bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incremental Filling Technique and Composite Material—Part I: Cuspal Deformation, Bond Strength, and Physical Properties
Authors: Bicalho AA , Pereira RD , Zanatta RF , Franco SD , Tantbirojn D , Versluis A , Soares CJ 
Published: October 2013

SUMMARY

Objectives
To evaluate the effect of composite resins (one conventional and two low-shrink composites) and filling techniques on cuspal strains (CS), microtensile bond strength (μTBS), composite ultimate tensile strength (UTS), and mechanical properties of the composites at various depths in molars with large Class II restorations.

Materials and Methods
One hundred seventeen human molars received standardized Class II mesio-oclusal-distal cavity preparations and restorations with three composites (Filtek LS [3M-ESPE]; Aelite LS [BISCO]; and Filtek Supreme [3M-ESPE]) using three filling techniques (bulk, eight increments, and 16 increments). CS was measured using strain gauges, after which the same restored teeth were used to assess μTBS and UTS. The elastic modulus (E) and Vickers hardness (VH) at different depths were determined from microhardness indentations. The CS, μTBS, UTS, E, and VH data were statistically analyzed using split-plot analysis of variance and Tukey test (p=0.05).

Results
The CS was higher when using 16 increments. The ‘low-shrink' composites caused lower CS. The μTBS and UTS were similar for eight- and 16-increment techniques and higher when compared to the bulk filling in all composites. E and VH were constant through the depth when applied in eight or 16 increments.

Conclusions
Type of composite and filling technique affected the CS, μTBS, UTS, and mechanical properties of large Class II restorations. The eight-increments filling technique resulted in generally less CS with the same μTBS and UTS than was obtained with 16 increments, without affecting E and VH through the depth of the composites.
Comparison of meloxicam and a glucosamine-chondroitin supplement in management of feline osteoarthritis
Authors: Chase D. , Parkin T. , Bennett D. , Sul R. M. 
Published: October 2013

Summary
Objectives: To compare the efficacy of meloxicam and a glucosamine-chondroitin (Glu-Ch) supplement in the management of feline osteoarthritis (OA).
Methods: Prospective, blinded, randomized clinical trial. Cats over eight years of age with clinical signs of chronic OA were assigned to one of two groups and Glu-Ch or meloxicam was administered orally for 70 days, followed by a placebo until day 98. Cats were assessed by a veterinarian on five occasions and the owner completed an assessment form at the same time.
Results: Data were collected from thirty cats. Pre-treatment disease scores were significantly higher in the meloxicam group for owner mobility (p = 0.01) and veterinary lameness (p = 0.02). Owner mobility scores at day 14 (p = 0.01) and day 42 (p = 0.002) were significantly improved compared to pre-treatment scores for the meloxicam group. When meloxicam and Glu-Ch were discontinued and the placebo commenced, a significant proportion of the meloxicam group showed worsening of all the ownerassessed scores between day 70 and day 98, when compared to the Glu-Ch group (mobility p = 0.01; activity p = 0.02; temperament p = 0.04; lifestyle p = 0.01).
Clinical significance: Treatment with meloxicam resulted in a significant improvement in mobility and activity levels of cats with OA until the placebo was introduced. A greater proportion of cats receiving meloxicam medication showed a significant worsening of owner assessment scores once the placed was introduced, when compared to the Glu-Ch group.
Microglial Activation Milieu Controls Regulatory T Cell Responses
Authors: Ebner Friederike , Brandt Christine , Thiele Peggy , Richter Daniel , Schliesser Ulrike , Siffrin Volker , Schueler Jutta , Stubbe Tobias , Ellinghaus Agnes , Meisel Christian , Sawitzki Birgit , Nitsch Robert 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Although mechanisms leading to brain-specific inflammation and T cell activation have been widely investigated, regulatory mechanisms of local innate immune cells in the brain are only poorly understood. In this study, to our knowledge we show for the first time that MHC class II+CD40dimCD86dimIL-10+ microglia are potent inducers of Ag-specific CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) in vitro. Microglia differentially regulated MHC class II expression, costimulatory molecules, and IL-10 depending on the amount of IFN-γ challenge and Ag dose, promoting either effector T cell or Treg induction. Microglia-induced Tregs were functionally active in vitro by inhibiting Ag-specific proliferation of effector T cells, and in vivo by attenuating experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis disease course after adoptive transfer. These results indicate that MHC class II+CD40dimCD86dimIL-10+ microglia have regulatory properties potentially influencing local immune responses in the CNS.
Nonradioactive Analysis of Dynamic Protein Palmitoylation
Authors: Martin Brent R. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractMethods to study protein S‐palmitoylation dynamics have previously relied on metabolic labeling with [14C]palmitate, which requires additional safety precautions and long exposures. Nonradioactive alkynyl palmitate analogs have been developed for in‐gel fluorescence detection and affinity purification. Cells metabolically labeled with the commercially available analog 17‐octadynoic acid are lysed and then combined with azide‐linked reporter tags for efficient conjugation by copper‐catalyzed click chemistry in phosphate buffer. This approach has been demonstrated to label hundreds of endogenous palmitoylated proteins and is compatible with traditional pulse‐chase methods. This protocol describes the reagents and procedures for labeling and detection of dynamic palmitoylation in mammalian cells. Curr. Protoc. Protein Sci. 73:14.15.1‐14.15.9. © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Dynamic Quantitative Assays of Phagosomal Function
Authors: Podinovskaia Maria , VanderVen Brian C. , Yates Robin M. , Glennie Sarah , Fullerton Duncan , Mwandumba Henry C. , Russell David G. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractMuch of the activity of the macrophage as an effector cell is performed within its phagocytic compartment. This ranges from the degradation of tissue debris as part of its homeostatic function to the generation of the superoxide burst as part of its microbicidal response to infection. We have developed a range of real‐time readouts of phagosomal function that enable these activities to be rigorously quantified. This unit contains descriptions of several of these assays assessed by different methods of quantitation, including a fluorescence resonance emission transfer (FRET) assay for phagosome/lysosome fusion measured by spectrofluorometry, a fluorogenic assay for the superoxide burst measured by flow cytometry, and a fluorogenic assay for bulk proteolysis measured by confocal microscopy. These assays illustrate both the range of parameters that can be quantified and the flexibility of instrumentation that can be exploited for their quantitation. Curr. Protoc. Immunol. 102:14.34.1‐14.34.14. © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A Practical Guide to Culturing Mouse and Human Bone Marrow Stromal Cells
Authors: Nemeth K. , Mayer B. , Sworder B.J. , Kuznetsov S.A. , Mezey E. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs, frequently also called MSCs) represent a cell population within the bone marrow, a subset of which contains multipotent stem cells. Their primary role is to produce and maintain both bone tissue and bone marrow microenvironment necessary for hematopoiesis. The latter is achieved by secreting a wide variety of different cytokines and growth factors, many of which also have a regulatory role in immune processes. BMSCs have recently been introduced into the field of immunobiology after their successful clinical use in GVHD was reported in 2004. Since then, numerous studies confirmed and expanded the knowledge on the immunosuppressive potential of BMSCs in various in vitro and in vivo models. Although the immunomodulatory capacity of BMSCs is well established, there are still many unanswered questions regarding the cytokines, chemokines, receptors, and molecular pathways that play a role in this effect. To study these cells and answer many of the questions, researchers must be able to reliably and reproducibly isolate, culture, and use these cells. Below a practical guide on how to culture and characterize mouse and human BMSCs, which can then be applied in various in vitro and in vivo assays, is provided. Curr. Protoc. Immunol. 102:22F.12.1‐22F.12.13. © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Zonal flows and magnetic fields driven by large‐amplitude Rossby‐Alfvén‐Khantadze waves in the E‐layer ionosphere
Authors: Kaladze T. D. , Horton W. , Kahlon L. Z. , Pokhotelov O. , Onishchenko O. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractPlanetary‐scale waves and vortices in the weakly ionized ionospheric E layer are dominated by the Hall conductivity that couples the Rossby and Alfvén dynamics giving rise to what are called Rossby‐Alfvén‐Khantadze electromagnetic structures. At finite amplitudes we show that the nonlinearities in the dynamics generate sheared zonal‐flow velocities and zonal magnetic field fluctuations. The zonal‐flow mechanism is based on the parametric excitation of the zonal variations through three‐wave mode coupling in the planetary‐scale waves. The coupled dynamics of the nonlinear 3‐D incompressible flows and the magnetic field fluctuations are derived and used to derive the structure and growth rates for the zonal flows and zonal magnetic fields. Large‐amplitude planetary waves are shown to drive up magnetic fluctuations up to 100 nT.
Intraspinal Transplantation of Mouse and Human Neural Precursor Cells
Authors: Weinger Jason G. , Chen Lu , Coleman Ronald , Leang Ronika , Plaisted Warren C. , Loring Jeanne F. , Lane Thomas E. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTThis unit describes the preparation and transplantation of human neural precursor cells (hNPCs) and mouse neural precursor cells (mNPCs) into the thoracic region of the mouse spinal cord. The techniques in this unit also describe how to prepare the mouse for surgery by performing a laminectomy to expose the spinal cord for transplantation. NPCs genetically labeled with eGFP transplanted into the spinal cord of a mouse following viral‐mediated demyelination can efficiently be detected via eGFP expression. Transplantation of these cells into the spinal cord is an efficacious way to determine their effects in neurological disorders such as multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and spinal cord injury. Curr. Protoc. Stem Cell Biol. 26:2D.16.1‐2D.16.16. © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
IL‐13 but not IL‐4 signaling via IL‐4Rα protects mice from papilloma formation during DMBA/TPA two‐step skin carcinogenesis
Authors: Rothe Michael , Quarcoo David , Chashchina Anna A. , Bozrova Svetlana V. , Qin Zhihai , Nedospasov Sergei A. , Blankenstein Thomas , Kammertoens Thomas , Drutskaya Marina S. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractInterleukin 4 (IL‐4) was shown to be tumor‐promoting in full carcinogenesis studies using 3‐methylcholanthrene (MCA). Because heretofore the role of IL‐4 in DMBA/TPA (9,10‐dimethyl‐1,2‐benz‐anthracene/12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate) two‐stage carcinogenesis was not studied, we performed such experiments using either IL‐4−/− or IL‐4Rα−/− mice. We found that IL‐4Rα−/− but not IL‐4−/− mice have enhanced papilloma formation, suggesting that IL‐13 may be involved. Indeed, IL‐13−/− mice developed more papillomas after exposure to DMBA/TPA than their heterozygous IL‐13‐competent littermate controls. However, when tested in a full carcinogenesis experiment, exposure of mice to 25 μg of MCA, both IL‐13−/− and IL‐13+/− mice led to the same incidence of tumors. While IL‐4 enhances MCA carcinogenesis, it does not play a measurable role in our DMBA/TPA carcinogenesis experiments. Conversely, IL‐13 does not affect MCA carcinogenesis but protects mice from DMBA/TPA carcinogenesis. One possible explanation is that IL‐4 and IL‐13, although they share a common IL‐4Rα chain, regulate signaling in target cells differently by employing distinct JAK/STAT‐mediated signaling pathways downstream of IL‐13 or IL‐4 receptor complexes, resulting in different inflammatory transcriptional programs. Taken together, our results indicate that the course of DMBA/TPA‐ and MCA‐induced carcinogenesis is affected differently by IL‐4 versus IL‐13‐mediated inflammatory cascades.
A performance evaluation of mobility management and multihop supplying partner strategies for 3D streaming systems over thin mobile devices
Authors: Maamar Haifa Raja , Boukerche Azzedine , Petriu Emil 
Published: October 2013

SummaryThe recent advances in technology and mobile computing led to the rapid growth of networked 3D streaming applications. The emerging services can involve augmented reality, virtual environment walkthrough, multiplayer gaming just to mention a few. Because of the limited network bandwidth of the client‐server approach, research works are now turning toward mobile ad hoc networks‐based streaming, where the resources of each peer are used during the streaming service. Peer‐to‐peer technologies are considering the solution to adapt for scalable applications. Yet, supplying partner selection and 3D data delivery are still significant challenges to face because of the dynamic wireless environment that causes link breakages, high packet loss, an adverse impact on the quality of the 3D media, and a low user satisfaction. In this paper, we propose a supplying partner selection technique coupled with a content delivery technique for peer‐to‐peer 3D streaming over thin mobile devices. Our proposed protocol, which we refer to as MULTIPLY, considers multihop suppliers in order to alleviate the load on the server and uses the signal strength measurement to analyze the wireless link when sending back the 3D data. Given the high dynamicity of the network due to the mobility of the users, the streaming can be greatly affected. We therefore study the impact of the mobility on MULTIPLY. The performance evaluation of our protocol obtained using an extensive set of simulation experiments is then reported. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Broad Spectrum of Hepatocyte Inclusions in Humans, Animals, and Experimental Models
Authors: Strnad Pavel , Nuraldeen Renwar , Guldiken Nurdan , Hartmann Daniel , Mahajan Vineet , Denk Helmut , Haybaeck Johannes 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWe focus on hepatic inclusions, which are defined as intracellular aggregates of stainable substances. They represent established hallmarks of their respective human disorders, but unlike aggregates found in neurodegenerative disorders are often not well studied. Hepatic inclusions can be subdivided into primary liver aggregates and aggregates found in multiple tissues. The former ones consist of inclusions found in endoplasmic reticulum storage diseases such as α 1‐antitrypsin aggregates or ground‐glass hepatocytes, p62‐containing (Mallory‐Denk bodies and intracellular hyaline bodies) and porphyrin‐containing inclusions. p62‐containing aggregates are not restricted to the liver but are found in multiple other disorders such as Parkinson or Alzheimer disease. Inclusions such as pale bodies or intracellular hyaline bodies are typical for malignant disorders while others (ground‐glass hepatocytes and α1‐antitrypsin aggregates) are predominantly seen in non‐neoplastic tissues. The inclusions, which are not restricted to the liver, are often due to a systemic viral infection, but also due to disruption of glycogen metabolism or systemic inclusion‐forming diseases such as polyglutamine disorders or sarcoidosis. Despite their heterogeneity, inclusions share several pathogenic principles such as an imbalance between protein damage/misfolding on one side and repair/degradation on the other side. This is why hepatic aggregates represent a valuable tool to study the aggregation process in general and to improve our understanding of inclusions found in multiple human disorders. © 2013 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol3:1393‐1436, 2013.
Unified theory and state‐variable implementation of critical‐monotonic all‐pole filters
Authors: Topisirović Dragan , Litovski Vančo , Andrejević Stošović Miona 
Published: October 2013

SummaryThe subject of synthesis of critical‐monotonic low‐pass amplitude characteristics will be revisited. Several new contributions will be given in order to: facilitate the choice of the proper transfer function, to allow cataloguing the transfer functions, to simplify the circuit synthesis procedure, and to perform synthesis in the form of a state‐variable continuous time active filter. Four main criteria for transfer function synthesis will be implemented: maximally flat at the origin, maximum slope at the band‐edge, maximal asymptotic attenuation, and minimal amplitude distortion in the pass‐band. For every criterion, a class of filters will be generated and the coefficients of the transfer functions will be calculated and published for the first time (with one exception). Properties of the classes so generated will be quantitatively compared for the first time. The state‐variable structure will be advised as the one with the simplest synthesis procedure. The procedure will be explained and the design process will be exemplified. Statistical tolerance analysis will be performed for the example solutions in order to complete the information for comparison. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dysregulation of the axonal trafficking of nuclear‐encoded mitochondrial mRNA alters neuronal mitochondrial activity and mouse behavior
Authors: Kar Amar N. , Sun Ching‐Yu , Reichard Kathryn , Gervasi Noreen M. , Pickel James , Nakazawa Kazu , Gioio Anthony E. , Kaplan Barry B. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTLocal translation of nuclear‐encoded mitochondrial mRNAs is essential for mitochondrial activity, yet there is little insight into the role that axonal trafficking of these transcripts play in neuronal function and behavior. Previously, we identified a 38 nucleotide stem‐loop structure (zipcode) in the 3' untranslated region of the Cytochrome C oxidase IV (COXIV) mRNA that directs the transport of a reporter mRNA to the axon of superior cervical ganglion neurons (SCG). Overexpression of a chimeric reporter mRNA with the COXIV zipcode competed with the axonal trafficking of endogenous COXIV mRNA, and led to attenuated axon growth in SCG neurons. Here, we show that exogenous expression of the COXIV zipcode in cultured SCG neurons also results in the reduction of local ATP levels and increases levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the axon. We took advantage of this “competition” phenotype to investigate the in vivo significance of axonal transport of COXIV mRNA. Toward this end, we generated transgenic mice expressing a fluorescent reporter fused to COXIV zipcode under a forebrain‐specific promoter. Immunohistological analyses and RT‐PCR analyses of RNA from the transgenic mouse brain showed expression of the reporter in the deep layer neurons in the pre‐frontal and frontal cortex. Consistent with the in vitro studies, we observed increased ROS levels in neurons of these transgenic animals. A battery of behavioral tests on transgenic mice expressing the COXIV zipcode revealed an “anxiety‐like” behavioral phenotype, suggesting an important role for axonal trafficking of nuclear‐encoded mitochondrial mRNAs in neuronal physiology and animal behavior. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. *Develop Neurobiol 74: 333–350, 2014
Intentional salt clogging: a novel concept for long‐term CO2 sealing
Authors: Wasch Laura J. , Wollenweber Jens , Tambach Tim J. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWell abandonment in the context of CO2 storage operations demands a mitigation strategy for CO2 leakage along the wellbore. To prevent possible CO2 transport toward the surface and to protect the wellbore material from contact with acid brine, we propose forming a salt seal around the wellbore at reservoir level, after CO2 injection into a depleted gas field. The mechanism of water evaporation into dry gas and subsequent salting‐out of the dissolved halite is a well‐known issue in hydrocarbon production. We propose alternating injection of brine and CO2 to facilitate intentional salt clogging of the reservoir. Salt clogging was studied with TOUGH2, simu‐lating multiple cycles of brine and CO2 injection. We developed two near‐well reservoir models – a homogeneous 2D model and a more complex heterogeneous 2D model – using certain characteristics of the K12‐B depleted gas field. The homogeneous 2D model yields a 50‐cm thick salt bank around the well and complete permeability impairment after eight cycles of brine‐CO2 injection. Addition of vertical permeability heterogeneities causes variation in the lateral extent of salt precipitation and hence vertical discontinuities in the salt bank. A carefully designed injection strategy – with more injection cycles and lower injection rates – improves the vertical sealing. Predictions of the amount of required clogging for effective sealing would benefit from more accurate porosity‐permeability relationships and insights in the long‐term stability of the salt bank regarding re‐dissolution. We conclude that alternating brine‐CO2 injection could be a promising method for intentional salt‐clogging of the near‐wellbore area. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Intensity of in‐lake processes in floodplain lakes within the Bug River zone of fluvial activity
Authors: Dawidek Jarosław , Ferencz Beata 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe paper presents a new approach to calculating the erosion and deposition values of floodplain lake basins, the erosion–deposition index (EDI). The EDI is a sum of the basin geometry indices (BGIs), which can be calculated for a separate cross section of the lake. The distribution of processes within the basin was investigated in two selected floodplain lakes with the use of BGIs. Field research was carried out in the Bug River valley from 1 November 2006 to 31 October 2011. The highest erosion was observed in the lakes located close to the parent river. Deposition processes were observed in lakes with high inflow of groundwater. The results showed that EDI values of 48 out of the 71 floodplain lakes ranged from −0.2 to 0.2. Spatial distribution of erosion and deposition processes within the lake basins resulted from a velocity of water inflowing or flowing through the basin. This was observed especially in contrafluent–confluent lake. Inflow of rivers water via upstream crevasse occurred later than via downstream one, but energy of flowing water was higher, which favoured erosion of this part of the lake basin. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Journey of Metal‐metal Bonding beyond Cotton's Quadruple Bonds
Authors: Hua Shao‐An , Tsai Yi‐Chou , Peng Shie‐Ming 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWhereas the study of the Cotton's quadruple bonding between two metal atoms has been mature, exploration of bonding, potential applications and reactivity in linear oligonuclear metal complexes and quintuple bonded dinuclear compounds is currently underway. Stabilized by four long‐chain organic ligands containing various numbers (3‐13) of nitrogen donors, many metal string complexes featuring a linear metal framework have been recognized. These novel linear oligonuclear metal complexes not only have interesting metal‐metal bonding, but also display potential applications as metal wires for electron conductance. In the relatively young metal‐to‐metal quintuple bonding, the thus far structurally characterized examples are limited to univalent chromium and molybdenum ions supported by sterically encumbered bidentate ligands. These low‐coordinate quintuple bonded dinuclear compounds display ultrashort metal‐metal bond lengths, and interesting reactivity towards inorganic small molecules and unsaturated organics, including complexation, reductive cleavage, and cycloaddition.