bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular characterization of Ralstonia solanacearum infecting Eucalyptus spp. in Brazil
Authors: Fonseca N. R. , Guimarães L. M. S. , Hermenegildo P. S. , Teixeira R. U. , Lopes C. A. , Alfenas A. C. 
Published: September 2013

SummaryAmong the bacterial pathogens of Eucalyptus in Brazil, Ralstonia solanacearum is considered one of the most important because of the characteristics of the pathogen, like the high diversity among the strains related to host range, high virulence, broad geographical distribution and its damage to the crop in recent years. Given its importance and the lack of research on this pathosystem, the present study aimed to perform a molecular characterization of different strains of infected Eucalyptus plants in Brazil. A total of 19 bacterial cultures isolated from Eucalyptus in different regions of Brazil were analysed. A 372‐bp product generated by multiplex‐PCR amplification using Nmult primers identified all the strains analysed as belonging to phylotype II. Eighteen strains were grouped into subclade IIA and one into subclade IIB. The phylogenetic tree generated from the gene sequences of endoglucanase (egl) confirmed the classification of the strains into phylotype II and separated the strains into sequevars. Strains AMC22, IBSBF2568 and IBSBF2576 were grouped into a single clade, as were strains UFV18 and UFV20, with 89% and 78% a posteriori probability, respectively, forming two new potential sequevars not yet defined. We also identified strains belonging to sequevars 41 (100% probability) and 37 (88% probability). However, most of the strains did not fit into any previously described sequevar and did not form distinct clades. The results of the analysis of fragments amplified using the ERIC‐PCR technique indicated the existence of genetic diversity among the strains studied, with a generally high correlation between similarity and the geographical origin of the strains.
Cell‐surface Notch1 expression identifies a primitive phenotype within CD34+CD38− haematopoietic cells
Authors: Portillo Virginia , Chadwick Nicholas , Lloyd Ruth , Jackson Dean , Buckle Anne‐Marie 
Published: September 2013

AbstractObjectiveNotch signalling has been implicated in haematopoietic stem cell self‐renewal. Although several studies have tested the effect of activating or inhibiting the Notch signalling pathway in stem cells, no study has yet determined the functional differences associated with expressing Notch1. The aims of this study were to characterise the expression of human cell‐surface Notch1 in cord blood (CB) CD34+ cells and to study the function of Notch in CD34+ cells in vitro.MethodsA monoclonal antibody against the extracellular domain of Notch1 was developed, and Notch1 expression in CB CD34+ cells was assessed by flow cytometry. CB CD34+ cells were sorted on the basis of their Notch1 expression and cultured in serum‐free media. Single sorted CD34+CD38−Notch1+/− cells were cultured for 8 wks on murine stroma monolayers and assayed for stem cell activity and lineage potential using a cobblestone area‐forming cell (CAFC) assay.ResultsCell‐surface Notch1 expression was characterised in various primitive CD34+ cell compartments including a small subpopulation of CD34+CD38− cells. We found the CD34+CD38−Notch1+ population to be enriched for stem cell activity. Moreover, CD34+CD38−Notch1+, but not Notch1− cells, demonstrated multilineage potential.ConclusionsThese data show that Notch1 is expressed on a functionally distinct subpopulation of CD34+ cells that is highly enriched for stem cell activity and multilineage potential and could suggest that Notch1 could be used as a novel stem cell marker.
Tyrosine kinase inhibitor‐induced vasculopathy in clear cell renal cell carcinoma: an unrecognized antitumour mechanism
Authors: Tsuzuki Toyonori , Sassa Naoto , Shimoyama Yoshie , Morikawa Takamitsu , Shiroki Ryoichi , Kuroda Makoto , Fukatsu Akitoshi , Kuwahara Kyoko , Yoshino Yasushi , Hattori Ryohei , Gotoh Momokazu 
Published: September 2013

AimsTo evaluate the pathological features of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), and to elucidate the mechanism of action of TKIs.Methods and resultsTwenty cases of CCRCC treated with TKIs (sorafenib or sunitinib) were retrospectively analysed: 16 were patients who had undergone radical nephrectomy after neoadjuvant TKI therapy, and four were autopsy cases of patients who received TKI treatment. All tumours had two distinct regions: one characterized by necrosis and/or degeneration, indicating antitumour activity; and the other characterized by no or few pathological changes, indicating the absence of antitumour activity. Vasculopathy of tumour vessels was observed in or adjacent to the necrotic or degenerative areas; a decreased density of endothelial cells was noted in the tumour vessels. Few or no changes of vasculopathy were observed in tumour vessels in the other CCRCC areas, indicating the absence or low levels of antitumour activity.ConclusionsThis is the first pathological report of vasculopathy in TKI‐treated CCRCC cases. Our data suggest that TKIs initially induce vasculopathy in tumour vessels, and consequently cause reduction or diminution of blood supply to the CCRCCs, resulting in antitumour activity characterized by necrosis and hyalinization.
A Future for Probation?
Authors: Deering John 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe probation service in England and Wales faces what is the greatest challenge in its history. It is currently facing a future which is being shaped by four competing and differing forces: its current case management approach as influenced by moves to more law‐enforcement practices; theories of desistance; new developments in offender engagement; and the emergence of Payment by Results (PbR). The article considers each of these influences and discusses how important they may be to the future of probation practice, concluding that the future of the service may be unrecognisable from anything that has gone before.
Desorption isotherms, net isosteric heat and the effect of temperature and water activity on the antioxidant activity of two varieties of onion (Allium cepa L)
Authors: Bouba Armand A. , Njintang Nicolas Y. , Nkouam Gilles Bernard , Mang Yannick Dimitry , El‐Sayed Mehanni Abul‐Hamd , Scher Joël , Montet Didier , Mbofung Carl Moses 
Published: September 2013

SummaryThe standard static gravimetric method was used to determine moisture desorption isotherms (MDIs) of two onion varieties (Goudami and Galmi Violet) at 30 °C, 45 °C and 60 °C in the water activity ranging from 0.055 to 0.83. The combined effects of temperature and water activity on the antioxidant activities of the onion varieties were also studied. GAB, Oswin, Smith and BET equations were tested to fit the experimental data. The net isosteric heat of sorption was calculated. Equilibrium moisture content (EMC), total phenolic content (TPC) and antiradical activity were also measured. The isotherm and the EMC vary significantly with the onion variety and drying temperature, irrespective of water activity (aw). Desorption isotherms were best described by the GAB model. The maximum net isosteric heats for Galmi Violet (32.58 kJ mol−1) were greater than those of Goudami (23.50 kJ mol−1) at each EMC. The TPC and antiradical activity of the Galmi Violet were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher than that of the Goudami at all investigated temperatures and water activities.
Two‐Sided Matching: How Corporate Issuers and Their Underwriters Choose Each Other
Authors: Fernando Chitru S. , Gatchev Vladimir A. , Spindt Paul A. 
Published: September 2013

In this article, the authors update and confirm the findings of a 2005 article that was the first to view corporate underwriter choices as the outcome of a two‐sided matching process in which issuers look to the abilities of the underwriters offering their services and underwriters focus on the quality of the issuers that wish to use their services. This view offers a contrast with both the conventional representation of issuer‐underwriter associations as one‐sided decisions (by either issuers or underwriters) and the classical economist's representation of a competitive market in which prices serve as the primary market‐clearing mechanism.In their examination of both initial public offerings (IPOs) and seasoned equity offerings (SEOs) during the period 1980–2010, the authors continue to find strong evidence that higher‐quality issuers associate with more reputable underwriters and lower‐quality issuers match with lower reputation underwriters. Moreover, when examining cases of underwriter switching between an IPO and SEOs by the same issuer, they find that cases involving the largest divergence in the relative rankings of issuer and underwriter were the most likely to produce a change of underwriter—and that issuers that experienced larger post‐ IPO increases in quality were more likely to find more reputable underwriters for their SEOs (than for their IPOs).The authors also find that the larger the number of offerings brought to market in a given year, the smaller the market share of the top‐tier underwriters, likely reflecting the willingness of the most reputable underwriters to turn down business to maintain quality and reputation. Finally, the most reputable underwriters appear to benefit from the fact that the issuers whose IPOs they underwrite end up raising larger amounts of capital, both at the time of the IPO and in the larger and more frequent seasoned offerings by such issuers that come after the IPO.This evidence in support of two‐sided matching suggests that, especially for high‐quality issuers, the reputation of the underwriters they contract with for security offerings is likely to be more important than the underwriting fees they incur. What's more, the authors' finding that the most reputable underwriters are less likely to lose high‐quality clients and have more stable market share—and that the higher‐quality issuers they attract end up raising larger amounts of capital over their lives as public companies—suggests that underwriters' investments in building and preserving their reputations have a large expected payoff.
Experiences of parents whose sons or daughters have (had) attempted suicide
Authors: Buus Niels , Caspersen Jimmy , Hansen Rasmus , Stenager Elsebeth , Fleischer Elene 
Published: September 2013

AbstractAimThe aim of this exploratory study was to gain further insights into the experiences of parents of sons or daughters who have attempted suicide and how these parents respond to the increased psychosocial burden following the suicide attempt(s).BackgroundSuicide is a major public health problem and relatives are understood as playing an important role in suicide prevention; however, suicide and suicidal behaviour affect the relatives' lives profoundly, both emotionally and socially, and the psychosocial impact on families is underresearched.DesignFocus groups with parents of sons or daughters who have attempted suicide.MethodsIn January and February 2012, we interviewed two groups of parents recruited at a counselling programme for relatives of persons who have attempted suicide. The analysis combined a thematic analysis with a subsequent analysis of how the themes were negotiated in the conversational interactions. The findings were interpreted and discussed within an interactionist framework.FindingsThe participants in the study described their experiences as a double trauma, which included the trauma of the suicide attempt(s) and the subsequent psychosocial impact on the family's well‐being. The pressure on the parents was intense and the fundamentally unpredictable character of suicide attempts was frequently emphasized.ConclusionBeing the parent of a child who attempts suicide meant managing a life‐threatening situation and the additional moral stigma. In part, the participants did this in the group by negotiating the character of the suicide attempt(s) and who was responsible.
Getting psychosocial interventions into mental health nursing practice: a survey of skill use and perceived benefits to service users
Authors: Butler Mary Pat , Begley Mary , Parahoo Kader , Finn Sophia 
Published: September 2013

AbstractAimTo investigate the use of psychosocial interventions by mental health nurses following training and perceived benefits to service users.BackgroundPsychosocial interventions are recommended to support the recovery of persons with enduring mental illness. Despite two decades of postgraduate training in psychosocial interventions internationally, implementation challenges still remain.DesignA cross‐sectional exploratory, descriptive survey was employed.MethodsA survey was mailed to the total population of nurses (n = 58) working in some health regions in Ireland who completed training in psychosocial interventions between 2005–2010. Data were collected between November 2011–January 2012, yielding a response rate of 64%. Descriptive and correlational statistics were used to analyse the data.ResultsThere were statistically significant increases in the use of psychosocial interventions post training. Cognitive behavioural therapy and family interventions were the least used interventions. Assessment and outcome measures, concordance therapy and relapse prevention were preferential interventions. Perceived outcomes for service users were awareness of relapse indicators, enhanced coping skills and fewer admissions. Case load demands, lack of access to supervision and time constraints prevented implementation. Free text comments indicated a dissonance between generic nursing roles and implementation of structured psychosocial interventions in practice.ConclusionsThe findings indicate a requirement for nursing leadership to legitimize psychosocial interventions as core nursing work. For service users to experience this type of nursing, we propose the nomination of dedicated psychosocial intervention nurses to multidisciplinary teams. Support through guidelines, clinical supervision and audit by senior nurse managers is critical to implementation.
Personality, interests, and career indecision: a multidimensional perspective
Authors: Burns Gary N. , Morris Megan B. , Rousseau Natalie , Taylor Josh 
Published: September 2013

AbstractResearchers have consistently linked neuroticism to career indecision; however, other personality traits have been inconsistent predictors despite sound theoretical arguments. Similarly, little research has examined a trait‐based analysis of the relationship between vocational interests and career indecision. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the structure of career indecision and to examine the prediction of this construct as both a unidimensional and multidimensional construct. Results suggest that career indecision is multifaceted and that both personality and vocational interests are more strongly related to career indecision than has been suggested by past research. Furthermore, consideration of this multidimensional nature can explain past inconsistencies in the relationships between indecision and personality.
Evaluation of the activity and safety of CS 21 barrier genital gel® compared to topical aciclovir and placebo in symptoms of genital herpes recurrences: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Khemis A. , Duteil L. , Tillet Y. , Dereure O. , Ortonne J‐P. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractBackgroundTopical or systemic antiviral drugs reduce the duration of genital herpes recurrences but may not always alleviate functional symptoms.ObjectivesTo assess the efficacy and safety of oxygenated glycerol triesters‐based CS21 barrier genital gel® vs. topical aciclovir and placebo (vehicle) in resolving functional symptoms and in healing of genital herpes recurrences.MethodsA prospective randomized controlled, investigator‐blinded trial of CS21 barrier genital gel® vs. topical aciclovir (reference treatment) and placebo (vehicle) was designed. The primary endpoint was the cumulative score of four herpes‐related functional symptoms (pain, burning, itching and tingling sensations). Secondary endpoints included objective skin changes (erythema, papules, vesicles, oedema, erosion/ulceration, crusts), time to heal, local tolerance and overall acceptability of the treatment as reported by a self‐administered questionnaire.ResultsOverall, 61 patients were included. CS 21 barrier genital gel® was significantly more efficient than topical aciclovir and vehicle for subjective symptoms and pain relief in genital herpes recurrences; additionally, time to heal was significantly shorter with CS 21 than with vehicle, whereas no significantly difference was observed between patients receiving topical aciclovir and vehicle. The treatments under investigation were well tolerated and the adverse events were comparable in the three treatment groups.ConclusionOverall, these results support the interest of using of CS 21 barrier genital gel® in symptomatic genital herpes recurrences. Accordingly, this product offers a valuable alternative in topical management of recurrent genital herpes.
Guiding Criteria for Hygienic Design of Food Industry Equipment
Authors: Costa Carlos Alberto , Luciano Marcos Alexandre , Pasa Andrei Marcos 
Published: September 2013

AbstractEquipment design for food industry should consider, in addition to performance, cost and quality requirements, further aspects regarding to hygiene and food safety. This paper discusses how information associated with hygiene aspects can be used as orientation criteria for equipment design for food industry. The study was based on specialized literature and national and international standards to establish valuation criteria for hygienic design. Eighty‐five criteria were established, grouped into six orientation classes, as follows: processes, materials, geometry, accessories, sealing and others. The criteria were validated through their application in a company which produces concentrated fruit juice, demonstrating how problems could have been avoided by using this valuation method.Practical ApplicationsThis work provides a contribution to food industry equipment in order to understand how to identify, classify and store the best practices for hygienic design of food processing equipment. In very specific sectors such as food equipment industry, the knowledge related to the equipment design is usually captured in a tacit manner. This paper provides a reflection on this subject and shows a way to organize this knowledge.
Determining the fibrillar orientation of bast fibres with polarized light microscopy: the modified Herzog test (red plate test) explained
Authors: HAUGAN E. , HOLST B. 
Published: September 2013

SummaryThe identification of bast fibre samples, in particular, bast fibres used in textiles, is an important issue in archaeology, criminology and other scientific fields. One of the characteristic features of bast fibres is their fibrillar orientation, referred to as Z‐ or S twist (or alternatively right‐ and left‐handed fibres). An empirical test for determining the fibrillar orientation using polarized light microscopy has been known in the community for many years. It is referred to as the modified Herzog test or red plate test. The test has the reputation for never producing false results, but also for occasionally not working. However, so far, no proper justification has been provided in the literature that the ‘no false results’ assumption is really correct and it has also not been clear up till now, why the method sometimes does not work. In this paper, we present an analytical model for the modified Herzog test, which explains why the test never gives a false result. We also provide an explanation for why the Herzog test sometimes does not work: According to our model, the Herzog test will not work if none of the three distinct layers in the secondary cell wall is significantly thicker than the others.
Development of a novel rhesus macaque model with an infectious R5 simian–human immunodeficiency virus encoding HIV‐1 CRF08_BC env
Authors: Huang Li , Kusagawa Shigeru , Zeng Haiyan , Yang Guibo , Sun Binlian , Miura Tomoyuki , Yang Rongge 
Published: September 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe CRF08_BC strain is one of the most predominant circulating Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1) strains in the Chinese pandemic. A simian–human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) encoding HIV‐1 CRF08_BC env is highly desirable to evaluate candidate AIDS vaccines in non‐human primates.MethodsSHIV‐KBQJ‐12, which carries the envelope glycoprotein from QJ001, an infectious molecular clone of HIV‐1 CRF08_BC, was generated. The replication capacity of SHIV‐KBQJ‐12 was determined both in human and rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and in Chinese rhesus macaques.ResultsSHIV‐KBQJ‐12 replicated efficiently in human and macaque PBMCs and displayed a preference for CCR5 as an entry coreceptor. Productive infection of two macaques by intravenous inoculation with SHIV‐KBQJ‐12 was confirmed.ConclusionsSHIV‐KBQJ‐12 is an R5‐tropic chimeric virus that can establish productive infection both in vitro and in vivo in Chinese rhesus macaques and will be useful to assess candidate HIV‐1 CRF08_BC vaccines in China.
Exploring the role of target specificity in the facilitation of vocational teachers’ innovative work behaviour
Authors: Messmann Gerhard , Mulder Regina H. 
Published: September 2013

The aim of this study was to investigate how employees’ innovative work behaviour is determined by the level of target specificity of innovation tasks, which refers to the concreteness of a task regarding the realization of an innovation. This issue was addressed in a study with 239 vocational teachers. The study investigated the assumption that employees have different task‐related needs depending on whether they engage in innovation tasks with low or high target specificity. That is, with increasing target specificity, innovation‐specific resources, such as perceived social support, become more important compared with general, work‐related resources such as perceived impact. In addition, the study aimed to show that intrinsic motivation for innovation is a crucial requirement at all levels of target specificity. By applying structural equation and path modelling, we found that (1) the engagement in innovation tasks with low target specificity (i.e., opportunity exploration) depended on perceived impact, (2) the engagement in innovation tasks with high target specificity (i.e., idea generation, idea promotion, and reflection) was facilitated by perceived social support, and (3) intrinsic task motivation enhanced the engagement in innovation tasks at all levels of target specificity and mediated the effects of perceived impact and perceived social support.Practitioner points

The development of innovations can be fostered if employees are encouraged to carry out social‐interactive and reflective activities such as sharing ideas and critically analysing conditions, tasks, processes, and outcomes at work.

The exploration of opportunities for innovation can be facilitated by a work environment and by job tasks, which provide experiences that increase employees’ perception of influence on work processes and outcomes.

Dimensions of innovative work behaviour that are related to the realization of an innovation can be facilitated by a work environment that supports innovation processes by encouraging an open dialogue about ideas, by providing appreciation and sociopolitical backing, and by guiding less experienced colleagues in the innovation process.

The engagement in all innovative behaviours can be enhanced by creating an intrinsically motivating work environment that contains collaborative work structures, a safe space for errors and reflection, and sensitivity for context‐specific problems and needs.