bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ischemic Stroke: Epidemiological and Etiological Profile of Patients Admitted to the Mohamed VI University Hospital of Marrakech, Morocco
Authors: Bourzeg Khaoula , Zerhoudi Rim , Massrioui Joumana El , Aityahya Abdelkarim , Jamili Mohamed El , Karimi Saloua El , Hattaoui Mustapha El 
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Cerebrovascular stroke is a public health problem. They are dominated by ischemic origin, of which cardioembolic etiology is a significant cause. The aim of our study is to determine the in-hospital prevalence of cardiovascular disease in patients with cerebrovascular stroke and the diagnostic and therapeutic impact of all the complementary examinations carried out.
Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive and analytical study carried out over a 7-year period (July 2017-June 2024) compiling cases of ischemic stroke admitted to the cardiology and neurology departments of the Mohamed VI University Hospital in Marrakech. Routine examinations included ECG, transthoracic cardiac echocardiography and echocardiography-doppler of the neck vessels, while transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and Holter ECG were performed only in a select cases.
Results: Three hundred cases were collected and evaluated. The mean age of the patients was 68.3 ± 8.9 years (21-90 years), with a clear male predominance (64.3%). Eighty percent had at least one cardiovascular risk factor. A cardiovascular history of hypokinetic cardiomyopathy at the dilated stage was found in 7.6% of cases. The average consultation time was 26 hours. Clinical presentation according to NIHSS score was as follows: a score below 10 in 65% of cases, between 10 and 20 in 21% and above 20 in 14%.
ECG was abnormal in 67.6% of cases (203 patients); TTE was abnormal in 63%, with dilatation of the left atrium (LA) the main abnormality. TEE in 8% of cases revealed 3 cases of inter-atrial aneurysm with patent foramen oval, seven cases of left atrial thrombus, one left atrial myxoma, 3 cases of mitral valve wing block and 2 cases of complex aortic atheroma exceeding 4 mm in thickness. Holter ECG revealed 27 cases of transition to atrial fibrillation
Conclusion: Ischemic stroke etiologies are largely dominated by lacunar infarction and embolic heart disease, followed by atherosclerosis. This highlights the role of the cardiologist in both etiological management and in guiding the therapeutic approach. Thus, improving prognosis hinges on early diagnosis and a thorough etiological assessment before concluding a cryptogenic stroke.
Evaluation of Different Varieties of Miniature Roses (Rosa chinensis minima) under Prayagraj Agro-climatic Conditions
Authors: Haldar Meghna , Fatmi Urfi 
Published: August 2024

An experiment was carried out in the Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology And Sciences, Prayagraj, from November, 2023 to May, 2024. The experiment was conducted in a Randomized Block Design with twelve varieties replicated thrice. Varieties were Red Hot, Magic Carousel, Rosy, Calpoly, Beauty Secret, Hocky Pocky, Ruby Ruby, Rainbow's End, Jet Trail, Cricket, Black Jade, and Jeane Kennealy. Variety Ruby Ruby emerged promising for parameters like plant height (25.9 cm), number of branches (10.9), duration of flowering (164 days), and number of flowers per plant (285.9) whereas, plant spread (31.4 cm2) was better in variety Jeane Kennealy. Variety Red Hot performed better in days taken to first flowering (32 days). Bud diameter (1.1 cm) was better in the variety Magic Carousel.
Screening of Maize Genotypes for their Resistance to Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) under Artificial Infestation
Authors: B Shashikala. , Soujanya P. Lakshmi , Rajanikanth P. , Yathish K. R. 
Published: August 2024

The present study was undertaken to identify resistant maize genotypes against fall armyworm, which were screened in a net house under artificial infestation in a randomized complete block design at Winter Nursery Centre, ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad during rabi 2023–24. The experimental material consisted of 19 diverse maize genotypes (Table 1). Each genotype was sown in a 2 m row and replicated thrice under randomized complete block design (RBD) in an insect screening net house facility. The tested genotypes were cultivated according to the recommended agronomic practices, with 60 and 20 cm spacing between rows and plants, respectively. Each genotype was released with 20 fall armyworm neonate larvae using a camel hair brush at the V5 phenological stage. The observations on leaf damage rating were taken on the 7th,14th, and 21st days after larval release based on leaf damage rating on a 1 to 9 scale. Among the tested genotypes, the leaf damage score ranged from 3.53 to 7.50 at 14 days after larval infestation. The genotypes namely CML 71 (3.53) and DMRE 63 (3.76) were found to be resistant while the genotypes namely HUZM 189 (4.13), CML 144 (4.36), CML 67 (4.50) CML 73 (4.56), CML-563 -B (4.60), CML 426 (4.66), CML-547 (W) (4.66), MIL 7-38-3 (4.66), CML 327 (5.03), VSL 16 (5.06), QIL 7-273 (5.26), MIL 7-102-2 (5.33), CML 33 (5.40), and MIL 7-16-163 (5.63) were found moderately resistant. At the same time, the remaining genotypes V 372 (6.06), CM 202 (7.33), and BML 6 (7.50) were found susceptible. The identified resistant genotypes (DMRE 63 and CML 71) can be used in resistant breeding.
Groundwater dating with Atom Trap Trace Analysis of39Ar
Authors: Ritterbusch F. , Ebser S. , Welte J. , Reichel T. , Kersting A. , Purtschert R. , Aeschbach‐Hertig W. , Oberthaler M. K. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWe report on the realization of Atom Trap Trace Analysis for39Ar and its first application to dating of groundwater samples. The presented system achieves an atmospheric39Ar count rate as high as 3.58 ± 0.10 atoms/h allowing for the determination of the39Ar concentration in less than a day. We demonstrate that the measured count rates are proportional to the39Ar concentration by intercomparison with Low‐Level Counting results and by measurements on prepared argon samples with defined concentration. For a geophysical application, we degas three different groundwater samples and gas chromatographically extract the argon. The39Ar ages inferred from the count rates extend over the accessible dating range and are in agreement with the Low‐Level Counting results as well as with complementary isotope data.
Screening and molecular identification of overproducing γ‐linolenic acid fungi and cloning the delta 6‐desaturase gene
Authors: Lu He , Zhu Yu 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThis research aims at isolating and identifying γ‐linolenic acid (GLA)‐producing fungi in the traditional Chinese salt‐fermented soybean food, Douchi, from Yongchuan, People's Republic of China. In this study, Rhizopus oryzae DR3 was identified as a novel fungal species that produces large amounts of GLA. A full‐length cDNA, designated as RoD6 D, with high homology to fungal △6 fatty acid desaturase genes was isolated from R. oryzae by using the rapid amplification of cDNA ends method. It had an open reading frame of 1,176 bp encoding a deduced polypeptide of 391 amino acids. Bioinformatics analysis characterized the putative RoD6 D protein as a typical membrane‐bound desaturase, including three conserved histidine‐rich motifs, a hydropathy profile, and a cytochrome b5‐like domain in the N‐terminus. When the coding sequence was expressed in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain INVScl, the encoded product of RoD6 D exhibited △6 fatty acid desaturase activity that led to the accumulation of GLA. The results show that Douchi contains a large natural diverse composition, and some strains could be selected as starters for functional fermented foods. This study has also laid a foundation for developing functional Douchi products for further research.
Ein neuer Weg zur Berechnung der thermodynamischen Funktionen binärer Flüssigkeitssysteme von Nichtelektrolyten aus den Potentialparametern der reinen Substanzen
Authors: Schäfer Von KL. , Kreibich Ursula T. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractDie Weiterentwicklung einer von K. Schäfer entwickelten Theorie des festen Zustands, die vom reinen Kristall ausgeht und mit Erfolg auf den Ionenkristall [1] und den metallischen Zustand angewendet wurde, führte zu einer Theorie für Mischkristalle und feste Lösungen. In der folgenden Arbeit wird dieser Weg weiterverfolgt. Die modifizierte Theorie wird auf binäre Flüssigkeitssysteme übertragen und zuerst am System Stickstoff‐Kohlenmonoxid bei der Schmelztemperatur des Stickstoffs getestet. Außerdem werden die freien Exzeßenthalpien der flüssigen Mischungen Neopentan‐Tetramethylsilan und Neopentan‐Neopentylbromid berechnet und mit den früher von uns aus den Gesamtdampfdrucken ermittelten Werten [2, 3] verglichen.
Raman‐Intensität und Konjugation I. Substituentenabhängigkeit der Raman‐Intensitäten der 1600 cm−1‐Ringschwingungen monosubstituierter Benzolderivate
Authors: Schmid Von E. D. , Brosa B. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractGemessen wurden die Raman‐Intensitäten S1600 der Ringschwingung bei 1600 cm−1 von 46 monosubstituierten Benzolderivaten und Sco der CO‐Valenzschwingung von 10 monosubstituierten Benzolderivaten mit der 459 cm−1‐Linie von Tetrachlorkohlenstoff als Standard. Es wird gezeigt, daß diese Raman‐Intensitäten durch das Ausmaß der π‐Elektronenkonjugation zwischen Ring und Substituenten bestimmt werden. Für mehrere Verbindungen existiert eine Korrelation zwischen den Raman‐Intensitäten der 1600 cm−1‐Ringschwingung und den Taftschen Substituentenparametern σ0R. Es wird gezeigt, daß σ0R kein direktes Maß der Konjugation sein kann. Es gibt zahlreiche Verbindungen, wie z. B. Styrol, mit großer Konjugation zwischen Ring und Substituenten, deren σ0R‐Werte klein sind. Man kann annehmen, daß σ0R ein Maß ist für den Substituenteneffekt auf die Elektronendichteverteilung, der durch Konjugation bestimmt ist.
Über Photoreaktionen adsorbierter Azoverbindungen
Authors: Rau Von Hermann 
Published: August 2014

AbstractDie Photoreaktionen von Azobenzol, Hydroxy‐ und Aminoazoverbindungen, die an verschiedenen Trägern adsorbiert sind, werden untersucht. Dabei wird Strahlung verschiedener Wellenlänge verwendet. Die Ergebnisse dieser Experimente mit Photoreaktionen an Oberflächen stimmen im wesentlichen mit denen überein, die man aus Experimenten in Lösung erhält.
Modulations‐spektroskopische Untersuchungen an passiven Nickelelektroden
Authors: Gobrecht Von H. , Paatsch W. , Thull R. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractÜber die Zusammensetzung halbleitender passivierender Deckschichten auf Elektroden besteht in vielen Fällen noch keine Klarheit. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird ein optisch‐elektrisches Verfahren angegeben, mit dem die Änderung der Schichtzusammensetzung in Abhängigkeit vom Elektrodenpotential untersucht werden kann. Durch Modulation des Potentials wird hierbei der Oxydationsgrad und damit das optische Verhalten oberflächennaher Bereiche der Deckschicht verändert. Am Beispiel des passiven Nickels ergeben sich durch Messung des modulierten Reflexionsvermögens neue Informationen über die Elektrodeneigenschaften im Bereich zwischen der primären und der sekundären Passivität.
Potato virus X‐based expression vectors are stabilized for long‐term production of proteins and larger inserts
Authors: Dickmeis Christina , Fischer Rainer , Commandeur Ulrich 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPlus‐strand RNA viruses such as Potato virus X (PVX) are often used as high‐yielding expression vectors in plants, because they tolerate extra transgene insertion and expression without disrupting normal virus functions. However, sequence redundancy due to promoter duplication often leads to genetic instability. Although heterologous subgenomic promoter‐like sequences (SGPs) have been successfully used in Tobacco mosaic virus vectors, only homologous SGP duplications have been used in PVX vectors. We stabilized PVX‐based vectors by combining heterologous SGPs from related potexviruses with an N‐terminal coat protein (CP) deletion. We selected two SGPs with core sequences homologous to PVX, from Bamboo mosaic virus (BaMV) and Cassava common mosaic virus, as well as a SGP with a heterologous core sequence from Foxtail mosaic virus (FoMV). We found that only the BaMV and CsCMV SGPs were utilized by the PVX replicase. However, the transgene remained unstable, due to the presence of an additional region with strong sequence similarity at the 5' end of the cp gene. The BaMV SGP combined with an N‐terminal CP deletion achieved high PVX vector stability. This new expression vector is particularly useful for long‐term production of proteins and for larger inserts. The improved PVX‐based vectors are suitable for the systemic expression of any gene of interest in PVX host plants. The PVX‐based vector can be advantageous for the overexpression of proteins, to analyze protein functions in planta or as a system for virus‐induced gene silencing.
Revisiting the Bromination of CH Bonds with Molecular Bromine by Using a Photo‐Microflow System
Authors: Manabe Yoshiyuki , Kitawaki Yuriko , Nagasaki Masahiro , Fukase Koichi , Matsubara Hiroshi , Hino Yoshiko , Fukuyama Takahide , Ryu Ilhyong 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe photobromination of CH bonds by using molecular bromine was reinvestigated under microfluidic conditions. The continuous‐flow method suppressed the production of dibrominated compounds and effectively produced the desired monobrominated products with high selectivity. Rapid bromination of benzylic substrates containing a photoaffinity azide group was achieved without any decomposition.
Kinetic Resolution of Oxazinones: Rational Exploration of Chemical Space through the Design of Experiments
Authors: Renzi Polyssena , Kronig Christel , Carlone Armando , Eröksüz Serap , Berkessel Albrecht , Bella Marco 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe organocatalytic kinetic resolution of 4‐substituted oxazinones has been optimised (selectivity factor S up to 98, chiral oxazinone ee values up to 99.6 % (1 a–g) and product ee values up to 90 % (3 a–g)) in a rational way by applying the Design of Experiments (DoE) approach.
Effect of Gold Nanoparticles on the Structure and Electron‐Transfer Characteristics of Glucose Oxidase Redox Polyelectrolyte‐Surfactant Complexes
Authors: Cortez M. Lorena , Marmisollé Waldemar , Pallarola Diego , Pietrasanta Lía I. , Murgida Daniel H. , Ceolín Marcelo , Azzaroni Omar , Battaglini Fernando 
Published: August 2014

AbstractEfficient electrical communication between redox proteins and electrodes is a critical issue in the operation and development of amperometric biosensors. The present study explores the advantages of a nanostructured redox‐active polyelectrolyte–surfactant complex containing [Os(bpy)2Clpy]2+ (bpy=2,2′‐bipyridine, py= pyridine) as the redox centers and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as nanodomains for boosting the electron‐transfer propagation throughout the assembled film in the presence of glucose oxidase (GOx). Film structure was characterized by grazing‐incidence small‐angle X‐ray scattering (GISAXS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), GOx incorporation was followed by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and quartz‐crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM‐D), whereas Raman spectroelectrochemistry and electrochemical studies confirmed the ability of the entrapped gold nanoparticles to enhance the electron‐transfer processes between the enzyme and the electrode surface. Our results show that nanocomposite films exhibit five‐fold increase in current response to glucose compared with analogous supramolecular AuNP‐free films. The introduction of colloidal gold promotes drastic mesostructural changes in the film, which in turn leads to a rigid, amorphous interfacial architecture where nanoparticles, redox centers, and GOx remain in close proximity, thus improving the electron‐transfer process.
Synthesis of New Chlorin e6Trimethyl and Protoporphyrin IX Dimethyl Ester Derivatives and Their Photophysical and Electrochemical Characterizations
Authors: Menezes José C. J. M. D. S. , Faustino M. Amparo F. , de Oliveira Kleber T. , Uliana Marciana P. , Ferreira Vitor F. , Hackbarth Steffen , Röder Beate , Teixeira Tasso Thiago , Furuyama Taniyuki , Kobayashi Nagao , Silva Artur M. S. , Neves M. Graça P. M. S. , Cavaleiro José A. S. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIn view of increasing demands for efficient photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy (PDT), we herein report the synthesis and photophysical characterizations of new chlorin e6trimethyl ester and protoporphyrin IX dimethyl ester dyads as free bases and ZnIIcomplexes. The synthesis of these molecules linked at the β‐pyrrolic positions to pyrano[3,2‐c]coumarin, pyrano[3,2‐c]quinolinone, and pyrano[3,2‐c]naphthoquinone moieties was performed by using the domino Knoevenagel hetero Diels–Alder reaction. The α‐methylenechromanes, α‐methylenequinoline, andortho‐quinone methides were generated in situ from a Knoevenagel reaction of 4‐hydroxycoumarin, 4‐hydroxy‐6‐methylcoumarin, 4‐hydroxy‐N‐methylquinolinone, and 2‐hydroxy‐1,4‐naphthoquinone, respectively, with paraformaldehyde in dioxane. All the dyads as free bases and as ZnIIcomplexes were obtained in high yields. All new compounds were fully characterized by 1D and 2D NMR techniques, UV/Vis spectroscopy, and HRMS. Their photophysical properties were evaluated by measuring the fluorescence quantum yield, the singlet oxygen quantum yield by luminescence detection, and also the triplet lifetimes were correlated by flash photolysis and intersystem crossing (ISC) rates. The fluorescence lifetimes were measured by a time‐correlated single photon count (TCSPC) method, fluorescence decay associated spectra (FDAS), and anisotropy measurements. Magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) and circular dichroism (CD) spectra were recorded for one ZnIIcomplex in order to obtain information, respectively, on the electronic and conformational states, and interpretation of these spectra was enhanced by molecular orbital (MO) calculations. Electrochemical studies of the ZnIIcomplexes were also carried out to gain insights into their behavior for such applications.
Red‐Shifted Fluorescent Aminated Derivatives of a Conformationally Locked GFP Chromophore
Authors: Baranov Mikhail S. , Solntsev Kyril M. , Baleeva Nadezhda S. , Mishin Alexander S. , Lukyanov Sergey A. , Lukyanov Konstantin A. , Yampolsky Ilia V. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractA novel class of fluorescent dyes based on conformationally locked GFP chromophore is reported. These dyes are characterized by red‐shifted spectra, high fluorescence quantum yields and pH‐independence in physiological pH range. The intra‐ and intermolecular mechanisms of radiationless deactivation of ABDI‐BF2 fluorophore by selective structural locking of various conformational degrees of freedom were studied. A unique combination of solvatochromic and lipophilic properties together with “infinite” photostability (due to a dynamic exchange between free and bound dye) makes some of the novel dyes promising bioinspired tools for labeling cellular membranes, lipid drops and other organelles.
ChemInform Abstract: New Be‐Intercalated Hexagonal Boron Layer Structure of BeB2.
Authors: Nguyen Manh Cuong , Zhao Xin , Wang Cai‐Zhuang , Ho Kai‐Ming 
Published: August 2014

AbstractA new family of BeB2 structures, where the B atoms form hexagonal layers intercalated by Be atoms is predicted using a generic algorithm method and first‐principle DFT calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: LiSbS2‐mC16: Structure Determination from X‐Ray Powder Diffraction Data.
Authors: Huber Sebastian , Pfitzner Arno 
Published: August 2014

AbstractMonoclinic LiSbS2 is prepared by reaction of Li2S, Sb, and excess S as reactive flux (graphite crucible in evacuated silica ampoule, 900 °C, 3 weeks).
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis and Effective Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation of Zn2GeO4 with Different Morphology.
Authors: Yang Min , Ji Ying , Liu Wei , Wang Ying , Liu Xiaoyang 
Published: August 2014

AbstractNanoparticles of the title compound are hydrothermally synthesized using microwave irradiation.
ChemInform Abstract: Ionothermal Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Chemical Bonding of the Niobium(IV) Complex Nb2(Se2)2(AlCl4)4.
Authors: Mueller Ulrike , Isaeva Anna , Ruck Michael 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe reaction of Se and NbCl5 with As as reducing agent in the Lewis‐acidic ionic liquid [bmim]Cl·4.8AlCl3 (evacuated silica ampoule, 100 °C, 4 d) yields dark‐red block‐shaped crystals of Nb2Se4(AlCl4)4, which immediately decompose when exposed to humid air.
ChemInform Abstract: Systematic Assembly of {LnMnIII4} Appended Cubanes with Inorganic Polyoxometalate Ligands and Their Electrocatalytic Property.
Authors: Chen Yi‐Zhen , Liu Zhu‐Jun , Zhang Zhi‐Ming , Zhou Huan‐Yu , Zheng Xiao‐Tao , Wang En‐Bo 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe new compounds (VI) and (VIII) are characterized by single crystal XRD, IR and UV spectroscopy, and electrocatalytic investigations.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Solvothermal Route to Crystalline Proustite Ag3AsS3 with Photocatalytic Properties.
Authors: Zhao Rongqing , Zhou Jian , Liu Xing , Li Rong , Tang Qiuling 
Published: August 2014

AbstractRed block crystals of the title compound are solvothermally synthesized from As2O3, AgNO3, and sulfur in diaminopropane (thick Pyrex tube, 160 °C, 3 d, 73% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Stereodivergent α‐Allylation of Linear Aldehydes with Dual Iridium and Amine Catalysis.
Authors: Krautwald Simon , Schafroth Michael A. , Sarlah David , Carreira Erick M. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe synthetic value of this protocol is demonstrated by enantioselective preparation of the antidepressant paroxetine (XII).
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Versatile Pd—Thioether—Phosphite Catalytic Systems for Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation, Amination, and Etherification Reactions.
Authors: Coll Merce , Pamies Oscar , Dieguez Montserrat 
Published: August 2014

AbstractA series of furanoside thioether‐phosphite ligands is synthesized and their Pd‐complexes are used as efficient catalyst for the asymmetric allylic substitution of a variety of cyclic and noncyclic allylic acetates and carbonates with C‐, N‐, and O‐nucleophiles.
ChemInform Abstract: On Regioselectivity of Aldol Condensation of Aromatic Aldehydes with Borate Complex of Acetylacetone.
Authors: Martichonok Val V. , Chiang Peter K. , Dornbush Padraick J. , Land Kirkwood M. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractProducts (V) and (VII) are good inhibitors of growth of protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidations of Alkenes with Hypervalent Iodine Reagents: An Alternative Ozonolysis of Phenyl Substituted Alkenes and Allylic Oxidation of Unsubstituted Cyclic Alkenes.
Authors: Atmaca Ufuk , Usanmaz Hande K. , Celik Murat 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAll presented reactions are performed with iodosylbenzene as well as iodylbenzene with the latter giving slightly higher yields of the desired products.
ChemInform Abstract: The α‐Chlorination of Aryl Methyl Ketones under Aerobic Oxidative Conditions.
Authors: Prebil Rok , Stavber Stojan 
Published: August 2014

AbstractA novel reaction system consisting of hydrochloric acid and air oxygen in the presence of catalytic amounts of ammonium nitrate and iodine allows the regioselective α‐chlorination of α‐methyl ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: Formal Aminocyanation of α,β‐Unsaturated Cyclic Enones for the Efficient Synthesis of α‐Amino Ketones.
Authors: Sun Chunrui , O'Connor Matthew J. , Lee Daesung , Wink Donald J. , Milligan Robert D. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractA formal dipolar cycloaddition of α,β‐unsaturated cyclic ketones with lithium trimethylsilyldiazomethane generates a structurally diverse array of pyrazolines.
ChemInform Abstract: Practical Metal‐Free C(sp3)—H Functionalization: Construction of Structurally Diverse α‐Substituted N‐Benzyl and N‐Allyl Carbamates.
Authors: Xie Zhiyu , Liu Lei , Chen Wenfang , Zheng Hongbo , Xu Qingqing , Yuan Huiqing , Lou Hongxiang 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThis is a practical and universal method for the C—H functionalization of N‐benzyl and N‐allyl carbamates which is suitable for a wide range of nucleophiles.