bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Productive Infection of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived NKX2.1+ Respiratory Progenitors With Human Rhinovirus
Authors: Jenny Robert A. , Hirst Claire , Lim Sue Mei , Goulburn Adam L. , Micallef Suzanne J. , Labonne Tanya , Kicic Anthony , Ling Kak-Ming , Stick Stephen M. , Ng Elizabeth S. , Trounson Alan , Giudice Antonietta , Elefanty Andrew G. , Stanley Edouard G. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAirway epithelial cells generated from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) represent a resource for research into a variety of human respiratory conditions, including those resulting from infection with common human pathogens. Using an NKX2.1-GFP reporter human embryonic stem cell line, we developed a serum-free protocol for the generation of NKX2.1+ endoderm that, when transplanted into immunodeficient mice, matured into respiratory cell types identified by expression of CC10, MUC5AC, and surfactant proteins. Gene profiling experiments indicated that day 10 NKX2.1+ endoderm expressed markers indicative of early foregut but lacked genes associated with later stages of respiratory epithelial cell differentiation. Nevertheless, NKX2.1+ endoderm supported the infection and replication of the common respiratory pathogen human rhinovirus HRV1b. Moreover, NKX2.1+ endoderm upregulated expression of IL-6, IL-8, and IL-1B in response to infection, a characteristic of human airway epithelial cells. Our experiments provide proof of principle for the use of PSC-derived respiratory epithelial cells in the study of cell-virus interactions.SignificanceThis report provides proof-of-principle experiments demonstrating, for the first time, that human respiratory progenitor cells derived from stem cells in the laboratory can be productively infected with human rhinovirus, the predominant cause of the common cold.
Ka‐band backscattering from water surface at small incidence: A wind‐wave tank study
Authors: Boisot Olivier , Pioch Sébastien , Fatras Christophe , Caulliez Guillemette , Bringer Alexandra , Borderies Pierre , Lalaurie Jean‐Claude , Guérin Charles‐Antoine 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWe report on an experiment conducted at the large Pytheas wind‐wave facility in Marseille to characterize the Ka‐band radar return from water surfaces when observed at small incidence. Simultaneous measurements of capillary‐gravity to gravity wave height and slopes and Normalized Radar Cross Section (NRCS) were carried out for various wind speeds and scattering angles. From this data set we construct an empirical two‐dimensional wave number spectrum accounting for the surface current to describe water surface motions from decimeter to millimeter scales. Some consistency tests are proposed to validate the surface wave spectrum, which is then incorporated into simple analytical scattering models. The resulting directional NRCS is found in overall good agreement with the experimental values. Comparisons are performed with oceanic models as well as in situ measurements over different types of natural surfaces. The applicability of the present findings to oceanic as well as continental surfaces is discussed.
River‐tide dynamics: Exploration of nonstationary and nonlinear tidal behavior in the Yangtze River estuary
Authors: Guo Leicheng , van der Wegen Mick , Jay David A. , Matte Pascal , Wang Zheng Bing , Roelvink Dano , He Qing 
Published: April 2015

AbstractRiver‐tide dynamics remain poorly understood, in part because conventional harmonic analysis (HA) does not cope effectively with nonstationary signals. To explore nonstationary behavior of river tides and the modulation effects of river discharge, this work analyzes tidal signals in the Yangtze River estuary using both HA in a nonstationary mode and continuous wavelet transforms (CWT). The Yangtze is an excellent natural laboratory to analyze river tides because of its high and variable flow, its length, and the fact that there are do dams or reflecting barriers within the tidal part of the system. Analysis of tidal frequencies by CWT and analysis of subtidal water level and tidal ranges reveal a broad range of subtidal variations over fortnightly, monthly, semiannual, and annual frequencies driven by subtidal variations in friction and by variable river discharges. We employ HA in a nonstationary mode (NSHA) by segregating data within defined flow ranges into separate analyses. NSHA quantifies the decay of the principal tides and the modulation of M4 tide with increasing river discharges. M4 amplitudes decrease far upriver (landward portion of the estuary) and conversely increase close to the ocean as river discharge increases. The fortnightly frequencies reach an amplitude maximum upriver of that for over tide frequencies, due to the longer wavelength of the fortnightly constituents. These methods and findings should be applicable to large tidal rivers globally and have broad implications regarding management of navigation channels and ecosystems in tidal rivers.
First light from a kilometer‐baseline Scintillation Auroral GPS Array
Authors: Datta‐Barua S. , Su Y. , Deshpande K. , Miladinovich D. , Bust G. S. , Hampton D. , Crowley G. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWe introduce and analyze the first data from an array of closely spaced Global Positioning System (GPS) scintillation receivers established in the auroral zone in late 2013 to measure spatial and temporal variations in L band signals at 100–1000 m and subsecond scales. The seven receivers of the Scintillation Auroral GPS Array (SAGA) are sited at Poker Flat Research Range, Alaska. The receivers produce 100 s scintillation indices and 100 Hz carrier phase and raw in‐phase and quadrature‐phase samples. SAGA is the largest existing array with baseline lengths of the ionospheric diffractive Fresnel scale at L band. With an initial array of five receivers, we identify a period of simultaneous amplitude and phase scintillation. We compare SAGA power and phase data with collocated 630.0 nm all‐sky images of an auroral arc and incoherent scatter radar electron precipitation measurements, to illustrate how SAGA can be used in multi‐instrument observations for subkilometer‐scale studies.
Elemental composition of organic aerosol: The gap between ambient and laboratory measurements
Authors: Chen Qi , Heald Colette L. , Jimenez Jose L. , Canagaratna Manjula R. , Zhang Qi , He Ling‐Yan , Huang Xiao‐Feng , Campuzano‐Jost Pedro , Palm Brett B. , Poulain Laurent , Kuwata Mikinori , Martin Scot T. , Abbatt Jonathan P. D. , Lee Alex K.Y. , Liggio John 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA large data set including surface, aircraft, and laboratory observations of the atomic oxygen‐to‐carbon (O:C) and hydrogen‐to‐carbon (H:C) ratios of organic aerosol (OA) is synthesized and corrected using a recently reported method. The whole data set indicates a wide range of OA oxidation and a trajectory in the Van Krevelen diagram, characterized by a slope of −0.6, with variation across campaigns. We show that laboratory OA including both source and aged types explains some of the key differences in OA observed across different environments. However, the laboratory data typically fall below the mean line defined by ambient observations, and little laboratory data extend to the highest O:C ratios commonly observed in remote conditions. OA having both high O:C and high H:C are required to bridge the gaps. Aqueous‐phase oxidation may produce such OA, but experiments under realistic ambient conditions are needed to constrain the relative importance of this pathway.
Impact of the global warming hiatus on Andean temperature
Authors: Vuille Mathias , Franquist Eric , Garreaud René , Lavado Casimiro Waldo Sven , Cáceres Bolivar 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe recent hiatus in global warming is likely to be reflected in Andean temperature, given its close dependence on tropical Pacific sea surface temperature (SST). While recent work in the subtropical Andes has indeed documented a cooling along coastal areas, trends in the tropical Andes show continued warming. Here we analyze spatiotemporal temperature variability along the western side of the Andes with a dense station network updated to 2010 and investigate its linkages to tropical Pacific modes of variability. Results indicate that the warming in tropical latitudes has come to a halt and that the subtropical regions continue to experience cooling. Trends, however, are highly dependent on elevation. While coastal regions experience cooling, higher elevations continue to warm. The coastal cooling is consistent with the observed Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) fingerprint and can be accurately simulated using a simple PDO‐analog model. Much of the PDO imprint is modulated and transmitted through adjustments in coastal SST off western South America. At inland and higher‐elevation locations, however, temperature trends start to diverge from this PDO‐analog model in the late 1980s and have by now emerged above the 1σ model spread. Future warming at higher elevation is likely and will contribute to further vertical stratification of atmospheric temperature trends. In coastal locations, future warming or cooling will depend on the potential future intensification of the South Pacific anticyclone but also on continued temperature dependence on the state of the PDO.
Organocatalytic Asymmetric Vinylogous Michael Addition of 3‐(2‐Oxoindolin‐3‐ylidene)butanoates to Nitroalkenes Catalyzed by a Bifunctional Cinchona‐Based Squaramide
Authors: Zheng Chen , Wang Hai‐Feng , Chen Wei‐Qi , Chen Wen‐Xue , Chen Fen‐Er 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe highly efficient asymmetric vinylogous Michael addition of 3‐(2‐oxoindolin‐3‐ylidene)butanoates to nitroalkenes, catalyzed by a cinchona‐based squaramide, is described. The enantioselectivity (up to 99 % ee) and diastereoselectivity (>20:1 d.r.) of the reaction is excellent.
Untersuchung der Struktur und Dynamik von Wasser an der Wasser‐Luft‐Grenzfläche mittels oberflächenspezifischer Schwingungsspektroskopie
Authors: Bonn Mischa , Nagata Yuki , Backus Ellen H. G. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractDie Grenzfläche von Wasser zu Luft bietet eine Plattform für viele wichtige biologische, chemische und physikalische Prozesse. Die Wasser‐Luft‐Grenzfläche ist die verbreitetste und einfachste Grenzfläche und dient als Modellsystem für Wasser an hydrophoben Oberflächen. Die Aufklärung der mikroskopischen (<1 nm) Struktur und Dynamik von Wasser an der Wasser‐Luft‐Grenzfläche ist zum Verständnis der an der Wasseroberfläche auftretenden Prozesse unerlässlich. Das Netzwerk sehr starker intermolekularer Wechselwirkungen, der Wasserstoffbrücken (H‐Brücken), ist an der Wassergrenzfläche unterbrochen. Ebenso ist dort die Dichte von Wasser verringert. Eine zentrale Frage bezüglich Wasser an Grenzflächen ist, inwieweit Struktur und Dynamik der Wassermoleküle von Unterbrechungen des H‐Brückennetzwerks beeinflusst werden und sich dadurch von Wasser im Volumen unterscheiden. In diesem Aufsatz werden jüngste Fortschritte in der Untersuchung von Wasser an der Wasser‐Luft‐Grenzfläche mittels Laser‐basierter oberflächenspezifischer Schwingungsspektroskopie diskutiert.
Strukturrevision und Aufklärung der Biosynthese von Hypodoratoxid durch ein 13C,13C‐COSY‐NMR‐Experiment
Authors: Barra Lena , Ibrom Kerstin , Dickschat Jeroen S. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractDie Fütterung von (2,3,4,5,6‐13C5)Mevalonolacton an den Pilz Hypomyces odoratus lieferte einen komplett markierten Sesquiterpenether. Die Konnektivität der Kohlenstoffatome wurde aus einem 13C,13C‐COSY‐Spektrum erschlossen und ergab eine Struktur, die sich von der für Hypodoratoxid zuvor berichteten unterschied, obwohl die 13C‐NMR‐spektroskopischen Daten übereinstimmten. Die Strukturrevision für Hypodoratoxid wird präsentiert. Dessen absolute Konfiguration wurde vorläufig aus derjenigen des Cometaboliten cis‐Dihydroagarofuran abgeleitet. Die Biosynthese wurde durch Fütterung von (3‐13C)‐ und (4,6‐13C2)Mevalonolacton untersucht, die Einblicke in komplexe Gerüstumlagerungen während der Terpencyclisierung durch 13C,13C‐Kopplungen gaben.
Frontispiz: Palladium versus Platin – das Metall im Katalysezentrum eines molekularen Photokatalysators bestimmt den Mechanismus der Wasserstoffproduktion mit sichtbarem Licht
Authors: Pfeffer Michael G. , Schäfer Bernhard , Smolentsev Grigory , Uhlig Jens , Nazarenko Elena , Guthmuller Julien , Kuhnt Christian , Wächtler Maria , Dietzek Benjamin , Sundström Villy , Rau Sven 
Published: April 2015

Photokatalytische H2‐ProduktionIn der Zuschrift auf S. 5132 ff. untersuchen S. Rau et al. den Mechanismus der photokatalytischen Wasserstoffproduktion in Ru‐Pd‐ und Ru‐Pt‐Systemen. Während Pd als initialen Schritt metallische Kolloide bildet, zeigt Pt keine Veränderung der Koordinationssphäre.
Real‐Time Results for High Order Neural Identification and Block Control Transformation Form Using High Order Sliding Modes
Authors: Rodríguez Sergio Alvarez , Castañeda Hdez Carlos E. , Morfin G. Onofre A. , Jurado Francisco , Prado P. Esquivel 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn this paper, real‐time results for a novel continuous‐time adaptive tracking controller algorithm for nonlinear multiple input multiple output systems are presented. The control algorithm includes the combination of a recurrent high order neural network with block control transformation using a high order sliding modes technique as control law. A neural network is used to identify the dynamic plant behavior where a filtered error algorithm is used to train the neural identifier. A decentralized high order sliding mode, named the twisting algorithm, is used to design chattering‐reduced independent controllers to solve the trajectory tracking problem for a robot arm with three degrees of freedom. Stability analyses are given via a Lyapunov approach.
Synthesis of fluorescent and low cytotoxicity phenol formaldehyde resin (PFR)@Ag composites for cell imaging and antibacterial activity
Authors: Yang Ping , Dong Hao , Xia Jun , Xu Andong , Shi Jianjun , He Jie , Ding Jianzhong , Li Dewei 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAg nanoparticles (NPs) were loaded onto the surface of phenol formaldehyde resin (PFR) NPs without any reducing agent. The as‐synthesized PFR@Ag composites have low cytotoxicity, which makes them promising antibacterial agents. Furthermore, the good fluorescence of PFR could be used for cell imaging. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Utility of gold nanoparticles in luminescence determination of trovafloxacin: comparison of chemiluminescence and fluorescence detection
Authors: Alarfaj Nawal A. , El‐Tohamy Maha F. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractTwo novel sensitive sequential injection chemiluminescence analysis and fluorescence methods for trovafloxacin mesylate detection have been developed. The methods were based on the enhancement effect of gold nanoparticles on luminol–ferricyanide–trovafloxacin and europium(III)–trovafloxacin complex systems. The optimum conditions for both detection methods were investigated. The chemiluminescence signal was emitted due to the enhanced effect of gold nanoparticles on the reaction of luminol–ferricyanide–trovafloxacin in an alkaline medium. The response was linear over a concentration range of 1.0 × 10–9 to 1.0 × 10–2 mol/L (%RSD = 1.3), (n = 9, r = 0.9991) with a detection limit of 1.7 × 10–10 mol/L (S/N = 3). The weak fluorescence intensity signal of the oxidation complex of europium(III)–trovafloxacin was strongly enhanced by gold nanoparticles and detected at λex = 330 and λem = 540 nm. Fluorescence detection enabled the determination of trovafloxacin mesylate over a linear range of 1.0 × 10–8 to 1.0 × 10–3 mol/L (%RSD = 1.2), (n = 6, r = 0.9993) with a detection limit of 3.3 × 10–9 mol/L. The proposed methods were successfully applied to the determination of the studied drug in its bulk form and in pharmaceutical preparations. The results were treated statistically and compared with those obtained from other reported methods. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A ratiometric fluorescence sensor for Fe3+ based on FRET and PET processes
Authors: Hu Yongjun , Wang Jiaoliang , Long Liping , Xiao Xiaoming 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA rhodamine/coumarin‐based ratiometric fluorescent Fe3+ sensor has been designed and synthesized. The sensor exhibits a good response to Fe3+ ions with high sensitivity, selectivity and a large shift in the emission spectra (>100 nm), which shows Fe3+‐induced FRET OFF–ON and PET ON–OFF behavior. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of molecularly imprinted polypyrrole as an adsorbent for solid‐phase extraction of warfarin from human plasma and urine
Authors: Peyrovi Moazameh , Hadjmohammadi Mohammadreza 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe aim of this work was to develop a method for the clean‐up and preconcentration of warfarin from biological sample employing a new molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) as a selective adsorbent for solid‐phase extraction (SPE). This MIP was synthesized using warfarin as a template, pyrrole as a functional monomer and vinyl triethoxysilane as a cross‐linker. The molar ratio of 1:4:20 (template–functional monomer–cross‐linker) showed the best results. Nonimprinted polymers (NIPs) were prepared and treated with the same method, but in the absence of warfarin. The prepared polymer was characterized by Fourier transmission infrared spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy. An adsorption process (SPE) for the removal of warfarin using the fabricated MIPs and NIPs was evaluated under various conditions. Effective parameters on warfarin extraction, for example, type and volume of elution solvent, pH of sample solution, breakthrough volume and maximum loading capacity, were studied. The limits of detection were in the range of 0.0035–0.0050 µg mL−1. Linearity of the method was determined in the range of 0.0165–10.0000 µg mL−1 for plasma and 0.0115–10.0000 µg mL−1 for urine with coefficients of determination (R2) ranging from 0.9975 to 0.9985. The recoveries for plasma and urine samples were >95%. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experimental and theoretical study of multicomponent batch distillation
Authors: Binous Housam , Al‐Harthi Mamdouh A. , Bellagi Ahmed 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTWe present in this pedagogical paper several important aspects of multi‐component batch distillation. These later include: (1) Experimental implementation and results of a simple multi‐component batch distillation; (2) Theoretical prediction of temperature and composition evolution with time; and (3) Liquid‐vapor equilibrium calculations of ternary mixtures, including residue curves computations. Such study material can be easily introduced in undergraduate chemical engineering laboratory including the senior‐level laboratory, called CHE 409 at King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM). The selected multi‐component mixture is composed of chloroform, acetone, and methanol. This mixture is particularly interesting because it has several distillation boundaries and up to four azeotropes. During the simple batch distillation experiment, temperature of the vapor phase is measured and both the initial and final compositions are determined using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). These experimental results are then compared to the theoretical calculations based on two approaches: (i) mass and energy balance approach (i.e, MESH equations) and (ii) residue curve. The authors share at the final section of the paper their experience teaching the senior‐level chemical engineering laboratory at KFUPM. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 23:813–823, 2015; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21652
Analysis and Mitigation of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Artefacts in Four‐Electrode Cells: Experimental Aspects
Authors: Stojadinović Jelena , Fan Mu , Battistel Alberto , La Mantia Fabio 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe analysis and minimization of the electrochemical spectroscopy impedance artefacts measured in a four‐electrode cell were addressed by using bypass modification of reference and sensing electrodes and capacitor bridges. Additionally, the influence of the resistance of the reference and sensing electrodes on the measured spectra was studied. Two types of four‐electrode cells, non‐zero gap and zero gap, were used for electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements in potassium phosphate buffer solution. Different impedance values of the reference and sensing Pb/PbF2 electrodes were achieved by varying the concentration of fluoride salt in the solution used to fill the electrodes. The artefacts occurring during the measurements were successfully minimized by improving the conductance of the reference and sensing electrodes at high frequencies through a bypass. Contrary to that previously observed for a three‐electrode setup, the use of capacitor bridges amplified the measured artefacts.
Electrochemical Oxidation of Small Organic Molecules on Au Nanoparticles with Preferential Surface Orientation
Authors: Monzó Javier , Malewski Yvonne , Vidal‐Iglesias Francisco J. , Solla‐Gullon Jose , Rodriguez Paramaconi 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe surface orientation effect on the oxidation of small organic molecules such as methanol, formaldehyde, ethanol, and glycerol has been studied on Au nanoparticles in alkaline medium. Two sets of Au nanoparticles enriched in (100) and (111) facets were synthetized by using colloidal methods in presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. The nanoparticles were physically characterized by using TEM and XRD and electrochemically characterized by using Pb underpotential deposition as a surface‐structure probe. It is reported that, although methanol oxidation was similar in both types of nanoparticles, the oxidation of formaldehyde presented a clear surface orientation effect. For this reaction, nanoparticles with (111) preferential orientation presented higher current densities at low potentials, whereas Au(100) nanoparticles exhibited higher activity at potentials more positive than 1.0 V versus RHE. On the other hand, for glycerol and ethanol oxidations, the onset of the reaction was similar in both types of particles, although Au(111) nanoparticles showed higher current densities than the Au(100) ones.
Analysis and Mitigation of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Artefacts in Four‐Electrode Cells: Model and Simulations
Authors: Fan Mu , Stojadinović Jelena , Battistel Alberto , La Mantia Fabio 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe capacitive and inductive artefacts in electrochemical impedance measurements with three‐electrode cells have been understood by including the physical‐treatment stray capacitances between electrodes. In our work, the same methodology was implemented and a general equivalent circuit for four‐electrode cells was built. Mathematical analysis of the impedance artefacts related to the stray capacitances, cell geometry, and reference (sensing) electrodes are presented. In agreement with previous experimental results, the use of a capacitor bridge and bypass‐modified reference (sensing) electrodes could be simulated to identify the parameters that are capable of minimizing the distortions of the impedance spectra. It was found that, in the four‐electrode configuration, the zero‐gap cell combined with bypass‐modified reference and sensing electrodes had the optimal minimization of the artefacts.
NHC‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Synthesis of Functionalized Succinimides from Enals and α‐Ketoamides
Authors: Wang Lei , Ni Qijian , Blümel Marcus , Shu Tao , Raabe Gerhard , Enders Dieter 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe efficient asymmetric synthesis of highly substituted succinimides from α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes and α‐ketoamides via NHC‐catalyzed [3+2] cycloaddition has been developed. The new scalable protocol significantly expands the utility of NHC catalysis for the synthesis of heterocycles and provides easy access to assemble a wide range of succinimides from simple starting materials.