bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biological reaction to polyethylene particles in a murine calvarial model is highly influenced by age
Authors: Langlois Jean , Zaoui Amine , Bichara David A. , Nich Christophe , Bensidhoum Morad , Petite Hervé , Muratoglu Orhun K. , Hamadouche Moussa 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTParticle‐induced osteolysis is driven by multiple factors including bone metabolism, inflammation, and age. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of age on polyethylene (PE) particle‐induced osteolysis in a murine calvarial model comparing 2‐month‐old (young) versus 24‐month‐old (old) mice. After PE particle implantation, calvaria were assessed at days (D) 3, D7, D14, and D21 via chemoluminescent imaging for inflammation (L‐012 probe). In addition micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT) and histomorphometry end points addressed the bone reaction. Inflammation peaked at D7 in young mice and D14 in old mice. Using micro‐CT, a nadir of mature bone was recorded at D7 for young mice, versus D21 for old mice. Besides, regenerating bone peaked at distinct timepoints: D7 for young mice versus D21 for old mice. In the young mice group, the histomorphometric findings correlated with micro‐CT regenerating bone findings at D7, associated with ample osteoïd deposition. No osteoïd could be histologically quantified in the old mice group at D7. This study demonstrated that the biological reaction to polyethylene particles is highly influenced by age. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:574–580, 2016.
Effect of calcium chloride treatments on calcium content, anthracnose severity and antioxidant activity in papaya fruit during ambient storage
Authors: Madani Babak , Mirshekari Amin , Yahia Elhadi 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDThere have been no reports on the effects of preharvest calcium application on anthracnose disease severity, antioxidant activity and cellular changes during ambient storage of papaya, and therefore the objective of this study was to investigate these effects.RESULTSHigher calcium concentrations (1.5 and 2% w/v) increased calcium concentration in the peel and pulp tissues, maintained firmness, and reduced anthracnose incidence and severity. While leakage of calcium‐treated fruit was lower for 1.5 and 2% calcium treatments compared to the control, microscopic results confirmed that pulp cell wall thickness was higher after 6 days in storage, for the 2% calcium treatment compared to the control. Calcium‐treated fruit also had higher total antioxidant activity and total phenolic compounds during storage.CONCLUSIONCalcium chloride, especially at higher concentrations, is effective in maintaining papaya fruit quality during ambient storage. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
The attenuation of current‐ and wave‐driven flow within submerged multispecific vegetative canopies
Authors: Weitzman Joel S. , Zeller Robert B. , Thomas Florence I. M. , Koseff Jeffrey R. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractHistorically, submerged vegetative canopies have either been reported as or modeled after unispecific examples—communities comprised of only a single vegetative species or element type. Field surveys of a shallow Florida Bay seagrass meadow highlighted a more diverse benthic landscape. Although dominated by Thalassia testudinum, the communities were distinctly multispecific, composed of a mixture of both plant and algal species. Strap‐like seagrass elements defined the upper portion of these canopies (the upperstory) while broad‐bodied algal species were found concentrated close to the bed (the understory). To predict the hydrodynamic implications of this dual‐story canopy structure, we derived a new canopy flow attenuation model, formulated to account for vertical canopy heterogeneities like those seen at our field site. The model was validated through a series of laboratory experiments: multispecific canopy mimics were installed in a current‐wave flume and exposed to a range of unidirectional and oscillatory flows. Mean and fluctuating velocity was measured above and within each canopy to determine vegetation‐induced flow attenuation. Velocities near the bed were markedly reduced through the addition of understory elements, results that were consistent with model predictions. These findings suggest that accurate prediction of flow‐regulated processes like sediment transport and propagule dissemination depends on a thorough accounting of community composition. These properties are also expected to change in response to seasonal variability and episodic environmental stresses.
The Neuropsychiatric and Motor Profile of GBA‐Associated Parkinson's Disease: A Review
Authors: Pal Gian , Robertson Erin , O'Keefe Joan , Hall Deborah 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackgroundCognitive and motor decline, along with psychiatric symptoms, have a major impact on independence, nursing home admission, caregiver burden, and mortality in Parkinson's disease (PD). The single most common genetic risk factor for developing PD is a mutation in the glucocerebrosidase (GBA) gene.MethodsThis work is a literature review regarding “GBA” and “Parkinson's disease” as conducted by PubMed search.ResultsThere is a higher prevalence of cognitive decline and more rapid trajectory of disease progression in PD‐GBA carriers, compared to noncarriers. PD‐GBA carriers also have domain‐specific cognitive impairment, particularly in visual memory tasks. PD‐GBA carriers may also have a more aggressive motor phenotype than noncarriers.ConclusionsEarly identification of PD‐GBA carriers may lead to targeted therapies and development of new treatments.
Predictable Risk Factors for the Feeling of Presence in Patients with Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Kataoka Hiroshi , Ueno Satoshi 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe detailed relations between feeling of presence (FOP) and hallucinations remain uncertain in Parkinson's disease (PD). The prospective studies of risk factors predicting the onset of FOP have yet to be reported on. We prospectively investigated risk factors for FOP to identify factors related to the development of first‐onset hallucinations from FOP in patients with PD who were followed up for 2 years.MethodsFrom among the 100 consecutive patients, we registered 78 patients with PD. Once every 1 to 3 months, the same sole interviewer personally asked these patients during 2 years of follow‐up. Seventeen independent variables were evaluated using multivariate logistic regression analysis using forced entry.ResultsSeventeen patients newly presented with FOP. In 7 patients, hallucinations developed after the onset of FOP. Twenty‐six patients newly presented with visual hallucinations. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, the score for UPDRS part 4 (odds ratio [OR] = 1.413; P = 0.049; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.002–1.991) and an increase in dose of antiparkinsonian medications (OR = 0.132; P = 0.033; 95% CI = 0.021–0.846) were related to onset of FOP. Zung depression score (P = 0.017) differed significantly between patients who had FOP without hallucinations and those who had FOP with hallucinations (39.2 ± 5.21 and 46.25 ± 2.86, respectively).ConclusionMotor complications and increasing doses of antiparkinsonian medications may predict onset of FOP, and depression might be helpful for predicting the future development of hallucinations from FOP.
Hepatitis B Virus Seroprevalence Among Children With Cancer in Sudan
Authors: Abdalla Mohammed , Hamad Tarig 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundThe seroprevalence of hepatitis B among children with cancer in Sudan is unknown. The aim of this study was to detect the seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in children with malignancy and its correlation with different risk factors.ProcedureThis study included 178 children with malignancy presenting to the Radioisotope Center in Khartoum during the period of May–July 2011. Sixty‐four healthy children served as controls. Sera from patients and controls were investigated for HBV total anti‐core antibody, HBV surface antigen (HBsAg), and HBV e antigen (HBeAg).ResultsHBV total anti‐core antibody was positive in 71/178 (39.9%), HBsAg was positive in 38 (21.3%), and HBeAg was positive in 19 (10.7%). Blood product transfusion, surgical exposure, chemotherapy, malignancy type, and sex did not affect the seroprevalence of HBV in this study. Vaccinated children had reduced rates of exposure compared to non‐vaccinated patients.ConclusionThere is a high seroprevalence of HBV in children with malignancies in Sudan. Vaccination appears to play a major protective role. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015; 9999:1–3 © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Does Routine Imaging of Patients for Progression or Relapse Improve Survival in Rhabdomyosarcoma?
Authors: Lin Jody L. , Guillerman R. Paul , Russell Heidi V. , Lupo Philip J. , Nicholls Lauren , Okcu M. Fatih 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundPatients with rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) who complete therapy typically undergo 4 years of surveillance imaging despite lack of evidence that this improves outcomes. We compared overall survival (OS) between patients in whom progression or relapse was detected by routine clinical evaluation or by imaging.ProcedureChildren with progressive or relapsed RMS treated at Texas Children's Hospital between 1992 and 2012 were identified and their records were reviewed. Survival time after progression or relapse was compared between two groups: (1) patients in whom progression or relapse was suspected on the basis of clinical history, symptoms, laboratory evaluation, or physical exam; and (2) patients whose progression or relapse was initially detected by imaging.ResultsOf the 43 children with progressive or relapsed RMS, 26 (60%) had metastatic disease at diagnosis and 19 (44%) had alveolar histology. With a median follow up time of 5 years in six survivors, there was no difference in OS between patients in whom progression or relapse was diagnosed based on imaging (n = 15) or by clinical evaluation (n = 28) (3‐year OS 20% vs. 11%, respectively, P = 0.38). Disease extent, primary site, and risk group at diagnosis were associated with survival after progression or relapse.ConclusionsRoutine surveillance imaging practice should be critically reviewed for children with RMS. Although our findings must be validated by larger studies, they do have substantive implications. Reduced imaging tailored to the risk and pattern of recurrence, associated risks and cost could improve patient quality of life and decrease health‐care expenditure without compromising outcome. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Preclinical Evidence for the Use of Sunitinib Malate in the Treatment of Plexiform Neurofibromas
Authors: Ferguson Michael J. , Rhodes Steven D. , Jiang Li , Li Xiaohong , Yuan Jin , Yang Xianlin , Zhang Shaobo , Vakili Saeed T. , Territo Paul , Hutchins Gary , Yang Feng‐Chun , Ingram David A. , Clapp D. Wade , Chen Shi 
Published: September 2015

PurposePlexiform neurofibromas (pNF) are pathognomonic nerve and soft tissue tumors of neurofibromatosis type I (NF1), which are highly resistant to conventional chemotherapy and associated with significant morbidity/mortality. Disruption of aberrant SCF/c‐Kit signaling emanating from the pNF microenvironment induced the first ever objective therapeutic responses in a recent phase 2 trial. Sunitinib malate is a potent, highly selective RTK inhibitor with activity against c‐Kit, PDGFR, and VEGFR, which have also been implicated in the pathogenesis of these lesions. Here, we evaluate the efficacy of sunitinib malate in a preclinical Krox20;Nf1flox/− pNF murine model.Experimental DesignProliferation, β‐hexosaminidase release (degranulation), and Erk1/2 phosphorylation were assessed in sunitinib treated Nf1+/− mast cells and fibroblasts, respectively. Krox20;Nf1flox/‐ mice with established pNF were treated sunitinib or PBS‐vehicle control for a duration of 12 weeks. pNF metabolic activity was monitored by serial [18F]DG‐PET/CT imaging.ResultsSunitinib suppressed multiple in vitro gain‐in‐functions of Nf1+/− mast cells and fibroblasts and attenuated Erk1/2 phosphorylation. Sunitinib treated Krox20;Nf1flox/− mice exhibited significant reductions in pNF size, tumor number, and FDG uptake compared to control mice. Histopathology revealed reduced tumor cellularity and infiltrating mast cells, markedly diminished collagen deposition, and increased cellular apoptosis in sunitinib treated pNF.ConclusionsCollectively, these results demonstrate the efficacy of sunitinib in reducing tumor burden in Krox20;Nf1flox/− mice. These preclinical findings demonstrate the utility of inhibiting multiple RTKs in pNF and provide insights into the design of future clinical trials. Pediatr Blood Cancer © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Antibacterial poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels from combined epoxy‐amine and thiol‐ene click reaction
Authors: Zhou Chao , Truong Vinh X. , Qu Yue , Lithgow Trevor , Fu Guodong , Forsythe John S. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTAntibacterial hydrogels containing quaternary ammonium (QA) groups were prepared via a facile thiol‐ene “click” reaction using multifunctional poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). The multifunctional PEG polymers were prepared by an epoxy‐amine ring opening reaction. The chemical and physical properties of the hydrogels could be tuned with different crosslinking structures and crosslinking densities. The antibacterial hydrogel structures prepared from PEG Pendant QA were less well‐defined than those from PEG Chain‐End QA. Furthermore, functionalization of the PEG‐type hydrogels with QA groups produced strong antibacterial abilities against Staphylococcus aureus, and therefore has the potential to be used as an anti‐infective material for biomedical devices. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 656–667
Synthesis and photovoltaic properties of two‐dimensional copolymers based on novel benzothiadiazole and quinoxaline acceptors with conjugated dithienylbenzothiadiazole pendants
Authors: Huang Yuanshuai , Ye Linglong , Wu Fen , Mei Suli , Chen Huajie , Tan Songting 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTTwo novel acceptors of benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole and quinoxaline with conjugated dithienylbenzothiadiazole pendants were first designed and synthesized for building efficient photovoltaic copolymers. Based on benzo[1,2‐b;3,4‐b′]dithiophene donors and the two acceptors, two new copolymers have been prepared by Stille coupling polymerization. The resulting copolymers were characterized by 1H NMR, gel permeation chromatography, and thermogravimetric analysis. UV–Visible absorption and cyclic voltammetry measurements indicated that the two copolymers possessed strong and broad absorption in the range of 300–700 nm, and deep‐lying energy levels of highest occupied molecular orbitals. The polymer photovoltaic devices based on benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole‐based copolymer/phenyl‐C71‐butyric acid methyl ester exhibited a power conversion efficiency of 2.42%, attributed to its relatively better light‐harvesting ability and active film morphology. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 668–677
Fully transparent nonvolatile resistive polymer memory
Authors: Yu Hwan‐Chul , Kim Moon Young , Lee Jeong‐Sup , Lee Kwang‐Hun , Baeck Kyoung Koo , Kim Kyoung‐Kook , Cho Soohaeng , Chung Chan‐Moon 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTWe present a fully transparent nonvolatile resistive polymer memory device based on an anthracene‐containing partially aliphatic polyimide along with indium tin oxide (ITO) top and bottom electrodes. High transmittance of over 90% in the wavelength range of 400 to 800 nm is accomplished with an ITO/polyimide/ITO/glass device. The device shows unipolar write‐once‐read‐many times (WORM) memory behavior with an ON/OFF current ratio of ∼2 × 103, and the ratio remained without any significant degradation for over 104 s. The memory behavior of the device is considered to be governed by trap‐controlled space‐charge limited conduction (SCLC) and local filament formation. Based on molecular simulation of the polyimide, the location of energy states is different from that in the conventional charge transfer (CT) mechanism. Despite the relatively low ON/OFF current ratio, our results can give insight into the development of fully transparent memory device. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 918–925
Flexible transparent fluorinated nanohybrid with innovative heat‐resistance property—new technology proposal for fabrication of transparent materials using “crystalline” polymer
Authors: Mamun Muhammad Abdullah Al , Soutome Youichi , Meng Qi , Fujimori Atsuhiro 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTA new technology for the production of transparent material, using a “crystalline” polymer, is proposed in this study. In addition, a heat‐resistant transparent flexible plastic film with a high hydrophobic surface and a thermal decomposition temperature near 400 °C was created. Partially fluorinated crystalline polymer with switchboard‐type lamellae results high transparency as a consequence of the formation of a high‐density amorphous structure based on high‐temperature drawing just below the melting point at 250 °C. Melt‐compounding with montmorillonite modified by the long‐chain quaternary phosphonium with high coverage induces formation of a nanohybrid that retains transparency and also results in an increase in the thermal degradation temperature by over 50 °C. Through this technology, which results in heat‐resistance, transparency, and flexibility, the nano‐micro‐millimeter structures of solid‐state polymers are hierarchically controlled, which enables the creation of new materials. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2015, 53, 1674–1690
Engineering superior toughness in commercially viable block copolymer modified epoxy resin
Authors: Li Tuoqi , Heinzer Michael J. , Francis Lorraine F. , Bates Frank S. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTThe microstructure and mechanical properties of a block copolymer modified commercial thermoset plastic formed from a bisphenol‐A based epoxy and a bio‐derived amine hardener (Cardolite® NC‐541LV) were investigated. A series of poly(ethylene oxide)‐b‐poly(butylene oxide) (PEO‐PBO) diblock copolymers was synthesized at fixed composition (31 ± 1% by volume PEO) and varying molecular weight expanding on a commercially available PEO‐PBO compound marketed by the Dow Chemical Company under the trade name FORTEGRA™ 100; direct application of any of these block copolymers resulted in little improvement of the poor fracture toughness of the cured material. Modification of the resin formulation and curing protocol led to the development of well‐defined spherical and branched worm‐like micelles containing a PBO core and PEO corona in the cross‐linked products as evidenced by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and small angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) measurements. Maximum fracture toughness (K1c) and a ninefold increase in the critical strain energy release rate (G1c) over the unmodified neat epoxy was achieved at 5 wt % loading of intermediate molecular weight PEO‐PBO, without measureable reductions in modulus, glass transition temperature or transparency. This study provides new strategies for engineering improved performance in thermoset materials using block copolymer additives that exhibit challenging mixing thermodynamic characteristics with the component monomers. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016, 54, 189–204
Confined crystallization in lamellae forming poly(3‐(2′‐ethyl)hexylthiophene) (P3EHT) block copolymers
Authors: Davidson Emily C. , Beckingham Bryan S. , Ho Victor , Segalman Rachel A. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTCharge transport in poly(3‐alkylthiophene)s (P3AT)s is closely linked to the nanoscale organization of crystallites. Block copolymer morphologies provide an ideal platform to study crystallization as the chain ends are tethered at a known interface in a well‐defined geometry. The impact of soft versus hard confinement on P3EHT crystallization was studied using poly(3‐(2′‐ethyl)hexylthiophene) (P3EHT) containing diblocks with both rubbery poly(methyl acrylate) (PMA) and glassy polystyrene (PS) blocks. Here, P3EHT's lower melting point relative to the commonly studied poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) facilitated its confined crystallization and makes it an ideal model system. While transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and small angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) revealed well‐ordered lamellar morphologies both in the melt and post‐crystallization for both sets of diblocks, the glassy blocks inhibit confined crystallization of P3EHT relative to rubbery matrix blocks. Analysis of aligned diblocks by both SAXS and wide angle X‐ray scattering (WAXS) revealed that the P3EHT chain axis aligns perpendicular to domain interfaces, allowing preferential growth of the alkyl‐chain and π–π stacking directions parallel to lamellae. Finally, it was shown that following diblock self‐assembly in the melt, crystallite growth drives expansion of microdomains to match the P3EHT contour length. It was concluded that P3EHT chains adopted an extended conformation within confined crystallites due to the rigid nature of polythiophenes relative to flexible chain crystalline polymers. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016, 54, 205–215
Uptake and translocation of imidacloprid, clothianidin and flupyradifurone in seed‐treated soybeans
Authors: Stamm Mitchell D , Heng‐Moss Tiffany M , Baxendale Frederick P , Siegfried Blair D , Blankenship Erin E , Nauen Ralf 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDSeed treatment insecticides have become a popular management option for early‐season insect control. This study investigated the total uptake and translocation of seed‐applied [14C]imidacloprid, [14C]clothianidin and [14C]flupyradifurone into different plant parts in three soybean vegetative stages (VC, V1 and V2). The effects of soil moisture stress on insecticide uptake and translocation were also assessed among treatments. We hypothesized that (1) uptake and translocation would be different among the insecticides owing to differences in water solubility, and (2) moisture stress would increase insecticide uptake and translocation.RESULTSUptake and translocation did not follow a clear trend in the three vegetative stages. Initially, flupyradifurone uptake was greater than clothianidin uptake in VC soybeans. In V1 soybeans, differences in uptake among the three insecticides were not apparent and unaffected by soil moisture stress. Clothianidin was negatively affected by soil moisture stress in V2 soybeans, while imidacloprid and flupyradifurone were unaffected. Specifically, soil moisture stress had a positive effect on the distribution of flupyradifurone in leaves. This was not observed with the neonicotinoids.CONCLUSIONSThis study enhances our understanding of the uptake and distribution of insecticides used as seed treatments in soybean. The uptake and translocation of these insecticides differed in response to soil moisture stress. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry