bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photo-sensitivity of large area physical vapor deposited mono and bilayer MoS2
Authors: Wang Baoming , Muratore Christopher , Voevodin Andrey A , Haque Md Amanul 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
We present photosensitivity in large area physical vapour deposited mono and bi-layer MoS2 films. Photo-voltaic effect was observed in single layer MoS2 without any apparent rectifying junctions, making device fabrication straightforward. For bi-layers, no such effect was present, suggesting strong size effect in light-matter interaction. The photo-voltaic effect was observed to highly direction dependent in the film plane, which suggests that the oblique deposition configuration plays a key role in developing the rectifying potential gradient. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of any large area and transfer free MoS2 photo device with performance comparable to their exfoliated counterparts.
Viability of equine mesenchymal stem cells during transport and implantation
Authors: Garvican Elaine R , Cree Sandra , Bull Lydia , Smith Roger KW , Dudhia Jayesh 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Autologous mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) injection into naturally-occurring equine tendon injuries has been shown to be safe and efficacious and protocols inform translation of the technique into humans. Efficient transfer of cells from the laboratory into tissue requires well-validated transport and implantation techniques.

Methods
Cell viability in a range of media was determined over 72 hours and after injection through a 19G, 21G or 23G needle. Viability, proliferation and apoptosis were analysed using TrypanBlue, alamarBlue® and AnnexinV assays.

Results
Cell viability was similar in all re-suspension media following 24 hour storage, however cell death was most rapid in bone marrow aspirate, platelet-rich plasma and serum after longer storage. Cryogenic media exhibited greatest viability regardless of storage time. Cell proliferation after 24 and 72 hour storage was similar for all media, except after 24 hours in serum wherein proliferation was enhanced. MSC tri-lineage differentiation and viability did not significantly change when extruded through 19G, 21G or 23G needles, but 21G and 23G needles significantly increased apoptotic cells compared to 19G and non-injected controls. All gauges induced a decrease in metabolic activity immediately post-injection but cells recovered by 2 hours.

Conclusions
These data indicate storage and injection influence viability and subsequent cell behaviour and provide recommendations for MSC therapy that implantation of cells should occur within 24 hours of recovery from culture, using larger needle bores.
Functional subdivision of fin protractor and retractor muscles underlies pelvic fin walking in the African lungfish (Protopterus annectens)
Authors: Aiello Brett R. , King Heather M. , Hale Melina E. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAfrican lungfish (Protopterus annectens) can produce rotational movements around the joint between the pelvis and the pelvic fin allowing these animals to walk across benthic substrates. In tetrapods, limb rotation at the hip joint is a common feature of substrate-based locomotion. For sprawling tetrapods, rotation can involve nine or more muscles, which are often robust and span multiple joints. In contrast, P. annectens uses a modest morphology of two fan-shaped muscles, the pelvic fin protractor and retractor, to accomplish this movement. We hypothesized that functional subdivision, coupled with their broad insertions on the femur, allows each of these muscles to pull on the limb from multiple directions and provides a mechanism for fin rotation. To test this hypothesis, we examined the muscle activity at three locations in both the protractor and the retractor muscles during walking. Electromyograms show differences in the timing of muscle activation between dorsal and ventral regions of each muscle, suggesting that each muscle is functionally subdivided once. The subdivisions demonstrate sequential onsets of muscle activity and overlap of activity between regions, which are also features of limb control in tetrapods. These data suggest that through functional subdivisions of the protractor and retractor muscles functional complexity is masked by morphological simplicity and suggest a mechanism that allows lungfish to produce a tetrapod-like walking gait with only two muscles. As one of few extant sarcopterygian fishes, P. annectens may provide important functional data to inform interpretation of limb movement of fossil relatives.
Muscle fibre size optimisation provides flexibility to energy budgeting in calorie-restricted Coho salmon transgenic for growth hormone
Authors: Johnston Ian A. , Garcia de la serrana Daniel , Devlin Robert H. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) transgenic for growth hormone (GH) show substantially faster growth than wild-type (WT) fish. We fed GH-transgenic salmon either to satiation (1-year) (TF) or the same smaller ration of wild-type fish (2-years) (TR), resulting in groups matched for body size to WT salmon. The myotomes of TF and WT fish had the same number and size distribution of muscle fibres, indicating 2-fold higher rate of fibre recruitment in the GH-transgenics. Unexpectedly, calorie restriction was found to decrease the rate of fibre production in transgenics, resulting in a 21% increase in average fibre size and reduced costs of ionic homeostasis. Genes for myotube formation were down-regulated in TR relative to TF and WT fish. We suggest muscle fibre size optimisation allows the relocation of energy from maintenance to locomotion explaining the observation that calorie-restricted transgenics grow at the same rate as WT whilst exhibiting markedly higher foraging activity.
Promoting the health care needs of people with learning disabilities
Authors: Bollard Martin 
Published: August 2014

The growing number of people with learning disabilities who live in the community presents a major challenge to primary health care teams. A brief postal survey sent to both fundholding and non-fundholding general practices in Coventry regarding this client group revealed a lack of awareness of local services available, a lack of understanding of the role of the community nurse, a limited knowledge of specific healthcare needs, and a lack of knowledge of how many people were registered at their practice. To overcome this challenge the community nurse for learning disabilities needs to enter the primary health care arena, and work in partnership with the fundholding general practitioner (GP). It is hoped that the presence of a specialist practitioner within the primary health care team will encourage easier access to primary care for people with learning disabilities and their carers. This should also lead to greater surveillance and monitoring of the specific health care needs of this group of people.
Full Mouth versus Quadrant Treatment in Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Sagar Anjana 
Published: August 2014

Aim The aim of this review is to discuss the evidence for the management of chronic periodontitis, including methods of non-surgical therapy such as full mouth disinfection, full mouth debridement and conventional quadrant-by-quadrant therapy. Methods Manual searches of Medline and Embase databases provided the relevant studies. Results Multiple randomised controlled trials (RCTs) selected for the paper failed to show any significant differences between the quadrant-wise treatment and full mouth debridement and modalities. Practical implications This review demonstrates that there is no known difference in treatment outcomes between full mouth debridement and traditional quadrant therapy. Further RCTs are necessary to assess clinical effectiveness of chemical adjunct use.
‘Stop flexing your roots, man’: Reconversion strategies, consecrated heretics and the violence of UK first-wave punk
Authors: Branch Andrew 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The article assesses how the reshaping of the habitus of UK punk’s original working-class and lower-middle-class practitioners framed their investment in this heavily mediated popular music culture. A reshaping that facilitated an increased reflexivity in these more socially mobile subjects. This is achieved by drawing on both published testimonies and the author’s own empirical research into how former first-wave punks now read their earlier practice. In recognizing first-wave punk’s initial status as a heterodox cultural formation, discursively defined by the modernist aesthetic it laid claim to and by the violence attributed to it in media representations, the article examines the degree to which its practitioners challenged orthodoxy in their desire to consecrate a new field of cultural practice, with its attendant forms of capital. By drawing on a Bourdieusian conceptual framework, the article demonstrates how first-wave punk derived its affective energy from working-class cultures and predicated this modernist aesthetic on the symbolic value it selectively extracted from them. In undertaking such an account, the article suggests that the violence of first-wave punk, symbolic and physical in form, was symptomatic of the divergent classed habitus of its practitioners. It concludes by arguing that in this respect, punk’s opening up of radical space might be read in a more ambivalent light than has hitherto been the case.
Estimation of age- and comorbidities-adjusted percentiles of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T levels in the elderly
Authors: Kuster Nils , Monnier Karine , Baptista Gregory , Dupuy Anne-Marie , Badiou Stéphanie , Bargnoux Anne-Sophie , Jeandel Claude , Cristol Jean-Paul 
Published: August 2014

AbstractCardiac troponin level measured by high-sensitivity assays (hs-cTn) in the elderly is frequently found higher than the 99th percentile upper reference limit, making the diagnosis of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) difficult. This study aimed at: 1) identifying determinants of hs-cTnT levels in an unselected population of elderly subjects; and 2) assessing the prognosis value of increased hs-cTnT in elderly people free of ACS.Hs-cTnT was measured in 591 individuals aged over 65 years without suspicion of ACS. Comorbidities were assessed using the Cumulative Illness Rating Scale for Geriatrics (CIRS-G). C-reactive protein, αAge, gender, cardiac CIRS-G, estimated glomerular filtration rate (p<0.001 for all), albumin (p<0.028) and αHs-cTnT level is associated with inflammation and renal function in the elderly. Independently of comorbidities, hs-cTnT concentration increases exponentially with age after 65 years. Decision limits adapted to age and sex may be useful to patient management.
Triple positive antiphospholipid antibody profile in outpatients with tests for lupus anticoagulants
Authors: Froom Paul , Saffuri-Elias Enas , Rozenberg Orit , Barak Mira 
Published: August 2014

AbstractA triple positive antiphospholipid (aPL) antibody profile [two positive serum IgG aPL antibodies along with one positive functional plasma lupus anticoagulant (LAC) test result] is associated with an increased risk for thrombosis, whereas patients with single positive test results may have little to no increased risk. The frequency of triple positivity in outpatients with various combinations of LAC test results is unclear.We extracted from our database all LAC test results [dilute Russell viper venom times (dRVVT) and silica clotting times (SCT)] that had concomitant serum IgG aPL testing [both serum anti βThere were 3195 patients without a prolonged prothrombin time. Double antibody positivity was found in 1% (31/2955) of those with normal functional LAC test results, in 16.0% (31/81) of those with a positive dRVVT, in 12.7% (10/79) of those with a positive SCT, and in 56.3% (45/80) of those with both tests positive (p<0.001). A triple positive aPL antibody profile was found in 28.3% (68/240) of those with at least one positive LAC test result.We conclude that 28% of patients with elevated LAC tests have a triple positive aPL antibody profile and patients with two positive LAC tests have a higher prevalence of a triple positive profile than do those with one positive LAC test result.
Employment and Adverse Selection in Health Insurance
Authors: Bhattacharya Jayanta , Vogt William B. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
We construct and test a new model of employer-provided health insurance provision in the presence of adverse selection in the health insurance market. In our model, employers cannot observe the health of their employees, but can decide whether to offer insurance. Employees sort themselves among employers who do and do not offer insurance on the basis of their current health status and the probability distribution over future health status changes. We show that there a pooling equilibrium is more likely when the costs of switching jobs are high or when health status is not persistent. We test and verify some of the key implications of our model using data from the Current Population Survey, linked to information provided by the US Department of Labor about the job-specific human capital requirements of jobs.
Race differences in obesity and its relationship to the sex hormone milieu
Authors: Perry Arlette C. , Martin Lorena 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
A sexual dimorphism exists in which increased abdominal and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) – found in women and marked by low sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and high bioavailable testosterone (BT) – is related to the metabolic risk profile. In men, increased BT is related to decreased abdominal obesity and a decrease in the metabolic risk profile. In women, race differences have been found in androgenic sex steroids including SHBG and BT as well as central fat distribution, creating inherently greater metabolic risk for certain populations. Estrogen and estrogen receptor isoforms play a role in fat deposition and distribution and may influence the changes that occur during the menopausal transition. Androgenic sex steroids serve a mediating role, influencing VAT accumulation and its associated metabolic risk factors while VAT also serves a mediating role influencing the androgenic sex steroid-metabolic risk relationship in women. Furthermore, androgenic sex steroids and VAT may independently contribute to the variance in several metabolic variables associated with cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and their antecedent conditions such as the metabolic syndrome. Race has been shown to modify the relationship between androgenic sex steroids and metabolic variables associated with risk for diabetes in Black and White women. Further research is warranted to examine the mechanisms involved in race differences. Total adiposity and central fat distribution in accordance with changes in the hormone and metabolic milieu influence breast cancer risk, which varies by race and menopausal status. These findings have broader implications for the study of health promotion/disease prevention in women.
Role for monoaminergic systems in the antidepressant and anxiolytic properties of the hydroethanolic leaf extract from Adenia cissampeloides
Authors: Ishola Ismail O. , Olayemi Sunday O. , Yemitan Omoniyi K. , Akinseye Kolawole 
Published: August 2014

Abstract

Background:
Adenia cissampeloides (Planch ex. Hook) Harms (Passifloraceae) leaf infusion is used in traditional African medicine as a stimulant to treat depression and insanity. Thus, this study investigates antidepressant and anxiolytic activities of the hydroethanol leaf extract of Adenia cissampeloides (ACE) in mice.

Methods: ACE (50–200 mg/kg, p.o.) was administered to mice 1 h before behavioral studies; the forced swimming test (FST), tail suspension test (TST), elevated-plus maze test (EPM) hole-board test (HBT) and open field test (OFT). In addition, the probable mechanisms of antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like actions of ACE were also investigated.

Results: ACE (100 and 200 mg/kg) produced significant (p<0.01) reduction in immobility, along with a significant increase in swimming activity (75.20%) and climbing (190.00%), respectively, similar to anti-immobility effect of imipramine in the FST. Also, in TST, ACE (100 and 200 mg/kg) treatment significantly (p<0.01) reduced the immobility time by 35.60%, and 35.27%, respectively, which was similar to anti-immobility effect of fluoxetine (32.50%). However, the antidepressant-like effect produced by ACE was prevented (p<0.01) by yohimbine (α2-adrenoceptor antagonist), or sulpiride (dopamine D2 receptor antagonist) pretreatment. ACE (50 and 100 mg/kg) treatment (p<0.01) increased number (41.67%) and duration of head-dips (52.27%) in HBT. Similarly, ACE (50–200 mg/kg) increased duration of open arm entries (p<0.001) in EPM. However, this effect was reversed (p<0.001) by pretreatment of mice with cyproheptadine (5-HT2 receptor antagonist) (60.87%).

Conclusions: Findings from these studies revealed antidepressant-like effect of ACE mediated through interaction with dopamine D2- receptor or α2-adrenoceptor. Also an anxiolytic-like effect through interaction with 5-HT2 receptors.
On the Infinite-Dimensional Representation of Stochastic Controlled Systems with Delayed Control in the Diffusion Term
Authors: Fabbri Giorgio , Federico Salvatore 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
In the deterministic context a series of well established results
allow to reformulate delay differential equations (DDEs) as evolution
equations in infinite dimensional spaces. Several models in the
theoretical economic literature have been studied using this
reformulation. On the other hand, in the stochastic case only few
results of this kind are available and only for specific problems.
The contribution of the present letter is to present a way to
reformulate in infinite dimension a prototype controlled stochastic
DDE, where the control variable appears delayed in the diffusion
term. As application, we present a model for quadratic risk
minimization hedging of European options with execution delay and
a time-to-build model with shock.
Some comments concerning the possible employment of the dynamic
programming after the reformulation in infinite dimension conclude the
letter.
Diffuse optical tomography to monitor the photocoagulation front during interstitial photothermal therapy: Numerical simulations and measurements in tissue-simulating phantoms
Authors: He Jie , Wilson Brian C. , Piao Daqing , Weersink Robert 
Published: August 2014

AbstractNear-infrared interstitial photothermal therapy (PTT) is currently undergoing clinical trials as an alternative to watchful waiting or radical treatments in patients with low/intermediate-risk focal prostate cancer. Currently, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based thermography is used to monitor thermal energy delivery and determine indirectly the completeness of the target tumor destruction while avoiding damage to adjacent normal tissues, particularly the rectal wall. As an alternative, transrectal diffuse optical tomography (TRDOT) is being developed to image directly the photocoagulation boundary based on the changes in tissue optical properties, particularly scattering. An established diffusion-theory finite-element software platform was used to perform forward simulations to determine the sensitivity of changes in the optical signal resulting from a growing coagulated lesion with optical scattering contrast, for varying light source-detector separations in both longitudinal and transverse imaging geometries. The simulations were validated experimentally in tissue-simulating phantoms using an existing continuous-wave TRDOT system, in a configuration that is representative of one potential intended clinical use. This provides critical guidance for the optimum design of the transrectal applicator probe, in terms of achieving maximum sensitivity to the presence of the coagulation boundary and, consequently, the highest accuracy in determining the boundary location relative to the rectal wall.
ESTUDO DE SÍNTESE E TRANSIÇÃO ENTRE AS FASES ZEOLÍTICAS SODALITA E CANCRINITA
Authors: Silva Fernanda Arruda Nogueira Gomes , Santos Cássia Guerra Marques , Passos Fabiano Augusto Costa Mafra , Silva Adriana Aquino Soeiro , Barbato Carla Napoli , Garrido Francisco Manuel dos Santos , Sampaio João Alves 
Published: August 2014

Para a síntese hidrotermal das zeólitas foi utilizado como fonte de alumínio e de silício o caulim da região Borborema-Seridó (RN/PB) in natura e tratado termicamente a 500, 700 e 900 °C por 2 horas. As amostras in natura e ativadas termicamente foram caracterizadas por difração de raios X e espectroscopia no infravermelho. A síntese da fase sodalita e a transição para a fase cancrinita foram investigadas em diferentes condições estequiométricas. Na síntese A, a razão molar entre caulinita/metacaulinita, reagentes alcalinos (Na2CO3 e NaOH, respectivamente) e água foi de 1:8:2:143, e na síntese B a razão foi de 1:1:10:65.
As sínteses foram realizadas em vasos de pressão de aço inox na temperatura de 170 °C por 1 e 4h. Os produtos obtidos foram caracterizados por difração de raios X e espectroscopia vibracional no infravermelho. A fase sodalita, com boa pureza, foi obtida com caulim ativado termicamente, na síntese A por 4 h. No entanto, a transformação do caulim bruto em sodalita ocorre preferencialmente nas condições da síntese B. No caso do caulim calcinado a 900 °C a fase cancrinita foi formada nas condições da síntese B. As zeólitas formadas também foram caracterizadas por microscopia eletrônica de varredura.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO DA DEGRADAÇÃO DE UMA ROCHA UTILIZANDO O DWT
Authors: Ferreira Marks Brasil Duque Thais , Schneider Cláudio Luiz 
Published: August 2014

Neste trabalho apresenta-se uma análise de um modelo para a caracterização do ensaio DWT completo, para a amostra de rejeito de jigagem de carvão de Criciúma, onde os valores de tn possam ser completamente substituídos por um parâmetro, gama, que descreve a distribuição granulométrica gerada nos ensaios para todos os tamanhos, além dos parâmetros A e b. Além disso, foram realizados dois ensaios padrões, um em Março e outro em Outubro de 2012, a fim de verificar a ocorrência de degradação com o tempo das amostras. O ensaio DWT mede a distribuição granulométrica gerada pelo impacto, em vários níveis de energia, de amostras de partículas com tamanhos definidos.
Os resultados são subsequentemente reduzidos a dois parâmetros, A e b, característicos do material. O valor do produto A×b tem sido muito utilizado como um índice de tenacidade de rochas. Verificou-se que a amostra utilizada apresenta valor de A×b entre 80 e 90, sendo caracterizada como uma rocha friável, e que ocorreu degradação da amostra com o tempo, em virtude da variação do valor de A×b para o período estudado. O modelo proposto interpolou satisfatoriamente todas as distribuições geradas nos ensaios com um único valor do parâmetro gama para todos os tamanhos testados.