bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving Technology of Clonal Micropropagation of Arctic Bramble (Rubus arcticus L.)
Authors: Макаров С.С. , Кузнецова И.Б. , Смирнов В.С. 
Published: July 2024

В статье приведены результаты исследований влияния различных стерилизаторов на приживаемость эксплантов княженики арктической in vitro. Определен оптимальный состав питательной среды и эффективность добавления в нее росторегулирующих веществ на этапах «собственно микроразмножение» и «укоренение размноженных побегов in vitro». Установлен состав субстрата на этапе адаптации ex vitro при клональном микроразмножении княженики. Даны рекомендации по оптимизации клонирования княженики арктической на разных этапах.
The article presents the results of studies on the type of sterilizers that influenced the survival of explants of the arctic bramble (Rubus arcticus L.) in culture in vitro. The studies are conducted in 2016–2018 in the Central European Forest Experiment Station VNIILM and Kostroma State Agricultural Academy. The influence of the composition of the nutrient medium and the addition of growth-regulating substances to it at the stages of «micro-reproduction itself» and «rooting of propagated shoots in vitro», as well as the composition of the substrate at the ex vitro adaptation stage during clonal micro-reproduction of the arctic bramble. The effect of auxins of IMC and Ecogel is studied when an arctic bramble added to the nutrient medium on organogenesis. The most active rooting took place in the variant with the addition of an IMC. Cloning of the arctic bramble is advisable to carry out on a nutrient medium 1/2 MS. The effect of various sterilizers on the survival of explants, growth regulators – on changes in the biometric indicators of the arctic bramble in vitro and the type of substrate – on the survival of ex vitro are studied. Recommendations for optimization of cloning of an arctic bramble at different stages.
Landscape Approach in Justification of Creation of Plantings of Quercus robur of Various Phenological Forms in the Bryansk Region
Authors: Сильченко И.И. 
Published: July 2024

Приведены результаты полевых фенологических наблюдений и ландшафтных исследований естественных насаждений дуба черешчатого с преобладанием деревьев ранней и поздней фенологических форм на территории Брянской обл. На основе полученных данных разработаны рекомендации по восстановлению дубрав с учетом экологических особенностей феноформ дуба.
This scientific article is devoted to an issue of studying of phenological structure of natural plantings of an English oak in the territory of the Bryansk region. The author considers the important area of work development and justification of recommendations on the basis of the received results for the solution of practical problems on increase in effectiveness of reforestation of oak groves. In researches the important part will be assigned to landscape approach. At the beginning of article the review of references on a research subject is provided. Short results of researches on questions of origin of phenological forms at an oak chereshchaty, to regularities of their distribution are given in various types of landscapes, to features of resistance to wreckers and diseases and abiotic factors of the habitat[1]. In the main part of article the author explained materials, techniques of phenological observations [2] and results of researches. Phenological observations on the put constants and the temporary trial areas were made [3]. As a result of application of a comprehensive landscape approach it was succeeded to reveal accurate regularities of confinedness of phenological forms to concrete types of landscapes of the Bryansk region [4]. Three types of plantings with various phenological structure were revealed. Data of results of scientific work are issued in the form of charts, maps and provided in the table. It is in conclusion told about the leading role of landscapes in differentiation of plantings of an English oak on early and late phenoforms around carrying out researches. The attention is focused on application of landscape approach to further studying of this question and accounting of the obtained data when developing and holding actions for creation of steady plantings. For each of phenological forms its silvicultural value is specified. By results of researches the author developed practical recommendations for more effective holding reforestation actions in various ways taking into account ecological features of phenoforms of an English oak, their resistance, confinedness to concrete types of landscapes and operating normative documents. It is important to pay attention to clear separation of parties of collected acorns of early and late forms among themselves when landing nursery. Timely holding actions for care of subbody height for third or fourth after the cabin increases effectiveness of reforestation processes.
Birch Wood Productivity in the Predkam’ye Conditions of the Tatarstan Republic
Authors: Ахметзянов М.Т. , Пуряев А.С. 
Published: July 2024

Приведены результаты исследований производительности березовых древостоев в условиях Предкамья Республики Татарстан. Проанализированы таксационные показатели березовых древостоев по типам лесорастительных условий и возрасту. Выявлено, что наивысшей производительностью характеризуются насаждения березы, произрастающие в условиях свежих раменей.
Research findings featuring birch wood productivity in the Predkam,ye conditions of the Tatastan Republic. Assessment of birch wood inventory indicators with regard to Tatarstan forest growing conditions and age. The highest birch productivity wasfo un dinwood sgrowingin fresh ramen conditions. The article assesses the productivity of birch stands in Predkamye of the Republic of Tatarstan. It is established that the stock of birch forests in the studied region is 12.68 million cubic meters wood. The main share of the stock is concentrated in the conditions of fresh suramen and ramen. The share of the growing area of birch forests is 18.8% of the total forest area of ​​the Predkam,ye of the Republic of Tatarstan. The age structure of birch plantations is uneven. The largest area is occupied by birch forests aged 20-60 years. The average age of birch stands is 50.5 years. The highest class of bonitet is characterized by birch stands growing in conditions of fresh surameni, the smallest – in raw ramen. Under the conditions of D2, birch stands have the largest average annual increment in stock, growing in the age range of 21-40 years (3.9 m3/ha). The main share of the area of ​​birch stands growing in the studied region belongs to medium-density plantations. Birch in the conditions of the Predkam,ye region of the Republic of Tatarstan is expedient and promising to grow as birch is easily renewed and forms a high-stands.
Method of Calculation of Rental Size for Use of Forest Sites in Federal Property
Authors: Воронков П.Т. , Жидкова Е.В. 
Published: July 2024

В статье рассматриваются недостаточно освещённые в лесном законодательстве вопросы изменения размера арендной платы за пользование лесными участками по уже заключенным договорам аренды. Из-за различного толкования положений отдельных нормативных правовых актов возникает большое число судебных споров относительно порядка индексирования ставок платы за единицу лесных ресурсов. Особое внимание в статье уделено применению поправочных коэффициентов к ставкам платы при расчёте годовой арендной платы за использованные лесные ресурсы. Обоснование предлагаемой методики строится на статьях федеральных законов, постановлений Правительства Российской Федерации и решениях Высшего Арбитражного Суда Российской Федерации.
The purpose of this article is to clarify the methodological approach to calculating the rent for the use of forest plots laid down in Russian forest legislation. The method used to achieve the goal of the study is to study in detail the provisions of the legislative acts regulating the procedure for calculating the amount of rent for the use of federally owned forest parcels and the decisions of the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation based on the results of disputes between forest users and regulators organs. The Forest Code of the Russian Federation establishes the procedure for calculating the minimum rent for the use of forest areas on the basis of the amount of forest resources withdrawn from the leased forest area, or on the basis of the area of the leased forest area [1]. The procedure for calculating the amount of rent for the use of forest plots under lease agreements concluded as a result of the auction provides for the indexation of rates of payment for the use of forest plots by means of upward coefficients established by law for each calendar year. Lease agreements for forest parcels should be concluded based on the results of auction bidding on the basis of model lease agreements, in which the tenant’s obligation is to pay rent in amounts that take into account coefficients to payment rates established by the Government of the Russian Federation of May 22, 2007 № 310 [2]. The conclusions are that the main difficulty in calculating the rent for the use of forest plots was to apply correction factors to the rates established in the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of May 22, 2007 № 310. The annual adjustment of the rates of payments for the use of forest resources with the help of multiplying factors should change only the regulated part of the rent, which is calculated on the basis of the volume or area of forest resources used and the rates with coefficients ennymi for a specific year. That part of the rent, which was established during the auction, remains constant throughout the term of the lease agreement for the forest area.
Quantitative Assessment of Coarse Woody Debris in the Forests of the Russian Federation According to the State Forest Inventory Data
Authors: Малышева Н.В. , Филипчук А.Н. , Золина Т.А. , Сильнягина Г.В. 
Published: July 2024

В статье проанализированы результаты научных исследований в области оценки древесного детрита – сухостоя, валежника и пней; методы количественной оценки запаса углерода в сухостое и валежнике, применяемые при составлении кадастра парниковых газов. Рассмотрены проблемы количественной оценки запасов древесного детрита в лесах Российской Федерации. Выявлены преимущества использования качественно новой информации, создаваемой при проведении ГИЛ, для более достоверной оценки запасов наземной и надземной части древесного детрита. На основе проведенных исследований представлены предварительные результаты количественной оценки запасов сухостоя, валежника и пней в лесах по данным полевых измерений на 27 403 постоянных пробных площадях ГИЛ, характеризующих 15 лесных районов Российской Федерации.
The article addressed the problems related to quantitative assessment of coarse woody debris in the forests of the Russian Federation. The results of scientific research in the field of quantitative assessment of coarse woody debris which includes snags, logs and stumps and evaluation of the amount of carbon stored in snags and logs applied in GHG inventory have been analysed. Advantages of sample plot state forest inventory data for reliable evaluation of deadwood stock were identified. Preliminary results of quantitative evaluation of coarse woody debris from plot-level inventory data collected on 27 403 state forest inventory sample plots in 15 forest stratums (forest regions with homogeneous site-growth conditions and management regimes) of the Russian Federation are presented.
Evaluation of Response of the Forest Is in the Pine Underbrush on the Introduction of Zinc Nitrate in a Field Experiment
Authors: Рыкова Т.В. 
Published: July 2024

Рассматриваются результаты моделирования воздействия азотнокислого цинка на рост и состояние сосновых молодняков в условиях полевого эксперимента. Дана оценка динамики биометрических показателей деревьев в молодняках сосны при разных величинах нагрузок азотнокислого цинка. Приведены результаты снижения категорий санитарного состояния деревьев с увеличением нагрузки цинка.
Heavy metals (HM) belong to the most common and phytotoxic environmental pollutants that trigger changes in forest condition and productivity in large areas. Despite sufficient research, regularities of specific TM dose impacts on forest plant and stand condition are still understudied. To address this goal field experiments were established in 15 year old pine plantations with the following manual soil applications of zinc nitrate salt (Zn(NO3)2·6Н2О) loads: control – 0g/m2, 7, 30, 90, 150, 225 and 300 g/m2 in 40 m2 plots. For the first time in a controlled pollution rate field experiment data on pine wood impacts to various zinc loads was found. Excessive Zn intake by tree organism resulted in pine needle chrome deficiency that could be triggered by breakdown of synthesis and photodisruption of chlorophyl and caratenoids. A year after Zn(NO3)2 application needle chlorosis was observed at 150-225-300 g/m2 in 13%, 47% and 94% of tress respectively while 225 and 300 g/m2 zinc loads reduced needle length and mass sufficiently. 2 years after zinc applications pine stand condition index began to deteriorate from 30 g/m2 load and reduced at 90 – 150 g/m2 to CI=1,7 (low poor condition), at 225 and 300 g/m2 to CI=3.45 (severely poor condition) and CI = 4.0 (decline condition). Stand condition decline was due to various condition trees redistribution while shift intensity from more healthy trees to poorer ones and mortality development intensity raised with metal load growth. By experiment end at Zn 225-300 g/m2loads 50-70% of stand were declining or dead trees so in fact it broke down. Zinc load increase resulted in reduction of axial shoot linear growth, over all observation years variation accuracy to the control remained sufficient at maximum 225 and 300 g/m2 zinc loads.
Forest State and Dynamics of their Species Composition in the Central Federal District
Authors: Кузнецова Н.Ф. , Сауткина М.Ю. 
Published: July 2024

Проанализированы современное состояние лесов и динамика их породного состава по 3 северным (Костромская, Ярославская, Тверская области), 4 центральным (Владимирская, Московская, Калужская, Смоленская области) и 4 южным (Тамбовская, Липецкая, Воронежская, Белгородская области) субъектам Центрального федерального округа. Выявлен неравномерный характер изменения доли сосны и березы в направлении с севера на юг округа. Анализируются причины ослабления в центре ареала связи «родители-потомки» и популяционной неустойчивости генофондов сосны, ели и дуба в местах их традиционного произрастания.
The analysis of the current state of forest cover and dynamics of species composition was carried out by 11 subjects of Central Federal District: 3 northern (Kostroma, Yaroslavl, Tver regions; Pinus sylvestris, Picea abies, Betula pendula), 4 central (Vladimir, Moscow, Kaluga, Smolensk regions; Pinus sylvestris, Picea abies, Betula pendula) and 4 southern (Tambov, Lipetsk, Voronezh, Belgorod regions; Pinus sylvestris, Picea abies, Betula pendula, Quercus robur). It has been established, that a birch increases its volume in the center of species range along the latitudinal vector, which is 33,2 : 41,4 : 13,5% in the north, center and south of District, respectively. It is shown that cross-specific competitive ability and survival rate of seed progenies of pine, on the contrary, are highest in the north and south, and minimal in the center of the species range. Most of seedlings are characterized by dwarfism, low viability and die during 1st vegetative season. The reasons of the irregular distribution of pine forests on the range territory, the apparent its gap in half over many years, and the factors, which accelerate or slow this process, are discussed. It has been suggested that the population instability of the gene pools of pine, spruce and oak at the territory of their traditional habitat in many respects is conditioned by the weakening of connections in the system “parents-progenies” as a result of plant evolution and forest cover on the whole.
Formation of the Structure Structure of Oak Plants of Natural and Artificial Origin
Authors: Стороженко В.Г. , Чеботарёва В.В. , Чеботарёв П.А. 
Published: July 2024

Рассмотрена вертикальная структура дубовых древостоев естественного и искусственного происхождения в зависимости от количества проведенных рубок ухода. Определена степень ослабления основных лесообразующих пород в ярусах древостоев. Установлена приоритетность пород в формировании вертикальной структуры древесного полога дубовых древостоев различного происхождения и степени их участия в данном процессе для условий лесостепи.
The article confirms the possibility of growing oak crops, which fully meet the status of oak stands, both in terms of the stock of wood and in the number of trees in the stand. This is only possible if you fully comply with the appropriate thinning rules. In the process of natural formation of oak stands to the age of the main sponge (120-140 years), the stand is transformed from oak to mixed deciduous with a predominance of the number of trees in the first tier of ash, Norway maple. Oak trees in the stands, regardless of their origin and age, are inferior in average values to trees of other species (with the exception of elm). In closed cultures, oak, even in the first tier, is subject to degradation to a much greater extent than other trees. The relationship between finding a tree in one or another tier of the stand with its condition was revealed only for oak in cultures where the whole complex of thinning was carried out. Oak trees that have emerged in the first tier are distinguished by a better condition than the trees of the same breed in the subordinate tiers. It must be borne in mind that the oak, being in the first tier, in turn has a very low state indicators in relation to trees of other species. The connection of the trees in the stand of the stand with their condition for other trees is either completely absent or has negative values.
The Current State of the Oak Trees of the Main Botanical Garden and Increasing the Stability of Pedunculate Oak
Authors: Савченкова В.А. , Гревцова В.В. , Касьянова У.Ю. , Цабаева К.А. 
Published: July 2024

В статье рассмотрено состояние дубравы Главного ботанического сада имени Н. В. Цицина Российской академии наук, изолированной от основного лесного массива. Приведены результаты исследования естественного возобновления дуба черешчатого, живого напочвенного покрова и подлеска. Выявлены факторы, влияющие на естественное возобновление дуба черешчатого. Сформулированы предложения по повышению устойчивости дубравы как уникального объекта.
The article is devoted to the problem of reducing the stability of the forest-forming species of the pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.). Plantations may need a set of special measures to improve their sustainability as a complex impact of negative natural and anthropogenic factors lead to the weakening of forests, deterioration of their sanitary condition, violation of their environmental, water protection, recreation and other functions. In the course of the study, the taxation characteristic of oak grove was studied. Factors that influence the growth and development of English oak were identified on the basis of the analysis of grouped data. Assessment of the state of undergrowth of the main forest-forming species was carried out on the territory of the Protected oak forest Of the main Botanical garden N. In. Tsitsina, undergrowth rocks, living ground cover. The impact of the degree of mineralization of the soil and density of canopy on the growth and development of the main components of plantations and their sanitary state has been studied. The account of windfall and dead wood of the main forest-forming species was carried out in the course of the study, path mapping. The unsatisfactory condition of the whole oak grove was noted due to the over-age. Preliminary conclusions were drawn from the analysis of experimental data. Onthebasisof these conclusions, proposals to improve the sustainability of the renewal of English oak as part of the Protected oak, including the development of a project for sanitary measures, care for planting, measures to promote the natural renewal of the forest and the restoration of oak by partial artificial reforestation under the canopy of the main plantings were created.
Experience of Сreation of Сultures of a Siberian Larch in the Tastarstan Republic
Authors: Зарипов И.Н. , Пуряев А.С. , Ильин Ф.С. 
Published: July 2024

Приведена оценка различных технологий создания культур лиственницы сибирской в Республике Татарстан. Показано, что в Республике Татарстан в условиях сураменей культуры лиственницы целесообразнее создавать чистыми по составу. Смешение лиственницы сибирской с сосной обыкновенной может быть рекомендовано только кулисами. Установлено, что производительность лиственничных древостоев и рентабельность их лесовыращивания во многом определяют количество и интенсивность лесоводственных уходов.
The paper makes assessment of Siberian larch plantation establishment and production in the Tatarstan Republic conditions. Studies were conducted in experiment sites both in pure and mixed plantations. Established under various technologies. Plantation ages in studied sites varies from 54 to 80 years, Our calculations found that mean larch tree height may at 60 years may vary due to forest growing conditions and silvicultural treatment quality from 19,4 to 24,3 м and averages 22,0±0,6 м. Mean tree diameter varies from 20,1 to 26,8 см and definitely depends on pine share in stand composition (r = -0,66), that varies from 0 to 41 %, dropping as it grows. Total stem timber growing stock in 69 year old larch plantations may vary from 283 to 516 м3/ha while large sixed and mid-sized timber stock – from 158 to 389 м3/ha that proves great opportunities in these forest parameter management with silvicultural operations. Larch plantations in the Tatarstan Republic suramen conditions are more appropriately called pure ones. Row moreover inter-row larch mix with pine results in forest productivity and viability decrease.
Poplars A. S. Yablokova in Green Areas of the City of Moscow and Settlements of the Moscow Region
Authors: Брынцев В.А. , Махрова Т.Г. , Аксенов П.А. 
Published: July 2024

Исследованы сорта тополей селекции А. С. Яблокова, созданные путем межвидовой гибридизации с дальнейшим отбором и вегетативным размножением (сорта-клоны): тополь советский пирамидальный и тополь Яблокова. Получено заключение о перспективности их дальнейшего использования для озеленения населенных пунктов.
The purpose of the research was to compare the varieties of poplar of A. S. Yablokov: poplar Soviet pyramidal and poplar Yablokov and to make a conclusion about the prospects of their further use. Objects for the study were uneven-aged specimens of these two varieties of poplars in Moscow and the Moscow region. The following indicators were evaluated: tree height and trunk diameter; crown indicators – the length and projection of the crown, the branch angle; leaf characteristics – leaf length and width, petiole length. The condition of the plants was determined according to a rating scale for categories of tree condition. Studies have shown that the poplars of these varieties differ from each other in all parameters studied. The coefficients of variation of the tree height and the length of the crown in all varieties in all plantations belong to the low and very low levels, which means that plants of the same variety grow evenly and at a certain age reach a certain size. The Soviet pyramidal poplar varieties and the Yablokov poplar feel quite well in urban plantings. Yablokova’s poplar is stable throughout life, the Soviet pyramidal poplar is less stable at older ages and by the age of 80 it weakens and dries out. However, it is more decorative than Yablokov’s poplar. Both of these sort selection of Alexander Sergeevich Yablokov showed themselves well in urban gardening, and can be recommended for widespread use in the future.