bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cryo‐EM model validation using independent map reconstructions
Authors: DiMaio Frank , Zhang Junjie , Chiu Wah , Baker David 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAn increasing number of cryo‐electron microscopy (cryo‐EM) density maps are being generated with suitable resolution to trace the protein backbone and guide sidechain placement. Generating and evaluating atomic models based on such maps would be greatly facilitated by independent validation metrics for assessing the fit of the models to the data. We describe such a metric based on the fit of atomic models with independent test maps from single particle reconstructions not used in model refinement. The metric provides a means to determine the proper balance between the fit to the density and model energy and stereochemistry during refinement, and is likely to be useful in determining values of model building and refinement metaparameters quite generally.
Improving transparency of bilateral control system by sliding mode assist disturbance observer
Authors: Tian Dapeng , Yashiro Daisuke , Ohnishi Kouhei 
Published: April 2013

AbstractTransparency is an important indicator to evaluate the performance of a bilateral control system. Uncompensated disturbances in high frequency degrade the transparency in the traditional disturbance observer (DOB) based bilateral control. This paper analyzes the influence of the uncompensated disturbances, and proposes a sliding mode assist disturbance observer (SMADO) to solve the problem. The sliding mode technique helps the original DOB to estimate the disturbances in high frequency by making use of a rapid switching control value. The required switching gain is small in the proposal, which is good for alleviating the chattering. Moreover, to avoid conservative and arbitrary design of the switching gain, a reasonable benchmark is proposed by employing the estimation error between the original DOB and another parallel DOB with a different cutoff frequency. The validity of the proposal is confirmed by experiments. © 2013 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Runtime data‐based characterization and torque estimation of switched reluctance motors
Authors: Kucuk Fuat , Goto Hiroki , Guo Hai‐Jiao , Ichinokura Osamu 
Published: April 2013

AbstractHigh‐performance control of a switched reluctance (SR) motor strictly requires an accurate nonlinear motor model as well as an appropriate control strategy. Since recent modeling methods are either complex or not accurate enough, this paper focuses on overcoming such drawdacks. An experimental method is proposed to collect useful data for modeling a 6/4 SR motor at running condition. Nonlinear modeling is done by an algorithm, which also enables simple static torque computation. The algorithm presents not only the static torque data but also an estimator model for instantaneous torque estimation during real‐time operation, which is very important for most torque control strategies. The nonlinear model is experimantally tested, and its accuracy verified. © 2013 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Flywheel‐based AC cache power for stand‐alone power systems
Authors: Cheng Miao‐Miao , Kato Shuhei , Sumitani Hideo , Shimada Ryuichi 
Published: April 2013

AbstractStand‐alone power systems (SPS) are attracting more and more interest with the global move toward distributed generation (DG). Without strong support from the power grid, they suffer from poor load‐following capability at varying loads. A cache power that has fast response and high energy efficiency is demanded. As a solution, this paper provides an AC power technology based on flywheel energy storage. Different from the other DC generation technologies such as electric double layer capacitor (EDLC) or superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES), the proposed flywheel system generates AC power and therefore can be directly connected to the power line without any power semiconductors. Furthermore, the proposed technology realizes power in/out automatically in response to the frequency/voltage variation of the power line. Therefore, this system has the advantages of robustness, simplicity, and fast response. Besides, by getting rid of power semiconductors, the proposed flywheel system has a good overload capability as high as two to three times. We prove by simulation and experimentation the validity and effectiveness of the proposed technology to provide cache power for stand‐alone power systems. © 2013 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Acute administration of l‐tyrosine alters energetic metabolism of hippocampus and striatum of infant rats
Authors: Ramos Ândrea C. , Ferreira Gabriela K. , Carvalho‐Silva Milena , Furlanetto Camila B. , Gonçalves Cinara L. , Ferreira Gustavo C. , Schuck Patrícia F. , Streck Emilio L. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractTyrosinemia type II is an inborn error of metabolism caused by mutations in the gene that encodes tyrosine aminotransferase, which leads to increased blood tyrosine levels. Considering that tyrosine levels are highly elevated in fluids of patients with tyrosinemia type II, and that previous studies demonstrated significant alterations in brain energy metabolism of young rats caused by l‐tyrosine, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of acute administration of l‐tyrosine on the activities of citrate synthase, malate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, and mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I, II, II–III, and IV in posterior cortex, hippocampus, and striatum of infant rats. Wistar rats (10 days old) were killed 1 h after a single intraperitoneal injection of tyrosine (500 mg/kg) or saline. The activities of energy metabolism enzymes were evaluated in brain of rats. Our results demonstrated that acute administration of l‐tyrosine inhibited the activity of citrate synthase activity in striatum and increased the activities of malate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase in hippocampus. On the other hand, these enzymes were not affected in posterior cortex. The activities of complex I and complex II were inhibited by acute administration of l‐tyrosine in striatum. On the other hand, the acute administration of l‐tyrosine increased the activity of activity of complex II–III in hippocampus. Complex IV was not affected by acute administration of l‐tyrosine in infant rats. Our results indicate an alteration in the energy metabolism in hippocampus and striatum of infant rats after acute administration of l‐tyrosine. If the same effects occur in the brain of the patients, it is possible that energy metabolism impairment may be contribute to possible damage in memory and cognitive processes in patients with tyrosinemia type II.
Vascular alterations in PDAPP mice after anti‐Aβ immunotherapy: Implications for amyloid‐related imaging abnormalities
Authors: Zago Wagner , Schroeter Sally , Guido Teresa , Khan Karen , Seubert Peter , Yednock Ted , Schenk Dale , Gregg Keith M. , Games Dora , Bard Frédérique , Kinney Gene G. 
Published: April 2013

BackgroundClinical studies of β‐amyloid (Aβ) immunotherapy in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients have demonstrated reduction of central Aβ plaque by positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and the appearance of amyloid‐related imaging abnormalities (ARIA). To better understand the relationship between ARIA and the pathophysiology of AD, we undertook a series of studies in PDAPP mice evaluating vascular alterations in the context of central Aβ pathology and after anti‐Aβ immunotherapy.MethodsWe analyzed PDAPP mice treated with either 3 mg/kg/week of 3D6, the murine form of bapineuzumab, or isotype control antibodies for periods ranging from 1 to 36 weeks and evaluated the vascular alterations in the context of Aβ pathology and after anti‐Aβ immunotherapy. The number of mice in each treatment group ranged from 26 to 39 and a total of 345 animals were analyzed.ResultsThe central vasculature displayed morphological abnormalities associated with vascular Aβ deposits. Treatment with 3D6 antibody induced clearance of vascular Aβ that was spatially and temporally associated with a transient increase in microhemorrhage and in capillary Aβ deposition. Microhemorrhage resolved over a time period that was associated with a recovery of vascular morphology and a decrease in capillary Aβ accumulation.ConclusionsThese data suggest that vascular leakage events, such as microhemorrhage, may be related to the removal of vascular Aβ. With continued treatment, this initial susceptibility period is followed by restoration of vascular morphology and reduced vulnerability to further vascular leakage events. The data collectively suggested a vascular amyloid clearance model of ARIA, which accounts for the currently known risk factors for the incidence of ARIA in clinical studies.
Taylor, Transcendental Arguments, and Hegel on Consciousness
Authors: Stern Robert 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn this paper, I consider Charles Taylor's classic article ‘The Opening Arguments of thePhenomenology’, in which Taylor presents an account of the Consciousness chapter of thePhenomenologyas a transcendental argument. I set Taylor's discussion in context and present its main themes. I then consider a recent objection to Taylor's approach put forward by Stephen Houlgate: namely, that to see Hegel as using transcendental arguments would be to violate Hegel's requirement that his method in thePhenomenologyneeds to bepresuppositionless. I concede that Houlgate's criticism of Taylor has some force, but argue that nonetheless Taylor can suggest instead that although Hegel is not offering transcendentalargumentshere, he can plausibly be read as making transcendentalclaims, so that perhaps Houlgate and Taylor are not so far apart after all, notwithstanding this disagreement.
Hegel, Human Rights, and Political Membership
Authors: Buchwalter Andrew 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis paper examines Hegel's view of the relationship of human rights and political membership. Attention is accorded the concept of a right to have rights, one famously thematized by Hannah Arendt but articulated already earlier by Hegel. The discussion has five parts. Part One considers how for Hegel a notion of political membership is entailed by the concept of right itself. Part Two examines the place occupied by modern civil society in a realised account of human rights. Part Three considers the challenges posed to realised right by the phenomenon of modern poverty and the experience of ‘rightlessness’ it occasions. Part Four details how Hegel's conception of the corporation addresses the phenomenon of rightlessness, taking into account his uniquely reflexive understanding of a right to have rights and its contribution to the project of thePhilosophy of Right. The concluding section briefly compares Hegel's conception of membership rights to Arendt's.
Incense: Ritual, Health Effects and Prudence
Authors: NAIR URMILA 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe burning of candles and incense is common in religious ceremonies worldwide. Analysis of incense smoke has shown the presence of particulate matter, volatile organic compounds, aldehydes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons that are hazardous to health. Long-term exposure to smoke formed during combustion can cause airway dysfunction, allergic reactions and dermatological effects and is a risk factor implicated in the development of other serious diseases. In this paper the effect of these studies are reviewed and simple precautions suggested to avoid toxic effects of incense smoke.
Gaping Gaps? Implications of the ‘Bible in the Life of the Church’ Project for Bridging the Anglican Hermeneutic Divide
Authors: Ross Alexander 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis paper seeks to explore the ‘hermeneutical gaps’ identified in a recent and ongoing investigation across the Anglican Communion into the way the Bible is read within worldwide Anglicanism. This investigation is of contemporary importance to the Anglican Communion as the Project's findings were recently presented to the 15th Anglican Consultative Council in October 2012. The ‘hermeneutical gaps’ which have been identified shed important insights into the strained fellowship which currently seems characteristic of the Communion. The approach of this paper is to evaluate whether these ‘gaps’ are symptomatic of an inevitable fracturing within the Communion or whether points of apparent disconnect in the use of the Bible are able to be bridged, held together or reconciled for the benefit of Anglicanism's common life.
Dual‐band circularly‐polarised Spidron fractal microstrip patch antenna for Ku‐band satellite communication applications
Authors: Nguyen Thi T. , Hwang K.C. , Kim H.B. 
Published: April 2013

A dual‐band circularly‐polarised antenna implemented on a single substrate is proposed for Ku‐band satellite communication. A microstrip‐fed Spidron fractal patch is utilised to achieve dual‐band resonance and circular polarisation. The proposed antenna, with dimensions of 50 × 50 × 1.52 mm3, has also been fabricated and tested. The measured −10 dB reflection bandwidths are 8.7% (11.44–12.48 GHz) and 6.6% (13.47–14.39 GHz), exhibiting a small resonant frequency ratio of 1.15. The 3 dB axial ratio bandwidths for the lower band and the upper band are 2.96 and 1.68%, respectively.
Quasi‐lumped bandpass filter with sharp transition edge and wide stopband rejection
Authors: Huang H.‐H. , Chen C.‐H. , Horng T.‐S. 
Published: April 2013

Presented is a highly miniaturised bandpass filter (BPF) with superior passband selectivity and high rejection over a wide stopband for 2.4 GHz WLAN applications. The proposed third‐order coupled resonator design with a cross‐coupled path provides an attenuation pole that is very close to the passband. Properly setting the fractional bandwidth and the resonator Q factor yields a sharp transition edge to suppress a 2.1 GHz WCDMA signal. Furthermore, the use of quasi‐lumped LC resonators reduces the area of the BPF and generates multiple transmission zeros to enhance the desired stopband rejection.
Brain amyloid-β oligomers in ageing and Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Lesné Sylvain E. , Sherman Mathew A. , Grant Marianne , Kuskowski Michael , Schneider Julie A. , Bennett David A. , Ashe Karen H. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease begins about two decades before the onset of symptoms or neuron death, and is believed to be caused by pathogenic amyloid-β aggregates that initiate a cascade of molecular events culminating in widespread neurodegeneration. The microtubule binding protein tau may mediate the effects of amyloid-β in this cascade. Amyloid plaques comprised of insoluble, fibrillar amyloid-β aggregates are the most characteristic feature of Alzheimer’s disease. However, the correspondence between the distribution of plaques and the pattern of neurodegeneration is tenuous. This discrepancy has stimulated the investigation of other amyloid-β aggregates, including soluble amyloid-β oligomers. Different soluble amyloid-β oligomers have been studied in several mouse models, but not systematically in humans. Here, we measured three amyloid-β oligomers previously described in mouse models—amyloid-β trimers, Aβ*56 and amyloid-β dimers—in brain tissue from 75 cognitively intact individuals, ranging from young children to the elderly, and 58 impaired subjects with mild cognitive impairment or probable Alzheimer’s disease. As in mouse models, where amyloid-β trimers appear to be the fundamental amyloid-β assembly unit of Aβ*56 and are present in young mice prior to memory decline, amyloid-β trimers in humans were present in children and adolescents; their levels rose gradually with age and were significantly above baseline in subjects in their 70s. Aβ*56 levels were negligible in children and young adults, rose significantly above baseline in subjects in their 40s and increased steadily thereafter. Amyloid-β dimers were undetectable until subjects were in their 60s; their levels then increased sharply and correlated with plaque load. Remarkably, in cognitively intact individuals we found strong positive correlations between Aβ*56 and two pathological forms of soluble tau (tau-CP13 and tau-Alz50), and negative correlations between Aβ*56 and two postsynaptic proteins (drebrin and fyn kinase), but none between amyloid-β dimers or amyloid-β trimers and tau or synaptic proteins. Comparing impaired with age-matched unimpaired subjects, we found the highest levels of amyloid-β dimers, but the lowest levels of Aβ*56 and amyloid-β trimers, in subjects with probable Alzheimer’s disease. In conclusion, in cognitively normal adults Aβ*56 increased ahead of amyloid-β dimers or amyloid-β trimers, and pathological tau proteins and postsynaptic proteins correlated with Aβ*56, but not amyloid-β dimers or amyloid-β trimers. We propose that Aβ*56 may play a pathogenic role very early in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease.
Joint observation of coherent coda waves at surface and underground arrays
Authors: Rocca Mario La , Pezzo Edoardo Del , Galluzzo Danilo , Scarpa Roberto 
Published: April 2013

AbstractLocal and regional seismicity jointly recorded by two dense small aperture arrays, one installed at surface and one at 1.3 km depth, constitutes an interesting data set useful for coda observations. Applying array techniques to earthquakes recorded at the two arrays we measure slowness, backazimuth and correlation coefficient of the coherent coda wave signals in five frequency bands in the range 1–10 Hz. Slowness distributions show marked differences between surface and underground, with slow signals at surface (slowness greater than 1.0 s km−1) that are not observed underground. We interpret these coherent signals as surface waves produced by the interaction of body waves with the free surface characterized by rough topography. The backazimuth values measured in the frequency bands centred at 1.5 and 3 Hz are almost uniformly distributed between 0 and 360°, while those measured at higher frequencies show different distributions between surface and underground. On the contrary, the earthquake envelopes show very similar coda shapes between surface and underground recordings, with an almost constant coda-amplitude ratio (between 4 and 8) in a wide frequency range.
Elucidating the microbial resuscitation cascade in biological soil crusts following a simulated rain event
Authors: Angel Roey , Conrad Ralf 
Published: April 2013

SummaryBiological soil crusts (biocrusts) are photosynthetic mats formed through an association of prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms with soil particles. Biocrusts are found in virtually any terrestrial ecosystem where vascular plant coverage is abiotically limited, with drylands comprising the primary habitat for them. We studied the dynamics of the active bacterial community in two biocrusts from an arid and a hyperarid region in the Negev Desert, Israel, under light‐oxic and dark‐anoxic incubation conditions after simulated rainfall. We used H218O for hydrating the crusts and analysed the bacterial community in the upper and lower parts of the biocrust using an RNA‐stable isotope probing approach coupled with 454‐pyrosequencing. In both biocrusts, two distinct bacterial communities developed under each incubation condition. The active anaerobic communities were initially dominated by members of the order Bacillales which were later replaced by Clostridiales. The aerobic communities on the other hand were dominated by Sphingobacteriales and several Alphaproteobacteria (Rhizobiales, Rhodobacterales, Rhodospirillales and Rubrobacteriales). Actinomycetales were the dominant bacterial order in the dry crusts but quickly collapsed and accounted for < 1% of the community by the end of the incubation. Our study shows that biocrusts host a diverse community whose members display complex interactions as they resuscitate from dormancy.
Illness perceptions and personality traits of patients with mental disorders: the impact of ethnicity
Authors: Franz M. , Salize H. J. , Lujic C. , Koch E. , Gallhofer B. , Jacke C. O. 
Published: April 2013

ObjectiveTo identify differences and similarities between immigrants of Turkish origin and native German patients in therapeutically relevant dimensions such as subjective illness perceptions and personality traits.MethodTurkish and native German mentally disordered in‐patients were interviewed in three psychiatric clinics in Hessen, Germany. The Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ‐Revised) and the Neuroticism‐Extraversion‐Openness Five‐Factor Inventory (NEO‐FFI) were used. Differences of scales and similarities by k‐means cluster analyses were estimated.ResultsOf the 362 total patients, 227 (123 immigrants and 104 native Germans) were included. Neither demographic nor clinical differences were detected. Socioeconomic gradients and differences on IPQ‐R scales were identified. For each ethnicity, the cluster analysis identified four different patient types based on NEO‐FFI and IPQ‐R scales. The patient types of each ethnicity appeared to be very similar in their structure, but they differed solely in the magnitude of the cluster means on included subscales according to ethnicity.ConclusionWhen subjective illness perceptions and personality traits are considered together, basic patient types emerge independent of the ethnicity. Thus, the ethnical impact on patient types diminishes and a convergence was detected.
Impact of intranasal corticosteroids on asthma outcomes in allergic rhinitis: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Lohia S. , Schlosser R. J. , Soler Z. M. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractGiven the relationship between allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma, it can be hypothesized that reducing inflammation in the upper airway with intranasal corticosteroid (INCS) medications may improve asthma outcomes. The goal of this study was to perform a systematic review with meta‐analysis of the efficacy of INCS medications on asthma outcomes in patients with AR and asthma. Asthma‐specific outcomes from randomized, controlled studies evaluating INCS medications in patients with AR were evaluated, including studies that compared INCS sprays to placebo, INCS sprays plus orally inhaled corticosteroids to orally inhaled corticosteroids alone, and nasally inhaled corticosteroids to placebo. Sufficient data for meta‐analysis were retrieved for 18 trials with a total of 2162 patients. Asthma outcomes included pulmonary function, bronchial reactivity, asthma symptom scores, asthma‐specific quality of life, and rescue medication use. The subgroup of studies comparing INCS spray to placebo had significant improvements in FEV1 (SMD = 0.31; 95% CI, 0.04–0.58), bronchial challenge (SMD = 0.46; 95% CI, 0.12–0.79), asthma symptom scores (SMD = −0.42; 95% CI, −0.53 to −0.30), and rescue medication use (SMD = −0.29; 95% CI, −0.58 to −0.01). Nasal inhalation of corticosteroids significantly improved morning and evening peak expiratory flow. There were no significant changes in asthma outcomes with the addition of INCS spray to orally inhaled corticosteroids. Thus, the results of this meta‐analysis demonstrated that intranasal corticosteroid medications significantly improve some asthma‐specific outcome measures in patients suffering from both AR and asthma. This effect was most pronounced with INCS sprays when patients were not on orally inhaled corticosteroids, or when corticosteroid medications were inhaled through the nose into the lungs. Overall, intranasal corticosteroid medications improve some asthma‐specific outcome measures in patients with both AR and asthma. Further research is needed to clarify the role of INCS sprays as asthma‐specific therapy, as well as the role of the nasal inhalation technique as a monotherapy in patients suffering from both asthma and AR.