bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sustainability: what the entrepreneurship educators think
Authors: Wyness Lynne , Jones Paul , Klapper Rita 
Published: October 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to consider the understanding and presence of sustainability within entrepreneurship education. The extant literature on sustainability within the entrepreneurship discipline remains extremely limited. Previously, sustainability within an entrepreneurship context has related to economic viability as opposed to sustainability in its broadest sense. This study explores, through a survey of entrepreneurship educators, three key research questions, namely, how entrepreneurship educators believe that entrepreneurs can contribute to solving sustainability problems. Second, to what extent education about sustainability is integrated within existing entrepreneurship curricula. Finally, what considerations are being made to include sustainability within future programmes.Design/methodology/approach– This study represented part of a larger university project exploring the associations between the sustainability and entrepreneurship disciplines. This part of the study involved a web-based survey from entrepreneurship academics drawn from Australia, New Zealand, UK, and the USA which provided 54 completed questionnaires.Findings– The study uncovered much good practice led by “champions” within the entrepreneurship discipline. However, embedded sustainability practice was typically limited and it was more typically regarded as an “add-on” to traditional entrepreneurial teaching.Practical implications– The study proposes three ways in which sustainability might be more meaningfully integrated into entrepreneurship programmes. First, the QAA (2012) guidelines for enterprise and entrepreneurship need to be reconsidered to encapsulate the sustainability agenda. Second, for entrepreneurship educators to reconsider their pedagogical approaches to encapsulate systems thinking as more holistic educational perspective. Finally, the authors call for entrepreneurship educators to revise their programmes to embed the core facets of social, environmental, economic, and more recently ethical sustainability.Originality/value– The study offers a novel insight into entrepreneurship educators attitudes to sustainability and their approach to it within their curricula. This study provides an initial benchmark regarding the levels of sustainability provision within entrepreneurship curricula which will be of interest to the entrepreneurship academic community, the sustainability community, and policy makers.
Toward a service ecosystem perspective at the base of the pyramid
Authors: Ben Letaifa Soumaya , Reynoso Javier 
Published: October 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to combine service-dominant logic premises with ecosystem characteristics in the base of the pyramid (BoP) environment, aiming to establish the foundations of a new service ecosystem framework for BoP contexts.

Design/methodology/approach
– This conceptual paper is developed by connecting service logic with an ecosystem perspective, developing theoretical propositions for sustainable service ecosystems at the BoP, and identifying future research direction using this new framework.

Findings
– The paper first highlights main challenges faced in the BoP environment. It then constructs an ecosystem framework for BoP contexts composed by four theoretical propositions: first, need to shift from a top-down to a multi-actor BoP approach; second, need of social embeddedness for successful BoP initiatives; third, service co-creation for and with local communities with actors playing multiple social roles; and fourth, multi-actor and multi-dimensional value creation. Future research directions are identified related to these propositions.

Research limitations/implications
– Theoretical propositions integrating the service ecosystem framework need further exploration and confirmation with additional empirical studies.

Practical implications
– Proposed framework and propositions provide useful insights for practitioners from different types of organizations aiming to participate in BoP markets.

Social implications
– Understanding the need to integrate a service ecosystem perspective in BoP contexts is fundamental to better address the needs of all actors involved.

Originality/value
– The conceptual framework proposed offers a comprehensive, multi-dimensional, and multi-actor perspective on how to understand, and better address services in BoP contexts. Future research avenues identified offer a more inclusive agenda for increasing service knowledge at the BoP.
Service appropriation: how do customers make the service their own?
Authors: Mifsud Matthieu , Cases Anne-Sophie , N'Goala Gilles 
Published: October 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to propose a comprehensive framework for service appropriation, specifying the different facets of the phenomenon.Design/methodology/approach– A literature review summarizes views of the appropriation concept from various disciplines (human and social sciences, information systems, marketing), reinforced by an exploratory study in the health sector.Findings– Six underlying dimensions of service appropriation emerge: service knowledge; service consciousness; self-adaptation to service; service control; service creation; and psychological ownership of the service.Research limitations/implications– This paper is mainly conceptual and requires empirical testing in other domains to confirm the applicability of the proposed framework.Practical implications– This study offers insights into how service providers and managers should design services and integrate customers in the service coproduction process.Originality/value– The complementary view of appropriation in the context of services defines it as a cognitive, measurable state. The outcome of this approach is an original, integrative framework applied to services, not just spaces or immersive experiences.
Service alliances between unequals: the apple does not fall far from the better tree
Authors: Bleijerveld Jeroen F.J. , Gremler Dwayne D. , Lemmink Jos G.A.M. 
Published: October 2015

Purpose
– Brand alliances take various forms, yet academic research has not investigated how value spillovers differ between partners. The purpose of this paper is to address psychological mechanisms to uncover consumers’ perceptions of a service alliance when a strong service brand partners with a weak one.

Design/methodology/approach
– An experiment used a 2 (perceived value of parent brand X: high vs low)×2 (perceived value of parent brand Y: high vs low)×2 (alliance contribution: equal vs unequal) full-factorial between-subjects design.

Findings
– Service alliance value is maximal when both parent brands have high perceived value but is lowest when both are of low perceived value. When their perceived value varies, the alliance value approximates the higher rather than the lower value parent. This effect increases with the relative size of a parent brand’s contribution to the alliance service. Alliances also enhance perceptions of the value of each parent brand.

Practical implications
– In an alliance between a strong and a weak service brand, the strong brand lifts the alliance, and consumers perceive high value. Companies should avoid service alliances with weaker brands that make major contributions.

Originality/value
– This study investigates how value spillovers vary across different forms of service alliances. Moreover most alliance research focusses on products while services (such as education) are more involved in alliances than ever.
Integrating spatially explicit indices of abundance and habitat quality: an applied example for greater sage‐grouse management
Authors: Coates Peter S. , Casazza Michael L. , Ricca Mark A. , Brussee Brianne E. , Blomberg Erik J. , Gustafson K. Benjamin , Overton Cory T. , Davis Dawn M. , Niell Lara E. , Espinosa Shawn P. , Gardner Scott C. , Delehanty David J. 
Published: October 2015

Summary

Predictive species distributional models are a cornerstone of wildlife conservation planning. Constructing such models requires robust underpinning science that integrates formerly disparate data types to achieve effective species management.

Greater sage‐grouse Centrocercus urophasianus, hereafter ‘sage‐grouse’ populations are declining throughout sagebrush‐steppe ecosystems in North America, particularly within the Great Basin, which heightens the need for novel management tools that maximize the use of available information.

Herein, we improve upon existing species distribution models by combining information about sage‐grouse habitat quality, distribution and abundance from multiple data sources. To measure habitat, we created spatially explicit maps depicting habitat selection indices (HSI) informed by >35 500 independent telemetry locations from >1600 sage‐grouse collected over 15 years across much of the Great Basin. These indices were derived from models that accounted for selection at different spatial scales and seasons. A region‐wide HSI was calculated using the HSI surfaces modelled for 12 independent subregions and then demarcated into distinct habitat quality classes.

We also employed a novel index to describe landscape patterns of sage‐grouse abundance and space use (AUI). The AUI is a probabilistic composite of the following: (i) breeding density patterns based on the spatial configuration of breeding leks and associated trends in male attendance; and (ii) year‐round patterns of space use indexed by the decreasing probability of use with increasing distance to leks. The continuous AUI surface was then reclassified into two classes representing high and low/no use and abundance.

Synthesis and applications. Using the example of sage‐grouse, we demonstrate how the joint application of indices of habitat selection, abundance and space use derived from multiple data sources yields a composite map that can guide effective allocation of management intensity across multiple spatial scales. As applied to sage‐grouse, the composite map identifies spatially explicit management categories within sagebrush steppe that are most critical to sustaining sage‐grouse populations as well as those areas where changes in land use would likely have minimal impact. Importantly, collaborative efforts among stakeholders guide which intersections of habitat selection indices and abundance and space use classes are used to define management categories. Because sage‐grouse are an umbrella species, our joint‐index modelling approach can help target effective conservation for other sagebrush obligate species and can be readily applied to species in other ecosystems with similar life histories, such as central‐placed breeding.
The relationship between C‐reactive protein rs3091244 polymorphism and ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Akbal Ayla , Reşorlu Hatice , Gökmen Ferhat , Savaş Yılmaz , Zateri Çoşkun , Sargin Betül , Bozkurt Emre , Sılan Fatma , Özdemir Öztürk 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAimsPrevious studies have shown thatC‐reactive protein(CRP) gene polymorphism can be related to inflammatory changes. The present study aimed to examine the association betweenCRPgene polymorphism and clinical and laboratory findings in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients.Materials and methodsA total of 80 patients, 40 withASand 40 controls, were included in the study. Diagnosis ofASwas made according to Assessment inASInternational Working Group criteria. Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Radiology Index scores were evaluated.CRPgene C, A and T alleles were evaluated and were determined using the analysis of melting curves after real time polymerase chain reaction. The odds ratios were calculated for all alleles and haploids of theCRPgene. We investigated the relationship between theCRPpolymorphism and clinical and laboratory findings.ResultsA, C, T allele frequencies in the control group were 15%, 57.5% and 27.5%. The allele frequencies in theASgroup were 38%, 68.8% and 26.2%. While C and T allele frequencies were shown to be similar in the two groups, A allele frequency was higher in theASgroup compared to the control group. TheCCwild allele was 42.5% in the control group and 47.5% in theASgroup (P= 1.0). Odds ratios for the C allele were 1.6, for theCChaploid 1.2 and for theCThaploid 3.7. Chest expansion and finger‐to‐ground distance was better in theCRPgene polymorphism group compared to the no polymorphism group.ConclusionThe presence of theCRPgeneCCwild haploid and C allele in patients may indicate an increased risk forAS.
Association of tocilizumab treatment with changes in measures of regional left ventricular function in rheumatoid arthritis, as assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Kobayashi Yasuyuki , Kobayashi Hitomi , Giles Jon T. , Hirano Masaharu , Nakajima Yasuo , Takei Masami 
Published: October 2015

AbstractObjectiveThe goal of this study was to determine whether the powerful anti‐inflammatory effect of anti‐interleukin‐6 with tocilizumab (TCZ) might lead to a reduction in left ventricular (LV) dysfunction in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsConsecutive RA patients with active disease and healthy control subjects without a clinical diagnosis of cardiovascular disease were enrolled. The RA patients each had inadequate clinical response to non‐biologic disease‐modifying anti‐rheumatic drugs and were prescribed TCZ therapy. All subjects underwent baseline evaluation of LV function, as measured by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI). Peak systolic regional radial strain (Err, %) was calculated by feature tracking of cine CMRI. After baseline (BL) CMRI measurements, treatment with TCZ was initiated, and patients were followed for 52 weeks. We compared peak Err of RA patients at BL and at 52 weeks.ResultsThirteen RA patients (mean age 52.6 ± 5.4 years) were assessed at BL and at 52 weeks, and these patients were compared with 10 non‐RA controls (mean age 55.7 ± 4.6 years). Disease Activity Score of 28 joints – erythrocyte sedimentation rate and Simple Disease Activity Index were significantly lower in RA patients at 52 weeks than at BL. Mean peak Err at BL in RA patients was significantly lower than in normal subjects (P = 0.03). Mean peak Err was significantly higher at 52 weeks than at BL (P = 0.028) in RA patients.ConclusionWe showed that TCZ was associated with left ventricular dysfunction in RA patients which correlated with a reduction in RA disease activity.
Population pharmacokinetics of nalmefene in healthy subjects and its relation to μ‐opioid receptor occupancy
Authors: Kyhl Lars‐Erik Broksoe , Li Shen , Faerch Kirstine Ullitz , Soegaard Birgitte , Larsen Frank , Areberg Johan 
Published: October 2015

AimsThe aims of this study were to develop a population pharmacokinetic (PK) model to describe the PK of nalmefene in healthy subjects and to relate the exposure of nalmefene to the μ‐opioid receptor occupancy by simulations in the target population.MethodsData from nine phase I studies (243 subjects) with extensive blood sampling were pooled and used for the population PK model building. Data from four other phase I studies (85 subjects) were pooled and used as an external validation dataset. Eight subjects from an imaging study contributed occupancy data and the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) relationship was modelled. Combining the population PK model and the PK/PD relationship enabled simulations to predict μ‐opioid occupancy.ResultsA two compartment model with first order absorption best described the nalmefene PK data. The typical subject in the population was estimated to have a systemic clearance of 60.4 l h−1 and a central volume of distribution of 266 l. Absolute oral bioavailability was estimated to 41% without food intake and with food about 53%. Simulation of the μ‐opioid receptor occupancy shows that the 95% confidence bound is within or above 60–90% occupancy for up to 22–24 h after a single dose of 20 mg nalmefene.ConclusionsA robust population PK model for nalmefene was developed. Based on the concentration–occupancy model the μ‐opioid receptor occupancy after a single 20 mg dose of nalmefene is predicted to be above the target therapeutic occupancy for about 24 h in about 95% of the target population.
Mitochondrial Replacement: Ethics and Identity
Authors: Wrigley Anthony , Wilkinson Stephen , Appleby John B. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractMitochondrial replacement techniques (MRTs) have the potential to allow prospective parents who are at risk of passing on debilitating or even life‐threatening mitochondrial disorders to have healthy children to whom they are genetically related. Ethical concerns have however been raised about these techniques. This article focuses on one aspect of the ethical debate, the question of whether there is any moral difference between the two types of MRT proposed: Pronuclear Transfer (PNT) and Maternal Spindle Transfer (MST). It examines how questions of identity impact on the ethical evaluation of each technique and argues that there is an important difference between the two. PNT, it is argued, is a form of therapy based on embryo modification while MST is, instead, an instance of selective reproduction. The article's main ethical conclusion is that, in some circumstances, there is a stronger obligation to use PNT than MST.
The Ethics of Fertility Preservation for Paediatric Cancer Patients: From Offer to Rebuttable Presumption
Authors: McDougall Rosalind 
Published: October 2015

AbstractGiven advances in the science of fertility preservation and the link between fertility choices and wellbeing, it is time to reframe our ethical thinking around fertility preservation procedures for children and young people with cancer. The current framing of fertility preservation as a possible offer may no longer be universally appropriate. There is an increasingly pressing need to discuss the ethics of failing to preserve fertility, particularly for patient groups for whom established techniques exist. I argue that the starting point for deliberating about a particular patient should be a rebuttable presumption that fertility preservation ought to be attempted. Consideration of the harms applicable to that specific patient may then override this presumption. I outline the benefits of attempting fertility preservation; these justify a presumption in favour of the treatment. I then discuss the potential harms associated with fertility preservation procedures, which may justify failing to attempt fertility preservation in an individual patient's particular case. Moving from a framework of offer to one of rebuttable presumption in favour of fertility preservation would have significant implications for medical practice, healthcare organizations and the state.
Morally Relevant Similarities and Differences Between Children and Dementia Patients as Research Subjects: Representation in Legal Documents and Ethical Guidelines
Authors: Jongsma Karin , Bos Wendy , van de Vathorst Suzanne 
Published: October 2015

AbstractChildren and adults with dementia are vulnerable populations. Both groups are also relatively seldom included in biomedical research. However, including them in clinical trials is necessary, since both groups are in need of scientific innovation and new therapies. Their dependence and limited decision‐making capacities increase their vulnerability, necessitating extra precautions when including them in clinical trials. Beside these similarities there are also many differences between the groups. The most obvious one is that children have an entire life ahead of them and will become persons with certain ideals and preferences, while adults with dementia have lived a life in which they have expressed their ideals and preferences. Some of the available research guidelines recognize these differences, setting one list of specific requirements for groups of incapacitated adults and another list for children. Other documents, however, do not differentiate and only set requirements for subjects unable to consent as a single category of subjects.In this article we analyse to what extent the similarities and differences between the two groups are represented in legal documents and ethical guidelines. The article presents an overview and an analysis of the requirements for doing research with children and dementia patients. We conclude with suggestions about how to better incorporate the morally relevant aspects of these two groups in legislation and ethical guidelines.
Impact of age‐related macular degeneration in patients with glaucoma: understanding the patients' perspective
Authors: Skalicky Simon E , Fenwick Eva , Martin Keith R , Crowston Jonathan , Goldberg Ivan , McCluskey Peter 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the study is to measure the impact of age‐related macular degeneration on vision‐related activity limitation and preference‐based status for glaucoma patients.DesignThis was a cross‐sectional study.ParticipantsTwo‐hundred glaucoma patients of whom 73 had age‐related macular degeneration were included in the research.MethodsSociodemographic information, visual field parameters and visual acuity were collected. Age‐related macular degeneration was scored using the Age‐Related Eye Disease Study system.Main Outcome MeasuresThe Rasch‐analysed Glaucoma Activity Limitation‐9 and the Visual Function Questionnaire Utility Index measured vision‐related activity limitation and preference‐based status, respectively. Regression models determined factors predictive of vision‐related activity limitation and preference‐based status. Differential item functioning compared Glaucoma Activity Limitation‐9 item difficulty for those with and without age‐related macular degeneration.ResultsMean age was 73.7 (±10.1) years. Lower better eye mean deviation (β: 1.42, 95% confidence interval: 1.24–1.63, P < 0.001) and age‐related macular degeneration (β: 1.26 95% confidence interval: 1.10–1.44, P = 0.001) were independently associated with worse vision‐related activity limitation. Worse eye visual acuity (β: 0.978, 95% confidence interval: 0.961–0.996, P = 0.018), high risk age‐related macular degeneration (β: 0.981, 95% confidence interval: 0.965–0.998, P = 0.028) and severe glaucoma (β: 0.982, 95% confidence interval: 0.966–0.998, P = 0.032) were independently associated with worse preference‐based status. Glaucoma patients with age‐related macular degeneration found using stairs, walking on uneven ground and judging distances of foot to step/curb significantly more difficult than those without age‐related macular degeneration.ConclusionsVision‐related activity limitation and preference‐based status are negatively impacted by severe glaucoma and age‐related macular degeneration. Patients with both conditions perceive increased difficulty walking safely compared with patients with glaucoma alone.