bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digest: Cooperative breeding strategies in birds are shaped by avian predator richness
Authors: Mutchler Marquette 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Despite their prevalence, family-living and cooperative breeding in birds have received little examination as to how and why they vary across species. Investigating the evolution of these social systems, Bliard et al. (2024) found that the presence of avian predators is associated with birds’ social systems, with increases in predator presence corresponding to multiple shifts from non-family-living to cooperative breeding. Phylogenetic comparative analyses indicate that factors outside the breeding season can be selected for family-living and cooperative breeding.
Managing harvesting residues: a systematic review of management treatments around the world
Authors: Udali Alberto , Chung Woodam , Talbot Bruce , Grigolato Stefano 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Dead woody materials are naturally part of the forest ecosystem introduced through the process of tree mortality or intentionally through stand management practices which result in harvesting residues. The management of harvesting residues includes a range of solutions that vary from site to site, from context to context. The purpose of this review is to determine the current state-of-the-art of harvesting residue management treatments at a global scale. Our review indicates that there are few studies that compare residue management and treatment options, considering the variety of impacts and effects that can be generated. This is surprising as residue management affects residue quantity and distribution and is relevant for numerous ecological processes. The retention of fine and coarse residues can generate positive effects and impacts on various aspects of forest ecosystems including (i) biodiversity, by promoting stand regeneration and providing habitats for fauna at different levels; (ii) soil properties, by decreasing the risk of erosion and soil compaction while retaining moisture at ground level; and (iii) soil nutrients, by replenishing C, N, and micronutrient stocks. On the contrary, harvesting residues can provide material for bioenergy production and potentially other fiber industries. The removal of residues can also reduce wildfire risks and dampen insect outbreak dynamics. In this work, we provide a general outline of the role of residues as well as a summary of current management options adopted around the world. The intention of the work is to provide an information base for stakeholders including forest managers and policymakers in identifying and assessing potential alternatives for their current local practices.
Novel sialidase inhibitors suppress mumps virus replication and infection
Authors: Takahashi Tadanobu , Kurebayashi Yuuki , Otsubo Tadamune , Ikeda Kiyoshi , Konagaya Kobun , Suzuki Shunsuke , Yamazaki Mika , Suzuki Kenya , Narimichi Yutaka , Minami Akira , Takeuchi Hideyuki 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The prevalent human pathogen, mumps virus (MuV; orthorubulavirus parotitidis) causes various complications and serious sequelae, such as meningitis, encephalitis, deafness, and impaired fertility. Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) targeting MuV which can prevent mumps and mumps-associated complications and sequelae are yet to be developed. Paramyxoviridae family members, such as MuV, possess viral surface hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein with sialidase activity which facilitates efficient viral replication. Therefore, to develop DAAs targeting MuV we synthesized MuV sialidase inhibitors. It is proposed that the viral HN has a single functional site for N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) binding and sialidase activity. Further, the known MuV sialidase inhibitor is an analog of Neu5Ac—2,3-didehydro-2-deoxy-N-acetylneuraminic acid (DANA)—which lacks potency. DANA derivatives with higher MuV sialidase inhibitory potency are lacking. The MuV-HN–Neu5Ac binding site has a hydrophobic cavity adjacent to the C4 position of Neu5Ac. Exploiting this, here, we synthesized DANA derivatives with increasing hydrophobicity at its C4 position and created 3 novel sialidase inhibitors (Compounds 1, 2, and 3) with higher specificity for MuV-HN than DANA; they inhibited MuV replication step to greater extent than DANA. Furthermore, they also inhibited hemagglutination and the MuV infection step. The insight—that these 3 novel DANA derivatives possess linear hydrocarbon groups at the C4-hydroxyl group of DANA—could help develop highly potent sialidase inhibitors with high specificity for MuV sialidase, which may function as direct-acting MuV-specific antivirals.
Legal issues in the implementation of Maternal Death Surveillance and Response: a scoping review
Authors: Kidanemariam Mulu Beyene , Miljeteig Ingrid , Moland Karen Marie , Melberg Andrea 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The Maternal Death Surveillance and Response (MDSR) system is designed to continuously identify and review all maternal deaths. It aims to help countries understand the scale and distribution of maternal deaths, identify their causes, and inform corrective measures to address the challenge. Despite the growing adoption of the MDSR by numerous low- or middle-income countries, its implementation faces various challenges, including legal ones. This scoping review was conducted to map legal issues and challenges that arise during the implementation of the MDSR. It adapted the Bain and Kongnyuy framework, categorizing legal issues into data, people, use of findings, and legal regulation. Literature was retrieved from seven databases, complemented by additional online searches. We included studies published in English between 2010 and November 2022 that report on legal issues arising during the implementation of MDSR. Out of 1174 studies screened, 31 were selected for review. The review highlighted the limited attention given to the legal dimension of the MDSR by the research community. It also documented the lack of adequate legal framework essential for the system’s effective implementation. Inadequate safeguards for informational privacy and the lack of confidentiality reinforce a prevalent sense of being blamed, mainly among health workers. Consequently, widespread under-reporting and intentional misattribution of causes of maternal death, defensive referrals, and disengagement from the MDSR process were reported. We recommend that implementing countries regulate the gathering and use of MDSR data through appropriate laws and legally ensure that the MDSR data are only used for the intended purpose. Appropriate complaint-handling mechanisms are needed in health systems to prevent the misuse of the MDSR. Future studies on MDSR implementation would benefit from involving legal experts, considering the multifaceted legal dimensions of the MDSR.
The Utility of Intestinal Ultrasound in a Case of Microscopic Colitis
Authors: Gamboa Haley N , Abellana Heather , Chugh Rishika 
Published: August 2024

Lay Summary
This case demonstrates the utility of intestinal ultrasound in inflammatory bowel diseases outside of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. We describe the utility of intestinal ultrasound in monitoring disease activity and treatment response in a patient with microscopic colitis.
The impact of trade liberalization on firms’ product and labor market power
Authors: Dobbelaere Sabien , Wiersma Quint 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This paper examines the impact of trade liberalization on firms’ product and labor market power. We estimate the prevalence and intensity of price-cost markups and either wage markups or wage markdowns, taking the dependence between these model-consistent measures of product and labor market power into account. Exploiting reductions in tariffs upon China’s World Trade Organization accession, we find that trade liberalization has not switched firms away from exercising product and labor market power. Reducing input tariffs has widened price-cost markups, narrowed wage markdowns, and widened wage markups at the firm level. We reveal heterogeneous trade liberalization effects on the intensity of firms’ product and labor market power.
First look at the distribution of deactivated dFADs used by the French Indian Ocean tropical tuna purse-seine fishery
Authors: Lau-Medrano Wencheng , Gaertner Daniel , Marsac Francis , Guéry Loreleï , Kaplan David M 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The presence of abandoned, lost or otherwise discarded fishing gears, including drifting fish aggregating devices (dFADs), in marine ecosystems poses significant ecological and socioeconomic concerns. The estimation of the number of dFADs in the marine environment is challenging due to the loss of tracking information when dFAD tracking buoys are remotely deactivated. For the first time, a data set of dFADs buoy positions, including those that had previously been remotely deactivated, has been made available for the period July–August 2020. Data from this period provide valuable insights into the life expectancy, spatial distribution, and status of deactivated dFAD buoys, enabling a more accurate assessment of dFAD presence and impacts. Deactivated buoys represented a 17.2% increase in the total number of tracked objects, and we estimate the in-water half-life of deactivated dFAD tracking buoys to be 101 days. Including deactivated buoys increases the number of strandings during the SP by 23.7%. Nevertheless, the representativity of these results is unknown given the limited spatio-temporal and numerical extent of our data, highlighting the importance of availability of comprehensive data on dFADs to effectively estimate their total numbers and mitigate their environmental impacts.
Obesity, Diabetes, Plasmodium Infection, and Severe Malaria in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Lee Hyelan , Choi Yongyeon , Park Sangshin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
This study aimed to investigate existing evidence regarding the associations of obesity and diabetes with Plasmodium infection and severe malaria in adults.

Methods
We comprehensively searched relevant studies using Embase, Medline, Global Health, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature. The primary exposures were obesity and diabetes. The primary outcomes were Plasmodium infection and severe malaria. We performed meta-analyses to pool unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios using a random-effects model.

Results
We found 9 studies that met our inclusion criteria; all of these studies were eligible for the meta-analysis. None of the 9 studies investigated the potential link between obesity and Plasmodium infection. The meta-analysis results showed that there was no statistically significant relationship between obesity and severe malaria (2 studies), diabetes and Plasmodium infection (5 studies), or diabetes and severe malaria (3 studies).

Conclusions
Our study findings showed that obesity was not associated with severe malaria, and diabetes was not associated with either Plasmodium infection or severe malaria. Additional epidemiological studies should be conducted to elucidate the relationships between obesity, diabetes, and Plasmodium infection.
The Co-Ontological Securities of Gated Lifeworlds: Atmospheres and Foamed Immunologies under Late Modernity
Authors: Weinfurter Jaroslav 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This article returns to the existentialist roots of ontological security theory (OST) and proposes a phenomenological re-reading of ontological security through the theoretical language of spherology and immunology in order to bring OST into a more substantive engagement with the spatial and immunological realities and practices of the globalizing world. Departing from the work of Peter Sloterdijk, the article advances three principal claims. Firstly, it shows that under the spatio-immunological dislocations of late modernity, the processes of ontological security are better understood as matters of “co-ontological security,” reflecting the highly relational and co-dependent character by which human lifeworlds are organized and juxtaposed. Secondly, it explores the ways in which technologies and life-support systems of ontological security may have negative ramifications for the ontological integrities of other neighboring lifeworlds. And lastly, the article investigates the autoimmunological processes that are at work in all immunological systems and that are capable of turning the mechanisms of ontological security into the very sources of insecurity. In exploring these themes, the text examines the retirement community known as The Villages to show how protected living in an expanding and gated lifestyle community produces the very conditions of ontological insecurity for the self and for others.
Whole-body distribution of tenofovir, emtricitabine and dolutegravir in non-human primates
Authors: Gelé Thibaut , Gouget Hélène , Dimant Nastasia , Furlan Valérie , Collins Jon , Scholz Erin M B , Parry Chris M , Le Grand Roger , Lambotte Olivier , Desjardins Delphine , Barrail-Tran Aurélie 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
One major barrier to HIV cure is the persistence of virus, possibly linked to an insufficient antiretroviral drug (ARV) distribution into tissues.

Objectives
To draw the whole-body distribution of three antiretroviral drugs—tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, emtricitabine and dolutegravir—in non-human primates (NHPs).

Methods
Eight uninfected NHPs received a single injection of a solution containing the three ARVs. Forty-five different tissues were sampled 24 h after injection.

Results
Median tissue penetration factors (TPFs) were 45.4, 5.8 and 0.5 for tenofovir, emtricitabine and dolutegravir, respectively, and were statistically different between the three ARVs. Tissues were grouped by system, because TPFs were consistent according to these groups, and ranked in order of decreasing TPFs. The digestive system was the system with the highest tissue concentrations. Next came the two main sites of elimination, the liver and the kidney, as well as the tissues of the cardiopulmonary and urinary systems. Then, it was the whole lymphatic system. The next group included the reproductive system, the adipose tissue and the skin. The last two systems were the muscle and the CNS. The intra-tissue variability was rather low with a median coefficient of variation of the concentrations around 15% and no value greater than 80%.

Conclusions
Overall, this study determines the first whole-body distribution in a validated NHP model. These data have important implications for future preclinical and clinical studies for the development of novel HIV therapies towards an HIV cure.
Characterization of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec in Staphylococcus haemolyticus ST3 and ST42 isolates from bovine mastitis milk: identification of novel variant in class C1 mec complex
Authors: Thanasak Jitkamol , Wongsurawat Thidathip , Jenjaroenpun Piroon , Phumthanakorn Nathita 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus haemolyticus (MRSH) is an important pathogenic agent of bovine mastitis. Among the prominent clone lineages in dairy cows are MRSH sequence types ST3 and ST42. Little information is available on the complete characterization of SCCmec elements in MRSH.

Objective
In this study, two clinical isolates of MRSH ST3 and ST42 from bovine mastitis milk were selected, and their nontypable SCCmec structures were compared.

Methods
Two MRSH strains, MRSH-ST3 strain M62.3 and MRSH-ST42 strain M81.1, were identified from bovine mastitis milk in Thailand in 2022. Minimum inhibitory concentration was used to screen for antimicrobial resistance susceptibility. Oxford Nanopore Technologies and Illumina sequencing were performed in combination to complete the genome. Their gene organization and structure of SCCmec types were analysed and compared with the whole sequences of other strains in the same sequence types.

Results
Both MRSH-ST3 strain M62.3 and MRSH-ST42 strain M81.1 possessed the class C1 mec complex but lacked the ccr gene complex. Notably, MRSH-ST42 strain M81.1 contained a novel variant of C1 mec complex, which consisted of IS431-mecA-ISSha1-paaZ-upgQ-IS431, with IS431 organized in the same orientation. Apart from class C1 mec and the heavy metal-resistant cluster, the gene composition and order of the SCCmec element varied. In ST3, variations in the SCCmec type, gene content and organization were observed.

Conclusions
The distinct evolution of the MRSH lineage was indicated by the various SCCmec elements. The insertion of ISSha1 resulted in a unique variant of class C1 mec complex that demonstrated the important role of the insertion sequence in SCCmec diversification.
Designing visual hierarchies for the communication of health data
Authors: Saw Jessica J , Gatzke Lisa P 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Visual hierarchy underlies all visual design decisions related to information presentation. This manuscript describes the experience of a multidisciplinary health data visualization and software design team in using visual hierarchy to redesign a hereditary colorectal cancer lab report.

Materials and Methods
A series of interviews with representative users were conducted to identify target user groups and determine information hierarchy for each user type. Visual elements (eg, size, color, contrast, etc.) were then assigned to mirror the information hierarchy and workflow for each user type.

Results
User research identified 2 distinct user groups as consumers of the redesigned lab report. An interactive design employing a 2-level page hierarchy was developed, which stratified the content to support the needs of each user type.

Conclusions
The challenges related to displaying the complex nature of digital and personal health data can be addressed by applying foundational design methods such as visual hierarchy.

Discussion
Visual hierarchy, a foundational design principle, can be used by visualization teams to clearly and efficiently present complex datasets associated with healthcare.
Effect of standardized EHR-integrated handoff report on intraoperative communication outcomes
Authors: Abraham Joanna , King Christopher R , Pedamallu Lavanya , Light Mallory , Henrichs Bernadette 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objectives
We evaluated the effectiveness and implementability of a standardized EHR-integrated handoff report to support intraoperative handoffs.

Materials and Methods
A pre-post intervention study was used to compare the quality of intraoperative handoffs supported by unstructured notes (pre) to structured, standardized EHR-integrated handoff reports (post). Participants included anesthesia clinicians involved in intraoperative handoffs. A mixed-method approach was followed, supported by general observations, shadowing, surveys, and interviews.

Results
One hundred and fifty-one intraoperative permanent handoffs (78 pre, 73 post) were included. One hundred percent of participants in the post-intervention cohort utilized the report. Compared to unstructured, structured handoffs using the EHR-integrated handoff report led to: (1) significant increase in the transfer of information about airway management (55%-78%, P &lt; .001), intraoperative course (63%-86%, P &lt; .001), and potential concerns (64%-88%, P &lt; .001); (2) significant improvement in clinician satisfaction scores, with regards to information clarity and succinctness (4.5-4.7, P = .002), information transfer (3.8-4.2, P = .011), and opportunities for fewer errors reported by senders (3.3-2.5, P &lt; .001) and receivers (3.2-2.4, P &lt; .001); and (3) significant decrease in handoff duration (326.2-262.3 s, P = .016). Clinicians found the report implementation highly acceptable, appropriate, and feasible but noted a few areas for improvement to enhance its usability and integration within the intraoperative workflow.

Discussion and Conclusion
A standardized EHR-integrated handoff report ensures the effectiveness and efficiency of intraoperative handoffs with its structured, consistent format that—promotes up-to-date and pertinent intraoperative information transfer; reduces opportunities for errors; and streamlines verbal communication. Handoff standardization can promote safe and high-quality intraoperative care.
Effects of perinatal exposure to daily maximum THI and THI fluctuations on serum total proteins and health of preweaned Holstein heifers raised in a dry climate
Authors: Manriquez Diego , Jannat Afrin , Velásquez-Munoz Ana , Pinedo Pablo 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the effects of the exposure to daily maximum and temperature-humidity index (THI) and to daily THI fluctuations (∆THI = maximum THI–minimum THI) at exposure periods comprising 2 d before birth to birth (−2 d), birth date (0 d), birth to 2 d of age (+2 d), and birth to 7 d of age (+7 d) on serum total proteins (STP), transfer of passive immunity (TPI), and the occurrence of scours and respiratory disease. A total of 841 Holstein heifer calves were retrospectively observed from −2 d until 65 d of age. Colostrum quality was assessed using a colostrometer to ensure a minimum globulin concentration of 52 mg/mL in the colostrum fed to the study calves. Two temperature and relative humidity sensors were installed at the calf yard. Maximum, minimum, and ∆THI values were obtained for each exposure period, and thermal exposure categories were defined as heat stress (HS: maximum THI &gt; 70 units; non-HS: THI ≤ 70 units) and ∆THI (low &lt; 20 units, medium ≥ 20 to ≤30 units, high &gt; 30). The TPI was classified as poor (STP &lt; 5.1 g/dL), fair (5.1 and 5.7 g/dL), good (&gt;5.7 and 6.1 g/dL), and excellent (≥6.1 g/dL). Associations between the thermal exposure categories and the study outcomes were examined using ANOVA, logistic regression, and survival analyses. No differences in STP at −2 d were observed between HS and non-HS calves (6.83 ± 0.05 vs. 6.91 ± 0.05 g/dL), whereas HS-exposed calves at 0 d tended to have lower STP compared with non-HS calves (6.82 ± 0.05 vs. 6.92 ± 0.05 g/dL). Calves exposed to small ∆THI at 0 d had greater STP compared with calves exposed to medium ∆THI (7.00 ± 0.06 vs. 6.75 ± 0.05 g/dL). No association was found between HS, and ∆THI categories and the TPI category. The odds of scours were about 2 times greater in HS calves compared with non-HS calves at all exposure periods. In addition, HS calves were affected by scours between 9 and 15 d earlier than non-HS calves. Furthermore, high ∆THI favored the development of respiratory problems compared with medium and low ∆THI. Assessment of extreme THI values and THI fluctuations provides a research opportunity for assessing thermal stress in dairy heifer calves raised in dry climate.