bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advancements in deep learning for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis: A comprehensive exploration and critical analysis of neuroimaging approaches
Authors: Khan Fakhri Alam , Khan Abdullah , Imran Muhammad , Ahmad Awais , Jeon Gwanggil 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a major global health concern that affects millions of people globally. This study investigates the technical challenges in AD analysis and provides a thorough analysis of AD, emphasizing the disease's worldwide effects as well as the predicted increase. It explores the technological difficulties associated with AD analysis, concentrating on the shift in automated clinical diagnosis using MRI data from conventional machine learning to deep learning techniques. This study advances our knowledge of the effects of AD and provides new developments in deep learning for precise diagnosis, providing insightful information for both clinical and future research. The research introduces an innovative deep learning model, leveraging YOLOv5 and variants of YOLOv8, to classify AD images into four (NC, EMCI, LMCI, AD) categories. This study evaluates the performance of YOLOv5 which achieved high accuracy (97%) in multi‐class classification (classes 0 to 3) with precision, recall, and F1‐score reported for each class. YOLOv8 (Small) and YOLOv8 (Medium) models are also assessed for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis, demonstrating accuracy of 97% and 98%, respectively. Precision, recall, and F1‐score metrics provide detailed insights into the models' effectiveness across different classes. Comparative analysis against a transfer learning model reveals YOLOv5, YOLOv8 (Small), and YOLOv8 (Medium) consistently outperforming across six binary classifications related to cognitive impairment. These models show improved sensitivity and accuracy compared to baseline architectures from [32]. In AD/NC classification, YOLOv8 (Medium) achieves 98.43% accuracy and 97.45% sensitivity, for EMCI/LMCI classification, YOLOv8 (Medium) also excels with 92.12% accuracy and 90.12% sensitivity. The results highlight the effectiveness of YOLOv5 and YOLOv8 variants in neuroimaging tasks, showcasing their potential in clinical applications for cognitive impairment classification. The proposed models showcase superior performance, achieving high accuracy, sensitivity, and F1‐scores, surpassing baseline architectures and previous methods. Comparative analyses highlight the robustness and effectiveness of the proposed models in AD classification tasks, providing valuable insights for future research and clinical applications.
Securing internet of things device data: An ABE approach using fog computing and generative AI
Authors: Shruti  , Rani Shalli , Boulila Wadii 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWith the emergence of fog computing, new paradigms for data processing and management for IoT devices have been established in the quickly changing world of teaching/learning. This study addresses the complex issues brought about by the infiltration of diverse data sources by investigating novel approaches to strengthen data security and enhance access control mechanisms in fog computing environments. The commonly used cryptographic technique known as CP‐ABE is renowned for providing accurate access control. Unfortunately, current multi‐authority CP‐ABE methods have difficulties when implemented on low‐resource IoT devices. These techniques are not appropriate for resource‐constrained IoT devices since the sizes of the secret key and ciphertext grow in proportion to the number of attributes. In this paper, a novel multi‐authority CP‐ABE approach, called MA‐based CP‐ABE, efficiently tackles these issues by optimizing the length of secret keys and ciphertext. Users' secret keys are always the same size, no matter how many attributes they own. Moreover, MA‐based CP‐ABE ensures that the size of the ciphertext scales linearly with the number of authorities rather than characteristics, which makes it a sensible option for devices with restricted resources. A Generative AI approach has also been integrated along with CP‐ABE to make sure that the IoT data is secure and privacy is maintained. As per the security and experimental analysis, the proposed approach is considered secure and suitable for IoT‐based applications.
Vonoprazan–Amoxicillin Dual Therapy With Different Amoxicillin Administration Regimens for Helicobacter pylori Treatment: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Qiu Shuhan , Huang Yu , Chen Jinnan , Guo Yixian , Li Meixuan , Ding Zhaohui , Liang Xiao , Lu Hong 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe effect of preprandial or postprandial administration of amoxicillin on the efficacy of vonoprazan–amoxicillin dual therapy (VA‐dual therapy) for Helicobacter pylori treatment has not been studied. It is also unclear whether amoxicillin dosing four times daily is more effective than three times daily. We aimed to investigate the effect of different amoxicillin administration regimens on the efficacy of VA‐dual therapy.Materials and MethodsH. pylori‐infected subjects were randomly assigned to three groups in a 1:1:1 ratio to receive a 14‐day dual therapy consisting of vonoprazan 20 mg twice daily + amoxicillin 1000 mg three times daily before meals (BM‐TID) or 1000 mg three times daily after meals (AM‐TID) or 750 mg four times daily after meals (AM‐QID). H. pylori eradication rates, adverse events rates, compliance, and antibiotic resistance were compared.ResultsBetween May 2021 to April 2023, 327 subjects were enrolled. The eradication rates of BM‐TID, AM‐TID, and AM‐QID dual therapy were 88.1%, 89.9%, and 93.6% in intention‐to‐treat (ITT) analysis, 90.6%, 94.2%, and 99.0% in modified ITT (MITT) analysis, and 90.4%, 94.1%, and 99.0% in per‐protocol (PP) analysis. Although there was non‐inferiority between BM‐TID and AM‐TID, as well as between AM‐TID and AM‐QID, AM‐QID was significantly more effective than BM‐TID. There were no significant differences in adverse event rates, compliance, and antibiotic resistance among the three groups.ConclusionsPostprandial administration and the increased frequency of administration of amoxicillin may contribute to a better efficacy of VA‐dual therapy, especially for rescue therapy. All VA‐dual therapy in our study could achieve good efficacy for first‐line treatment.Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov: NCT05901051.
All Good Without Anything Good. Beyond Survival: Understanding the Psychosocial Experiences of Individuals With Chronic Kidney Disease and Their Caregivers in Sri Lanka
Authors: Bulathwatta Darshika Thejani , Rudnik Agata , Bidzan Mariola 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTAimThis study aims to explore the experiences of individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing haemodialysis and their caregivers, focusing on the disease's impact and the treatment process.BackgroundIn Sri Lanka, CKD is a growing health concern, particularly affecting farming communities and contributing to the strain on the biomedical healthcare system. Despite increasing awareness of CKD's physical implications, its psychosocial impact remains underexplored. This study seeks to fill this gap, aiming to inform culturally sensitive interventions and improve the healthcare system's responsiveness to the unique needs of Sinhala Buddhist individuals with CKD and their caregivers.DesignAn exploratory qualitative study.MethodSemistructured interviews were conducted with 10 individuals undergoing haemodialysis and 5 caregivers at a dialysis unit. The interviews were audio‐recorded, transcribed and analysed using conventional qualitative content analysis.FindingsThe analysis revealed three interrelated main themes: (1) impact on standard of living (quality of life), (2) coping strategies and (3) medical experience, with a notable influence of traditional beliefs and practices.ConclusionThe findings highlight the need for a holistic approach to CKD management that integrates physical, emotional, psychological and social aspects, considering the significant role of traditional influences. Further research is essential to develop effective interventions that can enhance the quality of life for CKD.Patient or Public ContributionThe lived experiences of Sinhala Buddhist individuals with CKD and their caregivers served as a cornerstone, providing profound insights into the impact of the condition on their lives. Throughout the study, these participants played an instrumental role in refining the research's cultural sensitivity and relevance. Their engagement extended beyond the data collection phase to encompass feedback sessions, where they actively shared their perspectives. This ongoing collaboration ensured the study's depth and applicability to real‐world experiences. By actively involving those directly affected by CKD, this collaborative approach safeguards that the study remains rooted in their voices and addresses their unique needs.Reporting MethodThis study adhered to relevant EQUATOR guidelines (the COREQ checklist).Trial RegistrationThis study is not a clinical trial, and thus, registration is not applicable.
Management of pyoderma gangrenosum during pregnancy and breastfeeding: a systematic review
Authors: Wanberg Lindsey J. , Gorman Benjamin G. , Theis‐Mahon Nicole , Goldfarb Noah , Alavi Afsaneh 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPregnancy is a conjectured risk factor for pyoderma gangrenosum (PG), an autoinflammatory neutrophilic dermatosis characterized by painful ulcers. Even so, there are no available treatment guidelines for those with PG who are pregnant or breastfeeding. To describe existing treatment options, we systematically reviewed the literature on PG treatment in pregnant or breastfeeding patients. A search over four databases was completed in October 2022. Independent reviewers accomplished screening and data extraction. 18 articles met the inclusion criteria. 15 cases involved the treatment of PG during pregnancy, and three cases involved the treatment of PG while breastfeeding. Most patients did not have a history of PG prior to pregnancy (77.7%), and most did not have PG‐associated comorbidity (61.1%). Of the cases involving treatment of PG during pregnancy, the majority (73%) found treatment success with a systemic corticosteroid (SCS). Only three cases reported an adverse outcome, including premature rupture of membranes and premature birth (16.7%); all these cases involved treatment with a SCS at >0.5 mg/kg/day during pregnancy. We present a treatment algorithm for pregnant or breastfeeding patients with PG. Our findings suggest prioritizing topicals and TNF inhibitors due to more favorable side effect profiles. However, there is a paucity of data on the safety of PG therapies in pregnancy and breastfeeding, and thus, controlled studies and pregnancy registries must be pursued.
Direct immunofluorescence on plucked hair outer root sheath can predict relapse in pemphigus vulgaris
Authors: Malhi Kittu , Chatterjee Debajyoti , Mahajan Rahul , Handa Sanjeev , De Dipankar 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundProspective research is lacking on the utility of plucked hair outer root sheath direct immunofluorescence (ORS DIF) in the prediction of relapse in pemphigus vulgaris (PV) and the correlation of ORS DIF positivity with serum desmoglein antibody titers.MethodsWe performed a prospective cohort study enrolling 80 PV patients in complete clinical remission at a tertiary care center in North India. Study participants underwent ORS DIF at baseline, which was repeated every 3 months. Skin biopsy DIF was done at study inclusion, repeated at 3 months, and upon clinical relapse. An antidesmoglein antibody titer was assessed concurrently with ORS DIF in a subset of patients. Patients on adjuvant therapy had their adjuvant therapy withdrawn either at the initial visit, at 3 months, or at a 6‐month follow‐up. Our objectives were to determine the association between positive ORS DIF and clinical relapse, the correlation between positive ORS DIF and skin biopsy DIF, and between positive ORS DIF and positive antidesmoglein antibody titers (when concurrently done).ResultsTwenty‐two patients (27.5%) had a clinical relapse. Baseline immunological markers significantly associated with relapse are ORS DIF positivity with IgG (16/36 [45.44%] P = 0.005) and C3 (12/29 [41.37%] P = 0.047) and greater intensity of baseline IgG and C3 positivity in ORS DIF (IgG, P = 0.002; C3, P = 0.033). Notably, a significant correlation was observed between baseline positive ORS DIF and skin biopsy DIF (IgG, ρ = 0.695; C3, ρ = 0.498). Positive ORS DIF strongly correlated with positive anti‐Dsg3 antibody titers (φs = 0.815; P < 0.01). Early withdrawal of adjuvant immunosuppressant (within 3 months) (P = 0.007) and positive ORS DIF were also associated with relapse (P = 0.017).Conclusion and relevanceORS DIF is a reliable predictor of PV clinical relapse and demonstrated robust correlations with skin biopsy DIF and antidesmoglein antibody titers. Periodic assessment of ORS DIF aids in determining new‐onset positivity that heralds clinical relapse.
Structural characterisation and adsorption properties of cross‐linked esterified broken rice porous starch
Authors: Che Chunbo , Su Xinying , Liang Zhao , Zhao Dan , Fu Yu , Xu Zhong , Zhang Na 
Published: August 2024

SummaryIn order to improve the adsorption properties and stability of porous starch, the porous starch made from ground rice starch was doubly modified by cross‐linking and esterification using sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP) as a cross‐linking agent and octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA) as an esterifying agent. Structural analysis of the samples showed that the phosphate group in STMP formed a new P‐O‐C covalent bond with the hydroxyl group in starch by substitution, OSA combined with the hydroxyl group of starch formed an ester carbonyl group, and all cross‐linking and esterification occurred in the amorphous region of starch. DSC and TG/DTG analysis showed that STMP modification performed better than OSA modification in thermal stability. However, by analysis of the oil absorption properties and freeze–thaw stability, the OSA‐modified porous starch exhibited better oil‐holding rate and freeze–thaw stability.
A brief history of ramping
Authors: Cook Benjamin , Evenden James , Genborg Ruby , Stretton Brandon , Kovoor Joshua , Gibson Kieran , Tan Sheryn , Gupta Aashray , Chan Weng O. , Bacchi Carol , Ittimani Mana , Cusack Michael , Maddison John , Gluck Samuel , Gilbert Tony , McNeill Keith , Bacchi Stephen 
Published: August 2024

Abstract‘Ramping’ is a commonly used term in contemporary Australian healthcare. It is also a part of the public and political zeitgeist. However, its precise definition varies among sources. In the published literature, there are distinctions between related terms, such as ‘entry overload’ and ‘Patient Off Stretcher Time Delay’. How ramping is defined and how it came to be defined have significance for policies and procedures relating to the described phenomenon. Through examination of the history of the term, insights are obtained into the underlying issues contributing to ramping and, accordingly, associated possible solutions.
Making the invisible count: Factors influencing small e‐waste recycling intentions in the age of rapid electronics consumption
Authors: Gawande Abhishek , Jain Nikunj Kumar , Bhattacharyya Som Sekhar 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe extent of e‐waste is exponentially rising as the lifetime usage of electrical and electronic device items is getting shorter. In particular, household waste comprising small electrical and electronic items (small e‐waste) is becoming an emerging yet substantive category of e‐waste globally. Small e‐waste is becoming a growing concern because of its presence across households, smaller size, stockpiling behaviour, improper disposal and inefficient management. Thus, it becomes interesting and worth examining to study the behavioural intention towards management of the small e‐waste. This is more so in India given the contextual reality that India is the most populous and one of the fastest growing economies. In order to explore the phenomenon, the current study extends the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) to empirically investigate the residents’ attitudes, intentions and behaviours, along with the extrinsic factors such as producers and government's intervention towards recycling of small e‐waste. The main findings point out that attitude, subjective norms, producers intervention and perceived data security have significant positive influence on residents’ intention to recycle small e‐waste. The study would make theoretical contribution to the literature on TPB. Furthermore, contribution would be made regarding the practical aspects of extended producer responsibility. This occurs because of identifying the significant factors influencing Indian residents’ small e‐waste recycling behavioural intention.
Advancing evidence‐based practice through the Knowledge Translation Challenge: Nurses’ important roles in research, implementation science and practice change
Authors: Chisholm Amanda , Russolillo Angela , Carter Michelle , Steinberg Marla , Lambert Leah , Knox Andrea , Black Agnes 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimTo describe a knowledge translation capacity‐building initiative and illustrate the roles of nurses in practice change using an exemplar case study.DesignThe report uses observational methods and reflection.MethodsThe Knowledge Translation Challenge program involves a multi‐component intervention across several sites. The advisory committee invited eligible teams to attend capacity‐building workshops. Implementation plans were developed, and successful teams receive funding for a 2 year period. Evaluation involved collecting data on program uptake and impact on practice change. Data has been collected from five cohorts. The exemplar case study employed an action‐research framework.ResultsFour nurse‐led teams have demonstrated successful implementation of their practice change. The case study on implementing a clinical toolkit for clozapine management further illustrates a thoughtful planning process, and implementation journey and learnings by a team of nurses.ConclusionThe Knowledge Translation Challenge program empowers nurses to use implementation science practices to enhance the quality and effectiveness of healthcare services. Success of this initiative serves as a model for addressing the persistent gap between knowledge and practice in clinical settings and the value of activating nurses to help close this gap.ImplicationsAs the most trusted and numerous profession, it is vital that nurses contribute to efforts to translate research evidence into clinical practice. The Knowledge Translation Challenge program supports nurses to lead practice change.ImpactThe Knowledge Translation Challenge program successfully equips nurses and other health care providers with the knowledge, skills and resources to implement practice improvements which enhance the quality and effectiveness of healthcare services and nursing practice.Patient or Public ContributionThe Knowledge Translation Challenge advisory committee has three patient‐public partners that support teams to develop a patient‐oriented approach for their projects by providing feedback on the implementation plans. Each team was also supported to include patient‐public partners on their project.
Examining students' self‐regulated learning processes and performance in an immersive virtual environment
Authors: Li Yi‐Fan , Guan Jue‐Qi , Wang Xiao‐Feng , Chen Qu , Hwang Gwo‐Jen 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundSelf‐regulated learning (SRL) is a predictive variable in students' academic performance, especially in virtual reality (VR) environments, which lack monitoring and control. However, current research on VR encounters challenges in effective interventions of cognitive and affective regulation, and visualising the SRL processes using multimodal data.ObjectivesThis study aimed to analyse multimodal data to investigate the SRL processes (behaviour, cognition and affective states) and learning performance in the VR environment.MethodsThis study developed a VR‐based immersive learning system that supports SRL activities, and conducted a pilot study in an English for Geography course. A total of 21 undergraduates participated. Face tracker, electroencephalography, and learning logs were used to gather data for learning behaviour, cognition and affective states in the VR environment.Results and ConclusionsFirst, the study identified three categories of learners (HG, MG and LG) within the VR environment who presented different behavioural engagement and SRL strategies. The HG exhibited the highest level of cognition and affective states, which resulted in superior performance in terms of vocabulary acquisition and retention. The MG, despite possessing a higher level of cognition, performed inadequately in other aspects, leading to no difference in vocabulary acquisition and retention from the LG. By collecting and mining multimodal data, this study helps to enrich the visual analysis of SRL processes. In addition, the results of this study help to dissect the problems of students' SRL in a VR learning environment. Furthermore, this study provides a theoretical basis and reference for the study of SRL development in immersive learning environments.
Pediatric psychiatric inpatients' perspectives of aggression management: Discernment in the doorway
Authors: Adrian Melissa , McCaffrey Graham 
Published: August 2024

AbstractProblemAggressive behavior is common on psychiatric inpatient units. Seclusion and restraint interventions to manage patients' aggressive behavior may have the consequence of being traumatizing for patients. Pediatric psychiatric patients' perspective on the use of seclusion and restraint interventions is not present in the literature.MethodsThis hermeneutic nursing research study asked the question, “How might we understand children's experiences of seclusion and restraints on an inpatient psychiatric unit?” Four past pediatric psychiatric inpatients shared their hospitalization experiences that occurred within the previous year when they were 10 years old. The texts of the research interviews were compared to Attachment Theory for a deeper understanding of the meaning of the message.FindingsParticipants commonly described experiences with seclusion and restraints as feeling trapped and alone in a dark room. They recommended the nurses step into the room with them to help them heal. Interpretively, the rooms on inpatient units could be considered as actual and metaphorical spaces of possible harm or healing.ConclusionThe participant's voices expand understanding of nurse's use of discernment at the doorway of a patient room to ensure the most therapeutic care is provided to the patient in these spaces through a secure nurse–patient relationship.