bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medium‐Term Effects of Septal and Apical Pacing in Pacemaker‐Dependent Patients: A Double‐Blind Prospective Randomized Study
Authors: MOLINA LUIS , SUTTON RICHARD , GANDOY WILLIAM , REYES NICOLÁS , LARA SUSANO , LIMÓN FROYLÁN , GÓMEZ SUSANA , ORIHUELA CONSUELO , SALAME LATIFE , MORENO GABRIELA 
Published: September 2013

BackgroundPacing the right ventricle is established practice, but there remains controversy as to the optimal site to preserve hemodynamic function.AimsTo evaluate clinical and hemodynamic differences between apical and septal pacing in pacemaker‐dependent patients.MethodsPatients receiving their first pacemaker for advanced atrioventricular block, with the atria in sinus rhythm, were randomized to receive apical (Group A) or septal (Group S) ventricular leads. After implant, with the device programmed VVI 70 beats/min fixed rate, patients underwent a 6‐minute walk test and a transthoracic echocardiogram. Then, DDDR was programmed at nominal settings. The same tests were performed at 6 months and 12 months follow‐up. If ventricular pacing was less than 98%, the patient was excluded.ResultsA total of 142 patients were included in the study. During the study year, 71 (50%) were excluded for not fulfilling the condition of 98% ventricular pacing. Groups A and S had 34 and 37 patients, respectively. Age and gender were similar in the groups. At implant, QRS duration was significantly greater in Group A (158 ms) than Group S (146 ms; P = 0.018), and the QRS axis was different: –74.5° in Group A and 1° in Group S (P < 0.001). At 1 year, the 6‐minute walk improved significantly in both groups: Group A 15% (P = 0.048) and Group S 24% (P = 0.001). Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) increased from 0.57 to 0.61 (P = 0.008) in Group S, without significant change in Group A.ConclusionsAfter 1 year, pacemaker‐dependent patients with septal ventricular leads have better clinical and functional (LVEF) outcome.
Impacts of light and temperature on shoot branching gradient and expression of strigolactone synthesis and signalling genes in rose
Authors: DJENNANE SAMIA , HIBRAND‐SAINT OYANT LAURENCE , KAWAMURA KOJI , LALANNE DAVID , LAFFAIRE MICHEL , THOUROUDE TATIANA , CHALAIN SÉVERINE , SAKR SOULAIMAN , BOUMAZA RACHID , FOUCHER FABRICE , LEDUC NATHALIE 
Published: September 2013

AbstractLight and temperature are two environmental factors that deeply affect bud outgrowth. However, little is known about their impact on the bud burst gradient along a stem and their interactions with the molecular mechanisms of bud burst control. We investigated this question in two acrotonic rose cultivars. We demonstrated that the darkening of distal buds or exposure to cold (5 °C) prior to transfer to mild temperatures (20 °C) both repress acrotony, allowing the burst of quiescent medial and proximal buds. We sequenced the strigolactone pathway MAX‐homologous genes in rose and studied their expression in buds and internodes along the stem. Only expressions of RwMAX1, RwMAX2 and RwMAX4 were detected. Darkening of the distal part of the shoot triggered a strong increase of RwMAX2 expression in darkened buds and bark‐phloem samples, whereas it suppressed the acropetal gradient of the expression of RwMAX1 observed in stems fully exposed to light. Cold treatment induced an acropetal gradient of expression of RwMAX1 in internodes and of RwMAX2 in buds along the stem. Our results suggest that the bud burst gradient along the stem cannot be explained by a gradient of expression of RwMAX genes but rather by their local level of expression at each individual position.
Lack of photosynthetic or stomatal regulation after 9 years of elevated [CO2] and 4 years of soil warming in two conifer species at the alpine treeline
Authors: STREIT KATHRIN , SIEGWOLF ROLF T. W. , HAGEDORN FRANK , SCHAUB MARCUS , BUCHMANN NINA 
Published: September 2013

AbstractAlpine treelines are temperature‐limited vegetation boundaries. Understanding the effects of elevated [CO2] and warming on CO2 and H2O gas exchange may help predict responses of treelines to global change. We measured needle gas exchange of Larix decidua Mill. and Pinus mugo ssp. uncinata DC trees after 9 years of free air CO2 enrichment (575 µmol mol−1) and 4 years of soil warming (+4 °C) and analysed δ13C and δ18O values of needles and tree rings. Tree needles under elevated [CO2] showed neither nitrogen limitation nor end‐product inhibition, and no down‐regulation of maximal photosynthetic rate (Amax) was found. Both tree species showed increased net photosynthetic rates (An) under elevated [CO2] (L. decidua: +39%; P. mugo: +35%). Stomatal conductance (gH2O) was insensitive to changes in [CO2], thus transpiration rates remained unchanged and intrinsic water‐use efficiency (iWUE) increased due to higher An. Soil warming affected neither An nor gH2O. Unresponsiveness of gH2O to [CO2] and warming was confirmed by δ18O needle and tree ring values. Consequently, under sufficient water supply, elevated [CO2] induced sustained enhancement in An and lead to increased C inputs into this ecosystem, while soil warming hardly affected gas exchange of L. decidua and P. mugo at the alpine treeline.
Predicting treatment‐seeking for visual hallucinations among Parkinson's disease patients
Authors: Rana Abdul Qayyum , Siddiqui Ishraq , Zangeneh Masood , Fattah Abdul , Awan Naeem , Yousuf Muhammad Saad 
Published: September 2013

AimWhile much research has been conducted towards understanding the basis of visual hallucinations in Parkinson's disease, little has focused on characterizing the content and patients' emotional experience. These factors are likely very influential on a patient's decision to seek treatment, a critical aspect of any symptom from the clinical perspective.MethodsA retrospective chart analysis was performed on Parkinson's disease patients seen in a community‐based Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorder Clinic between 2005 and 2010.ResultsThe study consisted of 334 patients with Parkinson's disease, among whom 10.5% had visual hallucinations. Hoehn and Yahr disease stage (P = 0.001), concurrent presence of dementia (P = 0.001),and sex (P = 0.031) were significant onset predictors. The most significant determinant of treatment‐seeking was emotional reaction, namely whether hallucinations were bothersome (P = 0.008). However, the specific type of content during hallucinations was sometimes more influential and contradicted emotional response.ConclusionAlthough treatment‐seeking can be predicted by how individuals feel about hallucinations, a patient's decision may not be logically consistent. We suggest that clinicians offer treatment based on patients' recollections and opinions.
Prevalence of and risk factors for early postoperative arrhythmia in children after cardiac surgery
Authors: Alp Hayrullah , Narin Cüneyt , Baysal Tamer , Sarıgül Ali 
Published: September 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe aims of this study were to (i) evaluate postoperative arrhythmias following congenital heart surgery, on 12‐lead electrocardiography and Holter monitoring; and (ii) analyze the association between the type of repair and postoperative arrhythmia.MethodsA total of 229 children and 10 neonates with a mean age of 4.71 ± 0.41 years (range, 15 days–17 years) who underwent congenital cardiac surgery were included the study. Twelve‐lead electrocardiography and Holter monitoring were used to evaluate arrhythmias after the operation.ResultsWithin the evaluation period, 104 patients (43.5%) developed arrhythmias after surgery. No arrhythmias were observed in neonates. Female sex (51.9%) was slightly associated with the occurrence of arrhythmias after operation. The most common arrhythmia was supraventricular extra‐systoles (65.4%). Risk factors for supraventricular extra‐systoles were repair of secundum atrial septal defect (32.3%), ventricular septal defect (25%) and tetralogy of Fallot (14.7%). Also, ventricular extra‐systoles were associated with repair of ventricular septal defect.ConclusionsPostoperative arrhythmia is usually a frequent and transient phenomenon after congenital cardiac surgery, and is provoked by both mechanical irritation of the conduction system and humoral factors. Postoperative arrhythmia should be anticipated in patients with congenital cardiac surgery. Finally, the association between this type of surgical repair and arrhythmia may be helpful for estimating the type of arrhythmia that develops after congenital cardiac surgery in children.
Impact of seasonal flux on 25‐hydroxyvitamin D and bone turnover in pre‐ and early pubertal youth
Authors: Rajakumar Kumaravel , Holick Michael F , Moore Charity G , Cohen Elan , Olabopo Flora , Haralam Mary Ann , Bogusz Jaimee , Nucci Anita , Greenspan Susan L 
Published: September 2013

AbstractBackgroundSeasonal fluxes in 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) in children can affect bone turnover, and in turn potentially affect bone accrual and peak bone mass. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of seasonal flux on the association among 25(OH)D, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and markers of bone turnover in pre‐ and early pubertal black children and white children.MethodsData were collected during summer (June–September) and winter (December–March) in 6–12‐year‐old children. Measurements included serum 25(OH)D, PTH, osteocalcin (OC), collagen type 1 cross‐linked C‐telopeptide (CTx), dietary intake of vitamin D and calcium, skin color, sunlight exposure, and body mass index (BMI).ResultsA total of 138 children (mean age, 9.1 ± 1.7 years; black, n = 94; male, n = 81) were studied. 25(OH)D was higher (41.2 ± 13 vs 34.5 ± 11.1 ng/mL; P < 0.001) and CTx was lower (0.8 ± 0.3 vs 0.9 ± 0.5 ng/mL; P < 0.001) in all participants during summer when compared to winter. Furthermore, seasonal differences in CTx were more pronounced in black children (summer, 0.7 ± 0.3 vs winter, 1.0 ± 0.5 ng/mL; P < 0.001). PTH was a significant predictor of serum CTx and OC after adjusting for race, season, Tanner stage, dietary calcium, skin color and BMI.Conclusion25(OH)D declined significantly in both black children and white children during winter. CTx significantly increased during winter in black children compared to white children, suggesting increased rates of resorption in black children during winter. Benefits of enhancement of wintertime vitamin D status on bone health need further exploration.
Surgical treatment of primary liver tumors in children: Outcomes analysis of resection and transplantation in the SEER database
Authors: McAteer Jarod P. , Goldin Adam B. , Healey Patrick J. , Gow Kenneth W. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractAdjusted survival outcomes following hepatic resection and transplantation for pediatric liver tumors have not been compared. To address this question, we conducted a retrospective cohort study using the SEER registry. While SEER lacks certain specifics regarding staging, chemotherapy, comorbidities, and recurrence, important hypothesis‐generating data are available and were analyzed using Kaplan–Meier statistics and Cox proportional hazards regression. All SEER patients under the age of 20 yr undergoing surgery for HB (n = 318) or HCC (n = 80) between 1998 and 2009 were included. Of HB patients, 83.3% underwent resection and 16.7% transplantation. Advanced disease, vascular invasion, and satellite lesions were more common among transplant patients. Unadjusted five‐yr survival was equivalent, as was the adjusted hazard of death for transplant relative to resection (HR = 0.58, p = 0.63). Of HCC patients, 75.0% underwent resection and 25.0% transplantation. Transplant patients had a higher prevalence of vascular invasion and satellite lesions. Five‐yr survival was 53.4% after resection and 85.3% after transplant, and the adjusted hazard of death was significantly lower after transplantation (HR = 0.05, p = 0.045). While transplantation is generally reserved for unresectable tumors, the favorable survival seen in HCC patients suggests that liberalized transplant criteria might improve survival, although further prospective data are needed.
Successful treatment of a classic Hodgkin lymphoma‐type post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder with tailored chemotherapy and Epstein–Barr virus‐specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in a pediatric heart transplant recipient
Authors: Basso Sabrina , Zecca Marco , Calafiore Lucia , Rubert Laura , Fiocchi Roberto , Paulli Marco , Quartuccio Giuseppe , Guido Ilaria , Sebastiani Roberta , Croci Giorgio Alberto , Beschi Claudia , Nardiello Ida , Ginevri Fabrizio , Cugno Chiara , Comoli Patrizia 
Published: September 2013

AbstractCHL type is the least common major form of EBV‐related PTLD but rarely occurs in pediatric recipients; development of CHL subsequent to other PTLD subtypes in the same transplant recipient is even more unusual. Because of its rarity, indications on the best treatment strategy are limited. Patients have been mostly treated with standard HL chemotherapy/radiotherapy, and prognosis seems more favorable than other monomorphic PTLDs. Herein, we describe a pediatric case of EBV‐associated, stage IV‐B, CHL arising in a heart allograft recipient eight yr after diagnosis of B‐cell polymorphic PTLD. The patient was successfully treated with adjusted‐dose HL chemotherapy and autologous EBV‐specific CTL, without discontinuation of maintenance immunosuppression. At two yr from therapy completion, the patient is in CR with stable organ function. With this strategy, it may be possible to reproduce the good prognostic data reported for CHL‐type PTLD, with decreased risk of organ toxicity or rejection.
Aliphatic β‐Nitroalcohols for Therapeutic Corneoscleral Cross‐Linking: Chemical Stability Studies Using 1H‐NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Li Xia , Li Yongjun , Kim MiJung , Trokel Stephen L. , Turro Nicholas J. , Paik David C. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractRecent studies suggest that aliphatic β‐nitro alcohols may represent a useful class of compounds for use as in vivo therapeutic corneoscleral cross‐linking agents with higher order nitroalcohols (HONAs) showing enhanced efficacy over the mono‐nitroalcohols. The current study was undertaken in order to evaluate the chemical stability of these compounds during storage conditions. Two mono‐nitroalcohols (2‐nitroethanol=2ne and 2‐nitro‐1‐propanol=2nprop) and two HONAs, a nitrodiol (2‐methyl‐2‐nitro‐1,3‐propanediol=MNPD), and a nitrotriol (2‐hydroxymethyl‐2‐nitro‐1,3‐propanediol=HNPD) were monitored for chemical stability by 1H‐NMR for up to 7 months. Each compound was studied at two concentrations (1% and 10%) either in unbuffered H2O or 0.2 m NaH2PO4/Na2HPO4 (pH=5), and at 0°C and room temperature (RT) for a total of eight conditions for each compound. The 1H‐NMR spectra for the starting material were compared to subsequent spectra. Under all four of the conditions studied, both the nitrodiol (MNPD) and nitrotriol (HNPD) were stable for the duration of 7 months. 2nprop became unstable under all conditions at 3 months. 2ne was the most unstable of all the compounds tested. HONAs exhibit excellent chemical stability under long‐term storage conditions. In contrast, the nitromonols tested are significantly less stable. These findings are relevant to the translation of this technology into clinical use.
A quantitative assessment of the effects of formal sun protection education on photosensitive patients
Authors: Huang Chunyun , Yan Shuxian , Ren Jie , Xiang Leihong , Hu Yue , Kang Kefei , Seite Sophie 
Published: September 2013

SummaryPurposeTo quantitatively assess the effect of formal sun protection education on sun exposure habits and quality of life in photosensitive patients.MethodsPatients with chronic actinic dermatitis (CAD) or polymorphous light eruption (PLE) were randomized to either the intervention or the control group. General advice about sun protection and broad‐spectrum sunscreen were provided to all participants. The intervention group was given two additional intensive sun protection instruction classes at the beginning of spring and then in summer. At baseline and 12 months, each participant completed interviews that included a questionnaire about sun protection behaviors and a modified Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) questionnaire.ResultsIn the intervention group, after the first intensive sun protection instruction, all aspects of sun exposure habits were significantly improved from baseline (P < 0.01). At study's end, there had been no significant change in sun exposure habits in the control group compared with baseline, whereas sun exposure habits in the intervention group significantly improved (P < 0.01). After two intensive sun protection training sessions, the modified DLQI significantly decreased in the intervention group compared with baseline (P < 0.001), while no change was observed in the control group.ConclusionFormal sun protection education improved sun exposure and protection behaviors as well as quality of life in photosensitive patients.
Implementation of aquaculture parks in Federal Government waters in Brazil
Authors: Bueno Guilherme W. , Ostrensky Antônio , Canzi Carla , de Matos Flávia T. , Roubach Rodrigo 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe Brazilian Government has been promoting studies on the zoning and demarcation of aquaculture parks dedicated to the production of fish in net‐cages in the large public reservoirs of the country. The methodology employed for the zoning of these aquaculture parks consists of the execution in three consecutive stages of multidisciplinary evaluations for their social, environmental and economical characterization (global, regional and local). The purpose of the studies involves the generation of thematic maps and scenarios of environmental models that facilitate the process of understanding the regional peculiarities and taking the decisions to identify the most appropriate areas for the installation of the aquaculture parks. The application of this instrument for zoning the reservoirs will assist a more effective planning of investments and efforts, both by the government and by private initiative, in the aquaculture activity. With the implantation of aquaculture parks along the lines of an ecosystemic aquaculture, Brazil has the potential to become one of the largest producers of fish in net‐cages in the world.
Ideology and the Study of Religion: Marx, Althusser, and Foucault
Authors: Martin Craig 
Published: September 2013

AbstractKarl Marx famously argued that ideology advances the interests of the ruling class. As a means of challenging the mystification of social relations, he initiated a project of ideology critique, a project that remains important to this day. This article explores three branches of ideology critique, focusing on the legacies of Marx, Althusser, and Foucault.
Orchestrating sustainability: The case of European Union biofuel governance
Authors: Schleifer Philip 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThis article provides an empirical analysis of orchestration – that is, the initiation, support, and embracement of private governance arrangements through public regulators – in the field of European Union biofuel governance. It examines the emerging sustainability regime and shows that orchestration has been extensively practiced. Regulators in the European Union have used a range of directive and facilitative measures to initiate and support private biofuel certification schemes and to incorporate them in their regulatory frameworks. This has given rise to a hybrid regime in which public and private approaches are closely intertwined. Discussing the benefits and complications of engaging with private biofuel sustainability governance, the article's findings point to a partial failure of orchestration in this policy area.
Tensed Supervenience: A No‐Go for Presentism
Authors: Baron Sam 
Published: September 2013

AbstractRecent attempts to resolve the truthmaker objection to presentism employ a fundamentally tensed account of the relationship between truth and being. On this view, the truth of a proposition concerning the past supervenes on how thingsare, in the present, along with how thingswere, in the past. This tensed approach to truthmaking arises in response to pressure placed on presentists to abandon the standard response to the truthmaker objection, whereby one invokes presently existing entities as the supervenience base for the truth of past‐directed propositions. In this paper, I argue that a fundamentally tensed approach to truthmaking is implausible because it requires the existence of cross‐temporal supervenience relations, which are anathema to presentism.
On Explaining Why Time Seems to Pass
Authors: Deng Natalja 
Published: September 2013

AbstractUsually, the B‐theory of time is taken to involve the claim that time does not, in reality, pass; after all, on the B‐theory, nothing really becomes present and then more and more past, times do not come into existence successively, and which facts obtain does not change. For this reason, many B‐theorists have recently tried to explain away one or more aspect(s) of experience that they and their opponents take to constitute an experience of time as passing. In this paper, I examine three prominent proposals of this kind and argue that, though intriguing, the proposals undermine, to some extent, the assumption that there is an element of experience that B‐theorists need to take to be illusory.
Deleuze's Use of Kant's Argument from Incongruent Counterparts
Authors: Somers‐Hall Henry 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to explore Deleuze's use of Kant's argument from incongruent counterparts, which Kant uses to show the existence of what he calls an “internal difference” within things. I want to explore how Deleuze draws out an important distinction between the concept and the Idea, and provides an incisive account of his relationship to both the Kantian and Leibnizian projects. First, I look at Kant's use of the argument to provide a refutation of the Leibnizian account of space, before showing how this criticism in fact rests on the question of the conceptual determination of object. Second, I show how Deleuze develops a taxonomy of difference on the basis of his reading of Kant's argument. Finally, I look at what Deleuze sees as the limitations in Kant's understanding of this concept and Deleuze's attempt to overcome these limitations through the introduction of the notion of the Idea, which will provide a genetic and nonconceptual account of the object. In doing so, I show why Deleuze takes the formulation of an adequate account of difference to be one of the central aims of his own metaphysics.
Navigating the Unknown: Towards a Positive Conception of Anonymity
Authors: Ponesse Julie 
Published: September 2013

AbstractTalk of anonymity floats freely and, in many contexts, rampantly in everyday, nonphilosophical discourse. But despite a surge of interest in anonymity—in anonymity protections, on the one hand, and anonymity harms and abuses, on the other—it is not at all clear what anonymity is. Is it simply a matter of being unknown? Or is anonymity something more, or less, than this? Unfortunately, existing analyses frame anonymity very generally as a phenomenon of unknowability and/or concealment. Consequently, they fail to capture what distinguishes anonymity and anonymity relations from, for example, privacy and privacy relations. In this paper, I explore a more precise way of articulating anonymity, developing what I call the “central anonymity paradigm,” which frames anonymity as the result of a specific exercise of control in which true pieces of information about a person are concealed from others with an effect of dissociability. I use this paradigm to show how anonymity is characteristically interpersonal and network‐relative, and deeply connected to issues of personal identity.