bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐calibration three‐dimensional light field display based on scalable multi‐LCDs
Authors: Peng Yifan , Li Haifeng , Wang Rui , Zhong Qing , Han Xiang , Cao Zisheng , Liu Xu 
Published: January 2013

AbstractApproach to achieve self‐calibration three‐dimensional (3D) light field display is investigated in this paper. The proposed 3D light field display is constructed up on spliced multi‐LCDs, lens and diaphragm arrays, and directional diffuser. The light field imaging principle, hardware configuration, diffuser characteristic, and image reconstruction simulation are described and analyzed, respectively. Besides the light field imaging, a self‐calibration method is proposed to improve the imaging performance. An image sensor is deployed to capture calibration patterns projected onto and then reflected by the polymer dispersed liquid crystal film, which is attached to and shaped the diffuser. These calibration components are assembled with the display unit and can be switched between display mode and calibration mode. In the calibration mode, the imperfect imaging relations of optical components are captured and calibrated automatically. We demonstrate our design by implementing the prototype of proposed 3D light field display by using modified off‐the‐shelf products. The proposed approach successfully meets the requirement of real application on scalable configuration, fast calibration, large viewing angular range, and smooth motion parallax.
CO2 laser revision stapedotomy
Authors: Albers Andreas E. , Schönfeld Uwe , Kandilakis Kostas , Jovanovic Sergije 
Published: January 2013

Objectives/HypothesisTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of the one‐shot noncontact technique in stapedotomy for revision stapes surgery with a CO2 laser combined with a scanning system.Study DesignProspective study.MethodsIntraoperative findings and hearing results of 106 patients who underwent revision CO2 laser stapedotomy because of conductive or sensorineural hearing loss or vertigo were analyzed.ResultsLeading pathologies were displacement of the prosthesis, incus erosion, fibrous adhesions, and bony reobliteration or a too long or too short prosthesis. Surgery was successfully performed in all cases with a noncontact technique resulting in significantly improved postoperative air and bone conduction. The rate of permanent complications was 0.9%. A comparison of the effect of higher laser energies used for the perforation of bony stapes footplates and lower energies for neomembranes revealed no significant difference in hearing results, underscoring the safety of the technique.ConclusionsTo avoid any manipulation of the conductive hearing chain that may cause sensorineural hearing loss, we adapted the noncontact technique previously introduced by us for use in revision stapedotomy. This technique was successfully applied to improve conductive and sensorineural hearing loss as well as vertigo in first and second revision stapedotomy cases. Because the rate of postoperative complications was comparable to what is achieved with other laser systems, we conclude that the method has at least an equal level of safety. In conclusion, we advocate the use of a noncontact technique as suitable for an early revision of failed stapedotomy.Level of Evidence2b
Incidence of thyroid cancer surrounding three mile island nuclear facility: The 30‐year follow‐up
Authors: Levin Roger J. , De Simone Nicole F. , Slotkin Jaime F. , Henson Baker L. 
Published: January 2013

Objectives/HypothesisOriginal data reported a potential increased incidence of thyroid cancer surrounding the Three Mile Island (TMI) nuclear facility. A causal link to the accident, however, was indeterminate. Our objective was to determine if data 30 years later will change original conclusions, explore thyroid cancer incidence rates near nuclear power plants, and better understand effects of chronic low level radiation.Study DesignRetrospective cross‐sectional study.MethodsRetrospective data for specific Pennsylvania counties were provided by the Pennsylvania Cancer Registry Dataset for thyroid cancer using the Epidemiological Query and Mapping System search engine. Our study examines thyroid cancer incidence from 1985 through 2009 analyzed by year, county, and age.ResultsThirty years after the TMI accident, an increased incidence of thyroid cancer is seen in counties south of TMI and in high‐risk age groups. The average incidence rates from 1990 through 2009 were greater than expected in York, Lancaster, Adams, and Chester Counties.ConclusionsThyroid cancer incidence since the TMI accident was greater than expected in the counties analyzed when compared to local and national population growth. This supports a link to chronic low level radiation exposure and thyroid cancer development. Despite these findings, a direct correlation to the accident remains uncertain as incidence rates may coincide with other factors, and original data were limited.Level of Evidence2b Laryngoscope, 123:2064–2071, 2013
Subclassification of chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Han Joseph K. 
Published: January 2013

Objectives/HypothesisThere are variants of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Therefore, the objectives of this study were to phenotype the subclasses of CRS as well as characterize their polyps with histology and cellular–intracellular biomarkers.Study DesignProspective case‐control study.MethodsDemographic data, quality‐of‐life (QoL) questionnaires, nasal endoscopy (NE), and computed tomography (CT) scores were obtained. CRS was divided into seven subclasses: aspirin‐exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD), asthmatic sinusitis with and without allergy, nonasthmatic sinusitis with and without allergy, allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS), and cystic fibrosis (CF). Histopathologic and immunohistochemistry of nasal polyps were recorded. CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19, CD45, and CD56 data were collected. Interleukin (IL)4, IL5, IL13, IL17, and interferon (IFN)‐γ were measured.ResultsEight‐four subjects were in this study. Two QoL questionnaires were inadequate at distinguishing the control group from CRS. NE and CT were able to differentiate between the control group and all CRS subclasses (P<.01). Asthmatic sinusitis, AERD, and AFS had high NE and CT scores, nasal polyps, eosinophils, mast cell, and hypercellularity. Asthmatic sinusitis, nonasthmatic sinusitis, and AERD had higher CD4 cells than control group (P<.05). Even though asthmatic sinusitis and AFS are mediated by Th2, AFS had differing levels of Th2 cytokines. Each nonasthmatic sinusitis had purulence and low CT score. Each nonasthmatic sinusitis had higher CD4 cells and IFN‐γ than control (P<.05). CF is associated with purulence, high CT score, high polymorphonuclear leukocytes, high plasma cells, and high mast cells.ConclusionsWell‐characterized and distinct groups of CRS have been defined for targeted treatment and research studies.Level of Evidence2b Laryngoscope, 123:S15–S27, 2013
Retropharyngeal lymph node dissection in oropharyngeal cancer treated with transoral robotic surgery
Authors: Moore Eric J. , Ebrahimi Ardalan , Price Daniel L. , Olsen Kerry D. 
Published: January 2013

Objectives/HypothesisAssess the role of retropharyngeal lymph node dissection in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma treated with transoral robotic surgery (TORS).Study DesignProspective case series.MethodsRetrospective analysis of 72 patients with oropharyngeal squamous carcinoma treated with transoral oropharyngectomy, neck dissection, and retropharyngeal node dissection.ResultsEight of 55 (14.5%) patients with tonsil primaries had retropharyngeal metastases in contrast to none with tongue base primaries. The presence of pathologically positive retropharyngeal nodes was associated with clinical tumor (T) (P=.002) and node (N) stage (P=.007), preoperative computed tomography (CT) (P<.001), and positron emission tomography (PET)‐CT scan (P<.001). The negative predictive value of early T (Tx,1‐2) and N stage (N0‐N2a) was 91.7% and 100%, respectively. Preoperative CT and PET‐CT both yielded a positive predictive value of 100%, while the negative predictive value of imaging was optimized to 95.3% when these modalities were combined.ConclusionsIn patients with tonsil cancer the risk of retropharyngeal metastases is negligible in the presence of clinically T1‐2, N0‐N2a disease and negative CT and PET‐CT. We estimate that 40% of patients meet these criteria and may safely forego treatment of the retropharyngeal nodes. Approximately 10% of patients will have positive imaging and we recommend retropharyngeal node dissection at the time of surgery to treat macroscopic disease. In the remaining patients at risk for retropharyngeal node involvement, adjuvant radiotherapy is generally indicated based on other adverse features, and these nodes may be incorporated into the treatment field.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 2013
Photoacoustic microscopy
Authors: Yao Junjie , Wang Lihong V. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractPhotoacoustic microscopy (PAM) is a hybrid in vivo imaging technique that acoustically detects optical contrast via the photoacoustic effect. Unlike pure optical microscopic techniques, PAM takes advantage of the weak acoustic scattering in tissue and thus breaks through the optical diffusion limit (∼1 mm in soft tissue). With its excellent scalability, PAM can provide high‐resolution images at desired maximum imaging depths up to a few millimeters. Compared with backscattering‐based confocal microscopy and optical coherence tomography, PAM provides absorption contrast instead of scattering contrast. Furthermore, PAM can image more molecules, endogenous or exogenous, at their absorbing wavelengths than fluorescence‐based methods, such as wide‐field, confocal, and multi‐photon microscopy. Most importantly, PAM can simultaneously image anatomical, functional, molecular, flow dynamic and metabolic contrasts in vivo. Focusing on state‐of‐the‐art developments in PAM, this Review discusses the key features of PAM implementations and their applications in biomedical studies.
High Intensity Focused Ultrasound Triggered Shape Memory and Drug Release from Biodegradable Polyurethane
Authors: Han Jianjun , Fei Guoxia , Li Guo , Xia Hesheng 
Published: January 2013

AbstractA shape memory biodegradable polyurethane composite is prepared and shape recovery and simultaneous release of embedded copper sulfate are realized by high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU). The composite shows an excellent HIFU‐controlled shape recovery performance, wherein temporal and spatial control can be realized by switching the HIFU on/off or selecting the place where the ultrasound is focused. The composite shows an excellent HIFU switchable drug release function. The release process of a model payload can be tuned by adjusting the HIFU intensity and time. The shape memory polyurethane shows a rapid enzymatic biodegradation rate. This polyurethane composite has potential applications in minimally invasive interventional therapy devices.magnified image
Compressed Exponential Response Function Arising From a Continuous Distribution of Gaussian Decays – Distribution Characteristics
Authors: Hansen Eddy W. , Gong Xiaoliang , Chen Qun 
Published: January 2013

AbstractA compressed exponential function (CEF) is shown to be represented by a distribution of Gaussian functions. The properties and characteristics of the distribution are detailed and discussed, and are illustrated with reference to the change in the NMR spectroscopy proton Hahn echo relaxation response that takes place in a composite material (prepared by melt compounding a mixture of graphite nanoparticles and pyromellitic anhydride modified polypropylene carbonate (PPC)) during aging at 90 °C. The results show that both the width and the average value of the spin‐spin relaxation rate distribution decrease during aging, suggesting that the molecular motion becomes less constrained and less heterogeneous.magnified image
On the negative squares of a class of self‐adjoint extensions in Krein spaces
Authors: Behrndt Jussi , Luger Annemarie , Trunk Carsten 
Published: January 2013

AbstractA description of all exit space extensions with finitely many negative squares of a symmetric operator of defect one is given via Krein's formula. As one of the main results an exact characterization of the number of negative squares in terms of a fixed canonical extension and the behaviour of a function τ (that determines the exit space extension in Krein's formula) at zero and at infinity is obtained. To this end the class of matrix valued \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\mathcal {D}_\kappa ^{n\times n}$\end{document}‐functions is introduced and, in particular, the properties of the inverse of a certain \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\mathcal {D}_\kappa ^{2\times 2}$\end{document}‐function which is closely connected with the spectral properties of the exit space extensions with finitely many negative squares is investigated in detail. Among the main tools here are the analytic characterization of the degree of non‐positivity of generalized poles of matrix valued generalized Nevanlinna functions and some extensions of recent factorization results.
Precision Biopolymers from Protein Precursors for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Kuan Seah Ling , Wu Yuzhou , Weil Tanja 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe synthesis of biohybrid materials with tailored functional properties represents a topic of emerging interest. Combining proteins as natural, macromolecular building blocks, and synthetic polymers opens access to giant brush‐like biopolymers of high structural definition. The properties of these precision polypeptide copolymers can be tailored through various chemical modifications along their polypeptide backbone, which expands the repertoire of known protein‐based materials to address biomedical applications. In this article, the synthetic strategies for the design of precision biopolymers from proteins through amino acid specific conjugation reagents are highlighted and the different functionalization strategies, their characterization, and applications are discussed.
Water‐Soluble Fluorescent Probes Based on Dendronized Polyfluorenes for Cell Imaging
Authors: Bai Libin , Li Wei , Chen Jingtian , Bo Fuli , Gao Baoxiang , Liu Hongmei , Li Jingjing , Wu Yonggang , Ba Xinwu 
Published: January 2013

AbstractNovel water‐soluble dendronized fluorescent polyfluorenes (DFPFs) are prepared from hydrophilic monomers and hydrophobic comonomers. Incomplete energy transfer is found to result in a two‐color emission of the DFPFs at around 410 and 650 nm. The incomplete energy transfer can be attributed to the poor compatibility between the fluorene and benzothiadiazole units. Polyethylene oxide (PEO) encapsulation of the DFPFs shows over 90% cell viability, indicating good biocompatibility. These DFPFs show differential cellular uptake. P1 with fewer PEO chains exhibits limited cellular membrane uptake and low brightness in cells. By contrast, P3 with more PEO chains is efficiently internalized by cells and accumulated in the cytoplasm. A strong fluorescence from whole cells is also observed.
Modular Establishment of a Diketopyrrolopyrrole‐Based Polymer Library via Pd‐Catalyzed Direct C–H (Hetero)arylation: a Highly Efficient Approach to Discover Low‐Bandgap Polymers
Authors: Guo Qiang , Dong Jiaxing , Wan Danyang , Wu Di , You Jingsong 
Published: January 2013

AbstractA concise, highly efficient palladium‐catalyzed direct C–H (hetero)arylation is developed to modularly assemble a diketopyrrolopyrrole (DTDPP)‐based polymer library to screen low‐bandgap and near‐infrared (NIR) absorbing materials. The DTDPP‐based copolymers P1 and P2 with an alternating donor–acceptor–donor–acceptor (D–A–D–A) sequence and the homopolymer P9 exhibit planarity and excellent π‐conjugation, which lead to low bandgaps (down to 1.22 eV) as well as strong and broad NIR absorption bands (up to 1000 nm).
Anticancer activity of fish oils against human lung cancer is associated with changes in formation of PGE2 and PGE3 and alteration of Akt phosphorylation
Authors: Yang Peiying , Cartwright Carrie , Chan Diana , Ding Jibin , Felix Edward , Pan Yong , Pang Jihai , Rhea Patrea , Block Keith , Fischer Susan M. , Newman Robert A. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe beneficial effects of omega‐3 fatty acids are believed to be due in part to selective alteration of arachidonate metabolism that involves cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes. Here we investigated the effect of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on the proliferation of human non‐small cell lung cancer A549 (COX‐2 over‐expressing) and H1299 (COX‐2 null) cells as well as their xenograft models. While EPA inhibited 50% of proliferation of A549 cells at 6.05 µM, almost 80 µM of EPA was needed to reach similar levels of inhibition of H1299 cells. The formation of prostaglandin (PG)E3 in A549 cells was almost threefold higher than that of H1299 cells when these cells were treated with EPA (25 µM). Intriguingly, when COX‐2 expression was reduced by siRNA or shRNA in A549 cells, the antiproliferative activity of EPA was reduced substantially compared to that of control siRNA or shRNA transfected A549 cells. In line with this, dietary menhaden oil significantly inhibited the growth of A549 tumors by reducing tumor weight by 58.8 ± 7.4%. In contrast, a similar diet did not suppress the development of H1299 xenograft. Interestingly, the ratio of PGE3 to PGE2 in A549 was about 0.16 versus only 0.06 in H1299 xenograft tissues. Furthermore, PGE2 up‐regulated expression of pAkt, whereas PGE3 downregulated expression of pAkt in A549 cells. Taken together, the results of our study suggest that the ability of EPA to generate PGE3 through the COX‐2 enzyme might be critical for EPA‐mediated tumor growth inhibition which is at least partly due to down‐regulation of Akt phosphorylation by PGE3. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Exercise in neuromuscular disease
Authors: Anziska Yaacov , Sternberg Alex 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTIn this review, we present an overview of the role of exercise in neuromuscular disease (NMD). We demonstrate that despite the different pathologies in NMDs, exercise is beneficial, whether aerobic/endurance or strength/resistive training, and we explore whether this benefit has a similar mechanism to that of healthy subjects. We discuss further areas for study, incorporating imaginative and novel approaches to training and its assessment in NMD. We conclude by suggesting ways to improve future trials by avoiding previous methodological flaws and drawbacks in this field. Muscle Nerve, 2013
Asymmetric sensory ganglionopathy: A case series
Authors: Marquez‐Infante Celedonio , Murphy Sinéad M. , Mathew Liberty , Alsanousi Ali , Lunn Michael P. , Brandner Sebastian , Yousry Tarek A. , Blake Julian , Reilly Mary M. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTIntroductionSensory ganglionopathies are uncommon but potentially very disabling. They have heterogeneous etiologies including autoimmune, paraneoplastic, toxic, and inflammatory although many remain idiopathic despite intensive investigation. Asymmetric sensory loss is relatively common at the onset, but with time, symptoms usually spread to involve all limbs symmetrically.MethodsWe report 6 patients with a persistent strikingly asymmetrical sensory ganglionopathy with acute or subacute onset and slow progression.ResultsPeripheral nerve biopsies in 5 patients showed axonal loss without significant inflammation; a dorsal root ganglion biopsy in 1 patient showed neuronal loss and inflammatory infiltrate. Four patients received immunomodulatory treatment, but overall the response to treatment was poor.ConclusionsAsymmetrical sensory ganglionopathies may have an inflammatory basis. Immunomodulatory therapy may be considered early in the disease course, although in this series there was a limited response to treatment. Muscle Nerve, 2013
Dynamic sonographic measurements at the carpal tunnel inlet: Reliability and reference values in healthy wrists
Authors: Filius Anika , Korstanje Jan‐Wiebe H. , Selles Ruud W. , Hovius Steven E.R. , Slijper Harm P. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Reliability and reference values are not well‐established for most dynamic sonographic measurements of the median nerve (MN) and flexor tendons that may be used for diagnosing carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Methods: Wrists of 20 healthy participants were imaged using ultrasound. Cines of the carpal tunnel inlet were acquired during hand motion. Based on shape and displacement measurements, intra‐ and interrater reliability and reference values were calculated. Results: Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for measurements of the MN and most flexor tendons were ≥0.51 for shape parameters and ≥0.71 for displacement parameters. During motion, the MN flattened with ulnar movement, tendons became more circular, and flexor tendons of corresponding fingers moved toward each other. Conclusion: Shape and displacement measurements of the MN and most flexor tendons had reliability results ranging from moderate to excellent. The reference values may be useful for the diagnosis of CTS. Muscle Nerve 48: 525–531, 2013
Why short stature is beneficial in duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Bodor Marko , Mcdonald Craig M. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTIntroductionDuchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is caused by a genetic defect resulting in absent dystrophin, yet children are able to walk when small and young but lose this ability as they grow. The mdx mouse has absent dystrophin yet does not exhibit significant disability.MethodsAllometric modeling of linearly increasing load per muscle fiber and stress on the sarcolemma with growth and exponential decline associated with loss of muscle fibers correlated with case studies and animal models of DMD.ResultsSmaller species or breeds are predictably less affected than large as follows: mdx mice < small golden retriever muscular dystrophy (GRMD) dogs < large GRMD dogs < humans. Case reports of combined growth hormone and dystrophin deficiency show a relatively benign course of disease.ConclusionsFuture therapeutic trials in DMD might include specific growth inhibitors in combination with standard of care treatments to delay the clinical onset and reduce the severity of disease and disability. Muscle Nerve 48: 336–342, 2013
A general degree hybrid equilibrium finite element for Kirchhoff plates
Authors: Moitinho de Almeida J.P. , Maunder E.A.W. 
Published: January 2013

SUMMARYWe present a family of hybrid equilibrium finite elements for the quasistatic linear elastic analysis of plates governed by Kirchhoff theory. The moments are approximated by self‐balanced polynomial fields of general degree, and in order to impose strong codiffusivity, the normal boundary rotations are approximated with complete polynomials of the same degree, whereas the transverse deflections use polynomials one degree lower. Furthermore, it is also necessary to include an independent approximation of the vertex translations. We show that the triangular form of this element is stable, that is, free from spurious kinematic modes, and the formulation that we present allows these elements to be used as a standard displacement element. Examples of computed values and convergence of the solutions are presented, which demonstrate the performance of these elements. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.