bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Barriers to Electronic Prescribing: Nebraska Pharmacists’ Perspective
Authors: Lander Lina , Klepser Donald G. , Cochran Gary L. , Lomelin Daniel E. , Morien Marsha 
Published: October 2012

AbstractPurpose: Electronic prescribing (e‐prescribing) and its accompanying clinical decision support capabilities have been promoted as means for reducing medication errors and improving efficiency. The objectives of this study were to identify the barriers to adoption of e‐prescribing among nonparticipating Nebraska pharmacies and to describe how the lack of pharmacy participation impacts the ability of physicians to meet meaningful use criteria.Methods: We interviewed pharmacists and/or managers from nonparticipating pharmacies to determine barriers to the adoption of e‐prescribing. We used open‐ended questions and a structured questionnaire to capture participants’ responses.Findings: Of the 23 participants, 10 (43%) reported plans to implement e‐prescribing sometime in the future but delayed participation due to transaction fees and maintenance costs, as well as lack of demand from customers and prescribers to implement e‐prescribing. Nine participants (39%) reported no intention to e‐prescribe in the future, citing start‐up costs for implementing e‐prescribing, transaction fees and maintenance costs, happiness with the current system, and lack of understanding about e‐prescribing's benefits and how to implement e‐prescribing.Conclusions: The barriers to e‐prescribing identified by both late adopters and those not willing to accept e‐prescriptions were similar and were mainly initial costs and transaction fees associated with each new prescription. For some rural pharmacies, not participating in e‐prescribing may be a rational business decision. To increase participation, waiving or reimbursing transaction fees, based on demographic or financial characteristics of the pharmacy, may be warranted.
A proposed theoretical model of help‐seeking among Korean‐American women with urinary incontinence
Authors: Kang Youngmi 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTThere is no integrated theoretical model explaining help‐seeking for urinary incontinence (UI) that links individual factors to socio‐cultural and systemic factors among Korean‐American women. The purpose of this article was to develop a theoretical model derived from a systemic perspective to explain the help‐seeking among Korean‐American women with UI. The Behavioural Model for Vulnerable Populations derived from a systemic perspective was adapted to develop a theoretical model. Individual factors (i.e. biological risk factors, health beliefs, social structure, income, a regular source of health care and perceived need), systemic factors (i.e. social support and transportation), and unique cultural factors (i.e. acculturation, family tradition and authority, and the preference of a health care provider) were included in the theoretical model. A proposed theoretical model in this article will give an opportunity to understand the relationships among factors that influence to help‐seeking among Korean‐American women with UI. This will be helpful to design culturally competent UI care intervention for Korean‐American women.
Fks1 and Fks2 Are Functionally Redundant but Differentially Regulated in Candida glabrata: Implications for Echinocandin Resistance
Authors: Katiyar Santosh K. , Alastruey-Izquierdo Ana , Healey Kelley R. , Johnson Michael E. , Perlin David S. , Edlind Thomas D. 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACT

The echinocandins caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin, inhibitors of cell wall β-1,3-glucan synthesis, were recently elevated to first-line agents for treating infections due to the azole-refractory yeast
Candida glabrata
. In
Candida albicans
, echinocandin resistance is strictly associated with mutations in Fks1, a large integral membrane protein and putative β-1,3-glucan synthase, while mutations in both Fks1 and its paralog Fks2 (but not Fks3) have been associated with resistance in
C. glabrata
. To further explore their function, regulation, and role in resistance,
C. glabrata
fks
genes were disrupted and subjected to mutational analysis, and their differential regulation was explored. An
fks1
Δ
fks2
Δ double disruptant was not able to be generated; otherwise, all three single and remaining two double disruptants displayed normal growth and echinocandin susceptibility, indicating Fks1-Fks2 redundancy. Selection on echinocandin-containing medium for resistant mutants was dependent on strain background: only
fks1
Δ and
fks1
Δ
fks3
Δ strains consistently yielded mutants exhibiting high-level resistance, all with Fks2 hot spot 1 mutations. Thus, Fks1-Fks2 redundancy attenuates the rate of resistance; further analysis showed that it also attenuates the impact of resistance-conferring mutations. Growth of the
fks1
Δ and, especially,
fks1
Δ
fks3
Δ strains was specifically susceptible to the calcineurin inhibitor FK506. Relatedly, FK506 addition or calcineurin gene
CMP2
disruption specifically reversed Fks2-mediated resistance of laboratory mutants and clinical isolates. RNA analysis suggests that transcriptional control is not the sole mechanism by which calcineurin modulates Fks2 activity.
Full and Broad-Spectrum
In Vivo
Eradication of Catheter-Associated Biofilms Using Gentamicin-EDTA Antibiotic Lock Therapy
Authors: Chauhan Ashwini , Lebeaux David , Ghigo Jean-Marc , Beloin Christophe 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACT

Biofilms that develop on indwelling devices are a major concern in clinical settings. While removal of colonized devices remains the most frequent strategy for avoiding device-related complications, antibiotic lock therapy constitutes an adjunct therapy for catheter-related infection. However, currently used antibiotic lock solutions are not fully effective against biofilms, thus warranting a search for new antibiotic locks. Metal-binding chelators have emerged as potential adjuvants due to their dual anticoagulant/antibiofilm activities, but studies investigating their efficiency were mainly
in vitro
or else focused on their effects in prevention of infection. To assess the ability of such chelators to eradicate mature biofilms, we used an
in vivo
model of a totally implantable venous access port inserted in rats and colonized by either
Staphylococcus aureus
,
Staphylococcus epidermidis
,
Escherichia coli
, or
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
. We demonstrate that use of tetrasodium EDTA (30 mg/ml) as a supplement to the gentamicin (5 mg/ml) antibiotic lock solution associated with systemic antibiotics completely eradicated Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial biofilms developed in totally implantable venous access ports. Gentamicin-EDTA lock was able to eliminate biofilms with a single instillation, thus reducing length of treatment. Moreover, we show that this combination was effective for immunosuppressed rats. Lastly, we demonstrate that a gentamicin-EDTA lock is able to eradicate the biofilm formed by a gentamicin-resistant strain of methicillin-resistant
S. aureus
. This
in vivo
study demonstrates the potential of EDTA as an efficient antibiotic adjuvant to eradicate catheter-associated biofilms of major bacterial pathogens and thus provides a promising new lock solution.
Rock magnetic properties of drill cutting from a hydrocarbon exploratory well and their relationship to hydrocarbon presence and petrophysical properties
Authors: Mena M. , Walther A. M. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
The Golfo San Jorge Basin is one of the most important hydrocarbon-producing basins in Argentina. A study of magnetic properties performed on drill cutting from an oil well drilled in this basin was carried out. The cutting samples, taken from an interval of about 400 m thickness, correspond to the upper units of the Pozo D-129 Formation, the main source rock of the basin. Magnetic susceptibility measurements were made and rock-magnetism studies were conducted. Concentration indices of the different magnetic species determined were calculated based on isothermal remanent magnetization acquisition curves. A correlation analysis among magnetic properties, hydrocarbon content and well logs (sonic, neutron, density, induction, resistivity and photoelectric factor) was performed. Several kinds of significant correlations were found: a positive correlation between susceptibility and relative hydrocarbon content; a positive correlation between magnetic properties and porosities (especially good with the neutron log porosity); and a negative correlation between the concentration indices of some magnetic species (magnetite and pyrrhotite) and resistivity. Pyrrhotite could be directly related to the presence or migration of hydrocarbons through the porous units.
The qualitative correlations between magnetic data and key petrophysical parameters such as porosity, along with the association of magnetic mineralogy to hydrocarbon presence or migration, suggest the potential usefulness of these techniques for subsurface exploration.
INVISIOS
Authors: Arora Divya , Aaraj Najwa , Raghunathan Anand , Jha Niraj K. 
Published: October 2012

Many information security attacks exploit vulnerabilities in “trusted” and privileged software executing on the system, such as the operating system (OS). On the other hand, most security mechanisms provide no immunity to security-critical user applications if vulnerabilities are present in the underlying OS. While technologies have been proposed that facilitate isolation of security-critical software, they require either significant computational resources and are hence not applicable to many resource-constrained embedded systems, or necessitate extensive redesign of the underlying processors and hardware.
In this work, we propose INVISIOS: a lightweight, minimally intrusive hardware-software architecture to make the execution of security-critical software invisible to the OS, and hence protected from its vulnerabilities. The INVISIOS software architecture encapsulates the security-critical software into a self-contained software module. While this module is part of the kernel and is run with kernel-level privileges, its code, data, and execution are transparent to and protected from the rest of the kernel. The INVISIOS hardware architecture consists of simple add-on hardware components that are responsible for bootstrapping the secure core, ensuring that it is exercised by applications in only permitted ways, and enforcing the isolation of its code and data. We implemented INVISIOS by enhancing a full-system emulator and Linux to model the proposed software and hardware enhancements, and applied it to protect a commercial cryptographic library. Our experiments demonstrate that INVISIOS is capable of facilitating secure execution at very small overheads, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems and systems-on-chip.
On Heuristic Solutions to the Simple Offset Assignment Problem in Address-Code Optimization
Authors: Shokry Hesham , El-Boghdadi Hatem M. 
Published: October 2012

The increasing demand for more functionality in embedded systems applications nowadays requires efficient generation of compact code for embedded DSP processors. Because such processors have highly irregular data-paths, compilers targeting those processors are challenged with the automatic generation of optimized code with competent quality comparable to hand-crafted code. A major issue in code-generation is to optimize the placement of program variables in ROM relative to each other so as to reduce the overhead instructions dedicated for address computations. Modern DSP processors are typically shipped with a feature called Address Generation Unit (AGU) that provides efficient address-generation instructions for accessing program variables. Compilers targeting those processors are expected to exploit the AGU to optimize variables assignment. This article focuses on one of the basic offset-assignment problems; the Simple Offset Assignment (SOA) problem, where the AGU has only one Address Register and no Modify Registers. The notion of Tie-Break Function, TBF, introduced by Leupers and Marwedel [1996], has been used to guide the placement of variables in memory.
In this article, we introduce a more effective form of the TBF; the Effective Tie-Breaking Function, ETBF, and show that the ETBF is better at guiding the variables placement process. Underpinning ETBF is the fact that program variables are placed in memory in sequence, with each variable having only two neighbors. We applied our technique to randomly generated graphs as well as to real-world code from the OffsetStone testbench [2010]).
In previous work [Ali et al. 2008], our technique showed up to 7% reduction in overhead when applied to randomly-generated problem instances. We report in this article on a further experiment of our technique on real-code from the Offsetstone testbench. Despite the substantial improvement our technique has achieved when applied to random problem instances, we found that it shows slight overhead reduction when applied to real-world instances in OffsetStone, which agrees with similar existing experiments. We analyze these results and show that the ETBF defaults to TBF.
Combining recency of information with selective random and a victim cache in last-level caches
Authors: Valero Alejandro , Sahuquillo Julio , Petit Salvador , López Pedro , Duato José 
Published: October 2012

Memory latency has become an important performance bottleneck in current microprocessors. This problem aggravates as the number of cores sharing the same memory controller increases. To palliate this problem, a common solution is to implement cache hierarchies with large or huge Last-Level Cache (LLC) organizations.
LLC memories are implemented with a high number of ways (e.g., 16) to reduce conflict misses. Typically, caches have implemented the LRU algorithm to exploit temporal locality, but its performance goes away from the optimal as the number of ways increases. In addition, the implementation of a strict LRU algorithm is costly in terms of area and power.
This article focuses on a family of low-cost replacement strategies, whose implementation scales with the number of ways while maintaining the performance. The proposed strategies track the accessing order for just a few blocks, which cannot be replaced. The victim is randomly selected among those blocks exhibiting poor locality. Although, in general, the random policy helps improving the performance, in some applications the scheme fails with respect to the LRU policy leading to performance degradation. This drawback can be overcome by the addition of a small victim cache of the large LLC.
Experimental results show that, using the best version of the family without victim cache, MPKI reduction falls in between 10% and 11% compared to a set of the most representative state-of-the-art algorithms, whereas the reduction grows up to 22% with respect to LRU. The proposal with victim cache achieves speedup improvements, on average, by 4% compared to LRU. In addition, it reduces dynamic energy, on average, up to 8%. Finally, compared to the studied algorithms, hardware complexity is largely reduced by the baseline algorithm of the family.
Susceptibility-weighted imaging in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model of multiple sclerosis indicates elevated deoxyhemoglobin, iron deposition and demyelination
Authors: Nathoo Nabeela , Agrawal Smriti , Wu Ying , Haylock-Jacobs Sarah , Yong V Wee , Foniok Tad , Barnes Samuel , Obenaus Andre , Dunn Jeff F 
Published: October 2012

Background: Susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) is an iron-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) method that has shown iron-related lesions in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. The contribution of deoxyhemoglobin to the signals seen in SWI has not been well characterized in MS. Objectives: To determine if SWI lesions (seen as focal hypointensities) exist in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) animal model of MS, and to determine whether the lesions relate to iron deposits, inflammation, demyelination, and/or deoxyhemoglobin in the vasculature. Methods: We performed SWI on the lumbar spinal cord and cerebellum of EAE and control mice (both complete Freund’s adjuvant/pertussis toxin (CFA/PTX)-immunized and naive). We also performed SWI on mice before and after perfusion (to remove blood from vessels). SWI lesions were counted and their locations were compared to histology for iron, myelin and inflammation. Results: SWI lesions were found to exist in the EAE model. Many lesions seen by SWI were not present after perfusion, especially at the grey/white matter boundary of the lumbar spinal cord and in the cerebellum, indicating that these lesion signals were associated with deoxyhemoglobin present in the lumen of vessels. We also observed SWI lesions in the white matter of the lumbar spinal cord that corresponded to iron deposition, inflammation and demyelination. In the cerebellum, SWI lesions were present in white matter tracts, where we found histological evidence of inflammatory perivascular cuffs. Conclusions: SWI lesions exist in EAE mice. Many lesions seen in SWI were a result of deoxyhemoglobin in the blood, and so may indicate areas of hypoxia. A smaller number of SWI lesions coincided with parenchymal iron, demyelination, and/or inflammation.
Comparative evaluation of flavone from Mucuna pruriens and coumarin from Ionidium suffruticosum for hypolipidemic activity in rats fed with high Fat diet
Authors: Dharmarajan Satheesh Kumar , Arumugam Kottai Muthu 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
The objective of the study is a comparative evaluation of flavone isolated from Mucuna pruriens and coumarin isolated from Ionidium suffruticosum was assessed for the hypolipidemic activity in rats fed with high fat diet. The acute toxicity study was found that flavone (M.pruriens) and coumarin (I.suffruticosum) are safe up to 100mg/kg, so one tenth of this dose (10mg/kg) was consider as a evaluation dose. High fat diet group of rats showed significant (p<0.001) elevation in plasma total and LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids. Administration of flavone (M. pruriens) and coumarin isolated from (I.suffruticosum) at the dose of 10mg/kg b.wt/day along with high fat diet significantly (p<0.001) prevented the rise in the plasma total and LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids than that of other extracts. However, treatment of coumarin isolated from (I.suffruticosum) had showed more cardio protective effect against hyperlipidemia than that of flavone (M.pruriens).
Trigeminal neuralgia post-styloidectomy in Eagle syndrome: a case report
Authors: Blackett John William , Ferraro Daniel J , Stephens John J , Dowling Joshua L , Jaboin Jerry J 
Published: October 2012

AbstractIntroductionEagle syndrome is a condition characterized by an elongated (>3cm) styloid process with associated symptoms of recurrent facial or throat pain. In this report we present a case of Eagle syndrome exhibiting the typical findings of glossopharyngeal nerve involvement, as well as unusual involvement of the trigeminal nerve. Notably, this patient developed a classical trigeminal neuralgia post-styloidectomy.Case presentationA 68-year-old Caucasian woman presented with a 25-year history of dull pain along the right side of her throat, lateral neck, and jaw. Her symptoms were poorly controlled with medication until 15 years ago when she was diagnosed with Eagle syndrome, and underwent a manual fracture of her styloid process. This provided symptomatic relief until 5 years ago when the pain recurred and progressed. She underwent a styloidectomy via a lateral neck approach, which resolved the pain once again. However, 6 months ago a new onset of triggerable, electric shock-like facial pain began within the right V1 and V2 distributions.ConclusionsEagle syndrome is distressing to patients and often difficult to diagnose due to its wide variability in symptoms. It is easily confused with dental pain or temporomandibular joint disorder, leading to missed diagnoses and unnecessary procedures. Pain along the jaw and temple is an unusual but possible consequence of Eagle syndrome. An elongated styloid process should be considered a possible etiology of dull facial pain in the trigeminal distributions, in particular V3.
Isolation of inflammatory cells from rat brain tissue after stroke
Authors: Möller Karoline , Stahl Tobias , Boltze Johannes , Wagner Daniel-Christoph 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
The pathophysiology of sterile inflammation following focal ischemic stroke is complex and not fully understood, but there is growing evidence that it offers several therapeutic options beyond the hitherto existing treatment strategies. The identification and quantification of infiltrating inflammatory cells in animal models of stroke is crucial both for understanding post-stroke inflammation and for drug target identification. Multicolor flow cytometry plays an important role in determining subtypes and quantity of leukocytes that infiltrate the brain tissue after stroke. Until now, most investigations have been performed in mice, most likely due to a significantly broader spectrum of disposable antibodies and available knockout models. Here, we introduce a specific and reproducible method to isolate leukocytes from rat brain specimen in the context of brain ischemia to ultimately allow multi-dimensional flow cytometric characterization and further downstream methods such as cell-subtype sorting and molecular biological approaches.
Longitudinal Changes in Body Mass and Composition in Survivors of Childhood Hematologic Malignancies After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation
Authors: Inaba Hiroto , Yang Jie , Kaste Sue C. , Hartford Christine M. , Motosue Megan S. , Chemaitilly Wassim , Triplett Brandon M. , Shook David R. , Pui Ching-Hon , Leung Wing 
Published: October 2012

Purpose To measure longitudinal changes in body mass and composition in survivors of childhood hematologic malignancies after allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT). Patients and Methods Body mass index (BMI) was analyzed in 179 survivors by category (underweight, healthy-weight, overweight, and obese) and by z score. Fat and lean body mass measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry was analyzed as z scores. Results Over a median 6.6 years of follow-up, BMI z scores diminished significantly (0.32 pre-HSCT v −0.60 at 10 years post-HSCT; P < .001). Mean z scores for fat mass stayed within population norms, but those for lean mass remained below normal levels and diminished significantly over time (P = .018). Pre-HSCT BMI category and/or z score were strongly predictive of post-HSCT BMI (P < .001) and of fat and lean mass z scores (both P < .001). Survivors with extensive chronic graft-versus-host disease were more likely than others to have low BMI (P = .004) and low lean mass (P < .001) post-HSCT. Older age at HSCT (P = .015) and T-cell–depleted graft (P = .018) were predictive of lower post-HSCT BMI. Female patients had higher body fat (P = .002) and lower lean mass (P = .013) z scores than male patients, and black patients had higher fat mass z scores than white patients (P = .026). Conclusion BMI declines significantly after allogeneic HSCT for childhood hematologic malignancies, reflecting primarily a substantial decrease in lean mass but not fat mass. Monitoring and preservation of BMI and lean mass are vital, especially in those with the identified risk factors.