bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The efficacy in melasma treatment using a 1410 nm fractional photothermolysis laser
Authors: Wanitphakdeedecha R. , Keoprasom N. , Eimpunth S. , Manuskiatti W. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundMelasma treatment modalities including topical and procedural therapy have been employed with variable results and high recurrence rate.ObjectiveTo quantitatively assess improvement in melasma and side effects after 1410 nm fractional photothermolysis laser treatments and to determine efficacy at 1‐, 2‐ and 3‐month follow‐up after treatment.MethodsThirty volunteers with melasma were treated with 1410 nm fractional photothermolysis for four passes on full face and additional four passes on melasma area. They were randomly treated on one side of their face with 20 mJ at 5% coverage and the other side of their face with 20 mJ at 20% coverage. All subjects were treated monthly for five times. Melanin index, Visual analogue scale and Melasma Area and Severity Index score were measured at baseline and 1‐, 2‐ and 3‐month follow‐up after complete treatment protocol.ResultsThere was statistically significant improvement of Melanin index at 2‐ and 3‐month follow‐up visits, but not at 1‐month follow‐up visit. Visual analogue scale and Melasma Area and Severity Index score improved significantly on both sides at 1‐, 2‐ and 3‐month follow‐ups. The overall patients' satisfaction was significantly higher on the side treated with 20 mJ, 5% coverage. Adverse reactions included erythema, dryness and post‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation on melasma area. Those side effects were significantly more intense on the side treated with 20 mJ, 20% coverage.Conclusions1410 nm fractional photothermolysis laser treatment is a safe and temporary effective procedure for melasma; however, long‐term follow‐up is still needed. Only 5% coverage should be used to minimize risks of adverse effects.
Social support within a mother and child group: An ethnographic study situated in the UK
Authors: Peters Jane , Skirton Heather 
Published: January 2013

AbstractSocial support has been associated with positive outcomes regarding the mothering experience, and professional interventions have therefore been developed in formal settings to promote this. An ethnographic approach was used to consider the subjective experiences of mothers attending a professionally‐facilitated group for parents and children aged 0–4 years, focusing on relationships within the group and their importance within existing social networks. Qualitative data were collected from seven participants using interviews and participant observation. These were analyzed by the constant comparison method into codes, categories, and themes. Three themes emerged: past history, being a mother, and function of the group. To ensure mothers and children benefit from such groups, nurses who participate in developing and leading community interventions for mothers and their children need to be aware of the importance of maternal identity and the factors that can impact the relationships between mothers within group settings.
Isaiah’s Prophetic Instruction and the Disciples in Isaiah 8:16
Authors: Balogh Csaba 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Isa 8:16 is considered a key reference regarding the formation of the book of Isaiah and the role of prophetic disciples in this process. This article argues, however, that originally this verse had a more limited significance. The instruction to which v. 16 refers is to be identified with vv. 12-15 rather than an early ‘book’ of Isaiah. The expression ‘the instructed ones’ (of YHWH rather than the prophet) is applied to the prophet’s audience. This term reflects Isaiah’s characteristic view of prophesying as an act of instruction and prophecy as a form of teaching, and it does not presuppose the existence of any prophetic school. The view that sealing the instruction would allude to preserving prophetic teaching for the posterity is discounted here in favour of understanding the symbolic act as a metaphor from the legal sphere refering to authentication, with no inherent temporal significance.
Pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 polymorphisms in Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Dakar, Senegal: impact on rapid malaria diagnostic tests
Authors: Wurtz Nathalie , Fall Bécaye , Bui Kim , Pascual Aurélie , Fall Mansour , Camara Cheikhou , Diatta Bakary , Fall Khadidiatou Ba , Mbaye Pape Saliou , Diémé Yaya , Bercion Raymond , Wade Boubacar , Briolant Sébastien , Pradines Bruno 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Background
An accurate diagnosis is essential for the rapid and appropriate treatment of malaria. The accuracy of the histidine-rich protein 2 (PfHRP2)-based rapid diagnostic test (RDT) Palutop+4® was assessed here. One possible factor contributing to the failure to detect malaria by this test is the diversity of the parasite PfHRP2 antigens.

Methods
PfHRP2 detection with the Palutop+4® RDT was carried out. The pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 genes were amplified and sequenced from 136 isolates of Plasmodium falciparum that were collected in Dakar, Senegal from 2009 to 2011. The DNA sequences were determined and statistical analyses of the variation observed between these two genes were conducted. The potential impact of PfHRP2 and PfHRP3 sequence variation on malaria diagnosis was examined.

Results
Seven P. falciparum isolates (5.9% of the total isolates, regardless of the parasitaemia; 10.7% of the isolates with parasitaemia ≤0.005% or ≤250 parasites/μl) were undetected by the PfHRP2 Palutop+4® RDT. Low parasite density is not sufficient to explain the PfHRP2 detection failure. Three of these seven samples showed pfhrp2 deletion (2.4%). The pfhrp3 gene was deleted in 12.8%. Of the 122 PfHRP2 sequences, 120 unique sequences were identified. Of the 109 PfHRP3 sequences, 64 unique sequences were identified. Using the Baker’s regression model, at least 7.4% of the P. falciparum isolates in Dakar were likely to be undetected by PfHRP2 at a parasite density of ≤250 parasites/μl (slightly lower than the evaluated prevalence of 10.7%). This predictive prevalence increased significantly between 2009 and 2011 (P = 0.0046).

Conclusion
In the present work, 10.7% of the isolates with a parasitaemia ≤0.005% (≤250 parasites/μl) were undetected by the PfHRP2 Palutop+4® RDT (7.4% by the predictive Baker’model). In addition, all of the parasites with pfhrp2 deletion (2.4% of the total samples) and 2.1% of the parasites with parasitaemia >0.005% and presence of pfhrp2 were not detected by PfHRP2 RDT. PfHRP2 is highly polymorphic in Senegal. Efforts should be made to more accurately determine the prevalence of non-sensitive parasites to pfHRP2.
Clinical trials with new oral anticoagulants
Authors: Weiss C. , Harenberg J. 
Published: January 2013

SummaryTo compare the efficacy and safety of the new oral anticoagulants (NOAC), ideally head-to-head clinical trials should be performed. Given the expense of such an undertaking, it is highly unlikely that such a comparison would be performed. Therefore, there is a need for an unbiased comparative assessment of the benefits and risks of the NOACs, based on the available trial data. Indirect or mixed treatment comparisons may be an useful tool to overcome these limitations also known as network meta-analysis (NMA).The aim of this paper is to give an overview on published NMAs for dabigatran, rivaroxaban and apixaban, each assessed against warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation, and against enoxaparin in patients undergoing total knee and total hip replacement surgery, in order to obtain insights into the comparability of the adopted methodological techniques.
Randomized clinical trial of donor-site wound dressings after split-skin grafting
Authors: Brölmann F E , Eskes A M , Goslings J C , Niessen F B , de Bree R , Vahl A C , Pierik E G , Vermeulen H , Ubbink D T 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Background
The aim was to study which dressing material was best for healing donor-site wounds (DSWs) after split-skin grafting as there is wide variation in existing methods, ranging from classical gauze dressings to modern silicone dressings.

Methods
This 14-centre, six-armed randomized clinical trial (stratified by centre) compared six wound dressing materials in adult patients with DSWs larger than 10 cm2. Primary outcomes were time to complete re-epithelialization and pain scores measured on a visual analogue scale (VAS) over 4 weeks. Secondary outcomes included itching (VAS, over 4 weeks), adverse events and scarring after 12 weeks rated using the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS).

Results
Between October 2009 and December 2011, 289 patients were randomized (of whom 288 were analysed) to either alginate (45), film (49), gauze (50), hydrocolloid (49), hydrofibre (47) or silicone (48) dressings. Time to complete re-epithelialization using hydrocolloid dressings was 7 days shorter than when any other dressing was used (median 16 versus 23 days; P &lt; 0·001). Overall pain scores were low, and slightly lower with use of film dressings (P = 0·038). The infection rate among patients treated with gauze was twice as high as in those who had other dressings (18 versus 7·6 per cent; relative risk 2·38, 95 per cent confidence interval 1·14 to 4·99). Patients who had a film dressing were least satisfied with overall scar quality.

Conclusion
This trial showed that use of hydrocolloid dressings led to the speediest healing of DSWs. Gauze dressing should be discontinued as they caused more infections. Registration number: NTR1849 (http://www.trialregister.nl).
Multidimensional Analysis of Conflict Mediator Style
Authors: Kressel Kenneth , Henderson Tiffany , Reich Warren , Cohen Claudia 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis study explores mediator stylistic variations in a sample of professional and novice mediators. Participants mediated the same simulated conflict and reported on their in‐session thinking using a stimulated recall procedure. Mediators described themselves as stylistically eclectic, but this was not borne out by observational data. Multidimensional scaling identified two dimensions underlying mediator performance: stylistic orientation (relational versus settlement oriented) and level of empathic attunement. Qualitative analysis identified facilitative and evaluative variants of the settlement orientation and transformative and diagnostic variants of the relational orientation. The facilitative and diagnostic mediators performed more skillfully than their evaluative and transformative counterparts.
Niche partitioning between close relatives suggests trade‐offs between adaptation to local environments and competition
Authors: DeMarche Megan L. , Rice Kevin J. , Sexton Jason P. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractNiche partitioning among close relatives may reflect trade‐offs underlying species divergence and coexistence (e.g., between stress tolerance and competitive ability). We quantified the effects of habitat and congeneric species interactions on fitness for two closely related herbaceous plant species, Mimulus guttatus and Mimulus laciniatus, in three common habitat types within their sympatric range. Drought stress strongly reduced survival of M. guttatus in fast‐drying seeps occupied by M. laciniatus, suggesting that divergent habitat adaptation maintains this niche boundary. However, neither seedling performance nor congeneric competition explained the absence of M. laciniatus from shady streams where M. guttatus thrives. M. laciniatus may be excluded from this habitat by competition with other species in the community or mature M. guttatus. Species performance and competitive ability were similar in sympatric meadows where plant community stature and the growing season length are intermediate between seeps and streams. Stochastic effects (e.g., dispersal among habitats or temporal variation) may contribute to coexistence in this habitat. Habitat adaptation, species interactions, and stochastic mechanisms influence sympatric distributions for these recently diverged species.
Diphosphonylation of Aromatic Diazaheterocycles and Theoretical Rationalization of Product Yields
Authors: De Blieck Ann , Catak Saron , Debrouwer Wouter , Drabowicz Józef , Hemelsoet Karen , Verstraelen Toon , Waroquier Michel , Van Speybroeck Veronique , Stevens Christian V. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractDiphosphonylated diazaheterocyclic compounds were synthesized in a one‐step reaction by using dimethyl trimethylsilyl phosphite (DMPTMS) under acidic conditions. The reaction of DMPTMS with 1,5‐naphthyridine yielded the corresponding diphosphonylated product through a tandem 1,4–1,2 addition under microwave conditions. This tandem 1,4–1,2 addition was also evaluated for other substrates, namely, 1,10‐phenanthroline, 1,7‐phenanthroline and 4,7‐phenanthroline. Reactions under reflux and microwave conditions were compared. 1,5‐Naphthyridine and the phenanthroline derived substrates are less reactive than previously investigated quinolines. The experimental trends in reactivity were rationalized by means of theoretical calculations. The intrinsic properties, such as aromaticity and proton affinities, showed distinct differences for the various substrates. Furthermore, the calculated free energies of activation for the rate‐determining step of the tandem addition reaction enabled us to rationalize the differences in product yields. Both the theoretical and the experimental results show the substantial influence of the position of the nitrogen atoms in the (poly)aromatic compounds on the reaction outcome.
Electrochemical Deposition of Nickel Nanoparticles on Reduced Graphene Oxide Film for Nonenzymatic Glucose Sensing
Authors: Zhang Yue , Xiao Xianping , Sun Yujing , Shi Yan , Dai Haichao , Ni Pengjuan , Hu Jingting , Li Zhuang , Song Yonghai , Wang Li 
Published: January 2013

AbstractElectrochemical reduction and electrodeposition are two effective methods for the preparation of new nanomaterials for electrochemical sensing. In this work, the reduced graphene oxide‐nickel nanoparticles composite (RGO‐NiNPs) was synthesized using both methods mentioned above. The fabrication process was simple and easily performed. Then, the RGO‐NiNPs composite was characterized by SEM, EDS, and XRD. Furthermore, for the strong catalytic ability of the high‐valent oxyhydroxide species (NiOOH) formed in alkaline media, the composite was used as the matrix for nonenzymatic detection of glucose. Comparing with NiNPs modified glassy carbon electrode (NiNPs/GCE), the RGO‐NiNPs/GCE showed better sensitivity and stability. A low detection limit of 0.1 µM with a wide linear range from 2 µM to 2.1 mM (R=0.996) was obtained.
Using doctoral dissertations for a new understanding of disciplinarity and interdisciplinarity
Authors: Ni Chaoqun , Sugimoto Cassidy R. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis paper displays a preliminary result of studying disciplinarity and interdisciplinarity based on a new source of data: doctoral dissertations. By looking into the doctoral dissertations across more than a century, this paper aims to report the overall development of disciplines and the interaction among disciplines. Preliminary results demonstrate significant increases in the number of disciplines across the 20th century and the level of interaction among disciplines. This poster focuses on the 30 highest producing disciplines and examines the dependency of these disciplines on other disciplines (where dependency is measured by the proportion of dissertations within that discipline that are also labeled with another discipline). The data reveals that science disciplines (e.g., mathematics, chemistry, and physics) bare fewer interdisciplinary features than social science and humanities disciplines and that many contemporary social science and humanities disciplines (e.g., black studies and women's studies) are highly dependent. The implications of these preliminary findings and the areas of further investigation using this dataset are proposed.
A critical analysis of the effect of crosslinking on the linear viscoelastic behavior of styrene–butadiene rubber and other elastomers
Authors: Prabhu Rasika , Klitkou Rasmus , Medvedev Grigori A. , Caruthers James M. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe linear viscoelastic behavior in dynamic shear and tensile creep at temperatures from −30 to 70 °C is measured for an styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) elastomer cured with dicumyl peroxide to crosslinking densities between 0 and 23.5 × 10−5 mol/cm3. The G′, G″, and tan δ isotherms are analyzed by time–temperature superposition (TTS), where the tan δ master curves are consistent with those of Mancke and Ferry. However, to achieve the TTS in the lightly crosslinked SBR systems, an anomalous vertical shift is required in the narrow temperature region from 10 to 30 °C. The vertical shift factor in this temperature region is not the standard
${{\rho _0 T_0 } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\rho _0 T_0 } {\rho T}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\rho T}}$
from rubber elasticity. No anomalous behavior is detected in the equilibrium modulus, which is a linear function of temperature in accordance with the classical theory of rubber elasticity. In contrast to SBR, standard vertical shifts are required to effect TTS for uncrosslinked polybutadiene and an ethylene propylene diene monomer elastomer. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2013
On the analysis of a dynamical model representing gene regulatory networks under negative feedback
Authors: Ahsen M.E. , Özbay H. , Niculescu S‐I. 
Published: January 2013

SUMMARYIn this work, stability analysis is performed for a cyclic dynamical model of gene regulatory networks involving time delays, under negative feedback. The model considered has nonlinearities with negative Schwarzian derivatives. Sufficient conditions implying global stability of these types of GRNs are obtained. The special case of homogenous gene regulatory networks is also studied; in this case, the proposed stability conditions depend only on the parameters of the nonlinearity function. Illustrative numerical examples complete the presentation.Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neoliberalism as language policy
Authors: Piller Ingrid , Cho Jinhyun 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis article explores how an economic ideology—neoliberalism—serves as a covert language policy mechanism pushing the global spread of English. Our analysis builds on a case study of the spread of English as a medium of instruction (MoI) in South Korean higher education. The Asian financial crisis of 1997/98 was the catalyst for a set of socioeconomic transformations that led to the imposition of “competitiveness” as a core value. Competition is heavily structured through a host of testing, assessment, and ranking mechanisms, many of which explicitly privilege English as a terrain where individual and societal worth are established. University rankings are one such mechanism structuring competition and constituting a covert form of language policy. One ranking criterion—internationalization—is particularly easy to manipulate and strongly favors English MoI. We conclude by reflecting on the social costs of elevating competitiveness to a core value enacted on the terrain of language choice. (English as a global language, globalization, higher education, medium of instruction (MoI), neoliberalism, South Korea, university rankings)*
A Risk Scoring System to Identify Emergency Department Patients With Heart Failure at High Risk for Serious Adverse Events
Authors: Stiell Ian G. , Clement Catherine M. , Brison Robert J. , Rowe Brian H. , Borgundvaag Bjug , Aaron Shawn D. , Lang Eddy , Calder Lisa A. , Perry Jeffrey J. , Forster Alan J. , Wells George A. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractObjectivesThere are no validated guidelines to guide physicians with difficult disposition decisions for emergency department (ED) patients with heart failure (HF). The authors sought to develop a risk scoring system to identify HF patients at high risk for serious adverse events (SAEs).MethodsThis was a prospective cohort study at six large Canadian EDS that enrolled adult patients who presented with acute decompensated HF. Each patient was assessed for standardized clinical and laboratory variables as well as for SAEs defined as death, intubation, admission to a monitored unit, or relapse requiring admission. Adjusted odds ratios for predictors of SAEs were calculated by stepwise logistic regression.ResultsIn 559 visits, 38.1% resulted in patient admission. Of 65 (11.6%) SAE cases, 31 (47.7%) occurred in patients not initially admitted. The multivariate model and resultant Ottawa Heart Failure Risk Scale consists of 10 elements, and the risk of SAEs varied from 2.8% to 89.0%, with good calibration between observed and expected probabilities. Internal validation showed the risk scores to be very accurate across 1,000 replications using the bootstrap method. A threshold of 1, 2, or 3 total scores for admission would be associated with sensitivities of 95.2, 80.6, or 64.5%, respectively, all better than current practice.ConclusionsMany HF patients are discharged home from the ED and then suffer SAEs or death. The authors have developed an accurate risk scoring system that could ultimately be used to stratify the risk of poor outcomes and to enable rational and safe disposition decisions.
A comparison among tapentadol tamper‐resistant formulations (TRF) and OxyContin® (non‐TRF) in prescription opioid abusers
Authors: Vosburg Suzanne K. , Jones Jermaine D. , Manubay Jeanne M. , Ashworth Judy B. , Shapiro Douglas Y. , Comer Sandra D. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAimsTo examine whether tamper‐resistant formulations (TRFs) of tapentadol hydrochloride extended‐release (ER) 50 mg (TAP50) and tapentadol hydrochloride 250 mg (TAP250) could be converted into forms amenable to intranasal (study 1) or intravenous abuse (study 2).DesignRandomized, repeated‐measures study designs were employed. A non‐TRF of OxyContin® 40 mg (OXY40) served as a positive control. No drug was taken in either study.SettingThe studies took place in an out‐patient setting in New York, NY.ParticipantsTwenty‐five experienced, healthy ER oxycodone abusers participated in each study.MeasurementsThe primary outcome for study 1 was the percentage of participants who indicated that they would snort the tampered tablets, while the primary outcome for study 2 was the percentage yield of active drug in solution. Other descriptive variables, such as time spent manipulating the tablets, were also examined to characterize tampering behaviors more clearly.FindingsTampered TRF tablets were less desirable than the tampered OXY40 tablets. Few individuals were willing to snort the TRF particles (TAP50: 24%, TAP250: 16%; OXY40: 100% P < 0.001). There was less drug extracted from the TAP50 tablet than from the OXY40 tablet (3.52 versus 37.02%, P = 0.008), and no samples from the TAP250 tablets contained analyzable solutions of the drug. It took participants longer to tamper with the TAPs (study 1: TAP50 versus OXY40, P < 0.01; TAP250 versus OXY40, P < 0.01; study 2: TAP250 versus OXY40, P < 0.05).ConclusionsTamper‐resistant formulations of taptentadol (pain relief) tablets do not appear to be well‐liked by individuals who tamper regularly with extended‐release oxycodone tablets. Employing tamper‐resistant technology may be a promising approach towards reducing the abuse potential of tapentadol extended‐release.