bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An intelligent mining system for diagnosing medical images using combined texture‐histogram features
Authors: Dhanalakshmi K. , Rajamani V. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTThe aim of this article is to design an expert system for medical image diagnosis. We propose a method based on association rule mining combined with classification technique to enhance the diagnosis of medical images. This system classifies the images into two categories namely benign and malignant. In the proposed work, association rules are extracted for the selected features using an algorithm called AprioriTidImage, which is an improved version of Apriori algorithm. Then, a new associative classifier CLASS_Hiconst (CLassifier based on ASSociation rules with High Confidence and Support) is modeled and used to diagnose the medical images. The performance of our approach is compared with two different classifiers Fuzzy‐SVM and multilayer back propagation neural network (MLPNN) in terms of classifier efficiency with sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value. The experimental result shows 96% accuracy, 97% sensitivity, and 96% specificity and proves that association rule based classifier is a powerful tool in assisting the diagnosing process. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 23, 194–203, 2013
In vivo tomographic imaging of lung colonization of tumour in mouse with simultaneous fluorescence and X‐ray CT
Authors: Zhang Bin , Gao Fuping , Wang Mengjiao , Cao Xu , Liu Fei , Wang Xin , Luo Jianwen , Wang Guangzhi , Bai Jing 
Published: May 2013

AbstractNon‐invasive in vivo imaging of diffuse and wide‐spread colonization within the lungs, rather than distinct solid primary tumors, is still a challenging work. In this work, a lung colonization mouse model bearing A549 human lung tumor was simultaneously scanned by a dual‐modality fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT) and X‐ray computed tomography (CT) system in vivo. A two steps method which incorporates CT structural information into the FMT reconstruction procedure is employed to provide concurrent anatomical and functional information. By using the target‐specific fluorescence agent, the fluorescence tomographic results show elevated fluorescence intensity deep within the lungs which is colonized with diffuse and wide‐spread tumors. The results were confirmed with ex vivo fluorescence reflectance imaging and histological examination of the lung tissues. With FMT reconstruction combined with the CT information, the dual‐modality FMT/micro‐CT system is expected to offer sensitive and noninvasive imaging of diffuse tumor colonization within the lungs in vivo. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Some Results on 1‐Rotational Hamiltonian Cycle Systems
Authors: Buratti Marco , Rinaldi Gloria , Traetta Tommaso 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA Hamiltonian cycle system of (briefly, a HCS(v)) is 1‐rotational under a (necessarily binary) group G if it admits G as an automorphism group acting sharply transitively on all but one vertex. We first prove that for any there exists a 3‐perfect 1‐rotational HCS. This allows to get the existence of another infinite class of 3‐perfect (but not Hamiltonian) cycle decompositions of the complete graph. Then we prove that the full automorphism group of a 1‐rotational HCS under G is G itself unless the HCS is the 2‐transitive one. This allows us to give a partial answer to the problem of determining which abstract groups are the full automorphism group of a HCS. Finally, we revisit and simplify by means of a careful group theoretic discussion a formula by Bailey, Ollis, and Preece on the number of inequivalent 1‐rotational HCSs under G. This leads us to a formula counting all 1‐rotational HCSs up to isomorphism. Though this formula heavily depends on some parameters that are hard to compute, it allows us to say that, for any , there are at least nonisomorphic 1‐rotational (and hence symmetric) HCS().
The cellular mechanisms of dry eye: From pathogenesis to treatment
Authors: Mantelli Flavio , Massaro‐Giordano Mina , Macchi Ilaria , Lambiase Alessandro , Bonini Stefano 
Published: May 2013

AbstractDry eye is a complex disease characterized by changes in the ocular surface epithelia related to reduced quality and/or quantity of tears, inflammatory reaction, and impairment of ocular surface sensitivity. It has recently been proposed that increased tear osmolarity represents a main trigger to the altered cellular mechanisms leading to epithelial damage in dry eye. However, dry eye pathogenesis is multifactorial, with cytotoxic inflammatory mediators, altered lacrimal gland secretion and nerve function, squamous metaplasia of the conjunctival epithelium and decrease of goblet cells density, all playing a role in a detrimental loop that perpetuates and worsens damage to the corneal and conjunctival epithelia. Current topical treatments for dry eye patients include the use of lubricants and anti‐inflammatory drugs. However, lubricants only improve symptoms temporarily, and chronic use of topical steroids is associated to severe ocular side effects such as cataract and glaucoma. The deeper understanding of the cellular mechanisms that are altered in dry eye is opening novel perspectives for patients and physicians, who are seeking treatments capable not only of improving symptoms but also of restoring the homeostasis of the ocular surface. In this review, we will focus on novel anti‐inflammatory agents and on nerve growth factor, a neurotrophin that is altered in dry eye and has been suggested as a main player in the neuroimmune cross‐talk of the ocular surface as well as in the stimulation of corneal sensitivity, epithelial proliferation and differentiation, and stimulation of mucin production by goblet cells. J. Cell. Physiol. 228: 2253–2256, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sirtuins' modulation of autophagy
Authors: Ng Fanny , Tang Bor Luen 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe sirtuin family of class III histone deacetylases has been extensively implicated in modulating a myriad of cellular processes, including energy metabolism, stress response, cell/tissue survival and malignancy. Recent studies have also identified multifaceted roles for Sirt1 and Sirt2 in the regulation of autophagy. Sirt1 could influence autophagy directly via its deacetylation of key components of the autophagy induction network, such as the products of autophagy genes (Atg) 5, 7, and 8. Nucleus‐localized Sirt1 is also known to induce the expression of autophagy pathway components through the activation of FoxO transcription factor family members. The perception of a linear Sirt1‐FoxO axis in autophagy induction is complicated by recent findings that acetylated FoxO1 could bind to Atg7 in the cytoplasm and affect autophagy directly. This occurs with prolonged stress signaling, with FoxO1's continuous dissociation from cytoplasmic Sirt2 and its consequential hyperacetylation. FoxO‐mediated nuclear transcription may induce/enhance autophagy in ways that are different compared to cytoplasmic FoxO, thereby leading to contrasting (cell survival versus cell death) outcomes. FoxO and Sirt1 are both subjected to regulation by stress signaling (e.g., through the c‐Jun N‐terminal kinases (JNK)) in the context of autophagy induction, which are also critical in determining between cell survival and death in a context‐dependent manner. We discussed here the emerging molecular intricacies of sirtuins' connections with autophagy. A good understanding of these connections would serve to consolidate a framework of mechanisms underlying Sirt1's protective effects in multiple physiological systems. J. Cell. Physiol. 228: 2262–2270, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
CO2exchange of a temperate fen during the conversion from moderately rewetting to flooding
Authors: Koebsch Franziska , Glatzel Stephan , Hofmann Joachim , Forbrich Inke , Jurasinski Gerald 
Published: May 2013

AbstractYear‐round flooding provides a common land management practice to reestablish the natural carbon dioxide (CO2) sink function of drained peatlands. Here we present eddy covariance measurements of net CO2exchange from a temperate fen during three consecutive growing seasons (May–October) that span a period of conversion from moderately rewetting to flooding. When we started our measurements in 2009, the hydrological conditions were representative for the preceding 20 years with a mean growing season water level (MWGL) of 0 cm but considerably lower water levels in summer. Flooding began in 2010 with an MWGL of 36 cm above the surface. The fen was a net CO2sink throughout all growing seasons (2009: −333.3 ± 12.3, 2010: −294.1 ± 8.4, 2011: −352.4 ± 5.1 g C m−2), but magnitudes of canopy photosynthesis (CP) and ecosystem respiration (Reco) differed distinctively. Rates of CP and Reco were high before flooding, dropped by 46% and 61%, respectively, in 2010, but increased again during the beginning of growing season 2011 until the water level started to rise further due to strong rainfalls during June and July. We assume that flooding decreases not only the CO2release due to inhibited Reco under anaerobic conditions but also CO2sequestration rates are constricted due to decreased CP. We conclude that rewetting might act as a disturbance for a plant community that has adapted to drier conditions after decades of drainage. However, if the recent species are still abundant, a rise in CP and autotrophic Reco can be expected after plants have developed plastic response strategies to wetter conditions.
Prevalence of IL‐28B and ITPA genotypes in Chinese Han population infected persistently with hepatitis C virus genotype 6 or HCV‐1
Authors: Zhang Xiao‐Hong , Cai Qing‐Xian , Hong Chun‐Xia , Lin Chao‐Shuang , Zhao Zhi‐Xin 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe geographic distribution, demographics, epidemiology, host factors, and clinical characteristics of persistent HCV‐6 infection in China need further characterization. This multicenter study enrolled 63 patients with persistent HCV‐6 infection and 63 patients with persistent HCV‐1 infection as controls. Blood biochemistry, quantitation of HCV RNA levels, and identification of host IL‐28B genotypes (rs12979860, rs8099917, and rs12980275) and ITPA genotype (rs1127354) were performed to estimate potential variability in host factors that may affect response to treatment. The mean HCV‐6 RNA level (3.8E6 IU/ml) was significantly higher than that in patients infected with HCV‐1 (1.7E6 IU/ml; P < 0.001). Patients persistently infected with HCV‐6 had a high prevalence of IL‐28B rs12979860 CC genotype (92.1%), rs8099917 TT genotype (93.7%), and rs12980275 AA genotype (90.5%). Their prevalence in patients infected with HCV‐1 was only modestly lower (82.5%, 84.1%, and 82.5%, respectively; P > 0.05). The inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase (ITPA) SNP rs1127354 CC genotype was present in 66.7% of patients infected with HCV‐6, comparable to that of patients infected with HCV‐1 (65.1%; P > 0.05). There were no differences in the liver function, proportion of hepatic cirrhosis patients or patients with increased serum glucose between these two groups. Persistent HCV‐6 infection in Chinese Han is found mainly in the southern China. Chinese Han with chronic HCV‐1 or HCV‐6 infection have IL‐28B genotypes, suggesting responsiveness to interferon‐based pharmacotherapy. Most patients (67%) possess the ITPA genotype associated with susceptibility to ribavirin‐induced hemolysis. The routes of transmission for HCV‐6 genotype were more diversified than HCV‐1 genotype. The outbreak of HCV‐6 infection through blood transfusion progressed faster than HCV‐1. J. Med. Virol. 85:1163–1169, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evaluation of VZV‐specific cell‐mediated immunity in adults infected with HIV‐1 by using a simple IFN‐γ release assay
Authors: Watanabe Dai , Otani Naruhito , Suzuki Sachiko , Dohi Hiromi , Hirota Kazuyuki , Yonemoto Hitoshi , Koizumi Yusuke , Otera Hiroshi , Yajima Keishiro , Nishida Yasuharu , Uehira Tomoko , Shima Masayuki , Shirasaka Takuma , Okuno Toshiomi 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe development of herpes zoster is associated with reduced varicella zoster virus (VZV)‐specific cell‐mediated immune (CMI) reactions. In this study, VZV‐specific CMI reactions in 42 anti‐VZV‐IgG antibody‐positive adults infected with HIV‐1 were evaluated by measuring the IFN‐γ production levels in whole blood in response to stimulation with ultraviolet light‐inactivated live attenuated VZV vaccine. The median VZV‐specific IFN‐γ production level in all patients was 63 pg/ml. Antiretroviral therapy (ART)‐naïve patients with an AIDS‐defining illness (HIV classification category C) had significantly lower IFN‐γ production than ART‐naïve patients in categories A and B and patients receiving ART (P = 0.0194 and P = 0.0046, respectively). IFN‐γ production increased significantly in patients within 1 month of the onset of recurrent VZV disease and at more than 1 year from onset, compared with patients who had never had recurrent VZV disease (P = 0.0396 and P = 0.0484, respectively). In multivariate analyses, category C and history of recurrent VZV disease were significant factors affecting IFN‐γ production. Levels of IFN‐γ were measured before and after ART in seven ART‐naïve patients with no history of recurrent VZV disease, and no significant changes were observed. The results indicate that VZV‐specific CMI reactions were reduced in patients with an AIDS‐defining illness and enhanced in patients with a history of recurrent VZV disease, but not enhanced by ART alone. Vaccination may be necessary to inhibit the development of herpes zoster in patients receiving ART; this IFN‐γ releasing assay is one useful method for evaluating VZV‐specific CMI reactions in clinical settings. J. Med. Virol. 85:1313–1320, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Atmospheric impacts of an Arctic sea ice minimum as seen in the Community Atmosphere Model
Authors: Cassano Elizabeth N. , Cassano John J. , Higgins Matthew E. , Serreze Mark C. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThere is growing recognition that reductions in Arctic sea ice extent will influence patterns of atmospheric circulation both within and beyond the Arctic. We explore the impact of 2007 ice conditions (the second lowest Arctic sea ice extent in the satellite era) on atmospheric circulation and surface temperatures and fluxes through a series of model experiments with the NCAR Community Atmospheric Model version 3 (CAM3). Two 30‐year simulations were performed; one using climatological sea ice extent for the end of the 20th century and other using observed sea ice extent from 2007. Circulation differences over the Northern Hemisphere were most prominent during autumn and winter with lower sea level pressure (SLP) and tropospheric pressure simulated over much of the Arctic for the 2007 sea ice experiment. The atmospheric response to 2007 ice conditions was much weaker during summer, with negative SLP anomalies simulated from Alaska across the Arctic to Greenland. Higher temperatures and larger surface fluxes to the atmosphere in areas of anomalous open water were also simulated. CAM3 experiment results were compared to observed SLP anomalies from the National Center for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) Reanalysis data. The observed SLP anomalies during spring are nearly opposite to those simulated. In summer, large differences were shown between the observed and simulated SLP also, suggesting that the sea ice conditions in the months preceding and during the summer of 2007 were not responsible for creating an atmospheric circulation pattern which favoured the large observed sea ice loss. The simulated and observed atmospheric circulation anomalies during autumn and winter were more similar than spring and summer, with the exception of a strong high pressure system in the Beaufort Sea which was not simulated, suggesting that the forced atmospheric response to reduced sea ice was in part responsible for the observed atmospheric circulation anomalies during autumn and winter.
Potassium–sodium interactions in soil and plant under saline‐sodic conditions
Authors: Wakeel Abdul 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAbout 7% of the total land around the globe is salt‐affected causing a great loss to agriculture. Salt stress refers to the excessive amount of soluble salts in the root zone which induce osmotic stress and ion toxicity in the growing plant. Among toxic ions, sodium (Na+) has the most adverse effects on plant growth by its detrimental influence on plant metabolism in inhibiting enzyme activities. An optimal potassium (K+) : Na+ ratio is vital to activate enzymatic reactions in the cytoplasm necessary for maintenance of plant growth and yield development. Although most soils have adequate amounts of K+, in many soils available K+ has become insufficient because of large amounts of K+ removal by high‐yielding crops. This problem is exacerbated under sodic or saline‐sodic soil conditions as a consequence of K+‐Na+ antagonism. Here K+ uptake by plants is severely affected by the presence of Na+ in the nutrient medium. Due to its similar physicochemical properties, Na+ competes with K+ in plant uptake specifically through high‐affinity potassium transporters (HKTs) and nonselective cation channels (NSCCs). Membrane depolarization caused by Na+ makes it difficult for K+ to be taken up by K+ inward‐rectifying channels (KIRs) and increases K+ leakage from the cell by activating potassium outward‐rectifying channels (KORs). Minimizing Na+ uptake and preventing K+ losses from the cell may help to maintain a K+ : Na+ ratio optimum for plant metabolism in the cytoplasm under salt‐stress conditions. It would seem a reasonable assumption therefore that an increase in the concentration of K+ in salt‐affected soils may support enhanced K+ uptake and reduce Na+ influx via HKTs and NCCSs. Although very useful information is available regarding K+‐Na+ homeostasis indicating their antagonistic effect in plants, current knowledge in applied research is still inadequate to recommend application of potassium fertilizers to alleviate Na+ stress in plants under sodic and saline‐sodic conditions. Nevertheless some encouraging results regarding alleviation of Na+ stress by potassium fertilization provide the motivation for conducting further studies to improve our understanding and perspectives for potassium fertilization in sodic and saline‐sodic environments.
Palaeoenvironmental implications of evaporative gaylussite crystals from Lonar Lake, central India
Authors: ANOOP A. , PRASAD S. , PLESSEN B. , BASAVAIAH N. , GAYE B. , NAUMANN R. , MENZEL P. , WEISE S. , BRAUER A. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTWe have undertaken petrographic, mineralogical, geochemical and isotopic investigations on carbonate minerals found within a 10‐m‐long core from Lonar Lake, central India, with the aim of evaluating their potential as palaeoenvironmental proxies. The core encompasses the entire Holocene and is the first well‐dated high‐resolution record from central India. While calcite and/or aragonite were found throughout the core, the mineral gaylussite was found only in two specific intervals (4630–3890 and 2040–560 cal a BP). Hydrochemical and isotope data from inflowing streams and lake waters indicate that evaporitic processes play a dominant role in the precipitation of carbonates within this lake. Isotopic (δ18O and δ13C) studies on the evaporative gaylussite crystals and residual bulk carbonates (calcite) from the long core show that evaporation is the major control on δ18O enrichment in both the minerals. However, in case of δ13C additional mechanisms, for example methanogenesis (gaylussite) and phytoplankton productivity (calcium carbonate), play an additional important role in some intervals. We also discuss the relevance of our investigation for palaeoclimate reconstruction and late Holocene monsoon variability. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interglacial intensity in the North Atlantic over the last 800 000 years: investigating the complexity of the mid‐Brunhes Event
Authors: CANDY IAN , MCCLYMONT ERIN L. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTThe mid‐Brunhes Event (MBE) represents a step‐like increase, between Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 13/11, in the intensity of interglacial warmth. A transect of palaeoclimatic records in the North Atlantic from 40°N to the Nordic Seas indicates strong differences in the expression of the MBE within this region. Between 40 and 56°N sea surface and air temperature records suggest that all interglacials of the past 800 000 years were characterized by similar levels of warmth, so there is no evidence for an MBE in these latitudes of the North Atlantic. North of 56°N there is increasing evidence for interglacials MIS 19–13 being cold relative to MIS 11–1. As most records of long‐term interglacial diversity suggest the MBE is a global event the North Atlantic is clearly anomalous. Furthermore, the strong spatial difference in temperature conditions during interglacials MIS 19–13 in the North Atlantic means that the temperature gradient across this region would have been enhanced, in fact effectively doubled in magnitude, during this interval. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Counteraction of oxidative damage by pomegranate juice: influence of the cultivar
Authors: Nunzio Mattia Di , Toselli Moreno , Verardo Vito , Caboni Maria F , Bordoni Alessandra 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDPomegranate (Punica granatum) has gained widespread popularity as a potential functional food due to its high phenolics content. Although in different studies pomegranate juice has been shown to exert anti‐atherogenic, anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant effects, the cultivar‐related differences in phenolics content and antioxidant activity must be carefully taken into account when evaluating the health effects. The first aim of this study was to rank the juices of 15 different varieties of pomegranate according to their total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity. Then three juices were selected, better characterised and added to HepG2 cells as a supplement to evaluate the protective effect against induced oxidative stress.RESULTSThe cultivars Wonderful, Hicaz and G2 were chosen according to the ranking and the corresponding juices used at two different concentrations as a supplement to HepG2 cells. Overall, all juices were able to protect cells from oxidative damage, but differences that could be related to the different phenolics content and pattern were detected among the three juices.CONCLUSIONOur results show the advantage of screening cultivars prior to efficacy studies. This approach can be useful for food companies that focus on the development of food that has added nutritional and health value. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Fast response fringe‐field switching mode liquid crystal development for shutter glass 3D
Authors: Zhan Hong‐Ming , Xu Zheng , Wang Yong‐Can , Lin Li‐Feng , Chen Ming , Kim Woong , Wang Dan , Shao Xi‐Bin , Lee Seong‐Kyu 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA type of fast response time (RT) liquid crystal (LC) was developed to adopt in fringe‐field switching (FFS) mode for shutter glass 3D display device, the average gray to gray level (GTG) RT can reduce from 7.43 ms to 4.48 ms at a refreshing rate of 60 Hz, and the transmittance can increase by 15.4% compared with conventional LC based on the same cell gap. Meanwhile, the correlation among optical efficiency, correlative color temperature (CCT) of module and retardation of LC for FFS mode was studied. Transmittance is proportional to the retardation of LC; however, the CCT is inversely proportional to the retardation. The fast response LC can keep almost the original optical efficiency and CCT.