bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nestin‐expressing cells in the gut give rise to enteric neurons and glial cells
Authors: Belkind‐Gerson J. , Carreon‐Rodriguez A. , Benedict L. Andrew , Steiger C. , Pieretti A. , Nagy N. , Dietrich J. , Goldstein A. M. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackground  Neuronal stem cells (NSCs) are promising for neurointestinal disease therapy. Although NSCs have been isolated from intestinal musclularis, their presence in mucosa has not been well described. Mucosa‐derived NSCs are accessible endoscopically and could be used autologously. Brain‐derived Nestin‐positive NSCs are important in endogenous repair and plasticity. The aim was to isolate and characterize mucosa‐derived NSCs, determine their relationship to Nestin‐expressing cells and to demonstrate their capacity to produce neuroglial networks in vitro and in vivo.Methods  Neurospheres were generated from periventricular brain, colonic muscularis (Musc), and mucosa–submucosa (MSM) of mice expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) controlled by the Nestin promoter (Nestin‐GFP). Neuronal stem cells were also grown as adherent colonies from intestinal mucosal organoids. Their differentiation potential was assessed using immunohistochemistry using glial and neuronal markers. Brain and gut‐derived neurospheres were transplanted into explants of chick embryonic aneural hindgut to determine their fate.Key Results  Musc‐ and MSM‐derived neurospheres expressed Nestin and gave rise to cells of neuronal, glial, and mesenchymal lineage. Although Nestin expression in tissue was mostly limited to glia co‐labelled with glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP), neurosphere‐derived neurons and glia both expressed Nestin in vitro, suggesting that Nestin+/GFAP+ glial cells may give rise to new neurons. Moreover, following transplantation into aneural colon, brain‐ and gut‐derived NSCs were able to differentiate into neurons.Conclusions & Inferences  Nestin‐expressing intestinal NSCs cells give rise to neurospheres, differentiate into neuronal, glial, and mesenchymal lineages in vitro, generate neurons in vivo and can be isolated from mucosa. Further studies are needed for exploring their potential for treating neuropathies.
New insights into the brain involvement in patients with Crohn’s disease: a voxel‐based morphometry study
Authors: Agostini A. , Benuzzi F. , Filippini N. , Bertani A. , Scarcelli A. , Farinelli V. , Marchetta C. , Calabrese C. , Rizzello F. , Gionchetti P. , Ercolani M. , Campieri M. , Nichelli P. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackground  Crohn’s disease (CD) is a chronic intestinal disorder characterized by overproduction of inflammatory cytokines and recurrent abdominal pain. Recently, brain morphological abnormalities in the pain matrix were found in patients with chronic pain disorders including irritable bowel syndrome. To investigate potential structural brain changes associated with CD, we used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Furthermore, we tested whether in patients gray matter (GM) volumes correlated with disease duration.Methods  Eighteen CD patients in remission and 18 healthy controls underwent structural MRI. Voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) is a fully automated technique allowing identification of regional differences in the amount of GM enabling an objective analysis of the whole brain between groups of subjects. VBM was used for comparisons and correlation analysis.Key Results  With respect to controls, CD patients exhibited decreased GM volumes in portion of the frontal cortex and in the anterior midcingulate cortex. Disease duration was negatively correlated with GM volumes of several brain regions including neocortical and limbic areas.Conclusions & Inferences  Crohn’s disease is associated with brain morphological changes in cortical and subcortical structures involved in nociception, emotional, and cognitive processes. Our findings provide new insight into the brain involvement in chronic inflammatory bowel disorders.
Postoperative vomiting in pediatric oncologic patients: prediction by a fuzzy logic model
Authors: Bassanezi Betina S.B. , de Oliveira‐Filho Antônio G. , Jafelice Rosana S.M. , Bustorff‐Silva Joaquim M. , Udelsmann Artur 
Published: September 2012

SummaryObjectiveTo report a fuzzy logic mathematical model to predict postoperative vomiting (POV) in pediatric oncologic patients and compare with preexisting scores.BackgroundAlthough POV has a high incidence in children and may decrease parental satisfaction after surgeries, there is only one specific score that predicts POV in children: the Eberhart's score. In this study, we report a fuzzy model that intends to predict the probability of POV in pediatric oncologic patients. Fuzzy logic is a mathematical theory that recognizes more than simple true and false values and takes into account levels of continuous variables such as age or duration of the surgery. The fuzzy model tries to account for subjectiveness in the variables.MethodsPreoperative potential risk factors for POV in 198 children (0–19 year old) with malignancies were collected and analyzed. Data analysis was performed with the chi‐square test and logistic regression to evaluate probable risk factors for POV. A system based on fuzzy logic was developed with the risk factors found in the logistic regression, and a computational interface was created to calculate the probability of POV.ResultsThe model showed a good performance in predicting POV. After the analysis, the model was compared with Eberhart's score in the same population and showed a better performance.ConclusionsThe fuzzy score can predict the chance of POV in children with cancer with good accuracy, allowing better planning for postoperative prophylaxis of vomiting. The computational interface is available for free download at the internet and is very easy to use.
Expression of the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Sedoheptulose‐1,7‐bisphosphatase in Dunaliella bardawil leads to enhanced photosynthesis and increased glycerol production
Authors: Fang Lei , Lin Hui Xin , Low Chin Seng , Wu Mei Hui , Chow Yvonne , Lee Yuan Kun 
Published: September 2012

SummaryBioengineering of photoautotrophic microalgae into CO2 scrubbers and producers of value‐added metabolites is an appealing approach in low‐carbon economy. A strategy for microalgal bioengineering is to enhance the photosynthetic carbon assimilation through genetically modifying the photosynthetic pathways. The halotolerant microalgae Dunaliella posses an unique osmoregulatory mechanism, which accumulates intracellular glycerol in response to extracellular hyperosmotic stresses. In our study, the Calvin cycle enzyme sedoheptulose 1,7‐bisphosphatase from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (CrSBPase) was transformed into Dunaliella bardawil, and the transformant CrSBP showed improved photosynthetic performance along with increased total organic carbon content and the osmoticum glycerol production. The results demonstrate that the potential of photosynthetic microalgae as CO2 removers could be enhanced through modifying the photosynthetic carbon reduction cycle, with glycerol as the carbon sink.
Fluid pressure, stress field and propagation style of coalescing thrusts from the analysis of the 20 May 2012 ML 5.9 Emilia earthquake (Northern Apennines, Italy)
Authors: Ventura Guido , Di Giovambattista Rita 
Published: September 2012

Terra Nova, 25, 72–78, 2013AbstractTwo major earthquakes of ML 5.9 and 5.8 and hundreds of aftershocks affected the Emilia region (Po Plain, Italy) between 20 May and June 2012. The events concentrate in the uppermost 10 km of the crust with few events up to 30 km. Two buried, sub‐parallel N100°E striking thrusts of the Northern Apennines belt are reactivated. These thrusts coalesce at the interface between the metamorphic basement of the belt and the overlying, about 10‐km thick, sedimentary succession. Focal mechanisms indicate a compressive stress field with a sub‐horizontal, roughly N‐S striking σ1. This stress field is consistent with active shortening in Northern Apennines. Suprahydrostatic pore pressure and σ1 ∼ σ2≠σ3 are required to reactivate the thrusts. The involved fluids could be gas and brines hosted in the folded sedimentary successions. The time and spatial evolution of the seismicity indicates a foreland to hinterland propagation of the ruptures and a thin‐skinned deformation of Northern Apennines.
3D displacement maps of the 2009 L’Aquila earthquake (Italy) by applying the SISTEM method to GPS and DInSAR data
Authors: Guglielmino Francesco , Anzidei Marco , Briole Pierre , Elias Panagiotis , Puglisi Giuseppe 
Published: September 2012

Terra Nova, 25, 79–85, 2013AbstractWe present an application of the novel SISTEM approach, to obtain the dense 3D ground deformation pattern produced by the April 6, 2009, Mw 6.3 L’Aquila earthquake. This event, characterized by a SW‐dipping normal fault with thousands of foreshocks and aftershocks located in the depth range 5–15 km, is the most destructive to have struck the Abruzzo region since the major 1703 seismic sequence. The surface deformation, revealed by the SISTEM through the integration of GPS with interferometric measurements from the ENVISAT and ALOS satellites, shows a deformed area extending towards SE along the Aterno valley, in agreement with seismological and other geodetic observations. We inverted the SISTEM results using an optimization algorithm based on the genetic algorithm, providing an accurate spatial characterization of ground deformation. Our results improve previous kinematic solutions for the Paganica fault and allow identification of additional faults that have contributed to the observed complex ground deformation pattern.
Infectious complications following allogeneic stem cell transplantation: reduced‐intensity vs. myeloablative conditioning regimens
Authors: Kim S.‐H. , Kee S.Y. , Lee D.‐G. , Choi S.‐M. , Park S.H. , Kwon J.‐C. , Eom K.‐S. , Kim Y.‐J. , Kim H.‐J. , Lee S. , Min C.‐K. , Kim D.‐W. , Choi J.‐H. , Yoo J.‐H. , Lee J.‐W. , Min W.‐S. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundIn allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo‐SCT), reduced‐intensity conditioning (RIC) is known for producing less regimen‐related toxicity. However, whether or not RIC reduces the risk for infection and infection‐related mortality (IRM) remains controversial.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed infectious episodes and IRMs after allo‐SCTs by time period and by the intensity of the conditioning regimen (RIC [n = 81] vs. myeloablative conditioning, MAC [n = 150]).ResultsThe cumulative incidence of any kind of infection was lower in the RIC group through the entire period (72% vs. 87%; P = 0.007). The onset of infections was deferred in the RIC group as compared with the MAC group (P = 0.012). Bacteremia occurred less frequently in the RIC group through the entire period (5% vs. 14%; P = 0.044). However, the incidences of cytomegalovirus reactivation and disease, herpes zoster, virus‐associated hemorrhagic cystitis, and invasive fungal infection were not different between the two groups. Furthermore, there was no difference in relapse‐free survival and IRM between the two conditioning regimens.ConclusionCareful monitoring and appropriate preventive/therapeutic strategies for infectious complications, comparable to those for allo‐SCT recipients with MAC, should also be applied to those with RIC, especially after engraftment.
Bordetella holmesii bacteremia in a renal transplant recipient: emergence of a new pathogen
Authors: Chambaraud T. , Dickson Z. , Ensergueix G. , Barraud O. , Essig M. , Lacour C. , Allard J. , Bocquentin F. , Aldigier J.C. , Rerolle J.P. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBordetella holmesii is a gram‐negative rod that was initially identified in 1995. It causes bacteremia, pneumonia, and endocarditis mostly in patients with anatomical or functional asplenia. We report here, to the best of our knowledge, the first case of B. holmesii bacteremia in a renal transplant recipient following rituximab therapy for recurrence of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis.
Dosimetric perturbations due to an implanted cardiac pacemaker in MammoSite® treatment
Authors: Sung Wonmo , Kim Siyong , Kim Jung‐in , Lee Jae‐gi , Shin Young‐Joo , Jung Jae‐Yong , Ye Sung‐Joon 
Published: September 2012

Purpose:To investigate dose perturbations for pacemaker‐implanted patients in partial breast irradiation using high dose rate (HDR) balloon brachytherapy.Methods:Monte Carlo (MC) simulations were performed to calculate dose distributions involving a pacemaker in Ir‐192 HDR balloon brachytherapy. Dose perturbations by varying balloon‐to‐pacemaker distances (BPD = 50 or 100 mm) and concentrations of iodine contrast medium (2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5%, and 10.0% by volume) in the balloon were investigated for separate parts of the pacemaker (i.e., battery and substrate). Relative measurements using an ion‐chamber were also performed to confirm MC results.Results:The MC and measured results in homogeneous media without a pacemaker agreed with published data within 2% from the balloon surface to 100 mm BPD. Further their dose distributions with a pacemaker were in a comparable agreement. The MC results showed that doses over the battery were increased by a factor of 3, compared to doses without a pacemaker. However, there was no significant dose perturbation in the middle of substrate but up to 70% dose increase in the substrate interface with the titanium capsule. The attenuation by iodine contrast medium lessened doses delivered to the pacemaker by up to 9%.Conclusions:Due to inhomogeneity of pacemaker and contrast medium as well as low‐energy photons in Ir‐192 HDR balloon brachytherapy, the actual dose received in a pacemaker is different from the homogeneous medium‐based dose and the external beam‐based dose. Therefore, the dose perturbations should be considered for pacemaker‐implanted patients when evaluating a safe clinical distance between the balloon and pacemaker.
BIASED MANIFOLD LEARNING FOR VIEW INVARIANT BODY POSE ESTIMATION
Authors: HUR DONGCHEOL , SUK HEUNG-IL , WALLRAVEN CHRISTIAN , LEE SEONG-WHAN 
Published: September 2012

In human body pose estimation, manifold learning has been considered as a useful method with regard to reducing the dimension of 2D images and 3D body configuration data. Most commonly, body pose is estimated from silhouettes derived from images or image sequences. A major problem in applying manifold estimation to pose estimation is its vulnerability to silhouette variation caused by changes of factors such as viewpoint, person, and distance. In this paper, we propose a novel approach that combines three separate manifolds for viewpoint, pose, and 3D body configuration focusing on the problem of viewpoint-induced silhouette variation. The biased manifold learning is used to learn these manifolds with appropriately weighted distances. The proposed method requires four mapping functions that are learned by a generalized regression neural network for robustness. Despite the use of only three manifolds, experimental results show that the proposed method can reliably estimate 3D body poses from 2D images with all learned viewpoints.
Quantifying the Likelihood of Regional Climate Change: A Hybridized Approach
Authors: Schlosser C. Adam , Gao Xiang , Strzepek Kenneth , Sokolov Andrei , Forest Chris E. , Awadalla Sirein , Farmer William 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
The growing need for risk-based assessments of impacts and adaptation to climate change calls for increased capability in climate projections: specifically, the quantification of the likelihood of regional outcomes and the representation of their uncertainty. Herein, the authors present a technique that extends the latitudinal projections of the 2D atmospheric model of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Integrated Global System Model (IGSM) by applying longitudinally resolved patterns from observations, and from climate model projections archived from exercises carried out for the Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The method maps the IGSM zonal means across longitude using a set of transformation coefficients, and this approach is demonstrated in application to near-surface air temperature and precipitation, for which high-quality observational datasets and model simulations of climate change are available. The current climatology of the transformation coefficients is observationally based. To estimate how these coefficients may alter with climate, the authors characterize the climate models’ spatial responses, relative to their zonal mean, from transient increases in trace-gas concentrations and then normalize these responses against their corresponding transient global temperature responses. This procedure allows for the construction of metaensembles of regional climate outcomes, combining the ensembles of the MIT IGSM—which produce global and latitudinal climate projections, with uncertainty, under different global climate policy scenarios—with regionally resolved patterns from the archived IPCC climate model projections. This hybridization of the climate model longitudinal projections with the global and latitudinal patterns projected by the IGSM can, in principle, be applied to any given state or flux variable that has the sufficient observational and model-based information.
Relationships between Recent Pan-Arctic Snow Cover and Hydroclimate Trends
Authors: Shi Xiaogang , Déry Stephen J. , Groisman Pavel Ya. , Lettenmaier Dennis P. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractUsing the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) land surface model forced with gridded climatic observations, the authors reproduce spatial and temporal variations of snow cover extent (SCE) reported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Northern Hemisphere weekly satellite SCE data. Both observed and modeled North American and Eurasian snow cover in the pan-Arctic have statistically significant negative trends from April through June over the period 1972–2006. To diagnose the causes of the pan-Arctic SCE recession, the authors identify the role of surface energy fluxes generated in VIC and assess the relationships between 15 hydroclimatic indicators and NOAA SCE observations over each snow-covered sensitivity zone (SCSZ) for both North America and Eurasia. The authors find that surface net radiation (SNR) provides the primary energy source and sensible heat (SH) plays a secondary role in observed changes of SCE. As compared with SNR and SH, latent heat has only a minor influence on snow cover changes. In addition, these changes in surface energy fluxes resulting in the pan-Arctic snow cover recession are mainly driven by statistically significant decreases in snow surface albedo and increased air temperatures (surface air temperature, daily maximum temperature, and daily minimum temperature), as well as statistically significant increased atmospheric water vapor pressure. Contributions of other hydroclimate variables that the authors analyzed (downward shortwave radiation, precipitation, diurnal temperature range, wind speed, and cloud cover) are not significant for observed SCE changes in either the North American or Eurasian SCSZs.
The Latitudinal Dependence of Shear and Mixing in the Pacific Transiting the Critical Latitude for PSI
Authors: MacKinnon J. A. , Alford M. H. , Pinkel Rob , Klymak Jody , Zhao Zhongxiang 
Published: September 2012

AbstractTurbulent mixing rates are inferred from measurements spanning 25°–37°N in the Pacific Ocean. The observations were made as part of the Internal Waves Across the Pacific experiment, designed to investigate the long-range fate of the low-mode internal tide propagating north from Hawaii. Previous and companion results argue that, near a critical latitude of 29°N, the internal tide loses energy to high-mode near-inertial motions through parametric subharmonic instability. Here, the authors estimate mixing from several variations of the finescale shear–strain parameterization, as well as Thorpe-scale analysis of overturns. Though all estimated diffusivities are modest in magnitude, average diffusivity in the top kilometer shows a factor of 2–4 elevation near and equatorward of 29°N. However, given intrinsic uncertainty and the strong temporal variability of diffusivity observed in long mooring records, the meridional mixing pattern is found to be near the edge of statistical significance.
Parametric Subharmonic Instability of the Internal Tide at 29°N
Authors: MacKinnon J. A. , Alford M. H. , Sun Oliver , Pinkel Rob , Zhao Zhongxiang , Klymak Jody 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Observational evidence is presented for transfer of energy from the internal tide to near-inertial motions near 29°N in the Pacific Ocean. The transfer is accomplished via parametric subharmonic instability (PSI), which involves interaction between a primary wave (the internal tide in this case) and two smaller-scale waves of nearly half the frequency. The internal tide at this location is a complex superposition of a low-mode waves propagating north from Hawaii and higher-mode waves generated at local seamounts, making application of PSI theory challenging. Nevertheless, a statistically significant phase locking is documented between the internal tide and upward- and downward-propagating near-inertial waves. The phase between those three waves is consistent with that expected from PSI theory. Calculated energy transfer rates from the tide to near-inertial motions are modest, consistent with local dissipation rate estimates. The conclusion is that while PSI does befall the tide near a critical latitude of 29°N, it does not do so catastrophically.
Evaluation of Surface Flux Parameterizations with Long-Term ARM Observations
Authors: Liu Gang , Liu Yangang , Endo Satoshi 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Surface momentum, sensible heat, and latent heat fluxes are critical for atmospheric processes such as clouds and precipitation, and are parameterized in a variety of models ranging from cloud-resolving models to large-scale weather and climate models. However, direct evaluation of the parameterization schemes for these surface fluxes is rare due to limited observations. This study takes advantage of the long-term observations of surface fluxes collected at the Southern Great Plains site by the Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement program to evaluate the six surface flux parameterization schemes commonly used in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model and three U.S. general circulation models (GCMs). The unprecedented 7-yr-long measurements by the eddy correlation (EC) and energy balance Bowen ratio (EBBR) methods permit statistical evaluation of all six parameterizations under a variety of stability conditions, diurnal cycles, and seasonal variations. The statistical analyses show that the momentum flux parameterization agrees best with the EC observations, followed by latent heat flux, sensible heat flux, and evaporation ratio/Bowen ratio. The overall performance of the parameterizations depends on atmospheric stability, being best under neutral stratification and deteriorating toward both more stable and more unstable conditions. Further diagnostic analysis reveals that in addition to the parameterization schemes themselves, the discrepancies between observed and parameterized sensible and latent heat fluxes may stem from inadequate use of input variables such as surface temperature, moisture availability, and roughness length. The results demonstrate the need for improving the land surface models and measurements of surface properties, which would permit the evaluation of full land surface models.