bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sampling of plasma plume from atmosphere into vacuum for reliable Langmuir probe diagnostics
Authors: S James Raja , Rajan Lintu , Anand Venu 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Langmuir probes cannot be used to diagnose cold atmospheric plasma jet, because their presence in the high electric field after-glow region modifies the plasma parameters that they are intended to measure. Here, we propose a system to sample the plasma plume from ambient conditions into a low-pressure region, where probe analysis can be accomplished. The effect of such a sampling process on the number density and velocity of the gas has been studied through simulations and using analytical equations. Simulation results regarding the effect of chamber and orifice dimensions on these parameters, have been presented. Based on this study an experimental chamber was fabricated and Langmuir probe analysis of the sampled plasma was done. Continuum flowing plasma theory was applied and the plasma density and electron temperature were estimated to be 1.8 × 1020m−3 and 4.7 eV respectively for the operating condition of 3 W plasma power at 12 kHz.
Roles of energy and entropy in multiscale dynamics and thermodynamics
Authors: Grmela Miroslav 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Multiscale thermodynamics is a theory of relations among levels of description. Energy and entropy are its two main ingredients. Their roles in the time evolution describing approach of a level (starting level) to another level involving less details (target level) is examined on several examples, including the level on which macroscopic systems are seen as composed of microscopic particles, mesoscopic levels as kinetic theory of ideal and van der Waals gases, fluid mechanics, the level of chemical kinetics, and the level of equilibrium thermodynamics. The entropy enters the emergence of the target level in two roles. It expresses internal energy, that is the part of the energy that cannot be expressed in terms of the state variables used on the starting level, and it reveals emerging features characterizing the target level by sweeping away unimportant details. In the case when the target level is a mesoscopic level involving time evolution the roles of the energy and the entropy is taken by two different potentials that are related to their rates.
Developing a transdisciplinary tool for water risk management and decision-support in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Sandhu Guneet , Weber Olaf , Wood Michael O , Rus Horatiu A , Thistlethwaite Jason 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Extant literature reveals limited examination of risk management strategies and tools to support decision-making for sustainable water management in the private sector in Ontario, Canada. Moreover, a gap persists in understanding how water risks are prioritized and managed in the private sector. Addressing these gaps, this transdisciplinary study applied a novel normative-analytical risk governance theoretical framework to water security risks, which combines analytical risk estimation with normative priorities and insights of practitioners, to examine contextually-attuned water risk management strategies and develop a decision-support tool. Using mixed methods, the study first employed a survey to elicit practitioner priorities for seven water risk indicators and investigated water risk management approaches. Then, interviews were conducted to obtain in-depth understanding about the priorities, strategies, opportunities, and role of trust in water risk management. The study found that a combination of regulatory, voluntary, and multi-stakeholder participatory approaches is needed, contingent on the severity of water risks, sector, location, and context. Moreover, the criteria of flexibility, efficiency, strategic incentives, and economic and regulatory signals, are essential. Finally, using secondary data analysis, the study integrated interdisciplinary risk data with practitioner priorities to develop a first-of-a-kind decision-support tool for water risk management in Ontario, ‘WATR-DST’. WATR-DST is an automated tool that applies the study’s findings and assists multi-sector water-related decisions, practices, and investments by providing contextually-attuned risk information in a user-friendly format. Based on the user inputs (location, sector, and source type), it displays the severity of seven water risks, qualitative themes under public and media attention, and recommends water risk management strategies. Thus, the study contributes to knowledge in sustainability management, risk analysis, and environmental management by demonstrating the novel application of the normative-analytical framework for water risk management in the private sector. WATR-DST is a key contribution envisioned to improve multi-sector water-related decisions in Ontario.
Mode of carbon gain and fungal associations of Neuwiedia malipoensis within the evolutionarily early-diverging orchid subfamily Apostasioideae
Authors: Zahn Franziska E , Jiang Hong , Lee Yung-I , Gebauer Gerhard 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
The earliest-diverging orchid lineage, Apostasioideae, consists only of two genera: Apostasia and Neuwiedia. Previous reports of Apostasia nipponica indicated a symbiotic association with an ectomycorrhiza-forming Ceratobasidiaceae clade and partial utilization of fungal carbon during the adult stage. However, the trophic strategy of Neuwiedia throughout its development remains unidentified. To further improve our understanding of mycoheterotrophy in the Apostasioideae, this study focused on Neuwiedia malipoensis examining both the mycorrhizal association and the physiological ecology of this orchid species across various development stages.

Methods
We identified the major mycorrhizal fungi of N. malipoensis protocorm, leafy seedling and adult stages using molecular barcoding. To reveal nutritional resources utilized by N. malipoensis, we compared stable isotope natural abundances (δ13C, δ15N, δ2H, δ18O) of different developmental stages with those of autotrophic reference plants.

Key Results
Protocorms exhibited an association with saprotrophic Ceratobasidiaceae rather than ectomycorrhiza-forming Ceratobasidiaceae and the 13C signature was characteristic of their fully mycoheterotrophic nutrition. Seedlings and adults were predominantly associated with saprotrophic fungi belonging to the Tulasnellaceae. While 13C and 2H stable isotope data revealed partial mycoheterotrophy of seedlings, it is unclear to what extent the fungal carbon supply is reduced in adult N. malipoensis. However, the 15N enrichment of mature N. malipoensis suggests partially mycoheterotrophic nutrition. Our data indicated a transition in mycorrhizal partners during ontogenetic development with decreasing dependency of N. malipoensis on fungal nitrogen and carbon.

Conclusions
The divergence in mycorrhizal partners between N. malipoensis and A. nipponica indicates different resource acquisition strategies and allows various habitat options in the earliest-diverging orchid lineage, Apostasioideae. While A. nipponica relies on the heterotrophic carbon gain from its ectomycorrhizal fungal partner and thus on forest habitats, N. malipoensis rather relies on own photosynthetic carbon gain as an adult, allowing it to establish in habitats as widely distributed as those where Rhizoctonia fungi occur.
A recurrent missense variant in ITPR3 causes demyelinating Charcot-Marie-Tooth with variable severity
Authors: Beijer Danique , Dohrn Maike F , Rebelo Adriana , Danzi Matt C , Grosz Bianca Rose , Ellis Melina , Kumar Kishore R , Vucic Steve , Vais Horia , Weissenrieder Jillian S , Lunko Olesia , Paudel Usha , Simpson Leah C , Camarena Vladimir , Raposo Jacquelyn , Saporta Mario , Arcia Yeisha , Xu Isaac , Feely Shawna , Record Christopher J , Blake Julian , Reilly Mary M , Scherer Steven S , Kennerson Marina , Lee Yi-Chung , Foskett J Kevin , Shy Michael E , Zuchner Stephan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is a neuromuscular disorder affecting the peripheral nervous system. The diagnostic yield in demyelinating CMT (CMT1) is typically ∼80%–95%, of which at least 60% is due to the PMP22 gene duplication. The remainder of CMT1 is more genetically heterogeneous.
We used whole exome and whole genome sequencing data included in the GENESIS database to investigate novel causal genes and mutations in a cohort of ∼2670 individuals with CMT neuropathy.
A recurrent heterozygous missense variant p.Thr1424Met in the recently described CMT gene ITPR3, encoding IP3R3 (inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor 3), was identified. This previously reported p.Thr1424Met change was present in 33 affected individuals from nine unrelated families from multiple populations, representing an unusual recurrence rate at a mutational hotspot, strengthening the gene-disease relationship (gnomAD v4 allele frequency 1.76 × 10−6). Sanger sequencing confirmed the co-segregation of the CMT phenotype with the presence of the mutation in autosomal dominant and de novo inheritance patterns, including a four-generation family with multiple affected second-degree cousins.
Probands from all families presented with slow nerve conduction velocities, matching the diagnostic category of CMT1. Remarkably, we observed a uniquely variable clinical phenotype for age at onset and phenotype severity in p.Thr1424Met carrying patients, even within families. Finally, we present data supportive of a dominant-negative effect of the p.Thr1424Met mutation with associated changes in protein expression in patient-derived cells.
Hybrid spatial network disintegration strategy considering geographic and topological information
Authors: Ran Lin , Wu Guohua , Luo Qizhang 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
When considering disintegration of spatial networks, the topological relationships between nodes and their geographical positions are taken into account. In the case of regional attacks, the targeted nodes are determined based on the size of the region and the geographical relationships between nodes. In this paper, a new metric is proposed on top of region centrality (RC) to describe the importance of nodes within local regions in spatial networks. We define the weighted sum of the number of connections between nodes within a local region and the number of connections between nodes within the local region and nodes outside the local region as local connectivity. This metric integrates topological information with geographical information. From a mathematical perspective, RC is a special case of local connectivity. In addition, we propose a hybrid spatial network disintegration strategy based on two metrics, namely local connectivity and RC. From experimental results, our strategy outperforms traditional approaches and demonstrates a stronger ability to completely disintegrate the network.
Assessment of cone-beam CT technical image quality indicators and radiation dose for optimal STL model used in visual surgical planning
Authors: Koivisto Juha , Wolff Jan , Pauwels Ruben , Kaasalainen Touko , Suomalainen Anni , Stoor Patricia , Horelli Jani , Suojanen Juho 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of this study was to identify cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) protocols that offer an optimal balance between effective dose (ED) and 3D model for orthognathic virtual surgery planning, using CT as a reference, and to assess whether such protocols can be defined based on technical image quality metrics.

Methods
Eleven CBCT (VISO G7, Planmeca Oy, Helsinki, Finland) scan protocols were selected out of 32 candidate protocols, based on ED and technical image quality measurements. Next, an anthropomorphic RANDO SK150 phantom was scanned using these 11 CBCT protocols and 2 CT scanners for bone quantity assessments. The resulting DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine) files were converted into Standard Tessellation Language (STL) models that were used for bone volume and area measurements in the predefined orbital region to assess the validity of each CBCT protocol for virtual surgical planning.

Results
The highest CBCT bone volume and area of the STL models were obtained using normal dose protocol (F2) and ultra-low dose protocol (J13), which resulted in 48% and 96% of the mean STL bone volume and 48% and 95% of the bone area measured on CT scanners, respectively.

Conclusions
The normal dose CBCT protocol “F2” offered optimal bone area and volume balance for STL. The optimal CBCT protocol can be defined using contrast-to-noise ratio and modulation transfer function values that were similar to those of the reference CT scanners’. CBCT scanners with selected protocols can offer a viable alternative to CT scanners for acquiring STL models for virtual surgical planning at a lower effective dose.
Self-sealing atrio-oesophageal fistula as a complication of pulmonary vein isolation: a case report
Authors: Herrera-Parra Nicolás , García-Pretelt Enrique Carlos , Bonilla-Cortés Camilo Hernán , Ortíz Eduardo 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Atrio-oesophageal fistulas (AEFs) are an uncommon complication of pulmonary vein ablation, and its diagnosis is challenging. Multidisciplinary interventions and diagnostic imaging are usually required and may play a role in the initial assessment.

Case summary
A 69-year-old female with atrial fibrillation who had undergone recent pulmonary vein ablation consulted with unspecific symptoms and sudden hemiparesis. Brain imaging showed pneumocephalus and acute infarcts. Chest computed tomography (CT) was highly suspicious for AEF. Surgical exploration revealed a swollen mediastinum attached to the right inferior pulmonary vein.

Discussion
Non-specific symptoms after pulmonary vein ablation should prompt the suspicion of complications. In the presence of fever or neurological deficit, AEF must be suspected and assessed with a contrast-enhanced chest CT, which has become the gold standard. In brain imaging, pneumocephalus and multiple punctate acute infarcts might also indicate the presence of this complication.
Exploring differences in neophobia and anti-predator behaviour between urban and rural mountain chickadees
Authors: Heales Heather E , Flood Nancy J , Oud Madison D , Otter Ken A , Reudink Matthew W 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Urbanization is changing natural landscapes worldwide, pushing species to quickly acclimate or adapt if they are to survive in urban environments. Mountain chickadees (Poecile gambeli) readily nest in both urban and rural environments without suffering apparent reproductive costs. However, whether urban-nesting chickadees are successful in these environments due to differences in behaviour between urban and rural birds remains untested. We examined the behavioural responses of urban and rural nesting mountain chickadee females when presented with a novel object (red plastic cup) or simulated predator (imitation squirrel model) at the nest. Behavioural responses depended on both the type of model and the habitat. As expected, mountain chickadees responded more strongly to squirrel models than novel objects; however, the magnitude of the difference in response depended on habitat. Urban birds seemingly ignored the novel object, spending little time investigating, and re-entering the nest box quickly. In contrast, rural birds spent more time reacting to the novel object and alarm calling within 5 m of the nest. When presented with a predator model, the urban birds reacted relatively more strongly (compared to the novel stimulus) than rural birds, spending more time within 5 m of the nest and alarm calling. These results suggest that either mountain chickadees in urban environments quickly acclimatize to the presence of novel objects or, potentially, that less neophobic birds disproportionately settle in urban environments or experience positive selection in urban areas. Either way, reduced neophobia may aid in mountain chickadees’ ability to readily and successfully nest in such habitats.
Analgesic effects of intraperitoneal lidocaine in adults undergoing surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis
Authors: Ng Ka Ting , Lim Wei En , Teoh Wan Yi , Zainal Abidin Mohd Fitry Bin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objective
The administration of local anesthesia in intraperitoneal space as part of the multi-modal analgesic regimen has shown to be effective in reducing postoperative pain. Recent studies demonstrated that intraperitoneal lidocaine may provide analgesic effects. Primary objective was to determine the impact of intraperitoneal lidocaine on postoperative pain scores at rest.

Design
We carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA).

Methods
Databases of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL were searched from their inception date until May 2023. Randomized clinical trials (RCT) comparing intraperitoneal lidocaine and placebo in adults undergoing surgery were included.

Results
Our systematic review included 24 RCTs (n = 1824). The intraperitoneal lidocaine group was significantly associated with lower postoperative pain scores at rest (MD, −0.87, 95% CI, −1.04 to −0.69) and at movement (MD, −0.50, 95% CI, −0.93 to −0.08) among adult patients after surgery. Its administration also significantly decreased morphine consumption (MD, −6.42 mg, 95% CI, −11.56 to −1.27) and lowered the incidence of needing analgesia (OR, 0.22, 95% CI, 0.14 to 0.35). Intraperitoneal lidocaine statistically reduced time to resume regular diet (MD, 0.16 days; 95% CI, −0.31 to −0.01) and lowered postoperative incidence of nausea and vomiting (OR, 0.54, 95% CI, 0.39 to 0.75).

Conclusions
In this review, our findings should be interpreted with caution. Future studies are warranted to determine the optimal dose of administering intraperitoneal lidocaine among adult patients undergoing surgery.
Recruitment and Retention Strategies for Randomized Clinical Trials Involving Family Members of ICU Patients
Authors: Samuels Aaron , Sygal Valeria , Burns Karen E. A. , Goldfarb Michael 
Published: June 2024

OBJECTIVES:
To review recruitment and retention strategies of randomized family-centered interventional studies in adult ICUs.

DATA SOURCES:
The MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library database from inception to February 2023.

STUDY SELECTION:
Randomized controlled trials with family-centered interventions in the ICU setting that reported at least one family-centered outcome that were included in our previously published systematic review.

DATA EXTRACTION:
For recruitment: Number of family members approached and enrolled, type of approach, location, time of day approached, whether medical team approached first, compensation offered, and type of consent. For retention: Number of family members enrolled and completed initial follow-up visit, mode of follow-up, location of follow-up visit, data collection method, timing of follow-up visits, number of follow-up visits, and compensation offered. Recruitment (participants approached/enrolled) and retention (participants enrolled/completed initial follow-up) percentage were calculated.

DATA SYNTHESIS:
There were 51 studies in the analysis. The mean recruitment percentage was 49.3% ± 24.3%. There were no differences in recruitment percentage by study country, ICU type, recruitment approach, or whether the medical team approached the family member first (all p > 0.05). The mean retention percentage for the initial follow-up visit was 81.6% ± 18.0%. There were no differences in retention percentage by mode of participant contact, data collection type, or follow-up location (all p > 0.05). Minimal data were available to determine the impact of time of day approached and compensation on recruitment and retention outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS:
About half of family members of ICU patients approached participated in trials and more than eight in ten completed the initial follow-up visit. We did not identify specific factors that impacted family recruitment or retention. There is a strong need for further studies to characterize optimal strategies to ensure family participation in clinical trials.
Radiation Therapy–Induced Fibrous Histiocytoma, Mimicking Local Recurrence and Detected by 18F-FDG PET/CT in a Patient With Breast Cancer
Authors: Beytur Muhammet Fatih , Alçın Göksel , Cin Selçuk , Ergül Nurhan , Çermik Tevfik Fikret , Arslan Esra 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
A 76-year-old woman was diagnosed breast carcinoma and treated with breast-conserving surgery and chemoradiotherapy. A year after the treatment completion, restaging 18F-FDG PET/CT scan detected no any pathological finding. However, due to a lesion detected during physical examination on the right thoracic wall adjacent to the primary tumor bed, 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging was performed 9 months later for restaging. Highly intense FDG uptake was detected in an approximately 1-cm nodular lesion, and metastasis was reported as suspicious, and histopathological confirmation was recommended. Excision was performed and pathological examination diagnosed benign cellular fibrous histiocytoma.
Prostatic Utricle Cysts as a Potential Pitfall in PSMA PET/CT Interpretation
Authors: Girod Bradley J. , Nguyen Nghi C. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
A 60-year-old man with T2aN0M0 prostate cancer underwent intensity-modulated radiotherapy targeting the prostate and seminal vesicles. Experiencing biochemical recurrence after 6 years, 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT revealed focal radioactivity in the posterior midline of the prostate, identified as a prostatic utricle cyst on subsequent MRI. Similar findings appeared in a previous 18F-piflufolastat PET/CT, with negative biopsy results. The patient then received intensity-modulated radiotherapy directed to 2 PSMA-avid pelvic nodes and leuprolide acetate, achieving an undetectable PSA in 4 months. This case highlights a potential pitfall in PSMA PET interpretation associated with prostatic utricle cysts.
Left Atrial Appendage Closure Devices May Demonstrate Significant 18F-FDG Uptake in the Absence of Infection
Authors: Waring Harry J. , Bradley Kevin M. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
A 79-year-old man found to have a pulmonary nodule and pleural effusion on CT went on to have an 18F-FDG PET/CT scan. The lung abnormality did not show FDG uptake and appeared benign. However, PET/CT detected moderately increased FDG uptake associated with a left atrial appendage closure device inserted 11 months prior to the PET/CT. Infection of a left atrial closure device has previously been demonstrated with FDG PET/CT. This case, in the absence of infection, with normal serum inflammatory markers, highlights that left atrial closure devices, in common with other foreign bodies/devices, may demonstrate significant, incidental FDG uptake.