bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐intensity focused ultrasound for treatment of pancreatic cancer: a systematic review
Authors: Li Cui Cui , Wang Ying Qiang , Li You Ping , Li Xiang Lian 
Published: November 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the efficacy and safety of high‐intensity focused ultrasound combined with other physical therapies for the treatment of pancreatic cancer, so as to provide reference for clinical application.MethodsThe PubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library (Issue 11, 2013), CBM, CNKI, and WanFang databases were systematically searched up to November 2013. The randomized controlled trials and clinical controlled trials about the treatment of high‐intensity focused ultrasound were included. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, two reviewers independently screened the studies, exacted the data, and assessed the quality. The meta‐analysis was performed by using the RevMan 5.0 software.ResultsA total of 23 studies including 19 randomized controlled trials and four clinical controlled trials were included. Of which 14 studies reported the safety. The results of meta‐analyses showed that: the survival rate at 6 months and 12 months, overall efficacy, and clinical benefit rate in high‐intensity focused ultrasound plus radiation and chemotherapy group were significantly higher than those in groups treated with three‐dimensional conformal radiation therapy (P < 0.05), gemcitabine (P < 0.05), gemcitabine plus cisplatin (P < 0.05), and gemcitabine plus 5‐fluorouracil (P < 0.05). The adverse effect caused by high‐intensity focused ultrasound plus other therapy was equal to those in the control group. The major high‐intensity focused ultrasound‐related adverse effect was skin damage and fever.ConclusionThe current evidence suggested that the efficacy of HIFU for pancreatic cancer was superior to other therapies, but with poor quality. Therefore, a standard and unified criterion for the diagnosis and outcome measures of pancreatic cancer is needed, and the quality of study design and implementation should be bettered, so as to improve the high quality of evidence for its clinical application.
A Carbon Footprint of Textile Recycling: A Case Study in Sweden
Authors: Zamani Bahareh , Svanström Magdalena , Peters Gregory , Rydberg Tomas 
Published: November 2014

SummaryGlobal population growth and rising living standards are increasing apparel consumption. Consequently, consumption of resources and generation of textile waste are increasing. According to the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, textile consumption increased by 40% between the years 2000 and 2009 in Sweden. Given that there is currently no textile recycling plant in Sweden, the aim of this article is to explore the potential environmental benefits of various textile recycling techniques and thereby direct textile waste management strategies toward more sustainable options. Three different recycling techniques for a model waste consisting of 50% cotton and 50% polyester were identified and a life cycle assessment (LCA) was made to assess the environmental performance of them. The recycling processes are: material reuse of textile waste of adequate quality; separation of cellulose from polyester using N‐methylmorpholine‐N‐oxide as a solvent; and chemical recycling of polyester. These are compared to incineration, representing conventional textile waste treatment in Sweden. The results show that incineration has the highest global warming potential and primary energy usage. The material reuse process exhibits the best performance of the studied systems, with savings of 8 tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2‐eq) and 164 gigajoules (GJ) of primary energy per tonne of textile waste. Sensitivity analyses showed that results are particularly sensitive to the considered yields of the processes and to the choice of replaced products. An integration of these recycling technologies for optimal usage of their different features for treatment of 1 tonne of textile waste shows that 10 tonnes CO2‐eq and 169 GJ of primary energy could be saved.
The Effect of Succession Taxes on Family Firm Investment: Evidence from a Natural Experiment
Authors: TSOUTSOURA MARGARITA 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTThis paper provides causal evidence on the impact of succession taxes on firm investment decisions and transfer of control. Using a 2002 policy change in Greece that substantially reduced the tax on intrafamily transfers of businesses, I show that succession taxes lead to a more than 40% decline in investment around family successions, slow sales growth, and a depletion of cash reserves. Furthermore, succession taxes strongly affect the decision to sell or retain the firm within the family. I conclude by discussing implications of my findings for firms in the United States and Europe.
Recurrent pyoderma gangrenosum after cesarean delivery successfully treated with vacuum‐assisted closure and split thickness skin graft: A case report
Authors: Aydın Serdar , Arıoğlu Aydın Çağrı , Güngör Uğurlucan Funda , Yaşa Cenk , Dural Özlem 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWe describe the case of a 32‐year‐old woman (gravidity: 4; parity: 2) who underwent cesarean delivery at 37 weeks of gestation and presented with dehiscence and infection of the surgical wound. She had a history of wound infection and dehiscence of the scar from a previous cesarean delivery and dehiscence in the dorsal side of her left hand at the site of intravenous catheterization. The patient was initially diagnosed with a skin infection and later with pyoderma gangrenosum. No evidence of any underlying disease was found. The lesions were treated with systemic corticosteroids and azathioprine, but the lesions were unresponsive to treatment. This complicated case of pyoderma gangrenosum after cesarean delivery, which initially mimicked wound infection, was successfully treated with vacuum‐assisted closure and split‐thickness skin graft. This synergistic approach with vacuum‐assisted closure could be an important treatment option for aggressive and slow‐healing lesions.
Changes in the nitric oxide‐soluble guanylate cyclase system and natriuretic peptide receptor system in placentas of pregnant Dahl salt‐sensitive rats
Authors: Takushima Sachiyo , Nishi Yoshihiro , Nonoshita Akiko , Mifune Hiroharu , Hirata Rumiko , Tanaka Eiichiro , Doi Ryosuke , Hori Daizo , Kamura Toshiharu , Ushijima Kimio 
Published: November 2014

AbstractsAimDiminished vasodilator activity during pregnancy, which augments vascular responses to vasoconstrictors, is one reason for the onset of pre‐eclampsia and superimposed pre‐eclampsia. It is known that Dahl salt‐sensitive (Dahl‐S) rats develop salt‐sensitive hypertension like African‐Americans. The present study attempted to assess the changes and the interactions of the NOS‐NO‐sGC‐cGMP and NP‐NPR‐cGMP systems in the hypertensive placenta using Dahl‐S rats as an animal model of superimposed pre‐eclampsia.Material and MethodsPregnant Dahl‐S rats were fed a high‐salt diet to induce the development of hypertension and fetal growth restriction. Using these rats, we investigated the regulation of these two vasodilatation systems, including the kinetics of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS), cytokine‐inducible NOS, natriuretic peptides (NP) (atrial NP, brain NP and C‐type NP), and NP receptors (NPR) (NPR‐A, NPR‐B, NPR‐C).ResultsDahl‐S rats fed a high‐salt diet exhibited hypertension, fetal growth restriction and thickening of the walls in decidual vessels. The placental cGMP level in the rats fed the high‐salt diet was significantly decreased compared with that in controls. The expression levels of endothelial NOS and cytokine‐inducible NOS mRNA increased significantly, while that of sGCα2‐sunbnit declined significantly. Messenger RNA levels of NPR‐C, a clearance‐type receptor of NP, declined significantly, whereas those of NP and their functional receptors NPR‐A and NPR‐B were unchanged.ConclusionsAs Dahl‐S rats with excess salt‐loading during pregnancy exhibited pathological changes similar to those observed in female humans with pre‐eclampsia/superimposed pre‐eclampsia, this rat could be useful as an animal model of superimposed pre‐eclampsia. In the placentas of hypertensive Dahl‐S rats, vasodilatation seemed to be disturbed by the deregulation of both the NO‐sGC‐cGMP and NP‐NPR‐cGMP systems.
Rational dissection of a high institutional cesarean section rate: An analysis using the Robson Ten Group Classification System
Authors: Tan Jarrod KH , Tan Eng Loy , Kanagalingan Devendra , Tan Lay Kok 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAimCesarean section (CS) rates have risen far in excess of the optimal 15% recommended by the World Health Organization. The Robson Ten Group Classification System (TGCS) allows meaningful analysis of a CS rate. The aim of this study is to identify the leading patient categories contributing to our institution's CS rate.MethodsProspective study of all women who delivered at the Singapore General Hospital from January 2008 to December 2011. The following data was recorded: parity, singleton/multiple pregnancy, previous CS, mode of labor onset and gestational age at delivery. CS rates were computed for each group, as well as their relative contribution to the overall CS rate.ResultsThere were 6074 deliveries, in which 2011 (33.1%) women had CS delivery. Group 5 was the largest contributor to the overall CS rate (25.9%). Of the patients in this group, 18.8% had a successful vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC). Group 2 was the second largest contributor to the overall CS rate at 18.0%. Group 10 had a high contribution of 16.1%.ConclusionThe TGCS allows easy identification of the leading contributing patient groups. The surprisingly high contribution of group 10 suggests that our institution, a tertiary multidisciplinary teaching hospital, manages a sizeable group of high‐risk patients in its obstetric case mix accounting for the high CS rate. Almost one in five term pregnancies with one previous CS had a successful vaginal delivery, suggesting that the institutional attempted VBAC rate is higher than 20%.
The effects of bisphosphonate on the remodeling of different irregular bones in mice
Authors: Su Jiansheng , Feng Mu , Han Wenfei , Zhao Hang 
Published: November 2014

BackgroundWe aimed to compare the effects of bisphosphonate on the remodeling of irregular bones (the jaw and ilium) in mice after trauma.MethodsTo verify the feasibility of modeling osteonecrosis, 20 mice were injected intraperitoneally with zoledronate and dexamethasone (ZOL&DEX group), dexamethasone (DEX group), or phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) [control (CTR) group]. Mice then underwent extraction of the right maxillary first molar and creation of an artificial bony cavity in the ilium. Bone sections were stained with H&E for morphological studies. To further compare differences between the maxilla and the ilium caused by similar traumas, 80 mice were injected intraperitoneally with ZOL&DEX or PBS. Pathological progression at the injury sites was assessed at 1 day and at 1, 3, and 8 weeks after trauma using micro‐computed tomography (CT), H&E and immunohistochemistry analyses, high‐performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsOnly the ZOL&DEX model group effectively developed osteonecrosis. Bony sequestra, osseous sclerosis, unhealed mucosa, and radiopaque alveolar bone were found in the maxilla. In the ilium, there was a lower frequency of osteonecrotic disease and osseous sclerosis, and less suppression of bone remodeling than in the maxilla following long‐term bisphosphonate administration. Zoledronate levels were higher in the maxilla. ZOL&DEX treatment suppressed the levels of RANKL and IL‐17, but induced an upregulation of osteoprotegerin and FAM20C in both bones.ConclusionAccumulation of bisphosphonate may increase the incidence of osteonecrosis. The RANKL/OPG pathway and IL‐17 and FAM20C cytokines play key roles in the progression of pathologically abnormal bone remodeling.
Phylogeny and toxicology of Lyngbya wollei (Cyanobacteria, Oscillatoriales) from north‐eastern Australia, with a description of Microseira gen. nov.
Authors: McGregor Glenn B. , Sendall Barbara C. 
Published: November 2014

Three populations of the freshwater filamentous cyanobacterium Lyngbya wollei (Farlow ex Gomont) Speziale and Dyck have been putatively identified from north‐eastern Australia and found to produce the potent cyanotoxin cylindrospermopsin (CYN) and its analog deoxy‐cylindrospermopsin (deoxy‐CYN). We investigated the phylogeny and toxicology of strains and mats isolated from two of these populations using a combination of molecular and morphological techniques. Morphologically the strains corresponded to the type description, however, the frequency of false‐branching was low, and variable over time. Strains and mat samples from both sites were positive for the cyrF and cyrJ genes associated with CYN biosynthesis. Phylogenetic analysis of these genes from Australian L. wollei sequences and comparable cyanobacterial sequences revealed that the genes in L. wollei were more closely related to homologous genes in Oscillatoria sp. PCC 6506 than to homologs in Nostocalean CYN‐producers. These data suggest a common evolutionary origin of CYN biosynthesis in L. wollei and Oscillatoria. In both the 16S rRNA and nifH phylogenies, the Australian L. wollei strains formed well‐supported clades with United States L. wollei (= Plectonema wollei) strains. Pair‐wise sequence similarities within the 16S rRNA clade containing all eleven L. wollei strains were high, ranging from 97% to 100%. This group was distantly related (<92% nucleotide similarity) to other taxa within the group previously considered under the genus Lyngbya sensu lato (C. Agardh ex Gomont). Collectively, these results suggest that this toxigenic group is evolutionarily distinct and sufficiently distant as to be considered a separate genus, which we have described as Microseira gen. nov. and hence transfer to it the type M. wollei comb. nov.
First report of fossilized cysts produced by the benthic Bysmatrum subsalsum (Dinophyceae) from a shallow Mexican lagoon in the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Limoges Audrey , Mertens Kenneth Neil , Ruíz‐Fernández Ana‐Carolina , de Vernal Anne 
Published: November 2014

Cysts belonging to the benthic dinoflagellate Bysmatrum subsalsum were recovered from palynologically treated sediments collected in the Alvarado Lagoon (southwestern Gulf of Mexico). The cysts are proximate, reflecting the features of the parent thecal stage, and their autofluorescence implies a dinosporin composition similar to the cyst walls of phototrophic species. This finding is important for our understanding of B. subsalsum life cycle transitions and ecology. Encystment may play an important role in the bloom dynamics of this species as it can enable the formation of a sediment cyst bank that allows reinoculation of the water column when conditions become favorable. This is the first report of a fossilized cyst produced by a benthic dinoflagellate recovered from sub‐recent sediments.
A retrospective survey of ocular abnormalities in pugs: 130 cases
Authors: Krecny M. , Tichy A. , Rushton J. , Nell B. 
Published: November 2014

OBJECTIVESTo determine the types and frequency of ophthalmic findings in pugs.MATERIALS AND METHODSRetrospective analysis of case records of pugs presented to an ophthalmology unit between 2001 and 2012. Ophthalmological findings were correlated with age, gender, presenting signs and time of onset of disease.RESULTSIn total, 130 pugs (258 eyes) with a mean (±sd) age of 2 · 8 (±2 · 87) years were examined. Ocular abnormalities identified included keratoconjunctivitis sicca (n = 39 eyes), macroblepharon (n = 258 eyes), entropion (n = 258 eyes), distichiasis (n = 56 eyes), ectopic cilia (n = 8 eyes), conjunctivitis (n = 88 eyes), corneal pigmentation (n = 101 eyes), opacity (n = 63 eyes), ulceration (n = 46 eyes), vascularisation (n = 35 eyes), iris‐to‐iris persistent pupillary membranes (n = 21 eyes) and cataract (n = 18). Keratoconjunctivitis sicca was significantly associated with the presence of corneal pigmentation (P = 0 · 007 for left eyes; P = 0 · 043 for right eyes). However corneal pigmentation was also identified in pugs (n = 61) without keratoconjunctivitis sicca. There was a significant influence of ectopic cilia on corneal ulceration (P < 0 · 001). Younger dogs (mean age, 1 · 28 (±0 · 45) years) were significantly more affected by distichiasis.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEThe high number of cases of corneal pigmentation without keratoconjunctivitis sicca suggests that there may be additional yet undetermined factors involved in the development of corneal pigmentation in pugs.
Orchiectomy and Radiotherapy for Stage I–II Testicular Seminoma: A Prospective Evaluation of Short-Term Effects on Body Image and Sexual Function
Authors: Wortel Ruud C. , Alemayehu Wendim Ghidey , Incrocci Luca 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Orchiectomy followed by infradiaphragmatic radiotherapy is a common treatment for stage I–II testicular seminoma. Long-term effects of orchiectomy and radiotherapy for testicular seminomas on body image and sexual function have been reported; however, few data are available on short-term effects. Patients are usually of reproductive age and sexually active; therefore, short-term effects on body image and sexual function should also be studied.

Aims
To prospectively evaluate short-term effects of orchiectomy and radiotherapy on body image and sexual function in testicular seminoma patients.

Methods
Questionnaires on body image and sexual function were prospectively distributed to all testicular seminoma patients treated between 1999 and 2013. The questionnaire distributed prior to radiotherapy was returned by 161 patients; 133 (82%) returned the second after 3 months, and 120 (75%) completed the questionnaire after 6 months.

Main Outcome Measures
Body image and sexual function as assessed by a Dutch questionnaire on body image and sexuality after radiotherapy and orchiectomy.

Results
Median age was 36 years (range 18–70). After orchiectomy, 48% expressed fertility concerns, and 61% reported their body had changed. Six months after treatment, erectile rigidity was significantly decreased compared with prior to radiotherapy (P = 0.016), and 23% reported decreased sexual interest, activity, and pleasure. Changes in body image were significantly associated with decreased sexual interest, pleasure, and erectile function. Even though 45% reported that treatment negatively affected their sexual life, the number of sexually active patients remained stable at 91%. [Correction added on 12 November 2014, after first online publication: ‘prior radiotherapy’ was corrected to ‘prior to radiotherapy’.]

Conclusions
Short-term effects of treatment included fertility concerns and changes in body image. Reported erectile rigidity was significantly decreased after 6 months, as were sexual interest, activity, and pleasure. Disease and treatment had negative effects on sexual life, and changes in body image were associated with sexual dysfunction. Therefore, body image and sexual functioning should be addressed at an early stage in order to offer adequate treatment and counseling.
Inner Speech and Metacognition: In Search of a Connection
Authors: Langland‐Hassan Peter 
Published: November 2014

AbstractMany theorists claim that inner speech is importantly linked to human metacognition (thinking about one's own thinking). However, their proposals all rely upon unworkable conceptions of the content and structure of inner speech episodes. The core problem is that they require inner speech episodes to have both auditory‐phonological contents and propositional/semantic content. Difficulties for the views emerge when we look closely at how such contents might be integrated into one or more states or processes. The result is that, if inner speech is especially valuable to metacognition, we do not currently understand why it is. The article concludes with two positive proposals for understanding the content and structure of inner speech episodes, which should serve as constraints on future accounts of the metacognitive value of inner speech.
Tumefactive demyelinating disease mimicking malignant tumor in positron emission tomography with 11C‐methionine
Authors: Matsuzono Kosuke , Deguchi Kentaro , Hishikawa Nozomi , Yamashita Toru , Ichikawa Tomotsugu , Date Isao , Abe Koji 
Published: November 2014

AbstractTumefactive demyelination is sometimes difficult differentiate from malignant tumors. Positron emission tomography with 11C‐methionine is useful for diagnosing cerebral malignant tumors, but there are previous reports for tumefactive demyelination. We experienced a 32‐year‐old man who suffered from subacute onset dysarthria and left hemiparesis with magnetic resonance image of a large lesion (5.3 × 4.2 cm) in the right frontal lobe. Positron emission tomography with 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose showed a high ring‐shaped glucose uptake in the lesion and 11C‐methionine showed a remarkable methionine uptake in the whole lesion. Although a malignant tumor was suspected, the patient was finally diagnosed with tumefactive demyelinating disease based on brain biopsy results, and was treated completely by methylpredonisolone therapy. Although 11C‐methionine uptake with positron emission tomography commonly suggests a malignant tumor, there can still be a possibility of tumefactive demyelinating disease.
Taking good care of myself: A qualitative study on self‐care behavior among Chinese persons with a permanent colostomy
Authors: Tao Hui , Songwathana Praneed , Isaramalai Sang‐arun , Wang Qingxi 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIn Chinese culture, as a possible consequence of Confucianism, caring for the sick is considered a moral obligation of family members, while self‐care is only the basis of fulfilling filial piety. This qualitative study aims to explore the self‐care behavior among persons with a permanent colostomy in a Chinese cultural context of emphasizing the role of family caregiving. Data from in‐depth interviews with seven Chinese adults at a university hospital in southwest China were analyzed using content analysis. Informants' self‐care behavior was characterized by “taking good care of myself,” which underlined individuals' efforts to manage colostomy‐related impacts involving: (i) taking care of my colostomy with a proper degree of independence; (ii) taking care of my life by dealing with limitations; (iii) taking care of my mood in a positive way. Findings revealed that informants' self‐care behavior was linked to their Confucian beliefs in family obligations, and also influenced by a happy‐go‐lucky outlook of life, a likely product of Taoism. The information is useful for nurses to design a culturally appropriate care plan to improve self‐care behavior and proper family caregiving.