bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intracellular β2-adrenergic receptor signaling specificity in mouse skeletal muscle in response to single-dose β2-agonist clenbuterol treatment and acute exercise
Authors: Sato Shogo , Shirato Ken , Mitsuhashi Ryosuke , Inoue Daisuke , Kizaki Takako , Ohno Hideki , Tachiyashiki Kaoru , Imaizumi Kazuhiko 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
The aim of this study was to clarify the intracellular β2-adrenergic receptor signaling specificity in mouse slow-twitch soleus and fast-twitch tibialis anterior (TA) muscles, resulting from single-dose β2-agonist clenbuterol treatment and acute exercise. At 1, 4, and 24 h after single-dose treatment with clenbuterol or after acute running exercise, the soleus and TA muscles were isolated and subjected to analysis. The phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) increased after single-dose clenbuterol treatment and acute exercise in the soleus muscle but not in the TA muscle. Although there was no change in the phosphorylation of Akt after acute exercise in either muscle, phosphorylation of Akt in the soleus muscle increased after single-dose clenbuterol treatment, whereas that in the TA muscle remained unchanged. These results suggest that p38 MAPK and Akt pathways play a functional role in the adaptation to clenbuterol treatment and exercise, particularly in slow-twitch muscles.
ADULT ANTHROPOMETRIC MEASURES AND SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS INFLUENCING AGE AT MENARCHE OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN MALAYSIA
Authors: HOSSAIN MD. GOLAM , WEE AI-SZE , ASHAIE MAEIRAH , KAMARUL T. 
Published: March 2013

SummaryEarly onset of menarche has been shown to be associated with breast cancer and ischaemic heart disease. Studies on age at menarche of the Malaysian population are poorly documented. This study aimed to determine the influence of anthropometric and socio-demographic factors on the age at menarche of university students in Malaysia. Data were obtained in 2010–11 from 961 students between the ages of 18 and 25 years from the University of Malaya using stratified sampling, and multiple regression analysis was applied. Sixty-three per cent of students reached menarche at the age of 12 or 13 years, with the mean and median of age at menarche being 12.45±1.17 and 12.01 years, respectively. Menarcheal age was positively associated with height (p<0.05) and negatively associated with BMI (p<0.001). Students from urban areas attained menarche earlier than those from rural areas (p<0.05). Students from small-sized families attained menarche earlier than those from larger families (p<0.05). First-born students experienced menarche earlier than those who were seventh-born or later. Obese and overweight students reached menarche earlier than students who were underweight or of normal weight (p<0.01). The variations in age at menarche among the Malaysian ethnic groups were statistically insignificant. The results suggest that heavier and first-born students from small families are more likely to attain menarche earlier than their counterparts.
Do rhinology care pathways in primary care influence the quality of referrals to secondary care?
Authors: Su N , Cheang P P , Khalil H 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackground:Chronic sinusitis is the most common routine presentation for a general ENT surgeon. The 2007 ‘Primary Care Guidelines: European Position Paper on the Primary Care Diagnosis and Management of Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps’ aimed to deliver evidence-based guidelines for the diagnosis and management of rhinosinusitis in specialist and primary care.Objective:The aim of this audit was to assess the information provided in the referral letters to the ENT department regarding patients with potential rhinosinusitis, and compare this to the information required for the rhinology care pathways.Method:We evaluated one month of referrals to the ENT department.Results:The quality of information in the referral letters was poor. Only 22 per cent of patient referrals included basic information about symptoms, duration and treatment.Conclusion:We plan to investigate why general practitioners are not complying with the pathway. In addition, the pathways will be more widely disseminated via the ‘Map of Medicine’ (an online resource for general practitioners). This should facilitate the receipt of the best evidence-based treatment for patients prior to referral to secondary care.
Pre-emptive triple analgesia protocol for tonsillectomy pain control in children: double-blind, randomised, controlled, clinical trial
Authors: El-Fattah A M A , Ramzy E 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIntroduction:This double-blind, controlled, parallel-group study was designed to determine the efficacy of pre-emptive triple analgesia for paediatric post-tonsillectomy pain management.Materials and methods:One hundred and thirty-five children were randomised into two groups: pre-emptive triple analgesia (n = 55) and control (n = 80). Pain was assessed using a visual analogue scale (in hospital) and the Parent's Postoperative Pain Measure (at home), and scores recorded.Results:Visual analogue scale scores on awakening and for 6 hours post-surgery were significantly better in the study group than the control group (p < 0.05). The Parent's Postoperative Pain Measure scores of control group children were significantly higher within the first 3 post-operative days (p = 0.000), with a greater percentage of children experiencing significant pain and requiring more analgesia.Conclusion:The proposed multimodal, pre-emptive analgesia protocol for paediatric post-tonsillectomy pain results in less post-operative pain, both in hospital or at home.
Goddess encounters: Mughals, Monsters and the Goddess in Bengal
Authors: CHATTERJEE KUMKUM 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis paper makes a case for exploring the cultural facets of Mughal rule as well as for a stronger engagement with sources in vernacular languages for the writing of Mughal history. Bengal's regional tradition of goddess worship is used to explore the cultural dimensions of Mughal rule in that region as well as the idioms in which Bengali regional perceptions of Mughal rule were articulated. Mangalkavya narratives—a quintessentially Bengali literary genre—are studied to highlight shifting perceptions of the Mughals from the late sixteenth century to the eighteenth century. During the period of the Mughal conquest of Bengal, the imperial military machine was represented as a monster whom the goddess Chandi, symbolizing Bengal's regional culture, had to vanquish. By the eighteenth century, when their rule had become much more regularized, the Mughals were depicted as recognizing aspects of Bengal's regional culture by capitulating in the end to the goddess and becoming her devotees. This paper also studies the relationship of the Mughal regime with Bengal's popular cultural celebration—the annual Durga puja—and explores its implications for the public performance of religion and for community formation during the early modern period.
Latent structure of social fears and social anxiety disorders
Authors: Iza M. , Wall M. M. , Heimberg R. G. , Rodebaugh T. L. , Schneier F. R. , Liu S.-M. , Blanco C. 
Published: March 2013

BackgroundDespite its high prevalence and associated levels of impairment, the latent structure of social anxiety disorder (SAD) is not well understood, with published studies reporting inconsistent results. Furthermore, it is unknown whether the latent structure of social fears in individuals with and without SAD is the same.MethodExploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis followed by multiple indicators multiple causes (MIMIC) analysis were conducted on 13 commonly feared social situations assessed in a nationally representative sample including individuals with SAD and those with social fears but who did not meet DSM-IV criteria for SAD.ResultsAn EFA conducted in the full sample, including individuals with no social fears (88% of the sample), yielded only one factor. When the sample was restricted to those with at least one social fear, the EFA yielded three factors, in both the subsample with at least one social fear but no SAD and the subsample with SAD. The three factors represented feared situations related to public performance, close scrutiny and social interaction. The MIMIC analyses further indicated that the three-factor structure was able to explain differences in prevalence of social fears across a broad range of sociodemographic covariates.ConclusionsAmong individuals with at least one social fear and those with DSM-IV SAD the latent structure of social fears appears to be best described by three factors, although this may partially depend on how the sample is specified. These results may help reconcile the findings of different numbers of factors identified in previous studies.
Particulate matter strongly associated with human Q fever in The Netherlands: an ecological study
Authors: REEDIJK M. , VAN LEUKEN J. P. G. , VAN DER HOEK W. 
Published: March 2013

SUMMARYThere are still questions about the importance of different animal reservoirs and environmental factors that played a role in the large Q fever epidemic in The Netherlands. We therefore investigated the spatial association between reported Q fever cases and different livestock and environmental factors at the national level. A spatial regression analysis was performed, with four-digit postal code areas as the unit of analysis. High level of particulate matter (⩾24·5 μg/m3) with an aerodynamic diameter <10 μm (PM10) was by far the strongest risk factor for human Q fever with an odds ratio of 10·4 (95% confidence interval 7·0–15·6) using PM10<24·5 μg/m3as reference, in logistic regression analysis, controlling for differences in animal densities, vegetation and other risk factors. Particulate matter seems to play an important role in the transmission of Q fever from infected animals to humans and should be a focus for further studies on zoonotic infectious diseases and decision-making.
‘Je sais et tout mais . . .’might the general extenders in European French be changing?
Authors: SECOVA MARIA 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTThis paper addresses contemporary trends in the use of general extenders in two recent corpora of spontaneous French stratified by age. In these corpora, certain variants (e.g.et tout) are highly prevalent in the speech of young people compared to older speakers, while others are not. Other studies have shown that general extenders’ form as well as frequency tends to vary with respect to speakers’ age, while some extenders may also undergo grammaticalisation. The present study includes a comparison with a late 20th-century corpus of spoken French, and finds that not only age grading but also generational change might be occurring. This conclusion is supported by qualitative and quantitative analysis of the contemporary data, showing that the forms most frequent among young people appear to have acquired new pragmatic functions.
Protein disulfide-isomerase interacts with soluble guanylyl cyclase via a redox-based mechanism and modulates its activity
Authors: Heckler Erin J. , Crassous Pierre-Antoine , Baskaran Padmamalini , Beuve Annie 
Published: March 2013

NO binds to the receptor sGC (soluble guanylyl cyclase), stimulating cGMP production. The NO–sGC–cGMP pathway is a key component in the cardiovascular system. Discrepancies in sGC activation and deactivation in vitro compared with in vivo have led to a search for endogenous factors that regulate sGC or assist in cellular localization. In our previous work, which identified Hsp (heat-shock protein) 70 as a modulator of sGC, we determined that PDI (protein disulfide-isomerase) bound to an sGC-affinity matrix. In the present study, we establish and characterize this interaction. Incubation of purified PDI with semi-purified sGC, both reduced and oxidized, resulted in different migration patterns on non-reducing Western blots indicating a redox component to the interaction. In sGC-infected COS-7 cells, transfected FLAG-tagged PDI and PDI CXXS (redox active site ‘trap mutant’) pulled down sGC. This PDI–sGC complex was resolved by reductant, confirming a redox interaction. PDI inhibited NO-stimulated sGC activity in COS-7 lysates, however, a PDI redox-inactive mutant PDI SXXS did not. Together, these data unveil a novel mechanism of sGC redox modulation via thiol-disulfide exchange. Finally, in SMCs (smooth muscle cells), endogenous PDI and sGC co-localize by in situ proximity ligation assay, which suggests biological relevance. PDI-dependent redox regulation of sGC NO sensitivity may provide a secondary control over vascular homoeostasis.
Optically triggering spatiotemporally confined GPCR activity in a cell and programming neurite initiation and extension
Authors: Karunarathne W. K. Ajith , Giri Lopamudra , Kalyanaraman Vani , Gautam N. 
Published: March 2013

Significance
G-protein–coupled receptors control a variety of important cell behaviors. However, tools are not available to activate these receptors in selected areas of a cell and exert control over cell behavior. Here we recruit unique properties of nonrhodopsin opsins to activate all the major types of G-protein signaling in spatially confined regions of single cells. We show that this approach can be used to optically induce polarized cell behavior and refashion early neuron differentiation. This optical approach can be applied to control other cell behaviors such as immune cell migration and cardiomyocyte contraction.
Steroid-based facial amphiphiles for stabilization and crystallization of membrane proteins
Authors: Lee Sung Chang , Bennett Brad C. , Hong Wen-Xu , Fu Yu , Baker Kent A. , Marcoux Julien , Robinson Carol V. , Ward Andrew B. , Halpert James R. , Stevens Raymond C. , Stout Charles David , Yeager Mark J. , Zhang Qinghai 
Published: March 2013

Significance
Membrane proteins (MPs) perform a variety of essential cellular functions, account for about one-third of encoded proteins in genomes, and comprise more than one-half of human drug targets. High-resolution structures are essential to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms of MPs and facilitate structure-based drug design efforts. Detergents are indispensible in the solubilization of MPs, but they tend to destabilize MPs and often impede the growth of well-ordered protein crystals. We describe a class of structurally unique detergents, designated as facial amphiphiles, which improved MP stability and success in the crystallization of different families of MPs.
Pharmacokinetics and Tissue Distribution of Thiamphenicol and Florfenicol in Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei in Freshwater following Oral Administration
Authors: Fang Wenhong , Li Guolie , Zhou Shuai , Li Xincang , Hu Linlin , Zhou Junfang 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
This study evaluated the pharmacokinetic disposition of thiamphenicol (THA) and florfenicol (FLR) after oral administration of each at a single dose of 10 mg/kg body weight in Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei held in freshwater at 25.0 ± 1.0°C. The THA and FLR concentrations in the hemolymph, muscle, and hepatopancreas were determined by HPLC. The profiles of hemolymph THA and FLR concentrations versus time were best described by a two-compartment open pharmacokinetic model with first-order absorption. The peak concentration (Cmax), peak time (Tmax), absorption half-life (t1/2ka) and elimination half-life (t1/2β) of THA in hemolymph were 7.96 μg/mL, 2 h, 0.666 h, and 10.659 h, respectively. The corresponding values for FLR were 5.53 μg/mL, 2 h, 1.069 h, and 17.360 h, respectively. After oral administration, THA and FLR were rapidly absorbed in white shrimp and THA in hemolymph was absorbed and eliminated more quickly than FLR. The parameters in muscle and hepatopancreas were calculated by a noncompartment model based on statistical moment theory. The Cmax, area under the concentration–time curve (AUC0-t), mean residue time (MRT0-t), and half-life (t1/2z) in muscle were 2.98 μg/g, 29.10 mg/kg·h, 9.77 h, and 6.84 h, respectively. The corresponding values for FLR were 1.91 μg/g, 15.97 mg/kg·h, 19.40 h, and 18.32 h, respectively. In muscle THA was eliminated more quickly than FLR. The peak concentrations of THA and FLR in the hepatopancreas were 204.25 and 164.22 μg/g, respectively, and the values for AUC0-t were 1,337.74 and 871.73 mg/kg·h, respectively, which were much higher than those in hemolymph and muscle. The in vitro protein-binding value of THA (28.38%) was lower than that of FLR (37.91%), which might be related to the finding that THA in Pacific white shrimp was absorbed and eliminated more quickly than FLR.
Received July 21, 2012; accepted November 23, 2012
The Kakimizu complex of a connected sum of links
Authors: Banks Jessica 
Published: March 2013

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HExpoChem: a systems biology resource to explore human exposure to chemicals
Authors: Taboureau Olivier , Jacobsen Ulrik Plesner , Kalhauge Christian , Edsgärd Daniel , Rigina Olga , Gupta Ramneek , Audouze Karine 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Summary: Humans are exposed to diverse hazardous chemicals daily. Although an exposure to these chemicals is suspected to have adverse effects on human health, mechanistic insights into how they interact with the human body are still limited. Therefore, acquisition of curated data and development of computational biology approaches are needed to assess the health risks of chemical exposure. Here we present HExpoChem, a tool based on environmental chemicals and their bioactivities on human proteins with the objective of aiding the qualitative exploration of human exposure to chemicals. The chemical–protein interactions have been enriched with a quality-scored human protein–protein interaction network, a protein–protein association network and a chemical–chemical interaction network, thus allowing the study of environmental chemicals through formation of protein complexes and phenotypic outcomes enrichment.
Availability: HExpoChem is available at http://www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/HExpoChem-1.0/.
Contact: karine@cbs.dtu.dk
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
NTFD—a stand-alone application for the non-targeted detection of stable isotope-labeled compounds in GC/MS data
Authors: Hiller Karsten , Wegner André , Weindl Daniel , Cordes Thekla , Metallo Christian M. , Kelleher Joanne K. , Stephanopoulos Gregory 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Summary: Most current stable isotope-based methodologies are targeted and focus only on the well-described aspects of metabolic networks. Here, we present NTFD (non-targeted tracer fate detection), a software for the non-targeted analysis of all detectable compounds derived from a stable isotope-labeled tracer present in a GC/MS dataset. In contrast to traditional metabolic flux analysis approaches, NTFD does not depend on any a priori knowledge or library information. To obtain dynamic information on metabolic pathway activity, NTFD determines mass isotopomer distributions for all detected and labeled compounds. These data provide information on relative fluxes in a metabolic network. The graphical user interface allows users to import GC/MS data in netCDF format and export all information into a tab-separated format.
Availability: NTFD is C++- and Qt4-based, and it is freely available under an open-source license. Pre-compiled packages for the installation on Debian- and Redhat-based Linux distributions, as well as Windows operating systems, along with example data, are provided for download at http://ntfd.mit.edu/.
Contact: gregstep@mit.edu
JAWAMix5: an out-of-core HDF5-based java implementation of whole-genome association studies using mixed models
Authors: Long Quan , Zhang Qingrun , Vilhjalmsson Bjarni J. , Forai Petar , Seren Ümit , Nordborg Magnus 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Summary: We present JAWAMix5, an out-of-core open-source toolkit for association mapping using high-throughput sequence data. Taking advantage of its HDF5-based implementation, JAWAMix5 stores genotype data on disk and accesses them as though stored in main memory. Therefore, it offers a scalable and fast analysis without concerns about memory usage, whatever the size of the dataset. We have implemented eight functions for association studies, including standard methods (linear models, linear mixed models, rare variants test, analysis in nested association mapping design and local variance component analysis), as well as a novel Bayesian local variance component analysis. Application to real data demonstrates that JAWAMix5 is reasonably fast compared with traditional solutions that load the complete dataset into memory, and that the memory usage is efficient regardless of the dataset size.
Availability: The source code, a ‘batteries-included’ executable and user manual can be freely downloaded from http://code.google.com/p/jawamix5/.
Contact: quan.long@gmi.oeaw.ac.at
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Low photosynthesis of treeline white spruce is associated with limited soil nitrogen availability in the Western Brooks Range, Alaska
Authors: McNown Robert W. , Sullivan Patrick F. 
Published: March 2013

Summary

The prevailing hypothesis states that treeline positions are defined by the direct effects of cold temperatures on cell division and tree growth. Meanwhile, photosynthesis is thought to be relatively unrestricted in treeline trees. Support for this hypothesis comes from the global correlation between temperature and treeline position, the observation that many treelines have advanced in response to recent warming and the frequent use of increment cores from treeline trees to reconstruct past climates. However, studies of the physiology of trees at the Arctic treeline are rare, and this hypothesis remains largely untested.

To improve our understanding of the relationships between temperature and performance of white spruce near the Arctic treeline, we made measurements of needle gas exchange, needle nutrition and soil nutrient availability over 2 years in three contrasting habitats: riverside terrace, hillslope forest and treeline. The sites had similar above‐ground microclimates, but very different soil conditions. Soils were warm and dry on the terrace, cool and moist in the forest and cold and seasonally wet the treeline.

Photosynthesis, needle nitrogen (N) concentration and soil N availability declined from the terrace to the forest to the treeline. Low N availability at the treeline was likely a consequence of limited microbial activity in the cold and seasonally wet soils. Soils at the treeline were colder than the terrace during the growing season and colder than the forest in winter, when the treeline maintains a shallow snowpack.

Our results highlight the potential for an indirect effect of temperature on the growth of trees at the Arctic treeline and suggest that treeline responses to changes in climate may be more complex than previously thought.