bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating the avoidable burden of certain modifiable risk factors in osteoporotic hip fracture using Generalized Impact Fraction (GIF) model in Iran
Authors: Shahnazari Banafsheh , Keshtkar Abbasali , Soltani Akbar , Aghamaleki Aria , Mansour Asieh , Matin Bahar , Saghafi Sharareh , Dini Mahboubeh , Khashayar Patricia , Larijani Bagher 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Backgrounds
The number of hip fractures, the most common complication of osteoporosis, has increased rapidly over the past decades. The goal of this study is to estimate the avoidable burden of certain modifiable risk factor of the condition using the Generalized Impact Fraction (GIF) model, which has been suggested and used by epidemiologists to overcome the drawbacks associated with the use of Attributable Fraction index. In addition to preventing a risk factor or the avoidable fraction of burden, this index can also calculate the change in the burden, when a risk factor is altered.

Methods
International databases were searched through PubMed, CINAHLD, Embase using OVID and Google scholar. National resources were searched through IranDoc, IranMedex, SID and Journal sites. Other resources include abstract books and articles sent to the IOF congress. The following search strategy was used: (“Osteoporotic fracture” OR “Fragility Hip fracture” OR “Calcium” OR “vitamin D” OR “BMI” OR “lean body weight” OR “Physical activity” OR “exercise” OR “Smoke”) AND (“prevalence” OR “incidence” OR “relative risk”) and limited to “humans.”

Results
With regards to different scenarios already explained in modifying the studied risk factors, the greatest impact in reducing the prevalence of risk factors on osteoporotic hip fractures, was seen in low serum vitamin D levels, low physical activity and low intake of calcium and vitamin D, respectively. According to the fact that interventions for low serum vitamin D and low intake of calcium and vitamin D, are related to each other, it can be concluded that implementing interventions to change these two risk factors, in the easy, moderate and difficult scenarios, would result in approximately a 5%, 11% and 17% decrease in the burden of osteoporotic hip fractures, respectively. The addition of interventions addressing low physical activity in the easy, moderate and difficult scenarios, an 8%, 21% and 35% reduction in the burden of osteoporotic hip fractures would be reported, respectively.

Conclusion
Improving serum vitamin D levels, recommending the consumption of calcium and vitamin D supplementations and advocating physical activity are the most effective interventions to reduce the risk of osteoporotic hip fractures.
Unilateral and Bilateral Adrenalectomy for Pheochromocytoma Requires Adjustment of Urinary and Plasma Metanephrine Reference Ranges
Authors: Osinga Thamara E. , van den Eijnden Maartje H. A. , Kema Ido P. , Kerstens Michiel N. , Dullaart Robin P. F. , de Jong Wilhelmina H. A. , Sluiter Wim J. , Links Thera P. , van der Horst-Schrivers Anouk N. A. 
Published: January 2013

Context:Follow-up after adrenalectomy for pheochromocytoma is recommended because of a recurrence risk. During follow-up, plasma and/or urinary metanephrine (MN) and normetanephrine (NMN) are interpreted using reference ranges obtained in healthy subjects.Objective:Because adrenalectomy may decrease epinephrine production, we compared MN and NMN concentrations in patients after adrenalectomy to concentrations in a healthy reference population.Design:A single-center cohort study was performed in pheochromocytoma patients after adrenalectomy between 1980 and 2011.Subjects:Seventy patients after unilateral and 24 after bilateral adrenalectomy were included.Main Outcome Measures:Plasma-free and urinary-deconjugated MN and NMN determined at 3 to 6 months and annually until 5 years after adrenalectomy were compared with concentrations in a reference population. Data are presented in median (interquartile range).Results:Urinary and plasma MN concentrations 3 to 6 months after unilateral adrenalectomy were lower compared with the reference population (39 [31–53] μmol/mol creatinine and 0.14 [0.09–0.18] nmol/L vs 61 [49–74] μmol/mol creatinine and 0.18 [0.13–0.23] nmol/L, respectively, both P &lt; .05). Urinary MN after bilateral adrenalectomy was reduced even further (7 [1–22] μmol/mol creatinine; P &lt; .05). Urinary and plasma NMN were higher after unilateral adrenalectomy (151 [117–189] μmol/mol creatinine and 0.78 [0.59–1.00] nmol/L vs 114 [98–176] μmol/mol creatinine and 0.53 [0.41–0.70] nmol/L; both P &lt; .05). Urinary NMN after bilateral adrenalectomy was higher (177 [106–238] μmol/mol creatinine; P &lt; .05). Changes in urinary and plasma MNs persisted during follow-up.Conclusion:Concentrations of MN are decreased, whereas NMN concentrations are increased after unilateral and bilateral adrenalectomy. Adjusted reference values for MN and NMN are needed in the postsurgical follow-up of pheochromocytoma patients.
Collision-avoidance behaviors of minimally restrained flying locusts to looming stimuli
Authors: Chan R. WM. , Gabbiani F. 
Published: January 2013

SUMMARYVisually guided collision avoidance is of paramount importance in flight, for instance to allow escape from potential predators. Yet, little is known about the types of collision-avoidance behaviors that may be generated by flying animals in response to an impending visual threat. We studied the behavior of minimally restrained locusts flying in a wind tunnel as they were subjected to looming stimuli presented to the side of the animal, simulating the approach of an object on a collision course. Using high-speed movie recordings, we observed a wide variety of collision-avoidance behaviors including climbs and dives away from – but also towards – the stimulus. In a more restrained setting, we were able to relate kinematic parameters of the flapping wings with yaw changes in the trajectory of the animal. Asymmetric wing flapping was most strongly correlated with changes in yaw, but we also observed a substantial effect of wing deformations. Additionally, the effect of wing deformations on yaw was relatively independent of that of wing asymmetries. Thus, flying locusts exhibit a rich range of collision-avoidance behaviors that depend on several distinct aerodynamic characteristics of wing flapping flight.
Ten-year results of the Press Fit Condylar Sigma total knee replacement
Authors: Arthur C. H. C. , Wood A. M. , Keenan A. C. M. , Clayton R. A. E. , Walmsley P. , Brenkel I. 
Published: January 2013

We report ten-year clinical and radiological follow-up data for the Sigma Press Fit Condylar total knee replacement system (Sigma PFC TKR). Between October 1998 and October 1999 a total of 235 consecutive PFC Sigma TKRs were carried out in 203 patients. Patients were seen at a specialist nurse-led clinic seven to ten days before admission and at six and 18 months, three, five and eight to ten years after surgery. Data were recorded prospectively at each clinic visit. Radiographs were obtained at the five- and eight- to ten-year follow-up appointments. Of the 203 patients, 147 (171 knees) were alive at ten years and 12 were lost to follow-up. A total of eight knees (3.4%) were revised, five for infection and three to change the polyethylene insert. The survival at ten years with an endpoint of revision for any reason was 95.9%, and with an endpoint of revision for aseptic failure was 98.7%. The mean American Knee Society Score (AKSS) was 79 (10 to 99) at eight to ten years, compared with 31 (2 to 62) pre-operatively. Of 109 knee with radiographs reviewed, 47 knees had radiolucent lines but none showed evidence of loosening.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:177–80.
Outpatient taping in the treatment of idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus
Authors: Singh A. K. , Roshan A. , Ram S. 
Published: January 2013

The Ponseti and French taping methods have reduced the incidence of major surgery in congenital idiopathic clubfoot but incur a significant burden of care, including heel-cord tenotomy. We developed a non-operative regime to reduce treatment intensity without affecting outcome. We treated 402 primary idiopathic clubfeet in patients aged < three months who presented between September 1991 and August 2008. Their Harrold and Walker grades were 6.0% mild, 25.6% moderate and 68.4% severe. All underwent a dynamic outpatient taping regime over five weeks based on Ponseti manipulation, modified Jones strapping and home exercises. Feet with residual equinus (six feet, 1.5%) or relapse within six months (83 feet, 20.9%) underwent one to three additional tapings. Correction was maintained with below-knee splints, exercises and shoes. The clinical outcome at three years of age (385 feet, 95.8% follow-up) showed that taping alone corrected 357 feet (92.7%, ‘good’). Late relapses or failure of taping required limited posterior release in 20 feet (5.2%, ‘fair’) or posteromedial release in eight feet (2.1%, ‘poor’). The long-term (> 10 years) outcomes in 44 feet (23.8% follow-up) were assessed by the Laaveg–Ponseti method as excellent (23 feet, 52.3%), good (17 feet, 38.6%), fair (three feet, 6.8%) or poor (one foot, 2.3%). These compare favourably with published long-term results of the Ponseti or French methods. This dynamic taping regime is a simple non-operative method that delivers improved medium-term and promising long-term results. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:271–8.
A survey of instructions to authors in surgical journals on reporting by CONSORT and PRISMA
Authors: Shantikumar S , Wigley J , Hameed W , Handa A 
Published: January 2013

INTRODUCTION Guidance has been published on how best to report randomised controlled trials (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials – CONSORT) and systematic reviews (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses – PRISMA). The aim of this study was to establish to what extent surgical journals formally endorse CONSORT and PRISMA in the respective reporting of randomised controlled trials and systematic reviews. METHODS Overall, 136 surgical journals indexed in Journal Citation Reports® were studied. Author guidelines were scrutinised for the following guidance: conflict of interests (COI), the Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts (URM), clinical trial registration, CONSORT and PRISMA. RESULTS The frequency of guidance endorsement was found to be as follows: COI 82%, URM 62%, trial registration 32%, CONSORT 29% and PRISMA 10%. Journals with a higher impact were more likely to adopt trial registration, CONSORT and PRISMA. Journals with editorial offices in the UK were more likely to insist on disclosure of COI and to endorse CONSORT. CONCLUSIONS Guidelines produced to improve publication practice have not been implemented widely by surgical journals. This may contribute to an overall poorer quality of published research. Editors of surgical journals should uniformly endorse reporting guidance and update their instructions to authors to reflect this.
Geometric Light Trapping in 2D and 3D Structured Small Molecule Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Soldera Marcos , Estrada Emiliano , Taretto Kurt 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTDespite organic solar cells have recently shown remarkable high power conversion efficiencies approaching 10%, further improvements are required to provide a low-cost alternative to inorganic photovoltaics. Optical losses related to insufficient light trapping and parasitic absorption of the contact layers limit drastically the photocurrent delivered by the cells. Textured surfaces, such as V-grooves (2D) and pyramids (3D), can provide better light coupling into the conformally deposited solar cells. In this work, we analyze the enhancement in light absorption in textured solar cells based on copper phtalocyanine (CuPc) and fullerene (C60) on the micro- and submicroscale. The analysis is carried out with the aid of the finite element method in 2D and 3D, taking into account interference as well as reflection and refraction of the incident AM1.5G spectrum. The results show that both type of structured cells perform better than planar cells reaching up to 23% improvement in maximum photocurrent for normal incidence. We also explore the lateral inhomogeneities of the generation rate within the active layers and their potential effect on the exciton collection efficiency.
Three-Dimensional Assessment of Facial Appearance following Surgical Repair of Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Bell Aileen , Lo Tsz-Wai Rachel , Brown Denise , Bowman Adrian W. , Siebert J. Paul , Simmons David R. , Millett Declan T. , Ayoub Ashraf F. 
Published: January 2013

Background and Objective Objective assessment of postsurgical facial asymmetry can be difficult, but three-dimensional (3D) imaging techniques have made this possible. The objective of this study was to assess residual asymmetry in surgically repaired unilateral cleft lip (UCL) and unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) patients and to compare this with noncleft controls. Design Retrospective multicohort comparative study. Patients and Methods Fifty-one 10-year-old children with surgically managed UCLP and 44 children with UCL were compared with a control group of 68 ten-year-olds. The 3D facial models at rest and with maximum smile were created using a 3D imaging system. Asymmetry scores were produced using both anatomical landmarks and a novel method of facial curve analysis. Results Asymmetry for the whole face was significantly higher in both cleft groups compared with controls ( P < .001). UCLP asymmetry was higher than UCL ( P < .001). In cleft patients, the upper lip and nasal rim were the most asymmetric ( P < .001 to .05). Control subjects also displayed a degree of facial asymmetry. Maximum smile did not significantly affect the symmetry of the whole face, but it increased asymmetry of the vermillion border and nasal rim in all three groups ( P < .001). Conclusions Despite surgical intervention at an early age, asymmetry remains significant in cleft patients at 10 years of age. Three-dimensional imaging is a noninvasive objective assessment tool that identifies specific areas of the face responsible for asymmetry. Facial curve analysis describes the face more comprehensively and characterizes soft tissue contours.
A Study to Evaluate the Cause of Bone Demineralization in Gynecological Cancer Survivors
Authors: Stavraka Chara , Maclaran Kate , Gabra Hani , Agarwal Roshan , Ghaem-Maghami Sadaf , Taylor Alexandra , Dhillo Waljit S. , Panay Nick , Blagden Sarah P. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Learning Objectives
Describe the potential contributors to bone demineralization in patients receiving systematic treatment for gynecological malignancies. Define what is meant by “osteopenia” and “osteoporosis” and describe their relevance to fracture risk. Explain the importance of preventing and managing bone mineral loss and its complications in gynecological cancer survivors.

Background.
An association between treatment for gynecological cancers and risk of osteoporosis has never been formally evaluated. Women treated for these cancers are now living longer than ever before, and prevention of treatment-induced morbidities is important. We aimed to distinguish, in gynecological cancer survivors, whether cancer therapy has additional detrimental effects on bone health above those attributable to hormone withdrawal.

Methods.
We performed a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan results from 105 women; 64 had undergone bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO) followed by chemotherapy or radiotherapy for gynecological malignancies, and 41 age-matched women had undergone BSO for benign etiologies. All were premenopausal prior to surgery.

Results.
The median age at DEXA scan for the cancer group was 42 years, and 66% had received hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) following their cancer treatment. For the benign group, the median age was 40 years, and 87% had received HRT. Thirty-nine percent of cancer survivors had abnormal DEXA scan results compared to 15% of the control group, with the majority demonstrating osteopenia. The mean lumbar spine and femoral neck bone mineral densities (BMDs) were significantly lower in cancer patients. A history of gynecological cancer treatment was associated with significantly lower BMD in a multivariate logistic regression.

Conclusions.
Women treated for gynecological malignancies with surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy have significantly lower BMDs than age-matched women who have undergone oophorectomy for noncancer indications. Prospective evaluation of BMD in gynecological cancer patients is recommended to facilitate interventions that will reduce the risk of subsequent fragility fractures.
Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial Evaluating Connective Tissue Graft Plus Resin‐Modified Glass Ionomer Restoration for the Treatment of Gingival Recession Associated With Non‐Carious Cervical Lesion: 2‐Year Follow‐Up
Authors: Santamaria Mauro Pedrine , da Silva Feitosa Daniela , Casati Marcio Zaffalon , Nociti Francisco Humberto , Sallum Antônio Wilson , Sallum Enilson Antônio 
Published: January 2013

Background: The aim of this clinical study is to evaluate the 2‐year term results of gingival recession (GR) associated with non‐carious cervical lesions (NCCLs) treated by connective tissue graft (CTG) alone or in combination with a resin‐modified glass ionomer restoration (CTG+R).Methods: Thirty‐six patients with Miller Class I buccal GR associated with NCCLs completed the follow‐up. The defects were randomly assigned to receive either CTG or CTG+R. Bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), relative GR, clinical attachment level (CAL), and cervical lesion height coverage were measured at baseline, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years after treatment.Results: Both groups showed statistically significant gains in CAL and soft‐tissue coverage. The differences between groups were not statistically significant in BOP, PD, relative GR, or CAL after 2 years. Cervical lesion height coverage was 79.31% ± 18.51% for CTG and 71.95% ± 13.25% for CTG+R (P >0.05). Estimated root coverage was 91.56% ± 11.74% for CTG and 93.29% ± 7.97% for CTG+R (P >0.05).Conclusions: Within the limits of the present study, it can be concluded that both procedures provide comparable soft tissue coverage after 2 years of follow‐up.
Antinociceptive effects of tramadol hydrochloride after intravenous administration to Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis)
Authors: Geelen Saskia , Guzman David Sanchez-Migallon , Souza Marcy J. , Cox Sherry , Keuler Nicholas S. , Paul-Murphy Joanne R. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Objective—To determine the antinociceptive and sedative effects of tramadol in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis) following IV administration.
Animals—11 healthy Hispaniolan Amazon parrots of unknown sex.
Procedures—Tramadol hydrochloride (5 mg/kg, IV) and an equivalent volume (≤ 0.34 mL) of saline (0.9% NaCl) solution were administered to parrots in a complete crossover study design. Foot withdrawal response to a thermal stimulus was determined 30 to 60 minutes before (baseline) and 15, 30, 60, 120, and 240 minutes after treatment administration; agitation-sedation scores were determined for parrots at each of those times.
Results—The estimated mean changes in temperature from the baseline value that elicited a foot withdrawal response were 1.65° and −1.08°C after administration of tramadol and saline solution, respectively. Temperatures at which a foot withdrawal response was elicited were significantly higher than baseline values at all 5 evaluation times after administration of tramadol and were significantly lower than baseline values at 30, 120, and 240 minutes after administration of saline solution. No sedation, agitation, or other adverse effects were observed in any of the parrots after administration of tramadol.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Tramadol hydrochloride (5 mg/kg, IV) significantly increased the thermal nociception threshold for Hispaniolan Amazon parrots in the present study. Sedation and adverse effects were not observed. These results are consistent with results of other studies in which the antinociceptive effects of tramadol after oral administration to parrots were determined.
Expression of matrix metalloproteinases, their inhibitors, and lysyl oxidase in myocardial samples from dogs with end-stage systemic and cardiac diseases
Authors: Fonfara Sonja , Hetzel Udo , Tew Simon R. , Cripps Peter , Dukes-McEwan Joanna , Clegg Peter D. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Objective—To compare the degree of mRNA expression for matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), tissue inhibitors (TIMPs), and lysyl oxidase in myocardial samples from dogs with cardiac and systemic diseases and from healthy control dogs.
Sample—Myocardial samples from the atria, ventricles, and septum of 8 control dogs, 6 dogs with systemic diseases, 4 dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), and 5 dogs with other cardiac diseases.
Procedures—Degrees of mRNA expression for MMP-1, -2, -3, -9, and -13; TIMP-1, -2, -3, and -4; and lysyl oxidase were measured via quantitative real-time PCR assay. Histologic examination of the hearts was performed to identify pathological changes.
Results—In myocardial samples from control dogs, only TIMP-3 and TIMP-4 mRNA expression was detected, with a significantly higher degree in male versus female dogs. In dogs with systemic and cardiac diseases, all investigated markers were expressed, with a significantly higher degree of mRNA expression than in control dogs. Furthermore, the degree of expression for MMP-2, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 was significantly higher in dogs with DCM than in dogs with systemic diseases and cardiac diseases other than DCM. Expression was generally greater in atrial than in ventricular tissue for MMP-2, MMP-13, and lysyl oxidase in samples from dogs with atrial fibrillation.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Degrees of myocardial MMP, TIMP, and lysyl oxidase mRNA expression were higher in dogs with cardiac and systemic diseases than in healthy dogs, suggesting that expression of these markers is a nonspecific consequence of end-stage diseases. Selective differences in the expression of some markers may reflect specific pathogenic mechanisms and may play a role in disease progression, morbidity and mortality rates, and treatment response.