bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anticonformists catalyze societal transitions and facilitate the expression of evolving preferences
Authors: Mittal Dhruv , Constantino Sara M , Vasconcelos Vítor V 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The world is grappling with emerging, urgent, large-scale problems, such as climate change, pollution, biodiversity loss, and pandemics, which demand immediate and coordinated action. Social processes like conformity and social norms can either help maintain behaviors (e.g. cooperation in groups) or drive rapid societal change (e.g. rapid rooftop solar uptake), even without comprehensive policy measures. While the role of individual heterogeneity in such processes is well studied, there is limited work on the expression of individuals’ preferences and the role of anticonformists—individuals who value acting differently from others—especially in dynamic environments. We introduce anticonformists into a game-theoretical collective decision-making framework that includes a complex network of agents with heterogeneous preferences about two alternative options. We study how anticonformists’ presence changes the population’s ability to express evolving personal preferences. We find that anticonformists facilitate the expression of preferences, even when they diverge from prevailing norms, breaking the “spiral of silence” whereby individuals do not act on their preferences when they believe others disapprove. Centrally placed anticonformists reduce by five-fold the number of anticonformists needed for a population to express its preferences. In dynamic environments where a previously unpopular choice becomes preferred, anticonformists catalyze social tipping and reduce the “cultural lag,” even beyond the role of committed minorities—that is, individuals with a commitment to a specific cause. This research highlights the role of dissenting voices in shaping collective behavior, including their potential to catalyze the adoption of new technologies as they become favorable and to enrich democracy by facilitating the expression of views.
On the Addition of a Large Scalar Multiplet to the Standard Model
Authors: Jurčiukonis Darius , Lavoura Luís 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We consider the addition of a single $SU(2)$ multiplet of complex scalar fields to the Standard Model (SM). We explicitly consider the various possible values of the weak isospin J of that multiplet, up to and including $J = 7/2$. We allow the multiplet to have arbitrary weak hypercharge. The scalar fields of the multiplet are assumed to have no vacuum expectation value; the mass differences among the components of the multiplet originate in its coupling, present in the scalar potential (SP), to the Higgs doublet of the SM. We derive exact bounded-from-below and unitarity conditions on the SP, thereby constraining those mass differences. We compare those constraints to the ones that may be derived from the oblique parameters.
Closing the gaps in experimental and observational crop response estimates: a bayesian approach
Authors: Mkondiwa Maxwell , Hurley Terrance M , Pardey Philip G 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
A stylized fact of African agriculture is that crop responses to inorganic fertilizer application derived from experimental studies are often substantially greater than those from observational studies (e.g. surveys and administrative data). Recent debates on relative costs and benefits of expensive farm input subsidy programs in Africa, have raised the importance of reconciling these estimates. Beyond mean response differences, this paper argues for including parameter uncertainty and heterogeneity arising from variations in soil types, environmental conditions, and management practices. We use a Bayesian approach that combines information from experimental and observational data to model uncertainty and heterogeneity in crop yield responses. Using nationally representative experimental, survey, and administrative datasets from Malawi, we find that: (1) crop responses are low in observational data, (2) there are large spatial heterogeneities, and (3) based on sensitivity analysis, ignoring parameter uncertainty and spatial heterogeneity in crop responses can lead to questionable policy prescriptions.
Cardiac MRI T2 mapping with heart phase acquisition and improved motion-sensitized driven equilibrium blood suppression
Authors: Raheem Hammood Ebtihal , Shirani Shapoor , Asl Fallah Sahar , Maleki Farzad , Dehghani Sadegh 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging relies on T2 mapping to assess myocardial tissue properties. However, T2 maps are subject to motion artifacts and signal interference, prompting exploration of techniques such as gradient-spin-echo (GraSE) sequences, heart phase acquisition, and dark blood (DB) imaging to improve image quality and reliability.

Purpose
This prospective study evaluates the T2 relaxation time (T2) variability and the image quality of T2 maps obtained in end-systole and end-diastole with and without fat saturation (FS), using GraSE sequence in CMR imaging. Furthermore, improved motion-sensitized driven-equilibrium (iMSDE) was compared with double inversion recovery (DIR) as an alternative DB technique.

Materials and Methods
Five variants of the DB GraSE sequence were developed and performed on a 1.5 Tesla MRI scanner. Forty-four healthy volunteers prospectively underwent the following sequences: GraSE in end-diastole (GraSE-ED), GraSE-ED with FS (GraSE-ED-FS), GraSE in end-systole (GraSE-ES), GraSE-ES with FS (GraSE-ES-FS), and commercial GraSE-ED (GraSE-CO). Four GraSE variants utilized iMSDE technique, while GraSE-CO used DIR for blood suppression. T2, image quality, and visual artifacts were measured.

Results
Ten volunteers were excluded due to image artifacts or missing datasets. Among the remaining 34 participants, the mean global T2 was measured. No significant differences were seen among all variants (P &gt; .05 for all comparisons). Intra- and inter-reader agreement of global T2 values for all GraSE sequence were very good (r &gt; 0.8 for both). Image quality was rated moderate or good for all variants of GraSE sequences. A lower incidence of artifacts was observed in end-systolic compared to end-diastolic imaging.

Conclusion
All variants of GraSE sequence are highly reproducible and myocardial T2 values did not significantly differ with heart phase. iMSDE is feasible as an alternative DB technique for T2 mapping enabling acquisition in systole, which shows a lower incidence of artifacts compared to diastole.
High-dimensional inference of radio interferometer beam patterns I: parametric model of the HERA beams
Authors: Wilensky Michael J , Burba Jacob , Bull Philip , Garsden Hugh , Glasscock Katrine A , Fagnoni Nicolas , Acedo Eloy de Lera , DeBoer David R , Razavi-Ghods Nima 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
Accurate modelling of the primary beam is an important but difficult task in radio astronomy. For high dynamic range problems such as 21 cm intensity mapping, small modelling errors in the sidelobes, and spectral structure of the beams can translate into significant systematic errors. Realistic beams exhibit complex spatial and spectral structure, presenting a major challenge for beam measurement and calibration methods. In this paper series, we present a Bayesian framework to infer per-element beam patterns from the interferometric visibilities for large arrays with complex beam structure, assuming a particular (but potentially uncertain) sky model and calibration solution. In this first paper, we develop a compact basis for the beam so that the Bayesian computation is tractable with high-dimensional sampling methods. We use the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA) as an example, verifying that the basis is capable of describing its single-element E-field beam (i.e. without considering array effects like mutual coupling) with a relatively small number of coefficients. We find that 32 coefficients per feed, incident polarization, and frequency, are sufficient to give percent-level and $\sim$10 per cent errors in the mainlobe and sidelobes, respectively, for the current HERA Vivaldi feeds, improving to $\sim 0.1{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ and $\sim 1{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ for 128 coefficients.
A bilayer bioengineered patch with sequential dual-growth factor release to promote vascularization in bladder reconstruction
Authors: Zhao Jian , Zhang Haoqian , Ling Zhengyun , An Ziyan , Xiao Shuwei , Wang Pengchao , Fu Zhouyang , Shao Jinpeng , Sun Yanfeng , Fu Weijun 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Bladder tissue engineering holds promise for addressing bladder defects resulting from congenital or acquired bladder diseases. However, inadequate vascularization significantly impacts the survival and function of engineered tissues after transplantation. Herein, a novel bilayer silk fibroin (BSF) scaffold was fabricated with the capability of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) sequential release. The outer layer of the scaffold was composed of compact SF film with waterproofness to mimic the serosa of the bladder. The inner layer was constructed of porous SF matrix incorporated with SF microspheres (MS) loaded with VEGF and PDGF-BB. We found that the 5% (w/v) MS-incorporated scaffold exhibited a rapid release of VEGF, whereas the 0.2% (w/v) MS-incorporated scaffold demonstrated a slow and sustained release of PDGF-BB. The BSF scaffold exhibited good biocompatibility and promoted endothelial cell migration, tube formation and enhanced endothelial differentiation of adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) in vitro. The BSF patch was constructed by seeding ADSCs on the BSF scaffold. After in vivo transplantation, not only could the BSF patch facilitate the regeneration of urothelium and smooth muscle, but more importantly, stimulate the regeneration of blood vessels. This study demonstrated that the BSF patch exhibited excellent vascularization capability in bladder reconstruction and offered a viable functional bioengineered patch for future clinical studies.
A novel inhibitory pathway of synovial inflammation exerted by glucocorticoids and tumour necrosis factor inhibitors via lymphocyte activation gene-3 up-regulation: an ex vivo study
Authors: Gertel Smadar , Polachek Ari , Eviatar Tali , Elkayam Ori , Furer Victoria 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective
To investigate the impact of glucocorticoids (GCs) and anti-rheumatic drugs on lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3) and on programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) expression by synovial and peripheral cells ex vivo.

Methods
Synovial fluid mononuclear cells (SFMCs) from psoriatic arthritis (PsA, n = 26) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA, n = 13) patients, synovial fluid cells (SFCs) from osteoarthritis (OA, n = 5) patients and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of healthy donors (n = 14) were co-cultured with GCs, glucocorticoid receptor antagonist RU486, methotrexate (MTX) and biologics. LAG-3 and PD-1 expression on immune subsets were analysed by flow cytometry.

Results
GCs in PsA inhibited SFMC growth vs medium [2.3 (0.4) × 105vs 5.3 (0.7) × 105, respectively, P &lt; 0.01] and markedly up-regulated CD14+LAG-3+ cells [11.7 (2.4)% vs 0.8 (0.3)%, P &lt; 0.0001, respectively], but not CD3+LAG-3+ and CD14+PD-1+ cells. MTX had no effect on CD14+LAG-3+ cells [0.7 (0.3)%]. The TNF inhibitors infliximab (IFX) and etanercept, but not IL-12/23 inhibitor, up-regulated CD14+LAG-3+ cells vs medium [2.0 (0.6)% and 1.6 (0.4)% vs 0.5 (0.1)%, P &lt; 0.03, respectively]. SFMC growth inhibition by GC in both PsA and RA correlated with CD14+LAG-3+ cell up-regulation (r = 0.53, P = 0.03). RU486 inhibited GC-induced CD14+LAG-3+ cells up-regulation in a dose-dependent manner compared with GC alone [5 µM 5.3 (1.2)% and 50 µM 1.3 (0.5)% vs 7.0 (1.4)%, P &lt; 0.003], but had no significant effect on CD14+LAG-3+ cells co-cultured with IFX. GCs in healthy donors’ PBMCs up-regulated the immune subsets CD3+LAG-3+, CD14+LAG-3+ and CD14+PD-1+ cells.

Conclusion
This study proposes a novel regulatory mechanism of GCs and of TNF inhibitors mediated by LAG-3 up-regulation in synovial cells and PBMCs. LAG-3 modulation may be a promising target for development of novel therapies for inflammatory arthritis.
Using Task-fMRI to Explore the Relationship Between Lifetime Cannabis Use and Cognitive Control in Individuals With First-Episode Schizophrenia
Authors: Lesh Tyler A , Rhilinger Joshua , Brower Rylee , Mawla Alex M , Ragland J Daniel , Niendam Tara A , Carter Cameron S 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
While continued cannabis use and misuse in individuals with schizophrenia is associated with a variety of negative outcomes, individuals with a history of use tend to show higher cognitive performance compared to non-users. While this is replicated in the literature, few studies have used task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to evaluate whether the brain networks underpinning these cognitive features are similarly impacted. Forty-eight first-episode individuals with schizophrenia (FES) with a history of cannabis use (FES + CAN), 28 FES individuals with no history of cannabis use (FES-CAN), and 59 controls (CON) performed the AX-Continuous Performance Task during fMRI. FES+CAN showed higher cognitive control performance (dʹ-context) compared to FES-CAN (P &lt; .05, ηp2 = 0.053), and both FES+CAN (P &lt; .05, ηp2 = 0.049) and FES-CAN (P &lt; .001, ηp2 = 0.216) showed lower performance compared to CON. FES+CAN (P &lt; .05, ηp2 = 0.055) and CON (P &lt; 0.05, ηp2 = 0.058) showed higher dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) activation during the task compared to FES-CAN, while FES+CAN and CON were not significantly different. Within the FES+CAN group, the younger age of initiation of cannabis use was associated with lower IQ and lower global functioning. More frequent use was also associated with higher reality distortion symptoms at the time of the scan. These data are consistent with previous literature suggesting that individuals with schizophrenia and a history of cannabis use have higher cognitive control performance. For the first time, we also reveal that FES+CAN have higher DLPFC brain activity during cognitive control compared to FES-CAN. Several possible explanations for these findings are discussed.
Ethnic-Racial Identity, Racial Discrimination and Support for Black Lives Matter among Black American Youth
Authors: Seaton Eleanor , Yellow Horse Aggie , Vargas Edward D 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The current study examines whether ethnic-racial identity and racial discrimination experiences predict strong support of the Black Lives Matter movement among a representative sample of Black American youth. The 2016 Collaborative Multiracial Post-Election Survey (CMPS) examined attitudes about the 2016 United States election, immigration, policing, racial equality, and racial discrimination among Asian American, Black American, Latinx, and White adults. The current study used the Black American youth sample, which included 225 individuals (73 percent female) between 18 and 20 years of age. We conducted logistic regression analysis to assess the associations of ethnic-racial identity and racial discrimination experiences with strong support of Black Lives Matter. The results indicated that positive views of one’s ethnic-racial group and belief in anti-Black bias were associated with strong support of the Black Lives Matter movement. Yet, racial discrimination experiences were not associated with strong support for Black Lives Matter once ethnic-racial identity was accounted for.
Exploring the Macroevolutionary Signature of Asymmetric Inheritance at Speciation
Authors: Gaboriau Théo , Tobias Joseph A , Silvestro Daniele , Salamin Nicolas 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Popular comparative phylogenetic models such as Brownian Motion, Ornstein-Ulhenbeck, and their extensions assume that, at speciation, a trait value is inherited identically by 2 descendant species. This assumption contrasts with models of speciation at a micro-evolutionary scale where descendants’ phenotypic distributions are sub-samples of the ancestral distribution. Different speciation mechanisms can lead to a displacement of the ancestral phenotypic mean among descendants and an asymmetric inheritance of the ancestral phenotypic variance. In contrast, even macro-evolutionary models that account for intraspecific variance assume symmetrically conserved inheritance of ancestral phenotypic distribution at speciation. Here, we develop an Asymmetric Brownian Motion model (ABM) that relaxes the assumption of symmetric and conserved inheritance of the ancestral distribution at the time of speciation. The ABM jointly models the evolution of both intra- and inter-specific phenotypic variation. It also infers the mode of phenotypic inheritance at speciation, which can range from a symmetric and conserved inheritance, where descendants inherit the ancestral distribution, to an asymmetric and displaced inheritance, where descendants inherit divergent phenotypic means and variances. To demonstrate this model, we analyze the evolution of beak morphology in Darwin finches, finding evidence of displacement at speciation. The ABM model helps to bridge micro- and macro-evolutionary models of trait evolution by providing a more robust framework for testing the effects of ecological speciation, character displacement, and niche partitioning on trait evolution at the macro-evolutionary scale.
Complex but Clear Allopolyploid Pattern of Subtribe Tussilagininae (Asteraceae: Senecioneae) Revealed by Robust Phylogenomic Evidence, with Development of a Novel Homeolog-Sorting Pipeline
Authors: Ren Chen , Wang Long , Nie Ze-Long , Tang Ming , Johnson Gabriel , Tan Hui-Tong , Xia Nian-He , Wen Jun , Yang Qin-Er 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Polyploidy is a significant mechanism in eukaryotic evolution and is particularly prevalent in the plant kingdom. However, our knowledge about this phenomenon and its effects on evolution remains limited. A major obstacle to the study of polyploidy is the great difficulty in untangling the origins of allopolyploids. Due to the drastic genome changes and the erosion of allopolyploidy signals caused by the combined effects of hybridization and complex postpolyploid diploidization processes, resolving the origins of allopolyploids has long been a challenging task. Here we revisit this issue with the interesting case of subtribe Tussilagininae (Asteraceae: Senecioneae) and by developing HomeoSorter, a new pipeline for network inferences by phasing homeologs to parental subgenomes. The pipeline is based on the basic idea of a previous study but with major changes to address the scaling problem and implement some new functions. With simulated data, we demonstrate that HomeoSorter works efficiently on genome-scale data and has high accuracy in identifying polyploid patterns and assigning homeologs. Using HomeoSorter, the maximum pseudo-likelihood model of Phylonet, and genome-scale data, we further address the complex origin of Tussilagininae, a speciose group (ca. 45 genera and 710 species) characterized by having high base chromosome numbers (mainly x = 30, 40). In particular, the inferred patterns are strongly supported by the chromosomal evidence. Tussilagininae is revealed to comprise 2 large groups with successive allopolyploid origins: Tussilagininae s.s. (mainly x = 30) and the Gynoxyoid group (x = 40). Two allopolyploidy events first give rise to Tussilagininae s.s., with the first event occurring between the ancestor of subtribe Senecioninae (x = 10) and a lineage (highly probably with x = 10) related to the Brachyglottis alliance, and the resulting hybrid lineage crossing with the ancestor of Chersodoma (x = 10) and leading to Tussilagininae s.s. Then, after early diversification, the Central American group (mainly x = 30) of Tussilagininae s.s., is involved in a third allopolyploidy event with, again, the Chersodoma lineage and produces the Gynoxyoid group. Our study highlights the value of HomeoSorter and the homeolog-sorting approach in polyploid phylogenetics. With rich species diversity and clear evolutionary patterns, Tussilagininae s.s. and the Gynoxyoid group are also excellent models for future investigations of polyploidy.
2Animal Studies
Authors: O’Key Dominic 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This review essay explores some key contributions to animal studies in 2023. In Section 1, Humanitarianism Beyond Humanism, I consider how Benjamin Meiches’s Nonhuman Humanitarians tracks animal labour as a form of post-humanitarianism. Section 2, Animalist India, turns to Naisargi N. Davé’s Indifference and Yamini Narayanan’s Mother Cow, Mother India, two complementary examinations of human–animal relations in India. Then, in Section 3, Zoological Marx, I compare Leigh Claire La Berge’s Marx for Cats and Dinesh Wadiwel’s Animals and Capital, both fusions of Marxism and animal studies that represent and realize a much-needed synthesis of these two fields.
Before I begin, though, a confession and a celebration. A more comprehensive review than this might have discussed Maan Barua’s fine-grained account of Delhi’s macaques and London’s parakeets in Lively Cities: Reconfiguring Urban Ecology; Sharon Patricia Holland’s disruption of the ‘hum/animal’ distinction through the category of Blackness in an other: a black feminist consideration of animal life; Richard O. Prum’s theorization of a queer evolutionary biology in Performance All the Way Down: Genes, Development, and Sexual Difference; Sandra Swart’s history of colonialism and animals in The Lion’s Historian: Africa’s Animal Past; and Robert McKay and Susan McHugh’s collection of essays on parodic literary forms, Animal Satire. A superior essay, written under different circumstances, would have been of more use to its readers by engaging with how each of these texts makes a noteworthy intervention into animal studies. If my review last year was deliberately modest, this year’s has turned out regrettably incomplete. But this incompletion is nonetheless a testament to the breadth and depth of work in the field, to the seriousness of its arguments and the careful attention they demand from the reader. This was brought home to me by the topics and questions that I heard discussed at this year’s British Animal Studies Network, the final meeting of the network after more than a decade of events at the University of Strathclyde, organized brilliantly by Erica Fudge. So: a thank you to Erica, for your hospitality and comradeship.
16Queer Medical Humanities
Authors: Dalton Benjamin , Ledin Chase 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter reviews a range of scholarship working at the intersection of queer theory and critical medical humanities in 2022 and 2023 under the following headings: 1. HIV/AIDS; 2. Healthcare Environments; 3. Trans Health Studies; 4. Bioethics. The chapter sets out emergent movements within queer medical humanities and articulates how scholars utilize queer theory and analysis to encourage critical change within medical and healthcare theory and practice. The chapter provides a baseline for understanding how queer theory is adapted to interdisciplinary studies, especially in the UK and Europe.