bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of photoinitiator concentration on marginal and internal adaptation of experimental composite blends photocured by modulated methods
Authors: Bruschi Alonso Roberta Caroline , Carvalho de Souza-Júnior Eduardo José , Dressano Diogo , Spagnolo de Araújo Giovana Albamonte , Ces Rodriguez José Manuel , Hipólito Vinícius Di , Anauate-Netto Camillo , Puppin-Rontani Regina Maria , Coelho Sinhoreti Mario Alexandre 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of photoinitiator concentration on marginal and internal adaptation of composites photocured by modulated methods. Materials and Methods: Composites based on BisGMA/triethylene glycol dimethacrylate and 65 wt% of filler were prepared with different concentrations of camphorquinone/amine (C1-0.5%, C2-1%, C3-1.5%). Cavities were prepared (3 mm × 3 mm × 2 mm) on the buccal surface of 120 bovine incisors and the adhesive system Adper Single Bond 2 was applied following manufactures instruction. Specimens were then distributed according to type of composite (C1, C2, C3) and photoactivation method (high-intensity - 750 mW/cm 2 for 40 s; low intensity - 150 mW/cm 2 for 200 s; soft-start - 150 mW/cm 2 for 10 s + 750 mW/cm 2 for 38 s; pulse-delay - 150 mW/cm 2 for 10 s + 3 min dark + 750 mW/cm 2 for 38 s). Superficial and internal margins were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, using the epoxy replica technique. The length of gaps was expressed as a percentage of the total length of the margins. Data were submitted to two-way analysis of variance and Tukey′s test (α =0.05). Results: Modulated curing methods did not influence gap formation regarding both superficial and internal adaptation. The composite with the lower initiator concentration (C1) presented higher gap formation when compared with those with higher concentrations (C2 and C3).Conclusion:Modulated photoactivation methods did not reduce gap formation for the experimental composite restorations evaluated. However, higher photoinitiator concentrations promote better marginal seal.
Assessment of hypodontia in the Turkish patients referring to the orthodontic clinic: A retrospective study
Authors: Uzuner Deniz , Celik Meltem Melik , Toy Ebubekir , Turkdonmez Candan Okay 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT
Objective: The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the prevalence and distribution of hypodontia in the permanent dentition in a sample of Turkish patients who referred to the Ankara Dental Hospital for orthodontic treatment. Materials and Methods: The pre-treatment orthodontic records of 2530 patients, 1382 girls (54.62%) and 1148 boys (45.38%) between the chronological ages of 7 and 16 years, were examined for evidence of hypodontia. The third molars were excluded in this study. Results: The prevalence of hypodontia in the inspected population was 5% (3.05% for girls, 1.95% for boys). The average number of the congenitally missing teeth per patient was 2.03 (1.08 for girls, 0.95 for boys). The prevalence of the congenitally missing permanent teeth was 34% for the upper laterals, 30% for the lower second premolars, 12.5% for the upper second premolars and 23.5% for the other teeth. Most patients with hypodontia (84.9%) (57.13% for girls, 27.77% for boys) had got missing either one tooth (45.23%) or two teeth (39.67%). Conclusions: The prevalence of hypodontia in girls was higher than in boys in this sample of the Turkish patients. The upper laterals and lower second premolars were consecutively the most symmetrically absent teeth. The prevalence of advanced hypodontia was lower than single and symmetrical hypodontia.
The effect of an erbium, chromium: yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet laser on the microleakage and bond strength of silorane and micro-hybrid composite restorations
Authors: Korkmaz Fatih Mehmet , Baygin Ozgul , Tuzuner Tamer , Bagis Bora , Arslan Ipek 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT
Objective: The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the microleakage and bond strength of Class V silorane-based and universal micro-hybrid composite restorations prepared either with diamond bur or with an erbium, chromium: yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet (Er, Cr:YSGG) laser. Materials and Methods: A total of 160 molar teeth were used for microleakage assessment and shear bond strength (SBS) test. The specimens were prepared using either diamond bur or 3 W-, 4 W- and 5 W-20 Hz Er, Cr:YSGG laser irradiation. All specimens were subjected to thermocycling (500 times at 5 ± 2°C to 55 ± 2°C, dwell time 15 s and transfer time 10 s). Microleakage was assessed using a 0.5% basic-fuchsin solution. The bond strengths were determined using a microtensile tester at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. The Kruskal Wallis test was used for the analysis of microleakage and a one-way analysis of variance test was used to analyze the SBS (p < 0.05). Results: No statistically significant differences were found (p > 0.05) between Er, Cr:YSGG laser and bur preparation methods regarding microleakage and bond strength values. Conclusions: Irradiation with Er, Cr:YSGG laser was confirmed to be as effective as conventional methods for preparing cavities before adhesive restorations.
Evaluation of the apical adaptation performance of various root canal instruments
Authors: Ceyhanli K. Tolga , Turkun Murat , Erdilek Necdet , Peskersoy Cem , Kose Timur 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the apical root canal adaptation performance of various root canal instruments. Materials and Methods: A total of 40 freshly extracted single-rooted mandibular incisors were used in this study. Coroner parts of all teeth were removed from cemento-enamel junction and root canal of each tooth was explored with a size 8 K-file until the tip of the file was just visible at the apex. Working lengths (WLs) were determined as 1 mm short of these measurements. ProTaper, K-file, profile and hedstroem files were inserted into the root canals of 10 teeth to the WL following the flaring of the coronal and middle thirds. Instruments were fixed in the root canals with acrylic resin. The apical 1 mm of each root tip was ground on wet sandpaper to expose the canal and the instrument at the WL and the apical region of each tooth was examined under stereomicroscope. The stereoscopic images of the teeth were digitized and analyzed with software in order to determine the differences between the areas of root canals and file tips. Result data were analyzed using the one-way analysis of variance test (p = 0.05). Results: There were no significant differences between apical file/root canal areas of the evaluated instruments (p > 0.05). Conclusions: None of the evaluated instruments performed a perfect adaptation with the apical root canal surface at the WL in mandibular incisors. Therefore, total removal of the debris from the apical canal surface may not be achieved when these filing instruments are used.
Prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment needs among 12-15 years old school children of Udaipur, India
Authors: Tak Mridula , Nagarajappa Ramesh , Sharda Archana J , Asawa Kailash , Tak Aniruddh , Jalihal Sagar , Kakatkar Gauri 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT
Objective: The objective of the study is to assess the prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment needs among 12-15 years old school children of Udaipur, India. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted among 887 subjects aged 12-15 years. The prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment needs was assessed using dental aesthetic index (World Health Organization, 1997). General information on demographic data was also recorded. Chi-square test, analysis of variance and Scheffe′s test were employed for statistical analysis. Results: Malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need was reported among 33.3% of the study subjects. A significant age and gender difference depicting preponderance among younger age group and a male proclivity was experiential. A significant improvement in anterior crowding and largest anterior maxillary irregularity with age was documented. Males had a significantly higher prevalence of anterior crowding, midline diastema and largest anterior maxillary irregularity than females. Conclusions: The prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment needs among school children of Udaipur city, Rajasthan, India was found to be 33.3%.A significant age and gender difference was observed in prevalence of malocclusion, crowding and largest anterior maxillary irregularity. Midline diastema showed a significant gender difference. The baseline information outlined in the present study can be appropriately utilized for the future planning to meet the orthodontic treatment need among the population.
The prevalence and distribution pattern of hypodontia among orthodontic patients in Southern Iran
Authors: Hedayati Zohreh , Dashlibrun Yunes Nazari 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTObjectives: To evaluate the pattern and prevalence of hypodontia and its association with different malocclusions among orthodontic patients in southern Iran. Materials and Methods: In this study, a total of 494 records of orthodontic patients (162 males, 332 females) were evaluated. To investigate percent of hypodontia pertinent information of patients was evaluated. Chi-square and Fisher′s exact tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: The prevalence of tooth agenesis was 7.66%. Thirty-eight patients were found to have at least one tooth missing. Number of patients having hypodontia was the most in class III patients, whereas the number of missing teeth was more in class II sample. However, it was not statistically significant (p = 0.569). Upper lateral incisor (27.95%), lower second premolar (21.51%), and upper first premolar (12.9%) were respectively the most frequently absent teeth. There was not statistically significant difference between sexes (p = 0.580). Hypodontia observed to be more bilaterally, in the upper arch and in the left side. Conclusion: The pattern and prevalence of hypodontia is different among races and ethnic groups. In our study population, hypodontia was found to be 7.66%. Higher prevalence of hypodontia in the maxillary arch and in class III patients may be considered as an etiologic factor.
Frequency and distribution of early tooth loss and endodontic treatment needs of permanent first molars in a Turkish pediatric population
Authors: Demirbuga Sezer , Tuncay Oznur , Cantekin Kenan , Cayabatmaz Muhammed , Dincer Asiye Nur , Kilinc Halil İbrahim , Sekerci Ahmet Ercan 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT
Objectives: The objective of this study is to evaluate the frequency and distribution of early tooth loss and endodontic treatment needs of permanent first molars in a Turkish pediatric population. Materials and Methods: A total of 7,895 panoramic radiographs taken for routine dental examination at the Department of Oral Maxillofacial Radiology between 2008 and 2012 years were investigated. Two independent specialists evaluated early tooth loss and endodontic treatment needs of permanent first molars using panoramic radiography and patient anamnesis forms. The teeth were classified according to the following data: (a) Missing teeth, (b) teeth requiring extraction, (c) endodontically treated teeth (ETT), (d) teeth requiring endodontic therapy. The data also classified according to four factors: Age group (6-12 and 13-16), gender (boy and girl), jaw (mandible and maxilla) and side (right and left). A Chi-square test was used for statistical analyses. Results: A total of 19,488 and 12,092 teeth were evaluated in the child group and adolescent group respectively. All data were higher in adolescents than children (p < 0.001). For gender factor, only ETT was higher in girls than it was in boys (p < 0.001). For the jaw factor, all data were higher (p < 0.001) in mandible than in the maxilla. For the side factor, no statistical difference existed between right and left. Conclusions: Early tooth loss and endodontic treatment needs of permanent first molars showed variability according to age groups and jaws. When the results were compared according to the side and gender factors, no statistical difference was found (p > 0.05) except with the data of ETT in gender groups.
Dual-scan technique for the customization of zirconia computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing frameworks
Authors: Andreiuolo Rafael Ferrone , Sabrosa Carlos Eduardo , Cervantes Dias Katia Regina H. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTThe use of bi-layered all-ceramic crowns has continuously grown since the introduction of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) zirconia cores. Unfortunately, despite the outstanding mechanical properties of zirconia, problems related to porcelain cracking or chipping remain. One of the reasons for this is that ceramic copings are usually milled to uniform thicknesses of 0.3-0.6 mm around the whole tooth preparation. This may not provide uniform thickness or appropriate support for the veneering porcelain. To prevent these problems, the dual-scan technique demonstrates an alternative that allows the restorative team to customize zirconia CAD/CAM frameworks with adequate porcelain thickness and support in a simple manner.
Lasers in orthodontics
Authors: Nalcaci Ruhi , Cokakoglu Serpil 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTMany types of dental lasers are currently available that can be efficiently used for soft and hard tissue applications in the field of orthodontics. For achieving the desired effects in the target tissue, knowledge of laser characteristics such as power, wavelength and timing, is necessary. Laser therapy is advantageous because it often avoids bleeding, can be pain free, is non-invasive and is relatively quick. The high cost is its primary disadvantage. It is very important to take the necessary precautions to prevent possible tissue damage when using laser dental systems. Here, we reviewed the main types and characteristics of laser systems used in dental practice and discuss the applications of lasers in orthodontics, harmful effects and laser system safety.
The genetic basis of dental anomalies and its relation to orthodontics
Authors: Cakan Derya Germec , Ulkur Feyza , Taner Tulin 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTThe interruption of odontogenesis by any etiological factor may result in dental anomalies. Apart from the environmental factors, the impact of genetics in dental anomalies was found to be a factor in different levels. Many authors had questioned a common genetic defect resulting in different phenotypic conditions such as absent, malformed, malposed or ectopic teeth. Because the multidisciplinary treatment of these dental anomalies such as hypodontia, impaction etc., involves orthodontic intervention, orthodontists must be aware of the etiology and possible correlative conditions with dental anomalies.
Mechanisms of Financing Investment in Immovable Cultural Heritage
Authors: Ivanc Tjaša , Vrenčur Renato 
Published: January 2014

Protected values of cultural heritage represent a dynamic category, an item, which is not intended only for preservation, but also for improvement. Based on this fact, it is necessary to set up a starting point that immovable cultural heritage has been under the degradation process or the process of reducing its value from the day of its origin, which can be „slowed-down“ by appropriate maintenance. Architectural heritage is found in a paradoxical situation where a regulatory system of mandatory preservation measures and obligations is being established on the one hand, while a poor concern for such heritage is recorded on the other hand. The funds invested in renovation of immovable heritage do not reach assessed values attributed to individual property.
The authors address in their work the issue concerning the effectiveness of the immovable cultural heritage protection from the aspect of national funding systems, as well as from the aspect of interstate funding sources and financing programmes.
Pregnant Desire:
Authors: Seal Samantha Katz 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
This article examines the scene in Chaucer's Merchant's Tale in which May declares both that she is pregnant and that she suffers from a pregnancy-induced hunger for pears that must be satiated to preserve her life. Contextualizing Chaucer's text within medieval scientific discourses on pica (the medical term for often deviant pregnancy cravings), conception, and the physiological stimulation of desire, the article argues that the scene allows Chaucer to complicate more traditional narratives of human culpability and sinfulness in regards to the body's lusts.
Feeling Beauty
Authors: Starr G. Gabrielle 
Published: January 2014

A theory of the neural bases of aesthetic experience across the arts, which draws on the tools of both cognitive neuroscience and traditional humanist inquiry.
In Feeling Beauty, G. Gabrielle Starr argues that understanding the neural underpinnings of aesthetic experience can reshape our conceptions of aesthetics and the arts. Drawing on the tools of both cognitive neuroscience and traditional humanist inquiry, Starr shows that neuroaesthetics offers a new model for understanding the dynamic and changing features of aesthetic life, the relationships among the arts, and how individual differences in aesthetic judgment shape the varieties of aesthetic experience.
Starr, a scholar of the humanities and a researcher in the neuroscience of aesthetics, proposes that aesthetic experience relies on a distributed neural architecture—a set of brain areas involved in emotion, perception, imagery, memory, and language. More important, it emerges from networked interactions, intricately connected and coordinated brain systems that together form a flexible architecture enabling us to develop new arts and to see the world around us differently. Focusing on the "sister arts" of poetry, painting, and music, Starr builds and tests a neural model of aesthetic experience valid across all the arts. Asking why works that address different senses using different means seem to produce the same set of feelings, she examines particular works of art in a range of media, including a poem by Keats, a painting by van Gogh, a sculpture by Bernini, and Beethoven's Diabelli Variations. Starr's innovative, interdisciplinary analysis is true to the complexities of both the physical instantiation of aesthetics and the realities of artistic representation.
Geochemical and isotopic study of a plutonic suite and related early volcanic sequences in the southern Mariana forearc
Authors: Johnson Julie A. , Hickey‐Vargas Rosemary , Fryer Patricia , Salters Vincent , Reagan Mark K. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe forearc of the southern Mariana arc preserves igneous suites formed during the initiation of subduction between the Pacific and Philippine Sea plates about 50 Ma ago. We have studied rare suites of gabbroic to tonalitic plutonic rocks dredged from two locations in the Mariana forearc by cruise by University of Hawai'i cruise KK81‐06‐26. Comparison of the chemical and isotopic (Sr, Nd, Pb, and Hf) characteristics of these rocks with well‐studied volcanics from the forearc reveals that the plutonics from dredge RD63 and RD64 are chemically related to boninites erupted at 48–43 Ma. This is the first report of boninite‐like plutonics in the southern Mariana trench. These suites have trace element characteristics consistent with island arc settings (U/Th: 0.58–1.44, Nb/La: 0.18–0.79) and other features uniquely connected with boninites: TiO2 < 0.15 wt % and Zr/Sm > 25. RD63 plutonics resemble nearby boninite volcanics and were likely derived from differentiated boninite magma with 58% SiO2, forming gabbro by crystal accumulation, diorite and quartz diorite by crystallization, and tonalite by crystallization and/or partial melting. The RD64 suite (gabbro through tonalite) may have had a more depleted magma source and formed by accumulation and crystallization only. Although the physical dimensions of the plutonic body are unknown, the relationship with boninites indicates that felsic intrusives can form during early stages of island arc development. Such rocks could form part of midcrustal low‐velocity layers detected in arc crust by seismic studies. Tonalites similar to those studied here are also found in some ophiolites.
Deep plume origin of the Louisville hotspot: Noble gas evidence
Authors: Hanyu Takeshi 
Published: January 2014

AbstractNoble gas compositions have been reported for basaltic core samples from Louisville seamounts recovered during IODP Expedition 330. The in‐vacuum crushing techniques were employed to extract noble gases from fresh olivine phenocrysts and submarine glasses with ages between 50 and 74 Ma. Stepwise crushing tests confirmed the extraction of magmatic noble gases from the olivine samples with minimal release of posteruption radiogenic nuclides; however, this was not always the case for the glass samples. The 3He/4He ratios of the studied samples range from a value similar to those of mid‐ocean ridge basalts (MORB) to slightly elevated ratios up to 10.6 Ra. These ratios are not as high as those observed in other ocean island basalts, suggesting that the Louisville mantle plume was weak or the samples represent late‐stage magmatic activity of the seamounts. However, two Louisville seamount basalts exhibit a primordial Ne isotopic signature that can be clearly discriminated from MORB Ne ratios. The He and Ne isotopic compositions of the Louisville seamount basalts can be explained by the mixing of less degassed mantle and depleted upper mantle with different He/Ne ratios. The presence of the less degassed mantle component in the source of the Louisville seamounts documents a deep origin of their mantle plume.
Influence of combined primordial layering and recycled MORB on the coupled thermal evolution of Earth's mantle and core
Authors: Nakagawa Takashi , Tackley Paul J. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractA thermo‐chemical mantle convection model with both primordial compositional layering and recycling of mid‐ocean ridge basalt (MORB) coupled to a parameterized core heat balance model is used to investigate how the thermo‐chemical evolution of the mantle affects the thermal history of the core including primordial material proposed by early Earth hypotheses. The viscosity formulation has been improved from our previous works. The amount of MORB that accumulates above the CMB is strongly dependent on effective Rayleigh number, such that more accumulates at higher Ra (lower viscosity), but a continuous layer of MORB is not obtained here. With initial primordial layering, large‐scale thermo‐chemical anomalies are found in the deep mantle, which are generated mainly by the primordial material with small amount of segregated basaltic material on top of it, localized in the hot upwelling region. A successful core evolution can only be obtained when initial primordial layering is present. In conclusion, primordial material above the CMB originated from early mantle differentiation might be needed to construct a realistic model of a coupled mantle and core evolution. However, in the current study, the convective vigor is lower than realistic and we only consider the case that primordial material is denser than MORB.