bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geographical Variation in Body Size, Development Time, and Wing Dimorphism in the Cricket Velarifictorus micado (Orthoptera: Gryllidae)
Authors: Zeng Yang , Zhu Dao-Hong 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
We examined whether body size, development time, and wing dimorphism are affected by latitude in the cricket, Velarifictorus micado (Saussure).Wefound that the number of days required for nymphal development decreased with increasing latitude, suggesting that shorter periods of warm temperatures in the north resulted in faster development. Body size varied between populations, and followed the converse to Bergmann's rule, indicating that limited development time at higher latitudes resulted in smaller body size. Wing dimorphism in V. micado was influenced by both photoperiod and latitude.Ahigher proportion of macropters occurred under longer photoperiod conditions, suggesting that wing dimorphism in V. micado was the result of seasonal adaptation. The critical photoperiod was shorter for the southern populations than that for the northern populations, and the incidence of macroptery decreased with increasing latitude, suggesting that wing dimorphism in V. micado correlated with climatic variation.
Efficacy of an Adapted HIV and Sexually Transmitted Infection Prevention Intervention for Incarcerated Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Fogel Catherine I. , Crandell Jamie L. , Neevel A. M. , Parker Sharon D. , Carry Monique , White Becky L. , Fasula Amy M. , Herbst Jeffrey H. , Gelaude Deborah J. 
Published: October 2014

Objectives. We tested the efficacy of an adapted evidence-based HIV–sexually transmitted infection (STI) behavioral intervention (Providing Opportunities for Women’s Empowerment, Risk-Reduction, and Relationships, or POWER) among incarcerated women. Methods. We conducted a randomized trial with 521 women aged 18 to 60 years in 2 correctional facilities in North Carolina in 2010 and 2011. Intervention participants attended 8 POWER sessions; control participants received a single standard-of-care STI prevention session. We followed up at 3 and 6 months after release. We examined intervention efficacy with mixed-effects models. Results. POWER participants reported fewer male sexual partners than did control participants at 3 months, although this finding did not reach statistical significance; at 6 months they reported significantly less vaginal intercourse without a condom outside of a monogamous relationship and more condom use with a main male partner. POWER participants also reported significantly fewer condom barriers, and greater HIV knowledge, health-protective communication, and tangible social support. The intervention had no significant effects on incident STIs. Conclusions. POWER is a behavioral intervention with potential to reduce risk of acquiring or transmitting HIV and STIs among incarcerated women returning to their communities.
The Relationship Between Neighborhood Socioeconomic Characteristics and Physical Inactivity Among Adolescents Living in Boston, Massachusetts
Authors: Pabayo Roman , Molnar Beth E. , Cradock Angie , Kawachi Ichiro 
Published: October 2014

Objectives. We sought to determine whether the socioeconomic environment was associated with no participation in physical activity among adolescents in Boston, Massachusetts.Methods. We used cross-sectional data from 1878 urban adolescents living in 38 neighborhoods who participated in the 2008 Boston Youth Survey, a biennial survey of high school students (aged 14–19 years). We used multilevel multiple regression models to determine the association between neighborhood-level exposures of economic deprivation, social fragmentation, social cohesion, danger and disorder, and students’ reports of no participation in physical activity in the previous week.Results. High social fragmentation within the residential neighborhood was associated with an increased likelihood of being inactive (odds ratio = 1.53; 95% confidence interval = 1.14, 2.05). No other neighborhood exposures were associated with physical inactivity.Conclusions. Social fragmentation might be an important correlate of physical inactivity among youths living in urban settings. Interventions might be needed to assist youths living in unstable neighborhoods to be physically active.
Clustering of Midlife Lifestyle Behaviors and Subsequent Cognitive Function: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Kesse-Guyot Emmanuelle , Andreeva Valentina A. , Lassale Camille , Hercberg Serge , Galan Pilar 
Published: October 2014

Objectives. We examined the association between individual and clustered lifestyle behaviors in middle age and later in cognitive functioning. Methods. Middle-aged participants (n = 2430) in the Supplémentation en Vitamines et Minéraux Antioxydant study self-reported their low physical activity, sedentary behavior, alcohol use, smoking, low fruit and vegetable consumption, and low fish consumption. We assessed cognition 13 years later via 6 neuropsychological tests. After standardization, we summed the scores for a composite cognitive measure. We estimated executive functioning and verbal memory scores using principal component analysis. We estimated the mean differences (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) in cognitive performance by the number of unhealthy behaviors using analysis of covariance. We identified latent unhealthy behavior factor via structural equation modeling. Results. Global cognitive function and verbal memory were linearly, negatively associated with the number of unhealthy behaviors: adjusted mean differences = −0.36 (95% CI = −0.69, −0.03) and −0.46 (95% CI = −0.80, −0.11), respectively, per unit increase in the number of unhealthy behaviors. The latent unhealthy behavior factor with low fruit and vegetable consumption and low physical activity as main contributors was associated with reduced verbal memory (RMSEA = 0.02; CFI = 0.96; P = .004). No association was found with executive functioning. Conclusions. Comprehensive public health strategies promoting healthy lifestyles might help deter cognitive aging.
Risk Factors for HCV Infection Among Young Adults in Rural New York Who Inject Prescription Opioid Analgesics
Authors: Zibbell Jon E. , Hart-Malloy Rachel , Barry John , Fan Lillian , Flanigan Colleen 
Published: October 2014

Objectives. We investigated a cluster of new hepatitis C cases in rural New York among a cohort of young people who inject drugs (PWID) and misuse prescription opioid analgesics (POA). Methods. We recruited a purposive sample of PWID from Cortland County for an in-person survey and HCV rapid antibody test (March–July 2012). We examined sociodemographics, drugs currently injected, and lifetime and recent injection behaviors to ascertain associations with HCV antibody (anti-HCV) positivity. Results. Of 123 PWID, 76 (61.8%) were younger than 30 years, and 100 (81.3%) received HCV rapid testing. Of those tested, 34 (34.0%) were positive. Participants who reported injecting POA in the past 12 months were 5 times more likely to be anti-HCV positive than those who injected drugs other than POA, and participants who reported sharing injection equipment in the past 12 months were roughly 4 times more likely to be anti-HCV positive than those who did not. Conclusions. Our analysis suggests people injecting POA may be at higher risk for HCV infection than people who inject heroin or other drugs but not POA.
Moving Beyond Misuse and Diversion: The Urgent Need to Consider the Role of Iatrogenic Addiction in the Current Opioid Epidemic
Authors: Beauchamp Gillian A. , Winstanley Erin L. , Ryan Shawn A. , Lyons Michael S. 
Published: October 2014

An epidemic of drug overdose deaths has led to calls for programs and policies to limit misuse and diversion of opioid medications. Any parallel call to consider the risk of iatrogenic addiction when treating pain has been muted in comparison. We have moved beyond questions of nonmedical use, abuse, and diversion to highlight the role of prescription opioids in causing addiction even when prescribed and used appropriately. Unfortunately, current evidence is insufficient, and a rapid expansion of longitudinal research is urgently needed to guide clinicians in balancing the need for opioids with the risk of adverse consequences. Meanwhile, medical education should place greater emphasis on the abuse liability of prescription opioids, and providers should endeavor to attenuate risk when possible.
A Systematic Review of the Epidemiology of Nonfatal Strangulation, a Human Rights and Health Concern
Authors: Sorenson Susan B. , Joshi Manisha , Sivitz Elizabeth 
Published: October 2014

We reviewed the literature on the epidemiology of nonfatal strangulation (also, albeit incorrectly, called choking) by an intimate partner. We searched 6 electronic databases to identify cross-sectional, primary research studies from 1960 to 2014 that reported national prevalence estimates of nonfatal strangulation by an intimate partner among community-residing adults. Of 7260 identified references, 23 articles based on 11 self-reported surveys in 9 countries met the inclusion criteria. The percentage of women who reported ever having been strangled by an intimate partner ranged from 3.0% to 9.7%; past-year prevalence ranged from 0.4% to 2.4%, with 1.0% being typical. Although many epidemiological surveys inquire about strangulation, evidence regarding its prevalence is scarce. Modifying or adding a question to ongoing national surveys, particularly the Demographic and Health Surveys, would remedy the lack of data for low- and middle-income countries. In addition, when questions about strangulation are asked, findings should be reported rather than only combined with other questions to form broader categories (e.g., severe violence). Such action is merited because of the multiple negative short- and long-term sequelae of strangulation.
The Ultimate Sucker-Rod String Design Procedure
Authors: Takacs Gabor , Gajda Mihaly 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
A properly designed sucker-rod string should provide failure-free pumping operations for an extended period. Improper design of rod tapers can lead to early mechanical failures (rod breaks) with a complete termination of pumping action and an inevitable loss of production. Because of its prime importance in sucker-rod pumping technology several rod string design procedures based on different assumptions were developed in the past. Since most sucker rod breaks are fatigue failures the mechanical design of sucker-rod string must consider the cyclic nature of rod loading and the appropriate fatigue endurance limit of the rod material. This is why most string designs utilize the modified Goodman diagram for calculating the lengths of rod tapers.
Available sucker-rod string design models calculate rod taper lengths that ensure proper operation without premature fatigue failures. Their common design problems are (a) defining the principle of taper length determination, and (b) calculating the true mechanical stresses along the string. The universally accepted principle of taper length calculations is to provide the same level of safety against fatigue failures in each taper section. Mechanical loads and stresses, on the other hand, are usually found in most of the design procedures from very approximate formulas. These loads, therefore, can greatly deviate from the true mechanical loads that would be measured in the rod string run in the well. The paper details the main features of available rod string designs and discusses their main characteristics; it provides a thorough comparison of designs involving the calculation of loads and stresses predicted from the solution of the damped wave equation. Using a predictive analysis program rod stresses are calculated that, plotted on the modified Goodman diagram, provide a proper comparison of the merits of the different rod string design methods.
Rod strings designed by available design procedures usually do not have identical safety included in the different tapers. This is due to the improper calculation of rod string loads that form the basis of calculating rod taper percentages. Based on the evaluation of the different available rod string designs the paper introduces a novel procedure that estimates rod loads from the predictive solution of the damped wave equation during the design process. Since loads calculated that way simulate actual loads very accurately, the most important limitation of previous rod string design procedures is eliminated. Strings designed using the proposed model, therefore, will have identical safeties against fatigue failures in each taper; the new design model provides the ultimate safety over previous designs.
Practical Application of Variable Rate / Variable Pressure Drop Decline Curve Analysis: Valdemar Lower Cretaceous Case History
Authors: Navarro J. M. , de Heer M. A. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Application of conventional decline curve analysis following Arps' method is limited to situations where flowing bottom-hole pressure is constant. This paper describes the application of Blasingame decline curve analysis in a low permeability reservoir where flowing bottom-hole pressures are reduced in frequent and managed steps.
The Valdemar Lower Cretaceous Field is a low effective permeability (from 0.1 to 1 mD) chalk reservoir developed offshore in the Danish North Sea through long horizontal wells (horizontal sections of approximately 10,000 ft) with up to 16 sand-propped fractures.
Pressure drawdown in Valdemar wells is managed by controlled lowering of the flowing bottom-hole pressure over time in order to avoid destabilization of the formation and well failure due to chalk production. These changes in operating conditions, in addition to reservoir complexity and challenging architecture of the wells make conventional methods (simulation, Arps' decline curve analysis and rate transient analysis) for production forecasting and well performance analysis either not adequate or difficult to implement. These issues have been resolved by applying advanced decline curve analysis to the variable rate / variable pressure drop theory.
Application of the Blasingame Theory for the Valdemar Lower Cretaceous Field using available commercial software is complicated as it requires input parameters which are not very well known such as fracture half-length, fracture conductivity and number of producing fractures. In addition, uncertainty in fluid and reservoir properties can make the task even more challenging, since a non-unique history match often results with subsequent predictions outside a reasonable range.
This paper presents a clear step by step, performance-based methodology of how to apply the Blasingame Theory to decline curve analysis. The methodology does not depend on detailed knowledge of well and fracture dimensions and it only requires the initial reservoir pressure, historical oil rates and flowing bottom-hole pressures to be known for production forecasting. This paper also presents the practical application to the Valdemar Lower Cretaceous Field.
This methodology has been demonstrated to work in the Valdemar Lower Cretaceous Field and it is currently the key tool used to evaluate well performance and to estimate reserves and resources associated with different production strategies (drawdown, gas lift, etc.).
A Friction Reducer: Self-Cleaning to Enhance Conductivity for Hydraulic Fracturing
Authors: Chung HsinChen , Hu Yantao T. , Ye Xiangnan , Maxey Jason E. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Hydraulic fracturing often involves the injection of large amounts of water at high rates into the formation to create fractures. Typically, friction reducers (FRs) are added to the water to reduce pipe friction caused by turbulence, with polyacrylamide-based (PAM-based) polymers being the most common FRs. However, these polymers are difficult to break because of their high molecular weight and long polymer chains. As such, one common issue with the use of FRs for hydraulic fracturing is fracture and formation damages, which can significantly reduce production.
A new technology featuring a self-cleaning FR has been developed to help minimize formation and propped fracture damage as well as enhance early and long-term flowback. This new FR exhibits a unique self-contraction property. With the addition of minimal to no breaker, its viscosity can decrease to water-like levels when exposed to high temperatures. Furthermore, the contracted polymer is small enough to pass through the pore throats, helping minimize formation and fracture damage.
This paper presents laboratory data to illustrate this unique self-contraction property and its benefits. Formation and fracture damage of this new FR on tight sandstones/sandpack is investigated using the regained permeability and conductivity tests. Field trials were conducted successfully in the Marcellus shale. All results indicate that this new FR has superior cleanup and fracture conductivity; additionally, it causes less formation damage than traditional FRs.
Reservoir Model Maturation and Assisted History Matching Based on Production and 4D Seismic Data
Authors: Joosten Gerard , Altintas Asli , van Essen Gijs , van Doren Jorn , Gelderblom Paul , van den Hoek Paul , Foreste Kenny 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
History matching in reservoir modelling is done increasingly with the help of (semi-) automated computer techniques, such as design of experiments (DoE), Ensemble Kalman Filtering or the adjoint-based techniques. Although such techniques will lead to accelerated estimation of the values of reservoir model parameters, they will not, by themselves, solve the often occurring problem of conceptual reservoir model inadequacies (missing faults, unidentified aquifers, etc.).
Over the past years, we have developed a technique called "Model Maturation", where we use an adjoint-based history match to flag such inadequacies, and subsequently address those in an interdisciplinary dialogue (between reservoir engineer, geologist, petrophysicist, and geophysicist). Such a forced history match is not limited to production data, but can also include data from 4D seismic, saturation logs and RFT measurements. The "matured" reservoir model is subsequently subjected to a standard Assisted History Match (AHM) using, for example, DoE to optimize the values of the revised set of reservoir parameters.
In this paper, we present a number of field cases, out of more than twenty worldwide by now, where we have successfully applied abovementioned workflow, thereby significantly improving the reservoir models in question, which in turn has a direct impact on the business decisions depending on those models.
Retrofit Solids Control in Live Gas Wells
Authors: Biezen E. N. , Hoekstra L. , Gesterkamp S. , von der Heide S. , Welling R. F. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
In a number of mature gas fields in the Southern North Sea there are several multilateral open-hole completions that have proven to give significant solids/pebble production problems. Since the onset of production six out of seven total multilateral open-hole gas wells had to be shut in because of solids plugging. Collapse of the open hole multi-lateral junction is assumed to be the root cause of these problems. Wells that were drilled later in field life equipped with a pre-drilled liner did not show this solids production problem. There was, however, no way (short of a full workover to recomplete the well) to retrofit a solids control measure of this type until now. A coiled tubing cleanout campaign was commissioned to restore productivity of these plugged gas wells. After the cleanouts perforated jointed pipes have been installed in the bottom of the existing completion as a solids production prevention mechanism. This was done under live well conditions, without having to resort to snubbing. A newly developed special pipe connector was used to build in this perforated pipe section using a combination of braided wire and coiled tubing. Cleanout and restoration of gas production was successful for four out of the total six plugged wells. In conclusion, new connector technology has been instrumental in retrofitting a means of subsurface solids control in live gas wells with openhole original completions.
Fracture Shadowing: Theory, Applications and Implications
Authors: Daneshy Ali 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The fluid pressure causing the extension of a hydraulic fracture also compresses the adjacent formation, mainly in the direction perpendicular to the fracture face. If there is a closed-in passive fracture within the compressed region, this causes an increase in its fluid pressure. The magnitude of pressure increase is a function of the distance between the two fractures (passive and active), the net extension pressure in the active fracture, and the overlap area. This pressure increase is defined as fracture shadowing and has been used for estimation of different fracture parameters, including orientation and length.
This paper presents the mathematical background of fracture shadowing, including relationship between net extension pressure, distance between fractures, extent of each fracture, and volume of existing passive fracture system. Through actual field data, it shows that shadowing can be used as a very simple and cost effective tool for estimation of different fracture parameters. Shadowing in the same well is used to determine fracture growth pattern as well as a rough indicator of orientation. In offset wells, shadowing can provide estimation of fracture orientation, type, length, and in some cases conductivity.
Paper demonstrates and recommends use of fracture shadowing as a simple and inexpensive additional diagnostic tool for determination of fracturing parameters.
Engineered Perforating Charges Designed for Stimulation
Authors: Leal Jairo , Ghurari Fadel , Zbitowsky Ron , Duarte Jorge , Yaseen Ali , Derouen Brock , Soriano Eduardo 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Hydraulic fracturing is recognized as a successful stimulation technique used to enhance recovery from reservoirs. Prediction of fracture initiation and propagation from wellbores is necessary for efficient hydraulic fracturing stimulation tasks. Perforating is key to the success of a hydraulic fracturing treatment; it provides a means of communication between the wellbore and reservoir. Additionally, in a fracture-stimulated reservoir, the perforations serve as fluid conduits between the fracture and wellbore.
Once the fracture is created, perforations provide the entrance to the fracture for the proppant. The perforation diameter must be sufficient to help prevent bridging because an accumulation of proppant can block the entrance hole. Inadequate perforations, low perforating efficiency, and variations in perforation entrance hole diameter can increase the effects of near wellbore (NWB) tortuosity and leave several holes that do not contribute to stimulation, causing uneven treatment distribution, increased formation breakdown pressure, and suboptimal completion—occasionally beyond the pressure capability of the surface equipment or design rating of the well.
A new class of shaped charges engineered to maximize hole diameter while maintaining a consistent exit hole diameter independent of well profile and/or gun eccentricity has recently been introduced for unconventional resources requiring stimulation. Designed for perforating before a hydraulic stimulation, these new charges can help reduce the probability of screenout during the fracturing process.
This paper describes the new charge technology in detail and addresses its successful deployment during fracturing of tight gas wells in Saudi Arabia. Specific examples are used to illustrate how the system facilitates prefracture evaluation, fracture initiation, and how fracture tortuosity and perforation friction entry values are decreased compared to previous perforating systems.