bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temperature-induced activation and reversal of the relativistic ratchet currents on a graphene chip model
Authors: Manchein Cesar , Oliveira Tulio M , Rost Jan-Michael , Beims Marcus W 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We investigate a monolayer graphene chip’s relativistic ratchet current (RRC). Our findings indicate that thermal noise can paradoxically amplify the RRC, in contrast to its conventional inhibitory role. Under noise, temperature (T) activation of the RRC remains stable over a broader range of T values, and an increased number of RRCs reversals are observed as a function of T and relevant parameters of the external electric field. The results regarding structural changes and symmetry breaking of the dissipative attractors can be understood. The observed activation and reversal of RRCs under a variation of external parameters unveil the diverse and complex behavior of the charge carrier transport on the graphene chip. Understanding this behavior allows for generating specific RRCs values, properties and effects for the charge carriers, offering a variety of possibilities for application and control of the graphene chip device.
Exploring existence, uniqueness, and stability in nonlinear fractional boundary value problems with three-point boundary conditions
Authors: Poovarasan R , Abdeljawad Thabet , Govindaraj V 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the analysis of the existence, uniqueness, and stability of solutions for a Ψ-Caputo three-point nonlinear fractional boundary value problem using the Banach contraction principle and Sadovskii’s fixed point theorem. We demonstrate the practical implications of our analytical advancements for each situation, illustrating how the components of the fractional boundary value problem emerge in real-life occurrences. Our work significantly enhances the field of applied mathematics by offering analytical solutions and valuable insights.
Clinical and diagnostic implications of Alzheimer's disease copathology in Lewy body disease
Authors: Barba Lorenzo , Abu-Rumeileh Samir , Barthel Henryk , Massa Federico , Foschi Matteo , Bellomo Giovanni , Gaetani Lorenzo , Thal Dietmar R , Parnetti Lucilla , Otto Markus 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Concomitant Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology is a frequent event in the context of Lewy body disease (LBD), occurring in approximately half of all cases. Evidence shows that LBD patients with AD copathology show an accelerated disease course, a greater risk of cognitive decline and an overall poorer prognosis. However, LBD-AD cases may show heterogeneous motor and non-motor phenotypes with a higher risk of dementia and, consequently, be not rarely misdiagnosed.
In this review, we summarize the current understanding of LBD-AD by discussing the synergistic effects of AD neuropathological changes and Lewy pathology and their clinical relevance. Furthermore, we provide an extensive overview of neuroimaging and fluid biomarkers under assessment for use in LBD-AD and their possible diagnostic and prognostic values. AD pathology can be predicted in vivo by means of CSF, MRI and PET markers, whereas the most promising technique to date for identifying Lewy pathology in different biological tissues is the α-synuclein seed amplification assay. Pathological imaging and CSF AD biomarkers are associated with a higher likelihood of cognitive decline in LBD but do not always mirror the neuropathological severity as in pure AD. Implementing the use of blood-based AD biomarkers might allow faster screening of LBD patients for AD copathology, thus improving the overall diagnostic sensitivity for LBD-AD.
Finally, we discuss the literature on novel candidate biomarkers being exploited in LBD-AD to investigate other aspects of neurodegeneration, such as neuroaxonal injury, glial activation and synaptic dysfunction. The thorough characterization of AD copathology in LBD should be taken into account when considering differential diagnoses of dementia syndromes, to allow prognostic evaluation on an individual level, and to guide symptomatic and disease-modifying therapies.
Annexin A11 mutations are associated with nuclear envelope dysfunction in vivo and in human tissues
Authors: Marchica Valentina , Biasetti Luca , Barnard Jodi , Li Shujing , Nikolaou Nikolas , Frosch Matthew P , Lucente Diane E , Eldaief Mark , King Andrew , Fanto Manolis , Troakes Claire , Houart Corinne , Smith Bradley N 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Annexin A11 mutations are a rare cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), wherein replicated protein variants P36R, G38R, D40G and D40Y are located in a small helix within the long, disordered N-terminus. To elucidate disease mechanisms, we characterized the phenotypes induced by a genetic loss-of-function and by misexpression of G38R and D40G in vivo.
Loss of Annexin A11 results in a low-penetrant behavioural phenotype and aberrant axonal morphology in zebrafish homozygous knockout larvae, which is rescued by human wild-type Annexin A11. Both Annexin A11 knockout/down and ALS variants trigger nuclear dysfunction characterized by Lamin B2 mislocalization. The Lamin B2 signature also presented in anterior horn, spinal cord neurons from post-mortem ALS ± frontotemporal dementia patient tissue possessing G38R and D40G protein variants.
These findings suggest mutant Annexin A11 acts as a dominant negative, revealing a potential early nucleopathy highlighting nuclear envelope abnormalities preceding behavioural abnormality in animal models.
An explicit Maclaurin series solution to non-autonomous and non-homogeneous evolution equation, Omega Calculus and associated applications
Authors: Francisco Neto Antônio 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We give a new Omega Calculus (a.k.a MacMahon’s Partition Analysis) based integral-free representation for the solution of a non-autonomous and non-homogeneous evolution equation. Our new representation generalizes some of the main results of the recent work of Francisco Neto (2024, A basis- and integral-free representation of time-dependent perturbation theory via the Omega matrix calculus. Ann. Inst. Henri Poincaré D, 11, 383) and Bassom et al. (2023, An explicit Maclaurin series solution to a classic non-autonomous abstract evolution equation. Appl. Math. Lett., 139, 108537) and show that we can indeed compute the coefficients of the Maclaurin series solution associated with the evolution equation starting with the Peano–Baker series. Furthermore, we discuss in the context of our framework the inverse problem for homogeneous evolution equations in a Hilbert space answering a question left open by Bassom et al. in this case; i.e. assuming the solution of the homogeneous evolution equation is a known analytic function the problem concerns the determination of the associated generator of the dynamics. Finally, in order to illustrate the versatility of our approach we explicitly determine the Maclaurin series solution related to the power series method in the context of the vibration problems for the non-uniform (tapered) Euler–Bernoulli beam and thus we explicitly solve the recursion relations considered by Adair and Jaeger (2018, A power series solution for rotating nonuniform Euler–Bernoulli cantilever beams. J. Vib. Control, 24, 3855–3864).
Formal and informal hospital emergency management practices: managing for safety and performance amid crisis
Authors: Hayirli Tuna Cem , Kuznetsova Masha , Biddinger Paul D , Bambury Elizabeth A , Atkinson Mariam Krikorian 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Although formal preparedness for unexpected crises has long been a concern of health care policy and delivery, many hospitals struggled to manage staff and equipment shortages, precarious finances, and supply chain disruptions among other difficulties during the Coronavirus disease pandemic. Our purpose was to analyze how hospitals used formal and informal emergency management practices to maintain safe and high-quality care while responding to crisis. We conducted a qualitative study based on 26 interviews with hospital leaders and emergency managers from 12 US hospitals, purposively sampled to vary along geographic location, urban/rural delineation, size, resource availability, system membership, teaching status, and performance levels among other characteristics. In order to manage staff, space, supplies, and system- related challenges, hospitals engaged formal and informal practices around planning, teaming, and exchanging resources and information. Relying solely only on formal or informal practices proved inadequate, especially when prespecified plans, the incident command structure, and existing contracts and communication platforms failed to support resilient response. We identified emergent capabilities—imaginative planning, recombinant teaming, and transformational exchange—through which hospitals achieved harmonious interplay between the formal and informal practices of emergency management that supported safe care and resilience amid crisis. Managing emergent challenges for and amid crisis calls for health care delivery organizations to engage creative planning processes, enable motivated workers with diverse skill sets to team up, and establish rich inter- and intra-organizational partnerships that support vital exchange.
Non-literal lies are not exculpatory
Authors: Güngör Hüseyin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
One can lie by asserting non-literal content. If I tell you ‘You are the cream in my coffee’ while hating you, I can be rightfully accused of lying if my true emotions are unearthed. This is not easy to accommodate under many definitions of lying while preserving the lying-misleading distinction. The essential feature of non-literal utterances is their falsity when literally construed. This interferes with accounts of lying and misleading, because such accounts often combine a literal construal of what is said by an utterance with a falsity requirement for lying. In the presence of non-literal lies, such definitions fail to make plausible predictions for non-literal lies and merely misleading utterances together. In this article, I aim to fix this by extending Daniel Hoek’s pragmatic account of conversational exculpature to assertions in general. Since this mechanism is designed to compute the intended meanings of non-literal utterances, it straightforwardly predicts non-literal lies to be as such. The lying-misleading distinction is also preserved, because merely misleading utterances arise out of exploiting a different pragmatic mechanism—Gricean additive implicatures. Along the way, I also draw some general lessons about assertion and implicatures.
Rib-on-Pelvis Deformity and Reported Pain in Neuromuscular Early-Onset Scoliosis
Authors: Desai Vineet M. , Bowen Margaret , Anari Jason B. , Flynn John M. , Brooks Jaysson T. , Snyder Brian , Ramo Brandon , Li Ying , Andras Lindsay M. , Truong Walter H. , Fitzgerald Ryan , El-Hawary Ron , Roye Benjamin , Yaszay Burt , Kwan Kenny Yat Hong , McIntosh Amy , Nelson Susan , Gupta Purnendu , Erickson Mark , Garg Sumeet ,   Pediatric Spine Study Group, Cahill Patrick J. 
Published: July 2024

Background:
Neuromuscular early-onset scoliosis (N-EOS) often presents with a long sweeping thoracolumbar scoliosis and pelvic obliquity. With severe pelvic obliquity, the ribs come into contact with the high side of the pelvis, termed rib-on-pelvis deformity (ROP). The goal of this study is to evaluate whether ROP is associated with reported pain and other health-related quality of life (HRQOL) measures. We hypothesize that ROP is associated with increased pain and negative HRQOL.

Methods:
A multicenter international registry was queried for all nonambulatory patients with N-EOS from 2012 to 2022. Both surgical and nonsurgical patients were included. ROP was classified as a binary radiographic assessment of preoperative (surgical patients) and most recent follow-up (nonsurgical patients) upright radiographs. Reported pain and other HRQOL measures were assessed through the 24-Item Early Onset Scoliosis Questionnaire (EOSQ-24). Patients with nonupright radiographs or EOSQ-24 questionnaires and corresponding radiographs >4 months apart were excluded.

Results:
Totally, 225 patients (8.4±3.1 y, 55% female) were included. The median major curve was 63.3 (IQR: 40.6 to 81.2) degrees and median pelvic obliquity was 15.5 degrees (IQR: 8.8 to 26.4). Eighty-three patients (37%) had ROP. ROP was associated with both frequency (P<0.001) and severity (P<0.001) of pain. ROP was associated with worse general health (P=0.01), increased difficulty with vocalization (P=0.02), increased frequency of shortness of breath (P=0.002), and increased difficulty sitting upright (P=0.04). Regarding overall EOSQ-24 domains, ROP was associated with worse general health, pain/discomfort, pulmonary function, and physical function (P<0.01). In a subanalysis of 76 patients who underwent surgical intervention with at least 2 years of follow-up, patients with preoperative ROP experienced significantly greater improvements in both frequency (P=0.004) and severity (P=0.001) of pain than the patients without preoperative ROP at 2 years postoperatively.

Conclusions:
The overall incidence of ROP in N-EOS is about 37%. ROP is associated with greater pain and worse HRQOL through the EOSQ-24 questionnaire. Furthermore, these patients experienced a greater reduction in pain after surgery. Clinicians and parents must be aware that ROP is possibly a pain generator, but responds positively to surgical intervention.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.
Preoperative in-hospital delay increases postoperative morbidity and mortality in patients with acute appendicitis: a meta-analysis
Authors: Tang Gang , Zhang Linyu , Xia Lingying , Zhang Jie , Chen Rui , Zhou Rongxing 
Published: July 2024

Background:
Complicated appendicitis is associated with high morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. However, the relationship of preoperative in-hospital delay >24 h with complicated appendicitis and postoperative morbidity remains unclear. This meta-analysis investigated the effects of preoperative in-hospital delay on complicated appendicitis and postoperative morbidity in patients with acute appendicitis.

Materials and methods:
This study adheres to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 and A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR2) guidelines. The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases up to October 14, 2023 (updated on March 16, 2024) were searched for randomized controlled trials and observational studies that evaluated the effect of preoperative in-hospital delays of >24 h on acute appendicitis. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were also determined.

Results:
We yielded 18 130 records, of which 28 studies (512 881 patients) were included in the meta-analysis. The risk of bias was considered serious, moderate, and low for 24, 3, and 1 study, respectively. Although preoperative in-hospital delays of >24 h were not associated with a higher risk of surgical-site infection (OR: 1.04, 95% CI: 0.97, 1.12, P=0.25), in-hospital delays of >24 h were a risk factor for complicated appendicitis (OR: 1.60, 95% CI: 1.25, 2.05, P=0.0002), and postoperative complications (OR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.30, 1.75, P<0.00001). In addition, an in-hospital delay of >24 h before surgery increased the OR of postoperative mortality (OR: 1.81, 95% CI: 1.33, 2.45, P=0.0001). The sensitivity analyses also confirmed the robustness of our results.

Conclusions:
An in-hospital delay of >24 h is a risk factor for complicated appendicitis, postoperative complications, and mortality. Given the subsequent adverse outcomes of in-hospital delays, appendectomy should not be delayed for >24 h.
Development of a Standardized Nursing Handoff With Tablet Technology: A Quality Improvement Initiative
Authors: Miller Briana R. , Maye Kimberly A. , Charlton Frances D. 
Published: July 2024

Background:
Nursing handoff of complete and accurate information is critical for patient safety yet is often difficult to achieve with consistency between nursing departments.

Objective:
This quality improvement project aims to describe the development and piloting of a standardized handoff tool for administration by computer tablet for nursing report.

Methods:
This descriptive quality improvement initiative was conducted in an 885-bed Level I trauma center in the Southeast Region of the United States. The study was completed in three phases. First, emergency department and trauma intensive care unit nurses were surveyed to determine handoff barriers and best practices. Second, the survey information was used to develop a standardized handoff tool incorporating tablet technology. Third, staff pilot testing was performed, followed by a final survey to ascertain staff feedback on the tool.

Results:
A total of n = 120 nurses completed the surveys, and pilot testing was conducted on n = 177 patient handoffs. Ninety-five percent of nurses expressed satisfaction with the tool and 65% with the tablet.

Conclusion:
This study supported using a standardized handoff tool between the emergency department and trauma intensive care unit and substantiated the benefits of using a tablet for face-to-face communication.
Leveraging AI technology in sarcoidosis
Authors: Premjee Akiff , Li Lawrence , Garikapati Srilakashmi , Sarpong Kwabena Nketiah , Morgenthau Adam S. 
Published: July 2024

Purpose of review
Sarcoidosis is a systemic, granulomatous disease of uncertain cause. Diagnosis may be difficult, prognosis uncertain and response to treatment unpredictable. The application of artificial intelligence to sarcoidosis may provide clinical decision support for these challenges. This review will provide an overview of current and potential future applications of artificial intelligence in sarcoidosis.

Recent findings
The predominant application of artificial intelligence in sarcoidosis is imaging. Imaging models may differentiate sarcoidosis from other pulmonary disorders. Models, which predict survival and identify key factors relevant to prognosis are also available. The application of cluster analysis to organize sarcoidosis patients into developmental phenotypes is underway. Machine learning algorithms to evaluate the treatment response of sarcoidosis patients do not yet exist but similar models may evaluate patients with other inflammatory disease. The potential applications of artificial intelligence to sarcoidosis is vast, but there are practical limitations that warrant consideration. These include: the accessibility of data, biases in data, cost and privacy.

Summary
The application of artificial intelligence in medicine is still in its early stages but models are poised to support the diagnostic and prognostic challenges in sarcoidosis patients. The predictive power of these artificial intelligence is likely to come from combining various models, trained on content-rich datasets from phenotypically heterogeneous sarcoidosis patients.
Physical Activity Behaviors of Female Adolescents in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alali Muna Ali , Robbins Lorraine B. , Kao Tsui-Sui Annie , Ling Jiying , Pathak Dola , Smith Alan L. 
Published: July 2024

Background
Saudi Arabia has one of the highest childhood obesity rates worldwide. The primary factor associated with the high prevalence of obesity among adolescents is a lack of physical activity (PA). Compared to male adolescents, very few Saudi female adolescents meet the World Health Organization recommendation of achieving 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous PA per day, putting them at a higher risk of overweight and obesity.

Objective
This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the relationship between the theory of planned behavior and psychosocial factors, including attitude toward PA, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control (PBC), PA intention, and self-reported PA among Saudi female adolescents.

Methods
A convenience sample of 329 Saudi female adolescents was recruited from all-female public intermediate and high schools in the Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia. Data were collected using online self-administered questionnaires. The theoretical model was examined using structural equation modeling.

Results
The findings revealed a higher prevalence of overweight compared to obesity among participants. About half the participants were from families with a medium monthly income. The mean PA score indicated a low level of PA. The model demonstrated significant explanatory power for both PA intention and PA behavior, respectively. The strongest predictor of adolescents' intention was attitude, followed by PBC.
Moreover, the female adolescents' attitudes and PBC had significant indirect effects on self-reported PA through intention, whereas intention had a direct effect on PA. The model did not support a direct or indirect relationship between subjective norms and PA.

Discussion
The findings provide essential support for targeting attitude and perceived behavior control of female adolescents in order to enhance their PA intention. This theoretical understanding can help design effective theory-based interventions that promote PA among Saudi female adolescents.
Child Firearm-Related Homicide and Suicide by State Legislation in the US (2009 to 2020)
Authors: Haines Krista L , Gorenshtein Laura , Kaur Kavneet , Grisel Braylee , Kawano Bradley , Leraas Harold , Freeman Jennifer , Tripoli Todd , Fernandez-Moure Joseph , Agarwal Suresh 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND:
Firearms are the leading cause of death among US children and adolescents. This study evaluates whether state gun laws are associated with firearm suicides and homicides in children.

STUDY DESIGN:
This is a cross-sectional database study comparing childhood firearm mortality with 36 state firearm laws using data from CDC WONDER and the RAND State Firearm Law Database. Primary outcomes were firearm-related suicide and homicide mortalities per 100,000 persons. We examined suicide deaths by all firearms, including intentional self-harm by handguns only, intentional self-harm by rifles, shotguns, or large firearms only, and intentional self-harm by other or unspecified firearms, as well as homicide deaths for the same firearm types in each state. Welch’s t-tests compared mean rates of suicide and homicide mortality between states with and without these laws. States that either enacted or rescinded firearm legislation during this period were excluded.

RESULTS:
From 2009 to 2020, there were 6,735 suicides and 10,278 homicides by firearm totaling 17,013 child deaths (younger than 18 years of age) by firearm. States with “child access prevention-negligent storage” laws demonstrated lower suicide mortality rates across all firearm types (handguns: N 13, M [mean per 100,000] 0.68, SD 0.27, p < 0.001; long guns: N 12, M 0.65, SD 0.25, p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in mean suicide death rates across all firearm types when comparing states with or without firearm laws related to “minimum age youth possession,” “minimum age youth purchase and sale,” or “child access prevention intentional.” Comparing homicide mortality rates for all firearm types revealed no notable distinctions between states with and without the identified laws.

CONCLUSIONS:
Firearm legislation is associated with decreased suicide rates for individuals younger than 18 years of age, but its influence on homicides is less certain. Comprehensive research and thoughtful policy formulation are essential for addressing this pressing public health concern.