bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Injectable citrate‐modified Portland cement for use in vertebroplasty
Authors: Wynn‐Jones Gareth , Shelton Richard M. , Hofmann Michael P. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe injectability of Portland cement (PC) with several citrate additives was investigated for use in clinical applications such as vertebroplasty (stabilization of a fractured vertebra with bone cement) using a syringe. A 2‐wt % addition of sodium or potassium citrate with PC significantly improved cement injectability, decreased cement setting times from over 2 h to below 25 min, while increasing the compressive strength to a maximum of 125 MPa. Zeta‐potential measurements indicated that the citrate anion was binding to one or more of the positively charged species causing charged repulsion between cement particles which dispersed aggregates and caused the liquefying effect of the anion. Analysis of the hydrating phases of PC indicated that the early strength producing PC phase (ettringite) developed within the first 2 h of setting following addition of the citrate anion, while this did not occur in the control cement (PC only). Within 24 h ettringite developed in PC as well as calcium–silicate–hydrate (C–S–H), the major setting phase of PC, whereas cements containing citrate did not develop this phase. The evidence suggested that in the presence of citrate the cements limited water supply appeared to be utilized for ettringite formation, producing the early strength of the citrate cements. The present study has demonstrated that it is possible to modify PC with citrate to both improve the injectability and crucially reduce the setting times of PC while improving the strength of the cement. © 2014 The Authors Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 102B: 1799–1808, 2014.
Development and performance evaluation of a positive reference material for hemolysis testing
Authors: Haishima Yuji , Hasegawa Chie , Nomura Yusuke , Kawakami Tsuyoshi , Yuba Toshiyasu , Shindo Tomoko , Sakaguchi Keisuke , Tanigawa Takahiro , Inukai Kaori , Takenouchi Mika , Isama Kazuo , Matsuoka Atsuko , Niimi Shingo 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis study deals with the development and performance evaluation of a positive reference material for hemolysis testing, which is used for evaluating the biological safety of medical devices. Genapol X‐080, a nonionic detergent, was selected as a candidate hemolytic substance in a survey of 23 chemical compounds; it showed significant hemolytic activity against rabbit defibrinated blood at concentrations more than 20 µg/mL. A polyvinyl chloride (PVC) sheet spiked with 0.6% (w/w) of the compound exhibited weak hemolytic activity in direct contact and/or extract‐based assays after 4 h incubation at 37°C. A PVC sheet containing 5.8% (w/w) Genapol X‐080 induced complete hemolysis in both assays. The amount of Genapol X‐080 eluted from each PVC sheet during hemolysis testing using the direct contact method increased time‐dependently and reached 25.6 (former sheet) or 1154 (later sheet) µg/mL after 4 h incubation, which was similar to or much higher than the critical micelle concentration, respectively. Similar elution behavior was observed using the extract‐based method, and the Genapol X‐080 content in test solutions prepared by autoclave extraction of both sheets was 22.5 and 358 µg/mL, respectively, indicating a clear relationship between the degree of hemolytic activity and the eluted amount of Genapol X‐080. Thus, a PVC sheet spiked with a compound exhibiting different hemolytic activity depending on its concentration may be useful as a positive reference material to validate the hemolysis tests. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 102B: 1809–1816, 2014.
Mountain plover nest survival in relation to prairie dog and fire dynamics in shortgrass steppe
Authors: Augustine David J. , Skagen Susan K. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTDisturbed xeric grasslands with short, sparse vegetation provide breeding habitat for mountain plovers (Charadrius montanus) across the western Great Plains. Maintaining local disturbance regimes through prairie dog conservation and prescribed fire may contribute to the sustainability of recently declining mountain plover populations, but these management approaches can be controversial. We estimated habitat‐specific mountain plover densities and nest survival rates on black‐tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) colonies and burns in the shortgrass steppe of northeastern Colorado. Mountain plover densities were similar on prairie dog colonies (5.9 birds/km2; 95% CI = 4.7–7.4) and sites burned during the preceding dormant season (6.7 birds/km2; 95% CI = 4.6–9.6), whereas the 29‐day nest survival rate was greater on prairie dog colonies (0.81 in 2011 and 0.39 in 2012) compared to the burned sites (0.64 in 2011 and 0.17 in 2012). Reduced nest survival in 2012 compared to 2011 was associated with higher maximum daily temperatures in 2012, consistent with a previous weather‐based model of mountain plover nest survival in the southern Great Plains. Measurements of mountain plover density relative to time since disturbance showed that removal of prairie dog disturbance by sylvatic plague reduced mountain plover density by 70% relative to active prairie dog colonies after 1 year. Plover densities declined at a similar rate (by 78%) at burned sites between the first and second post‐burn growing season. Results indicate that black‐tailed prairie dog colonies are a particularly important nesting habitat for mountain plovers in the southern Great Plains. In addition, findings suggest that prescribed burning can be a valuable means to create nesting habitat in landscapes where other types of disturbances (such as prairie dog colonies) are limited in distribution and size. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
The First Suspension Polymerization for Preparing Optically Active Microparticles Purely Constructed from Chirally Helical Substituted Polyacetylenes
Authors: Zhang Haiyang , Song Jiexuan , Deng Jianping 
Published: April 2014

Suspension polymerization has been extensively utilized with vinyl monomers to prepare vinyl‐polymer microparticles (μm size; denoted MPs) with a variety of morphologies and significant applications. However, suspension polymerization of acetylenic monomers has remained a big challenge. This communication reports the first methodology for performing suspension polymerizations of acetylenic monomers, from which optically active microparticles (OAMPs) are constructed exclusively from helical substituted polyacetylenes. Chiral monomer (M1) and achiral monomer (M2) separately underwent suspension polymerization at room temperature in aqueous media in the presence of Rh‐based catalyst with poly(vinyl alcohol) as a stabilizer, providing MPs (200∼700 mm) in high yield (>80%). The obtained OAMPs, both crosslinked and non‐crosslinked, were characterized by SEM, polarimetry, circular dichroism, and UV‐vis spectroscopy. The chiral substituted polyacetylene chains constituting the MPs were found to adopt helices of predominantly one‐handed screw sense, affording the particles with pronounced optical activity. The MPs derived from achiral M2 exhibited optical inactivity. The present study opens up new opportunities for preparing novel (non‐)crosslinked microparticles derived from acetylenic monomers.
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Cyclodextrin‐Based Supramolecular Assemblies and Hydrogels: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives
Authors: Tan Shereen , Ladewig Katharina , Fu Qiang , Blencowe Anton , Qiao Greg G. 
Published: April 2014

The application of cyclodextrin (CD)‐based host–guest interactions towards the fabrication of functional supramolecular assemblies and hydrogels is of particular interest in the field of biomedicine. However, as of late they have found new applications as advanced functional materials (e.g., actuators and self‐healing materials), which have renewed interest across a wide range of fields. Advanced supramolecular materials synthesized using this noncovalent interaction, exhibit specificity and reversibility, which can be used to impart reversible cross‐linking, specific binding sites, and functionality. In this review, various functional CD‐based supramolecular assemblies and hydrogels will be outlined with the focus on recent advances. In addition, an outlook will be provided on the direction of this rapidly developing field.
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Real‐time correction of rigid body motion‐induced phase errors for diffusion‐weighted steady‐state free precession imaging
Authors: O'Halloran Rafael , Aksoy Murat , Aboussouan Eric , Peterson Eric , Van Anh , Bammer Roland 
Published: April 2014

PurposeDiffusion contrast in diffusion‐weighted steady‐state free precession magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is generated through the constructive addition of signal from many coherence pathways. Motion‐induced phase causes destructive interference which results in loss of signal magnitude and diffusion contrast. In this work, a three‐dimensional (3D) navigator‐based real‐time correction of the rigid body motion‐induced phase errors is developed for diffusion‐weighted steady‐state free precession MRI.MethodsThe efficacy of the real‐time prospective correction method in preserving phase coherence of the steady state is tested in 3D phantom experiments and 3D scans of healthy human subjects.ResultsIn nearly all experiments, the signal magnitude in images obtained with proposed prospective correction was higher than the signal magnitude in images obtained with no correction. In the human subjects, the mean magnitude signal in the data was up to 30% higher with prospective motion correction than without. Prospective correction never resulted in a decrease in mean signal magnitude in either the data or in the images.ConclusionsThe proposed prospective motion correction method is shown to preserve the phase coherence of the steady state in diffusion‐weighted steady‐state free precession MRI, thus mitigating signal magnitude losses that would confound the desired diffusion contrast. Magn Reson Med 73:565–576, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Constrained image‐based B0 shimming accounting for “local minimum traps” in the optimization and field inhomogeneities outside the region of interest
Authors: Fillmer Ariane , Kirchner Thomas , Cameron Donnie , Henning Anke 
Published: April 2014

PurposeTo improve B0 shimming for applications in high‐ and ultrahigh‐field magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy.MethodsAn existing image‐based constrained B0 shimming algorithm was enhanced using two techniques: (1) A region of less interest was introduced to control B0 field inhomogeneities in the vicinity of the region of interest; (2) multiple sets of starting values were used for the fitting routine, to avoid “getting trapped” in a local minimum of the optimization function. The influence of constraints during the fitting procedure, due to hardware limitations, on the B0 shim result was investigated. The performance of this algorithm was compared to other B0 shim algorithms for typical shim problems in head and body applications at 3T and 7T.ResultsUtilization of a weighted region of less interest lead to a significant gain in B0 homogeneity adjacent to the region of interest. The loss of B0 quality due to the enlarged total shim volume within the region of interest remained minimal, allowing for improved artifact reduction in magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging. Multiple sets of starting values and consideration of shim field constraints led to an additional gain in B0 shim quality.ConclusionThe proposed algorithm allows for more flexible control of B0 inhomogeneities and, hence, enables gains in image and spectral quality for MR applications. Magn Reson Med 73:1370–1380, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Changes in sensory function and force production in adults with type II diabetes
Authors: Ochoa Nereyda , Gorniak Stacey L. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTIntroduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship among sensory function, disease severity, and upper extremity force production in adults with type II diabetes (T2D) as compared with healthy age‐ and gender‐matched controls. Methods: Ten adults with T2D and 10 healthy age‐ and gender‐matched control subjects underwent a battery of sensory and motor function evaluations. Data on disease severity and duration were also collected. Results: The T2D group exhibited sensory deficits and altered force production as compared with healthy controls. Sensory function correlated with disease severity, as did signal predictability of kinetic output during submaximal force production tasks. Maximal force production tasks were associated with altered output in T2D, but these data did not correlate with disease severity or sensory dysfunction. Conclusions: Some, not all, motor performance deficits in T2D are associated with sensory dysfunction. Mechanisms responsible for these changes in adult‐onset T2D are described. Muscle Nerve 50: 984–990, 2014
Behavior of sand–rubber particle mixtures: experimental observations and numerical simulations
Authors: Lee Changho , Shin Hosung , Lee Jong‐Sub 
Published: April 2014

SUMMARYA series of laboratory experiments and numerical simulations are conducted to explore the characteristics of mixtures composed of sand and rubber particles of the same median diameter. The mixtures are prepared with different volumetric sand fractions (sf = Vsand/Vtotal). The experiment focuses on assessing the strain level on the characteristics of the mixture with the volume fraction of each component. Numerical simulations using the discrete element method are performed to obtain insight into the microscale behavior and internal mechanism of the mixtures. The experimental results show that the behavior of the mixtures is dependent on the relative sand and rubber particles composition with variation in the strain levels. The numerical simulation reveals the effect of the soft rubber particle inclusion in the mixture on the micromechanical parameters. In low sand fraction mixtures, a high shear stress along the contact is mobilized, and the stress state is driven to a more anisotropic condition because of the relatively high particle friction angle of the rubber. The rubber particles play different roles with the strain level in the mixture, including increasing the coordination number and controlling plasticity of the mixture in a small strain, preventing buckling of the force chain in an intermediate strain, and leading to contractive behavior in a large strain. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigating online recognition for blood donor retention: an experiential donor value approach
Authors: Chell Kathleen , Mortimer Gary 
Published: April 2014

Recognising that charitable behaviour can be motivated by public recognition and emotional satisfaction, not‐for‐profit organisations have developed strategies that leverage self‐interest over altruism by facilitating individuals to donate conspicuously. Initially developed as novel marketing programmes to increase donation income, such conspicuous tokens of recognition are being recognised as important value propositions to nurture donor relationships. Despite this, there is little empirical evidence that identifies when donations can be increased through conspicuous recognition. Furthermore, social media's growing popularity for self‐expression, as well as the increasing use of technology in donor relationship management strategies, makes an examination of virtual conspicuous tokens of recognition in relation to what value donors seek particularly insightful. Therefore, this research examined the impact of experiential donor value and virtual conspicuous tokens of recognition on blood donor intentions. Using online survey data from 186 Australian blood donors, results show that in fact emotional value is a stronger predictor of intentions to donate blood than altruistic value, whereas social value is the strongest predictor of intentions if provided with recognition. Clear linkages between dimensions of donor value (altruistic, emotional and social) and conspicuous donation behaviour (CDB) were identified. The findings provide valuable insights into the use of conspicuous donation tokens of recognition on social media and contribute to our understanding into the under‐researched areas of donor value and CDB.Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Support for laws to prohibit weight discrimination in the united states: Public attitudes from 2011 to 2013
Authors: Suh Young , Puhl Rebecca , Liu Sai , Fleming Milici Frances 
Published: April 2014

ObjectivePublic attitudes about three proposed laws prohibiting weight discrimination in the US, from 2011 to 2013 were examined.MethodsAn online survey using a diverse national sample of US adults to assess their level of support for three specific laws against weight discrimination was conducted. Data collection occurred between June and July in 2011 (n = 1,098), 2012 (n = 1,202), and 2013 (n = 1,202).ResultsBetween 2011 and 2013, support for laws prohibiting weight discrimination remained consistent, and in some cases became increasingly supportive, primarily in 2012‐2013. At least 75% of participants consistently favored laws prohibiting weight discrimination in the workplace. Individuals became increasingly supportive of extending disability protections for individuals with obesity (62% in 2011 to 69% in 2013) and adding body weight as a protected class in Civil Rights statutes (70% in 2011 to 76% in 2013). Analyses highlight specific predictors of support (gender, race, education, and political affiliation).ConclusionsThere is strong, consistent support for policies prohibiting weight discrimination. These findings have important implications for developing specific antidiscrimination legislation to protect Americans with obesity and improve their quality of life.
Obstetric and metabolic implications of excessive gestational weight gain in pregnancy
Authors: Walsh Jennifer M. , McGowan Ciara A. , Mahony Rhona M. , Foley Michael E. , McAuliffe Fionnuala M. 
Published: April 2014

ObjectiveTo compare maternal characteristics, obstetric outcomes and insulin resistance in a cohort of women subdivided into those who did and those who did not exceed the Institute of Medicine (IOM) gestational weight gain guidelines.MethodsThis is a prospective study of 621 women without diabetes. Concentrations of glucose, insulin and leptin were measured in early pregnancy and at 28 weeks. Ultrasound at 34 weeks assessed fetal anthropometry including abdominal wall width (AAW). At delivery birthweight was recorded and fetal glucose, C‐peptide and leptin measured in cord blood. Insulin resistance was calculated using the HOMA equation. Outcomes in those who did and did not exceed IOM guidelines were compared.ResultsOverall, 267 women (43%) exceeded IOM guidelines and 354 (57%) did not. On 34‐week ultrasound women with excessive weight gain had higher fetal weights (2681 ± 356 g vs. 2574 ± 331, P = 0.001) and fetal adiposity (AAW) (5.29 ± 1.3 vs. 4.8 ± 1.2, P = 0.001). Infant birthweight and birthweight centiles were also higher in those who exceeded the guidelines. There was no difference between the two groups in maternal insulin resistance in early pregnancy, but by 28 weeks those with excessive weight gain had higher maternal HOMA indices and higher maternal leptin concentrations.ConclusionExcessive maternal gestational weight gain has significant implications for infant growth and adiposity, with potential implications for later adult health.
Effects of introducing MEWS on nursing staff in mental health inpatient settings
Authors: Shaddel Farshad , Khosla Vivek , Banerjee Subimal 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe Modified Early Warning Score (MEWS) is now commonly used in the assessment of physically unwell patients in non‐acute hospital wards. The effect of the introduction of MEWS on the confidence of inpatient psychiatric nurses in identifying the severity of a physically deteriorating patient, and taking appropriate clinical action, has not been reported previously. The authors undertook a cross sectional survey looking at the level of confidence of qualified mental health nurses, and their ability to make correct clinical decisions, before and after introduction of the MEWS tool. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons
Post‐ictal psychosis in a patient with a history of nocturnal epilepsy
Authors: Datta Aarti , Oladinni Olakunle 
Published: April 2014

AbstractPsychiatric symptoms can occur following a seizure (post‐ictal) in patients with epilepsy. Here, Drs Datta and Oladinni describe the case of a man with a history of nocturnal epilepsy, who developed psychotic symptoms following two successive seizures. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons
Dynamic control of volume phase transitions of poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) based microgels in water using hydrazide‐aldehyde chemistry
Authors: Chen Yunhua , Ballard Nicholas , Coleman Oliver D. , Hands‐Portman Ian J. , Bon Stefan A. F. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTWe demonstrate that the volume phase transition temperature (VPTT) of copolymer microgel particles made from N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAm) and methacryloyl hydrazide (MH) can be tailored in a reversible manner upon the reaction of the hydrazide functional groups with aldehydes. The microgels were synthesized by precipitation polymerization in water. Due to the water‐soluble nature of the MH monomer, the VPTT at which the microgel particles contract shifts to higher values by increasing the incorporated amounts of methacryloyl hydrazide from 0 to 5.0 mol %. The VPTT of the copolymer microgel dispersions in water can be fine‐tuned upon addition of hydrophobic/hydrophilic aldehydes, which react with the hydrazide moiety to produce the hydrazone analogue. This hydrazone formation is reversible, which allows for flexible, dynamic control of the thermo‐responsive behavior of the microgels. The ability to “switch” the VPTT was demonstrated by exposing hydrophilic streptomycin sulfate salt incubated microgel particles to an excess of a hydrophobic aldehyde, that is benzaldehyde. The temperature at which these microgels contracted in size upon heating was markedly lowered in these aldehyde exchange experiments. Transformation into benzaldehyde hydrazone derivatives led to assembly of the microgel particles into small colloidal clusters at elevated temperatures. This control of supracolloidal cluster formation was also demonstrated with polystyrene particles which had a hydrazide functionalised microgel shell. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014, 52, 1745–1754