bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Randomized Controlled Trial of Early Rehabilitation After Intracerebral Hemorrhage Stroke
Authors: Liu Ning , Cadilhac Dominique A. , Andrew Nadine E. , Zeng Lingxia , Li Zongfang , Li Jin , Li Yan , Yu Xuewen , Mi Baibing , Li Zhe , Xu Honghai , Chen Yangjing , Wang Juan , Yao Wanxia , Li Kuo , Yan Feng , Wang Jue 
Published: October 2014

Background and Purpose—
Mechanisms, acute management, and outcomes for patients who experience intracerebral hemorrhage may differ from patients with ischemic stroke. Studies of very early rehabilitation have been mainly undertaken in patients with ischemic stroke, and it is unknown if benefits apply to those with intracerebral hemorrhage. We hypothesized that early rehabilitation, within 48 hours of stroke, would improve survival and functional outcomes in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage.

Methods—
This was a multicenter, randomized controlled study, with blinded assessment of outcome at 3 and 6 months. Eligible patients were randomized to receive standard care or standard care plus early rehabilitation. Primary outcome includes survival. Secondary outcomes includes health-related quality of life using the 36-item Short Form Questionnaire, function measured with the modified Barthel Index, and anxiety measured with the Zung Self-Rated Anxiety Scale.

Results—
Two hundred forty-three of 326 patients were randomized (mean age, 59 years; 56% men). At 6 months, patients receiving standard care were more likely to have died (adjusted hazard ratio, 4.44; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.24–15.87); for morbidity outcomes, a 6-point difference in the Physical Component Summary score of the 36-item Short Form Questionnaire (95% CI, 4.2–8.7), a 7-point difference for the Mental Component Summary score (95% CI, 4.5–9.5), a 13-point difference in Modified Barthel Index scores (95% CI, 6.8–18.3), and a 6-point difference in Self-Rating Anxiety Scale scores (95% CI, 4.4–8.3) was reported in favor of the intervention groups.

Conclusions—
For the first time, we have shown that commencing rehabilitation within 48 hours of intracerebral hemorrhage improves survival and functional outcomes at 6 months after stroke in hospitalized patients in China.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.chictr.org/en
. Unique identifier: ChiCTR-TRC-13004039.
Cost-Effectiveness of Angiographic Imaging in Isolated Perimesencephalic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Kalra Vivek B. , Wu Xiao , Forman Howard P. , Malhotra Ajay 
Published: October 2014

Background and Purpose—
The purpose of this study is to perform a comprehensive cost-effectiveness analysis of all possible permutations of computed tomographic angiography (CTA) and digital subtraction angiography imaging strategies for both initial diagnosis and follow-up imaging in patients with perimesencephalic subarachnoid hemorrhage on noncontrast CT.

Methods—
Each possible imaging strategy was evaluated in a decision tree created with TreeAge Pro Suite 2014, with parameters derived from a meta-analysis of 40 studies and literature values. Base case and sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the cost-effectiveness of each strategy. A Monte Carlo simulation was conducted with distributional variables to evaluate the robustness of the optimal strategy.

Results—
The base case scenario showed performing initial CTA with no follow-up angiographic studies in patients with perimesencephalic subarachnoid hemorrhage to be the most cost-effective strategy ($5422/quality adjusted life year). Using a willingness-to-pay threshold of $50 000/quality adjusted life year, the most cost-effective strategy based on net monetary benefit is CTA with no follow-up when the sensitivity of initial CTA is >97.9%, and CTA with CTA follow-up otherwise. The Monte Carlo simulation reported CTA with no follow-up to be the optimal strategy at willingness-to-pay of $50 000 in 99.99% of the iterations. Digital subtraction angiography, whether at initial diagnosis or as part of follow-up imaging, is never the optimal strategy in our model.

Conclusions—
CTA without follow-up imaging is the optimal strategy for evaluation of patients with perimesencephalic subarachnoid hemorrhage when modern CT scanners and a strict definition of perimesencephalic subarachnoid hemorrhage are used. Digital subtraction angiography and follow-up imaging are not optimal as they carry complications and associated costs.
Brain Edema Predicts Outcome After Nonlacunar Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Battey Thomas W.K. , Karki Mahima , Singhal Aneesh B. , Wu Ona , Sadaghiani Saloomeh , Campbell Bruce C.V. , Davis Stephen M. , Donnan Geoffrey A. , Sheth Kevin N. , Kimberly W. Taylor 
Published: October 2014

Background and Purpose—
In malignant infarction, brain edema leads to secondary neurological deterioration and poor outcome. We sought to determine whether swelling is associated with outcome in smaller volume strokes.

Methods—
Two research cohorts of acute stroke subjects with serial brain MRI were analyzed. The categorical presence of swelling and infarct growth was assessed on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) by comparing baseline and follow-up scans. The increase in stroke volume (ΔDWI) was then subdivided into swelling and infarct growth volumes using region-of-interest analysis. The relationship of these imaging markers with outcome was evaluated in univariable and multivariable regression.

Results—

The presence of swelling independently predicted worse outcome after adjustment for age, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, admission glucose, and baseline DWI volume (odds ratio, 4.55; 95% confidence interval, 1.21–18.9;
P
<0.02). Volumetric analysis confirmed that ΔDWI was associated with outcome (odds ratio, 4.29; 95% confidence interval, 2.00–11.5;
P
<0.001). After partitioning ΔDWI into swelling and infarct growth volumetrically, swelling remained an independent predictor of poor outcome (odds ratio, 1.09; 95% confidence interval, 1.03–1.17;
P
<0.005). Larger infarct growth was also associated with poor outcome (odds ratio, 7.05; 95% confidence interval, 1.04–143;
P
<0.045), although small infarct growth was not. The severity of cytotoxic injury measured on apparent diffusion coefficient maps was associated with swelling, whereas the perfusion deficit volume was associated with infarct growth.

Conclusions—
Swelling and infarct growth each contribute to total stroke lesion growth in the days after stroke. Swelling is an independent predictor of poor outcome, with a brain swelling volume of ≥11 mL identified as the threshold with greatest sensitivity and specificity for predicting poor outcome.
Effects of obesity on health-related quality of life in juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Mina R , Klein-Gitelman M S , Nelson S , Eberhard B A , Higgins G , Singer N G , Onel K , Tucker L , O’Neil K M , Punaro M , Levy D M , Haines K , Ying J , Brunner H I 
Published: October 2014

Objective This study evaluated the effects of obesity on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) measures in juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (jSLE). Methods Obesity was defined as a body mass index (BMI) ≥95th percentile according to the Sex-specific Center for Disease Control BMI-For-Age Charts and determined in a multicenter cohort of jSLE patients. In this secondary analysis, the domain and summary scores of the Pediatric Quality of Life (PedsQL) Inventory and the Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ) of obese jSLE patients were compared to those of non-obese jSLE patients as well as historical obese and non-obese healthy controls. Mixed-effects modeling was performed to evaluate the relationship between obesity and HRQOL measures. Results Among the 202 jSLE patients, 25% ( n = 51) were obese. Obesity had a significant negative impact on HRQOL in jSLE, even after adjusting for differences in current corticosteroid use, disease activity, disease damage, gender and race between groups. Obese jSLE patients had lower physical functioning compared to non-obese jSLE patients, and to non-obese and obese healthy controls. Compared to their non-obese counterparts, obese jSLE patients also had worse school functioning, more pain, worse social functioning and emotional functioning. Parents of obese jSLE patients worry more. The CHQ scores for obese jSLE patients were also worse compared to non-obese jSLE patients in several other domains. Conclusion Our study demonstrates the detrimental effects of obesity on patient-reported outcomes in jSLE. This supports the importance of weight management for the therapeutic plan of jSLE.
Ethical conflict in critical care nursing
Authors: Falcó-Pegueroles Anna , Lluch-Canut Teresa , Roldan-Merino Juan , Goberna-Tricas Josefina , Guàrdia-Olmos Joan 
Published: October 2014

Background: Ethical conflicts in nursing have generally been studied in terms of temporal frequency and the degree of conflict. This study presents a new perspective for examining ethical conflict in terms of the degree of exposure to conflict and its typology. Objectives: The aim was to examine the level of exposure to ethical conflict for professional nurses in critical care units and to analyze the relation between this level and the types of ethical conflict and moral states. Research design: This was a descriptive correlational study. Central and dispersion, normality tests, and analysis of variance were carried out. Participants and research context: A total of 203 nurses were from two third-level teaching hospitals in Spain. Both centers are part of the University of Barcelona Health Network. Participants filled out the Ethical Conflict in Nursing Questionnaire–Critical Care Version. Ethical considerations: This investigation received the approval of the ethical committees for clinical investigation of the two participating hospitals. Participants were informed of the authorship and aims of the study. Findings: The index of exposure to ethical conflict was [Formula: see text]. The situations involving analgesic treatment and end-of-life care were shown to be frequent sources of conflict. The types of ethical conflict and moral states generally arranged themselves from lesser to greater levels of index of exposure to ethical conflict. Discussion: The moderate level of exposure to ethical conflict was consistent with other international studies. However, the situations related with family are infrequent, and this presents differences with previous research. The results suggest that there is a logical relationship between types of conflict and levels of exposure to ethical conflict. Conclusion: The types of ethical conflict and moral states were related with the levels of exposure to ethical conflict. The new perspective was shown to be useful for analyzing the phenomenon of ethical conflict in the nurse.
Inhibition of Akt signaling promotes the generation of superior tumor-reactive T cells for adoptive immunotherapy
Authors: van der Waart Anniek B. , van de Weem Noortje M. P. , Maas Frans , Kramer Cynthia S. M. , Kester Michel G. D. , Falkenburg J. H. Frederik , Schaap Nicolaas , Jansen Joop H. , van der Voort Robbert , Gattinoni Luca , Hobo Willemijn , Dolstra Harry 
Published: October 2014

Key Points
Inhibition of Akt signaling promotes generation of superior tumor-reactive T cells with stem cell–like properties. Adoptive transfer of Akt-inhibited tumor-reactive T cells results in superior antitumor effect.
Transglutaminase factor XIII promotes arthritis through mechanisms linked to inflammation and bone erosion
Authors: Raghu Harini , Cruz Carolina , Rewerts Cheryl L. , Frederick Malinda D. , Thornton Sherry , Mullins Eric S. , Schoenecker Jonathan G. , Degen Jay L. , Flick Matthew J. 
Published: October 2014

Key PointsGenetic elimination of the coagulation transglutaminase fXIII limits arthritis incidence and severity in mice. FXIII supports arthritis pathogenesis through distinct mechanisms linked to joint inflammation and osteoclastogenesis.
α-ψ-Geraghty contractions on generalized metric spaces
Authors: Asadi Mehdi , Karapınar Erdal , Kumar Anil 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIn this work, we introduce the class ofα-ψ-Geraghty contraction as well as generalizedα-ψ-Geraghty contraction mappings in the context of generalized metric spaces whereψis an auxiliary function which does not require the subadditive property and set up some fixed point results for both classes individually. Our results will extend, improve and generalize several existing results in the literature.MSC:46T99, 47H10, 54H25.
Measurement of muscle length-related electromyography activity of the hip flexor muscles to determine individual muscle contributions to the hip flexion torque
Authors: Jiroumaru Takumi , Kurihara Toshiyuki , Isaka Tadao 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
This study aimed to investigate muscle length-related electromyography (EMG) of the iliopsoas (IL) and other hip flexor muscles to determine individual muscle contributions to the hip flexion torque. Ten healthy sedentary young men participated in the EMG experiment. A subgroup of six subjects underwent a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurement to confirm the region of the skin over the IL. Surface EMG signals were sampled from the IL, rectus femoris (RF), sartorius (SA), and tensor fasciae latae (TFL) using an active electrode. The subjects performed maximum voluntary isometric hip flexion with the right hip joint set at -10°, 0°, 30°, and 60°. The root mean square (RMS) value for the TFL at 30° (0.81 ± 0.19, p <0.005) and 60° (0.66 ± 0.17, p <0.001) and the SA at 60° (0.62 ± 0.24, p <0.005) were significantly decreased compared with those at 0°. However, the RMS value for the IL and RF did not change significantly. The RMS value and muscle length changes were significantly correlated in the IL (r =0.39, p <0.05), SA (r =0.51, p <0.001), and TFL (r =0.70, p <0.001), but not in the RF (r =0.22, p =0.180). We conclude that, in a hip joint flexed position, the contribution of the IL to hip flexion movement is relatively larger than that of the other hip flexor muscles.
Relational Aggression and Response Decision Biases in Social Information Processing in Australian Adolescent Females
Authors: Jenkins Joanna M. , Fletcher Janet 
Published: October 2014

AbstractRelational aggression is becoming increasingly recognized as a very prevalent behaviour amongst females, especially within school settings. Robust findings have supported N.R Crick and K.A. Dodge's Social Information Processing Model (1994) as being a useful model in explaining physical aggression amongst males. However, little research has examined the model with regards to relational aggression in females and research that does exist has shown inconsistent findings. The current study examined the fifth step of the model, Response Decision, in a sample of female adolescents. The four factors that have previously been identified as contributing to the response decision step were examined, including response evaluation, outcome expectancies, self-efficacy evaluation, and response selection. In view of suggestions made by W.F.Arsenio and E.A.Lemerise (2004), level of moral reasoning was also examined with regard to how relationally aggressive responses were evaluated. These factors were examined within hypothetical relationally aggressive peer situations in relationally aggressive, overtly aggressive, relationally plus overtly aggressive and non-aggressive participants. The results show that compared to non-aggressive and overtly aggressive females, relationally aggressive females show a bias in the four processes of the response decision step. Differences in levels of moral reasoning were also found between the different aggression type groups. Hence the findings provide support for Crick and Dodge's (1994) Social Information Processing model in explaining relationally aggressive behaviour. The findings are discussed with regards to their implications for educational settings.
Wolfe-type second-order fractional symmetric duality
Authors: Jayswal Anurag , Stancu-Minasian Ioan M. , Prasad Ashish K. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
In the present paper, we examine duality results for Wolfe-type second-order fractional symmetric dual programs. These duality results are then used to investigate minimax mixed integer symmetric dual fractional programs. We also discuss self-duality results at the end.
H. B. Reitlinger and the origins of the efficiency at maximum power
formula for heat engines
Authors: Vaudrey Alexandre , Lanzetta François , Feidt Michel 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Even if not so ancient, the history of the heat engine efficiency at
maximum power expression has been yet turbulent. More than a decade
after the publication of the seminal article by Curzon and
Ahlborn in 1975, two older works by Chambadal and Novikov
were rediscovered, both dating from 1957. Then,
some years ago, the name of Yvon arose from a textual reference
to this famous relation in a conference article published in 1955.
Thanks to a historical study of French-written books not published for a long time,
and since never translated into other languages,
we bring to light in this paper that this relation was actually first
proposed by Henri B. Reitlinger in 1929.
Microwave-assisted alcoholysis of dialkyl phosphites by ethylene glycol and ethanolamine
Authors: Keglevich György , Bálint Erika , Tajti Ádám , Mátravölgyi Béla , Balogh György Tibor , Bálint Mária , Ilia Gheorghe 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA study on the microwave-assisted alcoholysis of diethyl phosphite with ethylene glycol revealed that after optimization of the conditions (molar ratio, temperature and time), the target “monomer,” (HOCH2CH2O)2P(O)H was formed in a proportion of 59 %, but with an incomplete conversion. The formation of the (HOCH2CH2O)(EtO)P(O)H and H(EtO)(O)POCH2CH2OP(O)(OEt)H by-products was, in most cases, inevitable. The alcoholysis with ethanolamine was more efficient and took place in a conversion of 100 % to afford H2NCH2CH2O)2P(O)H in a proportion of 85 %. An alkyl substituent on theN-atom prevented the alcoholysis.
Germline deletion and a somatic mutation of the PRKAR1A gene in a Carney complex-related pituitary adenoma
Authors: Iwata T , Tamanaha T , Koezuka R , Tochiya M , Makino H , Kishimoto I , Mizusawa N , Ono S , Inoshita N , Yamada S , Shimatsu A , Yoshimoto K 
Published: October 2014

ObjectiveThe objective was to assess involvement of loss of the PRKAR1A gene encoding a type 1α regulatory subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase A located on 17q24 in a Carney complex (CNC)-related pituitary adenoma.DesignWe investigated aberrations of the PRKAR1A gene in a CNC patient with a GH-producing pituitary adenoma, whose family has three other members with probable CNC.MethodsA gene mutation was identified by a standard DNA sequencing method based on PCR. DNA copy number was measured to evaluate allelic loss on 17q24 by quantitative PCR. The breakpoints of deletion were determined by cloning a rearranged region in the deleted allele.ResultsA PRKAR1A mutation of c.751_758del8 (p.S251LfsX16) was found in genomic DNA obtained from a pituitary adenoma, but not leukocytes from the patient. Reduced DNA copy number at loci including the PRKAR1A gene on 17q24 was detected in both the tumor and leukocytes, suggesting a deletion at the loci at the germline level. The deletion size was determined to be ∼0.5 Mb and this large deletion was also found in two other family members.ConclusionThis is the first case showing a CNC-related pituitary adenoma with the combination of somatic mutation and a large inherited deletion of the PRKAR1A gene. Biallelic inactivation of PRKAR1A appears to be necessary for the development of CNC-related pituitary adenoma.
HbA1c as a Predictor of Diabetes and as an Outcome in the Diabetes Prevention Program: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors:   Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group
Published: October 2014

OBJECTIVE
Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), a standard measure of chronic glycemia for managing diabetes, has been proposed to diagnose diabetes and identify people at risk. The Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) was a 3.2-year randomized clinical trial of preventing type 2 diabetes with a 10-year follow-up study, the DPP Outcomes Study (DPPOS). We evaluated baseline HbA1c as a predictor of diabetes and determined the effects of treatments on diabetes defined by an HbA1c ≥6.5% (48 mmol/mol).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We randomized 3,234 nondiabetic adults at high risk of diabetes to placebo, metformin, or intensive lifestyle intervention and followed them for the development of diabetes as diagnosed by fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and 2-h postload glucose (2hPG) concentrations (1997 American Diabetes Association [ADA] criteria). HbA1c was measured but not used for study eligibility or outcomes. We now evaluate treatment effects in the 2,765 participants who did not have diabetes at baseline according to FPG, 2hPG, or HbA1c (2010 ADA criteria).

RESULTS
Baseline HbA1c predicted incident diabetes in all treatment groups. Diabetes incidence defined by HbA1c ≥6.5% was reduced by 44% by metformin and 49% by lifestyle during the DPP and by 38% by metformin and 29% by lifestyle throughout follow-up. Unlike the primary DPP and DPPOS findings based on glucose criteria, metformin and lifestyle were similarly effective in preventing diabetes defined by HbA1c.

CONCLUSIONS
HbA1c predicted incident diabetes. In contrast to the superiority of the lifestyle intervention on glucose-defined diabetes, metformin and lifestyle interventions had similar effects in preventing HbA1c-defined diabetes. The long-term implications for other health outcomes remain to be determined.
Effect of Type of Cutting Tips on Cutting Forces in Turning
Authors: Polák Pavel , Žitňanský Ján , Ferancová Martina 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The aim of this article is to demonstrate the efect of cutting materials and geometry of cutting tips on cutting forces in turning as well as the quality and precision of machined surface. The experiment focuses on measuring cutting forces when turning a sample of steel 11 523 at a constant feed rate and cut depth and at varying speeds of a spindle. Measurements were made using exchangeable cutting tips of diferent types. The results will be evaluated in terms of the impact of diferent characteristics of cutting tips and variable spindle speeds.
Control of Electric Drives in the Best Efficiency Region of Pumping System
Authors: Bakman Ilja 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The paper concentrates on improving the efficiency of the pumping system in which pumps are run by variable speed drives. The method is applicable to system consisting of several centrifugal pumps. Problems arising from running the pumps outside the optimal efficiency region are discussed. Common principles of operation and control of typical boosting pumping station are represented. Methods of regulation of productivity of the system are described. The proposed method is based on prediction of future efficiency of pumps before making adjustments of pumping system productivity. The proposed method is basing on tracking the working point of pump on efficiency graph. Monitoring the location of working point vs. efficiency graph enables to evaluate its current and future distances from the best efficiency point of the pump. Knowing the current number of running pumps it is possible to predict the location of working point after adjustment of productivity of the system. Ability to predict the increase or decrease of efficiency enables to enhance the adjustment of productivity of the system. Methods of graphical analysis of working state of the pumping system are representing topic for future research.