bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sesamoidectomy for Hallux Sesamoid Fractures
Authors: Bichara David A. , Henn R. Frank , Theodore George H. 
Published: October 2012

Background: Hallux sesamoid fractures are challenging to treat. Symptomatic nonunion is a common problem after nonoperative treatment. Surgical fixation of the fracture can result in successful union, but is technically challenging and can be associated with prolonged return to activities (RTA). Sesamoidectomy is an alternative surgical option that may provide reliable outcomes and allow an earlier RTA in athletes. The purpose of this case-series study was to evaluate a cohort of athletic patients with a hallucal sesamoid fracture treated with sesamoidectomy. Methods: A total of 24 patients with 24 sesamoid fractures that failed to respond to nonoperative measures were treated surgically with sesamoidectomy. Patients’ age, level of activity, fractured bone, surgical approach, time required to RTA, and postoperative complications were recorded. Pre- and postoperative pain was assessed with a visual analog scale ranging from zero (no pain) to 10 (intense pain). Five patients were classified as elite athletes playing at an intercollegiate level and 19 were classified as active individuals performing an athletic activity at least three times per week. The mean patient age was 32.2 ± 10.4 (range, 17 to 54) years. The 24 patients were reviewed at a mean follow-up of 35 ± 21 (range, 8 to 70) months. Results: A total of 22/24 patients (91.6%) returned to activities at a mean time of 11.6 ± 3.87 (range, 8 to 24) weeks. Mean preoperative pain level was 6.2 ± 1.4 and the pain level improved after treatment to a mean of 0.7 ± 1. One patient developed a symptomatic hallux valgus deformity after the resection of the medial sesamoid. Conclusions: This case series demonstrates good results after sesamoidectomy for sesamoid fractures in athletic individuals with reliable pain relief and RTA within 11.6 weeks. Progressive hallux valgus remains a concern after medial sesamoidectomy, with an incidence of 1 in 24 cases in this study. Level of Evidence: IV, Retrospective Case Series
Complications of Suture Button Ankle Syndesmosis Stabilization with Modifications of Surgical Technique
Authors: Storey Phil , Gadd Richard J. , Blundell Chris , Davies Mark Bowen 
Published: October 2012

Background: The TightRope® is a relatively new device designed to stabilize ankle syndesmotic injuries. There are no studies evaluating the clinical effectiveness of this technique and few reports addressing complications and potential modifications to the surgical technique reported in this article. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of 102 cases of traumatic ankle syndesmotic stabilization using the TightRope device is presented. Patients were followed up for a median of 85 days after surgery. Results: Eight patients subsequently had the TightRope removed. This was performed for four reasons: osteomyelitis surrounding the implant, painful aseptic osteolysis surrounding the implant, failed stabilization of the syndesmosis, and unexplained pain. Conclusions: On the basis of experience, the authors recommend meticulous attention during the surgical technique. To prevent skin irritation and stitch abscess formation leading to osteomyelitis, the FiberWire loop is best cut with a knife at least 1 cm beyond the knot, allowing the sharp end of the FiberWire to lay flat adjacent to the fibula. Painful aseptic osteolytic reaction to the TightRope necessitates removal. To prevent rediastasis, a small medial incision is recommended for endobutton positioning directly abutting the tibial cortex without soft tissue interposition. Inserting the TightRope through a fibula plate prevents lateral button pull-through and rediastasis. Level of Evidence: IV, Retrospective Case Series
Efficacy of Corticosteroid Injection versus Size of Plantar Interdigital Neuroma
Authors: Makki Daoud , Haddad Behrooz Z. , Mahmood Ziko , Shahid Muhammad Saleem , Pathak Sandeep , Garnham Ian 
Published: October 2012

Background: The aim of this prospective study was to assess the effectiveness of a single ultrasound-guided steroid injection in the treatment of Morton's neuromas and whether the response to injection correlates with the size of the neuroma. Methods: Forty-three patients with clinical features of Morton's neuroma underwent ultrasound scan assessment. Once the lesion was confirmed in the relevant web space, a single corticosteroid injection was given using 40 mg of methylprednisolone along with 1% lidocaine. All scans and injections were performed by a single musculoskeletal radiologist. Patients were divided into two groups on the basis of the size of the lesion measured on the scan. Group 1 included patients with neuromas of 5 mm or less and group 2 patients had neuromas larger than 5 mm. A visual analog scale (VAS) for pain (scale 0 to 10), the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score, and the Johnson satisfaction scale were used to assess patients before injection and then at 6 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months following the injection. Thirty-nine patients had confirmed neuromas. Group 1 (lesion ≤ 5 mm) included 17 patients (mean age, 30 years) (7 males, 10 females) and group 2 (lesion > 5 mm) had 22 patients (mean age, 33 years) (8 males, 14 females). Results: VAS scores, AOFAS scores, and Johnson scale improved significantly in both groups at 6 weeks ( p < .0001). At 6 months postinjection, this improvement remained significant only in group 1 with all scores ( p < .001). At 12 months, there was no difference between both groups and outcome scores nearly approached preinjection scores. At the final review, two patients in group 1 and four patients in group 2 had severe recurrent symptoms and therefore underwent surgical excision of the neuroma after they rejected the offer for a repeat injection ( p = 0.6). Conclusion: A single ultrasound-guided corticosteroid injection resulted in generally short-term pain relief for symptomatic Morton's neuromas. The effectiveness of the injection appears to be more significant and long-lasting for lesions smaller than 5 mm. Level of Evidence: II, Prospective Comparative Study
Clinical Evaluation of Intrabony Defects in Localized Aggressive Periodontitis Patients with and without Bioglass- An In-vivo Study
Authors: Satyanarayana KV , Anuradha BR , Srikanth G , Chandra P Mohan , Anupama T , Durga M Prasad 
Published: October 2012

Background Aggressive periodontitis is a specific type of periodontitis with clearly identifiable clinical characteristics such as “rapid attachment loss, bone destruction” and “familial aggregation”. Regeneration of mineralized tissues affected by aggressive periodontitis comprises a major scientific and clinical challenge. In recent years some evidence has been provided that bioactive glass is also capable of supporting the regenerative healing of periodontal lesions. Objective The aim of this clinical and radiological prospective study was to evaluate the efficacy of bioactive glass in the treatment of intra-bony defects in patients with localized aggressive periodontitis. Methods Twelve localized aggressive periodontitis patients with bilaterally located three-walled intra-bony defect depth ? 2 mm, preoperative probing depths ? 5 mm were randomly treated either with the bioactive glass or without the bioactive glass. The clinical parameters plaque index, gingival index, probing depth, gingival recession, clinical attachment level, and mobility were recorded prior to surgery as well as 12 months after surgery. Intraoral radiographs were digitized to evaluate the bone defect depth at baseline and 12 months after the surgery. Results After 12 months, a reduction in probing depth of 3.92 + 0.313 mm (P <0.001) and a gain in clinical attachment level of 4.42+0358mm (P <0.001) were registered in the test group. In the control group, a reduction in probing depth of 2.5 +0.230mm (P <0.001) and a gain in clinical attachment level of 2.58 + 0.149 mm (P<0.001) was recorded. Radiographically, the defects were found to be filled by 2.587 + 0.218 mm (P <0.001) in the test group and by 0.1792 + 0.031mm (P <0.001) in the control group. Changes in gingival recession showed no significant differences. . Conclusion Highly significant improvements in the parameters Probing depth, Clinical attachment level, and Bone defect depth were recorded after 12 months, with regenerative material. KATHMANDU UNIVERSITY MEDICAL JOURNAL VOL.10 | NO. 1 | ISSUE 37 | JAN - MAR 2012 | 11-15 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v10i1.6906
Preventing Dental Caries in Children : Indian Scenario
Authors: Gupta A , Marya CM , Dahiya V , Bhatia HP , Dhingra S 
Published: October 2012

The prevalence of dental caries in developing countries like India is increasing to an alarming level in contrast to developed countries where it has decreased because of variety of preventive measures at the community and individual level. There is no State or Centre funded programs for prevention of dental diseases in India. The present review enlists the targeted prevention of dental caries in permanent teeth of 6 to 16 years old children presenting for dental care. KATHMANDU UNIVERSITY MEDICAL JOURNAL VOL.10 | NO. 1 | ISSUE 37 | JAN - MAR 2012 | 77-82 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v10i1.6920
Severe Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura Treated with Plasma Exchange
Authors: Sigdel MR , Shah DS , Kafle MP , Raut KB 
Published: October 2012

Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is a hematological disorder characterized by immunologically mediated destruction of platelets and absence of other causes of thrombocytopenia. Treatment is required when the low platelet count entails risk of serious bleeding. Steroid is the first line of management. Acute refractory ITP with very low platelet count is variably treated with high dose steroid, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg), anti D or emergency splenectomy. Here, we present a case of steroid resistant ITP with severe thrombocytopenia treated with plasma exchange and low dose IVIg who responded dramatically to the therapy with maintained platelet count till one month from the institution of therapy. KATHMANDU UNIVERSITY MEDICAL JOURNAL VOL.10 | NO. 1 | ISSUE 37 | JAN - MAR 2012 | 85-87 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v10i1.6922
Association of Seizure, Facial Dysmorphism, Congenital Umbilical Hernia and Undescended Testes
Authors: Thapa LI , Pokharel BR , Paudel R , Rana PVS 
Published: October 2012

With the advances in neurogenetics association of epilepsy and intellectual disability with chromosomal abnormalities are being increasingly recognized. While onset of seizures with mental retardation at an early age indicate chromosomal abnormality, combination of characteristics facial dysmorphism and congenital abnormalities gives a clue of a particular syndrome. In addition MRI findings may help in confirming the diagnosis. A nine years old boy is presented where early onset seizure, mental retardation, delayed development of speech, presence of facial dysmorphism,, umbilical hernia and undescended testes suggested possibility of chromosomal 6q deletion disorder. Important deletion disorders are discussed and importance of clinical examination is stressed. KATHMANDU UNIVERSITY MEDICAL JOURNAL VOL.10 | NO. 1 | ISSUE 37 | JAN - MAR 2012 | 91-93 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v10i1.6924
Winding Trails: My Life in History
Authors: Prentice Alison 
Published: October 2012

Abstract: ‘Winding Trails’ explores how childhood influences, educational experiences, and pragmatic choices led its author into an interest in History, then teaching, and finally a decision to pursue a doctorate in History, focusing on the history of public schooling in Ontario. The 1970s introduced feminism into the mix. Pursuing her growing interest in the history of women and education, the author benefited from feminist support both in Canada and abroad, eventually moving into collaborative research and writing with both students and colleagues. She was co-author of the first major textbook in the history of women in Canada. She collaborated in the founding of institutions and small groups devoted to women's history and women's studies along the way. Moving from an interest in the history of schooling to an interest in women's work in schools, and finally women's work in universities, brought her full circle to autobiographical work, including the present essay.
Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Analyse von Holzmärkten
Authors: Olschewski Roland , Thees Oliver 
Published: October 2012

Chances and limits of the analysis of wood markets
Recent approaches of behavioural economics and agent-based modeling can enhance knowledge about market processes and results and widen the focus for the assessment of future market developments by emphasising the individual behaviour of market participants and scenario techniques. In this article we resume possible contributions of the particular approaches to better describe, explain and forecast real market developments. The exposition is based on state-of-the-art knowledge and reflects insights gained during the 8th Forest Economic Seminar in autumn 2011, where researchers and practitioners presented their findings.
Grundlagen der empirischen Marktanalyse, dargestellt am Beispiel eines Rohholzmarktes
Authors: Bergen Volker 
Published: October 2012

Fundamental principles of empirical market analysis, illustrated by a raw wood market as an example
A market is a social institution with the aim to coordinate the selling plans of suppliers and the buying plans of demanders. If successful, the market reaches an equilibrium and the market price and quantity can be determined. The task of empirical market analysis is to explain and predict prices and quantities of goods and claims. This article wants to elucidate the procedure of an empirical market analysis, and to show that it can fulfil the given task by applying microeconomic theory. The German raw wood market is presented as an example, where trunk and industrial wood are traded at a standard price. The analysis shows that this raw wood market can be characterized as a normal market with rising supply curve and declining demand curve, while both sides are relatively inelastic concerning price changes. Market results are determined by three variables on the supply side and four on the demand side. They permit to make reasonable ex-post and ex-ante predictions.
Agentenbasierte Modellierung von Märkten
Authors: Troitzsch Klaus G. 
Published: October 2012

Agent-based modeling of markets
The paper gives an overview of agent-based models of markets as they have been published during the past years. Starting from concept-based models which describe the behaviour of market participants in an abstract manner, recent approaches model real markets in order to find out possible future developments and to evaluate strategies to influence real markets. After a short description of two recent applications of agent-based modeling, a housing market in a city in Brazil and the German market for pharmaceutical products, the paper discusses how this technique could be applied to wood markets.
Experimente und forstökonomische Fragen
Authors: Fischbacher Urs 
Published: October 2012

Experiments and forest economic questions
During the last decades experiments have gained great importance in economics. These experiments deal with questions that are of significance for forest economic research, too. Timber production, for example, is characterised by long-term decisions and, in addition, forestry produces important public goods. In this article the experimental method is introduced. Furthermore, experimental findings are presented, e.g., concerning time preferences and externalities, and possible applications for the study of forest product markets and institutions are outlined.
Vorgehen zur agentenbasierten Modellierung eines schweizerischen Waldenergieholzmarktes
Authors: Kostadinov Fabian , Steubing Bernhard , Holm Stefan 
Published: October 2012

Procedure to develop an agent-based model of a Swiss forest wood fuel market
It is helpful to develop agent-based model based on a structured procedure. The chosen traditional software engineering approach is mainly composed of five phases: 1) the analysis of the observed system; 2) the model development; 3) the detailed design; 4) the actual software implementation; and 5) the model's evaluation. The different phases are briefly described by the respective goals, tasks and expected results. This contribution shows the development of a Swiss forest wood fuel market with specific examples for each phase. The essential work steps and intermediate results are demonstrated from the start to a fully developed agent-based model. Finally it is demonstrated how to carry through scenario analyses for the modeled forest wood fuel market. The simulation example shows first that, as is to be expected, a reduction of the wood supply leads to increasing forest wood fuel prices. Second, it shows how the decision behavior of wood suppliers can additionally modify the price of forest wood fuel in a situation of scarce supply, whereas this effect is smaller in a situation of balanced supply and demand.
Flowers and inflorescences of the seagrass Posidonia (Posidoniaceae, Alismatales)
Authors: Remizowa Margarita V. , Sokoloff Dmitry D. , Calvo Sebastiano , Tomasello Agostino , Rudall Paula J. 
Published: October 2012

• Premise of the study: The predominantly aquatic order Alismatales displays a highly variable flower groundplan associated with a diverse range of developmental patterns. We present the first detailed description of flower anatomy and development in Posidonia, the sole genus of the seagrass family Posidoniaceae. Existing accounts provide conflicting interpretations of floral and inflorescence structure, so this investigation is important in clarifying morphological evolution within this early‐divergent monocot order.• Methods: We investigated two species of Posidonia using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Our observations are interpreted in the framework of a recent molecular phylogeny.• Key results: Partial inflorescences are bracteate spikes, which are arranged into a botryoid or a panicle. The flowers are perianthless. The gynoecium is monomerous with the ventral carpel side oriented abaxially. The carpel contains a single pendent bitegmic ovule with a nucellus and long chalaza, both extending along the carpel wall. The ovule develops an integumentary outgrowth. Each flower is supplied by a vascular bundle, whereas the flower‐subtending bracts are nonvascularized.• Conclusions: Our data support a racemose interpretation for the partial inflorescence of Posidonia and the presence of flower‐subtending bracts. In common with some other Alismatales, Posidonia has simultaneous development of the flower and its subtending bract and loss of the bract vascular supply accompanied by innervation of the flower by a single vascular strand. The unusual carpel orientation could be an evolutionary reduction of a formerly tricarpellate gynoecium. The ovule of Posidonia is campylotropous and unusual within Alismatales in possessing an integumentary outgrowth.
VERTICAL SCALES AND SHEAR STRESSES IN WAVE BOUNDARY LAYERS OVER MOVABLE BEDS
Authors: Nielsen Peter , Guard Paul A. 
Published: October 2012

Unified scaling rules are provided for smooth and rough wave boundary layers. It is shown that the rough equivalent of the smooth, or viscous, vertical scale , the Stokes' length, is a function of r, the Nikuradse roughness and A, the near-bed semi excursion of the wave motion. Realizing this equivalence of viscous and rough scales a unified description in the style of Colebrook's (1939) formulae for steady flow friction can be devised based on the unified vertical scale. That is, unified smooth and rough wave friction factor formulae can be used with adequate accuracy. A general procedure is given for deriving the unified vertical scale from velocity data including data from mobile bed experiments, which enable determination of the equivalent Nikuradse roughness from these experiments. Presently available sheet flow data show a velocity structure, which corresponds to a Nikuradse roughness r of the order 50 to 100 grain diameters. Instantaneous shear stresses derived through the usual momentum integral from sheet flow experiments show that the shear stress ï€ ï€ varies strongly through the sheet flow layer with the value at the lowest level of sediment motion being 2 to 3 times the value at the undisturbed bed level. The corresponding Nikuradse roughnesses are about 2.5d50 corresponding to the undisturbed bed level and 100d50 for the stress at the lowest level of sediment motion. With this strong variation of the shear stress through the layer of moving sediment, it is not at all obvious what should be understood by THE BED SHEAR STRESS in the context of wave sediment transport.
STABILITY OF CUBIPOD ARMOURED ROUNDHEADS IN SHORT-CRESTED WAVES. A COMPARISON BETWEEN CUBIPOD AND CUBE ARMOUR STABILITY
Authors: Burcharth Hans Falk , Lykke Andersen Thomas , Medina Josep R. 
Published: October 2012

The paper presents a comparison of the stability of concrete cube armour and Cubipod armour in a breakwater roundhead with slope 1:1.5, exposed to both 2-D (long-crested) and 3-D (short-crested) waves. The model tests were performed at the Hydraulics and Coastal Engineering Laboratory at Aalborg University, Denmark. The model tests
showed that Cubipod armour is more stable than cube armour when exposed to longer waves (steepness approx. 0.025) and has equal stability to cubes in shorter waves. The Cubipod armour layer contained due to its high porosity approximately 6-17% less concrete than the cube armour layer. Therefore, it was concluded that per used volume of
concrete the Cubipods perform better than the cubes.
Fine mapping of a monoclonal antibody to the N‐Methyl D‐aspartate receptor reveals a short linear epitope
Authors: Amrutkar Surekha Dipak , Trier Nicole Hartwig , Hansen Paul Robert , Houen Gunnar 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAnti‐N‐Methyl D‐aspartate receptor encephalitis is an autoimmune disease in which autoantibodies are produced against extracellular regions of the N‐Methyl D‐aspartate receptor (NMDAR). In this study, we used resin‐bound peptides equipped with a base labile linker to map the epitope of a monoclonal NMDAR antibody against the NMDAR NR1 subunit. The antigenicity of the synthesized resin‐bound peptides was determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Distinct reactivity was found to two extracellular overlapping peptides (amino acids, 658–687). Using N‐ and C‐terminally truncated resin‐bound peptides, the minimum functional epitope was identified as the NPSDK sequence. The peptide sequence RNPSDK (amino acids, 673–678) was identified as the complete epitope, which was found to be located in the extracellular S2 domain of the NR1 subunit. Especially, the N‐terminal arginine residue was found to be essential for reactivity, whereas the remaining amino acids could be replaced with amino acids of similar side‐chain functionality, indicating the importance of backbone interaction in antibody reactivity. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 98: 567–575, 2012.