bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Long-Term Land Surface Hydrologic Fluxes and States Dataset for China
Authors: Zhang Xue-Jun , Tang Qiuhong , Pan Ming , Tang Yin 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA long-term consistent and comprehensive dataset of land surface hydrologic fluxes and states will greatly benefit the analysis of land surface variables, their changes and interactions, and the assessment of land–atmosphere parameterizations for climate models. While some offline model studies can provide balanced water and energy budgets at land surface, few of them have presented an evaluation of the long-term interaction of water balance components over China. Here, a consistent and comprehensive land surface hydrologic fluxes and states dataset for China using the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) hydrologic model driven by long-term gridded observation-based meteorological forcings is developed. The hydrologic dataset covers China with a 0.25° spatial resolution and a 3-hourly time step for 1952–2012. In the dataset, the simulated streamflow matches well with the observed monthly streamflow at the large river basins in China. Given the water balance scheme in the VIC model, the overall success at runoff simulations suggests that the long-term mean evapotranspiration is also realistically estimated. The simulated soil moisture generally reproduces the seasonal variation of the observed soil moisture at the ground stations where long-term observations are available. The modeled snow cover patterns and monthly dynamics bear an overall resemblance to the Northern Hemisphere snow cover extent data from the National Snow and Ice Data Center. Compared with global product of a similar nature, the dataset can provide a more reliable estimate of land surface variables over China. The dataset, which will be publicly available via the Internet, may be useful for hydroclimatological studies in China.
Improving the Model Convective Storm Quantitative Precipitation Nowcasting by Assimilating State Variables Retrieved from Multiple-Doppler Radar Observations
Authors: Liou Yu-Chieng , Chiou Jian-Luen , Chen Wei-Hao , Yu Hsin-Yu 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
This research combines an advanced multiple-Doppler radar synthesis technique with the thermodynamic retrieval method, originally proposed by Gal-Chen, and a moisture/temperature adjustment scheme, and formulates a sequential procedure. The focus is on applying this procedure to improve the model quantitative precipitation nowcasting (QPN) skill in the convective scale up to 3 hours. A series of (observing system simulation experiment) OSSE-type tests and a real case study are conducted to investigate the performance of this algorithm under different conditions.
It is shown that by using the retrieved three-dimensional wind, thermodynamic, and microphysical parameters to reinitialize a fine-resolution numerical model, its QPN skill can be significantly improved. Since the Gal-Chen method requires the horizontal average properties of the weather system at each altitude, utilization of in situ radiosonde(s) to obtain this additional information for the retrieval is tested. When sounding data are not available, it is demonstrated that using the model results to replace the role played by observing devices is also a feasible choice. The moisture field is obtained through a simple, but effective, adjusting scheme and is found to be beneficial to the rainfall forecast within the first hour after the reinitialization of the model.
Since this algorithm retrieves the unobserved state variables instantaneously from the wind measurements and directly uses them to reinitialize the model, fewer radar data and a shorter model spinup time are needed to correct the rainfall forecasts, in comparison with other data assimilation techniques such as four-dimensional variational data assimilation (4DVAR) or ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) methods.
A comparison of the discursive practices of perception of patient participation in haemodialysis units
Authors: Aasen Elin Margrethe 
Published: June 2014

Background: According to Norwegian law, nurses are obligated to provide an acceptable level of health assistance to patients and their family members and to allow patients and their family members to participate in the planning of patient care and treatment. Aim: The aim of this study is to compare the perceptions of older patients undergoing haemodialysis treatment and of their next of kin and of nurses regarding patient participation in the context of haemodialysis treatment. Research design: The study adopts an approach that is both comparative and explorative in nature by examining the narratives of patients, nurses and next of kin and by performing critical discourse analysis as outlined by Fairclough. Ethical considerations: Permission to carry out the research was granted by the Regional Committee for Medical and Health Research Ethics of Mid-Norway and by the participating hospitals. Informed consent and confidentiality were ensured. Findings: Two discourses were found: (a) the discourse of paternalism with the discursive practices of achieving physiological balance in patients, trusting the healthcare team and being excluded or included in the difficult end-of-life decision-making process, and (b) the discourse of patient participation, with the themes of maintaining patients’ quality of life and trusting patients. Conclusion: The participation of older patients and their next of kin was not as well integrated as social practice in dialysis units. The dominant discourse seemed to have an ideology and social practice of paternalism. However, there existed hegemonic struggles for an ideology of patient participation that involved (a) achieving physiological balance in patients versus maintaining patients’ quality of life, (b) trusting the healthcare team versus trusting the patient, and (c) being excluded versus included in the difficult end-of-life decision-making process.
The personal social networks of personality disordered forensic psychiatric patients
Authors: Ter Haar-Pomp Lydia , Spreen Marinus , Bogaerts Stefan , Volker Beate 
Published: June 2014

Summary There has hardly been any examination of the personal social networks of personality disordered forensic psychiatric patients leading up to, and at the time of their offence. To shed light on this question, 36 male inpatients were interviewed by forensic social workers about their social contacts in the period in which they committed their crime. Network size, roles, social support, investment, structure and potential risks were investigated. Findings At the time of their offence, patients were in contact with a variety of social network members, especially family members, who also happened to be the most likely victims of the patients’ offences. Patients received social support; almost half of the social supporters had potential risk factors (criminal record, psychiatric problems, drug use, etc.). Applications This study shows the complexity of the social factors involved with criminal behavior. Theoretically, good network conditions do not necessarily imply a low risk for each individual case. Forensic social workers should frequently check if there are significant changes in the patient's network, such as access to victims, instability of relationships, a lack of personal support and the influence of high-risk network members.
Influence of glenosphere design and material on clinical outcomes of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty
Authors: Bloch Hans R , Budassi Piero , Bischof Andreas , Agneskirchner Jens , Domenghini Christian , Frattini Marco , Borroni Mario , Zoni Sabine , Castagna Alessandro 
Published: June 2014

Background The aim of this multicentre retrospective study was to compare reverse total shoulder arthroplasty clinical outcomes with glenospheres of different diameters, designs and materials. Methods Between 2003 and 2008, 133 patients were divided into three groups: 60 (45%) with 36-mm standard CoCrMo (group A), 21 (16%) with 36-mm eccentric cobalt-chromium-molybdenum (CoCrMo) (group B) and 52 (39%) with 44-mm cross-linked ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (X-UHMWPE) (group C) glenospheres. Mean (SD) follow-up was 38.7 (17.4) months. Clinical evaluation included Constant score and range of motion. Radiographic analysis included radiolucent lines, instability, loosening and assessment of scapular notching. Results Mean Constant score significantly increased for all groups (Wilcoxon test, p < 0.001). Group C allowed a higher and stable increase in range of motion. After 12 months and 24 months, groups C and B showed less pain than group A (Mann–Whitney U-test, p < 0.05). Group C had significantly lower scapular notching than group B (Mann–Whitney U-test, p = 0.001) and A (Mann–Whitney U-test, p = 0.009) at 12 months, 24 months and 36 months. Groups A and C presented 5 (8.3%) and 4 (7.6%) early complications, respectively. Conclusions The present study reported good results for all groups, although groups C and A presented better clinical outcomes, significantly lower notching and instability. A 44-mm X-UHMWPE glenosphere allowed a faster and more stable functional recovery, despite poorest pre-operative conditions. Additional long-term studies are needed to evaluate survivorship.
Adverse Drug Reactions to Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV-Infected Patients at the Largest Public Hospital in Nicaragua
Authors: Lorío Marco , Colasanti Jonathan , Moreira Sumaya , Gutierrez Gamaliel , Quant Carlos 
Published: June 2014

Objective: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) to antiretroviral therapy (ART) are an important cause of hospitalization, treatment discontinuation, and regimen changes in both developed and developing countries. This study is the first to examine and understand ADRs in HIV-infected patients in Nicaragua. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted from May 2010 to March 2011, in a cohort of HIV-infected patients receiving ART at the largest public hospital in Managua, Nicaragua. Patients were identified based on ADRs reporting on a standardized antiretroviral pharmacotherapy form. Subsequently, chart reviews of these patients were performed in order to document the specific ADRs. Results: Six hundred ninety-two patients on ART were included. The incidence of ADRs was 6.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] 4.5-8.2). Females demonstrated a higher incidence, that is, 10.2% (95% CI 5.3-15.1, P = .020). Patients treated with combinations of zidovudine (ZDV)/lamivudine (3TC) and emtricitabine (FTC)/tenofovir (TDF) had fewer ADRs ( P < .01) than those using other combinations. Five patients were hospitalized or had a prolonged hospitalization secondary to ADRs, with no mortality attributed to ADR. The most common manifestations of ADRs were central nervous system (20 of 44), gastrointestinal (12 of 44), and dermatologic (8 of 44) reactions. Adverse drug reactions were classified as “likely ADRs” (25 of 44) and “possible ADRs” (19 of 44). No ADRs were preventable. Conclusion: Adverse drug reactions most frequently affected the central nervous system. No ADR was life threatening. The frequency of ADRs in this Nicaraguan patient population was less than that reported from other studies in resource-limited settings.
Small Multifidus Muscle Size Predicts Football Injuries
Authors: Hides Julie A. , Stanton Warren R. , Mendis M. Dilani , Franettovich Smith Melinda M. , Sexton Margot J. 
Published: June 2014

Background: In Australian football, lower limb injuries have had the highest incidence and prevalence rates. Previous studies have shown that football players with relatively more severe preseason and playing season hip, groin, and thigh injuries had a significantly smaller multifidus muscle compared with players with no lower limb injuries. Rehabilitation of the multifidus muscle, with restoration of its size and function, has been associated with decreased recurrence rates of episodic low back pain and decreased numbers of lower limb injuries in football players. Assessment of multifidus muscle size and function could potentially be incorporated into a model that could be used to predict injuries in football players. Purpose: To examine the robustness of multifidus muscle measurements as a predictor of lower limb injuries incurred by professional football players. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Ultrasound examinations were carried out on 259 male elite football players at the start of the preseason and 261 players at the start of the playing season. Injury data were obtained from records collected by the Australian Football League (AFL) club staff during the preseason and the playing season. Results: Decreased size of the multifidus muscle at L5 consistently predicted injury in the preseason and playing season. Asymmetry of the multifidus muscle and low back pain were significantly related to lower limb injuries in the preseason, and having no preferred kicking leg was related to season injuries. Seasonal change in the size of the multifidus muscle indicating a decrease in muscle mass was linked to injury. Sensitivity and specificity of the model were 60.6% and 84.9% for the preseason and 91.8% and 45.8% for the playing season, respectively. Conclusion: A model was developed for prediction of lower limb injuries in football players with potential utility for club medical staff. Of particular note is the finding that changes in muscle size from the preseason to the playing season predicted injury. Clinical Relevance: As size of the multifidus muscle has been shown to be modifiable with training and has been associated with reduced pain and occurrence of injuries, this information could be incorporated in current programs of injury prevention.
Influence of carbon chain length on the synthesis and yield of fatty amine-coated iron-platinum nanoparticles
Authors: Taylor Robert M , Monson Todd C , Gullapalli Rama R 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticles are among the most widely used and characterized magnetic nanoparticles. However, metal alloys such as superparamagnetic iron-platinum particles (SIPPs), which have better magnetic properties, are receiving increased attention. Scalable techniques to routinely synthesize SIPPs in bulk need further study. Here, we focus on the role played by the fatty amine ligand in the formation of the bimetallic FePt nanocrystal. More specifically, we compare the effect of varying lengths of fatty amine ligands on the shape, structure, uniformity, composition, and magnetic properties of the SIPPs. We synthesized SIPPs by employing a ‘green’ thermal decomposition reaction using fatty amine ligands containing 12 to 18 carbons in length. Greater fatty amine chain length increased the polydispersity, particle concentration, iron concentration, and the stability of the SIPPs. Additionally, longer reflux times increased the diameter of the particles, but decreased the iron concentration, suggesting that shorter reaction times are preferable. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of the SIPPs indicates that the ligands are successfully bound to the FePt cores through the amine group. Superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry measurements suggest that all of the SIPPs were superparamagnetic at room temperature and that SIPPs synthesized using tetradecylamine had the highest saturation magnetization. Our findings indicate that the octadecylamine ligand, which is currently used for the routine synthesis of SIPPs, may not be optimal. Overall, we found that using tetradecylamine and a 30-min reflux reaction resulted in optimal particles with the highest degree of monodispersity, iron content, stability, and saturation magnetization.

PACS

81.07.-b; 75.75.Fk; 61.46.Df
Clinical potentials of human pluripotent stem cells in lung diseases
Authors: Quan Yuan , Wang Dachun 
Published: June 2014

AbstractLung possesses very limited regenerative capacity. Failure to maintain homeostasis of lung epithelial cell populations has been implicated in the development of many life‐threatening pulmonary diseases leading to substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide, and currently there is no known cure for these end‐stage pulmonary diseases. Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and somatic cell‐derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) possess unlimited self‐renewal capacity and great potential to differentiate to various cell types of three embryonic germ layers (ectodermal, mesodermal, and endodermal). Therapeutic use of human ESC/iPSC‐derived lung progenitor cells for regeneration of injured or diseased lungs will have an enormous clinical impact. This article provides an overview of recent advances in research on pluripotent stem cells in lung tissue regeneration and discusses technical challenges that must be overcome for their clinical applications in the future.
Towards a new method for coating heritage lead
Authors: Grayburn Rosie A , Dowsett Mark , De Keersmaecker Michel , Banerjee Dipanjan , Brown Simon , Adriaens Annemie 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

Background
Ethanolic solutions of long-chain carboxylic acids can be applied to lead metal substrates to form a coating of lead carboxylate which provides protection against atmospheric pollutants.

Results and conclusions
In this paper we describe the optimal inhibitor concentration for the coating on lead. Electrochemical impedance data taken before and after immersion in media modelling oak emitted volatile organic compounds (VOCs) polluted atmospheres show that coating effectiveness decreases after exposure, but the effect is lessened if longer chain carboxylates are used.
Neurological adverse events in patients receiving anti-TNF therapy: a prospective imaging and electrophysiological study
Authors: Kaltsonoudis Evripidis , Zikou Anastasia K , Voulgari Paraskevi V , Konitsiotis Spyridon , Argyropoulou Maria I , Drosos Alexandros A 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Introduction
The aim was to investigate the frequency of neurological adverse events in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and spondylarthropathies (SpA) treated with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α antagonists.

Methods
Seventy-seven patients eligible for anti-TNFα therapy were evaluated. There were 36 patients with RA, 41 with SpA [24 psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and 17 with ankylosing spondylitis (AS)]. All patients had a complete physical and neurological examination. Brain and cervical spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and neurophysiological tests were performed in all patients before the initiation of anti-TNFα therapy and after a mean of 18 months or when clinical symptoms and signs indicated a neurological disease. Exclusion criteria included hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, heart arrhythmias, atherothrombotic events, vitamin B12 and iron deficiency, head and neck trauma and neurological surgeries.

Results
Two patients did not receive anti-TNFα therapy because brain MRIs at baseline revealed lesions compatible with demyelinating diseases. Thus, 75 patients received anti-TNFα (38 infliximab, 19 adalimumab and 18 etanercept). Three patients developed neurological adverse events. A 35-year-old man with PsA after 8 months of infliximab therapy presented with paresis of the left facial nerve and brain MRI showed demyelinating lesions. Infliximab was discontinued and he was treated with pulses of corticosteroids recovering completely after two months. The second patient was a 45-year-old woman with RA who after 6 months of adalimumab therapy presented with optic neuritis. The third patient was a 50-year-old woman with AS, whom after 25 months of infliximab therapy, presented with tingling and numbness of the lower extremities and neurophysiological tests revealed peripheral neuropathy. In both patients anti-TNF were discontinued and they improved without treatment after 2 months. The rest of our patients showed no symptoms and MRIs showed no abnormalities. The estimated rate of neurological adverse events in patients treated with anti-TNF therapy is 4% (3/75).

Conclusions
Neurological adverse events after anti-TNFα therapy were observed in our patient. Brain MRI and neurophysiological tests are essential tools to discriminate neurological diseases.
An Isolable Diborane(4) Compound with Terminal B–H Bonds: Structural Characteristics and Electronic Properties
Authors: Shoji Yoshiaki , Kaneda Shohei , Fueno Hiroyuki , Tanaka Kazuyoshi , Tamao Kohei , Hashizume Daisuke , Matsuo Tsukasa 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The first isolable diborane(4) containing terminal B–H bonds, protected by the bulky 1,1,7,7-tetramethyl-3,3,5,5-tetrapropyl-s-hydrindacen-4-yl (MPind) groups, was synthesized as air- and moisture-sensitive colorless crystals. The structure and bonding nature of this H-terminal diborane(4), characterized by X-ray crystallography, NMR studies, and DFT calculations, were compared to those of the previously reported isomer, a doubly H-bridged butterfly-shaped diborane(4) bearing the less bulky 1,1,3,3,5,5,7,7-octaethyl-s-hydrindacen-4-yl (Eind) groups. The two distinct structures of these dihydro-diborane(4) compounds may be primarily attributed to the intramolecular steric effects of the bulky protecting groups.
Error evaluation of ventricular mechanics measurement in patients with discoordinate ventricular contraction
Authors: Kirn Borut 
Published: June 2014

In patients with discoordinate ventricular contraction, accurate identification of local mechanics from all heart regions is essential. Current measurement techniques are imperfect because a large part of the ventricular wall may be excluded, resulting in non-physiological average strain. In order to evaluate this error, we propose to compare the measured average strain to a reference strain obtained by averaging through a series of measurements.We assessed magnetic resonance (MR)-tagged images and determined circumferential strain in 160 regions of the ventricular wall in 10 patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy and left bundle branch block and 9 healthy volunteers. For each subject a global strain was calculated as the average of all measured strains. Then a reference strain was determined as the average of global strains for both experimental groups.The reference strains of a patient group and healthy controls both had a physiological pattern, with a peak shortening of -0.034 and -0.15, respectively.A large difference between the measured global strain and the reference strain indicates measurements which have large regions of ventricular wall which are excluded in the measurements.