bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Driving performance in adults with ADHD: Results from a randomized, waiting list controlled trial with atomoxetine
Authors: Sobanski E. , Sabljic D. , Alm B. , Dittmann R.W. , Wehmeier P.M. , Skopp G. , Strohbeck-Kühner P. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractPurpose:To investigate effects of a 12-week treatment with atomoxetine (ATX) on driving performance in real traffic, driving-related neuropsychological performance tests and self-evaluation of driving in adult patients with ADHD compared to an untreated control group with ADHD.Methods:Parallel group design with an ATX and a waiting list group. At baseline and endpoint patients were evaluated with a standardized on-road driving test (SDBO), a driving-related neuropsychological test battery (Act and React Test System [ART2020]), and subjective measures of driving performance (one-week driving diary, Driver Coping Questionnaire).Results:Forty-three of the 64 included patients completed the study (n= 22 ATX,n= 21 controls). Mean intervention period was 11.9 ± 3.0 weeks, mean daily ATX dosage was 71.6 ± 14.9 mg. At endpoint, 60.1% of patients treated with ATX and 0% of waiting list group had reduced ADHD symptoms by greater or equal to 30%. In SDBO, ATX group reduced driving errors in three of four driving performance categories (attention,P< 0.05; risk-related self-control,P< 0.005; driver skills,P< 0.001), number of driving errors remained stable in control group. At endpoint, 47.6% of control group and 18.2% of ATX group (P< 0.05) did not fulfil the driving fitness criteria according to German Guidelines (percentile rank less or equal to 16 in one or more subtests in ART2020). Total number of self-reported critical traffic situations decreased from 12.0 to 6.8 per week in ATX group (P< 0.05) and remained stable in controls by 9.3 and 9.9 at baseline and endpoint (ns). Coping strategies with stressful traffic situations did not change within both groups.Conclusion:Our study provides first evidence that treatment with ATX improves driving performance in real traffic in adults with ADHD.
Dietary arginine and linear growth: the Copenhagen School Child Intervention Study
Authors: van Vught Anneke J. A. H. , Dagnelie Pieter C. , Arts Ilja C. W. , Froberg Karsten , Andersen Lars B. , El-Naaman Bianca , Bugge Anna , Nielsen Birgit M. , Heitman Berit L. 
Published: October 2012

The amino acid arginine is a well-known growth hormone (GH) stimulator and GH is an important modulator of linear growth. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of dietary arginine on growth velocity in children between 7 and 13 years of age. Data from the Copenhagen School Child Intervention Study during 2001–2 (baseline), and at 3-year and 7-year follow-up, were used. Arginine intake was estimated via a 7 d precoded food diary at baseline and 3-year follow-up. Data were analysed in a multilevel structure in which children were embedded within schools. Random intercept and slopes were defined to estimate the association between arginine intake and growth velocity, including the following covariates: sex; age; baseline height; energy intake; puberty stage at 7-year follow-up and intervention/control group. The association between arginine intake and growth velocity was significant for the third and fourth quintile of arginine intake (2·5–2·8 and 2·8–3·2 g/d, respectively) compared with the first quintile ( < 2·2 g/d) (P for trend = 0·04). Protein intake (excluding arginine) was significantly associated with growth velocity; however, the association was weaker than the association between arginine intake and growth velocity (P for trend = 0·14). The results of the present study suggest a dose-dependent physiological role of habitual protein intake, and specifically arginine intake, on linear growth in normally growing children. However, since the study was designed in healthy children, we cannot firmly conclude whether arginine supplementation represents a relevant clinical strategy. Further research is needed to investigate whether dietary arginine may represent a nutritional strategy potentially advantageous for the prevention and treatment of short stature.
Effects of dietary DHA and α-tocopherol on bone development, early mineralisation and oxidative stress inSparus aurata(Linnaeus, 1758) larvae
Authors: Izquierdo M. S. , Scolamacchia M. , Betancor M. , Roo J. , Caballero M. J. , Terova G. , Witten P. E. 
Published: October 2012

DHA deficiency has been related to skeletal malformations in fish, but high DHA levels have produced controversial results that could relate to the oxidative status of fish tissues in the different reports. In the present study, gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) larvae were fed deficient, adequate or high DHA levels, or high DHA levels supplemented with the antioxidant α-tocopherol. Larvae fed deficient DHA levels tended to be smaller, and showed the highest incidence of urinary bladder calculi, lordosis and kyphosis and the lowest number of mineralised vertebrae for any given size class. Elevation of dietary DHA increased larval growth and significantly enhanced the expression of the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) gene. However, a DHA level increase up to 5 % raised the degree of lipid oxidation in larval tissues and deformities in cranial endochondral bones and in axial skeletal haemal and neural arches. The increase in dietary α-tocopherol supplementation in high-DHA feeds reduced again the occurrence of skeletal deformities. Moreover, the expression of genes coding for specific antioxidants such as catalase, superoxide dismutase or glutathione peroxidase, which neutralised reactive oxygen substances formed by increased dietary DHA, was significantly decreased in larvae fed high α-tocopherol levels. These results denoted the importance of DHA for early bone formation and mineralisation. Low dietary DHA levels delay early mineralisation and increase the risk of cranial and axial skeletal deformities. Excessive DHA levels, without an adequate balance of antioxidant nutrients, increase the production of free radicals damaging cartilaginous structures before bone formation.
The Elements of the Structures of International Systems
Authors: Donnelly Jack 
Published: October 2012

AbstractStructural international theory has become largely a matter of elaborating “the effects of anarchy.” Simple hunter-gatherer band societies, however, perfectly fit the Waltzian model of anarchic orders but do not experience security dilemmas or warfare, pursue relative gains, or practice self-help balancing. They thus demonstrate that “the effects of anarchy,” where they exist, are not effectsof anarchy—undermining mainstream structural international theory as it has been practiced for the past three decades. Starting over, I ask what one needs to differentiate how actors are arranged in three simple anarchic orders: forager band societies, Hobbesian states of nature, and great power states systems. The answer turns out to look nothing like the dominant tripartite (ordering principle, functional differentiation, distribution of capabilities) conception. Based on these cases, I present a multidimensional framework of the elements of social and political structures that dispenses with anarchy, is truly structural (in contrast to the independent-variable agent-centric models of Waltz and Wendt), and highlights complexity, diversity, and regular change in the structures of international systems.
A Strategic Theory of Regime Integration and Separation
Authors: Johnson Tana , Urpelainen Johannes 
Published: October 2012

AbstractStates frequently disagree on the importance of cooperation in different issue areas. Under these conditions, when do states prefer to integrate regimes instead of keeping them separated? We develop a strategic theory of regime integration and separation. The theory highlights the nature of spillovers between issues. Positive spillovers exist when cooperation in one issue area aids the pursuit of objectives in another issue area; negative spillovers exist when cooperation in one issue area impedes this pursuit in another issue area. Conventional wisdom suggests that both positive and negative spillovers foster greater integration. We argue that negative spillovers encourage integration while positive spillovers do not. States integrate not to exploit positive spillovers between issues but to mitigate negative spillovers. To test our theory, we examine the degree of integration or separation among environmental regimes.
Sequence variation in three mitochondrial DNA genes among isolates ofAscaridia gallioriginating from Guangdong, Hunan and Yunnan provinces, China
Authors: Li J.Y. , Liu G.H. , Wang Y. , Song H.Q. , Lin R.Q. , Zou F.C. , Liu W. , Xu M.J. , Zhu X.Q. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe present study examined sequence variation in three mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genes, namely cytochromecoxidase subunit 3 (cox3) and NADH dehydrogenase subunits 1 and 4 (nad1 andnad4), amongAscaridia galliisolates from different geographical localities in China. A portion ofcox3 (pcox3),nad1 (pnad1) andnad4 (pnad4) genes were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) separately from adultA. galliindividuals and the amplicons were subjected to sequencing from both directions. The length of the sequences of pcox3, pnad1 and pnad4 were 408 bp, 471 bp and 333 bp, respectively. The intraspecific sequence variations withinA. galliwere 0–1.7% for pcox3, 0–2.8% for pnad1 and 0–3.4% for pnad4. The A+T contents of the sequences were 67.16–67.65% (pcox3), 67.09–67.94% (pnad1) and 69.91–71.77% (pnad4). The interspecific sequence differences among members of the Ascaridida were significantly higher, being 13.2–30.9%, 12.8–29.0% and 15.1–34.1% for pcox3, pnad1 and pnad4, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses using combined sequences of pcox3, pnad1 and pnad4, with three different computational algorithms (Bayesian analysis, maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony), all revealed distinct groups with high statistical support. These findings demonstrated the existence of intraspecific variation in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences amongA. galliisolates from different geographical regions in China, and have implications for studying molecular epidemiology and population genetics ofA. galli.
Short-term effects of forest disturbances on soil nematode communities in European mountain spruce forests
Authors: Čerevková A. , Renčo M. , Cagáň L. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe nematode communities in spruce forests were compared with the short-term effects of forest damage, caused by windstorm, wildfire and management practices of forest soils. Soil samples were collected in June and October from 2006 to 2008 in four different sites: (1) forest unaffected by the wind (REF); (2) storm-felled forest with salvaged timber (EXT); (3) modified forest affected by timber salvage (wood removal) and forest fire (FIR); and (4) storm-felled forest where timber had been left unsalvaged (NEX). Nematode analysis showed that the dominant species in all four investigated sites wereAcrobeloides nanusandEudorylaimus silvaticus. An increase ofA. nanus(35% of the total nematode abundance) in the first year in the FIR site led to the highest total abundance of nematodes compared with other sites, where nematode abundance reached the same level in the third year. In the FIR site bacterial feeders appeared to be the most representative trophic group, although in the second and third year, after disturbance, the abundance of this trophic group gradually decreased. In the NEX site, the number of nematode species, population densities and Maturity Index were similar to that recorded for the FIR site. In EXT and NEX sites, the other dominant species was the plant parasitic nematodeParatylenchus microdorus. Analyses of nematodes extracted from different forest soil samples showed that the highest number of species and diversity index for species (H'spp) were in the REF site. Differences between the nematode fauna in REF and other localities were clearly depicted by cluster analysis. The greatest Structure Index and Enrichment Index values were also in REF. In the EXT site, the number of nematode species, their abundance, H'spp and Maturity Index were not significantly different from those recorded in the reference site.
Genotyping of Echinococcus granulosus from domestic animals and humans from Ardabil Province, northwest Iran
Authors: Pezeshki A. , Akhlaghi L. , Sharbatkhori M. , Razmjou E. , Oormazdi H. , Mohebali M. , Meamar A.R. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractCystic echinococcosis is endemic in Iran, particularly in Ardabil Province, where it causes health and economic problems. The genetic pattern of Echinococcus granulosus has been determined in most parts of Iran, except in this area. In the present investigation, 55 larval isolates were collected from humans (11), sheep (19), goats (4) and cattle (21). For analysis of the genetic characteristics of E. granulosus isolates, DNA sequencing of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nad1) genes was applied. Fifty isolates were successfully analysed, with 92% (46) and 8% (4) identified as G1 and G3 genotypes, respectively. The sequence analyses of the isolates displayed nine characteristic profiles in cox1 sequences and eight characteristic profiles in nad1 sequences. Based on these results, the sheep strain (G1 genotype) was the most prevalent in humans, sheep, goats and cattle. The buffalo strain (G3 genotype) was not only demonstrated in sheep (1 isolate) and cattle (1 isolate), but also for the first time in two human isolates. These findings will provide information for local control of echinococcosis.
Evaluation of predation of the mite Lasioseius penicilliger (Aracnida: Mesostigmata) on Haemonchus contortus and bacteria-feeding nematodes
Authors: Aguilar-Marcelino L. , Quintero-Martínez M.T. , Mendoza de Gives P. , López-Arellano M.E. , Liébano-Hernández E. , Torres-Hernández G. , González-Camacho J.M. , Cid del Prado I. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractPredation by the mite Lasioseius penicilliger was studied on three nematode species, i.e. infective larval stages (L3) of Haemonchus contortus and adults of Panagrellus redivivus and Rhabditis sp. Experiments were carried out in 5.5-cm diameter Petri dishes containing 2% water-agar over a period of 5 days. Batches of up to 1500 third-stage larvae (L3) of H. contortus and 1000 adult nematodes of P. redivivus and Rhabditis sp. were exposed to five mites in separate Petri dishes. Upon contact, each mite used its pedipalp and legs to identify and hold its prey and then used its chelicerae to feed upon the prey. Predation by L. penicilliger was chance dependent but mites became aggregated around any injured/damaged prey, thereby suggesting some form of chemoperception. The rate of predation on the three species of nematodes was high but L3 of H. contortus and adult Rhabditis sp. were preferred.
Variation in the input: a case study of manner class frequencies
Authors: DALAND ROBERT 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTWhat are the sources of variation in the input, and how much do they matter for language acquisition? This study examines frequency variation in manner-of-articulation classes in child and adult input. The null hypothesis is that segmental frequency distributions of language varieties are unigram (modelable by stationary, ergodic processes), and that languages are unitary (modelable as a single language variety). Experiment I showed that English segments are not unigram; they exhibit a ‘bursty’ distribution in which the local frequency varies more than expected by chance alone. Experiment II showed the English segments are approximately unitary: the natural background variation in segmental frequencies that arises within a single language variety is much larger than numerical differences across varieties. Variation in segmental frequencies seems to be driven by variation in discourse topic; topic-associated words cause bursts/lulls in local segmental frequencies. The article concludes with some methodological recommendations for comparing language samples.
Photographic survey of benthos provides insights into the Antarctic fish fauna from the Marguerite Bay slope and the Amundsen Sea
Authors: Eastman Joseph T. , Amsler Margaret O. , Aronson Richard B. , Thatje Sven , McClintock James B. , Vos Stephanie C. , Kaeli Jeffrey W. , Singh Hanumant , La Mesa Mario 
Published: October 2012

AbstractWe reviewed photographic images of fishes from depths of 381–2282 m in Marguerite Bay and 405–2007 m in the Amundsen Sea. Marguerite Bay fishes were 33% notothenioids and 67% non-notothenioids. Channichthyids (47%) and nototheniids (44%) were the most abundant notothenioids. The deep-living channichthyidChionobathyscus dewitti(74%) and the nototheniid genusTrematomus(66%) were the most abundant taxa within these two families. The most abundant non-notothenioids were the macrouridMacrourus whitsoni(72%) and zoarcids (18%). Amundsen Sea fishes were 87% notothenioids and 13% non-notothenioids, the latter exclusivelyMacrourus whitsoni. Bathydraconids (38%) and artedidraconids (30%) were the most abundant notothenioids. We observed thatMacrourus whitsoniwas benthopelagic and benthic and infested by large ectoparasitic copepods. Juvenile (42 cm)Dissostichus mawsoniwas not neutrally buoyant and resided on the substrate at 1277 m.Lepidonotothen squamifronswas seen near and on nests of eggs in early December. APogonophrynesp. from 2127 m was not a member of the deep-living unspottedP. albipinnagroup.Chionobathyscus dewittiinhabited the water column as well as the substrate. The pelagic zoarcidMelanostigma gelatinosumwas documented in the water column a few metres above the substrate. The zoogeographic character of the Marguerite Bay fauna was West Antarctic or low-Antarctic and the Amundsen Sea was East Antarctic or high-Antarctic.
Syntactic soundness proof of a type-and-capability system with hidden state
Authors: POTTIER FRANÇOIS 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis paper presents a formal definition and machine-checked soundness proof for a very expressive type-and-capability system, that is, a low-level type system that keeps precise track of ownership and side effects. The programming language has first-class functions and references. The type system's features include the following: universal, existential, and recursive types; subtyping; a distinction between affine and unrestricted data; support for strong updates; support for naming values and heap fragments via singleton and group regions; a distinction between ordinary values (which exist at runtime) and capabilities (which do not); support for dynamic reorganizations of the ownership hierarchy by disassembling and reassembling capabilities; and support for temporarily or permanently hiding a capability via frame and anti-frame rules. One contribution of the paper is the definition of the type-and-capability system itself. We present the system as modularly as possible. In particular, at the core of the system, the treatment of affinity, in the style of dual intuitionistic linear logic, is formulated in terms of an arbitrarymonotonic separation algebra, a novel axiomatization of resources, ownership, and the manner in which they evolve with time. Only the peripheral layers of the system are aware that we are dealing with a specific monotonic separation algebra, whose resources are references and regions. This semi-abstract organization should facilitate further extensions of the system with new forms of resources. The other main contribution is a machine-checked proof of type soundness. The proof is carried out in the Wright and Felleisen's syntactic style. This offers an evidence that this relatively simple-minded proof technique can scale up to systems of this complexity, and constitutes a viable alternative to more sophisticated semantic proof techniques. We do not claim that the syntactic technique is superior: We simply illustrate how it is used and highlight its strengths and shortcomings.
The effects of a multimodal training program on burnout syndrome in gynecologic oncology nurses and on the multidisciplinary psychosocial care of gynecologic cancer patients: An Italian experience
Authors: Lupo F.N. , Arnaboldi Paola , Santoro L. , D'Anna E. , Beltrami C. , Mazzoleni E.M. , Veronesi P. , Maggioni A. , Didier F. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractObjective:In cancer care, the burden of psycho-emotional elements involved on the patient–healthcare provider relationship cannot be ignored. The aim of this work is to have an impact on the level of burnout experienced by European Institute of Oncology (IEO) gynecologic oncology nurses (N = 14) and on quality of multidisciplinary team work.Method:We designed a 12 session multimodal training program consisting of a 1.5 hour theoretical lesson on a specific issue related to gynecologic cancer patient care, 20 minute projection of a short film, and 1.75 hours of role-playing exercises and experiential exchanges. The Link Burnout Questionnaire (Santinello, 2007) was administered before and after the completion of the intervention. We also monitored the number of patients referred to the Psycho-oncology Service as an indicator of the efficacy of the multidisciplinary approach.Results:After the completion of the program, the general level of burnout significantly diminished (p = 0.02); in particular, a significant decrease was observed in the “personal inefficacy” subscale (p = 0.01). The number of patients referred to the Psycho-oncology Service increased by 50%.Significance of results:Nurses are in the first line of those seeing patients through the entire course of the disease. For this reason, they are at a particularly high risk of developing work-related distress. Structured training programs can be a valid answer to work-related distress, and feeling part of a multidisciplinary team helps in providing patients with better psychosocial care.
Enhanced Droplet Control by Transition Boiling
Authors: Grounds Alex , Still Richard , Takashina Kei 
Published: October 2012

AbstractA droplet of water on a heated surface can levitate over a film of gas produced by its own evaporation in the Leidenfrost effect. When the surface is prepared with ratchet-like saw-teeth topography, these droplets can self-propel and can even climb uphill. However, the extent to which the droplets can be controlled is limited by the physics of the Leidenfrost effect. Here, we show that transition boiling can be induced even at very high surface temperatures and provide additional control over the droplets. Ratchets with acute protrusions enable droplets to climb steeper inclines while ratchets with sub-structures enable their direction of motion to be controlled by varying the temperature of the surface. The droplets' departure from the Leidenfrost regime is assessed by analysing the sound produced by their boiling. We anticipate these techniques will enable the development of more sophisticated methods for controlling small droplets and heat transfer.
A CERTAIN SENSE OF EUROPE?
Authors: Sjursen Helene 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACT
This article seeks to shed light on the identity problem of the European Union by investigating EU justifications for past enlargements. What kind of understanding of the EU do enlargement decisions indicate? Given that the EU is based on more than mere pragmatic problem-solving, the question is whether decisions to enlarge reflect a value-based or a rights-based polity. Although a certain sense of distinctiveness, certain elements of European particularities, are in evidence, the pull of universal principles has proven stronger thus far. Paradoxically, this presents the European political project with an important dilemma.