bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sampling techniques for burbot in a western non‐wadeable river
Authors: Klein Z. B. , Quist M. C. , Rhea D. T. , Senecal A. C. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBurbot, Lota lota (L.), populations are declining throughout much of their native distribution. Although numerous aspects of burbot ecology are well understood, less is known about effective sampling techniques for burbot in lotic systems. Occupancy models were used to estimate the probability of detection () for three gears (6.4‐ and 19‐mm bar mesh hoop nets, night electric fishing), within the context of various habitat characteristics. During the summer, night electric fishing had the highest estimated detection probability for both juvenile (, 95% C.I.; 0.35, 0.26–0.46) and adult (0.30, 0.20–0.41) burbot. However, small‐mesh hoop nets (6.4‐mm bar mesh) had similar detection probabilities to night electric fishing for both juvenile (0.26, 0.17–0.36) and adult (0.27, 0.18–0.39) burbot during the summer. In autumn, a similar overlap between detection probabilities was observed for juvenile and adult burbot. Small‐mesh hoop nets had the highest estimated probability of detection for both juvenile and adult burbot (0.46, 0.33–0.59), whereas night electric fishing had a detection probability of 0.39 (0.28–0.52) for juvenile and adult burbot. By using detection probabilities to compare gears, the most effective sampling technique can be identified, leading to increased species detections and more effective management of burbot.
Recording and Accounting for Stakeholder Involvement in Systematic Reviews
Authors: Saan Marieke C. , Boeije Hennie R. , Sattoe Jane N. T. , Bal Marjolijn I. , Missler Marjolein , van Wesel Floryt 
Published: April 2015

AbstractObjectivesThe use of stakeholders in systematic reviews is increasingly valued, but their influence on the systematicity of the review is often unclear. The aim of this study was to describe some of the processes of involvement of stakeholders and to demonstrate a Tool for Recording and Accounting for Stakeholder Involvement (TRASI).MethodsWe demonstrate the TRASI in two worked examples. In one project, the reviewers collaborated with the end‐user and an expert during the literature search. In the other project, experts were consulted to generate keywords before searching the literature.ResultsIn the first project, disagreements about keywords to identify studies for the research topic were solved by informal discussion. In the second project, difficulties arose in reaching agreement between experts and reviewers about the core construct and the meaningful keywords associated with it.DiscussionThe TRASI aids researchers to systematically and transparently account for the decisions taken. The TRASI supports information specialists and librarians to shape the search strategy to match the objectives of the review.ConclusionsWe propose the TRASI as a first step in resolving the challenges of detecting and reconstructing stakeholder influences. Potential new applications of the TRASI are discussed.
Parents of children with disabilities in Kuwait: a study of their information seeking behaviour
Authors: Al‐Daihani Sultan M. , Al‐Ateeqi Huda I. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundParents of children with disabilities desperately seek information regarding their children's conditions because of the high stakes involved.ObjectivesThis study investigates the information needs of parents in Kuwait with special needs children during and after their children's diagnoses. Understanding their information seeking behaviour by identifying their information sources and information seeking barriers will assist librarians and other information professionals in meeting these important information needs.MethodsA survey was conducted by means of questionnaires administered to 240 participants at a school for children with special needs. The data were analysed using nonparametric Mann–Whitney and Kruskal–Wallis tests.ResultsMost parents needed information at the time of diagnosis, with information about educating the children having the highest mean. Doctors and physicians were the most preferred information sources, followed by books. Online support groups and social media applications were least desirable as information sources. Lack of Arabic resources was identified as the greatest information seeking barrier, followed by lack of information to help parents cope with their child's disability.ConclusionsInformation sources and services for Kuwaiti parents of disabled children need further development and improvement. Librarians and other information professionals can assist by providing parents with information appropriate to their stage in understanding the child's diagnosis and education.
Quantifying dyspigmentation in facial skin ageing: an explorative study
Authors: Dobos G. , Trojahn C. , Lichterfeld A. , D′Alessandro B. , Patwardhan S. V. , Canfield D. , Blume‐Peytavi U. , Kottner J. 
Published: April 2015

SynopsisObjectiveThe skin melanin system is affected by ageing, resulting in dyspigmentation with associated clinical and psychosocial consequences. In dark skinned phenotypes, broad evidence is available, whereas little is known about pigmentary changes in fair‐skinned Caucasians. The objective of this study was to investigate age‐related changes in facial pigmentation and dyspigmentation in subjects of skin phototypes II–III and to develop and test parameters for quantifying dyspigmentation.MethodsTwenty‐four skin healthy female subjects were recruited in three distinct age groups (30–40, 50–60, 70–80 years). Skin colour was measured by Mexameter and Chromameter. Skin dyspigmentation was measured by clinical evaluation and newly developed image‐processing parameters on the cheeks and the forehead. The reliability of the clinical evaluation was investigated by intraclass correlation coefficients between three raters, and the validity of the dyspigmentation parameters was analysed by bivariate correlations with related measures.ResultsSkin lightness decreased with increasing age. Clinical dyspigmentation scores showed positive associations with chronological age ranging between 0.452 and 0.606. RBX®‐Brown transformation‐based hyperpigmentation and hypopigmentation indices increased with age, whereas the overall pigmentation intensity decreased with age at the cheeks. The image analysis‐based parameters showed strong associations with the clinical scores and related measurements.ConclusionWe demonstrated age‐related changes in the facial colour and dyspigmentation of fair‐skinned Caucasian females. An increase in dyspigmentation was found by clinical scoring and the RBX®‐Brown transformation‐based pigmentation indices. The validity of hyper‐ and hypopigmentation indices and overall pigmentation intensity was supported. The RBX® transformation‐based pigmentation indices might be applied in future studies to complement or substitute clinical evaluation.
Estimation of indirect genetic effects in group‐housed mink (Neovison vison) should account for systematic interactions either due to kin or sex
Authors: Alemu S.W. , Berg P. , Janss L. , Bijma P. 
Published: April 2015

SummarySocial interactions among individuals are abundant, both in wild and in domestic populations. With social interactions, the genes of an individual may affect the trait values of other individuals, a phenomenon known as indirect genetic effects (IGEs). IGEs can be estimated using linear mixed models. Most IGE models assume that individuals interact equally to all group mates irrespective of relatedness. Kin selection theory, however, predicts that an individual will interact differently with family members versus non‐family members. Here, we investigate kin‐ and sex‐specific non‐genetic social interactions in group‐housed mink. Furthermore, we investigated whether systematic non‐genetic interactions between kin or individuals of the same sex influence the estimates of genetic parameters. As a second objective, we clarify the relationship between estimates of the traditional IGE model and a family‐based IGE model proposed in a previous study. Our results indicate that male siblings in mink show different non‐genetic interactions than female siblings in mink and that this may impact the estimation of genetic parameters. Moreover, we have shown how estimates from a family‐based IGE model can be translated to the ordinary direct–indirect model and vice versa. We find no evidence for genetic differences in interactions among related versus unrelated mink.
Palm diversification in two geologically contrasting regions of western Amazonia
Authors: Roncal Julissa , Couderc Marie , Baby Patrice , Kahn Francis , Millán Betty , Meerow Alan W. , Pintaud Jean‐Christophe 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAimThe subduction of the Nazca Plate and the eastward propagation of the Andean orogenic wedge in western Amazonia caused the formation of arches or ridges that have influenced the modern configuration of the upper Amazon drainage and the diversification of biota. We used a lineage of 15 palm species (Astrocaryumsect.Huicungo, Arecaceae) to test two biogeographical hypotheses for lowland plants: (1) that vicariance resulted from tectonically mediated geographical barriers (population contraction), and (2) that recurrent dispersal events (population expansion) produced geographical isolation and subsequent speciation.LocationRain forests of South America.MethodsA total of 78 palm individuals were collected in the field, from which five chloroplast and two nuclearDNAfragments were sequenced. We reconstructed a Bayesian dated phylogeny and inferred the demographic history. We used a Bayesian phylogeographical spatial diffusion approach to propose a model of colonization.ResultsWe found a phylogeographical break atc. 5° S between two main clades with crown ages ofc. 6.7 and 7.3 Ma located in the Fitzcarrald Arch (FA) and the subsiding northern Amazonian foreland basin (NAFB), respectively. These diversification times were close to the emergence of theFAin the late Miocene, and the coeval development of the transcontinental modern drainage and sedimentation plain of theNAFB. As expected for the recurrent‐dispersal hypothesis, lineage delimitations were spatially inconsistent with the location of rivers or ridges, and we found some evidence of past ancestral population expansion supported particularly by the chloroplast sequences.Main conclusionsOur results support the biogeographical scenario whereby recurrent dispersal into western Amazonia produced spatial isolation of populations, followed by speciation within two areas of contrasting geological activity: tectonic uplift in theFAversus subsidence in theNAFB. We did not test and cannot rule out ecological speciation within western Amazonia or at finer spatial scales.
Recent climate warming favours more specialized cladoceran taxa in western Canadian Arctic lakes
Authors: Thienpont Joshua R. , Korosi Jennifer B. , Cheng Elisa S. , Deasley Kayla , Pisaric Michael F. J. , Smol John P. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAimShifts in the distribution of freshwater algal communities as a result of climate‐related limnological changes are well documented; however, impacts on higher trophic levels have received less attention. For example, little is known about how Cladocera (Crustacea, Branchiopoda), often dominant invertebrates and key ecological indicators, have responded to recent warming on broad spatial and temporal scales. Here, we use lake sediment records to test the hypothesis that recent, intensive warming in the western Canadian Arctic has resulted in consistent shifts in the composition of cladoceran assemblages.LocationSmall, first‐order lakes in the Mackenzie Delta region of the western Canadian Arctic.MethodsSediment cores representing the recent past (approximately 150–200 years) were obtained from five lakes spanning a strong climatic gradient. Subfossil remains of Cladocera were identified and enumerated and overall primary production was inferred using spectroscopic techniques. The habitat preferences and feeding strategy of each taxon were compared. Detrended canonical correspondence analysis was used to estimate compositional turnover since 1850, and compared with that of three cladoceran assemblages from Nova Scotia, to place high‐latitude changes in context.ResultsCladoceran assemblage changes occurred coincident with the timing of known regional warming and were strongly linked to estimated changes in primary production. In the northern and deepest lakes, an increase in the planktonic, filter‐feeding taxon Bosmina spp. coincided with a decrease in the generalist littoral taxa Chydorus cf. brevilabris and Alona circumfimbriata. In the more southern lakes, an increase in macrophyte‐associated scrapers Acroperus harpae and Eurycercus spp. occurred concurrently with decreases in generalist taxa. In one lake, an increase in another specialist, an obligate mud‐dwelling taxon, was observed.Main conclusionsIn the western Canadian Arctic, warming has resulted in an increase in cladoceran taxa occupying more specialized feeding and habitat niches. Generalist taxa capable of occupying multiple habitats and employing diverse feeding strategies have been systematically replaced by more specialist species. This response is analogous to what has been inferred for algal communities across the Northern Hemisphere, and represents the first evidence of consistent cladoceran changes to recent climate warming in high‐latitude regions.
Deoxynivalenol in chicken feed alters the vaccinal immune response and clinical biochemical serum parameters but not the intestinal and carcass characteristics
Authors: Ghareeb K. , Awad W. A. , Zebeli Q. , Böhm J. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryThis study was conducted to investigate the impacts of deoxynivalenol (DON) feeding either alone or in combination with a microbial feed additive (MFA) on the immune response to a viral vaccine and serum clinical chemical parameters. Forty 1‐day‐old boiler chicks were weighed and randomly divided into four groups, 10 birds in each group: (i) control group fed with basal diet; (ii) DON group fed with basal diet artificially contaminated with 10 mg DON/kg feed; (iii) DON + MFA group fed with basal diet contaminated with 10 mg DON/kg feed and supplemented with 2.5 kg of MFA/ton feed; and (iv) MFA group fed with basal diet supplemented with 2.5 kg of MFA/ton feed. At 35 days of age, birds were slaughtered and blood was collected for investigating the antibody titre against infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and clinical chemical parameters. The results showed that DON reduced (p = 0.032) the titre against IBV, decreased (p = 0.005) the level of alanine transaminase (ALT) (4.2 ± 0.5 U/l) compared with control birds (6.4 ± 0.5 U/l), increased (p = 0.002) the serum cholesterol concentration (144 ± 6 mg/dl) compared with their control counterparts (123 ± 5 mg/dl) and increased (p = 0.074) the amount of circulating triglycerides (62.25 ± 7.50 mg/dl) compared with controls (39.55 ± 4.74). These results indicate that dietary DON altered the humoral immune response to viral vaccine and affected the serum clinical biochemistry. However, DON in combination with MFA did not affect serum IBV titre. Taken together, DON in the feed of broilers produced an impairment of the success of IBV vaccine and affected the health of birds.
Tissue engineered periodontal products
Authors: Bartold P. M. , Gronthos S. , Ivanovski S. , Fisher A. , Hutmacher D. W. 
Published: April 2015

Attainment of periodontal regeneration is a significant clinical goal in the management of advanced periodontal defects arising from periodontitis. Over the past 30 years numerous techniques and materials have been introduced and evaluated clinically and have included guided tissue regeneration, bone grafting materials, growth and other biological factors and gene therapy. With the exception of gene therapy, all have undergone evaluation in humans. All of the products have shown efficacy in promoting periodontal regeneration in animal models but the results in humans remain variable and equivocal concerning attaining complete biological regeneration of damaged periodontal structures. In the early 2000s, the concept of tissue engineering was proposed as a new paradigm for periodontal regeneration based on molecular and cell biology. At this time, tissue engineering was a new and emerging field. Now, 14 years later we revisit the concept of tissue engineering for the periodontium and assess how far we have come, where we are currently situated and what needs to be done in the future to make this concept a reality. In this review, we cover some of the precursor products, which led to our current position in periodontal tissue engineering. The basic concepts of tissue engineering with special emphasis on periodontal tissue engineering products is discussed including the use of mesenchymal stem cells in bioscaffolds and the emerging field of cell sheet technology. Finally, we look into the future to consider what CAD/CAM technology and nanotechnology will have to offer.
Full mouth periodontal debridement with or without adjunctive metronidazole gel in smoking patients with chronic periodontitis: A pilot study
Authors: Bergamaschi C. C. , Santamaria M. P. , Berto L. A. , Cogo‐Müller K. , Motta R. H. L. , Salum E. A. , Nociti F. H. , Goodson J. M. , Groppo F. C. 
Published: April 2015

Background and ObjectiveThe evidence of effectiveness of metronidazole (Mtz) as an adjunct therapy to periodontal procedure in the treatment of patients with chronic periodontitis is not conclusive. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of Mtz (delivered locally as a gel or systemically as a tablet) as an adjunctive therapy with full mouth periodontal debridement (1 h of ultrasonic calculus/plaque removal) in smokers with chronic periodontitis.Material and MethodsThis pilot study involved 30 smokers with at least six teeth with a clinical attachment loss of ≥ 5 mm and probing pocket depth (PPD) of ≥ 5 mm. They were randomly assigned into one of three groups (n = 10): (i) 3 g daily of placebo gel applied topically (using a dental tray with the gel overnight) + periodontal debridement; (ii) 3 g daily of a 15% Mtz benzoate gel applied topically (using a dental tray with the gel overnight) + periodontal debridement; and (iii) a daily single dose of 750 mg Mtz (Flagyl®) + periodontal debridement. Clinical parameters (visible plaque index, gingival bleeding index [GBI], relative attachment level and PPD) and quantitative analysis (by real‐time polymerase chain reaction) of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia were assessed at baseline and at 1, 3 and 6 mo after periodontal debridement.ResultsThere was no statistically significant difference in the average GBI and visible plaque index values at baseline between the groups (p ≥ 0.05). There was no significant difference between groups in all parameters evaluated (p ≥ 0.05). Significant reductions in GBI at 3 and 6 mo were observed in all groups (p < 0.05). Significant reductions in both PPD and relative attachment level at 1, 3 and 6 mo were observed in all groups (p < 0.05). Significant reductions in bacterial levels at 7 and 30 d were observed in all groups (p < 0.05).ConclusionAdjunctive use of Mtz (gel or tablet) to periodontal debridement had similar clinical and microbiological improvement compared to treatment with placebo + periodontal debridement in smokers with chronic periodontitis up to 6 mo post‐treatment. Further studies are necessary to confirm the clinical relevance of these findings.
Increased physical activity improves sleep and mood outcomes in inactive people with insomnia: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hartescu Iuliana , Morgan Kevin , Stevinson Clare D. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryWhile high levels of activity and exercise training have been associated with improvements in sleep quality, minimum levels of activity likely to improve sleep outcomes have not been explored. A two‐armed parallel randomized controlled trial (N=41; 30 females) was designed to assess whether increasing physical activity to the level recommended in public health guidelines can improve sleep quality among inactive adults meeting research diagnostic criteria for insomnia. The intervention consisted of a monitored program of ≥150 min of moderate‐ to vigorous‐intensity physical activity per week, for 6 months. The principal end‐point was the Insomnia Severity Index at 6 months post‐baseline. Secondary outcomes included measures of mood, fatigue and daytime sleepiness. Activity and light exposure were monitored throughout the trial using accelerometry and actigraphy. At 6 months post‐baseline, the physical activity group showed significantly reduced insomnia symptom severity (F8,26 = 5.16, P = 0.03), with an average reduction of four points on the Insomnia Severity Index; and significantly reduced depression and anxiety scores (F6,28 = 5.61, P = 0.02; and F6,28 = 4.41, P = 0.05, respectively). All of the changes were independent of daily light exposure. Daytime fatigue showed no significant effect of the intervention (F8,26 = 1.84, P = 0.18). Adherence and retention were high. Internationally recommended minimum levels of physical activity improve daytime and night‐time symptoms of chronic insomnia independent of daily light exposure levels.
New ICA criteria for the diagnosis of acute kidney injury in cirrhotic patients: can we use an imputed value of serum creatinine?
Authors: Rosi Silvia , Piano Salvatore , Frigo Anna C. , Morando Filippo , Fasolato Silvano , Cavallin Marta , Gola Elisabetta , Romano Antonietta , Montagnese Sara , Sticca Antonietta , Gatta Angelo , Angeli Paolo 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackground & AimsThe new International Club of Ascites diagnostic criteria to diagnose acute kidney injury at hospital admission suggests the possibility of using a presumed baseline serum creatinine, defined as the last of at least two stable creatinine values during the last 3 months. Nevertheless, the possibility of the lack of such a value still remains. In these patients, the KDIGO criteria suggest to use an inverse application of MDRD equation assuming that baseline glomerular filtration rate is 75 ml/min per 1.73 m2 (imputed baseline creatinine). We tested the accuracy of this approach to detect acute kidney injury at admission in patients with decompensated cirrhosis and creatinine <1.5 mg/dl.MethodsWe analysed 213 patients hospitalized for acute decompensation of cirrhosis. At admission, glomerular filtration rate was estimated using creatinine‐based equations and measured by inulin clearance. A diagnosis of acute kidney injury was made using an imputed value of serum creatinine as baseline.ResultsThe diagnosis of AKI based on an imputed baseline creatinine identified only 20.1% of patients with measured glomerular filtration rate ≤60 ml/min/1.73 m2 without any predictive value on 90‐day survival.ConclusionsIn patients with cirrhosis and ascites with a creatinine <1.5 mg/dl without a baseline value on their records, the diagnosis of acute kidney injury at admission based on an imputed baseline creatinine is not accurate.