bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contrast-enhanced ultrasound in renal cystic lesions: an update
Authors: Masino Federica , Eusebi Laura , Bertolotto Michele , Pizzileo Sara Maria , Pizzolorusso Francesco , Sortino Giuseppe , Pitoni Lucia , Santarelli Stefano , Galosi Andrea Benedetto , Guglielmi Giuseppe 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis narrative review aims to describe the current status of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in characterizing renal cystic lesion. The imaging techniques usually performed for their evaluation are ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with different criteria of application based on the individual case and the purpose of the examination. Generally, US, as a non-ionizing examination, is the first imaging modality performed and therefore the one that incidentally detects cystic lesions. CT is the most performed imaging modality for cystic lesion assessment before MRI evaluation. It provides better characterization and management and has been introduced into the Bosniak classification. In this context, CEUS is making its way for its characteristics and represents the emerging technique in this field. With these premises, the authors analyze the role of CEUS in the evaluation of renal cysts, starting with an explanation of the technique, describe its main advantages and limitations, and end with a discussion of its application in the Bosniak classification and management, following the current major guidelines.
Characterization of δ-PuGa (1 at%. Ga) Oxidation Under Dry Oxygen Atmosphere Exposure
Authors: Favart N. , Ravat B. , Jolly L. , Zacharie-Aubrun I. , Martin P. , Menut D. , Popa I. , Oudot B. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe oxidation of δ-stabilized plutonium alloy was studied under dry oxygen exposures for temperatures varying from 100 up to 300 °C and oxygen partial pressures varying from 10–4 up to 500 mbar. The coupling of X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and FIB-SEM has allowed to show that the oxide scale is composed of an outer layer of PuO2 and an inner mixed layer of α + β-Pu2O3 platelets propagating into a metallic zone corresponding to the stable phase of unalloyed Pu. Furthermore, the analysis of Pu oxidation kinetics has displayed first a parabolic growth governed by the diffusion of interstitial oxygen. This step consists of the thickening of the Pu2O3 layer with a decrease in α-Pu2O3 ratio in favor of β-Pu2O3. Then, a second step occurs consisting of a linear growth of the PuO2-layer with the formation of thick nodules which tend to cover the whole oxide surface. Based on the results of this work, a general oxidation mechanism for δ-Pu alloy is provided.
Hesperidin: a flavanone with multifaceted applications in the food, animal feed, and environmental fields
Authors: Pereira Verónica , Figueira Onofre , Castilho Paula C. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHesperidin, a glycosylated flavanone abundant in nature, is an antioxidant widely researched in the pharmaceutical industry for its anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiviral, anti-aging, cardioprotective and neuroprotective effects. Despite the extensive literature highlighting these therapeutic activities, there remains a significant gap in understanding hesperidin role across other fields. This review aims at demonstrating hesperidin applications beyond pharmaceutical applications, particularly in the food, feed, and environmental fields. For this purpose, a brief description of the biosynthesis pathway of hesperidin in citrus plants is provided as well as its main chemical derivatives. In the food industry, hesperidin and its derivatives are commercialized as dietetic supplements and have been studied as food additives and active ingredients in edible food packaging. Within the feed industry, meat and/or eggs from animals supplemented with hesperidin show higher oxidative stability and prolonged shelf life. Moreover, in the environment research, hesperidin induces plant tolerance against abiotic factors and shows biopesticide activity.
Graphical abstract
Discussion to the article Undrained shear strength prediction of clays using liquidity index, by Q. Wang, S. Qiu, H. Zheng, R. Zhang
Authors: O’Kelly Brendan C. , Haigh Stuart K. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis communication presents a critical discussion of the article “Undrained shear strength prediction of clays using liquidity index”, authored by Q. Wang, S. Qiu, H. Zheng, R. Zhang, and recently published in Acta Geotechnica (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-023-02107-9). Various inaccurate claims and flaws regarding the Authors’ newly developed three-parameter strength–liquidity index (Su–IL) models/correlations are highlighted and discussed herein. In particular, comparing existing two-parameter and their newly developed three-parameter Su–IL models, contrary to the Authors’ claims, no improvement in prediction accuracy is achieved over the two-parameter model by introducing a third model parameter. Rather, it is shown herein that the existing two-parameter and the Authors’ three-parameter Su–IL models are mathematically identical. Furthermore, two of the Authors’ newly developed Su–IL correlations, i.e., relating the triaxial-compression and shearbox derived strengths to the liquidity index, are shown to be inaccurate, forecasting gross under- and over-predictions of the measured strengths, respectively. This highlights the need for a reassessment of the proposed correlations, and emphasizes the importance of accurate and reliable correlations in geotechnical engineering.
How Government Stereotypes Affect Life Satisfaction: a Good Government Matters More Than a Government That Does Good
Authors: Wang Yiming , Jia Qifan , Zhang Shuwei , Zhou Jie 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMany studies have noted the close relationship between the government and people’s life satisfaction. However, little literature has paid attention to the role of government stereotypes. This research fills this gap using two large samples of Chinese residents. In the first-phase study, we explored the content and structure of government stereotypes with a data-driven approach. We found that the content of government stereotypes consisted of four clusters: positive evaluations, negative evaluations, things about government duties, and things about the government system. Further, the content of government stereotypes could be distinguished based on two orthogonal dimensions: the valence (negative vs. positive) and the degree of generality (particularized vs. generalized). In the second-phase study, we examined how various dimensions of government stereotypes were related to life satisfaction. We found that people with more positive government stereotypes were more satisfied with life. This association was more potent when government stereotypes were more generalized (i.e., a good government at a higher construal level) than particularized (i.e., a government that does good at a lower construal level). Both studies of this research were repeatable within the two large samples. This research provided a new perspective for the literature on the relationship between government and life satisfaction and the interventions to improve life satisfaction.
Multiprofessionelle Kooperation an inklusiven Ganztagsschulen – Fallstudie zur Vernetzung und Arbeit von Förderschulpädagog:innen an einer Ganztagsgrundschule
Authors: Kielblock Stephan 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungDer flächendeckende Auf- und Ausbau von Ganztagsschulen und die Umsetzung von Inklusion haben in den vergangenen Jahren in Deutschland dazu geführt, dass an Regelschulen zunehmend pädagogisch tätige Personen mit unterschiedlichen beruflichen Hintergründen zusammentreffen. Theoretischen Überlegungen zufolge profitieren Schüler:innen davon, wenn diese unterschiedlichen pädagogisch tätigen Personen miteinander kooperieren. Diese sog. multiprofessionelle Kooperation – mit Fokus auf die Umsetzung von Inklusion an Ganztagsschulen – ist Gegenstand des vorliegenden Beitrags. Die Forschungsfragen lauten, (1.) wie Sonder‑/Förderschulpädagog:innen im Kooperationsnetzwerk an einem Ganztagsschulstandort eingebunden sind und (2.) wie die Einbindung und Arbeit der Sonder‑/Förderschulpädagog:innen im Kooperationsnetzwerk aus Sicht der verschiedenen Beteiligten aussieht. Ein exemplarischer Ganztagsgrundschulstandort wurde als Fallstudie ausgewählt und es wurde versucht, von allen pädagogisch Tätigen (n = 28 Personen; Ausschöpfung 68 %) Daten zu erheben. Für die Datenerhebung wurden Leitfadeninterviews geführt und dabei Ego-zentrierte Netzwerkkarten ausgefüllt. Die Daten wurden netzwerkanalytisch und inhaltsanalytisch ausgewertet. Zusammengenommen zeigen die Ergebnisse, dass die beiden Förderschulpädagoginnen am Fallstudienstandort speziell mit der jeweiligen Klassenlehrer:in, die ein Kind mit identifiziertem sonderpädagogischen Förderbedarf oder ein Kind in sog. vorbeugenden sonderpädagogischen Maßnahmen in der Klasse hat, in einer engeren Kooperationsbeziehung stehen. Weitere enge Kooperationen zu anderen pädagogisch Tätigen – etwa auch zu Kolleg:innen im Ganztagsbetrieb – finden sich eher weniger. Allerdings sind regelmäßige Besprechungen mit der Schulleitung etabliert. Das Aufgabenspektrum und die Zuständigkeiten der Förderschulpädagoginnen werden von den Förderschulpädagoginnen selbst sowie den Lehrkräften teils unterschiedlich wahrgenommen, was Friktionen in der multiprofessionellen Kooperation erzeugt. Die beiden analysierten Förderschulpädagoginnen zeigen zudem, wie unterschiedlich sonderpädagogisch gearbeitet werden kann: Einerseits im Modus der Beratung und andererseits im Modus der Förderung.
Protecting effects of smoking against COVID-19: a community-based retrospective cohort study in middle- and older-aged adults
Authors: Hou Xiaomeng , Zheng Fulin , Lu Likun , Wang Zhenjie , Ni Xuefeng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractOn December 7, 2022, China switched from dynamic zeroing strategy against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to reopening. A nationwide SARS-CoV-2 epidemic emerged rapidly. The effect of smoking on SARS-CoV-2 infection remains unclear. We aimed to retrospectively investigate the relationship between smoking and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) using a community-based cohort of smokers and non-smokers. We included participants from a pre-pandemic cohort with a prolonged follow-up period. Data on smoking status, body mass index, and history of other diseases were collected from health examination and consultation clinic records. Cox regression analysis was used to identify the relationship between groups and SARS-CoV-2 infection over time. We analysed 218 male patients with varied smoking statuses (46.3% current or ex-smokers; average age 68.63 ± 9.81 years). Two peaks in the epidemic were observed following the December 2022 outbreak. At the end of the second peak, non-smokers, current smokers, and ex-smokers had primary infection rates increase to 88.0%, 65.1%, and 81.0%, respectively, with a significant difference between the groups. Current smoking significantly protected against SARS-CoV-2 infection (HR 0.625, 95% CI 0.402–0.970, p = 0.036). Further analyses showed that the prevalence of pneumonia in the unvaccinated, older, diabetic, and non-smoking groups was significantly higher than that in the other groups (p < 0.05). Our study suggests a potential association between smoking and a reduced risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and pneumonia. This indicates that nicotine and ACE2 play important roles in preventing COVID-19 and its progression. We suggest smokers use nicotine replacement therapy during hospitalization for COVID-19.
Mycological contamination of cabin filters as a potential source of air pollution inside passenger vehicles
Authors: Farian Ewelina , Wójcik-Fatla Angelina 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Microbiological pollutants of cabin filters may affect the air quality inside vehicles. The main aim of the study was to evaluate cabin filters in terms of their effectiveness in retaining mycological contaminants. The research material consisted of 100 cabin filters obtained during periodic replacement of filters in passenger cars. Mycological contamination of filters was examined using microbiological, biochemical, immunoenzymatic and molecular methods. The average concentration of fungi in cabin filters was 7.2 × 107 CFU/m2, and Cladosporium, Alternaria, Penicillium, and Aspergillus genera were most often isolated. For Aspergillus species, the highest concentration reached 3.3 × 107 CFU/m2, with dominance of A. fumigatus. Among the Aspergillus strains tested, the presence of the aflO gene related to aflatoxin biosynthesis and the polyketide synthase gene related to ochratoxin A biosynthesis was detected. The presence of total aflatoxin (B1, B2, G1, G2) and aflatoxin B1 was detected at levels of 5.37 µg/kg and 1.71 µg/kg for standard filters and 2.43 µg/kg and 0.65 µg/kg for carbon filters. The level of ochratoxin A contamination was 0.96 µg/kg and 0.55 µg/kg for standard and carbon filters, respectively. Aspergillus species showed high enzymatic activity of acid phosphatase, β-glucosidase, naphthol phosphohydrolase and N-acetyl-β-glucosamidase. Based on the test results regarding the concentration of mycotoxins and the effectiveness of capturing fungal conidia, it was found that carbon filters are more effective than standard filters. Recommendations for filter manufacturers and car service policies should include the use of cabin filters with a layer of activated carbon, and their regular replacement after a year of use.
A Conterminous United States–Wide Validation of Relative Tidal Elevation Products
Authors: Neville Justine A. , Guntenspergen Glenn R. , Grace James B. , Osland Michael J. , Chivoiu Bogdan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRecent large-scale spatial products have been developed to assess wetland position in the tidal frame, but nationwide comparisons and validations are missing for these products. Wetland position within the tidal frame is a commonly used characteristic to compare wetlands across biogeomorphic gradients and factors heavily into wetland vulnerability models. We utilize a dataset of 365 surface elevation table stations across the conterminous USA containing ground-surveyed tidal datum and elevation data to validate two gridded, conterminous USA–wide relative tidal elevation products. We identified substantial differences between our ground-surveyed dataset and the gridded products, with the Gulf coast exhibiting the greatest error (p < 0.0001, n = 140). Error in relative tidal elevation products varied by coast, tidal range, and latitude. These differences in errors indicate that gridded relative tidal elevation products may be more accurate in coastal wetlands with larger tidal ranges (> 30 cm) and are less accurate in freshwater wetlands near the coast. This paper makes advances in understanding why relative tidal elevation differences occur among national datasets and identifies areas of future work that could support more robust vulnerability models.
A benchmark dataset for community deception algorithms
Authors: Fionda Valeria 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This paper introduces the Better Hide Communities (BHC) benchmark dataset aimed at standardizing evaluations in community deception across networks. BHC addresses the need for a common framework to assess the effectiveness of existing and perspective deception strategies by enabling their comparative analyses. BHC serves as a foundation for future work in developing sophisticated algorithms for community deception, enhancing the understanding of algorithmic abilities to employ deceptive measures within communities. Additionally, it offers valuable insights into the varying degrees of resilience that different detection algorithms exhibit against deception strategies.
Experimental and Numerical Study of Taylor Bubble in Counter-Current Turbulent Flow
Authors: Tiselj Iztok , Kren Jan , Mikuž Blaž , Nop Raksmy , Burlot Alan , Hamrit Grégoire 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe stagnant Taylor bubble in vertical isothermal turbulent counter-current flow was analyzed using 2D shadowgraphy experiments and two distinct high-fidelity numerical simulations. One simulation employed the geometrical VOF interface tracking method within the OpenFOAM code, while the other utilized the explicit front tracking method of the TrioCFD code. Interface recognition algorithms were applied to the photographs and compared with the results of 3D simulations performed with LES and pseudo-DNS accuracy in OpenFOAM and TrioCFD, respectively. The measured Taylor bubbles exhibited an asymmetric bullet-train shape and a specific speed, which were compared with the predictions of both numerical approaches. Reproducing the experiment proved challenging for both otherwise well-established methods frequently used in interface tracking simulations of two-phase flows. Grid resolution and subgrid turbulent models, known for their success in single-phase turbulence, were less accurate near the water–air interface. Additional experimental parameters compared with simulations were related to the dynamics of tiny disturbance waves with amplitudes ranging from 10 to 100 µm along the interface of the Taylor bubbles. The speed and spectra of the surface disturbance waves were reproduced numerically with moderate success despite detailed grid refinement in the relevant region of the computational domain.
Effects of Nb and Mo Alloying Elements on the Corrosion Characteristics of Sintered Cobalt-Chromium Alloys in Hanks Solution for Biomedical Application
Authors: Dada M. O. , Abe J. O. , Popoola A. P. I. , Phasani T. M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the influence of molybdenum and niobium on the corrosion characteristics of spark plasma-sintered cobalt–chromium (Co–Cr) in Hank’s solution for their biocompatibility for potential biomedical applications using spark plasma sintering (SPS). The results indicated that the Co–Cr binary alloy was highly susceptible to corrosion in the Hanks solution due to its low corrosion potential and high current density. Compared to Co–Cr–7Mo, the ternary compositions of Co–Cr–5Mo and Co–Cr–6Mo exhibited a somewhat higher susceptibility to corrosion more than 10%, showing a high corrosion potential and current density. While the Co–Cr–3Mo–3Nb composition had a high current density and a negative corrosion potential. The Co–Cr–2.5Mo–2.5Nb composition was only moderately susceptible to passive corrosion. The highest corrosion resistance was found in the Co–Cr–3.5Mo–3.5Nb alloy, indicating that uniform corrosion may occur in this alloy, albeit slowly. This study explores the impact of Nb and Mo on the corrosion resistance of sintered cobalt-chromium alloys in a biologically relevant environment. Hence, it is noteworthy that the development of next-generation biomaterials and medical devices depends on this breakthrough in surface functionalization.
Example-Generation Tasks for Computer-Aided Assessment in University Mathematics Education: Insights From A Study Conducted in Two Educational Contexts
Authors: Fahlgren Maria , Barana Alice , Brunström Mats , Conte Marina Marchisio , Roman Fabio , Sacchet Matteo , Vinerean Mirela , Wondmagegne Yosief 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn recent decades, there has been rapid development in digital technologies for automated assessment. Through enhanced possibilities in terms of algorithms, grading codes, adaptivity, and feedback, they are suitable for formative assessment. There is a need to develop computer-aided assessment (CAA) tasks that target higher-order mathematical skills to ensure a balanced assessment approach beyond basic procedural skills. To address this issue, research suggests the approach of asking students to generate examples. This study focuses on an example-generation task on polynomial function understanding, proposed to 205 first-year engineering students in Sweden and 111 first-year biotechnology students in Italy. Students were encouraged to collaborate in small groups, but individual elements within the tasks required each group member to provide individual answers. Students' responses kept in the CAA system were qualitatively analyzed to understand the effectiveness of the task in extending the students’ example space in diverse educational contexts. The findings indicate a difference in students’ example spaces when performing the task between the two educational contexts. The results suggest key strengths and possible improvements to the task design.
Integrated volatility estimation: the case of observed noise variables
Authors: Allaj Erindi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We propose a new estimator of the integrated volatility in presence of observed noise variables, measured, for example, by the trading volume or the bid-ask-spread. We find that, under specific conditions, the proposed estimator is consistent and the error, adjusted for the noise effects, between the proposed estimator and the integrated volatility has the same asymptotic distribution of the realized volatility estimator under no noise effects. Finally, our results are validated by a simulation and an empirical study.
Fluid and drug administration in a paediatric critical care: prospective, single centre, multimodal, direct observational study
Authors: Gaetani Melany , Pinkevych Serhii , Chemali Dana , Middaugh Kristen , Parshuram Christopher S. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCritically ill children are intensively monitored and receive many drugs, fluids, and other therapies while in paediatric intensive care unit(PICU). The operational aspects of the provision of these therapies are not well understood. The objective of this study was to characterise the activities supporting fluid and drug administration in critically ill paediatric patients. This prospective, single centre, observational study used multi-modal direct observation approach (video, audio, and direct bedside observation) to understand the clinical activities associated with care of critically ill children. Administration was separated into the broad and varied activities required for drug and fluid administration ranging from drug information review through disposal. 43 patients, 84 nurses, 43 doctors, 27 respiratory therapists and 4 nurse practitioners were observed over 48 epochs and 143.15 h. The 23.61(16%) hours of drug and fluid therapy observed were comprised of 660 specific clinical administrations of drug and fluid therapy that took a median(IQR) 64.45(17.10–163.62) seconds and were comprised of 4396 administration activities. Interruptions to the process of drug and fluid administration were also counted and observed 261 times, occurring in 148(22%) of unique administrations and lasted a median(IQR) of 7.95(3.82–14.88) seconds each. This study has implications on safety measures pertaining to sources and duration of interruptions within administration, as well as considerations around nursing tasks, ratios and sheer workload of drug and fluid administration. Further work could explore targeting strategies that optimize efficiency, workflow, and safety in the PICU as it pertains to layout, staffing and ease of medication administration.