bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between severity of liver dysfunction and the relative ratio of liver to aortic enhancement (RE) on MRI using hepatocyte‐specific contrast
Authors: Kim Young Chul , Kim Myeong‐Jin , Park Young Nyun , Kim Kyung Sik , Ahn Sang Hoon , Jung Seung Eun , Kim Jai Keun 
Published: April 2013

PurposeTo evaluate differences in liver enhancement among patients with low and high morbidity risks and to determine the relationship between severity of liver dysfunction and the relative ratio of liver to aortic enhancement (RE) on MRI using hepatocyte‐specific contrast.Materials and MethodsA total of 126 patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and blood serum testing including serology, bilirubin, international normalized ratio, and creatinine tests. Radiologists analyzed a region of interest in the liver and aorta on precontrast and 10‐ and 20‐minute delayed hepatobiliary phase MR images. Liver enhancement after 10 (LE10min) and 20 minutes (LE20min) were compared between the low‐ and high‐risk groups by independent t‐test. Regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between the Model for Endstage Liver Disease (MELD) score and RE.ResultsAll 126 patients were classified into either the low‐risk group (MELD <8; n = 85) or high‐risk group (MELD ≥8; n = 41). The mean LE10min and LE20min were significantly higher in the low‐risk group (471.61; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 449.79–493.43 and 510.69; 95% CI: 486.51–534.87, respectively) than in the high‐risk group (401.6776; 95% CI: 364.75–438.61 and 413.81; 95% CI: 370.91–456.70). There was a moderate inverse correlation between MELD score and the relative ratio of liver enhancement (RLE) (r = −0.5442; 95% CI: −0.6480 to −0.4207; P<0.01), but a high positive correlation between MELD score and RE (r = 0.7470; 95% CI: 0.6665–0.8102; P < 0.01).ConclusionAlthough liver enhancement was significantly greater in low‐risk patients compared to high‐risk patients, RE may be a better predictor of liver function than RLE. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;39:24–30. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Respiratory‐induced 3D deformations of the renal arteries quantified with geometric modeling during inspiration and expiration breath‐holds of magnetic resonance angiography
Authors: Suh Ga‐Young , Choi Gilwoo , Draney Mary T. , Herfkens Robert J. , Dalman Ronald L. , Cheng Christopher P. 
Published: April 2013

PurposeTo quantify renal artery deformation due to respiration using magnetic resonance (MR) image‐based geometric analysis.Materials and MethodsFive males were imaged with contrast‐enhanced MR angiography during inspiratory and expiratory breath‐holds. From 3D models of the abdominal aorta, left and right renal arteries (LRA and RRA), we quantified branching angle, curvature, peak curve angle, axial length, and locations of branch points.ResultsWith expiration, maximum curvature changes were 0.054 ± 0.025 mm−1 (P < 0.01), and curve angle at the most proximal curvature peak increased by 8.0 ± 4.5° (P < 0.05) in the LRA. Changes in maximum curvature and curve angles were not significant in the RRA. The first renal bifurcation point translated superiorly and posteriorly by 9.7 ± 3.6 mm (P < 0.005) and 3.5 ± 2.1 mm (P < 0.05), respectively, in the LRA, and 10.8 ± 6.1 mm (P < 0.05) and 3.6 ± 2.5 mm (P < 0.05), respectively, in the RRA. Changes in branching angle, axial length, and renal ostia locations were not significant.ConclusionThe LRA and RRA deformed and translated significantly. Greater deformation of the LRA as compared to the RRA may be due to asymmetric anatomy and mechanical support by the inferior vena cava. The presented methodology can extend to quantification of deformation of diseased and stented arteries to help renal artery implant development. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;38:1325–1332. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quantifying catch‐and‐release: The extensor tendon force needed to overcome the catching flexors in trigger fingers
Authors: Lu Szu‐Ching , Kuo Li‐Chieh , Jou I‐Ming , Wu Chih‐Chung , Tung Wen‐Lin , Sun Yung‐Nien , Su Fong‐Chin 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe extensor tendon forces required to overcome the catching flexors in trigger fingers are unknown. A biomechanical model with moment equilibrium equations and method of least squares was developed for estimating the tendon force at triggering in trigger fingers. Trigger fingers that exhibited significant catching and sudden release during finger extension were tested. A customized “pulling tester” was used to pull the finger from flexion to extension and provide synchronic measurement of the pulling force. The displacement of the tested finger was measured by a motion capture system. This preliminary study presents kinematic and kinetic data at triggering of 10 trigger fingers. The distal and proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints presented sudden release while the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint started extension in the early phase of finger extension. The tendon tension of flexor digitorum profundus was greater than that of flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) in six fingers, and less than that of FDS in three fingers. The tension of two flexor tendons was almost equal in one finger. At the PIP and MCP joints, 1.54 times the force of flexors was needed for the extensors to overcome the catching flexors in trigger fingers. This biomechanical model provides clinicians with a clearer idea of the tendon force at triggering. The quantitative results may help in the understanding of movement characteristics of trigger fingers. These findings are useful to better understand the etiology and nature of trigger finger development, and thus aid in further development of better assessments and treatments related to this. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31:1130–1135, 2013
Such as pigs eat: the rise and fall of the pannage pig in theUK
Authors: Wealleans Alexandra L 
Published: April 2013

AbstractMast‐feeding systems once formed the mainstay of pork production across Europe, but have now largely been forgotten. One of the earliest farming practices, it allowed people to fatten pigs on an otherwise wasted resource. Mast feeding was vital in the ancient world: Rome, Saxon England and the Normans all relied heavily on woodland pigs. As time and technology advanced, mast systems became outmoded and fell into disuse. However, recent public interest in improved animal welfare and sustainable agriculture, combined with anecdotal reports of improved flavour, has once again brought mast feeding into the spotlight. This article chronicles the changes in popularity and perception of mast‐feeding systems throughout history, and uses the historical perspective to outline a possible future for woodland pigs. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
A preliminary metagenomic study of puer tea during pile fermentation
Authors: Lyu Changyong , Chen Chaoyin , Ge Feng , Liu Diqiu , Zhao Shenglan , Chen Dan 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDUp to now, there has been no report on the taxonomic and functional analysis of the microbial community in fermenting puer tea by pyrosequencing. In this study, metagenomic pyrosequencing was first used in fermenting puer tea to delineate a relatively comprehensive overview of the microbial taxonomy while also preliminarily characterising the functional ontologies of microbial genes present in puer tea pile fermentation.RESULTSA total of 251 738 pyrosequencing reads (9197 contigs and 145 402 singletons) were generated by pyrosequencing. Taxonomic analysis revealed three dominant bacterial phyla, Proteobacteria (23.56%), Actinobacteria (23.35%) and Firmicutes (11.37%), and one dominant eukaryotic phylum, Ascomycota (30.47%). A total of 58 664 hits were categorised into 28 functional subsystems based on the SEED database. Moreover, two categories, ‘metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides’ and ‘biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites’, were selectively analysed and 69 enzyme genes were presented in 16 pathways.CONCLUSIONThe dominant microbes of puer tea fermentation were bacteria in the present study, and yeasts rather than moulds accounted for the overwhelming majority of Eukaryota. The analysis of functional genes and metabolic pathways will be helpful for further study of the mechanism of puer tea fermentation at molecular level. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Psychosocial distress is prevalent in head and neck cancer patients
Authors: Buchmann Luke , Conlee John , Hunt Jason , Agarwal Jayant , White Shelley 
Published: April 2013

Objectives/HypothesisThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the levels of psychological distress in head and neck cancer patients using a validated screening tool. We aim to characterize distress in this cancer population and understand the factors driving distress levels.Study DesignReview of prospectively gathered data.MethodsA review of prospectively gathered data was undertaken from 89 head and neck cancer patients (HNC) who completed the Distress Thermometer and Problem List (DT) from the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN).ResultsDistress levels were high in the overall population. The level of distress was significantly greater in patients with a self‐reported history of depression (P <.001), family concerns (P = .030), emotional concerns (P = .001) and physical concerns (P = .014).ConclusionsPsychosocial distress was found to be high in the HNC population. Factors associated with increased distress level included a self‐reported history of depression, family concerns, emotional concerns, and physical concerns.Level of Evidence4.
Low body mass index and jaw movement are protective of hearing in users of personal listening devices
Authors: Li Lieber Po‐Hung , Chuang Ann Yi Chiun , McMahon Catherine , Tung Tao‐Hsin , Chen Joshua Kuang‐Chao 
Published: April 2013

Objectives/HypothesisSound pressure level delivered through personal listening devices (PLDs) and reaching the ear drum might be affected by body size and jaw movements. This study aimed to investigate whether jaw movement and/or smaller body mass index (BMI) resulted in decrease of sound pressure level within the ear canals of PLD users via an earbud earphone.Study DesignCase series.MethodsForty‐five normal‐hearing subjects (16 males; mean age, 23.3 years) participated in this study. A probe‐microphone system was used to measure sound pressure level in the external ear canal with music delivered from a media player via an earbud earphone. Test materials consisted of two 20‐second excerpts from a heavy metal music piece. Subjects were instructed to adjust the volume of the media player to conform to three conditions for sound pressure measurement: comfortable, loud, and maximum. Measurements were then repeated while subjects mimicked chewing action under the same listening conditions.ResultsSound pressure levels were significantly lower when measured with jaw movement than without jaw movement (P < .05). Sound pressure levels monitored with/without jaw movement were generally lower in subjects with a BMI<23 than those with a BMI ≥23 (P < .05).ConclusionsJaw movement and low BMI (<23) reduced the overall sound level of PLDs at the ear canal. Sound pressure levels detected in the external ear canal of our subjects using earbud earphones were significantly lower under conditions of jaw movement/BMI <23. Our research invites further studies on a larger group of PLD users to correlate these variables with hearing threshold shifts over time.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 123:1983–1987, 2013
Epidemiology of unilateral sensorineural hearing loss with universal newborn hearing screening
Authors: Ghogomu Nsangou , Umansky Amy , Lieu Judith E. C. 
Published: April 2013

Objectives/HypothesisCompare the epidemiology of pediatric unilateral sensorineural hearing loss before and after implementation of universal newborn hearing screening in Missouri.Study DesignInception cohort.MethodsCharts of 134 children born between January 1, 1990 and December 31, 2007, diagnosed with unilateral sensorineural hearing loss at a single institution in Missouri were reviewed to determine the effects of universal newborn hearing screening on age of detection and etiology of hearing loss.ResultsMean age of detection declined from 4.4 (standard deviation [SD] 1.8) to 2.6 (SD 2.6) years of age, whereas the rate of detection by 6 months of age increased from 3% to 42%. The majority (58%) of cases had normal hearing at birth. The most common etiological category was unknown (41%) before screening and congenital (45%) after screening. The use of magnetic resonance imaging has increased by 21% (2‐fold), whereas use of computed tomography has declined by 8% since 2002. Yields of connexin, Pendred, electrocardiogram, and syphilis testing were 0/48 and 2/31 before and after screening, respectively.ConclusionsImplementation of universal newborn hearing screening in Missouri is associated with a decrease in age of detection of unilateral sensorineural hearing loss. The majority of cases are either not present or not detectable at birth. The combination of hearing status at birth and imaging findings suggests that the majority of cases are congenital rather than of unknown etiology.Level of Evidence2b. Laryngoscope, 124:295–300, 2014
Evaluation of a teaching tool to increase the accuracy of pilot balloon palpation for measuring tracheostomy tube cuff pressure
Authors: Jiang Nancy , Del Signore Anthony G. , Iloreta Alfred M. , Malkin Benjamin D. 
Published: April 2013

Objectives/HypothesisThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a novel teaching tool to improve health care providers' ability to inflate tracheostomy tube cuffs to the appropriate pressure.Study DesignSingle‐blinded, randomized, controlled trial.MethodsSubjects were randomized to a control and study group. The control group viewed a video about inflating tracheostomy tube cuffs to safe pressure levels. The study group viewed the same video and also got to palpate the pilot balloons of tracheostomy tube cuffs inflated to three different pressures. All subjects inflated tracheostomy tube cuffs to pressures they believed to be appropriate based on palpation of the pilot balloon preintervention, and immediately, 2 weeks, and 3 months postintervention.ResultsForty‐nine health care providers participated in the study. There was no significant difference in the mean preintervention cuff inflation pressures between the two groups (36 cm H2O vs. 38 cm H2O, P = 0.4888), with both initially overinflating. Postintervention, the study group inflated the cuffs to significantly lower pressures than the control group, closer to the ideal of 25 cm H2O (26 cm H2O vs. 35 cm H2O, P = 0.0001). This difference was also observed 2 weeks (28 cm H2O vs. 37 cm H2O P <0.0001) and 3 months (28 cm H2O vs. 36 cm H2O, P = 0.0002) postintervention.ConclusionsThe novel teaching tool evaluated in this study is simple, easily reproducible, and low‐cost. Its use leads to long‐lasting improvement in health care providers' ability to more accurately inflate tracheostomy tube cuffs to safe pressures.Level of Evidence1b. Laryngoscope, 123:1884–1888, 2013
Squamous cell carcinoma of the temporal bone: Outcomes of radical surgery and postoperative radiotherapy
Authors: Leong Samuel C. , Youssef Ahmed , Lesser Tristram H. 
Published: April 2013

Objectives/HypothesisTo analyze the treatment outcomes for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the temporal bone and to identify factors that may influence prognosis.Study DesignRetrospective case series.MethodsCase notes review of patients with histologically proven SCC of the temporal bone who had treatment with a curative intent at a tertiary referral center in the Northwest of England, United Kingdom.ResultsA total of 35 patients were treated in this unit over a 12‐year period. The most common presentation was otorrhoea, which was present in all patients, followed by otalgia (66%), bleeding (54%), and facial palsy (46%). The overall survival for this series was 48.6%. There were four patients with stage I tumor, and one case each of stage II and stage III disease. The disease‐free survival for patients with stage I to stage III disease in this series was 100%. The remaining 29 patients (84%) had stage IV disease, with an overall survival in this group of 41.4%. The average survival period of the 18 patients who succumbed to local disease was 9.2 months (range 3–22). Poorly differentiated SCC was associated with significantly poorer survival (P < 0.05) when compared to well and moderately differentiated SCC. Parotid involvement of SCC, node‐positive neck, and the presence of preoperative facial palsy was not associated with poorer survival outcomes.ConclusionsSCC of the temporal bone is a highly malignant disease that is associated with high morbidity and mortality despite aggressive multimodal treatment.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 123:2442–2448, 2013
Treatment of bleeding upper aerodigestive tract tumor—A novel approach with antifibrinolytic agent
Authors: Low Tsu‐Hui (Hubert) , Huang Johnson , Reid Colin , Elliott Michael , Clark Jonathan R. 
Published: April 2013

Objectives/HypothesisSymptomatic bleeding among patients with advanced upper aerodigestive tract tumor is a challenging problem. Given the limited options for topical treatment, embolization is often required to control the hemorrhage. There are recent reported cases of novel and successful treatment of patients with recalcitrant tracheo‐bronchial bleed with tranexamic acid. We therefore described our initial experience of four consecutive cases of patients with bleeding from advanced aerodigestive tract tumor, successfully treated with oral tranexamic acid.Study DesignCase series.MethodsCase series of four consecutive patients with acute bleed from upper aerodigestive tract tumors, treated with oral tranexamic acid. Tranexamic acid was administered topically and systemically (1gm PO QID) for the orophayngeal and supraglottic tumor cases, where as systemic‐only therapy were administered to the patients with nasal and nasopharyngeal tumors.ResultsNone of the patients experienced further bleeding following the commencement of tranexamic acid treatment, and no adverse effect was noted. These are the first reported cases of symptomatic upper aerodigestive hemorrhage being controlled with tranexamic acid. It is increasingly being used in patients with life‐threatening bleeding following trauma and major surgery. The optimum dose of tranexamic acid is undetermined. In vivo studies suggested concentrations of 10 μg/mL to 16 μg/mL for optimal anti‐fibrinolytic effect, which is achievable with 1gm QID of oral administration. Large randomized controlled trials assessing the utility of tranexamic acid in various orthopedic surgeries did not show increased thromboembolic events.ConclusionsTranexamic acid should be considered for patients with symptomatic nonarterial bleeding of the upper aerodigestive tract tumors.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 123:2449–2452, 2013
Use of topical nasal therapies in the management of Chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Wei Calvin C. , Adappa Nithin D. , Cohen Noam A. 
Published: April 2013

Objectives/HypothesisTo determine whether the use of topical nasal therapies with saline alone and in combination with antibiotics, antifungals, or corticosteroids is effective in the treatment of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).Data SourcesA systematic literature search was performed utilizing the MEDLINE database (1966 to May 2012), EMBASE database (1980 to May 2012), and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials.Review MethodsElectronic databases were searched by three otolaryngologists. Studies on five major categories of topical nasal therapies searched included saline (hypotonic, isotonic and hypertonic); topical antibiotics, topical steroids, and topical antifungals were obtained. Randomized controlled trials and meta‐analyses of randomized controlled trials were included.ResultsSixteen randomized controlled trials were identified examining topical saline (hypertonic or isotonic) in CRS patients. Two randomized controlled trials were found studying the effect of topical antibiotics in patients with CRS. Four randomized controlled trials were identified studying topical antifungal treatment for CRS. Twenty‐five randomized controlled trials were found studying topical steroids in CRS patients.ConclusionA high aggregate quality of evidence supports the effectiveness of saline irrigations in treating CRS. There is insufficient evidence to support a clear benefit of topical antibiotics in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. Topical antifungal therapies have not been shown to be significantly different in efficacy than saline controls on CRS outcomes. Topical steroids are beneficial in the treatment of CRS with nasal polyps, but have not been shown to be effective in CRS without nasal polyps. Laryngoscope, 123:2347–2359, 2013
A simple mechanical device reduces subglottic injury in ventilated animals
Authors: Osborn Alexander J. , Chami Rose , Propst Evan J. , Luginbuehl Igor , Taylor Glenn , Fisher Joseph A. , Forte Vito 
Published: April 2013

Objectives/HypothesisTo test whether a simple inexpensive device that dynamically minimizes endotracheal cuff pressure throughout the respiratory cycle reduces endotracheal cuff pressure‐related subglottic injury.Study DesignHypoxic animal model with one control and one experimental group.MethodsTwelve S. scrofa domesticus piglets (14–16kg) were intubated with standard endotracheal tubes and maintained in a hypoxic state to accelerate airway injury. Animals in the control group (n = 6) were ventilated with a constant pressure of 20 cm H2O in the endotracheal tube cuff. Animals in the experimental group (n = 6) were ventilated using a custom‐designed circuit that altered the pressure in the endotracheal tube cuff in synchrony with the ventilatory cycle. Larynges were harvested at the end of the experiment and examined histologically to determine the degree of airway injury induced by the endotracheal cuff.ResultsAnimals in the experimental group suffered significantly less airway damage than those in the control group. The differences were seen primarily in the subglottis (aggregate damage score 6.5 vs. 12, P <0.05), where the experimental endotracheal tube cuff exerted the least pressure. There was no difference in damage to the glottic or supraglottic structures.ConclusionsA simple, reliable, and inexpensive means of modulating endotracheal tube cuff pressure with the ventilatory cycle led to a substantial decrease in airway injury in our animal model. Such reduction in cuff pressure may prove important for humans, particularly those in intensive care units who tend to have underlying conditions predisposing them to tracheal damage from the endotracheal tube cuff.Level of EvidenceN/A. Laryngoscope, 123:2742–2748, 2013
A new paradigm for the management of essential vocal tremor with botulinum toxin
Authors: Gurey Lowell E. , Sinclair Catherine F. , Blitzer Andrew 
Published: April 2013

Objectives/Hypothesis1) To clarify essential voice tremor (EVT) phenomenology; 2) To report a management paradigm for essential voice tremor using botulinum toxin.Study DesignRetrospective analysis of prospectively collected data.MethodsPhenomenology from patients diagnosed with EVT between April 1996 and March 2012 was recorded, charted, and analyzed. A paradigm for treatment of EVT using botulinum toxin based on individualized clinical findings is discussed.ResultsSixteen patients were included. Fewer than 50% patients were responsive to centrally acting oral medications. Fifteen patients analyzed had horizontal laryngeal tremor and received botulinum toxin injections to bilateral thyroarytenoid muscles. Thirteen patients had a vertical laryngeal tremor, and these patients underwent additional strap muscle injections. All patients had symptomatic improvement with reduced tremor amplitude. Dose adjustments over time depended on degree of symptomatic improvement.ConclusionsManagement of essential voice tremor with botulinum toxin is optimized by individualizing treatment based on the tremor phenomenology observed during clinical examination.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 123:2497–2501, 2013