bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Heat Waves on Transport Volumes in an Urban Emergency Medical Services System: A Retrospective Review
Authors: Kue Ricky C. , Dyer K. Sophia 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIntroductionHeat waves pose a serious public health risk to particular patient populations, especially in urban areas. Emergency Medical Services (EMS) in many urban areas constitute the first line of regional preparation and response to major heat wave events; however, little is known on heat wave operational impact to the EMS system, such as call volume or demand.ObjectiveTo examine the effect of heat wave periods on overall urban EMS system call volume and transport volume as well as the nature of the call types.MethodsRetrospective review of all emergency medical calls to an urban, two-tiered EMS system performed over a 5-year period from 2006–2010. Heat wave days (HWD) defined as two or more consecutive days of hot weather >32.2°C (90°F) were compared with similar non-heat wave days (nHWD) of the previous year to also include two calendar days prior to and after the heat wave. National Weather Service (NWS) temperature data, daily EMS call volume data, and call type codes were collected and underwent descriptive analysis.ResultsThirty-one HWD were identified and compared with 93 nHWD. The mean maximum temperature for HWD was 34°C (93.2°F) compared with 25.3°C (77.6°F) for nHWD (P< .001). Average daily medical emergency calls (318.4 vs 296.3,P< .001) and actual patients transported per day (247.5 vs 198.3,P< .001) were significantly higher during HWD. There was no difference in daily medical emergency call volume or EMS transports between weekdays or weekend days. No significant differences on various call types were observed between HWD and nHWD except for “heat” related calls (7.7 vs 0.5,P< .001).ConclusionEmergency Medical Services call volumes were significantly increased during heat waves, however there was minimal change in the types of calls received.KueRC,DyerKS.The impact of heat waves on transport volumes in an urban Emergency Medical Services system: a retrospective review.Prehosp Disaster Med.2013;28(6):1-6.
Market integration and natural resource use in developing countries: a linked agrarian-resource economy in Northern Honduras
Authors: Manning Dale T. , Taylor J. Edward , Wilen James E. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractMost resource management studies model the resource in isolation from the rest of the economy of which it is part. In many developing economies, agents participate in multiple activities, creating linkages between resource exploitation and other sectors (e.g., agriculture). In Northern Honduran fishing communities, households allocate effort to fishing according to the opportunity cost of their time, which depends on returns in other activities. We develop a model that demonstrates how market structure impacts fishery exploitation. Agricultural price increases have an ambiguous effect on labor allocated to fishing because they reduce the value of labor in fishing but increase the demand for fish via an income effect. The size and magnitude of impacts depend strongly on the tradability of inputs and outputs in the community economy. The findings point to a need to account for economic linkages and market structure when designing policies to reduce pressure on a natural resource.
Endogenous longevity and the joint dynamics of pollution and capital accumulation
Authors: Varvarigos Dimitrios 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe current paper offers a new explanation of the emergence of multiple equilibria, for which the high (low) income equilibrium is associated with high (low) environmental quality. This new explanation rests on endogenous technological choice in the presence of emission taxes – an idea whose foundations find strong support from existing empirical evidence. Thus, the interactions between environmental policy and technology choice, within a framework that accounts for the health effects of pollution, may suggest a possible mechanism behind some of the observed differences in income, life expectancy and environmental quality among countries.
Does it pay to delay social security?
Authors: SHOVEN JOHN B. , SLAVOV SITA NATARAJ 
Published: October 2013

AbstractSocial Security benefits may be commenced at any time between ages 62 and 70. As individuals who claim later can, on average, expect to receive benefits for a shorter period, an actuarial adjustment is made to the monthly benefit to reflect the age at which benefits are claimed. We investigate the actuarial fairness of that adjustment in light of recent improvements in mortality and historically low interest rates. We show that delaying is actuarially advantageous for a large number of people, even for individuals with mortality rates that are twice the average. At real interest rates closer to their historical average, singles with mortality that is substantially greater than average do not benefit from delay, although primary earners with high mortality can still improve the present value of the household's benefits through delay. We also investigate the extent to which the actuarial advantage of delay has grown since the early 1960s, when the choice of when to claim first became available, and we decompose this growth into three effects: (1) the effect of changes in Social Security's rules, (2) the effect of changes in the real interest rate, and (3) the effect of changes in life expectancy. Finally, we quantify the extent to which the gains from delay can be expected to increase in the future as a result of mortality improvements.
Sequestration of Martian CO2 by mineral carbonation
Authors: Tomkinson Tim , Lee Martin R. , Mark Darren F. , Smith Caroline L. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractCarbonation is the water-mediated replacement of silicate minerals, such as olivine, by carbonate, and is commonplace in the Earth’s crust. This reaction can remove significant quantities of CO2 from the atmosphere and store it over geological timescales. Here we present the first direct evidence for CO2 sequestration and storage on Mars by mineral carbonation. Electron beam imaging and analysis show that olivine and a plagioclase feldspar-rich mesostasis in the Lafayette meteorite have been replaced by carbonate. The susceptibility of olivine to replacement was enhanced by the presence of smectite veins along which CO2-rich fluids gained access to grain interiors. Lafayette was partially carbonated during the Amazonian, when liquid water was available intermittently and atmospheric CO2 concentrations were close to their present-day values. Earlier in Mars’ history, when the planet had a much thicker atmosphere and an active hydrosphere, carbonation is likely to have been an effective mechanism for sequestration of CO2.
Characterization of the magnesium chelatase from Thermosynechococcus elongatus
Authors: Adams Nathan B. P. , Marklew Christopher J. , Brindley Amanda A. , Hunter C. Neil , Reid James D. 
Published: October 2013

The first committed step in chlorophyll biosynthesis is catalysed by magnesium chelatase (E.C. 6.6.1.1), which uses the free energy of ATP hydrolysis to insert an Mg2+ ion into the ring of protoporphyrin IX. We have characterized magnesium chelatase from the thermophilic cyanobacterium Thermosynechococcus elongatus. This chelatase is thermostable, with subunit melting temperatures between 55 and 63°C and optimal activity at 50°C. The T. elongatus chelatase (kcat of 0.16 μM/min) shows a Michaelis–Menten-type response to both Mg2+ (Km of 2.3 mM) and MgATP2− (Km of 0.8 mM). The response to porphyrin is more complex; porphyrin inhibits at high concentrations of ChlH, but when the concentration of ChlH is comparable with the other two subunits the response is of a Michaelis–Menten type (at 0.4 μM ChlH, Km is 0.2 μM). Hybrid magnesium chelatases containing a mixture of subunits from the mesophilic Synechocystis and Thermosynechococcus enzymes are active. We generated all six possible hybrid magnesium chelatases; the hybrid chelatase containing Thermosynechococcus ChlD and Synechocystis ChlI and ChlH is not co-operative towards Mg2+, in contrast with the Synechocystis magnesium chelatase. This loss of co-operativity reveals the significant regulatory role of Synechocystis ChlD.
Early-life stress has persistent effects on amygdala function and development in mice and humans
Authors: Malter Cohen Matthew , Jing Deqiang , Yang Rui R. , Tottenham Nim , Lee Francis S. , Casey B. J. 
Published: October 2013

Significance
The current study provides evidence of early and persistent alterations in anxious behavior and amygdala function following the early-life stress of disorganized parental care. These changes in both brain and behavior are not diminished when the stressor is removed nor diminished with the development of prefrontal regulatory regions. The findings underscore the importance of early-life experiences on later development and highlight the need for early intervention for populations at-risk following early-life stressors.
Ferrous iron-dependent drug delivery enables controlled and selective release of therapeutic agents in vivo
Authors: Deu Edgar , Chen Ingrid T. , Lauterwasser Erica M. W. , Valderramos Juan , Li Hao , Edgington Laura E. , Renslo Adam R. , Bogyo Matthew 
Published: October 2013

Significance
Selective drug delivery to diseased tissue is a promising approach to mitigate drug-related side effects while improving efficacy. This concept has been demonstrated in the case of photodynamic therapy, where activation of cytotoxic drugs at the tumor site provides a clear advantage compared with traditional chemotherapy. Here, we exploit the aberrantly high levels of mobile ferrous iron produced during the blood stage of malaria to selectively deliver a drug species to the parasite. The result is improved on-target vs. off-target action of the drug species and greater drug tolerability and efficacy. This approach should be applicable to other disease states associated with aberrant levels of ferrous iron.
Recognition of synthetic glycopeptides by HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies and their unmutated ancestors
Authors: Alam S. Munir , Dennison S. Moses , Aussedat Baptiste , Vohra Yusuf , Park Peter K. , Fernández-Tejada Alberto , Stewart Shelley , Jaeger Frederick H. , Anasti Kara , Blinn Julie H. , Kepler Thomas B. , Bonsignori Mattia , Liao Hua-Xin , Sodroski Joseph G. , Danishefsky Samuel J. , Haynes Barton F. 
Published: October 2013

Significance
A current key goal of HIV-1 vaccine development is to learn how to induce antibodies that will neutralize many diverse HIV-1 strains. Current HIV-1 vaccines elicit strain-specific neutralizing antibodies, whereas broadly neutralizing antibodies (BnAbs) are not induced and only arise in select HIV-1 chronically infected individuals. One strategy for induction of favored antibody responses is to design and produce homogeneous immunogens with selective expression of BnAb but not dominant epitopes. In this study, we describe the binding properties of chemically synthesized variable loop 1/2 (V1V2) glycopeptides that bind both to mature HIV-1 envelope BnAbs and the receptors of their naïve B cells. These results demonstrate that such synthetic glycopeptides can be immunogens that selectively target BnAb naïve B cells.
The influence of fabric air permeability on the efficacy of ventilation features
Authors: Patrick Morrissey Matthew , Michel Rossi René 
Published: October 2013

Purpose
– The purpose of this investigation was to measure the changes in effective thermal insulation caused by three different types of outer garment ventilation features (chest zips, back zips and pit zips) when combined with either a high or low air permeability insulating layer.

Design/methodology/approach
– The measurements in this investigation were made with a thermal manikin and with a 26 zone thermal torso. Measurements were made at two air flow speeds with each manikin; the different air flow characteristics for each manikin allowed investigation of how ventilation features interact with different air flow distributions.

Findings
– It was established in this study that high permeability insulation increases the efficacy of ventilation features by an average of 7 per cent at the low wind speed and 10 per cent at the high wind speed. No particular ventilation feature was found to be consistently the most effective; the data suggest that garment openings should simply be located in well-ventilated areas.

Originality/value
– This investigation analysed the ventilation characteristics of protective clothing ensembles with different ventilation features, allowing designers to create more comfortable clothing for work and leisure activities.
Considering business start-up in recession time
Authors: Nabi Ghulam , Liñán Francisco 
Published: October 2013

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine under-researched psychological and environmental factors related to entrepreneurial motivation and intention. This helps us to explore the links between risk perception (risk as opportunity and risk as threat), economic context (in a recession), entrepreneurial motivation (personal attitudes and perceived behavioral control) and intention for new venture creation.

Design/methodology/approach
– A sample of 619 individuals from two European countries, Spain and Great Britain, is studied. A range of control variables have been considered, including demographics, human/social capital and country effects. Structural equation modeling is used to analyze the relationships among the model constructs.

Findings
– The structural model broadly holds and adequately fits the data. Entrepreneurial risk perception is strongly linked with entrepreneurial motivation. Entrepreneurial motivation, in turn, is strongly linked with entrepreneurial intention. It suggests, therefore, an indirect effect of risk perception on intentions. Economic context is also linked with risk perception and entrepreneurial intentions.

Research limitations/implications
– Results from this exploratory study suggest a role of risk perception in establishing the entrepreneurial intention of individuals. Therefore, greater attention should be paid to this element in entrepreneurship education programs. Similarly, perceptions about the economic (recessionary) environment and its relationship with risk perception also have to be taken into account, with the purpose of letting students understand the possibilities that are present in a recessionary situation.

Originality/value
– This is the first time that perceptions about risk and the economic context are tested within the theory of planned behavior.
An introduction to structural equation modelling for emergency services and disaster research
Authors: Cruddas Sarah 
Published: October 2013

Purpose
– Structural equation modelling (SEM) is becoming a popular technique for analysis and is increasingly being used within emergency services and disaster research. The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief overview of SEM to familiarise emergency service and disaster researchers with the technique.

Design/methodology/approach
– Following a general overview of SEM, including its advantages in relation to other techniques and details of how it should be conducted, current issues surrounding model fit will be discussed.

Findings
– SEM is a highly flexible tool, which has many advantages over other techniques. It has become a much more accessible method of analysis in recent years due to software advancements, providing the potential to produce high-quality research when applied correctly.

Originality/value
– To date SEM has already revealed findings of importance within this field, however, the production of valid and reliable research is dependent upon its correct application. It is hoped that this overview will encourage the use of SEM within emergency service and disaster research in order to provide new insights and enhance public safety and resilience.
Anxiety, stress, and perceived workload during the command and control of computer-simulated fire service training environments
Authors: Michael Young Paul , St Clair Gibson Alan , Partington Elizabeth , Partington Sarah , Wetherell Mark 
Published: October 2013

Purpose
– Incidents requiring command and control require all personnel from firefighters (FFs) to the incident commander (IC) to make continuous decisions often with limited information and under acute time-pressure. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to explore the stress reactivity of specific roles during the command and control of an immersive, computer-based incident.

Design/methodology/approach
– Experienced firefighting personnel undergoing incident command training participated in this study. Participants completed measures of state anxiety and stress immediately before and after taking part in a computer-based simulation of a large-scale incident run in real time. During the simulation personnel assumed one of four roles: IC, sector commander, entry control officer (ECO), and command support officer. Following the simulation personnel then completed measures of perceived workload.

Findings
– No significant changes in state anxiety were observed, but levels of stress and perceived workload were related to task roles. Specifically, ICs reported the greatest levels of mental and temporal demands and stress when compared with ECOs.

Research limitations/implications
– Limitations include the lack of environmental factors (such as rain, darkness, and noise), a relatively small sample size, and the use of self-reported questionnaires.

Practical implications
– The application of immersive training environments as a method of developing FFs experience of incident command roles and skills pertinent to high-acuity, low-frequency events.

Originality/value
– The paper represents one of the first attempts to identify the self-reported anxiety, stress, and perceived workload of specific role demands during the command and control of simulated incidents.
Choice of foreign licensees: information and communication technology firms
Authors: Kim YoungJun 
Published: October 2013

Purpose
– This paper aims to study the validity of potential factors that might affect US information and communication technology (ICT) holders' choice of foreign licensing partners.

Design/methodology/approach
– This study focuses on ICT industry. The sample firms for this study are drawn from the SDC by Thomson Financial and this sample was used to construct a data in which a unit of observation is the unique US licensor – foreign licensee pair, or a dyad. The hypotheses are tested using the random-effects logit model.

Findings
– The important explanatory factors relate to the knowledge appropriability and the level of economics freedom of a licensee's country, and familiarity between partners through prior licensing agreements. Market similarity between partners, however, appears to be an insignificant factor.

Practical implications
– The findings suggest that transaction cost, competition, and national absorb capacity considerations weigh in heavily in explaining firms' choice of foreign licensing partners.

Originality/value
– The paper makes an important contribution to licensing literature as the understanding of what drives partner choice is still sparse. Especially, the paper makes a uniqueness of dealing with international technology licensing.
Physical environment as a source for innovation: investigating the attributes of innovative space
Authors: Oksanen Kaisa , Ståhle Pirjo 
Published: October 2013

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate how physical spaces intersect with innovation and innovativeness, and what the most relevant attributes of physical space are for innovation.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper reflects the changing nature of innovation, from technological advancements to services and meaning changes, and argues that the development of innovative spaces similarly embodies a diverse set of values such as collaboration, openness, and sustainability. Using a literature review, interviews, and benchmarking data, the paper examines the relationship between physical environment and innovation.

Findings
– The findings from both the literature review and the interviews underline innovation as a communicative and human-centred process. As a result five attributes of innovative space are presented: collaboration enabling, modifiability, smartness, attractiveness, and value reflecting.

Originality/value
– The results provide perspectives to the challenge of how to support innovation creation by developing physical spaces. The paper adds to the conceptual development of innovative space and outlines physical space as an innovative service.
Deploying the ELECTRE III and MACBETH multicriteria ranking methods for SMEs tactical performance improvements
Authors: Clivillé Vincent , Berrah Lamia , Mauris Gilles 
Published: October 2013

Purpose
– Industrial companies are continuously looking to improve their business turn-over and choose improvement actions to achieve this objective. Legitimating this choice by only a strategic financial point of view currently has some limits, because additional ones such as quality, delay, resources needs have also to be taken into account. The multicriteria decision aid (MCDA) approaches have been developed to deal with problems such as ranking, sorting or quantification. The purpose of this paper is to describe the operational aspects in MCDA deployment through a case study submitted by the SME Fournier Company.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper concerns analytical overall performance models to allow the decision-makers (DMs) to select potential actions to launch regarding given decision criteria. The principles of the main MCDA approaches, outranking and aggregation, are presented. Then representative MCDA methods, ELECTREIII and MACBETH, are successively deployed to a tactical decision problem of business turn-over increase. From the building of their respective preference modelling, decision aid is provided in the form of preference relation or performance function.

Findings
– A formal framework supplying information to the industrial DMs in order to legitimate the action selection is described. In addition, the DMs feedback highlights the required expertise for the preference modelling.

Practical implications
– The article gives a guideline for industrial practitioners to carry out ELECTREIII and MACBETH for their improvement action selection.

Originality/value
– SMEs can find an adapted framework for their improvement actions choice dealing with financial and non-financial criteria. It is also enriched by practical considerations concerning the methods deployment for tactical decision problems.