bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fish Assemblages, Connectivity, and Habitat Rehabilitation in a Diked Great Lakes Coastal Wetland Complex
Authors: Kowalski Kurt P. , Wiley Michael J. , Wilcox Douglas A. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractFish and plant assemblages in the highly modified Crane Creek coastal wetland complex of Lake Erie were sampled to characterize their spatial and seasonal patterns and to examine the implications of the hydrologic connection of diked wetland units to Lake Erie. Fyke netting captured 52 species and an abundance of fish in the Lake Erie–connected wetlands, but fewer than half of those species and much lower numbers and total masses of fish were captured in diked wetland units. Although all wetland units were immediately adjacent to Lake Erie, there were also pronounced differences in water quality and wetland vegetation between the hydrologically isolated and lake‐connected wetlands. Large seasonal variations in fish assemblage composition and biomass were observed in connected wetland units but not in disconnected units. Reestablishment of hydrologic connectivity in diked wetland units would allow coastal Lake Erie fish to use these vegetated habitats seasonally, although connectivity does appear to pose some risks, such as the expansion of invasive plants and localized reductions in water quality. Periodic isolation and drawdown of the diked units could still be used to mimic intermediate levels of disturbance and manage invasive wetland vegetation.Received October 1, 2013; accepted March 5, 2014
The Effects of Spatial and Temporal Resolution in Simulating Fish Movement in Individual‐Based Models
Authors: Watkins Katherine Shepard , Rose Kenneth A. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractMany fisheries management decisions require predictions of spatial dynamics, and simulation of realistic movement is critically important for accurately representing population‐level dynamics with spatially explicit individual‐based models (IBMs). Movement approaches developed to date have been applied across a wide range of spatiotemporal resolutions. We compared four movement approaches or submodels (restricted‐area search, kinesis, event based, and run and tumble) using an IBM (roughly based on Bay AnchovyAnchoa mitchilliand Northern AnchovyEngraulis mordax) that simulated growth, mortality, and movement of a cohort on a two‐dimensional grid. We evaluated the submodels in 2.7‐ × 2.7‐km environments at five resolutions defined by various cell sizes and time steps. We used a genetic algorithm to calibrate each movement submodel over a 300‐generation training phase and then tested the mean movement parameters for a single generation in the training environment and a novel environment. Restricted‐area search, kinesis, and event‐based submodels had higher egg production than a random walk model (baseline, assuming no behavioral movement) across spatiotemporal resolutions in training and novel environments. The run‐and‐tumble submodel also had higher egg production than the random walk model but only under certain conditions. Although restricted‐area, kinesis, and event‐based submodels outperformed random walk at all resolutions, the submodels did not perform equally well across resolutions in terms of egg production and aggregation of model individuals in high‐quality cells (i.e., those with high growth and low mortality). The variability in performance was due to the change in habitat quality experienced by model individuals from one time step to the next. Restricted‐area and event‐based submodels had higher egg production when model individuals experienced small changes in habitat quality, whereas the kinesis and run‐and‐tumble submodels performed better when model individuals experienced larger changes in habitat quality.Received October 16, 2013; accepted March 11, 2004
Feeding Habits of the Smallscale Fat Snook from East‐Central Florida
Authors: Dutka‐Gianelli Jynessa 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIn general, snook Centropomus spp. are opportunistic carnivores, feeding on fish and crustaceans, as shown by other studies on diets of centropomids in the western Atlantic Ocean. Diet studies for centropomids in Florida refer only to a description of the diet and the ontogenetic shifts in prey preferences of Common Snook C. undecimalis. However, no food habit information for Smallscale Fat Snook C. parallelus is available in Florida. Stomach content analysis and quantitative descriptions of fish diet are important in understanding how species utilize resources, coexist in certain habitats, and possibly share available prey. The objective of this study was to describe the dietary composition for Smallscale Fat Snook in east‐central Florida, in comparison to other diet studies for Smallscale Fat Snook and its congeners. The results show that, like other snook species, Smallscale Fat Snook is a carnivorous species, juveniles feed mainly on penaeid shrimp, and larger fish feed more on varied prey, mainly portunid crabs and teleost species. The diverse diet composition of Smallscale Fat Snook in east‐central Florida suggests that the species is an opportunistic feeder, exploiting locally abundant prey, and feeds in a variety of estuarine and riverine habitats.Received March 18, 2014; accepted April 17, 2014
Stage‐Structured Simulations Suggest That Removing Young of the Year Is an Effective Method for Controlling Invasive Smallmouth Bass
Authors: Loppnow Grace L. , Venturelli Paul A. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractSmallmouth Bass Micropterus dolomieu is an invasive fish for which few control methods have been developed or tested. Adult removal is most common, but this strategy is labor‐intensive and can result in an increase in population abundance (i.e., overcompensation). Using a stage‐structured matrix model, we tested removal of young of the year as a control method, both alone and in combination with three supplemental removal strategies. Our results suggest that young of the year removal alone does not lead to overcompensation and can be expected to control some populations of Smallmouth Bass in a reasonable timeframe (e.g., 75% reduction in abundance after 10 years at 68% removal). Lower rates of removal of young of the year are required if this method is combined with supplemental removal strategies (especially those that also target immature bass). Where feasible, we recommend that managers include young of the year removal as part of their control plans. Future research should focus on incorporating more biological realism into simulation models and testing this method in the field.Received January 15, 2014; accepted April 24, 2014
Evidence of Atlantic Sturgeon Spawning in the York River System
Authors: Hager Christian , Kahn Jason , Watterson Carter , Russo Jay , Hartman Kyle 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe National Marine Fisheries Service listed five distinct population segments of Atlantic Sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus as threatened and endangered under the Endangered Species Act on February 6, 2012. At that time, the only known spawning population of sturgeon in the Chesapeake Bay was in the James River. The goal of this research was to determine whether reproduction was also occurring in the Chesapeake's York River watershed. Based on the assumption that an early fall spawning event occurs in the upper reaches of the watershed, these waters were sampled in late August of 2013 when water temperatures became appropriate for spawning. During a week of sampling, numerous male sturgeon running milt and one spawned‐out female with residual eggs still present were captured. The co‐occurrence of reproductively active males and a recently spawnedout female Atlantic Sturgeon in the upper Pamunkey River at temperatures consistent with documented spawning temperatures in other systems indicates that fall spawning occurs in the York River system. Therefore, the population segment of Atlantic Sturgeon distinct to the Chesapeake Bay has at least two spawning populations that managers should consider when protecting this listed species.Received November 13, 2013; accepted May 12, 2014
Genetic Composition of the Warm Springs River Chinook Salmon Population Maintained following Eight Generations of Hatchery Production
Authors: Smith Christian T. , French Rod , Lovtang Jens , Hand David 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBalancing the disparate objectives of fishery augmentation and conservation of an endemic fish population presents a substantial challenge. In the case of Warm Springs National Fish Hatchery (Warm Springs Hatchery), strategies for achieving both objectives included incorporation of natural fish into the hatchery broodstock and restricting proportions of hatchery fish on the spawning grounds. The hatchery has been more successful in implementing the latter than the former. We analyzed 76 single nucleotide polymorphism markers in Spring Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha collected from the Warm Springs River in 1976–1977 (prior to hatchery production) and 2001–2011 (posthatchery) to examine whether the genetic characteristics of the endemic population had changed during that time. Pre‐ and posthatchery collections clustered together when compared with those from Round Butte Hatchery, which has a nearby segregated program, and other Columbia River populations. The difference between pre‐ and posthatchery collections was nonsignificant, but posthatchery samples exhibited significantly lower expected heterozygosity. We observed some evidence of reduced effective size and increased genetic drift in fish produced at Warm Springs Hatchery (relative to natural‐origin fish) and even stronger evidence of this in fish produced at Round Butte Hatchery. We conclude that natural‐origin Chinook Salmon returning to the Warm Springs River form a distinct group within the interior Columbia Basin spring‐run lineage and have changed very little over the past eight generations. We further speculate that differences between hatchery‐ and natural‐origin fish at Warm Springs Hatchery are expected to increase if hatchery operations remain static (i.e., little integration of natural‐origin fish and incorporation of Round Butte Hatchery fish in the broodstock).Received February 11, 2014; accepted May 30, 2014
The Effects of Variation in Rearing Conditions on Growth, Smolt Development, and Minijack Rate in Yearling Chinook Salmon: a Hatchery Scale Experiment
Authors: Spangenberg Dina , Larsen Donald A. , Gerstenberger Ryan , Brun Chris , Beckman Brian R. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIn this investigation a single genetic stock of Hood River, Oregon, Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha was reared at three different hatchery facilities over three brood years (2008–2010) and monitored for size, growth rate, gill Na+,K+‐ATPase activity, condition factor, whole body energetics, and precocious male maturation (age‐2 minijack rate). This experimental design provided a unique opportunity to isolate environmental from genetic effects on salmonid life history. Differences in the seasonal thermal regimes and associated growth profiles among the three facilities resulted in modest differences in smolt development but significant variation in size at release (range = 18 g body weight, 118 mm FL to 31 g body weight, 142 mm FL) and minijack rates (range = 4.8–57.1%) among groups. Previous studies have found a positive relationship between body size at release and minijack rates. However, in this investigation the release group with the largest mean body size consistently had the lowest minijack rates. This unique result may be due to the more natural thermal regime and feeding profile experienced by fish at this facility compared with that of the other two facilities and highlights the importance and potential benefits of adhering to a more “wildlike” growth profile in hatchery supplementation programs.Received February 24, 2014; accepted May 29, 2014
A Hierarchical Community Occurrence Model for North Carolina Stream Fish
Authors: Midway Stephen R. , Wagner Tyler , Tracy Bryn H. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe southeastern USA is home to one of the richest—and most imperiled and threatened—freshwater fish assemblages in North America. For many of these rare and threatened species, conservation efforts are often limited by a lack of data. Drawing on a unique and extensive data set spanning over 20 years, we modeled occurrence probabilities of 126 stream fish species sampled throughout North Carolina, many of which occur more broadly in the southeastern USA. Specifically, we developed species‐specific occurrence probabilities from hierarchical Bayesian multispecies models that were based on common land use and land cover covariates. We also used index of biotic integrity tolerance classifications as a second level in the model hierarchy; we identify this level as informative for our work, but it is flexible for future model applications. Based on the partial‐pooling property of the models, we were able to generate occurrence probabilities for many imperiled and data‐poor species in addition to highlighting a considerable amount of occurrence heterogeneity that supports species‐specific investigations whenever possible. Our results provide critical species‐level information on many threatened and imperiled species as well as information that may assist with re‐evaluation of existing management strategies, such as the use of surrogate species. Finally, we highlight the use of a relatively simple hierarchical model that can easily be generalized for similar situations in which conventional models fail to provide reliable estimates for data‐poor groups.Received January 13, 2014; accepted May 5, 2014
Genetic History of Walleyes Spawning in Lake Erie's Cattaraugus Creek: a Comparison of Pre‐ and Poststocking
Authors: Haponski Amanda E. , Dean Hillary , Blake Bevin E. , Stepien Carol A. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractFish stocking (artificial supplementation) has been used to augment populations and angling opportunities. However, genetic composition and adaptations of native fish populations may be affected, raising management concerns. From 1995 to 2000, the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation stocked Walleye Sander vitreus fry and fingerlings from the Maumee River (western Lake Erie) into Cattaraugus Creek (eastern Lake Erie). We analyzed nuclear microsatellite (sat) DNA and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation in Cattaraugus Creek Walleyes for comparisons between prestocking and poststocking groups, among annual spawning runs (1998–2011), among age cohorts, and between sexes. Results for genetic differentiation (index FST) were not significant between prestocking and poststocking groups (sat: FST = 0.003; mtDNA: FST < 0.001), and the two groups did not resemble stocked Maumee River fingerlings (sat: FST = 0.003–0.012; mtDNA: FST = 0.076–0.090). Tests for differentiation were not significant among annual spawning runs (sat: FST = <0.001–0.007; mtDNA: FST = <0.001–0.049), among age cohorts (sat: FST = <0.001–0.006; mtDNA: FST = <0.001–0.097), or between sexes (sat: FST < 0.001; mtDNA: FST < 0.001). Genetic diversity levels were high and consistent (sat: observed heterozygosity [mean ± SE] = 0.71 ± 0.04; mtDNA: haplotype diversity = 0.79 ± 0.01). Thus, despite stocking, the genetic signature of the native spawning run remained distinctive. However, the genetic composition of the local wild population and the stocking source should be assessed prior to any future supplementation plans.Received December 6, 2013; accepted June 12, 2014
Interoceanic Sex‐Biased Migration in Bluefish
Authors: Miralles L. , Juanes F. , Garcia‐Vazquez E. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe BluefishPomatomus saltatrixis a highly migratory species that is composed of different stocks and populations along its nearly cosmopolitan distribution. The Bluefish is the only member of its genus and family, and high migration rates could prevent vicariant speciation across its wide geographical distribution. However, the extent of gene flow between distant populations is unknown. We employed two mitochondrial genes (cytochrome‐coxidase subunit I and cytochromeb) and eight nuclear microsatellite loci to study population structure and infer dispersal of this important commercial and recreational fish across its Northern Hemisphere distribution. Higher gene flow estimates for nuclear loci (of biparental inheritance) than for mitochondrial loci (of maternal inheritance) suggested sex‐biased dispersal, which could be explained by greater female homing or fidelity to spawning sites and greater dispersal of males. Males could contribute more to transoceanic connectivity of Bluefish populations in the North Atlantic Ocean, thus shaping the observed pattern of spatial genetic structure of the Bluefish in its Northern Hemisphere distribution.Received February 1, 2014; accepted June 9, 2014
Population Origin and Water Temperature Affect Development Timing in Embryonic Sockeye Salmon
Authors: Whitney C. K. , Hinch S. G. , Patterson D. A. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractPredicting the future impact of changing thermal regimes on life history stages for wild fish requires a better understanding of the relative importance of population origin and offspring size on embryonic development. We assessed hatch timing and offspring size of Sockeye Salmon Oncorhynchus nerka in relation to egg size (variation from full‐sibling families), population origin, and temperature (three treatments of 10, 14, and 16°C). Both hatch timing and hatch duration varied by the interacting effects of population origin and thermal treatment, shown in crossing reaction norms. Hatching was faster, yet more variable, at higher temperatures across many groups, so while fish generally hatched faster, developmental asynchrony also increased among families. On average, fish incubated at 16°C were shorter but not lighter at hatch, showing developmental tradeoffs between basal metabolic requirements and growth. Egg size decreased among populations as migratory distance increased, but development rates were not related to egg size. In this case, embryonic development rates were linked to temperature and population‐specific cues for hatch timing more than to the maternal influence of egg size.Received March 10, 2014; accepted June 3, 2014
Dietary Supplementation with Allspice Pimenta dioica Reduces the Occurrence of Streptococcal Disease during First Feeding of Mozambique Tilapia Fry
Authors: Yılmaz Sevdan , Ergün Sebahattin 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Allspice Pimenta dioica as a feed additive was studied for its effects on growth performance and disease resistance in Mozambique Tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus. Five isonitrogenous (36% crude protein) and isocaloric (18.5 kJ/g) diets were formulated to contain 0 (control), 5, 10, 15, or 20 g of allspice/kg of fish feed. In a 50-d feeding trial, 15 plastic tanks (21 L) were stocked with 35 fish fry (0.012 g) each. After the feeding trial, fish were exposed to Streptococcus iniae and mortalities were recorded. The second-order polynomial regression indicated that the dietary allspice level of 10 g/kg provided the best growth performance and feed utilization. The greatest survival after pathogen challenge was also obtained from the diet supplemented with allspice at 10 g/kg. Therefore, allspice acts as a growth promoter to improve feed utilization and weight gain in Mozambique Tilapia fry and acts an antimicrobial agent to enhance disease resistance during first feeding of fry. These results suggest that allspice can be used as an alternative to antibiotics in controlling streptococcal disease in tilapia culture.
Received October 19, 2012; accepted January 20, 2014
Screening Medicinal Plants for Use against Dactylogyrus intermedius (Monogenea) Infection in Goldfish
Authors: Hu Yang , Ji Jie , Ling Fei , Chen Yunhe , Lu Lin , Zhang Qizhong , Wang Gaoxue 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Methanol extracts of 24 traditional medicinal plants with potential anthelmintic activity against Dactylogyrus intermedius (Monogenea) in Goldfish Carassius auratus were investigated. Abrus cantoniensis, Citrus medica, Dioscorea collettii, and Polygonum multiflorum exhibited 100% activity and were selected for further evaluation by applying five solvents (petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol, and water) for the extraction of the samples, followed by an in vivo bioassay. Among the plants tested, water, methanol, and ethyl-acetate extracts of P. multiflorum showed the highest efficacies; EC50 values (median concentration that results in 50% of its maximal effect) were 1.9, 5.4, and 9.1 mg/L, respectively, and extracts showed 100% efficacy against Dactylogyrus intermedius at 100, 12.5, and 25 mg/L. This was followed by ethyl-acetate, chloroform, and methanol extracts of Dioscorea collettii, which demonstrated 100% efficacy at 80, 80, and 120 mg/L and had EC50 values of 19.7, 27.1, and 37.8 mg/L, respectively, after 48 h of exposure. Chloroform and ethyl-acetate extracts of C. medica, which exhibited 100% efficacy against Dactylogyrus intermedius at 100 and 125 mg/L, revealed similar activity and had EC50 values of 58.7 and 51.3 mg/L, respectively. The ethyl-acetate and methanol extracts of A. cantoniensis exhibited the lowest activity and had EC50 values of 279.4 and 64.3 mg/L. Acute toxicities of these active extracts were investigated on Goldfish for 48 h. The findings indicated that extracts of the four plants can be developed as a preferred natural antiparasitic for the control of D. intermedius.
Received June 15, 2013; accepted February 11, 2014
The Effects of a Sublethal Dose of Botulinum Serotype E on the Swimming Performance of Channel Catfish Fingerlings
Authors: Beecham Rachel , Thomas Torri , Gao Dana X. , Gaunt Patricia S. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Visceral toxicosis of catfish (VTC) is a disease of cultured Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus in the Mississippi Delta region and surrounding states. The etiology of VTC is associated with botulinum serotype E (BoNT/E), which causes blockage of acetylcholine release at the neuromuscular junction, leading to weakness and paralysis of skeletal muscles (including those involved in swimming). This study attempted to determine if sublethal exposure to purified BoNT/E caused reductions in swimming performance and metabolism of Channel Catfish. Catfish swimming performance was assessed on stocker-sized Channel Catfish (mean weight ± SD, 62.35 ± 2.5 g) with 10 sham-injected fish and 10 fish injected with a sublethal dose of BoNT/E. A modified Blazka-type swim chamber was used to assess swimming performance. We injected Channel Catfish with either 0.015% trypsin or 400 pg purified BoNT/E digested with 0.015% trypsin intracoelomically, then acclimated an individual catfish in the swim chamber for 17 h prior to the swimming trial. Water temperature was maintained at ∼28°C, and dissolved oxygen (DO) was between 4 and 7 mg/L. A critical swimming speed (Ucrit) protocol was followed, and DO and temperature were monitored every 2 min throughout the swim trial. Cost of transport was calculated from the oxygen consumption at each test speed (10–70 cm/s). There was a statistical difference between the Ucrits (P = 0.0034), but no differences were found between the cost of transports (P = 0.67) of the sham-injected and BoNT/E groups. There was a difference in the cost of transport as it relates to the speeds tested (P &lt; 0.0001), cost of transports being highest at low speeds and decreasing as speed increased. These results indicate that botulinum E interferes with the swimming speed of the catfish, which could contribute to the mortality from the disease of VTC and potentially make the fish more susceptible to predation.
Received September 20, 2013; accepted February 14, 2014