bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Assembly of Dimethyl Acetylenedicarboxylate and Phosphanes with Aldehydes Leading to γ‐Lactones Bearing α‐Phosphorus Ylides as Wittig Reagents.
Authors: Deng Jie‐Cheng , Chan Fu‐Wei , Kuo Chih‐Wei , Cheng Chun‐An , Huang Chien‐Yu , Chuang Shih‐Ching 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe multicomponent assembly of dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate, electron‐deficient aldehydes, and triaryl‐ or trialkylphosphanes in a molar ratio of 3:1:6 gives γ‐lactones bearing an α‐phosphorus ylide moiety in moderate to good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: New Fluorogenic Benzothiadiazole and Benzoselenadiazole Reagents to Yield Environment‐Sensitive Fluorophores via a Reaction with Amines.
Authors: Kawamoto Kyoko , Uchiyama Seiichi 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe synthesis and properties of new fluorogenic benzothiadiazole and benzoselanadiazole reagents (II) are described.
ChemInform Abstract: A Straightforward Access to Photochromic Diarylethene Derivatives via Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct Heteroarylation of 1,2‐Dichloroperfluorocyclopentene.
Authors: Beydoun Kassem , Roger Julien , Boixel Julien , Le Bozec Hubert , Guerchais Veronique , Doucet Henri 
Published: March 2013

AbstractDi‐heteroarylation of 1,2‐dichloroperfluorocyclopentene (I) is achieved using thiazoles, thiophenes, or furan substituents.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of (+)‐Bretonin B: Access to the (E,Z,E)‐Triene Core by a Late‐Stage Peterson Elimination of a Convergently Assembled Silyl Ether.
Authors: Neubauer Thomas , Kammerer‐Pentier Claire , Bach Thorsten 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe title compound (VI) is obtained in nine steps using an α‐silyl epoxide ring opening, a Julia—Kocienski olefination, and a late‐stage Peterson elimination as key steps.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Catalyzed Telomerization of 1,3‐Dienes with Multifunctional Renewable Substrates: Versatile Routes for the Valorization of Biomass‐Derived Platform Molecules
Authors: Bruijnincx Pieter C. A. , Jastrzebski Robin , Hausoul Peter J. C. , Klein Gebbink Robertus J. M. , Weckhuysen Bert M. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractReview: 130 refs.
Androgen action at the target musculature regulates brain‐derived neurotrophic factor protein in the spinal nucleus of the bulbocavernosus
Authors: Verhovshek Tom , Sengelaub Dale R. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTWe have previously demonstrated that brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) interacts with testosterone to regulate dendritic morphology of motoneurons in the highly androgen‐sensitive spinal nucleus of the bulbocavernosus (SNB). Additionally, in adult male rats testosterone regulates BDNF in SNB motoneurons and its target muscle, the bulbocavernosus (BC). Because BDNF is retrogradely transported from skeletal muscles to spinal motoneurons, we hypothesized that testosterone could regulate BDNF in SNB motoneurons by acting locally at the BC muscle. To test this hypothesis, we restricted androgen manipulation to the SNB target musculature. After castration, BDNF immunolabeling in SNB motoneurons was maintained at levels similar to those of gonadally intact males by delivering testosterone treatment directly to the BC muscle. When the same implant was placed interscapularly in castrated males it was ineffective in supporting BDNF immunolabeling in SNB motoneurons. Furthermore, BDNF immunolabeling in gonadally intact adult males given the androgen receptor blocker hydroxyflutamide delivered directly to the BC muscle was decreased compared with that of gonadally intact animals that had the same hydroxyflutamide implant placed interscapularly, or when compared with castrated animals that had testosterone implants at the muscle. These results demonstrate that the BC musculature is a critical site of action for the androgenic regulation of BDNF in SNB motoneurons and that it is both necessary and sufficient for this action. Furthermore, the local action of androgens at the BC muscle in regulating BDNF provides a possible mechanism underlying the interactive effects of testosterone and BDNF on motoneuron morphology. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 73: 587–598, 2013
SnCl2‐Catalyzed Propargylic Substitution of Propargylic Alcohols with Carbon and Nitrogen Nucleophiles
Authors: Masuyama Yoshiro , Hayashi Miki , Suzuki Noriyuki 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA weak Lewis acid, tin(II) chloride, which is insensitive to water and air, functioned as a catalyst for the propargylic substitution of secondary propargylic alcohols with carbon nucleophiles, such as electron‐rich arenes, heteroarenes, and 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds, and nitrogen nucleophiles, such as sulfonamides, carbamates, and carboxamides, at 40–80 °C in CH3NO2 under air and exhibited a higher catalytic activity than tin(II) bromide or iodide in the propargylic substitution of 1‐phenyl‐2‐propyn‐1‐ol with anisole at 40 °C in CH3NO2. The solubility of tin(II) fluoride in CH3NO2 would have to be extremely low to cause no propargylic substitution. 1‐Phenyl‐substituted propargylic alcohols readily reacted with all these nucleophiles, whereas 1‐(4‐cyanophenyl)‐2‐propyn‐1‐ol and 1‐(pentafluorophenyl)‐2‐propyn‐1‐ol did not react at all with 1,2,3‐trimethoxybenzene even in CH3NO2 at reflux. The 1‐alkyl‐substituted secondary propargylic alcohol, 1,5‐diphenyl‐1‐pentyn‐3‐ol, underwent SnCl2‐catalyzed propargylic substitution with electron‐rich arenes and amides, although the reaction was slow even at 80 °C in CH3NO2. Thus, the SnCl2‐catalyzed propargylic substitution reaction is dependent upon the stability of the propargylic carbenium ion formed upon elimination of hydroxide from the corresponding propargylic alcohol.
Synthesis of a Difunctionalized Pillar[6]arene and Its Complexation with an Ammonium Salt Coupled to a Weakly Coordinating Counteranion
Authors: Han Chengyou , Gao Lingyan , Yu Guocan , Zhang Zibin , Dong Shengyi , Huang Feihe 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA pillar[5]arene[1]quinone and a difunctionalized pillar[6]arene were synthesized. Their application in host–guest chemistry was investigated by using 1‐adamantanylammonium tetrakis[3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate (3), which possesses a weakly coordinating counteranion, as a model guest. These hosts showed different binding affinities for 3 with different association constants.
Mechanisms of Solid Fuel Conversion by Chemical‐Looping Combustion (CLC) using Manganese Ore: Catalytic Gasification by Potassium Compounds
Authors: Keller Martin , Leion Henrik , Mattisson Tobias 
Published: March 2013

AbstractChemical‐looping combustion (CLC) is an emerging technology that can be used to meet the growing demands for electrical energy production without CO2 emissions. In CLC with solid fuels, the gasification of the carbonaceous fuel by steam is envisaged to be performed directly in the fuel reactor. This requires high steam‐gasification rates for the effective use of the solid fuel. Recently, it has been observed that the choice of oxygen carrier can have a profound effect on the char‐conversion rates in the fuel reactor. More specifically, the char‐conversion rate with a Brazilian manganese ore was a factor of five higher than that with ilmenite. In this work, the reaction mechanism of the char gasification was investigated in the presence of this manganese ore with the aim to explain the high rates observed. Steam‐gasification experiments with petroleum coke were performed by using a batch fluidized‐bed reactor with manganese ore as the bed material. In addition, partial gasification experiments of petroleum coke were conducted, and detailed energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX) analyses were performed on the surface and interior of the fuel and manganese‐ore particles. The effect of the possible gas‐phase release of oxygen from the manganese ore was also investigated. It was found that the release of gas‐phase oxygen by the oxygen carrier does not explain the high gasification rates observed. Instead, the transfer of a catalytically active material, potassium, from the bed material to the solid fuel was observed, which in turn catalysed the steam–carbon‐gasification reaction. As the catalytically active compound is included in this naturally occurring bed material, it may offer cost‐efficient, catalytic gasification in a CLC process.
A thermodynamic and dynamic subgrid closure model for two‐material cells
Authors: Sun Mingyu 
Published: March 2013

SUMMARYA general and robust subgrid closure model for two‐material cells is proposed. The conservative quantities of the entire cell are apportioned between two materials, and then, pressure and velocity are fully or partially equilibrated by modeling subgrid wave interactions. An unconditionally stable and entropy‐satisfying solution of the processes has been successfully found. The solution is valid for arbitrary level of relaxation. The model is numerically designed with care for general materials and is computationally efficient without recourse to subgrid iterations or subcycling in time. The model is implemented and tested in the Lagrange‐remap framework. Two interesting results are observed in 1D tests. First, on the basis of the closure model without any pressure and velocity relaxation, a material interface can be resolved without creating numerical oscillations and/or large nonphysical jumps in the problem of the modified Sod shock tube. Second, the overheating problem seen near the wall surface can be solved by the present entropy‐satisfying closure model. The generality, robustness, and efficiency of the model make it useful in principle in algorithms, such as ALE methods, volume of fluid methods, and even some mixture models, for compressible two‐phase flow computations. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Depression, disability and functional status among community‐dwelling older adults in South Africa: evidence from the first South African National Income Dynamics Study
Authors: Tomita Andrew , Burns Jonathan K. 
Published: March 2013

ObjectivesThis study examined the relationship between depression and functional status among a community‐dwelling older population of 65 years and older in South Africa.MethodData from the first wave of the South African National Income Dynamics Study were used, this being the first longitudinal panel survey of a nationally representative sample of households. The study focused on the data for resident adults 65 years and older (n = 1,429). Depression was assessed using the 10‐item version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Functional status, pertaining to both difficulty and dependence in activities of daily living (ADL), instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), and physical functioning and mobility (PFM), were assessed using 11 items.ResultsFunctional challenges were generally higher in the older age group. There was a significant association between depression and functional dependence in ADL (adjusted OR = 2.57 [CI: 1.03–6.41]), IADL (adjusted OR = 2.76 [CI: 1.89–4.04]), and PFM (adjusted OR = 1.66 [CI: 1.18–2.33]), but the relationship between depression and functional status, particularly PFM, appeared weaker in older age.ConclusionThe relationship between depression symptoms and function is complex. Functional characteristics between older and younger old populations are diverse, and caution is indicated against overgeneralizing the challenges related to depression and function among this target population. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Secondary planetary waves in the middle and upper atmosphere following the stratospheric sudden warming event of January 2012
Authors: Chandran A. , Garcia R. R. , Collins R. L. , Chang L. C. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe role of planetary waves in causing stratospheric sudden warmings (SSWs) is well understood and quantified. However, recent studies have indicated that secondary planetary waves are excited in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere following SSWs. We use a version of the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model constrained by reanalysis data below 50 km to simulate the SSW of January 2012, a minor warming followed by the formation of an elevated stratopause. We document the occurrence of enhanced Eliassen‐Palm flux divergence in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere associated with faster, secondary westward‐propagating planetary waves of wave number 1 and period <10 days. We confirm the presence of these secondary planetary waves using observations made by the Sounding of the Atmosphere using the Broadband Emission Radiometry instrument onboard NASA's Thermosphere‐Ionosphere‐Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics satellite.
Sustained retreat of the Pine Island Glacier
Authors: Park J. W. , Gourmelen N. , Shepherd A. , Kim S. W. , Vaughan D. G. , Wingham D. J. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWe use satellite observations to show that, between 1992 and 2011, the Pine Island Glacier hinge line retreated at a rate of 0.95 ± 0.09 km yr−1 despite a progressive steepening and shoaling of the glacier surface and bedrock slopes, respectively, which ought to impede retreat. The retreat has remained constant because the glacier terminus has thinned at an accelerating rate of 0.53 ± 0.15 m yr−2, with comparable changes upstream. This acceleration is consistent with an intensification of ocean‐driven melting in the cavity beneath the floating section of the glacier. The pattern of hinge‐line retreat meanders and is concentrated in isolated regions until ice becomes locally buoyant. Because the glacier‐ocean system does not appear to have reached a position of relative stability, the lower limit of sea level projections may be too conservative.
Is ‘Centre of Volume’ a robust indicator of changes in snowmelt timing?
Authors: Whitfield Paul H. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe centre of volume (COV), or the hydrograph centroid, is a measure of streamflow timing that is a widely used indicator of the effects of warmer temperatures on the hydrology of snowmelt streams. The COV was originally developed as a measure of land‐use effects, and its response is affected by several factors other than temperature, particularly total run‐off. A ‘toy’ model is used to demonstrate some of these effects, and these effects are also shown for streamflow data from Canada's Reference Hydrologic Basin Network. These deficiencies indicate that COV is neither specific nor robust as an indicator. Although these effects might be overcome by streamflow decomposition, the use of COV as an indicator of snowmelt timing should be avoided. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modelling atmospheric and hydrologic processes for assessment of meadow restoration impact on flow and sediment in a sparsely gauged California watershed
Authors: Ohara N. , Kavvas M. L. , Chen Z. Q. , Liang L. , Anderson M. , Wilcox J. , Mink L. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe restoration of meadowland using the pond and plug technique of gully elimination was performed in a 9‐mile segment along Last Chance Creek, Feather River Basin, California, in order to rehabilitate floodplain functions such as mitigating floods, retaining groundwater, and reducing sediment yield associated with bank erosion and to significantly alter the hydrologic regime. However, because the atmospheric and hydrological conditions have evolved over the restoration period, it was difficult to obtain a comprehensible evaluation of the impact of restoration activities by means of field measurements. In this paper, a new use of physically based models for environmental assessment is described. The atmospheric conditions over the sparsely gauged Last Chance Creek watershed (which does not have any precipitation or weather stations) during the combined historical critical dry and wet period (1982–1993) were reconstructed over the whole watershed using the atmospheric fifth‐generation mesoscale model driven with the US National Center for Atmospheric Research and US National Center for Environmental Prediction reanalysis data. Using the downscaled atmospheric data as its input, the watershed environmental hydrology (WEHY) model was applied to this watershed. All physical parameters of the WEHY model were derived from the existing geographic information system and satellite‐driven data sets. By comparing the prerestoration and postrestoration simulation results under the identical atmospheric conditions, a more complete environmental assessment of the restoration project was made. Model results indicate that the flood peak may be reduced by 10–20% during the wet year and the baseflow may be enhanced by 10–20% during the following dry seasons (summer to fall) in the postrestoration condition. The model results also showed that the hydrologic impact of the land management associated with the restoration mitigates bank erosion and sediment discharge during winter storm events. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C1q, the classical complement pathway protein binds Hirano bodies in Pick's disease
Authors: Singhrao Sim K. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTHaematoxylin/Eosin staining was performed to screen for Hirano bodies from the temporal lobe including the hippocampus in 10 Pick's disease cases containing Pick bodies. Although the inclusions were confirmed in 9 out of 10 cases, only 4 out of 10 were particularly enriched with the eosinophilic bodies. These were subjected to immunostaining with anticomplement antibodies and astrocyte marker antiglial fibrillary acidic protein antibody and the HLA class II CR3/43 antibody to visualize microglia. An intraneuronal Hirano body was observed in one case that otherwise contained mainly the extracellular inclusions. In all cases, the extracellular Hirano bodies were seen lying adjacent to soma of neurons within CA1 region of the hippocampus. The extracellular Hirano bodies stained intensely with C1q, the first component of the classical pathway of activation but remained unreactive against antibodies to C4 and the C3 activation products (C3b and iC3b) and the alternative complement pathway component factor B. Hirano bodies also remained negative with the antiglial fibrillary acidic protein for astrocytes and HLA class II antibody CR3/43 for microglia. The results demonstrate that Hirano bodies have strong immunoreactivity to C1q; however, whether other complement components are associated with these inclusions remains to be further investigated. Microsc. Res. Tech. 76:606–611, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Changes in Agricultural Land Use Affecting Future Soil Redistribution Patterns: A Case Study in Southern Tuscany (Italy)
Authors: Debolini Marta , Schoorl Jeroen M. , Temme Arnaud , Galli Mariassunta , Bonari Enrico 
Published: March 2013

AbstractLand‐use changes (LUCs) can be defined as the result of the direct action of the stakeholders in a particular area and natural or human driving forces. LUCs can influence various processes within the landscape and can have an impact on landscape functions. An analysis of the impact of LUCs on landscape processes can help to focus future rural policies. LUCs in Mediterranean areas particularly affect landscape functions because of their agro‐pedoclimatical characteristics. The aims of this work are as follows: (i) to characterise LUCs in the last 11 years in a typical Mediterranean area, the Trasubbie river basin (southern Tuscany, Italy); (ii) to extrapolate these changes and create spatially explicit LUC scenarios for the near future; and (iii) to simulate how and where the predicted LUCs may affect soil redistribution. We carried out an analysis of LUCs within the study area and used the trends to propose alternative scenarios for 2013. For these years, we spatially allocated land use (using the Conversions of Land Use and its Effects model) and used a landscape process model (landscape process modelling at multi‐dimensions and scales) to assess soil redistribution patterns. Land use in the study area changed almost linearly between 1996 and 2007, with cereals and annual fodder crops decreasing, and vineyards, perennial pastures and land abandonment increasing. Our LUC scenario extrapolates these dynamics to make predictions for 2013. A comparison of LAPSUS results between LUC and baseline scenarios for 2013 showed an increase in terms of net soil loss and total erosion, and a decrease in terms of sediment delivery ratio. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Asymptotic analysis of lubricated heavily loaded point contacts with skewed direction of entrained lubricant
Authors: Kudish Ilya I. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTThe paper is devoted to the application of the early developed asymptotic approach to solution of the steady isothermal problem of elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) for heavily loaded point contacts with skewed direction of entrained lubricant. It is shown that the whole contact region can be subdivided into three subregions: the central one, which is far away from the other two regions occupied by the ends of the horseshoe‐shaped pressure/gap distribution. The central region, in turn, can be subdivided into the Hertzian region and two adjacent boundary layers — the inlet and exit zones. Moreover, in the central region in the inlet and exit zones, the EHL problem can be reduced to asymptotically valid equations identical to the ones obtained in the inlet and exit zones of heavily loaded line EHL contacts. These equations can be analytically analysed and numerically solved on the basis of the stable methods using a specific regularization approach, which were developed for lubricated line contacts. Cases of pre‐critical and over‐critical lubrication regimes are considered. The by‐product of this asymptotic analysis is an easy analytical derivation of formulas for the lubrication film thickness for pre‐critical and over‐critical starved and fully flooded lubrication regimes. The latter allows for simple analysis of the film thickness as a function of the contact eccentricity and the direction of the entrained lubricant at the inlet in the contact. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dual‐Active‐Site Nature of Magnesium Dichloride‐Supported Cyclopentadienyl Titanium Chloride Catalysts Switched by an Activator in Propylene Polymerization
Authors: Goto Keisuke , Taniike Toshiaki , Terano Minoru 
Published: March 2013

AbstractMgCl2‐supported metallocene catalysts often show peculiar catalytic aspects, which are partially similar to both non‐supported complexes and traditional Ziegler–Natta catalysts. In this study, the active‐site natures of various MgCl2‐supported cyclopentadienyl Ti chloride catalysts are systematically investigated and compared with traditional catalysts in propylene polymerization. The supported titanocene catalysts offer both metallocene‐type and Ziegler–Natta‐type active‐site natures according to the details of the preparation and the activation procedures. The observed dual‐active‐site natures are plausibly correlated with the valence and charge states of the Ti center.magnified image
Green‐Light‐Induced Cationic Ring Opening Polymerization Reactions: Perylene‐3,4:9,10‐bis(Dicarboximide) as Efficient Photosensitizers
Authors: Tehfe Mohamad‐Ali , Dumur Frédéric , Graff Bernadette , Gigmes Didier , Fouassier Jean‐Pierre , Lalevée Jacques 
Published: March 2013

AbstractNew perylene‐3,4:9,10‐bis(dicarboximide) (PBI) photoinitiators/photosensitizers derived from perylene‐3,4:9,10‐tetracarboxylic dianhydride are synthesized and investigated for the formation of free radicals under air and under very soft irradiation (i.e., halogen lamp) or laser diode exposure at 532 nm. Such a PBI in combination with a diphenyl iodonium salt and N‐vinylcarbazole or a silane very efficiently promotes the ring‐opening polymerization of epoxides and can also generate acrylate/epoxide interpenetrated polymer networks. It partly behaves as a metal‐free organic photocatalyst operating in an oxidative catalytic cycle. The different chemical intermediates are characterized by ESR and laser flash photolysis experiments. The mechanisms involved in the initiation step are discussed.magnified image