bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fault detection for continuous‐time switched systems under asynchronous switching
Authors: Du Dongsheng , Jiang Bin , Shi Peng , Karimi Hamid Reza 
Published: January 2013

SUMMARYIn this paper, the problem of fault detection for continuous‐time switched systems under asynchronous switching is investigated. The designed fault detection filter is assumed to be asynchronous with the original systems. Attention is focused on designing a fault detection filter such that the estimation error between the residual and the fault is minimized in the sense of H ∞  norm. By employing piecewise Lyapunov function and average dwell time techniques, a sufficient condition for the existence of such a filter is exploited in terms of certain linear matrix inequalities. Finally, an example of a switched electrical circuit is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel distributed key revocation scheme for wireless sensor networks
Authors: Chao Chih‐Hung , Yang Ching‐Fang , Lin Po‐Ting , Li Jung‐Shian 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTKey revocation plays an essential role in ensuring the confidentiality of wireless sensor networks following the compromise of one or more of the network nodes. The distributed key revocation protocol presented by Chan et al. has a rapid reaction time and avoids the single‐point failure problem inherent in centralized schemes. However, the scheme is computationally complex, requires a large storage space, and incurs high communication overheads. Accordingly, this paper proposes a novel distributed, scalable, and cost‐effective key revocation scheme based on Blom's t‐secure property. In the proposed approach, any node identified as having a malicious behavior by t or more sensor nodes is categorized as a compromised node, and its keys are immediately revoked from the entire network. The proposed scheme not only satisfies the rigorous definition of a distributed key revocation protocol but also yields a significant improvement over Chan's revocation scheme in terms of a lower storage space requirement, a reduced communication overhead, and a lower computational cost. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adaptive Fabrication of a Flexible Electrode by Optically Self‐Selected Interfacial Adhesion and Its Application to Highly Transparent and Conductive Film
Authors: Kang Bongchul , Yun Jinho , Kim Sung‐Gaun , Yang Minyang 
Published: January 2013

AbstractA novel adaptive electrode fabrication method using optically self‐selected interfacial adhesion between a laser‐processed metal layer and polymer film is introduced to fabricate cost‐effectively a high‐resolution arbitrary electrode with high conductivity. The quality is close to that from vacuum deposition on a highly heat sensitive polymer film, with active response to various design requirements. A highly conductive metal film (resistivity: 3.6 μΩ cm) below a 5 μm line width with a uniform stepwise profile and mirror surface quality (Rrms: 5–6 nm) is fabricated on a cheap polymer film with a heat resistance limit of below 100 °C. Severe durability tests are successfully completed without using any adhesion promoters. Finally, a highly transparent and conductive electrode with a transparency above 95% and sheet resistance of less than 10 Ω sq−1 is fabricated on a polymer film and on glass by using this method. These results can help realize a potential high‐throughput, low‐cost, solution‐processable replacement for transparent conductive oxides.
Internalization Pathways of Anisotropic Disc‐Shaped Zeolite L Nanocrystals with Different Surface Properties in HeLa Cancer Cells
Authors: Li Zhen , Hüve Jana , Krampe Christina , Luppi Gianluigi , Tsotsalas Manuel , Klingauf Jürgen , De Cola Luisa , Riehemann Kristina 
Published: January 2013

AbstractInformation about the mechanisms underlying the interactions of nanoparticles with living cells is crucial for their medical application and also provides indications of the putative toxicity of such materials. Here the uptake and intracellular delivery of disc‐shaped zeolite L nanocrystals as porous aminosilicates with well‐defined crystal structure, uncoated as well as with COOH‐, NH2‐, polyethyleneglycol (PEG)‐ and polyallylamine hydrochloride (PAH) surface coatings are reported. HeLa cells are used as a model system to demonstrate the relation between these particles and cancer cells. Interactions are studied in terms of their fates under diverse in vitro cell culture conditions. Differently charged coatings demonstrated dissimilar behavior in terms of agglomeration in media, serum protein adsorption, nanoparticle cytotoxicity and cell internalization. It is also found that functionalized disc‐shaped zeolite L particles enter the cancer cells via different, partly not yet characterized, pathways. These in vitro results provide additional insight about low‐aspect ratio anisotropic nanoparticle interactions with cancer cells and demonstrate the possibility to manipulate the interactions of nanoparticles and cells by surface coating for the use of nanoparticles in medical applications.
Tumor-Specific Activation of the C-JUN/MELK Pathway Regulates Glioma Stem Cell Growth in a p53-Dependent Manner
Authors: Gu Chunyu , Banasavadi-Siddegowda Yeshavanth K. , Joshi Kaushal , Nakamura Yuko , Kurt Habibe , Gupta Snehalata , Nakano Ichiro 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Accumulated evidence suggests that glioma stem cells (GSCs) may contribute to therapy resistance in high-grade glioma (HGG). Although recent studies have shown that the serine/threonine kinase maternal embryonic leucine-zipper kinase (MELK) is abundantly expressed in various cancers, the function and mechanism of MELK remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate that MELK depletion by shRNA diminishes the growth of GSC-derived mouse intracranial tumors in vivo, induces glial fibrillary acidic protein (+) glial differentiation of GSCs leading to decreased malignancy of the resulting tumors, and prolongs survival periods of tumor-bearing mice. Tissue microarray analysis with 91 HGG tumors demonstrates that the proportion of MELK (+) cells is a statistically significant indicator of postsurgical survival periods. Mechanistically, MELK is regulated by the c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling and forms a complex with the oncoprotein c-JUN in GSCs but not in normal progenitors. MELK silencing induces p53 expression, whereas p53 inhibition induces MELK expression, indicating that MELK and p53 expression are mutually exclusive. Additionally, MELK silencing-mediated GSC apoptosis is partially rescued by both pharmacological p53 inhibition and p53 gene silencing, indicating that MELK action in GSCs is p53 dependent. Furthermore, irradiation of GSCs markedly elevates MELK mRNA and protein expression both in vitro and in vivo. Clinically, recurrent HGG tumors following the failure of radiation and chemotherapy exhibit a statistically significant elevation of MELK protein compared with untreated newly diagnosed HGG tumors. Together, our data indicate that GSCs, but not normal cells, depend on JNK-driven MELK/c-JUN signaling to regulate their survival, maintain GSCs in an immature state, and facilitate tumor radioresistance in a p53-dependent manner.
Functional Involvements of Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein A1 in Smooth Muscle Differentiation from Stem Cells In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Huang Yuan , Lin Luyang , Yu Xiaotian , Wen Guanmei , Pu Xiangyuan , Zhao Hanqing , Fang Changcun , Zhu Jianhua , Ye Shu , Zhang Li , Xiao Qingzhong 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
To investigate the functional involvements of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNPA1) in smooth muscle cell (SMC) differentiation from stem cells, embryonic stem cells were cultivated on collagen IV-coated plates to allow for SMC differentiation. We found that hnRNPA1 gene and protein expression was upregulated significantly during differentiation and coexpressed with SMC differentiation markers in the stem cell-derived SMCs as well as embryonic SMCs of 12.5 days of mouse embryos. hnRNPA1 knockdown resulted in downregulation of smooth muscle markers and transcription factors, while enforced expression of hnRNPA1 enhanced the expression of these genes. Importantly, knockdown of hnRNPA1 also resulted in impairment of SMC differentiation in vivo. Moreover, we demonstrated that hnRNPA1 could transcriptionally regulate SMC gene expression through direct binding to promoters of Acta2 and Tagln genes using luciferase and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. We further demonstrated that the binding sites for serum response factor (SRF), a well-investigated SMC transcription factor, within the promoter region of the Acta2 and Tagln genes were responsible for hnRNPA1-mediated Acta2 and Tagln gene expression using in vitro site-specific mutagenesis and luciferase activity analyses. Finally, we also demonstrated that hnRNPA1 upregulated the expression of SRF, myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2c (MEF2c), and myocardin through transcriptional activation and direct binding to promoters of the SRF, MEF2c, and Myocd genes. Our findings demonstrated that hnRNPA1 plays a functional role in SMC differentiation from stem cells in vitro and in vivo. This indicates that hnRNPA1 is a potential modulating target for deriving SMCs from stem cells and cardiovascular regenerative medicine.
Evidence for a Crucial Role of Paneth Cells in Mediating the Intestinal Response to Injury
Authors: Parry Lee , Young Madeleine , El Marjou Fatima , Clarke Alan R. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
The identification of the intestinal stem cell (ISC) markers Lgr5 and Bmi-1 has furthered our understanding of how they accomplish homeostasis in this rapidly self-renewing tissue. Recent work indicates that these markers identify a cycling Lgr5+ ISC which can be replaced by a quiescent Bmi-1+ ISC. Currently, there is little data on how these cells interact to control intestinal crypt homeostasis and regeneration. This interaction likely involves other differentiated cells within the niche as it has previously been demonstrated that the “stemness” of the Lgr5 ISC is closely tied to the presence of their neighboring Paneth cells. To investigate this, we used two conditional mouse models to delete the transcription factor β-catenin within the intestinal crypt. Critically these differ in their ability to drive recombination within Paneth cells and therefore allow us to compare the effect of deleting the majority of active ISCs in the presence or absence of the Paneth cells. After gene deletion, the intestines in the model in which Paneth cells were retained showed a rapid recovery and repopulation of the crypt-villus axis presumably from either a spared ISC or the hypothetical quiescent ISCs. However, in the absence of Paneth cells the recovery ability was compromised resulting in complete loss of intestinal epithelial integrity. This data indicates that the Paneth cells play a crucial role within the in vivo ISC niche in aiding recovery following substantial insult.
Higher levels of brain derived neurotrophic factor but similar nerve growth factor in human milk in women with preeclampsia
Authors: Dangat Kamini , Kilari Anitha , Mehendale Savita , Lalwani Sanjay , Joshi Sadhana 
Published: January 2013

AbstractChildren born to mothers with preeclampsia have consistently been suggested to be at risk for cognitive and behavioral disorders in later life. Breastfeeding is said to be associated with better neurodevelopment outcomes. Our earlier studies indicated higher levels of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in human milk in women with preeclampsia. DHA is known to regulate the expression of neurotrophins and together they play a vital role in neurodevelopment and cognitive performance. The present study examines the levels of maternal plasma and milk neurotrophins [(nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)] in women with preeclampsia and compares them with normotensive women who served as controls. Singleton pregnant women diagnosed with preeclampsia (n = 72) and controls (n = 102) were recruited for this study from Bharati Hospital, Pune. Plasma and milk samples were analyzed for NGF and BDNF levels using the Emax Immuno Assay System using promega kits. Maternal plasma NGF and BDNF levels were lower (p < 0.01 for both) in women with preeclampsia as compared to the control women. Milk NGF levels were similar while milk BDNF levels were higher (p < 0.05) in the preeclampsia group as compared to controls. Plasma NGF levels were positively correlated with milk NGF levels in the control group. Our results indicate the differential regulation of milk NGF and BDNF levels in women with preeclampsia. The present study suggests a role for both NGF and BDNF in human milk for postnatal brain development. Further studies need to examine the associations of DHA and BDNF in human milk with cognition at later ages.
Low-n-6 and low-n-6 plus high-n-3 diets for use in clinical research
Authors: MacIntosh Beth A. , Ramsden Christopher E. , Faurot Keturah R. , Zamora Daisy , Mangan Margaret , Hibbeln Joseph R. , Mann J. Douglas 
Published: January 2013

Few trials have evaluated the metabolic effects and health outcomes of lowering dietaryn-6 PUFA. The objectives of the present paper were (1) to report the methods employed to lower dietaryn-6 PUFA, while either increasing or maintainingn-3 PUFA intake and (2) to validate our methods with 24 h recalls and erythrocyte fatty acid analyses. A total of sixty-seven subjects were randomised to either (1) an average-n-3 PUFA, low-n-6 PUFA (L6) intervention designed to lower linoleic acid (LA; ≤ 2·5 % of energy (en%)) and arachidonic acid ( ≤ 60 mg/d), while maintaining an average US intake ofn-3 PUFA or (2) a high-n-3 PUFA, low-n-6 PUFA (H3-L6) intervention designed to lowern-6 LA, while increasing then-3 PUFA α-linolenic acid (ALA; ≥ 1·5 en%) and EPA+DHA ( ≥ 1000 mg/d). Pre- and intra-intervention nutrient intakes were estimated with six 24 h dietary recalls per subject. Both groups achieved the targeted reductions in dietary LA to ≤ 2·5 en% (median LA 2·45 (2·1, 3·1);P< 0·001). Intakes ofn-3 PUFA did not change for the L6 group. Target increases inn-3 ALA (median 1·6 en%, (1·3, 2·0),P< 0·001) and EPA+DHA (1482 mg, (374, 2558),P< 0·001) were achieved in the H3-L6 group. Dietary changes were validated by corresponding changes in erythrocyten-6 andn-3 fatty acid composition. Dietary LA can be lowered to ≤ 2·5 en%, with or without concurrent increases in dietaryn-3 PUFA, in an outpatient clinical trial setting using this integrated diet method.
THE BURDEN AND CONSCIENCE OF GOVERNMENT IN THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY
Authors: Catto Jeremy 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis study argues that the experience of government, though more clearly articulated after 1400, did not engender realpolitik and made princes and ministers, both the old nobility of service and the newer graduate careerists, more acutely aware of issues of conscience. It traces the anxieties provoked by political experience, their relation to the new spiritual literature addressed to persons with active responsibility, and their resolution after 1410 in a new, tough, realistic but morally sensitive approach to government, associated above all with Henry V of England.
HOW SCIENTIFIC CONVERSATION BECAME SHOP TALK
Authors: Secord James A. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe expansion of print and the rise of specialist disciplines from the early nineteenth century are usually associated with a decline in informed conversation about the sciences and other forms of learning among the aristocracy, gentry and professional classes. Yet an extensive body of evidence suggests that the sciences remained a vital part of conversational culture in England at least through the 1860s. Ultimately, however, discussing specialist knowledge at parties became condemned as ‘talking shop’. This was not so much the result of changes within science, as is usually assumed, but was instead a byproduct of the increasing differentiation of roles throughout society. By the early twentieth century, scientific practitioners had created new places for broad-ranging talk about their subjects, most characteristically in the tea rooms attached to university laboratories.
Two-point boundary value problems with eigenvalue parameter contained in the boundary conditions
Authors: Fulton Charles T. 
Published: January 2013

SynopsisIn this paper it is shown that the analysis of Titchmarsh's book [32] for regular Sturm-Liouville problems on a finite closed interval carries over readily to regular problems involving the eigenvalue parameter in the boundary condition at one end-point. The manner in which this type of problem is associated with a self-adjoint operator in Hilbert space has recently been pointed out by Walter in [36], and his operator-theoretic formulation is adopted here. The use of the eigenfunction expansion is illustrated by applying it to solve a heat-conduction problem for a solid in contact with a fluid.
Monadic translation of classical sequent calculus
Authors: ESPÍRITO SANTO JOSÉ , MATTHES RALPH , NAKAZAWA KOJI , PINTO LUÍS 
Published: January 2013

We study monadic translations of the call-by-name (cbn) and call-by-value (cbv) fragments of the classical sequent calculus ${\overline{\lambda}\mu\tilde{\mu}}$ due to Curien and Herbelin, and give modular and syntactic proofs of strong normalisation. The target of the translations is a new meta-language for classical logic, named monadic λμ. This language is a monadic reworking of Parigot's λμ-calculus, where the monadic binding is confined to commands, thus integrating the monad with the classical features. Also, its μ-reduction rule is replaced by a rule expressing the interaction between monadic binding and μ-abstraction.Our monadic translations produce very tight simulations of the respective fragments of ${\overline{\lambda}\mu\tilde{\mu}}$ within monadic λμ, with reduction steps of ${\overline{\lambda}\mu\tilde{\mu}}$ being translated in a 1–1 fashion, except for β steps, which require two steps. The monad of monadic λμ can be instantiated to the continuations monad so as to ensure strict simulation of monadic λμ within simply typed λ-calculus with β- and η-reduction. Through strict simulation, the strong normalisation of simply typed λ-calculus is inherited by monadic λμ, and then by cbn and cbv ${\overline{\lambda}\mu\tilde{\mu}}$, thus reproving strong normalisation in an elementary syntactical way for these fragments of ${\overline{\lambda}\mu\tilde{\mu}}$, and establishing it for our new calculus. These results extend to second-order logic, with polymorphic λ-calculus as the target, giving new strong normalisation results for classical second-order logic in sequent calculus style.CPS translations of cbn and cbv ${\overline{\lambda}\mu\tilde{\mu}}$ with the strict simulation property are obtained by composing our monadic translations with the continuations-monad instantiation. In an appendix to the paper, we investigate several refinements of the continuations-monad instantiation in order to obtain in a modular way improvements of the CPS translations enjoying extra properties like simulation by cbv β-reduction or reduction of administrative redexes at compile time.
Distribution pattern and activity of mitochondria during oocyte growth and maturation in the ascidianStyela plicata
Authors: Bezzaouia Amina , Gallo Alessandra , Silvestre Francesco , Tekaya Saïda , Tosti Elisabetta 
Published: January 2013

SummaryThe process of oocyte maturation is underlined by a redistribution of cellular organelles, among which mitochondria play a functional role for the acquisition of fertilization and developmental competence. In this paper, we applied electron and confocal microscopy by using DIOC6and JC-1 stain to evaluate mitochondria distribution pattern and activity during different stages of oocyte growth in the ascidianStyela plicata. Three categories of oocytes at the germinal vesicle stage underlying the vitellogenic process were characterized on the basis of size, pigmentation and accessory cells. Mitochondria were spread throughout the cytoplasm at the smallest oocyte stage and gradually migrated to the periphery of the subcortical cytoplasm at the intermediate stage. At the fully grown oocyte stage, mitochondria were aggregated in the subcortical cytoplasm. This pattern of polarized mitochondria distribution correlates significantly with an increase in mitochondria potential and activity. In this paper we discuss the relationship of mitochondria to the acquisition of oocyte developmental competence.
Developmental potential of pig embryos reconstructed by use of sow versus pre-pubertal gilt oocytes after somatic cell nuclear transfer
Authors: Li Juan , Pedersen Hanne Skovsgaard , Li Rong , Adamsen Janne , Liu Ying , Schmidt Mette , Purup Stig , Callesen Henrik 
Published: January 2013

SummaryIn this study, the developmental ability of cloned embryos using gilt versus sow oocytes was evaluated under the hypothesis that the efficiency of nuclear transfer using gilt oocytes was lower than that of sow oocytes, but that it could be optimized. Five experiments were performed with routine production of cloned embryos with sow oocytes serving as the control. Results showed that: Experiment 1: Blastocyst rates of cloned embryos with gilt oocytes was about half compared with control. Experiment 2: An extended maturation time of 48 h used for gilt oocytes resulted in lower blastocyst rates after cloning. Experiment 3: Development of cloned embryos with gilt oocytes was improved by co-culture with sow oocytes. Experiment 4: After maturation of gilt oocytes using follicular fluid from gilt instead of sow, the oocytes were sorted into large and small oocytes, and after cloning, blastocyst rates were higher using large gilt oocytes compared with small oocytes; however, the rate remained lower compared with control. Experiment 5: Six sow recipients received a total of 503 morulae and blastocysts cloned from gilt oocytes (four recipients) and 190 cloned from sow oocytes (two recipients). All recipients became pregnant and went to term, resulting in 26 (gilt oocytes) and six (sow oocytes) piglets. In conclusion, results confirmed that nuclear transfer efficiency was higher using sow versus gilt oocytes, but the use of gilt oocytes can be optimized by sorting after ooplasm size following maturation and by maturing gilt and sow oocytes together.
Understanding coronary arterial anatomy in the congenitally malformed heart
Authors: Anderson Robert H. , Chiu Ing-Sh , Spicer Diane E. , Hlavacek Anthony J. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWith the development of three-dimensional techniques for imaging, such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, it is now possible to demonstrate the precise sinusal origin and epicardial course of the coronary arteries with just as much accuracy as can be achieved by the morphologist holding the heart in his or her hands. At present, however, there is no universally accepted convention for categorising the various patterns found when the heart is congenitally malformed. In this review, we show how, to provide such a convention, it is necessary to take note not only of the sinusal origin of the three major coronary arteries, but also the relationship of the aortic root relative to the cardiac base. We summarise the evidence showing how the proximal portions of the developing coronary arteries grow into the aortic valvar sinuses subsequent to the separation of the aortic root from the subpulmonary infundibulum. We also discuss the evidence showing that the subpulmonary myocardium is impervious to the passage of epicardial coronary arteries, and suggest that the process of septation itself plays an integral role in guiding the arteries into the two aortic sinuses that are adjacent to the pulmonary root. We then show how marriage of convenience between the epicardial coronary arteries and the aortic valvar sinuses provides a good explanation for the known variations found in the setting of transposition. We point out that it is the absence of septation that likely governs the patterns seen in the setting of a common arterial trunk.