bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A gene expression programme induced by bovine colostrum whey promotes growth and wound-healing processes in intestinal epithelial cells
Authors: Blais M. , Pouliot Y. , Gauthier S. , Boutin Y. , Lessard M. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBovine colostrum is well known for its beneficial properties on health and development. It contains a wide variety of bioactive ingredients that are known to promote a number of cellular processes. Therefore the use of colostrum whey as a feed additive to promote intestinal health has been proposed, yet little is known about mechanisms implicated in its beneficial properties on intestinal epithelial cells. In the present paper, casein were removed from bovine colostrum and the remaining liquid, rich in bioactive compounds, was evaluated for its capacity to modulate cellular processes in porcine intestinal epithelial cell line IPEC-J2 and human colon adenocarcinoma cell line Caco-2/15. First, we verified the effect of colostrum whey and cheese whey on processes involved in intestinal wound healing, including cell proliferation, attachment, morphology and migration. Our results showed that colostrum whey promoted proliferation and migration, and decreased specifically the attachment of Caco-2/15 cells on the culture dish. On the other hand, cheese whey induced proliferation and morphological changes in IPEC-J2 cells, but failed to induce migration. The gene expression profile of IPEC-J2 cells following colostrum whey treatment was evaluated by microarray analysis. Results revealed that the expression of a significant number of genes involved in cell migration, adhesion and proliferation was indeed affected in colostrum whey-treated cells. In conclusion, colostrum specific bioactive content could be beneficial for intestinal epithelial cell homoeostasis by controlling biological processes implicated in wound healing through a precise gene expression programme.
Why Is There No Income Gap between the Hui Muslim Minority and the Han Majority in Rural Ningxia, China?
Authors: Gustafsson Björn , Sai Ding 
Published: November 2014

AbstractUsing a household sample survey for 2006, this article shows that the Hui population in the rural part of Ningxia Autonomous Region in China is disadvantaged compared to the Han majority as regards length of education and household per capita wealth. Yet, there is no gap in average disposable incomes between the two ethnic groups and poverty rates are very similar. This paradox is owing to members of Hui households earning more off-farm income than members of Han households. In particular, young Hui males living in poor villages have a remarkably high likelihood of migrating, thereby bringing back income to their households.
Marital Status, Childlessness, and Social Support among Older Canadians
Authors: Penning Margaret J. , Wu Zheng 
Published: November 2014

RÉSUMÉMalgré les preuves de la diversification croissante des structures familiales, on connaît peu de conséquences de l'état matrimonial et parental pour l'accès à l'aide sociale dans la vie plus tard. En utilisant les données de l'Enquête sociale générale de 2007 de Statistique Canada, cette étude a évalué l'impact des intersections de l'état matrimonial et parental sur le soutien social chez les adultes âgés de 60 ans et plus (n = 11 503). Modèles probit de regréssion en deux étapes ont indiqué que, parmi ceux qui sont actuellement mariés ou séparés/divorcés, les personnes sans enfants étaient plus susceptibles de déclarer un soutien instrumental (domestique, transport) et émotionnel des personnes hors du ménage. A l'inverse, chez les personnes âgées célibataires ou veuves, être sans enfant a été associée à du soutien interne réduit, mais sans différences dans un autre support. Les résultats suggèrent que les intersections de l'état matrimonial et parental ne sont pas uniformément positive, neutre ou négative à l'égard des implications pour le soutien social extra-ménage. Les travaux futures devraient répondre à la complexité de ces relations afin de mieux comprendre les structures familiales qui évoluent rapidement.
From deep-sea volcanoes to human pathogens: a conserved quorum-sensing signal in Epsilonproteobacteria
Authors: Pérez-Rodríguez Ileana , Bolognini Marie , Ricci Jessica , Bini Elisabetta , Vetriani Costantino 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Chemosynthetic Epsilonproteobacteria from deep-sea hydrothermal vents colonize substrates exposed to steep thermal and redox gradients. In many bacteria, substrate attachment, biofilm formation, expression of virulence genes and host colonization are partly controlled via a cell density-dependent mechanism involving signal molecules, known as quorum sensing. Within the Epsilonproteobacteria, quorum sensing has been investigated only in human pathogens that use the luxS/autoinducer-2 (AI-2) mechanism to control the expression of some of these functions. In this study we showed that luxS is conserved in Epsilonproteobacteria and that pathogenic and mesophilic members of this class inherited this gene from a thermophilic ancestor. Furthermore, we provide evidence that the luxS gene is expressed—and a quorum-sensing signal is produced—during growth of Sulfurovum lithotrophicum and Caminibacter mediatlanticus, two Epsilonproteobacteria from deep-sea hydrothermal vents. Finally, we detected luxS transcripts in Epsilonproteobacteria-dominated biofilm communities collected from deep-sea hydrothermal vents. Taken together, our findings indicate that the epsiloproteobacterial lineage of the LuxS enzyme originated in high-temperature geothermal environments and that, in vent Epsilonproteobacteria, luxS expression is linked to the production of AI-2 signals, which are likely produced in situ at deep-sea vents. We conclude that the luxS gene is part of the ancestral epsilonproteobacterial genome and represents an evolutionary link that connects thermophiles to human pathogens.
Amyloidogenic and non-amyloidogenic transthyretin variants interact differently with human cardiomyocytes: insights into early events of non-fibrillar tissue damage
Authors: Manral Pallavi , Reixach Natàlia 
Published: November 2014

TTR (transthyretin) amyloidoses are diseases characterized by the aggregation and extracellular deposition of the normally soluble plasma protein TTR. Ex vivo and tissue culture studies suggest that tissue damage precedes TTR fibril deposition, indicating that early events in the amyloidogenic cascade have an impact on disease development. We used a human cardiomyocyte tissue culture model system to define these events. We previously described that the amyloidogenic V122I TTR variant is cytotoxic to human cardiac cells, whereas the naturally occurring, stable and non-amyloidogenic T119M TTR variant is not. We show that most of the V122I TTR interacting with the cells is extracellular and this interaction is mediated by a membrane protein(s). In contrast, most of the non-amyloidogenic T119M TTR associated with the cells is intracellular where it undergoes lysosomal degradation. The TTR internalization process is highly dependent on membrane cholesterol content. Using a fluorescent labelled V122I TTR variant that has the same aggregation and cytotoxic potential as the native V122I TTR, we determined that its association with human cardiomyocytes is saturable with a KD near 650 nM. Only amyloidogenic V122I TTR compete with fluorescent V122I for cell-binding sites. Finally, incubation of the human cardiomyocytes with V122I TTR but not with T119M TTR, generates superoxide species and activates caspase 3/7. In summary, our results show that the interaction of the amyloidogenic V122I TTR is distinct from that of a non-amyloidogenic TTR variant and is characterized by its retention at the cell membrane, where it initiates the cytotoxic cascade.
Integrated Implicit-Explicit Learning Approach to Voice Therapy
Authors: Tellis Cari M. 
Published: November 2014

This article is intended to define, compare, and provide outcomes for an integrated implicit-explicit learning approach to voice therapy related to current motor learning theories.
Clients from the Misericordia University voice clinic have undergone therapy using this integrated approach. The article will review previous literature on motor learning theories related to voice, define the protocol used in the integrated approach, and highlight the diagnostic, clinical outcomes exhibited by these clients. Steps for the therapy protocol will be highlighted. Results indicate that individuals participating in an integrated implicit-explicit learning approach to voice therapy report that initial instruction and target production take increased effort to learn; however once acquired, targets are easily generalized to more complex speaking (e.g., conversation) tasks. Implicit-only voice therapy approaches are effective in treating voice disorders. Limited published data, however, has compared traditional, implicit-only therapy to other methods of voice therapy. Another approach may be one that employs more explicit teaching of the mechanics of voice production. The integrated implicit-explicit learning approach discussed in this article combines explicit instruction with implicit facilitators, and initiates simple and complex tasks from the start of therapy.
Coming across information serendipitously – Part 2
Authors: Makri Stephann , Blandford Ann 
Published: November 2014

PurposeIn “Coming across information serendipitously – Part 1: a process model” the authors identified common elements of researchers' experiences of “coming across information serendipitously”. These experiences involve a mix of unexpectedness and insight and lead to a valuable, unanticipated outcome. In this article, the authors aim to show how the elements of unexpectedness, insight and value form a framework for subjectively classifying whether a particular experience might be considered serendipitous and, if so, just how serendipitous.Design/methodology/approachThe classification framework was constructed by analysing 46 experiences of coming across information serendipitously provided by 28 interdisciplinary researchers during critical incident interviews. “Serendipity stories” were written to summarise each experience and to facilitate their comparison. The common elements of unexpectedness, insight and value were identified in almost all the experiences.FindingsThe presence of different mixes of unexpectedness, insight and value in the interviewees' experiences define a multi‐dimensional conceptual space (which the authors call the “serendipity space”). In this space, different “strengths” of serendipity exist. The classification framework can be used to reason about whether an experience falls within the serendipity space and, if so, how “pure” or “dilute” it is.Originality/valueThe framework provides researchers from various disciplines with a structured means of reasoning about and classifying potentially serendipitous experiences.
An Indonesian model of successful school leadership
Authors: Raihani  
Published: November 2014

PurposeThis paper seeks to explore principals' leadership in successful Indonesian secondary schools from the perspectives of multiple sources of data.Design/methodology/approachInspired by the ISSPP, three schools which met the set criteria of successful schools were selected to be the cases for this study. Within each, individual or group interviews were conducted with the principal, vice‐principal, three teachers, one support staff member, two groups of students, one group of parents, and the school committee president. The collected data were transcribed, coded and categorized following the emerging themes, and interpreted using inductive and deductive methods.FindingsWhilst confirming several common practices of successful school leadership from earlier research, the principals from the three successful schools in Yogyakarta also demonstrated significant differences, particularly in terms of beliefs and values that underpinned their leadership. These values include Islamic and cultural beliefs and values which were strong and enduring, and which were articulated in the school leadership and strategies. The principals demonstrated ability in developing the school vision, setting strategies, building capacity, and establishing a broader network to achieve the benefits of school improvement.Originality/valueThe paper provides an insight into school leadership practices in the Asian context, particularly in Indonesian Muslim schools, which have suffered from a lack of attention from international researchers. The paper will also contribute to a worldview of successful school leadership characteristics and practices, the research into which has been piloted in the International Successful School Principalship Project (ISSPP).
Adult protection and effective action in tackling violence and hostility against disabled people: some tensions and challenges
Authors: Hoong Sin Chih , Hedges Annie , Cook Chloe , Mguni Nina , Comber Natasha 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThis paper aims to discuss the sensible management of risk for disabled people, which can turn into disproportionate steps to attempt to completely eliminate risk, leading to diminished opportunities across life. Instincts to protect are heightened in the context of disabled people as potential victims of targeted violence and hostility. Individual‐, organisational‐ and systemic‐level responses can often be orientated towards protection and/or the minimisation of risk rather than towards providing access to justice and effective redress.Design/methodology/approachThis paper draws on evidence generated through a literature review, interviews with disabled people and interviews with representatives from a number of key organisations.FindingsFor many disabled people, incidents can be persistent and ongoing. Common responses by disabled victims include avoidance and/or acceptance strategies. They are also advised by those around them and by agency staff they come in contact with to ignore perpetrators or to avoid putting themselves at risk. Criminal justice agencies may be more concerned about a victim's disability than about taking action to provide access to justice and effective redress. The protectionistic approach underpinning much of policy, legislation and guidance can be at odds with the positive promotion of disability equality.Originality/valueThe paper examines the need to move away from a protectionist paradigm to a rights‐based paradigm. It calls for a more inclusive approach where disabled people are involved meaningfully in the process of risk management and in other decisions around combating targeted violence and hostility against them.
Making recovery a reality for family and friends
Authors: Chandler Ruth , Repper Julie 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThis paper aims to build on the Sainsbury Centre for Mental Health (now Centre for Mental Health) workshops by focusing on the recovery of family and friends in particular.Design/methodology/approachThere are already policy supports for the well being of family and friends but at present, their recovery has been overshadowed by the recovery of people who use services. Taking hope, agency and opportunity as key recovery tenets, we use life story work (LSW) to explore this gap and further a relational approach between people who give care, people who use services and people who provide them.FindingsThe loop between existing policy and recovery oriented practice should be closed, suggesting LSW as a training platform to consider the humanity of family and friends as of equal worth to people who use services and people who provide them.Originality/valueThe authors argue that without equal consideration and support, family and friends are at risk of becoming hopeless as their sense of agency and access to opportunities diminish. LSW with family and friends paints a consistently worrying picture of the quality of engagement with services which are not sufficiently resourced to offer an integrated approach to recovery. Without such an approach, however, the effectiveness of recovery‐oriented practice may be compromised by the creation of new cycles of hopelessness.
Understanding Afghan healthcare providers: a qualitative study of the culture of care in a Kabul maternity hospital
Authors: Arnold R , van Teijlingen E , Ryan K , Holloway I 
Published: November 2014

ObjectiveTo analyse the culture of a Kabul maternity hospital to understand the perspectives of healthcare providers on their roles, experiences, values and motivations and the impact of these determinants on the care of perinatal women and their babies.DesignQualitative ethnographic study.SettingA maternity hospital, Afghanistan.PopulationDoctors, midwives and care assistants.MethodsSix weeks of observation followed by 22 semi‐structured interviews and four informal group discussions with staff, two focus group discussions with women and 41 background interviews with Afghan and non‐Afghan medical and cultural experts.Main outcome measuresThe culture of care in an Afghan maternity hospital.ResultsA large workload, high proportion of complicated cases and poor staff organisation affected the quality of care. Cultural values, social and family pressures influenced the motivation and priorities of healthcare providers. Nepotism and cronyism created inequality in clinical training and support and undermined the authority of management to improve standards of care. Staff without powerful connections were vulnerable in a punitive inequitable environment—fearing humiliation, blame and the loss of employment.ConclusionsSuboptimal care put the lives of women and babies at risk and was, in part, the result of conflicting priorities. The underlying motivation of staff appeared to be the socio‐economic survival of their own families. The hospital culture closely mirrored the culture and core values of Afghan society. In setting priorities for women's health post‐2015 Millennium Development Goals, understanding the context‐specific pressures on staff is key to more effective programme interventions and sustainability.
Immunosuppression with Tacrolimus Improved Reproductive Outcome of Women with Repeated Implantation Failure and Elevated Peripheral Blood Th1/Th2 Cell Ratios
Authors: Nakagawa Koji , Kwak‐Kim Joanne , Ota Kuniaki , Kuroda Keiji , Hisano Michi , Sugiyama Rikikazu , Yamaguchi Koushi 
Published: November 2014

ProblemWe evaluated the clinical efficacy of immunosuppressive treatment with tacrolimus for repeated implantation failure (RIF) patients who have elevated in T helper (Th1)/Th2 cytokine producing cell ratios.Method of studyThis was a prospective cohort study of treatment for RIF patients (n = 42) with elevated peripheral blood Th1 (CD4+/IFN‐γ+)/Th2 (CD4+/IL‐4+) cell ratios at the Sugiyama clinic between November 2011 and October 2013. Twenty‐five patients were treated with tacrolimus (treatment group) and 17 received no treatment (control group). Treatment group received tacrolimus 2 days before embryo transfer and continued until the day of the pregnancy test, for a total of 16 days. The daily dose of tacrolimus (1–3 mg) was determined based on the degree of the Th1/Th2 cell ratio.ResultsThe clinical pregnancy rate of the treatment group was 64.0%, which was significantly higher than that of the control group (0%) (P < 0.0001). In the treatment group, the miscarriage rate was 6.3%, the live birthrate was 60.0% (P < 0.0001). There was no significant side‐effect from tacrolimus in treatment group. No one developed obstetrical complications during pregnancy.ConclusionAn immunosuppressive treatment using tacrolimus improved pregnancy outcome of repeated implantation failure patients with elevated Th1/Th2 ratios.
Distinct phenotype of hepatotoxicity associated with illicit use of anabolic androgenic steroids
Authors: Robles‐Diaz M. , Gonzalez‐Jimenez A. , Medina‐Caliz I. , Stephens C. , García‐Cortes M. , García‐Muñoz B. , Ortega‐Alonso A. , Blanco‐Reina E. , Gonzalez‐Grande R. , Jimenez‐Perez M. , Rendón P. , Navarro J. M. , Gines P. , Prieto M. , Garcia‐Eliz M. , Bessone F. , Brahm J. R. , Paraná R. , Lucena M. I. , Andrade R. J. ,   the Spanish DILI Registry,   the SLatinDILI Network
Published: November 2014

SummaryBackgroundWe have observed an increase in hepatotoxicity (DILI) reporting related to the use of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) for bodybuilding.AimTo characterise phenotype presentation, outcome and severity of AAS DILI.MethodsData on 25 cases of AAS DILI reported to the Spanish (20) and Latin‐American (5) DILI Registries were collated and compared with previously published cases.ResultsAAS DILI increased from representing less than 1% of the total cases in the Spanish DILI Registry in the period 2001–2009 to 8% in 2010–2013. Young men (mean age 32 years), requiring hospitalisation, hepatocellular injury and jaundice were predominating features among the AAS cases. AAS DILI caused significantly higher bilirubin values independent of type of damage when compared to other drug classes (P = 0.001). Furthermore, the cholestatic AAS cases presented significantly higher mean peak bilirubin (P = 0.029) and serum creatinine values (P = 0.0002), compared to the hepatocellular cases. In a logistic regression model, the interaction between peak bilirubin values and cholestatic damage was associated with the development of AAS‐induced acute kidney impairment (AKI) [OR 1.26 (95% CI: 1.035–1.526); P = 0.021], with 21.5 ×ULN being the best bilirubin cut‐off point for predicting AKI risk (AUCROC 0.92). No fatalities occurred.ConclusionsIllicit recreational AAS use is a growing cause of reported DILI that can lead to severe hepatic and renal injury. AAS DILI is associated with a distinct phenotype, characterised by considerable bilirubin elevations independent of type of damage. Although hepatocellular injury predominates, acute kidney injury develops in cholestatic cases with pronounced jaundice.
Comparison of Systemic Toxicity between Botulinum Toxin Subtypes A1 and A2 in Mice and Rats
Authors: Torii Yasushi , Goto Yoshitaka , Nakahira Shinji , Kozaki Shunji , Kaji Ryuji , Ginnaga Akihiro 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe adverse events caused by botulinum toxin type A (subtype A1) product, thought to be after‐effects of toxin diffusion after high‐dose administration, have become serious issues. A preparation showing less diffusion in the body than existing drugs has been sought. We have attempted to produce neurotoxin derived from subtype A2 (A2NTX) with an amino acid sequence different from that of neurotoxin derived from subtype A1 (A1NTX). In this study, to investigate whether A2NTX has the potential to resolve these issues, we compared the safety of A2NTX, a progenitor toxin derived from subtype A1 (A1 progenitor toxin) and A1NTX employing the intramuscular lethal dose 50% (im LD50) in mice and rats and the compound muscle action potential (CMAP) in rats. Mouse im LD50 values for A1 progenitor toxin and A2NTX were 93 and 166 U/kg, respectively, and the rat im LD50 values were 117 and 153 U/kg, respectively. In the rat CMAP test, the dose on the contralateral side, which caused a 50% reduction in the CMAP amplitude, that is, CMAP‐TD50, was calculated as 19.0, 16.6 and 28.7 U/kg for A1 progenitor toxin, A1NTX and A2NTX, respectively. The results indicate that A2NTX is safer than A1 progenitor toxin and A1NTX.