bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An efficient methodology for simulating earthquake‐induced 3D pounding of buildings
Authors: Polycarpou Panayiotis C. , Papaloizou Loizos , Komodromos Petros 
Published: November 2013

SUMMARYThe current paper presents an efficient methodology for numerically simulating in three dimensions adjacent buildings that may experience pounding during strong earthquakes. In particular, a new approach to the numerical problem of spatial impact modeling that does not require the ‘a priori’ determination of the contact points is presented, taking also into account the geometry at the vicinity of an impact. In the current study, the buildings are simulated as linear multi‐degree‐of‐freedom‐systems, but the methodology can be easily extended to consider nonlinear behavior as well. A software application has been specifically developed to implement the proposed methodology, using modern object‐oriented design and programming. The developed software is utilized in a simple example, and the computed results are compared with the corresponding analysis results obtained from a commercial general‐purpose software application that uses typical contact elements for the simulation of impacts. A discussion follows on the advantages and capabilities of the proposed methodology and the developed software. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Test–retest reliability of fMRI activation generated by different saccade tasks
Authors: Lukasova Katerina , Sommer Jens , Nucci‐da‐Silva Mariana P. , Vieira Gilson , Blanke Marius , Bremmer Frank , Sato João R. , Kircher Tilo , Amaro Edson 
Published: November 2013

PurposeTo assess the reproducibility of brain‐activation and eye‐movement patterns in a saccade paradigm when comparing subjects, tasks, and magnetic resonance (MR) systems.Materials and MethodsForty‐five healthy adults at two different sites (n = 45) performed saccade tasks with varying levels of target predictability: predictable (PRED), position predictable (pPRED), time predictable (tPRED), and prosaccade (SAC). Eye‐movement pattern was tested with a repeated‐measures analysis of variance. Activation maps reproducibility were estimated with the cluster overlap Jaccard index and signal variance coefficient of determination for within‐subjects test–retest data, and for between‐subjects data from the same and different sites.ResultsIn all groups latencies increased with decreasing target predictability: PRED < pPRED < tPRED < SAC (P < 0,001). Activation overlap was good to fair (>0.40) in all tasks in the within‐subjects test–retest comparisons and poor (<0.40) in the tPRED for different subjects. The overlap of the different tasks for within‐groups data was higher (0.40–0.68) than for the between‐groups data (0.30–0.50). Activation consistency was 60–85% in the same subjects, 50–79% in different subjects, and 50–80% in different sites. In SAC, the activation found in the same and in different subjects was more consistent than in other tasks (50–80%).ConclusionThe predictive saccade tasks produced evidence for brain‐activation and eye‐movement reproducibility. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;40:37–46. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Association between leaflet fusion pattern and thoracic aorta morphology in patients with bicuspid aortic valve
Authors: Merritt Bryce A. , Turin Alexander , Markl Michael , Malaisrie S. Chris , McCarthy Patrick M. , Carr James C. 
Published: November 2013

PurposeTo determine if patients with certain bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) phenotypes are predisposed to particular morphological abnormalities of the thoracic aorta.Materials and MethodsOne hundred ninety‐two patients with BAV who underwent magnetic resonance angiography between January 2007 and July 2010 were retrospectively identified. Aortic morphology was examined through measurements of aortic size index at nine levels along the thoracic aorta, three‐dimensional volume of the ascending aorta, vessel asymmetry, and assessment of aortic root morphology.ResultsWe found 140 patients (73%) with right and left coronary cusps (R‐L) fusion, 46 patients (24%) with R‐N fusion, and 6 patients (3%) with left and noncoronary cusps (L‐N) fusion. Mean aortic volume in the proximal ascending aorta was significantly greater in R‐L patients (0.93 versus 0.60 cm3/m2; P < 0.01). R‐N patients possessed greater aortic size index at the distal ascending aorta and proximal aortic arch, and were also significantly more likely to have Type 2 patterns of aortic dilatation.ConclusionOur results suggest that BAV with R‐L fusion is associated with increased dimensions of the aortic root, while BAV with R‐N fusion is associated with increased dimensions of the distal ascending aorta and proximal arch. Our findings illustrate the morphological heterogeneity that exists among BAV phenotypes. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;40:294–300. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ultrafast volumetric B1+ mapping for improved radiofrequency shimming in 3 tesla body MRI
Authors: Sprinkart Alois M. , Nehrke Kay , Träber Frank , Block Wolfgang , Gieseke Jürgen , Schmitz Georg , Willinek Winfried A. , Schild Hans , Börnert Peter 
Published: November 2013

PurposeTo evaluate the use of the recently proposed ultrafast B1+ mapping approach DREAM (Dual Refocusing Echo Acquisition Mode) for a refinement of patient adaptive radiofrequency (RF) shimming.Materials and MethodsVolumetric DREAM B1+ calibration scans centered in the upper abdomen were acquired in 20 patients and three volunteers with written informed consent at a clinical dual source 3 Tesla (T) MR system. Based on these data, RF transmit settings were optimized by central‐slice based RF‐shimming (CS‐RF shim) and by a refined, multi‐slice adaptive approach (MS‐RF shim). Simulations were performed to compare flip angle accuracy and B1+ homogeneity (cv = stddev/mean) achieved by CS‐RF shim versus MS‐RF shim for transversal and coronal slices, and for volume shimming on the spine.ResultsBy MS‐RF shim, mean deviation from nominal flip angle was reduced to less than 11% in all slices, all targets, and all subjects. Relative improvements in B1+ cv (MS‐RF shim versus CS‐RF) were up to 14%/39%/47% in transversal slices/coronal slices/ spine area.ConclusionVolumetric information about B1+ can be used to further improve the accuracy and homogeneity of the B1+ field yielding higher diagnostic confidence, and will also be of value for various quantitative methods which are sensitive to flip angle imperfections. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;40:857–863. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fatty acid specificity ofT1lipase and its potential in acylglycerol synthesis
Authors: Qin Xiao‐Li , Lan Dong‐Ming , Zhong Jin‐Feng , Liu Lu , Wang Yong‐Hua , Yang Bo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDT1lipase has received considerable attention due to its thermostability. Fatty acid specificity ofT1lipase (crude and purified) was investigated, and its potential in the synthesis of acylglycerols was also evaluated.RESULTSFatty acid specificity ofT1lipase (crude and purified) was investigated in the esterification of fatty acids (C6:0 toC18:3), suggesting that crude and purifiedT1lipase had the lowest preference forC18:0 [specificity constant (1/α) = 0.08] followed byC18:1 (1/α= 0.12) and showed the highest preference forC8:0 (1/α= 1). A structural model was constructed to briefly explore interactions between the lipase and its substrate. Furthermore, crudeT1lipase‐catalysed synthesis of diacylglycerols (DAGs) and monoacylglycerols (MAGs) by esterification of glycerol withC18:1 was studied for evaluating its potential in acylglycerols synthesis. The optimal conditions were glycerol/oleic acid molar ratio 5:1, the lipase concentration 9.7 U g−1of substrates, water content 50 g kg−1of substrates and temperature 50 °C, which yielded 42.25%DAGs, 26.34%MAGsand 9.18% triacylglycerols at 2 h.CONCLUSIONDAGsandMAGswere synthesised in good yields althoughC18:1 (a much poorer substrate) was used. Our work demonstrates thatT1lipase, which was discovered to show 1,3‐regio‐selectivity, is a promising biocatalyst for lipids modification. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Ultrashort‐Pulse Laser Structuring of Thin‐Film Solar Modules
Authors: Letsch Andreas , Ametowobla Mawuli , Bartl Dominik , Nolte Stefan , Peschel Thomas 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA thin‐film photovoltaic module is made up of individual solar cells, which are monolithically connected in series via micro scribing. Depending on the semiconductor material used for electric energy production, the connection today can be made by lasers or mechanical tools. Of all thin‐film technologies, it just happens to be CIGS technology with its high potential in terms of efficiency which is nowadays wasting power. This is because two of three structures are scribed with a mechanical tool thus loosing valuable module surface. This article presents first results of a completely laser‐connected CIGS module from the BMBF‐funded joint research program T4nPV as well as fundamental investigations of laser‐based scribing processes.
Clean Surface Required
Authors: Bergfeld Stefan 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe market for devices that use organic electronics is continuously growing. The OLED display used in many modern smartphones is only one example. Methods such as lithography and reactive ion etching were used during development in the lab and in pilot production. However, these methods are feasible on the lab scale but too expensive for mass production. In order to fulfill the high market requirements the production costs for such devices need to be reduced and the productivity increased. Due to the low running cost and high reproducibility of laser processes the laser allows cheaper production, higher up‐time and lower labor costs. The speed of laser processes is also scalable with laser power and repetition rate. Therefore the laser is especially suitable for high‐volume production.
Diode Lasers in Car‐Body Construction
Authors: Luft Axel 
Published: November 2013

AbstractFor more than twelve years, diode lasers are used in series body manufacturing. The first diode laser was installed for brazing tailgates in the Audi A3 in 2001. The most recent generation was introduced last year [1]. For the current model, diode lasers braze tailgates and now even produce the joints between roof and side panels (Fig. 1). A decade of applications in bodyshell work: what has changed in the meantime? How did diode lasers evolve? And what applications do diode lasers serve today?
Reliability analysis for multidisciplinary systems with the mixture of epistemic and aleatory uncertainties
Authors: Tao Y. R. , Han X. , Duan S. Y. , Jiang C. 
Published: November 2013

SUMMARYEpistemic and aleatory uncertain variables always exist in multidisciplinary system simultaneously and can be modeled by probability and evidence theories, respectively. The propagation of uncertainty through coupled subsystem and the strong nonlinearity of the multidisciplinary system make the reliability analysis difficult and computational cost expensive. In this paper, a novel reliability analysis procedure is proposed for multidisciplinary system with epistemic and aleatory uncertain variables. First, the probability density function of the aleatory variables is assumed piecewise uniform distribution based on Bayes method, and approximate most probability point is solved by equivalent normalization method. Then, important sampling method is used to calculate failure probability and its variance and variation coefficient. The effectiveness of the procedure is demonstrated by two numerical examples. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Wie die Meeresspiegel steigen
Authors: Asmus Jörg 
Published: November 2013

AbstractDie Meereshöhen auf nahezu der gesamten Erdoberfläche können nur ozeanographische Satelliten wie Jason hoch präzise erfassen. Diese Daten geben genaue Informationen über die lokalen Veränderungen der Meeresspiegel und Meeresströmungen. Sie sind zum einen für die maritime Meteorologie wichtig, etwa für die Routenberatung von Schiffen. Zum anderen zeigen sie, wo und wie stark der vom Menschen verursachte Klimawandel die lokalen Meeresspiegel anwachsen lässt. Global steigt der Meeresspiegel derzeit im Mittel um 3, 18 mm pro Jahr. In einigen Gebieten im Pazifik sind es sogar 10 mm pro Jahr. Inselstaaten, deren Einwohner auf flachen Atollen leben, müssen auf die Folgen des Klimawandels reagieren
Paradoxe Schatten
Authors: Ucke Christian , Schlichting Hans Joachim 
Published: November 2013

AbstractEine helle Lichtquelle kann unter gewissen Bedingungen von einem im Wasser schwimmenden Ball gleichzeitig mehrere Schatten auf dem Grund erzeugen. Dieser sogenannte Shadow‐Sausage‐Effekt wurde zwar schon 1967 publiziert, ist jedoch insbesondere mit einem kugelförmigen Objekt wenig bekannt.
Stimmiges Klavier
Authors: Mathelitsch Leopold , Verovnik Ivo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn Pianos sorgen schwingende Saiten für den Klang, wobei für mittlere Töne zwei und höhere Töne drei Saiten zuständig sind. Für einen vollen Ton müssen diese leicht gegeneinander verstimmt sein. Vor allem müssen aber sämtliche Tonintervalle gegenüber dem physikalisch reinen Intervall leicht verstimmt werden. Dies erfordern erstens die Tonartwechsel der klassischen und modernen Musik. Wegen der anharmonischen Obertöne der Stahlsaiten wirkt zweitens nur so der Gesamtklang des Instruments harmonisch.
Supraleitung – eiskalt serviert
Authors: Jacobi Manfred 
Published: November 2013

AbstractDer letzte Physiknobelpreis vor Ausbruch des Ersten Weltkrieges ging an den niederländischen Physiker Heike Kamerlingh Onnes (1853–1926) für seine Arbeiten über die Eigenschaften von Körpern bei niedrigen Temperaturen und seine Herstellung von flüssigem Helium.
James Bond und die zerplatzenden Christbaumkugeln
Authors: Vollmer Michael , Möllmann Klaus‐Peter 
Published: November 2013

AbstractRohe Eier oder wassergefüllte Christbaumkugeln platzen beim Eindringen des Projektils einer Luftpistole. Dieser Vorgang lässt sich einfach durch die sehr geringe Kompressibilität des Wassers und eine damit verbundene starke Druckerhöhung erklären (Physik in unserer Zeit 2013, 44(5), 251). Eine genaue Analyse aller Vorgänge sollte aber auch Fragen beantworten wie: Spielen vorhandene Luftblasen in der Flüssigkeit eine Rolle? Wie lange dauert es bis zum Aufplatzen, und muss die wassergefüllte Kugel eigentlich fest verschlossen sein?
Beschleunigungspfeile mit AccelVisu
Authors: Wilhelm Thomas , Lück Stephan , Kuhn Jochen 
Published: November 2013

AbstractMit dem App AccelVisu für iPhone und iPod touch steht eine Möglichkeit zur Verfügung, gleichzeitig Richtung und Betrag einer beschleunigten Bewegungen direkt sichtbar zu machen. Dies kann sehr aufschlussreich für das grundlegende Verständnis von Beschleunigungen sein.
Electron spin resonance study on pure single crystalline sapphire
Authors: Hori Masahiro , Fukumoto Nobuhiro , Ono Yukinori , Chikaoka Ryo , Moriwaki Shigenori , Mio Norikatsu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractParamagnetic spin is investigated using electron spin resonance technique at room temperature for a pure sapphire, or single crystalline sapphire that is made without any intentional doping. In particular, the spin density of the pure sapphire is compared with that of a commercial available sapphire. Four kinds of signals are detected for commercially available sapphire, all of which have spin density on the order of 1015 cm‐3. It is found that for the pure sapphire, one of them is missing and rest of the three have lower density on the order of 1014 cm‐3 or lower. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Evaluation of β‐FeSi2/Si‐interface using Ag‐coating on Si surface
Authors: Akiyama Kensuke , Motomura Shunichi , Hayashi Gohei , Funakubo Hiroshi , Itakura Masaru 
Published: November 2013

Abstractβ‐FeSi2 films preferred to (100)‐, (010)/(001)‐ and (101)/(110)‐orientation on Ag‐coated Si(100), Ag‐coated Si(110) and Ag‐coated Si(111) substrates, respectively. The full width at half maximum of the rocking curve of the β‐FeSi2 800, 040 /004 and 202 /220 for the (100)‐, (010)/(001)‐ and (101)/(110)‐oriented β‐FeSi2 films were 0.59°, 0.20° and 0.18°, indicating the good perfect quality of the crystal orientation. The photoluminescence intensity of the (101)/(110)‐orientated β‐FeSi2 films on Ag‐coated Si(111) substrates was larger than the others, when the samples were indirectly excited by Ar‐ion laser irradiation to the Si substrate side. The hetero‐interface constituted with the β‐FeSi2 (101)/(110) plane and Si(111) plane seems to have the lowest density of non‐radiative center. From the transmission electron microscope analysis, the hetero‐interface constituted with the β‐FeSi2 (101)/(110) plane and Si(111) plane is considered as thermodynamically stable. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Cytoplasmic intron retention, function, splicing, and the sentinel RNA hypothesis
Authors: Buckley Peter T. , Khaladkar Mugdha , Kim Junhyong , Eberwine James 
Published: November 2013

Cytoplasmic splicing represents a newly emerging level of transcriptional regulation adding to the molecular diversity of mammalian cells. As examples of this noncanonical form of transcript processing are discovered, the evidence of its importance to normal cellular function grows. Work from a number of groups using a variety of cell types is steadily identifying a large number of transcripts (and soon to be even larger as genome‐wide analyses of retained introns across a number of cellular phenotypes are currently underway) that undergo some level of regulated endogenous extranuclear splicing as part of their normal biosynthetic pathway. Here, we review the existing data covering cytoplasmic retained intron sequences and suggest that such sequences may be a component of ‘sentinel RNA’ that serves to generate transcript variants within the cytoplasm as well as a source for RNA‐based secondary messages. WIREs RNA 2014, 5:223–230. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1203This article is categorized under:

RNA Processing > Splicing Mechanisms
RNA Processing > Splicing Regulation/Alternative Splicing
RNA Methods > RNA Analyses in Cells
Dissolution of Soap Scum by Surfactant Part I: Effects of Chelant and Type of Soap Scum
Authors: Itsadanont Sawwalak , Scamehorn John F. , Soontravanich Sukhwan , Sabatini David A. , Chavadej Sumaeth 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe equilibrium solubilities of two model soap scums [calcium stearate and magnesium stearate: Ca(C18)2 and Mg(C18)2] were measured in aqueous solutions containing three different types of surfactants: methyl ester sulfonate (MES) as an anionic; alcohol ethoxylate (EO9) as a nonionic; and dimethyldodecylamine oxide (DDAO) as an amphoteric with and without a chelating agent [disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (Na2EDTA)]. The solubility of calcium soap scum was generally higher than that of magnesium soap scum, the exception being some DDAO systems. The use of the DDAO surfactant with the Na2EDTA chelating agent at high pH gives the highest solubilities of both studied soap scums. The soap scum solubility is on the order of 2,000 times that in water at high pH. The DDAO is the most effective surfactant under all conditions. The MES is more effective than the EO9 at low pH with the opposite trend observed at high pH. The synergism from added chelant is generally greater at higher pH and is greatest for DDAO followed by EO9.
Determination and Structural Elucidation of Triacylglycerols in Krill Oil by Chromatographic Techniques
Authors: Araujo Pedro , Zhu Han , Breivik Joar Fjørtoft , Hjelle Jan Idar , Zeng Yingxu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe content of triacylglycerols (TAG) in krill oil is generally omitted from the labels of commercial supplements and unacknowledged in studies aimed at proving its health benefits. The present study demonstrates that TAG compounds, in addition to phospholipids and lysophospholipids, are an important lipid class in pure krill oil. The fatty acid composition of TAG molecules from krill oil and their distribution on the backbone of TAG structures were determined by gas chromatography and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric, respectively. The content of omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n‐3 PUFA) was similar to those reported in the literature for fish oil. It was estimated that 21 % of n‐3 PUFA were at the sn‐2 position of TAG structures. To our knowledge, this is the first determination and structural characterization of TAG in pure krill oil supplements.
Exogenous Sphingosine 1‐Phosphate Protects Murine Splenocytes Against Hypoxia‐Induced Injury
Authors: Chawla Sonam , Sahni Chayanika , Tulsawani Rajkumar , Singh Mrinalini , Saraswat Deepika , Bansal Anju , Saxena Shweta 
Published: November 2013

AbstractSphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P), a biologically active pleiotropic lipid, is involved in several physiological processes especially in the area of vascular biology and immunology encompassing cell survival, angiogenesis, vascular tone, immune response etc. by interacting with specific cell surface receptors. Hypoxia, a condition common to innumerable pathologies, is known to lethally affect cell survival by throwing off balance global gene expression, redox homeostasis, bioenergetics etc. Several molecular events of cellular adaptations to hypoxia have been closely linked to stabilization of hypoxia inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α). Signalling functions of S1P in physiological events central to hypoxia‐induced pathologies led us to investigate efficacy of exogenous S1P in preconditioning murine splenocytes to sustain during cellular stress associated with sub‐optimal oxygen. The present study recapitulated the pro‐survival benefits of exogenous S1P under normobaric hypoxia. Results indicate a direct effect of S1P supplementation on boosting cellular adaptive responses via HIF‐1α stabilization and, activation of pro‐survival mediators ERK and Akt. Overwhelming anti‐oxidative and anti‐inflammatory benefits of S1P preconditioning could also be captured in the present study, as indicated by improved redox homeostasis, reduced oxidative damage, balanced anti/pro‐inflammatory cytokine profiles and temporal regulation of nitric oxide secretion and intra‐cellular calcium release. Hypoxia induced cell death and the associated stress in cellular milieu in terms of oxidative damage and inflammation could be alleviated with exogenous S1P preconditioning.
ENTITLEMENT AND MUTUALLY RECOGNIZED REASONABLE DISAGREEMENT
Authors: Hazlett Allan 
Published: November 2013

AbstractMost people not only think that it is possible for reasonable people to disagree, but that it is possible for people to recognize that they are parties to a reasonable disagreement. The aim of this paper is to explain how such mutually recognized reasonable disagreements are possible. I appeal to an “entitlement claim” which implies a form of relativism about reasonable belief, based on the idea that whether a belief is reasonable for a person can depend on the fact that she has inherited a particular worldview from her community.