bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation and implementation of the Australian Treatment Outcomes Profile in specialist drug and alcohol settings
Authors: Ryan Anni , Holmes Jennifer , Hunt Vi , Dunlop Adrian , Mammen Kristie , Holland Rohan , Sutton Yvonne , Sindhusake Doungkamol , Rivas Gonzalo , Lintzeris Nicholas 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIntroduction and AimsThe measurement of clinical outcomes is an important, but lacking, component of drug and alcohol treatment in Australia. This study aimed to psychometrically validate the Treatment Outcomes Profile under Australian conditions, examining implementation and feasibility issues in three public opioid treatment program clinics in NSW.Design and MethodsThe Treatment Outcomes Profile was modified to reflect Australian conditions and re‐named the Australian Treatment Outcomes Profile (ATOP). The ATOP was introduced into the participating clinics and administered by clinic staff at 3‐month intervals as part of routine clinical practice. Participants completed a research interview, consisting of the ATOP and a suite of ‘gold standard’ instruments assessing substance use and related health and welfare domains, in the 72 h following completion of a routine clinical ATOP. The researcher‐ and clinician‐administered ATOPs were compared to assess interrater reliability, and the researcher‐administered ATOP and ‘gold standard’ instruments were compared to assess concurrent validity. Implementation and feasibility issues were assessed using questionnaires and focus groups with clinician and clients.ResultsThe ATOP demonstrated acceptable concurrent validity and interrater reliability. It was well received by clients and clinicians, particularly for its ease of use, applicability and brevity.ConclusionsThe ATOP is a psychometrically valid instrument for the measurement of treatment outcomes in Australian opioid treatment populations and can feasibly be implemented as part of routine clinical practice in specialist opioid treatment program clinics. The role of the ATOP to measure outcomes in other drug and alcohol treatment modalities requires exploration. [Ryan A, Holmes J, Hunt V, Dunlop A, Mammen K, Holland R, Sutton Y, Sindhusake D, Rivas G & Lintzeris N. Validation and implementation of the Australian Treatment Outcomes Profile in specialist drug and alcohol settings. Drug Alcohol Rev 2014;33:33–42]
Religion insulates ingroup evaluations: the development of intergroup attitudes in India
Authors: Dunham Yarrow , Srinivasan Mahesh , Dotsch Ron , Barner David 
Published: November 2013

AbstractResearch on the development of implicit intergroup attitudes has placed heavy emphasis on race, leaving open how social categories that are prominent in other cultures might operate. We investigate two of India's primary means of social distinction, caste and religion, and explore the development of implicit and explicit attitudes towards these groups in minority‐status Muslim children and majority‐status Hindu children, the latter drawn from various positions in the Hindu caste system. Results from two tests of implicit attitudes find that caste attitudes parallel previous findings for race: higher‐caste children as well as lower‐caste children have robust high‐caste preferences. However, results for religion were strikingly different: both lower‐status Muslim children and higher‐status Hindu children show strong implicit ingroup preferences. We suggest that religion may play a protective role in insulating children from the internalization of stigma.
Different early rearing experiences have long‐term effects on cortical organization in captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
Authors: Bogart Stephanie L. , Bennett Allyson J. , Schapiro Steven J. , Reamer Lisa A. , Hopkins William D. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractConsequences of rearing history in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) have been explored in relation to behavioral abnormalities and cognition; however, little is known about the effects of rearing conditions on anatomical brain development. Human studies have revealed that experiences of maltreatment and neglect during infancy and childhood can have detrimental effects on brain development and cognition. In this study, we evaluated the effects of early rearing experience on brain morphology in 92 captive chimpanzees (ages 11–43) who were either reared by their mothers (n = 46) or in a nursery (n = 46) with age‐group peers. Magnetic resonance brain images were analyzed with a processing program (BrainVISA) that extracts cortical sulci. We obtained various measurements from 11 sulci located throughout the brain, as well as whole brain gyrification and white and grey matter volumes. We found that mother‐reared chimpanzees have greater global white‐to‐grey matter volume, more cortical folding and thinner grey matter within the cortical folds than nursery‐reared animals. The findings reported here are the first to demonstrate that differences in early rearing conditions have significant consequences on brain morphology in chimpanzees and suggests potential differences in the development of white matter expansion and myelination.
Recovery of upper limb muscle function in chronic fatigue syndrome with and without fibromyalgia
Authors: Ickmans Kelly , Meeus Mira , De Kooning Margot , Lambrecht Luc , Nijs Jo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackgroundChronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) patients frequently complain of muscle fatigue and abnormally slow recovery, especially of the upper limb muscles during and after activities of daily living. Furthermore, disease heterogeneity has not yet been studied in relation to recovery of muscle function in CFS. Here, we examine recovery of upper limb muscle function from a fatiguing exercise in CFS patients with (CFS+FM) and without (CFS‐only) comorbid fibromyalgia and compare their results with a matched inactive control group.DesignIn this case–control study, 18 CFS‐only patients, 30 CFS+FM patients and 30 healthy inactive controls performed a fatiguing upper limb exercise test with subsequent recovery measures.ResultsThere was no significant difference among the three groups for maximal handgrip strength of the non‐dominant hand. A significant worse recovery of upper limb muscle function was found in the CFS+FM, but not in de CFS‐only group compared with the controls (P < 0·05).ConclusionsThis study reveals, for the first time, delayed recovery of upper limb muscle function in CFS+FM, but not in CFS‐only patients. The results underline that CFS is a heterogeneous disorder suggesting that reducing the heterogeneity of the disorder in future research is important to make progress towards a better understanding and uncovering of mechanisms regarding the nature of divers impairments in these patients.
Evaluation of success rate of laparoscopic castration without orchidectomy in 32 mature horses
Authors: de Fourmestraux C. , Geffroy O. , Siliart B. , Albaric O. , Tessier C. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryThe surgical success of laparoscopic castration without orchidectomy results from avascular necrosis of the testes. However, failures and subsequent production of testosterone and stallion‐like behaviour have been previously identified. Laparoscopic castration without removal of the testes was performed in 32 horses with 2 normal descended scrotal testes betweenJuly 2006 andOctober 2012. The objectives of our study were to evaluate the success rate of laparoscopic castration without orchidectomy on descended testes in our population and assess complications and recovery time. Endocrine tests were performed after surgery and owners also asked to report on their horse's behaviour and ability to resume exercise. Castration was deemed successful if endocrine test results were in accordance with gelding values.Failed horses were castrated using a conventional technique and histology performed when possible. Basal testosterone levels decreased below 3 nmol/l after surgery in 30/32 cases. However, in 2 horses, stallion behaviour persisted and histological evaluation after inguinal castration showed residual viable tissue. Two horses maintained high testosterone levels after surgery associated with stallion‐like behaviour. Based on these results, 12.5% of horses (4/32 horses) failed to be considered a gelding based on either endocrine tests and/or histology. All horses, with one exception, were able to resume exercise less than a week after the procedure. Laparoscopic castration without orchidectomy appears to be a safe procedure. When assessing the success of laparoscopic castration, our total failure rate was 12.5% (4/32 horses) which is significantly higher than previously reported.
Microscale measurements reveal contrasting effects of photosynthesis and epiphytes on frictional drag on the surfaces of filamentous algae
Authors: Hansen Amy T. , Hondzo Miki , Sheng Jian , Sadowsky Michael J. 
Published: November 2013

Summary

Filamentous algae are widespread in freshwater ecosystems worldwide with a significant presence in streams, rivers and lakes with sufficient light and nutrients. Although typically not a preferred food source for grazers, dense filamentous mats provide surfaces for epiphytic microorganisms that are more palatable, thus adding to stream productivity.

We tested the hypothesis that epiphytes change velocity gradients, and consequently shear stress and skin friction drag, near the surface of algal filaments. Using both digital holography and particle image velocimetry to measure micrometre‐scale velocity fields, we found that the surface shear stress on filamentous algae was much greater when the algae were actively photosynthesising. The presence of attached diatoms significantly reduced surface shear stress, while those filaments were photosynthesising, compared with bare filaments.

A nutrient flux model, based on boundary layer thickness and surface shear stress, predicts that nutrient flux to the surface of a photosynthesising filament under measured flow conditions will be 1.5 times greater than for a preserved (i.e. dead) filament. Modelled nutrient flux to filaments with epiphytic assemblages dominated by diatoms is 75% of the flux to bare filaments under similar flow conditions.

The proposed positive feedback between photosynthesis, surface shear stress and nutrient flux could be an important biophysical mechanism that overcomes diffusion limited nutrient supply within dense algal mats, enhancing algal survival through increased nutrient flux to actively photosynthesising filaments and decreased sloughing risk for filaments with lower rates of photosynthesis (due to epiphyte coverage or other light‐limiting factors).
Life cycle assessment of biomass production in microalgae compact photobioreactors
Authors: Silva Angela G. , Carter Richard , Merss Felipe L. M. , Corrêa Diego O. , Vargas Jose V. C. , Mariano André B. , Ordonez Juan C. , Scherer Marisa D. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis paper presents a life cycle assessment (LCA) of industrial scale microalgae biomass production in compact photobioreactor (PBR) systems (2 × 5 × 8 m) for supplying biofuel/electricity generation processes and synthesis of new materials. Other objectives are as follows: (i) to compare the impact of various raw materials, substances, and services; and (ii) to evaluate environment‐relevant aspects of the proposed system as compared to microalgae raceway ponds. The life cycle inventory assessment shows that (i) only atmospheric CO2 is used for PBR microalgae cultivation, whereas in raceway ponds, injection of CO2 from fossil origin is largely required to allow for microalgae growth; and (ii) the PBR daily production rate of dry biomass is currently at 1.5 kg m−3 day−1 for each PBR, which is 12.82 times larger than the reported average 0.117 kg m−3 day−1 raceway ponds production. It is found that in general the association of the effects of the production of steel, PVC, and the packaging contribute to more than 85% of the total impact in each analyzed category. Therefore, to achieve PBR biomass production impact reduction and sustainability, PVC and steel utilization need to be minimized, as well as packaging materials. Based on the PBR LCA results, that is, due to no CO2 injection from fossil origin and low area occupation, it is expected that high density production of truly renewable microalgae biomass could be obtained from PBR systems.
Prevalence and correlates of mild cognitive impairment in adults aged over 50 years with subjective cognitive complaints in primary care centers
Authors: Juncos‐Rabadán Onésimo , Pereiro Arturo X , Facal David , Lojo Cristina , Caamaño Juan A , Sueiro Jesús , Bóveda Julia , Eiroa Peregrina 
Published: November 2013

AimTo examine the prevalence and correlates of mild cognitive impairment in adults aged over 50 years attending primary care centers with complaints of cognitive failure.MethodsA sample of 689 individuals aged ≥50 years with no previous diagnosis of dementia was assessed by use of the Mini‐Mental State Examination, the Cambridge Cognitive Examination‐Revised and the California Verbal Learning Test – to evaluate the mild cognitive impairment as dependent variables – and administration of a questionnaire on cognitive complaints and other instruments – to measure correlates.ResultsThe prevalence of mild cognitive impairment was 31.40%, and positive associations were found for age, occupation, subjective memory complaints, reading habits and level of vocabulary. In the logistic regression, modeled mild cognitive impairment was associated with age (70 years or older), subjective cognitive complaints and level of vocabulary.ConclusionAlmost one‐third of the adults aged ≥50 years attending primary care centers with subjective cognitive complaints were affected by mild cognitive impairment. Early evaluation of cognitive functioning is essential to establish adequate preventive and intervention strategies. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2014; 14: 667–673.
Postsecular Sex? Secularisation and Religious Change in the History of Sexuality in Britain
Authors: Jones Timothy W. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractHistories of 20th century British religion and sexuality, and that work which connects the two, have, until recently, been structured by the secularisation thesis, the assumption that politically and culturally Christianity's influence has steadily declined in the modern era. In the history of sexuality, it is commonly assumed that from the end of the Victorian era religious categories of sexual activity were replaced by scientific categories of sexual identity. This paper examines recent developments in the history and sociology of religion around the idea of the postsecular. Analysing religious developments in secularised societies in terms of religious change rather than a teleology of decline is starting to raise new questions in the history of sexuality. Postsecular analyses in the history of sexuality help us to understand the ways in which religion has continued to influence and shape understandings of sexual desire and identity in the 20th century.
A Trail of Precious Goods: Colonial Latin American Commodity History
Authors: Bristol Joan 
Published: November 2013

AbstractProducts such as cacao, tobacco, sugar, cochineal, emeralds, and silver were produced or extracted and, in many cases, originated in the region now called Latin America. They became global commodities under Spanish and Portuguese colonial rule during the early modern period, roughly 1500 to 1800, when they were traded to Europe and Asia. In many cases, goods that were originally limited to elites and defined as luxuries were transformed into products destined for mass consumption. African and indigenous slavery and other forms of unfree labor were crucial in the production of colonial commodities. Commodity historians approach these goods in different ways, some taking a world systems approach to discuss the development of capitalism while others focusing on physical and esthetic taste, patterns of consumption, and social relations and status. Some commodity writers focus on consumption patterns in Europe and Asia while others focus on the production and labor side of the equation. Recently, scholars have used a commodity chain approach that looks at all stages of the process of production, commodification, circulation, and consumption.
Progesterone as a morphological regulatory factor of the male and female gerbil prostate
Authors: Fochi Ricardo A. , Santos Fernanda C. A. , Goes Rejane M. , Taboga Sebastião R. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryTestosterone (T) and oestrogen are the main active steroid hormones in the male and female reproductive system respectively. In female rodents progesterone (P4), together with testosterone and oestrogen, has an essential role in the regulation of the oestrous cycle, which influences the prostate physiology through their oscillations. In this work we investigated how the male and female prostate gland of Mongolian gerbils responds to surgical castration at the start of puberty and what are the effects of T, oestradiol (E2) and P4 replacement, using both quantitative and qualitative methods. We also examined the location of the main steroid receptors present in the prostate. In the castrated animals of both sexes an intense glandular regression, along with disorganization of the stromal compartment, and abundant hyperplasia was observed. The replacement of P4 secured a mild recovery of the glandular morphology, inducing the growth of secretory cells and restoring the androgen receptor (AR) cells. The administration of P4 and E2 eliminated epithelial hyperplasia and intensified gland hypertrophy, favouring the emergence of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN). In animals treated with T and P4, even though there are some inflammatory foci and other lesions, the prostate gland revealed morphology closer to that of control animals. In summary, through the administration of P4, we could demonstrate that this hormone has anabolic characteristics, promoting hyperplasia and hypertrophy, mainly in the epithelial compartment. When combined with E2 and T, there is an accentuation of glandular hypertrophy that interrupts the development of hyperplasia and ensures the presence of a less dysplastic glandular morphology.
Safety evaluation of heavy metals exposure from consumer products
Authors: Odukudu Festus B. , Ayenimo Joseph G. , Adekunle Abolanle S. , Yusuff Adeyinka M. , Mamba Bhekie B. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe determination of heavy metals in consumer products is crucial for the safety appraisal and sources classification of human and environmental exposures. These products contain various undisclosed chemical constituents with no or little known health safety information. The public is generally unaware of these types of everyday exposure from chemical constituents of consumer products and their health consequences. In this study, we recorded a body of proof demonstrating potential harm of consumer goods, by determining concentrations of total cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), lead (Pb) and nikel (Ni contents in a variety of personal care products (n = 82) commonly used in Nigeria, using flame atomic absorption spectrometer after dry and wet digestion methods. The results of the analysis indicated that the range of Cd was 0.035 ± 0.023–0.467 ± 0.167 ppm, Cr 0.015 ± 0.009–0.435 ± 0.232 ppm, Cu 0.230 ± 0.08–0.603 ± 0.025 ppm, Zn 0.003 ± 0.005–0.743 ± 0.066 ppm, Fe 0.233 ± 0.219–1.401 ± 1.878 ppm, Pb 0.02 ± 0.007–0.2050.129 ppm and Ni 0.035 ± 0.015–0.093 ± 0.06 ppm. The values of Cd and Cr are a cause for alarm because the elements are not allowed in any amount in cosmetics. Despite the fact that zinc is essential in the body, the values obtained in this study deserves safety concerns due to cumulative effect, arising from incessant exposure.
Osmotic dehydration pretreatment for improving the quality attributes of frozen mango: effects of different osmotic solutes and concentrations on the samples
Authors: Zhao Jin‐Hong , Hu Rui , Xiao Hong‐Wei , Yang Yang , Liu Fang , Gan Zhi‐Lin , Ni Yuan‐Ying 
Published: November 2013

SummaryThe effect of osmotic dehydration pretreatment on the quality attributes (e.g. colour, hardness, drip loss, vitamin C content and pH) of frozen mango cuboids in different osmotic solutions (sucrose, glucose and maltose) and concentrations (30, 45 and 60% (wt/wt)) was investigated. Results revealed that melting temperature of mango cuboids was affected by both solute type and solid mass fraction. In addition, the dehydrofrozen samples pretreated in maltose had higher quality in vitamin C content (increasing by 23.5–73.0%), colour (colour change reducing by 2.6–39.2%) and drip loss (reducing by 0.7–9.7%) than those pretreated in other osmotic solutions. The cuboids pretreated in glucose displayed higher hardness (increasing by 16.4–36.2%). Based on principal component analysis and group distance, osmotic dehydration in 45% maltose was proposed as the most favourable freezing conditions with the highest sensory score (6.8). The current work indicates osmotic dehydration significantly improves frozen mango quality.
Comparative study of proximate composition and amino acid in farmed and wild Pseudobagrus ussuriensis muscles
Authors: Wang Yuyu , Yu Shiliang , Ma Guojun , Chen Songbo , Shi Ye , Yang Yuhong 
Published: November 2013

SummaryThe proximate composition and amino acid compositions of the muscle of wild and farmed Pseudobagrus ussuriensis were compared. The lipid content of the farmed fish was significantly higher, while moisture content was significantly lower, than those of the wild fish. Pseudobagrus ussuriensis protein has a well‐balanced amino acid composition. The percentages of total amino acids, essential amino acids, nonessential amino acids and delicious amino acids were significantly higher in the wild than those in farmed fish. The ratios of WEAA to WTAA (42.78%–43.02%) and WEAA to WNEAA (85.52%–87.74%) were comparable to the reference values of 40% and above 60% recommended by FAO/WHO. According to the amino acid scores, methionine would have been described as the first limiting amino acid, and Lys had the highest score for the protein in both wild and farmed Pseudobagrus ussuriensis. This study shows that Pseudobagrus ussuriensis under investigation have high nutritional qualities and are good protein resources.
Quality and hygiene of beef burgers in relation to the addition of sodium ascorbate, sodium citrate and sodium acetate
Authors: Stella Simone , Tirloni Erica , Ripamonti Barbara , Lamanuzzi Francesca , Cattaneo Patrizia 
Published: November 2013

SummaryWe evaluated the effects of two additive mixtures (sodium ascorbate 1 g kg−1, sodium citrate 1 g kg−1 and sodium acetate 1.75 or 2.5 g kg−1) on the microbiological and physical–chemical characteristics of non‐prepacked beef burgers stored in air at 4 °C or 12 °C for 96 h. Total microbial count reached 7 Log CFU g−1 48 h later in treated samples at 4 °C. The mixture containing the higher acetate concentration led to a smaller increase in Gram‐negatives, in particular Pseudomonas (2 Log of difference towards control samples at 96 h); at 12 °C, a 1.7 Log difference in Enterobacteriaceae was also shown. Total viable basic nitrogen was significantly lower in the treated samples at 12 °C. The addition resulted in pH stabilisation and lower cooking loss and positively influenced the a* index of burgers at 4 °C. Clearly, the use of these mixtures should not be a substitute of good hygienic practices and optimal storage conditions.