bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AAPM Task Group Report 299: Quality control in multi‐energy computed tomography
Authors: Layman Rick R. , Leng Shuai , Boedeker Kirsten L. , Burk Laurel M. , Dang Hao , Duan Xinhui , Jacobsen Megan C. , Li Baojun , Li Ke , Little Kevin , Madhav Priti , Miller Jessica , Nute Jessica L. , Giraldo Juan Carlos Ramirez , Ruchala Kenneth J. , Tao Shengzhen , Varchena Vladimir , Vedantham Srinivasan , Zeng Rongping , Zhang Da 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMulti‐energy computed tomography (MECT) offers the opportunity for advanced visualization, detection, and quantification of select elements (e.g., iodine) or materials (e.g., fat) beyond the capability of standard single‐energy computed tomography (CT). However, the use of MECT requires careful consideration as substantially different hardware and software approaches have been used by manufacturers, including different sets of user‐selected or hidden parameters that affect the performance and radiation dose of MECT. Another important consideration when designing MECT protocols is appreciation of the specific tasks being performed; for instance, differentiating between two different materials or quantifying a specific element. For a given task, it is imperative to consider both the radiation dose and task‐specific image quality requirements. Development of a quality control (QC) program is essential to ensure the accuracy and reproducibility of these MECT applications. Although standard QC procedures have been well established for conventional single‐energy CT, the substantial differences between single‐energy CT and MECT in terms of system implementations, imaging protocols, and clinical tasks warrant QC tests specific to MECT. This task group was therefore charged with developing a systematic QC program designed to meet the needs of MECT applications. In this report, we review the various MECT approaches that are commercially available, including information about hardware implementation, MECT image types, image reconstruction, and postprocessing techniques that are unique to MECT. We address the requirements for MECT phantoms, review representative commercial MECT phantoms, and offer guidance regarding homemade MECT phantoms. We discuss the development of MECT protocols, which must be designed carefully with proper consideration of MECT technology, imaging task, and radiation dose. We then outline specific recommended QC tests in terms of general image quality, radiation dose, differentiation and quantification tasks, and diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
Dominant stop‐loss HNRNPA1 variants in juvenile‐onset myopathy
Authors: Turner Johnnie , Bruels Christine C. , Daugherty Audrey L. , Estrella Elicia A. , Stafki Seth , Syeda Safoora B. , Littel Hannah R. , Pais Lynn , Ganesh Vijay S. , Lidov Hart G. W. , Paine Simon M. L. , Maddison Paul , Harrison Rachel E. , Straub Volker , Ghosh Partha S. , Pacak Christina A. , Kunkel Louis M. , Draper Isabelle , Topf Ana , Kang Peter B. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroduction/AimsHeterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 is involved in nucleic acid homeostatic functions. The encoding gene HNRNPA1 has been associated with several neuromuscular disorders including an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis‐like phenotype, distal hereditary motor neuropathy, multisystem proteinopathy, and various myopathies. We report two unrelated individuals with monoallelic stop loss variants affecting the same codon of HNRNPA1.MethodsTwo individuals with unsolved juvenile‐onset myopathy were enrolled under approved institutional protocols. Phenotype data were collected and genetic analyses were performed, including whole‐exome sequencing (WES).ResultsThe two probands (MNOT002‐01 and K1440‐01) showed a similar onset of slowly progressive extremity and facial weakness in early adolescence. K1440‐01 presented with facial weakness, winged scapula, elevated serum creatine kinase (CK) levels, and mild neck weakness. MNOT002‐01 also exhibited elevated CK levels along with facial weakness, cardiomyopathy, respiratory dysfunction, pectus excavatum, a mildly rigid spine, and loss of ambulation. On quadriceps muscle biopsy, K1440‐01 displayed rounded myofibers, mild variation in fiber diameter, and type 2 fiber hypertrophy, while MNOT002‐01 displayed rimmed vacuoles. Monoallelic stop‐loss variants in HNRNPA1 were identified for both probands: c.1119A>C p.*373Tyrext*6 (K1440‐01) and c.1118A>C p.*373Serext*6 (MNOT002‐01) affect the same codon and are both predicted to lead to the addition of six amino acids before termination at an alternative stop codon.DiscussionBoth stop‐loss variants in our probands are likely pathogenic. Our findings contribute to the disease characterization of pathogenic variants in HNRNPA1. This gene should be screened in clinical diagnostic testing of unsolved cases of sporadic or dominant juvenile‐onset myopathy.
Role of artificial intelligence in critical care nutrition support and research
Authors: Kittrell Hannah D. , Shaikh Ahmed , Adintori Peter A. , McCarthy Paul , Kohli‐Seth Roopa , Nadkarni Girish N. , Sakhuja Ankit 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNutrition plays a key role in the comprehensive care of critically ill patients. Determining optimal nutrition strategy, however, remains a subject of intense debate. Artificial intelligence (AI) applications are becoming increasingly common in medicine, and specifically in critical care, driven by the data‐rich environment of intensive care units. In this review, we will examine the evidence regarding the application of AI in critical care nutrition. As of now, the use of AI in critical care nutrition is relatively limited, with its primary emphasis on malnutrition screening and tolerance of enteral nutrition. Despite the current scarcity of evidence, the potential for AI for more personalized nutrition management for critically ill patients is substantial. This stems from the ability of AI to integrate multiple data streams reflecting patients' changing needs while addressing inherent heterogeneity. The application of AI in critical care nutrition holds promise for optimizing patient outcomes through tailored and adaptive nutrition interventions. A successful implementation of AI, however, necessitates a multidisciplinary approach, coupled with careful consideration of challenges related to data management, financial aspects, and patient privacy.
A novel phase‐field monolithic scheme for brittle crack propagation based on the limited‐memory BFGS method with adaptive mesh refinement
Authors: Jin Tao , Li Zhao , Chen Kuiying 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe phase‐field formulation for fracture propagation is widely adopted due to its capability of naturally treating complex crack geometries. The challenges of the phase‐field crack simulation include the non‐convexity of the underlying energy functional and the expensive computational cost associated with the fine mesh required to resolve the phase‐field length‐scale around the crack region. We present a novel phase‐field monolithic scheme based on the limited‐memory Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno (BFGS) method, or the L‐BFGS method, to address the convergence difficulties usually encountered by a Newton‐based approach because of the non‐convex energy functional. Comparing with the conventional BFGS method, the L‐BFGS monolithic scheme avoids to store the fully dense Hessian approximation matrix. This feature is critical in the context of finite element simulations. To alleviate the expensive computational cost, we integrate the proposed L‐BFGS monolithic scheme with an adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) technique. We provide the algorithmic details about the proposed L‐BFGS monolithic scheme, especially about how to handle the hanging‐node constraints generated during the AMR process as extra linear constraints. Several two‐dimensional (2D) and three‐dimensional (3D) numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed monolithic scheme, including the accuracy, the robustness, and the computational efficiency regarding the memory consumption and the wall‐clock time. Particularly, we emphasize the importance of the appropriately chosen convergence criteria for brute crack propagation. The proposed L‐BFGS phase‐field monolithic scheme combined with the AMR technique offers an accurate, robust, and efficient approach to model brittle crack propagation in both 2D and 3D problems.
The potentiality of telepsychiatry using a teleoperated robot for a patient with alcohol abuse on an isolated island
Authors: Kanchi Nobukazu , Kawata Megumi , Yoshikawa Yuichiro , Baba Jun , Miyashita Takahiro , Ishiguro Hiroshi , Kumazaki Hirokazu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundProviding medical care on isolated islands can be challenging in several ways. Telepsychiatry can potentially offer a solution for accessible psychiatric services on isolated islands. When video conferencing is used in telepsychiatry, the psychiatry specialist, who is remotely located, may find it difficult to establish trust. To address this, we developed a teleoperated robot system termed “Sota 100,” which is equipped to convey various elements of nonverbal communication, such as eye contact, in remote settings.Case PresentationIn this report, we introduce the case of a patient with alcohol use disorder who lived on an isolated island and received medical care from a primary care physician at the island's medical clinic and from Sota 100 teleoperated by a psychiatry specialist. Using this system, the patient admitted that he had developed a physical illness and had damaged his relationships partly because of alcohol abuse. At the conclusion of the three‐way conversation, the patient understood that stopping drinking alcohol was the only way to prevent worsening his physical condition and damaging his relationships further. Concurrently, the primary care physician gained a deeper understanding of the etiology of alcohol use disorder and of how to support patients with alcohol dependency.ConclusionThese case findings suggest that our system is helpful for patients with alcohol use disorder who need to receive telepsychiatry services. Future studies should include single‐case experimental designs with regular measurements of key outcome variables and other relevant variables over time.
Shape‐memory thermosets: Tailoring the structure for toughness improvement and scratch healability
Authors: Nguyen Ly Mai Thi , Truong Thuy Thu , Nguyen Ha Tran , Tran Chau Duc , Le Diep Ngoc , Doan Tin Chanh Duc , Nguyen Thu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA straightforward but effective approach to fabricate shape‐memory polyurethane thermosets by tailoring the soft phase composition of two‐ and four‐armed polycaprolactone (PCL) polyols is described. As the crystallization of the PCL soft phase has an effect on driving the self‐assembly of H‐bonds, a good balance of tensile performance and thermo‐healability can be achieved by regulating the ratio between PCL‐diol and PCL‐tetrol in the soft phase. The inferior ability of crystallization of the segments near the branching point gives rise to enhancement of the both overall healability and toughness of the network. Healings of punctured holes and cuts are assessed using optical microscopy (OM), field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), tensile analysis, and two‐electrode impedence characterization. The obtained network with the best healing behavior has a soft phase composition with the PCL‐diol/PCL‐tetrol molar ratio of 2/1, a tensile toughness of 64 MPa J−1 and a healing efficiency (estimated by recovery of tensile strength) of nearly 80%.Highlights
The composition of the soft phase of polyurethane networks was tailored.
Two‐ and four‐armed polycaprolactones were used for the network structure.
A good balance between mechanical and healing performance was obtained.
Healing of complete cuts showed tensile strength recovery of nearly 80%.
The male germ unit association is independently regulated of GUM in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Rauf Abdur , Wang Anbang , Li Yujia , Lian Zhihao , Wei Shouxing , Jabbar Kashmala , Wisal Muhammad , Khan Ikramullah , Khalid Muhammad , Li Jingyang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCytoplasmic projections (CPs) formed by the generative and sperm cells link the male gametes with the vegetative cell (VC) nucleus, which are required to build the male germ unit (MGU) assemblage in the angiosperm pollen grain. As molecular and genetic controls underlying CP development and formation of the MGU are unknown, it was hypothesized that physical association between germ cells and the VC nucleus might be lost in germ unit malformed (gum) mutants or in those which either block generative cell (GC) division or that additionally prevent gamete differentiation. In vivo, analysis of marked cellular components demonstrated a linkage of sperm cells (SCs) and the VC nucleus in gum mutant alleles despite their increased physical separation. Similarly, for several independent classes of bicellular pollen mutants, undivided GCs were associated with the VC nucleus like GCs in wild‐type pollen. We conclude that the early formation of GC CPs to establish the MGU is regulated independently of DUO1‐DAZ1 and DUO3 transcription factors as well as cyclin‐dependent kinase function (CDKA;1). As the absence of cytoplasmic protrusion was expected in the gum mutants in Arabidopsis, early histological studies reported temporal disappearance of cytoplasmic protrusion in several organisms. Our findings demonstrated the striking importance of live imaging to verify the broad conservation of the persistent MGU contact in all the angiosperms and its important role in successful double fertilization.
High temporal resolution unoccupied aerial systems phenotyping provides unique information between flight dates
Authors: Washburn Jacob D. , Adak Alper , DeSalvio Aaron J. , Arik Mustafa A. , Murray Seth C. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractUnoccupied aerial systems (UAS, unoccupied aerial vehicle, and drone) are high‐throughput phenotyping tools that can provide transformational insights into biological and agricultural research, but practical and scientific questions remain. The utility of dense versus sparse temporal collections (e.g., daily, weekly, and monthly flights) has important implications for experimental design, resource allocation, and the scope of scientific questions investigated through UAS. UAS‐derived image data were collected on over 1500 maize hybrid yield trial plots with a temporal (longitudinal, 4D) sampling density of 2.8 days on average between 43 flights throughout the growing season. Correlations of vegetation index (VI) phenomic features between flight dates were generally high between flights separated by only 1 or 2 days but dropped when 3, 4, or more days separated the flights. These varied depending on specific dates and the VI used. Correlations between flights were lower around flowering time than during other parts of the season indicating the phenotypic uniqueness of this developmental period. The cross‐validation accuracy of end of season yields prediction models on untested genotypes from the UAS data (0.59 and 0.62) far exceeded genomic prediction accuracy (0.24) for the same test set hybrids regardless of whether all flight dates were used for prediction or only dates before flowering. Phenomic prediction accuracy marginally increased as additional flight dates were added throughout the season.
Disparities in adolescent controller medication adherence, treatment barriers, and asthma control
Authors: Sweenie Rachel , Crosby Lori E. , Guilbert Theresa W. , Plevinsky Jill M. , Noser Amy E. , Ramsey Rachelle R. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundDisparities in asthma persist despite advances in interventions. Adherence and self‐management behaviors are critical yet challenging during adolescence. Treatment barriers include individual factors as well as structural and social determinants of health.ObjectiveTo determine differences in controller medication adherence, asthma control, and treatment barriers by race, income, and insurance and whether racial disparities persist when controlling for income and insurance. Associations between adherence, barriers, and control were also examined.MethodsAdolescents completed measures of treatment barriers and asthma control. Controller medication adherence was measured electronically. Descriptive statistics, means comparisons, and analyses of covariance were conducted.ResultsOne hundred twenty‐five adolescents participated (Mage = 14.55, SD = 2.01, 37.6% Black or African American, 55.2% White). Black or African American adolescents had significantly lower adherence than White adolescents, t(105) = 2.79, p = .006, Cohen's d = .55. This difference was not significant when controlling for income and insurance (p > .05). There was a significant difference in asthma control, F(1,86) = 4.07, p = .047, ηp2 = .045, where Black or African American adolescents had better asthma control scores than White adolescents. Feeling tired of living with asthma was the most common barrier among all adolescents (62.4%). More Black or African American adolescents endorsed difficulty getting to the pharmacy than White adolescents, X2 (1, N = 116) = 4.86, p = .027.ConclusionsRacial disparities in asthma may be partially driven by income, insurance, and pharmacy access. Asthma burnout may be important to address for all adolescents with asthma.
Liver Tissue Proteins Improve the Accuracy of Plasma Proteins as Biomarkers in Diagnosing Metabolic Dysfunction‐Associated Steatohepatitis
Authors: Sourianarayanane Achuthan , Salemi Michelle R. , Phinney Brett S. , McCullough Arthur J. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundBiomarkers for metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatohepatitis (MASH) have been considered based on proteomic and lipidomic data from plasma and liver tissue without clinical benefits. This study evaluated proteomics‐based plasma and liver tissue biomarkers collected simultaneously from patients with metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD).MethodsLiver tissue and plasma samples were collected during liver biopsy to diagnose MASLD. Untargeted proteomics was performed on 64 patients.ResultsTwenty plasma proteins were up‐ or downregulated in patients with MASH compared with those without MASH. The potential biomarkers utilizing the best combinations of these plasma proteins had an area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) of 0.671 for detecting those with MASH compared with those without it. However, none of the 20 plasma proteins were represented among the significantly regulated liver tissue proteins in patients with MASH. Ten of them displayed a trend and relevance in liver tissue with MASLD progression. These 10 plasma proteins had an AUROC of 0.793 for MASH identification and higher positive and negative predictive values.ConclusionThe plasma and liver protein expressions of patients with MASH were not directly comparable. Plasma protein biomarkers that are also expressed in liver tissue can help improve MASH detection.
Stable and reusable calcium‐responsive biopolymer for affinity precipitation of therapeutic antibodies
Authors: Park Heesun , Oh Jeong‐Seok , Lee Jonghwan , Bang Jinho , Park Keunwan , Jeong Suhyeon , Park Seho , Woo Jae‐Sung , Kim Sunghyun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAffinity precipitation is an attractive method for protein purification due to its many advantages, including the rapid capture of target proteins, simple processing, high specificity, and ease of scale‐up. We previously reported a robust antibody purification method using Ca2+‐dependent precipitation of ZZ‐hCSQ2, a fusion protein of human calsequestrin 2, and the antibody‐binding protein ZZ. However, the stability of this fusion protein was not sufficiently high for industrial use because the antibody recovery yield decreased to 60% after being reused 10 times. To identify a more stable calsequestrin (CSQ), we calculated Rosetta energy values for the folding stabilities of various CSQ homologs and selected human CSQ1 (hCSQ1) with lowest energy value (−992.6) as the new CSQ platform. We also identified that the linker sequence between ZZ and CSQ was vulnerable to proteases and alkaline pH by N‐terminal protein sequencing. Therefore, we changed the linker to four asparagine (4N) sequences, which were shorter and less flexible than the previous glycine‐rich linker. The new version of ZZ‐CSQ, ZZ‐4N‐hCSQ1, was stable in a protease‐containing conditioned medium obtained from the cultured Chinese hamster ovary cell or high pH condition (0.1M sodium hydroxide) for more than 5 days and could be reused at least 25 times for antibody purification without loss of recovery yield. The antibodies purified by ZZ‐4N‐hCSQ1 precipitation also showed greater purity (~33.6‐fold lower host cell DNA and ~6.4‐fold lower host cell protein) than those purified by protein A chromatography. These data suggest that ZZ‐4N‐hCSQ1 precipitation is more efficient and can achieve cost‐effectiveness of up to 12.5‐fold cheaper than previous antibody purification methods and can lower the production costs of therapeutic antibodies.
Synonymous and non‐synonymous codon substitutions can alleviate dependence on GroEL for folding
Authors: Reingewertz Tali Haviv , Ben‐Maimon Miki , Zafrir Zohar , Tuller Tamir , Horovitz Amnon 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe Escherichia coli GroEL/ES chaperonin system facilitates protein folding in an ATP‐driven manner. There are <100 obligate clients of this system in E. coli although GroEL can interact and assist the folding of a multitude of proteins in vitro. It has remained unclear, however, which features distinguish obligate clients from all the other proteins in an E. coli cell. To address this question, we established a system for selecting mutations in mouse dihydrofolate reductase (mDHFR), a GroEL interactor, that diminish its dependence on GroEL for folding. Strikingly, both synonymous and non‐synonymous codon substitutions were found to reduce mDHFR's dependence on GroEL. The non‐synonymous substitutions increase the rate of spontaneous folding whereas computational analysis indicates that the synonymous substitutions appear to affect translation rates at specific sites.
Haspin mediates H3.3S31 phosphorylation downstream of Aurora B in mouse embryonic stem cells
Authors: Li Yuanyuan , Wu Meixian , Liu Yang , Sun Lihua , Mu Peiqiang , Ma Binbin , Xie Jing 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHistone phosphorylation is instrumental in regulating diverse cellular processes across eukaryotes. Unraveling the kinases that target specific histone sites is key to deciphering the underlying mechanisms. Among the various sites on histone tails that can undergo phosphorylation, the kinase responsible for H3.3S31 phosphorylation remained elusive. Since both H3.3S31ph and H3T3ph occur specifically during mitosis, and Haspin is the known kinase for H3T3 phosphorylation, we investigated its potential role in H3.3S31 phosphorylation. We employed CRISPR/Cas9, RNA interference, and specific small molecule inhibitors to eliminate Haspin function in various cell types. Our data consistently revealed a link between Haspin and H3.3S31ph. Furthermore, in vitro kinase assays provided evidence supporting Haspin's contribution to H3.3S31ph. Loss‐ and gain‐of‐function experiments targeting Haspin and Aurora B further suggested a hierarchical relationship. Haspin acts as a downstream kinase of Aurora B, specifically orchestrating H3.3S31 phosphorylation in mESCs. This study unveils a novel role for Haspin as a kinase in regulating H3.3S31 phosphorylation during mitosis. This discovery holds promise for expanding our understanding of the functional significance of Haspin and H3.3S31ph in mammals.