bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reactions Templated by Nucleic Acids: More Ways to Translate Oligonucleotide‐Based Instructions into Emerging Function
Authors: Gorska Katarzyna , Winssinger Nicolas 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe programmability of oligonucleotide recognition offers an attractive platform to direct the assembly of reactive partners that can engage in chemical reactions. Recently, significant progress has been made in both the breadth of chemical transformations and in the functional output of the reaction. Herein we summarize these recent progresses and illustrate their applications to translate oligonucleotide instructions into functional materials and novel architectures (conductive polymers, nanopatterns, novel oligonucleotide junctions); into fluorescent or bioactive molecule using cellular RNA; to interrogate secondary structures or oligonucelic acids; or a synthetic oligomer.
Enhanced Photodynamic Efficiency of an Aptamer‐Guided Fullerene Photosensitizer toward Tumor Cells
Authors: Liu Qiaoling , Xu Li , Zhang Xuejie , Li Nan , Zheng Junpeng , Guan Mirong , Fang Xiaohong , Wang Chunru , Shu Chunying 
Published: June 2013

AbstractFullerene‐based photosensitizers exhibit great potential in photodynamic therapy (PDT). Based on the high photodynamic efficacy of trimalonic acid‐modified C70 fullerene (TF70), we constructed an aptamer‐guided TF70 photosensitizer and investigated its photodynamic effect. Conjugation of the novel aptamer (named R13) could effectively enhance the PDT efficiency of TF70 against A549 lung cancer cells in the presence of serum. The lysosomal location of the TF70‐R13 conjugate inside cells facilitates the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can efficiently kill cells, under light irradiation. The enhanced photodynamic efficiency, along with its good biocompatibility in the dark, makes TF70‐R13 a highly promising photosensitizer for tumor‐specific PDT.
CNT@Fe3O4@C Coaxial Nanocables: One‐Pot, Additive‐Free Synthesis and Remarkable Lithium Storage Behavior
Authors: Cheng Jianli , Wang Bin , Park Cheol‐Min , Wu Yuping , Huang Hui , Nie Fude 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBy using carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as a shape template and glucose as a carbon precursor and structure‐directing agent, CNT@Fe3O4@C porous core/sheath coaxial nanocables have been synthesized by a simple one‐pot hydrothermal process. Neither a surfactant/ligand nor a CNT pretreatment is needed in the synthetic process. A possible growth mechanism governing the formation of this nanostructure is discussed. When used as an anode material of lithium‐ion batteries, the CNT@Fe3O4@C nanocables show significantly enhanced cycling performance, high rate capability, and high Coulombic efficiency compared with pure Fe2O3 particles and Fe3O4/CNT composites. The CNT@Fe3O4@C nanocables deliver a reversible capacity of 1290 mA h g−1 after 80 cycles at a current density of 200 mA g−1, and maintain a reversible capacity of 690 mA h g−1 after 200 cycles at a current density of 2000 mA g−1. The improved lithium storage behavior can be attributed to the synergistic effect of the high electronic conductivity support and the inner CNT/outer carbon buffering matrix.
Tetra(p‐tolyl)borate‐Functionalized Solvent Polymeric Membrane: A Facile and Sensitive Sensing Platform for Peroxidase and Peroxidase Mimetics
Authors: Wang Xuewei , Qin Wei 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe determination of peroxidase activities is the basis for enzyme‐labeled bioaffinity assays, peroxidase‐mimicking DNAzymes‐ and nanoparticles‐based assays, and characterization of the catalytic functions of peroxidase mimetics. Here, a facile, sensitive, and cost‐effective solvent polymeric membrane‐based peroxidase detection platform is described that utilizes reaction intermediates with different pKa values from those of substrates and final products. Several key but long‐debated intermediates in the peroxidative oxidation of o‐phenylenediamine (o‐PD) have been identified and their charge states have been estimated. By using a solvent polymeric membrane functionalized by an appropriate substituted tetraphenylborate as a receptor, those cationic intermediates could be transferred into the membrane from the aqueous phase to induce a large cationic potential response. Thus, the potentiometric indication of the o‐PD oxidation catalyzed by peroxidase or its mimetics can be fulfilled. Horseradish peroxidase has been detected with a detection limit at least two orders of magnitude lower than those obtained by spectrophotometric techniques and traditional membrane‐based methods. As an example of peroxidase mimetics, G‐quadruplex DNAzymes were probed by the intermediate‐sensitive membrane and a label‐free thrombin detection protocol was developed based on the catalytic activity of the thrombin‐binding G‐quadruplex aptamer.
Cholesterol‐/Estradiol‐Appended Alkynylplatinum(II) Complexes as Supramolecular Gelators: Synthesis, Characterization, Photophysical and Gelation Studies
Authors: Li Yongguang , Lam Elizabeth Suk‐Hang , Tam Anthony Yiu‐Yan , Wong Keith Man‐Chung , Lam Wai Han , Wu Lixin , Yam Vivian Wing‐Wah 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA series of cholesterol‐/estradiol‐appended alkynylplatinum(II) complexes with tridentate N‐donor ligands, based on 2,6‐bis(1‐alkylpyrazol‐3‐yl)pyridine, has been synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy, FAB‐mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. Their photophysical properties have also been investigated. Computational studies have been performed to provide insights into the nature of the electronic transitions. Some of the complexes have been found to form stable thermo‐ and mechanoresponsive supramolecular gels.
Detection of B‐cell populations with monotypic light chain expression in cerebrospinal fluid specimens from patients with multiple sclerosis by polychromatic flow cytometry
Authors: Vafaii Poopak , DiGiuseppe Joseph A. 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundFlow cytometric immunophenotyping is an established method for the detection of occult leptomeningeal disease in patients with aggressive B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma, and is increasingly being used in the evaluation of patients without an established diagnosis of lymphoma who present with signs and/or symptoms referable to the central nervous system. However, the specificity of flow cytometric immunophenotyping in the identification of monoclonal B‐cell populations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has not been systematically evaluated.MethodsWe searched a consecutive series of CSF specimens submitted to our laboratory for polychromatic (8‐color) flow cytometric immunophenotyping between June, 2010 and December, 2012 for cases in which a B‐cell population with monotypic immunoglobulin light chain expression was detected in patients without clinical or radiographic evidence of lymphoma.ResultsA B‐cell population with monotypic light chain expression was identified in CSF specimens from three patients whose subsequent clinical and radiologic evaluation provided no evidence for lymphoma. In all three patients, a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis was ultimately rendered upon completion of the clinical evaluation.ConclusionsWe conclude that the detection of a B‐cell population with monotypic light chain expression in CSF by polychromatic flow cytometry is not diagnostic of occult leptomeningeal involvement by a B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma. Moreover, these findings suggest that monotypic B‐cell populations detectable by polychromatic flow cytometry may be prevalent in patients with multiple sclerosis, and highlight the importance of clinicopathologic correlation in this application of polychromatic flow cytometry. © 2013 International Clinical Cytometry Society
A reconstructing approach to end‐to‐end network traffic based on multifractal wavelet model
Authors: Nie Laisen , Jiang Dingde , Guo Lei , Xu Zhengzheng 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYThis paper studies the reconstructing method of end‐to‐end network traffic. Due to the development of current communication networks, our networks become more complex and heterogeneous. Meanwhile, because of time‐varying nature and spatio‐temporal correlations of the end‐to‐end network traffic, to obtain it accurately is a great challenge. We propose to exploit discrete wavelet transforms and multifractal analysis to reconstruct the end‐to‐end network traffic from time–frequency domain. First, its time–frequency properties can be characterized in detail by discrete wavelet transforms. And then, we combine discrete wavelet transforms and multifractal analysis to reconstruct end‐to‐end network traffic from link loads. Furthermore, our method needs to measure end‐to‐end network traffic to build the statistical model named multifractal wavelet model. Finally, simulation results from the real backbone networks suggest that our method can reconstruct the end‐to‐end network traffic more accurately than previous methods. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient slice‐aware H.264/AVC video transmission over time‐driven priority networks
Authors: Baccaglini E. , Marchetto G. , Tillo T. , Olmo G. 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYThis paper proposes a multimedia streaming architecture that combines network and video technologies to handle video traffic over multi‐hop access networks. In this context, resource overprovision typical of current quality of service approaches will become a limiting factor because of the increasing spread of bandwidth‐intensive multimedia applications. The proposed scheme adopts a time‐driven priority scheduling at network nodes and exploits slice classification at the video encoder to differentiate packets. The service guarantees offered by time‐driven priority, together with the packet classification, significantly reduce congestion and increase the video quality at the receiver with respect to the traditional differentiated services (DiffServ) approach, also achieving high resource utilization. This is an important result, as current DiffServ‐based architectures are far from obtaining such resource utilization in conjunction with reasonable delays and jitters. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Europa wächst zusammen – auch in der Mauerwerksnormung (?)
Authors: Kranzler Thomas 
Published: June 2013

AbstractDer Beitrag gibt einen kurzen Überblick über die Entwicklung der europäischen Prüf‐, Produkt‐ und Bemessungsnormen von und für Mauerwerksprodukte, beginnend mit der Bauproduktenrichtlinie 1988 bis hin zur Einführung der Eurocodes für Mauerwerksbau 2014. Stellvertretend für alle Mauerwerksprodukte/‐industrien wird aus Sicht der Mauerziegelindustrie dieser lange und bisweilen zähe Weg ausgehend von den deutschen Normen DIN 105 und DIN 1053 bis hin zu den europäischen Normen DIN EN 771‐1 und DIN EN 1996 (Eurocode 6) aufgezeigt.Die Ende der 1980er‐Jahre bestehende Auffassung, bereits in wenigen Sitzungen europaweit akzeptierte Entwurfsfassungen der europäischen Normen vorzulegen, scheiterte an der Tatsache, dass sich verschiedene nationale Interessen in Form von unterschiedlichen Prüfverfahren, unterschiedlichen Anforderungen und Schutzniveaus, aber auch gänzlich unterschiedlichen Konzepten hinsichtlich der Beschreibung der Produkte gegenüberstanden.In einem langwierigen und zähen Harmonisierungsprozess sahen sich die Vertreter der deutschen Mauerwerksindustrie einer Reihe von Fragestellungen und Unwägbarkeiten (technisch, vor allem aber “politisch“) gegenüber.Das Ergebnis dieses mittlerweile knapp 25 Jahre andauernden Prozesses sind – ausgehend von rund 60 Seiten zu Beginn – über 500 (!) Seiten europäisch harmonisierte Prüf‐, Produkt‐ und Bemessungsnormen von und für Mauerziegel.Europe is growing together – in the standardization of/for masonry as well (?). The article gives a short overview of the development of the European test‐, product‐ and design standards of masonry. It starts with the Construction Products Directive (CPD) and ends with the implementation of the Eurocode 6 in Germany. This lengthy proceeding will be shown by taking the example of the German clay masonry industry and their way, from the German standards DIN 105 and DIN 1053 through to the European standards EN 771‐1 and EN 1996 (Eurocode 6). Started on basis of around 60 pages of relevant national standards for clay masonry, the results of this by now 25 year long process are circa 500 (!) pages of relevant European harmonised standards.
Fire resistance assessment of masonry structures – Structural fire design of masonry buildings according to the Eurocodes
Authors: Meyer Udo 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis paper summarizes a presentation given at the European Commission Workshop “Structural fire design” held on November 27th and 28th, 2012 in Brussels. For more information visit: http://eurocodes.jrc.ec.europa.eu/showpage.php?id=2012_11_WS_FireFeuerwiderstand von Mauerwerksbauten – Brandschutz‐Bemessung von Mauerwerk nach den Eurocodes. Der Beitrag ist die Schriftfassung eines Vortrags anlässlich des Workshops “Structural fire design“ der Europäischen Kommission am 27. und 28. November 2012 in Brüssel. Weitere Informationen unter: http://eurocodes.jrc.ec.europa.eu/showpage.php?id=2012_11_WS_Fire
Die europäische Normung von Kalksandsteinen in prEN 771‐2:2013 mit Blick auf die neue Bauproduktenverordnung
Authors: Schlundt Andreas 
Published: June 2013

AbstractDie neue Bauproduktenverordnung tritt mit Geltung aller wesentlichen Artikel der Verordnung ab 01. Juli 2013 vollumfänglich in Kraft. Ab diesem Zeitpunkt ändert sich damit auch die “Deklaration“ von Kalksandsteinen. Neben dem bekannten CE‐Kennzeichen, mit dem die Produkte gekennzeichnet werden, ist nunmehr zusätzlich für jedes Produkt auch eine Leistungserklärung erforderlich. Hierzu waren in der europäischen Kalksandstein‐Norm EN 771‐2 einige Anpassungen erforderlich. Insbesondere wurde bei der Überarbeitung auch ein Kurzkennzeichen‐System entwickelt und genormt, mit dem zukünftig eine kurze und praktikable CE‐Kennzeichnung am Produkt möglich ist.European standardization of calcium silicate units in prEN 771‐2: 2013 with a view to the new Construction Products Regulation. The new Construction Products Regulation including all essential articles becomes effective on 01. July 2013. Herewith the “declaration” of calcium silicate units changes from that date. In addition to the already known CE‐marking affixed to the products from now on a Declaration of Performance is required. For this purpose changes in the European standard for calcium silicate units were necessary. During the revision especially a designation system was developed and standardized, that will lead in the future to a short and practical CE‐marking on the product.
Brandschutz mit Mauerwerk: Veröffentlichung von DIN EN 1996‐1‐2/NA – Auswirkungen für die Baupraxis
Authors: Meyer Udo 
Published: June 2013

AbstractMit der DIN EN 1996‐1‐2 mit Nationalem Anhang wird der bisherige Stand der DIN 4102‐4 in Verbindung mit DIN 1053‐1 für Mauerwerk ohne wesentliche Änderung für das Bemessungsergebnis fortgeschrieben. Der Beitrag informiert über einige neue Begrifflichkeiten.Fire design with masonry: Publication of DIN EN 1996‐1‐2/NA – consequences for the application. DIN EN 1996‐1‐2/NA preserves the existing practice resulting from the design with DIN 4102‐4 in conjunction with DIN 1053‐1. The paper highlights some of the new definitions in the standard.
Zum Eurocode 6 – Fragen und Antworten
Authors: Jäger Wolfram 
Published: June 2013

AbstractUnter dieser Rubrik werden Fragen beantwortet, die bei der Einarbeitung in den EC 6 entstehen. Die Wiedergabe erfolgt in jedem Falle anonymisiert. Sofern es um Verständnisfragen und Hintergrundinformationen geht, werden sie von den Beiratsmitgliedern beantwortet. Handelt es sich um Auslegungsfragen, wird der zuständige NABau‐Ausschuss NA 005‐06‐01 AA “Mauerwerksbau“ (Sp CEN/TC 125, CEN/TC 250/SC 6) mit einbezogen.Mit dem Leserforum zum EC 6 soll der Praxis die Einarbeitung in das neue Normenpaket mit seinen Nationalen Anhängen erleichtert werden. Auch Sie können als Leser gern von dieser Rubrik Gebrauch machen und Ihre Fragen stellen (mauerwerk@ernst‐und‐sohn.de).Questions concerning the introduction of the EC 6. Under this heading questions are answered, arising from the application of EC 6. The questions are expressing anonymous in all cases. Provided that they concern the understanding and background information the answers will be given by members of the editorial board. If the questions are dealing with the interpretation of clauses of EC 6 the responsible code committee NA 005‐06‐01 AA “Masonry construction” (Sp CEN/TC 125, CEN/TC 250/SC 6) will be involved.The practice should get help for the adjustment in the EC 6 and its National Annexes with this new category of contributions. The readers are invited to avail oneself of this chance very active (mauerwerk@ernst‐und‐sohn.de).Die nachfolgenden Fragen und Antworten beziehen sich auf den Teil 1‐1 [1] sowie Teil 3 [3] von DIN EN 1996 zusammen mit dem zugehörigen Nationalen Anhang [2] und [4].
Genetic by environment interactions affect plant–soil linkages
Authors: Pregitzer Clara C. , Bailey Joseph K. , Schweitzer Jennifer A. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe role of plant intraspecific variation in plant–soil linkages is poorly understood, especially in the context of natural environmental variation, but has important implications in evolutionary ecology. We utilized three 18‐ to 21‐year‐old common gardens across an elevational gradient, planted with replicates of five Populus angustifolia genotypes each, to address the hypothesis that tree genotype (G), environment (E), and G × E interactions would affect soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics beneath individual trees. We found that soil nitrogen and carbon varied by over 50% and 62%, respectively, across all common garden environments. We found that plant leaf litter (but not root) traits vary by genotype and environment while soil nutrient pools demonstrated genotype, environment, and sometimes G × E interactions, while process rates (net N mineralization and net nitrification) demonstrated G × E interactions. Plasticity in tree growth and litter chemistry was significantly related to the variation in soil nutrient pools and processes across environments, reflecting tight plant–soil linkages. These data overall suggest that plant genetic variation can have differential affects on carbon storage and nitrogen cycling, with implications for understanding the role of genetic variation in plant–soil feedback as well as management plans for conservation and restoration of forest habitats with a changing climate.
Changes in the genetic structure of Atlantic salmon populations over four decades reveal substantial impacts of stocking and potential resiliency
Authors: Perrier Charles , Guyomard René , Bagliniere Jean‐Luc , Nikolic Natacha , Evanno Guillaume 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWhile the stocking of captive‐bred fish has been occurring for decades and has had substantial immediate genetic and evolutionary impacts on wild populations, its long‐term consequences have only been weakly investigated. Here, we conducted a spatiotemporal analysis of 1428 Atlantic salmon sampled from 1965 to 2006 in 25 populations throughout France to investigate the influence of stocking on the neutral genetic structure in wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) populations. On the basis of the analysis of 11 microsatellite loci, we found that the overall genetic structure among populations dramatically decreased over the period studied. Admixture rates among populations were highly variable, ranging from a nearly undetectable contribution from donor stocks to total replacement of the native gene pool, suggesting extremely variable impacts of stocking. Depending on population, admixture rates either increased, remained stable, or decreased in samples collected between 1998 and 2006 compared to samples from 1965 to 1987, suggesting either rising, long‐lasting or short‐term impacts of stocking. We discuss the potential mechanisms contributing to this variability, including the reduced fitness of stocked fish and persistence of wild locally adapted individuals.
A Kinetic Study on the Substitution for Acetonitrile at the trans‐to‐μ‐Oxido Sites in a Bis(μ‐acetato)(μ‐oxido)diruthenium(III) Dipositive Complex: Dissociative–Associative Transition of the Activation Mode for the Substitution of Pyridine Derivatives
Authors: Ido Yohei , Sakaguchi Kiyoshi , Tasei Minako , Minami Suguru , Sawamoto Hiroki , Fujihara Takashi , Nagasawa Akira 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA new diruthenium(III) complex [RuIII2(μ‐O)(μ‐CH3CO2)2(bpy)2(CH3CN)2](PF6)2 [1(PF6)2, bpy = 2,2′‐bipyridine] has been synthesized, and the dynamic behaviour of CH3CN at the trans‐to‐μ‐oxido sites were investigated by 1H NMR and UV/Vis spectroscopy at 0–60 °C under 0.101–147 MPa in CH3CN. The solvent exchange in CD3CN at 5 °C gave the rate constant k = 2.43 × 10–3 s–1 and the activation parameters ΔH‡ = 124 kJ mol–1 and ΔS‡ = +150 J K–1 mol–1, which point to a dissociative mechanism (Id or D). The ligand substitution of pyridine (py) in CD3CN at 30 °C, yielding [RuIII2(μ‐O)(μ‐CH3CO2)2(bpy)2(py)2](PF6)2 [2a(PF6)2], gave a rate constant per site of k = 1.56 × 10–2 M–1 s–1, and the activation parameters ΔH‡ = 81 kJ mol–1 and ΔS‡ = –13 J K–1 mol–1. The substitution of various pyridine derivatives (Rpy) for CH3CN in 1(PF6)2 exhibited varying activation parameters: ΔH‡ ranged from 66 to 92 kJ mol–1, ΔS‡ ranged from –51 to +22 J K–1 mol–1, and ΔV‡ (for Rpy with R = H, 3‐Ac, 4‐NH2, 4‐CN, 3‐CN) ranged from +1.3 to +3.2 cm3 mol–1. These results suggest an interchange (I) mechanism for the substitution of Rpy, for which its strong electron‐donating ability is responsible. A compensation effect is seen between ΔH‡ and ΔS‡, and both have linear relationships with the Hammett parameters. The substituent R electronically influences the strength of the interaction of Rpy with Ru center in the transition state to shift the activation mode to a dissociative (Id) or an associative (Ia) interchange.
Synthesis of an Octa‐tert‐butylphthalocyanine: A Low‐Aggregating and Photochemically Stable Photosensitizer
Authors: Gobo Nicholas R. S. , Brocksom Timothy J. , Zukerman‐Schpector Julio , de Oliveira Kleber T. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe synthesis of a new octa‐tert‐butylphthalocyanine is described. First, the 4,5‐di‐tert‐butylphthalonitrile building block was synthesized in a six‐step approach, in which the last step is a three reaction domino sequence. Then, this phthalonitrile was cyclotetramerized to furnish a new phthalocyanine dye, which presented no aggregation in solution and good photophysical properties.
Access to Di‐ and Trisubstituted Oxazoles by NBS‐Mediated Oxidative Cyclisation of N‐Acyl Amino Acid Derivatives
Authors: Bathula Surendar Reddy , Reddy Muktapuram Prathap , Viswanadham K. K. Durga Rao , Sathyanarayana Pochampalli , Reddy Maddi Sridhar 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA remarkably simple method for the synthesis of di‐ and trisubstituted functionalised oxazoles under metal‐ and catalyst‐free conditions is described. An iterative bromination and debromination of N‐acylated amino acid derivatives with NBS as the sole reagent cleanly led to various substituted oxazoles.
(–)‐Isosteviol as a Versatile Ex‐Chiral‐Pool Building Block for Organic Chemistry
Authors: Lohoelter Christina , Weckbecker Magdalena , Waldvogel Siegfried R. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract(–)‐Isosteviol is readily available in large quantities by the acidic treatment of a common alternative sweetener. The two functional groups of (–)‐isosteviol are presented on the same side of the ent‐beyerane scaffold with a mutual C–C distance of about 7 Å. Their unique concave arrangement experiences a strong asymmetric environment due to an adjacent methyl group. Consequently, this building block has found several applications in supramolecular chemistry and organocatalysis. These areas and the chemical modification of this scaffold as well as its biological activity are surveyed.