bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diversity‐Oriented Approach to Carbocycles and Heterocycles through Ring‐Rearrangement Metathesis, Fischer Indole Cyclization, and Diels–Alder Reaction as Key Steps
Authors: Kotha Sambasivarao , Ravikumar Ongolu 
Published: July 2014

AbstractReadily available dicyclopentadiene derivatives were subjected to ring‐rearrangement metathesis in the presence of ruthenium catalysts to deliver a range of fused polycycle frameworks containing carbocycles, oxacycles, and azacycles. We have used atom‐economic processes such as ring‐rearrangement metathesis, Fischer indole cyclization, and the Diels–Alder reaction as key steps.
Stressful Life Events and Binge Eating Disorder
Authors: Degortes Daniela , Santonastaso Paolo , Zanetti Tatiana , Tenconi Elena , Veronese Angela , Favaro Angela 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAlthough there is evidence about the role played by stressful life events (SE) in the pathogenesis of eating disorders, few studies to date have explored this problem in binge eating disorder (BED). The aim of the present study was to examine SE preceding the onset of BED. A retrospective interview‐based design was used to compare 107 patients with BED and 107 patients with bulimia nervosa (BN), matched for duration of illness. Compared with patients with BN, those with BED reported a greater number of traumatic events in the 6 months preceding onset, revealing more often three types of events: bereavement, separation from a family member and accidents. The presence of SE before onset showed a dose–response relationship with the severity of psychopathology at the time of referral for treatment. Study of SE in patients with BED may be important for better understanding of the pathogenetic pathway to this disorder and to provide adequate treatment. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Photodegradation of the antihistamine cetirizine in natural waters
Authors: Mead Ralph N. , Barefoot Seth , Helms John R. , Morgan Jeremy B. , Kieber Robert J. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

The photodegradation rate of the anti-histamine cetirizine (Zyrtec®) was investigated in various water matrices. The average observed first-order photodegradation rate coefficient (kobs), obtained by linear regression of the logarithmic-transformed cetirizine concentrations versus irradiation time in simulated sunlight, was 0.024 h−1 (n = 6; standard deviation ± 0.004) in deionized water corresponding to a half-life of approximately 30 h. There was no statistical difference in the kobs of cetirizine photodegradation in coastal seawater compared with deionized water or deionized water amended with dissolved chromophoric organic matter. The quantum yield of cetirizine photodegradation decreased dramatically with increasing wavelength and decreasing energy of incoming radiation, with the average value ranging from 5.28 × 10−4 to 6.40 × 10−3 in the ultraviolet wavelength range (280–366 nm). The activation energy of cetirizine photodegradation was 10.3 kJ mol−1 with an observed increase in cetirizine photodegradation as temperature increased. This is a significant environmental factor influencing half-life and an important consideration, given that cetirizine has been detected in wastewater and receiving waters from different locations globally. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:2240–2245. © 2014 SETAC
Decrease of free radical concentrations in humans following consumption of a high antioxidant capacity natural product
Authors: Nemzer Boris , Chang Tony , Xie Zhuohong , Pietrzkowski Zbigniew , Reyes Tania , Ou Boxin 
Published: July 2014

AbstractORAC and other in vitro methods have to date proved useful in measuring antioxidant potential in foods. In order to better understand the potential relationship between diet and free radical production/mitigation, an in vivo analytic method can provide new insight into directly measuring reactive oxidant species (ROS). Dihydrorhodamine‐6G (DHR6G) is indiscriminate to the various free radicals found in humans, and therefore can be useful in quantifying total ROS in vivo. Our aim was to investigate whether the total ROS in human subjects can be quantified using DHR6G after intake of a blend of antioxidants‐rich fruit and vegetable‐based materials. Twelve participants were given 100 mg of a proprietary blend of fruit, vegetable, and herb powders and concentrates commercially marketed under the trade name “Spectra™”. Blood samples were collected at 0, 60, 120 and 180 min and were subsequently tested for ROS in serum using DHR6G as a fluorescent probe. By quantifying this fluorescence, we were able to measure ROS concentrations in human blood. This method is both reliable and efficient for evaluating the efficacy of antioxidants against ROS in vivo. Our data indicate that eleven participants responded to the intake of Spectra™ by significant decreases of ROS concentrations.
Synthesis of New Sulfonium Ylides Bearing the Chiral Diazaphospholidine Group as Reagents for Asymmetric Cyclopropanation
Authors: Owsianik Krzysztof , Wieczorek Wanda , Balińska Agnieszka , Mikołajczyk Marian 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTSulfonium ylides derived from chiral N,N'‐substituted (benzyl, isopropyl, neopentyl) phosphonamides were prepared by reacting appropriate chiral diamidophosphites with potassium hydride and chloromethyl methyl sulfide, and then with methyl iodide in the presence AgBF4 to give the corresponding sulfonium salts in high yields. One of them was analyzed by X‐ray crystallography. The salts upon treatment with different bases (LithiumDiisopropylAmine, BuLi, K2CO3) were converted in situ into ylides, which were reacted with activated olefins to produce phosphonocyclopropanes as a mixture of two diastereoisomers with moderate‐to‐high diastereoselectivities.
Calcineurin phosphatase as a negative regulator of fear memory in hippocampus: Control on nuclear factor‐κB signaling in consolidation and reconsolidation
Authors: de la Fuente Verónica , Federman Noel , Fustiñana María Sol , Zalcman Gisela , Romano Arturo 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTProtein phosphatases are important regulators of neural plasticity and memory. Some studies support that the Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent phosphatase calcineurin (CaN) is, on the one hand, a negative regulator of memory formation and, on the other hand, a positive regulator of memory extinction and reversal learning. However, the signaling mechanisms by which CaN exerts its action in such processes are not well understood. Previous findings support that CaN negatively regulate the nuclear factor kappaB (NF‐κB) signaling pathway during extinction. Here, we have studied the role of CaN in contextual fear memory consolidation and reconsolidation in the hippocampus. We investigated the CaN control on the NF‐κB signaling pathway, a key mechanism that regulates gene expression in memory processes. We found that post‐training intrahippocampal administration of the CaN inhibitor FK506 enhanced memory retention one day but not two weeks after training. Accordingly, the inhibition of CaN by FK506 increased NF‐κB activity in dorsal hippocampus. The administration of the NF‐κB signaling pathway inhibitor sulfasalazine (SSZ) impeded the enhancing effect of FK506. In line with our findings in consolidation, FK506 administration before memory reactivation enhanced memory reconsolidation when tested one day after re‐exposure to the training context. Strikingly, memory was also enhanced two weeks after training, suggesting that reinforcement during reconsolidation is more persistent than during consolidation. The coadministration of SSZ and FK506 blocked the enhancement effect in reconsolidation, suggesting that this facilitation is also dependent on the NF‐κB signaling pathway. In summary, our results support a novel mechanism by which memory formation and reprocessing can be controlled by CaN regulation on NF‐κB activity. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
ESTIMATING FISCAL LIMITS: THE CASE OF GREECE
Authors: Bi Huixin , Traum Nora 
Published: July 2014

SUMMARYThis paper uses Bayesian methods to estimate a real business cycle model that allows for interactions among fiscal policy instruments, the stochastic ‘fiscal limit’ and sovereign default. Using the particle filter to perform likelihood‐based inference, we estimate the full nonlinear model with post‐EMU data until 2010:Q4. We find that (i) the probability of default on Greek debt was in the range of 5–10% in 2010:Q4 and (ii) the 2011 surge in the Greek real interest rate is within model forecast bands. The results suggest that a nonlinear rational expectations environment can account for the Greek interest rate path. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Elevated levels of antibodies against xenobiotics in a subgroup of healthy subjects
Authors: Vojdani Aristo , Kharrazian Datis , Mukherjee Partha Sarathi 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIn spite of numerous research efforts, the exact etiology of autoimmune diseases remains largely unknown. Genetics and environmental factors, including xenobiotics, are believed to be involved in the induction of autoimmune disease. Some environmental chemicals, acting as haptens, can bind to a high‐molecular‐weight carrier protein such as human serum albumin (HSA), causing the immune system to misidentify self‐tissue as an invader and launch an immune response against it, leading to autoimmunity. This study aimed to examine the percentage of blood samples from healthy donors in which chemical agents mounted immune challenges and produced antibodies against HSA‐bound chemicals. The levels of specific antibodies against 12 different chemicals bound to HSA were measured by ELISA in serum from 400 blood donors. We found that 10% (IgG) and 17% (IgM) of tested individuals showed significant antibody elevation against aflatoxin‐HSA adduct. The percentage of elevation against the other 11 chemicals ranged from 8% to 22% (IgG) and 13% to 18% (IgM). Performance of serial dilution and inhibition of the chemical–antibody reaction by specific antigens but not by non‐specific antigens were indicative of the specificity of these antibodies. Although we lack information about chemical exposure in the tested individuals, detection of antibodies against various protein adducts may indicate chronic exposure to these chemical haptens in about 20% of the tested individuals. Currently the pathological significance of these antibodies in human blood is still unclear, and this protein adduct formation could be one of the mechanisms by which environmental chemicals induce autoimmune reactivity in a significant percentage of the population. Copyright © 2014. The Authors. Journal of Applied Toxicology Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Resveratrol protects against homocysteine‐induced cell damage via cell stress response in neuroblastoma cells
Authors: Currò Monica , Trovato‐Salinaro Angela , Gugliandolo Agnese , Koverech Guido , Lodato Francesca , Caccamo Daniela , Calabrese Vittorio , Ientile Riccardo 
Published: July 2014

Recent findings underscore that some natural compounds are responsible for specific biochemical effects, i.e., the activation of redox‐sensitive intracellular pathways and modulation of different stress proteins, such as heat shock proteins and sirtuins. Resveratrol, a natural polyphenol widely present in plants, has been shown to display various beneficial effects, including neuroprotection, in several pathological conditions.In the present study, by using differentiated SH‐SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, we investigated the potential protective effects of resveratrol against homocysteine‐induced neurotoxicity. We observed that homocysteine (100 µM) decreased cell viability while at the same time significantly increasing intracellular reactive oxygen species and DNA fragmentation. Cell pretreatment with resveratrol concentrations ranging from 1 to 5 µM elicited protective effects through the reduction of oxidative stress and genotoxic damage. In addition, we observed that resveratrol produced significant changes in the expression of both Hsp70 and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1). After homocysteine treatment in the presence of resveratrol, SIRT1 protein was found abundantly not only in the cytosol but also in the nucleus, as demonstrated by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The results of this study suggest that resveratrol is a potential protective agent against homocysteine‐induced neurotoxicity and that beneficial effects are accompanied by changes in cell stress response. Taken together, these features contribute to our knowledge of underlying mechanisms involved in resveratrol‐induced cell survival. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Physiological effects of temperature on turfgrass tolerance to amicarbazone
Authors: Yu Jialin , McCullough Patrick E , Grey Timothy 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDAmicarbazone effectively controls annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) in bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. × C. transvaalensis Burtt‐Davy] and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) with spring applications, but summer applications may excessively injure tall fescue. The objective of this research was to investigate physiological effects of temperature on amicarbazone efficacy, absorption, translocation and metabolism in annual bluegrass, bermudagrass and tall fescue.RESULTSAt 25/20 °C (day/night), annual bluegrass absorbed 58 and 40% more foliar‐applied amicarbazone than bermudagrass and tall fescue, respectively, after 72 h. Foliar absorption increased at 40/35 °C in all species, compared with 25/20 °C, and tall fescue had similar absorption to annual bluegrass at 40/35 °C. At 6 days after treatment, annual bluegrass metabolized 54% of foliar‐applied amicarbazone, while bermudagrass and tall fescue metabolized 67 and 64% respectively.CONCLUSIONTall fescue is more tolerant to amicarbazone than annual bluegrass at moderate temperatures (≈25/20 °C) owing to less absorption and greater metabolism. However, tall fescue susceptibility to amicarbazone injury at high temperatures (40/35 °C) results from enhanced herbicide absorption compared with lower temperatures (25/20 °C). Bermudagrass is more tolerant to amicarbazone than annual bluegrass and tall fescue owing to less herbicide absorption, regardless of temperature. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Informed selection of future climates
Authors: Arndt Channing , Fant Charles , Robinson Sherman , Strzepek Kenneth 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Analysis of climate change is often computationally burdensome. Here, we present an approach for intelligently selecting a sample of climates from a population of 6800 climates designed to represent the full distribution of likely climate outcomes out to 2050 for the Zambeze River Valley. Philosophically, our approach draws upon information theory. Technically, our approach draws upon the numerical integration literature and recent applications of Gaussian quadrature sampling. In our approach, future climates in the Zambeze River Valley are summarized in 12 variables. Weighted Gaussian quadrature samples containing approximately 400 climates are then obtained using the information from these 12 variables. Specifically, the moments of the 12 summary variables in the samples, out to order three, are obliged to equal (or be close to) the moments of the population of 6800 climates. Runoff in the Zambeze River Valley is then estimated for 2026 to 2050 using the CliRun model for all 6800 climates. It is then straightforward to compare the properties of various subsamples. Based on a root of mean square error (RMSE) criteria, the Gaussian quadrature samples substantially outperform random samples of the same size in the prediction of annual average runoff from 2026 to 2050. Relative to random samples, Gaussian quadrature samples tend to perform best when climate change effects are stronger. We conclude that, when properly employed, Gaussian quadrature samples provide an efficient and tractable way to treat climate uncertainty in biophysical and economic models.
Improved Solubility and Emulsification of Wet‐Milled Corn Germ Protein Recovered by Ultrafiltration–Diafiltration
Authors: Hojilla‐Evangelista Mila P. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis study evaluated Ultrafiltration–Diafiltration (UFDF) as a means to improve the extractability of wet‐milled corn germ protein and determined its effects on the functional properties of the recovered protein product. Wet germ and dried germ proteins were extracted by using 0.1 M NaCl at 50 °C. Major steps in the method were stirring, centrifugation, UFDF and freeze‐drying. For dried germ, the UFDF method showed marginal increase in protein extraction efficiency, while that of wet germ remained similar to what we observed for the baseline method (saline extraction with dialysis instead of UFDF). UFDF protein extracts from both germ samples were significantly more soluble than extracts recovered by the baseline method and showed atypical solubility profiles; i.e., the amount of soluble protein was essentially unchanged under acidic, neutral, and alkaline pH. UFDF‐dried germ protein was markedly more soluble than UFDF‐wet germ protein (80 vs 50 % soluble protein, respectively) between pH 2 and pH 10. Both of these UFDF‐germ proteins also had emulsifying capacities and water‐holding capacities that were superior to those of proteins extracted by the baseline method, but this favorable effect by UFDF was not observed for emulsion stability, foaming properties, and heat stability.
Guidelines and tools for organizing and conducting maternal death reviews
Authors: De Brouwere Vincent , Zinnen Véronique , Delvaux Thérèse , Leke Robert 
Published: July 2014

AbstractMaternal death reviews (MDRs) provide the multidisciplinary maternity care team with a process to conduct in‐depth review of the health care and circumstances surrounding maternal deaths. From these reviews, recommendations to improve care in primary, secondary, and tertiary healthcare settings can be made. Practical guidelines and training curricula for MDRs are lacking. To fill this gap, a manual comprising guidelines and tools to help health professionals conduct structured MDRs was developed through the FIGO LOGIC initiative.
Development of a strategic plan by the Mozambican Association of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists: Direct and indirect effects
Authors: Osman Nafissa B. , Almeida Maria L. , Ustá Momade B. , Bique Cassimo , David Ernestina 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe Mozambican Association of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (AMOG) received support from the FIGO Leadership in Obstetrics and Gynecology for Impact and Change (LOGIC) Initiative in Maternal and Newborn Health (MNH) to strengthen its organizational capacity and to assume leadership in MNH through the development of a strategic plan. The planning process involved identification of key stakeholders; analysis of strengths and weaknesses; stakeholder consultation; consultation with AMOG members; and ratification at the annual general meeting. The participatory process led to the development of vision and mission statements. Furthermore, core values and strategic goals were identified: (1) to contribute to the implementation of governmental plans for improving MNH; (2) to assume leadership in advancing the practice of obstetrics and gynecology through education and training; and (3) to continue to strengthen organizational capacity. Consequently, relationships among members were reinforced and the visibility and recognition of AMOG as a key stakeholder in MNH increased.
Reduction of Homogeneous Riemannian Structures
Authors: López M. Castrillón , Luján I. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe goal of this paper is the study of homogeneous Riemannian structure tensors within the framework of reduction under a group H of isometries. In a first result, H is a normal subgroup of the group of symmetries associated with the reducing tensor . The situation when H is any group acting freely is analyzed in a second result. The invariant classes of homogeneous tensors are also investigated when reduction is performed. It turns out that the geometry of the fibres is involved in the preservation of some of them. Some classical examples illustrate the theory. Finally, the reduction procedure is applied to fibrings of almost contact manifolds over almost Hermitian manifolds. If the structure is, moreover, Sasakian, the obtained reduced tensor is homogeneous Kähler.
Was there a Cambrian ocean in South China? – Insight from detrital provenance analyses
Authors: YAO WEI-HUA , LI ZHENG-XIANG , LI WU-XIAN 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe use detrital provenance data from Cambrian sandstones to examine whether the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks in South China were separated by an ocean during the Cambrian period. Zircons from the Cambrian sandstones exhibit a dominant ~ 800 Ma age peak in the central Yangtze Block, being sourced from the western Yangtze Block, whereas a ~ 980 Ma peak dominates in the northwestern Cathaysia Block, being sourced from an exotic continent once connected to Cathaysia. A mixed provenance with both age peaks is found in Cambrian sandstones from the southeastern Yangtze Block, indicating that detritus can travel from the Cathaysia Block to the Yangtze Block, and therefore arguing against the existence of a broad Cambrian ocean.
“To the Arab Hebrew”: On Possibilities and Impossibilities
Authors: Gribetz Jonathan Marc 
Published: July 2014

“To the Arab Hebrew [la-ʿivriyah ha-ʿarviyah]! If you are a Hebrew, you are not an Arab. If an Arab, not a Hebrew. So, you are neither a Hebrew nor an Arab . . . C.Q.F.D.” This paid announcement, published by an anonymous reader of the Jerusalem-based Hebrew newspaper ha-Tsevi on 27 November 1908, reminds us that the idea of an Arab Jew (or, in the parlance of Palestinian Hebrew in the early 20th century, an Arab Hebrew) has been at once present and contested from the early years of Zionist settlement in Palestine. Moreover, the contestation was (as it remains) often more emotional than logical (ce qu'il fallait démontrer notwithstanding). But the category of Arab Hebrew was not constructed simply to be attacked; for some, including another personal advertiser on the very same page of ha-Tsevi, Arab Hebrew was a self-proclaimed identity. “To M. M.,” he or she wrote, “I saw you, I knew you, I respected you. I will leave you, I will remember you, and I will not forget you.” This mysterious, otherwise anonymous, apparent break-up letter—a succinct, public tweet a century before Twitter—was signed by “Arab Hebrew [ʿivri ʿarvi].”