bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hospitalisation rates and associated factors in community‐based cohorts of HIV‐infected and ‐uninfected gay and bisexual men
Authors: Moore CL , Grulich AE , Prestage G , Gidding HF , Jin F , Mao L , Petoumenos K , Zablotska IB , Poynten IM , Law MG , Amin J 
Published: September 2015

ObjectivesThere is evidence that HIV‐positive patients are suffering from a greater burden of morbidity as they age due to nonAIDS‐related complications. To date it has been difficult to determine what part of this excess risk is due to the health effects of HIV, its treatment or to lifestyle factors common to gay and bisexual men (GBM). We calculated overall and cause‐specific hospitalisation rates and risk factors for hospitalisations in HIV‐negative and HIV‐positive cohorts of GBM and compare these with rates in the general male population.MethodsWe conducted a record linkage study, linking two cohorts of HIV‐negative (n = 1325) and HIV‐positive (n = 557) GBM recruited in Sydney, New South Wales (NSW), Australia with the NSW hospital discharge data register. We compared rates of hospitalisation in the two cohorts and risk factors for hospitalisation using random‐effects Poisson regression methods. Hospitalisation rates for each cohort were further compared with those in the general male population using indirect standardisation.ResultsWe observed 2032 hospitalisations in the HIV‐negative cohort during 13 016 person‐years (PYs) [crude rate: 15.6/100PYs (95% CI: 14.9–16.3)] and 2130 hospitalisations in the HIV‐positive cohort during 5571 PYs [crude rate: 38.2/100PYs (95% CI: 36.6–39.9)]. HIV‐positive individuals had an increased risk of hospitalisation compared with the HIV‐negative individuals [adjusted‐IRR: 2.34 (95% CI: 1.91–2.86)] and the general population [SHR: 1.45 (95% CI: 1.33–1.59)]. Hospitalisation rates were lower in the HIV‐negative cohort compared with the general population [SHR: 0.72 (95% CI: 0.67–0.78)]. The primary causes of hospitalisation differed between groups.ConclusionsHIV‐positive GBM continue to experience excess morbidity compared with HIV‐negative GBM men and the general population. HIV‐negative GBM had lower morbidity compared with the general male population suggesting that GBM identity does not confer excess risk.
Study and Optimization of the Drying Process of a Ceramic Abrasive Composite
Authors: Capela Paulina , Faria Luís , Junior Correia , Carvalho Luís , Guedes Aníbal , Pereira Mário , Soares Delfim 
Published: September 2015

This study presents a methodology to evaluate the drying mechanism of grinding wheels production, along the depth of a specimen, during the drying thermal cycle. The thermal and moisture gradients along the specimens were determined. The adopted experimental methodology allows obtaining precise moisture contents along the cross section of a component. Results showed that two steps of drying are present and that the drying kinetics is affected by the compaction pressure, which in turn alters the open porosity level. A critical compression pressure (17–23 MPa) was determined for the change on the drying characteristics, for the tested material.
Simultaneous scheduling of football games and referees using Turkish league data
Authors: Atan Tankut , Hüseyinoǧlu Olgu Pelin 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAssignment decisions of referees to football (soccer) games are highly debated in sports media. Referee assignments are typically done on a weekly basis as the league progresses. However, this practice ignores important workload constraints on referees. Moreover, referees' skill levels should also be considered in determining their assignments. In this article, we first give a mixed integer linear program formulation for the problem of simultaneously generating a game schedule and assigning main referees to games by incorporating specific rules in the Turkish league. We also approach this problem using a genetic algorithm (GA) because of the computational difficulties in solving the problem. In the GA solution pool, we suggest using templates for referee assignments that follow several referee‐related workload constraints. We explain how these templates can be obtained by solving a mixed integer linear model prior to running the GA. The usage of these templates for referee assignments is conceptually similar to using a basic match schedule for game scheduling such as the one used in the Turkish Football League. We use the Turkish Football League fixtures for 2010–2013 as a case study. Experiments with the GA using real‐world data show a rather modest performance in terms of computation time and objective function value. Our numerical results indicate that the problem is extremely hard to solve.
FACTORS WHICH INFLUENCE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TREATMENT OF EPILEPSY
Authors: LAMBIE D. G. , STANAWAY L. , JOHNSON R. H. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractDespite recent advances in the management of epilepsy, some patients continue to have seizures which defy therapeutic intervention. To examine factors which may influence the successful application of therapy a survey was carried out of 103 patients, with a previous diagnosis of epilepsy, who had a seizure for which an ambulance was called. It was evident that anticonvulsants are not always used to their maximum potential or under optimal conditions. Problems which were identified in treatment included the widespread use of polypharmacy. Patients contributed to failure of seizure control by lack of compliance with therapy (29 patients) and by excessive alcohol consumption (19 patients).
ACUTE ENCEPHALOPATHY AND DEATH DUE TO PETROL SNIFFING: NEUROPATHOLOGICAL FINDINGS
Authors: KAELAN C. , HARPER C. , VIEIRA B. I. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA 25 year old man with a five year history of petrol sniffing developed an acute encephalopathy with abnormal body movements and died of aspiration pneumonia. Neuropathological findings included chromatolysis of neurons in the reticular formation and cerebral cortex and loss of neurons in the h3‐5 sector of Ammon's horn and the cerebellum. Toxicological studies suggest that the encephalopathy is caused by the tetraethyl‐lead additive in the petrol. These data support previous human and experimental studies.
MEDIASTINAL CARCINOID TUMOUR: PRE‐OPERATIVE ARTERIAL EMBOLISATION
Authors: HUGHES C. F. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractCarcinoid tumours of the mediastinum are very rare. They are frequently malignant and run a quite different course from that of the more benign thymomas.We report a 70 year old man with an anterior mediastinal tumour which was initially diagnosed as a thymoma but which was subsequently shown to be a carcinoid tumour. Surgical extirpation was greatly enhanced by pre‐operative angiography and arterial embolisation of the tumour. Early and aggressive diagnostic attempts, pre‐operative angiography, with or without arterial embolisation, and complete surgical excision offer the best hope of a cure for these malignant tumours.
Enhanced Piezoelectric Properties and Thermal Stability in the (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3:ZnO Lead‐Free Piezoelectric Composites
Authors: Pan Zhao , Chen Jun , Fan Longlong , Zhang Ji , Zhang Shantao , Huang Yu , Liu Laijun , Fang Liang , Xing Xianran 
Published: September 2015

The piezoelectric properties of (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 (KNN) are normally enhanced by chemical substitutions or doping to form solid solutions. In this study, we report that the piezoelectric properties of KNN and thermal stability of piezoelectric coefficient d33 can be both enhanced by forming the composite of KNN:ZnO. The d33 of KNN:0.2ZnO can be improved to 110 pC/N by introducing the ZnO nanoparticles, which is better than the pure KNN (d33 = 85 pC/N). The Curie temperature (TC = 407°C) remains well comparable to the pure KNN (TC = 408°C). Furthermore, the thermal stability of both remanent polarization (Pr) and piezoelectric parameter (d33) is improved. The enhanced thermal stability could be related to the induced built‐in electric field or the enhanced sinterability by the addition of ZnO. The present results may help to optimize the piezoelectric properties of lead‐free materials by forming composite.
Structural and Crystal Chemical Investigation of Intermediate Phases in the System Ca2SiO4–Ca3(PO4)2–CaNaPO4
Authors: Widmer Remo , Gfeller Frank , Armbruster Thomas 
Published: September 2015

Two intermediate compounds of the system Ca2SiO4–Ca3(PO4)2–CaNaPO4 were synthesized by reaction sintering at 1600°C and analyzed structurally, chemically, and optically. The structure of Ca7(PO4)2(SiO4)2 nagelschmidtite (space group P61, a = 10.7754(1) Å, c = 21.4166(3) Å) was determined by single crystal X‐ray analysis. Its unit cell can be interpreted as a supercell (≈ 2 × a, 3 × c) of the high‐temperature polymorph α‐Ca2SiO4. Evidence for pseudo‐hexagonal symmetry is shown. Using electron microprobe, the solid solution Ca7−xNax(PO4)2+x(SiO4)2−x, (x ≤ 2), of nagelschmidtite was confirmed. Volume thermal expansion coefficients of Ca6.8Na0.2(PO4)2.2(SiO4)1.8 and Ca5.4Na1.5(PO4)3.7(SiO4)0.3 were determined using high‐temperature X‐ray powder diffraction, yielding mean αV = 3.95 and 5.21 [×10−5/°C], respectively. Ca15(PO4)2(SiO4)6 is a distinct phase in the binary section Ca2SiO4–Ca3(PO4)2 and was found to extend into the ternary space according to Ca15−xNax(PO4)2+x(SiO4)6−x, (x ≤ 0.1). Quenching experiments of the latter allowed for structural analysis of a strongly disordered, defective high‐temperature polymorph of the α‐Ca2SiO4–α‐Ca3(PO4)2 solid solution. Structural relations between nagelschmidtite, Ca15(PO4)2(SiO4)6 and the end‐member compounds of the system are discussed.
Caring for Adults with Intellectual Disability: The Perspectives of Family Carers in South Africa
Authors: McKenzie Judith , McConkey Roy 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundInternationally adults with intellectual disability are largely cared for by their families, especially in low‐ to middle‐income countries (LAMIC). Compared to high‐income countries, little is known about their experiences in LAMIC such as South Africa.MethodsFocus group discussions were carried out with 37 family caregivers (FCGs) in the Cape Town metropole. These were transcribed and analysed thematically. Core categories were identified and validated through member checking.ResultsFamily caregivers showed strong commitment to care despite the heavy responsibility and burden of care that women especially experience. They recognize the limited personal growth opportunities for people with intellectual disability that increases the caregiving burden. FCGs identify supports and resources in the community that assist them with their care responsibilities but often feel let down by services.ConclusionsImproved family supports appropriate to the resources in LAMIC are needed especially when existing carers are no longer able to provide care.
High‐density linkage maps fail to detect any genetic component to sex determination in a Rana temporaria family
Authors: Brelsford A. , Rodrigues N. , Perrin N. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractSex chromosome differentiation in Rana temporaria varies strikingly among populations or families: whereas some males display well‐differentiated Y haplotypes at microsatellite markers on linkage group 2 (LG2), others are genetically undistinguishable from females. We analysed with RADseq markers one family from a Swiss lowland population with no differentiated sex chromosomes, and where sibship analyses had failed to detect any association between the phenotypic sex of progeny and parental haplotypes. Offspring were reared in a common tank in outdoor conditions and sexed at the froglet stage. We could map a total of 2177 SNPs (1123 in the mother, 1054 in the father), recovering in both adults 13 linkage groups (= chromosome pairs) that were strongly syntenic to Xenopus tropicalis despite > 200 My divergence. Sexes differed strikingly in the localization of crossovers, which were uniformly distributed in the female but limited to chromosome ends in the male. None of the 2177 markers showed significant association with offspring sex. Considering the very high power of our analysis, we conclude that sex determination was not genetic in this family; which factors determined sex remain to be investigated.
Reproducibility of Buccal Gingival Profile Using a Custom Pick‐Up Impression Technique: A 2‐Year Prospective Multicenter Study
Authors: Lops Diego , Bressan Eriberto , Cea Nicolò , Sbricoli Luca , Guazzo Riccardo , Scanferla Massimo , Romeo Eugenio 
Published: September 2015

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to transfer the provisional restoration emergence profile to the final implant‐supported restoration and to buccal gingival margin (BGM) stability after 2 years of function.Materials and MethodsA total of 33 patients were recruited for treatment of single gaps by means of 33 implant‐supported restorations. Fixed provisional crowns were screwed to the fixture and adjusted until the complete peri‐implant soft tissue maturation was achieved. After 12 weeks, a second fixture impression was taken by means of a pick‐up customization technique in order to transfer the clinical aspect of the peri‐implant soft tissues to the master cast. A definitive restoration was delivered. A standardized method from digital photographs was used to assess the gingival margin modification (BGM) from the provisional (P) to the definitive prosthesis installation at baseline (D0), and after 1 (D1) and 2 years (D2) of function. Also, marginal bone loss (MBL) was calculated after 1 (D1) and 2 years (D2) of definitive restoration function.ResultsThe BGM index at the time of the final restoration installation (D0) was 0.12 ± 0.33 mm if compared with the BGM position of the provisional restoration (P); it was of 0.12 ± 0.46 mm after 1‐year of follow‐up (D1) and of 0.31 ± 0.21 after 2 years of function (D2). No significant difference was calculated between measurements in different follow‐up visits (p > 0.05). No significant MBL was measured between the baseline (D0) and the 1‐year follow‐up (p = 0.816) with a mean MBL value of 0.2 ± 0.1 mm. Similar result was calculated after 2 years (p = 0.684) with a mean MBL value of 0.3 ± 0.2.ConclusionA modified impression pick‐up may be helpful to reproduce the gingival margin position from the provisional to the definitive restoration. Moreover, the gingival zenith position during the follow‐up period seemed to be stable.Clinical SignificanceThe modification of the standard impression pick‐up technique may contribute to reproducing a natural emergence profile of esthetic implant prosthetic restorations (from the provisional to the definitive restoration.) With this technique, implant soft tissues stability around CAD‐CAM (computer aided design – computer aided manufacturing) abutments can be easily obtained, and the customized abutment shape may better support the scalloped peri‐implant soft tissues architecture, especially in anterior areas.
Microwave‐Assisted Foam Mat Drying of Guava Pulp: Drying Kinetics and Effect on Quality Attributes
Authors: Qadri Ovais S. , Srivastava Abhaya K. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe present study investigated the drying kinetics and quality of microwave foam mat‐dried guava powder using 8% egg albumin as the foaming agent. The foamed guava pulp was dried at microwave power of 480, 560, 640, 720 and 800W; foam thickness of 3, 5 and 7 mm; and inlet air temperature of 40 and 50C. Weight loss was used to estimate change in drying rate with respect to time. Reduction in drying time was observed with increase in microwave power and decrease in foam thickness. Powdered samples were analyzed for various physicochemical quality parameters viz. acidity, pH, total soluble solids (TSS), color change and ascorbic acid content. Statistical analysis using three‐way analysis of variance revealed that sample of 5 mm foam thickness dried at 800W and 50C was the best with 0.3584% total acid, 3.98 pH, 14 min drying time, 8°Brix TSS, 3.263 color change and 154.762 mg/100 g ascorbic acid content.Practical ApplicationsThese experiments show that the efficiency of foam mat drying, which has been shown to produce food powders with better results in terms of drying time and quality attributes, can be further improved tremendously if microwave power is used for heat generation. The microwave‐assisted foam mat‐dried guava powder was produced in extremely less time resulting in better quality of the final product. This work is the first attempt to exploit this technology for drying of guava pulp and further research needs to be carried out so that this technology of drying is exploited at industrial level.
Effect of scaling and root planing with and without adjunctive use of an essential‐oil‐based oral rinse in the treatment of periodontal inflammation in type‐2 diabetic patients
Authors: Alshehri Mohammed , Alshail Faisal , Alshehri Fahad Ali 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAimThe aim was to assess the effect of scaling and root planing (SRP) with and without adjunctive use of an essential‐oil (EO)‐based oral rinse in the treatment of periodontal inflammation in type‐2 diabetic (T2D) patients.MethodsSixty T2D patients were included. In Group 1 (n = 30), SRP was performed and patients were instructed to rinse twice daily with EO‐based oral rinse for 30 days. In Group 2 (n = 30), SRP was performed and participants were instructed to rinse twice daily with water for 30 days. Periodontal parameters (plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), and probing pocket depth (PPD) ≥ 4 mm) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels were assessed at baseline and after 90 days.ResultsIn both groups, periodontal parameters were similar at baseline. After 90 days of follow‐up, there was a significant reduction in the severity of periodontal parameters in patients in Group 1 compared with Group 2. After 90 days of follow‐up, there was also a significant reduction in HbA1c among patients in Group 1 compared with Group 2.ConclusionsScaling and root planing with adjunct use of an EO‐based oral rinse is more effective in the treatment of periodontal inflammation in T2D patients than SRP alone. This approach also helps reduce hyperglycemia in T2D patients as compared with when SRP is performed alone.
A Metabolic Profile of Peru: An Application of Multi‐Scale Integrated Analysis of Societal and Ecosystem Metabolism (MuSIASEM) to the Mining Sector's Exosomatic Energy Flows
Authors: Silva‐Macher Jose Carlos 
Published: September 2015

SummaryThe present Peru's metabolic profile study poses the specific question, What are the long‐term national energy system implications of the recent government‐supported growth of the mining sector? The question is addressed by analyzing interactions between human economic activity (in hours) and electricity input flows (in joules) in the mining sector of the Peruvian economy in 2000 and 2010, with a projection for 2020. The methodology is based on the multi‐scale integrated analysis of societal and ecosystem metabolism (MuSIASEM), which is an application of Georgescu‐Roegen's bioeconomics approach. Empirical results found for the national economy show: (1) the massive increase in size of the energy system, which is explained by exploitation of the Camisea natural gas (NG) reserves, and (2) the potential for establishing a carbon lock‐in in the electricity sector, owing to increasing construction of electricity plants based on NG as their primary energy source. Empirical results specific to the mining sector indicate: (1) the extremely high electricity metabolic rate of the mining sector (61.6 megajoules per hour in 2010), which was found to be 11 times the rate of electricity used per hour of human activity in the building and manufacturing sector in Peru, and (b) the potential increases in the proportion of electricity used in the mining sector (flow share), which could jeopardize the availability of high‐quality primary energy supplies for the rest of society. In light of these implications, it is argued that the Peruvian government's strong support for growth of the mining sector may have to be reconsidered.
Removing noises caused by motion artefacts in microcirculation maps of human skin in vivo
Authors: CHEN C. , SHI W. , GAO W. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryThis paper presents a zero‐padding and cross‐correlation technique‐based correlation mapping optical coherence tomography (ZPCC‐cmOCT) to reconstruct microcirculation maps of human skin in vivo, which can remove the background decorrelation noise caused by motion artefacts. In conventional correlation mapping optical coherence tomography method, the correlation degree of static tissue may be lowered by the motion artefacts due to cardiac and respiratory motion, resulting in background decorrelation noise in microcirculation maps. In zero‐padding and cross‐correlation technique‐based correlation mapping optical coherence tomography method, structural images are first obtained by performing Fourier transform on zero‐padded interference fringes, and then cross‐correlation‐based image registration is utilized to align local areas in two adjacent structural images. Finally, correlation mapping optical coherence tomography method is performed to generate microcirculation maps. Both phantom experiments and in vivo experiments were implemented and the results demonstrate that the proposed method is capable of providing microcirculation maps with the background decorrelation noise removed.
Using heart rate to predict energy expenditure in large domestic dogs
Authors: Gerth N. , Ruoß C. , Dobenecker B. , Reese S. , Starck J. M. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryThe aim of this study was to establish heart rate as a measure of energy expenditure in large active kennel dogs (28 ± 3 kg bw). Therefore, the heart rate (HR)–oxygen consumption () relationship was analysed in Foxhound‐Boxer‐Ingelheim‐Labrador cross‐breds (FBI dogs) at rest and graded levels of exercise on a treadmill up to 60–65% of maximal aerobic capacity. To test for effects of training, HR and were measured in female dogs, before and after a training period, and after an adjacent training pause to test for reversibility of potential effects. Least squares regression was applied to describe the relationship between HR and . The applied training had no statistically significant effect on the HR– regression. A general regression line from all data collected was prepared to establish a general predictive equation for energy expenditure from HR in FBI dogs. The regression equation established in this study enables fast estimation of energy requirement for running activity. The equation is valid for large dogs weighing around 30 kg that run at ground level up to 15 km/h with a heart rate maximum of 190 bpm irrespective of the training level.