bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Liver X Receptor Activation Promotes Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Synthesis in Macrophages
Authors: Varin Alexis , Thomas Charles , Ishibashi Minako , Ménégaut Louise , Gautier Thomas , Trousson Amalia , Bergas Victoria , de Barros Jean Paul Pais , Narce Michel , Lobaccaro Jean Marc A. , Lagrost Laurent , Masson David 
Published: April 2015

Objective—
Liver X receptors (LXRs) modulate cholesterol and fatty acid homeostasis as well as inflammation. This study aims to decipher the role of LXRs in the regulation of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) synthesis in macrophages in the context of atherosclerosis.

Approach and Results—
Transcriptomic analysis in human monocytes and macrophages was used to identify putative LXR target genes among enzymes involved in PUFA biosynthesis. In parallel, the consequences of LXR activation or LXR invalidation on PUFA synthesis and distribution were determined. Finally, we investigated the impact of LXR activation on PUFA metabolism in vivo in apolipoprotein E–deficient mice. mRNA levels of acyl-CoA synthase long-chain family member 3, fatty acid desaturases 1 and 2, and fatty acid elongase 5 were significantly increased in human macrophages after LXR agonist treatment, involving both direct and sterol responsive element binding protein-1–dependent mechanisms. Subsequently, pharmacological LXR agonist increased long chain PUFA synthesis and enhanced arachidonic acid content in the phospholipids of human macrophages. Increased fatty acid desaturases 1 and 2 and acyl-CoA synthase long-chain family member 3 mRNA levels as well as increased arachidonic acid to linoleic acid and docosahexaenoic acid to eicosapentaenoic acid ratios were also found in atheroma plaque and peritoneal foam cells from LXR agonist–treated mice. By contrast, murine LXR-deficient macrophages displayed reduced expression of fatty acid elongase 5, acyl-CoA synthase long-chain family member 3 and fatty acid desaturases 1, as well as decreased cellular levels of docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid.

Conclusions—
Our results indicate that LXR activation triggers PUFA synthesis in macrophages, which results in significant alterations in the macrophage lipid composition. Moreover, we demonstrate here that LXR agonist treatment modulates PUFA metabolism in atherosclerotic arteries.
Insular Cortex Lesions, Cardiac Troponin, and Detection of Previously Unknown Atrial Fibrillation in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Scheitz Jan F. , Erdur Hebun , Haeusler Karl Georg , Audebert Heinrich J. , Roser Mattias , Laufs Ulrich , Endres Matthias , Nolte Christian H. 
Published: April 2015

Background and Purpose—
Detection rates of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) after acute ischemic stroke increase with duration of ECG monitoring. To date, it is unknown which patient group may benefit most from intensive monitoring strategies. Therefore, we aimed to identify predictors of previously unknown AF during in-hospital ECG monitoring.

Methods—
All consecutive patients with imaging-confirmed ischemic stroke admitted to our tertiary care hospital from February 2011 to December 2013 were registered prospectively. Patients received continuous bedside ECG monitoring for at least 24 hours. Detection of previously unknown AF during in-hospital ECG monitoring was obtained from medical records. Patients with AF on admission ECG or known history of AF were excluded from analysis.

Results—

Among 1228 patients (median age, 73 years; median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, 4; 43.4% women), previously unknown AF was detected in 114 (9.3%) during a median time of continuous ECG monitoring of 3 days (interquartile range, 2–4 days). Duration of monitoring (
P
<0.01), older age (
P
<0.01), history of hypertension (
P
=0.03), insular cortex involvement (
P
<0.01), and higher high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (
P
=0.04) on admission were independently associated with subsequent detection of AF in a multiple regression analysis. Addition of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T, insular cortex stroke, or both to the CHADS2 score (congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥75 years, diabetes mellitus, stroke [2P]) significantly improved
c
-statistics from 0.63 to 0.68 (
P
=0.01), 0.70 (
P
<0.01), and 0.72 (
P
<0.001), respectively.

Conclusions—
Insular cortex involvement, higher admission high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T, older age, hypertension, and longer monitoring are associated with new detection of AF during in-hospital ECG monitoring. Patients with higher high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T or insular cortex involvement may be candidates for prolonged ECG monitoring.
Pulmonary vein isolation for persistent atrial fibrillation. Long-term results
Authors: Garcia-Villarreal Ovidio A 
Published: April 2015

Background Pulmonary vein isolation has been employed to eliminate paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. However, the long-term outcome in terms of long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation is unclear. Methods One hundred patients with rheumatic mitral valve disease and long-standing (>1 year) persistent atrial fibrillation were operated on between July 1998 and June 2007. Mitral valve surgery and surgical isolation (cut-and-sew) of the pulmonary veins were performed in all cases. Transthoracic echocardiography and 24-h Holter monitoring were obtained after 3 and 6 months and yearly thereafter. Results Early and late follow-up was 99% and 92% complete, respectively. The endpoint was freedom from atrial fibrillation. There was one (1%) hospital death. Atrial fibrillation was present in 39%, 47%, 63% and 68% of patients at 3 months, 1 year, 3 years, and 5 years after surgery, respectively. The odds ratios for recurrence of atrial fibrillation postoperatively were 1.41 (95% confidence interval 1.14–1.74), 2.17 (95% confidence interval 1.63–2.90), and 3.62 (95% confidence interval 2.44–5.38) at 1 week, 3 years, and 5 years, respectively. Actuarial freedom from atrial fibrillation was 35% at 3 years, and 30% at 5 years. A direct relationship was observed between preoperative left atrial size >6 cm and atrial fibrillation recurrence at 5 years ( p < 0.05 odds ratio = 2.5, 95% confidence interval 1.15 – 5.4). Conclusions No beneficial effects of simple pulmonary vein isolation for long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation concomitant with rheumatic mitral valve disease were observed. Atrial fibrillation cannot be fully treated using only pulmonary vein isolation.
Uterine cervical cancer volumetry using T2- and diffusion-weighted MR images in patients treated by primary surgery and neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Tanaka Yumiko Oishi , Okada Satoshi , Satoh Toyomi , Matsumoto Koji , Saida Tsukasa , Minami Manabu , Yoshikawa Hiroyuki 
Published: April 2015

Background Tumor volumetry with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is very common; however, the accuracy of such measures remains unclear, especially after treatment. Purpose To determine the accuracy of preoperative volume measurements of uterine cervical carcinomas resected with and without neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) on T2-weighted (T2W) and diffusion-weighted (DWI) MRI. Material and Methods Twenty-nine consecutive patients with surgically confirmed uterine cervical carcinoma were included in this study. MRI scans were performed before preoperative treatment in 17 patients and after two courses of NAC in 12 patients. In all patients, T2W images and DWI were obtained to measure the tumor diameters. The maximum diameter of the surgical specimens was macroscopically measured. The correlation coefficients between the measured tumor size using T2W imaging and DWI and the size measured on the surgical specimens were calculated for all specimens. Results The correlation coefficient of the three-dimensional (3D) tumor volume measurement using T2W imaging and DWI was 0.97 in the primary surgery group and was 0.96 in the NAC group. The 3D tumor volume measurement using MRI and the measurement of the actual surgical specimen was 0.55 for T2WI and 0.48 for DWI in the primary surgery group and 0.88 for T2WI and 0.95 for DWI in the NAC group. Conclusion T2WI and DWI can provide accurate 3D tumor volume measurements of uterine cervical carcinomas in patients with and without preoperative chemotherapy, suggesting that tumor volumetry using 3 T MRI after uterus-preserving treatment is feasible.
Frontline therapy of multiple myeloma
Authors: Moreau Philippe , Attal Michel , Facon Thierry 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
In the past decade, one of the major advances in the management of patients with symptomatic newly diagnosed multiple myeloma has been the introduction of novel agents, thalidomide, bortezomib, and lenalidomide, as part of frontline treatment in both transplant and nontransplant candidates. These drugs have markedly improved the rate of complete remission, and time to progression, progression-free survival, and overall survival have significantly increased. This article focuses on more recent frontline therapeutic approaches both in older patients, not eligible for high-dose therapy and autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT), and in younger patients eligible for early ASCT.
Turkey at a Turning Point
Authors: Belge Murat 
Published: April 2015

Turkey, like many Westernizing/modernizing societies, was for a long time ruled by an “enlightened” minority, composed of the urban intelligentsia and the bureaucracy. The military formed the backbone of this elite. From the end of the Second World War, a multiparty parliamentary system was introduced, but the regime was interrupted by military takeovers in 1960, 1971, 1980, and finally in 1997.
This pattern began to change after the elections of 2002, which saw the victory of the AKP (Justice and Development Party). The AKP emerged from the Islamist political movements of the 1970s, but came to represent a more moderate and democratic form of political Islam under the leadership of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. This party, in power for the last twelve years, is beginning to show strong signs of establishing a majoritarian-authoritarian regime, a gain lacking in democracy. This is the new turning point Turkey faces at the moment.
Collective Disindividuation and/or Barbarism: Technics and Proletarianization
Authors: Vesco Shawna 
Published: April 2015

This essay serves as an overview of Bernard Stiegler’s project by offering a critical examination of “(de)proletarianization” and the pharmakon as refracted through his writings on technics (tekhnē), and his commitment to associations such as Ars Industrialis.
I argue that in approaching the relation between society and the technical system as the very question of the pharmakon (that which is both poisonous and curative), Stiegler’s work allows ethical questions to eschew sites of transcendental judgment as well as ethical absolutes in order to instead become questions of art—of ars and of tekhnē. I then proceed with the assertion that Stiegler recognizes in our postglobal society what he calls a state of generalized proletarianization, a state in which there is a loss of knowledge on the part of individuals and collectives in terms of both savoir-faire (know-how) and savoir-vivre (knowing how to live). I then establish that his work gestures toward a “system of care” intended to cultivate new modes of individual and collective existence through what he calls “nootechnologies,” or technologies of the spirit and mind. These technologies, however, bear within them the question of the pharmakon insofar as they are made manifest through hypomnemata, or pharmacological artificial memory supports. In order to better situate the political and ethical stakes of Stiegler’s thought of (de)proletarianization, the remainder of the essay reads several of Stiegler’s models (individuation, citizenship, memory, disorientation) alongside the work of his interlocuters including Derrida, Plato, Marx, Heidegger, and Blanchot.
Comparison, Allegory, and the Address of “Global” Realism (The Part about Bolaño)
Authors: Kurnick David 
Published: April 2015

Roberto Bolaño’s work repeatedly asks readers to compare various entities (continents, national literatures, ethnicities, the realms of culture and politics). The essay reads this obsessive comparativism as the first step in a totalizing aesthetic project, one tied to Bolaño’s preoccupation with the twentieth century’s supreme comparand of state crime, National Socialism. Bolaño’s seeming promotion of Nazism to mythical status in fact serves the more urgent geopolitical project of mapping a continental American history with US political power firmly at its center.
The essays reads Bolaño’s fascist preoccupation—visible from early works like the coauthored Consejos de un discípulo de Morrison a un fanático de Joyce (Advice from a Morrison disciple to a Joyce fan) and The Third Reich—in terms of Erich Auerbach’s elaboration of figura, the mode of medieval exegesis according to which Old Testament events lose none of their historical validity once they are interpreted as figures for New Testament events to come. Bolaño’s employment of this arcane hermeneutic device records the insistent geopolitical closure that has been registered across a variety of cultural realms under the name of globalization. This obscurely but palpably unified world is Bolaño’s subject in 2666, which locates an Auerbachian interpretive provocation on the geopolitical ground of the US-Mexico border (one of the most spectacularly visible dividing lines between global North and South). Bolaño’s spatializing of Auerbachian figura offers a potent model for a contemporary comparative practice, one that recognizes the necessity of mapping totality precisely in recording the geopolitical obstacles to doing so.
Optical Resolution of C2-Symmetric Racemic 1,4-Diols with o-Xylylene Structure by Chiral Resolving Agent (S)-ALBO-V
Authors: Asami Masatoshi , Zhong Lvling , Sekiguchi Naoki , Yamada Kumiko , Hiwatashi Yuya , Taniguchi Toshiro , Hosoda Naoya , Ito Suguru 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Optical resolution of C2-symmetric racemic 1,4-diols, 1,2-bis(1-hydroxyalkyl)benzene, was examined using (S)-5-allyl-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]octene ((S)-ALBO-V) as chiral resolving agent. Diastereomeric acetals obtained from the 1,4-diols with (S)-ALBO-V were easily separated by silica-gel column chromatography. After removal of the resolving agent, both enantiomers of the 1,4-diols were obtained with high enantiomeric excesses.
A Disposable and Flexible Graphene Electrode Fabricated by Inkjet Printing of an Aqueous Surfactant-free Graphene Oxide Dispersion
Authors: Pothipor Chamari , Kungwan Nawee , Jakmunee Jaroon , Ounnunkad Kontad 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Herein, the fabrication of a simple, low-cost, disposable, and flexible graphene (GP) electrochemical electrode by inkjet printing of the aqueous graphene oxide (GPO) dispersion ink was investigated. In terms of conductivity enhancement, the inkjet-printed GPO chip was chemically reduced, and exhibited high electrochemical response, reactivity, and stability. The electrode is a promising candidate for electrochemical applications.
Highly Efficient Acetalization of Carbonyl Compounds Catalyzed by Aniline–Aldehyde Resin Salts
Authors: Tanemura Kiyoshi , Suzuki Tsuneo 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
A mild procedures for the syntheses of ethylene acetals and dimethyl acetals from the corresponding aldehydes and ketones catalyzed by 1 mol % of aniline–aldehyde resin salts are described. This method is also useful for the synthesis of dimethyl acetals of diaryl ketones.
Interactions of Hydrophobically Random-modified and End-capped Polysulfonates with Surfactants Studied by Fluorescence Technique
Authors: Mizusaki Masanobu 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The interactions of hydrophobically random-modified and end-capped poly(2-(acrylamido)-2-methylpropanesulfonate)s (PAMPSs) with the nonionic surfactant dodecyl hexa(oxyethylene) glycol monoether (C12E6) were investigated by fluorescence spectroscopic technique of labeled pyrene. The results revealed that the random-modified PAMPS interacts with C12E6 and that the intrapolymer micelle formed from the polymer gets disrupted. In contrast, the end-capped PAMPS interacts without disruption of the multipolymer aggregate formed from the polymer at a comparably low concentration range of C12E6. The conformation of the polymer–surfactant complex depends on the position of the hydrophobic group in the polymer chains.
Digital publishing as the great leveller
Authors: Kats Pavel 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Proverbs are a fascinating genre of cultural expression that is studied by folklorists, linguists, philologists, anthropologists, literary scholars, philosophers, logicians, and cognitive psychologists (at least). This multitude of perspectives created in turn a multitude of approaches to how proverbial collections should be organized, classified, and used. These approaches may involve criteria based on alphabetical, chronological, ethnic, geographical, functional, lexicographical, metaphorical, thematic, or stylistic (a partial list) characteristics of proverbial performances. Consequences of this variety of approaches to the classification of subject matter ranged from inconvenience caused by heterogeneous resources to personal discrepancies between scholars.
It is exactly here that digital humanities have another edge on traditional humanities. Contemporary information technologies increasingly allow to store data without commiting in advance to how it is structured when used. If in traditional publishing the order of lexicographical entries and their content is predefined, digital publishers can use such technologies as relational databases, data warehouses, semantic ontologies, or faceted search, in order to implement flexible access to data that can satisfy even most exotic research demands.
In the proposed contribution I overview traditional challenges, suggest their domain-independent analysis in the perspective of ‘the big data challenge’, and describe some present achievements and future directions.
The Shahnama Project: A digital index of illustrated manuscripts
Authors: Melville Charles 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
This article documents the progress of the Cambridge Shahnama Project, initiated in 1999, and some of the issues that had to be addressed in implementing its ambitious aim to provide an open access, online corpus of illustrations of scenes from the Persian Book of Kings. This epic poem, Firdausi’s Shahnama, completed in ad 1010, was copied in thousands of manuscripts that are now dispersed in collections throughout the world, many of them lavishly illustrated: together, they provide a rich base of material for studying the arts of the book in Persian culture over several centuries, and the reception of Firdausi’s poem. The focus is on the development of the database and its transformation into a website, and the experience of applying appropriate technology to research in the humanities. The article identifies several phases of the project, up to its recent success in attracting a substantial endowment that will permit the work to continue for the foreseeable future.
The Language Archive and its solutions for sustainable endangered languages corpora
Authors: Drude Sebastian , Broeder Daan , Trilsbeek Paul 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Since the late 1990s, the technical group at the Max-Planck-Institute for Psycholinguistics has worked on solutions for important challenges in building sustainable data archives, in particular, how to guarantee long-time-availability of digital research data for future research.
The support for the well-known DOBES (Documentation of Endangered Languages) programme has greatly inspired and advanced this work, and lead to the ongoing development of a whole suite of tools for annotating, cataloguing and archiving multi-media data. At the core of the LAT (Language Archiving Technology) tools is the IMDI metadata schema, now being integrated into a larger network of digital resources in the European CLARIN project. The multi-media annotator ELAN (with its web-based cousin ANNEX) is now well known not only among documentary linguists.
We aim at presenting an overview of the solutions, both achieved and in development, for creating and exploiting sustainable digital data, in particular in the area of documenting languages and cultures, and their interfaces with related other developments.
A medical panorama: The Casebooks Project
Authors: Hawkins Michael , Ralley Robert , Young John 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The casebooks of the fellow astrologer-physicians Simon Forman and Richard Napier, covering the period 1596–1634, are among the largest and richest medical archives in history. The Casebooks Project is making them accessible online to both specialist and non-specialist users in a way that would be completely impossible in a print edition. This paper describes the nature and significance of the archive, the challenges involved in interpreting and encoding it, and the strategies we have developed to meet those challenges. In particular, it focuses on the task of making the material comprehensible to a modern audience while remaining true to the structure and terminology of the original documents.
Renal functional outcomes after surgery for renal cortical tumors
Authors: Lascano Danny , Finkelstein Julia B. , DeCastro G. Joel , McKiernan James M. 
Published: April 2015

Historically, radical nephrectomy represented the gold standard for the treatment of small (≤ 4cm) as well as larger renal masses. Recently, for small renal masses, the risk of ensuing chronic kidney disease and end stage renal disease has largely favored nephron-sparing surgical techniques, mainly partial nephrectomy. In this review, we surveyed the literature on renal functional outcomes after partial nephrectomy for renal tumors. The largest randomized control trial comparing radical and partial nephrectomy failed to show a survival benefit for partial nephrectomy. With regards to overall survival, surgically induced chronic kidney disease (GFR < 60 ml/min/ 1.73m2) caused by nephrectomy might not be as deleterious as medically induced chronic kidney disease. In evaluating patients who underwent donor nephrectomy, transplant literature further validates that surgically induced reductions in GFR may not affect patient survival, unlike medically induced GFR declines. Yet, because patients who present with a renal mass tend to be elderly with multiple comorbidities, many develop a mixed picture of medically, and surgically-induced renal disease after extirpative renal surgery. In this population, we believe that nephron sparing surgery optimizes oncological control while protecting renal function.