bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Vibration on Blood Flow in Skeletal Muscle in the Rabbit
Authors: Hudlická O. , Wright A. 
Published: August 2015

1. The blood flow in rabbit gastrocnemius, as measured by photoelectric drop-counter, increased when the muscle was vibrated at frequencies of 22–62 Hz.
2. Blood flow increased rapidly within 1–2 s of the start of vibration, and lasted for the whole time vibration was applied.
3. The increase in blood flow was negatively correlated with the initial blood flow, being greater with lower flows.
4. The magnitude of increase was similar in both innervated and acutely denervated muscles.
5. The arterial blood pressure did not change apart from a very brief fall at the beginning of vibration. Venous pressure rose and, consequently, the perfusion pressure was lower. The increase in blood flow thus indicates a considerable dilatation in the resistance vessels of skeletal muscle.
Small-Intestinal Changes Induced by an Elemental Diet (Vivonex) in Normal Rats
Authors: Nelson L. M. , Carmichael H. A. , Russell R. I. , Lee F. D. 
Published: August 2015

1. Rats were fed with the elemental diet Vivonex for 1 or 3 months and their jejunal histology was compared with that of an equal number of rats fed on a normal diet.
2. After 1 month of Vivonex feeding a significant reduction in the ratio of crypt height: villus height (CH: VH) was found in the Vivonex-fed rats (n = 4) compared with the control rats (n = 4) (P < 0.05).
3. After 3 months the CH:VH ratio was also reduced in the Vivonex-fed rats (n = 18) compared with control rats (n = 18) (P < 0.002). Villus height was significantly increased (P < 0.002) and crypt height decreased (P < 0.05).
4. Jejunal protein content, alkaline phosphatase and disaccharidase activity were also determined in 12 control and 12 Vivonex-fed rats from the 3 months study.
5. Alkaline phosphatase activity was increased from a control value of 201 ± 8 to 243 ± 15 munits/cm in the Vivonex-fed rats (n = 12) (P < 0.05) but no significant changes in lactase, sucrase or maltase activities were found.
6. The observed decrease in the CH:VH ratio suggested an improved survival of the mature enterocyte population during elemental diet feeding.
Circulating Catecholamines and Systolic Time Intervals in Labile and Sustained Hypertension
Authors: Cousineau D. , de Champlain J. , Lapointe L. 
Published: August 2015

1. Average supine circulating total catecholamine concentrations were found to be higher than the normal range in about 50% of patients with labile hypertension and in about 30% of patients with sustained essential hypertension.
2. These higher resting concentrations were mainly due to an increase in adrenaline in labile hypertension and to an increase in noradrenaline in sustained hypertension.
3. Patients with elevated catecholamine concentrations were also characterized by a higher heart rate, by an increased myocardial contractility and by greater hypotensive response after treatment with β-adrenoreceptor blocking agents.
4. These studies suggest the existence of subgroups of hypertensive patients with increased sympathetic tone.
Plasma Noradrenaline Concentrations and Haemodynamics in the Early Stage of Essential Hypertension
Authors: Miura Y. , Kobayashi K. , Sakuma H. , Tomioka H. , Adachi M. , Yoshinaga K. 
Published: August 2015

1. Plasma noradrenaline concentrations and haemodynamic status were simultaneously studied in young patients with uncomplicated essential hypertension and in age-matched normal controls.
2. Resting plasma noradrenaline in the controls tended to increase slightly, but progressively, with age. The hypertensive subjects had significantly higher plasma noradrenaline concentrations than those in the controls, but these values did not show any age-related variation. The response of plasma noradrenaline to the standing position tended to increase with age in the controls, whereas plasma noradrenaline in the hypertensive subjects showed a wide range of responses without any fixed relationship with age.
3. The cardiac index was significantly greater in the labile hypertensive subjects than in the controls, whereas total peripheral resistance was significantly greater in the sustained hypertensive subjects than in the labile patients and in the controls. Mean arterial pressure in these patients was closely related with the values of total peripheral resistance rather than with the cardiac index.
4. Of the patients with raised plasma noradrenaline 80% showed significantly increased values of either total peripheral resistance or cardiac index. Plasma noradrenaline was correlated significantly to total peripheral resistance, and marginally to mean arterial pressure.
5. These findings support the view that sympathetic nervous overactivity is an important factor underlying the haemodynamic findings in these patients.
Free and Conjugated Catecholamines in Human Hypertension
Authors: Kuchel O. , Buu N. T. , Unger TH. , Genest J. 
Published: August 2015

1. Noradrenaline and adrenaline in the adrenal vein of essential hypertensive patients are almost exclusively (99%) unconjugated or free. However only 17% of dopamine is free, the rest is conjugated. The further the site of sampling from the adrenal vein the closer come the free catecholamines to their normal peripheral venous proportion (noradrenaline + adrenaline 20%, dopamine less than 1% of total catecholamines). Deviations from these patterns help to detect the site and type of secretion of phaeochromocytoma.
2. Essential hypertensive patients have, compared with control subjects, higher conjugated plasma dopamine, less urinary free and conjugated dopamine with blunted urinary free dopamine and sodium responsiveness to frusemide. Conjugated noradrenaline + adrenaline, mean arterial pressure and age are positively interrelated.
3. Patients with primary aldosteronism have elevated plasma and urinary total dopamine. After removal of the adenoma urinary dopamine excretion decreases to normal.
4. Elevated conjugated dopamine appears to reflect a compensatory activation of the dopaminergic vasodilator pathway in hypertension, the total urinary dopamine excretion an intrinsic deficiency or compensatory increase of a dopamine-modulated natriuretic mechanism.
Relation of Plasma Noradrenaline to Blood Pressure, Age, Sex and Sodium Balance in Patients with Stable Essential Hypertension and in Normotensive Subjects
Authors: Brecht H. M. , Schoeppe W. 
Published: August 2015

1. Plasma noradrenaline was measured in 125 patients with stable essential hypertension (WHO I—II) and in 107 normotensive control subjects lying and standing.
2. In normotensive subjects and in patients with essential hypertension no sex-related differences of plasma noradrenaline were found between age-matched groups.
3. Plasma noradrenaline was not related to sodium balance indexed by urinary sodium/creatinine ratio.
4. In patients with essential hypertension plasma noradrenaline increases with age.
5. Mean plasma noradrenaline concentrations are significantly higher in patients with essential hypertension compared with age-matched normotensive subjects both lying and standing.
6. In patients with essential hypertension diastolic blood pressure and heart rate correlated significantly with supine plasma noradrenaline concentrations.
Enhanced Hypothalamic Noradrenaline Biosynthesis in Goldblatt I Renovascular Hypertension
Authors: Dequattro Vincent , Eide Ivar , Myers Mark R. , Eide Kari , Kolloch Rainer , Whigham Howard 
Published: August 2015

1. Hypertension was induced in rats by renal artery clip with the contralateral kidney removed (Goldblatt I) or left intact (Goldblatt II).
2. Plasma noradrenaline was increased 62% in the Goldblatt I animals after 3 weeks.
3. Hypothalamic tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine β-hydroxylase activities, and the concentration of noradrenaline were increased in the Goldblatt I animals after 3 weeks.
4. Enhanced hypothalamic noradrenaline synthesis may be a pathogenic factor in Goldblatt I renovascular hypertension.
A Renal Carcinoma Secreting Inactive Renin
Authors: Leckie Brenda , Brown J. J. , Fraser R. , Kyle K. , Lever A. F. , Morton J. J. , Robertson J. I. S. 
Published: August 2015

1. A patient presented with mild hypertension, a raised plasma total renin concentration but a normal plasma angiotensin II concentration. The discrepancy was due to a high concentration of inactive renin in the plasma.
2. A renal carcinoma was detected and removed. The tumour contained a higher proportion of inactive renin than was found in uninvolved areas of the kidney. After unilateral nephrectomy, the plasma concentration of inactive renin fell to normal.
3. Six months later, plasma inactive renin concentration again increased and a metastasis was detected in a rib. Excision of the rib together with radiotherapy resulted in a fall in plasma inactive renin to normal.
4. The inactive renin in plasma and tumour extracts was activated to the same extent by acid treatment and by trypsin.
The Effects of Calcium and Calcium-Ionophores (X 537 a and a 23187) on Renin Release in the Isolated Perfused Rat Kidney
Authors: Schwertschlag U. , Hackenthal E. , Hackenthal R. , Rohs G. H. 
Published: August 2015

1. Calcium depletion from the medium of the isolated perfused kidney reduced renin release and renal perfusate flow.
2. Reintroduction of calcium increased renin release and perfusate flow.
3. The ionophore X 537 A (0·1–4 μmol/l) increased renin release both in the presence and absence of calcium in the medium.
4. The ionophore A 23187 (1–10 nmol/l) increased as well as decreased renin release. There was a positive correlation between direction of this effect and renal perfusate flow.
5. The results are compatible with the view that the effects of calcium and ionophores on renin release are the sum of direct and indirect effects of these agents, the predominant indirect effect being the modification of vascular tone.
Soluble Pep Statins: A New Approach to Blockade in Vivo of the Renin–Angiotensin System
Authors: Evin G. , Gardes J. , Kreft C. , Castro B. , Corvol P. , Menard J. 
Published: August 2015

1. Synthesis of several pepstatin A derivatives was performed with the aim of increasing water solubility without altering the capacity to inhibit the renin—angiotensinogen reaction.
2. Pepstatinyl-arginine-O-methyl ester was studied in vitro and in vivo and compared with pepstatin A and with the arginine salt of pepstatin A.
3. This compound inhibited in vitro the reaction between purified hog renin and the synthetic renin N-acetyl-tetradecapeptide or the natural rat renin substrate. The inhibitory constant was of the same order of magnitude as that of pepstatin A.
4. In renal hypertensive rats, the bolus injection of pepstatinyl-arginine-O-methyl-ester or of the arginine salt of pepstatin decreased blood pressure to the same extent as a bolus injection of Sar1, Ala8-angiotensin II.
Tonin–Angiotensin II System in Hypertension
Authors: Boucher R. , Garcia R. , Gutkowska J. , Demassieux S. , Genest J. 
Published: August 2015

1. A single intravenous administration of rabbit tonin antiserum into one-kidney one-clip hypertensive rats restored blood pressure to normal in seven out of ten animals. There was little change in blood pressure in two-kidney one-clip hypertensive, uninephrectomized or sham-operated rats.
2. Infusion of tonin in control rats did not modify arterial blood pressure. However, in indomethacin salt-treated rats a marked increase in arterial blood pressure was observed under tonin infusion.
3. Plasma tonin activity was significantly increased in human essential and renovascular hypertension.
4. These findings strongly suggest that tonin is important in the maintenance of high blood pressure. However, other factors (possibly prostaglandins and sodium) have to be modified in order to activate the tonin—angiotensin II system.
An Altered Relation between Arterial Pressure and Plasma Angiotensin II Concentration Resulting from Prolonged Infusion of Angiotensin II
Authors: Bean B. L. , Brown J. J. , Casals-Stenzel J. , Fraser R. , Lever A. F. , Morton J. J. , Petch B. , Riegger A. J. G. , Robertson J. I. S. , Tree M. 
Published: August 2015

1. Infusion of angiotensin II into dogs at constant dose over 2 weeks caused a progressive rise in arterial pressure.
2. When the infusion was stopped the pressure dropped slowly from hypertensive levels over 48 h.
3. Dose—response studies at weekly intervals showed progressive elevation, without steepening, of the plasma angiotensin II—blood pressure curve.
4. Thus, during prolonged administration of angiotensin II, a given plasma concentration of the peptide can sustain a higher arterial pressure than it can during acute infusions.
Neuronal and Vascular Reactivity in Isolated Perfused Kidneys during the Development of Spontaneous Hypertension
Authors: Collis Michael G. , Vanhoutte Paul M. 
Published: August 2015

1. Vascular reactivity was studied in Tyrode solution perfused kidneys from young (7 weeks) and mature (4–6 months) spontaneously hypertensive rats (SH rats).
2. The response to nerve stimulation was greater in the kidneys from young SH rats than in those from young control rats, both in control solution and after inhibition of the disposition of noradrenaline; both groups exhibited the same sensitivity to noradrenaline, angiotensin II and barium chloride.
3. The response to nerve stimulation was normal in kidneys from mature SH rats, but responses to noradrenaline, angiotensin II and barium chloride were greater than the control.
4. Cocaine potentiated the response to nerve stimulation more in the kidneys from mature SH rats than in those from the control rats.
5. The results suggest that renal sympathetic nerves release more noradrenaline than normal in the young SH rats, which could be an important factor in causing hypertension.
6. In the established phase of spontaneous hypertension the vascular reactivity to exogenous agonists is increased, probably as a consequence of high blood pressure; the more efficient neuronal uptake causes normalization of the response to sympathetic nerve stimulation.
Role of Vasopressin in Blood Pressure Control of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats
Authors: Möhring Jan , Kintz Jacqueline , Schoun Josiane 
Published: August 2015

1. The role of arginine—vasopressin (AVP) and of angiotensin in blood pressure control of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SH rats, stroke-prone strain) was studied.
2. In SH rats, which drank water or 1% NaCl, plasma AVP concentrations were elevated during the benign course of hypertension and increased further when the animals entered the malignant phase. Blood pressure correlated significantly with plasma AVP concentrations in SH rats on water, but not in SH rats on saline.
3. The injection of a specific AVP antiserum lowered blood pressure significantly in SH rats on water and in SH rats on saline.
4. When the correlation between blood pressure and plasma AVP of SH rats on water was compared with the respective correlation obtained during infusion of AVP into normotensive rats, a marked shift to the left became apparent, the factor of displacement amounting to more than 1000.
5. Saralasin did not affect blood pressure of SH rats on water, except for two rats with malignant hypertension. However, in SH rats on saline, saralasin lowered blood pressure significantly.
6. It is concluded that in SH rats AVP plays an important vasopressor role in blood pressure control and that sensitization to the vasopressor effect of AVP occurs in these animals. The renin—angiotensin system is significantly involved in blood pressure control of SH rats only when they are subjected to high salt intake.
Effects of Labetalol on Systemic and Pulmonary Haemodynamics at Rest and during Exercise in Hypertensive Patients
Authors: Fagard R. , Amery A. , Reybrouck T. , Lijnen P. , Billiet L. 
Published: August 2015

1. Labetalol was administered to 18 hypertensive patients for an average duration of 2·44 weeks, with an average final daily dose of 1·65 g.
2. Labetalol decreased resting heart rate by 16% and maximal exercise heart rate by 21%; the phenylephrine-induced rise of systolic brachial artery pressure was reduced by 36%.
3. During labetalol brachial artery pressure was lowered by 29/15 mmHg in the recumbent position, by 41/23 mmHg at rest sitting, and by 53/23 mmHg at maximal exercise; total peripheral resistance was not significantly affected at rest recumbent, but was reduced at sitting and at exercise; cardiac output decreased in all conditions.
4. Labetalol reduced mean pulmonary artery and capillary wedge pressures only in the sitting position. Pulmonary vascular resistance remained unchanged.
5. The drug produced significant decreases of plasma renin activity and of plasma aldosterone concentration.
Labetalol in Hypertensive Patients with Angina Pectoris: Beneficial Effect of Combined α- and β-Adrenoreceptor Blockade
Authors: Lubbe W. F. , White D. A. 
Published: August 2015

1. Eight hypertensive patients with angina pectoris had placebo added to their existing medications for 8 weeks, then incremental doses of active labetalol with simultaneous stepwise reduction in other medicines until blood pressure was satisfactorily controlled; after that only labetalol and thiazide (8 weeks) and finally labetalol-placebo together with previous β-adrenoreceptor antagonists and thiazide for 4 weeks were administered.
2. During the labetalol plus thiazide period resting blood pressures and measurements obtained during isotonic exercise, isometric exercise and the cold pressor test were significantly lower than during the initial placebo addition period. Angina scores were significantly reduced during this period.
3. During the final treatment with placebo, β-adrenoreceptor antagonist and thiazide, blood pressures remained reduced, but angina was significantly worse.
4. Labetalol which antagonizes both α- and β-adrenoreceptors produced better relief of angina pectoris than β-adrenoreceptor antagonists during improvement in blood pressure in hypertensive patients.
Effect of Selective and Non-Selective β-Adrenoreceptor Blockade on Calf Blood Flow in Hypertensive Patients
Authors: Clement D. L. 
Published: August 2015

1. Dose—response curves of isoprenaline were constructed in nine hypertensive patients before and after either propranolol or metoprolol.
2. The decrease of diastolic blood pressure and increase of heart rate with isoprenaline were significantly more inhibited by propranolol than by metoprolol.
3. The increase in calf blood flow with isoprenaline was significantly more depressed after propranolol than after metoprolol.
4. The results suggest that the response of the vessels in the limbs to sympathetic stimulation is much less affected after metoprolol than after propranolol.
Benzothiadazine Diuretics and Death from Myocardial Infarction in Hypertension
Authors: Jones J. V. , Dunn F. G. , Fife R. , Lorimer A. R. , Kellett R. G. 
Published: August 2015

1. Case records were examined of 66 patients who died while being treated for high blood pressure.
2. The possibility that benzothiadazine diuretics may have some deleterious as well as beneficial effects was investigated.
3. It is possible that the thiazides may have some adverse clinical effects, at least in females, with regard to the incidence of myocardial infarction in hypertensive patients.
The Role of Nurse Practitioners in Hypertension Care
Authors: Soghikian Krikor 
Published: August 2015

1. Two groups of hypertensive patients, randomly assigned to either physician or nurse practitioner care, were compared, after two years of follow up, with respect to diastolic blood pressure reduction and utilization and costs of medical services. In addition, satisfaction with hypertension care was evaluated.
2. There was no statistical difference in mean diastolic blood pressure reduction between the physician and nurse practitioner groups.
3. Patients in the nurse practitioner group made more visits for hypertension care than those in the physician group; thus, even though the cost per nurse practitioner visit was lower than the cost per physician visit, the total annual cost of care per patient was higher in the nurse practitioner group.
4. Patients followed by nurse practitioners were very satisfied with their care.
5. Nurse practitioners provide excellent hypertension care and thereby save valuable physician time.
Improvement in Foetal Growth with Treatment of Maternal Hypertension in Pregnancy
Authors: Gallery E. D. M. , Saunders D. M. , Hunyor S. N. , Györy A. Z. 
Published: August 2015

1. A highly significant inverse relationship was found between blood pressure in untreated hypertensive subjects in late pregnancy and birth weight.
2. Reversal of this intrauterine growth retardation was achieved in 19 patients by treatment of hypertension with oxprenolol.
3. No adverse effects from oxprenolol were found in the patients or in their babies.
Biochemical Correlates of the Increase in Blood Pressure with Age
Authors: Grim C. E. , Weinberger M. H. , Henry D. P. , Luft F. C. , Fineberg N. S. 
Published: August 2015

1. Blood pressure, plasma renin activity, plasma aldosterone, urinary noradrenaline during sleep (UNA-S) and several estimates of sodium intake were determined in 379 normotensive subjects (age 13–70) to investigate the relationship of these variables to blood pressure.
2. Blood pressure was correlated with age, weight, plasma renin activity UNA-S, and estimates of sodium intake. These variables were frequently intercorrelated.
3. Multiple-correlation analysis revealed that after removal of the effects of age, blood pressure was related to weight, plasma renin activity, UNA-S and estimates of sodium intake.
4. However, multiple-regression analysis failed to demonstrate an effect of plasma renin activity, UNA-S, or estimates of sodium intake on blood pressure when the effects of age, weight, race and sex were removed.
5. Careful matching of subjects by age, weight, race and sex in studies of blood pressure and biochemical factors in normal subjects is crucial to proper interpretation of such data.
The Effect of Mental Arithmetic on Blood Pressure Variability and Baroreflex Sensitivity in Man
Authors: Sleight P. , Fox P. , Lopez R. , Brooks D. E. 
Published: August 2015

1. Baroreflex sensitivity was tested in three normal, three borderline and one hypertensive subject before and during mental arithmetic, the prolongation of pulse interval caused by a provoked rise in blood pressure being used as a measure of baroreflex sensitivity.
2. Baroreflex sensitivity was significantly decreased during mental arithmetic.
3. During mental arithmetic the arterial pressure fluctuated markedly.
4. These findings suggest that in man, as well as animals, the defence of alerting reaction depresses baroreflex control and thus contributes to the rise in blood pressure seen at this time.
Time-dependent Changes in Prostaglandin Excretion in Response to Frusemide in Man
Authors: Scherer B. , Weber P. C. 
Published: August 2015

1. To evaluate in man by a non-invasive technique the possible role of prostaglandin (PG) compounds in initial renal haemodynamic effects after frusemide we studied the urinary excretion of PGE2 and of PGF2α before and at 15 min and 120 min after intravenous injection of this drug.
2. An increase of PGE2 and of PGF2α excretion was found in all 19 volunteer subjects within 15 min after frusemide, and PG excretion had returned towards control values at 120 min. The stimulation of PGF2α excretion by frusemide was markedly lower in men than in women, but this difference was statistically not significant.
3. No clear-cut relation was found between urinary PG compounds, on the one hand, and urinary volume, urinary sodium and urinary potassium, on the other hand, during the study.
4. The results support the assumption that the rapid increase of urinary PG compounds after frusemide, which parallels the changes in renal haemodynamics, may be an indicator of an activation of the PG system, in part or predominantly, in the vascular compartment.