bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revealing the making of OpenStreetMap: A limited account
Authors: Lin Wen 
Published: October 2014

AbstractOpenStreetMap (OSM), an open source mapping platform aiming to provide a free world map by registered users, has often been recognized as one of the prime examples of volunteered geographic information (VGI) construction. This is reflective of the recent exponential growth of user‐generated geographic data facilitated by Web 2.0 technologies and location‐aware devices. Notable efforts have been taken to investigate OSM developments and associated socio‐political implications. However, still little is known about those less active contributors who constitute the majority of the contributors or long tail contributors in OSM and many other VGI initiatives. I therefore present an account of the dynamics of OSM mapping practices including these long tail contributors. Based on this investigation, I argue for a broader conceptualization of “interactivity” in VGI mappings, one that moves beyond a narrow focus on the mapping interface regarding the encounters between these VGI contributors and VGI initiatives. I suggest that this is helpful to better capture these dynamic and heterogeneous mapping practices constituting the data and representation in OSM, which in turn may have wider implications for everyday mapping and knowledge production.
Effects of the long‐term administration of alendronate on the mechanical properties of the basal bone and on osseointegration
Authors: Verzola Mario Henrique A. , Frizzera Fausto , de Oliveira Guilherme J. P. L. , Pereira Rosa M. R. , Rodrigues‐Filho Ubirajara P. , Nonaka Keico Okino , Orrico Silvana R. P. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of the long‐term administration of alendronate on the mechanical properties of the basal bone and on osseointegration.Material and methodsOne hundred and sixty female rats were randomly allocated into two equally sized groups: the control (CTL) group, which received the subcutaneous administration of saline solution, and the alendronate (ALD) group, which received the subcutaneous administration of alendronate (1 mg/kg/week). After 120 days of these therapies, one implant was placed in each rat tibia. Ten animals in each group were euthanized at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 45, or 60 days after surgery. The tibias with implants evaluated regarding the removal torque, bone‐implant contact (BIC), the bone area fraction occupancy (BAFO), and Ca/P ratio. The femurs were evaluated regarding bone mineral density (BMD) and using mechanical tests to evaluate the maximal force of fracture, stiffness, and tenacity.ResultsThe ALD group presented statistically significant higher BMD (all periods except 15 days), maximal force of fracture (at 20, 30, and 45 days), tenacity (at 10, 20, 30, and 45 days), stiffness (45 days), removal torque (at 20, 25 and 30 days), BIC (at 20 and 60 days), and BAFO (at 20, 30, and 45 days) than the CTL group. No differences were found between the groups regarding the Ca/P ratio.ConclusionPrevious long‐term therapy with alendronate caused an increase in the BMD, maximal force of fracture of the bone without changing the inorganic composition and elastic deformability of this tissue. Furthermore, the ALD therapy enhanced osseointegration.
Global diversity patterns of freshwater fishes – potential victims of their own success
Authors: Pelayo‐Villamil Patricia , Guisande Cástor , Vari Richard P. , Manjarrés‐Hernández Ana , García‐Roselló Emilio , González‐Dacosta Jacinto , Heine Jürgen , González Vilas Luis , Patti Bernardo , Quinci Enza María , Jiménez Luz Fernanda , Granado‐Lorencio Carlos , Tedesco Pablo A. , Lobo Jorge M. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAimTo examine the pattern and cumulative curve of descriptions of freshwater fishes world‐wide, the geographical biases in the available information on that fauna, the relationship between species richness and geographical rarity of such fishes, as well as to assess the relative contributions of different environmental factors on these variables.LocationGlobal.MethodsModestR was used to summarize the geographical distribution of freshwater fish species using information available from data‐based geographical records. The first‐order jackknife richness estimator was used to estimate the completeness of such data in all terrestrial 1‐degree cells world‐wide. An α‐shape procedure was used to build range maps capable of providing relatively accurate species richness and geographical rarity values for each grid cell. We also examined the explanatory capacity of a high number of environmental variables using multiple regressions and Support Vector Machine.ResultsCumulative species description curves show that a high number of species of freshwater fishes remain to be discovered. Completeness values indicate that only 199 one‐degree grid cells, mainly located in eastern North America and Europe, could be considered as having relatively accurate inventories. Range maps provide species richness values that are positively and significantly related to those resulting from the first‐order jackknife richness estimator. The relationship between species richness and geographical rarity is triangular, so that these species‐rich cells are those with a higher proportion of distributionally rare species. Species richness is predicted by climatic and/or productivity variables but geographical rarity is not.Main conclusionsIn general, species‐rich tropical areas harbour a higher number of narrowly distributed species although comparatively species‐poor subtropical cells may also contain narrowly distributed species. Historical factors may help to explain the faunistic composition of these latter areas; a supposition also supported by the low predictive capacity of climatic and productivity variables on geographical rarity values.
Bimodal cue complex signifies suitable oviposition sites to gravid females of the common green bottle fly
Authors: Brodie Bekka , Gries Regine , Martins Alysha , VanLaerhoven Sherah , Gries Gerhard 
Published: October 2014

AbstractGravid females of the common green bottle fly,Lucilia sericataMeigen (Diptera:Calliphoridae), readily locate recently deceased vertebrates as oviposition sites, particularly when these animals have been injured. We investigated semiochemical and visual cues that mediate attraction of gravid females to fresh rat carrion. Female flies were more strongly attracted to incised rat carrion than to intact carrion. They were also attracted to Porapak Q headspace volatile (HSV) extract of incised rat carrion. Analyzing aliquots of Porapak QHSVextract by gas chromatographic‐electroantennographic detection revealed nine components [phenol,para‐ and/ormeta‐cresol (could not be separated), guaiacol, dimethyl trisulfide (DMTS), phenylacetaldehyde, (E)‐2‐octenal, nonanal, and tetramethyl pyrazine] that consistently elicited responses from blow fly antennae. In laboratory experiments, a synthetic blend of these nine components was as attractive to gravid females as Porapak QHSVextract, but blend attractiveness was due entirely toDMTS. In both laboratory and field experiments, increasing doses ofDMTSattracted increasingly more flies. Coupled withDMTS, carrion‐type color cues (dark red, black) were more effective than bright color cues (white, yellow) in attracting flies. In field experiments, dark traps baited withDMTScaptured a total of 214 calliphorid flies (200L. sericata, 10Lucilia illustrisMeigen, threeCalliphora vicinaRobineau‐Desvoidy, oneCalliphora vomitoriaL.), all of which were gravid females. These results support the conclusion thatDMTSand dark color represent a bimodal cue complex that signifies suitable oviposition sites to gravid calliphorid females, particularlyL. sericata.
Indicators for the estimation of vulnerability to land degradation derived from soil compaction and vegetation cover
Authors: Imbrenda V. , D'emilio M. , Lanfredi M. , Macchiato M. , Ragosta M. , Simoniello T. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryThe increasing incidence of soil degradation requires monitoring strategies adapted to the scale of interest. We propose an innovative approach to the large‐scale investigation of predominantly green areas where healthy vegetation is the clue to identifying vital and protected soil. We started with the well‐established environmentally sensitive areas (ESA) model, which provides an evaluation of overall land vulnerability that is based on structural, biophysical and socio‐economic indicators. To improve the estimation of soil vulnerability, we integrated information on the potential extent of compaction caused by agricultural machinery. To differentiate the degree of degradation in areas that show similar potential vulnerability we included information on the temporal variation of photosynthetic activity in the model for early detection of the soil's reduced ability to carry out ecosystem services and functions. Satellite data were used to obtain vegetation cover properties to integrate into the ESA model to improve estimation of land degradation in southern Italy, where both natural and agricultural areas are widespread. Inclusion of the temporal dimension is essential for discriminating between different degrees of soil productivity in areas characterized by similar structural conditions. Our procedure is adaptable, user‐friendly and easily transferable.
Knowing the risk of SUDEP: Two family's perspectives and The Danny Did Foundation
Authors: Stevenson Mark J. , Stanton Thomas F. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryThere is much debate in the epilepsy community about whether neurologists should discuss the risk of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) with their patients and family members. Those in favor purport that patients have a right to know about SUDEP. Opponents say the risk is so low that discussions only worry patients and families, especially if there is nothing that can be done to prevent SUDEP. North American surveys show that the epilepsy community knows little about SUDEP and neurologists are unlikely to talk about it. However, surveys of those bereaved by SUDEP show that an overwhelming majority of the parents, spouses, and family members want to be told about SUDEP immediately after the diagnosis of epilepsy. This article is written by two families bereaved by SUDEP and their strong belief that neurologists should have the discussion about the risk of SUDEP soon after the diagnosis of epilepsy.
KCNK18 (TRESK) Genetic Variants in Italian Patients With Migraine
Authors: Rainero Innocenzo , Rubino Elisa , Gallone Salvatore , Zavarise Paola , Carli Daniela , Boschi Silvia , Fenoglio Pierpaola , Savi Lidia , Gentile Salvatore , Benna Paolo , Pinessi Lorenzo , Dalla Volta Giorgio 
Published: October 2014

ObjectivesTo evaluate the prevalence of KCNK18 gene mutations in a dataset of Italian migraineurs, with and without aura, and in healthy controls, and to investigate in silico the functional effects of the mutations.BackgroundA role for the KCNK18 gene encoding for TRESK, a member of the family of potassium channel, has been recently suggested in migraine with aura.MethodsWe sequenced the KCNK18 gene in 425 migraineurs (255 with aura and 170 without aura) and 247 healthy controls.ResultsFive genetic variants (R10G, C110R, Y163Y, S231P, and F372L) were found in 13 (5.1%) out of 255 migraine with aura patients, and 6 variants (R10G, D46D, C110R, Y163Y, S178T, and S231P) were identified in 12 (7.1%) out of 170 migraine without aura patients. In 2.8% of controls, the R10G and L20V substitutions were found. In silico analysis suggested that C110R, S178T, S231P, and F372L mutations may have potential damaging effect on channel function, whereas the remaining mutations may have low damaging effect.ConclusionsOur study shows the presence of several KCNK18 gene mutations in both migraine with aura and migraine without aura. However, the precise role of this gene in migraine predisposition deserves further studies.
Enzymatically interesterified fats based on mutton tallow and walnut oil suitable for cosmetic emulsions
Authors: Kowalska M. , Mendrycka M. , Zbikowska A. , Stawarz S. 
Published: October 2014

SynopsisObjectiveFormation of emulsion systems based on interesterified fats was the objective of the study. Enzymatic interesterification was carried out between enzymatic mutton tallow and walnut oil in the proportions 2 : 3 (w/w) to produce fats not available in nature. At the beginning of the interesterification process, the balance between the interesterification and fat hydrolysis was intentionally disturbed by adding more water to the catalyst (Lipozyme IR MR) of the reaction to produce more of the polar fraction monoacylglycerols [MAGs] and diacylglycerols [DAGs]. To obtain a greater quantity of MAGs and DAGs in the reaction environment via hydrolysis, water was added (11, 13, 14, 16 w‐%) to the enzymatic preparation. The obtained fats were used to form emulsions.MethodsThe emulsions were evaluated with respect to sensory and skin moisturizing properties by 83 respondents. Determination of emulsion stability using temperature and centrifugal tests was carried out. Morphology and the type of emulsions were determined.ResultsThe respondents described the skin to which the emulsions in testing were applied as smooth, pleasant to touch and adequately moisturized.ConclusionsThe work has demonstrated that interesterification of a mutton tallow and walnut oil blend resulted in new fats with very interesting characteristics of triacylglycerols that are not present in the environment. The results of the present work indicate the possibility of application of fats with the largest quantity of MAGs and DAGs as a fat base of emulsions in the cosmetic industries. The hypothesis assumed in this work of producing additional quantities of MAGs and DAGs (in the process of enzymatic interesterification) responsible for the stability of the system was confirmed. It should be pointed out that the emulsions based on interesterified fats exhibited a greater level of moisturization of the skin than the emulsions containing non‐interesterified fat. Also, in the respondents' opinion, the emulsion containing fat, which was modified during enzymatic interesterification when 13% of water was added to the enzymatic preparation, exhibited the best sensory profile.
Shaping safe drinking cultures: evoking positive emotion to promote moderate‐drinking behaviour
Authors: Previte Josephine , Russell‐Bennett Rebekah , Parkinson Joy 
Published: October 2014

AbstractSocial marketing by Western governments that use fear tactics and threatening information to promote anti‐drinking messages has polarized ‘binge drinking’ and ‘moderate drinking’ through a continuum that implies benefits and harms for both individuals and society. With the goal of extending insights into social marketing approaches that promote safer drinking cultures in Australia, we discuss findings from a study that examines alcohol consumers' moderate‐drinking intentions. By applying the theory of planned behaviour and emotions theory, we discuss survey results from a sample of alcohol consumers, which demonstrate that positively framed value propositions that evoke happiness and love are more influential in the processing of an alcohol moderation message for alcohol consumers. The key limitations of this study are the cross‐sectional nature of the data and the focal‐dependent variable being behavioural intentions rather than behaviours. Research insight into the stronger influence of positive emotions on processing an alcohol moderation message establishes an important avenue for future social marketing communications that moves beyond negative, avoidance appeals to promote behaviour change in drinkers. These research findings will benefit professionals involved in developing social change campaigns that promote and reinforce consumers' positive intentions, with messages about the benefits of controlled, moderate drinking.
Effect of oven temperature profile and different baking conditions on final cake quality
Authors: Shahapuzi Nur Syafikah , Taip Farah Saleena , Ab Aziz Norashikin , Ahmedov Anvarjon 
Published: October 2014

SummaryThis study discusses the effect of airflow on oven temperature profiles, the internal cake temperature and the final cake quality. It was found that the presence of airflow reduced the oscillation in the oven temperature profile from 12.98–30.27% to 3.17–4.02%. The bottom of the oven chamber experienced the greatest reduction in temperature oscillation in the presence of airflow. During the second stage of baking with airflow, the heating rate was increased from 5.07 to 7.52 °C min−1 and 8.35 °C min−1 to the increase of the baking temperature from 160 to 170 °C and 180 °C, respectively. The cake volume expansion rate was also increased 5–10% during second stage when baking with airflow condition. The cakes baked in the presence of airflow had a more porous crumb texture and lower moisture content compared to the cakes baked without airflow.
Interleukin‐4 single nucleotide polymorphisms in juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Mahmoudi M. , Tahghighi F. , Ziaee V. , Harsini S. , Rezaei A. , Soltani S. , Sadr M. , Moradinejad M. H. , Aghighi Y. , Rezaei N. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryJuvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (JSLE) is a chronic, recurrent multisystem inflammatory disease, caused by a combination of environmental events and genetic risk factors. As cytokines, including interleukin‐4 (IL‐4), seem to have a role in the pathogenesis of JSLE, the investigation was performed to evaluate the associations of specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of IL‐4 and IL‐4RA genes in a case–control study. Fifty‐nine patients with JSLE were recruited in this study as patients' group and compared with 140 healthy volunteers. Genotyping was performed for IL‐4 gene at positions −1098, −590 and −33, as well as IL‐4 receptor α (IL‐4RA) gene at position +1902, using polymerase chain reaction with sequence‐specific primers method. Following alleles were found to be more common among patients with JSLE: C at −590 and −33 and T at −1098 of IL‐4 gene (P value < 0.001; OR = 4.6, P value < 0.001; OR = 2.7 and P value < 0.001; OR = 2.1, respectively). Additionally, significant positive associations for the following genotypes were recognized in JSLE cases, compared with controls: C/C at −33, C/C at −590 and T/T at −1098 of IL‐4 gene (P value < 0.001; OR = 5.3, P value < 0.001; OR = 29.5 and P value < 0.001; OR = 3.3, respectively), while following genotypes were less frequent among patients with JSLE: T/C at −33 and −590 and T/G at −1098 of IL‐4 gene (P value < 0.001; OR = 0.1, P value < 0.001; OR = 0.03 and P value < 0.001; OR = 0.3, respectively). Furthermore, we noticed an astonishing negative haplotypic association for JSLE for IL‐4 (positions −1098, −509 and −33) TTC, GCC and TTT haplotypes (P value < 0.001). There was also a significant relationship between TCC haplotype (IL‐4 gene at positions −1098, −590 and −33) and having JSLE (P value < 0.001). On the other hand, we found no significant associations between IL‐4R polymorphisms and the susceptibility to JSLE. Cytokine gene polymorphisms may influence susceptibility to JSLE. Particular IL‐4 gene variants are associated with JSLE and might have a role in the pathophysiology of disease.
Evaluation of the Sebia Minicap Flex Piercing capillary electrophoresis for hemoglobinopathy testing
Authors: Oyaert M. , Van Laer C. , Claerhout H. , Vermeersch P. , Desmet K. , Pauwels S. , Kieffer D. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryIntroductionCapillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) at alkaline pH is one of the techniques used for hemoglobinopathy screening. In this study, an evaluation of the performance of a lower throughput CZE instrument, the Sebia Minicap Flex Piercing system, for this purpose is reported for the first time.MethodsThe analytical performance of the Sebia Minicap Flex Piercing system was evaluated. Furthermore, a method comparison between the Sebia Minicap Flex Piercing and two HPLC methods, that is, the Bio‐Rad Variant Classic™ and the Bio‐Rad D‐10™ systems was performed by measuring samples with and without clinically relevant hemoglobin disorders.ResultsThe analytical performance was acceptable for the determination of HbA, HbA2, HbS, and HbF, with an imprecision ≤2.0%. Method comparison showed a linear correlation for HbA2, HbF, and HbS measurements. Clinical concordance was acceptable when comparing CZE and HPLC.ConclusionsLower throughput CZE using the Sebia Minicap Flex Piercing can be used for precise and accurate first line screening and follow‐up of hemoglobinopathies.
Advantages of Susceptibility-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Sequences in the Visualization of Intravascular Thrombi in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Allibert R. , Grand C. Billon , Vuillier F. , Cattin F. , Muzard E. , Biondi A. , Moulin T. , Medeiros E. 
Published: October 2014

Background In gradient echo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), intravascular thrombi (IT) can appear as vascular susceptibility artifacts, linked to local presence of intra-arterial deoxyhaemoglobin, and called susceptibility vessel signs (SVS). Aims Our objectives were to evaluate the sensitivity of susceptibility-weighted sequences, such as T2* weighted angiography (SWAN) in the visualization of SVS compared with T2*, to consider whether it enabled a better understanding of the importance of SVS, and to compare cerebral circulation regulation profiles according to the localization of the SVS (i.e. proximal or distal). Methods We prospectively studied the clinical and imaging data of 78 consecutive patients admitted for acute cerebral ischemia to the stroke unit of Besançon University Hospital between 1 April 2009 and 31 January 2010. Results An SVS was visualized in 44/78 (56%) patients using SWAN and in 13/78 (16%) patients using T2*. All the SVS visible using T2* were also visible on the SWAN. The interobserver kappa score was 0·72 [CI (0·53–0·91)] for T2*, 0·72 [CI (0·57–0·87)] for SWAN, and weighted kappa was 0·77 [CI (0·61–0·92)] for both T2* and SWAN. When an MCA occlusion was visible on MRA imaging (22/78 patients), a SVS was visualized in 7/22 cases (31·8%) using T2* and in 20/22 cases (91%) using SWAN. When the occlusion was visible in the M1 or M2 segments (17/78 patients), an SVS was visualized in 6/17 cases (35·3%) using T2* and in 15/17 cases (88·2%) using SWAN. When the occlusion was visible in the M3 segment (5/78 patients), an SVS was visualized in 1/5 cases (20%) using T2* and in 5/5 cases (100%) using SWAN. Presence of SVS was not associated with cardioembolic etiology of the stroke. Conclusions SWAN was more sensitive than T2* in the visualization of SVS in the intracranial arteries during the acute phase of ischemic stroke. Our study shows that the low number of SVS visualized using T2* in previous studies is probably related to a lack of sensitivity of the sequence, rather than to the nature or age of the thrombus. The greater sensitivity of SWAN seems to be linked to the visualization of SVS in cases of small thrombi.