bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TRIM38 Negatively Regulates TLR3/4-Mediated Innate Immune and Inflammatory Responses by Two Sequential and Distinct Mechanisms
Authors: Hu Ming-Ming , Xie Xue-Qin , Yang Qing , Liao Chen-Yang , Ye Wen , Lin Heng , Shu Hong-Bing 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Tripartite motif (TRIM)38 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that was reported to regulate signaling in innate immune and inflammatory responses in certain cell lines. In this study, we show that Trim38 deficiency markedly increased TLR3- and TLR4-mediated induction of type I IFNs and proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, in immune cells and in vivo. Trim38 deficiency also caused the mice to be more susceptible to death triggered by polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid, LPS, and Salmonella typhimurium. Mechanistically, TRIM38 catalyzed K48-linked polyubiquitination of the TLR3/4 adapter protein TIR domain–containing adapter-inducing IFN-β at K228 and promoted its proteasomal degradation in immune cells. Moreover, Trim38 was highly induced by type I IFNs, which then negatively regulated TNF-α/IL-1β signaling in IFN-β–primed immune cells, but not unprimed immune cells, by mediating degradation of Tab2 in a lysosomal-dependent process. These results suggest that Trim38 negatively regulates TLR3/4-mediated innate immune and inflammatory responses by two sequential and distinct mechanisms. This study increases our understanding of how the innate immune response is initiated during the early phase of infection to defend against microbial invasion and is efficiently terminated during the late phase to prevent excessive and harmful inflammatory responses.
Validation of decisional balance inventory test in Italian: assessment of motivation in weight loss
Authors: Falchi Anna Giulia , Muggia Chiara , Grecchi Ilaria , Michelini Ilaria , De Silvestri Annalisa , Tinelli Carmine 
Published: September 2015

The decisional balance inventory (DBI) test is a valuable tool to assess motivation to change; we consider its application in enhancing motivation of losing weight. Our aim is the translation, cultural adaption and validation in Italian of this test originally designed and drafted in English. The questionnaire has been translated according to an <em>English</em> → <em>Italian</em> → <em>Italian</em> → <em>English</em> algorithm with reconciliation of the differences. Pilot study and retests were performed on 47 cases [body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m<sup>2</sup>] and 15 controls (BMI value between 18.5 and 25 kg/m<sup>2</sup>). The internal consistency of the Italian version of DBI test, was satisfied (Cronbach α 0.87 on patients); test-retest shows a good concordance in pilot [Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) 0.79; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.68-0.90] and in patient sample (Lin’s CCC 0.83; 95% CI: 0.67 0.99).Our study demonstrated the trans-cultural adaptation and validation of DBI test in Italian.
Is Assessment of Hyposalivation Important in Routine Dental Practice?
Authors: Kumar YS Prasanna , Sharma Vasudha , Somasundara Shweta Y , Bhat Padma K 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT
Saliva is a key element in oral homeostasis, oral function and maintenance of oral health. Dry mouth has multiple oral health consequences and affects quality of life. The incidence of dry mouth and its public health impact are increasing due to the aging population, the effects of some systemic diseases, and medical care and commonly prescribed medications that reduce saliva production. Chronic xerostomia can contribute to oral mucosal changes, increased coronal and root caries susceptibility, candidiasis, periodontal disease, partial loss of taste acuity, and difficulty in swallowing and functional prosthetic problems. Although, oral healthcare providers routinely obtain and document a patient's medical history, evaluating salivary gland function is not a common practice unless the patient is symptomatic. This review of literature highlights the importance of saliva, and the need to measure and document hyposalivation in routine dental practice.

How to cite this article
Sharma V, Somasundara SY, Kumar YSP, Bhat PK. Is Assessment of Hyposalivation Important in Routine Dental Practice? J Health Sci Res 2014;5(2):10-14.
Cardiac Tamponade in a Patient with Primary Hypothyroidism
Authors: Katyayini R , Chikkananjaiah R 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTHypothyroidism is a common disease with multisystem involvement. It may present clinically in various forms.Pericardial effusion (PE) is one of the cardiovascular manifestation.Pericardial effusion is the accumulation of fluid in the pericardial space. The occurrence of pericardial effusion in hypothyroidism appears to be frequent manifestation of severe myxedema, than in mild hypothyroidism. The incidence of pericardial effusion in hypothyroidism is 3 to 6%. However, the incidence of cardiac tamponade in patients with hypothyroidism is rare event. The slow accumulation of liquid in the pericardial space leads to the rarity of hemodynamic premonitory signs, even in presence of large effusions.In this article, we report an elderly female presented with features of hypothyroidism and pericardial effusion which rapidly developed into cardiac tamponade. She did not have premonitory hemodynamic signs.How to cite this articleKatyayini R, Rekha NH, Chikkananjaiah R. Cardiac Tamponade in a Patient with Primary Hypothyroidism. J Med Sci 2015;1(1):7-9.
Stroke in a Young Adult Secondary to Vitamin B12 Deficiency induced Hyperhomocysteinemia
Authors: Yashaswini LS , Patil Mamatha B 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTStroke in young adults is less frequent than in older population but has major impact on individual and society. Stroke in young justifies an extensive etiologic work up—both common and uncommon. Pernicious anemia is characterized by lack of intrinsic factor in gastric mucosa which is essential for absorption of vitamin B12. Deficiency of vitamin B12 contributes to hyperhomocysteinemia which promotes both arterial and venous thrombosis. We present a rare case of stroke in young adult caused by hyperhomocysteinemia secondary to vitamin B12 deficiency.How to cite this articleYashaswini LS, Patil MB. Stroke in a Young Adult Secondary to Vitamin B12 Deficiency induced Hyperhomocysteinemia. J Med Sci 2015;1(1):10-13.
Management of Breast Hypertrophy: our experience
Authors: Dhanraj Prema , Mahesh MS , Naveen N , Babu K Ramesh , Jade Rajashekar 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTBreast hypertrophy and sagging of the breast are two different benign disorders of breast that can occur during various stages of women's life from adolescence to menopause. A woman can seek a plastic surgeon for breast reduction for reasons both physical and psychological. Breast reduction surgery or reduction mammoplasty is a plastic surgical procedure by which the sizes of large breasts are reduced. During this procedure, excess skin, fat and breast tissue are removed. The procedure recreates a breast with the desired appearance, contour and volume. Breast lift operation/mastopexy is a procedure where only skin is removed with repositioning of the nipple higher on the chest wall and is the procedure of choice in small but sagging breast.We present a series of five cases, two presenting with virginal hypertrophy, one with gestational hypertrophy and other two with postmenopausal sagging and hypertrophy. Four patients underwent reduction mammoplasty and one patient underwent mastopexy. None of our patients complained of any problems and were satisfied with the results.How to cite this articleDhanraj P, Mahesh MS, Naveen N, Babu KR, Jade R. Management of Breast Hypertrophy: Our Experience. J Med Sci 2015;1(1):21-25.
“Another kind of clay”
Authors: Greve Julius 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAccording to Jay Ellis (2006), the discrepancy between human intention and nature's indifference is the “central problem” of Cormac McCarthy's Blood Meridian, Or the Evening Redness in the West (1985). It is formulated in an early passage on the novel's setting, the American Southwest: “[N]ot again in all the world's turning will there be terrains so wild and barbarous to try whether the stuff of creation may be shaped to man's will or whether his own heart is not another kind of clay” (McCarthy 4–5). While affirming Ellis's claim, this article reconsiders the ways in which the novel “answers” the question of ontological priority between man and nature, that is, product and productivity. The article's claim is that the philosophy of nature underlying the eminently metaphysical monologues of Judge Holden as well as the narrator's renderings of the barren landscape that John Joel Glanton's warring gang of scalp hunters traverses is that of the German nineteenth-century naturalist Lorenz Oken. Drawing on recent work put forward by the speculative realist philosopher Iain Hamilton Grant (2008), the article further argues that Oken's Elements of Physiophilosophy (1809–11) provides a fitting synthesis for Blood Meridian's “central problem.”
A comparison of two gluteus maximus EMG maximum voluntary isometric contraction positions
Authors: Contreras Bret , Vigotsky Andrew D. , Schoenfeld Brad J. , Beardsley Chris , Cronin John 
Published: September 2015

Background.The purpose of this study was to compare the peak electromyography (EMG) of the most commonly-used position in the literature, the prone bent-leg (90°) hip extension against manual resistance applied to the distal thigh (PRONE), to a novel position, the standing glute squeeze (SQUEEZE).Methods.Surface EMG electrodes were placed on the upper and lower gluteus maximus of thirteen recreationally active females (age = 28.9 years; height = 164 cm; body mass = 58.2 kg), before three maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) trials for each position were obtained in a randomized, counterbalanced fashion.Results.No statistically significant (p< 0.05) differences were observed between PRONE (upper: 91.94%; lower: 94.52%) and SQUEEZE (upper: 92.04%; lower: 85.12%) for both the upper and lower gluteus maximus. Neither the PRONE nor SQUEEZE was more effective between all subjects.Conclusions.In agreement with other studies, no single testing position is ideal for every participant. Therefore, it is recommended that investigators employ multiple MVIC positions, when possible, to ensure accuracy. Future research should investigate a variety of gluteus maximus MVIC positions in heterogeneous samples.
On the suitability of North Brazil Current transport estimates for monitoring basin‐scale AMOC changes
Authors: Rühs Siren , Getzlaff Klaus , Durgadoo Jonathan V. , Biastoch Arne , Böning Claus W. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe North Brazil Current (NBC) constitutes a bottleneck for the mean northward return flow of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) in the tropical South Atlantic. Previous studies suggested a link between interannual to multidecadal NBC and AMOC transport variability and proposed to use NBC observations as an index for the AMOC. Here we use a set of hindcast, sensitivity, and perturbation experiments performed within a hierarchy of ocean general circulation models to show that decadal to multidecadal buoyancy‐forced changes in the basin‐scale AMOC transport indeed manifest themselves in the NBC. The relation is, however, masked by a strong interannual to decadal wind‐driven gyre variability of the NBC. While questioning the NBC transport as a “direct” index for the AMOC, the results support its potential merit for an AMOC monitoring system, provided that the wind‐driven circulation variability is properly accounted for.
Iron supply and demand in an Antarctic shelf ecosystem
Authors: McGillicuddy D. J. , Sedwick P. N. , Dinniman M. S. , Arrigo K. R. , Bibby T. S. , Greenan B. J. W. , Hofmann E. E. , Klinck J. M. , Smith W. O. , Mack S. L. , Marsay C. M. , Sohst B. M. , van Dijken G. L. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe Ross Sea sustains a rich ecosystem and is the most productive sector of the Southern Ocean. Most of this production occurs within a polynya during the November–February period, when the availability of dissolved iron (dFe) is thought to exert the major control on phytoplankton growth. Here we combine new data on the distribution of dFe, high‐resolution model simulations of ice melt and regional circulation, and satellite‐based estimates of primary production to quantify iron supply and demand over the Ross Sea continental shelf. Our analysis suggests that the largest sources of dFe to the euphotic zone are wintertime mixing and melting sea ice, with a lesser input from intrusions of Circumpolar Deep Water and a small amount from melting glacial ice. Together these sources are in approximate balance with the annual biological dFe demand inferred from satellite‐based productivity algorithms, although both the supply and demand estimates have large uncertainties.
Effects of Saturn's magnetospheric dynamics on Titan's ionosphere
Authors: Edberg N. J. T. , Andrews D. J. , Bertucci C. , Gurnett D. A. , Holmberg M. K. G. , Jackman C. M , Kurth W. S. , Menietti J. D. , Opgenoorth H. J. , Shebanits O. , Vigren E. , Wahlund J.‐E. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWe use the Cassini Radio and Plasma Wave Science/Langmuir probe measurements of the electron density from the first 110 flybys of Titan to study how Saturn's magnetosphere influences Titan's ionosphere. The data is first corrected for biased sampling due to varying solar zenith angle and solar energy flux (solar cycle effects). We then present results showing that the electron density in Titan's ionosphere, in the altitude range 1600–2400 km, is increased by about a factor of 2.5 when Titan is located on the nightside of Saturn (Saturn local time (SLT) 21–03 h) compared to when on the dayside (SLT 09‐15 h). For lower altitudes (1100–1600 km) the main dividing factor for the ionospheric density is the ambient magnetospheric conditions. When Titan is located in the magnetospheric current sheet, the electron density in Titan's ionosphere is about a factor of 1.4 higher compared to when Titan is located in the magnetospheric lobes. The factor of 1.4 increase in between sheet and lobe flybys is interpreted as an effect of increased particle impact ionization from ∼200 eV sheet electrons. The factor of 2.5 increase in electron density between flybys on Saturn's nightside and dayside is suggested to be an effect of the pressure balance between thermal plus magnetic pressure in Titan's ionosphere against the dynamic pressure and energetic particle pressure in Saturn's magnetosphere.
Cosmic ray heliospheric transport study with neutron monitor data
Authors: Ahluwalia H. S. , Ygbuhay R. C. , Modzelewska R. , Dorman L. I. , Alania M. V. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractDetermining transport coefficients for galactic cosmic ray (GCR) propagation in the turbulent interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) poses a fundamental challenge in modeling cosmic ray modulation processes. GCR scattering in the solar wind involves wave‐particle interaction, the waves being Alfven waves which propagate along the ambient field (B). Empirical values at 1 AU are determined for the components of the diffusion tensor for GCR propagation in the heliosphere using neutron monitor (NM) data. At high rigidities, particle density gradients and mean free paths at 1 AU in B can only be computed from the solar diurnal anisotropy (SDA) represented by a vectorA (componentsAr,Aϕ, andAθ) in a heliospherical polar coordinate system. Long‐term changes in SDA components of NMs (with long track record and the median rigidity of responseRm ~ 20 GV) are used to compute yearly values of the transport coefficients for 1963–2013. We confirm the previously reported result that the product of the parallel (toB) mean free path (λ||) and radial density gradient (Gr) computed from NM data exhibits a weak Schwabe cycle (11y) but strong Hale magnetic cycle (22y) dependence. Its value is most depressed in solar activity minima for positive (p) polarity intervals (solar magnetic field in the Northern Hemisphere points outward from the Sun) when GCRs drift from the polar regions toward the helioequatorial plane and out along the heliospheric current sheet (HCS), setting up a symmetric gradientGθspointing away from HCS.Grdrives all SDA components andλ||Grcontributes to the diffusive component (Ad) of the ecliptic plane anisotropy (A). GCR transport is commonly discussed in terms of an isotropic hard sphere scattering (also known as billiard‐ball scattering) in the solar wind plasma. We use it with a flat HCS model and the Ahluwalia‐Dorman master equations to compute the coefficientsα(=λ⊥/λ∥) andωτ(a measure of turbulence in the solar wind) and transport parametersλ||,λ⊥,Gr,Gθs, and an asymmetric gradient Gθanormal to the ecliptic plane. We study their dependence on rigidity (R), p/n intervals, sunspot numbers (SSNs), and solar wind parameters at 1 AU.λ||exhibits a strong 22y dependence butGrdoes not, explaining solar polarity dependence ofλ||Gr. The computedGrvalues are an order of magnitude greater than those reported by our colleagues making an ad hoc assumption thatαis low (0.01). At high rigidities, the drift contribution at 1 AU is small and unsteady. A new methodology is outlined to compute yearly GCR north‐south anisotropy (Aθ) from the data for a single detector sorted for p/n intervals. We show that Gθais the main contributor toAθin the steady state, and Gθais shown not correlated with the north‐south excess SSNs.
α‐Hydroxyboronate Esters: Formation and Synthetic Applications
Authors: Clark Timothy B. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe synthesis of α‐oxyboronate esters by the copper‐catalyzed diboration of carbonyls provides a facile method to access these versatile intermediates. The evolution of diboration conditions and approaches to allow the isolation of products derived from α‐hydroxyboronate esters is discussed. Both experimental and computational evidence for the mechanism of the copper‐catalyzed diboration reaction distinguishes the potential pathways of the key migratory insertion of the carbonyl into the copper–boron bond. α‐Hydroxyboronate esters and their derivatives have been used in a number of synthetic transformations, including homologation, coupling, and elimination reactions.
Rabbit syndrome after taking herbicide containing 2‐(4‐chloro2‐methylphenoxypropionic) acid
Authors: Kitamoto Takeshi , Kamijo Yoshito 
Published: September 2015

CaseA 48‐year‐old woman attempted to commit suicide by ingesting a herbicide containing 4‐chloro‐2‐methylphenoxypropionic acid. She was transferred to the emergency center. During this time, involuntary movements of her lips at approximately 5 Hz were observed, mimicking the chewing movements of a rabbit.OutcomeThe symptom resolved in concert with the decrease in her blood concentration of the herbicide.ConclusionIt was suspected that the ingestion of 4‐chloro‐2‐methylphenoxypropionic acid may have been associated with development of the rabbit syndrome.
Highly Regio‐, Diastereo‐, and Enantioselective Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Annulations with N‐Allenamides at the Proximal CC Bond
Authors: Wang Yidong , Zhang Peichao , Qian Deyun , Zhang Junliang 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA highly enantioselective gold(I)‐catalyzed intermolecular annulation of 2‐(1‐alkynyl)‐2‐alken‐1‐ones with N‐allenamides is presented. The present work represents the first example of a gold‐catalyzed annulation with the proximal CC bond of an N‐allenamide, and is distinctly different from the previously observed annulations at the distal CC bond. Interestingly, both enantiomers of the products could be obtained in good yields with high regio‐, diastereo‐, and enantioselectivity by using either diastereomer of a binol‐derived phosphoramidite as a chiral ligand.
Trimethylaluminum: Bonding by Charge and Current Topology
Authors: Stammler Hans‐Georg , Blomeyer Sebastian , Berger Raphael J. F. , Mitzel Norbert W. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe charge density distribution of the trimethylaluminum dimer was determined by high‐angle X‐ray diffraction of a single crystal and quantum‐chemical methods and analyzed using the quantum theory of atoms in molecules. The data can be interpreted as Al2Me6being predominantly ionically bonded, with clear indications of topological asymmetry for the bridging AlC bonds owing to delocalized multicenter bonding. This interpretation is supported by the calculated magnetic response currents. The data shed new light on the bonding situation in this basic organometallic molecule, which was previously described by contradicting interpretations of bonding.
Molecular Determinants for Protein Stabilization by Insertional Fusion to a Thermophilic Host Protein
Authors: Pierre Brennal , Labonte Jason W. , Xiong Tina , Aoraha Edwin , Williams Asher , Shah Vandan , Chau Edward , Helal Kazi Yasin , Gray Jeffrey J. , Kim Jin Ryoun 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA universal method that improves protein stability and evolution has thus far eluded discovery. Recently, however, studies have shown that insertional fusion to a protein chaperone stabilized various target proteins with minimal negative effects. The improved stability was derived from insertion into a hyperthermophilic protein, Pyrococcus furiosus maltodextrin‐binding protein (PfMBP), rather than from changes to the target protein sequence. In this report, by evaluating the thermodynamic and kinetic stability of various inserted β‐lactamase (BLA) homologues, we were able to examine the molecular determinants of stability realized by insertional fusion to PfMBP. Results indicated that enhanced stability and suppressed aggregation of BLA stemmed from enthalpic and entropic mechanisms. This report also suggests that insertional fusion to a stable protein scaffold has the potential to be a useful method for improving protein stability, as well as functional protein evolution.
Structural Optimizations of U‐ and Z‐Type Manifolds for Uniform Flow Distribution by Applying an Increaser and Baffle Plates
Authors: Xie Junliang , Shao Yong , Xu Yumei , Yang Jian , Zhang Shuwen 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBased on previous experiments for U‐ and Z‐type manifolds, numerical models were established; then, investigations were conducted on the effect of the optimized designs on the flow distribution. An increaser and baffle plates were attached to the distribution header for the U‐ and Z‐type manifolds, respectively, considering various configurations and sizes. The results indicate that an increaser could markedly reduce the non‐uniformity with a simultaneous decrease of the pressure drop, and baffle plates could also drastically improve the flow distribution, but at the cost of a slight pressure drop increase. By comprehensively applying an increaser and baffle plates in the Z‐type manifold, this adverse effect could be eliminated.
Progress toward Electrochemistry Intensified by using Supergravity Fields
Authors: Wang Mingyong , Wang Zhi , Gong Xuzhong , Guo Zhancheng 
Published: September 2015

AbstractSupergravity fields with high gravity acceleration can promote interphase ship velocity and convection velocity. Over the past decade, research has been devoted to enhancing electrochemical reactions by using supergravity fields. The enhancement of electrochemical reactions is ascribed to the acceleration of mass transfer and bubble separation. In this Minireview, the intensification kinetics of a supergravity field on mass transfer and bubble separation during electrochemical reactions are analyzed theoretically. The progress in terms the enhancement of electrochemical reactions (such as metal electrodeposition, water electrolysis, and chloralkali electrolysis) under a supergravity field is reviewed. The structures and properties of functional films electrodeposited under a supergravity field on both the cathode and the anode are summarized. The Minireview is helpful to understand the effect of the mechanism of the supergravity field on electrochemical reactions and to expand potential applications.