bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetics and biology of Anastrepha fraterculus: research supporting the use of the sterile insect technique (SIT) to control this pest in Argentina
Authors: Cladera Jorge L , Vilardi Juan C , Juri Marianela , Paulin Laura E , Giardini M Cecilia , Gómez Cendra Paula V , Segura Diego F , Lanzavecchia Silvia B 
Published: December 2014

AbstractTwo species of true fruit flies (taxonomic family Tephritidae) are considered pests of fruit and vegetable production in Argentina: the cosmopolitan Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann) and the new world South American fruit fly (Anastrepha fraterculus Wiedemann). The distribution of these two species in Argentina overlaps north of the capital, Buenos Aires. Regarding the control of these two pests, the varied geographical fruit producing regions in Argentina are in different fly control situations. One part is under a programme using the sterile insect technique (SIT) for the eradication of C. capitata, because A. fraterculus is not present in this area. The application of the SIT to control C. capitata north of the present line with the possibility of A. fraterculus occupying the niche left vacant by C. capitata becomes a cause of much concern. Only initial steps have been taken to investigate the genetics and biology of A. fraterculus. Consequently, only fragmentary information has been recorded in the literature regarding the use of SIT to control this species. For these reasons, the research to develop a SIT protocol to control A. fraterculus is greatly needed. In recent years, research groups have been building a network in Argentina in order to address particular aspects of the development of the SIT for Anastrepha fraterculus. The problems being addressed by these groups include improvement of artificial diets, facilitation of insect mass rearing, radiation doses and conditions for insect sterilisation, basic knowledge supporting the development of males-only strains, reduction of male maturation time to facilitate releases, identification and isolation of chemical communication signals, and a good deal of population genetic studies. This paper is the product of a concerted effort to gather all this knowledge scattered in numerous and often hard-to-access reports and papers and summarize their basic conclusions in a single publication.
Development of a genetic sexing strain in Bactrocera carambolae (Diptera: Tephritidae) by introgression of sex sorting components from B. dorsalis, Salaya1 strain
Authors: Isasawin Siriwan , Aketarawong Nidchaya , Lertsiri Sittiwat , Thanaphum Sujinda 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Background
The carambola fruit fly, Bactrocera carambolae Drew & Hancock is a high profile key pest that is widely distributed in the southwestern ASEAN region. In addition, it has trans-continentally invaded Suriname, where it has been expanding east and southward since 1975. This fruit fly belongs to Bactrocera dorsalis species complex. The development and application of a genetic sexing strain (Salaya1) of B. dorsalis sensu stricto (s.s.) (Hendel) for the sterile insect technique (SIT) has improved the fruit fly control. However, matings between B. dorsalis s.s. and B. carambolae are incompatible, which hinder the application of the Salaya1 strain to control the carambola fruit fly. To solve this problem, we introduced genetic sexing components from the Salaya1 strain into the B. carambolae genome by interspecific hybridization.

Results
Morphological characteristics, mating competitiveness, male pheromone profiles, and genetic relationships revealed consistencies that helped to distinguish Salaya1 and B. carambolae strains. A Y-autosome translocation linking the dominant wild-type allele of white pupae gene and a free autosome carrying a recessive white pupae homologue from the Salaya1 strain were introgressed into the gene pool of B. carambolae. A panel of Y-pseudo-linked microsatellite loci of the Salaya1 strain served as markers for the introgression experiments. This resulted in a newly derived genetic sexing strain called Salaya5, with morphological characteristics corresponding to B. carambolae. The rectal gland pheromone profile of Salaya5 males also contained a distinctive component of B. carambolae. Microsatellite DNA analyses confirmed the close genetic relationships between the Salaya5 strain and wild B. carambolae populations. Further experiments showed that the sterile males of Salaya5 can compete with wild males for mating with wild females in field cage conditions.

Conclusions
Introgression of sex sorting components from the Salaya1 strain to a closely related B. carambolae strain generated a new genetic sexing strain, Salaya5. Morphology-based taxonomic characteristics, distinctive pheromone components, microsatellite DNA markers, genetic relationships, and mating competitiveness provided parental baseline data and validation tools for the new strain. The Salaya5 strain shows a close similarity with those features in the wild B. carambolae strain. In addition, mating competitiveness tests suggested that Salaya5 has a potential to be used in B. carambolae SIT programs based on male-only releases.
Australian endemic pest tephritids: genetic, molecular and microbial tools for improved Sterile Insect Technique
Authors: Raphael Kathryn A , Shearman Deborah CA , Gilchrist A Stuart , Sved John A , Morrow Jennifer L , Sherwin William B , Riegler Markus , Frommer Marianne 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAmong Australian endemic tephritid fruit flies, the sibling speciesBactrocera tryoniandBactrocera neohumeralishave been serious horticultural pests since the introduction of horticulture in the nineteenth century. More recently,Bactrocera jarvisihas also been declared a pest in northern Australia. After several decades of genetic research there is now a range of classical and molecular genetic tools that can be used to develop improved Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) strains for control of these pests. Four-way crossing strategies have the potential to overcome the problem of inbreeding in mass-reared strains ofB. tryoni. The ability to produce hybrids betweenB. tryoniand the other two species in the laboratory has proved useful for the development of genetically marked strains. The identification of Y-chromosome markers inB. jarvisimeans that male and female embryos can be distinguished in any strain that carries aB. jarvisiY chromosome. This has enabled the study of homologues of the sex-determination genes during development ofB jarvisiandB. tryoni, which is necessary for the generation of genetic-sexing strains. Germ-line transformation has been established and a draft genome sequence forB. tryonireleased. Transcriptomes from various species, tissues and developmental stages, to aid in identification of manipulation targets for improving SIT, have been assembled and are in the pipeline. Broad analyses of the microbiome have revealed a metagenome that is highly variable within and across species and defined by the environment. More specific analyses detectedWolbachiaat low prevalence in the tropics but absent in temperate regions, suggesting a possible role for this endosymbiont in future control strategies.
Chiropractor interaction and treatment equivalence in a pilot randomized controlled trial: an observational analysis of clinical encounter video-recordings
Authors: Salsbury Stacie A , DeVocht James W , Hondras Maria A , Seidman Michael B , Stanford Clark M , Goertz Christine M 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundChiropractic care is a complex health intervention composed of both treatment effects and non-specific, or placebo, effects. While doctor-patient interactions are a component of the non-specific effects of chiropractic, these effects are not evaluated in most clinical trials. This study aimed to: 1) develop an instrument to assess practitioner-patient interactions; 2) determine the equivalence of a chiropractor’s verbal interactions and treatment delivery for participants allocated to active or sham chiropractic groups; and 3) describe the perceptions of a treatment-masked evaluator and study participants regarding treatment group assignment.MethodsWe conducted an observational analysis of digital video-recordings derived from study visits conducted during a pilot randomized trial of conservative therapies for temporomandibular pain. A theory-based, iterative process developed the 13-itemChiropractor Interaction and Treatment Equivalence Instrument. A trained evaluator masked to treatment assignment coded video-recordings of clinical encounters between one chiropractor and multiple visits of 26 participants allocated to active or sham chiropractic treatment groups. Non-parametric statistics were calculated.ResultsThe trial ran from January 2010 to October 2011. We analyzed 111 complete video-recordings (54 active, 57 sham). Chiropractor interactions differed between the treatment groups in 7 categories. Active participants received more interactions with clinical information (8 vs. 4) or explanations (3.5 vs. 1) than sham participants within the therapeutic domain. Active participants received more directions (63 vs. 58) and adjusting instrument thrusts (41.5 vs. 23) in the procedural domain and more optimistic (2.5 vs. 0) or neutral (7.5 vs. 5) outcome statements in the treatment effectiveness domain. Active participants recorded longer visit durations (13.5 vs. 10 minutes). The evaluator correctly identified 61% of active care video-recordings as active treatments but categorized only 31% of the sham treatments correctly. Following the first treatment, 82% of active and 11% of sham participants correctly identified their treatment group. At 2-months, 93% of active and 42% of sham participants correctly identified their group assignment.ConclusionsOur findings show the feasibility of evaluating doctor-patient interactions in chiropractic clinical trials using video-recordings and standardized instrumentation. Clinical trial design and clinician training protocols should improve and assess the equivalence of doctor-patient interactions between treatment groups.Trial registrationThis trial was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT01021306 on 24 November 2009.
Is lactate the new panacea for endothelial dysfunction?
Authors: Nalos Marek , Tang Benjamin M , Nanan Ralph 
Published: December 2014

AbstractFluid resuscitation in the critically ill is a hot topic. The current strategy of rapid and adequate resuscitation in shock followed by conservative fluid administration is often difficult to achieve with standard crystalloid solutions. Research into alternative intravenous fluids tailored to individual patient needs is required. In the previous issue of Critical Care, Somasetia and colleagues compare the effects of hypertonic sodium lactate with the World Health Organization-recommended strategy of Ringer’s lactate resuscitation in children with severe Dengue, a viral infection for which causal treatment and vaccination are not available. The results not only suggest unimpaired lactate metabolism during shock in children but document improvement in endothelial barrier function, limited coagulopathy, and avoidance of fluid overload with hypertonic sodium lactate. Their study invites several important questions to be answered. Is hypertonicity or lactate per se important for the beneficial effects? Are the metabolic or anti-inflammatory effects responsible? Is the raised lactate in shock an adaptive response? Should reduction in lactate levels be the goal of resuscitation? These questions may trigger further research into the role of lactate and lactate-based intravenous fluids in resuscitation of the critically ill.
The translational significance of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition in head and neck cancer
Authors: Graves Christian A , Abboodi Fadi F , Tomar Swati , Wells James , Pirisi Lucia 
Published: December 2014

AbstractPositive markers of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) in head and neck cancers complicate clinical management and are associated with reduced survival. We discuss recent translational discoveries in EMT and suggest additional actionable molecular pathways, biomarkers, and clinical agents.
Influence of equal-channel angular extrusion on impact toughness of aluminum and brass at room and low temperatures
Authors: Wang Jyhwen , Zhu Huanlin , Sudhakar K Vadiraja , Price Angie Hill 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

Background
Equal-channel angular extrusion is a severe plastic deformation process that can be used for grain refinement to improve material properties of bulk metals. In this paper, the effect of equal-channel angular extrusion on the impact toughness of aluminum 1100 and brass C26000 was investigated.

Methods
Brass and aluminum materials were extruded in two and four passes using two equal-channel angular extrusion processing routes. Specimens were tested for hardness and Charpy impact toughness. Microstructure and fractography were examined.

Results
The results showed the hardness remained almost constant after two passes for both brass and aluminum. Impact energy of brass after two passes decreased due to increase in dislocation density whereas for aluminum it remained almost constant after four passes due to the formation of ultrafine grains in addition to deformation/dislocation structures. Impact energies of specimens tested at room temperature and low temperature (−70°C) were almost the same due to their face-centered crystal structure. It was also found that the impact toughness of a specimen with a non-distorted notch surface is higher than that of a specimen with a distorted notch surface.

Conclusions
It is evident from the present study that the number of passes determines the extent of ultrafine grain structure that is known to increase impact toughness of equal-channel angular extrusion processed materials. All of these observed characteristics can influence material and process selections in practical design applications.
Non-pharmacological interventions for agitation in dementia: systematic review of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Livingston Gill , Kelly Lynsey , Lewis-Holmes Elanor , Baio Gianluca , Morris Stephen , Patel Nishma , Omar Rumana Z. , Katona Cornelius , Cooper Claudia 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundAgitation in dementia is common, persistent and distressing and can lead to care breakdown. Medication is often ineffective and harmful.AimsTo systematically review randomised controlled trial evidence regarding non-pharmacological interventions.MethodWe reviewed 33 studies fitting predetermined criteria, assessed their validity and calculated standardised effect sizes (SES).ResultsPerson-centred care, communication skills training and adapted dementia care mapping decreased symptomatic and severe agitation in care homes immediately (SES range 0.3–1.8) and for up to 6 months afterwards (SES range 0.2–2.2). Activities and music therapy by protocol (SES range 0.5–0.6) decreased overall agitation and sensory intervention decreased clinically significant agitation immediately. Aromatherapy and light therapy did not demonstrate efficacy.ConclusionsThere are evidence-based strategies for care homes. Future interventions should focus on consistent and long-term implementation through staff training. Further research is needed for people living in their own homes.
Sustainable psychiatry in the UK
Authors: Yarlagadda Sucharita , Maughan Daniel , Lingwood Susie , Davison Phil 
Published: December 2014

SummaryDemands on our mental health services are growing as financial pressures increase. In addition, there are regular changes to service design and commissioning. The current political mantra is ‘more and more, of better quality, for less and less, please’. We suggest that mental health services need to actively respond to these constraints and that clinical transformation is needed to move towards a more sustainable system of healthcare. Emphasis on prevention, patient empowerment and leaner, greener services is required alongside more extensive use of technologies. Focusing on these areas will make mental health services more responsive to the challenges we face and serve to future-proof psychiatry in the UK. Services need to be delivered to provide maximum benefit to the health of our patients, but also to our society and the environment.
Porous Cels
Authors: Rosskam Jules 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
I use my most recent film, Thick Relations, to argue that traditional narrative structures are by definition oppressive and controlling. Traditional narratives demand a straight progress through time, through life, through love, through sexuality and conflict and family—a straight progress that would have us believe in and desirous of state-sanctioned institutions and relations. Queer lives don't make sense. We are not supposed to be alive, to love the people we love, to live in our bodies so creatively. And it is precisely this confusion—this nonsense—that I seek to preserve for the ways that it exposes and rejects normativity. I believe we need to hold onto, acknowledge, and celebrate this otherness, not because we thrive on being contrarian, but because the regimes of normality are the forces that seek to obliterate us. We must resist in order to survive.
The orthopaedic research scene and strategies to improve it
Authors: Rankin K. S. , Sprowson A. P. , McNamara I. , Akiyama T. , Buchbinder R. , Costa M. L. , Rasmussen S. , Nathan S. S. , Kumta S. , Rangan A. 
Published: December 2014

Trauma and orthopaedics is the largest of the surgical specialties and yet attracts a disproportionately small fraction of available national and international funding for health research. With the burden of musculoskeletal disease increasing, high-quality research is required to improve the evidence base for orthopaedic practice. Using the current research landscape in the United Kingdom as an example, but also addressing the international perspective, we highlight the issues surrounding poor levels of research funding in trauma and orthopaedics and indicate avenues for improving the impact and success of surgical musculoskeletal research. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014; 96-B:1578–85.
Clinical outcome of pedestal cup endoprosthetic reconstruction after resection of a peri-acetabular tumour
Authors: Bus M. P. A. , Boerhout E. J. , Bramer J. A. M. , Dijkstra P. D. S. 
Published: December 2014

Peri-acetabular tumour resections and their subsequent reconstruction are among the most challenging procedures in orthopaedic oncology. Despite the fact that a number of different pelvic endoprostheses have been introduced, rates of complication remain high and long-term results are mostly lacking.In this retrospective study, we aimed to evaluate the outcome of reconstructing a peri-acetabular defect with a pedestal cup endoprosthesis after a type 2 or type 2/3 internal hemipelvectomy.A total of 19 patients (11M:8F) with a mean age of 48 years (14 to 72) were included, most of whom had been treated for a primary bone tumour (n = 16) between 2003 and 2009. After a mean follow-up of 39 months (28 days to 8.7 years) seven patients had died. After a mean follow-up of 7.9 years (4.3 to 10.5), 12 patients were alive, of whom 11 were disease-free. Complications occurred in 15 patients. Three had recurrent dislocations and three experienced aseptic loosening. There were no mechanical failures. Infection occurred in nine patients, six of whom required removal of the prosthesis. Two patients underwent hindquarter amputation for local recurrence.The implant survival rate at five years was 50% for all reasons, and 61% for non-oncological reasons. The mean Musculoskeletal Tumor Society score at final follow-up was 49% (13 to 87).Based on these poor results, we advise caution if using the pedestal cup for reconstruction of a peri-acetabular tumour resection.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:1706–12.
The Histone H3 Lysine 9 Methyltransferase DIM-5 Modifies Chromatin at frequency and Represses Light-Activated Gene Expression
Authors: Ruesch Catherine E , Ramakrishnan Mukund , Park Jinhee , Li Na , Chong Hin S , Zaman Riasat , Joska Tammy M , Belden William J 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The transcriptional program controlling the circadian rhythm requires coordinated regulation of chromatin. Characterization of the chromodomain helicase DNA-binding enzyme CHD1 revealed DNA methylation in the promoter of the central clock gene frequency (frq) in Neurospora crassa. In this report, we show that the DNA methylation at frq is not only dependent on the DNA methyltransferase DIM-2 but also on the H3K9 methyltransferase DIM-5 and HP1. Histone H3 lysine 9 trimethylation (H3K9me3) occurs at frq and is most prominent 30 min after light-activated expression. Strains lacking dim-5 have an increase in light-induced transcription, and more White Collar-2 is found associated with the frq promoter. Consistent with the notion that DNA methylation assists in establishing the proper circadian phase, loss of H3K9 methylation results in a phase advance suggesting it delays the onset of frq expression. The dim-5 deletion strain displays an increase in circadian-regulated conidia formation on race tubes and there is a synthetic genetic interaction between dim-5 and ras-1bd. These results indicate DIM-5 has a regulatory role in muting circadian output. Overall, the data support a model where facultative heterochromatic at frq serves to establish the appropriate phase, mute the light response, and repress circadian output.
Male Sexual Dysfunction and Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Systematic Review and Metaanalysis
Authors: Fan Dazhi , Liu Li , Ding Ning , Liu Si , Hu Yanting , Cai Guoqi , Xia Guo , Xin Lihong , Wang Li , Xu Shengqian , Xu Jianhua , Zou Yanfeng , Pan Faming 
Published: December 2014

Objective.No consensus has been reached on sexual dysfunction in men with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Our study aimed to derive a more precise estimation of the sexual function and its clinical correlations in men with AS.Methods.A metaanalysis was performed and the related literature were searched in PubMed, Elsevier Science Direct, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, and in reference lists of articles and systematic reviews. Score of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) was used as the outcome measurement, and standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% CI were calculated.Results.Eleven studies were included, including 535 men with AS and 430 male controls. Each domain of the IIEF score (erectile function: SMD −0.52, 95% CI −0.68 – −0.37; orgasmic function: −0.72, −1.03 – −0.42; sexual drive: −0.40, −0.62 – −0.18; intercourse satisfaction: −0.86, −1.15 – −0.56; and overall satisfaction: −0.61, −0.91 – −0.32) were lower in men with AS than in controls. In the subgroup analysis, the results did not change except for the sexual drive in the Asians group (−0.15, −0.42–0.13). At metaregression, no study characteristics were significantly associated with effect size of the IIEF score.Conclusion.Sexual function is impaired in male patients with AS and further studies are necessary to better understand risk factors for sexual dysfunction in this population.
Philosophical and Literary Integration in Ayn Rand's Atlas Shrugged
Authors: W. Younkins Edward 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
This expository essay relies on the views of scholars writing about Atlas Shrugged to make a case that it is a highly integrated work of imaginative literature. The article focuses on the ways in which integration is manifested in Atlas Shrugged. Part 1 examines the philosophical structure of the novel. Part 2 addresses literary structure. This is followed by a discussion of Rand's techniques of characterization. An analysis of the speeches and the theme of mind-body integration concludes the discussion.