bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling the growth parameters of lactic acid bacteria and total viable count in vacuum‐packaged Irish cooked sausages cooled by different methods
Authors: Feng Chao‐Hui , Drummond Liana , Sun Da‐Wen 
Published: August 2014

SummaryThe growth kinetics of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and total viable count (TVC) in cooled sausages as a function of storage time was studied. Cooked sausages were cooled either by commercial cooling or by immersion vacuum cooling (IVC), then vacuum‐packaged and stored for up to 71 days at 4 °C. Baranyi model was used to fit the growth of LAB and TVC. Growth curve, growth rate, lag time and initial and final cell concentrations for LAB and TVC were calculated through DMFit. The coefficient of determination and root‐mean‐squared error of the Baranyi models were used to evaluate its accuracy. Sausages cooled by IVC had a longer lag time and shelf life period than commercial cooled sausages. Accuracy analysis showed that the Baranyi model was adequate for representing the bacterial growth of vacuum‐packaged cooled sausages and had a potential for shelf life prediction.
Les femmes et le travail à temps partiel: une étude dans les pays européens
Authors: SALLADARRÉ Frédéric , HLAIMI Stéphane 
Published: August 2014

RésuméLes auteurs analysent le travail à temps partiel féminin dans vingt‐trois pays d'Europe en distinguant temps partiel court et temps partiel long. Au niveau individuel, le temps partiel court est associé aux tranches d'âge extrêmes, à un handicap léger, à un nombre d'enfants plus important, à un moindre niveau de formation et aux services collectifs, sociaux et personnels. La comparaison entre pays montre une forte variation du niveau de l'emploi à temps partiel, le temps partiel long étant en général plus fréquent que le court. Enfin, les deux types de temps partiel apparaissent complémentaires, leurs variations d'un pays à l'autre allant dans le même sens.
Mononuclear phagocytes rapidly clear apoptotic epithelial cells in the proximal epididymis
Authors: Smith T. B. , Cortez‐Retamozo V. , Grigoryeva L. S. , Hill E. , Pittet M. J. , Da Silva N. 
Published: August 2014

SummaryWe have shown previously that a network of mononuclear phagocytes (MPs) expressing macrophage and dendritic cell markers such as CD11c, F4/80 and CX3CR1, lines the base of the epididymal tubule. However, in the initial segment (IS) and only in that particular segment, epididymal MPs establish extremely close interactions with the epithelium by projecting slender dendrites between most epithelial cells. We undertook the present study to determine how epididymal phagocytes respond to the transient wave of apoptosis initiated by unilateral efferent duct ligation (EDL) in the epididymal epithelium. We show profound morphological and phenotypical changes restricted to the MPs populating the proximal epididymis following EDL. Within 48 h, a large subset of IS epithelial cells had entered an apoptotic state, visualized by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) assay and CD11c+and CX3CR1+MPs readily engulfed TUNEL‐positive cells and other debris. Despite the high levels of apoptosis and the rapid clearance of apoptotic cells occurring after EDL, the epithelium preserved its overall architecture and maintained tight junctions of the blood–epididymis barrier (BEB). The discovery of a functional population of MPs in the epididymal epithelium responsible for maintaining the integrity of the BEB raises further questions regarding the role of these cells in clearing defective epithelial cells in the steady‐state epididymis, as well as pathogens and abnormal spermatozoa in the lumen.
Electrophoretic Deposition of Zirconia Thin Film on Nonconducting Substrate for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Application
Authors: Das Debasish , Basu Rajendra N. 
Published: August 2014

Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) of 8 mol% yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte thin film has been carried out onto nonconducting porous NiO‐YSZ cermet anode substrate using a fugitive and electrically conducting polymer interlayer for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) application. Such polymer interlayer burnt out during the high‐temperature sintering process (1400°C for 6 h) leaving behind a well adhered, dense, and uniform ceramic YSZ electrolyte film on the top of the porous anode substrate. The EPD kinetics have been studied in depth. It is found that homogeneous and uniform film could be obtained onto the polymer‐coated substrate at an applied voltage of 15 V for 1 min. After the half‐cell (anode + electrolyte) is co‐fired at 1400°C, a suitable cathode composition (La0.65Sr0.3MnO3) thick film paste is screen printed on the top of the sintered YSZ electrolyte. A second stage of sintering of such cathode thick film at 1100°C for 2 h finally yield a single cell SOFC. Such single cell produced a power output of 0.91 W/cm2 at 0.7 V when measured at 800°C using hydrogen and oxygen as fuel and oxidant, respectively.
Determination of hematology and plasma chemistry reference intervals for 3 populations of captive Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus)
Authors: Matsche Mark A. , Arnold Jill , Jenkins Erin , Townsend Howard , Rosemary Kevin 
Published: August 2014

BackgroundThe imperiled status of Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus), a large, long‐lived, anadromous fish found along the Atlantic coast of North America, has prompted efforts at captive propagation for research and stock enhancement.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to establish hematology and plasma chemistry reference intervals of captive Atlantic sturgeon maintained under different culture conditions.MethodsBlood specimens were collected from a total of 119 fish at 3 hatcheries: Lamar,PA(n = 36, ages 10–14 years); Chalk Point,MD(n = 40, siblings of Lamar); and Horn Point, Cambridge,MD(n = 43, mixed population from Chesapeake Bay). Reference intervals (using robust techniques), median, mean, and standard deviations were determined forWBC,RBC, thrombocytes,PCV,HGB,MCV,MCH,MCHC, and absolute counts for lymphocytes (L), neutrophils (N), monocytes, and eosinophils. Chemistry analytes included concentrations of total proteins, albumin, glucose, urea, calcium, phosphate, sodium, potassium, chloride, and globulins,AST,CK, andLDHactivities, and osmolality.ResultsMean concentrations of total proteins, albumin, and glucose were at or below the analytic range. Statistical comparisons showed significant differences among hatcheries for each remaining plasma chemistry analyte and forPCV,RBC,MCHC,MCH, eosinophil and monocyte counts, and N:L ratio throughout all 3 groups. Therefore, reference intervals were calculated separately for each population.ConclusionsReference intervals for fish maintained under differing conditions should be established per population.
Droplet Generation by Disintegration of Oil Films at the Rim of a Rotating Disk
Authors: Glahn A. , Busam S. , Blair M. F. , Allard K. L. , Wittig S. 
Published: August 2014

A fundamental study has been performed to examine oil film disintegration mechanisms at the rim of a rotating disk. The configuration investigated is an abstraction of one of the droplet generation sources in an aero-engine bearing compartment. The paper aims to contribute to both the determination of directly applicable droplet characteristics and the establishment of a data-base that can be used for the development of droplet generation models. The near-term objectives of the study are (i) to identify disintegration modes relevant with respect to aero-engine bearing compartment operating conditions, (ii) to determine droplet sizes under those operating conditions, and (iii) to measure individual droplet diameter/velocity relationships. The long-term objective is to incorporate this information into advanced CFD-based design tools.
The disintegration modes identified here were similar to previously reported flow regimes generated by rotary atomizers (Lefebvre, 1989). However, slightly different transition characteristics are documented for the turbine oil considered here, indicating a transition occurring at either higher speeds or higher flow rates. Droplet diameters and velocities are presented for relevant bearing compartment conditions. In this mode, droplet diameters appear to be insensitive to the volume flow rate, but show a finer atomization for increasing rotational speeds. Eventually a speed is reached beyond which no further droplet diameter reduction is obtained. For the first time, size class resolved droplet velocities are presented. A variation of operating parameters at a constant radial location does not have a significant impact on either the normalized droplet velocity or the flow angle. Radial traverses show a decrease of the droplet velocity with increasing distance from the rim of the disk and a transition from a more tangentially orientated droplet trajectory to a more radial motion.
Computed Effect of Rub-Groove Size on Stepped Labyrinth Seal Performance
Authors: Rhode David L. , Adams Richard G. 
Published: August 2014

A numerical study was undertaken to explore the effects of the size of wear-in rub grooves that are typically cut into the abradable land of stepped labyrinth seals. The elliptic form of the 2-D axisymmetric Navier-Stokes equations for compressible turbulent flow were solved. The relationships among the friction coefficient, the leakage Reynolds number, the groove depth and width and the pre-rub radial clearance were examined.
It was found that the standard k-ε turbulence model and wall functions are effective for computing the friction coefficient and leakage for labyrinth seals with honeycomb land surfaces, both with and without the presence of rub grooves. The so-called rub grooves are the result of labyrinth teeth cutting wear grooves into the abradable surface of the land (stationary housing of the seal). Furthermore, it was found that the case of a small pre-rub tooth radial clearance, a wide rub groove and an intermediate step height is the most sensitive to the presence of a rub groove, with a leakage increase over the no-groove case of about 100 percent and 194 percent for the shallow and deep grooves, respectively. It was also found, for example, that the leakage varied with pre-rub clearance and groove width, in order from lowest to highest leakage, as: (a) small clearance and narrow groove, (b) small clearance and wide groove, (c) large clearance and narrow groove and (d) large clearance and wide groove.
Active Controlled Hydrostatic Bearings for a New Generation of Machines
Authors: Bently Donald E. , Grant John W. , Hanifan Phillip C. 
Published: August 2014

This paper presents a revolutionary approach of using a fluid-lubricated bearing for both traditional functions (load support, damping, and heat removal) and to actively control the rotor dynamics of rotating machinery. We will discuss how its use in the design of next generation turbomachinery can yield dramatic benefits. This includes an increase in efficiency, operational life, fault diagnostic, and reductions in machine size, weight, and cost. With the use of hydrostatic instead of hydrodynamic lubrication, traditional lubricants can be replaced by fluids more friendly to the process and environment. In this paper a comparison between the new hydrostatic bearing (Bently ServoFluid™ Control Bearing) and active magnetic bearings (AMB) will be presented.
The Bently ServoFluid™ Control Bearing is an active controlled externally pressurized (a hybrid hydrostatic) bearing using fluid restoring force to compensate for rotor-related forces. It has the positive features of rolling element, fluid film and magnetic bearings with fewer negative attributes. The fluid restoring forces provide static and dynamic motion control similar to magnetic bearings, but with significantly larger compensation forces and with higher stiffness control.
This revolutionary approach enables machinery owners to identify, understand and compensate for rotor system forces, an improvement over simply using vibration (motion) information for machinery diagnostics. This allows more complete diagnostics and prognostics of machine health. The bearing can be used to apply known perturbation forces to the rotor. Perturbation forces enable the determination of rotor system stiffness, and subsequent changes, thus improving machinery diagnostics. It can also provide information, such as the mechanical parameters governing the motion, system linearity, and stability margins for more accurate modeling of machines.
Test results will be included to show experimentally determined transfer functions of each of the control loop elements, and predicted rotor forces. A typical root locus plot will be shown demonstrating how the characteristics change with bearing stiffness. Prototype machines, with both low viscosity fluid (water) and typical viscous fluid (T-10 turbine oil), have been built, tested, and successfully operated.
The Aerodynamic Interaction of Stator Shroud Leakage and Mainstream Flows in Compressors
Authors: Demargne A. A. J. , Longley J. P. 
Published: August 2014

The aerodynamics of stator shroud leakage and mainstream flow interactions have been investigated using a linear cascade in which leakage mass flow and tangential velocity could be varied independently. Experimental measurements confirm the detrimental effect of increasing leakage mass flow rate, but also show clearly that increasing cavity tangential velocity improves the performance of the blade row. Shroud leakage is also found to modify significantly the spanwise distribution of blockage, flow turning and loss at exit of the stator passage. The mechanisms behind these large-scale effects are identified and a description of the interaction process based on momentum thickness arguments is proposed.
Experimental and numerical results show that the amount of leakage is a linear function of the difference between cavity pressure and average pressure on the hub upstream of the stator. This result is shown to be an axisymmetric result, and thus largely independent of the pitchwise variation in blade loading. Departures from linearity at low leakage fractions are associated to the blade loading inducing pitchwise non-uniformities in the structure of the flow at the interface between the shroud cavity and the mainstream. These non-uniformities involve vortical structures, which participate in the exchange of fluid and momentum between the cavity and the mainstream, even at zero net leakage. Experiments also show that these non-uniformities in flow structure contribute to the generation of loss.
#swineflu
Authors: Kostkova Patty , Szomszor Martin , St. Louis Connie 
Published: August 2014

The need to improve population monitoring and enhance surveillance of infectious diseases has never been more pressing. Factors such as air travel act as a catalyst in the spread of new and existing viruses. The unprecedented user-generated activity on social networks over the last few years has created real-time streams of personal data that provide an invaluable tool for monitoring and sampling large populations. Epidemic intelligence relies on constant monitoring of online media sources for early warning, detection, and rapid response; however, the real-time information available in social networks provides a new paradigm for the early warning function.
The communication of risk in any public health emergency is a complex task for governments and healthcare agencies. This task is made more challenging in the current situation when the public has access to a wide range of online resources, ranging from traditional news channels to information posted on blogs and social networks. Twitter’s strength is its two-way communication nature --- both as an information source but also as a central hub for publishing, disseminating and discovering online media.
This study addresses these two challenges by investigating the role of Twitter during the 2009 swine flu pandemic by analysing data collected from the SN, and by Twitter using the opposite way for dissemination information through the network. First, we demonstrate the role of the social network for early warning by detecting an upcoming spike in an epidemic before the official surveillance systems by up to two weeks in the U.K. and up to two to three weeks in the U.S. Second, we illustrate how online resources are propagated through Twitter at the time of the WHO’s declaration of the swine flu “pandemic”. Our findings indicate that Twitter does favour reputable t bogus information can still leak into the network.
Rates of and Factors Associated With Infection in 200 909 Medicare Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Implants
Authors: Prutkin Jordan M. , Reynolds Matthew R. , Bao Haikun , Curtis Jeptha P. , Al-Khatib Sana M. , Aggarwal Saurabh , Uslan Daniel Z. 
Published: August 2014

Background—
The rate of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) infections has been increasing faster than that of implantation. We sought to determine the rate and predictors of ICD infection in a large cohort of Medicare patients.

Methods and Results—

Cases submitted to the ICD Registry from 2006 to 2009 were matched to Medicare fee-for-service claims data using indirect patient identifiers. ICD infections occurring within 6 months of hospital discharge after implantation were identified by ICD-9 codes. Logistic regression was used to examine factors associated with risk of ICD infection. Of 200 909 implants, 3390 patients (1.7%) developed an ICD infection. The infection rate was 1.4%, 1.5%, and 2.0% for single, dual, and biventricular ICDs, respectively (
P
<0.001). Generator replacement had a higher rate compared with initial implant (1.9% versus 1.6%,
P
<0.001). The factors associated with infection were adverse event during implant requiring reintervention (odds ratio [OR], 2.692; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.304–3.145), previous valvular surgery (OR, 1.525; 95% CI, 1.375–1.692), reimplantation for device upgrade, malfunction, or manufacturer advisory (OR, 1.354; 95% CI, 1.196–1.533), renal failure on dialysis (OR, 1.342; 95% CI, 1.123–1.604), chronic lung disease (OR, 1.215; 95% CI, 1.125–1.312), cerebrovascular disease (OR, 1.172; 95% CI, 1.076–1.276), and warfarin (OR, 1.155; 95% CI, 1.060–1.257).

Conclusions—
Patients who developed an ICD infection were more likely to have had peri-ICD implant complications requiring early reintervention, previous valve surgery, device replacement for reasons other than battery depletion, and increased comorbidity burden. Efforts should be made to carefully consider when to reenter the pocket at any time other than battery replacement.
Wonder of Life (kalanchoe pinnata) leaves to treat diabetic foot infections in Trinidad & Tobago: a case control study
Authors: Cawich Shamir O , Harnarayan Patrick , Budhooram Steve , Bobb Nahmorah J , Islam Shariful , Naraynsingh Vijay 
Published: August 2014

Wonder of Life ( kalanchoe pinnata) leaves are commonly used to treat diabetic foot infections. These patients are usually non-compliant with conventional medical therapy. We surmised that these patients would have a higher incidence of treatment failures. Patients admitted with diabetic foot infections were separated into two groups: a Study Group comprised patients who used topical kalanchoe pinnata and a Medical Therapy Group contained patients who were compliant with conventional treatment. The patients were observed over the course of their hospitalisation. Results There were 382 patients in the Medical Therapy Group and 96 in the Study Group, who waited 9.21 ± 5.3 days (Mean ± SD) before seeking medical attention. There were similar rates of all amputations (34.8% vs. 37.5%; P = 0.643) and mortality (0.8% vs. 1.0%; P = 1.000) in the Study and Medical Therapy groups. Conclusions There may be value in the use of topical kalanchoe pinnata to treat diabetic foot infections.
Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency is not associated with chronic venous disorders: A case–control study
Authors: Leone Maurizio A , Raymkulova Olga , Lochner Piergiorgio , Bolamperti Laura , Rivadossi Gianandrea , Stecco Alessandro , Zaccala Giuseppe , Maggio Maurizio , Liboni William , Guido Marilena , Coppo Lorenzo , Imperiale Daniele 
Published: August 2014

Objectives To evaluate the relationship between chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) and the presence of a Chronic Venous Disorder (CVD). Method We included 55 subjects with CCSVI aged >18 years, and 186 controls without CCSVI. Each subject was evaluated with color Doppler sonography in accordance with Zamboni’s five criteria, examined by two neurologists and interviewed with an ad-hoc designed form. The neurologists and the sonographers were mutually blinded. CVD were classified according to CEAP. Results Mean age was 42 years (SD = 9) in cases and 43 years (10) in controls ( p = ns). The odds ratios in subjects CCSVI were 0.6 (0.2–2.2) for CEAP 1, 0.9 (0.2–4.5) for CEAP 2, and 1.0 (0.6–1.9) for family history of varicose veins. The prevalence of CVD and, family history of varicose veins, was similar between cases and controls for each Zamboni criterion. Conclusions We found no association of CCSVI with the presence of CVD or family history of varicose veins.
Training balance with opto-kinetic stimuli in the home: a randomized controlled feasibility study in people with pure cerebellar disease
Authors: Bunn Lisa M , Marsden Jonathan F , Giunti Paola , Day Brian L 
Published: August 2014

Objective: To investigate the feasibility of a randomized controlled trial of a home-based balance intervention for people with cerebellar ataxia. Design: A randomized controlled trial design. Setting: Intervention and assessment took place in the home environment. Participants: A total of 12 people with spinocerebellar ataxia type 6 were randomized into a therapy or control group. Both groups received identical assessments at baseline, four and eight weeks. Interventions: Therapy group participants undertook balance exercises in front of optokinetic stimuli during weeks 4–8, while control group participants received no intervention. Main measures: Test–retest reliability was analysed from outcome measures collected twice at baseline and four weeks later. Feasibility issues were evaluated using daily diaries and end trial exit interviews. Results: The home-based training intervention with opto-kinetic stimuli was feasible for people with pure ataxia, with one drop-out. Test–retest reliability is strong (intraclass correlation coefficient >0.7) for selected outcome measures evaluating balance at impairment and activity levels. Some measures reveal trends towards improvement for those in the therapy group. Sample size estimations indicate that Bal-SARA scores could detect a clinically significant change of 0.8 points in this functional balance score if 80 people per group were analysed in future trials. Conclusions: Home-based targeted training of functional balance for people with pure cerebellar ataxia is feasible and the outcome measures employed are reliable.