bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Uncertainty Quantification for Trustworthy AI
Authors: Deuschel Jessica , Foltyn Andreas , Roscher Karsten , Scheele Stephan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe development of AI systems involves a series of steps, including data acquisition and preprocessing, model selection, training, evaluation, and deployment. However, each of these steps involves certain assumptions that introduce inherent uncertainty, which can result in inaccurate outcomes and reduced confidence in the system. To enhance confidence and comply with the EU AI Act, we recommend using Uncertainty Quantification methods to estimate the belief in the correctness of a model’s output. To make these methods more accessible, we provide insights into the possible sources of uncertainty and offer an overview of the different available methods. We categorize these methods based on when they are used in the process, accounting for various application requirements. We distinguish between three types: data-based, architecture-modifying and post-hoc methods, and share our personal experiences with each.
Fostering Coherence in Finnish Teacher Education: The MAP Model
Authors: Metsäpelto Riitta-Leena , Warinowski Anu , Poikkeus Anna-Maija , Mikkilä-Erdmann Mirjamaija 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis chapter discusses the process of fostering coherence in teacher education in Finland through a teacher competence model: the Multidimensional Adapted Process Model of Teaching (Metsäpelto et al., 2022). Originally developed to facilitate nationally unified student selection for initial teacher education, the MAP model represents a collective interpretation of teaching quality made by an expert panel from seven Finnish universities organizing teacher education. It encompasses the current evidence base and prevailing discourses on what teachers ought to know and be able to do. In this chapter, we examine recent trends in the Finnish educational landscape and present the argument that the MAP model holds promise for enhancing aspects of coherence within teacher education in both respect to its goals, emphases and shared guidelines as well as its implemented curricula across different units. Additionally, we present findings from an analysis comparing the curricula of primary school teacher education programs (grades 1 to 6) in two universities, which provides evidence of systemic coherence. The chapter concludes by offering a critical reflection on the implications of adopting a generic teacher competence model for fostering coherence in teacher education.
The impact of non-invasive manual and ultrasonographic reduction for incarcerated obturator hernia: a retrospective cohort study and systematic review
Authors: Kobayashi Fuyumi , Watanabe Jun , Koizumi Masaru , Yamaguchi Hironori , Sata Naohiro 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Non-invasive reduction in patients with incarcerated obturator hernias is an emergency surgery alternative. There are two non-invasive reduction types: manual and ultrasonographic (ultrasound-guided and ultrasound-assisted reduction). However, the impact of ultrasound guidance on manual reduction has not been adequately evaluated. We aimed to compare non-invasive ultrasound reduction with manual reduction in patients with incarcerated obturator hernias.

Methods
We searched MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Library, Embase, Ichushi Web, ClinicalTrial.gov, and ICTRP for relevant studies. The primary outcomes were success and bowel resection rates. We performed a subgroup analysis between ultrasound-guided and ultrasound-assisted reductions. This study was registered in PROSPERO (CRD 42,024,498,295).

Results
We included six studies (112 patients, including 12 from our cohort). The success rate was 78% (69 of 88 cases) with ultrasonographic reduction and 33% (8 of 24 cases) with manual reduction. The success rate was higher with ultrasonographic than with manual reduction. Subgroup analysis revealed no significant difference between ultrasonography-assisted (76%) and ultrasonography-guided (80%) reductions (p = 0.60). Non-invasive reductions were predominantly successful within 72 h of onset, although durations extended up to 216 h in one case. Among the successful reduction cases, emergency surgery and bowel resection were necessary in two cases after 72 h from onset. Bowel resection was required in 48% (12 of 25), where the non-invasive reduction was unsuccessful within 72 h of confirmed onset.

Conclusions
Ultrasonographic reduction can be a primary treatment option for patients with obturator hernias within 72 h of onset by emergency physicians and surgeons on call. Future prospective studies are needed to evaluate ultrasonographic reduction’s impact.
Validity evidence regarding the use of DigCompEdu as a self-reflection tool: The case of Hungarian teacher educators
Authors: Horváth László , M. Pintér Tibor , Misley Helga , Dringó-Horváth Ida 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Digital competence is crucial for technology integration in education, with teacher educators playing a vital role in preparing student teachers for digitalized environments. In our conceptualization of teachers’ digital competence (TDC), we emphasize its embeddedness in a professional context. The Digital Competence for Educators (DigCompEdu) framework aligns with this understanding, yet research focusing on teacher educators is limited. To address this gap, we followed a quantitative research strategy to explore different sources of validity evidence for the DigCompEdu in a small, non-representative Hungarian teacher-educator sample (N = 183) via an online questionnaire. Our study, regarding the DigCompEdu as a measure of TDC, aims to (1) establish validity evidence based on internal structure concerns via Partial Least Squares structural equation modelling to evaluate the validity and reliability of the tool, (2) compare TDC self-categorization with test results to provide validity evidence based on the consequences of testing, and (3) explore validity evidence based on relationships of TDC with other variables such as age, technological, and pedagogical competence. Our findings reveal a significant mediating effect of professional engagement on teacher educators’ ability to support student teachers’ digital competence development. Despite the sample’s limitation, this study contributes to refining the DigCompEdu framework and highlights the importance of professional engagement in fostering digital competence among teacher educators.
Biomaterial Fg/P(LLA-CL) regulates macrophage polarization and recruitment of mesenchymal stem cells after endometrial injury
Authors: Song Sirui , Wang Anfeng , Wu Siyu , Li Huaifang , He Hongbing 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe process of endometrial repair after injury involves the synergistic action of various cells including immune cells and stem cells. In this study, after combing Fibrinogen(Fg) with poly(L-lacticacid)-co-poly(ε-caprolactone)(P(LLA-CL)) by electrospinning, we placed Fg/P(LLA-CL) into the uterine cavity of endometrium-injured rats, and bioinformatic analysis revealed that Fg/P(LLA-CL) may affect inflammatory response and stem cell biological behavior. Therefore, we verified that Fg/P(LLA-CL) could inhibit the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages from switching to the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype in vitro. Moreover, in the rat model of endometrial injury, Fg/P(LLA-CL) effectively promoted the polarization of macrophages towards the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype and enhanced the presence of mesenchymal stem cells at the injury site. Overall, Fg/P(LLA-CL) exhibits significant influence on macrophage polarization and stem cell behavior in endometrial injury, justifying further exploration for potential therapeutic applications in endometrial and other tissue injuries.
Graphical Abstract
Biodegradable composites with antibiotics and growth factors for dual release kinetics
Authors: Seidenstuecker Michael , Hess Julian , Baghnavi Anna , Schmal Hagen , Voigt Diana , Mayr Hermann O. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBone infections are still a major problem in surgery. To avoid severe side effects of systemically administered antibiotics, local antibiotic therapy is increasingly being considered. Using a pressure-based method developed in our group, microporous β-TCP ceramics, which had previously been characterized, were loaded with 2% w/v alginate containing 50 mg/mL clindamycin and 10 µg/mL rhBMP-2. Release experiments were then carried out over 28 days with changes of liquid at defined times (1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 14, 21 and 28d). The released concentrations of clindamycin were determined by HPLC and those of rhBMP-2 by ELISA. Continuous release (anomalous transport) of clindamycin and uniform release (Fick’s diffusion) of BMP-2 were determined. The composites were biocompatible (live/dead, WST-I and LDH) and the released concentrations were all antimicrobially active against Staph. aureus. The results were very promising and clindamycin was detected in concentrations above the MIC as well as a constant rhBMP-2 release over the entire study period. Biocompatibility was also not impaired by either the antibiotic or the BMP-2. This promising approach can therefore be seen as an alternative to the common treatment with PMMA chains containing gentamycin, as the new composite is completely biodegradable and no second operation is necessary for removal or replacement.
Graphical Abstract
Transdermal delivery of botulinum toxin-A through phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol nanoliposomes for treatment of post-acne scarring
Authors: Chen Lannan , Cui Lei , Ran Jiabing , Liu Zhengrui , Zhu Xiongbin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAs an acne sequela, post-acne scarring (PSA) has huge negative impact on sufferers’ quality of life because of aesthetical embarrassment. Transdermal delivery of botulinum toxin-A (BTXA) is a promising strategy for PAS treatment, but currently reported approaches are far from satisfactory. In this work, phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol (PC/Chol) nanoliposomes were utilized for encapsulation and transdermal delivery of BTXA. The composition, structure, morphology, size, size distribution, etc. of as-prepared BTXA@liposome nanoparticles were investigated in detail. Simulated transdermal delivery assay indicated that the diffusion depth of the BXTA@liposome nanoparticles was nearly 8 times that of pure BTXA and reached 380 μm. 12 facial PSA patients were recruited to evaluate the curative effect of the BTXA@liposome nanoparticles on PSA. Through ECCA (échelle d’évaluation clinique des cicatrices d’acné) scoring and self-evaluation of patients, the resultant data indicated that compared to hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel treatment the BTXA@liposome/HA hydrogel treatment could better relieve PSA to some extent but didn’t show significant advantage. Further work is needed to verify the feasibility and curative effect of this method in PSA treatment in the future.
Graphical Abstract
Applying a Socio-Ecological Model to Understanding the Needs of Children and Young People Bereaved by Intimate Partner Homicide across their Life Course
Authors: Kurdi Zain , Devaney John , Houghton Claire , Eastwood Oliver , Frederick John , Joy Kathryn , Chavez Katitza Marinkovic , Sakthiakumaran Ashwini , Alisic Eva 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To develop a socio-ecological understanding of the immediate and long-term effects on, and the needs of, children and young people (CYP) in the UK and Ireland bereaved by parental intimate partner homicide (IPH).

Method
The study draws on in-depth interviews from three different informants: those with lived experience (LE) (10); caregivers (12); and professionals (10). In addition to the 10 interviews with those bereaved by maternal IPH, experiences discussed include a further 23 cases of bereavement due to IPH during childhood (when aged under 18). We used thematic analysis to code and extracted themes into the relevant five dimensions of the socio-ecological model.

Results
The circumstances in which the homicide/suicide took place, were crucial in shaping children’s life trajectory. We identified circumstantial predictors in branching of trajectories: witnessing the murder; relatedness to perpetrator; and assumptions on biological relatedness. We found the need for life-long access to therapeutic care to support CYP essential during various developmental stages and life transitions. We recognized that both kinship and foster carers, required support in dealing with the complexity of grieving children. For kinship care, carers require help in managing their own grief, in addition to financial support to account for the new caring responsibilities. We also observed that children’s voice was rarely elicited, with no opportunities to exercise their agency.

Conclusion
Our findings highlight the importance of contextual circumstances for tailored support and the identification of appropriate carers and supporting them holistically. Finally, we highlight the importance of child centered policies and dedicated resources to support relevant services dealing with CYP bereaved by parental IPH.
Perspectives on Spare Embryos amongst IVF users: An Exploratory Study from a Selected District of the Southern Indian State of Karnataka
Authors: Ansari Salik , Vaswani Ravi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPerspectives of IVF users on their spare embryos is a less explored subject in the Indian context despite the country’s population and abundance of IVF clinics. We conducted a qualitative study using in-depth interviews in a selected district of the Indian state of Karnataka. Seven individuals were recruited independently of any assistance from an IVF clinic. The interviews explored participants’ knowledge and perception of the spare embryos using a set of guiding questions exploring the theme of the informed consent process, views on research, preferences for embryo donation, the role of family and the dynamics of decision-making, amongst other things. The interviews were qualitatively analysed using Corbin and Strauss’s grounded theory approach. Our findings reveal that the participants do not learn about the prospects of spare embryos from the very start of their IVF journeys, and they may not be informed about the various options available to decide the fate of the spare embryos. Irrespective of their views on research and moral perceptions of embryos, participants expressed a sense of responsibility and ownership towards their embryos and a general reluctance to donate them. Our findings have implications for guiding future inquiries on this subject, which can better the informed consent process and unravel the role of ownership in the ethics of spare embryos in the Indian context.
A social network approach to community energy initiative participation
Authors: Nientimp Dennis , Goedkoop Fleur , Flache Andreas , Dijkstra Jacob 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis perspective paper argues how a social network approach can contribute to creating a more comprehensive picture of how individual and community characteristics influence participation in community energy initiatives (CEIs). We argue how social network theory and methods for social network analysis can be utilized to better understand participation. Further, we show how this can potentially aid the implementation of interventions aimed at attracting more participants with more diverse socio-demographic backgrounds. Importantly, we argue that the structure of community social networks connecting (potential) participants could importantly influence whether and how individual and community properties affect CEI participation. Our aim is conveying the social network approach to the field of community energy researchers and stakeholders who might not be familiar with it. We discuss empirical evidence on the effect of network characteristics on CEI participation and the connection between research on CEIs and adjacent fields as a foundation for our claims. We also illustrate how a social network approach might help to overcome biased participation and low participation numbers, by providing social scientists with a tool to give empirically grounded advice to CEIs. We conclude by looking at avenues for future research and discuss how the context of CEIs might yield new theoretical insights and hypotheses.
The Road Not Taken: Dante’s First Eclogue and Virgil’s Career
Authors: Pugh Syrithe 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNear the end of his career, Dante wrote two eclogues, instigating a literary fashion which was to outlast the Renaissance. These poems—Dante's only known compositions in Latin verse—were prompted by a verse epistle from Giovanni ‘del Virgilio’, in which the humanist scholar goaded Dante to compose a martial epic in Latin celebrating contemporary Italian military victories, which would prove him a worthy successor to the author of the Aeneid. Dante’s response is an elaborate bucolic recusatio, which engages in a rich and intricate intertextual dialogue both with Virgil and with his correspondent. Through a pattern of allusions emphasizing the theme of land-confiscation and dispossession in Virgil’s Bucolica and his denunciation of the avarice and violence of contemporary Rome in the Georgics, Dante makes the case that his own career has fulfilled the noble aspirations which Virgil himself compromised, when he abandoned the idea of a cosmological epic, entertained in the second Georgic and chose instead to glorify war and the emperor in the Aeneid.
Real-time detection of aging status of methylammonium lead iodide perovskite thin films by using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy
Authors: Xu Jinzhuo , Wu Yinghui , Fan Shuting , Liu Xudong , Yin Zhen , Yang Youpeng , Wang Renheng , Qian Zhengfang , Sun Yiwen 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe inadequate stability of organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites remains a significant barrier to their widespread commercial application in optoelectronic devices. Aging phenomena profoundly affect the optoelectronic performance of perovskite-based devices. In addition to enhancing perovskite stability, the real-time detection of aging status, aimed at monitoring the aging progression, holds paramount importance for both fundamental research and the commercialization of organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites. In this study, the aging status of perovskite was real-time investigated by using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. Our analysis consistently revealed a gradual decline in the intensity of the absorption peak at 0.968 THz with increasing perovskite aging. Furthermore, a systematic discussion was conducted on the variations in intensity and position of the terahertz absorption peaks as the perovskite aged. These findings facilitate the real-time assessment of perovskite aging, providing a promising method to expedite the commercialization of perovskite-based optoelectronic devices.
Graphical Abstract
The Role of Topology and Capacity in Some Bounds for Principal Frequencies
Authors: Bozzola Francesco , Brasco Lorenzo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe prove a lower bound on the sharp Poincaré–Sobolev embedding constants for general open sets, in terms of their inradius. We consider the following two situations: planar sets with given topology; open sets in any dimension, under the restriction that points are not removable sets. In the first case, we get an estimate which optimally depends on the topology of the sets, thus generalizing a result by Croke, Osserman and Taylor, originally devised for the first eigenvalue of the Dirichlet–Laplacian. We also consider some limit situations, like the sharp Moser–Trudinger constant and the Cheeger constant. As a byproduct of our discussion, we also obtain a Buser-type inequality for open subsets of the plane, with given topology. An interesting problem on the sharp constant for this inequality is presented.
The Role of Social Support in the Transition from Lower- to Upper-Secondary School in Slovenia: Anxiety in Focus
Authors: Kozina Ana , Košir Katja , Pivec Tina 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe complexities of individual (developmental changes) and contextual (change of school) factors interact during a school level transition period. The current study focuses on one aspect of possible difficulties, namely anxiety, and one potential support mechanism, specifically social support from family and peers, and their interplay during the school year when transitioning to a higher level of education. The study monitors anxiety levels of Slovene students (N = 115, 69.6% females) and the role of their social support through their transition using a longitudinal design with four time points—at the beginning of the school year, at the middle of the school year, at the end of the school year, and at the beginning of the new school year after the transition—in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings from an unconditional growth model show a significant difference in anxiety at the initial measurement, while the change in time is insignificant. The findings show that peer support is a significant predictor of anxiety at all four time points and that family support is a significant predictor of anxiety at three of the four time points (not significant at the end of school year). Students who report a higher sense of peer and family support report less anxiety. As identified in the study, social support is an important protective factor for higher anxiety levels; therefore, it is important to provide mechanisms of social support during a transition and throughout the pre- and post-transition school years.
Lucky strike: testing the utility of manganese dioxide powder in Neandertal percussive fire making
Authors: Sorensen Andrew C. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLate Middle Palaeolithic Neandertals in France are known to have engaged in the collection and grinding of black minerals rich in manganese dioxide (MnO2), generally presumed for symbolic use as powdered pigments. However, lab-based experiments conducted by Heyes and colleagues (Sci Rep 6: 22159, 2016) have shown that the addition of powdered MnO2 to wood turnings both reduces the temperature required for combustion by ca. 80–180 °C and significantly increases the rate of combustion. This special pyrotechnic property of powdered MnO2 may have been observed and leveraged by Neandertals to aid in fire making—a technology known to Neandertals in this region by at least 50,000 years ago. To test this idea, a series of actualistic fire-making experiments were performed to determine the practical applicability of MnO2 as a tinder-enhancing additive. The flint-and-pyrite percussive fire-making method was employed to produce sparks that were directed onto eight different types of tinder common to temperate Northwest Europe to determine if and to what degree the addition of MnO2 powder improved their ability to capture sparks that then propagate into glowing embers. The results show that MnO2 does indeed considerably improve the ignition efficiency of tinder material over untreated tinder, both in terms of the point of first ignition and the total number of ignitions achieved. It was observed, however, that the incidental addition of pyrite dust onto a tinder over the course of an experiment also appeared to improve its ability to capture sparks. Supplemental experiments using tinder pre-mixed with powdered pyrite confirmed this hypothesis, suggesting pyrite powder similarly expedites fire production. While this finding may raise questions regarding the need for collecting MnO2 for this purpose, its potential utility may lie in (1) its relative softness compared to pyrite, making it much easier to grind or scrape into powder, and (2) the greater potential for MnO2-bearing deposits to yield larger quantities of usable raw material compared to pyrite-bearing outcrops, making it relatively more abundant in some areas. Thus, when available, it is clear that adding MnO2 to tinder would have noticeably reduced the time and energy required to produce fire, making it a potentially novel Neandertal innovation complementary to the fire-making process.