bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐assembled Complexes of the Ligand Methyl(2‐pyrazinyl)ketone Oxime with Oxime and Anion···Oxime Interactions
Authors: Zhang Guoying , Ding Bin , Chai Lu , Niu Zheng , Yuan Lin , Yan Nanfu , Shi Xuefang 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIn this work, the ligand methyl(2‐pyrazinyl)ketone oxime with a pyrazinyl ring and an oxime moiety was synthesized. The two complexes [Cu3(μ3‐OH)(μ‐OPz)3(NO3)2]·2H2O·CH3OH (1) and [Ag3(HOPz)2(NO3)2](NO3) (2) [HOPz = methyl(2‐pyrazinyl)ketone oxime] could be isolated and structurally characterized. Complex 1 exhibits a fundamental structural unit of trinuclear Cu3(μ3‐OH) clusters, whereas complex 2 has a three‐core linear‐shaped silver(I) structure. For complexes 1 and 2, the pyrazinyl ring of the HOPz ligand acts as an electron‐deficient heterocycle and the nitrate anion is the electron‐rich unit. The structure of complex 1 is arranged by O(W)···O(MeOH)···O(NO3–) hydrogen bonds into a 1D chain, which is furthermore assembled into a 2D structure by C–H···πi (CPz) interactions between pyridyl rings and methyl groups. Complex 2 has a three‐core linear‐shaped structure, the nitrate oxygen atoms are involved in weak Ag···O interactions, which are linked into 1D chains by oxime···O(NO3–) hydrogen bonded R22(12) dimers. The O(NO3–)···πii (CPz) interactions further connect the adjacent moieties into a 3D supramolecular network. Complexes 1 and 2 present intriguing self‐complementary supra‐molecular architectures through combination of coordination, hydrogen bonding, C–H···π as well as O(NO3–)···π weak interactions. The results also provide a prototype for the development of frameworks with anions and multiple guest‐binding sites using general principles of crystal design.
A framework for model transformation verification
Authors: Lano Kevin , Clark T. , Kolahdouz-Rahimi S. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractA model transformation verification task may involve a number of different transformations, from one or more of a wide range of different model transformation languages, each transformation may have a particular transformation style, and there are a number of different verification properties which can be verified for each language and style of transformation. Transformations may operate upon many different modelling languages. This diversity of languages and properties indicates the need for a suitably generic framework for model transformation verification, independent of particular model transformation languages, and able to provide support for systematic procedures for verification across a range of languages, and for a range of properties. In this paper we describe the elements of such a framework, and apply this framework to some example transformation verification problems. The paper is novel in covering a wide range of different verification techniques for a wide range of MT languages, within an integrated framework.
Characterization of a mutant glucose isomerase fromThermoanaerobacterium saccharolyticum
Authors: Xu Heng , Shen Dong , Wu Xue-Qiang , Liu Zhi-Wei , Yang Qi-He 
Published: August 2014

AbstractA series of site-directed mutant glucose isomerase at tryptophan 139 from Thermoanaerobacterium saccharolyticum strain B6A were purified to gel electrophoretic homogeneity, and the biochemical properties were determined. W139F mutation is the most efficient mutant derivative with a tenfold increase in its catalytic efficiency toward glucose compared with the native GI. With a maximal activity at 80 °C of 59.58 U/mg on glucose, this mutant derivative is the most active type ever reported. The enzyme activity was maximal at 90 °C and like other glucose isomerase, this mutant enzyme required Co2+ or Mg2+ for enzyme activity and thermal stability (stable for 20 h at 80 °C in the absence of substrate). Its optimum pH was around 7.0, and it had 86 % of its maximum activity at pH 6.0 incubated for 12 h at 60 °C. This enzyme was determined as thermostable and weak-acid stable. These findings indicated that the mutant GI W139F from T. saccharolyticum strain B6A is appropriate for use as a potential candidate for high-fructose corn syrup producing enzyme.
Third-order structure functions in rotating and stratified turbulence: a comparison between numerical, analytical and observational results
Authors: Deusebio Enrico , Augier P. , Lindborg E. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractFirst, we review analytical and observational studies on third-order structure functions including velocity and buoyancy increments in rotating and stratified turbulence and discuss how these functions can be used in order to estimate the flux of energy through different scales in a turbulent cascade. In particular, we suggest that the negative third-order velocity–temperature–temperature structure function that was measured by Lindborg & Cho (Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 85, 2000, p. 5663) using stratospheric aircraft data may be used in order to estimate the downscale flux of available potential energy (APE) through the mesoscales. Then, we calculate third-order structure functions from idealized simulations of forced stratified and rotating turbulence and compare with mesoscale results from the lower stratosphere. In the range of scales with a downscale energy cascade of kinetic energy (KE) and APE we find that the third-order structure functions display a negative linear dependence on separation distance $\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}} r $, in agreement with observation and supporting the interpretation of the stratospheric data as evidence of a downscale energy cascade. The spectral flux of APE can be estimated from the relevant third-order structure function. However, while the sign of the spectral flux of KE is correctly predicted by using the longitudinal third-order structure functions, its magnitude is overestimated by a factor of two. We also evaluate the third-order velocity structure functions that are not parity invariant and therefore display a cyclonic–anticyclonic asymmetry. In agreement with the results from the stratosphere, we find that these functions have an approximate $ r^{2} $-dependence, with strong dominance of cyclonic motions.
Ageostrophic instability in rotating, stratified interior vertical shear flows
Authors: Wang Peng , McWilliams James C. , Ménesguen Claire 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe linear instability of several rotating, stably stratified, interior vertical shear flows $\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}\overline{U}(z)$ is calculated in Boussinesq equations. Two types of baroclinic, ageostrophic instability, AI1 and AI2, are found in odd-symmetric $\overline{U}(z)$ for intermediate Rossby number ($\mathit{Ro}$). AI1 has zero frequency; it appears in a continuous transformation of the unstable mode properties between classic baroclinic instability (BCI) and centrifugal instability (CI). It begins to occur at intermediate $\mathit{Ro}$ values and horizontal wavenumbers ($k,l$) that are far from $l= 0$ or $k = 0$, where the growth rate of BCI or CI is the strongest. AI1 grows by drawing kinetic energy from the mean flow, and the perturbation converts kinetic energy to potential energy. The instability AI2 has inertia critical layers (ICL); hence it is associated with inertia-gravity waves. For an unstable AI2 mode, the coupling is either between an interior balanced shear wave and an inertia-gravity wave (BG), or between two inertia-gravity waves (GG). The main energy source for an unstable BG mode is the mean kinetic energy, while the main energy source for an unstable GG mode is the mean available potential energy. AI1 and BG type AI2 occur in the neighbourhood of $A-S= 0$ (a sign change in the difference between absolute vertical vorticity and horizontal strain rate in isentropic coordinates; see McWilliams et al., Phys. Fluids, vol. 10, 1998, pp. 3178–3184), while GG type AI2 arises beyond this condition. Both AI1 and AI2 are unbalanced instabilities; they serve as an initiation of a possible local route for the loss of balance in 3D interior flows, leading to an efficient energy transfer to small scales.
Nutrient-specific compensatory feeding in a mammalian carnivore, the mink, Neovison vison
Authors: Jensen Kim , Simpson Stephen J. , Nielsen Vivi H. , Hunt John , Raubenheimer David , Mayntz David 
Published: August 2014

Balancing of macronutrient intake has only recently been demonstrated in predators. In particular, the ability to regulate carbohydrate intake is little studied in obligate carnivores, as carbohydrate is present at very low concentrations in prey animal tissue. In the present study, we determined whether American mink (Neovison vison) would compensate for dietary nutritional imbalances by foraging for complementary macronutrients (protein, lipid and carbohydrate) when subsequently given a dietary choice. We used three food pairings, within which two macronutrients differed relative to each other (high v. low concentration), while the third was kept at a constant level. The mink were first restricted to a single nutritionally imbalanced food for 7 d and then given a free choice to feed from the same food or a nutritionally complementary food for three consecutive days. When restricted to nutritionally imbalanced foods, the mink were willing to overingest protein only to a certain level (‘ceiling’). When subsequently given a choice, the mink compensated for the period of nutritional imbalance by selecting the nutritionally complementary food in the food choice pairing. Notably, this rebalancing occurred for all the three macronutrients, including carbohydrate, which is particularly interesting as carbohydrate is not a major macronutrient for obligate carnivores in nature. However, there was also a ceiling to carbohydrate intake, as has been demonstrated previously in domestic cats. The results of the present study show that mink regulate their intake of all the three macronutrients within limits imposed by ceilings on protein and carbohydrate intake and that they will compensate for a period of nutritional imbalance by subsequently selecting nutritionally complementary foods.
Vitamin D status and predictors of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in Western Australian adolescents
Authors: Black Lucinda J. , Burrows Sally A. , Jacoby Peter , Oddy Wendy H. , Beilin Lawrence J. , Chan She Ping-Delfos Wendy , Marshall Carina E. , Holt Patrick G. , Hart Prue H. , Mori Trevor A. 
Published: August 2014

Despite the importance of skeletal growth during adolescence, there is limited research reporting vitamin D status and its predictors in adolescents. Using prospective data from the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study, we investigated vitamin D status and predictors of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations in adolescents. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were measured in the same participants at 14 and 17 years (n 1045 at both time points). The percentage of adolescents with serum 25(OH)D concentrations < 50, 50–74·9 and ≥ 75 nmol/l was reported year-round and by month of blood collection. We examined the predictors of serum 25(OH)D concentrations, including sex, race, month of blood collection, physical activity, BMI, family income, and Ca and vitamin D intakes (n 919 at 14 years; n 570 at 17 years), using a general linear mixed model. At 14 years, 31 % of adolescents had serum 25(OH)D concentrations between 50 and 74·9 nmol/l and a further 4 % had concentrations < 50 nmol/l. At 17 years, 40 % of adolescents had serum 25(OH)D concentrations between 50 and 74·9 nmol/l and 12 % had concentrations < 50 nmol/l. Caucasian ethnicity, being sampled at the end of summer, exercising more, having a lower BMI, a higher Ca intake and a higher family income were significantly associated with higher serum 25(OH)D concentrations. The proportion of adolescents with serum 25(OH)D concentrations < 50 nmol/l was low in this Western Australian cohort. There is a need for international consensus on defining adequate vitamin D status in order to determine whether strategies to increase vitamin D status in adolescents are warranted.
Polymerase chain reaction for the amplification of the 121-bp repetitive sequence ofSchistosoma mansoni: a highly sensitive potential diagnostic tool for areas of low endemicity
Authors: Ferrer E. , Pérez F. , Bello I. , Bolívar A. , Lares M. , Osorio A. , León L. , Amarista M. , Incani R.N. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractSchistosomiasis is a disease caused by parasitic flatworms of the genusSchistosoma, whose diagnosis has limitations, such as the low sensitivity and specificity of parasitological and immunological methods, respectively. In the present study an alternative molecular technique requiring previous standardization was carried out using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the amplification of a 121-bp highly repetitive sequence forSchistosoma mansoni.DNA was extracted from eggs ofS. mansoniby salting out. Different conditions were standardized for the PCR technique, including the concentration of reagents and the DNA template, annealing temperature and number of cycles, followed by the determination of the analytical sensitivity and specificity of the technique. Furthermore, the standardized PCR technique was employed in DNA extracted, using Chelex®100, from samples of sera of patients with an immunodiagnosis of schistosomiasis. The optimal conditions for the PCR were 2.5 mmMgCl2, 150 mmdeoxynucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs), 0.4 μmprimers, 0.75 U DNA polymerase, using 35 cycles and an annealing temperature of 63°C. The analytical sensitivity of the PCR was 10 attograms of DNA and the specificity was 100%. The DNA sequence was successfully detected in the sera of two patients, demonstrating schistosomiasis transmission, although low, in the community studied. The standardized PCR technique, using smaller amounts of reagents than in the original protocol, is highly sensitive and specific for the detection of DNA fromS. mansoniand could be an important tool for diagnosis in areas of low endemicity.
Trypanocidal activity of free and nanoencapsulated curcumin onTrypanosoma evansi
Authors: GRESSLER L. T. , OLIVEIRA C. B. , CORADINI K. , ROSA L. DALLA , GRANDO T. H. , BALDISSERA M. D. , ZIMMERMANN C. E. , DA SILVA A. S. , ALMEIDA T. C. , HERMES C. L. , WOLKMER P. , SILVA C. B. , MOREIRA K. L. S. , BECK R. C. R. , MORESCO R. N. , DA VEIGA M. L. , STEFANI L. M. , MONTEIRO S. G. 
Published: August 2014

SUMMARYThis study aimed to evaluatein vitroandin vivotrypanocidal activity of free and nanoencapsulated curcumin againstTrypanosoma evansi. In vitroefficacy of free curcumin (CURC) and curcumin-loaded in lipid-core nanocapsules (C-LNCs) was evaluated to verify their lethal effect onT. evansi. To perform thein vivotests,T. evansi-infected animals were treated with CURC (10 and 100 mg kg−1, intraperitoneally [i.p.]) and C-LNCs (10 mg kg−1, i.p.) during 6 days, with the results showing that these treatments significantly attenuated the parasitaemia. Infected untreated rats showed protein peroxidation and an increase of nitrites/nitrates, whereas animals treated with curcumin showed a reduction on these variables. As a result, the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase) differs between groups (P<0·05). Infected animals and treated with CURC exhibited a reduction in the levels of alanine aminotransferase and creatinine, when compared with the positive control group. The use of curcuminin vitroresulted in a better parasitaemia control, an antioxidant activity and a protective effect on liver and kidney functions ofT. evansi-infected adult male Wistar rats.
Tracking the development of co-management: using network analysis in a case from the Canadian Arctic
Authors: Kocho-Schellenberg John-Erik , Berkes Fikret 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTTo understand the interplay of factors that shape changes in management strategies, we tracked the evolution of beluga whale co-management involving the Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada, the Fisheries Joint Management Committee (FJMC), and the Tuktoyaktuk Hunter and Trapper Committee from its beginnings in the mid-1980s to the present. The objective was to analyse changes over time in the communication network involved in dealing with the Husky Lakes beluga entrapment issue, using social network analysis (SNA). Along with qualitative information, the use of SNA provided quantitative data to document the development of co-management over time. According to both government and indigenous parties, a fully functional problem-solving partnership developed over the course of two decades. Using the beluga case as the illustration, we traced the development of joint management processes, overcoming some of the initial obstacles and accommodating the needs of the various parties. This case demonstrates the importance of legal arrangements (the indigenous land claims agreement), the role of key individuals and the bridging organisation (FJMC) created by the agreement, and the maturation of co-management over time.
Optimal power loss motion planning in legged robots
Authors: Potts Alain Segundo , da Cruz José Jaime 
Published: August 2014

SUMMARYAn iterative algorithm to minimize energy loss in kinematic chains is proposed. This algorithm is designed to low level of control where variables such as terminal states, runtime, and physical and electrical parameters of the movement are given by higher levels of control. An original complex problem of optimization is transformed into a simple quadratic programming problem subject to linear constraints by discretizing all dynamic system variables. The whole system is then converted into a recursive matrix equation that is solved iteratively. A proof of convergence is suggested. The performance of the algorithm is illustrated by using it in the motion planning of a quadruped robot.
No evidence of genetic variation in microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA markers among remaining populations of the Strange-tailed TyrantAlectrurus risora, an endangered grassland species
Authors: DI GIACOMO ADRIAN S. , DI GIACOMO ALEJANDRO G. , KLIGER RAFI , REBOREDA JUAN C. , TIEDEMANN RALPH , MAHLER BETTINA 
Published: August 2014

SummaryThe Strange-tailed TyrantAlectrurus risora(Aves: Tyrannidae) is an endemic species of southern South American grasslands that suffered a 90% reduction of its original distribution due to habitat transformation. This has led the species to be classified as globally Vulnerable. By the beginning of the last century, populations were partially migratory and moved south during the breeding season. Currently, the main breeding population inhabits the Iberá wetlands in the province of Corrientes, north-east Argentina, where it is resident all year round. There are two remaining small populations in the province of Formosa, north-east Argentina, and in southern Paraguay, which are separated from the main population by the Parana-Paraguay River and its continuous riverine forest habitat. The populations of Corrientes and Formosa are separated by 300 km and the grasslands between populations are non-continuous due to habitat transformation. We used mtDNA sequences and eight microsatellite loci to test if there were evidences of genetic isolation between Argentinean populations. We found no evidence of genetic structure between populations (ΦST= 0.004,P= 0.32;Fst = 0.01,P= 0.06), which can be explained by either retained ancestral polymorphism or by dispersal between populations. We found no evidence for a recent demographic bottleneck in nuclear loci. Our results indicate that these populations could be managed as a single conservation unit on a regional scale. Conservation actions should be focused on preserving the remaining network of areas with natural grasslands to guarantee reproduction, dispersal and prevent further decline of populations.
Rubble and ruin: Walter Benjamin, post-war urban renewal and the residue of everyday life on LeBreton Flats, Ottawa, Canada (1944–1970)
Authors: PICTON ROGER M. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTTaking a cue from Walter Benjamin, this article exposes the wreckage of urban renewal on LeBreton Flats – a mixed industrial and working-class neighbourhood in Ottawa, Canada. Photographic and textual fragments of urban life retrieved from government expropriation files are used to expose the spell of progress embodied in the urban renewal plan for the neighbourhood. This article shows how urban historians can deploy Benjamin's methodological approach to reclaim the memory of everyday life on LeBreton Flats from the realm of official planning documents. This article shows how despite an official narrative of decline scrap-dealers, craft-workers and residents continued to value the Flats and participate in an imaginative urban life.
A longer diagnostic interval is a risk for depression in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Caga Jashelle , Ramsey Eleanor , Hogden Anne , Mioshi Eneida , Kiernan Matthew C. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractObjective:Recognizing depressive symptoms in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) remains problematic given the potential overlap with the normal psychological responses to a terminal illness. Understanding mental health and disease-related risk factors for depression is key to identifying psychological morbidity. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of depressive symptoms in ALS and to explore mental health and disease-related risk factors for depression.Method:Structured medical and psychiatric history questionnaires and a validated depression scale (Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale–21) were completed by 27 ALS patients (60% female; 59% limb onset; age 65.11 ± SE 2.21) prior to their initial review at a multidisciplinary clinic. Physical function was assessed with the Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS–R).Results:At the time of initial assessment, 44% of patients had a previous psychiatric history, although the majority (62%) reported no symptoms of depression. The mean ALSFRS–R score was 37.78 ± SE 1.22, with an average diagnostic interval of 16.04 ± SE 2.39 months. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the length of the diagnostic interval alone predicted depressive symptoms (χ2(3, n = 26) = 9.21, Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.12, p < 0.05.Significance of Results:The illness experiences of ALS patients rather than established mental health risk factors influence the manifestation of depressive symptoms in the early stages of the disease, with clinical implications for the assessment and treatment of psychological morbidity. Patients with lengthy diagnostic intervals may be prime targets for psychological assessment and intervention, especially in the absence of ALS-specific tests and biomarkers.
Temporal spying and concealing process in fibre-optic data transmission systems through polarization bypass
Authors: Bony P.Y. , Guasoni M. , Morin P. , Sugny D. , Picozzi A. , Jauslin H.R. , Pitois S. , Fatome J. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractRecent research has been focused on the ability to manipulate a light beam in such a way to hide, namely to cloak, an event over a finite time or localization in space. The main idea is to create a hole or a gap in the spatial or time domain so as to allow for an object or data to be kept hidden for a while and then to be restored. By enlarging the field of applications of this concept to telecommunications, researchers have recently reported the possibility to hide transmitted data in an optical fibre. Here we report the first experimental demonstration of perpetual temporal spying and blinding process of optical data in fibre-optic transmission line based on polarization bypass. We successfully characterize the performance of our system by alternatively copying and then concealing 100% of a 10-Gb s−1 transmitted signal.