bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of permanent stoma in extensive Crohn's colitis: the impact of biological drugs
Authors: Coscia M. , Gentilini L. , Laureti S. , Gionchetti P. , Rizzello F. , Campieri M. , Calabrese C. , Poggioli G. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAimThe overall risk of permanent stoma was determined in patients with extensive Crohn's colitis. An attempt was made to analyse whether biological drugs have modified the surgical approach in patients with anorectal involvement.MethodIn all, 233 patients with Crohn's disease colitis operated on between 1995 and 2010 were reviewed retrospectively. Fifty‐one were treated before 2002 (prebiological era) and 182 after 2002 (biological era). The relationship was determined between the use of immunosuppressors, biological drugs, the presence of perianal disease and anorectal stenosis and the rate of permanent stoma formation.ResultsIn the prebiological era 23 (45.1%) patients without anorectal involvement underwent colectomy and ileorectal anastomosis, 17 (33.3%) with severe anorectal disease had proctocolectomy and 11 (21.6%) with anorectal involvement had abdominal colectomy with permanent ileostomy. In the biological era 73 (40.1%) patients without anorectal involvement underwent colectomy and ileorectal anastomosis, nine (5%) with severe anorectal involvement had proctocolectomy and 100 (54.9%) with anorectal involvement had colectomy with terminal ileostomy. Of these 100, 75 have subsequently been treated with biological drugs with full regression of anorectal lesions in 81.3%. Rates of permanent stoma in the prebiological and biological era were 60.8% and 19.2% (P < 0.001). Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that only the use of biological drugs was significantly associated with an increased rate of rectal preservation (P < 0.05).ConclusionThe risk of a permanent stoma in patients with Crohn's colitis and anorectal involvement is significantly reduced with combined surgical and biological treatment.
Decreasing incidence of AA amyloidosis in Spain
Authors: Panizo Nayara , Rivera Francisco , López‐Gómez Juan M. ,   All the members of the Spanish Registry of Glomerulonephritis
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe main objectives of our study were to review all cases of amyloidosis diagnosed by renal biopsy in Spain from 1994 to 2009 and to analyse variations in the incidence over time.Materials and methodsWe analysed all biopsies from native kidneys included in the Spanish Registry of Glomerulonephritis. A total of 120 centres provided 17 680 biopsies over 16 years. Follow‐up was divided in four periods.ResultsWe collected 653 cases of renal amyloidosis. In 438 cases (67%), amyloidosis type was specified, [AA amyloidosis, 253 cases (57·8%); AL amyloidosis, 185 cases (42·2%)]. Mean age was 60 (17·8) years; 51·4% of patients were younger than 65. Overall incidence was 3·7%. In patients < 65, AA amyloidosis was present in 66·1% and AL amyloidosis in 33·9% (P < 0·01). No differences were found in patients > 65. Patients with AA amyloidosis were younger (56·8 vs. 64·0, P < 0·01) and had worse creatinine clearance (35 vs. 57 mL/min, P < 0·01). We found a decrease in the incidence among biopsies collected during each of the 4 study periods (4·2%, 3·9%, 3·5% and 3·2%, respectively, P < 0·001).ConclusionsThis is the largest series of renal amyloidosis in kidney biopsies published to date. We found amyloidosis to be decreasing slowly in Spain. This decrease affects both types and is confirmed in all cases marked in patients < 65 and in AA type. AA amyloidosis was the most frequent in our series. Patients affected by it were younger and had worse kidney function, with no differences in the level of proteinuria.
Log colonization by Ips sexdentatus prevented by increasing host unsuitability signaled by verbenone
Authors: Etxebeste Iñaki , Álvarez Gonzalo , Pajares Juan 
Published: April 2013

AbstractSudden increments of breeding material after windstorms, forest fires, or inappropriate management practices help bark beetles such as Ips sexdentatus Boerner (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) increase in numbers and colonize standing healthy pine trees. Preventing bark beetles from arriving to susceptible trees or logs may have great relevance for bark beetle management. Recent studies have reported inhibition of the aggregation response of I. sexdentatus using verbenone. Two field experiments were conducted to examine the effect of verbenone on the colonization pattern of this beetle. The first experiment tested the combined effect of trans‐conophthorin, a non‐host bark volatile with known repellent effect, and verbenone on Pinus sylvestris L. (Pinaceae) log piles of two sizes, but failed to protect them against I. sexdentatus attack when these two infochemicals were released at low rates. The results of this experiment suggested an interaction with the associated secondary bark beetle Orthotomicus erosus (Wollaston). A second experiment examined the response of I. sexdentatus and O. erosus to log piles that released verbenone at 0, 2, 10, or 40 mg day−1. Although I. sexdentatus colonization of Pinus nigra Arnold logs was completely prevented at 40 mg day−1, O. erosus could be found at all tested verbenone release rates. Besides verbenone, O. erosus colonization density and the height from which logs originated were the variables that best explained I. sexdentatus log colonization pattern. In addition, I. sexdentatus and O. erosus were rarely recorded colonizing the same log, and niche breadth analyses suggested that they excluded each other. The role of verbenone in the colonization process and its potential use in the prevention of population buildups of damaging bark beetles such as I. sexdentatus are discussed.
Comparisons of the thermal physiology of water hyacinth biological control agents: predicting establishment and distribution pre‐ and post‐release
Authors: May Bronwen , Coetzee Julie 
Published: April 2013

AbstractInvestigations into the thermal physiology of weed biological control agents may elucidate reasons for establishment failure following release. Such studies have shown that the success of water hyacinth biological control in South Africa remains variable in the high‐lying interior Highveld region, because the control agents are restricted to establishment and development due to extreme winter conditions. To determine the importance of thermal physiology studies, both pre‐ and post‐release, this study compared the known thermal requirements of Eccritotarsus catarinensis (Carvalho) (Hemiptera: Miridae) released in 1996, with those of an agent released in 1990, Niphograpta albiguttalis (Warren) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and a candidate agent, Megamelus scutellaris Berg (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), which is currently under consideration for release. The lower developmental threshold (to) and rate of development (K) were determined for N. albiguttalis and M. scutellaris, using a reduced axis regression, and incorporated into a degree‐day model which compared the number of generations that E. catarinensis, N. albiguttalis, and M. scutellaris are capable of producing annually at any given site in South Africa. The degree‐day models predicted that N. albiguttalis (K = 439.43, to = 9.866) can complete 4–11 generations per year, whereas M. scutellaris (K =502.96, to = 11.458) can only complete 0–10 generations per year, compared with E. catarinensis (K = 342, to = 10.3) which is predicted to complete 3–14 generations per year. This suggests that the candidate agent, M. scutellaris, will not fare better in establishment than the other two agents that have been released in the Highveld, and that it may not be worth releasing an agent with higher thermal requirements than the agents that already occur in these high‐lying areas. Thermal physiology studies conducted prior to release are important tools in biological control programmes, particularly those in resource‐limited countries, to prevent wasting efforts in getting an agent established.
Survey of the genus Bursaphelenchus Fuchs, 1937 (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) in Romania
Authors: Calin M. , Vieira P. , Costache C. , Braasch H. , Gu J. , Wang J. , Mota M. 
Published: April 2013

An overview of the occurrence of species of the genus Bursaphelenchus in Romania is presented. The data is based on recent surveys conducted for the first time throughout the country, to monitor and evaluate the potential entry of the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. Wood samples were collected from declining trees, wood‐processing companies and imported wood packaging material. Of the 895 wood samples examined, 11 contained Bursaphelenchus specimens. Morphological and molecular analyses were carried out to characterize the species detected. With respect to the possible presence of B. xylophilus, all samples were negative, confirming the absence of this quarantine pest in Romania. Nevertheless, five Bursaphelenchus species were found: B. hofmanni, B. poligraphi, B. vallesianus, B. willibaldi, and one putative new species belonging to the sexdentati group, classified here as Bursaphelenchus sp. NR512. These results constitute the first report of the genus Bursaphelenchus in Romania.
Efficacy of insecticides through contact and oral uptake towards four Agriotes wireworm species under controlled conditions
Authors: van Rozen K. , Huiting H. F. , Wilhelm R. , Heger M. , Ester A. 
Published: April 2013

Wireworms of Agriotes lineatus, A. obscurus, A. sputator and A. sordidus were exposed to insecticide treated soil using two different control methods. One method consisted of a spray application of insecticides at doses of 50, 100, 200, and 300 g a.i. per ha. The other method consisted of a bait treatment at doses of 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 g a.i. per ha. Four insecticides were tested: fipronil and the neonicotinoids thiamethoxam, imidacloprid and clothianidin. In the soil treatment trial, chlorpyrifos was added as a reference treatment. The two test methods were conducted at different dates on the various species, but in equally controlled conditions. Mortality was observed after one and two (bait treatment) or three (soil treatment) weeks of exposure. Fipronil was highly lethal to each of the wireworm species tested, regardless of the method used. In general, mortality was higher compared to the neonicotinoids tested, the latter showing low or no mortality at the given dose and exposure variants. Applying fipronil in a bait formulation may decrease the amount of active ingredient per ha considerably, therefore baits may have important environmental benefits.
Effects of harvesting of increasing intensities on genetic diversity and population structure of white spruce
Authors: Fageria Manphool S. , Rajora Om P. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractForest harvesting of increasing intensities is expected to have intensifying impacts on the genetic diversity and population structure of postharvest naturally regenerated stands by affecting the magnitude of evolutionary processes, such as genetic drift, gene flow, mating system, and selection. We have tested this hypothesis for the first time by employing widely distributed boreal white spruce (Picea glauca) as a model and controlled, replicated experimental harvesting and regeneration experiment at theEMENDproject site (http://www.emendproject.org). We used two approaches. First, genetic diversity and population structure of postharvest natural regeneration after five harvesting treatments (green tree retention of 75%, 50%, 20%, and 10%, and clearcut) were assessed and compared with those of the unharvested control (pristine preharvest old‐growth) in two replicates each of conifer‐dominated (CD) and mixed‐wood (MW) forest, using 10 (sixEST(expressed sequence tag) and four genomic) microsatellite markers. Second, genetic diversity and population structure of preharvest old‐growth were compared with those of postharvest natural regeneration after five harvesting treatments in the same treatment blocks in one replicate each ofCDandMWforests. Contrary to our expectations, genetic diversity, inbreeding levels, and population genetic structure were similar between unharvested control or preharvest old‐growth and postharvest natural regeneration after five harvesting treatments, with clearcut showing no negative genetic impacts. The potential effects of genetic drift and inbreeding resulting from harvesting bottlenecks were counterbalanced by predominantly outcrossing mating system and high gene flow from the residual and/or surrounding white spruce.CDandMWforests responded similarly to harvesting of increasing intensities. Simulated data for 10, 50, and 100 microsatellite markers showed the same results as obtained empirically from 10 microsatellite markers. Similar patterns of genetic diversity and population structure were observed forESTand genomic microsatellites. In conclusion, harvesting of increasing intensities did not show any significant negative impact on genetic diversity, population structure, and evolutionary potential of white spruce inCDandMWforests. Our first of its kind of study addresses the broad central forest management question how forest harvesting and regeneration practices can best maintain genetic biodiversity and ecosystem integrity.
The influence of suture pattern on the incidence of incisional drainage following exploratory laparotomy
Authors: Colbath A. C. , Patipa L. , Berghaus R. D. , Parks A. H. 
Published: April 2013

SummaryReasons for performing studyIncisional complications following exploratory celiotomy increase morbidity, extend hospitalisation and increase cost. Retrospective studies seek to identify risk factors and measures for prevention of surgical site infection. The relatively high incidence of incisional complications following exploratory laparotomy necessitates identification of ideal surgical closure methods.ObjectivesThe study sought to identify the incidence of incisional drainage within our hospital population, and to identify risk factors for incisional complications while determining surgical practices that reduce the incidence of incisional drainage.Study designRetrospective cohort study.MethodsA retrospective study, with telephone follow‐up, was performed on 199 horses that underwent exploratory laparotomy at theUniversity ofGeorgia from 2January 2008 to 31December 2010, examining associations between case background, lesion type, access to the lumen of the bowel, and closure methods and incisional draining. Thelinea albaincisions were closed by the primary surgeon and junior house officers closed the subcutaneous tissues and skin.ResultsThe incidence of purulent or persistent serosanguinous incisional drainage in 142 horses with complete follow‐up information was 21.8%. Background, lesion type, and enterotomy or enterectomy were not associated with a significantly increased likelihood of incisional drainage. However, closure of the subcutaneous tissues and skin in a 2‐layer, modified subcuticular pattern was associated with a significantly lower incidence of post operative incisional drainage. Follow‐up information identified subsequent episodes of colic in 28.9% of horses. However, 80.3% of horses had returned to their previous level of work.Conclusions and potential relevanceIncisional drainage is common following ventral midline laparotomy. The use of a 2‐layer, modified subcuticular closure was associated with a significant reduction in the incidence of incisional drainage compared with closure performed with skin sutures, but not closure performed with staples.TheSummary is available inChinese – seeSupporting information.
The interleukin 6 receptor alpha gene polymorphisms are associated with clinical manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus in Koreans
Authors: Jeon J. Y. , Kim K. Y. , Kim H. A. , Suh C. H. 
Published: April 2013

SummaryThe human interleukin 6 receptor consists of two membrane‐bound glycoproteins (IL‐6Rα, IL‐6RA and gp130/IL‐6Rβ, IL‐6RB) interacting with IL‐6, which is a multifunctional cytokine essential to the regulation of the immune response and acute‐phase reactions. We have genotyped a single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the IL‐6RA in Korean patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (n = 300) and normal controls (NC, n = 299). Three SNPs were identified in the IL‐6RA gene; ‐208 G≥A (NM_000565.3:c.‐208G≥A, rs4845617) in the promoter region, 48841 T≥A (NM_000565.3:c.1067‐17T≥A, rs4845374) in the intron 8 region and 48864 A≥C (NM_000565.3:c.1073A≥C, rs2228145) in the exon 9 region. There were no differences between the SLE and the NC in the genotype and haplotype frequencies. The 48864 A>C polymorphism was significantly associated with rash (P = 0.008). Also, the frequency of rash (P = 0.037), leucopenia (P = 0.033) and lymphopenia (P = 0.027) was significantly higher in patients with SLE having the haplotype HT2 [ATC]. These data suggest that genetic polymorphisms of IL‐6RA gene may be associated with disease phenotypes of SLE in Korean.
“Infiltrators” or Refugees? An Analysis of Israel's Policy Towards African Asylum‐Seekers
Authors: Yaron Hadas , Hashimshony‐Yaffe Nurit , Campbell John 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis article adopts a genealogical approach in examining Israeli immigration policy by focusing on the situation confronting African asylum seekers who have been forced back into Egypt, detained and deported but who have not had their asylum claims properly assessed. Based on immigration policies formulated at the time of Israeli independence, whose principle objective was to secure a Jewish majority state, we argue that Israel's treatment of African asylum seekers as ‘infiltrators’/economic migrants stems from an insistence on maintaining immigration as a sovereign issue formally isolated from other policy domains. Such an approach is not only in violation of Israel's commitment to the Refugee Convention, it directly contributes to policies which are ineffective and unduly harsh.
Epidemiology of severe influenza outcomes among adult patients with obesity in Detroit, Michigan, 2011
Authors: Martin Emily T. , Archer Carolyn , McRoberts John , Kulik Janice , Thurston Taylor , Lephart Paul , Kaye Keith S. 
Published: April 2013

We conducted a retrospective cohort study to evaluate the impact of obesity on influenza disease severity. Individuals with obesity were more likely to have lower pulmonary disease manifestations [OR = 1·97 (95% CI 1·05, 3·69), P = 0·03] and to be admitted to an inpatient ward [OR = 2·93 (95% CI 1·50, 5·71), P = 0·002] when compared with non‐obese individuals. Among admitted individuals, persons with obesity were more likely to require a lengthy hospital stay [OR = 3·86 (95% CI 1·03, 14·42), P = 0·045]. Five of the six deaths in study subjects occurred in persons with obesity.
Chylopericardium and chylothorax: Unusual mechanical complications of central venous catheters
Authors: Alkayed Khaldoun , Plautz Gregory , Gowans Kate , Rosenthal Geoffrey , Soldes Oliver , Qureshi Athar M. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObstruction and thrombosis of major systemic veins can occur due to indwelling central venous catheters. If obstruction of the innominate vein or superior vena cava occurs, lymphatic drainage can be impaired due to an increase in pressure in the thoracic duct and lymphatics. We describe a case where superior vena cava syndrome, chylopericardium and chylothorax occurred in a 16‐year‐old girl due to an indwelling central venous catheter. This was successfully treated with removal of the line, anticoagulation and angioplasty of the innominate vein and superior vena cava.
Glycemic variability in preterm infants receiving intermittent gastric tube feeding: Report of three cases
Authors: Mizumoto Hiroshi , Honda Yoshitaka , Ueda Kazutoshi , Taniguchi Masashi , Shibata Hirofumi , Uchio Hiroko , Hata Daisuke 
Published: April 2013

AbstractLate‐onset hypoglycemia (day 12–16, blood glucose <50 mg/dL) was detected in three preterm infants (birthweight 998–1780 g; gestational age 27–30 weeks) by routine screening. All infants showed high serum insulin levels and extremely low ketone levels at the time of hypoglycemia. Continuous glucose monitoring was conducted at 31–34 weeks' postconceptual age when the infants were receiving intermittent gastric tube feeding with no intravenous glucose infusion. The continuous glucose monitoring results showed characteristic postprandial glucose increases and subsequent sharp deceases along with many hyper‐ and hypoglycemic events. This fluctuating pattern disappeared at 38–40 weeks' postconceptual age. These observations suggest that prolonged insulin oversecretion may be associated with early aggressive intravenous nutrition, and that large glycemic variability is a common feature of tube‐fed preterm infants that can be explained by immature glucose homeostasis.
La ségrégation entre hommes et femmes dans le secteur manufacturier formel indien de 1989–90 à 2000–01
Authors: CHATTOPADHYAY Molly , CHAKRABORTY Sonali , ANKER Richard 
Published: April 2013

Résumé.Ayant calculé un indice de dissimilaritéà partir des enquêtes annuelles sur les entreprises de 1989–90 et 2000–01, les auteurs observent une atténuation de la ségrégation sexuelle dans le secteur manufacturier formel indien. Toutefois, le phénomène observé doit plus à l'évolution de la structure sectorielle de l'emploi qu'à la progression de la mixité. La mesure de l'indice est aussi sensible au degré de désagrégation des secteurs d'activité. A l'échelle nationale comme à celle des Etats, les possibilités d'emploi offertes aux femmes sont limitées et concentrées dans quelques branches traditionnelles: alimentation, tabac, textile et habillement.
Qui donnera effet à la convention du travail maritime de l'OIT, 2006?
Authors: PINIELLA Francisco , SILOS José María , BERNAL Francisca 
Published: April 2013

Résumé.La convention du travail maritime, 2006, qui entrera en vigueur le 20 août 2013, regroupe des dizaines de normes de l'OIT adoptées depuis les années 1920. Elle a été décrite comme le «quatrième pilier» de la réglementation internationale maritime, aux côtés de trois grandes conventions de l'OMI sur la sécurité en mer et la prévention de la pollution marine. Selon les auteurs, le défi consistera à l'appliquer au moyen des mécanismes réglementaires existants, soit la mise en œuvre par l'Etat du pavillon et le contrôle par l'Etat du port. Techniquement, la responsabilité repose sur les premiers, mais la prolifération des pavillons de complaisance donne à penser que ces derniers joueront également un rôle crucial, tout comme, dans ces deux cas, la formation des inspecteurs.
Droit aux congés et conciliation entre travail et vie familiale dans les pays développés: pourquoi les travailleurs des Etats‐Unis sont perdants
Authors: Block Richard N. , Park Joo‐Young , Kang Young‐Hee 
Published: April 2013

Résumé.A partir d'un indice synthétique des dispositions réglementaires sur les congés annuels et familiaux en Europe occidentale, aux Etats‐Unis, au Canada, en Australie, au Japon et en Corée, les auteurs classent ces pays quant au soutien à l'équilibre entre travail et famille. Les Etats‐Unis arrivent derniers: les employeurs ne sont pas tenus d'accorder des congés annuels, et les salariés ne peuvent prendre plus de douze semaines de congés par an pour raisons familiales. Ces normes comparativement basses s'expliqueraient par une conception fondée sur le libre marché et un postulat d'égalité de rapport de forces entre employeur et salarié. Vision qui n'est pleinement partagée par aucune des autres démocraties examinées.