bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
APE1 is dispensable for S-region cleavage but required for its repair in class switch recombination
Authors: Xu Jianliang , Husain Afzal , Hu Wenjun , Honjo Tasuku , Kobayashi Maki 
Published: November 2014

Significance
Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) has been shown to be a critical endonuclease required for class switch recombination (CSR). Here we show that APE1’s endonuclease activity, but not its redox regulation or transcriptional regulation activity, is important for CSR. Conversely, APE1 is dispensable for activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID)-induced somatic hypermutation (SHM) as well as IgH/c-myc translocation. Moreover, during CSR, APE1 is not required for AID-induced S-region break formation, but is critical for the processing of cleaved ends because both repair protein Ku80 recruitment and end synapse formation are blocked by APE1 deficiency. APE1 deficiency only partially impairs CSR, and we found that two other end-processing enzymes, meiotic recombination 11 homolog (MRE11) and carboxy-terminal binding protein (CtBP)-interacting protein (CtIP), are responsible for the remaining CSR activity in the absence of APE1.
Melanopsin mediates light-dependent relaxation in blood vessels
Authors: Sikka Gautam , Hussmann G. Patrick , Pandey Deepesh , Cao Suyi , Hori Daijiro , Park Jong Taek , Steppan Jochen , Kim Jae Hyung , Barodka Viachaslau , Myers Allen C. , Santhanam Lakshmi , Nyhan Daniel , Halushka Marc K. , Koehler Raymond C. , Snyder Solomon H. , Shimoda Larissa A. , Berkowitz Dan E. 
Published: November 2014

Significance
Non–image-forming opsins such as Opn4 regulate important physiological functions such as circadian photo-entrainment and affect. The recent discovery that melanopsin (Opn4) functions outside the central nervous system prompted us to explore a potential role for this receptor in blood vessel regulation. We hypothesized that Opn4-mediated signaling might explain the phenomenon of photorelaxation, for which a mechanism has remained elusive. We report the presence in blood vessels of Opn4 and demonstrate that it mediates wavelength-specific, light-dependent vascular relaxation. This photorelaxation signal transduction involves cGMP and phosphodiesterase 6, but not protein kinase G. Furthermore it is regulated by G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 and involves vascular hyperpolarization. This receptor pathway can be harnessed for wavelength-specific light-based therapy in the treatment of diseases that involve altered vasoreactivity.
Environmental Performance of Marine Net-Pen Aquaculture in the United States
Authors: Rust Michael B , Amos Kevin H , Bagwill April L , Dickhoff Walton W , Juarez Lorenzo M , Price Carol S , Morris James A , Rubino Michael C 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT
The United States has a small net-pen salmon industry dating back over 40 years and a nascent net-pen industry for other marine fish. The United States net-pen aquaculture sector has improved its resource efficiency in terms of the amount of fish meal and fish oil used in feeds and reduced its environmental impacts in terms of the mass loading and impact of nutrient discharge on the receiving ecosystem, the incidence and treatment of fish diseases, the use of antibiotics, and the number and impact of fish escapes, while increasing production. These changes can be attributed to a combination of advances in science and technology, rising cost of fish meal/oil, improved management, and informed regulatory practices. Net-pen aquaculture has become an efficient food production system. Existing laws and regulations in the United States effectively address most of the potential adverse environmental effects of net-pen aquaculture.
RESUMEN
Los Estados Unidos de Norteamérica (EE. UU.) poseen una pequeña industria de acuacultura de salmones mediante jaulas de red que data desde hace cuatro décadas y una incipiente industria de cultivo con jaulas de otras especies de peces marinos. El sector de la acuacultura con jaulas de red en los EE.UU. ha mejorado la eficiencia de sus recursos en términos de cantidad de carne y aceite de pescado utilizados para la engorda y en cuanto a la reducción de sus impactos negativos: el aumento de la producción versus la carga de masa y el impacto de la descarga de nutrientes en los ecosistemas receptores, la incidencia y tratamiento de enfermedades de peces, uso de antibióticos y el impacto del escape de peces. Estos cambios son atribuibles a la combinación de avances científicos y tecnológicos, el incremento en el costo de la carne y aceite de pescado, un mejor manejo y prácticas regulatorias informadas. La acuacultura con jaulas de red se ha convertido en un sistema eficiente de producción de alimentos. Las leyes y regulaciones existentes en los EE.UU. abordan de forma efectiva los efectos adversos potenciales de la acuacultura con jaulas de red.
Syntactic edges and two types of floating quantification
Authors: Ko Heejeong 
Published: November 2014

AbstractChapter 3 investigates how (re)orderings at syntactic edges are affected by underlying constituency, with reference to two types of floating quantification. The chapter argues that adverbial floating quantifiers do not form a constituent with their associate noun, but contain a null pronoun co-indexed with their associate via semantic binding. In contrast, adnominal floating quantifiers are merged to their host noun in base structure. On the basis of this proposal, it analyses how and why adverbial quantifiers behave differently from adnominal quantifiers at syntactic edges. The chapter then examines how the two types of floating quantification can be correlated with a theory of exhaustive focus. It argues that adverbial floating quantifiers carry a specific, exhaustive, presuppositional reading because they are merged in a focus projection and bind a variable inside vP. By contrast, adnominal floating quantifiers carry a non-exhaustive, non-specific, cardinal meaning because they are merged as a predicate within a nominal projection.
Introduction
Authors: Breitbarth Anne 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis chapter presents Low German as an instance of a language having undergone Jespersen’s cycle, and summarizes the status quaestionis, identifying the gaps in the previous research. Essentially, there is no diachronic study yet of the development of negation in historical Low German, looking at both Jespersen’s cycle and diachronic changes in the interaction between negation and indefinites, that spans the entire period of textual attestation from Old Saxon to the end of the Middle Low German period, when written Low German was replaced by High German. Also novel is the systematic study of the diachronic and geographic variation within Middle Low German, based on a corpus of charters and similar dated and localized documents. The chapter furthermore gives background information on historical Low German and the methods used, and it provides an outline of the book.
Determinants and effects of employee’s creative self-efficacy on innovative activities
Authors: Slåtten Terje 
Published: November 2014

Purpose– This paper aims to identify factors that could be related to creative self-efficacy. Specifically, this article examines three different levels of factors as determinants to creative self-efficacy: leader-related, self-related and job-related. After careful consideration, this study selected one determinant to represent each of the three factors. Transformational leadership represented the leader-related factors, learning orientation represented the self-related factors and autonomy represented the job-related factors of creative self-efficacy. This article also aims to examine the effect of creative self-efficacy on what is called innovative activities.Design/methodology/approach– Drawing from theory the study presents a conceptual model of the aforementioned relationships. The data collection is based on a survey with a sample of employees in hospitality organizations.Findings– The findings reveal that the job-related factors (autonomy) were the most influential determinants to creative self-efficacy, followed by the self-related factors (learning orientation) and finally leader-related factors (transformational leadership). Furthermore, creative self-efficacy has a positive effect on innovative activities. Creative self-efficacy was found to have a mediating role between the three determinant variables and the effect variable.Research limitations/implications– This study is limited to a selection of three different factors as determinants to creative self-efficacy and only one effect variable. Future research should focus on other variables that may be related to creative self-efficacy. This article suggests three main areas related to creative self-efficacy that future research should specifically focus on.Practical implications– This study stresses the importance for managers to understand that creative self-efficacy is an important motivational factor for behavioural outcomes such as innovative activities. Moreover, it stresses the need for managers to give employees the necessary freedom to act on the basis of self-determination in their job role. Simultaneously, it points to the importance of building a climate and culture that triggers an individual learning orientation, increasing the creative capital in hospitality organizations. In general, this study demonstrates that creative self-efficacy may be a key personal attribute in the workplace where innovation is essential and an important aspect of firm's competitive advantage.Originality/value– Creative self-efficacy is a relatively new concept. This study contributes to the understanding of this phenomenon.
Reviewer online engagement: the role of rank, well-being, and market helping behavior
Authors: Mosteller Jill , Mathwick Charla 
Published: November 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of a retailer-managed ranking system on product reviewers’ well-being and its relationship to customer engagement.Design/methodology/approach– Content analysis of reviewers’ posts, generated over a six-month period following a critical incident involving a change in the reviewer ranking system, informs findings.Findings– Fulfilling needs for social relatedness, competency and autonomy may be critical aspects that underlie reviewer engagement. Findings explain how organic and hierarchical reviewing platform design elements may support or thwart psychological need fulfillment. Reviewers expressed positive well-being when system elements facilitated organic interactions between consumers and reviewers, fulfilling social relatedness and competency needs. Hierarchical design elements elicited mixed well-being sentiments. When reviewers used rank as a feedback mechanism to signal competency development, positive well-being emerged, whereas ranking features perceived as lacking in integrity or reducing one’s autonomy, evoked negative sentiments. A stimulus-organism-response framework, grounded in environmental psychology, provides the basis for the online reviewer engagement model. This study deepens understanding of online customer engagement by illustrating how a ranking system and social elements influence well-being and motive fulfilment, key psychological processes associated with engagement.Research limitations/implications– Highly engaged reviewers on one community platform inform findings, so results are not representative of all reviewers, but are relevant for conceptual purposes concerning critical incidents.Practical implications– Findings have implications for the design of recognition platforms created to support customer engagement in online reviewing communities.Social implications– Public ranking systems designed to recognize and reward reviewers can enhance as well as degrade consumer well-being within an online service environment.Originality/value– First empirical work to examine the value of consumer well-being as it relates to engagement within an online reviewing service context.
Non-custodial grandparent caregiving in Chinese families: implications for family dynamics
Authors: Leung Cynthia , Fung Barbara 
Published: November 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to understand the needs and experiences of Chinese families where grandparents were involved in the non-custodial care of their grandchildren.Design/methodology/approach– In total five grandparent focus groups and three parent focus groups were conducted. The data were analysed using the constant comparative method.Findings– Though most grandparents enjoyed their grandparent roles, there were differences in the perception of the grandparent role between grandparents and parents. Both grandparents and parents reported intergenerational conflicts on the management of the grandchildren, which was distressing for both parties.Practical implications– It was suggested that grandparent training programmes might be a viable strategy to support families.Originality/value– The study provided insights into family dynamics in the context of grandparent caregiving, child development, as well as children's services.
Effects of temperature on consumer–resource interactions
Authors: Amarasekare Priyanga 
Published: November 2014

Summary

Understanding how temperature variation influences the negative (e.g. self‐limitation) and positive (e.g. saturating functional responses) feedback processes that characterize consumer–resource interactions is an important research priority. Previous work on this topic has yielded conflicting outcomes with some studies predicting that warming should increase consumer–resource oscillations and others predicting that warming should decrease consumer–resource oscillations.

Here, I develop a consumer–resource model that both synthesizes previous findings in a common framework and yields novel insights about temperature effects on consumer–resource dynamics. I report three key findings. First, when the resource species' birth rate exhibits a unimodal temperature response, as demonstrated by a large number of empirical studies, the temperature range over which the consumer–resource interaction can persist is determined by the lower and upper temperature limits to the resource species' reproduction. This contrasts with the predictions of previous studies, which assume that the birth rate exhibits a monotonic temperature response, that consumer extinction is determined by temperature effects on consumer species' traits, rather than the resource species' traits.

Secondly, the comparative analysis I have conducted shows that whether warming leads to an increase or decrease in consumer–resource oscillations depends on the manner in which temperature affects intraspecific competition. When the strength of self‐limitation increases monotonically with temperature, warming causes a decrease in consumer–resource oscillations. However, if self‐limitation is strongest at temperatures physiologically optimal for reproduction, a scenario previously unanalysed by theory but amply substantiated by empirical data, warming can cause an increase in consumer–resource oscillations.

Thirdly, the model yields testable comparative predictions about consumer–resource dynamics under alternative hypotheses for how temperature affects competitive and resource acquisition traits. Importantly, it does so through empirically quantifiable metrics for predicting temperature effects on consumer viability and consumer–resource oscillations, which obviates the need for parameterizing complex dynamical models. Tests of these metrics with empirical data on a host–parasitoid interaction yield realistic estimates of temperature limits for consumer persistence and the propensity for consumer–resource oscillations, highlighting their utility in predicting temperature effects, particularly warming, on consumer–resource interactions in both natural and agricultural settings.
Effect of defatting on quality of meat and bone meal
Authors: Chang Ming , Xiao Jun , Liu Ruijie , Lu Liangzhong , Jin Qingzhe , Wang Xingguo 
Published: November 2014

AbstractMeat and bone meal (MBM), a type of protein feed source, with high nutritional value, has been widely used as feed in China. In order to study the effect of defatting on the quality of MBM, MBM were defatted by hexane, and their basic nutritional components, color, flavor, protein characteristics, freshness indexes before and after defatting, were investigated. The crude protein content of the defatted MBM was increased from 54.5% to 61.2%, lysine content increased from 1.83 to 1.96%, pure protein content and in vitro digestibility of MBM were increased to 50.7% and 90.45%, respectively. Acid value decreased from 9.0 to 2.6 mg potassium hydroxide/g, and the color and flavor were also improved after defatting. Furthermore, volatile basic nitrogen content decreased from 60 to 40 mg/100 g and histamine content did not change significantly (decreasing from 20.1 to 19.6 mg/kg). Therefore, defatting treatment was good for the quality improvement of MBM.
Ileal digestibility of nutrients and amino acids in unfermented, fermented soybean meal and canola meal for weaning pigs
Authors: Upadhaya Santi D. , Kim In Ho 
Published: November 2014

AbstractApparent ileal digestibility (AID) of energy, dry matter, nitrogen and amino acids and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of nitrogen and amino acids were evaluated in six weanling pigs ((Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc)) fed unfermented soybean meal (SM), yeast fermented soybean meal (SMY), bacillus fermented soybean meal (SMB), yeast and bacillus fermented soybean meal (SMYB), canola meal (CM) and nitrogen‐free diet. Pigs having body weights 17.00 ± 0.3 kg were surgically equipped with T‐cannulas of approximately 15 cm prior to the ileo‐cecal junction and randomly allotted to one of five dietary treatments and a nitrogen‐free diet in 6 × 6 Latin squares. AID and SID of nitrogen (N) was greater (P < 0.05) in SMYB and SMB compared with SM and CM. AID and SID of amino acids such as, Lys (lysine) and Phe (phenylalanine) as well as total essential amino acids were greater (P < 0.05) in SMB and tended to be low in CM compared with SM. AID and SID of aspartic acid (Asp) and glycine (Gly) tended to be higher in SMB compared with SM and other diets except CM. In conclusion, fermentation of soybean meal by Bacillus showed better digestibility of amino acid and nutrients.
Attachment to Community and Civic and Political Engagement: A Case Study of Students
Authors: Boulianne Shelley , Brailey Michelle 
Published: November 2014

Youth's low level of civic and political engagement may detrimentally affect the health of communities and the democratic system. This paper examines the role of community attachment in explaining youth's levels of civic and engagement. This examination requires an evaluation of existing measures of community attachment and their relevance for understanding youth's experiences. The paper uses a student sample, highlighting a group of youth who have a degree of variation in their experiences of community attachment. We find that subjective measures of community attachment are related to volunteering and voting, but the objective measure of community attachment, that is, years of residence, affects voting and not volunteering. Different mechanisms explain civic engagement versus political engagement. As such, different strategies are required to combat low levels of civic versus political engagement.Le manque d'engagement civique et politique de la jeunesse peut avoir un effet néfaste sur la santé des communautés et sur le système démocratique. Cet article examine le rôle de l'appartenance communautaire pour expliquer le niveau de participation civique et politique des jeunes. Cette recherche nécessite une évaluation des mesures existantes de l'appartenance à une communauté et de leur pertinence pour la compréhension des expériences des jeunes. Cet article se base sur un groupe d'étudiants pour illustrer une population de jeunes avec un niveau d'attachement communautaire variable. Nous avons remarqué que les mesures subjectives de l'attachement à la communauté sont liées au bénévolat et au vote, alors que les mesures objectives de l'attachement, comme la durée de résidence, affecte le vote et non le bénévolat. De différents processus peuvent expliquer l'engagement civique par rapport à l'engagement politique. Ainsi, des stratégies différentes sont nécessaires pour lutter contre la faiblesse des niveaux de participation civique et politique.
Perineal hernia formation following extralevator abdominoperineal excision
Authors: Sayers A. E. , Patel R. K. , Hunter I. A. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAimExtralevator abdominoperineal excision (ELAPE) has become increasingly used because of some evidence of improved oncological outcome. It is, however, thought to be associated with a higher incidence of perineal hernia formation, although the exact incidence is not known. The aim of this study was to identify the incidence of perineal hernia after ELAPE.MethodThe case notes of patients over a 54‐month period were reviewed. The perineal closure technique, perineal complications and management plan were recorded.ResultsDuring the study period, 56 patients underwent ELAPE, of whom 24 (44%) developed a perineal wound complication. Primary perineal closure was performed with (eight patients) and without (32 patients) insertion of a biological mesh or myocutaneous flap. Perineal hernia was the commonest complication (26%) and occurred in nine (45%) of 20 patients who had a laparoscopic ELAPE.ConclusionPerineal hernia formation was the commonest perineal complication of ELAPE and occurred in nearly half of patients having a laparoscopic ELAPE.
Widening the ‘representation gap'? The implications of the ‘lobbying act’ for worker representation in the UK
Authors: Abbott Brian , Williams Steve 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe Transparency of Lobbying, Non‐Party Campaigning and Trade Union Administration Act 2014 (the ‘Lobbying Act’) imposes tight restrictions on the campaigning and lobbying activities of civil society organisations in the UK, diminishing their capacity to represent the interests of working people and thus likely compounding the ‘representation gap’ within British workplaces. Along with austerity measures and employment law reforms, the legislation exemplifies the UK government's attempts to shift the balance of power further towards employers.