bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The foregut in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Vélez Christopher , Neuringer Isabel , Schwarzenberg Sarah Jane 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe aerodigestive organs share a kindred embryologic origin that allows for a more complete explanation as to how the foregut can remain a barrier to normalcy in people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF). The structures of the aerodigestive tract include the nasopharynx, the oropharynx, the hypopharynx, the esophagus, the stomach, as well as the supraglottic, glottic, and subglottic tubular airways (including the trachea). Additional gastrointestinal (GI) luminal/alimentary organs of the foregut include the duodenum. Extraluminal foregut structures include the liver, the gall bladder, the biliary tree, and the pancreas. There are a variety of neurologic controls within these complicated anatomic compartments to separate the transit of food and liquid from air. These structures share the same origin from the primitive foregut/mesenchyme. The vagus nerve is a critical structure that unites respiratory and digestive functions. This article comments on the interconnected nature of cystic fibrosis and the GI tract. As it relates to the foregut, this has been typically treated as simple “reflux” as the cause of worsened lung function in pwCF. That terms like gastroesophageal reflux (GER), gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), heartburn, and regurgitation are used interchangeably to reflect pathology further complicates matters; we offer a more physiologically accurate term called “GI‐related aspiration” or “GRASP.” Broadly, this term reflects that aspiration of foregut contents from the duodenum through the stomach to the esophagus, into the pharynx and the respiratory tree in pwCF. As a barrier to normalcy in pwCF, GRASP is fundamentally two disease processes—GERD and gastroparesis—that likely contribute most to the deterioration of lung disease in pwCF. In the modulator era, successful GRASP management will be critical, particularly in those post‐lung transplantation (LTx), only through successful management of both GERD and gastroparesis. Standardization of clinical management algorithms for GRASP in CF‐related GRASP is a key clinical and research gap preventing normalcy in pwCF; what exists nearly exclusively addresses surgical evaluations or offers guidance for the management of GI symptoms alone (with unclear parameters for respiratory disease considerations). We begin first by describing the result of GRASP damage to the lung in various stages of lung disease. This is followed by a discussion of the mechanisms by which the digestive tract can injure the lungs. We summarize what we anticipate future research directions will be to reduce the impact of GRASP as a barrier to normalcy in pwCF.
The effects of single education session on physiotherapy students' knowledge levels and thoughts on accreditation
Authors: Yıldırım Muhammed , Mehder Büşra , Selçuk Halit , Salar Sinem , Keklicek Hilal 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundand Purpose: In the global landscape, quality assurance is paramount for educational institutions to adapt and thrive. The accreditation process involves evaluating an institution's quality according to standards established by experts and officially documenting its level of quality. This study aimed to assess the impact of a single educational session on physiotherapy and rehabilitation students' awareness and understanding of accreditation processes, recognizing their vital role in quality assurance.MethodsA pretest‐posttest design was employed with 211 students from a physiotherapy and rehabilitation department. Data were collected using a questionnaire assessing demographic information, knowledge about accreditation, and thoughts regarding accreditation. The educational session focused on accreditation criteria and processes, involving presentations and interactive discussions. McNemar's analysis was used to compare the response rates given by the students pre‐and post‐session.ResultsAnalysis after the education session revealed a significant increase in students' knowledge of accreditation concepts (p < 0.05). Positive attitudes towards accreditation were reinforced, with students recognizing its importance in education quality. Despite pre‐existing positive attitudes, the educational intervention enhanced students' understanding and engagement in accreditation processes with a significant increase in three of the eight questions on thoughts about accreditation (p < 0.05).DiscussionThis study underscores the efficacy of educational interventions in fostering student engagement and awareness of accreditation. Findings suggest the need for integrating accreditation education into curricula and advocating its significance through seminars and literature support, ultimately enhancing student participation in quality assurance processes.
Effects of nutrition on recovery, mortality, and mobility of adult Tribolium castaneum after exposure to long‐lasting insecticide‐incorporated netting
Authors: Ming Qinglei , Morrison William R. , Zhu Kun Yan , Campbell James F. , Scully Erin D. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDLong‐lasting insecticide‐incorporated netting (LLIN) has been used to deliver contact insecticides as an integrated pest management tool for stored product insect pests in food facilities. Although the presence of food is known to improve insect recovery after exposure, it is not clear whether food nutritional quality plays a role. Here, the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum adults were exposed to two commercially available LLINs, Carifend (active ingredient α‐cypermethrin) and D‐Terrence (deltamethrin), then transferred to Petri dishes with foods with varying nutritional quality (e.g., 0–100% ratios of flour to non‐nutritive cellulose). We investigated the effects of nutrition, LLIN type, and exposure time on post‐exposure recovery, mortality, and mobility.RESULTSAfter exposure for 2–168 h, the immediate mortality of T. castaneum adults ranged from 0.5% to 91.0% with Carifend and 0% to 75.3% with D‐Terrence. Adult recovery and delayed mortality were significantly affected by nutritional quality, LLIN type, exposure time, and recovery time. For both LLINs, adult recovery increased over time, with a trend for higher recovery and lower mortality with increasing nutritional quality and decreasing exposure time. In addition, adult mobility decreased multiple‐fold after Carifend or D‐Terrence exposure for 30, 60 or 90 min compared to 10 min.CONCLUSIONThis study shows nutrition significantly modulates the efficacy of LLIN against T. castaneum, and thus strengthens the rationale for implementing stringent sanitation protocols for food facility managers. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
A double‐blind randomized controlled trial of N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) for the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Kwok Wang Chung , Chan Shung Kay Samuel , Chiang Ka Yan , Ho Chung Man James 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common respiratory disease with acute exacerbation (AECOPD) being a common sequalae which negatively impact health status, rates of hospitalization and readmission, and disease progression. N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) has been studied in COPD in both stable state and acute exacerbations, which has been shown to have small beneficial effects in stable COPD, as well as AECOPD. Yet, there has been lack of study with well‐designed protocol to assess the role of NAC in more objective outcomes in AECOPD.MethodsThis is a double‐blind randomized controlled trial. Patients will be randomized in 1:1 ratio to receive oral NAC at 600 mg twice daily or placebo twice daily with standard of care. Partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2), partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) and the ratio of partial pressure arterial oxygen and fraction of inspired oxygen (PaO2/FiO2) will be measured on days 1 and 7. The following will be measure at baseline and on day 4 and 7: Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), 24‐hour sputum volume, oxygen saturation (SaO2), end‐tidal CO2, Leicester Cough Questionnaire (LCQ) score, COPD Assessment Test (CAT) score, grading of wheeze and grade of dyspnoea; blood inflammatory markers (leucocyte count, neutrophil count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C‐reactive protein (CRP) and high sensitivity CRP (hs‐CRP)). Patients will be randomized to oral NAC at 600 mg twice daily or placebo for 7 days. The main outcome measures include: The difference in PaO2 on day 7. Secondary outcome: Change in following parameters on day 4/7 from baseline: FEV1, sputum volume, CAT score, LCQ score, SaO2, grade of wheeze; mMRC Dyspnoea Scale, end‐tidal CO2, blood inflammatory marker, change in PaO2/FiO2 ratio from baseline to day 7, PaCO2 on day 7, 28 and 90 days' mortality, time to wean off supplemental oxygen, length of stay.Primary and secondary outcomes will be compared among the two treatment groups with two‐sample t‐test.DiscussionWe hypothesize that NAC use in COPD exacerbation can provide benefits in clinical and laboratory parameters.Trial RegistrationName of the registry: ClinicalTrials.govTrial registration number: NCT05706402.URL of the trial registry record for this trial: https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05706402Date of registration: Registered on 11th January 2023Funding of the trial: The Health and Medical Research Fund (HMRF).Name and contact information for the trial sponsor: Wang Chung Kwok, Clinical Assistant Professor, Honorary Associate Consultant, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.Role of sponsor: The funder is not involved in the planning of the study, gathering, analysing, and interpreting the data, or in preparing the manuscript.
Forest soil carbon storage in 10‐year‐old Douglas‐fir plantations of western Oregon and Washington remains similar to pre‐harvest
Authors: Holub Scott M. , Cattnach Glenn , Littke Kimberly M. , Hatten Jeff A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractForests around the world, and in the case of this study, the coastal Pacific Northwest United States, store large amounts of carbon, both above ground in the trees and below ground in soils. Understanding the effects of forest disturbance, including timber harvesting, is important in order to evaluate the role that forestry plays in the global carbon cycle. Soil carbon can be difficult to assess with enough precision to detect the kinds of changes that are expected, yet a series of small changes over time in the same direction could have important cumulative effects. In this study, eight randomly selected Douglas‐fir forest stands in Oregon and Washington were sampled at 300 points each using a fixed‐depth sampling approach to attempt to detect a 5% or higher change in soil carbon storage to 1 m, longitudinally from pre‐harvest to 10 years post‐harvest. There was moderate variability in results over time at individual sites, with some sites decreasing slightly and others increasing slightly. Only two sites achieved lower than the 5% minimum detectible difference target. The remaining six sites were able to detect 5.7%–10.7% differences. In one case, an unexpectedly large increase in mineral soil carbon 10 years post‐harvest occurred without clear explanation. On average, forest floor carbon stores were 20% larger 10 years post‐harvest than pre‐harvest. Even with the large increases excluded, both the fixed‐depth approach and equivalent soil mass correction showed there was no significant change in mineral soil carbon stores to 1 m at 10 years post‐harvest in the region.
Decentralization policies and sustainable rural development: A path to eradicating poverty (SDG 1) and hunger (SDG 2)
Authors: Ain Qurat ul , Yousaf Tahir , Tahir Muhammad Abubakar 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRural infrastructure development is crucial for achieving sustainable development. It enhances quality of life, improves connectivity, promotes economic growth, and supports food security. Whereas rural infrastructure development is influenced by fiscal decentralization, which enables local administrations to prioritize investments and allocate resources based on local needs and priorities. Given this background, this empirical study investigates the impact of devolution reform policy on rural infrastructure development in Pakistan, employing the Stackelberg model. The findings exhibit a positive relationship between subnational government spending through decentralization and the accessibility to transport and communication services, rural development, and development of irrigation infrastructure. The theoretical model proposes that decentralized information permits efficient decision‐making, with local authorities better equipped to deliver public services aligned with local preferences. Increased public utilization of services is expected as a result of decentralization. The combination of empirical analysis and theoretical foundations suggests that the 2001 decentralization policy enhances the accountability of subnational governments. By providing them with more informed and essential benefits for resource allocation according to voter priorities, this policy ultimately increases the efficiency of public expenditures in achieving sustainable development.
Three‐dimensional carbon nanotube framework enables low‐cost LiFe5O8 anode material for high‐performance lithium‐ion batteries
Authors: Li Lei , Huo Jinsheng , Ran Qiwen , Liu Xingquan 
Published: August 2024

LiFe5O8 is regarded as a promising material, which is used as anode for lithium‐ion batteries on account of its lower cost and higher theoretical capacity. However, its practical applications are hindered by the low electron transfer rate, poor cycling performance, and huge magnification of lattice volume. In this work, a LiFe5O8/carbon nanotubes (CNTs) composite anode is designed to realize the ideal anode for low‐cost lithium‐ion batteries, showing broad commercial application prospects. It is found that the three‐dimensional conductive network of CNTs is used to accelerate electron transfer rate within the LiFe5O8 particles, thereby significantly reducing the reversible reaction barrier (Fe/Fe3O4). In addition, it can also alleviate the volume change of electrode, which maintains a stable Li+ insertion/extraction behavior during long‐term cycles. As a consequence, there is still a high capacity (427.3 mAh g−1) of the LiFe5O8/CNTs 3% anode reserved after 50 cycles at 0.5 C whereas the bare LiFe5O8 anode only delivers a low capacity of 220.6 mAh g−1 along with a poor cycling stability. This work highlights the outstanding contribution of electronic conductivity toward the electrochemical performance of LiFe5O8 anode and provides a low‐cost and commercially applicable composite anode for developing lower cost lithium‐ion batteries.
Self‐Powered Supercapacitor with Bifunctional Separator in Suppressing Self‐Discharge
Authors: Paul Aparna , Chakraborty Anjan , Samanta Prakas , Murmu Naresh Chandra , Kuila Tapas 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntegrating energy harvesters with energy storage devices helps enhance energy utilization efficiency. The requirement for external power sources in energy storage devices can also be addressed by the development of an all‐in‐one single system. Vegetable peels can be used as piezoelectric energy harvesters due to the generation of electric dipole within cellulose. The self‐discharge processes cause open circuit potential decay, resulting in a loss of energy stored within the cell. The self‐discharge rate can be controlled by using a piezoelectric separator. This work used garlic skins as a piezoelectric separator, which helped delay the self‐discharge rate. The supercapacitor using Ni−Mn oxide as positive and Fe−Ni sulfide/RGO as negative electrode materials was fabricated with garlic skin as a separator. The device was charged from an initial OCP of ~0.15–~0.37 V in ~ 4 sec by finger tapping. The OCP decay rate was reduced by~88 % compared to that of using the Whatmann separator. The fabricated Ni−Mn oxide RGO/garlic skin/FeS2 RGO exhibited ~72.2 W h kg−1 energy density at a power density of ~2 kW kg−1 in an operated potential window of ~2 V. This research provides a cost‐effective method for developing piezoelectric supercapacitor with low self‐discharge rate.
Rational Fabrication of MoS2/g‐C3N4 Heterostructures for Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation of Rhodamine B
Authors: Zhang Kai , Yuan Hu , Xu Feng , Xue Qian , Zeng Yi , Qi Xuede , Li Kun , Li Qingwu , Zhang Mingjie , Hu Xuebu , Lu Shun , Jiang Jinxia , Qi Xueqiang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMolybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) heterojunctions were prepared through the hydrothermal method and the calcination method (namely, MoS2/g‐C3N4‐1 and MoS2/g‐C3N4‐2) for the photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B. X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy confirmed the formation of a heterostructure composite between MoS2 and g‐C3N4. The bandgap of MoS2 and g‐C3N4 was studied with ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflection spectroscopy and electrochemical Mott‐Schottky tests. MoS2/g‐C3N4‐1 exhibits remarkable efficiency in degrading Rhodamine B, achieving 91.2 % degradation in 1 h, which is 1.06 times higher than MoS2/g‐C3N4‐2. Additionally, the MoS2/g‐C3N4‐1 heterojunction demonstrates good reusability, maintaining a degradation efficiency of 71.2 % after 5 cycles. The reason lies in that the MoS2/g‐C3N4‐1 possesses a larger specific surface area (33.078 m2g−1) than MoS2/g‐C3N4‐2 (28.621 m2g−1). Free radical quenching experiments indicate that ⋅O2− serves as the primary active species for photocatalytic degradation. The findings indicate that incorporating g‐C3N4 into MoS2 improves its photocatalytic capability due to aligned energy bands, promoting charge transfer, and reducing electron‐hole recombination.
Advancement of DDR1 and DDR2 Inhibitors: Therapeutic Potential of Bioactive Compounds, Designing Strategies, and Structure‐Activity Relationship (SAR)
Authors: Pal Rohit , Kumaraswamy B. , Md. Ashadul S. K. , Hosamani Ketan R. , Swamy Purawarga Matada Gurubasavaraja 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDDR1 and DDR2 are nonintegrin collagen receptors in the receptor tyrosine kinase family. Both DDRs bind to various collagen types and perform crucial functions in embryo development. DDRs are different from other receptor tyrosine kinases due to their interaction with extracellular matrix components and unusual activation kinetics. DDR regulates cell migration, survival, proliferation, differentiation, and extracellular matrix remodeling. Dysregulated DDR function is linked to the advancement of several human illnesses, including fibrosis, arthritis, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. DDRs play a vital role in disease progression and development. Therefore, the use of DDR inhibitors represents a promising therapeutic strategy, particularly for disorders with limited therapy alternatives. In recent years, DDRs have been regarded as attractive targets for drug development, as evidenced by a significant rise in research in this field. The current review illustrates about recent advancement of small molecules, their designing strategies and structure‐activity relationship. The DDR inhibitors can contain various core structures such as pyrimidine, phthalazine, pyrazole, pyrazine, imidazo[1,2‐a]sspyrazine, quinazoline, and thieno[3,2‐b]pyridin‐7‐yl derivatives. Furthermore, based on the constructive analysis of the published derivatives, we found that the majority of the powerful compounds have a similar scaffold (amide linker, hydrophobic tail, hinge binder with or without spacer). Among the different literature, the most potent compounds 4 (imidazo[1,2‐a]pyrazine), 5 (pyridine), 19 (pyridine), and 24 (quinazoline) displayed potent activity against DDR1 with IC50 values ranging from 2.26 – 4.67 nM, while DDR2 IC50 values ranging from 3.2 – 7.29 nM. This approach will help medicinal chemists to refine and develop novel small molecules targeting DDR1 and DDR2.
A Simple, Effective, and Selective Approach to Synthesize Natural Vicinal Diols from α‐Costic Acid
Authors: Fatima Ezzahra Maaghloud , Achraf Abdou , Ahmed El Hakmaoui , Jamal JamalEddine , Mohamed Akssira , Mohamed Dakir 
Published: August 2024

Abstractα‐costic acid, the main component of Dittrichia viscosa collected from Morocco, was converted to its derivative γ‐costic acid, both products were the subject of a transformation to obtain new oxygenated derivatives (vicinal diols). The starting material, α‐costic acid was converted to methyl‐α and γ‐costate. The two esters were transformed to vicinal diols employing two reagents I2/t‐BuOOH and diluated KMnO4. The first one was the regioselectivity activation of carbon‐carbon double bond using iodine, creating an iodonium intermediate which react with t‐BuOOH to give corresponding diol and the second one was the exploitation of KMnO4 as an effective and environmentally friendly oxidant. These simple and effective oxidants led us to two natural vicinal diols α and γ esters costic with a good yield.
Synthesis of Electrophilic Cyclopent‐2‐enone Conjugates With Modulatory Effects on Inflammatory Responses Mediated by Nrf2/Keap1, NF‐κB and IL‐6
Authors: Neri Gabriel Luis L. , Chen Yi‐Siao , Arturo Hans Christian P. , Quimque Mark Tristan J. , Vidar Warren S. , Keum Young‐Sam , Liao Chen‐Chung , Yen Chia‐Hung , Macabeo Allan Patrick G. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCyclopent‐2‐enone bearing natural products possess anti‐inflammatory, cytotoxic, antiproliferative, and antimicrobial activities attributed to the presence of a Michael acceptor enone group acting as a bait for protein targets. To explore the biological activity of synthetic small molecules bearing the cyclopent‐2‐enone moiety, a collection of 4‐substituted cyclopent‐2‐enones (3 a–3 i) was prepared synthetically using Lewis acid‐catalyzed Mukaiyama‐Michael reaction (MMR) in modest to high yields. These derivatives were screened for their effect on inflammatory response mediators, namely Nrf2, NF‐κB, and IL‐6 through cell‐based reporter assays. The results show that 5‐(4‐oxocyclopent‐2‐en‐1‐yl)furan‐2(5H)‐one (3 g) is a potent Nrf2 activator in HaCaT cells. The mechanism of Nrf2 activation by 3 g was investigated through an MS/MS‐directed proteomic analysis and have shown the formation of a Michael adduct via cysteine‐613 on Keap1, an inhibitor of Nrf2. Density functional theory calculations show favorable Michael adduct formation between 3 g and the truncated Keap1 tripeptide Pro‐Cys613‐Ala at the β‐carbon of the cyclopent‐2‐enone moiety. On the other hand, the derivative 4‐(2‐oxo‐2‐phenylethyl)cyclopent‐2‐en‐1‐one (3 a) exhibited selective Nrf2 inhibition in the cancer cell line Huh7, and inhibitory activity along with 3 g against NF‐κB, and IL‐6 in RAW 264.7 cells. This points to the cyclopent‐2‐enone group being an effective scaffold for anti‐inflammatory drug designs.