bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The co‐location of CD14+APOE+ cells and MMP7+ tumour cells contributed to worse immunotherapy response in non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Fan Guangyu , Xie Tongji , Tang Le , Li Lin , Han Xiaohong , Shi Yuankai 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntra‐tumour immune infiltration is a crucial determinant affecting immunotherapy response in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, its phenotype and related spatial structure have remained elusive. To overcome these restrictions, we undertook a comprehensive study comprising spatial transcriptomic (ST) data (28 712 spots from six samples). We identified two distinct intra‐tumour infiltration patterns: immune exclusion (characterised by myeloid cells) and immune activation (characterised by plasma cells). The immune exclusion and immune activation signatures showed adverse and favourable roles in NSCLC patients' survival, respectively. Notably, CD14+APOE+ cells were recognised as the main cell type in immune exclusion samples, with increased epithelial‒mesenchymal transition and decreased immune activities. The co‐location of CD14+APOE+ cells and MMP7+ tumour cells was observed in both ST and bulk transcriptomics data, validated by multiplex immunofluorescence performed on 20 NSCLC samples. The co‐location area exhibited the upregulation of proliferation‐related pathways and hypoxia activities. This co‐localisation inhibited T‐cell infiltration and the formation of tertiary lymphoid structures. Both CD14+APOE+ cells and MMP7+ tumour cells were associated with worse survival. In an immunotherapy cohort from the ORIENT‐3 clinical trial, NSCLC patients who responded unfavourably exhibited higher infiltration of CD14+APOE+ cells and MMP7+ tumour cells. Within the co‐location area, the MK, SEMA3 and Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) signalling pathway was most active in cell‒cell communication. This study identified immune exclusion and activation patterns in NSCLC and the co‐location of CD14+APOE+ cells and MMP7+ tumour cells as contributors to immune resistance.
Pleomorphic Liposarcoma Cytologically Detected in Hemosiderotic Pleural Effusion: Pitfalls Mitigated by Cytologic Clues and Cellblock Immunocytochemistry
Authors: AbdullGaffar Badr , Keloth Tasnim 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTSarcomatous serous effusions are uncommon and diagnostically challenging. Dedifferentiated and pleomorphic liposarcomas are rare tumors in pleural effusions revealing highly pleomorphic tumor cells mimicking carcinoma, mesothelioma, melanoma, and other sarcomas. Hematothoracic effusions further complicate the cytologic diagnosis. Correct cytologic recognition is important. We report pleomorphic liposarcoma cytologically detected in effusion fluid in a 56‐year‐old man who presented with a massive unilateral pleural effusion. ThinPrep showed hemorrhagic effusion fluid characterized by lysed red blood cells, foamy macrophages, and siderophages intermixed with highly pleomorphic predominantly naked mononuclear and giant nuclei. The aggregated siderophages and vacuolated macrophages could be mistaken for tumor cells, whereas the bare nuclei may be missed as nonspecific degenerate changes. Cellblock sections showed highly pleomorphic mononuclear and multinucleated giant tumor cells with diagnostic lipoblasts, intermixed with foamy macrophages and siderophages. Cellblock immunocytochemistry showed staining for vimentin and S‐100 protein in the tumor cells. Other lineage‐specific immunomarkers were negative. CD68 and calretinin revealed frequent background macrophages and scarce mesothelial cells. The tumor cells were negative for MDM2 and CDK4. The entertained cytopathologic diagnosis was pleomorphic liposarcoma. Core needle biopsy was procured from the mass. The histopathologic features and immunoprofile of the tissue specimen matched the cytopathologic and immunocytochemical findings confirming the cytologic diagnosis of pleomorphic liposarcoma. Pleomorphic liposarcoma is an unexpected cytologically challenging finding in effusions, particularly when compounded by pitfalls introduced by hemosiderotic fluid. Attention to certain cytologic clues mitigate pitfalls. Cellblock is a valuable diagnostic tool when integrated with relevant negative and positive immunocytochemical markers.
A rapid and simple endoscopic resection of gastric fundus submucosal tumors
Authors: Guo Mingwen , Yang Bing , Guo Yi Juan , Yang WenGuang , Wen SiChao , Ren YuHong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA 56‐year‐old male patient was diagnosed with a submucosal tumor in the fundus of the stomach. The conventional operation method is endoscopic submucosal dissection. We present a case of rapid tumor resection without employing traditional endoscopic submucosal dissection instruments such as a mucotomy knife and endoscopic injection needle, resulting in substantial cost savings for the patients.
Unveiling the Catalytic Power of Molybdenum Complexes Formed from Acyl‐Hydrazones: Deciphering the Relationship Between Structure, Activity and Mechanisms
Authors: Mrkonja Silvija , Pajski Matea , Topić Edi , Agustin Dominique , Pisk Jana 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMolybdenum complexes featuring acyl‐hydrazones ligands with several substitutions, H2L, have been synthesized using classic solution‐based, hydrothermal, and mechanochemical techniques in diverse solvent environments. Elemental analysis (EA), infrared attenuated total reflection spectroscopy (IR‐ATR), and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) helped to elucidate the structural and thermal properties of these complexes. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (SCXRD) experiments were conducted to determine the crystal and molecular structures of one ligand and six mononuclear complexes, denoted [MoO2(L)(D)] (D=MeOH, EtOH, H2O). The catalytic potential of those Mo compounds was explored in the (ep)oxidation reactions of cyclooctene as model substrate and linalool as natural substrate issued from biomass, employing aqueous tert‐butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as an oxidising agent and no additional organic solvent. Experimental findings were complemented by theoretical density functional theory (DFT) calculations, establishing a correlation between experimental results and theoretical predictions. Insights gained from this comprehensive investigation shed light on the role of ligands in catalytic pathways for both cyclooctene and linalool oxidation, thereby advancing our better understanding of molybdenum‐based catalytic systems.
Electroreduction Reactions Mediated by Organic Molecules: Recent Advances and Applications
Authors: Huang Yubing 
Published: August 2024

AbstractElectroreduction is an important aspect of organic electrochemistry. Its chemistry does not require the addition of additional reductants, making it an effective alternative to various traditional reduction reactions. Among them, organo‐mediated electroreduction is recognized as a promising approach. Organo‐mediators can be reduced directly at the cathode to form reactive radical anions that subsequently reduce the substrate via electron transfer (ET) to initiate the reaction being investigated. Organo‐mediators typically have a more positive reduction potential, and their role in the whole reaction is similar to that of catalysts. Their addition transforms the ET process from the original heterogeneous process into a homogeneous one. Organo‐mediated electroreduction can effectively avoid the over‐electrolysis of the substrate and the product at the electrode and the intolerance of sensitive substrates or functional groups during electrolysis, thereby preventing the occurrence of side reactions. It can also prevent the excessive consumption of reagents and electrical energy while promoting the reaction to achieve higher or completely different selectivity. Considering the advantages of this type of reaction, this review will provide a detailed description of electroreduction reactions mediated by organic molecules in recent years and elucidate the mechanism of the organo‐mediators in the transformations.
FishAI: Automated hierarchical marine fish image classification with vision transformer
Authors: Yang Chenghan , Zhou Peng , Wang Chun‐Sheng , Fu Ge‐Yi , Xu Xue‐Wei , Niu Zhibin , Zhu Lin , Yuan Ye , Shen Hong‐Bin , Pan Xiaoyong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTo address the issues of high demand for efficiently recognizing fish species in marine scientific research, such as impact assessments on biodiversity and monitoring, an automated hierarchical image classification web‐based platform, named FishAI, was developed. Trained with marine fish images collected from the World Register of Marine Species, FishAI used the Vision Transformer (ViT) model, to classify fish. The model considers hierarchy levels, covering 3 classes, 38 orders, 154 families, 438 genera, and 808 species. The FishAI achieved accuracies of 0.975 (Class), 0.798 (Order), 0.743 (Family), 0.638 (Genus), and 0.626 (Species) on test images, respectively, by using the hyperparameter optimization. Comparison between ViT and other baseline backbones proves its superiority by capturing long‐distance dependency. In addition, FishAI yields the top‐5 prediction accuracies of 1.000 (Class), 0.887 (Order), 0.816 (Family), 0.729 (Genus), and 0.727 (Species), respectively. In order to further enhance the practicality of FishAI, the user‐friendly graphic interface (http://www.csbio.sjtu.edu.cn/bioinf/FishAI/) facilitates its easy‐to‐use application. Furthermore, interpretability analysis by Grad‐CAM provides a visual explanation of the highlighted regions on the images for FishAI's prediction among different hierarchies.
Metabolic engineering of crocins and picrocrocin apocarotenoids in potato group phureja
Authors: Gómez‐Gómez Lourdes , López‐Jimenez Alberto José , Martinez Fajardo Cristian , Morote Lucía , Frusciante Sarah , Rambla José Luis , Diretto Gianfranco , Rubio‐Moraga Ángela , Mondejar‐López María , Niza Enrique , Argandoña Javier , Presa Silvia , Granell Antonio , Ahrazem Oussama 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe stigmas of Crocus sativus accumulate the exclusive apocarotenoids crocin and picrocrocin, which are dried and desiccated to make commercial saffron. In addition to providing characteristic organoleptic qualities, saffron apocarotenoids are valuable compounds in the pharmaceutical and health industries. Previously, we developed Desirée potato tubers enriched with these apocarotenoids which also showed increased potential benefits for human health. In the current study, Solanum tuberosum (S. tuberosum) Group Phureja 01H15 which accumulates high levels of zeaxanthin, was engineered to produce saffron apocarotenoids to increase the levels of these metabolites in potato tubers using a construct namely O6, which contains the CsCCD2L, UGT74AD1, and UGT709G1 genes necessary for the biosynthesis of crocin and picrocrocin under the control of the patatin promoter. Here, we obtained transgenic S. tuberosum Group Phureja 01H15 lines with high concentrations of crocins and picrocrocin (up to 3.648 mg/g DW, 2.345 mg/g DW, respectively), which were up to 10 and 3 times higher than those obtained in the Desirée background, respectively. Furthermore, we performed transcriptome analyses of tubers from Desirée and 01H15 wild type and carrying O6 construct. Differentially expressed gene analysis revealed transcript changes not only on tuber carotenoid and apocarotenoid genes but also in other related pathways, suggesting a possible role in isoprenoid metabolism remodeling. Thus, this heterologous system serves as a robust platform for the production of these valuable metabolites.
Establishment of a Flow-Through System for the Macrophyte Growth Inhibition Test (OECD 239) Including Photosynthetic Activity Measurement to Determine Early Effects
Authors: Lousberg Joëlle , Hanfland Jost , Kosak Lena Alix , Eilebrecht Sebastian , Ringbeck Benedikt , Schlich Karsten 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Maintaining constant exposure concentrations during ecotoxicological studies while testing rapidly degradable substances is a challenge. To achieve stable concentrations during exposure, flow-through systems are used. To assess the impact of substances on higher aquatic plants, the 14-day macrophyte water–sediment Myriophyllum spicatum growth inhibition test (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development [OECD, 2014a] test guideline 239) only includes a static or a semistatic test design. The main aim of our study was to investigate the applicability of a flow-through system for M. spicatum. The standard OECD test design was miniaturized, and a flow-through system with spill-over was developed to achieve stable exposure concentrations of a rapidly degrading substance. The main endpoints were total shoot length and fresh and dry weight. Photosynthetic activity was used as an endpoint for the identification of early effects using the noninvasive Image-Producing Pulse Amplitude Modulation (IMAGING-PAM) procedure. Atorvastatin (AV; fast degrading) and bentazone (BT; photosynthesis inhibitor) were used as model substances to observe differences of the effect concentration depending on the test design. At higher exposure levels of AV, stronger necrosis combined with lower effect concentrations was observed in the flow-through test compared with the semistatic test, indicating the applicability of the flow-through test for evaluating degradable substances. The test with BT demonstrated a concentration-dependent decrease in the photosynthetic yield (Y(II)) from day 3 onward even before macroscopically visible changes occurred. Our results show that the flow-through system in the macrophyte growth inhibition test (OECD test guideline 239; 2014a) is a suitable alternative when one is testing rapidly degradable substances such as AV. In addition, we showed that photosynthetic yield can serve as a supplementary endpoint, when one is testing substances with photosynthesis inhibition as a mode of action. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:2589–2600. © 2024 The Author(s). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Astrocytic Ca2+ activation by chemogenetics mitigates the effect of kainic acid‐induced excitotoxicity on the hippocampus
Authors: Hernández‐Martín Nira , Martínez María Gómez , Bascuñana Pablo , Fernández de la Rosa Rubén , García‐García Luis , Gómez Francisca , Solas Maite , Martín Eduardo D. , Pozo Miguel A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAstrocytes play a multifaceted role regulating brain glucose metabolism, ion homeostasis, neurotransmitters clearance, and water dynamics being essential in supporting synaptic function. Under different pathological conditions such as brain stroke, epilepsy, and neurodegenerative disorders, excitotoxicity plays a crucial role, however, the contribution of astrocytic activity in protecting neurons from excitotoxicity‐induced damage is yet to be fully understood. In this work, we evaluated the effect of astrocytic activation by Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADDs) on brain glucose metabolism in wild‐type (WT) mice, and we investigated the effects of sustained astrocyte activation following an insult induced by intrahippocampal (iHPC) kainic acid (KA) injection using 2‐deoxy‐2‐[18F]‐fluoro‐D‐glucose (18F‐FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, along with behavioral test, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and histochemistry. Astrocytic Ca2+ activation increased the 18F‐FDG uptake, but this effect was not found when the study was performed in knock out mice for type‐2 inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate receptor (Ip3r2−/−) nor in floxed mice to abolish glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) expression in hippocampal astrocytes (GLUT1ΔGFAP). Sustained astrocyte activation after KA injection reversed the brain glucose hypometabolism, restored hippocampal function, prevented neuronal death, and increased hippocampal GABA levels. The findings of our study indicate that astrocytic GLUT1 function is crucial for regulating brain glucose metabolism. Astrocytic Ca2+ activation has been shown to promote adaptive changes that significantly contribute to mitigating the effects of KA‐induced damage. This evidence suggests a protective role of activated astrocytes against KA‐induced excitotoxicity.
Influences of thermal and mass stratification on unsteady magnetohydrodynamics parabolic flow along an infinite vertical plate with periodic temperature variation and exponential mass diffusion in porous medium
Authors: Sahu Digbash , Deka Rudra Kanta 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study explores the dynamics of unsteady magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) parabolic flow along an infinite vertical plate, emphasizing the effects of thermal and mass stratification in a porous medium subjected to periodic temperature variation and exponential mass diffusion. Utilizing the Laplace transform technique to obtain precise solutions, this study effectively integrates the impacts of both thermal and mass stratification without dependence on approximations. The main goal is to assess how thermal and mass stratification impact MHD flow dynamics, temperature, and concentration profiles under varying conditions. The study provides a thorough comparison of these findings with traditional nonstratified scenarios, presenting a comprehensive analysis of fluid behavior under diverse conditions. The conclusions reveal that thermal and mass stratifications considerably diminish velocity and stabilize temperature distributions, which suggests a damping influence on fluid movement and improved management of diffusion processes. Enhanced Grashof numbers improve heat and mass transfer efficiency, while magnetic and Darcy parameters significantly influence flow resistance and heat transfer characteristics. These conditions also result in higher Nusselt and Sherwood numbers, indicating increased efficiency in heat and mass transfer. In contrast, scenarios without stratification display higher velocities and more unstable temperature and concentration profiles. The findings highlight the critical role of stratification in improving fluid dynamics and increasing the efficiency of heat and mass transfer processes, offering valuable insights for engineering and environmental applications in similar conditions. The main novelty of the research is being the first to use the Laplace transform for exact solutions on combined thermal and mass stratification in MHD flows, enhancing prediction accuracy and process control.
The preventive and therapeutic role of Lactobacillus spp. in in vitro model of inflammation via affecting autophagy signaling pathway
Authors: Haririzadeh Jouriani Fatemeh , Torfeh Mahnaz , Torkamaneh Mahdi , Sepehr Amin , Rohani Mahdi , Aghamohammad Shadi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundIntestinal inflammation has various causes and leads to some inflammatory diseases, of which autophagy pathway dysfunction could be considered as one of them. Probiotics could have a positive effect on reducing inflammation by activating the autophagy pathway. To evaluate the precise effects of probiotics as preventive and therapeutic agents to control the symptoms of inflammatory diseases, we aimed to investigate the efficacy of Lactobacillus spp. in regulating the autophagy signaling pathway.MethodsA quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction assay was used to analyze the expression of autophagy genes involved in the formation of phagophores, autophagosomes, and autolysosomes after exposing the HT‐29 cell line to sonicated pathogens and adding Lactobacillus spp. before, after, and simultaneously with inflammation. A cytokine assay was also accomplished to evaluate the interleukin (IL)‐6 and IL‐1β level following the probiotic treatment.ResultsLactobacillus spp. generally increased autophagy gene expression and consumption of Lactobacillus spp. before, simultaneously, and after inflammation, ultimately leading to activate autophagy pathways. The proinflammatory cytokines including IL‐6 and IL‐1β decreased after probiotic treatment.ConclusionsOur native probiotic Lactobacillus spp. showed beneficial effects on HT‐29 cells by increasing autophagy gene expression and decreasing the proinflammatory cytokines production in all treatments. Therefore, this novel probiotic cocktail Lactobacillus spp. can prevent and treat inflammation‐related diseases.
Optimal therapeutic strategies for hepatic metachronous oligometastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Insights from a retrospective study
Authors: Huang Haoyang , Zhao Yuping , Deng Ying , Zhan Zejiang , Huang Yingying , Cao Xun , Chen Xi , Zhou Jiayu , Liang Chixiong , Zhang Lulu , Luo Zhuoying , Guo Xiang , Lv Xing 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHepatic metachronous oligometastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (hmoNPC) exhibits distinct clinical characteristics compared to other types of metastatic NPC. We investigated the optimal therapy for hmoNPC. 160 patients with hmoNPC treated in Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center between 2010 and 2021 were retrospectively recruited. A total of 56 patients were classified into the local therapy (LT) cohort, 23 into the systemic therapy (ST) cohort and 81 into the combination therapy (LT + ST) cohort. The median PFS was 7.9 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.1–11.9 months) in the LT cohort, 15.5 months (95% CI: 10.5–32.3 months) in the ST cohort, and 31.3 months (95% CI: 20.3 to NA months) in the LT + ST cohort. The median OS was 41.1 months (95% CI: 30.0–54.0 months) in the LT cohort, 50.4 months (95% CI: 41.5 to NA months) in the ST cohort and not reached (NR) (95% CI: 77.3 to NA months) in the LT + ST cohort. Cox analysis was used to construct nomograms to predict patient outcomes. Among patients with no evidence of disease status after LT, the prognosis was significantly better in the LT + ST cohort than LT cohort (median PFS: NR [95% CI: 29.0 to NA months] vs. 20.0 months [95% CI: 10.4 to NA months]). More survival benefits were achieved with platinum‐based chemotherapy than oral monotherapy (median PFS: NR [95% CI: 21.7 to NA months] vs. 17.2 months [95% CI: 10.2 to NA months]). Fewer postoperative early progression events were observed in neoadjuvant chemotherapy cohort than in adjuvant chemotherapy cohort (2.78% vs. 18.81%, P = .013). In conclusion, combining neoadjuvant platinum‐based chemotherapy and local therapy was the best strategy for patients with hmoNPC.