bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ontogenetic changes in seminal fluid gene expression and the protein composition of cricket seminal fluid
Authors: Simmons Leigh W. , Beveridge Maxine , Li Lie , Tan Yew‐Foon , Millar A. Harvey 
Published: March 2014

SUMMARYThe ejaculates of most internally fertilizing species consists of both sperm and seminal fluid proteins. Seminal fluid proteins have been studied largely in relation to their post‐mating effects on female reproductive physiology, and predominantly in genomically well‐characterized species. Seminal fluids can also play important roles in sperm maturation and performance. In the field cricket Teleogryllus oceanicus the viability of ejaculated sperm increases as males age, as does their competitive fertilization success. Here, using quantitative proteomics and quantitative real‐time PCR, we document ontogenetic changes in seminal fluid protein abundance and in seminal fluid gene expression. We identified at least nine proteins that changed in abundance in the seminal fluid of crickets as they aged. Gene expression was quantified for five seminal fluid protein genes, and in four of these gene expression changed as males aged. These ontogenetic changes were associated with a general increase in the size of the male accessory glands. Several of the seminal fluid proteins that we have identified are novel, and some have BLAST matches to proteins implicated in sperm function. Our data suggest that age related changes in competitive fertilization success may be dependent on seminal fluid chemistry.
Contrary effects of leaf position and identity on oviposition and larval feeding patterns of the diamondback moth
Authors: Ang Gurion C.K. , Silva Rehan , Maxwell Sean L. , Zalucki Myron P. , Furlong Michael J. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe influence of leaf position and leaf identity on oviposition and neonate feeding site establishment by the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), were investigated in laboratory experiments. Leaves were excised from cabbage [Brassica oleracea L. capitata, cv. Sugarloaf (Brassicaceae)] and the plants reconfigured on artificial stems made from oasis floral foam. Excised leaves were arranged in their normal (natural) order, in reverse order, or in random order. Relative leaf position, but not leaf identity, significantly influenced the choice of oviposition site; when exposed to female moths, leaves in the lowest three positions always received most eggs. To eliminate the effect of leaf position, oviposition experiments were conducted on excised leaves held at uniform height in individual blocks of oasis foam that had been randomly allocated to a position in a circle at the base of an oviposition cage. Moths laid significantly more eggs on younger leaves, but egg density per unit area did not vary among leaves, supporting the finding that leaf identity did not affect moth oviposition. In experiments that investigated the establishment of neonate feeding sites in reconfigured plants, feeding sites were always concentrated on the youngest two leaves of plants, regardless of their position in normal‐, reverse‐, and random‐order plant configurations. This indicates that leaf identity rather than leaf position determines the site of neonate feeding site establishment. The contrary effects of leaf identity and leaf position on oviposition and neonate feeding site establishment in the same species suggests that different life stages utilize different plant cues (perhaps both physical and chemical) in life stage‐specific ways.
Strategies of attack and defence in woody plant–Phytophthora interactions
Authors: Oßwald W. , Fleischmann F. , Rigling D. , Coelho A. C. , Cravador A. , Diez J. , Dalio R. J. , Horta Jung M. , Pfanz H. , Robin C. , Sipos G. , Solla A. , Cech T. , Chambery A. , Diamandis S. , Hansen E. , Jung T. , Orlikowski L. B. , Parke J. , Prospero S. , Werres S. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryThis review comprises both well‐known and recently described Phytophthora species and concentrates on Phytophthora–woody plant interactions. First, comprehensive data on infection strategies are presented which were the basis for three models that explain invasion and spread of Phytophthora pathogens in different woody host plants. The first model describes infection of roots, the second concentrates on invasion of the trunk, and the last one summarizes infection and invasion of host plants via leaves. On the basis of morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular data, scenarios are suggested which explain the sequences of reactions that occur in susceptible and tolerant plants following infections of roots or of stem bark. Particular emphasis is paid to the significance of Phytophthora elicitins for such host–pathogen interactions. The overall goal is to shed light on the sequences of pathogenesis to better understand how Phytophthora pathogens harm their host plants.
The Problems of a Priori Categorisation of Agonism and Cooperation: Circle‐Tube Interactions in Two Allodapine Bees
Authors: Dew Rebecca M. , Gardner Michael G. , Schwarz Michael P. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractCircle‐tube experiments have been widely used to both examine nestmate recognition in social and solitary insects, as well as to characterise interactions in terms of agonism, cooperation, and avoidance. Despite their use in studies of halictid bees, carpenter bees, adrenid bees, and wasps, they have never been used to explore social interactions in the bee tribe Allodapini, where sociality varies widely in terms of complexity. Here, we investigate behaviours displayed within the highly eusocial allodapine Exoneurella tridentata and the facultatively social Exoneura robusta, using a standardised circle‐tube apparatus. We present two broad and important results: (i) Discrimination between nestmates and non‐nestmates is much more strongly expressed in the facultatively social species and (ii) principal components analyses do not indicate suites of behaviours that permit clear interpretations as being agonistic, cooperative, or avoidance. Our first set of results suggests that nestmate recognition is not an essential ability for social species. Our second set of results raise important questions about a priori functional categorisations of behaviours and whether these can be used to reliably classify observed behaviours as either avoidance, cooperation, or aggression. Our analyses highlight the risks of interpreting social insect interactions and call for a more cautious approach.
Hatching Asynchrony Decreases the Magnitude of Parental Care in Domesticated Zebra Finches: Empirical Support for the Peak Load Reduction Hypothesis
Authors: Mainwaring Mark C. , Lucy David , Hartley Ian R. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractParent–offspring conflict over the supply of parental care results in offspring attempting to exert control using begging behaviours and parents attempting to exert control by manipulating brood sizes and hatching patterns. The peak load reduction hypothesis proposes that parents can exert control via hatching asynchrony, as the level of competition amongst siblings is determined by their age differences and not by their growth rates. Theoretically, this benefits the parents by reducing both the peak load of the offspring's demand and their overall demand for food and benefits the offspring by reducing the amplification of their competition. However, the peak load reduction hypothesis has only received mixed support. Here, we describe an experiment where we manipulated the hatching patterns of domesticated zebra finchTaeniopygia guttatabroods and quantified patterns of nestling begging and parental feeding effort. There was no difference in the begging intensity of nestlings raised in asynchronous or experimentally synchronous broods, yet parental feeding effort was lower when provisioning asynchronous broods and particularly so when levels of nestling begging were low. Further, both parents acted in unison, as there was no evidence of parentally biased favouritism in relation to hatching pattern. Therefore, our study provided empirical support for the prediction that hatching asynchrony reduces the feeding effort of parents, thereby providing empirical support for the peak load reduction hypothesis.
Attunement and Fidelity: Two Ontological Conditions for Morally Being‐in‐the‐World
Authors: Zigon Jarrett 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAn anthropology of moralities would do well to move beyond traditional moral concepts in the realization that most moral lives and ethical projects—what we might call moral experience—are lived according to an entirely other set of moral concepts that are concerned with dwelling in the world, that is, with expanding, maintaining, repairing, or even disentangling from constitutive relationships. In this article I suggest attunement and fidelity as ontological conditions for this moral way of being‐in‐the‐world. I argue that in limiting our disciplinary focus to traditional moral philosophies and concepts we do more to reproduce a particular moral philosophic tradition than to understand moral experience in the world. Although today many institutional and public discourses of morality emphasize the good and the right, I argue that an ontology of assembled and relational‐being reveals that morality and ethics go well beyond good and evil.
Afterword: Moral Experience in Anthropology
Authors: Csordas Thomas J. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe concept of moral experience offers an important dimension to anthropological thinking about morality, particularly when one distinguishes between approaches that treat specific sociocultural loci of moral experience and those that address conditions of possibility for moral experience. A coherent approach to morality should also reconsider earlier works in order to avoid the embarrassment of reinventing the wheel in our work. I take a step in this direction by juxtaposing two works from 1950s American anthropology, the analysis of Hopi ethics by Richard Brandt and the Navajo moral code by John Ladd. This exercise leads us to interrogate the validity of construing morality as a cultural system at that period in comparison to the status of those societies today, to other small‐scale societies in colonial or postcolonial situations, and to complex societies such as those of contemporary Euro‐America. Juxtaposing moral experience and moral code highlights the relative contributions of cultural analysis of morality from first‐person and third‐person perspectives, offers a step toward identifying the presence of a moral ambience akin to the emotional ambience designated by the concept of ethos, and leads toward a phenomenological concern with moral being and becoming and recognition of care as essential to the moral domain.
Prospective study of the association between exercise‐induced pulmonary haemorrhage and long‐term performance inThoroughbred racehorses
Authors: Sullivan S. L. , Anderson G. A. , Morley P. S. , Hinchcliff K. W. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryReasons for performing studyExercise‐induced pulmonary haemorrhage (EIPH) is associated with impaired short‐term race performance but consequences to long‐term race performance of Thoroughbred racehorses are unknown. Knowledge of effects ofEIPHon performance over a prolonged time would inform the need for management and treatment of this disorder.ObjectivesTo determine the relationship betweenEIPHdetected on a single occasion and long‐term athletic performance in Thoroughbred racehorses.Study designProspective, longitudinal, observational epidemiological study conducted from 2003 to 2012.MethodsSeven hundred and forty‐four Thoroughbred racehorses underwent a single tracheobronchoscopic examination to determine presence and severity ofEIPHin 2003. Following retirement of all the horses from racing, career after examination and lifetime performance data (including career duration, earnings, starts, wins and placings) were abstracted from a commercial database. The association between presence and severity ofEIPHand individual performance variables were analysed using survival analysis, linear regression and negative binomial regression.ResultsNo association was detected between the presence of anyEIPH(grade≥1) and all measures of long‐term performance examined except that horses withEIPH(grade≥2) had fewer earnings after endoscopic examination than did horses with mildEIPHor noEIPH(grades≤1). Multiple associations were detected between the most severe form ofEIPH(grade 4) and measures of long‐term performance suggesting that the severity ofEIPHcommonly associated with epistaxis adversely affects either the horse's opportunity to race or physiologic capacity to race.ConclusionsWe conclude that there is no association betweenEIPH grades 0, 1, 2and3and long‐term racing performance of Thoroughbred racehorses. These results are based on a single endoscopic evaluation ofEIPHgrade made during a horse's career. Further studies are required to determine the reasons for an association of severe (grade 4)EIPHwith impaired long‐term race performance.
Association between habitual light‐intensity physical activity and lower‐extremity performance: A cross‐sectional study of community‐dwelling older Japanese adults
Authors: Osuka Yosuke , Yabushita Noriko , Kim Miji , Seino Satoshi , Nemoto Miyuki , Jung Songee , Okubo Yoshiro , Figueroa Rafael , Tanaka Kiyoji 
Published: March 2014

AimHabitual moderate vigorous‐intensity physical activity (MVPA) positively affects lower‐extremity performance. It is unclear whether habitual light‐intensity physical activity (LPA), such as leisurely walking, has similar effects on lower‐extremity performance. The aim of the present study was to identify the associations between habitual LPA and lower‐extremity performance in older adults.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included 802 community‐dwelling Japanese older adults, 187 men and 615 women, aged 60–96 years. A uniaxial accelerometer measured physical activity intensity for over 10 h/day continuously for 7 days. Lower‐extremity performance was assessed by repeated chair stands (RCS), single‐leg stance (SLS) and Timed Up & Go (TUG). Multiple regression analysis was used to identify whether LPA was associated with lower‐extremity performance, independent of potential confounders.ResultsThe multiple regression analysis showed that longer LPA was significantly associated with better performance of RCS and TUG. In the results of stratified analyses, LPA was significantly associated with RCS in participants aged ≥75 years and in those with at least one medical condition or joint pain. LPA was also associated with TUG in participants aged ≥75 years, in those with at least one medical condition or joint pain and in those with low MVPA (<13.9 min/day).ConclusionsThese results suggest that habitual LPA is a useful lifestyle indicator of better performance in lower‐extremity strength and gait with dynamic balance. Maintaining a higher level of LPA could be a recommended approach for preserving lower‐extremity performance, especially among physically frail older adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2015; 15: 268–275.
Performance of severity scores for home care‐based patients suffering from pneumonia
Authors: Ishibashi Fumiaki , Sunohara Mitsuhiro , Kawagoe Shohei 
Published: March 2014

AimThe Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI) is used to determine the prognosis of community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP). The concept of nursing‐ and healthcare‐associated pneumonia (NHCAP) has recently been established in Japan. The present study aims to examine whether the PSI can predict the prognosis of home care‐based patients diagnosed with NHCAP.MethodsWe retrospectively sampled 97 home care‐based patients diagnosed with pneumonia in 2011 at Aozora Clinic in Kamihongo. Each case was scored using the PSI, the A‐DROP and the CURB‐65, and the severity of each case was evaluated. We also modified the PSI to obtain the score on the site of the home visits by omitting the scores related to the radiographic and laboratory findings. We call this new score the modified PSI for home care‐based patients (PSI‐HC). We assessed how well each score predicted mortality.ResultsThe correlation efficiency of the PSI and the PSI‐HC before categorization was 0.89. All the four scores well predicted the mortality, with the area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic curves of the PSI, the PSI‐HC, the A‐DROP and the CURB‐65 being 0.859, 0.856, 0.778, and 0.806, respectively. These scores also predicted the hospitalization rate, but more than two‐thirds of high‐scoring patients received therapy at home contrary to the recommendations of guidelines.ConclusionsAll four scores for CAP well predicted the prognosis of pneumonia of the home care‐based patients, which was categorized in NHCAP. The decision of hospitalization was made not only by considering the severity of the pneumonia. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2015; 15: 311–317.
Low Adherence to Helicobacter pylori Testing in Hospitalized Patients with Bleeding Peptic Ulcer Disease
Authors: Kim John J. , Lee John S. , Olafsson Snorri , Laine Loren 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundHelicobacter pylori (H. pylori) testing in patients with bleeding ulcers is recommended by society guidelines and considered a quality indicator. The aim of the study is to examine the proportion of patients with bleeding ulcers who had H. pylori testing and identify predictors associated with H. pylori testing.Materials and methodsConsecutive hospitalized patients with bleeding ulcers documented endoscopically at a single center from 10/2004‐5/2011 were identified retrospectively from an endoscopy database. The proportion of patients undergoing direct H. pylori testing (histology, rapid urease test, breath test or stool antigen) and any H. pylori testing (direct or serologic) were determined.ResultsAmong 330 patients with bleeding ulcers, 105 (32%, 95% CI 27–37%) underwent direct testing and another 52 (16%, 95% CI 12–20%) had serologic testing during a median follow‐up of 9 months (range, 0–86). H. pylori testing occurred at the index hospitalization in 146 (93%) of the 157 patients tested. Among the 105 patients who had direct H. pylori testing, 90 (86%) had biopsy‐based testing during the initial endoscopy. On multivariate analysis, undergoing biopsy of a gastric ulcer was strongly associated with having direct H. pylori testing performed (OR = 5.1, 95% CI 2.3–11.5; p < .0001).ConclusionsAmong patients hospitalized with bleeding ulcers, less than half received H. pylori testing and less than a third received the more accurate direct testing. Most of the direct H. pylori testing was biopsy‐based with very few being tested after the index hospitalization. Efforts to increase H. pylori testing in patients with bleeding ulcers are needed to improve outcomes.
Detection of ALK expression in non‐small‐cell lung cancer with ALK gene rearrangements – comparison of multiple immunohistochemical methods
Authors: Zwaenepoel Karen , Van Dongen Amber , Lambin Suzan , Weyn Christine , Pauwels Patrick 
Published: March 2014

AimTesting for ALK rearrangements in advanced, non‐squamous non‐small‐cell lung cancers that are wild‐type for activating EGFR mutation has become standard care. Fluorescence in‐situ hybridization is considered the gold standard for this evaluation. Pre‐screening with immunohistochemistry has been suggested, to reduce testing costs and to make testing more widely available. By analysing the sensitivity and specificity of different ALK immunohistochemical assays, we aimed to identify the most reliable assay to detect ALK rearrangement.Methods and resultsALK screening performed by FISH analysis was compared with three different immunohistochemical assays, in which two ALK antibody clones (5A4 and D5F3) were used on two detection platforms (Dako AutostainerLink 48 and Ventana Benchmark GX). Data from 30 ALK FISH‐positive cases show that the sensitivity of the immunohistochemical assays varies from 93.3% to 96.6%. Head‐to‐head comparison of the 5A4 and D5F3 ALK antibody clones demonstrates similar staining potency. In general, homogeneous, intermediate to strong staining of the ALK‐positive samples was obtained.ConclusionsALK immunohistochemistry can be considered as a pre‐screen method if one accepts a sensitivity of 93.3–96.6%. Because ALK immunohistochemical staining needs to be performed close to the detection limit of the assay, vigilant quality control monitoring is required to guarantee trustworthy results.
Prognostic relevance of histological variants in nonspecific interstitial pneumonia
Authors: Kambouchner Marianne , Levy Pierre , Nicholson Andrew G , Schubel Kirsten , Magois Eline , Feuillet Séverine , Valeyre Dominique , Bernaudin Jean‐François , Nunes Hilario 
Published: March 2014

AimsAlthough histological non‐specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) is concisely defined, overlap with other patterns is described. While most frequently idiopathic, NSIP is seen in various clinical contexts such as connective tissue diseases (CTDs) and chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (cHP). This study was designed to determine if NSIP could be separated into subgroups based on minor histological features and to correlate these subgroups with clinical associations and survival.Methods and resultsOne hundred and thirty‐six patients with biopsy‐proven NSIP were included [clinical diagnosis: CTDs (23%), cHP (12%), idiopathic (65%)]. In addition to the agreed NSIP criteria, seven subgroups were identified: essential NSIP and six overlap subgroups according to superimposed minor histological features. Interobserver concordance resulted in the following consensus: essential NSIP (36%), usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) overlap (26%), cHP overlap (10%), organizing pneumonia (OP) overlap (6%), organizing diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) overlap (10%), desquamative interstitial pneumonia overlap (7%) and lymphoid interstitial pneumonia overlap (2%). OP overlap was associated with CTDs (P = 0.04) and cHP overlap with a cHP clinical diagnosis (P = 0.02). Survival was different between subgroups (P = 0.0002). Organizing DAD overlap exhibited poorer survival at 5 years (32%), followed by UIP overlap (57%). Independent predictors of mortality were organizing DAD overlap (HR = 4.99, 95% CI = 2.15–11.58, P = 0.0002), UIP overlap (HR = 2.11, 95% CI = 1.12–3.99, P = 0.02) and a clinical diagnosis of cHP (HR = 2.17, 95% CI = 1.05–4.47, P = 0.035).ConclusionsNon‐specific interstitial pneumonia subdivision into pathological subgroups is clinically relevant from a prognostic and causal perspective.