bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the expression pattern of rAAV2/1, 2/5, 2/7, 2/8, and 2/9 serotypes with different promoters in the mouse visual cortex
Authors: Scheyltjens Isabelle , Laramée Marie‐Eve , Van den Haute Chris , Gijsbers Rik , Debyser Zeger , Baekelandt Veerle , Vreysen Samme , Arckens Lutgarde 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTThis study compared the expression pattern, laminar distribution, and cell specificity of several rAAV serotypes (2/1, 2/5, 2/7, 2/8, and 2/9) injected in the primary visual cortex (V1) of adult C57Bl/6J mice. In order to obtain specific expression in certain neuron subtypes, different promoter sequences were evaluated for excitatory cell specificity: a universal cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter, and two versions of the excitatory neuron‐specific Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent kinase subunit α (CaMKIIα) promoter, CaMKIIα 0.4 and CaMKIIα 1.3. The spatial distribution as well as the cell type specificity was immunohistochemically verified. Depending on the rAAV serotype used, the transduced volume expressing reporter protein differed substantially (rAAV2/5 ≫ 2/7 ≈ 2/9 ≈ 2/8 ≫ 2/1). Excitatory neuron‐specific targeting was promoter‐dependent, with a surprising difference between the 1.3 kb and 0.4 kb CaMKIIα promoters. While CaMKIIα 1.3 and CMV carrying vectors were comparable, with 78% of the transduced neurons being excitatory for CMV and 82% for CaMKIIα 1.3, the shorter CaMKIIα 0.4 version resulted in 95% excitatory specificity. This study therefore puts forward the CaMKIIα 0.4 promoter as the best choice to target excitatory neurons with rAAVs. Together, these results can be used as an aid to select the most optimal vector system to deliver transgenes into specific rodent neocortical circuits, allowing further elucidation of their functions. J. Comp. Neurol. 523:2019–2042, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The mummified brain of a pleistocene woolly mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius) compared with the brain of the extant African elephant (Loxodonta africana)
Authors: Kharlamova Anastasia S. , Saveliev Sergei V. , Protopopov Albert V. , Maseko Busisiwe C. , Bhagwandin Adhil , Manger Paul R. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTThis study presents the results of an examination of the mummified brain of a pleistocene woolly mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius) recovered from the Yakutian permafrost in Siberia, Russia. This unique specimen (from 39,440–38,850 years BP) provides the rare opportunity to compare the brain morphology of this extinct species with a related extant species, the African elephant (Loxodonta africana). An anatomical description of the preserved brain of the woolly mammoth is provided, along with a series of quantitative analyses of various brain structures. These descriptions are based on visual inspection of the actual specimen as well as qualitative and quantitative comparison of computed tomography imaging data obtained for the woolly mammoth in comparison with magnetic resonance imaging data from three African elephant brains. In general, the brain of the woolly mammoth specimen examined, estimated to weigh between 4,230 and 4,340 g, showed the typical shape, size, and gross structures observed in extant elephants. Quantitative comparative analyses of various features of the brain, such as the amygdala, corpus callosum, cerebellum, and gyrnecephalic index, all indicate that the brain of the woolly mammoth specimen examined has many similarities with that of modern African elephants. The analysis provided here indicates that a specific brain type representative of the Elephantidae is likely to be a feature of this mammalian family. In addition, the extensive similarities between the woolly mammoth brain and the African elephant brain indicate that the specializations observed in the extant elephant brain are likely to have been present in the woolly mammoth. J. Comp. Neurol. 523:2326–2343, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Comparative Study of CO Oxidation on Nitrogen‐ and Phosphorus‐Doped Graphene
Authors: Esrafili Mehdi D. , Mohammad‐Valipour Ramin , Mousavi‐Khoshdel Seyed Morteza , Nematollahi Parisa 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe geometry, electronic structure, and catalytic properties of nitrogen‐ and phosphorus‐doped graphene (N‐/P‐graphene) are investigated by density functional theory calculations. The reaction between adsorbed O2 and CO molecules on N‐ and P‐graphene is comparably studied via Langmuir–Hinshelwood (LH) and Eley–Rideal (ER) mechanisms. The results indicate that a two‐step process can occur, namely, CO+O2→CO2+Oads and CO+Oads→CO2. The calculated energy barriers of the first step are 15.8 and 12.4 kcal mol−1 for N‐ and P‐graphene, respectively. The second step of the oxidation reaction on N‐graphene proceeds with an energy barrier of about 4 kcal mol−1. It is noteworthy that this reaction step was not observed on P‐graphene because of the strong binding of Oads species on the P atoms. Thus, it can be concluded that low‐cost N‐graphene can be used as a promising green catalyst for low‐temperature CO oxidation.
In Situ Small‐Angle X‐ray Scattering Investigation of the Formation of Dual‐Mesoporous Materials
Authors: Schmitt Julien , Canilho Nadia , Impéror‐Clerc Marianne , Blin Jean‐Luc , Pedersen Jan Skov , Pérez Javier , Lebeau Bénédicte , Vidal Loic , Stébé Marie‐José 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe formation of a 2D‐hexagonal (p6m) silica‐based hybrid dual‐mesoporous material is investigated in situ by using synchrotron time‐resolved small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS). The material is synthesized from a mixed micellar solution of a nonionic fluorinated surfactant, RF8(EO)9 (EO=ethylene oxide) and a nonionic triblock copolymer, P123. Both mesoporous networks, with pore dimensions of 3.3 and 8.5 nm respectively, are observed by nitrogen sorption, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and SAXS. The in situ SAXS experiments reveal that mesophase formation occurs in two steps. First the nucleation and growth of a primary 2D‐hexagonal network (N1), associated with mixed micelles containing P123, then subsequent formation of a second network (N2), associated with micelles of pure RF8(EO)9. The data obtained from SAXS and TEM suggest that the N1 network is used as a nucleation center for the formation of the N2 network, which would result in the formation of a grain with two mesopore sizes. Understanding the mechanism of the formation of such materials is an important step towards the synthesis of more‐complex materials by fine tuning the porosity.
The Economic Impact of Environmentally Responsible Practices
Authors: Tebini Hajer , M'Zali Bouchra , Lang Pascal , Perez‐Gladish Blanca 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTThe objective of this paper is to present a dynamic analysis of the relationship between environmental (EP) and financial performance (FP). More precisely, we have analysed this relationship by considering the measurement of EP lagged by one, two, and three periods. The introduction of lagged variables at both an aggregate and non‐aggregate level, aims to capture the effects of EP on FP over time. Our results show that the aggregate measure of the lagged EP has a persistent positive effect on FP, extended over three years. This effect appears to be more marked for large size companies, for companies with low risk levels and for those spending less on investment. Results for non‐aggregate measurements reveal an asymmetric relationship between FP and KLD's concerns score, of which the impact is negative and persistent, and between FP and KLD's strengths score, where the effect is positive and limited to one year. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Mass‐transport Control on the Discharge Mechanism in Li–O2 Batteries Using Carbon Cathodes with Varied Porosity
Authors: Aklalouch Mohamed , Olivares‐Marín Mara , Lee Rung‐Chuan , Palomino Pablo , Enciso Eduardo , Tonti Dino 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBy comparing carbon electrodes with varying porosity in Li–O2 cells, we show that the effect of electrolyte stirring at a given current density can result in a change from 2D to 3D growth of discharged deposits. The change of morphology is evident using electron microscopy and by analyzing electrode pore size distribution with respect to discharge capacity. As a consequence, carbon electrodes with different textural properties exhibit different capacity enhancements in stirred‐electrolyte cells. We demonstrate that mass transport can directly control the discharge mechanism, similar to the electrolyte composition and current density, which have already been recognized as determining factors.
Methyltriphenylphosphonium Methylcarbonate, an All‐In‐One Wittig Vinylation Reagent
Authors: Cattelan Lisa , Noè Marco , Selva Maurizio , Demitri Nicola , Perosa Alvise 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe methyltriphenylphosphonium methylcarbonate salt [Ph3PCH3][CH3OCO2], obtained directly by quaternarization of triphenylphosphine with dimethylcarbonate, is a latent ylide that promotes Wittig vinylation of aldehydes and ketones. Alkenes are obtained simply by mixing [Ph3PCH3][CH3OCO2] and the carbonyl and heating in a solvent (no base, no halides, and no inorganic byproducts). Deuterium exchange experiments and the particularly short anion‐cation distance measured by XRD in [Ph3PCH3][CH3OCO2] allowed to explain the nature and reactivity of this species. Green chemistry metrics (atom economy, mass index, environmental factor) indicate that this vinylation procedure is more efficient than comparable ones. Deuterated [Ph3PCD3][CH3OCO2] promoted the synthesis of deuterated olefins.
A Systematic Comparative Study of Hydrogen‐Evolving Molecular Catalysts in Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Roy Souvik , Bacchi Marine , Berggren Gustav , Artero Vincent 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWe describe here a systematic, reliable, and fast screening method that allows the comparison of H2‐forming catalysts that work under aqueous conditions with two readily prepared chemical reductants and two commonly used photosensitizers. This method uses a Clark‐type microsensor for H2 detection and complements previous methods based on rotating disk electrode measurements. The efficiencies of a series of H2‐producing catalysts based on Co, Ni, Fe, and Pt were investigated in aqueous solutions under thermal conditions with europium(II) reductants and under photochemical conditions in the presence of two different photosensitizers {[Ru(bipy)3]Cl2 (bipy=2,2‐bipyridine) and eosin‐Y} and sacrificial electron donors (ascorbate and triethanolamine, respectively). The majority of catalysts tested were active only under specific conditions. However, our results also demonstrate the impressive versatility of a group of Co catalysts, which were able to produce H2 under different reducing conditions and at various pH values. In particular, a cobaloxime, [Co(dmgH)2(H2O)2] (dmgH2=dimethylglyoxime), and a cobalt tetraazamacrocyclic complex, {Co(CR)Cl2}+ [CR=2,12‐dimethyl‐3,7,11,17‐tetraazabicylo(11.3.1)heptadeca‐1(17),2,11,13,15‐pentaene], displayed excellent catalytic rates under the studied conditions, and the best rates were observed under thermal conditions.
3D Woven‐Like Carbon Micropattern Decorated with Silicon Nanoparticles for Use in Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Kang Da‐Young , Kim Cheolho , Gueon Donghee , Park Gyulim , Kim Jung Sub , Lee Joong Kee , Moon Jun Hyuk 
Published: September 2015

AbstractCarbon/silicon composite materials are a promising anode substrate for use in lithium‐ion batteries. In this study, we suggest a new architecture for a composite electrode made of a woven‐like carbon material decorated with silicon nanoparticles. The 3D woven‐like carbon (WLC) structure was fabricated using direct carbonization of multi‐beam interference lithography polymer patterns. Subsequent solution coating was applied to decorate the WLC with silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs). The SiNP/WLC electrode exhibited a specific capacity of 930 mAh g−1, which is three times higher than the specific capacity of the bare electrode. Specifically, the SiNP/WLC electrode exhibited an outstanding retention capacity of 81 % after 50 cycles and a Coulombic efficiency of more than 98 %. This rate capability performance was attributed to the WLC structure and the uniform decoration of the SiNPs.
Charge Modulation in Graphitic Carbon Nitride as a Switchable Approach to High‐Capacity Hydrogen Storage
Authors: Tan Xin , Kou Liangzhi , Tahini Hassan A. , Smith Sean C. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractElectrical charging of graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets (g‐C4N3 and g‐C3N4) is proposed as a strategy for high‐capacity and electrocatalytically switchable hydrogen storage. Using first‐principle calculations, we found that the adsorption energy of H2 molecules on graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets is dramatically enhanced by injecting extra electrons into the adsorbent. At full hydrogen coverage, the negatively charged graphitic carbon nitride achieves storage capacities up to 6–7 wt %. In contrast to other hydrogen storage approaches, the storage/release occurs spontaneously once extra electrons are introduced or removed, and these processes can be simply controlled by switching on/off the charging voltage. Therefore, this approach promises both facile reversibility and tunable kinetics without the need of specific catalysts. Importantly, g‐C4N3 has good electrical conductivity and high electron mobility, which can be a very good candidate for electron injection/release. These predictions may prove to be instrumental in searching for a new class of high‐capacity hydrogen storage materials.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Sequential Dehydrogenation/Deoxygenation in One‐Pot: Efficient Synthesis of Dibenzothiophene Derivatives from Diaryl Sulfoxides
Authors: Huang Qiufeng , Fu Shurong , Ke Shaojia , Xiao Hanbing , Zhang Xiaofeng , Lin Shen 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA novel strategy for the synthesis of dibenzothiophene derivatives is established through a one‐pot intramolecular cross‐dehydrogenative‐coupling reaction of diaryl sulfoxides followed by deoxygenation with a Rh/Ag catalytic system. The yields obtained were good to excellent (up to 96 %), therefore making the described protocol an attractive option for building dibenzothiophene compounds.
Individual prediction of chronic motor outcome in the acute post‐stroke stage: Behavioral parameters versus functional imaging
Authors: Rehme Anne K. , Volz Lukas J. , Feis Delia‐Lisa , Eickhoff Simon B. , Fink Gereon R. , Grefkes Christian 
Published: September 2015

AbstractSeveral neurobiological factors have been found to correlate with functional recovery after brain lesions. However, predicting the individual potential of recovery remains difficult. Here we used multivariate support vector machine (SVM) classification to explore the prognostic value of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to predict individual motor outcome at 4–6 months post‐stroke. To this end, 21 first‐ever stroke patients with hand motor deficits participated in an fMRI hand motor task in the first few days post‐stroke. Motor impairment was quantified assessing grip force and the Action Research Arm Test. Linear SVM classifiers were trained to predict good versus poor motor outcome of unseen new patients. We found that fMRI activity acquired in the first week post‐stroke correctly predicted the outcome for 86% of all patients. In contrast, the concurrent assessment of motor function provided 76% accuracy with low sensitivity (<60%). Furthermore, the outcome of patients with initially moderate impairment and high outcome variability could not be predicted based on motor tests. In contrast, fMRI provided 87.5% prediction accuracy in these patients. Classifications were driven by activity in ipsilesional motor areas and contralesional cerebellum. The accuracy of subacute fMRI data (two weeks post‐stroke), age, time post‐stroke, lesion volume, and location were at 50%‐chance‐level. In conclusion, multivariate decoding of fMRI data with SVM early after stroke enables a robust prediction of motor recovery. The potential for recovery is influenced by the initial dysfunction of the active motor system, particularly in those patients whose outcome cannot be predicted by behavioral tests. Hum Brain Mapp 36:4553–4565, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hyponatremia and perioperative complications in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Feinstein Aaron J. , Davis John , Gonzalez Lyndon , Blackwell Keith E. , Abemayor Elliot , Mendelsohn Abie H. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackgroundRecent studies suggest that hyponatremia is associated with perioperative morbidity and mortality after general surgical procedures, as well as mortality among medical inpatients. We investigated the association of hyponatremia with perioperative complications in patients undergoing surgical resection of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).MethodsAll patients with pathologically confirmed HNSCC undergoing either primary or salvage surgical resection from March 1, 2013, until May 31, 2014, at a single tertiary care academic center were included in this retrospective review. The primary outcome was 30‐day mortality. Secondary outcomes included postoperative complications (respiratory, cardiac, renal, and wound), hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay, and need for blood transfusion.ResultsTwo hundred fourteen surgical patients with HNSCC were identified for analysis. Patient ages ranged from 22 to 100 years (mean, 67 years). One hundred thirty‐eight men and 76 women were included. Primary tumor sites were oral cavity (47.7%), oropharynx (18.7%), larynx (12.6%), salivary glands (7.9%), cutaneous (7.5%), sinonasal (2.8%), and hypopharynx (2.3%). Surgical resections were balanced between primary (48.1%) and salvage (51.9%). Thirty‐five patients (16.4%) carried a presurgical diagnosis of diabetes. Fifteen patients (7.0%) demonstrated preoperative hyponatremia, and 46 (24.9%) had postoperative hyponatremia. Within the primary outcome measure, no difference in mortality was identified. Complications were noted in 58 patients (27.1%), and were more frequent in hyponatremic patients, both preoperatively and postoperatively (60.0% and 41.3%, respectively). Binomial logistic regression demonstrated risk of complications significantly associated with preoperative hyponatremia (odds ratio [OR] = 4.374; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.231–15.545; p = .023), increasing age (OR = 1.385; 95% CI = 1.032–1.857; p = .030), and increasing length of surgery (OR = 1.234; 95% CI = 1.046–1.455; p = .013). Postoperative hyponatremia was associated with increased hospital length of stay (p = .034).ConclusionHyponatremia is a frequent electrolyte abnormality in patients with HNSCC. Both preoperative and postoperative hyponatremia are associated with perioperative morbidity, thus meriting intensive postoperative medical monitoring and treatment. Additional investigation is warranted to identify the pathophysiologic mechanisms behind this association. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E1370–E1374, 2016
Changes in seasonality and timing of peak streamflow in snow and semi‐arid climates of the north‐central United States, 1910–2012
Authors: Ryberg Karen R. , Akyüz F. Adnan , Wiche Gregg J. , Lin Wei 
Published: September 2015

AbstractChanges in the seasonality and timing of annual peak streamflow in the north‐central USA are likely because of changes in precipitation and temperature regimes. A source of long‐term information about flood events across the study area is the U.S. Geological Survey peak streamflow database. However, one challenge of answering climate‐related questions with this dataset is that even in snowmelt‐dominated areas, it is a mixed population of snowmelt/spring rain generated peaks and summer/fall rain generated peaks. Therefore, a process was developed to divide the annual peaks into two populations, or seasons, snowmelt/spring, and summer/fall. The two series were then tested for the hypotheses that because of changes in precipitation regimes, the odds of summer/fall peaks have increased and, because of temperature changes, snowmelt/spring peaks happen earlier. Over climatologically and geographically similar regions in the north‐central USA, logistic regression was used to model the odds of getting a summer/fall peak. When controlling for antecedent wet and dry conditions and geographical differences, the odds of summer/fall peaks occurring have increased across the study area. With respect to timing within the seasons, trend analysis showed that in northern portions of the study region, snowmelt/spring peaks are occurring earlier. The timing of snowmelt/spring peaks in three regions in the northern part of the study area is earlier by 8.7– 14.3 days. These changes have implications for water interests, such as potential changes in lead‐time for flood forecasting or changes in the operation of flood‐control dams. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Low level laser therapy reduces acute lung inflammation without impairing lung function
Authors: Cury Vivian , de Lima Thais Martins , Prado Carla Maximo , Pinheiro Nathalia , Ariga Suely K. K. , Barbeiro Denise F. , Moretti Ana I. , Souza Heraldo P. 
Published: September 2015

Acute lung injury is a condition characterized by exacerbate inflammatory reaction in distal airways and lung dysfunction. Here we investigate the treatment of acute lung injury (ALI) by low level laser therapy (LLLT), an effective therapy used for the treatment of patients with inflammatory disorders or traumatic injuries, due to its ability to reduce inflammation and promote tissue regeneration. However, studies in internal viscera remains unclear. C57BL/6 mice were treated with intratracheal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (5 mg/kg) or phosphate buffer saline (PBS). Six hours after instillation, two groups were irradiated with laser at 660 nm and radiant exposure of 10 J/cm2. Intratracheal LPS inoculation induced a marked increase in the number of inflammatory cells in perivascular and alveolar spaces. There was also an increase in the expression and secretion of cytokines (TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐6,) and chemokine (MCP‐1). The LLLT application induced a significant decrease in both inflammatory cells influx and inflammatory mediators secretion. These effects did not affect lung mechanical properties, since no change was observed in tissue resistance or elastance. In conclusion LLLT is able to reduce inflammatory reaction in lungs exposed to LPS without affecting the pulmonary function and recovery.
magnified image