bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnosing NMC Battery Aging Modes Using Digital Twin
Authors: Guo Wendi , Li Yaqi , Sun Zhongchao , Vilsen Søren Byg , Zou Changfu , Stroe Daniel Ioan 
Published: August 2024

Traditional lithium-ion battery (LiB) modeling does not provide sufficient information to accurately verify battery performance under real-time dynamic operating conditions, particularly when considering various aging modes and mechanisms. This paper proposes a lithium-ion battery digital twin that can capture real-time data and integrate the strong coupling between SEI layer growth, anode crack propagation, drying up of Electrolytes, and lithium plating. It can be utilized to predict the degradation behavior, voltage-current profiles in dynamic aging conditions, and analyze the lithium inventory loss (LLI) of Nickel-Manganese-Cobalt-Oxide (NMC) lithium-ion batteries.
Commercially available 18650 cylindrical NMC Samsung battery cells were investigated. The cathode and anode materials are LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 and synthetic graphite, respectively. Four dynamic aging test cases using 1C, 1.3C, MC (multistep charging), and 2C, were designed and performed at 25 °C. The reference performance test (RPT) was repeated every 100 full equivalent cycles (FECs) until the cells reached 20 % capacity fade. Figure 1 shows the real-time voltage and current profile captured and predicted by the digital twin.
The model takes into account LLI induced by SEI growth and lithium plating, aligning with the LLI calibrated from the differential voltage (DV) endpoint shift (Figure 1h). Based on the model results, SEI growth is found to be the primary contributor to capacity loss before 500 FECs. SEI-induced degradation is minimal under the MC protocol, with the capacity loss varying by less than 5.22% across four test cases (Figure 1e). After 500 FECs, anode cracking becomes a non-linear accelerated aging factor. The crack propagation stabilizes in the initial 200 FECs, followed by unstable accelerated growth leading to capacity loss. Subsequently, a rapid acceleration in capacity loss occurs after 700 FECs (Figure 1f). The growth of anode cracks under the MC aging protocol has a much slower effect on capacity loss compared to the 2C and 1.3C before 500 FECs, as strongly confirmed by the post-mortem analysis. In addition, the lithium plating phenomenon triggers two orders of magnitude less capacity loss than SEI growth and cracking at 25 °C. The MC protocol demonstrates an effective reduction in lithium plating capacity loss compared to the other three traditional charging protocols (Figure 1g). This digital twin can represent a firm physical foundation for future physics-informed machine learning development to predict LiBs degradation behavior.
Figure 1. Real-time voltage and current captured and predicted by our designed digital twin under (a) 1C-WLTC, (b)1.3C-WLTC, (c) MC-WLTC, and (d) 2C-WLTC aging profiles. Additionally, (f) illustrates capacity loss density for the four protocols attributed to (e) SEI film growth, (f) anode crack propagation, (g) Li plating, and (h) LLI prediction by the digital twin and DV measurement.

Figure 1
Permanências, rupturas, transformações: os antifeminismos de ontem e de hoje
Authors: Moreira Thaís Batista Rosa 
Published: August 2024

A partir da exposição e análise de uma série de manifestações antifeministas, resgatadas de fontes escritas e iconográficas que datam de meados do século XIX até os dias atuais, proponho uma reflexão que matize a historicidade desses fenômenos, observando suas estratégias e retóricas, inscritas em uma dinâmica de permanências, rupturas e transformações através do tempo. Além disso, o artigo apresenta um breve panorama historiográfico, dando destaque às interpretações específicas sobre o antifeminismo propostas por Susan Faludi (2001), Florence Rochefort (1999) e Rachel Soihet (2013). Assim, busca-se ressaltar a importancia de articular o passado e o presente para compreender os discursos antifeministas, atentando-se tanto aos aportes deixados pela bibliografia especializada no tema, como para suas limitações face aos desafios contemporâneos.
Randomized Crossover Trial of 2-Week Ketone Ester Treatment in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Gopalasingam Nigopan , Berg-Hansen Kristoffer , Christensen Kristian Hylleberg , Ladefoged Bertil T. , Poulsen Steen Hvitfeldt , Andersen Mads Jønsson , Borlaug Barry A. , Nielsen Roni , Møller Niels , Wiggers Henrik 
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Acute increases in circulating levels of ketone body 3-hydroxybutyrate have beneficial acute hemodynamic effects in patients without T2D with chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. However, the cardiovascular effects of prolonged oral ketone ester (KE) treatment in patients with T2D and HFpEF remain unknown.

METHODS:
A total of 24 patients with T2D and HFpEF completed a 6-week randomized, double-blind crossover study. All patients received 2 weeks of KE treatment (25 g D-ß-hydroxybutyrate-(R)-1,3-butanediol × 4 daily) and isocaloric and isovolumic placebo, separated by a 2-week washout period. At the end of each treatment period, patients underwent right heart catheterization, echocardiography, and blood samples at trough levels of intervention, and then during a 4-hour resting period after a single dose. A subsequent second dose was administered, followed by an exercise test. The primary end point was cardiac output during the 4-hour rest period.

RESULTS:

During the 4-hour resting period, circulating 3-hydroxybutyrate levels were 10-fold higher after KE treatment (1010±56 µmol/L;
P
<0.001) compared with placebo (91±55 µmol/L). Compared with placebo, KE treatment increased cardiac output by 0.2 L/min (95% CI, 0.1 to 0.3) during the 4-hour period and decreased pulmonary capillary wedge pressure at rest by 1 mm Hg (95% CI, –2 to 0) and at peak exercise by 5 mm Hg (95% CI, –9 to –1). KE treatment decreased the pressure-flow relationship (∆ pulmonary capillary wedge pressure/∆ cardiac output) significantly during exercise (
P
<0.001) and increased stroke volume by 10 mL (95% CI, 0 to 20) at peak exercise. KE right-shifted the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure-volume relationship, suggestive of reduced left ventricular stiffness and improved compliance. Favorable hemodynamic responses of KE treatment were also observed in patients treated with sodium-glucose transporter-2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 analogs.

CONCLUSIONS:
In patients with T2D and HFpEF, a 2-week oral KE treatment increased cardiac output and reduced cardiac filling pressures and ventricular stiffness. At peak exercise, KE treatment markedly decreased pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and improved pressure-flow relationship. Modulation of circulating ketone levels is a potential new treatment modality for patients with T2D and HFpEF.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique Identifier: NCT05236335.
Stronger Westerly Wind Bursts in a Warming Climate: The Effects of the Pacific Warming Pattern, the Madden–Julian Oscillation, and Tropical Cyclones
Authors: Liang Yu , Fedorov Alexey V. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Westerly wind bursts (WWBs) in the western–central equatorial Pacific are critical in El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) dynamics. Understanding how they may change with global warming has important implications for future projections of El Niño. In this study, we investigate how the enhanced eastern equatorial Pacific warming pattern, emerging in future climate projections, can influence WWB characteristics in an atmospheric general circulation model, CAM6. Changes in three main factors affecting WWBs—El Niño-conditions mean westerly wind stress anomalies, the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO), and tropical cyclones (TCs)—are analyzed. We find that during El Niño onset (December–April), the WWB wind stress intensity remains largely unchanged but WWBs shift westward by about 20° of longitude. In contrast, during El Niño development (May–November), the WWB intensity increases by 41% or 79% in two warming scenarios considered [shared socioeconomic pathways (SSP5-8.5) and SSP2-4.5, respectively], which is mainly caused by a higher frequency of TC occurrence in the central tropical Pacific within 15°N/S. Further, we find that westerly wind speed anomalies associated with El Niño and the MJO also increase during El Niño development. However, as trade winds weaken in the central-eastern equatorial Pacific, the mean strength of the resulting westerly wind stress anomalies does not change much, and no significant eastward shift of WWBs is observed. Thus, our atmospheric model simulations suggest a strong TC-driven increase in WWB wind stress anomalies during El Niño development and hence a more important role of TCs in WWB generation, which in a coupled system could lead to stronger ENSO events, enhanced TC–ENSO coupling, and even greater intensification of WWBs.
Anthropogenic Climate Change Will Intensify European Explosive Storms Analogous to Alex, Eunice, and Xynthia
Authors: Ginesta Mireia , Flaounas Emmanouil , Yiou Pascal , Faranda Davide 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Extratropical storms, particularly explosive storms or “weather bombs” with exceptionally high deepening rates, present substantial risks and are susceptible to climate change. Individual storms may exhibit a complex and hardly detectable response to human-driven climate change because of the atmosphere’s chaotic nature and variability at the regional level. It is thus essential to understand changes in specific storms for building local resilience and advancing our overall comprehension of storm trends. To address this challenge, this study compares analogs—storms with a similar backward track until making landfall—in two climates of three explosive storms impacting different European locations: Alex (October 2020), Eunice (January 2022), and Xynthia (February 2010). We use a large ensemble dataset of 105 members from the Community Earth System Model, version 1 (CESM1). These analogs are identified in two periods: the present-day climate (1991–2001) and a future climate scenario characterized by high anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions [representative concentration pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5), 2091–2101]. We evaluate future changes in the frequency of occurrence of the storms and intensity, as well as in meteorological hazards and the underlying dynamics. For all storms, our analysis reveals an increase in precipitation and wind severity over land associated with the explosive analogs in the future climate. These findings underscore the potential consequences of explosive storms modified by climate change and their subsequent hazards in various regions of Europe, offering evidence that can be used to prepare and enhance adaptation processes.

Significance Statement
This study investigates the impact of climate change on explosive storms, or weather bombs, and their potential consequences for European regions. We project future scenarios of three specific storms, Alex, Eunice, and Xynthia, using a state-of-the-art climate model. Our findings reveal an increase in precipitation and wind over land associated with these storms, emphasizing the heightened risks associated with climate change. The significance lies in understanding the local implications of explosive storms, aiding in the development of resilient strategies and adaptation measures.
Tropical Interbasin Interaction as Effective Predictors of Late-Spring Precipitation Variability in the Southern Great Plains
Authors: Chikamoto Yoshimitsu , Wang Simon S.-Y. , Chang Hsin-I. , Castro Christopher L. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The southern Great Plains experience fluctuating precipitation extremes that significantly impact agriculture and water management. Despite ongoing efforts to enhance forecast accuracy, the underlying causes of these climatic phenomena remain inadequately understood. This study elucidates the relative influence of the tropical Pacific and Atlantic basins on April–May–June precipitation variability in this region. Our partial ocean assimilation experiments using the Community Earth System Model unveil the prominent role of interbasin interaction, with the Pacific and Atlantic contributing approximately 70% and 30%, respectively, to these interbasin contrasts. Our statistical analyses suggest that these tropical interbasin contrasts could serve as a more reliable indicator for late-spring precipitation anomalies than El Niño–Southern Oscillation. The conclusions are reinforced by analyses of seven climate forecasting systems within the North American Multi-Model Ensemble, offering an optimistic outlook for enhancing real-time forecasting of late-spring precipitation in the southern plains. However, the current predictive skills of the interbasin contrasts across the prediction systems are hindered by the lower predictability of the tropical Atlantic Ocean, pointing to the need for future research to refine climate prediction models further.

Significance Statement
Agriculture and infrastructure in the southern plains face challenges from severe late-spring precipitation extremes. Traditional predictors like El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) lose effectiveness during the critical spring-to-summer transition, creating a forecasting gap. This study introduces the concept of tropical interbasin interactions, known to enhance seasonal predictability for late-spring precipitation in the southern plains. Novel climate model experiments highlight contributions from the tropical Pacific and Atlantic, offering a promising predictability that potentially surpasses the limitations of ENSO-based predictions. These outcomes hold the potential for developing operational forecasts of late-spring precipitation anomalies in the southern plains, enabling proactive risk management.
The Role of Antecedent Winter Soil Moisture Carryover on Spring Runoff Predictability in Snow-Influenced Western U.S. Catchments
Authors: Alam Sarfaraz , Kaenel Manon von , Su Lu , Lettenmaier Dennis P. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Spring runoff is critical to agricultural, industrial, and municipal water supply as well as environmental uses in the western United States. Although spring runoff in this region has long been predicted based on late winter and early spring montane snow water storage, the role of soil moisture carryover from the previous winter is less understood and utilized in forecasts. We quantify the relationship between antecedent winter soil moisture and spring runoff for 85 unmanaged catchments in the western United States. Using a regression-based approach, we estimate the proportional reduction in error in seasonal runoff forecasts associated with soil moisture. We classify the catchments into two regimes: interior (cold and relatively dry) and maritime (warmer and wetter), based on seasonal variations in soil moisture. Soil moisture generally is relatively unchanged through the winter period in interior catchments, whereas it increases (mostly gradually, but occasionally rapidly) in maritime catchments. We find that winter temperature dominates soil moisture variability in both types of catchments. We find two patterns in the predictability of spring runoff. First, including antecedent winter soil moisture as a predictor enhances forecast accuracy and variance explanation in spring runoff for both interior and maritime catchments, particularly and with greater significance in interior catchments. Second, spring runoff prediction skill from antecedent winter soil moisture increases with elevation. Overall, we find strong evidence that the use of antecedent soil moisture can improve spring runoff forecast skill for catchments in the western United States.

Significance Statement
Spring runoff forecasts are crucial for water supply in the western United States, but typically exclude information about soil moisture despite its key role in the water balance. Our study explores how and why incorporating information about winter’s soil moisture levels affects spring runoff forecasts across 85 catchments in the western United States. We find that doing so can produce modest improvements in the prediction skill of spring runoff for both interior and maritime catchments but is particularly noticeable in interior catchments and at higher elevations where temperatures are lower. Overall, our research strongly supports the idea that using information about soil moisture from the previous winter can improve accuracy in spring runoff forecasts for the western United States.
Application of a Two-Step Space–Time EOF Statistical Postprocessing Algorithm to Mitigate Subseasonal 200-hPa Geopotential Height Forecast Error
Authors: Stikeleather William D. , Roundy Paul E. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The time-extended empirical orthogonal function (EEOF) patterns of error developed in a companion paper are applied in this study for model data postprocessing. Projecting forecast anomalies from the model seasonal cycle from GEFSv12 outputs onto these EEOF patterns reconstructs the error principal components (PCs) in a manner that can be applied in real time. When these reconstructed error anomalies are compared with the original GEFSv12 200-hPa geopotential height (Z200) reforecast error anomalies, the projected and validation error signals tend to align temporally. When distributed globally, projection and validation error anomalies have statistically significant positive Pearson correlation coefficients with each other at most grid points outside of the tropics. Categorical Heidke skill score (HSS) analysis reaffirms that by lead day 16 of a forecast, the algorithm skillfully predicts systematic errors for locations outside of the tropics. Hemispheric winter demonstrates that the highest magnitude HSS values are in the high latitudes, illustrating the underlying seasonality of Z200 behavior and predictability. On average, wintertime HSS values hover around 20%, with high-latitude locations exceeding mean values of 40%. Comparatively, summertime values generally exceed 10% improvement outside of the tropics. High-latitude storm-track regions, such as the North Atlantic, North Pacific, and South Pacific, contain the most Z200 variance in the globe and the highest HSS values. This algorithm will be applied to real-time forecasts and additional variables in future work, with the end goal of implementation into the NOAA-CPC subseasonal forecasts.
Red-Wattled Lapwing (Vanellus indicus): A Traditional Rain Forecaster for Tribal Farmers of Southwestern Rajasthan
Authors: Bhardwaj R. L. , Verma M. P. , Vyas L. , Sharma Anita , Jakhar D. S. , Choudhary Kapil , Meena Jaideep 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
An intensive survey was carried out over the past 8 years in tribal-dominated areas of southwestern Rajasthan to document red-wattled lapwing (Vanellus indicus) behavior as a rain forecaster, relevant to farm planning and better crop production. The present study included tribal farmers, agriculture scientists, extension workers, ornithologists, and farm workers. The precision of their observations was compared with a contemporaneous study of 10–15 red-wattled lapwing nests across the 46-ha operational area of the Agricultural Research Sub-Station (ARSS) and Adaptive Trial Center (ATC), Sumerpur, Pali, Rajasthan (25.1526°N latitude, 73.0823°E longitude). Local knowledge was gathered through surveys and focus group discussions with the respondents to discuss lapwing behavior as a rain prediction indicator. Meteorological data were gathered from the ATC farm observatory. The findings revealed that the older tribal farmers have an assortment of knowledge about the behavior of red-wattled lapwing as rain prediction indicators such as nesting sites, egg position, egg arrangement, nesting material, numbers of eggs, and egg-laying patterns. These predictions have a direct correlation with modern meteorological observations. It was also noted that the elder tribal farmers planned their farms using lapwing indicators in order to increase crop production, whereas younger generations overlook the traditional rain prediction indicators and have significant knowledge about meteorological data-based weather forecasting. Both the elder and younger tribal farmers were equally interested in meteorological weather forecast announcements, but due to network connectivity challenges, residents in some remote places were unable to access modern meteorological information. Long-term accurate rain forecasting is needed for better agricultural planning and to secure crop production. Rain forecasting can be improved by blending modern meteorological information with traditional proven indications. Farmers who have considerable traditional knowledge along with modern technological updates are capable of using both sources of information in suitable and successful farm planning for better crop production.

Significance Statement
The purpose of this study is to examine red-wattled lapwing behavior as rain measurements and compare its reliability with modern rain forecasting methods. We also develop a theoretical framework for understanding traditional and modern rain forecasting methods for disaster management in remote and accessible areas, to assist resource management and to minimize costs of cultivation. Our results provide a guideline for blending both types of knowledge and for providing relevant information to remote tribal areas at appropriate times for better farm planning and crop production.
Spanish Speakers in the United States Report Differing Levels of Weather Salience Based on Their Ethnocultural Background
Authors: Trujillo-Falcón Joseph E. , Montgomery-Vestecka Gretchen , Dunham Vanessa 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Weather profoundly shapes our daily lives, yet its psychological impact varies distinctly among different cultural and ethnic groups. In a comprehensive analysis of 974 Spanish-speaking individuals in the United States, our research delves into three dimensions of weather salience—a measure of the psychological importance attributed to weather. Contrary to expectations, geographic location within the United States does not significantly influence weather salience dimensions among Spanish-speaking populations. Rather, differences in weather salience emerge based on the nativity and origin country of a Spanish speaker. Foreign-born Spanish speakers exhibit higher weather salience compared to their U.S.-born counterparts, with notable differences in daily attention to weather and severe weather events. Additionally, the degree of psychological attunement to weather distinctly varies among different Hispanic and Latino ethnic groups within Spanish-speaking communities. These findings help explain why weather salience may be lower among Spanish-speaking groups and highlight the variability across different cultural groups. Tailoring messages to the unique experiences and backgrounds of diverse Spanish-speaking communities is essential, moving beyond simple language translation to embrace the rich cultural tapestry of these groups.

Significance Statement
Our research explored how different Spanish-speaking groups in the United States conceptualize weather in their daily lives. Surprisingly, where they live in the United States does not change their views much. Instead, whether they were born in the United States or elsewhere, and their specific cultural background, really matters. People born outside the United States generally apply more significance to the weather and its changes. This shows us that when communicating about weather to these groups, it is important to understand and respect the diverse cultures of Spanish-speaking communities, going beyond just translating messages into Spanish.