bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photoreceptor Layer Changes Overlying Drusen in Eyes with Age-Related Macular Degeneration Associated with Vitreomacular Traction
Authors: Theodossiadis Panagiotis G. , Theodoropoulou Sofia , Stamatiou Polixeni , Datseris Ioannis , Theodossiadis George P. 
Published: June 2014

Purpose To investigate by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) changes of photoreceptor layers over drusen in cases of dry type age-related macular degeneration associated with vitreomacular traction (VMT). Methods Clinical examination, fluorescein angiography, fundus photography, and SD-OCT data were retrospectively studied for a consecutive series of 27 patients with drusen, pseudodrusen, and VMT. Control groups of 32 patients with VMT without drusen and 34 patients with drusen and pseudodrusen without VMT were also studied. Results The examination revealed disruption of the line corresponding to the inner segment ellipsoid (ISel), previously called inner segment/outer segment junction, of photoreceptor layer, and development of cystoid edema in significantly higher incidence in VMT associated with drusen group. 22 out of 32 eyes with VMT and drusen (68.75%) had disrupted ISel, compared to 8 out of 37 (21.6%) control eyes with drusen only and to 12 out of 37 (32.4%) control eyes with VMT only. Chi-square analysis showed significant association between drusen and pseudodrusen on fovea, VMT, and localization of ISel disruption. The changes of the ISel were mainly found in the area that corresponded to VMT. The SD-OCT revealed drusen throughout the macula and discontinuation of ISel only in the fovea in 4 of 32 (12.5%) eyes with VMT, whereas none of 37 control eyes with drusen only had similar appearance. Conclusions The drusen in association with the cystoid macular edema induced by vitreous traction contribute to the photoreceptor layer defect overlying drusen in the fovea. In addition, the number of drusen and pseudodrusen was increased in the area of the vitreous traction compared to the peripheral retina.
Target Refraction for Best Uncorrected Distance and near Vision in Cataract Surgery
Authors: Schuster Alexander K. , Schlichtenbrede Frank C. , Harder Björn C. , Beutelspacher Sven C. , Jonas Jost B. 
Published: June 2014

Purpose To assess the target refractive error after cataract surgery to achieve best uncorrected visual acuity for both distance vision and reading vision. Methods The study included patients consecutively undergoing routine phacoemulsification with clear corneal incisions and implantation of a foldable monofocal intraocular lens (IOL). Uncorrected distance visual acuity (UCDVA), best-corrected distance visual acuity (BCDVA), uncorrected near visual acuity (UCNVA,) and best-corrected near visual acuity were measured at 93 ± 47 days (minimum 4 weeks) after surgery. Inclusion criteria were a postoperative cylindrical refractive error ≤1.5 D and an unremarkable postoperative status. Results The study included 493 eyes of 493 patients with a mean age of 74.2 ± 8.7 years and mean axial length 23.4 ± 1.1 mm. The UCDVA significantly (p<0.001) increased with decreasing myopic refractive error (spherical equivalent) towards emmetropia and then significantly (p<0.001) decreased with increasing hyperopic refractive error. The UCNVA significantly (p<0.001) decreased with decreasing myopic and increasing hyperopic refractive error. The ascending UCDVA line and the descending UCNVA line intersected in the refractive error range (spherical equivalent) of −1.00 D to −1.50 D. For patients with a BCDVA of ≥20/25, the lines of UCDVA and UCNVA intersected at a UCDVA range between 20/40 (logMAR 0.30; −1.5 D) and 20/32 (logMAR 0.26; −1.0 D) and at a UCNVA range between Jaeger 3 (logMAR 0.26) and Jaeger 4 (logMAR 0.32). Conclusions For routine unilateral cataract surgery with implantation of monofocal IOLs, target refractive error to achieve best uncorrected distance and near vision was in the range of −1.00 D to −1.50 D (spherical equivalent).
The Influence of Retinal Blood Flow on Open-angle Glaucoma in Patients with and without Diabetes
Authors: Lee Eric , Harris Alon , Siesky Brent , Schaab Tara , McIntyre Nathaniel , Tobe Leslie Abrams , Ling John 
Published: June 2014

Purpose To evaluate the impact of retinal blood flow on optic nerve head (ONH) morphology in patients with open-angle glaucoma (OAG) with and without diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods A total of 66 patients with OAG (14 with DM, 52 without DM) were assessed at baseline and 3-year follow-up for retinal capillary blood flow using confocal scanning laser Doppler and ocular structure using Heidelberg retinal tomography and optical coherence tomography. Results Change in retinal tissue with zero blood flow in the superior and inferior retina was found to have a strong correlation with ONH changes in diabetic patients (r≥0.90, p≤0.03); however, no relation was found in the nondiabetic cohort. There were also significant changes in inferior mean flow that strongly correlated with changes in cup area (r = 0.97, p = 0.0029), cup/disc area ratio (r = 0.96, p = 0.0070), linear cup/disc ratio (r = 0.93, p = 0.0172), rim area (r = −0.97, p = 0.0036), and rim volume (r = −0.95, p = 0.0084) in diabetic patients only, while changes in the superior mean flow were only significantly associated with cup area (r = −0.30, p = 0.0498), cup volume (r = −0.36, p = 0.0178), and rim volume (r = 0.35, p = 0.0193) in nondiabetic patients. Conclusions In this cohort of patients with OAG, changes in retinal capillary blood flow correlated more strongly with changes in ONH morphology in patients with DM than in those without DM. These data suggest that changes in retinal blood flow may play a larger role in glaucomatous ONH progression in patients with OAG with DM.
On-line Pachymetry Outcome of Ablation in Aberration Free Mode TransPRK
Authors: Adib-Moghaddam Soheil , Arba-Mosquera Samuel , Salmanian Bahram , Omidvari Amir-Houshang , Noorizadeh Farsad 
Published: June 2014

Purpose There are many independent factors that influence the outcome of refractive surgeries, consisting of patient characteristics and environmental factors. We studied the accuracy of central ablation depth compared to online pachymetry results. Methods A total of 153 eyes that underwent TransPRK at Bina Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran, were evaluated from November 2010 to January 2012 in a retrospective cross-sectional study. The relevant data were registered and bivariate correlations and linear regression association were investigated statistically. Results The mean age was 29 ± 5 years. Distribution of refractive errors was as follows: compound myopic astigmatism 123 (80.4%), simple myopia 24 (15.7%), and mixed astigmatism 6 (3.9%). Mean ambient temperature and humidity levels intraoperatively were 23.49 ± 1.16°C and 28.91 ± 6.16%, respectively. There was a significant difference (p<0.001) between the preassumed central ablation depth (131.68 ± 32.72 μm) and the net level of ablation depth (measured by online pachymetry, 168.04 ± 41.47 μm). Temperature and humidity levels were not in any statistically significant correlation with the net amount of difference found. The backward linear regression was done to reveal the association between ablation depth and several variables. Conclusions This study showed that there is deviation in optical coherence pachymetry online measurements done with SCHWIND AMARIS laser. Ambient temperature and humidity levels intraoperatively do not influence the outcome. However, basic structural characteristics of patients along with change in refractive index and corneal shrinkage because of corneal dehydration are associated with the differences.
An Innovative Intrastromal Keratoprosthesis Surgery Assisted by Femtosecond Laser
Authors: Alio Jorge L. , Abbouda Alessandro , Vega-Estrada Alfredo 
Published: June 2014

Purpose To demonstrate the surgical application of a new model of epidescemetic keratoprosthesis. Methods A 53-year-old man was referred to our center with severe alkali burns in both eyes and was treated by a combined corneal graft associated with KeraKlear implantation assisted by femtosecond laser and cataract surgery with implantation of an intraocular lens. Results After 1 month, visual acuity was 0.6 logMAR in both eyes with −2 sphere correction. Slit-lamp examination and anterior segment optical coherence tomography revealed that the device was centered in the pupil area with no infection. No sign of extrusion was detected. Conclusions The advantage of this device is that it involves nonperforating surgery, thus reducing the postoperative risk of infection and necrosis of tissue around the prosthesis. Large-scale studies with a long follow-up period are required to evaluate the outcome of use of this device.
Entre nationalisme et socialisme : Raoul Roy (1914-1996) et les origines d’un premier indépendantisme socialiste au Québec, 1935-1965
Authors: Lapointe Mathieu 
Published: June 2014

Contribution à une histoire approfondie des débuts de l’indépendantisme, cet article présente l’étonnant parcours idéologique de Raoul Roy (1914-1996), fondateur des deux premières institutions de l’indépendantisme de gauche, La Revue socialiste (1959-1965) et l'Action socialiste pour l’indépendance du Québec (ASIQ, 1960-C.1963). Jeune autodidacte campagnard ballotté par la Crise, Roy se dit « séparatiste » à la fin des années 1930 et prône le fascisme comme moyen de libération des Canadiens français, tout en étant attiré par le communisme. Militant après la Deuxième Guerre mondiale dans le mouvement communiste (Parti ouvrier-progressiste) sans nécessairement avoir à renier son nationalisme, il fondera à la fin des années 1950 l’indépendantisme de gauche en élaborant une première version de l’indépendantisme socialiste de décolonisation, dans laquelle le nationalisme prime nettement le socialisme.
Le ciel aux enfers. L’hétérodoxie religieuse au Séminaire de Québec du XVIIe au XVIIIe siècle
Authors: Drouin Sébastien , Tran Lan 
Published: June 2014

Trop longtemps, l’érudition européenne en Nouvelle-France fut délaissée par l’historiographie québécoise. Même si quelques études ont tracé le profil sommaire des diverses bibliothèques qui constituent le fonds ancien du Séminaire de Québec, « l’Enfer » de cette institution demeure méconnu. C’est à ce titre qu’on se propose de mettre en lumière un aspect déterminant de l’histoire du livre sous le régime français en interrogeant la présence de littérature janséniste et protestante dans ce fonds précis. En proposant une histoire théologique du livre ancien aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles, cette étude porte attention à l’écho des polémiques faisant rage en Europe afin de vérifier, entre autres choses, si la présence d’hétérodoxies religieuses dans la colonie tient du fait ou de la fable.
Les Canadiens français, l’histoire et la démocratie : l’interprétation de Pierre Elliott Trudeau
Authors: Ouellette Mélanie 
Published: June 2014

Pierre Trudeau s’emploie à dresser, au cours de la décennie 1950, un portrait fort critique de l’état de la démocratie au Canada français. À son avis, le peuple canadien-français a, de tout temps, fait de la démocratie une tactique, plutôt qu’un instrument privilégié de développement social. D’où, pour l’auteur, une tendance marquée chez les francophones à l’immoralisme social et politique, à la corruption et aux manigances électorales. Parce qu’ils ont en quelque sorte hérité du régime démocratique, qu’ils n’ont pas eu à combattre pour celui-ci, les Canadiens français n’ont jamais pu véritablement l’assimiler. Ils ont plutôt perverti le système, aidés en ce sens tantôt par le conquérant anglais, bien décidé à profiter de cette méconnaissance démontrée par la minorité vaincue, tantôt par l’Église catholique, pour qui la démocratie allait de pair avec socialisme, révolution, athéisme... Pour Trudeau, le temps est venu, à la fin des années 1950, de jeter aux orties ces anciens préjugés, pour enfin accueillir un régime véritablement démocratique, libéré de l’influence néfaste de ses détracteurs.
Une figure du catholicisme social canadien-français de l’entre-deux-guerres : le père Joseph-Papin Archambault, s.j.
Authors: Boily Frédéric 
Published: June 2014

Le père Joseph-Papin Archambault, s.j. (1880-1966) est avant tout un homme d’action qui s’implique dans de nombreux mouvements comme l’École sociale populaire, dont il est le directeur de 1929 à 1959. Figure centrale du catholicisme social, le père Archambault, un Jésuite, a une conception « offensive » du catholicisme. S’inspirant des encycliques papales, il mène une lutte acharnée contre la doctrine communiste, mais aussi contre le libéralisme et l’individualisme. Ces derniers sont accusés d’avoir plongé la société des années trente dans une grave crise qui serait morale avant d’être économique. Pour la surmonter, Archambault propose une réforme spirituelle, laquelle devrait conduire à celle des institutions ainsi qu’à l’établissement du corporatisme. Enfin, il croit à l’indissolubilité du lien entre le catholicisme et le nationalisme.
Harry Bernard (1898-1979) : érudit et homme de lettres
Authors: Gaudreau Guy , Tremblay Micheline 
Published: June 2014

Cet article trace la biographie du journaliste Harry Bernard (1898-1979). À partir du dépouillement de sa volumineuse correspondance, déposée à la Bibliothèque nationale du Québec, et des nombreux articles qu’il publia au cours de sa carrière au Droit et au Courrier de Saint-Hyacinthe, le portrait esquissé dévoile un itinéraire professionnel complexe où se juxtaposent des écrits de toutes sortes. Sa biographie constitue une contribution originale à l’étude de l’évolution des idées au Canada français entre 1920 et 1960. Aujourd’hui totalement oublié — sauf de quelques historiens littéraires —, Harry Bernard reste toutefois un important érudit et homme de lettres de son époque.
L’aventure artistique du peintre de Saint-Denys Garneau
Authors: Huot Giselle 
Published: June 2014

De Saint-Denys Garneau (1912-1943) a voulu originellement déployer son œuvre en un diptyque littéraire et pictural. Nous tentons une reconstitution de l’aventure du peintre, de l’éclosion de son désir, en passant par ses études de dessin à l’École des beaux-arts de Montréal (1924-1927) où il côtoie les Palardy, Jori Smith, Borduas et Lemieux. Il retrouve les trois derniers à l’atelier de Holgate où il s’exerce à l’art du nu (1932). Il s’astreint à une formation personnelle — puisque la quête artistique est basée sur la quête ontologique et sur la culture générale — et ambitionne d’être le premier à « renouveler l’art du paysage » et aussi de participer à un mouvement de renaissance artistique en son pays. Il se lie plus tard avec d’autres peintres dont Muhlstock et Lyman et des critiques d’art. Puis, vient l’abandon de la peinture qui suit celle de l’écriture (1937). Sa quête artistique se mue ou encore est englobée dans une aventure spirituelle et religieuse qui a préséance jusqu’à la fin de sa vie. S’il n’a pas eu le temps de développer un style propre contrairement aux autres peintres de sa connaissance, son œuvre picturale n’est pas sans mérite. Parallèlement à l’œuvre du peintre exposée à plusieurs reprises depuis 1993 et reproduite dans deux albums (1993 et 2001) qui illustre surtout le paysagiste, d’autres œuvres sont encore inconnues du public, dont une série de fusains produits aux Beaux-Arts et de nus à l’atelier de Holgate ainsi que des portraits, par celui dont Jean-Paul Lemieux se remémorant sa jeunesse en 1967 rappelle qu’il « dessinait très bien ».
Variability of alkalinity and the alkalinity‐salinity relationship in the tropical and subtropical surface ocean
Authors: Jiang Zong‐Pei , Tyrrell Toby , Hydes David J. , Dai Minhan , Hartman Susan E. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe variability of total alkalinity (TA) and its relationship with salinity in the tropical and subtropical surface ocean were examined using data collected in various marine environments from a ship of opportunity. In the open ocean regions of the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans, sea surface TA variability was observed to be mainly controlled by the simple dilution or concentration (SDC) effect of precipitation and evaporation, and the measured concentrations of TA agreed well with those predicted from salinity and temperature. Non‐SDC changes in alkalinity in ocean margins and inland seas were examined by comparing the salinity‐normalized alkalinity with that of the open ocean end‐member. Non‐SDC alkalinity additions to the western North Atlantic margin, eastern North Pacific margin, and Mediterranean Sea were identified, which mainly resulted from river inputs and shelf currents. In contrast, removal of TA through formation and sedimentation of calcium carbonate was observed to be an important control in the Red Sea. The concentration of the river end‐member can only be reliably derived from the y intercept of TA‐S regression (TAS0) in river‐dominated systems such as estuaries and river plumes. In coastal regions where other processes (evaporation, shelf currents, upwelling, calcification, etc.) are more influential, TAS0 can significantly deviate from the river water concentration and hence be an unreliable indicator of it. Negative values of TAS0 can result from non‐SDC TA removal at the low salinity end (relative to the salinity of the oceanic end‐member) and/or non‐SDC TA addition at high salinities (as occurs in the Mediterranean Sea).
The CloudSat radar‐lidar geometrical profile product (RL‐GeoProf): Updates, improvements, and selected results
Authors: Mace Gerald G. , Zhang Qiuqing 
Published: June 2014

AbstractDerived by combining data from the CloudSat radar and the CALIPSO lidar, the so‐called radar‐lidar geometrical profile product (RL‐GeoProf) allows for characterization of the vertical and spatial structure of hydrometeor layers. RL‐GeoProf is one of the standard data products of the CloudSat Project. In this paper we describe updates to the RL‐GeoProf algorithm. These improvements include a significant fix to the CALIPSO Vertical Feature Mask (VFM) that more accurately renders the occurrence frequencies of low‐level clouds over the global oceans. Additionally, we now account for the navigational challenges associated with coordinated measurements of the two instruments by providing additional diagnostic information in the data files. We also document how the along‐track averaging of the VFM influences the accuracy of RL‐GeoProf. We find that the 5 km averaged VFM when merged with data from the CloudSat radar provides a global description of cloud occurrence that best matches an independently derived cloud mask from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MYD35) over daytime global oceans. Expanding on the comparison with MYD35, we demonstrate that RL‐GeoProf and MYD35 closely track the monthly averaged cloud occurrence fraction during a 4 year span of measurements. A more detailed examination reveals latitudinal dependency in the comparison. Specifically, MYD35 tends to be significantly low biased relative to RL‐GeoProf over the Polar Regions when cloud layers present low visible and thermal contrast with underlying surfaces. Additional analyses examine the geometrically defined hydrometeor layer occurrence climatologies over select regions of the Earth and the seasonal variations of low‐based and low‐topped cloud cover.
Spectral derivative analysis of solar spectroradiometric measurements: Theoretical basis
Authors: Hansell R. A. , Tsay S.‐C. , Pantina P. , Lewis J. R. , Ji Q. , Herman J. R. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractSpectral derivative analysis, a commonly used tool in analytical spectroscopy, is described for studying cirrus clouds and aerosols using hyperspectral, remote sensing data. The methodology employs spectral measurements from the 2006 Biomass‐burning Aerosols in Southeast Asia field study to demonstrate the approach. Spectral peaks associated with the first two derivatives of measured/modeled transmitted spectral fluxes are examined in terms of their shapes, magnitudes, and positions from 350 to 750 nm, where variability is largest. Differences in spectral features between media are mainly associated with particle size and imaginary term of the complex refractive index. Differences in derivative spectra permit cirrus to be conservatively detected at optical depths near the optical thin limit of ~0.03 and yield valuable insight into the composition and hygroscopic nature of aerosols. Biomass‐burning smoke aerosols/cirrus generally exhibit positive/negative slopes, respectively, across the 500–700 nm spectral band. The effect of cirrus in combined media is to increase/decrease the slope as cloud optical thickness decreases/increases. For thick cirrus, the slope tends to 0. An algorithm is also presented which employs a two model fit of derivative spectra for determining relative contributions of aerosols/clouds to measured data, thus enabling the optical thickness of the media to be partitioned. For the cases examined, aerosols/clouds explain ~83%/17% of the spectral signatures, respectively, yielding a mean cirrus cloud optical thickness of 0.08 ± 0.03, which compared reasonably well with those retrieved from a collocated Micropulse Lidar Network Instrument (0.09 ± 0.04). This method permits extracting the maximum informational content from hyperspectral data for atmospheric remote sensing applications.
Effects of soot deposition on particle dynamics and microbial processes in marine surface waters
Authors: Mari Xavier , Lefèvre Jérôme , Torréton Jean‐Pascal , Bettarel Yvan , Pringault Olivier , Rochelle‐Newall Emma , Marchesiello Patrick , Menkes Christophe , Rodier Martine , Migon Christophe , Motegi Chiaki , Weinbauer Markus G. , Legendre Louis 
Published: June 2014

AbstractLarge amounts of soot are continuously deposited on the global ocean. Even though significant concentrations of soot particles are found in marine waters, the effects of these aerosols on ocean ecosystems are currently unknown. Using a combination of in situ and experimental data, and results from an atmospheric transport model, we show that the deposition of soot particles from an oil‐fired power plant impacted biogeochemical properties and the functioning of the pelagic ecosystem in tropical oligotrophic oceanic waters off New Caledonia. Deposition was followed by a major increase in the volume concentration of suspended particles, a change in the particle size spectra that resulted from a stimulation of aggregation processes, a 5% decrease in the concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), a decreases of 33 and 23% in viral and free bacterial abundances, respectively, and a factor ~2 increase in the activity of particle‐attached bacteria suggesting that soot introduced in the system favored bacterial growth. These patterns were confirmed by experiments with natural seawater conducted with both soot aerosols collected in the study area and standard diesel soot. The data suggest a strong impact of soot deposition on ocean surface particles, DOC, and microbial processes, at least near emission hot spots.
Recent unprecedented warming and oligotrophy of the eastern Mediterranean Sea within the last millennium
Authors: Sisma‐Ventura Guy , Yam Ruth , Shemesh Aldo 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe Mediterranean region is a climatic transitional zone between the subtropical/monsoon regime and the temperate westerlies and is subject to forces acting upon the global climate system. Much knowledge about its climate over the last millennium is derived from terrestrial records, whereas changes in sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and in the dissolved inorganic carbon pool (DIC) are poorly known. We present continuous high‐resolution reconstructions of SST and δ13CDIC in the eastern Mediterranean (EM) Sea, as inferred from oxygen and carbon isotope records from the skeletons of the reef builder gastropod Dendropoma sp. Spanning the past millennium, the SST reconstruction reveals a 250 year persistent warming trend during which the twentieth century was the warmest on record. Coupled with a distinct trend of 13CDIC depletion and superimposed upon decreased primary production, this climate reconstruction reflects a new state of the EM over the Anthropocene era that exceeds the natural variability of the last millennium.