bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pollination by nocturnal Lepidoptera, and the effects of light pollution: a review
Authors: MACGREGOR CALLUM J. , POCOCK MICHAEL J. O. , FOX RICHARD , EVANS DARREN M. 
Published: December 2014

1. Moths (Lepidoptera) are the major nocturnal pollinators of flowers. However, their importance and contribution to the provision of pollination ecosystem services may have been under‐appreciated. Evidence was identified that moths are important pollinators of a diverse range of plant species in diverse ecosystems across the world.2. Moth populations are known to be undergoing significant declines in several European countries. Among the potential drivers of this decline is increasing light pollution. The known and possible effects of artificial night lighting upon moths were reviewed, and suggest how artificial night lighting might in turn affect the provision of pollination by moths. The need for studies of the effects of artificial night lighting upon whole communities of moths was highlighted.3. An ecological network approach is one valuable method to consider the effects of artificial night lighting upon the provision of pollination by moths, as it provides useful insights into ecosystem functioning and stability, and may help elucidate the indirect effects of artificial light upon communities of moths and the plants they pollinate.4. It was concluded that nocturnal pollination is an ecosystem process that may potentially be disrupted by increasing light pollution, although the nature of this disruption remains to be tested.
Ten‐year prognosis in multiple sclerosis: a better outcome in relapsing−remitting patients but not in primary progressive patients
Authors: Kerbrat A. , Hamonic S. , Leray E. , Tron I. , Edan G. , Yaouanq J. ,   the West Neuroscience Network of Excellence (WENNE)
Published: December 2014

Background and purposeMultiple sclerosis (MS) prognosis remains a challenge for both patients and physicians. Complementary to natural history studies, updated population‐based data from the first event suggestive of MS, at the time of the first approved disease modifying drug (DMD), are needed. Our objective was to provide a 10‐year history of MS from clinical onset at time of first approved DMDs in a population‐based cohort.MethodsA population‐based cohort of patients whose first clinical event suggestive of MS had occurred in Brittany between 2000 and 2001 was prospectively selected. History of relapses, treatments and disability up to 10 years after onset were collected.ResultsIn all, 278 patients with either attack‐onset (n = 244) or progressive‐onset (n = 34) were recruited. Amongst attack‐onset patients, 30% remained as clinically isolated syndrome and 70% had a second relapse after a median time of 1.7 years (95% confidence interval 1.2–2.4). 80% of relapsing−remitting MS patients received DMDs for at least 6 months. 29% reached disability status scale (DSS) 3 and 8% DSS 6. Amongst progressive‐onset patients, 100% reached DSS 3 and 59% DSS 6.Conclusion(s)Our population‐based study reports a lower risk of disability progression at 10‐year follow‐up in the relapsing−remitting MS group than previously reported. This better prognosis was not observed in the progressive‐onset MS group. This finding impacts the prognosis given to patients in clinical practice.
Getting the environmental information across: from the Web to the user
Authors: Wanner Leo , Bosch Harald , Bouayad‐Agha Nadjet , Casamayor Gerard , Ertl Thomas , Hilbring Désirée , Johansson Lasse , Karatzas Kostas , Karppinen Ari , Kompatsiaris Ioannis , Koskentalo Tarja , Mille Simon , Moßgraber Jürgen , Moumtzidou Anastasia , Myllynen Maria , Pianta Emanuele , Rospocher Marco , Serafini Luciano , Tarvainen Virpi , Tonelli Sara , Vrochidis Stefanos 
Published: December 2014

AbstractEnvironmental and meteorological conditions are of utmost importance for the population, as they are strongly related to the quality of life. Citizens are increasingly aware of this importance. This awareness results in an increasing demand for environmental information tailored to their specific needs and background. We present an environmental information platform that supports submission of user queries related to environmental conditions and orchestrates results from complementary services to generate personalized suggestions. The system discovers and processes reliable data in the Web in order to convert them into knowledge. At runtime, this information is transferred into an ontology‐structured knowledge base, from which then information relevant to the specific user is deduced and communicated in the language of their preference. The platform is demonstrated with real world use cases in the south area of Finland, showing the impact it can have on the quality of everyday life.
Human Δ3,Δ2‐enoyl‐CoA isomerase, type 2: a structural enzymology study on the catalytic role of its ACBP domain and helix‐10
Authors: Onwukwe Goodluck U. , Kursula Petri , Koski M. Kristian , Schmitz Werner , Wierenga Rik K. 
Published: December 2014

The catalytic domain of the trimeric human Δ3,Δ2‐enoyl‐CoA isomerase, type 2 (HsECI2), has the typical crotonase fold. In the active site of this fold two main chain NH groups form an oxyanion hole for binding the thioester oxygen of the 3E‐ or 3Z‐enoyl‐CoA substrate molecules. A catalytic glutamate is essential for the proton transfer between the substrate C2 and C4 atoms for forming the product 2E‐enoyl‐CoA, which is a key intermediate in the β‐oxidation pathway. The active site is covered by the C‐terminal helix‐10. In HsECI2, the isomerase domain is extended at its N terminus by an acyl‐CoA binding protein (ACBP) domain. Small angle X‐ray scattering analysis of HsECI2 shows that the ACBP domain protrudes out of the central isomerase trimer. X‐ray crystallography of the isomerase domain trimer identifies the active site geometry. A tunnel, shaped by loop‐2 and extending from the catalytic site to bulk solvent, suggests a likely mode of binding of the fatty acyl chains. Calorimetry data show that the separately expressed ACBP and isomerase domains bind tightly to fatty acyl‐CoA molecules. The truncated isomerase variant (without ACBP domain) has significant enoyl‐CoA isomerase activity; however, the full‐length isomerase is more efficient. Structural enzymological studies of helix‐10 variants show the importance of this helix for efficient catalysis. Its hydrophobic side chains, together with residues from loop‐2 and loop‐4, complete a hydrophobic cluster that covers the active site, thereby fixing the thioester moiety in a mode of binding competent for efficient catalysis.DatabaseStructural data are available in the PDB database under the accession numbers 4U18 (ISO‐ECI2), 4U19 (ISOA‐ECI2), 4U1A (ISOB‐ECI2)
Reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the simplified nutritional appetite questionnaire in community‐dwelling older adults
Authors: Nakatsu Nobuyuki , Sawa Ryuichi , Misu Shogo , Ueda Yuya , Ono Rei 
Published: December 2014

AimTo translate the Simplified Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire (SNAQ) into Japanese, and assess its reliability and validity in Japanese community‐dwelling older adults.MethodsA total of 84 community‐dwelling older adults people aged 65 years or older were included in the present study, and those with a Mini‐Mental State Examination score of <24, had dementia, had digestive disease or who did not complete the examination were excluded. The SNAQ was translated into Japanese according to an internationally accepted methodology. The internal reliability of the SNAQ was evaluated by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Test–retest reliability was evaluated using the intraclass correlation coefficient. The dimensionality of the SNAQ was evaluated by factor analysis. Concurrent validity was evaluated by measuring the Pearson's correlation coefficient between the SNAQ and Mini‐Nutritional Assessment Short‐Form scores, Geriatric Depression Scale scores, walking speed test, chair‐stand test, hand grip strength test, or the Timed Up and Go test.ResultsThe mean score of the Japanese version of the SNAQ was 15.5, with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.545 and intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.754. Factor analysis showed a single factor with 50.0% explained variance. The SNAQ was significantly associated with the Mini‐Nutritional Assessment Short‐Form, Geriatric Depression Scale, walking speed test, chair‐stand test and the Timed Up and Go test. Handgrip strength test did not show a significant association with the SNAQ.ConclusionThe Japanese version of the SNAQ had sufficient reliability and validity. Furthermore, SNAQ (Japanese version) is useful for evaluating the appetite of community‐dwelling older adults in Japan. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2015; 15: 1264–1269.
Habitat use of the endangered parasitic butterfly Phengaris arion close to its northern distribution limit
Authors: Vilbas Margus , Teder Tiit , Tiitsaar Anu , Kaasik Ants , Esperk Toomas 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

Populations close to species distribution limits often differ in their habitat use from more central populations of the species distribution. Knowledge of species ecology derived from the latter may therefore not be sufficient to ensure successful conservation of peripheral populations.

In this study, we examine habitat use of Phengaris (=Maculinea) arion (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae), an endangered myrmecophilous butterfly, in populations close to its northern distribution limit (in Estonia). A particular emphasis is given to its interactions with other species – host plant and host ant use, and, as a novel aspect, adult predation by dragonflies.

Phengaris arion was found to be restricted to grassland patches with much higher host plant abundance than shown in other regions and predicted by habitat suitability models.

All direct observations of the host ant use of P. arion were limited to the colonies of Myrmica lonae, an ant species which has nowhere else been demonstrated to be the primary host of this butterfly. Our data thus contribute to the emerging understanding that host ant use in P. arion can be geographically remarkably diverse.

The results indicate that dragonfly predation on adult butterflies could be an essential driver of patch occupancy in P. arion. Our findings thus suggest that top‐down influences, largely neglected in butterfly conservation, may actually need to be considered.
Estimating bee and wasp (Hymenoptera: Aculeata) diversity on clear‐cuts in forest landscapes – an evaluation of sampling methods
Authors: Rubene Diana , Schroeder Martin , Ranius Thomas 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

To assess species diversity efficiently and adequately, it is important to understand how species diversity assessments are affected by sampling effort and methodology.

We evaluated methods for sampling bees and wasps on clear‐cuts in managed boreal forest landscapes to assess the effects of trap type, sampling effort and time within season on observed species diversity.

We found that pan traps and window traps captured similar numbers of species, whereas a much lower number was captured by trap‐nests.

The efficiency of the trap types varied between species groups, with pollen‐collecting bees being most effectively sampled by pan traps and dead wood‐nesting bees and wasps by window traps.

Species turnover over time was moderate, and consequently the sampling period could be reduced to 5–6 weeks in boreal forests and similar habitat types without a major decrease in the number of species collected.

We recommend using window traps for bees and wasps in forest habitats. Combining trap types is recommended if the aim is to collect broad species assemblages, while single types are most useful for the efficient collection of specific species groups.
Comparison of clinical and cone beam computed tomography measurements to diagnose furcation involvement
Authors: Darby I , Sanelli M , Shan S , Silver J , Singh A , Soedjono M , Ngo L 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAimThis study aimed to determine the degree of discrepancy between clinical measurement of furcation involvement (FI) and cone beam computed tomography image analysis of multirooted teeth.MethodsFI measurements obtained from clinical records were compared to CBCT images of the same teeth to determine the degree of discrepancy between CBCT FI grading and clinical FI grading.ResultsOf the hundred and fifty‐four sites analysed, 22% of FI measurements from probing and CBCT were in agreement. Fifty‐eight percent of clinical FI recordings were overestimated, and 20% were underestimated when compared to CBCT analysis.ConclusionClinical recording of FI is both over and underestimated compared to CBCT analysis. This was highest for probing recording grade I furcation involvement where it was highly overestimated. The occurrence of over and under estimation of FI will affect the assignment of prognosis to multirooted teeth, which can influence treatment planning for periodontal therapy and may result in inappropriate treatment.
Cylindroma: an update
Authors: Jordão Clarice , de Magalhães Taissa Canedo , Cuzzi Tullia , Ramos‐e‐Silva Marcia 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis paper reviews the recent literature on cylindroma, a rare tumor originating from the cutaneous adnexal structures of the scalp and face. Benign cylindroma is more frequent in women, and there are solitary and multiple forms, which are autosomal. Malignant cylindroma can occur in the Brooke–Spiegler syndrome, and malignant transformation is more frequent in multiple variants than in solitary tumors. Its histopathological basis is controversial, and its origin is unknown, although it is known that there is a genetic basis for onset of these tumors in Brooke–Spiegler syndrome.
Increased interventricular septum wall thickness predicts all‐cause death in patients with coronary artery disease
Authors: Huang B.‐T. , Peng Y. , Liu W. , Zhang C. , Huang F.‐Y. , Wang P.‐J. , Zuo Z.‐L. , Liao Y.‐B. , Chai H. , Huang K.‐S. , Huang D.‐J. , Chen M. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundThere is debate regarding the predictive value of interventricular septum (IVS) wall thickness for adverse events.AimsThe study investigated the association between the severity of thickened IVS and all‐cause death in Chinese patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).MethodsA total of 2297 CAD patients verified by angiography was consecutively included. Patients were grouped according to the severity of thickened IVS. Cox regression analysis was conducted to determine the independent prognostic value of thickened IVS for all‐cause death.ResultsDuring a median follow up of 25 months, 149 patients died. A gradient increase in the risk of death was observed across thickened IVS groups. Compared to patients with normal IVS thickness, the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) was 1.49 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00–2.23, P = 0.05) and 2.13 (95% CI 1.29–3.54, P = 0.003) for all‐cause death in those with mildly and moderately/severely thickened IVS respectively. For one unit increase in IVS thickness, the risk of all‐cause death was elevated by 14% (adjusted HR 1.14, 95% CI 1.05–1.24, P = 0.003). In patients with normal indexed left ventricular mass, thickened IVS was also demonstrated as an independent risk factor for all‐cause death.ConclusionThickened IVS can be served as a reliable marker for predicting all‐cause death in Chinese patients with CAD, even in those with normal left ventricular mass.
Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome
Authors: Calic Z. , Cappelen‐Smith C. , Zagami A. S. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractReversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) is a clinical‐radiological syndrome characterised by severe thunderclap headaches with or without other neurological symptoms and multifocal constriction of cerebral arteries that usually resolves spontaneously within 3 months. Most patients recover completely, but up to 10% have a permanent neurological disability and some even die. Previously RCVS has been described in many clinical contexts and under different names with the term RCVS first being suggested in 2007 to unify the group. The condition may be spontaneous, but in up to 60% of cases it is secondary to another cause, including vasoactive substances (medications and illicit drugs), blood products and the post‐partum state. It is believed to have a similar pathophysiological mechanism to the posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES), and both can occur in similar clinical contexts and are frequently associated. Treatment options include calcium channel antagonists. RCVS occurs in a broad range of clinical situations making it an increasingly recognised condition about which doctors in various specialties need to be aware.
Risk factors of pandemic influenza A/H1N1 in a prospective household cohort in the general population: results from the CoPanFlu‐France cohort
Authors: Delabre Rosemary M. , Lapidus Nathanael , Salez Nicolas , Mansiaux Yohann , de Lamballerie Xavier , Carrat Fabrice 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundThe CoPanFlu‐France household cohort was set up in 2009 to identify risk factors of infection by the pandemic A/H1N1 (H1N1pdm09) virus in the general population.ObjectivesTo investigate the determinants of infection during the 2010–2011 season, the first complete influenza season of study follow‐up for this cohort.Patients/MethodsPre‐ and post‐epidemic blood samples were collected for all subjects, and nasal swabs were obtained in all subjects from households where an influenza‐like illness was reported. Cases were defined as either a fourfold increase in the serological titer or a laboratory‐confirmed H1N1pdm09 on a nasal swab, with either RT‐PCR or multiplex PCR. Risk factors for H1N1pdm09 infections were explored, without any pre‐specified hypothesis, among 167 individual, collective and environmental covariates via generalized estimating equations modeling. We adopted a multimodel selection procedure to control for model selection uncertainty.ResultsThis analysis is based on a sample size of 1121 subjects. The final multivariable model identified one risk factor (history of asthma, OR = 2·17; 95% CI: 1·02–4·62) and three protective factors: pre‐epidemic serological titer (OR = 0·51 per doubling of the titer; 95% CI: 0·39–0·67), green tea consumption a minimum of two times a week (OR = 0·39; 95% CI: 0·18–0·84), and proportion of subjects in the household always covering their mouth while coughing/sneezing (OR = 0·93 per 10% increase; 95% CI: 0·86–1·00).ConclusionThis exploratory study provides further support of previously reported risk factors and highlights the importance of collective protective behaviors in the household. Further analyses will be conducted to explore these findings.
Comorbidity profiles in association with vitiligo: a nationwide population‐based study in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Y.T. , Chen Y.J. , Hwang C.Y. , Lin M.W. , Chen T.J. , Chen C.C. , Chu S.Y. , Lee D.D. , Chang Y.T. , Liu H.N. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe previous literature has demonstrated the association of autoimmune and atopic diseases with vitiligo, but there has been no large‐scale nationwide study conducted to confirm this.ObjectivesThe present study was conducted to clarify the comorbid profiles in vitiligo patients and thereby better understand their clinical scenarios and underlying pathogenesis.MethodsThis was a retrospective population‐based study conducted from 1996 to 2011 via the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan. The differences in the prevalence of multiple autoimmune and atopic diseases between case subjects and controls were analysed by multiple logistic regression method.ResultsA total of 14883 vitiligo patients and 59532 controls were enroled. The prevalence of vitiligo was 0.064% and the peak of onset age was 40–59 years old. The non‐stratified analysis evidenced a significant association between vitiligo and several comorbid diseases, including alopecia areata, Hashimoto thyroiditis, myasthenia gravis, psoriasis, Graves' disease, Sjögren's syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus and atopic dermatitis. Vitiligo patients also had higher prevalence of multiple comorbidities than controls. In the age‐ and gender‐stratified analysis, increased risks of systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjögren's syndrome were observed only in subjects aged 60–79. The association of vitiligo with myasthenia gravis and rheumatoid arthritis was identified only in the subgroup aged 20–39 and in females aged 60–79 respectively.ConclusionOur study not only confirmed the significant association of vitiligo with multiple autoimmune and atopic diseases in Taiwan but also disclosed several unique findings, including the much lower prevalence of vitiligo, delayed onset of vitiligo by three decades, different associated comorbidity profiles comparing to westerners and the age‐ and gender‐specific approach for the vitiligo‐associated comorbidities.
Sapocribrum chincoteaguense n. gen. n. sp.: A Small, Scale‐bearing Amoebozoan with Flabellinid Affinities
Authors: Lahr Daniel J. G. , Grant Jessica , Molestina Robert , Katz Laura A. , Anderson O. Roger 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe isolate American Type Culture Collection (ATCC)® 50979™ is a small amoebozoan whose actin gene was previously characterized, but did not allow a stable phylogenetic placement. This isolate was originally mis‐identified upon deposition, and subsequently mis‐illustrated in a recent publication. Here, we provide both a detailed morphological description as well as additional molecular analyses in order to clarify the isolate's phylogenetic relationships. The amoeba is minute (less than 5 μm), and presents the behavior of staying in a fixed location, while emitting one or two thin pseudopods. Transmission electron microscopy reveals that the cell is covered in a layer with embedded scales, giving the cell an armored appearance. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of data (actin, alpha‐ and beta‐tubulin, elongation factor 2, and 14‐3‐3) from transcriptomes of this and four other isolates reveals that ATCC® 50979™ is closely related to the recently described Squamamoeba japonica and in a novel, stable clade. Due to the unique nature of the scale covering, as well as other gross morphological characters and the molecular phylogenetic analyses, we formally describe the isolate as Sapocribrum chincoteaguense n. gen. n. sp.
Cytologic and Genetic Characteristics of Endobiotic Bacteria and Kleptoplasts of Virgulinella fragilis (Foraminifera)
Authors: Tsuchiya Masashi , Toyofuku Takashi , Uematsu Katsuyuki , Brüchert Volker , Collen John , Yamamoto Hiroyuki , Kitazato Hiroshi 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe benthic foraminifer Virgulinella fragilis Grindell and Collen 1976 has multiple putative symbioses with both bacterial and kleptoplast endobionts, possibly aiding its survival in environments from dysoxia (5–45 μmol‐O2/L) to microxia (0–5 μmol‐O2/L) and in the dark. To clarify the origin and function of V. fragilis endobionts, we used genetic analyses and transmission electron microscope observations. Virgulinella fragilis retained δ‐proteobacteria concentrated at its cell periphery just beneath the cell membranes. Unlike another foraminifer Stainforthia spp., which retains many bacterial species, V. fragilis has a less variable bacterial community. This suggests that V. fragilis maintains a specific intracellular bacterial flora. Unlike the endobiotic bacteria, V. fragilis klepto‐plasts originated from various diatom species and are found in the interior cytoplasm. We found evidence of both retention and digestion of kleptoplasts, and of fragmentation of the kleptoplastid outer membrane that likely facilitates transport of kleptoplastid products to the host. Accumulations of mitochondria were observed encircling endobiotic bacteria. It is likely that the bacteria use host organic material for carbon oxidation. The mitochondria may use oxygen available around the δ‐proteobacteria and synthesize adenosine triphosphate, perhaps for sulfide oxidation.