bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aesthetic Principles of the Upper Front Teeth: Application of Golden Proportion (Levin) and Golden Percentage (Snow)
Authors: Markovics Emese Rita , Jánosi Kinga , Biriș Carmen , Cerghizan Diana , Horga C , Bögözi B , Iacob Alina 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Objective: The objective of our work is to examine the presence of the much-discussed golden proportion provided by Levin, and of the golden percentage (Snow), on the widths of maxillary anterior teeth, by measurements made on digital images.
Material and method: The material of this study consists of digital photographs taken of subjects with natural and esthetic teeth. We took photos of 68 subjects (35 women and 33 men), between 19 and 26 years. Using a computer program, we made the necesarry measurements, then we made the appropriate calculations of the above theories.
Results: The golden proportion between the lateral and central incisor occurs in a higher proportion than between the canine and the lateral incisor. The values obtained by analyzing the golden proportion differ slightly from those proposed by Snow.
Conclusions: The frequency of the golden proportion is not significant for the groups of teeth mentioned. With small modifications and taking into consideration ethnic differences, Snow's golden percentage is more valid and applicable than Levin's golden proportion is.
Two Cases of Dorsal Urethral Duplication
Authors: Gozar H , Prișcă Ra , Derzsi Zoltán 
Published: August 2013

Abstract Urethral duplication is a rare congenital anomaly. In addition to a normally urethra, there is an accessory urethra arising from the bladder or the proximal urethra which may open anywhere on the penis or even on the perineum. Many patients with this malformation are asymptomatic. Some patients may complain of intermittent discharge from the accessory urethra, incontinence, infection, double streams or stricture. The duplicated urethra may be complete or incomplete, may be located dorsal, ventral or in Y-type. The treatment of urethral duplication is individualized, depending on the type of malformation. We report two cases of dorsal urethral duplication discovered in two boys.
Chondrodermatitis Nodularis Helicis
Authors: Fekete Gyula László , Fekete Júlia Edit 
Published: August 2013

Abstract Chondrodermatitis nodularis helicis is a rare and well defined clinical condition, characterized by the appearance of painful nodule or nodules located on the helix. Affects mainly white men, aged 50 and more. The pathogenesis of the disease is unclear. The used treatments gives excellent results, but the disease tends to relapse. We present a clinical case of a young man of 38 years of age with a painful nodule located on the left ear.
The Role of Monitoring the Bcr-Abl Transcript Levels in the Management of Patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Tunyogi Aliz-Beáta , Benedek I , Köpeczi Judit Beáta , Benedek Erzsébet , Kakucs Enikő , Istrati Monica , Pap Zsuzsa 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Introduction: Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a clonal myeloproliferative disorder; the molecular hallmark of the disease is the BCR-ABL gene rearrangement, which usually occurs as the result of a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) were the first drugs that targeted the constitutively active BCR-ABL kinase and it have become the standard frontline therapy for CML. Monitoring the treatment of CML patients with detection of bcr-abl transcript levels with real time qualitative polymerase chain reaction (RQ-PCR) is essential in evaluating the therapeutic response.
Material and method: At the Clinical Hematology and BMT Unit Tîrgu Mureș, between 2008-2011, we performed the molecular monitoring of bcr-abl transcript levels with RQ-PCR in 16 patients diagnosed with CML.
Results: We have 11 patients on imatinib treatment who achieved major molecular response. One patient lost the complete molecular response after 5 years of treatment. Two patients in blast crisis underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from identical sibling donors. The first patient is in complete molecular remission after 4 years of the transplant with mild chronic GVHD. The other patient had an early relapse with treatment refractory disease and died from evolution of the disease. Three patients with advanced phases of the disease present increasing transcript levels. We performed the dose escalation, and for two of them the switch to the second generation of TKI.
Conclusions: Regular molecular monitoring of individual patients with CML is clearly desirable. It allows for a reassessment of the therapeutic strategy in cases of rising levels of BCR-ABL as an early indication of loss of response.
Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia: a Single-Centre Experience
Authors: Kakucs Enikő , Benedek I , Benedek Erzsébet , Köpeczi Judit Beáta , Tunyogi Aliz , Istrati Monica 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Introduction: Autologous haemopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT) is an important treatment modality for patients with acute myeloid leukemia with low and intermediate risk disease. It has served advantages over allogenic transplantation, because it does not need a matched donor, there is no graft versus host disease, there are less complications and a faster immune reconstitution than in the allo-setting. The disadvantage is the lack of the graft versus leukaemia effect.
Materials and methods: In the Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit Tîrgu Mureș 14 patients with acute myeloid leukemia received an autologous SCT. Mobilization of the stem cells was performed using chemotherapy and granulocytic colony stimulating factor. The conditioning regimen for SCT consists in monotherapy with busulfan (Bu) 16 mg/kg, BuCy: busulfan in combination with Cyclophosphamide (CY) 120 mg/ kg or BuMel: Busulfan in association with Melphalan (Mel) 140 mg/m2.
Results: The median patient age was 36 years (range 20-55), 9 (64%) were males and 5 (36) were females and the median time interval from diagnosis to autologous SCT was 9 months (range 3-25). All the patients were transplanted successfully, all of them achieved a sustained neutrophil count (> 0.5 G/L), median time 11 days (9-15) and platelet count (> 20 G/L) median time 14 days (10-19) after transplantation.
Conclusions: We conclude that autologous stem cell transplantation is an effective treatment in acute myeloid leukemia with the possibility of long survival, particularly in patients with standard risk disease
Dominance Relations in the Light of Repairmechanisms in Family-doctor-Patient and Hospital Teacher-Student Encounters
Authors: Kránicz Rita , Hambuch Anikó , Hamar-Savay Judit , Rébék-Nagy G , Sárkány-Lőrinc Anita 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Introduction: Repair mechanisms, both marked and unmarked, are present in institutional interactions including family doctor-patient and hospital teacher-student encounters. While in most of the cases unmarked repair is carried out by the dominant partner, sometimes marked repair mechanisms are initiated by the client. The present study was undertaken to throw light upon these marked repairs. The aim of the study is to compare two interactions, the first is between a GP and a patient and the second is between a hospital teacher and a student.
Material and method: The dominance relations in the recorded and transcribed dialogues were shown as the first step in the investigation of the repairs. After realising typical repair mechanisms, the focus of the analysis is directed to special occasions, where the initiator is not the dominant participant.
Results: The doctor-patient relationship can be characterized by the dominance of the doctor and in the teacher-student encounter by the dominance of the teacher. Although in most of the cases the dominant participant initiates the turns, the initiation of the non-dominant party can also be observed, in 16-20 % of the encounters.
Conclusions: The relatively frequent repairs of the non-dominant party suggests a diversion from the conventions of the institutional talk, which requires further investigation.
Hedging in Popular Scientific Articles on Medicine
Authors: Csongor Alexandra , Rébék-Nagy G 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this study is to investigate the process of rewriting medical research papers for the lay public. The latest findings of medical research often appear in the popular media. It is interesting to see what happens to a scientific text when it is transmitted to a new audience. Hedging is usually interpreted as a characteristic feature of scientific discourse. This study focuses on hedging, which also tends to be applied in popularized articles in the field of medicine.
Material and method: Five medical research articles on prenatal vitamins and their online popularizations were examined by means of a text analyzing software, focusing on lexical items considered as hedges. The frequency and the overall percentage of hedging devices with respect to the total number of words were recorded in the five popularizations.
Results: The results of the present study suggest that the linguistic strategy of hedging is applied in popular articles. Approximators, auxiliaries, epistemic verbs and adverbs expressing tentativeness, possibility and politeness were used in the corpus. The overall percentage of the lexical items commonly regarded as hedges, with respect to the total number of words, was 1-2.2% in the five articles. The writers also use linguistic techniques that can be interpreted as attribution shields. These defense tools convey the meaning that it is the researcher, rather than the writer, who is responsible for the truth of the information.
Conclusions: Hedging as a means of uncertainty and negative politeness technique is used in the popularizations analyzed. The present study should be extended to investigate tendencies in popularization of scientific information.
Soft Tissue Injuries in Hungarian and Austrian Clinical Diagnostic Reports
Authors: Fogarasi-Nuber Katalin , Rébék-Nagy G 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIntroduction: In addition to providing first aid, primary treating doctors are required to describe and register injuries acquired in accidents and assaults. They should do this with the highest possible accuracy, as this official document is often the only documentary evidence of soft tissue injuries in case a lawsuit is filed later. Characteristics of injuries may disappear faster with the healing process of the soft tissue, making it impossible for forensic experts to deduce the weapon involved. Consequently, terminological accuracy is a prerequisite for the appropriate reconstruction of the type and severity of injuries. This study aims at analysing reports on soft tissue injuries in Hungary and Austria from the terminological point of view. It is meant to reveal inaccuracies in the use of noun phrases impairing objective and accurate forensic assessment.Material and method: A corpus-based analysis was conducted on 200 Medical Diagnostic Reports (MDRs) from Hungary and Austria (100 from each country) with the linguistic software WordSmith 5.0. Results were processed in Microsoft Excel and demonstrated in graphs.Results: The analysis showed that terminology describing soft tissue injuries is not consistent. Comparatively few characteristics of injuries were recorded in both sub-corpuses. Due to inconsistent use of terms and missing characteristics, 17 % of the Hungarian and 18% of the Austrian MDRs were not completely assessable by forensic experts.Conclusions: Describing injuries for legal purposes needs standardisation.
Nutritional Approach of Pediatric Patients Diagnosed with Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Togănel Rodica 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Congenital heart defects are among the most frequent anomalies present at birth, representing a heterogeneous group of malformations, both in terms of pathogenesis and clinical significance of the lesion. Failure to grow is well documented in infants with complex congenital heart defects; the presence of associated chromosomal abnormalities, cyanosis, and cardiac failure adds to the complexity and challenge. Malnutrition etiology can be grouped into the following three categories: inadequate intake, inefficient absorption and utilization, and/or increased energy needs. The consequences of malnutrition are both short and long term, timely nutritional intervention being necessary in order to maintain an adequate nutritional state. Because there are several types of congenital heart defects and multiple mechanisms by which they produce failure to thrive, no single strategy will be adequate to treat all cases. Medical complications such as chylotorax, necrotizing enterocolitis, laryngeal and neurological dysfunction play a major role in the requisite nutrition therapy in infants with congenital heart defect; limited access to human milk and parenteral concerns, as well as stress about feeding are also factors that can contribute to poor outcomes concerning nutrition and growth. Protocols are being considered and designed, and a systematic approach is always needed. The quality of life for patient and family, as well as getting the child back on track for age-appropriate development are always at the fore-front of each care plan.
Influence of Ephemeris Error on GPS Single Point Positioning Accuracy
Authors: Lihua Ma , Wang Meng 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
The Global Positioning System (GPS) user makes use of the navigation message transmitted from GPS satellites to achieve its location. Because the receiver uses the satellite's location in position calculations, an ephemeris error, a difference between the expected and actual orbital position of a GPS satellite, reduces user accuracy. The influence extent is decided by the precision of broadcast ephemeris from the control station upload. Simulation analysis with the Yuma almanac show that maximum positioning error exists in the case where the ephemeris error is along the line-of-sight (LOS) direction. Meanwhile, the error is dependent on the relationship between the observer and spatial constellation at some time period.
Propagation of Cylindrical Rayleigh Waves in a Transversly Isotropic Thermoelastic Diffusive Solid Half-Space
Authors: Kumar Rajneesh , Kansal Tarun 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
The propagation of cylindrical Rayleigh waves in a trans- versely isotropic thermoelastic diffusive solid half-space subjected to stress free, isothermal/insulated and impermeable or isoconcentrated boundary conditions is investigated in the framework of different theories of ther- moelastic diffusion. The dispersion equation of cylindrical Rayleigh waves has been derived. The phase velocity and attenuation coefficients have been computed from the dispersion equation by using Muller’s method. Some special cases of dispersion equation are also deduced
A Numerical Approach for Estimating the Effects of Multiple Earthquakes to Seismic Response of Structures Strengthened by Cable-Elements
Authors: Liolios Asterios , Liolios Angelos , Hatzigeorgiou George 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
The behaviour of reinforced concrete (RC) frames, which have been strengthened by cable elements and are subjected to multi- ple earthquakes, is numerically investigated. The purpose is to estimate damage indices in order to compare the seismic response of the structures before and after the retrofit by cable element strengthening and to select the optimum strengthening version
Long-Term Strength of Polymer Blends from Recycled Materials
Authors: Krastev R. K. , Djoumaliisky S. , Borovanska I. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
This report presents data on the long-term strength of five composites made of plastic waste. They contain low density polyethylene, high density polyethylene, polypropylene and polystyrene (LDPE, HDPE, PP and PS). Long-term strength is determined experimentally by tensile creep to fracture. The experimentally determined long-term strength is compared to predictions for its probabilistic boundaries. The calculation method of these predictions uses data from short-term experiments. The calculated predictions are true for four compositions which exhibit ductile fracture. The composite containing 50 wt.% PS has the greatest strength (of the tested specimens) and has brittle fracture. Its calculated estimate of long-term strength is not consistent with the experimental one.
Strength-Deformation Properties of Fine-Grained Fibre-Reinforced Concretes
Authors: Mironova M. , Naidenov V. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
The main strength-deformation properties of fine-grained fiber-reinforced concretes with different type and quantity of fibres, used as repair overlays, are discussed. The results of mechanical properties of experimental compositions are obtained and generalized for two basis ages and standard laboratory environment. The experimental results are mathematical processed using MATLAB procedure. The basic character- istics - residual strength, toughness indexes and residual strength factors are obtained as a function of type as well as quantity of the hybrid fibre- reinforcement.
Strain Energy Release Rate Determination in the Case of Mode II Crack in Overhanging Bilayered Composite Beam
Authors: Rizov Victor I. , Mladensky Angel S. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Mode II crack in overhanging bilayered composite beam is investigated. The beam has rectangular cross-section and is made by two unidirectional fiber reinforced composites. The formula for strain energy release rate, G, is obtained by linear elastic fracture mechanics compliance technique. The validity of the expression derived is established by comparison with solution for G in which the internal forces in front and behind the crack tip are used. The influence of the two layers moduli of elasticity ratio on the strain energy release rate is investigated. The dependence among the strain energy release rate and the ratio of the lengths of the overhang beam part and the beam span is also analyzed.
The role of chitinases and glucanases in somatic embryogenesis of black pine and hybrid firs
Authors: Fráterová Lenka , Salaj Terézia , Matušíková Ildikó , Salaj Ján 
Published: August 2013

AbstractGlucanase and chitinase enzymes play an important role in different plant processes including defense against pathogens and morphogenesis. Moreover, their role in the processes of somatic embryogenesis has been demonstrated. It has been suggested, that the presence of this type of proteins might be a marker for embryogenic potential of callus cultures. In this work we screened for the presence of glucanases and chitinases in liquid growth media of a set of conifer embryogenic cell lines in order to find correlation with their embryogenic potential. We have found that none of the 12 chitinase isoforms detected in culture media of Pinus nigra Arn. or the nine chitinases detected in media with Abies alba × A. cephalonica and Abies alba × A. numidica embryogenic tissues could be linked to their embryogenic capacity. Similarly, none of the six glucanase isoforms detected in the extracellular fluid of Pinus nigra Arn. cultures can be assigned as a marker of embryogenic potential. Thus, our data indicate the large variability and doubtless importance of glucanases and chitinases for cell growth and development of somatic embryos, however, do not support the premise that they are markers of embryogenesis.
The Scientific and Cultural Background of the Innovation Development in Slovak Republic, Ukraine, Russia and Hungary
Authors: Jurkovičová Lujza , Miroslava Sheverja , Volodimir Kubiniy 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
This article is devoted to the results of the analysis of scientific background in the field of development and research. The purpose of this paper is to assess the employment and financing research and development sphere in Slovakia, Hungary, Ukraine and Russia, which allows to determine the prospects of sectors that include research and development and to explain ways to enhance their effectiveness. The analysis if statistic information allows estimating the level of science support in Ukraine and determining the possible benefits for competitiveness of the national economy.
Abstract Pythagorean Theorem and Corresponding Functional Equations
Authors: Ger Roman 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Motivated by a result of [Lucio R. Berrone: The associativity of the Pythagorean law, Amer. Math. Monthly 116 (2009), 936-939] we deal with the functional equation

and its variants to distinguish the classical Pythagorean theorem from among its numerous abstract generalizations.
Real Functions and the Extension of Generalized Probability Measures
Authors: Havlíčková Jana 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
In the classical probability, as well as in the fuzzy probability theory, random events and probability measures are modelled by functions into the closed unit interval [0,1]. Using elementary methods of category theory, we present a classification of the extensions of generalized probability measures (probability measures and integrals with respect to probability measures) from a suitable class of generalized random events to a larger class having some additional (algebraic and/or topological) properties. The classification puts into a perspective the classical and some recent constructions related to the extension of sequentially continuous functions.
Dependence of ionicity and mechanical properties on valence electron density in binary tetrahedral semiconductors
Authors: Bahadur Amar , Mishra Madhukar 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Interesting relationships have been found between the electron density parameter, average bond length, homopolar energy gap, heteropolar energy gap, ionicity, bulk modulus and microhardness for binary tetrahedral semiconductors. The estimated values of these parameters are in good agreement with the available experimental values and theoretical findings. The electron density parameter data are the only input data to estimate all the above properties.
Biophysical characterization of human breast tissues by photoluminescence excitation-emission spectroscopy
Authors: Dramićanin Tatjana , Lenhardt Lea , Zeković Ivana , Dramićanin Miroslav D. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Fluorescence excitation-emission spectroscopy was used to investigate specimens of normal and malignant human breast tissues. Measurements were performed in two spectral regions: in the excitation range from 335nm to 400nm and emission range from 430nm to 625 nm, and in the excitation range from 400nm to 470nm and emission range from 500nm to 640 nm. It was found that fluorescence spectra are composed mainly of the emissions of extracellular proteins and that the differences in the intensity of their emissions reveal the changes in the tissue structure and morphology. These differences could be best observed in the emission spectra excited with 370 nm, 425nm and 455nm radiation. Statistical analysis revealed several spectral subregions that exhibited extremely significant statistical difference between normal and malignant breast tissues. The origin of these differences was elaborated, and prospects for optical diagnostics of breast cancer was discussed.