bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FoxO6 and PGC-1α form a regulatory loop in myogenic cells
Authors: Chung Shih Ying , Huang Wei Chieh , Su Ching Wen , Lee Kuan Wei , Chi Hsiang Cheng , Lin Cheng Tao , Chen Szu-Tah , Huang Kai Min , Tsai Mu Shiun , Yu Hui Peng , Chen Shen Liang 
Published: May 2013

Transcription factors of the FoxO (forkhead box O) family regulate a wide range of cellular physiological processes, including metabolic adaptation and myogenic differentiation. The transcriptional activity of most FoxO members is inhibitory to myogenic differentiation and overexpression of FoxO1 inhibits the development of oxidative type I fibres in vivo. In this study, we found that FoxO6, the last discovered FoxO family member, is expressed ubiquitously in various tissues but with higher expression levels in oxidative tissues, such as brain and oxidative muscles. Both the expression level and promoter activity of FoxO6 were found to be enhanced by PGC-1α (peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor γ co-activator 1α), thus explained its enriched expression in oxidative tissues. We further demonstrated that FoxO6 represses the expression of PGC-1α via direct binding to an upstream A/T-rich element (AAGATATCAAAACA,−2228–2215) in the PGC-1α promoter. Oxidative low-intensity exercise induced PGC-1α but reduced FoxO6 expression levels in hind leg muscles, and the binding of FoxO6 to PGC-1α promoter was also prevented by exercise. As FoxO6 promoter can be co-activated by PGC-1α and its promoter in turn can be repressed by FoxO6, it suggests that FoxO6 and PGC-1α form a regulatory loop for setting oxidative metabolism level in the skeletal muscle, which can be entrained by exercise.
Structural and Dialectal Characteristics of the Fictional and Personal Narratives of School-Age African American Children
Authors: Mills Monique T. , Watkins Ruth V. , Washington Julie A. 
Published: May 2013

Purpose
To report preliminary comparisons of developing structural and dialectal characteristics associated with fictional and personal narratives in school-age African American children.

Method
Forty-three children, Grades 2–5, generated a fictional narrative and a personal narrative in response to a wordless-book elicitation task and a story-prompt task, respectively. Narratives produced in these 2 contexts were characterized for macrostructure, microstructure, and dialect density. Differences across narrative type and grade level were examined.

Results
Statistically significant differences between the 2 types of narratives were found for both macrostructure and microstructure but not for dialect density. There were no grade-related differences in macrostructure, microstructure, or dialect density.

Conclusion
The results demonstrate the complementary role of fictional and personal narratives for describing young children's narrative skills. Use of both types of narrative tasks and descriptions of both macrostructure and microstructure may be particularly useful for characterizing the narrative abilities of young school-age African American children, for whom culture-fair methods are scarce. Further study of additional dialect groups is warranted.
Measuring tuberculosis immune responses in the lung - the correct target?
Authors: Breen R. , Lipman M. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

This chapter discusses how the immune response in tuberculosis has been studied in the lungs. It focuses on tuberculosis pathogenesis as well as diagnosis, and evaluates the status of current research. Finally, it reflects on the value gained from lung-based work and reviews future directions in tuberculosis lung immunology programmes.
Molecular tools for fast identification of resistance and characterization of MDR/XDR-TB.
Authors: Cadmus S. , Soolingen D. van 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

This chapter discusses the principles of drug resistance and the advantages and limitations of novel methods for rapid molecular detection of multiple/extensive drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (e.g., line probe assays and semi-automated real-time polymerase chain reaction).
Transcriptomic approaches to mapping responses to drug therapy for tuberculosis.
Authors: Waddell S. J. , Butcher P. D. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

This chapter focuses on the applications of gene expression profiling, derived predominantly from microarray analyses, towards the development of novel compounds and a greater understanding of drug action in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, as well as characterizing the molecular mechanisms of drug resistance and tolerance.
Therapy of the XDR-TB patient with thioridazine - an old drug with new applications.
Authors: Amaral L. , Martins M. , Couto I. , Viveiros M. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

This chapter provides the rationale and experimental basis for considering thioridazine (an inexpensive neuroleptic drug used for over 40 years) as a new effective drug for treatment of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB). The development of antibiotic resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the criteria for an effective anti-MDR/XDR-TB, anti-latent M. tuberculosis agent, and the antituberculosis activity of phenothiazines are described.
Responses to Light Intensity in a Genome-Scale Model of Rice Metabolism
Authors: Poolman Mark G. , Kundu Sudip , Shaw Rahul , Fell David A. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
We describe the construction and analysis of a genome-scale metabolic model representing a developing leaf cell of rice (Oryza sativa) primarily derived from the annotations in the RiceCyc database. We used flux balance analysis to determine that the model represents a network capable of producing biomass precursors (amino acids, nucleotides, lipid, starch, cellulose, and lignin) in experimentally reported proportions, using carbon dioxide as the sole carbon source. We then repeated the analysis over a range of photon flux values to examine responses in the solutions. The resulting flux distributions show that (1) redox shuttles between the chloroplast, cytosol, and mitochondrion may play a significant role at low light levels, (2) photorespiration can act to dissipate excess energy at high light levels, and (3) the role of mitochondrial metabolism is likely to vary considerably according to the balance between energy demand and availability. It is notable that these organelle interactions, consistent with many experimental observations, arise solely as a result of the need for mass and energy balancing without any explicit assumptions concerning kinetic or other regulatory mechanisms.
A Change inSHATTERPROOFProtein Lies at the Origin of a Fruit Morphological Novelty and a New Strategy for Seed Dispersal inMedicagoGenus
Authors: Fourquin Chloé , del Cerro Carolina , Victoria Filipe C. , Vialette-Guiraud Aurélie , de Oliveira Antonio C. , Ferrándiz Cristina 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAngiosperms are the most diverse and numerous group of plants, and it is generally accepted that this evolutionary success owes in part to the diversity found in fruits, key for protecting the developing seeds and ensuring seed dispersal. Although studies on the molecular basis of morphological innovations are few, they all illustrate the central role played by transcription factors acting as developmental regulators. Here, we show that a small change in the protein sequence of a MADS-box transcription factor correlates with the origin of a highly modified fruit morphology and the change in seed dispersal strategies that occurred in Medicago, a genus belonging to the large legume family. This protein sequence modification alters the functional properties of the protein, affecting the affinities for other protein partners involved in high-order complexes. Our work illustrates that variation in coding regions can generate evolutionary novelties not based on gene duplication/subfunctionalization but by interactions in complex networks, contributing also to the current debate on the relative importance of changes in regulatory or coding regions of master regulators in generating morphological novelties.
The Pseudomonas syringae Type III Effector AvrRpt2 Promotes Pathogen Virulence via Stimulating Arabidopsis Auxin/Indole Acetic Acid Protein Turnover
Authors: Cui Fuhao , Wu Shujing , Sun Wenxian , Coaker Gitta , Kunkel Barbara , He Ping , Shan Libo 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
To accomplish successful infection, pathogens deploy complex strategies to interfere with host defense systems and subvert host physiology to favor pathogen survival and multiplication. Modulation of plant auxin physiology and signaling is emerging as a common virulence strategy for phytobacteria to cause diseases. However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely elusive. We have previously shown that the Pseudomonas syringae type III effector AvrRpt2 alters Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) auxin physiology. Here, we report that AvrRpt2 promotes auxin response by stimulating the turnover of auxin/indole acetic acid (Aux/IAA) proteins, the key negative regulators in auxin signaling. AvrRpt2 acts additively with auxin to stimulate Aux/IAA turnover, suggesting distinct, yet proteasome-dependent, mechanisms operated by AvrRpt2 and auxin to control Aux/IAA stability. Cysteine protease activity is required for AvrRpt2-stimulated auxin signaling and Aux/IAA degradation. Importantly, transgenic plants expressing the dominant axr2-1 mutation recalcitrant to AvrRpt2-mediated degradation ameliorated the virulence functions of AvrRpt2 but did not alter the avirulent function mediated by the corresponding RPS2 resistance protein. Thus, promoting auxin response via modulating the stability of the key transcription repressors Aux/IAA is a mechanism used by the bacterial type III effector AvrRpt2 to promote pathogenicity.
Cecropia peltataAccumulates Starch or Soluble Glycogen by Differentially Regulating Starch Biosynthetic Genes
Authors: Bischof Sylvain , Umhang Martin , Eicke Simona , Streb Sebastian , Qi Weihong , Zeeman Samuel C. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe branched glucans glycogen and starch are the most widespread storage carbohydrates in living organisms. The production of semicrystalline starch granules in plants is more complex than that of small, soluble glycogen particles in microbes and animals. However, the factors determining whether glycogen or starch is formed are not fully understood. The tropical tree Cecropia peltata is a rare example of an organism able to make either polymer type. Electron micrographs and quantitative measurements show that glycogen accumulates to very high levels in specialized myrmecophytic structures (Müllerian bodies), whereas starch accumulates in leaves. Compared with polymers comprising leaf starch, glycogen is more highly branched and has shorter branches—factors that prevent crystallization and explain its solubility. RNA sequencing and quantitative shotgun proteomics reveal that isoforms of all three classes of glucan biosynthetic enzyme (starch/glycogen synthases, branching enzymes, and debranching enzymes) are differentially expressed in Müllerian bodies and leaves, providing a system-wide view of the quantitative programming of storage carbohydrate metabolism. This work will prompt targeted analysis in model organisms and cross-species comparisons. Finally, as starch is the major carbohydrate used for food and industrial applications worldwide, these data provide a basis for manipulating starch biosynthesis in crops to synthesize tailor-made polyglucans.
The limitations of dispositional resistance in relation to organizational change
Authors: Michel Alexandra , Todnem By Rune , Burnes Bernard 
Published: May 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to test the moderating role of dispositional resistance in achieving sustainable organisational change.Design/methodology/approachFour studies were conducted in the period 2005‐2007. Each study included the participation of individuals experiencing ongoing organisational changes at the time, and was repeated with an independent sample in order to strengthen the meaning of the findings.FindingsThe studies confirmed the assumed positive relationship between benefit of change and commitment to change. Furthermore, two studies confirmed the assumed negative relationship between extent of change and commitment to change, while the other two studies, in contrast to the hypothesis presented, found a positive relationship. Despite the assumptions, with the exception of one study it was not possible to show moderating effects of resistance to change.Research limitations/implicationsThe study casts doubt about resistance to change defined as a disposition and its stability across different contexts. In explaining these results, the authors draw on Lewin's work on resistance to change.Originality/valueThe paper argues that the importance of dispositional resistance is that it predisposes individuals to view change in a particular way, either negatively or positively. However, the level of resistance towards a specific change event will be influenced by other factors, noticeably the organizational context and the way the change is managed. Consequently, the importance of dispositional resistance lies in its ability to influence an organization's readiness for change and to identify the level of resistance it might expect to meet, and thus the approach to change it needs to adopt.
Websites and revisiting behaviour: an investigation of the relative role of predictors
Authors: Anne Craig‐Lees Margaret , Harris Jennifer , Maulana Amalia E. 
Published: May 2013

PurposeThis paper aims to examine factors that influence repeat visits to non‐transactional web sites. Drawing on repurchase and continuance research, this study identifies four focal constructs: site commitment, satisfaction, social influences, and medium involvement, and clarifies the mediator versus moderator role of site commitment.Design/methodology/approachActual visitors to five B2B and B2C non‐transactional web sites provide data participated in an online survey. The tests use the combined sample and then verify results for the individual sites. The test for mediation relies on structural path analysis; the test for moderation uses moderated regression analysis.FindingsThe four focal constructs influence web site revisitation, though in most settings, only site commitment has a direct effect. Findings support the mediator role of site commitment, though some sites exhibit only partial mediation. Results are consistent across B2C and B2B contexts. The relative impact of social influences and medium involvement is less certain, and their impact varies across individual sites.Research limitations/implicationsBecause this study uses non‐probability sampling to gather respondents, they may not represent all types of visitors to the sites. The non‐transactional sites are primarily information sites, which restricts the findings. Research that considers other types of non‐transactional sites, such as entertainment or global sites, could offer further insights, especially with regard to the impact of cultural differences.Originality/valueThis research clarifies the role of site commitment by testing for mediation and moderation within the one study.
The KCRM knowledge audit: model and case illustration
Authors: Daghfous Abdelkader , Ahmad Norita , Angell Linda C. 
Published: May 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to propose a methodology for conducting a knowledge‐enabled customer relationship management (KCRM) knowledge audit, which involves applying knowledge auditing principles to assess the existence and implementation level of KCRM processes within an organization. This type of audit enables an organization to thoroughly review the extent to which knowledge is generated, codified, distributed and utilized while the firm is identifying, differentiating between, interacting with, and customizing products and services for its customers.Design/methodology/approachThis paper draws upon the KM, CRM, and auditing literatures to develop a KCRM knowledge audit methodology. As an illustration, the proposed methodology for KCRM knowledge auditing was applied within the service arm of a paint manufacturing firm in the United Arab Emirates (UAE).FindingsThe proposed methodology allows supplier organizations to systematically evaluate the extent to which their CRM approaches are knowledge‐enabled; and to identify competitive strengths and opportunities in the areas such as cost, product and service quality, as well as flexibility to meet the changing requirements of their business customers.Research limitations/implicationsThe study focused on a practical point of view and, therefore, there are no testable propositions derived. In addition, the study focuses on an explicit KM model, which has limitations in tacit KM such as social networks and detail guidelines of KM outcomes.Originality/valueThis paper draws upon the KM, CRM, and auditing fields to develop a KCRM knowledge audit methodology. It contributes to the KM, CRM, and auditing literatures by developing and demonstrating how these literatures intersect via the concept and methodology of a KCRM knowledge audit.
Accounting in a developing transitional economy: the case of Vietnam
Authors: Ngoc Phi Anh Doan , Nguyen Duc‐Tho 
Published: May 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive yet concise review of changes which have occurred in Vietnamese accounting regulations and practices since the mid‐1980s, and an analysis of prospective developments.Design/methodology/approachA combination of analytical review and synthesis of information available from diverse sources, and analysis of information obtained from interviews with 20 middle‐to‐senior practicing accountants.FindingsOver the past two decades, as Vietnam implemented economic liberalization and developed closer links with Western economies, its accounting system has changed accordingly. The current system is a mixture of conceptual and formal elements taken from Western accounting and some basic features and practices retained from the old (Soviet‐style and French‐influenced) system. Further convergence toward international practices is likely to be slow, especially in the SME sector and in large enterprises that do not attract capital from foreign sources. Developments in management accounting and the accounting profession are also reviewed.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to the literature by providing structured and consistent information about a country which is reported only infrequently in the international literature, and considering both the pros and cons of harmonizing with IAS/IFRS in a developing‐country context.
Reflecting on competences to increase role clarity during service delivery in a Third World setting
Authors: Nansubuga Florence , Munene John C. 
Published: May 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this study is essentially to examine the contribution of reflection in providing a stronger association between explicit competences and role clarity when reflection is used as a means of articulating competences (knowledge, skills and attitudes).Design/methodology/approachThe study employed a correlational survey design and targeted 223 employees in managerial positions of nine districts' local governments in Uganda and primarily used a structured questionnaire.FindingsThe research confirmed a significant positive relationship between reflection and explicit competences, showing the importance of articulating tacit knowledge to develop explicit competences that would increase role clarity.Research limitations/implicationsThere are seemingly other confounding factors that may enhance reflection and explicit competences such as community participation in goal setting which need to be considered in future studies.Practical implicationsThis paper adds to the understanding of the consequences of routinely utilizing competences without concern on whether they will leads to the desired results. It introduces the concept of reflection; an approach for articulating competences explicitly to increase role clarity.Originality/valueThe study recommends district managers to formally engage in continuous reflection on tacit competences in order to minimise errors and increase role clarity during service delivery.
One goal, different strategies: an analysis of national broadband plans in Latin America
Authors: Galperin Hernan , Mariscal Judith , Fernanda Viecens María 
Published: May 2013

PurposeThe ambitious government initiatives currently underway to accelerate broadband development indicate a major shift from the consensus that prevailed during the 1990 s in the telecommunications sector. To what extent does this change represent a return to the period before market liberalization and the privatization of government‐run telecom services? What are the main objectives of national broadband plans and which policy tools are best suited to achieve them? This paper aims to analyze these questions through a comparative analysis of the goals, policy instruments and network‐deployment models of the most relevant national broadband plans adopted in Latin America.Design/methodology/approachThe paper takes the form of a comparative analysis of the goals, policy instruments and network‐deployment models of the most relevant national broadband plans adopted in Latin America.FindingsCommon patterns and key differences between the initiatives adopted in five countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia and Mexico) are identified and compared to those deployed in developed countries. Variations in the strategies adopted are linked to national differences in economic endowments and the broader processes of political change in Latin America.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first paper making this comparative analysis.
Recognizing junior doctors' potential contribution to patient safety and health care quality improvement
Authors: Elias Ibrahim Joseph , Jeffcott Shelley , Davis Marie‐Claire , Chadwick Liam 
Published: May 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to re‐frame perceptions surrounding junior doctors' capacity to contribute to patient safety and quality improvement.Design/methodology/approachA targeted literature review was conducted followed by individual telephone interviews and a half‐day forum involving junior doctor representatives and selected leaders in the sector.FindingsJunior doctors' entry into health care is an ideal time to cultivate practitioners' interest and expertise in improving the health system for better patient care. Junior doctors are more likely to bring or embrace new ideas, and recognize the importance of transparency and integration of technology into healthcare systems. Engaging with junior doctors in collaborative processes, rather than focusing on their more senior colleagues, may create a more effective culture.Originality/valueThe attributes of junior doctors (as they are in the absence of specific quality improvement or leadership training) that are currently underutilized in patient safety and quality improvement are explored, along with the factors limiting and facilitating the utilization of these attributes.