bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pitfalls associated with the diagnosis of herpes simplex encephalitis
Authors: Vachalová Ivana , Kyavar Leila , Heckmann Josef G 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTHerpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) still remains a serious illness with high morbidity and mortality. The characteristic presentation of HSE usually consists of fever, headache, and altered mental function. We present three patients with atypical features of HSE. First, a 48‑year‑old man with symptomatic posttraumatic epilepsy, who developed a gastrointestinal infection, seizures, and fever. After significant clinical improvement, the patient had fever again and developed a status epilepticus, which led to the diagnosis of HSE. Second, an 84‑year‑old woman with hyperactive delirium after levofloxacin intake. Cranial computed tomography (CCT) revealed hypodense temporal changes, prompting lumbar puncture and diagnosis of HSE. Third, a 51‑year‑old diabetic woman presented with fever and acute confusion. As CCT and cell count of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were normal, infection and hyperglycemia as initial diagnoses were postulated. Due to aphasic symptoms, the differential diagnosis of a stroke was taken into account. Thus a second lumbar puncture led to the correct diagnosis of HSE. These atypical presentations need a high grade of suspicion and a high willingness to reconsider the initial working diagnosis, in order to prevent a diagnostic delay.
Reversible diencephalic dysfunction as presentation of deep cerebral venous thrombosis due to hyperhomocysteinemia and protein S deficiency: Documentation of a case
Authors: Hassan Kaukab Maqbool , Kumar Dheeraj 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTA 45‑year‑old man presented with global headache, vomiting and abnormal behavior after cross‑country run at high altitude. There was no seizure, loss of consciousness, fever or head injury. He was conscious, abulic and uncooperative with normal vitals. There was no focal neurological deficit. Non contrast computed tomography scan of head was normal. Magnetic resonance imaging of brain showed venous infarct in bilateral thalami, left basal ganglia and periventricular white matter. Magnetic resonance venography revealed thrombosis involving internal cerebral veins, septal veins, thalamostriate veins, vein of Galen and proximal portion of straight sinus. His condition steadily improved on low molecular weight heparin bridged with oral anticoagulation for one year. At two months, serum homocysteine was 31.51 μmol/l (5.46‑16.2 μmol/l) and protein S was 49.00% (77‑143.00%). He received methylcobalamin, pyridoxine and folic acid. After 16 months, he was asymptomatic with partially recanalized deep cerebral veins and serum homocysteine falling to 16.50 μmol/l (5.46‑16.2 μmol/l).
Lumbar extradural dumbbell cavernous hemangioma: A rare lesion
Authors: Shukla Dinesh , Rao Vinjamuri Srinivasa , Rajesh Alugolu , Uppin Megha Shantveer , Purohit Anirrudh Kumar 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTA 52‑year‑old female presented with slowly progressive left lower limb polyradiculopathy. MRI of the lumbar region revealed an extradural dumbbell mass at L3 vertebral level, isointense on T1W and hyperintense on T2W images with homogenous contrast enhancement and extending into paraspinal region through left L3/4 foramen. L2 to L 4 left hemilaminectomy and excision of intraspinal part of tumor was performed. Histopathological examination revealed presence of cavernous hemangioma. This case is reported because of its rarity, unusual dumbbell shape of lesion and difficulty in making a preoperative diagnosis without a coexisting bone lesion.
Retinoblastoma with Unusual Association of Postaxial Polydactyly
Authors: Mishra Deepak , Ranjan Pratyush , Sinha Bibhuti P. , Baijal Vijay , Bhadauria Madhu 
Published: May 2013

Purpose Retinoblastoma is the most common primary intraocular malignancy of childhood, arising from retinal progenitor cells. The most common presenting feature is leucocoria, followed by strabismus, defective vision, and rarely nystagmus. The unusual associations reported with retinoblastoma are well-differentiated liposarcoma and lipomatous tissues, chromosome breakage syndromes, and the myriad findings of rare 13q deletion syndrome. Methods Case report. Results An 8-year-old boy presented with features of retinoblastoma, having leucocoria in the left eye and an unusual association of postaxial polydactyly in the left hand. Conclusions Postaxial polydactyly should be considered as an association of retinoblastoma.
Accessibility as a Conditioning Factor in Treatment for Exudative Age-related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Real Juan P. , Luna José D. , Urrets-Zavalia Julio A. , De Santis Mariana O. , Palma Santiago D. , Granero Gladys E. 
Published: May 2013

Purpose Ranibizumab and bevacizumab coexist as the main therapeutic strategies for the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (NV-AMD). In Argentina, the access pathways to the drugs are different. Patients with different pathways and gatekeepers to access may experience different outcomes. The purpose of this work was to estimate the impact on therapeutic effects and visual outcome of the different accessibilities to NV-AMD treatment. Methods A retrospective analysis of the charts of 78 patients with previously untreated exudative AMD, who were treated with ranibizumab or bevacizumab between January 2009 and December 2011, was conducted. The main outcomes measured included time delay and change in mean best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) between diagnosis and treatment and mean BCVA change at 1-year follow-ups. Results The delay between diagnosis and treatment and decrease in visual acuity over this time was significantly higher for patients treated with ranibizumab. At 1 year after the initiation of treatment, BCVA had a mean increase from baseline of 0.11 letters in the bevacizumab group with a mean of 4.71 injections, compared with a decrease of 8.87 letters with a mean of 2.98 injections in the ranibizumab group. Conclusions Access to treatment can be a key factor for success of therapy. Waiting times and availability of doses are crucial in the treatment of NV-AMD. Solving the problems related to delayed initiation of therapy and the difficulties in the maintenance phase are more important than define whether bevacizumab or ranibizumab is used.
Detecting Psychological Phenomena: Taking Bottom-Up Research Seriously
Authors: Haig Brian D. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractFor more than 50 years, psychology has been dominated by a top-down research strategy in which a simplistic account of the hypothetico-deductive method is paired with null hypothesis testing in order to test hypotheses and theories. As a consequence of this focus on testing, psychologists have failed to pay sufficient attention to a complementary, bottom-up research strategy in which data-to-theory research is properly pursued. This bottom-up strategy has 2 primary aspects: the detection of phenomena, mostly in the form of empirical generalizations, and the subsequent understanding of those phenomena through the abductive generation of explanatory theories. This article provides a methodologically informative account of phenomena detection with reference to psychology. It begins by presenting the important distinctions between data, phenomena, and theory. It then identifies a number of different methodological strategies that are used to identify empirical phenomena. Thereafter, it discusses aspects of the nature of science that are prompted by a consideration of the distinction between data, phenomena, and explanatory theory. Taken together, these considerations press for significant changes in the way we think about and practice psychological research. The adoption of these changes would help psychology correct a number of its major current research deficiencies.
Affective Modulation of Attentional Switching
Authors: Heerebout Bram T. , Todorović Ana , Smedinga Hilde E. , Phaf R. Hans 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Affective modulation of attentional switching may have developed early in evolution and may therefore have primacy over other affective influences. This behavioral study investigated the influence of affect on attentional switching between emotionally neutral stimuli, whether limited- capacity control processes are involved, and whether attentional flexibility should be distinguished from attentional broadening. Experiment 1 showed that suboptimally presented happy faces facilitated switching from an automatized response routine, whereas angry faces had the opposite effect. In Experiment 2, participants with a dominant global (i.e., broad) or local (i.e., narrow) spatial bias switched more easily to the opposite bias after suboptimal happy faces than after neutral primes but less easily after angry faces. Affective modulation of attentional switching was probably incorporated during evolution in many more complex forms of information processing.
Reducing False Memories via Context Reinstatement: The Roles of Encoding and Retrieval Contexts
Authors: Goodwin Kerri A. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Reinstatement of encoding strategies during recall was investigated in 3 experiments using the Deese-Roediger-McDermott paradigm (Deese, 1959; Roediger & McDermott, 1995). Participants studied lists using either elaborative or rote rehearsal encoding strategies. At test, participants either reinstated their original encoding strategies or used opposing strategies to recall. In Experiment 1, participants provided "think aloud" verbal reports during study and test, and elaborative encoding led to higher levels of correct recall, more instances of verbalizations of critical items, and lower false recall compared with rote encoding. Experiment 2 replicated the results of Experiment 1 without verbal reports. In Experiment 3, false recall was lower only after elaborative encoding and reinstatement of that encoding context. Results support the role of distinctiveness in false recall, which is sensitive to changes in list context and retrieval context after elaborative encoding.
Association Between Fatigue and Pain in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Does Pain Precede Fatigue or Does Fatigue Precede Pain?
Authors: van Dartel S. A. A. , Repping‐Wuts J. W. J. , van Hoogmoed D. , Bleijenberg G. , van Riel P. L. C. M. , Fransen J. 
Published: May 2013

ObjectiveFatigue and pain are important symptoms for patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but their temporal association is unknown. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the longitudinal relationship between fatigue and pain in patients with RA using time‐lag models.MethodsConsecutive RA outpatients (n = 228) were enrolled for this 1‐year study. Fatigue was assessed monthly with the Checklist Individual Strength (CIS; range 8–56) and pain was assessed monthly with the bodily pain subscale (inverted, range 0–100) of the Short Form 36. The association between monthly changes in fatigue and pain was analyzed using longitudinal regression (mixed models), using the same months and with a 1‐month time lag.ResultsA total of 198 patients were included in the analyses. At baseline, the mean ± SD pain score was 35.23 ± 19.82 and the mean ± SD CIS fatigue score was 31.0 ± 12.4. Severe fatigue at baseline (CIS score ≥35) was present in 42% of the patients. The mean ± SD patient‐averaged CIS fatigue score over 1 year was 30.9 ± 6.0 and the mean ± SD patient‐averaged pain score over 1 year was 36.4 ± 18.3. The longitudinal regression analysis showed a significant positive relationship between fatigue and pain during the same month (β = 2.04; 95% confidence interval 1.82, 2.27). The models using a time lag showed no significant association between changes in pain and changes in fatigue.ConclusionIn established RA, pain and fatigue show monthly fluctuations that are synchronous rather than showing a temporal relationship with a time lag; within this timeframe, the results do not indicate that one precedes the other.
Biological and Bioinspired Composites with Spatially Tunable Heterogeneous Architectures
Authors: Studart André R. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe design and fabrication of synthetic structural components often result in homogeneous materials with uniform microstructures and properties. In contrast, nature has evolved structural composites exhibiting rich heterogeneous architectures and tunable site‐specific properties. Creating synthetic systems with the heterogeneous nature of biological materials should enable the fabrication of composites with extended durability under severe mechanical demands or with adequate properties using, for example, a more restricted selection of bioresorbable or environmental‐friendly basic building blocks. Here, the heterogeneous structures of the tooth and of the tendon‐bone interface are revisited to identify design strategies that have been naturally selected to best respond to the non‐uniform stresses distributions typically found in such load‐bearing structures. Recent attempts to replicate some of these strategies in man‐made materials are also shown to illustrate the variety of unusual properties that can be achieved through the proposed bioinspired approach. Finally, the creation of heterogeneous architectures with local microstructure and properties deliberately tuned to match non‐uniform loading conditions is suggested as a new pathway towards the development of “material systems” with unprecedented functionalities and durability in mechanically challenging applications.
Pressure Sensing and Electronic Amplification with Functionalized Graphite–Silicone Composite
Authors: Littlejohn Samuel , Nogaret Alain , Prentice Giles M. , Pantos G. Dan 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA flexible yet electronically active composite that mimics mechanoreceptor neurons in the human skin is synthesized, generating voltage oscillations whose frequency increases with pressure. By encoding pressure into frequency, the sensor achieves a high pressure sensitivity (<10 Pa). The ability to sense pressure and to amplify signals arises from the robust negative differential resistance of functionalized graphitic flakes in silicone.
Hierarchically Structured, Double‐Periodic Inverse Composite Opals
Authors: Retsch Markus , Jonas Ulrich 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA versatile colloidal templating strategy to fabricate hierarchically structured inverse opals is investigated. A sequence of infiltration and pyrolysis steps provides access to a range of material combinations such as SiO2, Al2O3, or TiO2. The experimental results also document the feasibility of this method to fabricate porous polymer films with a double periodic pore lattice.
Strongly Coupled Nanorod Vertical Arrays for Plasmonic Sensing
Authors: Wei Wenbo , Chen Kuan , Ge Guanglu 
Published: May 2013

AbstractDue to their unique optical properties and facile processability, nanorods of noble metals are promising for highly effective nanoscale optical devices. Specifically, the local electric field enhancement brought about by plasmon coupling between nanorods in an array configuration shows great potential for optical sensing. Recent results demonstrate that vertical arrays of noble metal nanorods, used as substrates for surface enhanced Raman scattering, can achieve the sensitivity levels required for presymptomatic detection. Meanwhile, advancements in controlled fabrication methods can provide nanorod arrays with well‐defined structures and properties, which lays the foundation for highly sensitive and reliable sensing. This research news focuses on this rapidly developing field by introducing the mechanisms, characteristics, and preparation methods of nanorod arrays used in plasmonic sensing, along with a perspective for future development and technical requirements.
Carbonaceous Electrode Materials for Supercapacitors
Authors: Hao Long , Li Xianglong , Zhi Linjie 
Published: May 2013

AbstractSupercapacitors have been widely studied around the world in recent years, due to their excellent power density and long cycle life. As the most frequently used electrode materials for supercapacitors, carbonaceous materials attract more and more attention. However, their relatively low energy density still holds back the widespread application. Up to now, various strategies have been developed to figure out this problem. This research news summarizes the recent advances in improving the supercapacitor performance of carbonaceous materials, including the incorporation of heteroatoms and the pore size effect (subnanopores' contribution). In addition, a new class of carbonaceous materials, porous organic networks (PONs) has been managed into the supercapacitor field, which promises great potential in not only improving the supercapacitor performances, but also unraveling the related mechanisms.
Nanomaterials for Reducing Amyloid Cytotoxicity
Authors: Zhang Min , Mao Xiaobo , Yu Yue , Wang Chen‐Xuan , Yang Yan‐Lian , Wang Chen 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis review is intended to reflect the recent progress on therapeutic applications of nanomaterials in amyloid diseases. The progress on anti‐amyloid functions of various nanomaterials including inorganic nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, carbon nanomaterials and biomolecular aggregates, is reviewed and discussed. The main functionalization strategies for general nanoparticle modifications are reviewed for potential applications of targeted therapeutics. The interaction mechanisms between amyloid peptides and nanomaterials are discussed from the perspectives of dominant interactions and kinetics. The encapsulation of anti‐amyloid drugs, targeted drug delivery, controlled drug release and drug delivery crossing blood brain barrier by application of nanomaterials would also improve the therapeutics of amyloid diseases.
A genome‐wide association study of sleep habits and insomnia
Authors: Byrne Enda M. , Gehrman Philip R. , Medland Sarah E. , Nyholt Dale R. , Heath Andrew C. , Madden Pamela A. F. , Hickie Ian B. , Van Duijn Cornelia M. , Henders Anjali K. , Montgomery Grant W. , Martin Nicholas G. , Wray Naomi R. ,   The Chronogen Consortium
Published: May 2013

AbstractSeveral aspects of sleep behavior such as timing, duration and quality have been demonstrated to be heritable. To identify common variants that influence sleep traits in the population, we conducted a genome‐wide association study of six sleep phenotypes assessed by questionnaire in a sample of 2,323 individuals from the Australian Twin Registry. Genotyping was performed on the Illumina 317, 370, and 610K arrays and the SNPs in common between platforms were used to impute non‐genotyped SNPs. We tested for association with more than 2,000,000 common polymorphisms across the genome. While no SNPs reached the genome‐wide significance threshold, we identified a number of associations in plausible candidate genes. Most notably, a group of SNPs in the third intron of the CACNA1C gene ranked as most significant in the analysis of sleep latency (P = 1.3 × 10−6). We attempted to replicate this association in an independent sample from the Chronogen Consortium (n = 2,034), but found no evidence of association (P = 0.73). We have identified several other suggestive associations that await replication in an independent sample. We did not replicate the results from previous genome‐wide analyses of self‐reported sleep phenotypes after correction for multiple testing. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ionic‐liquid‐promoted Four‐component One‐pot Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Benzimidazo[2,1‐b][1,3]thiazines: Facile Construction of N‐fused Heterocycles
Authors: Siddiqui I. R. , Srivastava Anjali , Shamim Shayna , Srivastava Arjita , Shireen  , Waseem Malik A. , Abumhdi Afaf A. H. , Rahila  , Srivastava Anushree , Rai Pragati , Singh R. K. P. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA one‐pot, four‐component, efficient, and facile synthesis of highly functionalized benzimidazo[2,1‐b][1,3]thiazines promoted by ionic liquid ([bmim]Br)/Et3N has been developed. The protocol involves nucleophilic addition of o‐phenylenediamine to carbon disulfide to give 2‐mercaptobenzimidazole. After nucleophilic addition to the activated olefinic bond of a zwitterionic intermediate, which is generated by reaction of isocyanide with an electrophilic alkyne, subsequent cyclization gives benzimidazo[2,1‐b][1,3]thiazines with high atom economy. The ionic liquid was recovered and reused without any appreciable decrease in activity and product yield.
Evidence of mutual benefits of nest association among freshwater cyprinids and implications for conservation
Authors: Peoples Brandon K. , Frimpong Emmanuel A. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT

Although nest association among Nocomis chubs and other minnows (Cyprinidae) is common throughout North America, the overall outcome of this relationship and its mechanisms of costs and benefits remain unclear. Because imperilment of stream fishes is affected by reproductive traits, the implications of this widespread interaction must be understood.
Nest association mechanisms were explored using a multiple working hypotheses framework on fish assemblage data from 25 reaches in three tributaries of the New River, Virginia, USA. Multiple linear regression models predicting reproductive success (age‐0 abundance) of chubs and associates were compared based on model weights (wi) calculated from Akaike's Information Criterion, adjusted for small sample size (AICc), and relative change in AICc among models. For age‐0 chubs, models represented hypotheses emphasizing the additive effects of adult abundance, nest abundance, and egg dilution by juvenile associates (causing decreased egg predation). For age‐0 associates, models represented hypotheses emphasizing adult associate abundance, gravel substrate availability, nest abundance, parental care (as nest defence) from chubs, and egg dilution by chubs.
Model evidence suggests that chubs can sustain themselves (w = 0.61), but their reproductive success is enhanced by a dilution effect from juvenile strong associates (w = 0.37). Strong associate reproductive success was best described by variables emphasizing nest association interactions (w = 0.46) and natural sources of habitat variability (w = 0.45), whereas that of weak associates was more closely related to availability of unmodified habitat (w = 0.50).
Chubs and associates appear to receive a net benefit from the association, suggesting a mutualistic relationship. Community‐wide conservation strategies may be useful for protecting symbiotic spawning fishes. In addition to competition and predation, conservation practitioners should consider positive interactions in conservation plans of imperiled mutualists. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.