bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High interferon‐stimulated gene ISG‐15 expression affects HCV treatment outcome in patients co‐infected with HIV and HCV
Authors: Katsounas Antonios , Hubbard Jonathan J. , Wang Crystal H. , Zhang Xiaozhen , Dou Diana , Shivakumar Bhavana , Winter Sophie , Schlaak Joerg F. , Lempicki Richard A. , Masur Henry , Polis Michael , Kottilil Shyam , Osinusi Anu 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIncreased baseline expression and lack of induction of interferon‐stimulated genes (ISG) are strong negative predictors of therapeutic response to PegIFN/RBV in patients co‐infected with HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV). This study specifically addressed whether ISG‐15 expression influences therapeutic responses in 20 HIV/HCV genotype‐1 subjects undergoing HCV treatment. Non‐responders had significantly higher baseline expression and selective induction of ISG‐15 after IFN‐α treatment relative to participants with sustained virological response. High baseline levels of ISG‐15 were also associated with less induction of ISG with treatment. These results support a role for ISG‐15 as a prognostic indicator and resistance factor to IFN‐α. J. Med. Virol. 85: 959–963, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Gamma‐Irradiation to Modify Properties in Polypyrroles Synthesized by Plasmas
Authors: Lopez Osvaldo G. , Cruz Guillermo J. , Olayo Ma. Guadalupe , Gomez Lidia Ma. , Gonzalez‐Torres Maribel , Gomez Rosa Ma. , Garcia‐Rosales Genoveva 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis work presents a study about the effect of gamma irradiation in plasma polymers derived from pyrrole. Gamma rays modify the whole energetic equilibrium between the nucleus and the electron clouds which results in rearrangements of atoms, molecules and in modifications in the properties of irradiated materials. Two types of interactions were analyzed, in polypyrroles synthesized from irradiated monomers, and in polypyrroles irradiated after the synthesis. The doses studied were 18 and 40 kGy. The polymers were synthesized by plasma at 13.56 MHz and 100 W. The results indicated that the exposure to gammas promoted dehydrogenation and creation of groups with double and triple bonds. The multiple bonding was reflected in the electrical conductivity which increased up to 9 orders of magnitude, from 10−11 in non irradiated polymers to 10−2 S/m in the polymers synthesized with monomers irradiated at 40 kGy. Another effect of gammas was the increase in the roughness of polymers which affects the hydrophilicity, this property was evaluated by measuring the contact angle of polymers with a Krebs‐Ringer solution. The angles reached up to 72° in surfaces with the greatest pores.
Heterogeneous Ethylene and Alpha‐Olefin Copolymerization Using Zirconocene Aluminohydride Complexes
Authors: Pérez Odilia , Soares João B. P. , García Maricela , Comparán Víctor E. , McCoy John , Cadenas Gregorio 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn this work we studied the copolymerization of ethylene and different alpha‐olefins (propylene, 1‐butene, 1‐hexene, and 1‐octene) using aluminohydride zirconocene systems supported on modified silica. The copolymerization reactions were carried out in hexanes, at different Al/Zr ratios, using two different comonomer concentrations. The effect of comonomer type on catalyst activity and polymer molecular weight and chemical composition distributions (MWD and CCD) was compared. Average comonomer incorporation was determined by 13C NMR and the CCD by crystallization elution fractionation (CEF). Most of the copolymerizations showed very high catalytic activity (up to 4000 Kg PE/mol Zr), and the molecular weight was higher for the copolymers containing 1‐octene, demonstrating that aluminohydride zirconocene systems can copolymerize ethylene and alpha‐olefins effectively.
Long‐term safety and efficacy of preladenant in subjects with fluctuating Parkinson's disease
Authors: Factor Stewart A. , Wolski Kenneth , Togasaki Daniel M. , Huyck Susan , Cantillon Marc , Ho T.W. , Hauser Robert A. , Pourcher Emmanuelle 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTBackgroundPreladenant is a selective adenosine A2A receptor antagonist under investigation for Parkinson's disease treatment.MethodsA phase 2 36‐week open‐label follow‐up of a double‐blind study using preladenant 5 mg twice a day as a levodopa adjunct in 140 subjects with fluctuating Parkinson's disease was conducted. The primary end point was adverse event (AE) assessment. Secondary (efficacy) analyses included hours/day spent in OFF and ON states and dyskinesia prevalence/severity.ResultsThe 36‐week open‐label phase was completed by 106 of 140 subjects (76%). AE‐related treatment discontinuations occurred in 19 subjects (14%). Treatment‐emergent AEs, reported by ≥15% of subjects, were dyskinesia (33%) and constipation (19%). Preladenant 5 mg twice a day provided OFF time reductions (1.4–1.9 hours/day) and ON time increases (1.2–1.5 hours/day) throughout the 36‐week treatment relative to the baseline of the double‐blind study.ConclusionsLong‐term preladenant treatment (5 mg twice a day) was generally well tolerated and provided sustained OFF time reductions and ON time increases. © 2013 Movement Disorder Society
One Light Source — All Colors
Authors: Sowade Rosita , Kießling Jens , Breunig Ingo 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA single source emitting single‐frequency light with tunable color and without the need of changing toxic chemicals, as it is the case for dye lasers, is desired by many scientists. The Department of Microsystems Engineering IMTEK at the University of Freiburg together with the Fraunhofer Institute for Physical Measurement Techniques IPM now extend the tuning range of continuous‐wave optical parametric oscillators into the visible spectrum by integrated, intra‐cavity frequency doubling. Combination of these two nonlinear‐optical effects enables the operator to deliberately choose any wavelength between 430 and 690 nm.
Polarization Analyzer for Fiber Optics and Free Beam Applications
Authors: Krischke Anja , Schulz Michael , Knothe Christian , Oechsner Ulrich 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe state of polarization plays an integral role in many optical measurement techniques. The defined adjustment and setting of the polarization as well as its precise measurement often is fundamental to further success. The polarization analyzer was developed for the precise coupling of linearly polarized light into polarization‐maintaining fibers as well as for the setting of a well‐defined state of polarization in free beam applications (Fig. 1). The compact design with communication and power supply via USB facilitates its easy incorporation into already existing setups, whether used as a mobile measuring device or permanently built into an industrial routine.
At the Limits: How to Detect Relativistic Electrons?
Authors: Thoma Petra , Judin Vitali 
Published: April 2013

AbstractSynchrotron radiation generated by a charged particle with relativistic speed deflected on circular paths is a well‐known physical phenomenon. However, in recent years this principle of radiation generation was further developed to generate picosecond pulses in the terahertz frequency range, thus closing a long‐lasting gap in brilliant pulsed terahertz sources. Recently, this radiation was detected in real‐time by ultra‐fast detectors connected to a high‐speed readout, thus allowing now the optimization of its generation. By that, new insights in diverse fields of physics are gained at the same time.
Managing comorbidity in epilepsy and dementia
Authors: Lanyon Karen , Greaves Ian 
Published: April 2013

AbstractOur series of Commentaries from the Primary Care Neurology Society (P‐CNS) aim to provide a primary care perspective on the neurology articles featured in each issue of Progress. Here, Dr Karen Lanyon provides a commentary on our Review ‘What do we know about depression in people with epilepsy?’ (see page 20 of this issue) and Dr Ian Greaves gives his perspective on ‘Clarifying the link between Alzheimer's and vascular disease’ (page 27).
Study of a Classical Strobe Composition
Authors: Corbel Justine M. L. , van Lingen Joost N. J. , Zevenbergen John Z. , Gijzeman Onno L. J. , Meijerink Andries 
Published: April 2013

AbstractMany strobe compositions were discovered in the past but only a few have been studied and none of them were fully understood. This article aimed at introducing the ternary composition of ammonium perchlorate as oxidizer, magnalium as fuel, and barium sulfate as metal salt. Parameters that influence its performances are analyzed. First, the binary compositions ammonium perchlorate/magnesium and ammonium perchlorate/magnalium were studied to observe the differences in behavior by using magnalium instead of magnesium. Next, variations were applied to the ternary composition changing the fuel: oxidizer:metal salt ratio. Finally the effect of potassium dichromate was analyzed. It is often added to the composition because it is known to improve the regularity and sharpness of flashes. The burning behavior was recorded using a high speed camera, together with emission spectra using a Charged‐Coupled Device (CCD) camera coupled with a spectrometer and the temporal evolution of the intensity with a photodiode coupled with an oscilloscope. The results of the experiment give first insights into the physical and chemical mechanisms and give directions to the further study on strobe reactions.
Effects of NTO Oxidizer Temperature and Pressure on Hypergolic Ignition Delay and Life Time of UDMH Organic Gel Droplet
Authors: He Bo , Nie Wansheng , Feng Songjiang , Su Lingyu , Zhuang Fengchen 
Published: April 2013

AbstractOrganic gel propellants are promising candidates for a variety of rocket motor and scramjet applications, since they are intrinsically safe and provide high performance. It is well known that organic gel fuel droplets exhibit distinct combustion characteristics compared with conventional liquid fuel droplets, and furthermore an understanding of the ignition delay and lifetime of these droplets is critical to the improvement of combustor design. In this work, investigations of the combustion of unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) organic gel droplets in different nitrogen tetroxide (NTO) oxidizing atmospheres were conducted using two sets of experimental apparatus. The combustion characteristics under different conditions of temperature and pressure were compared and analyzed based on the flame shapes observed during experimentation. From these trials, an unsteady combustion model was developed and used for the numerical simulation of spray‐sized UDMH organic gel droplet combustion in an NTO atmosphere. The hypergolic ignition and burning characteristics of the organic gel droplets under conditions simulating either engine startup or steady state combustion were compared, and changes in ignition delay and droplet lifetime with ambient temperature and pressure were analyzed. The experimental and numerical results show that the UDMH organic gel droplets exhibit periodic swell‐burst behavior following the formation of an elastic film at the droplet surface. Each droplet burst results in fuel vapor ejection and flame distortion, the intensity of which declines with increasing ambient pressure. However, the swell‐burst period is extended with increasing ambient pressure, which results in potential flameout. Under conditions of low temperature and pressure similar to those at engine startup, the ignition delay and lifetime of spray‐sized gel droplets decrease with increasing temperature or pressure, although there is a sharp increase in droplet lifetime when the ambient pressure reaches a critical value associated with flameout. The ignition delay was found to be a rate‐limited phenomenon linked to the droplet heating rate. The proportion of ignition delay and droplet lifetime due to droplet heating‐up decreased with increasing temperature or decreasing pressure. Conversely, at high temperatures and pressures simulating the engine’s steady state operating conditions, the droplets were observed to flameout after several swell‐burst periods and both ignition delay and lifetime decreased monotonically with increasing temperature or pressure. The ignition delay time was determined to be rate‐limited by gas phase chemical reactions and contributed very little to the overall droplet lifetime compared with the engine startup condition.
Application of external tensile and compressive strain on a single layer InAs/GaAs quantum dot via epitaxial lift‐off
Authors: Omambac K. M. , Porquez J. G. , Afalla J. , Vasquez D. , Balgos M. H. M. , Jaculbia R. , Somintac A. S. , Salvador A. A. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractTensile and compressive strains via epitaxial lift‐off (ELO) techniques were applied on single‐layer InAs/GaAs quantum dots (QDs). At low temperatures, due to the difference in thermal expansion coefficients of the ELO film and host substrate, the ELO QDs film bonded to Si and MgO substrates experienced tensile and compressive strain, respectively. At 13 K, we observed that the photoluminescence (PL) spectra of the ELO film bonded to MgO blueshifts by 10 meV while the ELO film bonded to Si redshifts by 8.5 meV with respect to the ground state of the as‐grown sample. The estimated tensile and compressive strains at this temperature were determined by monitoring the valence‐band splitting of the GaAs PL peak. The film bonded to Si has a light hole (lh) to heavy hole (hh) energy separation of 4.6 meV, resulting to values of strain,  = 6.049 × 10−4 and stress, X = 0.746 × 10−3 kbar or 74.6 MPa. On the other hand, the film bonded on MgO has an lh–hh energy separation of 3.7 meV, giving  = 4.8 × 10−4 and X = 0.24 × 10−3 kbar or 24 MPa. Furthermore, we also observed a reversal of the PL intensity peak between the ground and excited‐state transition of the film bonded on silicon only. A plateau‐like feature between the two peaks also emerged, indicating the presence of another optical transition, which is enhanced due to application of tensile strain. We associated this peak to the 1LO‐phonon replica of the PL transition resulting from the excited state. Based on these observations, this reversal is most likely attributed to the reduction of the carrier‐relaxation mechanism from excited states to the ground‐state transition upon the application of tensile strain. Finally, the result of this study showed the efficacy of the ELO technique as an alternative way of introducing variable tensile and compressive strain in the InAs/GaAs QD's heterostructure.
Exploring How Engaging With Reflection on Learning Generates Pedagogical Insight in Science Teacher Education
Authors: PARKER JOAN , HEYWOOD DAVID 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTOpportunities for the development of science‐related pedagogy during training are necessarily limited for the generalist primary (elementary), preservice teacher. While school placement is an important context within which to develop such professional expertise, the role of institution‐based learning is less well understood in this regard. This paper explores the generation of science‐related pedagogy as preservice primary teachers learn about the traditionally challenging subject of forces as part of their institution‐based science education course. Findings illustrate how critical interpretation of the school curriculum is informed as a consequence of preservice teachers developing metacognitive awareness of their own learning of science. A subject matter learning audit provides a framework to enable the teachers to analyze their learning and apply their perspectives to the primary curriculum through focusing attention on the abstract and counterintuitive nature of forces. Pedagogic insight emerges as the student‐teachers craft successive reflective accounts of their own understanding of forces and interpret the curriculum relating to forces. In doing so, they begin to translate their learning as pedagogical apparatus for their future work with pupils. The paper concludes with discussion of some implications for the role of institution‐based learning in the development of pedagogical subject knowledge in science. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 97:410–441, 2013
Examining the Efficacy and Maintenance of Contracture Correction after Collagenase Clostridium Histolyticum Treatment for Dupuytren's Disease
Authors: McMahon Heather A. , Bachoura Abdo , Jacoby Sidney M. , Zelouf David S. , Culp Randall W. , Osterman A. Lee 
Published: April 2013

Background This study examined the efficacy, complications, and contracture recurrence in patients who received injectable collagenase clostridium histolyticum (CCH) for Dupuytren's-induced metacarpophalangeal (MP) and proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint contractures. Methods A retrospective chart review at one center compared the degree of MP and PIP joint contracture pre-injection, post-cord rupture, and at final follow-up after a minimum duration of 6 months. Recurrence was defined as a 20 ° or greater increase in contracture above the minimum value achieved. Results Of 102 eligible patients, 48 patients (47 %) (31 males, 17 females) were available for review. 53 digits and 64 joints (46 MP joints and 18 PIP joints) were studied. The mean patient age was 66 years (range, 48–87 years) and mean follow-up duration was 15 months (range, 6 to 25 months). The mean MP joint contracture was 51 ± 20 ° at baseline, 4 ± 2 ° post-cord rupture, and 9 ± 2 ° at latest follow-up. The mean PIP joint contracture was 39 ± 2 ° at baseline, 14 ± 2 ° at cord rupture, and 29 ± 2 ° at latest follow-up. Of the 46 MP joints and 18 PIP joints, 11 MP (24 %) and 7 (39 %) PIP joints met the recurrence criteria. Of 102 patients, 1 patient had a small finger flexor tendon rupture. Conclusions Despite the dramatic initial reduction in contracture, recurrence developed in a high proportion of patients over the study period. While initially effective, CCH may not provide durable contracture reduction. However, CCH remains a viable nonsurgical treatment for Dupuytren's disease.
Molecular identification of the first local dengue fever outbreak in Shenzhen city, China: a potential imported vertical transmission from Southeast Asia?
Authors: YANG F. , GUO G. Z. , CHEN J. Q. , MA H. W. , LIU T. , HUANG D. N. , YAO C. H. , ZHANG R. L. , XUE C. F. , ZHANG L. 
Published: April 2013

SUMMARYA suspected dengue fever outbreak occurred in 2010 at a solitary construction site in Shenzhen city, China. To investigate this epidemic, we used serological, molecular biological, and bioinformatics techniques. Of nine serum samples from suspected patients, we detected seven positive for dengue virus (DENV) antibodies, eight for DENV-1 RNA, and three containing live viruses. The isolated virus, SZ1029 strain, was sequenced and confirmed as DENV-1, showing the highest E-gene homology to D1/Malaysia/36000/05 and SG(EHI)DED142808 strains recently reported in Southeast Asia. Further phylogenetic tree analysis confirmed their close relationship. At the epidemic site, we also detected 14 asymptomatic co-workers (out of 291) positive for DENV antibody, and DENV-1-positive mosquitoes. Thus, we concluded that DENV-1 caused the first local dengue fever outbreak in Shenzhen. Because no imported case was identified, the molecular fingerprints of the SZ1029 strain suggest this outbreak may be due to vertical transmission imported from Southeast Asia.
“i didn’t spel that wrong did i. Oops”
Authors: Tagg Caroline , Baron Alistair , Rayson Paul 
Published: April 2013

Spelling variation, although present in all varieties of English, is particularly prevalent in SMS text messaging. Researchers argue that spelling variants in SMSes are principled and meaningful, reflecting patterns of variation across historical and contemporary texts, and contributing to the performance of social identities. However, little attempt has yet been made to empirically validate SMS spelling patterns (for most languages, with the notable exception of French) and verify the extent to which they mirror those in other texts.
This article reports on the use of the VARD2 tool to analyse and normalise the spelling variation in a corpus of over 11,000 SMSes collected in the UK between 2004 and 2007. A second tool, DICER, was used to examine the variant and equivalent mappings from the normalised corpus. The database of rules and frequencies enables comparison with other text types and the automatic normalisation of spelling in larger SMS corpora.
As well as examining various spelling trends with the DICER analysis it was also possible to place the spelling variants found in the SMS corpus into functional categories; the ultimate aim being to create a taxonomy of SMS spelling. The article reports on the findings from this categorisation process, whilst also discussing the difficulty in choosing categories for some spelling variants.
Perioperative glucocorticoids in hip and knee surgery – benefit vs. harm? A review of randomized clinical trials
Authors: LUNN T. H. , KEHLET H. 
Published: April 2013

Glucocorticoids are frequently used to prevent post‐operative nausea and vomiting (PONV), and may be part of multimodal analgesic regimes. The objective of this review was to evaluate the overall benefit vs. harm of perioperative glucocorticoids in patients undergoing hip or knee surgery. A wide search was performed in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central to identify relevant randomized clinical trials. A systematic approach was used, starting from the PRISMA recommendations. The Cochrane Collaboration's tool was used for risk of bias assessment. Studies were divided into three groups: systemic glucocorticoid administration analogous to > 10 mg or ≤ 10 mg dexamethasone, and local glucocorticoid administration. Seventeen studies with data from 1081 patients were included in the final qualitative synthesis. Benefit (of any kind) with glucocorticoid vs. placebo was reported in 15 studies. PONV was reduced with systemic glucocorticoid. Pain was reduced with high‐dose systemic and local glucocorticoid, but not with low‐dose systemic glucocorticoid. Systemic inflammatory markers were reduced with low‐dose and high‐dose systemic glucocorticoid, and with local glucocorticoid. Functional recovery was improved with local glucocorticoid. All studies were small‐sized and none sufficiently powered to meaningfully evaluate uncommon adverse events. Most of the local administration studies had poor scientific quality (high risk of bias). Due to clinical heterogeneity and poor scientific quality, no meta‐analysis was performed.In conclusion, in addition to PONV reduction with low‐dose systemic glucocorticoid, this review supports high‐dose systemic glucocorticoid to ameliorate post‐operative pain after hip and knee surgery. However, large‐scale safety and dose‐finding studies are warranted before final recommendations.