bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Co‐registered pulse‐echo/photoacoustic transvaginal probe for real time imaging of ovarian tissue
Authors: Kumavor Patrick D. , Alqasemi Umar , Tavakoli Behnoosh , Li Hai , Yang Yi , Sun Xiaoguang , Warych Edward , Zhu Quing 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWe present the design and construction of a prototype imaging probe capable of co‐registered pulse‐echo ultrasound and photoacoustic (optoacoustic) imaging in real time. The probe consists of 36 fibers of 200 micron core diameter each that are distributed around a commercial transvaginal ultrasound transducer, and housed in a protective shield. Its performance was demonstrated by two sets of experiments. The first set involved imaging of blood flowing through a tube mimicking a blood vessel, the second set involved imaging of human ovaries ex vivo. The results suggest that the system along with the probe has great potential for imaging and characterizing of ovarian tissue in vivo. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Sensitivity enhanced nanothermal sensors for photoacoustic temperature mapping
Authors: Chen Yun‐Sheng , Frey Wolfgang , Walker Charles , Aglyamov Salavat , Emelianov Stanislav 
Published: March 2013

AbstractPhotoacoustic imaging can be used to guide and validate the therapeutic outcome of nanoparticle‐mediated photothermal therapy through its ability to visualize the delivery of nanoparticle contrast agents, image the temperature distribution inside living tissue, and confirm tissue coagulation. In this image‐guided process, temperature mapping plays a critical role for thermal dosage control. Therefore, developing a sensitive and accurate photoacoustic technique to quantitatively measure the temperature distribution during thermal therapy is essential. In this study, we investigated and demonstrated that silica‐coated gold nanorods, can provide a multi‐fold improvement in sensitivity of the photoacoustic temperature mapping compared to gold nanorods without silica coating, and serve as a nanothermal sensor to accurately and quantitatively visualize temperature distributions during photothermal therapy. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Morphological variation in the appendicular skeleton of atlantic forest sigmodontine rodents
Authors: Coutinho Ludmilla Carvalho , de Oliveira, João Alves , Pessôa Leila Maria 
Published: March 2013

AbstractRodents of the subfamily Sigmodontinae comprise a highly diversified group in the Atlantic Forest, with semifossorial, terrestrial, semiaquatic, scansorial, and arboreal forms. In this study, we analyzed morphometric variation in humerus, scapula, ulna, radius, femur, tibia, and pelvis to investigate its possible relationship with the different types of locomotion recorded in the literature. Skeletal characters were measured in 321 specimens belonging to 29 species and 19 genera either restricted to or recorded in this ecoregion. Multivariate morphometric analyses (principal component and canonical variate analyses) arranged individuals of different genera in groups congruent with the different types of locomotion. This arrangement was more clearly defined when analyses included only forelimb measurements, indicating that most of the variation in appendicular traits associated with the different locomotor modes occurs in the forelimb skeleton. Semifossorial forms exhibited the most distinct appendicular morphology, as well as the greatest frequency of endemism among analyzed species. These results suggest that this mode of locomotion led to greater differentiation in semifossorial Atlantic forest sigmodontines than in terrestrial and arboreal forms, which were found to have more subtle differentiation and fewer endemics. Scansorial species could not be set apart from terrestrial ones in terms of appendicular morphology, suggesting that these two modes of locomotion are the most similar and generalized for the group, as they occur in most lineages in the subfamily. The results of this study corroborate previous observations on the relevance of appendicular characters in the differentiation of species and genera in the subfamily Sigmodontinae. J. Morphol. 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reliability and validity of a MR‐based volumetric analysis of the intrinsic foot muscles
Authors: Cheuy Victor A. , Commean Paul K. , Hastings Mary K. , Mueller Michael J. 
Published: March 2013

PurposeTo describe a semi‐automated program that will segment subcutaneous fat, muscle, and adipose tissue in the foot using MR imaging, determine the reliability of the program between and within raters, and determine the validity of the program using MR phantoms.Materials and MethodsMR images were acquired from 19 subjects with and without diabetes and peripheral neuropathy. Two raters segmented and measured volumes from single MR slices at the forefoot, midfoot, and hindfoot at two different times. Intra‐ and inter‐rater correlation coefficients were determined. Muscle and fat MR phantoms of known volumes were measured by the program.ResultsMost ICC reliability values were over 0.950. Validity estimates comparing MR estimates and known volumes resulted in r2 values above 0.970 for all phantoms. The root mean square error was less than 5% for all phantoms.ConclusionSubcutaneous fat, lean muscle, and adipose tissue volumes in the foot can be quantified in a reliable and valid way. This program can be applied in future studies investigating the relationship of these foot structures to functions in important pathologies, including the neuropathic foot or other musculoskeletal problems. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;38:1083–1093. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Water–fat MRI for assessing changes in bone marrow composition due to radiation and chemotherapy in gynecologic cancer patients
Authors: Bolan Patrick J. , Arentsen Luke , Sueblinvong Thanasak , Zhang Yan , Moeller Steen , Carter Jori S. , Downs Levi S. , Ghebre Rahel , Yee Douglas , Froelich Jerry , Hui Susanta 
Published: March 2013

PurposeTo assess the feasibility of using fat‐fraction imaging for measuring marrow composition changes over large regions in patients undergoing cancer therapy.Materials and MethodsThirteen women with gynecologic malignancies who were to receive radiation and/or chemotherapy were recruited for this study. Subjects were imaged on a 3T magnetic resonance (MR) scanner at baseline (after surgery but before radiation or chemotherapy), 6 months, and 12 months after treatment. Water–fat imaging was used to generate high‐resolution, 3D signal fat fraction (sFF) maps extending from mid‐femur to L3. Treatment changes were assessed by measuring marrow sFF in the L4 vertebra, femoral necks, and control tissues.ResultsPretreatment and 6‐month scans were compared in nine women. sFF increased significantly in both the L4 vertebral marrow (P = 0.04) and the femoral necks (P = 0.03), while no significant change was observed in control regions. Qualitatively, chemotherapy changes were more uniform in space, whereas the radiation‐induced changes were largest in marrow regions inside and close to the target radiation field.ConclusionWater–fat MRI is sensitive to changes in red/yellow marrow composition, and can be used for quantitative and qualitative assessment of treatment‐induced marrow damage. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;38:1578–1584. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Anticholinergic agents result in weaker and shorter suppression of uterine contractility compared with intestinal motion: time course observation with cine MRI
Authors: Daido Sayaka , Nakai Asako , Kido Aki , Okada Tomohisa , Kamae Toshikazu , Fujimoto Koji , Ito Isao , Togashi Kaori 
Published: March 2013

PurposeTo evaluate the time course effects of anticholinergic agents on uterine contractility and intestinal motion with cine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Materials and MethodsUsing a 1.5 T MRI scanner, 60 T2‐weighted half‐Fourier rapid acquisitions with relaxation enhancement images of the uterus were serially acquired over 3 minutes in 25 healthy women in the periovulatory phase, at four instances, prior to and 2–5, 5–8, and 10–13 minutes after intravenous injection of 20 mg of hyoscine butylbromide. Uterine peristalsis frequency (waves / 3 min) and degrees of endometrial transformation, subendometrial conduction, outer myometrial conduction, sporadic myometrial contraction, and intestinal movement were independently evaluated by three readers.ResultsUterine peristalsis frequency of 6.14 ± 2.34 decreased the most at 2–5 minutes (P < 0.001) by 1.41 (95% confidential interval [CI] = 0.59–2.22), or 23.0% ([6.14–4.73]/6.14) and remained reduced at 5–8 minutes (P = 0.013) by 0.97 (95% CI = 0.15–1.78), or 15.8% ([6.14–5.17]/6.14) after injection. The degree of intestinal movement was 3.32 ± 0.54 and was prominently reduced at every phase (P < 0.001 for all) and maximally decreased to 0.67 ± 0.65 at 5–8 min. It increased to 1.36 ± 0.72 at 10–13 minutes compared with the degrees of motion at 2–5 minutes (P = 0.04) and 5–8 minutes (P = 0.004).ConclusionSuppression of uterine peristalsis was weaker and shorter compared with the stronger and longer suppression of intestinal movement by the intravenous administration of anticholinergic agents. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;38:1196–1202. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tumor‐positive resection margins reflect an aggressive tumor biology in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Kimbrough Charles W. , St. Hill Charles R. , Martin Robert C.G. , McMasters Kelly M. , Scoggins Charles R. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackgroundResection margin status has been shown to impact outcomes for pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAC), yet it remains unknown whether margin status is a reflection of tumor biology or surgical technique.MethodsTwo hundred eighty‐three consecutive patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma were identified in a prospectively maintained database. Only patients with R0 (n = 207) or R1 (n = 76) tumors were included. Each operative surgeon's first 50 cases were excluded to control for technical inexperience. Univariable and multivariable analyses of clinicopathologic and intra‐operative factors were performed.ResultsThe median follow‐up for the cohort was 30.3 months with a median overall survival (OS) of 19.0 months. The R1 group had a higher rate of lymph node ratio >0.2 (41% vs. 25%; P = 0.013), and more microvascular invasion (64% vs. 44%; P = 0.007). R0 resections had both improved overall survival (22.7 months vs. 15.0 months, P = 0.004) and disease free survival (13.5 months vs. 10.7 months, P = 0.026). Factors independently associated with overall survival were microvascular invasion (HR 2.26; P = 0.001), pre‐existing pulmonary disease (HR 2.18, P = 0.043), and cardiac disease (HR 1.78, P = 0.033).ConclusionFactors associated with an R1 resection reflect a biologically more aggressive tumor, with a higher likelihood of microvascular invasion and increased positive lymph node ratio. J. Surg. Oncol. 2013;107:602–607. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Environmental Controls on Fallow Carbon Dioxide Flux in a Single‐Crop Rice Paddy, Japan
Authors: Ono K. , Mano M. , Han G. H. , Nagai H. , Yamada T. , Kobayashi Y. , Miyata A. , Inoue Y. , Lal R. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractSoil organic carbon (SOC) is one of the important measures of soil fertility and sustainability in arable lands. With continuous CO2 flux measurements, this study assessed the SOC decomposition and its environmental controls at both half‐hourly and season‐long scales in a single‐crop rice (Oryza sativa L.) paddy during three fallow periods between 2004 and 2007. Measurements were made on a gray lowland soil sited in eastern Japan using the eddy covariance method. Ecosystem respiration was strongly affected by soil water content measured at 0–0·1 m depth. At 0·5 m3 m− 3 or more of soil water content, the baseline of ecosystem respiration decreased by 50% compared with that at 0·2 m3 m− 3 . The effect was quantified at half‐hourly scale using an empirical multiple regression model, together with the soil surface temperature and the time after residue incorporation. At season‐long scale, net biome production, which is equivalent to the change in the SOC pool during the fallow period, was estimated from the flux and ancillary data at 150 g C m− 2 in 2004–2005, 70 g m− 2 in 2005–2006, and 270 g C m− 2 in 2006–2007. Apparently, as much as 46 to 79% of the soil organic matter incorporated (crop residues, ratoon, and stable manure) was decomposed during the fallow period. Precipitation, or associated soil water content, was important for the carbon balance of the field at season‐long scale because of its large interannual variability and relatively low permeability of the paddy soil. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Material response during nanosecond laser induced breakdown inside of the exit surface of fused silica
Authors: Demos Stavros G. , Negres Raluca A. , Raman Rajesh N. , Rubenchik Alexander M. , Feit Michael D. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe material response following nanosecond, UV laser induced breakdown inside of the exit surface of fused silica is investigated using multimodal time resolved microscopy. The study spans up to about 75 ns delay from the onset of material modification during the laser pulse through the observation of material ejection. A number of distinct processes were identified, including: a) the onset of optical absorption in the material arising from the buildup of an electronic excitation, b) the expansion of the hot modified region (plasma) along the surface and inside the bulk, c) the formation of radial and circumferential cracks, d) the swelling of the affected region on the surface and, e) the onset of ejection of material clusters at about 30 ns delay and its progression to a well‐defined jet by about 75 ns delay. Limited theoretical modeling is used to aid the interpretation of the data.
A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial of pridopidine in Huntington's disease
Authors:   The Huntington Study Group HART Investigators
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTWe examined the effects of 3 dosages of pridopidine, a dopamine‐stabilizing compound, on motor function and other features of Huntington's disease, with additional evaluation of its safety and tolerability. This was a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial in outpatient neurology clinics at 27 sites in the United States and Canada. Two hundred twenty‐seven subjects enrolled from October 24, 2009, to May 10, 2010. The intervention was pridopidine, either 20 (n=56), 45 (n=55), or 90 (n=58) mg daily for 12 weeks or matching placebo (n=58). The primary outcome measure was the change from baseline to week 12 in the Modified Motor Score, a subset of the Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale Total Motor Score. Measures of safety and tolerability included adverse events and trial completion on the assigned dosage. After 12 weeks, the treatment effect (relative to placebo, where negative values indicate improvement) of pridopidine 90 mg/day on the Modified Motor Score was −1.2 points (95% confidence interval [CI], −2.5 to 0.1 points; P = .08). The effect on the Total Motor Score was −2.8 points (95% CI, −5.4 to −0.1 points; nominal P = .04). No significant effects were seen in secondary outcome measures with any of the active dosages. Pridopidine was generally well tolerated. Although the primary analysis did not demonstrate a statistically significant treatment effect, the overall results suggest that pridopidine may improve motor function in Huntington's disease. The 90 mg/day dosage appears worthy of further study. Pridopidine was well tolerated. © 2013 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Lessons for inductive germline determination
Authors: Seervai Riyad N.H. , Wessel Gary M. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractFormation of the germline in an embryo marks a fresh round of reproductive potential, yet the developmental stage and location within the embryo where the primordial germ cells (PGCs) form differs wildly among species. In most animals, the germline is formed either by an inherited mechanism, in which maternal provisions within the oocyte drive localized germ‐cell fate once acquired in the embryo, or an inductive mechanism that involves signaling between cells that directs germ‐cell fate. The inherited mechanism has been widely studied in model organisms such as Drosophila melanogaster, Caenorhabditis elegans, Xenopus laevis, and Danio rerio. Given the rapid generation time and the effective adaptation for laboratory research of these organisms, it is not coincidental that research on these organisms has led the field in elucidating mechanisms for germline specification. The inductive mechanism, however, is less well understood and is studied primarily in the mouse (Mus musculus). In this review, we compare and contrast these two fundamental mechanisms for germline determination, beginning with the key molecular determinants that play a role in the formation of germ cells across all animal taxa. We next explore the current understanding of the inductive mechanism of germ‐cell determination in mice, and evaluate the hypotheses for selective pressures on these contrasting mechanisms. We then discuss the hypothesis that the transition between these determination mechanisms, which has happened many times in phylogeny, is more of a continuum than a binary change. Finally, we propose an analogy between germline determination and sex determination in vertebrates—two of the milestones of reproduction and development—in which animals use contrasting strategies to activate similar pathways. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 80:590–609, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Remote monitoring of videourodynamics using smart phone and free instant messaging software
Authors: Hsieh Po‐Fan , Chang Chao‐Hsiang , Lien Chi‐Shun , Wu Hsi‐Chin , Hsiao Po‐Jen , Chou Eric Chieh‐Lung 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTAimsTo evaluate the feasibility of using smart phones plus free instant messaging software for remote monitoring of videourodynamics.MethodsFrom November 2011 to October 2012, 85 females with voiding disorders were enrolled for videourodynamic tests. The patients were assigned to videourodynamics remotely monitored by the attending physician by using iPhone/iPad and Skype (group 1) and videourodynamics with the attending physician present (group 2). The procedural time and videourodynamic qualities, assessed by the frequency of adherence to the modified Sullivan criteria, in each group were recorded and compared.ResultsThere were 44 and 41 patients in group 1 and group 2, respectively. The mean procedural time was comparable between group 1 and group 2 (56.3 vs. 54.4 min, P = 0.25). The frequencies of adherence to the modified Sullivan criteria were similar in each group.ConclusionsThe qualities of videourodynamics under the attending physician's remote or direct monitoring were both appropriate. Based on the convenience of Internet, the popularity of smart phones and the intention to make the urologists use their time more efficiently, our study provides remote monitoring as an alternative way for performing videourodynamics. Neurourol. Urodynam. 32:1064–1067, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An adaptive level set method based on two‐level uniform meshes and its application to dislocation dynamics
Authors: Wang Hanquan , Xiang Yang 
Published: March 2013

SUMMARYIn this paper, we present an adaptive level set method for motion of high codimensional objects (e.g., curves in three dimensions). This method uses only two (or a few fixed) levels of meshes. A uniform coarse mesh is defined over the whole computational domain. Any coarse mesh cell that contains the moving object is further divided into a uniform fine mesh. The coarse‐to‐fine ratios in the mesh refinement can be adjusted to achieve optimal efficiency. Refinement and coarsening (removing the fine mesh within a coarse grid cell) are performed dynamically during the evolution. In this adaptive method, the computation is localized mostly near the moving objects; thus, the computational cost is significantly reduced compared with the uniform mesh over the whole domain with the same resolution. In this method, the level set equations can be solved on these uniform meshes of different levels directly using standard high‐order numerical methods. This method is examined by numerical examples of moving curves and applications to dislocation dynamics simulations. This two‐level adaptive method also provides a basis for using locally varying time stepping to further reduce the computational cost. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A four‐node corotational quadrilateral elastoplastic shell element using vectorial rotational variables
Authors: Li Z.X. , Zhuo X. , Vu‐Quoc L. , Izzuddin B.A. , Wei H.Y. 
Published: March 2013

SUMMARYA four‐node corotational quadrilateral elastoplastic shell element is presented. The local coordinate system of the element is defined by the two bisectors of the diagonal vectors generated from the four corner nodes and their cross product. This local coordinate system rotates rigidly with the element but does not deform with the element. As a result, the element rigid‐body rotations are excluded in calculating the local nodal variables from the global nodal variables. The two smallest components of each nodal orientation vector are defined as rotational variables, leading to the desired additive property for all nodal variables in a nonlinear incremental solution procedure. Different from other existing corotational finite‐element formulations, the resulting element tangent stiffness matrix is symmetric owing to the commutativity of the local nodal variables in calculating the second derivative of strains with respect to these variables. For elastoplastic analyses, the Maxwell–Huber–Hencky–von Mises yield criterion is employed, together with the backward‐Euler return‐mapping method, for the evaluation of the elastoplastic stress state; the consistent tangent modulus matrix is derived. To eliminate locking problems, we use the assumed strain method. Several elastic patch tests and elastoplastic plate/shell problems undergoing large deformation are solved to demonstrate the computational efficiency and accuracy of the proposed formulation. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Geography and Economic Preferences as Cultural Markers in a Border Town: The Faunal Remains from Tel Beth‐Shemesh, Israel
Authors: Tamar K. , Bar‐Oz G. , Bunimovitz S. , Lederman Z. , Dayan T. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWe present a zooarchaeological analysis of the faunal remains at Tel Beth‐Shemesh, a site located in the Shephelah region of Israel, which has been dated to the Late Bronze Age and Iron Age I. The site, identified as the biblical city of Beth‐Shemesh, was a Canaanite border town between Philistine and Israelite settlements and of great importance in our attempts to understand the social and cultural transformations that occurred in the southern Levant during those periods. This study contributes to a more accurate understanding of the cultural identity of the site's inhabitants by exploring the cultural differences between populations as reflected in their different dietary preferences. We analysed the subsistence economy at the site, the general exploitation patterns, herd management strategies and consumption practices, all of which are based mostly on domestic livestock. We determined the cultural identity at the site mainly by comparing the representation of pig remains with that found at other sites in the region, and offer various explanations for the differences. The comparisonsrevealed clear differences between Tel Beth‐Shemesh and other known nearby Philistine sites. This site appears to have possessed a self‐contained production and consumption economy with similarities in the general pattern of animal exploitation between the two periods. These similarities constitute evidence for the continuation of the local population and of its culture at the site during the period of turmoil that swept the region during the transition to the Iron Age. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.