bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protected areas alleviate climate change effects on northern bird species of conservation concern
Authors: Virkkala Raimo , Pöyry Juha , Heikkinen Risto K. , Lehikoinen Aleksi , Valkama Jari 
Published: July 2014

AbstractGlobal climate change is a major threat to biodiversity, posing increasing pressures on species to adapt in situ or shift their ranges. A protected area network is one of the main instruments to alleviate the negative impacts of climate change. Importantly, protected area networks might be expected to enhance the resilience of regional populations of species of conservation concern, resulting in slower species loss in landscapes with a significant amount of protected habitat compared to unprotected landscapes. Based on national bird atlases compiled in 1974–1989 and 2006–2010, this study examines the recent range shifts in 90 forest, mire, marshland, and Arctic mountain heath bird species of conservation concern in Finland, as well as the changes in their species richness in protected versus unprotected areas. The trends emerging from the atlas data comparisons were also related to the earlier study dealing with predictions of distributional changes for these species for the time slice of 2051–2080, developed using bioclimatic envelope models (BEMs). Our results suggest that the observed changes in bird distributions are in the same direction as theBEM‐based predictions, resulting in a decrease in species richness of mire and Arctic mountain heath species and an increase in marshland species. The patterns of changes in species richness between the two time slices are in general parallel in protected and unprotected areas. However, importantly, protected areas maintained a higher level of species richness than unprotected areas. This finding provides support for the significance and resilience provision of protected area networks in preserving species of conservation concern under climate change.
Assessing the impact of large‐scale water table modifications on riparian trees: a case study from Australia
Authors: Pfautsch Sebastian , Dodson Wade , Madden Sally , Adams Mark A. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractMining below groundwater tables is increasing globally, yet little is known of how associated large‐scale modification of water tables impact functioning of surrounding ecosystems. We used measurements of foliage density (ρF) and sapwood‐related sap flow (QS) to assess effects of depth to groundwater on Eucalyptus victrix, a tree species that is common in riparian zones in central and northern parts of Australia.Foliage density (ρF) varied with season and among sites. Of itself, ρF provided a partial indicator of how trees responded to falling (more than 10 m) and rising (more than 9 m) water tables. Assessment of QS was highly informative. Across all sites, QS was least (90–130 l m−2 sapwood h−1) where groundwater was naturally deep (30 m) or had fallen substantially over the past 4 years (from 8 to 19 m). Fastest rates of QS (>245 l m−2 sapwood h−1) were recorded where groundwater had risen to a depth similar to a site where depth to groundwater remained stable at 6–7 m. Our analyses of daytime and night‐time QS emphasize that water use by E. victrix is highly plastic and opportunistic. We discuss how empirical analysis of QS, coupled with a sound understanding of local hydrogeology, can help assess responses in ecosystem function to large‐scale modification of groundwater levels – an important issue globally, as well as in Australia. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An A‐CAES pilot installation in the distribution system: A technical study for RES integration
Authors: Lombardi Pio , Röhrig Christian , Rudion Krzysztof , Marquardt Roland , Müller‐Mienack Matthias , Estermann André S. , Styczynski Zbigniew A. , Voropai Nikolai I. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIn the last decade in Europe, the power generated by Renewable Energy Sources (RES) has significantly increased. For the electric power system, the integration of a high amount of power generated by RES represents a big challenge. Energy Storage Systems (ESS) may help to solve problems related to the grid integration of RES. In this study, an analysis of the benefits that a planned and dedicated Adiabatic Compressed Air Energy Storage (A‐CAES) system may provide to a distribution network with a high penetration of RES will be carried out. The A‐CAES system, taken into account in this investigation, is based on the proposed German study so‐called “ADELE project”. The technical benefits as well as the corresponding costs that A‐CAES brings to the system which were analyzed using the load and RES generation time series for 2010 and 2020, and were based on technical data from a selected part of a German distribution power network, were evaluated and results of those broad investigations are presented in this study. The result of the investigations shows that the direct technical benefits are quite limited for the A‐CAES technology as it exists today.
Encoding of nested levels of acoustic regularity in hierarchically organized areas of the human auditory cortex
Authors: Recasens Marc , Grimm Sabine , Wollbrink Andreas , Pantev Christo , Escera Carles 
Published: July 2014

AbstractOur auditory system is able to encode acoustic regularity of growing levels of complexity to model and predict incoming events. Recent evidence suggests that early indices of deviance detection in the time range of the middle‐latency responses (MLR) precede the mismatch negativity (MMN), a well‐established error response associated with deviance detection. While studies suggest that only the MMN, but not early deviance‐related MLR, underlie complex regularity levels, it is not clear whether these two mechanisms interplay during scene analysis by encoding nested levels of acoustic regularity, and whether neuronal sources underlying local and global deviations are hierarchically organized. We registered magnetoencephalographic evoked fields to rapidly presented four‐tone local sequences containing a frequency change. Temporally integrated local events, in turn, defined global regularities, which were infrequently violated by a tone repetition. A global magnetic mismatch negativity (MMNm) was obtained at 140–220 ms when breaking the global regularity, but no deviance‐related effects were shown in early latencies. Conversely, Nbm (45–55 ms) and Pbm (60–75 ms) deflections of the MLR, and an earlier MMNm response at 120–160 ms, responded to local violations. Distinct neuronal generators in the auditory cortex underlay the processing of local and global regularity violations, suggesting that nested levels of complexity of auditory object representations are represented in separated cortical areas. Our results suggest that the different processing stages and anatomical areas involved in the encoding of auditory representations, and the subsequent detection of its violations, are hierarchically organized in the human auditory cortex. Hum Brain Mapp 35:5701–5716, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Salivary gland function after sialendoscopy for treatment of chronic radioiodine‐induced sialadenitis
Authors: Kim Young‐Mo , Choi Jeong‐Seok , Hong Seong Bin , Hyun In Young , Lim Jae‐Yol 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to determine whether sialendoscopy could ameliorate radioactive iodine‐induced obstructive sialadenitis and restore the salivary gland dysfunction in recalcitrant radioactive iodine sialadenitis.MethodsTen patients with 15 parotid glands of chronic radioactive iodine sialadenitis who did not respond to medical treatment were enrolled in this prospective study. We assessed subjective symptom scores and evaluated the objective salivary gland functions before and 3 months after sialendoscopy.ResultsThe post‐sialendoscopic obstructive symptoms were significantly improved relative to pre‐sialendoscopy (p = .009). Xerostomia‐related symptom scores post‐sialendoscopy did not differ significantly from the pre‐sialendoscopy scores. Stimulated salivary flow rate post‐sialendoscopy tended to increase relative to pre‐sialendoscopy. No pre‐sialendoscopic parameters associated with salivary uptake and secretion by salivary gland scintigraphy were significantly improved post‐sialendoscopy.ConclusionThese results show that sialendoscopy can improve obstructive symptoms; however, it seems to have some limitations for relief of xerostomia and improvement of salivary gland dysfunctions in recalcitrant chronic radioactive iodine sialadenitis. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 51–58, 2016
Oxygen enrichment with magnesium peroxide for minimizing hypoxic stress of flooded corn
Authors: Liu Guodong , Porterfield David Marshall 
Published: July 2014

AbstractFlooding/waterlogging is a major factor responsible for hypoxic stress in agriculture. The aim of this study was to develop an effective oxygen buffer with magnesium peroxide (MgO2) to generate hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and release bioavailable oxygen. MgO2 provided a relatively stable level (approx. 300 µM) of bioavailable oxygen. The oxygen‐buffer system is adjustable and controllable by adding Mg2+ or EDTA to the aqueous system. Regular H2O2 was also able to provide bioavailable oxygen but the system was poorly buffered with respect to oxygen release. The accessibility of plants to bioavailable oxygen was indicated by the activity of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADHase, EC 1.1.1.1), an anaerobically induced enzyme of flooded plants. The application of MgO2 to flooded soil reduced ADHase activity in corn‐root tips by 91.3%. This application of MgO2 presents a novel pathway to significantly (P < 5%) minimize adverse impacts of hypoxia on flooded corn seedlings. This finding may have broad implications for addressing hypoxicity problems in crop science and technology.
The Characteristic Objects Method: A New Distance‐based Approach to Multicriteria Decision‐making Problems
Authors: Sałabun Wojciech 
Published: July 2014

AbstractMulticriteria decision‐making (MCDM) methods are concerned with the ranking of alternatives based on expert judgements made using a number of criteria. In the MCDM field, the distance‐based approach is one popular method for obtaining a final ranking. The technique for order preference by similarity to the ideal solution (TOPSIS) is a commonly used example of this kind of MCDM method. The TOPSIS ranks the alternatives with respect to their geometric distance from the positive and negative ideal solutions. Unfortunately, two reference points are often insufficient, especially for nonlinear problems. As a consequence of this situation, the final result ranking is prone to errors, including the rank reversals phenomenon.This study proposes a new distance‐based MCDM method: the characteristic objects method. In this approach, the preferences of each alternative are obtained on the basis of the distance from the nearest characteristic objects and their values. For this purpose, we have determined the domain and Fuzzy number set for all the considered criteria. The characteristic objects are obtained as the combination of the crisp values of all the Fuzzy numbers. The preference values of all the characteristic object are determined on the basis of the tournament method and the principle of indifference. Finally, the Fuzzy model is constructed and is used to calculate preference values of the alternatives, making it a multicriteria model that is free of rank reversal. The numerical example is used to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed method with respect to results from the TOPSIS method. The characteristic objects method results are more realistic than the TOPSIS results. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ranking of Drivers for Green Manufacturing Implementation Using Fuzzy Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution Method
Authors: Mittal Varinder Kumar , Sangwan Kuldip Singh 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe governments are under tremendous pressure to sustain high manufacturing growth in emerging economies. Unfortunately, the manufacturing sector consumes much energy and other resources and emits a large amount of green house gases, which increases environmental problems such as climate change and global warming. One possible solution to this problem is green manufacturing (GM) implementation in industry. However, GM implementation faces many challenges. Various motivating factors named as ‘drivers’ should be facilitated by the government and industry to make this change possible. This paper investigates the drivers for GM implementation and their ranking based on fuzzy technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution method using government, industry and experts perspectives. The study concluded that competitiveness, incentives, organizational resources and technology are top ranked drivers and should be facilitated by the government and industry to help implement GM. The ranking of these drivers is expected to help the government and industry to focus on few important drivers to facilitate the GM implementation with limited resources. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thrombosis of the torcular herophili in the fetus: a series of eight cases
Authors: Corral Edgardo , Stecher Ximena , Malinger Gustavo , Ochoa Jose H. , de Catte Luc , Sepulveda Waldo 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe objective of this study was to describe the prenatal sonographic and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, antenatal course, and pregnancy outcome in fetuses diagnosed as having thrombosis of the torcular herophili.MethodsRetrospective review of cases collected from five fetal medicine referral centers.ResultsEight cases that were prenatally diagnosed by ultrasound between 22 and 32 weeks of gestation were reviewed. Seven cases were further evaluated with fetal MRI. Associated findings included torcular and superior sagittal sinus dilatation in all cases and ventriculomegaly in two (25%) cases. Serial sonographic follow‐up scans demonstrated a favorable antenatal course with complete resolution before delivery in four (50%) cases. Postnatal follow‐up from 6 months to 5 years revealed normal outcome in four (50%) infants, speech disabilities in three (38%), and mild neurodevelopmental delay in the remaining case (13%).ConclusionsPrenatal sonography is an effective method for diagnosing and monitoring thrombosis of the torcular herophili. As a complementary technique, fetal MRI can provide additional information to rule out cerebral parenchymal lesions secondary to hypoperfusion and associated brain malformations. According to our experience, the thrombus almost invariably resolves over time, although mild neurologic disabilities are frequent on long‐term follow‐up. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Azithromycin inhibits nuclear factor‐κB activation during lung inflammation: an in vivo imaging study
Authors: Stellari Fabio F. , Sala Angelo , Donofrio Gaetano , Ruscitti Francesca , Caruso Paola , Topini Thomas M. , Francis Kevin P. , Li Xiaojian , Carnini Chiara , Civelli Maurizio , Villetti Gino 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe studied in vivo the potential involvement of nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) pathway in the molecular mechanism of the anti‐inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity of azithromycin in the lung. Mice transiently transfected with the luciferase gene under the control of a NF‐κB responsive element were used to assess in vivo NF‐κB activation by bioluminescence imaging. Bioluminescence as well as inflammatory cells and concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids, were monitored in an acute model of pulmonary inflammation resulting from intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) instillation induced a marked increase in lung bioluminescence in mice transiently transfected with the luciferase gene under the control of an NF‐κB responsive element, with significant luciferase expression in resident cells such as endothelial and epithelial cells, as assessed by duoplex immunofluorescence staining. Activation of NF‐κB and inflammatory cell lung infiltration linearly correlated when different doses of bortezomib were used to inhibit NF‐κB activation. Pretreatment with azithromycin significantly decreased lung bioluminescence and airways cell infiltration induced by LPS, also reducing proinflammatory cytokines concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavages and inhibiting NF‐κB nuclear translocation. The results obtained using a novel approach to monitor NF‐κB activation, provided, for the first time, in vivo evidence that azithromycin treatment results in pulmonary anti‐inflammatory activity associated with the inhibition of NF‐κB activation in the lung.
Punishment
Authors: Goodwin Geoffrey P. , Gromet Dena M. 
Published: July 2014

Retributivism is a deontological theory of punishment that calls for the deserved punishment of a guilty offender in proportion with his moral blameworthiness for a past offense. It is often referred to as punishment based on ‘just deserts’, and it contrasts with consequentialist theories that ground punishment in its potentially beneficial future consequences. Rich philosophical debate surrounds the appropriateness of retributivism. From a psychological perspective, the key question concerns whether retributivism underlies ordinary individuals' desire for the legal punishment of wrongdoers. Past research in social psychology has answered this question in the affirmative. However, much of this existing evidence requires a new look, because it is premised on a fundamental ambiguity. We review alternative evidence for the existence of retributive motives from lesser‐known correlational studies, and from studies of the punishment of companies and animals. We also explore the links between retributivism and restorative justice—an alternative justice approach that focuses on repairing the harms caused by an offense. Although often cast as diametrically opposed to one another, retributive and restorative justice in fact share more in common than is often supposed. Both are premised on notions of deservingness, and their goals can be achieved by the same action (i.e., retributive punishment can restore victims). In all areas of the research we review, more work is needed to better understand: retributivism directed at human offenders, the commonalities and discontinuities between retributive and restorative justice, and how the notion of desert structures moral life and thought more generally.WIREs Cogn Sci2014, 5:561–572. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1301This article is categorized under:Psychology > Emotion and MotivationPsychology > Reasoning and Decision MakingPhilosophy > Value
The experience error and the perils of psychopsychology
Authors: Pomerantz James R. 
Published: July 2014

‘The stimuli were four similar yellow objects flashing on a white background’. These words might not raise eyebrows when read in a research paper, but they should, because they probably commit the experience error (EE), in which the structure of our percepts is attributed to the stimulus rather than to our perceptual system. These words are less a description of the physical stimulus than of how that stimulus appears to human observers. That is problematic because perception is often incomplete or illusory. When we commit the EE, we confuse the external, physical stimulus with a response, namely our perception of it. Thus, we may end up relating psychological responses to stimuli solely to our psychological descriptions of those stimuli. This in turn may transform psychophysics into ‘psychopsychology’ and thus inadvertently leave the physical world out of our explanation of perception; and it may potentially demote proper experiments to correlational studies that lack the capacity to support inferences about cause and effect. Identified long ago, the EE is nearly forgotten today. We aim to reintroduce, clarify, and illustrate the idea more clearly, as well as to suggest possible preventions or cures. WIREs Cogn Sci 2014, 5:509–517. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1302This article is categorized under:

Psychology > Attention
Psychology > Perception and Psychophysics
Psychology > Theory and Methods
Syntheses, Structures, and Photoluminescence of Two Three‐dimensional Cadmium Coordination Polymers with Benzene­dicarboxylate Ligands
Authors: Yao Yang , Wang Yu‐Ling , Xiahou Zuo‐Juan , Liu Qing‐Yan 
Published: July 2014

AbstractTwo cadmium(II) coordination polymers, namely, [Cd3(m‐phth)2(atz)2]n (1) (m‐phth = m‐phthalate and atz = 3‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazolate) and [Cd(atphth)(H2O)]n (2) (atphth = 2‐aminoterephthalate), were synthesized and structurally characterized. Compound 1 features a three‐dimensional (3D) pillared framework based on two‐dimensional (2D) cadmium‐benzenedicarboxylate ladders pillared by the triazolate ligands. Compound 2 has a 3D framework constructed from 2D cadmium‐benzenedicarboxylate layers, which are further linked by Cd–N bonds between the cadmium ions and amino groups of the atphth2– ligands of the adjacent layers to form the final 3D structure. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibit solid‐state photoluminescence with emission maxima at 448 and 470 nm, respectively.
An Assessment of Genetic Counseling Services for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Skinner Stephanie , Guimond Colleen , Butler Rachel , Dwosh Emily , Traboulsee Anthony L. , Sadovnick A. Dessa 
Published: July 2014

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) affects up to 1/500 Canadians. The University of British Columbia MS Clinic (UBC Clinic) is the only MS clinic in Canada (and likely internationally) that routinely offers genetic counseling to patients and their families. A typical session includes the collection of family history and demographic data, discussion of the inheritance of MS, interpretation of family‐specific recurrence risks and psychosocial counseling. The aims of this study were to explore patients’: 1) expectations of the genetic counseling session; 2) understanding of the etiology of MS (both pre and post‐session); and 3) post‐session perceptions of genetic counseling. A two‐part questionnaire to assess genetic counseling services was distributed before and after sessions to all consenting patients seen during the period October 1, 2008 to February 28, 2009 inclusive. Sixty‐two completed questionnaires were analysed. Genetic counseling was found to significantly increase the number of individuals who were able to correctly identify the etiology of MS (p < 0.001). Patient satisfaction with genetic counseling was high, with an average satisfaction score of 32.4/35 (92.6 %). Of those who provided comments (n = 42/60) regarding the usefulness of the genetic counseling session, 95.2 % reported it useful (n = 40/42). Findings suggest that genetic counseling is effective in increasing patients’ knowledge of the etiology of MS and is viewed by patients as a useful service. Based on the high level of positive feedback regarding genetic counseling by the study sample, this study suggests that the services provided by genetic counselors may be beneficial for patients with MS seen in other centers.