bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Normalizing dysfunctional purine metabolism accelerates diabetic wound healing
Authors: Weinstein Andrew L. , Lalezarzadeh Frank D. , Soares Marc A. , Saadeh Pierre B. , Ceradini Daniel J. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractDiabetic patients exhibit dysfunction of the normal wound healing process, leading to local ischemia by vascular occlusive disease as well as sustained increases in the proinflammatory cytokines and overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Of the many sources of ROS, the enzyme xanthine oxidase (XO) has been linked to overproduction of ROS in diabetic environment, and studies have shown that treatment with XO inhibitors decreases XO overactivity and XO‐generated ROS. This study evaluates the role of XO in the diabetic wound and the impact of specifically inhibiting its activity on wound healing. Treatment of diabetic wounds with siXDH (xanthine dehydrogenase siRNA) decreased XDH mRNA expression by 51.6%, XO activity by 35.9%, ROS levels by 78.1%, pathologic wound burden by 31.5%, and accelerated wound healing by 7 days (23.3%). Polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that increased XO activity in wild‐type wound may be due to XDH to XO conversion and/or XO phosphorylation, but not to gene transcription, whereas increased XO activity in diabetic wounds may also be from gene transcription. These results suggest that XO may be responsible for large proportion of elevated oxidative stress in the diabetic wound environment and that normalizing the metabolic activity of XO using targeted delivery of siXDH may decrease overproduction of ROS and accelerate wound healing in diabetic patients.
Hybrids of Shigatoxigenic and Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC/ETEC) Among Human and Animal Isolates in Finland
Authors: Nyholm O. , Heinikainen S. , Pelkonen S. , Hallanvuo S. , Haukka K. , Siitonen A. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryDiarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) cause serious foodborne infections in humans. Total of 450 Shigatoxigenic E. coli (STEC) strains isolated from humans, animals and environment in Finland were examined by multiplex PCR targeting the virulence genes of various DEC pathogroups simultaneously. One per cent (3/291) of the human STEC and 14% (22/159) of the animal and environmental STEC had genes typically present in enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC). The strains possessed genes encoding both Shiga toxin 1 and/or 2 (stx1 and/or stx2) and ETEC‐specific heat‐stable (ST) enterotoxin Ia (estIa). The identified stx subtypes were stx1a, stx1c, stx2a, stx2d and stx2g. The three human STEC/ETEC strains were isolated from the patients with haemolytic uraemic syndrome and diarrhoea and from an asymptomatic carrier. The animal STEC/ETEC strains were isolated from cattle and moose. The human and animal STEC/ETEC strains belonged to 11 serotypes, of which O2:H27, O15:H16, O101:H‐, O128:H8 and O141:H8 have previously been described to be associated with human disease. Identification of multiple virulence genes offers further information for assessing the virulence potential of STEC and other DEC. The emergence of novel hybrid pathogens should be taken into account in the patient care and epidemiological surveillance.
Oscillatory blood pressure response to the onset of cycling exercise in men: role of group III/IV muscle afferents
Authors: Barbosa Thales C. , Fernandes Igor A. , Magalhães‐Jr Nisval , Cavalcanti Ismar L. , Secher Niels H. , Nóbrega Antonio C. L. , Vianna Lauro C. 
Published: January 2015

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?
Neural feedback from group III/IV muscle afferents has a key role in regulation of cardiovascular responses to exercise. Blood pressure oscillates in the first seconds of dynamic exercise, but the contribution of muscle afferent feedback to this pattern is unclear.

What is the main finding and its importance?
We demonstrate that attenuation of group III/IV muscle afferent feedback by spinal fentanyl impairs the pressor response after 10 s of moderate leg cycling exercise, but this afferent feedback does not appear to be necessary for induction of the oscillatory pattern of blood pressure at the onset of exercise.

We investigated whether attenuation of the central projections of group III/IV skeletal muscle afferents via lumbar intrathecal administration of the μ‐opioid receptor agonist fentanyl affects the oscillatory blood pressure (BP) response to the onset of dynamic exercise. Eight healthy, recreationally active men (28 ± 3 years old) performed 40 s of cycling at 80 W (60 r.p.m.) before (control) and after fentanyl administration, while heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output, systolic, mean and diastolic BP and total vascular conductance were continuously monitored. Sytolic and mean BP responses to cycling included an initial increase (from 0 to 3 s), followed by a transient decrease below resting levels (from 3 to 10 s) and then a sustained increase (>10 s). In the presence of fentanyl, systolic and mean BP responses closely matched those in control conditions in the first 10 s, but were blunted thereafter (P < 0.05). In contrast, fentanyl did not modify the heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output, diastolic BP or total vascular conductance responses to 40 s of cycling (P > 0.05). These findings suggest that during moderate leg cycling exercise the muscle afferents contribute to the BP response after ∼10 s, but that they do not appear to be implicated in the oscillation of BP at the onset of exercise.
Spontaneously hypertensive rats have more orexin neurons in their medial hypothalamus than normotensive rats
Authors: Clifford Liam , Dampney Bruno W. , Carrive Pascal 
Published: January 2015

New FindingsWhat is the central question of this study?Blockade of orexin receptors reduces blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) but not in normotensive Wistar–Kyoto (WKY) rats, suggesting that upregulation of orexin signalling underlies the hypertensive phenotype of the SHR. However, it is not known what causes this upregulation.What is the main finding and its importance?Using orexin immunolabelling, we show that SHRs have 20% more orexin neurons than normotensive WKY and Wistar rats in the medial hypothalamus, which is a good match to their blood pressure phenotype. In contrast, there is no such match for the orexin neurons of the lateral hypothalamus. Essential hypertension may be linked to an increase in orexin neurons in the medial hypothalamus.The neuropeptide orexin contributes to the regulation of blood pressure as part of its role in the control of arousal during wakefulness and motivated behaviour (including responses to psychological stress). Recent work shows that pharmacological blockade of orexin receptors reduces blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) but not in normotensive Wistar–Kyoto (WKY) rats. It is not clear why orexin signalling is upregulated in the SHR, but one possibility is that these animals have more orexin neurons than their normotensive WKY and Wistar relatives. To test this possibility, SHRs, WKY and Wistar male rats (6–16 weeks old) were killed, perfused and their brains sectioned and immunolabelled for orexin A. Labelled neurons were plotted and counted in the six best labelled hemisections (120 μm apart) of each brain. There were significantly more orexin neurons (+20%) in the medial hypothalamus (medial to fornix) of SHRs compared with WKY and Wistar rats (126 ± 4 versus106 ± 5 and 104 ± 5 per hemisection, respectively,P < 0.05), which matches well the blood pressure phenotypes. In contrast, counts in the lateral hypothalamus did not match the blood pressure phenotypes (69 ± 2 versus50 ± 3 and 76 ± 4, respectively). The results support the idea that orexin signalling is upregulated in the SHR and suggest that this is due, at least in part, to a greater number of orexin neurons in the medial hypothalamus. These medial orexin neurons, which are also involved in hyperarousal and stress responses, may contribute to the development of essential hypertension.
Comprehensive Review of Human Sapoviruses
Authors: Oka Tomoichiro , Wang Qiuhong , Katayama Kazuhiko , Saif Linda J. 
Published: January 2015

SUMMARYSapoviruses cause acute gastroenteritis in humans and animals. They belong to the genusSapoviruswithin the familyCaliciviridae. They infect and cause disease in humans of all ages, in both sporadic cases and outbreaks. The clinical symptoms of sapovirus gastroenteritis are indistinguishable from those caused by noroviruses, so laboratory diagnosis is essential to identify the pathogen. Sapoviruses are highly diverse genetically and antigenically. Currently, reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) assays are widely used for sapovirus detection from clinical specimens due to their high sensitivity and broad reactivity as well as the lack of sensitive assays for antigen detection or cell culture systems for the detection of infectious viruses. Sapoviruses were first discovered in 1976 by electron microscopy in diarrheic samples of humans. To date, sapoviruses have also been detected from several animals: pigs, mink, dogs, sea lions, and bats. In this review, we focus on genomic and antigenic features, molecular typing/classification, detection methods, and clinical and epidemiological profiles of human sapoviruses.
Current and Emerging Legionella Diagnostics for Laboratory and Outbreak Investigations
Authors: Mercante Jeffrey W. , Winchell Jonas M. 
Published: January 2015

SUMMARYLegionnaires' disease (LD) is an often severe and potentially fatal form of bacterial pneumonia caused by an extensive list ofLegionellaspecies. These ubiquitous freshwater and soil inhabitants cause human respiratory disease when amplified in man-made water or cooling systems and their aerosols expose a susceptible population. Treatment of sporadic cases and rapid control of LD outbreaks benefit from swift diagnosis in concert with discriminatory bacterial typing for immediate epidemiological responses. Traditional culture and serology were instrumental in describing disease incidence early in its history; currently, diagnosis of LD relies almost solely on the urinary antigen test, which captures only the dominant species and serogroup,Legionella pneumophilaserogroup 1 (Lp1). This has created a diagnostic “blind spot” for LD caused by non-Lp1 strains. This review focuses on historic, current, and emerging technologies that hold promise for increasing LD diagnostic efficiency and detection rates as part of a coherent testing regimen. The importance of cooperation between epidemiologists and laboratorians for a rapid outbreak response is also illustrated in field investigations conducted by the CDC with state and local authorities. Finally, challenges facing health care professionals, building managers, and the public health community in combating LD are highlighted, and potential solutions are discussed.
Practical Guidance for Clinical Microbiology Laboratories: Diagnosis of Bacterial Gastroenteritis
Authors: Humphries Romney M. , Linscott Andrea J. 
Published: January 2015

SUMMARYBacterial gastroenteritis is a disease that is pervasive in both the developing and developed worlds. While for the most part bacterial gastroenteritis is self-limiting, identification of an etiological agent by bacterial stool culture is required for the management of patients with severe or prolonged diarrhea, symptoms consistent with invasive disease, or a history that may predict a complicated course of disease. Importantly, characterization of bacterial enteropathogens from stool cultures in clinical laboratories is one of the primary means by which public health officials identify and track outbreaks of bacterial gastroenteritis. This article provides guidance for clinical microbiology laboratories that perform stool cultures. The general characteristics, epidemiology, and clinical manifestations of key bacterial enteropathogens are summarized. Information regarding optimal specimen collection, transport, and processing and current diagnostic tests and testing algorithms is provided. This article is an update ofCumitech 12A(P. H. Gilligan, J. M. Janda, M. A. Karmali, and J. M. Miller,Cumitech 12A,Laboratory diagnosis of bacterial diarrhea, 1992).
Leprosy in the 21st Century
Authors: White Cassandra , Franco-Paredes Carlos 
Published: January 2015

SUMMARY
Despite significant improvements in leprosy (Hansen's disease) treatment and outlook for patients since the introduction of multidrug therapy (MDT) 3 decades ago, the global incidence remains high, and patients often have long-term complications associated with the disease. In this article, we discuss recent findings related to genetics, susceptibility, and disease reservoirs and the implications of these findings for Hansen's disease control and health outcomes for patients. We describe the continued difficulties associated with treatment of inflammatory episodes known as “leprosy reactions,” which cause much of the disability associated with the disease and can affect people for many years after MDT is complete. We also discuss some of the contemporary challenges for physicians and patients, including international and internal migration of people affected by the disease. We suggest some important areas of focus for future Hansen's disease research.
Current and Past Strategies for Bacterial Culture in Clinical Microbiology
Authors: Lagier Jean-Christophe , Edouard Sophie , Pagnier Isabelle , Mediannikov Oleg , Drancourt Michel , Raoult Didier 
Published: January 2015

SUMMARYA pure bacterial culture remains essential for the study of its virulence, its antibiotic susceptibility, and its genome sequence in order to facilitate the understanding and treatment of caused diseases. The first culture conditions empirically varied incubation time, nutrients, atmosphere, and temperature; culture was then gradually abandoned in favor of molecular methods. The rebirth of culture in clinical microbiology was prompted by microbiologists specializing in intracellular bacteria. The shell vial procedure allowed the culture of new species ofRickettsia. The design of axenic media for growing fastidious bacteria such asTropheryma whippleiandCoxiella burnetiiand the ability of amoebal coculture to discover new bacteria constituted major advances. Strong efforts associating optimized culture media, detection methods, and a microaerophilic atmosphere allowed a dramatic decrease of the time ofMycobacterium tuberculosisculture. The use of a new versatile medium allowed an extension of the repertoire of archaea. Finally, to optimize the culture of anaerobes in routine bacteriology laboratories, the addition of antioxidants in culture media under an aerobic atmosphere allowed the growth of strictly anaerobic species. Nevertheless, among usual bacterial pathogens, the development of axenic media for the culture ofTreponema pallidumorMycobacterium lepraeremains an important challenge that the patience and innovations of cultivators will enable them to overcome.
Complete Genome Sequence of Porcine Parvovirus N Strain Isolated from Guangxi, China
Authors: Su Qian-Lian , Li Bin , Zhao Wu , Liang Jia-Xing , He Ying , Qin Yi-Bin , Lu Bing-Xia 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT
We report here the complete genomic sequence of the porcine parvovirus (PPV) N strain, isolated in 1989 from the viscera of a stillborn fetus farrowed by a gilt in Guangxi, southern China. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that the PPV-N strain is closely related to attenuated PPV NADL-2 strains. The PPV-N strain has good immunogenicity, genetic stability, and safety.
Complete Genome Sequence of Human Enterovirus Strain 71 (EV71/Taipei/3118/2011), Isolated from a Patient in Taiwan
Authors: Lin Chia-Pei , Liu Jiung-Liang , Chen Lung-Yuan , Liu Yi-Chao , Wang Hsiu-Chi , Lin Shih-Jie , Chen Pin-Chun , Wang Kun-Teng , Huang Chih-Hung , Yang Yi-Chan , Cheng Hwei-Fang , Shih Daniel Yang-Chih , Wang Der-Yuan 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT
This full-length genome sequence of human enterovirus strain 71 (EV71/Taipei/3118/2011) was isolated from a clinical patient in Taiwan in 2011. According to the phylogenetic analysis, the complete genome sequence in this study is part of the subgenotype C4.
Draft Genome Sequence of Legionella pneumophila D-5864, a Serogroup 6 Strain
Authors: Morrison Shatavia S. , Kozak-Muiznieks Natalia A. , Sammons Scott , Rowe Lori A. , Frace Mike , Winchell Jonas M. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT

Legionella pneumophila
is the leading etiology of legionellosis infections in North America and Europe. Here we report the draft genome sequence of
L. pneumophila
D-5864, a serogroup 6 strain, which was isolated from a bronchial alveolar lavage specimen of a male patient from Arizona in 2009. Genes within the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-biosynthesis region could potentially be determinants of serogroup specificity.
Genome Sequence of Thermoactinomyces daqus H-18, a Novel Thermophilic Species Isolated from High-Temperature Daqu
Authors: Yao Su , Xu Youqiang , Xin Chunhui , Xu Ling , Liu Yang , Li Hui , Li Jinxia , Zhao Jiwen , Cheng Chi 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT

Thermoactinomyces daqus
H-18 is a new species of Thermoactinomyces isolated from high-temperature Daqu used in the fermentation of Bandongjing sesame-flavor liquor. Its genome was sequenced and assembled (3.44 Mb). The coding sequences (CDSs) that correlated to high-temperature tolerance were annotated. The metabolic pathways for the compounds responsible for flavor were also found.
Draft Genome Sequences of Two Drug-Resistant Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Obtained from Keratitis Patients in India
Authors: Aggarwal Ramesh K. , Dawar Chhavi , Das Satrupa , Sharma Savitri 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT

We report here the draft genomes of two drug (fluoroquinolone)-resistant clinical isolates of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
obtained from the corneal scrapings of keratitis patients from India. The two annotated genomes are 6.31 Mb and 6.41 Mb in size. These genomes are expected to facilitate the identification and understanding of the genes associated with acquired multidrug resistance.
Complete Genome Sequence of Steroid-Transforming Nocardioides simplex VKM Ac-2033D
Authors: Shtratnikova Victoriya Y. , Schelkunov Mikhail I. , Pekov Yury A. , Fokina Victoria V. , Logacheva Mariya D. , Sokolov Sergey L. , Bragin Eugeny Y. , Ashapkin Vasily V. , Donova Marina V. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT

Nocardioides simplex
VKM Ac-2033D is an effective microbial catalyst for 3-ketosteroid 1(2)-dehydrogenation, and it is capable of effective reduction of carbonyl groups at C-17 and C-20, hydrolysis of acetylated steroids, and utilization of natural sterols. Here, the complete genome sequence is reported. An array of genes related to steroid metabolic pathways have been identified.
Finished Genome Sequence of Collimonas arenae Cal35
Authors: Wu Je-Jia , de Jager Victor C. L. , Deng Wen-Ling , Leveau Johan H. J. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT

We announce the finished genome sequence of soil forest isolate
Collimonas arenae
Cal35, which comprises a 5.6-Mbp chromosome and 41-kb plasmid. The Cal35 genome is the second one published for the bacterial genus Collimonas and represents the first opportunity for high-resolution comparison of genome content and synteny among collimonads.
Draft Genome Sequence of Actinoplanes utahensis NRRL 12052, a Microorganism Involved in Industrial Production of Pharmaceutical Intermediates
Authors: Velasco-Bucheli Rodrigo , del Cerro Carlos , Hormigo Daniel , Acebal Carmen , Arroyo Miguel , García José L. , de la Mata Isabel 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT

Here, we describe the draft genome sequence of
Actinoplanes utahensis
NRRL 12052, a filamentous bacterium that encodes an aculeacin A acylase and a putative
N
-acyl-homoserine lactone acylase of biotechnological interest. Moreover, several nonribosomal peptide synthase (NRPS) and polyketide synthase (PKS) clusters and antibiotic resistance genes have been identified.
Draft Genome Sequence of Anammox Bacterium “Candidatus Scalindua brodae,” Obtained Using Differential Coverage Binning of Sequencing Data from Two Reactor Enrichments
Authors: Speth Daan R. , Russ Lina , Kartal Boran , op den Camp Huub J. M. , Dutilh Bas E. , Jetten Mike S. M. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT

We present the draft genome of anammox bacterium “
Candidatus
Scalindua brodae,” which at 282 contigs is a major improvement over the highly fragmented genome assembly of related species “
Ca.
Scalindua profunda” (1,580 contigs) which was previously published.
Childbirth, hospitalisation and sickness absence: a study of female twins
Authors: Björkenstam Emma , Alexanderson Kristina , Narusyte Jurgita , Kjeldgård Linnea , Ropponen Annina , Svedberg Pia 
Published: January 2015

ObjectiveTo investigate associations of giving birth with morbidity in terms of hospitalisation and social consequences of morbidity in terms of sickness absence (SA), while taking familial (genetics and shared environmental) factors into account.DesignProspective register-based cohort study. Estimates of risk of hospitalisation and SA were calculated as HRs with 95% CIs.SettingAll female twins, that is, women with a twin sister, born in Sweden.Participants5118 Swedish female twins (women with a twin sister), born during 1959–1990, where at least one in the twin pair had their first childbirth (T0) during 1994–2009 and none gave birth before 1994.Main outcome measuresHospitalisation and SA during year 3–5 after first delivery or equivalent.ResultsPreceding the first childbirth, the mean annual number of SA days increased for mothers, and then decreased again. Hospitalisation after T0was associated with higher HRs of short-term and long-term SA (HR for short-term SA 3.0; 95% CI 2.5 to 3.6 and for long-term SA 2.3; 95% CI 1.6 to 3.2). Hospitalisation both before and after first childbirth was associated with a higher risk of future SA (HR for long-term SA 4.2; 95% CI 2.7 to 6.4). Familial factors influenced the association between hospitalisation and long-term SA, regardless of childbirth status.ConclusionsWomen giving birth did not have a higher risk for SA than those not giving birth and results indicate a positive health selection into giving birth. Mothers hospitalised before and/or after giving birth had higher risks for future SA, that is, there was a strong association between morbidity and future SA.