bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sentinel lymph node biopsy does not apply to all axillary lymph node‐positive breast cancer patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Ge Wen‐kai , Yang Ben , Zuo Wen‐shu , Zheng Gang , Dai Ying‐qi , Han Chao , Yang Li , Zheng Mei‐zhu 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) after neoadjuant chemotherapy (NAC) in breast cancer patients with confirmed axillary nodal metastases.MethodsWe enrolled 51 patients with breast cancer who received NAC. All patients were proven to have axillary nodal metastases by histopathology biopsy prior to NAC. They all underwent SLNB before breast surgery, and complete axillary lymph node dissection immediately followed.ResultsThe identification rate for SLNB was 87.5% (84/96); the false negative rate was 24.5% (12/49). The clinicopathological factors were not significantly correlated with the identification and false negative rate of the SLNB. Lymphatic mapping, blue dye or radionuclide methods tended to decrease the identification rate of SLNB (P = 0.073). Clinical nodal status before NAC has a trend to increase the false‐negative rates of the SLNB (P = 0.059). For patients with N1 clinical axillary lymph nodal status, the identification rate was 93.9%, and the false negative rate was 5.9%, compared with N2‐3 patients with 73.9% and 38.9%, respectively.ConclusionsSLNB is feasible for the patients whose axillary lymph nodal status before NAC is N1. However, for N2‐3 patients, SLNB cannot be used as an infallible indicator of non‐SLN status.
Intrathymic ectopic parathyroid adenoma caused primary hyperparathyroidism with vitamin D deficiency several years after bariatric surgery
Authors: Sellitri Francesco , Tamburrini Alessandro , Tacconi Federico , Bollero Patrizio , Ortensi Andrea , Mineo Tommaso Claudio 
Published: May 2014

AbstractUp to 25% of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism have ectopic parathyroid adenoma. A 45‐year‐old formerly obese woman underwent extended thymectomy for a parathyroid adenoma located in hyperplastic thymic tissue, associated with primary hyperparathyroidism and severe vitamin D deficiency, but normal bone mineral density. At nine months follow‐up, all laboratory test results were within normal limits and she presented no symptoms and no recurrence of disease. In this case, autonomous growth of a parathyroid adenoma was reasonably secondary to chronic calcium and vitamin D malabsorption, which often occurs after bariatric surgery for pathologic obesity.
How to tell a shrub from a tree: A life‐history perspective from a South African savanna
Authors: Zizka Alexander , Govender Navashni , Higgins Steven I. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe ecological differences between ‘shrubs’ and ‘trees’ are surprisingly poorly understood and clear ecological definitions of these two constructs do not exist. It is not clear whether a shrub is simply a small tree or whether shrubs represent a distinct life‐history strategy. This question is of special interest in African savannas, where shrubs and trees often co‐dominate, but are often treated uniformly as ‘woody plants’ even though the tree to shrub ratio is an important determinant of ecosystem functioning. In this study we use data from a long‐term fire experiment, together with a trait‐based approach to test (i) if woody species usually classified as shrubs or trees in African savanna differ in key traits related to disturbance and resource use; and (ii) if these differences justify the interpretation of the two growth forms as distinct life‐history strategies. We measured for 22 of the most common woody plant species of a South African savanna 27 plant traits related to plant architecture, life‐history, leaf characteristics, photosynthesis and resprouting capacity. Furthermore we evaluated their performance during a long‐term fire experiment. We found that woody plants authors call (i) shrubs; (ii) shrubs sometimes small trees; and (3) trees responded differently to long‐term fire treatments. We additionally found significant differences in architecture, diameter‐height‐allometry, foliage density, resprouting vigour after fire, minimum fruiting height and foliar δ13C between these three woody plant types. We interpret these findings as evidence for at least two different life‐history‐strategies: an avoidance/adaptation strategy for shrubs (early reproduction + adaptation to minor disturbance) and an escape strategy for trees (promoted investment in height growth + delayed reproduction).
A Meta‐Analysis of Pulmonary Function With Pulsatile Perfusion in Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Lim Choon‐Hak , Nam Myung‐Ji , Lee Ji‐Sung , Kim Hyun‐Jung , Kim Ji‐Yeon , Shin Hye‐Won , Lee Hye‐Won , Sun Kyung 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine whether pulsatile or nonpulsatile perfusion had a greater effect on pulmonary dysfunction in randomized controlled trials. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were used to identify available articles published before April 13, 2013. A meta‐analysis was conducted on the effects of pulsatile perfusion on postoperative pulmonary function, intubation time, and the lengths of intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital stays. Eight studies involving 474 patients who received pulsatile perfusion and 496 patients who received nonpulsatile perfusion during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) were considered in the meta‐analysis. Patients receiving pulsatile perfusion had a significantly greater PaO2/FiO2 ratio 24 h and 48 h post‐operation (P < 0.00001, both) and significantly lower chest radiograph scores at 24 h and 48 h post‐operation (P < 0.00001 and P = 0.001, respectively) compared with patients receiving nonpulsatile perfusion. The incidence of noninvasive ventilation for acute respiratory insufficiency was significantly lower (P < 0.00001), and intubation time and ICU and hospital stays were shorter (P = 0.004, P < 0.00001, and P < 0.00001, respectively) in patients receiving pulsatile perfusion during CPB compared with patients receiving nonpulsatile perfusion. In conclusion, our meta‐analysis suggests that the use of pulsatile flow during CPB results in better postoperative pulmonary function and shorter ICU and hospital stays.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel Marine Bromopyrrole Alkaloid‐Based Derivatives as Potential Antidepressant Agents
Authors: Rane Rajesh A. , Napahde Shital , Bangalore Pavan Kumar , Sahu Niteshkumar U. , Shah Nishant , Kulkarni Yogesh A. , Barve Kalyani , Lokare Leena , Karpoormath Rajshekhar 
Published: May 2014

Herein, we report synthesis and screening of a series of twenty derivatives of bromopyrrole alkaloids with aroyl hydrazone feature for antidepressant activity by forced swim test (FST), tail suspension test (TST), and actophotometer method. The molecules were further evaluated for in vitro human MAO's inhibitory activities. The tested compounds exhibited moderate to good antidepressant activity compared with standard fluoxetine. Among these, most promising antidepressant derivatives 5b (%DID = 60.48), 5e (%DID = 59), and 5j (%DID = 74.86) reduced immobility duration of 50–70% at 30 mg/kg dose levels in FST. Further, derivative 5b, 5e, and 5j displayed good antidepressant activity with %DID value of 47.50, 46.62, and 52.49, respectively, in TST compared with standard fluoxetine (66.56% DID). Compound 5b showed high in vitro MAO‐A potency and selectivity (Ki MAO‐A (μm) = 2.4 ± 0.99, SI = 0.06) with promising pharmacological activity recognizing its potential as antidepressant lead candidate for further drug development. Study revealed that the presence of halogen atoms such as chlorine and fluorine at ortho‐ and/or para‐position of phenyl ring and N‐alkylation of pyrrole core is favored features for antidepressant activity.
Dopamine D3 Receptor‐Regulated NR2B Subunits of N‐Methyl‐d‐Aspartate Receptors in the Nucleus Accumbens Involves in Morphine‐Induced Locomotor Activity
Authors: Liu Xin‐She , Hou Ying , Yan Ting‐Lin , Guo Yan‐Yan , Han Wei , Guan Fang‐Lin , Chen Teng , Li Tao 
Published: May 2014

SummaryAimsDopamine and glutamate receptors are densely expressed in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Active interactions between these receptors contribute to the development of neuropsychiatric diseases, such as drug addiction and relapse. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these interactions remain unclear.MethodsThis study established a mouse model of intermittent morphine‐induced mouse behavioral sensitization model. Western blot and electrophysiological recording methods were performed to directly identify the affective components of morphine behavioral sensitization.ResultsInterval morphine administration could cause significant locomotor sensitization. Hyperlocomotion and behavioral locomotor sensitization were significantly suppressed when ifenprodil (5 mg/kg), a selective NR2B subunit‐containing N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, or nafadotride (25 μg/kg), a dopamine D3 receptor (D3R)‐preferring antagonist, was coadministered with morphine. Western blot analysis showed that morphine behavioral sensitization induced a region‐specific increase in phosphorylation of NR2B (pNR2B) and total levels of NR2B (NR2B) expression in the NAc. Systemically administered nafadotride attenuated behavioral locomotor sensitization induced by morphine and significantly reversed the overexpression of pNR2B and NR2B subunit‐containing NMDA receptor in the NAc. NMDA receptor‐mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents in the NAc were also significantly reduced by nafadotride.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that D3Rs are involved in morphine‐induced behavioral locomotor sensitization in mice by regulating the NR2B subunits of NMDA receptors in the NAc.
Comparative ecologies of domestic and naturalised rainbow trout in northern Lake Huron
Authors: Johnston Tom A. , Wilson Chris C. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractNorthern Lake Huron (Ontario, Canada) supports the largest concentration of freshwater salmonid cage culture farms in Canada and receives inputs of domestic‐strain rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) through escapement. We assessed the potential effects of these domestic fish on the naturalised rainbow trout of this ecosystem by comparing their respective ecologies. Mature adults were sampled from spawning tributaries, primarily in spring, and to a lesser extent in fall. Fish of domestic origin comprised ~80% of rainbow trout sampled from sites near cage culture facilities but <20% of rainbow trout sampled from more distant sites. Domestic adults in spawning condition (gametes free‐flowing) were present in the spawning tributaries in both spring and fall sampling seasons, whereas naturalised fish in spawning condition were only observed in the spring. Domestic adults were younger and smaller (in length), appeared to have shorter lifespan and had a higher male to female ratio compared with their naturalised counterparts. Growth rates (change in length with age) of naturalised and domestic females in the wild were similar, but domestic males grew more slowly than naturalised males. Domestic females also produced smaller eggs than naturalised females. Food web positions (inferred from δ13C and δ15N) of domestic and naturalised fish were very similar but varied more strongly with body size in the former. Domestic‐strain rainbow trout of cage culture origin can survive, grow and attempt to spawn in northern Lake Huron and have the potential to compete for food, mates and spawning habitat with naturalised rainbow trout.
Prevalence of ophthalmic disease in blue‐eyed horses
Authors: Bergstrom B. E. , Labelle A. L. , Pryde M. E. , Hamor R. E. , Myrna K. E. 
Published: May 2014

SummaryA perception exists amongst referring veterinarians and the lay public that blue‐eyed horses have increased frequency of ocular disease. The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the prevalence of ocular disease in horses with blue or heterochromic eyes relative to those with brown eyes. The medical records of horses presenting to either the Comparative Ophthalmology services or Equine Medicine/Surgery services at 2 institutions were reviewed. Signalment, ocular and nonocular diagnoses were recorded. Ocular disease was divided into 4 categories: adnexa, cornea, intraocular/orbit and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Owners were contacted by telephone to confirm iris colour. Chi‐square analysis was used to compare group proportions. A total of 164 eyes of horses with ocular disease and 212 eyes of horses without ocular disease were included. Blue eyes were equally common in the ocular disease and nonocular disease groups (P = 0.265). There was no significant difference in the proportion of blue‐ and brown‐eyed horses when comparing the adnexal and corneal (P = 0.548), corneal and intraocular/orbit (P = 0.379) and adnexal and intraocular/orbit (P = 0.843) categories. A significant difference was detected in the proportion of blue‐eyed horses between the adnexal (P = 0.000), corneal (P = 0.033), intraocular/orbital (P = 0.000) andSCCcategories, with a higher proportion of blue‐eyed horses in theSCCthan in the other 3 groups. Horses with blue or heterochromic irides are more likely to develop ocularSCCthan horses with brown irides, but are not more likely to have adnexal, corneal or intraocular/orbital disease or to be presented for evaluation of ophthalmic disease. Veterinarians should consider the results of this study when answering questions from the lay public regarding the predisposition of blue‐eyed horses to ocular disease.
Low‐dose cytokine‐induced neutral ceramidase secretion from INS‐1 cells via exosomes and its anti‐apoptotic effect
Authors: Zhu Qun , Kang Jian , Miao Heng , Feng Yamin , Xiao Lijun , Hu Zhigao , Liao Duan‐Fang , Huang Yan , Jin Junfei , He Songqing 
Published: May 2014

It has been reported that the effect of inflammatory cytokines on β‐cell destruction in type 1 diabetes is concentration‐dependent. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, we found that a high concentration of cytokines promoted apoptosis in the rat β‐cell line INS‐1, whereas a low concentration of cytokines had no effect. We also found that cytokines at a low concentration stimulated neutral ceramidase (NCDase) release via exosomes from INS‐1 cells, whereas cytokines at a high concentration inhibited NCDase release. Furthermore, the results showed that the NCDase‐containing exosomes isolated from the culture medium of INS‐1 cells treated with cytokines at a low concentration inhibited apoptosis induced by a high concentration of cytokines. Finally, the results also showed that the protective action of NCDase in the exosomes on apoptosis was mediated by the generation of sphingosine 1‐phosphate (S1P) and its interaction with S1P receptor 2. Taken together, these findings revealed a novel NCDase‐S1P‐phosphate‐S1P receptor 2‐dependent mechanism by which a low level of inflammatory cytokines protects pancreatic β‐cells from apoptosis induced by a high level of inflammatory cytokines.
Prospective observational cohort studies for studying rare diseases: the European PedNet Haemophilia Registry
Authors: Fischer K. , Ljung R. , Platokouki H. , Liesner R. , Claeyssens S. , Smink E. , van den Berg H. M. 
Published: May 2014

SummaryHaemophilia is a rare disease. To improve knowledge, prospective studies of large numbers of subjects are needed. To establish a large well‐documented birth cohort of patients with haemophilia enabling studies on early presentation, side effects and outcome of treatment. Twenty‐one haemophilia treatment centres have been collecting data on all children with haemophilia with FVIII/IX levels up to 25% born from 2000 onwards. Another eight centres collected data on severe haemophilia A only. At baseline, details on delivery and diagnosis, gene mutation, family history of haemophilia and inhibitors are collected. For the first 75 exposure days, date, reason, dose and product are recorded for each infusion. Clinically relevant inhibitors are defined as follows: at least two positive inhibitor titres and a FVIII/IX recovery <66% of expected. For inhibitor patients, results of all inhibitor‐ and recovery tests are collected. For continued treatment, data on bleeding, surgery, prophylaxis and clotting factor consumption are collected annually. Data are downloaded for analysis annually. In May 2013, a total of 1094 patients were included: 701 with severe, 146 with moderate and 247 with mild haemophilia. Gene defect data were available for 87.6% of patients with severe haemophilia A. The first analysis, performed in May 2011, lead to two landmark publications. The outcome of this large collaborative research confirms its value for the improvement of haemophilia care. High‐quality prospective observational cohorts form an ideal source to study natural history and treatment in rare diseases such as haemophilia.
Constrained consumer practices and food safety concerns in Hanoi
Authors: Wertheim‐Heck Sigrid C.O. , Vellema Sietze , Spaargaren Gert 
Published: May 2014

AbstractFood safety is a widely recognized concern in Vietnam. Public officials, companies and consumers find different ways to address risks of pesticide residues and bacterial contamination related to the use of fresh vegetables in daily diets. The response of the government to these food safety risks includes the modernization and regulation of the food retail system. However, reforms that aim to offer a controlled and predictable provision of fresh vegetables through supermarkets seem to contrast with the daily consumer practices in a dynamic city as Hanoi; over 95% of vegetables is still being purchased at long‐established open‐air markets, importantly the informal and unhygienic street markets. Using a practices theory approach, this paper aims to explain this persistence of street‐market shopping for vegetables. Detailed accounts of consumer practices, case studies at different retailing sites and daily logbooks of consumers demonstrate that the way consumers cope with food safety risks is largely shaped by the temporal and spatial constraints of their daily shopping practices. We identified how vegetable shopping is either enjoyed as social interaction within the local community or is regarded a time‐consuming activity that conflicts with other activities in everyday life. Our findings indicate how these constraints constitute a reinforcing mechanism for the persistence of uncontrolled and unhygienic street markets. To make policy responses to food safety risks both more realistic and effective, it is essential to connect to and accommodate the daily realities of consumers managing time and space in a modernizing city rather than to impose an ideal, typical market exclusively driven by the wish to control food safety risks.
Measurement of 34S/32S Ratios of NBS 120c and BCR 32 Phosphorites Using Purge and Trap EA‐IRMS Technology
Authors: Fourel François , Martineau François , Seris Magali , Lécuyer Christophe 
Published: May 2014

Measurements of sulfur stable isotope ratios (34S/32S) have suffered from technical difficulties in analysing low‐S materials reducing their use despite their undeniable scientific interest. The measurement of 34S/32S ratios is a powerful tool for deciphering problems such as determining the sources of environmental pollutants, to detect adulteration, tracking the evolution of the redox state of the oceans and quantifying the role of the bacterial activity in sulfide minerals genesis. We have used a high‐precision method of sulfur isotope determination using a new type of elemental analyser based on ‘purge and trap’ technology. This new technique demonstrates the high quality of 34S/32S measurements for samples with S concentrations lower than 1% m/m. International calibrated references of diverse sulfur‐bearing materials were used to calibrate two low (< 1%) S‐bearing phosphorites used as compositional reference material for future use as isotopic references: BCR 32 and NBS 120c. δ34SCDT values of, respectively, 18.2‰ (1s = 0.3; n = 23) and 18.3‰ (1s = 0.4; n = 20) are proposed for these. Calibration of both phosphorites with international reference materials led to calculation of a mean standard error close to 0.4‰. The demonstration of a capability to reliably measure S isotope ratios in low‐S phosphate minerals or rocks opens up new fields of palaeoenvironmental reconstructions.
UF Application for Innovative Reuse of Fish Brine: Product Quality, CCP Management and the HACCP System
Authors: Drost Arkadiusz , Nędzarek Arkadiusz , Bogusławska‐Wąs Elżbieta , Tórz Agnieszka , Bonisławska Małgorzata 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWastewater generated as a result of the fish brining process has a very high contamination load. Application of appropriate technologies of wastewater treatment in order to reuse it in the production process once the NaCl content has been supplemented can provide an alternative to its costly recycling. The experiment included ultrafiltration tests conducted on waste brine originating from food processing industry. The results of physicochemical tests indicated very high reductions of fat content (100%) and turbidity (99.8%). Reductions were also revealed in the case of other indicators, i.e., chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, protein and histamine content: by 24.4, 35.2, 27.6 and 22.7%, respectively. Furthermore, it was reported that the obtained permeate retained its quality and microbiological stability. The studied ultrafiltration (UF) process can be successfully used for recirculation of brine in salted fish processing, and at the same time constitute an easily monitored critical control point in the hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) system.Practical ApplicationsFish processing industry is characterized by very high water consumption for technological purposes and generates a considerable amount of wastewater burdened with organic matter and mineral compounds (mainly sodium chloride). Such wastewater is usually released to the common sewage system. An alternative solution would be to release it into a recirculation system. This solution can be made possible by membrane separation technologies. The application of the UF using ceramic membranes allows to obtain high‐quality brine which can be successfully reused in the production process after the NaCl content has been replenished. Moreover, introduction of the UF technology meets the requirements of the HACCP system.
Primary urinary bladder haemangiosarcoma in a captive saddleback tamarin (Saguinus fuscicollis)
Authors: Gonzales‐Viera Omar , Quevedo Tatiana , Chavera Alfonso , Perales‐Camacho Rosa , Grandi Fabrizio , Catão‐Dias José L. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackgroundA captive adult male saddleback tamarin, Saguinus fuscicollis, was lethargic, unresponsive to its surrounding and died before medical care.MethodsNecroscopic, histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations were performed.ResultsNeoplastic spindle cells of the urinary bladder were positive for antifactor VIII antibody.ConclusionA primary urinary bladder haemangiosarcoma was diagnosed, and it has not been previously reported in non‐human primates.