bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trio Catalysis Merging Enamine, Brønsted Acid, and Metal Lewis Acid Catalysis: Asymmetric Three‐Component Aza‐Diels–Alder Reaction of Substituted Cinnamaldehydes, Cyclic Ketones, and Arylamines
Authors: Deng Yongming , Kumar Siddhartha , Wheeler Kraig , Wang Hong 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA trio catalyst system, composed of arylamine, BINOL‐derived phosphoric acid, and Y(OTf)3, enables the combination of enamine catalysis with both hard metal Lewis acid catalysis and Brønsted acid catalysis for the first time. Using this catalyst system, a three‐component aza‐Diels–Alder reaction of substituted cinnamaldehyde, cyclic ketone, and arylamine is carried out with high chemo‐ and enantioselectivity, affording a series of optically active 1,4‐dihydropyridine (DHP) derivatives are obtained in 91–99 % ee and 59–84 % yield. DHPs bearing a chiral quaternary carbon center are also obtained with good enantioselectivity and moderate yield (three examples). Preliminary mechanistic investigations have also been conducted.
Development and psychometric evaluation of the Quality of Patient‐Centered Cancer Care measure with hematological cancer survivors
Authors: Tzelepis Flora , Sanson‐Fisher Robert W. , Hall Alix E. , Carey Mariko L. , Paul Christine L. , Clinton‐McHarg Tara 
Published: April 2015

BACKGROUNDThe Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommended 6 objectives for achieving patient‐centered care. However, most patient‐reported outcome measures developed with cancer populations fail to address all 6 patient‐centeredness dimensions. The Quality of Patient‐Centered Cancer Care (QPCCC) measure was developed on the basis of IOM recommendations, and the measure's validity, reliability, and floor and ceiling effects were examined.METHODSThe development of the QPCCC measure included interviews with hematological cancer survivors and feedback from hematologists and cancer patients. To evaluate the measure's psychometric properties, hematological cancer survivors were identified via 2 cancer registries and were mailed the QPCCC measure. To examine test‐retest reliability, a second QPCCC measure was mailed to survivors 7 to 14 days after they had returned the first measure.RESULTSOverall, 545 hematological cancer survivors completed the 48‐item QPCCC measure. Exploratory factor analysis revealed a 10‐factor structure with factor loadings > 0.40. The subscales were labeled Treatment Delivery, Treatment Decision Making, Coordinated and Integrated Care, Emotional Support, Timely Care, Follow‐Up Care, Respectful Communication, Patient Preferences and Values, Cancer Information, and Equitable Care. The QPCCC measure demonstrated acceptable internal consistency for all subscales (Cronbach's α = .73‐.94). When test‐retest reliability was assessed, 4 items demonstrated substantial agreement (κ > 0.60), whereas 40 items showed moderate agreement (κ = 0.41‐0.60). Ceiling effects were present for 8 subscales.CONCLUSIONSThe QPCCC measure has acceptable face and content validity, construct validity, and internal consistency. However, the measure's discriminant validity and test‐retest reliability could be improved. The QPCCC measure could be used to improve patient‐centered cancer care. Cancer 2015;121:2383–2392. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Effect of Dimethyl Carbonate on the Dynamic Properties and Ionicities of Ionic Liquids with [MIII(hfip)4]− (M=B, Al) Anions
Authors: Rupp Alexander B. A. , Welle Sabrina , Klose Petra , Scherer Harald , Krossing Ingo 
Published: April 2015

AbstractSeveral ionic liquids (ILs) comprising [B(hfip)4]− [hfip=OCH(CF3)2] or [Al(hfip)4]− anions and imidazolium or ammonium cations were prepared and mixed with up to 270 mol % of dimethyl carbonate (DMC). The viscosities, conductivities, and self‐diffusion constants of these mixtures and, where possible, of the neat ILs were measured and compared with common [NTf2]− based ILs and their mixtures with DMC. A tremendous decrease of the viscosities and a likewise increase of the conductivities and diffusion constants can be achieved for all classes of ILs. However, the order of the conductivities is partially reversed in the diffusion data. This is probably due to the low dielectric constant of DMC and the, thus, favored ion pairing, as evidenced, for example, by the calculated ionicities. Altogether, our data show that the chemically robust, but high‐melting and more viscous [B(hfip)4]− ILs might be candidates for electrolytes when mixed with suitable molecular solvents.
Output‐capacitorless segmented low‐dropout voltage regulator with controlled pass transistors
Authors: Saberkari Alireza , Qaraqanabadi Farima , Shirmohammadli Vahideh , Martínez Herminio , Alarcon Eduard 
Published: April 2015

SummaryThis article presents a low quiescent current output‐capacitorless quasi‐digital complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS) low‐dropout (LDO) voltage regulator with controlled pass transistors according to load demands. The pass transistor of the LDO is segmented into two smaller sizes based on a proposed segmentation criterion, which considers the maximum output voltage transient variations due to the load transient to different load current steps to find the suitable current boundary for segmentation. This criterion shows that low load conditions will cause more output variations and settling time if the pass transistor is used in its maximum size. Furthermore, this situation is the worst case for stability requirements of the LDO. Therefore, using one smaller transistor for low load currents and another one larger for higher currents, a proper trade‐off between output variations, complexity, and power dissipation is achieved. The proposed LDO regulator has been designed and post‐simulated in HSPICE in a 0.18 µm CMOS process to supply a stable load current between 0 and 100 mA with a 40 pF on‐chip output capacitor, while consuming 4.8 μA quiescent current. The dropout voltage of the LDO is set to 200 mV for 1.8 V input voltage. The results reveal an improvement of approximately 53% and 25% on the output voltage variations and settling time, respectively. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parallel domain decomposition method for finite element approximation of 3D steady state non‐Newtonian fluids
Authors: Shiu Wen‐Shin , Hwang Feng‐Nan , Cai Xiao‐Chuan 
Published: April 2015

SummaryWe introduce a stabilized finite element method for the 3D non‐Newtonian Navier–Stokes equations and a parallel domain decomposition method for solving the sparse system of nonlinear equations arising from the discretization. Non‐Newtonian flow problems are, generally speaking, more challenging than Newtonian flows because the nonlinearities are not only in the convection term but also in the viscosity term, which depends on the shear rate. Many good iterative methods and preconditioning techniques that work well for the Newtonian flows do not work well for the non‐Newtonian flows. We employ a Galerkin/least squares finite element method, with stabilization parameters adjusted to count the non‐Newtonian effect, to discretize the equations, and the resulting highly nonlinear system of equations is solved by a Newton–Krylov–Schwarz algorithm. In this study, we apply the proposed method to some inelastic power‐law fluid flows through the eccentric annuli with inner cylinder rotation and investigate the robustness of the method with respect to some physical parameters, including the power‐law index and the Reynolds number ratios. We then report the superlinear speedup achieved by the domain decomposition algorithm on a computer with up to 512 processors. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Learning Through Play
Authors: Honeyford Michelle A. , Boyd Karen 
Published: April 2015

AbstractPlay has a significant role in language and literacy learning. However, even when valued in schools, opportunities for play are limited beyond early childhood education. This study of an after‐school program for adolescents looks closely at several forms of play that students engaged in to produce self‐portraits. The study suggests that play and experimentation with visual texts, tools, spaces, peers, and materials contributed to students’ engagement with complex visual literacy practices. Two important implications are discussed: (1) that learning through play is a participatory, inclusive approach to literacy that invites adolescent students, even those often reticent to take risks, to cultivate literacy practices and identities; and (2) that visual modes of literacy play and production enable an experiential understanding of academic literacy concepts adaptable to other modalities and contexts.
Acrylamide induces locomotor defects and degeneration of dopamine neurons in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Li Jia , Li Dan , Yang Yongsheng , Xu Tiantian , Li Ping , He Defu 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAcrylamide can form in foods during the cooking process and cause multiple adverse effects. However, the neurotoxicity and mechanisms of acrylamide have not been fully elucidated. In Caenorhabditis elegans, we showed that 48 h exposure to 10–625 mg l−1 acrylamide resulted in a significant decline in locomotor frequency of body bending, head thrashing and pharynx pumping. In addition, acrylamide exposure reduced crawling speeds and changed angles of body bending. It indicates that acrylamide induces locomotor defects, along with parkinsonian‐like movement impairment, including bradykinesia and hypokinesia. Acrylamide also affected chemotaxis plasticity and reduced learning ability. Using transgenic nematodes, we found that acrylamide induced downexpression of Pdat‐1 and led to the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. Moreover, the enhanced expression of unc‐54, encoding a subunit of α‐synuclein was found. It illustrates that acrylamide is efficient in inducing crucial parkinsonian pathology, including dopaminergic damage and α‐synuclein aggregation. These findings suggest the acrylamide‐induced locomotor defects and neurotoxicity are associated with Parkinson's disease. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The integumental appendages of the turtle shell: An evo‐devo perspective
Authors: Moustakas‐Verho Jacqueline E. , Cherepanov Gennadii O. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThe turtle shell is composed of dorsal armor (carapace) and ventral armor (plastron) covered by a keratinized epithelium. There are two epithelial appendages of the turtle shell: scutes (large epidermal shields separated by furrows and forming a unique mosaic) and tubercles (numerous small epidermal bumps located on the carapaces of some species). In our perspective, we take a synthetic, comparative approach to consider the homology and evolution of these integumental appendages. Scutes have been more intensively studied, as they are autapomorphic for turtles and can be diagnostic taxonomically. Their pattern of tessellation is stable phylogenetically, but labile in the individual. We discuss the history of developmental investigations of these structures and hypotheses of evolutionary and anomalous variation. In our estimation, the scutes of the turtle shell are an evolutionary novelty, whereas the tubercles found on the shells of some turtles are homologous to reptilian scales. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 324B: 221–229, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prevalence of impaired memory in hospitalized adults and associations with in‐hospital sleep loss
Authors: Calev Hila , Spampinato Lisa M. , Press Valerie G. , Meltzer David O. , Arora Vineet M. 
Published: April 2015

BACKGROUNDEffective inpatient teaching requires intact patient memory, but studies suggest hospitalized adults may have memory deficits. Sleep loss among inpatients could contribute to memory impairment.OBJECTIVETo assess memory in older hospitalized adults, and to test the association between sleep quantity, sleep quality, and memory, in order to identify a possible contributor to memory deficits in these patients.DESIGNProspective cohort study.SETTINGGeneral medicine and hematology/oncology inpatient wards.PATIENTSFifty‐nine hospitalized adults at least 50 years of age with no diagnosed sleep disorder.MEASUREMENTSImmediate memory and memory after a 24‐hour delay were assessed using a word recall and word recognition task from the University of Southern California Repeatable Episodic Memory Test. A vignette‐based memory task was piloted as an alternative test more closely resembling discharge instructions. Sleep duration and efficiency overnight in the hospital were measured using actigraphy.RESULTSMean immediate recall was 3.8 words out of 15 (standard deviation = 2.1). Forty‐nine percent of subjects had poor memory, defined as immediate recall score of 3 or lower. Median immediate recognition was 11 words out of 15 (interquartile range [IQR] = 9–13). Median delayed recall score was 1 word, and median delayed recognition was 10 words (IQR = 8–12). In‐hospital sleep duration and efficiency were not significantly associated with memory. The medical vignette score was correlated with immediate recall (r = 0.49, P < 0.01).CONCLUSIONSAbout half of the inpatients studied had poor memory while in the hospital, signaling that hospitalization might not be an ideal teachable moment. In‐hospital sleep was not associated with memory scores. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2015;10:439–445. © 2015 Society of Hospital Medicine.
The association of patient complexities with antibiotic ordering
Authors: Wooten Darcy , Kahn Katherine , Grein Jonathan D. , Eells Samantha J. , Miller Loren G. 
Published: April 2015

BACKGROUNDAntibiotic treatment decisions for medically complex patients are complicated, as the risk of undertreatment may be severe, whereas overtreatment may be associated with adverse effects and the emergence of antibiotic resistant pathogens.OBJECTIVETo determine the influence of patient complexities on providers’ decisions to prescribe antibiotics in 3 common hospital‐based clinical vignettes.DESIGNA physician survey.SETTINGThree urban medical centers in Los Angeles County, California.PARTICIPANTSHospital‐based physicians.MEASUREMENTSPhysicians were presented 3 clinical vignettes, with variations by patient age, comorbidity burden, functional status, and follow‐up, and asked to choose the best antibiotic regimen. We described the association of additional patient complexity on the proportion of guideline‐adherent antibiotic choices.RESULTSIn the survey, 28% to 49% of physicians recommended antibiotics that were inconsistent with national guidelines. This percentage increased to 48% to 63% for medically complex patients, defined as those with either older age, high medical comorbidity burden, poor functional status, or limited follow‐up after hospital discharge (P < 0.01).CONCLUSIONSIn 3 vignettes depicting common clinical scenarios among hospitalized adults, inappropriate antibiotic use was prevalent and occurred more often for patients with medical complexities. Treatment guidelines should consider addressing medically complex patients in the context of infection management. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2015;10:446–452. © 2015 Society of Hospital Medicine
Effect of fermented medicinal plants on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal noxious gas emissions, and diarrhea score in weanling pigs
Authors: Zhao Pinyao , Li Hanlin , Lei Yan , Li Tianshui , Kim Sunki , Kim Inho 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDAntibiotics used as growth promoters in livestock have been banned in the European Union since 2006. Alternatives of antibiotics have focused on phytogenic plants, such as herbs and medicinal plants. No studies have evaluated the use of fermented medicinal plants (FMP) made up of Gynura procumbens, Rehmannia glutinosa and Scutellaria baicalensis in weanling pigs. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to determine the effects of FMP on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal noxious gas emissions and diarrhea score in weanling pigs.RESULTSFMP supplementation increased (P < 0.05) average daily gain, average daily feed intake, gain:feed, apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter, nitrogen and gross energy compared with NC treatment, while a linear effect (P < 0.05) was observed on those criteria. Ammonia, total mercaptans and hydrogen sulfide concentrations were decreased (P < 0.05) by the supplementation of FMP compared with NC. Additionally, diarrhea score was lower (P < 0.05) by FMP addition compared with NC during days 0–7 and days 8–14.CONCLUSIONThese results suggested that FMP could be used as an alternative to antibiotics by enhancing growth performance and nutrient digestibility, and decreasing fecal noxious gas emission and early diarrhea score of weanling pigs. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
The role of postoperative hematoma on free flap compromise
Authors: Ahmad Faisal I. , Gerecci Deniz , Gonzalez Javier D. , Peck Jessica J. , Wax Mark K. 
Published: April 2015

Objectives/HypothesisHematomas may develop in the postoperative setting after free tissue transfer. When hematomas occur, they can exert pressure on surrounding tissues. Their effect on the vascular pedicle of a free flap is unknown. We describe our incidence of hematoma in free flaps and outcomes when the flap is compromised.Study DesignRetrospective chart review of 1,883 free flaps performed between July 1998 and June 2014 at a tertiary referral center.MethodsPatients with free flap compromise due to hematoma were identified. Etiology, demographic data, and outcomes were evaluated.ResultsEighty‐eight (4.7%) patients developed hematomas. Twenty (22.7%) of those had flap compromise. Twelve compromises (60%) showed evidence of pedicle thrombosis. The salvage rate was 75% versus 54% in 79 flaps with compromise from other causes (P = .12). Mean time to detection of the hematoma was 35.3 hours in salvaged flaps compared to 91.6 hours in unsalvageable flaps (P = .057). Time to operating room (OR) from detection was 2.8 hours in salvageable flaps compared to 12.4 hours in nonsalvageable flaps (P = .053). The salvage rate for flaps that returned to the OR in <5 hours was 93.3% compared to 20% (P = .0049) for those that did not. Vascular thrombosis reduced salvage rate to 58.3% from 100% (P = .002) when there was no thrombosis.ConclusionsIn our series hematomas developed rarely. When they did, 23% went on to develop flap compromise. Prompt recognition and re‐exploration allowed for a high salvage rate. Vessel thrombosis predicted inability to salvage the flap.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 125:1811–1815, 2015
Unusual airway complication after percutaneous tracheotomy: Case report and literature review
Authors: Roxbury Christopher , Qualliotine Jesse , Molena Daniela , Kim Young 
Published: April 2015

We report a case of a 59‐year‐old male who experienced tracheoesophageal fistula and grade IV subglottic stenosis after percutaneous dilation tracheotomy. Although percutaneous tracheotomy is considered a safe procedure that is often performed in the intensive care unit setting, it is not without complications. While subglottic stenosis and tracheoesophageal fistula are known complications of percutaneous tracheotomy, this report discusses a patient who experienced both complications simultaneously. The purpose of this report is to discuss potential serious complications of percutaneous tracheotomy and their management, and to review the literature on percutaneous tracheotomy complications.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 125:1883–1885, 2015
Self‐reported Tobacco use does not correlate with carcinogen exposure in smokers with head and neck cancer
Authors: Khariwala Samir S. , Carmella Steven G. , Stepanov Irina , Bandyopadhyay Dipankar , Nelson Heather H. , Yueh Bevan , Hatsukami Dorothy K. , Hecht Stephen S. 
Published: April 2015

Objectives/HypothesisHead and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is strongly associated with tobacco use. We sought to examine the relationship between self‐reported tobacco use and the level of urinary tobacco carcinogen metabolites in a cohort of patients with HNSCC.Study DesignCross‐sectional analysis.MethodsEighty‐four cigarette smokers with head and neck cancer completed tobacco and alcohol use questionnaires, and the following urinary tobacco metabolites were quantified: 1‐hydroxypyrene (1‐HOP), N'‐nitrosonornicotine and its glucuronides (total NNN), 4‐(methylnitrosamino)‐1‐(3‐pyridyl)‐1‐butanol and its glucuronides (total NNAL), and cotinine. A cross‐sectional analysis was performed with assessment of correlation coefficients.ResultsWhen analyzed based on self‐reported cigarettes per day (CPD), no significant correlation with any of the studied tobacco carcinogen metabolites was found. However, urinary cotinine showed significant correlation with total NNN, total NNAL, and 1‐HOP. Total NNN, total NNAL, and 1‐HOP showed significant correlation with each other suggesting exposure occurs to each proportionally.ConclusionsIn smokers with HNSCC, self‐reported tobacco use does not predict actual carcinogen exposure. In contrast, urinary cotinine levels significantly correlate with carcinogen levels. Therefore, urinary cotinine is the preferred value for estimating carcinogen dose in these patients. 1‐HOP levels were significantly associated with total NNN and total NNAL suggesting that smokers are exposed to these carcinogens proportionally. These data indicate that utilizing conventional methods of estimating tobacco exposure (CPD) may not accurately approximate exposure to tobacco carcinogens in smokers with HNSCC. These data have implications for future studies focused on screening and epidemiology of smokers with HNSCC.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 125:1844–1848, 2015
Extensive evaporation in a modern temperate estuary: Stable isotopic and compositional evidence
Authors: Barrie Gemma M. , Worden Richard H. , Barrie Craig D. , Boyce Adrian J. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractEstuaries have long been recognized as sites of major compositional fluctuations that can have a range of effects including mineral growth in the water column and in the underlying estuarine sediment. We have studied chloride and sodium concentrations and stable isotopes (H and O) from a suite of estuarine waters from the temperate Anllóns estuary in NW Spain to assess the complexity of estuarine mixing process. Water samples were collected hourly from in estuary sites over three consecutive days and end‐member samples were collected on each sampling day. Evaporative concentration of the estuarine waters is demonstrated by the maximum concentration of geochemically conservative chloride being as much as 17.5% greater in the estuary than in the local seawater. Relative to chloride concentration, both δ2H and δ18O values of estuary waters tend to be more enriched than would be expected for the simple physical mixing of river water and seawater. These patterns can only be plausibly accounted for through evaporation affecting the water, concentrating the chloride and causing isotope fractionation. We have modelled the effects of evaporation on chloride concentration and the stable isotopes in the estuary; the results closely match the distribution of analytical data suggesting that up to 40% evaporation has happened. We have demonstrated that two thirds of estuarine water samples analysed underwent between 5% and 40% evaporation. This previously unreported degree of evaporation in estuaries has important implications for any processes that is effected by the consequent degree of elevated solute concentration.