bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methylamine‐Gas‐Induced Defect‐Healing Behavior of CH3NH3PbI3 Thin Films for Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zhou Zhongmin , Wang Zaiwei , Zhou Yuanyuan , Pang Shuping , Wang Dong , Xu Hongxia , Liu Zhihong , Padture Nitin P. , Cui Guanglei 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWe report herein the discovery of methylamine (CH3NH2) induced defect‐healing (MIDH) of CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite thin films based on their ultrafast (seconds), reversible chemical reaction with CH3NH2 gas at room temperature. The key to this healing behavior is the formation and spreading of an intermediate CH3NH3PbI3⋅xCH3NH2 liquid phase during this unusual perovskite–gas interaction. We demonstrate the versatility and scalability of the MIDH process, and show dramatic enhancement in the performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with MIDH. This study represents a new direction in the formation of defect‐free films of hybrid perovskites.
Effects of processing parameters and thermal history on microcellular foaming behaviors of PEEK using supercritical CO2
Authors: Yang Quan , Zhang Guangcheng , Ma Zhonglei , Li Jiantong , Fan Xiaolong 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTIn this study, we mainly investigate the solid‐state foaming of polyether ether ketone (PEEK) with different crystallinities using supercritical CO2 as a physical blowing agent. The gaseous mass‐transfer and thermophysical behaviors were studied. By altering the parameters of the foaming process, microcellular foams with different cell morphologies were prepared. The effect of crystallization on the cell morphology was also investigated in detail. The results indicate that the crystallization restricts gas diffusion in the material, and the thermophysical behaviors of the saturated PEEK sample with low crystallinity presents two cold crystallization peaks. The cell density decreases and the cell size increases as the saturation pressure increases. The cell density of the microcellular foams prepared under 20 MPa is 1.23 × 1010 cells/cm3, which is almost 10 times compares to that under 8 MPa. The cell size increases as the foaming time extends or the foaming temperature increases. It is interesting that the cell morphology with a bimodal cell‐size distribution is generated when the samples are foamed at temperatures higher than 320°C for a sufficient time. Additionally, nanocellular foams can be obtained from a highly crystallized PEEK after the decrystallization process. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42576.
Osteology and Cartilaginous Elements ofTrilepida salgueiroi(Amaral, 1954) (Scolecophidia: Leptotyphlopidae)
Authors: Pinto Roberta R. , Martins Angele R. , Curcio Felipe , Ramos Luciana de O. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTMorphological and anatomical studies on the Leptotyphlopidae have increased in the past 10 years, providing important data on the systematics of this group, mainly focused on the skull and lower jaw morphology. However, most studies are based on a single specimen, rarely combining more than one single method of assessing morphological information. Therefore, several data on postcranial morphology, sexual dimorphism, and ontogenetic and intraspecific variation of leptotyphlopids remain poorly understood. Herein, we provide a detailed description of the cranial and postcranial skeleton ofTrilepida salgueiroibased on more than 20 specimens (including males, females and juveniles), as well as a description of osteology and cartilaginous elements through the use of combined methodologies such as X‐ray scanning, high resolution CT‐scanning, and clearing and staining of articulated and disarticulated specimens. We also provide data on the presence/absence of dimorphic and intraspecific variation of the observed characters. The presence of a statolithic mass in thecavum vestibulidiffers from the pattern found in other scolecophidians. A correlation of dorsal vertebrae with ventral and subcaudal scales was found (1:1), as well as total number of vertebrae with middorsal scales (1:1), thoracolumbar vertebrae and ventral scales (1:1), and a higher number of caudal vertebra with subcaudal scales (1.23:1). Intraspecific variation was found in several elements of the skull, lower jaw, pelvic girdle and vertebral number, but no evidence of sexual dimorphism was found in any of the species characters analysed. The homologies of several elements are discussed, although still remaining poorly understood and unknown. Anat Rec, 298:1722–1747, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Vagal Fibers Form Associations With Interstitial Cells of Cajal During Fetal Development
Authors: Hepworth Kelly L. , Wang Xuan‐yu , Huizinga Jan D. , Ratcliffe Elyanne M. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTVagal intramuscular arrays (IMAs) have been shown to form complexes with intramuscular interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC). We tested the hypothesis that associations between vagal nerve endings and ICC arise in fetal development. Intraganglionic laminar endings (IGLEs) and IMAs were identified by applying 1,1’‐dioctadecyl‐3,3,3′,3′‐tetramethylindocarbocyanineperchlorate (DiI) to vagal nerve trunks and myenteric plexus (MP) and intramuscular (IM) ICC were immunolabeled with antibodies to c‐Kit in fetal and early postnatal mice (E16‐P7). At E16, c‐Kit immunoreactive cells were abundant in the primordial smooth muscle, with early ICC networks discernable by E18 and ongoing organization at P1 and P7. The distribution of vagal endings was found to change during the course of development, with significantly more putative IGLEs in the prenatal compared to the postnatal period and less IMAs in the prenatal compared to postnatal period. Associations of ICC with both IGLEs and IMAs were detected as early as E16 and were maintained into postnatal life. These findings suggest that vagal fibers begin to associate with ICC during prenatal development. Future studies will be needed to determine the mechanisms through which vagal endings and ICC interact. Anat Rec, 298:1780–1785, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
EFTUD2 deficiency in vertebrates: Identification of a novel human mutation and generation of a zebrafish model
Authors: Deml Brett , Reis Linda M. , Muheisen Sanaa , Bick David , Semina Elena V. 
Published: June 2015

BackgroundCongenital microphthalmia and coloboma are severe developmental defects that are frequently associated with additional systemic anomalies and display a high level of genetic heterogeneity.MethodsTo identify the pathogenic variant in a patient with microphthalmia, coloboma, retinal dystrophy, microcephaly, and other features, whole exome sequencing analysis of the patient and parental samples was undertaken. To further explore the identified variant/gene, expression and functional studies in zebrafish were performed.ResultsWhole exome sequencing revealed a de novo variant, c.473_474delGA, p.(Arg158Lysfs*4), in EFTUD2 which encodes a component of the spliceosome complex. Dominant mutations in EFTUD2 cause Mandibulofacial Dysostosis, Guion‐Almeida type, which does not involve microphthalmia, coloboma, or retinal dystrophy; analysis of genes known to cause these ocular phenotypes identified several variants of unknown significance but no causal alleles in the affected patient. Zebrafish eftud2 demonstrated high sequence conservation with the human gene and broad embryonic expression. TALEN‐mediated disruption was employed to generate a c.378_385 del, p.(Ser127Aspfs*23) truncation mutation in eftud2. Homozygous mutants displayed a reduced head size, small eye, curved body, and early embryonic lethality. Apoptosis assays demonstrated a striking increase in terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase–mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end‐labeling (TUNEL)‐positive cells in the developing brain, eye, spinal cord, and other tissues starting at 30 hours postfertilization.ConclusionThis study reports a novel mutation in EFTUD2 in a Mandibulofacial Dysostosis, Guion‐Almeida type patient with unusual ocular features and the generation of a first animal model of eftud2 deficiency. The severe embryonic phenotype observed in eftud2 mutants indicates an important conserved role during development of diverse tissues in vertebrates. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 103:630–640, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Epigenetically altered miR‐193b targets cyclin D1 in prostate cancer
Authors: Kaukoniemi Kirsi M. , Rauhala Hanna E. , Scaravilli Mauro , Latonen Leena , Annala Matti , Vessella Robert L. , Nykter Matti , Tammela Teuvo L. J. , Visakorpi Tapio 
Published: July 2015

AbstractMicro‐RNAs (miRNA) are important regulators of gene expression and often differentially expressed in cancer and other diseases. We have previously shown that miR‐193b is hypermethylated in prostate cancer (PC) and suppresses cell growth. It has been suggested that miR‐193b targets cyclin D1 in several malignancies. Here, our aim was to determine if miR‐193b targets cyclin D1 in prostate cancer. Our data show that miR‐193b is commonly methylated in PC samples compared to benign prostate hyperplasia. We found reduced miR‐193b expression (P < 0.05) in stage pT3 tumors compared to pT2 tumors in a cohort of prostatectomy specimens. In 22Rv1 PC cells with low endogenous miR‐193b expression, the overexpression of miR‐193b reduced CCND1 mRNA levels and cyclin D1 protein levels. In addition, the exogenous expression of miR‐193b decreased the phosphorylation level of RB, a target of the cyclin D1‐CDK4/6 pathway. Moreover, according to a reporter assay, miR‐193b targeted the 3’UTR of CCND1 in PC cells and the CCND1 activity was rescued by expressing CCND1 lacking its 3’UTR. Immunohistochemical analysis of cyclin D1 showed that castration‐resistant prostate cancers have significantly (P = 0.0237) higher expression of cyclin D1 compared to hormone‐naïve cases. Furthermore, the PC cell lines 22Rv1 and VCaP, which express low levels of miR‐193b and high levels of CCND1, showed significant growth retardation when treated with a CDK4/6 inhibitor. In contrast, the inhibitor had no effect on the growth of PC‐3 and DU145 cells with high miR‐193b and low CCND1 expression. Taken together, our data demonstrate that miR‐193b targets cyclin D1 in prostate cancer.
Morphology‐Controlled Self‐Assembly and Nanostructured NiO: An Eﬃcient and Robust Photocatalytic Water‐Oxidation Catalyst
Authors: Du Xiaoqiang , Ding Yong , Li Chengqiang 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThree α‐NiO nanocompounds of different morphology, with nanorods, nanowires, and nanoplates, were synthesized by controlling the ratio of reactants and temperature. The shape and structure of the nanocompounds were confirmed by SEM, XRD, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, BET, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. These compounds were examined as catalysts in photocatalytic water oxidation with [Ru(2,2′‐bipyridine)3]2+ and S2O82− as a photosensitizer and a sacrificial oxidant, respectively. All of the samples exhibit high turnover frequencies and perfect stability in slightly alkaline conditions. A characteristic peak at around E=0.95 V versus Ag/AgCl assigned to a Ni3+ species was detected by cyclic voltammetry, which suggests that a high‐valent nickel species may be responsible for water oxidation. The surface properties of the α‐NiO nanorods also remain unchanged after examination by XPS before and after the photocatalytic reaction.
High‐Yield Lithiation of Azobenzenes by Tin–Lithium Exchange
Authors: Strueben Jan , Lipfert Matthias , Springer Jan‐Ole , Gould Colin A. , Gates Paul J. , Sönnichsen Frank D. , Staubitz Anne 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe lithiation of halogenated azobenzenes by halogen–lithium exchange commonly leads to substantial degradation of the azo group to give hydrazine derivatives besides the desired aryl lithium species. Yields of quenching reactions with electrophiles are therefore low. This work shows that a transmetalation reaction of easily accessible stannylated azobenzenes with methyllithium leads to a near‐quantitative lithiation of azobenzenes in para, meta, and ortho positions. To investigate the scope of the reaction, various lithiated azobenzenes were quenched with a variety of electrophiles. Furthermore, mechanistic 119Sn NMR spectroscopic studies on the formation of lithiated azobenzenes are presented. A tin ate complex of the azobenzene was detected and characterized at low temperature.
Binding Behaviors for Different Types of DNA G‐Quadruplexes: Enantiomers of [Ru(bpy)2(L)]2+ (L=dppz, dppz‐idzo)
Authors: Shi Shuo , Xu Jin‐Hong , Gao Xing , Huang Hai‐Liang , Yao Tian‐Ming 
Published: June 2015

AbstractPolymorphic DNA G‐quadruplex recognition has attracted great interest in recent years. The strong binding affinity and potential enantioselectivity of chiral [Ru(bpy)2(L)]2+ (L=dipyrido[3,2‐a:2′,3′‐c]phenazine, dppz‐10,11‐imidazolone; bpy=2,2′‐bipyridine) prompted this investigation as to whether the two enantiomers, Δ and Λ, can show different effects on diverse structures with a range of parallel, antiparallel and mixed parallel/antiparallel G‐quadruplexes. These studies provide a striking example of chiral‐selective recognition of DNA G‐quadruplexes. As for antiparallel (tel‐Na+) basket G‐quadruplex, the Λ enantiomers bind stronger than the Δ enantiomers. Moreover, the behavior reported here for both enantiomers stands in sharp contrast to B‐DNA binding. The chiral selectivity toward mixed parallel/antiparallel (tel‐K+) G‐quadruplex of both compounds is weak. Different loop arrangements can change chiral complex selectivity for both antiparallel and mixed parallel/antiparallel G‐quadruplex. Whereas both Δ and Λ isomers bind to parallel G‐quadruplexes with comparable affinity, no appreciable stereoselective G‐quadruplex binding of the isomers was observed. In addition, different binding stoichiometries and binding modes for Δ and Λ enantiomers were confirmed. The results presented here indicate that chiral selective G‐quadruplex binding is not only related to G‐quadruplex topology, but also to the sequence and the loop constitution.
Duplex‐Selective Ruthenium‐Based DNA Intercalators
Authors: Shade Chad M. , Kennedy Robert D. , Rouge Jessica L. , Rosen Mari S. , Wang Mary X. , Seo Soyoung E. , Clingerman Daniel J. , Mirkin Chad A. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWe report the design and synthesis of small molecules that exhibit enhanced luminescence in the presence of duplex rather than single‐stranded DNA. The local environment presented by a well‐known [Ru(dipyrido[3,2‐a:2′,3′‐c]phenazine)L2]2+‐based DNA intercalator was modified by functionalizing the bipyridine ligands with esters and carboxylic acids. By systematically varying the number and charge of the pendant groups, it was determined that decreasing the electrostatic interaction between the intercalator and the anionic DNA backbone reduced single‐strand interactions and translated to better duplex specificity. In studying this class of complexes, a single RuII complex emerged that selectively luminesces in the presence of duplex DNA with little to no background from interacting with single‐stranded DNA. This complex shows promise as a new dye capable of selectively staining double‐ versus single‐stranded DNA in gel electrophoresis, which cannot be done with conventional SYBR dyes.
Covalent Functionalization of HiPco Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes: Differences in the Oxidizing Action of H2SO4 and HNO3 during a Soft Oxidation Process
Authors: Devaux Xavier , Vigolo Brigitte , McRae Edward , Valsaque Fabrice , Allali Naoual , Mamane Victor , Fort Yves , Soldatov Alexander V. , Dossot Manuel , Tsareva Svetlana Yu. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe results of a study on the evolution of HiPco single‐walled carbon nanotubes during the oxidizing action of H2SO4 and HNO3 are presented. The process conditions used have been chosen so as to avoid any significant damage to the nanotube structure. The type and level of functionalization, the location of the grafted functions on the surface of the nanotube and the changes in morphological characteristics of the samples were examined by using a wide and complementary range of analytical techniques. We propose an explanation for the differences in the oxidizing action of sulfuric and nitric acids. The combined results allow us to suggest possible reaction mechanisms that occur on the surface of the nanotube.
Synthesis of Cyclic Carbonates from Epoxides and Carbon Dioxide by Using Organocatalysts
Authors: Cokoja Mirza , Wilhelm Michael E. , Anthofer Michael H. , Herrmann Wolfgang A. , Kühn Fritz E. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe synthesis of cyclic carbonates through coupling of carbon dioxide with epoxides is 100 % atom economical and is already performed on an industrial scale. Its impact regarding the use of carbon dioxide as a renewable carbon source is expected to grow significantly in the near future, so that the development of efficient catalysts is of high interest in academia and industry. To improve the carbon footprint and sustainability of the cycloaddition reaction, the use of organocatalytic methods is a promising approach. Herein, available metal‐free catalysts for the preparation of cyclic carbonates are described and elaborated concerning the overall sustainability of the process. Therefore, the required reaction conditions, as well as the activity of the catalysts and their reusability, are compared and evaluated. In addition to ammonium‐, phosphonium‐, or imidazolium‐based single‐component catalysts and their supported analogues, the growing field of research concerning dual catalysts are also discussed in detail.
Off–On, Ratiometric, and On–Off Fluorescence Responses of Thioether‐Linked Bisquinolines toward Hg2+ and Fe3+ Ions
Authors: Mikata Yuji , Nakanishi Kaori , Nakagaki Fumie , Kizu Asako , Konno Hideo 
Published: July 2015

AbstractFifteen bisquinoline derivatives with a thioether linker have been prepared, and their Hg2+‐ and Fe3+‐specific fluorescence responses have been investigated. Upon the addition of Hg2+ ions, unsubstituted 2‐quinolylmethyl derivatives 1a–1c exhibit a fluorescence enhancement (off–on) response. On the other hand, ratiometric and fluorescence quenching (on–off) responses are accomplished for derivatives with monomethoxy (2a–2c) and trimethoxy (3a–3c) substituents on the aromatic ring, respectively. The 8‐quinolylmethyl derivatives 4a–4c and 5a–5c exhibit a similar response pattern to those of 1 and 2 with enhanced Hg2+ ion selectivity. Increasing the number of sulfur atoms through the extension of the linker chain also improves the Hg2+ ion selectivity.
Removable Silyl Group as a “Masked Proton” in Oxy‐2‐oxonia(azonia)‐Cope Rearrangement: Applications in Stereoselective Total Synthesis of Natural Macrolides
Authors: Mu Wenbo , Zou Yue , Zhou Lijun , Wang Quanrui , Goeke Andreas 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn the presence of a Lewis acid, trimethylsilyl‐substituted β,γ‐unsaturated ketones and aldehydes (imines) undergo nucleophilic addition to produce zwitterionic intermediates, followed by oxy‐2‐oxonia(azonia)‐Cope rearrangements to give homoallylic esters (amides). In the case of TMS‐containing 2‐vinylcycloalkanones, the process results in ring‐enlargement, providing 10‐ to 16‐membered lactones. This protocol was applied to the total synthesis of (R)‐phoracantholide I.
Family member deaths across adulthood predict Alzheimer's disease risk: The Cache County Study
Authors: Norton Maria C. , Fauth Elizabeth , Clark Christine J. , Hatch Dan , Greene Daylee , Pfister Roxane , Tschanz JoAnn T. , Smith Ken R. 
Published: July 2015

ObjectivesParental death during childhood, and offspring and spouse death during adulthood have individually been associated with faster cognitive decline and higher Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk in late life. However, the cumulative effect of childhood and adulthood family deaths on AD risk among different age cohorts has not been studied.MethodsTo examine these associations, this prospective cohort study uses a population‐based sample of 4545 initially non‐demented participants (56.7% female; age M = 75.0/SD = 6.9 years) observed at four triennial waves, linked with objective Utah Population Database data on cumulative mother, father, sibling, spouse, and offspring death experienced during childhood and adulthood. Cox regression modeled survival time from baseline interview to AD onset, as a function of family deaths during childhood or adulthood, among different age groups, along with gender and presence of ε4 allele at apolipoprotein E (APOE) polymorphic genetic locus.ResultsAge group significantly moderated the relationship between family death and AD; among persons aged 65–69 years at baseline (children of the Great Depression), those exposed to 3–4 deaths and 5+ deaths during adulthood exhibited a doubling of AD risk (adjusted hazard ratio, aHR = 2.25, p = .038, and aHR = 2.72, p = .029), while among persons aged 80 years and older, those exposed to 3–4 deaths during adulthood exhibited lower AD risk (HR = 0.539, p = 0.014). In a combined model of childhood and adulthood deaths, these findings persisted.ConclusionsResults suggest a cohort effect in the link between family member deaths during adulthood and AD risk later in life. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The ontogeny of morphological defenses in Kemp's ridley (Lepidochelys kempii) and loggerhead (Caretta caretta) sea turtles
Authors: Salmon Michael , Higgins Benjamin , Stewart Joshua , Wyneken Jeanette 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTMarine turtles are large reptiles that compensate for high juvenile mortality by producing hundreds of hatchlings during a long reproductive lifespan. Most hatchlings are taken by predators during their migration to, and while resident in, the open ocean. Their survival depends upon crypticity, minimizing movement to avoid detection, and foraging efficiently to grow to a size too difficult for predators to either handle or swallow. While these behavioral antipredator tactics are known, changes in morphology accompanying growth may also improve survival prospects. These have been only superficially described in the literature. Here, we compare the similarities and differences in presumed morphological defenses of growing loggerhead (Caretta caretta) and Kemp's ridley (Lepidochelys kempii) posthatchlings, related species that differ in growth rate, timing of habitat shift (the return from oceanic to neritic locations), and size at maturity. In both species, vertebral spination and carapace widening increase disproportionally as small turtles grow, but later in ontogeny, the spines regress, sooner in ridley than in loggerhead turtles. Carapace widening occurs in both species but loggerheads are always longer than they are wide whereas in Kemp's ridley turtles, the carapace becomes as wide as long. Our analysis indicates that these changes are unrelated to when each species shifts habitat but are related to turtle size. We hypothesize that the spines function in small turtles as an early defense against gape‐limited predators, but changes in body shape function throughout ontogeny—initially to make small turtles too wide to swallow and later by presenting an almost flat and hardened surface that large predators (such as a sharks) are unable to grasp. The extremely wide carapace of the Kemp's ridley may compensate for its smaller adult size (and presumed greater vulnerability) than the loggerhead. J. Morphol. 276:929–940, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Thermal Characterization of Polymeric Coatings for Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms
Authors: Fuliaş Adriana , Vlase Gabriela , Todea Anamaria , Vlase Titus , Ledeţi Ionuţ 
Published: June 2015

SummarySix pharmaceutical coatings, currently used in commercial pharmaceutical formulation were evaluated for thermal stability using TG/DTG/HF hyphenated techniques. The polymeric coatings were also evaluated by the means of UATR‐FTIR spectroscopy. TG/DTG/HF measurements were performed under non‐isothermal conditions from 40 up to 400 °C linearly at a heating rate of 10 °C · min−1. The thermal stability of all studied samples that are currently used as coatings on the Romanian pharmaceutical industry was correlated with their chemical composition.