bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of diabetes with amnestic and nonamnestic mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Roberts Rosebud O. , Knopman David S. , Geda Yonas E. , Cha Ruth H. , Pankratz V. Shane , Baertlein Luke , Boeve Bradley F. , Tangalos Eric G. , Ivnik Robert J. , Mielke Michelle M. , Petersen Ronald C. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundType 2 diabetes may increase the risk of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) through Alzheimer's disease (AD)‐related and vascular pathology and may also increase the risk of nonamnestic MCI (naMCI) through vascular disease mechanisms. We examined the association of type 2 diabetes with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and MCI subtype (aMCI and naMCI) overall and by sex.MethodsParticipants were Olmsted County, Minnesota residents (70 years and older) enrolled in a prospective, population‐based study. At baseline and every 15 months thereafter, participants were evaluated using the Clinical Dementia Rating scale, a neurological evaluation, and neuropsychological testing for a diagnosis of normal cognition, MCI, and dementia by a consensus panel. Type 2 diabetes was ascertained from the medical records of participants at baseline.ResultsOver a median 4.0 years of follow‐up, 348 of 1450 subjects developed MCI. Type 2 diabetes was associated (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval]) with MCI (1.39 [1.08–1.79]), aMCI (1.58 [1.17–2.15]; multiple domain: 1.58 [1.01–2.47]; single domain: 1.49 [1.09–2.05]), and the hazard ratio for naMCI was elevated (1.37 [0.84–2.24]). Diabetes was strongly associated with multiple‐domain aMCI in men (2.42 [1.31–4.48]) and an elevated risk of multiple domain naMCI in men (2.11 [0.70–6.33]), and with single domain naMCI in women (2.32 [1.04–5.20]).ConclusionsDiabetes was associated with an increased risk of MCI in elderly persons. The association of diabetes with MCI may vary with subtype, number of domains, and sex. Prevention and control of diabetes may reduce the risk of MCI and Alzheimer's disease.
Microbleeds in the logopenic variant of primary progressive aphasia
Authors: Whitwell Jennifer L. , Jack Clifford R. , Duffy Joseph R. , Strand Edythe A. , Gunter Jeffrey L. , Senjem Matthew L. , Murphy Matthew C. , Kantarci Kejal , Machulda Mary M. , Lowe Val J. , Josephs Keith A. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundMicrobleeds have been associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), although it is unclear whether they occur in atypical presentations of AD, such as the logopenic variant of primary progressive aphasia (lvPPA). We aimed to assess the presence and clinical correlates of microbleeds in lvPPA.MethodsThirteen lvPPA subjects underwent 3T T2*‐weighted and fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging and Pittsburgh compound B (PiB) positron emission tomography imaging. Microbleeds were identified on manual review and assigned a regional location. Total and regional white matter hyperintensity (WMH) burden was measured.ResultsMicrobleeds were observed in four lvPPA subjects (31%), most commonly in the frontal lobe. Subjects with microbleeds were older, more likely female, and had a greater burden of WMH than those without microbleeds. The regional distribution of microbleeds did not match the regional distribution of WMH. All cases were PiB positive.ConclusionsMicrobleeds occur in approximately one third of subjects with lvPPA, with older women at the highest risk.
A Middle Jurassic (Bajocian) ophthalmosaurid (Reptilia, Ichthyosauria) from the Tuxedni Formation, Alaska and the early diversification of the clade
Authors: DRUCKENMILLER PATRICK S. , MAXWELL ERIN E. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractOphthalmosauridae is a clade of derived thunniform ichthyosaurs that are best known from Callovian (late Middle Jurassic) to Cenomanian-aged (Late Cretaceous) deposits in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. Ophthalmosaurids arose prior to the Early–Middle Jurassic boundary, however, very little is known about their diversity and distribution in the earliest phase of their evolutionary history during the Aalenian–Bathonian (Middle Jurassic) interval. Here we describe new diagnostic ophthalmosaurid material from the Early Bajocian (Middle Jurassic) of Alaska. The specimen, UAMES 3411, is a partial disarticulated skull that was discovered in the Middle Jurassic Tuxedni Formation, which was deposited in shallow marine settings outboard of the then-accreting Wrangellia composite terrane. The new material is significant in that it is the first Jurassic ichthyosaur described from Alaska, one of the oldest ophthalmosaurids known and the only Middle Jurassic ophthalmosaurid described from the Northern Hemisphere. The new material adds to a rapidly growing data set on ophthalmosaurid diversity and suggests that the clade was geographically widespread by the Early Bajocian, very early in its evolutionary history.
Do Melastomataceae perform CAM photosynthesis? A survey of neotropical species using carbon isotope ratios
Authors: Ocampo Gilberto , Almeda Frank 
Published: April 2013

Abstract:Leaf anatomical and carbon isotope ratio (δ13C) data from previous studies suggest that the species of the Melastomataceae perform C3 photosynthesis and that leaf anatomical features of some epiphytic taxa resemble the characteristics found in CAM plants. The δ13C values of 67 species of neotropical Melastomataceae (including epiphytes) were obtained from herbarium material deposited at the California Academy of Sciences for assessing the presence of the CAM pathway. The δ13C values obtained from leaves (−23.4‰ to −34.5‰) were congruent with C3 photosynthesis (< −20‰), and the δ13C data from terrestrial (56 samples) and epiphytic species (11 samples) were not statistically different. Our results suggest that CAM photosynthesis is not found in neotropical Melastomataceae. The leaf anatomical features found in some species of Melastomataceae represent adaptations to cope with water stress and are not necessarily correlated with CAM photosynthesis. Photosynthetic pathways can be assessed with the use of leaf anatomical and δ13C data, but further biochemical assays are warranted to corroborate the absence of the CAM pathway in the Melastomataceae.
‘Honourable Men’: West German Industrialists and the Role of Honour and Honour Courts in the Adenauer Era
Authors: GRÜNBACHER ARMIN 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis article argues that traditional conceptions of honour and the social practices based on them were both persistent yet at the same time very fragile and changeable amongst post-war German steel industrialists. After a brief overview of how bourgeois honour developed up to the early 1950s, a study of the honour court case of one of the leading men of heavy industry, Hermann Reusch of Gutehoffnungshütte, which ran from 1947 to 1949, will be presented. This is followed by a description of the ultimately unsuccessful attempt by the Wirtschaftsvereinigung Eisen und Stahl to establish honour councils to enforce a price policy across the association. Both cases highlight the rapidly changing social and economic culture in West Germany in the early 1960s.
The dynamic bacterial communities of a melting High Arctic glacier snowpack
Authors: Hell Katherina , Edwards Arwyn , Zarsky Jakub , Podmirseg Sabine M , Girdwood Susan , Pachebat Justin A , Insam Heribert , Sattler Birgit 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Snow environments can occupy over a third of land surface area, but little is known about the dynamics of snowpack bacteria. The effect of snow melt on bacterial community structure and diversity of surface environments of a Svalbard glacier was examined using analyses of 16S rRNA genes via T-RFLP, qPCR and 454 pyrosequencing. Distinct community structures were found in different habitat types, with changes over 1 week apparent, in particular for the dominant bacterial class present, Betaproteobacteria. The differences observed were consistent with influences from depositional mode (snowfall vs aeolian dusts), contrasting snow with dust-rich snow layers and near-surface ice. Contrary to that, slush as the decompositional product of snow harboured distinct lineages of bacteria, further implying post-depositional changes in community structure. Taxa affiliated to the betaproteobacterial genus Polaromonas were particularly dynamic, and evidence for the presence of betaproteobacterial ammonia-oxidizing bacteria was uncovered, inviting the prospect that the dynamic bacterial communities associated with snowpacks may be active in supraglacial nitrogen cycling and capable of rapid responses to changes induced by snowmelt. Furthermore the potential of supraglacial snowpack ecosystems to respond to transient yet spatially extensive melting episodes such as that observed across most of Greenland’s ice sheet in 2012 merits further investigation.
Lumbar Facet Resurfacing
Authors: de Kelft Erik V. 
Published: April 2013

Study Design:
This is a feasibility study to confirm the design, patient population, and the surgical technique for FENIX implants.

Objective:
This study evaluated the safety and the clinical and radiologic performance of bilaterally implanted FENIX facet resurfacing device.

Introduction:
Facet joint osteoarthritis is responsible for up to 30% of chronic low back pain. Arthroplasty is a surgical treatment option that aims to relieve pain while maintaining or restoring motion.

Methods:
A total of 8 consecutive patients with proven single segmental bilateral lumbar facet joint osteoarthritis as unique pain generator received a bilateral implantation of the FENIX device. Correct device placement and mobility preservation were assessed on x-ray at 6 weeks and at 6, 12, and 24 months after implantation. Magnetic resonance imaging at 12 and 24 months after surgery assessed the bony ingrowth and computed tomography-single photon emision computed tomography was repeated at 6 months to assess evolution of the preoperative inflamed facet joints. The Oswestry disability index, pain visual analogue scale, and the need for analgesic medication were the parameters used for clinical assessment.

Results:
At 24 months after surgery, 7 of the 8 patients were found to have all implants in place and all assessed parameters were found to be normal. Patients experienced significant pain relief and functionality improvement. Mobility was maintained and no Modic changes were noted, either at the index or at the adjacent levels. No “hot” lesions at the implanted levels were observed on computed tomography-single photon emision computed tomography. One of the 48 (2%) implants was found to be dislocated at 6 months follow-up.

Conclusions:
The FENIX facet resurfacing technique might be considered in the future as a surgical treatment of well-selected patients suffering from chronic low back pain because of facet joint osteoarthritis. A modification of the superior implant should provide an initial firm fixation preventing implant dislocation.
A novel framework to study colour signalling to multiple species
Authors: Renoult Julien P. , Courtiol Alexandre , Schaefer H. Martin 
Published: April 2013

Summary

The overwhelming focus of studies on communication has been on interactions among conspecifics. However, communication is often selected by a complex network of disparate intended perceivers and eavesdroppers belonging to multiple species. Shifting towards a multiple‐perceiver paradigm requires a framework to compare the perception of signals across the different community members. Here, we present the stimulation landscape, a generalist model that achieves this goal.

A stimulation landscape consists of a multidimensional space describing every possible stimulus for a given signalling system, to which is added one dimension indicating for each stimulus its conspicuousness for a given perceiver. Random sampling of stimuli in the landscape then allows computing a reference distribution of conspicuousness, which is used to standardize the observed conspicuousness.

The stimulation landscapes corresponding to the different perceivers participating in a communication system all have the same dimensionality and scaling. They can thus be combined to describe the amalgamation of the selective forces exerted on a signal by the distinct sensory systems of multiple perceivers.

We detail the model in the context of colour signalling and apply it to the case of sexual communication in songbirds. Songbirds have a different visual system than their main predators, the birds of prey. We therefore asked whether songbirds evolved colour signals that can mediate the trade‐off between sexual selection exerted by conspecifics and natural selection exerted by birds of prey. We show that yellow – not ultraviolet colours as previously thought – maximize the difference of conspicuousness to songbirds and to birds of prey, but that the perceptual similarities between these two groups generally hamper the evolution of private visual communication in songbirds.

The stimulation landscape is a valuable tool to investigate the role of communication in structuring the large networks of interactions between species. We further show that the stimulation landscape is related to the evolutionary model of adaptive landscape. By explicitly addressing communication in a community context, the stimulation landscape contributes to bridge the current gap between evolution and ecology.
Habitat fragmentation and reproductive success: a structural equation modelling approach
Authors: Le Tortorec Eric , Helle Samuli , Käyhkö Niina , Suorsa Petri , Huhta Esa , Hakkarainen Harri 
Published: April 2013

Summary

There is great interest on the effects of habitat fragmentation, whereby habitat is lost and the spatial configuration of remaining habitat patches is altered, on individual breeding performance. However, we still lack consensus of how this important process affects reproductive success, and whether its effects are mainly due to reduced fecundity or nestling survival.

The main reason for this may be the way that habitat fragmentation has been previously modelled. Studies have treated habitat loss and altered spatial configuration as two independent processes instead of as one hierarchical and interdependent process, and therefore have not been able to consider the relative direct and indirect effects of habitat loss and altered spatial configuration.

We investigated how habitat (i.e. old forest) fragmentation, caused by intense forest harvesting at the territory and landscape scales, is associated with the number of fledged offspring of an area‐sensitive passerine, the Eurasian treecreeper (Certhia familiaris). We used structural equation modelling (SEM) to examine the complex hierarchical associations between habitat loss and altered spatial configuration on the number of fledged offspring, by controlling for individual condition and weather conditions during incubation.

Against generally held expectations, treecreeper reproductive success did not show a significant association with habitat fragmentation measured at the territory scale. Instead, our analyses suggested that an increasing amount of habitat at the landscape scale caused a significant increase in nest predation rates, leading to reduced reproductive success. This effect operated directly on nest predation rates, instead of acting indirectly through altered spatial configuration.

Because habitat amount and configuration are inherently strongly collinear, particularly when multiple scales are considered, our study demonstrates the usefulness of a SEM approach for hierarchical partitioning of habitat amount vs. habitat configuration in landscape ecology that may have bearing on biological conclusions.
Reflections on knowledge and experience
Authors: Colman Warren 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAs analysts become more experienced, theoretical knowledge becomes more integrated and implicit and is gradually transformed into the practical wisdom (phronesis) described by Aristotle. While this leads to greater freedom in ways of working, it remains conditional on the consistent disciplined practice represented by the analytic attitude. In the context of my own development as an analyst, I suggest that increasingly the analyst works from the self rather than the ego and link this with Fordham's account of ‘not knowing beforehand’. Some implications for boundaries, enactment and the use of personal disclosure are discussed in relation to clinical material. I compare analysis with the wisdom traditions of religious practice and suggest that analysis is concerned with a way of living rooted in humane values of compassion and benevolence.
National survey of knowledge, attitude and practice of fibromyalgia among rheumatologists in China
Authors: Mu Rong , Li Chun , Zhu Jia‐Xin , Zhang Xiao‐Ying , Duan Tian‐Jiao , Feng Min , Wang Guo‐Chun , Zhang Feng‐Chun , Li Zhan‐Guo 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAimFibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic disorder characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain and fatigue. It is a less frequently diagnosed disease in China, thus Chinese rheumatologists may have lower awareness of FM compared with colleagues in Western countries. The aim of this study is to investigate the perceptions of FM in Chinese rheumatologists and analyze their therapeutic approach in clinical practice.MethodAn anonymous questionnaire survey was conducted among a nationwide sample of Chinese rheumatologists at the 15th National Rheumatology Conference in 2010. The 20‐question survey included questions regarding background, work experience, perceptions of diagnosis and behaviors of treatment related to FM. Continuing medical education (CME) information was also collected in the survey.ResultsSeven hundred and seven rheumatologists responded to the questionnaire, a response rate of 60%. Less than one‐fifth of the respondents were experienced in dealing with FM. Although most of the respondents regarded FM as a distinct pathological entity, nearly 30% of Chinese rheumatologists believed that FM was only a psychological disorder. The respondents recognized some of the FM‐related symptoms, but had limited knowledge on the diagnostic criteria. Eighty percent of the respondents declared they had difficulties in treating FM patients. However, nearly all (90.8%) respondents believed that the prognosis of FM patients was usually benign. Our data also showed that most Chinese rheumatologists were eager for CME on FM.ConclusionThe awareness and perception of FM are still low among Chinese rheumatologists. CME on FM is needed for improving the quality of health care in China.
Corona mortis: Anatomical data and clinical considerations
Authors: Stavropoulou‐Deli Alcestis , Anagnostopoulou Sofia 
Published: April 2013

BackgroundMinimally invasive procedures, such as the TVT‐Secur™, have been linked to injury to the corona mortis. Injury during the insertion of the TVT‐Secur™ happens due to the vessel's position close to the place of the margin (25–30 mm from the symphysis pubis).AimsSystematic description of the aberrant vessel anatomy so as to help gynaecologists determine the risk of peri‐ and postoperative complications during the TVT‐Secur™ and related procedures.MethodsIn a cadaver study, the lesser pelvis of ten female cadavers with venous or arterial coronae mortis was dissected. The origin, diameter and course of the aberrant vessels, as well as the distance from the symphysis pubis, were documented.ResultsArterial coronae mortis were found in eight hemipelvises. All vessels originated from the ipsilateral inferior epigastric artery and all crossed over the superior pubic rami. Average distance from the symphysis pubis was 52.4 mm. Average vessel diameter was 3 mm. Venous coronae mortis were identified in ten hemipelvises. Eight drained into the external iliac and four into the inferior epigastric artery. Nine vessels crossed over the superior pubic rami. Average distance from the symphysis pubis was 46.7 mm. Average vessel diameter was 3.13 mm.ConclusionAlthough individual variation makes direct contact with the vessel possible, in most cases there is a window of eight millimetres at least between the margin of the TVT‐Secur™ and most aberrant veins. Possible aberrant arteries seem to lie even further.
An argument for reframing debates about corruption: Insights from Papua New Guinea
Authors: Walton Grant W. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThere have been few attempts to identify the way different perspectives of corruption are employed in Papua New Guinea (PNG). The paucity of such analysis makes it difficult to identify the way scholars and policy‐makers understand corruption in the country, in turn leading to potentially poor targeting of anti‐corruption programmes. This article categorises perspectives of corruption that are found in academic and policy accounts of PNG. It finds that this literature is marked by an over‐reliance on ‘mainstream’ Western interpretations of the definition, causes and solutions to corruption. In turn, it is argued that there is an important role that ‘critical’ and culturally aware academics can play in reframing debates about corruption in PNG and the Pacific.
Aurora B inhibitor barasertib and cytarabine exert a greater‐than‐additive cytotoxicity in acute myeloid leukemia cells
Authors: Yamauchi Takahiro , Uzui Kanako , Shigemi Hiroko , Negoro Eiju , Yoshida Akira , Ueda Takanori 
Published: April 2013

Barasertib, an aurora B inhibitor, terminates cell division, introduces polyploidy, and consequently causes apoptosis. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of the combination of barasertib and cytarabine (ara‐C), a key agent for leukemia chemotherapy, on leukemic cells in vitro. Human leukemia HL‐60 cells and HL‐60/ara‐C20 cells, a 20‐fold ara‐C‐resistant variant, were used. The 50% growth inhibitory concentrations of an active metabolite of barasertib, barasertib‐hydroxyquinazoline‐pyrazol‐aniline (Barasertib‐HQPA), and ara‐C were 51 nM and 300 nM for HL‐60 cells and 70 nM and 5300 nM for HL‐60/ara‐C20 cells, respectively. Barasertib‐HQPA induced polyploidy with a subsequent induction of sub‐G1 phase apoptosis, indicating the M‐phase specific cytotoxicity. Cells treated with the S‐phase specific ara‐C accumulated in S phase and subsequently died through apoptosis. When HL‐60 cells were treated with barasertib‐HQPA and ara‐C in combination, a greater‐than‐additive apoptosis was induced. This enhancement was obtained when the cells were treated with barasertib‐HQPA prior to ara‐C (37.9% sub‐G1) or with both concurrently (31.2% sub‐G1), but not with ara‐C prior to barasertib‐HQPA (17.8% sub‐G1). The combination effects were similarly obtained in HL‐60/ara‐C20 cells with 19.7% sub‐G1 for barasertib‐HQPA→ara‐C, 18.4% sub‐G1 for both concurrently, and 13.8% sub‐G1 for ara‐C→barasertib‐HQPA, and another leukemic U937 cells with 25.4% sub‐G1 for barasertib‐HQPA→ara‐C, 28.2% sub‐G1 for both concurrently, and 16.0% sub‐G1 for ara‐C→barasertib‐HQPA. Barasertib‐HQPA inhibited aurora B autophosphorylation and histone H3 phosphorylation in all the cell lines. Barasertib‐HQPA did not inhibit DNA synthesis, allowing ara‐C incorporation into DNA for its cytotoxicity. Thus, barasertib‐HQPA and ara‐C provided a greater‐than‐additive cytotoxicity in leukemic cells in vitro.