bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trauma, Psychiatric, Substance Use, and Thought Disorders Among Youth in the Juvenile Justice System and How to Deal with Them
Authors: Huskey Bobbie L. , Tomczak Paula 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe personal stories that youth in juvenile facilities report to their counselors are heartbreaking because they are filled with accounts of excessive trauma resulting from neglect, physical, sexual, and emotional violence perpetrated on these children. Perry found that trauma develops from severe neglect, abuse, and living in terrorizing environments. Trauma changes the neural processing ability within the child's developing brain which can lead to hypervigilance and dysfunctional behavior. Widom found that children who had been abused or neglected as children have 30% higher arrests as a juvenile and as an adult for a violent offense.
Navigating the Legal Framework for State Foodborne Illness Surveillance and Outbreak Response: Observations and Challenges
Authors: David Stephanie D. , Katz Rebecca L. 
Published: October 2015

For at least the past 15 years, food safety stakeholders across all levels of government have recognized the critical role that state and local agencies play in our nation's food safety system. State and local agencies are the first responders to foodborne outbreaks and have primary responsibility for keeping their residents safe from foodborne disease through effective surveillance and rapid response to outbreaks. They also conduct the vast majority of food safety inspections across the nation's restaurants, grocery stores, and other food service and food retail establishments.Recent efforts among industry and government officials alike have focused on creating a more integrated, prevention-oriented food safety system. The Food Safety Modernization Act, the first major overhaul of the nation's food safety laws since the 1930s, now mandates that most sectors of the food industry put preventive controls in place, changing the emphasis of what the FDA does from response to prevention.
Changing Law from Barrier to Facilitator of Opioid Overdose Prevention
Authors: Davis Corey , Webb Damika , Burris Scott 
Published: October 2015

Drug overdose has recently surpassed motor vehicle accidents to become the leading cause of unintentional injury death in the United States. The epidemic is largely driven by opioids such as oxycodone, hydrocodone, and methadone, which kill more Americans than heroin and cocaine combined. The demographics of overdose have changed over the past few decades as well: according to the latest data, the average overdose victim is now a non-Hispanic white man aged 45-54.These deaths — over 16,000 per year — are almost entirely preventable. Opioid overdose kills by slowly depressing respiration, a process that can take several hours. It can be quickly and effectively reversed by the timely administration of naloxone, an opioid antagonist that works by displacing opioids from the brain receptors to which they attach, reversing their depressant effect. Naloxone, also known as Narcan, has many benefits and minimal risks. Although it is a prescription drug, it is not a controlled substance and has no abuse potential.
Parallel Problems: Applying Institutional Corruption Analysis of Congress to Big Pharma
Authors: Fields Gregg 
Published: October 2015

In 1995, Dennis Thompson, the founding director of Harvard’s program in Ethics and the Professions, authored a book entitled Ethics in Congress. That subject, in and of itself, seemingly was not new. And it undoubtedly inspired a few irreverent snickers. Consider that a Goggle search of “Ethics in Congress oxymoron” recently produced 5.79 million results in just over a tenth of a second.But it was the subtitle of the book — From Individual to Institutional Corruption — that revealed how Thompson’s tome signaled an abrupt departure from the standard paradigms for measuring political corruption.
Pharmaceuticals, Political Money, and Public Policy: A Theoretical and Empirical Agenda
Authors: Jorgensen Paul D. 
Published: October 2015

The point, for the 946,326th time is that people get elected to office by currying the favor of powerful interest groups. They don’t get elected for their excellence as political philosophers.Congress has consistently failed to solve some serious problems with the cost, effectiveness, and safety of pharmaceuticals. In part, this failure results from the pharmaceutical industry convincing legislators to define policy problems in ways that protect industry profits. By targeting campaign contributions to influential legislators and by providing them with selective information, the industry manages to displace the public’s voice in developing pharmaceutical policy.
Legal Change and Stigma in Surrogacy and Abortion
Authors: Robertson John A. 
Published: October 2015

The role of stigma in limiting reproductive rights has long hovered in the air. Paula Abrams has sorted through the concept and shown how it operates in two major areas of procreative liberty — having a child through surrogacy and avoiding childbirth by abortion. Her paper is especially useful for showing how legal change initially dilutes stigma but may reinstall it with post-legalization regulation.Abrams argues that both abortion and surrogacy are stigmatized because they deviate from traditional gender roles and social expectations about pregnancy and maternity. Past restrictions have rested on a common legal and cultural paradigm of the good mother: a woman who conceives, carries her child to term, and then rears the child. Indeed, as she later argues, evidence of stigma surrounding a practice is “relevant to determining whether laws regulating abortion or surrogacy are based on impermissible stereotyping.”
Conceiving of Products and the Products of Conception: Reflections on Commodification, Consumption, ART, and Abortion
Authors: Madeira Jody Lyneé 
Published: October 2015

Thorny and difficult questions permeate the issue of commodification of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) and abortion. Are ART and abortion services or medical treatment? Are those who seek them patients or consumers? How should we understand the complex relationship between money, markets, choice, and the care relationship?This paper rejects the dichotomy between patient and consumer roles and focuses instead on how attributes of each are meaningful to those seeking health care. Arguing that health care is already commodified, it suggests that both medicine and the market offer strategies for handling commodification. The important questions are how we understand these attributes and their role in care relationships, and which attributes we should encourage. The medical profession and patient role have long accommodated commodification, using fiduciary roles, flat fees and opaque pricing to distance payment and pricing from care provision.
Particle size distribution and morphological changes in activated carbon‐metal oxide hybrid catalysts prepared under different heating conditions
Authors: BARROSO‐BOGEAT A. , ALEXANDRE‐FRANCO M. , FERNÁNDEZ‐GONZÁLEZ C. , GÓMEZ‐SERRANO V. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryIn catalysis processes, activated carbon (AC) and metal oxides (MOs) are widely used either as catalysts or as catalyst supports because of their unique properties. A combination of AC and a MO in a single hybrid material entails changes not only in the composition, microstructure and texture but also in the morphology, which may largely influence the catalytic behaviour of the resulting product. This work is aimed at investigating the modifications in the morphology and particle size distribution (PSD) for AC‐MO hybrid catalysts as a result of their preparation under markedly different heating conditions. From a commercial AC and six MO (Al2O3, Fe2O3, ZnO, SnO2, TiO2 and WO3) precursors, two series of such catalysts are prepared by wet impregnation, oven‐drying at 120ºC, and subsequent heat treatment at 200ºC or 850ºC in inert atmosphere. The resulting samples are characterized in terms of their morphology and PSD by scanning electron microscopy and ImageJ processing program. Obtained results indicate that the morphology, PSD and degree of dispersion of the supported catalysts are strongly dependent both on the MO precursor and the heat treatment temperature. With the temperature rise, trends are towards the improvement of crystallinity, the broadening of the PSD and the increase in the average particle size, thus suggesting the involvement of sintering mechanisms. Such effects are more pronounced for the Fe, Sn and W catalysts due to the reduction of the corresponding MOs by AC during the heat treatment at 850ºC.
Disappearing Call Delay and Dividend‐Protected Convertible Bonds
Authors: GRUNDY BRUCE D. , VERWIJMEREN PATRICK 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTFirms do not historically call their convertible bonds as soon as conversion can be forced. A number of explanations for the delay rely on the size of the dividends that bondholders forgo so long as they do not convert. We investigate an important change in convertible security design, namely, dividend protection of convertible bond issues. Dividend protection means that the conversion value of the convertible bond is unaffected by dividend payments and thus dividend‐related rationales for call delay become moot. We document that call delay is near zero for dividend‐protected convertible bonds.
The Rhetoric Of Context
Authors: Lee Jung H. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis paper presents a critical appraisal of the recent turn in comparative religious ethics to virtue theory; it argues that the specific aspirations of virtue ethicists to make ethics more contextual, interdisciplinary, and practice‐centered has in large measure failed to match the rhetoric. I suggest that the focus on the category of the human and practices associated with self‐formation along with a methodology grounded in “analogical imagination” has actually poeticized the subject matter into highly abstract textual studies on normative voices within traditions, largely in isolation from considerations of socio‐historical context, political and institutional pressures, and the lived ethics of non‐elite moral actors. I conclude with some programmatic suggestions for how the field of comparative religious ethics can move forward.
Redeeming the Acquired Virtues
Authors: Herdt Jennifer A. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe probing readings of Putting On Virtue offered by Sheryl Overmyer, Darlene Weaver, and James Foster provide a welcome opportunity for further reflection on key questions: Was Aquinas really concerned with the status of pagan virtues? Can we properly understand a thinker whose driving questions are not the same as our own without taking up a stance of pure deference? Can an inquiry into hyper‐Augustinian anxiety over acquired virtue assist us in arriving at an account of positive self‐regard? Can an account that stresses the graced character of all virtue formation be coherent? And can it do justice to the ways in which Christians reached for accounts of infused virtue precisely in order to affirm how grace overcomes the ways in which fortune hounds acquired virtue? I respond affirmatively to all of the above.
Team‐Based Approaches in Early Intervention Services for Children With Disabilities: Irish Parents' Experiences
Authors: Fitzgerald Noelle , Ryan Patrick , Fitzgerald Amanda 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe authors report on a study addressing gaps in the literature regarding parents' experiences of team‐based approaches for their children with disabilities in practice in early intervention services. Specifically, this study examined the facilitators and barriers of the multidisciplinary and transdisciplinary models through a qualitative, grounded theory approach employed in which semi‐structured interviews and focus group discussions were conducted with 19 parents (15 mothers and four fathers from 18 families) of children with disabilities from two early intervention services in Ireland. The results revealed that both models contained client‐centered values for parents, such as enabling a child/family‐centered model and facilitating parent empowerment. Also, parents reported a range of obstacles, which included misuse of time, inefficient delivery of services, lack of support, and their sense of confusion shifting from one model to another. The delivery of a key working system was also seen as worthwhile by parents. The authors concluded that parents placed the highest value on team guidance and teams' ability to promote optimal development for children. The authors note that their findings suggest that considerable gaps remain between policy and service provision in early intervention services in the Republic of Ireland regarding implementation of best practice team models for children with disabilities and their families.
The Linguistic Geography of the French of Northern France: Do We Have the Basic Data?
Authors: Hall Damien 
Published: October 2015

AbstractLinguistic geography and dialectology in France have a long and distinguished history. Much foundational early work on the geography of accents and dialects was done there in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, with the work of Gilliéron and Edmont, and their successors. Later, such distinguished figures as Martinet, Walter and others continued the tradition. Most of this dialectology, though, has in common the fact that it is done by ear: a trained fieldworker interviews participants and writes down what he / she hears. Meanwhile, in the United States, Labov, Ash and Boberg have pioneered a new method of phonetic and phonological dialectology, where maps are made not from a linguist's impressions of sounds but from actual phonetic measurements of those sounds. This article describes the French dialectological tradition and these more recent techniques from the United States, then goes on to describe Towards A New Linguistic Atlas of France (TANLAF), a project which will apply these American phonetic and phonological techniques to the linguistic geography of the regional French varieties of Northern France.
Thomistic Reflections on Teleology and Contemporary Biological Research
Authors: Tkacz Michael W. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractModern biologists often claim to be committed to a strong reductionist conception of scientific explanation, in contrast to the teleological explanations of medieval natural philosophers. Attention to the actual explanatory strategies used in contemporary biological research, however, reveals a dependence on final cause explanations. A good example can be found in adaptation studies where explanation is typically in terms of optimal design models. Such optimality models are teleological precisely in the way Thomas Aquinas and Albertus Magnus insisted explanation of natural forms must be. Consequently, the non-reductionist conception of final cause defended by Neo-Aristotelian philosophers of science is entirely consistent with common modes of explanation used by contemporary biological researchers.
Economic aspects of intraoperative coagulation management targeting higher fibrinogen concentrations during major craniosynostosis surgery
Authors: Haas Thorsten , Spielmann Nelly , Restin Tanja , Schmidt Alexander R. , Schmugge Markus , Cushing Melissa M. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryBackgroundResults of a previously published study demonstrated a significant decrease in transfusion requirements and calculated blood loss for pediatric major craniosynostosis surgery, if a ROTEM® FIBTEM trigger of <13 mm (early substitution group) was applied as compared to a trigger of <8 mm (conventional group). The aim of this study was a posthoc analysis of the costs for this coagulation management.MethodsThe total volume as well as the number of units or bags for all transfused blood products and coagulation factors were recorded for each case. The number of laboratory and point‐of‐care coagulation tests was also analyzed. Total blood product costs were calculated according to the local prices per unit.ResultsThe total cost for all transfused/administered blood products/coagulation factors per patient was a median of 1023EUR (IQR 850EUR–1058EUR) in the early substitution group as compared to a median of 910EUR (IQR 719EUR–1351EUR) in the conventional group (P = 0.81). No difference in the number of coagulation tests performed was observed.ConclusionIn this study, the use of a higher fibrinogen trigger was not linked to a significant increase in total costs for transfused blood products and coagulation factors, and may offer an economically equivalent approach to coagulation management.
The presumed central nervous system effects of rocuronium in a neonate and its reversal with sugammadex
Authors: Langley Ross J. , McFadzean Jillian , McCormack Jon 
Published: October 2015

SummaryWe describe a 2‐day‐old male infant who received rocuronium as part of general anesthesia for a tracheal esophageal fistula repair. Postoperatively, he had prolonged central and peripheral neuromuscular blockade despite cessation of the rocuronium infusion several hours previously. This case discusses the presumed central nervous system effects of rocuronium in a neonate and its effective reversal with sugammadex.
Ecthyma Gangrenosum–Like Lesions Secondary to Methicillin‐Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus in an Immunocompetent Child
Authors: Song Silvia S. , Matiz Catalina , Tom Wynnis L. , Calame Antoanella , Krakowski Andrew C. , Friedlander Sheila F. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe describe a previously healthy 15‐month‐old girl who developed ecthyma gangrenosum (EG)–like lesions secondary to methicillin‐sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). Her systemic symptoms and negative blood cultures suggested MSSA toxin‐mediated effects. When toxin‐mediated systemic symptoms accompany such lesions, pathogens other than Pseudomonas aeruginosa should be considered.
Descartes on Human Freedom
Authors: Jayasekera Marie 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn this paper, I explore René Descartes' conception of human freedom. I begin with the key interpretive challenges of Descartes' remarks and then turn to two foundational issues in the secondary literature: the philosophical backdrop of Descartes' remarks and the notions of freedom that commentators have used to characterize Descartes. The remainder of the paper is focused on the main current debate: Descartes' position on the relationship between freedom and determinism.
Normative Reasons for Love, Part I
Authors: Smuts Aaron 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAre there normative reasons for love? More specifically, is it possible to rationally justify love? Or can we at best provide explanations for why we love? In Part I of this entry, I discuss the nature of love, theories of emotion, and what it takes to justify an attitude. In Part II, I provide an overview of the various positions one might take on the rational justification of love. I focus on the debate between defenders of the no‐reasons view and the reasons view. Along the way, I discuss the significance of falling in love, the problem of trading up, and the notion of irreplaceability. I evaluate attempts to justify love based on the intrinsic and the relational properties of the beloved.
Give Me Children or Else I Die: The Politics and Policy of Cross‐Border Reproductive Care
Authors: Ireni‐Saban Liza 
Published: October 2015

The global market of assisted reproductive technology (ART) offers new potential for reproduction, but at the same time opens a Pandora's box by confronting states with cross‐border reproductive care (CBRC) side effects. Literature on CBRC raises the adverse consequences associated with mixing the commercial and the intimate in different institutional, cultural, social, and national settings. The absence of any international or global regulations for governing CBRC has left each state to address the impacts and their attendant costs by themselves. Analyzed through the theoretical lens of vulnerability, I suggest instituting an international regulatory network based on a quasi‐public entity analogous to the United Nations, combined with widening the scope of statutory legislation of ART to include full coverage, broadening accessibility to ART, and improving safety and quality standards that should be contemplated with social capital provided by communities and groups to enhance individuals' coping capacities.Related Articles
Barnes, Niekan. 2011. “.” Politics & Policy 39 (): 69‐89. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2010.00283.x/abstract

Bayes, Jane H., and Laura Gonzalez. 2011. “.” Politics & Policy 39 (): 11‐44. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2010.00281.x/abstract

Harvey, Olivia. 2009. “.” Politics & Policy 37 (): 51‐71. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2008.00161.x/full

Jyrkinen, Marjut. 2009. “.” Politics & Policy 37 (): 73‐100.

Spektorowski, Alberto, and Liza Ireni‐Saban. 2010. “ ” Comparative Political Studies 43 (): 1391‐1414. http://cps.sagepub.com/content/43/11/1391.short
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The Logic of Dispute Initiation under NAFTA Chapter 19
Authors: Thomas Martha 
Published: October 2015

Focusing on the North American Free Trade Agreement Chapter 19's dispute settlement mechanism, this article examines why industries in one country initiate disputes at the regional level appealing trade policy in another country. I argue that industries take into account both external and internal dynamics when deciding on dispute initiation. As it relates to external factors, I posit that industries are more likely to dispute unfavorable rulings when they perceive that political pressure from interest groups and looming elections in the protectionist country influenced that ruling. With respect to internal considerations, I contend that wealthy and more concentrated industries will be more likely to appeal unfavorable rulings. Empirical analysis support these arguments by showing that appeals are more likely the closer a ruling is to an election in the protected market, the larger and more concentrated the protected industry, and the wealthier and more concentrated the plaintiff industry.Related Articles
McClough, David. 2008. “.” Politics & Policy 36 (): 250‐267. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2008.00104.x/abstract

Kirshner, Orkin. 2009. “.” Politics & Policy 37 (): 151‐176. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2008.00165.x/abstract

Collins, Stephen. 2010. “.” Politics & Policy 38 (): 737‐764. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2010.00256.x/abstract
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Strom, Stephanie. 2012. “.” . September 27. http://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/28/business/global/tomatoes‐are‐ammunition‐for‐a‐trade‐war‐between‐us‐and‐mexico.html?pagewanted=all

Luhnow, David. 2002. “.” . January 14. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB1010960071959570440.html