bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ermüdungssicherheit von Brücken – Teil 2: Nachweis basierend auf den Messwerten des Monitoring‐Projekts “Bahnbrücke Eglisau“
Authors: Bosshard Max , Steck Pirmin , Meyer Christian , Brühwiler Eugen , Haldimann Senta 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBei der genieteten Rheinbrücke in Eglisau wurde über einen Zeitraum von einem Jahr ein Monitoring durchgeführt. Die mittels Rainflow‐Analyse ausgewerteten Messwerte dienten als Grundlage für den Nachweis der Ermüdungssicherheit. Die Messquerschnitte sind in der Regel nicht identisch mit den Nachweisquerschnitten, weshalb die gemessenen Dehnungen bzw. Spannungen in die für den Nachweis maßgebende Nietlage des Nachweisquerschnittes umgerechnet wurden. Die hierfür erforderlichen Umrechnungsfaktoren wurden rechnerisch am statischen Modell ermittelt. In einem ersten Schritt wurde die Dauerfestigkeit für die ermüdungsbeanspruchten Bauteile untersucht. Für die Bauteile mit ungenügender Dauerfestigkeit wurde anschließend eine Schadensakkumulationsberechnung nach Palmgren‐Miner auf Basis der für genietete Konstruktionsdetails geltenden Wöhlerkurven durchgeführt. Basierend auf den Messwerten aus dem Monitoring konnte schließlich für die Nietkonstruktion eine genügende Ermüdungssicherheit und für das maßgebende Bauteil eine weitere Nutzungsdauer von mindestens 50 Jahren nachgewiesen werden.Fatigue safety of riveted bridges – Part 2: Verification based on the monitoring data of the project “Railway Bridge at Eglisau“. Long term monitoring over one year has been conducted on the riveted Railway Bridge over the Rhine at Eglisau. Measured values were exploited by rainflow analysis and served as the basis for the verification of fatigue safety. As the locations of measurements are generally not identical with the cross sections of verification, measured strains respectively stresses, were extrapolated to the relevant verification cross section by means of factors that were obtained by structural analysis. Using these values, all fatigue relevant structural details were first verified with respect to the fatigue limit. Then, damage accumulation calculation according to the Palmgren‐Miner rule and based on Wöhler curves for riveted details was performed for those structural details where the fatigue limit check was not fulfilled. Sufficient fatigue safety could finally be verified for the whole riveted structure and an additional service life of at least 50 years for the most fatigue relevant structural element.
How Selected Tissues of Lactating Holstein Cows Respond to Dietary Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation
Authors: Hiller Beate , Angulo Joaquin , Olivera Martha , Nuernberg Gerd , Nuernberg Karin 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe effect of a 10‐week supplementation with polyunsaturated fatty acids [via sunflower oil/DHA‐rich algae (SUNA) or linseed oil/DHA‐rich algae (LINA) enriched diets] versus saturated fatty acids (SAT) of lactating German Holstein dairy cows in mid‐lactation on expression patterns of lipid metabolism‐associated genes and gene products in hepatic, longissimus muscle and subcutaneous/perirenal/omental adipose tissue was assessed. Most pronounced transcriptomic responses to dietary PUFA were obtained in hepatic [down‐regulated ACACA (FC = 0.83, SUNA; FC = 0.86, LINA), FADS1 (FC = 0.60, SUNA; FC = 0.72, LINA), FADS2 (FC = 0.64, SUNA; FC = 0.79, LINA), FASN (FC = 0.64, SUNA; FC = 0.72, LINA), SCD (FC = 0.37, SUNA; FC = 0.47, LINA) and SREBF1 (FC = 0.79, SUNA, LINA) expression] and omental adipose [up‐regulated ACACA (FC = 1.58, SUNA; FC = 1.22, LINA), ADFP (FC = 1.33, SUNA; FC = 1.32, LINA), CEBPA (FC = 1.75, SUNA; FC = 1.40, LINA), FASN (FC = 1.57, SUNA; FC = 1.21, LINA), LPL (FC = 1.50, SUNA; FC = 1.20, LINA), PPARG (FC = 1.36, SUNA; FC = 1.12, LINA), SCD (FC = 1.41, SUNA; FC = 1.17, LINA) and SREBF1 (FC = 1.56, SUNA; FC = 1.18, LINA) expression] tissue. Interestingly, gene/gene product associations were comparatively low in hepatic and omental adipose tissue compared with longissimus muscle, perirenal adipose and subcutaneous adipose tissue, indicating matches only in regard to minor concentrations of SCD product 18:1c9, FADS1 product 20:4n‐6 and FADS2 product 18:3n‐6 in hepatic tissue, and higher concentrations of ACACA and FASN gene products 12:0 and 14:0 and SCD product 18:2c9,t11 in omental adipose tissue. Whereas all analyzed tissues accumulated dietary PUFA and their ruminally generated biohydrogenation products, tissue‐divergent preferences for certain fatty acids were identified. This descriptive study reports tissue‐divergent effects of dietary PUFA and outlines the significance of a PUFA intervention with regard to dairy cows' nutritional management.
Piecewise isometries, uniform distribution and 3log 2−π2/8
Authors: CHEUNG YITWAH , GOETZ AREK , QUAS ANTHONY 
Published: November 2012

AbstractWe use analytic tools to study a simple family of piecewise isometries of the plane parameterized by an angle. In previous work, we showed the existence of large numbers of periodic points, each surrounded by a ‘periodic island’. We also proved conservativity of the systems as infinite measure-preserving transformations. In experiments it is observed that the periodic islands fill up a large part of the phase space and it has been asked whether the periodic islands form a set of full measure. In this paper we study the periodic islands around an important family of periodic orbits and demonstrate that for all angle parameters that are irrational multiples of π, the islands have asymptotic density in the plane of 3log 2−π2/8≈0.846.
Human trafficking and migration control policy: vicious or virtuous cycle?
Authors: Avdan Nazli 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis paper examines the relationship between states’ migration control policies and human trafficking in origin, transit and destination states. Using cross-sectional data on states’ visa policies for 192 states and indicators for human trafficking from the Global Patterns report by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, the paper analyses feedback mechanisms between policies and trafficking. The empirical evidence suggests that, contrary to the pessimistic predictions of policy scholarship, the feedback is characterised by a virtuous mechanism. Firstly, the results show that, in line with expectations of security studies, states tighten visa policies in response to trafficking threats. Origin and transit states face a greater number of restrictions on travel. Similarly, destination states of trafficking impose tighter controls. Secondly, visa restrictions against origin and transit countries mitigate trafficking from and through these states. Finally, the paper demonstrates that the vicious effect whereby stricter policies exacerbate trafficking pertains mostly to destination states’ visa policies and to visas imposed at borders.
Clinical and Pathological Effects of the Polyopisthocotylean Monogenean, Gamacallum macroura in White Bass
Authors: Clarke Elsburgh O. , Harms Craig A. , Law J. McHugh , Flowers James R. , Williams Valerie N. , Ring Brad D. , McGinty Andrew S. , Hopper Michael , Sullivan Craig V. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
An aquaculture research facility experienced high mortality rates in white bass Morone chrysops associated with a monogenean infestation of the gills, but not in striped bass Morone saxatilis in the same facility. All mortalities had pale gills. Monogeneans, identified as Gamacallum macroura (MacCallum and MacCallum 1913) Unnithan 1971, were found on the gills. Pale-gilled and healthy white bass were selected with no particular attention to condition for venipuncture and euthanasia for postmortem examination, including parasite counts from gills. The median packed cell volume (PCV) of fish with gill pallor was 12.5% (range 9–37%) while PVC of fish with more normal color was 30% (27–33%). Association between the PCV and gill pallor score was statistically significant, as was the association between PCV and the number of monogeneans found on the gills of each fish. Median estimated white blood cell count of fish with gill pallor, at 12.05 × 103/μL (range 3.8–24.7), was significantly lower than of apparently healthy fish: 24.7 × 103/μL (17.3–31.5). Histopathology of the gill arches of pale-gilled fish revealed multifocal moderate to severe branchitis, focal areas of dilated hyperplastic lamellae occluded by fibrin, and monogeneans attached to the lamellae. Fish that were apparently healthy had grossly similar histologic lesions, but at lower frequency and severity.
Received May 27, 2011; accepted July 12, 2012
Psychological interventions for carers of people with dementia: A systematic review of quantitative and qualitative evidence
Authors: Elvish Ruth , Lever Sammi-Jo , Johnstone Jodie , Cawley Rosanne , Keady John 
Published: November 2012

AbstractRationale: Carers of people with dementia experience significant levels of stress in their everyday role. The National Dementia Strategy in England identifies the key role that carers play in supporting people with dementia living at home, often to the detriment of their social, emotional and physical health. Aims: To add to the substantive knowledge‐base by combining search criteria used by Pinquart and Sörensen (2006) and Gallagher‐Thompson and Coon (2007) to update the literature on psychological interventions for carers of people with dementia published between 2005 and 2011. Method: Following the study inclusion criteria, comprehensive searches were conducted using the electronic databases Medline, PsycINFO, ERIC, and PubMed. Twenty studies were identified, graded and synthesised into the reported systematic review with both quantitative and qualitative studies included to maximise practice application. Results: Consistent with previous findings, three categories of psychological intervention were identified: (i) psychoeducational‐skill building (n=8); (ii) psychotherapy‐counselling (n=1); (iii) multicomponent (n=6). Our review also identified a fourth intervention category, (iv) technology‐based (n=5). The majority of studies in the updated review examine the constructs of depression, burden, social support and well‐being. The development of focused interventions for carers, whether individually tailored interventions or group interventions around a common issue, was significant for developing practice. Future studies across all categories should continue to embed supervision arrangements within their psychological intervention protocols.
A statistically predictive model for future monsoon failure in India
Authors: Schewe Jacob , Levermann Anders 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Indian monsoon rainfall is vital for a large share of the world’s population. Both reliably projecting India’s future precipitation and unraveling abrupt cessations of monsoon rainfall found in paleorecords require improved understanding of its stability properties. While details of monsoon circulations and the associated rainfall are complex, full-season failure is dominated by large-scale positive feedbacks within the region. Here we find that in a comprehensive climate model, monsoon failure is possible but very rare under pre-industrial conditions, while under future warming it becomes much more frequent. We identify the fundamental intraseasonal feedbacks that are responsible for monsoon failure in the climate model, relate these to observational data, and build a statistically predictive model for such failure. This model provides a simple dynamical explanation for future changes in the frequency distribution of seasonal mean all-Indian rainfall. Forced only by global mean temperature and the strength of the Pacific Walker circulation in spring, it reproduces the trend as well as the multidecadal variability in the mean and skewness of the distribution, as found in the climate model. The approach offers an alternative perspective on large-scale monsoon variability as the result of internal instabilities modulated by pre-seasonal ambient climate conditions.
Analysis of the plant growth‐promoting properties encoded by the genome of the rhizobacterium Pseudomonas putida BIRD‐1
Authors: Roca Amalia , Pizarro‐Tobías Paloma , Udaondo Zulema , Fernández Matilde , Matilla Miguel A. , Molina‐Henares M. Antonia , Molina Lázaro , Segura Ana , Duque Estrella , Ramos Juan‐Luis 
Published: November 2012

SummaryPseudomonas putida BIRD‐1 is a plant growth‐promoting rhizobacterium whose genome size is 5.7 Mbp. It adheres to plant roots and colonizes the rhizosphere to high cell densities even in soils with low moisture. This property is linked to its ability to synthesize trehalose, since a mutant deficient in the synthesis of trehalose exhibited less tolerance to desiccation than the parental strain. The genome of BIRD‐1 encodes a wide range of proteins that help it to deal with reactive oxygen stress generated in the plant rhizosphere. BIRD‐1 plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria properties derive from its ability to enhance phosphorous and iron solubilization and to produce phytohormones. BIRD‐1 is capable of solubilizing insoluble inorganic phosphate forms through acid production. The genome of BIRD‐1 encodes at least five phosphatases related to phosphorous solubilization, one of them being a phytase that facilitates the utilization of phytic acid, the main storage form of phosphorous in plants. Pyoverdine is the siderophore produced by this strain, a mutant that in the FvpD siderophore synthase failed to grow on medium without supplementary iron, but the mutant was as competitive as the parental strain in soils because it captures the siderophores produced by other microbes. BIRD‐1 overproduces indole‐3‐acetic acid through convergent pathways.
Fatal Accidental Hydrogen Sulfide Poisoning: A Domestic Case
Authors: Sastre Caroline , Baillif‐Couniou Valérie , Kintz Pascal , Cirimele Vincent , Bartoli Christophe , Christia‐Lotter Marie‐Amandine , Piercecchi‐Marti Marie‐Dominique , Leonetti Georges , Pelissier‐Alicot Anne‐Laure 
Published: November 2012

AbstractHydrogen sulfide (H2S) poisonings are classically reported in occupational settings. We describe an unusual domestic case of fatal acute poisoning by H2S inhalation. A mother and her infant daughter were found dead in the kitchen of their home. The emergency medical team described a strong smell of rotten eggs, suggesting acute H2S poisoning. Autopsies revealed only multiorgan congestion. H2S was measured in blood and lung tissue samples by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Body fluids were negative, but H2S was found in the lungs of both the mother and the child at concentrations of 1.46 and 1.92 mg/kg, respectively, concentrations described in the literature as potentially lethal. Expert surveys of the premises suggested a complex mechanism involving both defective maintenance of the pipes and drains of the building and faulty assembly of the sink siphon, which led to stagnation of waste water and formation of a pocket of H2S.
Rib Butterfly Fractures as a Possible Indicator of Blast Trauma
Authors: Christensen Angi M. , Smith Victoria A. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractForensic anthropologists have become increasingly involved in the interpretation of skeletal trauma caused by exploding ordnance. This study examines the cause and significance of butterfly fractures observed in a recent study investigating skeletal blast trauma by Christensen et al. Fractured ribs resulting from blast events carried out in the original study were re‐examined revealing that rib butterfly fractures with the tensile indicator on the visceral surface were present in 100% of viable pig specimens. Additionally, manual fracture testing was performed on 46 pig ribs to simulate the bending force believed to have been sustained in the original blast events. Fracture testing resulted in 93% of specimens presenting butterfly fractures with the tensile indicator on the visceral surface. This fracture pattern differs significantly from that normally observed in association with other types of trauma events and may aid forensic anthropologists and other investigators in the identification and interpretation of blast events.
Preservation of Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor‐4α Contributes to the Beneficial Effect of Dietary Medium Chain Triglyceride on Alcohol‐Induced Hepatic Lipid Dyshomeostasis in Rats
Authors: Li Qiong , Zhong Wei , Qiu Yunping , Kang Xinqin , Sun Xiuhua , Tan Xiaobing , Zhao Yantao , Sun Xinguo , Jia Wei , Zhou Zhanxiang 
Published: November 2012

BackgroundAlcohol consumption is a major cause of fatty liver, and dietary saturated fats have been shown to protect against alcoholic fatty liver. This study investigated the mechanisms of how dietary saturated fat may modulate alcohol‐induced hepatic lipid dyshomeostasis.MethodsMale Sprague Dawley rats were pair‐fed with 3 isocaloric liquid diets, control, alcohol, and medium chain triglyceride (MCT)/alcohol, respectively, for 8 weeks. The control and alcohol diets were based on the Lieber–DeCarli liquid diet formula with 30% total calories derived from corn oil (rich in unsaturated long chain fatty acids). The corn oil was replaced by MCT, which consists of exclusive saturated fatty acids, in the MCT/alcohol diet. HepG2 cell culture was conducted to test the effects of unsaturated fatty acids on hepatocyte nuclear factor‐4α (HNF4α) and the role of HNF4α in regulating hepatocyte lipid homeostasis.ResultsAlcohol feeding caused significant lipid accumulation, which was attenuated by dietary MCT. The major effect of alcohol on hepatic gene expression is the up‐regulation of CYP4A1, CD36, and GPAT3, and down‐regulation of apolipoprotein B (ApoB). Dietary MCT further up‐regulated CYP4A1 gene, normalized ApoB gene, and up‐regulated MTTP and SCD1 genes. The protein level of HNF4α, a master transcription factor of the liver, was reduced by alcohol feeding, which was normalized by dietary MCT. Fatty acid profiling demonstrated that alcohol feeding dramatically increased hepatic unsaturated long chain fatty acyl species, particularly linoleic acid and oleic acid, which was attenuated by dietary MCT. Dietary MCT attenuated alcohol‐reduced serum triglyceride level and modulated the fatty acid composition of the serum triglycerides. Cell culture study demonstrated polyunsaturated linoleic acid rather than monounsaturated oleic acid inactivated HNF4α in HepG2 cells. Knockdown of HNF4α caused lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells due to dysregulation of very low density lipoprotein secretion.ConclusionsResults suggest that dietary MCT prevents alcohol‐induced hepatic lipid accumulation, at least partially, through reducing hepatic polyunsaturated long chain fatty acids and preserving HNF4α.
Prenatal antidepressant exposure and behavioral problems in early childhood – a cohort study
Authors: Pedersen L. H. , Henriksen T. B. , Bech B. H. , Licht R. W. , Kjaer D. , Olsen J. 
Published: November 2012

ObjectiveTo estimate a potential association between in utero exposure to antidepressants and behavioral problems in childhood.MethodInformation on exposures was obtained from the Danish National Birth Cohort. We studied the children of 127 mothers who had used antidepressants during pregnancy and compared these to 98 children of mothers with a prenatal depression with no use of antidepressants during pregnancy and 723 children of mothers with no prenatal depression and no use of antidepressant during pregnancy (unexposed). Behavioral problems were assessed at 4 or 5 years of age by the parent‐reported Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ).ResultsPrenatal antidepressant exposure was not associated with abnormal SDQ scores compared with prenatal exposure to untreated prenatal depression or to no exposure. Untreated prenatal depression was associated with abnormal SDQ scores in the subscales of conduct [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.3 (95% CI, 1.2–4.5)] and prosocial problems [aOR 3.0 (95% CI, 1.2–7.8)] compared with unexposed children. Total SDQ score was higher in children of mothers with untreated prenatal depression. These associations attenuated after adjusting for postnatal maternal psychiatric disease.ConclusionPrenatal antidepressant exposure was not associated with behavioral or emotional problems in early childhood.
Load transfer in tilted implants with varying cantilever lengths in an all‐on‐four situation
Authors: Malhotra AO , Padmanabhan TV , Mohamed K , Natarajan S , Elavia U 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackground:  The aim of this study was to evaluate if tilting of the distal implant at different angulations (30° and 40°) with different cantilever lengths (4 mm and 12 mm) affects the stress and strain distribution in an ‘all‐on‐four’ situation.Methods:  A completely edentulous mandible was modelled with four tapered implants placed within the interforaminal region to receive an all acrylic fixed prosthesis. The two posterior implants were tilted at an angle of 30° and 40°. The prosthesis cantilever was given two different variables of 4 mm and 12 mm. For all models, the equivalent von Mises stress and strain was analysed using three‐dimensional finite element analysis.Results:  Statistical significance (p < 0.05) was seen when a comparison was made for the stress developed on the implant and cortical bone between the 30° and 40° distally tilted posterior implants in both situations. No significance was seen in the trabecular bone and on the strain developed in these situations.Conclusions:  The study shows that increasing the tilt of the distal implants does not increase the stress significantly. It also shows that the architecture of the mandible plays a major role during treatment planning of a completely edentulous patient.
Phosphodiesterase‐4 inhibition improves corticosteroid insensitivity in pulmonary endothelial cells under oxidative stress
Authors: Ortiz J. L. , Milara J. , Lluch J. , De Diego A. , Sanz C. , Cortijo J. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundSeveral clinical studies have shown that smoking in asthmatics and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients is closely associated with corticosteroid refractoriness. In this work, we have analyzed glucocorticoid insensitivity in human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAECs) under cigarette smoke extract (CSE) exposure as well as the possible additive effects of the combination therapy with a phosphodiesterase (PDE)‐4 inhibitor.MethodsInterleukin (IL)‐8 was measured in cell supernatants by ELISA. Histone deacetylase (HDAC), histone acetylase (HAT), and intracellular cAMP levels were measured by colorimetric assays and enzyme immunoassay, respectively. PDE4 isotypes and glucocorticoid receptor (GR)‐α and β expression were measured by real‐time RT‐PCR.ResultsThe PDE4 inhibitor rolipram dose dependently inhibited the IL‐8 secretion induced by CSE 5%. In contrast, dexamethasone 1 μM did not show inhibitory effect on IL‐8 secretion. Combination of subeffective rolipram concentrations at 10 nM increased the inhibitory effect of dexamethasone to ~45% of inhibition. Cigarette smoke extract 5% inhibited HDAC activity and increased HAT activity generating glucocorticoid insensitivity. Rolipram did not modify the HDAC activity, however partially inhibited the increase in HAT activity at 1 μM. PDE4 isotypes were up‐regulated by CSE 5% with the consequent cAMP down‐regulation. Dexamethasone reduced all PDE4 isotypes expression and showed additive effects with rolipram enhancing cAMP levels. Furthermore, rolipram enhanced GR‐α expression and inhibited the increase in GR‐β induced by CSE.ConclusionsCombination of rolipram and dexamethasone shows additive properties in HPAECs under glucocorticoid insensitive conditions. These results may be of potential value in future anti‐inflammatory therapies using combination of PDE4 inhibitors and glucocorticoids.