bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Community Colleges in Strengthening Access to Employment for Individuals With Disabilities
Authors: White Julie A. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractCommunity colleges have a mission to provide access to postsecondary education. As such, they enroll nearly half of all U.S. undergraduates, with 12% of enrollees indicating that they are students with disabilities (American Association of Community Colleges, 2015). This article describes Onondaga Pathways to Careers (OPC), a pilot project which will research, develop, test, and evaluate innovative systems models for providing inclusive integrated education and career development services to youth and young adults with disabilities, including those with significant disabilities. OPC will implement a model program to improve transition planning for youth and young adults with disabilities through secondary education, into and through supportive community college pathways, and ultimately into skilled employment for which they have trained and which will offer living wages, benefits, and opportunities for advancement. OPC fully embraces what the Americans With Disabilities Act declared in 1990: that “the Nation's proper goals regarding individuals with disabilities are to assure equality of opportunity, full participation, independent living, and economic self-sufficiency….” This article will provide an overview of OPC while also discussing the importance of interagency collaborations to improve outcomes for youth and young adults with disabilities.
Unjustified Isolation Is Discrimination: The Olmstead Case Against Overbroad and Undue Organizational and Public Guardianship
Authors: Hatch Margaret “Jenny” , Crane Samantha Alexandra , Martinis Jonathan G. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Over the past 3 decades, research has found that overbroad and undue guardianship—guardianship imposed on people who can use less restrictive alternatives to guardianship in order to make their own decisions, with or without support—can lead to negative life outcomes and deny basic rights and opportunities. This article presents the case of Margaret “Jenny” Hatch, a woman with Down syndrome who, even though she had successfully lived and worked in the community and wished to continue to do so, was placed under plenary, organizational guardianship and forced to live in a segregated group home and work in a sheltered workshop. After recounting Ms. Hatch's case, this article reviews the harm that can result from overbroad and undue guardianship and argues that Ms. Hatch's guardianship violated her rights under Title II of the Americans With Disabilities Act. Finally, the article makes recommendations for future “Olmstead” advocacy focused on ensuring access to integrated, community-based living and employment for people with disabilities under organizational or public guardianship.
Understanding the influence of traction on the Eigen behaviour of torsional vibrations in individual-wheel drives
Authors: Yeap Khang Zhun , Müller Steffen 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
This article presents a model-based analysis of the influence of traction on the Eigen behaviour of torsional vibrations in individual-wheel drives (IWDs) of a high-performance road vehicle. As a significant motivation, measurement samples from test drives are presented and representative vibration behaviours are highlighted. For the analysis, linearised models representing the interaction of an IWD with traction are utilised. The significance of the analysis results is demonstrated through comparisons with the measurement samples and corresponding interpretations.
PI control synthesis for event-triggered control systems
Authors: Reimann Sven , Wu Wei , Liu Steven 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Event-triggered control aims at reducing the resource utilization, especially the communication over the feedback link, while
guaranteeing a certain control performance. Although setpoint tracking problems are common in practice, the majority of the proposed
approaches in literature focus on regulation problems. Therefore, an event-triggered PI control design strategy with guaranteed
performance is proposed in this paper, where both the event-triggering condition and the PI controller are implemented
periodically. Based on a quadratic cost function, the PI control design problem is introduced and formulated as an LMI optimization
problem. Comparisons with other approaches in the literature are made by simulation and by experimental studies to demonstrate the
effectiveness of the proposed strategy.
Creation of an iBook aimed at medical students – a student’s perspective
Authors: Melton William 
Published: June 2015

Abstract

Background: At Manchester Medical School, students enter the clinical environment having received only limited teaching of cardiovascular examination. This is delivered during a 1-h lecture and 1 h of clinical teaching. I thought this was an insufficient amount of teaching and decided to try and rectify this issue. Six months into year 1 of clinical teaching, the students complete a 4-week Personal Excellence Pathway project, which is designed to help students explore areas of interest to them. To rectify the perceived lack of teaching, I created an interactive iBook that demonstrates in a detailed way how to examine a patient’s cardiovascular system.

Methods: The iBook was created using iBooks Author, a free Apple product. It is interactive and easy to use. I built it using free editing software such as iMovie and iPhoto. Full explanations and demonstrations of the examination itself and of the signs elicited were created using video, audio, clinical images, and links to a glossary. This core content was acquired by spending time in clinics, filming a consultant performing the examination, and acquiring images of clinical features on the wards.

Results: Overall, given the breadth and depth of the subject covered, the iBook took less time to create than I had expected. Recording the video contents took far less time than expected. Obtaining the clinical images for the relevant signs took longer than expected.

Conclusions: Many students now use iPads and Apple laptops as an integral part of their work. The creation of such an interactive iBook that is interesting and widely accessible by the students can be very beneficial to the medical student population. In this 4-week project, I showed that it is possible for a student to create an innovative learning tool in a short amount of time that can enrich the education of fellow students at medical school.
E-learning innovations for the education of general practitioners at the Bavarian Virtual University (BVU) – a model for other countries
Authors: Vogel Barbara , Kormann Christina , Mehring Michael , Schneider Antonius , Offenbächer Martin , Kohls Niko , Schelling Jörg 
Published: June 2015

Abstract

Background: The Bavarian Virtual University (BVU) offers resources to develop and implement e-learning courses and allows open access to information and provides the capacity to share information. Students of Bavarian universities can participate easily in these courses. Thus, the barriers to enter a university are now much lower. E-learning will be supported by the use of the learning and authoring software CASUS®. It optimises the creation of virtual patients and guarantees a common standard and a high quality throughout the whole e-learning course.

Methods: This paper describes the application process of proposals at BVU and the development process of online courses with CASUS® using the example of “General Practice”. The conceptual structure of the program and its specific rationale is presented herein. In addition, the number of participating students is analysed when the online course is integrated in the curriculum or when it is not.

Results: The e-learning course General Practice includes a total of 48 scenarios. They focus on the heuristics in General Practice of prevention and primary care. If the online courses are integrated in the curriculum, the number of students participating in e-learning courses increases. The integration of virtual patients (VPs) into practical training may improve the perceived benefit. Probably, there is no need for examinations to prove students’ knowledge if they can apply contents in the practical training. To answer this question, an evaluation of students’ and teachers’ perspective is needed. In addition, it is challenging to define one level of education for students of different universities. Hence, new methods are needed to develop and evaluate generally accepted standards that fit all participating universities and their students.

Conclusions: The application of proposals at BVU and creating VPs with the learning and authoring system CASUS® can be highly recommended to other universities, as well as the establishment of organisations like BVU in other countries.
Evaluation of three educational use cases for using Virtual Patients in Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs): a Delphi study
Authors: Stathakarou Natalia , Zary Nabil , Kononowicz Andrzej A. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract

Background: Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) extended with Virtual Patients (VPs) may foster specific medical skills. In particular, three educational use cases have been proposed to enable interactivity and foster clinical reasoning skills training: collective evaluation of decision making in the context of uncertainty, collective repurposing of cases with division of discussion into subgroups, and computational models in short cases for flexible selection and adaptive learning with VPs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the educational strengths and weaknesses of the proposed use cases.

Methods: We went through a two-round modified Delphi process. A panel of experts was formed and asked with open-ended questions to identify the strengths and weaknesses of each use case. The obtained responses were categorized thematically; four specific aspects of the use cases were isolated. In the second phase, the panel was asked to read the collected, categorized responses and prioritize the use cases focusing on each of the four identified aspects.

Results: Six experts participated in the process. According to their opinion, decision making in uncertain context was the most feasible in implementation and in fostering clinical reasoning skills training; cultural repurposing was judged to leverage the MOOC potential the most; and computational models in short cases were considered the most interesting use case for the learners.

Conclusions: The use cases were validated and prioritized; the Delphi approach brought insights into the use cases’ potential benefits, threats, and challenges.
Degradation of magnetic nanoparticles mimicking lysosomal conditions followed by AC susceptibility
Authors: Gutiérrez Lucía , Romero Sonia , da Silva Gustavo B. , Costo Rocío , Vargas Maria D. , Ronconi Célia M. , Serna Carlos J. , Veintemillas-Verdaguer Sabino , del Puerto Morales María 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA deeper knowledge on the effects of the degradation of magnetic nanoparticles on their magnetic properties is required to develop tools for the identification and quantification of magnetic nanoparticles in biological media by magnetic means.Citric acid and phosphonoacetic acid-coated magnetic nanoparticles have been degraded in a medium that mimics lysosomal conditions. Magnetic measurements and transmission electron microscopy have been used to follow up the degradation process.Particle size is reduced significantly in 24 h at pH 4.5 and body temperature. These transformations affect the magnetic properties of the compounds. A reduction of the interparticle interactions is observed just 4 h after the beginning of the degradation process. A strong paramagnetic contribution coming from the degradation products appears with time.A model for the
Role of JAK2 V617F mutation and aberrant expression of microRNA-143 in myeloproliferative neoplasms
Authors: Benati Marco , Montagnana Martina , Danese Elisa , De Matteis Giovanna , Veneri Dino , Paviati Elisa , Guidi Gian Cesare 
Published: June 2015

AbstractMyeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are clonal myeloid disorders characterized by the overproduction of mature blood cells. The pathogenetic hallmark of MPNs is the dysregulation of JAK-STAT signaling, usually associated with theIn total 78 patients with a clinical diagnosis of polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET) and idiopathic myelofibrosis (IM), made according to the WHO 2008 criteria, were included in the study. Twenty healthy subjects were checked as controls. Quantification ofThe miR-143 expression in MPNs patients was 2.97-fold higher than in controls.Our findings of aberrant miR-143 expression support the concept that factors other than
Adenosine deaminase, dipeptidyl peptidase-IV activities and lipid peroxidation are increased in the saliva of obese young adult
Authors: Chielle Eduardo Ottobelli , Bonfanti Gabriela , De Bona Karine Santos , Moresco Rafael Noal , Moretto Maria Beatriz 
Published: June 2015

AbstractObesity is the hallmark of the metabolic syndrome representing a major global health problem. It is considered a state of chronic inflammation with minimal exploration of salivary biomarkers. Thus, the intent of the present study was to assess the activities of salivary dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV), adenosine deaminase (ADA) and lipid peroxidation in obese young and overweight young subjects.ADA, DPP-IV activities and lipid peroxidation were investigated in saliva, as well as insulin, glucose, HbASalivary ADA and DPP-IV activities as well as lipid peroxidation were higher in patients with obesity compared to the normal weight group. Correlations between ADA/DPP-IV activities, lipid peroxidation/ADA activity, ADA activity/hip circumference and BMI/weight were observed.Our results indicate that the increase in the salivary ADA and DPP-IV activities as well as in the lipid peroxidation could be related of the regulation to various aspects of adipose tissue function and inflammatory obesity. It is suggested that these salivary biomarkers may be used as biochemical test in clinical abnormalities present in obesity, in the absence of oral inflammatory diseases.
Preservation of urine free catecholamines and their free O-methylated metabolites with citric acid as an alternative to hydrochloric acid for LC-MS/MS-based analyses
Authors: Peitzsch Mirko , Pelzel Daniela , Lattke Peter , Siegert Gabriele , Eisenhofer Graeme 
Published: June 2015

AbstractMeasurements of urinary fractionated metadrenalines provide a useful screening test to diagnose phaeochromocytoma. Stability of these compounds and their parent catecholamines during and after urine collection is crucial to ensure accuracy of the measurements. Stabilisation with hydrochloric acid (HCl) can promote deconjugation of sulphate-conjugated metadrenalines, indicating a need for alternative preservatives.Urine samples with an intrinsically acidic or alkaline pH (5.5–6.9 or 7.1–8.7, respectively) were used to assess stability of free catecholamines and their free O-methylated metabolites over 7 days of room temperature storage. Stabilisation with HCl was compared with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid/metabisulphite and monobasic citric acid. Catecholamines and metabolites were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).Free catecholamines and their O-methylated metabolites were stable in acidic urine samples over 7 days of room temperature storage, independent of the presence or absence of any stabilisation method. In contrast, free catecholamines, but not the free O-methylated metabolites, showed rapid degradation within 24 h and continuing degradation over 7 days in urine samples with an alkaline pH. Adjustment of alkaline urine samples to a pH of 3–5 with HCl or 4.8–5.4 with citric acid completely blocked degradation of catecholamines. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid/metabisulphite, although reducing the extent of degradation of catecholamines in alkaline urine, was largely ineffectual as a stabiliser.Citric acid is equally effective as HCl for stabilisation of urinary free catecholamines and minimises hazards associated with use of strong inorganic acids while avoiding deconjugation of sulphate-conjugated metabolites during simultaneous LC-MS/MS measurements of free catecholamines and their free O-methylated metabolites.
Spray dried calcium gelled arabinoxylan microspheres: A novel carrier for extended drug delivery
Authors: Lee Cheah Jue , Nah Chew Sin , Teng Chin Siew , Jun Wee Wen , Saravanan Muniyandy 
Published: June 2015

AbstractArabinoxylan (AX) microspheres were formulated by ionotropic gelation for extended drug delivery. AX from Plantago ovata was tested for gelation with aluminium, barium, calcium, magnesium, and iron(III) chloride. Only calcium was found to lead to weak gelation with AX. The conventional needle extrusion produced fragile AX beads with calcium and hence the spray drying process was adopted for the preparation of metronidazole hydrochloride (MH) loaded AX microspheres. MH loading in AX microspheres was 30.8 mass %, 31.9 mass %, and 29.3 mass % in formulations gelled with 0.05 g, 0.1 g, and 0.15 g of calcium chloride per 100 mL of solution, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the crystallinity reduction of MH in microspheres. The surface of drug loaded calcium gelled AX microsphere was rougher than that of an ungelled one. Interactions of calcium with AX and the amorphous nature of the drug in the microspheres were evidenced by infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction studies. Calcium-induced gelation can extend the drug release to over 90 min in 0.1 M HCl despite the hydrophilic nature of AX and the high solubility of metronidazole.
Violent audiovisual content and social consequences: The moderating role of aggression in adolescents
Authors: Brändle Gaspar , M. Cardaba Miguel Angel , Rivera Reynaldo G. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractNumerous studies have linked the consumption of violent audiovisual content to the increase of aggressive cognitions and behaviors. This research aims to clarify whether the possible harmful consequences of violent videogames might vary depending on an individual variable such as trait aggressiveness. A correlational study was carried out among 6,130 teenagers (average age of 13.8 years) from two European countries, in which it became evident, by means of multiple regression analyses, that there was a positive correlation between the use of violent videogames and aggressive behavioral intentions. More relevantly, these correlations were greater amongst those subjects with higher scores on the Aggression Scale. Finally, when analyzing the subjective experiences of users of violent videogames, the more aggressive individuals manifested a greater desire to imitate the characters of the interactive content, admitting that they ended up more agitated even when their initial objective was to relieve tension or relax. Practical and theoretical implications (e.g., Catharsis theory) of those results are discussed.
Young people and television fiction. Reception analysis
Authors: Lacalle Charo 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis article presents the findings of an audience research conducted with 86 young Spanish people aged 15 to 29 years. The investigation examines the modes of reception of television fiction, and the impact of the shows on the viewers. Friends’ influence on the choice of program, and the tendency to use social networks to comment on the shows and to talk about themselves, underline the crucial role played by TV fiction and new technologies in socialization processes. While most participants criticized the propensity of television fiction to build extreme stereotypes, they also showed a clear predilection for Spanish programs, and admitted that their characters often offer inspiration to face everyday problems.
Pharmacogenetics of drug-metabolizing enzymes in Italian populations
Authors: Serpe Loredana , Canaparo Roberto , Scordo Maria Gabriella , Spina Edoardo 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Drug-metabolizing enzymes play a major role in the biotransformation and subsequent elimination of most drugs and xenobiotics from the body. Both phase I and phase II enzymes are highly polymorphic. Inter-individual differences in genes coding for drug-metabolizing enzymes are important for understanding variability in drug response and for individualization of drug prescription. The prevalence of genetic polymorphisms in drug metabolism varies widely with ethnicity, and marked differences in the distribution of allelic variants of genes encoding drug-metabolizing enzymes have been documented in populations of different racial origin. This review aimed to summarize the available studies on genetic polymorphisms associated with drug metabolism conducted in Italian populations and to compare the frequency of the various metabolizer phenotypes and most common variant alleles (and resulting genotypes) with corresponding values from other populations. Notably, published data are not extensive, and most studies were performed on relatively low numbers of individuals. In general, the frequency of polymorphisms in the cytochrome P450 (CYP) genes as well as in the investigated phase II enzymes in the Italian population was similar to values reported for other Caucasian populations. However, the prevalence of CYP2D6 gene duplication among Italians was found to be very high, confirming the higher frequency of CYP2D6 ultrarapid metabolizers in the Mediterranean area compared to Northern Europe. It is worth noting that a geographic gradient in the flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 polymorphism distribution was also seen, the Italian population showing higher similarity to other Mediterranean populations than to North Europeans.
Constraint Effects on Torque-Actuated Bistable Energy Harvesters
Authors: Porter Daniel A. , Berfield Thomas A. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The effect of boundary conditions on a bistable device that buckles into an “S” shape and utilizes polyvinylidene fluoride is evaluated. Four permutations with different center constraints are the perfectly pinned circular steel, rigid glued circular steel, 3×1 and 5×1 3D printed rectangle polylactic acid prototypes. Using a load of 30 MΩ, which was close to the optimal load resistance, frequency sweeps in the forward and reverse directions indicated different nonlinearities depending on if the device is buckled or not. Peak resonant frequencies for the devices are around 18 to 30 Hz with bistable actuation occurring as low as 0.3 g
rms. Damping was measured using logarithmic decrement, linear and nonlinear half-power methods. Results showed that the devices have an average damping ratio of 4.1%. The buckled 3×1 mm device with short compliance arms generated 12.6 μW at 21.1 Hz when swept forward at 0.4 g
rms and had the highest figure-of-merit (FoMBW) metric of all devices tested. Unbuckled devices tended to exhibit a spring stiffening nonlinearity while buckled devices obtained higher power outputs in the forward direction but could have their operating frequencies significantly lowered if swept backward. All buckled devices tested during a chirp input could be promoted to high-energy orbits for enhanced performance.
On some inequalities for functions whose
absolute values of the second derivatives are α-, m-,
(α,m)-logarithmically convex
Authors: Karabayir İbrahi̇m , Tunç Mevlüt , Yüksel Ebru 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
In this paper, we establish some new Hadamard-type inequalities using
elementary well-known inequalities for functions whose
absolute values of the second derivatives are α-, m-, (α,m)-logarithmically convex.