bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probiotic, fructooligosaccharide and yeast extract mixture improves gut health in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss
Authors: Ahani Sara , Ahani Saman , Taheri Mirghaed Ali , Hoseini Seyyed Morteza , Pagheh Esmail , Arghideh Mohammad , Yousefi Morteza 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe present study investigated the effects of a feed additive (FA) containing a probiotic consortium, fructooligosaccharide and yeast extract on growth performance, humoral immune responses, hepatic antioxidant parameters and intestine digestive enzymes, morphology and transcripts in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. The fish were reared for 8 weeks, feeding on diets containing 0 (CNT), 0.3 (0.3FA), 1 (1FA) and 2 (2FA) g/kg FA. The results showed that fish growth parameters were significantly and quadratically related to FA levels and FA treatments had better growth performance than CNT treatment. Intestinal amylase activity significantly increased in 2FA, whereas, intestinal protease activity increased in all FA treatments. Intestinal villus length and muscular layer thickness significantly increased in 0.3FA treatment. Blood leucocyte and lymphocyte counts, plasma lysozyme activity and hepatic glutathione content significantly increased in 0.3FA and 1FA treatments; whereas hepatic malondialdehyde significantly decreased in these treatments. Blood neutrophil and monocyte counts significantly increased in 0.3FA treatment, while plasma alternative complement activity significantly increased in 1FA treatments. Plasma bactericidal activities against Aeromonas hydrophila, Yersinia ruckeri and Streptococcus iniae, and intestinal expression of heat shock protein 70 and beta‐defensin significantly increased in all FA treatments. The abundance of A. hydrophila, Y. ruckeri and S. iniae in fish gut significantly decreased in 0.3FA treatment; these bacteria were absent in the intestines of 1FA and 2FA treatments. The present results suggest that dietary 0.3–1 g/kg of FA can significantly improve growth performance, immune response, intestinal health and hepatic antioxidant capacity in rainbow trout.
School health and nutrition services for children and adolescents in Tanzania: A review of policies and programmes
Authors: Sando David , Sachin Shinde , Moshi Grace , Sando Mary‐Mwanyika , Yussuf Mashavu , Mwakitalima Anyitike , Fawzi Wafaie 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSchool health and nutrition programmes are effective strategies to address the health problems among school‐going children and adolescents. We examined the policy environments, successes and bottlenecks associated with school health and nutrition programmes in Tanzania. We used the ‘policy triangle framework’ to examine 22 national and regional school health and nutrition policies and programmes in Tanzania. We also interviewed 16 key informants to gain further insights into school health and nutrition programmes. Several school health and nutrition policies in Tanzania outline the basic elements of school‐based health and nutrition services. Yet, these documents neither recognise vulnerable groups, recommend age‐appropriate strategies to address children's and adolescents' varied and transient needs, nor provide a framework for implementing and tracking recommended activities. In these documents, underweight and infectious diseases, including human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, are frequently identified as major concerns of young people, with little or no consideration of social determinants. Diverse strategies including school feeding, water and sanitation services, health and nutrition education and promotion of healthy behaviours are identified. In doing so, these documents adequately define the roles and responsibilities of all government actors, but young people and their guardians are not actively engaged in design and implementation. Additionally, there are several challenges to implementing these policies including budgetary constraints, limited resources, a lack of inter‐sectoral coordination and insufficient capacity within targeted schools. To improve the health and nutritional status of school‐going children and adolescents in Tanzania, adequate budgets, strengthened coordination and implementation efforts, the development of school‐based stakeholders' capacity, as well as the involvement of all other stakeholders, including adolescents, are imperative.
Nothing to lose? Neural correlates of decision, anticipation, and feedback in the balloon analog risk task
Authors: Schmidt Stephanie N. L. , Sehrig Sarah , Wolber Alexander , Rockstroh Brigitte , Mier Daniela 
Published: August 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the subprocesses of risky decision making is a prerequisite for understanding (dys‐)functional decisions. For the present fMRI study, we designed a novel variant of the balloon‐analog‐risk task (BART) that measures three phases: decision making, reward anticipation, and feedback processing. Twenty‐nine healthy young adults completed the BART. We analyzed neural activity and functional connectivity. Parametric modulation allowed assessing changes in brain functioning depending on the riskiness of the decision. Our results confirm involvement of nucleus accumbens, insula, anterior cingulate cortex, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in all subprocesses of risky decision‐making. In addition, subprocesses were differentiated by the strength of activation in these regions, as well as by changes in activity and nucleus accumbens‐connectivity by the riskiness of the decision. The presented fMRI‐BART variant allows distinguishing activity and connectivity during the subprocesses of risky decision making and shows how activation and connectivity patterns relate to the riskiness of the decision. Hence, it is a useful tool for unraveling impairments in subprocesses of risky decision making in people with high risk behavior.
Factors contributing to stillbirth in young hyper‐prolific sows in a tropical free‐farrowing system
Authors: Ngo CongBang , Boonprakob Rafa , Tummaruk Padet 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe present study investigated factors associated with the incidence of stillbirth in young hyper‐prolific sows within free farrowing systems in tropical environments. A total of 714 live‐born and 54 stillborn piglets from 57 Landrace × Yorkshire sows, with an average parity of 2.7 ± 1.0 (range: 1 – 4), were comprehensively investigated. Reproductive variables of the sows, including gestation length, farrowing duration, the total number of piglets born per litter, and the birth order and status of each piglet, were recorded. Differences in the physiological characteristics of live‐born and stillborn piglets, such as birth interval, cumulative birth interval, body weight at birth, crown‐rump length, body mass index (BMI), ponderal index (PI), meconium staining score, and the percentage of piglets with a broken umbilical cord, were analysed. Piglets were divided into four groups based on the quartiles of birth order (Q1–Q4). On average, the duration of farrowing was 173.3 ± 85.9 min, and the total number of piglets born and number of piglets born alive‐per litter were 14.1 ± 3.8 and 12.5 ± 3.5, respectively. The incidence of stillbirth was 6.7% (54/801 piglets). The higher percentages of stillbirths were detected in sows with large litter sizes (≥17 piglets, 10.9%) compared to those with small (≤13 piglets, 6.1%) and moderate (14 – 16 piglets, 2.8%) litter sizes (p < .001). The incidences of stillbirth in Q3 and Q4 of the litters were higher than in Q1 and Q2 (p < .001). Compared to live‐born piglets, stillborn piglets had higher cumulative birth interval (103.0 ± 3.71 vs. 142.4 ± 9.35 min, p < .001), BMI (17.1 ± 0.15 vs. 18.4 ± 0.39 kg/m2, p = .002), PI (63.7 ± 0.59 vs. 70.8 ± 1.59 kg/m3, p < .001), meconium staining scores (1.78 ± 0.04 vs. 2.04 ± 0.10, p = .021), and the percentage of piglets born with a ruptured umbilical cord (45.2% vs. 66.0%, p = .004). An increase in the incidence of stillbirth was detected at 60, 120, 150, 180, and ≥ 210 min after the first piglet was born, compared to those born within the first 30 min of farrowing (p < .05). In conclusion, the study found that stillbirths in young, hyper‐prolific sows were linked to several factors: large litter sizes (≥17 piglets per litter), prolonged cumulative birth intervals (142.4 min), elevated BMI of 18.4 kg/m2, high PI values of 70.8 kg/m3, increased meconium staining scores, and a higher occurrence of ruptured umbilical cords. To reduce the risk of stillbirth, particularly among piglets with high body indices born later in the birthing process, it is recommended to enhance farrowing supervision for young sows, starting at a cumulative birth interval of 60 min.
The Reliability of Contraceptive Discontinuation Reporting in Burkina Faso, Kenya, and Uganda
Authors: Sarnak Dana , Magalona Sophia , Anglewicz Phil 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFamily planning researchers have been studying the discontinuation of contraception—the prevalence and reasons for it—for decades, as it has implications for contraceptive prevalence, total fertility, and unintended fertility. However little is known about the reliability of contraceptive discontinuation reporting: only two studies have examined the reliability of reported discontinuation in low‐resource contexts. We use longitudinal and overlapping data from reproductive calendars to test the reliability of women's reporting of contraceptive discontinuation in Burkina Faso, Kenya, and Uganda. We test whether recent discontinuations reported at baseline are reported one year later, and if the same reason for discontinuation is reported. Results reveal moderate reliability at the aggregate level of reporting of the index discontinuation; however, reliability is low when the timing of discontinuation is considered. There is variability across the reliability of reasons for discontinuation; discontinuation due to desired pregnancy is reported reliably while other reasons are less reliably reported. Our findings have important implications for the field, particularly in how the data are used and interpreted; we urge caution around event‐level analyses of contraceptive discontinuation and reasons for discontinuation, given low reliability.
Gender differences in the determinants of choking under pressure: Evidence from penalty kicks in soccer
Authors: Santos Ricardo Manuel 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveIn this article, we aim to determine whether there are gender differences about the importance of psychological pressure at the time of the penalty kick event in soccer. Soccer is a formidable framework because it is easier to disentangle the psychological aspects from clearly observable actions, strategies, and outcomes. We are interested in identifying whether there is choking under pressure, a phenomenon characterized by individuals performing worse than they would under the absence of factors that trigger stress.MethodsFour different pressure mechanisms are considered and tested using data from all 494 penalty kicks in the top male and female soccer tournament.ResultsOur findings show that the stress mechanisms considered affect scoring rates; however, we fail to identify statistically significant differences by gender.ConclusionTherefore, the design of programs aimed to help choking‐prone individuals should not over‐emphasize gender differences in this setting.
Arabidopsis VILLIN5 bundles actin filaments using a novel mechanism
Authors: Zhuang Yuhui , Wang Yingjie , Jiao Cuixia , Shang Zhonglin , Huang Shanjin 
Published: August 2024

SUMMARYBeing a bona fide actin bundler, Arabidopsis villin5 (VLN5) plays a crucial role in regulating actin stability and organization within pollen tubes. Despite its significance, the precise mechanism through which VLN5 bundles actin filaments has remained elusive. Through meticulous deletion analysis, we have unveiled that the link between gelsolin repeat 6 (G6) and the headpiece domain (VHP), rather than VHP itself, is indispensable for VLN5‐mediated actin bundling. Further refinement of this region has pinpointed a critical sequence spanning from Val763 to Ser823, essential for VLN5's actin‐bundling activity. Notably, the absence of Val763‐Ser823 in VLN5 results in decreased filamentous decoration within pollen tubes and a diminished ability to rescue actin bundling defects in vln2vln5 mutant pollen tubes compared to intact VLN5. Moreover, our findings highlight that the Val763‐Ser823 sequence harbors a binding site for F‐actin, suggesting that this linker‐based F‐actin binding site, in conjunction with the F‐actin binding site localized in G1–G6, enables a single VLN5 to concurrently bind to two adjacent actin filaments. Therefore, our study unveils a novel mechanism by which VLN5 bundles actin filaments.
Blood Neutrophil‐to‐Lymphocyte Ratio as a Potential Prognostic Marker in Dogs ≤10 kg With Multicentric Lymphoma
Authors: Park SoYoung , Kim Sehoon , Hong Yeon‐Jung , Park Jung‐Hoon , Han Mangil , Lee Younghee , Ryu Min‐Ok , Youn Hwa‐Young , Seo KyoungWon 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTCanine lymphoma, the most prevalent haematopoietic tumour in dogs, presents significant challenges in veterinary oncology. This study investigates the prognostic value of the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in small‐sized dogs (≤10 kg) with multicentric lymphoma. In this retrospective study, we examined medical records and haematological data from 35 dogs to assess the association between NLR and two key outcomes: time‐to‐progression (TTP) and lymphoma‐specific survival (LSS) using Cox proportional hazards models. Our findings revealed a significant correlation between elevated NLR and a worse prognosis, as evidenced by TTP (p = 0.005) and LSS (p = 0.001). NLR is linked to increased hazard ratios (HRs) for the time‐to‐progression rate (TTPR) at 180, 360 and 540 days (p = 0.001, p = 0.003 and p = 0.005, respectively) and the lymphoma‐specific survival rate (LSSR) at the same intervals (p = 0.016, p = 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively). Cutoff value of 3.764 for NLR was established, above which there is a significantly increased risk of early disease progression and decreased survival. Additionally, our analysis indicates that dogs with substage b exhibited earlier progression than those with substage a, evident in overall (p = 0.026) and TTPR at 180 days (p = 0.004), 360 days (p = 0.018), 540 days (p = 0.026) and LSSR at 180 days (p = 0.033). The results underscore the potential of NLR as a prognostic marker in cases of dogs ≤10 kg with multicentric lymphoma, suggesting that higher NLR is associated with a poorer prognosis.
Galois invariants of finite abelian descent and Brauer sets
Authors: Creutz Brendan , Pajwani Jesse , Voloch José Felipe 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFor a variety over a global field, one can consider subsets of the set of adelic points of the variety cut out by finite abelian descent or Brauer–Manin obstructions. Given a Galois extension of the ground field, one can consider similar sets over the extension and take Galois invariants. In this paper, we study under which circumstances the Galois invariants recover the obstruction sets over the ground field. As an application of our results, we study finite abelian descent and Brauer–Manin obstructions for isotrivial curves over function fields and extend results obtained by the first and last authors for constant curves to the isotrivial case.
Localized Manipulation of Martensite Transformation in Double-Sided Incremental Forming by Varying the Deformation Path
Authors: Darzi Shayan , Tulung Enrico , Kinsey Brad L. , Ha Jinjin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Incremental sheet metal forming is known for its high flexibility, making it suitable for fabricating low-batch, highly customized complex parts. In this article, a localized multipass toolpath referred to as localized reforming, with reverse forming in a region of interest, is employed within the double-sided incremental forming (DSIF) process to manipulate the mechanical properties of a truncated pyramid formed from austenitic stainless steel sheet, SS304, through deformation-induced martensite transformation. DSIF forms a clamped sheet through localized deformations by two opposing tools. The toolpath effect in localized reforming is examined in terms of martensite transformation, geometrical accuracy, and thickness distribution. The results are compared with a conventional toolpath, i.e., forming in a single pass. The results show that varying toolpaths lead to different martensite transformation levels, while final geometry and thickness remain similar. The study demonstrates that localized reforming significantly increases martensite transformation in the specified region, i.e., the center of the pyramid wall, to ∼70%, with a martensite fraction remaining around 25% elsewhere. In comparison, using a single pass forming toolpath leads to a decreasing martensite fraction from the base of the pyramid toward the apex, due to the heat generated, with values &lt;10% along the entire wall. Through finite element simulation, it is shown that the increase in martensite transformation of the region of interest is with the plastic deformation accumulation during the reverse pass. These findings highlight the potential to tailor mechanical properties in specific areas using a reforming toolpath in DSIF.
FF-RRT*: A Sampling-Based Planner for Multirobot Global Formation Path Planning
Authors: Borate Suraj , Rana Rwik , Venkatesh Praveen , Vadali Madhu 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This article presents a collision-free global path planning approach for multirobot systems called flexible formation—rapidly exploring randomized trees* (FF-RRT*). The algorithm is based on RRT* and provides a flexible and efficient representation of the formation geometry independent of the number of robots. It is designed to generate optimal paths for multirobot systems in a five-dimensional configuration space comprising the formation centroid, orientation, and scaling. An affine transformation is used to convert the path in the configuration space to the workspace of the robots. The proposed method employs a new distance function that eliminates the need for tuning weights and a sampling scheme for scaling factors to avoid inter-robot collisions. FF-RRT* is experimentally demonstrated using nonholonomic wheeled mobile robots and is effective in planning the collective motion of the robots. Robots could collectively reach goals by squeezing through narrow gaps and splitting and merging around large obstacles.
Thermal Investigations of Solar Panel Deployment Angles for a 3U CubeSat Orbiting at LEO
Authors: Atar Cihan , Aktaş Metin , Sözbir Nedim , Çamdalı Ünal 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Designing and manufacturing of CubeSats have a rapidly growing interest lately as they can serve in a wide range of space missions. To ensure that they are safe, stable, and functional in harsh space environment, thermal studies are very important. New design approaches have been introduced to manufacture more efficient and long-lasting satellites, and deploying solar panels is one of them aiming to harness more solar energy. In the literature, however, the studies focusing on CubeSats with deployed solar panels at different angles are very limited. Due to this reason, we investigated the thermal influences of solar panel deployment angle for a 3U CubeSat at low Earth orbit in this study. With this aim, the solar panel deployment angles of 75, 60, 45, 30, 15, 0, −15, −30, −45, −60, and −75 deg were modeled and simulated thermally. Besides, various orbital positions corresponding to different Earth days were examined for the 3U CubeSat with fully deployed solar panels. In addition, the heat absorbed by CubeSat structural panels and its solar panels were analyzed in detail. The results showed that solar panel deployment angles are highly influential on the satellite heating, and hence, maximum heat input occurs at the deployment angle of 15 deg. It can be here noted that our results of this study may give rise to valuable contribution for optimizing the design and energy budget of CubeSats. Furthermore, the available energy harnessed by solar panels can be maximized accordingly.
Fluid Flow and Thermal Characteristics of an Obtuse-Angled Trapezoidal Solar Air Heater Channel With Corner Modifications and Ribs on Absorber Plates
Authors: Dara Rambabu , Muvvala Pullarao 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In the ongoing research, an endeavor is made to discover the thermal and flow behavior of air flowing through an isosceles obtuse-angled trapezoidal solar air heater (SAH) channel by integrating a couple of geometrical amendments in the flow passage. By amending one or two bottom corners of the simple channel (model 1) from regular sharp to curvatures, two channels, i.e., model 2 and model 3 are generated. Out of models 1–3, the better model is discovered to be model 3, according to the rise in air bulk temperature value. The effect of the corner radius of curvature (5–20 mm) is also investigated in these three models. On the better model 3, rectangular ribs are deployed on few or all absorber plates, consequently, five channels, i.e., models 4–8 are generated. In these models, the rib parameters are adjusted, and advance inquiries are accomplished. 3D computational studies are operated by employing the ansys fluent. Furthermore, experiments are steered to justify the computational findings. The investigations are conceded over Reynolds numbers: 5000–28,000. The impact of operational factors on Nusselt number, friction factor, and channel exit air temperature is examined. The foremost goal of the SAH is to heat the air to a larger extent while passing through the channel. It is identified that the SAH channel model 4 (bottom two corners with a curvature of 20 mm and rectangular ribs on top absorber plate with relative rib height 0.04) is the supreme possibility, displaying temperature augmentation of 32.32% in contrast to the simple trapezoidal channel.
Modeling and Numerical Simulation of a Parabolic Trough Solar Collector Connected to a Solar Tracker
Authors: Sebbar E.H. , Labtira A. , Hmimou A. , El Rhafiki T. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The Earth's atmosphere receives approximately 1353 W m−2 of energy emitted by the Sun, is the primary source of radiation, and provides most of the energy available to life on Earth. The aim of this research is to study the optical and thermal performance of parabolic trough solar collectors (PTSC), considering internal parameters and meteorological conditions. A three-dimensional numerical model was developed and approved. An in-depth parametric analysis was conducted on the numerous factors influencing the thermal behavior of the collector. To perfect the absorber tube's exposure to solar radiation throughout the day, we have developed an electrical circuit that enables the PTSC to track the sun. All solar flux received by the concentrator is efficiently directed to the absorber surface, maximizing solar energy capture. Our system is thus both cost-effective and efficient in maximizing the use of the solar energy received. The behavior of this circuit was simulated using isis software to verify its functionality. Using the finite volume method with the ansys fluent 3D CFD tool, we conducted a complete analysis and resolution of the system of equations. We evaluated the performance of the PTSC as a function of mass flowrate and type of heat transfer fluid. When the mass flowrate increases from 0.001 kg s−1 to 0.003 kg s−1, energy production rises from 4.0555 kWh to 4.1309 kWh over 23 h. As far as the heat transfer fluid is concerned, the thermal oil is an efficient heat transfer fluid, with an energy output of 4.8972 kWh.