bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictive value of the random forest model based on bioelectrical impedance analysis parameter trajectories for short-term prognosis in stroke patients
Authors: Yang Jiajia , Peng Jingjing , Liu Guangwei , Li Feng 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
The short-term prognosis of stroke patients is mainly influenced by the severity of the primary disease at admission and the trend of disease development during the acute phase (1–7 days after admission).

Objective
The aim of this study is to explore the relationship between the bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) parameter trajectories during the acute phase of stroke patients and their short-term prognosis, and to investigate the predictive value of the prediction model constructed using BIA parameter trajectories and clinical indicators at admission for short-term prognosis in stroke patients.

Methods
A total of 162 stroke patients were prospectively enrolled, and their clinical indicators at admission and BIA parameters during the first 1–7 days of admission were collected. A Group-Based Trajectory Model (GBTM) was employed to identify different subgroups of longitudinal trajectories of BIA parameters during the first 1–7 days of admission in stroke patients. The random forest algorithm was applied to screen BIA parameter trajectories and clinical indicators with predictive value, construct prediction models, and perform model comparisons. The outcome measure was the Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score at discharge.

Results
PA in BIA parameters can be divided into four separate trajectory groups. The incidence of poor prognosis (mRS: 4–6) at discharge was significantly higher in the “Low PA Rapid Decline Group” (85.0%) than in the “High PA Stable Group “ (33.3%) and in the “Medium PA Slow Decline Group “(29.5%) (all P < 0.05). In-hospital mortality was the highest in the “Low PA Rapid Decline Group” (60%) compared with the remaining trajectory groups (P < 0.05). Compared with the prediction model with only clinical indicators (Model 1), the prediction model with PA trajectories (Model 2) demonstrated higher predictive accuracy and efficacy. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of Model 2 was 0.909 [95% CI 0.863, 0.956], integrated discrimination improvement index (IDI), 0.035 (P < 0.001), and net reclassification improvement (NRI), 0.175 (P = 0.031).

Conclusion
PA trajectories during the first 1–7 days of admission are associated with the short-term prognosis of stroke patients. PA trajectories have additional value in predicting the short-term prognosis of stroke patients.
Exploring the viability of combined laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy for stratigraphic analysis of murals containing isomeric pigments: a case study on realgar and orpiment
Authors: Sun Duixiong , Li Hanyun , Zhang Guoding , Yin Yaopeng , Su Maogen , Bai Xueshi , Sikorski Marek , Zhang Denghong 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
A novel combined measurements techniques has been designed in this work, enabling the acquisition of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and Raman spectral signals at the same point on a sample. The application of this combined technique to the analysis of multi-layered mock-up blocks painted with orpiment and realgar pigments has yielded significant insights. By correlating variations in the emission line intensity of characteristic elements within the LIBS spectra with depth-specific Raman spectra, the number of laser pulses that penetrated the pigment layers has been accurately determined, thereby establishing a method to measure layer thickness. Finally, the technique wasto analysis the actual mural fragment from Mogao Cave 196, determining the types of pigment and the thickness of the pigment layers.

Graphical Abstract
Generic semi-automated radiofluorination strategy for single domain antibodies: [18F]FB-labelled single domain antibodies for PET imaging of fibroblast activation protein-α or folate receptor-α overexpression in cancer
Authors: Dierick Herlinde , Navarro Laurent , Ceuppens Hannelore , Ertveldt Thomas , Pombo Antunes Ana Rita , Keyaerts Marleen , Devoogdt Nick , Breckpot Karine , D’Huyvetter Matthias , Lahoutte Tony , Caveliers Vicky , Bridoux Jessica 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Radiofluorination of single domain antibodies (sdAbs) via N-succinimidyl-4-[18F]fluorobenzoate ([18F]SFB) has shown to be a promising strategy in the development of sdAb-based PET tracers. While automation of the prosthetic group (PG) [18F]SFB production, has been successfully reported, no practical method for large scale sdAb labelling has been reported. Therefore, we optimized and automated the PG production, enabling a subsequently efficient manual conjugation reaction to an anti-fibroblast activation protein (FAP)-α sdAb (4AH29) and an anti-folate receptor (FR)-α sdAb (2BD42). Both the alpha isoform of FAP and the FR are established tumour markers. FAP-α is known to be overexpressed mainly by cancer-associated fibroblasts in breast, ovarian, and other cancers, while its expression in normal tissues is low or undetectable. FR-α has an elevated expression in epithelial cancers, such as ovarian, brain and lung cancers. Non-invasive imaging techniques, such as PET-imaging, using tracers targeting specific tumour markers can provide molecular information over both the tumour and its environment, which aides in the diagnosis, therapy selection and assessment of the cancer treatment.

Results
[18F]SFB was synthesized using a fully automated three-step, one-pot reaction. The total procedure time was 54 min and results in [18F]SFB with a RCP > 90% and a RCY d.c. of 44 ± 4% (n = 13). The manual conjugation reaction after purification produced [18F]FB-sdAbs with a RCP > 95%, an end of synthesis activity > 600 MBq and an apparent molar activity > 10 GBq/µmol. Overall RCY d.c., corrected to the trapping of [18F]F− on the QMA, were 9% (n = 1) and 5 ± 2% (n = 3) for [18F]FB-2BD42 and [18F]FB-4AH29, respectively.

Conclusion
[18F]SFB synthesis was successfully automated and upscaled on a Trasis AllInOne module. The anti-hFAP-α and anti-hFR-α sdAbs were radiofluorinated, yielding similar RCYs d.c. and RCPs, showing the potential of this method as a generic radiofluorination strategy for sdAbs. The radiofluorinated sdAbs showed a favourable biodistribution pattern and are attractive for further characterization as new PET tracers for FAP-α and FR-α imaging.
T1ρ relaxation mapping in osteochondral lesions of the talus: a non-invasive biomarker for altered biomechanical properties of hyaline cartilage?
Authors: Bogner Balázs , Wenning Markus , Jungmann Pia M. , Reisert Marco , Lange Thomas , Tennstedt Marcel , Klein Lukas , Diallo Thierno D. , Bamberg Fabian , Schmal Hagen , Jung Matthias 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
To evaluate T1ρ relaxation mapping in patients with symptomatic talar osteochondral lesions (OLT) and healthy controls (HC) at rest, with axial loading and traction.

Methods
Participants underwent 3-T ankle magnetic resonance imaging at rest and with 500 N loading and 120 N traction, without axial traction for a subcohort of 17/29 HC. We used a fast low-angle shot sequence with variable spin-lock intervals for monoexponential T1ρ fitting. Cartilage was manually segmented to extract T1ρ values.

Results
We studied 29 OLT patients (age 31.7 ± 7.5 years, 15 females, body mass index [BMI] 25.0 ± 3.4 kg/m2) and 29 HC (age 25.2 ± 4.3 years, 17 females, BMI 22.5 ± 2.3 kg/m2. T1ρ values of OLT (50.4 ± 3.4 ms) were higher than those of intact cartilage regions of OLT patients (47.2 ± 3.4 ms; p = 0.003) and matched HC cartilage (48.1 ± 3.3 ms; p = 0.030). Axial loading and traction induced significant T1ρ changes in the intact cartilage regions of patients (loading, mean difference -1.1 ms; traction, mean difference 1.4 ms; p = 0.030 for both) and matched HC cartilage (-2.2 ms, p = 0.003; 2.3 ms, p = 0.030; respectively), but not in the OLT itself (-1.3 ms; p = 0.150; +1.9 ms; p = 0.150; respectively).

Conclusion
Increased T1ρ values may serve as a biomarker of cartilage degeneration in OLT. The absence of load- and traction-induced T1ρ changes in OLT compared to intact cartilage suggests that T1ρ may reflect altered biomechanical properties of hyaline cartilage.

Trial registration
DRKS, DRKS00024010. Registered 11 January 2021, https://drks.de/search/de/trial/DRKS00024010.

Relevance statement
T1ρ mapping has the potential to evaluate compositional and biomechanical properties of the talar cartilage and may improve therapeutic decision-making in patients with osteochondral lesions.

Key Points

T1ρ values in osteochondral lesions increased compared to intact cartilage.

Significant load- and traction-induced T1ρ changes were observed in visually intact regions and in healthy controls but not in osteochondral lesions.

T1ρ may serve as an imaging biomarker for biomechanical properties of cartilage.

Graphical Abstract
Countermeasures to promote sustainable construction and coordinated development of healthy cities: a case study of Dandong City
Authors: Liu Xiang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn order to promote sustainable construction and coordinated development of healthy cities in small and medium-sized cities, as well as to improve people's happiness, this paper takes the border city of Dandong as an example. It constructs 5 primary indexes and 28 secondary indexes, including healthy environment, healthy culture, health service, healthy society, and healthy tourism real estate. Among them, the index for healthy tourism real estate includes five secondary indicators: tourism income, number of tourists, real estate transaction volume, average selling price of commercial housing, and renovation of old residential areas. This paper analyzes the overall goal of healthy city construction in Dandong using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The relative priorities of the five first-level indicators considered are: healthy environment; healthy society; health service; healthy tourism real estate; and healthy culture. This indicates that a focus on creating a healthy environment is more important in evaluating a city's health. According to data analysis, Dandong has met national standards for creating a healthy environment and promoting a vibrant cultural scene. In addition to this achievement, the number of practicing (assistant) doctors per 1000 people in health services reached national standards in 2018, and people's living standards have gradually improved. Combining the advantages of local tourist destinations with the promotion of healthy development in the tourist industry, and balanced growth in real estate development as contributed to the creation of a positive social environment conducive to good health.
The attitudes, knowledge and confidence of healthcare professionals about cannabis-based products
Authors: Russo Emilio , Agredano Paula Martinez , Flachenecker Peter , Lawthom Charlotte , Munro Duncan , Hindocha Chandni , Bagul Makarand , Trinka Eugen 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Use of cannabis-based products is becoming more frequent, and it is important that healthcare professionals are informed and confident about them when making evidence-based decisions about their use. This study aimed to gain an international perspective on the attitudes, knowledge, and confidence of healthcare professionals about cannabis-based products.

Methods
An online questionnaire regarding these products was completed by 1580 healthcare professionals (neurologists, psychiatrists, general practitioners, pharmacists and nurses) from 16 countries across Asia, Europe, Oceania, South America, and the Middle East.

Results
Respondents expressed a high level of interest in cannabis-based products (median score 9 out of 10) and reported that they felt knowledgeable about them (median score 6 out of 7). They reported a high level of confidence when providing patients with information on cannabis-based products, returning median scores of 6 and 5 out of 7 for their legality and regulations, and their benefits and risks, respectively. Despite this, healthcare professionals sought further information on cannabis-based products across areas including legality, neurobiology, and scientific evidence. Finally, 59% (n = 930) of respondents considered robust clinical trial evidence as the most important factor to ensure patient safety in the context of these products. Few nominally significant differences emerged between healthcare professionals from different specialities or regions.

Conclusion
In conclusion, this large survey of attitudes held by healthcare professionals towards cannabis-based products revealed a high level of interest and a demand for more information. Limitations of this study include potential sample bias and limited external validity.
Assessing the impact of hatching system and body weight on the growth performance, caecal short-chain fatty acids, and microbiota composition and functionality in broilers
Authors: Akram Muhammad Zeeshan , Sureda Ester Arévalo , Comer Luke , Corion Matthias , Everaert Nadia 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Variations in body weight (BW) remain a significant challenge within broiler flocks, despite uniform management practices. Chicken growth traits are influenced by gut microbiota, which are in turn shaped by early-life events like different hatching environments and timing of first feeding. Chicks hatched in hatcheries (HH) experience prolonged feed deprivation, which could adversely impact early microbiota colonization. Conversely, hatching on-farm (HOF) allows early feeding, potentially fostering a more favorable gut environment for beneficial microbial establishment. This study investigates whether BW differences among broilers are linked to the disparities in gut microbiota characteristics and whether hatching systems (HS) impact the initial microbial colonization of broilers differing in BW, which in turn affects their growth patterns. Male Ross-308 chicks, either hatched in a hatchery or on-farm, were categorized into low (LBW) and high (HBW) BW groups on day 7, making a two-factorial design (HS × BW). Production parameters were recorded periodically. On days 7, 14, and 38, cecal volatile fatty acid (VFA) and microbiota composition and function (using 16 S rRNA gene sequencing and PICRUSt2) were examined.

Results
HOF chicks had higher day 1 BW, but HH chicks caught up within first week, with no further HS-related performance differences. The HBW chicks remained heavier attributed to higher feed intake rather than improved feed efficiency. HBW group had higher acetate concentration on day 14, while LBW group exhibited higher isocaproate on day 7 and isobutyrate on days 14 and 38. Microbiota analyses revealed diversity and composition were primarily influenced by BW than by HS, with HS having minimal impact on BW-related microbiota. The HBW group on various growth stages was enriched in VFA-producing bacteria like unclassified Lachnospiraceae, Alistipes and Faecalibacterium, while the LBW group had higher abundances of Lactobacillus, Akkermansia and Escherichia-Shigella. HBW microbiota presented higher predicted functional potential compared to the LBW group, with early colonizers exhibiting greater metabolic activity than late colonizers.

Conclusions
Despite differences in hatching conditions, the effects of HS on broiler performance were transient, and barely impacting BW-related microbiota. BW variations among broilers are likely linked to differences in feed intake, VFA profiles, and distinct microbiota compositions and functions.
Report of the Special-purpose Committee on Names of Fungi with the Same Epithet, established at the XIX International Botanical Congress in Shenzhen, China
Authors: Mitchell James K. , Hawksworth David L. , Pennycook Shaun R. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA Special-purpose Committee on Fungal Names with the Same Epithet was established at the XIX International Botanical Congress (IBC) in Shenzhen, China in 2017, with a mandate to report to the 12th International Mycological Congress (IMC) with recommendations on a preferred course of action with respect to names of pleomorphic fungi sharing the same epithet under the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants. This report provides a synthesis of the deliberations from the Special-purpose Committee. We discuss the arguments for and against the proposed solution to the problems that have arisen regarding the nomenclature of fungi described in multiple morphs using the same epithet. We also propose a gentler method of addressing the problem using existing procedures.
Real-World Noninferiority Assessment of Two Filgrastim Biosimilars in Patients Receiving Myelosuppressive Chemotherapy
Authors: Lee Ye Ji , Delate Thomas , Hui Rita L. , Le Kim , Pham Catherine 
Published: July 2024

PURPOSE
Although multiple filgrastim biosimilars are now available in the United States, no studies comparing clinical outcomes between products have been reported. This analysis evaluated real-world outcomes of filgrastim-aafi and filgrastim-sndz in patients with select solid tumors receiving myelosuppressive chemotherapy to compare the two filgrastim biosimilars.

METHODS
This was an observational, noninferiority, cohort study of patients from three integrated health care systems who received myelosuppressive chemotherapy and were prophylactically initiated on filgrastim-sndz between January and November 2021 or filgrastim-aafi between June and November 2022. Patients were followed from filgrastim biosimilar initiation until the start of their next chemotherapy cycle. The primary outcome of severe neutropenia was analyzed using a binary noninferiority test with a 5% upper margin. Secondary outcomes included the incidence of emergency department or hospital encounters due to febrile neutropenia and systemic antibiotic/antifungal medication use. If noninferiority was met, adjusted logistic regression modeling was conducted.

RESULTS

A total of 2,730 patients who initiated filgrastim-aafi (n = 880) or filgrastim-sndz (n = 1,850) during the study period were included. The overall mean age was 55 years, 87.4% were female, 42.3% were White, and 76.6% had breast cancer. Severe neutropenia occurred in 1.8% and 1.7% of patients initiated on filgrastim-aafi and filgrastim-sndz, respectively (
P
< .01 for noninferiority). The adjusted odds ratio for severe neutropenia with filgrastim-aafi compared with filgrastim-sndz was 0.91 (95% CI, 0.49 to 1.68;
P
= .76). Noninferiority was met for all secondary outcomes (
P
< .01), and there were no adjusted statistically significant differences between the groups (all
P
> .05).

CONCLUSION
Among patients with select solid tumors receiving myelosuppressive chemotherapy, severe neutropenia outcomes were comparable between filgrastim-aafi and filgrastim-sndz biosimilars. Findings from this study may support utilization of different filgrastim biosimilars in clinical practice.
Commentary on van Raalte et al.’s “The Dangers of Drawing Cohort Profiles From Period Data: A Research Note”
Authors: Schmertmann Carl P. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
van Raalte et al. (2023) alerted demographers to the potential dangers of calculating cohort measures from the “diagonals” of gridded age–period (AP) data. In the case of cohort fertility, however, a minor change to the estimation procedure can mitigate the trend and cohort size biases that the authors identify. With an appropriate algorithm, researchers can estimate cohort fertility indices from AP data quite well.
Transdifferentiation is temporally uncoupled from progenitor pool expansion during hair cell regeneration in the zebrafish inner ear
Authors: Beaulieu Marielle O. , Thomas Eric D. , Raible David W. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
Death of mechanosensory hair cells in the inner ear is a common cause of auditory and vestibular impairment in mammals, which have a limited ability to regrow these cells after damage. In contrast, non-mammalian vertebrates, including zebrafish, can robustly regenerate hair cells after severe organ damage. The zebrafish inner ear provides an understudied model system for understanding hair cell regeneration in organs that are highly conserved with their mammalian counterparts. Here, we quantitatively examine hair cell addition during growth and regeneration of the larval zebrafish inner ear. We used a genetically encoded ablation method to induce hair cell death and we observed gradual regeneration with correct spatial patterning over a 2-week period following ablation. Supporting cells, which surround and are a source of new hair cells, divide in response to hair cell ablation, expanding the possible progenitor pool. In parallel, nascent hair cells arise from direct transdifferentiation of progenitor pool cells temporally uncoupled from supporting cell division. These findings reveal a previously unrecognized mechanism of hair cell regeneration with implications for how hair cells may be encouraged to regenerate in the mammalian ear.
The role of the heart in the evolution of aerobic performance
Authors: Scott Graham R. , Garvey Kayla M. , Wearing Oliver H. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
Aerobic metabolism underlies vital traits such as locomotion and thermogenesis, and aerobic capacity influences fitness in many animals. The heart is a key determinant of aerobic capacity, but the relative influence of cardiac output versus other steps in the O2 transport pathway remains contentious. In this Commentary, we consider this issue by examining the mechanistic basis for adaptive increases in aerobic capacity (thermogenic V̇O2,max; also called summit metabolism) in deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) native to high altitude. Thermogenic V̇O2,max is increased by acclimation to cold hypoxia (simulating high-altitude conditions), and high-altitude populations generally have greater V̇O2,max than their low-altitude counterparts. This plastic and evolved variation in V̇O2,max is associated with corresponding variation in maximal cardiac output, along with variation in other traits across the O2 pathway (e.g. arterial O2 saturation, blood haemoglobin content and O2 affinity, tissue O2 extraction, tissue oxidative capacity). By applying fundamental principles of gas exchange, we show that the relative influence of cardiac output on V̇O2,max depends on the O2 diffusing capacity of thermogenic tissues (skeletal muscles and brown adipose tissues). Functional interactions between cardiac output and blood haemoglobin content determine circulatory O2 delivery and thus affect V̇O2,max, particularly in high-altitude environments where erythropoiesis can increase haematocrit and blood viscosity. There may also be functional linkages between cardiac output and tissue O2 diffusion due to the role of blood flow in determining capillary haematocrit and red blood cell flux. Therefore, the functional interactions between cardiac output and other traits in the O2 pathway underlie the adaptive evolution of aerobic capacities.