bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Austenite Evolution in Low-Carbon Steel by Combining Thermo-Mechanical Simulation and EBSD Data
Authors: Weyand Stephan , Britz Dominik , Rupp Daniel , Mücklich Frank 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The thermo-mechanical simulator Gleeble 3800 was used in combination with the electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) technique to analyze the austenite microstructure evolution during hot deformation in a low-carbon, microalloyed steel. The parent austenite grain structure was automatically reconstructed from EBSD datasets by applying the commercially available ARPGE software [Cayron, C., Artaud, B., and Briottet, L., “Reconstruction of Parent Grains from EBSD Data,” Mater. Charact., Vol. 57, Nos. 4–5, 2006, pp. 386–401]. The work aims at two aspects: the ability to quantify the austenite evolution depending on different process parameters, and the validation of the EBSD reconstruction software ARPGE to evaluate the accuracy of reconstruction and demonstrating the application in low-carbon steels. For these steels, the conventional metallographic methods like Bechet-Beaujard [Bechet, S. and Beaujard, L., “Nouveau réactif pour la mise en évidence micrographique du grain austénitique des aciers trempés ou trempés-revenus,” Rev. Met., 1955] are limited and not reproducible in determining the former austenite. The presented approach provides an attractive alternative. In this context, hot compression tests were performed on cylindrical samples using a Gleeble 3800 simulator to create defined austenite conditions. The samples were rapidly quenched after processing to preserve the austenite microstructure. The obtained bainitic/martensitic microstructure is an essential precondition for the reconstruction procedure. For the validation of the results, correlative measurements using classical metallographic techniques and ARPGE data were performed to check the reliability of the reconstruction. The results obtained in this study provide a direct correlation of the microstructure simulation by Gleeble and the austenite microstructure evolution during processing of low-carbon steels. Especially, austenite grain-growth phenomena and grain refinement could be successfully observed and quantified. Furthermore, the measurements show that even on large EBSD maps (1000 μm × 1000 μm), the shape of the austenite grains are calculated with good accuracy.
Mechanisms Leading to Rhythm Cessation in the Respiratory PreBötzinger Complex Due to Piecewise Cumulative Neuronal Deletions
Authors: Song Hanbing , Hayes John A. , Vann Nikolas C. , Drew LaMar M. , Del Negro Christopher A. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe mammalian breathing rhythm putatively originates from Dbx1-derived interneurons in the preBötzinger complex (preBötC) of the ventral medulla. Cumulative deletion of ∼15% of Dbx1 preBötC neurons in anin vitrobreathing model stops rhythmic bursts of respiratory-related motor output. Here we assemblein silicomodels of preBötC networks using random graphs for structure, and ordinary differential equations for dynamics, to examine the mechanisms responsible for the loss of spontaneous respiratory rhythm and motor output measured experimentallyin vitro. Model networks subjected to cellular ablations similarly discontinue functionality. However, our analyses indicate that model preBötC networks remain topologically intact even after rhythm cessation, suggesting that dynamics coupled with structural properties of the underlying network are responsible for rhythm cessation. Simulations show that cumulative cellular ablations diminish the number of neurons that can be recruited to spike per unit time. When the recruitment rate drops below 1 neuron/ms the network stops spontaneous rhythmic activity. Neurons that play pre-eminent roles in rhythmogenesis include those that commence spiking during the quiescent phase between respiratory bursts and those with a high number of incoming synapses, which both play key roles in recruitment, i.e., recurrent excitation leading to network bursts. Selectively ablating neurons with many incoming synapses impairs recurrent excitation and stops spontaneous rhythmic activity and motor output with lower ablation tallies compared with random deletions. This study provides a theoretical framework for the operating mechanism of mammalian central pattern generator networks and their susceptibility to loss-of-function in the case of disease or neurodegeneration.
Morphological and Phagocytic Profile of Microglia in the Developing Rat Cerebellum
Authors: Perez-Pouchoulen Miguel , VanRyzin Jonathan W. , McCarthy Margaret M. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractMicroglia are being increasingly recognized as playing important roles in neurodevelopment. The cerebellum matures postnatally, undergoing major growth, but the role of microglia in the developing cerebellum is not well understood. Using the laboratory rat we quantified and morphologically categorized microglia throughout the vermis and across development using a design-based unbiased stereology method. We found that microglial morphology changed from amoeboid to ramified during the first 3 postnatal weeks in a region specific manner. These morphological changes were accompanied by the sudden appearance of phagocytic cups during the third postnatal week from P17 to P19, with an approximately fourfold increase compared with the first week, followed by a prompt decline at the end of the third week. The microglial phagocytic cups were significantly higher in the granular layer (∼69%) than in the molecular layer (ML; ∼31%) during a 3 d window, and present on ∼67% of microglia with thick processes and ∼33% of microglia with thin processes. Similar proportions of phagocytic cups associated to microglia with either thick or thin processes were found in the ML. We observed cell nuclei fragmentation and cleaved caspase-3 expression within some microglial phagocytic cups, presumably from dying granule neurons. At P17 males showed an approximately twofold increase in microglia with thin processes compared with females. Our findings indicate a continuous process of microglial maturation and a nonuniform distribution of microglia in the cerebellar cortex that implicates microglia as an important cellular component of the developing cerebellum.
Study of the Efficiency of Hybrid Energy Storage Systems on the Basis of Electric Double Layer Capacitor and Accumulator
Authors: Karabanov Sergey M. , Karabanov Andrey S. , Suvorov Dmitriy V. , Gololobov Gennadiy P. , Slivkin Evgeniy V. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTCurrently the improvement of stand-alone PV power systems characteristics, including increase of their service life is the actual direction of ground solar power development. The analysis of stand-alone PV power systems efficiency with the use of ultra capacitors is carried out by the means of mathematical modeling. The obtained data shows that the use of ultra capacitors as additional short-term energy storage devices in stand-alone PV power systems contributes to considerable increase of storage batteries lifetime and the total system operating time.
Acoustic assessment of species richness and assembly rules in ensiferan communities from temperate ecosystems
Authors: Roca Irene T. , Proulx Raphaël 
Published: August 2015

AbstractVocalizing animals are known to produce a wide range of species‐specific spectral and temporal communication patterns. As a consequence, the acoustic heterogeneity of insect communities is expected to increase with the number of vocalizing species. Using a combination of simulation models and field surveys, we tested the hypotheses that (1) acoustic heterogeneity increases with the number of cricket and katydid species in ensiferan communities and (2) acoustic heterogeneity of naturally assembled ensiferan communities is higher than that of randomly assembled ones. The slope of the acoustic heterogeneity–species richness relationship in naturally assembled communities was positive but did not differ from that of randomly assembled communities, suggesting a rather weak competition for the acoustic space. Comparing the species richness–acoustic heterogeneity relationship of naturally and randomly assembled communities, our study provides a novel approach for understanding species assembly rules in animal groups that rely on acoustic communication.
Demographic buffering of life histories? Implications of the choice of measurement scale
Authors: Bjørkvoll Eirin , Lee Aline M. , Grøtan Vidar , Sæther Bernt‐Erik , Stien Audun , Engen Steinar , Albon Steve , Loe Leif Egil , Hansen Brage Bremset 
Published: August 2015

AbstractLife‐history theory predicts that the vital rates that influence population growth the most should be buffered against environmental fluctuations due to selection for reduced variation. However, it remains unclear whether populations actually are influenced by such “demographic buffering,” because variation in vital rates can be compared on different measurement scales, and there has been little attempt to investigate whether the choice of scale influences the chance of detecting demographic buffering. We compared two statistical approaches to examine whether demographic buffering has influenced vital rates in wild Svalbard reindeer (Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus). To account for statistical variance constraints on vital rates limited between 0 and 1 in analyses of demographic buffering, one approach is to scale observed variation by the maximum possible variation on the arithmetic scale. When applying this approach, the results suggested that demographic buffering was occurring. However, when we applied an alternative approach that identified statistical variance constraints on the logit scale, there was no evidence for demographic buffering. Thus, the choice of measurement scale must be carefully considered before one can fully understand whether demographic buffering influences life histories. Defining the appropriate scale may require an understanding of the mechanisms through which demographic buffering may have evolved.
The Effectiveness of Local Antibiotics in Treating Chronic Osteomyelitis in
a Cohort of 50 Patients with an Average of 4 Years Follow-Up
Authors: Leung Andraay H.C. , Hawthorn Benjamin R. , Simpson A. Hamish R.W. 
Published: August 2015

The treatment of chronic osteomyelitis requires both appropriate surgical and antibiotic management.
Prolonged intravenous antibiotic therapy followed by oral therapy is widely utilised. Despite this, the long-term
recurrence rate can be up to 30%.
A cohort of 50 patients from a 7-year period, 2003 to 2010, with chronic osteomyelitis was identified. This cohort was
treated by surgical marginal resection in combination with local application of antibiotics (Collatamp G - gentamicin in a
collagen fleece), a short course of systemic antibiotics post-operatively and conversion to oral antibiotics on discharge.
Information was retrieved from case notes and computerized records. Outcomes from this cohort were compared with a
historical cohort treated with marginal resection followed by 6 weeks of systemic antibiotics and 6 weeks of oral
antibiotics.
The mean follow-up duration was 3.2 years (SD 1.8). The average length of admission was 9.8 days (SD 11.4). 6 patients
(12%) suffered recurrence of infection requiring further treatment. We used the Cierny and Mader classification to stratify
the patients. 'A' hosts had a shorter duration of admission (7.1 days) than 'B' hosts (12.3 days). There was no significant
difference between recurrence rates of 'A' and 'B' hosts. Where available, we found pre-operative C-reactive protein (CRP)
and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) levels had no correlation with disease recurrence. Disease-free probability for
this cohort compared favourably with the historical cohort.
We believe local administration of gentamicin in a collagen fleece is a useful component in the management of chronic
osteomyelitis.
Twentieth-century warming preserved in a Geladaindong mountain ice core, central Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Zhang Yulan , Kang Shichang , Grigholm Bjorn , Zhang Yongjun , Kaspari Susan , Morgenstern Uwe , Ren Jiawen , Qin Dahe , Mayewski Paul A. , Zhang Qianggong , Cong Zhiyuan , Sillanpää Mika , Schwikowski Margit , Chen Feng 
Published: August 2015

AbstractHigh-resolution δ18O records from a Geladaindong mountain ice core spanning the period 1477-1982 were used to investigate past temperature variations in the Yangtze River source region of the central Tibetan Plateau (TP). Annual ice-core δ18O records were positively correlated with temperature data from nearby meteorological stations, suggesting that the δ18O record represented the air temperature in the region. A generally increasing temperature trend over the past 500 years was identified, with amplified warming during the 20th century. A colder stage, spanning before the 1850s, was found to represent the Little Ice Age with colder periods occurring during the 1470s–1500s, 1580s–1660s, 1700s–20s and 1770s–1840s. Compared with other temperature records from the TP and the Northern Hemisphere, the Geladaindong ice-core record suggested that the regional climate of the central TP experienced a stronger warming trend during the 20th century than other regions. In addition, a positive relationship between the Geladaindong δ18O values and the North Atlantic Oscillation index, combined with a wavelet analysis of δ18O records, indicated that there was a potential atmospheric teleconnection between the North Atlantic and the central TP.
A satellite-derived glacier inventory for North Asia
Authors: Earl Lucas , Gardner Alex 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis study outlines a consistent methodology for identifying glacier surfaces from Landsat 5, 7 and 8 imagery that is applied to map all mainland North Asian glaciers, providing the first methodologically consistent and complete glacier inventory for the region ~2010. We identify 5065 glaciers covering a planimetric area of 2326 ± 186 km2, most of which is located in the Altai mountain subregion. The total glacier count is 15% higher, but the total glacier area is 32 ±11.6% lower, than the estimated glacier coverage provided in version 4.0 of the Randolph Glacier Inventory. We investigate the distribution of glacier size within North Asia and find that the majority of glaciers (82%) are smaller than 0.5 km2 but only account for a third of the total glacier area, with the largest 1 % (60 glaciers ≥ 5 km2 ) accounting for 28% of the total area. We present hypsometric characterizations of North Asian glaciers, largely substantiating existing findings that glaciers in this region are dominated by cold, relatively dry conditions. We provide a detailed assessment of errors and determine the uncertainty in our area estimate to be ±8.0%, with snow-cover uncertainty the largest contributing factor. Based on this assessment, the new glacier inventory presented here is more complete and of higher quality than other currently available data sources.
Automated detection and temporal monitoring of crevasses using remote sensing and their implications for glacier dynamics
Authors: Bhardwaj Anshuman , Sam Lydia , Singh Shaktiman , Kumar Rajesh 
Published: August 2015

AbstractDetailed studies on temporal changes of crevasses and their linkage with glacier dynamics are scarce in the Himalayan context. Observations of temporally changing surficial crevasse patterns and their orientations are suggestive of the processes that determine seasonal glacier flow characteristics. In the present study, on a Himalayan valley glacier, changing crevasse patterns and orientations were detected and mapped on Landsat 8 images in an automated procedure using the ratio of Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) band 10 to Optical Land Imager (OLI) shortwave infrared (SWIR) band 6. The ratio was capable of mapping even crevasses falling under mountain shadows. Differential GPS observations suggested an average error of 3.65% and root-mean-square error of 6.32m in crevasse lengths. A year-round observation of these crevasses, coupled with field-based surface velocity measurements, provided some interesting interpretations of seasonal glacier dynamics.
A COMPARETIVE ANALYSIS OF AERODYNAMIC CHARECTERISTICS OF A VERTICAL AXIS VANE TYPE WIND TURBINE OVER EVEN AND ODD NUMBER OF BLADES
Authors: Ferdous Zulfa , Islam Md. Quamrul , Ali M 
Published: August 2015

This paper reports on the experimental investigation of the aerodynamic effects on even and odd number bladed vertical axis vane type rotor. The experiment was conducted with the help of a subsonic wind tunnel together with the experimental set-up of the vane type rotor and a spring balance. To ensure a Reynolds number independent approach, different stream flow was maintained. The flow velocities varied from 5 m/s to 9 m/s covering the Reynolds number from 0.6375 X 10^5 to 1.2 X 10^5. A four, five and six bladed vertical axis vane typerotor was used to determine the aerodynamic properties in dynamic condition. It is found that the power coefficient increases with increasing the number of blade but the significant effect of even and odd number blade is observed on the range of tip speed ratio. An odd number bladed rotor covered a wide range of tip speed ratio compare to the even number one.
Towards collaboration as learning: evaluation of an open CPD opportunity for HE teachers
Authors: Nerantzi Chrissi , Gossman Peter 
Published: August 2015

Flexible, Distance and Online Learning (FDOL) is an open online course offered as an informal cross-institutional collaboration based on a postgraduate module in the context of teacher education in higher education. The second iteration, FDOL132, was offered in 2013 using a problem-based learning (PBL) design (FISh) to foster collaborative learning. How this was experienced by participants and how it affected learning within facilitated small groups are explored in this paper. Findings show that authentic learning in groups can be applied directly to practice, and greater flexibility and a focus on the process of collaborative learning has the potential to increase engagement and learning.Keywords: academic development; problem-based learning; open educational practice; phenomenographyCitation: Research in Learning Technology 2015, 23: 26967 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/rlt.v23.26967
Association of Serum Magnesium Deficiency with Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Chutia Happy , Lynrah Kyrshanlang G 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT
Background: Insulin resistance (IR) is the key pathophysiological defect that leads to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The purpose of this study was to estimate serum magnesium level and insulin sensitivity indices among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and to see an association between them.
Methods: This study was carried out among 38 type 2 diabetic patients and forty age and sex matched controls. Serum fasting glucose, magnesium, insulin, urea, and creatinine levels were estimated. Insulin sensitivity indices, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) levels were calculated as per formulae.
Results: A highly significant low serum magnesium level was found in diabetic subjects as compared to the controls. Statistically significant high HOMA levels (>2.6) and low QUICKI levels (< 0.33) were found among the case group. An inverse, statistically significant correlation was found between serum magnesium and fasting insulin level. A highly statistically significant inverse correlation was found between serum magnesium and HOMA level, and a positive correlation was found between serum magnesium and QUICKI level, that is, serum magnesium level decreases with increase in IR. A strong association was also found between fasting serum insulin level and insulin sensitivity indices.
Conclusion: This study showed a lower serum magnesium level in diabetic patients compared to control. A strong association was also found between serum magnesium level and insulin sensitivity indices. For proper management of type 2 diabetes, it may, therefore, be necessary to treat hypomagnesemia in these patients.
Clinicomycological Study of Dermatophytosis in South India
Authors: Poluri Lakshmi Vasantha , Indugula Jyothi P , Kondapaneni Sai L 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT
Introduction: Dermatophytic infections are commonly encountered a problem and constitute more than 50% of cases in dermatology outpatient departments. Diagnosis of these infections requires the proper use of laboratory methods.
Objectives: This study was conducted to know the etiology of dermatophytosis in patients attending Tertiary Care Level Hospital in South India and to compare the efficacy of Sabouraud’s dextrose agar (SDA) with actidione and dermatophyte test medium (DTM) in isolating and identifying dermatophytes.
Materials and Methods: A total of 110 samples which included 101 skin samples and 9 hair samples from clinically suspected dermatophytosis were collected. Direct microscopy by KOH and culture on SDA with actidione and DTM were done.
Results: Of 110 samples collected, 58.18% were KOH positive for fungal filaments and 56.36% were culture positive for dermatophytes. More number of cases were observed between age groups of 21–40 years. Males were more affected compared to females. Tinea corporis was the common clinical presentation observed (40%). Trichophyton rubrum (58.06%) was the predominant isolate recovered in all clinical presentations but Trichophyton violaceum was the most common isolate in tinea capitis. All culture positives were grown on both SDA with actidione and DTM. Appearance of growth was earlier on DTM that is, within 10 days compared to SDA with actidione where growth started appearing only after 10 days. This is statistically significant P < 0.0001 (X
2 = 71.6). Species level identification on primary isolation was possible when grown on SDA with actidione and it was not possible with the growth on DTM on primary isolation.
Conclusion: DTM is a good screening medium in laboratory diagnosis of dermatophytosis when compared to SDA with actidione. But DTM is inferior to SDA with actidione in identification of dermatophyte species.