bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cephalosporin use in penicillin‐allergic patients: A survey of otolaryngologists and literature review
Authors: Persky Michael J. , Roof Scott A. , Fang Yixin , Jethanamest Daniel , April Max M. 
Published: March 2015

Objectives/HypothesisThis study investigated the differences between the standard guidelines and the practice patterns of otolaryngologists in managing “penicillin‐allergic” patients. A major goal was to identify factors influencing an otolaryngologist's choice of antibiotic.Study DesignCross‐sectional survey.MethodsFour hundred seventy members of the American Society of Pediatric Otolaryngologists (ASPO) and 150 general otolaryngologists from the Florida Society of Otolaryngology (FSO) were surveyed.ResultsNinety‐six ASPO members (20.4%) and 22 members of FSO (14.6%) responded. When asked about the management of a pediatric patient with acute otitis media and a history of a nonsevere immunoglobulin E (IgE)‐mediated amoxicillin allergy, 54% of ASPO respondents indicated they would initiate guideline‐recommended cefdinir, whereas only 27% of FSO respondents chose cefdinir (P = .02). Otolaryngologists who are fellowship trained in pediatrics or have pediatric‐focused practices were significantly more likely to prescribe cefdinir. Overall, 57% of respondents indicated that they were familiar with the literature regarding the cross‐reactivity of β‐lactams, but only 25% of respondents felt that they could easily differentiate a potentially life‐threatening IgE‐mediated allergy from a non–IgE‐mediated drug intolerance.ConclusionsThe data show differences between the current recommendations and the behavior of otolaryngologists. Pediatric otolaryngologists were more familiar with the guideline‐recommended therapy, likely from their frequent exposure to patients requiring a β‐lactam. Nevertheless, most otolaryngologists could benefit from increased awareness of the current literature. Patients may be receiving less than optimal medication management due to a misidentification of those at risk of life‐ threatening allergic cross‐reactions.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 125:1822–1826, 2015
Conservation Effects on Soil Quality and Climate Change Adaptability of Ethiopian Watersheds
Authors: Mengistu Daniel , Bewket Woldeamlak , Lal Rattan 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis study analyzes effects of soil and water conservation (SWC) on soil quality and implications to climate change adaptation and mitigation in the Upper Blue Nile River Basin of Ethiopia by using the Anjeni watershed as a case study site. Disturbed and undisturbed soil samples were collected from two sub‐watersheds of Anjeni: the Minchet sub‐watershed (with SWC measures) and the Zikrie sub‐watershed (without SWC measures). Soil samples were taken from 30‐cm depth from five representative landscape positions and analyzed following the standard soil lab analysis procedures. The results show that soils from the conserved sub‐watershed had improved quality indicators compared with those from the non‐conserved site. Significant improvement due to SWC measures was observed in the soil hydrological [total moisture content (+5·43%), field capacity (+5·35%), and available water capacity (+4·18%)] and chemical [cation exchange capacity (+4·40 cmol(+) kg−1), Mg2+ (+1·90 cmol(+) kg−1), Na+ (+0·10 cmol(+) kg−1)] properties. SWC interventions significantly reduced soil erosion by 57–81% and surface runoff by 19–50% in the conserved sub‐watershed. Reduction in soil erosion can maintain the soil organic carbon stock, reduce the land degradation risks, and enhance the C sequestration potential of soils. Therefore, adoption of SWC measures can increase farmers' ability to offset emissions and adapt to climate change. However, SWC measures that are both protective and sufficiently productive have not yet been implemented in the conserved sub‐watershed. Therefore, it is important that SWC structures be supplemented with other biological and agronomic measures in conjunction with soil fertility amendments appropriate to site‐specific conditions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Temperature affects the size‐structure of phytoplankton communities in the ocean
Authors: López‐Urrutia Ángel , Morán Xosé Anxelu G. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe strong inverse correlation between resource availability and temperature in the ocean poses a challenge to determine the relative effect of these two variables on the size‐structure of natural phytoplankton communities. Marañón et al (2012) compiled a dataset of concurrent temperature and resource level proxies that they claim disentangled the effect of temperature from that of resource supply. They concluded that the hypothesis that temperature per se plays a direct role in controlling phytoplankton size structure should be rejected. But our reanalysis of their data reaches a very different conclusion and suggests that they failed to separate the effects of temperature from the effects of resources. Although we obviously concur with Marañón et al (2012) in the long‐known predominance of small phytoplankton cells under oligotrophic conditions, from our point of view this should not deter us from considering temperature as an important explanatory variable at a global scale since we show that, for the vast oligotrophic areas of the world's oceans where chlorophyll concentrations are below <1 μg L‐1 temperature explains a high proportion of the variability in the size distribution of phytoplankton communities, a variability that can not be explained on the basis of the resource level proxies advocated by Marañón et al. (2012).
Adaptive responses of Bacillus cereus ATCC14579 cells upon exposure to acid conditions involve ATPase activity to maintain their internal pH
Authors: Senouci‐Rezkallah Khadidja , Jobin Michel P. , Schmitt Philippe 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis study examined the involvement of ATPase activity in the acid tolerance response (ATR) of Bacillus cereus ATCC14579 strain. In the current work, B. cereus cells were grown in anaerobic chemostat culture at external pH (pHe) 7.0 or 5.5 and at a growth rate of 0.2 h−1. Population reduction and internal pH (pHi) after acid shock at pH 4.0 was examined either with or without ATPase inhibitor N,N’‐dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD) and ionophores valinomycin and nigericin. Population reduction after acid shock at pH 4.0 was strongly limited in cells grown at pH 5.5 (acid‐adapted cells) compared with cells grown at pH 7.0 (unadapted cells), indicating that B. cereus cells grown at low pHe were able to induce a significant ATR and Exercise‐induced increase in ATPase activity. However, DCCD and ionophores had a negative effect on the ability of B. cereus cells to survive and maintain their pHi during acid shock. When acid shock was achieved after DCCD treatment, pHi was markedly dropped in unadapted and acid‐adapted cells. The ATPase activity was also significantly inhibited by DCCD and ionophores in acid‐adapted cells. Furthermore, transcriptional analysis revealed that atpB (ATP beta chain) transcripts was increased in acid‐adapted cells compared to unadapted cells before and after acid shock. Our data demonstrate that B. cereus is able to induce an ATR during growth at low pH. These adaptations depend on the ATPase activity induction and pHi homeostasis. Our data demonstrate that the ATPase enzyme can be implicated in the cytoplasmic pH regulation and in acid tolerance of B. cereus acid‐adapted cells.
Interventions that may reduce depressive symptoms among prostate cancer patients: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Newby Timothy A. , Graff Julie N. , Ganzini Linda K. , McDonagh Marian S. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractObjectiveProstate cancer patients are at increased risk of depression yet there is no standard intervention to address this. The purpose of this meta‐analysis is to examine the efficacy of interventions in reducing depressive symptoms in men with prostate cancer.MethodsSearches for studies were conducted in four databases and by hand. Randomized controlled trials of any intervention relative to control for depression in prostate cancer patients at any stage of their cancer treatment were included.ResultsWe identified 11 studies that randomized men with prostate cancer to either an intervention meant to improve some aspect of quality of life or control and reported depressive symptoms scores before and after the intervention or control condition. Two of these were not used in our meta‐analysis either for concerns about quality or for lack of depression scores. The interventions identified in the remaining nine articles were exercise (four), information (three), psychotherapy or peer support (three), massage therapy (one), and medication (one). Several publications included more than one type of intervention. A meta‐analysis of all studies showed that an intervention of some types significantly improved depressive symptom scores relative to the control condition (improvement in depression score by −0.86 unit (95% CI: −1.42, −0.31)). Isolating the peer support/psychotherapy studies also showed significant improvement (improvement in depression score by −1.09 unit (95% CI: −2.05, −0.13)).ConclusionTreatments to improve depressive symptoms in men with prostate cancer may be effective, with the best evidence supporting the use of peer support/psychotherapy. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
State selection in Markov models for panel data with application to psoriatic arthritis
Authors: Thom Howard H. Z. , Jackson Christopher H. , Commenges Daniel , Sharples Linda D. 
Published: March 2015

Markov multistate models in continuous‐time are commonly used to understand the progression over time of disease or the effect of treatments and covariates on patient outcomes. The states in multistate models are related to categorisations of the disease status, but there is often uncertainty about the number of categories to use and how to define them. Many categorisations, and therefore multistate models with different states, may be possible. Different multistate models can show differences in the effects of covariates or in the time to events, such as death, hospitalisation, or disease progression. Furthermore, different categorisations contain different quantities of information, so that the corresponding likelihoods are on different scales, and standard, likelihood‐based model comparison is not applicable.We adapt a recently developed modification of Akaike's criterion, and a cross‐validatory criterion, to compare the predictive ability of multistate models on the information which they share. All the models we consider are fitted to data consisting of observations of the process at arbitrary times, often called ‘panel’ data. We develop an implementation of these criteria through Hidden Markov models and apply them to the comparison of multistate models for the Health Assessment Questionnaire score in psoriatic arthritis. This procedure is straightforward to implement in the R package ‘msm’. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Establishing Criteria for Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Potency
Authors: Samsonraj Rebekah M. , Rai Bina , Sathiyanathan Padmapriya , Puan Kia Joo , Rötzschke Olaf , Hui James H. , Raghunath Michael , Stanton Lawrence W. , Nurcombe Victor , Cool Simon M. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis study sought to identify critical determinants of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) potency using in vitro and in vivo attributes of cells isolated from the bone marrow of age- and sex-matched donors. Adherence to plastic was not indicative of potency, yet capacity for long-term expansion in vitro varied considerably between donors, allowing the grouping of MSCs from the donors into either those with high-growth capacity or low-growth capacity. Using this grouping strategy, high-growth capacity MSCs were smaller in size, had greater colony-forming efficiency, and had longer telomeres. Cell-surface biomarker analysis revealed that the International Society for Cellular Therapy (ISCT) criteria did not distinguish between high-growth capacity and low-growth capacity MSCs, whereas STRO-1 and platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha were preferentially expressed on high-growth capacity MSCs. These cells also had the highest mean expression of the mRNA transcripts TWIST-1 and DERMO-1. Irrespective of these differences, both groups of donor MSCs produced similar levels of key growth factors and cytokines involved in tissue regeneration and were capable of multilineage differentiation. However, high-growth capacity MSCs produced approximately double the volume of mineralized tissue compared to low-growth capacity MSCs when assessed for ectopic bone-forming ability. The additional phenotypic criteria presented in this study when combined with the existing ISCT minimum criteria and working proposal will permit an improved assessment of MSC potency and provide a basis for establishing the quality of MSCs prior to their therapeutic application. Stem Cells 2015;33:1878–1891
Unipotent Megakaryopoietic Pathway Bridging Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Mature Megakaryocytes
Authors: Nishikii Hidekazu , Kanazawa Yosuke , Umemoto Terumasa , Goltsev Yury , Matsuzaki Yu , Matsushita Kenji , Yamato Masayuki , Nolan Garry P. , Negrin Robert , Chiba Shigeru 
Published: March 2015

AbstractRecent identification of platelet/megakaryocyte-biased hematopoietic stem/repopulating cells requires revision of the intermediate pathway for megakaryopoiesis. Here, we show a unipotent megakaryopoietic pathway bypassing the bipotent megakaryocyte/erythroid progenitors (biEMPs). Cells purified from mouse bone marrow by CD42b (GPIbα) marking were demonstrated to be unipotent megakaryocytic progenitors (MKPs) by culture and transplantation. A subpopulation of freshly isolated CD41+ cells in the lineage Sca1+cKit+ (LSK) fraction (subCD41+LSK) differentiated only into MKP and mature megakaryocytes in culture. Although CD41+LSK cells as a whole were capable of differentiating into all myeloid and lymphoid cells in vivo, they produced unipotent MKP, mature megakaryocytes, and platelets in vitro and in vivo much more efficiently than Flt3+CD41−LSK cells, especially at the early phase after transplantation. In single cell polymerase chain reaction and thrombopoietin (TPO) signaling analyses, the MKP and a fraction of CD41+LSK, but not the biEMP, showed the similarities in mRNA expression profile and visible TPO-mediated phosphorylation. On increased demand of platelet production after 5-FU treatment, a part of CD41+LSK population expressed CD42b on the surface, and 90% of them showed unipotent megakaryopoietic capacity in single cell culture and predominantly produced platelets in vivo at the early phase after transplantation. These results suggest that the CD41+CD42b+LSK are straightforward progenies of megakaryocytes/platelet-biased stem/repopulating cells, but not progenies of biEMP. Consequently, we show a unipotent/highly biased megakaryopoietic pathway interconnecting stem/repopulating cells and mature megakaryocytes, the one that may play physiologic roles especially in emergency megakaryopoiesis. Stem Cells 2015;33:2196–2207
PI3kα and STAT1 Interplay Regulates Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Immune Polarization
Authors: Mounayar Marwan , Kefaloyianni Eirini , Smith Brian , Solhjou Zhabiz , Maarouf Omar H. , Azzi Jamil , Chabtini Lola , Fiorina Paolo , Kraus Morey , Briddell Robert , Fodor William , Herrlich Andreas , Abdi Reza 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The immunomodulatory capacity of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is critical for their use in therapeutic applications. MSC response to specific inflammatory cues allows them to switch between a proinflammatory (MSC1) or anti-inflammatory (MSC2) phenotype. Regulatory mechanisms controlling this switch remain to be defined. One characteristic feature of MSC2 is their ability to respond to IFNγ with induction of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), representing the key immunoregulatory molecule released by human MSC. Here, we show that STAT1 and PI3Kα pathways interplay regulates IFNγ-induced IDO production in MSC. Chemical phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pan-inhibition, PI3Kα-specific inhibition or shRNA knockdown diminished IFNγ-induced IDO production. This effect involved PI3Kα-mediated upregulation of STAT1 protein levels and phosphorylation at Ser727. Overexpression of STAT1 or of a constitutively active PI3Kα mutant failed to induce basal IDO production, but shifted MSC into an MSC2-like phenotype by strongly enhancing IDO production in response to IFNγ as compared to controls. STAT1 overexpression strongly enhanced MSC-mediated T-cell suppression. The same effect could be induced using short-term pretreatment of MSC with a chemical inhibitor of the counter player of PI3K, phosphatase and tensin homolog. Finally, downregulation of STAT1 abrogated the immunosuppressive capacity of MSC. Our results for the first time identify critical upstream signals for the induced production of IDO in MSCs that could be manipulated therapeutically to enhance their immunosuppressive phenotype. Stem Cells 2015;33:1892–1901
Continuous Non-Cell Autonomous Reprogramming to Generate Retinal Ganglion Cells for Glaucomatous Neuropathy
Authors: Parameswaran Sowmya , Dravid Shashank Manohar , Teotia Pooja , Krishnamoorthy Raghu R. , Qiu Fang , Toris Carol , Morrison John , Ahmad Iqbal 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Glaucoma, where the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) carrying the visual signals from the retina to the visual centers in the brain are progressively lost, is the most common cause of irreversible blindness. The management approaches, whether surgical, pharmacological, or neuroprotective do not reverse the degenerative changes. The stem cell approach to replace dead RGCs is a viable option but currently faces several barriers, such as the lack of a renewable, safe, and ethical source of RGCs that are functional and could establish contacts with bona fide targets. To address these barriers, we have derived RGCs from the easily accessible adult limbal cells, reprogrammed to pluripotency by a non-nucleic acid approach, thus circumventing the risk of insertional mutagenesis. The generation of RGCs from the induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, also accomplished non-cell autonomously, recapitulated the developmental mechanism, ensuring the predictability and stability of the acquired phenotype, comparable to that of native RGCs at biochemical, molecular, and functional levels. More importantly, the induced RGCs expressed axonal guidance molecules and demonstrated the potential to establish contacts with specific targets. Furthermore, when transplanted in the rat model of ocular hypertension, these cells incorporated into the host RGC layer and expressed RGC-specific markers. Transplantation of these cells in immune-deficient mice did not produce tumors. Together, our results posit retinal progenitors generated from non-nucleic acid-derived iPS cells as a safe and robust source of RGCs for replacing dead RGCs in glaucoma. Stem Cells 2013;33:1743–1758
Multipotent Caudal Neural Progenitors Derived from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells That Give Rise to Lineages of the Central and Peripheral Nervous System
Authors: Denham Mark , Hasegawa Kouichi , Menheniott Trevelyan , Rollo Ben , Zhang Dongcheng , Hough Shelley , Alshawaf Abdullah , Febbraro Fabia , Ighaniyan Samiramis , Leung Jessie , Elliott David A. , Newgreen Donald F. , Pera Martin F. , Dottori Mirella 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The caudal neural plate is a distinct region of the embryo that gives rise to major progenitor lineages of the developing central and peripheral nervous system, including neural crest and floor plate cells. We show that dual inhibition of the glycogen synthase kinase 3β and activin/nodal pathways by small molecules differentiate human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) directly into a preneuroepithelial progenitor population we named “caudal neural progenitors” (CNPs). CNPs coexpress caudal neural plate and mesoderm markers, and, share high similarities to embryonic caudal neural plate cells in their lineage differentiation potential. Exposure of CNPs to BMP2/4, sonic hedgehog, or FGF2 signaling efficiently directs their fate to neural crest/roof plate cells, floor plate cells, and caudally specified neuroepithelial cells, respectively. Neural crest derived from CNPs differentiated to neural crest derivatives and demonstrated extensive migratory properties in vivo. Importantly, we also determined the key extrinsic factors specifying CNPs from human embryonic stem cell include FGF8, canonical WNT, and IGF1. Our studies are the first to identify a multipotent neural progenitor derived from hPSCs, that is the precursor for major neural lineages of the embryonic caudal neural tube. Stem Cells 2015;33:1759–1770
How Can Book Reading Close the Word Gap? Five Key Practices From Research
Authors: Snell Emily K. , Hindman Annemarie H. , Wasik Barbara A. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractVocabulary development is critical for children's ability to learn to read and their success at school. Vocabulary has also been identified as a key factor in the achievement gap, with children from low‐income families knowing significantly fewer words when they enter school. Although book reading has long been celebrated as an effective way for teachers to introduce children to vocabulary words, teachers have received little specific guidance about exactly which strategies are most effective for teaching children words. In this paper, we review the literature on book reading‐focused vocabulary interventions for preschool‐ and kindergarten‐aged children. Findings suggest that teachers should focus on five strategies that boost word learning through book reading, including defining words, discussing and asking questions about the words, rereading books, retelling books, and designing classroom activities that allow children to hear and use new vocabulary throughout the day.
Three Cadmium(II) Coordination Polymers based on Mixed 1,2‐Naphthalenedicarboxylate and Bis(pyridyl) Co‐ligands: Structural Diversities and Photoluminescent Properties
Authors: Chen Min , Zhao Hui , Wang Zhuo‐Wei , Liu Chun‐Sen 
Published: March 2015

Abstract Hydrothermal reactions of Cd(OAc)2·2H2O with 1,2‐naphthalic anhydride in the absence/presence of different rigid/flexible bis(pyridyl) co‐ligands, produce three distinct coordination polymers, namely [Cd(ndc)]n (1), {[Cd5(ndc)4(bpp)2(OH)2](H2O)4}n (2), and [Cd5(ndc)4(bpy)2(OH)2]n (3) [ndc = 1,2‐naphthalenedicarboxylate, bpp = 1,3‐bis(4‐pyridyl)propane, and bpy = 4,4′‐bipyridine]. Complex 1 contains dinuclear [Cd2O2] clusters as secondary building units (SBUs) and shows a two‐dimensional (2D) kgd network. Complexes 2 and 3 possess one‐dimensional (1D) chains based on pentanuclear [Cd5(μ3‐OH)2(COO)2] units as SBUs, which are further extended to afford 2D sql sheet via flexible bpp in 2 and three‐dimensional (3D) pcu network via rigid bpy in 3, respectively. The structural diversities indicate that the bis(pyridyl) co‐ligands with different flexibility play a key role on the formation of the final supramolecular structures. The complexes were characterized by X‐ray crystallographic, IR, elemental, thermal stability, and powder X‐ray diffraction analyses. In addition, the photoluminescent properties in solid state were also investigated.