bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Merkel cell carcinoma challenge
Authors: Bechert Charles J. , Schnadig Vicki , Nawgiri Ranjana 
Published: December 2012

AbstractMerkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a highly aggressive neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin that occurs primarily in elderly or immunocompromised patients. For this report, the authors reviewed the diagnostic challenges associated with MCC encountered on their fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) service and also conducted an in‐depth review of the literature on MCC. A computer search for patients who were diagnosed with MCC by FNA at the authors' institution from 2006 to 2010 was conducted, and 5 patients were selected for cytologic and immunochemical analyses based on their varied and diagnostically challenging clinical presentations. The 5 selected patients had clinical findings commonly associated with MCC, including advanced age (4 of the 5 patients were ages 75‐85 years) and a history of previous malignancies (3 of the 5 patients had a history of previous malignancy), and 1 patient was diagnosed with a concomitant low‐grade lymphoma. The patients and their disease illustrated the protean clinical presentation of MCC and the clinical and cytologic challenges associated with this neoplasm. The current findings indicate the need for cytopathologists to be aware of the deceptive presentation of this neoplasm and its cytologic and immunochemical features to correctly diagnose this insidious neoplasm. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2013;121:179–188. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Subclassification of lymphoproliferative disorders in serous effusions
Authors: Tong Leung Chu , Ko Hyang‐Mi , Saieg Mauro Ajaj , Boerner Scott , Geddie William R. , da Cunha Santos Gilda 
Published: December 2012

BACKGROUNDRare studies have reported the application of multiple ancillary tests to the diagnosis of lymphoproliferative disorder in serous effusions. In the current study, the authors evaluated the effectiveness of using an algorithm for the triage of serous effusions and the contribution of ancillary studies to achieve a specific subtype of lymphoproliferative disorder.METHODSSerous effusion samples that had a final diagnosis of lymphoproliferative disorder or suspicious for lymphoma were selected from cases that were diagnosed between 2001 and 2010. Data were collected on patient and sample characteristics as well as results from immunophenotype and molecular studies.RESULTSIn total, 168 serous effusions were identified from 110 patients. The most common site of involvement was the pleural cavity (n = 133) followed by the peritoneal cavity (n = 30) and pericardial cavity (n = 5). The volume of serous effusions ranged from 2 mL to 1000 mL (mean, 238 mL). In 42 patients (38.2%), serous effusions were the primary source of diagnosis. In 129 patients who had a diagnosis of LPD, either generic (n = 82) or specific (n = 47) ancillary tests were performed as a single test in 58 samples (67.4%) or as a combination of multiple studies in 19 samples (23.2%). Immunophenotyping was successful in almost all samples that had a specific subtype with 16 B‐cell and 4 T‐cell lymphomas being diagnosed. More samples with a specific subtype of lymphoma underwent molecular tests compared with those who had a generic diagnosis (19.1% vs 13.4%).CONCLUSIONSSuccessful, specific subtyping of lymphoproliferative disorders was achieved in approximately 33% of cases that were tested for ancillary studies following an approach for the triage and aliquoting of serous effusion samples. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2013;121:261–70. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Can we prevent beta cell apoptosis in type 2 diabetes?
Authors: Eliaschewitz Freddy Goldberg , Tambascia Marcos Antonio 
Published: December 2012

AbstractSince the publication of the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS), the progressive nature of type 2 (DM2) diabetes has been identified as the main cause of failure to maintain a long term glycemic control.[1] The need to adjust treatment as the disease progressed was recognized and algorithms for treatments in line with this concept were developed.[2]The UKPDS showed that the progressive character of the disease results from a steady reduction, of approximately 5% per year, in the ability of beta cells to secrete insulin, a process estimated to begin 10 to 12 years before diagnosis, which triggers the onset of diabetes when approximately 50% of beta cell function has been lost. [1] Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of Tags and Labels on the Performance of Enzyme‐Amplified Electrochemical Genomagnetic Assays
Authors: González‐Álvarez María José , Pérez‐Ruiz Elena , Miranda‐Castro Rebeca , de‐los‐Santos‐Álvarez Noemí , Miranda‐Ordieres Arturo J. , Lobo‐Castañón María Jesús 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA magnetic microsphere‐based hybridization assay for the electrochemical detection of pathogen‐specific DNA sequences is reported. Enzyme‐linked sandwich hybridization assays with different tags (biotin, fluorescein or digoxigenin) and enzyme conjugates (streptavidin‐alkaline phosphatase, streptavidin‐peroxidase, antifluorescein‐peroxidase or antidigoxigenin‐peroxidase) are comparatively evaluated. Sensitivity and limit of detection depend on both the choice of the enzyme and the tag. The highest sensitivity and lowest limit of detection were obtained when antibody Fab fragments conjugated to peroxidase were used as reporter molecule. The digoxigenin system yields the lowest detection limit, mainly due to producing much lower background signals.
Genetic characterization of Italian tomato varieties and their traceability in tomato food products
Authors: Sardaro Maria Luisa Savo , Marmiroli Marta , Maestri Elena , Marmiroli Nelson 
Published: December 2012

AbstractGenetic diversity underlies the improvement of crops by plant breeding. Landraces of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) can contain valuable alleles not common in modern germplasms. The aim was to measure genetic diversity present in 47 most common tomato varieties grown in Italy, 35 were varieties used for processing and 12 were landraces considered “salad varieties”. Furthermore, we demonstrated the possibility that the variety traceability can be extended through the entire production chain. Diversity was measured using 11 microsatellite markers and 94 genotypes. Among the markers used, a total of 48 alleles were detected. A dendrogram based on total microsatellite polymorphism grouped 47 varieties into three major clusters at 0.75 similarity coefficient, differentiating the modern varieties from tomatoes landraces. The DNA markers developed confirmed the possibility to support the genotype identification all along the tomato production chain. The number of alleles and genotypes identified in the present work is the largest considering papers on food traceability.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure Study of Diethyl Aryl(benzo[d]thiazol‐2‐ylamino)methyl Phosphonates
Authors: Lashkari Mojtaba , Hazeri Nourallah , Maghsoodlou Malek Taher , Khorassani Sayyed Mostafa Habibi , Torbati Niloufar Akbarzadeh , Hosseinian Asghar , García‐Granda Santiago , Torre‐Fernández Laura 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTA three‐component synthesis of α‐aminophosphonate is described from a reaction between aldehydes, 2‐aminobenzothiazole, and triethyl phosphite in the presence of InCl3 as a catalyst under solvent‐free conditions for the generation of the particular α‐aminophosphonates. These products have two potentially biologically active parts, aminophosphonate and benzothiazole. This method offers advantages such as short reaction times, good yields, solvent‐free conditions, and easy workup with the green aspects by avoiding toxic catalysts and solvents. The crystal structure of 4b has been determined by X‐ray crystallography. This compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c with cell parameters a = 21.9285(5) Å, b = 10.3221(2) Å, c = 18.5979(5) Å, β = 108.759(3)°, V = 3985.99(18) Å3, Dcalc = 1.301 mg m−3, and Z = 8. The final R value is 0.0501 for 3741 reflections. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 24:58–65, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.21063
Management characteristics of successful public health programs: “Avahan” HIV prevention program in India
Authors: Mabuchi Shunsuke , Singh Suneeta , Bishnu Rituparna , Bennett Sara 
Published: December 2012

SUMMARYObjectivesThis paper analyzes Avahan, an HIV prevention program in India, that achieved very rapid scale‐up. The paper aims to (i) define the distinctive features of the management of Avahan, (ii) examine how the distinctive features relate to key constructs in management frameworks and (iii) investigate how the management approaches of Avahan contributed to the program's ability to scale‐up rapidly while maintaining service quality.Design, setting and participantsThe Delphi method was used to identify the distinctive features of Avahan. Through three rounds of questions, 38 participants closely associated with Avahan were asked to identify and develop consensus on its distinctive features. These features were then mapped against the Baldrige Health Care Criteria for Performance Excellence to investigate how they related to important dimensions of management.ResultsA total of 17 distinctive features of Avahan were identified. These distinctive features emphasized the importance of data use and performance monitoring at all levels, especially combined with a flexible management style that facilitated local responsiveness to community, innovation and learning. The distinctive features comprehensively addressed the criteria for management excellence in the Baldridge framework.ConclusionsIn the case of Avahan, the rigorous application of known management techniques to public health programs appears to have been an important factor in the successful scale‐up of the program. Also, the Baldrige criteria seem applicable to health programs in low‐income and middle‐income countries; further applications would help test their robustness and utility in such contexts. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Local effect of IL‐4 delivery on polyethylene particle induced osteolysis in the murine calvarium
Authors: Rao Allison J. , Nich Christophe , Dhulipala Lakshmi S. , Gibon Emmanuel , Valladares Roberto , Zwingenberger Stefan , Smith R. Lane , Goodman Stuart B. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractWear particles generated with use of total joint replacements incite a chronic macrophage‐mediated inflammatory reaction, which leads to implant failure. Macrophage activation may be polarized into two states, with an M1 proinflammatory state dominating an alternatively activated M2 anti‐inflammatory state. We hypothesized that IL‐4, an activator of M2 macrophages, could modulate polyethylene (PE) particle‐induced osteolysis in an experimental murine model. Four animal groups included (a) calvarial saline injection with harvest at 14 days (b) single calvarial injection of PE particles subcutaneously (SC) without IL‐4 (c) PE particles placed as in (b), then IL‐4 given SC for 14 consecutive days and (d) PE particles as in (b) then IL‐4 beginning 7 days after particle injection for 7 days. The calvarial bone volume to total tissue volume was measured using microCT and histomorphometry. Calvaria were cultured for 24 h to assess release of RANKL, OPG, TNF‐α, and IL‐1ra and isolation and identification of M1 and M2 specific proteins. MicroCT and histomorphometric analysis showed that bone loss was significantly decreased following IL‐4 administration to PE treated calvaria for both 7 and 14 days. Western blot analysis showed an increased M1/M2 ratio in the PE treated calvaria, which decreased with addition of IL‐4. Cytokine analysis showed that the RANKL/OPG ratio and TNF‐α/IL‐1ra ratio decreased in PE‐treated calvaria following IL‐4 addition for 14 days. IL‐4 delivery mitigated PE particle‐induced osteolysis through macrophage polarization. Modulation of macrophage polarization is a potential treatment strategy for wear particle induced periprosthetic osteolysis. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2013.
Retracted: αTCP ceramic doped with dicalcium silicate for bone regeneration applications prepared by powder metallurgy method: In vitro and in vivo studies
Authors: Velasquez Pablo , Luklinska Zofia B. , Meseguer‐Olmo Luis , Mate‐Sanchez de Val Jose E. , Delgado‐Ruiz Rafael A. , Calvo‐Guirado Jose L. , Ramirez‐Fernandez Ma. P. , de Aza Piedad N. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis study reports on the in vitro and in vivo behavior of α‐tricalcium phosphate (αTCP) and also αTCP doped with either 1.5 or 3.0 wt % of dicalcium silicate (C2S). The ceramics were successfully prepared by powder metallurgy method combined with homogenization and heat treatment procedures. All materials were composed of a single‐phase, αTCP in the case of a pure material, or solid solution of C2S in αTCP for the doped αTCP, which were stable at room temperature. The ceramics were tested for bioactivity in simulated body fluid, cell culture medium containing adult mesenchymal stem cells of human origin, and in animals. Analytical scanning electron microscopy combined with chemical elemental analysis was used and Fourier transform infrared and conventional histology methods. The in vivo behavior of the ceramics matched the in vitro results, independently of the C2S content in αTCP. Carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA) layer was formed on the surface and within the inner parts of the specimens in all cases. A fully mineralized new bone growing in direct contact with the implants was found under the in vivo conditions. The bioactivity and biocompatibility of the implants increased with the C2S content in αTCP. The C2S doped ceramics also favoured a phase transformation of αTCP into CHA, important for full implant integration during the natural bone healing processes. αTCP ceramic doped with 3.0 wt % C2S showed the best bioactive in vitro and in vivo properties of all the compositions and hence could be of interest in specific applications for bone restorative purposes. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2013.
Probing the Interaction of Mutiwalled Carbon Nanotubes and Catalase: Mutispectroscopic Approach
Authors: Xu Meihong , Sheng Zhonghua , Lu Wenyu , Dai Tianchun , Hou Cailing 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTIn this study, the mechanism of the interaction between multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and catalase was investigated by fluorescence, UV–vis, and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy under physiological conditions. The fluorescence quenching mechanism of catalase by MWCNTs was shown to be a static quenching procedure and was a result of the formation of a catalase–MWCNT complex. The secondary structure and conformation of the catalase adsorbed on MWCNTs was determined by CD and UV‐vis spectroscopy, and the results indicate that the catalase in this complex is partially unfolded with its lost in α‐helical content and obtainment in β‐sheet content. Moreover, binding of MWCNTs to catalase inhibited the enzymatic activity, which may trigger some toxic effects and undesirable physiological consequences. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 26:493‐498, 2012;Viewthis article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/jbt.21454
Preventive Effects of (–) Epicatechin on Altered Adenosine Triphosphatases and Minerals in Isoproterenol‐Induced Myocardial Infarcted Rats
Authors: Stanely Mainzen Prince P. 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTThe present study was aimed to evaluate the preventive effects of (–) epicatechin on alterations in the activities/levels of adenosine triphosphatases and minerals in isoproterenol‐induced myocardial infarcted rats. Male albino Wistar rats were pretreated with (–) epicatechin (20 mg/kg body weight) daily for a period of 21 days. After the pretreatment period, rats were induced myocardial infarction by isoproterenol (100 mg/kg body weight) on 22nd and 23rd day. The activity of sodium/potassium‐dependent adenosine triphosphatase was decreased, and the activities of calcium‐ and magnesium‐dependent adenosine triphosphatases were increased in the heart of isoproterenol‐induced myocardial infarcted rats. In addition, the concentrations of potassium were decreased and the concentrations of sodium and calcium were increased in the heart of isoproterenol‐induced rats. Elevated plasma lipid peroxidation was noted in isoproterenol‐induced rats. Prior treatment with (–) epicatechin significantly prevented the alterations in the activities and concentrations of adenosine triphosphatases, minerals, and plasma lipid peroxidation. The in vitro study confirmed the reducing property of (–) epicatechin. The observed effects in this study are attributed to the membrane‐stabilizing and antioxidant properties of (–) epicatechin. The findings of this study will be beneficial to prevent the occurrence of myocardial infarction. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 26:516‐521, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/jbt.21461
Neural stem cells—trends and advances
Authors: English Denis , Sharma Neel K. , Sharma Kaushal , Anand Akshay 
Published: December 2012

AbstractFor many years, accepted dogma held that brain is a static organ with no possibility of regeneration of cells in injured or diseased human brain. However, recent preclinical reports have shown regenerative potential of neural stem cells using various injury models. This has resulted in renewed hope for those suffering from spinal cord injury and neural damage. As the potential of stem cell therapy gained impact, these claims, in particular, led to widespread enthusiasm that acute and chronic injury of the nervous system would soon be a problem of the past. The devastation caused by injury or diseases of the brain and spinal cord led to wide premature acceptance that “neural stem cells (NSCs)” derived from embryonic, fetal or adult sources would soon be effective in reversing neural and spinal trauma. However, neural therapy with stem cells has not been realized to its fullest extent. Although, discrete population of regenerative stem cells seems to be present in specific areas of human brain, the function of these cells is unclear. However, similar cells in animals seem to play important role in postnatal growth as well as recovery of neural tissue from injury, anoxia, or disease. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 764–772, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Microstructure Control: An Underestimated Parameter in Recent Polymer Design
Authors: Badi Nezha , Chan‐Seng Delphine , Lutz Jean‐François 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe present trend article analyzes recent progress in synthetic polymer chemistry. In particular, it emphasizes the importance of microstructural parameters such as stereoregularity and monomer sequences in polymer design allowing the preparation of highly complex ordered structures. This message is illustrated herein by examples from our laboratory and recent literature. Microstructures with different levels of complexity are presented and discussed. For instance, simple strategies such as random copolymerization of functional monomers are still relevant in current polymer chemistry. More complex microstructures such as gradient, periodic, or regulated sequence patterns are also examined.
The inhibition of early stages of HER‐2/neu‐mediated mammary carcinogenesis by dietary n‐3 PUFAs
Authors: Yee Lisa D. , Agarwal Deepak , Rosol Thomas J. , Lehman Amy , Tian Min , Hatton Jennifer , Heestand Jessica , Belury Martha A. , Clinton Steven K. 
Published: December 2012

ScopeWe previously demonstrated that lifelong feeding of diets enriched in n‐3 fatty acids such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) significantly inhibits HER‐2/neu‐mediated mammary tumorigenesis in mice. Of interest is whether dietary n‐3 fatty acids exert effects at early stages of mammary carcinogenesis.Methods and resultsSeven‐week‐old female MMTV‐HER‐2/neu transgenic mice were randomized to AIN‐based semipurified diets containing either fish or corn oil at 25% energy. Mice were evaluated at 25, 30, and 35 weeks with analysis of mammary glands for atypical ductal hyperplasia (hematoxylin and eosin), cell proliferation (Ki67 immunostaining), and fatty acid synthase and cyclooxygenase‐2 gene expression (qRT‐PCR). Tissue fatty acid profiles were quantitated by GC. Atypia grade decreased significantly in mice fed fish oil (p = 0.002). Mammary epithelial cells in mammary glands from mice fed fish oil also had an eightfold lower percentage of Ki67 expression. COX‐2 expression in mammary fat‐pads significantly decreased in mice fed fish versus corn oil enriched diets.ConclusionDietary fish oil inhibits atypical ductal hyperplasia at early stages of HER‐2/neu‐mediated mammary carcinogenesis relative to corn oil diets. This histologic change is associated with suppression of mammary epithelial cell proliferation and decreased COX‐2 expression in mammary tissue.
Synthesis and photoresponsive behavior of azobenzene‐containing side‐chain liquid crystalline diblock polymers with polypeptide block
Authors: He Xiaohua , Gao Chunyan , Sun Wuqiong , Huang Wei , Lin Shaoliang , Yan Deyue 
Published: December 2012

AbstractWell‐defined azobenzene‐containing side‐chain liquid crystalline diblock copolymers composed of poly[6‐(4‐methoxy‐azobenzene‐4′‐oxy) hexyl methacrylate] (PMMAZO) and poly(γ‐benzyl‐L‐glutamate) (PBLG) were synthesized by click reaction from alkyne‐ and azide‐functionalized homopolymers. The alkyne‐terminated PMMAZO homopolymers were synthesized by copper‐mediated atom transfer radical polymerization with a bromine‐containing alkyne bifunctional initiator, and the azido‐terminated PBLG homopolymers were synthesized by ring‐opening polymerization of γ‐benzyl‐L‐glutamate‐N‐carboxyanhydride in DMF at room temperature using an amine‐containing azide initiator. The thermotropic phase behavior of PMMAZO‐b‐PBLG diblock copolymers in bulk were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry and polarized light microscopy. The PMMAZO‐b‐PBLG diblock copolymers exhibited a smectic phase and a nematic phase when the weight fraction of PMMAZO block was more than 50%. Photoisomerization behavior of PMMAZO‐b‐PBLG diblock copolymers and the corresponding PMMAZO homopolymers in solid film and in solution were investigated using UV–vis. In solution, trans–cis isomerization of diblock copolymers was slower than that of the corresponding PMMAZO homopolymers. These results may provide guidelines for the design of effective photoresponsive anisotropic materials. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
Mechanical stress control in GaN films on sapphire substrate via patterned nanocolumn interlayer formation
Authors: Artemiev Dmitry , Bougrov Vladislav , Odnoblyudov Maxim , Romanov Alexey 
Published: December 2012

AbstractReduction of mechanical stress generated in GaN films is an important issue for production high quality templates for manufacturing more efficient light emitting diodes. One of the techniques to reduce such stress is a patterned nanocolumn interlayer formation at the vicinity of GaN/sapphire interface with the following GaN overgrowth. The aim of the present research is to prove the effectiveness of the described method in stress reduction and to find out the optimal configuration for patterned nanocolumn interlayer. Another aspect of the study is to investigate a possibility of self‐separation of the overgrown GaN layer by nanocolumns cracking while cooling. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)