bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgical outcomes of modified lumbar spinous process–splitting laminectomy for lumbar spinal stenosis
Authors: Kanbara Shunsuke , Yukawa Yasutsugu , Ito Keigo , Machino Masaaki , Kato Fumihiko 
Published: January 2015

The lumbar spinous process–splitting laminectomy (LSPSL) procedure was developed as an alternative to lumbar laminectomy. In the LSPSL procedure, the spinous process is evenly split longitudinally and then divided at its base from the posterior arch, leaving the bilateral paravertebral muscle attached to the lateral aspects. This procedure allows for better exposure of intraspinal nerve tissues, comparable to that achieved by conventional laminectomy while minimizing damage to posterior supporting structures. In this study, the authors make some modifications to the original LSPSL procedure (modified LSPSL), in which laminoplasty is performed instead of laminectomy. The purpose of this study was to compare postoperative outcomes in modified LSPSL with those in conventional laminectomy (CL) and to evaluate bone unions between the split spinous process and residual laminae following modified LSPSL.
Forty-seven patients with lumbar spinal stenosis were enrolled in this study. Twenty-six patients underwent modified LSPSL and 21 patients underwent CL. Intraoperative blood loss and surgical duration were evaluated. The Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scale scores were used to assess parameters before surgery and 12 months after surgery. The recovery rates were also evaluated. Postoperative paravertebral muscle atrophy was assessed using MRI. Bone union rates between the split spinous process and residual laminae were also examined.
The mean surgical time and intraoperative blood loss were 25.7 minutes and 42.4 ml per 1 level in modified LSPSL, respectively, and 22.7 minutes and 29.5 ml in CL, respectively. The recovery rate of the JOA score was 64.2% in modified LSPSL and 68.7% in CL. The degree of paravertebral muscle atrophy was 7.8% in modified LSPSL and 22.2% in CL at 12 months after surgery (p < 0.05). The fusion rates of the spinous process with the arcus vertebrae at 6 and 12 months in modified LSPSL were 56.3% and 81.3%, respectively.
The modified LSPSL procedure was less invasive to the paravertebral muscles and could be a laminoplasty; therefore, the modified LSPSL procedure presents an effective alternative to lumbar laminectomy.
Should we use cortical bone screws for cortical bone trajectory?
Authors: Ueno Masaki , Sakai Rina , Tanaka Kensei , Inoue Gen , Uchida Kentaro , Imura Takayuki , Saito Wataru , Nakazawa Toshiyuki , Takahira Naonobu , Mabuchi Kiyoshi , Takaso Masashi 
Published: January 2015

OBJECT
In 2009, Santoni et al. reported cortical bone trajectory (CBT) as a method of inserting pedicle screws to obtain more solid fixation, and proposed the use of cortical trajectory screws with a more closely placed thread (cortical screws) for CBT. Since the entry trajectory in CBT differs from that in the traditional trajectory, it is unclear whether the increased strength derives from the specific trajectory or the shape of the screw thread in contact with the cortical bone. Whether the use of cortical screws is always required with CBT thus remains unclear. The authors therefore investigated the relationship between screw entry trajectory and screw thread characteristics and pullout strength in animal experiments.

METHODS
Lumbar vertebrae (L1–L4) from 4-month-old female pigs were randomly assigned to one of 4 groups, with cancellous screws or cortical screws inserted via the traditional trajectory or CBT. For pullout strength testing, the screw was pulled out vertically against the direction of insertion. Rod pullout testing (toggle testing) was also performed, and the peak breaking strength was measured.

RESULTS
The maximum pullout strength was significantly greater for CBT using cortical screws than for the traditional trajectory using cancellous screws. Pullout strength tended to be higher when cortical screws were used in both CBT and the traditional trajectory, although the difference was not significant. Toggle testing showed no significant differences among the 4 groups.

CONCLUSIONS
The specific unconventional trajectory seemed to have a major impact on the increased strength obtained with CBT.
Perspectives for development of ice-core drilling technology: a discussion
Authors: Talalay P.G. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractMore than 170 years ago, Louis Agassiz, one of the creators of glacial theory, made his first attempt to drill into the bed of Unteraargletscher, Swiss Alps. Since that time, various systems for thermal and mechanical drilling have been designed especially for boring into ice, and some conventional drill rigs been adopted for ice coring. Although contemporary ice-drilling knowledge and techniques are now familiar, there remain many problems to be solved by advanced modern technology. Specific challenges related to improving old drilling methods and developing new emerging technologies include: (1) identification of depth limitation of ‘dry’ drilling; (2) improvement of casing; (3) searching for the new environmentally friendly low-temperature drilling fluids; (4) reliable elimination of sticking drills; (5) improvement of core quality in the brittle zone; (6) additional core sampling from borehole walls after the core has been drilled; (7) obtaining oriented core; (8) designing automation drilling systems; (9) developing rapid-access drills. Possible ways of solving these problems are presented below.
Replicate ice-coring system testing
Authors: Johnson Jay A. , Mortensen Nicolai B. , Gibson Christopher J. , Goetz Joshua J. , Shturmakov Alexander J. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractDrilling the WDC06A borehole at the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide with the Deep Ice Sheet Coring (DISC) drill began in December 2007 and was successfully completed in December 2011 to a depth of 3405 m. The design and construction of a replicate coring system for use with the existing DISC drill began in 2010. In January 2012, the new replicate coring system was tested in the parent borehole at WAIS Divide. While a full deviation was not completed during the test period, much was learned about the mechanical, electrical and operational aspects of the system. Extensive testing and modifications were done over the northern/boreal summer to prepare the system for the upcoming and final season of the project. Further tuning of the system continued during the 2012/13 field season at WAIS Divide. This paper identifies the issues found with the system during the initial test season and discusses solutions, methods and testing done to arrive at an operational system.
L’alimentation au Proche-Orient ancien : les sources et leur exploitation
Authors: Michel Cécile 
Published: January 2015

Diet in the Ancient Near East: evidence and interpretation.
In order to recreate the diet of the Ancient Near Eastern people, researchers use archaeological remains, images and texts. These, quite numerous, refer first to the table of the elites and the rations distributed to workers. Archaeological remains are often rubbish (fragments of common pots), culinary facilities (millstone, oven, silos) and funerary deposits. These various sources seem to deal with different aspects of food. But Near Eastern archaeology developed, these last decades, new methods providing new data on food : archaeobotanic and archaeozoology for example, for the study of plant and animal remains. It is now possible to cross archaeological data with texts and images. Three samples dedicated to oil, beveled rim bowls and pigs are analyzed.
Manger en Égypte : multiples témoins
Authors: Farout Dominique 
Published: January 2015

Eating in Ancient Egypt: manifold evidence.
The analysis of the Ancient Egyptians’ diet dates back to the beginning of egyptology. It is based on rich and varied testimonies. Administrative or private writings, inscriptions on monuments, literary fictions, sapiential books or medical compendium, as well as three or two dimensional figures, give vital information. The archaeological evidence, architectural structures, kitchen utensils, and food remains preserved by a particularly dry climate, provide additional elements. Human remains show characteristic pathologies due to some specific diet. The combination of all this data allows us to restore some of the Egyptians’ habits : eating places, customs related to and what is eaten and drunk. However, sometimes, different sources seem to contradict each other.
Les banquets dans le monde romain : alimentation et communication
Authors: Vössing Konrad 
Published: January 2015

Banquets in the Roman World - Alimentation and Communication.
The Roman convivium was characterized, on the one hand, by the common forms of communication which principally determine dining in human communities. These forms are situated in the field of tension between the integrative and competitive wishes of the participants whose medium can even be the food itself. On the other hand, Roman banquets were formed by specific historical conditions : Groups dominated by the strong social asymmetries typical for Roman society dined in the material manifestations of the formative Greek symposion culture which was based on equality. This had consequences for important aspects of the sympotic conviviality such as hospitality, culture of conversation or intimacy and spontaneity.
Variation in Rheumatoid Hand and Wrist Surgery among Medicare Beneficiaries: A Population-based Cohort Study
Authors: Zhong Lin , Chung Kevin C. , Baser Onur , Fox David A. , Yuce Huseyin , Waljee Jennifer F. 
Published: January 2015

Objective.To examine the rate and variation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-related hand and wrist surgery among Medicare (elderly) beneficiaries in the United States, and to identify the patient and provider factors that influence surgical rates.Methods.Using the 2006–2010 100% Medicare claims data of beneficiaries with RA diagnosis, we examined rates of rheumatoid hand and wrist arthroplasty, arthrodesis, and hand tendon reconstruction in the United States. We used multivariate logistic regression models to examine variation in receipt of surgery by patient and regional characteristics (density of providers, intensity of use of biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs).Results.Between 2006 and 2010, the annual rate of RA-related hand and wrist arthroplasty or arthrodesis was 23.1 per 10,000 patients, and the annual rate of hand tendon reconstruction was 4.2 per 10,000 patients. The rates of surgery varied 9-fold across hospital referral regions in the United States. Younger patient age, female sex, white race, higher socioeconomic status (SES), and rural residence were associated with a higher likelihood of undergoing arthroplasty and arthrodesis. We observed a significant decline in rate of arthroplasty and arthrodesis with increasing density of rheumatologists. Tendon reconstruction was not influenced by provider factors, but was correlated with age, race, SES, and rural status of the patients.Conclusion.Surgical reconstruction of rheumatoid hand deformities varies widely across the United States, driven by both regional availability of subspecialty care in rheumatology and individual patient factors.
Effects of Macitentan and Its Active Metabolite on Cultured Human Systemic Sclerosis and Control Skin Fibroblasts
Authors: Cutolo Maurizio , Montagna Paola , Brizzolara Renata , Smith Vanessa , Alessandri Elisa , Villaggio Barbara , Sulli Alberto , Tavilla Pietro Paolo , Pizzorni Carmen , Soldano Stefano 
Published: January 2015

Objective.To investigate the effects of the endothelin 1 (ET-1) receptor antagonists (ETRA) macitentan, its active metabolite ACT-132577, and bosentan on myofibroblast activation and extracellular matrix production induced by ET-1 in cultured systemic sclerosis (SSc) and control skin fibroblasts.Methods.Fibroblasts were obtained from skin biopsies of 6 patients with SSc and 5 healthy subjects. Some cultured cells were untreated or treated with macitentan, ACT-132577, or bosentan alone (10 μM). Other cultured cells were treated with ET-1 alone (100 nM) or with ETRA, and after 1 h, also with ET-1. After 48 h of treatment, myofibroblast activation was investigated to evaluate the α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression by immunofluorescence; type I collagen (COL-1) and fibronectin (FN) were investigated by immunocytochemistry, Western blotting, and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Statistical analysis was performed by the nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test.Results.In cultured SSc skin fibroblasts, only the treatment with macitentan significantly reduced the basal level of α-SMA expression (p = 0.03 vs untreated cells). Macitentan also significantly reduced the basal level of COL-1 synthesis, similarly to bosentan (p < 0.05 vs untreated cells). Macitentan or ACT-132577 antagonized the ability of ET-1 to further induce α-SMA expression (p = 0.03), COL-1, and FN synthesis (p = 0.03, p = 0.005); bosentan showed similar effects. These results obtained by immunofluorescence and immunocytochemistry were confirmed by Western blotting and qRT-PCR. The downregulatory effects exerted by ETRA were observed also in cultured human control skin fibroblasts.Conclusion.Macitentan and ACT-132577 seem to downregulate in vitro the profibrotic myofibroblast phenotype induced by ET-1 in cultured human SSc skin fibroblasts.
L'Arabie saoudite : un magistère sur l'islam contesté
Authors: Lacroix Stéphane 
Published: January 2015

Le système politique saoudien se fonde sur un partenariat conclu au xviii e siècle entre princes et oulémas partisans de l’islam dit wahhabite. De son maintien dépend la légitimité religieuse de la famille régnante. Or, dans la seconde moitié du xx e siècle, des tensions sans précédent se sont fait jour entre princes et oulémas, émanant notamment d’une nouvelle génération de clercs contestataires. Ces tensions fragilisent le pouvoir de la famille régnante, en dépit des efforts de cette dernière pour dépolitiser l’islam saoudien.
Révolution énergétique, révolutions politiques ?
Authors: Maisonneuve Cécile , de Boncourt Maïté 
Published: January 2015

Épicentres de la production d’hydrocarbures, les États du Golfe doivent s’adapter à un paysage énergétique bouleversé par l’arrivée de nouvelles ressources sur le marché et par le retournement historique de la demande dans les pays européens. Consommer moins et développer des énergies alternatives pour réserver les hydrocarbures à l’exportation : le défi est immense pour des pays au sein desquels la paix sociale repose sur une consommation sans limite d’énergies subventionnées. À terme, c’est leur stabilité économique, sociale et politique qui est en jeu, ainsi que leur capacité à rester des acteurs clés du système énergétique mondial.
Le Golfe vu des Émirats arabes unis et de l'Iran
Authors: al-Qassemi Sultan Sooud , Sariolghalam Mahmoud 
Published: January 2015

Sultan Sooud al-Qassemi, qui a soutenu les révolutions arabes dont le résultat l’a déçu, constate que les États du Golfe en sont sortis intacts. Ils connaissent aujourd’hui deux menaces : une menace intérieure, celle des Frères musulmans, qu’ils espèrent éliminer ; une menace extérieure, celle de l’Iran, alors même qu’un rapprochement de Téhéran avec Washington est possible. Pour Mahmoud Sariolghalam, le rapprochement entre l’Iran et l’Occident ne pourra cependant être que très progressif et s’opérer à moyen terme. Les liens privilégiés des États-Unis avec les États du Golfe demeureront et l’Iran ne pourra pas redevenir le gendarme du Golfe.
Les cinq étapes de Témoignage chrétien
Authors: Fouilloux Étienne 
Published: January 2015

Héritier du Courrier français du Témoignage chrétien , né dans la clandestinité en 1943, l’hebdomadaire Témoignage chrétien se radicalise au tournant des années 1950 et 1960 : opposition à la guerre d’Algérie et engagement, dès 1962, pour un concile Vatican III qui serait celui des laïcs. Il connaît une seconde phase de radicalisation à partir de 1967-1968 : adoption de la cause palestinienne, adhésion à l’Union de la gauche et participation à la contestation intra-ecclésiale. Cette nouvelle radicalisation, le vieillissement et le non-renouvellement de son lectorat diminuent son audience et menacent son existence dès avant le « coup d’État » de 1996 contre Georges Montaron, avec lequel le journal s’identifiait depuis 1955.
La République briseuse de grèves et l'amnistie (1905-1914)
Authors: Gacon Stéphane 
Published: January 2015

Confrontés à la violence des conflits sociaux de la fin du siècle, les radicaux mènent une politique associant répression, clémence et réformes qui débouche sur un usage systématique de l’amnistie. Appuyée sur une longue tradition républicaine de clémence, celle-ci vise à consolider les cadres de la « civilisation républicaine » en fixant les limites entre le licite et l’illicite. Répondant volontiers aux logiques électorales, l’amnistie est pensée comme un moyen pédagogique de maintenir le monde du travail à distance de la tentation socialiste. Cependant, les débats qui l’entourent témoignent de la persistance d’une hantise du peuple qui se reconfigure parmi les élites au moment où le monde ouvrier prend de l’ampleur et s’organise.
« Nous les Latino-Américains, nous qui n'avons ni canons, ni cuirassés »
Authors: Ortega Orozco Adriana , Robinet Romain 
Published: January 2015

Cet article étudie les liens entre deux événements longtemps analysés de manière séparée par l’historiographie : la Première Guerre mondiale et la Révolution mexicaine. Les deux processus entrèrent pourtant en interaction. Le Mexique révolutionnaire fut confronté au spectre de l’entrée en guerre en avril 1917, peu après la promulgation de sa nouvelle Constitution. À l’instar d’autres pays latino-américains, le pays fut le théâtre d’une véritable « guerre des esprits », opposant neutralistes, défenseurs de l’Entente ou des empires centraux. De la présidence de la République au mouvement étudiant, en passant par le Congrès constituant, la presse et les intellectuels, cet article analyse les positions contradictoires des élites révolutionnaires face à la Grande Guerre.
Strength Training and Shoulder Proprioception
Authors: Salles José Inácio , Velasques Bruna , Cossich Victor , Nicoliche Eduardo , Ribeiro Pedro , Amaral Marcus Vinicius , Motta Geraldo 
Published: January 2015

Context:Proprioception is essential to motor control and joint stability during daily and sport activities. Recent studies demonstrated that athletes have better joint position sense (JPS) when compared with controls matched for age, suggesting that physical training could have an effect on proprioception.Objective:To evaluate the result of an 8-week strength-training program on shoulder JPS and to verify whether using training intensities that are the same or divergent for the shoulder's dynamic-stabilizer muscles promote different effects on JPS.Design:Randomized controlled clinical trial.Setting:We evaluated JPS in a research laboratory and conducted training in a gymnasium.Patients or Other Participants:A total of 90 men, right handed and asymptomatic, with no history of any type of injury or shoulder instability.Intervention(s):For 8 weeks, the participants performed the strength-training program 3 sessions per week. We used 4 exercises (bench press, lat pull down, shoulder press, and seated row), with 2 sets each.Main Outcome Measure(s):We measured shoulder JPS acuity by calculating the absolute error.Results:We found an interaction between group and time. To examine the interaction, we conducted two 1-way analyses of variance comparing groups at each time. The groups did not differ at pretraining; however, a difference among groups was noted posttraining.Conclusions:Strength training using exercises at the same intensity produced an improvement in JPS compared with exercises of varying intensity, suggesting that the former resulted in improvements in the sensitivity of muscle spindles and, hence, better neuromuscular control in the shoulder.
Acromiohumeral Distance and 3-Dimensional Scapular Position Change After Overhead Muscle Fatigue
Authors: Maenhout Annelies , Dhooge Famke , Van Herzeele Maarten , Palmans Tanneke , Cools Ann 
Published: January 2015

Context:Muscle fatigue due to repetitive and prolonged overhead sports activity is considered an important factor contributing to impingement-related rotator cuff pathologic conditions in overhead athletes. The evidence on scapular and glenohumeral kinematic changes after fatigue is contradicting and prohibits conclusions about how shoulder muscle fatigue affects acromiohumeral distance.Objective:To investigate the effect of a fatigue protocol resembling overhead sports activity on acromiohumeral distance and 3-dimensional scapular position in overhead athletes.Design:Cross-sectional study.Setting:Institutional laboratory.Patients or Other Participants:A total of 29 healthy recreational overhead athletes (14 men, 15 women; age = 22.23 ± 2.82 years, height = 178.3 ± 7.8 cm, mass = 71.6 ± 9.5 kg).Intervention(s)The athletes were tested before and after a shoulder muscle-fatiguing protocol.Main Outcome Measure(s)Acromiohumeral distance was measured using ultrasound, and scapular position was determined with an electromagnetic motion-tracking system. Both measurements were performed at 3 elevation positions (0°, 45°, and 60° of abduction). We used a 3-factor mixed model for data analysis.Results:After fatigue, the acromiohumeral distance increased when the upper extremity was actively positioned at 45° (Δ = 0.78 ± 0.24 mm, P = .002) or 60° (Δ = 0.58 ± 0.23 mm, P = .02) of abduction. Scapular position changed after fatigue to a more externally rotated position at 45° (Δ = 4.97° ± 1.13°, P &lt; .001) and 60° (Δ = 4.61° ± 1.90°, P = .001) of abduction, a more upwardly rotated position at 45° (Δ = 6.10° ± 1.30°, P &lt; .001) and 60° (Δ = 7.20° ± 1.65°, P &lt; .001) of abduction, and a more posteriorly tilted position at 0°, 45°, and 60° of abduction (Δ = 1.98° ± 0.41°, P &lt; .001).Conclusions:After a fatiguing protocol, we found changes in acromiohumeral distance and scapular position that corresponded with an impingement-sparing situation.