bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unexpected co-linearity of Hox gene expression in an aculiferan mollusk
Authors: Fritsch M. , Wollesen T. , de Oliveira A.L. , Wanninger A. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundMollusca is an extremely diverse animal phylum that includes the aculiferans (worm-like aplacophorans and eight-shelled polyplacophorans) and their sister group, the conchiferans, comprising monoplacophorans, bivalves (clams, mussels), gastropods (snails, slugs), scaphopods (tusk shells) and cephalopods (squids, octopuses). Studies on mollusks have revealed an overall number of 11 Hox genes in seven out of eight molluscan “class”-level taxa, but expression data of key developmental regulators such as homeotic genes are only available for three gastropod and two cephalopod species. These show that Hox genes are involved in the formation of specific features including shell, foot, funnel or tentacles and not in antero-posterior body plan patterning as in most other bilaterian animals. The role of Hox genes in non-conchiferan (i.e., aculiferan) mollusks remains entirely unknown.ResultsHere we present the first data on the expression of seven Hox genes in apolyplacophoran mollusk,Acanthochitona crinita. InA. crinitathe Hox genesAcr-Hox1-5,Hox7andPost2are expressed in a co-linear pattern along the antero-posterior axis, but not in molluscan-specific features such as the shell or the foot. The expression pattern is restricted to the post-trochal region and the transcripts are present in ecto-, endo- and mesodermal cell layers. Contrary to the situation in gastropods and cephalopods, we did neither find Hox gene expression in distinct neural subsets ofA. crinita, nor in its developing shell plates.ConclusionsOur analysis and comparison with other lophotrochozoans indicate that the basal role of Hox genes is in antero-posterior axis patterning in mollusks, similar to the vast majority of bilaterian animals, and that this role has been conserved in polyplacophorans, while co-option into patterning of evolutionary novelties emerged either at the base of Conchifera or independently in gastropods and cephalopods. These morphological innovations most likely contributed to the evolutionary success of its representatives, as exemplified by, e.g., the wide ecological range and species richness of gastropods.
Modulation of Aβ42 in vivo by γ-secretase modulator in primates and humans
Authors: Ling I-Fang , Golde Todd E. , Galasko Douglas R. , Koo Edward H. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Ibuprofen is one of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that have been shown to selectively lower pathogenic amyloid beta-peptide (Aβ)42 without impairing overall γ-secretase activity in vitro. This γ-secretase modulator (GSM) activity has been hypothesized to contribute to the reduction in risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease in chronic users of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. However, it is unclear whether ibuprofen, within therapeutic dosing range, demonstrates GSM activity in humans. In this study, we evaluated the effects of ibuprofen and a second-generation GSM, GSM-1, on Aβ levels in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma of young nonhuman primates and humans.

Methods
Five to seven conscious cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were nontreated or treated with 30 mg/kg GSM-1 or 50 or 100 mg/kg ibuprofen and the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid were sampled at −8, 0 (baseline or right before treatment), 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 h postdosing. In addition, sixteen healthy human subjects were randomly assigned to receive either placebo or 800 mg ibuprofen given by intravenous administration and plasma were collected at 0 (before drug infusion), 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 24 h after dosing.

Results
A single dose of GSM-1 (30 mg/kg) decreased the ratio of Aβ42 to Aβ40 to 60 % in plasma and the ratio of Aβ42 to total Aβ to 65 % in cerebrospinal fluid from baseline to postdosing in monkeys. However, no significant changes were detected following ibuprofen treatment at 100 mg/kg. Consistent with the results from nonhuman primates, ibuprofen did not alter plasma Aβ levels in human volunteers after a single 800 mg dose.

Conclusions
GSM-1 exerted potent lowering of the ratio of Aβ42 to Aβ40 in nonhuman primates but the hypothesized GSM activity of ibuprofen could not be demonstrated in nonhuman primates and humans after acute dosing.
High-resolution gravity and geoid models in Tahiti obtained from new airborne and land gravity observations: data fusion by spectral combination
Authors: Shih Hsuan-Chang , Hwang Cheinway , Barriot Jean-Pierre , Mouyen Maxime , Corréia Pascal , Lequeux Didier , Sichoix Lydie 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
For the first time, we carry out an airborne gravity survey and we collect new land gravity data over the islands of Tahiti and Moorea in French Polynesia located in the South Pacific Ocean. The new land gravity data are registered with GPS-derived coordinates, network-adjusted and outlier-edited, resulting in a mean standard error of 17 μGal. A crossover analysis of the airborne gravity data indicates a mean gravity accuracy of 1.7 mGal. New marine gravity around the two islands is derived from Geosat/GM, ERS-1/GM, Jason-1/GM, and Cryosat-2 altimeter data. A new 1-s digital topography model is constructed and is used to compute the topographic gravitational effects. To use EGM08 over Tahiti and Moorea, the optimal degree of spherical harmonic expansion is 1500. The fusion of the gravity datasets is made by the band-limited least-squares collocation, which best integrates datasets of different accuracies and spatial resolutions. The new high-resolution gravity and geoid grids are constructed on a 9-s grid. Assessments of the grids by measurements of ground gravity and geometric geoidal height result in RMS differences of 0.9 mGal and 0.4 cm, respectively. The geoid model allows 1-cm orthometric height determination by GPS and Lidar and yields a consistent height datum for Tahiti and Moorea. The new Bouguer anomalies show gravity highs and lows in the centers and land-sea zones of the two islands, allowing further studies of the density structure and volcanism in the region.
Germ Cell Cancer and Multiple Relapses: Toxicity and Survival
Authors: Lauritsen Jakob , Kier Maria G.G. , Mortensen Mette S. , Bandak Mikkel , Gupta Ramneek , Holm Niels V. , Agerbaek Mads , Daugaard Gedske 
Published: August 2015

Purpose A small number of patients with germ cell cancer (GCC) receive more than one line of treatment for disseminated disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate late toxicity and survival in an unselected cohort of patients who experienced relapse after receiving first-line treatment for disseminated disease. Methods From the Danish Testicular Cancer database, we identified all patients who received more than one line of treatment for disseminated disease. Information about late toxicity and mortality was obtained by means of linkage to national registers. Prognostic factors for relapse and death were identified and compared with the International Prognostic Factors Study Group (IPFSG) classification. Results In total, 268 patients received more than one line of treatment for disseminated GCC. Approximately half of patients (n = 136) died as a result of GCC. The 132 remaining patients, compared with patients treated with only orchiectomy, had an increased risk for a second cancer (hazard ratio [HR], 3.2; 95% CI, 1.9 to 5.5), major cardiovascular disease (HR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.0 to 3.3), pulmonary disease (HR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.0 to 3.8), GI disease (HR, 7.3; 95% CI, 3.6 to 14.8), renal impairment (HR, 8.3; 95% CI, 3.0 to 23.2), neurologic disorders (HR, 6.3; 95% CI, 3.1 to 12.6), and death as a result of other causes (HR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.6 to 4.2). In large part, the IPFSG classification was confirmed in our population; however, we could not confirm the primary site and the level of human chorionic gonadotropin as independent factors. We identified increasing age as a possible new prognostic factor for treatment failure after second-line treatment (HR, 1.2 per 10 years; 95% CI, 1.2 to 15). Conclusion Patients with GCC who survive after more than one line of treatment for disseminated disease have a highly increased risk of late toxicity and death as a result of causes other than GCC. Therefore, they should be candidates for life-long follow-up. The IPFSG classification was confirmed in this unselected population.
Risk Factors for Melanoma Among Survivors of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Lam Clara J.K. , Curtis Rochelle E. , Dores Graça M. , Engels Eric A. , Caporaso Neil E. , Polliack Aaron , Warren Joan L. , Young Heather A. , Levine Paul H. , Elmi Angelo F. , Fraumeni Joseph F. , Tucker Margaret A. , Morton Lindsay M. 
Published: August 2015

Purpose Previous studies have reported that survivors of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) have an increased risk of developing cutaneous melanoma; however, risks associated with specific treatments and immune-related risk factors have not been quantified. Patients and Methods We evaluated second melanoma risk among 44,870 1-year survivors of first primary NHL diagnosed at age 66 to 83 years from 1992 to 2009 and included in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare database. Information on NHL treatments, autoimmune diseases, and infections was derived from Medicare claims. Results A total of 202 second melanoma cases occurred among survivors of NHL, including 91 after chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL) and 111 after other NHL subtypes (cumulative incidence by age 85 years: CLL/SLL, 1.37%; other NHL subtypes, 0.78%). Melanoma risk after CLL/SLL was significantly increased among patients who received infused fludarabine-containing chemotherapy with or without rituximab (n = 18: hazard ratio [HR], 1.92; 95% CI, 1.09 to 3.40; n = 10: HR, 2.92; 95% CI, 1.42 to 6.01, respectively). Significantly elevated risks also were associated with T-cell activating autoimmune diseases diagnosed before CLL/SLL (n = 36: HR, 2.27; 95% CI, 1.34 to 3.84) or after CLL/SLL (n = 49: HR, 2.92; 95% CI, 1.66 to 5.12). In contrast, among patients with other NHL subtypes, melanoma risk was not associated with specific treatments or with T-cell/B-cell immune conditions. Generally, infections were not associated with melanoma risk, except for urinary tract infections (CLL/SLL), localized scleroderma, pneumonia, and gastrohepatic infections (other NHLs). Conclusion Our findings suggest immune perturbation may contribute to the development of melanoma after CLL/SLL. Increased vigilance is warranted among survivors of NHL to maximize opportunities for early detection of melanoma.
Quality of Life and Cost-Effectiveness Assessment of Radioiodine Ablation Strategies in Patients With Thyroid Cancer: Results From the Randomized Phase III ESTIMABL Trial
Authors: Borget Isabelle , Bonastre Julia , Catargi Bogdan , Déandréis Désirée , Zerdoud Slimane , Rusu Daniela , Bardet Stéphane , Leenhardt Laurence , Bastie Delphine , Schvartz Claire , Vera Pierre , Morel Olivier , Benisvy Daniele , Bournaud Claire , Bonichon Francoise , Kelly Antony , Toubert Marie-Elisabeth , Leboulleux Sophie , Journeau Florence , Benhamou Ellen , Schlumberger Martin 
Published: August 2015

Purpose In the ESTIMABL phase III trial, the thyroid ablation rate was equivalent for the two thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) stimulation methods (thyroid hormone withdrawal [THW] and recombinant human TSH [rhTSH]) and the two iodine-131 (131I) activities (1.1 or 3.7 GBq). The objectives of this article were to present health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) results and a cost-effectiveness evaluation performed alongside this trial. Patients and Methods HRQoL and utility were longitudinally assessed, from random assignment to the follow-up visit at 8 ± 2 months for the 752 patients with thyroid cancer, using the Short Form-36 and the EuroQoL-5D questionnaires, respectively. A cost-effectiveness analysis was performed from the societal perspective in the French context. Resource use (hospitalization for 131I administration, rhTSH, sick leaves, and transportation) was collected prospectively. We used the net monetary benefit approach and computed cost-effectiveness acceptability curves for both TSH stimulation methods and 131I activities. Sensitivity analyses of the costs of rhTSH were performed. Results At 131I administration, THW caused a clinically significant deterioration of HRQoL, whereas HRQoL remained stable with rhTSH. This deterioration was transient with no difference 3 months later. rhTSH was more effective than THW in terms of quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs; +0.013 QALY/patient) but more expensive (+€474/patient). The probability that rhTSH would be cost effective at a €50,000/QALY threshold was 47% in France. The use of 1.1 GBq of 131I instead of 3.7 GBq reduced per-patient costs by €955 (US$1,018) but with slightly decreased efficacy (−0.007 QALY/patient). Conclusion rhTSH avoids the transient THW-induced deterioration of HRQoL but is unlikely to be cost effective at its current price.
The Effect of Glucose on the Release and Bioactivity of Exosomes From First Trimester Trophoblast Cells
Authors: Rice Gregory E. , Scholz-Romero Katherin , Sweeney Emma , Peiris Hassendrini , Kobayashi Miharu , Duncombe Gregory , Mitchell Murray D. , Salomon Carlos 
Published: August 2015

Context:
Hyperglycemia and hypoxia are risk factors of metabolic complication during pregnancy. The interactions between oxygen and glucose-sensing pathways that regulate exosome bioactivity from placental cells, however, have not been established.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that exosomal signaling by placental cells (defined as the number of exosomes released per unit time and their bioactivity) is responsive to extracellular glucose concentration.

Methods:
First-trimester primary trophoblast cells were incubated with D-glucose (5 mM or 25 mM) under 1%, 3%, or 8% O2 for 48 hours. Exosomes were isolated from cell-conditioned media by differential and buoyant density centrifugation. The total number of exosome vesicles was determined by quantifying immunoreactive exosomal CD63. The effect of exosomes on cytokine (granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6. IL-8, IL-10, interferon-γ, and TNF-α) release from endothelial cells was established by a protein solution array analysis.

Results:
Glucose (25 mM) significantly increased the release of exosomes from trophoblast cells at all oxygen tensions tested (by approximately 2-fold when compared with controls, P &lt; .001). Exosomes (100 μg/mL exosomal protein) released from trophoblast cells significantly increased (P &lt; .05) the release of all cytokines from human umbilical vein endothelial cells when compared with the control (ie, cells without exosomes), with the exception of IL-2 and IL-10 (P &gt; .05).

Conclusions:
The effects of high glucose on exosomes bioactivity may be recapitulated in vivo and is of clinical relevance in association with maternal insulin resistance (resulting in hyperglycemia) and preeclampsia (associated with placental insufficiency and hypoxia).
Detection of Toxic Gases with Graphyne Nanotubes: A Density Functional Theory Study
Authors: Karami Alireza , Majidi Roya 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
We have used density functional theory to investigate the possibility of using graphyne nanotubes for the detection of toxic gases such as formaldehyde and hydrogen sulfide. The effect of these gases on the electronic properties of zigzag nanotubes formed based on α-graphyne is studied. The large adsorption distance, small adsorption energy, and small charge transfer indicate physisorption of formaldehyde and hydrogen sulfide on the graphyne nanotubes. It is found a considerable effect on the electronic properties of graphyne nanotubes due to charge transfer from the molecules to the nanotubes. The zigzag α-graphyne nanotubes with semiconducting properties become n-type semiconductors with the adsorption of formaldehyde and hydrogen sulfide. Our results show that the α-graphyne nanotubes are promising materials for the detection of toxic gases.
Stepwise Binding of Two Azide Ions to the O2-reduction Site of Bovine Heart Cytochrome c Oxidase Shown by Resonance Raman Analyses
Authors: Hikita Masahide , Yamamoto Akima , Shinzawa-Itoh Kyoko , Ogura Takashi , Yoshikawa Shinya 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
In efforts to probe the function of the O2-reduction site of bovine heart resting oxidized cytochrome c oxidase, highly sensitive resonance Raman analyses of azide binding to the O2-reduction site show that azide is simultaneously accessible to Fe and Cu ions in the O2-reduction site. This indicates that the site has spatial multiplicity for accepting significantly larger external ligands than expected from its X-ray structure. This could contribute to the accurate coupling between the O2 reduction and the proton pump.
Pro-apoptotic Peptide Amphiphile Self-assembled with the Assistance of Polycations
Authors: Ikeda Masato , Kawakami Maika , Kitade Yukio 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Herein, we describe how a peptide amphiphile, consisting of a pro-apoptotic peptide and a hydrophobic tail connected by a reduction-responsive cleavable spacer, forms self-assembled nanostructures. In the presence of polycations, this amphiphile exhibits loosely entangled nanofiber morphology with a length of several hundred nanometers.
Refractive Index Modulation by Tunable Thermal Rearrangement of Polycyanurates
Authors: Tsuchiya Kousuke , Ishida Yoshihito , Higashihara Tomoya , Kameyama Atsushi , Ueda Mitsuru 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Polycyanurates from 2,4-dichloro-6-methoxy-1,3,5-triazine with bisphenol A or 9,9-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)fluorene were subjected to thermal treatment under argon to induce the thermal rearrangement of the polycyanurates into the corresponding polyisocyanurates. Thermally rearranged polymers with a wide range of conversions were prepared by simply changing the thermal treatment time. It was found that the refractive index of the thermally rearranged polymer was tunable by adjusting the conversion of the thermal rearrangement. A significant increase in the refractive index, up to 0.0513, was achieved by the thermal rearrangement of polycyanurate containing a fluorene structure in the main chain.
Women's perceptions of perineal repair as an aspect of normal childbirth
Authors: Thompson Sarah , Walsh Denis 
Published: August 2015

Aims and objectives: The purpose of the study was to explore women's perceptions of perineal repair as an aspect of normal childbirth. Design: The study design was qualitative and used interpretive phenomenology. Participants: 11 nulliparous women were recruited. Of these, 10 sustained a 2nd degree tear and one had a posterior vaginal wall tear. All care was undertaken by midwives. Results: Women accept perineal repair when it is managed correctly, their satisfaction is improved when they are given relevant information. Women place as much significance on the lead up antenatally and their recovery afterwards as they do to physically being sutured. Conclusion: Antenatal services fail to adequately inform about perineal repair and women's preconceptions are affected by their peers. The transition to motherhood for women who feel fully informed is smoother. Women with unresolved questions about their repair, tend complain of increased pain, make unnecessary alterations to everyday hygiene tasks and rely more on their partners.
What do service users want and who cares?
Authors: Power Alison 
Published: August 2015

The NHS Constitution ( Department of Health (DH), 2013a ) sets out the principles and values of the NHS in England: care should be planned and provided in partnership with service users and their families and this patient-focused approach should be of a consistently high quality with respect, dignity, compassion and care as core values. The newly updated Code ( Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC), 2015 ) concurs with this philosophy by stating the interests of service users must come first by ensuring their privacy, dignity and confidentiality are preserved and their needs are recognised, assessed and met. Furthermore, the introduction of revalidation ( NMC, 2015 ) to replace the post-registration education and practice (Prep) standards ( NMC, 2011 ) includes the requirement for midwives to demonstrate to the NMC on a regular basis that they continue to remain fit to practise. This will, in part, be evidenced by written reflective accounts, based on the requirements of the Code, using feedback from service users, patients, relatives, colleagues and others ( NMC, 2015 ). This article will provide a definition of a service user in the context of maternity services and outline current policy and professional body requirements in relation to service user involvement in care. It will assess the literature with regards to service user expectations of ‘a good midwife’ and the Friends and Family Test (FFT) ( NHS England, 2015 ) to consider the relationship between policy, practice and service user experiences and expectations.
A comparative investigation of personality traits between two allied health professions: Occupational therapy and physiotherapy
Authors: McCombie Randy P , O'Connor Shelby S , Schumacher Sarah D 
Published: August 2015

Background/Aims: In a health care climate that promotes interprofessional collaboration, it is not uncommon for specialists of varying professions to work side by side to provide high-quality patient care. However, it is possible for such working relationships to not always run smoothly, secondary to underlying personality differences. The objective of this study was to explore similarities and differences in targeted personality traits between occupational therapists (OTs) and physiotherapists (PTs). Methods: A total of 300 therapists, 150 from each profession, were selected randomly from membership listings in their respective national associations. All participants were sent a multi-page questionnaire focusing on an assessment of personality traits based on the Big Five Inventory, along with rating scales for traits of assertiveness and empathy. Results: Responses from 121 therapists (40.3%) were received. Analyses revealed similarities between OTs and PTs in self-ratings of conscientiousness, extraversion and neuroticism. However, differences were found between the two groups for the traits of agreeableness and openness, with OTs rating themselves higher than PTs on both traits. In regard to the two additional traits of assertiveness and empathy, OTs and PTs rated PTs higher than OTs in assertiveness, while both OTs and PTs rated OTs higher than PTs in empathy. Within the groups, OTs rated themselves as more empathetic than assertive, while PTs tended to rate themselves equally high in both empathy and assertiveness. Conclusions: There appears to be some degree of overlap and some degree of distinct variation between personality traits of members of the two professions. Discussion suggests that differences in trait ratings are in part due to individual differences but are also impacted by variations in prerequisite and professional academic coursework and training.