bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diabetes in pregnancy outcomes: A systematic review and proposed codification of definitions
Authors:   The International Association of Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group (IADPSG) Working Group on Outcome Definitions, Feig Denice S. , Corcoy Rosa , Jensen Dorte Moller , Kautzky‐Willer Alexandra , Nolan Christopher J. , Oats Jeremy J. N. , Sacks David A. , Caimari Francisca , McIntyre H. David 
Published: February 2015

SummaryRising rates of diabetes in pregnancy have led to an escalation in research in this area. As in any area of clinical research, definitions of outcomes vary from study to study, making it difficult to compare research findings and draw conclusions. Our aim was to compile and create a repository of definitions, which could then be used universally. A systematic review of the literature was performed on published and ongoing randomized controlled trials in the area of diabetes in pregnancy between 01 Jan 2000 and 01 Jun 2012. Other sources included the World Health Organization and Academic Society Statements. The advice of experts was sought when appropriate definitions were lacking. Among the published randomized controlled trials on diabetes and pregnancy, 171 abstracts were retrieved, 64 full texts were reviewed and 53 were included. Among the ongoing randomized controlled trials published in ClinicalTrials.gov, 90 protocols were retrieved and 25 were finally included. The definitions from these were assembled and the final maternal definitions and foetal definitions were agreed upon by consensus. It is our hope that the definitions we have provided (i) will be widely used in the reporting of future studies in the area of diabetes in pregnancy, that they will (ii) facilitate future systematic reviews and formal meta analyses and (iii) ultimately improve outcomes for mothers and babies. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Organochlorine pesticides, lead, and mercury in northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) and scaled quail (Callipepla squamata) from the rolling plains ecoregion of Texas and Oklahoma
Authors: Baxter Catherine E. , Pappas Sara , Abel Michael T. , Kendall Ronald J. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract

Northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) and scaled quail (Callipepla squamata) from the Rolling Plains ecoregion in Texas and Oklahoma were evaluated for organochlorine pesticides, Pb, and Hg. Of all organochlorine pesticides analyzed, only p,p′-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p′-DDE) and p,p′-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (p,p′-DDD) were found in a few composite liver samples. Similarly, a small fraction of tissue samples had detectable levels of Hg (liver and breast) or Pb exceeding background concentrations (femur). Lead concentrations in a few individuals fell within the range associated with moderate toxicity. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:1505–1510. © 2015 SETAC
Physiological effects and reduced tolerance following maternal metal exposure in the live-bearing fish Gambusia affinis
Authors: Cazan Alfy Morales , Klerks Paul L. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract

The present study assessed the effects of maternal copper or cadmium exposure in a live-bearing fish. After a 10-d exposure to background levels (control) or 0.15 μM copper or cadmium, gravid females were transferred to clean water. Once a female gave birth, the authors analyzed her newborn offspring for lipid peroxidation, elemental composition (copper, cadmium, and calcium), and metal tolerance. The authors raised other offspring until sexual maturity and analyzed their growth rate, incidence of abnormalities, and sex ratio. Their earlier research, using the same species and exposure design, demonstrated that cadmium and copper were transferred from gravid females to their offspring. The present study showed that offspring of copper-exposed females had a reduced size at birth, developmental abnormalities, elevated tissue cadmium levels, and reduced tissue calcium levels. Offspring of cadmium-exposed females had elevated levels of lipid peroxidation, developmental abnormalities, and lower tissue levels of both copper and calcium. No effects were detected with respect to offsprings' growth rate or sex ratio. Offspring of metal-exposed fish had a reduced tolerance to the metal that their female parent had been exposed to, and the tolerance showed an inverse relationship to the tissue metal level in the offspring. The latter indicates that the reduced tolerance was the result of an increased body burden prior to the tolerance quantification. The present study constitutes the first report in live-bearing fishes showing that maternal metal exposure has a wide range of negative impacts on the offspring. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:1337–1344. © 2015 SETAC
A gene to organism approach—assessing the impact of environmental pollution in eelpout (Zoarces viviparus) females and larvae
Authors: Asker Noomi , Carney Almroth Bethanie , Albertsson Eva , Coltellaro Mariateresa , Bignell John Paul , Hanson Niklas , Scarcelli Vittoria , Fagerholm Björn , Parkkonen Jari , Wijkmark Emma , Frenzilli Giada , Förlin Lars , Sturve Joachim 
Published: February 2015

Abstract

A broad biomarker approach was applied to study the effects of marine pollution along the Swedish west coast using the teleost eelpout (Zoarces viviparus) as the sentinel species. Measurements were performed on different biological levels, from the molecular to the organismal, including measurements of messenger RNA (mRNA), proteins, cellular and tissue changes, and reproductive success. Results revealed that eelpout captured in Stenungsund had significantly higher hepatic ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase activity, high levels of both cytochrome P4501A and diablo homolog mRNA, and high prevalence of dead larvae and nuclear damage in erythrocytes. Eelpout collected in Göteborg harbor displayed extensive macrovesicular steatosis, whereby the majority of hepatocytes were affected throughout the liver, which could indicate an effect on lipid metabolism. Results also indicate that eelpouts collected at polluted sites might have an affected immune system, with lower mRNA expression of genes involved in the innate immune system and a higher number of lymphocytes. Biomarker assessment also was performed on livers dissected from unborn eelpout larvae collected from the ovary of the females. No significant differences were noted, which might indicate that the larvae to some extent are protected from effects of environmental pollutants. In conclusion, usage of the selected set of biological markers, covering responses from gene to organism, has demonstrated site-specific biomarker patterns that provided a broad and comprehensive picture of the impact of environmental stressors. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:1511–1523. © 2015 The Authors. Published by SETAC.
Comparison of PBDE congeners as inducers of oxidative stress in zebrafish
Authors: Usenko Crystal Y. , Abel Erika L. , Kudela Molly , Janise Annie , Bruce Erica D. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract

A proposed primary pathway through which polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) disrupt normal biological functions is oxidative stress. In the present study, 4 PBDE congeners were evaluated for their potential to initiate oxidative stress in zebrafish during development: BDE 28, BDE 47, BDE 99, and BDE 100. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) was used to increase intracellular glutathione concentrations and only decreased the effects of BDE 28 at 10 ppm and 20 ppm and BDE 47 at 20 ppm. N-acetylcysteine coexposure did not alter the rates of mortality or curved body axis compared with PBDE exposure alone. The activity of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) was not altered at 24 h postfertilization (hpf), but increased following 10 ppm BDE 28 exposure at 120 hpf. Transcription of several genes associated with stress was also evaluated. At 24 hpf, cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6a (COX6a) transcription was up-regulated in embryos exposed to BDE 99, and BDE 28 exposure up-regulated the transcription of Glutathione-S-transferase-pi (GSTpi). At 24 hpf, glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCLC) was slightly down-regulated by all congeners evaluated. At 120 hpf, TNF receptor-associated protein 1 (TRAP1) and COX6A were up-regulated by all congeners, however GSTpi was down-regulated by all congeners. The results of quantitative real-time transcription polymerase chain reaction are mixed and do not strongly support a transcriptional response to oxidative stress. According to the authors' data, PBDEs do not induce oxidative stress. Oxidative stress may occur at high exposure concentrations; however, this does not appear to be a primary mechanism of action for the PBDE congeners tested. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:1154–1160. © 2015 SETAC
Cadmium accumulation and toxicity in the unicellular alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata: Influence of metal-binding exudates and exposure time
Authors: Paquet Nathalie , Lavoie Michel , Maloney Frédéric , Duval Jérôme F.L. , Campbell Peter G.C. , Fortin Claude 
Published: February 2015

Abstract

Predicting metal availability and toxicity for chronic (several hours or days) metal exposure scenarios, even for unicellular algae, is a major challenge to existing toxicity models. This is because several factors affecting metal uptake and toxicity, such as the release of metal-binding exudates, changes in the kinetics of metal uptake and toxicity over time, and algal physiological acclimation to internalized metals, are still poorly understood. The present study assessed the influence of these factors on Cd uptake and toxicity in laboratory batch cultures of the freshwater alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. To do so, changes in the free Cd2+ concentrations caused by the release of metal-binding algal exudates were monitored,109Cd accumulation in algal cells was measured, and Cd-induced inhibition of algal growth as a function of exposure time (from 12 h to 96 h) was followed. Results indicate that metal-binding exudates may decrease the proportion of the free Cd2+ ion in solution up to 2-fold, a decrease that affects Cd uptake and toxicity. Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata has the capacity to decrease net Cd uptake rate on short time scales (&lt;24 h), but this reduction in the Cd uptake rate disappeared after 24 h, and Cd toxicity occurred at relatively high Cd concentrations in solution. These data illustrate some of the pitfalls of standard algal toxicity assays, which were designed for acute exposures, and suggest how robust chronic bioassays might be developed. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:1524–1532. © 2015 SETAC
Comparative cytotoxicity of dolomite nanoparticles in human larynx HEp2 and liver HepG2 cells
Authors: Ahamed Maqusood , Alhadlaq Hisham A. , Ahmad Javed , Siddiqui Maqsood A. , Khan Shams T. , Musarrat Javed , Al‐Khedhairy Abdulaziz A. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractDolomite is a natural mineral of great industrial and commercial importance. With the advent of nanotechnology, natural minerals including dolomite in the form of nanoparticles (NPs) are being utilized in various applications to improve the quality of products. However, safety or toxicity information of dolomite NPs is largely lacking. This study evaluated the cytotoxicity of dolomite NPs in two widely used in vitro cell culture models: human airway epithelial (HEp2) and human liver (HepG2) cells. Concentration‐dependent decreased cell viability and damaged cell membrane integrity revealed the cytotoxicity of dolomite NPs. We further observed that dolomite NPs induce oxidative stress in a concentration‐dependent manner, as indicated by depletion of glutathione and induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation. Quantitative real‐time PCR data demonstrated that the mRNA level of tumor suppressor gene p53 and apoptotic genes (bax, CASP3 and CASP9) were up‐regulated whereas the anti‐apoptotic gene bcl‐2 was down‐regulated in HEp2 and HepG2 cells exposed to dolomite NPs. Moreover, the activity of apoptotic enzymes (caspase‐3 and caspase‐9) was also higher in both kinds of cells treated with dolomite NPs. It is also worth mentioning that HEp2 cells seem to be marginally more susceptible to dolomite NPs exposure than HepG2 cells. Cytotoxicity induced by dolomite NPs was efficiently prevented by N‐acetyl cysteine treatment, which suggests that oxidative stress is primarily responsible for the cytotoxicity of dolomite NPs in both HEp2 and HepG2 cells. Toxicity mechanisms of dolomite NPs warrant further investigations at the in vivo level. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Safety of Chinese herbal medicines during pregnancy
Authors: Liang Bo , Li Lu , Tang Ling Yin , Wu Qi , Wu Xiao Ke , Wang Chi Chiu 
Published: February 2015

AbstractMiscarriage and infertility have long been public concerns due to the mental and physical suffering they bring to potential parents. There is a strong need for effective and affordable treatments. Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) have been shown to be effective for preventing miscarriage and treating infertility; however, due to the limited knowledge of their pharmacological mechanisms and unknown potential toxicity, their use has been restricted. This paper reviews 24 clinical trials of CHMs to prevent miscarriage and treat infertility. Most of these studies did not meet the requirements of randomized controlled trials. Even when using quality assessments based on the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale to assess the quality of non‐randomized studies, most studies did not meet the requirements. The reviewed papers were evaluated for maternal and embryonic adverse effects, including those in animal experiments. Slight maternal effects were noted, with some reports of severe toxic effects of CHMs for preventing miscarriage and severe adverse maternal effects of CHMs used for infertility. Owing to the poor quality of the randomized controlled clinical trials and the limited number of studies, it is not possible to draw a conclusion. From animal studies, for all three gestational periods, growth delay and congenital anomalies were the most commonly recorded adverse effects. However, baseline toxicological data and detailed mechanisms are still lacking. To gain a better understanding of the potential toxic effects of CHMs, additional high‐quality randomized controlled trials should be conducted, and high‐throughput in vitro screening method for baseline data should be considered. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bisphenol A promotes X‐linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein‐dependent angiogenesis via G protein‐coupled estrogen receptor pathway
Authors: Liu Jian , Jin Xin , Zhao Nana , Ye Xiaolei , Ying Chenjiang 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBisphenol A (BPA), one of the high‐volume chemicals worldwide, has a core structure resembling that of natural estradiol. Recent evidence has demonstrated that exposure to BPA has a relationship with the risk of cancer. The objective of our study is to investigate the mechanisms underlying the pro‐angiogenic effects of BPA. We demonstrated that BPA markedly induces endothelial cell proliferation, migration and tube formation by activating endothelial nitric oxide synthase. BPA‐induced nitric oxide generation appeared to be associated with the X‐linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), which competes with endothelial nitric oxide synthase for caveolin‐1. BPA was shown to exert its pro‐angiogenic effect by upregulating XIAP expression via G protein‐coupled estrogen receptor (ER) activation but not via ERα or ERβ. Our data suggest that 100 nM BPA promote angiogenesis in a G protein‐coupled ER‐dependent genomic pathway, and provide a novel insight into the potential role of XIAP in mediating the pro‐angiogenic effects of BPA in endothelial cells. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Two‐generation reproduction and teratology studies of feeding aditoprim in Wistar rats
Authors: Wang Xu , Tan Ziqiang , Cheng Guyue , Awais Ihsan , Huang Lingli , Chen Dongmei , Pan Yuanhu , Liu Zhenli , Yuan Zonghui 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAditoprim, a new bacteriostatic agent that belongs to diaminopyrimidines, has a broad antimicrobial spectrum, good antibacterial activity and excellent pharmacokinetics. To evaluate the reproductive toxicity and teratogenic potential of aditoprim, different concentrations of aditoprim were administered to Wistar rats by feeding diets containing 0, 20, 100 and 1000 mg kg–1, respectively. Each group consisting of 18 males and 25 females (F0) was treated with different concentrations of aditoprim through a 13‐week period before mating and during mating, gestation, parturition and lactation. At weaning, 20 males and 25 females of the F1generation weanlings per group were selected randomly as parents for the F2generation. Selected F1weanlings were exposed to the same diet and treatment as their parents. At 1000 mg kg–1dose group, body weights in F0and F1rats, fetal body weight on day 21 (0, 4 and 21) after birth and number of viable fetuses in the F0and F1generation significantly decreased. Teratogenicity study was performed in combination with the F1generation of a two‐generation reproduction study. F1parents of the reproduction study were mated after weaning of the F2apups. Pregnant female rats were subjected to cesarean section on gestational day 20 for teratogenic examination. At 1000 mg kg–1group, body weights, fetal body lengths, tail lengths, litter weights and number of viable fetuses were significantly decreased. No obvious external, skeletal or visceral malformations in fetuses were noted in any groups in the teratogenic test. The no‐observed‐adverse‐effect level for reproduction/development toxicity of aditoprim was 100 mg kg–1diet (about 7.89–9.25 mg kg–1body weight day–1). Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Life Expectancy in Patients Treated for Osteoporosis: Observational Cohort Study Using National Danish Prescription Data
Authors: Abrahamsen Bo , Osmond Clive , Cooper Cyrus 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT

Osteoporosis is a chronic disease, carrying an elevated risk of fractures, morbidity, and death. Long-term treatment may be required, but the long-term risks with osteoporosis drugs remain incompletely understood. The competing risk of death may be a barrier to treating the oldest, yet this may not be rational if the risk of death is reduced by treatment. It is difficult to devise goal-directed long-term strategies for managing osteoporosis without firm information about residual life expectancy in treated patients. We conducted an observational study in Danish national registries tracking prescriptions for osteoporosis drugs, comorbid conditions, and deaths. We included 58,637 patients and 225,084 age- and sex-matched control subjects. Information on deaths until the end of 2013 was retrieved, providing a follow-up period of 10 to 17 years. In men younger than 80 years and women younger than 60 years, the relative risk of dying declined from being strongly increased in the first year to a stable but elevated level in subsequent years. In women older than 65 to 70 years, there was only a small elevation in risk in the first year of treatment followed by lower than background population mortality. The residual life expectancy of a 50-year-old man beginning osteoporosis treatment was estimated to be 18.2 years and that of a 75-year-old man was 7.5 years. Estimates in women were 26.4 years and 13.5 years, respectively. This study shows an excess mortality in men and in women younger than 70 years who are treated for osteoporosis compared with the background population. This excess risk is more pronounced in the first few years on treatment. The average life expectancy of osteoporosis patients is in excess of 15 years in women younger than 75 years and in men younger than 60 years, highlighting the importance of developing tools for long-term management. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Comparing pyridoxine and doxylamine succinate‐pyridoxine HCl for nausea and vomiting of pregnancy: A matched, controlled cohort study
Authors: Pope Eliza , Maltepe Caroline , Koren Gideon 
Published: February 2015

AbstractNausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP) is a common gestational condition. This is the first study to compare the use of vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) versus Diclectin (doxylamine succinate–pyridoxine HCl) for NVP symptoms. Participants were pregnant women with NVP who used either pyridoxine or doxylamine succinate–pyridoxine HCl for ≥4 days prior to calling the Motherisk NVP Helpline. Women receiving pyridoxine only (n = 80) were matched to a woman taking doxylamine succinate–pyridoxine HCl only (n = 80), accounting for potential confounders and baseline level of NVP, measured by the Pregnancy Unique Quantification of Emesis (PUQE) score. Change in NVP severity after a week of therapy with either pyridoxine or doxylamine succinate–pyridoxine HCl was quantified using the PUQE‐24 scale, which describes NVP symptoms 24 hours prior to their call. Doxylamine succinate–pyridoxine HCl use found a significant reduction in PUQE score, compared with pyridoxine (+0.5 versus ‐0.2, P < .05; negative denotes worsening). This association was especially prominent in women with more severe symptoms, where doxylamine succinate–pyridoxine HCl use saw a mean improvement of 2.6 versus 0.4 with pyridoxine (P < .05). As well, doxylamine succinate–pyridoxine HCl use was associated with fewer women experiencing moderate to severe scores after a week of treatment, compared with the pyridoxine group (7 versus 17, P < .05), despite similar baseline PUQE scores.
Retracted: Formononetin promotes proliferation that involves a feedback loop of microRNA‐375 and estrogen receptor alpha in estrogen receptor‐positive cells
Authors: Chen Jian , Zhang Xing , Wang Yong , Ye Yu , Huang Zhaoquan 
Published: February 2015

RETRACTIONWithout the authors' knowledge, this article was reviewed by fraudulent reviewers. It has since been re‐reviewed and is being replaced by an updated version.
Self‐care management questionnaire for long‐term indwelling urinary catheter users
Authors: Wilde Mary H. , McMahon James M. , Tang Wan , McDonald Margaret V. , Brasch Judith , Fairbanks Eileen , Shah Shivani 
Published: February 2015

AimsSelf‐management is believed to be an important behavioral capacity in people with chronic illness, and self‐efficacy is an important component contributing to self‐management. Two new and related measures for urinary catheter self‐efficacy (C‐SE) and self‐management (C‐SMG) were developed based on existing tools and tested for psychometrics for use in a randomized clinical trial (RCT) teaching urinary catheter self‐management.MethodsThe instruments were evaluated at baseline (intake face to face interview) with 202 persons and with 158 of the same individuals 6 months later by telephone interviews. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted in an iterative process related to items’ theoretical and statistical appropriateness. To assess construct validity and goodness of fit for model testing, confirmatory factor analysis was conducted with the samples at intake and 6 months. Also, bivariate analyses were conducted of the measures in relation to each other.ResultsBoth scales were modified reducing the items to 13 in each, with four factors in C‐SE and three factors in C‐SMG. Reliability testing (Cronbach's alpha) was viewed as satisfactory for both scales, though some of the subscale (factors) reliabilities were lower in the self‐management measure. Confirmatory factor analysis was adequate. Correlation of the two instruments (r = 0.25, P < 001) suggests that they are related scales.ConclusionWith a change in the C‐SMG scale from 3‐ to 5‐level responses and subsequent testing, both new scales are appropriate for use separately or together as a questionnaire related to catheter self‐care management in intervention research with long‐term indwelling urinary catheter users. Neurourol. Urodynam. 35:492–496, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.