bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impaired neurovascular coupling to ictal epileptic activity and spreading depolarization in a patient with subarachnoid hemorrhage: Possible link to blood–brain barrier dysfunction
Authors: Winkler Maren K. L. , Chassidim Yoash , Lublinsky Svetlana , Revankar Gajanan S. , Major Sebastian , Kang Eun‐Jeung , Oliveira‐Ferreira Ana I. , Woitzik Johannes , Sandow Nora , Scheel Michael , Friedman Alon , Dreier Jens P. 
Published: November 2012

SummarySpreading depolarization describes a sustained neuronal and astroglial depolarization with abrupt ion translocation between intraneuronal and extracellular space leading to a cytotoxic edema and silencing of spontaneous activity. Spreading depolarizations occur abundantly in acutely injured human brain and are assumed to facilitate neuronal death through toxic effects, increased metabolic demand, and inverse neurovascular coupling. Inverse coupling describes severe hypoperfusion in response to spreading depolarization. Ictal epileptic events are less frequent than spreading depolarizations in acutely injured human brain but may also contribute to lesion progression through increased metabolic demand. Whether abnormal neurovascular coupling can occur with ictal epileptic events is unknown. Herein we describe a patient with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in whom spreading depolarizations and ictal epileptic events were measured using subdural opto‐electrodes for direct current electrocorticography and regional cerebral blood flow recordings with laser‐Doppler flowmetry. Simultaneously, changes in tissue partial pressure of oxygen were recorded with an intraparenchymal oxygen sensor. Isolated spreading depolarizations and clusters of recurrent spreading depolarizations with persistent depression of spontaneous activity were recorded over several days followed by a status epilepticus. Both spreading depolarizations and ictal epileptic events where accompanied by hyperemic blood flow responses at one optode but mildly hypoemic blood flow responses at another. Of note, quantitative analysis of Gadolinium‐diethylene‐triamine‐pentaacetic acid (DTPA)–enhanced magnetic resonance imaging detected impaired blood–brain barrier integrity in the region where the optode had recorded the mildly hypoemic flow responses. The data suggest that abnormal flow responses to spreading depolarizations and ictal epileptic events, respectively, may be associated with blood–brain barrier dysfunction.
Blood–brain barrier dysfunction–induced inflammatory signaling in brain pathology and epileptogenesis
Authors: Kim Soo Young , Buckwalter Marion , Soreq Hermona , Vezzani Annamaria , Kaufer Daniela 
Published: November 2012

SummaryThe protection of the brain from blood‐borne toxins, proteins, and cells is critical to the brain’s normal function. Accordingly, a compromise in the blood–brain barrier (BBB) function accompanies many neurologic disorders, and is tightly associated with brain inflammatory processes initiated by both infiltrating leukocytes from the blood, and activation of glial cells. Those inflammatory processes contribute to determining the severity and prognosis of numerous neurologic disorders, and can both cause, and result from BBB dysfunction. In this review we examine the role of BBB and inflammatory responses, in particular activation of transforming grown factor β (TGFβ) signaling, in epilepsy, stroke, and Parkinson’s disease.
P‐glycoprotein imaging in temporal lobe epilepsy: In vivo PET experiments with the Pgp substrate [11C]‐verapamil
Authors: Feldmann Maria , Koepp Matthias 
Published: November 2012

SummaryOverexpression of the multidrug efflux transporter P‐glycoprotein (Pgp) at the blood–brain barrier (BBB) is thought to be involved in pharmacoresistance in epilepsy by extruding antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) from their target site. To explore this hypothesis, positron emission tomography (PET) scans were performed with the Pgp substrate–verapamil (VPM) in animal models before and after status epilepticus (SE) and in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and healthy controls. In addition to baseline scans, a second VPM‐PET scan was performed after administration of the Pgp inhibitor tariquidar (TQD), showing that VPM uptake at baseline and its increase after Pgp inhibition are reduced in animals following SE compared to baseline, and in refractory TLE relative to healthy controls. In animal models, brain regions with increased Pgp expression (cerebellum, thalamus, and hippocampus) showed reduced influx rate constants from blood to brain, K1, of the radiolabeled Pgp substrate relative to control animals. In human studies, preliminary findings are lower K1 values in refractory compared to seizure‐free patients and attenuated increase of K1 for temporal lobe regions in patients with TLE compared to healthy controls. In summary, there is lower brain uptake of the Pgp substrate VPM in Pgp‐rich areas of animals 2 days following SE, as well as lower increase in VPM brain uptake after TQD in patients with refractory TLE compared to healthy controls, supporting the hypothesis of increased cerebral Pgp function following prolonged seizures and as a mechanism contributing to drug resistance in refractory epilepsy. The observation of reduced VPM uptake in refractory compared to seizure‐free patients with TLE is consistent with multiple mechanisms affecting Pgp function, including uncontrolled seizures.
Effect of Incorporation of Silane‐Treated Silver and Aluminum Microparticles on Strength and Thermal Conductivity of PMMA
Authors: Yadav Pratibha , Mittal Reena , Sood Vijay Kumar , Garg Rishabh 
Published: November 2012

AbstractPurpose: The purpose of this study was to study the effect of addition of metal filler particles on different strengths of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and to evaluate the thermal perception in vivo.Materials and Methods: The study was carried out in two parts. Part 1 of the study was an in vitro investigation regarding the effect of addition of metal fillers (aluminum and silver) in concentrations of 10%, 20%, and 30%, by volume on the tensile, compressive, and flexural strength of PMMA. Part 2 of the study comprised the clinical evaluation of the thermal perception by 10 edentulous patients provided with two sets of complete dentures, one fabricated with unfilled PMMA and another with 20% aluminum particle filled PMMA on the palatal portion of the maxillary denture. Recorded data were subjected to Student's t‐test and ANOVA test.Results: The mean tensile and flexural strength values among control and other groups were found to have statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) except for Al1 and Al2 groups. Mean compressive strength values among control and other groups were statistically significant (p < 0.05). In the clinical study, all 10 participants reported higher perception of hot and cold sensations in dentures with a metalized palatal portion.Conclusions: Compressive strength increased progressively on increasing the filler concentration for both silver‐ and aluminum‐filled PMMA. Silane‐treated metalized PMMA showed reduction in tensile and flexural strength at 30% concentration. Metalized dentures led to an appreciable increase in thermal perception by the participants of this study.
Assessment of Occlusion Curriculum in Predoctoral Dental Education: Report from ACP Task Force on Occlusion Education
Authors: Lee Damian J. , Wiens Jonathan P. , Ference John , Donatelli David , Smith Rick M. , Dye Bryan D. , Obrez Ales , Lang Lisa A. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractPurpose: The purposes of this report were to (1) assess the current occlusion curriculum in the predoctoral prosthodontic education of US dental institutions and (2) to examine the opinions of faculty, course directors, and program directors on the contents of occlusion curriculum.Materials and Methods: The Task Force on Occlusion Education from the American College of Prosthodontists (ACP) conducted two surveys using a web‐based survey engine: one to assess the current status of occlusion education in predoctoral dental education and another to examine the opinions of faculty and course directors on the content of occlusion curriculum. The sections in the surveys included demographic information, general curriculum information, occlusion curriculum for dentate patients, occlusion curriculum for removable prosthodontics, occlusion curriculum for implant prosthodontics, temporomandibular disorder (TMD) curriculum, teaching philosophy, concepts taught, and methods of assessment. The results from the surveys were compiled and analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results from the two surveys on general concepts taught in occlusion curriculum were sorted and compared for discrepancies.Results: According to the predoctoral occlusion curriculum surveys, canine guidance was preferred for dentate patients, fixed prosthodontics, and fixed implant prosthodontics. Bilateral balanced occlusion was preferred for removable prosthodontics and removable implant prosthodontics. There were minor differences between the two surveys regarding the occlusion concepts being taught and the opinions of faculty members teaching occlusion.Conclusion: Two surveys were conducted regarding the current concepts being taught in occlusion curriculum and the opinions of educators on what should be taught in occlusion curriculum. An updated and clearly defined curriculum guideline addressing occlusion in fixed prosthodontics, removable prosthodontics, implant prosthodontics, and TMD is needed.
The Forsaken‐Liberty Syndrome: Looking at Published Judgments to Say Whether Economists Reach a Conclusion
Authors: Klein Daniel B. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractDo economists reach a conclusion on a given policy issue? One way to answer the question is to survey economists at large. Another is to look at the published judgments of economists who have gone on the record. Relative to an anonymous survey, going on the record makes for much greater accountability, and presumably more personal responsibility. I discuss 11 studies of economists’ published judgments. Several of them show greater support for liberalization than found among economists at large. This is offered as evidence of what I call the forsaken‐liberty syndrome. I discuss the nature of this test of such syndrome and point to some of the larger questions to which it relates.
Economic Methodology and Nobel Laureates: Confirmation of a Methodological Paradigm Shift
Authors: Douglass Brian 
Published: November 2012

AbstractMeir Kohn () argues that two methodologies, the “value paradigm” and the “exchange paradigm,” dominate modern economics with the equilibrium‐focused value paradigm increasingly replaced by the more successful exchange paradigm. This article examines the question of modern economic methodologies and seeks to determine if the shift described by Kohn can be seen in the winners of the Nobel Prize in Economics (1969–2010). Trends in Nobel laureates suggest that Kohn's depiction of the two paradigms and their relationship appears accurate.
Structure and Protein Composition of a Basal‐Body Scaffold (“Cage”) in the Hypotrich Ciliate Euplotes
Authors: Kloetzel John A. , Brann Terrence W. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractCilia on the ventral surface of the hypotrich ciliate Euplotes are clustered into polykinetids or compound ciliary organelles, such as cirri or oral membranelles, used in locomotion and prey capture. A single polykinetid may contain more than 150 individual cilia; these emerge from basal bodies held in a closely spaced array within a scaffold or framework structure that has been referred to as a basal‐body “cage”. Cage structures were isolated free of cilia and basal bodies; the predominant component of such cages was found on polyacrylamide gels to be a 45‐kDa polypeptide. Antisera were raised against this protein band and used for immunolocalizations at the light and electron microscope levels. Indirect immunofluorescence revealed the 45‐kDa polypeptide to be localized exclusively to the bases of the ventral polykinetids. Immunogold staining of thin sections of intact cells further localized this reactivity to filaments of a double‐layered dense lattice that appears to link adjoining basal bodies into ordered arrays within each polykinetid. Scanning electron microscopy of isolated cages reveals the lower or “basal” cage layer to be a fine lacey meshwork supporting the basal bodies at their proximal ends; adjoining basal bodies are held at their characteristic spacing by filaments of an upper or “medial” cage layer. The isolated cage thus resembles a miniature test‐tube rack, able to accommodate varying arrangements of basal‐body rows, depending on the particular type of polykinetid. Because of its clear and specific localization to the basal‐body cages in Euplotes, we have termed this novel 45‐kDa protein “cagein”.
In Situ Quantitative Measurement of Rare Earth Elements in Uranium Oxides by Laser Ablation‐Inductively Coupled Plasma‐Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Lach Philippe , Mercadier Julien , Dubessy Jean , Boiron Marie‐Christine , Cuney Michel 
Published: November 2012

Advances in the quantification of rare earth elements (REE) at the micrometric scale in uranium oxides by laser ablation‐inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry are described. The determination of the best analytical conditions was tested using a uranium oxide (Mistamisk) the concentrations of REE in which were previously estimated by other techniques. Comparison between the use of U or Pb as an internal standard clearly showed a diameter‐dependent fractionation effect related to Pb at small crater diameters (16 and 24 μm), which was not found for U. The quantification of REE contents in uranium oxide samples using both matrix‐matched (uranium oxide) and non‐matrix‐matched (NIST SRM 610 certified glass) external calibrators displayed no significant difference, demonstrating a limited matrix effect for REE determination by LA‐ICP‐MS. Moreover, no major interferences on REEs were detected. The proposed methodology (NIST SRM 610 as external calibrator and U as internal standard) was applied to samples from uranium deposits from around the world. The results showed that LA‐ICP‐MS is a suitable analytical technique to determine REE down to the μg g−1 level in uranium oxides at the micrometre scale and that this technique can provide significant insights into uranium metallogeny.
Migrant health in New Zealand: exploring issues concerning medicines access and use
Authors: Babar Zaheer-Ud-Din , Pengelly Kelly , Scahill Shane L , Garg Sanjay , Shaw John 
Published: November 2012

Abstract

Objectives
Every year a cohort of new migrants enters New Zealand (NZ), bringing challenges that impact on medicines use and health outcomes. The prescribing of medicines is a common therapeutic intervention and access to medicines and optimal use cannot be assumed for these populations. Internationally the literature exploring issues relating to medicines access and use by migrants in high-income countries is scarce. This study aims to explore attitudes, beliefs and perceptions of a cohort of migrants about medicines access and use in NZ.

Methods
A qualitative research methodology was employed with participants being recruited through snowballing techniques and interviewed (seven Indian and four Chinese). Following consent, a semi-structured guide was used for discussions. Themes were developed from codes based on the guide. These themes were developed by two members of the research team and reviewed by a third member.

Results
Emergent themes reflected the following dialogue: (a) financial barriers: paying doctor and pharmacist, lack of affordability of over-the-counter medicines, sharing medicines with family and friends; (b) information transfer and knowledge of rules, systems and initiatives, particularly regarding subsidies and brand switching; (c) misconceptions due to culture and language barriers, including not understanding information and lack of compliance in symptom-free disease; (d) perceptions of high quality in prescription medicines; (e) non-disclosure of traditional medicine use and (f) variability of community pharmacy service provision, especially counselling.

Conclusions
Significant barriers to access and optimal use of medicines by new migrants in NZ were identified. Policy change and educational interventions are likely to be required to improve medicines-related health care to migrant New Zealanders. Future research will need to quantify the extent of the issues and interventions should be developed and evaluated as ongoing research.
The effect of periodontal treatment in improving erectile dysfunction: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Eltas Abubekir , Oguz Fatih , Uslu Mustafa Ozay , Akdemir Ender 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the study was to evaluate changes in the International Index of Erectile Dysfunction (IIEF) score following periodontal treatment in patients who had severe or moderate erectile dysfunction (ED) and chronic periodontitis (CP).Materials and methodsThe authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. The study population consisted of 120 patients with severe or moderate ED and CP. The treatment group (n = 60) comprised patients who received periodontal treatment, whereas the control group (n = 60) comprised patients who did not receive periodontal treatment. The clinical assessments were recorded at baseline, and at 1 month (R1) and 3 months (R2) after intervention for both groups. The periodontal examination involved assessment of the plaque index, bleeding on probing, probing depth and clinical attachment level. The IIEF questionnaire was used to assess the severity of ED.ResultsIn the treatment group, the improvement in all clinical periodontal parameters was greater than that in the control group, at both R1 and R2 (p < 0.05). The increase in the IIEF scores of the treatment group at R2 was higher than that of the control group (p < 0.05), whereas the IIEF scores were similar for both groups at R1 (p > 0.05).ConclusionThe findings of the study suggest that periodontal treatment can provide additional benefits in the improvement of ED. However, further studies are needed to understand the mechanisms of interaction between these diseases.
Full‐mouth disinfection as a therapeutic protocol for type‐2 diabetic subjects with chronic periodontitis: Twelve‐month clinical outcomes. A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Santos Vanessa R. , Lima Jadson A. , Miranda Tamires S. , Gonçalves Tiago E. D. , Figueiredo Luciene C. , Faveri Marcelo , Duarte Poliana M. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAimThe aim of this randomized controlled clinical trial was to evaluate the clinical effects of chlorhexidine (CHX) application in a full‐mouth disinfection (FMD) protocol in poorly controlled type‐2 diabetic subjects with generalized chronic periodontitis.Material and MethodsThirty‐eight subjects were randomly assigned into FMD group (n=19): full‐mouth scaling and root planing (FMSRP) within 24 h + local application of CHX gel + CHX rinses for 60 days or Control group (n = 19): FMSRP within 24 h + local application of placebo gel + placebo rinses for 60 days. Clinical parameters, glycated haemoglobin and fasting plasma glucose were assessed at baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months post‐therapies.ResultsAll clinical parameters improved significantly at 3, 6 and 12 months post‐therapies for both groups (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences between groups for any clinical parameters, and glycemic condition at any time‐point (p > 0.05).ConclusionsThe treatments did not differ with respect to clinical parameters, including the primary outcome variable (i.e. changes in clinical attachment level in deep pockets), for up to 12 months post‐treatments.
Optimization and field evaluation of the sex pheromone of Trichophysetis cretacea (Lepidoptera, Crambidae) for pest monitoring
Authors: Gu P , Peng C.‐L. , Li J. , Feng C.‐H. , Li P. , Du Y.‐J. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractField studies using the synthetic sex pheromone of Trichophysetis cretacea, a trinary blend of (Z)‐11‐hexadecenyl acetate (Z11‐16:OAc), (Z)‐11‐hexadecenal (Z11‐16:Ald) and (Z)‐11‐hexadecenol (Z11‐16:OH), were performed in Sichuan to determine operational parameters for detection and control, such as dispenser type, blend ratio, dosage, and trap type, height and density. Of three pheromone dispensers tested, grey halo‐butyl isoprene elastomeric septa were significantly more effective than polyvinyl chloride capillary tubing or silicone rubber septa. The ratio of the three components in the blend significantly affected moth catch. In the halo‐butyl isoprene septa, the most effective ratio was 5 : 2 : 1 Z11‐16:OAc:Z11‐16:Ald:Z11‐16:OH. Sticky wing traps caught significantly more moths than water, noctuid moth or cone funnel traps. The most effective height at which wing traps were hung was 20 cm above the jasmine plants. Optimum trap density was 45 traps per hectare. Addition of volatile jasmine compounds did not increase the attractiveness of the sex pheromone. A dosage of 50 μg Z11‐16:OAc per lure was most effective in the autumn weather conditions of Quanwei. These data provide sufficient information to develop effective protocols for using the T. cretacea pheromone to detect and monitor this pest in the jasmine fields.
Adult neural stem cells: an endogenous tool to repair brain injury?
Authors: Bellenchi Gian Carlo , Volpicelli Floriana , Piscopo Valerio , Perrone‐Capano Carla , di Porzio Umberto 
Published: November 2012

AbstractResearch on stem cells has developed as one of the most promising areas of neurobiology. In the beginning of the 1990s, neurogenesis in the adult brain was indisputably accepted, eliciting great research efforts. Neural stem cells in the adult mammalian brain are located in the ‘neurogenic’ areas of the subventricular and subgranular zones. Nevertheless, many reports indicate that they subsist in other regions of the adult brain. Adult neural stem cells have arisen considerable interest as these studies can be useful to develop new methods to replace damaged neurons and treat severe neurological diseases such as neurodegeneration, stroke or spinal cord lesions. In particular, a promising field is aimed at stimulating or trigger a self‐repair system in the diseased brain driven by its own stem cell population. Here, we will revise the latest findings on the characterization of active and quiescent adult neural stem cells in the main regions of neurogenesis and the factors necessary to maintain their active and resting states, stimulate migration and homing in diseased areas, hoping to outline the emerging knowledge for the promotion of regeneration in the brain based on endogenous stem cells.
The Double Edge of Ambiguity in Strategic Planning
Authors: Abdallah Chahrazad , Langley Ann 
Published: November 2012

AbstractWhile the communications and strategy literatures have suggested that ambiguity embedded in texts such as strategic plans many enable the accommodation of divergent perspectives and contribute to building consensus and commitment, little is known about the consequences of such ambiguity for the consumption of strategy discourse or for the enactment of planned strategy. In a case study of strategic planning in a cultural organization, we identify three forms of ambiguity embedded in the strategy text, and show how these features generate different forms of consumption among organization members. We find that strategic ambiguity initially plays an enabling role as participants engage in enacting their respective interpretations of strategy. However, over time, the mobilizing effects of strategic ambiguity lead to internal contradiction and overextension. The study contributes by exploring empirically the double‐edged nature of strategic ambiguity, and by identifying the underlying mechanisms by which its paradoxical consequences emerge. We show that while ambiguous strategy discourse enables strategic development and change, it may contain the seeds of its own dissolution contributing to cyclical patterns of strategy development and reorientation.