bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association of sleep duration with the risk of chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Koh Jin Hean , Yeo Brian Sheng Yep , Tan Timothy Wei En , See Mark Yong Siang , Ng Adele Chin Wei , Loh Shaun Ray Han , Gooley Joshua , Tan Chieh Suai , Toh Song Tar 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Background and hypothesis
Published literature suggests that sleep duration and quality may be affected in adults with chronic kidney disease. However, the relationship between these two entities remains a matter of debate. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to assess the effect of sleep duration and quality on chronic kidney disease.

Methods
A systematic review of the Medline/PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL databases was conducted for articles pertaining to the association between sleep duration and quality on chronic kidney disease. The main outcome was the hazard/risk ratio of chronic kidney disease in patients of varying sleep durations and quality.

Results
In total, 42 studies (2 613 971 patients) with a mean age of 43.55 ± 14.01 years were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with a reference range of 7 to 8 hours of sleep, short sleep durations of ≤4 hours (RR 1.41, 95% CI: 1.16 to 1.71, P &lt; 0.01), ≤5 hours (RR 1.46, 95% CI: 1.22 to 1.76, P &lt; 0.01), ≤6 hours (RR 1.18, 95% CI: 1.09 to 1.29, P &lt; 0.01), and ≤7 hours (RR 1.19, 95% CI: 1.12 to 1.28, P &lt; 0.01) were significantly associated with an increased risk of incident chronic kidney disease. Long sleep durations of ≥8 hours (RR 1.15, 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.28, P &lt; 0.01) and ≥9 hours (RR 1.46, 95% CI: 1.28 to 1.68, P &lt; 0.01) were also significantly associated with an increased risk of incident chronic kidney disease. Meta-regression did not find any significant effect of age, gender, geographical region, and BMI and an association with sleep duration and risk of incident chronic kidney disease.

Conclusion
Both short and long sleep durations were significantly associated with a higher risk of chronic kidney disease. Interventions targeted toward achieving an optimal duration of sleep may reduce the risk of incident chronic kidney disease.
Left atrial function in patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis: addressing prognostic insights beyond atrial fibrillation prediction
Authors: Figueiredo Fernanda de Azevedo , Esteves William Antonio M , Hung Judy , Gomes Nayana Flamini Arantes , Taconeli Cesar Augusto , Pantaleão Alexandre Negrão , de Oliveira Matheus Assunção Rabello , de Magalhães Silvio Mendes , Chavez Luz Marina Tacuri , Tan Timothy C , Bhat Aditya , Levine Robert A , Nunes Maria Carmo Pereira 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Aims
Rheumatic mitral stenosis (MS) frequently leads to impaired left atrial (LA) function because of pressure overload, highlighting the underlying atrial pathology. Two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2D-STE) offers early detection of LA dysfunction, potentially improving risk assessment in patients with MS. This study aims to evaluate the predictive value of LA function assessed by 2D-STE for clinical outcomes in patients with MS.

Methods and results
Between 2011 and 2021, patients with MS underwent LA function assessment using 2D-STE, with focus on the reservoir phase (LASr). Atrial fibrillation (AF) development constituted the primary outcome, with death or valve replacement as the secondary outcome. Conditional inference trees were employed for analysis, validated through sample splitting. The study included 493 patients with MS (mean valve area 1.1 ± 0.4 cm2, 84% female). At baseline, 166 patients (34%) had AF, with 62 patients (19%) developing AF during follow-up. LASr emerged as the primary predictor for new-onset AF, with a threshold of 17.9%. Over a mean 3.8-year follow-up, 125 patients (25%) underwent mitral valve replacement, and 32 patients (6.5%) died. A decision tree analysis identified key predictors such as age, LASr, severity of tricuspid regurgitation (TR), net atrioventricular compliance (Cn), and early percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty, especially in patients aged ≤49 years, where LASr, with a threshold of 12.8%, significantly predicted adverse outcomes.

Conclusion
LASr emerged as a significant predictor of cardiovascular events in this MS cohort, validated through a decision tree analysis. Patients were stratified into low- or high-risk categories for adverse outcomes, taking into account LASr, age, TR severity, and Cn.
Comparison of left ventricular mass and wall thickness between cardiac computed tomography angiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging using machine learning algorithms
Authors: van Driest Finn Y , van der Geest Rob J , Omara Sharif K , Broersen Alexander , Dijkstra Jouke , Jukema J Wouter , Scholte Arthur J H A 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Aims
Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the gold standard in the assessment of left ventricle (LV) mass and wall thickness. In recent years, cardiac computed tomography angiography (CCTA) has gained widespread usage as an imaging modality. Despite this, limited previous investigations have specifically addressed the potential of CCTA as an alternative modality for quantitative LV assessment. The aim of this study was to compare CCTA derived LV mass and wall thickness with cardiac MRI utilizing machine learning algorithms.

Methods and results
Fifty-seven participants who underwent both CCTA and cardiac MRI were identified. LV mass and wall thickness was calculated using LV contours which were automatically placed using in-house developed machine learning models. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were calculated along with Bland–Altman plots to assess the agreement between the LV mass and wall thickness per region on CCTA and cardiac MRI. Inter-observer correlations were tested using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Average LV mass and wall thickness for CCTA and cardiac MRI were 127 g, 128 g, 7, and 8 mm, respectively. Bland–Altman plots demonstrated mean differences and corresponding 95% limits of agreement of −1.26 (25.06; −27.58) and −0.57 (1.78; −2.92), for LV mass and average LV wall thickness, respectively. Mean differences and corresponding 95% limits of agreement for wall thickness per region were −0.75 (1.34; −2.83), −0.58 (2.14; −3.30), and −0.29 (3.21; −3.79) for the basal, mid, and apical regions, respectively. Inter-observer correlations were excellent.

Conclusion
Quantitative assessment of LV mass and wall thickness on CCTA using machine learning algorithms seems feasible and shows good agreement with cardiac MRI.
Commitment and the Dynamics of Household Labour Supply
Authors: Theloudis Alexandros , Velilla Jorge , Chiappori Pierre-André , Giménez-Nadal José Ignacio , Molina José Alberto 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The extent to which individuals commit to their partner for life has important implications. This paper develops a life-cycle collective model of the household, through which it characterises behaviour in three prominent alternative types of commitment: full, limited and no commitment. We propose a test that distinguishes between all three types based on how contemporaneous and historical news affect household behaviour. Our test permits heterogeneity in the degree of commitment across households. Using recent data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, we reject full and no commitment, while we find strong evidence for limited commitment.
Ultrasound-assisted catheter-directed thrombolysis versus surgical pulmonary embolectomy for intermediate-high or high-risk pulmonary embolism: a randomized phase II non-inferiority trial
Authors: Stortecky Stefan , Barco Stefano , Windecker Stephan , Heg Dik , Kadner Alexander , Englberger Lars , Kucher Nils 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
We hypothesized that ultrasound-assisted thrombolysis (USAT) is non-inferior to surgical pulmonary embolectomy (SPE) to improve right ventricular (RV) function in patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE).

METHODS
In a single-centre, non-inferiority trial, we randomly assigned 27 patients with intermediate-high or high-risk acute PE to undergo either USAT or SPE stratified by PE risk. Primary and secondary outcomes were the baseline-to-72-h difference in right-to-left ventricular (RV/LV) ratio and the Qanadli pulmonary occlusion score, respectively, by contrast-enhanced chest-computed tomography assessed by a blinded CoreLab.

RESULTS
The trial was prematurely terminated due to slow enrolment. Mean age was 62.6 (SD 12.4) years, 26% were women, and 15% had high-risk PE. Mean change in RV/LV ratio was −0.34 (95% CI −0.50 to −0.18) in the USAT and −0.53 (95% CI −0.68 to −0.38) in the SPE group (mean difference: 0.152; 95% CI 0.032–0.271; Pnon-inferiority = 0.80; Psuperiority = 0.013). Mean change in Qanadli pulmonary occlusion score was −7.23 (95% CI −9.58 to −4.88) in the USAT and −11.36 (95% CI −15.27 to −7.44) in the SPE group (mean difference: 5.00; 95% CI 0.44–9.56, P = 0.032). Clinical and functional outcomes were similar between the 2 groups up to 12 months.

CONCLUSIONS
In patients with intermediate-high and high-risk acute PE, USAT was not non-inferior when compared with SPE in reducing RV/LV ratio within the first 72 h. In a post hoc superiority analysis, SPE resulted in greater improvement of RV overload and reduction of thrombus burden.
Randomized 20-year infancy-onset dietary intervention, life-long cardiovascular risk factors and retinal microvasculature
Authors: Repo Oskari , Juonala Markus , Niinikoski Harri , Rovio Suvi , Mykkänen Juha , Lagström Hanna , Cheung Carol Y , Yang Dawei , Vaahtoranta-Lehtonen Hanna , Jula Antti , Nevalainen Jaakko , Rönnemaa Tapani , Viikari Jorma , Raitakari Olli , Tapp Robyn , Pahkala Katja 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Retinal microvasculature characteristics predict cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This study investigated associations of lifelong cardiovascular risk factors and effects of dietary intervention on retinal microvasculature in young adulthood.

Methods
The cohort is derived from the longitudinal Special Turku Coronary Risk Factor Intervention Project study. The Special Turku Coronary Risk Factor Intervention Project is a 20-year infancy-onset randomized controlled dietary intervention study with frequent study visits and follow-up extending to age 26 years. The dietary intervention aimed at a heart-healthy diet. Fundus photographs were taken at the 26-year follow-up, and microvascular measures [arteriolar and venular diameters, tortuosity (simple and curvature) and fractal dimensions] were derived (n = 486). Cumulative exposure as the area under the curve for cardiovascular risk factors and dietary components was determined for the longest available time period (e.g. from age 7 months to 26 years).

Results
The dietary intervention had a favourable effect on retinal microvasculature resulting in less tortuous arterioles and venules and increased arteriolar fractal dimension in the intervention group when compared with the control group. The intervention effects were found even when controlled for the cumulative cardiovascular risk factors. Reduced lifelong cumulative intake of saturated fats, main target of the intervention, was also associated with less tortuous venules. Several lifelong cumulative risk factors were independently associated with the retinal microvascular measures, e.g. cumulative systolic blood pressure with narrower arterioles.

Conclusions
Infancy-onset 20-year dietary intervention had favourable effects on the retinal microvasculature in young adulthood. Several lifelong cumulative cardiovascular risk factors were independently associated with retinal microvascular structure.
Mechanisms of host adaptation by bacterial pathogens
Authors: Barber Matthew F , Fitzgerald J Ross 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The emergence of new infectious diseases poses a major threat to humans, animals, and broader ecosystems. Defining factors that govern the ability of pathogens to adapt to new host species is therefore a crucial research imperative. Pathogenic bacteria are of particular concern, given dwindling treatment options amid the continued expansion of antimicrobial resistance. In this review, we summarize recent advancements in the understanding of bacterial host species adaptation, with an emphasis on pathogens of humans and related mammals. We focus particularly on molecular mechanisms underlying key steps of bacterial host adaptation including colonization, nutrient acquisition, and immune evasion, as well as suggest key areas for future investigation. By developing a greater understanding of the mechanisms of host adaptation in pathogenic bacteria, we may uncover new strategies to target these microbes for the treatment and prevention of infectious diseases in humans, animals, and the broader environment.
Impacts of pleiotropy and migration on repeated genetic adaptation
Authors: Battlay Paul , Yeaman Sam , Hodgins Kathryn A 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Observations of genetically repeated evolution (repeatability) in complex organisms are incongruent with the Fisher–Orr model, which implies that repeated use of the same gene should be rare when mutations are pleiotropic (i.e. affect multiple traits). When spatially divergent selection occurs in the presence of migration, mutations of large effect are more strongly favored, and hence, repeatability is more likely, but it is unclear whether this observation is limited by pleiotropy. Here, we explore this question using individual-based simulations of a two-patch model incorporating multiple quantitative traits governed by mutations with pleiotropic effects. We explore the relationship between fitness trade-offs and repeatability by varying the alignment between mutation effect and spatial variation in trait optima. While repeatability decreases with increasing trait dimensionality, trade-offs in mutation effects on traits do not strongly limit the contribution of a locus of large effect to repeated adaptation, particularly under increased migration. These results suggest that repeatability will be more pronounced for local rather than global adaptation. Whereas pleiotropy limits repeatability in a single-population model, when there is local adaptation with gene flow, repeatability can occur if some loci are able to produce alleles of large effect, even when there are pleiotropic trade-offs.
Causal Relationship Between Gut Microbiota, Metabolites, and Sarcopenia: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Zhang Xiangyu , Yang Guang , Jiang Shide , Ji Bingzhou , Xie Wenqing , Li Hengzhen , Sun Jianfeng , Li Yusheng 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Gut microbiota imbalance and sarcopenia are frequently observed in older adults. Gut microbiota and their metabolites are considered risk factors contributing to the heightened risk of sarcopenia, but whether these associations are causal remains unclear.

Methods
We conducted linkage disequilibrium score regression and 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) methods with single-nucleotide polymorphisms sourced from large-scale genome-wide association studies as instrumental variables to examine the causal associations linking gut microbiota with their metabolites to the sarcopenia. Following the MR analysis, subsequent sensitivity analyses were conducted to reinforce the robustness and credibility of the obtained results.

Results
MR analysis yielded compelling evidence demonstrating the correlation between genetically predicted gut microbiota and metabolites and the risk of sarcopenia. The abundance of Porphyromonadaceae, Rikenellaceae, Terrisporobacter, and Victivallis was found to be associated with walking pace. Our study also found suggestive associations of 12 intestinal bacteria with appendicular lean mass, and of Streptococcaceae, Intestinibacter, Paraprevotella, Ruminococcaceae UCG009, and Sutterella with grip strength. Specifically, we identified 21 gut microbiota-derived metabolites that may be associated with the risk of sarcopenia.

Conclusions
Utilizing a 2-sample MR approach, our study elucidates the causal interplay among gut microbiota, gut microbiota-derived metabolites, and the occurrence of sarcopenia. These findings suggest that gut microbiota and metabolites may represent a potential underlying risk factor for sarcopenia, and offer the promise of novel therapeutic focal points.
Chondroitin sulfate glycan sulfation patterns influence histochemical labeling of perineuronal nets: a comparative study of interregional distribution in human and mouse brain
Authors: Belliveau Claudia , Théberge Stéphanie , Netto Stefanie , Rahimian Reza , Fakhfouri Gohar , Hosdey Clémentine , Davoli Maria Antonietta , Hendrickson Aarun , Hao Kathryn , Giros Bruno , Turecki Gustavo , Alonge Kimberly M , Mechawar Naguib 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are a condensed subtype of extracellular matrix that form a net-like coverings around certain neurons in the brain. PNNs are primarily composed of chondroitin sulfate (CS) proteoglycans from the lectican family that consist of CS-glycosaminoglycan side chains attached to a core protein. CS disaccharides can exist in various isoforms with different sulfation patterns. Literature suggests that CS disaccharide sulfation patterns can influence the function of PNNs as well as their labeling. This study was conducted to characterize such interregional CS disaccharide sulfation pattern differences in adult human (n = 81) and mouse (n = 19) brains. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was used to quantify five different CS disaccharide sulfation patterns, which were then compared to immunolabeling of PNNs using Wisteria Floribunda Lectin (WFL) to identify CS-glycosaminoglycans and anti-aggrecan to identify CS proteoglycans. In healthy brains, significant regional and species-specific differences in CS disaccharide sulfation and single versus double-labeling pattern were identified. A secondary analysis to investigate how early-life stress impacts these PNN features discovered that although early-life stress increases WFL+ PNN density, the CS-glycosaminoglycan sulfation code and single versus double PNN-labeling distributions remained unaffected in both species. These results underscore PNN complexity in traditional research, emphasizing the need to consider their heterogeneity in future experiments.
Acquisition of polymorphism in the chordate doliolids
Authors: Pickett C J , Ryan Joseph , Davidson Bradley 
Published: July 2024

Synopsis
In polymorphic organisms, a single genome is deployed to program numerous, morphologically distinct body plans within a colony. This complex life history trait has evolved independently within a limited subset of animal taxa. Reconstructing the underlying genetic, cellular, and developmental changes that drove the emergence of polymorphic colonies represents a promising avenue for exploring diversifying selection and resulting impacts on developmental gene regulatory networks. Doliolids are the only polymorphic chordate, deploying a single genome to program distinct morphs specialized for locomotion, feeding, asexual, or sexual reproduction. In this review, we provide a detailed summary of doliolid anatomy, development, taxonomy, ecology, life history, and the cellular basis for doliolid polymorphism. In order to frame the potential evolutionary and developmental insights that could be gained by studying doliolids, we provide a broader overview of polymorphism. We then discuss how comparative studies of polymorphic cnidarians have begun to illuminate the genetic basis of this unusual and complex life history strategy. We then provide a summary of life history divergence in the chordates, particularly among doliolids and their polymorphic cousins, the salps and pyrosomes.
In Hot Water: Current Thermal Threshold Methods Unlikely to Predict Invasive Species Shifts in NW Atlantic
Authors: Lancaster Emily R , Brady Damian C , Frederich Markus 
Published: July 2024

Synopsis
As global temperatures continue to rise, accurate predicted species distribution models will be important for forecasting the movement of range-shifting species. These predictions rely on measurements of organismal thermal tolerance, which can be measured using classical threshold concepts such as Arrhenius break temperatures and critical thermal temperatures, or through ecologically relevant measurements such as the temperature at which reproduction and growth occur. Many species, including invasive species, exhibit thermal plasticity, so these thresholds may change based on ambient temperature, life stage, and measurement techniques. Here, we review thermal thresholds for 15 invertebrate species invasive to the Gulf of Maine. The high degree of variability within a species and between applied conceptual frameworks suggests that modeling the future distribution of these species in all ecosystems, but especially in the rapidly warming northwest Atlantic and Gulf of Maine, will be challenging. While each of these measurement techniques is valid, we suggest contextualization and integration of threshold measurements for accurate modeling.
Does Migration Constrain Glucocorticoid Phenotypes? Testing Corticosterone Levels during Breeding in Migratory Versus Resident Birds
Authors: Uehling Jennifer J , Regnier Emma , Vitousek Maren N 
Published: July 2024

Synopsis
Corticosterone, the main glucocorticoid in birds, is a major mediator of the incredible physiological feat of migration. Corticosterone plays important roles in migration, from preparation to in-flight energy mobilization to refueling, and corticosterone levels often show distinct elevations or depressions during certain stages of the migratory process. Here, we ask whether corticosterone's role in migration shapes its modulation during other life-history stages, as is the case with some other phenotypically flexible traits involved in migration. Specifically, we use a global dataset of corticosterone measures to test whether birds’ migratory status (migrant versus resident) predicts corticosterone levels during breeding. Our results indicate that migratory status predicts neither baseline nor stress-induced corticosterone levels in breeding birds; despite corticosterone’s role in migration, we find no evidence that migratory corticosterone phenotypes carry over to breeding. We encourage future studies to continue to explore corticosterone in migrants versus residents across the annual cycle. Additionally, future efforts should aim to disentangle the possible effects of environmental conditions and migratory status on corticosterone phenotypes; potentially fruitful avenues include focusing on regions where migrants and residents overlap during breeding. Overall, insights from work in this area could demonstrate whether migration shapes traits during other important life stages, identify tradeoffs or limitations associated with the migratory lifestyle, and ultimately shed light on the evolution of flexible traits and migration.