bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Othenio Abel (1875–1946) and “the phylogeny of the parts”1
Authors: Rieppel Olivier 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe reconstruction of the evolutionary history of animal phyla was an integral part of Othenio Abel’s paleobiology (paleozoology). Abel took issue with those phylogeneticists who, following the lead of Haeckel, would draw up phylogenetic trees on the basis of transformation series of singular characters considered to be of particular importance. Abel highlighted Louis Dollo’s principle of the chevauchement des spécialisations (crossing of specializations), which transformed phylogenetics from a search for ancestor–descendant sequences to research into relative degrees of relationships. This replacement resolved the conflict, much discussed at the time, between the continuity of ancestor–descendant lineages and the discontinuity inherent in the natural (phylogenetic) system. Walter Zimmermann refined Abel’s methodology, which he called character‐phylogenetics (Merkmalsphylogenie), an approach that was eventually adopted by Willi Hennig.
Recognizing misplacement of a dialysis catheter in the azygos vein
Authors: Calviño Jesús , Bravo Juan , Martínez Lucía , Millán Beatriz , Pulpeiro José R 
Published: October 2012

AbstractUneventful central venous catheterization for hemodialysis patients may not always result in a correct tip position. A case of inadvertent cannulation of the azygos vein is described. Radiographic features for its early recognition are emphasized and mechanisms related with azygos unintended catheterization are discussed.
Prayer as Inner Sense Cultivation: An Attentional Learning Theory of Spiritual Experience
Authors: Luhrmann T. M. , Morgain Rachel 
Published: November 2012

AbstractHow does prayer change the person who prays? In this article, we report on a randomized controlled trial developed to test an ethnographic hypothesis. Our results suggest that prayer which uses the imagination—the kind of prayer practiced in many U.S. evangelical congregations—cultivates the inner senses, and that this cultivation has consequences. Mental imagery grows sharper. Inner experience seems more significant to the person praying. Feelings and sensations grow more intense. The person praying reports more unusual sensory experience and more unusual and more intense spiritual experience. In this work we explain in part why inner sense cultivation is found in so many spiritual traditions, and we illustrate the way spiritual practice affects spiritual experience. We contribute to the anthropology of religion by presenting an attentional learning theory of prayer.
Changing God, Changing Bodies: The Impact of New Prayer Practices on Elderly Catholic Nuns’ Embodied Experience
Authors: Corwin Anna I. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractI focus this study on changes in the prayer lives of U.S. Catholic nuns following Vatican II; widespread institutional change in the Catholic Church that, among other things, transformed U.S. Catholic nuns’ lives. In the article, I combine a phenomenological model of embodiment with narrative analysis to show how institutional linguistic prayer practices transform elderly nuns’ embodied experience as they age. Drawing on naturalistic video‐ and audio‐recordings gathered over three years in a Catholic convent in the Midwestern United States, I show how changing communicative and embodied prayer practices following Vatican II have impacted U.S. Catholic nuns’ (1) understanding of the divine, (2) relationship with the divine, (3) embodied experience of the divine, and (4) how these changes have impacted their experiences of and interpretation of physical states including illness and pain. Overall, I offer insight into how changes in the nuns’ linguistic practice of prayer impact the nuns’ documented success in managing loneliness and chronic pain at the end of life.
Offshore work: Oil, modularity, and the how of capitalism in Equatorial Guinea
Authors: APPEL HANNAH 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTOil scholarship often focuses on oil as money, as if the industry were a mere revenue‐producing machine—a black box with predictable effects. Drawing on fieldwork in Equatorial Guinea, I take the industry as my object of analysis: infrastructures, labor regimes, forms of expertise and fantasy. Starting from a visit to an offshore rig, I explore the idea of “modularity”—mobile personnel, technologies, and legal structures that enable offshore work in Equatorial Guinea to function “just like” offshore work elsewhere. Anthropologists often characterize as naive the simplifications of modular processes, the evacuation of specificity they entail. Yet for the industry in Equatorial Guinea, this evacuation of specificity was neither mistake nor flaw. Tracing the making of modularity shows how corporations can appear removed from local entanglements and also helps to clarify the “how” of capitalism—the work required to frame heterogeneity and contingency into the profit and power found in many global capitalist projects.
Morphological characteristics of blood cells in monitor lizards: is erythrocyte size linked to actual body size?
Authors: FRÝDLOVÁ Petra , HNÍZDO Jan , CHYLÍKOVÁ Lenka , ŠIMKOVÁ Olga , CIKÁNOVÁ Veronika , VELENSKÝ Petr , FRYNTA Daniel 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBlood cell morphology and count are not uniform across species. Recently, between‐species comparisons revealed that the size of red blood cells is associated with body size in some lizard taxa, and this finding was interpreted in the context of the metabolic theory. In the present study, we examined the numbers and the size of blood cells in 2 species of monitor lizards, the mangrove‐dwelling monitor (Varanus indicus) and the savannah monitor (V. exanthematicus), and we compared these traits in individuals of different body size. The results revealed that during the course of ontogeny, the size of red blood cells increases with body mass. Because the mass‐specific metabolic rate decreases with body size and the cell volume‐to‐surface ratio decreases with the cell size, changes in the erythrocyte size might be the result of oxygen transport adjustment.
Habitat use and locomotion of the François' langur (Trachypithecus francoisi) in limestone habitats of Nonggang, China
Authors: ZHOU Qihai , LUO Bang , WEI Fuwen , HUANG Chengming 
Published: October 2012

AbstractWe collected data on habitat use and locomotion of the François' langur (Trachypithecus francoisi) between August 2003 and July 2004 at Nonggang Nature Reserve, China. A total of 739 h of behavioral data were collected during this study. We tested 2 predictions: (1) that the langurs may have special patterns of habitat use and locomotion adaptive to the limestone habitat, and (2) the langurs may exhibit different patterns of habitat use and locomotion among different zones of limestone hill. Our results indicated that François– langurs spent more time in the low‐risk, relatively food‐poor cliff–hilltop areas. When young leaves and fruit were scarce in the dry season, the langurs increased their time in the high‐risk, food‐rich valley basin. François– langurs were semi‐terrestrial, and leaping and climbing were their main locomotor modes. These behavioral patterns are considered to be related to characteristics of topography and vegetation in limestone habitat, such as large areas of cliff and discontinuous canopy. Our results also supported Prediction 2. The langurs confined locomotion to the main canopy and frequently adopted leaping while traveling in the hillside and valley basin. While traveling in cliff–hilltop areas, they tended to stay in the lower stratus (≤5 m) or move on the ground, and walking and climbing were their dominant traveling modes.
Risk factors for surgical site infection in breast surgery
Authors: Teija‐Kaisa Aholaakko , Eija Metsälä , Marja Sihvonen , Outi Lyytikäinen 
Published: November 2012

Aims and objectivesTo study risks of surgical site infection in breast surgery. The objectives were to measure the association of postoperative infection with patient‐ and procedure‐related factors.BackgroundThe infection rate in breast surgery is expected to be low but it varies a lot. The variation is recommended to be assessed by measuring procedure‐related factors.DesignA retrospective chart review of 982 breast surgery patients was completed.MethodsThe data on patient demographics, procedure types, patient and surgery‐related factors were collected. A multivariate logistic regression model for all breast operations (n = 982), lumpectomies (n = 700) and mastectomies (n = 282) was performed.ResultsThe infection rate was 6·7%. In a multivariate logistic regression model for all operations, a contaminated or dirty wound, high American Society of Anesthesiologists score, high body mass index, use of surgical drains and re‐operation predicted increased infection risk. In lumpectomies high body mass index and use of surgical drains predicted increased risk. In mastectomies, the significant predictor was re‐operation.ConclusionsThe surgical site infection rate was high. In addition to the two classical risks (high wound class and anaesthesia risk), high body mass index, re‐operation and use of surgical drain increased the infection risk among all patients.Relevance to clinical practiceIn breast surgery careful assessment, documentation and adherence to aseptic practices are important with all patients. Patients with heavy weight need special attention. The need for antimicrobial prophylaxis in re‐operations and the need of surgical drains in lumpectomies are important to consider carefully.
Involvement of the apelin receptor APJ in Fas‐induced liver injury
Authors: Yasuzaki Hiroaki , Yoshida Shin‐ichirou , Hashimoto Tatsuo , Shibata Wataru , Inamori Masahiko , Toya Yoshiyuki , Tamura Kouichi , Maeda Shin , Umemura Satoshi 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundApelin‐APJ signalling is known to play important roles in heart physiology and pathology; however, its functions in liver physiology and pathology remain unclear. On the other hand, Fas is an important molecule in hepatitis and other liver disease that belongs to the death receptor family. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between apelin‐APJ signaling and Fas‐mediated liver injury in mice.MethodsAPJ−/− mice and wild type (WT) mice were administered an intraperitoneal injection of an agonistic anti‐Fas antibody (clone; Jo2), and sacrificed after 3 or 6 h to assess the liver histology. The expression levels of apelin and APJ, plasma levels of transaminases, activities of hepatic caspases and activations of stress‐activated protein kinases were also analysed.ResultsBefore the Jo2 injection, APJ was weakly expressed in the hepatocytes in spots; on the other hand, after the Jo2 injection, it had spread into whole hepatocytes. Moreover, the mRNA expression level of apelin and APJ in the liver increased after Jo2 injection. In the APJ−/− mice, the liver injuries and apoptotic changes were significantly inhibited as compared with those in the WT mice. Dramatic increase in JNK activation was observed in the WT mice after Jo2 injection, whereas such activation was completely absent in the APJ−/− mice. JNK inhibitor partially, but significantly suppressed Jo2‐mediated liver injury in WT mice.ConclusionApelin‐APJ signalling may promote Fas‐induced liver injury at least partially via JNK activation, and may thus serve as a potential therapeutic target in cases of acute liver injury.
Effect of Sacral Neuromodulation Rate on Overactive Bladder Symptoms: A Randomized Crossover Feasibility Study
Authors: PETERS Kenneth M. , SHEN Lijuan , MCGUIRE Maureen 
Published: October 2012

Objectives: This was a single‐center, institutional review board‐approved study, conducted in the USA that used a 3 × 3 orthogonal Latin squares crossover design to assess variability in overactive bladder symptoms and adverse events when subjects were exposed to three rate settings of sacral neuromodulation.Methods: Thirteen female subjects who had urgency frequency and urinary urge incontinence were enrolled into the study. Twelve subjects completed the study. Upon enrollment, each subject was randomized to one of three rate‐setting sequences: 5.2, 14, and 25 Hz. Each rate setting was tested for 1 week in every subject.Results: When subjects were programmed to 5.2, 14, and 25 Hz, they had an average of 3.83 ± 2.27, 2.37 ± 1.83, and 2.82 ± 2.1 incontinence episodes per day and an average of 2.61 ± 1.64, 1.84 ± 1.43, and 1.94 ± 1.61 pad changes per day, respectively. Rate had a statistically significant effect on the number of incontinent episodes (P < 0.001) and number of pad changes (P = 0.039) with more incontinent episodes in the 5.2‐Hz setting compared to the 14‐ and 25‐Hz settings (P < 0.04) for both measurements. Nine subjects reported 21 adverse events. None of the adverse events was considered either a serious or an unanticipated adverse device effect (UADE).Conclusion: Rate significantly affected the number of incontinence episodes and pad changes per day. The number of adverse events was similar across the three rate settings with programming‐related adverse events lowest in the 14 Hz group.
Treatment of Vaginal Cuff Prolapses with Posterior Intravaginal Sling and Evaluation of Efficiency with International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire—Vaginal Symptoms Method in the Long Term: Preliminary Results
Authors: BALSAK Deniz , UYSAL Ahmet , CAVUS Yunus , INCE Zehra , ACAR Zuat , GÜNGÖR Ayşenur , HACIVELİOĞLU Servet 
Published: October 2012

Objectives: The aim of this study was to research the efficiency of posterior intravaginal sling (PIVS) procedure in vaginal cuff prolapse, together with possible complications, long‐term effects and effects of the method on vaginal and sexual function and quality of life of patients. This retrospective study comprised 21 patients with vaginal cuff prolapse.Methods: PIVS procedure was performed in 21 patients with vaginal cuff prolapse with quantification stages 2, 3, or 4 of pelvic organ prolapse. Patients were assessed according to the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire—Vaginal Symptoms before and after operation.Results: The average follow‐up period was 24.6 months. The rate of surgical success was 100%, the rate of mesh erosion was 14.2% and the rate of dyspareunia was 33.3%. Vaginal symptom, sexual matter and quality of life scores were statistically significant in the postoperative period compared to the preoperative period (P = 0.001, P = 0.001, P = 0.001, respectively).Conclusion: PIVS is an effective and reliable method of treating vaginal cuff prolapse. However, its complication profile is not yet at an acceptable level. We believe that the rate of mesh erosion will regress to a more acceptable level with the improvement of mesh technology and postoperative method. The necessary incontinence surgery is easily performed together with PIVS procedure. PIVS restores the vaginal and sexual functions of patients and increases their quality of life significantly.
Alpha‐amylase is a human salivary protein with affinity to lipopolysaccharide of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
Authors: Baik J.E. , Hong S.W. , Choi S. , Jeon J.H. , Park O.‐J. , Cho K. , Seo D.‐G. , Kum K.‐Y. , Yun C.‐H. , Han S.H. 
Published: October 2012

SummaryAggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans lipopolysaccharide (Aa.LPS) is a major virulence factor associated with aggressive periodontitis. Although the recognition of Aa.LPS is potentially initiated by salivary proteins in the oral cavity, Aa.LPS‐binding proteins (Aa.LPS‐BPs) in saliva are poorly characterized. The purpose of this study was to capture and identify Aa.LPS‐BPs in human saliva using a LTQ‐Orbitrap hybrid Fourier transform mass spectrometry. Aa.LPS conjugated onto N‐hydroxysuccinimidyl‐Sepharose® 4 Fast Flow beads (Aa.LPS‐beads) activated Toll‐like receptor 4 and produced nitric oxide and Interferon gamma‐inducible protein‐10, implying that the conjugation process did not alter the biological properties of Aa.LPS. Aa.LPS‐BPs were subsequently isolated from the nine human saliva samples from healthy individuals with the Aa.LPS‐beads followed by identification with the mass spectrometry. Aa.LPS‐BPs include α‐amylase, serum albumin, cystatin, lysozyme C, submaxillary gland androgen‐regulated protein 3B, immunoglobulin subunits, polymeric immunoglobulin receptor, deleted in malignant brain tumors 1, prolactin‐inducible protein, lipocalin‐1, and basic salivary proline‐rich protein 2. Specific binding was validated using a pull‐down assay with α‐amylase which was captured at the highest frequency. Alpha‐amylase demonstrated to interfere with the adherence and biofilm formation of A. actinomycetemcomitans. Even heat‐inactivated α‐amylase showed the interference to the same extent. Conclusively, we identified unique Aa.LPS‐BPs that provide useful information to understand bacterial pathogenesis and host innate immunity in the oral cavity.
Comparison of health‐related quality of life between patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and the general population
Authors: Bentsen Signe Berit , Rokne Berit , Wahl Astrid Klopstad 
Published: November 2012

BackgroundChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with lower health‐related quality of life (HRQOL). Previous research has focused primarily on HRQOL in these patients, whereas few studies have compared HRQOL between patients with COPD and the general population.AimThe aim of this study was to evaluate differences in HRQOL between patients with COPD stage 2 to COPD stage 4 waiting to begin an outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) programme and Norwegian individuals with and without other chronic conditions.MethodsA comparative survey design was used in this study of 100 patients with COPD waiting to begin PR and 3594 individuals from the general population. The SF‐36 questionnaire was used to evaluate HRQOL.ResultsCompared with the healthy general population, COPD patients waiting to begin PR had lower scores on all SF‐36 components and on the physical and mental health summary components (p < 0.001). Scores for physical function, physical role, general health, vitality, social function, emotional role and the physical health component differed markedly between patients and the general population. Patients with COPD stage 4 had lower HRQOL than did the general population and those with COPD stage 2 and COPD stage 3.ConclusionsThe burden of COPD significantly affects HRQOL in patients with COPD waiting to begin PR, and those with COPD stage 4 are most affected. Action should be taken to support especially those patients with COPD stage 4.
Weight loss in overwintering below‐ground parts of Sonchus arvensis under current and temperature‐elevated climate scenarios in Sweden
Authors: VERWIJST T , ECKERSTEN H , ANBARI S , LUNDKVIST A , TORSSELL B 
Published: November 2012

SummaryWeight loss in overwintering below‐ground parts of perennial weeds has been attributed to respiration, but neither its temperature dependence nor its relevance for biomass dynamics under changing climate conditions have been investigated. In two experiments, we quantified weight loss of the perennial weed Sonchus arvensis, by measuring weight changes over time of sprouting roots in dark rooms at temperatures of 4, 8 and 18°C. Dry weight loss rates were 0.47, 0.64 and 1.47% day−1 at 4, 8 and 18°C, respectively, giving a half‐life time of 149, 110 and 47 days, respectively. A factor by which weight loss rates increase for every 10° rise in temperature (Q10) was equal to about 2.3. Cumulative weight loss may comprise >40% of the below‐ground biomass during overwintering periods. Applying weight loss rates and Q10 to elevated soil temperature projections showed that losses during winter seasons in central Sweden will remain basically constant, the effect of increased weight loss at higher temperatures being balanced by shorter winters. This implies that need for control of S. arvensis in a changing climate will persist, but that shorter winter seasons will provide a longer time window for control of S. arvensis prior to sowing crops.
Bidirectional local distance measure for comparing segmentations
Authors: Kim Hak Soo , Park Samuel B. , Lo Simon S. , Monroe James I. , Sohn Jason W. 
Published: October 2012

Purpose:To accurately quantify the local difference between two contour surfaces in two‐ or three‐dimensional space, a new, robust point‐to‐surface distance measure is developed.Methods:To evaluate and visualize the local surface differences, point‐to‐surface distance measures have been utilized. However, previously well‐known point‐to‐surface distance measures have critical shortfalls. Previous distance measures termed “normal distance (ND),” “radial distance,” or “minimum distance (MD)” can report erroneous results at certain points where the surfaces under comparison meet certain conditions. These skewed results are due to the monodirectional characteristics of these methods. ComGrad distance was also proposed to overcome asymmetric characteristics of previous point‐to‐surface distance measures, but their critical incapability of dealing with a fold or concave contours. In this regard, a new distance measure termed the bidirectional local distance (BLD) is proposed which minimizes errors of the previous methods by taking into account the bidirectional characteristics with the forward and backward directions. BLD measure works through three steps which calculate the maximum value between the forward minimum distance (FMinD) and the backward maximum distance (BMaxD) at each point. The first step calculates the FMinD as the minimum distance to the test surface from a point,pref on the reference surface. The second step involves calculating the minimum distances at every point on the test surface to the reference surface. During the last step, the BMaxD is calculated as the maximum distance among the minimum distances found at pref on the reference surface. Tests are performed on two‐ and three‐dimensional artificial contour sets in comparison to MD and ND measure techniques. Three‐dimensional tests performed on actual liver and head‐and‐neck cancer patients.Results:The proposed BLD measure provides local distances between segmentations, even in situations where ND, MD, or ComGrad measures fail. In particular, the standard deviation measure is not distorted at certain geometries where ND, MD, and ComGrad measures report skewed results.Conclusions:The proposed measure provides more reliable statistics on contour comparisons. From the statistics, specific local and global distances can be extracted. Bidirectional local distance is a reliable distance measure in comparing two‐ or three‐dimensional organ segmentations.