bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Depressive symptoms and externalizing behaviors among Hispanic immigrant adolescents: Examining longitudinal effects of cultural stress
Authors: Cano Miguel Ángel , Schwartz Seth J. , Castillo Linda G. , Romero Andrea J. , Huang Shi , Lorenzo‐Blanco Elma I. , Unger Jennifer B. , Zamboanga Byron L. , Des Rosiers Sabrina E. , Baezconde‐Garbanati Lourdes , Lizzi Karina M. , Soto Daniel W. , Oshri Assaf , Villamar Juan Andres , Pattarroyo Monica , Szapocznik José 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThis study examined longitudinal effects of cultural stress (a latent factor comprised of bicultural stress, ethnic discrimination, and negative context of reception) on depressive symptoms and a range of externalizing behaviors among recently (≤5 years in the U.S. at baseline) immigrated Hispanic adolescents. A sample of 302 adolescents (53% boys; mean age 14.51 years) completed baseline measures of perceived ethnic discrimination, bicultural stress, and perceived negative context of reception; and outcome measures of depressive symptoms, cigarette smoking, alcohol use, aggressive behavior, and rule‐breaking behavior six months post‐baseline. A path analysis indicated that higher cultural stress scores predicted higher levels of all outcomes. These effects were consistent across genders, but varied by study site. Specifically, higher cultural stress scores increased depressive symptoms among participants in Miami, but not in Los Angeles. Findings suggest that cultural stress is a clinically relevant predictor of depressive symptoms and externalizing behaviors among Hispanic immigrant adolescents.
Fertility after ectopic pregnancy in a district hospital in Cameroon
Authors: Kenfack Bruno , Nguefack‐Tsague Georges , Ateudjeu Jerôme , Che Gilbert A. , Mboudou Emile T. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo assess spontaneous conception after an ectopic pregnancy (EP) in a rural area of a low‐resource country.MethodsThe present prospective cohort study enrolled patients aged 15–45 years who were treated for EP at Sangmelima District Hospital, Cameroon, between January 2006 and December 2008. All patients who wished to become pregnant in the future were included and followed up from treatment for EP either until termination of a subsequent pregnancy or for 3 years if they did not become pregnant, whichever came first. Patients who were followed up for less than 18 months without a pregnancy were excluded from analysis.ResultsThe final analysis included 56 women, of whom 23 (41%) became pregnant (21 [38%] had intrauterine pregnancies, 2 [4%] EPs). The mean interval between treatment for EP and first conception was 11.82 ± 7.46 months. In multivariate analysis, absence of contralateral adnexal pathology was significantly associated with higher fertility (hazard ratio 9.00, 95% confidence interval 1.48–54.67; P = 0.017).ConclusionFertility after EP in a rural area of Cameroon was found to be low, but recurrence of EP was rare.
Increasing the efficiency and yield of a tuberculosis contact investigation through electronic data systems matching
Authors: Sanderson Jennifer M , Proops Douglas C , Trieu Lisa , Santos Eloisa , Polsky Bruce , Ahuja Shama Desai 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackground Electronic health data may improve the timeliness and accuracy of resource-intense contact investigations (CIs) in healthcare settings.Methods In September 2013, we initiated a CI around a healthcare worker (HCW) with infectious tuberculosis (TB) who worked in a maternity ward. Two sources of electronic health data were employed: hospital-based electronic medical records (EMRs), to identify patients exposed to the HCW, and an electronic immunization registry, to obtain contact information for exposed infants and their providers at two points during follow-up.Results Among 954 patients cared for in the maternity ward during the HCW’s infectious period, the review of EMRs identified 285 patients (30%) who interacted with the HCW and were, thus, exposed to TB. Matching infants to the immunization registry offered new provider information for 52% and 30% of the infants in the first and second matches. Providers reported evaluation results for the majority of patients (66%).Conclusion Data matching improved the efficiency and yield of this CI, thereby demonstrating the usefulness of enhancing CIs with electronic health data.
Supporting health insurance expansion: do electronic health records have valid insurance verification and enrollment data?
Authors: Heintzman John , Marino Miguel , Hoopes Megan , Bailey Steffani R , Gold Rachel , O’Malley Jean , Angier Heather , Nelson Christine , Cottrell Erika , Devoe Jennifer 
Published: April 2015

AbstractObjective To validate electronic health record (EHR) insurance information for low-income pediatric patients at Oregon community health centers (CHCs), compared to reimbursement data and Medicaid coverage data.Materials and Methods Subjects Children visiting any of 96 CHCs (N = 69 189) from 2011 to 2012. Analysis The authors measured correspondence (whether or not the visit was covered by Medicaid) between EHR coverage data and (i) reimbursement data and (ii) coverage data from Medicaid.Results Compared to reimbursement data and Medicaid coverage data, EHR coverage data had high agreement (87% and 95%, respectively), sensitivity (0.97 and 0.96), positive predictive value (0.88 and 0.98), but lower kappa statistics (0.32 and 0.49), specificity (0.27 and 0.60), and negative predictive value (0.66 and 0.45). These varied among clinics.Discussion/Conclusions EHR coverage data for children had a high overall correspondence with Medicaid data and reimbursement data, suggesting that in some systems EHR data could be utilized to promote insurance stability in their patients. Future work should attempt to replicate these analyses in other settings.
Procedural Timeout Compliance Is Improved With Real-Time Clinical Decision Support
Authors: Shear Torin , Deshur Mark , Avram Michael J. , Greenberg Steven B. , Murphy Glenn S. , Ujiki Michael , Szokol Joseph W. , Vender Jeffery S. , Patel Aashka , Wijas Bryan 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
The goal of this study was to assess compliance with a presurgical safety checklist before and after the institution of a surgical flight board displaying a surgical safety checklist with embedded real-time clinical decision support (CDS). We hypothesized that the institution of a surgical flight board with embedded real-time data support would improve compliance with the presurgical safety checklist.

Methods
In this prospective, observational trial, surgeon-led procedural timeout compliance for 300 procedures was studied. In phase I (PI), procedural timeouts were performed using a simple paper checklist. In phase II (PII), an electronic surgical flight board with an embedded safety checklist was installed in each operating room, but the timeout procedure consisted of the same paper process as in PI. In phase III (PIII), the flight board safety checklist was used. Ten procedures each from 10 surgeons were evaluated in each phase. Compliance was scored on a 12-point scale with each point representing a different item on the checklist.

Results
Timeout compliance in PI ranged from 4.5 to 8.6 and 8.75 to 12 in PIII. All 10 surgeons demonstrated statistically improved compliance from PI to PIII. Compliance was significantly improved in 8 of 12 safety check items. Decreased compliance was not seen with any checklist item. Of the items with CDS, compliance with procedure consent and special safety precautions improved from PI to PIII, as did compliance with display of essential imaging, critical events or concerns, and number of procedures (i.e., >1 surgeon performing procedures).

Conclusions
Using the electronic medical record with real-time CDS improves compliance with presurgical safety checklists.
Low levels of transposable element activity inDrosophila mauritiana: causes and consequences
Authors: Kofler Robert , Schlötterer Christian 
Published: April 2015

AbstractTransposable elements (TEs) are major drivers of genomic and phenotypic evolution, yet many questions about their biology remain poorly understood. Here, we compare TE abundance between populations of the two sister speciesD. mauritianaundD. simulansand relate it to the more distantly relatedD. melanogaster. The low population frequency of most TE insertions inD. melanogasterandD. simulanshas been a key feature of several models of TE evolution. InD. mauritiana, however, the majority of TE insertions are fixed (66%). We attribute this to a lower transposition activity of up to 47 TE families inD. mauritiana, rather than stronger purifying selection. Only three families, including the extensively studiedMariner,may have a higher activity inD. mauritiana. This remarkable difference in TE activity between two recently divergedDrosophilaspecies (≈ 250,000 years), also supports the hypothesis that TE copy numbers inDrosophilamay not reflect a stable equilibrium where the rate of TE gains equals the rate of TE losses by negative selection. We propose that the transposition rate heterogeneity results from the contrasting ecology of the two species: the extent of vertical extinction of TE families and horizontal acquisition of active TE copies may be very different between the colonizingD. simulansand the island endemicD. mauritiana. Our findings provide novel insights in the evolution of TEs inDrosophilaand suggest that the ecology of the host species could be a major, yet underappreciated, factor governing the evolutionary dynamics of TEs.
A Secreted Effector Protein ofUstilago maydisGuides Maize Leaf Cells to Form Tumors
Authors: Redkar Amey , Hoser Rafal , Schilling Lena , Zechmann Bernd , Krzymowska Magdalena , Walbot Virginia , Doehlemann Gunther 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe biotrophic smut fungus Ustilago maydis infects all aerial organs of maize (Zea mays) and induces tumors in the plant tissues. U. maydis deploys many effector proteins to manipulate its host. Previously, deletion analysis demonstrated that several effectors have important functions in inducing tumor expansion specifically in maize leaves. Here, we present the functional characterization of the effector See1 (Seedling efficient effector1). See1 is required for the reactivation of plant DNA synthesis, which is crucial for tumor progression in leaf cells. By contrast, See1 does not affect tumor formation in immature tassel floral tissues, where maize cell proliferation occurs independent of fungal infection. See1 interacts with a maize homolog of SGT1 (Suppressor of G2 allele of skp1), a factor acting in cell cycle progression in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and an important component of plant and human innate immunity. See1 interferes with the MAPK-triggered phosphorylation of maize SGT1 at a monocot-specific phosphorylation site. We propose that See1 interferes with SGT1 activity, resulting in both modulation of immune responses and reactivation of DNA synthesis in leaf cells. This identifies See1 as a fungal effector that directly and specifically contributes to the formation of leaf tumors in maize.
Land abandonment and intensification diminish spatial and temporal β‐diversity of grassland plants and herbivorous insects within paddy terraces
Authors: Uchida Kei , Ushimaru Atushi 
Published: April 2015

Summary

Although traditional land‐use and management practices are known to enhance environmental heterogeneity in agricultural lands, loss of heterogeneity resulting from recent land‐use changes can lead to spatiotemporal β‐diversity losses (biotic homogenization). However, patterns and causes of β‐diversity loss, especially at a within‐field scale, have remained unexplored.

We examined β‐diversity declines in plants, butterflies and orthopterans resulting from land abandonment and intensification in semi‐natural grasslands on paddy margins at a within‐field scale in relation to changes in disturbance frequency and surrounding landscapes by surveying eight abandoned, thirteen traditional and ten intensive paddy terraces. Three indices, the additive partitioning of species richness (βadd) and the turnover (βtu) and nestedness (βne) components of Jaccard dissimilarity of plants and herbivores, were used to evaluate different aspects of β‐diversity. We hypothesized that biotic homogenization due to abandonment and intensification would be expressed as low spatiotemporal βadd and βtu, low spatial βne and high temporal βne.

The spatial and temporal βadd of plants and herbivores were higher in traditional terraces than in others. Changes in mowing frequency caused direct declines in butterfly βadd and indirectly decreased herbivore βadd through diminished plant βadd in abandoned and intensified terraces.

Neighbouring forests increased plant spatial and butterfly temporal βadd and βtu. Abandoned terraces had higher orthopteran spatial and plant temporal βtu than traditional terraces. Mowing frequency generally did not influence spatial and temporal βtu of plants and herbivores. In intensive terraces, temporal βne of plants were higher than in traditional terraces, suggesting dominance by plant species sharing similar phenologies.

Synthesis and applications. These results suggest that traditional mowing practices are essential for maintaining plant and herbivore βadd, and consequently, species pools within terraces. The higher spatial or temporal species turnover of plants and orthopterans in abandoned terraces and higher temporal plant nestedness in intensive than in traditional terraces were not due to increases in species pools within terraces. Because within‐terrace environmental heterogeneity is thought to remain in abandoned and intensive terraces, we recommend reduction in mowing frequency in intensive terraces and reintroduction of mowing in abandoned terraces for biodiversity restoration.
Scale‐dependent responses of longleaf pine vegetation to fire frequency and environmental context across two decades
Authors: Palmquist Kyle A. , Peet Robert K. , Mitchell Stephen R. 
Published: April 2015

Summary

Disturbance is an important driver of plant community structure in many grasslands and woodlands, and alteration of disturbance regimes can have large consequences for species richness and composition. However, the response of vegetation to disturbance may change with environmental context. We resampled a unique, nested permanent vegetation plot data set in the longleaf pine ecosystem of the southeastern USA after 20 years to determine how environmental context and fire frequency jointly influence vegetation change across multiple spatial scales (0.01–1000 m2).

The magnitude of vegetation change was quantified using two different, yet complementary metrics of beta‐diversity (beta turnover measured as the proportion of species turning over and Bray–Curtis dissimilarity) and by documenting changes in species richness. We used null model analysis to explore whether communities were more dynamic over time at small spatial scales relative to larger scales.

Changes in species richness, beta turnover and Bray–Curtis dissimilarity were greatest on silty, frequently burned sites, whereas sandy, less frequently burned sites remained relatively stable. The amount of change detected was scale dependent: species richness increased at larger spatial scales over time, but decreased at the two smallest spatial scales. Null model analysis revealed that beta turnover standardized effect sizes (SES) were negative and significantly different from random expectation at all spatial scales except the smallest. Thus, the magnitude of compositional change across most scales was small, despite substantial changes in species richness across time. We attribute this initial contradiction to the turnover of infrequent, low‐abundance species amidst a matrix of dominant grasses.

Synthesis. In contrast to previous longleaf pine studies, we found fire frequency to be less important than environmental site conditions in predicting vegetation change. Thus, future work in this ecosystem and in other fire‐dependent grasslands and woodlands should consider not only disturbance, but also environmental context. Since species richness and beta‐diversity patterns were scale dependent, we recommend sampling vegetation across multiple spatial scales in order to comprehensively quantify changes in community structure over time. We believe this study lays the groundwork for understanding how fire and environmental filtering jointly influence vegetation dynamics across space and time in fire‐dependent grasslands and woodlands.
Scotland's Future Political System
Authors: Cairney Paul 
Published: April 2015

AbstractDebates on Scottish constitutional reform go hand in hand with discussions of political reform. Its reformers use the image of ‘old Westminster’ to describe ‘control freakery’ within government and an adversarial political system. Many thought that the Scottish political system could diverge from the UK, to strengthen the parliamentary system, introduce consensus politics and further Scotland's alleged social and democratic tradition. Yet the experience of devolution suggests that Holyrood and Westminster politics share key features. Both systems are driven by government, making policy in ‘communities’ involving interest groups and governing bodies, with parliaments performing a limited role and public participation limited largely to elections. The Scottish government's style of policy‐making is distinctive, but new reforms are in their infancy and their effects have not been examined in depth. In this context, the article identifies Scotland's ability to make and implement policy in a new way, based on its current trajectory rather than the hopes of reformers.
Eptifibatide in Post‐infarction Angina Patients who refused Intervention: Ajmer Postmyocardial Infarction Angina Eptifibatide Research (AJMER) Study: A Pilot Study
Authors: Gokhroo Rajendra , Kishor Kamal , Ranwa Bhanwar , Bisht Devendra Singh , Gupta Sajal , Anantharaj Avinash 
Published: April 2015

SummaryBackgroundEarly intervention is certainly a preferred strategy over conservative management in patients with post‐infarction angina (PIA). But at times, it may not be feasible to intervene, especially if patient refuses for intervention. In a pilot study, we analyzed whether the addition of eptifibatide to intensified antianginal therapy would be of added benefit, in patients with PIA not willing to undergo intervention.MethodsA total of 461 patients with PIA who refused intervention were randomized in a 1:1 manner to receive either eptifibatide along with intensification of antianginal therapy (group A; n = 229) or intensified antianginal therapy alone (group B; n = 232). The primary endpoints were composite of all‐cause death and nonfatal myocardial infarction at 30 days.ResultsPrimary composite endpoint did not differ between the two groups (16.2% vs. 18.9% in group A and group B, odds ratio [OR], 0.82; 95% CI, 0.5–1.30; P‐value = 0.43). Significant earlier relief of angina (complete relief of angina within 12 h: 76% of patients in group A vs. 40.5% in group B; P‐value <0.0001) was achieved in group A compared to group B. Although on Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) scale, type 1 and 2 bleeding was higher in group A (OR, 3.18; 95% CI, 1.76–5.74; P‐value = 0.0001), the more serious (composite of type 3 and 5) bleeds did not show any difference (OR, 1.73; 95% CI, 0.7–4.08; P‐value = 0.21).ConclusionIn patients with PIA who refused intervention, eptifibatide infusion resulted in earlier relief of angina albeit at the cost of increased non–life‐threatening bleeding. Further, this effect was achieved in significantly higher number of patients receiving eptifibatide infusion when compared to patients not receiving it. Primary composite endpoints, however, did not differ in two groups, but being a pilot study, this needs to be confirmed by larger study of adequate sample size.
No silver bullets in correlative ecological niche modelling: insights from testing among many potential algorithms for niche estimation
Authors: Qiao Huijie , Soberón Jorge , Peterson Andrew Townsend 
Published: April 2015

SummaryThe field of ecological niche modelling or species distribution modelling has seen enormous activity and attention in recent years, in the light of exciting biological inferences that can be drawn from correlational models of species' environmental requirements (i.e. ecological niches) and inferences of potential geographic distributions. Among the many methods used in the field, one or two are in practice assumed to be ‘best’ and are used commonly, often without explicit testing.We explore herein implications of the ‘no free lunch’ theorem, which suggests that no single optimization approach will prove to be best under all circumstances: we developed diverse virtual species with known niche and dispersal properties to test a suite of niche modelling algorithms designed to estimate potential areas of distribution.The result was that (i) indeed, no single ‘best’ algorithm was found and (ii) different algorithms performing very different manners depending on the particularities of the virtual species.The conclusion is that niche or distribution modelling studies should begin by testing a suite of algorithms for predictive ability under the particular circumstances of the study and choose an algorithm for a particular challenge based on the results of those tests. Studies that do not take this step may use algorithms that are not optimal for that particular challenge.
Light therapy and serotonin transporter binding in the anterior cingulate and prefrontal cortex
Authors: Harrison S. J. , Tyrer A. E. , Levitan R. D. , Xu X. , Houle S. , Wilson A. A. , Nobrega J. N. , Rusjan P. M. , Meyer J. H. 
Published: April 2015

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of light therapy on serotonin transporter binding (5‐HTT BPND), an index of 5‐HTT levels, in the anterior cingulate and prefrontal cortices (ACC and PFC) of healthy individuals during the fall and winter. Twenty‐five per cent of healthy individuals experience seasonal mood changes that affect functioning. 5‐HTT BPND has been found to be higher across multiple brain regions in the fall and winter relative to spring and summer, and elevated 5‐HTT BPND may lead to extracellular serotonin loss and low mood. We hypothesized that, during the fall and winter, light therapy would reduce 5‐HTT BPND in the ACC and PFC, which sample brain regions involved in mood regulation.MethodIn a single‐blind, placebo‐controlled, counterbalanced, crossover design, [11C]DASB positron emission tomography was used measure 5‐HTT BPND following light therapy and placebo conditions during fall and winter.ResultsIn winter, light therapy significantly decreased 5‐HTT BPND by 12% in the ACC relative to placebo (F1,9 = 18.04, P = 0.002). In the fall, no significant change in 5‐HTT BPND was found in any region across conditions.ConclusionThese results identify, for the first time, a central biomarker associated with the intervention of light therapy in humans which may be applied to further develop this treatment for prevention of seasonal depression.