bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NF‐κB1, NF‐κB2 and c‐Rel differentially regulate susceptibility to colitis‐associated adenoma development in C57BL/6 mice
Authors: Burkitt Michael D , Hanedi Abdalla F , Duckworth Carrie A , Williams Jonathan M , Tang Joseph M , O'Reilly Lorraine A , Putoczki Tracy L , Gerondakis Steve , Dimaline Rod , Caamano Jorge H , Pritchard D Mark 
Published: February 2015

AbstractNF‐κB signalling is an important factor in the development of inflammation‐associated cancers. Mouse models of Helicobacter‐induced gastric cancer and colitis‐associated colorectal cancer have demonstrated that classical NF‐κB signalling is an important regulator of these processes. In the stomach, it has also been demonstrated that signalling involving specific NF‐κB proteins, including NF‐κB1/p50, NF‐κB2/p52, and c‐Rel, differentially regulate the development of gastric pre‐neoplasia. To investigate the effect of NF‐κB subunit loss on colitis‐associated carcinogenesis, we administered azoxymethane followed by pulsed dextran sodium sulphate to C57BL/6, Nfkb1−/−, Nfkb2−/−, and c‐Rel−/−mice. Animals lacking the c‐Rel subunit were more susceptible to colitis‐associated cancer than wild‐type mice, developing 3.5 times more colonic polyps per animal than wild‐type mice. Nfkb2−/− mice were resistant to colitis‐associated cancer, developing fewer polyps per colon than wild‐type mice (median 1 compared to 4). To investigate the mechanisms underlying these trends, azoxymethane and dextran sodium sulphate were administered separately to mice of each genotype. Nfkb2−/− mice developed fewer clinical signs of colitis and exhibited less severe colitis and an attenuated cytokine response compared with all other groups following DSS administration. Azoxymethane administration did not fully suppress colonic epithelial mitosis in c‐Rel−/− mice and less colonic epithelial apoptosis was also observed in this genotype compared to wild‐type counterparts. These observations demonstrate different functions of specific NF‐κB subunits in this model of colitis‐associated carcinogenesis. NF‐κB2/p52 is necessary for the development of colitis, whilst c‐Rel‐mediated signalling regulates colonic epithelial cell turnover following DNA damage. © 2015 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Non‐invasive prenatal diagnosis of achondroplasia and thanatophoric dysplasia: next‐generation sequencing allows for a safer, more accurate, and comprehensive approach
Authors: Chitty Lyn S. , Mason Sarah , Barrett Angela N. , McKay Fiona , Lench Nicholas , Daley Rebecca , Jenkins Lucy A. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractObjectiveAccurate prenatal diagnosis of genetic conditions can be challenging and usually requires invasive testing. Here, we demonstrate the potential of next‐generation sequencing (NGS) for the analysis of cell‐free DNA in maternal blood to transform prenatal diagnosis of monogenic disorders.MethodsAnalysis of cell‐free DNA using a PCR and restriction enzyme digest (PCR–RED) was compared with a novel NGS assay in pregnancies at risk of achondroplasia and thanatophoric dysplasia.ResultsPCR–RED was performed in 72 cases and was correct in 88.6%, inconclusive in 7% with one false negative. NGS was performed in 47 cases and was accurate in 96.2% with no inconclusives. Both approaches were used in 27 cases, with NGS giving the correct result in the two cases inconclusive with PCR–RED.ConclusionNGS provides an accurate, flexible approach to non‐invasive prenatal diagnosis of de novo and paternally inherited mutations. It is more sensitive than PCR–RED and is ideal when screening a gene with multiple potential pathogenic mutations. These findings highlight the value of NGS in the development of non‐invasive prenatal diagnosis for other monogenic disorders. © 2015 The Authors. Prenatal Diagnosis published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Basic substances: an opportunity for approval of low‐concern substances underEUpesticide regulation
Authors: Marchand Patrice A 
Published: February 2015

AbstractPlant extracts and byproducts furnish various alternative products for crop protection and are traditionally used by farmers. However, the cost and timeframe for their registration as active substances are prohibitive for small companies and farmers' associations with the new Plant Protection Products (PPP) Regulation (EC) No. 1107/2009. However, there is now a possibility of registering light compounds as ‘basic substances’, a new category described in Article 23 and in ‘Whereas/Recital 18’. We developed a regulatory expertise on the approval of such products within the framework of thePPPregulation. A Draft Assessment Report in one volume was established, later transformed byECDirectorate into a Basic Substance Application Template, and subsequently used by theECas a matrix for the corresponding Guidelines for applicants (SANCO10363/2012 rev. 9). Here we provide further tools, consisting of methodological, linguistic and strategic recommendations in order to constitute a Basic Substance Application (BSA) and proceed to its registration. While the use of alternative agents for crop protection is increasing both in organic and conventional agriculture, these usages are still considered as ‘minor uses’. Our approach and tools are valuable to non‐PPPspecialised applicants for simplifying and facilitating their submission of theBSA. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Air embolism: a complication of computed tomography‐guided transthoracic needle biopsy
Authors: Pando Sandoval Ana , Ariza Prota Miguel Angel , García Clemente Marta , Prieto Amador , Fole Vázquez David , Casán Pere 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAir embolism is a pathological condition caused by the entry of gas into vascular structures. It is a rare but feared complication due to its serious morbidity. We report two male patients who were diagnosed with air embolism as a complication of computed tomography‐guided transthoracic needle biopsy. Both patients referred respiratory symptoms minutes after the procedure. The chest computed tomography of one of the patients showed air in the left ventricle and ascending aorta, and in the other, air was noted only in the left ventricle. Both patients suffered myocardial infarction without associated mortality. One patient showed anthracotic dust deposits in the lung biopsy suggestive of pneumoconiosis, and there was no definitive diagnosis in the other. We strongly believe that because of the very low incidence but high mortality of this entity, all physicians should be aware of this complication in order to know how to proceed in this situation.
Assessment of Cesarean hysterotomy scar in non‐pregnant women: reliability of transvaginal sonography with and without contrast enhancement
Authors: Baranov A. , Gunnarsson G. , Salvesen K. Å. , Isberg P.‐E. , Vikhareva O. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo determine intra‐ and interobserver reliability of evaluating the appearance and measurement of Cesarean hysterotomy scars using transvaginal ultrasound (TVS), with and without saline contrast sonohysterography (SCSH), in non‐pregnant women.MethodsFifty‐six women with one previous Cesarean delivery were examined by TVS, with and without contrast enhancement, 6–9 months after the Cesarean delivery. Two observers, blinded to their own and each other's measurements, evaluated the appearance of the hysterotomy scar and measured the myometrial thickness adjacent to the scar or scar defect (MTS). If a scar defect was noted, the remaining myometrial thickness over the defect (RMT) was measured. A scar defect was defined as large if RMT was ≤ 2.2 mm on conventional TVS and ≤ 2.5 mm when SCSH was performed. Intra‐ and interobserver reliability of conventional TVS and SCSH were assessed.ResultsIntraobserver reliability was good, with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) of ≥ 0.97 for measurements of MTS and RMT on conventional TVS and SCSH. Interobserver ICCs for measurements obtained on SCSH were 0.85 (95% CI, 0.76–0.91) for MTS and 0.96 (95% CI, 0.93–0.98) for RMT, compared with 0.82 (95% CI, 0.72–0.89) for MTS and 0.87 (95% CI, 0.68–0.95) for RMT measured on conventional TVS. The kappa coefficient for measurements obtained on SCSH was 0.92, compared with 0.85 for conventional TVS. Intermethod ICC was 0.86 (95% CI, 0.78–0.92) for measurement of MTS and 0.89 (95% CI, 0.78–0.95) for measurement of RMT, with a kappa coefficient of 0.57.ConclusionsMeasurement of RMT using SCSH is a reliable method for assessing Cesarean hysterotomy scars in non‐pregnant women and can be used in clinical practice. Copyright © 2015 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
ALRT‐based energy detection using uniform noise distribution
Authors: Wang Kezhi , Chen Yunfei , Chen Jiming 
Published: February 2015

AbstractEnergy detection is widely used in cognitive radio due to its low complexity. One fundamental challenge is that its performance degrades in the presence of noise uncertainty, which inevitably occurs in practical implementations. In this work, three novel detectors based on uniformly distributed noise uncertainty as the worst‐case scenario are proposed. Numerical results show that the new detectors outperform the conventional energy detector with considerable performance gains. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differential gene expression in Staphylococcus aureus exposed to Orange II and Sudan III azo dyes
Authors: Pan Hongmiao , Xu Joshua , Kweon Oh-Gew , Zou Wen , Feng Jinhui , He Gui-Xin , Cerniglia Carl E , Chen Huizhong 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
We previously demonstrated the effects of azo dyes and their reduction metabolites on bacterial cell growth and cell viability. In this report, the effects of Orange II and Sudan III on gene expression profiling in Staphylococcus aureus ATCC BAA 1556 were analyzed using microarray and quantitative RT-PCR technology. Upon exposure to 6 μg/ml Orange II for 18 h, 21 genes were found to be differently expressed. Among them, 8 and 13 genes were up- and down-regulated, respectively. Most proteins encoded by these differentially expressed genes involve stress response caused by drug metabolism, oxidation, and alkaline shock indicating that S. aureus could adapt to Orange II exposure through a balance between up and down regulated gene expression. Whereas, after exposure to 6 μg/ml Sudan III for 18 h, 57 genes were differentially expressed. In which, 51 genes were up-regulated and 6 were down-regulated. Most proteins encoded by these differentially expressed genes involve in cell wall/membrane biogenesis and biosynthesis, nutrient uptake, transport and metabolite, and stress response, suggesting that Sudan III damages the bacterial cell wall or/and membrane due to binding of the dye. Further analysis indicated that all differentially expressed genes encoded membrane proteins were up-regulated and most of them serve as transporters. The result suggested that these genes might contribute to survival, persistence and growth in the presence of Sudan III. Only one gene msrA, which plays an important role in oxidative stress resistance, was found to be down-regulated after exposure to both Orange II and Sudan III. The present results suggested that both these two azo dyes can cause stress in S. aureus and the response of the bacterium to the stress is mainly related to characteristics of the azo dyes.
European Psychiatric Association (EPA) guidance on quality assurance in mental healthcare
Authors: Gaebel W. , Großimlinghaus I. , Heun R. , Janssen B. , Johnson B. , Kurimay T. , Montellano P. , Muijen M. , Munk-Jorgensen P. , Rössler W. , Ruggeri M. , Thornicroft G. , Zielasek J. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractPurpose:To advance the quality of mental healthcare in Europe by developing guidance on implementing quality assurance.Methods:We performed a systematic literature search on quality assurance in mental healthcare and the 522 retrieved documents were evaluated by two independent reviewers (B.J. and J.Z.). Based on these evaluations, evidence tables were generated. As it was found that these did not cover all areas of mental healthcare, supplementary hand searches were performed for selected additional areas. Based on these findings, fifteen graded recommendations were developed and consented by the authors. Review by the EPA Guidance Committee and EPA Board led to two additional recommendations (on immigrant mental healthcare and parity of mental and physical healthcare funding).Results:Although quality assurance (measures to keep a certain degree of quality), quality control and monitoring (applying quality indicators to the current degree of quality), and quality management (coordinated measures and activities with regard to quality) are conceptually distinct, in practice they are frequently used as if identical and hardly separable. There is a dearth of controlled trials addressing ways to optimize quality assurance in mental healthcare. Altogether, seventeen recommendations were developed addressing a range of aspects of quality assurance in mental healthcare, which appear usable across Europe. These were divided into recommendations about structures, processes and outcomes. Each recommendation was assigned to a hierarchical level of analysis (macro-, meso- and micro-level).Discussion:There was a lack of evidence retrievable by a systematic literature search about quality assurance of mental healthcare. Therefore, only after further topics and search had been added it was possible to develop recommendations with mostly medium evidence levels.Conclusion:Evidence-based graded recommendations for quality assurance in mental healthcare were developed which should next be implemented and evaluated for feasibility and validity in some European countries. Due to the small evidence base identified corresponding to the practical obscurity of the concept and methods, a European research initiative is called for by the stakeholders represented in this Guidance to improve the educational, methodological and empirical basis for a future broad implementation of measures for quality assurance in European mental healthcare.
Marijuana: A Time-Honored but Untested Treatment for Epilepsy
Authors: McLachlan Richard S. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe biology of the endocannabinoid system in the brain provides a possible basis for a beneficial pharmacological effect of marijuana on seizures. However, evidence for efficacy of cannabis treatment of epilepsy is anecdotal because no acceptable randomized controlled trials have been done. Proper dosage and means of administration remain unknown. Cannabis is safer than other controlled substances, including tobacco or alcohol, and appears to be relatively safe compared with most pharmaceuticals used to treat epilepsy. This is a review of this topic from a Canadian perspective.
The association between economic inactivity and mental health among young people: a longitudinal study of young adults who are not in employment, education or training
Authors: Power E. , Clarke M. , Kelleher I. , Coughlan H. , Lynch F. , Connor D. , Fitzpatrick C. , Harley M. , Cannon M. 
Published: February 2015

ObjectivesIncreasing rates of young people not in education, employment or training (NEETs) are a cause of concern both in Ireland and internationally, but little longitudinal research has examined the link between psychiatric disorder in young people and NEET status.MethodsThe Challenging Times (CT) Study is a longitudinal, population-based study of psychopathology among 212 young Irish people. Clinical interviews were performed at two time points: 12–15 years and 19–24 years.ResultsNEET status in young adulthood was associated with a sevenfold increased risk of current suicidal ideation. This result was independent of prior adolescent mental disorder. NEET young people had a fourfold increased odds of being diagnosed with a mental disorder in childhood or early adolescence compared with their economically active peers. NEET young people were at an almost threefold increased risk of any mental health disorder a twofold increased risk of anxiety disorder and threefold increased odds of suicide attempts over their lifetime compared with economically active peers.ConclusionsNEET young people are at increased risk for mental disorder and suicidal ideation. The association is bidirectional, as prior mental disorder in adolescence appeared to account for much of the association between NEET status and current mental health problems. However, economic inactivity conveys an increased risk for suicidal ideation over and above that due to prior disorder. Our findings provide a compelling economic and societal argument for early intervention and treatment of mental disorder and the importance of vocational interventions for reducing suicide risk in young adults.
Glycaemic index and glycaemic load of selected popular foods consumed in Southeast Asia
Authors: Sun Lijuan , Lee Davina Elizabeth Mei , Tan Wei Jie Kevin , Ranawana Dinesh Viren , Quek Yu Chin Rina , Goh Hui Jen , Henry Christiani Jeyakumar 
Published: February 2015

The objective of the present study was to determine the glycaemic index (GI) and glycaemic load (GL) values of standard portion sizes of Southeast Asian traditional foods. A total of fifteen popular Southeast Asian foods were evaluated. Of these foods, three were soft drinks, while the other twelve were solid foods commonly consumed in this region. In total, forty-seven healthy participants (eighteen males and twenty-nine females) volunteered to consume either glucose at least twice or one of the fifteen test foods after a 10–12 h overnight fast. Blood glucose concentrations were analysed before consumption of the test food, and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min after food consumption, using capillary blood samples. The GI value of each test food was calculated by expressing the incremental area under the blood glucose response curve (IAUC) value of the test food as a percentage of each participant's average IAUC value, with glucose as the reference food. Among the fifteen foods tested, six belonged to low-GI foods (Ice Green Tea, Beehoon, Pandan Waffle, Curry Puff, Youtiao and Kaya Butter Toast), three belonged to medium-GI foods (Barley Drink, Char Siew Pau and Nasi Lemak), and the other six belonged to high-GI foods (Ice Lemon Tea, Chinese Carrot Cake, Chinese Yam Cake, Chee Cheong Fun, Lo Mai Gai and Pink Rice Cake). The GI and GL values of these traditional foods provide valuable information to consumers, researchers and dietitians on the optimal food choice for glycaemic control. Moreover, our dataset provides GI values of fifteen foods that were not previously tested extensively, and it presents values of foods commonly consumed in Southeast Asia.
Exposure to ‘healthy’ fast food meal bundles in television advertisements promotes liking for fast food but not healthier choices in children
Authors: Boyland Emma J. , Kavanagh-Safran Melissa , Halford Jason C. G. 
Published: February 2015

Due to regulatory changes, fast food companies often depict healthy foods in their television advertisements to children. The present study examined how exposure to advertising for ‘healthy’ meal bundles to children influenced the selection of food in children. A total of fifty-nine children (thirty-seven males) aged 7–10 years (8·8 (sd0·9) years) took part in the present study. The within-participant, counterbalanced design had two conditions: control (exposure to ten toy adverts across two breaks of five adverts each) and experimental (the middle advert in each break replaced with one for a McDonald's Happy Meal®depicting the meal bundle as consisting of fish fingers, a fruit bag and a bottle of mineral water). Following viewing of the adverts embedded in a cartoon, children completed a hypothetical menu task that reported liking for McDonald's food and fast food, in general. Nutritional knowledge, height and weight of the children were measured. There was no significant difference between the two advert conditions for the nutritional content of the meal bundles selected. However, children's liking for fast food, in general, increased after exposure to the food adverts relative to control (P= 0·004). Compared to children with high nutritional knowledge, those with low scores selected meals of greater energy content (305 kJ) after viewing the food adverts (P= 0·016). Exposure to adverts for ‘healthy’ meal bundles did not drive healthier choices in children, but did promote liking for fast food. These findings contribute to debates about food advertising to children and the effectiveness of related policies.
Interactions between substrate temperature and humidity in signalling cyclical dormancy in seeds of two perennial tropical species
Authors: Duarte Daniela M. , Garcia Queila S. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe involvement of environmental factors in dormancy cycling is well known in temperate annual species, but it is not known how interaction between soil temperatures and humidity can modulate dormancy in perennial tropical species. In this study the effects were evaluated of substrate temperature and humidity on the modulation of the acquisition and overcoming of secondary dormancy in the buried seeds of two endemic Eriocaulaceae species from the rocky fields (campos rupestres) vegetation in south-eastern Brazil. Fresh seeds ofComanthera bisulcataandSyngonanthus verticillatuswere buried and subsequently maintained at temperatures of 15, 20, 25 and 30°C, under three substrate humidity levels (boggy, humid and humid/dry). The seeds were exhumed every 3 months and tested for germination (20°C, 12 h photoperiod) and viability (tetrazolium test). The seeds of both species acquired dormancy after burial in all of the treatments. During the experimental period they demonstrated cycles of acquisition and overcoming of dormancy that were most evident in the treatments involving alterations of the substrate humidity (humid/dry regime) that coincided with the environmental conditions found naturally in the region of origin of the species. The seeds gradually lost dormancy during the dry period and re-acquired it when exposed again to humidity; dormancy would once again be overcome during the subsequent dry period. Burial promoted the acquisition of dormancy inC. bisulcataandS. verticillatusseeds; the lowest temperature tested favoured overcoming dormancy; and varying the humidity regime signalled the acquisition and the overcoming of secondary dormancy.
Precision Assembly of Complex Cellular Microenvironments using Holographic Optical Tweezers
Authors: Kirkham Glen R. , Britchford Emily , Upton Thomas , Ware James , Gibson Graham M. , Devaud Yannick , Ehrbar Martin , Padgett Miles , Allen Stephanie , Buttery Lee D. , Shakesheff Kevin 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe accurate study of cellular microenvironments is limited by the lack of technologies that can manipulate cells in 3D at a sufficiently small length scale. The ability to build and manipulate multicellular microscopic structures will facilitate a more detailed understanding of cellular function in fields such as developmental and stem cell biology. We present a holographic optical tweezers based technology to accurately generate bespoke cellular micro-architectures. Using embryonic stem cells, 3D structures of varying geometries were created and stabilized using hydrogels and cell-cell adhesion methods. Control of chemical microenvironments was achieved by the temporal release of specific factors from polymer microparticles positioned within these constructs. Complex co-culture micro-environmental analogues were also generated to reproduce structures found within adult stem cell niches. The application of holographic optical tweezers-based micromanipulation will enable novel insights into biological microenvironments by allowing researchers to form complex architectures with sub-micron precision of cells, matrices and molecules.