bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Innovation and practice of operation, profit, and management of enterprises from the perspective of economic goals of carbon peak and neutralization
Authors: Fan Yaochong 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This paper takes the ant colony optimization (ACO) clustering algorithm as the starting point, explores the innovative ways of enterprise strategic management based on the background of economic goals of carbon peak and neutralization, and dynamically adjusts the transition probability according to the average number of node branches to make it ‘explore’ and ‘utilize’. A balance can always be maintained between the two so that the algorithm can provide more technical support in realizing the innovation and practice of operation, profit, and management of enterprises while retaining a high searchability, avoiding stagnation, and ultimately promoting the sustainable development of the enterprise. The experimental results show that compared with the three conventional methods, the proposed algorithm has a robust global analysis ability, so it has a better application effect in operation, profit, and management of enterprise innovation and efficiency improvement. The application of ACO clustering can be seen.
Smoking-Related Increases in Alcohol Outcomes and Preliminary Evidence for the Protective Effect of a Functional Nicotine Receptor Gene (CHRNA5) Variant on Alcohol Consumption in Individuals Without Alcohol Use Disorder
Authors: Venkatesh Shyamala K , Stangl Bethany L , Yan Jia , Quijano Cardé Natalia A , Stein Elliot A , Diazgranados Nancy , Schwandt Melanie L , Sun Hui , Momenan Reza , Goldman David , De Biasi Mariella , Ramchandani Vijay A 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Alcohol and nicotine interact with the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor system to alter reward-related responses, thereby contributing to the co-use and misuse of these drugs. A missense polymorphism rs16969968 (G&gt;A) in the CHRNA5 gene has shown a strong association with nicotine-related phenotypes. However, less is known about the impact of this variant on alcohol-related phenotypes.

Methods
We assessed the main and interactive effect of smoking and rs16969968 polymorphism on alcohol consumption using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), Timeline Follow Back (TLFB), and Lifetime Drinking History (LDH) in 980 healthy adults without alcohol use disorder. We further examined the effect of the rs16969968 polymorphism on acute alcohol consumption using a free-access i.v. alcohol self-administration (IV-ASA) human laboratory paradigm in a subset of 153 nonsmoking participants. Subjective alcohol responses, alcohol sensitivity, and expectancy measures were compared between genotype groups (GG; AA/AG).

Results
We observed a significant association of smoking with AUDIT, TLFB, and LDH measures across genotype groups, with smokers showing higher scores compared with nonsmokers. Additionally, we found an association between genotype and TLFB-total drinks in the IV-ASA subset, with the GG group showing higher scores than AA/AG group. Relatedly, the alcohol negative expectancy score was significantly lower in the GG group than the AA/AG group.

Conclusions
Our findings underscore the association of smoking with alcohol measures. We found preliminary evidence for the protective effect of the functional CHRNA5 polymorphism on alcohol consumption and its association with increased negative alcohol expectancies, which highlights the substantial heterogeneity in alcohol responses.
Emerging Aspergillus lentulus infections in Taiwan: clinical and environmental surveillance
Authors: Chen Pao-Yu , Chao Chien-Ming , Luo Chwan-Yau , Tseng Yau-Lin , Chen Po-Lin , Roan Jun-Neng , Liu Wei-Lun , Chu Chien , Wu Chi-Jung , Wang Hsuan-Chen , Hsieh Ming-I , Choi Pui-Ching , Chen Yee-Chun 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of Aspergillus lentulus clinical and environmental isolates in Taiwan.

Methods
Aspergillus isolates obtained from patients at three hospitals and from 530 soil samples across Taiwan were screened. A. lentulus, confirmed by calmodulin sequencing, was subjected to antifungal susceptibility testing and cyp51A analyses. Soil samples yielding A. lentulus were analysed for residues of 25 azole fungicides.

Results
Nine A. lentulus isolates were identified, which included seven (1.2%, 7/601) isolates from three antifungal-naïve patients out of 601 Aspergillus section Fumigati clinical isolates and two (0.3%, 2/659) isolates out of 659 Aspergillus soil isolates. All isolates developed white colonies and failed to grow at 48°C. They were susceptible to anidulafungin but showed reduced susceptibility to amphotericin B (AmB), voriconazole and azole fungicides. One heart transplant recipient with proven invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) initially showed suboptimal response to voriconazole monotherapy but was cured with a combination of voriconazole–caspofungin, liposomal AmB (LAmB)–caspofungin, along with surgery, followed by voriconazole maintenance therapy. Among two critically ill patients with probable IPA, one survived with micafungin, while the other died of aspergillosis despite sequential isavuconazole and LAmB monotherapy. Clinical and environmental isolates sharing identical Cyp51A sequence are identified, matching the Cyp51A sequence of A. lentulus NIID0096. Flusilazole (0.0009 mg/kg) was detected in one soil sample.

Conclusions
This study raises concerns about health threat posed by human pathogenic A. lentulus originating from natural environments and underscores the need for increased clinical and laboratory vigilance regarding A. lentulus infections.
Intelligent neuro-computational modelling for MHD nanofluid flow through a curved stretching sheet with entropy optimization: Koo–Kleinstreuer–Li approach
Authors: Richa  , Sharma Bhupendra K , Almohsen Bandar , Laroze David 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The present study explores the dynamics of a two-dimensional, incompressible nanofluid flow through a stretching curved sheet within a highly porous medium. The mathematical model is formulated by including external forces such as viscous dissipation, thermal radiation, Ohmic heating, chemical reactions, and activation energy by utilizing a curvilinear coordinate system. The viscosity and thermal conductivity of the nanofluids are examined using the Koo–Kleinstreuer–Li model. The choice of $Al_{2}O_{3}$ and $CuO$ nanoparticles in this model stems from their distinct thermal properties and widespread industrial applicability. By non-dimensionalizing the governing partial differential equations, the physical model is simplified into ordinary differential equations. BVP-5C solver in MATLAB is utilized to numerically solve the obtained coupled non-linear ordinary differential equation. Graphical results are presented to investigate the velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles with entropy generation optimization under the influence of several flow parameters. The artificial neural network backpropagated with Levenberg–Marquardt method (ANN-BLMM) used to study the model. The performance is validated using regression analysis, mean square error and error histogram plots. The outcome illustrates that the velocity and temperature profiles increase with increasing the Forchhiemer parameter. Also, the velocity profile increases with increasing curvature parameter, while, reverse effect is observed for temperature profile. This research augments our comprehension of nanofluid dynamics over curved surfaces, which has implications for engineering applications. The insights gained have the potential to significantly contribute to the advancement of energy-efficient and environmentally sustainable cooling systems in industrial processes.
Plant-based diet and survival among patients with metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Cheng En , Ou Fang-Shu , Gatten Clare , Ma Chao , Venook Alan P , Lenz Heinz-Josef , O’Reilly Eileen M , Campbell Peter T , Kuang Chaoyuan , Caan Bette J , Blanke Charles D , Ng Kimmie , Meyerhardt Jeffrey A 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
A plant-based diet is associated with better survival among patients with nonmetastatic colorectal cancer (CRC), but its association in metastatic CRC is unknown.

Methods
Using an National Cancer Institute–sponsored trial (CALGB/SWOG 80405), we included 1284 patients who completed validated food frequency questionnaires at the initiation of metastatic CRC treatment. We calculated 3 indices: overall plant-based diet index (PDI), which emphasized consumption of all plant foods while reducing animal food intake; healthful plant-based diet index (hPDI), which emphasized consumption of healthful plant foods such as whole grains, fruits, and vegetables; and unhealthful plant-based diet index (uPDI), which emphasized consumption of less healthful plant foods such as fruit juices, refined grains, and sugar-sweetened beverages. We estimated the associations of 3 indices (quintiles) with overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression.

Results
We observed 1100 deaths and 1204 progression events (median follow-up = 6.1 years). Compared with the lowest quintile, patients in the highest quintile of PDI had significantly better survival (hazard ratio [HR] for OS = 0.76 [0.62-0.94], Ptrend = .004; PFS = 0.81 [0.66-0.99], Ptrend = .09). Similar findings were observed for hPDI (HR for OS = 0.81 [0.65-1.01], Ptrend = .053; PFS = 0.80 [0.65-0.98], Ptrend = .04), whereas uPDI was not associated with worse survival (HR for OS = 1.16 [0.94-1.43], Ptrend = .21; PFS = 1.12 [0.92-1.36], Ptrend = .42).

Conclusions
Our study suggests that a plant-based diet, especially when rich in healthful plant foods, is associated with better survival among patients with metastatic CRC. The cause of survival benefits warrants further investigation.
Evaluation of Transplacental Maternal SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Transfer in Small for Gestational Age Infants
Authors: Kachikis Alisa , Pike Mindy , Eckert Linda O , Roberts Emma A , Baranoff Alexis , Kung Sharon , Goecker Erin A , Gravett Michael G , Greninger Alexander L , Englund Janet A 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Little is known about the potential benefits of maternal immunization in the setting of high-risk pregnancies resulting in small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants. This study compares transplacental transfer of maternal SARS-CoV-2 anti-Spike antibody in pregnancies with SGA compared to appropriate-for-gestational-age infants.
Avulsion fracture of olecranon treated with McLaughlin-cerclage using an artificial ligament: a case report
Authors: Katsuyama Yusei , Nakamura Shinichiro , Sasaki Kentaro , Umeda Koichi , Takahashi Kenji 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
A 65-year-old woman presented with right elbow pain after a fall. Imaging showed an avulsion fracture of the olecranon. The patient subsequently underwent surgery using the suture bridge technique with anchors. However, loosening was observed intraoperatively. Therefore, a McLaughlin cerclage with an artificial ligament was added, resulting in a rigid fixation. Bone union was achieved at 4 months postoperatively. At 18 months postoperatively, no limitation was observed in the range of motion of the elbow joint; the disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand score was 0. McLaughlin cerclage with an artificial ligament provided additional fixation, demonstrating greater strength compared with suture anchors and minimizing the risk of cut-through in the osteoporotic bone. This approach offers a promising alternative for such cases by combining firm fixation with a reduced risk of complications, particularly in older patients with osteoporosis.
A rare presentation of cardiac and hepatic hydatid cysts in a young female: a case report
Authors: Khuanbai Yerkhanat , Alataev Bagdat , Kuatbayev Yermagambet , Bikhanov Nurzhan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Hydatid disease is an endemic parasitic infection caused by the larval stages of the tapeworm Echinococcus. It is highly endemic in Kazakhstan, with both Echinococcus granulosus and Echinococcus multilocularis widely distributed throughout the country. Hydatid disease can affect almost any organ in the body, with the liver and lung being the most common sites, while cardiac involvement is rare. We report a case of a young female presenting with a 1-year history of stabbing precordial pain, shortness of breath, and weakness. She had a hydatid cyst involving the myocardium of the left ventricle and the left lobe of the liver. The patient underwent surgical resection and received albendazole medication as part of the treatment regimen.
From the Universal Declaration to the Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights
Authors: Romano Cesare PR , Boggio Andrea 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter starts by telling the story of how, on the one hand, civil and political rights and, on the other, economic, social, and cultural rights ended up being codified in two separate treaties and how the right to science ended up lumped together with the right to culture in the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR). Then, it proceeds to recount the debates and negotiations regarding the wording of Article 15 of the ICESCR. The long and often intricate history of the genesis of the right to science shows that first, it survived several attempts to be nipped in the bud, indicating that States intended to assert a right to benefit from progress in science and technology. Second, although the right to science ended up being lumped together with the right to culture in the same article, it was not subsumed to it. Third, the right to science was hobbled from the very beginning by a remarkable lack of clarity, due to its complex nature as a cluster of more precise rights. While States agreed that the benefits of science were to be shared, they struggled to explain what those benefits are and how they are to be shared. Lastly, during the foundational years, the question of whether science should be oriented toward any specific goal, such as progress, democracy, international peace, or cooperation, was particularly contested.
The United Nations and the Right to Science
Authors: Romano Cesare PR , Boggio Andrea 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter maps the right to science within the United Nations after the adoption of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR). It covers both treaty bodies, in particular the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (CESCR), and Charter bodies, including the General Assembly, Security Council, and Human Rights Council. In the case of the CESCR, this chapter describes the right to science as it emerges from a systematic perusal of periodic State reports; from the only individual communication to date claiming violation of the right to science; and from CESCR’s General Comments, including General Comments 17 and 25. As regards the General Assembly, the chapter describes two major themes that have preoccupied it over much of its history: the question of the limits and teleology of science and technology, and the question of the transfer of technology from developed to developing States. Finally, regarding the Human Rights Council, this chapter explains that the right to science is rarely discussed in the context of State reports under the Universal Periodic Review. However, the Human Rights Council’s thematic mandate holders have written important pages about the right to science and several of the rights it includes contributing to deepening the normative content of the right.
Regional Human Rights Regimes and the Right to Science
Authors: Romano Cesare PR , Boggio Andrea 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter maps the diffusion of the right to science throughout five regional human rights regimes. First, it starts by following the development of the right to science in the Organization of American States, from the adoption of the American Declaration of Human Rights, to the American Convention of Human Rights and its Protocol of San Salvador, and to the Social Charter of the Americas. It discusses the first tentative steps taken by the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights to incorporate the right to science in State reports and the still untapped potential of the system. Second, it explains the political and historical reasons why the right to science is not codified in the European human rights regimes, while illustrating the many ways in which certain of its elements are reflected and implemented, both in the Council of Europe and in the European Union. Then, it explains why the right to science failed to be incorporated as such in the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights, identifies elements of the right in several other African legal instruments, and explains what could be done to strengthen the rights in the African region. Finally, the chapter discusses the two most recent human rights regimes, of the Arab League and of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations. It shows that although the right of science is codified in the key human rights instruments, it is still largely ignored both by States and by the regimes’ human rights bodies.
Finding the Normative Content of the Right to ScienceAn Introduction
Authors: Romano Cesare PR , Boggio Andrea 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter introduces Part IV, dedicated to the mapping of the normative content of the right to science. First, this chapter explains the logic behind the decision to break down the right to science into twenty-two distinct rights, grouped into four interrelated but distinct clusters: (1) the right to scientific progress and to scientific freedom; (2) the right to responsible scientific progress; (3) the right to participate in scientific progress; and (4) the right to benefit from scientific progress. Then, it provides the reader with some basic notions concerning the nature of the obligations corresponding to those rights and the limitations that they have. These include what the obligation to respect, protect, and fulfill means; the obligation to satisfy certain conditions (availability, accessibility, quality, and acceptability); the distinction between obligations of immediate realization and obligations of progressive realization; and the distinction between general and specific obligations. The chapter concludes with a discussion of indicators of progress (or regress) in the implementation of human rights, and how the indicators proposed in the following chapters were construed.
Delivery Room Management of the Apparently Vigorous Meconium-Stained Neonate
Authors: Roehr Charles Christoph 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Intubation and tracheal suctioning were standards of care for vigorous infants born through meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF), based on observational reports. Wiswell et al. investigated the benefit and safety of immediate intubation and tracheal suctioning in a large, international trial. Routine suctioning of the vigorous infant born through MSAF was no better than expectant management in preventing meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) (3.2% versus 2.7%, respectively) or other respiratory disorders (3.8% versus 4.5%). Abnormal fetal-heart rate monitoring, thickness of meconium, and low Apgar scores were independent predictors for the development of MAS. Intubation-related adverse events were rare and transient in both groups.
Effect of Supplemental Donor Human Milk Compared With Preterm Formula on Neurodevelopment of Very Low Birth Weight Infants at 18 Months
Authors: Embleton Nicholas D. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Donor human milk (DHM) is widely used as a supplement to a shortfall in mother’s own milk (MOM) supply, although preterm formula (PTF) is an alternative. This trial aimed to evaluate the impact of DHM compared with PTF on neurodevelopmental outcome. This pragmatic, double-blind trial conducted in 4 Canadian NICUs randomized 363 very low birth weight (VLBW) infants to receive either DHM (n = 181) or PTF (n = 182) when there was a shortfall in MOM supply. There were no differences in mean Bayley-III composite scores for cognitive, language, or motor development at 18 months corrected age. However, there was an important significant difference in necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) stage ≥2 between the DHM versus the PTF group (1.7% v 6.6%; p = 0.02) in a preplanned exploratory analysis.
Effects of Early Erythropoietin Therapy on the Transfusion Requirements of Preterm Infants Below 1250 Grams Birth Weight
Authors: Curley Anna E. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This multicenter randomized controlled study was composed of 2 concurrent trials. Infants in both trials were randomized to erythropoietin 400 U/kg 3 times weekly or placebo. Trial 1 aimed to decrease the number of transfusions received among infants 401 to 1000 g birth weight. One hundred and seventy-two infants were randomized to erythropoietin or placebo. There was no difference in the number of transfusions (4.3 [standard deviation 3.6] versus 5.2 [4.2], p = 0.09). Trial 2 aimed to decrease the percentage of transfused infants 1001 to 1250 g birth weight. One hundred and eighteen infants were randomized, of which 22 of 59 (37%) of treated infants versus 27 of 59 (46%) placebo infants were transfused (p = 0.25). Trial 2 was discontinued early due to reduced likelihood of demonstrating a treatment effect.
Efficacy of Intravitreal Bevacizumab for Stage 3+ Retinopathy of Prematurity
Authors: King Brian Christopher 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The BEAT-ROP trial investigated whether bevacizumab, a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitor, was an effective alternative to laser therapy for treatment of progressive disease. One hundred and fifty infants with stage 3+ zone I/zone II posterior disease were randomized to intravitreal bevacizumab or laser therapy. Disease recurrence was measured prior to 55 weeks’ postmenstrual age (PMA). Retinopathy recurred in fewer infants in the bevacizumab group versus the laser-therapy group (6% versus 26%; odds ratio 0.17, 95% confidence interval 0.05 to 0.53, p = 0.002). A significant treatment effect was in zone I disease (p = 0.03) but not in zone II disease (p = 0.27). The trial did not include neurodevelopmental follow-up, a key concern for VEGF inhibitors.
The Challenging Resident
Authors: Cable Christian , Jones Katherine 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The topic of the “challenging resident” is itself a challenge as long as residents are human and participate in human interactions. Most program directors will acknowledge that it is easier to correct deficits in medical knowledge or patient care than to address difficult communication with peers and patients. This case study centers on a resident who has difficult interprofessional relationships which affect patient safety. The institutional patient safety event review is used as a vehicle to review expectations for residents and a path toward improvement. The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Milestones are presented as a tool to facilitate competency-based assessment and improvement planning.