bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parasite-induced alterations of sensorimotor pathways in gammarids: collateral damage of neuroinflammation?
Authors: Helluy Simone 
Published: December 2012

SummarySome larval helminths alter the behavior of their intermediate hosts in ways that favor the predation of infected hosts, thus enhancing trophic transmission. Gammarids (Crustacea: Amphipoda) offer unique advantages for the study of the proximate factors mediating parasite-induced behavioral changes. Indeed, amphipods infected by distantly related worms (acanthocephalans, cestodes and trematodes) encysted in different microhabitats within their hosts (hemocoel, brain) present comparable, chronic, behavioral pathologies. In order to evaluate the potential connection between behavioral disturbances and immune responses in parasitized gammarids, this Review surveys the literature bearing on sensorimotor pathway dysfunctions in infected hosts, on the involvement of the neuromodulator serotonin in altered responses to environmental stimuli, and on systemic and neural innate immunity in arthropods. Hemocyte concentration and phenoloxidase activity associated with melanotic encapsulation are depressed in acanthocephalan-manipulated gammarids. However, other components of the arsenal deployed by crustaceans against pathogens have not yet been investigated in helminth-infected gammarids. Members of the Toll family of receptors, cytokines such as tumor necrosis factors (TNFs), and the free radical nitric oxide are all implicated in neuroimmune responses in crustaceans. Across animal phyla, these molecules and their neuroinflammatory signaling pathways are touted for their dual beneficial and deleterious properties. Thus, it is argued that neuroinflammation might mediate the biochemical events upstream of the serotonergic dysfunction observed in manipulated gammarids – a parsimonious hypothesis that could explain the common behavioral pathology induced by distantly related parasites, both hemocoelian and cerebral.
What can parasitoid wasps teach us about decision-making in insects?
Authors: Libersat Frederic , Gal Ram 
Published: December 2012

SummaryMillions of years of co-evolution have driven parasites to display very complex and exquisite strategies to manipulate the behaviour of their hosts. However, although parasite-induced behavioural manipulation is a widespread phenomenon, the underlying neuronal mechanisms are only now beginning to be deciphered. Here, we review recent advancements in the study of the mechanisms by which parasitoid wasps use chemical warfare to manipulate the behaviour of their insect hosts. We focus on a particular case study in which a parasitoid wasp (the jewel wasp Ampulex compressa) performs a delicate brain surgery on its prey (the American cockroach Periplaneta americana) to take away its motivation to initiate locomotion. Following a brief background account of parasitoid wasps that manipulate host behaviour, we survey specific aspects of the unique effects of the A. compressa venom on the regulation of spontaneous and evoked behaviour in the cockroach host.
Investigating candidate neuromodulatory systems underlying parasitic manipulation: concepts, limitations and prospects
Authors: Perrot-Minnot Marie-Jeanne , Cézilly Frank 
Published: December 2012

SummaryStudies addressing the functional basis of parasitic manipulation suggest that alteration of the neuromodulatory system is a common feature of manipulated hosts. Screening of the neuromodulatory system has so far been carried out by performing ethopharmacological analysis, biochemical quantification of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators, and/or immunocytochemistry. Here, we review the advantages and limitations of such approaches through the analysis of case studies. We further address whether the analysis of candidate neuromodulatory systems fits the current view of manipulation as being multidimensional. The benefits in combining ethopharmacology with more recent molecular tools to investigate candidate neuromodulatory pathways is also emphasized. We conclude by discussing the value of a multidisciplinary study of parasitic manipulation, combining evolutionary (parasite transmission), behavioural (syndrome of manipulation) and neuroimmunological approaches.
Toxoplasma gondiiinfection, from predation to schizophrenia: can animal behaviour help us understand human behaviour?
Authors: Webster Joanne P. , Kaushik Maya , Bristow Greg C. , McConkey Glenn A. 
Published: December 2012

SummaryWe examine the role of the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii as a manipulatory parasite and question what role study of infections in its natural intermediate rodent hosts and other secondary hosts, including humans, may elucidate in terms of the epidemiology, evolution and clinical applications of infection. In particular, we focus on the potential association between T. gondii and schizophrenia. We introduce the novel term ‘T. gondii–rat manipulation–schizophrenia model’ and propose how future behavioural research on this model should be performed from a biological, clinical and ethically appropriate perspective.
Pathways to understanding the extended phenotype of parasites in their hosts
Authors: Hughes David 
Published: December 2012

SummaryThe study of the adaptive manipulation of animal behavior by parasites is entering very exciting times. Collectively the field has moved from its important and instructional natural history phase into proximate-level studies aiming to elucidate the mechanisms by which one organism controls another. Because many cases studies involve cross-kingdom control of behaviour, the findings are sure to be exciting. In this review I examine what possible pathways we can take to understanding the controlling behavior of parasites and how host behavior has become an extended phenotype of the parasites that is often hidden from view.
The Characterization Of CaCO3 in a Geothermal Environment: A Sem/Tem-Eels Study
Authors: Kim Jin-Wook , Kogure Toshihiro , Yang Kiho , Kim Sang-Tae , Jang Young-Nam , Baik Hion-Suck , Geesey Gill 
Published: December 2012

AbstractMineralization of microbial biomass is a common phenomenon in geothermal habitats, but knowledge of the structure of the minerals formed in these environments is limited. A combination of spectroscopic, microscopic, and stable isotopic methods, as well as the chemical analysis of spring water, were employed in the present study to characterize calcium carbonate minerals deposited in filamentous cyanobacterial mats in different locations of La Duke hot spring, a circumneutral thermal feature near the north entrance of Yellowstone National Park, Montana, USA. Calcite was the primary crystalline mineral phase associated with biofilm-containing deposits closest to the source of the spring and the suspended microbial biomass in a pool further from the source. The carbonate minerals at all sites occurred as aggregated granules, ~2 μm in diameter, in close association with the microbial biomass. Only in the deposits closest to the source were the granules organized as laminated structures interspersed with microbial biomass. The calcium carbonate grains contained two distinct regions: a dense monolithic calcite core and a porous dendritic periphery containing organic matter (OM). Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) indicated that the voids were infilled with OM and carbonates. The EELS technique was employed to distinguish the source of carbon in the organic matter and carbonate mixture. The studies of carbon isotope compositions of the calcium carbonates and the saturation indices for calcite in the spring waters suggest that processes (abiotic vs. biotic) controlling the carbonate formation may vary among the sampling sites.
Democratic Consolidation and Its Limits in Korea: Dilemmas of Cooptation
Authors: Suh Jae-Jung , Park Sunwon , Kim Hahn Y. 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
This article uses dilemmas of cooptation to explain progress and limits in South Korea's democratic consolidation since its transition to democracy in 1987. The series of cooptations employed by both conservative and liberal forces has helped to consolidate democracy but also to limit the extent of democratic reforms.
Tough, Strong Hydrogels with Elastomeric Fiber Reinforcement.
Authors: Calvert Paul , Agrawal Animesh , Rahbar Nima , Chalivendra Vijay 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTIn biological hydrogels, the gel matrix is usually reinforced with micro- or nano-fibers and the resulting composite is tough and strong. In contrast, synthetic hydrogels are weak and brittle, although they are highly elastic. Other than in food, the main structural application of hydrogels is as soft contact lenses. The developing interest in soft tissue engineering has exposed a need for strong synthetic hydrogels to act as scaffolds for tissue growth.In this work a new class of hydrogels based on fiber reinforced hydrogel composites with a cartilage-like structure is designed. A 3D rapid prototyping technique was used to form crossed “logpiles” of elastic fibers that are then impregnated with an epoxy-based hydrogel in order to form a fiber-reinforced gel structure. The fibrous construct improves the strength, modulus and toughness of the hydrogel and also constrains the swelling. By altering the construct geometry and studying the effect on mechanical properties we will develop the understanding needed to design strong hydrogels for biomedical devices and soft machines.
Multifunctional Materials: 2D constrained Electronically Conductive Polymer into LDH Matrix
Authors: Moujahid El Mostafa , Dubois Marc , Besse Jean-Pierre , Leroux Fabrice 
Published: December 2012

AbstractO-aminobenzenesulfonic acid is incorporated between the sheets of Cu2Cr(OH)6Cl. H2O hydrotalcite-type materials. After heating, a narrow ESR signal characterisitic of conductive polymer behavior is observed for the hybrid phase. The reaction of polymerization fails in absence of the confinement supplied by the LDH host structure and of air atmosphere. The nanocomposite presents an electrochemical behavior in agreement with the presence of large polyanilinesulfonate (PAniS) units, whereas the electropolymerization gives rise first to the formation of dimers. Spin density is found to be greater with the electropolymerization after few cycles than after the heat treatment.
Effects of Na on The Growth of Cu(In, Ga)Se2 Thin Films and Solar Cells
Authors: Rudmann D. , Cunha A.F. da , Kaelin M. , Haug F.-J. , Zogg H. , Tiwari A.N. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractCu(In, Ga)Se2 (CIGS) layers were grown with different vacuum evaporation recipes and the effects of sodium on the grain growth were investigated by scanning electron microscopy. A reduced grain size mainly in the lower part of films grown with the 3-stage process was observed when Na was available during growth. The growth kinetics were found to be influenced during the second stage of the process. In contrast, no clear change in grain size could be observed for CIGS layers grown with constant evaporation rates, with a bi-layer and with an ’extreme’ bi-layer process. A mechanism for the action of Na is proposed, which is based on the assumption that Na passivates CIGS grain boundaries and that this results in a surfactant effect. The mechanism explains the different influences of Na on CIGS growth for different evaporation recipes, the occurrence of reduced grain size in the 3-stage process and the surface smoothing effect observed mainly for CIGS grown with the bi-layer process.In-diffusion of Na after CIGS growth is shown to be an alternative Na incorporation method that does not reduce the CIGS grain size. A conversion efficiency improvement from 10.4% to 14.2% was achieved due to the post-deposition treatment on CIGS absorbers grown without Na at a maximum substrate temperature of 450°C.
Efficient Cu(In, Ga)Se2 Based Solar Cells Prepared by Electrodeposition
Authors: Guimard D. , Bodereau N. , Kurdi J. , Guillemoles J.F. , Lincot D. , Grand Pierre-Philippe , Farrah Moez Ben , Taunier Stéphane , Kerrec Olivier , Mogensen P. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractCuInSe2 and Cu(In, Ga)Se2 precursor layers have been prepared by electrodeposition, with morphologies suitable for device completion. These precursor films were transformed into photovoltaic quality films after thermal annealing without any post-additional vacuum deposition process. Depending on the preparation parameters annealed films with different band gaps between 1eV and 1.5 eV have been prepared. The dependence of resulting solar cell parameters has been investigated. The best efficiency achieved is about 10,2 % for a band gap of 1.45 eV. This device presents an open circuit voltage value of 740 mV, in agreement with the higher band gap value. Device characterisations (current-voltage, capacitance-voltage and spectral response analysis) have been performed. Admittance spectroscopy at room temperature indicates the presence of two acceptor traps at 0.3 and 0.43 eV from the valance band with density of the order of 2. 1017 cm-3 eV-1.
Regulation of Periodontal Ligament Cell Behavior by Cyclic Mechanical Loading and Substrate Nanotexture
Authors: Yu Na , Prodanov Ljupcho , Riet Joost te , Yang Fang , Walboomers X. Frank , Jansen John A. 
Published: December 2012

Background: Periodontal ligament (PDL) cells play an important role in regulating osseous remodeling and ligament formation. Mechanical loading and the specific cellular environment are involved in these processes, regulating cell behavior. However, most in vitro experimental setups investigate mechanical loading or substrate texture separately and thus do not fully represent the PDL microenvironment. Therefore, the authors investigated the influence of combined mechano‐topographical stimuli on PDL cell morphology, proliferation, and osteogenic and ligament differentiation.Methods: Human PDL cells were subjected to nanometric substrate patterning and cyclic tensile stress for 2 days. Cell morphology was assessed by fluorescent staining. Further, DNA content and messenger RNA expression of osteogenic (Runx2, OCN) and ligament‐related (scleraxis transcription factor (SCXA), ELN) genes were determined.Results: PDL cells adapted to the topography of nanometric groove patterns, aligning parallel with the texture. When subjected to mechanical stress, cells lost their initial orientation to the nanopattern. When subjected to dual stimuli, total DNA amounts were increased at 3 days of culture. Moreover, a significant synergistic effect on upregulation of Runx2 was observed in the combined group. For ligament‐related markers, SCXA and elastin expression increased with mechanical loading and decreased on nanopatterned surfaces.Conclusion: These results suggest that mechanical stimulation is crucial in regulating periodontal cell behavior, through modulation of osteogenic and ligament gene activity, while extracellular matrix–resembling structures induce different responses from PDL cells in morphology and gene expression.
Multidisciplinary Approach for the Treatment of Extensive External Cervical Resorption After Dental Trauma
Authors: Alves TP , Soares TRC , Barreto SC , Fried H , Pereira GDS , Maia LC , Santos AEC 
Published: December 2012

SUMMARY
External cervical resorption (ECR) is a sequela of dentoalveolar trauma that may cause functional, esthetic, and psychologic alterations. The aim of this study was to report a successful multidisciplinary treatment approach performed in a 12-year-old patient who presented with posttraumatic ECR associated with extensive opened cavity, pulp necrosis, and periapical lesion of tooth number 9, with an initial unfavorable prognosis. Crown lengthening was done to enable restoration of vestibular surface with resin composite, forming a barrier that allowed endodontic treatment. Afterwards, a prefabricated fiberglass post was cemented and esthetic restoration was performed using the adhesive technique and direct composite veneer. Reconstructive periodontal surgery was performed to correct irregular gingival contour. After treatment and successive follow-up sessions, it was concluded that although the tooth had been indicated for extraction, low invasive direct techniques were effective to recover function and esthetics and to maintain the tooth in the oral cavity.
Éros mélancolique de Jacques Roubaud et Anne F. Garréta: écriture, photographie et disparition
Authors: Guétemme Geneviève 
Published: December 2012

Éros mélancolique est un roman qui commence par un échange de messages électroniques entre deux auteurs qui s'effacent derrière un(e) certain(e) A.D. Clifford. Le personnage principal travaille à une thèse sur la chimie de la lumière et élabore un projet photographique où chaque cliché, inscrit sur un damier, est déterminé par des règles spatiales et temporelles très strictes. Ce projet n'aboutit pas et son abandon place l’écriture et l'art (photographique) sous l'angle de l'effacement et du renoncement. Ce renoncement n'est pas un échec et l'oscillation entre les genres – entre l'histoire d'amour et le roman oulipien inspiré de La Disparition et de La Vie mode d'emploi de Perec – semble correspondre à un roman et à une photographie qui ne sont pas ce qu'ils semblent être. Un roman et une photographie où le lacunaire accompagne un travail de cumul et d’échange et où la fragmentation laisse apparaître une absence – visualisée photographiquement par le carré blanc. Un roman où la photographie se retrouve du côté de l’écriture et où un jeu de décomposition-recomposition visualise peut-être la façon dont l'art contemporain appréhende maintenant le temps, l'espace, le monde et l'histoire.
L'atelier pédagogique de Nanterre : une expérimentation interinstitutionnelle pour les décrocheurs scolaires
Authors: Gilloots Marie 
Published: December 2012

Résumé L’atelier pédagogique de Nanterre est un dispositif original expérimenté au sein d’un secteur de pédopsychiatrie, offrant à des jeunes en décrochage scolaire un temps de scolarité hors établissement. Il permet une mobilisation des jeunes dans plusieurs dimensions : socialisation, relations aux apprentissages et accès au soin. Son caractère particulier de dispositif partenarial lui permet d’élaborer avec les adolescents leur rapport aux institutions scolaires et de soin, et leur capacité à agir.
Treatment of Thumb Carpometacarpal Arthritis With Arthroscopic Hemitrapeziectomy and Interposition Arthroplasty
Authors: Park Min Jung , Lee Arthur T. , Yao Jeffrey 
Published: December 2012

The carpometacarpal joint of the thumb is a common site of degenerative arthritis. Several surgical treatments exist, but arthroscopic management offers the potential benefit of earlier recovery. The current study evaluated the early clinical outcomes of a procedure involving arthroscopic hemitrapeziectomy with Artelon spacer (Artimplant, Västra Frölunda, Sweden) interposition arthroplasty into the newly created carpometacarpal space.
A chart review of 9 patients treated with thumb carpometacarpal arthroscopic hemitrapeziectomy and Artelon spacer interposition arthroplasty between September 2005 and January 2009 was performed for postoperative complications, range of motion, and pinch strength (percentage of the contralateral limb). Subjective outcomes were analyzed by the Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand questionnaire and the Patient-rated Wrist Evaluation. Mean follow-up was 23.4 months (range, 13–33 months). All patients maintained full range of motion. By the 1-year follow-up, mean pinch strength returned to 59%±19.1% of the contralateral limb strength. The Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand and the Patient-rated Wrist Evaluation scores were 12.3±7.6 and 26.8±23.5, respectively. No significant complications occurred, and 1 patient with symptoms of synovitis was successfully treated with a corticosteroid injection. This study revealed excellent short-term results at the minimum 1-year follow-up for a less invasive treatment option that is appropriate for select patients with moderate thumb carpometacarpal arthritis (Eaton stages 2 and 3). The authors demonstrated a comparably good outcome of arthroscopic hemitrapeziectomy with Artelon spacer interposition arthroplasty with no evidence of foreign-body reaction. The authors also demonstrated the potential role of corticosteroid injections in the setting of a postoperative inflammatory reaction.
The Ideal Laboratory Information System
Authors: Sepulveda Jorge L. , Young Donald S. 
Published: December 2012

Context.—Laboratory information systems (LIS) are critical components of the operation of clinical laboratories. However, the functionalities of LIS have lagged significantly behind the capacities of current hardware and software technologies, while the complexity of the information produced by clinical laboratories has been increasing over time and will soon undergo rapid expansion with the use of new, high-throughput and high-dimensionality laboratory tests. In the broadest sense, LIS are essential to manage the flow of information between health care providers, patients, and laboratories and should be designed to optimize not only laboratory operations but also personalized clinical care.Objectives.—To list suggestions for designing LIS with the goal of optimizing the operation of clinical laboratories while improving clinical care by intelligent management of laboratory information.Data Sources.—Literature review, interviews with laboratory users, and personal experience and opinion.Conclusions.—Laboratory information systems can improve laboratory operations and improve patient care. Specific suggestions for improving the function of LIS are listed under the following sections: (1) Information Security, (2) Test Ordering, (3) Specimen Collection, Accessioning, and Processing, (4) Analytic Phase, (5) Result Entry and Validation, (6) Result Reporting, (7) Notification Management, (8) Data Mining and Cross-sectional Reports, (9) Method Validation, (10) Quality Management, (11) Administrative and Financial Issues, and (12) Other Operational Issues.
Lycurgus, Athenian orator
Authors: Faraguna Michele 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe primary evidence for the life and activity of Lycurgus, Athenian politician and orator (ca. 390–324BCE), comes from the biography of him in theLives of the ten orators, which is appended to Plutarch'sMoralia(841a–4a), and from a number of laws and decrees he proposed.
Mazaios
Authors: Heckel Waldemar 
Published: December 2012

AbstractMazaios (Mazday) (ca. 385–ca. 328bce) had been satrap of Cilicia (Hilik) and, at the time of Alexander's campaign, he ruled thelambdashapedsatrapy Abarnahara, which stretched along the Phoenician coast and Euphrates River.
Miltiades
Authors: Krentz Peter 
Published: December 2012

AbstractMiltiades (ca. 550–489bce), son of Kimon, a prominent Athenian aristocrat, spent several decades ruling the Thracian Chersonese (Gallipoli) Peninsula before returning to Athens, to lead the Athenians against the Persians at Marathon in 490. Herodotus tells his story in several places, not always in chronological order (6.34–41, 103–111, 132–140).