bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
STUDIES OF PHYSIOLOGICAL FACTORS AFFECTING SKIN SUSCEPTIBILITY TO ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT IRRADIATION AND IRRITANTS
Authors: Abe Takashi , Arai Seiichi , Mimura Kunio , Hayakawa Ritsuko 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThe relationships between two skin physiological factors and skin susceptibilities were investigated in 101 healthy Japanese females.Skin color and skin surface lipids chosen as the factors to be considered were measured by spectrophotometric colormeter and gravimetry, respectively. Photosensitivity was evaluated by minimal erythemal dose (MED) measurements. Skin susceptibility to irritants was evaluated by the patch test method using propylene glycol solution.The results were obtained as follows. (1) A significant correlation was found between skin color V values and photosensitivity scores. (2) A significant inverse correlation was found between skin color V values and replacement lipid values. (3) A correlation was observed between skin color V values and skin irritability scores. (4) A correlation was observed between skin irritability and photosensitivity scores.Thus, skin color and skin surface lipids were shown to be important physiological factors in skin susceptibility to UV irradiation and irritants.
REFLECTION ULTRAVIOLET PHOTOGRAPHY AS SURFACE PHOTOGRAPHY OF THE SKIN
Authors: Kikuchi Ichiro , Inoue Shouhei , Idemori Masahiro , Uchimura Hideo 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTBecause of the physical properties of ultraviolet radiation which does not penetrate deep into the dermis, the surface of the skin is visualized better by reflection ultraviolet photography than by conventional photography under certain conditions. This technique is relatively easy, once a UV‐rich electronic flash and a UV‐transmitting, visible ray‐absorbing filter, which is known to dermatologists as Wood's filter or Wood's glass, are available. Representative photographs are presented, showing indications of reflection ultraviolet photography in the field of dermatology. The most important lesson of reflection ultraviolet photography is, however, to teach us the relationship between the wavelength of radiation and its reflectance from the skin.
MIXED SKIN CELL LYMPHOCYTE CULTURE REACTION (MSLR) IN PSORIASIS
Authors: Faure M. , Czernielewski J. , Schmitt D. , Thivolet J. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThe Mixed Skin Cell Lymphocyte Culture Reaction (MSLR) was studied as an in vitro approach of lympho‐epidermal interactions in psoriasis. The ability of peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with psoriasis to proliferate in response to stimulation by epidermal cells and the capacity of psoriatic epidermal cells to stimulate T cells were investigated and compared to results with cells from controls. While stimulation of control lymphocytes by autologous epidermal cells was observed, although weaker than the proliferation in response to allogeneic control epidermal cells, no stimulation was observed in autologous MSLR using psoriatic cells. The ability of epidermal cells from psoriatic skin, either uninvolved or involved skin, to induce proliferation of control lymphocytes in allogeneic MSLR did not differ from that of control epidermal cells. In contrast with results obtained with control lymphocytes and epidermal cells in allogeneic MSLR, peripheral blood cells from psoriatic subjects failed to react to stimulation by control allogeneic epidermal cells. These results indicate a normal capacity of psoriatic epidermal cells to stimulate in MSLR and a functional inability of peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with psoriasis to react in MSLR which is in agreement with previous reports of abnormal T cell functions in the disease.
NAEVUS SEBACEOUS ASSOCIATED WITH OCULAR DERMOLIPOMA
Authors: Sehgal V.N. , Ramesh V. , Ghorpade A. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTAn interesting association of naevus sebaceous and ipsilateral dermolipoma of the conjunctiva of the left eye, probably a forme fruste of the naevus sebaceous syndrome, is narrated.
THE USE OF A METAL HALIDE LAMP FOR THE INDUCTION OF PHOTOHEMOLYSIS IN PORPHYRIA
Authors: Honda Tetsuzo , Nonaka Shigeo , Ohgami Taro , Murayama Fumio , Yoshida Hikotaro 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTSeveral light sources, including sunlight, xenon lamps, fluorescent lamps, mercury lamps and carbon arc lamps, have been used to provoke skin changes for phototests in patients with porphyrias, or to induce experimental hemolysis of porphyrins for research. The metal halide lamp has a strong emission range between 400 nm and 450 nm, and a relatively low emission range in the ultraviolet region. For this reason, we explored the possibility that this lamp could be used to induce photohemolysis caused by hematoporphyrin (HP) and the radiation of light. Twenty to forty μg of HP‐HCl was added to 25 ml of a normal red blood cell suspension. The flask containing this red blood cell suspension was then irradiated using a metal halide lamp with 3.6 to 10.8 J/cm2 of light. All of the irradiated red blood cell suspension was hemolyzed, but the non‐irradiated control showed very little hemolysis.Compared to natural sunlight, the energy emitted by the metal halide lamp is small. Therefore, a longer exposure from the metal halide lamp is required to obtain an amount of energy equivalent to sunlight. This type of light source covers a wide area for irradiation. From these results, we can speculate that a metal halide lamp source is of value when used experimentally to produce the chronic skin changes of porphyria.
THE NATURE AND PATHOGENESIS OF DYSKERATOSIS IN HAILEY‐HAILEY'S DISEASE AND DARIER'S DISEASE
Authors: Ishibashi Yasumasa , Kajiwara Youichi , Andoh Iwao , Inoue Yukiko , Kukita Atsushi 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThe following results were obtained after electron microscopic observation of skin lesions and outgrown epidermal cells (OEC) released from explant cultures in Hailey‐Hailey's disease (HHD) and Darier's disease (DD).

It was not always evident that the dissociation between keratinocytes in HHD and DD was caused by separation at the center of the desmosome; it seemed rather to be a phenomenon due to melting apart of cytoplasmic processes.
Marked development and deformation of microvilli observed in keratinocytes in lesions of both diseases as well as their disappearance were considered to be phenomena reflecting the degree of cell membrane disturbance accompanying the above disjunction.
In particular cases where dissociation progressed remarkably, keratinocytes became round and were released into lacunae (bullae) developed in the epidermis.
Some of the keratinocytes had organelles and tonofilaments around nuclei with a circular electron transparent zone between the nuclei and cell membrane; they were presumed to correspond to “corps ronds” observed by optical microscope.
Electron microscopically, these specific round cells looked finding as if, in most cases, they had been entirely phagocytized by other keratinocytes. This finding was especially marked in DD, and was designated the “corps ronds phenomenon”.
Pathological changes identical with the above were observed in OEC released from explant cultures not only in DD but also in HHD. The “corps ronds phenomenon” was confirmed to occur in vitro.
The nature and pathogenesis of acantholysis and dyskeratosis in DD and HHD were inferred from these findings.
Simposio de Reseñas: The future of the International Labour Organization in the global economy, de Francis Maupain: Introducción
Authors: LANGILLE Brian , MUNDLAK Guy 
Published: April 2015

Los artículos breves de este simposio de reseñas están basados en las ponencias que los autores presentaron en un seminario celebrado en Montreal en mayo de 2014 al que fueron invitados para comentar el libro de Francis Maupain (2013) The future of the International Labour Organization in the global economy. El seminario tuvo lugar en el marco de la Conferencia Internacional sobre Nuevas Fronteras para la Ciudadanía Laboral, organizada por el Centro Interuniversitario de Investigación sobre la Globalización y el Trabajo (CRIMT).Una de las ideas centrales del libro se plantea como una pregunta ineludible: ¿cómo una organización cuya estructura, mandato y recursos se concibieron hace casi un siglo puede pretender mantener su relevancia y eficacia en una realidad que no tiene prácticamente nada que ver con la de sus orígenes?
Varied Patterns of Family Resilience in Challenging Contexts
Authors: Ungar Michael 
Published: April 2015

While we know much about patterns of family resilience, most of our research and clinical discussion has focused on microsystemic, intrafamilial protective processes. We have far fewer maps of the bidirectional interactions between families and other systems that contribute to successful family adaptation in challenging contexts. The purpose of this article is to address this gap in knowledge and present a map of family resilience that is both systemic and contextually and culturally responsive. Seven specific patterns of family resilience are reviewed. Combined, they account for the varied adaptational patterns families use to nurture and sustain resilience. The article concludes with reflection on how we can assess family resilience and the application of this map to family therapy.Video Abstract
Effects of the beta‐adrenergic receptor antagonist Propranolol on dyskinesia and L‐DOPA‐induced striatal DA efflux in the hemi‐parkinsonian rat
Authors: Bhide Nirmal , Lindenbach David , Barnum Christopher J. , George Jessica A. , Surrena Margaret A. , Bishop Christopher 
Published: April 2015

AbstractDopamine (DA) replacement therapy with L‐DOPA continues to be the primary treatment of Parkinson's disease; however, long‐term therapy is accompanied by L‐DOPA‐induced dyskinesias (LID). Several experimental and clinical studies have established that Propranolol, a β‐adrenergic receptor antagonist, reduces LID without affecting L‐DOPA's efficacy. However, the exact mechanisms underlying these effects remain to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti‐dyskinetic profile of Propranolol against a panel of DA replacement strategies, as well as elucidate the underlying neurochemical mechanisms. Results indicated that Propranolol, in a dose‐dependent manner, reduced LID, without affecting motor performance. Propranolol failed to alter dyskinesia produced by the D1 receptor agonist, SKF81297 (0.08 mg/kg, sc), or the D2 receptor agonist, Quinpirole (0.05 mg/kg, sc). These findings suggested a pre‐synaptic mechanism for Propranolol's anti‐dyskinetic effects, possibly through modulating L‐DOPA‐mediated DA efflux. To evaluate this possibility, microdialysis studies were carried out in the DA‐lesioned striatum of dyskinetic rats and results indicated that co‐administration of Propranolol (20 mg/kg, ip) was able to attenuate L‐DOPA‐ (6 mg/kg, sc) induced DA efflux. Therefore, Propranolol's anti‐dyskinetic properties appear to be mediated via attenuation of L‐DOPA‐induced extraphysiological efflux of DA.
image
We investigated the ability of the beta‐adrenergic receptor (βAR) antagonist Propranolol to reduce drug‐induced dyskinesia in hemi‐parkinsonian rats. Dyskinesia induced by L‐3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine (L‐DOPA), but not D1 or D2 agonists was reduced by Propranolol. In vivo striatal microdialysis revealed that Propranolol's anti‐dyskinetic effects were related to an attenuation of L‐DOPA‐induced dopamine (DA) efflux. These findings show that pre‐synaptic βAR mediate L‐DOPA‐induced dyskinesia (LID) and highlight Propranolol's therapeutic potential.
p35 and Rac1 underlie the neuroprotection and cognitive improvement induced by CDK5 silencing
Authors: Posada‐Duque Rafael Andres , López‐Tobón Alejandro , Piedrahita Diego , González‐Billault Christian , Cardona‐Gomez Gloria Patricia 
Published: April 2015

AbstractCDK5 plays an important role in neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity in the normal function of the adult brain, and dysregulation can lead to Tau hyperphosphorylation and cognitive impairment. In a previous study, we demonstrated that RNAi knock down of CDK5 reduced the formation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) and prevented neuronal loss in triple transgenic Alzheimer's mice. Here, we report that CDK5 RNAi protected against glutamate‐mediated excitotoxicity using primary hippocampal neurons transduced with adeno‐associated virus 2.5 viral vector eGFP‐tagged scrambled or CDK5 shRNA‐miR during 12 days. Protection was dependent on a concomitant increase in p35 and was reversed using p35 RNAi, which affected the down‐stream Rho GTPase activity. Furthermore, p35 over‐expression and constitutively active Rac1 mimicked CDK5 silencing‐induced neuroprotection. In addition, 3xTg‐Alzheimer's disease mice (24 months old) were injected in the hippocampus with scrambled or CDK5 shRNA‐miR, and spatial learning and memory were performed 3 weeks post‐injection using ‘Morris’ water maze test. Our data showed that CDK5 knock down induced an increase in p35 protein levels and Rac activity in triple transgenic Alzheimer's mice, which correlated with the recovery of cognitive function; these findings confirm that increased p35 and active Rac are involved in neuroprotection. In summary, our data suggest that p35 acts as a mediator of Rho GTPase activity and contributes to the neuroprotection induced by CDK5 RNAi.
image
CDK5 plays an important role in neurotransmission in the normal function of the adult brain, and dysregulation can lead to Tau hyperphosphorylation and cognitive impairment. Our findings suggest that p35/Rac1 signaling is critical in the CDK5 shRNAmiR‐induced neuroprotection against glutamate neurotoxicity and is also correlated with the recovery of cognitive function in 3xTg‐AD mice. CDK5 shRNAmiR blocks calpain activation, and the cleavage of p35 to p25 produced by glutamate, which generates neuroprotection in a p35 up‐regulation dependent mode and its down‐stream control of Rho GTPases, such as Rac1 and RhoA.
Effects of maternal dietary EPA and DHA supplementation and breeder age on embryonic and post‐hatch performance of broiler offspring
Authors: Koppenol A. , Delezie E. , Wang Y. , Franssens L. , Willems E. , Ampe B. , Buyse J. , Everaert N. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryBreeder age and nutrition are amongst the most important factors affecting progeny growth and development. The present experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of n‐3 fatty acid (FA), with special emphasis on the ratio of eicosapentaenoic (EPA, 20:5 n‐3) and docosahexaenoic (DHA, 22:6 n‐3) acid, provided to the diet of ageing broiler breeder hens at different ratios, on the incubation parameters and the performance of the offspring. Four hundred and eighty Ross‐308 broiler breeder hens were fed one of four different diets (120/treatment), with an equal fat content. The control diet was a basal diet, rich in n‐6 FAs (CON). Blends of fish oil were used to enrich the three other diets in n‐3 FA and to obtain different EPA/DHA ratios of 1/1 (EPA=DHA), 1/2 (DHA) or 2/1 (EPA). Every 5 weeks, incubation parameters were assessed. Every 15 weeks, offspring was reared until slaughter age on a standard diet. Breeder age affected almost all incubation and post‐hatch parameters, whereas n‐3 FA treatment only lowered egg weight (p < 0.0001) and consequently hatched chick weight (p < 0.0001). Supplementation of EPA resulted in a higher proportional liver weight (p = 0.0219) at hatch, a lower body weight up to 28 days post‐hatch (p = 0.0418), a lower daily weight gain (p = 0.0498) and a higher feed conversion ratio (p = 0.0395) during the starter period (p = 0.0498), resulting in a higher overall offspring feed conversion ratio (p = 0.0317) compared to the control diet. DHA supplementation, on the other hand, resulted in a lower residual yolk weight (p = 0.0220) and a higher overall offspring mortality (p = 0.0125). In conclusion, supplementation of n‐3 FA could not counter the adverse effect of breeder flock age, but did not harm incubation or improve post‐hatch performance, either. EPA and DHA affected offspring development differently during early post‐hatch life.
Behind the diversity: Ontogenies of radiate, disciform, and discoid capitula of Chrysanthemum and its allies
Authors: Ren Jia‐Bin , Guo Yan‐Ping 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAsteraceae are distinguishable by their head‐like inflorescence called a capitulum. There are a variety of capitulum types due to different combinations of different composing florets. Morphological evolution of capitula must involve homoplasy under selective constraints. Therefore, a comparative examination of ontogenies of divergent capitula among phylogenetically close taxa is important to investigate the genetic and molecular bases of this trait. In the subtribe Artemisiinae, tribe Anthemideae, three closely related genera have different flower heads: Chrysanthemum with the radiate, Ajania with the disciform, and Stilpnolepis with the discoid capitula. Through observations using scanning electron microscopy, we examined the morphogenetic processes of flower heads of representative species of these genera. The morphological differentiation of the discoid from the radiate/disciform capitula occurred early in the floral initiation stage. The development of the ray/marginal florets of the radiate/disciform capitula lagged behind the outermost disc florets throughout the phases of floral initiation and floral organogenesis. Primordia of their 1–2 dorsal corolla lobes and all stamens ceased to grow soon after initiation. In contrast, all florets on a discoid capitulum developed equally in rates and modes into bisexual actinomorphic flowers. Differentiation between the radiate and the disciform capitula occurred late during the floral maturation stage. Our data provided evidence to the interpretation that uniformly acropetal development only occurs in species with homogamous flower heads, and to the idea that the timing of ontogenetic divergence between taxa is positively correlated with the phylogenetic distance of the taxa.
An evaluation of a new tool to aid judgements of credibility in the medico‐legal setting
Authors: Akehurst Lucy , Easton Simon , Fuller Emily , Drane Grace , Kuzmin Katherine , Litchfield Sarah 
Published: April 2015

PurposeClinical psychologists and other health professionals are often requested to act as expert witnesses in Court. They are required to assess, and report upon, the reliability of the accounts of physical and psychological symptoms made by their clients. This study investigated the effectiveness of a checklist drawing upon relevant literature on lying and malingering to aid the detection of exaggeration of physical symptoms.MethodSixty‐four participants were cast as interviewers and assigned to either a ‘checklist’ or ‘no checklist’ condition. Another 64 volunteers were assigned to either a ‘truth teller’ or ‘malingerer’ role and, after undergoing a cold pressor procedure, were interviewed about their experience. The interviewers with a checklist drawn from the literature were asked to rate the presence of 28 checklist items on 5‐point Likert scales and to indicate whether or not they believed their interviewee was truthful or exaggerating his or her symptoms. The interviewers without the checklist were asked to simply indicate whether their interviewee was truthful or exaggerating.ResultsEvaluators who were not given the checklist did not classify their interviewees at a level significantly better than chance. Those using the checklist achieved an overall hit rate of 70%. Signal detection analysis supported the finding that those with the checklist showed greater discriminability. Nine checklist items significantly discriminated between truth tellers and malingerers. Furthermore, the total checklist score was significantly higher for exaggerated accounts than for truthful accounts.ConclusionsResults suggest that a checklist based on the literatures into lying and malingering warrants further investigation. Such a tool would be useful as an aid for expert witnesses called to provide informed opinion on the likelihood that a claimant is exaggerating, malingering or otherwise misrepresenting difficulties.
3D superimposition and understanding temporomandibular joint arthritis
Authors: Cevidanes L. H. S. , Gomes L. R. , Jung B. T. , Gomes M. R. , Ruellas A. C. O. , Goncalves J. R. , Schilling J. , Styner M. , Nguyen T. , Kapila S. , Paniagua B. 
Published: April 2015

Structured AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the 3D morphological variations in 169 temporomandibular ioint (TMJ) condyles, using novel imaging statistical modeling approaches.Setting and sample populationThe Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry at the University of Michigan. Cone beam CT scans were acquired from 69 subjects with long‐term TMJ osteoarthritis (OA, mean age 39.1 ± 15.7 years), 15 subjects at initial consult diagnosis of OA (mean age 44.9 ±14.8 years), and seven healthy controls (mean age 43 ± 12.4 years).Materials and methods3D surface models of the condyles were constructed, and homologous correspondent points on each model were established. The statistical framework included Direction–Projection–Permutation (DiProPerm) for testing statistical significance of the differences between healthy controls and the OA groups determined by clinical and radiographic diagnoses.ResultsCondylar morphology in OA and healthy subjects varied widely with categorization from mild to severe bone degeneration or overgrowth. DiProPerm statistics supported a significant difference between the healthy control group and the initial diagnosis of OA group (t = 6.6, empirical p‐value = 0.006) and between healthy and long‐term diagnosis of OA group (t = 7.2, empirical p‐value = 0). Compared with healthy controls, the average condyle in OA subjects was significantly smaller in all dimensions, except its anterior surface, even in subjects with initial diagnosis of OA.ConclusionThis new statistical modeling of condylar morphology allows the development of more targeted classifications of this condition than previously possible.
Genetics of the dentofacial variation in human malocclusion
Authors: Moreno Uribe L. M. , Miller S. F. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractMalocclusions affect individuals worldwide, resulting in compromised function and esthetics. Understanding the etiological factors contributing to the variation in dentofacial morphology associated with malocclusions is the key to develop novel treatment approaches. Advances in dentofacial phenotyping, which is the comprehensive characterization of hard and soft tissue variation in the craniofacial complex, together with the acquisition of large‐scale genomic data have started to unravel genetic mechanisms underlying facial variation. Knowledge on the genetics of human malocclusion is limited even though results attained thus far are encouraging, with promising opportunities for future research. This review summarizes the most common dentofacial variations associated with malocclusions and reviews the current knowledge of the roles of genes in the development of malocclusions. Lastly, this review will describe ways to advance malocclusion research, following examples from the expanding fields of phenomics and genomic medicine, which aim to better patient outcomes.