bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring access and attitudes to regular sexually transmitted infection screening: the views of young, multi‐ethnic, inner‐city, female students
Authors: Normansell Rebecca , Drennan Vari M. , Oakeshott Pippa 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundLow uptake of sexually transmitted infection (STI) testing by young people is a major public health problem worldwide. The aims of this qualitative, community‐based study were to explore access and attitudes to STI screening in high risk, young, ethnically diverse female students.MethodsQualitative semi‐structured interviews were conducted at an inner‐London further education college with 17 women aged 16–25 years.ResultsThe women wanted convenient, regular STI testing and perceived this as responsible behaviour. However, they doubted the maturity of their peers who were unlikely to view themselves as candidates for testing, and feared the perceived stigma associated with testing. This was reflected in their preference for confidential testing. Despite attending their general practice for non‐sexual health matters, most did not consider this option for STI testing. However, the long wait in specialist clinics was an important barrier. Many younger participants would not want postal STI sample kits sent to their homes. We found dissatisfaction with sexual health education.ConclusionsSTI screening for underserved groups such as young sexually active ethnically diverse female college students needs to be confidential, convenient, easily accessed and offered in ways that allow them to consider themselves as candidates for such screening without fear of social stigma. Family doctors should be aware that young women often do not perceive primary care to be an option for accessing STI screening, and could consider ways of advertising these services. Policymakers and commissioners should be aware that clinic waiting times and lack of education remain barriers to testing.
The importance of packaging in purchase and usage behaviour
Authors: Gómez Mar , Martín‐Consuegra David , Molina Arturo 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThis study's primary objective is to analyse how consumers evaluate product packaging in two distinct phases of the consumer decision‐making process: at the moment of acquisition and post‐consumption. The packaging's technical, functional and informative attributes, as well as its influence on satisfaction and loyalty, were evaluated. An empirical study was conducted with a product of immediate consumption, milk, using four versions of packaging and a total sample of 265 family units. The model was evaluated using partial least squares (PLS), and differences were compared using variance analysis. The results demonstrate the most and least valued attributes, the primary differences between the four types of packaging, and the perception generated at each moment. The research provides interesting theoretical and empirical perspectives and has business implications for marketing directors and product managers.
Sustainable fashion consumption and the fast fashion conundrum: fashionable consumers and attitudes to sustainability in clothing choice
Authors: McNeill Lisa , Moore Rebecca 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe fashion industry has recently heeded the call for sustainability and ethically sound production. There has been, however, a reluctant uptake of these products with many consumers and a seeming conflict with existing ‘fast fashion’ desires in this area. This study explores the attitudes of fashion consumers toward sustainable products, ethical fashion purchasing and their subsequent behaviour. The research applies the developmental theory model to a fashion context, finding fashion consumers can be categorized into one of three groups: ‘Self’ consumers, concerned with hedonistic needs, ‘Social’ consumers, concerned with social image and ‘Sacrifice’ consumers who strive to reduce their impact on the world. These different groups view fast fashion in conflicting ways and subsequent implications for marketing sustainably produced fashion products to each group are, thus, significantly different.
Consumer rights of the elderly as vulnerable consumers in South Africa: some comparative aspects of the Consumer Protection Act 68 of 2008
Authors: Barnard Jacolien 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAlthough consumer protection is not a new concept in South African law, the Consumer Protection Act 68 of 2008 (CPA) now provides for a much more comprehensive and encompassing mechanism to protect consumers. Consumers are protected, not only in the provision of goods and services, the conclusion of contracts but also in the promotion and marketing thereof. The CPA further provides special protection to a particular type of consumer which is the vulnerable consumer and includes elderly consumers. Importantly, and for the first time in the history of South African law, the consumer is provided with eight core fundamental consumer rights. As this contribution is an attempt to provide an interdisciplinary analysis from a legal perspective, identification of what is considered to be an ‘elderly' consumer, needs to be assessed by referring to relevant empirical studies from both an international as well as South African perspective. The focus of this study is on the protection of the elderly as a category of vulnerable consumers in terms of the CPA. The investigation will attempt to show that the elderly is protected in terms of all eight of the fundamental consumer rights within the CPA. Special reference will be made to two fundamental rights of the consumer in terms of the CPA. First, the elderly consumer's right to equality in the consumer market (Part A of the CPA) which provides additional protection as the CPA also refers to the Constitutional right to equality. Second, the elderly consumer's the right to fair and responsible marketing (Part E of the CPA) which in terms of the research is compared with the EU Unfair Commercial Practices Directive. Certain problems regarding elderly consumers are identified and the importance of consumer rights as well as the implementation of the correct consumer policy is argued.
Response to advertising on online social networks: the role of social capital
Authors: Pinho José Carlos , Soares Ana Maria 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe objective of this study is to analyse the marketing value obtained from developing and maintaining social relationships through online social networks (OSNs). We propose and test a structural model that considers a number of antecedents to response to advertising, namely social capital, social status and sociability. Data was gathered through the administration of a structured online questionnaire to a sample of 274 OSN users. Results show that social capital derived from participating in OSNs has a positive impact on social status and sociability; in turn this has a positive impact in response to advertising. This study advances theory by analysing the impact of bonding and bridging social capital on both social status and sociability. Additionally, it examines the impact of both of these constructs on response to advertising. The confirmation of the significance of social capital gained through participation in OSNs and its impact on response to ads provides support for the notion that the relationally oriented and marketing‐oriented management of OSNs are compatible. These findings are of great relevance for the appropriate management of company presence on OSNs.
The heuristic‐systemic model of sustainability stewardship: facilitating sustainability values, beliefs and practices with corporate social responsibility drives and eco‐labels/indices
Authors: Kim HaeJung , Lee Stacy H. , Yang Kiseol 
Published: February 2015

AbstractUsing a framework from the heuristic‐systematic model and the value‐belief‐norm (VBN) theory, this study tests consumers’ systematic conjunction of sustainability values, beliefs and practices, and examines the heuristic influence of sustainability stewardship on the consumers’ VBN framework. In this study, sustainability stewardship within the textile and apparel industry refers to approaches that can facilitate the corporate social responsible (CSR) drive and eco‐labels/indices in corporate sustainability practices. Data from 239 US college students were analyzed using a structural equation modeling method. The findings confirmed that only the CSR drive is significant as heuristic sustainability stewardship in facilitating the consumer's systematic process in the VBN framework, while eco‐labels/indices do not moderate consumers’ sustainable practices. In particular, the current CSR drives in the textile and apparel industry strengthen consumers’ values in the altruistic, self‐enhancement and biospheric dimensions, and, further, lead to the sustainability practices of eco‐citizenship, green consumption and green product purchasing, through the mediation of proenvironmental belief. Comprehending these dynamics can empower marketers and researchers to devise pertinent ideas and practical applications of sustainability stewardship to academia and to the textiles and apparel industry.
Beliefs, perceptions, and treatment modalities of acne among schoolchildren in Lithuania: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Karciauskiene Jurgita , Valiukeviciene Skaidra , Stang Andreas , Gollnick Harald 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundAcne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the majority of adolescents.ObjectivesWe sought to evaluate children's and adolescents' beliefs, perceptions, sources of information, and modalities of treatment of acne.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted in 1277 pupils aged 7–19 years. Children and adolescents were surveyed using a self‐administered questionnaire and were subsequently examined by one specially trained dermatologist. Children and adolescents with specialist‐confirmed acne were additionally interviewed about their help‐seeking behavior and acne treatment.ResultsThe rate of response to the study was 51.4%. The overall prevalence of acne among responders was 82.9%. According to the Leeds Revised Acne Grading System, 44.6% of responders had no acne, 49.3% had mild acne, 5.9% had moderate acne, and 0.2% had severe acne. Responders with moderate or severe acne more often knew what acne was than responders with mild acne (odds ratio [OR] 5.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3–24.3; OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.3–2.8, respectively). The three main sources of information about acne were parents (76.3%), magazines (35.5%), and friends (29.3%). The three main causal or exacerbating factors of acne pointed out by responders were poor hygiene (69.0%), hormones (65.3%), and diet (64.5%). Only 7.2% of pupils had been provided with treatment for acne by a dermatologist. The majority of pupils (84.9%) with acne had been using cosmetic remedies to control it.ConclusionsMany children and adolescents consider acne to be a skin problem that is caused by lack of hygiene and misuse acne treatment modalities.
Recombinant adeno‐associated viral (rAAV) vectors mediate efficient gene transduction in cultured neonatal and adult microglia
Authors: Su Wei , Kang John , Sopher Bryce , Gillespie James , Aloi Macarena S. , Odom Guy L. , Hopkins Stephanie , Case Amanda , Wang David B. , Chamberlain Jeffrey S. , Garden Gwenn A. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractMicroglia are a specialized population of myeloid cells that mediate CNS innate immune responses. Efforts to identify the cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate microglia behaviors have been hampered by the lack of effective tools for manipulating gene expression. Cultured microglia are refractory to most chemical and electrical transfection methods, yielding little or no gene delivery and causing toxicity and/or inflammatory activation. Recombinant adeno‐associated viral (rAAVs) vectors are non‐enveloped, single‐stranded DNA vectors commonly used to transduce many primary cell types and tissues. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility and efficiency of utilizing rAAV serotype 2 (rAAV2) to modulate gene expression in cultured microglia. rAAV2 yields high transduction and causes minimal toxicity or inflammatory response in both neonatal and adult microglia. To demonstrate that rAAV transduction can induce functional protein expression, we used rAAV2 expressing Cre recombinase to successfully excise a LoxP‐flanked miR155 gene in cultured microglia. We further evaluated rAAV serotypes 5, 6, 8, and 9, and observed that all efficiently transduced cultured microglia to varying degrees of success and caused little or no alteration in inflammatory gene expression. These results provide strong encouragement for the application of rAAV‐mediated gene expression in microglia for mechanistic and therapeutic purposes.
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Neonatal microglia are functionally distinct from adult microglia, although the majority of in vitro studies utilize rodent neonatal microglia cultures because of difficulties of culturing adult cells. In addition, cultured microglia are refractory to most methods for modifying gene expression. Here, we developed a novel protocol for culturing adult microglia and evaluated the feasibility and efficiency of utilizing Recombinant Adeno‐Associated Virus (rAAV) to modulate gene expression in cultured microglia.
Pollen morphology of Androsace (Primulaceae) and its systematic implications
Authors: Xu Yuan , Hu Chi‐Ming , Hao Gang 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA close relationship between Androsace and related genera (Douglasia, Vitaliana, and Pomatosace) has long been recognized. Recent molecular studies have provided abundant evidence that Douglasia, Vitaliana, and Pomatosace are nested within Androsace and together constitute the monophyletic “Androsace group”. We investigated the pollen morphology of 80 taxa representing all sections of Androsace s.s. as traditionally construed, as well as Douglasia, Vitaliana, and Pomatosace, to see whether they are congruent with phylogenetic relationships. We uncovered subtle variation in pollen morphology within the group. The shape of pollen grains ranges from spheroidal to perprolate. Pollen size ranges from 9.37 µm in Androsace sect. Samuelia to 20.68 µm in Douglasia. Exine ornamentation includes microreticulate, microechinate, perforate, and rugulate types. The polar view varies from circular, triangular and planaperturate, to triangular and angulaperturate. Various pollen morphological characters support the monophyly of major clades, including /Septentrionalis, /Pomatosace, /Orthocaulon, and /Megista, which were recognized previously based on molecular evidence.
Pharmacokinetics of cefquinome in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) after a single intramuscular or intraperitoneal administration
Authors: Shan Q. , Zhu X. , Liu S. , Bai Y. , Ma L. , Yin Y. , Zheng G. 
Published: February 2015

The pharmacokinetics of cefquinome was studied in plasma after a single dose (10 mg/kg) of intramuscular (i.m.) or intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration to tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in freshwater at 30 °C. Ten fish per sampling point were examined after treatment. The data were fitted to two‐compartment open models following both routes of administration. The estimates of total body clearance (CL/F), volume of distribution (Vd/F), and absorption half‐life (T1/2ka) were 0.049 and 0.037 L/h/kg, 0.41 and 0.33 L/kg, and 0.028 and 0.035 h following i.m. and i.p. administration, respectively. After i.m. injection, the elimination half‐life (T1⁄2β) was calculated to be 5.81 h, the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) to be 49.40 μg/mL, the time to peak plasma cefquinome concentration (Tmax) to be 0.14 h, and the area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC) to be 204.6 μg h/mL. Following i.p. administration, the corresponding estimates were 6.05 h, 44.39 μg/mL, 0.17 h and 267.8 μg h/mL. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of cefquinome, determined for 30 strains of Streptococcus agalactiae isolated from diseased tilapia, ranged from 0.015 to 0.12 μg/mL. Results from these studies support that 10 mg cefquinome/kg body weight daily could be expected to control tilapia bacterial pathogens inhibited in vitro by a minimal inhibitory concentration value of ≤2 μg/mL.
Changing views on diverticular disease: impact of aging, obesity, diet, and microbiota
Authors: Spiller R. C. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe development of colonic diverticulosis is a common aging change in industrialized nations. While most patients have asymptomatic diverticulosis, around one in five develops symptomatic diverticular disease. This is characterized by recurrent abdominal pain and disturbed bowel habit. Some of the pain episodes are prolonged and are due to acute diverticulitis, which itself may be complicated by abscess, perforation, fistulation, or stricture formation. Risk factors favouring the development of symptomatic diverticular disease include obesity, smoking and diets low in fiber but high in red meat and animal fat. What determines the transition from asymptomatic diverticulosis to symptomatic diverticular disease is unclear but neuromuscular changes following acute diverticulitis may be responsible in some cases. The severity of symptoms generated depends on cerebral pain processing which is influenced by psychosocial factors. These are important considerations in deciding optimal patient management. Prior theories of the cause of diverticulosis suggested that constipation was an important cause, but new data challenge this and has provoked new ideas. Underlying mechanisms causing diverticulosis include weakening of the colonic wall and/or degenerative changes in the enteric nerves. Dietary induced changes in microbiota and the host inflammatory response may underlie the subsequent development of acute/chronic diverticulitis and its sequela.
Effect of experimental stress on the small bowel and colon in healthy humans
Authors: Pritchard S. E. , Garsed K. C. , Hoad C. L. , Lingaya M. , Banwait R. , Thongborisute W. , Roberts E. , Costigan C. , Marciani L. , Gowland P. A. , Spiller R. C. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundSymptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are frequently reported to be exacerbated by stress. Animal studies suggest that corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH) mediates the effect of stress on the bowel. We have shown that stressed IBS patients with diarrhea have constricted small bowels. We hypothesized that we could mimic this effect by applying experimental stress in the form of either hand immersion in ice water or CRH injection in healthy volunteers (HV).MethodsThe postprandial effect of the cold pressor test (repeated hand immersion in ice cold water) and injection of CRH, were assessed vs control in two groups of 18 HVs.Key ResultsCRH produced a significant rise from baseline salivary cortisol levels (p = 0.004) not seen with the cold pressor test. Small bowel water content (SBWC) fell postprandially on all four treatments. SBWC was significantly reduced by both stressors but CRH caused a greater effect (anova, p < 0.003 vs p = 0.02). Ascending colon (AC) volume was greater after CRH injection compared with saline (p = 0.002) but no differences were seen with the cold pressor test vs warm water. Postprandial increase in colon volume was also reduced by CRH which also increased the sensations of distension and bloating.Conclusions & InferencesTwo experimental stressors were shown to constrict the small bowel, mimicking the effect previously seen in IBS‐D patients. CRH increased the volume of the AC. We speculate that stress accelerates transfer of water from the small bowel to the AC.
Age‐related alteration of expression and function of TLRs and NK activity in oral candidiasis
Authors: Oouchi M , Hasebe A , Hata H , Segawa T , Yamazaki Y , Yoshida Y , Kitagawa Y , Shibata K‐I 
Published: February 2015

ObjectiveRoles of aging or immune responses mediated by Toll‐like receptors and natural killer cell in the onset or progression of human candidiasis remain unclear. This study was designed to elucidate the roles using peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy donors and patients with oral candidiasis.Subjects and methodsSubjects tested were healthy volunteers and patients who visited Dental Clinical Division of Hokkaido University Hospital. The patients with oral candidiasis included 39 individuals (25–89 years of age) with major complaints on pain in oral mucosa and/or dysgeusia. Healthy volunteers include students (25–35 years of age) and teaching staffs (50–65 years of age) of Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine.ResultsFunctions of Toll‐like receptors 2 and 4 were downregulated significantly and the natural killer activity was slightly, but not significantly downregulated in aged healthy volunteers compared with healthy young volunteers. Functions of Toll‐like receptors 2 and 4 and the natural killer activity were significantly downregulated in patients with oral candidiasis compared with healthy volunteers.ConclusionDownregulation of functions of Toll‐like receptors 2 and 4 as well as natural killer activity is suggested to be associated with the onset or progression of oral candidiasis in human.
Assessing the corneal power change after refractive surgery using Scheimpflug imaging
Authors: Gyldenkerne Anders , Ivarsen Anders , Hjortdal Jesper Ø. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractPurposeTo investigate whether the Pentacam HR could accurately predict the surgically induced refractive change in patients operated with small‐incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) for myopia or femto‐second laser in situ keratomileusis (FS‐LASIK) for myopia or hyperopic astigmatism.MethodsData from three groups consisting of (1) 410 myopic eyes of 410 patients operated with SMILE, (2) 111 myopic eyes of 111 patients operated with FS‐LASIK, and (3) 40 eyes of 40 patients with hyperopic astigmatism operated with FS‐LASIK were retrospectively analysed. The change in manifest refraction due to surgery was compared with the objectively measured change in corneal power by the Pentacam HR in three different ways: Sagittal Power (calculated as for placido topographers), True Net Power (calculated by a Gaussian optics formula), and Total Corneal Refractive Power (calculated by ray tracing). Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to investigate which parameters influenced the Pentacam HR's prediction of the change in subjective refraction due to surgery.ResultsThe Total Corneal Refractive Power Apex, Zone calculation in a diameter of 4.0 mm effectively predicted the surgically induced refractive change for all three patient groups. The spherical equivalent was predicted with an error of 0.08 ± 0.41 D for the SMILE eyes, 0.05 ± 0.61 D for the myopic eyes operated with FS‐LASIK, and −0.15 ± 0.49 D for the hyperopic astigmatic eyes treated with FS‐LASIK. Regression showed that preoperative refractive error had a significant impact on the prediction error of the Pentacam HR.ConclusionsRay tracing calculations based on Scheimpflug imaging accurately assessed the change in manifest refraction due to corneal laser surgery.
Note on “The Backroom Effect in Retail Operations”
Authors: Atan Zümbül , Erkip Nesim 
Published: February 2015

Eroglu et al. (2013) study a retailer with limited shelf capacity and a backroom. They study a continuous review ( r, q) ordering policy with a known order quantity, q. Assuming that backorders can be satisfied from the backroom inventory (if available), they find the expression for the optimal reorder level, r. Our work builds on Eroglu et al. (2013). We correct an erroneous derivation of the expected overflow term, as well as derive an exact expression for the expected cost function, and hence optimal reorder level, instead of the approximate one used by Eroglu et al. (2013).