bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dual Anti-Inflammatory Activities of COX-2/5-LOX Driven by Kratom Alkaloid Extracts in Lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 Cells
Authors: Rahmawati Siti Irma , Indriani Dwi Wahyu , Ningsih Febby Nurdiya , Hardhiyuna Mutia , Firdayani  , Ahmadi Peni , Rosyidah A’liyatur , Septiana Eris , Dharmayanti Ni Luh Putu Indi , Bayu Asep , Putra Masteria Yunovilsa 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX) enzymes play a crucial role in the production of pro-inflammatory eicosanoids, including prostaglandins and leukotrienes (LTs) via arachidonic acid (AA) pathways. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) typically work by inhibiting COX enzymes (COX-1, COX-2) to alleviate inflammatory responses in our bodies. However, the use of these selective COX inhibitors results in an upregulation of the AA pathway. This condition stimulates the LOX enzymes to increase LT production, exacerbating the severity of the disorders. In this study, the alkaloid extract derived from the leaf of Mitragyna speciosa (Kratom) demonstrated a dual inhibitory effect on COX-2/5-LOX enzymes in lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. The alkaloid extract containing ~ 46% mitragynine inhibited COX-2 and 5-LOX activity at concentrations of less than 25 ppm with no toxicity to the cells. Above 25 ppm, the alkaloid extract exhibited toxicity to the cells (e.g,, ~ 46% viability at 50 ppm) and only inhibited COX-2 activity. In contrast, the Kratom crude extract containing ~ 5% mitragynine did not inhibit COX-2 or 5-LOX activity in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophage cells at more than 25 ppm and did not exhibit toxicity to the cells even at 100 ppm. The alkaloid compounds in the Kratom leaf are likely responsible for this activity, as the alkaloid extract containing these biomolecules suppressed reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and pro-inflammatory cytokines like tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Molecular studies also suggested a strong binding affinity of Kratom alkaloids to the active sites of COX-2 and 5-LOX. The dual inhibitory activity of the Kratom alkaloids against COX-2 and 5-LOX provides insights into their potential as safer NSAIDs.
Microstructural Analysis and Synthesis of Organic Geopolymer Matrix
Authors: Krishnamoorthy Iynthezhuthon , Subramanian LR Ganapathy 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Organic polymer resins generally cannot withstand temperatures exceeding 300°C, making them non-fire-resistant. However, inorganic alumino silicate polymers, synthesized by sodium silicate and sodium aluminate, have good thermal properties. This article discusses the synthesis of a geopolymer resin matrix based on different concentration ratios. The compositions of various constituent elements for the geopolymer matrix were varied, and hardeners were added with liquid solutions. The primary materials used are liquid sodium aluminate solution and sodium silicate solution, which are mixed with smaller quantities of fly ash and metakaolin. Several samples of geopolymer matrix were prepared and cured at elevated temperatures to remove water content. There was minimal shrinkage during curing. Microstructural tests were conducted to confirm the formation of a viable geopolymer resin, and the results confirmed the successful development of the geopolymer.
Comparison between laparoscopic and Open surgery in appendectomy and return-to-work
Authors: Al-Abdullah Rawan , abdullatif Raghad 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background: Laparoscopic appendectomy has rapidly become established as the popular alternative to open appendectomy, it has a safety profile better than open procedure.
Objectives: Laparoscopic procedure for appendectomy is compared with open surgical Technique with respect to: Duration of procedure, Post-operative pain, Cosmetic benefit, Complication encountered, Post-operative length of hospital stay, Return to the work
Methods and materials: A prospective retrospective study that included 200 male and female patients with acute appendicitis, Statistical comparison was made using the X2 test and the Students’ t’ test.
Results: In this study, the average pain score was 1.31 ± 0.49 in the laparoscopic surgery group, and the average pain score in the open surgery group was 3.27 ± 0.828, statistical significance (P<0.0001).
Vomiting occurred in 20% of laparoscopic surgery patients and 53% of open surgery patients. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.007). Wound infection occurred in 3% of laparoscopic surgery patients and 27% of open surgery patients. The difference was statistically significant (P <0.01), fever occurred in 13% of laparoscopic surgery patients and 27% of open surgery patients, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01).
The average hospital stay was 1.77 days in laparoscopic patients and 7.73 days in open surgery, with a statistically significant difference (P<0.0001).
The average return to work was 9.6 days in laparoscopic patients and 17.67 days in open surgery, with a statistically significant difference (P<0.0001).
The average duration of surgery was 36.17 minutes in laparoscopic patients, while it was 17.5 minutes in open surgery patients, with a statistically significant difference (P<0.0001).
Postoperative scar satisfaction was higher among patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery (87%), compared to open surgery (50%), with a statistically significant difference (p-value=0.004)
Conclusion: Laparoscopic appendectomy was better than open appendectomy in a properly prepared and selected patient in terms of Post-operative pain, Post-operative complications like vomiting, wound infection, fever, Duration of the hospital stay, return to the work, Cosmetic benefit, Overall, laparoscopic appendectomy is better than open appendectomy in the properly selected patients of acute appendicitis at the cost of increase in the duration of the time of surgery.
Root Canal Treatment and Demand for Continuing Education among Thai Dental Practitioners
Authors: Wongwatanasanti Ninnita , Tungsawat Pakit , Suksaphar Warattama , Lertnantapanya Siripat , Yodmanotham Prattana 
Published: June 2024

Background
In recent times, there have been significant advancements in the techniques and materials used for root canal treatment. Nevertheless, there is a lack of study on the current methods used for root canal treatment among dentists in Thailand. Therefore, the primary purpose of this study was to investigate the current root canal treatment procedures and the demand for continuing education among Thai dental practitioners.

Methods
The survey, consisting of two sections and a total of 25 questions, was randomly distributed to 412 dentists in Thailand, both online and offline. Data on demographics, information on current root canal treatment protocols, and demand for continuing education, were collected. The association between demographic data and current root canal treatment protocols was analyzed using the chi-square test. The data gathered were analyzed using the JASP statistical software version 0.18.

Results
Three hundred and ninety-four questionnaires were completed. Sixty percent of the respondents (236) regularly performed root canal treatment. Most respondents treated one to five anterior teeth weekly. Seventy-six percent of the respondents did not use magnification. Fifty-eight percent of the respondents used an electronic apex locator in conjunction with a radiograph to determine the working length. Forty-four percent of the respondents used hand files for mechanical instrumentation. Sodium hypochlorite was the most used irrigant, while cold lateral compaction was the preferred obturation technique. The participants revealed the most interest in enrolling in two to three-day short seminar courses.

Conclusion
More Thai dental practitioners strictly followed the standard protocol compared to the previous survey. The short seminar courses were the most preferred program for continuous education.
Periodontal Status in Periodontitis Patients with Temporary Periodontal Splint: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Sulijaya Benso , Hutomo Dimas Ilham , Jesson Alvin , Rahdewati Herlis , Tadjoedin Fatimah Maria 
Published: June 2024

Background
Periodontitis, an inflammatory condition initiated by a number of particular microorganisms, damages the periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone, resulting in tooth mobility or even tooth loss. Periodontal splinting can be administered in adjunct to periodontal treatment by stabilizing tooth mobility. To the best of our knowledge, no strong evidence has been reported regarding the clinical data of tooth immobilization in periodontitis in order to optimize the outcome. Therefore, this retrospective study aimed to investigate the epidemiologic data and periodontal status of periodontitis patients who underwent the temporary periodontal splinting treatment.

Methods
Periodontal medical records in the dental hospital were collected within the past two years based on the inclusion criteria of this study. Medical records of patients with systemic disease and a history of periodontal surgery were excluded.

Results
Patients who received a temporary periodontal splint was more prevalent in females (70.2%), young elderly-age group (53.2%), patients with extra-coronal splint (55.4%), patients who had occlusal adjustment prior to the splint (51.8%), patients with good Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified (OHI-S) (75%), and Trauma from the occlusion (TFO) cases (45.2%). The damage that reaches the apical third of the dental root was 7%, the middle third of the dental root was 49.2%, and tooth #31 had the largest distribution with the most alveolar bone injury. The tooth #42 had the highest vertical pattern (7%) and horizontal pattern (62.8%) of alveolar bone damage.

Conclusion
In conclusion, temporary periodontal splint therapy has been conducted widely to support periodontal status.
High-risk Pregnancy Nursing: Analyzing the Impact of Prenatal Stress, Maternal-Fetal Attachment, and Social Support on Prenatal Depression
Authors: Choe Jae Hui , Yun Sun Jeong , Kim Hye Young 
Published: June 2024

Background
The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of pregnancy stress, maternal-fetal attachment, and social support on prenatal depression among high-risk pregnant women. This research aims to provide foundational data to assist in preventing prenatal depression in high-risk pregnant women within the nursing field.

Methods
A study was conducted on 141 high-risk pregnant women diagnosed as high-risk and hospitalized, who were less than 37 weeks pregnant. The study investigated pregnancy stress, maternal-fetal attachment, social support, and general characteristics. The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS WIN 22.0 software, employing methods, such as frequency, percentage, standard deviation, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, Scheffé test, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis.

Results
The participants showed a positive correlation between prenatal depression and pregnancy stress (r= 0.51, p< 0.001) and negative correlations with maternal-fetal attachment (r=- 0.38, p< 0.001) and social support (r=- 0.50, p< 0.001). Regression analysis revealed that the relationship with the spouse (β=-0.42, p= 0.006), a family history of depression (β= 0.35, p< 0.001), pregnancy stress (β= 0.30, p< 0.001), and maternal-fetal attachment (β=- 0.15, p= 0.033) significantly influenced prenatal depression in that order, with an explanatory power of 52% (F=16.04, p<0.001).

Conclusion
In managing prenatal depression in high-risk pregnant women, it is essential to identify individuals with strained relationships with their spouses or a family history of depression. Furthermore, implementing educational and nursing intervention programs designed to reduce pregnancy stress and encourage maternal-fetal attachment behaviors is crucial.
A szolgáló, etikus és autentikus vezetési stílusok összehasonlító elemzése a BANI világ kihívásainak tükrében
Authors: Kollár László , Pierog Anita 
Published: June 2024

In a globalised and accelerated economy, managers are under increasing pressure to reconcile organisational goals that are independent from human being with the reality of human relationships. The human being, as a being with intellect and senses striving towards happiness, is the focus of positive leadership styles and is their major concern in the field of management theory. In this article, three such positive styles, authentic, servant and ethical leadership principles and their operating conditions are compared using international literature. The literature time span of about two decades shows that the evolution of the ethical leadership literature has slowed down, while the authentic and servant leadership literature has continued to evolve and is still evolving today. The comparative table that appears in this study highlights both commonalities and distinctions, in that, in addition to high moral and ethical standards, the authentic style focuses primarily on the person of the leader, the ethical leader on the ethical standards of the organisation, while the servant leader focuses on the development of the well-being of the subordinate, the other person, even through self-sacrifice. We intend to use the results of this research to investigate measures of positive styles, preparing the scientific ground for future primary empirical field studies.
Clinical and epidemiological analysis of intestinal infections in a children's infectious diseases hospital, experience in using the PEWS scale
Authors: Dyagileva A. Y. , Solodovnikova O. N. , Pylaeva S. K. , Kiseleva K. A. , Erovichenkov A. A. , Troshchansky D. V. , Tyurin I. N. , Protsenko D. N. , Shamsheva O. V. 
Published: June 2024

Purpose of the work: to conduct a clinical-epidemiological analysis of intestinal infections in a pediatric infectious diseases hospital and the effectiveness of the PEWS scale.Materials and methods: a retrospective study was conducted at the Moscow City Clinical Hospital «Communarka» and City Clinical Hospital No. 1 in the pediatric infectious disease departments from June 1, 2023, to August 31, 2023. Laboratory, clinical, and anamnestic data were obtained from the medical information system «EMIAS» and the laboratory information system (LIS) «ALISA». The study analyzed 838 medical records of children with acute respiratory infections.Results: when conducting a statistical analysis of indicators in two groups (group 1 — PEWS ≥ 3 points, recorded at least once during the entire period of hospitalization, group 2 — PEWS from 1 to 2 points, recorded at least once during hospitalization period) no significant differences were observed in terms of etiology, age, day of illness, blood test results, and length of hospital stay. All patients had a moderate form of acute respiratory infection, however, patients with PEWS ≥ 3 points required increased attention from medical staff and had a higher risk of deterioration without additional medical intervention, with the most significant risk in predicting deterioration being related to changes in the cardiovascular system. All children were discharged home in satisfactory condition with PEWS = 0.Conclusion: In our conducted research, for the first time in the Russian Federation, the experience of using the PEWS scale in pediatric practice for patients with gastrointestinal infections was applied with the aim of early detection of the risk of clinical deterioration. It can be assumed that the most significant risk in predicting deterioration in the condition of a child with acute gastrointestinal infection, as well as with acute respiratory infection, is predominantly due to disturbances in the cardiovascular system.
Excess Risk of Injury in Individuals With Type 1 or Type 2 Diabetes Compared With the General Population
Authors: Feleke Berhanu Elfu , Salim Agus , Morton Jedidiah I. , Gabbe Belinda J. , Magliano Dianna J. , Shaw Jonathan E. 
Published: June 2024

OBJECTIVE
To estimate the relative risk (RR) and excess hospitalization rate for injury in individuals with diabetes compared with the general population.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Data were obtained from the Australian National Diabetes Services Scheme, hospitalization data sets, the Australian Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme, the National Death Index, and the census spanning from 2011 to 2017. Hospitalizations for injury were coded as head and neck, lower-extremity, upper-extremity, or abdominal and thoracic injury; burns; or other injury. Poisson regression was used to estimate the age- and sex-adjusted RR of hospitalization for injury.

RESULTS
The total number of hospitalizations for any injury was 117,705 in people with diabetes and 3,463,173 in the general population. Compared with that in the general population, an elevated adjusted risk of admission was observed for any injury (RR 1.22; 95% CI 1.21, 1.22), head and neck (1.28; 1.26, 1.30), lower extremity (1.24; 1.23, 1.26), abdominal and thoracic (1.29; 1.27, 1.30), upper extremity (1.03; 1.02, 1.05), burns (1.52; 1.44, 1.61), and other injury (1.37; 1.33, 1.40). The adjusted RR of any injury was 1.62 (1.58, 1.66) in individuals with type 1 diabetes, 1.65 (1.63, 1.66) in those with type 2 diabetes who were taking insulin, and 1.07 (1.06, 1.08) in individuals with type 2 diabetes not using insulin. Falls were the primary cause of injury in individuals with diabetes.

CONCLUSIONS
Individuals with diabetes, especially those using insulin, had a higher risk of hospitalization for injury compared with the general population.
Clinical case of disseminated histoplasmosis in a kidney graft recipient
Authors: Titova P. G. , Shmarina N. V. , Lazareva K. E. , Nefedova G. A. , Dmitriev I. V. , Balkarov A. G. 
Published: June 2024

Introduction. Histoplasmosis is not an endemic form of fungal infection in Russia; its sporadic cases are mainly associated with the import of the fungus from endemic countries. We consider it necessary to demonstrate a rare case of the disseminated histoplasmosis development in a kidney transplant recipient.Objective. Demonstration of a case of the disseminated histoplasmosis development in a kidney transplant recipient.Results. The clinical manifestations of the disease were described; the affected organs were macroscopically and histologically studied, which made it possible to diagnose disseminated histoplasmosis.Conclusions. This case prompts being on alert to potential occurrence of fungal infections, including non-endemic ones, in patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy.
How New Digital-Based Service Offers Change Consumer Practices: A Theory of Social Practise (TSP) Approach
Authors: Kłeczek Ryszard , Pluta-Olearnik Mirosława , Pukas Anetta 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the transformative impact of digital service offers on consumer practices, utilizing the Theory of Social Practice (TSP) as a theoretical framework. Focusing on the use of public transportation and short-term car rental (“carsharing”) services, it explores how digital innovations reshape consumer behaviors and interactions. Through an empirical analysis of commuter practices, the research identifies how consumers use digital service offers from providers to create and adapt new practices. Key findings include the emergence of distinctive commuting behaviors, such as the use of fully electric rental cars in bus lanes during rush hours, contrasted with the use of non-electric rental cars in regular traffic lanes during off-peak times. These observations underscore a dynamic shift from established consumer practices, revealing a process where consumers actively innovate and redefine their daily routines in response to digital service offerings. The study not only highlights the fluidity of consumer practices but also suggests a research strategy focused on understanding these emerging patterns rather than on studying predefined practice modalities.
Emotional Determinants of Snack Consumption by Polish Consumers
Authors: Jerzyk Ewa , Kaczmarek Mirosława , Mruk-Tomczak Dobrosława , Gluza Natalia 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Emotions are the effect but also the cause of eating behaviors, including the purchase and consumption of snacks. As snacks become an increasingly prevalent segment of the food industry, their consumption has been linked to rising rates of overweight, obesity, and diet-related diseases. Understanding how emotional valence influences consumer attitudes and behaviors toward snacks is therefore crucial. This study explores the relationship between emotional eating and the propensity to consume unhealthy snacks, both sweet and salty. A survey of 707 representative participants revealed distinct emotional patterns in snack consumption, with choices significantly influenced by consumers' emotional states and personal preferences. Furthermore, individuals who frequently opted for unhealthy snacks typically exhibited poorer health and financial profiles.
Implementasi Pendidikan Berbasis Multikultural: Membentuk Karakter Siswa Menuju Indonesia Emas 2045
Authors: Umiati* Umiati , Sufi Ivan Septian 
Published: June 2024

Cultural and religious diversity in Indonesia, believed or not, will be able to cause problems that are now facing this nation. Corruption, Collusion, Nepotism, thuggery, political strife and the most prevalent at this time is bullying in schools and outside schools. The implementation of Multicultural-Based Education offers an alternative through the application of the concept of education to the use of diversity in society, especially in students. This education is also important to be applied to children from an early age to grow into a generation tolerant of diversity. This type of education can be given directly by the school, through teachers and applied by parents at home. The novelty in this article is to find a new path in the Implementation of Multicultural-Based Education to shape the character of students towards a Golden Indonesia 2045. The purpose of this study is to describe the results of research related to multicultural education and student character building in education in Indonesia. The findings in the articles can make the basis for formulating new paths or providing recommendations in the implementation of multicultural-based education to shape student character towards Golden Indonesia 2045. The method used in this study is a literature review of Indonesian and English articles in 2018-2022 sourced from google scholar search sites, National Journal (Garuda) and Journal of Education Management with the keywords "Multicultural Education", "Education Implementation" and "Student Character". The data analysis procedure was carried out based on a qualitative approach, research findings showed that the implementation of Multicultural Education had an important positive influence on student character. Students will experience increased understanding and appreciation of differences, both in terms of culture, religion, and social values. Multicultural education must be taught from an early age by teachers through integrating into subjects, using various strategies and variations inside and outside the classroom and creating a culture of equal treatment without differentiating in the school environment.