bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetical Analysis of All Danish Patients Diagnosed with Chronic Granulomatous Disease
Authors: Jakobsen M. A. , Katzenstein T. L. , Valerius N. H. , Roos D. , Fisker N. , Mogensen T. H. , Jensen P. Ø. , Barington T. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractChronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a rare inherited disorder of the innate immune system caused by a defect in NADPH oxidase, leaving the granulocytes unable to kill invading microorganisms. CGD is caused by mutation in one of the five components gp91phox, p22phox, p47phox, p67phox and p40phox, encoded by the X‐linked CYBB gene and the autosomal CYBA, NCF1, NCF2 and NCF4 genes respectively. We have collected samples from all Danish patients with known CGD followed in the clinic or newly diagnosed during a 5‐year period, a cohort of 27 patients, and characterized them genetically. The cohort includes 10 male patients with X‐linked CGD and one female with extremely lyonized expression of a defective CYBB allele. Six patients had mutation in CYBA. Seven of 10 patients with a defect in NCF1 were homozygous for the common GT deletion, one was compound heterozygous for the GT deletion and a splice‐site mutation, and two patients were homozygous for a nonsense mutation in exon 7. Three novel mutations were detected, a deletion of exon 6 in CYBA, a duplication of exon 8–13 in CYBB and a splice site mutation in intron 7 of NCF1.
Isolation and Characterization of Chitinase from Tomato Infected by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici
Authors: do Amaral Daniel Oliveira Jordão , de Almeida Clébia Maria Alves , Correia Maria Tereza dos Santos , de Menezes Lima Vera Lúcia , da Silva Márcia Vanusa 
Published: August 2012

AbstractChitinases are important component of plant defence in response to attack by pathogens. To identify specific chitinase, we constructed a cDNA library using total RNA from a genotype‐resistant tomato inoculated with conidia of isolates race 2 of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (Fol). One chitinase (SolChi) clone was isolated and sequence analysis shows that the cDNA clone SolChi encodes an acidic isoform of class III chitinase. Southern blotting indicated that SolChi was present only once in the tomato genome. Real‐time quantitative RT‐PCR assay show that the expression of this gene is induced upon infection with Fol, and the accumulation of transcripts for this R protein was rapid in the resistant genotype during the first 24 h. A putative role for chitinase in tomato is defence against fungal pathogens.
Genotypic differences to crown rot caused by Fusarium pseudograminearum in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)
Authors: Liu Yaxi , Zheng You‐Liang , Wei Yuming , Zhou Meixue , Liu Chunji 
Published: August 2012

With 2 figures and 3 tables
AbstractCrown rot (CR), caused predominantly by Fusarium pseudograminearum, is a serious cereal disease for semi‐arid regions worldwide. Growing resistant cultivars has long been recognized as an essential component in effectively managing this disease, and successful breeding requires quality sources of resistance. This paper reports the first germplasm screening to identify CR resistance sources in barley. A total of 1047 genotypes, selected to represent different geographical origins and plant types, were assessed. Several genotypes with high levels of resistance were identified. As expected, those with the best resistance were predominantly landraces or wild barley accessions. Surprisingly, genotypes with the best CR resistance with known origins were mainly derived from East Asia where CR is not a major cereal disease. Further, the majority of the genotypes with the best CR resistance are slow growing, although such genotypes accounted for only a small proportion of all those assessed in this study. Possible explanations for these intriguing phenomena are discussed.
Management of sigmoid volvulus: is early surgery justifiable?
Authors: Yassaie Omid , Thompson‐Fawcett Mark , Rossaak Jeremy 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIntroductionSigmoid volvulus typically occurs in older patients who have multiple co‐morbidities. Therefore, often, a conservative approach to management is chosen. However, there is little data on long‐term outcomes of this approach in Australasia. The aim of this study was to review the recurrence and mortality outcomes of patients admitted to Dunedin Hospital with sigmoid volvulus.MethodsAll cases of sigmoid volvulus admitted to the Department of General Surgery at Dunedin Hospital from January 1989 to January 2009 were identified using a prospective database, the Otago Clinical Audit. Mortality data was accessed from the National Births and Deaths Registry.ResultsFifty‐seven patients, median age of 68, were included in the study with 84 admissions for sigmoid volvulus. A total of 39 of the 57 patients ultimately had surgery, 26 on the index admission. Thirty‐one patients (61%) treated conservatively at index admission had a recurrence at a median of 31 days. Forty‐two per cent of the patients treated conservatively a second time suffered a further recurrence at a median of 144 days. There was no recurrence in patients who had surgery. There was no in‐hospital mortality reported in either group. There was one anastomotic leak in the surgical group. Minor complications included ileus, respiratory infections, urinary tract infection and a hernia.ConclusionEarly elective operation for cases of sigmoid volvulus is encouraged in patients without prohibitive co‐morbidities as this study shows a high recurrence rate in conservatively managed patients and a low morbidity and mortality in surgically managed patients.
Microbial cell budgets of anArctic glacier surface quantified using flow cytometry
Authors: Irvine‐Fynn T. D. L. , Edwards A. , Newton S. , Langford H. , Rassner S. M. , Telling J. , Anesio A. M. , Hodson A. J. 
Published: August 2012

SummaryUncertainty surrounds estimates of microbial cell and organic detritus fluxes from glacier surfaces. Here, we present the first enumeration of biological particles draining from a supraglacial catchment, onMidtreLovénbreen (Svalbard) over 36 days. A stream cell flux of 1.08 × 107 cells m−2 h−1was found, with strong inverse, non‐linear associations between water discharge and biological particle concentrations. Over the study period, a significant decrease in cell‐like particles exhibiting 530 nm autofluorescence was noted. The observed total fluvial export of ∼ 7.5 × 1014cells equates to 15.1–72.7 gC, and a large proportion of these cells were small (< 0.5 μm in diameter). Differences between the observed fluvial export and inputs from ice‐melt and aeolian deposition were marked: results indicate an apparent storage rate of 8.83 × 107 cells m−2 h−1. Analysis of surface ice cores revealed cell concentrations comparable to previous studies (6 × 104 cells ml−1) but, critically, showed no variation with depth in the uppermost 1 m. The physical retention and growth of particulates at glacier surfaces has two implications: to contribute to ice mass thinning through feedbacks altering surface albedo, and to potentially seed recently deglaciated terrain with cells, genes and labile organic matter. This highlights the merit of further study into glacier surface hydraulics and biological processes.
Online people tagging: Social (mobile) network(ing) services and work‐based learning
Authors: Cook John , Pachler Norbert 
Published: August 2012

AbstractSocial and mobile technologies offer users unprecedented opportunities for communicating, interacting, sharing, meaning‐making, content and context generation. And, these affordances are in constant flux driven by a powerful interplay between technological innovation and emerging cultural practices. Significantly, also, they are starting to transcend the everyday lifeworlds of users and permeate the workplace and its practices. However, given the emergent nature of this area, the literature on the use of social and mobile technologies in workplace practices is still small. Indeed, social media are increasingly being accessed via mobile devices. Our main focus, therefore, here is on the question of what, if any, potential there is for the use of social media in informal, professional, work‐based learning. The paper provides a critical overview of key issues from the literature on work‐based learning, face‐to‐face and technology‐supported, as well as social (mobile) networking services, with particular attention being paid to people tagging. It then introduces an initial typology of informal workplace learning in order to provide a frame for understanding social (mobile) network(ing) services in work‐based learning. Finally, a case study (taken from the literature) of People Tagging tool use in digital social networks in the European Commission‐funded MATURE project is used to illustrate aspects of our typology.Practitioner Notes
What is already known about this topic
The importance of social networks and associated technologies in everyday life and commerce.
Some conceptualisations of learning through and at work exist, but they tend to be based on the empirical study of professionals and graduate employees.
The concept of tagging in relation to digital resources is well established.

What this paper adds
A consideration of the use of social networks in learning in informal and work‐based context.
An exploration of some of the affordances of social media for work‐located learning.
A widening of the concept of tagging to the classification of knowledge embodied in users and their social networks.
A typology of factors in social network(ing) services and work‐based learning.
An analysis of a case study of people tagging in relation to the typology of factors.

Implications for practice
A conceptualisation of aspects of technology‐enhanced and enabled learning through and at work.
An understanding of the potential of social media for work‐located learning.
A realisation of some of the potential of the use of social media in informal, professional work‐based learning.
Mobile practices in everyday life: Popular digital technologies and schooling revisited
Authors: Merchant Guy 
Published: August 2012

AbstractMobile phones have rapidly been absorbed into the fabric of our day‐to‐day lives. They are now a key consumer item, a symbol of social capital and they connect their users to a mobile web with multiple applications. As ownership and access to smartphones has spread into the teenage years, their place in institutions of formal education has been marked by contention. The dominant view that mobiles have no place in the classroom has recently been contested by educators, such as Parry, who suggest that mobile learning, and the literacies involved, should play an important role in education. This paper argues for a more nuanced view of mobile technology, one that focuses on everyday social practices as a way of understanding the relationship between mobiles and learning. Using practice theory as a starting point, I suggest a way of mapping everyday mobile practices on to educational activity to illustrate potential areas for innovation and evaluation. I conclude by returning to the debate about mobiles in education, noting that familiar arguments about popular digital technology and schooling are once again being rehearsed. If ways of accessing, sharing and building knowledge are changing then a more principled consideration of how educational institutions relate to these changes is needed.Practitioner Notes
What is already known about this topic
There is growing interest in the use of mobiles in educational settings.
Practitioners are beginning to look at the advantages and disadvantages of mobile learning.
Increased ownership of smartphones and other mobile devices amongst the youth population is well documented.

What this paper adds
Social practice theory offers a useful perspective for looking at the use of mobiles in different contexts.
Comparisons and contrasts between the uses of mobile technology in everyday life and in school settings can help in evaluating its potential.
A consideration of ownership and access, and how this may reproduce social inequalities, are important to innovations in technology and education.

Implications for practice and/or policy
There is a need to move beyond debates about prohibiting or encouraging the use of mobiles to look at more specific examples of their advantages (and disadvantages).
Policy and implementation should be informed by a finer‐grained analysis of mobile practices in everyday and educational settings.
Mobile devices are highly desirable consumer items. Schools and other educational establishments have a responsibility to adopt a critical approach to ownership and use.
Blake, Sally et al ed (2012) Child development and the use of technologyInformation Science (Hershey PA & Eurospan, London) isbn978‐1‐61350‐317‐1 371 pp £130http://www.igi‐global.com/book/child‐development‐use‐technology/52999
Authors: Betts Lucy R 
Published: August 2012

SummaryThis text integrates the theoretical aspects of child development with clear examples of technology use. The theme of application that runs throughout means that it will be of use to both practitioners and researchers interested in how technology can facilitate child development, whilst recognising the importance of social context. If the content seems likely to be relevant to your work, you would value having a copy on loan for a while.Lucy Betts
Glazer, Francine S ed (2012) Blended learningStylus (Sterling VA, & Eurospan, London) isbn978‐1‐57922‐324‐3 138 pp £20.50http://stylus.styluspub.com/Books/BookDetail.aspx?productID=187883
Authors: Oddone Cristina 
Published: August 2012

SummaryThis book aims at teachers who are interested in learning how to implement blended learning in their classes and therefore gain insights into the variables involved and the benefits it may bring to learning. It briefly introduces the topic and then describes practical experiences whose findings may be useful for addressing the challenges of blended learning. If the content of this book is likely to be relevant to you, I advise that you will probably find only parts of interest or use.Cristina Oddone
Kolb, Liz (2011) Cell phones in the classroomISTE & Eurospan (London) isbn978‐156484299‐2 208 pp £28.50http://www.iste.org/Store/Product.aspx?ID=2108
Authors: Sharma Ramesh 
Published: August 2012

SummaryA great resource and useful practical book for teachers and administrators, this offers practical guidelines, hints and tips on using cellphones in classrooms integrating Web 2.0 applications. Indeed, if its content is likely to be relevant to your work, I recommend you borrow a copy for a time.Ramesh Sharma
Schrum, Lynne ed (2010) Considerations on technology and teachersISTE & Eurospan (London) isbn978‐1‐56484‐273‐2 237 pp £28.50http://www.iste.org/store/product.aspx?ID=2113&utm_source=Digital%2BCatalog&utm_medium=Digital%2BCatalog&utm_campaign=SS12%2BDigital%2BCatalog%2BNew%2BBooks%0D
Authors: Oddone Cristina 
Published: August 2012

SummarySchrum's Considerations on technology and teachers discusses the topic of it integration in education and provides an accurate analysis of the many implications for teachers. It informs readers on ways to use it successfully, and describes current trends and pedagogies to increase achievement and motivation in embedding it in teaching. Therefore, this is a fundamental resource for teachers, teacher educators and researchers interested in investigating all the aspects of it‐integrated education. In fact, if the content is likely to be relevant to you, I recommend you buy a copy for your use.Cristina Oddone
Childhood bullying and becoming a young father in a national cohort of Finnish boys
Authors: LEHTI VENLA , KLOMEK ANAT BRUNSTEIN , TAMMINEN TUULA , MOILANEN IRMA , KUMPULAINEN KIRSTI , PIHA JORMA , ALMQVIST FREDRIK , SOURANDER ANDRE 
Published: August 2012

Lehti, V., Brunstein Klomek, A., Tamminen, T., Moilanen, I., Kumpulainen, K., Piha, J., Almqvist. F. & Sourander, A. (2012). Childhood bullying and becoming a young father in a national cohort of Finnish boys. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 53, 461–466.Childhood bullying is known to be associated with various adverse psychosocial outcomes in later life. No studies exist on its association with becoming a young father. The study is based on a national cohort, which included 2,946 Finnish boys at baseline in 1989. Information on bullying was collected from children, their parents and their teachers. Follow‐up data on becoming a father under the age of 22 were collected from a nationwide register. The follow‐up sample included 2,721 boys. Bullying other children frequently was significantly associated with becoming a young father independently of being victimized, childhood psychiatric symptoms and parental educational level. Being a victim of bullying was not associated with becoming a young father when adjusted for possible confounders. When the co‐occurrence of bullying and victimization was studied, it was found that being a bully‐victim, but not a pure bully or a pure victim, is significantly associated with becoming a young father. This study adds to other studies, which have shown that the risk profile and relational patterns of bully‐victims differ from those of other children, and it emphasizes the importance of including peer relationships when studying young fathers.
The effect of early deprivation on executive attention in middle childhood
Authors: Loman Michelle M. , Johnson Anna E. , Westerlund Alissa , Pollak Seth D. , Nelson Charles A. , Gunnar Megan R. 
Published: August 2012

Background:  Children reared in deprived environments, such as institutions for the care of orphaned or abandoned children, are at increased risk for attention and behavior regulation difficulties. This study examined the neurobehavioral correlates of executive attention in post institutionalized (PI) children.Methods:  The performance and event‐related potentials (ERPs) of 10‐ and 11‐year‐old internationally adopted PI children on two executive attention tasks, Go/No‐go and Flanker, were compared with two groups: children internationally adopted early from foster care (PF) and nonadopted children (NA).Results:  Behavioral measures suggested problems with sustained attention, with PIs performing more poorly on Go trials and not on No‐go trials of the Go/No‐go and made more errors on both congruent and incongruent trials on the Flanker. ERPs suggested differences in inhibitory control and error monitoring, as PIs had smaller N2 amplitude on Go/No‐go and smaller error‐related negativity on Flanker.Conclusions:  This pattern of results raises questions regarding the nature of attention difficulties for PI children. The behavioral errors are not specific to executive attention and instead likely reflect difficulties in overall sustained attention. The ERP results are consistent with neural activity related to deficits in inhibitory control (N2) and error monitoring (error‐related negativity). Questions emerge regarding the similarity of attention regulatory difficulties in PIs to those experienced by non‐PI children with ADHD.
The resilience and functional role of moss in boreal and arctic ecosystems
Authors: Turetsky M. R. , Bond‐Lamberty B. , Euskirchen E. , Talbot J. , Frolking S. , McGuire A. D. , Tuittila E‐S. 
Published: August 2012

SummaryMosses in northern ecosystems are ubiquitous components of plant communities, and strongly influence nutrient, carbon and water cycling. We use literature review, synthesis and model simulations to explore the role of mosses in ecological stability and resilience. Moss community responses to disturbance showed all possible responses (increases, decreases, no change) within most disturbance categories. Simulations from two process‐based models suggest that northern ecosystems would need to experience extreme perturbation before mosses were eliminated. But simulations with two other models suggest that loss of moss will reduce soil carbon accumulation primarily by influencing decomposition rates and soil nitrogen availability. It seems clear that mosses need to be incorporated into models as one or more plant functional types, but more empirical work is needed to determine how to best aggregate species. We highlight several issues that have not been adequately explored in moss communities, such as functional redundancy and singularity, relationships between response and effect traits, and parameter vs conceptual uncertainty in models. Mosses play an important role in several ecosystem processes that play out over centuries – permafrost formation and thaw, peat accumulation, development of microtopography – and there is a need for studies that increase our understanding of slow, long‐term dynamical processes.

Contents

Summary
49

I.
Mosses in the northern, high‐latitude region
50

II.
The role of moss in ecological resilience
51

III.
Response of moss to disturbance
54

IV.
Future research needs
60

V.
Conclusions
62

Acknowledgements
62

References
62
Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy and fetal death at different gestational lengths: a population study of 2 121 371 pregnancies
Authors: Ahmad AS , Samuelsen SO 
Published: August 2012

Please cite this paper as: Ahmad A, Samuelsen S. Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy and fetal death at different gestational lengths: a population study of 2 121 371 pregnancies. BJOG 2012;119:1521–1528.Objective  To compare the proportion of offspring that was stillborn in pregnancies with pre‐eclampsia, gestational hypertension or chronic hypertension with those in normotensive pregnancies.Design  Register‐based observational study.Setting  The Medical Birth Registry of Norway.Population  All singleton births after 20 completed weeks of gestation in Norway from 1967 to 2006 (n = 2 121 371).Methods  The proportion of stillborn offspring was estimated in normotensive pregnancies, and in pregnancies with pre‐eclampsia, gestational and chronic hypertension at different gestational lengths. In addition, changes in the proportions of stillborn offspring by maternal hypertensive disorder from 1967–1986 to 1987–2006 were estimated.Main outcome measures  Fetal death.Results  The prevalence of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy was 4.7%. In total, 17 933 fetal deaths occurred and 9.2% of these were in hypertensive pregnancies. In normotensive pregnancies, 0.8% (16 290/2 022 400) experienced fetal death. This was true for 1.9% (1170/62 261) of the pregnancies with pre‐eclampsia, 1.2% (390/32 068) with gestational hypertension and 1.8% (83/4642) with chronic hypertension. There was a 44% overall reduction in fetal death rate from 1967–1986 to 1987–2006. The largest decline was in women with pre‐eclampsia (80% reduction). In women with gestational hypertension and chronic hypertension, the overall reductions in fetal death rates were 49% and 57%, respectively, comparable with the 41% decline in normotensive pregnancies.Conclusions  In our nationwide study during 1967–2006, the risk of fetal death among women with hypertensive disorders in pregnancy has been greatly reduced, especially among pre‐eclamptic women at term. The risk of fetal death among women with gestational or chronic hypertension has also decreased, but in a different manner.
Health information seeking in the information society
Authors: Mukherjee Abir , Bawden David 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThis article is the second student contribution to the Dissertations into Practice feature. It reports on a study that investigated the everyday health information‐seeking practices of a small group of the ‘general public’ and the implications for information‐seeking theory and health information provision. The first student article, about the implementation of radio frequency identification (RFID) in a hospital library, was very different, and the two articles illustrate the broad spectrum of possible subjects for the Dissertations into Practice feature. This study was conducted in summer 2011 by Abir Mukherjee for his MSc dissertation in the Library and Information Sciences programme at City University London. Further information and copies of the full dissertation may be obtained from Abir Mukherjee or David Bawden.AM