bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histological observations of a bilateral maxillary sinus floor elevation 6 and 12 months after grafting with osteogenic protein‐1 device
Authors: Groenveld H. H. J. , van den Bergh J. P. A. , Holzmann P. , ten Bruggenkate C. M. , Tuinzing D.B. , Burger E. H. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract. Objective:The purpose of this case study was to analyze the tissue formed in a maxillary sinus, 6 and 12 months after grafting with recombinant human osteogenic protein‐I (OP‐I) linked to a collagen carrier of bovine origin.Patient and methods: A 49‐year old woman referred for bilateral sinus floor elevation, was grafted with an OP‐l device. After 6 months, a biopsy was taken from one of the grafted areas. After 12 months, during implant placement, 5 biopsies were taken from the grafted area and the maxillary host bone. Biopsies were processed without decalcification for histological analyses.Results: The biopsy taken after 6 months contained newly formed bone, fibrotic tissue and device remnants. After 12 months, however, bone was absent from all biopsies which were taken from the grafted area, while particles of the collagen carrier were still abundant. Inflammatory cells were observed between remnants of the collagen carrier in the grafted area.Conclusion: This study indicates that an onset of new bone formation, which was observed after 6 months, did not persist. 12 months after grafting no bone was present in the biopsies from the grafted area, while the collagen carrier had remained. Lack of mechanical loading, as a result of postponing implant placement from 6 to 12 months, may have resulted in resorption of the emerging bone which was present 6 months after grafting.
Vulnerability of Polar Oceans to Anthropogenic Acidification: Comparison of Arctic and Antarctic Seasonal Cycles
Authors: Shadwick E. H. , Trull T. W. , Thomas H. , Gibson J. A. E. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractPolar oceans are chemically sensitive to anthropogenic acidification due to their relatively low alkalinity and correspondingly weak carbonate buffering capacity. Here, we compare unique CO2 system observations covering complete annual cycles at an Arctic (Amundsen Gulf) and Antarctic site (Prydz Bay). The Arctic site experiences greater seasonal warming (10 vs 3°C) and freshening (3 vs 2), has lower alkalinity (2220 vs 2320 μmol/kg) and lower summer pH (8.15 vs 8.5), than the Antarctic site. Despite a larger uptake of inorganic carbon by summer photosynthesis, the Arctic carbon system exhibits smaller seasonal changes than the more alkaline Antarctic system. In addition, the excess surface nutrients in the Antarctic may allow mitigation of acidification, via CO2 removal by enhanced summer production driven by iron inputs from glacial and sea-ice melting. These differences suggest that the Arctic system is more vulnerable to anthropogenic change due to lower alkalinity, enhanced warming and nutrient limitation.
Mechanisms for the retention of inorganic N in acidic forest soils of southern China
Authors: Zhang Jin-bo , Cai Zu-cong , Zhu Tong-bin , Yang Wen-yan , Müller Christoph 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe mechanisms underlying the retention of inorganic N in acidic forest soils in southern China are not well understood. Here, we simultaneously quantified the gross N transformation rates of various subtropical acidic forest soils located in southern China (southern soil) and those of temperate forest soils located in northern China (northern soil). We found that acidic southern soils had significantly higher gross rates of N mineralization and significantly higher turnover rates but a much greater capacity for retaining inorganic N than northern soils. The rates of autotrophic nitrification and NH3 volatilization in acidic southern soils were significantly lower due to low soil pH. Meanwhile, the relatively higher rates of NO3− immobilization into organic N in southern soils can counteract the effects of leaching, runoff and denitrification. Taken together, these processes are responsible for the N enrichment of the humid subtropical forest soils in southern China.
Auditor obligations in an evolving legal landscape
Authors: Tarr Julie-Anne , Mack Janet 
Published: August 2013

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to look at auditor obligations to their clients and potentially to third parties such as investors, with a focus on the quality of financial disclosure in an evolving legal framework.

Design/methodology/approach
– The article outlines and compares established and emerging trends relative to information disclosure and contractual performance in parallel contexts where information asymmetry exists. In particular, this article considers the disclosure regime that has evolved in the insurance industry to address the substantial imbalance in the level of knowledge possessed by the insured in comparison to the prospective insurer. Abductive reasoning is used to identify causal constructs that explain the data pattern from which the theorised potential for judicial revision of the interpretation of “true and fair” in line with “good faith” in legal regulation is derived.

Findings
– The authors conclude that there is little doubt that a duty of good faith in relation to auditor-company contractual dealings and potentially a broader good faith duty to third parties such as investors in companies may be on the horizon.

Originality/value
– In the context of stated objectives by organisations such as the International Federation of Accountants to reconcile ethical and technical skills in the wake of the global financial crisis, there is an increased need to rebuild public and investor confidence in the underpinning integrity of financial reporting. This paper offers a perspective on one way to achieve this by recognising the similarities in the information asymmetry relationships in the insurance industry and how the notion of “good faith” in that relationship could be useful in the audit situation.
Competitive advantage in the new contrived social care marketplace: how did we get here?
Authors: Dearnaley Patricia 
Published: August 2013

PurposeChanges in the social care sector over the past 20 years have effected a fundamental shift in commissioning and delivery relationships, creating new markets for social housing services. This paper aims to examine how far existing theories around competitive advantage in markets are compatible with the new public management (NPM) approach to the market, or whether there is a need for a new approach to business planning for agencies that addresses the particular characteristics of this specific quasi‐market.Design/methodology/approachThis paper draws upon original research developed through a single holistic case study of a UK social housing service, using qualitative research methods including document analysis, interviews, secondary data, observations and facilitated meetings.FindingsExisting business theory and models around competitive advantage do not suit this “contrived” NPM market. A new framework or model will be needed for analysis and business planning in this new environment.Originality/valueThis paper adds to existing knowledge by critiquing current business models, and positing a potential development to existing contingency theory: the external drivers model. The study has resulted in a number of outputs including an outline of a toolkit to assist in using the model. The model requires further research to establish its generalisability to other organisations and other sectors.
The role of procurement practices in effective implementation of infrastructure projects in Pakistan
Authors: Noor Muhammad Ali , Khalfan Malik M.A. , Maqsood Tayyab 
Published: August 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to report on a research thesis that investigates the role of procurement practices in effective implementation of infrastructure projects in a developing country, i.e. Pakistan. The research investigated and explored the issues and barriers to effective implementation of different procurement methods, the environment and its suitability for implementing different forms of procurement in context of public sector in Pakistan.Design/methodology/approachThe research was carried out in two stages in the first stage archival analysis was conducted of government documents, reports including reports by international organisations, policy documents and literature. During the second stage case studies were selected based on archival analysis. The unit of analysis is the basis for the case and for this study, it was the procurement of infrastructure projects in public sector in Pakistan and that was the boundary of the research. Eight project case studies were selected from six public sector organizations (organizational case studies). A total of 24 respondents participated from these six organisations.FindingsThe research has identified the different procurement choices and reasons for a particular choice, the issues in procurement choice and the issues in procurement implementation in the public sector organisations in Pakistan. It has also described the impact of procurement practice on successful project outcomes. As a result multiple issues have been identified which affects the choice of procurement such as the need for efficiency and finances, client objectives, timely policy decisions, clarity of clients needs, delays in bidding and response, delays in approvals, proposal and bid evaluation procedures, need for relaxation of rules and project characteristics. The major barriers and constraints to implementation of procurement have been reported to be regulatory and legal, risks and contract management, principles of procurement, political, culture, inter and intra organisational issues, conditions of the country, lack of understanding, land acquisition, project revenue and finance issues. Procurement had a direct impact on successful outcomes of the project, the procurement systems in these organisations had a direct relationship and impact on performance and success of the project.Originality/valueAs a result of this analysis a vivid big picture of road map of the ongoing processes and practice of procurement in public sector in Pakistan has been created which vividly portrays the issues and barriers of the procurement practice in Pakistan.
Application of performance measurement as an early warning system
Authors: Haji‐Kazemi Sara , Andersen Bjørn 
Published: August 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present an overview of the concept of early warning signs in projects and explain how a performance measurement system can be utilized as a source of data for an early warning approach signaling that a project is about to experience problems at some stage in the future.Design/methodology/approachCombination of action research and semi‐structured interviews and document analysis supplemented by a post‐mortem analysis after project close‐out.FindingsDetection of early warning signals in projects can be better enabled through the application of a performance measurement system with properly defined key performance indicators. Utilization of this tool can positively affect the overall success of the project.Research limitations/implicationsThe case study involved only one project from the oil and gas industry.Practical implicationsThe empirical case study was developed to illustrate the usefulness of exploiting a performance measurement system in a project. A procedure was demonstrated for developing and implementing an early warning system based on performance measurement, and specific performance indicators have been described for other projects to copy.Originality/valueThis paper highlights the gap in the literature concerning the link between early warning and project management and the link between early warning and performance measurement. It offers a new idea on how performance measurement can be used as an effective early warning system and is intended to be primarily of use to project management practitioners and practically‐oriented academics who are interested in developing fresh insights into new approaches for better management of projects.
Formal bargaining and informal sense making in the competitive dialogue procedure
Authors: Hoezen Mieke , Voordijk Hans , Dewulf Geert 
Published: August 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to provide insights in how formal bargaining and informal sense making interact and solve problems of understanding between principal and contractor during procurement through the competitive dialogue (CD) of a complex construction project.Design/methodology/approachIn an in‐depth case study, a process approach is taken to study how formal bargaining and informal sense making interact in a discrete set of critical events during negotiations in the procurement stage.FindingsThe critical events show that problems of understanding arise due to risk aversion and differences in expectations by at least one of the parties involved. In most of the events observed, aspects of the project context are behind the development of problems of understanding.Practical implicationsNegotiations develop in either positive or negative cycles. If managers of both the procuring authorities and the contractors are aware of these cycles, they might be able to influence and use them to their mutual benefit.Originality/valueBy studying the dynamics in interaction processes between principal and contractor during the procurement stage obstacles and preconditions for an effective CD are shown.
Getting real about Big Data: applying critical realism to analyse Big Data hype
Authors: Fox Stephen , Do Tuan 
Published: August 2013

PurposeAn emerging application of Big Data is the addition of sensors and other micro‐electronic devices to engineer‐to‐order (ETO) goods such as one‐of‐a‐kind buildings and ships. The addition of micro‐electronic devices can enable the setting up and operation of smart buildings and smart ships. The purpose of this paper is to provide a critical realist analysis of Big Data hype. This is necessary to determine what challenges will need to be met before project businesses can achieve informational effects and transformational effects from Big Data technologies.Design/methodology/approachA critical realist study informed by reference to predictive theory and findings from action research. The predictive theory is concerned with the three different types of business effects that can come from information and communication technologies (ICTs): automational, informational, and transformational.FindingsCritical realist analysis reveals that hype about Big Data underplays many challenges in achieving informational and transformational effects.Practical implicationsMany inter‐related non‐trivial factors need to be taken into account when considering investing in Big Data initiatives. These factors range from the planning of data sampling rates, through the robust fixing of sensors, to the implementation of data mining algorithms and signal models.Originality/valueThe originality of this paper is that critical realism is used in analysis of Big Data hype. The value of this paper is that it reveals a causal mechanism and causal context for project business Big Data application. This type of critical realist analysis can be applied to enable better understanding of necessary causal mechanisms and causal contexts for other ICT innovations.
The characteristics of and cornerstones for creating integrated teams
Authors: Aapaoja Aki , Herrala Maila , Pekuri Aki , Haapasalo Harri 
Published: August 2013

PurposeDefective stakeholder management has frequently resulted in conflicts and partial failures. Integrated project delivery (IPD) and team integration provides opportunities for organizations to achieve more than they could on their own. The purpose of this study is to analyze the level and challenges of team integration. In addition, study tries to recognize the cornerstones for creating integrated teams in construction projects.Design/methodology/approachThis paper discusses the characteristics and level of team integration in a construction project, but the main purpose is to derive the cornerstones for creating integrated teams. Results are derived from the analysis of current literature and an empirical case study.FindingsThis paper describes the 12 characteristics of an integrated project team. In addition, the cornerstones for creating integrated teams were recognized as the early involvement and assessment of stakeholders, continuous communication and interaction, cultural change, and making the IPD process well known.Practical implicationsThe construction industry is aware of the need to improve control over its delivery processes. In addition, the customers are aware of waste and have started to demand more value. Because IPD and team integration supports the controlling over delivery processes and enables the more efficient value creation, these are extensive issues in developing construction industry.Originality/valueTeam integration is an important part of value creation. Limited research attention has been directed at what the level of integration is compared with the characteristics of integration. This paper also advances team integration research by identifying the cornerstones for integration.
Immunogenicity of inactivated seasonal influenza vaccine in adult and pediatric liver transplant recipients over two seasons
Authors: Suzuki Michio , Torii Yuka , Kawada Jun‐ichi , Kimura Hiroshi , Kamei Hideya , Onishi Yasuharu , Kaneko Kenitiro , Ando Hisami , Kiuchi Tetsuya , Ito Yoshinori 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTImmunological responses to influenza vaccination administered to liver transplantation recipients are not fully elucidated. To compare inactivated influenza vaccine's immunogenicity between adult and pediatric recipients, 16 adult and 15 pediatric living donor liver transplantation recipients in the 2010–11 influenza season, and 53 adult and 21 pediatric recipients in the 2011–12 season, were investigated. Seroprotection rates (hemagglutinin‐inhibition [HI] antibody titer 1:40) were 50–94% to all three antigens among adults and 27–80% among children in both seasons. Seroconversion rates (fourfold or more HI antibody rise) were 32–56% among adults and 13–67% among children in both seasons. No significant differences were observed between the two groups. In addition, 20/53 adult and 13/21 pediatric recipients received a vaccine containing identical antigens in both of these seasons. Geometric mean titer fold increases of all three antigens in adult recipients were significantly lower than those in recipients who had not received a preceding vaccination. In contrast, in pediatric recipients, there were no significant differences between the groups who had and had not received preceding vaccinations. The number of patients with rejection did not differ significantly between the two groups (0/53 vs. 1/21) in the 2011–12 season. The incidence of influenza after vaccination was significantly different between adult and pediatric recipients (0/16 vs. 5/15 in 2010–11 and 0/53 vs. 3/21 in 2011–12, respectively). Overall, there were no significant differences in antibody responses between adult and pediatric groups. Influenza infection was more frequent in pediatric recipients. Long‐term response to preceding vaccinations appeared to be insufficient in both groups.
Pollen assemblage richness does not reflect regional plant species richness: a cautionary tale
Authors: Goring Simon , Lacourse Terri , Pellatt Marlow G. , Mathewes Rolf W. 
Published: August 2013

Summary

Palaeoecological records of species richness spanning time intervals over which climate variables have shifted relative to one another can help reduce issues of colinearity that might affect our understanding of patterns of species richness.

Fossil pollen assemblages have the potential to serve as a proxy for past plant richness because they record the presence of plant taxa. However, pollen assemblages are typically limited by low taxonomic resolution and taphonomic processes (pollen production, transport, deposition and preservation), which may degrade the degree to which pollen accurately represents vegetation communities.

We combined pollen assemblages from modern lake sediments (n = 546; n = 167 in British Columbia, Canada) in the Pacific Northwest, with a detailed data base (n = 16 071) of plant presence across the province and a published record of gamma richness to test the accuracy of pollen assemblages as a proxy for regional patterns of plant richness.

A generalized linear model using plant richness resolved at multiple taxonomic levels suggests taxonomic differences between plant and pollen taxa may reduce the ability of pollen richness to predict plant richness at the site level, but that this relationship is still recoverable, albeit with broad confidence intervals.

Spatially explicit analysis using a generalized additive model shows that predicted plant richness has no relationship with raw pollen assemblage richness at all taxonomic levels.

The taxonomic composition of the region (i.e. the ratio of wind‐pollinated to insect‐pollinated species) and/or the morphological specificity of the dominant pollen types in the region may play a role in limiting the reconstruction of plant richness from pollen richness. Nonetheless, we believe this study is the first to empirically test the relationship between plant and pollen richness, and fails to find a significant relationship.

Synthesis. Palynological richness in itself cannot be considered a universally reliable proxy for inferring plant richness; however, broad spatial and temporal patterns of change in richness have been reported in the literature. Our findings suggest that more work is needed to understand previously reported patterns of pollen assemblage richness through time and in space. We suggest the use of functional diversity or phylogenetically based analysis may help link pollen richness to plant community richness.
Public attitudes toward stuttering in Poland
Authors: Przepiorka Aneta M. , Blachnio Agata , St. Louis Kenneth O. , Wozniak Tomasz 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundPeople who stutter often experience negative judgments and reactions to their stuttering from the nonstuttering majority. Many are stigmatized because of their stuttering and threatened with social exclusion, placing them at risk for compromised quality of life.AimsThe purpose of this investigation was to measure public attitudes toward stuttering in Poland.Methods & ProceduresA sample of 268 respondents (mean age = 29 years; range = 15–60 years) from numerous different geographic and urban‐rural settings in Poland filled out a Polish translation of the Public Opinion Survey of Human Attributes–Stuttering (POSHA–S).Outcomes & ResultsPolish respondents displayed attitudes toward stuttering and people who stutter that were generally similar or “average” in comparison with other samples around the world from the POSHA–S database.Conclusions & ImplicationsAlthough generally typical of other Western societies studied, attitudes of adolescents and adults from Poland were notably different in some ways, such as in the beliefs that emotional trauma or viruses and disease can cause stuttering as well as in the self reaction that they would feel uncomfortable speaking with a stuttering person. Overall, social exclusion and stigma are as likely among Poles who stutter as among most other populations studied.