bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of various relationships of reaeration rate coefficient for modeling dissolved oxygen in a river with extreme flow variations in Pakistan
Authors: Haider Husnain , Ali Waris , Haydar Sajjad 
Published: August 2012

AbstractMathematical relationships have been developed for reaeration rate coefficient (Ka) by various researchers. These relationships have a number of variables such as depth, velocity, width, slope, Froud number, molecular diffusion coefficient, kinematic viscosity and the gas‐transfer Reynolds number. From these variables, 29 relations have been developed and divided into four groups. To evaluate their predictive capability for highly variable flow rivers receiving high pollution loads form large cities, these relationships have been used to model dissolved oxygen (DO) in the River Ravi. Such rivers are either saturated with DO during high flows or anaerobic during critical low‐flow conditions. The evaluation is based on the agreement between model DO values calculated using Ka obtained from the available equations and the measured DO concentrations in the river samples in terms of sum of square of residuals (SSR) and coefficient of determination (R2). It has been found that in general, the group of equations containing depth and velocity as the only two variables affecting Ka performed better than the equations in other groups as reflected by lower SSR and higher R2 values. The study results also reveal that the turbulence‐based reaeration rate coefficient equation containing additional variables also resulted in close agreement between DO model results and the measured values. The study results identify the most important parameters affecting the reaeration rate coefficient and the suitability of various Ka relationships as well for rivers with highly variable flows. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A molecular imaging analysis of Cx43 association with Cdo during skeletal myoblast differentiation
Authors: Nosi Daniele , Mercatelli Raffaella , Chellini Flaminia , Soria Silvia , Pini Alessandro , Formigli Lucia , Quercioli Franco 
Published: August 2012

AbstractCell‐to‐cell contacts are crucial for cell differentiation. The promyogenic cell surface protein, Cdo, functions as a component of multiprotein clusters to mediate cell adhesion signaling. Connexin 43, the main connexin forming gap junctions, also plays a key role in myogenesis. At least part of its effects is independent of the intercellular channel function, but the mechanisms underlying are unknown. Here, using multiple optical approaches, we provided the first evidence that Cx43 physically interacts with Cdo to form dynamic complexes during myoblast differentiation, offering clues for considering this interaction a structural basis of the channel‐independent function of Cx43. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Laser‐driven beam lines for delivering intensity modulated radiation therapy with particle beams
Authors: Hofmann Kerstin M. , Schell Stefan , Wilkens Jan J. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractLaser‐accelerated particles are a promising option for radiation therapy of cancer by potentially combining a compact, cost‐efficient treatment unit with the physical advantages of charged particle beams. To design such a treatment unit we consider different dose delivery schemes and analyze the necessary devices in the required particle beam line for each case. Furthermore, we point out that laser‐driven treatment units may be ideal tools for motion adaptation during radiotherapy. Reasons for this are the potential of a flexible gantry and the time structure of the beam with high particle numbers in ultrashort bunches. One challenge that needs to be addressed is the secondary radiation produced in several beam line elements. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Applications of ultrasensitive wavelength‐modulated differential photothermal radiometry to noninvasive glucose detection in blood serum
Authors: Guo Xinxin , Mandelis Andreas , Zinman Bernard 
Published: August 2012

AbstractWavelength‐Modulated Differential Laser Photothermal Radiometry (WM‐DPTR) has been designed for noninvasive glucose measurements in the mid‐infrared (MIR) range. Glucose measurements in human blood serum in the physiological range (20–320 mg/dl) with predicted error <10.3 mg/dl demonstrated high sensitivity and accuracy to meet wide clinical detection requirements, ranging from hypoglycemia to hyperglycemia. The glucose sensitivity and specificity of WM‐DPTR stem from the subtraction of the simultaneously measured signals from two excitation laser beams at wavelengths near the peak and the baseline of the strongest interference‐free glucose absorption band in the MIR range. It was found that the serum glucose sensitivity and measurement precision strongly depend on the tunability and stability of the intensity ratio and the phase shift of the two laser beams. This level of accuracy was favorably compared to other MIR techniques. WM‐DPTR has shown excellent potential to be developed into a clinically viable noninvasive glucose biosensor. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Continuous symmetry analyses: Cnv and Dn measures of molecules, complexes, and proteins
Authors: Pinsky Mark , Zait Amir , Bonjack Maayan , Avnir David 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe continuous symmetry methodology has been developed to provide a quantitative estimation for the degree of a selected symmetry point‐group in a molecular structure. Previous developed measures included the CS, Cn, Sn (including Ci) symmetries, several polyhedral symmetries, and the related chirality measure. Motivated by the abundance and importance of Cnv symmetry in many key molecules and by the abundance of Dn symmetry in many organometallic complexes and in many protein clusters, measures for these symmetries, based on the general definition of the continuous symmetry measure, were developed. Detailed description of the derivation of the measures, along with plenty of examples for their application, is provided. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Morphology of the Daphnia nervous system: A comparative study on Daphnia pulex, Daphnia lumholtzi, and Daphnia longicephala
Authors: Weiss Linda C. , Tollrian Ralph , Herbert Zsofia , Laforsch Christian 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe freshwater crustacean Daphnia is well known for its phenotypic plasticity, in which environmental cues are perceived by the nervous system and transformed into phenotypic adaptations beneficial under current conditions. Critical knowledge regarding the distribution and localization of neuronal antigens or neurotransmitters and differentially expressed proteins is sparse. Here, we applied immunohistochemical and histological‐staining methods in combination with confocal laser scanning microscopy on whole mount preparations in Daphnia pulex, Daphnia longicephala, and Daphnialumholtzi. We document the nervous system, elements of the sensory system, and cell clusters with secretory characteristics in the Daphnia head. This is the first report on the nervous system of the species D.longicephala and D.lumholtzi. The methods established in this investigation will help to foster research on specific neuronal mechanisms in this rapidly advancing model system of life science research. J. Morphol., 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Orthopedic wear debris mediated inflammatory osteolysis is mediated in part by NALP3 inflammasome activation
Authors: Burton Lyndsey , Paget Daniel , Binder Nikolaus B. , Bohnert Krista , Nestor Bryan J. , Sculco Thomas P. , Santambrogio Laura , Ross F. Patrick , Goldring Steven R. , Purdue P. Edward 
Published: August 2012

AbstractActivation of myeloid cells by orthopedic particulate debris is a key event in the pathogenesis of periprosthetic osteolysis and implant loosening after total joint replacement (TJR). Several lines of evidence implicate NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains‐containing protein 3 (NALP3) inflammasome‐mediated production of interleukin 1 beta (IL‐1β) in the pathogenesis of clinical disorders ascribable to foreign particulate materials, including asbestos, silica, and urate crystals. Recent reports indicate that orthopedic polymer products and metallic particulates and ions may activate the same pathway. Here, we investigated the contribution of the NALP3 inflammasome to the pathogenesis of peri‐implant osteolysis. Pharmaceutical and genetic perturbations of caspase‐1 and inflammasome components were used to assess the role of the NALP3 inflammasome in IL‐1β production and osteoclast formation by human monocytes and mouse macrophages in response to polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) particle phagocytosis. The role of caspase‐1 in a mouse calvarial model of particle‐mediated osteolysis was assessed using µCT. Phagocytosis of PMMA particles induces caspase‐1 dependent release of IL‐1β from human monocytes and mouse macrophages. Importantly, using macrophages from mice deficient in components of the NALP3 inflammasome, we show PMMA‐induced IL‐1β production is strictly dependent on these components. Mice lacking caspase‐1, the sole effector of the NALP3 inflammasome, show reduced orthopedic wear particle‐induced calvarial osteolysis compared to wild‐type controls. Absence of NALP3 inflammasome components fails to alter osteoclast formation in vitro. Our findings identify the NALP3 inflammasome as a critical mediator of orthopedic wear‐induced osteolysis and as a viable therapeutic target for the treatment of periprosthetic osteolysis. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31:73–80, 2012
Laparoscopic transabdominal lateral adrenalectomy
Authors: Bickenbach Kai A. , Strong Vivian E. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractLaparoscopic adrenalectomy is a mainstay of operative options for adrenal tumors and allows surgeons to perform adrenalectomies with less morbidity, less post‐operative pain, and shorter hospital stays. The literature has demonstrated its efficacy to be equal to open adrenalectomy in most cases. With regard to malignant primary and metastatic lesions, controversy still remains, however, consideration of a laparoscopic approach for smaller, well circumscribed and non‐invasive lesions is reasonable. During any laparoscopic resection, when there is doubt about the ability to safely remove the lesion with an intact capsule, conversion to an open approach should be considered. The primary goal of a safe and complete oncologic resection cannot be compromised. For most benign lesions, laparoscopic approaches are safe and feasible and conversion to an open approach is necessary only for lesions where size limits the ability of a minimally invasive resection. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 106:611–618. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Monomers for Adhesive Polymers, 10‐Synthesis, Radical Photopolymerization and Adhesive Properties of Methacrylates Bearing Phosphonic Acid Groups
Authors: Catel Yohann , Fischer Urs Karl , Moszner Norbert 
Published: August 2012

AbstractSyntheses of eight novel methacrylates bearing phosphonic acid groups were synthesized in three to five steps. The interaction of these monomers with hydroxyapatite was investigated using 13C‐NMR spectroscopy. Free radical homopolymerizations were carried out in a mixture ethanol/water (2.5/1, v/v) using 2,2′azo(2‐methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride as initiator. The copolymerization of these monomers with a mixture HEMA/GDMA (5/3, mol/mol) was investigated by photo‐DSC. Dentin shear bond strength measurements showed that 2‐methacryloyloxy‐3‐(1,1,2,2‐tetrafluoroethoxy)propylphosphonic acid 4b, 2,3‐dimethacryloyloxypropylphosphonic acid 18 and 3‐(methacryloyloxy)‐2,2‐(di[(dihydroxyphosphoryl)methyl])propyl methacrylate 23 are promising candidates for dental adhesives. magnified image
Relationship between cyclic AMP‐dependent protein tyrosine phosphorylation and extracellular calcium during hyperactivation of boar spermatozoa
Authors: Harayama Hiroshi , Noda Taichi , Ishikawa Shou , Shidara Osamu 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIn mammalian spermatozoa, the state of protein tyrosine phosphorylation is modulated by protein tyrosine kinases and protein tyrosine phosphatases that are controlled via cyclic AMP (cAMP)‐protein kinase A (PKA) signaling cascades. The aims of this study were to examine the involvement of cAMP‐induced protein tyrosine phosphorylation in response to extracellular calcium and to characterize effects of pharmacological modulation of the cAMP‐induced protein phosphorylation state and calmodulin activity during hyperactivation in boar spermatozoa. Ejaculated spermatozoa were incubated with cBiMPS (a cell‐permeable cAMP analog) and CaCl2 at 38.5°C to induce hyperactivation, and then used for Western blotting and indirect immunofluorescence of phosphorylated proteins and for the assessment of motility. Both cBiMPS and CaCl2 were necessary for hyperactivation. The increase in hyperactivated spermatozoa exhibited a dependence on the state of cBiMPS‐induced protein tyrosine phosphorylation in the connecting and principal pieces. The addition of calyculin A (an inhibitor for protein phosphatases 1/2A (PP1/PP2A), 50–100 nM) coincidently promoted hyperactivation and cAMP‐induced protein tyrosine phosphorylation in the presence of cBiMPS and CaCl2. Moreover, the addition of W‐7 (a calmodulin antagonist, 2–4 µM) enhanced the percentages of hyperactivated spermatozoa after incubation with cBiMPS and CaCl2, independently of protein tyrosine phosphorylation. These findings indicate that cAMP‐induced protein tyrosine phosphorylation in the connecting and principal pieces is involved in hyperactivation in response to extracellular calcium, and that calmodulin may suppress hyperactivation via the signaling cascades that are independent of cAMP‐induced protein tyrosine phosphorylation. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 79: 727–739, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Models and algorithms for shuffling problems in steel plants
Authors: Tang Lixin , Zhao Ren , Liu Jiyin 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIn this article, we study item shuffling (IS) problems arising in the logistics system of steel production. An IS problem here is to optimize shuffling operations needed in retrieving a sequence of steel items from a warehouse served by a crane. There are two types of such problems, plate shuffling problems (PSP) and coil shuffling problems (CSP), considering the item shapes. The PSP is modeled as a container storage location assignment problem. For CSP, a novel linear integer programming model is formulated considering the practical stacking and shuffling features. Several valid inequalities are constructed to accelerate the solving of the models. Some properties of optimal solutions of PSP and CSP are also derived. Because of the strong NP‐hardness of the problems, we consider some special cases of them and propose polynomial time algorithms to obtain optimal solutions for these cases. A greedy heuristic is proposed to solve the general problems and its worst‐case performances on both PSP and CSP are analyzed. A tabu search (TS) method with a tabu list of variable length is proposed to further improve the heuristic solutions. Without considering the crane traveling distance, we then construct a rolling variable horizon heuristic for the problems. Numerical experiments show that the proposed heuristic algorithms and the TS method are effective. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2012
Interchange fee rate, merchant discount rate, and retail price in a credit card network: A game‐theoretic analysis
Authors: Guo Hangfei , Leng Mingming , Wang Yulan 
Published: August 2012

AbstractWe consider two game‐theoretic settings to determine the optimal values of an issuer's interchange fee rate, an acquirer's merchant discount rate, and a merchant's retail price in a credit card network. In the first setting, we investigate a two‐stage game problem in which the issuer and the acquirer first negotiate the interchange fee rate, and the acquirer and the retailer then determine their merchant discount rate and retail price, respectively. In the second setting, motivated by the recent US bill “H.R. 2695,” we develop a three‐player cooperative game in which the issuer, the acquirer, and the merchant form a grand coalition and bargain over the interchange fee rate and the merchant discount rate. Following the cooperative game, the retailer makes its retail pricing decision. We derive both the Shapley value‐ and the nucleolus‐characterized, and globally‐optimal unique rates for the grand coalition. Comparing the two game settings, we find that the participation of the merchant in the negotiation process can result in the reduction of both rates. Moreover, the stability of the grand coalition in the cooperative game setting may require that the merchant should delegate the credit card business only to the issuer and the acquirer with sufficiently low operation costs. We also show that the grand coalition is more likely to be stable and the U.S. bill “H.R. 2695” is thus more effective, if the degree of division of labor in the credit card network is higher as the merchant, acquirer, and issuer are more specialized in the retailing, acquiring, and issuing operations, respectively. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2012
Separation of Two Cytotoxic Saponins from the Roots of Adenophora triphylla var. japonica by High‐speed Counter‐current Chromatography
Authors: Kang Minseok , Ha In Jin , Chun Jaemoo , Kang Sam Sik , Kim Yeong Shik 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe roots of Adenophorae species have been reported to exhibit anti‐obese, anti‐oxidant, anti‐cancer, and anti‐bacterial activities. However, there has been no single report regarding the preparative isolation and biological activities of the chemical components from Adenophora triphylla.ObjectiveTo develop an efficient method for the determination of the active fraction from the methanol extract from the roots of Adenophora triphylla and for the preparative isolation and purification of target compounds having cytotoxicity on carcinoma cells from the active fraction by high‐speed counter‐current chromatography (HSCCC).MethodsThe Plant (5 kg, dry weight) was extracted with methanol. Three hundred grams of the dried methanol extract (885 g) were fractionated by open‐column chromatography with a stepwise gradient of water–methanol. Preparative isolation of bioactive components was performed by HSCCC with a two‐phase solvent system composed of ethyl acetate‐n‐butanol–0.2% trifluoroacetic acid in water (5:5:10, v/v). The cytotoxicity of column fractions and isolated compounds was evaluated by 2‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazoliumbromide assay.ResultsThe 70% MeOH column fraction showed inhibitory effects against three human carcinoma cells A549, AGS and HepG2. Two saponins were separated from 400 mg of the active fraction by HSCCC. After further purification with solid phase extraction column, 25 mg of peak fraction 1 and 20 mg of peak fraction 2 were obtained. Their structures were identified by 1 H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, Fourier transform infrared, fast atom bombardment–MS and electrospray ionisation–MS/MS. They exhibited strong cytotoxic effects against three cancer cells.ConclusionTwo cytotoxic saponins were isolated for the first time from the roots of Adenophora triphylla by HSCCC. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Homo‐ and diblock copolymers of poly(furfuryl glycidyl ether) by living anionic polymerization: Toward reversibly core‐crosslinked micelles
Authors: Barthel Markus J. , Rudolph Tobias , Crotty Sarah , Schacher Felix H. , Schubert Ulrich S. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractWe report the synthesis and characterization of well‐defined homo‐ and diblock copolymers containing poly(furfuryl glycidyl ether) (PFGE) via living anionic ring‐opening polymerization using different initiators. The obtained materials were characterized by SEC, MALDI‐TOF MS, and 1H NMR spectroscopy and molar masses of up to 9400 g/mol were obtained for PFGE homopolymers. If the amphiphilic diblock copolymer PEG‐block‐PFGE was dissolved in water, micelles with a PFGE core and a PEG corona were formed. Hereby, the hydrophobic PFGE core domains were used for the incorporation of a suitable bismaleimide and heating to 60 °C induced the crosslinking of the micellar core via Diels‐Alder chemistry. This process was further shown to be reversible. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
In situ polymerization and morphology of polypyrrole obtained in water‐soluble polymer templates
Authors: Percec Simona , Bolas Conor , Howe Laurie , Brill Donald J. , Li Jing 
Published: August 2012

AbstractSeveral water‐soluble polymers were used as templates for the in situ polymerization of pyrrole to determine their effect on the generation of nanosized polypyrrole (PPy) particles. The polymers used include: polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyethylene oxide (PEO), poly(vinyl butyral), polystyrene sulfonic acid, poly(ethylene‐alt‐maleic anhydride) (PEMA), poly(octadecene‐alt‐maleic anhydride), poly(N‐vinyl pyrrolidone), poly(vinyl butyral‐co‐vinyl alcohol‐co‐vinyl acetate), poly(N‐isopropyl acrylamide), poly(ethylene oxide‐block‐propylene oxide), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, and guar gum. The oxidative polymerization of pyrrole was carried out with FeCl3 as an oxidant. The morphology of PPy particles obtained after drying the resulting aqueous dispersions was examined by optical microscopy, and selected samples were further analyzed via atomic force microscopy. Among the template polymers, PVA was the most efficient in generating stable dispersions of PPy nanospheres in water, followed by PEO and PEMA. The average size of PPy nanospheres was in the range of 160 nm and found to depend on the molecular weight and concentration of PVA. Model reactions and kinetics of the polymerization reaction of pyrrole in PVA were carried out by hydrogen 1H NMR spectroscopy using ammonium persulfate as an oxidant. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
L‐lysine and EDTA polymer mimics as resins for the quantitative and reversible removal of heavy metal ion water pollutants
Authors: Ferruti Paolo , Ranucci Elisabetta , Manfredi Amedea , Mauro Nicolò , Ferrari Elena , Bruni Riccardo , Colombo Francesco , Mussini Patrizia , Rossi Manuela 
Published: August 2012

AbstractTraditional precipitation methods for inorganic micropollutant removal from waters are increasingly being replaced by sorption methods based on both natural and synthetic materials. In this context, two novel effective heavy metal ions absorbers are presented. These resins, LYMA and LMT85, were crosslinked poly(amidoamine)s carrying amine and carboxyl groups in their repeating units. In particular, the LYMA‐repeating unit contains one carboxyl and two amine groups and is a mimic of L‐lysine, whereas LMT85 contains two amine and five carboxyl groups and is a mimic of EDTA. Both resins were prepared at moderate cost by simple eco‐friendly procedures. The heavy metal ion set adopted as benchmark was Cu2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, Zn2+, Ni2+, and Co2+. LYMA proved selective for Cu2+ and Ni2+, the other ions tested being negligibly absorbed, whereas LMT85 proved capable of rapidly and quantitatively absorbing all the ions tested either singly or in mixed solution. The absorption process was reversible, and the resins were easily regenerated by acidification. The absorption of several metal ions imparted intense coloring to the resins, a feature possibly exploitable for analytical purposes. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012