bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of Enantioselective Palladium‐Catalyzed Alkene Carboalkoxylation Reactions for the Synthesis of Tetrahydrofurans
Authors: Hopkins Brett A. , Garlets Zachary J. , Wolfe John P. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe Pd‐catalyzed coupling of γ‐hydroxyalkenes with aryl bromides affords enantiomerically enriched 2‐(arylmethyl)tetrahydrofuran derivatives in good yield and up to 96:4 e.r. This transformation was achieved through the development of a new TADDOL/2‐arylcyclohexanol‐derived chiral phosphite ligand. The transformations are effective with an array of different aryl bromides, and can be used for the preparation of products bearing quaternary stereocenters.
Narcissism and Performance on Behavioral Decision‐making Tasks
Authors: Brunell Amy B. , Buelow Melissa T. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThree studies examined narcissism and behavioral decision making. Decision‐making tasks included the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT; Studies 1–3), Balloon Analogue Risk Task (Studies 1–3), Columbia Card Task (CCT; Studies 2 and 3), and Game of Dice Task (Study 3). To tease apart the contributions of grandiose narcissism (i.e., narcissism found in the general population), pathological narcissism, and narcissistic traits (i.e., grandiosity, entitlement, and exploitativeness) in decision making, we assessed grandiose narcissism in Studies 1 (n = 380) and 2 (n = 244), pathological narcissism in Study 2, and the narcissistic traits in Study 3 (n = 312). Grandiose and pathological narcissism failed to predict decision making regardless of whether or not decision making included immediate feedback. In Study 3, the narcissistic trait of grandiosity (i.e., having an inflated sense of self‐importance) was associated with greater risk taking on the CCT‐hot (i.e., provided immediate feedback), and entitlement was associated with greater risk taking on the IGT. Measurement and applied implications are discussed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Flexible Tuning of Unsaturated β‐Substituents on Zn Porphyrins: A Synthetic, Spectroscopic and Computational Study
Authors: van der Salm Holly , Wagner Pawel , Wagner Klaudia , Officer David L. , Wallace Gordon G. , Gordon Keith C. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA series of zinc porphyrins substituted at adjacent β‐positions with a CN group and para‐substituted ethenyl/ethynyl‐phenyl group have been studied using electronic absorption spectroscopy, resonance Raman spectroscopy and DFT calculations. The oxidative nucleophilic substitution of hydrogen was utilized for the introduction of a cyano substituent on the porphyrin ring. This modification has a remarkable electronic effect on the ring. The resulting porphyrin cyanoaldehyde was further modified in Wittig condensations to give series of arylalkene‐ and arylalkyne‐substituted derivatives. This substitution pattern caused significant redshifting and broadening of the B band, tuning from 433–446 nm. Additionally the Q/B band intensity ratios show much higher values than observed for the parent porphyrin ZnTPP (0.20 vs. 0.03). Careful analysis of the electronic transitions using DFT and resonance Raman spectroscopy reveal that the substituent does not significantly perturb the electronic structure of the porphyrin core, which is still well described by Gouterman’s four‐orbital model. However, the substituents do play a role in elongating the conjugation length and this results in the observed spectral changes.
Nonbiological factors affecting survival in younger patients with acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Borate Uma Madhav , Mineishi Shin , Costa Luciano Jose 
Published: September 2015

BACKGROUNDProgress has been made in determining the biological variants of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and their prognostic implications. However, to the authors' knowledge, little is known regarding the impact of nonbiological factors (NBFs) on the survival of patients with AML.METHODSThe impact of NBFs (marital status, insurance status, county‐level income, and education) on survival was assessed along with biological factors (disease subtype, sex, age, and race/ethnicity) using a cohort of patients aged 19 to 64 years who were diagnosed with AML between 2007 and 2011 and reported to the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program registry (SEER 18).RESULTSThere were 5541 patients included. The median overall survival for the entire study population was 16 months. On multivariate analysis, an increased risk of death was independently linked to being a Medicaid beneficiary, uninsured, single, divorced, and residing in a county within the lower 3 quintiles of median household income. NBFs affected the risk of early (<2 months) and late mortality and their impact was confirmed among patients known to have received chemotherapy.CONCLUSIONSInsurance status, marital status, and county‐level income were found to independently affect the survival of younger patients with AML and should be integrated into outcome comparisons. Interventions are needed to mitigate the impact of social factors on survival among patients with AML. Cancer 2015;121:3877–3884. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Does authoritarianism imply ethnocentric national attitudes: A revised look at the “authoritarian triad” and right‐wing ideology
Authors: Radkiewicz Piotr 
Published: September 2015

AbstractDozens of studies have shown that authoritarian people are ethnocentric. They are described as nationalistic, prejudiced, and hostile toward ethnic/national out‐groups. However, it can be argued that this critical claim remains unproven, as researchers do not take into consideration the very conservative right‐wing views typical of authoritarian people. To address this problem, two theoretical approaches were contrasted: the most commonly used right‐wing authoritarianism (RWA) approach and the group authoritarianism approach. Both approaches define authoritarianism as the covariance of submission, aggression, and conventionalism, but they differ in that the former is inextricably related to right‐wing ideology while the latter is not. This paper presents the results of two survey studies conducted on samples of 600 and 400 respondents. In Study 1, it was found that RWA and group authoritarianism had different patterns of relationships with in‐group and out‐group national attitudes, providing strong evidence in support of the hypothesis that the right‐wing ideology generated ethnocentric national attitudes. Study 2 showed a strong direct effect of right‐wing ideology on ethnocentric national attitudes, while the impact of “pure” authoritarian covariance is marginal and sometimes even seems to be negative (e.g., ethnic prejudices). These findings suggest that authoritarianism has little to do with ethnocentric national attitudes. It is not the covariance of authoritarian attitudes that results in growing ethnocentrism. The true perpetrator can be found in the large component of right‐wing ideology contained in such measurement instruments as the RWA scale.
Evaluation of the Oxo‐bridged Dinuclear Ruthenium Ammine Complex as Redox Mediator in an Electrochemical Biosensor
Authors: Raymundo‐Pereira Paulo A. , Mascarenhas Ana C. V. , Teixeira Marcos F. S. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe mediation of electron‐transfer by oxo‐bridged dinuclear ruthenium ammine [(bpy)2(NH3)RuIII(µ‐O)RuIII(NH3)(bpy)2]4+ for the oxidation of glucose was investigated by cyclic voltammetry. These ruthenium (III) complexes exhibit appropriate redox potentials of 0.131–0.09 V vs. SCE to act as electron‐transfer mediators. The plot of anodic current vs. the glucose concentration was linear in the concentration range between 2.52×10−5 and 1.00×10−4 mol L−1. Moreover, the apparent Michaelis‐Menten kinetic (KMapp) and the catalytic (Kcat) constants were 8.757×10−6 mol L−1 and 1,956 s−1, respectively, demonstrating the efficiency of the ruthenium dinuclear oxo‐complex [(bpy)2(NH3)RuIII(µ‐O)RuIII(NH3)(bpy)2]4+ as mediator of redox electron‐transfer.
Psychosocial Interventions Pre and Post Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Kalarchian Melissa A. , Marcus Marsha D. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractDespite positive results overall, a substantial number of patients experience poor long‐term outcomes following bariatric surgery. One reason for variability in weight loss may be difficulty in making and sustaining changes in dietary intake and physical activity; post‐surgery binge eating has also been associated with poorer weight outcomes. In this paper, we review available evidence on adjunctive psychosocial interventions for bariatric surgery patients. Although the literature is limited, evidence suggests that bariatric surgery patients may benefit from a comprehensive approach targeting diet, activity and psychological factors. We think the optimal time to initiate adjunctive intervention is after surgery, but before significant weight regain has occurred. Adaptive interventions incorporating advances in technology may prove to be effective for promoting behavioural self‐management and psychosocial adjustment following bariatric surgery. For some patients, pharmacotherapy and reoperation may also play a role in a personalized approach to post‐surgery care. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
The accumbofrontal tract: Diffusion tensor imaging characterization and developmental change from childhood to adulthood
Authors: Karlsgodt Katherine H. , John Majnu , Ikuta Toshikazu , Rigoard Philippe , Peters Bart D. , Derosse Pamela , Malhotra Anil K. , Szeszko Philip R. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe presence of an anatomical connection between the orbitofrontal cortex and ventral striatum, forming a so‐called reward network, is well established across species. This connection has important implications for reward processing and is relevant to a number of neuropsychiatric disorders. Moreover, white matter (WM) is known to continue to mature across adolescence and into early adulthood, and developmental change in the reward network is an important component of models of decision making and risk taking. Despite the importance of this connection, the underlying WM has only recently been characterized in humans histologically, and not yet in‐vivo using brain imaging. Here, we implemented diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in a large cross‐sectional sample of 295 healthy individuals ages 8–68 to further characterize the WM of this connection and its development from childhood into adulthood. We demonstrate that the accumbofrontal tract, connecting the orbitofrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens, can be identified using standard DTI sequences. Using Poisson modeling, we show that the accumbofrontal tract undergoes significant change across the lifespan, with males showing a higher and earlier peak compared to females. Moreover, the change occurs in a pattern consistent with developmental models of decision‐making. These findings support the hypothesis that developmental differences in WM integrity may be a contributing factor to the observed risk taking that occurs in adolescence. The accumbofrontal tract is not yet included in standard WM atlases, but may be important for inclusion in studies investigating fronto‐striatal networks, as well as in investigations of substance abuse and decision making. Hum Brain Mapp 36:4954–4963, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Neural correlates of temporal summation of second pain in the human brainstem and spinal cord
Authors: Bosma Rachael L. , Ameli Mojarad Elham , Leung Lawrence , Pukall Caroline , Staud Roland , Stroman Patrick W. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractTemporal summation of second pain (TSSP) occurs when painful stimuli are presented repetitively (≥0.33 Hz) and results from a C‐fibre evoked enhancement (or “wind‐up”) of the dorsal horn neurons. Based on electrophysiological studies in intact animals, windup is considered a purely central phenomenon. With advancements in functional MRI (fMRI), we can now probe the central mechanisms of this pain response in humans. The aim of this study is to characterize the fMRI responses in the healthy human brainstem and spinal cord that correspond to TSSP. Functional MRI of healthy female adults (N = 15) was conducted while brief, repetitive heat pain stimuli were applied to the right thenar eminence (C6 dermatome), and TSSP (0.33 Hz) and control (0.17 Hz) heat pain paradigms were employed. The stimulus intensity was adjusted to each participant's heat pain sensitivity. Data were analyzed by means of a general linear model, and region‐of‐interest analyses. As predicted, participants demonstrated significant behavioural summation of pain in the TSSP condition. FMRI results identified enhanced activity in the spinal cord dorsal horn at C6 in response to the TSSP condition. Additionally, multiple areas of the brainstem (RVM and PAG) showed greater responses with the TSSP condition. These results suggest that, in humans, increased pain perception in the TSSP condition is reflected by greater responses in the dorsal horn and in regions known to play a role in the descending modulation of pain, which may modulate the spinal cord response. Hum Brain Mapp 36:5038–5050, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Precipitation and temperature of the southwest Caspian Sea region during the last 55 years: their trends and teleconnections with large‐scale atmospheric phenomena
Authors: Molavi‐Arabshahi M. , Arpe K. , Leroy S. A. G. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTClimate data from the southwest coast of the Caspian Sea (CS) were statistically analysed to find connections with large‐scale atmospheric variabilities and regional impacts. The study area is characterized by a subtropical humid climate. This enclave of high precipitation is extremely important for Iranian food production and is recognized for its high biodiversity.The data sets were investigated for inconsistencies before carrying out the main investigations, and several problems have been identified. The results show three distinct climatic periods in the temperature time series since 1956: 1956 to 1975 with values near to the overall mean, 1977 to 1995 with values lower by 0.5 °C and from 1996 to 2010 with values higher by 0.5 °C. These periods can be positively correlated with rapid sea level changes of the CS. Moreover, an agreement exists between the three climatic periods and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) variability. The sea surface temperature of the southern CS is shown to be the driving force of the 2 m temperatures in the study area. While temperature changes are in accordance with NAO variability, the precipitation variations show connections with ENSO and less with NAO. The trends of precipitation during the period are diverse but display mostly a weak decrease, while the trends of temperature display a clear increase, larger than that for global mean temperatures, overlaid with inter‐decadal variations.
Structural Models for the Design of PKMzeta Inhibitors with Neurobiological Indications
Authors: Purkayastha Priyanka , Alokam Reshma , Malapati Aruna , Sriram Dharmarajan , Yogeeswari Perumal 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAn atypical protein kinase C, PKMzeta has become an attractive target for various neurological disorders including long term potentiation, cognition, neuropathic pain and cancer. Drug discovery efforts have been hindered due to the non‐availability of the protein structure and hence in the present study we attempted to build the open and closed models of the protein PKMzeta using homology modeling. The models were then used to identify PKMzeta inhibitors utilizing a high‐throughput virtual screening protocol from a large commercial chemical database. Compounds were selected based on the binding interactions and Glide score. Compounds were then subjected to in vitro luminescent based kinase assay for their inhibitory activity on targeted protein. Seven compounds exhibitedIC50s less than or equal to 10 µM. Cell based assays revealed that Lead C3 and Lead C6 exhibited selectivity towards methylmercury treated neuroblastoma growth inhibition and suppressed reactive oxygen species withIC50s of 0.89 and 0.17 µM, respectively. Furthermore, Lead C3 exhibited attenuation of proinflammatory response with least energy in dynamic simulation studies and thus emerged as a prototypical lead for further development as novel inhibitor of PKMzeta for neurological implications.
Does screening for physical and psychosocial symptoms vary between medical oncology treatment centres?
Authors: Zucca Alison , Sanson‐Fisher Rob , Waller Amy , Carey Mariko , Boyes Allison W. , Proietto Anthony 
Published: September 2015

AbstractObjectiveOur aim is to examine whether provider screening for physical and emotional symptoms, as reported by medical oncology outpatients, varies across medical oncology treatment centres.MethodsA cross‐sectional sample of 716 patients attending the outpatient medical oncology department of six public cancer treatment centres across five Australian states participated. Four patient‐report survey items explored how often patients were specifically asked by clinical staff at the treatment centre about their (i) emotional distress (anxiety, distress and depression), (ii) pain, (iii) fatigue and (iv) other physical symptoms (e.g. nausea and constipation). Asking at less than half of all appointments was classified as infrequent screening.ResultsNo significant associations were found between treatment centre and symptom screening for emotional distress (p = 0.65), pain (p = 0.21), fatigue (p = 0.95) and other physical symptoms (p = 0.40). The proportion of patients who were regularly screened versus infrequently screened was significantly higher for physical symptoms than emotional symptoms (p < 0.001): 36% infrequently screened for emotional distress (range: 33–45%), 15% infrequently screened for pain (range: 9–21%), 16% infrequently screened for fatigue (range: 15–19%) and 11% infrequently screened for other physical symptoms (range: 5–17%).ConclusionsNo significant variation in symptom screening was found across treatment centres. While the majority of patients received recommended care, treatment centres must continue to improve symptom screening rates, particularly for emotional distress. However, screening is only the first step and must be accompanied by the offer of help and provision of help to relieve patient suffering. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The relationship between iodine nutrition and thyroid disease in lactating women with different iodine intakes
Authors: Liu Lixiang , Wang Dandan , Liu Peng , Meng Fangang , Wen Da , Jia Qingzhen , Liu Jun , Zhang Xiaoye , Jiang Peng , Shen Hongmei 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAreas with low, adequate and excessive I content in water co-exist in China. Limited data are currently available on I nutrition and thyroid disease in lactating women and their breast-fed infants with different I intakes. This study aimed to evaluate I nutrition in both lactating women and their infants and the prevalence of thyroid disease in areas with different levels of I in water. From January to June 2014, a total of 343 healthy lactating women (excluding those taking anti-thyroid drugs or I supplements within a year of the study, consuming seafood at the time of the study or those diagnosed with congenital thyroid disease) from Beihai in Guangxi province and Jiajiazhuang, Yangcheng, Jicun and Pingyao townships in Shanxi province were selected. Compared with the I-sufficient group, median urinary I concentrations in both lactating women and infants as well as breast milk I levels were significantly lower in the I-deficient group (P<0·001). The prevalence of thyroid disease in lactating women, particularly subclinical hypothyroidism, was higher in the I-excess group than in the I-sufficient group (P<0·05). In areas with excessive water I content, high thyroid peroxidase antibody and high thyroglobulin levels were risk factors for abnormal thyroid-stimulating hormone levels. Our data collectively suggest that excessive I intake potentially causes subclinical hypothyroidism in lactating women. Moreover, enhanced monitoring of I status is important to avoid adverse effects of I deficiency or excess, particularly in susceptible populations such as pregnant or lactating women and infants.
Dietary carbohydrate and lipid sources affect differently the oxidative status of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles
Authors: Castro Carolina , Peréz-Jiménez Amalia , Coutinho Filipe , Díaz-Rosales Patricia , Serra Cláudia Alexandra dos Reis , Panserat Stéphane , Corraze Geneviève , Peres Helena , Oliva-Teles Aires 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary lipid source and carbohydrate content on the oxidative status of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles. For that purpose, four diets were formulated with fish oil (FO) and vegetable oils (VO) as the lipid source and with 20 or 0 % gelatinised starch as the carbohydrate source, in a 2×2 factorial design. Liver and intestine antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)), hepatic and intestinal lipid peroxidation (LPO), as well as hepatic oxidative stress index (OSI), were measured in fish fed the experimental diets for 73 d (n9 fish/diet). Carbohydrate-rich diets promoted a decrease in hepatic LPO and OSI, whereas the lipid source induced no changes. Inversely, dietary lipid source, but not dietary carbohydrate concentration, affected LPO in the intestine. Lower intestinal LPO was observed in VO groups. Enzymes responsive to dietary treatments were GR, G6PD and CAT in the liver and GR and GPX in the intestine. Dietary carbohydrate induced GR and G6PD activities and depressed CAT activity in the liver. GPX and GR activities were increased in the intestine of fish fed VO diets. Overall, effects of diet composition on oxidative status were tissue-related: the liver and intestine were strongly responsive to dietary carbohydrates and lipid sources, respectively. Furthermore, different metabolic routes were more active to deal with the oxidative stress in the two organs studied.
Determination of obesity associated gene variants related to TMEM18 through ultra-deep targeted re-sequencing in a case-control cohort for pediatric obesity
Authors: RASK-ANDERSEN MATHIAS , SÄLLMAN ALMÉN MARKUS , JACOBSSON JOSEFIN A. , AMEUR ADAM , MOSCHONIS GEORGE , DEDOUSSIS GEORGE , MARCUS CLAUDE , GYLLENSTEN ULF , FREDRIKSSON ROBERT , SCHIÖTH HELGI B. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryGenome-wide association studies (GWAS) have revealed association of a locus approximately 25b downstream of the TMEM18 gene with body mass and obesity. We utilized targeted re-sequencing of the body mass associated locus in proximity of TMEM18 in a case-control population of severely obese children and adolescents from the Stockholm area. We expanded our study to include the TMEM18 gene itself, with the aim of identifying body mass associated genetic variants. Sequencing was performed on the SOLiD platform, on long-range PCR fragments generated through targeted amplification of the regions of interest. Candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were validated by TaqMan genotyping. We were able to observe 131 SNPs across the re-sequenced regions. Chi squared tests comparing the allele frequencies between cases and controls revealed 57 SNPs as candidates for association with obesity. Validation and replication genotyping revealed robust associations for SNPs within the haplotype block region located downstream from the TMEM18 gene. This study provides a high resolution map of the genetic variation pattern in the TMEM18 gene, as well as the associated haplotype block, and further strengthens the association of variants within the proximal haplotype block with obesity and body mass.