bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robust Unknown Input Observer Design for Linear Uncertain Time Delay Systems with Application to Fault Detection
Authors: Ahmadizadeh Saeed , Zarei Jafar , Karimi Hamid Reza 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIn this paper, a novel approach is proposed to design a robust fault detection observer for uncertain linear time delay systems. The system is composed of both norm‐bounded uncertainties and exogenous signals (noise, disturbance, and fault) which are considered to be unknown. The main contribution of this paper is to present unknown input observer (UIO)‐based fault detection system which shows the maximum sensitivity to fault signals and the minimum sensitivity to other signals. Since the system contains uncertainty terms, an H∞ model‐matching approach is used in design procedure. The reference residual signal generator system is designed so that the fault signal has maximum sensitivity while the exogenous signals have minimum sensitivity on the residual signal. Then, the fault detection system is designed by minimizing the estimation error between the reference residual signal and the UIO residual signal in the sense of H∞ norm. A sufficient condition for the existence of such a filter is exploited in terms of certain linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Application of the proposed method in a numerical example and an engineering process are simulated to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Simulation results show the validity of the proposed approach to detect the occurrence of faults in the presence of modeling errors, disturbances, and noise.
Die energetische Sanierung der Stadtbibliothek Nürnberg – Entwicklung des Energie‐ und Klimakonzepts mittels hygrothermischer Gebäudesimulation
Authors: Anlauft Eva , Meinhold Uwe , Wagner Moritz , Wenzel Urs 
Published: August 2013

AbstractDas 1911 errichtete und nach weitgehender Zerstörung 1956 wieder aufgebaute Luitpoldhaus wurde im Rahmen der Zusammenlegung von drei bisher räumlich separaten Einrichtungen der Stadtbibliothek Nürnberg an einen Standort generalsaniert, umgebaut und erweitert. Mit der baulichen und anlagentechnischen Komplettsanierung verbindet sich eine städtebauliche Verbesserung des “soziokulturellen Zentrums südliche Altstadt“. Besonders anspruchsvoll ist die konservatorisch angemessene Unterbringung des für die Stadt Nürnberg überaus wertvollen Bestandes an mittelalterlichen Handschriften, Inkunabeln, alten Drucken und Karten. Mit der Sanierung wurde eine wesentliche Verbesserung der Energieeffizienz von mindestens 30 % unter dem Anforderungsniveau der Energieeinsparverordnung 2007 für Neubauten angestrebt. Die strengen konservatorischen Raumklimabedingungen sollen dabei mit weitgehend passiven baulichen Maßnahmen unter Einbindung innovativer Lösungen sowie mit minimierter anlagentechnischer Ausstattung gewährleistet werden. Für die Auswahl und Dimensionierung der Maßnahmen wurden umfangreiche thermische und hygrische Raumklima‐ und Strömungssimulationen in den Planungsprozess integriert.The energy optimised renovation of Nuremberg City Library: Designing for energy and climate using hygrothermal building simulation. The Luitpoldhaus was built in 1911, largely destroyed in 1945, then rebuilt in 1956. Three previously separate built elements of a Nuremberg City Library site were recently combined, refurbished, converted and expanded. This thoroughgoing renovation involving both construction and systems engineering was combined with urban planning improvements to the southern part of the old town, a socio‐cultural focal point in the city. One particular challenge faced was how to house the city‘s treasured collection of mediaeval manuscripts and incunabula, old prints and maps in an environment suited to their conservation. The renovation has significantly improved energy efficiency at the site: the target was at least 30 % below the level required of new buildings under the 2007 German Building Energy Conservation Ordinance. The stringent conservation requirements on indoor climatic conditions will be maintained with the extensive use of passive construction techniques, involving innovative solutions and a minimum of systems engineering equipment. Comprehensive thermal and hygrothermal climatic and flow simulations were incorporated into the planning process to help select and dimension the relevant measures.
Untersuchung zur Dämmwirkung von Wärmedämm‐Materialien mit Infrarot reflektierenden Oberflächen
Authors: Al‐Sibai Faruk , Hillemacher Bernd , Burghold Michael , Kneer Reinhold 
Published: August 2013

AbstractFür Wärmedämm‐Materialien mit Infrarot reflektierenden Oberflächen gibt es bisher keine Möglichkeiten, die wesentlichen Merkmale der IR‐Folien zu beschreiben und eine Möglichkeit zu etablieren, den IR‐Dämmprodukten verständliche, produktspezifische und wärmetechnische Eigenschaften zuzuweisen. Für Lufträume, deren Begrenzungsflächen niedrige Emissionsgrade aufweisen, sind die Näherungsverfahren der DIN EN ISO 6946 nur eingeschränkt geeignet, da die dominierenden, konvektiven Prozesse in den Lufträumen nicht genau genug berechnet werden können. Es wird daher ein universelles Verfahren für die Berechnung des Wärmedurchlasswiderstandes durch ein Bauteil vorgestellt, das im Besonderen die Wärmeübergangsprozesse durch Leitung, Konvektion und Strahlung in den Lufträumen detailliert mit Hilfe dimensionsloser Wärmeübergangskoeffizienten für unterschiedlichste Rayleigh‐Zahl‐Bereiche simuliert und quantitative Voraussagen über den Bemessungswert des Wärmedurchlasswiderstandes R des Dämmsystems und somit auch über den Wärmedurchgangskoeffizienten U durch die gesamte Baukonstruktion erlaubt.Analysis of the insulation effect of infrared reflective products. Up to now there are no adequate methods to quantify the thermal resistance of IR‐reflective insulation products. For air filled rooms with low‐emissivity bounding surfaces, the approximation procedure of the DIN EN ISO 6946 is not suitable, because the dominating convective heat transfer processes cannot be calculated precisely enough. The Institute of Heat and Mass Transfer at RWTH Aachen University has developed a simulation procedure for the calculation of the simultaneous heat transfer by conduction, convection and radiation in a fluid layer in detail for various Rayleigh number ranges with the help of Nusselt correlations to obtain quantitative predictions for the thermal resistance of different roof systems.
Polyploidie: Mehr ist nicht immer besser
Authors: Kronberg Inge 
Published: August 2013

AbstractPolyploidie ist vor allem im Pflanzenreich eine verbreitete Genommutation. Die Vervielfachung des Genoms verändert den Phänotyp: Aus kleinen wildwachsenden Holzäpfeln werden große, saftige Kulturäpfel, Baumwollfäden werden lang und spinnbar, Weizen ertragreich und dreschfähig. Die Polyploidisierung ist aber nicht nur das Ergebnis von Züchtung, sondern kommt natürlicherweise bei den meisten heutigen Pflanzen vor. Sie hat Impulse in der Evolution gegeben, aber auch in Sackgassen geführt. Was sich auf genetischer und epigenetischer Ebene dahinter verbirgt, wird trotz neuer Labormethoden erst allmählich klarer.
In jedem Winkel ein Netz: Spinnen‐Vielfalt rund ums Haus
Authors: Petrischak Hannes 
Published: August 2013

AbstractSpinnen lieben die vielfältigen Strukturen menschlicher Bauwerke: In Winkeln und Spalten finden sie ihre Verstecke, und viele Insekten, angelockt vom Licht, gehen ihnen hier ins Netz. Auch wer sich vielleicht zunächst vor diesen Tieren gruselt, wird bei genauerer Betrachtung schnell von ihnen fasziniert sein.
Mycophenolic acid regulates spleen tyrosine kinase to repress tumour necrosis factor‐alpha‐induced monocyte chemotatic protein‐1 production in cultured human aortic endothelial cells
Authors: Koo Tai Yeon , Kim Yoon Ji , Yang Won Seok , Park Jung Sik , Han Nam Jeong , Lee Joo Mi , Park Su Kil 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAtherosclerosis develops from cascades of inflammatory processes. Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) and monocyte chemotatic protein‐1 (MCP‐1) play important roles in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Mycophenolic acid (MPA) has an anti‐inflammatory effect. We have investigated whether MPA regulates Syk to repress tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α)‐induced MCP‐1 production in cultured human aortic endothelial cells. Expression of MCP‐1 mRNA and its protein were measured by real time RT‐PCR and ELISA, respectively. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were measured using 2′7′‐dichlorofluorescein diacetate. Activation of AP‐1 and NF‐κB were assessed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Tyrosine phosphorylation of Syk was examined by Western blot analysis. TNF‐α increased MCP‐1 at both mRNA and protein levels. TNF‐α‐induced MCP‐1 mRNA expression was inhibited by N‐acetylcysteine (NAC), Syk inhibitor, Syk‐siRNA and MPA. TNF‐α‐induced MCP‐1 protein production was also inhibited by Syk inhibitor and MPA. TNF‐α increased DNA binding activity of AP‐1 and NF‐κB, whereas both AP‐1 and NF‐κB decoy oligodeoxynucleotides downregulated TNF‐α‐induced MCP‐1 mRNA expression. TNF‐α increased ROS generation, which was inhibited by NAC and MPA, but not by Syk inhibitor. TNF‐α increased tyrosine phosphorylation of Syk, which was attenuated by NAC and MPA. MPA and Syk inhibitor attenuated TNF‐α‐induced DNA binding activity of NF‐κB and AP‐1. TNF‐α induced MCP‐1 expression via activation of AP‐1 and NF‐κB. AP‐1 and NF‐κB were mediated through ROS, followed by Syk. MPA exerts anti‐inflammatory effect by inhibiting MCP‐1 expression via suppression of ROS and Syk.
All‐trans retinoic acid displays multiple effects on the growth, lipogenesis and adipokine gene expression of AML‐I preadipocyte cell line
Authors: Morikawa Keiko , Hanada Haruka , Hirota Kaori , Nonaka Mitsuko , Ikeda Chiharu 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAdipose tissue is a potential site of retinoic acid (RA) action, but its physiological significance remains to be clarified. We have examined the effect of all‐trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on growth and differentiation of preadipocytes, and on adipokine gene expression in mature adipocytes using human preadipocyte cell model, AML‐I. Both ATRA and 9‐cis RA induced growth arrest in AML‐I preadipocyte at between 50 and 100 µM, which was accompanied by apoptosis. Western blotting showed a loss of NF‐κB, Bcl‐2 and p‐Akt, and the accumulation of Bad and Akt in cytoplasm of ATRA‐treated AML‐I preadipocytes. Exposure of AML‐I to ATRA or 9‐cis RA increased intracellular lipid accumulation in a time‐dependent manner compared to vehicle‐treated cells. Expression of fatty acid synthase (FAS) and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ (PPAR‐γ) proteins was increased in ATRA‐treated cells. Thus, both ATRA and 9‐cis RA promoted differentiation, inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in AML‐I preadipocytes. ATRA also modulated adipokine expression by increasing the mRNA level of adipocytokines (adiponectin, leptin and LPL), and by inhibiting PAI‐1 mRNA expression in mature AML‐I adipocytes. The data suggest that ATRA exerts a wide range of effects—growth arrest, apoptosis, lipogenesis and modulation of adipokine gene expression—during the maturation of preadipocytes into adipocytes.
Role of 14‐3‐3σ in resistance to cisplatin in non‐small cell lung cancer cells
Authors: Cetintas Vildan Bozok , Tetik Aslı , Cok Gursel , Kucukaslan Ali Sahin , Kosova Buket , Gunduz Cumhur , Veral Ali , Eroglu Zuhal 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe efficacies of chemotherapeutic agents are often limited by side effects and acquired drug resistance. We have investigated whether the differential expression pattern of 14‐3‐3σ affects cisplatin response in non‐small cell lung cancer cell lines. Two pairs of parental/cisplatin resistant cell lines (A549/CRA549 and Calu1/CR‐Calu1) and clinical lung cancer biopsy samples were analysed for 14‐3‐3σ expression. Cell viability was assessed by WST assay; and 14‐3‐3σ expression was suppressed by siRNA transfection. 14‐3‐3σ mRNA expression increased in CR‐A549 and CR‐Calu1 compared with their cisplatin‐sensitive parental A549 and Calu1 cell lines. But when 14‐3‐3σ expression was suppressed, elevated cisplatin response was seen in A549 and CR‐Calu1 cell lines. Increased 14‐3‐3σ expression might also account for reduced cisplatin response in vivo, since, 14‐3‐3σ expression in clinical biopsy samples obtained from lung cancer patients undergoing cisplatin‐based chemotherapy significantly higher in the non‐responder compared with the responder group. We therefore propose that increased 14‐3‐3σ expression is correlated with cisplatin response in non‐small cell lung cancer cells; monitoring its expression might become useful in the future in predicting poor outcome to cisplatin treatment and/or the verification of acquired cisplatin resistance in lung cancer patients.
Protective effects of ADAM8 against cisplatin‐mediated apoptosis in non‐small‐cell lung cancer
Authors: Zhang Weifeng , Wan Minghui , Ma Lunchao , Liu Xiang , He Jianxing 
Published: August 2013

AbstractA disintegrin, metalloproteinase 8 (ADAM8), is overexpressed in the vast majority of lung cancers and can be a diagnostic marker of lung cancer. We have investigated the effect of ADAM8 on the cisplatin resistance in non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines. Stable cell lines overexpressing ADAM8 in A549 and H460 cells were generated, both of which have low endogenous ADAM8. Ectopic expression of ADAM8 rendered cells more resistant to cisplatin‐induced toxicity, increasing the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values by 1.85‐fold in A549 cells and 3.91‐fold in H460 cells relative to mock‐transfected cells. Moreover, silencing of ADAM8 in H647 cells with high endogenous level of ADAM8 sensitised them to cisplatin‐induced toxicity, with a lower IC50 value of 11.2 µM relative to an IC50 of 25.3 µM in mock‐transfected cells. Moreover, knockdown of ADAM8 caused a significant increase in cisplatin‐induced apoptosis assessed by annexin‐V/propidium iodide double staining, accompanying with enhanced cleavage of caspase‐3 and poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase. Western blot analysis showed that a greater amount of phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in ADAM8‐overexpressing A549 cells compared to parental or mock‐transfected cells. STAT3 silencing increased the susceptibility of ADAM8‐overexpressing A549 cells to cisplatin. Both Bcl‐2 and Mcl‐1 in ADAM8‐overexpressing A549 cells were profoundly diminished by STAT3 knockdown. Thus, ADAM8 is implicated in cisplatin resistance of NSCLC cells through activation of the STAT3 signalling pathway, and thus represents a potential therapeutic target in this malignancy.
Flavonoid hesperidin protects neural crest cells from death caused by aflatoxin B1
Authors: Nones Jader , Nones Janaína , Trentin Andrea Gonçalves 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe neural crest (NC) corresponds to a collection of multipotent and oligopotent progenitors endowed with both neural and mesenchymal potentials. The derivatives of the NC at trunk level include neurons and glial cells of the peripheral nervous system. Despite the well‐known influence of aflatoxins on the development of cancer, the issue of whether they also influence NC cells has not been yet addressed. In the present work, we have investigated the effects of aflatoxin B1 on quail NC cells and the concomitant effects of the flavonoid hesperidin associated with this mycotoxin. We show for the first time that aflatoxin B1 decreases the viability and the total number of glial and neuronal cells/field, although their proportions in relation to the total number of cells were not altered. Therefore, aflatoxin has no effect on NC differentiation. However, this compound was able to reduce NC proliferation and NC survival. Furthermore, the co‐administration of hesperidin, a well‐known polyphenolic protector of cell death, partially prevented the effect of aflatoxin B1. Taken together, our results demonstrate that aflatoxin B1 is toxic to NC cells, an effect partially prevented by the flavonoid hesperidin. This study may contribute to the understanding of the effects of these compounds during early embryonic development and offer potentially more assertive diets and treatments for pregnant animals.
Association of nucleus and centrosome: magnet or velcro?
Authors: Burakov Anton V. , Nadezhdina Elena S. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractA structural link between cell's nucleus and centrosome was proposed years ago. Such a link was suggested to maintain nucleus–centrosome axis, determine polarity of interphase cells and ensure spindle assembly in mitotic cells. The idea of structural link is supported by the facts that centrosomes are usually located in close proximity to the nuclei and remain attached to the nuclei in mildly homogenated cells. However, juxtaposed location can result rather from the tendency of both organelles to occupy central position in cell than from the existence of a specific structural link. Moreover, the nucleus was shown to be transported towards the centrosome along microtubules by dynein bound to nuclear envelope; inhibition of dynein results in the increase of nucleus–centrosome distance. The interaction of both organelles is disturbed in response to actin depolymerisation, although the exact role of actin filaments in this process remains unknown. The link between the nucleus and the centrosome can support simultaneous migration of nuclei and centrosomes in large cells and in syncytia, but its existence in interphase fibroblast‐like and epithelia‐like cells was not confirmed yet. Further studies include direct visualisation of a specific link between centrosome and nucleus and elucidation of actin role in its formation.
Measurement of entropy production in living cells under an alternating electric field
Authors: Ding Changjiang , Luo Liaofu 
Published: August 2013

AbstractEntropy is a thermodynamic property toward equilibrium based on the dissipation of energy. Cells constitute such a thermodynamic system, in which entropy production is both inevitable and highly significant. Although the experimental measurement of entropy production in a cell is very difficult, a new method to accomplish this in living cells is reported herein. Through heating the sample by alternating electric fields and recording the heat flow from cells, the entropy production in two normal cell lines, MCF10A and HL‐7702, and two cancerous cell lines, MDA‐MB‐231 and SMMC‐7721, was measured and compared. The scaled electroinduced entropy production rate (SEEP) of cancer cells monotonically increases with electric field strength at 5–40 V/cm, while that of normal cells changes nonmonotonically with electric field strength, reaching a peak at 5–30 V/cm. For all cell lines, the cancerous‐to‐normal ratio of field‐induced entropy production is clearly <1 in a large range of field strength from 5 to 25 V/cm. Therefore, this work presents an easy and effective strategy for experimentally investigating the thermodynamic properties of the cell, and gives deeper insight into the physical differences between normal and cancerous cells exposed to electric fields.
Mucins 1‐shRNA inhibit the proliferation and HIF‐1alpha protein expression on human cholangiocarcinoma cells
Authors: Li Zhuo‐Ri , Wei Jia‐Li , Li Zhen‐Zhen , Li Shu‐Fang 
Published: August 2013

AbstractTo explore the effects of Mucins (MUC)1‐shRNA on the proliferation and hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)‐1alpha expression of human cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) QBC939 cells in vitro. MUC1‐shRNA was constructed and transfected with Lipofectamine™ 2000 into cultured CCA cells. MUC1 mRNA and protein expression levels were determined by RT‐PCR and Western blot, respectively. The cellular proliferation and HIF‐1alpha expression of QBC939 cells were evaluated by the MTT assay and Western blot, respectively. After transfection, the expression levels of MUC1 mRNA and protein in the experimental group decreased significantly in QBC939 (P < 0.01). The proliferation of MUC1 shRNA‐transfected group was 0.30 ± 0.05, 38.32 ± 1.43%, 15.18 ± 1.32%, and there were remarkable differences when compared with the control groups (P < 0.05). Significant inhibition of HIF‐1alpha protein expression in MUC1 shRNA‐transfected group was also discovered (P < 0.05). MUC1‐shRNA could inhibit proliferation and significantly weaken HIF‐1alpha protein expression of QBC939 cells, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target of CCA.
Phenotypic and functional comparison of optimum culture conditions for upscaling of dental pulp stem cells
Authors: Kanafi Mohammad Mahboob , Pal Rajarshi , Gupta Pawan Kumar 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAdvances in dental pulp stem cell (DPSC) biology and behaviour have promised much in the field of regenerative medicine. Their recent use in clinical trials for bone repair enforces the notion that DPSCs can be used successfully in patients; however they display diverse characteristics under different culture conditions. Since the success of any stem cell culture is regulated by its own micro‐environment, it is imperative to optimise the growth conditions and establish a generic protocol for maintenance and scale‐up. This study focused on optimisation of long‐term culture conditions of human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) in comparison with DPSCs, employing three commonly used basal media – knockout Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (KO‐DMEM), α‐MEM and DMEM/F12. Based on their characterisation with respect to morphology, growth kinetics, cell surface marker expression, differentiation capacity and plating density, our findings suggest that cells can be expanded with the highest efficiency in KO‐DMEM medium supplemented with 10% FBS. Additionally, under our standardised xeno‐free (10% human plasma) growth conditions, DPSCs displayed and retained their multipotent attributes until late passages. The differences in the growth and differentiation characteristics between SHED and DPSCs are shown, and certify SHED can be a key element in tissue engineering.
Possible role of the ‘IDO‐AhR axis’ in maternal‐foetal tolerance
Authors: Hao Kehong , Zhou Qian , Chen Wen , Jia Wenwen , Zheng Jing , Kang Jiuhong , Wang Kai , Duan Tony 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe induction and maintenance of immunologic tolerance at the feto‐maternal interface is necessary for a successful pregnancy. The most accepted hypothesis for the mechanism underlying this tolerance is that pregnancy‐induced foetal antigen‐specific maternal T regulatory (Treg) cells mediate maternal tolerance to the foetus. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), which is highly expressed in the placenta, is widely studied in female reproductive biology and immunology. Activation of AhR can promote immune tolerance by controlling the differentiation of Treg cells in some autoimmune disorders. However, the specific mechanisms underlying tolerance are poorly understood. Indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase (IDO) is the initial and rate‐limiting enzyme of tryptophan catabolism in human placental trophoblasts. IDO produces kynurenine, an endogenous AhR ligand that directly activates AhR and is proposed to be central to the establishment and maintenance of immunologic tolerance at the maternal‐foetal interface. We propose that kynurenine activates AhR, leading to the AhR‐dependent Treg cells generation, which in turn critically regulates immunological tolerance at the feto‐maternal interface. This hypothesis must be tested and the proof of this hypothesis may provide a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of infertility and other adverse pregnancy outcomes resulted from inadequate immunological tolerance at the feto‐maternal interface.