bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tackling inequalities in obesity: a protocol for a systematic review of the effectiveness of public health interventions at reducing socioeconomic inequalities in obesity among adults
Authors: Bambra Clare L , Hillier Frances C , Moore Helen J , Cairns-Nagi Joanne-Marie , Summerbell Carolyn D 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Background
Socioeconomic inequalities in obesity and associated risk factors for obesity are widening throughout developed countries worldwide. Tackling obesity is high on the public health agenda both in the United Kingdom and internationally. However, what works in terms of interventions that are able to reduce inequalities in obesity is lacking.

Methods/Design
The review will examine public health interventions at the individual, community and societal level that might reduce inequalities in obesity among adults aged 18 years and over, in any setting and in any country. The following electronic databases will be searched: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Social Science Citation Index, ASSIA, IBSS, Sociological Abstracts, and the NHS Economic Evaluation Database. Database searches will be supplemented with website and gray literature searches. No studies will be excluded based on language, country or publication date. Randomized and non-randomized controlled trials, prospective and retrospective cohort studies (with/without control groups) and prospective repeat cross-sectional studies (with/without control groups) that have a primary outcome that is a proxy for body fatness and have examined differential effects with regard to socioeconomic status (education, income, occupation, social class, deprivation, poverty) or where the intervention has been targeted specifically at disadvantaged groups or deprived areas will be included. Study inclusion, data extraction and quality appraisal will be conducted by two reviewers. Meta-analysis and narrative synthesis will be conducted. The main analysis will examine the effects of 1) individual, 2) community and 3) societal level public health interventions on socioeconomic inequalities in adult obesity. Interventions will be characterized by their level of action and their approach to tackling inequalities. Contextual information on how such public health interventions are organized, implemented and delivered will also be examined.

Discussion
The review will provide evidence, and reveal any gaps in the evidence base, of public health strategies which reduce and prevent inequalities in the prevalence of obesity in adults and provide information on the organization, implementation and delivery of such interventions.

Systematic review registration
PROSPERO registration number:CRD42013003612
What is the influence on water quality in temperate eutrophic lakes of a reduction of planktivorous and benthivorous fish? A systematic review protocol
Authors: Bernes Claes , Carpenter Stephen R , Gårdmark Anna , Larsson Per , Persson Lennart , Skov Christian , Van Donk Ellen 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Background
In lakes that have become eutrophic due to sewage discharges or nutrient runoff from land, problems such as algal blooms and oxygen deficiency often persist even when nutrient supplies have been reduced. One reason is that phosphorus stored in the sediments can exchange with the water. There are indications that the high abundance of phytoplankton, turbid water and lack of submerged vegetation seen in many eutrophic lakes may represent a semi-stable state. For that reason, a shift back to more natural clear-water conditions could be difficult to achieve.
In some cases, though, temporary mitigation of eutrophication-related problems has been accomplished through biomanipulation: stocks of zooplanktivorous fish have been reduced by intensive fishing, leading to increased populations of phytoplankton-feeding zooplankton. Moreover, reduction of benthivorous fish may result in lower phosphorus fluxes from the sediments. An alternative to reducing the dominance of planktivores and benthivores by fishing is to stock lakes with piscivorous fish. These two approaches have often been used in combination.
The implementation of the EU Water Framework Directive has recently led to more stringent demands for measures against eutrophication, and a systematic review could clarify whether biomanipulation is efficient as a measure of that kind.

Methods
The review will examine primary field studies of how large-scale biomanipulation has affected water quality and community structure in eutrophic lakes or reservoirs in temperate regions. Such studies can be based on comparison between conditions before and after manipulation, on comparison between treated and non-treated water bodies, or both. Relevant outcomes include Secchi depth, concentrations of oxygen, nutrients, suspended solids and chlorophyll, abundance and composition of phytoplankton, zooplankton and fish, and coverage of submerged macrophytes.
Generating metadata from web documents: a systematic approach
Authors: Hsueh Hsiang-Yuan , Chen Chun-Nan , Huang Kun-Fu 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIn this paper, a mechanism generating RDF Semantic Web schema from Web document set as the semantic metadata is proposed. Analyzing both the structural and un-structural content of Web documents, semi-structured Web documents can be conceptualized as resource objects with inter-relationships in RDF diagram. Technically, hyperlinks, basic annotations, and keywords in web documents will be properly analyzed, and corresponding RDF schema will be generated following the mechanism and rules proposed in this paper. It is expected that with the semantic metadata of document sets on the Web being systematically translated instead of manually edited, the semantic operation on the Web, such as semantic query or semantic search, will be possible in the future.
Patient centred care in diabetology: an Islamic perspective from Iran
Authors: Larijani Bagher , Zahedi Farzaneh 
Published: May 2013

AbstractPatient-centred system of care is essential in managing many disorders such as diabetes mellitus. The cultural and religious context can influence the involvement of patients and their families in such a care. We intend to discuss patient-centred care in diabetology in view of Islam. For more clarification, we will take into consideration a few illustrative lines of argument in detail about situation in Iran. In conclusion, dynamic spirit of Islamic jurisprudence is reflected in its adaptability to change in medical practice. In recent decades, Iranian religious scholars have provided scientists in new fields of science and research with appropriate directions and guidelines. Decree issued by Iranian religious leaders permitting research on stem cells for therapeutic purposes in many disorders including diabetes mellitus is one example. Understanding of the nature of Islam is importance for communication with patients in Islamic countries.
Some coupled common fixed points for a pair of mappings in partially ordered G-metric spaces
Authors: Chandok Sumit , Sintunavarat Wutiphol , Kumam Poom 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to establish some coupled coincidence point theorems for a pair of mappings having a mixed g-monotone property in partially ordered G-metric spaces. Also, we present a result on the existence and uniqueness of coupled common fixed points. The results presented in the paper generalize and extend several well-known results in the literature. To illustrate our results, we give some examples.
Genome of the long-living sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.)
Authors: Ming Ray , VanBuren Robert , Liu Yanling , Yang Mei , Han Yuepeng , Li Lei-Ting , Zhang Qiong , Kim Min-Jeong , Schatz Michael C , Campbell Michael , Li Jingping , Bowers John E , Tang Haibao , Lyons Eric , Ferguson Ann A , Narzisi Giuseppe , Nelson David R , Blaby-Haas Crysten E , Gschwend Andrea R , Jiao Yuannian , Der Joshua P , Zeng Fanchang , Han Jennifer , Min Xiang Jia , Hudson Karen A , Singh Ratnesh , Grennan Aleel K , Karpowicz Steven J , Watling Jennifer R , Ito Kikukatsu , Robinson Sharon A , Hudson Matthew E , Yu Qingyi , Mockler Todd C , Carroll Andrew , Zheng Yun , Sunkar Ramanjulu , Jia Ruizong , Chen Nancy , Arro Jie , Wai Ching Man , Wafula Eric , Spence Ashley , Han Yanni , Xu Liming , Zhang Jisen , Peery Rhiannon , Haus Miranda J , Xiong Wenwei , Walsh James A , Wu Jun , Wang Ming-Li , Zhu Yun J , Paull Robert E , Britt Anne B , Du Chunguang , Downie Stephen R , Schuler Mary A , Michael Todd P , Long Steve P , Ort Donald R , William Schopf J , Gang David R , Jiang Ning , Yandell Mark , dePamphilis Claude W , Merchant Sabeeha S , Paterson Andrew H , Buchanan Bob B , Li Shaohua , Shen-Miller Jane 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Background
Sacred lotus is a basal eudicot with agricultural, medicinal, cultural and religious importance. It was domesticated in Asia about 7,000 years ago, and cultivated for its rhizomes and seeds as a food crop. It is particularly noted for its 1,300-year seed longevity and exceptional water repellency, known as the lotus effect. The latter property is due to the nanoscopic closely packed protuberances of its self-cleaning leaf surface, which have been adapted for the manufacture of a self-cleaning industrial paint, Lotusan.

Results
The genome of the China Antique variety of the sacred lotus was sequenced with Illumina and 454 technologies, at respective depths of 101× and 5.2×. The final assembly has a contig N50 of 38.8 kbp and a scaffold N50 of 3.4 Mbp, and covers 86.5% of the estimated 929 Mbp total genome size. The genome notably lacks the paleo-triplication observed in other eudicots, but reveals a lineage-specific duplication. The genome has evidence of slow evolution, with a 30% slower nucleotide mutation rate than observed in grape. Comparisons of the available sequenced genomes suggest a minimum gene set for vascular plants of 4,223 genes. Strikingly, the sacred lotus has 16 COG2132 multi-copper oxidase family proteins with root-specific expression; these are involved in root meristem phosphate starvation, reflecting adaptation to limited nutrient availability in an aquatic environment.

Conclusions
The slow nucleotide substitution rate makes the sacred lotus a better resource than the current standard, grape, for reconstructing the pan-eudicot genome, and should therefore accelerate comparative analysis between eudicots and monocots.
Day-to-day associations between subjective sleep and affect in regard to future depressionin a female population-based sample
Authors: de Wild-Hartmann Jessica A. , Wichers Marieke , van Bemmel Alex L. , Derom Catherine , Thiery Evert , Jacobs Nele , van Os Jim , Simons Claudia J. P. 
Published: May 2013

BackgroundPoor sleep is a risk factor for depression, but little is known about the underlying mechanisms.AimsDisentangling potential mechanisms by which sleep may be related to depression by zooming downto the ‘micro-level’ of within-person daily life patterns of subjective sleep and affect usingthe experience sampling method (ESM).MethodA population-based twin sample consisting of 553 women underwent a 5-day baseline ESM protocolassessing subjective sleep and affect together with four follow-up assessments of depression.ResultsSleep was associated with affect during the next day, especially positive affect. Daytime negative affect was not associated with subsequent night-time sleep. Baseline sleep predicted depressive symptoms across the follow-up period.ConclusionsThe subtle, repetitive impact of sleep on affect on a daily basis, rather than the subtle repetitive impact of affect on sleep, may be one of the factors on the pathway to depression in women.
Research Resource: Small RNA-seq of Human Granulosa Cells Reveals miRNAs in FSHR and Aromatase Genes
Authors: Velthut-Meikas Agne , Simm Jaak , Tuuri Timo , Tapanainen Juha S. , Metsis Madis , Salumets Andres 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
The granulosa cells in the mammalian ovarian follicle respond to gonadotropin signaling and are involved in the processes of folliculogenesis and oocyte maturation. Studies on gene expression and regulation in human granulosa cells are of interest due to their potential for estimating the oocyte viability and in vitro fertilization success. However, the posttranscriptional gene expression studies on micro-RNA (miRNA) level in the human ovary have been scarce. The current study determined the miRNA profile by deep sequencing of the 2 intrafollicular somatic cell types: mural and cumulus granulosa cells (MGCs and CGCs, respectively) isolated from women undergoing controlled ovarian stimulation and in vitro fertilization. Altogether, 936 annotated and 9 novel miRNAs were identified. Ninety of the annotated miRNAs were differentially expressed between MGCs and CGCs. Bioinformatic prediction revealed that TGFβ, ErbB signaling, and heparan sulfate biosynthesis were targeted by miRNAs in both granulosa cell populations, whereas extracellular matrix remodeling, Wnt, and neurotrophin signaling pathways were enriched among miRNA targets in MGCs. Two of the nine novel miRNAs found were of intronic origin: one from the aromatase and the other from the FSH receptor gene. The latter miRNA was predicted to target the activin signaling pathway. In addition to revealing the genome-wide miRNA signature in human granulosa cells, our results suggest that posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression by miRNAs could play an important role in the modification of gonadotropin signaling. miRNA expression studies could therefore lead to new prognostic markers in assisted reproductive technologies.
PTEN is involved in modulation of vasculogenesis in early chick embryos
Authors: Li Yan , Wang Xiao-yu , Wu Ting , Chuai Manli , Lee Kenneth Ka Ho , Wang Li-jing , Yang Xuesong 
Published: May 2013

Summary
PTEN is a tumor suppressor gene that is mutated and/or deleted in many types of tumor. This gene also plays a very distinct role in the early stages of embryonic development such as cell migration, proliferation and migration. Nevertheless, little is known of the function of PTEN in vasculogenesis during chick embryonic development. In this study, we used in situ hybridization to first demonstrate the expression pattern of PTEN during gastrulation. PTEN was found mainly expressed in the blood islands of area opaca, the neural tube and mesodermal structures. Overexpression of PTEN obstructed the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in the primitive streak. EMT is the first prerequisite required for the emigration of hemangioblasts during vasculogenesis. When PTEN expression was silenced, we observed that it produced an adverse effect on mesodermal cell emigration to the extra-embryonic blood islands. In addition, we also demonstrated that even if the perturbed-PTEN cells did not affect the formation of blood islands, migrant mesodermal cells overexpressing wt PTEN-GFP had difficulties integrating into the blood islands. Instead, these cells were either localized on the periphery of the blood islands or induced to differentiate into endothelial cells if they managed to integrate into blood islands. Development of the intra-embryonic primary vascular plexus was also affected by overexpression of PTEN. We proposed that it was elevated PTEN lipid phosphatase activity that was responsible for the morphogenetic defects induced by PTEN overexpression. In this context, we did not find PTEN affecting VEGF signaling. In sum, our study has provided evidence that PTEN is involved in vasculogenesis during the early stages of chick embryo development.
Oxidative stress, photodamage and the role of screening pigments in insect eyes
Authors: Insausti Teresita C. , Le Gall Marion , Lazzari Claudio R. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryUsing triatomine bugs (Hemiptera: Reduvidae) red-eyed mutants, we tested the hypothesis of an alternative function of insect screening pigments against oxidative stress. To tests our hypothesis, we studied the morphological and physiological changes associated with the mutation. We found that wild-type eyes possess great amount of brown and red screening pigment inside the primary and secondary pigment cells as well as in the retinular cells. Red-eyed mutants, however, have only some scarce red granules inside the pigmentary cells. We then compared red-eyed mutants and wild-types visual sensitivity by measuring photonegative responses of insects reared in light/dark cycles (LD 12:12) or constant darkness (DD). Finally, we analyzed both the impact of oxidative stress associated with blood ingestion and photodamage of UV light on the eye retina. We found that red-eyed mutants reared in DD conditions were the most sensitive to the light intensities tested. Retinae of LD reared mutants were gradually damaged over the life cycle while for DD reared insects retinae were conserved intact. No retinal damages were observed on non-fed mutants exposed to UV lights for two weeks while insects fed on blood prior to UV exposition showed clear signs of retinal damage. Wild-type insects exposed to UV-light showed a marked increase in the amount and density of screening pigments.
Intra- and inter-individual variations in flight direction in a migratory butterfly co-vary with individual mobility
Authors: Larranaga Nicolas , Baguette Michel , Calvez Olivier , Trochet Audrey , Ducatez Simon , Legrand Delphine 
Published: May 2013

SummaryFlight direction is a major component of animal's migratory success. However, few studies focused on variation in flight direction both between and within individuals, which is likely to be correlated with other traits implied in migration processes. We report patterns of intra- and inter-individual variation in flight direction in the large white butterfly Pieris brassicae (Linnaeus, 1758). The presence of inter-individual variation in flight direction for individuals tested in the same conditions suggests that this trait is inherited in P. brassicae and we propose that a rapid loss of migratory skills may exist in the absence of selection for migration. The magnitude of intra-individual variation was negatively correlated to two surrogates of the potential for migration: mobility and wing length. Highly mobile and longed-winged individuals within the same family were found to fly in similar directions, whereas less mobile and short-winged individuals displayed divergent flight direction compared to the average direction of their kin. There was also a negative correlation between the variance to the mean flight direction of a family and its average mobility, but no correlation with wing length. We discuss these issues in terms of evolution of traits potentially implied both in migration and dispersal in P. brassicae.
Heart rate responses to temperature in free-swimming Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis)
Authors: Clark Timothy D. , Farwell Charles J. , Rodriguez Luis E. , Brandt William T. , Block Barbara A. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryThe bluefin tuna heart remains at ambient water temperature (Ta) but must supply blood to warm regions of the body served by countercurrent vascular heat exchangers. Despite this unusual physiology, inherent difficulties have precluded an understanding of the cardiovascular responses to Ta in free-swimming bluefin tunas. We measured the heart rate (fH) responses of two captive Pacific bluefin tunas (Thunnus orientalis; 9.7 and 13.3 kg) over a cumulative period of 40 d. Routine fH during fasting in the holding tank at a Ta of 20°C was 45.1±8.0 and 40.7±6.5 beats min-1 for Tuna 1 and Tuna 2, respectively. fH decreased in each fish with Q10 of 2.6 (Tuna 1) and 3.1 (Tuna 2) as Ta in the tank was slowly decreased to 15°C (~0.4oC h-1), despite a gradual increase in swimming speed. The same thermal challenge during digestion revealed similar thermal dependence of fH and indicated that the rate of visceral cooling is not buffered by the heat increment of feeding. Acutely decreasing Ta from 20 to 10°C while Tuna 1 swam in a tunnel respirometer caused a progressive increase in tail beat-frequency and oxygen consumption rate (Mo2). fH of this fish decreased with Q10 of 2.7 as Ta decreased between 20 and 15°C, while further cooling to 10°C saw a general plateau in fH around 35 beats min-1 with Q10 of 1.3. A discussion of the relationships between fH, Mo2 , and haemoglobin-oxygen binding sheds further light on how bluefin cardiorespiratory systems function in a changing thermal environment.
Ontogenetic development of magnetic compass orientation in domestic chickens (Gallus gallus)
Authors: Denzau Susanne , Nießner Christine , Rogers Lesley , Wiltschko Wolfgang 
Published: May 2013

SummaryDomestic chickens (Gallus gallus) can be trained to search for a social stimulus in a specific magnetic direction, and cryptochrome 1a found in the retina has been proposed as a receptor molecule mediating magnetic directions. The present study combines immuno-histochemical and behavioural data to analyse the ontogenetic development of this ability. Newly hatched chicks already have a small amount of cryptochrome 1a in their violet cones; on day 5, the amount of cryptochrome 1a has reached the same level as in adult chickens, suggesting that the physical basis for magnetoreception is present. In behavioural tests, however, young chicks 5 to 7 days old failed to show a preference of the training direction; on days 8, 9 and 12, they could be successfully trained to search along a specific magnetic axis. Trained and tested again a week later, the chicks that had not shown a directional preference on day 5 to 7 continued to search randomly, while the chicks tested from day 8 onward preferred the correct magnetic axis when tested one week later. The observation that the magnetic compass is not functional before day 8 suggests that certain maturation processes in the magnetosensitive system in the brain are not yet complete before that day. The reasons why chicks that have been trained before that day fail to learn the task later remain unclear.
A novel variable delay Go/No-Go task to study attention, motivation and working memory in the head-fixed rodent
Authors: Dolzani Samuel D , Nakamura Shinya , Cooper Donald C 
Published: May 2013

In order to parse the causal elements underlying complex behaviors and decision-making processes, appropriate behavioral methods must be developed and used in concurrence with molecular, pharmacological, and electrophysiological approaches. Presented is a protocol for a novel Go/No-Go behavioral paradigm to study the brain attention and motivation/reward circuitry in awake, head-restrained rodents. This experimental setup allows: (1) Pharmacological and viral manipulation of various brain regions via targeted guide cannula; (2) Optogenetic cell-type specific activation and silencing with simultaneous electrophysiological recording and; (3) Repeated electrophysiological single and multiple unit recordings during ongoing behavior. The task consists of three components. The subject first makes an observing response by initiating a trial by lever pressing in response to distinctive Go or No-Go tones. Then, after a variable delay period, the subject is presented with a challenge period cued by white noise during which they must respond with a lever press for the Go condition or withhold from lever pressing for the duration of the cue in the No-Go condition. After correctly responding during the challenge period (Challenge) and a brief delay, a final reward tone of the same frequency as the initiation tone is presented and sucrose reward delivery is available and contingent upon lever pressing. Here, we provide a novel procedure and validating data set that allows researchers to study and manipulate components of behavior such as attention, motivation, impulsivity, and reward-related working memory during an ongoing operant behavioral task while limiting interference from non task-related behaviors.