bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in electrical resistivity track changes in tectonic plate coupling
Authors: Heise Wiebke , Caldwell T. Grant , Bertrand Edward A. , Hill Graham J. , Bennie Stewart L. , Ogawa Yasuo 
Published: October 2013

AbstractInterplate coupling on the Hikurangi subduction margin along the east coast of New Zealand's North Island changes north to south from almost uncoupled to locked. Clay‐rich sediments and aqueous fluids at the subduction interface have been invoked as key factors in the frictional processes that control interplate coupling. Here we use magnetotelluric data to show that the subduction interface in the weakly coupled region is electrically conductive but is resistive in the locked region. These results indicate the presence of a layer of fluid‐ and clay‐rich sediments in the weakly coupled region and support the idea that the presence of fluid and hydrated clays at the interface is a major factor controlling plate coupling.
Chemoselectivity in the Reaction of 2‐Diazo‐3‐oxo‐3‐phenylpropanal with Aldehydes and Ketones
Authors: Zhang Jiantao , Xu Jiaxi 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe chemoselectivity in the reaction of 2‐diazo‐3‐oxo‐3‐phenylpropanal (1) with aldehydes and ketones in the presence of Et3N was investigated. The results indicate that 1 reacts with aromatic aldehydes with weak electron‐donating substituents and cyclic ketones under formation of 6‐phenyl‐4H‐1,3‐dioxin‐4‐one derivatives. However, it reacts with aromatic aldehydes with electron‐withdrawing substituents to yield 1,3‐diaryl‐3‐hydroxypropan‐1‐ones, accompanied by chalcone derivatives in some cases. It did not react with linear ketones, aliphatic aldehydes, and aromatic aldehydes with strong electron‐donating substituents. A mechanism for the formation of 1,3‐diaryl‐3‐hydroxypropan‐1‐ones and chalcone derivatives is proposed. We also tried to react 1 with other unsaturated compounds, including various olefins and nitriles, and cumulated unsaturated compounds, such as N,N′‐dialkylcarbodiimines, phenyl isocyanate, isothiocyanate, and CS2. Only with N,N′‐dialkylcarbodiimines, the expected cycloaddition took place.
Clerodendrumic Acid, a New Triterpenoid from Clerodendrum glabrum (Verbenaceae), and Antimicrobial Activities of Fractions and Constituents
Authors: Masevhe Ndivhaleni A. , Awouafack Maurice D. , Ahmed Aroke S. , McGaw Lyndy J. , Eloff Jacobus N. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractOne new triterpenoid, (3β,11α,19β)‐3‐(butanoyloxy)‐11‐hydroxytaraxast‐20(30)‐ene‐23,28‐dioic acid (clerodendrumic acid; 1) was isolated from the hexane extract of the leaves of Clerodendrum glabrum var. glabrum along with heptadecanoic acid (2). The structure of the new compound was elucidated by interpretation of its NMR (1D and 2D), MS, and IR data. Combined fractions C and D from the column chromatography of the hexane extract exhibited significant antifungal activities (average MIC of 0.10 mg/ml) against Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans. C. albicans was relatively resistant to clerodendrumic acid (1; MIC 125 μg/ml) and was resistant to heptadecanoic acid (2; MIC 188 μg/ml). Both compounds had low antibacterial activities against two Gram‐positive and two Gram‐negative bacteria with average MIC values of 157 and 172 μg/ml, respectively. Compounds 1 and 2 were relatively nontoxic against monkey kidney Vero cells in vitro with IC50 values of 202.6 and 108.4 μg/ml, respectively.
Identification of Six New Minor Diarylheptanoids from the Seeds of Alpinia katsumadai
Authors: Nam Joo‐Won , Seo Eun‐Kyoung 
Published: October 2013

AbstractPhytochemical investigation of the seeds of Alpinia katsumadai (Zingiberaceae) led to the isolation and identification of six new diarylheptanoid derivatives, katsumains D–G (1–4), 3‐(acetyloxy)‐alpinikatin (5), and 5‐(acetyloxy)alpinikatin (6). The structures of 1–6 were elucidated by spectroscopic data analysis including 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR experiments.
Highly Constrained Linear Oligopeptides Containing Heterocyclic α‐Amino Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Stoykova Svetlana A. , Linden Anthony , Heimgartner Heinz 
Published: October 2013

AbstractTwo spiroheterocyclic 2H‐azirin‐3‐amines, 1f and 1g, were shown to be useful synthons for the dipeptides N‐(4‐aminotetrahydro‐2H‐pyran‐4‐yl)prolinate (Thp‐Pro) and the corresponding thiopyran derivative, Tht‐Pro, respectively. By coupling of 4‐bromobenzoic acid with 1f or 1g and saponification, followed by repeating the coupling and saponification steps, oligopeptides of type 4‐BrBz‐(Thp‐Pro)n‐OMe and 4‐BrBz‐(Tht‐Pro)n‐OMe were prepared, and their conformations were evaluated in solution by NMR techniques and in the crystalline state by X‐ray crystallography. All of these sterically highly congested oligopeptides adopt fairly rigid helical conformations. It is interesting to note that the hexapeptide with Thp forms a 310‐helix, whereas the Tht analog has a β‐bend ribbon spiral confirmation.
Three‐dimensional reconstructed MRI of an acrylic meniscal cartilage phantom: The effect of acquisition slice thickness upon accuracy of volume measurement
Authors: Kurmis Andrew P. , Slavotinek John P. , Reynolds Karen J. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to determine the influence of slice thickness upon the accuracy of volume measurement taken from three‐dimensional reconstructed magnetic resonance (MR) images.A pair of scaled meniscal cartilage phantoms (medial and lateral) were created from a low viscosity acrylic casting resin. The two phantoms were imaged simultaneously using a modified proton density turbo spin‐echo (PD TSE) MR sequence at slice thicknesses of 4.0, 3.0, 2.0, 1.5 and 1.0mm. At each slice thickness, a three‐dimensional reconstructed image of each phantom was created, using a commercially available software package. Using the software's inbuilt analysis functions, a volume measurement was then made of each image.The software generated volume measures were compared to a “gold standard” mass/density measure of the phantoms. Percentage measurement error (PME) measures were calculated, with mean values ranging from 19.42% (4.0 mm slice thickness) to 1.05% (1.0 mm). Paired t testing suggested no statistically significant difference (P = 0.15) between the means of the PME values for the two phantoms suggesting an acceptable degree of measurement consistency.In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that the three‐dimensional reconstructed technique can be used to achieve a highly accurate volume measurement (PME < 5%) of irregular (non‐geometric) objects or image components (such as human meniscal cartilages) without the need to employ sub‐millimetre acquisitions. Such slice thicknesses are within the capabilities of most commercial MR scanners, making the results reported here relevant to the majority of clinical imaging sites.
Radiation Induced Diarrhoea — Literature Review
Authors: Hopkins Melissa 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTRadiation‐induced diarrhoea is an acute side effect of radiotherapy treatment to the pelvic area, experienced by nearly all patients. This paper will explore the patho‐physiological rationale of diarrhoea, the causes of radiation‐induced diarrhoea, the factors that influence the severity and occurrence, and the treatment of diarrhoea in relation to the radiotherapy setting, by analysing the current literature and will conclude by outlining future directions in this field.
The NSW Radiation Therapy PDY educational program. A review of the 2002 and 2003 programs
Authors: Beldham‐Collins Rachael , Agustin Cherry Bell 
Published: October 2013

AbstractEach month, nine radiation oncology departments in the public health sector in New South Wales host a one‐day educational program for graduate practitioners completing their professional development year (PDY). Various topics are presented which are considered relevant to graduates in the transition from the academic environment to full time work in busy clinical departments. This paper presents the findings of a review of the NSW State Radiation Therapy PDY educational program for 2002 and 2003 instigated by the NSW Chiefs Group. The program was evaluated to determine whether it enhanced the learning experiences of graduate practitioners during the PDY. The results indicate the educational program has been successful in enhancing the skills of the radiation therapy graduate practitioners. This finding suggests the program is having a positive impact on the experience of the graduate practitioners within radiation therapy in NSW.
Voyages in time
Authors: Piggott Bruce W 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWhile working at Townsville General Hospital in 1999, I was approached by the local museum to x‐ray some artefacts from two shipwrecks. The excavated artefacts, mostly covered in coral and barely recognisable, were from the historically and scientifically significant shipwrecks of the Bounty and Pandora. With the aid of radiography, the conservator was better able to assess, handle and restore these valuable artefacts, which helps further research and education into maritime archaeology. With this material evidence, archaeologists can draw more accurate conclusions about a variety of issues regarding life in the 18th century, while we retain a permanent display to show people the importance of archaeological conservation in the role of history.
Post eclamptic aneurysmal rupture subarachnoid haemorrhage diagnosed in the puerperium
Authors: Coolen Teresa 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe incidence of subarachnoid and / or intracerebral haemorrhage in women during pregnancy is rare. The risk depends on the stage of pregnancy, but seems to be highest during the late third trimester, during delivery and in the puerperium. Headache can be a symptom of both preeclampsia, subarachnoid haemorrhage and other pathologies or conditions. It is essential for pregnant women with a suspected ruptured aneurysm to be investigated and treated without delay, irrespective of fear of harm to the foetus, to avoid complications from aneurysm rupture.This case study presents a 39‐year‐old woman who was 35 weeks and 3 days pregnant with known preeclampsia. She endured a headache for the three days leading up to the delivery with associated diplopia on the third day, but these symptoms were thought to be related to her preeclampsia. Over the three hours following childbirth, her headache became more severe and she suffered from vomiting, loss of vision, torticollis and seizures. Computed tomography (CT) of her head revealed a subarachnoid haemorrhage while CT angiography of the Circle of Willis failed to reveal an aneurysm and 4‐vessel angiography only demonstrated an area slightly suspicious for the presence of an aneurysm. 3D rotational angiography clearly demonstrated a 1–2 mm aneurysm superior to the left terminal internal carotid artery. In this case, 3D rotational angiography proved to be a valuable additional technique. This patient underwent surgery for her ruptured aneurysm and has made an excellent recovery.
Wavelet compression algorithm applied to abdominal ultrasound images
Authors: Lin Cheng‐Hsun , Lee Ming‐Che , Pan Su‐Feng , Lu Chin‐Yuan 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWe sought to investigate acceptable compression ratios of lossy wavelet compression on 640 × 480 × 8 abdominal ultrasound (US) images. We acquired 100 abdominal US images with normal and abnormal findings from the view station of a 932‐bed teaching hospital. The US images were then compressed at quality factors (QFs) of 3, 10, 30, and 50 followed outcomes of a pilot study. This was equal to the average compression ratios of 4.3:1, 8.5:1, 20:1 and 36.6:1, respectively. Four objective measurements were carried out to examine and compare the image degradation between original and compressed images. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was also introduced for subjective assessment. Five experienced and qualified radiologists as reviewers blinded to corresponding pathological findings, analysed paired 400 randomly ordered images with two 17‐inch thin film transistor/liquid crystal display (TFT/LCD) monitors. At ROC analysis, the average area under curve (Az) for US abdominal image was 0.874 at the ratio of 36.6:1. The compressed image size was only 2.7% for US original at this ratio. The objective parameters showed the higher the mean squared error (MSE) or root mean squared error (RMSE) values, the poorer the image quality. The higher signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) or peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR) values indicated better image quality. The average RMSE, PSNR at 36.6:1 for US were 4.84 ± 0.14, 35.45 dB, respectively. This finding suggests that, on the basis of the patient sample, wavelet compression of abdominal US to a ratio of 36.6:1 did not adversely affect diagnostic performance or evaluation error for radiologists' interpretation so as to risk affecting diagnosis
Online corrections — evidence‐based practice utilising electronic portal imaging to improve the accuracy of field placement for locally advanced prostate cancer
Authors: Middleton Mark , Medwell Steve , Rolfo Aldo , See Andrew , Joon Michael Lim 
Published: October 2013

AbstractGiven the onset of dose escalation and increased planning target volume (PTV) conformity, the requirement of accurate field placement has also increased. This study examines the role of online corrections (OC) to increase the accuracy of field placement. This study explores the role of radiation therapists in the process of achieving an online correction.Method Field placement data were collected on patients receiving radical radiotherapy to the prostate. Both intra‐ and inter field data was collected with OC being carried out within the confines of the Ballarat Austin Radiation Oncology Centre (BAROC) prostate Electronic Portal Imaging (EPI) policy.Results Statistical analysis of 740 portal images from 10 patients was carried out, illustrating that without OC field placement will fall at ± 7 mm on a daily basis. This evidence was further supported by a case study of computer dosimetry presenting the worst‐case possible impact upon a patient's total course of treatment if OC were not performed. Discussion The use of OC can prove to be of enormous benefit to both patient and practitioner. For centres with the available technology, it places the responsibility of field placement upon the radiation therapist. This responsibility, and the development of relevant protocols, in turn impacts on the education, training and empowerment of the radiation therapy group. These are issues of the utmost importance to centres considering the use of OC.Conclusions Without the use of OC there is a serious risk of underdosing both CTV and PTV. In this instance the CTV received only 60% of the prescribed dose, while the PTV received only 80% of the expected dose. OC are an important consideration for those looking to dose escalate.
Optimisation of radiation dose and image quality in 3D multi‐detector CT angiography in abdominal aortic aneurysm: an in vitro aorta phantom study
Authors: McCann Kirstie , Lim Victor , Tomlinson Guy , Way Jason , Alshamakhi Ahmed , Ong Jeanette , Sun Zhonghua 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe aim of the study was to investigate the relationship of radiation dose and image quality in 3D multi‐detector computed tomography (CT) angiography of abdominal aortic aneurysm based on an aorta phantom.The study was conducted using a human aorta phantom modelled on a patient with an abdominal aortic aneurysm. To perform the scans of the aorta phantom, it was placed in a specially designed, sealable perspex container, which was filled with iodinated contrast medium. A series of scans was performed using different protocols to test the effect on dose and image quality. These were: the variable detectors (4‐, 32‐ and 64‐slice) used in image acquisition, x‐ray tube current (mA) and pitch values.A line profile analysis was conducted at three separate locations for each different protocol, namely: the renal artery, superior mesenteric artery, and abdominal aortic aneurysm to determine the degree of image artefacts using standard deviation, which was measured on the virtual intravascular endoscopy images. The effective dose was also calculated for each scanning protocol.The results indicate that the scans performed on 64 detectors multi‐detector CT produce better image quality compared to 32 and 4 detectors. Increasing scanning parameters such as mA enhances image quality but it also increases the patient's radiation dose. It is also noted that the pitch is inversely proportional to radiation dose, resulting in degradation of image quality. From these results, a 64 multi‐detector CT scanner with a scanning protocol of 120 kVp, 70 mA, and a pitch of 0.641 is ideal for imaging of abdominal aortic aneurysms because it allows for fewer artefacts and less radiation dose when compared to other scanning protocols.
Perceptions of reflective practice among recent Australian radiation therapy graduates
Authors: Brackenridge Sharon A. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractReflective practice has been established as playing a critical role in advancing and improving skills, knowledge and practice amongst professionals. Elements of reflective practice are encouraged during radiation therapy student education, yet improved student engagement may facilitate greater translation of this reflective activity into postgraduate clinical practice. This study aims to identify some of the perceptions about reflective practice among recently graduated radiation therapists and their recommendations for improving student engagement with structured reflection. Further, it is suggested that the learning goals of radiation therapy students and their ongoing professional development goals may be better supported through development of understanding, knowledge and skills in reflective practice among the broader community of clinical radiation therapists.
Exercise regimes for treatment of cancer related fatigue
Authors: Beal Alison 
Published: October 2013

AbstractCancer related fatigue is a common side effect reported by patients undergoing cancer treatments and can have a significant effect on the daily life of the patient. Regardless, many patients are not recommended any treatment to combat this problem. A significant number of patients have reported decreased levels of cancer related fatigue after exercise. As such, exercise has been investigated as a treatment for cancer related fatigue. This paper reviews the relevant literature regarding the assessment of cancer related fatigue, the impact of exercise‐based interventions on cancer related fatigue and adherence to these interventions.
Does biplane imaging reduce contrast load, procedural and screening time compared to single‐plane imaging in routine diagnostic coronary angiography?
Authors: Sadick Victoria , Trinh Linda , Fernandes Ginella , Pau Pedro , Spiteri Michael , Vu Lan Ahn , Gurunathan Pratheesh , Shoy Victoria Lee , Robinson John 
Published: October 2013

AbstractDiagnostic coronary angiography requires radiographic contrast media that can cause complications such as contrast‐induced nephropathy (CIN). Biplane imaging in diagnostic coronary angiography has been assumed to be beneficial to the patient in reducing total radiographic contrast dosage and examination time, yet there are no definitive studies to support this widely held assumption. A retrospective study was conducted to determine if biplane imaging substantially reduces contrast load, procedural time and screening time in routine diagnostic coronary angiography. Radiographic records of 1156 patients were collected over a period of two years from a major Sydney metropolitan hospital. Patients who underwent a routine diagnostic coronary angiogram and left ventriculogram (LV) were selected on predetermined criteria. The mean total contrast volume showed a small but significant reduction with biplane versus single‐plane imaging (117.5 mL v. 124.3mL, P <0.001). There was a small but significant increase in table time with biplane compared to single‐plane imaging (47.3 min v. 45.2 min, P >0.024). Similarly, a small but significant prolongation in screening time was found with biplane compared to single‐plane imaging (4.8 min v. 4.2 min, P <0.003). The mean number of cine angiography runs was 13.6 in biplane and 9.5 in single‐plane (P <0.001).These results contradict the assumption that biplane cine angiography substantially reduces contrast load, procedural and screening time when compared to single‐plane imaging.
Mandatory reporting of child abuse requirements for medical imaging professionals throughout Australia
Authors: Denham Gary 
Published: October 2013

AbstractLaws exist in most states of Australia regarding mandatory reporting of suspected child abuse. In all Australian jurisdictions, the legislation stipulates various people or professions are mandated to report suspected cases of child abuse. In some states, medical imaging professionals are included in the groups of prescribed people mandated to report their suspicions of child abuse, but these laws vary greatly in each state.Medical imaging professionals must be familiar with their legal obligations and the protection to the reporter provided by those Acts. Even if not legally obligated to report, medical imaging professions can fulfil their moral obligations with protection provided for voluntary reporting by the various Acts throughout Australia.
Communication and electronic access ‐ medical radiation science clinical centres' perspective
Authors: Lyall DG , Surjan Y 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe last decade has seen a dramatic increase in the availability and use of electronic devices and information in day‐to‐day lives and in the workplace. The tertiary education sector has embraced the electronic age and has, in our cases, taken the lead with innovative use of information technology (IT). While the flexibility IT provides appeals to students and creates new opportunities, the IT infrastructure and staff development required to make full use of the new facilities requires significant investment. The aim of this study was to survey medical radiation science professional centres to assess the availability of IT resources, determine who has access to the IT resources and sample staff attitudes towards their preferred method of communication with the university. A questionnaire was mailed to each Chief Nuclear Medicine Scientist, Chief Radiation Therapist and Chief Radiographer for each clinical centre that participated in The University of Newcastle's clinical placement program (PPS). One hundred and thirty one questionnaires were returned, a response rate of 51%. Twenty‐seven responses from nuclear medicine centres (50%), twenty‐four responses from radiation therapy centres (70%) and 80 responses from diagnostic radiography centres (48%). The majority (85%) of respondents reported they had between three and 30 computers where staff could access the internet, word processing and email. The preferred method of communication was email (52%) versus letter (30%) and telephone (17%). In the event that work load increased, email was a preferred method of communication where the preference for telephone and letters decreased.