bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immune adaptor ADAP in T cells regulates HIV-1 transcription and cell-cell viral spread via different co-receptors
Authors: Wei Bin , Han Lei , Abbink Truus E M , Groppelli Elisabetta , Lim Daina , Thaker Youg Raj , Gao Wei , Zhai Rongrong , Wang Jianhua , Lever Andrew , Jolly Clare , Wang Hongyan , Rudd Christopher E 
Published: September 2013

Abstract

Background
Immune cell adaptor protein ADAP (adhesion and degranulation-promoting adaptor protein) mediates aspects of T-cell adhesion and proliferation. Despite this, a connection between ADAP and infection by the HIV-1 (human immunodeficiency virus-1) has not been explored.

Results
In this paper, we show for the first time that ADAP and its binding to SLP-76 (SH2 domain-containing leukocyte protein of 76 kDa) regulate HIV-1 infection via two distinct mechanisms and co-receptors. siRNA down-regulation of ADAP, or expression of a mutant that is defective in associating to its binding partner SLP-76 (termed M12), inhibited the propagation of HIV-1 in T-cell lines and primary human T-cells. In one step, ADAP and its binding to SLP-76 were needed for the activation of NF-κB and its transcription of the HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR) in cooperation with ligation of co-receptor CD28, but not LFA-1. In a second step, the ADAP-SLP-76 module cooperated with LFA-1 to regulate conjugate formation between T-cells and dendritic cells or other T-cells as well as the development of the virological synapse (VS) and viral spread between immune cells.

Conclusions
These findings indicate that ADAP regulates two steps of HIV-1 infection cooperatively with two distinct receptors, and as such, serves as a new potential target in the blockade of HIV-1 infection.
Iron oxide nanoparticles suppress the production of IL-1beta via the secretory lysosomal pathway in murine microglial cells
Authors: Wu Hsin-Ying , Chung Min-Chun , Wang Chia-Chi , Huang Chung-Hsiung , Liang Hong-Jen , Jan Tong-Rong 
Published: September 2013

Abstract

Background
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have been used as magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents for various research and diagnostic purposes, such as the detection of neuroinflammation and blood-brain-barrier integrity. As the central resident macrophage-like cells, microglia are responsible for managing foreign agents invading the CNS. The present study investigated the direct effect of IONPs on the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by murine microglia stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

Methods
Primary murine microglial cells were pretreated with IONPs (1–50 μg Fe/mL) for 30 min and then stimulated with LPS (100 ng/mL) for 24 h. Confocal microscopy is used to visualize the intracellular IONP distribution and secretory lysosomes after staining with LysoTracker and Rab27a, respectively. The production of interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α was quantified by ELISA. The activity of IL-1β converting enzyme (ICE) and TNF-α converting enzyme (TACE) was measured by fluorescent microplate assay using specific substrates. The lysosomal number, alkalinity, permeability and cathepsin B activity were determined by flow cytometry with ectodermal dysplasia-1, lysosensor and acridine orange staining, and using cathepsin B specific substrate, respectively.

Results
Confocal imaging revealed that IONPs were markedly engulfed by microglia. Exposure to IONPs attenuated the production of IL-1β, but not TNF-α. Concordantly, the activity of ICE, but not the TACE, was suppressed in IONP-treated cells. Mechanistic studies showed that IONPs accumulated in lysosomes and the number of lysosomes was increased in IONP-treated cells. In addition, exposure to IONPs increased lysosomal permeability and alkalinity, but decreased the activity of cathepsin B, a secretory lysosomal enzyme involved in the activation of ICE.

Conclusions
Our results demonstrated a contrasting effect of IONPs on the production of IL-1β and TNF-α by LPS-stimulated microglia, in which the attenuation of IL-1β by IONPs was mediated by inhibiting the secretory lysosomal pathway of cytokine processing.
A comparison between experienced and inexperienced video game players’ perceptions
Authors: Christou Georgios 
Published: September 2013

AbstractIn this article we examine the relationship between usability, hedonic attributes and general appeal of two types of video games, first-person shooters, and massively multi-player online role playing games. Through the use of a successful example of a game from each genre, we examine the perceptions of both inexperienced and experienced players of each game, and draw conclusions on comparisons. We find that playing experience only affects usability and appeal perceptions, while type of game played not only affects usability and appeal, but also hedonic perceptions as well. We also find that the perception of appeal by players of a video game in the context of this study can be predicted from a linear combination of the same players’ perceptions of hedonic attributes and usability. We translate these findings into suggestions for game designers and developers.
Effect of sclerostin-neutralising antibody on periarticular and systemic bone in a murine model of rheumatoid arthritis: a microCT study
Authors: Marenzana Massimo , Vugler Alex , Moore Adrian , Robinson Martyn 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Introduction
Patients with chronic inflammatory diseases have increased bone loss and bone fragility and are at increased risk of fracture. Although anti-resorptive drugs are effective in blocking inflammation-induced bone loss, they are less effective at rebuilding bone. We have previously shown that treatment with sclerostin antibody (Scl-AbI) builds bone and can prevent or restore bone loss in a murine model of inflammatory bowel disease. In this study, we tested the effect of Scl-AbI in a murine model of rheumatoid arthritis (the collagen-induced arthritis model, CIA). We hypothesised that sclerostin blockade can protect and restore bone both locally and systemically without affecting progression of inflammation.

Methods
CIA was induced in male DBA/1 mice, which were treated with either PBS or Scl-AbI (10 mg/kg, weekly) prophylactically for 55 days or therapeutically for 21 days (starting 14 days post onset of arthritis). Systemic inflammation was assessed by measuring the serum concentration of anti-CII IgG1, IgG2a and IgG2b by ELISA. Changes in bone mass and structure, either at sites remote from the joints or at periarticular sites, were measured using DEXA and microCT. Bone focal erosion was assessed in microCT scans of ankle and knee joints.

Results
Circulating anti-CII immunoglobulins were significantly elevated in mice with CIA and there were no significant differences in the levels of anti-CII immunoglobulins in mice treated with PBS or Scl-ABI. Prophylactic Scl-AbI treatment prevented the decrease in whole body bone mineral density (BMD) and in the bone volume fraction at axial (vertebral body) and appendicular (tibial proximal metaphysis trabecular and mid-diaphysis cortical bone) sites seen in PBS-treated CIA mice, but did not prevent the formation of focal bone erosions on the periarticular bone in the knee and ankle joints. In the therapeutic study, Scl-AbI restored BMD and bone volume fraction at all assessed sites but was unable to repair focal erosions.

Conclusions
Sclerostin blockade prevented or reversed the decrease in axial and appendicular bone mass in the murine model of rheumatoid arthritis, but did not affect systemic inflammation and was unable to prevent or repair local focal erosion.
Nalbuphine-Naloxone Mix-ups; Compounding Pharmacy Registration with the FDA; FDA Draft Guidance
Authors: Cohen Michael R. , Smetzer Judy L. 
Published: September 2013

These medication errors have occurred in health care facilities at least once. They will happen again—perhaps where you work. Through education and alertness of personnel and procedural safeguards, they can be avoided. You should consider publishing accounts of errors in your newsletters and/or presenting them at your inservice training programs. Your assistance is required to continue this feature. The reports described here were received through the Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) Medication Errors Reporting Program. Any reports published by ISMP will be anonymous. Comments are also invited; the writers’ names will be published if desired. ISMP may be contacted at the address shown below. Errors, close calls, or hazardous conditions may be reported directly to ISMP through the ISMP Web site ( www.ismp.org ), by calling 800-FAIL-SAFE, or via e-mail at ismpinfo@ismp.org . ISMP guarantees the confidentiality and security of the information received and respects reporters’ wishes as to the level of detail included in publications.
Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome
Authors: Sun Shusen , Zimmermann Anthony E. 
Published: September 2013

Background The purpose of this review is to describe cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS), which is thought to be induced by long-term cannabis use, and provide clinical pharmacists with information to manage the hyperemetic phase of CHS. Method Published literature was searched and reviewed using PubMed. Results CHS is characterized by intractable nausea and vomiting without an obvious organic cause and associated learned compulsive hot water bathing behavior. Patients often seek care in the emergency department (ED) for symptomatic relief. Conclusion CHS is potentially underrecognized and underdiagnosed in the ED, and it should be considered in the differential diagnosis in long-term cannabis use patients with CHS symptoms to avoid unnecessary extensive diagnostic workup including invasive radiologic imaging. Pharmacists have an important role in CHS recognition, education, and symptom management.
Pharmacologic Options for Prevention and Management of Cerebral Vasospasm in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Kiser Tyree H. 
Published: September 2013

Background Cerebral vasospasm and delayed cerebral ischemia continue to be major contributors to morbidity and mortality after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Purpose The purpose of this review was to evaluate the pharmacotherapy interventions for the prevention and management of cerebral vasospasm in patients with SAH. Methods A search of MEDLINE (January 1966-April 2012) and EMBASE (January 1974-April 2012) was conducted to retrieve relevant studies of pharmacotherapy options for prevention or treatment of cerebral vasospasm in SAH. Results Triple-H therapy (hypervolemia, hemodilution, hypertension) has been a widely accepted option by many clinicians for the management of cerebral vasospasm and delayed cerebral ischemia. However, implementation of Triple-H therapy varies considerably at individual institutions. Nimodipine and nicardipine have demonstrated the most dependable improvements in patient outcomes to date. High doses of intravenous magnesium have failed to show consistent benefits. Magnesium supplementation to prevent hypomagnesaemia should be employed. Statin therapy should be continued in patients who are taking statins prior to hospital admission. Use of statins in naive patients may be recommended when the results of an ongoing prospective study are available. Of the available locally administered pharmacologic therapies, nicardipine and thrombolytics appear to provide the most intriguing benefit-to-risk ratio. However, the data supporting the use of locally administered therapy are modest at best and require careful consideration prior to application. Conclusions Clinical studies have tested a variety of pharmacotherapy interventions for the prevention and treatment of cerebral vasospasm. Of available therapies, nimodipine has demonstrated consistent benefits and should be employed routinely. Demonstration of reduced cerebral vasospasm and improved neurological outcomes in larger prospective studies are needed for most pharmacologic therapy options prior to recommending their routine use.
Do You Know I Am Looking at You? Visual Pleasure and Body Politics in Tsai Ming-Liang's Films
Authors: Wu I-fen 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The thematization of the change in socio-cultural patterns as a result of urbanization in many of Tsai Ming-Liang's films has been frequently acknowledged. Tsai's films often deal with urban alienation of a society in which people are emotionally blocked and seemingly afloat in a state of loss. His vision of contemporary culture is elaborated through his portrait of Taipei city as an urban malaise in which people are cut off from one another and from their feelings, moving around in drab, underlit apartments, cheap hotels, gay saunas, looking for sexual comfort to alleviate their loneliness and isolation. The city spectacle articulates the desires and emotions of modern people, which have been blocked and offered no spiritual escape routes.
My Name Is Khan and I'm Still Too Flamboyant
Authors: Ostepeev Lidia 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Released in February 2010, My Name Is Khan -- a commercial Bollywood film directed by Karan Johar has the distinction of being the highest grossing Indian film in overseas markets. It is one of several recent Bollywood films to have sold distribution rights to divisions of transnational companies, in this case, to Fox Star for distribution in the United Kingdom, South Africa, Australia, Southeast Asia, the Middle East, and Europe and to Fox Searchlight for distribution in the U.S. With its global reach, My Name Is Khan has generated a range of critical reviews which often come with cultural bias preconceptions about what constitutes "good" cinema. By examining Western concerns about My Name Is Khan, it is possible to identify obstacles to Bollywood's ability to attract larger Western audiences.
The ‘De Santis case’: Screenwriting, political boycott and archival research
Authors: Russo Paolo 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
In the late 1940s and throughout the 1950s writer-director Giuseppe De Santis was the most successful Italian film-maker worldwide, thanks to box-office hits like the Oscar-nominated Riso amaro/Bitter Rice (1949). However, endless rows with producers, distributors and censorship soon forced him into professional exile until his creative voice was completely silenced. Over the years De Santis denounced a systematic boycott against him because of his social and political commitment. All scripts needed the central government film office approval; this system enforced a form of pre-emptive censorship by controlling the writing and packaging process. This article unveils the findings of comprehensive research conducted at the De Santis Fund in Rome. While De Santis’s official filmography lists only one title in the last 33 years of his life, his archive contains dozens of treatments and full scripts (and the film-maker’s correspondence) adding up to a total of almost 50 projects that were never made. The materials analysed here not only allow a thorough re-write of De Santis’s career, but also shed light on the intricate relations between politics and the Italian film industry in the post-war years.
‘It’s literature I want, Ivo, literature!’ Literature as screenplay as literature. Or, how to win a literary prize writing a screenplay
Authors: Geerts Ronald 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Ivo Michiels, besides being one of the most acclaimed and radical experimental literary authors in Dutch literature, is arguably the first Flemish professional screenwriter.
These two occupations, that he continuously tried to combine, resulted in screenplays that either have been published as novels (and awarded important literary prizes) or repurposed as fragments in the Journal Brut cycle. Michiels developed a specific style for the screenplay by turning away from economical concrete descriptions. Instead he pursued a more literary way of writing, using narrative strategies aiming at certain effects in the mind of the reader, over conventional description. This article situates Michiels’ script writing as ‘performative’ in its intention and offers a case study of his work, as an expanded notion of the screenplay that elevates the form beyond mere description of what will be visible/audible on-screen. In Michiels’ practice, a screenplay is not just a text that ‘desires to become another text’, in the words of Pier Paolo Pasolini. In contrast, this article frames Michiels’ screenplays as ‘postdramatic’ texts which become artefacts, in and of themselves, claiming a certain independence from the film, whilst at the same time maintaining dialogue with the film (Bakhtin), realized or not.
Poetic dramaturgy in Andrey Tarkovsky’s Nostalgia (1983): A character without a goal?
Authors: Koivumäki Marja-Riitta 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
This article centres on the use of a character goal and a character arc as elements to express the theme and the meaning in Andrey Tarkovsky’s Nostalgia (1983). In classical dramaturgy, the goal of the character – what does the character want and what actions may he or she take in order to achieve this goal – is considered to be of the utmost importance. In Tarkovsky’s film, however, the character is passive and there does not seem to be any obvious goal to achieve. Through dramaturgical analysis my aim is to reveal the dramaturgical function of both the character goal and the character arc in Nostalgia. My contention is that a passive character forms part of an extensive dramaturgical system and that it carries more meaning than is apparent on the surface. Usually it is the character goal, what the character desires, that carries the spine of the narration and it is usually the starting point of the story design. I argue that the character arc (inner goal) can also assume this function and, accordingly, we can start the development of the screenplay from the perspective of considering how the character changes or why he/she might change. I also suggest that there is a need to reconsider the centrality of character goal, since the screenwriting theories of the twentieth century emphasize the importance of the character goal at the expense of the character arc. This article forms part of a larger study that aims to define certain characteristics of so-called poetic dramaturgy. As I’m interested in whether or not it is possible to define the features of poetic dramaturgy in a similar way as in classical dramaturgy so that they too can be incorporated into the writer’s craft, I also challenge the conventions of classical dramaturgy.
Screenwriting and emotional rhythm
Authors: David Ian 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Recent advances in neuroscience have begun to unravel the part played by emotion in decision-making and creativity. All storytellers rely on emotion, but the screenwriter, conveying the essential narrative and technical information required to make a film, carries a unique burden. Screenplays must act as a bridge from the author to the audience, describing the narrative’s capacity to evoke emotion through action and image. In discussing a screenplay, the narrative is usually assessed in terms of its characters, plot, subplots, theme, dialogue, tone, style, etc. Yet, emotion, the quality that determines the screenplay’s (and ultimately the film’s) overall effect, is often poorly understood. This paper proposes Emotional Rhythm - that subliminal sequence of emotions underpinning all the dramatic components - as a means of evaluating the screenplay’s potency as it relates to the construction of the narrative.
Writing with images: The Film-Photo-Essay, the Left Bank Group and the pensive moment
Authors: Taylor Andrew 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
This article is focused on the film-photo-essay form. The first part of the article is a narrative account of my experiments ‘writing with images’ in the early and mid-2000s, using (the then) new digital tools to make film-photo-essays. My account reflects on how the change from analogue to digital affected my approach to photography, film-making and writing with images. I then look at the case study of Siberia (2009), an illustrated script that was written following my experimentation with the film-photo-essay form. The second part of this article is a more general enquiry into the film-photo-essay form and work that combines cinema and photography. I discuss the contemporary interest in work that falls on a spectrum between photography and cinema; often referred to as ‘still/moving’. I then focus on the ‘Left Bank Group’, whose work often combined cinema, photography and the literary and philosophical essay. Examples from the ‘cine-writing’ of Alain Resnais, Agnes Varda and Chris Marker highlight how Raymond Bellour’s idea of the ‘pensive moment’ is apt in relation to their work. I argue that still/moving forms allow more space for audience interaction and emotional response than conventional narrative cinema; and in a world saturated with information and cluttered with images, there is an important place for new pensive hybrid art forms.
Adventures in murky waters: The enactment and commemoration of Kon-Tiki
Authors: Wahlberg Malin 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
In 1947, Thor Heyerdahl and five crewmembers accomplished a 6900-km sea voyage on a reconstructed balsa wood raft to prove that Peruvian Indians could have settled in Polynesia. This short subject addresses the meanings of authenticity, enactment and cultural memory in relation to the expedition film by Heyerdahl and Nordemar, Kon-Tiki (1950). The film’s production history and its international success are part of a post-war media event, in itself a trans-Atlantic adventure that has only recently been the subject of scholarly attention.
Roald Amundsen and the documentary canon
Authors: Diesen Jan Anders , Iversen Gunnar 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Newly restored documentaries about the polar expeditions of Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen make it possible to re-examine and discuss the importance of these early travelogues. This article presents the Amundsen documentaries, films that have been inaccessible to researchers as well as the general public, but now are available on DVD in Norway in both Norwegian and English versions.
Septins in the glial cells of the nervous system
Authors: Patzig Julia , Dworschak Michelle S. , Martens Ann-Kristin , Werner Hauke B. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The capacity of cytoskeletal septins to mediate diverse cellular processes is related to their ability to assemble as distinct heterooligomers and higher order structures. However, in many cell types the functional relevance of septins is not well understood. This minireview provides a brief overview of our current knowledge about septins in the non-neuronal cells of the vertebrate nervous system, collectively termed ‘glial cells’, i.e., astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes, and Schwann cells. The dysregulation of septins observed in various models of myelin pathology is discussed with respect to implications for hereditary neuralgic amyotrophy (HNA) caused by mutations of the human SEPT9-gene.