bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elevated Right Ventricular Systolic Pressure and Outcomes after Major Hip Surgery: A Case Control Study
Authors: Carton Meghan , O’Driscoll David N. , Marsh Brian , Gaine Sean , McMahon Aisling 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Patients at risk of pulmonary hypertension (PH) frequently present for emergency orthopedic surgery. A right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) of 35 mmHg or above, calculated from a tricuspid regurgitant jet on transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is widely considered an appropriate screening test for PH.1 The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of an elevated RVSP detected on preoperative TTE on outcomes after hip replacement or fracture fixation surgery. We undertook a retrospective, single centre, case control study of 115 adult patients who had a TTE before undergoing hip surgery over a six-year period. Forty-eight patients (42%) had an elevated RVSP and 67 patients (58%) had a normal RVSP on preoperative TTE. Patients with an elevated RVSP were older and had a higher prevalence of atrial fibrillation and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In multivariate analysis there was no significant association between these variables and in hospital mortality. In keeping with the echocardiographic characteristics of high right-sided pressure, tricuspid regurgitation and right ventricular dilation occurred more frequently in the elevated RVSP group. Patients with an elevated RVSP were significantly more likely to die in hospital, with all in hospital deaths occurring within this group (9/48 (19%) vs 0/67 (0%), p = < 0.001). Four patients died within one week of surgery after a cardiac arrest. The remaining 5 patients died a median of 26 (IQR 24–59) days after surgery due to pneumonia and progression of comorbid disease, often complicated by delirium. This study highlights the potential association between an elevated preoperative RVSP and increased mortality after hip replacement or fracture fixation surgery.
Research on the construction and fidelity evaluation of digital twins for CNC machine tools
Authors: Zhang Xiaogang , Chen Wei , Li Jian , Zhao Zhongyuan , Yin Zhenkun , Mu Zongyi , Wang Hongwei 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Performance evaluation of computer numerical control (CNC) machine tools is challenging due to high costs, experimental difficulties, and data scarcity. Digital twin technology can effectively address this issue through interactions between the physical and virtual environments. An executable high-fidelity digital twin is the foundation for utilizing digital twin technology in performance evaluation. Current research rarely focuses on the simplification methods and fidelity evaluation of CNC machine tool digital twins. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel digital twin construction methodology and introduces fidelity evaluation metrics based on the three-layer division of meta-action theory. Additionally, a multi-indicator weight allocation method is presented for the quantitative analysis of model updates and iterations. Firstly, CNC machine tools are divided into three layers: system level, chain level, and unit level based on meta-action theory. The digital twin architecture comprises the physical entity, information assurance layer, virtual entity, and functional application layer. Furthermore, a multi-level assessment framework is established, incorporating general indicators, system-level indicators, and unit-level indicators. To facilitate a qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the digital twins, the analytic hierarchy process and entropy weighting method are employed for weight allocation. This proposed approach simplifies the construction of digital twins and provides robust evaluation methods for their enhancement. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology is validated through a case study on the axial stiffness performance testing of a specific CNC machine tool rotary table model.
Soil forensics predicting acidic pollutants based on 16S rRNA gene of acidophiles and machine learning
Authors: Park Suin , Nguyen Minh Thi , Jeon Junbeom , Yoo Keunje , Oh Jeong-Eun , Shin Jea-Ho , Bae Hyokwan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

In industrial settings, events such as explosions, fires, and container breakages can lead to the extensive leakage of acids into the soil environment. As awareness of acidic soil contamination grows, efforts are being made to identify the sources of such pollution to improve soil sustainability. This study aimed to identify HCl, HF, HNO3, and H2SO4 pollution in soil using 16S rRNA gene profiles of acidophiles. Exposure to these pollutants lowered soil pH to 1.8-2.0, causing a decline in proteobacteria and a rise in acidophilic firmicutes, as shown by NGS and T-RFLP analysis. Using this data for clustering analysis, distinct groupings emerged based on the type of acidic contaminant. Although the T-RFLP dataset provided a clearer distinction compared to NGS, pinpointing the specific acidic contaminants with precision remained challenging. The machine learning model using artificial neural networks achieved a 94.4% accuracy in predicting acidic contaminants using the species level NGS data. When utilizing T-RFLP data, it demonstrated an accuracy of 86.9%, showing performance between the genus and family classification levels of NGS. The artificially augmented T-RFLP data further enhanced predictive accuracy. This combined technology of machine learning and molecular microbial detection offers a new approach to soil contamination monitoring.
Exploring the Biogenesis of Extracellular Vesicles in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology: Diverge Origins, Common Threads
Authors: Sharma Yashvi , Mohanty Sujata 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

In the intricate web of cellular communication, the endosome originating small Extracellular Vesicles (sEVs), also known as exosomes, are crucial mediators and have gained significant attention in theranostics. The current knowledge about sEVs biogenesis has been gleaned by studying the biogenesis pathways in cancer cells, which holds importance for diagnostic purposes. However, pertaining therapeutics, where stem cell sEVs are considered as one of the new investigational drugs, the biogenesis pathways remain largely unexplored. This article unravels parallel narratives in sEVs biogenesis within cancer cells and stem cells. It seeks to explore the involvement of key regulators of sEVs biogenesis identified in cancer cells, vis-à-vis the biogenesis pathways of stem cells. Intriguingly, while these proteins exhibit similarities, a discernible difference arises in their primary function in the regulation of sEVs biogenesis. Notably, ALIX's pivotal role in stem cell biogenesis underscores its potential as a target for modulating sEVs yield in regenerative therapies. Through this comparative analysis, we shed light on shared molecular signatures, offering insights to guide therapeutic interventions, and harness the regenerative potential of stem cells.
Comparative Analysis of Burden of Topmost Disorders Requiring Rehabilitation Services – a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Ekechukwu Echezona Nelson Dominic , Chijioke Olive Udunma , ROTIMI Dorcas Tamilore , DHAMIJA Rajinder K. , ILECHUKWU Tochukwu Bright , OLOWOYO Paul , OJEH Amala Blessing , FENG Wuwei , BENJAMIN Solomon Chidubem , DADA Olumide Olasunkanmi , ATUEYI Blessing Chiagozikam , PLATZ Thomas , Owolabi Mayowa Ojo 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background: Rehabilitation is an essential health service that should be available for all. Equitable distribution of scarce and limited rehabilitation resources is determined by the burden of diseases. Most studies on burden of diseases have laid greater emphasis on disability adjusted life years (DALYs) and rarely compared these burdens among conditions. This present study aims to systematically review and compare the burden of the top 10 GBD ranking of disorders.
Method: This review was pre-registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022316091). PubMed and Google Scholar were systematically searched as well as a manual search of grey literatures from 01/01/1990 to 29/02/2022. The results of this review were reported based on PRISMA guideline. Meta-analysis results were presented using forest plots and summary tables.
Results: A total of 11,367 studies were obtained from the searches, while the findings of 55 studies (17,753,434 participants) were reviewed. Majority of the studies were conducted in high-income-countries (56.1%) though, all the studies on neonatal disorders (100.0%) and congenital birth disorders (100.0%) came from the low-and-middle-income-countries. Neonatal disorders, stroke and ischaemic heart disease (IHD) topped the rank of disease burden. Overall, the burden of neurological disorders and their associated risk factors (aRFs), in terms of disease prevalence, were evaluated to be 36.75% while their mortality rate was 29.90%. Neurological conditions and aRFs accounted for 61.83% of total economic burden.
Conclusion: Neonatal disorders, stroke and IHD are the three most burdensome disorders. There is therefore need for greater focus of rehabilitation attention and resources in the coming decades. Keywords: Burden of diseases, Rehabilitation, Systematic Review, Comparative Analysis
Reference charts for fetal corpus callosum length in the early second trimester: a prospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Bozbay Nizamettin , Taşpınar Merve Nur , Pekin Aybike Tazegül 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to establish normal reference ranges for fetal corpus callosum (CC) measured by prenatal ultrasonography (USG) between 16-25 weeks of gestation in healthy fetuses.
Material and Method: A total of 809 fetuses in the second trimester were evaluated by transabdominal USG. All measurements were obtained by a single clinician.
Results:
Based on the correlation analysis, a significant positive correlation was found between gestational week and CC (r=0.907; p<0.001).
Conclusion: We anticipate that the reference intervals obtained from healthy fetuses will help clinicians who are interested in neurosonography to detect CC abnormalities at an early stage.
Does Moringa Oleifera Protect the Brain Against 3-Acetylpyridine-Induced Cerebellar Ataxia?
Authors: Hassan Doaa Mohamad , Sabra Nourhan Tharwat , Farghaly Maha Eid , Sedeak Ahmed Yahia 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

There is no treatment for some neurological conditions, like cerebellar ataxia (CA). Moringa Oleifera (MO) has been revealed to have neuroprotective properties, but little is known about how it could protect against CA. In this study, we studied the neuroprotective effects of MO in an animal model of CA induced by 3-acetylpyridine (3-AP), which showed deficits in balance and motor coordination. Although cerebellar neuroinflammatory responses are evident in CA, it is yet unclear how neuroinflammation might influence CA. Here, we investigate whether MO, which has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective qualities, can help with cerebellar neurodegeneration and locomotor activity deficits. Four groups of 24 adult male rats were divided into four equal groups. The control group received saline orally, the MO group received MO extract orally, the 3-AP group was injected with 3-AP, and the 3-AP + MO combined group received both 3-AP and MO for four weeks. The animals underwent a motor coordination test on the experiment’s first and last days. At the end of the experiment, the animals were euthanized, the cerebellums were dissected, and they were then subjected to standard biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical studies. The combined group showed remarkable improvement in the CA. The cerebellar neurodegeneration and declination of locomotor activity had improved. Our findings imply that MO may protect against the CA degenerative condition and improve cerebellar function.
Nonlinear correlation between prognostic nutritional indices (PNI) and patients with sepsis: a retrospective study based on the MIMIC database.
Authors: Han Xu , Qi Baofeng , Yuan Weiwei , Liu Yue , Liu Bin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background: The objective of this study was to explore the association between PNI and mortality among sepsis patients.
Methods: Data in the present study were obtained from MIMIC-IV. PNI was calculated as follows: serum albumin concentration (g/L) + 0.005 × lymphocyte count. The primary outcome of this study was in-hospital mortality. COX proportional hazard regression analysis was conducted to examine the association between PNI and in-hospital mortality. A linear trend was evaluated by including the median PNI of each group as a continuous variable in the model. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis was employed to explore the linear relationship between PNI and the risk of in-hospital mortality and to investigate the interaction between PNI and different factors.
Results: A total of 2794 patients were included in this study and divided into four groups (Q1-Q4) according to PNI quartile values. In the fully adjusted model, in-hospital mortality of patients in the highest quartile group of PNI values was 49.4% (HR = 0.506, 95% CI: 0.342-0.747, P = 0.001) lower than those in the lowest quartile group, respectively, with a statistically significant trend toward increased risk, Ptrend < 0.001. RCS analysis showed that an L-shaped association between PNI and in-hospital mortality. Subgroup analyses showed a association between PNI and in-hospital mortality in different strata of patients, with a negative correlation between PNI and in-hospital mortality in all groups (HR <1 in each group).
Conclusions: There is a strong correlation between low PNI and an increased risk of death during hospitalization in patients with sepsis. An L-shaped association was observed between PNI and in-hospital mortality in patients with sepsis, with an inflection point at 33.99.
Association of ABO Blood Group with Blood Pressure in Healthy Adults of Districts Hyderabad Pakistan
Authors: Shaikh Shakil Ahmed , Memon Salma Farukh , Laghari Keenjhar Rani , Rahu Naila Hajira , Shah Hanozia , Laghari Zulfiqar Ali 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objectives
This study was conducted to find out any association of the ABO blood group with blood pressure.
Methodology
This cross-sectional study includes 600 randomly selected subjects from the different organizations of district Hyderabad including Universities, colleges, Hospitals, their students, faculty members, and their employees. This study was conducted from February 2021 to January 2022. Informed consent was obtained from volunteers. A detailed history was taken followed by a thorough clinical examination. Blood pressure was recorded with a mercury sphygmomanometer. Blood grouping was done by ABO typing. Data obtained were analyzed by SPSS version 20.0.
Results
In this study, the B blood group was found more prevalent in district Hyderabad, and blood group B was found more associated with increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
Conclusion
The incidence of hypertension is high in Pakistan as found in other developing countries. In this study, the evidence is suggestive of the association of the B blood group with increased blood pressure in young healthy adults of district Hyderabad Pakistan.
Adolescents Perceptions and Behaviors Towards Periodic Health Examinations in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alrukban Mohammed , Alsultan Ahmad , Alnasser Alwaleed , Alayban Ahmed , Almousa Mohammed , Alotaibi Salman 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objectives: To evaluate and assess the awareness, knowledge, and level of application of recommended Periodic health examinations (PHEs) for adolescents in Riyadh.
Methods: Descriptive Cross-sectional study, conducted among adolescents between June 2022 and January 2023. The Sample size was 1199 adolescents of both genders, between the ages of 12-20 years, studying in intermediate and secondary schools in Riyadh. The sample of participants was collected through a stratified multistage random sampling technique. Ethical approval and Ministry of Education acceptance were considered. The data was collected using a structured, self-administered questionnaire containing close-ended questions. The level of knowledge was assessed by using three knowledge items; PHE definition, PHEs performance time, and the list of recommended PHEs known. The level of performance was assessed based on the performance of recommended (Six recommended PHEs by Saudi CDC) and none-recommended (Nine non-recommended PHEs as distractors).
Results: Among the (1199) adolescents, the vast majority (70.6%) were aware of the PHEs. There is a positive attitude of adolescents toward PHEs, with (75.8%) acknowledging their importance and (87.1%) willing to undergo PHEs if given the opportunity. Despite this positive attitude, the actual knowledge and performance of PHEs remains relatively low, with (56.1%) being illiterate about it and only (36.8%) having undergone PHEs at least once, and a smaller percentage (26.1%) doing so regularly. There was a clear association (p<0.05) between the level of knowledge and application. Adolescents with adequate knowledge had a higher prevalence of application (56.8% VS 43.2%). There was an association between Adolescents' level of education and their levels of knowledge and performance (p<0.05). The more educated adolescents the higher their knowledge level and performance level. There was also an association between the availability of health insurance and application. The presence of health insurance increases the probability of applying PHEs. The most used sources of information regarding PHEs were digital sources (62.1%).
Conclusion: The study concluded that there is a positive attitude of adolescents toward PHEs. The study highlights a disparity in knowledge and performance of PHEs among adolescents, influenced by socio-demographic factors such as gender, nationality, type of school, and parental education. Females and students from private or international schools, as well as those with higher levels of parental education, demonstrated better knowledge and higher performance rates of PHEs. The research underscores the role of digital sources in educating adolescents about PHEs. This study emphasizes the need for targeted educational interventions to improve adolescent knowledge and performance of PHEs, considering the identified barriers and socio-demographic influences.
Deep Multi-Biometric Fuzzy Commitment Scheme: Fusion Methods and Performance
Authors: Fohr Valentina , Rathgeb Christian 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Biometric cryptosystems offer privacy-preserving authentication using biometric data, such as fingerprints or iris scans. However, single modalities suffer from limited entropy, impacting both recognition performance and security. This work investigates the fusion of multiple biometric characteristics to address these limitations.
This study provides a detailed description of the Deep Multi-biometric Fuzzy Commitment Scheme and its components. In the experimental setup, we demonstrate how Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are used to tackle the challenge of non-uniform representation vectors by generating uniform embeddings. This process generates the monomodal databases of iris and fingerprint vectors, as well as the multibiometric database. We then evaluate our three proposed fusion methods: concatenation, interleaving, and random shuffling within the fuzzy commitment scheme using error correction methods such as Hadamard and Reed-Solomon codes.
The evaluation of performance and security reveals that random shuffling outperforms other methods like interleaving and concatenation in terms of recognition performance. Concatenation displayed the lowest performance. Finally, the findings are summarized and potential improvements are discussed.
Efficacy of chemotherapy for patients with gastric cancer with early recurrence during or after adjuvant chemotherapy with S-1 alone: A multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Yamaguchi Toshifumi , Kumagai Koshi , Yagi Shusuke , Nomura Takashi , Nagashima Kengo , Watanabe Masaya , Makuuchi Rie , Kawakami Kentaro , Matsushima Tomohiro , Kadowaki Shigenori , Haruta Shusuke , Cho Haruhiko , Kakihara Naoki , Otsuka Shinya , Yamada Takanobu , Imai Yoshiro , Boku Narikazu 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

This study aimed to survey the efficacy of chemotherapy regimens in the real world setting and explore the most promising regimen for patients experiencing early recurrence for gastric cancer. We retrospectively reviewed the clinical course of 207 patients with gastric cancer, who developed early recurrence during or within 6 months after completing S-1 adjuvant therapy at 19 Japanese institutions between 2012 and 2016. The treatment regimens after recurrence were fluoropyrimidines plus platinum-based regimens (FP) in 91 (44%) patients, paclitaxel-based regimens (PTX) in 102 (49%), and irinotecan-based regimens (IRI) in 14 (7%). The overall response and disease control rates were 28.7% and 54.1%. Median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 5.1 and 12.9 months, respectively. In the FP, PTX, and IRI regimens, the median PFS and OS were 5.9, 4.1, 4.1 months and 12.8, 12.9, and 11.8 months, respectively. The combination of PTX and ramucirumab demonstrated the most favorable survival. Multivariate analyses for OS showed that recurrence during adjuvant chemotherapy and undifferentiated histological type were independent poor prognostic factors. Although the prognosis of patients with early recurrence even withadjuvant S-1 was poor, PTX plus ramucirumab therapy could be a potential treatment option.
Prevalence of Malnutrition and Micronutrient Deficiencies in Older Adults with Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Memel Zoe , Thiemann Anna , Dort Cooper , Mahadevan Uma , Beck Kendall 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims: The nutritional status and consequences of malnutrition among older adults with ulcerative colitis (UC) is not known.
Methods: We conducted a single-center, retrospective study of patients 65 years and older with Ulcerative colitis (UC). Malnutrition was defined using the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) definition. Eight micronutrient deficiencies and nutrition-related outcomes were measured. The Saskatchewan Inflammatory Bowel Disease–Nutrition Risk Tool was utilized to identify patients at risk for malnutrition. Data was summarized using descriptive statistics. Characteristics of patients with and without malnutrition were compared using Chi Square test or Fisher’s exact tests (analysis of variance for age) where appropriate.
Results: Two-hundred and ninety patients with a mean age of 73.4 years were included. 54% of patients had moderate to severe UC, with 52% receiving advanced therapy. Fifty-one patients (18%) met criteria for malnutrition, 17% were moderate to high risk for malnutrition, and 87% were low risk. 220 patients (76%) had at least one micronutrient deficiency: 38% vitamin D deficiency, 43% iron deficiency and 11% B12 deficiency. Half of patients had osteoporosis or osteopenia (49%), however, only39% of high-risk patients had undergone a DEXA scan.
Conclusions: Older adults with UC are high risk for malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies. This population is at particularly high risk for bone-related disease, yet a significant proportion of patients are not undergoing guideline-directed bone density testing. These findings illustrate the need for regular screening for malnutrition, micronutrient deficiency, and bone-related disease in older adults with UC.