bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perianal pruritus in dogs with skin disease
Authors: Maina Elisa , Galzerano Mario , Noli Chiara 
Published: May 2014

BackgroundPerianal pruritus has been reported in dogs with anal sac disease but not in healthy dogs. Some authors describe it as typical of allergy, but there is little evidence in support of this.Hypothesis/ObjectivesThe aim was to investigate the association between perianal pruritus and canine atopic dermatitis (CAD), adverse food reaction (ARF) and other skin diseases in dogs.AnimalsTwo hundred and fifty privately owned dogs with skin disease and without anal sac disease.MethodsThe presence or absence of perianal pruritus, macroscopic and cytological evaluation of the perianal skin surface and the macroscopic appearance of anal sac contents were assessed. Chi‐square and Fisher's exact tests were performed to compare the frequency of perianal pruritus with the clinical diagnoses and with clinical and cytological parameters.ResultsPerianal pruritus was seen in 39 of 75 dogs withCAD, in 29 of 57 dogs withARFand in only 24 of 118 dogs with other conditions. The frequency of perianal pruritus in dogs withCADand/orARFwas significantly higher than that in dogs with other diagnoses (P < 0.0001). No other disease was significantly associated with perianal pruritus. Perianal pruritus was significantly associated with signs of perianal alopecia, erythema, excoriations, lichenification and hyperpigmentation; it was not associated with the presence of bacteria or yeasts or with anal sac impaction.Conclusions and clinical importancePerianal pruritus was seen more frequently in dogs withAFR/CADthan with other dermatological diseases. This is the first study to evaluate perianal pruritus in dogs with skin disease and without anal sac disease.
Dermatomyositis‐like disease in a Rottweiler
Authors: Bresciani Francesca , Zagnoli Laura , Fracassi Federico , Bianchi Ezio , Cantile Carlo , Abramo Francesca , Pietra Marco 
Published: May 2014

BackgroundCanine dermatomyositis is a hereditary disease described in collies and Shetland sheep dogs and their cross‐breeds. A similar disease, called dermatomyositis‐like disease, has been described occasionally in other breeds but never in the Rottweiler.Hypothesis/ObjectivesWe report on the clinicopathological findings associated with dermatomyositis‐like disease in a Rottweiler.AnimalA 7‐month‐old female Rottweiler was referred for dermatological abnormalities, regurgitation and weakness. Cutaneous abnormalities included alopecia, crusting and scaling on the inner surface of the pinnae, the tip of the tail, periorbital and perilabial skin. The dog also presented onychogryphosis and onychalgia.MethodsComplete blood count, serum biochemistry panel, thoracic radiographs, electromyography, nerve‐conduction studies and skin and muscle biopsies were performed.ResultsMegaoesophagus, pneumonia, ischaemic dermatopathy and generalized myositis were documented. The final diagnosis was dermatomyositis‐like disease.Conclusions and clinical importanceThis is the first report of dermatomyositis‐like disease in a Rottweiler.
Formation mechanisms for the dominant kinks with different angles in InP nanowires
Authors: Zhang Minghuan , Wang Fengyun , Wang Chao , Wang Yiqian , Yip SenPo , Ho Johnny C 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The morphologies and microstructures of kinked InP nanowires (NWs) prepared by solid-source chemical vapor deposition method were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Statistical analysis and structural characterization reveal that four different kinds of kinks are dominant in the grown InP NWs with a bending angle of approximately 70°, 90°, 110°, and 170°, respectively. The formation mechanisms of these kinks are discussed. Specifically, the existence of kinks with bending angles of approximately 70° and 110° are mainly attributed to the occurrence of stacking faults and nanotwins in the NWs, which could easily form by the glide of {111} planes, while approximately 90° kinks result from the local amorphorization of InP NWs. Also, approximately 170° kinks are mainly caused by small-angle boundaries, where the insertion of extra atomic planes could make the NWs slightly bent. In addition, multiple kinks with various angles are also observed. Importantly, all these results are beneficial to understand the formation mechanisms of kinks in compound semiconductor NWs, which could guide the design of nanostructured materials, morphologies, microstructures, and/or enhanced mechanical properties.
PAR2-Mediated Upregulation of BDNF Contributes to Central Sensitization in Bone Cancer Pain
Authors: Bao Yanju , Hou Wei , Liu Rui , Gao Yebo , Kong Xiangying , Yang Liping , Shi Zhan , Li Weidong , Zheng Honggang , Jiang Shulong , Li Conghuang , Qin Yinggang , Hua Baojin 
Published: May 2014

Background: Bone cancer pain is currently a major clinical challenge for the management of cancer patients, and the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the spinal sensitization remain unclear. While several studies demonstrated the critical role of proteinase-activated receptor (PAR2) in the pathogenesis of several types of inflammatory or neuropathic pain, the involvement of spinal PAR2 and the pertinent signaling in the central sensitization is not determined yet in the rodent model of bone cancer pain. Findings: Implantation of tumor cells into the tibias induced significant thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia, and enhanced glutamatergic strength in the ipsilateral dorsal horn. Significantly increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression was detected in the dorsal horn, and blockade of spinal BDNF signaling attenuated the enhancement of glutamatergic strength, thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia in the rats with bone cancer pain. Significantly increased spinal PAR2 expression was also observed, and inhibition of PAR2 signaling ameliorated BDNF upsurge, enhanced glutamatergic strength, and thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia. Inhibition of NF-κB pathway, the downstream of PAR2 signaling, also significantly decreased the spinal BDNF expression, glutamatergic strength of dorsal horn neurons, and thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that activation of PAR2 triggered NF-κB signaling and significantly upregulated the BDNF function, which critically contributed to the enhancement of glutamatergic transmission in spinal dorsal horn and thermal and mechanical hypersensitivity in the rats with bone cancer. This indicated that PAR2 – NF-κB signaling might become a novel target for the treatment of pain in patients with bone cancer.
Synovial explant inflammatory mediator production corresponds to rheumatoid arthritis imaging hallmarks: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Andersen Martin , Boesen Mikael , Ellegaard Karen , Christensen Robin , Söderström Kalle , Søe Niels , Spee Pieter , Mørch Ulrik GW , Torp-Pedersen Søren , Bartels Else Marie , Danneskiold-Samsøe Bente , Vendel Nina , Karlsson Lars , Bliddal Henning 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Despite the widespread use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and Doppler ultrasound for the detection of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) disease activity, little is known regarding the association of imaging-detected activity and synovial pathology. The purpose of this study was to compare site-specific release of inflammatory mediators and evaluate the corresponding anatomical sites by examining colour Doppler ultrasound (CDUS) and MRI scans.

Methods
RA patients were evaluated on the basis of CDUS and 3-T MRI scans and subsequently underwent synovectomy using a needle arthroscopic procedure of the hand joints. The synovial tissue specimens were incubated for 72 hours, and spontaneous release of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), interleukin 6 (IL-6), macrophage inflammatory protein 1β (MIP-1β) and IL-8 was measured by performing multiplex immunoassays. Bone marrow oedema (BME), synovitis and erosion scores were estimated on the basis of the rheumatoid arthritis magnetic resonance imaging score (RAMRIS). Mixed models were used for the statistical analyses. Parsimony was achieved by omitting covariates with P > 0.1 from the statistical model.

Results
Tissue samples from 58 synovial sites were obtained from 25 patients. MCP-1 was associated with CDUS activity (P = 0.009, approximate Spearman’s ρ = 0.41), RAMRIS BME score (P = 0.01, approximate Spearman’s ρ = 0.42) and RAMRIS erosion score (P = 0.03, approximate Spearman’s ρ = 0.31). IL-6 was associated with RAMRIS synovitis score (P = 0.04, approximate Spearman’s ρ = 0.50), BME score (P = 0.04, approximate Spearman’s ρ = 0.31) and RAMRIS erosion score (P = 0.03, approximate Spearman’s ρ = 0.35). MIP-1β was associated with CDUS activity (P = 0.02, approximate Spearman’s ρ = 0.38) and RAMRIS synovitis scores (P = 0.02, approximate Spearman’s ρ = 0.63). IL-8 associations with imaging outcome measures did not reach statistical significance.

Conclusions
The association between imaging activity and synovial inflammatory mediators underscores the high sensitivity of CDUS and MRI in the evaluation of RA disease activity. The associations found in our present study have different implications for synovial mediator releases and corresponding imaging signs. For example, MCP-1 and IL-6 were associated with both general inflammation and bone destruction, in contrast to MIP-1β, which was involved solely in general synovitis. The lack of association of IL-8 with synovitis was likely underestimated because of a large proportion of samples above assay detection limits among the patients with the highest synovitis scores.
Morphometric analyses of the Paracentral Lobe.
Authors: Oliveira Neto Moacyr , Nascimento Payron Augusto , Rodrigues Renan Barbosa , Machado William Browne de Oliveira , Oliveira Lean de Sousa , Silva Filho Antônio Ribeiro da 
Published: May 2014

Introduction:There are no studies that evaluate measurements of the distances between the grooves that delimit the Paracentral Lobule (PCL) in the literature. This study seeks to contribute to the knowledge regarding the anatomy of the PCL, conducting an analysis of morphometric measurements in this region and its correlation with the paracentral sulcus, marginal branch of the cingulate and central sulcus.Methods:42 hemispheres were evaluated, 20 were right and 22 left. Using digital caliper Dc - 6 Western ®, measurements of the size of PCL in the sagittal axis and coronal axis were made, in addition to measures of the Central Sulcus to the Paracentral Sulcus (motor area) and Central Sulcus to Marginal Branch of the Cingulate Sulcus (somesthetic area), comparing the prevalence of each of these lengths between hemispheres.Results:The average length between the Paracentral Sulcus and the Central Sulcus was 24.49 cm(14.2 to 38.6 cm) in the right hemisphere and 25.50 cm(11.7 to 37.0 cm) in the left. As between the Central Sulcus and the Marginal Branch of the Cingulate Sulcus was in average 10.03 cm(2.6 to 22.7 cm) in the right and in the left PCL 9.17cm(2.6 to 22.7 cm). In the right hemisphere, 19 samples(86,4%) presented greater motor area than somesthetic and, in the left hemisphere, 19 samples(95%) had greater motor area.Conclusion:The motor area showed prevalence in relation to the sensory area in the analysis of the two hemispheres, while the comparison of other measures between the two hemispheres showed no significance.
Developing an instrument for assessing fidelity to the intervention in the Critical Time Intervention – Task Shifting (CTI-TS) - preliminary report
Authors: Silva Tatiana , Lovisi Giovanni , Conover Sarah 
Published: May 2014

Aim of the studyThe fidelity of an intervention can be defined as the degree to which a program implemented following the program model, i.e. the set of well-defined procedures for such intervention. This article aims to describe the steps taken to develop the assessment tool of fidelity to the original protocol of intervention for critical time intervention – task shifting (CTI-TS)Subject or material and methodsThe development of an instrument to assess the fidelity includes some key stages, as definition of the intervention model, definition of the key components of the intervention, preparation of a preliminary scale, development of assessment sheets fidelity, development of a manual application of scale fidelity, training assessor fidelity and test the preliminary scale carrying out a pilot studyResultsAccording the experts opinion, 18 key components of the intervention were defined. From these components, was built the fidelity scale which consists of 20 items, divided into three sections, each evaluating one of the types of fidelity: compliance, context and competence.DiscussionThe CTI-TS had its fidelity assessment method developed in accordance with the recommendations in the current literature.ConclusionsThe protocol compliance is essential for the results, whether positive or not, can be credited to the intervention itself.
Complexity and Approximation Results for the Balance Optimization Subset Selection Model for Causal Inference in Observational Studies
Authors: Sauppe Jason J. , Jacobson Sheldon H. , Sewell Edward C. 
Published: May 2014

Matching is widely used in the estimation of treatment effects in observational studies. However, the matching paradigm may be too restrictive in many cases because exact matches often do not exist in the available data. One mechanism for overcoming this issue is to relax the requirement of exact matching on some or all of the covariates (attributes that may affect the response to treatment) to a requirement of balance on the covariate distributions for the treatment and control groups. The balance optimization subset selection (BOSS) model can be used to identify a control group featuring optimal covariate balance. This paper explores the relationship between the matching and BOSS models and shows how BOSS subsumes matching. Complexity and approximation results are presented for the resulting models. Computational results demonstrate some of the important trade-offs between matching and BOSS.Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/ijoc.2013.0583 .There is a video associated with this paper. Click here to view the Video Overview . To save the file, right click and choose “Save Link As” from the menu.
The post-occipital spinal venous sinus of the Nile crocodile (<i>Crocodylus niloticus</i>): Its anatomy and use for blood sample collection and intravenous infusions
Authors: Myburgh Jan G. , Kirberger Robert M. , Steyl Johan C.A. , Soley John T. , Booyse Dirk G. , Huchzermeyer Fritz W. , Lowers Russel H. , Guillette Jr Louis J. 
Published: May 2014

The post-occipital sinus of the spinal vein is often used for the collection of blood samples from crocodilians. Although this sampling method has been reported for several crocodilian species, the technique and associated anatomy has not been described in detail in any crocodilian, including the Nile crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus). The anatomy of the cranial neck region was investigated macroscopically, microscopically, radiographically and by means of computed tomography. Latex was injected into the spinal vein and spinal venous sinus of crocodiles to visualise the regional vasculature. The spinal vein ran within the vertebral canal, dorsal to and closely associated with the spinal cord and changed into a venous sinus cranially in the post-occipital region. For blood collection, the spinal venous sinus was accessed through the interarcuate space between the atlas and axis (C1 and C2) by inserting a needle angled just off the perpendicular in the midline through the craniodorsal cervical skin, just cranial to the cranial borders of the first cervical osteoderms. The most convenient method of blood collection was with a syringe and hypodermic needle. In addition, the suitability of the spinal venous sinus for intravenous injections and infusions in live crocodiles was evaluated. The internal diameter of the commercial human epidural catheters used during these investigations was relatively small, resulting in very slow infusion rates. Care should be taken not to puncture the spinal cord or to lacerate the blood vessel wall using this route for blood collection or intravenous infusions.
The Evolution of the WHO/NREVSS Influenza Surveillance System: The Challenges and Opportunities that Accompany Electronic Laboratory Data
Authors: Mustaquim Desiree 
Published: May 2014

The WHO/NREVSS Influenza laboratory surveillance system has been in use for ~40 years. Through multiple reporting methods, partner labs can share their influenza laboratory testing data to the Influenza Divsion at CDC. Over time, this system has evolved in complexity, and the most recent enhancement has been the addition of HL7 laboratory messaging through the Public Health Laboratory Interoperability Project. This reporting has been challenging to implement, but has added great value to the system, including an increased potential for new data analyses, increased functionality, and a braoder use of the resulting data.
Utility of a Syndromic Surveillance System to Identify Disease Outbreaks with Reportable Disease Data
Authors: Eggers Carrie , Hamilton Janet , Hopkins Richard 
Published: May 2014

The sensitivity and predictive value of a surveillance system (ESSENCE-FL) originally designed for syndromic data to identify possible outbreak activity using data from a reportable disease system was examined. ESSENCE-FL-generated alerts were compared with confirmed outbreak activity for different infectious diseases over a 52-week period. Results showed that although overall sensitivity of the system to detect outbreak activity was fairly low, the positive predictive value was relatively high. This evaluation concludes that the application of reportable disease data within the ESSENCE-FL syndromic surveillance system is useful for prompting users of possible outbreak activity that warrants further inquiry.
Integrating parsimonious models of hydrological connectivity and soil biogeochemistry to simulate stream DOC dynamics
Authors: Birkel Christian , Soulsby Chris , Tetzlaff Doerthe 
Published: May 2014

AbstractTo improve understanding and prediction of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) sources and fluxes in northern peat‐dominated catchments, we present the development and application of a parsimonious tracer‐aided rainfall‐runoff model coupled with a biogeochemistry subroutine able to concurrently simulate streamflow and DOC dynamics. The modeling approach which included quantitative assessment of associated uncertainties was conditioned by geochemical tracers which discriminate dominant water sources. Integration of DOC was predicated on statistical time series models which identified air temperature and streamflow as the key proxies that capture DOC supply and transport processes in two upland catchments in Scotland, UK. Conceptualizing the nonlinear partitioning of quick near‐surface and slower groundwater runoff sources in combination with a DOC mass balance resulted in a coupled, low‐parameter mechanistic model. Model tests showed mostly sensitive parameters and reasonable simulation results with seasonally controlled DOC supply and event‐based DOC transport. Transport is facilitated even for smaller events by overland flow from saturated histosols connected to the stream network. However, during prolonged dry periods, near‐surface runoff “switches off” and stream DOC is dominated by low concentration groundwaters. Furthermore, the model was able to explain subtle differences in DOC dynamics between the two catchments mainly reflecting the distribution of saturated soils and available storage. We conclude that tracers and statistical time series models can successfully guide the development of parsimonious yet structurally consistent water quality models. Parsimonious models provide tools for estimating DOC dynamics and loads with reduced uncertainty and potentially greater transferability.
Unterhaltungsbaggerung für die Binnenschifffahrt
Authors: Groß Thomas , Wilms Michael 
Published: May 2014

AbstractZur Sicherung der Leichtigkeit der Schifffahrt und der Verkehrssicherheit sind in Deutschland auf den Binnenwasserstraßen sowie in Häfen und sonstigen Gewässern umfangreiche Unterhaltungsarbeiten in Form von Nassbaggerungen notwendig. Hier werden die verschiedenen Methoden nach dem Stand der Technik sowie die heutigen technischen Hilfsmittel zur Ausführung der Arbeiten aufgezeigt und bewertet.Dredging for inland shipping – Maintain riverbed clearance by dredging and handling of dredged spoilIn order to secure and ease inland shipping maintenance of inland waterways, harbours and other inland waters via dredging is required. Various methods for doing this work and the technical resources are shown and benchmarked.
Leg cramps in pregnancy caused by chronic compartment syndrome and relieved by fasciotomy after childbirth
Authors: Orlin Jan Roar , Øen Jarle , Andersen John Roger , Tjugum Ivar Jostein , Westbye Hans Jacob , Roska Jomar , Aasved Helene , Hjelmeland Kjersti 
Published: May 2014

Key Clinical MessageA case of intolerable leg pain in pregnancy, caused by Chronic Compartment Syndrome (CCS), is presented. Increasing amounts of opioids were given throughout the pregnancy. Anesthetical dilemmas and surgery are discussed. In conclusion, early surgery rather than opioids is recommended.
Imaging of hemorrhagic stroke in magnetic induction tomography: An in vitro study
Authors: Mamatjan Yasin 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTMagnetic Induction Tomography (MIT) has the potential of providing an inexpensive medical device for regular screening and monitoring of patients. MIT could be used to detect hemorrhagic stroke, if high measurement accuracy and spatial resolution can be reached to allow significant contrast between normal brain tissues and hemorrhaged areas. However, this can be challenging because spatial resolution in MIT is limited due to the small number of independent measurements, the inverse problems are severely ill‐posed, and erroneous data cause large artefacts in reconstructed images and lower the detectability threshold of bleeding. The noise components degrading signal and image quality may be caused by thermal drift and noise from acquisition systems, environment or by body movements. The objective of the article is to empirically investigate hemorrhagic stroke in MIT based on in vitro study and to improve stroke detectability and visibility to help monitoring stroke patients. The following approaches were evaluated: (i) level setting, (ii) improved spatial filtering, (iii) averaging of multiple measurements, (iv) the combinations of these three approaches, and (v) wavelet denoising. They were evaluated with an in vitro phantom resembling a cerebral stroke in a pig brain. The results showed that these approaches enhanced stroke visibility, lowered stroke detectability threshold from 15 ml to 5 ml, and improved the localization of phantom hemorrhages such that their combination produced the best results. These methods may make it easy to the estimation of actual stroke volume, and clinical interpretation, and it can be used to long‐term monitoring of stroke progression. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 24, 161–166, 2014