bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic literature review of the risk factors associated with children entering public care
Authors: Simkiss D. E. , Stallard N. , Thorogood M. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractChildren who enter public care are among the most vulnerable in society. In addition to services for their medical needs, a focus on identifying and intervening with families in need where children are at high risk of entering public care is a public health priority. This paper aims to identify the characteristics of children, their parents or their social circumstances which are associated with children entering public care. The databases searched wereCSAIllumina,BritishEducationIndex,ChildData,CINAHL,ExcerptaMedica,MEDLINE, theCampbell andCochraneCollaborations,NHS Centre forReviews andDissemination,NHS Evidence,SocialCareOnline andTRIP; from start dates to 7 February 2011. A total of 6417 titles were reviewed. After review, 10 papers with cohort or case–control methodologies met the inclusion criteria and the included papers were appraised using questions from theCriticalAppraisalSkillsProgramme to guide the critique of case–control and cohort studies. A narrative synthesis is used to describe the research identified. Socio‐economic status, maternal age at birth, health risk factors and other factors including learning difficulties, membership of an ethnic minority group and single parenthood are described as risk factors associated with children entering public care. Health risk factors have been explored using databases developed for other purposes such as health insurance or hospital discharge. A number of risk factors for children entering public care are identified from the literature, some were culturally specific and may not generalize. The interaction between different risk factors needs testing in longitudinal data sets.
Transperineal repair with bulbocavernosus muscle interposition for recto‐urethral fistula
Authors: Ganio E. , Martina S. , Novelli E. , Sandru R. , Clerico G. , Realis Luc A. , Trompetto M. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractAimThe results of repair of recto‐urethral fistulae (RUF) are presented using a bulbocavernosus muscle graft.MethodProspectively collected data were reviewed on 11 patients with RUF operated on between 2003 and 2011. Of these, six were treated by a bulbocavernosus flap. Two RUF had occurred after prostatectomy, three after prostatectomy and radiotherapy and one after perineal trauma; all had a urinary diversion.ResultsClosure of the fistula was achieved in all patients and was maintained for the duration of the period of follow up (mean ± SD = 43.5 ± 24.7 months; range, 8–80 months) There were no complications.ConclusionThis new technique for the repair of RUF is safe and effective, especially in patients with complex postradiation RUF.
Nurse views on the cardiometabolic health nurse as an approach to improving the physical health of people with serious mental illness in Australia
Authors: Happell Brenda , Scott David , Platania‐Phung Chris 
Published: December 2012

AbstractPeople with serious mental illness (SMI) die prematurely from common physical illnesses such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. These cardiometabolic risks are preventable and manageable yet these aspects of health care have been neglected in mental health services. A potential nurse‐based strategy to decisively improve cardiometabolic health of people with SMI is to introduce a cardiometabolic health nurse (CHN) into mental health services. The current study aimed to establish the views of nurses working in mental health care on the potential benefits and limits of CHN to improve physical health‐care standards in Australia. All members of the Australian College of Mental Health Nurses were invited to participate in an online survey and 643 participated. Nurses generally agreed that a CHN role would provide a range of improvements to physical health care, such as increased detection, assessment on, and follow up of cardiometabolic risks, and decreased workload for other nurses. While participants were generally supportive of such a role, they felt it would not be suitable in all health‐care settings in Australia.
Proceedings of the August 2011 Traceability Research Summit
Authors: Bhatt Tejas , Buckley Greg , McEntire Jennifer C. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIFT's Traceability Improvement Initiative aims to advance work in the area of food product tracing through several means including hosted events where thought leaders exchange knowledge and ideas. In August 2011, the Initiative, in collaboration with GS1 US, convened a group of 50 product tracing stakeholders, as a follow‐on to a successful event the month prior. Representatives conducting pilots or implementation studies in produce, seafood, dairy, and other industries discussed the objectives, challenges and learnings. Some of the learnings from on‐going initiatives included the sense that better information management provides a return of investment; data often exist but may not necessarily be appropriately linked through the supply chain; and enhanced product tracing enables better accountability and quality control. Challenges identified in enabling traceability throughout the supply chain were the distribution complexity; the need for training, communication, and collaboration; improving the reliability, quality and security of data captured, stored and shared as well as the importance of standards in data and interoperability of technology. Several approaches to overcoming these challenges were discussed. The first approach incrementally improves upon the current “one up/one down” system by requiring electronic records and tracking internal as well as external critical tracking events. The benefits of this approach are its similarity to existing regulatory requirements and low cost of implementation; resulting in a higher probability of adoption. The major disadvantage to this process is the longer response time required during a trace (back or forward). The second approach is similar to a “pedigree” approach where historical information about the food travels with it through the value chain. A major advantage of this approach is the quickest response time during a trace. Some of the disadvantages of this approach are potential for misuse of data, the volume of data required to be maintained at value chain end points, and data privacy concerns. The third approach requires individual nodes within the value chain to maintain electronic records for its own data and make them available for querying during a traceback for outbreak investigation. The major advantage of this approach is the protection of confidential information and the potential for quicker access during a trace. However, the primary disadvantage of this approach is the need for greater computational power and a more complex mechanism to linking the value chain through the data. As next steps, a subgroup will work on clarifying the approach to meeting the goals of traceability, better defining critical tracking events, and articulating the strategy and return on investment from a regulatory and industry perspective. This will result in improved alignment of on‐going traceability pilots and initiatives as well as a more actionable guidance document for public review.
Phylogenetic position of Oryzolejeunea (Lejeuneaceae, Marchantiophyta): Evidence from molecular markers and morphology
Authors: YE Wen , WEI Yu‐Mei , SCHÄFER‐VERWIMP Alfons , ZHU Rui‐Liang 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe systematic position of the small neotropical genus Oryzolejeunea (three spp.) has long been controversial. Phylogenetic analyses of molecular data for the present study using DNA markers (trnL, psbA, and a nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer [nrITS] region) shows that the genus is nested in Lejeunea. The results not only reveal the phylogenetic position of Oryzolejeunea for the first time, but also challenge the taxonomic value of the proximal hyaline papilla as a key feature in Lejeunea. The present study shows the urgent need for a reassessment of the perimeters of the genus Lejeunea and its infrageneric classification. Three new combinations, namely Lejeunea saccatiloba, Lejeunea grolleana, and Lejeunea venezuelana, are proposed.
Geographical diversification of growth–defense strategies in an invasive plant
Authors: PAN Xiao‐Yun , JIA Xin , FU Dong‐Jing , LI Bo 
Published: December 2012

AbstractInteractions between herbivore pressure and resource availability may result in growth–defense trade‐offs in plants (resource availability hypothesis), which promote the potential for ecological diversification and have recently been proposed as a new mechanism of plant invasion (resource–enemy release hypothesis). In the present study, we tested this idea by comparing patterns of maximum growth rate and antiherbivore defense capacity against Agasicles hygrophila (a specialist phytophagous insect on Alternanthera philoxeroides) among six morphs of A. philoxeroides from both native (Argentina) and introduced (US and China) ranges. The results revealed that herbivore resistance consistently exhibited a significant trade‐off against the growth rate of A. philoxeroides. Compared with native morphs in Argentina, introduced morphs generally exhibited a higher growth rate and lower defense. The results demonstrate that the combination of flea beetle pressure and resource availability facilitates geographical divergence of A. philoxeroides, and that release from natural specialists and increased resource availability may interact to contribute to its successful invasion.
Intestinal absorption and bioavailability of traditional Chinese medicines: a review of recent experimental progress and implication for quality control
Authors: Liu Jing-Yi , Lee Kai-Fai , Sze Cho-Wing , Tong Yao , Tang Sydney Chi-Wai , Ng Tzi-Bun , Zhang Yan-Bo 
Published: December 2012

Abstract

Objectives
Experimental studies on the pharmacokinetics of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) have achieved great progress in recent years. This review aims to summarize the progress made on intestinal absorption and bioavailability of TCMs, and proposes the application of intestinal absorption assays as new tools for the quality and safety control of these medicines.

Key findings
Since only the absorbed constituents may produce possible therapeutic effect (except those that directly target the digestive tract), intestinal absorption is of utmost importance for the drug action of TCMs, which are usually taken orally. Meanwhile, complicated drug interactions may occur among the multiple ingredients in a herbal mixture. In this regard, the intestinal permeability assays not only provide useful pharmacokinetic data of TCMs, but have potential applications for quality and safety control. Moreover, knockout animals, 2/4/A1 in-vitro cell model and physiologically-based in-silico models based on the online TCM database can be quite useful for the prediction of absorption and bioavailability of TCMs.

Summary
A variety of in-vivo, in-vitro, in-situ and in-silico models for predicting the intestinal absorption and bioavailability can be applied to study the herbal interactions and screen appropriate biomarkers for the quality and safety control of TCMs.
Characterization and Genetic Analysis of a Novel Rice Spotted‐leaf Mutant HM47 with Broad‐spectrum Resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae
Authors: Feng Bao‐Hua , Yang Yang , Shi Yong‐Feng , Shen Hai‐Chao , Wang Hui‐Mei , Huang Qi‐Na , Xu Xia , Lü Xiang‐Guang , Wu Jian‐Li 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA stable inherited rice spotted‐leaf mutant HM47 derived from an EMS‐induced IR64 mutant bank was identified. The mutant expressed hypersensitive response (HR)‐like symptoms throughout its whole life from the first leaf to the flag leaf, without pathogen invasion. Initiation of the lesions was induced by light under natural summer field conditions. Expression of pathogenesis‐related genes including PAL, PO‐C1, POX22.3 and PBZ1 was enhanced significantly in association with cell death and accumulation of H2O2 at and around the site of lesions in the mutant in contrast to that in the wild‐type (WT). Disease reaction to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae from the Philippines and China showed that HM47 is a broad‐spectrum disease‐resistant mutant with enhanced resistance to multiple races of bacterial blight pathogens tested. An F2 progeny test showed that bacterial blight resistance to race HB‐17 was co‐segregated with the expression of lesions. Genetic analysis indicated that the spotted‐leaf trait was controlled by a single recessive gene, tentatively named splHM47, flanked by two insertion/deletion markers in a region of approximately 74 kb on the long arm of chromosome 4. Ten open reading frames are predicted, and all of them are expressed proteins. Isolation and validation of the putative genes are currently underway.
Fast Construction of Global Pyramids for Very Large Satellite Images
Authors: Xiang Longgang , Chen Jing , Gong Jianya , Zeng Zhen 
Published: December 2012

AbstractSatellite imagery plays a critical role in recent popular Virtual Globe systems since it delivers spatially‐related information in a direct and intuitive way. A satellite image may be very large in size due to large coverage, high resolution, or both, and therefore the construction of global pyramids, a core data structure of Virtual Globe, will be time‐consuming if designed improperly. This article, based on the idea of divide‐and‐conquer, proposes an efficient algorithm, termed CGP, for the Construction of Global Pyramids, which builds global pyramids with only a single sequential scan of input imagery. By analyzing the space complexity of CGP, the memory‐minimum pyramid level is derived, at which the memory requirement of CGP is minimized to a practical level, even for very large satellite images. This article also discusses a parallel implementation of CGP, which parallelizes the two main actions in CGP, thus further improving the pyramid construction performance. Both theoretical analysis and experimental results show that our approach outperforms other methods and, more importantly, this advantage increases considerably as the size of input imagery increases.
Graph-Based Software Design for Managing Complexity and Enabling Concurrency in Multiphysics PDE Software
Authors: Notz Patrick K. , Pawlowski Roger P. , Sutherland James C. 
Published: December 2012

Multiphysics simulation software is plagued by complexity stemming from nonlinearly coupled systems of Partial Differential Equations (PDEs). Such software typically supports many models, which may require different transport equations, constitutive laws, and equations of state. Strong coupling and a multiplicity of models leads to complex algorithms (i.e., the properly ordered sequence of steps to assemble a discretized set of coupled PDEs) and rigid software.
This work presents a design strategy that shifts focus away from high-level algorithmic concerns to low-level data dependencies. Mathematical expressions are represented as software objects that directly expose data dependencies. The entire system of expressions forms a directed acyclic graph and the high-level assembly algorithm is generated automatically through standard graph algorithms. This approach makes problems with complex dependencies entirely tractable, and removes virtually all logic from the algorithm itself. Changes are highly localized, allowing developers to implement models without detailed understanding of any algorithms (i.e., the overall assembly process). Furthermore, this approach complements existing MPI-based frameworks and can be implemented within them easily.
Finally, this approach enables algorithmic parallelization via threads. By exposing dependencies in the algorithm explicitly, thread-based parallelism is implemented through algorithm decomposition, providing a basis for exploiting parallelism independent from domain decomposition approaches.
Impact of Cardiac Devices on the Quality of Life in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Czosek Richard J. , Bonney William J. , Cassedy Amy , Mah Douglas Y. , Tanel Ronn E. , Imundo Jason R. , Singh Anoop K. , Cohen Mitchell I. , Miyake Christina Y. , Fawley Kara , Marino Bradley S. 
Published: December 2012

Background—
Cardiac rhythm devices are increasingly used in the pediatric population, although their impact on quality of life (QOL) is poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to compare (QOL) scores among pediatric device patients, healthy controls, and congenital heart disease (CHD) patients and determine the key drivers of QOL in pediatric device patients.

Methods and Results—
Multicenter, cross-sectional study at 8 pediatric centers of subjects aged 8 to 18 years with either a pacemaker or defibrillator was carried out. Patient–parent pairs completed the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory and Pediatric Cardiac Quality of Life Inventory. QOL outcomes in device patients were compared with healthy controls and patients with various forms of CHD. Structural equation modeling was used to test for differences in Pediatric Cardiac Quality of Life Inventory scores among (1) device type, (2) presence of CHD, and (3) hypothesized key drivers of QOL. One hundred seventy-three patient–parent pairs (40 defibrillators/133 pacemakers) were included. Compared with healthy controls, patients with devices and their parents reported significantly lower Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory scoring. Similarly, compared with patients with mild forms of CHD, parents and patients with devices reported significantly lower Pediatric Cardiac Quality of Life Inventory scores and were similar to patients with more severe CHD. Key drivers of patient QOL were presence of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator and CHD. For patients, self-perception was a key driver of lower QOL, whereas for parents behavioral issues were associated with lower QOL.

Conclusions—
Patient QOL is significantly affected by the presence of cardiac rhythm devices. Whether these effects can be mitigated through the use of psychotherapy needs to be assessed.
The Effect of Excess Weight Gain With Intensive Diabetes Mellitus Treatment on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors and Atherosclerosis in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Purnell Jonathan Q. , Zinman Bernard , Brunzell John D. 
Published: December 2012

Background—
Intensive diabetes mellitus therapy of type 1 diabetes mellitus reduces diabetes mellitus complications but can be associated with excess weight gain, central obesity, and dyslipidemia. The purpose of this study was to determine whether excessive weight gain with diabetes mellitus therapy of type 1 diabetes mellitus is prospectively associated with atherosclerotic disease.

Methods and Results—

Subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus (97% white, 45% female, mean age 35 years) randomly assigned to intensive or conventional diabetes mellitus treatment during the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) underwent intima-media thickness (n = 1015) and coronary artery calcium score (n = 925) measurements during follow-up in the Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) Study. Intensive treatment subjects were classified by quartile of body mass index change during the DCCT. Excess gainers (4th quartile, including conventional treatment subjects meeting this threshold) maintained greater body mass index and waist circumference, needed more insulin, had greater intima-media thickness (+5%,
P
< 0.001 EDIC year 1,
P
= 0.003 EDIC year 6), and trended toward greater coronary artery calcium scores (odds ratio, 1.55; confidence interval, 0.97 to 2.49;
P
= 0.07) than minimal gainers. DCCT subjects meeting metabolic syndrome criteria for waist circumference and blood pressure had greater intima-media thickness in both EDIC years (
P
= 0.02 to < 0.001); those meeting high-density lipoprotein criteria had greater coronary artery calcium scores (odds ratio, 1.6; confidence interval, 1.1 to 2.4;
P
= 0.01) during follow-up. Increasing frequency of a family history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia was associated with greater intima-media thickness with intensive but not conventional treatment.

Conclusions—
Excess weight gain in DCCT is associated with sustained increases in central obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and blood pressure, as well as more extensive atherosclerosis during EDIC.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL for DCCT:
http://clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT00360815. URL for EDIC:
http://clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT00360893.
Convergence of iterative sequences for fixed points of an infinite family of nonexpansive mappings based on a hybrid steepest descent methods
Authors: Onjai-uea Nawitcha , Jaiboon Chaichana , Kumam Poom , Humphries Usa Wannasingha 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
The propose of this article is to consider the strong convergence of an iterative sequences for finding a common element of the set of fixed points of an infinite family of nonexpansive mappings, the set of solutions of the variational inequalities for inverse strongly monotone mappings, and the set of solutions of system of equilibrium problems in Hilbert spaces by using a hybrid steepest descent methods. Our results improve and generalize many known corresponding results.

AMS (2000) Subject Classification: 46C05; 47H09; 47H10.
Genome plasticity and systems evolution in Streptomyces
Authors: Zhou Zhan , Gu Jianying , Li Yong-Quan , Wang Yufeng 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBackgroundStreptomycetes are filamentous soil-dwelling bacteria. They are best known as the producers of a great variety of natural products such as antibiotics, antifungals, antiparasitics, and anticancer agents and the decomposers of organic substances for carbon recycling. They are also model organisms for the studies of gene regulatory networks, morphological differentiation, and stress response. The availability of sets of genomes from closely relatedStreptomycesstrains makes it possible to assess the mechanisms underlying genome plasticity and systems adaptation.ResultsWe present the results of a comprehensive analysis of the genomes of fiveStreptomycesspecies with distinct phenotypes. These streptomycetes have a pan-genome comprised of 17,362 orthologous families which includes 3,096 components in the core genome, 5,066 components in the dispensable genome, and 9,200 components that are uniquely present in only one species. The core genome makes up about 33%-45% of each genome repertoire. It contains important genes forStreptomycesbiology including those involved in gene regulation, secretion, secondary metabolism and morphological differentiation. Abundant duplicate genes have been identified, with 4%-11% of the whole genomes composed of lineage-specific expansions (LSEs), suggesting that frequent gene duplication or lateral gene transfer events play a role in shaping the genome diversification within this genus. Two patterns of expansion, single gene expansion and chromosome block expansion are observed, representing different scales of duplication.ConclusionsOur results provide a catalog of genome components and their potential functional roles in gene regulatory networks and metabolic networks. The core genome components reveal the minimum requirement for streptomycetes to sustain a successful lifecycle in the soil environment, reflecting the effects of both genome evolution and environmental stress acting upon the expressed phenotypes. A better understanding of the LSE gene families will, on the other hand, bring a wealth of new insights into the mechanisms underlying strain-specific phenotypes, such as the production of novel antibiotics, pathogenesis, and adaptive response to environmental challenges.