bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct Hospital Cost Determinants Following Hip and Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Peel T. N. , Cheng A. C. , Liew D. , Buising K. L. , Lisik J. , Carroll K. A. , Choong P. F. M. , Dowsey M. M. 
Published: December 2014

ObjectiveTotal joint arthroplasty (TJA) places a significant economic burden on health care resources. This cohort study examines the costs associated with arthroplasty in 827 patients undergoing hip and knee TJA from January 2011 to June 2012 at a single center in Melbourne, Australia.MethodsData included total inpatient, outpatient, and readmissions costs in the 30 days following TJA. Factors associated with cost were modeled using negative binomial regression and extrapolated to the Australian population.ResultsThe base cost (i.e., the cost for a patient with no modifying factors) over the first 30 days following TJA was $13,060 Australian (AU) (interquartile range $12,126–14,067 AU). The median length of stay was 4 days (range 2–33 days) and 35 patients (4%) were readmitted in the first 30 days following index TJA, the majority of whom had a surgical site infection (SSI) (74%). The following factors were independently associated with increased costs: SSI, preoperative warfarin therapy, American Society of Anesthesiologists score of 3 or 4, hip TJA, increasing operation time, increasing postoperative blood transfusion requirements, other nosocomial infections, postoperative venous thromboembolism (VTE), pressure ulcers, postoperative confusion, and acute urinary retention. Based on data from the present study, the cost of TJA in Australia is estimated to exceed $1 billion AU per year. Preventable postoperative complications were major cost drivers: SSI and VTE added a further $97 million AU and $66 million AU, respectively, to arthroplasty costs in the first 30 days following surgery.ConclusionThis unique study has identified important factors influencing TJA costs and providing guidance for future research and resource allocation.
Prevalence of Chronic Axial Pain, Inflammatory Back Pain, and Spondyloarthritis in Diagnosed Psoriasis
Authors: Thom Nicole , Ritchlin Christopher T. , Zhang Xiao , Reveille John , Weisman Michael H. 
Published: December 2014

ObjectiveTo provide prevalence estimates for inflammatory back pain (IBP) and spondyloarthritis (SpA) in those subjects with psoriasis using 2009–2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data.MethodsIn the NHANES 2009–2010 sample set, 6,684 persons ages 20–69 years were screened for participation, and 5,103 answered questions regarding onset of back pain, location of pain, and functional limitations. Data set assembly and statistical analysis were performed using SASTM and SUDAAN software. SEs were estimated by Taylor series linearization. The equality of the prevalence estimates for selected variables was tested (univariately) at an alpha level of 0.05 using 2‐sided Student's t‐test with appropriate degrees of freedom.ResultsA total of 148 persons had self‐reported medically diagnosed psoriasis. The psoriasis group versus the nonpsoriasis group had a significantly higher prevalence of axial pain using the 3‐month duration criterion (31.1% versus 18.9%; P = 0.04) and alternating buttock pain (7.2% versus 2.4%; P = 0.03) and more frequently met IBP criteria from Berlin criteria 7b and 8a (P = 0.04 and 0.02, respectively). The prevalence of SpA was significantly higher in the psoriasis group versus the nonpsoriasis group when using Amor or European Spondyloarthritis Study Group criteria (14.3% versus 1.5%; P < 0.001). Sudden onset of axial pain was significantly higher in the psoriasis group (23.3% versus 13.0%; P = 0.01).ConclusionThere is a higher prevalence of lower axial pain, IBP, SpA, and alternating buttock pain associated with a prior diagnosis of psoriasis. These data may influence the way psoriasis patients are approached in primary care and specialty clinics.
Do Patients Undergoing Physical Testing Report Pain Intensity Reliably?
Authors: White Steven G. , McNair Peter , Laslett Mark , Hing Wayne 
Published: December 2014

ObjectiveTo determine the reliability of patient reports of pain intensity during the application of physical tests.MethodsA single examiner required participants to use the numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) to report the intensity of pain provoked during physical testing of the hip. Standardized versions of 14 physical tests were used on 18 people with hip pain. Tests were repeated at 1 hour and 2–7 days later. Within‐ and between‐session reliability of reports of pain intensity was calculated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and Lin's concordance correlation coefficients (CCCs). Standard errors of measurement (SEMs) were calculated.ResultsICC/CCC values for within‐session reports of pain intensity ranged from 0.34 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] −0.08, 0.66) to 0.88 (95% CI 0.73, 0.95). Patients demonstrated “substantial” or “almost perfect” reliability in reporting pain intensity with 9 of 14 tests and “moderate” reliability with 3 tests. Two tests were unreliable (ICC 0.35 and 0.34). ICC/CCC values for between‐session reports of pain intensity ranged from −0.05 (95% CI −0.42, 0.34) to 0.84 (95% CI 0.44, 0.95). Patients demonstrated substantial or almost perfect reliability in reporting pain intensity with 11 of 14 tests. Two tests were unreliable (ICC 0.26 and −0.05). The average SEM value of 0.9 points on the NPRS was the same for both within‐ and between‐session testing (range 0.6–1.6).ConclusionPatient reports of the intensity of pain provoked by physical tests are sufficiently reliable to be clinically useful. However, the SEM of 0.9 points should be considered when precise calculations of changes in pain intensity are important.
Facile Dearomatization of Nitroquinolines through [3+2] and [4+2] Cycloaddition Reactions
Authors: Bastrakov Maxim A. , Starosotnikov Alexey M. , Kachala Vadim V. , Fedyanin Ivan V. , Shevelev Svyatoslav A. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAn efficient method was developed for the functionalization of nitroquinolines by employing pericyclic [3+2] and [4+2] cycloaddition reactions. The facile dearomatization of the nitrated benzene ring under the action of unstabilized N‐alkyl azomethine ylides and dienes led to fused heterocyclic systems. The 1,3‐dipoles smoothly and selectively underwent a cycloaddition reaction with the CC(NO2) fragment of the aromatic system if the position ortho to the nitro group was vacant, whereas the [4+2] cycloaddition of dienes required a furoxan ring to be annulated to the quinoline moiety.
Layer‐Dependent Nonlinear Optical Properties and Stability of Non‐Centrosymmetric Modification in Few‐Layer GaSe Sheets
Authors: Jie Wenjing , Chen Xi , Li Dian , Xie Lu , Hui Yeung Yu , Lau Shu Ping , Cui Xiaodong , Hao Jianhua 
Published: December 2014

AbstractGallium selenide, an important second‐order nonlinear semiconductor, has received much scientific interest. However, the nonlinear properties in its two‐dimensional (2D) form are still unknown. A strong second harmonic generation (SHG) in bilayer and multilayer GaSe sheets is reported. This is also the first observation of SHG on 2D GaSe thin layers. The SHG of multilayer GaSe above five layers shows a quadratic dependence on the thickness; while that of a sheet thinner than five layers shows a cubic dependence. The discrepancy between the two SHG responses is attributed to the weakened stability of non‐centrosymmetric GaSe in the atomically thin flakes where a layer–layer stacking order tends to favor centrosymmetric modification. Importantly, two‐photon excited fluorescence has also been observed in the GaSe sheets. Our free‐energy calculations based on first‐principles methods support the observed nonlinear optical phenomena of the atomically thin layers.
Photocatalytic Water Oxidation by a Pyrochlore Oxide upon Irradiation with Visible Light: Rhodium Substitution Into Yttrium Titanate
Authors: Kiss Borbala , Didier Christophe , Johnson Timothy , Manning Troy D. , Dyer Matthew S. , Cowan Alexander J. , Claridge John B. , Darwent James R. , Rosseinsky Matthew J. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA stable visible‐light‐driven photocatalyst (λ≥450 nm) for water oxidation is reported. Rhodium substitution into the pyrochlore Y2Ti2O7 is demonstrated by monitoring Vegard′s law evolution of the unit‐cell parameters with changing rhodium content, to a maximum content of 3 % dopant. Substitution renders the solid solutions visible‐light active. The overall rate of oxygen evolution is comparable to WO3 but with superior light‐harvesting and surface‐area‐normalized turnover rates, making Y2Ti1.94Rh0.06O7 an excellent candidate for use in a Z‐scheme water‐splitting system.
A General Synthesis of Fluoroalkylated Alkenes by Palladium‐Catalyzed Heck‐Type Reaction of Fluoroalkyl Bromides
Authors: Feng Zhang , Min Qiao‐Qiao , Zhao Hai‐Yang , Gu Ji‐Wei , Zhang Xingang 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAn efficient palladium‐catalyzed Heck‐type reaction of fluoroalkyl halides, including perfluoroalkyl bromides, trifluoromethyl iodides, and difluoroalkyl bromides, has been developed. The reaction proceeds under mild reaction conditions with high efficiency and broad substrate scope, and provides a general and straightforward access to fluoroalkylated alkenes which are of interest in life and material sciences.
Brief Report: Long‐Term Assessment of Fibromyalgia in Patients With Culture‐Confirmed Lyme Disease
Authors: Wormser Gary P. , Weitzner Erica , McKenna Donna , Nadelman Robert B. , Scavarda Carol , Farber Shimon , Prakash Priya , Ash Julia , Nowakowski John 
Published: December 2014

ObjectiveFibromyalgia (FM) occurs in 2–8% of the general population, and one of the triggers may be Lyme disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate for FM in patients with culture‐confirmed Lyme disease.MethodsPatients with culture‐confirmed Lyme disease who originally presented with erythema migrans were enrolled in a prospective study between 1991 and 2000 and have been evaluated annually to determine their long‐term outcomes. In 2011–2013, the patients were evaluated for FM, by both interview and tender point examination.ResultsAmong the 100 patients assessed, 52% were male, and the mean age was 64.9 years (median 64 years [range 42–86 years]). The mean duration of followup was 15.4 years (median 16 years [range 11–20 years]). At least 24 of the patients (24%) had experienced a second episode of erythema migrans before being evaluated for fibromyalgia. One patient (1% [95% confidence interval 0.025–5.4%]) met the criteria for fibromyalgia. In this patient, the symptoms consistent with fibromyalgia began >19 years after Lyme disease was diagnosed.ConclusionFibromyalgia was observed in only 1% of 100 patients with culture‐confirmed early Lyme disease; this frequency is consistent with that observed in the general population.
Verankerungsverhalten von Verbunddübelleisten in schlanken Betongurten
Authors: Claßen Martin , Hegger Josef 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIn Stahl‐Beton‐Verbundträgern des Hochbaus treten Zugbeanspruchungen und Abhebewirkungen in der Verbundfuge zwischen Stahlträger und Betongurt in der Regel mit vergleichsweise kleinen Lastordinaten (verglichen mit der Abscherbeanspruchung) auf, sodass diese vertikal zur Verbundfuge wirkenden Beanspruchungen im Allgemeinen nicht bemessungsrelevant werden. Dies gilt allerdings nicht, wenn einzelne Verbundmittel oder Verbundmittelgruppen zur planmäßigen Verankerung von Zugkräften in Betongurten herangezogen werden. Während das Zugtragverhalten von Verankerungen mit konventionellen Verbundmitteln wie Kopfbolzendübeln bereits umfassend erforscht ist, fehlen entsprechende Untersuchungen und Tragmodelle für Verbunddübelleisten bislang. Dies gilt insbesondere für das Verankerungsverhalten von Verbunddübelleisten in schlanken und gerissenen Betongurten. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden Zugversuche an puzzleförmigen Verbunddübeln in schlanken Betongurten beschrieben, bei denen neben verschiedenen Bewehrungsführungen insbesondere der Einfluss unterschiedlicher Längsspannungszustände (Längsdruck, Längszug und Rissbildung) im Betongurt untersucht wurde. Hierzu wurden eigene Versuchsstände entwickelt. Die durchgeführten Versuche wurden mithilfe eines dreidimensionalen, nicht linearen Finite‐Elemente‐Modells simuliert und analysiert. Abschließend wird ein Ingenieurmodell zur Berechnung der Bruchlast von einzelnen Verbunddübeln und Verbunddübelgruppen in bewehrtem und unbewehrtem Beton vorgestellt.Anchoring behavior of composite dowels in slender concrete chordsUsually, lifting and tensile stresses between the steel profile and the concrete slab of steel‐concrete composite beams are unplanned and have comparatively small load ordinates compared to the transferred shear forces. That is why, these vertically lifting forces are generally not relevant for the dimensioning of the composite joint. But, this does not apply if shear connectors are systematically used for the anchorage of tensile forces. While the anchorage behavior of conventional shear connectors, like headed studs, is already extensively studied, appropriate investigations on the anchorage behavior of composite dowels are lacking so far, especially for composite dowels in slender and cracked concrete chords. In this paper, the anchorage behavior of an innovative, puzzle‐shaped composite dowel is investigated in cracked and uncracked concrete chords. Besides different arrangements of reinforcement, the influence of different longitudinal stress levels in the concrete slab (tensile stress, compressive stress) is explored, in particular. To this end, own test setups were developed. All tests were recalculated using a three‐dimensional, nonlinear finite element model. Finally, an engineering model for the calculation of the load bearing capacity of single composite dowels and composite dowel groups in reinforced and unreinforced concrete is presented.
Grundlagen zur Entwicklung adaptiver Schalungssysteme für frei geformte Betonschalen und Wände
Authors: Michel Matthias , Knaack Ulrich 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBei gekrümmten Bauformen aus Beton bestimmt die Schalung den Aufwand maßgeblich. Formaktive frei geformte Betonstrukturen wie Schalentragwerke sind effiziente Tragsysteme, werden aber durch hohe Schalungskosten oft unwirtschaftlich. Eine wandelbare Schalung für solche Ortbetonstrukturen, die mehrmals einsetzbar und computergestützt immer wieder in andere Formen zu bringen sind, wird positive Auswirkungen auf Umsetzung und Verbreitung solcher Tragwerke haben. Dieser Artikel berichtet über Erkenntnisse der Grundlagenforschung zu adaptiven zweihäuptigen Schalungssystemen für Ortbetonschalen und Wände, die im Rahmen des DFG‐Schwerpunktprogramms ‘Leicht Bauen mit Beton’ durchgeführt wird. Beschrieben werden die gefundenen Typologien der Aktuator‐Schalhaut‐Systeme, ihre verschiedenen Funktionsweisen, Anforderungen und geometrischen Gesetzmäßigkeiten. Anhand der Entwicklung eines Materialgefüges wird der Umgang mit dem systemimmanenten Widerspruch behandelt, dass ein adaptives Schalmaterial großen Frischbetondrücken widerstehen muss, gleichzeitig aber zur Umformung ‘weich’ zu sein hat.Fundamentals of development for adaptive formwork for free formed concrete shells and wallsWhen it comes to construction of free form in situ cast concrete walls and shells, the manufacturing effort of the formwork dominates the overall production costs. Concrete shells are efficient structures by themselves but get expensive due to the reason stated above. An adaptable formwork, reusable and able to adjust computer controlled to various geometries will have positive impact on the realization of such in situ cast concrete forms. This paper gives insight into the DFG‐promoted fundamental research results on adaptive two sided formwork systems. Found typologies of actuator and formwork surface will be described as well as their functionalities, requirements and geometrical principles. On the basis of the development of an adaptive formwork material, the authors describe how to cope with contradicting demands: An elastically defomable formwork material, capable to resist high fresh concrete pressures during casting at the same time.
Far‐Red Fluorogenic Probes for Esterase and Lipase Detection
Authors: Tallman Katie R. , Beatty Kimberly E. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractFluorogenic enzyme probes go from a dark to a bright state following hydrolysis and can provide a sensitive, real‐time readout of enzyme activity. They are useful for examining enzymatic activity in bacteria, including the human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Herein, we describe two fluorogenic esterase probes derived from the far‐red fluorophore 7‐hydroxy‐9H‐(1,3‐dichloro‐9,9‐dimethylacridin‐2‐one) (DDAO). These probes offer enhanced optical properties compared to existing esterase probes because the hydrolysis product, DDAO, excites above 600 nm while retaining a good quantum yield (ϕ=0.40). We validated both probes with a panel of commercially available enzymes alongside known resorufin‐ and fluorescein‐derived esterase substrates. Furthermore, we used these probes to reveal esterase activity in protein gel‐resolved mycobacterial lysates. These probes represent new tools for esterase detection and characterization and should find use in a variety of applications.
Photochromic Dithienylethene‐Containing Triarylborane Derivatives: Facile Approach to Modulate Photochromic Properties with Multi‐addressable Functions
Authors: Poon Chun‐Ting , Lam Wai Han , Wong Hok‐Lai , Yam Vivian Wing‐Wah 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA series of dithienylethene‐containing triarylboranes has been designed, synthesized, and characterized. The electrochemistry, photophysics, and photochromic behavior have also been studied. The photophysical and photochromic properties could be facilely tuned in this system by varying the thiophene spacers (thiophene, thienothiophene, and bithiophene) between the dithienylethene and the dimesitylboron (BMes2) or the position of the BMes2 substitution in the thiophene spacers. The absorption of closed form has been found to be more sensitive towards the structural modification upon incorporation of the BMes2 unit. Moreover, multi‐addressable photochromic reactivity is obtained upon addition of Lewis base (F−), which is due to the formation of boron–Lewis base adduct. The dependence of the photophysical and photochromic properties on the thiophene spacers and the position of the BMes2 substitution has been further supported by computational studies.
A Versatile Synthesis of β‐Lactam‐Fused Oxacycles through the Palladium‐Catalyzed Chemo‐, Regio‐, and Diastereoselective Cyclization of Allenic Diols
Authors: Alcaide Benito , Almendros Pedro , Carrascosa Rocío , Casarrubios Luis , Soriano Elena 
Published: December 2014

AbstractChemo‐, regio‐ and stereocontrolled palladium‐catalyzed preparations of enantiopure morpholines, oxocines, and dioxonines have been developed starting from 2‐azetidinone‐tethered γ,δ‐, δ,ε‐, and ε,ζ‐allendiols. The palladium‐catalyzed cyclizative coupling reaction of γ,δ‐allendiols 2 with allyl bromide or lithium bromide was effective as 8‐endo cyclization by attack of the primary hydroxy group to the terminal allene carbon to afford enantiopure functionalized oxocines; whereas the palladium‐catalyzed cyclizative coupling reaction of 2‐azetidinone‐tethered ε,ζ‐allendiols 4 furnished dioxonines 16 through a totally chemo‐ and regioselective 9‐endo oxycyclization. By contrast, the palladium‐catalyzed cyclizative coupling reaction of 2‐azetidinone‐tethered δ,ε‐allendiols 3 with aryl and alkenyl halides exclusively generated six‐membered‐ring compounds 14 a and 15 a. These results could be explained through a 6‐exo cyclization by chemo‐ and regiospecific attack of the secondary hydroxy group to the internal allene carbon. Chemo‐ and regiocontrol issues are mainly influenced by the length of the tether rather than by the nature of the metal catalysts and substituents. This reactivity can be rationalized by means of density functional theory calculations.
Chemoselective Chromium(II)‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Dichlorinated Heteroaromatics with Functionalized Aryl Grignard Reagents
Authors: Steib Andreas K. , Kuzmina Olesya M. , Fernandez Sarah , Malhotra Sushant , Knochel Paul 
Published: December 2014

AbstractChromium(II) chloride catalyzes the chemoselective cross‐coupling reaction of dichloropyridines with a range of functionalized (hetero)aromatic Grignard reagents at room temperature. Functional groups, such as esters and acetals, are well tolerated in this transformation. Previously challenging substrates, quinolines and isoquinolines, participate in the selective Cr‐catalyzed cross‐coupling in cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME) as the solvent. The effective purging of Cr salts is demonstrated by using various solid supports.
Biaryl Synthesis by Ring‐Opening Friedel–Crafts Arylation of 1,4‐Epoxy‐1,4‐dihydronaphthalenes Catalyzed by Iron Trichloride
Authors: Sawama Yoshinari , Asai Shota , Kawajiri Takahiro , Monguchi Yasunari , Sajiki Hironao 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBiaryl and heterobiaryl compounds are important frameworks across a range of fields including pharmaceutical and functional material chemistries. We have accomplished the efficient synthesis of various naphthalene‐linked arenes and heteroarenes as biaryls and heterobiaryls by the FeCl3‐catalyzed Friedel‐Crafts reactions accompanied by the ring‐opening of the 1,4‐epoxy moiety of 1,4‐epoxy‐1,4‐dihydronaphthalenes. Especially, it is noteworthy that 1‐silylated substrates were regioselectively transformed to the 3‐aryl‐1‐silylnaphthalenes and the double Friedel–Crafts reactions using thiophene derivatives could directly produce the corresponding bis‐naphthlated thiophene derivatives.
A Convenient Synthesis of N‐Aryl Benzamides by Rhodium‐Catalyzed ortho‐Amidation and Decarboxylation of Benzoic Acids
Authors: Shi Xian‐Ying , Liu Ke‐Yan , Fan Juan , Dong Xue‐Fen , Wei Jun‐Fa , Li Chao‐Jun 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe rhodium‐catalyzed amidation of substituted benzoic acids with isocyanates by directed CH functionalization followed by decarboxylation to afford the corresponding N‐aryl benzamides is demonstrated, in which the carboxylate serves as a unique, removable directing group. Notably, less common meta‐substituted N‐aryl benzamides are generated readily from more accessible para‐ or ortho‐substituted groups by employing this strategy.