bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Saudi Arabia’s Middle East respiratory syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) outbreak: consequences, reactions, and takeaways
Authors: Salomon Izere 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is a viral illness caused by the MERS-Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) that was first identified in Saudi Arabia in 2012. Saudi Arabia has reported most global MERS-CoV cases and deaths, with periodic outbreaks in other countries.

Objectives:
This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the 2023 MERS-CoV outbreak in Saudi Arabia, including its epidemiology, public health response, impact, and lessons learned.

Methodology:
This study utilized a narrative review approach, drawing on published literature and data from sources such as the WHO and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Results:
The 2023 outbreak was centered in the Riyadh region, with 312 confirmed cases and 97 deaths reported. MERS-CoV primarily spreads from dromedary camels to humans, with human-to-human transmission, especially in healthcare settings. The outbreak exhibited seasonal and spatial trends, with most cases during camel calving season and in rural areas with high camel populations. The Saudi Ministry of Health implemented a multi-faceted response, including enhancing surveillance, improving infection prevention, providing clinical support, and conducting risk communication. Over time, the response showed a decline in the number of cases and deaths, indicating its effectiveness.

Conclusion:
The outbreak has significant public health, economic, and social impacts, underscoring the ongoing threat of emerging zoonotic diseases. Key lessons include early case detection, efficient infection control, vaccine and treatment development, public engagement, and strengthening of regional and global collaboration to mitigate future outbreaks and safeguard public health.
The Effects of Psychological Interventions on Fostering Resilience in Family Members of Pediatric Cancer Patients
Authors: Shao Yuna , Li William Ho Cheung , Zhou Run , Cheung Ankie Tan 
Published: June 2024

Background
Interventions to foster resilience may promote mental health recovery after exposure to stressors. However, comprehensive systematic syntheses of such evidence in family members of pediatric cancer patients are lacking.

Objective
To systematically review and meta-analyze the evidence for the effects of psychological interventions at fostering resilience in family members of pediatric cancer patients.

Methods
PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and 9 other databases were searched for articles published until March 2023. Empirical studies on psychological interventions to improve resilience in family members of pediatric cancer patients were included. Full-text and quality appraisals were performed independently by 2 reviewers. Pooled effect sizes were calculated using random-effects meta-analyses.

Results
Seventeen studies were included, of which 10 were included in the meta-analyses. There was a positive effect of interventions on resilience at postintervention time points, but no effects on depressive symptoms, stress, or well-being. The improvement in resilience was sustained in the short term (≤3 months) and medium term (>3 to ≤6 months), with delayed effects on depressive symptoms and stress. In the 6 studies that reported moderate effect sizes, the interventions comprised problem-solving skills, cognitive strategies, promotion of personal strength, and social resources.

Conclusion
The findings indicated that psychological interventions targeting resilience have the potential to positively affect the resilience and mental health outcomes of family members, particularly parents.

Implications for Practice
Psychological interventions targeting resilience hold promise in improving the mental health of family members. Future interventions should clearly specify the characteristics of the intervention, such as mode of delivery, format, and duration.
Regulating AI Adaptation: An Analysis of AI Medical Device Updates
Authors: Wu Kevin , Wu Eric , Rodolfa Kit , Ho Daniel E. , Zou James 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWhile the pace of development of AI has rapidly progressed in recent years, the implementation of safe and effective regulatory frameworks has lagged behind. In particular, the adaptive nature of AI models presents unique challenges to regulators as updating a model can improve its performance but also introduce safety risks. In the US, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has been a forerunner in regulating and approving hundreds of AI medical devices. To better understand how AI is updated and its regulatory considerations, we systematically analyze the frequency and nature of updates in FDA-approved AI medical devices. We find that less than 2% of all devices report having been updated by being re-trained on new data. Meanwhile, nearly a quarter of devices report updates in the form of new functionality and marketing claims. As an illustrative case study, we analyze pneumothorax detection models and find that while model performance can degrade by as much as 0.18 AUC when evaluated on new sites, re-training on site-specific data can mitigate this performance drop, recovering up to 0.23 AUC. However, we also observed significant degradation on the original site after retraining using data from new sites, providing insight from one example that challenges the current one-model-fits-all approach to regulatory approvals. Our analysis provides an in-depth look at the current state of FDA-approved AI device updates and insights for future regulatory policies toward model updating and adaptive AI.Data and Code AvailabilityThe primary data used in this study are publicly available through the FDA website. Our analysis of the data and code used is available in the supplementary material and will be made publicly available on GitHub athttps://github.com/kevinwu23/AIUpdating.Institutional Review Board (IRB)Our research does not require IRB approval.
Enhancement ofM. tuberculosisLine Probe Assay Sensitivity through Whole Genome Amplification of Low-Quantity DNA Released from Sputum and Archived on Chemically-Coated Cellulose Matrix Using an Isothermal Enzymatic Strand-Displacement Process
Authors: Goyani Krishna H. , Deb Chirajyoti , Patel Daisy , Vaniawala Shalin , Mukhopadhyaya Pratap N. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this study, thirty-nine sputum samples from tuberculosis (TB)-positive patients undergoing first-line therapy were collected and archived on a chemical-coated cellulose matrix. DNA was extracted from these matrices and tested forMycobacterium tuberculosisusing the Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra assay. Seven samples tested positive forM. tuberculosis, with low levels of detection. End-point PCR yielded faint signals in four samples, but no signal in the remaining three. A Line Probe Assay (LPA) detected pathogen DNA in only one of the three PCR-negative samples. Remarkably, the LPA-negative samples were successfully detected by LPA and end-point PCR following isothermal, strand displacement-based whole genome amplification (WGA) of the stock DNA. The drug sensitivity profile of these samples was consistent with the Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra results obtained from the original stock DNA. Additionally, sputum DNA from healthy individuals spiked with 125 ng, but not with 1.25 ng, ofM. tuberculosisculture DNA was detected by LPA. Following WGA, the 1.25 ng sample was also detected successfully by LPA, and its drug sensitivity profile matched that of the 125-ng sample. These findings indicate that WGA of sputum DNA from a cellulose matrix, even with low pathogen load, can enhance the detection capabilities of LPA by enriching the genome target through an isothermal enzymatic strand displacement method. This method holds promise for improving diagnostic sensitivity in TB detection.
Predicting response to cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer: transcriptomic features outrank genomic biomarkers
Authors: Acedo-Terrades Ariadna , Rodriguez-Vida Alejo , Buisan Oscar , Bódalo-Torruella Marta , Gabarrós Maria , Clarós Miquel , Juanpere Nuria , Lorenzo Marta , Vázquez Montes de Oca Sergio , Rios-Hoyo Alejandro , Carrato Moñino Cristina , Sanhueza Tamara , Eyras Eduardo , Puigdecanet Eulàlia , Sjödahl Gottfrid , Perera-Bel Júlia , Nonell Lara , Bellmunt Joaquim 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTMuscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is associated with poor predictability of response to cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). Consequently, the benefit of NAC remains unclear for many patients due to the lack of reliable biomarkers predicting treatment response. In order to identify biomarkers and build an integrated and highly accurate model to predict NAC response, we performed a comprehensive transcriptomic and genomic profiling on tumors from 100 MIBC patients. Our results showed that the expression of the top genes associated with response, as well as the expression of growth factor genes and cell cycle regulators are highly correlated with NAC response. Most importantly, we found a novel signature related to the WNT signaling pathway that alone was highly correlated with NAC response and showed high accuracy in predicting NAC response (AUC=0.76). Additionally, mutations in the DNAH family genes (DNAH8, DNAH6 and DNAH10) and deletion in KDM6A were also highly correlated with NAC response. Using our comprehensive molecular analysis as a backbone, we developed two machine learning (ML) models, one incorporating both transcriptomic and genomic features (RF-RW), and the other using only transcriptomic data (RF-R). Both models demonstrated promising performance (AUC=0.82) as predictive models of response to NAC in MIBC. RF-RW and RF-R, after external validation, could potentially change the management of MIBC patients by selecting ideal candidates for NAC.
Diversity and emotional labor in the gig economy
Authors: Ajaiyeoba Ifeyimika O. 
Published: June 2024

PurposeThis paper aims to explore and conceptualize the emotional labor of racial minorities and women in the gig economy.Design/methodology/approachThe paper draws on current research on gig workers' engagement in emotional labor and accounts of unfair practices in the gig economy. It calls out the presence of bias in algorithmic systems used within the gig economy as a means of control and gig worker management. The negative impact of such bias on a specific gig worker demographic is theorized.FindingsThrough a review of research on the nature of work in the gig economy, the paper suggests an unspoken mandate exists for gig workers to engage in emotional labor practices. Specifically, the nature of gig work in terms of algorithmic control, coupled with gig work dependence, often creates a need for gig workers to engage in emotional labor. This need is heightened for racial and ethnic minorities and women gig workers.Research limitations/implicationsAs gig platforms increasingly rely on algorithms for management and gig workers face biases, this paper offers valuable insights that contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the gig economy's impact on worker well-being. The paper discusses the need for more profound research into the nature of work in the gig economy and the life experiences of gig workers.Practical implicationsThis paper has significant implications for organizations and gig workers. Understanding the relationships proposed in this paper can inform organizational strategies to enhance the well-being of gig workers and improve their overall work experiences, potentially leading to increased satisfaction and reduced turnover. Additionally, the paper recommends strategies gig workers can utilize to achieve positive outcomes.Originality/valueThe evolving work landscape, driven by the gig economy, necessitates a thorough understanding of new work dynamics. This paper sheds light on the often-overlooked diversity within the gig workforce, mainly focusing on the unique experiences of women and racial and ethnic minorities.
The role of institutional and operational factors in the digitalization of large local governments: insights from Italy
Authors: Bisogno Marco , Cuadrado-Ballesteros Beatriz , Abate Flavio 
Published: June 2024

PurposeThis study investigates drivers of local governments’ digitalization, focusing on contextual factors that can help explain the level of e-government development. Concretely, it examines financial, socioeconomic, and political factors that represent the local context where e-government initiatives are implemented.Design/methodology/approachA composite e-government index was used, adopting a holistic perspective to capture various features of e-government initiatives. The OLS estimator for linear regressions was used for the analysis based on a sample of Italian municipalities in 2023. The Tobit estimator was additionally implemented to check for the robustness of the results.FindingsEmpirical findings suggest that municipalities with higher indebtedness tend to show lower digitalization levels. Economic and social variables are also relevant factors, while the political orientation of the governing party is not significant. This indirectly documents that e-government initiatives play a strategic role despite the political ideology.Originality/valueThis study avoids referring to a technological determinism perspective and examines the role of the institutional and operational context, highlighting the need to unveil and explain differences among local governments rather than focusing on similarities.
Economic tides and merger waves: insights from a long-run perspective
Authors: Emiru Tilahun , Weisblatt Sara 
Published: June 2024

Purpose
This study aims to examine the long-run relationship between macroeconomic and financial conditions and the aggregate number of mergers and acquisitions (M&As) in the USA, drawing on data spanning from 1928 to 2019.

Design/methodology/approach
The study estimated a Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) encompassing four variables: the aggregate number of M&As, industrial production, the rates on three-month U.S. treasury bills and the closing price of the Dow Jones Industrial Average.

Findings
There exists a long-run relationship among the four variables. An increase in industrial production is associated with a fall in M&A transactions, reflecting a tendency for M&A waves to start during economic downturns. Similarly, contractionary monetary policy, which often happens during good economic and financial times, leads to a decline in M&A activity. When the equilibrium among the four variables is disrupted, the aggregate number of M&As, along with financial conditions, works to restore the equilibrium.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to examine the long-run relationship between macroeconomic and financial conditions using data spanning nearly a century.
Farming is not a joke: the entrepreneurship ecosystem of agricultural social enterprises
Authors: Lorenz Angelica Marie Therese C. , Padre Peter P. , Ramos Joanna Kathleen P. , Mabalay Adrian A. , Aure Patrick Adriel H. , Blasa-Cheng Angelique C. 
Published: June 2024

Purpose
This study aims to work toward understanding the entrepreneurship ecosystem of agricultural social enterprises in the Philippines by exploring the interactions between policy, culture, supports and human capital domains.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors considered using an exploratory single-embedded case study approach, involving methodological triangulation of document analysis, semistructured interviews and participant observation. The authors analyzed the data using a narrative approach to map the ecosystem.

Findings
Through the research, the authors discovered that while each domain functions effectively individually, disconnects exist when interacting collectively as an ecosystem. The authors come to know that there is no policy consensus on social enterprise definitions, which limits specialized policy support. Although support services like incubators are available, the authors observed that awareness and accessibility vary based on location and business maturity. The authors also noted that human capital helps translate concepts into frameworks, but research tailored to agriculture and social entrepreneurship is limited. The authors come to the conclusion that collaboration and openness across domains are needed to strengthen connections and synergies.

Research limitations/implications
The study was geographically limited to Luzon Island, and the authors did not include the finance and markets domains of the ecosystem model in the analysis.

Practical implications
Based on the findings, the authors identify strategies to reinforce connections, such as increasing awareness of support services, developing tailored policies for social enterprises, conducting specialized research and promoting collaboration across domains. The authors are convinced that implementing these strategies can further develop the agricultural social entrepreneurship ecosystem.

Originality/value
The study provides unique empirical insights into the agricultural social entrepreneurship ecosystem in the Philippines. The authors captured the narratives and experiences of key ecosystem stakeholders along the process. The authors have confidence that what the authors found can strategically guide policymakers and support organizations, educational institutions and social entrepreneurs to accelerate ecosystem development for greater social impact.
Tongue, tape, and time: caring masculinities in the practice of electrical repair and maintenance work in India's Sundarbans
Authors: Pergetti Silvia 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn forest‐fringe areas of India's Sundarbans, young men at the intersection of low caste and class become invested in electrical repair and maintenance work – as a gendering practice that enacts a specific logic of care. This work takes embodied knowledge (tongue), thoughtful improvisation (tape), and lifelong commitment (time) to fragile things and people in need. Tongue, tape, and time make the difference between good and bad care – between good, honourable men and men who do not or cannot care. In a place of changing aspirations but lasting deprivations, the costs of caring are expensive for men of limited means, and yet the costs of not caring cause the same men to suffer from unanticipated forms of gendered vulnerability. In this article, electrical workers’ caring masculinities are analysed in their political, economic, and moral dimensions to reveal ongoing tensions in the social constitution of (gendered) personhood: as care both obviates and causes ruination, these tensions must be constantly smoothed out for care to maintain its generative potential. Informed by fifteen months of fieldwork on an island of India's Sundarbans, the article seeks to trouble repair and maintenance work as care work – for care both does and undoes both men and things.
Labour market and income inequalities in the United Kingdom, 1968–2021
Authors: Cribb Jonathan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis paper examines trends in working‐age labour market and disposable income inequalities in the United Kingdom from 1968 to 2021 using microdata harmonised with 16 other high‐income countries. In the UK, the 1980s was a period of rising labour market inequalities and inequality in disposable incomes. Since the 1980s, changes have been more modest. Changing hours of work and changes in family structure have been important for understanding trends in individual and household earnings inequalities, respectively. Tax and benefit reforms have also played an important role in driving disposable income inequalities, with notable redistribution towards low‐income households between 1997 and 2010. We also provide evidence on the effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic in the UK. Disposable income inequality fell slightly as increases in state benefits during the pandemic boosted incomes of poorer households.
Development and validation of a quantitative method for the analysis of delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (delta‐9‐THC), delta‐8‐tetrahydrocannabinol (delta‐8‐THC), delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA), and cannabidiol (CBD) in botanicals, edibles, liquids, oils, waxes, and bath products by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS)
Authors: Shuda Sarah A. , Folger Joshua F. , Spargo Erin , Logan Barry K. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA quantitative gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) method was developed for delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (delta‐9‐THC), delta‐8‐tetrahydrocannabinol (delta‐8‐THC), tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA), and cannabidiol (CBD) in matrices including plant material, liquids and oils, waxes, edibles, and bath and body products. Samples were prepared by homogenization, extraction of the cannabinoids into solvent, liquid/liquid extraction, and derivatization. The GC/MS method was validated from 0.15% to 5.00% (weight basis) to encompass the 0.3% legal distinction between hemp and marijuana. Validation was performed assessing imprecision/bias, calibration model, recovery, interferences, limit of detection, matrix matching, carryover, accuracy, and an assessment of CBD conversion to delta‐9‐THC. The calibration curves were quadratic weighted 1/x with r2 > 0.990. The method had a detection limit of 0.075% in plant material for each analyte. Analyte recovery was greater than 70% in plant material. Carryover was not observed up to concentrations equivalent to 100% analyte, and no forensically significant conversion of CBD to delta‐9‐THC was observed. One cannabinoid isomer, 9(R)‐delta‐7‐tetrahydrocannabinol (9(R)‐delta‐7‐THC), was determined to interfere with the quantitation of delta‐9‐THC, but could be differentiated based on mass spectrum. The method was determined to be suitable for quantitation of delta‐9‐THC, delta‐8‐THC, delta‐9‐THCA, and CBD and was able to differentiate hemp samples from marijuana samples.
Evidence of content validity of the nursing outcome “sexual functioning” from the nursing outcome classification
Authors: de Lima Edvone Alves , Lopes Camila Takao , Lopes Juliana de Lima , Herdman T. Heather , Abuchaim Érica de Sá Vieira , Santos Vinicius Batista 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the content validity evidence of the nursing outcome “sexual functioning” from the Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC).MethodsA multi‐method study, including a methodological study analyzing the content validity evidence of the NOC outcome and sexual functioning, and a quantitative, descriptive, cross‐sectional study. In the first phase, a literature review was conducted to map and identify clinical indicators associated with sexual functioning to construct the conceptual (CD) and operational definitions (ODs) of each outcome indicator. In the second phase, experts assessed the CD and OD for clarity, theoretical relevance, and theoretical pertinence. The critical validity ratio (CVR) was calculated for each indicator. In the third phase, a pilot test of sexual functioning measurement was conducted with 33 patients hospitalized for coronary artery disease. Internal consistency was calculated through Cronbach's alpha.ResultsThe CD and OD were constructed based on 120 articles and analyzed by 13 experts; four rounds were required to achieve the critical CVR in each phase. In the pilot test, the nursing outcome achieved a Cronbach's alpha of 0.95, and the mean assessment time was 26 min. Indicators with the highest mean scores were related to knowledge of personal needs and capabilities and comfort with one's own body.ConclusionThe CD and OD developed for the NOC outcome, sexual functioning, had adequate evidence of content validity. The outcome content has high internal consistency. Further studies on the validity of the nursing outcome should be conducted to increase its validity.Implications for practiceThe nursing outcome, sexual functioning, can be a tool used by nurses to evaluate the effect of nursing education and interventions on sexual functioning in the adult population.