bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fair Value Hierarchy Measures: Post-Implementation Evidence on IFRS 7
Authors: Tan Pearl 
Published: September 2015

AbstractUsing a balance sheet valuation model, this study examines if information on the fair value hierarchy of on-balance sheet financial assets and financial liabilities are incorporated in the market’s valuation of companies’ equities in Singapore. The results of the study show significant associations between as-reported Level 1 and Level 2 fair value measures of financial assets and market values. However, the results are not significant for Level 3 fair value measures of financial assets and each of the three levels of fair value measures of financial liabilities. The results also show that returns are more positively associated with as-reported gains and losses from Level 1 and Level 2 fair value measures than those from Level 3 fair value measures. Overall, the evidence suggests that information on the fair value hierarchy of IFRS 7 Financial Instruments: Disclosures are used by market participants in their pricing decisions. The market however appears to place greater weights on fair value changes taken to the income statement than those taken to OCI, notwithstanding the level of the fair value measure. While the fixation with income statement measures remains a puzzle, the results are consistent with prior studies that show that investors largely ignore OCI in their pricing of shares.
The dependence of cirrus gamma size distributions expressed as volumes in N0‐λ‐μ phase space and bulk cloud properties on environmental conditions: Results from the Small Ice Particles in Cirrus Experiment (SPARTICUS)
Authors: Jackson Robert C. , McFarquhar Greg M. , Fridlind Ann M. , Atlas Rachel 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe variability of cirrus ice microphysical properties is investigated using observations obtained during the Small Particles in Cirrus (SPARTICUS) campaign. An existing approach that represents a size distribution (SD) as a single gamma function using an ellipsoid of equally realizable solutions in (N0, λ, μ) phase space is modified to automatically identify multiple modes in SDs and characterize each mode by such an ellipsoid. The modified approach is applied to ice crystals with maximum dimension D > 15 µm collected by the 2‐D stereo and 2‐D precipitation probes on the Stratton Park Engineering Company Learjet. The dependencies of N0, μ, and λ from each mode, total number concentration, bulk extinction, ice water content (IWC), and mass median maximum dimension Dmm as a function of temperature T and cirrus type are then analyzed. The changes in the observed codependencies between N0, μ, and λ, bulk extinction, IWC, and Dmm with environmental conditions indicate that particles were larger at higher T during SPARTICUS. At most two modes were observed in any SD during SPARTICUS, with the average boundary between them at 115 µm, similar to past studies not using probes with shatter mitigating tips and artifact removal algorithms. The bimodality of the SDs increased with T. This and the differences in N0, μ, and λ between the modes suggest that particles with smaller D nucleated more recently than particles with larger D, which grew via vapor deposition and aggregation. Because smaller crystals, whose concentrations are uncertain, make marginal contributions to higher order moments, the use of higher moments for evaluating model fields is suggested.
Less Noble or More Noble: How Strain Affects the Binding of Oxygen on Gold
Authors: Deng Qibo , Gopal Varun , Weissmüller Jörg 
Published: September 2015

AbstractMany heterogeneous catalysts exploit strained active layers to modulate reactivity and/or selectivity. It is therefore significant that density functional theory, as well as experimental approaches, find that tensile strain makes the gold surface more binding for oxygen, in other words, less noble. We show that this behavior does not apply when re‐structuring of the gold surface is allowed to occur simultaneously with the adsorption of oxygen. In situ cantilever‐bending studies show the surface stress to increase when oxygen species adsorb on a (111)‐textured gold surface in aqueous H2SO4. This implies a positive sign of the electrocapillary coupling parameter and, hence, a trend for weaker oxygen binding in response to tensile strain. These conflicting findings indicate that different electrosorption processes, and specifically oxygen species adsorption on the bulk‐terminated surface, exhibit fundamentally different coupling between the chemistry and the mechanics of the surface.
Engineering Rieske Non‐Heme Iron Oxygenases for the Asymmetric Dihydroxylation of Alkenes
Authors: Gally Christine , Nestl Bettina M. , Hauer Bernhard 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe asymmetric dihydroxylation of olefins is of special interest due to the facile transformation of the chiral diol products into valuable derivatives. Rieske non‐heme iron oxygenases (ROs) represent promising biocatalysts for this reaction as they can be engineered to efficiently catalyze the selective mono‐ and dihydroxylation of various olefins. The introduction of a single point mutation improved selectivities (≥95 %) and conversions (>99 %) towards selected alkenes. By modifying the size of one active site amino acid side chain, we were able to modulate the regio‐ and stereoselectivity of these enzymes. For distinct substrates, mutants displayed altered regioselectivities or even favored opposite enantiomers compared to the wild‐type ROs, offering a sustainable approach for the oxyfunctionalization of a wide variety of structurally different olefins.
Poly(butylene succinate‐co‐butylene adipate)/polyethylene oxide blends for controlled release materials: A morphological study
Authors: Cottaz Amandine , Khalil Fadi , Galland Sophie , Jbilou Fouzia , Adt Isabelle , Degraeve Pascal , Joly Catherine 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTVarying the formulation and processing conditions of polymer blends allows the design of materials with a large range of morphologies. Active materials embedding active compounds in a devoted phase are promising applications of such blends, offering possible various transport properties. In this study, 13 poly(butylene succinate‐co‐butylene adipate) (PBSA)/polyethylene oxide (PEO) blends were extruded in a slit die. Their morphologies were characterized by water extraction (selective PEO dissolution), FTIR spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. Transport properties were assessed by water vapor permeation and fluorescein release as model migrant. Indeed, the desorption in water of fluorescein (previously entrapped in PEO) was monitored to preliminary investigate the release properties of these materials: two morphologies were obtained (i) pseudo multilayer films made of PEO‐rich layer/PBSA‐rich layer/PEO‐rich layer and (ii) PEO nodules dispersed in the PBSA‐rich matrix for the highest PBSA contents. The first systems were erodible ones with an uncontrolled fast delivery by PEO dissolution whereas the second ones showed a controlled release by permeation through the PBSA matrix from PEO nodules. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 42874.
Effects of drilling parameters and aspect ratios on delamination and surface roughness of lignocellulosic HFRP composite laminates
Authors: Ismail Sikiru Oluwarotimi , Dhakal Hom Nath , Dimla Eric , Beaugrand Johnny , Popov Ivan 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTHemp fibre‐reinforced polycaprolactone (HFRP) composite has inherent good mechanical properties and benefits which include remarkably high specific strength and modulus, low density, and renewability. No doubt, these properties have attracted wider applications of HFRP composite in engineering applications. This paper presents an investigation on the influence of drilling parameters and fibre aspect ratios, AR (0, 19, 26, 30, and 38) on delamination damage factor and surface roughness of HFRP composite laminates utilising high speed steel twist drills under dry machining condition. Taguchi's technique was used in the design of experiment. The results obtained show that increase in cutting speed reduces delamination factor and surface roughness of drilled holes, whereas increase in feed rate causes increase in both delamination factor and surface roughness. Feed rate and cutting speed had the greatest influence on delamination and surface roughness respectively when compared with aspect ratio, while an increase in fibre aspect ratios leads to a significant increase in both delamination factor and surface roughness. The optimum results occurred at cutting speed and feed rate (drilling parameters) of 20 mm/min and 0.10 mm/rev, respectively, when drilling sample of AR 19. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 42879.
Using a Personal Glucose Meter and Alkaline Phosphatase for Point‐of‐Care Quantification of Galactose‐1‐Phosphate Uridyltransferase in Clinical Galactosemia Diagnosis
Authors: Zhang Jingjing , Xiang Yu , Novak Donna E. , Hoganson George E. , Zhu Junjie , Lu Yi 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe personal glucose meter (PGM) was recently shown to be a general meter to detect many targets. Most studies, however, focus on transforming either target binding or enzymatic activity that cleaves an artificial substrate into the production of glucose. More importantly, almost all reports exhibit their methods by using artificial samples, such as buffers or serum samples spiked with the targets. To expand the technology to even broader targets and to validate its potential in authentic, more complex clinical samples, we herein report expansion of the PGM method by using alkaline phosphatase (ALP) that links the enzymatic activity of galactose‐1‐phosphate uridyltransferase to the production of glucose, which allows point‐of‐care galactosemia diagnosis in authentic human clinical samples. Given the presence of ALP in numerous enzymatic assays for clinical diagnostics, the methods demonstrated herein advance the field closer to point‐of‐care detection of a wide range of targets in real clinical samples.
Randomized clinical trial of topical tranexamic acid after reduction mammoplasty
Authors: Ausen K , Fossmark R , Spigset O , Pleym H 
Published: September 2015

Abstract

Background
The antifibrinolytic drug tranexamic acid is currently being rediscovered for both trauma and major surgery. Intravenous administration reduces the need for blood transfusion and blood loss by about one-third, but routine administration in surgery is not yet advocated owing to concerns regarding thromboembolic events. The aim of this study was to investigate whether topical application of tranexamic acid to a wound surface reduces postoperative bleeding.

Methods
This was a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial on 30 consecutive women undergoing bilateral reduction mammoplasty. On one side the wound surfaces were moistened with 25 mg/ml tranexamic acid before closure, and placebo (saline) was used on the other side. Drain fluid production was measured for 24 h after surgery, and pain was measured after 3 and 24 h. Postoperative complications including infection, seroma, rebleeding and suture reactions were recorded.

Results
Topical application of tranexamic acid to the wound surface after reduction mammoplasty reduced drain fluid production by 39 per cent (median 12·5 (range 0–44) versus 20·5 (0–100) ml; P = 0·038). Adverse effects were not observed. There were no significant differences in postoperative pain scores or complications.

Conclusion
Topical application of dilute tranexamic acid reduced bleeding in this model. The study adds to the evidence that this simple procedure may reduce wound bleeding after surgery. Registration number: NCT01964781 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov).
Hydrogen Oxidation and Hydrogen Evolution on a Platinum Electrode in Acetonitrile
Authors: Ledezma‐Yanez Isis , Díaz‐Morales Oscar , Figueiredo Marta C. , Koper Marc T. M. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis work discusses the kinetics of the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) on a polycrystalline platinum electrode in acetonitrile, in presence of two different electrolytes. Our findings indicate the sensitivity of the kinetics of these reactions to the presence of small amounts of water. In situ FTIR spectroscopy reveals the ion migration owing to the preferential solvation of protons by residual water, whereas surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy confirms that the water leaves the interface under hydrogen oxidation conditions. These observations imply that the kinetic sensitivity of this electrocatalytic reaction towards the preferential solvation processes presents a serious constraint in the establishment of a reference electrode for nonaqueous solvents based on HOR/HER on platinum, and on the comparison of its catalysis in various nonaqueous solvents.
Light‐Driven Bipolar Electrochemical Logic Gates with Electrical or Optical Outputs
Authors: Loget Gabriel , Fabre Bruno 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWe present the design of AND and OR logic gates made with silicon and carbon materials and operated by bipolar electrochemistry. Such devices require electrical and light inputs to function and generate an electrical output or, alternatively, an optical output that can be readily observed with the naked eye. These operators are stable over time and can work in a wide range of electrolyte concentrations. Finally, we show that the input electrical potential can be considerably lowered in the presence of the FeIII(CN)63−/FeII(CN)64− redox couple in solution.
Enantioselective Synthesis of D‐α‐(Uracil‐5‐yl)glycine Derivatives and Their Racemization‐Free Incorporation into a Model ­Peptide
Authors: Weckenmann Nicole M. , Nachtsheim Boris J. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAn efficient asymmetric synthesis of D‐α‐(uracil‐5‐yl)glycine derivatives using an enzymatic dynamic kinetic resolution of D,L‐hydantoin intermediates with an immobilized D‐hydantoinase (D‐Hyd‐1) is described. In addition, mild conditions for a racemization‐free solid‐phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) using the Fmoc strategy have been found.
Linking atomistic, kinetic Monte Carlo and crystal plasticity simulations of single‐crystal tungsten strength
Authors: Cereceda David , Diehl Martin , Roters Franz , Shanthraj Pratheek , Raabe Dierk , Perlado José Manuel , Marian Jaime 
Published: September 2015

AbstractUnderstanding and improving the mechanical properties of tungsten is a critical task for the materials fusion energy program. The plastic behavior in body‐centered cubic (bcc) metals like tungsten is governed primarily by screw dislocations on the atomic scale and by ensembles and interactions of dislocations at larger scales. Modeling this behavior requires the application of methods capable of resolving each relevant scale. At the small scale, atomistic methods are used to study single dislocation properties, while at the coarse‐scale, continuum models are used to cover the interactions between dislocations. In this work we present a multiscale model that comprises atomistic, kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) and continuum‐level crystal plasticity (CP) calculations. The function relating dislocation velocity to applied stress and temperature is obtained from the kMC model and it is used as the main source of constitutive information into a dislocation‐based CP framework. The complete model is used to perform material point simulations of single‐crystal tungsten strength. We explore the entire crystallographic orientation space of the standard triangle. Non‐Schmid effects are inlcuded in the model by considering the twinning‐antitwinning (T/AT) asymmetry in the kMC calculations. We consider the importance of 〈111〉{110} and 〈111〉{112} slip systems in the homologous temperature range from 0.08Tm to 0.33Tm, where Tm =3680 K is the melting point in tungsten. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Microstructural model for the time‐dependent thermomechanical analysis of cast irons
Authors: Pina J.C. , Kouznetsova V.G. , van Maris M.P.F.H.L. , Geers M.G.D. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn this paper, a multiscale modelling approach is followed for the modelling of time and temperature dependent behaviour of compacted graphite cast iron (CGI) material. Cast irons are often used in heavy duty machinery parts subjected to elevated temperatures for prolonged periods of time. This, in combination with its complex heterogeneous microstructure, plays the crucial role in determining the life time of the material. In this work a 2D microstructural model of CGI is developed. The geometry is based on the micrographs of the material. The pearlitic matrix is modelled with the temperature dependent elasto‐visco‐plastic model calibrated on the pearlitic steel experiments. The graphite particles are modelled as anisotropic elastic. The results of the simulations of tensile and stress relaxation tests at different temperatures between 20 °C and 500 °C show that the macroscopic mechanical behaviour of the ma‐terial deteriorates rapidly above 350 °C. At the microstructural scale, the anisotropic graphite particles act as stress concentrators promoting the formation of strain percolation paths, that become more critical at higher temperatures. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Cherry‐stones‐based activated carbons as potential adsorbents for CO2/CH4 separation: effect of the activation parameters
Authors: Álvarez‐Gutiérrez Noelia , Victoria Gil M. , Rubiera Fernando , Pevida Covadonga 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA low‐cost biomass, cherry stones (CS), was used as a carbon precursor to synthesize two activated carbons to be used for CO2/CH4 separation. Single‐step activation with two activating agents, carbon dioxide and steam, was used. The activation conditions that maximize the CO2 adsorption capacity by the adsorbents at 25 ºC and atmospheric pressure were determined by response surface methodology (RSM). The optimum values were 885 ºC and 12% of solid yield when activating with carbon dioxide, but 850 ºC and 15.3% of solid yield when activating with steam. Heating rate did not show a significant effect on the CO2 uptake. CO2 adsorption capacity values up to 11.45 and 10.56 wt.% were achieved under such conditions using carbon dioxide and steam as activating agents, respectively. Carbon dioxide activation promoted the development of microporosity, whereas both micropores and mesopores were developed during steam activation. The CO2/CH4 separation performance at 3 bar of the optimum adsorbents indicated that both cherry‐stones‐based activated carbons could have great potential as CO2 adsorbents for CO2/CH4 separation. The adsorbent activated with carbon dioxide, CS‐CO2, showed a slightly higher adsorption capacity, but the steam‐activated sample, CS‐H2O, had an enhanced selectivity to separate CO2 from CO2/CH4 binary mixtures. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Investigation of vibration‐induced artifact in clinical diffusion‐weighted imaging of pediatric subjects
Authors: Berl Madison M. , Walker Lindsay , Modi Pooja , Irfanoglu M. Okan , Sarlls Joelle E. , Nayak Amritha , Pierpaoli Carlo 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIt has been reported that mechanical vibrations of the magnetic resonance imaging scanner could produce spurious signal dropouts in diffusion‐weighted images resulting in artifactual anisotropy in certain regions of the brain with red appearance in the Directionally Encoded Color maps. We performed a review of the frequency of this artifact across pediatric studies, noting differences by scanner manufacturer, acquisition protocol, as well as weight and position of the subject. We also evaluated the ability of automated and quantitative methods to detect this artifact. We found that the artifact may be present in over 50% of data in certain protocols and is not limited to one scanner manufacturer. While a specific scanner had the highest incidence, low body weight and positioning were also associated with appearance of the artifact for both scanner types evaluated, making children potentially more susceptible than adults. Visual inspection remains the best method for artifact identification. Software for automated detection showed very low sensitivity (10%). The artifact may present inconsistently in longitudinal studies. We discuss a published case report that has been widely cited and used as evidence to set policy about diagnostic criteria for determining vegetative state. That report attributed longitudinal changes in anisotropy to white matter plasticity without considering the possibility that the changes were caused by this artifact. Our study underscores the need to check for the presence of this artifact in clinical studies, analyzes circumstances for when it may be more likely to occur, and suggests simple strategies to identify and potentially avoid its effects. Hum Brain Mapp 36:4745–4757, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Direct evidence from intraoperative electrocortical stimulation indicates shared and distinct speech production center between Chinese and English languages
Authors: Wu Jinsong , Lu Junfeng , Zhang Han , Zhang Jie , Yao Chengjun , Zhuang Dongxiao , Qiu Tianming , Guo Qihao , Hu Xiaobing , Mao Ying , Zhou Liangfu 
Published: September 2015

AbstractChinese processing has been suggested involving distinct brain areas from English. However, current functional localization studies on Chinese speech processing use mostly “indirect” techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalography, lacking direct evidence by means of electrocortical recording. In this study, awake craniotomies in 66 Chinese‐speaking glioma patients provide a unique opportunity to directly map eloquent language areas. Intraoperative electrocortical stimulation was conducted and the positive sites for speech arrest, anomia, and alexia were identified separately. With help of stereotaxic neuronavigation system and computational modeling, all positive sites elicited by stimulation were integrated and a series of two‐ and three‐dimension Chinese language probability maps were built. We performed statistical comparisons between the Chinese maps and previously derived English maps. While most Chinese speech arrest areas located at typical language production sites (i.e., 50% positive sites in ventral precentral gyrus, 28% in pars opercularis and pars triangularis), which also serve English production, an additional brain area, the left middle frontal gyrus (Brodmann's areas 6/9), was found to be unique in Chinese production (P < 0.05). Moreover, Chinese speakers’ inferior ventral precentral gyrus (Brodmann's area 6) was used more than that in English speakers. Our finding suggests that Chinese involves more perisylvian region (extending to left middle frontal gyrus) than English. This is the first time that direct evidence supports cross‐cultural neurolinguistics differences in human beings. The Chinese language atlas will also helpful in brain surgery planning for Chinese‐speakers. Hum Brain Mapp 36:4972–4985, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.