bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A study comparing public and medical librarians’ perceptions of the role and duties of health information‐providing librarians
Authors: Noh Younghee 
Published: September 2015

AbstractObjectiveThis study proposed to define the role and duties of librarians who provide health information service in public and medical libraries. Appropriate education, career experience and starting salary for this position are also presented.MethodThis study analysed previous research and job advertisements to understand the current needs for this position. Almost all job advertisements studied were eventually retrieved from Salary.com (US job posting site). Public libraries seeking to fill health informationist positions were even more difficult to find in any of the above locations. Therefore, the researcher attempted to find cases using various search engines, including Google, and noticed that public libraries usually post job advertisements on their website. Finally, 32 job postings were selected as suitable. Fifty‐four public and medical librarians were surveyed to validate the results in Korea.ResultsPublic librarians chose ‘health information librarian' as the most appropriate title for this position, while medical librarians answered ‘medical librarian'. Therefore, librarians providing health information service in public libraries should be called ‘health information librarians’, while the position in medical libraries should be called ‘medical librarian'. Accordingly, job postings and academic articles will be easily accessible. Both groups marked that the position should require a bachelor's degree in both LIS and a health science field, 2 years library experience and health‐related user training. Other requirements included knowledge of health resources and medical terminology, search capabilities and a focus on user‐centric service. For required duties, public librarians chose accessing information resources, while medical librarians selected collection management.ConclusionHealth information librarians will play a vital role in the future and must therefore be educated accordingly.
Reunion Patterns in the Still‐Face Paradigm as Predicted by Maternal Sensitivity and Dyadic Coordination
Authors: Coppola Gabrielle , Aureli Tiziana , Grazia Annalisa , Ponzetti Silvia 
Published: September 2015

Previous studies have suggested that the reunion episode of the still‐face procedure has the potential to reveal the regulatory resources of the mother–infant dyad that appear to be predictive of future adaptation. Nevertheless, differences across dyads with respect to these resources have received little attention, as also have the factors that are responsible for such differences. This study addresses this gap in the literature by testing whether the dyad reunion patterns can be predicted by the mothers' sensitivity assessed 3 months earlier, and by the contingent degree of the matched states in the play episode. Three dyadic patterns were identified through cluster analysis, which were characterized by playful, neutrally matched, and disrupted interactions. Multinomial logistic regression shows that the mothers' sensitivity predicts membership to the playful group, and the matched states in the play episode predict membership to the neutrally matched and disrupted groups. These findings show that the vulnerability to disrupt an ongoing interaction after a temporary perturbation is seen for only some dyads; moreover, they support the view of early regulatory development as a multidetermined achievement. Overall, these findings have important theoretical implications related to the identification of early regulatory difficulties as precursors of later developmental outcomes.
Retracted: differential expression of microRNAs in myometrium and leiomyomas and regulation by ovarian steroids
Authors: Pan Qun , Luo Xiaoping , Chegini Nasser 
Published: September 2015

The above article, published online on 20 December 2007 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the journal Editor in Chief, Professor L Popescu and John Wiley and Sons Ltd. The retraction has been requested by the University of Florida, Office of Research, in response to their investigation which concluded fabrication of data in Figures 2, 3 and 4.ReferencePan Q, Luo X, Chegini N. Retracted: differential expression of microRNAs in myometrium and leiomyomas and regulation by ovarian steroids. J Cell Mol Med 12: 227–240. Doi: 10.1111/j.1582‐4934.2007.00207.x
The effect of frequency‐dependent selection on resistance and tolerance to herbivory
Authors: Garrido E. , Llamas‐Guzmán L. P. , Fornoni J. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractNegative frequency‐dependent selection (FDS), where rare genotypes are favoured by selection, is commonly invoked as a mechanism explaining the maintenance of genetic variation in plant defences. However, empirical tests of FDS in plant–herbivore interactions are lacking. We evaluated whether the oviposition preference of the specialist herbivore Lema daturaphila is a mechanism through which this herbivore can exert FDS on its host plant Datura stramonium. The frequency of contrasting resistance–tolerance strategies was manipulated within experimental plots, and the plants were exposed to a similar initial density of their natural herbivore. Herbivore oviposition preference and final density, as well as plant damage and seed production, were estimated. Overall, we found that the high‐resistant–low‐tolerant genotypes produced four times more seeds when common than when rare, whereas the high‐tolerant–low‐resistant genotypes achieved twice its fitness when rare than when common. This pattern was the result of differential oviposition preferences. In addition, when the high‐resistant–low‐tolerant genotypes were common, there was a three‐fold decreased in herbivore final density which led to a decrease in damage level by 10%. Thus, in our experiment positive FDS seems to favour resistance over tolerance. We discuss how this result would change if the extent of herbivore local adaptation and damage modify the pattern of positive FDS acting on resistance and the optimal allocation to tolerance.
Pathogenesis of spring viremia of carp virus in emerald shiner Notropis atherinoides Rafinesque, fathead minnow Pimephales promelas Rafinesque and white sucker Catostomus commersonii (Lacepede)
Authors: Misk E , Garver K , Nagy E , Isaac S , Tubbs L , Huber P , Al‐Hussinee L , Lumsden J S 
Published: September 2015

AbstractSpring viremia of carp (SVC) is a reportable disease to the World Organization of Animal Health (OIE) as it is known to cause significant international economic impact. In Canada, the first and only isolation of SVC virus (SVCV) was in 2006, from common carp Cyprinus carpio L., at Hamilton Harbour, Lake Ontario. The susceptibility of fathead minnow Pimephales promelas Rafinesque, emerald shiner Notropis atherinoides Rafinesque and white sucker Catostomus commersonii (Lacepede) to intraperitoneal injection of the Canadian isolate (HHOcarp06) was evaluated using experimental infection, virus isolation, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR), histopathology and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Emerald shiner and fathead minnow were most susceptible with 43 and 53% cumulative mortality, respectively, compared with koi at 33%. Quantitative RT‐PCR demonstrated that koi had high viral loads throughout the experiment. At 34 days post‐infection, SVCV was detected from sampled emerald shiner and white sucker in very low titre and was not detected from fathead minnow. Koi, fathead minnow and emerald shiner had gross lesions typical of SVC disease. The histopathological picture was mostly dominated by necrotic changes in kidney, spleen, liver, pancreas and intestine. IHC further confirmed SVCV infection, and staining was largely correlated with histological lesions.
On the Complexity of Life Cycle Inventory Networks: Role of Life Cycle Processes with Network Analysis
Authors: Navarrete‐Gutiérrez Tomás , Rugani Benedetto , Pigné Yoann , Marvuglia Antonino , Benetto Enrico 
Published: September 2015

SummaryDetermining the relevance and importance of a technosphere process or a cluster of processes in relation to the rest of the industrial network can provide insights into the sustainability of supply chains: those that need to be optimized or controlled/safeguarded. Network analysis (NA) can offer a broad framework of indicators to tackle this problem. In this article, we present a detailed analysis of a life cycle inventory (LCI) model from an NA perspective. Specifically, the network is represented as a directed graph and the “emergy” numeraire is used as the weight associated with the arcs of the network. The case study of a technological system for drinking water production is presented. We investigate the topological and structural characteristics of the network representation of this system and compare properties of its weighted and unweighted network, as well as the importance of nodes (i.e., life cycle unit processes). By identifying a number of advantages and limitations linked to the modeling complexity of such emergy‐LCI networks, we classify the LCI technosphere network of our case study as a complex network belonging to the scale‐free network family. The salient feature of this network family is represented by the presence of “hubs”: nodes that connect with many other nodes. Hub failures may imply relevant changes, decreases, or even breaks in the connectedness with other smaller hubs and nodes of the network. Hence, by identifying node centralities, we can rank and interpret the relevance of each node for its special role in the life cycle network.
What Drives Austrian Raw Material Consumption?: A Structural Decomposition Analysis for the Years 1995 to 2007
Authors: Wenzlik Manuel , Eisenmenger Nina , Schaffartzik Anke 
Published: September 2015

SummaryThe growth in Austria's raw material consumption (RMC) or material footprint is driven by changes in consumption and production. In using the tool of structural decomposition analysis and applying it to Austrian RMC between 1995 and 2007, three specific drivers (technology, composition, and volume of final demand) are identified and quantified. The overall growth of Austrian RMC across the period of time under investigation shows that neither improved production or consumption efficiency nor reduction of consumption alone can lead to absolute material savings. The “rebound effect” has been used to describe how efficiency gains can be offset by growth in overall consumption, putting “degrowth” on the agenda of sustainability sciences and political movements. Absolute decoupling, that is, simultaneous growth in gross domestic product (GDP) and reduction of RMC, can only be achieved if reductions in final demand volume as a driver of material use are not offset by increases as a result of the changing final demand mix and/or technology effect (and vice versa). The Austrian case study provides very little evidence for such developments having occurred simultaneously during the period of time under investigation. In order for economic degrowth to contribute to lower material use and thus greater environmental protection, it must occur not only quantitatively, but also qualitatively in production and consumption structures.
Walking speed as an aging biomarker in baboons (Papio hamadryas)
Authors: Huber Hillary F. , Gerow Kenneth G. , Nathanielsz Peter W. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackgroundWalking speed is an important human aging biomarker. Baboons are valuable translational models for aging studies. Establishing whether walking speed is a good aging biomarker has value. We hypothesized there would be characteristic age‐related decline in baboon walking speed.MethodsWe studied 33 female baboons aged 5–21 years. Walking speed was calculated by the time to walk between landmarks separated by known distances. A regression model was developed to describe the relationship between speed, age, and body weight.ResultsSpeed negatively associated with age, a relationship enhanced by increased weight (P < 0.0005). For 16‐kg animals, speed declined approximately 0.6 cm/s yearly. For each additional kilogram of weight, speed declined an additional 0.3 cm/s yearly.ConclusionsBaboon walking speed declines with age, an effect modulated by weight. Ease of measurement and strong age association make walking speed a valuable biomarker for aging research with this important experimental species.
Identifying patterns of obesity risk behavior to improve pediatric primary care
Authors: Schmiege Sarah J. , Gance‐Cleveland Bonnie , Gilbert Lynn , Aldrich Heather , Gilbert Kevin C. , Barton Amy 
Published: September 2015

AbstractPurposeTo develop profiles of obesity risk behaviors for children and adolescents.Design and MethodsRisk assessments were obtained from patients (n = 971) at a school‐based health center. Latent class analysis was used to create subgroups based on seven indicators measuring diet, activity, and screen time.ResultsFour classes emerged, with 44% classified as the “Healthiest,” 8% as the “Least Healthy,” 37% as “Mixed Diet/Low Activity/Low Screen Time,” and 11% as “Mixed Diet/High Activity/High Screen Time.” Several demographic predictors distinguished the classes.Practice ImplicationsObesity risk factor profiles may help providers identify strengths and risks, tailor counseling, and plan interventions with families.
Chronic disease and lifestyle factors associated with change in sleep duration among older adults in the Singapore Chinese Health Study
Authors: Smagula Stephen F. , Koh Woon‐Puay , Wang Renwei , Yuan Jian‐Min 
Published: September 2015

SummaryIdentifying risk factors for future change in sleep duration can clarify whether, and if so how, sleep and morbidity are bidirectionally related. To date, only limited longitudinal evidence exists characterizing changes to sleep duration among older adults. This study aimed to identify factors associated with change in sleep duration in a large sample of older adults (≥ 60 years) residing in Singapore (n = 10 335). These adults were monitored as part of the Singapore Chinese Health Study, which collected information regarding daily sleep duration at baseline (assessed in 1993–1998) and at a follow‐up wave conducted over a mean of 12.7 years later (assessed in 2006–2010). Among adults sleeping 6–8 h at baseline (n = 8265), most participants (55.6%) remained 6–8 h sleepers at follow‐up, while 8.4% became short (< 6 h) and 36.0% became long (> 8 h) sleepers. A history of stroke, diabetes, cancer, hip fracture and greater age all independently increased the odds of having long sleep duration at follow‐up, while greater educational attainment and weekly physical activity were both associated with reduced odds of becoming a long sleeper. Other than greater baseline age, the only factor related to higher odds of becoming a short sleeper was concurrent stomach/duodenal ulcer at follow‐up. Long sleep duration among older adults may therefore reflect longstanding disease processes, whereas the aetiology of short sleep may predominately involve factors other than those examined. Future research is needed to distinguish if/when long sleep duration serves the disease recovery process, and when long sleep duration complicates disease and requires sleep medicine interventions.
Pharmacokinetics of amoxicillin trihydrate in male Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) following intramuscular administration
Authors: Sinphithakkul P. , Klangkaew N. , Sanyathitiseree P. , Giorgi M. , Kumagai S. , Poapolathep A. , Poapolathep S. 
Published: September 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetic characteristics of amoxicillin (AMX) trihydrate in male Asian elephants, Elephas maximus, following intramuscular administration at two dosages of 5.5 and 11 mg/kg body weight (b.w.). Blood samples were collected from 0.5 up to 72 h. The concentration of AMX in elephant plasma was measured using liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. AMX was measurable up to 24 h after administration at two dosages. Peak plasma concentration (Cmax) was 1.20 ± 0.39 μg/mL after i.m. administration at a dosage of 5.5 mg/kg b.w., whereas it was 3.40 ± 0.63 μg/mL at a dosage of 11 mg/kg b.w. A noncompartment model was developed to describe the disposition of AMX in Asian elephants. Based on the preliminary findings found in this research, the dosage of 5.5 and 11 mg/kg b.w. produced drug plasma concentrations higher than 0.25 mg/mL for 24 h after i.m. administration. Thereafter, i.m. administration with AMX at a dosage of 5.5 mg/kg b.w. appeared a more suitable dose than 11 mg/kg b.w. However, more studies are needed to determine AMX clinical effectiveness in elephants.
The impact of selection, gene flow and demographic history on heterogeneous genomic divergence: three‐spine sticklebacks in divergent environments
Authors: Ferchaud Anne‐Laure , Hansen Michael M. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractHeterogeneous genomic divergence between populations may reflect selection, but should also be seen in conjunction with gene flow and drift, particularly population bottlenecks. Marine and freshwater three‐spine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) populations often exhibit different lateral armour plate morphs. Moreover, strikingly parallel genomic footprints across different marine–freshwater population pairs are interpreted as parallel evolution and gene reuse. Nevertheless, in some geographic regions like the North Sea and Baltic Sea, different patterns are observed. Freshwater populations in coastal regions are often dominated by marine morphs, suggesting that gene flow overwhelms selection, and genomic parallelism may also be less pronounced. We used RAD sequencing for analysing 28 888 SNPs in two marine and seven freshwater populations in Denmark, Europe. Freshwater populations represented a variety of environments: river populations accessible to gene flow from marine sticklebacks and large and small isolated lakes with and without fish predators. Sticklebacks in an accessible river environment showed minimal morphological and genomewide divergence from marine populations, supporting the hypothesis of gene flow overriding selection. Allele frequency spectra suggested bottlenecks in all freshwater populations, and particularly two small lake populations. However, genomic footprints ascribed to selection could nevertheless be identified. No genomic regions were consistent freshwater–marine outliers, and parallelism was much lower than in other comparable studies. Two genomic regions previously described to be under divergent selection in freshwater and marine populations were outliers between different freshwater populations. We ascribe these patterns to stronger environmental heterogeneity among freshwater populations in our study as compared to most other studies, although the demographic history involving bottlenecks should also be considered in the interpretation of results.
FlhG employs diverse intrinsic domains and influences FlhF GTPase activity to numerically regulate polar flagellar biogenesis in Campylobacter jejuni
Authors: Gulbronson Connor J. , Ribardo Deborah A. , Balaban Murat , Knauer Carina , Bange Gert , Hendrixson David R. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryFlagellation in polar flagellates is one of the rare biosynthetic processes known to be numerically regulated in bacteria. Polar flagellates must spatially and numerically regulate flagellar biogenesis to create flagellation patterns for each species that are ideal for motility. FlhG ATPases numerically regulate polar flagellar biogenesis, yet FlhG orthologs are diverse in motif composition. We discovered that Campylobacter jejuni FlhG is at the center of a multipartite mechanism that likely influences a flagellar biosynthetic step to control flagellar number for amphitrichous flagellation, rather than suppressing activators of flagellar gene transcription as in Vibrio and Pseudomonas species. Unlike other FlhG orthologs, the FlhG ATPase domain was not required to regulate flagellar number in C. jejuni. Instead, two regions of C. jejuni FlhG that are absent or significantly altered in FlhG orthologs are involved in numerical regulation of flagellar biogenesis. Additionally, we found that C. jejuni FlhG influences FlhF GTPase activity, which may mechanistically contribute to flagellar number regulation. Our work suggests that FlhG ATPases divergently evolved in each polarly flagellated species to employ different intrinsic domains and extrinsic effectors to ultimately mediate a common output – precise numerical control of polar flagellar biogenesis required to create species‐specific flagellation patterns optimal for motility.
Development of a methodology to assess the nutrient profile of popular UK meals
Authors: Benelam B. , Stanner S. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn order to characterise the nutrient profile of popular meals and to identify ways to improve this, a methodology was developed to assess the profile of meals by developing meal‐based nutritional criteria for macronutrients, fibre, salt and selected food groups and comparing this with recipe analysis of both homemade and partly pre‐made dishes (those using products such as cook‐in sauces and frozen meal components). Meals were compared with the criteria per portion and with front‐of‐pack labelling guidelines per 100 g. The results indicate that many popular UK meals, both homemade and partly pre‐made, would benefit from changes to improve their nutritional profile. Generally, the dishes made with partly pre‐made ingredients met criteria for total energy, total sugars and salt but often exceeded criteria for saturates and did not provide enough fibre or fruits and vegetables. Conversely, the comparable homemade dishes tended to meet the criteria for fibre and fruit and vegetables but were also more likely to exceed the criteria for saturates. A simple visual model, called the Nutrition Compass, for representing key results for each dish was developed. Relatively simple changes to dishes, such as adding extra vegetables and pulses, using wholegrains or potatoes with skins, using less salt or high salt ingredients and swapping higher fat dairy and meat ingredients for lower fat versions, could make significant improvements to the nutrient profile of many popular dishes. Such changes should be communicated to consumers, both by health professionals and by the food industry, in particular via recipes provided on pack or in other media for pre‐prepared meal components.