bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychotic experiences and hyper-theory-of-mind in preadolescence – a birth cohort study
Authors: Clemmensen L. , van Os J. , Drukker M. , Munkholm A. , Rimvall M. K. , Væver M. , Rask C. U. , Bartels-Velthuis A. A. , Skovgaard A. M. , Jeppesen P. 
Published: September 2015

Background.Knowledge on the risk mechanisms of psychotic experiences (PE) is still limited. The aim of this population-based study was to explore developmental markers of PE with a particular focus on the specificity of hyper-theory-of-mind (HyperToM) as correlate of PE as opposed to correlate of any mental disorder.Method.We assessed 1630 children from the Copenhagen Child Cohort 2000 regarding PE and HyperToM at the follow-up at 11–12 years. Mental disorders were diagnosed by clinical ratings based on standardized parent-, teacher- and self-reported psychopathology. Logistic regression analyses were performed to test the correlates of PE and HyperToM, and the specificity of correlates of PE v. correlates of any Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV) mental disorder.Results.Univariate analyses showed the following correlates of PE: familial psychiatric liability; parental mental illness during early child development; change in family composition; low family income; regulatory problems in infancy; onset of puberty; bullying; concurrent mental disorder; and HyperToM. When estimating the adjusted effects, only low family income, concurrent mental disorder, bullying and HyperToM remained significantly associated with PE. Further analyses of the specificity of these correlates with regard to outcome revealed that HyperToM was the only variable specifically associated with PE without concurrent mental disorder. Finally, HyperToM did not share any of the investigated precursors with PE.Conclusions.HyperToM may have a specific role in the risk trajectories of PE, being specifically associated with PE in preadolescent children, independently of other family and child risk factors associated with PE and overall psychopathology at this age.
Heritability and familiality of neurological soft signs: evidence from healthy twins, patients with schizophrenia and non-psychotic first-degree relatives
Authors: Xu T. , Wang Y. , Li Z. , Huang J. , Lui S. S. Y. , Tan S.-P. , Yu X. , Cheung E. F. C. , He M.-G. , Ott J. , Gur R. E. , Gur R. C. , Chan R. C. K. 
Published: September 2015

Background.Neurological soft signs (NSS) have long been considered potential endophenotypes for schizophrenia. However, few studies have investigated the heritability and familiality of NSS. The present study examined the heritability and familiality of NSS in healthy twins and patient–relative pairs.Method.The abridged version of the Cambridge Neurological Inventory was administered to 267 pairs of monozygotic twins, 124 pairs of dizygotic twins, and 75 pairs of patients with schizophrenia and their non-psychotic first-degree relatives.Results.NSS were found to have moderate but significant heritability in the healthy twin sample. Moreover, patients with schizophrenia correlated closely with their first-degree relatives on NSS.Conclusions.Taken together, the findings provide evidence on the heritability and familiality of NSS in the Han Chinese population.
Structural basis underlying CAC RNA recognition by the RRM domain of dimeric RNA-binding protein RBPMS
Authors: Teplova Marianna , Farazi Thalia A. , Tuschl Thomas , Patel Dinshaw J. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractRNA-binding protein with multiple splicing (designated RBPMS) is a higher vertebrate mRNA-binding protein containing a single RNA recognition motif (RRM). RBPMS has been shown to be involved in mRNA transport, localization and stability, with key roles in axon guidance, smooth muscle plasticity, as well as regulation of cancer cell proliferation and migration. We report on structure-function studies of the RRM domain of RBPMS bound to a CAC-containing single-stranded RNA. These results provide insights into potential topologies of complexes formed by the RBPMS RRM domain and the tandem CAC repeat binding sites as detected by photoactivatable-ribonucleoside-enhanced crosslinking and immunoprecipitation. These studies establish that the RRM domain of RBPMS forms a symmetrical dimer in the free state, with each monomer binding sequence-specifically to all three nucleotides of a CAC segment in the RNA bound state. Structure-guided mutations within the dimerization and RNA-binding interfaces of RBPMS RRM on RNA complex formation resulted in both disruption of dimerization and a decrease in RNA-binding affinity as observed by size exclusion chromatography and isothermal titration calorimetry. As anticipated from biochemical binding studies, over-expression of dimerization or RNA-binding mutants of Flag-HA-tagged RBPMS were no longer able to track with stress granules in HEK293 cells, thereby documenting the deleterious effects of such mutations in vivo.
Liberals and conservatives: Non-convertible currencies
Authors: Hibbing John R. , Smith Kevin B. , Alford John R. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractDuarte et al. are correct that the social science enterprise would improve on several fronts if the number of politically conservative researchers were to increase; however, because they misunderstand the degree to which liberals and conservatives are dispositionally different, they fail to appreciate the full range of reasons that conservatives are reluctant to enter the modern social sciences.
Conservatism is not the missing viewpoint for true diversity
Authors: Seibt Beate , Waldzus Sven , Schubert Thomas W. , Brito Rodrigo 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe target article diagnoses a dominance of liberal viewpoints with little evidence, promotes a conservative viewpoint without defining it, and wrongly projects the U.S. liberal-conservative spectrum to the whole field of social psychology. Instead, we propose to anticipate and reduce mixing of theorizing and ideology by using definitions that acknowledge divergence in perspective, and promote representative sampling and observation of the field, as well as dialogical publication.
Decomposed: a political ecology of music
Authors: Devine Kyle 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis article is about what recordings are made of, and about what happens to those recordings when they are disposed of. It inscribes a history of recorded music in three main materials: shellac, plastic and data. These materials constitute the five most prevalent recording formats since 1900: 78s, LPs, cassettes, CDs and MP3s. The goal is to forge a political ecology of the evolving relationship between popular music and sound technology, which accounts not only for human production and consumption but also material manufacture and disposal. Such an orientation is useful for developing an analytical framework that is adequate to the complexities of the global material–cultural flows in which the recorded music commodity is constituted and deconstituted. It also strives towards a more responsible way of thinking about the relationship between popular music's cultural and economic value, on the one hand, and its environmental cost, on the other.
In quest of truth: the meaning of message making in Israeli rap
Authors: Dorchin Uri 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis article explores the meaning of ‘message’ in rap made in Israel. I suggest that since Israeli rappers perceive rap not just as music but as an instrument for the articulation of one's true self, they invest heavily in the notion of truth, rendering the making-of-a-message a message in its own right. I draw on two different analytical methods to explore the meaning of truth in this context: text analysis, based on a ‘word-system approach’, and ethnography of performance. The analysis of speech strategies exposes the different aspects attached to the idea of truth, and this is complemented by my fieldwork experiences, which illustrate how these aspects and perceptions are being practised during performance. I argue that for Israeli rappers the ideals of message making and ‘keeping things real’ draw simultaneously on the global stylistic capital of hip-hop and on local traditions of straightforward verbal expression.
Unethical Consumption and Obligations to Signal
Authors: Lawford-Smith Holly 
Published: September 2015

There are many different ways to try to bring about an end to the harms involved in the production of consumer goods. In this article I will start at the bottom, with the individual whose ordinary choices about how to travel, what to eat, what to wear, where to shop, and which policies to support all cause her to confront the possibility of involvement in these harms to the environment, nonhuman animals, and persons.Having dismissed the claim that an individual has a straightforward duty of justice not to consume unethically produced goods, in the second section I map out a few different approaches, all of which I take to be promising avenues for generating duties in individuals to consume ethically. I argue that the last approach is the most promising and spend the third section of this article developing it. Specifically, I argue that as a first step in collectivizing to act against unjust global labor practices, an individual ought to signal to others her commitments to ethical consumption. In section four I ask whether some signals are too cheap to function as a step toward collectivization, and defend the deliberate consumption of only ethically produced goods as a moderately costly and therefore reliable signal. In the last section I consider a challenge to the proposal in terms of whether it imposes unacceptable costs on consumers.
Preface
Authors: HOWISON SAM , KING JOHN , LACEY ANDREW , WARD MICHAEL 
Published: September 2015

In this special issue of the European Journal of Applied Mathematics we celebrate the 75th birthday of its founding editor, Professor John Ockendon.John started his research career with his D.Phil., awarded in 1965, working with Alan Tayler at the University of Oxford. John's background was in fluid mechanics, covering a wide range of topics, including, lubrication flows, flows in porous media, hypersonic aerodynamics, sloshing phenomena, and flow separation. He soon became involved in industrial research which led, in particular, to his interest in the field of free boundary problems, an area in which he became a driving force, through papers, conferences, and particularly through the fostering of regular international meetings and personal interactions. His pioneering work in the field was particularly concentrated in diffusion-controlled moving boundary problems that arise in various applications, such as in phase change problems, elastic-contact problems and the fundamental Hele-Shaw free boundary problem. The industrial collaborations also led to mathematical studies of lens design, fibre extrusion, fluidised beds, glass manufacture and semiconductor devices, to name but a few, and to problems in scattering and wave theory, non-linear wave propagation and non-linear oscillations, as well as mechanics and heat and mass transfer. He continues to work on PDEs and asymptotics applied to new well-founded models from the real world, with a particular focus in the physical and earth sciences.
Sum of Many Dilates
Authors: SHAKAN GEORGE 
Published: September 2015

We show that for any coprime integers λ1, . . ., λkand any finiteA⊂$\mathbb{Z}$, one has|\lambda_1 \cdot A + \cdots + \lambda_k \cdot A| \geq (|\lambda_1| + \cdots + |\lambda_k|)|A|- C,whereConly depends on λ1, . . ., λk.
CHD associated with syndromic diagnoses: peri-operative risk factors and early outcomes
Authors: Landis Benjamin J. , Cooper David S. , Hinton Robert B. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractCHD is frequently associated with a genetic syndrome. These syndromes often present specific cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular co-morbidities that confer significant peri-operative risks affecting multiple organ systems. Although surgical outcomes have improved over time, these co-morbidities continue to contribute substantially to poor peri-operative mortality and morbidity outcomes. Peri-operative morbidity may have long-standing ramifications on neurodevelopment and overall health. Recognising the cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular risks associated with specific syndromic diagnoses will facilitate expectant management, early detection of clinical problems, and improved outcomes – for example, the development of syndrome-based protocols for peri-operative evaluation and prophylactic actions may improve outcomes for the more frequently encountered syndromes such as 22q11 deletion syndrome.
The risk associated with concomitant procedures performed during adult congenital heart surgery
Authors: Mori Makoto , Rosenblum Joshua M. , Book Wendy , Oster Matt , Kogon Brian 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackgroundAdult patients with CHD often require complex operations, and indications for particular aspects of the operation are sometimes unclear. The aims of our study were as follows: to characterise concomitant procedures performed during adult congenital cardiac surgery, and to better define the risk involved with performing concomitant procedures during a single operation.MethodsWe retrospectively studied 458 adult congenital cardiac surgical patients. Major procedures were characterised as aortic, mitral, pulmonary, tricuspid, septal defect, single ventricle, transplant, and others. We constructed logistic regression models to assess the risk for mortality, major adverse event, and prolonged length of stay.ResultsA total of 362 operations involved a single major procedure, whereas 96 involved concomitant procedures. Performing concomitant procedures increased mortality (7.3 versus 2.5%), major adverse events (21.8 versus 14.9%), and prolonged length of stay (29.2 versus 17.1%). The added risks of concomitant procedures on mortality, major adverse event, and prolonged length of stay were 2.9 (95% CI 1.0–8.5, p=0.05), 1.9 (95% CI 1.1–3.3, p=0.02), and 2.4 (95% CI 1.4–4.1, p=0.003), respectively. There were 200 patients with conotruncal anomalies who underwent pulmonary valve surgery. In this subset, the added risks of concomitant procedures in addition to pulmonary valve surgery on mortality, major adverse events, and prolonged length of stay were 6.6 (95% CI 1.2–37.3, p=0.03), 2.8 (95% CI 1.2–6.6, p=0.03), and 3.3 (95% CI 1.5–7.4, p=0.005), respectively.ConclusionConcomitant procedures performed during adult congenital heart surgery increase risk. Awareness of this risk may improve surgical decision making and outcomes.
Bilateral diaphragmatic palsy after congenital heart surgery: management options
Authors: Bhaskar Pradeep , Lone Reyaz A. , Sallehuddin Ahmad , John Jiju , Bhat Akhlaque N. , Rahmath Muhammed R. K. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractDiaphragmatic paralysis following phrenic nerve injury is a major complication following congenital cardiac surgery. In contrast to unilateral paralysis, patients with bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis present a higher risk group, require different management methods, and have poorer prognosis. We retrospectively analysed seven patients who had bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis following congenital heart surgery during the period from July, 2006 to July, 2014. Considerations were given to the time to diagnosis of diaphragm paralysis, total ventilator days, interval after plication, and lengths of ICU and hospital stays. The incidence of bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis was 0.68% with a median age of 2 months (0.6–12 months). There was one neonate and six infants with a median weight of 4 kg (3–7 kg); five patients underwent unilateral plication of the paradoxical diaphragm following recovery of the other side, whereas the remaining two patients who did not demonstrate a paradoxical movement were successfully weaned from the ventilator following recovery of function in one of the diaphragms. The median ventilation time for the whole group was 48 days (20–90 days). The median length of ICU stay was 46 days (24–110 days), and the median length of hospital stay was 50 days (30–116 days). None of the patients required tracheostomy for respiratory support and there were no mortalities, although all the patients except one developed ventilator-associated pneumonia. The outcome of different management options for bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis following surgery for CHD is discussed.
A new vascular access route for balloon angioplasty in extremely low birth weight infants
Authors: Kanagawa Nao , Inamura Noboru , Tominaga Yuji 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn this study, we present the case of an extremely low birth weight infant with severe coarctation of the aorta after ductus ligation. We treated the patient with balloon angioplasty using the descending aorta as a new access route. This method reduced many complications typically observed during the intervention for extremely low birth weight infants, which may expand the available treatment options for extremely low birth weight infants.
Psychosocial adjustment and quality of life in children undergoing screening in a specialist paediatric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy clinic
Authors: Spanaki Adriani , O’Curry Sara , Winter-Beatty Jasmine , Mead-Regan Sarah , Hawkins Kate , English Jennifer , Head Catherine , Ridout Deborah , Tome-Esteban Maria T. , Elliott Perry , Kaski Juan P. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the psychological well-being and quality of life in children with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and the potential psychosocial impact of screening.MethodsA total of 152 children (aged 3–18 years) attending a specialist paediatric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy clinic, and their parents completed the Generic Core Scales and Cardiac Module of the Paediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) questionnaire as well as the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire; 21 patients (14%) had hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (group A); 23 children (15%) harboured hypertrophic cardiomyopathy-causing sarcomeric mutations with normal echocardiograms (group G); and 108 children (71%) had a family history of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with normal investigations and attended for clinical cardiological screening (group S).ResultsIn group A, mean PedsQLTM total scores reported by children and parents were lower than those reported by unaffected children (p<0.001). There was no significant difference between unaffected and gene-positive patients. Mean Cardiac module PedsQLTM total scores by children and parents were lower in children with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy compared with unaffected patients [mean child-reported total score 86.4 in group S versus 72.3 in group A (p<0.001) and 80.2 in group G (p=0.25); mean parent-reported total score 91.6 in group S versus 71.4 in group A (p<0.001) and 87 in group G (p=0.4)]. There was no significant difference between group S and group G on any of the scales, or between the three groups of patients in the mean Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire scores.ConclusionsChildren with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy have a significantly reduced quality of life. Importantly, Quality-of-Life scores among unaffected children attending for screening were not different compared with scores from a normative UK population.
Cigarette smoking in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder: a report from the International College of Obsessive Compulsive Spectrum Disorders (ICOCS)
Authors: Dell’Osso Bernardo , Nicolini Humberto , Lanzagorta Nuria , Benatti Beatrice , Spagnolin Gregorio , Palazzo M. Carlotta , Marazziti Donatella , Hollander Eric , Fineberg Naomi , Stein Dan J. , Pallanti Stefano , Van Ameringen Michael , Lochner Christine , Hranov Georgi , Karamustafalioglu Oguz , Hranov Luchezar , Zohar Joseph , Denys Damiaan , Altamura A. Carlo , Menchon Jose M. 
Published: September 2015

Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) showed a lower prevalence of cigarette smoking compared to other psychiatric disorders in previous and recent reports. We assessed the prevalence and clinical correlates of the phenomenon in an international sample of 504 OCD patients recruited through the International College of Obsessive Compulsive Spectrum Disorders (ICOCS) network.Cigarette smoking showed a cross-sectional prevalence of 24.4% in the sample, with significant differences across countries. Females were more represented among smoking patients (16% vs 7%; p<.001). Patients with comorbid Tourette’s syndrome (p<.05) and tic disorder (p<.05) were also more represented among smoking subjects. Former smokers reported a higher number of suicide attempts (p<.05).We found a lower cross-sectional prevalence of smoking among OCD patients compared to findings from previous studies in patients with other psychiatric disorders but higher compared to previous and more recent OCD studies. Geographic differences were found and smoking was more common in females and comorbid Tourette’s syndrome/tic disorder.
Do Old Errors Always Lead to New Truths? A Randomized Controlled Trial of Errorless Goal Management Training in Brain-Injured Patients
Authors: Bertens Dirk , Kessels Roy P.C. , Fiorenzato Eleonora , Boelen Danielle H. E. , Fasotti Luciano 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBoth errorless learning (EL) and Goal Management Training (GMT) have been shown effective cognitive rehabilitation methods aimed at optimizing the performance on everyday skills after brain injury. We examine whether a combination of EL and GMT is superior to traditional GMT for training complex daily tasks in brain-injured patients with executive dysfunction. This was an assessor-blinded randomized controlled trial conducted in 67 patients with executive impairments due to brain injury of non-progressive nature (minimal post-onset time: 3 months), referred for outpatient rehabilitation. Individually selected everyday tasks were trained using 8 sessions of an experimental combination of EL and GMT or via conventional GMT, which follows a trial-and-error approach. Primary outcome measure was everyday task performance assessed after treatment compared to baseline. Goal attainment scaling, rated by both trainers and patients, was used as secondary outcome measure. EL-GMT improved everyday task performance significantly more than conventional GMT (adjusted difference 15.43, 95% confidence interval [CI] [4.52, 26.35]; Cohen’s d=0.74). Goal attainment, as scored by the trainers, was significantly higher after EL-GMT compared to conventional GMT (mean difference 7.34, 95% CI [2.99, 11.68]; Cohen’s d=0.87). The patients’ goal attainment scores did not differ between the two treatment arms (mean difference 3.51, 95% CI [−1.41, 8.44]). Our study is the first to show that preventing the occurrence of errors during executive strategy training enhances the acquisition of everyday activities. A combined EL-GMT intervention is a valuable contribution to cognitive rehabilitation in clinical practice. (JINS, 2015, 21, 639–649)