bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between socioeconomic deprivation, ethnicity and health outcomes in preschool children with recurrent wheeze in England: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Lo David , Lawson Claire , Gillies Clare , Shabnam Sharmin , Gaillard Erol A , Pinnock Hilary , Quint Jennifer K 
Published: July 2024

Background
Preschool-aged children have among the highest burden of acute wheeze. We investigated differences in healthcare use, treatment and outcomes for recurrent wheeze/asthma in preschoolers from different ethno-socioeconomic backgrounds.

Methods
Retrospective cohort study using data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink linked to Hospital Episode Statistics in England. We reported number of acute presentations and hospitalisations stratified by index of multiple deprivation (IMD) and ethnicity; and factors associated with treatment non-escalation, and hospitalisation rates using multivariable logistic and Poisson regression models.

Results
194 291 preschool children were included. In children not trialled on asthma preventer medications, children from the most deprived IMD quintile (adjusted OR 1.67; 95% CI 1.53 to 1.83) and South Asian (1.77; 1.64 to 1.91) children were more likely to have high reliever usage and where specialist referral had not occurred, the odds of referral being indicated was higher in the most deprived quintile (1.39; 1.28 to 1.52) and South Asian (1.86; 1.72 to 2.01) children compared with the least deprived quintile and white children, respectively.
Hospitalisation rates for wheeze/asthma were significantly higher in children from the most deprived quintile (adjusted IRR 1.20; 95% CI 1.13 to 1.27) compared with the least, and in South Asian (1.57; 1.44 to 1.70) and black (1.32; 1.22 to 1.42) compared with white children.

Conclusions
We identified inequalities in wheeze/asthma treatment and morbidity in preschool children from more deprived, and non-white backgrounds. A multifaceted approach to tackle health inequality at both the national and local levels, which includes a more integrated and standardised approach to treatment, is needed to improve health outcomes in children with preschool wheeze/asthma.
Contrasting observables related to the $$N^*(1535)$$ from the molecular or a genuine structure
Authors: Li Hai-Peng , Song Jing , Liang Wei-Hong , Molina R. , Oset E. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this work we compare the predictions for the scattering length and effective range of the channels $$K^0 \Sigma ^+, K^+ \Sigma ^0, K^+ \Lambda $$

K
0

Σ
+

,

K
+

Σ
0

,

K
+

Λ

and $$\eta p$$

η
p

, assuming the $$N^*(1535)$$

N
∗

(
1535
)

state as a molecular state of these channels, or an original genuine state, made for instance from three quarks. Looking at very different scenarios, what we conclude is that the predictions of these two pictures are drastically different, to the point that we advise the measurement of these magnitudes, accessible for instance by measuring correlation functions, in order to gain much valuable information concerning the nature of this state.
Zeeman spectroscopy of cadmium lines
Authors: Rathi S. , Sobolewski Ł. M. , Sharma L. , Kwela J. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
A Fabry–Perot interferometry was used to measure with a precision of about $$10^{-4}$$

10

-
4

the Landé factor values of the levels issued from the 5s5p, 5s6d, 5s6s and 5s7p configurations of cadmium. Fully relativistic MCDHF calculations taking into account Breit and QED effects were performed to interpret the results of the experiment performed on the cadmium isotope 114. In addition to the four experimental Landé $$g_J$$

g
J

values, new theoretical results for 12 levels are reported for the first time.

Graphic Abstract
Towards a 1010 n/s neutron source with kHz repetition rate, few-cycle laser pulses
Authors: Osvay K. , Stuhl L. , Varmazyar P. , Gilinger T. , Elekes Z. , Fenyvesi A. , Hideghethy K. , Szabo R. E. , Füle M. , Biró B. , Halász Z. , Korkulu Z. , Kuti I. , Molnár R. , Ébert A. , Polanek R. , Buzás E. , Nagy B. , Singh P. K. , Hussain S. , Börzsönyi A. , Fülöp Zs. , Tajima T. , Mourou G. , Szabó G. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA project has been launched for the development of a laser-based neutron source with the few-cycle lasers available at ELI ALPS. Here we show the first experiments, when deuterons were accelerated from ultrathin deuterated foils at 1 Hz repetition rate with the use of 12 fs, 21 mJ laser pulses. The energy spectra of the accelerated deuterons were measured with Thomson ion spectrometers both in forward and backward directions. The accelerated deuterons induced 2H + 2H fusion reaction in a deuterated polyethylene disk. The resulting fast neutrons were measured with a time-of-flight (ToF) detector system, within which each detector consisted of a plastic scintillator and a photomultiplier, at four different angles relative to the normal of the neutron converter disk. We found good agreement with the simulated angular distribution and energy spectra. Here, we also present preparations for the next phases when the repetition rate is increased to 10 Hz. The developed flat liquid jet was demonstrated to accelerate protons over 0.6 MeV cutoff energy with a stability better than 4% for 15 min. We developed two further neutron measurement techniques: a liquid scintillator, the ToF signal of which was evaluated with the pulse shape discrimination method, and a bubble detector spectrometer calibrated against a conventional PuBe source. One of the first upcoming applications is the irradiation of zebrafish embryos with laser-generated ultrashort bunch neutrons. As this experiment needs to be implemented in vacuum, the steps of careful preparation and calibration measurements are also discussed.
Co3+ Doped CdFe2O4 Nanoparticles: Structural, Optical, Magnetic, and Electrical Properties
Authors: Satayanarayana Goud G. , Venkatesh Nakiraboina , Ravi Kumar D. , Ismail Ahmad Syed , Veerasomaiah P. 
Published: July 2024

Through the citrate-gel auto-combustion technique, we synthesized Co-doped cadmium nano ferrites (NFs) with the formula CoxCd1−xFe2O4 (where 0 ≤ x ≤ 1.0 with increments of 0.2). The synthesized materials underwent comprehensive analysis utilizing X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Magnetic and electrical properties were evaluated using a vibrating sample magnetometer and LCR meter, respectively. XRD analysis confirmed the spinel phase structure and FD3M space group. SEM analysis revealed agglomerations of nanoparticles and grain boundaries. Elemental analysis of the synthesized nanomaterials was provided by energy dispersive spectroscopy. FTIR spectroscopy identified two main broad bands corresponding to the tetrahedral (A) and octahedral (B) sites, confirming the spinel structure. Magnetic properties such as magnetic saturation, coercivity, and remanent magnetization were characterized using VSM. Additionally, the LCR meter assessed frequency and temperature-dependent dielectric parameters, including AC conductivity (σAC), dielectric permittivity, dielectric loss (tan δ), and impedance spectra. An increase in AC conductivity (σAC) was observed with increasing temperature and frequency.
Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Is Associated With Smaller Brain Volumes in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Claesson Tor-björn , Putaala Jukka , Shams Sara , Salli Eero , Gordin Daniel , Mutter Stefan , Tatlisumak Turgut , Groop Per-Henrik , Martola Juha , Thorn Lena M. 
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Type 1 diabetes has been linked to brain volume reductions as well as to cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD). This study concerns the relationship between normalized brain volumes (volume fractions) and cSVD, which has not been examined previously.Methods: We subjected brain magnetic resonance imaging studies of 187 adults of both sexes with Type 1 diabetes and 30 matched controls to volumetry and neuroradiological interpretation.Results: Participants with Type 1 diabetes had smaller thalami compared to controls without diabetes (p = 0.034). In subgroup analysis of the Type 1 diabetes group, having any sign of cSVD was associated with smaller cortical (p = 0.031) and deep gray matter volume fractions (p = 0.029), but a larger white matter volume fraction (p = 0.048). After correcting for age, the smaller putamen volume remained significant.Conclusions: We found smaller thalamus volume fractions in individuals with Type 1 diabetes as compared to those without diabetes, as well as reductions in brain volume fractions related to signs of cSVD in individuals with Type 1 diabetes.
Designing Equitable Worlds: Six Orientations to Evoke the Future
Authors: Carey Hillary 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This article proposes that designers can enhance and extend the efforts for social change by transforming concepts of equity and justice into material, informative, and interactive experiences. The framework introduced here outlines six orientations for evoking future outcomes in the present moment. These orientations stem from a synthesis of techniques from disciplines with varying perspectives on world-building (rhetoric, theology, political science, and art). It identifies multiple ways to evoke the future in the present. Shared and iterated through a series of workshops in racial justice contexts, the framework offers a structure for advocates to recognize how they are already building better worlds and how they can translate future visions into near-term communication pieces that engage people in their mission.
Design Thinking: Standing on the Shoulders of… Graphic Design!
Authors: Harland Robert , Meron Yaron 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Prominent design discourse or advocacy in the domain of “design thinking” rarely depicts graphic design consistently or with sufficient rigor and understanding about the field's role in the development of design studies. Nor do most advocates for graphic design proffer it to be little more than a vernacular activity when competing for academic attention, despite its widespread academic presence, industry prominence, and everyday practice. The arguments presented here offer a timely critical perspective on a frequently unchallenged prevailing discourse that has echoed consistent assumptions over several decades. We call for more integrity in respect for those who design in different communication contexts, more precision in discussing how graphic design has evolved and been portrayed, and more rigor in the thoroughness and care that research into graphic design and its associated fields demands. The outcomes will be of particular interest to researchers who draw on and re-present Buchanan's four orders of design concept and offer an alternative perspective to those who suggest graphic design relies overly on intuition when deliberating on design thinking.
Designing Period Shame: Period Product Advertising in Australian Women's Magazines
Authors: Connory Jane 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Graphic design, while a force for positive change, has played a role in perpetuating harmful societal norms. This article focuses on the design of period product advertising in Australian women's magazines, examining a century of advertising (1920–2020) to uncover visual patterns in messaging that have contributed to societal prejudices against menstruation. Three distinct themes were identified: describing periods as a disorder, coding the taboo, and keeping a secret. This research sheds light on the effect that graphic design and representation has on society and emphasizes the need for responsible graphic design practices in shaping a more inclusive and empathetic visual culture.
Shape of the Design Worldview: Does Language Inform the Design Sense?
Authors: Patil Koumudi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This article explores the possibility of interpreting the Banarasi design worldview of play and toys, as expressed in the Banarasi language in a community of toy designers in India. The author explored the Banarasi concept of play and toy design from the analysis of vernacular vocabulary and etymology from dictionaries, encyclopedias, and oral transcriptions of formal and informal interviews of toy designers, patrons, and shopkeepers. Besides Banarasi, Hindi (a dialect spoken in Banaras), Sanskrit (an ancient Indian language), and English (a language influencing Banarasi) vocabularies were also analyzed. The timeline of various words used to denote toys or their use revealed a pattern of change in the conception of a toy and its physical manifestation. This culture-specific meaning of toys as extended to rituals and ceremonies, their seasonality, and craftsmanship of local materials, broadens the definition of Banarasi khilona (toys) from ludic experience to a cultural representation.
Standardization of Dual-Doppler Radar–Derived Wind Fields during a Hurricane Landfall
Authors: Hirth Brian D. , Schroeder John L. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
A new methodology for standardizing radar-derived elevated dual-Doppler (DD)-synthesized wind maps to the near surface is presented, leveraging the spatial variability found within the horizontal wind speed fields. The methodology is applied to a dataset collected by Texas Tech University (TTU) using two TTUKa-band mobile radar systems during the landfall of Hurricane Delta (2020) in coastal Louisiana. Relevant portions of the DD wind fields are extracted from multiple heights between 100 and 400 m above ground level, combined into 10-min segments and standardized to a reference height of 10 m and an open exposure roughness length of 0.03 m. Extractions from these standardized wind fields are compared and validated against the standardized wind measurements from a micronet of seven TTU StickNet platforms providing “ground truth” within the DD analysis domain. The validation efforts confirm the developed DD wind field standardization methodology yields robust results with correlation coefficients greater than 0.88 and mean biases less than 1%. The results of this study provide a new means for incorporating elevated DD radar data into new and existing surface wind field analysis systems geared toward generating a wind field of record during a hurricane landfall.

Significance Statement
This work presents a new methodology for using radar-generated wind fields during a hurricane landfall to support the construction of a surface wind field analysis. Because radar-based wind measurements are inherently elevated above the surface and because the wind conditions well above the ground do not directly translate to the wind conditions experienced at the ground, a method for standardizing the elevated radar wind fields to the surface provides tremendous value to generating a spatially continuous wind field of record during a hurricane landfall event to better inform event response and recovery efforts. In addition, the need for detailed wind fields of record from landfalling hurricanes that approach structural design limits is critical as a single design-level storm can alter building code return period analysis. Detailed wind fields for these high-impact events can directly inform associated updates in building codes ultimately contributing to a more resilient built environment.
Dynamics of Bubble Plumes Produced by Breaking Waves
Authors: Peláez-Zapata Daniel , Pakrashi Vikram , Dias Frédéric 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Bubble plumes play a significant role in the air–sea interface by influencing processes such as air–sea gas exchange, aerosol production, modulation of oceanic carbon and nutrient cycles, and the vertical structure of the upper ocean. Using acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) data collected off the west coast of Ireland, we investigate the dynamics of bubble plumes and their relationship with sea state variables. In particular, we describe the patterns of bubble plume vertical extension, duration, and periodicity. We establish a power-law relationship between the average bubble penetration depth and wind speed, consistent with previous findings. Additionally, the study reveals a significant association between whitecapping coverage and observed acoustic volume backscatter intensity, underscoring the role of wave breaking in bubble plume generation. The shape of the probability distribution of bubble plume depths reveals a transition toward stronger and more organized bubble entrainment events during higher wind speeds. Furthermore, we show that deeper bubble plumes are associated with turbulent Langmuir number Lat ∼ 0.3, highlighting the potential role of Langmuir circulation on the transport and deepening of bubble plumes. These results contribute to a better understanding of the complex interactions between ocean waves, wind, and bubble plumes, providing valuable insights for improving predictive models and enhancing our understanding of air–sea interactions.

Significance Statement
This research contributes to understanding bubble plume dynamics in the upper ocean and their relationship with sea state variables. The establishment of a power-law relationship between the bubble penetration depth and wind speed, along with the association between whitecapping coverage and acoustic backscatter intensity, contributes to improved predictive capabilities for air–sea interactions and carbon dioxide exchange. The identification of the potential influence of Langmuir circulation on bubble plume dynamics expands our understanding of the role of coherent circulations in transporting bubble plumes. Additionally, this study presents a clear methodology using commercial sensors such as an ADCP, which can be easily replicated by researchers worldwide, leading to potential advancements in our comprehension of bubble plume dynamics.
Prophylactic exchange transfusion in sickle cell disease pregnancy: a TAPS2 feasibility randomized controlled trial
Authors: Oteng-Ntim Eugene , Oakley Laura L. , Robinson Vicky , Brien Sarah , Joseph Jeannine , Sharif Joseph , McCabe Laura , Thompson Hilary , Awogbade Moji , Johns Jemma , Brunetta Denise M. , Seed Paul T. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Serial prophylactic exchange blood transfusion (SPEBT) is increasingly used in sickle cell disease (SCD) pregnancy, despite a lack of robust evidence. The Transfusion Antenatally in Pregnant Women with Sickle Cell Disease (TAPS2) study assessed the feasibility and acceptability of conducting a definitive randomized controlled trial of SPEBT (intervention) vs standard care (control) in this population. Women aged ≥18 years with SCD, between 6+0 and 18+6 weeks of singleton gestation, were randomized 1:1 every 6 -10 weeks throughout pregnancy in 7 hospitals in England. The main outcomes were recruitment rate (primary outcome), acceptability, and retention. Secondary outcomes were safety and maternal/infant outcomes. In total, 194 women were screened over 42 months (extended because of the pandemic), 88 were eligible, and 35 (39.8%) consented to participate; 18 participants were randomized to intervention, and 17 to control. Follow-up data were collected on all participants. Twelve patients in the intervention group received at least 1 SPEBT, of these, 11 received ≥3. The remaining patient was withdrawn from SPEBT because of transfusion reaction. Sixteen control participants required at least 1 transfusion. There were no statistically significant differences in maternal, infant, and postnatal outcomes. A trend toward a lower incidence of vaso-occlusive crisis, preterm delivery, and improved birthweight was observed in the intervention. The study achieved satisfactory recruitment and retention, confirming its acceptability to participants. TAPS2 demonstrates that it is feasible to perform a definitive international trial of SPEBT in SCD pregnancy. These trials were registered at www.ClinicalTrials.gov as #NCT03975894 and International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number (www.isrctn.com; #ISRCTN52684446).
Assessing small hydropower viability in water-scarce regions: environmental flow and climate change impacts using a SWAT+ based tool
Authors: Garcia Xavier , Estrada Laia , Llorente Oliu , Acuña Vicenç 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWater-scarce regions, like the Mediterranean, face worsening conditions due to climate change, intensifying pressure on key economic sectors such as hydropower. Additionally, environmental conservation policies, particularly the implementation of environmental flows, present challenges for hydropower systems. Certainty regarding the impact of these factors on future hydropower production is crucial for informed decision-making in the transition to sustainable energy. This study introduces S + HydPower, a tool coupled with SWAT+ to assess climate change and watershed management effects on small hydropower plant (SHP) systems. In this study, we used this tool to investigate the consequences of implementing environmental flows and climate change on run-of-river SHPs in the Catalan River Basin District (CRBD), in Catalonia. The results show that applying environmental flows would lead to a significant 27% reduction in SHP production. However, this reduction would represent only 0.25% of the region’s current energy demand. Furthermore, the study reveals a potential 38% to 73% reduction in SHP production by the end of the twenty-first century due to the combined effects of environmental flows and climate change. This suggests a substantial decline in run-of-river SHP’s contribution to the CRBD’s electricity supply. These findings emphasize the need to explore alternative and sustainable energy sources to ensure the long-term reliability and resilience of the region’s energy supply.