bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tyrosinase‐catalyzed metabolism of rhododendrol (RD) in B16 melanoma cells: production of RD‐pheomelanin and covalent binding with thiol proteins
Authors: Ito Shosuke , Okura Masae , Nakanishi Yukiko , Ojika Makoto , Wakamatsu Kazumasa , Yamashita Toshiharu 
Published: February 2015

SummaryRS‐4‐(4‐Hydroxyphenyl)‐2‐butanol (rhododendrol, RD) was reported to induce leukoderma of the skin. To explore the mechanism underlying that effect, we previously showed that oxidation of RD with mushroom tyrosinase produces RD‐quinone, which is converted to secondary quinone products, and we suggested that those quinones are cytotoxic because they bind to cellular proteins and produce reactive oxygen species. We then confirmed that human tyrosinase can oxidize both enantiomers of RD. In this study, we examined the metabolism of RD in B16F1 melanoma cells in vitro. Using 4‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐n‐butylbenzene as a specific indicator, we detected moderate levels of RD‐pheomelanin in B16F1 cells exposed to 0.3 to 0.5 mM RD for 72 h. We also confirmed the covalent binding of RD‐quinone to non‐protein thiols and proteins through cysteinyl residues. The covalent binding of RD‐quinone to proteins was 20‐ to 30‐fold greater than dopaquinone. These results suggest that the tyrosinase‐induced metabolism of RD causes melanocyte toxicity.
Congenital nephrotic syndrome of NPHS1 associated with cardiac malformation
Authors: Uysal Berfin , Dönmez Osman , Uysal Fahrettin , Akacı Okan , Vuruşkan Berna Aytaç , Berdeli Afig 
Published: February 2015

AbstractCongenital nephrotic syndrome (CNS) is a rare disease inherited as an autosomally recessive trait and defined as proteinuria manifesting at birth or in the first 3 months of life. The classical form is the Finnish type of CNS (CNF), which is caused by mutations in the nephrin gene (NPHS1). The classical findings include prematurity, large placenta and massive proteinuria. Minor cardiac findings have been reported as a minor functional disorder but CNS with major cardiac malformation is rare. Here we report the case of a Turkish child with CNS with small indel mutation (c.614_621delCACCCCGGinsTT) in exon 6 of NPHS1 and also major cardiac malformation who did not develop end‐stage renal disease until the age of 5 years.
Transient abnormal myelopoiesis in non‐Down syndrome neonate
Authors: Ohkawa Teppei , Miyamoto Satoshi , Sugie Manabu , Tomizawa Daisuke , Imai Kohsuke , Nagasawa Masayuki , Morio Tomohiro , Mizutani Shuki , Takagi Masatoshi 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe encountered a case of neonatal acute megakaryoblastic leukemia not associated with Down syndrome (DS). Molecular cytogenetic analysis of leukemic blast cells indicated that increased blast cell status was caused by transient abnormal myelopoiesis with trisomy 21 and GATA1 mutation. Based on these molecular cytogenetic data, intensive chemotherapy was avoided, and the patient was successfully cured with low‐dose cytarabine. Morphologically, leukemic blast cells of acute megakaryoblastic leukemia in a non‐DS neonate are indistinguishable from a blast cell of transient abnormal myelopoiesis. The possibility of transient abnormal myelopoiesis should be carefully considered before intensive chemotherapy is adopted.
Japanese neonate with congenital chloride diarrhea caused by SLC26A3 mutation
Authors: Fuwa Kazumasa , Hosono Shigeharu , Nagano Nobuhiko , Munakata Shun , Fukamachi Ritsuko , Okada Tomoo , Takahashi Shigeru , Takahashi Shori , Sato Naoyuki , Nakayama Tomohiro 
Published: February 2015

AbstractCongenital chloride diarrhea (CCD) beginning in utero is a rare autosomal recessive inherited disorder characterized by impairment of Cl−/HCO3− exchange in an otherwise normal distal ileum and colon. Life‐long secretory diarrhea is caused by mutations in solute carrier family 26, member 3, (SLC26A3), which disrupt epithelial Cl−/HCO3− transport in the ileum and colon. Although 55 mutations in SLC26A3 have been identified throughout the world, few Japanese cases have been confirmed on genetic analysis. We report the successful treatment of a Japanese neonate with CCD caused by SLC26A3 mutation.
Idiopathic mitral valve chordae rupture in an infant: Importance of rapid diagnosis and surgery
Authors: Okada Yuki , Inoue Nobuaki , Fukushima Naoya , Yoshikawa Tadahiro , Takahashi Yukihiro , Matsubara Shigeki , Hasegawa Yukihiro 
Published: February 2015

AbstractMitral valve chordae rupture in infancy is a rare, but life‐threatening disease. The progression of acute cardiac failure has been reported, with emergency surgery being required in most cases. Mitral valve chordae rupture typically occurs at the age of 4–6 months. Echocardiography is needed to diagnose this disease, and accurate diagnosis is difficult for general pediatricians. We herein describe the case of an acutely ill 4‐month‐old infant, who was saved and discharged without neurological sequelae due to the early diagnosis of mitral valve chordae rupture, life support, and surgery. We confirm the importance of acute pre‐surgery treatment and immediate surgery for the survival and good outcome of infants.
Oral penicillin‐associated acute kidney injury in an infant with acute pyelonephritis
Authors: Zieg Jakub , Hacek Jaromir 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBeta‐lactam‐associated acute tubulointerstitial nephritis (ATIN) is a rare condition in childhood. We report the case of an infant with penicillin‐associated ATIN and concomitant acute pyelonephritis resulting in the development of severe acute kidney injury (AKI). The treatment consisted of penicillin suspension and appropriate AKI management, which required a short period of dialysis. Finally, full recovery and normalization of laboratory parameters occurred. We present here the first case of oral penicillin‐associated ATIN in childhood.
Successful living domino liver transplantation in a child with protein C deficiency
Authors: Matsunami Masatoshi , Ishiguro Akira , Fukuda Akinari , Sasaki Kengo , Uchida Hajime , Shigeta Takanobu , Kanazawa Hiroyuki , Sakamoto Seisuke , Ohta Motoki , Nakadate Hisaya , Horikawa Reiko , Nakazawa Atsuko , Ishige Mika , Mizuta Koichi , Kasahara Mureo 
Published: February 2015

AbstractPC is produced in the liver and inhibits blood coagulation by catalyzing active factors V and VIII. PC deficiency causes abnormal blood clotting that is difficult to regulate by anticoagulative treatments. Four reports of PC deficiency treated with LTx have been published; however, no report of DLT as a therapy for PC deficiency is available. We describe a case of a 23‐month‐old girl who received DLT for compound heterozygous PC deficiency. Her PC activity was below 5%. She developed intracranial lesion and frequent refractory purpura fulminans. Both her parents had heterozygous mutations of PC genes and were excluded as living donors. Furthermore, she was a low priority on the waiting list of deceased‐donor transplantation. We performed living DLT using the liver from a patient with MSUD. Activated PC concentrate safely supported the perioperative period. After DLT, she maintained normal PC activities and BCAA levels. This is the first case of PC deficiency successfully treated by living DLT with MSUD. We propose that DLT using liver from patients with MSUD is a treatment option for PC deficiency.
Soft Computing in Design and Manufacturing of Advanced Materials
Authors: Cios Krzysztof J. , Baaklini George Y. , Vary Alex 
Published: February 2015

The goal of this paper is to show the potential of fuzzy sets and neural networks, often referred to as soft computing, for aiding in all aspects of manufacturing of advanced materials like ceramics.
In design and manufacturing of advanced materials it is desirable to find which of the many processing variables contribute most to the desired properties of the material. There is also interest in real time quality control of parameters that govern material properties during processing stages. This paper briefly introduces the concepts of fuzzy sets and neural networks and shows how they can be used in the design and manufacturing processes. These two computational methods are alternatives to other methods such as the Taguchi method. The two methods are demonstrated by using data collected at NASA Lewis Research Center. Future research directions are also discussed.
A Review of Non-Steady Flow Models for Compressor Stability
Authors: Longley John P. 
Published: February 2015

This paper presents a review of the different approaches to modelling the non-steady fluid dynamics associated with two-dimensional compressor flowfields. These models are used to predict the time development of flowfield disturbances and have been found useful both in the study of rotating stall and the development of active control.
The opportunity to digest the earlier investigations has now made it possible to express the modelling ideas using only a very simple mathematical treatment. Here, the emphasis is on the underlying physical processes that the models simulate and how the assumptions within the models affect predictions. The purpose of this work is to produce, in a single document, a description of compressor modelling techniques, so that prospective users can assess which model is the most suitable for their application.
Turbulence Measurements Downstream of a Turbine Cascade at Different Incidence Angles and Pitch-Chord Ratios
Authors: Dossena Vincenzo , Perdichizzi Antonio , Ubaldi Marina , Zunino Pietro 
Published: February 2015

An experimental investigation on a linear turbine cascade has been carried out to study the effects induced by incidence angle and pitch-chord ratio variations on the three-dimensional turbulent flow downstream of the cascade.
Previous mean flow measurements have shown how these parameters influence the energy losses and the secondary velocity field. Now detailed hot wire measurements have been performed on a plane located at 22 per cent of an axial chord downstream of the trailing edge, in order to determine the distribution of all the six Reynolds stress tensor components, for three incidence conditions (i = −30, 0, +30 deg) and for three pitch-chord ratios (s/c = 0.58, 0.72, 0.87).
Significant changes of the turbulent flow structure, interesting magnitude and distribution of the Reynolds stress components, have been observed for all the considered test conditions.
The analysis of the results shows the correlation between the mean flow features and the turbulent quantities and the relationship between the energy loss production and the blade loading variation.
The presented data are also suitable for assessing the behaviour of turbulence models in complex 3D flows, on design and off-design conditions.
Gas Turbine Topping Stage Based on Energy Exchangers: Process and Performance
Authors: Zauner Erwin , Chyou Yau-Pin , Walraven Frederic , Althaus Rolf 
Published: February 2015

Power generation in gas turbines is facing three main challenges today:
• Low pollution prescribed by legal requirements.
• High efficiency to obtain low operating cost and low CO2 emissions.
• High specific power output to obtain low product and installation cost.
Unfortunately, some of these requirements are contradictory: high efficiency and specific power force the development towards higher temperatures and pressures which increase NOx emissions and intensify the cooling and material strength problems. A breakthrough can be achieved by applying an energy exchanger as a topping stage. Inherent advantages are the self-cooled cell-rotor which can be exposed to much higher gas temperature than a steady-flow turbine and a very short residence time at peak temperature which keeps NOx emissions under control.
The basic idea has been proposed long time ago. Fundamental research has now led to a new energy exchanger concept. Key issues include symmetric pressure-wave processes, partial suppression of flow separation and fluid mixing, as well as quick afterburning in premixed mode. The concept has been proven in a laboratory-scale engine with very promising results. The application of an energy exchanger as a topping stage onto existing gas turbines would increase the efficiency by 17% (relative) and the power by 25%. Since the temperature level in the turbine remains unchanged, the performance improvement can also be fully utilized in combined cycle applications. This process indicates great potentials for developing advanced gas turbine systems as well as for retrofitting existing ones.
The Humid Air Cycle: Some Thermodynamic Considerations
Authors: Stecco S. S. , Desideri U. , Facchini B. , Bettagli N. 
Published: February 2015

The humid air cycle (Rao, 1990), recently proposed, is an intercooled gas turbine cycle, having an air-water mixing evaporator before the combustion chamber, and a recovering system for exhaust gases.
The solution appears to have several advantages: increase in efficiency, increase in power output, reduction of NOx. These important effects are similar to those encountered in STIG (STeam Injection Gas turbine) or CHENG (Saad and Cheng, 1992) power plants, however the particular non-isothermal vaporisation here considered enhances the efficiency increase.
Considering a TIT (Turbine Inlet Temperature) at 1273 K and combustion with methane, three different plant solutions are considered, where modifications are related to water circuit, to determine the most important parameters affecting the cycle’s performances.
The results show the advantage of employing a dry cooling tower to lower the recirculating water temperature or the total mass flow coming from evaporator. Both cases result in a lower exhaust gases temperature.
The advantages and comebacks of the three cycles are taken into consideration and discussed in detail, selecting a possible optimised plant solution. The paper emphasises also the practical feasibility of this plant.
Heat Transfer and Fluid Dynamics Measurements in Accelerated Rough-Wall Boundary Layer
Authors: Chakroun Walid , Taylor Robert P. 
Published: February 2015

The combined effects of freestream acceleration and surface roughness on heat transfer and fluid dynamics in the turbulent boundary layer were investigated experimentally. The experiments included a variety of flow conditions ranging from aerodynamically-smooth through transitionally-rough to fully-rough boundary layers with accelerations ranging from moderate to modestly strong. Two well-defined rough surfaces composed of 1.27 mm diameter hemispheres spaced 2 and 4 diameters apart, respectively, in staggered arrays on otherwise smooth surfaces were used as the test surfaces. The first 1.5 m of the test section had zero-pressure gradient followed by a 0.4 m accelerated region with the remaining 0.4 m adjusted to zero-pressure gradient.
The Stanton number for the rough-wall experiments decreased or increased for accelerated rough-wall cases compared to zero-pressure gradient cases depending on flow conditions. For fully-rough boundary layers, Stanton numbers increased with acceleration compared to zero-pressure gradient at the same x-position. For aerodynamically-smooth and transitionally-rough boundary-layer flows, the effect of acceleration was not similar to that of fully-rough flows and was highly dependent upon the flow conditions.
The acceleration caused a decrease in the relative turbulence level over the rough surface. The profiles of u′2¯ for the accelerated runs were lower than those of zero-pressure gradient cases, and a substantial decrease in the Reynolds shear stress (−u′v′¯) component was observed when acceleration was applied.
Numerical and Experimental Studies of Single and Tandem Low-Solidity Cascade Diffusers in a Centrifugal Compressor
Authors: Harada Hideomi , Goto Masanori 
Published: February 2015

In order to experimentally determine the performance characteristics of low-solidity cascade diffusers, three kinds of diffusers, a vaneless diffuser, a single and a tandem low-solidity cascade diffuser were attached to a medium specific speed centrifugal compressor stage and tested on a closed-loop test stand.
The three-dimensional incompressible viscous flow analysis method, which had recently been established in our laboratory, was used to calculate the internal flow conditions inside of these diffusers.
Both the single and tandem low-solidity cascade diffusers performed better than the vaneless diffuser. In particular, the tandem low-solidity cascade diffuser showed an increase in static pressure recovery coefficient of greater than 15% at the design point, and an increase greater than 40% at the lower flow rate, as compared with the pressure recovery of a vaneless diffuser.
The total-to-static overall compressor stage efficiency was improved by 4% to 10% from 100% to 70% flow rate by using the tandem diffuser.
The measured blade to blade static pressure distribution inside the low-solidity cascade diffusers was compared with the numerical results obtained via 3D viscous incompressible flow analysis, and the authors found that the static pressure recovery was qualitatively well predicted by this flow analysis method.
Effects of Oxygen and Additives on the Thermal Stability of Jet Fuels
Authors: Heneghan Shawn P. , Martel Charles R. , Williams Ted F. , Ballal Dilip R. 
Published: February 2015

A previously developed flowing single-pass heat-exchanger test rig (Phoenix rig) has been used to evaluate the effectiveness of various additives and the kinetic mechanism of both deposit formation and oxygen consumption. The Phoenix rig has been modified to include not just a heated single tube, but also a cooling test section and both hot and cold filters. The effects of flow conditions, antioxidants, and metal deactivator additives on the location and amount of the deposit are discussed. In general, antioxidants were effective at reducing the deposits on the hot test section, but almost invariably caused increased plugging of cool downstream filters. Downstream plugging of cool filters also increased with decreased temperatures in the heated section or with increased flow.
Tests with both oxygen-saturated and oxygen-depleted fuels have shown that the solubility of oxygen is linearly related to the fraction of oxygen in a sparge gas, and that the amount of deposit is linearly related to the total quantity of dissolved oxygen passed. Finally, in contrast to initial modelling efforts, the consumption of oxygen is shown to be significantly more complex than a simple bimolecular, pseudo-first-order in oxygen, process. It is found to be much closer to pseudo-zero-order in the early stages, decaying to pseudo-first-order when the oxygen nears depletion.
An Approximate Analysis and Prediction Method for Tip Clearance Loss in Axial Compressors
Authors: Storer J. A. , Cumpsty N. A. 
Published: February 2015

A simple model for loss created by the tip clearance flow in axial compressors is presented, based on an experimental programme performed in conjunction with the Dawes three-dimensional Navier-Stokes calculation method. The principal mechanism of loss (entropy creation) caused by tip leakage flow has been established to be the mixing of flows of similar speeds but different direction. Calculations who that relative motion of the endwall relative to the tip has a small effect on clearance flow. The simple model correctly predicts the magnitude of tip clearance loss and the trend with changes of tip clearance for the cascade tested. For a given geometry the loss is almost exactly proportional to the ratio of tip clearance to blade span; the loss directly associated with the clearance is smaller than often assumed.
The simple model for tip clearance loss has been expressed in terms of conventional non-dimensional design variables (for example; solidity, aspect ratio, flow coefficient, loading coefficient) and from these the contribution to the overall loss of efficiency caused by tip leakage flow is conveniently represented. The trends are illustrated for a number of possible compressor design choices. Blade row loss increases more slowly than blade loading (for example diffusion factor). As a result the decrement in stage efficiency associated with clearance flow decreases as the stage loading is raised in the practical range of flow and loading coefficients.
Three Dimensional Performance Prediction of Advanced Swirl Vanes for Gas Turbine Airblast Atomizers
Authors: Micklow Gerald J. , Shivaraman Karthikeyan , Nguyen H. Lee 
Published: February 2015

The performance of high shear airblast fuel injectors for advanced gas turbine combustors is highly dependent on the design of the swirl vanes. The vanes may be of the straight or curved type. Curved vanes usually exhibit lower losses but straight vanes are also used due to lower cost and ease of manufacture. These type of vanes often operate under highly stalled conditions with high total pressure loss and a highly non-uniform exit velocity profile. This can produce poor fuel atomization with a non-uniform combustor fuel distribution resulting in lowered combustor efficiency and increased pollutant emissions.
Constant turning curved vanes can also be easily manufactured. Properly designed vanes result in a greatly reduced total pressure loss. The exit velocity distribution is more uniform and higher in magnitude resulting in improved fuel atomization and distribution in the combustor.
The present study compares standard helical flat vane performance with a low loss curved vane designed by the author for idle, takeoff and cruise conditions. The results from a three dimensional viscous numerical flow simulation show the curved swirl vane to be clearly superior to the standard flat helical swirl vane. The curved vane has a much lower total pressure loss with a more uniform exit velocity profile. This will result in improved combustor and engine performance and reduced pollutant emissions.
The Interpretation of Internal Pressure Patterns of Rotating Stall in Centrifugal Compressor Impellers
Authors: Chen J. , Hasemann H. , Seidel U. , Jin D. , Huang X. , Rautenberg M. 
Published: February 2015

Dynamic pressure measurement on the shroud wall for a high performance single stage centrifugal compressor has been implemented to record the unsteady pressure data during rotating stall. Apart from the frequency analysis of the stall characteristics, a computer-aided method has been developed to enable the unsteady internal pressure patterns inside the blade channel near shroud surface to be described and shown in an animated visualisation.
Typical results of internal pressure patterns for a backswept impeller with two cell rotating stall occurrence at the impeller speed of 16000 rpm are presented in detail. The internal flow structure can be interpreted by pressure patterns of three types emerged consecutively within one time period of stall pressure oscillation: the normal pattern, the mixed pattern and the stalled pattern. The mixed pattern is characterized by a coexistence of the reverse movement of high pressure region towards inlet and the inlet separation. The stalled pattern is characterized by a collapse of pressure loadings in the blade channel. Such observation is thought to be useful for exploring the flow mechanism of rotating stall.