bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of Top Bitumen Surface in an Upper Jurassic Carbonate Reservoir Using a Seismic AI Inversion with Geostatistical Technique
Authors: Inoue Hiroyuki , Kojima Haruo , Al Shehhi Jamila , Mahgoub Mohamed Ibrahim , Suleiman Ayman , Fahmy Ismail , Shibasaki Toshiaki , Al Ameri Mohamed Braik 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
"A field" located in offshore Abu Dhabi has produced oil from the Upper Jurassic carbonate reservoirs for 25 years. The one of the main characteristic of this reservoir is an existence of bitumen (tar mat) zone intersecting sub-layers in the reservoir and porosity deterioration is observed in the bitumen zone and below bitumen zone. Since porosity deteriorates sharply from 20% to less than 5% at top of the bitumen, it is crucial to represent the bitumen surface in order to estimate hydrocarbon reserves and optimize future infill well locations
In order to characterize the reservoir properties and identify the bitumen surface, an ocean bottom cable (OBC) 3D seismic data was acquired over A field in 2010. Seismic processing results was confirmed as a high quality data to proceed reservoir characterization studies by seismic to well tie, amplitude fidelity and low frequency level during structural interpretation work. However one of the main challenges to achieve the objective is seismic resolution because the porous interval above bitumen zone is thinning toward the flank area. Therefore seismic acoustic impedance (AI) inversion with a geostatistical approach was selected to overcome this challenge.
This geostatistical AI inversion was performed by (1) log data editing and rock property analysis (2) well to seismic tie and wavelet extraction (3) low frequency model building (4) deterministic AI inversion (5) geological model framework building, and (6) stochastic AI inversion, with investigations of these uncertainties. For stochastic AI inversion stage, 50 number of multi-realizations of AI and porosity volumes were generated in order to define the top bitumen surface. Based on these realizations, several combinations of porosity and probability cut-off values were generated to identify the probabilistic top bitumen surface as well as high reservoir quality area. These results can be used as a guide to build a 3D geological model and define well planning.
Polyolefin Materials for Large Diameter Cooling Systems
Authors: Harjuntausta Jarmo , Murali Mohana 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Polyolefins have a long and successful track record as a material for low pressure piping applications in Europe. For example, drainage systems made from Polypropylene Block Copolymers (PP-B) have now been in service for over 30 years and since the introduction of the new PP high Modulus (PP-HM) grades in the 1990's, market growth has been remarkably high. This market growth was further supported by the emergence of technology that allows for the production of large diameter PE/PP pipelines of up to 4 m in diameter.
Against this background, the polyolefin pipe market in Asia and Middle East is now set for a similar strong growth to that witnessed in Europe. With the continued failure of systems made from alternative materials such as concrete, there is a significant opportunity for polyolefin pipes to replace existing networks. This paper will underline the whole life value of polyolefin pipes compared to other systems, highlight the potential for large diameter plastic pipes and underline the growth and subsequent opportunities for plastic pipes in the Middle East, particularly in the petroleum industry.
Deploying Wireless Technology for Process Plants to improve Safety, Reliability and Efficiency
Authors: Qureshi Feroz 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Industrial wireless has found acceptance in all types of process industry plants. Apart from reducing costs associated with wiring, installation, commissioning and operations, wireless is an enabling technology that can minimize risks and the likelihood of harmful incidents at a marginal cost to end users.
The following paper describes the latest advancements in industrial wireless, and explains how wireless solutions can be used to address Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) challenges in a typical processing operation.
Delineation and Extraction of Karst and Other Collapse Features in a Giant oil Field, Offshore Abu Dhabi, UAE
Authors: Edwards Henry Ewart , Lakhlifi Assia , Manral Surender , Jan Kamran Saeed , Al Dhaheri Amna 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Mapping karsts and other collapse disturbances in overburden is a challenge in a heterogeneous carbonate environment, as they are often poorly expressed features on 3D seismic amplitude data due to their inherent complex shapes, lateral variability and contrasting fill material density. Seismic attribute analysis combined with 3D seismic volume rendering and extraction techniques provide a significant amount of detailed information about karst and other collapse dissolution features in a Giant Carbonate Field Offshore Abu Dhabi, UAE. Traditional horizon-based attribute analysis, tedious and time consuming in these scenarios, can also reveal inadequate information about connectivity and volumetric extent of karsts or other collapse features.
Understanding the distribution of these features and connectivity in a 3D sense is crucial for velocity models, structural modeling of surfaces beneath such bodies and operationally as features to avoid whilst drilling to ensure drill-well integrity. A structural framework incorporating the impact of such features can be achieved by volumetric attribute generation followed by delineation and extraction of such features that are connected in a 3D sense.
This paper describes a workflow to carve out karst features dominant within the shallower Paleocene-Late Cretaceous section of the seismic data. It involves multi-trace volumetric seismic attribute-conditioned amplitude data that facilitates improved recognition of these features, providing detailed outlines of their geomorphology and infill. Advanced 3D volume rendering and applying a ‘geobody’ technique helps to discriminate the complex shapes and variability of features from their surrounding rock mass and were used to pick key examples of these features. Using the opacity control, connectivity of the body's outline and connectedness of smaller associated satellite ‘karsts’ can be displayed and extracted. Karst infill material, having slower velocity, causes the reflectors to sag in some places. In such instances a velocity seismic cube was used in this case.
Study Geophysical Response of Middle East Carbonate Reservoir using Computational Rock Physics Approach
Authors: Zhan Xin , Fullmer Shawn M. , Lu Chih-ping , Harris Christopher E. , Martinez Alex 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
This paper provides a new computational rock physics study of middle east carbonate rock. Computed elastic and electrical properties from real rock micro-tomographis and constructed 3D sphere packs build direct link between rock microstructure and its elastic, electrical responses. Multi-resolution CT scans (resolution varying from nanometer to micron) are taken for carbonate core samples belonging to different facies from middle east carbonate reservoirs. Different carbonate petrophysical pore types shows clearly different pore structures (pore shape, size, connectivity). Laplace equation and linear Stokes equation are directly solved on those 3D rock micro-tomographis to compute electrical conductivity and hydraulic permeability using finite difference method (FD). Elastic properties (Vp, Vs, bulk modulus, shear modulus, Young's modulus and Poisson's Ratio) are computed by solving linear stress-strain relationship using finite element method (FEM). To further extend predicting capability, a family of 3D model granular porous media with different porosity, pore (grain) aspect ratio, pore (grain) size distribution, pore connectivity and spatial arrangement are built to represent different carbonate petrophysical pore types. Results for different carbonate facies (Wackestone with roundish micropore system (microporosity); Grainstone, Packstone with interpartical pore (IP) system; Rudstone with vuggy porosity and IP frame) are shown. Measurements on core plugs compare well with modeling results and computed values. We can rigorously determine the pore geometry related parameters in effective medium based model (Xu-Payne model) from numerical computation to interpret and predict log response for upscaling. Finally, AVO seismic forward modeling is built to quantify porosity, fluid saturation and lithology (facies) effect on seismic response for middle east carbonate reservoir. A complete study at pore and core scale, log scale to seismic scale is achieved. Conclusions and recommendations on inverting porosity, fluid saturation and carbonate facies from pre-stack seismic in carbonate reservoir are given at the end.
Physics and Modeling of Gas Flow in Shale Reservoirs
Authors: Alharthy Najeeb , Al Kobaisi Mohammed , Torcuk Mehmet A. , Kazemi Hossein , Graves Ramona 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Gas transport in nanopores is a combination of several flow mechanisms: gas desorption, advection, molecular diffusion, and Knudsen / slip flow. The gas storage in the reservoir pores includes compressed free gas in larger pores and adsorbed gas on the organic and inorganic nanopore walls. While the conventional approach of modeling gas flow in unconventional reservoirs does not capture the relevant physics accurately, it has been successfully used by engineers to match reservoir history and predict future performance. Both single-porosity and dual-porosity approaches have been used in such efforts.
For this research, both a dual-porosity and a triple-porosity finite-difference (FD) model for single-phase flow of a multicomponent gas were developed which include advective, diffusive, and Knudsen flow mechanisms. Numerical solution for a dual-porosity, single-component model with advective and Knudsen flow contribution was validated using a new analytical unsteady-state solution. The multicomponent models account for material balance for all components as well as for the molecular interaction during flow. The purpose is to evaluate chromatographic separation of components during the reservoir life. In this paper, however, only the single-component results are presented. The current results indicate that the models’ performance are consistent with field observations and favor the presence of inter-connected microfractures in the drainage volume surrounding horizontal production wells.
A Predictive Maintenance Strategy based on Real-Time Systems
Authors: Chandran Dileep , Rodriguez Ramon , Anandan Aji , Saber Shehata 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
A Predictive Maintenance Strategy based on Real-Time Systems
Description
The optimization of preventive maintenance forms the backbone of successful proactive maintenance scheduling. This paper describes the components of a real-time information system and the modeling criteria used for a predictive maintenance strategy.
Components of a real-time system
Data Acquisition uses sensors and data conversion to measure, standardize, and transmit the operational parameters and environmental conditions.
Historian databases record the operational parameters over time. The historian database supports multiple data collection points from sensors, rig scheduling, and planned operations in SAP systems using standard protocols.
Modeling and Analysis tools use the information in the historian database to build response models and predict changes in the equipment performance. These tools include data access, algorithmic modeling, visualization, and alarm subsystems.
Predictive Model
The predictive modeling of equipment performance uses equipment specifications, past performance, and current performance measurements. Normal operational windows are used to generate out-of-normal alarms.
All relevant operational and environmental parameters are correlated to create normalized performance curves. The trends are calculated to extrapolate changes in equipment performance and determine future failure points. The maintenance windows are matched to planned operational phases to determine the optimal windows for maintenance.
The Magic of Dynamic Relationships for Project Success
Authors: Subaih Adel Bin 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
This paper shows how individual employee needs and dynamic interactions, relationships and team building initiatives, implemented by ADCO with their EPC CONTRACTOR, have contributed to successfully managing one of their recent projects. The paper looks at the ‘Joining Effort’ of all personnel for a single interactive dynamic team, whilst considering the Project Management areas of Leadership, Management Structure / Change and Conflict Resolution. An added parameter was to ensure the technical production was to a high standard.
From previous projects, major challenges experienced in project management have been many. The issues were all listed with the possible effects project wide.
After all the challenges to the ‘health of the project’ were listed, solutions were identified in the following areas; install strong leadership, management structure/tools in place, one integrated team, taskforce champions, document composition for complex documents, aligning the document production with time, identifying resources shortfall, identifying quality issues, containing cost through design, employee needs and recognition, team building exercises and conflict resolution.
Various theories (Maslow, Hertzberg & others) involving emotional, psychological and motivational areas were investigated. These verified that the solutions put in place should work. The results proved positive. Primary points were; attitude change (self esteem/self-actualization), strong trust and low conflict. These aspects led onto many more beneficial results, especially within the team framework. The added ‘Technical’ parameter looked into the effect of having a technically sound project as compared with a not so technically sound project.
There is no Magic for creating the project success that everyone is trying to achieve. But probably it could be described as a magic dynamic formula involving the employee, the team and the technical. The project is on time, to budget, of good quality and with safety covered. Being pro-active and identification of possible problems up front, allows solutions to be put in position. Bringing all personnel (the project teams) together, to act as one unit, is a pre-requisite for this to happen.
Improving the Uncertainty Understanding for the Optimal Development of an Abu Dhabi Offshore Green Field
Authors: Lacroix Sebastien , Al Badi Bader 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Quantifying, ranking and weighting of reservoir uncertainties are a key element in evaluating the development plan of a green field. Due to the limited amount of data and its accuracy, it is of prime interest to assess the risk related to a development plan in terms of potential recovery. Once quantified, mitigation plans or probabilistic optimization can be derived in order to minimize the risk and maximize the recovery.
The risk assessment of the development plan in this study was applied to a new offshore field of Abu Dhabi. The stochastic uncertainty analysis consisted in defining the main variables contributing to the risk on ultimate recovery and ranking them using uncertainty and risk analysis tool.
The results highlighted a strong impact of fault sealing capability and residual oil among other parameters together with a dependency of the parameters’ impact to time. Given these uncertainties it could then be identified that the current FDP was most likely overestimating the actual P50 and that remedial actions shall be put in place to acquire more confidence in the data.
Eventually an optimization under uncertainty provided a better insight on the optimal field rate during the production plateau and required shut-in water cut for producing wells in order to maximize the field recovery.
Engineering, Procurement, and Construction Challenges of Oil and Gas Artificial Islands in the Arabian Gulf, Part 1
Authors: El-Gharbawy Sherif , Sarhan Hazem , Khaled Mootaz , Seddik Sameh 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Capitalizing on the UAE's wide experience in the field of land reclamation and artificial island technology, the Abu Dhabi oil and gas industry, represented by ADNOC group of companies, is currently deploying an array of islands across Abu Dhabi's Exclusive Economic Zone in the Arabian Gulf for applications such as new field development and the upgrade or expansion of storage and offloading facilities. With favorable water depths and environmental conditions, land reclamation is often a more economical option for the accommodation of offshore facilities than the construction of fixed steel jacket platforms. ADMA-OPCO is currently engaged in applying the technology to projects such as the Satah Al-Raaz Boot (SARB) field development, a 105,000-bpd development comprising 86 wells on two artificial islands. Simultaneously, ZADCO is making progress on expanding drilling from the Upper Zakum field by constructing four artificial islands (UZAI) to increase field production to 750,000 bpd by 2015. While cost and schedule optimization will be realized with the selection of the artificial island option for these mega projects, designers and contractors are facing the challenge of securing or fabricating building materials in huge amounts for the construction of both the land masses and shore protection structures. Creative solutions to procuring these materials are tabled and investigated. Innovative engineering designs are tried and tested both numerically and using physical model tests. The presence of a soft soil layer within the foundation strata of one of the Upper Zakum islands required special treatment to satisfy island performance criteria. Schedule constraints of construction and fulfilling ADNOC's strategic production objectives continue to be the driving forces behind the resolution of all challenges.
Getting the Right Mix of Maintenance Strategies with Historical Facts
Authors: Salim Sajam Ebrahim 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
One of the key aims of any industry, especially petrochemical industry is to ensure safe operation of their plant, distinguished by maximum availability & minimized operating cost. Maintenance measures have been optimized specific to application with increased level of automation. In-spite of these efforts an optimum maintenance management is fatigued with the risk linked to reliability and availability. An orderly method of predictive, condition based and reliability centered maintenance is far from identifying and preventing the victimized failures across the industry. The idea presented is conceptual with practical inclination and in most cases is applicable to any advanced maintenance strategy implementation.
This paper initially intends optimizing maintenance plan accounting best practices and established measures which allows experience and findings in multiple plants to be explored by all participants on a common platform. Secondly, tagging a historical database on critical equipment's unexpected failures and its root causes in CMMS helps realizing health-focused maintenance. Such failure mode analysis greatly minimizes chance for failure re-occurrence. This concept, Factual maintenance, is a plant-neutral maintenance strategy which adds value to their competitive position in significantly reducing surprise failures and considerable improving MTBF.
The best practice of factual maintenance is during acceptance testing and commissioning. Identifying defects from manufacturing or installation or due to unintended mode of operation is not unusual during acceptance process. Maintaining critical or application specific facilities during O&M phase shall adopt cross plant experience rather restricting to sole type of maintenance practiced.
The paper analyzes the current maintenance strategies & how embedding history based knowledge and linking operators into work management will yield most efficient risk reduction. There is no single maintenance strategy suiting all situations, however a blend of maintenance management strategy shall be required for plants with multi critical equipments with varied life span. A right amount of preventive maintenance as well as predictive maintenance is required along with a FMEA to minimize unexpected failures. Structuring a maintenance program based on equipment needs and priorities together with best practices and lessons learned across the varied sites yields greater maintenance effectiveness & asset reliability.
Pipeline Integrity Management
Authors: Wenman Tim , Dim Joe 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Various worldwide, high profile asset integrity incidents have heightened attention to the integrity of pipelines in recent years.
Setting Shell's corporate strategy for Pipeline Integrity provides interesting opportunities for capturing best practices from a diversity of operating units and environments from around the globe - from the frozen arctic like conditions of Sakhalin, to highly sour service in Canada, the tropical climates of Brunei and Malaysia, and operational challenges in Nigeria to increasingly regulated environments in the USA and North Sea.
Key components of an effective Pipeline Integrity Management System (PIMS) include:
Organisation/Roles and Responsibilities, Standards and Procedures, Competencies and Technical Authorities, Asset Registration, Risk Assessment, Maintenance & Integrity Work Plan, Data Management, Integrity assessment and verification, Reporting of Compliance and Integrity Status, Management of Change, Emergency Response, Reviews and Audits.
This paper will discuss the framework for effective Pipeline Integrity Management within Shell to ultimately meet the aspiration of "Our [pipeline] assets are safe and we know it" and can show it to the various stakeholders.
Gaussian-based Estimation of Distribution Algorithms for History Matching
Authors: Abdollahzadeh Asaad , Christie Mike , Corne David 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Numerical reservoir models are used to predict, optimise and improve production performance of the oil and gas reservoirs. History matching is required to calibrate reservoir models to dynamic behaviour of the reservoir. On the one hand, historymatching does not have a unique solution and multiple models can fit observation data, on the other hand, history-matching is a tedious and time-consuming trial and error process as it involves numerous reservoir simulation runs. Modern history matching techniques use optimisation algorithms aim at providing a set of good fitting models in an efficient time.
Many optimisation algorithms are applied in history-matching. Of them, Evolutionary Algorithms (EAs), inspired by natural evolution, do not use gradient information from the optimisation problem and only require the fitness function, usually defined as the sum of squares root deviation of model response from the observation data. Estimation of distribution algorithms (EDAs) are a novel class of EAs developed as a natural alternative to genetic algorithms in the last decade. To date, many EDAs are introduced which differ in the probabilistic model that guides the search process. Most of the EDAs are designed for discrete problems and require discretisation of search space when used for continuous problems, e.g. in history matching. In some cases, discretization error can be significant and deteriorate the search process.
Gaussian-based EDAs use characteristics of Gaussian distribution for multivariate continuous problems. i.e. they make use of mean and covariance matrix of the variables in the promising solutions to generate new solutions which fit better the observation data. In this paper, we introduce and for the first time apply four Gaussian-based EDAs to assisted historymatching of a standard synthetic case. We show our proposed algorithms may produce results more accurately and more efficiently for the continuous problems.