bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Die politische Willensbildung zur Biotechnologie in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland
Authors: Thaisen Heinz 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Up till now decisions about biotechnology as a social project has been made exclusively by natural scientists, government burocracies and by private industry. In the will formation process of political parties, social interests groups and parliaments that is currently beginning a value-conservative consensus concerning human genetics is adumbrating itself. At the same time, however, a liberal laisser-faire attitude toward industrial biotechnology is spreading. The last development threatens to trigger a portentos social conflict as the basic critics pointing to the risks has not been taken into consideration sufficiently. From innovative processies of will formation a broader consensus on biotechnology could emerge. Such a more comprehensive will formation process would be beneficial to political culture as well as to a prudent approach to those technologies.
Ethische Probleme in der Genetischen Beratung
Authors: Hübner Jürgen 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
In the last twenty years, genetic counselling has become a well introduced clinical institution in Germany, established at clinical or human genetic institutes of the universities. There are typical differences in the counselling process before or during gravidity, and there is a need of various ethical reflections and dis'courses with clients and amongst all who are engaged in such situations. Screening programs are in danger to promote automatisms in clinical procedures. New diagnostic techniques raise new problems: Who wants to know deseases that may appear in future and who does not? Is there a right not to know? This is exemplified by Huntington's desease. Patients are also confronted with eugenic options, and this is one of the main topics in the discussion within patient's committees.
Der Protestantismus in der DDR Erfahrungen und Schwierigkeiten auf dem Weg zur Demokratie
Authors: Nowak Kurt 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The background of the brief analysis is the political turn taken place in the GDR in autumn 1989. The active role of the »basic-groups« and of the protestant churches in it is well-known. Nevertheless, there are many reasons to consider in a critical way the inner connection between protestantism and democracy in Eastern Germany. Not without any reserve the GDR-Protestantism can be looked at a forerunner and representative of democracy. The GDR-Protestantism seems tobe obliged to develop a better understanding of all the elements constituting democracy.
Feministisch von Gott reden?
Authors: Axmacher Elke 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The study attempts to conduct a fundamental theological discussion with Feminist Theology, a new variety ofLiberation Theology. The basis for this discussion is R. R. Ruether's book Sexism and God- Talk, which can be viewed as the first attempt at a feminist dogmatic theology. The study concludes that the theological foundation of this Christian Feminism is a monistic-pantheistic understanding of God which results in an ethic with distinct totalitarian tendencies
Die Bedeutung des Gewissens für Christen in Kirche und Staat
Authors: Reuter Hans-Richard 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The demand for a right to military tax refusal aims at the protection from those conflicts of conscience that are resulting from an indirect involvement of the citizen in a state's capability of warfare. This raises the generat question of the relevance of conscience for public law. Normative and functional theories of conscience can only insufficiently explain the experience ofthe human conscience. The protestant concept of a freed conscience includes the possibility, that a Christian takes the responsibility for non-intended effects ofhis actions. In the case of a legal right to refuse military tax, an equal right ought tobe granted to persans whose conscience is worried by other kinds of conflicts. But this would be hardly compatible with the principle of democracy. The burden of conscience of those who refuse military taxes should be taken into account by individual regulations but not regulated by law
Die Verbindlichkeit der Freiheit
Authors: Huber Wolfgang 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Freedom ist a basic theme oftheological ethics. In protestant theology it is treated in different forms. They can be clarified by the different ways in which freedom is related to the obligatory force (Verbindlichkeit) of ethical decisions. Freedom as obligation, freedom as the only reason for obligation, and historization of all obligations in the name of freedom are the three typical concepts. The discussion on obligation itself entails also three main answers: The obligatory force ofthe given reality, the universal communicability of ethical norms and the sola scriptura are here the three typical concepts. The article pleads for a processual understanding of obligation in Christian ethics and uses as model the ecumenical concept of conciliarity. This concept shows a specific correspondence to the Christian understanding of freedom as communicative freedom.
Max Weber: Wertkollision und christliche Werte
Authors: Tyrell Hartmann 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The study ofHartmann Tyrell refers to Max Weberand bis specific apprehension ofvalues compared to Simmel and Nietzsche. Tyrell is interested in Weber's view of the relation of different values, which assumes a shape of controversy in modern times. Weber's notion of normative ethics deals with christian values, especially in personal respect. The relation of the Christian to God, precisely: the relation of »Seele« and »Gewissen« towards God is centrat to Weber's idea ofEthics. Weber's »Brüderlichkeitsethik« is seen from a new point of view by Tyrell's research.
Naturrecht und christliche Ethik
Authors: Bubmann Peter 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
In the current discussion about the foundation ofChristian ethics some german Catholic theologians try to renew the naturallaw ethical system by interpreting it as a complex system of human moral rationality. Refering to the thomasian doctrin of the »inclinationes naturales« and integrating the results of the modern human sciences W. Korff wants to analyse the conditions of ethical reasoning. His argumentation is confronted with K. Barths emphatic rejection of any natural law ethics. But Barth bimself does not explainexactly, how living in faith (as obedience to Gods will) relates to »natural« wisdom (and »common sense«). Therefore we suggest to notice the helpful hermeneutical reflections of K. Demmer: He understands the »nature« of man as human cultural product and as the result of a process of selfinterpretation, in which faith takes a fundamental place by defining the basic principles of anthropology. But why should we use the term »naturallaw« (or »natural rights«) instead of "personal" or »human rights«, in order to indicate the basic norms of theological anthropology and ethics?
Gottesbegegnung und Selbstunterscheidung
Authors: Korsch Dietrich 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Arevision of the 19th century debate and of the actual discussion about a protestant principle shows that the most precise description of that principle might be given by connecting mankind's immediate encounter with God (in Christ) and human self-differentiation. It is argued that this principle is above all of outstanding hermeneutical value, because it opens a series of approaches to self-understanding, bothin the field of christian faith and of christian ethics. Moreover, it relates protestantism with the innumerable multitude of other self-interpretations, in worldwide christianity as weil as in modern multicultural society, and provokes efforts of mutual understanding.
Friedensethik nach dem Ende des Ost-West-Konflikts
Authors: Reuter Hans-Richard 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Today the radical as well as the organizing pacifism have become compatible in the engagement for an universal legal system, which is based on the acknowledgement of human rights and a general prohibition of the use of force. The classical doctrines of just war have become obsolete, but their implicit elements concerning moral criticism of violence are indispensable. The author critisizes the misuse of the human rights argument for the justification of military interventionism. A legitimate policy of peace and security has to depend on the development of a collective security system as proposed by the UN-Charter. It cannot be based on traditional military alliances of defence. To intervene in domestic conflicts, if any, peacekeeping operations are qualified, when and as far as they bind themselves to the principles of consensus of all parties concerned, of strict neutrality and of deescalation. There is a special obligation for Germany to restrain herself in military actions and toset an example in developing an international culture of nonviolence.
Das »Natürliche« und die »Moral«
Authors: Wannenwatsch Bernd 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Having evolved as an ethical top priority issue for the churches within less than a decade, yet »homosexuality« shares in its more recent treatment some of the older debate's perplexities. The lack of distinguishing theologically between »nature« and »creation« lies at the heart of a problematic focus on the question of the coming into being of homosexuality, as well as for a rather uncritical use of the notion of its »irreversibility« as a dogmatic starting point for further argument. lnstead a prior task in terms of ethical judgement yet hardly begun must be to do justice to the varity of personal witness of faith such as how people experience Iiberation, some towards the acceptance of their homosexual orientation and others as a process of change
Wie weit reicht das Lebensinteresse des Einzelnen in der Medizin?
Authors: Kupatt Christian 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Wolfgang Huber recently reflected on current frontiers in medicine and exemplified the need for ethical boundaries especially in the case of the brain death definition, which appears to him to meet rather medical interests than the needs of human dignity. In contrast, this article describes the complex interdependence of medical innovation and ethical thinking in the development of the brain death definition in the USA. In this case, human dignity seems to be mediated with the individual life interest at specifice intermediate Ievels, which are lying between the basic philosophical and the specific medical sphere. This may have helped to avoid disagreements caused by the various approaches of medical and ethical professionals and laymen.
Leibhaftes Verstehen
Authors: Korsch Dietrich 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
ltending an evaluation of principles guiding psychotherapeutic consulting within the framework of the church, the article reviews Schleiermacher's conception of hermeneutics exposing three theses. (1) The background ofany kind ofunderstanding between psychological individuals is ofreligious determination. (2) Schleiermacher's practical scheme of hermeneutics shows a way how to overcome the always threaening danger of misunderstanding. (3) Psychotherapeutically engaged consulting offered by the church relates the difficulties of (self-)understanding to basically religious insights. By this way it serves human health of the dient in general.
Gewissen und Recht: Ethisch-theologische Aspekte zur Debatte über das Kirchenasyl
Authors: Schlag Themas 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Since relevant changes in German constitutionallaw concerning the guaranteed right of territorial asylum for political refugees have taken place, a widespread public debate on interpretation and institutional shaping of this fundamental human right can be registered. As a valid part in this debate, efforts from within the Church have been made to instaU a compensation for the diagnosed loss of lawfullness and to point out the present deficiency of the composed constitutional right, fixed in the new article 16 a of the Grundgesetz. These efforts, manifested in the specific form of sanctuary, put on the agenda the general question of the relevance of christian conscience within the public context.Reminding the protestant tradition of the concept of conscience and confronting it with the philosophical concept of recognition, it can be said that from a christian point of view, the engagement in keeping fundamental human rights established, is a constituent part both of christian self-understanding and meaningful existence in society.
Vom Umgang mit dem Lebensende
Authors: Maaser Wolfgang 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
In the context of the present debate on brain-death, the author explains how no criterion of death, which is valid once and for all, can be deduced from the Christian understanding of death and resurrection. Nevertheless, a number of anthropological criteria can be identified which could serve as a social-ethical orientation: The interaction of body and soul should not be understood monistically in the sense of a vitalistic or mechanistic concept of life. Institutions and individuals should allow for social comittment and solidarity during the process of dying in order to work against cultural fragmentation and isolation.
Menschenrechte zwischen Universalismus und Relativismus
Authors: Reuter Hans-Richard 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The universal applicability of human rights outside the circle of European culture is not only a subject of political controversy, but a challenge to political and moral theory, too. The contribution argues with three types of relativistic criticism of human rihgts' universality: ethical particularism, political realism, and cultural contextualism. Defending the intercultural validity of the human rights' concept, the author pleads for a threefold distincion: between the right and the good, between basic and derivative rights, between penultimate reasons of human rights and ultimate foundations to them.
Ökonomische Rationalität und die Integration moderner Gesellschaft
Authors: Wilhelms Günter 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The author reflects upon the tension between market-economy and modern welfare-state. Against this background he enters into the question on the relation between social ethics and sociological systemtheory. In bis essay the author promotes a twofold perspective: in a critical sensehe examines about the inner normativity of the sociological theory; in a constructive way he makes an normative use of the sociological view. Only in this twofold senseit is possible to discover and develop institutional arrangements, which not only result from the logic of economic rationality but give a link to creative and individual responsibility
Arbeitsmarkt und Sozialstaat – Eine Thesenreihe
Authors: Ruh Hans 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The essay starts with a strong thesis: the Iimits of labour-society force to renunciation of the aitn at full employment. Instead of this the relation between job-employment and other forms of work and activities have be rearranged. The new arrangement needs a new concept of social basis-security: a new form of citizen-income. The author unfolds a set of proposals to explain his concept.
Beistand im Sterben oder Hilfe zum Sterben Zur Differentialethik medizinischer Betreuungsverfügungen II
Authors: Sass Hans-Martin 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
This paper discusses ethical and theological issues of Sterbehilfe, assistance in the process of dying versus assistance to die, in particular the challenges of comfort care and palliative for the dying. Advance Directives are evaluated as instruments to establish patients preferences, to guide caregivers and physicians, and to honor patient~s values, visions and beliefs. It is recommended that churches and pastors take a lead in addressing these issues and help patients and their families in preparing for and executing Advance Directives, churches also should take a Iead in developing model forms. The appendix contains a sample of an integrated Patientenverfügrung, Advance Medical Directive including a durable power of attomey and a value-based wish-and-directive list, taking the German legal framework into account and based on monotheistic systems of regious orientation.
Religionsfreiheit und Rechtsgüterschutz. Strafrechtliche Aspekte von Sekten
Authors: Bottke Wilfried 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Religious sects and their practices have become highly topical in the recent past in Germany. The call for criminal sanctions in order to tackle actual or presumed misconduct is becoming louder and louder. The author, a criminal law professor, analyses the present discussion and puts it into a constitutional law perspective. Any civil society that aims to optimise the scope of the personal freedoms of its members must withstand the temptation of creating a special regime of criminal law rules just to combat religious sects and their practices. Criminal law has tobe applied uniformly in the whole society. Therfore, criminal sanctions can only be handed out, when practices infringe intolerably with the individual' s rights protected by the law.
Public Theology: The Moral Dimension of Religion in a Pluralistic Society
Authors: Thiemann Ronald F. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Der Autor behandelt die Frage, welche öffentliche Rolle Religion und Theologie unter den kulturellen Bedingungen des Pluralismus spielen können. Zwar muß eine demokratische Gesellschaft, die eine Pluralität von religiösen Bekenntnissen zulassen will, zwischen Politik und Religion eine Trennlinie ziehen. Nach der Überzeugung des Autors kommen aber die Demokratie und ihre öffentlichen Arenen nicht ohne ethische Bindungen aus, auch und gerade solche, die aus religiösen Wertüberzeugungen gespeist werden. Der Autor stellt sein in den USA lebhaft diskutiertes Konzept einer »Öffentlichen Theologie« vor.
Nachhaltigkeit. Methodische Probleme der Wirtschaftsethik
Authors: Lerch Achim , Nutzinger Hans G. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
After more than a decade of intensive discussion, the concept of »sustainable development still remains rather vague. However, a broad consent exists that sustainability implies intragenerational as well as intergenerational equity. Therefore, a policy for sustainability has to go beyond pareto-superiority and to face both queastions of distribution and of scale. This reveals that at the core of sustainability ethical problems are involved. Although the notion of sustainability cannot be used as a concrete recipe, as Karl Homann correctly observes, it has tobe clarified in ordertobe a useful regulative idea.
Schwangerschaftskonflikte im Zeitalter humangenetischer Diagnostik
Authors: Kuhlmann Helga 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Prenatal genetic analysis complicates problems of decision-making during pregnancy. After a brief summary of the new situation the article resumes the argumentation within the German feminist and the German church debate. The author proposes some activities for churches and theological arguments to support women's reproductive rights as well as the ebryos' right to live.
Tauschgerechtigkeit im Gesundheitssystem?
Authors: Dabrock Peter 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
This article offers a critical appreciation of a theory of justice puttoward by 0. Höffe. Höffe suggests that commutative justice forms the basis for every understanding of justice, not only in market relationships but also in the legal and social state. Beginning with Räffes' application of his theory to the health system, this article argues that Höffes' theory is not empirically sufficent; nor does it suffice in the discourse of Iegitimation for law and state. Distributive justice can only be excluded as the fundamental justice for legal and state function at the cost of participation and solidarity. The paradigm change for which Höffe calls cannot, therefore, count upon the support of Christian social ethics
Personwürde am Lebensbeginn
Authors: Kreß Hartmut 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Until the 19th and 20th century, philosophers, theologians, and lawmakers were uncertain at exactly which moment an embryo was to be fully considered a human individual. The modern natural scientists have made clear that an embryo is an individual human being as soon as the egg and the sperm cell have fused. Taking this into account the article discusses current problems of dealing with embryos. It focuses on the ethical problems created by pre-implantation diagnosis and human germline engineering. The author believes that under certain conditions it is ethically justifiable to use preimplantation diagnosis with embryos
Die Würde des gerechtfertigten Menschen
Authors: Anselm Reiner 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Human dignity is a prominent maxim in the contemporary ethical discussion in bioethics. In this debate the concept of human dignity acts as a warrant for human imperfection and fragility, particulary in the case of incapacitated, demented, or terminal ill persons. In this perspective the common foundations of human dignity, based on autonomy, capacity for rational thought, or man as imago dei, are deficient. As the above paper sketches, human dignity is to explain as a relational category rather than an intrinsic quality of men. In addition to this, such an understanding offers numerous links to the reformational doctrine of justification: The value of humans does not depend on their own faculties
>Starke< oder >schwache< Nachhaltigkeit?
Authors: Münk Hans J. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Worldwide implementation of the centrat concept sustainable development has given rise to very different interpretations, some extending to central issues within the field of ecological ethics. This is especially true of the two economic approaches termed >Strong< and >weak< sustainability. With reference to findings from economic and ecological research, this article endeavours to show that the outlined theological ethical basis negates reception of >weak< sustainability, whereas the >strong< sustainability theory merits interdisciplinary consideration through a theologically oriented ethics of sustainable development
Anmerkungen zu Begriff und Funktion einer gesellschaftsrelevanten Ethik
Authors: Walther Christian 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Social Ethics raised growing interest within the last fife decades ofthe 20th century. Mainly conceived as social criticism and theory of social change as well, this discipline became a major factor particularly in those church circles where ways were sought to express actively and effectively what was called »Christian social responsibility«. In the course of historic developments during recent years, however, it has become questionable of wether or not this concept of Social Ethics still meets what is needed to grant orientation in how to cope with problems that are caused by these developments in society. It therefore seems legitimate to evaluate the given concept of Social Ethics in order to find out to what extend its alteration is indicated. The essay proposes to seek an answer in the direction of conceiving Social Ethics as a shelter of different ethical approaches to scrutinise concrete developments in politics, economy and industry and their impacts on the conditions of living in society