bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ULTRASOUND GUIDED ASPIRATION VERSUS ASPIRATION AND ABLATION OF OVARIAN CAVITY WITH METHOTREXATE
Authors: Azmat Sania , Taimoor Alruba , Nazir Aamir , Khan Rakhshanda Inam , Saleem Umme Aimen , Ayub Sadia 
Published: July 2024

Background: An ovarian cyst is a fluid filled sac formed in ovaries in 20% of females during their lifetime. The objective of the study was to compare the efficacy of ultrasound guided aspiration and ultrasound guided aspiration with ablation of cavity with methotrexate in treatment of ovarian cysts. Methods: This randomized controlled trial was designed and conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Gomal Medical Teaching Hospital, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan from 1st Jun 2019 to 30th Nov 2019. Eighty-eight women with ovarian cysts were randomly included with lottery method. The subjects were divided into 2 equal groups. The subjects in group A were subjected to ultrasound guided aspiration. The subjects in group B were subjected to ultrasound guided aspiration with ablation of cavity with methotrexate. Data was analysed on SPSS-22. Frequencies and percentages were computed for qualitative variables like efficacy. Mean±SD was presented for quantitative variables like age, size and duration of cyst. Chi-square test was applied to compare efficacy in both groups. Post stratification using Chi-square test for both groups was also applied. The results with p?0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Efficacy was seen in 81.8% patients in group A as compared to 97.7% in group B (p=0.01). Conclusion: Transvaginal ultrasound guided aspiration and in situ methotrexate injection is simple, non-invasive and effective in the treatment of selected cases of simple ovarian cyst without evidence of malignancy.
Pak J Physiol 2023;19(1):11-13
BENEFITS AND DISBENEFITS OF ONLINE TEACHING DURING THE PANDEMIC: STUDENTS’ LEARNING EXPERIENCE
Authors: Khan Samia Perwaiz , Shaikh Maham Sohail , Hamidani Mohammad Arqam Ashraf , Raja Inshrah Hanif , Mubeen Sara , Naqvi Sadaf Fatima 
Published: July 2024

Background: Virtual teaching approach includes combination of e-learning technology with traditional instructor-led training as online classes. The study explores the benefits, dis-benefits of online teaching for medical and dental undergraduate students and assesses how to overcome the challenges to online medical education during the pandemic. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study. The sample size was 150 including 100 MBBS and 50 BDS students of Jinnah Medical and Dental College, Karachi. The participants were enrolled in study through convenience sampling technique. Through a questionnaire-based survey conducted in the year 2021 benefits, dis-benefits of virtual teaching and learning of pharmacology as well as the difficulties faced by the participants, were assessed. The questionnaire was developed and pilot testing was done on 20 medical students. The data was analysed using Chi-square test. Results: The overall results of this study were not up to the mark and dis-benefits experienced by the participants in this study were high. This study also highlights certain issues including technical issues of internet interruptions/ bandwidth (92%), disturbances during the online sessions (79%), missing the interactive dialogues with lecturers (75%), missing end of session revision (67%), quality issues of recorded lectures (66%), short duration of online sessions (44%). Conclusion: The online teaching during COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns had been effective in filling-in the gaps. It also highlights the areas that need to be addressed to overcome the shortcomings in order to further improve the benefits and effectiveness of online learning.
Pak J Physiol 2023;19(1):33–6
COMPLIANCE WITH STANDARD THROMBOPROPHYLAXIS GUIDELINES AGAINST VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM IN ACUTE MEDICAL WARDS —A SINGLE CENTRE EXPERIENCE
Authors: Mehr Muhammad Tariq , Humayun Sidra , Nisa Qamar Un , Raza Shehrbano , Jadoon Ali Qaisar , Farooq Ghulam 
Published: July 2024

Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) prevention in hospitalized patients is primarily based on adequate risk stratification, but the recommended prophylaxis for associated risk factors are not adequately utilized. Objective was to estimate the implementation of the standard international VTE prophylaxis guidelines in acutely ill patients in medical wards of Hayatabad Medical Complex (HMC), Peshawar. Methods: This study was conducted in HMC (1st April to 31st December, 202), to determine the proportion of patients receiving appropriate VTE prophylaxis according to ANZ WP recommendations, based on their risk profiles. The modalities employed for prevention were Compression Stockings alone, Anticoagulation alone or use of both. Random sampling technique allowed inclusion of 600 patients from medicine department, HMC. Results: Out of the 600 patients, 336 were female while 264 were male. Patients stratified as High Risk were 72% while 28% as Low Risk group. Risk factors observed were age >60 years (43.05), past history of stroke with neurological deficits (64.12%), admission with lung disorders (18.05%) and those with active cancers 6.01%. A total of 57.6% were found to be receiving VTE prophylaxis with 54.2% in High Risk group while 45.8% in low risk group. Amongst the patients receiving VTE prophylaxis, 20.80% patients were receiving both modalities, 49.30 were having TED Stockings alone, while 29.90% were receiving anticoagulation alone. Conclusion: The international standard guidelines for thromboprophylaxis were observed to be poorly followed in our hospital which calls for strategies to identify high risk individuals and initiation of appropriate prophylaxis.
Pak J Physiol 2023;19(1):29–32
RESILIENCE AS A PROTECTIVE FACTOR FOR DEPRESSION AMONG INFERTILE WOMEN OF FAISALABAD
Authors: Saleem Ammarah , Yaqoob Nazia 
Published: July 2024

Background: Infertility is one the major cause of depression among married women of Pakistan. Resilience is a psychological skill that can help to manage depression in married women. This study was designed to assess depression and resilience among infertile women of Faisalabad. Methods: A correlational study was conducted from May to Aug 2022. Purposive sampling technique was used to gather information from different infertility centers and hospitals of Faisalabad, Pakistan. The Mean age of the subjects was 31.38±5.57 years. To assess the level of depression and resilience among infertile women, the Urdu version of the Siddiqui-Shah Depression Scale (SSDS) and the Resilience Scale (RS) were used. Statistical analysis was done on SPSS-26. Results: Out of the 110 participants, 89 (81%) were primary while 21 (20%) were secondary infertile. Resilience and depression negatively correlated significantly (p=0.000) in infertile women. The respondents from rural areas (p<0.05), those with increased number of treatments (p<0.05) and those having primary type of infertility (p<0.05) showed significantly high level of depression. Conclusion: Resilience and depression have negative association. Depression is predominant among rural as compared to urban residents, and in primary infertile women with increased number of treatments compared to secondary infertile women.
Pak J Physiol 2023;19(4):46–8
COMPARISON OF INTRAVENOUS DIAZEPAM AND INTRAVENOUS MIDAZOLAM FOR TREATMENT OF RECURRENT FEBRILE SEIZURES
Authors: Pasha Waseem , Amjad Awais , Ahmed Imran , Nawaz Usman , Sajid Muhammad Usman , Ali Muhammad Usman 
Published: July 2024

Background: Recurrent febrile seizures are seizures in children less than 5 years of age which reoccur within 24 hours. Benzodiazepines such as midazolam and diazepam are used to stop and decrease the recurrent rate of febrile seizures. The objective of study was to compare the efficacy of intravenous midazolam with intravenous diazepam for treatment of recurrent febrile seizures in paediatric patients. Methods: This observational cross-sectional study observed 60 children aged 6 to 59 months with recurrent febrile seizures who presented at paediatric clinic in Combined Military Hospital Kharian and THQ Hospital, Kharian from Sep to Nov 2023. The response time was noted for children who received intravenous midazolam 0.2 mg/Kg only and IV diazepam 0.2 mg/Kg only. The children were randomly allocated into group A (midazolam group) and Group B (diazepam group.) Study was done after taking informed consent from the parents. Both drugs were given during the fits. Results: The time interval from drug administration to cessation of febrile seizures was 2.50±0.94 minutes in the midazolam group and 2.4±1.12 minutes in the diazepam group. There was no significant difference between the two groups (p=0.567). Minor dizziness and sedation were the only main effects reported. Conclusion: Both diazepam and midazolam have same efficacy in the treatment of recurrent febrile seizures.
Pak J Physiol 2024;20(1):12?4
Pengaruh Pendidikan Kesehatan tentang Kesehatan Reproduksi Terhadap Pengetahuan Lansia
Authors: Ulfa Ika Mardiatul , Sari Anggrita , Permatasari Niken , Sari Mayang Puspita Candrani 
Published: July 2024

Perkembangan dan pertumbuhan manusia akan terhenti, sehingga berikutnya akan terjadi banyak perubahan pada fungsi tubuh manusia. Perubahan tersebut paling banyak terjadi pada wanita karena proses menua terjadi pada fase menopause. Menopause merupakan masa berhentinya menstruasi yang terjadi pada perempuan dengan rentang usia 48-55 tahun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengetahuan lansia tentang kesehatan reproduksi setelah diberikan pendidikan kesehatan. Jenis penelitian menggunakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan crossectional. Sampel pada penelitian ini berjumlah 30 orang yang diambil secara accidental sampling. Hasil uji hipotesis pada variabel pengetahuan didapatkan hasil bahwa ada pengaruh Pendidikan Kesehatan Reproduksi dengan p-value 0,000 terhadap pengetahuan lansia di Posyandu Kemuning. Pada penelitian ini media yang digunakan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan pembentukan sikap adalah buku saku. Media buku saku dapat digunakan untuk konseling atau penyuluhan kepada responden guna meningkatkan pengetahuan dan sikap kepada perempuan pralansia.
Ocena możliwości stosowania zwiększonej zawartości granulatu asfaltowego w betonie asfaltowym z wykorzystaniem dodatków poprawiających urabialność mieszanek mineralno-asfaltowych
Authors: Liphardt Adam , Radziszewski Piotr , Sarnowski Michał 
Published: July 2024

Recykling materiałowy ze względu na ochronę środowiska, zrównoważony rozwój odgrywa coraz większe znaczenie w budowie nawierzchni drogowych. Szczególnie dotyczy to zastosowania destruktu asfaltowego do warstw konstrukcyjnych nawierzchni. Jednym z problemów występujących przy stosowaniu większych ilości destruktu asfaltowego w mieszankach mineralno-asfaltowych jest pogorszenie ich urabialności i jednorodności szczególnie w przypadku dozowania granulatu asfaltowego na zimno. Artykuł zawiera wyniki badań nad zastosowaniem dodatków poprawiających urabialność betonu asfaltowego do warstwy podbudowy ze zwiększonym do 40% dodatkiem granulatu asfaltowego dozowanym w technologii na zimno. W badaniach zastosowano dodatki parafin F-T, upłynniaczy pochodzenia roślinnego oraz zeolitów, które miały na celu poprawę homogeniczności i zagęszczalności mieszanek przy zastosowaniu obniżonych temperatur wbudowania. Przeprowadzono ocenę zagęszczalności mieszanek z różną zawartością granulatu asfaltowego przy zastosowaniu 3 rodzajów dodatków poprawiających urabialność. Zagęszczalność oceniano na podstawie analizy przebiegu zagęszczania w prasie żyratorowej, określając m.in. wymaganą ilość cykli do uzyskania wymaganego zagęszczenia, a także naprężenia ścinające oraz wskaźnik zagęszczenia w funkcji ilości cykli zagęszczania. W dalszej kolejności mieszanki mineralno-asfaltowe poddano badaniom w celu weryfikacji ich odporności na deformacje trwałe oraz działanie wody. Na podstawie wyników badań i analiz wykazano, że istnieje możliwość stosowania zwiększonej zawartości granulatu asfaltowego w warstwach podbudowy z betonu asfaltowego zarówno w standardowych, jak i obniżonych temperaturach wbudowania dzięki zastosowaniu dodatków poprawiających urabialność i zagęszczalność mieszanek.
Anthropogenic fertilization influences a shift in barley rhizosphere microbial communities
Authors: Enagbonma Ben Jesuorsemwen , Fadiji Ayomide Emmanuel , Babalola Olubukola Oluranti 
Published: July 2024

Background
Anthropogenic mediations contribute a significant role in stimulating positive reactions in soil–plant interactions; however, methodical reports on how anthropogenic activities impact soil microorganism-induced properties and soil health are still inadequate. In this study, we evaluated the influence of anthropogenic fertilization of farmland soil on barley rhizosphere microbial community structure and diversity, and the significant impacts on agro-ecosystem productivity. This will help validate the premise that soil amendment with prolonged synthetic fertilizers can lead to a significant reduction in bacterial abundance and diversity, while soils amended with organic fertilizers elicit the succession of the native soil microbial community and favor the growth of copiotrophic bacteria.

Methods
The total metagenomic DNA was extracted from soils obtained from the barley rhizosphere under chemical fertilization (CB), organic fertilization (OB), and bulk soil (NB). Subsequently, these samples were sequenced using an amplicon-based sequencing approach, and the raw sequence dataset was examined using a metagenomic rast server (MG-RAST).

Results
Our findings showed that all environments (CB, OB, and NB) shared numerous soil bacterial phyla but with different compositions. However, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria predominated in the barley rhizosphere under chemical fertilization, organic fertilization, and bulk soils, respectively. Alpha and beta diversity analysis showed that the diversity of bacteria under organic barley rhizosphere was significantly higher and more evenly distributed than bacteria under chemical fertilization and bulk soil.

Conclusion
Understanding the impact of conventional and organic fertilizers on the structure, composition, and diversity of the rhizosphere microbiome will assist in soil engineering to enhance microbial diversity in the agroecosystem.
Estimation of environment stability for fruit yield and capsaicin content by using two models in Capsicum chinense Jacq. (Ghost Pepper) with multi-year evaluation
Authors: Baruah Joyashree , Begum Twahira , Lal Mohan 
Published: July 2024

Background
Capsicum chinense Jacq. (Ghost Pepper) is well-known for its high pungency and pleasant aroma. The recent years witnessed a significant decline in popularity of this important crop due to the use of inferior planting material and lack of elite lines. To maintain constant performance across a variety of settings, it is crucial to choose stable lines with high yield and capsaicin content, as these are the most promising traits of Ghost Pepper.

Method
In this study, 120 high-capsaicin genotypes were subjected to a 3-year (kharif 2017, 2018 and 2019) stability investigation utilizing two well-known stability methods: Eberhart-Russell (ER) and additive main effects and multiple interaction (AMMI). Three replications were used following Randomized Complete Block Design for 11 traits. The experiment soil was sandy loam with pH 4.9. Minimum and maximum temperature of 18.5 °C, 17.5 °C, 17.4 °C and 32.2 °C, 31.3 °C, 32.7 °C and rainfall of 1,781, 2,099, 1,972 mm respectively was recorded for the study period.

Result
The genotype-environment linear interaction (G×E Lin.) was highly significant for days to 50% flowering, capsaicin content, fruit length and girth, fruit yield per plant and number of fruits per plant at p < 0.005. G×E interaction for fruit yield and capsaicin content in AMMI-analysis of variance reported 67.07% and 71.51% contribution by IPCA-1 (interactive principal component axis) and 32.76% and 28.49% by IPCA-2, respectively. Eight genotypes were identified to be stable with high yield and capsaicin content. The identified stable lines can be opted for cultivation to reduce the impact of crop failure when grown in different macro-environments. Moreover, the pharmaceutical and spice sectors will also be benefitted from the lines with high capsaicin content. Further research assessing the lines’ performance across various regions of India can provide a solid foundation for the crop’s evaluation at national level.
Pan-cancer analysis identifies olfactory receptor family 7 subfamily A member 5 as a potential biomarker for glioma
Authors: Bao Yanqiu , Tang Ziqi , Chen Renli , Yu Xuebin , Qi Xuchen 
Published: July 2024

Background
Human olfactory receptors (ORs) account for approximately 60% of all human G protein-coupled receptors. The functions of ORs extend beyond olfactory perception and have garnered significant attention in tumor biology. However, a comprehensive pan-cancer analysis of ORs in human cancers is lacking.

Methods
Using data from public databases, such as HPA, TCGA, GEO, GTEx, TIMER2, TISDB, UALCAN, GEPIA2, and GSCA, this study investigated the role of olfactory receptor family 7 subfamily A member 5 (OR7A5) in various cancers. Functional analysis of OR7A5 in LGG and GBM was performed using the CGGA database. Molecular and cellular experiments were performed to validate the expression and biological function of OR7A5 in gliomas.

Results
The results revealed heightened OR7A5 expression in certain tumors, correlating with the expression levels of immune checkpoints and immune infiltration. In patients with gliomas, the expression levels of OR7A5 were closely associated with adverse prognosis, 1p/19p co-deletion status, and wild-type IDH status. Finally, in vitro experiments confirmed the inhibitory effect of OR7A5 knockdown on the proliferative capacity of glioma cells and on the expression levels of proteins related to lipid metabolism.

Conclusion
This study establishes OR7A5 as a novel biomarker, potentially offering a novel therapeutic target for gliomas.
Drug Interactions for Therapeutic Proteins: A Journey Just Beginning
Authors: Zhou Honghui , Meibohm Bernd 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Over the last three decades, therapeutic proteins, in particular, antibody‐based biotherapeutics, have played an increasingly important role in pharmacotherapy,and in some therapeutic areas, such as immune‐mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) and oncology, therapeutic proteins have fundamentally changed the therapeutic paradigm. Therapeutic proteins have also presented enormous commercialpotential. As a result, hundreds of investigational antibody‐based and other protein therapeutics are currently under development at different stages, spanning discovery to phase III clinical investigations. As discussed in this chapter, although the majority of reported drug interactions associated with therapeutic proteins seem to be indirect, a mechanistic understanding for many of the observed interactions is still lacking.
Disease–Drug–Drug Interaction Assessments for Tocilizumab—A Monoclonal Antibody against Interleukin‐6 Receptor to Treat Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Zhang Xiaoping , Brennan Barbara J. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Tocilizumab (TCZ, Actemra) is a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclass that selectively binds to human interleukin 6 (IL‐6) receptors. TCZ binds to both membrane‐bound and soluble forms of IL‐6R, blocking signal transduction pathways through competitive inhibition of IL‐6 binding.
1 TCZ 8 mg/kg given intravenously (IV) is currently approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in over 106 countries, including the United States, Canada, Australia, European countries, and Japan. IL‐6 receptor blockade was considered a mechanism for pharmacologic treatment of RA due to the central role of IL‐6 in inflammatory processes. IL‐6 is a pleiotropic cytokine with numerous activities, including effects on the immune response and inflammation (e.g., interaction with neutrophils in the synovium), bone metabolism, and hematopoiesis.
Elevated IL‐6 levels have been found in the serum and synovial fluid of RA patients, and inflammatory cell infiltration has been correlated withIL‐6 levels in synovial tissues. As discussed in this chapter, IL‐6 levels correlate with disease activity in RA patients and improvement of the disease after treatment with disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) is accompanied by a reduction in serum IL‐6.
Toxicological Assessment of Nanomedicine
Authors: Nehoff Hayley , Taurin Sebastien , Greish Khaled 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe potential for using nanotechnologies in medicine as well as for improving current nanotechnologies is growing rapidly. Comprehensive new studies are needed to address the concern of the potential toxicity of nanomaterials in medicine. Currently, there is no standard for defining nanomedicine exposure or assessing toxicity. In this chapter, the toxic attributes of nanomedicines are shown, indicating that a complete understanding of these parameters is essential to predict the safety of a specific nanomedicine. A summary of the current knowledge on the safety of commonly used nanoconstructs is presented, as well as recommendations for conducting studies to assess nanomedicine safety.
The Curious Out‐of‐Plane Conductivity of PEDOT:PSS
Authors: van de Ruit Kevin , Katsouras Ilias , Bollen Dirk , van Mol Ton , Janssen René A. J. , de Leeuw Dago M. , Kemerink Martijn 
Published: June 2013

AbstractFor its application as transparent conductor in light‐emitting diodes and photovoltaic cells, both the in‐plane and out‐of‐plane conductivity of PEDOT:PSS are important. However, studies into the conductivity of PEDOT:PSS rarely address the out‐of‐plane conductivity and those that do, report widely varying results. Here a systematic study of the out‐of‐plane charge transport in thin films of PEDOT:PSS with varying PSS content is presented. To this end, the PEDOT:PSS is enclosed in small interconnects between metallic contacts. An unexpected, but strong dependence of the conductivity on interconnect diameter is observed for PEDOT:PSS formulations without high boiling solvent. The change in conductivity correlates with a diameter dependent change in PEDOT:PSS layer thickness. It is suggested that the order of magnitude variation in out‐of‐plane conductivity with only a 3‐4‐fold layer thickness variation can quantitatively be explained on basis of a percolating cluster model.
Structure–Function Relationships in Glycopolymers: Effects of Residue Sequences, Duplex, and Triplex Organization
Authors: Sletmoen Marit , Stokke Bjørn Torger 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThe importance of residue sequence and duplex and triplex structures as basis for establishing molecular understanding of the structure–function relationships within glycopolymers is highlighted. The copolysaccharide alginate is the selected example for elucidating effects of residue sequence on functional properties like ionotropic gelation. Xanthan and comblike branched β‐d‐glucans are used as examples of impact of duplex and triplex organization on global conformation and functional properties. Combined with further examples within self‐interactions of mucins possessing different saccharide decorations, polyelectrolyte complexation and multilayer formation, the examples indicate that a molecular understanding of various properties related to impact of residue sequences, duplex, and triplex organization can be established. Strategies similar to those included in the highlighted examples, also combined with novel tools, for example single‐molecule approaches, interrogated by combination of experimental and theoretical/numerical approaches, and investigated closer to the native biological state, are expected to further advance the field. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 99: 757–771, 2013.