bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Some Theoretical Considerations on Attitude, Arousal and Affect during Cognitive Dissonance
Authors: Martinie Marie‐Amélie , Milland Laurent , Olive Thierry 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThis article provides a general overview of cognitive dissonance research with the induced compliance paradigm. We begin by describiang how dissonance affects individuals' attitude change and address issues related to measurement of attitude. Next, we describe the arousal component of dissonance, how it has been measured and the issues that have been raised about its nature. Finally, we explore the emotional component of dissonance and review different ways for measuring and identifying the negative affect associated to dissonance. We conclude by claiming that a more intensive study of the process of dissonance, and particularly of its arousal and emotional components, will allow a more in‐depth understanding of the mental processes involved in cognitive dissonance.
The Biopsychosocial Model of Challenge and Threat: Using the Heart to Measure the Mind
Authors: Seery Mark D. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe biopsychosocial model of challenge and threat (BPS) holds that during active goal pursuit, psychological processes reliably lead to specific patterns of cardiovascular responses. Because psychological experience during goal pursuit is not otherwise easily accessible, using cardiovascular responses to infer psychological states can provide valuable insight. In this context, challenge results from evaluating high resources and low demands, whereas threat results from evaluating low resources and high demands. Both challenge and threat lead the heart to beat faster and harder than during rest, but challenge results in dilation in arteries and more blood pumped, whereas threat results in constriction and less blood pumped. This article summarizes the BPS, presents recent research applications, and discusses remaining questions and future directions, including how research from other theoretical perspectives may clarify the nature of task engagement and how the BPS can inform the study of resilience to stressors.
Anchoring and ordering NGS contig assemblies by population sequencing (POPSEQ)
Authors: Mascher Martin , Muehlbauer Gary J. , Rokhsar Daniel S. , Chapman Jarrod , Schmutz Jeremy , Barry Kerrie , Muñoz‐Amatriaín María , Close Timothy J. , Wise Roger P. , Schulman Alan H. , Himmelbach Axel , Mayer Klaus F.X. , Scholz Uwe , Poland Jesse A. , Stein Nils , Waugh Robbie 
Published: September 2013

SummaryNext‐generation whole‐genome shotgun assemblies of complex genomes are highly useful, but fail to link nearby sequence contigs with each other or provide a linear order of contigs along individual chromosomes. Here, we introduce a strategy based on sequencing progeny of a segregating population that allows de novo production of a genetically anchored linear assembly of the gene space of an organism. We demonstrate the power of the approach by reconstructing the chromosomal organization of the gene space of barley, a large, complex and highly repetitive 5.1 Gb genome. We evaluate the robustness of the new assembly by comparison to a recently released physical and genetic framework of the barley genome, and to various genetically ordered sequence‐based genotypic datasets. The method is independent of the need for any prior sequence resources, and will enable rapid and cost‐efficient establishment of powerful genomic information for many species.
Deletion of the RUNX1 binding site in the erythroid cell‐specific regulatory element of the ABO gene in two individuals with the Am phenotype
Authors: Takahashi Y. , Isa K. , Sano R. , Nakajima T. , Kubo R. , Takahashi K. , Kominato Y. , Tsuneyama H. , Ogasawara K. , Uchikawa M. 
Published: September 2013

Background and ObjectivesAn erythroid cell‐specific regulatory element, referred to as the +5·8‐kb site, had been identified in the first intron of the human ABO blood group gene. Subsequent studies revealed that either a 5·8‐kb deletion including the +5·8‐kb site or disruption of a GATA factor binding motif at the site was present in all Bm and ABm individuals examined. We investigated the molecular mechanism of the Am phenotype, which is analogous to the Bm phenotype.Materials and MethodsGenomic DNAs were prepared from peripheral blood of two Am individuals, and the nucleotide sequences were investigated using PCR and direct sequencing. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and promoter assay with K562 cells were carried out.ResultsA novel 23‐bp nucleotide deletion was found at the +5·8‐kb site in both individuals. EMSAs demonstrated binding of the transcription factor RUNX1 to the nucleotides within the deletion. Promoter assays showed that the deletion reduced the transcriptional activity of the +5·8‐kb site.ConclusionDeletion of the 23‐bp nucleotides including the RUNX1 binding site decreases transcription of the A allele, resulting in the reduction in A antigen expression in the Am phenotype.
Modular subgroups, dessins d’enfants and elliptic K3 surfaces
Authors: He Yang-Hui , McKay John , Read James 
Published: September 2013

AbstractWe consider the 33 conjugacy classes of genus zero, torsion-free modular subgroups, computing ramification data and Grothendieck’s dessins d’enfants. In the particular case of the index 36 subgroups, the corresponding Calabi–Yau threefolds are identified, in analogy with the index 24 cases being associated to K3 surfaces. In a parallel vein, we study the 112 semi-stable elliptic fibrations over ${ \mathbb{P} }^{1} $ as extremal K3 surfaces with six singular fibres. In each case, a representative of the corresponding class of subgroups is identified by specifying a generating set for that representative.
Explicit application of Waldspurger’s theorem
Authors: Purkait Soma 
Published: September 2013

AbstractFor a given cusp form $\phi $ of even integral weight satisfying certain hypotheses, Waldspurger’s theorem relates the critical value of the $\mathrm{L} $-function of the $n\mathrm{th} $ quadratic twist of $\phi $ to the $n\mathrm{th} $ coefficient of a certain modular form of half-integral weight. Waldspurger’s recipes for these modular forms of half-integral weight are far from being explicit. In particular, they are expressed in the language of automorphic representations and Hecke characters. We translate these recipes into congruence conditions involving easily computable values of Dirichlet characters. We illustrate the practicality of our ‘simplified Waldspurger’ by giving several examples.
Amphotericin B-Impregnated Bone Cement To Treat Refractory Coccidioidal Osteomyelitis
Authors: Zhu Elizabeth S. , Thompson George R. , Kreulen Christopher , Giza Eric 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACT
Use of amphotericin B-impregnated bone cement in combination with systemic antifungals for the treatment of coccidioidal osteomyelitis offers the potential for sustained local concentrations of drug at the site of the infection. Amphotericin B levels in bone of up to 5.1 μg/g have been demonstrated 4 months after placement of bone cement.
Causal Role of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms within the
mprF
Gene of Staphylococcus aureus in Daptomycin Resistance
Authors: Yang Soo-Jin , Mishra Nagendra N. , Rubio Aileen , Bayer Arnold S. 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACT

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the
mprF
open reading frame (ORF) have been commonly observed in daptomycin-resistant (DAP
r
)
Staphylococcus aureus
strains. Such SNPs are usually associated with a gain-in-function phenotype, in terms of either increased synthesis or enhanced translocation (flipping) of lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol (L-PG). However, it is unclear if such
mprF
SNPs are causal in DAP
r
strains or are merely a biomarker for this phenotype. In this study, we used an isogenic set of
S. aureus
strains: (i) Newman, (ii) its isogenic Δ
mprF
mutant, and (iii) several in
trans
plasmid complementation constructs, expressing either a wild-type or point-mutated form of the
mprF
ORF cloned from two isogenic DAP-susceptible (DAP
s
)-DAP
r
strain pairs (616-701 and MRSA11/11-REF2145). Complementation of the Δ
mprF
strain with singly point-mutated
mprF
genes (
mprF
S295L
or
mprF
T345A
) revealed that (i) individual and distinct point mutations within the
mprF
ORF can recapitulate phenotypes observed in donor strains (i.e., changes in DAP MICs, positive surface charge, and cell membrane phospholipid profiles) and (ii) these gain-in-function SNPs (i.e., enhanced L-PG synthesis) likely promote reduced DAP binding to
S. aureus
by a charge repulsion mechanism. Thus, for these two DAP
r
strains, the defined
mprF
SNPs appear to be causally related to this phenotype.
Structure-Activity Relations of Myxinidin, an Antibacterial Peptide Derived from the Epidermal Mucus of Hagfish
Authors: Cantisani Marco , Leone Marilisa , Mignogna Eleonora , Kampanaraki Katerina , Falanga Annarita , Morelli Giancarlo , Galdiero Massimiliano , Galdiero Stefania 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTThe structure-activity relations of myxinidin, a peptide derived from epidermal mucus of hagfish,Myxine glutinosaL., were investigated. Analysis of key residues allowed us to design new peptides with increased efficiency. Antimicrobial activity of native and modified peptides demonstrated the key role of uncharged residues in the sequence; the loss of these residues reduces almost entirely myxinidin antimicrobial activity, while insertion of arginine at charged and uncharged position increases antimicrobial activity compared with that of native myxinidin. Particularly, we designed a peptide capable of achieving a high inhibitory effect on bacterial growth. Experiments were conducted using both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies showed that myxinidin is able to form an amphipathic α-helical structure at the N terminus and a random coil region at the C terminus.
Rilpivirine Inhibits Drug Transporters ABCB1, SLC22A1, and SLC22A2
In Vitro
Authors: Moss Darren M. , Liptrott Neill J. , Curley Paul , Siccardi Marco , Back David J. , Owen Andrew 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACT

Rilpivirine is a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor approved for treatment of HIV-1 infection in antiretroviral-naive adult patients. Potential interactions with drug transporters have not been fully investigated. Transport by and inhibition of drug transporters by rilpivirine were analyzed to further understand the mechanisms governing rilpivirine exposure and determine the potential for transporter-mediated drug-drug interactions. The ability of rilpivirine to inhibit or be transported by ABCB1 was determined using ABCB1-overexpressing CEM
VBL100
cells and Caco-2 cell monolayers. The
Xenopus laevis
oocyte heterologous protein expression system was used to clarify if rilpivirine was either transported by or inhibited the function of influx transporters SLCO1A2, SLCO1B1, SLCO1B3, SLC22A2, SLC22A6, and SLC22A8. The ability of rilpivirine to inhibit or be transported by SLC22A1 was determined using SLC22A1-expressing KCL22 cells. Rilpivirine showed higher accumulation in SLC22A1-overexpressing KCL22 cells than control cells (27% increase,
P
= 0.03) and inhibited the functionality of SLC22A1 and SLC22A2 transport with 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC
50
s) of 28.5 μM and 5.13 μM, respectively. Inhibition of ABCB1-mediated digoxin transport was determined for rilpivirine, which inhibited digoxin transport in the B-to-A direction with an IC
50
of 4.48 μM. The maximum rilpivirine concentration in plasma in patients following a standard 25-mg dosing regimen is around 0.43 μM, lower than that necessary to substantially inhibit ABCB1, SLC22A1, or SLC22A2
in vitro
. However, these data indicate that SLC22A1 may contribute to variability in rilpivirine exposure and that interactions of rilpivirine with substrates of SLC22A1, SLC22A2, or ABCB1 may be possible.
Zebrafish as a Novel Vertebrate Model To Dissect Enterococcal Pathogenesis
Authors: Prajsnar Tomasz K. , Renshaw Stephen A. , Ogryzko Nikolay V. , Foster Simon J. , Serror Pascale , Mesnage Stéphane 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTEnterococcus faecalisis an opportunistic pathogen responsible for a wide range of life-threatening nosocomial infections, such as septicemia, peritonitis, and endocarditis.E. faecalisinfections are associated with a high mortality and substantial health care costs and cause therapeutic problems due to the intrinsic resistance of this bacterium to antibiotics. Several factors contributing toE. faecalisvirulence have been identified. Due to the variety of infections caused by this organism, numerous animal models have been used to mimicE. faecalisinfections, but none of them is considered ideal for monitoring pathogenesis. Here, we studied for the first timeE. faecalispathogenesis in zebrafish larvae. Using model strains, chosen isogenic mutants, and fluorescent derivatives expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP), we analyzed both lethality and bacterial dissemination in infected larvae. Genetically engineered immunocompromised zebrafish allowed the identification of two critical steps for successful establishment of disease: (i) host phagocytosis evasion mediated by the Epa rhamnopolysaccharide and (ii) tissue damage mediated by the quorum-sensing Fsr regulon. Our results reveal that the zebrafish is a novel, powerful model for studyingE. faecalispathogenesis, enabling us to dissect the mechanism of enterococcal virulence.
The TetR Family of Regulators
Authors: Cuthbertson Leslie , Nodwell Justin R. 
Published: September 2013

SUMMARY
The most common prokaryotic signal transduction mechanisms are the one-component systems in which a single polypeptide contains both a sensory domain and a DNA-binding domain. Among the >20 classes of one-component systems, the TetR family of regulators (TFRs) are widely associated with antibiotic resistance and the regulation of genes encoding small-molecule exporters. However, TFRs play a much broader role, controlling genes involved in metabolism, antibiotic production, quorum sensing, and many other aspects of prokaryotic physiology. There are several well-established model systems for understanding these important proteins, and structural studies have begun to unveil the mechanisms by which they bind DNA and recognize small-molecule ligands. The sequences for more than 200,000 TFRs are available in the public databases, and genomics studies are identifying their target genes. Three-dimensional structures have been solved for close to 200 TFRs. Comparison of these structures reveals a common overall architecture of nine conserved α helices. The most important open question concerning TFR biology is the nature and diversity of their ligands and how these relate to the biochemical processes under their control.
Formation and Subduction of North Pacific Tropical Water and Their Interannual Variability
Authors: Katsura Shota , Oka Eitarou , Qiu Bo , Schneider Niklas 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Formation and subduction of the North Pacific Tropical Water (NPTW), its interannual variability, and its associated mechanisms were investigated by using gridded Argo-profiling float data and various surface flux data in 2003–11. The NPTW has two formation sites in the center of the North Pacific subtropical gyre, corresponding to two regional sea surface salinity maxima. Mixed layer salinity variations in these two NPTW formation sites were found to be significantly different. While seasonal variation was prominent in the eastern formation site, interannual variation was dominant in the western site. The mixed layer salinity variation in the eastern site was controlled mainly by evaporation, precipitation, and entrainment of fresher water below the mixed layer and was closely related to the seasonal variation of the mixed layer depth. In the western site, the effect of entrainment is small due to a small vertical difference in salinity across the mixed layer base, and excess evaporation over precipitation that tended to be balanced by eddy diffusion, whose strength varied interannually in association with the Pacific decadal oscillation. After subduction, denser NPTW that formed in the eastern site dissipated quickly, while the lighter one that formed in the western site was advected westward as far as the Philippine Sea, transmitting the interannual variation of salinity away from its formation region.
Performance Assessment of a Heat Wave Vulnerability Index for Greater London, United Kingdom
Authors: Wolf Tanja , McGregor Glenn , Analitis Antonis 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
This study reports on the assessment of a multivariate heat wave vulnerability index (HVI) developed for London, United Kingdom. The HVI is assessed in terms of its ability to predict whether mortality and ambulance callout attain above average levels during heat wave events. Three approaches to assessment were adopted: 1) calculation of categorical statistics and associated skill scores for the dichotomous situation that above average mortality or ambulance callout occurred or not, 2) the degree to which relative risk of the aforementioned health outcomes changed with an increase in heat vulnerability as established using Poisson regression analysis, and 3) an independent samples test of the difference of mean mortality and ambulance callout between census units with and without high heat exposure and high vulnerability. The assessment results reveal that the HVI and a simple single variable index that represents age as a heat risk factor (the elderly index) offer potential as a priori indicators of the level of ambulance callout and mortality for all summer days and heat wave events, respectively. Based on the assessment results the utility of the HVI for heat risk management is discussed.
Infusion of foam sclerosants results in a distance-dependent procoagulant activity, haemoconcentration and elevation of D-dimer levels
Authors: Connor DE , Joseph JE , Exner T , Ma DDF , Parsi K 
Published: September 2013

Objective To investigate the biological effects of foam sclerotherapy in vivo. Materials and methods Ultrasound-guided sclerotherapy was performed using a 3% sodium tetradecyl sulphate or polidocanol. A total of 15 mL of foam was injected. Samples were collected from antecubital veins, target saphenous veins and the adjoining deep veins before, immediately after and 1 hour after the procedure. Saphenous vein samples were also taken sequentially at set 15 cm intervals. Clotting times, D-dimer, cell counts and biochemical parameters were measured. D-dimer levels were repeated one week later. Results Forty procedures were performed. Systemic clotting times were not affected by the procedure. Injection of 0.5 mL of foam 5 cm away from the relevant junctions resulted in procoagulant activity in the adjoining deep veins (sodium tetradecyl sulphate) and the target saphenous veins (sodium tetradecyl sulphate and polidocanol). The procoagulant effect in the target veins reached a peak at 15 cm but normalised at 45 cm. D-dimer levels were significantly increased 1 hour after treatment with either agent and remained elevated one week later. Sodium tetradecyl sulphate and to a lesser degree polidocanol induced biochemical changes consistent with haemoconcentration. Conclusion Infusion of foam sclerosants results in a distance-dependent procoagulant activity in the exposed vessels. Foam sclerotherapy results in haemoconcentration and elevation of D-dimer.
Estimation of Head Impact Exposure in High School Football
Authors: Broglio Steven P. , Martini Douglas , Kasper Luke , Eckner James T. , Kutcher Jeffery S. 
Published: September 2013

Background: Increased attention is being placed on the role of subconcussive impacts to the head during football participation and long-term cognitive health. Some have suggested that mitigating impacts to the head can be achieved by reducing or eliminating contact football practices. The effect that this might have on the number and magnitude of impacts is unknown. Purpose: To estimate the effect of limiting contact practices on the frequency and magnitude of head impacts through the retrospective assessment of in vivo head impact data. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Data on impact magnitude and frequency were collected with the Head Impact Telemetry System during the 2009 football season among 42 varsity high school football athletes (mean age, 16.2 ± 0.6 years; mean height, 180.9 ± 7.2 cm; mean weight, 89.8 ± 20.1 kg). Head impacts were compared between player positions and session types (noncontact practice, contact practice, and game). These results were used to estimate the frequency and magnitude of head impacts when contact sessions were restricted. Results: The participants collectively sustained 32,510 impacts over the 15-week season. The typical athlete sustained a mean of 774 ± 502 impacts during the season, with linemen (center, guard, and offensive or defensive tackle positions) sustaining the highest number of impacts per athlete (1076 ± 541), followed by tight ends, running backs, and linebackers (779 ± 286); wide receivers, cornerbacks, and safeties (417 ± 266); and quarterbacks (356 ± 433). When viewed by session type, noncontact practices (n = 21) accounted for 1998 total impacts (2.4 ± 1.4 per athlete per session), contact practices (n = 36) accounted for 16,346 impacts (10.5 ± 7.7 per athlete per session), and games (n = 14) accounted for 14,166 impacts (24.1 ± 19.1 per athlete per session). Significantly more impacts occurred during games when compared with contact ( P = .02) and noncontact practices ( P < .001), and contact practices yielded significantly more impacts than noncontact practices ( P = .02). Limiting contact practices to once per week would result in a 18% reduction in impacts for the duration of a season, while eliminating all contact practices would further reduce seasonal impacts by 39% across all players. Impact magnitudes were significantly highest during game sessions compared with contact and noncontact practices. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that limiting or eliminating contact football practices may reduce the number of head impacts sustained by athletes over the course of a season, although the effect that such rule changes may have on the magnitude of head impacts during practice sessions is less clear. As such, the potential effect of reductions in contact practices on athletes’ long-term cerebral health remains unknown.
Routine revascularization is unnecessary in the majority of patients requiring zone II coverage during thoracic endovascular aortic repair: A longitudinal outcomes study using United States Medicare population data
Authors: Wilson Jonathan E , Galiñanes Edgar L , Hu Parker , Dombrovskiy Viktor Y , Vogel Todd R 
Published: September 2013

Objective We aimed to evaluate outcomes of thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) with left subclavian artery (LSA) coverage without bypass (TEVAR + SUB) to TEVAR with coverage of the LSA with a bypass at the time of the initial procedure or later at a separate procedure (TEVAR + SUB + BYPASS). Methods The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services inpatient claims for 2006–2007 were queried using Current Procedural Terminology codes for TEVAR, TEVAR + SUB, TEVAR + SUB + BYPASS or later as a separate procedure. Results A total of 2676 patients underwent TEVAR; 869 (32.5%) underwent TEVAR + SUB and 49 (5.6%) TEVAR + SUB + BYPASS. At the time of the initial procedure, TEVAR + SUB + BYPASS was associated with a higher incidence of stroke compared to TEVAR + SUB (12.8% vs. 3.8 %; p = 0.0033). Among TEVAR + SUB, only 1.93% (50 patients) had a subsequent bypass performed during a one-year follow-up. Overall rates of morbidity ( p = 0.004) and mortality ( p = 0.011) trended towards significance in favor of TEVAR + SUB. Conclusions TEVAR + SUB were associated with lower rates of mortality and complications. Only a small percentage of TEVAR + SUB required a bypass at one year after procedure. Our data suggest that routine LSA bypass during TEVAR is unnecessary and associated with increase morbidity and mortality.