bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mental capacity in the shadow of suicide: What can the law do?
Authors: Richardson Genevra 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIn a society where suicide is lawful how should we respond to a life-threatening treatment refusal by someone whose decision-making might be affected by a mental disorder? In considering this question this article examines the three established concepts currently employed by the law to analyse such cases: mental capacity, best interests and mental disorder. It then considers whether a supported decision-making model based on a notion of universal capacity, such as that espoused by the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, might alleviate some of the dilemmas arising from the application of the traditional legal concepts.
Structure–function analysis of full-length midkine reveals novel residues important for heparin binding and zebrafish embryogenesis
Authors: Lim Jackwee , Yao Sheng , Graf Martin , Winkler Christoph , Yang Daiwen 
Published: February 2013

Midkine is a heparin-binding di-domain growth factor, implicated in many biological processes as diverse as angiogenesis, neurogenesis and tumorigenesis. Elevated midkine levels reflect poor prognosis for many carcinomas, yet the molecular and cellular mechanisms orchestrating its activity remain unclear. At the present time, the individual structures of isolated half domains of human midkine are known and its functionally active C-terminal half domain remains a popular therapeutic target. In the present study, we determined the structure of full-length zebrafish midkine and show that it interacts with fondaparinux (a synthetic highly sulfated pentasaccharide) and natural heparin through a previously uncharacterized, but highly conserved, hinge region. Mutating six consecutive residues in the conserved hinge to glycine strongly abates heparin binding and midkine embryogenic activity. In contrast with previous in vitro studies, we found that the isolated C-terminal half domain is not active in vivo in embryos. Instead, we have demonstrated that the N-terminal half domain is needed to enhance heparin binding and mediate midkine embryogenic activity surprisingly in both heparin-dependent and -independent manners. Our findings provide new insights into the structural features of full-length midkine relevant for embryogenesis, and unravel additional therapeutic routes targeting the N-terminal half domain and conserved hinge.
PleioGRiP: genetic risk prediction with pleiotropy
Authors: Hartley Stephen W. , Sebastiani Paola 
Published: February 2013

AbstractMotivation: Although several studies have used Bayesian classifiers for risk prediction using genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) datasets, no software can efficiently perform these analyses on massive genetic datasets and can accommodate multiple traits.Results: We describe the program PleioGRiP that performs a genome-wide Bayesian model search to identify SNPs associated with a discrete phenotype and uses SNPs ranked by Bayes factor to produce nested Bayesian classifiers. These classifiers can be used for genetic risk prediction, either selecting the classifier with optimal number of features or using an ensemble of classifiers. In addition, PleioGRiP implements an extension to the Bayesian search and classification and can search for pleiotropic relationships in which SNPs are simultaneosly associated with two or more distinct phenotypes. These relationships can be used to generate connected Bayesian classifiers to predict the phenotype of interest either using genetic data alone or in combination with the secondary phenotype(s).Availability: PleioGRiP is implemented in Java, and it is available from http://hdl.handle.net/2144/4367.Contact: stephen.hartley@nih.govSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Daytime depth and thermal habitat of two sympatric krill species in response to surface salinity variability in the Gulf of St Lawrence, eastern Canada
Authors: Plourde Stéphane , McQuinn Ian H. , Maps Frédéric , St-Pierre Jean-François , Lavoie Diane , Joly Pierre 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Plourde, S., McQuinn, I. H., Maps, F., St-Pierre, J-F., Lavoie, D., and Joly, P. 2014. Daytime depth and thermal habitat of two sympatric krill species in response to surface salinity variability in the Gulf of St Lawrence, eastern Canada. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 71: 272–281. We describe the response of acoustically determined weighted mean depth (WMD) of two sympatric species of krill, Thysanoessa raschii and Meganyctiphanes norvegica, to variations in surface salinity during summer in the Gulf of St Lawrence. In this coastal system, non-living particulates and CDOM carried by the freshwater run-off of the St Lawrence River and several large rivers have a strong impact on turbidity and light attenuance in the surface layer. The WMD of T. raschii and M. norvegica were significantly and positively related to surface salinity. However, M. norvegica was found deeper and in warmer water than T. raschii, and the latter had a steeper response to surface salinity. The species-specific relationships between daytime WMD and surface salinity enabled us to estimate both species regional and interannual variations in summertime temperature habitat during a 21-year period (1991–2011). The variability in daytime WMD resulted in significant inter- and intraspecific differences in the temperature experienced by adult krill that may impact development, growth, and reproduction. Our study illustrated the importance of considering species-specific responses to environmental forcing in coupled biophysical models that aim to explore the impacts of environmental variations on krill dynamics.
A z = 3.045 Lyα emitting halo hosting a QSO and a possible candidate for AGN-triggered star formation
Authors: Rauch Michael , Becker George D. , Haehnelt Martin G. , Carswell Robert F. , Gauthier Jean-Rene 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
In this third paper in a series on the nature of extended, asymmetric Lyα emitters at z ∼ 3 we report the discovery, in an ultra-deep, blind, spectroscopic long-slit survey, of a Lyα emitting halo around a QSO at redshift 3.045. The QSO is a previously known, obscured active galactic nucleus (AGN). The Lyα emitting halo appears extended along the direction of the slit and exhibits two faint patches separated by 17 proper kpc in projection from the QSO. Comparison of the two-dimensional spectrum with archival Hubble Space Telescope ACS images shows that these patches coincide spatially with emission from a peculiar, dumbbell-shaped, faint galaxy. The assumptions that the Lyα emission patches are originating in the galaxy and that the galaxy is physically related to the QSO are at variance with photometric estimates of the galaxy redshift. We show, however, that a population of very young stars at the redshift of the QSO may fit the existing rest-frame broad-band UV photometry of the galaxy. If this scenario is correct, then the symmetry of the galaxy in continuum and Lyα emission, the extension of the QSO’s Lyα emission in its direction, and the likely presence of a young stellar population in close proximity to a (short-lived) AGN suggest that this may be an example of AGN feedback triggering external star formation in high-redshift galaxies.
Plant feeding by insect vectors can affect life cycle, population genetics and evolution of plant viruses
Authors: Gutiérrez Serafín , Michalakis Yannis , Van Munster Manuella , Blanc Stéphane 
Published: February 2013

Summary

Transmission from host to host is a crucial step in the life cycle of pathogens, particularly of viruses, ensuring spread and maintenance in host populations. The immobile nature of plants and the strong pectin and cellulose barrier surrounding cells have constrained most plant virus species to use vectors (mainly insects) for exit, transfer and entry from one host to another.

A growing body of evidence is showing that plant viruses can influence vector physiology and behaviour to increase their chances of transmission, either directly or through modification of the host plant. In contrast, little is known on the possible reciprocal interaction, where the vector way of life would significantly impact on the viral behaviour and/or phenotype within the infected plants, on its population genetics and its evolution.

The complex possible reaches of these three‐way interactions on the ecology of each partner have not been exhaustively explored.

After briefly summarizing the current knowledge on how viruses can induce changes in insect vector behaviour, physiology and population dynamics, this review focuses on presenting unforeseen aspects related to (i) the impacts that the feeding habits of different insect vectors can have on the evolution of plant viruses and (ii) the possibility that vector‐related stresses induce major switches in the ‘behaviour’ of viruses in planta, affecting primarily the efficiency of transmission by insect vectors.
Predatory beetles facilitate plant growth by driving earthworms to lower soil layers
Authors: Zhao Chuan , Griffin John N. , Wu Xinwei , Sun Shucun 
Published: February 2013

Summary
Theory suggests that predators of soil‐improving, plant‐facilitating detritivores (e.g. earthworms) should suppress plant growth via a negative tri‐trophic cascade, but the empirical evidence is still largely lacking.
We tested this prediction in an alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau by manipulating predatory beetles (presence/absence) and quantifying (i) direct effects on the density and behaviour of earthworms; and (ii) indirect effects on soil properties and above‐ground plant biomass.
In the absence of predators, earthworms improved soil properties, but did not significantly affect plant biomass. Surprisingly, the presence of predators strengthened the positive effect of earthworms on soil properties leading to the emergence of a positive indirect effect of predators on plant biomass.
We attribute this counterintuitive result to: (i) the inability of predators to suppress overall earthworm density; and (ii) the predator‐induced earthworm habitat shift from the upper to lower soil layer that enhanced their soil‐modifying, plant‐facilitating, effects.
Our results reveal that plant‐level consequences of predators as transmitted through detritivores can hinge on behaviour‐mediated indirect interactions that have the potential to overturn predictions based solely on trophic interactions.
This work calls for a closer examination of the effects of predators in detritus food webs and the development of spatially explicit theory capable of predicting the occurrence and consequences of predator‐induced detritivore behavioural shifts.
Quidemas a Marker of Emphatic Polarity
Authors: Danckaert Lieven 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe present paper deals with the (morpho)syntax and the interpretation of the Latin particlequidem. At the morphosyntactic level, it is argued thatquidemcan be characterized as a weak adverb, and that it is the middle member of a tripartite paradigm with strongequidemand clitic ‐quidemas the two other members. As to the syntax ofquidem, it is contended that the particle always takes scope over an entire proposition, and that it never induces constituent focus. It is shown that the element to the left ofquidemcan be a focus, a topic or a discourse‐neutral constituent, and that the pragmatic status of this element is never affected by the presence ofquidem. Finally, two claims are made about the interpretation ofquidem. First, it is proposed thatquidemis a marker of affirmative polarity, rather than a modal adverb. Second, in accordance with many previous accounts that considerquidemto be a focus particle,quidemis characterized as a marker of emphatic affirmative polarity, which emphasizes that the state of affairs expressed by a given proposition does indeed hold. Under this view,quidemcan be considered a marker ofverumfocus.
‘Felson Signs’ revisited
Authors: George Phiji Philip , Irodi Aparna , Nidugala Keshava Shyamkumar , Lamont Anthony C 
Published: February 2013

SummaryIn this article we revisit, with the help of images, those classic signs in chest radiography described by Dr Benjamin Felson himself, or other illustrious radiologists of his time, cited and discussed in ‘Chest Roentgenology’. We briefly describe the causes of the signs, their utility and the differential diagnosis to be considered when each sign is seen. Wherever possible, we use CT images to illustrate the basis of some of these classic radiographic signs.
Using phylogenetic information and the comparative method to evaluate hypotheses in macroecology
Authors: Hernández Cristián E. , Rodríguez‐Serrano Enrique , Avaria‐Llautureo Jorge , Inostroza‐Michael Oscar , Morales‐Pallero Bryan , Boric‐Bargetto Dusan , Canales‐Aguirre Cristian B. , Marquet Pablo A. , Meade Andrew 
Published: February 2013

SummaryIt is widely recognized that macroecological patterns are not independent of the evolution of the lineages involved in generating these patterns. While many researchers have begun to evaluate the effect of ancestor–descendant relationships on observed patterns using the phylogenetic comparative method, most macroecological studies only utilize the cross‐sectional comparative method to ‘remove the phylogenetic history’, without considering the option of evaluating its effect without removing it.Currently, most researchers use this method without explicitly evaluating three fundamental evolutionary assumptions of the comparative method: (i) that the phylogeny is constructed without error (which implies evaluating phylogenetic uncertainty); (ii) that more closely related species tend to show more similar characters than expected by chance (which implies evaluating the phylogenetic signal) and; (iii) that the model of the characters' evolution effectively recapitulates their history (which implies comparing the fit of several evolutionary models and evaluating the uncertainty of the estimating model parameters).Macroecological studies will benefit from the use of the comparative method to assess the effect of phylogenetic history without removing its effect. The comparative method will also allow for the simultaneous analysis of trait evolution and its impact on diversification rates; it is important to evaluate these processes together because they are not independent. In addition, explicit evaluations of the assumptions of comparative methods using Bayesian inferences will allow researchers to quantify the uncertainty of specific evolutionary hypotheses accounting for observed macroecological patterns.We illustrate the usefulness of the method using the phylogeny of the genusSebastes(Pisces: Scorpaeniformes), together with data on the body size–latitudinal range relationship to estimate the effect of phylogenetic history on the observed macroecological pattern.
Resting‐State Synchrony in Short‐Term Versus Long‐Term Abstinent Alcoholics
Authors: Camchong Jazmin , Stenger Victor Andrew , Fein George 
Published: February 2013

BackgroundWe previously reported that when compared with controls, long‐term abstinent alcoholics (LTAA) have increased resting‐state synchrony (RSS) of the inhibitory control network and reduced synchrony of the appetitive drive network, and hypothesized that these levels of synchrony are adaptive and support the behavioral changes required to maintain abstinence. In this study, we investigate whether these RSS patterns can be identified in short‐term abstinent alcoholics (STAA).MethodsResting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were collected from 27 STAA, 23 LTAA, and 23 nonsubstance abusing controls (NSAC). We examined baseline RSS using seed‐based measures.ResultsWe found ordered RSS effects from NSAC to STAA and then to LTAA within both the appetitive drive and executive control networks: increasing RSS of the executive control network and decreasing RSS of the reward processing network. Finally, we found significant correlations between strength of RSS in these networks and (i) cognitive flexibility, and (ii) current antisocial behavior.ConclusionsFindings are consistent with an adaptive progression of RSS from short‐ to long‐term abstinence, so that, compared with normal controls, the synchrony (i) within the reward network progressively decreases, and (ii) within the executive control network progressively increases.
Pediatric asthma control in Asia: Phase 2 of the Asthma Insights and Reality in Asia‐Pacific (AIRIAP 2) survey
Authors: Wong G. W. K. , Kwon N. , Hong J. G. , Hsu J.‐Y. , Gunasekera K. D. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackgroundWe conducted Phase 2 of the Asthma Insights and Reality in the Asia‐Pacific (AIRIAP 2) survey in 2006 to determine the level of asthma control in this region and the validity of the Asthma Control Test™ (ACT) and childhood ACT (C‐ACT) in relation to asthma control.MethodsPediatric participants (0 to <16 years; N = 988) with diagnosed asthma and current asthma symptoms or taking anti‐asthma medications were recruited from 12 geographic areas in Asia. The survey consisted of the AIRIAP 2 questionnaire (asthma symptoms, use of urgent healthcare services and anti‐asthma medication) and the ACT or C‐ACT (English or Chinese translations only), both administered in the participant's preferred language. A symptom control index based on the Global Initiative for Asthma criteria (except lung function) was used to classify asthma control status.ResultsMost participants had inadequately controlled asthma (‘uncontrolled’ = 53.4%, 528/988; ‘partly controlled’ = 44.0%, 435/988). Only 2.5% (25/988) had ‘controlled’ asthma. Demand for urgent healthcare services (51.7%, 511/988) and use of short‐acting beta‐agonists (55.2%, 545/988) was high. The optimal ACT and C‐ACT cutoff score for detecting uncontrolled asthma (compared with controlled or partly controlled asthma) was determined to be ≤19 (receiver operating characteristic analysis) with good agreement between the ACT and C‐ACT and the symptom control index.ConclusionsFindings from this survey show that asthma control is suboptimal in many children in the Asia‐Pacific region. Practical tools, such as the ACT or C‐ACT, may help clinicians assess asthma control and facilitate adjustment of asthma medication.
Management of prolonged post‐operative ileus: evidence‐based recommendations
Authors: Vather Ryash , Bissett Ian 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackgroundProlonged post‐operative ileus (PPOI) occurs in up to 25% of patients following major elective abdominal surgery. It is associated with a higher risk of developing post‐operative complications, prolongs hospital stay and confers a significant financial load on health‐care institutions. Literature outlining best‐practice management strategies for PPOI is nebulous. The aim of this text was to review the literature and provide concise evidence‐based recommendations for its management.MethodsA literature search through the Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, Google Scholar and Cochrane databases was performed from inception to July 2012 using a combination of keywords and MeSH terms. Review of the literature was followed by synthesis of concise recommendations for management accompanied by Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy (either A, B or C).ResultsRecommendations for management include regular evaluation and correction of electrolytes (B); review of analgesic prescription with weaning of narcotics and substitution with regular paracetamol, regular non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs if not contraindicated, and regular or as‐required Tramadol (A); nasogastric decompression for those with nausea or vomiting as prominent features (C); isotonic dextrose‐saline crystalloid maintenance fluids administered within a restrictive regimen (B); balanced isotonic crystalloid replacement fluids containing supplemental potassium, in equivalent volume to losses (C); regular ambulation (C); parenteral nutrition if unable to tolerate an adequate oral intake for more than 7 days post‐operatively (A) and exclusion of precipitating pathology or alternate diagnoses if clinically suspected (C).ConclusionsRecommendations have a variable and frequently inconsistent evidence base. Further research is required to validate many of the outlined recommendations and to investigate novel interventions that may be used to shorten duration of PPOI.
The effects of reducing the thermal index for bone from 1.0 to 0.5 and 0.1 on common obstetric pulsed wave Doppler measurements in the second half of pregnancy
Authors: Sande Ragnar K. , Matre Knut , Eide Geir E. , Kiserud Torvid 
Published: February 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo test the hypothesis that clinically relevant vessels can be visualized and interrogated with Doppler recording during the second half of pregnancy at an output energy below the currently advocated limits without loss of information.DesignObservational cross‐sectional study.SettingTertiary fetal medicine center.SampleBased on a power calculation for equivalence studies, we recruited 65 pregnant women.MethodsUltrasound examination was performed at 18, 24 or 36 weeks of gestation. The umbilical artery, middle cerebral artery, ductus venosus, and both uterine arteries were identified using color Doppler, and the blood velocities were measured using pulsed wave Doppler at a thermal index for bone (TIB) of 1.0. This procedure was repeated at TIB values of 0.5 and 0.1. The depth of Doppler recording was noted.Main outcome measuresVisualization of the vessels by color Doppler at all power levels and any systematic changes or increased variance of the recorded parameters with decreasing power level.ResultsAll vessels could be visualized by color Doppler and their flow velocities measured using pulsed wave Doppler in all participants and at all power levels. There were no systematic changes or increased parameter variance when reducing the power level, despite the insonation depth being significantly greater than in early pregnancy.ConclusionsReducing the ultrasound power from TIB 1.0 to 0.1 does not alter color Doppler visualization or pulsed wave Doppler measurements in the second half of pregnancy. The lower power level can be recommended as a starting point for clinical examinations throughout pregnancy.
Robot‐Assisted Thoracoscopic Hybrid Esophagectomy in the Semi‐Prone Position Under Pneumothorax
Authors: Ishikawa Norihiko , Kawaguchi Masahiko , Inaki Noriyuki , Moriyama Hideki , Shimada Masanari , Watanabe Go 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe performed robot‐assisted thoracoscopic hybrid esophagectomy using the da Vinci Surgical System and demonstrated the potential benefit of this minimally invasive lymphadenectomy. Between April 2010 and October 2011, four patients with intrathoracic esophageal cancer underwent hybrid esophagectomy in the semi‐prone position using a 3‐arm standard da Vinci and a conventional thoracoscopic maneuver. All thoracoscopic procedures were completed using a robot‐assisted technique. Robot‐assisted thoracoscopic esophagectomy in the semi‐prone position is safe and technically feasible. A hybrid procedure that combined standard da Vinci with conventional thoracosopic maneuvers overcomes the difficulties associated with using a standard da Vinci.