bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Past, present, and future for biologic intervention in atopic dermatitis
Authors: Howell M. D. , Parker M. L. , Mustelin T. , Ranade K. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a debilitating disease that significantly alters the quality of life for one in four children and one in 10 adults. Current management of AD utilizes combinations of treatments to symptomatically alleviate disease by suppressing the inflammatory response and restoring barrier function in the skin, reducing disease exacerbation and flare, and preventing secondary skin infections. Resolution is temporary and long‐term usage of these treatments can be associated with significant side‐effects. Antibody therapies previously approved for inflammatory diseases have been opportunistically evaluated in patients with atopic dermatitis; however, they often failed to demonstrate a significant clinical benefit. Monoclonal antibodies currently in development offer hope to those individuals suffering from the disease by specifically targeting immune and molecular pathways important for the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. Here, we review the underlying biological pathways and the state of the art in therapeutics in AD.
Nickel hypersensitivity and orthodontic treatment: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Gölz Lina , Papageorgiou Spyridon N. , Jäger Andreas 
Published: April 2015

SummaryNickel‐containing alloys are widely used in orthodontic appliances, even though nickel is by far the most common contact allergen. However, the scientific evidence concerning allergic reactions to nickel in orthodontic patients has not been evaluated systematically. The objective of this study was to investigate whether the prevalence of nickel hypersensitivity is affected by orthodontic treatment. Unrestricted electronic and manual searches were performed until July 2013 for human clinical studies assessing orthodontic treatment and nickel hypersensitivity. Methodological limitations were evaluated with the Downs and Black tool. Crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated from random‐effects meta‐analyses, followed by subgroup and sensitivity analyses. Thirty studies were included in the review, and 24 datasets with 10 184 patients in the meta‐analyses. Orthodontic treatment had no significant effect on nickel hypersensitivity (n = 11; crude OR 0.99; 95%CI: 0.78–1.25; p = 0.914). However, when confounding from factors such as sex and piercings was taken into account, orthodontic treatment was associated with a lower risk of hypersensitivity (n = 1; adjusted OR 0.60; 95%CI: 0.40–0.80; p < 0.001). This was even more pronounced when orthodontic treatment was performed prior to piercing (n = 7; crude OR 0.35; 95%CI: 0.24–0.50; p < 0.001). Orthodontic treatment seems to have a protective role against nickel hypersensitivity, especially when it precedes piercings.
Aortic Fibroelastoma: Detailed Preoperative Analysis with 3D Echocardiography
Authors: Moya‐Mur José Luis , Silva‐Guisasola Jacobo , Casas‐Rojo Eduardo , Martín‐García Miren , de Pablo‐Zarzosa Carmen , Jiménez‐Nacher José Julio , Zamorano‐Gomez José Luis 
Published: April 2015

Mini‐AbstractA 70‐year‐old man submitted to a routine echocardiogram was diagnosed of an aortic mass by transthoracic echocardiography. Three‐dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (3DTEE) revealed a mobile and pedunculated mass attached to the noncoronary cusp of the aortic valve, suggestive of an aortic fibroelastoma. 3DTEE allowed a perfect characterization of the tumor. Because of their size and mobility, surgical resection was advised. Surgery confirmed the diagnosis of aortic fibroelastoma and showed the utility of 3DTEE to take the correct therapeutic attitude.
Strain and Strain Rate Measured on Echocardiogram 1–3 Weeks after Starting Treatment Is Worse in Acute Dilated Cardiomyopathy Pediatric Patients with Poor Outcomes at One Year
Authors: Webb Melissa K. , Auerbach Scott R. , Younoszai Adel K. , Patel Sonali S. , Landeck Bruce F. 
Published: April 2015

BackgroundPredicting later outcome around time of diagnosis of acute dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is difficult. We hypothesized that strain and strain rate on initial and follow‐up echoes were worse in patients with acute DCM from all causes with poor one‐year outcomes.MethodsThis was a retrospective study including all patients with DCM aged 0–18 years with left ventricle dilation, low ejection fraction, or low fractional shortening on initial echo. Longitudinal and circumferential strain and systolic and diastolic strain rate were measured on echo at presentation, 1–3 weeks after presentation, and at 1 year. Patients were separated into “Stable” (survivors) and “Progressive” (referred for transplant or died) outcome groups, and results were analyzed to determine whether strain or strain rate at each echo was worse in the “Stable” group compared with the “Progressive” group.ResultsThe patient population included patients with DCM from idiopathic causes, myocarditis, iron deficiency anemia, lupus, chemotherapy, and LV noncompaction. Longitudinal and circumferential strain and systolic strain rate were significantly better in the “Stable” (n = 7) compared with the “Progressive” (n = 8) outcome group on 1‐ to 3‐week echo. Longitudinal strain more negative than −10% had 87% specificity and 100% sensitivity for predicting “stable” outcome (AUC 0.98), while circumferential strain more negative than −8% had 60% specificity and 100% sensitivity (AUC 0.83).ConclusionsLongitudinal and circumferential strain and systolic strain rate measured 1–3 weeks after starting therapy are worse in acute dilated cardiomyopathy patients with poor one‐year outcomes. Further studies with less heterogeneity and more study subjects are needed.
Molecular deregulation of signaling in lymphoid tumors
Authors: Spina Valeria , Martuscelli Lavinia , Rossi Davide 
Published: April 2015

AbstractGenomic studies have led to a significant impact both on the pace and the nature of understanding the molecular and biological bases of a variety of lymphoid tumors. An increasingly emerging aspect from genomic studies is that malignant lymphoid cells manipulate signaling pathways that are central to the homeostasis of their normal counterpart, including B‐ and T‐cell receptor signaling, NF‐κB signaling, Toll‐like receptor signaling, cytokine signaling, MAP kinase signaling, and NOTCH signaling. This review aims at covering the signaling pathways that are affected by mutations in lymphoid tumors, and how genetic alteration of these pathways may contribute to disease pathogenesis and management.
Decorin‐expressing adenovirus decreases collagen synthesis and upregulates MMP expression in keloid fibroblasts and keloid spheroids
Authors: Lee Won Jai , Ahn Hyo Min , Roh Hyun , Na Youjin , Choi Il‐Kyu , Lee Ju Hee , Kim Yong Oock , Lew Dae Hyun , Yun Chae‐Ok 
Published: April 2015

AbstractDecorin is a natural transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) antagonist. Reduced decorin synthesis is associated with dermal scarring, and increased decorin expression appears to reduce scar tissue formation. To investigate the therapeutic potential of decorin for keloids, human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) and keloid‐derived fibroblasts (KFs) were transduced with decorin‐expressing adenovirus (dE1‐RGD/GFP/DCN), and we examined the therapeutic potential of decorin‐expressing Ad for treating pathologic skin fibrosis. Decorin expression was examined by immunofluorescence assay on keloid tissues. HDFs and KFs were transduced with dE1‐RGD/GFP/DCN or control virus, and protein levels of decorin, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and secreted TGF‐β1 were assessed by Western blotting and ELISA. And type I and III collagen, and matrix metalloproteinase‐1 (MMP‐1) and matrix metalloproteinase‐3 (MMP‐3) mRNA levels were measured by real‐time RT‐PCR. Additionally, we immunohistochemically investigated the expression levels of the major extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in keloid spheroids transduced with dE1‐RGD/GFP/DCN. Lower decorin expression was observed in the keloid region compared to adjacent normal tissues. After treatment with dE1‐RGD/GFP/DCN, secreted TGF‐β1 and EGFR protein expressions were decreased in TGF‐β1‐treated HDFs and KFs. Also, type I and III collagen mRNA levels were decreased, and the expression of MMP‐1 and MMP‐3 mRNA was strongly upregulated. In addition, the expression of type I and III collagen, fibronectin and elastin was significantly reduced in dE1‐RGD/GFP/DCN‐transduced keloid spheroids. These results support the utility of decorin‐expressing adenovirus to reduce collagen synthesis in KFs and keloid spheroid, which may be highly beneficial in treating keloids.
A consensus approach to improving patient adherence and persistence with topical treatment for actinic keratosis
Authors: Stockfleth Eggert , Peris Ketty , Guillen Carlos , Cerio Rino , Basset‐Seguin Nicole , Foley Peter , Sanches José , Culshaw Alex , Erntoft Sandra , Lebwohl Mark 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundTopical therapy is important in the treatment of actinic keratosis, but guidance for improving adherence/persistence during topical therapy is still lacking.ObjectivesTo utilize expert consensus to generate a list of recommendations to improve real‐world efficacy when prescribing topical therapy for actinic keratosis.MethodsAn expert panel of eight dermatologists was convened to generate recommendations based on facilitated discussion and consensus generation using a modified Delphi session. The recommendations were ratified with the expert panel.ResultsFacilitated discussion generated 31 issues within five themes, which were prioritized using expert voting. Consensus was achieved on the importance of short and simple treatment regimens for maximizing patient compliance, physician awareness of the progression of actinic keratosis to squamous cell carcinoma, provision of appropriate patient information, and the use of effective communication strategies to educate physicians about actinic keratosis. Based on these key findings, eight recommendations were generated.ConclusionsThe recommendations will assist physicians when prescribing topical actinic keratosis therapy. Further research should focus on the types of patient outcomes that are influenced by the characteristics of topical field therapy.
The interplay between inflammasome activation and antifungal host defense
Authors: van de Veerdonk Frank L. , Joosten Leo A. B. , Netea Mihai G. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryFungal infections cause significant morbidity and mortality in humans, and they are a growing problem due to the increased usage of broad‐spectrum antibiotics and immunosuppressive therapies. The equilibrium between the commensal microbial flora and the immune system that protects the host against invasive fungal infection is disturbed during disease, and understanding this disturbed balance is important to develop new therapeutic interventions for the treatment of fungal infection. In the context of tolerating fungi during colonization and eliciting a vigorous immune response to eliminate invading fungal pathogens when needed, the inflammasome has been identified as an integral component of antifungal host defense. It contributes to mucosal host defense by regulating T‐helper 17 (Th17) cell responses, and contributes to protective responses such as neutrophil influx during fungal sepsis. Several aspects are important for understanding the role of the inflammasome for antifungal host defense, such as the role of fungal cell wall morphology and its components in triggering the inflammasome, the pattern recognition pathways and downstream signaling cascades involved in the activation of the inflammasome, and the effects of inflammasome activation during fungal infection. The future perspectives of inflammasome research in fungal immunology, with emphasis on targeting the inflammasome for the design of future immunotherapies, is also discussed.
Caspase‐8 functions as a key mediator of inflammation and pro‐IL‐1β processing via both canonical and non‐canonical pathways
Authors: Monie Tom P. , Bryant Clare E. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryCaspase‐8 is an apical component of cell death pathways. Activated caspase‐8 can drive classical caspase‐dependent apoptosis and actively inhibits cell death mediated by RIPK3‐driven necroptosis. Genetic deletion of Casp8 results in embryonic lethality as a result of uncontrolled necroptosis. This lethality can be rescued by simultaneous deletion of Ripk3. Recently, caspase‐8 has been additionally connected to inflammatory pathways within the cell. In particular, caspase‐8 has been shown to be crucially involved in the induction of pro‐IL‐1β synthesis and processing via both non‐canonical and canonical pathways. In this review, we bring together current knowledge regarding the role of caspase‐8 in cellular inflammation with a particular emphasis on the interplay between caspase‐8 and the classical and non‐canonical inflammasomes.
Bacterial recognition pathways that lead to inflammasome activation
Authors: Storek Kelly M. , Monack Denise M. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryInflammasomes are multi‐protein signaling platforms that upon activation trigger the maturation of the pro‐inflammatory cytokines, interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) and IL‐18, and cell death. Inflammasome sensors detect microbial and host‐derived molecules. Here, we review the mechanisms of inflammasome activation triggered by bacterial infection, primarily focusing on two model intracellular bacterial pathogens, Francisella novicida and Salmonella typhimurium. We discuss the complex relationship between bacterial recognition through direct and indirect detection by inflammasome sensors. We highlight regulation mechanisms that potentiate or limit inflammasome activation. We discuss the importance of caspase‐1 and caspase‐11 in host defense, and we examine the downstream consequences of inflammasome activation within the context of bacterial infections.
COLLAGEN‐LIKE PROTEIN IN SERUM OF PATIENTS WITH CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISORDERS
Authors: Kishihara Yukiko , Sasaki Soichiro , Sano Shigeharu 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTCollagen‐like protein (CLP) was demonstrated in the serum of normal human individuals and of patients with connective tissue disorders. The average amount of CLP in normals was 9.1 ± 0.2 μg/ml, whereas in systemic scleroderma, circumscribed scleroderma, and systemic lupus erythematosus the amounts were significantly lower. Serum CLP levels were also found to be decreased in pseudoxanthoma elasticum, striae atrophicae, and impetigo herpetiformis, but variable in dermatomyositis, and within normal limits in pyoderma gangrenosum. There seemed to be a relationship between the behavior of collagen‐like protein and the severity of clinical manifestations in systemic scleroderma and systemic lupus erythematosus.
SERUM IGE LEVEL AND WHITE DERMOGRAPHISM IN ATOPIC DERMATITIS, ATOPIC SKIN, AND INFANTILE ECZEMA
Authors: Yoshida Kuniji , Mizuno Nobuyuki , Tada Tomio 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTSerum IgE levels and white dermographism were evaluated in atopic dermatitis, atopic skin, and infantile eczema. Elevated serum IgE levels were found in some atopics. In atopic dermatitis there was an increase in serum IgE levels and a more constant presence of white dermagraphism in association with increased severity of dermatitis. Likewise, in atopic skin there was an association of increased serum IgE levels with white dermographism. In infantile eczema, IgE was not increased above normal adult levels nor was there white dermographism.
STUDIES ON PHOTOSENSITIVITY CAUSED BY SULFA DRUGS
Authors: Aoki Kazuo , Shimotoge Masashi , Saito Tadao 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTRepeated cutaneous applications of p‐hydroxylaminobenzene sulfonamide (PHABSA), which is a photo‐oxidation product of sulfanilamide (SNAm), sensitizes the guinea pig. By challenge with the substance, a marked cutaneous inflammatory reaction and an elevation of histamine level in the lesions are observed, although a single application of PHABSA to the non‐sensitized animals elicits neither a cutaneous reaction nor changes of histamine content.In addition, the cutaneous changes and elevation of histamine level induced by challenge in the sensitized animals are markedly suppressed by pretreatment with either histamine liberator or antihistaminic.Thus, it is presumed that PHABSA plays an important role in the photoallergic reaction caused by SNAm and that one of the mediators in this process is histamine.
A CASE OF ANGIOKERATOMA CORPORIS CIRCUMSCRIPTUM NEVIFORME
Authors: Maekawa Yoshihiro , Arao Tatsuyoshi 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTA 21‐year‐old man with angiokeratoma corporis circumscriptum neviforme (ACCN) involving his left buttock, thigh, leg, and foot was treated by resection of the lesions followed by skingrafts. The lesions had gradually spread and proliferated for 10 years following previous surgical therapy in our department.Histopathologic examination of the lesions revealed a marked hyperkeratosis of the epidermis; the upper dermis showed capillary dilatation and proliferation, and a distinct proliferation of immature endothelial cells of capillaries was noted in the middle and deep dermis.Additionally, 34 cases of ACCN reported in Japan are reviewed. Possible etiologic factors considered are a lack of oxygen and nutrition in the tissue due to a disturbance of blood circulation, and repeated trauma to the lesions.
PRESENCE OF ANTI‐CYTOPLASMIC ANTIBODIES IN A CASE OF INCONTINENTIA PIGMENTI
Authors: Ogawa Hideoki , Miyazaki Hiroaki , Ikeya Tazuko , Masutani Mamoru , Taneda Akio , Sanada Taeko 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTAntibodies against the cytoplasm of normal human epidermal cells were found in both a newborn baby with incontinentia pigmenti and in her normal mother. These antibodies showed no tissue or species specificity as in the case of anti‐nuclear antibodies in SLE. The antibodies were assayed by indirect immunofluorescence. The antibody titer in the serum of the baby gradually decreased over a period of months while the mother's titer remained high. The generalized vesiculo‐bullous eruption noted at birth subsided with the decrease of antibody titer. The immunoglobulin class of the antibodies was determined to be IgG, which passes through the placental barrier.It is suggested that the anti‐cytoplasmic antibodies produced by some unknown cause in pregnant women could be transferred to the baby and induce a variety of disorders.
INCREASE OF ACIDIC NUCLEAR PROTEINS AND DNA SYNTHESIS IN HUMAN LYMPHOCYTES ACTIVATED BY PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININ
Authors: Dekio Satoshi 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTAcidic nuclear proteins and histones were extracted at several points in time from human lymphocytes cultured in media containing phytohemagglutinin, and their amounts were measured according to Folin‐Lowry's technique. The amount of acidic nuclear proteins continually increased, but the histone level neither increased nor decreased. It is suggested that acidic nuclear proteins might restore histone‐inhibited DNA‐dependent RNA synthesis in human lymphocytes activated by phytohemagglutinin.
AN AUTORADIOGRAPHIC STUDY ON THE PERCUTANEOUS ABSORPTION OF A TOPICAL CORTICOSTEROID, WITH REFERENCE TO THE EFFECTS OF OCCLUSIVE TREATMENT AND STRIPPING
Authors: Takeda Yushi 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThe effects of occlusive treatment and stripping on the percutaneous absorption of a topical corticosteroid (17‐α‐desoxymethasone) were studied on human skin by means of a direct mounting method of autoradiography. A greater density of developed silver grains was found in the epithelium of occluded skin than in non‐occluded skin. The influence of occlusion on trans‐appendageal absorption was demonstrated by a greater density of grains in the cutaneous appendages of occluded skin as compared to non‐occluded skin. Further, a step‐wise increase in grain deposition was seen in specimens stripped repeatedly with adhesive tape. A partial removal of keratin by stripping was detected histologically, this suggests that the entire horny layer acts as a limiter of percutaneous absorption.
LYMPHOCYTE TRANSFORMATION USING MITSUDA ANTIGEN (LEPROMIN)
Authors: Yamada Mizuho , Fujimoto Fumio 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTA lymphocyte transformation test was performed adding Mitsuda antigen (lepromin) to the lymphocyte culture from the peripheral blood of 4 leprosy patients (2 borderline lepromatous and 2 lepromatous ones) and 6 control persons (1 Kimura disease patient, 1 kerion celsi patient, 2 latent syphilis patients and 2 normal controls—doctors). All 4 leprosy patients showed negative results, while 1 to 3% blast cells were observed in 5 of the control cases; the one case with Kimura disease showed a negative result. Only 12 to 21% blast cells stimulated by PHA were observed in the lepromatous patients.
CLINICAL PATTERN OF VITILIGO AMONGST INDIANS
Authors: Sehgal V.N. , Rege V.L. , Mascarenhas F. , Kharangate V.N. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTVitiligo incidence in the series was 14 per thousand. The affliction of the younger subjects was frequent, the mean value of age at onset being 24.25 years. Both the sexes were affected and there was no significant difference between the two. The duration of the disease had wide variations, majority reporting in the course of one year. The emotional undertones and the ocurrence of the disease amongst family links were observed as provocating factors in some cases. Ivory white macules associated sometimes with erythematous tinge, leucotrichiae and islets of pigmentation were classic. The lower extremities were frequently involved, followed by face and other parts of the body. The disease was largely progressive, though in a few it was stationary. Vitiligo vulgaris was its commonest variant, followed by areata, zosteriformis, mucosae and acrofacialis. The associations namely diabetes mellitus, liver diseases and others were recorded. The occurrence of myasthenia gravis and trigeminal neuralgia in vitiligo was interesting. Its association on the basis of autoimmunity is brought out. The importance of the clinical parameters in anticipating the prognosis after psoralen therapy are discussed.
ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT AND LYSOSOME ACTIVITY
Authors: Aoki Kazuo , Saito Tadao 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThe abdominal skin of guinea pigs was irradiated by a Xenon short arc lamp with glass filters. Acid phosphatase and β‐glucuronidase activity increased in the irradiated skin. The change of acid phosphatase is slow and mild in intensity, while that of β‐glucuronidase is quick and high in degree. The activity of acid phosphatase is influenced equally by light with filters of UV‐25, UV‐27, UV‐29, and UV‐31, while that of β‐glucuronidase is affected more mildly by light with a UV‐31 filter than with any of the other three filters.These findings suggest that there is a close relationship between cutaneous changes induced by ultraviolet light and changes in lysosome activity, and that energy required to induce changes in enzyme activity is much less than energy required to produce erythema.
ULTRASTRUCTURES OF BLASTOID‐TRANSFORMED LYMPHOCYTES, STIMULATED BY SEVERAL ANTIGENS*
Authors: Yamada Mizuho , Yoshinaga Hanako 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTLymphocytes transformed into large cells with specific antigens and a non‐specific stimulant agent, PHA, were studied by electron microscopy. The large cells stimulated by specific antigens—for instance, tuberculin (PPD), trichophytin, sporotrichin, potassium dichromate, and cobalt chloride—were ultrastructurally different from the PHA‐transformed ones. The latter had poor organellae in the relatively narrow cytoplasmic spaces, resembling the immature lymphocytes reported by other authors, while in the wide cytoplasm of the former were numerous endoplasmic reticula, various dense bodies and lysosome‐like structures. They were similar to macrophages. Cells transformed by PPD showed both acid phosphatase activity and India ink‐phagocytizing activity.