bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Tumor-specific Th2 responses inhibit growth of CT26 colon-cancer cells in mice via converting intratumor regulatory T cells to Th9 cells
Authors: Liu Jiang-Qi , Li Xing-Yong , Yu Hai-Qiong , Yang Gui , Liu Zhi-Qiang , Geng Xiao-Rui , Wang Shuai , Mo Li-Hua , Zeng Lu , Zhao Miao , Fu Yun-Ting , Sun Hong-Zhi , Liu Zhi-Gang , Yang Ping-Chang 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe abnormality of immune regulation plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of cancer; the underlying mechanism has not been fully understood yet. This study aims to investigate the role of cancer specific T helper (Th)2 response in the inhibition of colon cancer (Cca) cell growth. The results showed that with Cca cell (CT26 cell) extracts as an antigen, the Cca-extract specific Th2 response was induced in the Cca-bearing mice. The Cca mass size was significantly reduced, or radically disappeared (5 out of 10; or 50%); the survival rate was markedly improved in mice immunized with Cca-extract, but not in those immunized with another tumor cell (U87 cell) extracts or to bovine serum albumin. The immunization with Cca-extract also induced Cca cell apoptosis and converted the intra-Cca Tregs to T helper (Th) 9 cells. In conclusion, Cca-specific Th2 responses inhibit Cca growth in a mouse model via inducing Cca cell apoptosis and converting intra-Cca Tregs to Th9 cells.
Toward Smart Implant Synthesis: Bonding Bioceramics of Different Resorbability to Match Bone Growth Rates
Authors: Comesaña Rafael , Lusquiños Fernando , del Val Jesús , Quintero Félix , Riveiro Antonio , Boutinguiza Mohamed , Jones Julian R. , Hill Robert G. , Pou Juan 
Published: June 2015

AbstractCraniofacial reconstructive surgery requires a bioactive bone implant capable to provide a gradual resorbability and to adjust to the kinetics of new bone formation during healing. Biomaterials made of calcium phosphate or bioactive glasses are currently available, mainly as bone defect fillers, but it is still required a versatile processing technique to fabricate composition-gradient bioceramics for application as controlled resorption implants. Here it is reported the application of rapid prototyping based on laser cladding to produce three-dimensional bioceramic implants comprising of a calcium phosphate inner core, with moderate in vitro degradation at physiological pH, surrounded by a bioactive glass outer layer of higher degradability. Each component of the implant is validated in terms of chemical and physical properties and absence of toxicity. Pre–osteoblastic cell adhesion and proliferation assays reveal the adherence and growth of new bone cells on the material. This technique affords implants with gradual-resorbability for restoration of low-load-bearing bone.
Subcellular Localization of the Sigma-1 Receptor in Retinal Neurons — an Electron Microscopy Study
Authors: Mavlyutov Timur A. , Epstein Miles , Guo Lian-Wang 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe Sigma-1 receptor (S1R) is known to play a protective role in the central nervous system including the retina. A major barrier for understanding the underlying mechanism is an ambiguity of S1R subcellular localizations. We thus conducted the first electron microscopy (EM) study of S1R subcellular distribution in the mouse retina. Immuno-EM imaging showed previously under-appreciated S1R presence in photoreceptor cells. Unlike in other cell types in previous reports, in photoreceptor cells S1R was found in the nuclear envelope but not localized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), raising a possibility of S1R-mediated modulatory mechanisms different than conventionally thought. While in bipolar cells S1R was detected only in the nuclear envelope, in ganglion cells S1R was identified predominantly in the nuclear envelope and found in the ER as well. A predominant localization of S1R in the nuclear envelope in all three retinal neurons implicates a potential role of S1R in modulating nuclear activities. Moreover, its absence in the plasma membrane and presence in the subsurface ER cisternae that are juxtaposed to the plasma membrane in ganglion cells may lend mechanistic insights generally important for frequently reported S1R modulations of ion channels in neurons.
Suppressing the Neurospora crassa circadian clock while maintaining light responsiveness in continuous stirred tank reactors
Authors: Cockrell Allison L. , Pirlo Russell K. , Babson David M. , Cusick Kathleen D. , Soto Carissa M. , Petersen Emily R. , Davis Miah J. , Hong Christian I. , Lee Kwangwon , Fitzgerald Lisa A. , Biffinger Justin C. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractNeurospora crassahas been utilized as a model organism for studying biological, regulatory and circadian rhythms for over 50 years. These circadian cycles are driven at the molecular level by gene transcription events to prepare for environmental changes.N. crassais typically found on woody biomass and is commonly studied on agar-containing medium which mimics its natural environment. We report a novel method for disrupting circadian gene transcription while maintaining light responsiveness inN. crassawhen held in a steady metabolic state using bioreactors. The arrhythmic transcription of core circadian genes and downstream clock-controlled genes was observed in constant darkness (DD) as determined by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Nearly all core circadian clock genes were up-regulated upon exposure to light during 11hr light/dark cycle experiments under identical conditions. Our results demonstrate that the natural timing of the robust circadian clock inN. crassacan be disrupted in the dark when maintained in a consistent metabolic state. Thus, these data lead to a path for the production of industrial scale enzymes in the model system,N. crassa, by removing the endogenous negative feedback regulation by the circadian oscillator.
Temperature Dependence of Electrical and Thermal Conduction in Single Silver Nanowire
Authors: Cheng Zhe , Liu Longju , Xu Shen , Lu Meng , Wang Xinwei 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn this work, the thermal and electrical transport in an individual silver nanowire is characterized down to 35 K for in-depth understanding of the strong structural defect induced electron scattering. The results indicate that, at room temperature, the electrical resistivity increases by around 4 folds from that of bulk silver. The Debye temperature (151 K) of the silver nanowire is found 36% lower than that (235 K) of bulk silver, confirming strong phonon softening. At room temperature, the thermal conductivity is reduced by 55% from that of bulk silver. This reduction becomes larger as the temperature goes down. To explain the opposite trends of thermal conductivity (κ) ~ temperature (T) of silver nanowire and bulk silver, a unified thermal resistivity ("Equation missing") is used to elucidate the electron scattering mechanism. A large residual Θ is observed for silver nanowire while that of the bulk silver is almost zero. The same "Equation missing"~T trend proposes that the silver nanowire and bulk silver share the similar phonon-electron scattering mechanism for thermal transport. Due to phonon-assisted electron energy transfer across grain boundaries, the Lorenz number of the silver nanowire is found much larger than that of bulk silver and decreases with decreasing temperature.
Decoupling the role of stiffness from other hydroxyapatite signalling cues in periosteal derived stem cell differentiation
Authors: Mattei Giorgio , Ferretti Concetta , Tirella Annalisa , Ahluwalia Arti , Mattioli-Belmonte Monica 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBone extracellular matrix (ECM) is a natural composite made of collagen and mineral hydroxyapatite (HA). Dynamic cell-ECM interactions play a critical role in regulating cell differentiation and function. Understanding the principal ECM cues promoting osteogenic differentiation would be pivotal for both bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Altering the mineral content generally modifies the stiffness as well as other physicochemical cues provided by composite materials, complicating the “cause-effect” analysis of resultant cell behaviour. To isolate the contribution of mechanical cues from other HA-derived signals, we developed and characterised composite HA/gelatin scaffolds with different mineral contents along with a set of stiffness-matched HA-free gelatin scaffolds. Samples were seeded with human periosteal derived progenitor cells (PDPCs) and cultured over 7 days, analysing their resultant morphology and gene expression. Our results show that both stiffness and HA contribute to directing PDPC osteogenic differentiation, highlighting the role of stiffness in triggering the expression of osteogenic genes and of HA in accelerating the process, particularly at high concentrations.
Adaptive sampling dual terahertz comb spectroscopy using dual free-running femtosecond lasers
Authors: Yasui Takeshi , Ichikawa Ryuji , Hsieh Yi-Da , Hayashi Kenta , Cahyadi Harsono , Hindle Francis , Sakaguchi Yoshiyuki , Iwata Tetsuo , Mizutani Yasuhiro , Yamamoto Hirotsugu , Minoshima Kaoru , Inaba Hajime 
Published: June 2015

AbstractTerahertz (THz) dual comb spectroscopy (DCS) is a promising method for high-accuracy, high-resolution, broadband THz spectroscopy because the mode-resolved THz comb spectrum includes both broadband THz radiation and narrow-line CW-THz radiation characteristics. In addition, all frequency modes of a THz comb can be phase-locked to a microwave frequency standard, providing excellent traceability. However, the need for stabilization of dual femtosecond lasers has often hindered its wide use. To overcome this limitation, here we have demonstrated adaptive-sampling THz-DCS, allowing the use of free-running femtosecond lasers. To correct the fluctuation of the time and frequency scales caused by the laser timing jitter, an adaptive sampling clock is generated by dual THz-comb-referenced spectrum analysers and is used for a timing clock signal in a data acquisition board. The results not only indicated the successful implementation of THz-DCS with free-running lasers but also showed that this configuration outperforms standard THz-DCS with stabilized lasers due to the slight jitter remained in the stabilized lasers.
Chronic administration of anticonvulsants but not antidepressants impairs bone strength: clinical implications
Authors: Gold P W , Pavlatou M G , Michelson D , Mouro C M , Kling M A , Wong M-L , Licinio J , Goldstein S A 
Published: June 2015

AbstractMajor depression and bipolar disorder are associated with decreased bone mineral density (BMD). Antidepressants such as imipramine (IMIP) and specific serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have been implicated in reduced BMD and/or fracture in older depressed patients. Moreover, anticonvulsants such as valproate (VAL) and carbamazepine (CBZ) are also known to increase fracture rates. Although BMD is a predictor of susceptibility to fracture, bone strength is a more sensitive predictor. We measured mechanical and geometrical properties of bone in 68 male Sprague Dawley rats on IMIP, fluoxetine (FLX), VAL, CBZ, CBZ vehicle and saline (SAL), given intraperitoneally daily for 8 weeks. Distinct regions were tested to failure by four-point bending, whereas load displacement was used to determine stiffness. The left femurs were scanned in a MicroCT system to calculate mid-diaphyseal moments of inertia. None of these parameters were affected by antidepressants. However, VAL resulted in a significant decrease in stiffness and a reduction in yield, and CBZ induced a decrease in stiffness. Only CBZ induced alterations in mechanical properties that were accompanied by significant geometrical changes. These data reveal that chronic antidepressant treatment does not reduce bone strength, in contrast to chronic anticonvulsant treatment. Thus, decreased BMD and increased fracture rates in older patients on antidepressants are more likely to represent factors intrinsic to depression that weaken bone rather than antidepressants per se. Patients with affective illness on anticonvulsants may be at particularly high risk for fracture, especially as they grow older, as bone strength falls progressively with age.
Altered functional connectivity of the cingulate subregions in schizophrenia
Authors: Wang D , Zhou Y , Zhuo C , Qin W , Zhu J , Liu H , Xu L , Yu C 
Published: June 2015

AbstractSchizophrenia patients have shown altered resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) of the cingulate cortex; however, it is unknown whether rsFCs of the cingulate subregions are differentially affected in this disorder. We aimed to clarify the issue by comparing rsFCs of each cingulate subregion between healthy controls and schizophrenia patients. A total of 102 healthy controls and 94 schizophrenia patients underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging with a sensitivity-encoded spiral-in imaging sequence to reduce susceptibility-induced signal loss and distortion. The cingulate cortex was divided into nine subregions, including the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), areas 24 and 32 of the pregenual ACC, areas 24 and 32 of the anterior mid-cingulate cortex (aMCC), posterior MCC (pMCC), dorsal (dPCC) and ventral (vPCC) posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and retrosplenial cortex (RSC). The rsFCs of each cingulate subregion were compared between the two groups and the atrophy effect was considered. Results with and without global signal regression were reported. Most cingulate subregions exhibited decreased rsFCs in schizophrenia after global signal regression (GSR). Without GSR, only increased rsFC was found in schizophrenia, which primarily restricted to the aMCC, PCC and RSC. Some of these increased rsFCs were also significant after GSR. These findings suggest that GSR can greatly affect between-group differences in rsFCs and the consistently increased rsFCs may challenge the functional disconnection hypothesis of schizophrenia.
Symmetrical and asymmetrical low‐voltage ride through of doubly‐fed induction generator wind turbines using gate controlled series capacitor
Authors: Mohammadpour Hassan , Ghassem Zadeh Saeed , Tohidi Sajjad 
Published: June 2015

This study proposes a new method to improve low‐voltage ride through of the doubly‐fed induction generator (DFIG) wind turbines (WTs) using gate‐controlled series capacitor (GCSC) in series with the generator rotor. Using GCSC, as soon as a voltage dip occurs at the generator's terminals, the GCSC inserts its capacitor in series with the rotor, increasing the voltage seen by the rotor winding. Consequently, the rotor over‐current is limited and transmission of the inrush energy to the rotor side converter is reduced. Moreover, by this method, the chopper is not required for protecting the DC‐link capacitor. Unlike the Crowbar method, which control of the generator is lost during the fault, the proposed method in this study avoids the loss of control during the grid faults. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, extensive time‐domain simulation is performed using MATLAB/SIMULINK on a 1.5 MW DFIG‐based WT.
Financial competitiveness of organic agriculture on a global scale
Authors: Crowder David W. , Reganold John P. 
Published: June 2015

Significance
Some recognize organic agriculture as being important for future global food security, whereas others project it to become irrelevant. Although organic agriculture is rapidly growing, it currently occupies only 1% of global cropland. Whether organic agriculture can continue to expand will likely be determined by whether it is economically competitive with conventional agriculture. Accordingly, we analyzed the financial performance of organic and conventional agriculture from 40 y of studies covering 55 crops grown on five continents. We found that, in spite of lower yields, organic agriculture was significantly more profitable than conventional agriculture and has room to expand globally. Moreover, with its environmental benefits, organic agriculture can contribute a larger share in sustainably feeding the world.
Tau stabilizes microtubules by binding at the interface between tubulin heterodimers
Authors: Kadavath Harindranath , Hofele Romina V. , Biernat Jacek , Kumar Satish , Tepper Katharina , Urlaub Henning , Mandelkow Eckhard , Zweckstetter Markus 
Published: June 2015

Significance
Tau is an important microtubule-associated protein. Although the structure–function relationship of Tau has been intensively studied for many years primarily by molecular biology and biochemical approaches, little is still known about the molecular mechanisms by which Tau interacts with microtubules and promotes microtubule assembly. Here, we provide detailed insight into the Tau–microtubule association by using NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. We show that Tau binds to microtubules by using small groups of residues, which are important for pathological aggregation of Tau. We further show that Tau stabilizes a straight protofilament conformation by binding to a hydrophobic pocket in between tubulin heterodimers. Our work is thus relevant to normal Tau action development and in Tau-related neurodegenerative diseases.
Session 2: Common Reactions to Trauma and Craving Awareness
Authors: Back Sudie E. , Foa Edna B. , Killeen Therese K. , Mills Katherine L. , Teesson Maree , Cotton Bonnie Dansky , Carroll Kathleen M. , Brady Kathleen T. 
Published: June 2015

Chapter 4 presents the second session of the COPE treatment program.	This session discusses common reactions to trauma (such as anxiety, flashbacks, increased vigilance, avoidance, guilt, and depression), as well as the importance of developing an awareness of cravings and triggers.
Session 12: Review and Termination
Authors: Back Sudie E. , Foa Edna B. , Killeen Therese K. , Mills Katherine L. , Teesson Maree , Cotton Bonnie Dansky , Carroll Kathleen M. , Brady Kathleen T. 
Published: June 2015

This chapter describes the last session (session 12) of the COPE therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance use disorders. In this chapter, the therapist is instructed to assess the patient’s progress since the beginning of treatment and review areas in need of continued work. Finally, this chapter instructs the therapist on how to elicit and provide the patient feedback, and treatment is terminated.
A Computational Modelling Approach for Deriving Biomarkers to Predict Cancer Risk in Premalignant Disease
Authors: Dhawan Andrew , Graham Trevor A. , Fletcher Alexander G. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe lack of effective biomarkers for predicting cancer risk in premalignant disease is a major clinical problem. There is a near-limitless list of candidate biomarkers and it remains unclear how best to sample the tissue in space and time. Practical constraints mean that only a few of these candidate biomarker strategies can be evaluated empirically and there is no framework to determine which of the plethora of possibilities is the most promising. Here we have sought to solve this problem by developing a theoretical platform forin silicobiomarker development. We construct a simple computational model of carcinogenesis in premalignant disease and use the model to evaluate an extensive list of tissue sampling strategies and different molecular measures of these samples. Our model predicts that: (i) taking more biopsies improves prognostication, but with diminishing returns for each additional biopsy; (ii) longitudinally-collected biopsies provide slightly more prognostic information than a single biopsy collected at the latest possible time-point; (iii) measurements of clonal diversity are more prognostic than measurements of the presence or absence of a particular abnormality and are particularly robust to confounding by tissue sampling; and (iv) the spatial pattern of clonal expansions is a particularly prognostic measure. This study demonstrates how the use of a mechanistic framework provided by computational modelling can diminish empirical constraints on biomarker development.
Chronic cigarette smoke exposure induces microbial and inflammatory shifts and mucin changes in the murine gut
Authors: Allais Liesbeth , Kerckhof Frederiek‐Maarten , Verschuere Stephanie , Bracke Ken R. , De Smet Rebecca , Laukens Debby , Van den Abbeele Pieter , De Vos Martine , Boon Nico , Brusselle Guy G. , Cuvelier Claude A. , Van de Wiele Tom 
Published: June 2015

SummaryInflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are complex multifactorial diseases characterized by an inappropriate host response to an altered commensal microbiome and dysfunctional mucus barrier. Cigarette smoking is the best known environmental risk factor in IBD. Here, we studied the influence of chronic smoke exposure on the gut microbiome, mucus layer composition and immune factors in conventional mice. We compared smoke‐exposed with air‐exposed mice (n = 12) after a smoke exposure of 24 weeks. Both Illumina sequencing (n = 6) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (n = 12) showed that bacterial activity and community structure were significantly altered in the colon due to smoke exposure. Interestingly, an increase of Lachnospiraceae sp. activity in the colon was observed. Also, the mRNA expression of Muc2 and Muc3 increased in the ileum, whereas Muc4 increased in the distal colon of smoke‐exposed mice (n = 6). Furthermore, we observed increased Cxcl2 and decreased Ifn‐γ in the ileum, and increased Il‐6 and decreased Tgf‐β in the proximal colon. Tight junction gene expression remained unchanged. We infer that the modulating role of chronic smoke exposure as a latently present risk factor in the gut may be driven by the altered epithelial mucus profiles and changes in microbiome composition and immune factors.
Effectiveness of physical activity interventions on preventing gestational diabetes mellitus and excessive maternal weight gain: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Sanabria‐Martínez G , García‐Hermoso A , Poyatos‐León R , Álvarez‐Bueno C , Sánchez‐López M , Martínez‐Vizcaíno V 
Published: June 2015

BackgroundIt is commonly accepted that pregnancy‐related physiological changes (circulatory, respiratory, and locomotor) negatively influence the daily physical activity of pregnant women.ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to conduct a meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) for assessing the effectiveness of physical exercise interventions during pregnancy to prevent gestational diabetes mellitus and excessive maternal weight gain.Search strategyKeywords were used to conduct a computerised search in six databases: Cochrane Library Plus, Science Direct, EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov.Selection criteriaHealthy pregnant women who were sedentary or had low levels of physical activity were selected for RCTs that included an exercise programme.Data collection and analysisTwo independent reviewers extracted data and assessed the quality of the included studies. Of 4225 articles retrieved, 13 RCTs (2873 pregnant women) met the inclusion criteria. Pooled relative risk (RR) or weighted mean differences (WMDs) (depending on the outcome measure) were calculated using a random‐effects model.Main resultsOverall, physical exercise programmes during pregnancy decreased the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (RR = 0.69; P = 0.009), particularly when the exercise programme was performed throughout pregnancy (RR = 0.64; P = 0.038). Furthermore, decreases were also observed in maternal weight (WMD = −1.14 kg; 95% CI −1.50 to −0.78; P < 0.001). No serious adverse effects were reported.ConclusionStructured moderate physical exercise programmes during pregnancy decrease the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus and diminish maternal weight gain, and seem to be safe for the mother and the neonate; however, further studies are needed to establish recommendations.Tweetable abstractExercise programmes decreased the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus and excessive weight gain.