bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative profiling method for phytohormones and betaines in algae by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Wang Xiujuan , Zhao Peng , Liu Xuemei , Chen Juanjuan , Xu Jilin , Chen Haimin , Yan Xiaojun 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTA liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) method was developed for the quantitative determination of phytohormones and betaines in algae. The results showed that phytohormones and betaines were separated with high efficiency on Hypersil Gold C18 and Cnwsil SCX columns. Mass spectrometric detection was performed using positive or negative electrospray ionization in selective reaction monitoring mode (SRM). Linearity of the method was good with correlation coefficients (r2) > 0.9951 in the range of 0.005–5 mg/L. The limits of detection were from 0.004 to 0.86 µg/L and the limits of quantification were in the range from 0.01 to 2.8 µg/L for the investigated phytohormones and betaines. The obtained recoveries varied between 61.33 and 90.39%, and the relative standard deviations were <15%. Using the developed methods, seven types of phytohormones and two types of betaines in Laminaria japonica, and seven types of phytohormones and one type of betaine in Pyropia haitanensis, which were collected in Xiangshan, Zhejiang Province, China, were determined. Thus, LC‐MS/MS was demonstrated to be a powerful tool for the comprehensive analysis of phytohormones and betaines in algae, owing to its large dynamic range and excellent sensitivity. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Large‐scale virtual screening experiments on Windows Azure‐based cloud resources
Authors: Kiss Tamas , Borsody Peter , Terstyanszky Gabor , Winter Stephen , Greenwell Pamela , McEldowney Sharron , Heindl Hans 
Published: September 2013

SUMMARYMolecular docking simulations have high potential to contribute to a wide area of molecular and biomedical research in various disciplines including molecular biology, drug design, environmental studies and psychology. Conducting large‐scale molecular docking experiments requires a vast amount of computing resources. Several types of distributed computing infrastructures have been investigated and utilized recently to conduct such simulations, including service and desktop grid systems or local clusters. This paper investigates and analyses how Windows Azure‐based cloud resources can be applied for this purpose. A virtual screening experiment framework has been implemented on a Windows Azure‐based cloud using the generic worker concept. Virtual machines can be instantiated in the cloud on demand scaling up the simulations based on the volume of molecules to be docked and the available financial resources. Bioscientists are able to execute the simulations and visualise the results from a high‐level user interface. The paper describes the experiences when implementing the molecular docking application on this novel platform and provides the first benchmarking experiments to evaluate the suitability of the infrastructure for computation intensive simulations. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spectrum of a frequency modulated pulse width modulation signal
Authors: Kılınç Selçuk , Çabuk Gökhan 
Published: September 2013

AbstractIn power electronics, the switching elements are controlled by pulse width modulated (PWM) signals making their currents on and off repeatedly. This might cause electromagnetic interference (EMI) problems especially in switched mode power supplies. One method for mitigating the EMI is to use the frequency modulation technique in the control signal of the switching metal–oxide–semiconductor field‐effect transistor. According to this approach, frequency of the PWM signal is modulated in order to spread its spectrum and hence reduce the EMI levels. This paper presents the theoretical analysis for the spectrum of a frequency modulated PWM signal. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ontogenetic analysis of behavior in the tail suspension test: Temporal differences in the emergence of within‐ and between‐session habituation in Swiss mice
Authors: Manhães Alex C. , Paes‐Branco Danielle , Caparelli‐Dáquer Egas M. , Nunes Fernanda , Krahe Thomas E. , Abreu‐Villaça Yael , Filgueiras Cláudio C. 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTHabituation is an important tool in the investigation of learning/memory throughout life. Despite that, few studies describe habituation from an ontogenetic perspective. Considering that, as soon as they are born, rodents can twist their bodies when lifted by their tails in an attempt to escape, this behavior should be well suited to study habituation behavior from birth to adulthood. Here, we implement a tail suspension test to study the ontogenetic development of habituation in Swiss mice. Our data indicate that a continuous within‐session decrease in trunk movements can be observed from postnatal day (P) 10 onwards and that between‐sessions habituation (from one day to another) can be observed from P16 onwards. Furthermore, we show that the adult pattern of within‐ and between‐sessions reductions in activity is already present by the beginning of adolescence, at P28. Our results indicate that between‐sessions habituation involves a more complex mechanism of memory and learning than within‐session habituation, requiring a longer period of brain maturation before it can be displayed. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 56: 850–856, 2014.
Asymmetric Ring Opening of meso‐Epoxides with Aromatic Amines Using (R)‐(+)‐BINOL‐Sc(OTf)3‐NMM Complex as an Efficient Catalyst
Authors: More Ganesh V. , Bhanage Bhalchandra M. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThis work reports the asymmetric ring‐opening reaction of meso‐epoxides with aromatic amines by using the highly efficient in situ generated (R)‐(+)‐BINOL‐Sc(OTf)3‐N‐methylmorpholine complex. The asymmetric ring opening of cis‐stilbene oxide with various substituted aromatic amines gave enantioenriched β‐amino alcohols in good yields and with excellent enantioselectivities when the reaction was conducted at 0 °C for 12 h. The reaction proceeded under mild conditions using simple and inexpensive starting materials such as (R)‐(+)‐1,1′‐bi‐2‐naphthol [(R)‐(+)‐BINOL], meso‐stilbene oxide, aniline derivatives, and 4 Å molecular sieves. This new and versatile catalytic system has competitive advantages such as short reaction times, no additives, and no expensive chiral ligands that require a multistep synthesis under harsh reaction conditions.
Is it a (fe)male pain? Portuguese nurses' and laypeople's gendered representations of common pains
Authors: Bernardes S.F. , Silva S.A. , Carvalho H. , Costa M. , Pereira S. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractBackgroundAlthough many studies have explored gender role expectations of pain behaviours in different cultures, only a few authors have tried to explore whether certain pains are more associated with the typical man or woman. Hence, this study aimed at exploring, among Portuguese laypeople and nurses, patterns of common pains more strongly associated with the typical man or woman, and their relationship with health‐care training and personal pain experiences.MethodsA total of 68 nurses (76% women) and 55 laypeople (62% women) were asked to identify, through free association, the most frequent common pains that people in general associate with the typical man and woman, respectively, and also to report their personal past pain experiences. A content analysis was used to categorize and quantify participants' responses. A multiple correspondence analysis was performed to identify gendered patterns of common pains, followed by a cluster analysis to classify participants according to their endorsed patterns.ResultsFindings showed that while ‘back and musculoskeletal pains’ was the only pattern associated with the typical man, more differentiated patterns of pains were associated with the typical woman, namely (1) headaches; (2) abdominal, back and musculoskeletal pains; and (3) pains due to hormonal cycles, labour/puerperium and from the urinary/reproductive system. These representations were shared by laypeople and nurses and were only significantly associated with personal experiences of pains from the urinary/reproductive system.ConclusionsThis study identified different gendered patterns of common pains, which may have important implications for (wo)men's pain experiences and how these are interpreted by others.
Intrathyroidal parathyroid carcinoma mimicking a thyroid nodule in a MEN type 1 patient
Authors: Lee Kyung Mi , Kim Eui Jong , Choi Woo Suk , Park Won Seo , Kim Sung Won 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTA 59‐year‐old woman with classic manifestations of hyperparathyroidism associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 presented with a right adrenal mass and two pituitary microadenomas on imaging studies. For evaluation of hypercalcemia, 99mTc‐MIBI scintigraphy was done and showed focal uptake at the thyroid level of the right anterior neck. Subsequent neck sonography showed several thyroid nodules, but there was no parathyroid tumor. Percutaneous fine‐needle aspiration of the dominant thyroid nodule indicated a follicular nodule. After surgery, final histopathology revealed intrathyroidal parathyroid carcinoma. This case illustrates the difficulty in diagnosing parathyroid carcinoma via fine‐needle aspiration. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 42:212–214, 2014
Bipolar cloud‐to‐ground lightning flash observations
Authors: Saba Marcelo M. F. , Schumann Carina , Warner Tom A. , Helsdon John H. , Schulz Wolfgang , Orville Richard E. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractBipolar lightning is usually defined as a lightning flash where the current waveform exhibits a polarity reversal. There are very few reported cases of cloud‐to‐ground (CG) bipolar flashes using only one channel in the literature. Reports on this type of bipolar flashes are not common due to the fact that in order to confirm that currents of both polarities follow the same channel to the ground, one necessarily needs video records. This study presents five clear observations of single‐channel bipolar CG flashes. High‐speed video and electric field measurement observations are used and analyzed. Based on the video images obtained and based on previous observations of positive CG flashes with high‐speed cameras, we suggest that positive leader branches which do not participate in the initial return stroke of a positive cloud‐to‐ground flash later generate recoil leaders whose negative ends, upon reaching the branch point, traverse the return stroke channel path to the ground resulting in a subsequent return stroke of opposite polarity.
Three‐dimensional late gadolinium‐enhanced mr imaging of the left atrium: A comparison of spiral versus Cartesian k‐space trajectories
Authors: Knowles Benjamin R. , Peters Dana C. , Clough Rachel E. , Razavi Reza , Schaeffter Tobias , Prieto Claudia 
Published: September 2013

PurposeTo investigate the feasibility of high‐resolution late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) imaging using a three‐dimensional (3D) stack of spirals k‐space trajectory for the detection of left atrial (LA) ablation lesions. LGE imaging inherently suffers from low SNR, so that improvements in spatial resolution and imaging time are challenging. The spiral trajectory offers greater acquisition efficiency, and this is used for increased spatial resolution.Materials and MethodsNine healthy subjects and 10 pre/post pulmonary vein isolation patients underwent an MRI examination. A Cartesian 3D inversion‐recovery gradient‐echo sequence was performed followed by a 3D inversion‐recovery gradient‐echo with a spiral trajectory. Image quality, fat suppression and sharpness were graded by expert cardiologists.ResultsNo statistical significance was determined for SNR or image quality between the Cartesian and spiral images; however, fat suppression was significantly improved with the spiral approach (P = 0.002). The enhancement in the Cartesian scan was found to have significantly higher CNR (P = 0.02).ConclusionThe feasibility of spiral LGE in the left atrium has been demonstrated. Similar image quality and sharpness were observed with both acquisitions. This spiral sequence has sub‐millimeter spatial resolution improved fat suppression and maintains a comparable level of SNR compared with the Cartesian scan. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;39:211–216. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reproducibility of myocardial strain and left ventricular twist measured using complementary spatial modulation of magnetization
Authors: Swoboda Peter P. , Larghat Abdulghani , Zaman Arshad , Fairbairn Timothy A. , Motwani Manish , Greenwood John P. , Plein Sven 
Published: September 2013

PurposeTo establish the reproducibility of complementary spatial modulation of magnetization (CSPAMM) tagged cardiovascular MR (CMR) data in normal volunteers.Materials and MethodsTwelve healthy volunteers underwent CMR studies on two separate occasions using an identical CSPAMM pulse sequence with images acquired in three short axis slices. Data were analyzed by two independent observers using harmonic phase analysis (HARP). Lagrangian circumferential and radial strain, rotation, and left ventricular twist were calculated.ResultsThe intraobserver reproducibility of circumferential strain (CoV [coefficient of variation] 1.5–4.3%) and LV twist (CoV 1.2–4.4%) was better than radial strain (CoV 10.6–14.8%). For interobserver reproducibility, circumferential strain (CoV 3.5–6.2%) and LV twist (CoV 3.5–7.2%) were more reproducible than radial strain (CoV 11.8–21.8%). Interstudy reproducibility of circumferential strain (CoV 3.7–5.5%) and LV twist (CoV 9.8–12.2%) were good but radial strain (CoV 13.8–23.4%) but showed poorer interstudy reproducibility. Sample size calculations suggested 20 or fewer subjects are needed to detect a 10% change in circumferential strain (power 90%; α error 0.05), whereas for twist, 66 subjects would be required.ConclusionIn normal volunteers, the intraobserver, interobserver, and interstudy reproducibility of circumferential strain and LV twist measured from CSPAMM tagged CMR data are good, but are less so for radial strain. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;39:887–894. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pathologic classification of adenocarcinoma of lung
Authors: Van Schil Paul E. , Sihoe Alan D.L. , Travis William D. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractRecently, the 1999/2004 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of adenocarcinoma became less useful from a clinical standpoint as most adenocarcinomas belonged to the mixed subtype and the term bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) gave rise to much confusion among clinicians. For these reasons a new adenocarcinoma classification was introduced in 2011 by a joint working group of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC), American Thoracic Society (ATS), and European Respiratory Society (ERS). This represents an international, multidisciplinary effort joining pathologists, molecular biologists, pulmonary physicians, thoracic oncologists, radiologists, and thoracic surgeons. Currently, a distinction is made between pre‐invasive lesions, minimally invasive and invasive lesions. The confusing term BAC is not used anymore and new subcategories include adenocarcinoma in situ and minimally invasive adenocarcinoma. Several aspects of this classification are discussed with main emphasis on its correlation with imaging techniques and its impact on diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. On chest computed tomography (CT) a distinction is made between solid and subsolid nodules, the latter comprising ground glass opacities (GGO), and partly solid lesions. Several studies incorporating CT and positron emission tomographic (PET) data show a good imaging—pathologic correlation. With the implementation of screening programs early lung cancer has become a hotly debated topic and sublobar resection is currently reconsidered for early lesions without lymph node involvement. This new classification will also have an impact on the TNM classification. Thoracic surgeons will continue to play a major role in the application, evaluation and further refinement of this new adenocarcinoma classification. J. Surg. Oncol. 2013 108:320–326. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Copolymerization of Ethylene and 1‐Hexene with Ansa‐Dimethylsilylene(fluorenyl) (t‐butylamido)Dimethyltitanium Complexes Activated by Modified Methylaluminoxane
Authors: Wannaborworn Mingkwan , Praserthdam Piyasan , Jongsomjit Bunjerd , Cai Zhengguo , Yano Haruki , Shiono Takeshi 
Published: September 2013

ansa‐Dimethylsilylene(fluorenyl)(t‐butylamido)dimethyltitanium complex, Me2Si(η3‐C13H8)(η1‐NtBu)TiMe2(1), and its tetraalkylsubsutituted‐fluorenyl derivative, Me2Si(η3‐C29H36)(η1‐NtBu)TiMe2(2), are used as catalysts for ethylene/1‐hexene copolymerization activated by modified methylalminoxane. 2 is found to show remarkable activity and affords high‐molecular‐weight polymer compared with 1. The monomer reactivity ratios, rE and rH, are determined to be rE = 3.0 ± 0.15, rH = 0.19 ± 0.06 for 1, and rE = 2.9 ± 0.15, rH = 0.27 ± 0.02 for 2, indicating that 2 incorporates 1‐hexene slightly more than 1.
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Functional End Groups in Polytetrahydrofuran
Authors: Caroli Giuseppe , Loos Katja 
Published: September 2013

Polytetrahydrofuran (PTHF) is a very widespread polymer, which is used in numerous applications. Very frequently, its functional end groups play a key role, in that they are exploited to perform further reactions. However, only limited work is available to date on the preparation of functionalized PTHF, mostly using hazardous compounds. Here, an easy and convenient one‐pot procedure is described to prepare iodo‐, azido‐, and amino‐terminated PTHF with minimal use of hazardous chemicals. This is thought to be the first example of iodo‐ and azido‐terminated PTHF. Additionally, a novel alternative method to obtain bromo‐ and cyano‐terminated PTHF is reported.
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Genetic variations in base excision repair pathway and risk of bladder cancer: A case–control study in the United States
Authors: Xie Hui , Gong Yilei , Dai Jingyao , Wu Xifeng , Gu Jian 
Published: September 2013

AbstractBase excision repair (BER) is one of the major cellular DNA repair pathways that repairs small isolated foci of DNA damage including reduced or oxidized single bases or fragments and small, non‐bulky adducts. Genetic variations in BER genes may affect DNA repair capacity and increase susceptibility to bladder cancer. In a case–control study of 801 bladder cancer patients and 801 matched controls, we evaluated the associations of 167 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 19 genes of the BER pathway with the risk of bladder cancer. In individual SNP analysis, 13 SNPs in 10 BER pathway genes were significantly associated with bladder cancer risk. The most significant SNP was rs2029167 in the SMUG1 gene. The homozygous variant GG genotype was associated with a 1.42‐fold increased risk of bladder cancer (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11–1.82, P = 0.005). Cumulative effect analysis showed joint effects of increased risk of bladder cancer with increasing number of unfavorable genotypes in patients. Classification and regression tree analysis further revealed high‐order gene–gene interactions and categorized the study subjects into low‐, medium–low‐, medium–high‐, and high‐risk groups. Compared with the low‐risk group, the odds ratio for medium–low‐, medium–high‐, and high‐risk group was 1.83 (95% CI: 1.23–2.72), 2.61 (95% CI: 1.79–3.80), and 3.05 (95% CI: 2.08–4.46), respectively (P for trend <0.001). Our results suggest that genetic variations in BER pathway genes modulate the risk of bladder cancer individually and jointly. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Plasma metabolites of dietary flavonoids after combination meal consumption with onion and tofu in humans
Authors: Nakamura Toshiyuki , Murota Kaeko , Kumamoto Shun , Misumi Kazuhiro , Bando Noriko , Ikushiro Shinichi , Takahashi Nobuyuki , Sekido Keiko , Kato Yoji , Terao Junji 
Published: September 2013

ScopeThe effect of food combination on metabolic profile in postprandial plasma has hardly been reported. We investigated the absorption and metabolism of quercetin and soy isoflavones in humans after combination meal consumption.Methods and resultsFive healthy volunteers ingested sautéed onion and tofu, and the plasma metabolites of quercetin and isoflavones were analyzed. Quercetin and genistein were incubated with human intestinal Caco‐2 cells and human hepatoma HepG2 cells to further analyze the influence of simultaneous supply to the small intestine and the liver. Glucuronosyl conjugates of quercetin and methylated quercetin were the major plasma metabolites in the case of onion intake. Plasma metabolites with the single serving of tofu were both glucuronide and sulfate metabolites of isoflavones. Interestingly, quercetin sulfate was only detected after the combined intake of sautéed onion and tofu, accompanied with a decrease in sulfated isoflavones. Besides, quercetin was shown as the preferential substance for phase II enzymes over genistein in both Caco‐2 and HepG2 cells.ConclusionThese results indicate that, when flavonoids and isoflavonoids were ingested together, the metabolic conversions in the small intestine and/or the liver could be altered, resulting in the variation of the postprandial profiles of the plasma metabolites.
Accelerated multi‐shot diffusion imaging
Authors: Madore Bruno , Chiou Jr‐yuan George , Chu Renxin , Chao Tzu‐Cheng , Maier Stephan E. 
Published: September 2013

PurposeTo reduce image distortion in MR diffusion imaging using an accelerated multi‐shot method.MethodsThe proposed method exploits the fact that diffusion‐encoded data tend to be sparse when represented in the kb‐kd space, where kb and kd are the Fourier transform duals of b and d, the b‐factor and the diffusion direction, respectively. Aliasing artifacts are displaced toward under‐used regions of the kb‐kd plane, allowing nonaliased signals to be recovered. A main characteristic of the proposed approach is how thoroughly the navigator information gets used during reconstruction: The phase of navigator images is used for motion correction, while the magnitude of the navigator signal in kb‐kd space is used for regularization purposes. As opposed to most acceleration methods based on compressed sensing, the proposed method reduces the number of ky lines needed for each diffusion‐encoded image, but not the total number of images required. Consequently, it tends to be most effective at reducing image distortion rather than reducing total scan time.ResultsResults are presented for three volunteers with acceleration factors ranging from 4 to 8, with and without the inclusion of parallel imaging.ConclusionAn accelerated motion‐corrected diffusion imaging method was introduced that achieves good image quality at relatively high acceleration factors. Magn Reson Med 72:324–336, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.