bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Chemoselective Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Furans via Intramolecular Wittig Reactions: Mechanism and Theoretical Analysis.
Authors: Lee Yu‐Ting , Lee Yen‐Te , Lee Chia‐Jui , Sheu Chia‐Ning , Lin Bo‐Yu , Wang Jeng‐Han , Lin Wenwei 
Published: November 2013

AbstractTetrasubstituted furans (III) and (VII) are synthesized from the corresponding α,β‐unsaturated ketones (I) and (V), acid chlorides (II) and (VI), and Bu3P via chemoselective intramolecular Wittig reaction as the key step.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphine‐Free Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct C2‐Arylation of Benzothiophenes with Aryl Bromides.
Authors: Zhao Liqin , Bruneau Christian , Doucet Henri 
Published: November 2013

AbstractLow loadings of Pd(OAc)2 (0.1‐0.5 mol%) as catalyst are found to promote the direct C2‐arylation of benzothiophenes with a wide range of different substituted aryl bromides.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Photosensitized Cyclization Reactions of Ethyl 3‐Amino‐3‐phenyl‐2‐propenoate Derivatives to Highly Substituted Pyrroles.
Authors: Ishida Yohsuke , Yoshida Yuhki , Igarashi Tetsutaro , Sakurai Tadamitsu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIrradiation of compounds (I) at wavelengths longer than 340 nm and using N‐methylacridinium perchlorate as photosensitizer affords corresponding pyrrole derivatives (II).
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Four‐Component Synthesis of Highly Substituted Pyrroles in Gluconic Acid Aqueous Solution.
Authors: Li Bao‐Le , Li Pei‐He , Fang Xue‐Na , Li Chun‐Xiao , Sun Jing‐Lei , Mo Li‐Ping , Zhang Zhan‐Hui 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIt is demonstrated that gluconic acid aqueous solution is an effective promoting medium for the four‐component coupling of 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds, aldehydes, amines, and nitromethane to produce pyrroles.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Construction of 3,3′‐Bisindolylmethanes Through Bartoli Indole Synthesis.
Authors: Abe Takumi , Nakamura Shuuhei , Yanada Reiko , Choshi Tominari , Hibino Satoshi , Ishikura Minoru 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe synthesis of a wide variety of bisindolylmethanes is achieved via reaction of nitromethanes with vinylmagnesium bromide, followed by quenching with HCl or reaction with aldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3‐Acyl‐2‐arylindole via Palladium‐Catalyzed Isocyanide Insertion and Oxypalladation of Alkyne.
Authors: Nanjo Takeshi , Yamamoto Sho , Tsukano Chihiro , Takemoto Toshiji 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPd‐Catalyzed isocyanide insertion and oxopalladation of an alkyne is utilized for the synthesis of indoles from isocyanides (I) and aryl iodides.
ChemInform Abstract: Design and Stereoselective Synthesis of Novel Isosteviol‐Fused Pyrazolines and Pyrazoles as Potential Anticancer Agents.
Authors: Zhu Song‐Lin , Wu Ya , Liu Cong‐Jun , Wei Chang‐Yong , Tao Jing‐Chao , Liu Hong‐Min 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe synthesis of novel isosteviol‐fused pyrazolines and pyrazoles from isosteviol is described along with the evaluation of the anti‐cancer activity of the synthesized compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Thiazole Derivatives Bearing an Incorporated Z‐5‐Aminopent‐3‐enoic Acid Fragment.
Authors: Zavozin Alexander G. , Ignat'ev Nikolai V. , Schulte Michael , Zlotin Sergei G. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe title compounds (VII) are prepared from 5‐bromolevulinic esters (I) (applied as mixtures with their less reactive 3‐bromo‐regioisomers) through a sequence of nucleophilic substitution, bromination, Hantzsch‐type heterocyclization and Gabriel‐like deprotection.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Two‐Step Synthesis of New 5‐Substituted‐1H‐tetrazoles of Biological Interest.
Authors: Zanatta Nilo , da Silva Fabio M. , da Silva Andreia M. P. W. , Aquino Estefania da C. , Bonacorso Helio G. , Martins Marcos A. P. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractCycloaddition reactions between the nitrile group of β‐cyanocarboxylic acids with sodium azide in the presence of zinc chloride afford tetrazolic acids, structural analogues of succinic acid.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Construction of Dihydropyran‐Fused Indoles Through Chiral Calcium Phosphate Catalyzed Oxo‐Hetero‐Diels—Alder Reactions by Using 2‐Oxoindolin‐3‐ylidenes as Heterodienes.
Authors: Mao Zhijie , Li Weipeng , Shi Yan , Mao Hiabin , Lin Aijun , Zhu Chengjian , Chang Yixiang 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA highly efficient, mild, and simple method for the synthesis of the title compounds is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Shedding Light on Organocatalysis—Light‐Assisted Asymmetric Ion‐Pair Catalysis for the Enantioselective Hydrogenation of Pyrylium Ions.
Authors: Hsiao Chien‐Chi , Liao Hsuan‐Hung , Sugiono Erli , Atodiresei Iuliana , Rueping Magnus 
Published: November 2013

AbstractFor the first time an asymmetric reductive photocyclization of chalcones yielding 4H‐chromenes in good yields and with excellent enantioselectivities is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Amine‐Catalyzed Cascade Synthesis of 3,4‐Diunsubstituted Coumarins.
Authors: Wei Jia , Wang Pengcheng , Jia Qianfa , Huang Jiaoyao , Du Zhiyun , Zhang Kun , Wang Jian 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe synthesis of the title compounds is described under utilization of substituted salicylaldehydes as substrates.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Preparation of 4‐Hydroxyquinolin‐2(1H)‐one Derivatives with Silver‐Catalyzed Carbon Dioxide Incorporation and Intramolecular Rearrangement.
Authors: Ishida Tomonobu , Kikuchi Satoshi , Yamada Tohru 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe use of catalytic amounts of AgNO3 and DBU as base renders possible the preparation of the title compounds (III) and (V) from o‐alkynylanilines and carbon dioxide under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Design and Synthesis of Biquinolone—Isoniazid Hybrids as a New Class of Antitubercular and Antimicrobial Agents.
Authors: Jardosh Hardik H. , Patel Manish P. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA series of title compounds (IV) (19 examples) is designed based on molecular hybridization technique and synthesized via a multicomponent cyclization reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Simple and Direct sp3 C—H Bond Arylation of Tetrahydroisoquinolines and Isochromans via 2,3‐Dichloro‐5,6‐dicyano‐1,4‐benzoquinone Oxidation under Mild Conditions.
Authors: Muramatsu Wataru , Nakano Kimihiro , Li Chao‐Jun 
Published: November 2013

AbstractDDQ allows the oxidative arylation of activated sp3 C‐H bonds of tetrahydroisoquinolines, isochromanes and structurally related non‐cyclic substrates.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Solvent‐Free Approach to Imidazole Containing Nitrogen‐Bridgehead Heterocycles.
Authors: Attanasi Orazio A. , Bianchi Luca , Campisi Linda A. , De Crescentini Lucia , Favi Gianfranco , Mantellini Fabio 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA novel methodology without the need for a metal‐catalyst is presented to synthesize imidazo‐pyridine‐like compounds through cyclocondensation of azoesters of type (I), (IV), and (VII) with pyridines, quinoline, and isoquinoline.
ChemInform Abstract: Lewis Acid Catalyzed Formation of 3‐Amino‐3‐carboxy‐tetrahydroquinoline Derivatives via Tandem 1,5‐Hydride Transfer/Cyclization Process.
Authors: Han Wen‐Yong , Zuo Jian , Wu Zhi‐Jun , Zhang Xiao‐Mei , Yuan Wei‐Cheng 
Published: November 2013

Abstract(Z)‐Alkylidene azlactones (I) and (IV) undergo a Sc(OTf)3‐catalyzed intramolecular tandem 1,5‐hydride transfer/cyclization sequence to yield 3‐amino‐3‐carboxy‐tetrahydroquinolines.
ChemInform Abstract: An Unexpected Dimroth Rearrangement Leading to Anellated Thieno[3,2‐d][1,2,3]triazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidines with Potent Antitumor Activity.
Authors: Lauria Antonino , Patella Chiara , Abbate Ilenia , Martorana Annamaria , Almerico Anna Maria 
Published: November 2013

AbstractCompounds (I) undergo an unexpected Dimroth rearrangement under basic conditions to give mainly the linear fused isomers (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Synthesis of 2‐ and 5‐Trifluoromethyl‐ or 2‐ and 5‐Difluoromethylpyrazolo[1,5‐c]pyrimidines Based on 7,7,7‐Trifluoro‐ or 7,7‐Difluoro‐2,4,6‐trioxoheptanoic and 6‐Trifluoromethyl‐ or 6‐Difluoromethylcomanic Acids.
Authors: Usachev B. I. , Obydennov D. L. , Sosnovskikh V. Ya. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractFluoromethylcomanic acid derivatives (I) react with aminoguanidine to furnish predominantly 5‐fluoromethylpyrazolopyrimidines (III), whilst the reaction of the open‐chain synthetic equivalent (IV) with aminoguanidine permits regioselective access to 2‐fluoromethylpyrazolopyrimidines such as (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Direct C—H Sulfenylation of Purines and Deazapurines.
Authors: Klecka Martin , Pohl Radek , Cejka Jan , Hocek Michal 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn purines (VI), the title reaction proceeds selectively in position 8, in 7‐deazapurines (I) in position 7, and in 9‐deazapurines (IV) in position 9, leading to novel arylsulfanyl derivatives of purine or deazapurine bases.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Electronic Properties of 3,7‐Dianilino Substituted N‐Hexyl Phenothiazines.
Authors: Pereteanu Iani S. , Mueller Thomas J. J. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractTitle compounds are synthesized via two‐fold Buchwald—Hartwig coupling of dibromophenothiazine (I) with a series of primary and secondary anilines and amines.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Pyrazolo[1,5‐a][1,3,5]triazine Derivatives as Inhibitors of Thymidine Phosphorylase.
Authors: Sun Lingyi , Bera Hriday , Chui Wai Keung 
Published: November 2013

Abstract52 compounds are synthesized and screened for their thymidine phosphorylase inhibition activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Zahramycins A—B, Two New Steroids from the Coral Sarcophyton trocheliophorum.
Authors: Shaaban Mohamed , Ghani Mohamed A. , Shaaban Khaled A. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe two new steroids zahramycins A (I) and B (II) are isolated from the coral Sarcophyton trocheliophorum.
ChemInform Abstract: Cincholenines A and B, Two Unprecedented Quinoline Alkaloids from Cinchona ledgeriana.
Authors: Cheng Gui‐Guang , Zhang Yu , Cai Xiang‐Hai , Bao Mei‐Fen , Gu Ji , Li Yan , Liu Ning , Liu Ya‐Ping , Luo Xiao‐Dong 
Published: November 2013

AbstractCincholenines A (Ia) and B (Ib) are evaluated for their cytotoxicity against several human cancer cell lines as well as for their antimalarial potency.
ChemInform Abstract: Casuarines A and B, Lycopodium Alkaloids from Lycopodium casuarinoides.
Authors: Liu Fei , Wu Xing‐De , He Juan , Deng Xu , Peng Li‐Yan , Luo Huai‐Rong , Zhao Qin‐Shi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA phytochemical study on Lycopodium casuarinoides leads to the isolation of two new C16N2‐type Lycopodium alkaloids, casuarine A (I), a cage‐like structure featured with a fused 6/6/6/6/6 pentacyclic ring system, and casuarine B (II).
Investigation of Powder Particle Adhesion on Structured Surfaces Using the Vibration Method
Authors: Hartmüller Jürgen , Rudolph Martin , Weiler Rouven , Ripperger Siegfried 
Published: November 2013

AbstractDie Vibrationsmethode ermöglicht die schnelle und effiziente Ermittlung von Partikelhaftkraftverteilungen zwischen strukturierten Oberflächen und pulverförmigem Schüttgut unter dem Einfluss verschiedener atmosphärischer Bedingungen. In diesem Beitrag werden die Haftkräfte von Fließmittel‐beschichtetem Stärkepulver auf Druckpapier bei verschiedenen relativen Luftfeuchten untersucht und mit Modellen der Partikelhaftung infolge von van‐der‐Waals‐Kräften und von Flüssigkeitsbrücken verglichen.
Tailoring Small Molecules for an Allosteric Site on Procaspase‐6
Authors: Murray Jeremy , Giannetti Anthony M. , Steffek Micah , Gibbons Paul , Hearn Brian R. , Cohen Frederick , Tam Christine , Pozniak Christine , Bravo Brandon , Lewcock Joe , Jaishankar Priyadarshini , Ly Cuong Q. , Zhao Xianrui , Tang Yinyan , Chugha Preeti , Arkin Michelle R. , Flygare John , Renslo Adam R. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAlthough they represent attractive therapeutic targets, caspases have so far proven recalcitrant to the development of drugs targeting the active site. Allosteric modulation of caspase activity is an alternate strategy that potentially avoids the need for anionic and electrophilic functionality present in most active‐site inhibitors. Caspase‐6 has been implicated in neurodegenerative disease, including Huntington’s and Alzheimer’s diseases. Herein we describe a fragment‐based lead discovery effort focused on caspase‐6 in its active and zymogen forms. Fragments were identified for procaspase‐6 using surface plasmon resonance methods and subsequently shown by X‐ray crystallography to bind a putative allosteric site at the dimer interface. A fragment‐merging strategy was employed to produce nanomolar‐affinity ligands that contact residues in the L2 loop at the dimer interface, significantly stabilizing procaspase‐6. Because rearrangement of the L2 loop is required for caspase‐6 activation, our results suggest a strategy for the allosteric control of caspase activation with drug‐like small molecules.
Crystal growth, structure and spectroscopic studies of a novel organic single crystal: L‐lysine p‐nitrophenolate monohydrate (LLNP)
Authors: Wang Lei , Zhang Guanghui , Liu Xitao , Wang Xinqiang , Wang Luning , Zhu Luyi , Xu Dong 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA novel organic crystal, L‐lysine p‐nitrophenolate monohydrate (LLNP) has been grown successfully from an aqueous solution by the slow cooling method. Transparent single crystal of dimensions 22 × 12 × 12 mm3 has been obtained. The single crystal X‐ray diffraction has shown that LLNP belongs to the orthorhombic crystallographic system with space group P212121. The functional groups and vibrational frequencies of the crystal have been identified using IR and Raman spectra. The proton and carbon configurations have been confirmed through 1H‐NMR and 13C‐NMR spectra analyses. The UV‐Vis‐NIR transmittance spectrum for LLNP crystal has been recorded in the range from 200 to 2500 nm. The second harmonic generation (SHG) intensity of LLNP has been measured by powder SHG method and found to be as 4.2 times as that of KDP. The thermal properties have been studied by using thermo gravimetric (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA).
IP‐FCM platform detects the existence and regulator‐caused dissociation of components in naturally assembled HSP90 complex
Authors: Cao Fan‐Fan , Xu Li‐Min , Zhang Xue , Wang Ying , Li Mao‐Quan , Uzan Georges , Peng Bin , Zhang Deng‐Hai 
Published: November 2013

AbstractFlow cytometry, in conjunction with immunoprecipitation (IP‐FCM), is suggested to have some advantages to conventional IP‐western blot technology in analyzing protein complexes. In this paper, to further examine its practicability, we test the use of IP‐FCM in detecting the HSP90 complex, which has gained importance in drug research and development and involves more than a dozen components. We found that IP‐FCM could effectively detect HSP70, p23, Cdc37, and Cdk6 components in the HSP90 complex naturally formed in U937 cells when this complex was captured by anti‐HSP90 antibody‐coated polystyrene microspheres. IP‐FCM could also detect alteration in components caused by treating cells with HSP90 inhibitors. In a cell‐free environment, IP‐FCM could detect the direct effects of ATP and/or HSP90 inhibitors (17‐N‐allylamino‐17‐demethoxygeldanamycin or celastrol) in causing component dissociation and the time‐ and dose‐effects of inhibitor‐caused dissociation. IP‐FCM is a practical and powerful platform for analyzing HSP90 complex components, and is thus a useful tool in studying HSP90 complex function and screening inhibitors. © 2013 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Cochrane in context: Monoclonal antibody for reducing the risk of respiratory syncytial virus infection in children
Authors: Andabaka Tea , Rojas‐Reyes Maria Ximena 
Published: November 2013

AbstractCochrane Review: Monoclonal antibody for reducing the risk of respiratory syncytial virus infection in children Andabaka T, Nickerson JW, Rojas‐Reyes MX, Rueda JD, Bacic Vrca V, Barsic B. Monoclonal antibody for reducing the risk of respiratory syncytial virus infection in children. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2013, Issue 4. Art. No.: CD006602. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006602.pub4This companion piece to the review, “Monoclonal antibody for reducing the risk of respiratory syncytial virus infection in children,” contains the following pieces:

The abstract of the review
A commentary from one or more of the review authors, explaining why the review team felt the review was an important one to produce
A review of clinical practice guidelines from the American Academy of Pediatrics, the Canadian Paediatric Society and the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), United Kingdom
Some other recently published references on this topic
Corticosteroids for the prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants: an overview of Cochrane reviews
Authors: Harrold J. , Ali S. , Oleszczuk M. , Lacaze‐Masmonteil T. , Hartling L. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackgroundBronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is an important complication associated with considerable morbidity in preterm infants. Corticosteroids in various regimens have been tried out to prevent BPD.ObjectiveTo examine the evidence from Cochrane systematic reviews regarding the effectiveness and associated complications of corticosteroids used to prevent BPD	in preterm infants.MethodsThe Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews was searched to identify reviews of corticosteroids for BPD in preterm infants. Data were extracted by one investigator, and checked by a second investigator for accuracy. Results are presented as risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). We considered <8 days as early and >7 days as late administration.Main resultsSix reviews (67 trials and 6535 patients) were included and covered three main comparisons: inhaled corticosteroids versus placebo, inhaled versus systemic corticosteroids and systemic corticosteroids versus placebo. Systemic corticosteroids compared with placebo significantly reduced the incidence of BPD (early: RR 0.79, 95% CI 0.71–0.88; late: RR 0.72, 95% CI 0.63–0.82), and BPD or mortality (early: RR 0.89, 95% CI 0.84–0.95; late: RR 0.72, 95% CI 0.63–0.82) at 36 weeks post‐menstrual age. Similar results were observed for these outcomes assessed at 28 days of life at which time there was additionally a reduction in mortality (late: RR 0.49, 95% CI 0.28–0.85). There was a higher incidence of cerebral palsy associated with systemic corticosteroids compared with placebo when initiated early (RR 1.45, 95% CI 1.06–1.98). No differences in neurodisability based on Bayley Mental or Psychomotor Developmental Index scores were observed for inhaled or systemic corticosteroids compared with placebo. Hypertension was significantly increased in association with systemic corticosteroids versus placebo (early: RR 1.85, 95% CI 1.55–2.22; late: RR 2.66, 95% CI 1.58–4.49) as were gastrointestinal (GI) perforations when treatment was initiated early (RR 1.81, 95% CI 1.33–2.48).Author's ConclusionSystemic corticosteroids decrease BPD and early mortality in premature infants but have a risk of complications, particularly when initiated in the first week of life. Owing to the wide range of dosing protocols, timing of initiation, doses and duration of therapy in the included reviews, it is difficult to determine, based on the evidence examined in this overview, a protocol that is both safe and effective. Further research should focus on determining the most effective dose and timing of corticosteroid administration beyond the first week of life to maximize benefit in decreasing BPD and mortality while avoiding short‐ and long‐term harms.
Push‐Pull Design of Bis(tridentate) Ruthenium(II) Polypyridine Chromophores as Deep Red Light Emitters in Light‐Emitting Electrochemical Cells
Authors: Breivogel Aaron , Park Myeongjin , Lee Donggu , Klassen Stefanie , Kühnle Angelika , Lee Changhee , Char Kookheon , Heinze Katja 
Published: November 2013

AbstractLight‐emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) with a simple device structure were prepared by using heteroleptic bis(tridentate) ruthenium(II) complexes [1](PF6)2–[3](PF6)2 as emitters. The push‐pull substitution shifts the emission energy to low energy, into the NIR region. The devices emit deep red light up to a maximum emission wavelength of 755 nm [CIE (International Commission on Illumination) coordinates: x = 0.731, y = 0.269 for [3](PF6)2], which, to the best of our knowledge, is the lowest emission energy for LECs containing bis(tridentate) ruthenium(II) complexes. A device structure of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/ruthenium(II) complex/Ag was used, and the thickness of the emitting layer was measured by AFM [ITO: indium tin oxide, PEDOT: poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene), PSS: poly(styrenesulfonate), AFM: atomic force microscopy]. To enhance the external quantum efficiency (EQE), cells were fabricated with and without poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) as additive in the emitting layer.
Ring‐Opening/Ring‐Closing Protocols from Nitrothiophenes: Easy Access to N‐Fused Pyrroles through a Tandem 1,6‐H Shift/6π‐Electrocyclization
Authors: Bianchi Lara , Maccagno Massimo , Petrillo Giovanni , Scapolla Carlo , Tavani Cinzia , Tirocco Alessandra 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe ring opening of 3‐nitro‐4‐(phenylsulfonyl)thiophene with amines and proper modification of the resulting 1,3‐diene enables a simple and versatile approach to N‐fused pyrroles of both synthetic and biological interest through 1,6‐H shift followed by 6π 1,5‐electrocyclization. This protocol is effectively driven to the isolated pyrroles by an easy aromatization.
Determination of column size for displacement‐based design of reinforced concrete frame buildings
Authors: Mayengbam S. S. , Choudhury S. 
Published: November 2013

SUMMARYThis article reports a method to determine the storey‐wise column size for displacement‐based design of reinforced concrete frame buildings with a wide range of storey drift and building plan. The method uses a computer program based algorithm. The basic relation used in the algorithm is formulated by considering the various possible deformation components involved in the overall frame deformation. As a necessity to represent the deformation component due to plastic rotation of beam members, a relation between the beam plastic rotation and the target‐drift is adopted. To control the dynamic amplification of interstorey drift, a target‐drift dependant design‐drift reduction factor is used. The dynamic amplification of column moment is accounted with the help of an approximate conversion of fundamental period of the building from the effective period of the equivalent SDOF system. To avoid the formation of plastic hinge in column members, a design‐drift dependant column–beam moment capacity ratio is used. The method successfully determines the storey‐wise column size for buildings of four plans of different varieties, heights up to 12 storeys and target‐drift up to 3%. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A method for meta‐analysis of genome searches: Application to simulated data
Authors: Wise Lesley H. , Lewis Cathryn M. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractGenome searches have been performed for many complex traits, and in some cases several searches have been performed in a single disease. Replication of significant results is rare, and a systematic method of reviewing results from a number of searches is needed. A method for meta‐analysis is presented which provides a systematic descriptive overview of the separate analyses while dealing with some of the problems specific to meta‐analysis of genome searches. The results of two separate meta‐analyses correctly indicate the presence of susceptibility loci on chromosomes 1, 3, and 5 in the GAW11 Problem 2 data.