bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A method for numerical modelling of convection–reaction–diffusion using electrical analogues
Authors: Shafaq Sabawoon , Kennedy Alan , Delauré Yan 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn this paper, a new method, called the lumped‐component circuit method (LCM), is developed for one‐dimensioal and two‐dimensional convection–reaction–diffusion with low to moderate Peclet numbers, tested for modelling both steady‐state and transient problems, and compared with standard finite volume method (FVM) schemes. The method has been developed principally for solving equations with piecewise‐constant coefficients using nodes that are not positioned to correspond to the coefficient discontinuities. In such situations, the FVM solutions do not converge consistently as the node spacing is decreased, but LCM solutions do. In general, the LCM method is more accurate than the FVM schemes tested, and, while the computational cost of LCM is higher, results suggest that it can be more efficient. Like the transmission line method (TLM), it is an indirect scheme in which the problem to be solved is first represented by an analogous transmission line (TL). Unlike with TLM, however, the TL is then modelled using a lumped‐component circuit, the voltages at nodes within that circuit being calculated. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On reduction of control effort in feedback linearization GPC strategy applied to a solar furnace
Authors: Beschi Manuel , Berenguel Manuel , Visioli Antonio , Yebra Luis J. 
Published: August 2015

SummaryIn this paper, the temperature control of a solar furnace is addressed by taking into account physical and safety constraints. In particular, the use of a feedback linearization generalized predictive control strategy is proposed where the fictitious model providing a virtual control signal is suitably selected to reduce the control effort by considering both the reference tracking task and the compensation of disturbances, represented by the variation of the input energy provided by the Sun, mainly because of the solar daily cycle and passing clouds. Simulation and experimental results show the effectiveness of the methodology in comparison with other approaches helping this technology to become an inexpensive alternative option for the material treatment and testing in the industrial context. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Correlates of unmet needs and psychological distress in adolescent and young adults who have a parent diagnosed with cancer
Authors: McDonald F. E. J. , Patterson P. , White K. J. , Butow P. N. , Costa D. S. J. , Kerridge I. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractObjectiveYoung people who have a parent with cancer experience elevated levels of psychological distress and unmet needs. In this study, we examined the associations between demographics, cancer variables and family functioning and levels of distress and unmet needs amongst young people who have a parent diagnosed with cancer.MethodsYoung people aged 12–24 years with a parent with cancer (n = 255) completed the Offspring Cancer Needs Instrument (unmet needs), the Kessler‐10 (distress) and the Family Relationship Index (family functioning), along with measures of demographics and cancer variables (such as age, sex and time since cancer diagnosis). Variables associated with distress and unmet needs (including unmet need domains) were assessed using multiple linear regression.ResultsBeing female and older, having more unmet cancer needs and poorer family functioning were associated with increased distress. Having a father with cancer, a shorter time since diagnosis and poor family functioning were associated with increased unmet needs. Family conflict and expressiveness were particularly important components of family functioning. Having a parent relapse with cancer was also associated with unmet needs in the domains of practical assistance, ‘time out’ and support from other young people who have been through something similar.ConclusionsDelineating factors associated with increased distress and unmet needs assist in identifying at‐risk young people allowing improved assessment and tailoring of support to improve the psychosocial outcomes of young people impacted by parental cancer. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Airway resistance and allergic sensitization in children with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome
Authors: Zhang Jie , Zhao Jing , Chen Min , Liu Shilin , Zhang Xuexi , Zhang Fengzhen , Zhang Yamei , Chen Hui , Ni Xin 
Published: August 2015

SummaryObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to determine the airway resistance in Chinese children with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) by impulse oscilloetry (IOS) and investigate the association of the severity of OSAHS with the airway resistance and allergic sensitization.MethodA total of 120 children (92 boys) treated for snoring in Beijing Children's Hospital between October 2010 and March 2011 were included in this study. Ninety‐three children were diagnosed with OSAHS and 27 did not show OSAHS. Total airway resistance (R5), proximal airway resistance (R20), and peripheral airway resistance (X5) were determined by IOS. Serum levels of total IgE and allergen‐specific IgE (sIgE) were also determined.ResultsR5 in the OSAHS group was significantly higher than that in the non‐OSAHS group (P = 0.0025), whereas R20 and X5 were similar in the two groups. R5 was positively correlated with apnea hypopnea index and obstructive apnea index and negatively correlated with the lowest arterial oxygen saturation significantly (all P < 0.05). The percentage of children with abnormal serum levels of total IgE or abnormal allergen‐specific IgEs was comparable in OSAHS and non‐OSAHS groups. The proportions of abnormal R5 and of abnormal serum levels of total IgE were significantly higher in children with severe OSAHS compared with children with mild or moderate OSAHS (all P < 0.05).ConclusionsTotal airway resistance was significantly increased in Children with OSAHS. Allergic sensitization might contribute to the exacerbation of existing OSAHS in children. Large scale studies are required to further validate these findings. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2016;51:426–430. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Impact of Type‐2 Diabetes Time Since Diagnosis on Elderly Women Gait and Functional Status
Authors: da Cruz Anjos Daniela Maria , de Souza Moreira Bruno , Pereira Daniele Sirineu , Picorelli Alexandra Miranda Assumpção , Pereira Danielle Aparecida Gomes , Kirkwood Renata Noce , Dias Rosângela Corrêa , Pereira Leani Souza Máximo 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackground and PurposeThe gait, mobility and lower‐limb strength alterations of diabetic elderly women without symptoms of diabetic neuropathy in different periods of the chronic disease can contribute to an early functional diagnosis, allowing prevention of adverse outcomes like falls and disability. This could also contribute to the development of interventions, cures and physiotherapy practice for this population. The aim of this study was to verify the impact of type‐2 diabetes mellitus time since diagnosis on gait and functional status of elderly women.MethodsEighty‐two diabetic elderly women without neuropathic symptoms participated and divided in two groups: 1) 49 elderly (71.4 ± 4.8 years) with less than 10 years of type‐2 diabetes mellitus diagnosis, and 2) 33 elderly (70 ± 4.5 years) with 10 or more years of type‐2 diabetes mellitus diagnosis. Outcomes were spatiotemporal gait parameters (speed, cadence, step length, base of support, stance time, swing time, and double support time) assessed through GAITRite® system, and functional status assessed using the Timed Up and Go test and five times sit‐to‐stand test. To compare spatiotemporal gait variables and performance on functional tests between groups, multivariate analysis of variance and Mann–Whitney test were performed, respectively.ResultsThe group with 10 or more years of diagnosis showed lower gait speed and smaller step length (112.3 cm/s; 59.2 cm) compared with the group with less than 10 years of diagnosis (122.9 cm/s; 62.4 cm). In relation to Timed Up and Go test and five times sit‐to‐stand test, there were no statistically significant differences between the groups.ConclusionType‐2 diabetes mellitus time since diagnosis has a negative impact on gait speed and step length, but not on functional status of the elderly women. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tumor volume in insignificant prostate cancer: Increasing the threshold is a safe approach to reduce over‐treatment
Authors: Ting Francis , van Leeuwen Pim J. , Delprado Warick , Haynes Anne‐Maree , Brenner Phillip , Stricker Phillip D. 
Published: August 2015

BACKGROUNDThere are conflicting results in the literature regarding the tumor volume (TV) threshold that defines insignificant prostate cancer (PCa). In this study, we retrospectively evaluate the association of an increasing TV with biochemical recurrence (BCR) following radical prostatectomy (RP) in order to provide further clarification surrounding the TV threshold definition for insignificant PCa.METHODSRP patients were recruited from January 2004 to December 2009. Inclusion criteria were localized (stage ≤pT2c, negative surgical margins) Gleason 6 PCa with a total TV of ≤2.50 cm3. BCR was the primary outcome and defined as a PSA of ≥0.1. All cases with BCR were re‐evaluated by the pathologist with reassessment of tumor grade, pathological stage and surgical margin status.RESULTSFrom 1,636 patients, 178 men (10.9%) met all inclusion criteria. Ninety‐six patients (53.9%) had a TV <0.5 cm3 and 82 patients (46.1%) had a TV 0.5–2.5 cm3. Three out of 178 patients (1.7%) presented with BCR during follow‐up. One of these had TV <0.5 cm3 and two had TV 0.5–2.5 cm3. These three cases of BCR underwent re‐review of pathology; one patient was found to have a positive surgical margin and one patient was upgraded to Gleason 3 + 4 = 7. The third patient was re‐reported as having positive margins for a benign hyperplastic nodule (incomplete RP specimen). Subsequently, these three cases were excluded from final analysis as they did not fit inclusion criteria. Median follow‐up duration was 84 months (IQR 70–102 months). On final analysis, there were no patients with BCR, corresponding with a final BCR rate of 0% for both patients with a TV of <0.5 cm3 and 0.5–2.5 cm3.ConclusionsOur results have shown that, with a median follow‐up of 84 (IQR 70–102) months, patients in our cohort with localized Gleason 6 PCa with a total TV 0.5–2.5 cm3 have a BCR rate of 0%. We would support a more liberal total TV threshold of 2.5 cm3 for the further development of algorithms to identify patients suitable for active surveillance. Prostate 75:1768–1773, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Strain engineering of the electronic properties of bilayer graphene quantum dots
Authors: Moldovan Dean , Peeters Francois M. 
Published: August 2015

magnified imageWe study the effect of mechanical deformations on the electronic properties of hexagonal flakes of bilayer graphene. The behavior of electrons induced by triaxial strain can be described by an effective pseudo‐magnetic field which is homogeneous in the center of the flake. We find that in‐plane strain, applied to both layers equally, can break the layer symmetry leading to different behavior in the top and bottom layers of graphene. At low energy, just one of the layers feels the pseudo‐magnetic field: the zero‐energy pseudo‐Landau level is missing in the second layer, thus creating a gap between the lowest non‐zero levels. While the layer asymmetry is most significant at zero energy, interaction with the edges of the flake extends the effect to higher pseudo‐Landau levels. The behavior of the top and bottom layers may be reversed by rotating the triaxial strain by 60°. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Robotic total endoscopic sutureless aortic valve replacement: proof of concept for a future surgical setting
Authors: Vola Marco , Maureira Pablo , Kassir Radwan , Fuzellier Jean‐François , Campisi Salvatore , Doguet Fabien , Albertini Jean‐Noel , Ruggieri Vito Giovanni , Folliguet Thierry 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundSutureless valves have recently enabled closed chest aortic valve replacement. This paper evaluates the feasibility of a robotic telemanipulation during thoracoscopic sutureless aortic valve implantation in cadavers.MethodsCadavers were prepared with a five thoracosopic trocar setting, with a transthoracic clamp inserted in the first right intercostal space and the optics inserted in the second. Seven sutureless valve implantations were scheduled using 5 Sorin Perceval and 2 Medtronic 3f Enable valves.ResultsIn all cases performance of pericardial suspension, aortotomy and root exposure required less than 20 min. Native valve excision and sutureless bioprosthesis implantation was technically feasible in all cases. A satisfactory prosthesis sealing was ascertained visually and the absence of paravalvular leakages was assessed with a nerve hook test around the prosthetic flange.ConclusionsClosed chest and robot assisted sutureless valve implantation is feasible in cadavers. Robotic technology can enhance reproducibility of the technique. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sliding mode learning control of non‐minimum phase nonlinear systems
Authors: Do Manh Tuan , Man Zhihong , Jin Jiong , Zhang Cishen , Zheng Jinchuan , Wang Hai 
Published: August 2015

SummaryIn this paper, a novel robust sliding mode learning control scheme is developed for a class of non‐minimum phase nonlinear systems with uncertain dynamics. It is shown that the proposed sliding mode learning controller, designed based on the most recent information of the stability status of the closed‐loop system, is capable of adjusting the control signal to drive the sliding variable to reach the sliding surface in finite time and remain on it thereafter. The closed‐loop dynamics including both observable and non‐observable ones are then guaranteed to asymptotically converge to zero in the sliding mode. The developed learning control method possesses many appealing features including chattering‐free characteristic, strong robustness with respect to uncertainties. More importantly, the prior information of the bounds of uncertainties is no longer required in designing the controller. Numerical examples are presented in comparison with the conventional sliding mode control and backstepping control approaches to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control methodology. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vocabulary and Sentence Structure in Emergent Spanish Literacy
Authors: Briceño Allison 
Published: August 2015

AbstractDual language and bilingual education programs are increasing in number and popularity across the country. However, little information is available on how to teach children to read and write in Spanish. This article explores some of the similarities and differences in vocabulary and sentence structure in Spanish and English and considers the resulting implications for teaching emergent Spanish literacy. Understanding linguistic aspects of both languages enables teachers to better support the development of biliteracy and bilingualism.
Innovation and discovery of graphene‐like materials via density‐functional theory computations
Authors: Tang Qing , Zhou Zhen , Chen Zhongfang 
Published: August 2015

Inspired by the intensive studies of graphene, scientists have put extraordinary efforts in exploring properties and phenomena involving noncarbon graphene‐like two‐dimensional (2D) nanomaterials, particularly those only consisting of single layers or few layers. Experimentally, many graphene‐like 2D structures have been fabricated from a large variety of layered and nonlayered materials. These graphene‐like structures have already shown exceptional properties, which will offer new breakthroughs and innovative opportunities in nanomaterials science. Theoretically, density‐functional theory (DFT) computations offer a powerful tool to investigate the electronic structure (principally the ground state) of nanomaterials, to predict their intrinsic properties, assist in characterization, and rationalization of experimental findings, as well as explore their potential applications. By DFT computations, many graphene‐like materials have been explored and designed, and fantastic properties are disclosed. In this review, we present the recent computational progress in discovering the intrinsic structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of several important and representative graphene‐like 2D nanomaterials, as well as identifying their potential applications. The highlighted graphene‐like structures include layered van der Waals (vdW) materials (h‐BN, MoS2, α‐MoO3, and V2O5), graphitic‐like ZnO, MXenes (metal carbides or carbonitrides), the not‐yet‐synthesized B2C, SiC2, BSi3, arsenene and antimonene, and single‐layer coordination polymers ([Cu2Br(IN)2]n (IN = isonicotinato), Fe‐phthalocyanine, and nickel bis(dithiolene)). WIREs Comput Mol Sci 2015, 5:360–379. doi: 10.1002/wcms.1224This article is categorized under:

Structure and Mechanism > Computational Materials Science
Zellweger spectrum disorders: clinical manifestations in patients surviving into adulthood
Authors: Berendse Kevin , Engelen Marc , Ferdinandusse Sacha , Majoie Charles B. L. M. , Waterham Hans R. , Vaz Frédéric M. , Koelman Johannes H. T. M. , Barth Peter G. , Wanders Ronald J. A. , Poll‐The Bwee Tien 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIntroductionWe describe the natural history of patients with a Zellweger spectrum disorder (ZSD) surviving into adulthood.MethodsRetrospective cohort study in patients with a genetically confirmed ZSD.ResultsAll patients (n = 19; aged 16–35 years) had a follow‐up period of 1–24.4 years (mean 16 years). Seven patients had a progressive disease course, while 12 remained clinically stable during follow‐up. Disease progression usually manifests in adolescence as a gait disorder, caused by central and/or peripheral nervous system involvement. Nine were capable of living a partly independent life with supported employment. Systematic MRI review revealed T2 hyperintense white matter abnormalities in the hilus of the dentate nucleus and/or peridentate region in nine out of 16 patients. Biochemical analyses in blood showed abnormal peroxisomal biomarkers in all patients in infancy and childhood, whereas in adolescence/adulthood we observed normalization of some metabolites.ConclusionsThe patients described here represent a distinct subgroup within the ZSDs who survive into adulthood. Most remain stable over many years. Disease progression may occur and is mainly due to cerebral and cerebellar white matter abnormalities, and peripheral neuropathy.
Chemometric Studies on zNose™ and Machine Vision Technologies for Discrimination of Commercial Extra Virgin Olive Oils
Authors: Kadiroğlu Pınar , Korel Figen 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe aim of this study was to classify Turkish commercial extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) samples according to geographical origins by using surface acoustic wave sensing electronic nose (zNose™) and machine vision system (MVS) analyses in combination with chemometric approaches. EVOO samples obtained from north and south Aegean region were used in the study. The data analyses were performed with principal component analysis class models, partial least squares‐discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). Based on the zNose™ analysis, it was found that EVOO aroma profiles could be discriminated successfully according to geographical origin of the samples with the aid of the PLS‐DA method. Color analysis was conducted as an additional sensory quality parameter that is preferred by the consumers. The results of HCA and PLS‐DA methods demonstrated that color measurement alone was not an effective discriminative factor for classification of EVOO. However, PLS‐DA and HCA methods provided clear differentiation among the EVOO samples in terms of electronic nose and color measurements. This study is significant from the point of evaluating the potential of zNose™ in combination with MVS as a rapid method for the classification of geographically different EVOO produced in industry.
Plural Society and the Colonial State: English Law and the Making of Crown Colony Government in the Straits Settlements
Authors: LEE Jack Jin Gary 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn this article, I explain the establishment of Crown Colony government within the racially diverse colonies of the British Empire through an examination of the reconstitution of the Straits Settlements as a Crown Colony in 1867. My central argument is that the reconstitution of the Straits Settlements as a Crown Colony rested on colonial officials and subjects’ shared understandings of the fragmented and unstable character of racially diverse societies. Such understandings were analogous to J.S. Furnivall’s concept of “plural society” and were generated by the negative images of “native” populations and the precarity of colonial rule. Despite the reception of the common law and its institutions in the colony, these beliefs ultimately justified colonial officials’ repudiation of liberal principles of government and law despite intransigent protests by a minority of officials and subjects. In the Crown Colony of the Straits Settlements, this meant the institutionalization of a constitutional framework and laws that granted the Governor authoritarian powers over the legislature, judiciary, and society to maintain the social order.
The Role of Emergency Medical Services in Geriatrics: Bridging the Gap between Primary and Acute Care
Authors: Goldstein Judah , McVey Jennifer , Ackroyd-Stolarz Stacy 
Published: August 2015

AbstractCaring for older adults is a major function of emergency medical services (EMS). Traditional EMS systems were designed to treat single acute conditions; this approach contrasts with best practices for the care of frail older adults. Care might be improved by the early identification of those who are frail and at highest risk for adverse outcomes. Paramedics are well positioned to play an important role via a more thorough evaluation of frailty (or vulnerability). These findings may inform both pre-hospital and subsequent emergency department (ED) based decisions. Innovative programs involving EMS, the ED, and primary care could reduce the workload on EDs while improving patient access to care, and ultimately patient outcomes. Some frail older adults will benefit from the resources and specialized knowledge provided by the ED, while others may be better helped in alternative ways, usually in coordination with primary care. Discerning between these groups is a challenge worthy of further inquiry. In either case, care should be timely, with a focus on identifying emergent or acute care needs, frailty evaluation, mobility assessments, identifying appropriate goals for treatment, promoting functional independence, and striving to have the patient return to their usual place of residence if this can be done safely. Paramedics are uniquely positioned to play a larger role in the care of our aging population. Improving paramedic education as it pertains to geriatrics is a critical next step.