bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential regulation of belowground rhizospheric ecosystem by biological and chemical nitrogen supplies: implications for maize yield enhancement mechanisms
Authors: Zhang B. , Nasar J. , Dong S. , Zhou X. , Gao Q. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Nitrogen (N) content affects aboveground maize growth and nutrient absorption by altering the belowground rhizospheric ecosystem, impacting both yield and quality. However, the mechanisms through which different N supply methods (chemical and biological N supplies) regulate the belowground rhizospheric ecosystem to enhance maize yield remain unclear.
To address this issue, we conducted a field experiment in northeast China, comprising three treatments: maize monocropping without N fertilizer application (MM), maize/alfalfa intercropping without N fertilizer application (BNF), and maize monocropping with N fertilizer application (CNS). The MM treatment represents the control, while the BNF treatment represents the biological N supply form, and CNS treatment represents the chemical N supply form. In the autumn of 2019, samples of maize and rhizospheric soil were collected to assess parameters including yield, rhizospheric soil characteristics, and microbial indicators.
Both BNF and MM significantly increased maize yield and different yield components compared with MM, with no statistically significant difference in total yield between BNF and CNS. Furthermore, BNF significantly improved N by 12.61% and available N (AN) by 13.20% compared with MM. Furthermore, BNF treatment also significantly increased the Shannon index by 1.90%, while the CNS treatment significantly increased the Chao1 index by 28.1% and ACE index by 29.49%, with no significant difference between CNS and BNF. However, CNS had a more pronounced impact on structure of the rhizosphere soil bacterial community compared to BNF, inducing more significant fluctuations within the microbial network (modularity index and negative cohesion index). Regarding N transformation pathways predicted by bacterial functions, BNF significantly increased the N fixation pathway, while CNS significantly increased assimilatory nitrate reduction. In CNS, AN, NO3‐N, NH4‐N, assimilatory nitrate reduction, and community structure contributed significantly to maize yield, whereas in BNF, N fixation, community structure, community stability, NO3‐N, and NH4‐N played significant roles in enhancing maize yield.
While CNS and BNF can achieve comparable maize yields in practical agricultural production, they have significantly different impacts on the belowground rhizosphere ecosystem, leading to different mechanisms of yield enhancement.
Salt stress alters the cell wall components and structure in Miscanthus sinensis stems
Authors: van der Cruijsen Kasper , Al Hassan Mohamad , van Erven Gijs , Kollerie Nicole , van Lent Bas , Dechesne Annemarie , Dolstra Oene , Paulo Maria‐João , Trindade Luisa M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMiscanthus is a perennial grass suitable for the production of lignocellulosic biomass on marginal lands. The effects of salt stress on Miscanthus cell wall composition and its consequences on biomass quality have nonetheless received relatively little attention. In this study, we investigated how exposure to moderate (100 mM NaCl) or severe (200 mM NaCl) saline growing conditions altered the composition of both primary and secondary cell wall components in the stems of 15 Miscanthus sinensis genotypes. The exposure to stress drastically impacted biomass yield and cell wall composition in terms of content and structural features. In general, the observed compositional changes were more pronounced under severe stress conditions and were more apparent in genotypes with a higher sensitivity towards stress. Besides a severely reduced cellulose content, salt stress led to increased pectin content, presumably in the form of highly branched rhamnogalacturonan type I. Although salt stress had a limited effect on the total lignin content, the acid‐soluble lignin content was strongly increased in the most sensitive genotypes. This effect was also reflected in substantially altered lignin structures and led to a markedly reduced incorporation of syringyl subunits and p‐coumaric acid moieties. Interestingly, plants that were allowed a recovery period after stress ultimately had a reduced lignin content compared to those continuously grown under control conditions. In addition, the salt stress‐induced cell wall alterations contributed to an improved enzymatic saccharification efficiency.
Methyl jasmonate‐induced bHLH42 mediates tissue‐specific accumulation of anthocyanins via regulating flavonoid metabolism‐related pathways in Caitai
Authors: Zhang Dingyu , Sun Lixue , Xi Dandan , Li Xiaofeng , Gao Lu , Miao Liming , Luo Yong , Tian Miaomiao , Zhu Hongfang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAnthocyanin is a type of plant secondary metabolite beneficial to human health. The anthocyanin content of vegetable and fruit crops signifies their nutritional quality. However, the molecular mechanism of anthocyanin accumulation, especially tissue‐specific accumulation, in Caitai, as well as in other Brassica rapa varieties, remains elusive. In the present study, taking advantage of three kinds of Caitai cultivars with diverse colour traits between leaves and stems, we conducted a comparative transcriptome analysis and identified the molecular pathway of anthocyanin biosynthesis in Caitai leaves and stems, respectively. Our further investigations demonstrate that bHLH42, which is robustly induced by MeJA, closely correlates with tissue‐specific accumulation of anthocyanins in Caitai; bHLH42 upregulates the expression of flavonoid/anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway genes to activate anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway, importantly, overexpression of bHLH42 significantly improves the anthocyanin content of Caitai. Our analysis convincingly suggests that bHLH42 induced by jasmonic acid signalling plays a crucial role in tissue‐specific accumulation of anthocyanins in Caitai.
Income disparities and risk: Geographical manifestations of extreme inequities in the United States
Authors: Greenberg Michael R. , Schneider Dona 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe examined hazard and risk‐related metrics of the highest‐ and lowest‐income counties and municipalities in each U.S. state. Indicators of natural and anthropogenic hazards, health outcomes, location of locally unwanted land uses, food insecurity, and other metrics were used to measure social and environmental justice. As expected, the highest‐income places have better health outcomes, access to assets that protect health, and high municipal ratings of place quality compared with their poorest counterparts. Yet, they also have higher natural hazard risks and are more likely to live near concentrations of anthropogenic hazards. That is, high‐income places have a lot to lose. Although the poorest jurisdictions demonstrate cumulative disadvantages, those in rural areas are exposed to less dense motor vehicle traffic and other hazards and risks associated with urban life. Relationships between income and the geography of hazards and risks are not simple. Even the highest‐income areas face challenges. We suggest improvements in databases and tools to increase the focus on and monitoring of the breadth of risks people face in all areas.
HIIT at Home: Enhancing Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Older Adults—A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Fosstveit Sindre H. , Berntsen Sveinung , Feron Jack , Joyce Kelsey E. , Ivarsson Andreas , Segaert Katrien , Lucas Samuel J. E. , Lohne‐Seiler Hilde 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a 6‐month home‐based high‐intensity interval training (HIIT) intervention to improve peak oxygen consumption (V̇O2peak) and lactate threshold (LT) in older adults.MethodsTwo hundred thirty‐three healthy older adults (60–84 years; 54% females) were randomly assigned to either 6‐month, thrice‐weekly home‐based HIIT (once‐weekly circuit training and twice‐weekly interval training) or a passive control group. Exercise sessions were monitored using a Polar watch and a logbook for objective and subjective data, respectively, and guided by a personal coach. The outcomes were assessed using a modified Balke protocol combining V̇O2peak and LT measures. General linear regression models assessed between‐group differences in change and within‐group changes for each outcome.ResultsThere was a significant between‐group difference in the pre‐to‐post change in V̇O2peak (difference: 1.8 [1.2; 2.3] mL/kg/min; exercise: +1.4 [1.0; 1.7] mL/kg/min [~5%]; control: −0.4 [−0.8; −0.0] mL/kg/min [approximately −1.5%]; effect size [ES]: 0.35). Compared with controls, the exercise group had lower blood lactate concentration (−0.7 [−0.9; −0.4] mmol/L, ES: 0.61), % of peak heart rate (−4.4 [−5.7; −3.0], ES: 0.64), and % of V̇O2peak (−4.5 [−6.1; −2.9], ES: 0.60) at the intensity corresponding to preintervention LT and achieved a higher treadmill stage (% incline) at LT (0.6 [0.3; 0.8]; ES: 0.47), following the intervention.ConclusionThis study highlights the effectiveness of a home‐based HIIT intervention as an accessible and equipment‐minimal strategy to induce clinically meaningful improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness in older adults. Over 6 months, the exercise group showed larger improvements in all outcomes compared with the control group. Notably, the LT outcome exhibited a more pronounced magnitude of change than V̇O2peak.
Syntactic Variations in Referential Metonymy
Authors: Wu Zhen 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper explores the syntactic variations of concord in sentences involving referential metonymy in English. Apart from the standard type in which syntactic agreement is shown between the metonymic NP and the verbs or pronouns that follow, this article also discusses and summarizes other types where there are various degrees of disagreement. Moreover, this paper formalizes the principles of Ruiz de Mendoza and Díez (2004) by introducing the metonymic function, and proposes simplification of these principles based on the notion of metonymy as a contingency. Finally, this paper discusses other possible factors – both contextual and non‐contextual – that may lead to these syntactic variations.
SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody levels and long COVID occurrence in blood donors
Authors: Avelino‐Silva Vivian I. , Bruhn Roberta , Zurita Karla G. , Deng Xutao , Yu Elaine A. , Grebe Eduard , Stone Mars , Lanteri Marion C. , Spencer Bryan R. , Busch Michael P. , Custer Brian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundLong COVID is a common condition lacking consensus definition; determinants remain incompletely understood. Characterizing immune profiles associated with long COVID could support the development of preventive and therapeutic strategies.MethodsWe used a survey to investigate blood donors' infection/vaccination history and acute/persistent symptoms following COVID‐19. The prevalence of long COVID was evaluated using self‐report and an adapted definition from the RECOVER study. We evaluated factors associated with long COVID, focusing on anti‐spike and anti‐nucleocapsid SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies. Lastly, we investigated long COVID clinical subphenotypes using hierarchical clustering.ResultsOf 33,610 participants, 16,003 (48%) reported having had COVID‐19; 1853 (12%) had self‐reported long COVID, 685 (4%) met an adapted RECOVER definition, and 2050 (13%) met at least one definition. Higher anti‐nucleocapsid levels measured 12–24 weeks post‐infection were associated with higher risk of self‐reported and RECOVER long COVID. Higher anti‐spike IgG levels measured 12–24 weeks post‐infection were associated with lower risk of self‐reported long COVID. Higher total anti‐spike measured 24–48 weeks post‐infection was associated with lower risk of RECOVER long COVID. Cluster analysis identified four clinical subphenotypes; patterns included neurological and psychiatric for cluster 1; neurological and respiratory for cluster 2; multi‐systemic for cluster 3; and neurological for cluster 4.DiscussionLong COVID prevalence in blood donors varies depending on the adopted definition. Anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies were time‐dependently associated with long COVID; higher anti‐nucleocapsid levels were associated with higher risk; and higher anti‐spike levels were associated with lower risk of long COVID. Different underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms may be associated with distinct clinical subphenotypes.
Transcriptome and proteome analyses reveal genes and signaling pathways involved in the response to two insect hormones in the insect-fungal pathogen
Hirsutella satumaensis
Authors: Qu Jiaojiao , Feng Yongli , Zou Xiao , Zhou Yeming , Cao Wei 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

The insect hormones ecdysone (20E) and juvenile hormone III (JH) have been demonstrated to stimulate the secretion of conidia mucilage and pigments in
Hirsutella satumaensis
. However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, comparative transcriptome and proteome analyses were performed to identify the fungal genes and proteins of
H. satumaensis
that are up- or downregulated in response to insect hormones. A total of 17,407 unigenes and 1,016 proteins in conidia mucilage were identified. The genes involved in response to the hormones were classified into four functional groups: (
1
) stress response-related genes that are required for the removal of reactive oxygen species (glutathione synthetase, c7144) and genes involved in the response to osmotic stress in the hemocoel, such as those encoding proteins involved in the G, mTOR, and MAPK signaling pathways (
2
); insect hormone metabolic genes, including genes encoding ecdysteroid UDP-glucosyltransferase, ecdysteroid-22-kinase, and a key aldehyde dehydrogenase in a juvenile hormone synthesis pathway (
3
); secretory proteins that share homology with those of the host
Bombyx mori
, including fibrohexamerin, sericin 1, metalloprotease 1 protein, and silk gum protein, which were revealed by the omics data; and (
4
) proteins related to amino sugar metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation that were specifically expressed in mucilage in response to 20E and JH, respectively. These findings revealed that
H. satumaensis
can mount effective responses by modulating the expression of genes involved in the detoxification, adaptation, and evasion of insect hormone-mediated immune responses, providing fresh insights into fungal pathogen-host insect interactions.

IMPORTANCE

Insect hormones are highly important for the regulation of insect growth, development, and immune system function. Thus, the expansion of entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) could be affected by these hormones when they inhabit the host hemocoel. However, the molecular basis of EPF in response to insect hormones has yet to be determined. Our results revealed that EPF are impacted by 20E and JH, both of which act as signals, as these hormones lead to changes in metabolic pathways of the fungus, thus demonstrating a direct relationship between the fungus and the hormones. Furthermore, adaptive strategies, such as the use of ecdysone-inactivating enzymes and secreted filamentous proteins in
H. satumaensis
, which strongly resemble those of the host insect, have been discovered, thus illustrating the importance of adaptation to insect hormones for a better understanding of the interaction between insects and EPF.
Double
bla
KPC-2
copies quadrupled minimum inhibitory concentration of ceftazidime–avibactam in hospital-derived
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Hu Dakang , Wang Shijie , Xu Mengqiao , Zhang Jin , Luo Xinhua , Zhou Wei , Ma Qinfei , Ma Xiaobo 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

To illustrate the genomic and drug resistance traits of the
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Kpn_XM9, which harbors a transposon (Tn) As1 and was barely susceptible to ceftazidime–avibactam (CZA). Whole-genome sequencing, gene deletion, antimicrobial susceptibility, and conjugation tests were carried out to illustrate the traits of Kpn_XM9. As confirmed by whole-genome sequencing, the Kpn_XM9 harbored a 5,523,536 bp chromosome and five plasmids with lengths being 128,129, 196,512, 84,812, 43,695, and 5,596 bp, respectively. Plasmid p1_Kpn_XM9 (128,219 bp) contained four resistance genes,
bla
CTX-M-65
,
bla
TEM-1B
,
rmt
B, and two copies of
bla
KPC-2
. Genes
bla
KPC-2
were bracketed by ISKpn17 and ISKpn16 within a new composite Tn3-like TnAs1. The two tandem repeats, positioned opposite each other, were spaced 93,447 bp apart in p1_Kpn_XM9. Kpn_XM9 belonged to K64 and sequence type (ST) 11. The Kpn_XM9 was resistant to amikacin, aztreonam, ticarcillin/clavulanic acid, piperacillin/tazobactam, ceftazidime, cefepime, imipenem, meropenem, tobramycin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, doxycycline, minocycline, tigecycline, colistin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole; it was barely susceptible to CZA with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 8/4 µg/mL, which declined to 2/4 µg/mL after a 18,555 bp nucleotide was knocked out and one copy of
bla
KPC-2
was sustained on p1_Kpn_XM9. Kpn_XM9 had virulence genes encoding Types 1 and 3 fimbriae, four siderophores, and capsular polysaccharide anchoring protein but no genes upregulating capsular polysaccharide synthesis. The Kpn_XM9 presented a classical phenotype with extreme drug resistance. The emergence of double copies of
bla
KPC-2
in a single plasmid from the predominant ST11
K. pneumoniae
represents a new therapeutic challenge.

IMPORTANCE

With the wide use of ceftazidime–avibactam against carbapenem-resistant organisms, its resistance is increasingly documented; among the corresponding resistance mechanisms, mutations of
bla
KPC-2
or
bla
KPC-3
into other subtypes are dominant to date. However, more copies of
bla
KPC-2
may also greatly increase the minimum inhibitory concentration of ceftazidime–avibactam, which could be conferred by transposon As1 and insertion sequence 26 and should be of concern.
Phenotypic expression, genotypic profiling and clinical outcomes of infantile hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a retrospective study
Authors: Ahamed Hisham , Varghese Shruti , Gutajahr Georg , Vaidyanathan Balu , Kappanayil Mahesh , Sasikumar Navaneetha , Kumar Shine , Hari Aparna , Krishnakumar Malavika , Kumar Raman Krishna 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundInfantile hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a heterogeneous disorder. Apart from registries in high-income nations, there is a shortage of data on the aetiological basis of infantile HCM in low- and middle-income nations. This study attempts to characterise the phenotypic expression, genetic architecture and short-term clinical outcomes of infantile HCM from a South Asian tertiary referral centre.MethodsThis study includes all infants from the Amrita HCM cohort between January 2011 and July 2021. Clinical history, ECG, echocardiographic data, and genetic analyses were evaluated.Results34 patients with infantile HCM were diagnosed at a median age of 3.7 months (IQR 1–6 months). Underlying aetiologies were RASopathy (n=13; 38%), non-syndromic (n=12; 35%) and inborn errors of metabolism (n=9; 27%). Genetic analysis was done in 20 patients (59%) with a yield of 90%. Clinical presentation included failure to thrive (n=29; 85%), dyspnoea on exertion (n=23; 68%) and clinical heart failure (n=24; 71%). Echo showed concentric left ventricular hypertrophy in 22 patients (65%), obstructive HCM in 11 patients (32%) and left ventricular systolic dysfunction in 6 patients (18%). The mortality rate was 10.0 deaths per 100 patient years over a median follow-up period of 3.1 years. The main risk markers for mortality were the age at diagnosis, gender and concentric Left ventricular hypertrophy.ConclusionsThis cohort demonstrates the morphological, functional and genetical heterogeneity of infantile HCM, enunciating the need for integration of cardiology, metabolic and genetic services to achieve optimum outcomes in these patients.
Associations between adverse childhood experiences and trust in health and other information from public services, professionals and wider sources: national cross sectional survey
Authors: Bellis Mark A , Hughes Karen , Ford Kat , Sharp Catherine , Hill Rebecca 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionTrust in health and other systems can affect uptake of public health advice and engagement with health services. Individuals who had adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are more likely to experience ill health at earlier ages. Ensuring their engagement with health and other services is important in improving their life course prospects, but little is known about how ACEs affect trust in such services and the information they provide.MethodsData were collected via a national household survey of residents in Wales (aged ≥18 years, n=1880, November 2022–March 2023). Questions measured ACE exposure and trust in health, social, police, charities and government, and health and general information provided by a variety of professionals and sources.ResultsIndividuals with ACEs were more likely to report low trust in health advice from hospital doctors, general practitioners (GPs), nurses, pharmacists, and NHS 111, an online and telephone urgent care service (eg, adjusted low trust prevalence: GPs, 0 ACEs 5.3%, ≥4 ACEs 10.4%; NHS 111, 0 ACEs 11.9%, ≥4 ACEs 24.1%). Low trust in services also increased with ACEs, with low trust in police being 3.8 times more likely with ≥4 ACEs (vs 0 ACEs). The highest adjusted prevalence of low trust in a service was for government, rising from 48.4% (0 ACEs) to 73.7% (≥4 ACEs). Low trust in general advice and information from TV/radio programmes rose from 17.6% (0 ACEs) to 30.1% (≥4 ACEs); low trust in social media was higher with an equivalent rise from 61.6% to 75.6%.ConclusionBreaking intergenerational cycles of ill health and inequity requires engaging and influencing those with ACEs. However, a history of ACEs was associated with lower trust in supporting institutions, systems and professionals. Empirical data on which resources are most trusted by those with ACEs should be used to facilitate better communications with this vulnerable group.
Association between chronic pain and risk of cardiometabolic multimorbidity: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Yin Xin , Chen Yanchun , Zhou Lihui , Yang Hongxi , Wang Yaogang 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundAlthough chronic pain was deleteriously related to single cardiometabolic diseases, the relationship between chronic pain and cardiometabolic multimorbidity remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between chronic pain with the risk of cardiometabolic multimorbidity.MethodsA prospective cohort study included 452 818 participants who were free of cardiometabolic multimorbidity at baseline. Chronic pain was assessed in diverse anatomical sites including the head, face, neck/shoulder, stomach/abdominal area, back, hip and knee or ‘all over the body’. Participants were classified into six groups according to the amount of chronic pain sites: no chronic pain, chronic pain at one, two, three and four or more sites, and those reporting pain ‘all over the body’. Cardiometabolic multimorbidity was defined as the occurrence of at least two cardiometabolic diseases, involving type 2 diabetes, ischaemic heart disease and stroke.ResultsAfter a median follow-up of 13.7 years, 4445 participants developed cardiometabolic multimorbidity. Compared with individuals without chronic pain, those experiencing chronic pain in four or more sites were associated with a 1.82-fold (HR: 1.82, 95% CI: 1.61, 2.06) higher risk of cardiometabolic multimorbidity. Pain distributed ‘all over the body’ was associated with a 59% (HR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.30, 1.93) increased risk of cardiometabolic multimorbidity Additionally, individuals who had chronic pain in both the head and stomach/abdomen showed the highest risk with cardiometabolic multimorbidity (HR: 1.88, 95% CI: 1.60, 2.20).ConclusionsOur findings suggested that there was an elevated risk of cardiometabolic multimorbidity associated with an increased amount of chronic pain sites.