bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Periodontal tissue susceptibility to glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Inoue Moe , Sakanaka Akito , Katakami Naoto , Furuno Masahiro , Nishizawa Hitoshi , Omori Kazuo , Taya Naohiro , Ishikawa Asuka , Mayumi Shota , Tanaka Isomura Emiko , Takeuchi Hiroki , Amano Atsuo , Shimomura Iichiro , Fukusaki Eiichiro , Kuboniwa Masae 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimTo assess the direct effect of intensive glycaemic control on periodontal tissues in patients with diabetes mellitus.Materials and MethodsTwenty‐nine patients with type 2 diabetes were enrolled and hospitalized to receive a 2‐week intensive glycaemic control regimen. We observed and analysed the systemic and oral disease indicators before and after treatment and clarified the indicators related to periodontal inflammation.ResultsA significant reduction in glycaemic and periodontal parameters, including glycated albumin levels and periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA), was observed after treatment. The changes in PISA per tooth, indicative of periodontal healing, exhibited a bimodal distribution; the patients were divided into two groups on this basis. Correlations were observed between the changes in PISA per tooth and fasting plasma glucose, acetoacetic acid, and beta‐hydroxybutyrate levels in the PISA‐improved group. Significantly lower levels of C‐peptide, coefficient of variation of R‐R interval, and ankle‐brachial pressure index were observed before treatment in the PISA non‐improved group.ConclusionsGlycaemic control treatment can effectively improve periodontitis in patients with type 2 diabetes, even in the absence of specific periodontal treatments. However, the periodontal responsiveness to glycaemic control treatment depends on the systemic condition of the patient.
Metformin in the Diabetes Prevention Program 3‐year trial: The cost‐effectiveness that never was
Authors: Rittenhouse Brian E. , Alolayan Sultan , Eguale Tewodros , Segal Alissa R. , Doucette Joanne 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimTo highlight oversimplified quality‐adjusted life year (QALY) calculations and incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios (ICERs) regarding lifestyle metformin and placebo as flaws in the trial‐based (Diabetes Prevention Program) cost‐effectiveness analysis.Materials and MethodsWe revised the QALY calculations to conform to convention and calculated appropriate ICERs using both original and revised QALYs results. We used several additional health economics tools to present results, showing the consistency of each method and the added value of each. We presented net monetary benefits, assessed decision uncertainty and calculated net losses. We also used graphics, making correct interpretation clearer and allowing illustration and calculation of technical and economic inefficiencies of treatments that were not cost‐effective.ResultsICERs with either QALY calculation indicated that metformin was technically and economically inefficient and not cost‐effective. There was virtually no decision uncertainty. All methods employed pointed to an identical conclusion.ConclusionsIn contrast to original claims, although lifestyle was cost‐effective in diabetes prevention, metformin was not, and acting otherwise imposes significant monetary and health costs. Various available tools of economic evaluation would probably have prevented the original misinterpretation by the authors had they been used. The varied tools implemented here illustrate with a common example their consistency and value to the field, showing how to depict the results in various ways.
Intra‐striatal infusion of the small molecule alpha‐synuclein aggregator, FN075, does not enhance parkinsonism in a subclinical AAV‐alpha‐synuclein rat model
Authors: Patton Tommy , Comini Giulia , Narasimhan Kaushik , Cairns Andrew G. , Ådén Jörgen , Almqvist Fredrik , Bemelmans Alexis , Brouillet Emmanuel , McKernan Declan P. , Dowd Eilís 
Published: August 2024

AbstractNumerous challenges hinder the development of neuroprotective treatments for Parkinson's disease, with a regularly identified issue being the lack of clinically relevant animal models. Viral vector overexpression of α‐synuclein is widely considered the most relevant model; however, this has been limited by high variability and inconsistency. One potential method of optimisation is pairing it with a secondary insult such as FN075, a synthetic molecule demonstrated to accelerate α‐synucleinopathy. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate if sequential infusion of adeno‐associated virus (AAV)‐α‐synuclein and FN075 into the rat brain can replicate α‐synucleinopathy, nigrostriatal pathology and motor dysfunction associated with Parkinson's disease. Rats received a unilateral injection of AAV‐α‐synuclein (or AAV‐green fluorescent protein) into two sites in the substantia nigra, followed 4 weeks later by unilateral injection of FN075 (or vehicle) into the striatum. Animals underwent behavioural testing every 4 weeks until sacrifice at 20 weeks, followed by immunohistochemistry assessment post‐mortem. As anticipated, AAV‐α‐synuclein led to extensive overexpression of human α‐synuclein throughout the nigrostriatal pathway, as well as elevated levels of phosphorylated and aggregated forms of the protein. However, the sequential administration of FN075 into the striatum did not exacerbate any of the α‐synuclein pathology. Furthermore, despite the extensive α‐synuclein pathology, neither administration of AAV‐α‐synuclein nor FN075, alone or in combination, was sufficient to induce dopaminergic degeneration or motor deficits. In conclusion, this approach did not replicate the key characteristics of Parkinson's disease, and further studies are required to create more representational models for testing of novel compounds and treatments for Parkinson's disease.
Paramedullary plasma cell myeloma originating from the first cervical vertebra (C1) in an 8‐month‐old Warmblood with tetraparesis: Clinical and pathological findings
Authors: Pelli Anna , Schiffbauer Vivien , Della Tommasa Simone , Ulrich Reiner , Reinert Anja , Gerlach Kerstin , Völker Iris 
Published: August 2024

SummaryTo the authors' knowledge there is only one report in the literature describing plasma cell paramedullary myeloma in horses as so‐called ‘break out lesions’, originating from vertebral bone marrow and invading the epidural space. This report describes clinical and pathomorphological findings of such. An 8‐month‐old Warmblood colt exhibited acute tetraparesis and a cervical column spinal cord lesion was suspected. Computed tomography revealed C1 osteolytic lesions by a heterogeneous mass. By pathomorphological examination including transmission electron microscopy, a plasma cell myeloma was identified, locally compressing the spinal cord. In tetraparetic young horses traumatic spinal cord injuries, cervical vertebral malformations, and central nervous system infectious diseases represent common differentials. However, osteolytic tumours such as paramedullary (plasma cell) myelomas, as space occupying lesion due to vertebral canal intrusion, should be considered as a cause for severe neurological deficits.
Comparison of radiography and computed tomography for identification of third metacarpal structural change and associated assessment of condylar stress fracture risk in Thoroughbred racehorses
Authors: Irandoust Soroush , O'Neil Linnea M. , Stevenson Christina M. , Franseen Faith M. , Ramzan Pieter H. L. , Powell Sarah E. , Brounts Sabrina H. , Loeber Samantha J. , Ergun David L. , Whitton R. Chris , Henak Corinne R. , Muir Peter 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundCatastrophic injury has a low incidence but leads to the death of many Thoroughbred racehorses.ObjectivesTo determine sensitivity, specificity, and reliability for third metacarpal condylar stress fracture risk assessment from digital radiographs (DR) and standing computed tomography (sCT).Study designControlled ex vivo experiment.MethodsA blinded set of metacarpophalangeal joint DR and sCT images were prepared from 31 Thoroughbreds. Four observers evaluated the condyles and parasagittal grooves (PSG) of the third metacarpal bone for the extent of dense bone and lucency/fissure and assigned a risk assessment grade for condylar stress fracture based on imaging features. Sensitivity and specificity for detection of subchondral structural changes in the condyles and PSG, and for risk assessment for condylar stress fracture were determined by comparison with a reference assessment based on sCT and joint surface examination. Agreement between observers and the reference assessment and reliability between observers were determined. Intra‐observer repeatability was also assessed.ResultsSensitivity for detection of structural change was lower than specificity for both imaging methods and all observers. For agreement with the reference assessment of structural change, correlation coefficients were generally below 0.5 for DR and 0.49–0.82 for sCT. For horses categorised as normal risk on reference assessment, observer assessment often agreed with the reference. Sensitivity for risk assessment was lower than specificity for all observers. For horses with a reference assessment of high risk of injury, observers generally underestimated risk. Diagnostic sensitivity of risk assessment was improved with sCT imaging, particularly for horses categorised as having elevated risk of injury from the reference assessment. Assessment repeatability and reliability was better with sCT than DR.Main limitationsThe ex vivo study design influenced DR image sets.ConclusionsRisk assessment through screening with diagnostic imaging is a promising approach to improve injury prevention in racing Thoroughbreds. Knowledge of sensitivity and specificity of fetlock lesion detection provides the critical guidance needed to improve racehorse screening programs. We found improved detection of MC3 subchondral structural change and risk assessment for condylar stress fracture with sCT ex vivo.
Mapping associations of polygenic scores with autistic and ADHD traits in a single city region
Authors: Reed Zoe E. , Thomas Richard , Boyd Andy , Griffith Gareth J. , Morris Tim T. , Rai Dheeraj , Manley David , Davey Smith George , Davis Oliver S.P. 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundThe genetic and environmental aetiology of autistic and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) traits is known to vary spatially, but does this translate into variation in the association of specific common genetic variants?MethodsWe mapped associations between polygenic scores for autism and ADHD and their respective traits in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (N = 4,255–6,165) across the area surrounding Bristol, UK, and compared them to maps of environments associated with the prevalence of autism and ADHD.ResultsOur results suggest genetic associations vary spatially, with consistent patterns for autistic traits across polygenic scores constructed at different p‐value thresholds. Patterns for ADHD traits were more variable across thresholds. We found that the spatial distributions often correlated with known environmental influences.ConclusionsThese findings shed light on the factors that contribute to the complex interplay between the environment and genetic influences in autistic and ADHD traits.
The extended impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on long‐term care residents in Medicare with frailty or dual Medicaid enrollment
Authors: Lin Sunny C. , Zheng Jie , Epstein Arnold , Orav E. John , Barnett Michael , Grabowski David C. , Joynt Maddox Karen E. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundAlthough many healthcare settings have since returned to pre‐pandemic levels of operation, long‐term care (LTC) facilities have experienced extended and significant changes to operations, including unprecedented levels of short staffing and facility closures, that may have a detrimental effect on resident outcomes. This study assessed the pandemic's extended effect on outcomes for LTC residents, comparing outcomes 1 and 2 years after the start of the pandemic to pre‐pandemic times, with special focus on residents with frailty and dually enrolled in Medicare and Medicaid.MethodsUsing Medicare claims data from January 1, 2018, through December 31, 2022, we ran over‐dispersed Poisson models to compare the monthly adjusted rates of emergency department use, hospitalization, and mortality among LTC residents, comparing residents with and without frailty and dually enrolled and non‐dually enrolled residents.ResultsTwo years after the start of the pandemic, adjusted emergency department (ED) and hospitalization rates were lower and adjusted mortality rates were higher compared with pre‐pandemic years for all examined subgroups. For example, compared with 2018–2019, 2022 ED visit rates for dually enrolled residents were 0.89 times lower, hospitalization rates were 0.87 times lower, and mortality rates were 1.17 higher; 2022 ED visit rates for frail residents were 0.85 times lower, hospitalization rates were 0.83 times lower, and mortality rates were 1.21 higher.ConclusionsIn 2022, emergency department and hospital utilization rates among long‐term residents were lower than pre‐pandemic levels and mortality rates were higher than pre‐pandemic levels. These findings suggest that the pandemic has had an extended impact on outcomes for LTC residents.
“What choice do we have?” Reactive and proactive decision‐making for aging in place with dementia
Authors: Auriemma Catherine L. , Butt Maayra I. , McMillan Julia , Silvestri Jasmine A. , Chow Carolyn , Bahti Melanie , Klaiman Tamar , Harkins Kristin , Karlawish Jason , Halpern Scott D. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundPromoting options for aging in place (AIP) has broad appeal to policymakers and professionals providing services to persons living with dementia (PWD). However, the benefits or burdens of AIP likely vary among individuals and families. We sought to describe factors influencing decision‐making to age in place versus seek a higher level of residential care for PWD.MethodsA qualitative study was undertaken as part of a larger mixed‐methods study utilizing semi‐structured interviews with PWD, family care partners, and dementia clinicians. Interview transcripts were analyzed using qualitative content analysis with constant comparison. Sample size was determined by thematic saturation within subgroups.ResultsWe conducted 74 interviews among 14 PWD, 36 care partners, and 24 clinicians. Preferences for AIP were driven by (1) desire to preserve independence, (2) a sense that the “best care” is delivered by loved ones and in a familiar environment, (3) distrust and fear of care facilities, and (4) caregiver guilt. PWD and care partners frequently considered moving from home as a “last resort” and wanted to avoid planning for future care needs. Many decisions to move were reactive and triggered by patient safety events, physical dependency, or the loss of caregiver. Proactive decision‐making was facilitated by (1) prior experience witnessing the challenges of caring for a person with advanced dementia in the home; and (2) having substantial financial resources such that participants could seek major home adaptations or avoid “lower quality” institutions.ConclusionsDecisions regarding care setting for PWD frequently do not feel like a choice and are made under imperfect conditions. Programs using AIP as an outcome measure should recognize the various patient‐centered and non‐patient‐centered factors that influence such choices, and interventions should be designed to promote more informed and equitable decision‐making for care setting in dementia.
Influence of collagen peptide supplementation on visible signs of skin and nail health and ‐aging in an East Asian population: A double blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Vleminckx Sara , Virgilio Nicolina , Asserin Jerome , Prawitt Janne , Silva Catarina I. F. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundA healthy skin provides protection against intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Skin aging is characterized by structural and morphological alterations affecting skin health, integrity, and functionality, resulting in visible aging signs.AimThe primary objective of this study was to assess the effect of a collagen peptide dietary supplement on skin aging in the East Asian population.MethodsEighty‐five healthy women, aged from 43 to 65 years old, were randomly assigned to the collagen supplement (CP, 5 g) or placebo (maltodextrin, 5 g) group. To standardize daily skin care, the volunteers in both groups used a specific face cream for 28 days prior to and throughout the supplementation period, creating an equal baseline for the assessment of the efficacy of CP on several skin parameters. At baseline, day 28 and day 84, the following hallmarks of skin and nail aging were assessed: dermis density, skin moisture and elasticity, wrinkle visibility, beauty perception, and nail color.ResultsAfter 84 days, a significant improvement of dermis density and skin moisture was observed in the collagen peptides group compared to the placebo group. Positive effects on skin elasticity, wrinkle visibility, nail color, and overall beauty perception were already observed within 28 days of supplementation in the CP group, while the same effects in the placebo group were only observed after 84 days.ConclusionTaken together, these results show that, in addition to a standardized skin care, daily supplementation with 5 g of collagen peptides positively affects visible signs of skin and nail aging in the East Asian population.
Investigating metabolic syndrome markers and body mass index changes in patients with acne vulgaris treated with isotretinoin: A prospective study
Authors: Bazargan Afsaneh Sadeghzadeh , Jafarzadeh Alireza , Danandeh Fatemeh , Salehi Sepideh 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundAcne vulgaris is a common inflammatory skin disease that occurs during puberty, affecting approximately 85% of young adults and may persist into adulthood. The pathophysiology of acne is multifactorial, involving hormonal, inflammatory, and immune mechanisms. Isotretinoin is widely used for treating severe cystic acne or recurrent acne. This medication is considered a pharmacological option that significantly reduces sebum secretion, leading to a reduction in the size of sebaceous glands. It also induces a lack of differentiation in sebaceous cysts, resulting in a decrease in lipid accumulation.MethodThis research is a prospective study. Patient contact details were obtained directly from those visiting the dermatology clinic, and they were monitored for a duration of 3 months. Essential data was gathered through patient examinations and inquiries at the clinic, including the prescription of tests prior to initiating isotretinoin treatment. Furthermore, follow‐up tests and examinations were performed within the initial and third months post‐treatment commencement.ResultsSixty‐two patients participated in the study, selected through non‐probability (convenience) sampling. The therapeutic dose taken by patients was 20 mg of isotretinoin daily (n = 49) or every other day (n = 13). Among the participants, six patients experienced a decrease of 3 units or more in HDL levels, while 16 patients saw an increase of 3 units or more in LDL levels, 3 months after beginning the treatment. Additionally, the triglyceride (TG) levels increased by 9 units or more in six individuals, and the blood sugar (BS) levels increased by 5 units or more in nine individuals, 3 months after treatment initiation. Moreover, one person's waist circumference increased by 1.5 cm 3 months after treatment began. The average weight of the individuals at the end of the treatment rose from 60.74 kg to 61.12 kg. However, this weight increase was not statistically significant. (p > 0.05).ConclusionIn general, the results of our study show that the use of oral isotretinoin as a treatment option for the management of acne vulgaris can be effective when administered at the correct dosage, offering a safe and low‐complication option.
A digital workflow for full‐mouth rehabilitation using CAD‐CAM tooth reduction template
Authors: Liu Huanhuan , He Zijing , Xie Chenyang , Rao Sihan , Yu Haiyang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA digital workflow is presented for multiple transfers of targeted jaw relation and restorative spaces from interim to definitive restorations in patients with severe tooth wear. Following analysis of the targeted restorative space, segmented arch stereolithographic templates were digitally created and fabricated for precise control of reduction depth. Then, the jaw relation was transferred from the initially determined stabilization splint to the temporary fixed restoration and definitive restoration by using a digital articulator. This digital approach yielded a stabilized jaw relationship and restorative spaces transferring effect throughout successive stages of occlusal reconstruction resulting in satisfactory prosthetic outcomes.
The effect of therapeutic touch on colic symptoms in infantile colic infants: A randomised controlled study
Authors: Ateş Beşirik Selda , Geçkil Emine 
Published: August 2024

AimThis study aimed to examine the effects of therapeutic touch (TT) on infantile colic symptoms (Infant Colic Scale (ICS) score, crying time and sleep time).MethodsThis randomised controlled trial included infants aged 4–12 weeks diagnosed with infantile colic in a pediatric unit of a hospital. Infants were assigned to intervention or control groups using a stratified randomisation method. The intervention group received TT sessions six times, 3 days a week, in addition to usual care for 2 weeks. The control group received the usual care. Data were collected using Mother–Infant Information Form, ICS, Crying and Sleep Time Follow‐Up Forms. The infants were followed up for two weeks.ResultsA total of 64 infants who met the criteria were included in the study, including intervention (n = 32) and control (n = 32) groups. There was a statistically significant difference between the groups (intervention and control) in terms of ICS scores (U = 4.5; P < 0.001; d = 3.252; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.505–3.999), crying time (F = 57.097; ŋp2 = 0.461; P < 0.001) and sleep time (F = 17.884; ŋp2 = 0.211; P < 0.001). When the intervention group was compared with the control group at all time points, the size of the effect (group × time interaction) was found to be high.ConclusionsTT effectively relieved symptoms, decreased crying time and increased sleep time in infants with infantile colic. TT is recommended to relieve colic in infants.