bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Life-Threatening Coronary Disease is Prevalent in Patients with Stenosing Carotid Artery Disease
Authors: Nuotio Krista , Soinne Lauri , Hänninen Helena , Saksi Jani , Tuimala Jarno , Jula Antti , Kovanen Petri T. , Kaste Markku , Ijäs Petra , Lindsberg Perttu J. 
Published: August 2015

Background Atherosclerosis affects several vascular trees systemically and though surgical plaque removal diminishes the risk of stroke in patients with carotid stenosis, they still face a risk of other atherothrombotic complications like myocardial infarction and premature death. Aims and/or hypothesis This study was designed to reveal the long-term risk of death and atherothrombotic events following carotid endarterectomy. Methods Eighty-nine previously (1997–2000) endarterectomized carotid patients (56–92 years) were followed up to 15·2 years. Causes of death, cardiovascular events (stroke, transient ischemic attack, acute myocardial infarction), comorbidities, and medications were recorded and analyzed by Cox regression analysis. Four population controls and four controls with coronary disease ( n = 712) were selected for each case from a population cohort for age- and gender-matched analysis. Results At the end of follow-up, 41 (44·6%) patients had died and 48 were alive. Ten patients (24,4%) died due to acute myocardial infarction and one (2,4%) due to stroke. Nineteen (21%) patients had an acute myocardial infarction, 12 (13%) had a stroke, 13 (15%) had a transient ischemic attack, and 5 (6%) had other atherothrombotic events. The risk of death was 5·7-fold in diabetics ( P < 0·001) and 3·9-fold in smokers ( P < 0·001). Patients who did not use statins had 5·0-fold, and irregular users 3·3-fold risk of death compared with active users ( P = 0·005 and P = 0·001, respectively). The major factors associated with acute myocardial infarction were diabetes (6·0-fold risk, P = 0·004), bilateral carotid disease (3·5-fold risk, P = 0·014), and lack of statin use (4·4-fold risk, P = 0·038). Compared with population controls, carotid patients had a 4·4-fold risk of acute myocardial infarction ( P = 0·002). Conclusions Endarterectomized carotid patients have a high risk of acute myocardial infarction and death, and need an intensified cardiovascular disease-risk-lowering treatment. Although asymptomatic, the evaluation of prognostically significant myocardial ischemia should be considered in these high-risk patients. Eventually, a clinical trial is needed to address whether carotid patients would benefit from early intervention.
Six‐year follow up of silodosin monotherapy for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia: What are the factors for continuation or withdrawal?
Authors: Yamanishi Tomonori , Kaga Kanya , Fuse Miki , Shibata Chiharu , Kamai Takao , Uchiyama Tomoyuki 
Published: August 2015

ObjectivesTo investigate the factors for continuation or withdrawal as an extension of a prospective study of silodosin monotherapy for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia for more than 6 years.MethodsA total of 104 patients (age 71.5 ± 8.2 years) were enrolled in the present study. The mean prostate volume was 44.1 ± 23.9 mL. International Prostate Symptom Score, quality of life index, maximum flow rate, and postvoid residual urine volume were determined at baseline, and at 1, 3, 6 and 12–72 months after treatment.ResultsAdverse events were noted in 14 patients (13.5%), and the most frequent adverse event was ejaculatory dysfunction (5.8%). Withdrawal was noted in 78 patients, and 26 patients (25.0%) were still taking silodosin at 72 months (continuing group). The reasons for withdrawals were: unknown in 27 patients (26.0%), adverse events in nine patients (8.7%), unsatisfactory effects in 30 patients (28.8%) and satisfied with the current condition for six patients (5.8%). In 30 patients who withdrew because of unsatisfactory effects, surgery was carried out in 21 patients (surgery group). The baseline total International Prostate Symptom Score did not differ between the continuing group and the surgery group. However, patients with the continuing group had significantly smaller baseline prostate volume, and lower baseline quality of life index and prostate‐specific antigen, than in the surgery group. The mean total International Prostate Symptom Score, quality of life index and maximum flow rate improved significantly at 1 month, and remained stable up to 72 months.ConclusionsThe withdrawal rate was higher in patients with a larger prostate. The effects of silodosin for lower urinary tract symptoms was immediate and stable up to 72 months.
Encrustations of the urinary catheter and prevention strategies: an observational study
Authors: Marcone Marchitti Claudia , Boarin Mattia , Villa Giulia 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTPatients with an indwelling urinary catheter are at risk of developing urinary tract infection: for each day of the catheter remaining in situ, there is an increasing risk from 3% to 7% for infection to appear. One of the main complications of catheterization is the onset of encrustations, frequently resulting in obstruction of the catheter. To investigate the prevalence of encrusted indwelling urinary catheters in outpatients referred to the Department of Urology. An observational study was carried out on outpatients referred to the Department of Urology in need of removal or replacement of indwelling urinary catheters. A table was completed to collect the data of each patient in order to investigate the presence of any possible encrustation. The collected data concerned 85 patients, 81 male (95·3%) and 4 female (4·7%). Patients had different pathologies and different types of catheter, with different sizes and different materials. The number of indwelling urinary catheters that during removal/replacement were visibly encrusted in the eyehole area totaled eight (9·4%). The analysis of the collected data suggests that the permanence of the catheter could potentially be one of the most relevant causes of encrustation; five out of eight patients with encrusted urethral catheter had it in place for 1 month, three of them for 2 weeks. There are many prevention strategies, among which promotion of nucleation pH (pHn) supplementation in the daily diet with liquids containing citrate is the most simple and suitable for all patients being inexpensive and effective.
Outcomes achieved by and police and clinician perspectives on a joint police officer and mental health clinician mobile response unit
Authors: Lee Stuart J. , Thomas Phillipa , Doulis Chantelle , Bowles Doug , Henderson Kathryn , Keppich‐Arnold Sandra , Perez Eva , Stafrace Simon 
Published: August 2015

AbstractDespite their limited mental health expertise, police are often first to respond to people experiencing a mental health crisis. Often the person in crisis is then transported to hospital for care, instead of receiving more immediate assessment and treatment in the community. The current study conducted an evaluation of an Australian joint police‐mental health mobile response unit that aimed to improve the delivery of a community‐based crisis response. Activity data were audited to demonstrate utilization and outcomes for referred people. Police officers and mental health clinicians in the catchment area were also surveyed to measure the unit's perceived impact. During the 6‐month pilot, 296 contacts involving the unit occurred. Threatened suicide (33%), welfare concerns (22%) and psychotic episodes (18%) were the most common reasons for referral. The responses comprised direct admission to a psychiatric unit for 11% of contacts, transportation to a hospital emergency department for 32% of contacts, and community management for the remainder (57%). Police officers were highly supportive of the model and reported having observed benefits of the unit for consumers and police and improved collaboration between services. The joint police‐mental health clinician unit enabled rapid delivery of a multi‐skilled crisis response in the community.
Biogeography versus resource management: how do they compare when prioritizing the management of coral reef fish in the south‐western Indian Ocean?
Authors: McClanahan T. R. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAimNumbers of coral reef species are broadly influenced by historical, physical and geographical factors that are often the basis for prioritizing conservation and management investments. In contrast, the number of species at a site is often influenced by site‐specific factors, including abundance, benthic cover and other habitat features (depth and exposure), fishing pressure and resource management. Conservation policies and programmes often prioritize geographies or specific management systems within specific geographies. I evaluate the variance in number of species at the site scale and estimate the contributions of fishing pressure, local habitat factors and regional geography to local diversity.LocationCoral reefs of the south‐western Indian Ocean (SWIO).MethodsSite‐level species richness data from an extensive field sample of common coral reef fish at 266 sites in seven SWIO countries were analysed to create four species richness metrics to evaluate the effects of local site, geography and management.ResultsThe local number of species was strongly predicted by an asymptotic relationship with fish biomass, followed by habitat variables, and lastly by the geographical positions of latitude and longitude. A species richness centre or ‘hotspot’ was found between Madagascar and the African coastline, but the variance attributable to geography when biomass and habitat effects were removed was small. Evaluation of the number of species in five existing fisheries management categories indicated that differences were chiefly influenced by biomass rather than habitat factors.Main conclusionsAlthough the centre of species richness may indicate a climate refugium that should be considered in conservation prioritization, this diversity‐centre effect can weaken if habitat and biomass features are reduced by climate disturbances and fishing. Consequently, the highest priority for conserving local numbers of reef fish species is to maintain biomass above the c. 600 kg ha−1 threshold found in this study.
The failing human heart is characterized by decreased numbers of telocytes as result of apoptosis and altered extracellular matrix composition
Authors: Richter Manfred , Kostin Sawa 
Published: August 2015

AbstractTelocytes (TCs) are a novel type of interstitial cells only recently described. This study aimed at characterizing and quantifying TCs and telopodes (Tps) in normal and diseased hearts. We have been suggested that TCs are influenced by the extracellular matrix (ECM) composition. We used transmission electron microscopy and c‐kit immunolabelling to identify and quantify TCs in explanted human hearts with heart failure (HF) because of dilated, ischemic or inflammatory cardiomyopathy. LV myectomy samples from patients with aortic stenosis with preserved ejection fraction and samples from donor hearts which could not be used for transplantation served as controls. Quantitative immunoconfocal analysis revealed that 1 mm2 of the normal myocardium contains 14.9 ± 3.4 TCs and 41.6 ± 5.9 Tps. As compared with the control group, the number of TCs and Tps in HF decreased more than twofold. There were no differences between HF and control in the number of Ki67‐positive TCs. In contrast, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP nick end labelling‐positive TCs increased threefold in diseased hearts as compared to control. Significant inverse correlations were found between the amount of mature fibrillar collagen type I and the number of TCs (r = −0.84; P < 0.01) and Tps (r = −0.85; P < 0.01). The levels of degraded collagens showed a significant positive relationship with the TCs numbers. It is concluded that in HF the number of TCs are decreased because of higher rates of TCs apoptosis. Moreover, our results indicate that a close relationship exists between TCs and the ECM protein composition such that the number of TCs and Tps correlates negatively with the amount of mature fibrillar collagens and correlates positively with degraded collagens.
Electron microscopy of human fascia lata: focus on telocytes
Authors: Dawidowicz Joanna , Szotek Sylwia , Matysiak Natalia , Mielańczyk Łukasz , Maksymowicz Krzysztof 
Published: August 2015

AbstractFrom the histological point of view, fascia lata is a dense connective tissue. Although extracellular matrix is certainly the most predominant fascia's feature, there are also several cell populations encountered within this structure. The aim of this study was to describe the existence and characteristics of fascia lata cell populations viewed through a transmission electron microscope. Special emphasis was placed on telocytes as a particular interstitial cell type, recently discovered in a wide variety of tissues and organs such as the heart, skeletal muscles, skin, gastrointestinal tract, uterus and urinary system. The conducted study confirmed the existence of a telocyte population in fascia lata samples. Those cells fulfil main morphological criteria of telocytes, namely, the presence of very long, thin cell processes (telopodes) extending from a relatively small cell body. Aside from telocytes, we have found fibroblasts, mast cells and cells with features of myofibroblastic differentiation. This is the first time it has been shown that telocytes exist in human fascia. Currently, the exact role of those cells within the fascia is unknown and definitely deserves further attention. One can speculate that fascia lata telocytes likewise telocytes in other organs may be involved in regeneration, homeostasis and intracellular signalling.
Circulating CD147 predicts mortality in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Lee Aimei , Rode Anthony , Nicoll Amanda , Maczurek Annette E , Lim Lucy , Lim Seok , Angus Peter , Kronborg Ian , Arachchi Niranjan , Gorelik Alexandra , Liew Danny , Warner Fiona J , McCaughan Geoffrey W , McLennan Susan V , Shackel Nicholas A 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackground and Aim:The glycoprotein CD147 has a role in tumor progression, is readily detectable in the circulation, and is abundantly expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Advanced HCC patients are a heterogeneous group with some individuals having dismal survival. The aim of this study was to examine circulating soluble CD147 levels as a prognostic marker in HCC patients.Methods:CD147 was measured in 277 patients (110 HCC, 115 chronic liver disease, and 52 non‐liver disease). Clinical data included etiology, tumor progression, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage, and treatment response. Patients with HCC were stratified into two groups based upon the 75th percentile of CD147 levels (24 ng/mL).Results:CD147 in HCC correlated inversely with poor survival (P = 0.031). Increased CD147 predicted poor survival in BCLC stages C and D (P = 0.045), and CD147 levels >24 ng/mL predicted a significantly diminished 90‐day and 180‐day survival time (hazard ratio [HR] = 6.1; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.1–63.2; P = 0.0045 and HR = 2.8; 95% CI: 1.2–12.6; P = 0.028, respectively). In BCLC stage C, CD147 predicted prognosis; levels >24 ng/mL were associated with a median survival of 1.5 months compared with 6.5 months with CD147 levels ≤24 ng/mL (P = 0.03). CD147 also identified patients with a poor prognosis independent from treatment frequency, modality, and tumor size.Conclusions:Circulating CD147 is an independent marker of survival in advanced HCC. CD147 requires further evaluation as a potential new prognostic measure in HCC to identify patients with advanced disease who have a poor prognosis.
Proposal of a new diagnostic algorithm for hepatocellular carcinoma based on the Japanese guidelines but adapted to the Western world for patients under surveillance for chronic liver disease
Authors: Renzulli Matteo , Golfieri Rita ,   Bologna Liver Oncology Group (BLOG)
Published: August 2015

AbstractTo date, despite many scientific evidences, the guidelines of the principal hepatological societies, such as the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, the European Association for the Study of the Liver, and the Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver, do not recognize the diagnostic superiority of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) over computed tomography in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and, for the most part, do not contemplate the use of hepatospecific contrast media, such as gadolinium‐ethoxybenzyl‐diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (EOB). The aim of this paper was to analyze the recent results of EOB‐MRI in the study of chronic liver disease and the differences between the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the Japan Society of Hepatology guidelines, of which the latter represents the most consolidated experience on EOB‐MRI use for HCC diagnosis. Finally, a new diagnostic algorithm for HCC in patients under surveillance for chronic liver disease was formulated, which contemplates the use of EOB. This new diagnostic algorithm is based on the Japan Society of Hepatology algorithm but goes beyond it by adapting it to the Western world, taking into account both the difference between the two and the latest results concerning the diagnosis of HCC. This new diagnostic algorithm for HCC is proposed in order to provide useful diagnostic tools to all those Western countries where the use of EOB (more expensive than extracellular contrast media) is widespread but in which common strategies to manage the nodules that this new contrast agent allows identifying have not been available to date.
Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Elder Abuse and Neglect in the Community: A Population‐Based Study
Authors: Burnes David , Pillemer Karl , Caccamise Paul L. , Mason Art , Henderson Charles R. , Berman Jacquelin , Cook Ann Marie , Shukoff Denise , Brownell Patricia , Powell Mebane , Salamone Aurora , Lachs Mark S. 
Published: August 2015

ObjectivesTo estimate past‐year prevalence and identify risk and protective factors of elder emotional abuse, physical abuse, and neglect.DesignCross‐sectional, population‐based study using random‐digit‐dial sampling and direct telephone interviews.SettingNew York State households.ParticipantsRepresentative (race, ethnicity, sex) sample (N = 4,156) of English‐ or Spanish‐speaking, community‐dwelling, cognitively intact individuals aged 60 and older.MeasurementsThe Conflict Tactics Scale was adapted to assess elder emotional and physical abuse. Elder neglect was evaluated according to failure of a responsible caregiver to meet an older adult's needs using the Duke Older Americans Resources and Services (OARS) scale. Caseness thresholds were based on mistreatment behavior frequencies and elder perceptions of problem seriousness.ResultsPast‐year prevalence of elder emotional abuse was 1.9%, of physical abuse was 1.8%, and of neglect was 1.8%, with an aggregate prevalence of 4.6%. Emotional and physical abuse were associated with being separated or divorced, living in a lower‐income household, functional impairment, and younger age. Neglect was associated with poor health, being separated or divorced, living below the poverty line, and younger age. Neglect was less likely in older adults of Hispanic ethnicity.ConclusionElder abuse and neglect are common problems, with divergent risk and protective factor profiles. These findings have direct implications for public screening and education and awareness efforts designed to prevent elder mistreatment.
Social Impacts of International Trade on the Chinese Transport Sector
Authors: Alsamawi Ali , McBain Darian , Murray Joy , Geschke Arne 
Published: August 2015

SummaryThe World Health Organization sees traffic injuries as a global health and development problem predicted to become the fifth leading cause of death by 2030. This study uses input‐output techniques to shed light on the impact of international trade on the Chinese transport sector and its consequences for the lives of Chinese transport workers and the general population. We calculate the direct and indirect transport‐accident footprints associated with products consumed domestically and internationally. Transport‐accident footprints are comprised of fatal and nonfatal accidents from the transport sector. Our study finds that half of the accidents in the transport sector's footprint are embodied within exports to the United States, Japan, Hong Kong, United Kingdom, Germany, and Korea in the electronics, clothes, and minerals sectors. The study also shows that countries with a small population and high income have the highest per capita embodied accidents in the transport footprint of their imports from China. This study demonstrates that when considering the impacts of consumption in global trade, the social impact of production—in this case of transport accidents associated with production—must be considered.
Arabidopsis SMALL ORGAN 4, a homolog of yeast NOP53, regulates cell proliferation rate during organ growth
Authors: Zhang Xiao‐Ran , Qin Zhixiang , Zhang Xiao , Hu Yuxin 
Published: August 2015

AbstractCell proliferation is a fundamental event essential for plant organogenesis and contributes greatly to the final organ size. Although the control of cell proliferation in plants has been extensively studied, how the plant sets the cell number required for a single organ is largely elusive. Here, we describe the Arabidopsis SMALL ORGAN 4 (SMO4) that functions in the regulation of cell proliferation rate and thus final organ size. The smo4 mutant exhibits a reduced size of organs due to the decreased cell number, and further analysis reveals that such phenotype results from a retardation of the cell cycle progression during organ development. SMO4 encodes a homolog of NUCLEOLAR PROTEIN 53 (NOP53) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and is expressed primarily in tissues undergoing cell proliferation. Nevertheless, further complementation tests show that SMO4 could not rescue the lethal defect of NOP53 mutant of S. cerevisiae. These results define SMO4 as an important regulator of cell proliferation during organ growth and suggest that SMO4 might have been evolutionarily divergent from NOP53.
Anther and pollen development: A conserved developmental pathway
Authors: Gómez José Fernández , Talle Behzad , Wilson Zoe A 
Published: August 2015

AbstractPollen development is a critical step in plant development that is needed for successful breeding and seed formation. Manipulation of male fertility has proved a useful trait for hybrid breeding and increased crop yield. However, although there is a good understanding developing of the molecular mechanisms of anther and pollen anther development in model species, such as Arabidopsis and rice, little is known about the equivalent processes in important crops. Nevertheless the onset of increased genomic information and genetic tools is facilitating translation of information from the models to crops, such as barley and wheat; this will enable increased understanding and manipulation of these pathways for agricultural improvement.