bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of preservative‐free latanoprost and bimatoprost in a multicenter, randomized, investigator‐masked cross‐over clinical trial
Authors: Stalmans I. , Cordeiro F. , Hommer A. , Oddone F. , Ribeiro L. , Sunaric Mégevand G. , Rossetti L. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeTo investigate the efficacy and safety of Bimatoprost Unit Dose Preservative Free (BUDPF) and Latanoprost Unit Dose Preservative Free (LUDPF) in a clinical setting.MethodsProspective, randomized, investigator‐masked, cross‐over comparison. Patients with ocular hypertension or open angle glaucoma (OAG) with an IOP less than or equal to 21 mmHg with a preserved prostaglandin monotherapy at screening were washed out and randomized to receive BUDPF or LUDPF for 3 months and were then switched to the other respective treatment for another 3 months. IOP curves were performed at baseline and after each treatment period, and safety and tolerability were assessed at the two latter timepoints.ResultsBoth drugs were effective in lowering IOP, both at 3 and at 6 months (estimated differences compared to baseline pressures: −4.0 ± 0.5 for both BUDPF and LUDPF, p < 0.01 at 3 months; −5.2 ± 0.5 for BUDPF, −3.4 ± 0.5 for LUDPF, both p < 0.01 at 6 months). Analysis at 6 months (primary endpoint) showed a difference of 1.6 ± 0.5 mmHg between the two groups, favoring BUDPF (p < 0.01). An intra‐subject IOP difference of 0.9 ± 0.2 mmHg in favor of BUDPF was observed (p < 0.01).ConclusionsThis study demonstrate a superior efficacy of BUDPF over LUDPF in lowering IOP.
Concordance between ophtalmologists and paramedical professionals in screening for retinal abnormalities with ultrawide field imaging
Authors: Durbant E. , Vardi K. , Bordet J. , Barbe C. , Garcia T. , Angioi K. , Arndt C. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeThe decreasing number of ophthalmologists leads to evaluate preliminary screening procedures performed by paramedical professionnals. The ultrawide field retinography is a recent technique allowing to obtain, simply and reproducibly, central and peripheral retinal images with or without mydriasis.The main objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic agreement between the reading of the ultra wide field images by a paramedical professional compared to a doctor.MethodsA prospective diagnostic two‐center study was performed in the ophthalmological departments of two University Hospitals (Reims and Nancy) including all patients eligible in an outpatient clinic. For each patient, an ultra wide field retinography was taken with an Optomap (Optos) and an image analysis was performed by both a paramedical professional and an ophthalmologist. The agreement (kappa coefficient) between both image readings was evaluated.Results901 patients were included from July 2011 to November 2014. A good agreement was found between paramedical professionals and ophthalmologists for the global analysis (normal or abnormal image) (k = 0.62 [0.59 to 0.66]).This good concordance was also found for retinal lesions, including the macula (k = 0.70 [0.66 to 0.73]) and particularly for the analysis of red lesions such as hemorrhages, dilated veins and retinal detachment. However, the agreement was poor for optic disc analysis (k = 0.38 [0.32 to 0.44]).ConclusionsIn screening procedures, paramedical professionals were able to identify retinal abnormalities on ultra wide field image in a significant number of cases. However, the correct identification of optic disc abnormalities was poor.
Looking for the best mouse model to study retinoblastoma
Authors: Lemaitre S. , Poyer F. , Cassoux N. , Fréneaux P. , Thomas C. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeRetinoblastoma is the most common primary intraocular tumor in children. Current therapies have many adverse effects. New approaches must therefore be developed and evaluated on animal models. Retinoblastoma mouse models include transgenic mice and patient‐derived xenografts. We report our experience with orthotopic xenograft models of retinoblastoma using different mice strains.MethodsHuman retinoblastoma tumors were established and maintained by xenografted cells from enucleated eyes on immunodeficient mice. The orthotopic model was obtained by subretinal injection of cells in suspension in the right eye of immunodeficient (nude, SCID) and immunocompetent mice (C57BL6N, B6ALB). Tumor growth was monitored by SD‐OCT imaging and histology was also performed.ResultsTumor growth was observed both in immunocompetent and in immunodeficient mice. Chronic retinal detachment may occur after the subretinal injection. Retinal, subretinal and vitreal tumor growth were achieved in four different strains. Retinal anatomy (thickness and number of layers) is different in nude mice. Mouse strains include immunocompetent and immunodeficient mice, albino and pigmented mice. Albino mice suffer from light‐induced retinal degeneration and a retinal degeneration mutation is present in the C57Bl6 strain. Consequently, visual function after treatment can be difficult to interpret in these mice. Retinal anatomy in nude mice may be responsible for chronic retinal detachment after the subretinal injection.ConclusionsThe genetic background of a given mouse can influence on its visual properties but it does not seem to influence the establishment of a xenograft model.
Comparison of the lamina cribrosa thickness of patients with unilateral branch retinal vein occlusion and normal subjects
Authors: Sagong M. , Lim S.H. , Kim M. , Chang W. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeWe compared the lamina cribrosa thickness (LCT) of normal subjects and patients with unilateral branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO), and investigated the correlation between the LCT and the BRVO subtypes.MethodsA total of 46 eyes of 46 patients with naïve untreated BRVO and 31 eyes of 31 normal control subjects were included in this study. The occlusion site was divided into 2 BRVO types: arteriovenous crossing BRVO (AV‐BRVO) and optic nerve BRVO (ON‐BRVO). The optic nerve head (ONH) was scanned using enhanced‐depth imaging (EDI) with the Spectralis OCT system. The mean LCT was defined at the centers of the mid‐superior, central, and mid‐inferior horizontal B‐scans. The inter‐eye differences and intra‐eye differences in the LCT in BRVO were analyzed using the paired t‐test.ResultsThe mean LCT of both eyes in the patients with BRVO was thinner than that of the normal subject eyes (both P < .001). Although the LCT of the BRVO‐affected eyes were slightly thinner than that of the fellow eyes (237.0 µm vs. 241.4 µm), there was no statistically significant difference. Moreover, there were no significant LCT differences according to site of occlusion (AV‐BRVO 237.6 µm vs. ON‐BRVO 234.4 µm, P > .05).ConclusionsThe lamina cribrosa was thinner in both eyes of the unilateral BRVO patients than in those of the normal subjects, but there was no difference in the LCT regardless of the anatomical site of the occlusion. These findings suggest that BRVO and glaucoma may have a common structural pathogenic mechanism.
The effects of nitroglycerine and COX‐inhibition on retinal vessel diameters during hypoxia
Authors: Kaya M. , Petersen L. , Bek T. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeRetinal hypoxia plays a role in the pathophysiology of retinal vascular diseases such as diabetic retinopathy. Previous studies have shown that nitric oxide (NO) and cyclooxygenase (COX) products are involved in hypoxia‐induced dilatation of the retinal vessels. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effect of an NO donor and inhibition of COX products on the diameter regulation of retinal vessels during hypoxia in healthy subjects.MethodsTwenty normal persons were examined with the Dynamic Vessel Analyzer (DVA). Retinal vessel diameters were measured at rest, and during isometric exercise and flicker stimulation. The measurements were performed during normoxia and hypoxia before and after sublingual administration of the NO donor nitroglycerine, and were repeated on a second study day after topical administration of the COX‐inhibitor diclofenac.ResultsHypoxia alone and combined with nitroglycerine significantly reduced both arteriolar constriction during isometric exercise and dilatation during flicker stimulation (p < 0.0001). Diclofenac further reduced the arteriolar constriction induced by isometric exercise during hypoxia (p = 0.005). Nitroglycerine alone had no effect on the retinal vessel diameters.ConclusionsDiameter regulation of retinal vessels during hypoxia in normal persons is affected by inhibition of COX products but not by increased NO. The results contribute to understanding of retinal flow regulation and thereby to the identification of possible new strategies for intervention on diseases characterized by disturbances in retinal blood flow.
Correlation of Osmolarity Measurements with Signs and Symptoms in the Norwegian Dry Eye Clinic
Authors: Badian R.A. , Eidet J.R. , Ræder S. , Utheim Ø. , Chen X. , Stojanovic A. , Utheim T.P. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeTo evaluate the relationship between osmolarity and signs and symptoms of dry eye disease (DED) in a Norwegian cohort of patients with DED.MethodsClinical signs and symptoms were evaluated for 365 subjects at the Norwegian Dry Eye Clinic. All patients received an extensive ophthalmological work‐up, including tear meniscus height, blink rate, corneal sensibility, tear film break‐up time, Ocular Protection Index, vital staining, Schirmer I, meibum quality and meibum expressibility. Pearson correlations between signs and symptoms were performed. P values below 0.05 were considered significant.ResultsHigh osmolarity correlated with lower ocular protection index (0.32) and higher blink interval (0.12), but no other parameters.ConclusionsOsmolarity did not correlate strongly with any parameters of dry eye disease.
Mass production of high quality corneal endothelial cells from old donors
Authors: He Z. , Forest F. , Perrache C. , Cognasse F. , Cognasse H. , Gain P. , Thuret G. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeIn vitro expansion of human corneal endothelial cells (CECs) possessing differentiation status and high endothelial cell density (ECD) is the key for the future cell therapies addressing endothelium dysfunctions. A few recent successes were reported using young donors (<30 years old (yo), by definition scarce), but an efficient technique is lacking for current donors over 55 yo. We present a protocol for mass production of very high quality CECs from old donors.MethodsThe Descemet membrane of 35 organ cultured corneas from donors over 55 yo were peeled and digested in collagenase to separate the CECs. Primary cultures were grown in fibronectin‐coated wells for 1 month with low concentrations of growth factors. Cells were then trypsinized and subcultivated for 1 month in a second medium enriched with growth factors. The whole process was animal compound free. Only cultures with small regular cells without mesenchymal transition were further subcultured in T25 flasks. At 5th passage, the culture yield and cell characteristics were assessed.ResultsCultures with monolayer of small polygonal cells were obtained for 7 donors (mean age 71 ± 13 yo). ECD was ≥4000 cells/mm2. At 5th passage, each cornea gave more than 160 million of CECs. They strongly expressed ZO1, Na/K ATPase, NCAM, Ncadherin and Vimentin as expected. After ex vivo re‐endothelialization of denuded corneas of their own CECs, a new endothelium with high ECD (>2500 cells/mm2) was obtained. Alizarin red staining showed typical morphology of CECs.ConclusionsThis new protocol provided a very high quality of cultured CECs from old donors. The satisfying yield and high ECD allows us to plan its transfer to a clinical grade process.
cis‐Urocanic acid prevents inflammation and cell death in UVB‐treated ARPE‐19 cells
Authors: Korhonen E. , Piippo N. , Hytti M. , Kaarniranta K. , Kauppinen A. 
Published: September 2015

Purposecis‐Urocanic acid (cis‐UCA) is an endogenous ultraviolet (UV) absorbing chromophore that is mainly produced in the upper layers of epidermis. The aim of our study was to investigate the cytoprotective capacity of cis‐UCA in UVB‐irradiated ARPE‐19 cells.MethodsARPE‐19 cells were pretreated with IL‐1α ± and cis‐UCA and then exposed to UVB radiation. Secretion of IL‐1β and ‐18 was measured using the ELISA method. Moreover, the cells were observed under an inverted microscope and cell viability was measured by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay. The proper cis‐UCA concentration was evaluated comprehensively beforehand using MTT (3‐[4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl]‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide), neutral red, and LDH tests.ResultsOur results show that UVB after IL‐1α ± priming activates IL‐1β and ‐18 secretion in ARPE‐19 cells and cis‐UCA clearly alleviates that. cis‐UCA also improves cellular viability.Conclusionscis‐UCA shows anti‐inflammatory and cytoprotective properties in ARPE‐19 cells.
A case of significant refractive change in nodular posterior scleritis
Authors: Yoon S. , Jeong H. , Kim H. , You T. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeThe aim of this study is to report refractive change in a patient with nodular posterior scleritis.MethodsA 43‐year‐old woman visitied clinic with a complaint of near vision discomfort associated with ocular pain and conjunctival injection. Her past ocular history was myopia of both eye, refractive error was ‐1.00D and uncorrected visual acuity was 20/40.ResultsOn ocular examination, uncorrected visual acuity was 20/20 in her right eye. But, refrective error of right eye changed ‐1.00D to +0.25D. Fundus examination revealed an large submacular mass associated with subretinal fluid surrounding it. B‐scan ultrasonography, optical coherence tomography, fluorescein angiography, and indocyanine green angiography findings confirmed a nodular posterior scleritis. But, brain and orbit MRI was normal finding except posterior scleritis. As treatment, nepafenac eye drops 3 times a day, and flurbiprofen tablet 100 mg twice a day were prescribed. After 4 weeks of treatment, the ocular pain was relieved, refractive error was changed +0.25D to ‐1.00D and subretinal mass totally regressed.ConclusionsIn case of severe nodular posterior scleritis, refractive error changes can appear at chief complain. So, In the case of refractive error change associated with ocular pain, nodular posterior scleritis should be evaluated.
Effect of dexamethasone intravitreal implant in the treatment of noninfectious uveitis
Authors: Frère A. , Janssens X. , Makhoul D. , Judice L. , Postelmans L. , Lefèbvre P. , Caspers L. , Willermain F. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeTo investigate the effect of dexamethasone intravitreal implant (Ozurdex; Allergan, Inc) in noninfectious uveitis.MethodsCharts of patients with noninfectious uveitis treated by dexamethasone intravitreal implants were reviewed in a retrospective study. Uveitis etiologies, treatment indications, visual acuity, central retinal thickness measured by optical coherence tomography, intraocular pressure and number of injections were collected. Parameters were analyzed before injection (29 ± 6 days), after 5–6 weeks (49 ± 10 days) (short follow‐up) and 4–5 months (134 ± 2 days) (long follow‐up) post Ozurdex injection.ResultsWe included 14 patients (20 eyes, 26 implants injections). Before injections, mean visual acuity was 0.5 ± 0.5 logMAR and improved to 0.3 ± 0.4 logMAR at short time follow‐up and to 0.3 ± 0.5 logMAR at long time follow‐up. Macular thickness has decreased by 101 ± 126 µm at short time follow‐up and 83 ± 162 µm at long time follow‐up. Mean intraocular pressure was 16 ± 5 mmHg before injections, 17 ± 6 mmHg at short time follow‐up and 15 ± 3 mmHg at long time follow‐up.ConclusionsIn noninfectious uveitis, dexamethasone implant can improve visual acuity and decrease macular thickness without significant increase of intraocular pressure. Although the effect seems limited in time.
Autophagy stimulus affects different kinase pathways and promotes HuR protein activation and SQSTM1/p62 protein synthesis in ARPE‐19 cells
Authors: Amadio M. , Marchesi N. , Govoni S. , Pascale A. , Kaarniranta K. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeAge‐related macular degeneration (AMD) pathogenesis is characterized by protein degradation impairment in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. We previously found that the expression of autophagy receptor SQSTM1/p62 is positively regulated by the RNA‐binding HuR/ELAV protein. We investigated the effects of AICAR (autophagy inducer, 5‐aminoimidazole‐4‐ carboxamide‐1‐β‐D‐ribofuranoside) and MG‐132 (proteasome inhibitor) co‐treatment on HuR activation, p62 expression, and the kinases potentially involved.MethodsARPE‐19 cells were treated with MG‐132 (1 µM) and/or AICAR (2 mM) for increasing times (up to 2 h) and subjected to cell fractionation. SQSTM1/p62 mRNA and protein levels were measured by qRT‐PCR and Western blotting, respectively. HuR protein levels and its phosphorylated status were evaluated by Western blotting. The effects of puromycin (1 mM, protein synthesis inhibitor) and various kinase inhibitors were also tested.ResultsAICAR+MG‐132 co‐treatment for 2 h induces HuR protein up‐regulation, its cytoplasmic translocation and phosphorylation, as well as increased expression of p62 protein, being the latter one blunted by puromycin. AICAR+MG‐132 co‐treatment affects various kinases with differential outcomes.ConclusionsAICAR+MG‐132 co‐treatment leads to HuR activation and p62 protein translation. Different protein kinase pathways are likely involved in these events.
The Repeatability of straylight measurements using the C‐Quant in young and older adults
Authors: Puell M. , Barrio A.R. , Antona B. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeTo assess the repeatability of retinal straylight measurements using the C‐Quant straylight‐meter and to evaluate the effect of age on repeatability.MethodsTwenty nine young (35.6 ± 9.6 years old) and twenty three older (61.8 ± 8.7 years old) subjects participated in the study. They were examined with the C‐Quant straylight‐meter. Two readings were taken in two different sessions with a time interval between them from 1 to 3 weeks. Inclusion criteria were distance best‐corrected VA of at least 0.8 decimal and without manifest ocular diseases. The repeatability of the straylight was estimated by the Bland‐Altman method whereby the mean difference (MD) and the 95% limits of agreement were determined as the coefficient of repeatability (COR).ResultsMean retinal straylight was 0.97 ± 0.12 log units and 1.21 ± 0.21 in the young and the older group, respectively. Repeatability of straylight measurements in the entire sample was high (MD: −0.003 log units, COR = ±0.21 log units). The repeatability was better in the younger group (MD: +0.024 log units, COR = ±0.15 log units) than in the older group (MD: −0.021 log units, COR = ±0.24 log units). There were not any significant differences between the two repeated measurements in each group and also in the entire sample.ConclusionsThe measurement of retinal straylight using the C‐Quant showed a good repeatability, although was worse in the older group. The impact of changes in straylight caused by intraocular scatter in the older eye should be considered when measuring straylight in age‐related diseases such as cataract.
Wide field imaging in patients treated with vigabatrin
Authors: Vardi K. , Brugniart C. , Motte J. , Ducasse A. , Arndt C. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of retinal changes on wide field imaging and to compare the results with ERG recordings in patients treated with vigabatrin.MethodsSeven consecutive patients treated with vigabatrin were followed up with ERG and wide field imaging using scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (Optomap)ResultsThree patients had abnormal ERG recordings and presented with peripheral pigmentary changes. Three patients had normal ERG recordings with no peripheral changes on wide field imaging. One patient had abnormal ERG with no peripheral pigmentary changes.ConclusionsThe follow‐up with ERG in children treated with vigabatrin is complicated because the recordings are regularly repeated. A follow‐up protocol combining electrophysiological recordings and wide field imaging could simplify screening for retinal toxicity but it remains to be demonstrated with a prospective study.
Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION): A misnomer. A non‐ischemic papillopathy caused by vitreous separation
Authors: Parsa C. , Hoyt W. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeVascular abnormalities such as disc hemorrhages and swelling present at the time of visual loss in NAION, followed by peripapillary vascular narrowing and ensuing disc pallor is enticing, but not etiologically conclusive for ischemia. Optic disc as well as retinal findings of whiteness with disc swelling is indicative of axoplasmic stasis that may also occur simply from anatomic distortion of axons rather than occlusion of vessels. It may also occur from mechanical stretching with fracture of the axonal cytoskeleton.MethodsReview of the literature regarding (1) vitreous attachments and effects of separation from the optic disc, (2) dynamic shear force stretch injury to axons.ResultsWithin the normal population and in the age‐goup in which NAION occurs, 10% have complete PVD, 70% partial PVD, and 20% no PVD. In those with acute NAION, however, either total vitreous separation from the disc, or complete parapapillary detachment, is always present. Any teleangectatic vessels on the disc surface correspond to areas of visual field sparing and encompass areas of unseparated vitreous still under tension.ConclusionsWhere internal limiting membrane is absent over the disc and peripapillary retina, most notably in cupless discs where epipapillary membrane adhesions are strongest, vitreous separation may momentarily stretch and elongate axons, breaking the cytoskeleton in more aged and less distensible axons, leading to immediate axoplasmic accumulation and atrophy in the prelaminar sites of separation. Vitreous synchysis occurs more precociously in diabetics. Ischemic pathophysiology need not be invoked in so‐called NAION, better termed papillary vitreous detachment, or PVD‐N. In those at risk, the timely and controlled release of vitreous connections to the optic disc may prevent such optic disc injury.
Assessment of choroidal thickness in high myopic glaucomatous eyes using SD OCT
Authors: El Matri L. , Chebil A. , Hassairi A. , Maamouri R. , Kort F. , Chaker N. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeTo measure macular choroidal thickness (CT) using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) in high myopic eyes with primary angle‐open glaucoma (POAG), and to investigate whether the choroid is thinner in these eyes compared to high myopic eyes without glaucoma.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional study of 68 eyes with high myopic glaucoma matched with 68 highly myopic eyes without glaucoma by age, central corneal thickness and axial length (AL). OCT scans were performed with the spectral domain OCT (Topcon 2000). The subfoveal CT was measured between the Bruch membrane and the internal aspect of the sclera.ResultsIn the subgroup without glaucoma, matched with the subgroup with glaucoma by age (P = 0.48), central corneal thickness (P = 0.28) and AL (P = 0.14), the mean subfoveal CT was 98.56 μm ± 31.37 μm. In the subgroup with glaucoma, the mean subfoveal CT was 51.32 μm ± 18.44 μm. The comparison between the two subgroups found a statistically significant difference in subfoveal CT (P < 0.0001).ConclusionsFoveal choroidal thickness is reduced in highly myopic eyes with glaucoma. The choroidal thinning can be a useful parameter for the diagnosis and the follow‐up of highly myopic patients with glaucoma.