bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Th17 can regulate silica‐induced lung inflammation through an IL‐1β‐dependent mechanism
Authors: Song Laiyu , Weng Dong , Dai Wujing , Tang Wen , Chen Shi , Li Chao , Chen Ying , Liu Fangwei , Chen Jie 
Published: August 2014

AbstractSilicosis is an occupational lung disease caused by the inhalation of silica dust and characterized by lung inflammation and fibrosis. Interleukin (IL)‐1β is induced by silica and functions as the key pro‐inflammatory cytokine in this process. The Th17 response, which is induced by IL‐1β, has been reported very important in chronic human lung inflammatory diseases. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms of IL‐1β and IL‐17 in silicosis, we used anakinra and an anti‐IL‐17 monoclonal antibody (mAb) to block the receptor of IL‐1β (IL‐RI) and IL‐17, respectively, in a mouse model of silicosis. We observed increased IL‐1β expression and an enhanced Th17 response after silica instillation. Treatment with an IL‐1 type I receptor (IL‐1RI) antagonist anakinra substantially decreased silica‐induced lung inflammation and the Th17 response. Lung inflammation and the accumulation of inflammatory cells were attenuated in the IL‐17‐neutralized silicosis group. IL‐17 may promote lung inflammation by modulating the differentiation of Th1 and regulatory T cells (Tregs) and by regulating the production of IL‐22 and IL‐1β during the lung inflammation of silicosis. Silica may induce IL‐1β production from alveolar macrophages and promote inflammation by initiating a Th17 response via an IL‐1β/IL‐1RI‐dependent mechanism. The Th17 response could induce lung inflammation during the pathogenesis of silicosis by regulating the homoeostasis of the Th immune responses and affecting the production of IL‐22 and IL‐1β. This study describes a potentially important inflammatory mechanism of silicosis that may bring about novel therapies for this inflammatory and fibrotic disease.
Integration without Representation? The European Parliament and the Reform of Economic Governance in the EU
Authors: Rittberger Berthold 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWhile the Lisbon Treaty has been heralded as victory for the European Parliament, the crisis‐related reforms of the European Union's economic governance regime are commonly being considered to have empowered governments and supranational institutions – such as the Commission and ECB – at the expense of the EP and national parliaments. This article argues that the picture is more nuanced than suggested by the conventional wisdom: legitimacy‐seeking and interinstitutional bargaining arguments, which have been applied effectively to account for the expansion of the EP's power in the past, highlight the conditions under which the EP's struggle for more institutional power is either met with success (as in the case of the single supervisory mechanism) or faces virtually insurmountable obstacles (as in the case of the Troika and the European Stability Mechanism).
Hepatitis B virus infection and metabolic syndrome: Fact or fiction?
Authors: Wang Chia‐Chi , Tseng Tai‐Chung , Kao Jia‐Horng 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAlthough hepatitis C virus infection is known to be linked with insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hepatic steatosis, the relationship between hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and metabolic factors remains unclear. HBV infection is a health problem worldwide, especially in endemic regions such as Asia and Africa. It induces liver decompensation, cirrhosis, hepatocellualr carcinoma, and premature mortality. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome continues to increase in parallel with the epidemic of obesity, which is closely associated with the development of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, or even cancer. The systemic review shows that chronic HBV infection protects against instead of promotes fatty liver. The mechanism is possibly due to a lower frequency of dyslipidemia profile in patients with chronic HBV infection. The association of HBV with metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, and the risk of arteriosclerosis is still inconclusive. In addition, obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome may accelerate the progression of liver disease in patients with chronic HBV infection and synergistically induce cirrhosis or even hepatocellualr carcinoma development.
Irritable bowel syndrome: A comparison of subtypes
Authors: Rey de Castro Nicolas G , Miller Vivien , Carruthers Helen R , Whorwell Peter J 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackground and AimIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is traditionally divided into subtypes depending on the bowel habit abnormality, but there is little clarity in the literature about whether these subtypes differ symptomatically or psychologically. Furthermore, there are conflicting reports on the relationship between symptom severity and psychological status. The aim of this study was to address these issues in a large cohort of patients defined by bowel habit.MethodsOne thousand IBS patients were divided into diarrhea (IBS‐D), constipation (IBS‐C), and mixed (IBS‐M) bowel habit subtypes and completed a series of validated questionnaires capturing symptom severity, non‐colonic symptomatology (somatization), quality of life, and anxiety or depression levels. Comparisons were made using SPSS version 20.ResultsThere were no significant differences between the three subtypes with respect to symptom severity, abdominal pain intensity, non‐colonic symptomatology, quality of life, and anxiety or depression scores (all Ps > 0.05). In addition, there was only a small but statistically significant correlation between IBS symptom severity and both anxiety or depression, as well as quality of life (highest r = 0.34), while the relationship between somatization and disease severity was moderate (r = 0.42).ConclusionThis study suggests that there are no differences in the symptom profiles and anxiety or depression scores between different subtypes of IBS. In addition, anxiety and depression do not appear to be strongly associated with symptom severity, although this does not exclude the possible interplay between these and other psychological drivers of severity, such as poor coping skills.
‘It's made all of us bond since that course…’ – a qualitative study of service users' experiences of a CBT anger management group intervention
Authors: MacMahon P. , Stenfert Kroese B. , Jahoda A. , Stimpson A. , Rose N. , Rose J. , Townson J. , Hood K. , Willner P. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackgroundPeople with intellectual disabilities (ID) are rarely asked about their experiences as users of psychological services and little is known about the views of clients withIDwho have undergone cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). This study aimed to gather the views of adults withIDwho had recently taken part in a cluster randomised control trial (RCT) of a staff‐delivered manualisedCBTanger management group intervention.MethodA qualitative method, Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA), was employed and eleven participants were interviewed. The interviews took place after the intervention, within two weeks of the end of the group, to gain an understanding of service users' experiences of participating in aCBTgroup.ResultsIPAof the interview transcripts indicated that the intervention was experienced as effective and enjoyable and a number of themes were identified including: ‘the importance of relationships’, ‘a new me’, ‘new and improved relationships’, ‘presenting myself in a positive light’ and ‘what the group didn't change’.ConclusionsThe results will be discussed in the context of applying groupCBTfor adults withIDand implications for service development.
Intercultural ‘Traffique’ in Fulke Greville's Mustapha
Authors: Röder Katrin 
Published: August 2014

AbstractRecent research in the field of early modern representations of the Islamic world has shown that the conceptions of Self and Other in the early modern period were more ambiguous and fluid than in later Orientalist discourse. This article seeks to place Fulke Greville's tragedy Mustapha (published in 1609 and in 1633 in different versions) in the context of critical discussions about English representations of Muslims and the Islamic world during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries and shows that it contributes to the great variety of portrayals of Muslims in early modern English drama. Jonathan Burton has commented on the tragedy's expression of religious and political tolerance and has explained it mainly as an ‘accident of the story’ (Burton, Traffic and Turning 193). This article probes into this ‘accident of the story’ and explores the source material, which was available to Greville. It demonstrates that Greville's nuanced portrayal of Muslims is the outcome of his creative appropriation of his sources and of contemporary representations of Muslims and the Ottoman Empire, especially of its practices of power. In the following, Mustapha is not discussed primarily with regard to its representation of morally depraved or admirable Muslims because these categories over‐simplify the varied portrayal of Muslims in early modern English drama in general. Instead, this article shows that the significance of Greville's appropriation of his source material for the tragedy as a whole lies in his discussion of the political and philosophical implications of an event in Ottoman history. The following analysis seeks to demonstrate that this discussion resists aesthetic as well as political closure.
China and the English Enlightenment: Literature, Aesthetics, and Commerce
Authors: Markley Robert 
Published: August 2014

AbstractChina played a crucial role in the transformation of English ideas of civilization, enlightenment, and aesthetics during the 18th century. Well into the century, China served two crucial and imaginary roles for British readers: it offered the fantasy of both an insatiable market for British exports and an inexhaustible storehouse of luxury goods (from tea to textiles) that could be paid for by exports rather than silver bullion. Such idealizations of China, however, began to corrode over the course of the 18th century as porcelain, silk, tea, and other commodities became markers of a culturally feminized chinoiserie for novelists like Daniel Defoe. As tastes changed and chinoiserie began to fall out of favor, it still continued to mark changing aesthetic attitudes and changing perceptions of social, gender, and national identity. By the late 18th century, British accounts of the Canton trade became important sites for debating cultural difference and philosophical enlightenment for theorists from Adam Smith to Karl Marx.
Linking oxygen availability with membrane potential maintenance and K+ retention of barley roots: implications for waterlogging stress tolerance
Authors: ZENG FANRONG , KONNERUP DENNIS , SHABALA LANA , ZHOU MEIXUE , COLMER TIMOTHY DAVID , ZHANG GUOPING , SHABALA SERGEY 
Published: August 2014

AbstractOxygen deprivation is a key determinant of root growth and functioning under waterlogging. In this work, changes in net K+ flux and membrane potential (MP) of root cells were measured from elongation and mature zones of two barley varieties under hypoxia and anoxia conditions in the medium, and as influenced by ability to transport O2 from the shoot. We show that O2 deprivation results in an immediate K+ loss from roots, in a tissue‐ and time‐specific manner, affecting root K+ homeostasis. Both anoxia and hypoxia induced transient membrane depolarization; the extent of this depolarization varied depending on severity of O2 stress and was less pronounced in a waterlogging‐tolerant variety. Intact roots of barley were capable of maintaining H+‐pumping activity under hypoxic conditions while disrupting O2 transport from shoot to root resulted in more pronounced membrane depolarization under O2‐limited conditions and in anoxia a rapid loss of the cell viability. It is concluded that the ability of root cells to maintain MP and cytosolic K+ homeostasis is central to plant performance under waterlogging, and efficient O2 transport from the shoot may enable operation of the plasma membrane H+‐ATPase in roots even under conditions of severe O2 limitation in the soil solution.
Microbial Community Composition in a Rehabilitated Bauxite Residue Disposal Area: A Case Study for Improving Microbial Community Composition
Authors: Courtney Ronan , Harris Jim A. , Pawlett Mark 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe chemical composition of rehabilitated Bauxite Residue Disposal Areas (BRDA) remains the primary indicator of rehabilitation success, with little consideration of microbial community development. We investigated links between the chemical and microbial components of rehabilitated residue at the Aughinish Alumina BRDA (Ireland). Rehabilitated was compared to unamended residue and to an analogy reference soil from unmanaged grassland within the refinery boundary. Bauxite residue comprised of areas with 1, 11, and 12 years following rehabilitation establishment, and gypsum applied at 45 and 90 t/ha. The unamended residue was typical of bauxite residues with high pH (10), sodicity (exchangeable sodium percentage [ESP]‐79), exchangeable sodium (19 cmol/kg), salinity (electrical conductivity [EC] 2.6 mS/cm), and low/negligible nutrient content, microbial biomass (71 µg‐C/g), and fungal phospholipid fatty acid (PLF). Microbial biomass increased 10‐fold with only 1 year of rehabilitation. Gypsum application rate had no effect on microbial biomass. Phospholipid fatty acid analysis (PLFA) demonstrated the emergence of distinct microbial community dependent on rehabilitation time and gypsum application rates. Changes of PLFA profiles were correlated (multiple regressions analysis) to shifts in residue chemical properties (sodicity, organic C, total C, total N, salinity, Mg). An increase of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi fatty acid (16:1ω5) with reducing pH has implications on rehabilitation practices. The microbial characteristics of the rehabilitated residue were approaching that of a soil from an unmanaged reference site adjacent to the working site. Gypsum affected PLFA properties, and thereby application has implications for rehabilitation success. For successful ecosystem reconstruction, it is critical that rehabilitation practices consider microbial development.
Class Dismissed: Putting Social Class on the Critical Psychological Agenda
Authors: Day Katy , Rickett Bridgette , Woolhouse Maxine 
Published: August 2014

AbstractDespite persuasive arguments pertaining to the importance of social class in the shaping of human life, this has and continues to be neglected within psychological research. Using primarily a UK focus, we begin by outlining some of the ways in which ‘mainstream’ psychology typically conceptualises class (e.g. socio‐economic status) and argue that such an approach has a number of detrimental implications, for example, neglecting structural inequalities and oppression and ‘othering’ the working class. We then present a selection of ‘critical’ and feminist‐informed research on social class which, we argue, offers a more holistic and sophisticated understanding of class and, in particular, draws attention to the complexities involved in how people experience, understand and construct class, classed identities and class transitions. Further, such work provides insight into the many ways in which people reproduce, re‐work and resist classed discourse in everyday contexts such as the home, work place and beyond. However, we acknowledge the need for investigation into how those with more economic power justify class privilege and discursively protect and maintain their status.
Implicit and Explicit Evaluation: A Brief Review of the Associative–Propositional Evaluation Model
Authors: Gawronski Bertram , Bodenhausen Galen V. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractA central theme in contemporary psychology is the distinction between implicit and explicit evaluation. Research has shown various dissociations between the two kinds of evaluations, including different antecedents, different consequences, and discrepant evaluations of the same object. The current article provides a brief review of the associative–propositional evaluation (APE) model, which accounts for these dissociations by conceptualizing implicit and explicit evaluations as the behavioral outcomes of two functionally distinct, yet mutually interacting, mental processes. Whereas implicit evaluations are assumed to be the outcome of associative processes, explicit evaluations are conceptualized as the outcome of propositional processes. Associative processes determine the activation of mental contents on the basis of feature similarity and spatiotemporal contiguity; propositional processes involve the validation of activated mental contents on the basis of cognitive consistency. The APE model includes specific assumptions about mutual interactions between the two processes, implying precise predictions about converging versus diverging patterns of implicit and explicit evaluation.
This Is Like That: Metaphors in Public Discourse Shape Attitudes
Authors: Landau Mark J. , Keefer Lucas A. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractA metaphoric framing is a message comparing an abstract concept (e.g., the economy) to a dissimilar concept that is more concrete and easier to comprehend (e.g., a vehicle). Metaphoric framings are commonly used in public discourse (e.g., magazine editorials, political campaign advertisements) to communicate about controversial sociopolitical issues. These messages are not mere figures of speech. Mounting evidence shows that even brief exposure to a metaphoric framing can prompt observers to transfer their knowledge of the metaphor's concrete concept to interpret analogous features of the target issue, even though the two concepts are superficially quite different. This article reviews this evidence, demonstrating that the metaphors pervading everyday communication uniquely shape how people think and feel about a host of important issues. The authors draw on theories of motivated social cognition to chart avenues for future research on the situational factors that moderate metaphor's impact on attitudes.
Characterization of urinary CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in kidney transplantation patients with polyomavirus BK infection and allograft rejection
Authors: van Doesum W.B. , Abdulahad W.H. , van Dijk M.C.R.F. , Dolff S. , van Son W.J. , Stegeman C.A. , Sanders J.S.F. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackground and objectivesThe objective of this study was to characterize CD4+ and CD8+ T‐cell populations in blood and urine of renal transplant patients with BK virus (BKV) infection or allograft rejection.Materials and methodsPercentages and absolute numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ effector memory T‐cell subtype (TEM) and terminal differentiated T cells (TTD) in renal transplant patients with BKV infection (n = 14), with an episode of allograft rejection (n = 9), and in uncomplicated renal transplant patients with a stable kidney function (n = 12) were measured and compared using 4‐color fluorescence‐activated cell sorting. Results were correlated with the number of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in renal biopsies.ResultsIn patients with allograft rejection, the number of urinary CD4+ TEM and CD8+ TEM cells was significantly increased compared to patients with BKV infection or patients without complications. Positive correlation was found between the number of CD4+ and CD8+ cells in the renal biopsies and the number of CD4+ and CD8+ cells in urine. In patients with rejection, after 2 months of immunosuppressive therapy, a reduction in urinary CD8+ TEM cells was found.ConclusionsCD4+ TEM and CD8+ TEM cells in urine could be a marker to distinguish allograft rejection from BKV‐associated nephropathy and to monitor therapy effectiveness in renal transplant patients with allograft rejection.
On the quaternion -isogeny path problem
Authors: Kohel David , Lauter Kristin , Petit Christophe , Tignol Jean-Pierre 
Published: August 2014

AbstractLet $\mathcal{O}$ be a maximal order in a definite quaternion algebra over $\mathbb{Q}$ of prime discriminant $p$, and $\ell $ a small prime. We describe a probabilistic algorithm which, for a given left $\mathcal{O}$-ideal, computes a representative in its left ideal class of $\ell $-power norm. In practice the algorithm is efficient and, subject to heuristics on expected distributions of primes, runs in expected polynomial time. This solves the underlying problem for a quaternion analog of the Charles–Goren–Lauter hash function, and has security implications for the original CGL construction in terms of supersingular elliptic curves.
Nitro/Nitrosyl-Ruthenium Complexes Are Potent and Selective Anti-Trypanosoma cruzi Agents Causing Autophagy and Necrotic Parasite Death
Authors: Bastos Tanira M. , Barbosa Marília I. F. , da Silva Monize M. , da C. Júnior José W. , Meira Cássio S. , Guimaraes Elisalva T. , Ellena Javier , Moreira Diogo R. M. , Batista Alzir A. , Soares Milena B. P. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACT

cis
-[RuCl(NO
2
)(dppb)(5,5′-mebipy)] (complex 1),
cis
-[Ru(NO
2
)
2
(dppb)(5,5′-mebipy)] (complex 2),
ct
-[RuCl(NO)(dppb)(5,5′-mebipy)](PF
6
)
2
(complex 3), and
cc
-[RuCl(NO)(dppb)(5,5′-mebipy)](PF
6
)
2
(complex 4), where 5,5′-mebipy is 5,5′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine and dppb is 1,4-
bis
(diphenylphosphino)butane, were synthesized and characterized. The structure of complex 2 was determined by X-ray crystallography. These complexes exhibited a higher anti-
Trypanosoma cruzi
activity than benznidazole, the current antiparasitic drug. Complex 3 was the most potent, displaying a 50% effective concentration (EC
50
) of 2.1 ± 0.6 μM against trypomastigotes and a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC
50
) of 1.3 ± 0.2 μM against amastigotes, while it displayed a 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC
50
) of 51.4 ± 0.2 μM in macrophages. It was observed that the nitrosyl complex 3, but not its analog lacking the nitrosyl group, releases nitric oxide into parasite cells. This release has a diminished effect on the trypanosomal protease cruzain but induces substantial parasite autophagy, which is followed by a series of irreversible morphological impairments to the parasites and finally results in cell death by necrosis. In infected mice, orally administered complex 3 (five times at a dose of 75 μmol/kg of body weight) reduced blood parasitemia and increased the survival rate of the mice. Combination index analysis of complex 3 indicated that its
in vitro
activity against trypomastigotes is synergic with benznidazole. In addition, drug combination enhanced efficacy in infected mice, suggesting that ruthenium-nitrosyl complexes are potential constituents for drug combinations.