bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analyses of Idiotypes on Anti‐α‐1, 6‐Dextran Antibodies in Mice
Authors: Haba Seiji , Hayashi Masue , Matsuoka Yuji 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWhen mice of strains C57BL/6, C3H/He, and BALB/c were immunized with native dextran B512, only a small amount of IgM antibody was produced, but a substantial amount of anti‐dextran antibody of IgG class was produced after immunization with a conjugate of dextran T10 and keyhole limpet hemocyanin regardless of the mouse strain used. Isoelectric focusing (IEF) spectra revealed limited heterogeneity of anti‐dextran antibody of IgG class with strict consistency in all individual sera from C57BL/6 mice, even after secondary immunization, whereas antibodies from C3H/He and BALB/c mice showed more heterogeneous IEF spectra with some individual variations.Rabbit anti‐idiotypic (Id) antibodies were raised by immunization with a subfraction of anti‐dextran antibody of IgG class from C57BL/6 mice, which showed major bands focused at around pH 7.7 upon IEF. It was found by using the anti‐Id antibodies that virtually all anti‐dextran antibody molecules of both IgG and IgM classes from C57BL/6 mice possessed common Id determinants which can be classified into two specificities, one specific for antibody from C57BL/6 mice and the other cross‐reactive with antibodies from BALB/c and C3H/He mice. About 80% of the antibody molecules from BALB/c and less than 20% of those from C3H/He mice were positive for the interstrain cross‐reactive Id. Both Id determinants seemed to be closely related to the antigen binding sites, or at least to reside in the vicinity of the antigen binding sites of anti‐dextran antibody.
Variation in Virulence of Coxsackie Virus B3 in the Hearts of Mice
Authors: Komatsu Toshihiko , Hashimoto Isao , Kohara Teruko 
Published: November 2013

AbstractVirulence of Coxsackie virus B3 (CB3) was compared in mice between strain SK‐74 isolated from a patient and strain T‐70 isolated from a healthy child as well as between prototype strain Nancy and its mouse‐passaged derivative strain PMH. Strain SK‐74 showed a high mortality (40–80%), while strain T‐70 did not induce deaths in mice (mortality: 0%). Strain PMH showed a high mortality (65–85%), but strain Nancy did not cause deaths in the mice. In agreement with the mortality trend, virus titers in the heart and other organs of mice inoculated with strain SK‐74 and PMH were higher than those in mice inoculated with T‐70 and Nancy strains. Since virus titers in the heart remained higher than those in other organs, the heart was regarded as the main organ in which CB3 could replicate and induce cell degeneration. The present results suggest that a marked variation in virulence in the hearts of mice among CB3 strains occurred and that passage through the hearts of mice enhances the virulence of CB3 in the hearts of mice.
Sugar Synthesis in Leptospira
Authors: Yanagihara Yasutake , Kobayashi Susumu , Mifuchi Ichiji 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe presence of glucosephosphate isomerase, one of the key enzymes in carbohydrate metabolism, was confirmed for the first time in the cell‐free extract of Leptospira biflexa.The glucosephosphate isomerase of L. biflexa was heat‐labile and its optimum pH was about 8.5. The enzyme showed an optimal temperature of about 45 C but was more stable at 30 C. Km value of the enzyme was 5.6 × 10−3M. The activity of the enzyme was inhibited by the inhibitor, 6‐phosphogluconate.From this study, the presence of a metabolic pathway, the phosphogluconate pathway, other than non‐oxidative pentose phosphate pathway presented by Baseman and Cox was suggested.
Rapid Isolation of Endogenous Inhibitor of Factor B
Authors: Moriyama Takeshi , Kawamoto Yasuko , Kobayashi Tatsuhiko , Inoue Takashi , Okamoto Keinosuke , Miyama Akio 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAn inhibitor of mouse factor B was purified from lysate of L cells by a human factor B‐affinity column. The purified inhibitor was found to be homogeneous with a molecular weight of about 25,000 and identical to the 25K protein isolated from L cell‐lysate by the coprecipitation method with anti mouse factor B. Hemolytic titration of the activity and PAGE‐analysis of the inhibitor‐factor B complex showed that 1 mol of inhibitor reacted with 1 mol of mouse factor B and inactivated its hemolytic activity.
Antibody‐Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity and Natural Killer Cytotoxicity of Peritoneal Cells from Nude Mice to Herpes Simplex Virus‐Infected Cells
Authors: Kohl Steve , Tang Jy‐Ping , Loo Lian Sim 
Published: November 2013

AbstractNude BALB/c mice (athymic) were more susceptible to fatal herpes simplex virus (HSV) than normal BALB/c mice (P=0.002). The peritoneal cells of nude mice mediated levels of antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) of equal or greater magnitude than cells from normal BALB/c, heterozygote nu/+, or C57BL/6 mice. Unstimulated natural killer cytotoxicity of peritoneal cells from nude mice was higher (P<0.05) than that mediated by cells from C57BL/6 mice. Nude mice failed to make anti‐HSV ADCC antibody 6 to 14 days post HSV inoculation, at times when nu/+, BALB/c, and C57BL/6 mice produced antibody. Passive reconstitution of nude mice with high titer intraperitoneal anti‐HSV immune globulin provided circulating anti‐HSV ADCC antibody and significant protection against lethal HSV infection.
Biological Activities of Pertussigen from Bordetella pertussis Strains of Various Agglutinogen Types
Authors: Watanabe Mitsuru 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPertussigen prepared from Bordetella pertussis strains of various agglutinogen types was found to have similar biological activities in mice, and to give precipitin lines of identity in agar diffusion tests. The doses required to induce histamine hypersensitivity ranged from 0.9 to 9.5 ng, and to induce leukocytosis from 124 to 190 ng. When pertussigen was detoxified by treatment with glutaraldehyde, it protected mice from intracerebral challenge with B, pertussis at doses of from 12.7 to 24.4 fig. The results showed that all smooth strains of B. pertussis produced pertussigen that was biologically and serologically similar, and that it was produced independently of fimbrial hemagglutinin.
Calcium Behavior in Endotoxin‐Poisoned Mice: Especially Calcium Accumulation in Mitochondria
Authors: Sakaguchi Shuhei , Abe Hiroharu , Sakaguchi Osamu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA possible role of intracellular Ca2+ and participation of calmodulin in cellular metabolism in endotoxin‐poisoned mice were investigated. The levels of calcium in liver cytosol and liver mitochondria fractions in poisoned mice were markedly higher 18–48 hr after endotoxin injection than in the control mice. On the other hand, the levels of serum calcium in the poisoned mice were about 20% lower at 18 hr than in the controls. The serum calcium levels in mice injected with 50 and 100 μg of endotoxin showed no dose‐response effect, but a dose‐response effect was observed at a dose of 200–400 μg. The serum Ca2+ levels in endotoxin‐tolerant mice were similar to those in the control mice. The levels in mice injected with glucocorticoid‐antagonizing factor mice were about 14% lower at 3 hr than in the controls. The mice fed a vitamin D3‐ and calcium‐free diet showed a higher mortality rate in the early stage (12–18 hr) of endotoxication than that of the mice fed a normal diet.The lipid peroxide levels and Ca2+‐ATPase activity in the liver mitochondria fraction in endotoxin‐poisoned mice showed a higher level than those of the control mice. There was little or no difference in the levels of serum glucose between the mice injected with calmodulin antagonist (trifluoperazine, TFP) plus endotoxin and those given endotoxin alone. However, the liver glycogen levels in TFP plus endotoxin‐treated mice were markedly higher than that in mice given endotoxin alone. Furthermore, calcium antagonist (verapamil) plus endotoxin‐treated mice had about a 40% higher survival rate after 72 hr than those given endotoxin alone.The findings suggest that there is a possibility of participation of the Ca2+‐calmodulin system in carbohydrate metabolic disorders during endotoxemia and that the changes in intracellular Ca2+ may result in various metabolic disorders.
Cells Participating in Immunologic Memory Induced with RNA from the Spleens of Immunized Mice
Authors: Kodama Kazue , Yoshida Toshiharu , Kurashige Satonori , Mitsuhashi Susumu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractRibonucleic acid (immune RNA, iRNA) extracted from the spleens of mice immunized with heterologous red blood cells induced antigen‐specific immunologic memory. The type of cells (T cells, B cells) which participate in immunologic memory induced with iRNA was investigated. Immune RNA‐primed T cells cooperated with normal, iRNA‐primed or antigen‐primed B cells and induced a high IgM response. Immune RNA‐primed B cells did not cooperate with normal T cells, but did with iRNA‐ or antigen‐primed T cells. The activities of iRNA‐primed T and B cells were antigen‐specific.
Suppressor Macrophages in Lymphocyte Proliferation of Cynomolgus Monkeys
Authors: Tatsumi Masashi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe present study demonstrated the presence of cells belonging to monocyte/macrophage lineage which suppressed mitogen‐induced blastogenesis of peripheral blood lymphocytes in cynomolgus monkeys. Depletion of adherent or phagocytic cells from peripheral mononuclear cells caused a substantial increase in the blastogenic response of cynomolgus monkey lymphocytes whereas the same treatment led to marked reduction rather than enhancement in human lymphocyte blastogenesis. Addition of thioglycollate‐elicited peritoneal exudate adherent cells as macrophages suppressed the blastogenic response of nonadherent lymphocytes in a dose‐dependent manner. The suppressive effect was observed not only in autologous but also in allogeneic macrophages to the responder lymphocytes. Treatment of macrophages with silica, carrageenan or freezing‐thawing reduced their suppressive effect but there was no reduction with mitomycin C or indomethacin. No suppressive activity was detected in the cell‐free supernatant of macrophages cultured in the presence or absence of mitogens for up to 4 days. From these findings, it appeared that monocyte/macrophage lineage might be responsible for the observed suppressive effect on mitogen‐induced blastogenesis of cynomolgus monkey lymphocytes.
Studies on the Enteropathogenic Mechanism of Non‐O 1 Vibrio cholerae Isolated from the Environment and Fish in Toyama Prefecture
Authors: Gyobu Yotaku , Kodama Hirohide , Uetake Hisao , Katsuda Shogo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractEnteropathogenic mechanisms of non‐O 1 Vibrio cholerae were investigated using strains from the environment and those from fish in Toyama Prefecture.None of the 93 non‐O 1 V. cholerae strains produced a detectable level of cholera‐toxin‐like‐enterotoxin (CT‐like‐enterotoxin) in Syncase medium, while 23 strains showed a distinct fluid accumulation in the rabbit ileal loop test (RIL). These RIL‐positive strains neither produced CT‐like‐enterotoxin in vitro in the other four kinds of media which are considered suitable for CT production, nor in vivo in the ligated ileal loop. Approximately one‐third of RIL‐positive strains produced a fluid accumulating factor (FAF) which was not neutralized with anti‐CT serum. FAF of a representative strain (Strain 79–9‐2) was inactivated by heating at 100 C for 10 min, and has a molecular weight within the range of 50,000 to 100,000 daltons. Most accumulated fluids in RIL after inoculation with whole cultures of RIL‐positive strains contained both hemolytic and cytotoxic principles.Desquamation of epithelial cells, inflammatory edema, neutrophile infiltration, loss of goblet cells and frequent hemorrhages were observed in sections of ligated ileal loop inoculated with whole cultures or concentrated culture filtrates of CT‐like‐enterotoxin‐negative but RIL‐positive strains. In contrast, neither desquamation of epithelial cells nor hemorrhage was observed in sections after inoculation with those of a CT‐like‐enterotoxin positive strain (Strain E 8498).These results indicated that most RIL‐positive non‐O 1 V. cholerae strains from the environment and fish isolated in Toyama Prefecture produce little CT‐like‐enterotoxin, but some of them produce FAF with cytotoxic activities.
Development of a New Cell System for the Infectivity Assay of Dengue Viruses: Plaque Formation and Virus Growth of Prototype and Wild‐Type Dengue Virus Strains in a Newly Established Cell Line, GK
Authors: Nawa Masaru 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA newly established cell line, GK, derived from the kidney tissue of Mongolian gerbils, produced plaques by infection of prototype and wild‐type dengue virus strains. Both prototype and wild strains of type 2 virus grew in GK cells and formed plaques at 35.5 C and at 31 C, while types 1, 3, and 4 wild strains grew and formed plaques only at 31 C. In GK cells, plaque formation and the growth of dengue viruses depended on the high (35.5 C) and low (31 C) incubation temperatures.Virus yields in GK cells of all the 14 dengue virus strains tested, including four prototype and ten wild‐type viruses, were 5 to 1,000‐times lower than those in C6/36 cells. After five serial passages in GK cells, types 2, 3, and 4 prototype viruses and type 2 wild strain increased virus yields, and one strain of prototype virus and one strain of wild‐type virus decreased mouse neurovirulence.
Age of Appearance of IgG, IgM, and IgE Antibodies Specific for Loa loa in Gabonese Children
Authors: Goussard Bernard , Ivanoff Bernard , Frost Eric , Garin Yves , Bourderiou Christiane 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIgG, IgM, and IgE antibodies against the filaria Loa loa were measured in umbilical cord blood and in blood from young Gabonese children by an ELISA technique using a homologous metabolic antigen. For children in eight consecutive age groups and adults the percentage of the population positive for each of the antibody classes was determined. The number of children with maternal IgG decreased until one year of age when new synthesis began to become apparent. IgM antibodies were detected only after six months, probably indicating an early infancy as opposed to a fetal infection. The percentage of individuals positive for IgM or IgE reached a peak between two and three years old, followed by a slight decline. Over half of the individuals over one year of age had IgM antibody against L. loa, indicating long‐term synthesis of this class of immunoglobulin in many people. In the first two years of life, IgE antibodies were usually accompanied by L. loa‐specific IgM. This specific IgE did not appear to trigger the synthesis of nonspecific IgE. By the age of two, 95% of the population had some antibodies against L. loa and by five the percentage of individuals positive for each antibody class had reached adult levels.
Immunosuppressive Activities of Peritoneal and Splenic Macrophages in Murine Leprosy: Effect on Lymphocyte Transformation and Tumor Growth
Authors: Ha David K.K. , Lawton John W.M. , Gardner Ian D. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe ability of peritoneal macrophages (PM) and splenic macrophages (SM) to suppress tumor growth and lymphocyte transformation in vitro was studied in infected mice with Mycobacterium lepraemurium (MLM). Both PM and SM of leprous mice showed cytostatic activity against tumor cells in vitro. However, such cells showed significantly less cytostatic activity on a per cell basis than highly activated macrophages obtained from Corynebaclerium parvum‐immunized mice. Furthermore, this cytostatic activity declined as the infection progressed.Mitogen‐induced transformation of splenic lymphocytes was also suppressed in the presence of adherent PM and SM from leprous mice. PM from leprous mice showed significantly less activity than PM from C. parvum‐immunized mice in terms of suppression of lymphocyte transformation. Moreover, PM from leprous mice treated with C. parvum or sodium thioglycollate broth demonstrated significantly less ability to suppress lymphocyte transformation than did PM from similarly treated normal mice or untreated leprous mice. These findings demonstrated that MLM infection stimulates the mononuclear phagocyte system but does not activated it to the extent that it confers enhanced resistance to MLM on the host.
Requirement of Anionic Groups for the Mitogenicity of a Fungal Mitogen, Vesiculogen
Authors: Ohno Naohito , Suzuki Iwao , Miyazaki Toshio , Yadomae Toshiro 
Published: November 2013

AbstractActive site(s) of a B‐cell mitogen, vesiculogen, was investigated by means of chemical and enzymic modifications. Vesiculogen is a non‐dialyzable fraction of a hot water extract from a fungus, Peziza vesiculosa (Yadomae et al, Microbiol. Immunol. 23, 997 (1979)), and was composed of protein (~60%), carbohydrate (~30%), and a small amount of amino sugar, uronic acid, phosphate, and lipid. The mitogenicity was not affected by periodate oxidation, N‐acylation, defatting treatment, destruction of the three dimentional structure, protease digestion, nuclease digestion, N‐bromosuccinimide treatment, and β‐mercaptoethanol treatment. However, the mitogenicity was decreased by a modification of carboxyl groups, such as 1‐ethyl‐3(3‐dimethylamino propyl)‐carbodiimide or dicyclohexylcarbodiimide treatment. Vesiculogen contains a large amount of acidic amino acids. These results suggest that the mitogenicity of vesiculogen is due to the presence of anionic groups, such as aspartic acid and glutamic acid, and that the mitogenic substance is a novel, heat stable polyanionic B‐cell activator obtained from Ascomycotina.
Constitutive Production of Phagocytosis Inducing Factor(s) in a Monocyte/Macrophage Lineage Cell Line (THP‐1) by Retrovirus‐Transformed Human T Cell Lines
Authors: Hinuma Shuji , Sugamura Kazuo , Tsukamoto Kyozo , Hinuma Yorio 
Published: November 2013

AbstractFour human T cell lines, MT‐2, TCL‐Kan, TCL‐As 2, and TCL‐Haz, established from normal leukocytes by cocultivation with adult T‐cell leukemia (ATL) virus (ATLV)‐producing cells, produced constitutively phagocytosis inducing factor(s) (PIF) that induced phagocytosis in a human monocytic cell line, THP‐1. These cell lines expressed ATLV‐associated antigens (ATLA) as well as numerous virus particles, whereas the other twelve leukocyte cell lines tested, including T cell lines, B cell lines, and non‐T and non‐B cell lines, did not produce detectable amounts of the factor(s) in the culture supernatants. PIF was produced in the absence of serum and was not related to either ATLV‐particles or viral structural proteins. Its activity was stable at 56 C for 30 min, but labile at 80 C for 30 min and at pH 2 for 20 hr. MT‐2 and TCL‐Kan produced large amounts of the factor(s) in the culture supernatants but little interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) or colony stimulating factor (CSF) activity was detected; furthermore, the activity was not neutralized by rabbit anti‐IFN‐γ sera. These observations suggest that some ATLV‐transformed Tcell lines produce PIF that is different from IFN‐γ and CSF.
Tumoricidal Adsorption of Staphylococcus aureus Organisms on Ehrlich Ascites Tumor Cells Sensitized with Rabbit Antibody
Authors: Masuda Shogo , Seki Keiko , Nishihara Shoko 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA tumoricidal effect was observed when protein A‐bearing Staphylococcus aureus organisms were adsorbed on Ehrlich ascites tumor cells previously sensitized with antiserum from a rabbit immunized with Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. Electron micrographs showed that staphylococci were firmly attached to the tumor cells, which might explain how effectively the attached cocci killed the tumor cells. The tumoricidal effect was confirmed not only by an in vitro experiment but also by an in vivo one. The possible applications of the tumoricidal adsorption as an indicator for staphylococcal virulence or for selective anti‐tumor action was discussed.
Lethal Effect of Neutral Mannan Fraction of Bakers' Yeast in Mice
Authors: Nagase Toshihiko , Mikami Takeshi , Suzuki Shigeo , Schuerch Conrad , Suzuki Masuko 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA simple polysaccharide, the neutral mannan from Saccharomyces cerevisiae wild type strain (WNM) was found to kill ddY strain mice by intravenous administration, showing a LD50 value of 12.2 mg/kg. On the other hand, the acidic mannan fraction from the same yeast containing phosphate (WAM025), and chemically phosphorylated WNM (WNM‐P) were practically non‐toxic. Concerning the relationship between chemical structure and lethal effect of these mannans, it was demonstrated that a mannan possessing a highly branched structure exhibited stronger lethality than those with less branched structures. Against C3H/HeJ strain mice with no responsiveness to lipopolysaccharide, the LD50 value of WNM was as high as 75 mg/kg. Pretreatment with 500 mg/kg of D‐mannose, N‐acetyl‐D‐glucosamine, D‐galactose, and L‐fucose prevented mice from the lethal effects of WNM. However, WNM (LD100) did not show any lethal effect in mice for 2 to 12 hr after treatment with dexamethasone, an anti‐inflammatory steroid.
Characterization of a Monoclonal Antibody Specific for Lipoteichoic Acid from Various Gram‐Positive Bacteria
Authors: Hamada Shigeyuki , Furuta Takushi , Okahashi Nobuo , Nisizawa Tosiki , Yamamoto Toshiko , Chiba Joe 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA hybrid cell line, 3G6, producing monoclonal antibody (mAb) against the polyglycerophosphate (PGP) backbone of lipoteichoic acids has been derived by the polyethylene glycol‐induced fusion of mouse myeloma cells and spleen cells from mice immunized with partially purified glucosyltransferase from culture supernatant of Streptococcus mutans strain 6715. Immunodiffusion tests and ELISA revealed that the antibody reacted with purified PGP from group A Streptococcus pyogenes strain Sv as well as crude phenol‐water and saline extracts of various gram‐positive bacteria except for a few species such as biotype B S. sanguis, Micrococcus sp., and Actinomyces viscosus. Whole cells of serotype b S. mutans and Staphylococcus epidermidis were agglutinated upon addition of 3G6 mAb, while those of most other species were not significantly affected by this procedure. A hapten inhibition study showed that glycerophosphate was only a potent inhibitor of passive hemagglutination reactions between LTA coated sheep erythrocytes and 3G6 mAb.
Antigenic Analysis of Flaviviruses with Monoclonal Antibodies against Negishi Virus
Authors: Furuta Itsuko , Takashima Ikuo , Arikawa Jiro , Hashimoto Nobuo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractTwelve monoclonal antibodies against Negishi virus were obtained and characterized by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and neutralization (NT) tests using five flaviviruses isolated in the pan‐Pacific region. The reaction pattern of the antibodies showed that Negishi virus was most closely related to Langat virus, followed by 3‐Arch, JE and Apoi viruses in that order. Hemagglutinating (HA) antigen of the virus had distinct HI relating sites which were Negishi virus specific, tick borne encephalitis (TBE) virus complex specific and flavivirus cross‐reactive. Monoclonal anti‐Negishi antibodies cross‐reactive to Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus in the HI test had neutralizing activity to JE virus but no activity to homologous Negishi virus.