bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hybrid multi‐scale epoxy composites containing conventional glass microfibers and electrospun glass nanofibers with improved mechanical properties
Authors: Zhao Yong , Xu Tao , Ma Xiaojing , Xi Min , Salem David R. , Fong Hao 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTA mechanically flexible mat consisting of structurally amorphous SiO2 (glass) nanofibers was first prepared by electrospinning followed by pyrolysis under optimized conditions and procedures. Thereafter, two types of hybrid multi‐scale epoxy composites were fabricated via the technique of vacuum assisted resin transfer molding. For the first type of composites, six layers of conventional glass microfiber (GF) fabrics were infused with the epoxy resin containing shortened electrospun glass nanofibers (S‐EGNFs). For the second type of composites, five layers of electrospun glass nanofiber mats (EGNF‐mats) were sandwiched between six layers of conventional GF fabrics followed by the infusion of neat epoxy resin. For comparison, the (conventional) epoxy composites with six layers of GF fabrics alone were also fabricated as the control sample. Incorporation of EGNFs (i.e., S‐EGNFs and EGNF‐mats) into GF/epoxy composites led to significant improvements in mechanical properties, while the EGNF‐mats outperformed S‐EGNFs in the reinforcement of resin‐rich interlaminar regions. The composites reinforced with EGNF‐mats exhibited the highest mechanical properties overall; specifically, the impact absorption energy, interlaminar shear strength, flexural strength, flexural modulus, and work of fracture were (1097.3 ± 48.5) J/m, (42.2 ± 1.4) MPa, (387.1 ± 9.9) MPa, (12.9 ± 1.3) GPa, and (30.6 ± 1.8) kJ/m2, corresponding to increases of 34.6%, 104.8%, 65.4%, 33.0%, and 56.1% compared to the control sample. This study suggests that EGNFs (particularly flexible EGNF‐mats) would be an innovative type of nanoscale reinforcement for the development of high‐performance structural composites. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42731.
Software for browsing sectioned images of a dog body and generating a 3D model
Authors: Seo Park Jin , Wook Jung Yong 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTThe goals of this study were (1) to provide accessible and instructive browsing software for sectioned images and a portable document format (PDF) file that includes three‐dimensional (3D) models of an entire dog body and (2) to develop techniques for segmentation and 3D modeling that would enable an investigator to perform these tasks without the aid of a computer engineer. To achieve these goals, relatively important or large structures in the sectioned images were outlined to generate segmented images. The sectioned and segmented images were then packaged into browsing software. In this software, structures in the sectioned images are shown in detail and in real color. After 3D models were made from the segmented images, the 3D models were exported into a PDF file. In this format, the 3D models could be manipulated freely. The browsing software and PDF file are available for study by students, for lecture for teachers, and for training for clinicians. These files will be helpful for anatomical study by and clinical training of veterinary students and clinicians. Furthermore, these techniques will be useful for researchers who study two‐dimensional images and 3D models. Anat Rec, 299:81–87, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Comparative Analysis of Route‐Based Energy Management Systems for Phevs
Authors: Taghavipour Amir , Vajedi Mahyar , Azad Nasser L. , McPhee John 
Published: July 2015

AbstractPlug‐in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) development seems to be essential step on the path to widespread deployment of electric vehicles (EVs) as the zero‐emission solution for the future of transportation. Because of their larger battery pack in comparison to conventional hybrid electic vehicles (HEVs), they offer longer electric range which leads to a superior fuel economy performance. Advanced energy management systems (EMSs) use vehicle trip information to enhance a PHEV's performance. In this study, the performance of two optimal control approaches, model predictive control (MPC) and adaptive equivalent consumption minimization strategy (A‐ECMS), for designing an EMS for different levels of trip information are compared. The resulting EMSs are fine‐tuned for the Toyota Prius plug‐in hybrid powertrain and their performances are evaluated by using a high‐fidelity simulation model in the Autonomie software. The results of simulation show that both MPC and A‐ECMS can approximately improve fuel economy up to 10% compared to the baseline Autonomie controller for EPA urban and highway drive cycles. Although both EMSs can be implemented in real time, A‐ECMS is 15% faster than MPC. Moreover, it is shown that the engine operating points are more sensitive to the battery depletion pattern than to different driving schedules.
Roche volume filling and the dissolution of open star clusters
Authors: Ernst A. , Berczik P. , Just A. , Noel T. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractFrom direct N‐body simulations we find that the dynamical evolution of star clusters is strongly influenced by the Roche volume filling factor. We present a parameter study of the dissolution of open star clusters with different Roche volume filling factors and different particle numbers. We study both Roche volume underfilling and overfilling models and compare with the Roche volume filling case. We find that in the Roche volume overfilling limit of our simulations two‐body relaxation is no longer the dominant dissolution mechanism but the changing cluster potential. We call this mechanism “mass‐loss driven dissolution” in contrast to “two‐body relaxation driven dissolution” which occurs in the Roche volume underfilling regime. We have measured scaling exponents of the dissolution time with the two‐body relaxation time. In this experimental study we find a decreasing scaling exponent with increasing Roche volume filling factor. The evolution of the escaper number in the Roche volume overfilling limit can be described by a log‐logistic differential equation. We report the finding of a resonance condition which may play a role for the evolution of star clusters and may be calibrated by the main periodic orbit in the large island of retrograde quasiperiodic orbits in the Poincaré surfaces of section. We also report on the existence of a stability curve which may be of relevance with respect to the structure of star clusters. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A β‐mannanase from Paenibacillus sp.: Optimization of production and its possible prebiotic potential
Authors: Dhawan Samriti , Singh Rajvinder , Kaur Ramandeep , Kaur Jagdeep 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA thermotolerant bacterium Paenibacillus thiaminolyticus with an ability to produce extracellular β‐mannanase was isolated from a soil sample. Bacterium produced 45 U/mL β‐mannanase at 50 °C. The culture conditions for high‐level production of β‐mannanase were optimized. Optimized MS medium [wheat bran 2% (w/v), ammonium sulfate 0.3% (w/v), yeast extract, and peptone (0.025% each) pH 6.5] was inoculated with 2% of 16 H old culture. The culture was incubated at 50 °C for 48 H resulting in 24‐folds higher β‐mannanase production (1,100 ± 50 U/mL). Optimum pH and temperature for enzyme activity of the crude enzyme was 6.0 and 60 °C, respectively. The enzyme demonstrated 65% relative enzyme activity at 37 °C. The hydrolytic activity of the crude enzymatic preparation was assessed on various agro residues. Thin‐layer chromatographic analysis showed that the enzyme activity to saccharify heteromannans resulted in production of a mixture of manno‐oligosaccharides (MOS) and enzyme exhibited classic endo‐activity. To evaluate the possible prebiotic potential of the MOS thus obtained, initial screening for their ability to support the growth of probiotics was carried out by the pure culture method. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus sp. responded positively to the addition of enzymatically derived oligosaccharides and their numbers increased significantly.
Point mutation of cytochrome P450 2A6 (a polymorphic variant CYP2A6.25) confers new substrate specificity towards flavonoids
Authors: Uno Tomohide , Ogura Chika , Izumi Chiho , Nakamura Masahiko , Yanase Takeshi , Yamazaki Hiroshi , Ashida Hitoshi , Kanamaru Kengo , Yamagata Hiroshi , Imaishi Hiromasa 
Published: July 2015

AbstractCYP2A6 is a major hepatic member of the cytochrome P450 family in humans. Much variation in CYP2A6 levels and activity can be attributed to genetic polymorphisms of this gene. CYP2A6*25 comprises an amino acid substitution, F118L. To clarify the effect of the leucine substitution at position 118 in CYP2A6.25, this variant, wild type CYP2A6 and three additional variants consisting of artificial mutations at the substrate binding site (position 481) suggested by earlier reports using random mutagenesis studies [CYP2A6.1, CYP2A6.25, CYP2A6.1(F118A), CYP2A6.1(A481G) and CYP2A6.25(A481G)], were co‐expressed with NADPH‐cytochrome P450 reductase in E. coli. The hydroxylase activity of these variants toward 7‐ethoxycoumarin, coumarin, flavone, α‐naphthoflavone, flavanone and hydroxyflavanone were examined. All the mutants had lower activities for coumarin 7‐hydroxylation than the wild type. All the mutants showed higher activities for flavone and α‐naphthoflavone compared with CYP2A6.1. CYP2A6.1 had the highest flavanone 2′‐hydroxylase activity, whereas CYP2A6.25 had the highest 6‐ and 4′‐hydroxylase activities. CYP2A6.1(F118A), CYP2A6.1(A481G) and CYP2A6.25(A481G) had higher flavanone 3′‐hydroxylase activities than CYP2A6.1 and CYP2A6.25. Furthermore, 4′‐hydroxyflavanone was metabolized by CYP2A6.25. These results indicate that the CYP2A6.25 mutation confers new substrate specificity towards flavonoids. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Glycoprofiling effects of media additives on IgG produced by CHO cells in fed‐batch bioreactors
Authors: Kildegaard Helene Faustrup , Fan Yuzhou , Sen Jette W. , Larsen Bo , Andersen Mikael R. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTTherapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are mainly produced by heterologous expression in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. The glycosylation profile of the mAbs has major impact on the efficacy and safety of the drug and is therefore an important parameter to control during production. In this study, the effect on IgG N‐glycosylation from feeding CHO cells with eight glycosylation precursors during cultivation was investigated. The study was conducted in fed‐batch mode in bioreactors with biological replicates to obtain highly controlled and comparable conditions. We assessed charge heterogeneity and glycosylation patterns of IgG. None of the eight feed additives caused statistically significant changes to cell growth or IgG productivity, compared to controls. However, the addition of 20 mM galactose did result in a reproducible increase of galactosylated IgG from 14% to 25%. On the other hand, addition of 20 mM N‐acetyl‐D‐glucosamine (GlcNAc) reduced relative abundance of galactosylated IgG by 4%. Additionally, supplementation with 10 mM mannose slightly reduced GlcNAc occupancy of IgG. Overall, comparing the effects of IgG glycosylation, by supplementing the cell culture medium with glycosylation precursors during cultivation, revealed an application of these glycosylation precursors for modulating N‐glycosylation of IgG. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 359–366. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Adjuvant effect of B domain of staphyloccocal protein A displayed on the surface of hepatitis B virus capsid
Authors: Kim Hyun Jin , Ahn Keum‐Young , Bae Kyung Dong , Lee Jiyun , Sim Sang Jun , Lee Jeewon 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTThe hepatitis B virus (HBV) capsid‐based recombinant particles, which display both major hydrophilic region of HBV surface antigen (HBV–MHR) and B domain of Staphylococcal protein A (SPAB), were produced using Escherichia coli as expression host. SPAB was used as an adjuvant to elicit the immune response to HBV–MHR, and its adjuvant effect in the immunized mice was estimated with varying the position and amount of SPAB on the HBV capsid particles. Compared to the emulsified aluminum gel (alum gel) that is a currently commercialized vaccine adjuvant, SPAB caused the significantly higher level of anti‐HBV immunoglobulin G (IgG) titer and seroconversion rate, and notably SPAB at the most surface‐exposed position on the recombinant particle led to the highest immune response. Moreover, SPAB caused much lower ratio of IgG1 to IgG2a compared to alum gel, indicating that helper T‐cell 1‐mediated immune response (responsible for cytotoxic T‐cell stimulation) is relatively more stimulated by SPAB, unlike alum gel that mainly stimulates helper T‐cell 2‐mediated immune response (responsible for B‐cell stimulation). Although HBV–MHR and HBV capsid particle were used as proof‐of‐concept in this study, SPAB can be used as a highly effective adjuvant with other disease‐specific antigens on the surface of other virus‐like particles to produce various recombinant vaccines with high potency. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 268–274. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enhancement of angiogenic effects by hypoxia‐preconditioned human umbilical cord‐derived mesenchymal stem cells in a mouse model of hindlimb ischemia
Authors: Han Kyu‐Hyun , Kim Ae‐Kyeong , Kim Min‐Hee , Kim Do‐Hyung , Go Ha‐Nl , Kim Dong‐Ik 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIt has been studied that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the capability to promote angiogenesis. Furthermore, there is strong evidence that hypoxic conditions can enhance angiogenesis and immune modulation mediated by MSCs, a notion that has been applied in many fields of clinical application. In the present study, we compared the efficacy of hypoxia preconditioned human umbilical cord‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC‐MSCs) and normoxia conditioned hUC‐MSCs for the treatment of ischemic injury in hindlimbs of an immunodeficient mouse model. Expression of negative markers for MSC such as CD31, CD34, and CD45 or positive markers such as CD44, CD73, CD90, and CD105 was not significantly changed in hypoxia preconditioned hUC‐MSCs compared with hUC‐MSCs cultured in normoxic condition. Expression of angiogenesis‐related genes such as COX‐2, VEGF, Tie‐2, and TGF‐β1 was increased compared with hUC‐MSCs cultured in normoxic conditions. In the in vivo model, CD31 expression as a marker of angiogenesis was significantly increased in the ischemic limbs at 1 month after injection with hypoxic hUC‐MSCs. Angiogenesis‐related genes such as Ang‐1, COX‐1, PIGF, and MCP‐1 were significantly upregulated in the muscle of ischemic hindlimbs treated with hypoxic hUC‐MSCs than normoxic hUC‐MSCs. Expression of proinflammatory genes such as IL‐1, and IL‐20 was reduced, whereas TGF‐β1, which has an anti‐inflammatory effect, was strongly increased. In conclusion, hypoxic culture conditions could induce expression of angiogenesis related genes in hUC‐MSCs, and hypoxia preconditioned hUC‐MSCs showed enhancing effects by inducing angiogenesis and low inflammatory immune response compared with normoxic hUC‐MSCs in the ischemia injured hindlimb of immunodeficient mice.
Process Design Aspects for Reaction‐Integrated Adsorption in Multi‐Enzymatic Catalysis*
Authors: Waluga Thomas , Scholl Stephan 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis work deals with aspects of process design for the in situ product removal via adsorption in a tri‐enzymatic synthesis of laminaribiose. Regarding the reaction, mass transfer properties of the reactants in chitosan as a potential immobilization matrix are discussed. For all three enzymes, three significantly different Thiele moduli were calculated. Also, the laminaribiose‐specific properties of mass transfer into two different adsorbents are presented. While the diffusion coefficient for adsorption in a powder zeolite is smaller than the apparent coefficient in an extrudate, the total adsorption time in extrudates is significantly longer. Experimental single‐component adsorption equilibrium data for all reactants and products are presented. Simulation is used to discuss the influence and impact of co‐adsorption and the amount of enzyme used on the yield for continuous in situ adsorption. No significant effects were observed at high residence times of adsorbent within the reaction. However, the yield can be increased significantly at short residence times of the adsorbent, depending on the adsorption properties.
Highly Organized Ferrocene‐Functionalized Nanoporous Silica Films with an Extremely Fast Electron‐Transfer Rate for an Intrinsically Nonconducting Oxide‐Modified Electrode
Authors: Audebert Pierre , Vilà Neus , Allain Clémence , Maisonneuve Franck , Walcarius Alain , Hapiot Philippe 
Published: July 2015

AbstractModified electrodes from functionalized nanoporous xerogel coatings, prepared by using the electrochemically assisted self‐assembly (EASA) method, containing ferrocene moieties grafted onto vertically oriented pores perpendicular to an indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode, have been prepared and studied. The electrochemical behavior of these new materials exhibits the fastest charge transfer ever observed in oxide‐modified electrodes. The cyclic voltammetry curves allow us, however, to discriminate two types of ferrocene species inside the coatings and to determine the rate constants for the electron exchange between the ITO electrode and the coatings, with the help of simulations and an advanced software package.
Green Template‐Free Synthesis of Hierarchical Shuttle‐Shaped Mesoporous ZnFe2O4 Microrods with Enhanced Lithium Storage for Advanced Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Hou Linrui , Hua Hui , Lian Lin , Cao Hui , Zhu Siqi , Yuan Changzhou 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn the work, a facile and green two‐step synthetic strategy was purposefully developed to efficiently fabricate hierarchical shuttle‐shaped mesoporous ZnFe2O4 microrods (MRs) with a high tap density of ∼0.85 g cm3, which were assembled by 1D nanofiber (NF) subunits, and further utilized as a long‐life anode for advanced Li‐ion batteries. The significant role of the mixed solvent of glycerin and water in the formation of such hierarchical mesoporous MRs was systematically investigated. After 488 cycles at a large current rate of 1000 mA g−1, the resulting ZnFe2O4 MRs with high loading of ∼1.4 mg per electrode still preserved a reversible capacity as large as ∼542 mAh g−1. Furthermore, an initial charge capacity of ∼1150 mAh g−1 is delivered by the ZnFe2O4 anode at 100 mA g−1, resulting in a high Coulombic efficiency of ∼76 % for the first cycle. The superior Li‐storage properties of the as‐obtained ZnFe2O4 were rationally associated with its mesoprous micro‐/nanostructures and 1D nanoscaled building blocks, which accelerated the electron transportation, facilitated Li+ transfer rate, buffered the large volume variations during repeated discharge/charge processes, and provided rich electrode–electrolyte sur‐/interfaces for efficient lithium storage, particularly at high rates.
A New Conformation With an Extraordinarily Long, 3.04 Å Two‐Electron, Six‐Center Bond Observed for the π‐[TCNE]22−Dimer in [NMe4]2[TCNE]2(TCNE=Tetracyanoethylene)
Authors: Graham Adora G. , Mota Fernando , Shurdha Endrit , Rheingold Arnold L. , Novoa Juan J. , Miller Joel S. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract[NMe4]2[TCNE]2(TCNE=tetracyanoethenide) formed from the reaction of TCNE and (NMe4)CN in MeCN hasνCNIR absorptions at 2195, 2191, 2172, and 2156 cm−1and aνCCabsorption at 1383 cm−1that are characteristic of reduced TCNE. The TCNEs have an average central CC distance of 1.423 Å that is also characteristic of reduced TCNE. The reduced TCNE forms a previously unknown non‐eclipsed, centrosymmetric π‐[TCNE]22−dimer with nominalC2symmetry, 12 sub van der Waals interatomic contacts <3.3 Å, a central intradimer separation of 3.039(3) Å, and comparable intradimer C⋅⋅⋅N distances of 3.050(3) and 2.984(3) Å. The two pairs of central C⋅⋅⋅C atoms form a ∢CC⋅⋅⋅CC of 112.6° that is substantially greater than the 0° observed for the eclipsedD2hπ‐[TCNE]22−dimer possessing a two‐electron, four‐center (2e−/4c) bond with two C⋅⋅⋅C components from a molecular orbital (MO) analysis. A MO study combining CAS(2,2)/MRMP2/cc‐pVTZ and atoms‐in‐molecules (AIM) calculations indicates that the non‐eclipsed,C2π‐[TCNE]22−dimer exhibits a new type of a long, intradimer bond involving one strong C⋅⋅⋅C and two weak C⋅⋅⋅N components, that is, a 2e−/6c bond. TheC2π‐[TCNE]22−conformer has a singlet, diamagnetic ground state with a thermally populated triplet excited state withJ/kB=1000 K (700 cm−1; 86.8 meV; 2.00 kcal mol−1;H=−2 JSa⋅Sb); at the CAS(2,2)/MBMP2 level the triplet is computed to be 9.0 kcal mol−1higher in energy than the closed‐shell singlet ground state. The results from CAS(2,2)/NEVPT2/cc‐pVTZ calculations indicate that theC2andD2hconformers have two different local metastable minima with theC2conformer being 1.3 kcal mol−1less stable. The different natures of theC2andD2hconformers are also noted from the results of valence bond (VB) qualitative diagram that shows a 10e−/6c bond with one C⋅⋅⋅C and two C⋅⋅⋅N bonding components for theC2conformer as compared to the 6e−/4c bond for theD2hconformer with two C⋅⋅⋅C bonding components.
Size‐Selective Yolk‐Shell Nanoreactors with Nanometer‐Thin Porous Polymer Shells
Authors: Jia Ying , Shmakov Sergey N. , Register Paul , Pinkhassik Eugene 
Published: July 2015

AbstractYolk‐shell nanoreactors with metal nanoparticle core and ultrathin porous polymer shells are effective catalysts for heterogeneous reactions. Polymer shells provide size‐selectivity and improved reusability of catalyst. Nanocapsules with single‐nanometer porous shells are prepared by vesicle‐templated directed assembly. Metal nanoparticles are formed either by selective initiation in pre‐fabricated nanocapsules or simultaneously with the creation of a crosslinked polymer shell. In this study, we investigated the oxidation of benzyl alcohol and benzaldehyde catalyzed by gold nanoparticles and hydrogenation of cyclohexene catalyzed by platinum nanoparticles. Comparison of newly created nanoreactors with commercially available nanoparticles revealed superior reusability and size selectivity in nanoreactors while showing no negative effect on reaction kinetics.
ChemInform Abstract: Ultra‐Flexible Framework Breathing in Response to Dehydration in Liskeardite, [(Al,Fe)16(AsO4)9(OH)21 (H2O)11]·26H2O, a Natural Open‐Framework Compound.
Authors: Grey Ian. E. , Brand Helen E. A. , Rumsey Michael S. , Gozukara Yesim 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe title compound exhibits a phase transition at about 100 °C from the monoclinic space group I112 to the tetragonal space group I$\bar 4$, which is related to removal of water from the channels.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Crystal Structures of HgFAsF6, Hg(HF)2(AsF6)2, Hg(HF)(AsF6)2 and Hg(AsF6)(SO3F).
Authors: Mazej Zoran , Goreshnik Evgeny A. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractHgFAsF6 is prepared by oxidation of Hg2(AsF6)2 (prepared via the reaction of Hg and AsF5 in liquid SO2) with fluorine in anhydrous HF condensed on the sample at 77 K (T‐shaped FEP tubes, 25 °C, 2 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses and Characterization of the Cubic Uranium Chalcogenides Rh2U6S15, Cs2Ti2U6Se15, Cs2Cr2U6Se15, and Cs2Ti2U6Te15.
Authors: Ward Matthew D. , Oh George N. , Mesbah Adel , Lee Minseong , Sang Choi Eun , Ibers James A. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractRh2U6S15 (I), Cs2Ti2U6Se15 (II), Cs2Cr2U6Se15 (III), and Cs2Ti2U6Te15 (IV) are prepared by solid state reaction of the elements and CsCl at 1173 K (evacuated C‐coated silica tube, complex heating schedule).
ChemInform Abstract: Selective N‐Chelation‐Directed C—H Activation Reactions Catalyzed by Pd(II) Nanoparticles Supported on Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes.
Authors: Korwar Sudha , Brinkley Kendra , Siamaki Ali R. , Gupton B. Frank , Ellis Keith C. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe title catalyst efficiently promotes C—H activation reactions to allow the transformation of C—H to C—O, C—Cl, and C—Br bonds.