bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tolerance to cocaine's effects following chronic administration of a dose without detected effects on response rate or pause
Authors: Minervini Vanessa , Branch Marc N. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractTo observe tolerance to drug effects on operant behavior, the dose that researchers have often selected for chronic administration is one that disrupts, but does not abolish, responding. Some evidence suggests that tolerance may develop after chronic administration of relatively smaller doses. The purpose of the present experiment was to assess systematically effects of chronic administration of a dose without detected effect on responding. Specifically, response rates and post‐reinforcement pauses of five pigeons key pecking under a three‐component multiple fixed‐ratio schedule of food reinforcement were observed under chronic cocaine administration. We evaluated the effects of a range of doses (1.0 mg/kg to 17.0 mg/kg) during acute administration. The largest dose that failed to alter responding acutely then was administered chronically (1.0 mg/kg for 1 pigeon, 3.0 mg/kg for 3 pigeons, and 5.6 mg/kg for 1 pigeon). After 30 consecutive sessions of chronic administration, smaller and larger doses occasionally were substituted for the chronic dose. Pigeons then received pre‐session saline administration for 30 consecutive sessions, and the post‐chronic effects of the series of doses on responding were determined. All subjects developed tolerance to doses of cocaine that initially had caused large decreases in rate, with the magnitude of the effects varying across components of the multiple schedule and subjects. Specifically, tolerance generally was greatest in the components with smaller ratios. Following post‐chronic saline administration, tolerance was usually diminished. Overall, the results demonstrate that under these conditions, repeated experience with disruptive effects of cocaine on food‐maintained responding is not a necessary factor in the development of tolerance.
Nanoimprinted distributed feedback lasers comprising TiO2 thin films: Design guidelines for high performance sensing
Authors: Vannahme Christoph , Leung Michael C. , Richter Frank , Smith Cameron L. C. , Hermannsson Pétur G. , Kristensen Anders 
Published: September 2013

AbstractDesign guidelines for optimizing the sensing performance of nanoimprinted second order distributed feedback dye lasers are presented. The guidelines are verified by experiments and simulations. The lasers, fabricated by UV‐nanoimprint lithography into Pyrromethene doped Ormocomp thin films on glass, have their sensor sensitivity enhanced by a factor of up to five via the evaporation of a titanium dioxide (TiO2) waveguiding layer. The influence of the TiO2 layer thickness on the device sensitivity is analyzed with a simple model that accurately predicts experimentally measured wavelength shifts induced by varied superstrate refractive indices. The superstrate refractive index is additionally shown to determine which of the possible waveguiding modes dominates for lasing, indicating a method to flexibly select the polarization of the laser. The detection limit of the sensor system is further discussed, finding an optimum at 7.5· 10−6 RIU. Wavelength changes caused by dye bleaching must be taken into account for long‐term measurements.
Nitrite impacts the survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in response to isoniazid and hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Cunningham‐Bussel Amy , Bange Franz C. , Nathan Carl F. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractWhen access to molecular oxygen is restricted, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) can respire an alternative electron acceptor, nitrate. We found that Mtb within infected primary human macrophages in vitro at physiologic tissue oxygen tensions respired nitrate, generating copious nitrite. A strain of Mtb lacking a functioning nitrate reductase was more susceptible than wild‐type Mtb to treatment with isoniazid during infection of macrophages. Likewise, nitrate reductase‐deficient Mtb was more susceptible to isoniazid than wild‐type Mtb in axenic culture, and more resistant to hydrogen peroxide. These phenotypes were reversed by the addition of exogenous nitrite. Further investigation suggested that nitrite might inhibit the bacterial catalase. To the extent that Mtb itself is the most relevant source of nitrite acting within Mtb, these findings suggest that inhibitors of Mtb's nitrate transporter or nitrate reductase could enhance the efficacy of isoniazid.
Subchronic Oral and Inhalation Toxicities: a Challenging Attempt for Modeling and Prediction
Authors: Dobchev Dimaitar A. , Tulp Indrek , Karelson Gunnar , Tamm Tarmo , Tämm Kaido , Karelson Mati 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe article deals with a challenging attempt to model and predict “difficult” properties as long‐term subchronic oral and inhalation toxicities (90 days) using nonlinear QSAR approach. This investigation is one of the first to tackle such multicomplex properties where we have employed nonlinear models based on artificial neural network for the prediction of NOAEL (no observable adverse effect level). Despite the complex nature of the NOAEL property based on in vivo rat experiments, the successful models can be used as alternative tools to non‐animal tests for the initial assessment of these chronic toxicities. The model for oral subchronic toxicity is able to describe 88 %, and the inhalation model 87 % of the statistical variance. For the sake of future predictions, we have also defined in a quantitative way the applicability domain of all neural network models.
Support Vector Machine (SVM) Models for Predicting Inhibitors of the 3′ Processing Step of HIV‐1 Integrase
Authors: Xuan Shouyi , Wang Maolin , Kang Hang , Kirchmair Johannes , Tan Lu , Yan Aixia 
Published: September 2013

AbstractInhibition of the 3′ processing step of HIV‐1 integrase by small molecule inhibitors is one of the most promising strategies for the treatment of AIDS. Using a support vector machine (SVM) approach, we developed six classification models for predicting 3′P inhibitors. The models are based on up to 48 selected molecular descriptors and a comprehensive data set of 1253 molecules, with measured activities ranging from nanomolar to micromolar IC50 values. Model B2, the most robust SVM model, obtains a prediction accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) of 93 %, 81 %, 94 % and 0.67 on the test set, respectively. The presence of hydrogen bonding features and hydrophilicity in general were identified as key determinants of inhibitory activity. Further important properties include molecular refractivity, π atom charge, total charge, lone pair electronegativity, and effective atom polarizability. Comparative fragment‐based analysis of the active and inactive molecules corroborated these observations and revealed several characteristic structural elements of 3′P inhibitors. The models built in this study can be obtained from the authors.
On a nonlinear wave equation with boundary damping
Authors: Lourêdo Aldo T. , Ferreira de Araújo M.A. , Milla Miranda M. 
Published: September 2013

This paper is concerned with the existence and decay of solutions of the mixed problem for the nonlinear wave equation
urn:x-wiley:1704214:media:mma2885:mma2885-math-0001
with boundary conditions
urn:x-wiley:1704214:media:mma2885:mma2885-math-0002Here, Ω is an open bounded set of with boundary Γ of class C2; Γ is constituted of two disjoint closed parts Γ0 and Γ1 both with positive measure; the functions μ(t), f(s), g(s) satisfy the conditions μ(t) ≥ μ0 > 0, f(s) ≥ 0, g(s) ≥ 0 for t ≥ 0, s ≥ 0 and h(x,s) is a real function where x ∈ Γ1, ν(x) is the unit outward normal vector at x ∈ Γ1 and α, β are non‐negative real constants.Assuming that h(x,s) is strongly monotone in s for each x ∈ Γ1, it is proved the global existence of solutions for the previous mixed problem. For that, it is used in the Galerkin method with a special basis, the compactness approach, the Strauss approximation for real functions and the trace theorem for nonsmooth functions. The exponential decay of the energy is derived by two methods: by using a Lyapunov functional and by Nakao's method. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Respiration impacts phase difference‐based field maps in echo planar imaging
Authors: Zeller Mario , Kraus Philip , Müller Alexander , Bley Thorsten A. , Köstler Herbert 
Published: September 2013

PurposeTo investigate the influence of respiration on field maps for geometric distortion correction derived from two rapidly acquired consecutive echo planar images.MethodsDisplacement maps of the brains of seven healthy volunteers were acquired under breath hold and free breathing for a 64 × 64 pixel image matrix using phase labeling for additional coordinate encoding (PLACE). The maps were transformed into undistorted gradient echo space and analyzed with regard to standard deviation and absolute deviation from an accurate reference field map derived from a multiecho reference scan.ResultsStandard deviations between PLACE field maps and absolute difference from the reference field map are a factor of about 3 higher under free breathing than under breath hold. The mean deviation decreases from 3 pixels in the slice closest to the lung to 1 pixel in the most superior slice under free breathing and from 1 to <0.5 pixels under breath hold.ConclusionMaps obtained under free breathing can significantly impact the field map and thus corrupt the geometric distortion correction. The effect can be greatly reduced by acquiring the field map data under breath hold. Data acquired under free breathing can be improved with retrospective phase correction or by averaging several field maps. Magn Reson Med 72:446–451, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Die Vermessung der Fachliteratur
Authors: Böhme Uwe , Tesch Silke 
Published: September 2013

AbstractDie Analyse und statistische Auswertung von Zitaten dient vielfach zur Evaluierung der Qualität von Veröffentlichungen, Zeitschriften, Wissenschaftlern, Instituten und Forschungseinrichtungen. Welche Indikatoren nutzt die Bibliometrie und welche Nachteile haben sie?
Proteinstabilität webbasiert analysieren
Authors: Krüger Dennis M. , Holger Gohlke  
Published: September 2013

AbstractDer CNA‐Webserver ist ein Online‐Service, der biologisch relevante Proteineigenschaften basierend auf Rigiditätsanalysen vorhersagt und visualisiert. Er erlaubt, Struktur und Flexibilität eines Proteins mit dessen (Thermo‐)Stabilität und Funktion zu verknüpfen.
Festkörper‐NMR‐Spektroskopie in der Koordinationschemie
Authors: Schöfberger Wolfgang 
Published: September 2013

AbstractHochauflösende Festkörper‐NMR‐Experimente liefern Informationen über Metallionen in Proteinen und in DNA‐Bausteinen, die Röntgenstrukturanalyse oder optische Spektroskopie nicht erfassen. Die Methoden tragen so dazu bei, die Funktion der Metallkerne in biologischen Systemen besser zu verstehen.
Oxandrolone for the treatment of bone marrow failure in Fanconi anemia
Authors: Rose Susan R. , Kim Mi‐Ok , Korbee Leslie , Wilson Kimberly A. , Douglas Ris M. , Eyal Ori , Sherafat‐Kazemzadeh Rosa , Bollepalli Sureka , Harris Richard , Jeng Michael R. , Williams David A. , Smith Franklin O. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractBackgroundA majority of Fanconi anemia (FA) patients will experience bone marrow failure (BMF) and androgen therapy (most often oxymetholone) may be utilized as a treatment to improve BMF‐related cytopenias. However, oxymetholone is associated with toxicities making identification of other agents of interest. In this study we aimed to evaluate the toxicity profile and hematologic response in patients with FA who are treated with low‐dose oxandrolone, a synthetic non‐fluorinated anabolic steroid, similar to oxymetholone, with known dosing thresholds for virilization.ProcedureA single arm, Phase I/II study was designed to treat patients on low‐dose oxandrolone. If no toxicity or hematologic response was noted at 16 weeks, a single dose escalation was offered. Subjects were regularly assessed for toxicity, including determinations of virilization, behavioral changes, and liver and kidney function. At 32 weeks, those who demonstrated hematologic response were allowed to continue study treatment, and those without improvement were deemed non‐responsive.ResultsNine subjects completed the study and were followed for a median of 99 weeks (46–136 weeks). Three (33.3%) subjects developed mild sub‐clinical virilization and continued treatment with a dose reduction. None (0%) had adverse behavioral changes. Two (22.2%) developed elevated liver function tests at 42 and 105 weeks. Seven (77.8%) subjects had a hematologic response.ConclusionOxandrolone appears to be well‐tolerated, has limited toxicities at the administered doses in FA with patients, and may be an alternative androgen for the treatment of BMF in FA. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:11–19. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Transcranial doppler and brain MRI in children with sickle cell disease and high hemoglobin F levels
Authors: Asbeutah Akram , Gupta Renu , Al‐Saeid Osama , Ashebu Sam , Al‐Sharida Sundus , Mullah‐Ali Ali , Mustafa Nada Yousef , Adekile Adekunle 
Published: September 2013

AbstractBackground/ObjectiveWhile overt stroke and silent brain infarcts (SBI) are uncommon among Kuwaiti patients with sickle cell disease (SCD), there have been no previous transcranial Doppler (TCD) studies in this population. The main objective of this study is to determine TCD velocities in a group of Kuwaiti children with SCD and correlate same with brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and angiography (MRA) findings.Materials and MethodsForty‐three steady‐state, pediatric patients with SCD aged 10.1 ± 3.9 years (21 SS, 19 Sβ0Thal, and 3 SD) were studied. Twenty‐six age‐matched, normal siblings of the patients served as controls. TCD was performed using a General Electric (GE), Vivid 3 equipment and MRI/MRA with a GE Signa Excite HD 1.5 Tesla magnet. Complete blood count was with an electronic counter and Hb quantitation with cation‐exchange high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).ResultsThe mean time‐averaged mean of the maximum velocity (TAMV) was significantly higher in the SCD group than the controls, but was normal (<170 cm/second) in all. The mean values were comparable among the SS and Sβ0thal groups. Five (11.1%) patients had SBI and all were between 12 and 16 years of age. There was no significant difference of TAMV in this group compared to those without infarcts. No patient showed evidence of stenosis or any other abnormalities in the circle of Willis vessels.ConclusionThe mild phenotype among Kuwaiti patients with SCD is reflected in normal TCD velocities and a low prevalence of SBI in children with the disease. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:25–28. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sustained remission of severe multicentric castleman disease following multiagent chemotherapy and tocilizumab maintenance
Authors: Turcotte Lucie M. , Correll Colleen K. , Reed Robyn C. , Moertel Christopher L. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractCastleman disease is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder, which presents in a unicentric or multicentric fashion. Multicentric Castleman disease (MCD) is associated with significant systemic symptoms, in part related to the underlying role of interleukin‐6 in disease pathogenesis. Treatment for MCD has not been well established and prognosis has historically been poor. We present a case of severe MCD in a pediatric patient who has shown sustained remission following multi‐agent chemotherapy and targeted maintenance therapy with the interleukin‐6 receptor inhibitor, tocilizumab. This represents the first case report of sustained remission of MCD in a pediatric patient following discontinuation of tocilizumab therapy. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:737–739. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Heat‐Induced Supramolecular Organogels Composed of α‐Cyclodextrin and “Jellyfish‐Like” β‐Cyclodextrin–Poly(ε‐caprolactone)
Authors: Li Ya‐Kun , Jiang Ming‐Wei , Wang Liang , Guo Cheng‐Gong , Xu Youqian , Wang Cai‐Qi 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTIn general, the complexation and gelation behavior between biocompatible poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) derivatives and α‐cyclodextrin (α‐CD) is extensively studied in water, but not in organic solvents. In this article, the complexation and gelation behavior between α‐CD and multi‐arm polymer β‐cyclodextrin‐PCL (β‐CD‐PCL) with a unique “jellyfish‐like” structure are thoroughly investigated in organic solvent N,N‐dimethylformamide and a new heat‐induced organogel is obtained. However, PCL linear polymers cannot form organogels under the same condition. The complexation is characterized by rheological measurements, DSC, XRD, and SEM. The SEM images reveal that the complexes between β‐CD‐PCL and α‐CD present a novel topological helix porous structure which is distinctly different from the lamellar structure formed by PCL linear polymers and α‐CD, suggesting the unique “jellyfish‐like” structure of β‐CD‐PCL is crucial for the formation of the organogels. This research may provide insight into constructing new supramolecular organogels and potential for designing new functional biomaterials. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2013, 51, 1598–1606
Nonlinear Optics and Excitation Kinetics in Semiconductors
Authors: Jahnke Frank 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe 11th Conference on Nonlinear Optics and Excitation Kinetics in Semiconductors (NOEKS) was held in Stuttgart, Germany from 23rd to 27th September 2012. This particular conference celebrated a minor anniversary – it was 25 years ago that the first NOEKS was held in Bad Stuer in the former East Germany.This conference has its own heritage and started out as a singular event in 1987. An astounding number of groups were carrying out experimental and theoretical research in the field of semiconductor optics on both sides of the border that split Germany, and Europe, at that time. On the one hand, there was this accumulation of remarkable expertise and, on the other, many scientists east and west of this dividing line had never actually met each other personally. This community was brought together by the NOEKS conference and complemented by leading scientists from the USA and Japan, who also came to Bad Stuer. Since then, the NOEKS has become a wellestablished event every two to three years, and many rewarding cooperations have emerged during these conferences.he research directions in semiconductor optics have changed fundamentally in the past 25 years. Nanomaterials, quantum optics, plasmonics, spintronics and metamaterials have become established fields within the semiconductor community. Many new groups have joined the field; some of them have hosted subsequent NOEKS conferences. It is thanks to the excellent work undertaken by the organizers of these later conferences that NOEKS has kept pace with the times and always provided an excellent overview of the state‐of‐the‐art in this research field. With this in mind, I would like to express my warm thanks to Peter Michler, Michael Jetter, Sven Ulrich and their team from Stuttgart as well as to the members of the Program Committee for the perfect organization of the 11th NOEKS conference.Among the 129 participants in Stuttgart, 78 came from Germany, 35 from other European countries, 13 from USA and Canada, and 3 from Japan. The program contained 16 invited and 27 contributed talks as well as 85 poster presentations. The conference was supported by 14 exhibitors and 3 sponsors.I am delighted to announce and also organize the next NOEKS conference, which will take place in Bremen from 22nd to 25th September 2014.Frank JahnkeInstitute for Theoretical PhysicsUniversity of Bremen
The effect of white‐tailed deer density on breeding songbirds in Delaware
Authors: Tymkiw Elizabeth L. , Bowman Jacob L. , Shriver W. Gregory 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTMost population goals for white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) are based solely on deer data, with little consideration for other parts of the ecosystem. A wider ecological approach is needed for more justifiable target deer densities. We investigated the use of birds as coarse‐scale indicators to determine an ecological carrying capacity for deer management by studying the relationship between the forest bird community and deer density in Delaware, USA. Using Breeding Bird Survey data from 2005 to 2009, targeted point‐count data from 2008 to 2009 and Division of Fish and Wildlife deer‐density data from the same time periods, we compared avian species richness and relative abundance with deer density. We divided deer densities into low (≤10 deer/km2), moderate (11–19 deer/km2), and high (≥20 deer/km2) categories. We placed birds into 6 deer‐sensitive guilds: interior forest obligates, ground nesters, shrub nesters, ground gleaners, low‐canopy foragers, and Neotropical migrants, as well as 1 “guild” that consisted of species found to be sensitive to deer density in past literature. The abundance or richness of most guilds and species did not differ by deer density. However, there were 1.08 more shrub nesters and 0.55 more species of shrub nesting birds in low‐deer‐density areas than in high‐deer‐density areas. Areas of moderate and low deer densities had ≥0.35 more species of low‐canopy foragers than did areas of high deer densities. Low‐deer‐density areas had ≥0.59 more individual Neotropical migrants compared with moderate‐ or high‐deer‐density areas. Similarly, areas of low deer densities had ≥0.49 more migrant species than did areas of higher densities. Low‐deer‐density areas had ≥0.17 more ovenbirds compared with high‐ and moderate‐deer‐density areas. Great crested flycatchers (Myiarchus crinitus) had 3 times greater odds of being found in low‐deer‐density areas than in high‐deer‐density areas. Chipping sparrows (Spizella passerina), Acadian flycatchers (Empidonax virescens), and red‐eyed vireos (Vireo olivaceus) all had 2 times greater odds of being found in low‐deer‐density areas than high‐deer‐density areas. Our results suggest that areas in Delaware with densities of <20 deer/km2 have the greatest avian richness and abundance. These findings are the first step toward determining an ecological carrying capacity for white‐tailed deer. © 2013 The Wildlife Society.
Tungsten Oxychloride Compounds Containing [W6O6Cl12]n–(n = 2, 3) Clusters
Authors: Hummel Thorsten , Glaser Jochen , Ströbele Markus , Meyer H.‐Jürgen 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThree tungsten oxychloride clusters containing the nearly D3d symmetric [(W6O6iCl6i)Cl6a]n– (n = 2, 3) core were prepared from the cluster acid (H5O2)2[W6O6Cl12]·4H2O and structurally characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The copper compound [Cu(H2O)4][W6O6Cl12]·12H2O releases water molecules to yield [Cu(H2O)6][W6O6Cl12]. Both compounds are represented as diamagnetic clusters, having 14 electrons in W–W bonding states. Magnetic measurements on the calcium compound [Ca(H2O)7]2[W6O6Cl12]Cl revealed a paramagnetic cluster having 15 valence electrons.
Reducing the probability of ship grounding: which measure to undertake?
Authors: Akhtar Muhammad Juned , Utne Ingrid Bouwer 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The analytic hierarchy process has been used to elicit the knowledge of maritime transport stakeholders, such as seafarers, authorities, insurers and academics, regarding human factors and risk-reducing measures for ship groundings. Measures against human fatigue, alcohol abuse, language barriers, poor bridge management and safety climate have been compared with regard to costs and benefits. The measures are discussed in the context of large ships on a voyage of at least 24 h containing Bridge Resource Management. The study shows that stakeholders consider the costs of the measures to reduce human fatigue at sea surpass the benefits. Measures against alcohol abuse are regarded as the most cost–benefit efficient. Also, the stakeholders consider the watch scheme 8–4–4–8 to be less fatiguing than the 12–12 watch scheme. In addition, the results of the study support previous findings that inadequate manning levels contribute the most to human fatigue within the bridge management team.