bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Colonization ability and uniformity of resources and environmental factors determine biological homogenization of soil protists in human land‐use systems
Authors: Li Zhi‐Peng , Shangguan Hua‐Yuan , Yao Haifeng , Yang Xiao‐Ru , Mazei Yuri , Zhu Biao , Scheu Stefan , Sun Xin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHumans have substantially transformed the global land surface, resulting in the decline in variation in biotic communities across scales, a phenomenon known as “biological homogenization.” However, different biota are affected by biological homogenization to varying degrees, but this variation and the underlying mechanisms remain little studied, particularly in soil systems. To address this topic, we used metabarcoding to investigate the biogeography of soil protists and their prey/hosts (prokaryotes, fungi, and meso‐ and macrofauna) in three human land‐use ecosystem types (farmlands, residential areas, and parks) and natural forest ecosystems across subtropical and temperate regions in China. Our results showed that the degree of community homogenization largely differed between taxa and functional groups of soil protists, and was strongly and positively linked to their colonization ability of human land‐use systems. Removal analysis showed that the introduction of widespread, generalist taxa (OTUs, operational taxonomic units) rather than the loss of narrow‐ranged, specialist OTUs was the major cause of biological homogenization. This increase in generalist OTUs seemingly alleviated the negative impact of land use on specialist taxa, but carried the risk of losing functional diversity. Finally, homogenization of prey/host biota and environmental conditions were also important drivers of biological homogenization in human land‐use systems, with their importance being more pronounced in phagotrophic than parasitic and phototrophic protists. Overall, our study showed that the variation in biological homogenization strongly depends on the colonization ability of taxa in human land‐use systems, but is also affected by the homogenization of resources and environmental conditions. Importantly, biological homogenization is not the major cause of the decline in the diversity of soil protists, and conservation and study efforts should target at taxa highly sensitive to local extinction, such as parasites.
Short‐term efficacy of tildrakizumab on difficult‐to‐treat areas: a real‐world experience
Authors: Cacciapuoti Sara , Potestio Luca , Gallo Lucia , Musumeci Maria Letizia , Caldarola Giacomo , D'Amico Domenico , Caudullo Francesco , Papaianni Valeria , De Simone Clara , Peris Ketty , Megna Matteo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundNovel biologics targeting the IL23/T‐17 axis, such as tildrakizumab, have been developed to treat psoriasis. There is limited evidence on the use of tildrakizumab for the treatment of psoriasis in difficult‐to‐treat areas.ObjectiveOur aim was to evaluate the short‐term efficacy and safety of tildrakizumab in patients with moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis and with the involvement of difficult‐to‐treat areas.MethodsA multicentric retrospective study was conducted on patients who initiated tildrakizumab between July 2022 and July 2023. Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI), Psoriasis Scalp Severity Index (PSSI), Palmoplantar Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (ppPASI), and Nail Psoriasis Severity Index (NAPSI) were measured at baseline and after 16 weeks. The percentages of achieving a PASI75, PASI90, or PASI100 response were assessed. Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) and Itch Visual Analog Scale (VAS) were measured simultaneously. Data about potential safety issues and adverse events were collected.ResultsA total of 76 patients were included, and 59 (77.6%) were affected by psoriasis localized to the scalp (n = 32), palmoplantar locations (n = 13), or nails (n = 14). The mean PASI score decreased from 16.5 ± 9.8 at baseline to 1.9 ± 1.6 after 16 weeks. Tildrakizumab treatment resulted in the improvement of PSSI (19.9 ± 10.7 to 2.7 ± 4.2), ppPASI (15.4 ± 6.9 to 1.9 ± 2.3), and NAPSI (20.3 ± 16.9 to 7.6 ± 10.8) from baseline to 16 weeks, respectively. DLQI and Itch VAS also showed marked improvement.ConclusionsTildrakizumab is a valuable option for treating difficult‐to‐treat psoriasis and pruritus, with rapid onset of action.
Service pricing and charging strategy for video platforms considering consumer preferences
Authors: Liu Xuwang , Zhou Biying , Qi Wei , Wang Junwei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHeterogeneity of consumer preferences is a crucial feature of the platform economy, and service price and charging strategies crucially influence customer choice behavior. To enhance consumer experience and boost product value, video platforms offer value‐added services, also known as premium membership features. For instance, Youku's benefits of value‐added service include seamless video playback, high‐definition picture quality, and exclusive episodes. This study constructs a two‐stage Hotelling model from monopoly to duopoly competition. Considering the heterogeneity of consumer preferences for product quality and platform usage costs, we analyze the impact mechanism of the customer preferences heterogeneity and the service pricing of video platform enterprises. In addition, we analyze the Nash equilibrium strategies of competing enterprises in the competition scenario, and we consider two charging strategies: freemium and bundled sales. The results indicate that the consumer sensitivity factors significantly impact the optimal pricing of services and the profits of enterprises and that this impact varies with the heterogeneity of customer composition and the type of charging strategies. For the optimal solutions in a competition scenario, the proportion of quality‐sensitive customers is positive for the freemium model, whereas it is negative for the bundled sales model. Furthermore, we analyze the impact of heterogeneous customer composition on the choice of charging strategy utilizing numerical analysis. This study provides a theoretical basis and decision support for product development and value‐added service pricing that can be applied to video platform enterprises and other media platforms.
Factor IX Antibody and Immune Tolerance
Authors: Warrier Indira 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPrevalence of FIX inhibitor is ten times lower than factor VIII inhibitor. FIX inhibitor patients pose major challenges for treatment because of the simultaneous occurrence of severe allergy to FIX at the time of inhibitor development. Immune tolerance induction in haemophilia B inhibitor patients with allergy to FIX is complicated due to the development of nephrotic syndrome. Moreover, response to ITI usually is poor.
Factor Xa and Prothrombin: Mechanism of Action of FEIBA
Authors: Turecek Peter L. , Varadi Katalin , Gritsch Herbert , Auer Wilfried , Pichler Ludwig , Eder Gerald , Schwarz Hans Peter 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA complex consisting of activated factor X (FX) (enzyme) and prothrombin (substrate), both highly purified from human plasma and virus inactivated, was formulated, characterised biochemically as well as in animal studies, and given the name Partial Prothrombinase (PPT). In vitro, PPT shortened the clotting time of a high‐titre human factor VIII (FVIII) inhibitor plasma in a manner similar to that of the activated prothrombin complex concentrate FEIBA and triggered coagulation in plasma samples in which factor V (FV) is present. In vivo, the ability of PPT to activate coagulation in both chimpanzees and baboons was equivalent to that of FEIBA. PPT also triggered coagulation in a von Willebrand factor(vWF)‐deficient dog and controlled bleeding in rabbits with antibody‐induced haemophilia A. Thus, studying the mechanism of action of PPT also explains the therapeutic principle of FEIBA.
Degradation Products of Factor VIII Which Can Lead to Increased Immunogenicity
Authors: Josić Djuro , Buchacher Andrea , Kannicht Christoph , Lim Yow‐Pin , Löster Klemens , Pock Katharina , Robinson Stephen , Schwinn Horst , Stadler Monika 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe biochemical and immunochemical aspects of the development of inhibitors with a plasma‐derived, double‐virus inactivated factor VIII (FVIII) concentrate (marketed as Octavi SDPlus in Germany and Bisinact in Belgium) are described. A total of 12 cases of inhibitor formation (predominantly type II) were reported in Germany, 8 in Belgium but none in Portugal. Initially, the only difference between the non‐pasteurised, SD virus‐inactivated product Octavi and the pasteurised product Octavi SDPlus appeared to be pasteurisation, though subsequently, the quality of source material for the product was found to differ in different countries. Separation studies revealed the presence of a 40 kDa peptide fragment in some batches. It was subsequently shown that there was a strong correlation between inhibitor development and batches containing the 40 kDa marker, and a relationship between elevated markers of coagulation activation (FPA in particular) and the occurrence of the 40 kDa marker. Further work revealed that analytical methods commonly used for quality control were not suitable to highlight batch‐to‐batch differences. It was concluded that inhibitor potential (neoantigenicity) in Octavi SDPlus arose due to two effects; degradation of FVIII already present in source material; and heating of unstable FVIII degradation products. In this case, inhibitors were not caused by the overall production process, nor by GMP failures. The problem of inhibitor potential can be avoided if appropriate preventive measures are taken. Further work is needed to prove non‐neoantigenicity and to reinforce the scientific findings, and to characterise pilot batches.
Comparative efficacy and tolerability of fusidic acid/hydrocortisone cream (Fucidin® H cream) and miconazole/hydrocortisone cream (Daktacort® cream) in infected eczema
Authors: Poyner T.F. , Dass B.K. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimTo study the efficacy, tolerability and acceptability of 2% fusidic acid and 1% hydrocortisone with 2% miconazole and 1% hydrocortisone.SubjectAtopic dermatitis and topical therapy with antibacterial/antiinflammatory or antifungal/antiinflammatory remedies.MethodsA randomised, open, parallel group comparison.Results207 patients with clinically infected eczema were included in a trial with either 2% fusidic acid and 1% hydrocortisone or 2% miconazole and 1% hydrocortisone. At the end of treatment, there was no statistically significant difference between treatments in the preparations of patients “cleared” or “markedly improved” (fusidic acid 69.5%, miconazole 68.6%).After 1 week treatment, there was a statistically significant difference in the overall treatment response in favour of fusidic acid/hydrocortisone cream (P = 0.04). Fusidic acid/hydrocortisone cream was significantly more effective than miconazole/hydrocortisone cream at 1 week in reducing the total sign score (P = 0.001), erythema (P = 0.002), induration (P = 0.001), dryness/scaling (P = 0.02). and cracking/fissuring (P = 0.01). Fusidic acid/hydrocortisone cream was significantly more effective bacleriologically than miconazole/hydrocortisone cream (P = 0.04), Patients considered that treatment‐related irritation was significantly more common with fusidic acid/hydrocortisone cream (P = 0.03).Adverse events were recorded in 7 (7.3%) patients given fusidic acid/hydrocortisone and in 8 (7.5%) patients given miconazole/hydrocortisone cream and contributed to treatment withdrawal in 1 (1.0%) patient given fusidic acid/hydrocortisone cream and in 3 (2.8%) patients given miconazole/hydrocortisone cream.ConclusionFusidic acid/hydrocortisone cream and miconazole/hydrocortisone cream were equally effective in treating clinically infected eczema. However, fusidic acid/hydrocortisone cream produced a significantly more rapid clinical improvement and was more effective bacteriologically. Both treatments were well tolerated.
Mechanisms of the influence of proactive personality on nurses' sense of social responsibility: A structural equation modelling study
Authors: Yan Dexiu , Chen Lan , Li Mengyao , Zhang Yuanyuan , Zhang Yaqing , Zhang Yili , Chang Jian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimTo explore the mechanism of proactive personality influence on nurses' sense of social responsibility through a serial multiple mediation model of volunteering motivation and self‐efficacy.DesignFurther analysis of a cross‐sectional and survey‐based study.MethodsIn June 2023, a study was conducted with 722 Chinese nurses from four hospitals. Data were collected using the Proactive Personality Scale, the Self‐Efficacy Scale, the Motivation to Volunteer Scale and the Nurses' Sense of Social Responsibility Scale. Structural equation modelling was used to analyse the relationship between nurses' sense of social responsibility and its correlative factors.ResultsStructural equation modelling showed a good model fit. Proactive personality, self‐efficacy and motivation to volunteer can directly influence nurses' sense of social responsibility (β = .12, β = .04, β = .50, p < .05). According to the test of chained mediation effects, proactive personality was significant through a single mediation path of self‐efficacy (Z = 2.33, p < .05) and motivation to volunteer (Z = 7.32, p < .05) and through successive mediation paths of both variables (Z = 3.33, p < .05).ConclusionA proactive personality can motivate nurses' social responsibility. Therefore, prompting nurses to be more proactive can effectively enhance nurses' sense of social responsibility.Reporting MethodThis study was reported following the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist for cross‐sectional studies.Patient or Public ContributionThis study explored the mechanisms influencing nurses' sense of social responsibility at the end of the epidemic. The results may inform the maintenance of high levels of long‐term effects of nurses' social responsibility and shed light on building a standing workforce for public health emergencies.
Diploid and triploid Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) exhibit differential immunological responses to acute thermal stress
Authors: Rogozynski Noah P. , Cadonic Ivan G. , Soto‐Dávila Manuel , Wong‐Benito Valentina , Rodriguez‐Ramos Tania , Craig Paul , Dixon Brian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractExposure to temperatures outside of a fish's optimal range results in suppression of the immune system, ultimately leaving aquaculture stocks susceptible to disease outbreaks. This effect is exacerbated in triploid fishes, which demonstrate greater susceptibility to stress than their diploid counterparts. This study investigates the impacts of acute heat stress on the abundance of immune transcripts and proteins in diploid and triploid Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), an important finfish crop. This study also demonstrates that acute heat stress induces significant increases in the abundance hsp70, hsp90 and il1b transcripts in the head kidneys, gills and heart ventricles of both diploid and triploid Chinook salmon. Widespread dysregulation of antigen‐presentation transcripts was also observed in fish of both ploidies. These results suggest that acute heat stress activates acute‐phase responses in Chinook salmon and dysregulates antigen presentation, potentially leaving fish more susceptible to infection. At the protein level, IL‐1β was differentially expressed in the head kidney and ventricles of diploid and triploid salmon following heat shock. Differential expression of two tapasin‐like proteins in diploid and triploid salmon subjected to heat shock was also observed. Altogether, these data indicate that diploid and triploid Chinook salmon respond differently to acute thermal stressors.
The association between social risks and days at home for older veterans
Authors: Jacobs Josephine C. , Greene Liberty , Rao Mayuree , Smith Valerie A. , Van Houtven Courtney H. , Maciejewski Matthew L. , Zulman Donna M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundMany health systems are trying to support the ability of older adults to remain in their homes for as long as possible. Little is known about the relationship between patient‐reported social risks and length of time spent at home. We assessed how social risks were associated with days at home for a cohort of older Veterans at high risk for hospitalization and mortality.MethodsA prospective cross‐sectional study using a 2018 survey of 3479 high‐risk Veterans aged ≥65 linked to Veterans Health Administration data. Social risks included measures of social resources (i.e., no partner present, low social support), material resources (i.e., not employed, financial strain, medication insecurity, food insecurity, and transportation barriers), and personal resources (i.e., low medical literacy and less than high school education). We estimated how social risks were associated with days at home, defined as the number of days spent outside inpatient, long‐term care, observation, or emergency department settings over a 12‐month period, using a negative binomial regression model.ResultsNot having a partner, not being employed, experiencing transportation barriers, and low medical literacy were respectively associated with 2.57, 3.18, 3.39, and 6.14 fewer days at home (i.e., 27% more facility days, 95% confidence interval [CI] 8%–50%; 42% more facility days, 95% CI 7%–89%; 34% more facility days, 95% CI 7%–68%; and 63% more facility days, 95% CI 27%–109%). Experiencing food insecurity was associated with 2.62 more days at home (i.e., 24% fewer facility days, 95% CI 3%–59%).ConclusionsFindings suggest that screening older Veterans at high risk of community exit for social risks (i.e., social support, material resources, and medical literacy) may help identify patients likely to benefit from home‐ and community‐based health and social services that facilitate remaining in home settings. Future research should focus on understanding the mechanisms by which these associations occur.
Pain management inequities by demographic and geriatric‐related variables in older adult inpatients
Authors: Rambachan Aksharananda , Neilands Torsten B. , Karliner Leah , Covinsky Kenneth , Fang Margaret , Nguyen Tung 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundPain is ubiquitous, yet understudied. The objective of this study was to analyze inequities in pain assessment and management for hospitalized older adults focusing on demographic and geriatric‐related variables.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study from January 2013 through September 2021 of all adults 65 years or older on the general medicine service at UCSF Medical Center. Primary exposures included (1) demographic variables including race/ethnicity and limited English proficiency (LEP) status and (2) geriatric‐related variables including age, dementia or mild cognitive impairment diagnosis, hearing or visual impairment, end‐of‐life care, and geriatrics consult involvement. Primary outcomes included (1) adjusted odds of numeric pain assessment versus other assessments and (2) adjusted opioids administered, measured by morphine milligram equivalents (MME).ResultsA total of 15,809 patients were included across 27,857 hospitalizations with 1,378,215 pain assessments, with a mean age of 77.8 years old. Patients were 47.4% White, 26.3% with LEP, 49.6% male, and 50.4% female. Asian (OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.70–0.80), Latinx (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.83–0.99), and Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander (OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.64–0.93) patients had lower odds of a numeric assessment, compared with White patients. Patients with LEP (OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.66–0.74) had lower odds of a numeric assessment, compared with English‐speaking patients. Patients with dementia, hearing impairment, patients 75+, and at end‐of‐life were all less likely to receive a numeric assessment. Compared with White patients (86 MME, 95% CI 77–96), Asian patients (55 MME, 95% CI 46–65) received fewer opioids. Patients with LEP, dementia, hearing impairment and those 75+ years old also received significantly fewer opioids.ConclusionOlder, hospitalized, general medicine patients from minoritized groups and with geriatric‐related conditions are uniquely vulnerable to inequitable pain assessment and management. These findings raise concerns for pain underassessment and undertreatment.
Antenatal Care Visits, Institutional Births, and Associated Risk Factors in Afghanistan: Insights from the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2022‐2023
Authors: Bhowmik Jahar , Gunarathne Lakma , Bhar Sunil , Bhowmik Udayan , Biswas Raaj Kishore 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionInsufficient use of antenatal care (ANC) services and institutional births services can elevate the maternal mortality risk in limited resource settings. Hence, the key objective of this study was to evaluate the potential association between the frequency of ANC visits and institutional birth services in Afghanistan, while also identifying other sociodemographic factors that may exert influence. Furthermore, we explored factors associated with the attendance of women at ANC visits during their pregnancy.MethodsWe employed data from the most recent Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey conducted in Afghanistan in 2022 to 2023 with a total of 8096 women aged 15 to 49. A complex survey weight‐adjusted logistic regression model was used to examine factors related to institutional births, and a multinomial logistic regression model was fitted to assess the relationships between sociodemographic factors and ANC visits, adjusting for survey weights, cluster effects, and strata.ResultsApproximately 40% of the sample (n = 3247) had undergone 4 or more ANC visits, and 74.4% (n = 6,022) had opted for institutional birth. Women's higher education was found to be associated with ANC visits. The area of residence, wealth index, education levels of women, ownership of mobile phones, number of children, and number of ANC visits were associated with institutional births. Compared with women with no or one ANC visit, those with more than 3 visits had 31% higher odds (adjusted odds ratio, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.10‐1.57) of accessing institutional births.DiscussionOur findings indicate a significant association between ANC visits and use of institutional birth care. These findings carry implications for advancing safe motherhood and childbirth by enhancing women's social status.
The effects of APOE4 and familial Alzheimer's disease mutations on free fatty acid profiles in mouse brain are age‐ and sex‐dependent
Authors: den Hoedt Sandra , Crivelli Simone M. , Dorst‐Lagerwerf Kristien Y. , Leijten Frank P. J. , Losen Mario , de Vries Helga E. , Sijbrands Eric J. G. , Verhoeven Adrie J. M. , Martinez‐Martinez Pilar , Mulder Monique T. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAPOE4 encoding apolipoprotein (Apo)E4 is the strongest genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). ApoE is key in intercellular lipid trafficking. Fatty acids are essential for brain integrity and cognitive performance and are implicated in neurodegeneration. We determined the sex‐ and age‐dependent effect of AD and APOE4 on brain free fatty acid (FFA) profiles. FFA profiles were determined by LC–MS/MS in hippocampus, cortex, and cerebellum of female and male, young (≤3 months) and older (>5 months), transgenic APOE3 and APOE4 mice with and without five familial AD (FAD) mutations (16 groups; n = 7–10 each). In the different brain regions, females had higher levels than males of either saturated or polyunsaturated FFAs or both. In the hippocampus of young males, but not of older males, APOE4 and FAD each induced 1.3‐fold higher levels of almost all FFAs. In young and older females, FAD and to a less extent APOE4‐induced shifts among saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated FFAs without affecting total FFA levels. In cortex and cerebellum, APOE4 and FAD had only minor effects on individual FFAs. The effects of APOE4 and FAD on FFA levels and FFA profiles in the three brain regions were strongly dependent of sex and age, particularly in the hippocampus. Here, most FFAs that are affected by FAD are similarly affected by APOE4. Since APOE4 and FAD affected hippocampal FFA profiles already at young age, these APOE4‐induced alterations may modulate the pathogenesis of AD.image