bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Color‐Tunable Luminescence of YNbO4:Ln3+ (Ln3+ = Dy3+ and/or Eu3+) Nanocrystalline Phosphors Prepared by a Sol–Gel Process
Authors: Lü Ying , Chen Chen , Li Shuailong , Liu Xiaoming , Yan Liushui , Dai Yuhua , Zhang Aiqin , Xie Yu , Tang Xinghua 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA series of YNbO4:Ln3+ (Ln3+ = Dy3+ and/or Eu3+) phosphors have been synthesized by a Pechini‐type sol–gel method. X‐ray diffraction, field‐emission scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy were utilized to characterize the prepared phosphors. The pure phase of YNbO4 was obtained after annealing at 1000 °C. The morphologies of the YNbO4:Ln3+ (Ln3+ = Dy3+ and/or Eu3+) phosphors are approximately spherical grains with a diameter of around 40–60 nm. The luminescence properties of the YNbO4:Ln3+ (Ln3+ = Dy3+ and/or Eu3+) phosphors were investigated by photo‐ and cathodoluminescence methods. Under the excitation of UV light and a low‐voltage electron beam, the YNbO4:Ln3+ (Ln3+ = Dy3+ and/or Eu3+) phosphors obtained show characteristic blue wide‐band emission from the NbO4 group, whitish light emission from Dy3+, and red emission from Eu3+. Energy is transferred from the YNbO4 host lattice to the Dy3+ and Eu3+ ions. Single‐phase white‐light‐emision was observed in YNbO4:Dy3+ phosphors under the excitation of UV light and a low‐voltage electron beam. The color rendering index of the YNbO4:Dy3+ phosphor can be further improved by co‐doping YNbO4:Dy3+ with the Eu3+ ion. The emission color of the YNbO4:Dy3+,Eu3+ phosphors can be simply tuned by changing the relative ratio of the Dy3+/Eu3+ ions. The prepared YNbO4:Dy3+ and YNbO4:Dy3+,Eu3+ phosphors have potential applications in UV white‐light‐emitting diodes and other optoelectronics display devices.
The Role of Solvent and the Outer Coordination Sphere on H2 Oxidation Using [Ni(PCy2NPyz2)2]2+
Authors: Dutta Arnab , Lense Sheri , Roberts John A. S. , Helm Monte L. , Shaw Wendy J. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractHydrogenase enzymes are reversible catalysts for H2 production/oxidation, operating with fast rates and minimal overpotentials in water. Many synthetic catalyst mimics of hydrogenase operate in organic solvents. However, recent work has demonstrated the importance of water in the performance of some model complexes. In this work, the H2 oxidation activity of [Ni(PCy2N(3–pyridazyl)methyl2)2]2+ (CyPyz) was compared as a function of acetonitrile, methanol, and water. The reactivity was compared under neutral and acidic conditions in all three solvents and improvement in catalytic activity, from 2 to 40 s–1, was observed with increasing hydrogen bonding ability of the solvent. In addition, the overpotential for catalysis drops significantly in the presence of acid in all solvents, from as high as 600 mV to as low as 70 mV, primarily due to the shift in the equilibrium potential under these conditions. Finally, H2 production was also observed in the same solution, demonstrating bidirectional (irreversible) homogeneous H2 production/oxidation. A structurally and electronically similar complex with a benzyl instead of a pyridazyl group was not stable under these conditions, limiting the evaluation of the contributions of the outer coordination sphere. Collectively, we show that by tuning conditions we can promote fast, efficient H2 oxidation and bidirectional catalysis.
Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Ammonio/Hydroxo Undecachloro‐closo‐Dodecaborates [B12Cl11NH3]–/[B12Cl11OH]2– and Their Derivatives
Authors: Zhang Yuanbin , Liu Jiyong , Duttwyler Simon 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAnions [B12Cl11NH3]– and [B12Cl11OH]2– were prepared in high yields from the known precursors [B12H11NH3]– and [B12H11OH]2– by using SO2Cl2. Reaction monitoring by 11B NMR spectroscopy and ESI‐mass spectrometry indicated that SO2Cl2 serves as a convenient chlorination reagent in both transformations. This chemical is an alternative to SbCl5 or chlorine gas, which have been used in reported procedures. [B12Cl11NMe3]– was prepared in 92 % overall yield from [B12H11NH3]– salts without isolation of the unmethylated intermediate. Starting from [B12Cl11OH]2–, [B12Cl11OS(O)CF3]2– was obtained unexpectedly by using Tf2O in pyridine/CH2Cl2 by a rare reduction process, while [B12Cl11OTs]2– was synthesized by using TsCl in pyridine. All compounds were fully characterized by NMR and IR spectroscopy and ESI‐mass spectrometry. [Ag(MeCN)4][B12Cl11NH3], [Et4N][B12Cl11NH3], [Me4N]2[B12Cl11OH], [Et3NH][Cs][B12Cl11OH], [Ph3PMe]2[B12Cl11OS(O)CF3], and [MePPh3]2[B12Cl11OTs] were studied by X‐ray diffraction.
The influence of meander bend evolution on the formation of multiple cutoffs: findings inferred from floodplain architecture and bend geometry
Authors: Słowik Marcin 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe evolution of meander bends and formation of cutoffs, including a series of cutoffs developed simultaneously in a number of bends, have been investigated by many researchers. However, relatively little is known about factors that lead to the development of multiple cutoffs that are formed subsequently at one location. The present study aims to determine the influence of meander bend development on multiple chute cutoff formation in a single bend. The research is based on the sedimentary record of meander migration and cutoffs preserved in a lowland river floodplain (the lower Obra River, Poland). Analysis of changes in meander geometry was conducted to describe the influence of their migration on cutoff formation and in other rivers where multiple cutoffs occurred. The results showed that multiple cutoffs in the lower Obra River have occurred during the last 3000 years, owing to the interaction of upstream and downstream controls: migration of meander bends in opposing directions accompanied by an increase of flood frequency and sediment supply. The flow and sediment supply has been further altered since the nineteenth century due to anthropogenic impacts: an artificial cutoff of the downstream bend and elevation of channel levées. Similar mechanisms driving the formation of multiple cutoff have been found in other river courses, despite significantly higher energy of the compared rivers. Moreover, development of a confined‐shape bend (caused by artificial barrier or autogenic bend behaviour) may also favour the formation of multiple cutoffs. However, counter migration of meanders enhanced by increased flood frequency and sediment supply are primary triggers for such events. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A hydropedological approach to quantifying groundwater recharge in various glacial settings of the mid‐continental USA
Authors: Naylor S. , Letsinger S.L. , Ficklin D.L. , Ellett K.M. , Olyphant G.A. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractData from six monitoring stations were combined with a soil‐water dynamics model (HYDRUS 1D) to achieve physically‐based estimates of shallow water‐table recharge in representative hydropedological settings of the glaciated midwestern U.S.A. Calibration involved inverse modeling that yielded optimized hydraulic parameters. Root mean square errors for modeled versus measured soil moisture contents were generally within 3% for all soil layers at the six study sites. The optimized models also accurately simulated recharge values that corresponded to observed water‐table fluctuations. Optimized parameter values were consistent with estimates from a pedotransfer function, lab analyses, and field experiments. Forward modeling indicated that shallow water‐table recharge in mid‐continent glacial settings is approximately 35% of precipitation, but interannual and monthly variability is significant. Soil parent materials and horizon characteristics influence recharge primarily through their control on Ks with clay‐rich till parent materials producing values as low as 16% and coarse‐grained outwash parent materials producing values as high as 58% of precipitation. During the three‐year study period, distinct seasonality of recharge was observed with most recharge occurring in the winter (seasonal mean of all sites was 66% of precipitation) and lesser but interannually stable amounts in the spring (44%), summer (13%), and autumn (16%). This research underscores the importance of incorporating pedological information into models of soil‐water dynamics and groundwater recharge. © 2015 The Authors. Hydrological Processes published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Drug‐conjugated polymers as gene carriers for synergistic therapeutic effect
Authors: Pofali P. A. , Singh B. , Dandekar P. , Jain R. D. , Maharjan S. , Choi Y. J. , Arote R. B. , Cho C. S. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe ability to safely and effectively transfer gene into cells is the fundamental goal of gene delivery. In spite of the best efforts of researchers around the world, gene therapy has limited success. This may be because of several limitations of delivering gene which is one of the greatest technical challenges in the modern medicine. To address these issues, many efforts have been made to bind drugs and genes together by polymers for co‐delivery to achieve synergistic effect. Usually, binding interaction of drugs with polymers is either physical or chemical. In case of drug‐polymer physical interaction, the efficiency of drugs generally decreases because of separation of drugs from polymers in vivo whenever it comes in contact with charged biofluid/s or cells. While chemical interaction of drug–polymer overcomes the aforementioned obstacle, several problems such as steric hindrance, solubility, and biodegradability hinder it to develop as gene carrier. Considering these benefits and pitfalls, the objective of this review is to discuss the possible extent of drug‐conjugated polymers as safe and efficient gene delivery carriers for achieving synergistic effect to combat various genetic disorders. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 698–711, 2016.
Measuring the in situ carbon isotopic composition of distinct marine plankton populations sorted by flow cytometry
Authors: Hansman Roberta L. , Sessions Alex L. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe carbon isotope ratio (δ13C value) of marine particulates is a potentially useful tracer for elucidating pathways of carbon flow in the marine environment. Different species of phytoplankton vary in fractionation vs. CO2 by up to 24‰ in laboratory cultures under varying nutrient and growth conditions, a signal that should propagate through the microbial food web. However, such contrasts have been difficult to confirm in field measurements due to analytical limitations. Here, we combine fluorescence‐activated cell sorting (FACS) with a specialized micro‐combustion interface and isotope‐ratio mass spectrometry (SWiM‐IRMS) to provide some of the first direct measurements of whole‐cell δ13C values for specific phytoplankton populations in the wild. For three samples collected off Scripps Pier in 2010–2011, Synechococcus averages δ13C values of −25.7 ± 2.0‰, Prochlorococcus averages −23.0 ± 1.3, and diatoms average −20.8 ± 1.7‰. Diatoms were ∼3‰ enriched in 13C when measured during a bloom (March 2011) as compared with mid‐summer (July 2010). Sorted particles thought to represent living heterotrophic bacteria averaged −25.4 ± 2.5‰, whereas total filterable particles averaged −19.6 ± 1.0‰, indicating a strong similarity to diatom biomass. These variations demonstrate that in situ differences in δ13C among different populations of particles can be exploited to follow carbon flow through successive trophic levels, and throughout organic matter remineralization, sinking, and preservation.
Hierarchically Structured Porous Poly(2‐oxazoline) Hydrogels
Authors: Haigh Jodie N. , Chuang Ya‐mi , Farrugia Brooke , Hoogenboom Richard , Dalton Paul D. , Dargaville Tim R. 
Published: October 2015

A new method for fabricating hydrogels with intricate control over hierarchical 3D porosity using microfiber porogens is presented. Melt electrospinning writing of poly(ε‐caprolactone) is used to create the sacrificial template leading to hierarchical structuring consisting of pores inside the denser poly(2‐oxazoline) hydrogel mesh. This versatile approach provides new opportunities to create well‐defined multilevel control over interconnected pores with diameters in the lower micrometer range inside hydrogels with potential applications as cell scaffolds with tunable diffusion and transport of, e.g., nutrients, growth factors or therapeutics.
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Risk factors and functional abnormalities associated with adult onset secondary nocturnal enuresis in women
Authors: Madhu Chendrimada K. , Hashim Hashim , Enki Doyo , Drake Marcus J. 
Published: October 2015

AimsThe study aims to evaluate bothersome lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), risk factors, and associated functional abnormalities in women reporting adult onset secondary nocturnal enuresis (SNE), to help understand factors associated with SNE.Methods12,795 women (age >18) attending a tertiary referral centre underwent a comprehensive standardized evaluation including urodynamic testing in accordance with the International Continence Society recommendations. Records of all patients reporting bedwetting while asleep were evaluated under various categories. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify statistically significant risk factors and urodynamic findings associated with SNE.ResultsThe prevalence of SNE in women undergoing urodynamic testing for bothersome LUTS was 14.4% (1,838). High BMI (OR = 1.47, P < 0.001), cigarette smoking (OR = 2, P < 0.001), antidepressant usage (OR = 1.8, P < 0.001), neurological conditions (OR = 2.12, P < 0.001), and previous hysterectomy (OR = 1.19, P = 0.03) were significantly associated with SNE. Women with SNE significantly complained of overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms (OR = 1.65, P < 0.001) and slightly higher mean nocturia episodes (OR = 1.38, P < 0.0001). Low maximum urethral closure pressure (MUCP) (OR = 1.34, P < 0.0001) and detrusor overactivity incontinence (DOI) (OR = 1.75, P < 0.0001) were significantly associated with SNE. There was no significant association with the symptom of stress urinary incontinence (P = 0.264), urodynamic stress incontinence (P = 0.454) or detrusor overactivity (P = 0.231).ConclusionWomen with adult SNE usually present with OAB symptoms. SNE is associated with high BMI, cigarette smoking, antidepressant use, and neurological conditions. DOI and a low MUCP are possible pathophysiological mechanisms in SNE. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:188–191, 2017. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Israeli Technicians and the Post‐Colonial Racial Triangle in Papua New Guinea
Authors: Cox John 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPapua New Guinean imaginings of Israel as a potential development partner draw on Christian renderings of the Bible, but they also reflect an understanding of Israel as a modern, technologically advanced nation. As middle‐class Papua New Guineans reflect on the failures of national development since gaining independence from Australia, they express ambivalence about the appropriateness of Western models of development for the Papua New Guinean context. However, the influx of Asian investment is also seen as lacking, or even threatening; therefore, Asian models of development also fail to offer an appealing hope for the future. In this paper, I argue that these racialised understandings of modernity represent a ‘post‐colonial racial triangle’, a discursive field within which the moral implications of development are understood and debated. Within this triangle, Melanesians are thought to have ‘culture’ and (Christian) ‘morality’ but lack ‘development’. Australians or ‘whitemen’ are thought to have ‘development’ and ‘morality’ but to lack ‘culture’. ‘Asians’ are thought to have ‘development’ and ‘culture’ but to lack (Christian) morality. Taking this moral framing of race into account, Israel emerges as a possible aid donor with the credentials to reconcile these three positions as it is seen to be the possessor of ‘development’, ‘culture’, and ‘morality’.
New treatments for type 2 diabetes: are we any closer to reducing iatrogenic hypoglycaemia?
Authors: Seewoodhary Jason , Wong Stephen Phooi Yew , Ekanayake Kaharanthilaka Poojanie 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe barrier of iatrogenic hypoglycaemia has limited the utility and safety of conventional diabetes medications. Novel agents for type 2 diabetes aim to surmount the impediment of iatrogenic hypoglycaemia and unmask the full realisation and benefits of achieving sustained euglycaemia over a lifetime of diabetes.This review aims to critically consider the risk of iatrogenic hypoglycaemia allied with newer agents for type 2 diabetes, used alone and in combination with other diabetes therapies, and how this risk can be minimised. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of GLP‐1 receptor agonists as weight loss agents in patients with and without type 2 diabetes
Authors: Dar Shujah , Tahrani Abd A , Piya Milan K 
Published: October 2015

AbstractObesity contributes to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease. A modest weight loss of 5–10% can have significant impact on glucose control, medications use and patients’ functionality and quality of life. Until recently, only orlistat was approved in Europe for weight loss. Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1 RAs) have been shown to improve glycaemia in patients with T2DM with an added benefit of weight reduction. However, the weight loss varies considerably within class and between individuals with up to 30% of patients not losing weight with GLP‐1 RA treatment.GLP‐1 RAs were placed as a possible second‐line treatment as an add on to metformin by the latest ADA/EASD joint guidelines while NICE placed them as third‐line agents for patients with T2DM and a body mass index (BMI) ≥35kg/m2 and inadequate glycaemic control. NICE recommended that GLP‐1 RAs can be used in patients with BMI <35kg/m2 in ethnic groups, when used as an alternative to insulin where insulin treatment has vocational implications, or if weight loss would be beneficial for other medical reasons. A GLP‐1 RA (Saxenda) has recently been approved by the FDA and EMA as a weight loss treatment in patients without T2DM.This paper aims to review the impact of GLP‐1 RA treatment on weight loss in patients with and without diabetes, from clinical trials as well as real‐life UK data from the ABCD nationwide audits, and also discuss the future role of GLP‐1 RAs. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fracture and thermal aging of resin‐filled silicone elastomers
Authors: Yeh C. Joshua , Dowland Matt , Schmidt Randall G. , Shull Kenneth R. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTThe role of nano‐sized resin fillers on the fracture and viscoelastic behavior of silicones was examined in the context of thermal aging. Systems with different resin volume fractions and resin glass transition temperatures were compared. X‐ray scattering patterns were collected over a wide range of q‐values in order to provide insight into the physical structure of the silicone elastomers. Additionally, tensile, dynamic mechanical, and fracture tests were performed. Temperature shift factors obtained from the dynamic mechanical data were used to obtain master plots of the fracture toughness as a function of reduced crack velocity. The elastic modulus for each of the materials increased as a function of thermal aging time, and the high‐temperature fracture behavior for each of the systems was reduced to values characteristic of unfilled systems after 14 days of aging at 200 °C. In order to obtain an accurate representation of the viscoelastic response of the materials in the megahertz frequency regime, quartz crystal resonators were used to measure mass changes and rheological properties after thermal aging. The results are consistent with a simple picture of dynamic heterogeneity, where high toughness requires that regions with different dynamic properties exist within the sample. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016, 54, 263–273
Behaviour abstraction adequacy criteria for API call protocol testing
Authors: Czemerinski Hernan , Braberman Victor , Uchitel Sebastian 
Published: October 2015

SummaryCode artefacts that have non‐trivial requirements with respect to the ordering in which their methods or procedures ought to be called are common and appear, for instance, in the form of API implementations and objects. Testing such code artefacts to gain confidence that they conform to their intended protocols is an important and challenging problem. This paper proposes conformance testing adequacy criteria based on covering an abstraction of the intended behaviour's semantics. Thus, the criteria are independent of the specification language and structure used to describe the intended protocol and the language used to implement it. As a consequence, the results may be of use to black box conformance testing approaches in general. Experimental results show that the criteria are a good predictor for fault detection for protocol conformance and for classical structural coverage criteria such as statement and branch coverage. They also show that the division of the domain derived from the criterion produces subdomains such that most of its inputs are fault revealing. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cities of Choice: Elective Affinities and the Transformation of Western European Urbanity from the mid-1950s to the early 1980s
Authors: FÖLLMER MORITZ 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis article discusses the meanings and effects of personal choice and elective affinities in Western European cities from the mid-1950s to the early 1980s. The first section shows how the notion of choosing one's surroundings and relations underpinned the development of ‘modern’ apartment buildings, suburban homes and road networks but also attracted significant criticism. The second section argues that this notion soon was not only criticised, but came under pressure by New Left activists, whose emphatically different elective affinities led them to create alternative spaces such as communal apartments and squatted houses. In so doing, they reinvigorated urban life, but also diluted their initial political project and triggered a conservative counter-reaction.