bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The stream-based service-centred calculus: a foundation for service-oriented programming
Authors: Cruz-Filipe Luís , Lanese Ivan , Martins Francisco , Ravara António , Thudichum Vasconcelos Vasco 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
We give a formal account of stream-based, service-centered calculus (SSCC), a calculus for modelling service-based systems, suitable to describe both service composition (orchestration) and the protocols that services follow when invoked (conversation). The calculus includes primitives for defining and invoking services, for isolating conversations (called sessions) among clients and servers, and for orchestrating services. The calculus is equipped with a reduction and a labelled transition semantics related by an equivalence result. SSCC provides a good trade-off between expressive power for modelling and simplicity for analysis. We assess the expressive power by modelling van der Aalst workflow patterns and an automotive case study from the European project Sensoria. For analysis, we present a simple type system ensuring compatibility of client and service protocols. We also study the behavioural theory of the calculus, highlighting some axioms that capture the behaviour of the different primitives. As a final application of the theory, we define and prove correct some program transformations. These allow to start modelling a system from a typical UML Sequence Diagram, and then transform the specification to match the service-oriented programming style, thus simplifying its implementation using web services technology.
Corporate Constructed and Dissent Enabling Public Spheres: Differentiating Dissensual from Consensual Corporate Social Responsibility
Authors: Whelan Glen 
Published: August 2013

AbstractI here distinguish dissensual from consensual corporate social responsibility (CSR) on the grounds that the former is more concerned to organize (or portray) corporate-civil society disagreement than it is corporate-civil society agreement. In doing so, I first conceive of consensual CSR, and identify a positive and negative view thereof. Second, I conceive of dissensual CSR, and suggest that it can be actualized through the construction of dissent enabling, rather than consent-oriented, public spheres. Following this, I describe four actor-centred institutional theories—i.e. a sociological, ethical, transformative and economic perspective, respectively—and suggest that an economic perspective is generally well suited to explaining CSR activities at the organizational level. Accordingly, I then use the economic perspective to analyse a dissent enabling public sphere that Shell has constructed, and within which Greenpeace participated. In particular, I explain Shell’s employment of dissensual CSR in terms of their core business interests; and identify some potential implications thereof for Shell, Greenpeace, and society more generally. In concluding, I highlight a number of ways in which the present paper can inform future research on business and society interactions.
Variability of Phytosterols in Jatropha curcas Germplasm
Authors: Corzo‐Valladares Pablo A. , Fernández‐Cuesta Álvaro , Fernández‐Martínez José M. , Velasco Leonardo 
Published: August 2013

AbstractJatropha curcas L. has great potential for biofuel and phytosterol production. The objective of this research was to evaluate G × E variability for kernel phytosterol content and composition in Jatropha germplasm. Freshly matured seeds from 21 accessions grown in Málaga, Spain were collected at two stages of development. Significant genetic variation was detected for total kernel phytosterol content, which ranged from 2,246 to 2,883 mg kg−1; and stigmasterol concentration, which ranged from 7.6 to 11.5 % of the total phytosterols. An accession with 9.2 % Δ5‐avenasterol was also identified. The coefficient of variation for kernel phytosterol content and stigmasterol concentration was 6.2 and 14.0 % respectively between accessions and 7.2 and 10.2 % respectively within accessions. Accordingly, evaluation of plant to plant variation is advisable. The existence of variability for kernel phytosterol content and composition in Jatropha will enable breeding for enhanced levels of these compounds.
Politiques foncières et autochtonie au Cameroun
Authors: Ngando Sandjè Rodrigue 
Published: August 2013

Résumé
Le paysage sociopolitique du Cameroun actuel s’avère lié aux manœuvres instituées par la Conférence internationale de Berlin (1884–1885). La présente étude a pour objet de contribuer à la mise en perspective des trajectoires du « brouillage identitaire » que l’on présente souvent, à raison ou à tort, comme un repère de l’inapplicabilité du droit international des minorités et autochtones au Cameroun. On découvre, d’une part, que l’Acte de Berlin a consisté en une modification profonde de la civilité des peuples du Cameroun par la légitimation de certaines pratiques non conventionnelles telles que l’expropriation et la déportation. Ces dernières, au moyen de la déterritorialisation des groupes, a participé à leur déracinement et à l’aliénation de leur identité de natif. D’autre part, malgré une timide prise de conscience, les autorités publiques nationales du Cameroun indépendant n’ont pas su (ou n’ont pas voulu) réparer les injustices subies. L’affirmation du droit moderne au détriment du système coutumier semble avoir contribué à prolonger la politique de déconstruction identitaire entamée à l’époque coloniale. Somme toute, la question foncière au Cameroun peut être considérée comme le ferment de l’impératif de la prise en charge des minorités et notamment des peuples autochtones, et non le contraire.
INTELLIGENCE AND LLOYD GEORGE'S SECRET DIPLOMACY IN THE NEAR EAST, 1920–1922
Authors: MACARTHUR-SEAL DANIEL-JOSEPH 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTThe article seeks to establish the signiﬁcance of intercepted Greek diplomatic messages as both historical source and catalyst in Britain's Near Eastern policy in the crucial years of 1920–2. Speciﬁcally, the intercepts reveal how members of the British government, foremost among them the prime minister, covertly supported Greek expansion in Asia Minor even after declaring neutrality in the conﬂict. Such evidence conﬁrms rumours that were dismissed as fallacious by those implicated and by their defenders in later historiography. Aside from their value as historical sources, the intercepts had an immediate and significant impact which has also been neglected. Intelligence regarding a distant conﬂict became central to a war at the heart of Westminster and helped mobilize a cross-party, transnational coalition against Lloyd George's foreign policy in the region. Although Lloyd George's opponents, incited by intelligence revelations, eventually succeeded in transforming British policy, this reverse did little to reduce the scale of the resultant catastrophe.
GASTRO-COSMOPOLITANISM AND THE RESTAURANT IN LATE VICTORIAN AND EDWARDIAN LONDON
Authors: ASSAEL BRENDA 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTThis article argues that the restaurant offers a useful site for mapping patterns of transnational and global exchange within late Victorian and Edwardian London. The dramatic expansion of public eating in this period was met in part by foreign-born entrepreneurs, and wait and kitchen staff drawn from a genuinely international labour market. Londoners and visitors to the metropolis were exposed to a variety of new, often hybrid, culinary cultures, which call into question simplistic binaries between Britain and the world beyond. The simultaneous presence in London's restaurant scene of French menus, Indian dishes, Italian cooks, German waiters, and Chinese and American diners reveals the complexity of the relationship between populations and places. London's ‘gastro-cosmopolitan’ culture reveals not merely the extent to which Britain's imperial metropolis was exposed to transnational forces, but that these influences were genuinely global and not confined to Britain's formal empire. London's cosmopolitan dining culture suggests that historians might be advised to move beyond the tropes of danger and anxiety when discussing late nineteenth-century London, and do more to acknowledge a range of responses – attraction and pleasure included – which more accurately reflected the metropolitan experience.
DONALD DAVIDSON AND THE ANALYTIC REVOLUTION IN AMERICAN PHILOSOPHY, 1940–1970
Authors: ISAAC JOEL 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTHistories of analytic philosophy in the United States have typically focused on the reception of logical positivism, and especially on responses to the work of the Vienna Circle. Such accounts often call attention to the purportedly positivist-inspired marginalization of normative concerns in American philosophy: according to this story, the overweening positivist concern for logic and physics as paradigms of knowledge displaced questions of value and social relations. This article argues that the reception framework encourages us to mistake the real sources of the analytic revolution in post-war philosophy. These are to be found in debates about intentional action and practical reasoning – debates in which ‘normative’ questions of value and social action were in fact central. Discussion of these topics took place within a transatlantic community of Wittgensteinians, ordinary languages philosophers, logical empiricists, and decision theorists. These different strands of ‘analytical’ thinking were bound together into a new philosophical mainstream not by a positivist alliance with logic and physics, but by the rapid development of the mathematical and behavioural sciences during the Second World War and its immediate aftermath. An illustrative application of this new framework for interpreting the analytic revolution is found in the early career and writings of Donald Davidson.
THE FISCAL STATE IN IRELAND, 1691–1769
Authors: WALSH PATRICK A. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTThis article examines the Irish fiscal-military state in the eighteenth century. It locates the Irish state within a broader imperial context showing how Ireland contributed to the wider British imperial project. In particular, this article looks at the development of an efficient tax-gathering apparatus, showing how the revenue board, the most pervasive agency of the eighteenth-century Irish state, extracted increasing levels of taxation from a sometimes hostile population. Drawing extensively on the records of the Irish revenue commissioners, a very rich if under utilized source, it demonstrates for the first time the levels of taxation raised in Ireland, while also exploring how these taxes were collected. It concludes that this period saw the expansion of an increasingly professional bureaucracy, challenging existing interpretations that have focused predominantly on politicization. The final section looks at issues of evasion and compliance, showing the difficulties faced by the Irish state in this period, as it expanded deeper into Irish society.
A WHIPPER WHIPPED: THE SEDITION OF WILLIAM PRYNNE
Authors: KISHLANSKY MARK 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACT‘A whipper whipped’ is a thoroughly new account of the 1634 Star Chamber case against William Prynne for publishing the seditious work Histrio-mastix. It is based upon a hitherto unused manuscript account that provides previously undisclosed information about the proceedings and especially about the intentions of the prosecution. This case is one of the most celebrated events of the 1630s, often viewed as the watershed event in the history of Caroline censorship. It has also become a prime example of Archbishop William Laud's attack against puritan conformists. This article argues that Laud played little role in the case; that the issue before Star Chamber was primarily the charge of sedition; and that Prynne received every possible legal advantage during his hearing. Through a careful reconstruction of the legal proceedings, the case is seen in an entirely new light. Though historians and literary critics have accepted Prynne's self-serving accounts of his prosecution, this fuller record demonstrates their inadequacy.
PLURALISM, THE PEOPLE, AND TIME IN LABOUR PARTY HISTORY, 1931–1964
Authors: NUTTALL JEREMY 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTObserving the increasing, yet still partial exploration of pluralism, complexity and multiplicity in recent Labour party historiography, this article pursues a pluralist approach to Labour on two central, related themes of its middle-century evolution. First, it probes the plurality of Labour's different conceptions of time, specifically how it lived with the ambiguity of simultaneously viewing social progress as both immediate and rapidly achievable, yet also long term and strewn with constraints. This co-existence of multiple time-frames highlights the party's uncertainty and ideological multi-dimensionality, especially in its focus both on relatively rapid economic or structural transformation, and on much more slow-moving cultural, ethical, and educational change. It also complicates neat characterizations of particular phases in the party's history, challenging straightforwardly declinist views of the post-1945–51 period. Secondly, time connects to Labour's view of the people. Whilst historians have debated between positive and negative perceptions of the people, here the plural, split mind of Labour about the progressive potential of the citizenry is stressed, one closely intertwined with its multiple outlook on how long socialism would take. Contrasts are also suggested between the time-frames and expectations under which Labour and the Conservatives operated.
PROBATION OFFICERS, SOCIAL ENQUIRY REPORTS, AND IMPORTUNING IN THE 1960s
Authors: LUNAN JOHN 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTThis article explores how probation officers encouraged magistrates to hand down supervision orders for men charged with importuning via Social Enquiry Reports in the 1960s, a period characterized by a penal-welfare approach to crime and delinquent behaviour. Using nine reports on men charged with importuning, the article will show how ideals of citizenship were crucial to securing supervision. The article will consider to what extent definitions of citizenship varied depending on the offender's social class. In particular, the article will explore how ideals of citizenship were invoked to encourage supervision in circumstances where the offender already had previous convictions for importuning as well as cases where there were none. Finally, the article will consider to what extent the liberalization of the sexual offences laws in 1967 affected the way probation officers defined citizenship for homosexuals and altered the way supervision was encouraged in reports for men charged with importuning. Rounding up the above findings, the conclusion will also look at how successful probation officers were in securing supervision orders by portraying importuners as good citizens and will assess to what extent probation can be conflated with leniency and permissiveness.
Leptospirosis in Ireland: annual incidence and exposures associated with infection
Authors: GARVEY P. , CONNELL J. , O'FLANAGAN D. , McKEOWN P. 
Published: August 2013

SUMMARYHuman leptospirosis is found throughout the world, albeit with a higher incidence in tropical regions. In temperate regions it is associated with certain occupational and recreational activities. This paper reports both on the incidence of human leptospirosis in Ireland and on possible associated exposures, using leptospirosis case notification, enhanced surveillance, hospital discharge data and death registrations. Based on official notification data, there was a threefold increase in the reported incidence of leptospirosis in Ireland between 1995–1999 and 2004–2009, which appears partially to be due to improved reporting. The exposures most associated with infection were those involving contact with livestock or water-based recreational sports, in particular kayaking. Advice on prevention should continue to be targeted in the first instance at these groups. The variety of potential transmission routes reported should inform clinicians to consider leptospirosis in individuals with a compatible clinical profile who were not from occupational groups historically considered at risk.
Nonlinearly-enhanced energy transport in many dimensional quantum chaos
Authors: Brambila D. S. , Fratalocchi A. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBy employing a nonlinear quantum kicked rotor model, we investigate the transport of energy in multidimensional quantum chaos. This problem has profound implications in many fields of science ranging from Anderson localization to time reversal of classical and quantum waves. We begin our analysis with a series of parallel numerical simulations, whose results show an unexpected and anomalous behavior. We tackle the problem by a fully analytical approach characterized by Lie groups and solitons theory, demonstrating the existence of a universal, nonlinearly-enhanced diffusion of the energy in the system, which is entirely sustained by soliton waves. Numerical simulations, performed with different models, show a perfect agreement with universal predictions. A realistic experiment is discussed in two dimensional dipolar Bose-Einstein-Condensates (BEC). Besides the obvious implications at the fundamental level, our results show that solitons can form the building block for the realization of new systems for the enhanced transport of matter.
Nogo-A couples with Apg-1 through interaction and co-ordinate expression under hypoxic and oxidative stress
Authors: Kern Florian , Stanika Ruslan I. , Sarg Bettina , Offterdinger Martin , Hess Daniel , Obermair Gerald J. , Lindner Herbert , Bandtlow Christine E. , Hengst Ludger , Schweigreiter Rüdiger 
Published: August 2013

Nogo-A is the largest isoform of the Nogo/RTN4 (reticulon 4) proteins and has been characterized as a major myelin-associated inhibitor of regenerative nerve growth in the adult CNS (central nervous system). Apart from the myelin sheath, Nogo-A is expressed at high levels in principal neurons of the CNS. The specificity of Nogo-A resides in its central domain, NiG. We identified Apg-1, a member of the stress-induced Hsp110 (heat-shock protein of 110 kDa) family, as a novel interactor of NiG/Nogo-A. The interaction is selective because Apg-1 interacts with Nogo-A/RTN4-A, but not with RTN1-A, the closest paralogue of Nogo-A. Conversely, Nogo-A binds to Apg-1, but not to Apg-2 or Hsp105, two other members of the Hsp110 family. We characterized the Nogo-A–Apg-1 interaction by affinity precipitation, co-immunoprecipitation and proximity ligation assay, using primary hippocampal neurons derived from Nogo-deficient mice. Under conditions of hypoxic and oxidative stress we found that Nogo-A and Apg-1 were tightly co-regulated in hippocampal neurons. Although both proteins were up-regulated under hypoxic conditions, their expression levels were reduced upon the addition of hydrogen peroxide. Taken together, we suggest that Nogo-A is closely involved in the neuronal response to hypoxic and oxidative stress, an observation that may be of relevance not only in stroke-induced ischaemia, but also in neuroblastoma formation.
Invertible weighted shift operators which are 𝑚-isometries
Authors: Chō Muneo , Ôta Schôichi , Tanahashi Kôtarô 
Published: August 2013

For a bounded linear operator

T
T

on a complex Hilbert space

H

{\mathcal H}

, let

Δ

T
,
m

=

∑

k
=
0

m

(
−
1

)
k

(

m

k

)

T

∗
m
−
k

T

m
−
k

for

m
∈

N

\Delta _{T,m} = \sum _{k=0}^m (-1)^k \ \begin {pmatrix} m \\ k \end {pmatrix} \, T^{*m-k}T^{m-k} \ \ \mbox {for} \ m \in {\mathbb N}

.

T
T

is called an

m
m

-isometry if

Δ

T
,
m

=
0

\Delta _{T,m}=0

. In this paper, for every even number

m
m

, we give an example of invertible

(
m
+
1
)

(m+1)

-isometry which is not an

m
m

-isometry. Next we show that if

T
T

is an

m
m

-isometry, then the operator

Δ

T
,
m
−
1

\Delta _{T, m-1}

is not invertible.
Development of clinical guidelines for the prescription of a seated wheelchair or mobility scooter for people with traumatic brain injury or spinal cord injury
Authors: Lukersmith Sue , Radbron Lesley , Hopman Katherine 
Published: August 2013

Background/aimProviding a wheelchair or scooter is a complex therapy intervention aimed at enhancing the person's functioning. The research and experience has shown that a wheelchair which is poorly matched to the individual, adversely affects potential activities and participation, lifestyle goals, health status and can be costly. The development of an evidence‐based clinical guideline will provide a synthesis of the evidence and recommendations for best practice.MethodsThe guidelines were developed using a rigorous methodology of systematic search for primary studies, critical appraisal and synthesis of the evidence using an adaptation of the National Health and Medical Research Council recommendation grades in conjunction with a multidisciplinary working party.ResultsSeventy‐six recommendations were developed from 44 clinical questions related to goals, assessment and review, capacity and performance, upper limb capacity and injury risk, wheelchair features, propulsion, training, transport and maintenance. Resources were developed to support the use of the guidelines. Only examples of recommendations are provided here. The complete guidelines and technical report should be downloaded from http://www.lifetimecare.nsw.gov.au/Brain_Injury.aspx.ConclusionThe guidelines provide appraisal and synthesis of the literature and recommendations for best practice on the prescription of a wheelchair or scooter for adults with spinal cord injury and/or traumatic brain injury. The guidelines are intended to reduce the potential for poor wheelchair prescription, inform and guide practice to enhance outcomes. Through judicious application of the available research, these guidelines provide best practice recommendations for prescribing the most appropriate wheelchair for a person with a traumatic brain injury/spinal cord injury.
Sulphur‐oxidizing and sulphate‐reducing communities in Brazilian mangrove sediments
Authors: Varon‐Lopez Maryeimy , Dias Armando Cavalcante Franco , Fasanella Cristiane Cipolla , Durrer Ademir , Melo Itamar Soares , Kuramae Eiko Eurya , Andreote Fernando Dini 
Published: August 2013

SummaryMangrove soils are anaerobic environments rich in sulphate and organic matter. Although the sulphur cycle is one of the major actors in this ecosystem, little is known regarding the sulphur bacteria communities in mangrove soils. We investigated the abundance, composition and diversity of sulphur‐oxidizing (SOB) and sulphate‐reducing (SRB) bacteria in sediments from three Brazilian mangrove communities: two contaminated, one with oil (OilMgv) and one with urban waste and sludge (AntMgv), and one pristine (PrsMgv). The community structures were assessed using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), polymerase chain reaction‐denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR‐DGGE) and clone libraries, using genes for the enzymes adenosine‐5′‐phosphosulphate reductase (aprA) and sulphite reductase (Dsr) (dsrB). The abundance for qPCR showed the ratio dsrB/aprA to be variable among mangroves and higher according to the gradient observed for oil contamination in the OilMgv. The PCR‐DGGE patterns analysed by Nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling revealed differences among the structures of the three mangrove communities. The clone libraries showed that Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria and Deltaproteobacteria were the most abundant groups associated with sulphur cycling in mangrove sediments. We conclude that the microbial SOB and SRB communities in mangrove soils are different in each mangrove forest and that such microbial communities could possibly be used as a proxy for contamination in mangrove forests.