bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of the Mandibular Compromised Ridge: A Literature Review and Case Report
Authors: Yadav Harish , Dabas Nupur , Dabas Ashish 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACT
Restoration of the mandibular compromised ridge requires various treatment modalities. The simplest approach often is to extend the denture base adequately for proper use of all available supporting tissues. To achieve this goal a good impression of the mandibular resorbed ridge is very important. The impression should be able to record the tissue in a static as well as in functional form.
The aim of this article is to review various impression procedures for resorbed mandibular ridges and to describe functional impression technique in a patient with resorbed mandibular ridge. The ultimate goal, regardless of the treatment modality chosen, is to restore the patient to a level of satisfactory masticatory function.

How to cite this article
Dabas N, Dabas A, Yadav H. Management of the Mandibular Compromised Ridge: A Literature Review and Case Report. World J Dent 2013;4(1):67-71.
Universal Wire Grid for Implant Placement in Three Dimensions
Authors: Sharma Narendra S , Hazarey Pushpa V , Kamble RH , Sharma Preethi N 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACT
Implant used for skeletal anchorage offers clinical advantage of being smaller in size, ease of insertion and removal, the ability to load forces immediately and rapid healing. The risk of injury to dental roots during placement is one of the greatest concerns with implant especially when they are inserted between teeth.
Placement of implant to close to the root can also result in insufficient bone remodeling around the screw and transmission of occlusal forces through the teeth to the screw which can lead to implant failure. Therefore it is important to select insertion site carefully using clinical and radiographic evaluation. Many techniques have been used to facilitate safe placement of implant. Some or the others may be inconsistent in different radiographic view.
This article introduces a three-dimensional (3D) wire grid which is simple, reliable and accurate for placing implant in a single step which improves the insertion success rate.

How to cite this article
Sharma NS, Shrivastav SS, Hazarey PV, Kamble RH, Sharma PN. Universal Wire Grid for Implant Placement in Three Dimensions. World J Dent 2013;4(1): 74-76.
Effect of housing and husbandry practices on adrenocortical activity in captive Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis)
Authors: Fanson KV , Wielebnowski NC 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn recent years, there has been an increasing focus on the study and assessment of animal welfare in captive settings, such as zoological gardens and aquaria. Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis) are a relatively common species in zoos, yet are known to exhibit frequent reproductive problems in captive environments. We provide an exploratory analysis of housing and husbandry factors that are associated with patterns of adrenocortical activity in lynx. Adrenocortical activity was assessed using the non-invasive technique of monitoring faecal glucocorticoid metabolites (FGM). First, we calculated baseline FGM values for each individual and controlled for sex, age class, and reproductive status. The residual values were used to determine how levels of adrenocortical activity correlated with institutional husbandry practices. Second, we compared the occurrence of FGM peaks to events and disturbances recorded by keepers. Our results highlighted that adrenocortical activity is strongly correlated with: (i) the size of the enclosure; (ii) the number of hiding locations available; and (iii) the social environment. Based on our findings, we recommend that lynx should generally be housed alone (unless with dependant offspring or temporarily paired up for mating purposes), in larger enclosures and with the provision of several species-appropriate hiding locations.
To inspect, to motivate — or to do both? A dilemma for on-farm inspection of animal welfare
Authors: Anneberg I , Vaarst M , SandØe P 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe ultimate aim of this paper is to study and discuss a central dilemma within inspection of animal welfare. On the one hand, it may be argued that controllers should check only whether farmers comply or not with animal welfare regulation. Here, the key value is the rule of law, and that all offenders should be treated equally. On the other hand, it may be argued that an important component of inspections is to enter into dialogue with farmers. This may be based on a more forward-looking view aimed at motivating farmers to look after the welfare of the animals in their care. In European countries, authorities try to enforce animal welfare legislation through inspections followed up by penalties in instances where a lack of compliance is found. However, the fairness and efficiency, and ultimately the public acceptance of the system, critically depend on the performance of the individual inspector. This paper presents the results of an interview-study into how Danish animal welfare inspectors view their own role and tasks. In the main results, a theme of disagreement presented itself and revealed different attitudes in terms of the possibility of engaging in a dialogue with the farmers. The first theme focused on the preventive aspect. The second had its focus on compliance and on the avoidance of engaging in dialogue with the farmer regarding the reasons for the regulations. Moreover, a theme of agreement showed interpretation as unavoidable. We discuss how the points of view or strategies of the inspectors may affect the outcome of animal welfare inspections, both on a short- and long-term basis. We argue that this study can initiate a necessary and more open discussion of the aforementioned dilemma.
Dermatitis prompted by a collar employed in radio-telemetry monitoring
Authors: Ferreira GA , Pinto ML , Nakano-Oliveira E , Genaro G 
Published: April 2013

AbstractTechnological advances, such as radio-telemetry, have been increasingly employed for animal monitoring because they can furnish important information regarding the ecology and behaviour of various species. However, during a study on semi-domiciled domestic cats (Felis silvestris catus)conducted in an environmental protection area in Ilha Comprida, state of São Paulo, Brazil, we identified a case of dermatitis that was caused by a radio-collar, which was first noticed by the pet owner. This provided the opportunity for close observation not normally possible when these are used to track animals in the wild. It is our aim to bring the possibility that skin inflammation may develop when using radio-collars in radio-telemetry monitoring to the attention of other researchers. This finding highlights the need for greater attention to be paid to the use of this methodology, especially in the realm of wild animals.
A survey of stakeholders’ opinions on the priority issues affecting the welfare of companion dogs in Great Britain
Authors: Buckland EL , Whiting MC , Abeyesinghe SM , Asher L , Corr S , Wathes CM 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAn online survey, using open and prompted response questions, was undertaken to collate the views of stakeholders on the priority welfare issues currently facing companion dogs(Canis familiaris)in Great Britain and on dogs’ general quality of life. The stakeholder sectors targeted broadly comprised Education, Government, Industry, Charity and Veterinary. Overall, respondents described companion dogs as, at minimum, having a life worth living. Whether welfare issues were openly described or ranked within a set list, those of high priority in the perceptions of stakeholders matched those cited in published scientific literature; particularly, exaggerated physical features, inherited disease, obesity and inappropriate socialisation. Puppy farming and status dogs, which have been highlighted recently in the media, were also viewed as important. Lack of appropriate mental stimulation, irresponsible ownership and inappropriate environment were raised as priority issues by stakeholders and are under-reported in scientific literature. Significant differences between stakeholder sectors in ranking of welfare issues perceived importance, urgency to rectify, impact (on the individual) or prevalence in Britain may be explained by vested interests, organisational roles, differences in terminology and the contexts within which stakeholders came into contact with companion dogs. Pet travel, dew claw removal and complementary and alternative medicines were amongst those issues thought to be of least urgent welfare concern. Issues perceived to enhance welfare included the quality of veterinary care, physical stimulation, educational resources, responsible ownership, the high status of dogs in society and the work of welfare organisations.
Nanoscale Chemical Imaging Using Tip‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy: A Critical Review
Authors: Schmid Thomas , Opilik Lothar , Blum Carolin , Zenobi Renato 
Published: April 2013

AbstractMethods for chemical analysis at the nanometer scale are crucial for understanding and characterizing nanostructures of modern materials and biological systems. Tip‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) combines the chemical information provided by Raman spectroscopy with the signal enhancement known from surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and the high spatial resolution of atomic force microscopy (AFM) or scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). A metallic or metallized tip is illuminated by a focused laser beam and the resulting strongly enhanced electromagnetic field at the tip apex acts as a highly confined light source for Raman spectroscopic measurements. This Review focuses on the prerequisites for the efficient coupling of light to the tip as well as the shortcomings and pitfalls that have to be considered for TERS imaging, a fascinating but still challenging way to look at the nanoworld. Finally, examples from recent publications have been selected to demonstrate the potential of this technique for chemical imaging with a spatial resolution of approximately 10 nm and sensitivity down to the single‐molecule level for applications ranging from materials sciences to life sciences.
Conversion of CuO Nanoplates into Porous Hybrid Cu2O/Polypyrrole Nanoflakes through a Pyrrole‐Induced Reductive Transformation Reaction
Authors: Xu You , Wang Huan , Zhu Rongjiao , Liu Cuibo , Wu Xuan , Zhang Bin 
Published: April 2013

AbstractPorous hybrid Cu2O/polypyrrole nanoflakes have been synthesized from solid CuO nanoplate templates through the pyrrole‐induced reductive transformation reaction at elevated temperature. The conversion mechanism involves the reductive transformation of CuO to Cu2O and the in situ oxidative polymerization of pyrrole to polypyrrole. In addition, the morphology of the as‐converted nanohybrids depends on the shape of the CuO precursors. The strategy enables us to transform single‐crystalline CuO nanosheets into hollow hybrid Cu2O/polypyrrole nanoframes. The ability to transform CuO and an organic monomer into porous hybrid materials of conducting polymer and Cu2O with macrosized morphological retention opens up interesting possibilities to create novel nanostructures. Electrochemical examinations show that these porous hybrid Cu2O/polypyrrole nanostructures exhibit efficient catalytic activity towards oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), excellent methanol tolerance ability, and catalytic stability in alkaline solution, thus making them promising nonprecious‐metal‐based catalysts for ORR in alkaline fuel cells and metal–air batteries.
Late endosomal and lysosomal trafficking during integrin‐mediated cell migration and invasion
Authors: Rainero Elena , Norman Jim C. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractRecently it has become clear that trafficking of integrins to late endosomes is key to the regulation of integrin expression and function during cell migration. Here we discuss the molecular machinery that dictates whether integrins are sorted to recycling endosomes or are targeted to late endosomes and lysosomes. Integrins and other receptors that are sorted to late endosomes are not necessarily degraded and, under certain circumstances, can be spared destruction and returned to the cell surface to drive cell migration and invasion. We will discuss how the exchange of adhesion receptors and other key regulators of cell migration between late endosomes/lysosomes and the plasma membrane can promote dynamic turnover of adhesions during cell migration.
Spectroscopic analysis on the interaction of ferulic acid and tetramethylpyrazine with trypsin
Authors: Shuai Li , Chen Zhi , Fei Peng , Wang Qiang , Yang Tianming 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTThe interaction of trypsin with tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) and ferulic acid (FA) was studied using fluorescence, synchronous fluorescence, UV–vis absorption, circular dichroism (CD) and three‐dimensional (3D) fluorescence spectra techniques. Using fluorescence quenching calculations, the bimolecular quenching constant (kq), apparent quenching constant (KSV), effective binding constant (Ka) and binding site number (n) were obtained. The distance r between donor and acceptor was found to be 2.049 and 1.281 nm for TMP–trypsin and FA–trypsin complexes. TMP and FA can quench the fluorescence intensity of trypsin by a static quenching procedure. Thermodynamic parameters calculated on the basis of different temperatures revealed that the binding of trypsin to TMP/FA mainly depended on van der Waals' forces and hydrogen bonds. The effect of TMP and FA on the conformation of trypsin was analyzed using synchronous fluorescence, CD, 3D fluorescence spectra and molecular docking studies. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Binding of teicoplanin and vancomycin to bovine serum albumin in vitro: a multispectroscopic approach and molecular modeling
Authors: Lin Yongxin , Jiao Genlong , Sun Guodong , Zhang Lili , Wang Shilong , Liu Hanchao , Li Zhizhong 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTIn this paper, the binding properties of teicoplanin and vancomycin to bovine serum albumin (BSA) were investigated using fluorescence quenching, synchronous fluorescence, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), circular dichroism (CD) and UV–vis spectroscopic techniques and molecular docking under simulative physiological conditions. The results obtained from fluorescence quenching data revealed that the drug–BSA interaction altered the conformational structure of BSA. Meanwhile, the 3D fluorescence, CD, FTIR and UV–vis data demonstrated that the conformation of BSA was slightly altered in the presence of teicoplanin and vancomycin, with different reduced α‐helical contents. The binding distances for the drug–BSA system were provided by the efficiency of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). Furthermore, the thermodynamic analysis implied that hydrogen bond and van der Waals' forces were the main interaction for the drug–BSA systems, which agreed well with the results from the molecular modeling study. The results obtained herein will be of biological significance in future toxicological and pharmacological investigation. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chromatographic methods in the study of autism
Authors: Żurawicz Ewa , Kałużna‐Czaplińska Joanna , Rynkowski Jacek 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTResearch into biomarkers of autism is a new means of medical intervention in this disease. Chromatographic techniques, especially coupled with mass spectrometry, are widely used in determination of biomarkers and assessment of effectiveness of autism therapy owing to their sensitivity and selectivity. Among the chromatographic techniques gas chromatography and liquid chromatography, especially high‐performance liquid chromatography, have found application in clinical trials. The high‐performance liquid chromatography technique allows an analysis of liquid samples with a wide range of molecules, small and large, providing an opportunity to perform advanced assays within a short time frame. Gas chromatography with the appropriate preparation of samples (gaseous and liquid) and a selection of analysis conditions enables the separation of thermally stable, volatile and non‐volatile organic substances in short runtimes. The chromatographic techniques that are currently used in metabolic studies in autism are designed to identify abnormalities in three areas: the metabolism of neurotransmitters, nutritional and metabolic status and manifestations of oxidative stress. This review presents a necessary theoretical introduction and examples of applications of chromatographic studies of disorder markers in autism. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
4‐Hydroxy‐3‐methyl‐6‐(1‐methyl‐2‐oxoalkyl)pyran‐2‐one Synthesis by a Type III Polyketide Synthase from Rhodospirillum centenum
Authors: Awakawa Takayoshi , Sugai Yoshinori , Otsutomo Kanae , Ren Shukun , Masuda Shinji , Katsuyama Yohei , Horinouchi Sueharu , Ohnishi Yasuo 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe purple photosynthetic bacterium Rhodospirillum centenum has a putative type III polyketide synthase gene (rpsA). Although rpsA was known to be transcribed during the formation of dormant cells, the reaction catalyzed by RpsA was unknown. Thus we examined the RpsA reaction in vitro, using various fatty acyl‐CoAs with even numbers of carbons as starter substrates. RpsA produced tetraketide pyranones as major compounds from one C10–14 fatty acyl‐CoA unit, one malonyl‐CoA unit and two methylmalonyl‐CoA units. We identified these products as 4‐hydroxy‐3‐methyl‐6‐(1‐methyl‐2‐oxoalkyl)pyran‐2‐ones by NMR analysis. RpsA is the first bacterial type III PKS that prefers to incorporate two molecules of methylmalonyl‐CoA as the extender substrate. In addition, in vitro reactions with 13C‐labeled malonyl‐CoA revealed that RpsA produced tetraketide 6‐alkyl‐4‐hydroxy‐1,5‐dimethyl‐2‐oxocyclohexa‐3,5‐diene‐1‐carboxylic acids from C14–20 fatty acyl‐CoAs. This class of compounds is likely synthesized through aldol condensation induced by methine proton abstraction. No type III polyketide synthase that catalyzes this reaction has been reported so far. These two unusual features of RpsA extend the catalytic functions of the type III polyketide synthase family.
Ligand‐Free Copper‐Catalyzed Coupling of Phenols with Nitroarenes by using a Metal–Organic Framework as a Robust and Recoverable Catalyst
Authors: Phan Nam T. S. , Nguyen Tung T. , Nguyen Vu T. , Nguyen Khoa D. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA highly porous metal–organic framework Cu2(BDC)2(DABCO) (H2BDC=1,4‐benzenedicarboxylic acid, DABCO=1,4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane) was synthesized and used as an efficient recyclable heterogeneous catalyst for the coupling reaction of phenols with nitroarenes to form diaryl ethers without using a ligand. Physical characterization of the MOF was obtained by using XRD, SEM, TEM, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), FTIR spectroscopy, atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS), H2 temperature‐programmed reduction (H2‐TPR), and N2 physisorption measurements. The Cu2(BDC)2(DABCO)‐catalyzed coupling reaction offers several advantages compared to the conventional Ullmann reaction for the synthesis of unsymmetrical diaryl ethers. To the best of our knowledge, the ligand‐free Cu‐catalyzed O‐arylation reaction of phenols with nitroarenes that uses a heterogeneous catalyst has not been mentioned previously in the literature.
Genetic markers associated with early cancer‐specific mortality following prostatectomy
Authors: Liu Wennuan , Xie Chunmei C. , Thomas Christopher Y. , Kim Seong‐Tae , Lindberg Johan , Egevad Lars , Wang Zhong , Zhang Zheng , Sun Jishan , Sun Jielin , Koty Patrick P. , Kader A. Karim , Cramer Scott D. , Bova G. Steven , Zheng S. Lilly , Grönberg Henrik , Isaacs William B. , Xu Jianfeng 
Published: April 2013

BACKGROUNDThis study sought to identify novel effectors and markers of localized but potentially life‐threatening prostate cancer (PCa), by evaluating chromosomal copy number alterations (CNAs) in tumors from patients who underwent prostatectomy and correlating these with clinicopathologic features and outcome.METHODSCNAs in tumor DNA samples from 125 patients in the discovery cohort who underwent prostatectomy were assayed with high‐resolution Affymetrix 6.0 single‐nucleotide polymorphism microarrays and then analyzed using the Genomic Identification of Significant Targets in Cancer (GISTIC) algorithm.RESULTSThe assays revealed 20 significant regions of CNAs, 4 of them novel, and identified the target genes of 4 of the alterations. By univariate analysis, 7 CNAs were significantly associated with early PCa‐specific mortality. These included gains of chromosomal regions that contain the genes MYC, ADAR, or TPD52 and losses of sequences that incorporate SERPINB5, USP10, PTEN, or TP53. On multivariate analysis, only the CNAs of PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog) and MYC (v‐myc myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog) contributed additional prognostic information independent of that provided by pathologic stage, Gleason score, and initial prostate‐specific antigen level. Patients whose tumors had alterations of both genes had a markedly elevated risk of PCa‐specific mortality (odds ratio = 53; 95% CI = 6.92‐405, P = 1 × 10−4). Analyses of 333 tumors from 3 additional distinct patient cohorts confirmed the relationship between CNAs of PTEN and MYC and lethal PCa.CONCLUSIONSThis study identified new CNAs and genes that likely contribute to the pathogenesis of localized PCa and suggests that patients whose tumors have acquired CNAs of PTEN, MYC, or both have an increased risk of early PCa‐specific mortality. Cancer 2013;119:2405‐2412. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Precision study of DXA‐based patient‐specific finite element modeling for assessing hip fracture risk
Authors: Luo Yunhua , Ferdous Zannatul , Leslie William D. 
Published: April 2013

SUMMARYFinite element (FE) modeling based on a patient's hip dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) image is a promising tool for more accurately assessing hip fracture risk, as it is able to comprehensively consider effects from all the mechanical parameters affecting hip fracture. However, a number of factors influence the precision (also known as repeatability or reproducibility) of a DXA‐based FE procedure, for example, subject positioning in DXA scanning. As a procedure is required to have adequately high precision in clinical application, we investigated the effects of the involved factors on the precision of a DXA‐based patient‐specific FE procedure developed by the authors, to provide insight into how the precision of the procedure can be improved so that it can meet the clinical standards. Fracture risk indices corresponding to initial and repeat DXA scans acquired in 30 typical clinical subjects were computed and compared to assess short term repeatability of the procedure. It was found that inconsistent positioning followed by manual segmentation of the projected femur contour induced significant variability in the predicted fracture risk indices. This research suggests that, to apply the DXA‐based FE procedure in clinical assessment, it will be necessary to pay more strict attention to subject positioning in DXA scanning. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.