bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Raman Spectroscopic Assessment of Degree of Conversion of Bulk-Fill Resin Composites – Changes at 24 Hours Post Cure
Authors: Par M , Gamulin O , Marovic D , Klaric E , Tarle Z 
Published: October 2014

SUMMARYObjectiveThe aim of this study was to determine degree of conversion (DC) of solid and flowable bulk-fill composites immediately and after 24 hours and investigate the variations of DC at surface and depths up to 4 mm.Materials and MethodsEight bulk-fill composites (Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill [shades IVA and IVB], Quixfil, X-tra fil, Venus Bulk Fill, X-tra Base, SDR, Filtek Bulk Fill) were investigated, and two conventional composites (GrandioSO, X-Flow) were used as controls. The samples (n = 5) were cured for 20 seconds with irradiance of 1090 mW/cm2. Raman spectroscopic measurements were made immediately after curing on sample surfaces and after 24 hours of dark storage at surface and at incremental depths up to 4 mm. Mean DC values were compared using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and t-test for dependent samples.ResultsSurface DC values immediately after curing ranged from 59.1%-71.8%, while the 24-hour postcure values ranged from 71.3%-86.1%. A significant increase of DC was observed 24 hours post cure for all bulk-fill composites, which amounted from 11.3% to 16.9%. Decrease of DC through depths up to 4 mm varied widely among bulk-fill composites and ranged from 2.9% to 19.7%.ConclusionsAll bulk-fill composites presented a considerable 24-hour postcure DC increase and clinically acceptable DC at depths up to 4 mm. Conventional control composites were sufficiently cured only up to 2 mm, despite significant postcure polymerization.
Effect of Beverages on Color and Translucency of New Tooth-Colored Restoratives
Authors: Tan BL , Yap AUJ , Ma HNT , Chew J , Tan WJ 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACT
This investigation examined the susceptibility to staining and translucency changes of some new tooth-colored restorative materials after immersion in different beverages. The materials studied were 3M Filtek Z350XT (ZT), 3M Filtek 350XT Flowable Restorative (ZF), Shofu Beautifil Flow Plus (BF), Shofu Beautifil II (B2), 3M Ketac Nano (N100), and 3M Photac Fil (PF). Following the manufacturers' instructions, 42 samples were made from each material and placed in an incubator at 100% humidity and 37°Celsius for 24 hours. Baseline L*, a*, b* readings were taken against white and black backgrounds using a photospectrometer. The samples were then randomly assigned to be immersed in seven beverages, namely cola drink, orange juice, red wine, vodka, black coffee, green tea, and distilled water for a period of seven days. Color readings were taken again by recording the L*, a*, b* values. Data was analyzed using t-tests, one-way analysis of variance with Tukey post hoc and Pearson's correlation (p&lt;0.05). BF generally performed as well as the conventional composite resin materials (ZT and ZF) but N100 and B2 did not. PF had the largest staining and translucency changes. Coffee, red wine, and tea resulted in the most staining and negative translucency changes. An inverse correlation between ΔE and ΔTP was observed for all materials and beverages with the exception of orange juice.
Occupational Exposure to Blood Among Hospital Workers in Montenegro
Authors: Cvejanov-Kezunović Ljiljana , Mustajbegović Jadranka , Milosevic Milan , Čivljak Rok 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis cross-sectional study was performed in nine Montenegrin hospitals to estimate the burden of occupational exposure to blood among hospital workers in Montenegro in 2010 using a modified Croatian self-reporting questionnaire on exposure to blood-borne infections. Of the 1043 respondents, 517 (49.6 %) reported exposure to blood. Variations between the hospitals were not significant, except for the hospital in Kotor, which stands out with the high percentage of exposed hospital workers (p<0.05). More than 77 % of exposures were not reported through standard hospital protocols at the time of the incident. The most exposed group to blood were nurses (357 of 517; 69.1 %), but the percentage of exposed nurses within the group did not stand out compared to other occupations and was close to that reported by physicians (50.57 % vs. 57.49 %, respectively). The number of hospital workers with appropriate HBV vaccination was surprisingly low (35.7 %) and significantly below the recommended best practice (at least two consecutive doses of HBV vaccine documented for 100 % of employees) (p<0.001). Even with its limitations, our study fills a gap in knowledge about the actual number of sharps incidents and other occupational exposure to blood among hospital workers in Montenegro as well as about the issue of underreporting, which is very common. It also confirms the urgent need for active implementation of special, comprehensive measures to prevent needle-stick and other sharps injuries. Constant staff training, life-long learning, and standardising post-exposure procedures are also recommended.
Contemporary Romanian Art in the United States
Authors: Altman Dana 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The article discusses the recent international interest in contemporary Romanian art and its growth in market share, with a focus on the United States. The theme is followed thorough in numerous museum exhibitions, increased collector following, art fair presence, gallery representation and auction activity initially in Europe and the United States. The phenomenon is discussed both in the context of the larger international movement conducive to the contemporary art price bubble, and in that of the local socio-economic changes. My chief interest lies in the factors leading up to the entry of post 1989 Romanian art in the global arena as a manifestation of market forces in the field. The analysis follows its grass roots local emergence through non-profit institutions, individual artists, small publications, low budget galleries, as well as the lack of contribution (with few notable exceptions) of state institutions, while pointing out the national context of increasing deregulation of social support systems resulting in lack of focus on cultural manifestations. The conclusion is that the recent ascent of contemporary Romanian art (and coincidentally, the award winning contemporary Romanian cinematography) is a fortuitous convergence of various factors, among which, increased international mobility and sharing. At the same time, it is also the result of the evolution of various individual artists that pursued a form of art rooted in Romanian artistic tradition but with a focus on the symbolic figurative. The result is a personal semiotics of raising the mundane to extraordinary levels that reconfigured the anxiety of entering a new system into an unmistakable and lasting visual language.
Nasal place assimilation and the perceptibility of place contrasts
Authors: Kawahara Shigeto , Garvey Kelly 
Published: October 2014

AbstractTypological studies of place assimilation show that nasal consonants are more likely to assimilate in place than oral stops (Cho, 1990; Jun, 1995, 2004; Mohanan, 1993). Jun (1995, 2004) argues that this typological asymmetry derives from a difference in the perceptibility of the place contrasts in nasal consonants and in oral stops. Since the place contrasts in nasals are perceptually weaker than the place contrasts in oral stops, speakers are more willing to neutralize the former. However, the previous phonetic and psycholinguistic experiments do not provide unambiguous evidence for the weaker perceptibility of the place contrasts in nasal consonants (Hura et al., 1992; Mohr & Wang, 1968; Pols, 1983; Winters, 2002). To offer additional experimental findings bearing on this debate, this paper reports two similarity judgment experiments and two identification experiments in noise, which all show the lower perceptibility of the place contrasts in nasal consonants in coda. The results are compatible with— and thus can lend support to—Jun’s (1995, 2004) idea that the asymmetry in place assimilation may result from a difference in the perceptibility of place contrasts.
Climatic influences on wood anatomy and tree‐ring features of Great Basin conifers at a new mountain observatory
Authors: Ziaco Emanuele , Biondi Franco , Rossi Sergio , Deslauriers Annie 
Published: October 2014

• Premise of the study: A network of mountain observing stations has been installed in the Great Basin of North America. NevCAN (Nevada Climate‐ecohydrological Assessment Network), which spans a latitudinal range of 2.5° and two elevation ranges of about 2000 m each, enabled us to investigate tree growth in relation to climate.• Methods: We analyzed wood anatomy and tree‐ring characteristics of four conifer species in response to different levels of water availability by comparing a low‐ and a high‐elevation population. Chronologies of earlywood and latewood widths, as well as cellular parameters, were developed from the year 2000 to 2012.• Results: At the southern (drier and warmer) sites, Pinus monophylla had smaller cell lumen, tracheid diameter, and cell wall thickness. Pinus monophylla and P. flexilis showed bigger cellular elements at the higher elevations, whereas the opposite pattern was found in Picea engelmannii and Pinus longaeva. When all species and sites were pooled together, stem diameter was positively related with earlywood anatomical parameters.• Discussion: We have provided a glimpse of the applications that NevCAN, as a new scientific tool, could allow in the general field of botany. In particular, we were able to investigate how differences in water stress related to elevation lead to changes in xylem anatomy.
Efficacy and Safety of Intravenous Tanezumab for the Symptomatic Treatment of Osteoarthritis: 2 Randomized Controlled Trials versus Naproxen
Authors: Ekman Evan F. , Gimbel Joseph S. , Bello Alfonso E. , Smith Michael D. , Keller David S. , Annis Karen M. , Brown Mark T. , West Christine R. , Verburg Kenneth M. 
Published: October 2014

Objective.Two studies evaluated efficacy and safety of tanezumab versus naproxen for treatment of knee or hip osteoarthritis (OA).Methods.Randomized controlled studies [NCT00830063 (Study 1015, n = 828) and NCT00863304 (Study 1018, n = 840)] of subjects with hip or knee OA compared intravenous tanezumab (5 mg or 10 mg) to placebo and naproxen (500 mg twice daily). Coprimary outcomes were Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) Pain, WOMAC Physical Function (0–10 numerical rating scale), and patient’s global assessment of OA at Week 16.Results.In both studies, tanezumab reduced pain versus placebo [least squares mean differences, 95% CI, tanezumab 5 mg: −1.21 (−1.72, −0.70); −1.13 (−1.65, −0.62); tanezumab 10 mg: −0.91 (−1.42, −0.40); −0.80 (−1.32, −0.29)], and improved function and global scores. Tanezumab 5 mg produced greater pain reduction [−0.76 (−1.28, −0.25); −0.69 (−1.21, −0.17)], and favorable functional and global outcomes versus naproxen. Pain reductions with tanezumab 10 mg versus naproxen did not reach significance, unlike functional (both studies) and global (1 study) outcomes; thus, tanezumab 10 mg was not superior to naproxen, and predefined statistical testing procedures were not met, allowing for conclusion of superiority of tanezumab 5 mg over naproxen despite replicated favorable coprimary outcomes. Tanezumab was associated with greater incidence of peripheral sensory adverse events (paresthesia, hyperesthesia, hypoesthesia, burning sensation), pain in extremity, peripheral edema, and arthralgia. Overall frequency and discontinuations as a result of adverse events were similar to placebo and naproxen.Conclusion.Tanezumab provides efficacious treatment of knee or hip OA and may have therapeutic utility in patients with OA who experience inadequate analgesia with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs.
The Effect of Male Sex on Survival in Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Hussein Haseena , Lee Peter , Chau Cathy , Johnson Sindhu R. 
Published: October 2014

Objective.Systemic sclerosis (SSc) has a female predominance, however, little is understood about the effect of sex on SSc manifestations and survival. The objectives of our study were to evaluate differences in disease manifestations, and survival rates between males and females with SSc.Methods.A retrospective cohort study of the Toronto Scleroderma Program was conducted to evaluate sex-based differences in disease manifestations and survival. A relative survival analysis compared SSc survival to the general population.Results.There were 959 patients (791 females, 168 males) identified, with a female:male ratio of 4.7:1. Males more frequently had diffuse SSc [45% vs 30%, relative risk (RR) 1.44, 95% CI 1.18–1.75] and interstitial lung disease (ILD; 41% vs 33%, RR 1.24, 95% CI 1.01–1.52). There were 324 deaths (65 males, 259 females). Males had increased unadjusted mortality compared to females (HR 1.57, 95% CI 1.19–2.06). In an adjusted model including immunosuppressive use, male sex (HR 1.40, 95% CI 1.06–1.85), ILD (HR 1.58, 95% CI 1.26–1.98), and older age at diagnosis (HR 1.05, 95% CI 1.04–1.06) were independently associated with increased mortality, whereas the limited subtype (HR 0.70, 95% CI 0.49–0.77) and anticentromere antibodies (HR 0.70, 95% CI 0.49–0.98) were independently associated with decreased mortality. Male sex was associated with increased risk of mortality (HR 1.16, p = 0.003) in patients with SSc above that observed for males in the general population.Conclusion.The differential effect of disease between sexes is small, yet males have decreased survival compared to females with SSc.
Systemic Sclerosis Sine Scleroderma: A Multicenter Study of 1417 Subjects
Authors: Diab Sehriban , Dostrovsky Nathaniel , Hudson Marie , Tatibouet Solène , Fritzler Marvin J. , Baron Murray ,   the Canadian Scleroderma Research Group, Khalidi Nader 
Published: October 2014

Objective.To describe the clinical and serological features of systemic sclerosis sine scleroderma (ssSSc) in a multicentered SSc cohort.Methods.Data from 1417 subjects in the Canadian Scleroderma Research Group registry were extracted to identify subjects with ssSSc, defined as SSc diagnosed by an expert rheumatologist, but without any sclerodactyly or skin involvement prior to baseline study visit or during followup. Clinical and serological features of ssSSc subjects were compared to limited (lcSSc) and diffuse cutaneous SSc (dcSSc) subjects.Results.At the first registry visit, only 57 subjects (4.0%) were identified as having ssSSc. Of these, 30 (2.1%) were reclassified as lcSSc within 1.9 years. Thus, only 27 ssSSc subjects (1.9%) remained, with mean followup of 2.4 years. Clinical profiles of ssSSc were generally similar or milder compared to lcSSc, and milder than dcSSc, including rates of interstitial lung disease (25.9% ssSSc, 25.4% lcSSc, 40.3% dcSSc). Patients with ssSSc had serological profiles similar to those with lcSSc, including high rates of anticentromere antibodies (50.0% ssSSc, 47.5% lcSSc, 12.1% dcSSc), and low rates of antitopoisomerase I (16.7% ssSSc, 7.0% lcSSc, 21.8% dcSSc) and anti-RNA polymerase III (0 ssSSc, 11.1% lcSSc, 34.9% dcSSc).Conclusion.The condition ssSSc is rare and resembles lcSSc. These observations suggest that ssSSc is most likely a forme fruste of lcSSc, and that the absence of skin involvement may in part be related to misclassification arising from early or subtle skin involvement. There is little evidence to consider ssSSc as a distinct clinical or serological subset of SSc.
Transitioning to Employment with a Rheumatic Disease: The Role of Independence, Overprotection, and Social Support
Authors: Jetha Arif , Badley Elizabeth , Beaton Dorcas , Fortin Paul R. , Shiff Natalie J. , Rosenberg Alan M. , Tucker Lori B. , Mosher Dianne P. , Gignac Monique A.M. 
Published: October 2014

Objective.To examine perceived independence, overprotection, and support, and their association with the employment participation of young adults with rheumatic disease.Methods.One hundred and forty-three young adults, ages 18 to 30 years, with systemic lupus erythematosus (54.5%) and juvenile arthritis (45.5%) completed a 30-min online questionnaire of their work and education experiences. Information collected was demographic, health (e.g., pain, fatigue, disease activity), work context (e.g., career satisfaction, helpfulness of job accommodation/benefits, and workplace activity limitations), and psychosocial (e.g., independence, social support, and overprotection). Log-Poisson regression analysis examined factors associated with employment status.Results.Over half of respondents were employed (59%) and 26% were enrolled in school. Respondents reported moderate to high perceptions of independence and social support. However, 27% reported that “quite a bit” to “a great deal” of overprotection characterized their relationships with those closest to them. At the bivariate level, employed participants and those indicating greater perceived independence reported greater social support and less overprotection. Multivariable analysis revealed that being employed was associated with older age, more job accommodations/benefits perceived as being helpful, and greater perceived independence.Conclusion.This is one of the first studies examining the employment of young adults with rheumatic diseases. Findings highlight the importance of psychosocial perceptions such as independence and overprotection, in addition to support related to working. Additional research is needed to better understand the role of those close to young adults with rheumatic diseases in supporting independence and encouraging employment.
Les investissements saoudiens dans la Corne de l'Afrique : l'exemple de Mohamed Al Amoudi, homme d'affaires saoudien en Ethiopie
Authors: Calvary Romain 
Published: October 2014

Alors que les investissements du Golfe, en particulier saoudiens, dans la Corne de l’Afrique sont en augmentation, cet article propose une analyse du parcours et des activités économiques de l’homme d’affaires saoudien Mohammed Al Amoudi en Ethiopie, premier investisseur étranger dans ce pays. Cet article s’inscrit notamment en faux contre certaines analyses, qui en se focalisant sur les relations d’ Etats à Etats, interprètent cette intensification des flux économiques comme étant le seul fruit d’une « stratégie » délibérément suivie par Riyad. L’étude du parcours personnel de Mohammed Al Amoudi montre au contraire que ses investissements en Ethiopie sont le fruit d’une démarche personnelle et répondent d’une rationalité économique. Le succès de ses activités repose en grande partie sur les bonnes relations qu’il entretient avec le pouvoir politique éthiopien et sur le réseau personnel dont il dispose sur place. Du fait des relations anciennes entre la Corne de l’Afrique et la péninsule arabique, Al-Amoudi a ainsi pu s’appuyer sur ses liens personnels avec l’Ethiopie, son pays d’origine, pour y investir et prospérer dans ses affaires. Aujourd’hui, le renforcement de ces flux économiques repose sur la capacité et la volonté de l’Etat saoudien de renforcer ses relations diplomatiques avec l’Ethiopie, afin d’offrir un cadre et des garanties aux investisseurs qui ne disposent pas des mêmes appuis. Riyad pourra en cela s’appuyer sur Al-Amoudi, qui n’hésite pas à jouer, dans l’intérêt des deux partis, un rôle d’intermédiaire dans les relations diplomatiques et économiques.
Les origines africaines du droit au Maghreb
Authors: Ben Saad Safa 
Published: October 2014

La méthodologie comparative permet de classifier les systèmes juridiques en différentes « familles ». Les systèmes juridiques des pays du Maghreb sont classifiés comme des systèmes mixtes. L’étude juridique du droit maghrébin s’inscrit généralement dans l’étude de l’histoire du droit musulman et de l’influence du droit civil. Pourtant, ces axes ne sont pas les seuls explorables ; juristes et historiens omettent souvent de replacer le Maghreb dans son milieu géographique et culturel africain et de voir en quoi ces régimes mixtes maghrébins le sont aussi par la présence d’autres influences, notamment africaines.
La déconnexion aux technologies de géolocalisation
Authors: Bruna Yann 
Published: October 2014

L’enquête ici présentée et menée auprès d’étudiants se servant de smartphones a permis de mesurer un double écart. Le premier écart réside entre, d’une part, l’utilité, la dimension pratique et la facilité des applications utilisant la géolocalisation et, d’autre part, la crainte diffuse que cette même géolocalisation suscite en matière de confidentialité et de préservation de la vie privée. Si la quasi-totalité des étudiants interrogés trouvent ces applications utiles et pratiques, les trois quarts d’entre eux pensent que la géolocalisation présente des risques, le sentiment d’être « pisté et surveillé » venant très majoritairement en premier. Le second écart renvoie à la distance entre, d’une part, l’auto-évaluation par les utilisateurs de leurs capacités à maîtriser les fonctions de géolocalisation et, d’autre part, l’effectivité de ces mêmes capacités. Le constat est que, pour certaines applications, cet écart est très important. Si la crainte de laisser des traces privées via la géolocalisation existe bien et se double de la croyance qu’une maîtrise est toujours possible, les capacités pratiques et le savoir-faire concret des utilisateurs ne sont en rien à la hauteur de cette croyance.
Nouvelles relations de travail en régime numérique
Authors: Maresca Sylvain 
Published: October 2014

On assimile souvent le numérique à une révolution technologique. Certes, elle a transformé le matériel et affecté profondément les manières de travailler des professionnels de l’image que sont les photographes. Mais elle a eu également des répercussions importantes dans les relations de coopération, les rapports aux commanditaires, et par voie de conséquence l’organisation du travail. Cet article explore cet aspect plus proprement social du passage au numérique à partir des données d’une enquête conduite entre 2010 et 2012 auprès des photographes et de leurs partenaires professionnels. On constate ainsi que l’outil technologique a accentué le pouvoir des donneurs d’ordre sur leurs prestataires, dans le sillage d’une évolution économique initiée dans les années 1990.
L'improbable État kurde unifié
Authors: Billion Didier 
Published: October 2014

Présentes sur les territoires de quatre États, les populations kurdes s’inscrivent dans des cadres et des référents nationaux différents. Il n’existe pas une seule communauté, ni un mouvement régional, ni même une simple structuration transnationale : on constate un enchevêtrement de facteurs et une pluralité d’acteurs. La question kurde est éminemment plurielle et chaque dynamique nationale, encore traversée par des lignes de fractures entre Kurdes éventuellement instrumentalisés par les États voisins, présente des caractéristiques qui lui sont propres. Les spécificités des situations turque, irakienne, syrienne et iranienne rendent ainsi improbable la proclamation d’un État kurde unifié et laissent à penser à un maintien du statu quo , d’autant que chaque mouvement a bien saisi l’importance d’investir le champ politique des États existants pour faire valoir des droits culturels et politiques.