bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of episodic fluid flow on hydrocarbon migration in the Newport‐Inglewood Fault Zone, Southern California
Authors: Jung B. , Garven G. , Boles J. R. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractFault permeability may vary through time due to tectonic deformations, transients in pore pressure and effective stress, and mineralization associated with water‐rock reactions. Time‐varying permeability will affect subsurface fluid migration rates and patterns of petroleum accumulation in densely faulted sedimentary basins such as those associated with the borderland basins of Southern California. This study explores the petroleum fluid dynamics of this migration. As a multiphase flow and petroleum migration case study on the role of faults, computational models for both episodic and continuous hydrocarbon migration are constructed to investigate large‐scale fluid flow and petroleum accumulation along a northern section of the Newport‐Inglewood fault zone in the Los Angeles basin, Southern California. The numerical code solves the governing equations for oil, water, and heat transport in heterogeneous and anisotropic geologic cross sections but neglects flow in the third dimension for practical applications. Our numerical results suggest that fault permeability and fluid pressure fluctuations are crucial factors for distributing hydrocarbon accumulations associated with fault zones, and they also play important roles in controlling the geologic timing for reservoir filling. Episodic flow appears to enhance hydrocarbon accumulation more strongly by enabling stepwise build‐up in oil saturation in adjacent sedimentary formations due to temporally high pore pressure and high permeability caused by periodic fault rupture. Under assumptions that fault permeability fluctuate within the range of 1–1000 millidarcys (10−15–10−12 m2) and fault pressures fluctuate within 10–80% of overpressure ratio, the estimated oil volume in the Inglewood oil field (approximately 450 million barrels oil equivalent) can be accumulated in about 24 000 years, assuming a seismically induced fluid flow event occurs every 2000 years. This episodic petroleum migration model could be more geologically important than a continuous‐flow model, when considering the observed patterns of hydrocarbons and seismically active tectonic setting of the Los Angeles basin.
Detecting Small Groundwater Discharge Springs Using Handheld Thermal Infrared Imagery
Authors: Röper Tania , Greskowiak Janek , Massmann Gudrun 
Published: December 2013

AbstractGround‐based handheld thermal infrared imagery was used for the detection of small‐scale groundwater springs at the northwestern beach of Spiekeroog Island (northwest Germany). The surveys and in situ measurements of electric conductivity were carried out from shortly before to shortly after low tide along the low water line. Several brackish groundwater discharge springs with a diameter of 1–2 cm were observed along the beach at a distance of 2–3 m above the low water line. The high fresh water portion in the discharging water derives from the fresh water lens in the center of the island. During cold weather, the springs were identified by a significantly increased temperature (3–5 °C higher) and a lower electric conductivity (<10 mS/cm) in contrast to the surrounding sea water (1–2 °C, >30 mS/cm). During warmer weather conditions, an inverse temperature contrast was observed. The measurements confirm the applicability of thermal imagery for the detection of small‐scale groundwater discharge locations as an extension to the established method of aerial thermal scans and prove the existence of submarine groundwater seeps in porous systems. A ground‐based handheld thermal infrared imagery survey enables a precise installation of sampling devices as, for example, seepage meters.
Parents' experiences of living with a child with hydrocephalus: a cross‐sectional interview‐based study
Authors: Smith Joanna , Cheater Francine , Bekker Hilary 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackgroundShunts, the main treatment for hydrocephalus, are problematic because they frequently malfunction. Detecting shunt malfunction is challenging because symptoms are similar to those of common childhood illnesses, particularly viral infections. Parents are responsible for identifying shunt malfunction and responding accordingly. Understanding parents' experiences has the potential to improve parent–professional collaboration and the management of the child's condition.AimTo explore parents' experiences of living with a child with hydrocephalus and their decisions when they suspect shunt malfunction.Design and methodsA cross‐sectional interview‐based survey using qualitative methods was undertaken. Twenty‐five parents participated in the interviews. Framework approach underpinned data analysis.FindingsThree concepts, ‘uncertainty’, ‘developing expertise’, and ‘a normal life’, were identified. These concepts were dynamic in nature as parents learned through experience, adapted to changes in their child's health status and made decisions about their needs. Uncertainty because of the unpredictability and life‐threatening nature of shunt malfunction dominated parents' accounts. Through experience, parents learned to differentiate between symptoms that suggested a shunt problem and those of other childhood illnesses, but perceived their expertise was not always valued by health professionals or used to inform clinical decisions. Decisions about where or when to seek advice related to prior experiences of health‐care services and minimizing disruption for the whole family.ConclusionParents can recognize illness symptoms suggestive of shunt malfunction and want to collaborate with health professionals about the management of their child's condition. Collaboration with parents requires health professionals to listen to parents' concerns and value their experiences.
Patient participation in medication safety during an acute care admission
Authors: McTier Lauren , Botti Mari , Duke Maxine 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackgroundPatient participation in medication management during hospitalization is thought to reduce medication errors and, following discharge, improve adherence and therapeutic use of medications. There is, however, limited understanding of how patients participate in their medication management while hospitalized.ObjectiveTo explore patient participation in the context of medication management during a hospital admission for a cardiac surgical intervention of patients with cardiovascular disease.DesignSingle institution, case study design. The unit of analysis was a cardiothoracic ward of a major metropolitan, tertiary referral hospital in Melbourne, Australia. Multiple methods of data collection were used including pre‐admission and pre‐discharge patient interviews (n = 98), naturalistic observations (n = 48) and focus group interviews (n = 2).ResultsAll patients had changes made to their pre‐operative cardiovascular medications as a consequence of surgery. More patients were able to list and state the purpose and side‐effects of their cardiovascular medications at pre‐admission than prior to discharge from hospital. There was very little evidence that nurses used opportunities such as medication administration times to engage patients in medication management during hospital admission.Discussion and ConclusionsFailure to engage patients in medication management and provide opportunities for patients to learn about changes to their medications has implications for the quality and safety of care patients receive in hospital and when managing their medications once discharged. To increase the opportunity for patients to participate in medication management, a fundamental shift in the way nurses currently provide care is required.
Preparation of Porous Mullite Ceramics Using Fly Ash Cenosphere as a Pore‐Forming Agent by Gelcasting Process
Authors: Qian Haoran , Cheng Xudong , Zhang Heping , Zhang Ruifang , Wang Yonghong 
Published: December 2013

Porous mullite ceramics were fabricated from an industrial grade mullite powder by gelcasting process using fly ash cenospheres (FAC) as a pore‐forming agent. The influence of content of FAC and sintering temperature on the density and strength was evaluated. The microstructure showed that FAC can act as a sintering aid and a pore‐forming agent. When the sintering temperature at 1200°C, porous mullite ceramics with a relatively high porosity (48.1–72.2%), low density (0.84–1.64 g/cm3), low thermal conductivity (0.16–0.22 W/m · K), and high compressive strength (6.21–14.70 MPa) have been obtained.
Varying Coefficient Regression Models: A Review and New Developments
Authors: Park Byeong U. , Mammen Enno , Lee Young K. , Lee Eun Ryung 
Published: December 2013

SummaryVarying coefficient regression models are known to be very useful tools for analysing the relation between a response and a group of covariates. Their structure and interpretability are similar to those for the traditional linear regression model, but they are more flexible because of the infinite dimensionality of the corresponding parameter spaces. The aims of this paper are to give an overview on the existing methodological and theoretical developments for varying coefficient models and to discuss their extensions with some new developments. The new developments enable us to use different amount of smoothing for estimating different component functions in the models. They are for a flexible form of varying coefficient models that requires smoothing across different covariates' spaces and are based on the smooth backfitting technique that is admitted as a powerful technique for fitting structural regression models and is also known to free us from the curse of dimensionality.
Educating reflective Enterprise Systems practitioners: a design research study of the iterative building of a teaching framework
Authors: Hustad Eli , Olsen Dag H. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThis research paper reports on the iterative design of a teaching framework developed for teaching Enterprise Systems (ES) classes for Information Systems (IS) graduates. These systems embed technical complexity and create organizational challenges when implemented in organizations. Therefore, teaching good ES classes is pedagogically challenging for faculty, and ES curricula are difficult for students. We have gradually designed and rebuilt curricula and teaching frameworks over 8 years. This has also resulted in a set of eight design principles. We report from our design and evaluation process and present our final artefact, the teaching framework. The aim is to educate reflective practitioners with multiple ES skills, enabling them to tackle the complexities of ES implementation contexts. The framework has implications for IS educational research and practice and has some generic values that are transferable to other academic institutions and adaptable to other IS learning environments. Further, the study contributes to IS design research by extending its application area. The ES teaching framework is a specific contribution to IS teaching frameworks as a class of problems.
Underwriting Fees and Shareholder Rights
Authors: Lin Ji‐Chai , Ulupinar Bahar 
Published: December 2013

AbstractDo firms’ governance provisions affect their terms of obtaining external financing? We hypothesize that it is more difficult for firms with more restrictions on shareholder rights to raise external equity, and that since analyst coverage is an important part of underwriting services, underwriters would use analyst recommendations to promote issuing firms with weaker shareholder rights more strongly and charge them higher underwriting fees. Consistent with our hypothesis, we find that analyst recommendations on issuing firms with weak shareholder rights increase more than those with strong shareholder rights prior to SEOs, and that underwriting spreads are positively related to issuing firms’ shareholder rights as proxied by the G‐index. Furthermore, the effect of shareholder rights on underwriting fees is largely contained in the six provisions in the E‐index.
Information Uncertainty, Earnings Management, and Long‐run Stock Performance Following Initial Public Offerings
Authors: Chen Sheng‐Syan , Lin Wen‐Chun , Chang Shao‐Chi , Lin Chih‐Yen 
Published: December 2013

AbstractWe examine how information uncertainty surrounding IPO (initial public offering) firms influences earnings management and long‐run stock performance. For low‐information‐uncertainty issuers, at‐issue earnings’ management is positively related to subsequent unmanaged earnings and has no relationship to market reaction to earnings announcement and long‐run stock performance following the offering. For high‐information‐uncertainty issuers, however, at‐issue earnings’ management is unrelated to subsequent unmanaged earnings and negatively related to market reaction to earnings announcement and long‐run stock performance following the offer. The evidence suggests that, on average, managers in low‐information‐uncertainty firms tend to engage in earnings’ management for informative purposes, while managers in high‐information‐uncertainty firms engage in earnings’ management for opportunistic purposes.
Does hepcidin play a role in the pathogenesis of aphthae in Behçet's disease and recurrent aphthous stomatitis?
Authors: Cicek D. , Dağlı A.F. , Aydin S. , Baskaya Dogan F. , Dertlioğlu S.B. , Uçak H. , Demir B. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackgroundAphthae constitute one of the major signs in Behçet's disease (BD) and recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS). No scientific study has yet explored the relationship of hepcidins, which have antimicrobial effects, withRASandBD.ObjectivesIn this study, we aimed to evaluate by immunohistochemistry whether hepcidin is synthesized by the salivary glands and to measure levels of prohepcidin and hepcidin (an antibacterial peptide) in the serum and saliva of patients withBDandRAS.MethodsThe study included 25BDpatients and 30RASpatients, as well as a control group comprising 25 healthy individuals. Serum and saliva samples were collected at the same time from all subjects. Levels of prohepcidin and hepcidin were measured byELISA. The presence of hepcidin in salivary glands was assessed by immunohistochemistry.ResultsHepcidin was localized in the striated ducts of the sublingual and parotid glands. Saliva prohepcidin and hepcidin levels were correlated with blood levels. Saliva prohepcidin levels were found to be lower inRASpatients than inBDpatients and healthy controls (P < 0.001 andP = 0.007 respectively). In addition,RASpatients had lower saliva hepcidin levels than did the control group (P = 0.03).ConclusionsThe lower serum and saliva prohepcidin and hepcidin concentrations found inRASandBDpatients indicate that hepcidin may be involved in the aetiopathogenesis of these diseases. Because it can be obtained non‐invasively and easily, saliva may provide a useful alternative to serum in quantifying prohepcidin and hepcidin concentrations.
Fractional erbium: YAG laser‐assisted photodynamic therapy for facial actinic keratoses: a randomized, comparative, prospective study
Authors: Ko D.‐Y. , Jeon S.‐Y. , Kim K.‐H. , Song K.‐H. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackgroundPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) with methyl aminolevulinate (MAL) is effective for treating multiple actinic keratoses (AKs). Ablative fractional laser (FL) creates vertical channels that may facilitate MAL delivery and improve PDT response.ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of FL‐assisted PDT (FL‐PDT) in treating facial AKs in Korean patients.MethodsA prospective randomized non‐blinded trial initially evaluated 271 facial AKs in 45 patients. All patients underwent one session of MAL‐PDT using a red light‐emitting diode lamp at 37 J/cm2, and 23 patients with 135 AK lesions were randomly assigned to pre‐treatment with a 2940‐nm ablative fractional erbium:Yag laser. Patients were followed up at 1, 2 and 4 weeks and every month until 6 and 12 months post‐treatment. Response, adverse events, cosmetic outcome and patient satisfaction were documented. Finally, a total of 236 facial AKs in 40 patients were enrolled and analysed in this study.ResultsFL‐PDT was significantly more effective than MAL‐PDT at treating all AK grades (86.9% vs. 61.2%; P < 0.001). The efficacy of FL‐PDT was most pronounced in treating Olsen grade III AKs (69.4% vs. 32.5%; P = 0.001). FL‐PDT also showed a lower lesion recurrence rate than MAL‐PDT (9.7% vs. 26.6%; P = 0.004). Excellent or good cosmetic outcome was reported in >90% cases. Erythema and hyperpigmentation intensities were higher in the FL‐PDT group (P > 0.05). Side‐effects were more frequent in the FL‐PDT group, but these were mild and well tolerated (P > 0.05).ConclusionFL‐PDT is effective for treating AKs, especially moderate‐to‐thick lesions.
Bioactive and Biomimetic Restorative Materials: A Comprehensive Review. Part II
Authors: Jefferies Steven 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThis second part (Part II) of a two‐part comprehensive review of bioactive and biomimetic restorative materials reviews the calcium aluminate‐based restorative dental materials. Part II explores the development, composition, properties, and application of the bioactive calcium aluminate‐based materials that have been developed for several indications in restorative dentistry.Clinical SignificanceBioactive materials have evolved over the past three decades from relatively specialized, highly biocompatible, but low‐strength dental materials to now emerge in product compositions for expanded clinical uses in restorative dentistry. Further developments to meet additional restorative clinical needs are anticipated in the newly emerging category of dental materials.
Comparison between Clinical and Digital Soft Tissue Measurements
Authors: Schneider D. , Ender A. , Truninger T. , Leutert C. , Sahrmann P. , Roos M. , Schmidlin P. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractObjectiveThe use of periodontal probes harbors the risk of measurement errors. The aim of this study was to investigate the accuracy of the digital determination of gingival recession and papilla height on virtual jaw models, given the hypothesis that they show lower intrarater and interrater variability than conventional linear measurements taken clinically or on cast models.Materials and MethodsGingival recessions and papilla heights were measured at 30 sites by five examiners using the following methods: (A) direct measurements using a periodontal probe intraorally or (B) on cast models using a caliper, (C) digital measurements on virtual models obtained by optical scans taken intraorally, or (D) made of cast models using the same software. Measurements were repeated after 1 week and intraclass, intrarater, and interrater correlations of the measurements using the four different methods were analyzed.ResultsThe greatest disagreement between the 1st and 2nd measurement was identified for method A. Recessions were less reliably measured than papillae. The best agreement between methods was found in the digital ones (C and D). Regarding papilla height, increased values were obtained when method D was applied as compared with both clinical evaluations. For gingival recession, method A measured the highest values.ConclusionIn the present study, the use of digital technologies by intraoral scanning or scanning of cast models improved the reproducibility and lowered the variance of measurements within one individual and between different investigators.Clinical SignificanceProviding a more reliable and examiner‐independent technique for measurements of the soft tissue architecture could improve data quality in periodontal research and in the analysis of different clinical treatment modalities.
Global Cholas: Reworking Tradition and Modernity in Bolivian Lucha Libre
Authors: Haynes Nell 
Published: December 2013

ResumenEste artículo examina las mujeres luchadoras en La Paz, Bolivia, y cómo éstas usan creativamente los supuestos por parte de los turistas de ser “tradicionales” y de que están actuando en eventos “exóticos.” Desde 2001, mujeres indígenas participan en la lucha libre —una forma de lucha procedente de México y los Estados Unidos. Sin embargo, los viajeros, a menudo, asumen que es una tradición porque las luchadoras se presentan con los trajes de las cholas vendedoras. En este artículo exploro cómo las luchadoras utilizan esas percepciones y la atención resultante de los medios de comunicación para reclamar identidades cosmopolitas. Con ello no solo mejoran su posición y ganan movilidad social, sino también se ven a sí mismas como representantes de las mujeres bolivianas ante un público global.
Mayan Calendrics in Movement in Guatemala: Mayan Spiritual Guides or Day‐keepers Understandings of 2012
Authors: Macleod Morna 
Published: December 2013

ResumenEste artículo analiza la manera en que algunosajq'ijab’–guías espirituales o contadores del tiempo‐ en Guatemala, buscan entender el significado del año 2012,Oxlajuj B'aqtun(el decimotercerb'aqtun), rechazando lo que algunos llaman ‘las profecías mayas'. El artículo explora las maneras en que muchosajq'ijab'se adentran en las epistemologías e idiomas mayas. A partir de una reflexión sobre la historia oral y las prácticas comunitarias, estos estudian la epigrafía maya,al igual que textos históricos y académicos, para entender y orientarse por los calendarios mayas. De esta manera reflexionan, sobre el pasado para pensar en elutz k'aslemalo el buen vivir. Tras el conflicto armado y represión masiva que devastó las comunidades mayas, este proceso de revitalización pone en evidencia la manera en que muchos miembros del movimiento maya han retomado la cosmovisión maya de manera práctica para reconstruir su vida, cuestionar los paradigmas dominantes de desarrollo y buscar la transformación social.