bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relocating attitudes as components of representational profiles: Mapping the epidemiology of bicultural policy attitudes using latent class analysis
Authors: Sibley Chris G. , Liu James H. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe apply latent class analysis (LCA) to build typologies of response profiles underlying variation in attitudes. LCA is directly suited for identifying categories of people who have distinct representational profiles, that is, discretely measureable patterns of attitudes that are bound together by a common system of interpretation used by the group to make sense of and communicate about a social object within a social context. This novel application extends social representations theory and provides a way to simultaneously examine the relevant content of important representations and their prevalence across a priori social categories and demographics within a given society. We identify four distinct representational profiles underlying bicultural policy attitudes in a nationally representative New Zealand sample (N = 6150). We map the prevalence of these four profiles across the population, show how they vary demographically across indicators of social class, immigration status, and ethnicity, and predict distinct patterns of voting behavior, political party support, social identification, and in‐group and out‐group attitudes. Guidelines for the use of LCA in the study of social representations are discussed, including a three‐step model of the following: (i) profile prediction and derivation; (ii) profile validation; and (iii) prevalence mapping of profile distributions across strata within the population. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Barium‐Free Sealing Materials for High Chromium Containing Alloys
Authors: Suffner J. , Dahlmann U. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe key‐requirements for glass ceramic sealing materials to achieve high efficiencies in planar solid oxide fuel cells are leak tightness, high insulating resistance, and low reactivity in contact with the anode or cathode gases and the interconnect material. Therefore SCHOTT has developed special glasses and glass‐ceramics for chromium alloys, like Cr5FeY (CFY, Plansee SE). Especially the CFY material requires adapted sealing materials due to its lower coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) compared to ferritic stainless steels and the possibility for interface reactions originating from the high chromium content and the glass seal components. In this study, new glass‐ceramic sealing materials for chromium containing alloys are presented. Results show that barium‐free glass‐ceramics are advantageous when sealing high chromium alloys in terms of interface reactions. Because of the absence of barium oxide, formation of detrimental chromate phases at the interface was avoided. The new glasses show low porosity, high hermeticity, and strong bonding toward the CFY material, fulfilling the requirements of SOFC sealants.
Mass loss of Greenland's glaciers and ice caps 2003–2008 revealed from ICESat laser altimetry data
Authors: Bolch T. , Sandberg Sørensen L. , Simonsen S. B. , Mölg N. , Machguth H. , Rastner P. , Paul F. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe recently finalized inventory of Greenland's glaciers and ice caps (GIC) allows for the first time to determine the mass changes of the GIC separately from the ice sheet using space‐borne laser altimetry data. Corrections for firn compaction and density that are based on climatic conditions are applied for the conversion from volume to mass changes. The GIC which are clearly separable from the icesheet (i.e., have a distinct ice divide or no connection) lost 27.9 ± 10.7 Gt a−1 or 0.08 ± 0.03 mm a−1 sea‐level equivalent (SLE) between October 2003 and March 2008. All GIC (including those with strong but hydrologically separable connections) lost 40.9 ± 16.5 Gt a−1 (0.12 ± 0.05 mm a−1 SLE). This is a significant fraction (~14 or 20%) of the reported overall mass loss of Greenland and up to 10% of the estimated contribution from the world's GIC to sea level rise. The loss was highest in southeastern and lowest in northern Greenland.
Synthesis and Spectroscopic Characterization of New Double‐Armed Benzo‐15‐Crown‐5 Derivatives and Their Sodium Complexes
Authors: Sahin Onur , Hayvalı Zeliha 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTDouble‐armed crown ether aldehydes (1–3) were synthesized from the reaction of 2 equiv salicylaldehyde, 4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxybenzaldehyde (vanillin), and 3‐hydroxy‐4‐methoxybenzaldehyde (iso‐vanillin) with 4′,5′‐bis(bromomethyl)benzo‐15‐crown‐5. New crown ethers imine compounds (4–9) were synthesized by the condensation of corresponding crown ether aldehydes (1–3) with 4‐amino‐1,2‐dihydro‐1,5‐dimethyl‐2‐phenyl‐3H‐pyrazole‐3‐one and 2‐furan‐2‐yl‐methylamine. Sodium complexes (1a–9a) of the crown compounds form crystalline 1:1 (Na+:ligand) stoichiometries and were also synthesized. The structures of the crown ether aldehydes (1–3), imine compounds (4–9), and complexes (1a–9a) were confirmed on the basis of elemental analyses, IR, 1H and 13C NMR, and mass spectrometry. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 24:100–109, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.21070
A role for anterior thalamic nuclei in affective cognition: Interaction with environmental conditions
Authors: Dupire Alexandra , Kant Patricia , Mons Nicole , Marchand Alain R. , Coutureau Etienne , Dalrymple‐Alford John , Wolff Mathieu 
Published: February 2013

AbstractDamage to anterior thalamic nuclei (ATN) is a well‐known cause of diencephalic pathology that produces a range of cognitive deficits reminiscent of a hippocampal syndrome. Anatomical connections of the ATN also extend to cerebral areas that support affective cognition. Enriched environments promote recovery of declarative/relational memory after ATN lesions and are known to downregulate emotional behaviors. Hence, the performance of standard‐housed and enriched ATN rats in a range of behavioral tasks engaging affective cognition was compared. ATN rats exhibited reduced anxiety responses in the elevated plus maze, increased activity and reduced corticosterone responses when exploring an open field, and delayed acquisition of a conditioned contextual fear response. ATN rats also exhibited reduced c‐Fos and phosphorylated cAMP response element‐binding protein (pCREB) immunoreactivity in the hippocampal formation and the amygdala after completion of the contextual fear test. Marked c‐Fos hypoactivity and reduced pCREB levels were also evident in the granular retrosplenial cortex and, to a lesser extent, in the anterior cingulate cortex. Unlike standard‐housed ATN rats, enriched ATN rats expressed virtually no fear of the conditioned context. These results show that the ATN regulate affective cognition and that damage to this region may produce markedly different behavioral effects as a function of environmental housing conditions. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Capabilities of satellite precipitation datasets to estimate heavy precipitation rates at different temporal accumulations
Authors: Mehran Ali , AghaKouchak Amir 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe importance of satellite datasets as alternative sources of precipitation information has been argued in numerous studies. Future developments in satellite precipitation algorithms as well as utilization of satellite data in operational applications rely on a more in‐depth understanding of satellite errors and biases across different spatial and temporal scales. This paper investigates the capability of satellite precipitation data sets with respect to detecting heavy precipitation rates over different temporal accumulations. In this study, the performance of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission real time (TRMM‐RT), Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks and CPC MORPHing (CMORPH) is compared against radar‐based gauge‐adjusted Stage IV data. The results show that none of the high temporal resolution (3‐h) datasets are ideal for detecting heavy precipitation rates. In fact, the detection skill of all products drops as the precipitation thresholds (i.e. 75 and 90 percentiles) increase. At higher temporal accumulations (6, 12 and 24 h), the detection skill improves for all precipitation products, with CMORPH showing a better detection skill compared to all other products. On the other hand, all precipitation products exhibit high false alarm ratios above the heavy precipitation thresholds, although TRMM‐RT lead to a relatively smaller level of false alarms. These results indicate that further efforts are necessary to improve the precipitation algorithms so that they can capture heavy precipitation rates more reliably. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Usefulness of 1H‐MRS in differentiating bilirubin encephalopathy from severe hyperbilirubinemia in neonates
Authors: Wu Wulin , Zhang Ping , Wang Xiaoyi , Chineah Ashley , Lou Mingwu 
Published: February 2013

Purpose:To evaluate the usefulness of 1H‐MRS in differentiating bilirubin encephalopathy from severe hyperbilirubinemia in neonates.Materials and Methods:There were 11 patients enrolled in the neonatal bilirubin encephalopathy (NBE) group, 8 patients in the neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (NH) group, and 9 healthy, age‐matched neonates were included as controls. All patients and controls underwent 1H‐MRS and conventional magnetic resonance (MR) sequences. The spectroscopic regions of interest were the bilateral basal ganglia and the thalamus, and a spatial resolution of 1.0 cm3 was obtained.Results:Peak‐area ratios of NAA/Cr and NAA/ Cho in the basal ganglia were found to be significantly lower for the NBE group compared with the NH and control groups (P < 0.05). In contrast, there was no significant difference in the NAA/Cr ratios calculated for basal ganglia of the NH and control groups. Peak‐area ratios of NAA/Cr and NAA/Cho in the thalamus were decreased for the NBE group compared with the NH and control groups, but the differences were not significant (P > 0.05). There was a significant correlation between NAA/Cr ratios for basal ganglia and the total serum bilirubin (TSB) peak level in the NBE group (P < 0.05).Conclusion:1H‐MRS is useful in the differential diagnosis of NBE from severe hyperbilirubinemia in neonates, especially when the symptoms of NBE are atypical (subtle) and MRI does not reveal clear abnormalities. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;38:634–640. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
3D digital cinema technologies
Authors: Schuck Miller , Sharp Gary 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe describe fundamental aspects of the two major digital cinema projector platforms with special regard to the needs of 3D cinema. We present several optical solutions for 3D digital cinema, including polarization‐converting modulators, over‐under lenses, and dual projector systems. Finally, we define a metric for 3D efficiency and compare several solutions on this basis.
Experimental treatment of dog lice infestation in interior Alaska wolf packs
Authors: Gardner Craig L. , Beckmen Kimberlee B. , Pamperin Nathan J. , Del Vecchio Patricia 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBiting dog lice (Trichodectes canis) were first detected on wolves (Canis lupus) in Southcentral Alaska (USA) in 1981 introduced via domestic dogs. Lice infestation expanded north via wolf dispersal to the Tanana Flats of Interior Alaska in December 2003. Effects of this ectoparasite on wolves were persistent with moderate to severe clinical signs of pediculosis lasting multiple generations. Our objectives were to evaluate the extent of lice infestation on wolves within the Tanana Flats and develop a management program that limited further transmission. We implemented a treatment method that consisted of multiple applications of oral antiparasitic ivermectin‐injected baits aerially distributed at den and rendezvous sites during mid‐May through August. During 2005–2010, we evaluated 12–19 packs annually as part of a treatment group and 3 infested packs as a control. Infestation rates of treatment packs prior to treatment varied from 15% in 2005 (2 of 13), 50% in 2006 (7 of 14), 24% in 2007 (4 of 17), 5% in 2008 (1 of 19), and 0% in 2009–2010 (0 of 19). We treated 50%, 71%, and 75% of the infested treatment packs during 2005–2007, respectively. All treated packs were lice‐free the winter following treatment, whereas all 3 control packs remained infested. The combination of treatment and harvest successfully eliminated the local source population of lice within 3 years and we found no evidence of lice infestation within the treatment area during the last 3 years of the study. By using this treatment method, managers can eliminate dog lice infestations of wolves in areas ≤13,000 km2. By initiating treatment promptly after detection, transmission to unexposed nearby packs can be postponed and the local source population of lice on wolves eradicated. © 2013 The Wildlife Society.
Cerussite, PbCO3 – a new Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS)‐active crystal with high‐order Stokes and anti‐Stokes lasing
Authors: Kaminskii Alexander A. , Bohatý Ladislav , Rhee Hanjo , Kaltenbach André , Lux Oliver , Eichler Hans J. , Rückamp Reinhard , Becker Petra 
Published: February 2013

AbstractOrthorhombic PbCO3, known as natural crystal cerussite, is presented as a new Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS)‐active crystal. With picosecond laser pumping high‐order Raman‐induced χ(3) generation is observed. All registered Stokes and anti‐Stokes sidebands in the visible and near‐IR are identified and attributed to the SRS‐promoting phonon mode A1g of the carbonate group, with ωSRS ≈ 1054 cm−1. The first Stokes steady‐state Raman gain coefficient in the visible spectral range is estimated as well to a value not less than 4.6 cm·GW−1.
Usefulness, Enjoyment, and Self‐Image Congruence: The Adoption of e‐Book Readers
Authors: Antón Carmen , Camarero Carmen , Rodríguez Javier 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTOne challenge when launching new technologies is to overcome consumer resistance to change so as to accelerate market acceptance. This is the case of e‐book readers. The present study investigates individuals’ perceptions of the utilitarian and hedonic values of such devices and their congruence with self‐image as determinants of adoption. Additionally, consumer profile and familiarity with the new technology as a whole influence individuals’ perceptions of this particular technology and its congruence with self‐image. Findings show that perceived enjoyment and self‐image congruence complement perceived usefulness in forging a favorable attitude toward e‐book readers and adoption intention, and that knowledge proves essential in the adoption process. Moreover, people highly involved with reading tend to perceive e‐book readers as useless, which hampers their adoption.
Signal scaling improves the signal‐to‐noise ratio of measurements with segmented 2D‐selective radiofrequency excitations
Authors: Finsterbusch Jürgen , Busch Martin G. , Larson Peder E. Z. 
Published: February 2013

PurposeSegmented 2D‐selective radiofrequency excitations can be used to acquire irregularly shaped target regions, e.g., in single‐voxel MR spectroscopy, without involving excessive radiofrequency pulse durations. However, segments covering only outer k‐space regions nominally use reduced B1 amplitudes (i.e., smaller flip angles) and yield lower signal contributions, which decreases the efficiency of the measurement. The purpose of this study was to show that applying the full flip angle for all segments and scaling down the acquired signal appropriately (signal scaling) retains the desired signal amplitude but reduces the noise level accordingly and, thus, increases the signal‐to‐noise ratio.MethodsThe principles and improvements of signal scaling were demonstrated with MR imaging and spectroscopy experiments at 3 T for a single‐line segmentation of a blipped‐planar trajectory.ResultsThe observed signal‐to‐noise ration gain depended on the 2D‐selective radiofrequency excitation's resolution, field‐of‐excitation, and its excitation profile and was between 40 and 500% for typical acquisition parameters.ConclusionSignal scaling can further improve the performance of measurements with segmented 2D‐selective radiofrequency excitations, e.g., for MR spectroscopy of anatomically defined voxels. Magn Reson Med 70:1491–1499, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Steady‐state first‐pass perfusion (SSFPP): A new approach to 3D first‐pass myocardial perfusion imaging
Authors: Giri Shivraman , Xue Hui , Maiseyeu Andrei , Kroeker Randall , Rajagopalan Sanjay , White Richard D. , Zuehlsdorff Sven , Raman Subha V. , Simonetti Orlando P. 
Published: February 2013

PurposeTo describe and characterize a new approach to first‐pass myocardial perfusion utilizing balanced steady‐state free precession acquisition without the use of saturation recovery or other magnetization preparation.TheoryThe balanced steady‐state free precession sequence is inherently sensitive to contrast agent enhancement of the myocardium. This sensitivity can be used to advantage in first‐pass myocardial perfusion imaging by eliminating the need for magnetization preparation.MethodsBloch equation simulations, phantom experiments, and in vivo 2D imaging studies were run comparing the proposed technique with three other methods: saturation recovery spoiled gradient echo, saturation recovery steady‐state free precession, and steady‐state spoiled gradient echo without magnetization preparation. Additionally, an acquisition‐reconstruction strategy for 3D perfusion imaging is proposed and initial experience with this approach is demonstrated in healthy subjects and one patient.ResultsPhantom experiments verified simulation results showing the sensitivity of the balanced steady‐state free precession sequence to contrast agent enhancement in solid tissue is similar to that of magnetization‐prepared acquisitions. Images acquired in normal volunteers showed the proposed technique provided superior signal and signal‐to‐noise ratio compared with all other sequences at baseline as well as postcontrast.ConclusionsA new approach to first‐pass myocardial perfusion is presented that obviates the need for magnetization preparation and provides high signal‐to‐noise ratio. Magn Reson Med 71:133–144, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Design, manufacture, and analysis of customized phantoms for enhanced quality control in small animal MRI systems
Authors: Yoshimaru Eriko , Totenhagen John , Alexander Gene E. , Trouard Theodore P. 
Published: February 2013

PurposeMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is widely used in human brain research to evaluate the effects of healthy aging and development, as well as neurological disorders. Although standardized methods for quality assurance of human MRI instruments have been established, such approaches have typically not been translated to small animal imaging. We present a method for the generation and analysis of customized phantoms for small animal MRI systems that allows rapid and accurate system stability monitoring.MethodsComputer‐aided design software was used to produce a customized phantom using a rapid prototyping printer. Automated registration algorithms were used on three‐dimensional images of the phantom to allow system stability to be easily monitored over time.ResultsThe design of the custom phantom allowed reliable placement relative to the imaging coil. Automated registration showed superior ability to detect gradient changes reflected in the images than with manual measurements. Registering images acquired over time allowed monitoring of gradient drifts of less than one percent.ConclusionA low cost, MRI compatible phantom was successfully designed using computer‐aided design software and a three‐dimensional printer. Registering phantom images acquired over time allows monitoring of gradient stability of the MRI system. Magn Reson Med 71:880–884, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Knee cartilage MRI with in situ mechanical loading using prospective motion correction
Authors: Lange Thomas , Maclaren Julian , Herbst Michael , Lovell‐Smith Cris , Izadpanah Kaywan , Zaitsev Maxim 
Published: February 2013

PurposeTo assess the feasibility of high resolution knee cartilage MRI with in situ mechanical loading using optical tracking to compensate for motion.MethodsIn vivo cartilage MRI with in situ mechanical loading is demonstrated on a clinical 3T system for the patellofemoral as well as for the tibiofemoral knee joint using a T1‐weighted spoiled three‐dimensional gradient‐echo sequence. Prospective motion correction is performed with a moiré phase tracking system consisting of an in‐bore camera and a single tracking marker attached to the skin.ResultsRigid‐body approximation required for prospective correction with optical motion tracking is fulfilled well enough for the patellofemoral as well as for the tibiofemoral joint when the tracking marker is attached to the knee cap and the shin, respectively. Presaturation proves to be efficient in suppressing pulsation artifacts from the popliteal artery and residual motion artifacts primarily arising from nonrigid motion of the posterior knee compartment.ConclusionThe proposed technique enables knee cartilage imaging under in situ mechanical loading with submillimeter spatial resolution devoid of significant motion artifacts and thus appropriate for cartilage volumetry. It has the potential to provide new insight into the biomechanics of the knee and might complement the panoply of diagnostic MR methods for osteoarthritis. Magn Reson Med 71:516–523, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fast accurate MR thermometry using phase referenced asymmetric spin‐echo EPI at high field
Authors: Streicher Markus N. , Schäfer Andreas , Ivanov Dimo , Müller Dirk K. , Amadon Alexis , Reimer Enrico , Huber Laurentius , Dhital Bibek , Rivera Debra , Kögler Carsten , Trampel Robert , Pampel André , Turner Robert 
Published: February 2013

PurposeA novel highly accurate method for MR thermometry, effective at high field, is introduced and validated, which corrects for slow and fast field fluctuations by means of reference images.MethodsAn asymmetric spin‐echo echo planar imaging sequence was made frequency‐selective to water or a reference substance by controlling the slice‐select gradient polarity and the duration of the excitation and refocusing radiofrequency pulses. Images were acquired pairwise, and the temperature‐sensitive water images were corrected for field fluctuations using the reference images. In a phantom radiofrequency heating experiment, dissolved dimethyl sulfoxide was used as a reference substance. Temperature stability was tested in vivo on the human brain, referenced using subcutaneous scalp fat. Water and fat phase images were acquired only 50 ms apart. Bloch simulations validated the frequency selection accuracy.ResultsAsymmetric spin‐echo imaging using a simple frequency selection method provides highly accurate referenced MR thermometry in phantoms and in vivo at 7 T. Effects of field fluctuations caused by field drift, breathing, and heart beat were corrected. The technique is highly robust against B1 inhomogeneities.ConclusionFrequency selection using gradient‐reversal can enable fast accurate referenced in vivo MR thermometry, assisting thermal characterization of radiofrequency coils and possibly in vivo SAR monitoring. Magn Reson Med 71:524–533, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.