumours. ZDHHC14 expression was also significantly decreased in a panel of prostate cancer samples and cell lines. In addition to our findings of genetic and protein expression changes in clinical samples, inducible overexpression of ZDHHC14 led to reduced cell viability and increased apoptosis through the classic caspase‐dependent apoptotic pathway and heterozygous knockout of ZDHHC14 decreased cell colony formation ability. Finally, we confirmed our in vitro findings of the tumour suppressor role of ZDHHC14 in a mouse xenograft model, showing that overexpression of ZDHHC14 inhibits tumourigenesis. Thus, we have identified a novel tumour suppressor gene that is commonly down‐regulated in testicular germ cell tumours and prostate cancer, as well as given insight into the cellular functional role of ZDHHC14, a potential protein palmitoyltransferase that may play a key protective role in cancer. © 2014 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Inference of bioequivalence for log‐normal distributed data with unspecified variances
Authors: Xu Siyan , Hua Steven Y. , Menton Ronald , Barker Kerry , Menon Sandeep , D'Agostino Ralph B. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractTwo drugs are bioequivalent if the ratio of a pharmacokinetic (PK) parameter of two products falls within equivalence margins. The distribution of PK parameters is often assumed to be log‐normal, therefore bioequivalence (BE) is usually assessed on the difference of logarithmically transformed PK parameters (δ). In the presence of unspecified variances, test procedures such as two one‐sided tests (TOST) use sample estimates for those variances; Bayesian models integrate them out in the posterior distribution. These methods limit our knowledge on the extent that inference about BE is affected by the variability of PK parameters. In this paper, we propose a likelihood approach that retains the unspecified variances in the model and partitions the entire likelihood function into two components:F‐statistic function for variances andt‐statistic function forδ. Demonstrated with published real‐life data, the proposed method not only produces results that are same as TOST and comparable with Bayesian method but also helps identify ranges of variances, which could make the determination of BE more achievable. Our findings manifest the advantages of the proposed method in making inference about the extent that BE is affected by the unspecified variances, which cannot be accomplished either by TOST or Bayesian method. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
AN ASSOCIATION BETWEEN NEIGHBOURHOOD WEALTH INEQUALITY AND HIV PREVALENCE IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Authors: BRODISH PAUL HENRY 
Published: January 2014

SummaryThis paper investigates whether community-level wealth inequality predicts HIV serostatus using DHS household survey and HIV biomarker data for men and women ages 15–59 pooled from six sub-Saharan African countries with HIV prevalence rates exceeding 5%. The analysis relates the binary dependent variable HIV-positive serostatus and two weighted aggregate predictors generated from the DHS Wealth Index: the Gini coefficient, and the ratio of the wealth of households in the top 20% wealth quintile to that of those in the bottom 20%. In separate multilevel logistic regression models, wealth inequality is used to predict HIV prevalence within each statistical enumeration area, controlling for known individual-level demographic predictors of HIV serostatus. Potential individual-level sexual behaviour mediating variables are added to assess attenuation, and ordered logit models investigate whether the effect is mediated through extramarital sexual partnerships. Both the cluster-level wealth Gini coefficient and wealth ratio significantly predict positive HIV serostatus: a 1 point increase in the cluster-level Gini coefficient and in the cluster-level wealth ratio is associated with a 2.35 and 1.3 times increased likelihood of being HIV positive, respectively, controlling for individual-level demographic predictors, and associations are stronger in models including only males. Adding sexual behaviour variables attenuates the effects of both inequality measures. Reporting eleven plus lifetime sexual partners increases the odds of being HIV positive over five-fold. The likelihood of having more extramarital partners is significantly higher in clusters with greater wealth inequality measured by the wealth ratio. Disaggregating logit models by sex indicates important risk behaviour differences. Household wealth inequality within DHS clusters predicts HIV serostatus, and the relationship is partially mediated by more extramarital partners. These results emphasize the importance of incorporating higher-level contextual factors, investigating behavioural mediators, and disaggregating by sex in assessing HIV risk in order to uncover potential mechanisms of action and points of preventive intervention.
Notoparmelia, a new genus ofParmeliaceae(Ascomycota) based on overlooked reproductive anatomical features, phylogeny and distribution pattern
Authors: FERENCOVA Zuzana , CUBAS Paloma , DIVAKAR Pradeep Kumar , MOLINA M. Carmen , CRESPO Ana 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe importance of the anatomy and fine morphology of reproductive structures for the systematics of the familyParmeliaceaeis highlighted by the new genusNotoparmelia, described here for Australasian species ofParmelia. These species were known to form a monophyletic lineage but correlated characters for its delimitation were lacking. A major characteristic used here for the circumscription of this genus is the overlooked apothecial anatomy. The proper exciple is reduced to one layer formed exclusively by large hyphae without any clear branching pattern and embedded in an abundant polysaccharide matrix. This feature differs from the rest ofParmeliaceaewhich have a stratified three-layered proper exciple composed of a thin hyaline layer, intermediate layer and basal cortex-like structure. The anatomy of proper exciple, together with the thickness of spore walls and other morphological characters such as lobe morphology, pseudocyphellae and rhizine type, allow a precise diagnosis of the new genus. The area of distribution is also useful for characterizing this genus. Sixteen new combinations are proposed.
Older-age care politics, policy and institutional reforms in Lithuania
Authors: JUSKA ARUNAS , CICIURKAITE GABRIELE 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the dynamics of policy reforms pertaining to care for older adults in post-socialist Lithuania. In the Soviet era social services in Lithuania were in a rudimentary stage of development. By the early 1990s a combination of long-term demographic trends such as ageing, a decline in fertility rates and an increase in divorce rates, and the impact of radical neo-liberal reforms significantly increased the number of older individuals living alone and in poverty. In response, a number of measures were undertaken to reform older-age care, resulting in decentralisation, institutional layering and institutional recalibration of social services. It is argued that the historical legacy has proved to be especially significant in the institutional development of social services by reproducing a State-centred system, although with a growing trend towards the privatisation and marketisation of social care. The role of various organised interests and civic groups, policy makers and international organisations, as well as ideologies and broader sets of cultural values in shaping social services pertaining to the care of older adults are discussed.
‘Ga, ga, ooh-la-la’: the childlike use of language in pop-rock music
Authors: Appel Nadav 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIn this paper, I examine several aspects of pop-rock music that are characterised by the childlike use of language. Relying on the theoretical work of Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari – particularly on their concept of ‘becoming-child’ – I locate, describe and analyse three distinct childlike strategies common in pop-rock: the use of gibberish and nonsense that unbinds language from sense, enabling it to release its own expressive intensities; the utilisation of baby talk and other childlike vocal mannerisms, drawing attention to the physical properties of the act of singing as bodily experimentation; and different forms of repetition that ‘shake’ sense out of words, allowing them to draw their own lines of flight. Foregrounding these strategies, I ultimately claim, expands our understanding of pop-rock music while problematising its traditional interpretation as ‘rebellious’ music, offering its positive, productive qualities and ‘minoritarian’ politics as an alternative to the restricting dichotomy between oppression and liberation implied by the concept of rebellion.
‘One for all …’: The case of the MIMIs awards and their exemplarity of Montréal's ‘musiques émergentes’
Authors: Lussier Martin 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAward ceremonies have played a central role in popular music. One aspect of this role is their exemplarity: they place in full view what is to be valued in popular culture and, at the same time, they embody a sample of something larger than themselves, an ensemble. The Félix award, organised by ADISQ (Québec's music trade association), has played this role in Québec since 1979. However, in 1995, members of the underground scene, claiming that this award ceremony was not representative of all of Québec's musical families, created their own gala: the MIMIs (Montreal's International Music Initiative). This paper focuses on the exemplarity of this event for the Québec (Canada) ‘musiques émergentes’. In the first part, I look at one of the most visible faces of the MIMIs – its categories – to give an overview of the ways in which the event highlights its exemplarity of the totality of ‘musiques émergentes’ through their celebration. In the second part, I discuss the totalising processes implemented by the MIMIs to ensure that all artists, records or organisations could be considered in the pool of potential nominees.
The relationship between meteorological variables and sporadic cases of Legionnaires' disease in residents of England and Wales
Authors: HALSBY K. D. , JOSEPH C. A. , LEE J. V. , WILKINSON P. 
Published: January 2014

SUMMARYWe studied the timing of occurrence of 1676 sporadic, community-acquired cases of Legionnaires' disease in England and Wales between 1993 and 2008, in relation to temperature, relative humidity, rainfall, windspeed and ultraviolet light using a fixed-stratum case-crossover approach. The analysis was conducted using conditional logistic regression, with consideration of appropriate lag periods. There was evidence of an association between the risk of Legionnaires' disease and temperature with an apparently long time lag of 1–9 weeks [odds of disease at 95thvs. 75th centiles: 3·91, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2·06–7·40], and with rainfall at short time lags (of 2–10 days) (odds of disease at 75thvs.50th centiles: 1·78, 95% CI 1·50–2·13). There was some evidence that the risk of disease in relation to high temperatures was greater at high relative humidities. A higher risk of Legionnaires' disease may be indicated by preceding periods of warmer wetter weather.
Exercise capacity in the Fontan circulation
Authors: Goldberg David J. , Avitabile Catherine M. , McBride Michael G. , Paridon Stephen M. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe Fontan operation can create a stable circulation from childhood through early adulthood. However, the absence of a sub-pulmonary pumping chamber leads to a physiology in which exercise capacity is limited and decreases with age starting in adolescence. The limitation in exercise capacity is more pronounced at peak levels of exercise, but is still present during more modest levels of activity. The underlying causes of exercise impairment relate to both central cardiovascular factors (oxygen delivery) and peripheral factors (oxygen extraction). Interventions to improve cardiac preload and to improve lean muscle mass may help to improve exercise capacity and, perhaps, will alter the “natural history” of the progressive decline.
Introduction: Highlights of HeartWeek 2013 at the Sixth World Congress of Paediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery in Cape Town South Africa
Authors: Jacobs Jeffrey Phillip 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis December issue of Cardiology in the Young represents the 11th annual publication generated from the two meetings that compose “HeartWeek in Florida”. “HeartWeek in Florida”, the joint collaborative project sponsored by the Cardiac Center at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, together with Johns Hopkins All Children's Heart Institute of Saint Petersburg, Florida, averages over 1000 attendees every year and is now recognised as one of the major planks of continuing medical and nursing education for those working in the fields of diagnosis and treatment of cardiac disease in the foetus, neonate, infant, child, and adult. “HeartWeek in Florida” combines the International Symposium on Congenital Heart Disease, organised by All Children's Hospital and Johns Hopkins Medicine and entering its 14th year, with the Annual Postgraduate Course in Pediatric Cardiovascular Disease, organised by The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and entering its 17th year.This December, 2013 issue of Cardiology in the Young highlights the sessions from HeartWeek 2013 that were held at The Sixth World Congress of Paediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery in Cape Town, South Africa. We would like to acknowledge the tremendous contributions made to medicine by John Brown, and therefore we dedicate this HeartWeek 2013 issue of Cardiology in the Young to him.
Correlations between predicted protein disorder and post-translational modifications in plants
Authors: Kurotani Atsushi , Tokmakov Alexander A. , Kuroda Yutaka , Fukami Yasuo , Shinozaki Kazuo , Sakurai Tetsuya 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Motivation: Protein structural research in plants lags behind that in animal and bacterial species. This lag concerns both the structural analysis of individual proteins and the proteome-wide characterization of structure-related properties. Until now, no systematic study concerning the relationships between protein disorder and multiple post-translational modifications (PTMs) in plants has been presented.
Results: In this work, we calculated the global degree of intrinsic disorder in the complete proteomes of eight typical monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plant species. We further predicted multiple sites for phosphorylation, glycosylation, acetylation and methylation and examined the correlations of protein disorder with the presence of the predicted PTM sites. It was found that phosphorylation, acetylation and O-glycosylation displayed a clear preference for occurrence in disordered regions of plant proteins. In contrast, methylation tended to avoid disordered sequence, whereas N-glycosylation did not show a universal structural preference in monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants. In addition, the analysis performed revealed significant differences between the integral characteristics of monocot and dicot proteomes. They included elevated disorder degree, increased rate of O-glycosylation and R-methylation, decreased rate of N-glycosylation, K-acetylation and K-methylation in monocotyledonous plant species, as compared with dicotyledonous species. Altogether, our study provides the most compelling evidence so far for the connection between protein disorder and multiple PTMs in plants.
Contact: tokmak@phoenix.kobe-u.ac.jp or tetsuya.sakurai@riken.jp
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Interpopulation variability on embryo growth, seed dormancy break, and germination in the endangered Iberian daffodil Narcissus eugeniae (Amaryllidaceae)
Authors: Copete Elena , Herranz José Mª , Copete Miguel Ángel , Ferrandis Pablo 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe main goal of the study was to assess germination requirements in a threatened daffodil to elaborate a detailed protocol for plant production from seeds, a key tool for conservation. Experiments were carried out both in the laboratory and outdoor conditions. In Pseudonarcissi section, endemic Iberian species of Narcissus studied heretofore have different levels of morphophysiological dormancy (MPD). Embryo length, radicle emergence, and shoot emergence were analyzed to determine the level of MPD. Both interpopulational variability and seed storage duration were also studied. Mean embryo length in fresh seeds was 1.32 mm and the embryo had to grow until it reached at least 2.00 mm to germinate. Embryo growth occurs during warm stratification, after which the radicle emerges when temperatures go down. Seed dormancy was broken in the laboratory at 28/14°C in darkness followed by 15/4°C, but the germination percentage varies depending on the population. In outdoor conditions, seed dispersal occurs in June, the embryo grows during the summer and then the radicle emerges in autumn. The radicle system continues to grow during the winter months, but the shoot does not emerge until the beginning of the spring because it is physiologically dormant and requires a cold period to break dormancy. Early cold temperatures interrupt embryo growth and induce dormancy in seeds with an advanced embryo development. Seeds of N. eugeniae have deep simple epicotyl MPD. In addition, we found that embryo growth and germination were improved by seed storage duration.
Shortening the Work Preference Inventory for Use with Physician Scientists: WPI‐10
Authors: Robinson Georgeanna F. W. B. , Switzer Galen E. , Cohen Elan D. , Primack Brian A. , Kapoor Wishwa N. , Seltzer Deborah L. , Rubio Doris McGartland 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe Work Preference Inventory (WPI) is a four‐factor, 30‐item measure that assesses work motivation. Used to help individuals choose appropriate career paths, its length contributes to response burden, especially when combined with other measures. We aimed to develop a shortened, valid, and reliable version of the WPI. Trainees at the University of Pittsburgh's Institute for Clinical Research Education completed the 30‐item WPI between 2007 and 2012. We conducted exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses to reduce the number of items. Of the 402 eligible trainees, 371 (92%) provided data for the exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and 134 of the eligible 144 trainees (93%) provided data for the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). EFA revealed four factors that were roughly equivalent to those of the original. CFA used the three items with the highest loadings on each factor, with two items removed due to low loadings and R‐squareds, resulting in a 10‐item scale. Cronbach's alpha for each of the four factors ranged from 0.68 to 0.76. Factors in the WPI‐10 were strongly and significantly associated with factors in the original WPI, indicating strong validity of the shortened measure. The WPI‐10 shows evidence for similar validity and reliability to the original instrument while reducing respondent burden.
Optimizing chamber methods for measuring nitrous oxide emissions from plot‐based agricultural experiments
Authors: Chadwick D. R. , Cardenas L. , Misselbrook T. H. , Smith K. A. , Rees R. M. , Watson C. J. , McGeough K. L. , Williams J. R. , Cloy J. M. , Thorman R. E. , Dhanoa M. S. 
Published: January 2014

SummaryNitrous oxide emissions (N2O) from agricultural land are spatially and temporally variable. Most emission measurements are made with small (≪ 1 m2 area) static chambers. We used N2O chamber data collected from multiple field experiments across different geo‐climatic zones in the UK and from a range of nitrogen treatments to quantify uncertainties associated with flux measurements. Data were analysed to assess the spatial variability of fluxes, the degree of linearity of headspace N2O accumulation and the robustness of using ambient air N2O concentrations as a surrogate for sampling immediately after closure (T0). Data showed differences of up to more than 50‐fold between the maximum and minimum N2O flux from five chambers within one plot on a single sampling occasion, and that reliability of flux measurements increased with greater numbers of chambers. In more than 90% of the 1970 cases where linearity of headspace N2O accumulation was measured (with four or more sampling points), linear accumulation was observed; however, where non‐linear accumulation was seen this could result in a 26% under‐estimate of the flux. Statistical analysis demonstrated that the use of ambient air as a surrogate for T0 headspace samples did not result in any consistent bias in calculated fluxes. Spatial variability has the potential to result in erroneous flux estimates if not taken into account, and generally introduces a far larger uncertainty into the calculated flux (commonly orders of magnitude more) than any uncertainties introduced through reduced headspace sampling or assumption of linearity of headspace accumulation. Hence, when deploying finite resources, maximizing chamber numbers should be given priority over maximizing the number of headspace samplings per enclosure period.