bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monitoring the endogenous steroid profile disruption in urine and blood upon nandrolone administration: An efficient and innovative strategy to screen for nandrolone abuse in entire male horses
Authors: Kaabia Z. , Dervilly‐Pinel G. , Popot M.A. , Bailly‐Chouriberry L. , Plou P. , Bonnaire Y. , Le Bizec B. 
Published: August 2013

Nandrolone (17β‐hydroxy‐4‐estren‐3‐one) is amongst the most misused endogenous steroid hormones in entire male horses. The detection of such a substance is challenging with regard to its endogenous presence. The current international threshold level for nandrolone misuse is based on the urinary concentration ratio of 5α‐estrane‐3β,17α‐diol (EAD) to 5(10)‐estrene‐3β,17α‐diol (EED). This ratio, however, can be influenced by a number of factors due to existing intra‐ and inter‐variability standing, respectively, for the variation occurring in endogenous steroids concentration levels in a single subject and the variation in those same concentration levels observed between different subjects.Targeting an efficient detection of nandrolone misuse in entire male horses, an analytical strategy was set up in order to profile a group of endogenous steroids in nandrolone‐treated and non‐treated equines. Experiment plasma and urine samples were steadily collected over more than three months from a stallion administered with nandrolone laurate (1 mg/kg). Control plasma and urine samples were collected monthly from seven non‐treated stallions over a one‐year period. A large panel of steroids of interest (n = 23) were extracted from equine urine and plasma samples using a C18 cartridge. Following a methanolysis step, liquid‐liquid and solid‐phase extractions purifications were performed before derivatization and analysis on gas chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (GC‐MS/MS) for quantification. Statistical processing of the collected data permitted to establish statistical models capable of discriminating control samples from those collected during the three months following administration. Furthermore, these statistical models succeeded in predicting the compliance status of additional samples collected from racing horses. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Contributions to “E‐Taxonomy” – A virtual approach to the flora of Mongolia (FloraGREIF)
Authors: Rilke Sabrina , Najmi Ulrike , Schnittler Martin 
Published: August 2013

AbstractFloraGreif has been developed to be a fast, searchable information system about the flora of Mongolia, uniting components of an e‐Flora and a digital herbarium. It contains basic botanical, ecological and geographic data for the approximately 2800 Mongolian vascular plants. Specimen records are documented by location descriptions and additional image data (scans of herbarium specimens, photos of living plants) which can be used for taxonomic revision and chorological analysis.Currently, 2871 species of vascular plants are known to occur in Mongolia. For nearly all species, the distribution in Mongolia, habitat requirements, and red‐list status are given. More than 800 species have been treated comparatively with a short description. 1151 species are represented by at least one record (location description, herbarium specimen, and/or images of living plants). At the moment (January 2013), 1220 species are represented by at least one scan of a herbarium specimen, 1427 species are represented by records, and 725 species by photos of living plants.Specific search algorithms and navigation structures allow a targeted search for individual species or the output of species lists for particular regions or habitats. The open‐source approach of the web portal makes it possible to transfer the system to other regions of the world. The virtual approach to the Flora of Mongolia also provides access to extensive herbarium collections, enabling their use for future research. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Glandular trichomes, histochemical localization of secretion, and essential oil composition in Plectranthus grandidentatus growing in Portugal
Authors: Mota Luísa , Figueiredo Ana Cristina , Pedro Luis G. , Barroso José G. , Ascensão Lia 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTGlandular trichomes and essential oils of Plectranthus grandidentatus grown in Portugal were studied for the first time. Trichome types and their distribution pattern were investigated by light and scanning electron microscopy. Three distinct types of glandular trichomes were described on the vegetative organs. Peltate trichomes, confined to the leaf abaxial surface, showed an orange–brownish characteristic colour and never developed a large subcuticular space. Digitiform and capitate trichomes were distributed on both leaf surfaces, the last being divided in two subtypes according to the dimension of the head, length of stalk and secretion process. In addition to these trichome types, flowers also exhibit uncommon conoidal glandular trichomes. Histochemical characterization of secretion revealed the presence of terpenoids and flavonoids as main constituents. Essential oils, isolated by hydrodistillation of aerial organs, harvested at the four calendar‐based seasons, were analysed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The oils with a dark–orange colour and agreeable odour were obtained in yields that ranged from 0.2 to 0.5% (v/d.w.). Sesquiterpenes constituted the dominant fraction (69–79%), β‐caryophyllene (9–13%) and δ‐cadinene (5–7%) being the most abundant hydrocarbons in all oils and β‐caryophyllene oxide (4–8%) and 14‐hydroxy‐9‐epi‐(E)‐caryophyllene (4–6%) the major oxygen‐containing compounds. The monoterpene fraction did not exceed 13%, oxygen‐containing diterpenes attained lower percentages (1–9%), and phenylpropanoids were only present in trace amounts. The essential oils isolated from plants collected during the vegetative phase (winter and spring) showed a similar chemical profile, while that isolated from plants harvested in summer, resembled the one obtained from plants in the flowering phase collected in autumn. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oxytocin influences avoidant reactions to social threat in adults with borderline personality disorder
Authors: Brüne Martin , Ebert Andreas , Kolb Meike , Tas Cumhur , Edel Marc‐Andreas , Roser Patrik 
Published: August 2013

BackgroundBorderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by interpersonal dysfunction, emotional instability, impulsivity, and risk‐taking behavior. Recent research has focused on the role of oxytocin in BPD, with mixed results as regards the processing of social stimuli.MethodsIn a double‐blind randomized placebo‐controlled study, 13 BPD patients and 13 controls performed a dot probe task to examine attentional biases to happy and angry faces after intranasal application of oxytocin or placebo. Childhood trauma was examined using the childhood trauma questionnaire.ResultsIn the placebo condition, patients with BPD (but not controls) showed an avoidant reaction to angry faces (but not happy faces). The strength of the avoidant reaction correlated with the severity of childhood trauma. This behavioral response (as well as the correlation) was abolished in the oxytocin condition.ConclusionsAdult patients with BPD show an avoidant response to social threat, a reaction that is linked with traumatic experiences during childhood. This response pattern is altered by oxytocin, possibly by reducing stress and inhibiting social withdrawal from distressing social stimuli. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Few‐view image reconstruction combining total variation and a high‐order norm
Authors: Zhang Yi , Zhang Wei‐Hua , Chen Hu , Yang Meng‐Long , Li Tai‐Yong , Zhou Ji‐Liu 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTThis work presents a novel computed tomography reconstruction method for few‐view problem based on a compound method. To overcome the disadvantages of total variation (TV) minimization method, we use a high‐order norm coupled within TV and the numerical scheme for our method is given. We use the root mean square error as a referee. The numerical experiments demonstrate that our method achieves better performance than existing reconstruction methods, including filtered back projection, expectation maximization, and TV with projection on convex sets. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 23, 249–255, 2013
Dilated intracranial translucency and blake's pouch cyst: First‐trimester ultrasound markers of occipital cephalocele diagnosed using novel three‐dimensional reslicing technique
Authors: Tonni Gabriele , Grisolia Giampaolo 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTAbnormal intracranial translucency (IT) (fourth ventricle) and a Blake's pouch cyst with normal brain stem cavity may be valuable first‐trimester call signs of defects in the skull base. Here, we report a case of presumptive two‐dimensional sonographic diagnosis of occipital cephalocele that was posed at the time of 11–13 weeks aneuploidy scan. The two‐dimensional sonographic finding elicited a detailed fetal neuroscan that was performed using either multiplanar mode or a novel three‐dimensional reslicing and lightening technique. The use of three‐dimensional sonographic software and offline “navigation” within the volume of interest enabled operators to capture a diagnostic snapshot of the condition, enhancing quality imaging and early detection of the encephalic lesion. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 42:157–161, 2014
Mullerian cyst of the uterus misdiagnosed as ovarian cyst on pelvic sonography
Authors: Lui Man‐Wa , Ngu Siew‐Fei , Cheung Vincent Y.T. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTMullerian cyst of the uterus, also known as endosalpingiosis, is rare and often can be misdiagnosed as adnexal cyst on pelvic sonography. A 47‐year‐old woman was referred for an incidental finding of a right adnexal mass on pelvic sonography, suspected to be an ovarian cyst. During laparoscopy, a pedunculated cystic mass arising from the right anterior uterine wall was seen. The mass was resected laparoscopically and histologic examination showed a benign Mullerian cyst of the uterus. Diagnosis of Mullerian cyst of the uterus can be challenging. However, with increased awareness, preoperative diagnosis of this condition should be possible sonographically. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 42:183–184, 2014
Ionospheric disturbances induced by a missile launched from North Korea on 12 December 2012
Authors: Kakinami Yoshihiro , Yamamoto Masayuki , Chen Chia‐Hung , Watanabe Shigeto , Lin Charles , Liu Jenn‐Yanq , Habu Hiroto 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIonospheric disturbances caused by a missile launched from North Korea on 12 December 2012 were investigated by using the GPS total electron content (TEC). The spatial characteristic of the front edge of V‐shaped disturbances produced by missiles and rockets was first determined. Considering the launch direction and the height of estimated ionospheric points at which GPS radio signal pierces the ionosphere, the missile passed through the ionosphere at heights of 391, 425, and 435 km at 0056:30, 0057:00, and 0057:30 UT, respectively. The observed velocities of the missile were 2.8 and 3.2 km/s at that time, which was estimated from the traveling speed of the front edge of V‐shaped disturbances. Westward and eastward V‐shaped disturbances propagated at 1.8–2.6 km/s. The phase velocities of the westward and eastward V‐shaped disturbances were much faster than the speed of acoustic waves reported in previous studies, suggesting that sources other than acoustic waves may have played an important role. Furthermore, the plasma density depletion that is often observed following missile and rocket launches was not found. This suggests that the depletion resulting from the missile's exhaust was not strong enough to be observed in the TEC distribution in the topside ionosphere.
Clustering of velocities in a GPS network spanning the Sierra Nevada Block, the Northern Walker Lane Belt, and the Central Nevada Seismic Belt, California‐Nevada
Authors: Savage J. C. , Simpson R. W. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe deformation across the Sierra Nevada Block, the Walker Lane Belt, and the Central Nevada Seismic Belt (CNSB) between 38.5°N and 40.5°N has been analyzed by clustering GPS velocities to identify coherent blocks. Cluster analysis determines the number of clusters required and assigns the GPS stations to the proper clusters. The clusters are shown on a fault map by symbols located at the positions of the GPS stations, each symbol representing the cluster to which the velocity of that GPS station belongs. Fault systems that separate the clusters are readily identified on such a map. Four significant clusters are identified. Those clusters are strips separated by (from west to east) the Mohawk Valley‐Genoa fault system, the Pyramid Lake‐Wassuk fault system, and the Central Nevada Seismic Belt. The strain rates within the westernmost three clusters approximate simple right‐lateral shear (~13 nstrain/a) across vertical planes roughly parallel to the cluster boundaries. Clustering does not recognize the longitudinal segmentation of the Walker Lane Belt into domains dominated by either northwesterly trending, right‐lateral faults or northeasterly trending, left‐lateral faults.
Aircraft and tower measurements of CO2 concentration in the planetary boundary layer and the lower free troposphere over southern taiga in West Siberia: Long‐term records from 2002 to 2011
Authors: Sasakawa M. , Machida T. , Tsuda N. , Arshinov M. , Davydov D. , Fofonov A. , Krasnov O. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIn situ measurements of the vertical distribution of carbon dioxide (CO2) carried out with a light aircraft over a tower site (Berezorechka; 56°08′45″N, 84°19′49″E) in the taiga region of West Siberia from October 2001 to March 2012 document the detailed seasonal and vertical variation of CO2 concentrations during daytime. The variation appears to be controlled mainly by the CO2 flux from taiga ecosystems and the height of the planetary boundary layer (PBL). We calculated average CO2 concentrations in the PBL and the lower free troposphere (LFT), both of which show clear seasonal cycles and an increasing long‐term trend. Seasonal amplitude in the PBL had a larger value (29 ppm) than that in the LFT (14 ppm), demonstrating strong CO2 source‐sink forcing by the taiga ecosystems. Mean CO2 concentrations during 13:00–17:00 local standard time observed at the four levels of the tower (5, 20, 40, and 80 m) showed lower CO2 concentrations than that observed in the PBL by aircraft during June–August (growing season). This negative bias decreased with increasing inlet height such that the minimum difference appeared at the 80‐m inlet (−2.4 ± 0.8 ppm). No such bias was observed during other months (dormant season). The daytime CO2 flux, based on multiple vertical profiles obtained on a single day, ranged from −36.4 to 3.8 µmol m−2 s−1 during July–September. There was a clear difference in the fluxes between the morning and afternoon, suggesting that these data should be considered examples of fluxes during several daytime hours from the West Siberian taiga.
Impact of volcanic stratospheric aerosols on diurnal temperature range in Europe over the past 200 years: Observations versus model simulations
Authors: Auchmann Renate , Arfeuille Florian , Wegmann Martin , Franke Jörg , Barriendos Mariano , Prohom Marc , Sanchez‐Lorenzo Arturo , Bhend Jonas , Wild Martin , Folini Doris , Štěpánek Petr , Brönnimann Stefan 
Published: August 2013

AbstractWe analyze the impact of stratospheric volcanic aerosols on the diurnal temperature range (DTR) over Europe using long‐term subdaily station records. We compare the results with a 28‐member ensemble of European Centre/Hamburg version 5.4 (ECHAM5.4) general circulation model simulations. Eight stratospheric volcanic eruptions during the instrumental period are investigated. Seasonal all‐ and clear‐sky DTR anomalies are compared with contemporary (approximately 20 year) reference periods. Clear sky is used to eliminate cloud effects and better estimate the signal from the direct radiative forcing of the volcanic aerosols. We do not find a consistent effect of stratospheric aerosols on all‐sky DTR. For clear skies, we find average DTR anomalies of −0.08°C (−0.13°C) in the observations (in the model), with the largest effect in the second winter after the eruption. Although the clear‐sky DTR anomalies from different stations, volcanic eruptions, and seasons show heterogeneous signals in terms of order of magnitude and sign, the significantly negative DTR anomalies (e.g., after the Tambora eruption) are qualitatively consistent with other studies. Referencing with clear‐sky DTR anomalies to the radiative forcing from stratospheric volcanic eruptions, we find the resulting sensitivity to be of the same order of magnitude as previously published estimates for tropospheric aerosols during the so‐called “global dimming” period (i.e., 1950s to 1980s). Analyzing cloud cover changes after volcanic eruptions reveals an increase in clear‐sky days in both data sets. Quantifying the impact of stratospheric volcanic eruptions on clear‐sky DTR over Europe provides valuable information for the study of the radiative effect of stratospheric aerosols and for geo‐engineering purposes.
Antipodal terrains created by the Rheasilvia basin forming impact on asteroid 4 Vesta
Authors: Bowling T. J. , Johnson B. C. , Melosh H. J. , Ivanov B. A. , O'Brien D. P. , Gaskell R. , Marchi S. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe Rheasilvia impact on asteroid 4 Vesta may have been sufficiently large to create disrupted terrains at the impact antipode. This paper investigates the amount of deformation expected at the Rheasilvia antipode using numerical models of sufficient resolution to directly observe terrain modification and material displacements following the arrival of impact stresses. We find that the magnitude and mode of deformation expected at the impact antipode is strongly dependent on both the sound speed and porosity of Vesta's mantle, as well as the strength of the Vestan core. In the case of low mantle porosities and high core strengths, we predict the existence of a topographic high (a peak) caused by the collection of spalled and uplifted material at the antipode. Observations by NASA's Dawn spacecraft cannot provide definite evidence that large amounts of deformation occurred at the Rheasilvia antipode, largely due to the presence of younger large impact craters in the region. However, a deficiency of small craters near the antipodal point suggests that some degree of deformation did occur.
Aggressive behavior of white‐tailed deer at concentrated food sites as affected by population density
Authors: Donohue Robin N. , Hewitt David G. , Fulbright Timothy E. , Deyoung Charles A. , Litt Andrea R. , Draeger Don A. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTConcentrated food sources are used frequently in white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) management and research, but because such food sources are easily defended, aggressive interactions among deer may influence their effectiveness. The objectives of this study were to determine if deer population density or season affect 1) the order or degree of social dominance among different age and sex groups of white‐tailed deer, 2) the rate at which aggressive interactions occur, 3) the severity of interactions, and 4) the extent to which subordinate groups avoid dominant groups. We conducted our study in South Texas using 2 sets of 3, 81‐ha enclosures managed at varying deer population densities. We captured aggressive interactions using digital trail‐cameras placed at sites with spatially concentrated food. We found that bucks ≥2 years of age were dominant over all other age and sex groups in ≥87% of their interactions regardless of deer density or season. The odds of a buck dominating over a doe increased by 10% (95% CI = 0–21%) for each additional deer/km2 during summer, but density had little effect in any other season. Yearling bucks were dominant in 81% (95% CI = 51–100%) of their interactions with does during spring, whereas during other seasons we found no clear order to the dominance hierarchy. Social dominance between yearling bucks and does was not affected by population density. The rate of aggressive interactions increased by 2% (95% CI = 1–3%) for each additional deer/km2 and did not differ by season. Ten percent (95% CI = 6–14%) of interactions involved more violent behaviors that we characterized as severe; this percentage did not change with population density or season. At all population densities, during all seasons, does avoided bucks at sites with concentrated food; however, the degree of avoidance declined with increasing deer density in all seasons except spring. Our results indicate that as population density increases, so do social pressures that may limit access of subordinate age and sex groups to concentrated food sites. Therefore, concentrated food sites are not equally accessible to all age and sex groups of deer and the effectiveness of such sites in deer management and research may become increasingly limited as population density increases. © 2013 The Wildlife Society.
One‐dimensional consolidation with a threshold gradient: a Stefan problem with rate‐dependent latent heat
Authors: Zhou Yang , Bu Wan‐kui , Lu Meng‐meng 
Published: August 2013

SUMMARYDuring the process of one‐dimensional consolidation with a threshold gradient, the seepage front moves downward gradually, and the problem is indicated as a Stefan problem. The novel feature in this Stefan problem is a latent heat that varies inversely with the rate of the moving boundary. An exact solution for the external load that increases in proportion to the square root of time is constructed using the similarity transformation technique. Computational examples concerning the effect of different parameters on the motion of the seepage front are presented. The exact solution provides a worthwhile benchmark for verifying the accuracy of numerical and approximate methods. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
B‐DNA Structure and Stability as Function of Nucleic Acid Composition: Dispersion‐Corrected DFT Study of Dinucleoside Monophosphate Single and Double Strands
Authors: Barone Giampaolo , Fonseca Guerra Célia , Bickelhaupt F. Matthias 
Published: August 2013

AbstractWe have computationally investigated the structure and stability of all 16 combinations of two out of the four natural DNA bases A, T, G and C in a di‐2′‐deoxyribonucleoside‐monophosphate model DNA strand as well as in 10 double‐strand model complexes thereof, using dispersion‐corrected density functional theory (DFT‐D). Optimized geometries with B‐DNA conformation were obtained through the inclusion of implicit water solvent and, in the DNA models, of sodium counterions, to neutralize the negative charge of the phosphate groups. The results obtained allowed us to compare the relative stability of isomeric single and double strands. Moreover, the energy of the Watson–Crick pairing of complementary single strands to form double‐helical structures was calculated. The latter furnished the following increasing stability trend of the double‐helix formation energy: d(TpA)2 <d(CpA)2 <d(ApT)2 <d(ApA)2 <d(GpT)2 <d(GpA)2 <d(ApG)2 <d(CpG)2 <d(GpG)2 <d(GpC)2, where the energy differences between the last four dimers, d(ApG)2, d(CpG)2, d(GpG)2 and d(GpC)2, is within 4.0 kcal mol−1, and the energy between the most and the least stable isomers is 13.4 kcal mol−1. This trend shows that the formation energy essentially increases with the number of hydrogen bonds per base pair, that is two between A and T and three between G and C. Superimposed on this main trend are more subtle effects that depend on the order in which bases occur within a strand from the 5’‐ to the 3’‐end.