bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What do older Australians want?
Authors: Dow Briony , Sparrow Patricia , Moore Kirsten , Gaffy Ellen , Yates Ian 
Published: May 2013

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to report older Australians' views about what they want from aged care reforms expressed in submissions to the Productivity Commission's ‘Inquiry into Caring for Older Australians’ and the ‘Conversations on Ageing’ (Conversations).MethodConsumer responses to the ‘Inquiry into Caring for Older Australians’ (n = 59) and findings from the Conversations (n = 31) conducted by the Honourable MarkButler with the Council on the Ageing were summarised.ResultsOlder people wanted to be included as full citizens in community life with their contributions acknowledged, including as carers. They wanted high quality, accessible and respectful services that supported their independence and over which they had control. They wanted fair and transparent funding arrangements and care that caters for diversity in Australia's older people. They wanted reform to be soon and to have bipartisan support.ConclusionThis paper provides consumer perspectives to inform aged care policy, practice and research in Australia.
Bilateral focal ablation of prostate tissue using low‐energy direct current (LEDC): a preclinical canine study
Authors: Tsivian Matvey , Polascik Thomas J. 
Published: May 2013

Objective
To evaluate side‐effects, erectile function and capability to preserve adjacent tissues of bilateral focal prostate ablation using low‐energy direct current (LEDC) in a canine model.
Materials and Methods
In all, 12 male Beagle dogs underwent bilateral focal prostate ablation using the NanoKnife™ LEDC system.
Three 19 G monopolar electrodes were transperineally placed on each side of the prostate under transrectal ultrasonographic (TRUS) guidance using a triangular probe array.
Intra‐ and postoperative side‐effects were recorded. Erectile function was evaluated at baseline and 4–5 and 26–27 days after ablation.
The dogs were killed humanely at 7 (six) and 30 days (six) for gross and microscopic evaluation of the prostate and adjacent organs.
Results
The median (range) prostate volume on TRUS was 12.1 (8.9–17.2) mL. The electrodes were placed at a median distance of 0.55–0.66 cm from the capsule, urethra and rectum.
All procedures were completed successfully and recovery was uneventful. There were no episodes of urinary retention.
All the dogs were able to achieve erections after ablation.
Pathological analyses revealed inflammatory changes in the ablation zone at 7 days and replacement by fibrosis at 30 days. On microscopic examination no histological injury to the capsule, urethra, rectal wall or nervous structures was identified.
Conclusions
In this study, bilateral focal prostate ablation using LEDC was safe and had a favourable side‐effects profile limited to transient minor events.
LEDC ablation effectively spared adjacent structures as well as physiological functions in all the dogs.
Common prescription medication use and erectile dysfunction: results from the Boston Area Community Health (BACH) survey
Authors: Kupelian Varant , Hall Susan A. , McKinlay John B. 
Published: May 2013

Objective
To investigate the association of erectile dysfunction (ED) with commonly used medications including antihypertensive treatment (AHT), psychoactive medication and pain and anti‐inflammatory medication.
Subjects and Methods
The Boston Area Community Health (BACH) survey used a multistage stratified design to recruit a random sample of 2301 men aged 30–79 years. ED was assessed using the five‐item International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF‐5).
Prescription medications, captured using a combination of drug inventory and self‐report with a prompt by indication, included in this analysis comprised AHT, psychoactive medication, and pain and anti‐inflammatory medication.
Logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) of the association of medication use with ED and to adjust for potential confounders including age, comorbid conditions and sociodemographic and lifestyle factors.
Results
Multivariable analyses showed benzodiazepines (adjusted OR = 2.34, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03, 5.31) and tricyclic antidepressants (adjusted OR = 3.35, 95% CI: 1.09, 10.27) were associated with ED, while no association was observed for serotonin reuptake inhibitors/serotonin‐norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors and atypical antipsychotics.
The use of AHT, whether in monotherapy or in conjunction with other AHTs, and pain or anti‐inflammatory medications were not associated with ED after accounting for confounding factors.
Conclusions
Results of the BACH survey suggest adverse effects of some psychoactive medications (benzodiazepines and tricyclic antidepressants).
No evidence of an association of AHT or pain and anti‐inflammatory medication with ED was observed.
Invented fairy tales in groups with onco‐haematological children
Authors: Margherita G. , Martino M. L. , Recano F. , Camera F. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe impact of an onco‐haematological illness for children is a traumatic event that opens to pain, hospitalizations and interrupts the continuity of daily life. It is difficult for the child to make meaning, to share the pain or ask a question related to the illness because, often, the parents or doctors cannot find a way to communicate in a suitable way for the child who remains in a situation of ‘unspoken’, where, fear, anxiety and pain cannot find a space to express.MethodsThe present research‐intervention uses the methodology of invented fairy tales in groups with onco‐haematological children, in the hospital, in order to explore the organization of the meanings at the base of the tales co‐constructed by the participants underlying weaknesses and strengths of the invented fairy tales in groups intervention. The invented fairy tales in groups is used as a tool, such as a play, to express, share and support the experience of the illness of children. Forty‐nine children participated to the invented fairy tales in groups in an onco‐haematological hospital. Within a quali‐quantitative framework we performed a thematic analysis of elementary context, cluster analysis, on the fairy tales considered as a unique narrative corpus of the thought of the group.ResultsThe analysis shows four thematic clusters: fantasy as search for a meaning, 29.71%, the group as a space for illusions, 27.90%, the illness as a family problem, 25.72%, anchoring reality, 16.67%. The results highlighted three main carriers of sense: the representation of illness/the relational world/the representation of the institution.ConclusionsThe use of invented‐fairy‐tales groups allowed the onco‐haematological children to tell and share the experience of illness through a different way, which let them express symbolically their pain. The invented fairy tale in groups becomes a mediator of psychic processes which offer new solutions while improving interpersonal relationships/communication between the participants in group.
Object Orientation Affects Spatial Language Comprehension
Authors: Burigo Michele , Sacchi Simona 
Published: May 2013

AbstractTypical spatial descriptions, such as “The car is in front of the house,” describe the position of a located object (LO; e.g., the car) in space relative to a reference object (RO) whose location is known (e.g., the house). The orientation of theROaffects spatial language comprehension via the reference frame selection process. However, the effects of theLO's orientation on spatial language have not received great attention. This study explores whether the pure geometric information of theLO(e.g., its orientation) affects spatial language comprehension using placing and production tasks. Our results suggest that the orientation of theLOinfluences spatial language comprehension even in the absence of functional relationships.
Two Routes to Expertise in Mental Rotation
Authors: Provost Alexander , Johnson Blake , Karayanidis Frini , Brown Scott D. , Heathcote Andrew 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe ability to imagine objects undergoing rotation (mental rotation) improves markedly with practice, but an explanation of this plasticity remains controversial. Some researchers propose that practice speeds up the rate of a general‐purpose rotation algorithm. Others maintain that performance improvements arise through the adoption of a new cognitive strategy—repeated exposure leads to rapid retrieval from memory of the required response to familiar mental rotation stimuli. In two experiments we provide support for an integrated explanation of practice effects in mental rotation by combining behavioral and EEG measures in a way that provides more rigorous inference than is available from either measure alone. Before practice, participants displayed two well‐established signatures of mental rotation: Both response time and EEG negativity increased linearly with rotation angle. After extensive practice with a small set of stimuli, both signatures of mental rotation had all but disappeared. In contrast, after the same amount of practice with a much larger set both signatures remained, even though performance improved markedly. Taken together, these results constitute a reversed association, which cannot arise from variation in a single cause, and so they provide compelling evidence for the existence of two routes to expertise in mental rotation. We also found novel evidence that practice with the large but not the small stimulus set increased the magnitude of an early visual evoked potential, suggesting increased rotation speed is enabled by improved efficiency in extracting three‐dimensional information from two‐dimensional stimuli.
State Building in a Rentier State: How Development Policies Fail to Promote Democracy in Afghanistan
Authors: Verkoren Willemijn , Kamphuis Bertine 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTState building is considered to be the solution to Afghanistan's ills. State‐building efforts largely aim to mirror Afghanistan to a market democracy. However, a market democracy is the outcome of specific historical and geo‐graphical circumstances, and cannot be replicated easily. This article explores four models of state formation: the Western, developmental, rentier and predatory state. Afghanistan can be characterized as a weak rentier state, subsisting on aid. Generally, the structural consequences of such aid rentierism are underestimated. ‘State building’ in this context cannot be successful. More aid ‘ownership’ and a strengthening of the Afghan bureaucracy will simply consolidate aid rentierism rather than reverse‐engineer a market democracy. A greater focus on economic policy is required to direct Afghanistan's rulers towards a more viable path of state formation. In this regard, the ‘developmental state’ offers some insights.
Transforming Activisms 2010+: Exploring Ways and Waves
Authors: Biekart Kees , Fowler Alan 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTThe waves of civic activism unfolding since late 2010 at a global level are striking. In major cities of the world, streets and squares have been filled with self‐organized citizens demanding attention for social and political rights. The protest images have been televised, downloaded and quickly distributed — seemingly diverse sites and types of activisms being rapidly connected and speaking to each other. Does this scale and momentum signal a tipping point in a ‘globalization of disaffection’? Are we witnessing the emergence of a new age‐cohort of activists, similar to the ‘1968 generation’? What were the common elements, and what energy was driving the activisms of the squares and the blog spots? This Introduction to the Forum Debate section will try to position the notion of ‘Activisms 2010+’ in terms of its nature and relevance to current debates about citizen‐led socio‐political change. We argue that contemporary activisms constitute a distinct shift in the character of civic engagement as they surf on waves created by the increased availability and use of social media, and by a common set of rights‐based demands.
Effects of regularity on the processing of sound omission in a tone sequence in musicians and non‐musicians
Authors: Ono Kentaro , Matsuhashi Masao , Mima Tatsuya , Fukuyama Hidenao , Altmann Christian F. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractNumerous studies have reported that perceptual grouping affects the pre‐attentive processing of sound omission in a sequence of tones. However, it remains unclear whether or not the perceptual grouping and musical experience affect the attentive processing of sound omission. To this end, we created a sequence of loud (L) and soft (S) tones grouped as ‘LLSLLS…’ and a random sequence of the L and S tones. The omission of the L tones was inserted pseudo‐randomly in the random sequence, and there were two positions at which it was inserted. For within‐group omission, the omission was after the first L tone within the ‘LLS’ pattern. For between‐group omission, the omission was inserted between the patterns. The brain response to the omission in musicians and non‐musicians was measured using magnetoencephalography. During the magnetoencephalography measurement, the subjects' performance in a task to detect the omission was faster in the random sequence than in the group sequence. Source analysis showed that the omission in the random sequence caused greater activity than that in the group sequence. The increase was found in the right inferior parietal lobe in musicians, whereas it was found in the left superior temporal gyrus in non‐musicians. These results suggest that the attentive processing of perceptual grouping might implicate the left superior temporal gyrus or right inferior parietal lobe, depending on musical experience.
Are therapeutic effects of antiacne agents mediated by activation of FoxO1 and inhibition of mTORC1?
Authors: Melnik Bodo C. , Schmitz Gerd 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAcne pathogenesis has recently been linked to decreased nuclear FoxO1 levels and increased mTORC1 activity. This hypothesis postulates that antiacne agents either enhance nuclear FoxO activity or inhibit mTORC1. Benzoyl peroxide (BPO), by activation of oxidative stress‐inducible kinases, increases nuclear FoxO levels promoting Sestrin3‐mediated AMPK activation. Furthermore, BPO‐derived ROS may activate AMPK via ataxia–telangiectasia mutated. Isotretinoin and all‐trans retinoic acid may stimulate FoxO gene expression. Doxycycline may enhance FoxOs nuclear retention by inhibiting the expression of exportin 1. Suppression of TNFα signalling by tetracyclines, erythromycin and other macrolides may attenuate IKKβ‐TSC1‐mediated mTORC1 activation. Erythromycin attenuates ERK1/2 activity and thereby increases TSC2. Azelaic acid may decrease mTORC1 by inhibiting mitochondrial respiration, increasing cellular ROS and nuclear FoxO levels. Antiandrogens may attenuate mTORC1 by suppressing mTORC2‐mediated Akt/TSC2 signalling. This hypothesis unmasks a common mode of action of antiacne agents as either FoxO enhancers or mTORC1 inhibitors and thus provides a rational approach for the development of new antiacne agents.
The balancing act of captive breeding programmes: salmon stocking and angler catch statistics
Authors: Young K. A. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe debate over Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., stocking in Britain centres on the trade‐off between enhancing rod fisheries and harming wild populations. This article informs the debate by quantifying the relationship between stocking and angler catch statistics for 62 rivers over 15 years. After controlling for environmental factors affecting adult abundance, the 42 rivers with stocking had non‐significantly lower mean catch statistics than the 20 rivers without stocking. This difference increased with the age of stocked fish. Among stocked rivers, weak relationships between mean stocking effort and catch statistics also became more negative with the age of stocked fish. For stocked rivers, there was no evidence for a generally positive relationship between annual stocking efforts and catch statistics. Those rivers for which stocking appeared to improve annual rod catches tended to have lower than expected mean rod catches. The results suggest the damage inflicted on wild salmon populations by stocking is not balanced by detectable benefits to rod fisheries.
Land availability and potential biomass production with poplar and willow short rotation coppices in Germany
Authors: Aust Cisco , Schweier Janine , Brodbeck Frank , Sauter Udo Hans , Becker Gero , Schnitzler Jörg‐Peter 
Published: May 2013

AbstractSeveral factors influence land availability for the growth of short rotation coppices (SRC) with fast‐growing tree species, including the nationwide availability of agricultural land, economic efficiency, ecological impacts, political boundaries and environmental protection regulations. In this study, we analysed the growing potential of poplar and willow SRC for bioenergy purposes in Germany without negative ecological impacts or land use conflicts. The potential biomass production using SRC on agricultural land in Germany was assessed taking into account ecological, ethical, political and technical restrictions. Using a geographic information system (GIS), digital site maps, climate data and a digital terrain model, the SRC biomass production potential on cropland and grassland was estimated using water supply and mean temperature during the growing season as parameters. From this analysis, a yield model for SRC was developed based on the analysed growth data and site information of 62 short rotation plantations in Germany and France. To assess the technical, ethical and ecological potential of SRC, restrictions in protected areas, technical constraints and competition with food and feed production were investigated. Our results revealed that approximately 18% (2.12 Mio. ha) of cropland and 54% (2.5 Mio. ha) of grassland in Germany were highly suitable for SRC plantations, providing favourable water supplies and mean temperatures during the growing season. These identified sites produced an average yield of more than 14 tons of dry matter per hectare per year. Due to local climate and soil conditions, the federal states in northern and eastern Germany had the highest theoretical SRC potential for agricultural land. After considering all ecological, ethical, political and technical restrictions, as well as future climate predictions, 5.7% (680 000 ha) of cropland and 33% (1.5 Mio. ha) of grassland in Germany were classified as suitable for biomass production with fast‐growing tree species in SRC.
Estimating unknown parameters in haemophilia using expert judgement elicitation
Authors: Fischer K. , Lewandowski D. , Janssen M. P. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryThe increasing attention to healthcare costs and treatment efficiency has led to an increasing demand for quantitative data concerning patient and treatment characteristics in haemophilia. However, most of these data are difficult to obtain. The aim of this study was to use expert judgement elicitation (EJE) to estimate currently unavailable key parameters for treatment models in severe haemophilia A. Using a formal expert elicitation procedure, 19 international experts provided information on (i) natural bleeding frequency according to age and onset of bleeding, (ii) treatment of bleeds, (iii) time needed to control bleeding after starting secondary prophylaxis, (iv) dose requirements for secondary prophylaxis according to onset of bleeding, and (v) life‐expectancy. For each parameter experts provided their quantitative estimates (median, P10, P90), which were combined using a graphical method. In addition, information was obtained concerning key decision parameters of haemophilia treatment. There was most agreement between experts regarding bleeding frequencies for patients treated on demand with an average onset of joint bleeding (1.7 years): median 12 joint bleeds per year (95% confidence interval 0.9–36) for patients ≤18, and 11 (0.8–61) for adult patients. Less agreement was observed concerning estimated effective dose for secondary prophylaxis in adults: median 2000 IU every other day The majority (63%) of experts expected that a single minor joint bleed could cause irreversible damage, and would accept up to three minor joint bleeds or one trauma related joint bleed annually on prophylaxis. Expert judgement elicitation allowed structured capturing of quantitative expert estimates. It generated novel data to be used in computer modelling, clinical care, and trial design.
Temporomandibular Disorders and Chronic Daily Headaches in the Community and in Specialty Care
Authors: da Silva Junior Ariovaldo Alberto , Krymchantowski Abouch Valenty , Gomes João Bosco Lima , Leite Frederico Mota Gonçalves , Alves Betânia Mara Franco , Lara Rodrigo Pinto , Gómez Rodrigo Santiago , Teixeira Antônio Lúcio 
Published: May 2013

BackgroundChronic daily headaches (CDHs) are often associated with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). However, large studies assessing the relationship were conducted in general, and not clinical, populations. Thus, clinical exams were not completed. Clinic‐based studies with expert diagnosis are, in turn, often small and may not be representative.ObjectiveTo contrast the demographic and clinical symptoms of CDH and TMD in participants within the general population relative to patients seen in a headache clinic.MethodsAll inhabitants 10 years and older of a small city in Brazil were interviewed. Those with more than 15 days of headache per month were examined by a team consisting of a neurologist, a dentist, and a physical therapist. Headaches were classified as per the Second Edition of the International Classification of Headache Disorders and TMD as per the Research Diagnostic Criteria. The procedure was repeated (by the same team) with CDH sufferers consecutively seen in a headache center.ResultsOf 1605 inhabitants interviewed, 57 (3.6%) had CDH, and 43 completed all physical assessments. For specialty care group, of 289 patients, 92 had CDH, and 85 completed all assessments. No significant differences were seen for gender and age, but education level was significantly higher among those recruited at specialty care. Muscular TMD happened in 30.2% of CDH patients from the community vs 55.3% in the headache center (difference of −25.1%, 95% confidence interval of difference = −40.8% to −9.4%). No TMD happened in 41.9% of those recruited from the population relative to 20% of those in the headache center (21.9%, 95% confidence interval = 6.7‐37.1%).ConclusionIndividuals with CDH recruited from the general population are significantly less likely to have CDH relative to those selected from the headache center. Issues of generalizability are of concern when conducting clinic‐based studies on the topic.
SALL4 is a marker of the embryonal subtype of hepatoblastoma
Authors: Gnemmi Viviane , Leteurtre Emmanuelle , Sudour‐Bonnange Hélène , Devisme Louise , Guettier Catherine , Buob David , Leroy Xavier 
Published: May 2013

AimsSALL4 is a marker of germ cell tumours. The aim of this study was to investigate SALL4 expression in blastemal tumours, particularly in hepatoblastoma.Methods and resultsThe study included 12 hepatoblastomas. Eight hepatoblastomas were pure epithelial tumours, and four were mixed epithelial and mesenchymal tumours. The patients were nine males and three females with a mean age of 14.6 months. Immunohistochemistry was performed with an antibody against SALL4, using an automated immunostainer. Seven of 12 hepatoblastomas showed nuclear staining only in the embryonal component. Fetal and mesenchymal components were negative.ConclusionsSALL4 is expressed in blastemal tumours, particularly in the embryonal subtype of hepatoblastoma. Pathologists need to be aware of such expression so that misdiagnosis can be avoided.