bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychometric properties and Factor structure of the BRCS in an elderly Spanish sample
Authors: Moret-Tatay Carmen , Fernández-Muñoz Juan J. , Civera-Mollá Cristina , Navarro-Pardo Esperanza , Alcover-de-la-Hera Carlos 
Published: October 2015

Successful resilience is a variable often related toan optimal aging process. However, literature is rather limited when dealingwith assessment instruments for the elderly in the Spanish language. Theobjective of this work is to validate the Brief Resilient Coping Scale(Sinclair &amp; Wallston, 2004), a four item likert scale, in the Spanishelderly. For this propose, the scale wasadministrated to a sample of 991 elderly Spanish participants, and the data setanalysed in terms of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, internalconsistency and criterion validity. The scale demonstrated good psychometricproperties. Furthermore, the homogeneityindices were higher than the recently literature, reinforcing the dimensionalstructure of the scale. These resultshave shown higher reliability from previous Spanish versions. Therefore, theBrief Resilient Coping Scale is a valuable assessment instrument that could bevery useful in the assessing of resilience in the Spanish-speaking elderly.
Social support during childhood cancer treatment enhances quality of life at survival [El apoyo social durante el cáncer infantil favorece la calidad de vida en periodo de supervivencia]
Authors: Castellano-Tejedor Carmina , Pérez-Campdepadrós Marta , Capdevila Lluis , Sábado-Álvarez Constantino , Blasco Blasco Tomás 
Published: October 2015

<p><em>Background:<strong> </strong></em>Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in cancer has been related to several protective and risk factors such as perceived social support (PSS) and coping. However, their effects on HRQoL once patients are in survivorship have not been fully described in pediatric samples.</p><p><em>Objective:</em> To describe and explore the relationship between HRQoL in survivorship and some factors (PSS, coping) present while active treatment.<strong></strong></p><p><em>Methods:</em> Cross-sectional study. Forty-one pediatric cancer survivors answered HRQoL measures referred to survivorship, as well as PSS and coping measures referred to treatment period.</p><p><em>Results:<strong> </strong></em>The discriminant function obtained succeeds to correctly classify 78% of the sample. Survivors who showed high HRQoL were those who, in the hardest moment while hospitalization, perceived satisfactory <em>emotional support</em> (from <em>nurses</em>) and did not deploy a wide range of active coping resources to cope with stressful events (only <em>social action</em> coping strategy showed a significant relationship with HRQoL).</p><p><em>Conclusions and implications:</em> Considering these outcomes, educational and counseling interventions to strengthen patients’ social networks and supportive relationships are recommended, specially, among health providers (nurses).<strong> </strong>These results highlight the importance of not overlooking opportunities to address the emotional needs of patients while hospitalization, since a positive and endurable effect has been observed at survivorship.</p><p> </p>
Social Media Representation of Chronic Cerebrospinal Venous Insufficiency Intervention for Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Ghahari Setareh , Forwell Susan J. 
Published: October 2015

Background: We conducted a rigorous review of videos related to multiple sclerosis (MS) and chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) treatment posted by people with MS on one social media website (YouTube) that describe symptoms before and after the surgical procedure, as well as videos presented by health-care professionals (HCPs).
Methods: All relevant videos posted from December 2009 to July 2011 were downloaded, viewed, and systematically organized. Categorical data were classified, and dominant messages were gleaned.
Results: A total of 1789 videos were extracted. A total of 621 videos by people with MS and 238 by HCPs were included. Eighty-six percent of people with MS anecdotally reported experiencing some improvement in at least one symptom. The most common message was that “CCSVI is not a miracle but worth trying.” Most HCPs posting videos recommended the procedure but called for continued research.
Conclusions: Social media are conveying an anecdotal favorable message about CCSVI treatment for MS. The relative absence of videos offering a negative or more balanced perspective is a concern. Social persuasion through these videos creates a strong positive impression of CCSVI treatment, but the videos do not acknowledge the lack of supporting scientific evidence and the possible role of the placebo effect. Given the strong influence of social media on health-care decision making, researchers and clinicians should actively use social media to reach out to people with MS and describe the state of the evidence for MS treatments, both positive and negative.
Associations Between Fatigue and Disability, Functional Mobility, Depression, and Quality of Life in People with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Garg Hina , Bush Steffani , Gappmaier Eduard 
Published: October 2015

Background: Fatigue is a common symptom in people with multiple sclerosis (MS), but its associations with disability, functional mobility, depression, and quality of life (QOL) remain unclear. We aimed to determine the associations between different levels of fatigue and disability, functional mobility, depression, and physical and mental QOL in people with MS.
Methods: Eighty-nine individuals with MS (mean [SD] disease duration = 13.6 [9.8] years, mean [SD] Expanded Disability Status Scale [EDSS] score = 5.3 [1.5]) and no concurrent relapses were retrospectively analyzed. Participants were divided into two groups based on five-item Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS-5) scores: group LF (n = 32, MFIS-5 score ≤10 [low levels of fatigue]) and group HF (n = 57, MFIS-5 score &gt;10 [high levels of fatigue]).
Results: Sixty-four percent of the sample reported high levels of fatigue. Compared with group LF, group HF demonstrated significantly (P &lt; .05) greater impairments in the Timed Up and Go test, Activities-specific Balance Confidence scale, and 12-item Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale scores; depression; and QOL but not in the EDSS scores, which were not significantly different between groups.
Conclusions: Fatigue was found to be a predominant symptom in the study participants. Individuals reporting higher levels of fatigue concomitantly exhibited greater impairments in functional mobility, depression, and physical and mental QOL. Disability was not found to be related to level of fatigue. These findings can be important for appropriate assessment and management of individuals with MS with fatigue.
Tim‐3 blocking rescue macrophage and T cell function against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in HIV+ patients
Authors: Sada‐Ovalle Isabel , Ocaña‐Guzman Ranferi , Pérez‐Patrigeón Santiago , Chávez‐Galán Leslie , Sierra‐Madero Juan , Torre‐Bouscoulet Luis , Addo Marylyn M. 
Published: October 2015

IntroductionT cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain (Tim) 3 and programmed death 1 (PD‐1) are co‐inhibitory receptors involved in the so‐called T cell exhaustion, and in vivo blockade of these molecules restores T cell dysfunction. High expression of Tim‐3 and PD‐1 is induced after chronic antigen‐specific stimulation of T cells during HIV infection. We have previously demonstrated that the interaction of Tim‐3 with its ligand galectin‐9 induces macrophage activation and killing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Our aim in this study was to analyze the Tim‐3 expression profile before and after six months of antiretroviral therapy and the impact of Tim‐3 and PD‐1 blocking on immunity against M. tuberculosis.Materials and methodsHIV+ patients naïve to anti‐retroviral therapy (ART) were followed up for six months. Peripheral immune‐cell phenotype (CD38/HLA‐DR/galectin‐9/Tim‐3 and PD‐1) was assessed by flow cytometry. Supernatants were analyzed with a multiplex cytokine detection system (human Th1/Th2 cytokine Cytometric Bead Array) by flow cytometry. Control of bacterial growth was evaluated by using an in vitro experimental model in which virulent M. tuberculosis‐infected macrophages were cultured with T cells in the presence or absence of Tim‐3 and PD‐1 blocking antibodies. Interleukin‐1 beta treatment of infected macrophages was evaluated by enumerating colony‐forming units.ResultsWe showed that HIV+ patients had an increased expression of Tim‐3 in T cells and were able to control bacterial growth before ART administration. By blocking Tim‐3 and PD‐1, macrophages and T cells recovered their functionality and had a higher ability to control bacterial growth; this result was partially dependent on the restitution of cytokine production.ConclusionsIn this study, we demonstrated that increased Tim‐3 expression can limit the ability of the immune system to control the infection of intracellular bacteria such as M. tuberculosis. The use of ART and the in vitro manipulation of the Tim‐3 and PD‐1 molecules restored the functionality of T cells and macrophages to restrict bacterial growth. Our results provide a novel immune strategy that may be implemented in the near future in order to improve the immune responses in HIV+ patients.
San Andreas Fault dip, Peninsular Ranges mafic lower crust and partial melt in the Salton Trough, Southern California, from ambient‐noise tomography
Authors: Barak Shahar , Klemperer Simon L. , Lawrence Jesse F. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe use ambient‐noise tomography to improve CVM‐H11.9, a community velocity model of southern California. Our new 3‐D shear‐velocity model with
x
lateral and 1 km vertical blocks reveals new structure beneath the San Andreas Fault (SAF), Peninsular Ranges batholith (PRB), southern Sierra Nevada batholith (SNB), and the Salton Trough (ST). We use 4 years of data recorded on 849 broadband stations, vastly more than previous studies and including our own broadband Salton Seismic Imaging Project, a 40 station transect across the ST, as well as other campaign stations in both Mexico and the United States. Mean lower crust and upper mantle wave speeds (3.6 km/s at 20 km, 4.2 km/s at 40 km) are low by global standards. Across the SAF, southeast of San Gorgonio Pass, we observe vertical to steeply dipping lateral velocity contrasts that extend beneath the Moho. Beneath the western PRB and westernmost southern SNB, we observe relatively high shear velocities (
3.8 km/s) in the lower crust that we interpret as the mafic roots of the overlying arc. Relatively high‐velocity upper mantle (up to ∼4.5 km/s) may be part of the intact arc, or possibly a remnant of the Farallon plate. Beneath the ST, we observe zones of low shear‐velocity in the lower crust and upper mantle which permit up to ∼4.5% melt in the lower crust and up to ∼6% melt in the upper mantle, depending on the assumed composition and pore geometry. Our results preclude the existence of older continental crust beneath the ST and support the creation of new crust beneath the ST.
Using Lagrangian‐based process studies to test satellite algorithms of vertical carbon flux in the eastern North Pacific Ocean
Authors: Stukel M. R. , Kahru M. , Benitez‐Nelson C. R. , Décima M. , Goericke R. , Landry M. R. , Ohman M. D. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe biological carbon pump is responsible for the transport of ∼5–20 Pg C yr−1 from the surface into the deep ocean but its variability is poorly understood due to an incomplete mechanistic understanding of the complex underlying planktonic processes. In fact, algorithms designed to estimate carbon export from satellite products incorporate fundamentally different assumptions about the relationships between plankton biomass, productivity, and export efficiency. To test the alternate formulations of export efficiency in remote‐sensing algorithms formulated by Dunne et al. (2005), Laws et al. (2011), Henson et al. (2011), and Siegel et al. (2014), we have compiled in situ measurements (temperature, chlorophyll, primary production, phytoplankton biomass and size structure, grazing rates, net chlorophyll change, and carbon export) made during Lagrangian process studies on seven cruises in the California Current Ecosystem and Costa Rica Dome. A food‐web based approach formulated by Siegel et al. (2014) performs as well or better than other empirical formulations, while simultaneously providing reasonable estimates of protozoan and mesozooplankton grazing rates. By tuning the Siegel et al. (2014) algorithm to match in situ grazing rates more accurately, we also obtain better in situ carbon export measurements. Adequate representations of food‐web relationships and grazing dynamics are therefore crucial to improving the accuracy of export predictions made from satellite–derived products. Nevertheless, considerable unexplained variance in export remains and must be explored before we can reliably use remote sensing products to assess the impact of climate change on biologically mediated carbon sequestration.
Microwave hyperspectral measurements for temperature and humidity atmospheric profiling from satellite: The clear‐sky case
Authors: Aires Filipe , Prigent Catherine , Orlandi Emiliano , Milz Mathias , Eriksson Patrick , Crewell Susanne , Lin Chung‐Chi , Kangas Ville 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis study investigates the benefits of a satellite HYperspectral Microwave Sensor (HYMS) for the retrieval of atmospheric temperature and humidity profiles, in the context of numerical weather prediction (NWP). In the infrared, hyperspectral instruments have already improved the accuracy of NWP forecasts. Microwave instruments so far only provide observations for a limited number of carefully selected channels. An information content analysis is conducted here to assess the impact of hyperspectral microwave measurements on the retrieval of temperature and water vapor profiles under clear‐sky conditions. It uses radiative transfer simulations over a large variety of atmospheric situations. It accounts for realistic observation (instrument and radiative transfer) noise and for a priori information assumptions compatible with NWP practices. The estimated retrieval performance of the HYMS instrument is compared to those of the microwave instruments to be deployed on board the future generation of European operational meteorological satellites (MetOp‐SG). The results confirm the positive impact of a HYMS instrument on the atmospheric profiling capabilities compared to MetOp‐SG. Temperature retrieval uncertainty, compared to a priori information, is reduced by 2 to 10%, depending on the atmospheric height, and improvement rates are much higher than what will be obtained with MetOp‐SG. For humidity sounding these improvements can reach 30%, a significant benefit as compared to MetOp‐SG results especially below 250 hPa. The results are not very sensitive to the instrument noise, under our assumptions. The main impact provided by the hyperspectral information originates from the higher resolution in the O2 band around 60 GHz. The results are presented over ocean at nadir, but similar conclusions are obtained for other incidence angles and over land.
Precipitation and evapotranspiration controls on daily runoff variability in the contiguous United States and Puerto Rico
Authors: Rossi Matthew W. , Whipple Kelin X. , Vivoni Enrique R. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractDaily runoff variability is an important driver of fluvial erosion but is difficult to incorporate into landscape evolution models due to limited observations and incomplete understanding of hydroclimatic controls on runoff distributions. Prior work in the contiguous U.S. showed how limitations can be overcome when mean runoff is correlated with the shape of the right tail of runoff distributions. However, which probability distribution functions best capture geomorphically important events and whether patterns in the contiguous U.S. transfer to other settings remain important open questions. Our analysis of large hydroclimatic data sets from the contiguous U.S. and Puerto Rico reveals that stretched exponential distributions provide a common probabilistic framework to evaluate daily rainfall and runoff variability. In both settings, daily runoff variability is correlated with the evapotranspiration ratio, aridity index, and the ratio of wet to dry days. Surprisingly, mean storm depth (estimated from average daily precipitation during wet days only) and storm depth variability are uncorrelated with daily runoff variability in either data set. These findings suggest that first‐order controls on runoff variability are processes that reduce runoff during intermediate frequency flows rather than processes that enhance the magnitude of rare floods. However, by normalizing local runoff variability by storm depth variability, some correlations collapse onto a single trend for the contiguous U.S. and Puerto Rico, suggesting a secondary role for rainfall variability on runoff variability. Taken together, this analysis provides a rationale for how hydroclimatic controls on runoff variability can be better incorporated into landscape evolution models from readily available data.
Nitrogen saturation, soil acidification, and ecological effects in a subtropical pine forest on acid soil in southwest China
Authors: Huang Yongmei , Kang Ronghua , Mulder Jan , Zhang Ting , Duan Lei 
Published: October 2015

AbstractElevated anthropogenic nitrogen (N) deposition has caused nitrate (NO3−) leaching, an indication of N saturation, in several temperate and boreal forests across the Northern Hemisphere. So far, the occurrence of N saturation in subtropical forests and its effects on the chemistry of the typically highly weathered soils, forest growth, and biodiversity have received little attention. Here we investigated N saturation and the effects of chronically high N inputs on soil and vegetation in a typical, subtropical Masson pine (Pinus massoniana) forest at Tieshanping, southwest China. Seven years of N flux data obtained in ambient conditions and in response to field manipulation, including a doubling of N input either as ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) or as sodium nitrate (NaNO3) solution, resulted in a unique set of N balance data. Our data showed extreme N saturation with near‐quantitative leaching of NO3−, by far the dominant form of dissolved inorganic N in soil water. Even after 7 years, NH4+, added as NH4NO3, was nearly fully converted to NO3−, thus giving rise to a major acid input into the soil. Despite the large acid input, the decrease in soil pH was insignificant, due to pH buffering caused by Al3+ mobilization and enhanced SO42− adsorption. In response to the NH4NO3‐induced increase in soil acidification and N availability, ground vegetation showed significant reduction of abundance and diversity, while Masson pine growth further declined. By contrast, addition of NaNO3 did not cause soil acidification. The comparison of NH4NO3 treatment and NaNO3 treatment indicated that pine growth decline was mainly attributed to acidification‐induced nutrient imbalance, while the loss in abundance of major ground species was the combining effect of N saturation and acidification. Therefore, N emission control is of primary importance to curb further acidification and eutrophication of forest soils in much of subtropical south China.
Relationship of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with algae‐derived organic matter in sediment cores from a subtropical region
Authors: Duan Dandan , Huang Youda , Cheng Hefa , Ran Yong 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe influence of algae‐derived organic matter (AOM) and climate warming on the historical record of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the subtropical reservoir sediments was investigated. The profiles of PAH concentrations and AOM contents at the eutrophic and meso‐eutrophic reservoirs are significantly elevated and show good correlations with increasing mean air temperature during the past 60 years, suggesting that increasing temperature plays a significant role in increase of algal productivity and PAH deposition. Temperature‐mediated AOM is suggested to enhance the deposition and accumulation of pyrogenic PAHs in the sediment cores, also implying an inaccurate estimation on the historical record for atmospheric deposition of PAHs in eutrophic and meso‐eutrophic reservoirs. For an oligotrophic reservoir, PAHs decrease as the sediment depth decreases and are less significantly related to AOM. As the oligotrophic reservoir is phosphorus limited and its AOM is significantly oxidized, the effect of increasing temperature on AOM and PAHs is insignificant.
An improved hindcast approach for evaluation and diagnosis of physical processes in global climate models
Authors: Ma H.‐Y. , Chuang C. C. , Klein S. A. , Lo M.‐H. , Zhang Y. , Xie S. , Zheng X. , Ma P.‐L. , Zhang Y. , Phillips T. J. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe present an improved procedure of generating initial conditions (ICs) for climate model hindcast experiments with specified sea surface temperature and sea ice. The motivation is to minimize errors in the ICs and lead to a better evaluation of atmospheric parameterizations' performance in the hindcast mode. We apply state variables (horizontal velocities, temperature, and specific humidity) from the operational analysis/reanalysis for the atmospheric initial states. Without a data assimilation system, we apply a two‐step process to obtain other necessary variables to initialize both the atmospheric (e.g., aerosols and clouds) and land models (e.g., soil moisture). First, we nudge only the model horizontal velocities toward operational analysis/reanalysis values, given a 6 h relaxation time scale, to obtain all necessary variables. Compared to the original strategy in which horizontal velocities, temperature, and specific humidity are nudged, the revised approach produces a better representation of initial aerosols and cloud fields which are more consistent and closer to observations and model's preferred climatology. Second, we obtain land ICs from an off‐line land model simulation forced with observed precipitation, winds, and surface fluxes. This approach produces more realistic soil moisture in the land ICs. With this refined procedure, the simulated precipitation, clouds, radiation, and surface air temperature over land are improved in the Day 2 mean hindcasts. Following this procedure, we propose a “Core” integration suite which provides an easily repeatable test allowing model developers to rapidly assess the impacts of various parameterization changes on the fidelity of modeled cloud‐associated processes relative to observations.