bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling viscous damping in nonlinear response history analysis of buildings for earthquake excitation
Authors: Chopra Anil K. , McKenna Frank 
Published: September 2015

SummaryThe Rayleigh damping model, which is pervasive in nonlinear response history analysis (RHA) of buildings, is shown to develop ‘spurious’ damping forces and lead to inaccurate response results. We prove that a viscous damping matrix constructed by superposition of modal damping matrices—irrespective of the number of modes included or values assigned to modal damping ratios—completely eliminates the ‘spurious’ damping forces. This is the damping model recommended for nonlinear RHA.Replacing the stiffness‐proportional part of Rayleigh damping by the tangent stiffness matrix is shown to improve response results. However, this model is not recommended because it lacks a physical basis and has conceptual implications that are troubling: hysteresis in damping force–velocity relationship and negative damping at large displacements. Furthermore, the model conflicts with the constant‐damping model that has been the basis for fundamental concepts and accumulated experience about the inelastic response of structures.With a distributed plasticity model, the structural response is not sensitive to the damping model; even the Rayleigh damping model leads to acceptable results. This perspective on damping provides yet another reason to employ the superior distributed plasticity models in nonlinear RHA.OpenSees software has been extended to include a damping matrix defined as the superposition of modal damping matrices. Although this model leads to a full populated damping matrix, the additional computational demands are demonstrated to be minimal. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Competing mechanisms for perfluoroalkyl acid accumulation in plants revealed using an Arabidopsis model system
Authors: Müller Claudia E. , LeFevre Gregory H. , Timofte Anca E. , Hussain Fatima A. , Sattely Elizabeth S. , Luthy Richard G. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract

Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) bioaccumulate in plants, presenting a human exposure route if present in irrigation water. Curiously, accumulation of PFAAs in plant tissues is greatest for both the short-chain and long-chain PFAAs, generating a U-shaped relationship with chain length. In the present study, the authors decouple competing mechanisms of PFAA accumulation using a hydroponic model plant system (Arabidopsis thaliana) exposed to a suite of 10 PFAAs to determine uptake, depuration, and translocation kinetics. Rapid saturation of root concentrations occurred for all PFAAs except perfluorobutanoate, the least-sorptive (shortest-chain) PFAA. Shoot concentrations increased continuously, indicating that PFAAs are efficiently transported and accumulate in shoots. Tissue concentrations of PFAAs during depuration rapidly declined in roots but remained constant in shoots, demonstrating irreversibility of the translocation process. Root and shoot concentration factors followed the U-shaped trend with perfluoroalkyl chain length; however, when normalized to dead-tissue sorption, this relationship linearized. The authors therefore introduce a novel term, the “sorption normalized concentration factor,” to describe PFAA accumulation in plants; because of their hydrophobicity, sorption is the determining factor for long-chain PFAAs, whereas the shortest-chain PFAAs are most effectively transported in the plant. The present study provides a mechanistic explanation for previously unexplained PFAA accumulation trends in plants and suggests that shorter-chained PFAAs may bioaccumulate more readily in edible portions. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:1138–1147. © 2015 SETAC
Optimization of the marinating conditions of cassava fish (Pseudotolithus sp.) fillet for Lanhouin production through application of Doehlert experimental design
Authors: Kindossi Janvier Mêlégnonfan , Anihouvi Victor Bienvenu , Vieira‐Dalodé Générose , Akissoé Noël Houédougbé , Hounhouigan Djidjoho Joseph 
Published: September 2015

AbstractLanhouin is a traditional fermented salted fish made from the spontaneous and uncontrolled fermentation of whole salted cassava fish (Pseudotolithus senegalensis) mainly produced in the coastal regions of West Africa. The combined effects of NaCl, citric acid concentration, and marination time on the physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of the fish fillet used for Lanhouin production were studied using a Doehlert experimental design with the objective of preserving its quality and safety. The marination time has significant effects on total viable and lactic acid bacteria counts, and NaCl content of the marinated fish fillet while the pH was significantly affected by citric acid concentration and marination duration with high regression coefficient R2 of 0.83. The experiment showed that the best conditions for marination process of fish fillet were salt ratio 10 g/100 g, acid citric concentration 2.5 g/100 g, and marination time 6 h. These optimum marinating conditions obtained present the best quality of marinated flesh fish leading to the safety of the final fermented product. This pretreatment is necessary in Lanhouin production processes to ensure its safety quality.
Distributed category‐specific recognition‐memory signals in human perirhinal cortex
Authors: Martin Chris B. , Cowell Rosemary A. , Gribble Paul L. , Wright Jessey , Köhler Stefan 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTEvidence from a large body of research suggests that perirhinal cortex (PrC), which interfaces the medial temporal lobe with the ventral visual pathway for object identification, plays a critical role in item‐based recognition memory. The precise manner in which PrC codes for the prior occurrence of objects, however, remains poorly understood. In the present functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, we used multivoxel pattern analyses to examine whether the prior occurrence of faces is coded by distributed patterns of PrC activity that consist of voxels with decreases as well as increases in signal. We also investigated whether pertinent voxels are preferentially tuned to the specific object category to which judged stimuli belong. We found that, when no a priori constraints were imposed on the direction of signal change, activity patterns that allowed for successful classification of recognition‐memory decisions included some voxels with decreases and others with increases in signal in association with perceived prior occurrence. Moreover, successful classification was obtained in the absence of a mean difference in activity across the set of voxels in these patterns. Critically, we observed a positive relationship between classifier accuracy and behavioral performance across participants. Additional analyses revealed that voxels carrying diagnostic information for classification of memory decisions showed category specificity in their tuning for faces when probed with an independent functional localizer in a nonmnemonic task context. These voxels were spatially distributed in PrC, and extended beyond the contiguous voxel clusters previously described as the anterior temporal face patch. Our findings provide support for proposals, recently raised in the neurophysiological literature, that the prior occurrence of objects is coded by distributed PrC representations. They also suggest that the stimulus category to which an item belongs shapes the organization of these distributed representations. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Food restriction modifies ultrastructure of hippocampal synapses
Authors: Babits Réka , Szőke Balázs , Sótonyi Péter , Rácz Bence 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTConsumption of high‐energy diets may compromise health and may also impair cognition; these impairments have been linked to tasks that require hippocampal function. Conversely, food restriction has been shown to improve certain aspects of hippocampal function, including spatial memory and memory persistence. These diet‐dependent functional changes raise the possibility that the synaptic structure underlying hippocampal function is also affected. To examine how short‐term food restriction (FR) alters the synaptic structure of the hippocampus, we used quantitative electron microscopy to analyze the organization of neuropil in the CA1 stratum radiatum of the hippocampus in young rats, consequent to reduced food. While four weeks of FR did not modify the density, size, or shape of postsynaptic spines, the synapses established by these spines were altered, displaying increased mean length, and more frequent perforations of postsynaptic densities. That the number of perforated synapses (believed to be an indicator of synaptic enhancement) increased, and that the CA1 spine population had on average significantly longer PSDs suggests that synaptic efficacy of axospinous synapses also increased in the CA1. Taken together, our ultrastructural data reveal previously unrecognized structural changes at hippocampal synapses as a function of food restriction, supporting a link between metabolic balance and synaptic plasticity. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparison of 60 and 80 mg/m2 of daunorubicin in induction therapy of acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Vaezi Mohammad , Bahar Babak , Mousavi Asadollah , Yaghmai Marjan , Kasaeian Amir , Souri Maryam , Jahani Mohammad , Alimoghaddam Kamran , Ghavamzadeh Ardeshir 
Published: September 2015

AbstractFor finding better method of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) induction, we designed a prospective clinical trial to find a more effective regimen with least toxicity for induction therapy of AML. Hence, we examined different accepted doses of daunorubicin and their outcomes. Total of 114 patients were included in the study. Fifty‐five patients received 60 mg/m2 of daunorubicin (arm 1) 1 h IV infusion for 3 days, and the remaining 59 received 80 mg/m2 (arm 2) 1 h IV infusion for 3 days. Continuous infusion of 100 mg/m2/day of cytosine arabinozide IV for 24 h for 7 days was given in both groups. Complete remission rate was 77.78% in group 1 and 76.92% in group 2 (p = 0.92). One‐year overall survival was 55.85% [standard error (SE) = 8.05%] in arm 1 and 57.94% (SE = 7.32%) in arm 2. Median follow‐up time was 11.1 (SE = 1.43) and 10.28 (SE = 1.29) months, respectively. One‐year disease‐free survival was 64.41% (SE = 7.39%) in arm 1 and 54.86% (SE = 7.53%) in arm 2. Complete remission, overall survival and disease‐free survival were statistically the same in both groups (p = 0.92, 0.697, 0.31). Toxicity and safety profile were similar in two groups but need to transfusion was higher in arm 2. Febrile neutropenia, days of antibiotics consumption and invasive fungal infection prevalence did not show any difference. Mean transfused packed cells and platelets rate were higher in the group that received higher dose of daunorubicin. Considering these results, we found that 60 mg/m2 of daunorubicin would be more rational and as effective with lower toxicity to 80 mg/m2 in induction therapy of AML patients at least as scheduled in our trial. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Loss of ACSS2 expression predicts poor prognosis in patients with gastric cancer
Authors: Hur Hoon , Kim Young‐Bae , Ham In‐Hye , Lee Dakeun 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundRecent studies have demonstrated that acetyl‐CoA synthetase 2 (ACSS2) plays a critical role in cancer cell survival; however, the role of ACSS2 in gastric carcinogenesis has not been determined.MethodsWe investigated the expression of ACSS2 in human gastric cancer (GC) tissues using immunohistochemistry, and analyzed its clinicopathological correlation and prognostic relevance.ResultsAmong 350 GCs, 219 cases (62.6%) were classified as ACSS2‐low, whereas 131 cases (37.4%) were ACSS2‐high. Loss of ACSS2 expression (ACSS2‐low) was more frequently observed in undifferentiated histology (P = 0.002), in cases with MLH1‐loss (P = 0.003), and in cases with SIRT3‐low (P < 0.001). The ACSS2‐low cases showed significantly lower mean disease‐free survival (DFS, 68.5 vs. 81.8 months; P = 0.025) and overall survival (OS, 73.5 vs. 86.6 months; P = 0.029). In multivariate analysis, loss of ACSS2 expression was identified as one of the independent prognostic factors predicting worse DFS (HR: 1.547, P = 0.018) and OS (HR: 1.476, P = 0.036).ConclusionsWe revealed that the loss of ACSS2 expression is a reliable independent poor prognostic factor in GC. Our results may expand our understanding of the involvement of glucose metabolism, including the role of ACSS2, in the pathogenesis of GC. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015;112:585–591. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Developing a prognostic model for patients with localized osteosarcoma treated with uniform chemotherapy protocol without high dose methotrexate: A single‐center experience of 237 patients
Authors: Nataraj Vijayamurugan , Batra Atul , Rastogi Shishir , Khan Shah Alam , Sharma Mehar Chand , Vishnubhatla Sreenivas , Bakhshi Sameer 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundStudies of baseline prognostic factors in patients with localized osteosarcoma treated without high dose methotrexate are limited.MethodsThis is single‐institutional review of localized osteosarcoma patients treated without high dose methotrexate between June 2003–December 2012. A multivariate analysis of impact of baseline and treatment characteristics on outcome was performed and a prognostic model was developed based solely on baseline factors for predicting event‐free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS).ResultsOf 237 patients with median age of 17 years (range 2–66 yrs), neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) was administered in 220 (92.82%) patients. Post NACT, 200/237 (84.38%) patients underwent surgery. At 30 months median follow‐up, 5‐year EFS and OS were 36.60 ± 0.03%, and 50.33 ± 0.04%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, baseline factors including duration of symptom >4 months (P < 0.001) and good performance status (PS) (P < 0.001) predicted better EFS whereas good PS (P = 0.01) and normal serum alkaline phosphatase (SAP) (P = 0.03) predicted better OS. The 5‐year EFS without any risk factor (symptom duration <4 months, PS>1) was 58.7 ± 0.1%, with either one factor 31.5 ± 0.1% and with both factors 21.9 ± 0.1%. The 5‐year OS without any risk factor (PS>1, elevated SAP) was 66.9 ± 0.1%, with either one factor 57.9 ± 0.1% and with both factors 25.6 ± 0.1%ConclusionsThis prognostic model assists in categorizing risk‐groups within localized osteosarcoma. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015;112:662–668. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Long term water clarity changes in North America's Great Lakes from multi‐sensor satellite observations
Authors: Binding Caren E. , Greenberg Tracie A. , Watson Sue B. , Rastin Shannah , Gould Jessica 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWater clarity in North America's Laurentian Great Lakes has undergone considerable change over the last several decades as a consequence of invasive species, eutrophication, and implemented nutrient management practices. Satellite observations from the CZCS, SeaWiFS, and MODIS‐Aqua sensors have been used in tandem with long term records of Secchi disk depth (ZSD) to provide a retrospective analysis of spatial and temporal variations in water clarity over the Great Lakes. A simple empirical algorithm is presented, relating ZSD to remote‐sensing reflectance at ∼ 550 nm (Rrs∼550). Results suggest remarkable and complex changes in water clarity over the Great Lakes. Lakes Ontario, Huron, and Michigan have seen increases in average ZSD over the three sensor periods of 58%, 49%, and 62%, respectively. Lake Erie shows highly variable ZSD with no consistent long term trends, while Lake Superior has remained fairly consistent in its lake‐wide water clarity conditions. Temporal trends document the decrease in whiting events on Lake Michigan while capturing the ongoing occurrence of these seasonal bright‐water events on Lake Ontario. Results indicate a divergence in ZSD trends between nearshore and offshore environments; with larger increases in offshore than nearshore ZSD and some nearshore areas suggesting a decrease in ZSD. Offshore regions of Lakes Huron, Michigan, and Superior show diminished ZSD seasonality in contrast to increasing seasonal variance in the nearshore. Spatial and temporal variations in ZSD are in agreement with documented reductions in Great Lakes bioproductivity, degrading nearshore water quality, and changing biogeochemical processes influencing whiting events and sediment resuspension.
Star‐Shaped Polypeptides: Synthesis and Opportunities for Delivery of Therapeutics
Authors: Byrne Mark , Murphy Robert , Kapetanakis Antonios , Ramsey Joanne , Cryan Sally‐Ann , Heise Andreas 
Published: September 2015

Significant advances in the synthesis of polypeptides byN‐carboxyanhydride (NCA) polymerisation over the last decade have enabled the design of advanced polypeptide architectures such as star‐shaped polypeptides. These materials combine the functionality offered by amino acids with the flexibility of creating stable nanoparticles with adjustable cargo space for therapeutic delivery. This review highlights recent advances in the synthesis of star polypeptides by NCA polymerisation followed by a critical review of the applications of this class of polymer in the delivery of therapeutic agents. This includes examples of traditional small‐molecule drugs as well as the emerging class of biologics such as genetic therapeutics (gene delivery).image
Striatal and Cortical β‐Amyloidopathy and Cognition in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Shah Neha , Frey Kirk A. , L.T.M Müller Martijn , Petrou Myria , Kotagal Vikas , Koeppe Robert A. , Scott Peter J.H. , Albin Roger L. , Bohnen Nicolaas I. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTIntroductionAlthough most previous cognitive studies of β‐amyloidopathy in PD focused on cortical plaque deposition, recent postmortem studies point to an important role of striatal β‐amyloid plaque deposition. The aim of this study was to investigate the relative contributions of striatal and cortical β‐amyloidopathy to cognitive impairment in PD.MethodsPatients with PD (n = 62; age, 68.9 ± 6.4 years; H & Y stage: 2.7 ± 0.5; MoCA score: 25.2 ± 3.0) underwent [11C]Pittsburgh compound B β‐amyloid, [11C]dihydrotetrabenazine monoaminergic, and [11C]methyl‐4‐piperidinyl propionate acetylcholinesterase brain PET imaging and neuropsychological assessment. [11C]Pittsburgh compound B β‐amyloid data from young to middle‐aged healthy subjects were used to define elevated [11C]Pittsburgh compound B binding in patients.ResultsElevated cortical and striatal β‐amyloid deposition were present in 37% and 16%, respectively, of this predominantly nondemented cohort of patients with PD. Increased striatal β‐amyloid deposition occurred in half of all subjects with increased cortical β‐amyloid deposition. In contrast, increased striatal β‐amyloid deposition did not occur in the absence of increased cortical β‐amyloid deposition. Analysis of covariance using global composite cognitive z scores as the outcome parameter showed significant regressor effects for combined striatal and cortical β‐amyloidopathy (F = 4.18; P = 0.02) after adjusting for covariate effects of cortical cholinergic activity (F = 5.67; P = 0.02), caudate nucleus monoaminergic binding, duration of disease, and age (total model: F = 3.55; P = 0.0048). Post‐hoc analysis showed significantly lower cognitive z score for combined striatal and cortical β‐amyloidopathy, compared to cortical‐only β‐amyloidopathy and non‐β‐amyloidopathy subgroups.ConclusionsThe combined presence of striatal and cortical β‐amyloidopathy is associated with greater cognitive impairment than cortical β‐amyloidopathy alone in PD. © 2015 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Cost‐effectiveness of Occupational Therapy in Older People: Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Nagayama Hirofumi , Tomori Kounosuke , Ohno Kanta , Takahashi Kayoko , Yamauchi Keita 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA systematic review of the cost‐effectiveness of occupational therapy for older people was conducted. MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, OT seeker and unpublished trials registers were searched. Reference lists of all potentially eligible studies were searched with no language restrictions. We included trial‐based full economic evaluations that considered both costs and outcomes in occupational therapy for older people compared with standard care (i.e. other therapy) or no intervention. We reviewed each trial for methodological quality using the Cochrane risk of bias tool and assessed the quality of economic evaluations using a Drummond checklist. In the results of this review, we included five eligible studies (1–5) that were randomized controlled trials with high‐quality economic evaluation. Two studies were full economic evaluations of interventions for fall prevention (1 and 2); two studies were full economic evaluations of preventive occupational therapy interventions (3 and 4; one was a comparison of an occupational therapy group with a social work group); one study was a full economic evaluation of occupational therapy for individuals with dementia (5). Two of the studies (one was preventive occupational therapy [3] and the other was occupational therapy for dementia [5]) found a significant effect and confirmed the cost‐effectiveness of occupational therapy for older people compared with the control group. These studies found that occupational therapy for older people was clinically effective and cost‐effective in comparison with standard care or other therapies. With reference to their clinical implication, these intervention studies (using a client‐centred approach) suggested potentially cost‐effective means to motivate clients to maintain their own health. However, this review has limitations because of the high heterogeneity of the reviewed studies on full economic evaluations of occupational therapy for older people. Future studies on the cost‐effectiveness of occupational therapy in older people are strongly warranted. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural insights into the intertwined dimer of fyn SH2
Authors: Huculeci Radu , Garcia‐Pino Abel , Buts Lieven , Lenaerts Tom , van Nuland Nico 
Published: September 2015

AbstractSrc homology 2 domains are interaction modules dedicated to the recognition of phosphotyrosine sites incorporated in numerous proteins found in intracellular signaling pathways. Here we provide for the first time structural insight into the dimerization of Fyn SH2 both in solution and in crystalline conditions, providing novel crystal structures of both the dimer and peptide‐bound structures of Fyn SH2. Using nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shift analysis, we show how the peptide is able to eradicate the dimerization, leading to monomeric SH2 in its bound state. Furthermore, we show that Fyn SH2's dimer form differs from other SH2 dimers reported earlier. Interestingly, the Fyn dimer can be used to construct a completed dimer model of Fyn without any steric clashes. Together these results extend our understanding of SH2 dimerization, giving structural details, on one hand, and suggesting a possible physiological relevance of such behavior, on the other hand.