bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of 14,15-dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid levels in inflammation and its relationship to lipoproteins
Authors: Yang Tian , Peng Ran , Guo Yuan , Shen Li , Zhao Shuiping , Xu Danyan 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
14,15-Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (14,15-EETs) generated from arachidonic acid by cytochrome P450 epoxygenases have beneficial effects in certain cardiovascular diseases, and increased 14,15-EET levels protect the cardiovascular system. 14,15-EETs are rapidly hydrolyzed by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) to the corresponding 14,15-dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (14,15-DHETs), which are generally less biologically active but more stable metabolite. A functionally relevant polymorphism of the CYP2J2 gene is independently associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), and the major CYP2J2 product is 14,15-EETs. 14,15-DHETs can be considered a relevant marker of CYP2J2 activity. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the plasma 14,15-DHET levels to reflect the 14,15-EET levels in an indirectly way in patients with CHD, and to highlight the growing body of evidence that 14,15-EETs also play a role in anti-inflammatory and lipid-regulating effects in patients with CHD. This was achieved by investigating the relationship between 14,15-DHETs and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and blood lipoproteins.

Methods
Samples of peripheral venous blood were drawn from 60 patients with CHD and 60 healthy controls. A 14,15-DHET enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit (14,15-DHET ELISA kit) was used to measure the plasma 14,15-DHET levels. Hs-CRP, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels were measured.

Results
14,15-DHET levels (2.53 ± 1.60 ng/mL) were significantly higher in patients with CHD as compared with those of the healthy controls (1.65 ± 1.54 ng/mL, P < 0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between 14,15-DHETs and hs-CRP levels (R = 0.286, P = 0.027). However, there was no significant correlation between 14,15-DHETs and blood lipoproteins (all, P > 0.05).

Conclusions
Increased plasma 14,15-DHET levels reflect the decreased of 14,15-EET levels in an indirectly way. Indicated that decreased plasma 14,15-EET levels might be involved in the inflammatory reaction process in atherosclerosis.
Predictors of change in objectively measured and self-reported health behaviours among individuals with recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes: longitudinal results from the ADDITION-Plustrial cohort
Authors: Kuznetsov Laura , Simmons Rebecca K , Sutton Stephen , Kinmonth Ann-Louise , Griffin Simon J , Hardeman Wendy 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
There is limited evidence about predictors of health behaviour change in people with type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to assess change in health behaviours over one year and to identify predictors of behaviour change among adults with screen-detected and recently clinically diagnosed diabetes.

Methods

ADDITION-Plus was a randomised controlled trial of a behaviour change intervention among 478 patients (40–69 years). Physical activity and diet were measured objectively (physical activity at 1 year) and by self-report at baseline and one year. Associations between baseline predictors and behaviour change were quantified using multivariable linear regression.

Results
Participants increased their plasma vitamin C and fruit intake, reduced energy and fat intake from baseline to follow-up. Younger age, male sex, a smaller waist circumference, and a lower systolic blood pressure at baseline were associated with higher levels of objectively measured physical activity at one year. Greater increases in plasma vitamin C were observed in women (beta-coefficient [95% CI]: beta = −5.52 [−9.81, -1.22]) and in those with screen-detected diabetes (beta = 6.09 [1.74, 10.43]). Younger age predicted a greater reduction in fat (beta = −0.43 [−0.72, -0.13]) and energy intake (beta = −6.62 [−13.2, -0.05]). Patients with screen-detected diabetes (beta = 74.2 [27.92, 120.41]) reported a greater increase in fruit intake. There were no significant predictors of change in self-reported physical activity. Beliefs about behaviour change and diabetes did not predict behaviour change.

Conclusions
Older patients, men and those with a longer duration of diabetes may need more intensive support for dietary change. We recommend that future studies use objective measurement of health behaviours and that researchers add predictors beyond the individual level. Our results support a focus on establishing healthy lifestyle changes early in the diabetes disease trajectory.
Mass population screening for celiac disease in children: the experience in Republic of San Marino from 1993 to 2009
Authors: Alessandrini Susanna , Giacomoni Elisa , Muccioli Fausto 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
Prevalence of celiac disease in developed countries is assessed about 1:100–1:150. The real prevalence is unknown because mass screenings are expensive and difficult to organize. Moreover celiac disease can affect people at every age and studies on asymptomatic subjects at different ages are not comparable. In this study we wanted to know the real prevalence of celiac disease in children in the Republic of San Marino. We also analysed concordance of different tests used and costs of mass screening.

Methods
The study started in 1993. From 1993 to 1997 children aged 6, 10 and 14 were screened. Since 1997 only children aged 6 were monitored, in order to have a homogeneous population. In fact, every child born since 1980 was taken into account. Children were recruited by classroom lists of students for general paediatric examination. Until 2005 the screening test was based on dosage of antibodies anti-gliadin (AGA) IgA and IgG on venous blood. Since 2006 these tests were replaced by anti-transglutaminase IgA antibodies (ATTG). Anti-endomysial antibodies (EMA) were performed if result of any between either AGA or ATTG tests was positive or borderline; if EMA was positive, then an endoscopy with histological examination was performed to confirm the final diagnosis.

Results
Attendance to paediatric examination was 96%, submission to blood test was 87%. 42 on 5092 (0,8%; 1:125) children resulted affected by celiac disease. Histology always confirmed diagnosis by serology except for two cases. AGA test (until 2005) yielded 28 on 4304 (0,7% 1:143); ATTG test (since 2006) revealed 14 positive cases on 788 (1,8%; 1:55) leading to a larger percentage of diagnosis. EMA antibodies always confirmed positivity of ATTG.

Conclusions
Prevalence of celiac disease in children of Republic of San Marino is comparable to other North-European Countries. Sensitivity of ATTG proved much higher than that of anti-gliadin antibodies. Concordance between ATTG and EMA was 100%. Concordance between serology and histology was approximately 100%. Cost of screening was yearly about 5000 euros (250 children screened every year).
The genetic heterogeneity and mutational burden of engineered melanomas in zebrafish models
Authors: Yen Jennifer , White Richard M , Wedge David C , Van Loo Peter , de Ridder Jeroen , Capper Amy , Richardson Jennifer , Jones David , Raine Keiran , Watson Ian R , Wu Chang-Jiun , Cheng Jiqiu , Martincorena Iñigo , Nik-Zainal Serena , Mudie Laura , Moreau Yves , Marshall John , Ramakrishna Manasa , Tarpey Patrick , Shlien Adam , Whitmore Ian , Gamble Steve , Latimer Calli , Langdon Erin , Kaufman Charles , Dovey Mike , Taylor Alison , Menzies Andy , McLaren Stuart , O’Meara Sarah , Butler Adam , Teague Jon , Lister James , Chin Lynda , Campbell Peter , Adams David J , Zon Leonard I , Patton E Elizabeth , Stemple Derek L , Futreal P Andy 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Background
Melanoma is the most deadly form of skin cancer. Expression of oncogenic BRAF or NRAS, which are frequently mutated in human melanomas, promote the formation of nevi but are not sufficient for tumorigenesis. Even with germline mutated p53, these engineered melanomas present with variable onset and pathology, implicating additional somatic mutations in a multi-hit tumorigenic process.

Results
To decipher the genetics of these melanomas, we sequence the protein coding exons of 53 primary melanomas generated from several BRAF
V600E
or NRAS
Q61K
driven transgenic zebrafish lines. We find that engineered zebrafish melanomas show an overall low mutation burden, which has a strong, inverse association with the number of initiating germline drivers. Although tumors reveal distinct mutation spectrums, they show mostly C > T transitions without UV light exposure, and enrichment of mutations in melanogenesis, p53 and MAPK signaling. Importantly, a recurrent amplification occurring with pre-configured drivers BRAF
V600E
and p53
-/-
suggests a novel path of BRAF cooperativity through the protein kinase A pathway.

Conclusion
This is the first analysis of a melanoma mutational landscape in the absence of UV light, where tumors manifest with remarkably low mutation burden and high heterogeneity. Genotype specific amplification of protein kinase A in cooperation with BRAF and p53 mutation suggests the involvement of melanogenesis in these tumors. This work is important for defining the spectrum of events in BRAF or NRAS driven melanoma in the absence of UV light, and for informed exploitation of models such as transgenic zebrafish to better understand mechanisms leading to human melanoma formation.
Propylphosphonic Anhydride-catalyzed Tandem Approach for Biginelli Reaction Starting from Alcohols
Authors: Revanna Cigalli N , Raghavendra Goravanalli M , Vijay T A Jenifer , Rangappa Kanchugarakoppal S , Badregowda Doddamedur G , Mantelingu Kempegowda 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
An efficient and highly convergent route to dihydropyrimidinones (DHPMs) has been developed by one-pot three-component oxidative cyclocondensation of a variety of alcohols, β-ketoesters/β-oxodithioester and urea in the presence of T3P®/DMSO. This new approach consistently has the advantage of tandem and good yields (65–88%).
Case Article—All of Britain Must Be Stoned! An Effective Introductory Probability Case
Authors: Cochran James J. 
Published: October 2013

This case is based on a newspaper article written by Vikram Dodd for The Guardianin 1999. The article, “You're Carrying Cocaine in Your Wallet,” was published on October 4, 1999, and was soon distributed worldwide by several news services. Because Dodd [Dodd, V. 1999. You're carrying cocaine in your wallet—Drugs in Britain: Special report. Guardian (October 4). http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/1999/oct/04/vikramdodd1 ] gives an overview of the data collection process and summarizes the results, the article provides the basis for a highly effective case. (A hyperlink to the original article is provided.) As Dodd's [Dodd, V. 1999. You're carrying cocaine in your wallet—Drugs in Britain: Special report. Guardian (October 4). http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/1999/oct/04/vikramdodd1 ] article circulated throughout the world, its readers were aghast to learn of the penetration of cocaine into British society implied by the findings reported in the article. Students generally react similarly, and their reactions present an opportunity for the instructor to emphasize the importance of critically evaluating what one reads (even in reputable newspapers). Case Teaching Note: Interested Instructors please see the Instructor Materials page for access to the restricted materials. To maintain the integrity and usefulness of cases published in ITE, unapproved distribution of the case teaching notes and other restricted materials to any other party is prohibited.
Prospect Theory and the Newsvendor Problem
Authors: Nagarajan Mahesh , Shechter Steven 
Published: October 2013

The newsvendor problem is a fundamental decision problem in operations management. Various independent experimental studies in laboratory settings have shown similar deviations from the theoretical optimal order quantity. We clarify that Prospect Theory, a prevalent framework for decision making under uncertainty, cannot explain the consistent empirical findings. This paper was accepted by Yossi Aviv, operations management.
Fatal Patient-Controlled Anesthesia Adverse Events; Name Confusion with New Cancer Drugs; Medication Safety Officer Group to Become a Part of ISMP
Authors: Cohen Michael R. , Smetzer Judy L. 
Published: October 2013

These medication errors have occurred in health care facilities at least once. They will happen again—perhaps where you work. Through education and alertness of personnel and procedural safeguards, they can be avoided. You should consider publishing accounts of errors in your newsletters and/or presenting them at your inservice training programs. Your assistance is required to continue this feature. The reports described here were received through the Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) Medication Errors Reporting Program. Any reports published by ISMP will be anonymous. Comments are also invited; the writers’ names will be published if desired. ISMP may be contacted at the address shown below. Errors, close calls, or hazardous conditions may be reported directly to ISMP through the ISMP Web site ( www.ismp.org ), by calling 800-FAIL-SAFE, or via e-mail at ismpinfo@ismp.org . ISMP guarantees the confidentiality and security of the information received and respects reporters’ wishes as to the level of detail included in publications.
Retrospective Analysis of Levetiracetam Compared to Phenytoin for Seizure Prophylaxis in Adults with Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Caballero G. Christina , Hughes Darrel W. , Maxwell Pamela R. , Green Kay , Gamboa Conrado D. , Barthol Colleen A. 
Published: October 2013

Background Phenytoin is standard of care for seizure prophylaxis following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Levetiracetam, an alternative antiepileptic drug, is utilized for seizure prophylaxis despite limited data supporting its use. Objective Our primary outcome was post-TBI seizure activity measured by electroencephalogram (EEG) for levetiracetam versus phenytoin. Secondary outcomes were length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay, requirement for additional antiepileptic drugs (AED), and drug and monitoring costs. Methods A retrospective review was performed of patients admitted to neurosurgical or surgical trauma ICU. Adult patients with at least 1 day of EEG monitoring were included. Patients were excluded if they had history of epilepsy, prior TBI, less than 48 hours of AED therapy, or additional AED prior to EEG monitoring. Results A total 90 patients met inclusion criteria, with 18 receiving levetiracetam and 72 receiving phenytoin. Prevalence of EEG-confirmed seizure activity was similar between the levetiracetam and phenytoin groups (28% vs 29%; P = .99). ICU length of stay (13 vs 18 days; P = .28), time to EEG-confirmed seizure activity (4 vs 6 days; P = .24), and duration of seizure prophylaxis (9 vs 14 days; P = .18) were also similar. The median daily cost of levetiracetam therapy was $43 compared to $55 for phenytoin therapy and monitoring ( P = .08). When all anticonvulsant therapy and monitoring were included, costs were lower for the levetiracetam group ($45 vs $83; P = .02). Conclusion Levetiracetam may provide an alternative treatment option for seizure prevention in TBI patients in the ICU. Total antiepileptic drug and monitoring costs were lower for levetiracetam patients.
Human miRNome Profiling Identifies MicroRNAs Differentially Present in the Urine after Kidney Injury
Authors: Ramachandran Krithika , Saikumar Janani , Bijol Vanesa , Koyner Jay L , Qian Jing , Betensky Rebecca A , Waikar Sushrut S , Vaidya Vishal S 
Published: October 2013

BACKGROUND
Extracellular microRNAs (miRNAs) have been proposed as potentially robust and stable biomarkers of various disease conditions. The primary objective of this study was to identify miRNAs differentially occurring in the urine that could serve as potential biomarkers of acute kidney injury (AKI), because traditional AKI markers have limitations with respect to sensitivity, specificity, and timeliness of diagnosis.

METHODS
We profiled 1809 miRNAs in pooled urine samples from 6 patients with AKI and from 6 healthy controls. We measured the 378 stably detectable miRNAs in the 12 samples individually and selected the top 7 miRNAs that were most different in the urine of patients with AKI compared with the non-AKI control individuals. These miRNAs were assessed in a larger cohort of patients with AKI (n = 98: 71 AKI patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) and 27 kidney transplantation patients with biopsy-proven tubular injury) and patients without AKI (n = 97: 74 healthy volunteers and 23 ICU patients without AKI).

RESULTS
We identified 4 miRNAs capable of significantly differentiating patients with AKI from individuals without AKI: miR-21 (P = 0.0005), miR-200c (P &lt; 0.0001), miR-423 (P = 0.001), and miR-4640 (P = 0.0355). The combined cross-validated area under the ROC curve for these 4 miRNAs was 0.91. The imprecision with respect to miRNA isolation and reverse transcription efficiency was &lt;9% across 224 samples.

CONCLUSIONS
In this study we determined the entire miRNome of human urine and identified a panel of miRNAs that are both detectable noninvasively and diagnostically sensitive indicators of kidney damage.
The Education of Indonesian Shi‘i Leaders
Authors: Zulkifli Z. 
Published: October 2013

Amidst the Sunni majority in Indonesia, there exist a small number of Shi`i adherents that have increased quantitatively and qualitatively since the Iranian revolution of 1978-1979. To see the Shi`i community as a monolithic entity is misleading. In fact, this community is comprised of several groups that may not be united under a recognised single leader. Leadership in a community results partly from education, although the degree and extent of its influence remain questionable. In this regard, this article aims at analysing the education of Shi`i leaders in Indonesia. What types of education did they experience? In terms of education backgrounds, Shi`i leaders may be classified into the ustadhs and intellectuals. The ustadhs are those educated in institutions of Islamic learning and the majority are alumni of hawza ‘ilmiyya (colleges of Islamic learning) in Qum, Iran. Since the establishment of the Islamic Republic of Iran in 1979, the number of Indonesian students studying in Qum has increased significantly and the hawza ‘ilmiyya of Qum have been very important in producing the Shi`i ustadh in Indonesia. On the other hand, the intellectuals are those who have graduated from secular universities but received religious instruction in non-formal education institutions. Although education is an important factor contributing to leadership, other factors have to be considered such as scholarship in religious sciences, involvement in da‘wa and education activities, leadership experience in education and socio-religious institutions, as the case of Jalaluddin Rakhmat has shown.
From Shari‘a ‘Ayniyya to Shari‘a Hududiyya: Shahrour’s Interpretation on Quranic Legal Verses
Authors: Khusen Moh 
Published: October 2013

<p>This article elaborates a new paradigm in the interpretation of Qur’anic legal verses conducted by a Syrian thinker, Mohammad Shahrour. This study shows that, according to Shahrour, Islamic jurisprudence is not “‘ayniyya”, but “h‍‍ududiyya” since for him, all legal rules carried by the verses represent the limits of Allah which people can behave. Shari‘a h‍ududiyya proves that Shahrour’s approach to the Quranic legal verses can be characterized as an open-ended process of socio-political and moral codes. Still holding on to the tool of textual analysis but combining it with a new perspective, h‍ududiyya, Shahrour manages to be faithful to the text and at the same time, compatible with the ideas and values of modernity and humanism. Elaborated by other theories from other disciplines, especially mathematics and physics, Shahrour provides six types of limits which encapsulate all Shari‘a cases equipped with their characteristics, differentiations and implementations.</p> <p>[Artikel ini menjelaskan paradigma baru dalam menafsirkan ayat-ayat hukum dalam al-Quran seperti diperkenalkan oleh seorang pemikir berkebangsaan Syria, Mohammad Shahrour. Artikel ini memperlihatkan bahwa, menurut Shahrour, ayat-ayat hukum dalam al-Quran itu tidak bersifat “‘ayniyya”, namun “h‍ududiyya” karena berfungsi untuk membatasi. Shari‘a h‍ududiyya yang diperkenalkan Shahrour menjelaskan bahwa pendekatan terhadap ayat-ayat hukum dalam al-Quran bersifat terbuka. Dengan tetap berpijak pada pendekatan tekstual terhadap al-Quran sembari memperhatikan pandangan baru, h‍ududiyya, Shahrour berhasil mempertemukan teks al-Quran dengan ide-ide dan norma-norma modernitas dan humanisme. Dijelaskan melalui teori-teori yang berkembang di disiplin ilmu lain, utamanya matematika dan fisika, Shahrour memperkenalkan enam tipe batasan Shari‘a.]</p>
Ibn ‘Arabi and the Transcendental Unity of Religions
Authors: Bahri Media Zainul 
Published: October 2013

<p>This essay describes Ibn ‘Arabi’s comprehensive views, captured in his important Futuhat and Fusus, on the concept of wahdat al-adyan, the discrepancy of beliefs, and the Shari’ah as well as its juncture and its unity. Elaborated explanation in this paper is expected to result in a true understanding of this crucial issue, particularly the concept of religious pluralism in the discourse of Islamic studies. Ibn Arabi’ extensively discusses religion in the sense of the “ideal” versus “historical” or “esoteric” versus “the exoteric”. Ibn ‘Arabi concludes that the absolute unity of religions may only occur within spiritual, ideal, or transcendental realm (or “esoteric”), which is beyond the formal form of religions. Hence, the transcendental unity of religions cannot be found in the formal form of religions nor in the shari’ah.</p><p>[Artikel ini mengulas pandangan Ibn ‘Arabi’ mengenai wahdat al-adyan seperti dijelaskan dalam dua bukunya; Futuhat dan Fusus, dan perbedaan dan kesamaan antara iman dan shariah. Diharapkan diskusi artikel ini berkontribusi dalam kajian pluralisme, utamanya dalam disiplin studi Islam. Dalam diskusinya, Ibn Arabi’ menjelaskan perbedaan ‘ideal’ dan ‘historikal’ atau antara ‘esoterik’ dan ‘eksoterik’. Ibn ‘Arabi berpendapat bahwa kemanunggalan agama-agama dapat dicapai melalui spiritualitas, ideal, atau dimensi transcendental (esoterik) yang ada di luar tampilan formal agama-agama. Dengan kata lain, kemanunggalan tersebut tidak akan ditemukan pada shari’ah.]</p>
Endogenous Altruism, Redistribution, and Long-Term Care
Authors: Cremer Helmuth , Gahvari Firouz , Pestieau Pierre 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
This paper studies public provision of long-term care insurance in a world in which family assistance is (i) uncertain and (ii) endogenous, depending on the time parents spend raising their children. Public benefits will be paid in case of disability but cannot be combined with self-insurance or family aid. The benefits are provided equally to all recipients and financed by a proportional payroll tax. The paper shows that tax distortions imply that full insurance is undesirable. It characterizes the optimal tax and identifies the elements that determine its size. Of crucial importance are the extent of under-insurance, the effect of the tax on the probability of altruism, the distortionary effect of the tax, and, with wage heterogeneity, the covariance between the social marginal utility of lifetime income and (i) earnings (positive effect) and (ii) the probability of altruism default (negative effect).