bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Common laryngopharyngeal reflux: A review
Authors: Chen Chieh , Liao Da-Ming 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Clinically, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is a chronic upper gastrointestinal disease characterized by persistent and regular flow of stomach content up into the esophagus, resulting in symptoms and/or complications. Further, if acid reflux symptoms are more apparent in the larynx or pharynx, then the disorder may be called laryngopharyngeal reflux disorder (LPRD). The reflux of such acid to soft tissues beyond the esophagus will cause damage, which may turn into a relatively serious condition, especially for those with laryngeal reflux. Traditionally, obesity has been known as a primary risk factor for GERD or LPRD and related complications. Many studies have reported the association between obesity, hiatus hernia, and various motility dysfunctions of the upper gastrointestinal tract in patients with LPRD. Somehow obesity predisposes to these conditions, or whether they merely coexist with LPRD remains to be elucidated and dissents exist. Previous studies often recommend longer treatment and higher doses of proton pump inhibitors (PPI) for general gastroesophageal reflux because the presence of gastric acid in the pharynx and larynx can damage the vocal cords. Patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux can feel the symptoms while sitting at rest, and those with GERD feel the symptoms when lying down. The stomach contents, including pepsin and gastric acid, are the culprits that cause major damage to the tissues. Bile salts from the gallbladder further worsen the injury. A high-risk population includes people with obesity and/or obstructive sleep apnea.
A comparative evaluation of internal and marginal fits of custom post and core fabricated using conventional and two digital techniques: An in vitro study
Authors: Sheth Vidhi Himanshu , Gharat Nikita , Bhatnagar Vishrut Mohan , Gill Shruti , Shah Naisargi P. 
Published: August 2024

Aim:
The purpose of this in vitro study was to comparatively evaluate the marginal and internal fits of cobalt–chromium metal custom post and core fabricated using a conventional technique with two digital techniques.

Settings and Design:
The study was designed in an in-vitro study setting.

Materials and Methods:
Five sets of custom post and core restorations were fabricated using the conventional (Group 1) and two semi digital methods (digital scanning of the resin pattern and computer aided additive manufacturing, and digital scanning of the silicone impression and subsequent computer aided designing [CAD] computer aided manufacturing fabrication) (Group 2 and 3). Marginal and internal fits of the posts were evaluated using a micro computed tomography scan at various points.

Statistical Analysis Used:
A one way ANOVA test of the scores was made to evaluate the effect of different methods of custom post and core fabrication on marginal and internal fits. Bonferroni adjusted post hoc tests were conducted for intergroup comparison.

Results:
Least marginal gap was reported in Group 3 (82.5 ± 14.36 μm) followed by Group 1 (110 ± 25.19 μm) and Group 2 (112.5 ± 26.75 μm). Least internal gap at cervical, middle and apical as well as overall values were observed in Group 3 (78 ± 9.25 μm, 72 ± 7.79 μm, 160 ± 15.81 μm, 103.3 ± 4.43 μm) followed by Group 1 (113.5 ± 25.35 μm, 132.5 ± 19.92 μm, 502 ± 74.63 μm, 249.3 ± 25.44 μm) and Group 2 (114.5 ± 21.68 μm, 133.5 ± 19.57 μm, 598 ± 87.86 μm, 282 ± 28.91 μm) respectively. The results of one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni adjusted post hoc tests for marginal gap did not show any statistically significant difference between the three groups (P > 0.05) but revealed statistically significant difference (P = 0.02) in internal gap values at the cervical, middle, and apical regions as well as overall internal gap region between the three groups.

Conclusions:
Better marginal and internal fits were observed in custom post and core fabricated by digital scanning of the silicone impression and subsequent CAD as compared to those fabricated by the other two groups.
A comparative analysis of mechanical and optical behavioral patterns of translucent zirconia ceramics
Authors: Sudharson Nishanth A. , Gandhi Nitasha , Talwar Harit , Kurian Nirmal , Joseph Meril 
Published: August 2024

Aim:
This research aimed to assess and compare the translucency and mechanical properties of partially stabilized zirconia in contrast to lithium disilicate, particularly within the context of translucent zirconia.

Settings and Design:
The experimental design entails examining fifty samples, with ten drawn from each of the five distinct categories of ceramic materials, as part of this in vitro study. Translucency is measured using the Konica Minolta CM-3600D spectrophotometer, assessing Delta E through Lab values against white and black backgrounds. Flexural strength is analyzed via a 3-point bend test on a universal testing machine, with a controlled crosshead speed set at 1 mm/min

Materials and Methods:
The study included the five categories of ceramic materials, each consisting of ten samples: High-strength zirconia (Katana HT), translucent zirconia (e.max Zircad MT and Cercon ht ML), and lithium disilicate (Press MT and LT). The Konica Minolta CM-3600D spectrophotometer is utilized to measure the translucency parameter. This involves determining the color difference (Delta E) by comparing the L*a*b values against both white and black backgrounds. The flexural strength (FS) of zirconia and lithium disilicate materials was analyzed through a 3-point bend test, aiming to compare their respective strengths. The testing procedure was carried out on a universal testing machine with a controlled crosshead speed set at 1 mm/min. The FS was calculated using the formula σ = FL/πR3 for circular disks, where σ represents the FS, F is the fracture load, L is the span length in millimeters, and R is the radius of the disk.

Statistical Analysis Used:
The Student's t-test was employed for statistical analysis.

Results:
The mean translucency parameter for e.max Press MT (6.33 ± 1.05) was significantly greater than all the specimens investigated. The Cercon ht ML exhibited a slightly higher translucency (2.18 ± 0.52) compared to e.max Zircad MT (1.49 ± 0.69), with a statistically significant difference (P = 0.022). Conversely, the FS of e.max Zircad MT (26.97 ± 2.06) was significantly greater (P < 0.001) than that of Cercon ht ML (23.25 ± 2.36). Notably, the Katana HT material demonstrated the highest load strength (32.92 ± 3.10), a statistically significant difference compared to its counterparts (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
Among the materials tested, lithium disilicate ceramics exhibited the highest translucency, with its MT variant demonstrating the lowest strength. Katana HT displayed significantly greater biaxial FS compared to translucent zirconia, surpassing even lithium disilicate. Translucent zirconia proved to be notably more translucent than high-strength zirconia. Within the category of translucent zirconia, e.max Zircad MT exhibited substantially higher FS than Cercon.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of accuracy between protrusive interocclusal record and horizontal condylar guidance angle recording methods in dentulous patients
Authors: Potdukhe Shruti S. , Iyer Janani M. , Nadgere Jyoti B. 
Published: August 2024

Aim:This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the accuracy of different methods used for measuring horizontal condylar guidance (HCG) angle in comparison with protrusive interocclusal record (IOR) for dentulous patients.Settings and Design:The design involves systematic review and meta-analysis following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis guidelines.Materials and Methods:An electronic search was carried out by two reviewers in the Google Scholar search engine and the EBSCO host, Cochrane Library, and PubMed/MEDLINE databases for quasi-experimental studies,in vivostudies, and cross-sectional studies published from January 2005 to February 2023 determining the HCG angle in dentulous patients.Statistical Analysis Used:Meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the quantitative data.Results:A total of 577 articles were identified, 29 analytical cross-sectional studies that fulfilled the eligibility criteria were included for qualitative synthesis and 26 studies were included for meta-analysis. A statistically significant difference was observed for the right and left HCG angles obtained by the panoramic radiograph method and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) method and for the right side HCG angle obtained by cephalogram method showing higher values than the protrusive IOR method. No statistically significant difference was observed for the left side HCG angle obtained by the cephalogram method and both the right and left side HCG angles obtained by the intraoral tracer method.Conclusions:The panoramic radiograph, cephalogram, and CBCT obtained higher HCG angles in dentulous patients than the protrusive IOR method.
Effect of calcium and Vitamin D supplementation on residual ridge resorption in edentulous patients: An open-label randomized study
Authors: Singh Saumyendra Vikram , Aggarwal Himanshi , Khandpur Mani , Trivedi Shilpa , Pathak Anupama , Arya Deeksha 
Published: August 2024

Aim:
Complete dentures (CDs) are fabricated to rehabilitate the edentulous. Severe residual ridge resorption (RRR) compromises CD functionality, adversely affecting function, appearance, systemic health, and quality of life.

Settings and Design:
The purpose of this study was to assess the benefit, if any, of calcium and Vitamin D supplementation on the rate of RRR. Retarding RRR would improve treatment prognosis and make CD fabrication less demanding.

Materials and Methods:
This longitudinal, parallel, open-label randomized study was conducted in the Department of Prosthodontics of the institute. One hundred and fifty edentulous subjects underwent bone mineral density (BMD) assessment followed by CD fabrication to measure RR height and width with computerized tomographic (CT) scans. Subjects were randomized to oral supplementation group – S, given combined Vitamin D and calcium daily, and nonsupplementation group – NS. Subjects from both the groups were followed up with repeat BMD test and CT scan after 12 months. Mean BMD, RR height and width, and RRR values were collected, analyzed, and compared for the two groups using STATA 17.

Statistical Analysis Used and Results:
Baseline mean T-score, RR height, and RR width were − 1.84, 22.30 mm, and 4.25 mm, respectively, for the sample. In both Groups S and NS, a statistically significant decrease in mandibular RR height (P = 0.000 for both) and width (P = 0.027 and 0.003, respectively) was observed at 1-year follow-up. There was a statistically insignificant difference between Groups S and NS for mean BMD, T-score, RR height and width, and RRR at both baseline and 12-month follow-up. One-year RRR rate for Group S (1.30 mm) was insignificantly lesser than for group NS (1.33 mm).

Conclusion:
Short-term oral calcium and Vitamin D supplementation was ineffective in reducing RRR and improving BMD.
Insecticide resistance status and bar-codingof dengue vectors in three districts of Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Anbalagan Rajalakshmi , Srivastava P K , Baruah Kalpana , Krishnan Jayalakshmi 
Published: August 2024

Background and objectives:
Occurrence and distribution of vector population are crucial for entomological study in context of prevention, control and elimination of vector-borne diseases. To update some entomological aspects in three districts of Tamil Nadu state namely Kumbakonam, Nagapattinam and Thriuvarur districts, the study was undertaken. The objective of the study was to understand the prevalence of mosquitoes; to assess insecticide resistance and phylogenetic analysis of dengue vectors [Aedes (Ae.) aegypti and Ae.albopictus].

Methods:
The immature stages of mosquitoes were collected from different localities by standard WHO methods marking with GPS and mapping was done using ArcGIS 10.4 software for all three districts. Insecticide resistance test was conducted using WHO susceptibility test kits. The F1 generation of female adult mosquitoes of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus were exposed to DDT 4% and Malathion 5% with the control paper of Risella oil and olive oil respectively. Further, genomic DNA of individual mosquito was isolated, and the sequencingwas done through Eurofins, Bangalore, India. The FASTA sequence was analyzed and the phylogenic tree was constructed using the Maximum likelihood method in Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software (version 10.0).

Results:
A totally 5307 specimens were collected through expanded survey in all three study areas. The collection yielded 16 species from six genera of mosquitoes. In total collection, the Ae. albopictus was the dominant species in Kumbakonam and Thiruvarur districts and Ae. aegypti was dominant in Nagapattinam district. The predominant breeding sources were discarded tyre with rainwater, plastic cups, coconut shells, aluminum vessels, sliver containers, bottles, grinding stones and earthen pots etc. The study revealed high pupal indices in all three study areas. Insecticide resistance monitoring revealed possible resistance in Ae. aegypti against DDT in all three districts whereas against Malathion, possible resistance was recorded in Kumbakonam and Nagapattinam and in Thiruvarur district, the species was found to be susceptible. Ae. albopictus showed resistance against DDT in all three districts but susceptible to Malathion. The sequences obtained for Dengue vectors showed 99% similar with Genbank. The phylogenetic tree was constructed using COI region sequences. Certainly, observed the different genetic relationship among Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus between the study areas.

Interpretation & conclusion:
The study confirmed the presence of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus in all three districts. The study further revealed that these vectors are susceptible to Malathion but resistance to DDT. The continue surveillance of dengue vector and monitoring of insecticide resistance will strengthen the control programme for appropriate vector control measurements.
Estimation of inflammatory cytokines in maternal serum for assessing the outcome of threatened miscarriage
Authors: Lawal Hakeem A , Obajimi Gbolahan O , Bello Yusuf O , Onifade Abdul Fatai , Jimoh Muideen A , Arowojolu Ayodele O , Morhason-Bello Imran O 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objectives:
This study investigates the use of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in predicting the outcome of pregnancy complicated by threatened miscarriage.

Materials and Methods:
Of the 140 eligible pregnant women recruited for the study, maternal serum levels of selected inflammatory cytokines (IL-2, IFNγ, IL-4, and IL-13) for 70 women with threatened miscarriage were analysed for this study. Serum concentrations were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Inevitable miscarriage or ongoing pregnancy was used as the outcome, whereas serum levels of selected inflammatory cytokines, women’s sociodemographic characteristics, gynaecologic history, and clinical history were used as the explanatory variables. The Student’s t test was used to compare the cytokine profiles between women with inevitable miscarriages and women with normal ongoing pregnancy after 13 weeks of gestation. Poisson regression models were performed to investigate the factors associated with inevitable miscarriage.

Results:
The result revealed significantly higher pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-2 (P < 0.001), and IFNγ (P < 0.001) in women with a pregnancy that resulted in an inevitable miscarriage than in those that resulted in an ongoing pregnancy. The incidence rate of inevitable miscarriage increased by 16% (IRR = 1.16, 95% CI: 0.58–2.32) for a unit increase in IL-2 and by 25% (IRR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.09–1.43) when adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, gynaecology, and clinical history.

Conclusion:
The IL-2 was the best biomarker for predicting the outcome of threatened pregnancy with a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 70% at 1.30 pg/mL cut-off point.
Acute abdomen secondary to ovarian tumour incarcerated in an umbilical hernia: A case report
Authors: Duromola Kehinde Micheal , Yahya Anisah , Raymond Umoru Odoje , Lawal Bilkisu Kankia , Kolawole Abimbola Omolara , Oguntayo Adekunle Olarenwaju , Mustapha Aisha 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Acute abdomen due to incarcerated umbilical hernia is a surgical emergency. Acute abdomen secondary to gynaecological conditions is not uncommon. However, acute abdomen due to incarceration of a gynaecological tumour in an umbilical hernia is rare. A 25-year-old nullipara was admitted to the accident and emergency unit with a history of recurrent lower abdominal pain and abdominal swelling for 4 weeks. Pain worsened within the last 24 h necessitating presentation. Examination revealed a low-grade pyrexia, tachypnoea, an umbilical swelling with generalised abdominal tenderness, and a pelvic mass more in the right iliac fossa. Bedside abdomino-pelvic ultrasound scan confirmed bilateral adnexal masses with features suggestive of mature teratoma. A diagnosis of acute abdomen secondary to ovarian tumour accident was made. An emergency exploratory laparotomy revealed a huge right ovarian tumour incarcerated in an umbilical hernia. She had bilateral ovarian cystectomy and herniorrhaphy. Gynaecological tumours presenting as incarcerated or strangulated hernias are extremely rare but can be a cause of acute abdomen in women.
Quantitative trait loci for yield and yield-associated traits in chickpea under	drought stress
Authors: Kosgei A.J. 
Published: August 2024

Crop yield is a complex phenomenon, controlled by several genes, each contributing to the overall phenotypic expression; which is affected by environment and genotype x environment interactions. Identifying and mapping quantitative trait loci (QTLs), make tracing these traits during breeding possible and easy. The objective of this study was to identify QTLs associated with chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) grain yield and its associated traits, under drought stress. The experiment was conducted using 188 F3:5 genotypes from ICCV 05107 x ICCV 94954 crosses. Genotypic data were from 49 polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers; while phenotypic data were obtained from a field evaluation designed in a 19 x 10 alpha lattice. The study was replicated thrice on three sites, namely at Koibatek Agricultural Training Centre, Muserech; and at the Kenya Agricultural Research and Livestock Organisation, Marigat. Eight QTLs were mapped on a linkage map spanning a total length of 335.04 cM, with varying phenotypic variation expression (PVE%). These QTLs include, one each for days to maturity, 100-seed weight, and two each for above-ground biomass, harvest index, and grain yield. Five major QTLs having PVE ranging from 10.37 to 32.39%, were identified for days to maturity, 100-seed weight above-ground biomass, harvest index (HI), and grain yield. Four of the eight QTLs were mapped on linkage group 4 (LG4); days to maturity, 2 for above-ground biomass, and grain yield. The QTLs mapped are useful in genomic-assisted breeding for chickpea yield improvement. However, there is a need for marker saturation on LGs and specific genes identified for effective marker-assisted breeding.
Edukasi Peningkatan Kemandirian Keluarga Pasien TB di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Paguyaman Kabupaten Boalemo
Authors: Sudirman Andi Nur Aina , Febriona Rona , Pakai Zulha J.A , Bagu Novita R 
Published: August 2024

Kejadian TB paru salah satunya dipengaruhi oleh lingkungan. Maka dari itu, pemilihan model keperawatan yang sesuai dengan situasi pasien TB paru. Berbagai model teori keperawatan, salah satunya yaitu model teori keperawatan Florence Nightingale yang dikenal dengan environmental theory dimana dalam teori ini pasien dipandang dalam konteks lingkungan secara keseluruhan di dalam perawatan orang sakit baik dari lingkungan fisik, lingkungan psikologis dan lingkungan sosial. Tujuan dari pengabdian ini untuk mengetahui memberikan edukasi peningkatan kemandirian keluarga pasien TB dengan menggunakan teori Florence nightingale di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Paguyaman. Hasil dari pengabdian ini didapatkan kemandirian keluarga sebelum penerapan teori Florence Nightingale pada keluarga pasien TB mayoritas tidak mandiri sebanyak 9 responden (60%) dan setelah penerapan teori Florence Nightingale pada keluarga pasien TB di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Paguyaman seluruhnya memiliki keluarga mandiri tingkat IV sebanyak 15 responden (100%).
PEMANFAATAN SISTEM PAKAR PADA MASALAH IBU MENYUSUI MENGGUNAKAN METODE FORWARD CHAININGPADA KLINIK BIDAN Z
Authors: Effendi Rustam , Efendi Yasin , Winasis Persis Haryo , Putri Annisa Hartayanti 
Published: August 2024

Failure in the breastfeeding process is often caused by several problems, both in the mother and the baby. Often mothers do not know what the problem is and how to solve it. By using the forward chaining method this expert system was built to help provide an initial diagnosis of the problem of breastfeeding mothers. From this expert system can be obtained information about the problem, its definition, symptoms, and initial solution before going to the nearest health worker. Based on the results of using the forward chaining method, this expert system is able to conclude the problem faced based on the symptoms experienced by breastfeeding mothers and provide information on the initial treatment that can be done.

Keywords: expert system, forward chaming, breast milk, breastfeeding, diagnosis
Design and analysis of Aluminum Metal Matrix (Al-Cu) + Fly ash Material and comparison with pure Aluminum
Authors: Ranjeetsinh R. Gidde  , Kamesh N. Bnagale  
Published: August 2024

This research offers an analysis of the Aluminum matrix (Al-Cu) and the addition of fly ash with different combinations such as 0%, 1%, 2%, 3% & 4% of aluminum. Now a day’s application of composites spreads widely as it fulfills the need of applications such as aerospace industries, shipbuilding, propeller shafts, transportation, etc. All above-mentioned applications need a high weight-to-strength ratio, hence conventional materials like steel, and cast iron need to be replaced by composite materials such as aluminum matrix. Wear resistance of material and tensile strength shows the usefulness of composites over ordinary materials. Aluminum matrix with different combinations of fly ash is analyzed in this project. Chemical composition of the composite matrix, wear of the composite matrix, and tensile strength of the composite matrix (Al-cu + different combinations of fly ash) is measured. The wear test of different combinations of the aluminum matrix is tested on the wear test setup and compared different combinations of fly ash reinforcement of 0%, 1%, 2%, 3% & 4%. The tensile strength of the Aluminum matrix is measured on a universal testing machine and this measured tensile strength is compared with a standard tensile strength of pure Aluminium.