bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Pulmonary Hypertension Hemodynamic Presentation on Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Severe Symptomatic Aortic Valve Stenosis Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
Authors: O’Sullivan Crochan J. , Wenaweser Peter , Ceylan Osman , Rat-Wirtzler Julie , Stortecky Stefan , Heg Dik , Spitzer Ernest , Zanchin Thomas , Praz Fabien , Tüller David , Huber Christoph , Pilgrim Thomas , Nietlispach Fabian , Khattab Ahmed A. , Carrel Thierry , Meier Bernhard , Windecker Stephan , Buellesfeld Lutz 
Published: July 2015

Background—
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) frequently coexists with severe aortic stenosis, and PH severity has been shown to predict outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). The effect of PH hemodynamic presentation on clinical outcomes after TAVI is unknown.

Methods and Results—

Of 606 consecutive patients undergoing TAVI, 433 (71.4%) patients with severe aortic stenosis and a preprocedural right heart catheterization were assessed. Patients were dichotomized according to whether PH was present (mean pulmonary artery pressure, ≥25 mm Hg; n=325) or not (n=108). Patients with PH were further dichotomized by left ventricular end-diastolic pressure into postcapillary (left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, >15 mm Hg; n=269) and precapillary groups (left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, ≤15 mm Hg; n=56). Finally, patients with postcapillary PH were divided into isolated (n=220) and combined (n=49) subgroups according to whether the diastolic pressure difference (diastolic pulmonary artery pressure−left ventricular end-diastolic pressure) was normal (<7 mm Hg) or elevated (≥7 mm Hg). Primary end point was mortality at 1 year. PH was present in 325 of 433 (75%) patients and was predominantly postcapillary (n=269/325; 82%). Compared with baseline, systolic pulmonary artery pressure immediately improved after TAVI in patients with postcapillary combined (57.8±14.1 versus 50.4±17.3 mm Hg;
P
=0.015) but not in those with precapillary (49.0±12.6 versus 51.6±14.3;
P
=0.36). When compared with no PH, a higher 1-year mortality rate was observed in both precapillary (hazard ratio, 2.30; 95% confidence interval, 1.02–5.22;
P
=0.046) and combined (hazard ratio, 3.15; 95% confidence interval, 1.43–6.93;
P
=0.004) but not isolated PH patients (
P
=0.11). After adjustment, combined PH remained a strong predictor of 1-year mortality after TAVI (hazard ratio, 3.28;
P
=0.005).

Conclusions—
Invasive stratification of PH according to hemodynamic presentation predicts acute response to treatment and 1-year mortality after TAVI.
Clinical Impact of Intravascular Ultrasound–Guided Chronic Total Occlusion Intervention With Zotarolimus-Eluting Versus Biolimus-Eluting Stent Implantation
Authors: Kim Byeong-Keuk , Shin Dong-Ho , Hong Myeong-Ki , Park Hun Sik , Rha Seung-Woon , Mintz Gary S. , Kim Jung-Sun , Kim Je Sang , Lee Seung-Jin , Kim Hee-Yeol , Hong Bum-Kee , Kang Woong-Chol , Choi Jin-Ho , Jang Yangsoo 
Published: July 2015

Background—
There have been no randomized studies comparing intravascular ultrasound (IVUS)–guided versus conventional angiography–guided chronic total occlusion (CTO) intervention using new-generation drug-eluting stent Therefore, we conducted a prospective, randomized, multicenter trial designed to test the hypothesis that IVUS-guided CTO intervention is superior to angiography-guided intervention.

Methods and Results—

After successful guidewire crossing, 402 patients with CTOs were randomized to the IVUS-guided group (n=201) or the angiography-guided group (n=201) and secondarily randomized to Resolute zotarolimus-eluting stents or Nobori biolimus-eluting stents. The primary and secondary end points were cardiac death and a major adverse cardiac event defined as the composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction, or target-vessel revascularization, respectively. After 12-month follow-up, the rate of cardiac death was not significantly different between the IVUS-guided group (0%) and the angiography-guided group (1.0%;
P
by log-rank test=0.16). However, major adverse cardiac event rates were significantly lower in the IVUS-guided group than that in the angiography-guided group (2.6% versus 7.1%;
P
=0.035; hazard ratio, 0.35; 95% confidence interval, 0.13–0.97). Occurrence of the composite of cardiac death or myocardial infarction was significantly lower in the IVUS-guided group (0%) than in the angiography-guided group (2.0%;
P
=0.045). The rates of target-vessel revascularization were not significantly different between the 2 groups. In the comparison between Resolute zotarolimus-eluting stent and Nobori biolimus-eluting stent, major adverse cardiac event rates were not significantly different (4.0% versus 5.7%;
P
=0.45).

Conclusions—
Although IVUS-guided CTO intervention did not significantly reduce cardiac mortality, this randomized study demonstrated that IVUS-guided CTO intervention might improve 12-month major adverse cardiac event rate after new-generation drug-eluting stent implantation when compared with conventional angiography-guided CTO intervention.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01563952.
A Model for the Complete Radial Structure of the Tropical Cyclone Wind Field. Part I: Comparison with Observed Structure*
Authors: Chavas Daniel R. , Lin Ning , Emanuel Kerry 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Part I of this work develops a simple model for the complete radial structure of the low-level tropical cyclone wind field. The model is constructed by mathematically merging existing theoretical solutions for the radial wind structure at the top of the boundary layer in the inner ascending and outer descending regions. The model is then compared with two observational datasets. First, the outer solution is compared with a global database from the QuikSCAT satellite (1999–2009) and found to reproduce the characteristic wind structure of the broad outer region of tropical cyclones at large radii, indicating that the solution successfully captures the physics of this region. Second, the inner solution is compared with the HWind database (2004–12) for the Atlantic and eastern Pacific basins and is shown to be capable of reproducing the inner-core structure while substantially underestimating wind speeds at larger radii. The complete model is then shown to largely, though not entirely, rectify this underestimation. Limitations of the model are discussed, including the need for a formal evaluation of the physics of the inner core as well as a transition-region model at intermediate radii characterized by intermittent convection, such as spiral rainbands. Part II will characterize the model’s modes of wind field variability and their relationship to the variability observed in nature.
An Oceanic Impact of the Kuroshio on Surface Air Temperature on the Pacific Coast of Japan in Summer: Regional H2O Greenhouse Gas Effect
Authors: Takahashi Hiroshi G. , Adachi Sachiho A. , Sato Tomonori , Hara Masayuki , Ma Xieyao , Kimura Fujio 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
This study used a 4-km resolution regional climate model to examine the sensitivity of surface air temperature on the Pacific coast of Japan to sea surface temperature (SST) south of the Pacific coast of Japan during summer. The authors performed a control simulation (CTL) driven by reanalysis and observational SST datasets. A series of sensitivity experiments using climatological values from the CTL SST datasets over a 31-yr period was conducted. The interannual variation in surface air temperature over the Pacific coast was well simulated in CTL. The interannual variation in SST over the Kuroshio region amplified the interannual variation in surface air temperature over the Pacific coast. It was found that 30% of the total variance of interannual variation in surface air temperature can be controlled by interannual variation in SST. The calculated surface air temperature on the Pacific coast increased by 0.4 K per 1-K SST warming in the Kuroshio region. Note that this sensitivity was considerably greater during nighttime than during daytime. Concurrent with the warming in surface air temperature, downward longwave radiation at the surface was also increased. In summer, the increase in latent heat flux was considerably larger than that in sensible heat flux over the ocean because of SST warming, according to the temperature dependence of the Bowen ratio. This implies that the primary factor for the increase in surface air temperature in summer is increased moisture in the lower troposphere, indicating that the regional warming was caused by an increase in H2O greenhouse gas.
Implementation in the NCEP GFS of a Hybrid Eddy-Diffusivity Mass-Flux (EDMF) Boundary Layer Parameterization with Dissipative Heating and Modified Stable Boundary Layer Mixing
Authors: Han Jongil , Witek Marcin L. , Teixeira Joao , Sun Ruiyu , Pan Hua-Lu , Fletcher Jennifer K. , Bretherton Christopher S. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The current operational eddy-diffusivity countergradient (EDCG) planetary boundary layer (PBL) scheme in the NCEP Global Forecast System (GFS) tends to underestimate the PBL growth in the convective boundary layer (CBL). To improve CBL growth, an eddy-diffusivity mass-flux (EDMF) PBL scheme is developed, where the nonlocal transport by large turbulent eddies is represented by a mass-flux (MF) scheme and the local transport by small eddies is represented by an eddy-diffusivity (ED) scheme. For the vertical momentum mixing, the MF scheme is modified to include the effect of the updraft-induced pressure gradient force. While the EDMF scheme displays better CBL growth than the EDCG scheme, it tends to overproduce the amount of low clouds and degrades wind vector forecasts over the tropical ocean where strongly unstable PBLs are rarely found. In order not to degrade the forecast skill in the tropics, a hybrid scheme is developed, where the EDMF scheme is applied only for the strongly unstable PBL, while the EDCG scheme is used for the weakly unstable PBL. Along with the hybrid EDMF scheme, the heating by turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) dissipation is parameterized to reduce an energy imbalance in the GFS. To enhance a too weak vertical turbulent mixing for weakly and moderately stable conditions, the current local scheme in the stable boundary layer (SBL) is modified to use an eddy-diffusivity profile method. The hybrid EDMF PBL scheme with TKE dissipative heating and modified SBL mixing led to significant improvements in some key medium-range weather forecast metrics and was operationally implemented into the NCEP GFS in January 2015.
Diagnostic Yield of Computed Tomography in the Evaluation of Idiopathic Vocal Fold Paresis
Authors: Paddle Paul M. , Mansor Masaany B. , Song Phillip C. , Franco Ramon A. 
Published: July 2015

ObjectiveTo determine the diagnostic yield of computed tomography (CT) in establishing an etiology in patients with idiopathic unilateral vocal fold paresis (IUVFP). To determine the proportion of CT scans yielding incidental findings requiring further patient management.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingTertiary laryngology practice.SubjectsLaryngology clinic patients under the care of the 2 senior authors.MethodsAll clinic patients were identified who had a diagnosis of IUVFP and underwent CT of the skull base to the upper mediastinum from 2004 to 2014. Demographic, historical, examination, and investigation data were extracted. CT reports and endoscopic recordings were reviewed. Patients were excluded if there were insufficient clinical findings recorded or if there was a known neurologic disorder, complete vocal fold immobility, or bilateral involvement.ResultsA total of 174 patients with IUVFP who had also undergone contrast‐enhanced CT were identified. Of the 174 patients, 5 had a cause for their paresis identified on CT. This equated to a diagnostic yield of 2.9% (95% confidence interval, 0.94% to 6.6%). Of the 174 patients, 48 had other incidental lesions identified that required further follow‐up, investigation, or treatment. This equated to an incidental yield of 27.6% (95% confidence interval, 21.1% to 34.9%).ConclusionThis is the second and largest study to evaluate the diagnostic yield of CT in the evaluation of IUVFP. It demonstrates a low diagnostic yield and a high incidental yield. These findings suggest that the routine use of CT in the evaluation of idiopathic vocal fold paresis should be given careful consideration and that a tailored approach to investigation with good otolaryngologic follow‐up is warranted.
Rating scales to measure side effects of antipsychotic medication: A systematic review
Authors: van Strien Astrid M , Keijsers Carolina JPW , Derijks Hieronymus J , van Marum Rob J 
Published: July 2015

Introduction: Many patients experience side effects during treatment with antipsychotics. This article reviews the clinical use and psychometric characteristics of rating scales used to assess side effects in patients treated with antipsychotics. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed using the electronic databases PubMed and Embase, with predefined search terms. Results: In total, 52 different scales were used in the 440 articles retrieved. For multiple side effects measured with one scale, the Udvalg for Kliniske Undersøgelser Side Effects Rating Scale for Clinicians was used the most, whereas the Liverpool University Neuroleptic Side Effect Rating Scale had the best psychometric characteristics (Cronbach’s α 0.81 and test–retest reliability 0.89). The Simpson Angus Scale was used the most to rate extrapyramidal side effects, although the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center scale had the best characteristics (Cronbach’s α 0.80, test–retest reliability 0.92 and inter-rater reliability 0.81–0.90). The Arizona Sexual Experience Scale was used the most to assess sexual dysfunction, but the Antipsychotics and Sexual Functioning Questionnaire and the Nagoya Sexual Functioning Questionnaire had the best characteristics. Conclusion: This review will help researchers and clinicians make a purpose-oriented choice of which scale to use. Systematic review registration number: CRD42014013010.
‘Reconciliation is the foundation!’: Courts of Justice and Unofficial Reconciliation Practices in Algeria and Sudan
Authors: Ben Hounet Yazid 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis paper analyzes the interrelations of the customary practices of sulh, the reconciliation, and the work of courts of justice in Algeria and Sudan. It focuses on the idea that the courts’ work partly integrates the tradition of sulh – a practice grounded in custom and in Islamic normativities. The plurality of actors as well as of places – the place of the crime, the place of reconciliation, the court of justice – is taken into account to describe the interplay of official law enforcement and customary practices.
The Biological Basis of Learning
Authors: Rodgers David L. 
Published: July 2015

Background:Brain-based learning (BBL), also referred to as educational neuroscience, examines learning as a biological process. Teaching to support BBL requires blending of understanding of neuroscience with the practice of education. With BBL, the learning environment is designed to enhance the brain’s natural ability to learn. Aim: This manuscript describes the fundamentals of brain-based learning, translates the basic tenets of BBL to the simulation learning environment, and presents practical application strategies for simulation-based learning. Method: Focusing on the work of Renate and Geoffrey Caine, this article examines their approach to BBL, including the three core elements of brain-based learning experience: orchestrated immersion in complex environments, relaxed alertness, and active processing. The three elements of the Caine and Caine model are well-embedded in the larger BBL literature and have particular utility with simulation-based education. Results: The three core elements of BBL have direct application to simulation as a teaching and learning practice. This paper presents several specific strategies designed to enhance both the simulation event experience and the debriefing. Conclusion: The simulation learning environment can be adapted to capitalize on the tenets of BBL. Several instructional strategies are available to enhance the biological process of learning while utilizing simulation-based learning practices.
Outcomes of hospitalized neutropenic oncology patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa bloodstream infections: focus on oral fluoroquinolone conversion
Authors: Yan Lily Z , Herrington Jon D 
Published: July 2015

Background Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, especially in neutropenic oncology patients. Few studies have been published in the last decade on treatment outcomes of neutropenic oncology patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia. In addition, there is a lack of data addressing the role of oral fluoroquinolones in this patient setting. Methods A retrospective chart review from 1999 to 2013 was conducted at a large academic medical center in neutropenic oncology patients with documented Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia, who were initially treated with intravenous anti-pseudomonal antibiotics and then converted to an oral anti-pseudomonal fluoroquinolone. Patients were evaluated for the rate of cure and for the time from onset of intravenous antibiotic therapy to conversion to oral fluoroquinolones. Results Twenty-nine patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia were evaluated. The median absolute neutrophil count at the time of the first positive blood culture was 50 cells/mm3, and the median duration of time below an absolute neutrophil count of 1000 cells/mm3 was five days. The change to oral fluoroquinolones occurred at a median (range) of six (2–18) days after initiation of intravenous antibiotics and at a median absolute neutrophil count of 2610 (110–24790) cells/mm3. The initial cure was 93.1%, while ultimate cure was 91.7%. Conclusion Converting to oral fluoroquinolones after initial intravenous antibiotic therapy for Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia in clinically stable neutropenic oncology patients appears to achieve successful outcomes. However, prospective trials are needed to validate these results in neutropenic oncology patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia who are converted to oral fluoroquinolones.
Validation of the School-age Assessment of Attachment in a short-term longitudinal study
Authors: Crittenden Patricia , Robson Katrina , Tooby Alison 
Published: July 2015

This study tested the validity of the School-aged Assessment of Attachment (SAA) in terms of matches from the well-validated Preschool Assessment of Attachment (PAA) to the SAA 6 months later. It also addressed validity in terms of mental health services and measures of stress, depression and anxiety. Hypotheses: Children’s SAA classifications were predicted to match their 6 months’ previous PAA classifications and indicators of maternal, child and family stress. The study used a two-group comparative design, involving normative and clinical children and their mothers. Method: The participants were 50 children between 5.5 and 5.9 years of age. Each child participated with his or her mother in a PAA, and then 6 months later each child responded to the SAA story cards as well as self-report assessments of stress, anxiety and depression. Results: Concordance of A, B, C and A/C attachment classifications was found between the PAA and SAA in 34 of 48 children. There was a strong relation between referral status (clinical or normative) and both PAA and SAA attachment classifications. In every non-matching case, a normative child had an attachment classification indicative of risk, indicating that the direction of errors was false positives as opposed to false negatives. Conclusions: This evidence supports the validity and clinical utility of the SAA.
Combined radiological-endoscopic management of difficult bile duct stones: 18-year single center experience
Authors: Cannavale Alessandro , Bezzi Mario , Cereatti Fabrizio , Lucatelli Pierleone , Fanello Gianfranco , Salvatori Filippo Maria , Fanelli Fabrizio , Fiocca Fausto , Donatelli Gianfranco 
Published: July 2015

Objectives: Clinical evidence regarding radiological–endoscopic management of intrahepatic bile duct stones is currently lacking. Our aim is to report our 18-year experience in combined radiological–endoscopic management of intrahepatic difficult bile duct stones. Methods: From June 1994 to June 2012, 299 symptomatic patients with difficult bile duct stones were admitted to our institution. Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC)/biliary drainage/s was performed, dilating the PTC track to 10 or 16 French within 3–7 days. Afterward we carried out percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy (PTCS) with electrohydraulic lithotripsy (EHL) and/or interventional radiology techniques. Follow up was made with clinical/laboratory tests and ultrasound (US). We retrospectively analyzed our radiological–endoscopic approach and reported our technical and clinical outcomes. Results: Complete stone clearance was achieved in 298 patients after a maximum of 4 consecutive sessions. Most patients (64.6%) were treated with PTCS/EHL alone, while the remaining with radiological techniques alone (26%) or a combination of both techniques (13.3%). Recurrence of stones occurred in 45 cases (15%, Tsunoda class III and class IV) within 2 years and were successfully retreated. Major adverse events were: 5 (1.6%) cases of massive bleeding that required embolisation, 2 (0.66%) perforations of the common bile duct and 31 cases (10.3%) of acute cholangitis managed with medical therapy or intervention. Conclusion: After 18 years of experience we demonstrated that our combined radiological–endoscopic approach to ‘difficult bile duct stones‘ may result in both immediate and long-term clearance of stones with a low rate of adverse events.
Pattern of Fascicular Involvement in Midportion Achilles Tendinopathy at Ultrasound
Authors: Counsel Peter , Comin Jules , Davenport Marcus , Connell David 
Published: July 2015

Background: The Achilles tendon is composed of fascicles from the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles, which are identifiable as discrete components at anatomical dissection. Hypothesis: The pattern of fascicular involvement in Achilles tendinopathy may be characterized at ultrasound, and this characterization is reliable between different observers. Study Design: Cross-sectional diagnostic study. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: One hundred cases of Achilles tendinopathy were retrospectively evaluated by 2 blinded musculoskeletal radiologists. Using a short-axis anatomical map, each case was categorized as involving the fascicular territories of the medial head of gastrocnemius, lateral head of gastrocnemius, soleus, or combinations of these, or as indeterminate. Results: Both radiologists agreed on the fascicular involvement pattern in 93 of 100 cases; 20 involved only medial gastrocnemius territories, 8 lateral gastrocnemius, 15 soleus, 3 medial and lateral gastrocnemius, 21 medial gastrocnemius and soleus, 9 soleus and lateral gastrocnemius, and 16 the entire tendon, and 1 case was classified as indeterminate. In 7 cases, the interpretations were discordant. The kappa value was calculated as 0.92 (95% CI, 0.86-0.98) in keeping with a high level of interobserver agreement. Conclusion: As assessed at ultrasound, most cases of Achilles tendinopathy involve the medial head of gastrocnemius and/or soleus fascicles. Clinical Relevance: The provided observational data will increase understanding of patterns of Achilles tendinopathy.