bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dental care utilization among older adults with cognitive impairment in the USA
Authors: Lee Kyung Hee , Wu Bei , Plassman Brenda L 
Published: February 2014

AimWe examined the relationship between cognitive impairment and dental care utilization among older adults in the USA.MethodsA total of 329 older adults aged 70 years and older in West Virginia, USA, were included in the present analyses. We carried out multivariate ordinal regression analyses.ResultsIndividuals with dementia were less likely to visit a dentist regularly, and more time had passed since their last dental visit compared with individuals with normal cognitive function. However, the pattern of dental care utilization for those with cognitive impairment, not dementia did not differ from individuals with normal cognition. A perceived greater social network and having dental insurance were associated with increased dental care utilization.ConclusionsLess dental care utilization might contribute to the oral health problems often observed among individuals with dementia. Efforts to increase the use of dental care should include cost‐effective options for dental insurance. In addition, educating formal and informal caregivers on the importance of dental care might be beneficial, as these individuals are in the best position to facilitate dental care for individuals with dementia. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2015; 15: 255–260.
Preservation of Fusobacterium nucleatum and Peptostreptococcus anaerobius DNA after loss of cell viability
Authors: Brundin M. , Figdor D. , Sundqvist G. , Sjögren U. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAimTo investigate whether DNA from two obligate anaerobes, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, is recoverable after loss of cell viability induced by air exposure.MethodologyHarvested cultures of F. nucleatum and P. anaerobius were killed by exposure to air and stored in phosphate‐buffered saline. Dead cells were incubated aerobically for up to 6 months. Every month, the presence of detectable DNA in the cell pellet and supernatant was assessed by conventional and quantitative PCR. Cell staining techniques were used to characterize the cell wall permeability of air‐killed cells. Scanning electron microscopy was used to examine viable, freshly killed and stored cells.ResultsWith conventional PCR, amplifiable DNA was detectable over 6 months in all samples. Quantitative PCR showed a progressive fall in DNA concentration in nonviable cell pellets and a concomitant rise in DNA concentration in the supernatant. DNA staining showed that some air‐killed cells retained an intact cell wall. After storage, SEM of both air‐killed species revealed shrivelling of the cells, but some cells of P. anaerobius retained their initial form.ConclusionAmplifiable DNA from F. nucleatum and P. anaerobius was detectable 6 months after loss of viability. Air‐killed anaerobes initially retained their cell form, but cells gradually shriveled over time. The morphological changes were more pronounced with the gram‐negative F. nucleatum than the gram‐positive P. anaerobius. Over 6 months, there was a gradual increase in cell wall permeability with progressive leakage of DNA. Bacterial DNA was recoverable long after loss of cell viability.
Absence of interleukin 22 affects the oral microbiota and the progression of induced periapical lesions in murine teeth
Authors: de Oliveira K. M. H. , da Silva R. A. B. , De Rossi A. , Fukada S. Y. , Feres M. , Nelson‐Filho P. , da Silva L. A. B. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAimTo evaluate the absence of IL‐22 on the progression of periapical lesions in wild‐type (WT) and IL‐22 knockout (IL‐22 KO) mice.MethodologyThe evaluation of the oral microbial profile of mice was performed by Checkerboard DNA–DNA hybridization from saliva samples. Periapical lesions were induced in manbibular first molars by pulpal exposure and evaluated after 7, 21 and 42 days (n = 15). Haematoxylin‐eosin‐stained sections were analysed under conventional and fluorescence microscopy to evaluate the tissue features and size of periapical lesions and tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase histoenzymology (TRAP), Brown & Brenn staining and immunohistochemistry. The scores of the number of bacterial cells present in the oral cavity were analysed by the Mann–Whitney test, and the results and comparisons for periapical lesion size and number of osteoclasts were subjected to one‐way anova and Bonferroni's post‐test (α = 0.05).ResultsSignificant differences were observed for bacterial load between the groups of animals for 6 bacterial species (P < 0.05), with five species found in higher levels in the WT group, and one in the IL‐22 KO group. WT mice had significantly larger periapical lesions (P < 0.05) between 7 and 42 days and between 21 and 42 days, with an increase in the mean size and number of osteoclasts. IL‐22 KO mice had an increase in periapical lesion size and number of osteoclasts between 7 and 21 days (P < 0.05). No differences were found between bacteria localization in the root canal system between the experimental groups. Small variations related to the location of immunostaining were found between the groups.ConclusionThis study revealed differences in the composition of oral microbiota between mice that may be taken into account in the susceptibility to infections and development of periapical lesions. The absence of IL‐22 in mice resulted in smaller periapical lesions with fewer osteoclasts at the final experimental period, suggesting the participation of IL‐22 in the host immune and inflammatory response to a periradicular infection.
Structural and Electrical Properties of Ni‐Substituted Mg‐Mn Nanoferrite by Coprecipitation Route
Authors: Chitra Subbiah Rammohan , Sendhilnathan Sechasalom 
Published: February 2014

Ni2+ ions doped on Mg0.40Mn0.60‐xNixFe2O4 compositions with 0.00 ≤ x ≤ 0.60 have been synthesized by coprecipitation method and taken for the present work to study the dielectric properties and impedance characterization using the XRD and electrical measurements. The X‐ray diffraction and FT‐IR revealed that the ferrite has single‐phase cubic spinel structure. The calculated particle size from XRD data verified using SEM as well as AFM. These photographs show that the ferrites have crystalline size in the range of 20–50 nm. It was observed that the particle size decreased and Ni concentration increased. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss decreased with increase in nonmagnetic Ni2+ ions. Electrical properties indicate that synthesized nanoferrite particles have high resistivity.
Production of oligosaccharides from coconut meal by subcritical water treatment
Authors: Khuwijitjaru Pramote , Pokpong Areewan , Klinchongkon Khwanjai , Adachi Shuji 
Published: February 2014

SummaryCoconut meal, a by‐product from coconut milk production, was hydrolysed via subcritical water treatment at various maximum temperatures in the range of 100–300 °C using a batch‐type vessel under nonisothermal conditions. The effect of the treatment temperature and time was evaluated using the severity factor (R0) as a parameter. The highest yield of mono‐ and oligosaccharides (28.3 g/100 g dry coconut meal) was obtained at lnR0 = 10.4 (maximum temperature of 250 °C within the treatment time of 14 min). At higher temperature, degradation of the saccharides was observed and a large quantity of 5‐hydroxymethyl‐2‐furaldehyde was detected. The hydrolysates contained mannose, glucose and manno‐oligosaccharides with various degrees of polymerisation. The yield and ratio of saccharide components were affected by variation of the ratio of coconut meal to water used in the subcritical water treatment.
Insect vectors of sandal spike disease
Authors: Sen‐Sarma P. K. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractA review of present status of knowledge in respect of insect vectors of sandal spike disease in India has been given. So far, three species of homopterous insects, namely, Moonia albimaculata, Coelidea indica and Nephotettix virescens, have been incriminated as possible vectors of spike disease of sandal. The experimental methods used for the transmission tests have been discussed. Except Nephotettix virescens, the role of remaining two species needs further investigation.Conclusion: From the account given above, it seems likely that more than one species of leaf‐hoppers are involved in spreading the disease in nature (Sen‐Sarma 1981). Currently leaf‐hopper species occurring in sandal ecosystem are being screened for their ability to transmit the disease.ZusammenfassungInsekten als Vektoren bei der “Sandal‐Spike‐Krankheit”Es wird ein Überblick über den gegenwärtigen Wissensstand zur Frage der Insekten als Vektoren bei der “Sandal‐Spike‐Krankheit” gegeben. Bis jetzt werden die drei Homopteren‐Arten Moonia albimaculata, Coelidea indica und Nephotettix virescens als mögliche Vektoren von “Sandal‐Spike” angesehen. Die experimentellen Methoden für die Transmissionsversuche werden diskutiert. Mit Ausnahme von N. virescens bedarf die Vektorfunktion der beiden anderen Arten weiterer Untersuchungen.RésuméInsectes vecteurs de la maladie épineuse du SantalUne revue de l'état actuel des connaissances pour ce qui concerne les insectes vecteurs de la maladie épineuse du Santal en Inde est fournie. Ainsi trois espèces d'Homoptères nommés respectivement Moonia albimaculata, Coelidea indica et Nephotettix virescens ont été mis en cause en tant que vecteurs possibles de la maladie épineuse du Santal. Les méthodes expérimentales utilisées pour les essais de transmission on fait l'objet de discussion. A l'exception du Nephotettix virescens, le rǒle des deux autres espèces nécessite une recherche plus poussée.
Facing diversity under institutional constraints: challenging situations for community nurses when providing care to ethnic minority patients
Authors: Debesay Jonas , Harsløf Ivan , Rechel Bernd , Vike Halvard 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAimsTo explore the challenges faced by community nurses when providing home health care to ethnic minority patients.BackgroundNorway has a growing number of immigrants, including older immigrant patients. Community nurses who provide home care encounter considerable challenges when delivering services to an increasingly diverse patient population.DesignA qualitative study based on a hermeneutics approach.MethodsA qualitative study was conducted involving 19 nurses in Norwegian home health care districts, which had high proportions of minority patients. Data were collected in 2008.FindingsWe identified three critical aspects of the encounters between community nurses and minority patients. The first was intimate care. Nurses perceived the fear of mistakes and crossing boundaries related to the cultural and religious practices of minority patients as particularly stressful. The second was rehabilitation after stroke. The beliefs of nurses in the benefits of rapid rehabilitation conflicted with those of the minority patients and their relatives who favoured extended rest during recovery. Third, the commitment of community nurses to transparency in the care of dying patients was tested severely when they met relatives who believed in religious explanations for the destinies of patients and who wanted to conceal the true diagnosis from terminally ill patients.ConclusionCommunity nurses encountered various challenges due to a lack of experience with highly diverse patient populations. This situation will continue to create difficulties for nurses and minority patients if management support and appropriate training measures are not provided.
Influences on clinical reasoning in family and psychosocial interventions in nursing practice with patients and their families living with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Thirsk Lorraine M. , Moore Sarah G. , Keyko Kacey 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAimsTo explore how Registered Nurses address psychosocial issues for patients and their families living with chronic kidney disease.BackgroundIt is in the scope of registered nursing practice to address the emotional, psychological and relational implications of living with chronic disease through psychosocial and family interventions. Patients living with chronic kidney disease frequently report poor quality of life and numerous psychosocial issues; however, they do not find that these issues are always adequately addressed.DesignThis research was hermeneutic inquiry as guided by Gadamer's philosophy of understanding.MethodsFamily/psychosocial nursing practices are examined from the perspective of self‐reports of Registered Nurses working in acute care nephrology units. Interviews with nurses were conducted throughout 2012.ResultsNurses attribute, or explain, patient and family member behaviour in a variety of ways. These explanations may or may not align with actual patient/family reasons for behaviour. Nurses' explanations influence subsequent nursing practice. While there is some evidence of practices that overcome biased attributions of patient behaviour, the cognitive processes by which nurses develop these explanations are more complex than previously reported in nursing literature.ConclusionClinical reasoning and subsequent nursing practice are influenced by how nurses explain patients'/families' behaviour. Exploration of this issue with the support of social cognition literature suggests a need for further research with significant implications for nursing education and practice to improve family/psychosocial interventions.
Lactoferrin gene knockdown leads to similar effects to iron chelation in human adipocytes
Authors: Moreno‐Navarrete José María , Ortega Francisco , Moreno Maria , Serrano Marta , Ricart Wifredo , Fernández‐Real José Manuel 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIn human and mice adipose tissue, lactoferrin (LTF) has been found to be associated with increased adipogenesis and decreased inflammatory markers. Here, we aimed to investigate the effects of LTF knockdown (KD) in human adipocyte differentiation. In addition, the effects of exogenous LTF administration and iron chelation [using deferoxamine (DFO, 10 μM)] were tested. In both subcutaneous and visceral pre‐adipocytes, LTF KD led to decrease significantly adipogenic, lipogenic and insulin signalling‐related gene expression and a significant increase in the gene expression of inflammatory mediators. Human lactoferrin (hLf, 1 μM) administration led to recover adipocyte differentiation in LTF KD pre‐adipocytes. Interestingly, iron chelation triggered similar effects to LTF KD, decreasing significantly adipogenic gene expressions. Of note, DFO (10 μM) and hLf (1 and 10 μM) co‐administration led to a dose‐dependent recovery of adipocyte differentiation. These new data reveal that endogenous LTF biosynthesis during human adipocyte differentiation is essential to achieve this process, possibly, modulating adipocyte iron homoeostasis. hLf administration might be a useful therapeutic target in obesity‐associated adipose tissue dysfunction.
Protease‐modulating polyacrylate‐based hydrogel stimulates wound bed preparation in venous leg ulcers – a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Humbert P. , Faivre B. , Véran Y. , Debure C. , Truchetet F. , Bécherel P.‐A. , Plantin P. , Kerihuel J.‐C. , Eming S.A. , Dissemond J. , Weyandt G. , Kaspar D. , Smola H. , Zöllner P. ,   the CLEANSITE study group
Published: February 2014

AbstractBackgroundStringent control of proteolytic activity represents a major therapeutic approach for wound‐bed preparation.ObjectivesWe tested whether a protease‐modulating polyacrylate‐ (PA‐) containing hydrogel resulted in a more efficient wound‐bed preparation of venous leg ulcers when compared to an amorphous hydrogel without known protease‐modulating properties.MethodsPatients were randomized to the polyacrylate‐based hydrogel (n = 34) or to an amorphous hydrogel (n = 41). Wound beds were evaluated by three blinded experts using photographs taken on days 0, 7 and 14.ResultsAfter 14 days of treatment there was an absolute decrease in fibrin and necrotic tissue of 37.6 ± 29.9 percentage points in the PA‐based hydrogel group and by 16.8 ± 23.0 percentage points in the amorphous hydrogel group. The absolute increase in the proportion of ulcer area covered by granulation tissue was 36.0 ± 27.4 percentage points in the PA‐based hydrogel group and 14.5 ± 22.0 percentage points in the control group. The differences between the groups were significant (decrease in fibrin and necrotic tissue P = 0.004 and increase in granulation tissue P = 0.0005, respectively).ConclusionIn particular, long‐standing wounds profited from the treatment with the PA‐based hydrogel. These data suggest that PA‐based hydrogel dressings can stimulate normalization of the wound environment, particularly in hard‐to‐heal ulcers.
Distinct profile of HIF1α, PTCH, EphB2, or DNA repair protein expression and BRAF mutation in colorectal serrated adenoma
Authors: Morimoto Takashi , Mitomi Hiroyuki , Saito Tsuyoshi , Takahashi Michiko , Murakami Takashi , Sakamoto Naoto , Yao Takashi , Watanabe Sumio 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBackground and AimsThe serrated colorectal carcinoma (CRC) as proposed to arise from serrated adenoma (SA) is characterized by upregulation of HIF1α, suppression of PTCH or EphB2, loss of DNA repair proteins, and BRAF mutation. The aim of this study was to evaluate alterations of these candidates involved in the serrated pathway in colorectal polyps.MethodsWe analyzed immunoreactivity of these proteins, methylation of PTCH and EphB2, and mutation of BRAF and Kras in sessile SAs (SSAs; n = 32), traditional SAs (n = 28), hyperplastic polyps (HPs; n = 24), and conventional adenomas (ADs; n = 21).ResultsIncrease of nuclear HIF1α expression was more frequent in SA than HP, but less frequent in SA than AD (P < 0.001). Increase of PTCH expression was not found in SSA or HP, but was evident in about half of traditional SA and all AD (P < 0.001). Decrease of EphB2 expression was more prominent in SA than HP or AD (P ≤ 0.005). Loss of hMLH1 and MGMT expression were most frequent in SSA (P < 0.001). Loss of hMSH2 showed more pronounced in SA and HP than AD (P ≤ 0.004). Methylations of PTCH and EphB2 were rare in all categories. BRAF mutation harbored frequently in SA, but not AD; only AD harbored Kras mutation.ConclusionsThis work provides evidence of similarity of HIF1α, EphB2 or DNA repair proteins expression, and BRAF mutation in serrated CRCs and their precursors, especially SSA, compared with AD and HP.
Cellular Actions of Nesfatin‐1 in the Subfornical Organ
Authors: Kuksis M. , Ferguson A. V. 
Published: February 2014

Nesfatin‐1, a centrally acting anorexigenic peptide, is produced in several brain areas involved in metabolic processes and has been implicated in the control of ingestive behaviours and cardiovascular functions. The present study aimed to determine whether the subfornical organ (SFO), a central nervous system (CNS) site that has been extensively implicated in the regulation of appetite and thirst, may represent a potential site for central actions of nesfatin‐1. We first used the reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction and were able to confirm the presence of mRNA for the nucleobindin‐2 gene in the SFO. We then used whole‐cell patch clamp recordings to investigate the influence of nesfatin‐1 on the membrane potential of dissociated SFO neurones. A total of 80.3% (49 of 61) of neurones tested showed a response to nesfatin‐1 (100 nm, 10 nm and 1 nm). Of these, 47.5% depolarised, with a mean depolarisation of 8.2 ± 0.9 mV (n = 29) and 32.8% hyperpolarised with a mean hyperpolarisation of −8.9 ± 1.2 mV (n = 20). Peak magnitudes were seen at a concentration of 1 nm nesfatin‐1, whereas no effect was observed at 100 pm nesftain‐1 (n = 3). Furthermore, voltage clamp ramp and step protocols revealed a nesfatin‐1 induced activation of the delayed rectifier potassium conductance, IK. Pharmacological blockade of this conductance greatly reduced the magnitude and occurrence of the observed hyperpolarisations. The present study thus demonstrates that nesfatin‐1 has the ability to influence the membrane potential of SFO neurones, and thus identifies the SFO as a potential site at which nesfatin‐1 may act to regulate ingestive behaviour and cardiovascular control.
Regional molecular and cellular differences in the female rabbit Achilles tendon complex: potential implications for understanding responses to loading
Authors: Huisman Elise S. , Andersson Gustav , Scott Alexander , Reno Carol R. , Hart David A. , Thornton Gail M. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe aim of this study was: (i) to analyze the morphology and expression of extracellular matrix genes in six different regions of the Achilles tendon complex of intact normal rabbits; and (ii) to assess the effect of ovariohysterectomy (OVH) on the regional expression of these genes. Female New Zealand White rabbits were separated into two groups: (i) intact normal rabbits (n = 4); and (ii) OVH rabbits (n = 8). For each rabbit, the Achilles tendon complex was dissected into six regions: distal gastrocnemius (DG); distal flexor digitorum superficialis; proximal lateral gastrocnemius (PLG); proximal medial gastrocnemius; proximal flexor digitorum superficialis; and paratenon. For each of the regions, hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed for histological evaluation of intact normal rabbit tissues and mRNA levels for proteoglycans, collagens and genes associated with collagen regulation were assessed by real‐time reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction for both the intact normal and OVH rabbit tissues. The distal regions displayed a more fibrocartilaginous phenotype. For intact normal rabbits, aggrecan mRNA expression was higher in the distal regions of the Achilles tendon complex compared with the proximal regions. Collagen Type I and matrix metalloproteinase‐2 expression levels were increased in the PLG compared to the DG in the intact normal rabbit tissues. The tendons from OVH rabbits had lower gene expressions for the proteoglycans aggrecan, biglycan, decorin and versican compared with the intact normal rabbits, although the regional differences of increased aggrecan expression in distal regions compared with proximal regions persisted. The tensile and compressive forces experienced in the examined regions may be related to the regional differences found in gene expression. The lower mRNA expression of the genes examined in the OVH group confirms a potential effect of systemic estrogen on tendon.