bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Removal of ureteral calculi in two geldings via a standing flank approach
Authors: Frederick Jeremy , Freeman David E. , MacKay Robert J. , Matyjaszek Sarah , Lewis Jordan , Sanchez L. Chris , Meyer Stephanie 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Case Description—Two geldings, aged 11 and 17 years, were examined for treatment of ureteroliths located approximately 10 cm proximal to the bladder.
Clinical Findings—Ureteral obstruction was an incidental finding in 1 horse that was referred because of urinary tract obstruction and a cystic calculus. This horse did not have clinical or laboratory evidence of renal failure, although severe hydronephrosis was evident on transabdominal ultrasonography. The second patient had a serum creatinine concentration of 6.3 mg/dL (reference range, 0.8 to 2.2 mg/dL) and mild hydronephrosis of the affected left kidney.
Treatment and Outcome—In both patients, the obstructed ureter was exteriorized through a flank incision as a standing procedure, and the calculus was crushed and removed with a uterine biopsy forceps introduced through a ureterotomy approximately 25 cm proximal to the calculus. The cystic calculus was removed through a perineal urethrostomy by lithotripsy, piecemeal extraction, and lavage. The horse without azotemia developed pyelonephritis in the affected kidney and was euthanatized because of complications of a nephrectomy 13 months later. In the horse with azotemia, the serum creatinine concentration decreased after surgery, and the horse returned to its intended use. However, it was euthanatized approximately 2 years after surgery because of progressive renal failure, and a large nephrolith was found in the previously unobstructed right kidney.
Clinical Relevance—The technique used for ureterolith removal was successful in both horses in this report, did not require sophisticated equipment, and could be effective in the early stages of ureteral obstruction as a means of restoring urine flow and renal function. The outcome in the horse with advanced unilateral renal disease without azotemia would suggest that nephrectomy should be considered as a treatment in such patients.
Blinding terminology used in reports of randomized controlled trials involving dogs and cats
Authors: Giuffrida Michelle A. , Agnello Kimberley A. , Brown Dorothy C. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Objective—To review blinding terminology used in published reports of veterinary clinical randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and to determine how practicing veterinarians interpret blinding terminology.
Design—Retrospective literature review and prospective veterinarian survey.
Sample—195 parallel-group clinical RCTs published from June 2004 to June 2010 in 11 peer-reviewed journals; 21 practicing veterinarians at a university-based small animal teaching hospital.
Procedures—Journals were hand searched to identify eligible reports. Details concerning trial methodology were recorded. Veterinarians provided information regarding position, experience, and personal interpretation of blinding terminology via an anonymous questionnaire.
Results—Blinding was reported or inferred in 131 reports of RCTs, yet complete descriptions of who was blinded were present in only 42 (32.1%) reports. Studies for which blinding was reported with the terms single or double blinded were less likely to contain clear descriptions of the role of blinded study personnel, compared with studies reported as blinded or in which blinding was inferred through trial methodology. Veterinarians did not agree on how to interpret the terms single, double, and triple blinded when reading the report of an RCT.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Blinding was commonly used as a means of reducing bias associated with collection and interpretation of data in reports of veterinary RCTs. However, most reports of blinding methodology were incomplete and there was no consistency in how blinding terminology was used by authors or interpreted by veterinarians. Ambiguous reporting hinders the ability of practitioners to assess the validity of trial results and make informed decisions about applying study findings to their patient populations.
Missions et transmissions : Aux sources de quelques énigmes du corps
Authors: Baudin Marianne 
Published: October 2012

Résumé Les missions et transmissions qui s’engagent dans les liens sociaux et familiaux ont prise sur le corps, ici défini dans sa double composition de corps biologique et de corps érotique. Les messages du sexuel inconscient infiltrent l’architecture psychosomatique et subvertissent les relations familiales, sociales, intersubjectives. Après quelques rappels théoriques, l’article aborde plusieurs situations cliniques prises dans la littérature psychanalytique (cas de Dora pour Freud) et dans la pratique clinique récente avec des patients présentant des pathologies somatiques diverses : pelade totale décalvante, infarctus du myocarde, suivi post-greffe cardio-pulmonaire.
Le gaullisme des hauts fonctionnaires (1958-1974)
Authors: Rouban Luc 
Published: October 2012

Résumé Le gaullisme de la haute fonction publique entre 1958 et 1974 est faible. L’utilisation de banques de données empiriques permet de souligner tout d’abord que les hauts fonctionnaires sont moins attirés par le gaullisme en 1958 que par la gauche ou le centrisme. Après 1958, la proportion de députés hauts fonctionnaires n’est pas plus importante chez les gaullistes que chez les centristes ou les socialistes. Contrairement à ce qui a été souvent soutenu, la « fonctionnarisation du politique » sous la Cinquième République ne passe pas par les hauts fonctionnaires. La pratique gaulliste laissant une grande autonomie aux services, les hauts fonctionnaires ne s’engagent pas de manière partisane et jouent surtout la carte de leur professionnalisme. L’étude prosopographique du corps préfectoral comme de l’inspection des Finances montre que l’engagement gaulliste reste très rare. Les hauts fonctionnaires se sont servis du gaullisme pour conforter leur pouvoir social.
Protein Kinase C-θ Clustering at Immunological Synapses Amplifies Effector Responses in NK Cells
Authors: Merino Ernesto , Abeyweera Thushara P. , Firth Matthew A. , Zawislak Carolyn L. , Basu Roshni , Liu Xin , Sun Joseph C. , Huse Morgan 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
In lymphocytes, stimulation of cell surface activating receptors induces the formation of protein microclusters at the plasma membrane that contain the receptor itself, along with other signaling molecules. Although these microclusters are generally thought to be crucial for promoting downstream cellular responses, evidence that specifically links clustering potential to signaling output is lacking. We found that protein kinase C-θ (PKCθ), a key signaling molecule in multiple lymphocyte subsets, formed microclusters in activated NK cells. These microclusters coalesced within the immunological synapse between the NK cell and its target cell. Clustering was mediated by the regulatory region of PKCθ and specifically required a putative phosphotyrosine-binding site within its N-terminal C2 domain. Whereas expression of wild-type PKCθ rescued the cytokine production defect displayed by PKCθ-deficient NK cells, expression of a PKCθ point-mutant incapable of forming microclusters had little to no effect. Hence, PKCθ clustering was necessary for optimal effector function. Notably, only receptors containing ITAMs induced PKCθ microclusters on their own, explaining previous observations that ITAM-coupled receptors promote stronger activating signals and effector responses than do receptors lacking these motifs. Taken together, our results provide a cell biological basis for the role of PKCθ clustering during NK cell activation, and highlight the importance of subcellular compartmentalization for lymphocyte signal transduction.
Radiogenic Source Identification for the Helium Production-Diffusion Equation
Authors: Bao Gang , Ehlers Todd A. , Li Peijun 
Published: October 2012

AbstractKnowledge of helium diffusion kinetics is critical for materials in which helium measurements are made, particulary for thermochronology. In most cases the helium ages were younger than expected, an observation attributes to diffusive loss of helium and the ejection of high energy alpha particles. Therefore it is important to accurately calculate the distribution of the source term within a sample. In this paper, the prediction of the helium concentrations as function of a spatially variable source term are considered. Both the forward and inverse solutions are presented. Under the assumption of radially symmetric geometry, an analytical solution is deduced based on the eigenfunction expansion. Two regularization methods, the Tikhonov regularization and the spectral cutoff regularization, are considered to obtain the regularized solution. Error estimates with optimal convergence order are shown between the exact solution and the regularized solution. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the validity and effectiveness of the proposed methods
Excitonic Eigenstates of Disordered Semiconductor Quantum Wires: Adaptive Wavelet Computation of Eigenvalues for the Electron-Hole Schrödinger Equation
Authors: Mollet Christian , Kunoth Angela , Meier Torsten 
Published: October 2012

AbstractA novel adaptive approach to compute the eigenenergies and eigenfunctions of the two-particle (electron-hole) Schrödinger equation including Coulomb attraction is presented. As an example, we analyze the energetically lowest exciton state of a thin one-dimensional semiconductor quantum wire in the presence of disorder which arises from the non-smooth interface between the wire and surrounding material. The eigenvalues of the corresponding Schrödinger equation, i.e., the one-dimensional exciton Wannier equation with disorder, correspond to the energies of excitons in the quantum wire. The wavefunctions, in turn, provide information on the optical properties of the wire.We reformulate the problem of two interacting particles that both can move in one dimension as a stationary eigenvalue problem with two spacial dimensions in an appropriate weak form whose bilinear form is arranged to be symmetric, continuous, and coercive. The disorder of the wire is modelled by adding a potential in the Hamiltonian which is generated by normally distributed random numbers. The numerical solution of this problem is based on adaptive wavelets. Our scheme allows for a convergence proof of the resulting scheme together with complexity estimates. Numerical examples demonstrate the behavior of the smallest eigenvalue, the ground state energies of the exciton, together with the eigenstates depending on the strength and spatial correlation of disorder.
Funcion Sparing Surgery in Uro-Oncology: Germ Cell Tumors of the Testis
Authors: Catanzaro Mario , Piva Luigi , Torelli Tullio , Biasoni Davide , Stagni Silvia , Milani Angelo , Necchi Andrea , Giannatempo Patrizia , Nicolai Nicolai , Salvioni Roberto 
Published: October 2012

Surgery in germ cell tumors of the testis (TGT) may result in andrological disorders, both after orchiectomy and after retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy (RPLND). Bilateral orchiectomy suppresses both testicular functions: exocrine and endocrine. In selected cases with bilateral TGT (metachronous/synchronous), or in the case of TGT in monorchid patients, partial orchiectomy (enucleation of the tumor) can preserve both functions with a low risk of relapse in residual testicular parenchyma, in the absence of intraepithelial neoplasia (TIN). In cases of TIN and normal testosterone levels (80%), the fertility is maintained in 50% of patients. In these cases the use of radiotherapy on the residual testicular parenchyma can prevent the future development of invasive cancer, though compromising the hormonal function. The RPLND (open or laparoscopic) can produce major side effects, such as retrograde ejaculation. Knowledge of the adrenergic fiber retroperitoneal neuroanatomy enables to implement a “nerve sparing” surgery with an almost total reduction of this serious side effect, but that option is only available in few centers of excellence. Semen cryopreservation has become a common practice performed before any treatment that might impact on the andrological function of patients.
A Portable Passive Physiotherapeutic Exoskeleton
Authors: Naidu Dasheek , Stopforth Riaan , Bright Glen , Davrajh Shaniel 
Published: October 2012

The public healthcare system in South Africa is in need of urgent attention in no small part because there has been an escalation in the number of stroke victims which could be due to the increase in hypertension in this urbanizing society. There is a growing need for physiotherapists and occupational therapists in the country, which is further hindered by the division between urban and rural areas. A possible solution is a portable passive physiotherapeutic exoskeleton device. The exoskeleton device has been formulated to encapsulate methodologies that enable the anthropomorphic integration between a biological and mechatronic limb. A physiotherapeutic mechanism was designed to be portable and adjustable, without limiting the spherical motion and workspace of the human arm. The exoskeleton was designed to be portable in the sense that it could be transported geographically. It is a complete device allowing for motion in the shoulder, elbow, wrist and hand joints. The inverse kinematics was solved iteratively via the Damped Least Squares (DLS) method. The electronic and computer system allowed for professional personnel to either change an individual joint or a combination of joints angles via the kinematic models. A ramp PI controller was established to provide a smooth response to simulate the passive therapy motion.
Discovery of Rare Homozygous Mutations from Studies of Consanguineous Pedigrees
Authors: Alkuraya Fowzan S. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe unmasking of recessive mutations by virtue of biparental inheritance of the same ancestral haplotype on which they reside (autozygosity) has provided human geneticists with one of their most powerful tools in unraveling the genetic basis of autosomal recessive disorders. This has historically been achieved by tracking the blocks of homozygosity as surrogates of autozygosity using polymorphic microsatellite markers. Mapping the entire set of autozygous blocks per individual (autozygome) at high resolution became possible with the advent of high‐density SNP arrays. The more recent availability of next‐generation sequencing has markedly accelerated the rate at which rare recessive mutations are identified by obviating the need to prioritize genes for sequencing within candidate autozygous loci. This unit will review the individual and combined use of these techniques in the context of mapping novel recessive disease genes, as well as potential pitfalls and recommended solutions. Curr. Protoc. Hum. Genet. 75:6.12.1‐6.12.13. © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Preparation of Chorionic Villus Samples for Metaphase Chromosome Analysis and Chromosomal Microarray Analysis
Authors: Breman Amy , Patel Ankita 
Published: October 2012

AbstractChorionic villi are composed of an outer layer of trophoblastic cells and an inner mesenchymal cell core. They can be prepared for chromosome analysis using a culture method wherein villi are disaggregated by mechanical and enzymatic methods and the resulting cell suspension is used to establish primary cultures. Mesenchymal cells of the villus core are released by this procedure and the fibroblasts are actively proliferative in tissue culture. Cultures can be used for cytogenetic analysis after ∼1 week. Slides prepared by this technique can be stained using trypsin‐Giemsa banding and analyzed for chromosomal abnormalities in fetal tissue. Chorionic villi may also be assessed by chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA). For this purpose, a method for extraction of high‐quality DNA from CVS tissue is also described here. Curr. Protoc. Hum. Genet. 75:8.3.1‐8.3.9. © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Diagnosing Lysosomal Storage Disorders: Pompe Disease
Authors: Bodamer Olaf A. , Dajnoki Angela 
Published: October 2012

AbstractPompe disease is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by a deficiency of acid alpha glucosidase (GAA). Diagnosis of Pompe disease is typically based on an enzyme analysis of blood or tissues, such as fibroblasts, followed by confirmation through molecular testing. The advent of fluorometric and mass spectrometry methods for enzyme analysis in dried blood spots (DBS) has simplified the diagnostic approach for Pompe disease, facilitating high‐throughput screening of at‐risk populations and newborn infants. The following unit will provide the detailed analytical protocol for measurement of GAA activity in DBS using tandem mass spectrometry. Curr. Protoc. Hum. Genet. 75:17.11.1‐17.11.6. © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Photoinduced Hole Transfer Becomes Suppressed with Diminished Driving Force in Polymer‐Fullerene Solar Cells While Electron Transfer Remains Active
Authors: Ren Guoqiang , Schlenker Cody W. , Ahmed Eilaf , Subramaniyan Selvam , Olthof Selina , Kahn Antoine , Ginger David S. , Jenekhe Samson A. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractDevice performance and photoinduced charge transfer are studied in donor/acceptor blends of the oxidation‐resistant conjugated polymer poly[(4,8‐bis(2‐hexyldecyl)oxy)benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene)‐2,6‐diyl‐alt‐(2,5‐bis(3‐dodecylthiophen‐2‐yl)benzo[1,2‐d;4,5‐d′]bisthiazole)] (PBTHDDT) with the following fullerene acceptors: [6,6]‐phenyl‐C71‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM); [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM); and the indene‐C60 bis‐adduct IC60BA). Power conversion efficiency improves from 1.52% in IC60BA‐based solar cells to 3.75% in PC71BM‐based devices. Photoinduced absorption (PIA) of the PBTHDDT:fullerene blends suggests that exciting the donor polymer leads to long‐lived positive polarons on the polymer and negative polarons on the fullerene in all three polymer fullerene blends. Selective excitation of the fullerene in PC71BM or PC61BM blends also generates long‐lived polarons. In contrast, no discernible PIA features are observed when selectively exciting the fullerene in a PBTHDDT/IC60BA blend. A relatively small driving force of ca. 70 meV appears to sustain charge separation via photoinduced hole transfer from photoexcited PC61BM to the polymer. The decreased driving force for photoinduced hole transfer in the IC60BA blend effectively turns off hole transfer from IC60BA excitons to the host polymer, even while electron transfer from the polymer to the IC60BA remains active. Suppressed hole transfer from fullerene excitons is a potentially important consideration for materials design and device engineering of organic solar cells.
The Relationship of Solid‐State Plasticity to Mechanochromic Luminescence in Difluoroboron Avobenzone Polymorphs
Authors: Krishna Gamidi Rama , Kiran Mangalampalli S. R. N. , Fraser Cassandra L. , Ramamurty Upadrasta , Reddy Chilla Malla 
Published: October 2012

AbstractIn solid‐state mechanochromic luminescence (ML) materials, it remains a challenge to establish the origin of fluorescence color changes upon mechanical action and to determine why only some fluorophores exhibit ML behavior. The study of mechanical properties by nanoindentation, followed by ML experiments on green‐ and cyan‐emitting polymorphs of difluoroboron avobenzone reveals that upon smearing, the plastically deformable cyan form shows a prominent color change to yellow, while in the harder green form the redshifted emission is barely detectable. Crystal structure analysis reveals the presence of slip planes in the softer cyan form that can facilitate the formation of recoverable and low energy defects in the structure. Hence, the cyan form exhibits prominent and reversible ML behavior. This suggests a potential design strategy for efficient ML materials.
32 × 32 Crossbar Array Resistive Memory Composed of a Stacked Schottky Diode and Unipolar Resistive Memory
Authors: Kim Gun Hwan , Lee Jong Ho , Ahn Youngbae , Jeon Woojin , Song Seul Ji , Seok Jun Yeong , Yoon Jung Ho , Yoon Kyung Jean , Park Tae Joo , Hwang Cheol Seong 
Published: October 2012

AbstractVarious array types of 1‐diode and 1‐resistor stacked crossbar array (1D1R CA) devices composed of a Schottky diode (SD) (Pt/TiO2/Ti/Pt) and a resistive switching (RS) memory cell (Pt/TiO2/Pt) are fabricated and their performances are investigated. The unit cell of the 1D1R CA device shows high RS resistance ratio (≈103 at 1.5 V) between low and high resistance state (LRS and HRS), and high rectification ratio (≈105) between LRS and reverse‐state SD. It also shows a short RS time of <50 ns for SET (resistance transition from HRS to LRS), and ≈600 ns for RESET (resistance transition from LRS to HRS), as well as stable RS endurance and data retention characteristics. It is experimentally confirmed that the selected unit cell in HRS (logically the “off” state) is stably readable when it is surrounded by unselected LRS (logically the “on” state) cells, in an array of up to 32 × 32 cells. The SD, as a highly non‐linear resistor, appropriately controls the conducting path formation during the switching and protects the memory element from the noise during retention.
Large Area Self‐Assembly of Nematic Liquid‐Crystal‐Functionalized Gold Nanorods
Authors: Umadevi S. , Feng Xiang , Hegmann Torsten 
Published: October 2012

AbstractFascinating nematic‐ and smectic‐like self‐assembled arrays are observed for gold nanorods partially capped with either laterally or terminally attached nematic liquid crystals upon slow evaporation of an organic solvent on TEM grids. These arrays can be manipulated and reoriented by applying an external magnetic field from quasi‐planar to vertical similar to a Fréedericksz transition of common organic nematic liquid crystals. Birefringence and thin film textures of these self‐assembled gold nanorod arrays observed by polarized optical microscopy are strongly reminiscent of common organic nematic liquid crystal textures between crossed polarizers and, additionally, support the formation of ordered liquid crystal‐like anisotropic superstructures. The ordering within these arrays is also confirmed in bulk samples using small angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS).
Understanding the Role of Thermal Processing in High Performance Solution Processed Small Molecule Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells
Authors: Leong Wei Lin , Welch Gregory C. , Seifter Jason , Seo Jung Hwa , Bazan Guillermo C. , Heeger Alan J. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractTwo similar structural versions of a molecular donor, in which two terminal hexyl‐substituted bithiophene units are connected to a central dithienosilole (DTS) through electron deficient thiadiazolopyridine (PT) units, and which differ only in the position of pyridyl N‐atoms, were explored to study the interplay of crystallization and vertical phase segregation as a result of annealing. The donor materials exhibit greatly contrasting photovoltaic performance despite similarity in molecule structure. The difference in position of the pyridal N‐atom which points away (distal configuration; compound 1) or towards (proximal configuration; compound 2) from the DTS core, modifies the aggregation/molecular packing in the solid state, resulting in differences in the phase segregation and formation of crystalline domains. A systematic study of the temperature dependence of photovoltaic performance reveals a parameter trade‐off: as annealing temperature increases, higher donor crystallinity and ordering results, but increased donor segregation near the surface or decrease in electrode selectivity also occurs, resulting in increased interfacial recombination and hence reduction in open‐circuit voltage (Voc). The higher crystalline nature of 2 is found to have a higher impact on cell performance despite a competing undesired effect at the donor/aluminum cathode interface, contributing to its superior performance to 1 when blended with [6,6]phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM). Molecule 2 exhibits a performance increase of a factor of two after thermal annealing at 100 °C, achieving a power conversion efficiency of 5.7%.