bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tourism Development in the Dutch Wadden Area: Spatial-Temporal Characteristics and Monitoring Needs
Authors: Sijtsma Frans J. , Broersma Lourens , Daams Michiel N. , Hoekstra Hendrik , Werner Gelijn 
Published: November 2015

<p class="emsd"><span lang="EN-US">The paper presents a spatial and temporal analysis of tourism in the Dutch Wadden area and identifies policy dilemmas and monitoring needs. The analysis is temporal because historical, current and future aspects of tourism development are addressed; it is spatial because the spatial differentiaton of tourism within the Wadden area is examined. For the assessment of the historical and current situation focus is on visitor and employment data and especially the relative degree of specialization of the local economy on tourism. For the future direction of tourism and possible investment options, the paper draws on surveyed views of 91 tourism entrepreneurs in the Wadden area. On the basis of this spatial and temporal analysis, the paper identifies policy dilemmas that differ substantially among the Wadden islands, the Waddensea, and the mainland Wadden coast. Drawing on this in depth empirical analysis the paper theoretically aims to enrich the Tourism Area Life Cycle (TALC) concept and the monitoring it implies. In response to the needs of monitoring sustainablilty, the paper argues for a broader yet still minimal extension of TALC. It argues for a four quadrant TALC – named TALC-4q – in which four perspectives on tourism development are combined: market, ecology and nature, regional labor market and policy. The combination of monitoring visitor flows and market share, together with ecological quality, employment size and share, and the consensus on policy, is expected to refine the accuracy of the TALC concept and fuel its wider use in the search for sustainable tourism. </span></p>
Å leve et menneskeverdig liv - Martha Nussbaums globale helseetikk
Authors: Lysaker Odin 
Published: November 2015

Nylig igangsatte FN Post-2015, sin nye utviklingsagenda. Sentralt er en global kamp for bedret helse, hvor det å leve et menneskeverdig liv står i sentrum. Imidlertid er forståelsen av selve helsebegrepet omstridt. Noen mener at det bør knyttes an til jus og menneskerettigheter, mens andre foreslår etikk og menneskeverd. Dette hviler i sin tur på motstridende menneskesyn i den globale helseetiske diskursen, nemlig mennesket som enten autonomt eller avhengig. I artikkelen analyserer jeg denne debatten ut fra det jeg hevder er Martha Nussbaums globale helseetikk, som baseres på hennes kapabilitetstilnærming så vel som begrep om ‘helse som livskvalitet’. Min konklusjon er at Nussbaums normative begrunnelse for Post-2015 ut fra et kroppslig forankret menneskeverd er det mest overbevisende av de to konkurrerende svarene.Nøkkelord: global helseetikk, Martha Nussbaum, menneskeverd, menneskerettigheter, post-2015English summary: Living a dignified life - Martha Nussbaum's global health ethicsThe UN recently launched Post-2015, which is its new development agenda. Central here is the global struggle for improved health, in which what it takes to live a dignified life is stressed. However, the understanding of the notion of health is disputed. Some believe that it should be linked to law and the human rights, while others suggest ethics and human dignity. Which in turn rests on conflicting stands in the global health ethical discourse regards to the view of humanity, namely either as autonomous or dependent. In the paper I analyse this discourse, in which my point of departure is Martha Nussbaum’s capabilities approach as well as her concept of health as life quality. This I read exactly as a global health ethics. Thus, I conclude that between the two competing answers, Nussbaum’s normative justification for Post-2015 on the basis of bodily grounded human dignity is the most convincing.Keywords: global health ethics, Martha Nussbaum, human dignity, human rights, Post-2015
Understanding Identity Making in the Context of Sociopolitical Involvement among Asian and Pacific Islander American Lesbian and Bisexual Women
Authors: Battle Juan , Harris Angelique , Donaldson Vernisa , Mushtaq Omar 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
This study examines how Asian and Pacific Islander American (API) lesbians and bisexual women form identities within the context of occupying both ethnic and sexual minority social statuses. To do so, we examine the correlates of sociopolitical involvement within minority communities among a sample of 175 API lesbian and bisexual women. The findings suggest that feeling connected to lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) communities plays the most influential role in their sociopolitical involvement within both LGBT and people of color (POC) communities, while comfort in racial communities plays a negative role on LGBT sociopolitical involvement but has no impact on POC sociopolitical involvement. We then discuss implications for identity formation.
Human Identification by Gait Using Time Delay Neural Networks
Authors: Mashagba Eman 
Published: November 2015

<p>This paper proposed human identification method by gait. Human gait is a type of biometric features and related to the physiological and behavioral features of a human. In this paper, a feature vector of gait motion parameters is extracted from each frame using image segmentation methods, and categorized into different categories. Two of these categories were used to form the gait motion trajectories; Category one: Gait angle velocity: angle velocity hip, angle velocity knee, angle velocity thigh and angle velocity shank. Category two: Gait angle acceleration: angle acceleration hip, angle acceleration knee, angle acceleration thigh and angle acceleration shank for each image sequence. Finally, the TDNN method with different training algorithms is used for recognition purpose. This experiment is done on our own database. This research developed a method which achieves a higher recognition rate in the training set 100% and in the testing set 83%. Also, category one establishes gait motion features to be used in human gait identification applications using different training algorithms, While category two achieved a higher recognition rate by trainrb algorithm.</p>
Influence of Chitosan-Alginate Microcapsules Containing Anti-Vibrio Harveyi IgY in the Gastrointestinal Tract Simulation
Authors: Punyokun Kawin , Hongprayoon Ratchanee , Srisapoome Prapansak , Sirinarumitre Theerapol 
Published: November 2015

<p class="zhengwen"><span lang="EN-GB">Egg yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) is an alternative treatment for the prevention of gastrointestinal infections in pigs, cows, chickens and fish. In our previous report, we preliminarily proved that anti-<em>V. harveyi</em> IgY had effective potential to control luminous disease in black tiger shrimp. However,</span><span lang="EN-GB">IgY activity may be reduced or destroyed by gastric conditions, particularly low pH and digestive enzymes. Therefore, it is necessary to find an effective method to preserve the therapeutic function of IgY antibodies during gastric passage. Chitosan-alginate microcapsules have been developed to protect IgY from gastric inactivation. The processing factors included different forms of chitosan and alginate, while a CaCl2 concentration and encapsulation medium was investigated. The optimum results were obtained under the following conditions: High Mw chitosan concentration 0.2% (w/v), medium viscosity alginate concentration 2% (w/v), CaCl2 concentration 0.5% (w/v). The stability of IgY in simulated gastric fluid (SGF, pH 1.2) was greatly improved by encapsulation in chitosan-alginate microcapsules, and retained greater than 90% activity after 2 h exposure to SGF. Less than 10% IgY was released upon the microcapsules’ exposure to SGF for 2 h, and more than 80% IgY was released upon the microcapsules’ exposure to simulated intestinal fluid (SIF, pH 6.8) for 16 h. </span></p>
The Effect of Emotional Intelligence on Four Dimensions of knowledge Conversion in Selected Industrial Organizational
Authors: Akhavan Peyman , Samiee Saeid , Abasaltian Mahdi , Samimi Ehsan , Abasaltian Ali 
Published: November 2015

<p class="zhengwen"><span lang="EN-GB">There is a relation between Emotional intelligence, knowledge management and culture of each organization. In this research the impact of organizational cultures have been studied. The methodology has been used for this research was descriptive. According to type and size of their projects, organizational culture was estimated as bureaucratic in seven organizations. The Quinn organizational culture questionnaire along with several interviews with managers verified the bureaucratic culture in four organizations. The applied tool for data collection was a questionnaire consisting of 33 questions. Moreover, the sample size was 344 employees in four organizations. To investigate the reliability of the questionnaire the Cronbach’s alpha value has been measured and the validity has been confirmed by the field. Moreover, according to Goleman’s emotional intelligence model the five factors have been measured in the selected organizations. Also the knowledge management‘s Model presented by Nonaka and Takeuchi has been used by considering four presented elements. </span></p><p class="zhengwen"><span lang="EN-GB">The results demonstrated that in the bureaucratic cultures, externalization and combination are in a proper status. Analyzing the research data depicted the relationship between different dimensions of emotional intelligence and the ability of individuals in different aspects of converting the knowledge. For example Social skill and empathy ability of individuals have a positive and significant relationship with socialization. </span></p>
Necessity of Clinical Engineers to Improve Present Health Technology Management in Developing Countries
Authors: Hossain Md. Anwar , Sharun S. M. , Rashid M. A. , Islam M. R. , Ahmad M. 
Published: November 2015

<p>Developing countries such as Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, Indonesia and so many could not introduce clinical engineering professional (CEP) in health technology management (HTM) science. As a result, they could not establish the safe health technology management. Conversely, CEP has been introduced by developed countries in HTM for about last 35 years long and thereby established a safe health care system. We noticed the continual problem in the health care management system. To overcome this continual problem, we think that clinical engineering professional is very much necessary to proper implementation of health technology management in developing countries in order to ensure the safe health care system. CEP will train to HTM personnel and a safe health care management will be established in developing countries. The modern medical technology will be involved by the proper practice of HTM and CEP. This pioneer professional will keep the whole HTM with good functional condition. Therefore, we conclude that introducing of CEP is badly necessary to improve the existing unhealthy HTM as well as health care system of the developing countries.HTM personnel will understand the necessity of CEP as well as health care planners. This paper will guide to the existing personnel of HTM and help them to understand the importance roles of CEP. Among these counties, the health care technology management system seems to very problematic. Continually, it is observing that the health care technology management performance is twisting with the increase of sophisticated medical devices. Authors firmly believe that an excellent benefit can be obtained by introducing skilled clinical engineers in the health services of developing countries as Bangladesh. </p>
Social Integration of Disabled People in Russia Using Virtual Computer Technologies
Authors: Efremova Galina Ivanovna , Maksimenko Zhanna Alexandrovna , Aysina Rimma Mikhailovna , Petrova Inna Vladimirovna 
Published: November 2015

<p class="zhengwen"><span lang="EN-GB">The article is devoted to the topical problem of persons with disabilities integration into society. Intensions and realities of social policy for disabled people in Russia are introduced. social and psychological barriers, obstructive to this process are described. The results of the survey in a sample of 268 disabled individuals are presented. It is concluded that the low level of community literacy, the lack of communication skills, social s</span><span lang="EN-US">tereotypes concerning disabled people and “rental income attitude” of persons with disabilities are the most severe social and psychological barriers. Virtual computer technologies are offered as one of the modern tools, aimed at overcoming the barriers. Global and domestic experience of using virtual technologies for rehabilitation of disabled people are discussed. Technology of improving the life quality of persons with disabilities by means of virtualistics is proposed. </span></p>
Du regard en soi au regard de l’autre
Authors: Gendron-Langevin Maud 
Published: November 2015

Cet article propose une analyse réflexive sur un projet d’ethno-théâtre thérapie en milieu scolaire avec des élèves en difficulté d’adaptation. La notion de regards superposés est explorée sous trois angles : en groupe de thérapie, en représentation théâtrale et en différé via un documentaire. Le témoin actif est défini en tenant compte des risques et du potentiel relatifs au processus thérapeutique. La notion de regard en groupe de dramathérapie et en classe d’art dramatique est mise en perspective afin d’ouvrir sur un possible échange entre ces disciplines qui utilisent toutes deux les outils du théâtre et de l’art dramatique à des fins différentes.
Nonthermal radiative transfer of oxygen 98.9 nm ultraviolet emission: Solving an old mystery
Authors: Hubert B. , Gérard J.‐C. , Shematovich V. I. , Bisikalo D. V. , Chakrabarti S. , Gladstone G. R. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractSounding rocket measurements conducted in 1988 under high solar activity conditions revealed that the intensity of thermospheric OI emissions at 98.9 nm presents an anomalous vertical profile, showing exospheric intensities much higher than expected from radiative transfer model results, which included the known sources of excited oxygen. All attempts based on modeling of the photochemical processes and radiative transfer were unable to account for the higher than predicted brightnesses. More recently, the SOHO‐Solar Ultraviolet Measurements of Emitted Radiation instrument measured the UV solar flux at high‐spectral resolution, revealing the importance of a significant additional source of oxygen emission at 98.9 nm that had not been accounted for before. In this study, we simulate the radiative transfer of the OI‐98.9 nm multiplet, including the photochemical sources of excited oxygen, the resonant scattering of solar photons, and the effects of nonthermal atoms, i.e., a population of fast‐moving oxygen atoms in excess of the Maxwellian distribution. Including resonance scattering of the 98.9 nm solar multiplet, we find good agreement with the previous sounding rocket observation. The inclusion of a nonthermal oxygen population with a consistent increase of the total density produces a larger intensity at high altitude that apparently better accounts for the observation, but such a correction cannot be demonstrated given the uncertainties of the observations. A good agreement between model and sounding rocket observation is also found with the triplet at 130.4 nm. We further investigate the radiative transfer of the OI‐98.9 nm multiplet and the oxygen emissions at 130.4 and 135.6 nm using observations from the STP78‐1 satellite. We find a less satisfying agreement between the model and the STP78‐1 data that can be accounted for by scaling the modeled intensity within a range acceptable given the uncertainties on the STP78‐1 absolute calibration.
Cadmium regeneration within the North Atlantic
Authors: Roshan Saeed , Wu Jingfeng 
Published: November 2015

AbstractCadmium (Cd) incorporated into the benthic microfossils has been widely used in reconstructing the past water circulation in the North Atlantic. This requires a major control by conservative mixing over regeneration process on the seawater cadmium distribution in the North Atlantic. Through coupling the recently reported Cd data at depths below 300 m with quantitative water mass analysis along the GA03 transect, we tested two models for cadmium cycling within the North Atlantic: conservative mixing alone and conservative mixing plus regeneration which is termed as regenerative mixing. The results show that the regenerative mixing model reproduces the observations (slope = 0.99 and R2 = 0.97) much better than the conservative mixing model (slope = 0.99 and R2 = 0.88). The regenerative mixing model was applied to estimate the amount of dissolved cadmium regenerated “within” the North Atlantic. This regionally regenerated cadmium contributes to ~10% and >50% of the total cadmium in the North Atlantic at depths >1000 m and 300–1000 m, respectively, indicating that the microfossil‐reconstructed seawater Cd can be attributed to the mixing from the South Atlantic to the North Atlantic with high accuracy for depths below 1000 m, while within 300–1000 m cadmium is more controlled by the regeneration process than the mixing process, complicating the attribution of the microfossil‐reconstructed seawater Cd to the changes in water mass geometry within this 300–1000 m depth range. A regionally and vertically constant Cd/PO43− regeneration ratio ~262 pM/µmol/kg was derived from the regenerative mixing model which is comparable with ratios estimated in the recent studies for the North Atlantic.
Semiannual and solar activity variations of daytime plasma observed by DEMETER in the ionosphere‐plasmasphere transition region
Authors: Li L. Y. , Cao J. B. , Yang J. Y. , Berthelier J. J. , Lebreton J.‐P. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractUsing the plasma data of Detection of Electro‐Magnetic Emissions Transmitted from Earthquake Regions (DEMETER) satellite and the NRLMSISE‐00 atmospheric model, we examined the semiannual and solar activity variations of the daytime plasma and neutral composition densities in the ionosphere‐plasmasphere transition region (~670–710 km). The results demonstrate that the semiannually latitudinal variation of the daytime oxygen ions (O+) is basically controlled by that of neutral atomic oxygen (O), whereas the latitude distributions of the helium and hydrogen ions (He+ and H+) do not fully depend on the neutral atomic helium (He) and hydrogen (H). The summer enhancement of the heavy oxygen ions is consistent with the neutral O enhancement in the summer hemisphere, and the oxygen ion density has significantly the summer‐dense and winter‐tenuous hemispheric asymmetry with respect to the dip equator. Although the winter enhancements of the lighter He+ and H+ ions are also associated with the neutral He and H enhancements in the winter hemisphere, the high‐density light ions (He+ and H+) and electrons (e−) mainly appear at the low and middle magnetic latitudes (|λ| < 50°). The equatorial accumulations of the light plasma species indicate that the light charged particles (He+, H+, and e−) are easily transported by some equatorward forces (e.g., the magnetic mirror force and centrifugal force). The frequent Coulomb collisions between the charged particles probably lead to the particle trappings at different latitudes. Moreover, the neutral composition densities also influence their ion concentrations during different solar activities. From the low‐F10.7 year (2007–2008) to the high‐F10.7 year (2004–2005), the daytime oxygen ions and electrons increase with the increasing neutral atomic oxygen, whereas the daytime hydrogen ions tend to decrease with the decreasing neutral atomic hydrogen. The helium ion density has no obvious solar activity variation, suggesting that the generation (via the neutral He photoionization) and loss (via the charge exchange with neutral nitrogen N2 and/or the recombination with electrons) of the daytime He+ ions are comparable during different solar activities.
Probabilistic model of beam‐plasma interaction in randomly inhomogeneous solar wind
Authors: Voshchepynets A. , Krasnoselskikh V. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis paper is dedicated to the effects of plasma density fluctuations in the solar wind on the relaxation of the electron beams ejected from the Sun. The density fluctuations are supposed to be responsible for the changes in the local phase velocity of the Langmuir waves generated by the beam instability. Changes in the wave phase velocity during the wave propagation can be described in terms of probability distribution function determined by distribution of the density fluctuations. Using these probability distributions, we describe resonant wave particle interactions by a system of equations, similar to a well‐known quasi‐linear approximation, where the conventional velocity diffusion coefficient and the wave growth rate are replaced by the averaged in the velocity space. It was shown that the process of relaxation of electron beam is accompanied by transformation of significant part of the beam kinetic energy to energy of the accelerated particles via generation and absorption of the Langmuir waves. We discovered that for the very rapid beams with beam velocity vb>15vt, where vt is a thermal velocity of background plasma, the relaxation process consists of two well‐separated steps. On first step the major relaxation process occurs and the wave growth rate almost everywhere in the velocity space becomes close to zero or negative. At the second stage the system remains in the state close to state of marginal stability long enough to explain how the beam may be preserved traveling distances over 1 AU while still being able to generate the Langmuir waves.
Spontaneous reconnection at a separator current layer: 2. Nature of the waves and flows
Authors: Stevenson J. E. H. , Parnell C. E. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractSudden destabilizations of the magnetic field, such as those caused by spontaneous reconnection, will produce waves and/or flows. Here we investigate the nature of the plasma motions resulting from spontaneous reconnection at a 3‐D separator. In order to clearly see these perturbations, we start from a magnetohydrostatic equilibrium containing two oppositely signed null points joined by a generic separator along which lies a twisted current layer. The nature of the magnetic reconnection initiated in this equilibrium as a result of an anomalous diffusivity is discussed in detail in Stevenson and Parnell (2015). The resulting sudden loss of force balance inevitably generates waves that propagate away from the diffusion region carrying the dissipated current. In their wake a twisting stagnation flow, in planes perpendicular to the separator, feeds flux back into the original diffusion site (the separator) in order to try to regain equilibrium. This flow drives a phase of slow weak impulsive bursty reconnection that follows on after the initial fast‐reconnection phase.
Experimental determination of the dispersion relation of magnetosonic waves
Authors: Walker S. N. , Balikhin M. A. , Shklyar D. R. , Yearby K. H. , Canu P. , Carr C. M. , Dandouras I. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractMagnetosonic waves are commonly observed in the vicinity of the terrestrial magnetic equator. It has been proposed that within this region they may interact with radiation belt electrons, accelerating some to high energies. These wave‐particle interactions depend upon the characteristic properties of the wave mode. Hence, determination of the wave properties is a fundamental part of understanding these interaction processes. Using data collected during the Cluster Inner Magnetosphere Campaign, this paper identifies an occurrence of magnetosonic waves, discusses their generation and propagation properties from a theoretical perspective, and utilizes multispacecraft measurements to experimentally determine their dispersion relation. Their experimental dispersion is found to be in accordance with that based on cold plasma theory.