bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utilization of cross‐matched or HLA‐matched platelets for patients refractory to platelet transfusion
Authors: Rioux‐Massé Benjamin , Cohn Claudia , Lindgren Bruce , Pulkrabek Shelly , McCullough Jeffrey 
Published: June 2014

BackgroundUse of cross matching or HLA matching for donor selection is the basis of managing patients refractory to platelet (PLT) transfusion. Because of changes in patient care, we evaluated the effect of cross matching and HLA matching in patients refractory to PLT transfusion.Study Design and MethodsWe identified all patients who received either HLA‐matched or cross‐matched PLTs during a 3‐year period at our medical center. Patient records were reviewed and laboratory data were collected. One‐ to 4‐hour corrected count increments (CCIs) were calculated for transfusions given up to 72 hours before receiving these specialized units and the HLA‐matched or cross‐matched units themselves.ResultsThirty‐two patients were identified who received a total of 354 PLT transfusions. Of these, 161 were from unselected apheresis, 152 were cross matched, and 41 were HLA selected. The median CCI for random‐donor transfusions was 0 (range, 0 × 109‐10.5 × 109/L), for cross‐matched PLT transfusions 1.7 × 109/L (0 × 109‐5.1 × 109/L), and for HLA‐matched transfusions 1.2 × 109/L (0 × 109‐13.9 × 109/L). Only 25 and 30% of cross‐match–compatible or HLA‐selected units, respectively, gave 1‐ to 4‐hour CCIs of more than 5.0 × 109/L compared to 12% of the transfusions from random donors. There were no significant differences in the 1‐ to 4‐hour CCIs when comparing random units with HLA‐selected or cross‐match–compatible units. There was also no significant difference when comparing the HLA‐matched and cross‐match–compatible PLT units with each other.ConclusionsThe use of cross‐match–compatible or HLA‐matched units did not provide better increments in PLT count when compared to random nonselected units. Clinical factors may overpower immunologic matching.
Bacteria Present in Carotid Arterial Plaques Are Found as Biofilm Deposits Which May Contribute to Enhanced Risk of Plaque Rupture
Authors: Lanter Bernard B. , Sauer Karin , Davies David G. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTAtherosclerosis, a disease condition resulting from the buildup of fatty plaque deposits within arterial walls, is the major underlying cause of ischemia (restriction of the blood), leading to obstruction of peripheral arteries, congestive heart failure, heart attack, and stroke in humans. Emerging research indicates that factors including inflammation and infection may play a key role in the progression of atherosclerosis. In the current work, atherosclerotic carotid artery explants from 15 patients were all shown to test positive for the presence of eubacterial 16S rRNA genes. Density gradient gel electrophoresis of 5 of these samples revealed that each contained 10 or more distinct 16S rRNA gene sequences. Direct microscopic observation of transverse sections from 5 diseased carotid arteries analyzed with a eubacterium-specific peptide nucleic acid probe revealed these to have formed biofilm deposits, with from 1 to 6 deposits per thin section of plaque analyzed. A majority, 93%, of deposits was located proximal to the internal elastic lamina and associated with fibrous tissue. In 6 of the 15 plaques analyzed, 16S rRNA genes fromPseudomonasspp. were detected.Pseudomonas aeruginosabiofilms have been shown in our lab to undergo a dispersion response when challenged with free ironin vitro. Iron is known to be released into the blood by transferrin following interaction with catecholamine hormones, such as norepinephrine. Experiments performedin vitroshowed that addition of physiologically relevant levels of norepinephrine induced dispersion ofP. aeruginosabiofilms when grown under low iron conditions in the presence but not in the absence of physiological levels of transferrin.IMPORTANCEThe association of bacteria with atherosclerosis has been only superficially studied, with little attention focused on the potential of bacteria to form biofilms within arterial plaques. In the current work, we show that bacteria form biofilm deposits within carotid arterial plaques, and we demonstrate that one species we have identified in plaques can be stimulatedin vitroto undergo a biofilm dispersion response when challenged with physiologically relevant levels of norepinephrine in the presence of transferrin. Biofilm dispersion is characterized by the release of bacterial enzymes into the surroundings of biofilm microcolonies, allowing bacteria to escape the biofilm matrix. We believe these enzymes may have the potential to damage surrounding tissues and facilitate plaque rupture if norepinephrine is able to stimulate biofilm dispersionin vivo. This research, therefore, suggests a potential mechanistic link between hormonal state and the potential for heart attack and stroke.
Acellular Pertussis Vaccines and Pertussis Resurgence: Revise or Replace?
Authors: Ausiello Clara Maria , Cassone Antonio 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT

The resurgence of pertussis (whooping cough) in countries with high vaccination coverage is alarming and invites reconsideration of the use of current acellular pertussis (aP) vaccines, which have largely replaced the old, reactogenic, whole-cell pertussis (wP) vaccine. Some drawbacks of these vaccines in terms of limited antigenic composition and early waning of antibody levels could be anticipated by the results of in-trial or postlicensure human investigations of B- and T-cell responses in aP versus wP vaccine recipients or unvaccinated, infected children. Recent data in experimental models, including primates, suggest that generation of vaccines capable of a potent, though regulated, stimulation of innate immunity driving effective, persistent adaptive immune responses against
Bordetella pertussis
infection should be privileged. Adjuvants that skew Th1/Th17 responses or new wP (detoxified or attenuated) vaccines should be explored. Nonetheless, the high merits of the current aP vaccines in persuading people to resume vaccination against pertussis should not be forgotten.
New Clues to Understanding HIV Nonprogressors: Low Cholesterol Blocks HIV
Trans
Infection
Authors: Prasad Vinayaka R. , Bukrinsky Michael I. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT

A small percentage of HIV-infected subjects (2 to 15%) are able to control disease progression for many years without antiretroviral therapy. Years of intense studies of virologic and immunologic mechanisms of disease control in such individuals yielded a number of possible host genes that could be responsible for the preservation of immune functions, from immune surveillance genes, chemokines, or their receptors to anti-HIV restriction factors. A recent
mBio
paper by Rappocciolo et al. (G. Rappocciolo, M. Jais, P. Piazza, T. A. Reinhart, S. J. Berendam, L. Garcia-Exposito, P. Gupta, and C. R. Rinaldo, mBio 5:e01031-13, 2014) describes another potential factor controlling disease progression: cholesterol levels in antigen-presenting cells. In this commentary, we provide a brief background of the role of cholesterol in HIV infection, discuss the results of the study by Rappocciolo et al., and present the implications of their findings.
Longitudinal changes in adiposity during adolescence: a population-based cohort
Authors: Araújo Joana , Barros Henrique , Severo Milton , Lopes Carla , Ramos Elisabete 
Published: June 2014

ObjectiveWe aimed to assess the trends in body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage (BF%) from the age of 13 to 17 years and to evaluate how sociodemographic and behavioural characteristics at the age of 13  impact changes in BMI and BF%.SettingPorto, Portugal.ParticipantsWe evaluated 1451 adolescents in a community-based cohort.Outcome measuresBMI z-scores were calculated according to CDC references. BF% was assessed by bioelectrical impedance. Variables with a significant effect in adiposity changes were identified through linear regression models. In girls, estimates were controlled for duration of follow-up, parental education, baseline BMI z-score, age at menarche and the interaction term baseline BMI z-score×age at menarche; in boys, adjustments were performed for duration of follow-up, parental education, baseline BMI z-score and the interaction term baseline BMI z-score×duration of follow-up.ResultsOn average, BMI z-score decreased from the age of 13 to 17 years (mean difference −0.20, 95% CI −0.23 to −0.16 among girls and −0.15, 95% CI −0.19 to −0.11 among boys). Accordingly, 12.4% of girls and 13% of boys moved to a lower BMI category and 2.2% of girls and 5.5% of boys to a higher category. There were sex differences in the significant determinants of adiposity trends. Among girls, BMI z-score significantly decreased with baseline BMI z-score (β=−0.163, 95% CI −0.204 to −0.122) and significantly increased with age at menarche (β=0.078, 95% CI 0.050 to 0.107). Results were similar for BF%. Among boys, BMI z-score significantly increased with higher parental BMI, and BF% decreased among those who wished to look larger at the age of 13 (β=−1.367, 95% CI −2.174 to −0.560), compared with those who were satisfied with their image.ConclusionsIn adolescents, ageing resulted in a decrease in BMI z-scores and BF%. BMI and BF% at the age of 13 were the major determinants of the observed trends. Our results suggest that adolescence is a possible specific time window for intervention.
The provision of spiritual and pastoral care following stillbirth in Ireland: a mixed methods study
Authors: Nuzum Daniel , Meaney Sarah , O'Donoghue Keelin 
Published: June 2014

BackgroundThe death of a baby is recognised as one of the most difficult bereavements with life-long impact for parents. How bereaved parents are cared for influences their grief journey. Optimal holistic care is provided when the physical, emotional, spiritual and social needs of parents are attended to. This study reviewed how spiritual care is provided to bereaved parents following stillbirth in maternity units in Ireland and the impact of stillbirth on healthcare chaplains.MethodsThis was a mixed methods study using semistructured qualitative interviews with hospital chaplains in Irish maternity units. Quantitative data about the provision of services to bereaved parents were collated from the interviews. Qualitative data were analysed thematically to identify key themes.Results20 chaplains from 17 units participated in the study (85% of Irish maternity units). 12 chaplains (60%) are formally accredited chaplains; only one has received specialist training in perinatal bereavement care. 11 chaplains (55%) provide follow-up bereavement care. Seven chaplains (35%) did not feel part of the multidisciplinary team. The main themes that emerged were the impact of stillbirth, suffering and the challenge to faith creating inner conflict and doubt.ConclusionsThe provision of spiritual care following stillbirth in Ireland is diverse. Spiritual care in this specialised area by chaplains who are not professionally trained and accredited potentially impacts quality and depth of care. Chaplains experience considerable impact and challenge to personal faith and belief as they provide care. Recommendations are made for ongoing education and greater support for chaplains.
Engagement with the TeenDrivingPlan and diversity of teens’ supervised practice driving: lessons for internet-based learner driver interventions
Authors: Winston Flaura K , Mirman Jessica H , Curry Allison E , Pfeiffer Melissa R , Elliott Michael R , Durbin Dennis R 
Published: June 2014

ObjectiveInexperienced, less-skilled driving characterises many newly licensed drivers and contributes to high crash rates. A randomised trial of TeenDrivingPlan (TDP), a new learner driver phase internet-based intervention, demonstrated effectiveness in improving safety relevant, on-road driving behaviour, primarily through greater driving practice diversity. To inform future learner driver interventions, this analysis examined TDP use and its association with practice diversity.DesignPosthoc analysis of data from teen/parent dyads (n=107), enrolled early in learner phase and assigned to treatment arm in randomised trial.MethodsInserted software beacons captured TDP use data. Electronic surveys completed by parents and teens assessed diversity of practice driving and TDP usability ratings at 24 weeks (end of study period).ResultsMost families (84%) used TDP early in the learner period; however, the number of TDP sessions in the first week was three times higher among dyads who achieved greater practice diversity than those with less. By week five many families still engaged with TDP, but differences in TDP use could not be detected between families with high versus low practice diversity. Usability was not a major issue for this sample based on largely positive user ratings.ConclusionsAn engaging internet-based intervention, such as TDP, can support families in achieving high practice diversity. Future learner driver interventions should provide important information early in the learner period when engagement is greatest, encourage continued learning as part of logging practice drives, and incorporate monitoring software for further personalisation to meet family needs.Trial registrationNCT01498575.
Trends in fall-related injuries among older adults treated in emergency departments in the USA
Authors: Orces Carlos H , Alamgir Hasanat 
Published: June 2014

To examine national trends in fall-related injuries among older adults treated in emergency departments (ED) and project these injuries until the year 2030.The Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System was used to generate data on fall-related injuries treated in ED. Joinpoint regression analysis was used to examine the average annual change in injury rates over time.Fall-related injury and hospitalisation rates increased on average by 2% (95% CI 1.5% to 2.7%) and by 4% (95% CI 2.9% to 5.0%) per year, respectively. Assuming the increase in fall-related injury rates remains unchanged, the number of fall-related injuries may increase to 5.7 million by the year 2030.Fall-related injuries among older adults treated in ED increased in the USA during the study period. Moreover, a marked increase in the number of these injuries may occur over the next decades.
The Colorectal Cancer Screening Process in Community Settings: A Conceptual Model for the Population-Based Research Optimizing Screening through Personalized Regimens Consortium
Authors: Tiro Jasmin A. , Kamineni Aruna , Levin Theodore R. , Zheng Yingye , Schottinger Joanne S. , Rutter Carolyn M. , Corley Douglas A. , Skinner Celette S. , Chubak Jessica , Doubeni Chyke A. , Halm Ethan A. , Gupta Samir , Wernli Karen J. , Klabunde Carrie 
Published: June 2014

AbstractReducing colorectal cancer mortality by promoting screening has been a national goal for two decades. The NCI's Population-Based Research Optimizing Screening through Personalized Regimens (PROSPR) consortium is the first federal initiative to foster coordinated, transdisciplinary research evaluating the entire cancer screening process in community settings. PROSPR is creating a central data repository to facilitate research evaluating the breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening process across different patient populations, provider types, and delivery systems. Data are being collected and organized at the multiple levels in which individuals are nested (e.g., healthcare systems, facilities, providers, and patients). Here, we describe a conceptual model of the colorectal cancer screening process guiding data collection and highlight critical research questions that will be addressed through pooled data. We also describe the three research centers focused on colorectal cancer screening with respect to study populations, practice settings, and screening policies. PROSPR comprehensively elucidates the complex screening process through observational study, and has potential to improve care delivery beyond the healthcare systems studied. Findings will inform intervention designs and policies to optimize colorectal cancer screening delivery and advance the Institute of Medicine's goals of effective, efficient, coordinated, timely, and safe health care with respect to evidence-based cancer screening. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(7); 1147–58. ©2014 AACR.
Prediagnostic Intake of Dairy Products and Dietary Calcium and Colorectal Cancer Survival—Results from the EPIC Cohort Study
Authors: Dik Vincent K. , Murphy Neil , Siersema Peter D. , Fedirko Veronika , Jenab Mazda , Kong So Y. , Hansen Camilla P. , Overvad Kim , Tjønneland Anne , Olsen Anja , Dossus Laure , Racine Antoine , Bastide Nadia , Li Kuanrong , Kühn Tilman , Boeing Heiner , Aleksandrova Krasimira , Trichopoulou Antonia , Trichopoulos Dimitrios , Barbitsioti Antonia , Palli Domenico , Contiero Paolo , Vineis Paolo , Tumino Rosaria , Panico Salvatore , Peeters Petra H.M. , Weiderpass Elisabete , Skeie Guri , Hjartåker Anette , Amiano Pilar , Sánchez María-José , Fonseca-Nunes Ana , Barricarte Aurelio , Chirlaque María-Dolores , Redondo Maria-Luisa , Jirström Karin , Manjer Jonas , Nilsson Lena M. , Wennberg Maria , Bradbury Kathryn E. , Khaw Kay-Tee , Wareham Nicholas , Cross Amanda J. , Riboli Elio , Bueno-de-Mesquita H. Bas 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Background: We investigated whether prediagnostic reported intake of dairy products and dietary calcium is associated with colorectal cancer survival.
Methods: Data from 3,859 subjects with colorectal cancer (42.1% male; mean age at diagnosis, 64.2 ± 8.1 years) in the European Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort were analyzed. Intake of dairy products and dietary calcium was assessed at baseline (1992–2000) using validated, country-specific dietary questionnaires. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to calculate HR and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) for colorectal cancer–specific death (n = 1,028) and all-cause death (n = 1,525) for different quartiles of intake.
Results: The consumption of total dairy products was not statistically significantly associated with risk of colorectal cancer–specific death (adjusted HR Q4 vs. Q1, 1.17; 95% CI, 0.97–1.43) nor that of all-cause death (Q4 vs. Q1, 1.16; 95% CI, 0.98–1.36). Multivariable-adjusted HRs for colorectal cancer–specific death (Q4 vs. Q1) were 1.21 (95% CI, 0.99–1.48) for milk, 1.09 (95% CI, 0.88–1.34) for yoghurt, and 0.93 (95% CI, 0.76–1.14) for cheese. The intake of dietary calcium was not associated with the risk of colorectal cancer–specific death (adjusted HR Q4 vs. Q1, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.81–1.26) nor that of all-cause death (Q4 vs. Q1, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.84–1.21).
Conclusions: The prediagnostic reported intake of dairy products and dietary calcium is not associated with disease-specific or all-cause risk of death in patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer.
Impact: The impact of diet on cancer survival is largely unknown. This study shows that despite its inverse association with colorectal cancer risk, the prediagnostic intake of dairy and dietary calcium does not affect colorectal cancer survival. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(9); 1813–23. ©2014 AACR.
microRNAome Expression in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Comparison with Normal B-cell Subsets and Correlations with Prognostic and Clinical Parameters
Authors: Negrini Massimo , Cutrona Giovanna , Bassi Cristian , Fabris Sonia , Zagatti Barbara , Colombo Monica , Ferracin Manuela , D'Abundo Lucilla , Saccenti Elena , Matis Serena , Lionetti Marta , Agnelli Luca , Gentile Massimo , Recchia Anna Grazia , Bossio Sabrina , Reverberi Daniele , Rigolin Gianmatteo , Calin George A. , Sabbioni Silvia , Russo Giandomenico , Tassone Pierfrancesco , Morabito Fortunato , Ferrarini Manlio , Neri Antonino 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Purpose: Despite its indolent nature, chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) remains an incurable disease. To establish the potential pathogenic role of miRNAs, the identification of deregulated miRNAs in CLL is crucial.
Experimental Design: We analyzed the expression of 723 mature miRNAs in 217 early-stage CLL cases and in various different normal B-cell subpopulations from tonsils and peripheral blood.
Results: Our analyses indicated that CLL cells exhibited a miRNA expression pattern that was most similar to the subsets of antigen-experienced and marginal zone–like B cells. These normal subpopulations were used as reference to identify differentially expressed miRNAs in comparison with CLL. Differences related to the expression of 25 miRNAs were found to be independent from IGHV mutation status or cytogenetic aberrations. These differences, confirmed in an independent validation set, led to a novel comprehensive description of miRNAs potentially involved in CLL. We also identified miRNAs whose expression was distinctive of cases with mutated versus unmutated IGHV genes or cases with 13q, 11q, and 17p deletions and trisomy 12. Finally, analysis of clinical data in relation to miRNA expression revealed that miR26a, miR532-3p, miR146-5p, and miR29c* were strongly associated with progression-free survival.
Conclusion: This study provides novel information on miRNAs expressed by CLL and normal B-cell subtypes, with implication on the cell of origin of CLL. In addition, our findings indicate a number of deregulated miRNAs in CLL, which may play a pathogenic role and promote disease progression. Collectively, this information can be used for developing miRNA-based therapeutic strategies in CLL. Clin Cancer Res; 20(15); 4141–53. ©2014 AACR.
Cisplatin-Induced Renal Injury Is Independently Mediated by OCT2 and p53
Authors: Sprowl Jason A. , Lancaster Cynthia S. , Pabla Navjotsingh , Hermann Edwin , Kosloske Ashley M. , Gibson Alice A. , Li Lie , Zeeh Dorothea , Schlatter Eberhard , Janke Laura J. , Ciarimboli Giuliano , Sparreboom Alex 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Purpose: Tubular secretion of cisplatin is abolished in mice deficient for the organic cation transporters Oct1 and Oct2 (Oct1/2−/−mice), and these animals are protected from severe cisplatin-induced kidney damage. Since tubular necrosis is not completely absent in Oct1/2−/−mice, we hypothesized that alternate pathways are involved in the observed injury.
Experimental Design: Studies were done in wild-type, Oct1/2−/−, or p53-deficient animals, all on an FVB background, receiving cisplatin intraperitoneally at 15 mg/kg. Cisplatin metabolites were analyzed using mass spectrometry, and gene expression was assessed using Affymetrix microarrays and RT-PCR arrays.
Results: KEGG pathway analyses on kidneys from mice exposed to cisplatin revealed that the most significantly altered genes were associated with the p53 signaling network, including Cdnk1a and Mdm2, in both wild-type (P = 2.40 × 10−11) and Oct1/2−/−mice (P = 1.92 × 10−8). This was confirmed by demonstrating that homozygosity for a p53-null allele partially reduced renal tubular damage, whereas loss of p53 in Oct1/2−/−mice (p53−/−/Oct1/2−/−) completely abolished nephrotoxicity. We found that pifithrin-α, an inhibitor of p53-dependent transcriptional activation, inhibits Oct2 and can mimic the lack of nephrotoxicity observed in p53−/−/Oct1/2−/−mice.
Conclusions: These findings indicate that (i) the p53 pathway plays a crucial role in the kidney in response to cisplatin treatment and (ii) clinical exploration of OCT2 inhibitors may not lead to complete nephroprotection unless the p53 pathway is simultaneously antagonized. Clin Cancer Res; 20(15); 4026–35. ©2014 AACR.