bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emerging trends and technologies in big data processing
Authors: Casado Rubén , Younas Muhammad 
Published: October 2014

SummaryBig Data encompasses large volume of complex structured, semi‐structured, and unstructured data, which is beyond the processing capabilities of conventional databases. The processing and analysis of Big Data now play a central role in decision making, forecasting, business analysis, product development, customer experience, and loyalty, to name but a few. In this paper, we examine the distinguishing characteristics of Big Data along the lines of the 3Vs: variety, volume, and velocity. Accordingly, the paper provides an insight into the main processing paradigms in relation to the 3Vs. It defines a lifecycle for Big Data processing and classifies various available tools and technologies in terms of the lifecycle phases of Big Data, which include data acquisition, data storage, data analysis, and data exploitation of the results. This paper is first of its kind that reviews and analyzes current trends and technologies in relation to the characteristics, evolution, and processing of Big Data. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ontology as a Service (OaaS): extending sub‐ontologies on the cloud
Authors: Flahive Andrew , Taniar David , Rahayu Wenny 
Published: October 2014

SummaryIn this paper, we introduce a new notion of Ontology as a Service, in which the ontology tailoring process serves as a service in the cloud. To illustrate Ontology as a Service, we propose sub‐ontology extraction and extension, whereby a sub‐ontology is extracted from the main ontology and is then extended to cover new concepts and relationships. We use a maximum extraction method to facilitate this. Unified Medical Language System meta‐thesaurus ontology is used as a walk‐through case study to illustrate our proposed methods. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gaseous Mediators in Temperature Regulation
Authors: Branco Luiz G.S. , Soriano Renato N. , Steiner Alexandre A. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractDeep body temperature (Tb) is kept relatively constant despite a wide range of ambient temperature variation. Nevertheless, in particular situations it is beneficial to decrease or to increaseTbin a regulated manner. Under hypoxia for instance a regulated drop inTb(anapyrexia) is key to reduce oxygen demand of tissues when oxygen availability is diminished, leading to an increased survival rate in a number of species when experiencing low levels of inspired oxygen. On the other hand, a regulated rise inTb(fever) assists the healing process. These regulated changes inTbare mediated by the brain, where afferent signals converge and the most important regions for the control ofTbare found. The brain (particularly some hypothalamic structures located in the preoptic area) modulates efferent activities that cause changes in heat production (modulating brown adipose tissue activity and perfusion, for instance) and heat loss (modulating tail skin vasculature blood flow, for instance). This review highlights key advances about the role of the gaseous neuromodulators nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in thermoregulation, acting both on the brain and the periphery. © 2014 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol4:1301‐1338, 2014.
Optimal resource allocation for energy efficiency in coordinated multicell OFDMA networks
Authors: Nguyen Hiep H. , Lee Suk‐Hwan , Hwang Won‐Joo 
Published: October 2014

SummaryBecause energy efficiency (EE) is inevitable in future wireless cellular networks, in this paper, we focus on improving the number of bits delivered to users for each unit energy consumption in the downlink of orthogonal frequency‐division multiple access cellular networks with base stations (BSs) coordination. Specifically, each BS shares the channel qualities of users with others and jointly choose the set of co‐channel users and the transmit power allocated to maximize the EE of the system subject to the transmit power ceiling of each BS and minimum required data rate. We formulate the problem as a nonlinear fractional optimization problem, using nonlinear fractional programming, the original hard‐to‐solve problem is transferred to a new one that has the same optimal solution and is easier to solve, this enables two iterative algorithms that achieve nearly the same maximum EE. Numerical results are provided to show the convergence and superiority of the two proposed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The application of eDNA for monitoring of the Great Crested Newt in the UK
Authors: Rees Helen C. , Bishop Keith , Middleditch David J. , Patmore James R. M. , Maddison Ben C. , Gough Kevin C. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractCurrent ecological surveys for great crested newts are time‐consuming and expensive and can only be carried out within a short survey window. Additional survey methods which would facilitate the detection of rare or protected species such as the great crested newt (Triturus cristatus) would be extremely advantageous. Environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis has been utilized for the detection of great crested newts in Denmark. Here, the same methodology has been applied to water samples taken from UK ponds concurrently with conventional field surveying techniques. Our eDNA analysis exhibited an 84% success rate with a kappa coefficient of agreement between field and eDNA surveys of 0.86. One pond determined to be negative for great crested newt by field survey was positive by eDNA analysis, revealing the potential for improved detection rates using this methodology. Analysis of water samples collected in late summer indicates that eDNA analysis could be used to detect great crested newt after the optimal survey window for current field techniques had passed. Consequently, eDNA analysis could augment currently stipulated techniques for great crested newt surveying as a relatively quick and inexpensive tool for collecting great crested newt presence and distribution data within the UK instead of or prior to full field surveys.
Endogenous and Exogenous Ligand‐Dependent Formation of a Superoxide‐Bridged Dicobalt(III) Complex and Mononuclear CoIII Complexes with Amide‐Based Macrocyclic Ligands
Authors: Kumar Sushil , Gupta Rajeev 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWe report superoxide‐bridged dicobalt(III) complex 1 supported by 13‐membered amide‐based macrocyclic ligand H2LH. Complex 1 displays a sharp radical‐type EPR spectrum (g = 2.031) and a short O–O distance (1.303 Å). Complex 1 can be synthesized by the reaction of in situ generated [Co2+(LH)] species with O2 or KO2 as well as by the reaction of (Et4N)[Co3+(LH)(Cl)2] (2) with KO2. In contrast, analogous macrocyclic ligands carrying Cl and CH3 substituents on the aromatic ring produced the mononuclear Co3+ complexes [Co(LCl)(Cl)(dmf)] (3) and [Co(LMe)(Cl)(dmf)] (4) under identical reaction conditions. Furthermore, the reaction of H2LH with Co(OAc)2 yielded the mononuclear Co3+ complex [Co(LH)(η2‐OAc)] (5) with a unique bidentate acetate group and a highly distorted six‐coordinate geometry around the metal. Steric factors induced by the endogenous and exogenous ligands are believed to control the formation of the distinct cobalt complexes.
Chemoselective Synthesis of 4,5‐Diarylpyrrolo[2,3‐d]pyrimidines (6,7‐Diaryl‐7‐deazapurines) by Consecutive Suzuki and Liebeskind–Srogl Cross‐Couplings
Authors: Krömer Matouš , Klečka Martin , Slavětínská Lenka , Klepetářová Blanka , Hocek Michal 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA new chemoselective synthesis of pyrrolo[2,3‐d]pyrimidines (7‐deazapurines) bearing two different aryl groups at positions 4 and 5 was developed based on two orthogonal cross‐couplings. Starting from 7‐benzyl‐protected 4‐(phenylsulfanyl)‐5‐iodopyrrolo[2,3‐d]pyrimidine, the Pd‐catalyzed Suzuki coupling with arylboronic acids proceeded selectively at position 5, followed by the Pd‐catalyzed Cu‐mediated Liebeskind–Srogl coupling at position 4. A small library of 4,5‐diaryl derivatives was prepared.
Geotechnical and construction operational criteria for the selection of full or partial‐face excavation / Kriterien zur Wahl von Voll‐ oder Teilausbruch aus geotechnischer und baubetrieblicher Sicht
Authors: Schubert Peter , Voringer Jürgen , Hofmann Bernd 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis paper deals with the boundary conditions regarding layout, geotechnics and economics required to make a full‐face excavation of a tunnel. A flowchart for decision‐making leads to four different excavation sequences. Unsuitable geometrical conditions and very unfavourable geotechnical conditions exclude full‐face excavation. Under other boundary conditions, a full‐face excavation may show economic advantages, which should be further exploited in our region.Dieser Artikel beurteilt die grundsätzlichen Randbedingungen für einen Vollausbruch hinsichtlich Layout, Geotechnik und Wirtschaftlichkeit. Ein Flussdiagramm der Entscheidungsfindung führt zu vier unterschiedlichen Vortriebsabläufen. Ungünstige geometrische Randbedingungen und sehr ungünstige geotechnische Verhältnisse führen zum Ausschluss eines Vollausbruchs. Unter den anderen Randbedingungen jedoch kann der Vollausbruch wirtschaftliche Vorteile bringen, die in unseren Breiten mehr als bisher genutzt werden sollten.
Tunnel spoil: Tipping or the end of the definition as waste / Tunnelausbruch: Deponierung oder Abfallende
Authors: Reichel Paul 
Published: October 2014

AbstractTunnel construction normally results in the production of large quantities of broken rock or soil. One essential question for the legal handling of this tunnel spoil is whether it is considered to be waste under the terms of European and national waste laws. The current paper therefore looks into the practically important question, under what preconditions tunnel spoil is legally considered to be waste and when the end of this property is reached. In this regard, it is first investigated whether and when tunnel spoil is waste under the terms of the Waste framework directive 2008/98/EC. Particular attention is paid to the applicable case law of the European Court of Justice (ECJ). Then the question is asked, to what extent tunnel spoil can be regarded as material excavated in the course of construction works under the terms of Art. 2 Sec. 1 lit. c of the waste directive, and is thus excepted from the scope of application of the directive. Finally, it is explained how the possible property of tunnel spoil as waste can end, including details of both the EU requirements and also national law.Beim Tunnelbau fallen in der Regel größere Mengen an gebrochenem Fels‐ oder Lockergestein an. Für den rechtlich zulässigen Umgang mit diesem Tunnelausbruch ist wesentlich, ob es sich dabei um Abfall im Sinne des europäischen und innerstaatlichen Abfallrechts handelt. Der vorliegende Beitrag geht daher der praktisch wichtigen Frage nach, unter welchen Voraussetzungen Tunnelausbruch rechtlich Abfall darstellt und wann ein Ende der Abfalleigenschaft erreicht wird. In diesem Zusammenhang wird zuerst untersucht, ob und wann Tunnelausbruch Abfall im Sinne der AbfallrahmenRL 2008/98/EG darstellt. Dabei wird insbesondere auf die maßgebliche Judikatur des Europäischen Gerichtshofs (EuGH) eingegangen. In der Folge wird geprüft, inwiefern Tunnelausbruch als im Zuge von Bauarbeiten ausgehobenes Material im Sinne von Art. 2 Abs. 1 lit. c AbfallrahmenRL angesehen werden kann, das vom Anwendungsbereich der Richtlinie ausgenommen ist. Schlussendlich wird erläutert, wie die mögliche Abfalleigenschaft von Tunnelausbruch enden kann. Dabei wird sowohl auf die unionsrechtlichen Vorgaben als auch auf die innerstaatliche Rechtslage eingegangen.
TBM‐specific testing scheme to assess the clogging tendency of rock / TBM‐spezifisches Untersuchungsschema zur Beurteilung der Verklebungsneigung von Fels
Authors: Thewes Markus , Hollmann Fritz 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAssessment of the clogging tendency of soils is mainly based on the consideration of soil mechanical parameters (plasticity index, liquidity index, grain size distribution). These parameters cannot be determined for solid rock, so the conventional assessment methods cannot be directly transferred to rock. A mechanised tunnel drive in solid rock can encounter critical clogging problems when water is present (groundwater, support slurry), the rock has a tendency to disintegrate (changeable solid rock) and the potential disintegration products are critical (grain size, mineralogical composition). The disintegration tendency of rock is normally determined in the slake durability test. The quantity‐based assessment of this test permits few statements about the disintegration products, since they are not tested any further. This paper presents an extension of the slake durability test, which includes systematic soil mechanical tests on the disintegration products. These can be assessed together with the slake durability index to investigate the clogging tendency.Die Bewertungsmöglichkeit der Verklebungsneigung von Lockergestein beruht vorwiegend auf der Betrachtung bodenmechanischer Kennwerte (Plastizitätszahl, Konsistenzzahl, Kornverteilung). Diese Kennwerte können bei Festgestein nicht ermittelt werden, sodass die bisherige Bewertungsmethode nicht direkt auf Fels übertragen werden kann. Ein maschineller Tunnelvortrieb im Festgestein kann hinsichtlich Verklebungen kritisch werden, wenn Wasser vorhanden ist (Bergwasser, Stützflüssigkeit), das Gestein eine Zerfallsneigung hat (veränderlich festes Gestein) und die potenziellen Zerfallsprodukte problematisch sind (Korngröße, mineralogische Zusammensetzung). Die Zerfallsneigung von Fels wird in der Regel mit dem Siebtrommelversuch (Slake‐Durability‐Test) bestimmt. Die mengenmäßige Auswertung dieses Versuchs erlaubt wenige Aussagen in Hinblick auf die Zerfallsprodukte, da diese nicht weiter untersucht werden. In diesem Beitrag wird eine Erweiterung des Siebtrommelversuchs vorgestellt, die systematische bodenmechanische Untersuchungen der Zerfallsprodukte beinhaltet. Diese können in Kombination mit der Zerfallsbeständigkeit hinsichtlich der Verklebungsneigung bewertet werden.
Bicarbonate transport in health and disease
Authors: Alka Kumari , Casey Joseph R. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBicarbonate (HCO3−) has a central place in human physiology as the waste product of mitochondrial energy production and for its role in pH buffering throughout the body. Because bicarbonate is impermeable to membranes, bicarbonate transport proteins are necessary to enable control of bicarbonate levels across membranes. In humans, 14 bicarbonate transport proteins, members of the SLC4 and SLC26 families, function by differing transport mechanisms. In addition, some anion channels and ZIP metal transporters contribute to bicarbonate movement across membranes. Defective bicarbonate transport leads to diseases, including systemic acidosis, brain dysfunction, kidney stones, and hypertension. Altered expression levels of bicarbonate transporters in patients with breast, colon, and lung cancer suggest an important role of these transporters in cancer. © 2014 IUBMB Life, 66(9):596–615, 2014
Arab Americans With Disabilities and Their Families: A Culturally Appropriate Approach for Counselors
Authors: Al Khateeb Jamal M. , Al Hadidi Muna S. , Al Khatib Amal J. 
Published: October 2014

The authors present a brief introduction to Americans of Arab descent and a brief overview of Arab culture. Then, culturally appropriate counseling considerations related to family, attitudes toward disability, religion, communication, acculturation, help‐seeking behaviors, and stereotypes are highlighted. In the last section, the authors provide conclusions and recommendations for culturally appropriate considerations in working with Arab Americans with disabilities and their families.Los autores presentan una breve introducción sobre los americanos de origen árabe y un breve resumen de la cultura árabe. Después, se destacan consideraciones para la consejería culturalmente apropiada relacionadas con la familia, actitudes sobre discapacidad, religión, comunicación, aculturación, comportamientos de búsqueda de ayuda, y estereotipos. En la última sección, los autores proporcionan conclusiones y recomendaciones para consideraciones culturalmente apropiadas a la hora de trabajar con americanos de origen árabe con discapacidades y sus familias.
Connexin 43 Channels Are Essential for Normal Bone Structure and Osteocyte Viability
Authors: Xu Huiyun , Gu Sumin , Riquelme Manuel A , Burra Sirisha , Callaway Danielle , Cheng Hongyun , Guda Teja , Schmitz James , Fajardo Roberto J , Werner Sherry L , Zhao Hong , Shang Peng , Johnson Mark L , Bonewald Lynda F , Jiang Jean X 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACT

Connexin (Cx) 43 serves important roles in bone function and development. Targeted deletion of Cx43 in osteoblasts or osteocytes leads to increased osteocyte apoptosis, osteoclast recruitment, and reduced biomechanical properties. Cx43 forms both gap junction channels and hemichannels, which mediate the communication between adjacent cells or between cell and extracellular environments, respectively. Two transgenic mouse models driven by a DMP1 promoter with the overexpression of dominant negative Cx43 mutants were generated to dissect the functional contribution of Cx43 gap junction channels and hemichannels in osteocytes. The R76W mutant blocks the gap junction channel, but not the hemichannel function, and the Δ130-136 mutant inhibits activity of both types of channels. Δ130-136 mice showed a significant increase in bone mineral density compared to wild-type (WT) and R76W mice. Micro–computed tomography (µCT) analyses revealed a significant increase in total tissue and bone area in midshaft cortical bone of Δ130-136 mice. The bone marrow cavity was expanded, whereas the cortical thickness was increased and associated with increased bone formation along the periosteal area. However, there is no significant alteration in the structure of trabecular bone. Histologic sections of the midshaft showed increased apoptotic osteocytes in Δ130-136, but not in WT and R76W, mice which correlated with altered biomechanical and estimated bone material properties. Osteoclasts were increased along the endocortical surface in both transgenic mice with a greater effect in Δ130-136 mice that likely contributed to the increased marrow cavity. Interestingly, the overall expression of serum bone formation and resorption markers were higher in R76W mice. These findings suggest that osteocytic Cx43 channels play distinctive roles in the bone; hemichannels play a dominant role in regulating osteocyte survival, endocortical bone resorption, and periosteal apposition, and gap junction communication is involved in the process of bone remodeling. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Determination of Anticyclic Citrullinated Peptide Based on Biotin–Streptavidin‐Amplified Time‐Resolved Fluoroimmunoassay
Authors: Sheng Huiming , Hu Zhi‐Gang , Liu Jie , Yuan Fenghong , Li Mei , Zou Yaohong , Chen Yu 
Published: October 2014

BackgroundA rapid and sensitive time‐resolved fluoroimmunoassay (TRFIA) based on the biotin–streptavidin amplification system was developed for the determination of anticyclic citrullinated peptide (anti‐CCP).MethodsEuropium‐labeled streptavidin derivatives combined with europium and anhydride of diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid were used to label streptavidin, biotin was coupled with rabbit anti‐human IgG to form a biotin–anti‐human IgG bridge between streptavidin–europium and the anti‐CCP antibody in the immunoassay. The anti‐CCP assay was carried out by measuring the fluorescence of Eu3+–streptavidin at 615 nm.ResultsThe presented method produced a wide linear range from 0.58 to 9,463 U/ml, while it was only 591.4–18.48 U/ml when using an ELISA kit, and featured a detection limit up to 0.5 U/ml for anti‐CCP. The values determined by the biotin–streptavidin–TRFIA and ELISA correlated well (R2 = 0.8927). The method was applied to determine anti‐CCP in serum samples with satisfied recoveries of 96.45–104.63%.ConclusionThe assay results obtained by the present method showed that biotin–streptavidin‐amplified TRFIA improve the traditional ELISA kit for anti‐CCP detection. Therefore, it offers a better alternative immunoassay in rheumatoid arthritis management.
Immunogold labeling shows that glycine‐cysteine‐rich beta‐proteins are deposited in the Oberhäutchen layer of snake epidermis in preparation to shedding
Authors: Alibardi Lorenzo 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTShedding in snakes is cyclical and derives from the differentiation of an intraepidermal shedding complex made of two different layers, termed clear and Oberhäutchen that determine the separation between the outer from the inner epidermal generation that produces a molt. The present comparative immunocytochemical study on the epidermis and molts of different species of snakes shows that a glycine‐cysteine‐rich corneous beta‐protein in a snake is prevalently accumulated in cells of the Oberhäutchen layer and decreases in those of the beta‐layer. The protein is variably distributed in the mature beta‐layer of species representing some snake families when the beta‐layer merges with the Oberhäutchen but disappears in alpha‐layers. Therefore, this protein represents an early marker of the transition between the outer and the inner epidermal generations in the epidermis of snakes in general. It is hypothesized that specific gene activation for glycine‐cysteine‐rich corneous beta‐proteins occurs during the passage from the clear layer of the outer epidermal generation to the Oberhäutchen layer of the replacing inner epidermal generation. It is suggested that in the epidermis of most species glycine‐cysteine‐rich corneous beta‐proteins form part of the dense corneous material that rapidly accumulates in the differentiating Oberhäutchen cells but decreases in the following beta‐layer of the inner epidermal generation destined to be separated from the previous outer generation in the process of shedding. The regulation of the synthesis of these and other proteins is, therefore, crucial in timing the different stages of the shedding cycle in lepidosaurian reptiles. J. Morphol. 276:144–151, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Beta‐cryptoxanthin as a source of vitamin A
Authors: Burri Betty J 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBeta‐cryptoxanthin is a common carotenoid that is found in fruit, and in human blood and tissues. Foods that are rich in beta‐cryptoxanthin include tangerines, persimmons and oranges. Beta‐cryptoxanthin has several functions that are important for human health, including roles in antioxidant defense and cell‐to‐cell communication. Most importantly, beta‐cryptoxanthin is a precursor of vitamin A, which is an essential nutrient needed for eyesight, growth, development and immune response. We evaluate the evidence for beta‐cryptoxanthin as a vitamin A‐forming carotenoid in this paper. Observational, in vitro, animal model and human studies suggest that beta‐cryptoxanthin has greater bioavailability from its common food sources than do alpha‐ and beta‐carotene from theirs. Although beta‐cryptoxanthin appears to be a poorer substrate for beta‐carotene 15,15′ oxygenase than is beta‐carotene, animal model and human studies suggest that the comparatively high bioavailability of beta‐cryptoxanthin from foods makes beta‐cryptoxanthin‐rich foods equivalent to beta‐carotene‐rich foods as sources of vitamin A. These results mean that beta‐cryptoxanthin‐rich foods are probably better sources of vitamin A, and more important for human health in general, than previously assumed. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.