bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In search of the cancer candidate: can lay epidemiology help?
Authors: Macdonald Sara , Watt Graham , Macleod Una 
Published: September 2012

AbstractFirst published in 1991, the ideas embedded in ‘Lay epidemiology and the prevention paradox’ offered a novel and rational explanation for the lay public’s failure to fully engage with the lifestyle messages offered by health educators. During the course of a large ethnographic study in South Wales, Davison and colleagues described the emergence of what they termed the coronary candidate. Candidacy provides a ‘cultural mechanism’ that facilitates the estimation of risk for coronary heart disease. The model has rarely been applied to other major illnesses. This article presents findings from a study that sought to explore the lay epidemiology model, candidacy and cancer. In a series of in‐depth individual interviews, members of the lay public discussed their ideas about cancer, and what emerged was an explanatory hierarchy to account for cancer events. Yet the random and unpredictable nature of cancer was emphasised as well as a general reluctance to accept the idea of cancer candidacy.
Inviting pain? Pain, dualism and embodiment in narratives of self‐injury
Authors: Chandler Amy 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe role of pain in the practice of self‐injury is not straightforward. Existing accounts suggest that self‐injury does not cause ‘physical’ pain, however self‐injury is also said to alleviate ‘emotional’ pain by inflicting ‘physical’ pain. This article explores these tensions using sociological theories regarding the socio‐cultural and subjective nature of pain. Analysis derives from in‐depth, life‐story interviews carried out in the UK with people who had self‐injured. Findings contribute to on‐going debates within social science regarding the nature of pain. Participants’ narratives about pain and self‐injury both drew on and challenged dualistic models of embodiment. I suggest that self‐injury offers a unique case on which to extend existing theoretical work, which has tended to focus on pain as an unwanted and uninvited entity. In contrast, accounts of self‐injury can feature pain as a central aspect of the practice, voluntarily invited into lived experience.
Restoring the Narrative of American Environmentalism
Authors: Minteer Ben A. , Pyne Stephen J. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe conventional narrative of American environmentalism is no longer very helpful for conservationists and restorationists seeking philosophical justification and guidance for their work. The tradition has often been cropped into a narrower and simplified account of the battle between the philosophies of wise use and preservation, a move bolstered by the turn to historical images of President Teddy Roosevelt and John Muir visiting California's Yosemite National Park in the early years of the twentieth century. This cropped conservation picture needs to be restored and widened to engage the pragmatism that has always been a part of the U.S. environmental tradition, but that became eclipsed by preservationist ideology with the rise of the fields of environmental history and environmental philosophy in the late twentieth century. Restoring this lost pragmatism to the environmental tradition will prove vital to recovering the value of environmental history and philosophy for conservation and restoration practice and to reclaiming a more holistic and useful narrative of people, culture, and environment.
Duplication of the sodium channel gene cluster on 2q24 in children with early onset epilepsy
Authors: Goeggel Simonetti Barbara , Rieubland Claudine , Courage Carolina , Strozzi Susi , Tschumi Sibylle , Gallati Sabina , Lemke Johannes R. 
Published: September 2012

SummaryPurpose:  Sodium channel gene aberrations are associated with a wide range of seizure disorders, particularly Dravet syndrome. They usually consist of missense or truncating gene mutations or deletions. Duplications involving multiple genes encoding for different sodium channels are not widely known. This article summarizes the clinical, radiologic, and genetic features of patients with 2q24 duplication involving the sodium channel gene cluster.Methods:  A systematic review of the literature and report of two cases.Key Findings:  Nine individuals with 2q24 duplication involving the sodium channel gene cluster are described (seven female, two male). All presented with severe seizures refractory to anticonvulsant drugs. Seizure onset was in the neonatal period in eight patients with SCN1A‐involvement, in infancy in one patient with SCN2A and SCN3A, but no SCN1A involvement. Seizure activity decreased and eventually stopped at 5–20 months of age. Seizures recurred at the age of 3 years in the patient with SCN2A and SCN3A, but no SCN1A involvement. Eight patients had a poor neurodevelopmental outcome despite seizure freedom.Significance:  This article describes a distinct seizure disorder associated with a duplication of the sodium gene cluster on 2q24 described in otherwise healthy neonates and infants with severe, anticonvulsant refractory seizures and poor developmental outcome despite seizure freedom occurring at the age of 5–20 months.
The Preoperative Sexual Functioning and Quality of Sexual Life in Colorectal Cancer: A Study among Patients and Their Partners
Authors: Traa Marjan Johanna , De Vries Jolanda , Roukema Jan Anne , Den Oudsten Brenda Leontine 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Even though the body of literature on sexual functioning is growing, information on the preoperative sexual functioning and the quality of sexual life after colorectal cancer is lacking. Research focusing on female patients and on partners is also rather scarce.

Aim
This cross-sectional study aimed to describe the preoperative sexual functioning, quality of sexual life, and relationship functioning for male and female colorectal cancer patients and their partners. In addition, the mean scores of the patients and partners were compared with mean norm scores.

Methods
Patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer (N = 136) and their partners (N = 106) were recruited before surgical treatment in six Dutch hospitals.

Main Outcome Measures
Men completed the International Index of Erectile Functioning, while women completed the Female Sexual Function Index. All partnered participants completed the Golombok-Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction and the Maudsley Marital Questionnaire. The mean scores were compared with mean norm scores derived from the manuals of the questionnaires.

Results
All participants were in a heterosexual relationship. Female patients reported a lower quality of sexual life compared with male patients. Male partners reported a lower sexual functioning and a lower quality of sexual life compared with male patients. Colorectal cancer patients and partners (both sexes) reported a lower sexual functioning and a lower quality of sexual life compared with norm populations but scored similar on relationship functioning.

Conclusion
A lower sexual functioning and a lower quality of sexual life are already reported preoperatively; however, relationship functioning was comparable with a norm population. Therefore, all the impairment seen after treatment should not be solely attributed to the effects of treatment.
Impact of the invasion of the imported fire ant
Authors: Vinson S. Bradleigh 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe impact of the imported fire ant (IFA) is complex, in large part, because several very different species of “Fire Ants” have invaded and one of these has two forms, all of which are hard to separate by the public, as well as, some investigators not focused on the ant. Each of these different “IFA” species and forms differ in their impact. Further, these ants impact a number of “things” ranging from the environment and wildlife (plants and animals) as well as people, their environment and infrastructure. In addition, they can not only lead to death of living things (including people), but they can destroy many aspects of our environment and infrastructure at the cost of millions of dollars. But there are some beneficial aspects and some people can make many thousands of dollars due to their presence. This is an attempt to look at these issues.
Ischemic Bowel Disease and Risk of Stroke: A One-Year Follow-up Study
Authors: Kang Jiunn-Horng , Keller Joseph J. , Lin Herng-Ching 
Published: September 2012

Background Ischemic bowel disease and stroke have been noted to have shared pathomechanisms. However, data regarding the stroke occurrence following ischemic bowel disease are still lacking. Aim The aim of this study is to explore the risk of stroke in patients with ischemic bowel disease during a one-year follow-up period in Taiwan. Methods Data used in this study were retrieved from the ‘Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2000. Five hundred sixty-nine patients hospitalized with ischemic bowel disease were included as the study group, and 3414 subjects, matched by age and gender, were randomly extracted as a comparison group. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was performed to test the relationship of ischemic bowel disease and subsequent stroke during the one-year follow-up period. Results The incidence rate of stroke among the sampled subjects during the 30-day, 90-day, and 365-day follow-up period was 1·24, 0·76, and 0·43 per 10 person-years. The adjusted hazard ratio for stroke for those patients with ischemic bowel disease within 30-, 90-, and 365-day follow-up periods was found to be 3·71 (95% confidence interval = 1·89–7·27), 2·11 (95% confidence interval = 1·22–3·66), and 1·70 (95% confidence interval = 1·14–2·52) times that of matched comparisons, respectively. The adjusted hazard ratio of ischemic stroke for patients with ischemic bowel disease was found to be 5·29 during the 30-day follow-up period than comparisons. Conclusions We found ischemic bowel disease to be significantly associated with stroke occurrence.
Thromboelastography in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Elliott Andrea , Wetzel Jeremy , Roper Tiffany , Pivalizza Evan , McCarthy James , Wallace Cristina , Hess Mary Jane , Peng Hui , Rahbar Mohammad H. , Sangha Navdeep , Grotta James C. 
Published: September 2012

Background Thromboelastography measures the dynamics of coagulation. There are limited data about thromboelastography in acute ischemic stroke other than a single study from 1974 suggesting that acute ischemic stroke patients are hypercoagulable. There have been no studies of thromboelastography in the thrombolytic era despite its potential usefulness as a measure of clot lysis. This study was designed to provide initial thromboelastography data in stroke patients before and after tissue plasminogen activator therapy and to provide the necessary preliminary data for further study of thromboelastography's ability to identify clot subtype and predict response to tissue plasminogen activator therapy. Methods All acute ischemic stroke patients presenting between 11/2009 and 2/2011 eligible for tissue plasminogen activator therapy were screened and 56 enrolled. Blood was drawn before (52 patients) and 10 mins after tissue plasminogen activator bolus (30 patients). Demographics, vitals, labs, 24 h National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, and computed tomography scan results were collected. Patients were compared with normal controls. Results Acute ischemic stroke patients had shorter R (4·8 ± 1·5 vs. 6·0 ± 1·7 min, P = 0·0004), greater a Angle (65·0 ± 7·6 vs. 61·5 ± 5·9°, P = 0·01), and shorter K (1·7 ± 0·7 vs. 2·1 ± 0·7 min, P = 0·002) indicating faster clotting. Additionally, a subset formed clots with stronger platelet-fibrin matrices. Treatment with tissue plasminogen activator resulted in reduction in all indices of clot strength (LY30 = 0 (0–0·4) vs. 94·4 (15·2–95·3) P < 0·0001); however, there was considerable variability in response. Conclusions Thromboelastography demonstrates that many acute ischemic stroke patients are hypercoaguable. Thromboelastography values reflect variable clot subtype and response to tissue plasminogen activator. Further study based on these data will determine if thromboelastography is useful for measuring the dynamic aspects of clot formation and monitoring lytic therapy.
Sedimentary Crust and Metallogeny of Granitoid Affinity: Implications from the Geotectonic Histories of the Circum‐Japan Sea Region, Central Andes and Southeastern Australia
Authors: Sato Kohei 
Published: September 2012

AbstractMetallogeny of granitoid affinity was reviewed from the aspect of geotectonic history of the continental crust, particularly of the genesis of sedimentary crust involved in magmatism. The redox state of granitoids and related mineralization shows a remarkable contrast between the east and west sides of the Pacific Rim, but if examined closely, the reduced‐type and oxidized‐type granitoid provinces are juxtaposed in three regions: the circum‐Japan Sea region, the central Andes, and the Lachlan Fold Belt in southeastern Australia. Comparative study of these regions revealed that the reduced‐type magmatism associated with Sn mineralization generated in thick sedimentary crust which formed in three geotectonic environments: (i) accretionary terrane along a subduction zone (e.g. Jurassic East Asia), (ii) continental rift (e.g. Early Paleozoic Andes), and (iii) mega‐fan (e.g. Early Paleozoic southeastern Australia). A collisional orogen can provide large amounts of clastic sediment to these environments. The age gap between the magmatism and sedimentation varies depending on the tectonic evolution of individual regions. Thin sedimentary crust may not play an essential role for the reduced‐type magmatism. The oxidized‐type magmatism associated with porphyry Cu and other mineralization generated in the crust which was initially carbon‐free igneous crust or modified from sedimentary crust by magmatism. Subduction‐related basaltic magmas are relatively oxidized, and may enhance fO2 conditions of granitoid activity. Repeated magmatism in a monotonous convergent margin may be favorable for porphyry Cu mineralization as exemplified in the eastern Pacific Rim.
Forensic expertise and judicial practice: evidence or proof?
Authors: Apostolov Aleksandar 
Published: September 2012

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesThis study presents for discussion the possibility of adopting a hypothesis of absolute truth in forensic serology and DNA testing of biological traces, taking into account identification probability, which is usually assumed to be greater than 95%. Can this be so? Established identity and mathematically calculated probability below this rate is not false because it depends on the sensitivity of the method, the possible number of variations and theoretical combinations. The result from a study can be considered a 100% identification result only if this study takes account of absolutely all quantitative criteria that characterize it.MethodsUnder the conditions of continually evolving theory and practice, and the introduction of modified and expanded methods for analysis of biological materials, it may therefore be asked which method considers ‘everything’. Although this finding is nihilistic, it reflects a truth, which we can define as absolute. In forensic practice, research methods assumed to be orientation ones and others identified as evidence for the presence of biological traces on objects carriers, are routinely employed.ResultsBased on several groups of forensic cases, the question of the limits of precision and relevance of the results to the categories of evidence and proof is formulated and discussed. Three groups of expertise cases are presented, which warrant discussion: (i) a study of condoms with genetic material on both sides: female DNA on the outer surface and male DNA on the inner. What is this evidence for or what does it prove?; (ii) a study of cigarette butts found at a crime scene with deposited cellular material from the offender. Is this evidence or proof?; (iii) the DNA expertise in the case of controversial parental origin or the vasectomy of the man referred to as the father.ConclusionsWhat will the court choose as proof or is it a case of mutually exclusive evidence? Such considerations lead to the dilemma: ‘evidence or proof'?
Everolimus is associated with a reduced incidence of cytomegalovirus infection following de novo cardiac transplantation
Authors: Kobashigawa J. , Ross H. , Bara C. , Delgado J.F. , Dengler T. , Lehmkuhl H.B. , Wang S.‐S. , Dong G. , Witte S. , Junge G. , Potena L. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundCytomegalovirus (CMV) causes several complications following cardiac transplantation including cardiac allograft vasculopathy. Previous studies suggested that immunosuppressive treatment based on everolimus might reduce CMV infection. Aiming to better characterize the action of everolimus on CMV and its interplay with patient/recipient serology and anti‐CMV prophylaxis, we analyzed data from 3 large randomized studies comparing various everolimus regimens with azathioprine (AZA)‐ and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF)‐based regimens.MethodsCMV data were analyzed from 1009 patients in 3 trials of de novo cardiac transplant recipients who were randomized to everolimus 1.5 mg/day, everolimus 3 mg/day, or AZA 1–3 mg/kg/day, plus standard‐dose (SD) cyclosporine (CsA; study B253, n = 634); everolimus 1.5 mg/day plus SD‐ or reduced‐dose (RD)‐CsA (study A2403, n = 199); and everolimus 1.5 mg/day plus RD‐CsA or MMF plus SD‐CsA (study A2411, n = 176).ResultsIn study B253, patients allocated to everolimus experienced almost a 70% reduction in odds of experiencing CMV infection compared with AZA (P < 0.001). In study A2403, CMV infection was low in both everolimus arms, irrespective of CsA dosing, and in study A2411, patients allocated to everolimus experienced an 80% reduction in odds of experiencing CMV infection, compared with MMF (P < 0.001). CMV syndrome/disease was rare and less frequent in everolimus‐treated patients. Subgroup analyses showed that the benefit everolimus provides, in terms of CMV events, is retained in CMV‐naïve recipients and is independent of anti‐CMV prophylaxis or preemptive approaches.ConclusionsEverolimus is associated with a lower incidence of CMV infection compared with AZA and MMF, which combined with its immunosuppressive efficacy and antiproliferative effects may positively impact long‐term outcomes.
Persistent Rhodococcus equi infection in a renal transplant patient: case report and review of the literature
Authors: Menon V. , Gottlieb T. , Gallagher M. , Cheong E.L. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractRhodococcus equi is a pathogen that mainly causes infection in immunocompromised hosts. We report a case of relapsing R. equi pulmonary infection in a 57‐year‐old male renal transplant recipient who was treated with 12 months of antibiotics, adjunctive surgery, and a reduction in his immunosuppression. He suffered from relapsing disease, treatment‐related complications, and ultimately died of Pneumocystis pneumonia. Case reports in the literature portray a good cure rate for transplant‐related R. equi infections, with shorter durations of antibiotics. The case illustrates the difficulties in the management of R. equi infections. Forty cases from the literature were reviewed and compared in terms of epidemiology, location of infection, transplant type, immunosuppression used, treatment used, outcomes, and possible exposures.
Effect of pH on the Electrophoretic Mobility of Spores of Bacillus anthracis and Its Surrogates in Aqueous Solutions
Authors: White Colin P. , Popovici Jonathan , Lytle Darren A. , Adcock Noreen J. , Rice Eugene W. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACT

The electrophoretic mobility (EPM) of endospores of
Bacillus anthracis
and surrogates was measured in aqueous solution across a broad pH range and several ionic strengths. EPM values trended around phylogenetic clustering based on the 16S rRNA gene. Measurements reported here provide new insight for
Bacillus anthracis
surrogate selection and for attachment/detachment and transport studies.
Identification and Distribution of High-Abundance Proteins in the Octopus Spring Microbial Mat Community
Authors: Schaffert Courtney S. , Klatt Christian G. , Ward David M. , Pauley Mark , Steinke Laurey 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACT

A shotgun metaproteomics approach was employed to identify proteins in a hot spring microbial mat community. We identified 202 proteins encompassing 19 known functions from 12 known phyla. Importantly, we identified two key enzymes involved in the 3-hydroxypropionate CO
2
fixation pathway in uncultivated
Roseiflexus
spp., which are known photoheterotrophs.
Characterizing Pneumocystis in the Lungs of Bats: Understanding Pneumocystis Evolution and the Spread of Pneumocystis Organisms in Mammal Populations
Authors: Akbar Haroon , Pinçon Claire , Aliouat-Denis Cecile-Marie , Derouiche Sandra , Taylor Maria-Lucia , Pottier Muriel , Carreto-Binaghi Laura-Helena , González-González Antonio E. , Courpon Aurore , Barriel Véronique , Guillot Jacques , Chabé Magali , Suarez-Alvarez Roberto O. , Aliouat El Moukhtar , Dei-Cas Eduardo , Demanche Christine 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTBats belong to a wide variety of species and occupy diversified habitats, from cities to the countryside. Their different diets (i.e., nectarivore, frugivore, insectivore, hematophage) lead Chiroptera to colonize a range of ecological niches. These flying mammals exert an undisputable impact on both ecosystems and circulation of pathogens that they harbor.Pneumocystisspecies are recognized as major opportunistic fungal pathogens which cause life-threatening pneumonia in severely immunocompromised or weakened mammals.Pneumocystisconsists of a heterogeneous group of highly adapted host-specific fungal parasites that colonize a wide range of mammalian hosts. In the present study, 216 lungs of 19 bat species, sampled from diverse biotopes in the New and Old Worlds, were examined. Each bat species may be harboring a specificPneumocystisspecies. We report 32.9% ofPneumocystiscarriage in wild bats (41.9% in Microchiroptera). Ecological and behavioral factors (elevation, crowding, migration) seemed to influence thePneumocystiscarriage. This study suggests thatPneumocystis-host association may yield much information onPneumocystistransmission, phylogeny, and biology in mammals. Moreover, the link between genetic variability ofPneumocystisisolated from populations of the same bat species and their geographic area could be exploited in terms of phylogeography.
Breaking the Silence: Protein Stabilization Uncovers Silenced Biosynthetic Gene Clusters in the Fungus Aspergillus nidulans
Authors: Gerke Jennifer , Bayram Özgür , Feussner Kirstin , Landesfeind Manuel , Shelest Ekaterina , Feussner Ivo , Braus Gerhard H. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACT

The genomes of filamentous fungi comprise numerous putative gene clusters coding for the biosynthesis of chemically and structurally diverse secondary metabolites (SMs), which are rarely expressed under laboratory conditions. Previous approaches to activate these genes were based primarily on artificially targeting the cellular protein synthesis apparatus. Here, we applied an alternative approach of genetically impairing the protein degradation apparatus of the model fungus
Aspergillus nidulans
by deleting the conserved eukaryotic
csnE/CSN5
deneddylase subunit of the COP9 signalosome. This defect in protein degradation results in the activation of a previously silenced gene cluster comprising a polyketide synthase gene producing the antibiotic 2,4-dihydroxy-3-methyl-6-(2-oxopropyl)benzaldehyde (DHMBA). The
csnE/CSN5
gene is highly conserved in fungi, and therefore, the deletion is a feasible approach for the identification of new SMs.