bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electronic assessment of peri‐implant mucosal esthetics around three implant–abutment configurations: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Barwacz Christopher A. , Stanford Clark M. , Diehl Ursula A. , Qian Fang , Cooper Lyndon F. , Feine Jocelyne , McGuire Michael 
Published: June 2015

AbstractObjectivesTo objectively assess the influence that three different implant–abutment interface designs had on peri‐implant mucosal esthetics at 1 year post‐implant placement via the pink esthetic score (PES). Additionally, to demonstrate the novel employment of a tablet‐based digital imaging format to reliably assess and score clinical images as part of a multicenter clinical trial according to PES criteria.Materials and MethodsAdult subjects (n = 141) with healed tooth‐bound edentulous sites in the anterior maxilla as well as first premolar region were randomized to receive one of three different implant–abutment interface designs (conical interface = CI; flat‐to‐flat interface = FI; or platform switch interface = PS). Immediate provisionalization was performed with prefabricated titanium abutments, with definitive custom CAD/CAM zirconia abutments and all‐ceramic cement‐based crowns being delivered 12‐week post‐implant placement. Bilateral (anterior sites) or unilateral (premolar sites) digital clinical photographs were made at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months post‐implant placement. Five calibrated faculty evaluators of different clinical backgrounds scored images during a 4‐week timeframe on a standardized, tablet‐based, digital imaging format.ResultsSix hundred and forty‐nine clinical photographs were evaluated resulting in a total of 3245 sum PES values and 22,715 individual PES values. Faculty evaluator intra‐ and inter‐rater reliability was found to be “strong” (ICC = 0.84) and “substantial” (ICC = 0.64), respectively, demonstrating repeatability of both the PES, evaluator calibration, and standardization of tablet‐based scoring. All implant–abutment interface groups demonstrated significant improvements in mean sum PESs up to 1 year, with the largest improvement between restoration delivery and 6 months. No significant differences were found between groups in mean sum PESs both for individual study visits as well as for changes between study visits.ConclusionsNo significant differences in mean sum PESs were found between subjects randomized to three different implant–abutment interfaces. However, significant differences were found as a function of time for all three groups, with the largest improvement in mean sum PESs occurring between definitive abutment and restoration delivery and 6 months. Use of electronic, tablet‐based digital imaging scoring formats represents a novel and repeatable methodology for scoring PES images in large, multicenter clinical trials.
Student perceptions of a spiral curriculum
Authors: Coelho C. S. , Moles D. R. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was evaluation of constructive alignment of student perceptions to a spiral curriculum, as a pre‐requisite to successful learning.MethodA survey was undertaken to evaluate student thoughts and experiences of a spiral curriculum, by participation in an anonymous voluntary questionnaire. Students were asked to rate their thoughts on their understanding, perceived benefit of and confusion with their spiral curriculum at the current time and retrospectively during previous years, and to answer free‐text questions on the impact, effects on learning and future suggestions for their spiral curriculum.ResultsSixty (86%) students completed the questionnaire. Understanding the spiral curriculum worked enhanced with time, with the benefit of the spiral curriculum being felt more conclusively in the latter years, and the majority of students not being confused by the spiral curriculum. Those students who were most confused by the spiral curriculum were the ones who were least likely to appreciate its benefits. The opportunity for consolidation of previously visited knowledge was a perceived predominant advantage, with re‐visitation of topics helping to deepen understanding and learning. Clarity on the depth of knowledge at each stage prevents information overload. A spiral curriculum must spiral and not be a repetition of previously delivered topics.ConclusionsThis study provided insights into students' perceptions of an integrated spiral curriculum, and whilst predominantly positive, there are challenges to enhance the student experience. The spiral curriculum provides an opportunity to revisit and consolidate learning to the apparent benefit of the student.
Land use intensification alters ecosystem multifunctionality via loss of biodiversity and changes to functional composition
Authors: Allan Eric , Manning Pete , Alt Fabian , Binkenstein Julia , Blaser Stefan , Blüthgen Nico , Böhm Stefan , Grassein Fabrice , Hölzel Norbert , Klaus Valentin H. , Kleinebecker Till , Morris E. Kathryn , Oelmann Yvonne , Prati Daniel , Renner Swen C. , Rillig Matthias C. , Schaefer Martin , Schloter Michael , Schmitt Barbara , Schöning Ingo , Schrumpf Marion , Solly Emily , Sorkau Elisabeth , Steckel Juliane , Steffen‐Dewenter Ingolf , Stempfhuber Barbara , Tschapka Marco , Weiner Christiane N. , Weisser Wolfgang W. , Werner Michael , Westphal Catrin , Wilcke Wolfgang , Fischer Markus 
Published: June 2015

AbstractGlobal change, especially land‐use intensification, affects human well‐being by impacting the delivery of multiple ecosystem services (multifunctionality). However, whether biodiversity loss is a major component of global change effects on multifunctionality in real‐world ecosystems, as in experimental ones, remains unclear. Therefore, we assessed biodiversity, functional composition and 14 ecosystem services on 150 agricultural grasslands differing in land‐use intensity. We also introduce five multifunctionality measures in which ecosystem services were weighted according to realistic land‐use objectives. We found that indirect land‐use effects, i.e. those mediated by biodiversity loss and by changes to functional composition, were as strong as direct effects on average. Their strength varied with land‐use objectives and regional context. Biodiversity loss explained indirect effects in a region of intermediate productivity and was most damaging when land‐use objectives favoured supporting and cultural services. In contrast, functional composition shifts, towards fast‐growing plant species, strongly increased provisioning services in more inherently unproductive grasslands.
Oral malodour among adolescents and its association with health behaviour and oral health status
Authors: Rani H , Ueno M , Zaitsu T , Kawaguchi Y 
Published: June 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo assess oral malodour level and its association with health behaviour, oral health behaviour and oral health status among adolescents.MethodA questionnaire survey and clinical examination that included tongue coating and oral malodour status were conducted on 665 senior high school students in Saitama, Japan. Analyses of Pearson chi‐square, independent samplest‐test and logistic regression were conducted usingSPSS19.0 with the significance level set atP < 0.05.ResultsThere were 173 (26.0%) subjects who had oral malodour and 54.7% of subjects reported they were conscious of their own oral malodour. Logistic regression analysis showed that subjects who skipped breakfast were 1.7 times more likely to have oral malodour than those who had breakfast. Subjects who did not have the habit of cleaning their tongue daily were also 1.7 times more likely to have oral malodour compared to those who had the habit. The odds of having oral malodour increased as the area of tongue coating widened.ConclusionTongue coating, daily tongue cleaning and breakfast are significant factors for oral malodour among adolescents. Proper tongue coating management together with other healthy lifestyle behaviours, especially having breakfast, should be advocated in adolescents' health education.
Oxidative and proteolysis‐related parameters of skeletal muscle from hamsters with experimental pulmonary emphysema: a comparison between papain and elastase induction
Authors: Brunnquell Cláudia R. , Vieira Nichelle A. , Sábio Laís R. , Sczepanski Felipe , Cecchini Alessandra L. , Cecchini Rubens , Guarnier Flávia A. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryThe objective of this study was to investigate whether emphysema induced by elastase or papain triggers the same effects on skeletal muscle, related to oxidative stress and proteolysis, in hamsters. For this purpose, we evaluated pulmonary lesions, body weight, muscle loss, oxidative stress (thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances, total and oxidized glutathiones, chemiluminescence stimulated by tert‐butyl hydroperoxide and carbonyl proteins), chymotrypsin‐like and calpain‐like proteolytic activities and muscle fibre cross‐sectional area in the gastrocnemius muscles of emphysemic hamsters. Two groups of animals received different intratracheal inductions of experimental emphysema: by 40 mg/ml papain (EP) or 5.2 IU/100 g animal (EE) elastase (n = 10 animals/group). The control group received intratracheal instillation of 300 μl sterile NaCl 0.9%. Compared with the control group, the EP group had reduced muscle weight (18.34%) and the EE group had increased muscle weight (8.37%). Additionally, tert‐butyl hydroperoxide‐initiated chemiluminescence, carbonylated proteins and chymotrypsin‐like proteolytic activity were all elevated in the EP group compared to the CS group, while total glutathione was decreased compared to the EE group. The EE group showed more fibres with increased cross‐sectional areas and increased calpain‐like activity. Together, these data show that elastase and papain, when used to induce experimental models of emphysema, lead to different speeds and types of adaptation. These findings provide more information on choosing a suitable experimental model for studying skeletal muscle adaptations in emphysema.
Analysis of CCR5 and SDF‐1 genetic variants and HIV infection in Indian population
Authors: Gupta A. , Padh Harish 
Published: June 2015

SummaryHIV‐1 infection and progression exhibits interindividual variation. The polymorphism in the chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR4, the principal coreceptors for HIV‐1 and their ligands like SDF‐1 have a profound effect in altering the HIV‐1 disease progression rate. A single nucleotide polymorphism designated SDF1‐3′UTR‐801G‐A has been associated with resistance to HIV‐1 infection or delayed progression to AIDS. In this study, the SDF1‐3′A polymorphism, CCR5∆32 polymorphism and CCR5 promoter polymorphism at positions 58934 G/T, 59029 G/A, 59353 T/C, 59356 C/T, 59402 A/G and 59653 C/T were analysed in Indian population. The polymorphisms in HIV‐1 patients and healthy individuals were evaluated by conventional PCR, RFLP‐PCR and direct sequencing techniques. The CCR5∆32 mutant allele was found to be almost absent in Indian population. The analysis of the CCR5‐59356C/T polymorphism revealed a trend towards an association of the C allele with an increased risk of HIV‐1 infection. The frequency of allele CCR5‐59356C was higher in HIV‐1 patients (100%) as compared to healthy control subjects (89%, P = 0.003). The correlation of SDF1‐3′A and CCR5 promoter CCR5‐58934G/T, CCR5‐59029G/A, CCR5‐59353T/C, CCR5‐59402 A/G and CCR5‐59653C/T polymorphisms and protection to HIV‐1 infection and progression to AIDS was found to be nonsignificant. Nine haplotypes with more than 1% frequency were detected but were not significant in their protective role against HIV. Comparative analysis with global populations showed a noteworthy difference in CCR5 and SDF‐1 polymorphisms’ frequency distribution, indicating the ethnic variability of Indians. Although susceptibility to infections cannot be completely dependent on one or few genetic variants, it is important to remember that SDF‐1 and CCR5 variants have been correlated globally with HIV‐1 infection and disease progression. In the light of that, higher frequency of SDF‐1 variants in the Indian population is noteworthy.
Safety and performance evaluation of a next‐generation antimicrobial dressing in patients with chronic venous leg ulcers
Authors: Harding Keith G , Szczepkowski Marek , Mikosiński Jacek , Twardowska‐Saucha Krystyna , Blair Stephen , Ivins Nicola M , Saucha Wojciech , Cains Jane , Peters Kim , Parsons David , Bowler Philip 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the safety and performance of AQUACEL™ Ag+ dressing, a wound dressing containing a combination of anti‐biofilm and antimicrobial agents, in the management of chronic wounds. Patients (n = 42) with venous leg ulcers exhibiting signs of clinical infection were treated for 4 weeks with AQUACEL™ Ag+ dressing, followed by management with AQUACEL™ wound dressings for 4 weeks. Wound progression, wound size, ulcer pain and clinical evolution of the wound were assessed for up to 8 weeks. Adverse events were recorded throughout the study. AQUACEL™ Ag+ dressing had an acceptable safety profile, with only one patient discontinuing from the study, because of a non‐treatment‐related adverse event. After 8 weeks, substantial wound improvements were observed: 5 patients (11·9%) had healed ulcers and 32 patients (76·2%) showed improvement in ulcer condition. The mean ulcer size had reduced by 54·5%. Patients reported less pain as the study progressed. Notable improvements were observed in patients with ulcers that were considered to require treatment with systemic antibiotics or topical antimicrobials at baseline (n = 10), with a mean 70·2% reduction in wound area. These data indicate that AQUACEL™ Ag+ dressing has an acceptable safety profile in the management of venous leg ulcers that may be impeded by biofilm.
Comparison of two automatic cell‐counting solutions for fluorescent microscopic images
Authors: LOJK J. , ČIBEJ U. , KARLAŠ D. , ŠAJN L. , PAVLIN M. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryCell counting in microscopic images is one of the fundamental analysis tools in life sciences, but is usually tedious, time consuming and prone to human error. Several programs for automatic cell counting have been developed so far, but most of them demand additional training or data input from the user. Most of them do not allow the users to online monitor the counting results, either. Therefore, we designed two straightforward, simple‐to‐use cell‐counting programs that also allow users to correct the detection results. In this paper, we present the Cellcounter and Learn123 programs for automatic and semiautomatic counting of objects in fluorescent microscopic images (cells or cell nuclei) with a user‐friendly interface. Although Cellcounter is based on predefined and fine‐tuned set of filters optimized on sets of chosen experiments, Learn123 uses an evolutionary algorithm to determine the adapt filter parameters based on a learning set of images. Cellcounter also includes an extension for analysis of overlaying images. The efficiency of both programs was assessed on images of cells stained with different fluorescent dyes by comparing automatically obtained results with results that were manually annotated by an expert. With both programs, the correlation between automatic and manual counting was very high (R2 < 0.9), although Cellcounter had some difficulties processing images with no cells or weakly stained cells, where sometimes the background noise was recognized as an object of interest. Nevertheless, the differences between manual and automatic counting were small compared to variations between experimental repeats. Both programs significantly reduced the time required to process the acquired images from hours to minutes. The programs enable consistent, robust, fast and accurate detection of fluorescent objects and can therefore be applied to a range of different applications in different fields of life sciences where fluorescent labelling is used for quantification of various phenomena. Moreover, Cellcounter overlay extension also enables fast analysis of related images that would otherwise require image merging for accurate analysis, whereas Learn123's evolutionary algorithm can adapt counting parameters to specific sets of images of different experimental settings.
British‐Pakistani women's perspectives of diabetes self‐management: the role of identity
Authors: Majeed‐Ariss Rabiya , Jackson Cath , Knapp Peter , Cheater Francine M 
Published: June 2015

Aims and objectivesTo explore the effects of type 2 diabetes on British‐Pakistani women's identity and its relationship with self‐management.BackgroundType 2 diabetes is more prevalent and has worse outcomes among some ethnic minority groups. This may be due to poorer self‐management and an inadequate match of health services to patient needs. The influence that type 2 diabetes has on British‐Pakistani women's identity and subsequent self‐management has received limited attention.DesignAn explorative qualitative study.MethodsFace‐to‐face semi‐structured English and Urdu language interviews were conducted with a purposively selected heterogeneous sample of 15 British‐Pakistani women with type 2 diabetes. Transcripts were analysed thematically.ResultsFour themes emerged: Perceived change in self emphasised how British‐Pakistani women underwent a conscious adaptation of identity following diagnosis; Familiarity with ill health reflected women's adjustment to their changed identity over time; Diagnosis improves social support enabled women to accept changes within themselves and Supporting family is a barrier to self‐management demonstrated how family roles were an aspect of women's identities that was resilient to change. The over‐arching theme Role re‐alignment enables successful self‐management encapsulated how self‐management was a continuous process where achievements needed to be sustained. Inter‐generational differences were also noted: first generation women talked about challenges associated with ageing and co‐morbidities; second generation women talked about familial and work roles competing with self‐management.ConclusionsThe complex nature of British‐Pakistani women's self‐identification requires consideration when planning and delivering healthcare.Relevance to clinical practiceCulturally competent practice should recognise how generational status influences self‐identity and diabetes self‐management in ethnically diverse women. Health professionals should remain mindful of effective self‐management occurring alongside, and being influenced by, other aspects of life.
Resolution of superimposed pre‐eclampsia, and improvement in umbilical artery flow in a surviving twin after intrauterine demise of its co‐twin
Authors: Narasimhulu Deepa M. , Karakash Scarlett , Rankin Linda , Minkoff Howard 
Published: June 2015

AbstractPre‐eclampsia has a progressive clinical course, and is only cured by delivery of the placenta. We report a 30‐year‐old G1P0 with dichorionic twins, discordant growth and chronic hypertension who developed superimposed pre‐eclampsia in her 21st week of gestation. After intrauterine demise of the severely growth‐restricted twin, the superimposed pre‐eclampsia resolved. The surviving twin initially had absent end diastolic flow, which resolved after the demise. A healthy 1935‐g neonate with Apgar 9/9 was delivered at 34 weeks. Antenatal resolution of pre‐eclampsia is extremely rare and resolution of superimposed pre‐eclampsia has not, to our knowledge, been reported.
Influence of carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum on the growth hormone–insulin‐like growth factor I axis in mid‐ and late‐pregnancy rats
Authors: Sun Bingchun , Fu Aizhen , Wang Rong , Zhang Ying 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAimWe investigated the influence of carbon dioxide (CO2) pneumoperitoneum on the growth hormone(GH)–insulin‐like growth factor I (IGF‐I) axis in mid‐ and late‐pregnancy Sprague–Dawley rats.MethodsA total of 48 mid‐pregnancy rats were randomly assigned to one of three groups: anesthesia only (control group); 1‐h CO2 pneumoperitoneum; or 2‐h CO2 pneumoperitoneum. Blood samples were collected immediately after the procedure or in late pregnancy. Maternal concentration of serum GH and IGF‐I was measured on enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and compared between different groups.ResultsUnder the same CO2 pneumoperitoneum pressure, serum GH and IGF‐I concentration in the 2‐h pneumoperitoneum group were significantly lower than those of the 1‐h pneumoperitoneum group or the control group in both mid‐ and late pregnancy (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between the 1‐h pneumoperitoneum group and the control group (P > 0.05). Serum GH and IGF‐I concentrations were positively correlated in pregnant rats (R2 = 0.3434, P < 0.05).ConclusionsUnder the same CO2 pneumoperitoneum pressure, exposure duration was correlated with effect on maternal GH–IGF‐I axis in mid‐ and late‐pregnancy rats. Two h of exposure inhibited the GH–IGF‐I axis in both mid‐ and late pregnancy, and therefore may restrict development of the placenta and fetus.
Trends in the Utilization of Penile Prostheses in the Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction in the United States
Authors: Lee Daniel J. , Najari Bobby B. , Davison Wesley L. , Al Awamlh Bashir Al Hussein , Zhao Fujun , Paduch Darius A. , Mulhall John P. , Chughtai Bilal , Lee Richard K. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT

Background
The utilization of penile prosthesis (PP) insertion in the general population for medically refractory erectile dysfunction (ED) has not been well-characterized. This study assessed the national temporal trends in the surgical management of ED utilizing PP.

Materials and Methods
An analysis of the 5% Medicare Public Use Files from 2001 to 2010 was performed to assess the use of PP. Regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with PP placement, type of PP utilized, and factors associated with revisions.

Results
A total of 1,763,260 men were diagnosed with ED, 3% (53,180) of whom underwent PP insertion. The utilization of PP for ED decreased from 4.6% in 2002 to 2.3% in 2010 (P &lt; 0.01). This temporal decline in utilization was significant across all demographic factors including age, ethnicity, and geographic location. Men aged 65–74, from the U.S. South and West, and those with Charlson comorbidity scores &gt;1 were more likely to have a PP inserted for ED (P &lt; 0.01). African American men were more likely to have a semirigid PP placed compared with a multicomponent inflatable PP, and were more likely to undergo a revision or removal of the PP compared with Caucasian men (P &lt; 0.01).

Conclusions
The surgical management of ED with PP changed significantly between 2001 and 2010. The overall utilization of PP decreased, but its use in patients with significant medical comorbidities increased. Age &gt;65, ethnicity, and geography influenced the likelihood of PP placement, prosthesis type, as well as the likelihood of prosthesis removal or revision.