bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An investigation into the effects of damping and nonlinear geometry models in earthquake engineering analysis
Authors: Hardyniec Andrew , Charney Finley 
Published: July 2015

SummaryThe growing emphasis of considering the behavior of structures at extreme performance states, such as collapse, has necessitated the characterization of the effects of varying attributes of the structural model. One source of variability that has not previously been considered is variability in the mathematical model. This study investigated the effects of changing the geometric nonlinearity approach and damping model on a four‐story buckling restrained braced frame, a four‐story steel moment resisting frame, and an eight‐story steel moment resisting frame. The variations in behavior are quantified using the maximum interstory drift ratio as the performance metric and qualified by comparing the relative displaced shapes and component response histories at the collapse performance state. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phytochemical, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities of different citrus juice concentrates
Authors: Oikeh Ehigbai I. , Omoregie Ehimwenma S. , Oviasogie Faith E. , Oriakhi Kelly 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe search for new antimicrobial compounds is ongoing. Its importance cannot be overemphasized in an era of emerging resistant pathogenic organisms. This study therefore investigated the phytochemical composition and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of different citrus juice concentrates. Fruit juices of Citrus tangerine (tangerine), Citrus paradisi (grape), Citrus limon (lemon), and Citrus aurantifolia (lime) were evaluated. Antimicrobial activities against five bacterial and three fungal strains were evaluated. The results revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, saponins, cardiac glycosides, and reducing sugars in all the juice concentrates. DPPH (1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging capacities varied with tangerine and grape juices having better scavenging capacities than lemon and lime juices. Grape juice was observed to have a significantly higher (P < 0.05) ferric‐reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) value (364.2 ± 10.25 μmol/L Fe(II)/g of the extract) than the reference antioxidant, ascorbic acid (312.88 ± 5.61 μmol/L). Antimicrobial studies revealed differential antimicrobial activities against different microbial strains. Zones of inhibition ranging from 4 to 26 mm were observed for the antibacterial tests with 0–24 mm for antifungal test. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bacteriostatic concentrations (MBC) for concentrates against bacterial strains ranged from 12.5 to 200 μg/mL. Lemon and lime juice concentrates had lower MIC and MBC values with orange and tangerine having the highest values. Minimum fungicidal concentrations ranged from 50 to 200 μg/mL. The results of this study suggest that these juice concentrates may have beneficial antimicrobial roles that can be exploited in controlling unwanted microbial growth.
Comparison of glycine uptake by pak choi in organic and conventional soil under different glycine concentrations: A pot study
Authors: Wang Xiaoli , Han Ruifeng , Tang Dongmei , Huang Danfeng 
Published: July 2015

AbstractMany studies have shown that plants can utilize organic N in the form of amino acids. However, it is unclear whether the glycine‐uptake capability responds differently to various farm management systems, and whether the interaction of farm management type with soil glycine concentrations affects the glycine uptake by plants. A pot experiment was conducted in which pak choi (Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis Makino var. communis Tsen et Lee) was grown in soil from organic and conventional agricultural systems for 15 d prior to labeling with 2‐13C, 15N‐glycine in a range of Gly concentrations (0, 0.005, 0.05, 0.5, 5, and 15 μg N g−1 dry soil). The glycine uptake rate increased with increasing applied N concentrations, whereas the glycine recovery increased initially and then decreased. Regardless of glycine concentration, the glycine uptake rates of whole plants were moderate, but not significantly higher in organic than in conventional soil. The plant glycine recovery in organic soil was significantly higher than in conventional soil. Therefore, we suggest that pak choi glycine uptake differs under organic and conventional management systems. More research efforts should focus on the nutritional function of organic N in organic systems.
Assessment and Management of Intellectual Capital: A Single Case Study on the Construction and Implementation of an IC Index
Authors: Grimaldi Michele , Cricelli Livio , Rogo Francesco 
Published: July 2015

The purpose of this paper is to present an index that assesses the contribution of the intellectual capital (IC) to the value creation process of an organization. The index combines into a single measure the contributions of the individual IC elements on the basis of their strategic importance, their performance, and their reciprocal influence.Five steps, based on the Assessment and Management of Intellectual Capital (AMIC), are considered as essential to build up the index. First, a theoretical framework is developed to underpin the process of selection of the different IC categories. Then, further steps suggest how to aggregate, weigh, and normalize the value of the IC categories in order to build the AMIC index. The index has been implemented into the ‘Software’ community of innovation of Finmeccanica, which is the leading Italian group in Aerospace, Defence, and Security. We argue that the AMIC index can be successfully used to assess and verify the performance of the value creation process and to explain the behaviour of each specific IC category and its contribution to the combined unit value. Furthermore, the analysis of each category contribution to the value creation can be carried out both in terms of stock and flow in order to highlight the quantitative and qualitative interrelations among the categories. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polycomb Group (PcG) Proteins and Human Cancers: Multifaceted Functions and Therapeutic Implications
Authors: Wang Wei , Qin Jiang‐Jiang , Voruganti Sukesh , Nag Subhasree , Zhou Jianwei , Zhang Ruiwen 
Published: July 2015

AbstractPolycomb group (PcG) proteins are transcriptional repressors that regulate several crucial developmental and physiological processes in the cell. More recently, they have been found to play important roles in human carcinogenesis and cancer development and progression. The deregulation and dysfunction of PcG proteins often lead to blocking or inappropriate activation of developmental pathways, enhancing cellular proliferation, inhibiting apoptosis, and increasing the cancer stem cell population. Genetic and molecular investigations of PcG proteins have long been focused on their PcG functions. However, PcG proteins have recently been shown to exert non‐classical‐Pc‐functions, contributing to the regulation of diverse cellular functions. We and others have demonstrated that PcG proteins regulate the expression and function of several oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in a PcG‐independent manner, and PcG proteins are associated with the survival of patients with cancer. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the research on PcG proteins, including both the Pc‐repressive and non‐classical‐Pc‐functions. We specifically focus on the mechanisms by which PcG proteins play roles in cancer initiation, development, and progression. Finally, we discuss the potential value of PcG proteins as molecular biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer, and as molecular targets for cancer therapy.
Multiparametric MRI as an early biomarker of individual therapy effects during concomitant treatment of brain tumours
Authors: Lemasson Benjamin , Bouchet Audrey , Maisin Cécile , Christen Thomas , Le Duc Géraldine , Rémy Chantal , Barbier Emmanuel L. , Serduc Raphaël 
Published: July 2015

The aim of this study was to determine the ability of multiparametric MRI to identify the early effects of individual treatment, during combined chemo‐radiotherapy on brain tumours.Eighty male rats bearing 9L gliosarcomas were randomized into four groups: untreated, anti‐angiogenic therapy (SORA group), microbeam radiation therapy (MRT group) and both treatments (MRT+SORA group). Multiparametric MRI (tumour volume, diffusion‐weighted MR imaging (ADC), blood volume fraction (BVf), microvessel index (VSI), vessel wall integrity (AUCP846) and tissue oxygen saturation (StO2)) was performed 1 day before and 2, 5 and 8 days after treatment initiation. Unpaired t‐tests and one‐way ANOVA were used for statistical analyses.Each MR parameter measured in our protocol was revealed to be sensitive to tumour changes induced by any of the therapies used (individually or combined). When compared with untreated tumours, SORA induced a decrease in BVf, VSI, StO2 and AUCP846, MRT generated an increase in ADC and AUCP846 and combined therapies yielded mixed effects: an increase in ADC and AUCP846 and a decrease in BVf, StO2 and AUCP846. MRT and MRT+SORA significantly slowed tumour growth. Despite these two groups presenting with similar tumour sizes, the information yielded from MR multiparameter assessment indicated that, when used concomitantly, each therapy induced distinguishable and appreciable physiological changes in the tumour.Our results suggest that multiparametric MRI can monitor the effects of individual treatments, used concomitantly, on brain tumours. Such monitoring would be useful for the detection of tumour resistance to drug/radiotherapy in patients undergoing concomitant therapies. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Combustion of Mechanically Alloyed Aluminum‐Magnesium Powders in Steam
Authors: Quijano Danielle , Corcoran Amy L. , Dreizin Edward L. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractMechanically alloyed Al⋅Mg powders with the mole fraction of Al varied from 0.47 to 0.9 were burned at atmospheric pressure in water vapor. The powders were carried by nitrogen through the center of a hydrogen‐oxygen diffusion flame. The particles ignited in the steam at approximately 2500 K, generated as the hydrogen‐oxygen flame product. Filtered photomultiplier tubes were used to capture the optical emission traces of individual particles as they burned. It was assumed that the measured durations of individual emission pulses are representative of individual particle burn times. Distributions of the burn times were obtained for each powder and correlated with respective particle size distributions to relate particle burn times with their sizes. Color temperatures corresponding to the particle emission signals were also obtained. It was observed that the burn times measured for alloys were more close to those of pure Al than Mg; for particles smaller than 2–3 μm, burn times for the alloys were shorter than for pure metal particles. The effect was strongest for the alloy with 50 wt‐% of Mg (Al0.47Mg0.54). Approximately, burn times, τ, as a function of particle size, d, could be estimated using a τ∼dn law, where n increased from 0.72 to 1.05 as the mole fraction of Mg increased from 0.1 to 0.53. The particle flame temperatures varied between 2500 and 3100 K for all alloys except for Al0.7Mg0.3, for which the temperatures were somewhat lower. The measured flame temperatures were reasonably close to the adiabatic flame temperatures calculated for combustion of mixed elemental Al and Mg in steam.
Severe Influenza in 33 US Hospitals, 2013–2014: Complications and Risk Factors for Death in 507 Patients
Authors: Shah Nirav S. , Greenberg Jared A. , McNulty Moira C. , Gregg Kevin S. , Riddell James , Mangino Julie E. , Weber Devin M. , Hebert Courtney L. , Marzec Natalie S. , Barron Michelle A. , Chaparro-Rojas Fredy , Restrepo Alejandro , Hemmige Vagish , Prasidthrathsint Kunatum , Cobb Sandra , Herwaldt Loreen , Raabe Vanessa , Cannavino Christopher R. , Hines Andrea Green , Bares Sara H. , Antiporta Philip B. , Scardina Tonya , Patel Ursula , Reid Gail , Mohazabnia Parvin , Kachhdiya Suresh , Le Binh-Minh , Park Connie J. , Ostrowsky Belinda , Robicsek Ari , Smith Becky A. , Schied Jeanmarie , Bhatti Micah M. , Mayer Stockton , Sikka Monica , Murphy-Aguilu Ivette , Patwari Priti , Abeles Shira R. , Torriani Francesca J. , Abbas Zainab , Toya Sophie , Doktor Katherine , Chakrabarti Anindita , Doblecki-Lewis Susanne , Looney David J. , David Michael Z. 
Published: July 2015

BACKGROUNDInfluenza A (H1N1) pdm09 became the predominant circulating strain in the United States during the 2013–2014 influenza season. Little is known about the epidemiology of severe influenza during this season.METHODSA retrospective cohort study of severely ill patients with influenza infection in intensive care units in 33 US hospitals from September 1, 2013, through April 1, 2014, was conducted to determine risk factors for mortality present on intensive care unit admission and to describe patient characteristics, spectrum of disease, management, and outcomes.RESULTSA total of 444 adults and 63 children were admitted to an intensive care unit in a study hospital; 93 adults (20.9%) and 4 children (6.3%) died. By logistic regression analysis, the following factors were significantly associated with mortality among adult patients: older age (>65 years, odds ratio, 3.1 [95% CI, 1.4–6.9], P=.006 and 50–64 years, 2.5 [1.3–4.9], P=.007; reference age 18–49 years), male sex (1.9 [1.1–3.3], P=.031), history of malignant tumor with chemotherapy administered within the prior 6 months (12.1 [3.9–37.0], P<.001), and a higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score (for each increase by 1 in score, 1.3 [1.2–1.4], P<.001).CONCLUSIONRisk factors for death among US patients with severe influenza during the 2013–2014 season, when influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 was the predominant circulating strain type, shifted in the first postpandemic season in which it predominated toward those of a more typical epidemic influenza season.Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 2015;36(11):1251–1260
Ultrastructural Visualization of Vaccine Adjuvant Uptake In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Giusti Fabiola , Seubert Anja , Cantisani Rocco , Tortoli Marco , D’Oro Ugo , Ferlenghi Ilaria , Dallai Romano , Piccioli Diego 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAdjuvants are substances that enhance adaptive immune responses when formulated in a vaccine. Alum and MF59 are two vaccine adjuvants licensed for human vaccination. Their mode of action has not been completely elucidated. Here we show the first ultrastructural visualization of Alum and MF59 interaction with immune cells in vitro and in vivo. We observed that Alum is engulfed by cells as inclusions of laminae that are detectable within draining lymph nodes. MF59 is instead engulfed by cells in vitro as low-electron-dense lipid-like inclusions that display a vesicle pattern, as confirmed by confocal microscopy using fluorescently labeled MF59. However, lipid-like inclusions with different high- and low-electron-dense content are detected within cells of draining lymph nodes when injecting MF59. As high-electron-dense lipid-like inclusions are also detected upon injection of Alum, our results suggest that the low-electron-dense inclusions are formed by engulfed MF59, whereas the high-electron-dense inclusions are proper lipid inclusions. Thus, we demonstrated that vaccine adjuvants are engulfed as inclusions by lymph node cells and hypothesize that adjuvant treatment may modify lipid metabolism.
Protein kinase R-like ER kinase and its role in endoplasmic reticulum stress-decided cell fate
Authors: Liu Z , Lv Y , Zhao N , Guan G , Wang J 
Published: July 2015

AbstractOver the past few decades, understandings and evidences concerning the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in deciding the cell fate have been constantly growing. Generally, during ER stress, the signal transductions are mainly conducted by three ER stress transducers: protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), inositol-requiring kinase 1 (IRE1) and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6). Consequently, the harmful stimuli from the ER stress transducers induce apoptosis and autophagy, which share several crosstalks and eventually decide the cell fate. The dominance of apoptosis or autophagy induced by ER stress depends on the type and degree of the stimuli. When ER stress is too severe and prolonged, apoptosis is induced to eliminate the damaged cells; however, when stimuli are mild, cell survival is promoted to maintain normal physiological functions by inducing autophagy. Although all the three pathways participate in ER stress-induced apoptosis and autophagy, PERK shows several unique characteristics by interacting with some specific downstream effectors. Notably, there are some preliminary findings on PERK-dependent mechanisms switching autophagy and apoptosis. In this review, we particularly focused on the novel, intriguing and complicated role of PERK in ER stress-decided cell fate, and also discussed more roles of PERK in restoring cellular homeostasis. However, more in-depth knowledge of PERK in the future would facilitate our understanding about many human diseases and benefit in searching for new molecular therapeutic targets.
WWOX dysfunction induces sequential aggregation of TRAPPC6AΔ, TIAF1, tau and amyloid β, and causes apoptosis
Authors: Chang J-Y , Chang N-S 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAggregated vesicle-trafficking protein isoform TRAPPC6AΔ (TPC6AΔ) has a critical role in causing caspase activation, tau aggregation and Aβ generation in the brains of nondemented middle-aged humans, patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and 3-week-old Wwox gene knockout mice. WWOX blocks neurodegeneration via interactions with tau and tau-phosphorylating enzymes. WWOX deficiency leads to epilepsy, mental retardation and early death. Here, we demonstrated that TGF-β1 induces shuttling of endogenous wild-type TPC6A and TPC6AΔ in between nucleoli and mitochondria (~40–60 min per round trip), and WWOX reduces the shuttling time by 50%. TGF-β1 initially maximizes the binding of TPC6AΔ to the C-terminal tail of WWOX, followed by dissociation. TPC6AΔ then undergoes aggregation, together with TIAF1 (TGF-β1-induced antiapoptotic factor), in the mitochondria to induce apoptosis. An additional rescue scenario is that TGF-β1 induces Tyr33 phosphorylation and unfolding of WWOX and its the N-terminal WW domain slowly binds TPC6AΔ to block aggregation and apoptosis. Similarly, loss of WWOX induces TPC6AΔ polymerization first, then aggregation of TIAF1, amyloid β and tau, and subsequent cell death, suggesting that a cascade of protein aggregation leads to neurodegeneration.
Exploring bubble oscillation and mass transfer enhancement in acoustic-assisted liquid-liquid extraction with a microfluidic device
Authors: Xie Yuliang , Chindam Chandraprakash , Nama Nitesh , Yang Shikuan , Lu Mengqian , Zhao Yanhui , Mai John D. , Costanzo Francesco , Huang Tony Jun 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe investigated bubble oscillation and its induced enhancement of mass transfer in a liquid-liquid extraction process with an acoustically-driven, bubble-based microfluidic device. The oscillation of individually trapped bubbles, of known sizes, in microchannels was studied at both a fixed frequency and over a range of frequencies. Resonant frequencies were analytically identified and were found to be in agreement with the experimental observations. The acoustic streaming induced by the bubble oscillation was identified as the cause of this enhanced extraction. Experiments extracting Rhodanmine B from an aqueous phase (DI water) to an organic phase (1-octanol) were performed to determine the relationship between extraction efficiency and applied acoustic power. The enhanced efficiency in mass transport via these acoustic-energy-assisted processes was confirmed by comparisons against a pure diffusion-based process.
Interleukin-35 administration counteracts established murine type 1 diabetes – possible involvement of regulatory T cells
Authors: Singh Kailash , Kadesjö Erik , Lindroos Julia , Hjort Marcus , Lundberg Marcus , Espes Daniel , Carlsson Per-Ola , Sandler Stellan , Thorvaldson Lina 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-35 is produced by regulatory T (Treg) cells to suppress autoimmune and inflammatory responses. The role of IL-35 in type 1 diabetes (T1D) remains to be answered. To elucidate this, we investigated the kinetics of Treg cell response in the multiple low dose streptozotocin induced (MLDSTZ) T1D model and measured the levels of IL-35 in human T1D patients. We found that Treg cells were increased in MLDSTZ mice. However, the Treg cells showed a decreased production of anti-inflammatory (IL-10, IL-35, TGF-β) and increased pro-inflammatory (IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-17) cytokines, indicating a phenotypic shift of Treg cells under T1D condition. IL-35 administration effectively both prevented development of and counteracted established MLDSTZ T1D, seemingly by induction of Eos expression and IL-35 production in Treg cells, thus reversing the phenotypic shift of the Treg cells. IL-35 administration reversed established hyperglycemia in NOD mouse model of T1D. Moreover, circulating IL-35 levels were decreased in human T1D patients compared to healthy controls. These findings suggest that insufficient IL-35 levels play a pivotal role in the development of T1D and that treatment with IL-35 should be investigated in treatment of T1D and other autoimmune diseases.
Live-cell superresolution microscopy reveals the organization of RNA polymerase in the bacterial nucleoid
Authors: Stracy Mathew , Lesterlin Christian , Garza de Leon Federico , Uphoff Stephan , Zawadzki Pawel , Kapanidis Achillefs N. 
Published: July 2015

Significance
Transcription is one of the most fundamental processes for life. In eukaryotic cells, transcriptional activity is regulated to a large degree by chromosome packaging. In bacteria, despite the absence of a nuclear envelope and many of the DNA-packaging proteins of eukaryotes, the chromosome is still highly condensed into a structured object, the nucleoid. The spatial organization of transcription within the nucleoid and the effect of transcription on DNA organization remain poorly understood. In this work, we characterize how RNA polymerase accesses transcription sites on DNA, and show that active transcription can cause spatial reorganization of the nucleoid, with movement of gene loci out of the bulk of DNA as levels of transcription increase.
To Adapt or Not Adapt: Assessing the Adaptive Capacity of Artisanal Fishers in the Trondheimsfjord (Norway) to Jellyfish (Periphylla periphylla) Bloom and Purse Seiners
Authors: Tiller Rachel Gjelsvik , Mork Jarle , Liu Yajie , Borgersen Åshild L , Richards Russell 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Worldwide increases of jellyfish has occurred during the last several decades. A dense population of a large scyphozoan jellyfish, Periphylla periphylla, has established itself as top predator in the Trondheimsfjord in Norway, impacting traditional fisheries. On this background we discuss the adaptive capacity of artisanal fishers and stakeholder involvement in environmental management. A serendipitous discovery was that fishers report that their capacity to adapt to the presence of jellyfish in fact was sufficient. What they could not adapt to, within the context of jellyfish proliferation, was top–down decisions from the national government allowing purse seiners into the fjord to harvest Sprat Sprattus sprattus and Atlantic Herring Clupea harengus rest quotas and thereby also large bycatches of the local codfishes. This harvest was perceived more detrimental to their fishery than was the jellyfish invasion. Relative to fisheries management's choice of regulatory mechanisms during times of climatic change, we argue that by involving stakeholders intimately, the resulting policy advice will be experienced bottom–up and, thus, more legitimate and serendipitous results of a critical nature are more likely to surface.
Received August 21, 2014; accepted March 20, 2015