bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Randomized Controlled Trial of Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy for Early Breast Cancer: 5-Year Results Confirm Superior Overall Cosmesis
Authors: Mukesh Mukesh B. , Barnett Gillian C. , Wilkinson Jennifer S. , Moody Anne M. , Wilson Charles , Dorling Leila , Chan Wah Hak Charleen , Qian Wendi , Twyman Nicola , Burnet Neil G. , Wishart Gordon C. , Coles Charlotte E. 
Published: September 2013

Purpose There are few randomized controlled trial data to confirm that improved homogeneity with simple intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) decreases late breast tissue toxicity. The Cambridge Breast IMRT trial investigated this hypothesis, and the 5-year results are reported. Patients and Methods Standard tangential plans of 1,145 trial patients were analyzed; 815 patients had inhomogeneous plans (≥ 2 cm3 receiving 107% of prescribed dose: 40 Gy in 15 fractions over 3 weeks) and were randomly assigned to standard radiotherapy (RT) or replanned with simple IMRT; 330 patients with satisfactory dose homogeneity were treated with standard RT and underwent the same follow-up as the randomly assigned patients. Breast tissue toxicities were assessed at 5 years using validated methods: photographic assessment (overall cosmesis and breast shrinkage compared with baseline pre-RT photographs) and clinical assessment (telangiectasia, induration, edema, and pigmentation). Comparisons between different groups were analyzed using polychotomous logistic regression. Results On univariate analysis, compared with standard RT, fewer patients in the simple IMRT group developed suboptimal overall cosmesis (odds ratio [OR], 0.68; 95% CI, 0.48 to 0.96; P = .027) and skin telangiectasia (OR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.92; P = .021). No evidence of difference was seen for breast shrinkage, breast edema, tumor bed induration, or pigmentation. The benefit of IMRT was maintained on multivariate analysis for both overall cosmesis (P = .038) and skin telangiectasia (P = .031). Conclusion Improved dose homogeneity with simple IMRT translates into superior overall cosmesis and reduces the risk of skin telangiectasia. These results are practice changing and should encourage centers still using two-dimensional RT to implement simple breast IMRT.
Nonplanar and Dynamic Structures of 1,8-Anthrylene–Ethenylene Cyclic Dimers
Authors: Inoue Masataka , Iwanaga Tetsuo , Toyota Shinji 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The title cyclic compounds, synthesized by cross-coupling reactions, have nonplanar frameworks, as revealed by X-ray analysis and DFT calculations. The barrier to exchange between the nonplanar structures of the mesityl derivative was determined to be 34 kJ mol−1 by a dynamic NMR method.
Trends in biological joint resurfacing
Authors: Myers K. R. , Sgaglione N. A. , Grande D. A. 
Published: September 2013

The treatment of osteochondral lesions and osteoarthritis remains an ongoing clinical challenge in orthopaedics. This review examines the current research in the fields of cartilage regeneration, osteochondral defect treatment, and biological joint resurfacing, and reports on the results of clinical and pre-clinical studies. We also report on novel treatment strategies and discuss their potential promise or pitfalls. Current focus involves the use of a scaffold providing mechanical support with the addition of chondrocytes or mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), or the use of cell homing to differentiate the organism’s own endogenous cell sources into cartilage. This method is usually performed with scaffolds that have been coated with a chemotactic agent or with structures that support the sustained release of growth factors or other chondroinductive agents. We also discuss unique methods and designs for cell homing and scaffold production, and improvements in biological joint resurfacing. There have been a number of exciting new studies and techniques developed that aim to repair or restore osteochondral lesions and to treat larger defects or the entire articular surface. The concept of a biological total joint replacement appears to have much potential.Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2013;2:193–9.
Software-Automated Counting of Ki-67 Proliferation Index Correlates With Pathologic Grade and Disease Progression of Follicular Lymphomas
Authors: Samols Mark A. , Smith Nathan E. , Gerber Jonathan M. , Vuica-Ross Milena , Gocke Christopher D. , Burns Kathleen H. , Borowitz Michael J. , Cornish Toby C. , Duffield Amy S. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract

Objectives:
To examine the accuracy of software-assisted measurement of the Ki-67 proliferation index (PI) and its correlation with the grade and clinical progression of follicular lymphoma (FL).

Methods:
High-power field equivalents were extracted from H&E- and Ki-67–immunostained slides of FL, and a nuclear quantitation algorithm was used to calculate a PI. Representative fields were manually counted for validation with close agreement.

Results:
The PI was significantly higher in World Health Organization grade 3 FL than grade 1 to 2 FL. Disease progression, as defined by subsequent treatment with radiation or cytotoxic chemotherapy, was also significantly associated with elevated PI but not pathologic grade.

Conclusions:
These data show that software-automated quantitation of Ki-67 can provide both a useful adjunct to pathologic grade in FL and improved prognostic information for patients.
New Fluorescent Method (PLT-F) on Sysmex XN2000 Hematology Analyzer Achieved Higher Accuracy in Low Platelet Counting
Authors: Schoorl Margreet , Schoorl Marianne , Oomes Jeanette , van Pelt Johannes 
Published: September 2013

Abstract

Objectives:
In thrombocytopenia, high accuracy and precision of low platelet count is essential for appropriate decisions. The recently introduced Sysmex XN2000 analyzer (Sysmex, Kobe, Japan) offers 3 methods for platelet counting: impedance (PLT-I), optical (PLT-O), and a new fluorescence method (PLT-F). The precision of the PLT-F method in blood samples with platelet counts less than 50 ×103/μL (50 × 109/L) was investigated and compared with the ICSH CD61-ImmunoPLT reference method. For comparison, PLT-I and PLT-O were determined on the Sysmex XN2000 and Sysmex XE2100 analyzer.

Methods:
Blood samples with platelet counts less than 50 ×103/μL (50 × 109/L) (n = 37) were analyzed on the Sysmex XN2000 and XE2100 analyzers. The CD61-ImmunoPLT method was performed on a Beckman Coulter FC-500 flow cytometer (Miami, FL).

Results:
At a platelet count of 20 ×103/μL (20 × 109/L), reproducibility for PLT-I, PLT-O, and PLT-F on the XN2000 demonstrated coefficients of variation of 9.3%, 8.5%, and 3.0%, respectively. Correlation between PLT-O on the XN2000 and XE2100 yielded an r value of more than 0.977. Linear regression analysis between the PLT-F and CD61-ImmunoPLT methods resulted in a PLT-F of 0.71*CD61 – 0.8 (r = 0.988). Linear regression between PLT-F and PLT-O on the XN2000 resulted in a PLT-F of 1.05*PLT-O – 2 (r = 0.975), and using the transfusion threshold of 20 × 109/L platelets resulted in a PLT-F of 0.90*PLT-O – 0.4 (r = 0.956).

Conclusions:
The new PLT-F method demonstrated excellent results for reproducibility in samples with platelet counts less than 50 × 109/L. PLT-F could be helpful in making better decisions for platelet transfusions.
Edgy humour in the classroom: a case study of risks and rewards
Authors: Carver Mark 
Published: September 2013

The purpose of this study was to explore the role of humour in the classroom from a learning climate perspective, allowing for greater risk and spontaneity. A case study was devised in a UK primary school where the teacher would give humour top priority in planning, without any self-censoring or limitations placed on ideas of taste or appropriateness. Such an extreme situation was made possible by opt-in participation. Evaluation was by a mixed-methods approach, drawing on video analysis of laughter responses in the class, teacher observation, and student evaluations. Arguing that humour research has previously focussed too much on positivist experimental approaches at one extreme and polemic anecdotal evidence at the other, the study aimed to strike a balance and explore approaches useful to action researchers. The exploratory nature of the research was also posited on the idea that a case study in which humour use was exaggerated would help to provide a measure of transferability for practitioners wishing to experiment with humour. Humour used in the classroom is therefore categorised according to whether it is produced by the teacher or a student, related to the learning goal of the lesson, or if it could be considered potentially offensive. The results indicate that an overcautious approach can limit the effectiveness of humour in the classroom. Moreover, an element of edginess can contribute to a learning climate in which students and teachers both feel more excited by the lesson, engage in spontaneous generation of content-relevant humour, and express greater ratings for satisfaction, enjoyment and perceptions of learning. Appreciation and usefulness of humour in education is presented as both supported by, and a vehicle towards, a learning climate which rewards risk and spontaneity whilst at the same time encouraging an inclusive enjoyment of the learning experience.
Disparities in Health Insurance Among Children With Same-Sex Parents
Authors: Gonzales Gilbert , Blewett Lynn A. 
Published: September 2013

OBJECTIVES:The objectives of this study were to examine disparities in health insurance coverage for children with same-sex parents and to investigate how statewide policies such as same-sex marriage and second-parent adoptions affect children’s private insurance coverage.METHODS:We used data from the 2008–2010 American Community Survey to identify children (aged 0–17 years) with same-sex parents (n = 5081), married opposite-sex parents (n = 1 369 789), and unmarried opposite-sex parents (n = 101 678). We conducted multinomial logistic regression models to estimate the relationship between family type and type of health insurance coverage for all children and then stratified by each child’s state policy environment.RESULTS:Although 77.5% of children with married opposite-sex parents had private health insurance, only 63.3% of children with dual fathers and 67.5% with dual mothers were covered by private health plans. Children with same-sex parents had fewer odds of private insurance after controlling for demographic characteristics but not to the extent of children with unmarried opposite-sex parents. Differences in private insurance diminished for children with dual mothers after stratifying children in states with legal same-sex marriage or civil unions. Living in a state that allowed second-parent adoptions also predicted narrower disparities in private insurance coverage for children with dual fathers or dual mothers.CONCLUSIONS:Disparities in private health insurance for children with same-sex parents diminish when they live in states that secure their legal relationship to both parents. This study provides supporting evidence in favor of recent policy statements by the American Academy of Pediatricians endorsing same-sex marriage and second-parent adoptions.
Understanding the Steam-Hammer Mechanism in Steam-Assisted-Gravity-Drainage Wells
Authors: Irani Mazda 
Published: September 2013

Summary
Steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) is one of the successful thermal-recovery techniques applied in Alberta oil-sands reservoirs. When considering in-situ production from bitumen reservoirs, viscosity reduction is necessary to mobilize bitumen, thereby flowing toward the production well. Steam injection is currently the most effective thermal-recovery method. Although steamflooding is commercially viable, condensation-induced water hammer (CIWH) resulting from rapid steam-pocket condensation can be a challenging operational problem. In steamflooding, steam is injected through a well down to the reservoir, warming it to temperatures of 150 to 270°C (302 to 518°F) to liquefy the bitumen inside the reservoir (Garnier et al. 2008; Xie and Zahacy 2011). The liquefied bitumen then drains to a lower well through which it is produced to the surface. In this process, steam pockets can become entrapped in subcooled condensate inside either the injection or the production tubing, causing a rapid collapse of the steam pocket. This type of rapid condensation is commonly referred to as "steam hammer."
In this study, three different scenarios are explored to better understand steam-hammer situations in SAGD wells. These scenarios are at injectors or producers during the startup phase (or circulation phase), in the injection tubing during the injection phase, and in the production tubing during the injection phase. Modeling each of these scenarios indicates that a steam-hammer occurrence is likely in two of the three scenarios, but that its incidence can be mitigated. The likely scenarios for a steam-hammer occurrence are in either the injection or the production tubing during the startup phase, and in the injection tubing during the injection phase. Steam-hammer occurrences during the circulation period can be controlled by lowering the injection pressure and controlling water drainage into the reservoir. Flow shocks that occur as a result of countercurrent flow limiting (CCFL) are very likely to take place in the injection tubing during the injection phase but can be controlled by injecting at a higher steam quality. The least likely scenario for a steam-hammer occurrence is in the production tubing during the injection phase. This is because the produced (or breakthrough) steam temperature would need to be more than 20°C higher than the produced-liquid temperature to start a water-hammer condition.
The Diagnosis of Hysteria
Authors: Craddock A B 
Published: September 2013

I must confess at the outset that the subject of hysteria still awaits an adequate definition but the following one is as good as any so far produced. "Hysteria is a person's response to environmental difficulties, which makes it impossible for that person to perform his duties." Hysteria can be considered as subconscious malingering, but this concept too, fails to be comprehensive. In making the diagnosis of hysteria the following aspects should be considered: The personality of the patient. Dissociation. Suggestion. The actual clinical features. The role of organic and psychological factors.Perhaps the most salient feature of hysteria is its propensity to occur more commonly in people with what is known as a hysterical personality.
Public versus Private Firm Responses to the Tax Rate Reduction in China
Authors: Lin Kenny Z. , Mills Lillian F. , Zhang Fang 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACT
This study examines how public and private firms in China respond to the 2008 statutory tax rate reduction from 33 percent to 25 percent. Using a proprietary dataset of private firms, we find that private firms report significantly more income-decreasing current accruals than do public firms in 2007, the year prior to the tax rate reduction. These negative accruals were substantial and material, both compared with public firms and compared with 2008 accruals. By shifting their taxable income from a high- to a low-tax year, private firms save about 8.58 percent of their total tax expenses in 2007. Our results suggest that countries contemplating tax rate changes should expect material inter-temporal income shifting by private firms when they predict the short-term effects of changes in the tax rate on revenue.
JEL Classifications: H25; M41.
Endocrine Secretory Reserve and Proinsulin Processing in Recipients of Islet of Langerhans Versus Whole Pancreas Transplants
Authors: Elkhafif Nabeel M. , Borot Sophie , Morel Philippe , Demuylder-Mischler Sandrine , Giovannoni Laurianne , Toso Christian , Bosco Domenico , Berney Thierry 
Published: September 2013

OBJECTIVE
β-Cells have demonstrated altered proinsulin processing after islet transplantation. We compare β-cell metabolic responses and proinsulin processing in pancreas and islet transplant recipients with respect to healthy control subjects.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We studied 15 islet and 32 pancreas transplant recipients. Islet subjects were subdivided into insulin-requiring (IR-ISL, n = 6) and insulin-independent (II-ISL, n = 9) groups. Ten healthy subjects served as control subjects. Subjects were administered an intravenous arginine stimulation test, and insulin, C-peptide, total proinsulin, intact proinsulin, and proinsulin fragment levels were determined from serum samples. Acute insulin response (AIR) and proinsulin processing rates were calculated.

RESULTS
We found that basal insulin and C-peptide levels were higher in the pancreas group than in all other groups. II-ISL patients had basal insulin and C-peptide levels similar to healthy control subjects. The IR-ISL group had significantly lower AIRs than all other groups. Basal processing rates were higher in the pancreas and II-ISL groups than in healthy control subjects and the IR-ISL group. After arginine stimulation, all groups had elevated processing rates, with the exception of the IR-ISL group.

CONCLUSIONS
Our data suggest that II-ISL transplant recipients can maintain basal metabolic parameters similar to healthy control subjects at the cost of a higher rate of proinsulin processing. IR-ISL transplant recipients, on the other hand, demonstrate both lower insulin response and lower basal rates of proinsulin processing even after arginine stimulation.
CDH13 Genotype–Dependent Association of High–Molecular Weight Adiponectin With All-Cause Mortality: The J-SHIPP Study
Authors: Uetani Eri , Tabara Yasuharu , Kawamoto Ryuichi , Onuma Hiroshi , Kohara Katsuhiko , Osawa Haruhiko , Miki Tetsuro 
Published: September 2013

OBJECTIVE
Despite its anti-inflammatory and antiatherogenic effects, adiponectin is potentially associated with adverse clinical outcomes, such as all-cause mortality. As plasma adiponectin levels are strongly influenced by single nucleotide polymorphisms in the gene encoding T-cadherin (CDH13), we conducted a longitudinal study to investigate the possible link between the CDH13 genotype, plasma adiponectin levels, and all-cause mortality.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This longitudinal study evaluated 2,020 Japanese subjects. Baseline clinical parameters were obtained from subjects’ personal health records as evaluated at annual medical check-ups. Plasma high–molecular weight adiponectin (HMWA) levels were measured by an ELISA assay, and genotyping was performed by a TaqMan probe assay.

RESULTS
Mean follow-up duration was 6.5 years. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that HMWA levels were positively associated with mortality (P &lt; 0.001). HMWA levels were associated with older age, lower body weight, lower plasma triglyceride and glucose levels, and higher plasma HDL cholesterol. However, the Cox regression analysis showed that the positive association between HMWA and all-cause mortality was independent of these covariates (hazard ratio [HR] 1.92, P = 0.006). The CDH13 rs4783244 genotype was strongly associated with baseline HMWA levels (per-allele effect size 1.65 μg/mL, P &lt; 0.001). In a separate analysis by the CDH13 genotype, the HR for all-cause mortality was linearly increased with the number of G alleles (P value for HMWA–CDH13 genotype interaction = 0.023).

CONCLUSIONS
Higher plasma HMWA level was an independent prognostic factor for all-cause mortality in a general population. The CDH13 genotype may be a factor that affects not only the plasma level of HMWA but also the prognostic significance of HMWA.
Comment les législatives se négocient : quelques réflexions sur les élections égyptiennes
Authors: Albert Aclimandos Tewfic 
Published: September 2013

Le système clientéliste sur lequel s’appuyait le régime Moubarak était en crise. Le truquage des élections législatives de 2010 et le non accès de l’opposition au Parlement ont été deux causes majeures de la chute de ce régime. Pour contrer les processus révolutionnaires, le Conseil Supérieur des forces armées a organisé une transition démocratique, libéralisant les conditions de créations des partis, mettant à jour les listes électorales et organisant des élections sans intervention étatique pour peser sur les résultats – une condition nécessaire mais insuffisante pour parler d’élections libres, puisque tous les concurrents ou presque ont violé la loi et commis des irrégularités. Parmi ces concurrents, certains ont choisi de se coaliser, d’autres ont fait cavalier seul. Les islamistes, comme prévisible, ont remporté une écrasante majorité – mais le rapport de forces entre salafistes et Frères est beaucoup plus équilibré que prévu, ces derniers n’ayant pas obtenu la majorité absolue, et le score des formations non islamistes n’est pas déshonorant.
Les nouvelles forces « civiles » égyptiennes face au défi électoral
Authors: Soliman Samer 
Published: September 2013

Cette contribution s’intéresse à la performance électorale des forces « civiles » lors des élections parlementaires égyptiennes 2011-12. Malgré le brillant succès des islamistes, certaines candidats « civils » ont réussi à gagner des circonscriptions et, dans certains cas, avec une majorité écrasante (le cas de Amr Hamzawi à Héliopolis). À travers l’analyse des stratégies électorales de la coalition civile « le Bloc Égyptien » et de certains candidats indépendants, cet article veut montrer les éléments qui ont permis aux forces civiles d’obtenir quelques sièges au sein du premier parlement élu à la suite de la Révolution du 25 janvier 2011.
Le parti Ennahdha à l'épreuve du pouvoir en Tunisie
Authors: Bendana Kmar 
Published: September 2013

Cet article résume l’histoire du parti Ennahdha, neuf mois de son arrivée au pouvoir en Tunisie à la faveur des élections d’octobre 2011. Après une vingtaine d’années de coupure forcée des sphères de la politique active, le parti se trouve au défi de piloter une transition politique qui l’oblige à composer avec plusieurs forces. Si la religiosité de la société tunisienne et son statut de victime de la dictature ont favorisé son score de 38 %, liberté de parole, floraison des partis et vitalité de la société civile sont une épreuve inédite pour lui. Trois champs (le syndicat, l’université et les médias) sont aux premières loges (avec la magistrature) pour résister aux mesures hégémoniques d’une formation qui table sur la légitimité carcérale et le résultat des urnes pour asseoir son retour aux affaires. À côté de ces résistances, Ennahda doit aussi faire face aux difficultés économiques et sociales du pays qui sont d’autant moins maîtrisées par ce parti qu’il a été absent des luttes sociales et que le libéralisme économique – à l’origine de la crise persistante – est le seul horizon d’une équipe gouvernementale inexpérimentée.
Le Hamas et les printemps arabes
Authors: Seurat Leïla 
Published: September 2013

À partir du déclenchement des évènements révolutionnaires en Tunisie qui ont conduit au départ du président Ben Ali, le mouvement de la résistance islamique en Palestine, le Hamas, a infléchi sa stratégie en investissant sur le « printemps arabe ». L’objectif est d’apparaître, surtout aux yeux de son propre public, comme facteur mais aussi comme principal bénéficiaire de ces transformations régionales. Proposant une lecture idéologique qui met l’accent sur des éléments consensuels au sein du mouvement, cette entreprise peut tout autant servir à faire oublier des points qui ont longuement été discutés ou qui restent l’objet de discordes entre les différents leaders. Cet article cherche également à mesurer les effets réels des révoltes arabes sur le Hamas en confrontant les pratiques aux expériences historiques tout en réinscrivant celles-ci dans leurs interactions avec les stratégies des autres acteurs régionaux.