bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Silver/silver chloride microneedles can detect penetration through the round window membrane
Authors: Wazen Joseph M. , Stevens James P. , Watanabe Hirobumi , Kysar Jeffrey W. , Lalwani Anil K. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractHypothesis: Silver‐plated microneedles can be used to confirm penetration of semi‐permeable membranes such as the round window membrane (RWM) by detection of voltage change at the moment of perforation. Background: The introduction of microperforations in the RWM can significantly enhance intracochlear delivery of therapeutics. However, the moment of needle penetration through the RWM cannot be reliably detected by visualization or sensation alone. We explore the ability of electrochemical detection of penetration in defining the precise instant a microneedle enters the inner ear. Methods: 0.2 mm diameter stainless steel Minutien pins were electroplated with copper, then silver. Pins were then soaked in bleach for 24 h to complete Ag/AgCl plating. Experiments were performed using a 3 mL Franz cell diffusion system with 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5% saline solution in the donor chamber and artificial perilymph solution in the receptor chamber separated by 5‐μm pore synthetic membrane. Continuous voltage measurements were made throughout the process of membrane penetration by the microneedle (N = 6 for each saline concentration). Results: Silver‐plated needles were able to detect an instantaneous change in voltage when traversing the membrane from saline solution into artificial perilymph. As calculated, the magnitude of the change in voltage upon penetration increased with increasing saline concentration and was stable across trials. Conclusion: Ag/AgCl coated microneedles are effective in detecting the moment of penetration across semi‐permeable membranes. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 307–311, 2017.
Tight Co‐Degree Condition for Packing of Loose Cycles in 3‐Graphs
Authors: Czygrinow Andrzej 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe show that for every even integer there is n0 such that, if H is a 3‐uniform hypergraph on , vertices such that the minimum co‐degree of H is at least , then H can be tiled with copies of a loose cycle on s vertices. The co‐degree condition is tight.
Stereotactic anatomical localization in complex sinus surgery: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Vreugdenburg Thomas D. , Lambert Robyn S. , Atukorale Yasoba N. , Cameron Alun L. 
Published: October 2015

ObjectiveIt is recognized that stereotactic anatomical localization (SAL) is a useful tool in endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS), but it may be most beneficial for complex rather than routine sinus procedures. This review sought to determine the safety and efficacy of SAL in complex indications for ESS.Data SourcesPubMed, EMBASE, Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception up to April 4, 2014.Review MethodsEnglish studies comparing ESS with and without SAL in complex cases were included. Complex surgery included revision surgery, inverted papilloma, extensive sinus disease, or biopsy of tumors that are not exophytic. Safety outcomes included total, major, minor, orbital, dural, and major hemorrhage complications. Efficacy outcomes included operation completion, revision surgery, and patient‐reported outcomes. Meta‐analysis generated fixed‐effects Mantel‐Haenszel odds ratios (OR) and confidence intervals (CI).ResultsA total of 2,381 studies were identified, of which nine met the inclusion criteria. Meta‐analyses indicated a reduction in the likelihood of total (OR = 0.58; 95% CI, 0.37–0.92), major (OR = 0.36; 95% CI, 0.18–0.75), and orbital complications (OR = 0.38; 95% CI, 0.17–0.83). There was no demonstrated benefit of SAL at reducing revision surgery (OR = 0.64; 95% CI, 0.38–1.08), major hemorrhage (OR = 0.77; 95% CI, 0.29–2.06), or minor complications (OR = 0.85; 95% CI, 0.48–1.50).ConclusionDue to the rare outcomes under investigation, the included primary studies largely lacked the power to identify a statistically meaningful effect of SAL in ESS. However, meta‐analyses of primary studies demonstrated a decreased likelihood of total, major, and orbital complications in complex ESS with the use of SAL. Laryngoscope, 126:51–59, 2016
Block Copolymer Micelle Nanotubes by the Solvent‐Annealing‐Induced Nanowetting in Anodic Aluminum Oxide Templates
Authors: Yao I‐Chun , Cheng Ming‐Hsiang , Chen Jiun‐Tai 
Published: October 2015

Block copolymer micelles are generally formed by the self‐assembly of amphiphilic copolymer molecules in aqueous medium. Although different types of block copolymer micelles have been studied, the self‐assembly behavior of block copolymer micelles in confined geometries have been rarely studied. In this work, the fabrication of polystyrene‐block‐poly(4‐vinylpyridine) (PS‐b‐P4VP) micelle nanotubes in the cylindrical nanopores of anodic aluminum oxide templates using a solvent‐annealing‐assisted wetting method is presented. The PS‐b‐P4VP chains wet the pore walls in the form of micelles when the sample is annealed in the vapor of toluene, a good solvent for PS and a nonsolvent for P4VP. The formation of the PS‐b‐P4VP micelle nanotubes instead of nanorods implies that the micelles wet the nanopores in the complete wetting regime. This study not only contributes to a deeper understanding of the self‐assembly behavior of block polymer micelles in confined geometries, but also provides more possible variations and design freedoms in the application of block copolymer micelles.
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Microbial responses to southward and northward Cambisol soil transplant
Authors: Wang Mengmeng , Liu Shanshan , Wang Feng , Sun Bo , Zhou Jizhong , Yang Yunfeng 
Published: October 2015

AbstractSoil transplant serves as a proxy to simulate climate changes. Recently, we have shown that southward transplant of black soil and northward transplant of red soil altered soil microbial communities and biogeochemical variables. However, fundamental differences in soil types have prevented direct comparison between southward and northward transplants. To tackle it, herein we report an analysis of microbial communities of Cambisol soil in an agriculture field after 4 years of adaptation to southward and northward soil transplants over large transects. Analysis of bare fallow soils revealed concurrent increase in microbial functional diversity and coarse‐scale taxonomic diversity at both transplanted sites, as detected by GeoChip 3.0 and DGGE, respectively. Furthermore, a correlation between microbial functional diversity and taxonomic diversity was detected, which was masked in maize cropped soils. Mean annual temperature, soil moisture, and nitrate (NO3¯‐N) showed strong correlations with microbial communities. In addition, abundances of ammonium‐oxidizing genes (amoA) and denitrification genes were correlated with nitrification capacity and NO3¯‐N contents, suggesting that microbial responses to soil transplant could alter microbe‐mediated biogeochemical cycle at the ecosystem level.
Poor survival of Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus on inanimate objects in the public spaces
Authors: Domon Hisanori , Uehara Yoshio , Oda Masataka , Seo Hiromi , Kubota Noriko , Terao Yutaka 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe investigated the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus on shopping baskets in Osaka Prefecture, Japan. Multilocus sequence typing was performed to determine the genotypes of S. aureus isolates, and then a polymerase chain reaction method was used to detect staphylococcal enterotoxins and antibiotic resistance genes. In addition, desiccation tolerance of S. aureus isolates was evaluated in vitro. Forty‐six (6.2%) S. aureus isolates were collected from 740 shopping baskets, though only one MRSA strain was identified. In multilocus sequence typing findings, ten sequence types and 24 singletons were classified, which were divided into ten clonal complexes and six singletons. The most frequent staphylococcal enterotoxin gene was seg (30.4%). Our in vitro findings demonstrated that 70% of the S. aureus isolates, including the MRSA strain, became undetectable at 12 h after desiccation at an appropriate cell density, while the others remained viable for up to 24 h. Thus, it is difficult for MRSA organisms to survive on dry surfaces found in public areas. We speculated that inanimate objects in the community are unlikely to be a potential source for transmission of MRSA and that S. aureus on such objects outside of hospital settings is not a public health threat.
Learning More from Finger Tapping in Parkinson's Disease: Up and Down from Dyskinesia to Bradykinesia
Authors: Picillo Marina , Vincos Gustavo B. , Kern Drew S. , Fox Susan H. , Lang Anthony E. , Fasano Alfonso 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe finger tapping test evaluates bradykinesia, focusing on decrement in rate, amplitude, or both with repetitive action. Vertical positioning of the hands during this task may also be clinically relevant. We developed a “TAP score,” measuring the vertical level above the lap where the patient performs the finger tapping ranging from 1 (task performed with the hand close to the lap) to 4 (above the head). In this pilot study, we retrospectively applied the TAP score in addition to usual motor scales during acute levodopa challenge in 123 PD patients (of whom 88 presented l‐dopa‐induced dyskinesia [LID]). TAP ON was higher than TAP OFF. Patients with LID presented higher TAP ON. TAP ON was related to LID severity, whereas TAP OFF was inversely related to the OFF motor symptoms. The TAP score may be a measure of proximal movement amplitude representing an easy method to evaluate defective or excessive motor output in patients with advanced disease.
On equivalence between the proportionate flow shop and single‐machine scheduling problems
Authors: Panwalkar S.S. , Koulamas Christos 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe derive sufficient conditions which, when satisfied, guarantee that an optimal solution for a single‐machine scheduling problem is also optimal for the corresponding proportionate flow shop scheduling problem. We then utilize these sufficient conditions to show the solvability in polynomial time of numerous proportionate flow shop scheduling problems with fixed job processing times, position‐dependent job processing times, controllable job processing times, and also problems with job rejection. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 62: 595–603, 2015
Controlling the onset of numerical fracture in parallelized implementations of the material point method (MPM) with convective particle domain interpolation (CPDI) domain scaling
Authors: Homel Michael A. , Brannon Rebecca M. , Guilkey James 
Published: October 2015

SummaryThe material point method is well suited for large‐deformation problems in solid mechanics but requires modification to avoid cell‐crossing errors as well as extension instabilities that lead to numerical (nonphysical) fracture. A promising solution is convected particle domain interpolation (CPDI), in which the integration domain used to map data between particles and the background grid deforms with the particle, based on the material deformation gradient. While eliminating the extension instability can be a benefit, it is often desirable to allow material separation to avoid nonphysical stretching. Additionally, large stretches in material points can complicate parallel implementation of CPDI if a single particle domain spans multiple computational patches. A straightforward modification to the CPDI algorithm allows a user‐specified scaling of the particle integration domain to control the numerical fracture response, which facilitates parallelization. Combined with particle splitting, the method can accommodate materials with arbitrarily large failure strains. Used with a smeared damage/softening model, this approach will prevent nonphysical numerical fracture in situations where the material should remain intact, but the effect of a single velocity field on localization may still produce errors in the post‐failure response. Details are given for both 2‐D and 3‐D implementations of the scaling algorithm. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of explicit and semi‐explicit classes of model‐based algorithms for direct integration in structural dynamics
Authors: Kolay Chinmoy , Ricles James M. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryThe ‘model‐based’ algorithms available in the literature are primarily developed for the direct integration of the equations of motion for hybrid simulation in earthquake engineering, an experimental method where the system response is simulated by dividing it into a physical and an analytical domain. The term ‘model‐based’ indicates that the algorithmic parameters are functions of the complete model of the system to enable unconditional stability to be achieved within the framework of an explicit formulation. These two features make the model‐based algorithms also potential candidates for computations in structural dynamics. Based on the algorithmic difference equations, these algorithms can be classified as either explicit or semi‐explicit, where the former refers to the algorithms with explicit difference equations for both displacement and velocity, while the latter for displacement only. The algorithms pertaining to each class are reviewed, and a new family of second‐order unconditionally stable parametrically dissipative semi‐explicit algorithms is presented. Numerical characteristics of these two classes of algorithms are assessed under linear and nonlinear structural behavior. Representative numerical examples are presented to complement the analytical findings. The analysis and numerical examples demonstrate the advantages and limitations of these two classes of model‐based algorithms for applications in structural dynamics. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Amino acid positions subject to multiple coevolutionary constraints can be robustly identified by their eigenvector network centrality scores
Authors: Parente Daniel J. , Ray J. Christian J. , Swint‐Kruse Liskin 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTAs proteins evolve, amino acid positions key to protein structure or function are subject to mutational constraints. These positions can be detected by analyzing sequence families for amino acid conservation or for coevolution between pairs of positions. Coevolutionary scores are usually rank‐ordered and thresholded to reveal the top pairwise scores, but they also can be treated as weighted networks. Here, we used network analyses to bypass a major complication of coevolution studies: For a given sequence alignment, alternative algorithms usually identify different, top pairwise scores. We reconciled results from five commonly‐used, mathematically divergent algorithms (ELSC, McBASC, OMES, SCA, and ZNMI), using the LacI/GalR and 1,6‐bisphosphate aldolase protein families as models. Calculations used unthresholded coevolution scores from which column‐specific properties such as sequence entropy and random noise were subtracted; “central” positions were identified by calculating various network centrality scores. When compared among algorithms, network centrality methods, particularly eigenvector centrality, showed markedly better agreement than comparisons of the top pairwise scores. Positions with large centrality scores occurred at key structural locations and/or were functionally sensitive to mutations. Further, the top central positions often differed from those with top pairwise coevolution scores: instead of a few strong scores, central positions often had multiple, moderate scores. We conclude that eigenvector centrality calculations reveal a robust evolutionary pattern of constraints—detectable by divergent algorithms—that occur at key protein locations. Finally, we discuss the fact that multiple patterns coexist in evolutionary data that, together, give rise to emergent protein functions. Proteins 2015; 83:2293–2306. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Survival probabilities with time‐dependent treatment indicator: quantities and non‐parametric estimators
Authors: Bernasconi Davide Paolo , Rebora Paola , Iacobelli Simona , Valsecchi Maria Grazia , Antolini Laura 
Published: October 2015

The ‘landmark’ and ‘Simon and Makuch’ non‐parametric estimators of the survival function are commonly used to contrast the survival experience of time‐dependent treatment groups in applications such as stem cell transplant versus chemotherapy in leukemia. However, the theoretical survival functions corresponding to the second approach were not clearly defined in the literature, and the use of the ‘Simon and Makuch’ estimator was criticized in the biostatistical community.Here, we review the ‘landmark’ approach, showing that it focuses on the average survival of patients conditional on being failure free and on the treatment status assessed at the landmark time. We argue that the ‘Simon and Makuch’ approach represents counterfactual survival probabilities where treatment status is forced to be fixed: the patient is thought as under chemotherapy without possibility to switch treatment or as under transplant since the beginning of the follow‐up. We argue that the ‘Simon and Makuch’ estimator leads to valid estimates only under the Markov assumption, which is however less likely to occur in practical applications. This motivates the development of a novel approach based on time rescaling, which leads to suitable estimates of the counterfactual probabilities in a semi‐Markov process. The method is also extended to deal with a fixed landmark time of interest. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Dysregulation Results in Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Bhatwadekar Ashay D. , Duan Yaqian , Chakravarthy Harshini , Korah Maria , Caballero Sergio , Busik Julia V. , Grant Maria B. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) acts as a defense against a variety of bone marrow (BM) stressors. We hypothesized that ATM loss in BM-hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) would be detrimental to both HSC function and microvascular repair while sustained ATM would be beneficial in disease models of diabetes. Chronic diabetes represents a condition associated with HSC depletion and inadequate vascular repair. Gender mismatched chimeras of ATM−/− on wild type background were generated and a cohort were made diabetic using streptozotocin (STZ). HSCs from the STZ-ATM−/−chimeras showed (a) reduced self-renewal; (b) decreased long-term repopulation; (c) depletion from the primitive endosteal niche; (d) myeloid bias; and (e) accelerated diabetic retinopathy (DR). To further test the significance of ATM in hematopoiesis and diabetes, we performed microarrays on circulating angiogenic cells, CD34+ cells, obtained from a unique cohort of human subjects with long-standing (&gt;40 years duration) poorly controlled diabetes that were free of DR. Pathway analysis of microarrays in these individuals revealed DNA repair and cell-cycle regulation as the top networks with marked upregulation of ATM mRNA compared with CD34+ cells from diabetics with DR. In conclusion, our study highlights using rodent models and human subjects, the critical role of ATM in microvascular repair in DR.
Measuring psychological engagement in youth activity involvement☆
Authors: Ramey Heather L. , Rose‐Krasnor Linda , Busseri Michael A. , Gadbois Shannon , Bowker Anne , Findlay Leanne 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTAlthough psychological engagement (e.g., enjoyment, concentration) may be critical in fostering positive outcomes of youth activity participation, too few studies have been conducted to establish its role in development. Furthermore, an established measurement tool is lacking. In the current study, we evaluated a brief engagement measure with two Canadian samples of youth (Sample 1, N = 290, mean age = 16.9 years, 62% female; Sample 2, N = 1827, mean age = 13.1 years, 54% female). We conducted a confirmatory factor analysis with structural equation modeling to examine the hypothesized structure of the model. We also assessed the measure's validity by testing relations between engagement and both perceived outcomes and positive features of activity settings. Psychological engagement was best captured by three latent cognitive, affective, and relational/spiritual factors and a second‐order latent factor. Also, as anticipated, psychological engagement was associated with features of the activity setting and perceived impact.
Heat stroke during treatment with olanzapine, trihexyphenidyl, and trazodone in a patient with schizophrenia
Authors: Lee Chin-Pang , Chen Pei-Jung , Chang Chia-Ming 
Published: October 2015

ObjectiveHeat stroke is a medical emergency. Psychiatric patients are particularly susceptible to heat stroke. Therefore, awareness and preventive measures of heat stroke are important for both clinicians and patients.Case descriptionA 49-year-old man with schizophrenia, who was under maintenance treatment with olanzapine 20 mg/day, trihexyphenidyl 4 mg/day, and trazodone 50 mg/day, suffered from heat stroke in a heat wave and required intensive care. He recovered with the medical treatment provided.DiscussionSeveral factors could have contributed to the impaired thermoregulation and the occurrence of heat stroke in this case: schizophrenia, the psychotropic regimen, and lack of preventive measures. Possible differential diagnoses of heat stroke in this case include infection, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, and serotonin syndrome.ConclusionHeat stroke can occur during the maintenance treatment of olanzapine, trihexyphenidyl, and trazodone for schizophrenia. Clinicians should be proactive to reduce the risk of heat stroke in psychiatric patients.
Sophistication, Sentiment, and Misreaction
Authors: Chang Chuang-Chang , Hsieh Pei-Fang , Wang Yaw-Huei 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis study investigates whether the existence or strength of any misreaction in the options market is affected by investor sophistication and investor sentiment. Based on a unique data set of the complete history of all transactions in the Taiwan options market, we find that individual investors exhibit significant misreaction to information and that this misreaction becomes stronger during periods of high investor sentiment. In addition, more active or aggressive individual investors always exhibit misreaction and do not learn from their past mistakes. Our empirical results are robust to alternative measures of investor sentiment and definitions of long- and short-term horizons.