bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antibiosis resistance to cereal leaf beetle, Oulema melanopus (L.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), in Central Asian wheat germplasm
Authors: Kher S. V. , Dosdall L. M. , Cárcamo H. A. , El‐Bouhssini M. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe cereal leaf beetle, Oulema melanopus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), is a new invasive pest of cereals in western Canada. Host plant resistance is a potential option in the integrated management of this insect. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes are known to possess antixenosis against O. melanopus; however, mechanisms involving antibiosis are relatively less explored. We present results of an investigation exploring antibiotic resistance in wheat germplasm of Central Asian origin with putative resistance to O. melanopus. Our laboratory assessment of development and survivorship of O. melanopus on test genotypes indicated antibiotic properties in four of the six genotypes evaluated. Antibiosis effects were reflected through lower survivorship, extended developmental periods and low adult fitness. However, two genotypes were excellent hosts, and beetles had higher survivorship and fitness on them. The performance of O. melanopus on these two genotypes was comparable to that on the susceptible genotype CDC GO included as a check. The genotypes with antibiotic resistance identified by this research can now serve as sources of genetic resistance for breeding cultivars adapted to western Canadian conditions.
Insecticidal and antifeedant effects of two alkaloids from Cynanchum komarovii against larvae of Plutella xylostella L
Authors: Guo H. , Yang M. , Qi Q. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractA bioassay‐guided fractionation of Cynanchum komarovii crude alkaloid extract led to the isolation of two alkaloids. The isolated alkaloids were identified as 7‐demethoxytylophorine (1) and 6‐hydroxyl‐2,3‐dimethoxy phenanthroindolizidine (2) based on the comparison of their spectroscopic characteristics with the literature data. Insecticidal, antifeedant and growth inhibitory effects of these two alkaloids against the 3rd instar larvae of Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) were examined. The results showed that alkaloid 1 was more toxic than alkaloid 2 against the 3rd instar larvae of Plutella xylostella L., but both alkaloids were less toxic than the total alkaloid fraction. For antifeedant activity, alkaloid 1 showed AFC50 of 1.82 mg/ml at 24 h after treatment, alkaloid 2 showed 3.89 mg/ml, while total alkaloids showed 1.56 mg/ml. In dipping toxicity test, alkaloids 1 and 2 produced 93.3% and 63.3% mortality at 72 h after treatment, respectively, while total alkaloids produced 96.7% mortality. The LC50 values for alkaloids 1, 2 and the total alkaloids were 3.54, 9.21 and 2.63 mg/ml, respectively. The development of larvae was also inhibited, and the growth inhibition rates at the concentration of 15.00 mg/ml were 92.8%, 78.2% and 98.6% for alkaloids 1, 2 and total alkaloids, respectively, at 72 h after treatment. Compared with antifeedant and dipping effect, the alkaloids 1, 2 and total alkaloid fraction revealed weak feeding toxicity, and their corrected mortality rates at the concentration of 15.00 mg/ml were 60.0%, 40.0% and 63.3% at 7 days after treatment. The LC50 values for alkaloids 1, 2 and total alkaloids were 12.58, 32.37 and 8.88 mg/ml, respectively, at 7 days after treatment.
Relationship between admission day and timing of surgery for patients with hip fracture
Authors: Kondo Akiko , Yamaguchi Chikae , Fujimoto Etsuko 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAimThis study investigated: (i) the relationship between admission day of the week and the timing of surgery; (ii) whether the admission day of the week predicted length of stay or patients' outcomes; and (iii) the relationship between the timing of surgery and mortality.MethodsThis was a retrospective, observational study of two community general hospitals in Japan. The inclusion criteria were patients aged 65 years or older who had experienced a hip fracture and undergone surgery during April 2007 to March 2011. Data on demographics, care processes, and health outcomes during hospital stays were collected from hospital records. A questionnaire was sent to patients and/or their family members about the patients' health outcomes after discharge from hospital for hip fracture surgery.ResultsData were collected from a total of 714 patients. In both hospitals, orthopedic surgery was not scheduled every day, and the admission day was significantly related to the timing of surgery. In hospital 1, the admission day explained 38.1% of the variance in the timing of surgery, and in hospital 2, it explained 8.3%. The admission day with early surgery predicted an early discharge. The admission day with delayed surgery predicted better survival. There was no significant relationship between the timing of surgery and mortality in either hospital.ConclusionEarlier surgery, by daily operations, may reduce the length of hospital stays, but its effect on patient outcome remains unclear. It is necessary to carefully determine which patients will benefit from earlier surgery.
Impairment and disability in 20 CIDP patients according to disease activity status
Authors: Panaite Petrica‐Adrian , Renaud Susanne , Kraftsik Rudolf , Steck Andreas J. , Kuntzer Thierry 
Published: August 2013

AbstractTwenty patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) meeting the EFNS/PNS criteria were examined in order to assess differences/similarities between the various grading systems according to CIDP disease activity status (CDAS). A principal component (PC) analysis and the correlations between the following scores were performed: Neurological Symptom Score; MRC sum score; Neurological Impairment Score; Hammersmith Functional Motor Scale; Inflammatory Neuropathy Cause and Treatment (INCAT) Sensory Sum Score; Overall Disability Sum Score; INCAT Disability Score; Rasch‐built Overall Disability Scale. Our analysis outlined two main sets of scales, with high influence in the top two PCs. The first PC that best explained the variability within the cohort consisted of CDAS, general disability scores and motor scores; these parameters were also strongly correlated amongst each other. The second PC explained less the variability and consisted mainly of sensory scores and disease duration; these parameters did not correlate with the scores of the first PC or with the CDAS. Our findings suggest separating screening for motor and sensory deficits when evaluating CIDP patients, as only the motor scores correlate with CDAS.
Low protein provision during the first year of life, but not during foetal life, affects metabolic traits, organ mass development and growth in male mink (Neovison vison)
Authors: Vesterdorf K. , Blache D. , Harrison A. , Matthiesen C. F. , Tauson A.‐H. 
Published: August 2013

SummaryLow protein provisionin uteroandpost‐partummay induce metabolic disorders in adulthood. Studies in mink have mainly focused on short‐term consequences of low protein provisionin uterowhereas the long‐term responses to low protein (LP) provision in metabolically programmed mink are unknown. We investigated whether low protein provisionin uteroaffects the long‐term response to adequate (AP) orLPprovision after weaning in male mink. Eighty‐six male mink were exposed to low (19% ofMEfromCP; crude protein) or adequate (31% ofMEfromCP) protein provisionin utero, and toLP(~20% ofMEfromCP) orAP(30–42% ofMEfromCP) provision post‐weaning. Being metabolically programmed by low protein provisionin uterodid not affect the response to post‐weaning diets. Dietary protein content in theLPfeed after weaning was below requirements; evidenced by lower nitrogen retention (p < 0.001) preventingLPmink from attaining their growth potential (p < 0.02).LPmink had a lower liver, pancreas and kidney weight (p < 0.05) as well as lower plasmaIGF‐1 concentrations at 8 and 25 (p < 0.05) weeks, and a higher incidence of hepatic lipidosis at 25 weeks (p < 0.05). Furthermore,LPmink had a higher body fat (p < 0.05) and lower bodyCPcontent (p < 0.05) at 50 weeks of age. It is concluded that some effects of low protein provisionin uterocan be alleviated by an adequate nutrient supplypost‐partum. However, long‐term exposure to low protein provision in mink reduces their growth potential and induces transient hepatic lipidosis and modified body composition.
Activity of glutamate dehydrogenase and protein content in the breast of broilers fed diets containing different sources and levels of glycerine
Authors: Bernardino V. M. P. , Rodrigues P. B. , de Paula Naves L. , Zangeronimo M. G. , Alvarenga R. R. , Rosa P. V. , Santos L. M. , Teixeira L. V. 
Published: August 2013

SummaryAccording to scientific literature, glycerol in the diet can spare glucogenic amino acids by inhibiting the activity of enzymes, such as glutamate dehydrogenase, thereby promoting protein deposition in muscle tissues. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of three sources of glycerine (crude glycerine from soybean oil – CGSO, mixed crude glycerine from frying oil and lard – MCG and a semipurified glycerine from soybean oil – SPGSO) in four concentrations in the diet (17.5, 35.0, 52.5 and 70.0 g of each type of glycerine/kg of feed) on the activity of hepatic glutamate dehydrogenase, performance and protein content in the breast of broilers, during 22–35 days of age (experiment I) and 33–43 days of age (experiment II). In both experiments, an increase in MCG induced a linear decline in glutamate dehydrogenase activity (p < 0.05). In contrast, increasing the concentration of SPGSO in the diet caused a linear increase in enzyme activity (p < 0.05). There was no (p > 0.05) isolated effect of glycerine on the enzyme activity in either evaluated phase; however, during 33–42 days of age, MCG inhibited (p < 0.05) the glutamate dehydrogenase activity by up to 34.43%. During 22–35 days of age, the diet containing SPGSO induced a higher protein content (p < 0.05) in the breast, and regardless of the source utilized, the maximum protein deposition was estimated (p < 0.05) when broilers were fed with 55.08 g glycerine/kg of diet. There was no (p > 0.05) interaction or isolated effects of the sources and levels of glycerine on the protein content in the breast of broilers at 33–42 days of age, and moreover, all diets containing glycerine promoted a similar protein deposition in the breast compared with birds that received the diet without glycerine. The bird age also showed to influence the feed intake and weight gain of broilers fed diet containing glycerine. It is concluded that for both rearing phases, an increase in glycerine in the diet did not necessarily reduce the glutamate dehydrogenase activity, and the protein deposition in the breast of broilers may not be strictly correlated with the activity of this enzyme.
Ghrelin contributes to protection of hepatocellular injury induced by ischaemia/reperfusion
Authors: Qin Yan , Li Ziru , Wang Zhigang , Li Yin , Zhao Jing , Mulholland Michael , Zhang Weizhen 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackground & AimsGhrelin, a gut hormone with pleiotropic effects, may act as a protective signal in parenchymal cells. We investigated the protective effects of ghrelin on hepatocytes after ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R).MethodsHepatic injury was assessed by measurement of plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), histological analysis, and TUNEL assay. Effects of exogenous ghrelin and ghrelin receptor gene deletion on I/R induced injury of liver were evaluated.ResultsIschaemia/reperfusion induced a profound injury to hepatocytes. This was accompanied by elevations in plasma ALT and LDH. Pretreatment with ghrelin significantly reduced elevations in plasma ALT and LDH, and attenuated tissue damage induced by hepatic I/R in mice. Hepatic injury induced by I/R was more pronounced in ghrelin receptor gene null mice. Ghrelin administration blocked the up‐regulation of AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity induced by hepatic I/R.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that ghrelin contributes to the cytoprotection during hepatic I/R.
The influence of housefly Musca domestica embryo age on viability in water and at low temperatures
Authors: ČIČKOVÁ H. , KOZÁNEK M. , TAKÁČ P. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe sensitivity of housefly Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae) embryos to storage at low temperatures (5 and 10 °C on moist sponges in Petri dishes) and in water at 26 °C was investigated to develop suitable protocols for the storage and transport of housefly eggs. The youngest embryos (aged 0–3 h) were the most sensitive to storage at 5 °C, with 45% survival after storage for 24 h. Storage of embryos aged 3–12 h at 5 °C for 24 h had no negative effect; longer storage resulted in significantly decreased larval survival (30–34% after 48–72 h, compared with 61% in the control group) and reduced hatching rates (83% after 72 h storage). No negative effects were observed when embryos aged 0–9 h were stored at 10 °C for 24 h, but this temperature did not completely inhibit development and eggs began to hatch if stored for longer than 24 h. All age groups of embryos showed high mortality after storage in water at 26 °C for 24 h, with the youngest embryos being least resistant to submersion.
New postcranial elements of the Thalassodrominae (Pterodactyloidea, Tapejaridae) from the Romualdo Formation (Aptian–Albian), Santana Group, Araripe Basin, Brazil
Authors: Aires Alex S. S. , Kellner Alexander W. A. , Müller Rodrigo T. , Da Silva Lúcio R. , Pacheco Cristian P. , Dias‐Da‐Silva Sérgio 
Published: August 2013

AbstractTapejarids are edentate pterosaurs recovered mainly from Early Cretaceous deposits. They are diagnosed by five synapomorphies, among which only one is postcranial: a broad and well‐developed tubercle at the ventroposterior margin of the coracoid. Regarding the clade Thalassodrominae, most phylogenetic studies are based on cranial elements, as postcranial skeletons of these pterosaurs are rare. Here, new postcranial material from the Romualdo Formation (Aptian–Albian) from the Araripe Basin is described. The material comprises the three posteriormost cervical vertebrae, the first seven dorsal vertebrae (fused into a notarium), both scapulocoracoids, a fragment of a sternum, a partial right humerus, a small fragment of a 4th phalanx of the wing finger, a distal extremity of the right femur and the proximal portions of both tibia and fibula. Comparisons with other specimens and morphological features examined in a phylogenetic context, such as the presence of three foramina lateral and dorsal to the neural canal of the cervical vertebrae, the presence of a notarium and a pneumatic foramen on the ventral side of the proximal portion of the humerus, allow the assignment of this specimen as Thalassodrominae indet. Regarding palaeobiogeographical aspects, to date, this clade is exclusively found in the Romualdo Formation. It is the most complete postcranial material assigned to the Thalassodrominae described so far.
Neonatal pleural empyema caused by emm type 6 group A streptococcus
Authors: Nohara Fumikatsu , Nagaya Ken , Asai Hiroko , Tsuchida Etsushi , Okamoto Toshio , Hayashi Tokitsugi , Sakata Hiroshi , Terao Yutaka , Azuma Hiroshi 
Published: August 2013

AbstractSince the mid‐1980s, there have been increasing reports of severe invasive group A streptococcal (GAS) disease in children and adults. There are few reports, however, of neonatal invasive disease, particularly neonatal pleural empyema caused by GAS. Although many mechanisms have been reported for the pathophysiology of invasive GAS infections, similar reports for neonates were unable to be located. Reported herein is the case of a 3‐day‐old girl with pleural empyema caused by GAS that demonstrated a high invasive capacity for human epithelial cells.
Episodic idiopathic systemic capillary leak syndrome in a girl
Authors: Milani Gregorio Paolo , Dellepiane Rosa Maria , Castellazzi Massimo Luca , Mazzoni Marta Benedetta Maria , Bianchetti Mario Giovanni , Fossali Emilio Filippo 
Published: August 2013

AbstractEpisodic idiopathic systemic capillary leak syndrome is a rare disorder that presents with attacks of circulatory shock due to plasma leakage into the extravascular space. Reported here is the case of a girl who had recurrent circulatory shock. The diagnosis of episodic idiopathic systemic capillary leak syndrome was made following the fourth episode. The course was favorable following acute i.v. cristalloids and methylprednisolone.
Case of an infant with hepatic cirrhosis caused by mitochondrial respiratory chain disorder
Authors: Enkai Shigehiro , Koinuma Sachi , Ito Reiko , Igaki Junko , Hasegawa Yukihiro , Murayama Kei , Ohtake Akira 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe patient had hepatomegaly with liver dysfunction at the age of 1 month. Magnetic resonance imaging performed at the age of 1 year showed multiple nodules of varying size in his liver. We were able to examine the mitochondrial respiratory chain function in the liver biopsy samples because all other differential diagnoses for hepatic cirrhosis had been ruled out. Complex I and IV activities were below the normal level (<30%) of the citrate synthase (CS) ratio. Liver blue native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed an extremely weak complex I and IV band. Liver respiratory chain complexes I and IV were found to be deficient in this patient. The histologic findings were highly suggestive of mitochondrial respiratory chain disorder. Findings of progressive liver cirrhosis changes were observed in magnetic resonance imaging at the age of 5 years. An examination of the mitochondrial respiratory chain function should be performed along with a liver biopsy if mitochondrial respiratory chain disorder is suspected as a possible differential diagnosis of idiopathic hepatitis.
Anaphylactic reaction to polyethylene‐glycol conjugated‐asparaginase: Premedication and desensitization may not be sufficient
Authors: Sahiner Umit M. , Yavuz S. Tolga , Gökce Muge , Buyuktiryaki Betul , Altan Ilhan , Aytac Selin , Tuncer Murat , Tuncer Ayfer , Sackesen Cansin 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIn hypersensitive reactions to native L‐asparaginase, either premedication and desensitization or substitution with polyethylene glycol conjugated asparaginase (PEG‐ASP) is preferred. Anaphylaxis with PEG‐ASP is rare. An 8‐year‐old girl and a 2.5‐year‐old boy, both diagnosed as having acute lymphoblastic leukemia, presented with native L‐asparaginase hypersensitivity and substitution with PEG‐ASP was preferred. They received a premedication (methylprednisolone, hydroxyzine and ranitidine) followed by desensitization with PEG‐ASP infusion. Both patients developed anaphylaxis with peg‐asparaginase. These are the first reported cases of anaphylactic reaction to PEG‐ASP, despite the application of both premedication and desensitization. Anaphylaxis with PEG‐ASP is very rare and premedication and desensitization protocols may not prevent these hypersensitive reactions.
Photooxidation Mechanism of Levomepromazine in Different Solvents
Authors: Piñero‐Santiago Luis E. , García Carmelo , Lhiaubet‐Vallet Virginie , Trzcionka Jerome , Oyola Rolando , Torres Karen , Leguillú Jaysika , Miranda Miguel A. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractUnwanted photoinduced responses are well‐known adverse effects of most promazine drugs, including levomepromazine (LPZ, Levoprome® or Nozinan®). This drug is indicated in psychiatry primarily for the treatment of schizophrenia and other schizoaffective disorders. Levomepromazine's particular sedative properties make it especially fit for use in psychiatric intensive care. Nevertheless, it is photolabile under UV‐A and UV‐B light in aerobic conditions resulting in the formation of its sulfoxide. The LPZ photochemistry in acetonitrile (MeCN) is completely different from that in methanol (MeOH) and phosphate buffer solutions (PBS, pH = 7.4). The major photoproduct in PBS and MeOH under aerobic conditions is levomepromazine sulfoxide (LPZSO), although the amount is considerably higher in the aqueous environment. The corresponding main photoproduct in MeCN could not be characterized. The destruction quantum yields of LPZ in PBS, MeOH and MeCN are 0.13, 0.02 and <10−3, respectively. It is further demonstrated that LPZSO does not form by the reaction of singlet oxygen with ground‐state LPZ. This oxidation product is actually produced by the reaction of the cation radical of LPZ (LPZ·+) with molecular oxygen. This cation radical in turn, is produced by an electron transfer process between the 3LPZ* and ground‐state molecular oxygen.
Elucidating the temporal and spatial dynamics of Biomphalaria glabrata genetic diversity in three Brazilian villages
Authors: Thiele Elizabeth A. , Corrêa‐Oliveira Guilherme , Gazzinelli Andrea , Minchella Dennis J. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractObjectiveThe freshwater snail Biomphalaria glabrata is the principal intermediate host for the parasite Schistosoma mansoni within Brazil. We assessed the potential effects of snail population dynamics on parasite transmission dynamics via population genetics.MethodsWe sampled snail populations located within the confines of three schistosome‐endemic villages in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Snails were collected from individual microhabitats following seasonal periods of flood and drought over the span of 1 year. Snail spatio‐temporal genetic diversity and population differentiation of 598 snails from 12 sites were assessed at seven microsatellite loci.ResultsAverage genetic diversity was relatively low, ranging from 4.29 to 9.43 alleles per locus, and overall, subpopulations tended to exhibit heterozygote deficits. Genetic diversity was highly spatially partitioned among subpopulations, while virtually, no partitioning was observed across temporal sampling. Comparison with previously published parasite genetic diversity data indicated that S. mansoni populations are significantly more variable and less subdivided than those of the B. glabrata intermediate hosts.DiscussionWithin individual Brazilian villages, observed distributions of snail genetic diversity indicate temporal stability and very restricted gene flow. This is contrary to observations of schistosome genetic diversity over the same spatial scale, corroborating the expectation that parasite gene flow at the level of individual villages is likely driven by vertebrate host movement.
Model selection reveals control of cold signalling by evening‐phased components of the plant circadian clock
Authors: Keily Jack , MacGregor Dana R. , Smith Robert W. , Millar Andrew J. , Halliday Karen J. , Penfield Steven 
Published: August 2013

SummaryCircadian clocks confer advantages by restricting biological processes to certain times of day through the control of specific phased outputs. Control of temperature signalling is an important function of the plant oscillator, but the architecture of the gene network controlling cold signalling by the clock is not well understood. Here we use a model ensemble fitted to time‐series data and a corrected Akaike Information Criterion (AICc) analysis to extend a dynamic model to include the control of the key cold‐regulated transcription factors C‐REPEAT BINDING FACTORs 1–3 (CBF1, CBF2, CBF3). AICc was combined with in silico analysis of genetic perturbations in the model ensemble, and selected a model that predicted mutant phenotypes and connections between evening‐phased circadian clock components and CBF3 transcriptional control, but these connections were not shared by CBF1 and CBF2. In addition, our model predicted the correct gating of CBF transcription by cold only when the cold signal originated from the clock mechanism itself, suggesting that the clock has an important role in temperature signal transduction. Our data shows that model selection could be a useful method for the expansion of gene network models.