bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antenatal Hypnosis Training and Childbirth Experience: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Werner Anette , Uldbjerg Niels , Zachariae Robert , Wu Chun Sen , Nohr Ellen A. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackgroundChildbirth is a demanding event in a woman's life. The aim of this study was to explore whether a brief intervention in the form of an antenatal course in self‐hypnosis to ease childbirth could improve the childbirth experience.MethodIn a randomized, controlled, single‐blinded trial, 1,222 healthy nulliparous women were allocated to one of three groups during pregnancy: A hypnosis group participating in three 1‐hour sessions teaching self‐hypnosis to ease childbirth, a relaxation group receiving three 1‐hour lessons in various relaxation methods and Mindfulness, and a usual care group receiving ordinary antenatal care only. Wijmas Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire (W‐DEQ) was used to measure the childbirth experience 6 weeks postpartum.ResultsThe intention‐to‐treat analysis indicated that women in the hypnosis group experienced their childbirth as better compared with the other two groups (mean W‐DEQ score of 42.9 in the Hypnosis group, 47.2 in the Relaxation group, and 47.5 in the Care as usual group (p = 0.01)). The tendency toward a better childbirth experience in the hypnosis group was also seen in subgroup analyses for mode of delivery and for levels of fear.ConclusionIn this large randomized controlled trial, a brief course in self‐hypnosis improved the women's childbirth experience.
Risk of Episiotomy and Perineal Lacerations Recurring After First Delivery
Authors: Manzanares Sebastian , Cobo Davinia , Moreno‐Martínez Maria Dolores , Sánchez‐Gila Mar , Pineda Alicia 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackgroundTo assess whether the presence of an episiotomy or spontaneous perineal trauma at the first delivery increases the risk of perineal trauma at the following one.MethodsWe studied 2,695 women who gave birth twice at Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital of Granada, Spain. All second deliveries were from 2004 to 2011 and prenatal database records were used to obtain information about the first deliveries. All births, first and second, were single, vaginal, unassisted, and in a cephalic presentation. Two groups were made as follows: Intact perineum (no perineal trauma or first‐degree spontaneous tear at the first delivery) and perineal trauma (episiotomy or second‐degree or higher spontaneous tear at the first delivery). Both groups were compared according to the degree of perineal trauma at the second delivery.ResultsWomen included in the perineal trauma group were significantly older and a higher proportion was attended by a midwife with an obstetrician present in the delivery room. No differences were observed according to gestational age, epidural analgesia or fetal birth weight. Adjusting for these possible compounding factors and the year of birth, the risk of undergoing a second‐degree or higher spontaneous tear at their next delivery was fivefold (adjusted OR 5.15, 95% CI 3.11–8.54), and the risk of undergoing an episiotomy in the second delivery was threefold (adjusted OR 3.20, 95% CI 2.19–4.69) for the perineal trauma group.ConclusionThe risk of undergoing a spontaneous perineal tear or an episiotomy in the second delivery is increased by the practice of episiotomy in the first one.
The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2013/14: Ligand‐Gated Ion Channels
Authors: Alexander Stephen P.H. , Benson Helen E. , Faccenda Elena , Pawson Adam J. , Sharman Joanna L. , Spedding Michael , Peters John A. , Harmar Anthony J. ,   CGTP Collaborators
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2013/14 provides concise overviews of the key properties of over 2000 human drug targets with their pharmacology, plus links to an open access knowledgebase of drug targets and their ligands (www.guidetopharmacology.org), which provides more detailed views of target and ligand properties. The full contents can be found at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.12444/full.Ligand‐gated ion channels are one of the seven major pharmacological targets into which the Guide is divided, with the others being G protein‐coupled receptors, ion channels, catalytic receptors, nuclear hormone receptors, transporters and enzymes. These are presented with nomenclature guidance and summary information on the best available pharmacological tools, alongside key references and suggestions for further reading. A new landscape format has easy to use tables comparing related targets.It is a condensed version of material contemporary to late 2013, which is presented in greater detail and constantly updated on the website www.guidetopharmacology.org, superseding data presented in previous Guides to Receptors and Channels. It is produced in conjunction with NC‐IUPHAR and provides the official IUPHAR classification and nomenclature for human drug targets, where appropriate. It consolidates information previously curated and displayed separately in IUPHAR‐DB and the Guide to Receptors and Channels, providing a permanent, citable, point‐in‐time record that will survive database updates.
The fraction of exhaled nitric oxide improves prediction of clinical allergic reaction to peanut challenge in children
Authors: Preece K. , Bhatia R. , Belcher J. , Patchett K. , McElduff P. , Collison A. , Mattes J. 
Published: December 2013

SummaryBackgroundRetrospective studies of childhood peanut allergy demonstrate serum‐specific IgE (IgE) levels against the peanut allergen Ara h2 may help predict a clinical reaction at food challenge. Fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) is a non‐invasive tool correlating to allergic airways inflammation and has been independently associated with increased food‐specific IgE.ObjectiveTo assess the validity of serum‐specific Ara h2 IgE measured prospectively to diagnose peanut allergy and explore the utility of FeNO as a non‐invasive screening tool for childhood food challenge.MethodsWe recruited 53 participants from a cohort of consecutive children scheduled for an open‐labelled peanut food challenge (OFC) by their paediatric allergist. Participants underwent skin prick test (SPT) measurement for sensitization to whole peanut extract, and serum was collected for Ara h2‐specific IgE. FeNO was also measured in all cooperative children before the challenge. OFC and assessment of reaction were undertaken by clinicians blinded to test results.ResultsAra h2‐specific IgE and FeNO each showed improved diagnostic accuracy when compared to SPT. Receiver operator characteristic curve analysis gave an area under the curve (AUC) for Ara h2 sIgE of 0.84 (95% CI, 0.72–0.96). The AUC for FeNO, 0.83 (95% CI, 0.71–0.95), was equivalent to that of Ara h2. Combined AUC for SPT, sIgE to Ara h2 and FeNO was 0.96 (95% CI 0.90–1.00). There was no correlation between FeNO and serum nitrite levels (rs = −0.13, P = 0.6, n = 18).Conclusion and clinical relevanceProspectively measured Ara h2‐specific IgE improves diagnostic accuracy and reduces unsuccessful challenge to peanut. FeNO levels may provide improved diagnostic accuracy in a paediatric population undergoing OFC. The proposed FeNO‐based diagnostic algorithm requires further validation studies.
The nature of relationships between orphans and their kinship carers in Botswana
Authors: Malinga‐Musamba Tumani 
Published: December 2013

AbstractGenerations of parents lost to AIDS and other causes have created a vacuum of care for the orphaned children they leave behind. This crisis has resulted in rapid changes in caregiving and family life, with extended family members, having to care for orphaned children. As a result of high numbers of vulnerable orphaned children residing with kinship carers, and the fundamental importance of the relationship between carers and orphaned children, we need to understand more about these relationships. This paper explores the nature of orphaned children–kinship carer relationships in Botswana. Interview guides were used to collect data from 15 caregivers and 15 orphaned children. The results indicate that the nature of relationships between orphaned children and caregivers is influenced by the way the parties communicate, how adolescents behave and the competing responsibilities of caregivers. Lastly, the paper recommends how positive relationships can be developed and nurtured between orphaned children and their caregivers in an African setting.
The Effect of Keratinized Mucosa Width on Peri‐Implant Outcome under Supportive Postimplant Therapy
Authors: Frisch Eberhard , Ziebolz Dirk , Vach Kirstin , Ratka‐Krüger Petra 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackgroundLong‐ranging data on the influence of keratinized mucosa (KM) on peri‐implant tissue status have been scarce.PurposeRetrospective evaluation of peri‐implant diseases and KM width in patients with versus without mucogingival surgery.Materials and MethodsUnder supportive postimplant therapy (SIT) in a private practice, 68 patients with peri‐implant KM widths <1 mm were identified between 1992 and 2011 (eight dropouts). Thirty patients rejected surgery (control [C] group), and 30 patients agreed (intervention [I] group). After at least 1 year, KM width, mucositis, and peri‐implant conditions were assessed.ResultsSixty nonsmoking patients (n = 105 implants) were available for assessment after 12.10 ± 4.93 years. No implants were lost (survival rate: 100%). An average of 10.69 years after surgery, the I group implants showed a mean KM gain of 3.10 ± 1.43 mm (C group: 0 mm).The mucositis rates were as follows: I group: 38.98%; C group: 31.91%. Peri‐implantitis was detected in two implants (1.87%) and two individuals (6.67%) in the I group.No significant differences between groups were found, except that the KM width values were significantly greater in the I group (p < 0.001).ConclusionsLow incidences of peri‐implant diseases over long periods can be expected in patients attending SIT programs, independent of the absence or presence of KM.
Accuracy of Dental Implant Placement Using CBCT‐Derived Mucosa‐Supported Stereolithographic Template
Authors: Sun Yi , Luebbers Heinz‐Theo , Agbaje Jimoh Olubanwo , Schepers Serge , Politis Constantinus , Van Slycke Sarah , Vrielinck Luc 
Published: December 2013

AbstractPurposeThe aim of the present in vivo study was to evaluate whether a difference exists between the maxilla and the mandible regarding the precision of implant placement utilizing a cone beam computed tomography (CBCT)‐derived mucosa‐supported stereolithographic (SLA) template.Materials and MethodsEighty implants (44 maxilla, 36 mandible) were placed in 18 fully edentulous jaws (10 maxillas, eight mandibles) using a mucosa‐supported SLA surgical template. A voxel‐based registration technique was applied to match the postoperative and preoperative CBCT scans.ResultsVertical deviation (p = .026) at the implant hex and angular deviation (p = .0188) were significantly lower in the maxilla than in the mandible. The global linear deviation and lateral deviation at the implant hex were not significantly different. At the implant apex, the average maximum vertical deviation was within 1 mm (0.1–4.6 mm). The average maximum lateral deviation was 1.8 mm (0.9–5.5 mm) in the maxilla and 2.3 mm (0.5–5.5 mm) in the mandible when a 15‐mm‐long implant was placed.ConclusionsWhen using CBCT‐derived mucosa‐supported SLA templates, clinicians should be aware of differences in the angular deviation of the implants in the mandible and maxilla. The average maximum linear deviation should be considered as a safety margin at the implant apex.
THE REMARKABLE P. F. B. VON SIEBOLD, HIS LIFE IN EUROPE AND JAPAN
Authors: Compton James A. , Thijsse Gerard 
Published: December 2013

SummaryWe present a synopsis of the major trends of Siebold's life, his youth in the Rhineland and his lengthy employment as a physician and natural scientist in the colonial government of the Dutch East Indies. We follow his career on the cramped Japanese island of Dejima where he was based for 6 years. We reveal how, during two visits to Japan, Siebold became a renowned ethnographer, natural historian, author and entrepreneur and an unsuccessful diplomat. In this paper we attempt to provide an insight into Siebold's varied life in Bavaria, The Netherlands and Japan.
Association of fasting glucose with subclinical cerebrovascular disease in older adults without Type 2 diabetes
Authors: Sims R. C. , Katzel L. I. , Lefkowitz D. M. , Siegel E. L. , Rosenberger W. F. , Manukyan Z. , Whitfield K. E. , Waldstein S. R. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAimsTo examine how fasting glucose and glucose tolerance are related to magnetic resonance imaging‐assessed indicators of subclinical cerebrovascular disease and brain atrophy and their variation according to age, sex and education.MethodsParticipants in the present study were 172 healthy, community‐dwelling older adults. An oral glucose tolerance test was administered and magnetic resonance imaging performed. Fasting, 2‐h, and 2‐h area‐under‐the‐curve glucose levels, their associations with subclinical cerebrovascular disease and brain atrophy, and their respective interactions with age, sex and education were examined.ResultsA positive association between fasting glucose and subclinical cerebrovascular disease (but not brain atrophy) emerged; this association was more pronounced for participants with < 12 years of education; however, glucose tolerance was not related to subclinical cerebrovascular disease or brain atrophy.ConclusionsFindings revealed a potential link between fasting glucose levels and the presence of subclinical cerebrovascular disease indicators — white matter hyperintensities and silent brain infarction — in older adults without diabetes and with an education level below high school. Additional research is needed to confirm these associations and to determine the need for interventions aimed at closely monitoring and preventing elevated glucose levels in this population to reduce the prevalence of subclinical cerebrovascular disease.
Feasibility and Prognostic Value of Stress Echocardiography in Obese, Morbidly Obese, and Super Obese Patients Referred for Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Supariwala Azhar , Makani Harikrishna , Kahan Jonathan , Pierce Matthew , Bajwa Farhan , Dukkipati Sai Sreenija , Teixeira Julio , Chaudhry Farooq A. 
Published: December 2013

BackgroundStress echocardiography (SE) is clinically used in the risk stratification and prognosis of patients with coronary artery disease. Due to multiple comorbidities, obese patients have increased risk of adverse cardiovascular events perioperatively in noncardiac surgery. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of SE in morbidly obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery.MethodsConsecutive patients referred for SE for preoperative evaluation prior to bariatric surgery from January 2002 to July 2011 formed the study cohort. Contrast was used to define the endocardial border in patients with poor acoustic windows. All‐cause mortality data were obtained from Social Security Death Index.ResultsSix hundred fifty‐two patients (47 ± 10 years, 84% females) with the mean follow‐up of 3.0 ± 2.7 years and mean body mass index (BMI) of 47 ± 9 kg/m² were included in this analysis. Dobutamine SE was performed in 65% of patients compared to exercise SE in 35%. Patients with higher BMI were more likely to undergo dobutamine SE (P < 0.0001). Similarly, incidence of poor acoustic windows and contrast use was higher in those with increased BMI (P < 0.001). Contrast use was higher in patients undergoing dobutamine SE (39%) versus exercise (25%), (P = 0.002). 19 patients (3%) had an abnormal SE and 8 patients (1.2%) died during the follow‐up period.ConclusionStress echocardiography is feasible in the morbidly obese patients. Patients with higher BMI were more likely to undergo dobutamine SE and have higher incidence of poor acoustic windows and contrast use.
Local and systemic control of powdery mildew in eucalyptus using essential oils and decoctions from traditional Brazilian medicinal plants
Authors: da Silva A. C. , de Souza P. E. , de Resende M. L. V. , da Silva M. B. , Ribeiro P. M. , Zeviani W. M. 
Published: December 2013

SummaryEucalyptus plants cultivated in greenhouses, nurseries and clonal minigardens are vulnerable to attack of Oidium eucalypti (powdery mildew). Essential oils and decoctions prepared from the traditional Brazilian medicinal plants Aloysia gratissima, Cordia verbenacea and Hyptis marrubioides have been shown to be effective in the control of some plant diseases. In this study, the local and systemic effects of these preparations in the control of O. eucalypti were evaluated by assessing the progress of the disease in saplings of a highly susceptible hybrid population of eucalyptus (‘urocam’). The systemic effects were also assessed by investigating the ability of the preparations to induce disease resistance, as indicated by increased peroxidase activity. The natural products were found to be as effective as a commercial fungicide (mixture of pyraclostrobin and epoxiconazole) for the control of O. eucalypti in eucalyptus plants under greenhouse conditions. Additionally, the essential oil and decoction of A. gratissima were able to exert systemic control over O. eucalypti and induce peroxidase activity in Oidium‐inoculated plants. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the oils and decoctions from the three species exhibited direct fungitoxic activities on O. eucalypti as shown by lysis of hyphal walls and shrinking of conidia. The results presented herein suggest that oils and decoctions from A. gratissima, C. verbenacea and H. marrubioides may offer an effective, practical and ecofriendly strategy for the control of O. eucalypti in eucalyptus.
Wilt and die‐back of Eucalyptus spp. caused by Erwinia psidii in Brazil
Authors: Arriel D. A. A. , Fonseca N. R. , Guimarães L. M. S. , Hermenegildo P. S. , Mafia R. G. , Borges Júnior N. , de Souza H. P. , Alfenas A. C. 
Published: December 2013

SummaryA new disease of unknown bacterial aetiology has been observed in eucalyptus stands since 2009. It is characterized by die‐back, wilting and lesions on the branches, petiole and midrib in association with macroscopic and microscopic bacterial ooze. To date, this disease has been observed in stands of clonal Eucalyptus saligna, E. grandis and E. urophylla x E. grandis hybrids and in E. dunnii seedling plantations in the states of São Paulo, Rio Grande do Sul and Mato Grosso do Sul. Considering the economic importance of eucalyptus plantations and the potential losses caused by this disease, this study aimed to identify and characterize the causal agent. Thirty‐four strains were obtained from infected plants, which were collected in the field from four locations. The inoculation of detached leaves and intact rooted cuttings supported pathogenicity in eucalyptus. The phylogenetic analysis of four housekeeping genes (16S rDNA, gapA, recA and rpoB) as well as biochemical tests confirmed the identity of strains belonging to the species Erwinia psidii. This is the first report of E. psidii as the cause of wilt and die‐back in Eucalyptus spp. in Brazil.
TUBB1 mutation disrupting microtubule assembly impairs proplatelet formation and results in congenital macrothrombocytopenia
Authors: Kunishima Shinji , Nishimura Satoshi , Suzuki Hidenori , Imaizumi Masue , Saito Hidehiko 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThis report describes a family with TUBB1‐associated macrothrombocytopenia diagnosed based on abnormal platelet β1‐tubulin distribution. A circumferential marginal microtubule band was undetectable, whereas microtubules were frayed and disorganized in every platelet from the affected individuals. Patients were heterozygous for novel TUBB1 p.F260S that locates at the α‐ and β‐tubulin intradimer interface. Mutant β1‐tubulin was not incorporated into microtubules with endogenous α‐tubulin, and α‐tubulin expression was decreased in transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells. Transduction of mutant β1‐tubulin into mouse fetal liver‐derived megakaryocytes demonstrated no incorporation of mutant β1‐tubulin into microtubules with endogenous α‐tubulin and diminished proplatelet formation, leading to the production of fewer, but larger, proplatelet tips. Furthermore, mutant β1‐tubulin was not associated with endogenous α‐tubulin in the proplatelets. Deficient functional microtubules might lead to defective proplatelet formation and abnormal protrusion‐like platelet release, resulting in congenital macrothrombocytopenia.
European springtime temperature synchronises ibex horn growth across the eastern Swiss Alps
Authors: Büntgen Ulf , Liebhold Andrew , Jenny Hannes , Mysterud Atle , Egli Simon , Nievergelt Daniel , Stenseth Nils C. , Bollmann Kurt 
Published: December 2013

AbstractDirect effects of climate change on animal physiology, and indirect impacts from disruption of seasonal synchrony and breakdown of trophic interactions are particularly severe in Arctic and Alpine ecosystems. Unravelling biotic from abiotic drivers, however, remains challenging because high‐resolution animal population data are often limited in space and time. Here, we show that variation in annual horn growth (an indirect proxy for individual performance) of 8043 male Alpine ibex (Capra ibex) over the past four decades is well synchronised among eight disjunct colonies in the eastern Swiss Alps. Elevated March to May temperatures, causing premature melting of Alpine snowcover, earlier plant phenology and subsequent improvement of ibex food resources, fuelled annual horn growth. These results reveal dependency of local trophic interactions on large‐scale climate dynamics, and provide evidence that declining herbivore performance is not a universal response to global warming even for high‐altitude populations that are also harvested.
Influence of defective complete dentures renewal on TMD; an MRI and clinical controlled prospective study
Authors: Abdelnabi Mohamed H. , Swelem Amal A. 
Published: December 2013

BackgroundThe influence of complete denture occlusion on temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is controversial. Some studies found that defective occlusion contributes to the development of TMD, while others found no correlation.ObjectiveThis prospective controlled study evaluated the relationship between renewal of old defective complete dentures and TMD as evidenced both by clinical examination and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings.Materials and MethodsThe study included 25 complete denture patients with signs and symptoms of TMD and 21 asymptomatic controls. Clicking was a common finding in all symptomatic joints. All selected participants needed complete denture renewal. MRI and clinical assessment following research diagnostic criteria for TMD guidelines (RDC/TMD) were carried out at baseline and 2 years after new complete denture insertion. Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain, muscle pain, clicking and movement limitation were the assessed signs and symptoms. MRIs were conducted to evaluate the TMJs for disc displacement, disc morphology and joint effusion.ResultsComplete denture renewal significantly improved the signs and symptoms of TMD in symptomatic group (p < 0.01). Only in the symptomatic group, treatment resulted in a significant increase in joints displaying superior (normal) disc position (symptomatic p < 0.001; asymptomatic p = 0.157). New dentures did not affect disc morphology in both groups (p = 0.5 for both groups) but significantly reduced joint effusion in the symptomatic group (symptomatic p < 0.001; asymptomatic p = 0.5). Relationship between clinical and MRI findings was not one to one.ConclusionsNew complete dentures had a positive impact on TMD signs and symptoms, disc position and joint effusion but not on disc morphology.