bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ocular bartonellosis in transplant recipients: two case reports and review of the literature
Authors: Lee R.A. , Ray M. , Kasuga D.T. , Kumar V. , Witherspoon C.D. , Baddley J.W. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractCat scratch disease is caused by Bartonella henselae and usually manifests as localized lymphadenopathy and fever in immunocompetent patients. Immunocompromised patients are at risk for developing disseminated disease affecting the liver, spleen, eyes, central nervous system, and other organs. Bartonellosis is infrequently reported in solid organ transplant recipients, and published case reports usually discuss disseminated infection. Localized ocular disease with B. henselae, while well documented in immunocompetent hosts, is uncommon in immunocompromised patients. Herein, we present 2 cases of ocular bartonellosis in renal transplant patients, 1 with disseminated infection, and 1 without.
Innovation and Trade Policy Coordination: The Role of Firm Heterogeneity
Authors: Navas Antonio , Sala Davide 
Published: July 2015

AbstractRecent studies have concluded that R&D grants can induce firms to export and that exporting and innovating can be complementary activities at the firm level. Yet the trade literature has paid little attention to the scope of innovation policy as a stimulus to both trade and innovation. To investigate this question, we rely on a general workhorse model of trade and firm heterogeneity with firm investments in R&D activities. The interplay of innovation and trade policies uncover novel results. In particular, we show that the effects of either policy depend on the degree of protectionism in a country. Therefore, countries can respond differently to the same policy, and similarly to different policies. In such a context, different governments may face different trade‐offs in achieving a given target.
Anterior ocular abnormalities of captive Asian elephants (Elephas maximus indicus) in Thailand
Authors: Kraiwong Natapong , Sanyathitiseree Pornchai , Boonprasert Khajohnpat , Diskul Phiphatanachatr , Charoenphan Patara , Pintawong Weerasak , Thayananuphat Aree 
Published: July 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo survey and classify anterior ocular abnormalities in 1478 captive Asian elephants (Elephas maximus indicus) in six regions of Thailand.MethodsAnterior ocular examination was performed in both eyes (n = 2956) of 1478 elephants selected from the annual health check program involving 2958 animals within six regions of Thailand from January to November 2013. Lesions were described and compared between age and gender.ResultsA total of 17.83% (527/2956) of examined eyes from 24.97% (369/1478) of examined elephants had anterior ocular abnormalities. The most common lesions in these examined eyes were frothy ocular discharge (5.85%), corneal edema (5.31%), and conjunctivitis (5.18%). In addition, epiphora, phthisis bulbi, other corneal abnormalities, anterior uveitis, and lens abnormalities were noted. Almost all lesions increased in frequency with age (P < 0.01).ConclusionsRegular ophthalmic examination in elephants should be included in their annual health check program. Early detection and treatment of any ocular abnormality may avoid the development of subsequent irreversible ocular pathology.
Evaluation of a Novel Screw Position in a Type III Distal Phalanx Fracture Model: An Ex Vivo Study
Authors: Bindler Dorian , Koch Christoph , Gendron Karine , Ferguson Stephen J. , Kaposi Andras D. , Papp Miklos , Bodó Gábor 
Published: July 2015

ObjectiveMechanical evaluation of a novel screw position used for repair in a type III distal phalanx fracture model and assessment of solar canal penetration (SCP).Study DesignExperimental study.Sample PopulationDisarticulated equine hooves (n = 24) and 24 isolated distal phalanges.MethodsHooves/distal phalanges cut in a sagittal plane were repaired with 1 of 2 different cortical screw placements in lag fashion. In group 1 (conventional screw placement), the screw was inserted halfway between the proximal border of the solar canal (SC) and the subchondral bone surface on a line parallel to the dorsal cortex, whereas in group 2, the screw was inserted more palmar/plantar, where a perpendicular line drawn from the group 1 position reached the palmar/plantar cortex. Construct strength was evaluated by 3‐point bending to failure. SCP was assessed by CT imaging and macroscopically.ResultsScrews were significantly longer in group 2 and in forelimbs. Group 2 isolated distal phalanges had a significantly more rigid fixation compared with the conventional screw position (maximum point at failure 31%, bending stiffness 41% higher). Lumen reduction of the SC was observed in 13/52 specimens (all from group 2), of which 9 were forelimbs.ConclusionsMore distal screw positioning compared with the conventionally recommended screw position for internal fixation of type III distal phalangeal fractures allows placement of a longer screw and renders a more rigid fracture fixation. The novel screw position, however, carries a higher risk of SCP.
Topology Optimization, Additive Layer Manufacturing, and Experimental Testing of an Air-Cooled Heat Sink
Authors: Dede Ercan M. , Joshi Shailesh N. , Zhou Feng 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Topology optimization of an air-cooled heat sink considering heat conduction plus side-surface convection is presented. The optimization formulation is explained along with multiple design examples. A postprocessing procedure is described to synthesize manifold or “water-tight” solid model computer-aided design (CAD) geometry from three-dimensional (3D) point-cloud data extracted from the optimization result. Using this process, a heat sink is optimized for confined jet impingement air cooling. A prototype structure is fabricated out of AlSi12 using additive layer manufacturing (ALM). The heat transfer and fluid flow performance of the optimized heat sink are experimentally evaluated, and the results are compared with benchmark plate and pin-fin heat sink geometries that are conventionally machined out of aluminum and copper. In two separate test cases, the experimental results indicate that the optimized ALM heat sink design has a higher coefficient of performance (COP) relative to the benchmark heat sink designs.
A Generalized Optimality Criteria Method for Optimization of Additively Manufactured Multimaterial Lattice Structures
Authors: Stanković Tino , Mueller Jochen , Egan Paul , Shea Kristina 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Recent progress in additive manufacturing (AM) allows for printing customized products with multiple materials and complex geometries that could form the basis of multimaterial designs with high performance and novel functions. Effectively designing such complex products for optimal performance within the confines of AM constraints is challenging due to the need to consider fabrication constraints while searching for optimal designs with a large number of variables, which stem from new AM capabilities. In this study, fabrication constraints are addressed through empirically characterizing multiple printed materials' Young's modulus and density using a multimaterial inkjet-based 3D-printer. Data curves are modeled for the empirical data describing two base printing materials and 12 mixtures of them as inputs for a computational optimization process. An optimality criteria (OC) method is developed to search for solutions of multimaterial lattices with fixed topology and truss cross section sizes. Two representative optimization studies are presented and demonstrate higher performance with multimaterial approaches in comparison to using a single material. These include the optimization of a cubic lattice structure that must adhere to a fixed displacement constraint and a compliant beam lattice structure that must meet multiple fixed displacement constraints. Results demonstrate the feasibility of the approach as a general synthesis and optimization method for multimaterial, lightweight lattice structures that are large-scale and manufacturable on a commercial AM printer directly from the design optimization results.
Complete Genome Sequence of
Rhodococcus
sp. Strain IcdP1 Shows Diverse Catabolic Potential
Authors: Qu Jie , Miao Li-Li , Liu Ying , Liu Zhi-Pei 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT

The complete genome sequence of
Rhodococcus
sp. strain IcdP1 is presented here. This organism was shown to degrade a broad range of high-molecular-weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and organochlorine pesticides. The sequence data can be used to predict genes for xenobiotic biodegradation and metabolism.
Draft Genome Sequence of Salmonella enterica subsp.
enterica
Serovar Give, Isolated from an Imported Chili Powder Product
Authors: Wang Hua , Chen Yi , Ayers Sherry , Melka David , Laasri Anna , Payne Justin S. , Zheng Jie , Son Insook , Timme Ruth , Kastanis George , Hammack Thomas S. , Strain Errol , Allard Marc W. , Evans Peter S. , Brown Eric W. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT

We report the genome sequence of
Salmonella enterica
subsp.
enterica
serovar Give (CFSAN012622), isolated from imported chili powder in 2014. This genome contains genes previously reported to be specific only to
S. enterica
serovar Enteritidis. This strain shows a unique pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) pattern clustering with serovar Enteritidis (JEG X01.0005).
Validation of the Polish version of the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) in patients with osteoarthritis undergoing total knee replacement
Authors: Paradowski Przemysław Tomasz , Kęska Rafał , Witoński Dariusz 
Published: July 2015

ObjectiveTo test the clinimetric properties and to evaluate the internal consistency, validity and reliability of the Polish version of the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) in older patients with end-stage knee osteoarthritis undergoing total knee replacement (TKR).Design and settingA prospective cohort study performed at the university hospital and the outpatient clinic.MethodsThe patients were asked to complete the KOOS questionnaire and the Short Form 36 Health Survey. We evaluated floor/ceiling effects, reliability (using Cronbach's α, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and measurement error), structural validity (performing exploratory principal factor analysis), construct validity (with the use of 3 a priori hypotheses) and responsiveness (using data obtained before and after the surgery, and described by Global Perceived Effect, effect size and standardised response mean).ResultsThe study consisted of 68 participants (mean age 68.8, 82% women). The floor effects were found prior to surgery for the subscales Sports and Recreation Function, and Quality of Life. The Cronbach's α was from 0.90 to 0.92 for all subscales, indicating excellent internal consistency. The test–retest reliability at follow-up was excellent, with ICCs ranging from 0.81 to 0.86 for all KOOS subscales. The minimal detectable change ranged from 18.2 to 24.3 on an individual level and from 2.4 to 2.9 on a group level. All KOOS items were relevant, and all a priori established hypotheses were supported. Responsiveness was confirmed with a statistically significant correlation between all KOOS subscales and the Global Perceived Effect score (ranging from 0.56 to 0.70, p<0.001).ConclusionsThe Polish version of KOOS demonstrated good reliability, validity and responsiveness for use in patient groups that had undergone TKR. Since the smallest change considered clinically relevant cannot reliably be detected in individual cases, the Polish version of KOOS is advocated for assessment of groups of patients.
‘Errors’ and omissions in paper-based early warning scores: the association with changes in vital signs—a database analysis
Authors: Clifton David A , Clifton Lei , Sandu Dona-Maria , Smith G B , Tarassenko Lionel , Vollam Sarah A , Watkinson Peter J 
Published: July 2015

ObjectivesTo understand factors associated with errors using an established paper-based early warning score (EWS) system. We investigated the types of error, where they are most likely to occur, and whether ‘errors’ can predict subsequent changes in patient vital signs.MethodsRetrospective analysis of prospectively collected early warning system database from a single large UK teaching hospital.Results16 795 observation sets, from 200 postsurgical patients, were collected. Incomplete observation sets were more likely to contain observations which should have led to an alert than complete observation sets (15.1% vs 7.6%, p<0.001), but less likely to have an alerting score correctly calculated (38.8% vs 30.0%, p<0.001). Mis-scoring was much more common when leaving a sequence of three or more consecutive observation sets with aggregate scores of 0 (55.3%) than within the sequence (3.0%, p<0.001). Observation sets that ‘incorrectly’ alerted were more frequently followed by a correctly alerting observation set than error-free non-alerting observation sets (14.7% vs 4.2%, p<0.001). Observation sets that ‘incorrectly’ did not alert were more frequently followed by an observation set that did not alert than error-free alerting observation sets (73.2% vs 45.8%, p<0.001).ConclusionsMissed alerts are particularly common in incomplete observation sets and when a patient first becomes unstable. Observation sets that ‘incorrectly’ alert or ‘incorrectly’ do not alert are highly predictive of the next observation set, suggesting that clinical staff detect both deterioration and improvement in advance of the EWS system by using information not currently encoded within it. Work is urgently needed to understand how best to capture this information.
Can a 3-hour educational workshop and the provision of practical tools encourage family physicians to prescribe physical activity as medicine? A pre–post study
Authors: Windt Johann , Windt Adriaan , Davis Jennifer , Petrella Robert , Khan Karim 
Published: July 2015

ObjectivesTo increase, in our sample, the proportion of family physicians who provided their patients with written physical activity prescriptions after the delivery of a 3-hour educational workshop with the provision of practical tools to facilitate behaviour change.DesignA pre–post study.SettingAbbotsford and Mission, British Columbia.ParticipantsAll 158 physicians registered with the Abbotsford (121) or Mission (37) Divisions of Family Practice were invited to participate.InterventionA 3-hour educational workshop combined with practical tools. Educational content of the workshop included (1) assessing patients’ physical activity levels, (2) using motivational interviewing techniques to encourage physical activity and (3) providing written physical activity prescriptions when appropriate. Practical tools to facilitate physician behaviour changes included a ‘physical activity vital sign’, and copies of the Exercise is Medicine Canada Prescription Pad. Participating physicians completed a bespoke questionnaire before and 4 weeks after their attendance at the workshop.Outcome measuresThe primary outcome was the change in the proportion of family physicians who reported providing written physical activity prescriptions. Exploratory outcomes included changes in other physical activity prescription behaviours, the perceived importance of various barriers to prescription, and knowledge and confidence in regards to physical activity prescription. McNemar's test evaluated changes in proportions before and after the workshop, while Wilcoxon signed-rank tests evaluated changes in Likert data.Results25 family physicians completed the baseline questionnaire and attended the workshop, with 100% follow-up response rate. The proportion of family physicians who reported providing written physical activity prescriptions in their clinical practice increased significantly (p<0.05), from 10 (40%) at baseline to 17 (68%) 4 weeks after the intervention.ConclusionsEducational workshops combined with practical tools appear to be a promising method to encourage the use of written physical activity prescriptions among family physicians in this setting, over the short term.
Microenvironment-Modulated Metastatic CD133+/CXCR4+/EpCAM− Lung Cancer–Initiating Cells Sustain Tumor Dissemination and Correlate with Poor Prognosis
Authors: Bertolini Giulia , D'Amico Lucia , Moro Massimo , Landoni Elena , Perego Paola , Miceli Rosalba , Gatti Laura , Andriani Francesca , Wong Donald , Caserini Roberto , Tortoreto Monica , Milione Massimo , Ferracini Riccardo , Mariani Luigi , Pastorino Ugo , Roato Ilaria , Sozzi Gabriella , Roz Luca 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Metastasis is the main reason for lung cancer–related mortality, but little is known about specific determinants of successful dissemination from primary tumors and metastasis initiation. Here, we show that CD133+/CXCR4+ cancer-initiating cells (CIC) directly isolated from patient-derived xenografts (PDX) of non–small cell lung cancer are endowed with superior ability to seed and initiate metastasis at distant organs. We additionally report that CXCR4 inhibition successfully prevents the increase of cisplatin-resistant CD133+/CXCR4+ cells in residual tumors and their metastatization. Immunophenotypic analysis of lung tumor cells intravenously injected or spontaneously disseminated to murine lungs demonstrated the survival advantage and increased colonization ability of a specific subset of CD133+/CXCR4+ with reduced expression of epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM−), which also shows the greatest in vitro invasive potential. We next prove that recovered disseminated cells from lungs of PDX-bearing mice enriched for CD133+/CXCR4+/EpCAM− CICs are highly tumorigenic and metastatic. Importantly, microenvironment stimuli eliciting epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, including signals from cancer-associated fibroblasts, are able to increase the dissemination potential of lung cancer cells through the generation of the CD133+/CXCR4+/EpCAM− subset. These findings also have correlates in patient samples where disseminating CICs are enriched in metastatic lymph nodes (20-fold, P = 0.006) and their detection in primary tumors is correlated with poor clinical outcome (disease-free survival: P = 0.03; overall survival: P = 0.05). Overall, these results highlight the importance of specific cellular subsets in the metastatic process, the need for in-depth characterization of disseminating tumor cells, and the potential of therapeutic strategies targeting both primary tumor and tumor–microenvironment interactions. Cancer Res; 75(17); 3636–49. ©2015 AACR.
Epigenetic Activation of TWIST1 by MTDH Promotes Cancer Stem–like Cell Traits in Breast Cancer
Authors: Liang Yajun , Hu Jing , Li Jiatao , Liu Yingjie , Yu Jingyi , Zhuang Xueqian , Mu Lili , Kong Xiangyin , Hong Dengli , Yang Qifeng , Hu Guohong 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Cancer stem–like cells (CSC) are a cell subpopulation that can reinitiate tumors, resist chemotherapy, and give rise to metastases. Metadherin (MTDH) contributes widely to tumor growth, drug resistance, relapse, and metastasis, but its molecular mechanisms of action are not well understood. Here, we report that MTDH drives CSC expansion by promoting the expression of TWIST1, a transcription factor critical for cancer cell stemness and metastasis. MTDH activates TWIST1 expression indirectly by facilitating histone H3 acetylation on the TWIST1 promoter, a process mediated by the histone acetyltransferase CBP. Mechanistic investigations showed that MTDH interacts with CBP and prevents its ubiquitin-mediated degradation, licensing its transcriptional activation of TWIST1. In clinical specimens of breast cancer, MTDH expression correlates positively with TWIST1 expression and CSC abundance. Overall, our work revealed that MTDH promotes CSC accumulation and breast tumorigenicity by regulating TWIST1, deepening the understanding of MTDH function in cancer. Cancer Res; 75(17); 3672–80. ©2015 AACR.
CDK1-Mediated SIRT3 Activation Enhances Mitochondrial Function and Tumor Radioresistance
Authors: Liu Rui , Fan Ming , Candas Demet , Qin Lili , Zhang Xiaodi , Eldridge Angela , Zou June X. , Zhang Tieqiao , Juma Shuaib , Jin Cuihong , Li Robert F. , Perks Julian , Sun Lun-Quan , Vaughan Andrew T.M. , Hai Chun-Xu , Gius David R. , Li Jian Jian 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Tumor adaptive resistance to therapeutic radiation remains a barrier for further improvement of local cancer control. SIRT3, a member of the sirtuin family of NAD+-dependent protein deacetylases in mitochondria, promotes metabolic homeostasis through regulation of mitochondrial protein deacetylation and plays a key role in prevention of cell aging. Here, we demonstrate that SIRT3 expression is induced in an array of radiation-treated human tumor cells and their corresponding xenograft tumors, including colon cancer HCT-116, glioblastoma U87, and breast cancer MDA-MB231 cells. SIRT3 transcriptional activation is due to SIRT3 promoter activation controlled by the stress transcription factor NF-κB. Posttranscriptionally, SIRT3 enzymatic activity is further enhanced via Thr150/Ser159 phosphorylation by cyclin B1–CDK1, which is also induced by radiation and relocated to mitochondria together with SIRT3. Cells expressing Thr150Ala/Ser159Ala-mutant SIRT3 show a reduction in mitochondrial protein lysine deacetylation, Δψm, MnSOD activity, and mitochondrial ATP generation. The clonogenicity of Thr150Ala/Ser159Ala-mutant transfectants is lower and significantly decreased under radiation. Tumors harboring Thr150Ala/Ser159Ala-mutant SIRT3 show inhibited growth and increased sensitivity to in vivo local irradiation. These results demonstrate that enhanced SIRT3 transcription and posttranslational modifications in mitochondria contribute to adaptive radioresistance in tumor cells. CDK1-mediated SIRT3 phosphorylation is a potential effective target to sensitize tumor cells to radiotherapy. Mol Cancer Ther; 14(9); 2090–102. ©2015 AACR.
Antitumor Effects of MEHD7945A, a Dual-Specific Antibody against EGFR and HER3, in Combination with Radiation in Lung and Head and Neck Cancers
Authors: Li Chunrong , Huang Shyhmin , Armstrong Eric A. , Francis David M. , Werner Lauryn R. , Sliwkowski Mark X. , van der Kogel Albert , Harari Paul M. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractHuman epidermal growth factor receptor family members (EGFR, HER2, HER3, and HER4) play important roles in tumorigenesis and response to cancer therapeutics. In this study, we evaluated the capacity of the dual-target antibody MEHD7945A that simultaneously targets EGFR and HER3 to modulate radiation response in lung and head and neck cancer models. Antitumor effects of MEHD7945A in combination with radiation were evaluated in cell culture and tumor xenograft models. Mechanisms that may contribute to increased radiation killing by MEHD7945A, including DNA damage and inhibition of EGFR–HER signaling pathways, were analyzed. Immunohistochemical analysis of tumor xenografts was conducted to evaluate the effect of MEHD7945A in combination with radiation on tumor growth and microenvironment. MEHD7945A inhibited basal and radiation-induced EGFR and HER3 activation resulting in the inhibition of tumor cell growth and enhanced radiosensitivity. MEHD7945A was more effective in augmenting radiation response than treatment with individual anti-EGFR or anti-HER3 antibodies. An increase in DNA double-strand breaks associated γ-H2AX was observed in cells receiving combined treatment with MEHD7945A and radiation. Immunohistochemical staining evaluation in human tumor xenografts showed that MEHD7945A combined with radiation significantly reduced the expression of markers of tumor proliferation and tumor vasculature. These findings reveal the capacity of MEHD7945A to augment radiation response in lung and head and neck cancers. The dual EGFR/HER3–targeting action of MEHD7945A merits further investigation and clinical trial evaluation as a radiation sensitizer in cancer therapy. Mol Cancer Ther; 14(9); 2049–59. ©2015 AACR.