bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence of convulsive epilepsy in a rural area in Kenya
Authors: Ngugi Anthony K. , Bottomley Christian , Scott J. Anthony G. , Mung'ala–Odera Victor , Bauni Evasius , Sander Josemir W. , Kleinschmidt Immo , Newton Charles R. 
Published: June 2013

SummaryPurposeThere are only a few studies of incidence of epilepsy in low and middle income countries (LMICs). These are often small and conducted in specific age groups or areas where the prevalence of risk factors is high; therefore, these studies are not representative of the wider populations. We determined the incidence of convulsive epilepsy (CE) in a large rural population in Kenya.MethodsWe conducted two cross‐sectional surveys 5 years apart within a health and demographic surveillance system. Initially we identified residents without epilepsy who were then reexamined in the follow‐up survey to determine incidence. We estimated the overall incidence of CE and incidence by age‐group, sex, and by administrative location. Estimates were adjusted for attrition during case identification and for the sensitivity of the screening method.Key FindingsIn a cohort of 151,408 people, 194 developed CE over the 5 years. The minimum crude incidence rate was 37.6/100,000 persons per year (95% confidence interval (CI) 32.7–43.3) and adjusted for loss to follow‐up, and the sensitivity of the survey methodology was 77.0/100,000 persons per year (95% CI 67.7–87.4). Incidence was highest in children 6–12 years (96.1/100,000 persons per year; 95% CI 78.4–117.9), and was lowest in the 29–49 year age group (37.4/100,000 persons per year; 95% CI 25.7–54.7).SignificanceWe estimated a high incidence of convulsive epilepsy in this population. Incidence was highest early and late in life, suggesting that preventive interventions should target exposures that occur in these age groups. Incidence of focal epilepsy was more than twice that of generalized epilepsy, suggesting that etiologies that are amenable to intervention were most important in this population. It is likely that incidence is underestimated because of the early mortality of incident cases.
Systemic perspective of violence and aggression in mental health care: Towards a more comprehensive understanding and conceptualization: Part 1
Authors: Cutcliffe John R. , Riahi Sanaz 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAggression and violence (A/V) in mental health care are all too frequent occurrences; they produce a wide range of deleterious impacts on the individual client, staff, organizations, and the broader community. A/V is a multifaceted and highly‐complex problem, and is associated empirically with a wide range of phenomena. However, most attempts to reduce A/V in mental health care have invariably focused on one or two aspects of the problem at the expense of a more comprehensive, systemic approach; these have produced inconclusive results. As a result, this two‐part paper seeks to: (i) recognize the wide range of phenomena that have been found to have an association with A/V in mental health care; (ii) synthesize these propositions according to fit or congruence into a systemic model of A/V; (iii) explore empirical evidence pertaining to these propositions; and (iv) begin to consider the application of this model to better inform our individual and/or organizational responses to A/V in mental health care. The paper advances a systemic model of these phenomena comprised of four thematic categories, with Part 1 of this paper focusing on the first two categories: environmental and intrapersonal (client‐related) phenomena.
Reservoir parameter classification of a Miocene formation using a fractal approach to well logging, porosimetry and nuclear magnetic resonance
Authors: Jarzyna Jadwiga A. , Bala Maria J. , Mortimer Zofia M. , Puskarczyk Edyta 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTA methodology for rock classification is presented that considers lithology and reservoir parameters on the basis of a combined fractal analysis of well logs and mercury porosimetry results with nuclear magnetic resonance outcomes. A sandy‐shaly thinly‐bedded Miocene gas bearing formation in the Carpathian Foredeep is investigated. Fractal correlation dimensions D2 calculated for standard logs are used to distinguish sandstone as the most homogeneous lithological group with the highest porosity. The fractal analysis also confirmed observations of gas accumulations in sandstone, shaly sandstone and sandy claystone as rocks of high porosity. The results of two laboratory methods are combined to improve reservoir properties assessment and evaluate movable media in pore space; this technique was based on the similarity of mercury porosimetry results plotted as cumulative intrusion volume versus pressure or pore diameter and also the curves of cumulative porosity and transverse relaxation time distributions using nuclear magnetic resonance. Close values of porosity from logs, recorded in situ and in laboratory measurements, provide the link between fractal analysis and porosimetry and nuclear magnetic resonance measurements.
Determinants of Endothelial Cell Phenotype in Venules
Authors: THURSTON GAVIN , BALUK PETER , MCDONALD DONALD M. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTInflammatory stimuli cause plasma leakage and leukocyte adhesion in venules but not in capillaries or arterioles. The specific response of venules is governed by phenotypic specialization of the venular endothelial cells. What regulates this specialized phenotype? Several recent developments have shed new light on this question and may challenge our thinking about regulation of the venular endothelial cell phenotype. In this review, we consider some of the molecular markers of venular endothelial cells, the hemodynamic and molecular factors that may regulate the phenotype of venular endothelial cells, and abnormalities in endothelial cell phenotype in disease‐related angiogenesis and microvascular remodeling. The expanding list of molecular markers may help clarify the physiologic and molecular factors that regulate the phenotype of venular endothelial cells in normal development and disease.
The Nurse's Role in Addressing Unmet Treatment and Management Needs of Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: Delphi‐Based Recommendations
Authors: Cottrell Jane E. D. , Jonas Monique , Bergsten Ulrika , Blaas Etienne , de la Torre Aboki Jenny , Howse Catriona , Korandova Jana , Löfman Päivi , Logtenberg Carin , Lupton Terri , Mallon Catherine , Oliver Susan , Pickles David , Bulinckx Leeanna 
Published: June 2013

PurposeEvaluate nurse's role in management of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsModified Delphi with two rounds of questionnaires, followed by in‐person meeting. International group of 12 nurses experienced with RA patients receiving biologic therapy.FindingsNurses often spend more time with patients than doctors do. Nurse is in unique position to explore patient needs; educate about treatment, administration, product storage, and self‐injection technique; determine readiness for and understanding of treatment; monitor safety and progress; and coordinate care within multidisciplinary setting.ConclusionsNurse's role is complex and vitally important to optimal RA patient care. Additional nurse involvement may address unmet needs.Implications for nursing practiceRheumatology nurses can address unmet patient needs by expanding current roles and by adopting additional functions.
Complex evolutionary history of the pallid dotted‐blue butterfly (Lycaenidae: Euphilotes pallescens) in the Great Basin of western North America
Authors: Wilson Joseph S. , Sneck Michelle , Murphy Dennis D. , Nice Chris C. , Fordyce James A. , Forister Matthew L. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to investigate patterns of genetic isolation associated with populations in discrete habitat patches in a North American cold desert through analysis of the pallid dotted‐blue butterfly, Euphilotes pallescens. This small butterfly is largely restricted to low‐elevation habitats across the Great Basin. The apparent geographical isolation and reported morphological variation among E. pallescens populations makes this species an ideal candidate with which to investigate patterns of genetic isolation and diversification in this arid region.LocationGreat Basin, western North America.MethodsWe used sequence data from nuclear and mitochondrial genes to investigate genetic diversity among E. pallescens populations, and among E. pallescens and a number of closely related Euphilotes species, using Bayesian phylogenetic analyses, as well as population genetic analyses. In conjunction with genetic variation, morphological variation was examined in the context of geographical and subspecific differentiation.ResultsOur genetic and morphological analyses suggest a moderate amount of isolation among populations, consistent with the hypothesis of restricted gene flow among isolated dune habitats, and possibly associated with isolation in distinct Pleistocene refugia. The patterns of diversification within E. pallescens and among closely related species are complicated by discordance among phylogenetic reconstructions based on nuclear and mitochondrial genes. Discordance among gene genealogies suggests a complex evolutionary history, perhaps involving alternating periods of reticulation and divergence in isolation.Main conclusionsAlthough E. pallescens may be a vagile species, we find that persistence on isolated dunes in the Great Basin is associated with appreciable genetic and morphological differentiation among populations. However, genetic, morphological and taxonomic axes of variation are only partially in agreement. More generally, the discordance we find among genetic regions is consistent with the ascendant paradigm in phylogenetic reconstruction: gene genealogies often do not perfectly match species trees. Thus we present Euphilotes as a model for future biogeographical and phylogenetic reconstructions employing larger data sets of independent sequence markers.
Analyses of the NAC Transcription Factor Gene Family in Gossypium raimondii Ulbr.: Chromosomal Location, Structure, Phylogeny, and Expression Patterns
Authors: Shang Haihong , Li Wei , Zou Changsong , Yuan Youlu 
Published: June 2013

AbstractNAC domain proteins are plant‐specific transcription factors known to play diverse roles in various plant developmental processes. In the present study, we performed the first comprehensive study of the NAC gene family in Gossypium raimondii Ulbr., incorporating phylogenetic, chromosomal location, gene structure, conserved motif, and expression profiling analyses. We identified 145 NAC transcription factor (NAC‐TF) genes that were phylogenetically clustered into 18 distinct subfamilies. Of these, 127 NAC‐TF genes were distributed across the 13 chromosomes, 80 (55%) were preferentially retained duplicates located in both duplicated regions and six were located in triplicated chromosomal regions. The majority of NAC‐TF genes showed temporal‐, spatial‐, and tissue‐specific expression patterns based on transcriptomic and qRT‐PCR analyses. However, the expression patterns of several duplicate genes were partially redundant, suggesting the occurrence of sub‐functionalization during their evolution. Based on their genomic organization, we concluded that genomic duplications contributed significantly to the expansion of the NAC‐TF gene family in G. raimondii. Comprehensive analysis of their expression profiles could provide novel insights into the functional divergence among members of the NAC gene family in G. raimondii.
Brainstem Raphe Alterations Depicted by Transcranial Sonography Do Not Result in Serotonergic Functional Impairment
Authors: Krogias Christos , Fischer Gerrit , Meves Saskia H. , Gold Ralf , Juckel Georg , Norra Christine 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTIn transcranial sonography (TCS), hypoechogenic signal of mesencephalic raphe structures has been described as a frequent finding in unipolar depression. It remains unclear if raphe hypoechogenicity represents a correlate for an altered serotonergic system. The loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials (LDAEP) has been proposed as an indirect indicator of central serotonergic activity. Aim of this study was to evaluate TCS and LDAEP as independent variables of the human cerebral serotonergic system. Sonographic and electrophysiological investigations as well as psychometric assessment were performed blindly in 44 healthy subjects (28.7 ± 7.0 years; 24 females). Hypoechogenic raphe was detected in 6 subjects (13.6%). Three probands (6.8%) exhibit hyperechogenicity of Substantia nigra. LDAEP values ranged between −2.80 and 8.40 mVeff/10dB (2.31 ± 2.44). No correlations between LDAEP and sonographic findings were found. There were no significant correlations with the psychometric assessments. At least in healthy subjects, our findings do not support the hypothesis that abnormal structural finding of hypoechogenic BR in TCS is accompanied by a functional impairment of serotonergic system as assessed by LDAEP. Further multimodal studies on patients with depressive disorders are needed to elucidate the impact of the hypoechogenic raphe signal in the pathophysiology of depression.
FasL expression in articular discs of human temporomandibular joint and association with osteoarthrosis
Authors: de Alcântara Camejo Flavio , Almeida Luis Eduardo , Doetzer Andrea Duarte , Caporal Karina São Thiago , Ambros Viviane , Azevedo Marina , Alanis Luciana Reis Azevedo , Olandoski Marcia , Noronha Lucia , Trevilatto Paula Cristina 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundApoptosis is a programme of cell death which does not induce an inflammatory response. Recent previous research has suggested a correlation between temporomandibular internal derangement and apoptosis. Fas ligand (FasL) is an apoptosis‐inducing factor, known to trigger apoptosis through distinct signal pathways. This study aims to examine, by immunohistochemistry, the expression of FasL in temporomandibular joint (TMJ) articular discs of patients with anterior disc displacement with reduction (ADDwR) and without reduction (ADDwoR) in patients with and without osteoarthrosis (OA).MethodsForty‐two (n = 42) TMJ articular discs were divided into two cut‐offs: (i) 8 control, 17 ADDwR, 17 ADDwoR, and (ii) without OA (n = 25) and with OA (n = 17). The area of immunostaining was compared statistically between groups (P < 0.05).ResultsStatistically significant differences were found in the expression of FasL in TMJ discs between the three groups (P = 0.001). ADDwR presented significant higher FasL expression when compared with ADDwoR (P < 0.001). Significant higher FasL expression was observed in the group without OA (P = 0.001). All patients without OA presented ADDwR, while all the patients with OA presented ADDwoR.ConclusionA higher area of in situ immunostaining of FasL was found in temporomandibular discs with reduction, which is the less severe condition. Moreover, a reduced expression of FasL in the discs of patients with osteoarthrosis was found, suggesting that some aspects of apoptosis might underlie the progression of TMJ disorders.
Influence of fluorescence on screening decisions for oral mucosal lesions in community dental practices
Authors: Laronde Denise M. , Williams P. M. , Hislop T. G. , Poh Catherine , Ng Samson , Bajdik Chris , Zhang Lewei , MacAulay Calum , Rosin Miriam P. 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundQuality of oral screening examinations is dependent upon the experience of the clinician and can vary widely. Deciding when a patient needs to be referred is a critical and difficult decision for general practice clinicians. A device to aid in this decision would be beneficial.The objective of this study was to to examine the utility of direct fluorescence visualization (FV) by dental practitioners as an aid in decision‐making during screening for cancer and other oral lesions.MethodsDentists were trained to use a stepwise protocol for evaluation of the oral mucosa: medical history, head, neck and oral exam, and fluorescent visualization exam. They were asked to use clinical features to categorize lesions as low (LR), intermediate (IR), or high (HR) risk and then to determine FV status of these lesions. Clinicians made the decision of which lesions to reassess in 3 weeks and based on this reassessment, to refer forward.ResultsOf 2404 patients screened over 11 months, 357 initially had lesions with 325 (15%) identified as LR, 16 (4.5%) IR, and 16 (4.5%) HR. Lesions assessed initially as IR and HR had a 2.7‐fold increased risk of FV loss persisting to the reassessment appointment versus the LR lesions. The most predictive model for lesion persistence included both FV status and lesion risk assessment.ConclusionA protocol for screening (assess risk, reassess, and refer) is recommended for the screening of abnormal intraoral lesions. Integrating FV into a process of assessing and reassessing lesions significantly improved this model.
Attachment‐Related Individual Differences in the Consistency of Relationship Behavior Interpretation
Authors: Marks Michael J. , Trafimow David , Rice Stephen C. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe consistency with which people interpret relationship‐based information has important implications for attachment theory and research. Our objective is to determine whether there are attachment‐related individual differences in the manner and the consistency with which individuals interpret hypothetical relationship behaviors. In two studies (N = 629, 79% female, 63% American, Mage = 29; N = 820, 78% female, 65% American, Mage = 29), we assessed participants' ability and consistency in relationship behavior interpretation across two blocks and estimated how they would have performed had they interpreted information perfectly consistently. Secure participants were generally more consistent in their interpretations relative to insecure participants. Estimates of perfectly consistent interpretation revealed that improvements to both systematic factors related to behavior interpretation (e.g., working models) and consistency would have led to a more secure interpretation style for participants of all attachment styles. Results imply that both secure and insecure individuals process relationship‐based information according to secure scripts, but insecure individuals do so inconsistently. Our results imply that, due to the inconsistent behavioral responses that may occur as a result of inconsistent information processing, the consistency with which people process relationship‐related information will be related to relationship satisfaction. Further directions for future research are discussed.
Fitness limitations in non‐disabled extremely low birthweight adolescents
Authors: Danks Marcella , Burns Yvonne R , Gibbons Kristen , Gray Peter H , O'Callaghan Michael J , Poulsen Leith , Watter Pauline 
Published: June 2013

AimThis study aims to compare non‐disabled otherwise healthy extremely low birthweight (ELBW) (<1000 g) children and term‐born peers in an investigation of relationship between cardiorespiratory endurance and parent report of competence.MethodsForty‐eight of 105 eligible ELBW 11‐ to 13‐year‐old children (27 male) and 55 term‐born school peers (28 male) completed a 20‐m shuttle run, anthropometric measures, respiratory function tests and the Motor Assessment Battery for Children. Parents completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL).ResultsThe ELBW group had poorer cardiorespiratory endurance (P = 0.002), growth (P = 0.002), respiratory function (P = 0.003) and motor ability (P < 0.001) than term‐born peers. Parents reported the ELBW children to be less competent than term‐born peers: CBCL total T score mean difference −9, 95% confidence interval −14, −5 (P < 0.001). Cardiorespiratory endurance predicted competence (regression coefficient 0.865; 95% confidence interval 0.352, 1.378; P = 0.001) independent of prematurity, growth, respiratory function, motor score, gender and socio‐economic status. Cardiorespiratory endurance had association with social competence for all participating children, but was related to CBCL Activities Competence only for the ELBW children who were the significantly less fit group.ConclusionsThe poor cardiorespiratory endurance prevalent in non‐disabled otherwise healthy ELBW children is associated with general competence independent of prematurity and of the impact of other mild physical deficits, gender or socio‐economic status. The relationship demonstrated between cardiorespiratory endurance and competence to engage in general activities of daily living, seen only in the less fit ELBW children, identifies the fitness levels in non‐disabled ELBW children as a barrier to participation.
Effects of morning report case presentation on length of stay and hospitalisation costs
Authors: Boushehri Elham , Khamseh Mohammad E , Farshchi Amir , Aghili Rokhsareh , Malek Mojtaba , Ebrahim Valojerdi Ameneh 
Published: June 2013

ContextThe primary goal of discussing patient cases during the morning report is to teach appropriate clinical decision making. In addition, the selection of the best diagnostic strategy and application of evidence‐based patient care are important. Reducing hospital costs is fundamental to controlling inflation in health care costs, especially in university hospitals that are subject to budget constraints in developing countries. The goal of this study was to explore the effect of morning report case presentation on length of stay (LoS) and hospitalisation costs in a university teaching hospital.MethodsA total of 54 patients whose cases had been presented at morning report sessions in the department of internal medicine during a 3‐month period (presented group) were selected and their medical records reviewed for data on final diagnosis, hospital LoS and detailed hospital costs. A control group of 104 patients, whose cases had not been presented, were selected on the basis that their final diagnoses matched with those of the presented group. In addition, the groups were matched for age, sex, occupation, comorbidities and insurance coverage. Final diagnoses were based on International Classification of Disease 10 (ICD‐10) diagnostic code criteria.ResultsThe mean ± standard deviation (SD) hospital LoS was 8.32 ± 4.11 days in the presented group and 10.46 ± 4.92 days in the control group (p = 0.045). Mean ± SD hospitalisation costs per patient were significantly lower in the presented group (US$553.43 ± 92.16) than the control group (US$1621.93 ± 353.14) (p = 0.004). Although costs for paraclinical services were similar, there were very significant reductions in costs for medications used during hospitalisation and bed‐days (p = 0.002).ConclusionsDiscussing clinical aspects of patient cases in morning report sessions facilitates the management process and has a significant effect on LoS and hospitalisation costs in patients admitted to hospital.