bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transverse Retropalatal Collapsibility Is Associated with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Severity and Outcome of Relocation Pharyngoplasty
Authors: Chen Hung‐Chin , Lee Li‐Ang , Hsin Li‐Jen , Lin Wan‐Ni , Fang Tuan‐Jen , Huang Chung‐Guei , Li Hsueh‐Yu 
Published: August 2015

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate whether the retropalatal airway shape and collapsibility defined by awake nasopharyngoscopy with Müller’s maneuver were associated with apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI), positional dependency, and surgical outcome of relocation pharyngoplasty in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.Study DesignCase series with planned data collection.SettingTertiary referral center.Subjects and MethodsA total of 45 obstructive sleep apnea patients were included who underwent conservative treatment (n = 13) or relocation pharyngoplasty (n = 32), and their baseline and postoperative polysomnographies and awake nasopharyngoscopies with Müller’s maneuver were reviewed. Shape ratio (transverse diameter [TD] / longitudinal diameter [LD]) in the stationary and Müller’s phases and collapsibility (ColTD and ColLD) of the airway at the level of the uvular base were measured with a picture archiving and communication system. Intra‐ and interrater reliabilities were assessed. Associations among nasopharyngoscopic measurements, AHI, positional dependency, and surgical success (defined as a reduction of AHI ≥50% and a postoperative AHI ≤20/h) were statistically analyzed.ResultsReliability tests indicated substantial agreements of all nasopharyngoscopic measurements between raters and within raters. A higher baseline ColTD was significantly associated with an elevated AHI (r = 0.49, P =. 001), whereas a lower postoperative ColTD was significantly related to surgical success (r = −0.38, P =. 034). Nasopharyngoscopic findings were not statistically significantly correlated with positional dependency.ConclusionTransverse retropalatal collapsibility measured by awake nasopharyngoscopy with Müller’s maneuver helps to predict individuals with moderate to severe sleep apnea and surgical outcome.
Role of Maternal Allergy on Immune Markers in Colostrum and Secretory Immunoglobulin A in Stools of Breastfed Infants
Authors: Hua Man-Chin , Chen Chien-Chang , Yao Tsung-Chieh , Tsai Ming-Han , Liao Sui-Ling , Lai Shen-Hao , Chiu Chih-Yung , Yeh Kuo-Wei , Huang Jing-Long 
Published: August 2015

Background: Although protection against infectious diseases has been observed among breastfed infants as compared to formula-fed infants, possible benefits of breastfeeding by allergic mothers for allergy prevention remain controversial. Objectives: The aims of this study were to determine whether maternal allergy would influence immune markers (secretory immunoglobulin A [sIgA], interleukin-8 [IL-8], soluble CD14 [sCD14]) in colostrum and the associations between maternal allergy and fecal sIgA levels in breastfed infants. Methods: Study subjects were enrolled from the Prediction of Allergies in Taiwanese Children (PATCH) birth cohort study. Colostrum samples were obtained from 98 lactating mothers. Stool samples were collected from 108 infants within 5 days after birth and at 2 and 4 months of age. We compared concentrations of sIgA, IL-8, and sCD14 in colostrum between mothers with and without a history of allergic disease and allergic sensitization. We also compared fecal sIgA levels between breastfed and formula-fed infants and between infants with allergic and nonallergic mothers. Results: The sIgA concentrations were significantly higher in colostrum from allergic mothers than from nonallergic mothers ( P = .01) and from allergic mothers who were immunoglobulin E (IgE) sensitized compared to nonallergic mothers who were not IgE sensitized ( P = .023). Breastfed infants had significantly higher fecal sIgA levels as compared to formula-fed infants, regardless of whether their lactating mothers had an allergy ( P < .05). Conclusion: We found that breastfeeding is associated with increased infants’ fecal sIgA levels and may have potential protective effects to the infants during the first 4 months of life, regardless of whether their lactating mothers have allergies.
A novel mechanism for NETosis provides antimicrobial defense at the oral mucosa
Authors: Mohanty Tirthankar , Sjögren Jonathan , Kahn Fredrik , Abu-Humaidan Anas H. A. , Fisker Niels , Assing Kristian , Mörgelin Matthias , Bengtsson Anders A. , Borregaard Niels , Sørensen Ole E. 
Published: August 2015

Key PointsSaliva induces bactericidal and DNase resistant NETs in the oral cavity via sialyl LewisX- L-selectin signaling. Disordered homeostasis in the oral cavity may lead to deficient saliva-mediated NETosis.
Clinical and prognostic significance of 3q26.2 and other chromosome 3 abnormalities in CML in the era of tyrosine kinase inhibitors
Authors: Wang Wei , Cortes Jorge E. , Lin Pei , Beaty Michael W. , Ai Di , Amin Hesham M. , McDonnell Timothy J. , Ok Chi Young , Kantarjian Hagop M. , Medeiros L. Jeffrey , Hu Shimin 
Published: August 2015

Key PointsThe emergence of 3q26.2 rearrangements in CML is associated with resistance to TKI treatment and poor prognosis. 3q26.2 rearrangements play a predominant role in determining prognosis, irrelevant to the presence or absence of other additional chromosomal abnormalities in CML.
OrthoFinder: solving fundamental biases in whole genome comparisons dramatically improves orthogroup inference accuracy
Authors: Emms David M. , Kelly Steven 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIdentifying homology relationships between sequences is fundamental to biological research. Here we provide a novel orthogroup inference algorithm called OrthoFinder that solves a previously undetected gene length bias in orthogroup inference, resulting in significant improvements in accuracy. Using real benchmark datasets we demonstrate that OrthoFinder is more accurate than other orthogroup inference methods by between 8 % and 33 %. Furthermore, we demonstrate the utility of OrthoFinder by providing a complete classification of transcription factor gene families in plants revealing 6.9 million previously unobserved relationships.
The Role of Bone Marrow Fat in Skeletal Health: Usefulness and Perspectives for Clinicians
Authors: Paccou Julien , Hardouin Pierre , Cotten Anne , Penel Guillaume , Cortet Bernard 
Published: August 2015

Context:There is growing interest in the relationship between bone marrow fat (BMF), bone mineral density (BMD), and fractures. Moreover, BMF might be influenced by metabolic diseases associated with bone loss and fractures, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), anorexia nervosa (AN), and obesity.Methods:The primary-source literature for this review was acquired using a PubMed search for articles published between January 2000 and April 2015. Search terms included BMF, BMD, fractures, T2DM, AN, and obesity. The titles and abstracts of all articles were reviewed for relevant subjects.Results:Magnetic resonance imaging, with or without spectroscopy, was used to noninvasively quantify BMF in humans. A negative relationship was found between BMD and BMF in both healthy and osteopenic/osteoporotic populations. Data are lacking on the relationship between BMF and fractures. Studies in populations of individuals with metabolic diseases such as T2DM, AN, and obesity have shown BMF abnormalities.Conclusions:We conclude that most human data demonstrate an inverse relationship between BMF and BMD, but data on the relationship with fractures are inconsistent and need further study. In daily practice, the usefulness for clinicians of assessing BMF using magnetic resonance imaging is still limited. However, the perspectives are exciting, particularly in terms of improving the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis.
Science and the media
Authors: Naumann Thomas 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Science seeks and needs the attention of the public and the media, and the media are eager for news from the world of research. This sometimes seduces scientists to communicate their results in early stages of their work and may bring them into the situation of the sorcerer's apprentice – they can’t get rid of the ghosts they called. We give some recent examples of early or doubtful communication in physics and ask for a responsible cooperation of science and the media which takes care of the peculiarities of the scientific process.
Spectral rigidity for primitive elements of FN
Authors: Horbez Camille 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Two trees in the boundary of outer space are said to be primitive-equivalent whenever their translation length functions are equal in restriction to the set of primitive elements of FN
. We give an explicit description of this equivalence relation, showing in particular that it is nontrivial. This question is motivated by our description of the horoboundary of outer space for the Lipschitz metric in [`The horoboundary of outer space, and growth under random
automorphisms', preprint (2014)]. In proving this, we extend a theorem due to White about the Lipschitz metric on outer space to trees in the boundary, showing that the infimal Lipschitz constant of an FN
-equivariant map between the metric completion of any two minimal, very small FN
-trees is equal to the supremal ratio between the translation lengths of the elements of FN
in these trees. We also provide approximation results for trees in the boundary of outer space.
An unusual case of hereditary nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (HNDI) affecting mother and daughter
Authors: Giri Dinesh , Hart Rachel , Jones Caroline , Ellis Ian , Ramakrishnan Renuka 
Published: August 2015

AbstractHereditary nephrogenic diabetes iInsipidus (HNDI) is an uncommon disorder due to a resistance to anti-diuretic hormone leading to a reduced urinary concentrating ability. The X-linked form is fully expressed in hemizygous male patients, but diabetes insipidus may also present in heterozygous females where it must be distinguished from autosomal and other secondary causes. We report a mother and daughter in the same family with HNDI due to a heterozygous deletion in exon 1 of the
Anti-Cancer and Immunostimulatory Activity of Chromones
and Other Constituents from Cassia petersiana
Authors: Gamal-Eldeen Amira M. , Djemgou Pierre C. , Tchuendem Marguérite , Ngadjui Bonaventure T. , Tane Pierre , Toshifumi Hirata 
Published: August 2015

Phytochemical investigation of Cassia petersiana Bolle leaves afforded four new compounds,
including two chromone derivatives, 7-acetonyl-5-hydroxy-2-methylchromone (petersinone
1, 1) and 7-(propan-2ʹ-ol-1ʹ-yl)-5-hydroxy-2-methylchromone (petersinone 2, 2),
two benzoic acid derivatives, 5-methyl-3-(propan-2ʹ-on-1ʹ-yl) benzoic acid (petersinone 3, 3)
and 5-(methoxymethyl)-3-(propan-2ʹ-ol-1ʹ-yl) benzoic acid (petersinone 4, 4), and glyceryl-
1-tetracosanoate (6), in addition to the known compound sistosterol-3-β-ᴅ-glycoside (5). The
structures of these compounds were determined by comprehensive NMR studies, including
DEPT, COSY, HMQC, HMBC, MS and IR.
Compounds 1, 2, 5 and 6 were tested for antioxidant, anti-cancer and immunostimulatory
properties. The biological investigations indicated that compound 6, among others, possessed
the highest anti-cancer activity against hepatocellular carcinoma, immunoproliferative activity
via induction of T-lymphocytes and macrophage proliferation, anti-inflammatory activity
as indicated by NO inhibition, and antioxidant activity against DPPH radicals. Moreover,
compound 5 was the most effective cytotoxic compound against breast carcinoma and stimulated
a consistent immunoproliferative effect on lymphocytes and macrophages combined
with strong NO inhibitory activity, while compound 1 was promising as immunoproliferative
agent and may act as anti-inflammatory agent as a consequence of its NO inhibitory activity.
Ultra-Low-Energy Straintronics Using Multiferroic Composites
Authors: Roy Kuntal 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTThe primary impediment to continued improvement of charge-based electronics is the excessive energy dissipation incurred in switching a bit of information. With suitable choice of materials, devices made of multiferroic composites, i.e., strain-coupled piezoelectric-magnetostrictive heterostructures, dissipate miniscule amount of energy of ∼1 attojoule at room-temperature, while switching in sub-nanosecond delay. Apart from devising memory bits, such devices can be also utilized for building logic, so that they can be deemed suitable for computing purposes as well. Here, we first review the current state of the art for building nanoelectronics using multiferroic composites. On a recent development, it is shown that these multiferroic straintronic devices can be also utilized for analog signal processing, with suitable choice of materials. By solving stochastic Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation of magnetization dynamics at room-temperature, it is shown that we can achieve a voltage gain, i.e., these straintronic devices can act as voltage amplifiers.
Leakage Current and Reliability on Planar High-k Capacitor with Al2O3 Dielectric Deposited by Thermal-ALD
Authors: Madassamy S. , Voiron F. , Nguyen A. P. , Lefèvre A. , Parat G. , Buttard D. , Sylvestre A. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTDue to its wide band-gap, Al2O3 is known to have a moderate leakage current and a good dielectric strength [1]. Moreover, this dielectric has a fair permittivity and so constitutes interesting candidate as dielectric for Metal-Insulator-Metal (MIM) capacitor. Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) allows obtaining a dense and thin Al2O3 amorphous layer. ALD limits problems of interlayer diffusion because Al2O3 is deposited underneath 400°C [2] which is essential when MIM are co-integrated with temperature sensitive structures.The aim of our investigation is to attempt to tie aluminum oxide properties dielectric with reliability from the help of capacitors of the entire wafer. In this way, conduction mechanism analysis and capacitance measurements were statistically led on the wafer. We particularly focus our study on the quantification of defects and their influence on the leakage current in planar capacitor. Firstly, to estimate the fixed oxide charges densities in the bulk of Al2O3 and to analyze conduction mechanism, Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (MOS) (Al/Al2O3/HR-Si) is developed. Then, a MIM stack (Al/TiN/Al2O3/TiN/HR-Si) is developed in order to evaluate the leakage current and the electrical reliability of thin films Al2O3 based MIM capacitors. Different performances are observed according to the area on the wafer. That could be explained by the quality of the Al2O3 layer and the interfaces between TiN and the oxide.
Applications of Ultrasound to Materials Chemistry
Authors: Suslick Kenneth S. 
Published: August 2015

This article will begin with an introduction to acoustic cavitation, the physical phenomenon responsible for the chemical effects of ultrasound. Some recent applications of sonochemistry to the synthesis of nanophase and amorphous metals, as well as to heterogenous catalysis, will then be highlighted. Finally, we will examine the effects of ultrasound on metal powders in liquid-solid slurries.The chemical effects of ultrasound do not come from a direct interaction of sound with molecular species. Ultrasound has frequencies from around 15 kilohertz to tens of megahertz. In liquids, this means wavelengths from centimeters down to microns, which are not molecular dimensions. Instead, when sound passes through a liquid, the formation, growth, and implosive collapse of bubbles can occur, as depicted in Figure 1. This process is called acoustic cavitation.More specifically, sound passing through a liquid consists of expansion waves and compression waves. As sound passes through a liquid, if the expansion wave is intense enough (that is, if the sound is loud enough), it can pull the liquid apart and form a bubble (a cavity). The compression wave comes along and compresses this cavity, then another expansion wave re-expands it. So we have an oscillating bubble going back and forth, say, 20,000 times a second.
Intensification of Oil Production Based on Invert-Emulsion Solution with Simultaneous Use of Acid Composition
Authors: Sergeev Vitaly 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Field results of the developed complex intensification technology with application to carbonate reservoirs are presented in this article. The effect of this technology is obtained by complex treatment of the bottomhole zone (BHZ) with two types of specially selected chemical compositions (invert-emulsion solution (IES) and acid composition). These solutions are meant to restrict water inflow from high-permeability and fractured layers and secondly increase permeability of low-permeability zones. Based on the obtained results some criteria of choosing candidate wells for acid treatment with preliminary isolation IES for carbonate fractured and vuggy type reservoir rocks are defined. Moreover, a detailed treatment procedure design, for carbonate reservoirs by acid compositions and simultaneous restriction of water inflows (IES), is developed. Results are very promising, based on the Pashninsky field probation, the developed complex technology helps to increase average production rate by a factor of 2 and decrease water cut on average of 14%. We envision that future development of this technology lies in a realm of enhanced oil recovery technologies. Such development can be achieved by increasing injection volume in two stage through cluster pumping station to injection wells.
Problem and Solution: Artificial Lift Technology in Polymer Flooding
Authors: Zhongxian Hao , Gang Cao , Lianyu Wang , Mingzhan Chen , Yuan Fu , He Liu 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Suffering from serious rod-tubing eccentric wear, polymer-flooding wells usually have an average maintenance cycle of only 2-3 months. Analysis indicates that since the wellbore fluid causes a relatively large friction to the pump and rod in polymer-flooding production wells, rod-string buckling is likely to occur during the down-stroke. In addition, the normal force difference will make collision between rod and tubing more frequently, which in turn aggravate the rod fatigue and rod-tubing wear. A special downhole pump newly developed and rod-string optimization for polymer-flooding production wells together work well in reducing the system load, rod-tubing contact and wear. The rod-tubing wear of PCP wells is reduced through structure parameter optimization, application of equal-wall thickness PCP, pump-type optimization, etc. After a series of remedial measures and scale application, the failure rate of artificial lift systems in polymer-flooding has been significantly reduced, and the mean-time-between-failure (MTBF) increased to more than a year and a half in the study area. This technology is of great significance for the wide application of polymer-flooding and further improvement of tertiary oil recovery profit.
A Globally and Superlinearly Convergent Primal-dual Interior Point Method for General Constrained Optimization
Authors: Li Jianling , Lv Jian , Jian Jinbao 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn this paper, a primal-dual interior point method is proposed for general constrained optimization, which incorporated a penalty function and a kind of new identification technique of the active set. At each iteration, the proposed algorithm only needs to solve two or three reduced systems of linear equations with the same coefficient matrix. The size of systems of linear equations can be decreased due to the introduction of the working set, which is an estimate of the active set. The penalty parameter is automatically updated and the uniformly positive definiteness condition on the Hessian approximation of the Lagrangian is relaxed. The proposed algorithm possesses global and superlinear convergence under some mild conditions. Finally, some preliminary numerical results are reported.
Répondre à la vulnérabilité: Paul Ricœur et les éthiques du care en dialogue
Authors: Sautereau Cyndie 
Published: August 2015

Nous voudrions, à partir de la prise en compte de la vulnérabilité humaine et de la réponse à y apporter, questionner la conception ricœurienne de l’homme capable.Au sein des théories morales contemporaines dominantes, la vulnérabilité fait figure d’oubliée. C’est en effet plutôt à partir d’une conception de l’individu considéré comme autonome qu’elles se sont élaborées. Pourtant, qui n’a pas expérimenté au cours de sa vie des périodes de vulnérabilité ? L’enfance peut, à cet égard, être tenue pour paradigmatique. C’est cette expérience humaine universelle de fragilité que les éthiques du care visent à penser et dont elles cherchent à rendre visible la valeur morale. Elles partent du constat qu’en tant qu’êtres incarnés, nous avons besoin des autres pour satisfaire nos besoins fondamentaux. Humains, nous sommes des êtres de relation : nous dépendons des autres. Ce qui nous porte, ce qui permet à la vie de se maintenir, c’est le souci (care) dont d’autres font preuve à notre endroit, c’est-à-dire l’attention à nos besoins et l’activité pratique consistant à y répondre, autrement dit, une « capacité de care ».Or, si Ricœur, dans son anthropologie philosophique, fait certes la part belle à la vulnérabilité, s’il reconnaît que l’homme capable est tout autant homme fragile, quelle réponse, cependant, apporte-t-il à la vulnérabilité ? Certes, il nous montre que les capacités humaines (à dire, à faire, à se raconter, à être responsable) peuvent faire place à leur envers : la capacité à dire, par exemple, se muer en impuissance à maîtriser le verbe. Il reconnaît donc tout à fait que l’actualisation de nos pouvoirs n’est pas garantie. Mais, voudrions-nous demander : qu’est-ce qui vient alors soutenir ces pouvoirs ? Qu’est-ce qui leur permet de se déployer ? Qu’est-ce qui leur permet de se restaurer ? Prenant appui sur les éthiques du care, nous nous proposons de développer l’hypothèse selon laquelle l’actualisation des pouvoirs du soi dépendrait, fondamentalement, de relations de care. Les différentes capacités humaines que Ricœur décline et déploie ne sont-elles pas, au fond, soutenues par la capacité de care dont dépend, du début à la fin de sa vie, le soi ?
Human therapeutic cloning, pitfalls and lack luster because of rapid developments in induced pluripotent stem cell technology
Authors: Hua Song , Chung Henry , Sidhu Kuldip 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Background: Therapeutic cloning is the combination of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) and embryonic stem cell (ES) techniques to create specific ES cells that match those of a patient. Because ES cells derived by nuclear transfer (SCNT ES cells) are genetically identical to the donor, it will not generate rejection by the host’s immune system and thus therapeutically may be more acceptable. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS) are a type of pluripotent stem cell artificially derived from an adult somatic cell by inducing a forced expression of a set of specific pluripotent genes. In the past few years, rapid progress in reprogramming and iPS technology has been made, and it seems to shadow any progress made in SCNT programs.
Objective: This review compares the application perspective of SCNT with that of iPS in regenerative medicine.
Methods:We conducted a literature search using the MEDLINE (PubMed), Wiley InterScience, Springer, EBSCO, and Annual Reviews databases using the keywords “iPS”, “ES”, “SCNT” “induced pluripotent stem cells”, “embryonic stem cells”, “therapeutic cloning”, “regenerative medicine”, and “somatic cell nuclear transfer”. Only articles published in English were included in this review.
Results: These two methods both have advantages and disadvantages. Nevertheless, by using SCNT to generate patient-specific cell lines, it eliminates complications by avoiding the use of viral vectors during iPS generation. Success in in vitro matured eggs from aged women and even differentiation of oocytes from germ stem cells will further enhance the application of SCNT in regenerative medicine.
Conclusion: Human SCNT may be an appropriate mean of generating patient stem cell lines for clinical therapy in the near future.