bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of electrospun polycarbosilane (PCS) nanofibrous web by needle-less technique
Authors: Sinha Mukesh Kumar , Das Biswa Ranjan , Mishra Raghwesh , Ranjan Ashok , Srivastava Anurag , Saxena Arvind Kumar 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis study reports on the various functional characteristics of silicon carbide (SiC) nanofibrous web. The SiC nanofibrous web was spun by the electrospinning technique using Nano Spider (needle-less) machine. The as-spun nanofibrous web was cured to 180°C and subsequently, pyrolized at 1000°C under inert nitrogen (N2) atmosphere to convert into silicon carbide nanofibrous web. The various properties of SiC web is characterized by using FESEM, Thermal Analysis, X-ray Diffraction, Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDX), Atomic Force Microscopy and Surface Profilomertry. FESEM microphotographs indicated the interconnected fibres leading to pores of prepared SiC Nanofibrous web. Deep rooted fibre surface porosity was revealed by AFM. The thermal behavior of as-spun, cured and pyrolized PCS webs are influenced by the heat treatment at different temperatures. The surface roughness changes with the heat treatment of PCS nanofibrous webs. The pyrolized web carries higher surface roughness as compared to as-spun and cured webs. The EDX plots indicated the presence of C and Si elements in pyrolized PCS nanofibrous web.
Transient bending analysis of a functionally graded circular plate with integrated surface piezoelectric layers
Authors: Jafari Ali Asghar , Jandaghian Ali Akbar , Rahmani Omid 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

Background
Thin and piezoelectric materials are widely used as sensors or actuators in smart structures by embedding or surface-mounted them.

Methods
This paper report on the exact, explicit solution for the transient bending of a circular functionally graded (FG) plates integrated with two uniformly distributed actuator layers made of piezoelectric material based on the classical plate theory (CPT). The material properties of the FG substrate plate are assumed to be graded in the thickness direction according to the power-law distribution in terms of the volume fractions of the constituents and the distribution of electric potential field along the thickness direction of piezoelectric layers is simulated by a quadratic function. The form of the electric potential field in the piezoelectric layer is considered such that the Maxwell static electricity equation is satisfied. The governing equations are solved for clamped and simply supported edge boundary condition of the circular plate. The solutions are expressed by elementary Bessel functions and derived via exact inverse Laplace transform.

Results and Conclusions
It is seen that the power index (g) and thickness of piezo-layer have significant effect on the deflection amplitude and natural frequency of piezo-FG plate.
Nanoclustering as a dominant feature of plasma membrane organization
Authors: Garcia-Parajo Maria F. , Cambi Alessandra , Torreno-Pina Juan A. , Thompson Nancy , Jacobson Ken 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACT
Early studies have revealed that some mammalian plasma membrane proteins exist in small nanoclusters. The advent of super-resolution microscopy has corroborated and extended this picture, and led to the suggestion that many, if not most, membrane proteins are clustered at the plasma membrane at nanoscale lengths. In this Commentary, we present selected examples of glycosylphosphatidyl-anchored proteins, Ras family members and several immune receptors that provide evidence for nanoclustering. We advocate the view that nanoclustering is an important part of the hierarchical organization of proteins in the plasma membrane. According to this emerging picture, nanoclusters can be organized on the mesoscale to form microdomains that are capable of supporting cell adhesion, pathogen binding and immune cell-cell recognition amongst other functions. Yet, a number of outstanding issues concerning nanoclusters remain open, including the details of their molecular composition, biogenesis, size, stability, function and regulation. Notions about these details are put forth and suggestions are made about nanocluster function and why this general feature of protein nanoclustering appears to be so prevalent.
Predictors of time to revision and clinical outcomes following revision of metal-on-metal hip replacements for adverse reaction to metal debris
Authors: Matharu G. S. , Pynsent P. B. , Sumathi V. P. , Mittal S. , Buckley C. D. , Dunlop D. J. , Revell P. A. , Revell M. P. 
Published: December 2014

We undertook a retrospective cohort study to determine clinical outcomes following the revision of metal-on-metal (MoM) hip replacements for adverse reaction to metal debris (ARMD), and to identify predictors of time to revision and outcomes following revision. Between 1998 and 2012 a total of 64 MoM hips (mean age at revision of 57.8 years; 46 (72%) female; 46 (72%) hip resurfacings and 18 (28%) total hip replacements) were revised for ARMD at one specialist centre. At a mean follow-up of 4.5 years (1.0 to 14.6) from revision for ARMD there were 13 hips (20.3%) with post-operative complications and eight (12.5%) requiring re-revision. The Kaplan–Meier five-year survival rate for ARMD revision was 87.9% (95% confidence interval 78.9 to 98.0; 19 hips at risk). Excluding re-revisions, the median absolute Oxford hip score (OHS) following ARMD revision using the percentage method (0% best outcome and 100% worst outcome) was 18.8% (interquartile range (IQR) 7.8% to 48.3%), which is equivalent to 39/48 (IQR 24.8/48 to 44.3/48) when using the modified OHS. Histopathological response did not affect time to revision for ARMD (p = 0.334) or the subsequent risk of re-revision (p = 0.879). Similarly, the presence or absence of a contralateral MoM hip bearing did not affect time to revision for ARMD (p = 0.066) or the subsequent risk of re-revision (p = 0.178). Patients revised to MoM bearings had higher rates of re-revision (five of 16 MoM hips re-revised; p = 0.046), but those not requiring re-revision had good functional results (median absolute OHS 14.6% or 41.0/48). Short-term morbidity following revision for ARMD was comparable with previous reports. Caution should be exercised when choosing bearing surfaces for ARMD revisions. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:1600–9.
Adverse reaction to metal debris is more common in patients following MoM total hip replacement with a 36 mm femoral head than previously thought
Authors: Lainiala O. , Eskelinen A. , Elo P. , Puolakka T. , Korhonen J. , Moilanen T. 
Published: December 2014

We conducted a retrospective study to assess the prevalence of adverse reactions to metal debris (ARMD) in patients operated on at our institution with metal-on-metal (MoM) total hip replacements with 36 mm heads using a Pinnacle acetabular shell. A total of 326 patients (150 males, 175 hips; 176 females, 203 hips) with a mean age of 62.7 years (28 to 85) and mean follow-up of 7.5 years (0.1 to 10.8) participating in our in-depth modern MoM follow-up programme were included in the study, which involved recording whole blood cobalt and chromium ion measurements, Oxford hip scores (OHS) and plain radiographs of the hip and targeted cross-sectional imaging. Elevated blood metal ion levels (> 5 parts per billion) were seen in 32 (16.1%) of the 199 patients who underwent unilateral replacement. At 23 months after the start of our modern MoM follow-up programme, 29 new cases of ARMD had been revealed. Hence, the nine-year survival of this cohort declined from 96% (95% CI 95 to 98) with the old surveillance routine to 86% (95% CI 82 to 90) following the new protocol. Although ARMD may not be as common in 36 mm MoM THRs as in those with larger heads, these results support the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency guidelines on regular reviews and further investigations, and emphasise the need for specific a follow-up programme for patients with MoM THRs. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014; 96-B:1610–17.
The usefulness of MRI and arthroscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of soft-tissue injuries associated with split-depression fractures of the lateral tibial condyle
Authors: Parkkinen M. , Madanat R. , Mäkinen T. J. , Mustonen A. , Koskinen S. K. , Lindahl J. 
Published: December 2014

The role of arthroscopy in the treatment of soft-tissue injuries associated with proximal tibial fractures remains debatable. Our hypothesis was that MRI over-diagnoses clinically relevant associated soft-tissue injuries. This prospective study involved 50 consecutive patients who underwent surgical treatment for a split-depression fracture of the lateral tibial condyle (AO/OTA type B3.1). The mean age of patients was 50 years (23 to 86) and 27 (54%) were female. All patients had MRI and arthroscopy. Arthroscopy identified 12 tears of the lateral meniscus, including eight bucket-handle tears that were sutured and four that were resected, as well as six tears of the medial meniscus, of which five were resected. Lateral meniscal injuries were diagnosed on MRI in four of 12 patients, yielding an overall sensitivity of 33% (95% confidence interval (CI) 11 to 65). Specificity was 76% (95% CI 59 to 88), with nine tears diagnosed among 38 menisci that did not contain a tear. MRI identified medial meniscal injuries in four of six patients, yielding an overall sensitivity of 67% (95% CI 24 to 94). Specificity was 66% (95% CI 50 to 79), with 15 tears diagnosed in 44 menisci that did not contain tears. MRI appears to offer only a marginal benefit as the specificity and sensitivity for diagnosing meniscal injuries are poor in patients with a fracture. There were fewer arthroscopically-confirmed associated lesions than reported previously in MRI studies. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:1631–6.
Field testing the Unified Classification System for periprosthetic fractures of the femur, tibia and patella in association with knee replacement
Authors: Van der Merwe J. M. , Haddad F. S. , Duncan C. P. 
Published: December 2014

The Unified Classification System (UCS) was introduced because of a growing need to have a standardised universal classification system of periprosthetic fractures. It combines and simplifies many existing classification systems, and can be applied to any fracture around any partial or total joint replacement occurring during or after operation. Our goal was to assess the inter- and intra-observer reliability of the UCS in association with knee replacement when classifying fractures affecting one or more of the femur, tibia or patella.We used an international panel of ten orthopaedic surgeons with subspecialty fellowship training and expertise in adult hip and knee reconstruction (‘experts’) and ten residents of orthopaedic surgery in the last two years of training (‘pre-experts’). They each received 15 radiographs for evaluation. After six weeks they evaluated the same radiographs again but in a different order.The reliability was assessed using the Kappa and weighted Kappa values.The Kappa values for inter-observer reliability for the experts and the pre-experts were 0.741 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.707 to 0.774) and 0.765 (95% CI 0.733 to 0.797), respectively. The weighted Kappa values for intra-observer reliability for the experts and pre-experts were 0.898 (95% CI 0.846 to 0.950) and 0.878 (95% CI 0.815 to 0.942) respectively.The UCS has substantial inter-observer reliability and ‘near perfect’ intra-observer reliability when used for periprosthetic fractures in association with knee replacement in the hands of experienced and inexperienced users.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:1669–73.
Increased risk of failure following revision total knee replacement in patients aged 55 years and younger
Authors: Stambough J. B. , Clohisy J. C. , Barrack R. L. , Nunley R. M. , Keeney J. A. 
Published: December 2014

The aims of this retrospective study were to compare the mid-term outcomes following revision total knee replacement (TKR) in 76 patients (81 knees) < 55 years of age with those of a matched group of primary TKRs based on age, BMI, gender and comorbid conditions. We report the activity levels, functional scores, rates of revision and complications. Compared with patients undergoing primary TKR, those undergoing revision TKR had less improvement in the mean Knee Society function scores (8.14 (–55 to +60) vs 23.3 points (–40 to +80), p < 0.001), a similar improvement in UCLA activity level (p = 0.52), and similar minor complication rates (16% vs 13%, p = 0.83) at a mean follow-up of 4.6 years (2 to 13.4). Further revision surgery was more common among revised TKRs (17% vs 5%, p = 0.02), with deep infection and instability being the most common reasons for failure. As many as one-third of patients aged < 55 years in the revision group had a complication or failure requiring further surgery.Young patients undergoing revision TKR should be counselled that they can expect somewhat less improvement and a higher risk of complications than occur after primary TKR.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014; 96-B:1657–62
Mineralogical and Isotopic Record of Diagenesis from the Opalinus Clay Formation at Benken, Switzerland: Implications for the Modeling of Pore-Water Chemistry in a Clay Formation
Authors: Lerouge Catherine , Grangeon Sylvain , Claret Francis , Gaucher Eric , Blanc Philippe , Guerrot Catherine , Flehoc Christine , Wille Guillaume , Mazurek Martin 
Published: December 2014

AbstractArgillaceous rocks are considered to be a suitable geological barrier for the long-term containment of wastes. Their efficiency at retarding contaminant migration is assessed using reactive-transport experiments and modeling, the latter requiring a sound understanding of pore-water chemistry. The building of a pore-water model, which is mandatory for laboratory experiments mimicking in situ conditions, requires a detailed knowledge of the rock mineralogy and of minerals at equilibrium with present-day pore waters. Using a combination of petrological, mineralogical, and isotopic studies, the present study focused on the reduced Opalinus Clay formation (Fm) of the Benken borehole (30 km north of Zurich) which is intended for nuclear-waste disposal in Switzerland. A diagenetic sequence is proposed, which serves as a basis for determining the minerals stable in the formation and their textural relationships. Early cementation of dominant calcite, rare dolomite, and pyrite formed by bacterial sulfate reduction, was followed by formation of iron-rich calcite, ankerite, siderite, glauconite, (Ba, Sr) sulfates, and traces of sphalerite and galena. The distribution and abundance of siderite depends heavily on the depositional environment (and consequently on the water column). Benken sediment deposition during Aalenian times corresponds to an offshore environment with the early formation of siderite concretions at the water/sediment interface at the fluctuating boundary between the suboxic iron reduction and the sulfate reduction zones. Diagenetic minerals (carbonates except dolomite, sulfates, silicates) remained stable from their formation to the present. Based on these mineralogical and geochemical data, the mineral assemblage previously used for the geochemical model of the pore waters at Mont Terri may be applied to Benken without significant changes. These further investigations demonstrate the need for detailed mineralogical and geochemical study to refine the model of pore-water chemistry in a clay formation.
Synthesis of the new heterocyclic system 7,8-dihydro-6H-benzotetrazolothiadiazine and derivatives
Authors: Rezaeian Shima , Rahimizadeh Mohammad , Eshghi Hossein , Bakavoli Mehdi , Haghbin Kamahldin , Saadatmandzadeh Mohammad 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
New N,N-disubstituted 7,7-dimethyl-7,8-dihydro-6H-benzotetrazolothiadiazine-9-amines were synthesized from sodium 1-amino-1H-tetrazole-5-thiolate and 2-bromo-5,5-dimethylcyclohexane-1,3-dione in multiple steps. The compounds were characterized by 13C NMR, 1H NMR, IR, MS, and elemental analysis.
Reaction of hydrazones derived from electron-deficient ketones with Vilsmeier-Haack reagent
Authors: Ivonin Sergey P. , Kurpil’ Bohdan B. , Grygorenko Oleksandr O. , Volochnyuk Dmitry M. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Reaction of hydrazones derived from ketones bearing an acceptor substituent adjacent to the carbonyl group (α,α,α-trifluoroacetone and ethyl pyruvate) with Vilsmeier-Haack reagent was studied. In most cases, the method allows for regioselective preparation of 1,3-disubstituted pyrazole-4-carbaldehydes – the products of initial C-electrophilic attack, although in one case, the product resulting from concurrent N- and C-attacks of the electrophile at the hydrazone moiety is observed. Under analogous conditions, the reaction of N-arylhydrazone derived from butanedione leads to the formation of 3-chloro-3-(1-arylpyrazol-3-yl)acrylaldehyde – the product of double formylation at both ketone and hydrazone moieties of the starting material.
A typological sketch of affricates
Authors: Berns Janine 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis article presents a typological overview of affricates. The inventories of languages in the genetically balanced UPSID 1992 survey are examined with respect to different distributional characteristics of affricates, like place of articulation, voicing, and segmental attributes. Moreover, the relation between affricates, plosives, and fricatives is considered. Independently of any particular formal modelling, this study aims to provide a picture of the crosslinguistic patterns of affricates, a category presenting many a challenge to phonological analysis and theory.
Evaluation of Corneal Changes After Conventional Versus Accelerated Corneal Cross-linking: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Hashemian Hesam , Jabbarvand Mahmoud , Khodaparast Mehdi , Ameli Kambiz 
Published: December 2014

PURPOSE:
To evaluate the outcome of accelerated and conventional corneal cross-linking (CXL) procedures regarding their effect on morphological and optical properties of the cornea.

METHODS:
One hundred fifty-three eyes of 153 patients were evaluated before and during a 15-month follow-up period after CXL (76 eyes in the conventional group and 77 eyes in the accelerated group). Measured variables include corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), refraction, maximum keratometry, endothelial cell density, anterior and posterior stromal keratocyte density, and subbasal nerve density. All variables were compared between the two study groups.

RESULTS:
Cylindrical and spherical components of refraction improved significantly during 15 months of follow-up. No difference was observed between the two study groups. UDVA and CDVA improved in the same manner, with no intergroup differences. Endothelial cell density did not change significantly during the follow-up period in either group. K-max increased slightly in the first month of the follow-up, but started to decrease at postoperative visits without any significant difference in the two groups. Anterior stromal keratocyte density and subbasal nerve density decreased significantly in both groups 1 month postoperatively. Both variables had a more significant decrease in the conventional group at all visits before the 1-year visit. At the final 15-month visit, there were no significant differences in any value between the two groups.

CONCLUSIONS:
Accelerated and conventional CXL seem to have a comparable and acceptable effect on keratoconus in the short-term follow-up period.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2014;30(12):837–842.]
Ricci Curvature Tensor and Non-Riemannian Quantities
Authors: Li Benling , Shen Zhongmin 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThere are several notions of Ricci curvature tensor in Finsler geometry and spray geometry. One of them is defined by the Hessian of the well-known Ricci curvature. In this paper we will introduce a new notion of Ricci curvature tensor and discuss its relationship with the Ricci curvature and some non-Riemannian quantities. Using this Ricci curvature tensor, we shall have a better understanding of these non-Riemannian quantities.
Problems of Steinbeck's Poetics:
Authors: Petty Alesya 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
This article highlights Steinbeck's early experiments with form, style, and characterization and explores possible interpretations of his work as modernist. By using Mikhail Bakhtin's concept of polyphony to determine structural and thematic dimensions in The Pastures of Heaven, this study analyzes the ways in which Steinbeck developed the genre of short-story novel or cycle, expanded the range of depiction of personality types, advocated contemporary changes in moral norms, and brought to light historical conflicts.
Le « nouvel ordre » du programme de Bad Godesberg. Sociologie d’une construction sociale de l’économie
Authors: Fertikh Karim 
Published: December 2014

À partir d’une enquête sociohistorique sur le programme de Bad Godesberg du Parti social-démocrate allemand (1959), l’article met en évidence la manière dont se fabriquent des conceptions alternatives de l’ordre économique et social. Les représentations de la société et de l’économie contenues dans ce programme reprennent des savoirs institués propres aux milieux professionnels dans lesquels évoluent les économistes qui collaborent pour produire le programme. L’article insiste sur le lien de ces économistes sociaux-démocrates avec l’« économie collective » centrée sur les entreprises publiques et les coopératives. En analysant ce programme généralement considéré comme le signe de ralliement au capitalisme du SPD, l’article veut mettre en avant les apports d’une sociohistoire des idées politiques à la compréhension de la formation de l’offre politique.
Syntax or nothing: Some theoretical and empirical remarks on implicit arguments
Authors: Saab Andres 
Published: December 2014

<p>I show that core implicit subjects in Spanish (i.e., the ones that occur with analytical passives, impersonal <em>se</em>, and causatives) can be derived from a theory under which absence of <em>Merge</em> in external subject position is a possible syntactic output. Core implicit arguments then have no syntactic representation (<em>pace</em> Landau 2010). Absence of <em>Merge</em> can make to arise two different scenarios: (i) a conflict at the interfaces, which requires the implementation of some repair strategy, (ii) no conflict at the interfaces; i.e., a legitimate object at the interfaces. The first scenario is illustrated with reference to the so-called impersonal <em>se</em> in Spanish, and the second one with reference to analytical passives. The proposed system is able to capture a set of very intricate facts that does not have a satisfactory solution hitherto. Crucially, this particular view on implicit arguments, together with a purely syntactic theory of argument structure, derives the full distribution of impersonals and reflexives in <em>hacer</em> ‘to make’ causative contexts. Finally, it is shown that the arbitrary readings that the two scenarios above described display have a different source: whereas impersonal <em>se</em> requires (costly) default computation at the interface, arbitrary interpretations in analytical passives are calculated at the <em>v</em>P level. </p>
Barnard,GeorgeAlfred
Authors: Lindley Dennis V. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractG.A. Barnard (1915–2002) was a prominent British statistician, holding professorships at Imperial College London and the University of Essex. He was a strong proponent of the use of likelihood as a central feature of statistical inference, leading to the likelihood principle, and stressed the importance of conjugate distributions in Bayesian theory. Another interest was industrial inspection and quality control.