bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The evolution of Cow’s Milk-related Symptom Score (CoMiSS™) in presumed healthy infants
Authors: Bajerova Katerina , Hrabcova Karolina , Vandenplas Yvan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe Cow’s Milk-related Symptom Score (CoMiSS™) is a scoring system that reflects the appearance and intensity of symptoms possibly related to consumption of cow’s milk. The original tool was recently updated by changing the cut-off, and the stool scale and by adding angioedema. There is no data available regarding the natural evolution of CoMiSS in infants with no cow’s milk allergy (no-CMA) or a comparison between original and updated CoMiSS values. We determined the original and the updated CoMiSS in infants not diagnosed with cow’s milk allergy. The evolution of CoMiSS during the first year of life was assessed repetitively during predefined check-ups at 1.5, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 months. The original and updated scores were compared with the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test. We also tested the impact of feeding type, age, gender, and order in the family on the CoMiSS. One hundred and twenty-two infants were included. CoMiSS values during the first year of life showed an inverse relation to age. The difference in CoMiSS between the original and updated versions was significant at 6,8,10, and 12 months (p < 0.001), related to the switch from the Bristol Stool Form Scale to the Brussels Infants and Toddlers Stool Scale (BITSS). The difference between both versions of CoMiSS was not significantly different in infants < 6 months (p = 0.999 at 1.5 and 4 months, and p = 0.586 at 3 months, respectively).Conclusion: CoMiSS decreases with age during the first year of life. While there is no difference between the two CoMiSS versions in healthy infants under 6 months of age, the CoMiSS value in the updated version is lower than the original 1 in infants aged 6 to 12 months.

What is known?• The Cow’s Milk-related Symptom Score (CoMiSS) is a validated awareness tool for cow’s milk allergy (CMA).• A CoMiSS of ≥ 10 indicates a risk for cow’s milk allergy.

What is new?• The natural evolution of CoMiSS in infants not diagnosed with CMA (no-CMA) shows an inverse relation to age.• There is no difference between the original and the updated CoMiSS versions in no-CMA-infants under six months of age, but the updated CoMiSS is lower in infants 6–12 months than the original one.
Advances in the understanding of nuclear pore complexes in human diseases
Authors: Li Yuxuan , Zhu Jie , Zhai Fengguang , Kong Lili , Li Hong , Jin Xiaofeng 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are sophisticated and dynamic protein structures that straddle the nuclear envelope and act as gatekeepers for transporting molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. NPCs comprise up to 30 different proteins known as nucleoporins (NUPs). However, a growing body of research has suggested that NPCs play important roles in gene regulation, viral infections, cancer, mitosis, genetic diseases, kidney diseases, immune system diseases, and degenerative neurological and muscular pathologies.

Purpose
In this review, we introduce the structure and function of NPCs. Then We described the physiological and pathological effects of each component of NPCs which provide a direction for future clinical applications.

Methods
The literatures from PubMed have been reviewed for this article.

Conclusion
This review summarizes current studies on the implications of NPCs in human physiology and pathology, highlighting the mechanistic underpinnings of NPC-associated diseases.
Validation of A 3D-printed simulator for training in endoscopic injection of bulking agent for vesicoureteral reflux: a pilot study
Authors: Escolino Maria , Chiodi Annalisa , Esposito Giovanni , Di Mento Claudia , Florio Luisa , Porcaro Mauro , Esposito Ciro 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Simulation-based training plays a significant role in surgical education, especially in minimally invasive pediatric surgery and urology. This study aimed to evaluate a novel 3D-printed model as training tool for endoscopic injection of bulking agent.

Methods
Forty-three attendees and ten teaching faculty members were invited to complete a post hoc questionnaire after completing training sessions using the Fish Tank Simulation Model (FTSM). The survey consisted of a 7-question 5-point Likert scale to assess the model’s realism (face validity) and its effectiveness as training tool (content validity).

Results
Regarding the training status, 20/53 (37.7%) participants were fellow and/or specialist in pediatric surgery and 33/53 (62.3%) were surgeons in training. Their level of confidence in endoscopic injection procedure was defined as novice (< 10 procedures per year) in 33/53 (62.3%), intermediate (10–20 procedures per year) in 10/53 (18.9%), and expert (> 20 procedures per year) in 10/53 (18.9%). Regarding both face validity and content validity assessments, no statistically significant differences were found between scores given by novice vs intermediate/expert groups. Similarly, no statistically significant differences emerged between scores given by participant vs faculty groups assessing the content validity of the FTSM. The FTSM was considered a good teaching tool for beginners by 44/53 (83%) and for pediatric surgeons/urologists by 38/53 (71.7%).

Conclusions
The 3D-printed Fish Tank Simulation Model proved to be a valuable, high-fidelity, easily accessible, cost-effective, hygienic, and domestic-use training tool for pediatric surgeons/urologists conducting the procedure. The model’s user-friendly design and realistic environment enhanced learning opportunities for trainees, regardless of their experience level or training status. Nevertheless, further development is necessary, particularly in enhancing the realism of the ureteral hiatus and reproducing more complex anatomy, to make it beneficial for the training of advanced surgeons.
Nonlinear dynamic analysis of shear- and torsion-free rods using isogeometric discretization and outlier removal
Authors: Nguyen Thi-Hoa , Roccia Bruno A. , Hiemstra René R. , Gebhardt Cristian G. , Schillinger Dominik 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we present a discrete formulation of nonlinear shear- and torsion-free rods introduced by Gebhardt and Romero (Acta Mechanica 232(10):3825–3847, 2021) that uses isogeometric discretization and robust time integration. Omitting the director as an independent variable field, we reduce the number of degrees of freedom and obtain discrete solutions in multiple copies of the Euclidean space

$$\left( \mathbb {R}^3\right) $$

R

3

, which is larger than the corresponding multiple copies of the manifold

$$\left( \mathbb {R}^3 \varvec{\times } S^2\right) $$

R

3

×

S
2

obtained with standard Hermite finite elements. For implicit time integration, we choose the same integration scheme as Gebhardt and Romero in (2021) that is a hybrid form of the midpoint and the trapezoidal rules. In addition, we apply a recently introduced approach for outlier removal by Hiemstra et al. (Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 387:114115, 2021) that reduces high-frequency content in the response without affecting the accuracy, ensuring robustness of our nonlinear discrete formulation. We illustrate the efficiency of our nonlinear discrete formulation for static and transient rods under different loading conditions, demonstrating good accuracy in space, time and the frequency domain. Our numerical example coincides with a relevant application case, the simulation of mooring lines.
TypeFormer: transformers for mobile keystroke biometrics
Authors: Stragapede Giuseppe , Delgado-Santos Paula , Tolosana Ruben , Vera-Rodriguez Ruben , Guest Richard , Morales Aythami 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe broad usage of mobile devices nowadays, the sensitiveness of the information contained in them, and the shortcomings of current mobile user authentication methods are calling for novel, secure, and unobtrusive solutions to verify the users’ identity. In this article, we propose TypeFormer, a novel transformer architecture to model free-text keystroke dynamics performed on mobile devices for the purpose of user authentication. The proposed model consists in temporal and channel modules enclosing two long short-term memory recurrent layers, Gaussian range encoding, a multi-head self-attention mechanism, and a block-recurrent transformer layer. Experimenting on one of the largest public databases to date, the Aalto mobile keystroke database, TypeFormer outperforms current state-of-the-art systems achieving equal error rate values of 3.25% using only five enrolment sessions of 50 keystrokes each. In such way, we contribute to reducing the traditional performance gap of the challenging mobile free-text scenario with respect to its desktop and fixed-text counterparts. To highlight the design rationale, an analysis of the experimental results of the different modules implemented in the development of TypeFormer is carried out. Additionally, we analyse the behaviour of the model with different experimental configurations such as the length of the keystroke sequences and the amount of enrolment sessions, showing margin for improvement.
SERS-active core-satellite nanostructures in a membrane filter-integrated microfluidic device for sensitive and continuous detection of trace molecules
Authors: Wu Li-An , Hsieh Kai-Ting , Lin Chien-Shen , Wang Yuh-Lin , Chen Yih-Fan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe developed a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-active plasmonic core-satellite nanostructure and incorporated it into a membrane filter-integrated microfluidic device for continuous monitoring of molecules in solution. The core-satellite nanostructures were fabricated by immobilizing a high number density of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on silica beads.to create many nanogaps among the AuNPs. The sizes of the nanogaps were fine-tuned by adding a silver (Ag) shell to optimize the SERS activity. In addition, citrate molecule, the capping agent of the nanoparticles, was displaced by alkali halides. The displacement not only reduced the SERS signals of citrate but also enhanced the adsorption of target molecules. The alkali halide-treated core-satellite nanostructures were accumulated onto a membrane filter integrated into a microfluidic device, serving as a uniform and sensitive SERS substrate. By increasing the volume of the sample solution flowing through the membrane filter, we increased the number of molecules adsorbed to the nanostructures, amplifying the intensities of their characteristic Raman peaks. Our microfluidic SERS device demonstrated continuous SERS detection of malachite green at a concentration as low as 500 fM. In summary, while various core-satellite nanostructures and microfluidic SERS devices have been reported, the integration of the membrane filter-containing microfluidic device with the core-satellite nanostructures facilitated sensitive and continuous molecule detection in our study.
Fetal agenesis of corpus callosum: chromosomal copy number abnormalities and postnatal follow-up
Authors: Cai Meiying , Lin Na , Fu Meimei , Que Yanting , Huang Hailong , Xu Liangpu 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective
Agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC) is an anomaly that can occur in fetuses during pregnancy. However, there is currently no treatment for fetal ACC. Therefore, we conducted a retrospective analysis of obstetric outcomes of fetal ACC to explore the relationship between fetal ACC phenotypes and chromosomal copy number abnormalities.

Methods and results
Amniotic fluid or umbilical cord blood were extracted from pregnant women with fetal ACC for karyotype analysis and chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA). Among the 48 fetuses with ACC, 22 (45.8%, 22/48) had isolated ACC, and 26 (54.2%, 26/48) had non-isolated ACC. Chromosomal abnormalities were detected via karyotype analysis in four cases. In addition to the four cases of pathogenic copy number variations (CNVs) detected using karyotype analysis, CMA revealed two cases of pathogenic CNVs with 17q12 microduplication and 16p12.2 microdeletion. The obstetric outcomes of 26 patients with non-isolated ACC were followed up, and 17 chose to terminate the pregnancy. In addition, seven of the nine cases with non-isolated ACC showed no obvious abnormality during postnatal follow-up, whereas only one case with normal CMA showed an abnormal phenotype at six months. Of the 22 patients with isolated ACC, six chose to terminate the pregnancy. Postnatal follow-up of 16 isolated ACC cases revealed only one with benign CNV, presenting with intellectual disability.

Conclusion
Pregnant women with fetal ACC should be offered prenatal CMA, particularly non-isolated ACC. Patients with ACC should undergo prolonged postnatal follow-up, and appropriate intervention should be provided if necessary.
Comparison of Performance of NiCr2O4 and Cr2O3 Formed on the Ni-Based Superalloy RR1000 Under Corrosive Conditions
Authors: Gray S. , Mphahlele M. , Collins D. M. , Jackson C. , Hardy M. C. , Taylor M. P. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSamples of the Ni-based superalloy, RR1000, were exposed to 98% Na2SO4/2% NaCl salts at 700 °C with a flux of 1.5 µg cm−2 h−1 in flowing air + 300 ppm SO2 for a total of 250 h. Three pre-exposure conditions were studied: a bare reference alloy; fast heating to the test temperature followed by a 100 h hold; heating at a rate of 5 °C min−1 to the test temperature following by a 100 h hold. The surface oxide formed under the latter two conditions were Cr2O3 or NiCr2O4, respectively. The results show corrosion pit formation on the surface of the base, reference sample, and no pits present on the sample with the preformed Cr2O3. Some protection was found for the sample heated at 5 °C min−1 with a delay in the progression to accelerated corrosion attack. Additional testing under moisture containing air was also conducted. This showed no obvious difference in surface oxide morphology under the two tested heating rates for the short-term exposures examined but a difference was noted to be dependent on the moisture content of the air.
The New SH3b_T Domain Increases the Structural and Functional Variability Among SH3b-Like CBDs from Staphylococcal Phage Endolysins
Authors: Vázquez Roberto , Gutiérrez Diana , Grimon Dennis , Fernández Lucía , García Pilar , Rodríguez Ana , Briers Yves 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEndolysins, proteins encoded by phages to lyse their hosts and release their progeny, have evolved to adapt to the structural features of each host. The endolysins from Staphylococcus-infecting phages typically feature complex architectures with two enzymatically active domains (EADs) and one cell wall-binding domain (CBD) belonging to the bacterial SH3 (SH3b) superfamily. This study focuses on three SH3b-like CBDs from representative staphylococcal phage endolysins (LysRODI, LysC1C and LysIPLA5) that were structurally and functionally characterized. While RODI_CBD and C1C_CBD were assigned to the well-known SH3_5 family, a new family, SH3b_T (PF24246), was identified using the CBD from LysIPLA5 as a model. GFP-fused CBDs were created to assess their differential binding to a collection of staphylococcal strains. IPLA5_CBD showed enhanced binding to Staphylococcus epidermidis, while RODI_CBD and C1C_CBD exhibited distinct binding profiles, with RODI_CBD targeting Staphylococcus aureus specifically and C1C_CBD displaying broad binding. Sequence comparisons suggested that a few differences in key amino acids could be responsible for the latter binding difference. The CBDs modulated the activity spectrum of synthetic EAD-CBD combinations in accordance with the previous binding profiles, but in a manner that was also dependent on the EAD present in the fusion protein. These results serve as a context for the diversity and versatility of SH3b domains in staphylococcal endolysins, providing insights on how (i) the CBDs from this superfamily have diverged to adapt to diverse bacterial ligands in spite of sharing a common fold; and (ii) the evolution of specificity relies on the EAD-CBD combination rather than solely the CBD.
Deciphering climate change impacts on resource extraction supply chain: a systematic review
Authors: Qarahasanlou Ali Nouri , Garmabaki A. H. S. , Kasraei Ahmad , Barabady Javad 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMining is becoming increasingly vulnerable to the effects of climate change (CC). The vulnerability stems from changing weather patterns, leading to extreme weather events that can cause damage to equipment, infrastructure, and mining facilities and disrupt operations. The new demand from governments and international agreements has placed additional pressure on mining industries to update their policies in order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to CC. This includes implementing carbon pricing systems, utilizing renewable energy, and focusing on sustainable development. Most mining and exploration industries prioritize reducing mining’s impact on climate change rather than adapting to extreme weather events. Therefore, it is important to study and investigate the impacts of climate change on the mining sector. This paper aims to investigate the challenges and strategies for adapting to and mitigating the impacts of climate change on mining through a systematic literature review. The results indicate that the majority of proposed models and strategies in the mining field are still in the conceptual phase, with fewer practical implementations. It has been identified that there is a requirement for long-term planning, improved risk management plans, and increased awareness and education within the industry. Practical strategies such as integrating renewable energy, enhancing operational safety, and improving water and tailings management have been recognized as crucial for effective climate change adaptation and mitigation.
New silica-based adsorbents for water purification: Removal of short- and long-chain perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids (PFSA) at sub-nanomolar concentrations
Authors: Lassen Stephan , Niemeyer Bernd 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPerfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) are widespread in the aquatic environment and also measurable in ground and drinking water. Because of the insufficient PFAA elimination in conventional water treatment processes, e. g. active carbon based methods, consumers in areas with contaminated water supplies are exposed to an elevated health hazard. For this purpose, the applicability of five differentially fluorinated silica-based adsorbents (HSU00107954-958) to remove the potentially human toxic perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids(PFSAs) perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), and perfluorobutane sulfonic acid (PFBS) from water was investigated with regard to removal efficiencies (REs) and equilibrium loadings. During the adsorbent screening at nanomolar concentrations (20.0–33.4 nmol L−1) maximum REs of 46.9% for PFBS (HSU00107954), 79.4% for PFHxS (HSU00107954), and between 86.5 to 96.7% for PFOS (HSU00107956, and HSU00107954, respectively) have been achieved. Even at picomolar concentrations (< 400 pmol L−1) HSU00107954 was still able to eliminate PFBS and PFHxS with an efficiency of 46.3–51.2% and 79.1–88.2%, respectively. Analyses of the equilibrium loadings of the functionalized adsorbents in the concentration range 40.1 pmol to 3.34 nmol L−1 resulted in appropriate linearized Freundlich isotherms for all investigated PFSA. Compared to literature-based Freundlich adsorption coefficients (KF) for granular activated carbon (GAC), the determined KF values (nmol(1−n) Ln m−2) of the most efficient adsorbents HSU00107956 and HSU00107954 for each PFSA were significantly 8–10 and 50–60 times higher, respectively. These proven increased adsorption capacities relative to activated carbon possibly indicate specific PFSA selectivities of the functionalized macroporous silica adsorbents.
Ultra-Thin Metasurface Polarization Converter with Linear and Circular Polarization Features for RCS Applications
Authors: Alahmed Albasry Fadi , Ozturk Gokhan , Hasar Ugur Cem , Corapsiz Muhammed Fatih 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this study, an attractive ultra-thin metasurface (MS) converter is proposed for both K-band (18–27 GHz) and Ka-band (27–40 GHz) having the superior performance of the linear-to-linear polarization (LP-LP) conversion and the linear-to-circular polarization (LP-CP) conversion. Its operating bandwidth for the LP-LP conversion is approximately over 18.6–26.7 GHz (lower part of the K-band) with a conversion efficiency of more than 90% and over 19.55–24.8 GHz (upper part of the K-band) with a polarization conversion ratio (PCR) value of more than 99%. In addition, its operating bandwidth for the LP-CP conversion (a left-handed circular polarization (LHCP)) is nearly between 31.8 and 40.5 GHz (Ka-band) with a PCR value of more than 99%. The converter can achieve a PCR value greater than 90% for both the LP-LP and LP-CP conversions for an oblique incidence wave with an incidence angle up to $$ 40^\circ $$

40
∘

. The design also provides mono-static radar cross section for the 18.6–26.7 GHz frequency range, where the LP-LP conversion is provided. The proposed structure can be considered to be ultra-thin having a thickness of 1 mm corresponding to 0.075$$\lambda $$
λ
in the LP-LP and 0.12$$\lambda $$
λ
in the LP-CP cases concerning the center frequency. The cost-effective bandwidths (BWCEs) are 210 and 34 for the LP-LP and LP-CP conversions, respectively. Free-space experiments were carried out at X-band and Ku-band to validate our design.
Efficacy assessment in crop protection: a tutorial on the use of Abbott’s formula
Authors: Piepho Hans-Peter , Malik Waqas Ahmed , Bischoff Robert , El-Hasan Abbas , Scheer Christian , Sedlmeier Jan Erik , Gerhards Roland , Petschenka Georg , Voegele Ralf T. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn 1925, the American entomologist Walter Sidney Abbott proposed an equation for assessing efficacy, and it is still widely used today for analysing controlled experiments in crop protection and phytomedicine. Typically, this equation is applied to each experimental unit and the efficacy estimates thus obtained are then used in analysis of variance and least squares regression procedures. However, particularly regarding the common assumptions of homogeneity of variance and normality, this approach is often inaccurate. In this tutorial paper, we therefore revisit Abbott’s equation and outline an alternative route to analysis via generalized linear mixed models that can satisfactorily deal with these distributional issues. Nine examples from entomology, weed science and phytopathology, each with a different focus and methodological peculiarity, are used to illustrate the framework.
The Whys and Hows of Theory—Comparing Cognitive Science and Economics
Authors: Rich Patricia 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGiven the ongoing debates about the replication crisis, theory crisis, and cooperation among disciplines in cognitive science, it is instructive to compare cognitive science with economics. The two fields face common challenges, most importantly in that both study complex, open systems. The strategies for facing these challenges, however, are quite different. Economics was long dominated by theory. Cognitive science takes a multidisciplinary approach, and despite its attendant diversity is dominated by psychology, which itself often neglects theory. I defend economics’ use of theory, characterizing its formal modeling tradition as an effective divide-and-conquer strategy for understanding complex, open systems. I argue that theory and experimentation ideally support one another, making replicability less of an issue. I also discuss the appropriate level(s) of analysis in economics and cognitive science as products of the systems they study. Finally, I compare the two fields’ very different community structures, treating economics as a cautionary tale and advocating pluralism.