bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Characterization of 3D MnNi2O4@MnNi2S4/NF-MOF-67-rGO nanoflower@nanosheet for ultra-high capacity electrode material
Authors: Antony Sakthi S. , Rakini Chanderasekaran J.H. , Niresha Gnana Mary A. , Surendra Varma M. , Lakhsmi Prabha P. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study reports a novel 3D MnNi2O4@MnNi2S4/NF-MOF-67-rGO core-shell nanoflower@nanosheet synthesized at very high temperature and pressure shows an outstanding electrode substance for ultra-high super capacitor. The structure of MnNi2O4@MnNi2S4 was determined by using infrad red spectrum, scanning electron microscopic images and cyclic voltammetric techniques. The core (MnNi2O4) and shell (MnNi2S4) are both dynamic resources and they are involved in the Faraday redox processes to make possible the MnNi2O4@MnNi2S4 conducting device to acquire more electrochemical properties. The power capacitance of the MnNi2O4@MnNi2S4 electrode material reaches 805.09 C g−1 while the density of the current is 1.0 A g−1. Furthermore, the preservation rate of specific capacity of the MnNi2O4@MnNi2S4 electrode reaches 91.50% after the five thousand charge - discharge cycles while the density of current is 20.0 A g−1. The energy density for the MnNi2O4@MnNi2S4//AC material attains 74.64 Wh kg−1 at a energy density of 774.05 Wh kg−1. In addition, the MnNi2O4@MnNi2S4 //AC shows exceptional self-discharge properties. Therefore, the MnNi2O4@MnNi2S4 conducting device presents wide-ranging utilities and applications for capacitors of the battery-type. In this work, a novel 3D MnNi2O4@MnNi2S4 /NF-MOF-67-rGO core-shell nano arrangement was effectively grown-up on the Nickel foam via the reaction mixture growth technique, which misplaced the conductive additive and addition of binder and the complex method of electrode fabrication. It is quite remarkable that the maximum energy storage capacity of the 3D MnNi2O4@MnNi2S4/NF-MOF-67-rGO reaches 3579.60 F g−1 at the current density of 1.0 A g−1 and 1008.50 F g−1 at the current density of 20.0 A g−1. At a given density of current of 15.0 A g−1, the retention rate of maximum energy storage capacity reaches 94.10 % after 5 cycles, showing excellent cycling performances.
Formulation and characterization of Pyrazinamide loaded pegylated polypropylene imine dendrimer and its alteration in the pharmacokinetics
Authors: Balasubramanian Arul , Balasubramanian Valli Manalan , Ramalingam Kothai 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCurrent study aimed to build a dendrimer for tuberculosis treatment that was loaded with pyrazinamide. The medication pyrazinamide was loaded onto a PEGylated poly(propylene-imine) dendrimer. When it comes to tailored drug delivery, dendrimers are just plain awesome. Investigations into improving the drug loading capacity are being conducted on the free dendrimer, and the synthesised pyrazinamide loaded dendrimer. According to multiple studies, the core Ethylene Diamine (EDA)-PPI dendrimers of the ethylene diamine initiator can be effectively modified by PEGylation. This effort will increase therapeutic value and minimise changes in plasma concentration by carrying out drug transportation at a controlled rate. The therapeutic intervention for tuberculosis patients is enhanced by this feature. A pyrazinamide drug-loaded dendrimer was prepared in separate batches with varying concentrations; the optimal formulation was chosen and given to a rabbit, with the plasma concentration compared to that of the pure drug. Various pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated and the optimized formulation showed excel in the pharmacokinetic parameters.
Design, Synthesis, and In-vitro anti-tuberculosis activity of 2-substituted-1,5-diphenyl-1,2-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione Derivatives
Authors: Venkatachalam T , Sasi P , Senthilkumar N , Muthukrishnan M , Asrar Ahamed A , Premkumar R 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In the present study, the novel mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) inhibitors, 2-substituted 1,5-diphenyl-1,2-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione derivatives, were designed and synthesized. FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and Mass spectrum were used to characterize the synthesized molecules. The docking analysis showed that the synthesized molecules have moderate to considerable interactions with the M. tuberculosis targeted enzyme. The molecules 3a (−16.33 kcal mol−1) and 3b (−15.36 kcal mol−1) show comparable C-docker energies to the standard M. tuberculosis drug, isoniazid (−16.95 kcal mol−1). The in vitro anti-tuberculosis efficacies were examined in the strain of M. tuberculosis H37Rv with the help of the LRP technique. At concentrations of 100 and 500 μg/ml, all tested molecules show a significant percentage of inhibition (89-98.6%). The derivatives 3a and 3b substituted with morpholine exhibit greater affinity toward strain of M. tuberculosis H37Rv at both concentration levels among the synthesized molecules.
AC Impedance Analysis of Blend Polymer Electrolyte of PVP – PPA with Magnesium Salts as an Ionic Dopant for Potential Battery Applications
Authors: Diana Sangeetha R.S. , Collins Arun Prakash V. , Indira J. , Daries Bella R.S. , Prabu S. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Solid polymer electrolyte films containing blend polymer electrolyte of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and Poly p - amino benzoic acid (PPA) with varying ratios of magnesium salts were synthesized by solution casting method. Their conduction and relaxation mechanisms were studied by impedance spectroscopy (AC) at room temperature. The dependence of electrical data on frequency was analyzed by Cole – Cole plot and Jonscher’s power law. The semicircle seen in the plot represents the double relaxation process and shows how bulk electrolyte and the interfacial effect contribute to non-Debye and electrical conduction. The ac and dc conductivity values were calculated and the conductivity variation for the blend polymer PVP – PPA doped with different concentrations of magnesium salts was explained by the ionic contribution of the electrolytes. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss were measured by the dielectric investigations. The relaxation phenomenon of these electrolytes is provided by the dissipation factor analysis and electric modulus value. The conductivity of the system determines the suitability of the thin film concentration for potential battery applications as a polymer electrolyte.
Polymer based Carbon Aerogels for Methylene blue and indigo carmine dyes removal
Authors: Anusuya S , Ganesamoorthy R , Jeyakanthan M 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Herein we prepared the polymer-based carbon aerogel (CAs) from resorcinol and thiophene-2-carboxyaldehyde. The prepared CAs was characterized using the powder X-Ray diffraction (PXRD) spectroscopy and Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The above characterization techniques confirmed the formation of CA’s. As we know the CA’s possess good surface area. Hence, we used the CAs for the purpose of removing the organic dyes from the water. In the application purpose we removed Methylene Blue (MB) dye and Indigo Carmine (IC) dye from the water. Initial results confirmed that CAs actively removes 100% dyes in 3.5 and 4 h for MB and IC dyes respectively.
Rotary barrel tumbling as a method of surface preparation for pin-on-disc wear testing samples
Authors: Xavier Leonardo M , Neto Carlos A R , Marins Antonio A L , Strey Nathan F , Boher Christine , Scandian Cherlio 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Surface preparation is essential to ensure sample homogeneity in terms of surface roughness and mechanical properties, as these factors can significantly affect wear behavior and test repeatability. Although conventional semi-automatic and automatic grinding and polishing processes are efficient and well established, limitations arise for the preparation of large numbers of samples of a hard material such as high-carbon steel, including issues with sample geometry, the need for on-demand sample holders, cost-related limitations, and even considerable human workload and expertise. This study aims to evaluate the use of rotary barrel tumbling—a polishing method that relies on the sliding of abrasive media over the samples’ surface inside a rotating barrel—as an alternative method to prepare the surface of wheel and rail steel samples for pin-on-disc wear testing. A 4-stage tumbling procedure was employed, using different compositions of tumbling media in each stage. Surface roughness and hardness were evaluated throughout the process via 2D and 3D profilometry, microhardness Vickers measurements, and optical microscopy. The proposed method resulted in significant reductions in the surface roughness and hardness of the samples, along with improved homogeneity between samples of different materials and within the same material. These findings suggest that rotary barrel tumbling is an effective alternative method for the surface preparation of pins and discs made of high-carbon steel, enhancing the samples’ suitability for subsequent wear tests.
A differentiable quantum phase estimation algorithm
Authors: Castaldo Davide , Jahangiri Soran , Migliore Agostino , Miguel Arrazola Juan , Corni Stefano 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The simulation of electronic properties is a pivotal issue in modern electronic structure theory, driving significant efforts over the past decades to develop protocols for computing energy derivatives. In this work, we address this problem by developing a strategy to integrate the quantum phase estimation algorithm within a fully differentiable framework. This is accomplished by devising a smooth estimator able to tackle arbitrary initial states. We provide analytical expressions to characterize the statistics and algorithmic cost of this estimator. Furthermore, we provide numerical evidence that the estimation accuracy is retained when an arbitrary state is considered and that it exceeds the one of standard majority rule. We explicitly use this procedure to estimate chemically relevant quantities, demonstrating our approach through ground-state and triplet excited state geometry optimization with simulations involving up to 19 qubits. This work paves the way for new quantum algorithms that combine interference methods and quantum differentiable programming.
Beyond Hawks and Doves
Authors: McCourt David 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter traces the polarization of Engagement within America’s Chin field. For several years after the fall of the Berlin Wall, strategy toward each was largely consensual and bipartisan, both countries viewed through a lens of opportunity. On distinct timelines, America’s approach polarized, broad groupings emerging pushing more and less critical readings of developments in Russia and China. This chapter details the emergence of pro- versus anti-Engagement groups, and a “shift in the center of gravity” of the China-watching community. The chapter notes the importance of Trump’s election, which furthered a latent polarization around Engagement, and details the strange bedfellows created as disillusioned left-wing academics made common cause with military hawks and human rights defenders, while libertarian think tankers came to agree with former diplomats defending the record of Engagement.
The Politics of U.S. Russia Expertise
Authors: McCourt David 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Professional status competition in the Russia-watching community shares important features with the China field. Putative experts police field boundaries, disagreeing over what constitutes Russia expertise. Similarly, calls for and rejections of nuanced assessments align with distinct perspectives on relations with Moscow. How America’s Russia experts see their object depends on where they see it from, as further analysis of the contending open letters of 2020 attests; different kinds of Absent the same kinds of divisions in the smaller and more unified Russia-watching community, the Russia community has not witnessed a similar paradigmatic turnover to China Engagement as frame and community. Salient here too are differences between China and Russia as objects of knowledge, and the divergent, but connected, histories of China and Russia-watching as institutionalized practices. In particular, where China watching steadily increased after the Cold War, the Russia field entered a steep decline, only arrested after 2014.
A classification system for germination in desiccation-sensitive Fagaceae acorns: with particular focus on physiological and epicotyl dormancy
Authors: Jaganathan Ganesh K , Phartyal Shyam S 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Since the 17th century, understanding the germination ecology of Fagaceae fruits has attracted considerable interest. However, several questions remain, including: (i) How widespread is the coexistence of dormancy and desiccation-sensitivity (DS)? (ii) What kind of dormancy do Fagaceae fruits/acorns have? (iii) How common is epicotyl dormancy in Fagaceae fruits/acorns? (iv) What is the influence of embryonic axis position in Fagaceae fruits/acorns in relation to germination? Our literature synthesis shows that most—but not all—Fagaceae fruits/acorns are desiccation-sensitive. Many Quercus species have either physiological dormancy (PD) or epicotyl physiological dormancy (ePD), though the latter has been hitherto underestimated. Here, we propose a new classification system for Fagaceae species and identify two germination types: Type-I and Type-II. Further, we subdivide Type-I into Type-IA adjacent lingular (radicle extends through the apex and shoots develop close to the fruits/acorns) and Type-IS adjacent lingular (radicle extends near the scar and shoots develop close to the fruits/acorns), and Type-II into Type-IIA remote tubular, where the radicle extends through the apex or near the scar (Type-IIS), but shoots emerge at a distance from the fruits/acorns. Why the embryonic axis position varies between species cannot be explained based on phylogenetic relationships.
Estrogen Receptor β Activation Mitigates Colitis-associated Intestinal Fibrosis via Inhibition of TGF-β/Smad and TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB Signaling Pathways
Authors: Ling Fangmei , Chen Yidong , Li Junrong , Xu Mingyang , Song Gengqing , Tu Lei , Wang Huan , Li Shuang , Zhu Liangru 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Intestinal fibrosis, a complex complication of colitis, is characterized by excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. Estrogen receptor (ER) β may play a role in regulating this process.

Methods
Intestinal tissue samples from stenotic and nonstenotic regions were collected from Crohn’s disease (CD) patients. RNA sequencing was conducted on a mouse model to identify differentially expressed mRNAs. Histological, immunohistochemical, and semiquantitative Western blotting analyses were employed to assess ECM deposition and fibrosis. The roles of relevant pathways in fibroblast transdifferentiation, activity, and migration were examined.

Results
Estrogen receptor β expression was found to be downregulated in the stenotic intestinal tissue of CD patients. Histological fibrosis score, collagen deposition, and profibrotic molecules in the colon of an intestinal fibrosis mouse model were significantly decreased after activation of ERβ. In vitro, ERβ activation alleviated transforming growth factor (TGF)-β-induced fibroblast activation and migration, as evidenced by the inhibition of col1α1, fibronectin, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen I, and N-cadherin expression. RNA sequencing showed that ERβ activation affected the expression of genes involved in ECM homeostasis and tissue remodeling. Enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes highlighted that the downregulated genes were enriched in ECM-receptor interaction, TGF-β signaling, and Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling. Western blotting confirmed the involvement of TGF-β/Smad and TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathways in modulating fibrosis both in vivo and in vitro. The promoter activity of TGF-β1 and TLR4 could be suppressed by ERβ transcription factor.

Conclusion
Estrogen receptor β may regulate intestinal fibrosis through modulation of the TGF-β/Smad and TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathways. Targeting ERβ activation could be a promising therapeutic strategy for treating intestinal fibrosis.
The choice of the PICC as the proper law of the contract in Latin American jurisdictions: Chilean contract law as a sample study
Authors: Vial Undurraga María Ignacia , Zuloaga Ríos Isabel 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This article analyses a distinctive trend in Latin American conflict laws to enable the parties to choose the Unidroit Principles of International Commercial Contracts (PICC) as the proper law of the contract since this choice must be upheld by national courts. This provides an incentive for contracting parties linked to Latin American jurisdictions to adopt updated and fair rules that are inexistent in their domestic contract laws. This trend began with the 1994 Mexico Convention and has spread to the new conflict rules on contracts enacted in Latin America and even to the 2015 Hague Principles. Nowadays, the choice of the PICC to govern the substance of a contract might be upheld in the national courts of several Latin American countries. This solution is unique since it is not allowed in most jurisdictions, such as those of the European Union, which only accept ‘ordinary legal techniques’ for applying the PICC. There is now legal certainty that the PICC will be applied in arbitration and litigation in these Latin American jurisdictions, either via the ordinary legal techniques or via choosing the PICC as the rules of law governing a contract subject to judicial adjudication. This benefits parties that do not have in their domestic contract law some of the PICC’s solutions. Using Chilean contract law as a sample study, we will show that the PICC’s rules on the pre-contractual stage and on hardship are better suited than existing national laws to negotiate, conclude, and perform international commercial contracts.
Comparison of Scheimpflug Imaging (Pentacam HR) and Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography (CASIA2) in Eyes With Macular Corneal Dystrophy
Authors: Berger Tim , Flockerzi Elias , Daas Loay , Maiassi Nadir , Seitz Berthold 
Published: July 2024

Purpose:
Assessment of tomographic characteristics and interdevice comparability between Scheimpflug imaging (Pentacam HR, Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany) and swept-source optical coherence tomography (CASIA2, Tomey Corp., Nagoya, Japan) in eyes with macular corneal dystrophy (MCD).

Methods:
Eyes with MCD were examined by Pentacam HR and CASIA2. Interdevice comparison was performed using a Wilcoxon matched pairs test and Bland–Altman plots with 95% limit of agreement. A Spearman rank correlation coefficient was used for correlating indices of both devices.

Results:
This retrospective study included 31 eyes of 18 patients (mean age: 32.1 ± 10.7 years). Eyes with MCD demonstrated a moderate astigmatism with a Cylinder anterior of 2.56 ± 1.50 D (Pentacam HR) and 2.52 ± 1.57 D (CASIA2) without a difference between both devices. CASIA2 (0.34 ± 0.14 D) measured lower values of Cylinder posterior compared with Pentacam HR (0.96 ± 0.66 D) (P < 0.0001). Comparison of pachymetry (Pentacam HR vs. CASIA2) showed higher values of the central corneal thickness (619 ± 227 μm vs. 445 ± 67 μm, P = 0.0001) and the thinnest corneal thickness (499 ± 165 μm vs. 430 ± 60 μm, P = 0.0167) for Pentacam HR. Corneal densitometry measurement revealed that increasing gray scale units caused a greater interdevice difference for pachymetry values, as Pentacam HR measured higher than CASIA2 for more opaque corneas.

Conclusions:
Eyes with MCD tend to have thinner corneas and a higher amount of corneal astigmatism than healthy eyes. In advanced MCD, Scheimpflug technology may mistakenly overestimate corneal thickness. The pachymetry measurement of the optical coherence tomography should be used when planning corneal surgery such as excimer laser-assisted phototherapeutic keratectomy to determine the ablation depth.
Dietary fats as regulators of neutrophil plasticity: an update on molecular mechanisms
Authors: Parolini Anna , Da Dalt Lorenzo , Norata Giuseppe Danilo , Baragetti Andrea 
Published: July 2024

Purpose of review
Contemporary guidelines for the prevention of cardio-metabolic diseases focus on the control of dietary fat intake, because of their adverse metabolic effects. Moreover, fats alter innate immune defenses, by eliciting pro-inflammatory epigenetic mechanisms on the long-living hematopoietic cell progenitors which, in the bone marrow, mainly give rise to short-living neutrophils. Nevertheless, the heterogenicity of fats and the complexity of the biology of neutrophils pose challenges in the understanding on how this class of nutrients could contribute to the development of cardio-metabolic diseases via specific molecular mechanisms activating the inflammatory response.

Recent findings
The knowledge on the biology of neutrophils is expanding and there are now different cellular networks orchestrating site-specific reprogramming of these cells to optimize the responses against pathogens. The innate immune competence of neutrophil is altered in response to high fat diet and contributes to the development of metabolic alterations, although the precise mechanisms are still poorly understood.

Summary
Defining the different molecular mechanisms involved in the fat-neutrophil crosstalk will help to reconcile the sparse data about the interaction of dietary fats with neutrophils and to tailor strategies to target neutrophils in the context of cardio-metabolic diseases.
Patients with cardinal symptoms of eosinophilic esophagitis. Prejudice affects clinical practice…
Authors: Voulgaris Theodoros , Alexopoulos Theodoros , Vlachogiannakos Jiannis , Kamberoglou Dimitrios , Koutsoumbas Andreas , Papaxoinis Kostantinos , Fytily Paraskeyi , Papatheodoridis George , Karamanolis George P. 
Published: July 2024

Introduction
Dysphagia and bolus impaction are the cardinal manifestations of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). Esophageal biopsy sampling is mandatory for EoE diagnosis, data though suggest that clinician do not always obtain biopsies from patients with cardinal EoE symptoms during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy even if no other entity than EoE can explain patients symptoms. We aimed to search for the esophageal biopsy procurement rate as also for factors that drive clinicians to obtain esophageal biopsies among patients with cardinal EoE symptoms.

Methods
We retrospectively searched for patients with cardinal EoE symptoms submitted to upper gastrointestinal endoscopy between 1/2018 and 12/2023 in our department. Epidemiologic, clinical, endoscopic, and histological data were analyzed.

Results
In total 163 patients with cardinal EoE symptoms (dysphagia: 63 and bolus impaction: 100) were included in the study (M/F: 100/63, mean age: 54 ± 22 years). Biopsy sampling was obtained in 77/163 (47.2%) patients and sampling rates did not differ between patients with bolus impaction or dysphagia (47/100, 47% vs 30/63, 47.6%, P = 0.553). Higher rates of sampling were observed in males (P = 0.045), those younger than 65 years old (P < 0.001) and patients with endoscopic EoE signs (P = 0.004). Age and endoscopic findings compatible to EoE were independently correlated to biopsy sampling. EoE was diagnosed in 35/74 patients (47.3%); the majority of patients were male, with a bolus impaction episode, compatible endoscopic findings and all were younger than 65 years old.

Conclusion
Clinicians take esophageal biopsies in half of patients with cardinal EoE. Age and supportive endoscopic evidence drive clinicians’ decision to obtain esophageal biopsies.