bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of white pine blister rust to limber pine in Colorado and Wyoming, USA
Authors: Kearns H. S. J. , Jacobi W. R. , Reich R. M. , Flynn R. L. , Burns K. S. , Geils B. W. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryCronartium ribicola, the introduced pathogen that causes white pine blister rust (WPBR), continues to spread to additional limber pine populations in the Southern Rocky Mountains of Colorado and Wyoming. Because WPBR can severely impact ecosystems, forecasts of its potential distribution and incidence would be useful to land managers. Site and climate data from long infested study areas in Wyoming were fit with two regression models [logistic and classification and regression trees (CART)] to determine the environmental conditions associated with the distribution of WPBR. These models were then used to map limber pine stands at risk of infestation by C. ribicola throughout Wyoming (where it has long occurred) and Colorado (where it is just becoming established). Although variables representing vegetation and landform could identify infested plots, 1‐km‐scale climate variables for monthly temperature and moisture were better predictors of current WPBR distribution and were available for mapping expected future distribution across the region. Of 280 485 ha where limber pine was projected to occur in Colorado, 41% was forecast by the logistic model to be at risk of infestation, and 53%, by the CART model. Of an estimated 782 229 ha in Wyoming with limber pine, the logistic model projected 61% to be at risk; CART projected 79%. Additional regression models were fit with site and climate data to predict WPBR incidence (per cent of trees infected) and intensification (incidence/age of the oldest canker). Nearly one half of the plot‐to‐plot variation in incidence was explained using environmental variables readily available to land managers. Although mean plot incidence increased over time, mean intensification decreased 50% per decade. This work provides managers with several tools to reduce uncertainty over the expected distribution and incidence of WPBR, but surveillance and monitoring remain prudent activities for supplementing forecasts of WPBR epidemics.
A randomized controlled trial of vocational intervention for young people with first‐episode psychosis: method
Authors: Killackey Eóin , Allott Kelly , Cotton Susan M. , Jackson Henry , Scutella Rosanna , Tseng Yi‐Ping , Borland Jeff , Proffitt Tina‐Marie , Hunt Sally , Kay‐Lambkin Frances , Chinnery Gina , Baksheev Gennady , Alvarez‐Jimenez Mario , McGorry Patrick D. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAimYoung people who are experiencing first‐episode psychosis (FEP) are at increased risk of being unemployed compared to either their same age peers in the general population, or those with other mental illnesses. Significant research has been conducted examining employment interventions for those with chronic psychotic illness. This has yielded strong results in favour of an intervention called individual placement and support (IPS). However, significantly less work has examined the benefit of this approach to those in FEP when the potential for vocational rehabilitation is perhaps greater. This study adds to the knowledge of vocational intervention in first‐episode psychotic illness. Additionally, it expands this work into the areas of cognition, social cognition, social inclusion and economics.MethodsThe study is a single‐blind, randomized controlled trial comparing receiving high‐quality FEP treatment as usual plus IPS (IPS + TAU) to a FEP treatment as usual (TAU) intervention alone within a specialized FEP service.ResultsThe study recruited 146 people attending a first‐episode psychosis service over 2 years. They were assessed at baseline, 6 months (end of intervention) 12 and 18 months with a battery covering psychopathology, economic, demographic, social cognitive, cognitive and diagnostic variables.ConclusionsThis paper describes the methodology for the largest attempted study of IPS in FEP. This study has the capacity to answer questions about the benefits on illness and economic impacts of vocational recovery in FEP. Further, it has the capacity to extend knowledge about the contribution of cognitive and social cognitive factors to recovery in this domain.
Turn costs change the value of animal search paths
Authors: Wilson R. P. , Griffiths I. W. , Legg P. A. , Friswell M. I. , Bidder O. R. , Halsey L. G. , Lambertucci S. A. , Shepard E. L. C. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe tortuosity of the track taken by an animal searching for food profoundly affects search efficiency, which should be optimised to maximise net energy gain. Models examining this generally describe movement as a series of straight steps interspaced by turns, and implicitly assume no turn costs. We used both empirical‐ and modelling‐based approaches to show that the energetic costs for turns in both terrestrial and aerial locomotion are substantial, which calls into question the value of conventional movement models such as correlated random walk or Lévy walk for assessing optimum path types. We show how, because straight‐line travel is energetically most efficient, search strategies should favour constrained turn angles, with uninformed foragers continuing in straight lines unless the potential benefits of turning offset the cost.
How species richness and total abundance constrain the distribution of abundance
Authors: Locey Kenneth J. , White Ethan P. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe species abundance distribution (SAD) is one of the most intensively studied distributions in ecology and its hollow‐curve shape is one of ecology's most general patterns. We examine the SAD in the context of all possible forms having the same richness (S) and total abundance (N), i.e. the feasible set. We find that feasible sets are dominated by similarly shaped hollow curves, most of which are highly correlated with empirical SADs (most R2 values > 75%), revealing a strong influence of N and S on the form of the SAD and an a priori explanation for the ubiquitous hollow curve. Empirical SADs are often more hollow and less variable than the majority of the feasible set, revealing exceptional unevenness and relatively low natural variability among ecological communities. We discuss the importance of the feasible set in understanding how general constraints determine observable variation and influence the forms of predicted and empirical patterns.
Back to the future: evolving bacteriophages to increase their effectiveness against the pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1
Authors: Betts Alex , Vasse Marie , Kaltz Oliver , Hochberg Michael E. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAntibiotic resistance is becoming increasingly problematic for the treatment of infectious disease in both humans and livestock. The bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa is often found to be resistant to multiple antibiotics and causes high patient mortality in hospitals. Bacteriophages represent a potential option to combat pathogenic bacteria through their application in phage therapy. Here, we capitalize on previous studies showing how evolution may increase phage infection capacity relative to ancestral genotypes. We passaged four different phage isolates (podoviridae, myoviridae) through six serial transfers on the ancestral strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. We first demonstrate that repeated serial passage on ancestral bacteria increases infection capacity of bacteriophage on ancestral hosts and on those evolved for one transfer. This result is confirmed when examining the ability of evolved phage to reduce ancestral host population sizes. Second, through interaction with a single bacteriophage for 24 h, P. aeruginosa can evolve resistance to the ancestor of that bacteriophage; this also provides these evolved bacteria with cross‐resistance to the other three bacteriophages. We discuss how the evolutionary training of phages could be employed as effective means of combatting bacterial infections or disinfecting surfaces in hospital settings, with reduced risk of bacterial resistance compared with conventional methods.
Leveraging social semantic components in executable environments for learning
Authors: Damiano Rossana , Gena Cristina , Lombardo Vincenzo 
Published: July 2013

AbstractLearning can benefit from the modern Web structure through the convergence of top‐down encyclopedic institutional knowledge and bottom‐up user‐generated annotations. A promising approach to such convergence consists in leveraging the social functionalities in 3.0 executable environments through the recommendation of tags with the mediation of lexical and semantic resources.This paper addresses such issues through the design and evaluation of a tag recommendation system in a Web 3.0 Web portal, ‘150 Digit’. Designed for schools, 150 Digit encourages students and teachers to interact with a set of four exhibitions on the historical and social aspects of the Italian unification process in a virtual environment. The website displays the exhibits and their related documents promoting the users' active participation through tagging, voting and commenting on the exhibits. Tags become a way for students to create and explore new relations among the site contents, orthogonal to the institutional viewpoint. In this paper, we illustrate the recommendation strategy incorporated in 150 Digit, which relies on a semantic middleware to mediate between the input expressed by the users through tags and the top‐down institutional classification provided by the curators of the exhibitions. Following this, we describe the evaluation process conducted in a real experimental setting and discuss the evaluation results and their implications for learning environments.
Dual effect of cAMP agonist on ameliorative function of PKA inhibitor in morphine‐dependent mice
Authors: Seyedi Seyedeh Y. , Salehi Forouz , Payandemehr Borna , Hossein Sara , Hosseini‐Zare Mahshid S. , Nassireslami Ehsan , Yazdi Behnoosh B. , Sharifzadeh Mohammad 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe present study shows interactive effects of bucladesine (db‐cAMP) as a cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) agonist and H‐89 as a protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor on naloxone‐induced withdrawal signs in morphine‐dependent mice. Animals were treated subcutaneously with morphine thrice daily with doses progressively increased from 50 to 125 mg/kg. A last dose of morphine (50 mg/kg) was administered on the 4th day. Several withdrawal signs were precipitated by intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of naloxone (5 mg/kg). Different doses of bucladesine (50, 100, 200 nm/mouse) and H‐89 (0.05, 0.5, 1, 5 mg/kg) were administered (i.p.) 60 min before naloxone injection. In combination groups, bucladesine was injected 15 min before H‐89 injection. Single administration of H‐89 (0.5, 1, 5 mg/kg) and bucladesine (50, 100 nm/mouse) significantly attenuated prominent behavioral signs of morphine withdrawal. Lower doses of bucladesine (50, 100 nm/mouse) in combination with H‐89 (0.05 mg/kg) increased the inhibitory effects of H‐89 on withdrawal signs while in high dose (200 nm/mouse) decreased the ameliorative function of H‐89 (0.05 mg/kg) in morphine‐dependent animals. It is concluded that H‐89 and bucladesine could affect morphine withdrawal syndrome via possible interaction with cyclic nucleotide messengering systems, protein kinase A signaling pathways, and modified related neurotransmitters.
Otolith biochronologies as multidecadal indicators of body size anomalies in yellowfin sole (Limanda aspera)
Authors: Black Bryan A. , Matta Mary E. , Helser Thomas E. , Wilderbuer Thomas K. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractDendrochronology (tree‐ring analysis) techniques have been increasingly applied to generate biochronologies from the otolith growth‐increment widths of marine and freshwater fish species. These time series strongly relate to instrumental climate records and are presumed to reflect interannual variability in mean fish condition or size. However, the relationship of these otolith chronologies to fish somatic growth has not been well described. Here, this issue was addressed using yellowfin sole (Limanda aspera) in the eastern Bering Sea, for which a 43‐yr otolith chronology was developed from 47 otoliths and compared with body size for 6943 individuals collected in 1987, 1994, and 1999 through 2006. Among several metrics of size normalized for age and sex, average body mass index (defined as weight/length) had the strongest relationship to the otolith chronology, especially when the chronology was averaged over the 5 yr preceding fish capture date (R2 = 0.88; P < 0.001). Overall, sample‐wide anomalies in otolith growth reflected sample‐wide anomalies in body size. These findings suggest that otolith chronologies could be used as proxies of body size in data‐poor regions or to hind‐cast somatic growth patterns prior to the start of fisheries sampling programs.
Habitat differentiation between sei (Balaenoptera borealis) and Bryde's whales (B. brydei) in the western North Pacific
Authors: Sasaki Hiroko , Murase Hiroto , Kiwada Hiroshi , Matsuoka Koji , Mitani Yoko , Saitoh Sei‐ichi 
Published: July 2013

AbstractTwo closely related baleen whale species, sei and Bryde's whales, in the western North Pacific were studied to identify differences in habitat use. Data were obtained from May to August 2004 and 2005. This study examined the relationship between oceanographic features derived from satellite data and the distribution of sei and Bryde's whales using basic statistics. We investigated oceanographic features including sea surface temperature (SST), sea surface chlorophyll a (Chl‐a), sea surface height anomalies (SSHAs), and depth of the habitat. These two whale species used habitats with different SST, Chl‐a, and SSHA ranges. The 0.25 mg m−3 Chl‐a contour (similar to the definition of the Transition Zone Chlorophyll Front) was a good indicator that separated the habitats of sei and Bryde's whales. Then generalized linear models were used to model the probabilities that the whale species would be present in a habitat and to estimate their habitat distribution throughout the study area as a function of environmental variables. The potential habitats of the two species were clearly divided, and the boundary moved north with seasonal progression. The habitat partitioning results indicated that SST contributed to the patterns of habitat‐use and might reflect differences in prey species between the two whales. This study showed that the habitats of the sei and Bryde's whales were clearly divided and their potential habitat‐use changed seasonally.
Interannual and spatial variation in the population genetic composition of young‐of‐the‐year Pacific ocean perch (Sebastes alutus) in the Gulf of Alaska
Authors: Kamin Lisa M. , Palof Katie J. , Heifetz Jonathan , Gharrett Anthony J. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractLittle is known about the population structure of Alaskan rockfishes, including Pacific ocean perch (POP, Sebastes alutus), and how persistent and variable oceanographic features may influence their structures. Moreover, early life history information is sparse for many species. We used data from 14 microsatellite loci to characterize the genetic structure of young‐of‐the‐year Pacific ocean perch collected during 1998–2003 from the Gulf of Alaska and Bering Sea. Broad‐scale geographic variation in genetic structure of the young‐of‐the‐year (FST = 0.005, P < 10−4) had similarities to that observed in a previous adult study. The overall correlation between genetic and geographic distance (isolation by distance) was nearly identical to that observed in the adults. Fine‐scale geographic divergence was also observed and may be the result of oceanographic circulation features within the Gulf of Alaska. Interannual variation (between cohorts) at locations sampled in more than one year is consistent with variable oceanography and fine‐scale population structure rather than the influence of a sweepstakes effect. The similarities of the young‐of‐the‐year with the adults and the pattern of genetic divergence confirm that dispersal of Pacific ocean perch is limited in all life stages.
Urban Markets in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Ikioda Faith Ossy 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAn emerging body of work on farmers markets and other traditional retail markets has recently come into focus among scholars concerned with the study of contemporary retailing and consumption practices. Marketplaces in Euro‐American contexts are currently promoted as essential elements of urban renaissance, promoting local food movements, tourism and economic regeneration and encouraging face‐to‐face interactions among increasingly diverse ethnic groups in towns and cities. At the same time, the study of marketplaces which has long been of interest to scholars working in the global south is primarily portrayed through a lens of developmentalism as archaic and embroiled in a narrative about the poverty of traders and urban informality, thus limiting the latter's contributions to the critical retailing and consumption literature. This paper explores the case of marketplaces in Lagos, Nigeria, to comments on the challenges and possibilities for making meaningful comparative research that connect marketplaces across the global north–south divide.
Boiling as a mechanism for colour zonations observed at the Byrud emerald deposit, Eidsvoll, Norway: fluid inclusion, stable isotope and Ar–Ar studies
Authors: Loughrey L. , Marshall D. , Ihlen P. , Jones P. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe Byrud emerald deposit comprises pegmatite veins hosted within Cambrian black shales and Late Carboniferous quartz syenite sills intruded by a Permo‐Triassic riebeckite granite. The emerald deposit genesis is consistent with a typical granite‐related emerald vein system derived from dominantly magmatic fluids with minor contributions from metamorphic source(s). Muscovite from an emerald‐bearing pegmatite at Byrud yielded an excellent Ar–Ar plateau age of 233.4 ± 2.0 Ma. Emerald display colour zonation alternating between emerald and beryl. Two dominant fluid inclusions types are identified as follows: two‐phase (vapour+liquid) and three‐phase (brine+vapour+halite) fluid inclusions and these are interpreted to represent conjugate fluids of a boiling system. The emerald was precipitated from these saline fluids with approximate overall salinities on the order of 31 mass per cent NaCl equivalent. Raman analyses indicate molar gas fractions for CO2, N2, CH4 and H2S are approximately 0.8974, 0.0261, 0.0354 and 0.0410, respectively. Formational temperatures and pressures of approximately 160–385°C and below 1000 bars were derived from fluid inclusion data and lithostatic pressure estimates from fluid inclusion studies within the Oslo rift. The colour zonation observed in the Byrud emerald crystals is related to alternating emerald and beryl precipitation in the liquid and vapour portions, respectively, of a two‐phase (boiling) system.
Pleiotropic effects of acyltransferases on various virulence‐related phenotypes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Yeom Doo Hwan , Kim Soo‐Kyoung , Lee Mi‐Nan , Lee Joon‐Hee 
Published: July 2013

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an opportunistic pathogen causing various infections, expresses various virulence factors under the control of quorum sensing (QS), a cell density–sensing mechanism. Because the major signal molecules of QS are acyl homoserine lactones (acyl‐HSLs), acyltransferases, the enzymes that act upon acyl group transfer could affect the QS signaling and QS‐related virulence phenotypes. In this study, we overexpressed acyltransferases of P. aeruginosa and screened them for the activity influencing the QS and QS‐related virulence phenotypes. Among seven acyltransferases tested in this study, two acyltransferases, PA3984 (apolipoprotein N‐acyltransferase) and PA2537 (putative acyltransferase), significantly affected both growth of P. aeruginosa and the activity of LasR, a major QS regulator, when overexpressed. These acyltransferases also reduced virulence and swarming motility of P. aeruginosa. The other acyltransferase, PA3646 (UDP‐3‐O‐[3‐hydroxylauroyl] glucosamine N‐acyltransferase), reduced the LasR activity, swarming motility, protease production and virulence without any influence on growth. These effects by PA3646 over‐expression were caused by less production of QS signal. PA3644 (UDP‐N‐acetylglucosamine acyltransferase) enhanced biofilm formation and swarming motility with no effect on the growth and QS activity. These results suggest that acyltransferases may be an important factor regulating the cellular activity about virulence‐related phenotypes.
Identifying wound prevalence using the Mobile Wound Care program
Authors: Walker Judi , Cullen Marianne , Chambers Helen , Mitchell Eleanor , Steers Nicole , Khalil Hanan 
Published: July 2013

AbstractMeasuring the prevalence of wounds within health care systems is a challenging and complex undertaking. This is often compounded by the clinicians' training, the availability of the required data to collect, incomplete documentation and lack of reporting of this type of data across the various health care settings. To date, there is little published data on wound prevalence across regions or states. This study aims to identify the number and types of wounds treated in the Gippsland area using the Mobile Wound Care (MWC™) program. The MWC program has enabled clinicians in Gippsland to collect data on wounds managed by district nurses from four health services. The main outcomes measured were patient characteristics, wound characteristics and treatment characteristics of wounds in Gippsland. These data create several clinical and research opportunities. The identification of predominant wound aetiologies in Gippsland provides a basis on which to determine a regional wound prospective and the impact of the regional epidemiology. Training that incorporates best practice guidelines can be tailored to the most prevalent wound types. Clinical pathways that encompass the Australian and New Zealand clinical practice guidelines for the management of venous leg ulcers can be introduced and the clinical and economical outcomes can be quantitatively measured. The MWC allows healing times (days) to be benchmarked both regionally and against established literature, for example, venous leg ulcers.