bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two-loop master integrals for leading-color $$ pp\to t\overline{t}H $$ amplitudes with a light-quark loop
Authors: Cordero F. Febres , Figueiredo G. , Kraus M. , Page B. , Reina L. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We compute the two-loop master integrals for leading-color QCD scattering amplitudes including a closed light-quark loop in $$ t\overline{t}H $$
t

t
¯

H
production at hadron colliders. Exploiting numerical evaluations in modular arithmetic, we construct a basis of master integrals satisfying a system of differential equations in ϵ-factorized form. We present the analytic form of the differential equations in terms of a minimal set of differential one-forms. We explore properties of the function space of analytic solutions to the differential equations in terms of iterative integrals which can be exploited for studying the analytic form of related scattering amplitudes. Finally, we solve the differential equations using generalized series expansions to numerically evaluate the master integrals in physical phase space. As the first computation of a set of two-loop seven-scale master integrals, our results provide valuable input for analytic studies of scattering amplitudes in processes involving massive particles and a large number of kinematic scales.
Ladder symmetries and Love numbers of Reissner-Nordström black holes
Authors: Rai Mudit , Santoni Luca 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
It is well known that asymptotically flat black holes in general relativity have vanishing tidal Love numbers. In the case of Schwarzschild and Kerr black holes, this property has been shown to be a consequence of a hidden structure of ladder symmetries for the perturbations. In this work, we extend the ladder symmetries to non-rotating charged black holes in general relativity. As opposed to previous works in this context, we adopt a more general definition of Love numbers, including quadratic operators that mix gravitational and electromagnetic perturbations in the point-particle effective field theory. We show that the calculation of a subset of those couplings in full general relativity is affected by an ambiguity in the split between source and response, which we resolve through an analytic continuation. As a result, we derive a novel master equation that unifies scalar, electromagnetic and gravitational perturbations around Reissner-Nordström black holes. The equation is hypergeometric and can be obtained from previous formulations via nontrivial field redefinitions, which allow to systematically remove some of the singularities and make the presence of the ladder symmetries more manifest.
Neural network learning and Quantum Gravity
Authors: Lanza Stefano 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The landscape of low-energy effective field theories stemming from string theory is too vast for a systematic exploration. However, the meadows of the string landscape may be fertile ground for the application of machine learning techniques. Employing neural network learning may allow for inferring novel, undiscovered properties that consistent theories in the landscape should possess, or checking conjectural statements about alleged characteristics thereof. The aim of this work is to describe to what extent the string landscape can be explored with neural network-based learning. Our analysis is motivated by recent studies that show that the string landscape is characterized by finiteness properties, emerging from its underlying tame, o-minimal structures. Indeed, employing these results, we illustrate that any low-energy effective theory of string theory is endowed with certain statistical learnability properties. Consequently, several local learning problems therein formulated, including interpolations and multi-class classification problems, can be concretely addressed with machine learning, delivering results with sufficiently high accuracy.
Human post-implantation blastocyst-like characteristics of Muse cells isolated from human umbilical cord
Authors: Kushida Yoshihiro , Oguma Yo , Abe Kana , Deguchi Taichi , Barbera Federico Girolamo , Nishimura Noriyuki , Fujioka Kazumichi , Iwatani Sota , Dezawa Mari 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMuse cells, identified as cells positive for the pluripotent surface marker SSEA-3, are pluripotent-like endogenous stem cells located in the bone marrow (BM), peripheral blood, and organ connective tissues. The detailed characteristics of SSEA-3(+) cells in extraembryonic tissue, however, are unknown. Here, we demonstrated that similar to human-adult tissue-Muse cells collected from the BM, adipose tissue, and dermis as SSEA-3(+), human-umbilical cord (UC)-SSEA-3(+) cells express pluripotency markers, differentiate into triploblastic-lineage cells at a single cell level, migrate to damaged tissue, and exhibit low telomerase activity and non-tumorigenicity. Notably, ~ 20% of human-UC-SSEA-3(+) cells were negative for X-inactive specific transcript (XIST), a naïve pluripotent stem cell characteristic, whereas all human adult tissue-Muse cells are XIST-positive. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that the gene expression profile of human-UC-SSEA-3(+) cells was more similar to that of human post-implantation blastocysts than human-adult tissue-Muse cells. The DNA methylation level showed the same trend, and notably, the methylation levels in genes particularly related to differentiation were lower in human-UC-SSEA-3(+) cells than in human-adult tissue-Muse cells. Furthermore, human-UC-SSEA-3(+) cells newly express markers specific to extraembryonic-, germline-, and hematopoietic-lineages after differentiation induction in vitro whereas human-adult tissue-Muse cells respond only partially to the induction. Among various stem/progenitor cells in living bodies, those that exhibit properties similar to post-implantation blastocysts in a naïve state have not yet been found in humans. Easily accessible human-UC-SSEA-3(+) cells may be a valuable tool for studying early-stage human development and human reproductive medicine.
A joint model of longitudinal pharmacokinetic and time-to-event data to study exposure–response relationships: a proof-of-concept study with alectinib
Authors: Lin Lishi , van der Noort Vincent , Steeghs Neeltje , Ruiter Gerrina , Beijnen Jos H. , Huitema Alwin D. R. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
In exposure–response analyses of oral targeted anticancer agents, longitudinal plasma trough concentrations are often aggregated into a single value even though plasma trough concentrations can vary over time due to dose adaptations, for example. The aim of this study was to compare joint models to conventional exposure–response analyses methods with the application of alectinib as proof-of-concept.

Methods
Joint models combine longitudinal pharmacokinetic data and progression-free survival data to infer the dependency and association between the two datatypes. The results from the best joint model and the standard and time-dependent cox proportional hazards models were compared. To normalize the data, alectinib trough concentrations were normalized using a sigmoidal transformation to transformed trough concentrations (TTC) before entering the models.

Results
No statistically significant exposure–response relationship was observed in the different Cox models. In contrast, the joint model with the current value of TTC in combination with the average TTC over time did show an exposure–response relationship for alectinib. A one unit increase in the average TTC corresponded to an 11% reduction in progression (HR, 0.891; 95% confidence interval, 0.805–0.988).

Conclusion
Joint models are able to give insights in the association structure between plasma trough concentrations and survival outcomes that would otherwise not be possible using Cox models. Therefore, joint models should be used more often in exposure–response analyses of oral targeted anticancer agents.
On the Connected Blocks Polytope
Authors: Bruckamp Justus , Chimani Markus , Juhnke Martina 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we study the connected blocks polytope, which, apart from its own merits, can be seen as the generalization of certain connectivity based or Eulerian subgraph polytopes. We provide a complete facet description of this polytope, characterize its edges and show that it is Hirsch. We also show that connected blocks polytopes admit a regular unimodular triangulation by constructing a squarefree Gröbner basis. In addition, we prove that the polytope is Gorenstein of index 2 and that its $$h^*$$

h
∗

-vector is unimodal.
On Pisier Type Theorems
Authors: Nešetřil Jaroslav , Rödl Vojtěch , Sales Marcelo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFor any integer $$h\geqslant 2$$

h
⩾
2

, a set of integers $$B=\{b_i\}_{i\in I}$$

B
=

{

b
i

}

i
∈
I

is a $$B_h$$

B
h

-set if all h-sums $$b_{i_1}+\ldots +b_{i_h}$$

b

i
1

+
…
+

b

i
h

with $$i_1<\ldots <i_h$$

i
1

<
…
<

i
h

are distinct. Answering a question of Alon and Erdős [2], for every $$h\geqslant 2$$

h
⩾
2

we construct a set of integers X which is not a union of finitely many $$B_h$$

B
h

-sets, yet any finite subset $$Y\subseteq X$$

Y
⊆
X

contains an $$B_h$$

B
h

-set Z with $$|Z|\geqslant \varepsilon |Y|$$

|
Z
|
⩾
ε
|
Y
|

, where $$\varepsilon :=\varepsilon (h)$$

ε
:
=
ε
(
h
)

. We also discuss questions related to a problem of Pisier about the existence of a set A with similar properties when replacing $$B_h$$

B
h

-sets by the requirement that all finite sums $$\sum _{j\in J}b_j$$

∑

j
∈
J

b
j

are distinct.
Validity of Ultra-Short-Term Heart Rate Variability Derived from Femoral Arterial Pulse Waveform in a British Military Cohort
Authors: Maqsood Rabeea , Schofield Susie , Bennett Alexander N. , Khattab Ahmed , Bull Anthony M. J. , Fear Nicola T. , Boos Christopher J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractVarious non-electrocardiogram (ECG) based methods are considered reliable sources of heart rate variability (HRV) measurement. However, the ultra-short recording of a femoral arterial waveform has never been validated against the gold-standard ECG-based 300s HRV and was the aim of this study.A validity study was conducted using a sample from the first follow-up of the longitudinal ADVANCE study UK. The participants were adult servicemen (n = 100); similar in age, rank, and deployment period (Afghanistan 2003–2014). The femoral arterial waveforms (14s) from the pulse wave velocity (PWV) assessment, and ECG (300s) were recorded at rest in the supine position using the Vicorder™ and Bittium Faros™ devices, respectively, in the same session. HRV analysis was performed using Kubios Premium. Resting heart rate (HR) and root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) were reported. The Bland-Altman %plots were constructed to explore the PWV-ECG agreement in HRV measurement. A further exploratory analysis was conducted across methods and durations.The participants’ mean age was 38.0 ± 5.3 years. Both PWV-derived HR (r = 0.85) and RMSSD (rs=0.84) showed strong correlations with their 300s-ECG counterparts (p < 0.001). Mean HR was significantly higher with ECG than PWV (mean bias: -12.71 ± 7.73%, 95%CI: -14.25%, -11.18%). In contrast, the difference in RMSSD between the two methods was non-significant [mean bias: -2.90 ± 37.82% (95%CI: -10.40%, 4.60%)] indicating good agreement. An exploratory analysis of 14s ECG-vs-300s ECG measurement revealed strong agreement in both RMSSD and HR.The 14s PWV-derived RMSSD strongly agrees with the gold-standard (300s-ECG-based) RMSSD at rest. Conversely, HR appears method sensitive.
Weak convergence of tamed exponential integrators for stochastic differential equations
Authors: Erdoğan Utku , Lord Gabriel J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe prove weak convergence of order one for a class of exponential based integrators for SDEs with non-globally Lipschitz drift. Our analysis covers tamed versions of Geometric Brownian Motion (GBM) based methods as well as the standard exponential schemes. The numerical performance of both the GBM and exponential tamed methods through four different multi-level Monte Carlo techniques are compared. We observe that for linear noise the standard exponential tamed method requires severe restrictions on the step size unlike the GBM tamed method.
The significance of the apelinergic system in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity
Authors: Matusik Katarzyna , Kamińska Katarzyna , Sobiborowicz-Sadowska Aleksandra , Borzuta Hubert , Buczma Kasper , Cudnoch-Jędrzejewska Agnieszka 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCancer is the leading cause of death worldwide, and the number of cancer-related deaths is expected to increase. Common types of cancer include skin, breast, lung, prostate, and colorectal cancers. While clinical research has improved cancer therapies, these treatments often come with significant side effects such as chronic fatigue, hair loss, and nausea. In addition, cancer treatments can cause long-term cardiovascular complications. Doxorubicin (DOX) therapy is one example, which can lead to decreased left ventricle (LV) echocardiography (ECHO) parameters, increased oxidative stress in cellular level, and even cardiac fibrosis. The apelinergic system, specifically apelin and its receptor, together, has shown properties that could potentially protect the heart and mitigate the damages caused by DOX anti-cancer treatment. Studies have suggested that stimulating the apelinergic system may have therapeutic benefits for heart damage induced by DOX. Further research in chronic preclinical models is needed to confirm this hypothesis and understand the mechanism of action for the apelinergic system. This review aims to collect and present data on the effects of the apelinergic system on doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity.
Gradient-Based Monte Carlo Methods for Relaxation Approximations of Hyperbolic Conservation Laws
Authors: Bertaglia Giulia , Pareschi Lorenzo , Caflisch Russel E. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractParticle methods based on evolving the spatial derivatives of the solution were originally introduced to simulate reaction-diffusion processes, inspired by vortex methods for the Navier–Stokes equations. Such methods, referred to as gradient random walk methods, were extensively studied in the ’90s and have several interesting features, such as being grid-free, automatically adapting to the solution by concentrating elements where the gradient is large, and significantly reducing the variance of the standard random walk approach. In this work, we revive these ideas by showing how to generalize the approach to a larger class of partial differential equations, including hyperbolic systems of conservation laws. To achieve this goal, we first extend the classical Monte Carlo method to relaxation approximation of systems of conservation laws, and subsequently consider a novel particle dynamics based on the spatial derivatives of the solution. The methodology, combined with asymptotic-preserving splitting discretization, yields a way to construct a new class of gradient-based Monte Carlo methods for hyperbolic systems of conservation laws. Several results in one spatial dimension for scalar equations and systems of conservation laws show that the new methods are very promising and yield remarkable improvements compared to standard Monte Carlo approaches, either in terms of variance reduction as well as in describing the shock structure.
Studies for mutual solubility of TODGA and water at 298.15 K and 0.1 MPa
Authors: Kumar Shekhar 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTetra-octyl diglycolic amide (TODGA) is an emerging novel solvent for flowsheet demonstrations of novel nuclear extraction processes used in nuclear fuel cycle and associated waste management activities. Mutual solubilities of extractant and water are important process parameters for modeling the mass transfer as these are vital for phase volume change calculations. Experimental results for aqueous solubility of TODGA were reported based on SCWO assisted persulphate based TOC measurements. Experimental results for solubility of water in the binary solutions of TODGA and n-dodecane were reported based on KF titration. Reported values were correlated by empirical equations.
Physiologic and anatomic determinants of hyoid motion during drug-induced sleep endoscopy
Authors: Parekh Manan H. , Thuler Eric , Triantafillou Vasiliki , Seay Everett , Sehgal Chandra , Schultz Susan , Keenan Brendan T. , Schwartz Alan R. , Dedhia Raj C. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To examine factors accounting for differences in hyoid motion during obstructive breathing events amongst obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients.

Methods
This was a prospective cohort study from June 2022 to October 2022. Patients with OSA undergoing evaluation for PAP alternative therapies with drug-induced sleep endoscopy with positive airway pressure titration (DISE-PAP). All patients underwent DISE-PAP and concurrent hyoid-focused ultrasound. DISE-PAP enabled measurement of airway physiology (flow, respiratory effort) and airway collapsibility (pharyngeal opening pressure, PhOP). Hyoid-ultrasound enabled hyoid bone movement during obstructive breathing. Respiratory effort was measured using a retro-epiglottic pressure-sensitive catheter. Hyoid position was measured using a standardized, awake, CT protocol. Regression analyses adjusted for age, race, sex, and BMI were performed to associate indices of respiratory effort and CT data with hyoid motion.

Results
On average, the 26 patients in this cohort were older (63.9 ± 10.5 years), male (69%), overweight (29.6 ± 3.99 kg/m2), and with moderate-to-severe OSA (26.8 ± 10.4 events/hour). Greater respiratory effort was associated with increased hyoid motion (β [95% CI] = 0.034 [0.016,0.052], standardized β = 0.261,p = 0.0003). Higher hyoid position was associated with greater hyoid displacement (β [95% CI] = -0.20 [-0.38,-0.01], Standardized β = -0.57, p = 0.036).

Conclusion
Our data demonstrate that greater respiratory effort, higher hyoid position, and higher airway collapsibility, but not airflow, are associated with greater hyoid motion during obstructive breathing in DISE. These findings suggest that downward hyoid movement represents a compensatory response to upper airway obstruction. Further studies should investigate the vectors of hyoid motion to better understand its role in sleep-related airway collapse.
Fuel Subsidies in Ecuador: A Computable General Equilibrium Model for Targeting Evaluation
Authors: Montenegro-Casa Cristhian , Ramírez-Álvarez José 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Fuel subsidies have been an enduring policy in Ecuador’s political and economic history. Given their lack of targeting and high opportunity cost, they have been amply criticized. As of 2017, the Ecuadorian government started a budget consolidation plan that so far has involved seven reforms to subsidies policy in less than seven years. In late 2019, in response to social unrest motivated by a temporal elimination of fuel subsidies, the government pledged to study new targeting mechanisms for this policy to mitigate the impact on the most vulnerable sectors. This work seeks to contribute to that effort by evaluating the macroeconomic effects of these subsidies and serving as a guideline for targeting. A computable general equilibrium model is used to assess counterfactual scenarios. The results suggest that by implementing progressiveness and productive linkage criteria, targeting household final consumption and intermediate consumption is a feasible way to reduce the reforms’ negative effects.
The Fluvial Battering Ram: Collisional Experiments Reveal the Importance of Particle Impact Energies on Bedrock Erosional Efficiency
Authors: Masteller C. C. , Chandler H. , Bower J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe battering of bedrock by bedload collisions is the primary mechanism by which bedrock rivers erode and landscapes evolve. The energy imparted via impacts acts to detach bedrock via the growth and intersection of surface fractures. We present impact experiments designed to test the influence of particle impact energy on bedrock erosion rates. We found that erosional efficiency increased with increasing impact energy. Notably, these increases in efficiency are not captured by a widely‐used mechanistic bedrock erosion model. Observed increases in erosional efficiency were linked with enhanced elastic energy dissipation captured by differences in the coefficient of restitution. We suggest that this increase in energy dissipation is indicative of enhanced crack extension for high velocity impacts. Our experiments indicate a clear energy‐dependence for bedrock detachment processes that is not yet captured by bedrock incision models but may be integrated into long‐term erosion rates and landscape evolution.
Developing an eyeball positioning method in the eye orbit for craniofacial identification in Korean population
Authors: Ryu Joon Yeol , Park Yeon-Kyung , Park Ji-Hwan , Seo Jeong Uk , Roh Byung-Yoon , Kim Eui-Joo , Choi Chang-Un , Koh Kyoung Min , Lee Won-Joon 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe analysed the skulls and faces of Korean subjects using anthropometric methods to understand the anatomical characteristics of the eyeball and eye orbit region of Korean population and to determine the correlations between the hard and soft tissues around the eyeball and eye orbit region. In total, 82 sections in the region were measured to determine the correlations; among them, 34 showed significant differences by sex, and 6 showed significant differences by age. As the distance from the centre of the eye lens to the eye orbit is calculated as a ratio, we determined that the centre of the eye lens is located relatively on the lateral and superior position in each eye orbit in front view. Fourteen sections that could be used for craniofacial reconstruction/approximation in men and women were selected. Regression equations were derived according to the correlation of each section, and their reliabilities were verified by out of sample validation tests. Therefore, our results increase the accuracy of eyeball position determination, which would be useful for more efficient craniofacial reconstruction/approximation of the Korean population and should improve the efficiency of facial recognition.
Study on the inhibitory activity and mechanism of Mentha haplocalyx essential oil nanoemulsion against Fusarium oxysporum growth
Authors: Liao Hongxin , Wen Jinrui , Nie Hongyan , Ling Cuiqiong , Zhang Liyan , Xu Furong , Dong Xian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMentha haplocalyx essential oil (MEO) has demonstrated inhibitory effects on Fusarium oxysporum. Despite its environmentally friendly properties as a natural product, the limited water solubility of MEO restricts its practical application in the field. The use of nanoemulsion can improve bioavailability and provide an eco-friendly approach to prevent and control Panax notoginseng root rot. In this study, Tween 80 and anhydrous ethanol (at a mass ratio of 3) were selected as carriers, and the ultrasonic method was utilized to produce a nanoemulsion of MEO (MNEO) with an average particle size of 26.07 nm. Compared to MTEO (MEO dissolved in an aqueous solution of 2% DMSO and 0.1% Tween 80), MNEO exhibited superior inhibition against F. oxysporum in terms of spore germination and hyphal growth. Transcriptomics and metabolomics results revealed that after MNEO treatment, the expression levels of certain genes related to glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, starch and sucrose metabolism were significantly suppressed along with the accumulation of metabolites, leading to energy metabolism disorder and growth stagnation in F. oxysporum. In contrast, the inhibitory effect from MTEO treatment was less pronounced. Furthermore, MNEO also demonstrated inhibition on meiosis, ribosome function, and ribosome biogenesis in F. oxysporum growth process. These findings suggest that MNEO possesses enhanced stability and antifungal activity, which effectively hinders F. oxysporum through inducing energy metabolism disorder, meiotic stagnation, as well as ribosome dysfunction, thus indicating its potential for development as a green pesticide for prevention and control P. notoginseng root rot caused by F.oxyosporum.