bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diffusion Welding of Thick Components Fabricated by Inserted Powder Injection Molding*
Authors: Safarian Asghar , Karataş Çetin 
Published: September 2014

AbstractPowder injection molding consisting of four stages – feedstock preparation, injection, debinding and sintering – is a unique technique to produce small and complex metal or ceramic components in high quantity. One of the limitations of this method is the production of thick components, which arises from difficulties in de-binding stage. In this study, a novel method is presented to produce thick components with large sections by powder injection molding using preformed inserts in the injection stage. By using a wrought insert on which the feedstock is injected, the thickness of an injected section that needs to be debound, is decreased, while the whole thickness of the component is still large. The key point in this method is the amount of diffusion welding of the wrought insert and the injected feedstock to form an integrated component. 316L stainless steel has been used as material for both insert and feedstock. The effects of insert/component diameter ratio and the sintering atmosphere on diffusion welding have been studied. Finally, a defect-free thick component with a diameter of 20 mm is fabricated with a bonded area at the interface of the insert and injected section having shear strength up to 427 MPa.
The Effect Of Nugget Sizes On Mechanical Properties In Resistance Spot Welding Of SPA-C Atmospheric Corrosion Resistant Steel Sheets Used In Rail Vehicles*
Authors: Akkaş Nuri , İlhan Erdinç , Aslanlar Salim , Varol Faruk 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
This publication presents an experimental study on the resistance spot welding of SPA-C steel sheets used in side wall and roof application of rail vehicles. SPA-C atmospheric corrosion resistant steel sheets with a thickness of 2.3 mm were joined by using resistance spot welding as lap joint. A timer and current controlled resistance spot welding machine with 120 kVA capacity and a pneumatic application mechanism with a single lever were used to join the specimens. Welding periods were chosen as 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 cycles (1 cycle = 0.02 s) and also welding currents were increased from 6 kA up to 14 kA by rising in steps of 0.5 kA. The electrode force was kept constant at 6 kN. The welding joints obtained were exposed to tensile peel and tensile shear tests and their nugget sizes were calculated by results of optical microscopy measurements. The effect of nugget sizes on tensile peel strength and tensile shear strength was researched by using related diagrams and the optimum welding currents and times were advised.
Anti-corrosion behaviour of VE/GF coatings on mild steel
Authors: Barbhuiya Salim , Choudhury Ikbal , Memon Shazim 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
In this study, the properties of vinyl ester/glass flake (VE/GF) coating on mild steel plates was investigated to determine its anti-corrosion performance. The corrosion penetration rate of VE/GF coated and uncoated mild steel was evaluated using immersion tests for 20 days. Corrosion resistance of the coating was evaluated in various corrosive environments viz. 5% HCl, 8% HCl, 5% NaOH and 7% NaOH. The mild steel plates were coated with four different thicknesses of VE/GF coating and a comparative analysis was carried out to evaluate the corrosion protection efficiency. Scanning electron microscopy was carried out before and after the immersion test to study the morphological changes and products of corrosion.
Experimental determination and thermodynamic calculation of the phase equilibria in the Co–Mn–Ta system
Authors: Wang Cuiping , Zhao Cancan , Lin Zhong , Liu Xingjun 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The phase equilibria in the Co-rich corner of the Co–Mn–Ta system were investigated by means of optical microscopy, electron probe microanalysis and X-ray diffraction. Six isothermal sections in the Co-rich corner of the Co–Mn–Ta ternary system at 1300°C, 1200°C, 1100°C, 1000°C, 900°C, 800°C were experimentally determined. On the basis of previous and present experimental data of the phase equilibria, the thermodynamic assessments of the Mn–Ta binary and Co–Mn–Ta ternary systems were carried out by using CALPHAD. The thermodynamic parameters of the Mn–Ta binary and the Co–Mn–Ta ternary systems have been optimized for reproducing the experimental results in each system. An agreement between the calculated results and experimental data is obtained.
Fabrication and properties of porous silicon nitride ceramics via microwave sintering
Authors: Sun Mengyong , Cheng Xin , Li Qinggang , Huang Shifeng 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Porous silicon nitride ceramics were fabricated without pore formers via microwave sintering. Microwave sintering at different temperatures produced unique microstructures with high porosity. The best porous silicon nitride ceramics were fabricated at 1550°C for 30 min; the resulting product had a bulk density of 1552 g cm−3, an open porosity of 43.9%, and a flexural strength of 43.6 MPa. The mean pore channel size and the dielectric constants of the fabricated porous silicon nitride ceramics ranged from 0.1 μm to 1 μm and 2.9 to 3.4 under different temperatures, respectively.
Glacier volume estimation as an ill-posed inversion
Authors: Bahr David B. , Pfeffer W. Tad , Kaser Georg 
Published: September 2014

AbstractEstimating a glacier’s volume by inferring properties at depth (e.g. bed topography or basal slip) from properties observed at the surface (e.g. area and slope) creates a calculation instability that grows exponentially with the size of the glacier. Random errors from this inversion instability can overwhelm all other sources of error and can corrupt thickness and volume calculations, unless problematic short spatial wavelengths are specifically excluded. Volume/area scaling inherently filters these short wavelengths and automatically eliminates the instability, while numerical inversions can also give stable solutions by filtering the correct wavelengths explicitly, as is frequently done when ‘regularizing’ a model. Each of the scaling and numerical techniques has applications to which it is better suited, and there are trade-offs in resolution and accuracy; but when calculating volume, neither the modeling nor the scaling approach offers a fundamental advantage over the other. Both are significantly limited by the inherently ‘ill-posed’ inversion, and even though both provide stable volume solutions, neither can give unique solutions.
Autour d' Autisme : comment rendre les parents fous ! de Catherine Vanier
Authors: Mathelin Catherine , Douville Olivier 
Published: September 2014

À l’occasion de la publication de son dernier livre Autisme : comment rendre les parents fous ! , Catherine Vanier s’entretient avec Olivier Douville sur ce qu’est aujourd’hui la situation des enfants diagnostiqués « autistes » et la vie que connaissent les parents de ces enfants. Peu de psychopathologies ne déclenchent une telle passion que ne le fait l’autisme, ne donnent lieu à de telles cascades d’affirmations non fondées, ne suscitent tant d’implications des politiques et des média. Au risque que ce mot redouté et fascinant d’« autisme » finisse par ne plus vouloir rien dire. Ce livre et l’entretien qui en résulte ne ménagent pas non plus certaines positions frileuses en psychanalyse lorsque certains s’autorisent d’étiologie étroite, culpabilisante ou que d’autres s’en tiennent à l’idéologie d’une psychanalyse « pure », fermée au dialogue et à l’invention.
Le rêve, une passerelle possible entre psychanalyse et neurosciences ?
Authors: Lauret Monique 
Published: September 2014

L’interprétation freudienne du rêve n’a pu être exploitée dans les recherches neuroscientifiques débutées dans les années 1960, du fait d’un malentendu dans sa lecture, laissant la psychanalyse prendre de l’avance dans la compréhension de la fonction de cette formation de l’inconscient. Les chercheurs neuroscientifiques actuels semblent s’orienter vers une acceptation de certaines composantes psychiques à l’œuvre dans le processus du rêve, comme les émotions, les souvenirs, ainsi que le langage. Le rêve s’avère donc être une passerelle possible d’ouverture entre ces deux champs.
La traduction à l'épreuve de l'inconscient ; destins de l'allemand freudien
Authors: Gillie Claire 
Published: September 2014

À partir de notre travail de traduction de L’avenir d’une illusion de Freud, et de L’illusion d’un avenir de Pfister, nous porterons témoignage de l’enjeu d’un retour à la lettre freudienne. Après s’être prêté au mouvement de torsion qu’exige la passe d’une langue à l’autre – de l’allemand freudien, langue originelle de la psychanalyse, au français –, l’analyste traducteur invite à restaurer la source du lexique-souche freudien. Dans le transfert de langue, peut alors s’éprouver la « traduction finie et infinie » qui fait mettre au travail la pensée freudienne d’une part, les concepts de la psychanalyse, de l’autre.
Margaret Little : une non-personne ?
Authors: Sédat Jacques 
Published: September 2014

Margaret Little (1901-1994) a accompli aux côtés de Winnicott, en Grande-Bretagne, un travail important, longtemps méconnu en France, avec les psychotiques et les borderline. En partant d’un travail sur sa propre structure psychotique, elle a décidé de devenir analyste et de se consacrer aux cas limites, à ceux qui se vivent comme une non-personne. Elle a ainsi mis en place une pratique qui prolonge certaines intuitions de Freud, en insistant tout particulièrement sur la prise compte du pré-infantile (« l’unité de base »), la nécessité de la régression dans les cas limites et le rôle du contre-transfert comme capacité interactive pour l’analyste de travailler avec le patient.
Compétitivité territoriale et localisation du travail et des entreprises : une introduction
Authors: Bazillier Rémi , Rabaud Isabelle , Turcu Camelia 
Published: September 2014

Cet article propose une mise en perspective théorique de la localisation du travail et des entreprises en lien avec la compétitivité des territoires. La localisation est ainsi analysée sous trois angles : en lien avec la mobilité de la main-d’œuvre et ceci dans une approche d’économie géographique ; à travers les choix de localisation des firmes, dans une perspective de commerce international et de localisation des multinationales ; et par rapport au développement et à la concentration des services, des technologies et des connaissances. Ces approches complémentaires nous permettent de dresser une analyse globale des dynamiques de localisation, phénomène qui sera amplement analysé par la suite dans les articles présents dans ce numéro spécial.
Neutrophils Counteract Autophagy-Mediated Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms in Alveolar Macrophage: Role in Posthemorrhagic Shock Acute Lung Inflammation
Authors: Wen Zongmei , Fan Liyan , Li Yuehua , Zou Zui , Scott Melanie J. , Xiao Guozhi , Li Song , Billiar Timothy R. , Wilson Mark A. , Shi Xueyin , Fan Jie 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a major component of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome after hemorrhagic shock (HS) resulting from major surgery and trauma. The increased susceptibility in HS patients to the development of ALI suggests not yet fully elucidated mechanisms that enhance proinflammatory responses and/or suppress anti-inflammatory responses in the lung. Alveolar macrophages (AMϕ) are at the center of the pathogenesis of ALI after HS. We have previously reported that HS-activated polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) interact with macrophages to influence inflammation progress. In this study, we explore a novel function of PMNs regulating AMϕ anti-inflammatory mechanisms involving autophagy. Using a mouse “two-hit” model of HS/resuscitation followed by intratracheal injection of muramyl dipeptide, we demonstrate that HS initiates high mobility group box 1/TLR4 signaling, which upregulates NOD2 expression in AMϕ and sensitizes them to subsequent NOD2 ligand muramyl dipeptide to augment lung inflammation. In addition, upregulated NOD2 signaling induces autophagy in AMϕ, which negatively regulates lung inflammation through feedback suppression of NOD2-RIP2 signaling and inflammasome activation. Importantly, we further demonstrate that HS-activated PMNs that migrate in alveoli counteract the anti-inflammatory effect of autophagy in AMϕ, possibly through NAD(P)H oxidase–mediated signaling to enhance I-κB kinase γ phosphorylation, NF-κB activation, and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain protein 3 inflammasome activation, and therefore augment post-HS lung inflammation. These findings explore a previously unidentified complexity in the mechanisms of ALI, which involves cell–cell interaction and receptor cross talk.
Microablative Fractional CO2 Laser Improves Dyspareunia Related to Vulvovaginal Atrophy: A Pilot Study
Authors: Salvatore Stefano , Maggiore Umberto Leone Roberti , Origoni Massimo , Parma Marta , Quaranta Lavinia , Sileo Filomena , Cola Alice , Baini Ilaria , Ferrero Simone , Candiani Massimo , Zerbinati Nicola 
Published: September 2014

Objective This pilot study aimed to assess the efficacy in treating sexually active menopausal patients who had dyspareunia related to vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA). Materials and Methods The intensity of VVA symptoms was recorded for each patient. Patients were administered the Short Form 12 (SF-12) and the female sexual function index (FSFI) to assess quality of life and sexual function, respectively. An objective evaluation of female urogenital health was performed using the Gloria Bachman Vaginal Health Index (VHI). Results At 12-week follow-up, the laser treatment was efficacious in improving dyspareunia in 100% of patients included in the study (n = 15). The intensity of dyspareunia significantly decreased from baseline (8.7 ± 1.0) to 12-week follow-up (2.2 ± 1.0; p<0.001). In addition, all other VVA symptoms significantly ameliorated at the same follow-up. Furthermore, after the treatment, a significant improvement in quality of life (QoL) and sexual function were shown. Conclusions This pilot study demonstrated that treatment with the microablative fractional CO2 laser of patients with dyspareunia related to VVA was efficacious at 12-week follow-up.
A Highly Selective and Sensitive Fluorescent Probe for pH
Authors: Huang Yunrui , Xiao Junping , Zhou Qingxiang 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
A new, highly selective, and sensitive fluorescent probe for pH measurement was developed. This pH fluorescent probe, N,N′-bis-salicylaldehydedimine-1,8-diaminonaphthalene, was synthesized with 1,8-diaminonaphthalene and salicylaldehyde. The results demonstrated that this pH fluorescent probe was sensitive. It switched in a significantly narrow pH range within about 1.5 units from pH 1.99 to 3.49, which would be very useful in the life sciences and other fields.
HPLC-Diode Array Detector Fingerprints of Various Mentha Species
Authors: Hawrył Mirosław A 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Gradient elution HPLC was applied to develop fingerprints of 12 extracts obtained from selected mint species. The gradient was optimized by use of Merck ChromSword computer software on the basis of retention data of some standard compounds occurring in the investigated plant material. Two column types (RP18 and pentafluorophenyl) and two mobile phases (methanol–water and acetonitrile–water) were used during the experiments. Fingerprints of all extracts were generated, and on the basis of the fingerprints identification of the mints was possible.
Bioassay-Guided Chromatographic Isolation and Identification of Antibacterial Compounds from Artemisia annua L. That Inhibit Clostridium perfringens Growth
Authors: Ivarsen Elise , Fretté Xavier C , Christensen Kathrine B , Christensen Lars P , Engberg Ricarda M , Grevsen Kai , Kjaer Anders 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Clostridium perfringens is the causative agent of necrotic enteritis leading to significant losses in the poultry industry. Dichloromethane and n-hexane extracts of aerial parts of Artemisia annua (Asteraceae) exhibited activity against C. perfringens with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 185 and 270 μg/mL, respectively. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the extracts gave several active fractions (MIC between 75 and 600 μg/mL). Investigations of the most active fractions resulted in the iso ponticaepoxide (MIC between 100 and 200 μg/mL) and (+)-threo-(5E)-trideca-1,5-dien-7,9,11-triyne-3,4-diol (MIC between 400 and 800 μg/mL), the flavonols chrysosplenol D (MIC between 200 and 400 μg/mL) and casticin (slight inhibition at 800 μg/mL), and 2,4-dihydroxy-6-methoxyacetophenone (slight inhibition at 800 μg/mL). Also, the coumarin scopoletin and the sesquiterpene lactone artemisinin were isolated from active fractions but showed no inhibition of C. perfringens growth at 800 and 2000 μg/mL, respectively. Fractions containing essential oil components with camphor constituting &gt;60% did not show inhibition of C. perfringens up to 1600 μg/mL. Extracts and some active fractions showed higher antibacterial effect than individual bioactive compounds, suggesting that synergistic effects may underlie the observed antibacterial effect. The present study adds new valuable information on the antibacterial effect of A. annua against C. perfringens.
Combining the bulk transfer formulation and surface renewal analysis for estimating the sensible heat flux without involving the parameter
Authors: Castellví F. , Gavilán P. , González‐Dugo M. P. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe single‐source bulk transfer formulation (based on the Monin‐Obukhov Similarity Theory, MOST) has been used to estimate the sensible heat flux, H, in the framework of remote sensing over homogeneous surfaces (HMOST). The latter involves the canopy parameter,
, which is difficult to parameterize. Over short and dense grass at a site influenced by regional advection of sensible heat flux, HMOST with
= 2 (i.e., the value recommended) correlated strongly with the H measured using the Eddy Covariance, EC, method, HEC. However, it overestimated HEC by 50% under stable conditions for samples showing a local air temperature gradient larger than the measurement error, 0.4 km−1. Combining MOST and Surface Renewal analysis, three methods of estimating H that avoid
dependency have been derived. These new expressions explain the variability of H versus
, where
is the friction velocity,
is the radiometric surface temperature, and
is the air temperature at height, z. At two measurement heights, the three methods performed excellently. One of the methods developed required the same readily/commonly available inputs as HMOST due to the fact that the ratio between
and the ramp amplitude was found fairly constant under stable and unstable cases. Over homogeneous canopies, at a site influenced by regional advection of sensible heat flux, the methods proposed are an alternative to the traditional bulk transfer method because they are reliable, exempt of calibration against the EC method, and are comparable or identical in cost of application. It is suggested that the methodology may be useful over bare soil and sparse vegetation.
Numerical study of evaporation‐induced salt accumulation and precipitation in bare saline soils: Mechanism and feedback
Authors: Zhang Chenming , Li Ling , Lockington David 
Published: September 2014

AbstractEvaporation from bare saline soils in coastal wetlands causes salt precipitation in the form of efflorescence and subflorescence. However, it is not clear how much the precipitated salt in turn affects the water transport in the soil and hence the evaporation rate. We hypothesized that efflorescence exerts a mulching resistance to evaporation, while subflorescence reduces the pore space for water vapor to move through the soil. A numerical model is developed to simulate the transport of water, solute, and heat in the soil, and resulting evaporation and salt precipitation with the hypothesized feedback mechanism incorporated. The model was applied to simulate four evaporation experiments in soil columns with and without a fixed shallow water table, and was found to replicate well the experimental observations. The simulated results indicated that as long as the hydraulic connection between the near surface soil layer and the water source in the interior soil layer exists, vaporization occurs near the surface, and salt precipitates exclusively as efflorescence. When such hydraulic connection is absent, the vaporization plane develops downward and salt precipitates as subflorescence. Being more substantial in quantity, efflorescent affects more significantly evaporation than subflorescence during the soil‐drying process. Different evaporation stages based on the location of the vaporization plane and the state of salt accumulation can be identified for characterizing the process of evaporation from bare saline soils with or without a fixed shallow water table.
Ion bulk heating in magnetic reconnection exhausts at Earth's magnetopause: Dependence on the inflow Alfvén speed and magnetic shear angle
Authors: Phan T. D. , Drake J. F. , Shay M. A. , Gosling J. T. , Paschmann G. , Eastwood J. P. , Oieroset M. , Fujimoto M. , Angelopoulos V. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWe surveyed 87 magnetopause reconnection exhausts detected by the THEMIS spacecraft to investigate how the amount and anisotropy of ion bulk heating depend on the inflow boundary conditions. We find that the heating, ΔTi, is correlated with the asymmetric Alfvén speed, VAL,asym, based on the reconnecting magnetic field and the plasma number density measured in both inflow regions. Best fit to the data produces the empirical relation ΔTi = 0.13 miVAL,asym2, where mi is the proton mass, indicating that the increase in the ion internal (thermal) energy, 3ΔTi/2, is 20% of the available magnetic energy per proton‐electron pair. The observed parallel heating generally exceeds perpendicular heating (by a factor of ~2), and there are some indications that the heating is reduced in the presence of a strong guide field. Finally, the ratio of ion to electron bulk heating is ~8 on average.
Modeling magnetospheric response to synthetic Alfvénic fluctuations in the solar wind: ULF wave fields in the magnetosphere
Authors: McGregor S. L. , Hudson M. K. , Hughes W. J. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractSeveral observational studies suggest that small fluctuations in the solar wind can drive magnetospheric dynamics, notably ultralow frequency (ULF) waves, especially during high‐speed streams (HSS). ULF fluctuations are believed to be a mechanism for controlling and accelerating radiation belt electrons, and are an important aspect to HSS storms. Previous simulation studies have begun to investigate generation of magnetospheric ULF waves by varying upstream solar wind conditions, such as dynamic pressure or velocity shear. Alfvénic fluctuations, however, which are prevalent within the solar wind, have yet to be incorporated into global MHD simulations of the magnetosphere. To investigate the relationship between Alfvénic fluctuations in the solar wind and magnetospheric ULF waves, we present results from the Lyon‐Fedder‐Mobarry global, three‐dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) code. These simulations are driven with simulated solar wind plasma parameters from the Wang‐Sheeley‐Arge‐Enlil model with and without Alfvén‐like fluctuations added. We show that solar wind Alfvénic fluctuations enhance Kelvin‐Helmholtz waves along the flanks and drive ULF waves in the dayside magnetosphere. The dayside ULF waves are an enhancement of the compressional component in field‐aligned coordinates, due to the varying x component of the velocity (and therefore dynamic pressure) from the Alfvénic fluctuations.