bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Advances in Minimally Invasive Management of Osteolytic Periacetabular Skeletal Metastases
Authors: Jiang Will , Lee Sangmin , Caruana Dennis , Zhuang Kun Da , Cazzato Roberto , Latich Igor 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPainful skeletal osteolytic metastases, impending pathological fractures, and nondisplaced fractures present as a devastating clinical problem in advanced stage cancer patients. Open surgical approaches provide excellent mechanical stabilization but are often associated with high complication rates and slow recovery times. Percutaneous minimally invasive interventions have arisen as a pragmatic and logical treatment option for patients with late-stage cancer in whom open surgery may be contraindicated. These percutaneous interventions minimize soft tissue dissection, allow for the immediate initiation or resumption of chemotherapies, and present with fewer complications. This review provides the most up-to-date technical and conceptual framework for the minimally invasive management of osseous metastases with particular focus on periacetabular lesions. Fundamental topics discussed are as follows: (1) pathogenesis of cancer-induced bone loss and the importance of local cytoreduction to restore bone quality, (2) anatomy and biomechanics of the acetabulum as a weight-bearing zone, (3) overview of ablation options and cement/screw techniques, and (4) combinatorial approaches. Future studies should include additional studies with more long-term follow-up to better assess mechanical durability of minimally invasive interventions. An acetabulum-specific functional and pain scoring framework should be adopted to allow for better cross-study comparison.
Effects of Parental-Group Intervention on Parents' Growth Mindset and Behaviors of Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Fuengfoo Adidsuda , Poonsawat Rawiwan , Leelathanaporn Sija , Mekrungcharas Thanyaporn 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common developmental disorder among school-aged children. A multimodal treatment approach is the most effective approach for ADHD children. Parent intervention group activities help parents with ADHD children develop a good mindset toward their child and help develop skills to design appropriate parenting strategies. Our objective was to study the effect of growth mindset activities on reducing behavioral problems of ADHD children and factors associated with stress among parents of children with ADHD. A randomized controlled trial was conducted and parents of ADHD children aged 7 to 15 years were divided into the experimental and the control groups. The experimental group participated in mindset and communication intervention activities for 3 hours each, while the control group received only initial knowledge and guidance. Baseline data were collected in the beginning of the trial and at 2 and 6 months after starting the trial. Fifty parents with a mean age of 40.14 ± 8.28 years were divided into two groups. After 6 months, the mean mindset scores of the experimental group were statistically significantly higher than those of the control group (p-value = 0.014) and the impulsiveness score decreased by 2.46 ± 1.19 points (p-value = 0.05). The associated factors affecting parenting stress are their own mindset and their child's rebellious behavior. Parent intervention group activities help adjusting parents' mindsets and reduce impulsive behavior in children at 6 months of the trial. A child's rebellious behavior is the best predictor of parental stress, followed by the parents mindset.
An Unusual Case of Teeth in Neck: An Interesting Case Report
Authors: Wadhwa Vikram , Tandon Swati , Singh Maya , Bapat Daamini 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background Foreign bodies of neck are a common occurrence after trauma and road traffic accidents. Foreign bodies can get lodged in the neck especially after open wound. These could range from a piece of glass, wood, pebble pieces, or the part of tool used for trauma.
Case Presentation We report a case of an unusual foreign body in the neck. Posttrauma, patient had mandibular fracture with dislodgement of teeth in the neck masquerading as foreign body. Patient required surgical intervention for removal of teeth from the neck via an external incision and recovered uneventfully.
Conclusion The aim of the article was to highlight the importance of complete clinical and radiological examination in a patient of trauma. Missing teeth especially in cases of mandibular fracture must be searched for carefully.
20.5.1.2.9 Synthesis of Esters from Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives (Update 2024)
Authors: de Figueiredo R. M. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This review is a further update to the earlier Science of Synthesis contributions detailing the preparation of carboxylic acid esters from the corresponding acids and other derivatives [Sections 20.5.1.2 (2007) and 20.5.1.2.8 (2011)], and considers relevant esterification methods that were not covered in those previous chapters or have been reported since then. Protocols for the synthesis of esters from carboxylic acids and alcohols, alkyl halides (and surrogates), alkenes, or allenes are included. Moreover, ester formation through C(sp3)—H functionalization and from carboxylic acid derivatives, such as N-acyloxazolidinones and amides, are also covered.
20.2.1.3.6 Synthesis of Carboxylic Acids from Aldehydes and Ketones (Update 2024)
Authors: Favre-Réguillon A. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter is an update to the earlier Science of Synthesis contribution (Section 20.2.1.3) and describes methods for the formation of carboxylic acids reported in the period 2007–2023. The focus is on recent advances in the synthetic preparations of carboxylic acids from aldehydes and ketones using green and sustainable reagents as well as continuous flow procedures.
20.2.1.9 Synthesis of Alkanoic Acids Using Carbon Dioxide through Catalytic C—C Bond-Forming Reactions
Authors: Rawat V. K. , Mita T. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In recent years, there has been growing interest in utilizing carbon dioxide as a feedstock for organic synthesis due to its abundance, low cost, and environmentally benign nature, with a particular focus on the catalytic synthesis of alkanoic acids from readily available starting materials via C–C bond formation. This review provides a comprehensive overview of this approach, covering the synthesis of alkanoic acids from alkyl (pseudo)halides, alkyl alcohol derivatives, isolable organometallic species, alkenes, and alkanes via C(sp3)–H bond activation. The versatility and practicality demonstrated for these methods underscores the significance of this approach in accessing valuable carboxylic acid derivatives from carbon dioxide.
22.2.5 Selenocarboxylic Acids and Derivatives (Update 2024)
Authors: Murai T. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Selenocarboxylic acids and their derivatives are the selenium isologues of carboxylic, thioic, carbamic, and carbonic acids, and the corresponding esters, amides, and ureas, and are distinguished by the presence of a C=Se bond. The synthesis of these selenium analogues primarily involves incorporating selenium atoms into precursor molecules. This can be achieved by reducing elemental selenium to produce Se2– species, which are then introduced into electrophilic species. Alternatively, carbon nucleophiles can directly bond with elemental selenium, forming carbon–selenium bonds. Compounds containing a P=Se bond, such as Woollins’ reagent, are used to substitute the oxygen in a C=O bond with selenium, creating a C=Se bond. Carbon diselenide (CSe2) is another agent used in synthesizing these derivatives. However, extreme caution is required when handling CSe2 due to its potent odor and toxicity.
22.3.5 Tellurocarboxylic Acids and Derivatives (Update 2024)
Authors: Murai T. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Tellurocarboxylic acids and their derivatives are tellurium isologues of carboxylic acids, esters, amides, carbonates, and carbamates wherein an oxygen atom of the C=O group in the original compounds is replaced with a tellurium atom. Their stabilities are generally low, and almost no new synthetic methods for them have been reported recently, although some theoretical studies have been published. Nevertheless, iminium salts generated from amides and selenoiminium salts are converted into telluroamides with a tellurating agent prepared from elemental tellurium and lithium aluminum hydride.
33.1.8.2 Alk-1-enyl Sulfides (Update 2024)
Authors: Kwiatkowska M. , Kiełbasiński P. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Alk-1-enyl sulfides are an interesting class of compounds that are widely used in organic synthesis. There are a large variety of methods for their preparation, employing both substrates and reagents as the sulfur source. Most recent advances (in the period 2006–2022) reported for the synthesis of alk-1-enyl sulfides have involved the preparation of variously substituted derivatives of the title compounds. The substituents include halogens (fluorine and polyfluoroalkyls, chlorine, bromine, and iodine), the nitro group, and acyloxy, ester, carboxy, sulfonyl, and amino groups. The application of various sulfur sources and synthetic strategies to form alk-1-enyl sulfides, and finally the synthesis of cyclic alk-1-enyl sulfides and polyene alk-1-enyl sulfides are also reported.
35.3.5.6 Synthesis of 1-Iodo-n-Heteroatom-Functionalized Alkanes (n ≥2) by Addition across C—X (X = O, N, S) or C—C Bonds (Update 2024)
Authors: Marciniszyn J. P. , Kretzschmar M. , Gulder T. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This review updates the previous Science of Synthesis contributions on the synthesis of 1-iodo-n-heteroatom-functionalized alkanes (n ≥2) that are formed by addition across C—O (Section 35.3.5.2), C—N (Section 35.3.5.3), C—S (Section 35.3.5.4), or C—C bonds (Section 35.3.5.5). Methods reported between 2007 and 2023 are described, with a focus on the ring opening of three- or four-membered cyclic systems.
Compact hard x-ray flash radiography device based on wire-shorted low-impedance rod pinch diode
Authors: Wang Tongquan , Shi Huantong , Zhang Peizhou , Wang Yizhu , Wang Dongsheng , Xu Ming , Li Xingwen , Wu Jian , Qiu Aici 
Published: July 2024

A rod pinch diode (RPD) is a feasible load configuration to generate a high-brightness, small-size hard x-ray radiation source. In this paper, the radiography performance of a wire-shorted low-impedance RPD on a compactly designed table-top driver (WRPD-1) is demonstrated for the first time. The driver consists of four high-power discharge branches connected in parallel, with each branch consisting of two metal-film capacitors and one multigap field-distortion switch in series. The four branches are triggered synchronously to generate a fast-rising current pulse: the inductance of the load section at the short circuit is ∼10 nH, and the short-circuit current amplitude is ∼325 kA at ±90 kV charging voltage, with a 10%–90% rise time of 110 ns. With a low-impedance RPD shorted by an 18-µm-diameter aluminum wire, a quasi-spherical x-ray focal spot with diameter &lt;0.6 mm (width of the half-maximum grayscale) and a pulse duration of ∼25 ns (half-width of the radiation pulse) is obtained at ±70 kV charging voltage, and the imaging resolution excels 10 lp/mm under 1.56× magnification. According to the transmission–absorption x-ray spectrum estimation, the average emitted photon energy is ∼30 keV with a distinct peak in the 10–15 keV range that corresponds to the L-lines of tungsten, and the total energy of photons &gt;10 keV reaches ∼1.16 J. The present results show that the device can serve well for the flash radiography diagnosis and potentially as an efficient light source for dynamic x-ray diffraction.
A methodology of quantifying membrane permeability based on returning probability theory and molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Matsubara Yuya , Okabe Ryo , Masayama Ren , Watanabe Nozomi Morishita , Umakoshi Hiroshi , Kasahara Kento , Matubayasi Nobuyuki 
Published: July 2024

We propose a theoretical approach to estimate the permeability coefficients of substrates (permeants) for crossing membranes from donor (D) phase to acceptor (A) phase by means of molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. A fundamental aspect of our approach involves reformulating the returning probability (RP) theory, a rigorous bimolecular reaction theory, to describe permeation phenomena. This reformulation relies on the parallelism between permeation and bimolecular reaction processes. In the present method, the permeability coefficient is represented in terms of the thermodynamic and kinetic quantities for the reactive (R) phase that exists within the inner region of a membrane. One can evaluate these quantities using multiple MD trajectories starting from phase R. We apply the RP theory to the permeation of ethanol and methylamine at different concentrations (infinitely dilute and 1 mol % conditions of permeants). Under the 1 mol% condition, the present method yields a larger permeability coefficient for ethanol (0.12 ± 0.01 cm s−1) than for methylamine (0.069 ± 0.006 cm s−1), while the values of the permeability coefficient are satisfactorily close to those obtained from the brute-force MD simulations (0.18 ± 0.03 and 0.052 ± 0.005 cm s−1 for ethanol and methylamine, respectively). Moreover, upon analyzing the thermodynamic and kinetic contributions to the permeability, we clarify that a higher concentration dependency of permeability for ethanol, as compared to methylamine, arises from the sensitive nature of ethanol’s free-energy barrier within the inner region of the membrane against ethanol concentration.
Electron cyclotron emission detection of neoclassical tearing modes for control for ITER
Authors: Ziegel J. P. , Rowan W. L. , Waelbroeck F. L. 
Published: July 2024

Successful operation of ITER requires control of magnetic instabilities including neoclassical tearing modes (NTMs) that can degrade confinement and lead to disruption. Low latency detection by electron cyclotron emission (ECE) diagnostics has been demonstrated in a few current experiments. Using a synthetic diagnostic, we demonstrate low latency NTM detection for ITER with plasmas described by ITER IMAS database scenarios and with realistic limitations imposed on the instrumentation by these high temperature scenarios. 2/1 NTMs are detected 430 ms after magnetic island seeding and before island locking. The radiometer configuration was optimized using simulation, and the smallest detectable island size was explored. Island sizes of ∼3 cm are detectable at the 2/1 surface. The simulated signals incorporate recent physics models for island growth and rotation, which show early locking and continued island growth after locking and before disruption. This work determines limits for ITER ECE spatial resolution imposed by relativistic broadening of channels, which informs hardware design. Real-time detection is demonstrated in hardware that is required by ITER, including on an NI PXI-7853R FPGA system. Development of a synthetic diagnostic and details of the hardware will be discussed.
Capture rates of highly degenerate neutrons
Authors: Knight B , Caballero O L , Schatz H 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
At the low temperature and high density conditions of a neutron star crust neutrons are degenerate. In this work, we study the effect of this degeneracy on the capture rates of neutrons on neutron rich nuclei in accreted crusts. We use a statistical Hauser–Feshbach model to calculate neutron capture rates and find that neutron degeneracy can increase rates significantly. Changes increase from a factor of a few to many orders of magnitude near the neutron drip line. We also quantify uncertainties due to model inputs for masses, γ-strength functions, and level densities. We find that uncertainties increase dramatically away from stability and that degeneracy tends to increase these uncertainties further, except for cases near the neutron drip line where degeneracy leads to more robustness. As in the case of capture of classically distributed neutrons, variations in the mass model have the strongest impact. Corresponding variations in the reaction rates can be as high as 3–4 orders of magnitude, and be more than 5 times larger than under classical conditions. To ease the incorporation of neutron degeneracy in nucleosynthesis networks, we provide tabulated results of capture rates as well as analytical expressions as function of temperature and neutron chemical potential, for proton numbers between 3 ≤ Z ≤ 85, derived from fits to our numerical results. Fits are based on a new parametrization that complements previously employed power law approximations with additional Lorentzian terms that account for low energy resonances, significantly improving accuracy.
Verification and validation of electrostatic turbulence simulation for numerical Lie transform code
Authors: Yang N , Wang J Q , Liu D J , Ye L , Qu H P , Wang F , Zhao P F , Wang G X 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This paper reports the verification and validation of a new gyrokinetic (GK) code, numerical Lie transform (NLT), for electrostatic turbulence simulation in tokamak plasmas. Based on the standard cyclone base case (CBC), NLT has been verified against two typical GK codes, GK toroidal code (GTC) and GK numerical experiment of tokamak, by simulating the ion temperature gradient mode and trapped electron mode. The linear dispersion relation and mode structure agree well among all these codes. In nonlinear simulation, the time evolution of ion heat diffusivity obtained from NLT is consistent with the GTC results. Furthermore, utilizing experimental equilibria with obvious turbulence features from HL-2A shot #22388, the validation of NLT for real tokamak simulation has been carried out. The profiles of ion turbulent thermal diffusivity calculated by NLT match well with experimental results.
Identification of combined sensor faults in structural health monitoring systems
Authors: Al-Nasser Heba , Al-Zuriqat Thamer , Dragos Kosmas , Geck Carlos Chillón , Smarsly Kay 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Fault diagnosis (FD), comprising fault detection, isolation, identification and accommodation, enables structural health monitoring (SHM) systems to operate reliably by allowing timely rectification of sensor faults that may cause data corruption or loss. Although sensor fault identification is scarce in FD of SHM systems, recent FD methods have included fault identification assuming one sensor fault at a time. However, real-world SHM systems may include combined faults that simultaneously affect individual sensors. This paper presents a methodology for identifying combined sensor faults occurring simultaneously in individual sensors. To improve the quality of FD and comprehend the causes leading to sensor faults, the identification of combined sensor faults (ICSF) methodology is based on a formal classification of the types of combined sensor faults. Specifically, the ICSF methodology builds upon long short-term memory (LSTM) networks, i.e. a type of recurrent neural networks, used for classifying ‘sequences’, such as sets of acceleration measurements. The ICSF methodology is validated using real-world acceleration measurements from an SHM system installed on a bridge, demonstrating the capability of the LSTM networks in identifying combined sensor faults, thus improving the quality of FD in SHM systems. Future research aims to decentralize the ICSF methodology and to reformulate the classification models in a mathematical form with an explanation interface, using explainable artificial intelligence, for increased transparency.
Air quality prediction based on improved quantum long short-term memory neural networks
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Authors: Li Feifei , Dong Yumin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Accurate prediction of urban air quality is of vital importance in preventing urban air pollution and improving the quality of life of urban residents. In order to achieve more accurate prediction of air quality, this study proposes a novel hybrid quantum neural network prediction model that combines an improved complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (ICEEMDAN) and a quantum long short-term memory network (QLSTM) optimized by the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm.This study focuses on using the QLSTM model to mine the time-real fluctuations and historical dependence of air quality data and applying the PSO algorithm to optimize the hyper-parameters of the quantum model to improve the prediction accuracy; then, ICEEMDAN is introduced to disassemble the original air quality data series into multiple pattern components containing different information, which effectively reduces the complexity of the data; the feasibility and validity of the proposed methodology are verified through comparison experiments with other prediction modeling methods. The results show that the proposed QLSTM prediction method incorporating ICEEMDAN and PSO optimization has the highest prediction accuracy in terms of prediction accuracy, which contributes a novel and quantum-specific technical approach to the field of air quality prediction.
Dynamics, periodic orbits of a novel four-dimensional hyperchaotic system with hidden attractors
Authors: Wei Dianshuang , Dong Chengwei 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In recent years, the investigation of systems featuring hidden attractors and coexisting attractors has garnered significant attention. This paper presents a novel four-dimensional (4D) hyperchaotic system devoid of equilibrium points, achieved by formulating an equation without a solution or constructing a system without fixed points. Due to the complex shape of this attractor, a novel coding method is utilized to establish symbol dynamics using eight letters. The proposed system exhibits highly intricate dynamics, including variations in topological structure with alterations in system parameters, as well as an exploration and discussion of four types of coexisting attractors. Our extensive practice has led us to propose a new conjecture: hyperchaotic systems with parameters close to the bifurcation point frequently display multistable states. Furthermore, the unstable periodic orbits with different topological lengths in the hidden hyperchaotic attractor are calculated systematically using the variational method. Additionally, the DSP circuit implementation is employed to validate the numerical simulation results for this new 4D system. Finally, adaptive synchronization is successfully realized within the system, thereby confirming its feasibility.