bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Moderate‐Level Prenatal Alcohol Exposure Enhances Acoustic Startle Magnitude and Disrupts Prepulse Inhibition in Adult Rhesus Monkeys
Authors: Schneider Mary L. , Larson Julie A. , Rypstat Craig W. , Resch Leslie M. , Roberts Andrew , Moore Colleen F. 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundPrenatal alcohol exposure can contribute to a wide range of neurodevelopmental impairments in children and adults including behavioral and neuropsychiatric disorders. In rhesus monkeys, we examined whether moderate‐level prenatal alcohol exposure would alter acoustic startle responses and prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle. PPI is a highly quantifiable measure of inhibitory neural processes or sensorimotor gating associated with neuropsychiatric disorders.MethodsAcoustic startle and PPI of the acoustic startle were tested in 37 adult rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) from 4 experimental conditions: (i) moderate‐level prenatal alcohol‐exposed, (ii) prenatally stressed, (iii) moderate‐level prenatal alcohol‐exposed + prenatally stressed, and (iv) sucrose controls.ResultsPrenatal alcohol‐exposed monkeys showed a higher magnitude of acoustic startle response and disrupted PPI compared with monkeys not exposed to alcohol prenatally. Monkeys in all conditions showed higher hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenocortical (HPA) axis responses after undergoing the startle procedure, but HPA responses were unrelated to startle response magnitude, latency, or PPI.ConclusionsFinding altered PPI in monkeys prenatally exposed to a moderate dose of alcohol suggests that reduced sensorimotor gating is 1 effect of prenatal alcohol exposure. Because reduced sensorimotor gating is observed in many neuropsychiatric disorders, sensorimotor gating deficits could be an aspect of the comorbidity between fetal alcohol spectrum disorder and mental health conditions.
Binge Ethanol‐Drinking Potentiates Corticotropin Releasing Factor R1 Receptor Activity in the Ventral Tegmental Area
Authors: Sparta Dennis R. , Hopf Frederic Woodward , Gibb Stuart L. , Cho Saemi L. , Stuber Garret D. , Messing Robert O. , Ron Dorit , Bonci Antonello 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundCorticotropin releasing factor (CRF) and urocortin play an important role in many stress responses and also can regulate ethanol (EtOH) intake. Adaptations in CRF signaling in the central amygdala promote EtOH consumption after long‐term EtOH intake in dependent animals and also after brief periods of binge EtOH intake. Thus, even brief episodes of EtOH consumption can alter the function of the CRF system, allowing CRF to regulate EtOH intake. Here, we examined whether brief binge EtOH consumption leads to CRF receptor adaptations within the ventral tegmental area (VTA), a structure involved in signaling rewarding and aversive events and important in the development and expression of drug and alcohol addiction.MethodsWe utilized a mouse model of binge drinking known as drinking in the dark (DID), where C57BL/6J mice drink approximately 6 g/kg in 4 hours and achieve blood EtOH concentrations of approximately 100 mg/dl, which is equivalent to binge drinking in humans. We used ex vivo whole‐cell recordings from putative VTA dopamine (DA) neurons to examine CRF regulation of NMDA receptor (NMDAR) currents. We also examined the impact of CRF receptor antagonist injection in the VTA on binge EtOH intake.ResultsEx vivo whole‐cell recordings from putative VTA DA neurons showed enhanced CRF‐mediated potentiation of NMDAR currents in juvenile mice that consumed EtOH in the DID procedure. CRF‐induced potentiation of NMDAR currents in EtOH‐drinking mice was blocked by administration of CP‐154,526 (3 μM), a selective CRF1 receptor antagonist. Furthermore, intra‐VTA infusion of CP‐154,526 (1 μg) significantly reduced binge EtOH consumption in adult mice. These results were not due to alterations of VTA NMDAR number or function, suggesting that binge drinking may enhance signaling through VTA CRF1 receptors onto NMDARs.ConclusionsAltered CRF1 receptor‐mediated signaling in the VTA promotes binge‐like EtOH consumption in mice, which supports the idea that CRF1 receptors may therefore be a promising pharmacological target for reducing binge drinking in humans.
Gender Differences in Lifetime Alcohol Dependence: Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions
Authors: Khan Sharaf , Okuda Mayumi , Hasin Deborah S. , Secades‐Villa Roberto , Keyes Katherine , Lin Keng‐Han , Grant Bridget , Blanco Carlos 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundAn extensive clinical literature has noted gender differences in the etiology and clinical characteristics of individuals with alcohol dependence (AD). Despite this knowledge, many important questions remain.MethodsUsing the 2001 to 2002 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (n = 43,093), we examined differences in sociodemographic characteristics, psychiatric and medical comorbidities, clinical correlates, risk factors, and treatment‐utilization patterns of men (N = 2,974) and women (N = 1,807) with lifetime AD.ResultsMen with lifetime AD were more likely than women to be diagnosed with any substance use disorder and antisocial personality disorder, whereas women were more likely to have mood and anxiety disorders. After adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and gender differences in psychiatric comorbidity in the general population, AD was associated with externalizing disorders and any mood disorder among women only. Men with AD met more criteria, had longer episodes, and were younger at the age of first drink. There were no gender differences in remission rates. Women with AD were more likely to have a family and a spouse with history of alcohol use disorders. Treatment rates were low for both genders, and women were more likely to report social stigmatization as a treatment barrier.ConclusionsThere are important gender differences in the psychiatric comorbidities, risk factors, clinical characteristics, and treatment‐utilization patterns among individuals with lifetime AD.
Health‐related quality of life – using the 15D instrument – of young adults with type 1 diabetes since childhood. Population‐based Oulu cohort study of diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Hannula Virva , Hautala Nina , Sintonen Harri , Falck Aura 
Published: June 2013

Abstract.Purpose:  The aim of this study was to evaluate the health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) of young adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) since childhood using the 15D instrument. The possible impact of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) on the HRQoL was focused on.Methods:  During the years 1989–1990, the prevalence of DR was evaluated from ocular fundus photographs of a population‐based cohort of children with T1D living in the Northern Osthrobothnia Hospital District, Finland. These 216 individuals were contacted 18 years later and invited for assessment of the 15D HRQoL as well as current stage of DR. The results were compared with age‐ and gender‐standardized Finnish general population.Results:  The 15D data were obtained from 123 patients aged 29 ± 3 years with a duration of diabetes of 23 ± 4 years. The mean 15D score was similar in the patients with T1D and the general population [0.954 ± 0.062 versus 0.964 ± 0.052, respectively (p = 0.085)]. However, the subgroup of patients with PDR (N = 38) had a statistically significantly lower mean 15D score than those subjects with nonproliferative or no DR [0.931 ± 0.086 versus 0.965 ± 0.044, respectively (p = 0.026)].Conclusion:  Young adults with T1D since childhood had 15D HRQoL score equal to that of age‐ and gender‐standardized general population as long as no more severe than nonproliferative DR was present. Presence of PDR, not T1D of long duration per se, significantly impaired the 15D score.
Cytotoxic, Antitumour and Antimetastatic Activity of Two New Polyacetylenes Isolated from Vernonia scorpioides (Lam.) Pers
Authors: Klein Juliana B. , Nowill Alexandre E. , Franchi Gilberto C. , Biavatti Maique W. , Quintão Nara L.M. , de Freitas Rilton A. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractVernonia scorpioides (Lam.) Pers., popularly known as Enxuga, Erva‐de‐São Simão and Piracá, has been used in folk medicine for its anti‐inflammatory, wound healing and antimicrobial properties. Two polyacetylenes, 5‐octa‐2,4,6‐triynyl‐furan‐2(5H)‐one (1) and 8′‐hydroxy 3‐4 dihydrovernoniyne (2), were isolated from the dichloromethane extract fraction of V. scorpioides. In this study, polyacetylene 1 demonstrated a more potent cytotoxic activity than 2 in the tumour cell lines examined, and cytotoxicity was found to be comparable to a commercial drug (p > 0.05) in melanoma cells. No significant cytotoxic effect was observed in normal cell lines. Furthermore, polyacetylene 1 induced an in vitro increase in caspase‐3 activity in B16F10 cells. When polyacetylene 1 was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) in mice, a reduction in solid tumour volume and metastasis was observed in mice injected with B16F10 cells. An increase in locomotor activity was also observed in mice with solid tumours, and an inhibition of mechanical hypersensitivity was observed in a mouse model of metastasis. Notably, no significant morphological change was observed in several organs harvested from the treated mice. In conclusion, in vitro and in vivo anticancer activity of polyacetylene 1 was consistently observed and involved the induction of apoptosis by the activation of caspase‐3. The anticancer activity demonstrated by polyacetylene 1, together with the absence of preliminary toxicological effects, represents a new and interesting option for the management of neoplastic disease.
Application of 11C‐acetate positron‐emission tomography (PET) imaging in prostate cancer: systematic review and meta‐analysis of the literature
Authors: Mohsen Beheshti , Giorgio Treglia , Rasoul Zakavi Seyed , Werner Langsteger , Ali Ghodsi Rad Mohammad , Reza Dabbagh Kakhki Vahid , Ramin Sadeghi 
Published: June 2013

To review the literature on the application of 11C‐acetate positron‐emission tomography (PET) imaging in prostate cancer.

We systematically reviewed the available literature and presented the results in meta‐analysis format.
PubMed, SCOPUS, ISI web of knowledge, Science Direct, Springer, and Google Scholar were searched with ‘Acetate AND PET AND Prostate’ as keywords.
All studies that evaluated accuracy of 11C‐acetate imaging in primary or recurrent prostate cancer were included, if enough data could be extracted for calculation of sensitivity and/or specificity.

In all, 23 studies were included in the study. For evaluation of primary tumour, pooled sensitivity was 75.1 (69.8–79.8)% and specificity was 75.8 (72.4–78.9)%.
For detection of recurrence, sensitivity was 64 (59–69)% and specificity was 93 (83–98)%. Sensitivity for recurrence detection was higher in post‐surgical vs post‐radiotherapy patients and in patients with PSA at relapse of >1 ng/mL.
Studies using PET/computed tomography vs PET also showed higher sensitivity for detection of recurrence.

Imaging with 11C‐acetate PET can be useful in patients with prostate cancer. This is especially true for evaluation of patients at PSA relapse, although the sensitivity is overall low.
For primary tumour evaluation (localisation of tumour in the prostate and differentiation of malignant from benign lesions), 11C‐acetate is of limited value due to low sensitivity and specificity.
Due to the poor quality of the included studies, the results should be interpreted with caution and further high‐quality studies are needed.
Systematic review and meta‐analysis of the clinical effectiveness of bipolar compared with monopolar transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)
Authors: Omar Muhammad Imran , Lam Thomas B. , Alexander Cameron E. , Graham John , Mamoulakis Charalampos , Imamura Mari , Maclennan Steven , Stewart Fiona , N'Dow James 
Published: June 2013

To compare monopolar and bipolar transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) for clinical effectiveness and adverse events.
We conducted an electronic search of MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, Science Citation Index, and also searched reference lists of articles and abstracts from conference proceedings for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing monopolar and bipolar TURP.
Two reviewers independently undertook data extraction and assessed the risk of bias in the included trials using the tool recommended by the Cochrane Collaboration.
The quality of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.
From the 949 abstracts that were identified, 94 full texts were assessed for eligibility and a total of 24 trials were included in the review.
No statistically significant differences were found in terms of International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) or health‐related quality of life (HRQL) score.
Results for maximum urinary flow rate were significant at 3, 6 and 12 months (all P < 0.001), but no clinically significant differences were found and the meta‐analysis showed evidence of heterogeneity
Bipolar TURP was associated with fewer adverse events including transurethral resection syndrome (risk ratio [RR] 0.12, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.05–0.31, P < 0.001), clot retention (RR 0.48, 95% CI 0.30–0.77, P = 0.002) and blood transfusion (RR 0.53, 95% CI 0.35–0.82, P = 0.004)
Several major methodological limitations were identified in the included trials; 22/24 trials had a short follow‐up of ≤1 year, there was no evidence of a sample size calculation in 20/24 trials and the application of GRADE showed the evidence for most of the assessed outcomes to be of moderate quality, including all those in which statistical differences were found.
Whilst there is no overall difference between monopolar and bipolar TURP for clinical effectiveness, bipolar TURP is associated with fewer adverse events and therefore has a superior safety profile.
Various methodological limitations were highlighted in the included trials and as such the results of this review should be interpreted with caution.
There is a need for further well‐conducted, multicentre RCTs with long‐term follow‐up data.
Live surgical education: a perspective from the surgeons who perform it
Authors: Khan Shahid A.A. , Chang Richard T.M. , Ahmed Kamran , Knoll Thomas , van Velthoven Roland , Challacombe Ben , Dasgupta Prokar , Rane Abhay 
Published: June 2013

Objective
To evaluate the experience and views regarding live surgical broadcasts (LSB) among European urologists attending the European Association of Urology Robotic Urology Society (ERUS) congress in September 2012.
Materials and Methods
An anonymous survey was distributed via email inviting the participants of the ERUS congress with experience of LSB to share their opinions about LSB.
The outcomes measured included; personal experience of LSB, levels of anxiety faced and the perceived surgical quality.
The impact of factors, such as communication/team‐working, travel fatigue and lack of specific equipment were also evaluated.
Results
In all, 106 surgeons responded with 98 (92.5%) reporting personal experience of LSB; 6.5% respondents noted ‘significant anxiety’ increasing to 19.4% when performing surgery away from home (P < 0.001).
Surgical quality was perceived as ‘slightly worse’ and ‘significantly worse’ by 16.1% and 2.2%, which deteriorated further to 23.9% and 3.3% respectively in a ‘foreign’ environment (P = 0.005).
In all, 10.9% of surgeons ‘always’ brought their own surgical team compared with 37% relying on their host institution; 2.4% raised significant concerns with their team and 18.8% encountered significantly more technical difficulties.
Lack of specific equipment (10.3%), language difficulties (6.2%) and jet lag (7.3%) were other significant factors reported.
In all, 75% of surgeons perceived the audience wanted a slick demonstration; however, 52.2% and 42.4% respectively also reported the audience wished the surgeon to struggle or manage a complication during a LSB.
Conclusions
A small proportion of surgeons had significantly heightened anxiety levels and lower perceived performance during LSB, which in a ‘foreign’ environment seemed to affect a greater proportion of surgeons.
Various factors appear to impact surgical performance raising concerns about the appropriateness of unregulated LSB as a teaching method.
To mitigate these concerns, surgeons' performing live surgery feel that the operation needs to be well planned using appropriate equipment; with many considering bringing their own team or operating from home on a video link.
Use of donor bladder tissues for in vitro research
Authors: Garthwaite Mary , Hinley Jennifer , Cross William , Warwick Ruth M. , Ambrose Anita , Hardaker Henry , Eardley Ian , Southgate Jennifer 
Published: June 2013

Objectives
To evaluate deceased non‐heart beating (DNHB) donors and deceased heart beating (DHB) brain‐stem dead donors, as sources of viable urological tissue for use in biomedical research.
To identify sources of viable human bladder tissue as an essential resource for cell biological research aimed at understanding human diseases of the bladder and for developing new tissue engineering and regenerative medicine strategies for bladder reconstruction. Typically, normal human urinary tract tissue is obtained from adult or paediatric surgical patients with benign urological conditions, but few surgical procedures yield useful quantities of healthy bladder tissue for research.
Patients and Methods
Research ethics committee approval was obtained for collection of donor bladder tissue. Consent for DHB donors was undertaken by the Donor Transplant Coordinators. Tissue Donor Coordinators were responsible for consent for DNHB donors and the retrieval of bladders was coordinated through the National Blood Service Tissue Banking Service.
All retrievals were performed by practicing urologists and care was taken to maintain sterility and to minimise bacterial contamination.
Two bladders were retrieved from DNHB donors and four were retrieved from DHB donors.
Results
By histology, DNHB donor bladder tissue exhibited marked urothelial tissue damage and necrosis, with major loss or absence of urothelium. No cell cultures could be established from these specimens, as the urothelial cells were not viable in primary culture.
Bladder urothelium from DHB donors was intact, but showed some damage, including loss of superficial cells and variable separation from the basement membrane.
All four DHB bladder specimens yielded viable urothelial cells that attached in primary culture, but cell growth was slow to establish and cultures showed a limited capacity to form a functional barrier epithelium and a propensity to senesce early.
Conclusions
We have shown that normal human bladder urothelial cell cultures can be established and serially propagated from DHB donor bladders.
However, our study suggests that rapid post‐mortem changes to the bladder affect the quality and viability of the urothelium, rendering tissue from DNHB donors an inadequate source for urothelial cell culture.
Our experience is that whereas patients are willing to donate surgical tissue for research, there is a barrier to obtaining consent from next of kin for retrieved tissues to be used for research purposes.
Continuous vs conventional bipolar plasma vaporisation of the prostate and standard monopolar resection: a prospective, randomised comparison of a new technological advance
Authors: Geavlete Bogdan , Stanescu Florin , Moldoveanu Cristian , Geavlete Petrisor 
Published: June 2013

Objectives
To evaluate in a prospective, randomised trial the surgical efficiency and safety of a new energy source enabling a continuous bipolar plasma vaporisation of the prostate (C‐BPVP) by comparing with standard vaporisation (S‐BPVP) and monopolar transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
To comparatively assess the short‐term functional outcome of the three methods.
Patients and Methods
In all, 180 men with BPH with prostate volumes of 30–80 mL, maximum urinary flow rates (Qmax) of <10 mL/s and International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) of >19 were equally randomised for C‐BPVP, S‐BPVP and monopolar TURP.
All men were evaluated preoperatively and at 1, 3 and 6 months after surgery by IPSS, Qmax, health‐related quality of life (HRQL) score and post‐void residual urine volume (PVR).
The prostate volume and PSA level were postoperatively assessed at 6 months.
Results
The mean operation time was significantly reduced in C‐BPVP vs S‐BPVP and TURP, with a substantial 22.4% and 39.1% decrease in duration for C‐BPVP when compared with S‐BPVP and TURP, respectively.
The mean haemoglobin level decrease (0.4 and 0.6 vs 1.4 g/dL), capsular perforation rate (1.7% and 3.3% vs 10%), postoperative haematuria rate (1.7% and 1.7% vs 13.3%), catheterisation period (24.1 and 23.9 vs 73.6 h) and hospital stay (2.1 and 2.2 vs 4.5 days) were significantly lower for C‐BPVP and S‐BPVP vs TURP.
At 1, 3 and 6 months follow‐up, there were statistically ameliorated IPSS and Qmax measurements in the C‐BPVP and S‐BPVP series, while similar HRQL scores, PVRs, PSA levels and postoperative prostate volumes were found in all three study arms.
Conclusions
The operation time for C‐BPVP was on average 20% and 40% quicker than S‐BPVP and TURP, respectively.
Both C‐BPVP and S‐BPVP had better perioperative safety and improved follow‐up voiding and symptom scores than TURP.
Engagement in family activities: a quantitative, comparative study of children with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities and children with typical development
Authors: Axelsson A. K. , Granlund M. , Wilder J. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundParticipation is known to be of great importance for children's development and emotional well‐being as well as for their families. In the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health – Children and Youth version participation is defined as a person's ‘involvement in a life situation’. Engagement is closely related to involvement and can be seen as expressions of involvement or degree of involvement within a situation. This study focuses on children's engagement in family activities; one group of families with a child with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PIMD) and one group of families with children with typical development (TD) were compared.MethodsA descriptive study using questionnaires. Analyses were mainly performed by using Mann–Whitney U‐test and Spearman's rank correlation test.ResultsEngagement in family activities differed in the two groups of children. The children with PIMD had a lower level of engagement in most family activities even though the activities that engaged the children to a higher or lesser extent were the same in both groups. Child engagement was found to correlate with family characteristics mostly in the children with TD and in the children with PIMD only negative correlations occurred. In the children with PIMD child engagement correlated with cognition in a high number of listed family activities and the children had a low engagement in routines in spite of these being frequently occurring activities.ConclusionsLevel of engagement in family activities in the group of children with PIMD was lower compared with that in the group of children with TD. Families with a child with PIMD spend much time and effort to adapt family living patterns to the child's functioning.