bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of cadaveric and isomorphic virtual haptic simulation in temporal bone training
Authors: Wong Dana , Unger Bertram , Kraut Jay , Pisa Justyn , Rhodes Charlotte , Hochman Jordan B 
Published: October 2014

Background Virtual surgery may improve learning and provides an opportunity for pre-operative surgical rehearsal. We describe a novel haptic temporal bone simulator specifically developed for multicore processing and improved visual realism. A position locking algorithm for enhanced drill-bone interaction and haptic fidelity is further employed. The simulation construct is evaluated against cadaveric education. Methods A voxel-based simulator was designed for multicore architecture employing Marching Cubes and Laplacian smoothing to perform real-time haptic and graphic rendering of virtual bone. Ten Otolaryngology trainees dissected a cadaveric temporal bone (CTB) followed by a virtual isomorphic haptic model (VM) based on derivative microCT data. Participants rated 1) physical characteristics, 2) specific anatomic constructs, 3) usefulness in skill development and 4) perceived educational value. The survey instrument employed a Likert scale (1-7). Results Residents were equivocal about the physical properties of the VM, as cortical (3.2 ± 2.0) and trabecular (2.8 ± 1.6) bone drilling character was appraised as dissimilar to CTB. Overall similarity to cadaveric training was moderate (3.5 ± 1.8). Residents generally felt the VM was beneficial in skill development, rating it highest for translabyrinthine skull-base approaches (5.2 ± 1.3). The VM was considered an effective (5.4 ± 1.5) and accurate (5.7 ± 1.4) training tool which should be integrated into resident education (5.5 ± 1.4). The VM was thought to improve performance (5.3 ± 1.8) and confidence (5.3 ± 1.9) and was highly rated for anatomic learning (6.1 ± 1.9). Conclusion Study participants found the VM to be a beneficial and effective platform for learning temporal bone anatomy and surgical techniques. They identify some concern with limited physical realism likely owing to the haptic device interface. This study is the first to compare isomorphic simulation in education. This significantly removes possible confounding features as the haptic simulation was based on derivative imaging.
Metabolic tumour volume as a prognostic factor for oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma treated with primary surgery
Authors: Zhang Han , Seikaly Hadi , Abele Jonathan T , Jeffery Dean T , Harris Jeffrey R , O'Connell Daniel A 
Published: October 2014

Background Metabolic tumour volume (MTV) obtained from pre-treatment 18 F-fluorodeoxydeglucose positron emission tomography with computed tomography (PET-CT) has been validated as an independent predictive factor of outcomes in head and neck cancer patients (HNC) treated with primary chemoradiotherapy (CRT). However its role in patients treated with primary surgery has not yet been studied. Objective To evaluate the prognostic value of MTV in patients treated with primary surgery for oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC). Method Demographic and survival data was obtained from patients diagnosed with OCSCC from 2008-2012 in Alberta, Canada. All patients included in the study had PET-CT scan before curative surgical resection. MTV and maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) value was delineated from pre-treatment PET-CT scans using Segami Oasis software (Columbus, OH). MTV and SUVmax were divided into intertertile thirds before statistical analysis to allow for in-group comparison of survival. Results A total of 80 patients were analyzed using SPSS ver. 20.0 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL). Five-year overall, and disease-free survival using Kaplan-Meier curves were 70% and 73% respectively. When the combined SUVmax (tumour primary and locoregional metastasis) was evaluated, it failed to predict overall (HR = 1.0, p = 0.99) or disease-free survival (HR = 1.0, p = 0.227). Conversely an increase in MTV of 17.5 mL (difference between the highest and lowest MTV tertile) was associated with a 12.4 fold increase in risk of disease recurrence (p < 0.001) and an 11.2 fold increase in the risk of death (p < 0.05). Conclusions This study shows that MTV is an independent adverse prognostic factor for death and disease recurrence in OCSCC treated with primary surgery.
Use of solar energy for biodiesel production and use of biodiesel waste as a green reaction solvent
Authors: Agee Brian M , Mullins Gene , Swartling Daniel J 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Due to the depletion of fossil fuel energy sources, new alternative energy sources are becoming prevalent in our society. Biodiesel has been recognized as an attractive replacement for depleting energy sources since it is produced mainly from vegetable oils and animal fats, is a renewable resource, and is non-toxic. The synthesis of biodiesel involves heating a triglyceride with methanol (or ethanol) under strongly basic conditions. Since fossil fuels are used for electrical energy in the United States, the amount of electricity required to heat this reaction requires the use of non-renewable resources. An effective means for minimizing the amount of electricity needed to drive chemical reactions to completion is proposed through the use of solar parabolic reflectors. In this study, a technique was developed to incorporate recently proposed solar reflectors developed from satellite dishes into the synthetic procedure for biodiesel. Through the use of our technique, the generation of carbon dioxide waste during biodiesel production has been eliminated. Another area of environmental concern in biodiesel production is the generation of waste by-products (glycerol). A technique has been developed that incorporates the use of recovered biodiesel waste glycerol as the solvent system for Wolff-Kishner reduction reactions. The reduction of isobutyryl chloride has been performed successfully using biodiesel waste glycerol as the solvent system and solar irradiation as the heat source for the chemical reaction.
Jurassic raft tectonics in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Pilcher Robin S. , Murphy Ryan T. , McDonough Ciosek Jessica 
Published: October 2014

The northeastern Gulf of Mexico is dominated by the 900–1800-m Florida Escarpment, which forms the bathymetric expression of the Cretaceous carbonate shelf edge. Outboard of the escarpment lies a region of salt-detached raft blocks, which are closely analogous to type examples in the Kwanza Basin, Angola, in terms of structural style, scale, and amount of extension. We undertook the first detailed structural interpretation of an emerging petroleum exploration province. The rafts detached and translated basinward by gravity gliding on the autochthonous Louann salt in the late Jurassic to early Cretaceous. The Upper Jurassic source rock (lime mudstones) of the Smackover Formation and eolian sandstone reservoir intervals of the Norphlet Formation are structurally segmented and entirely contained within the raft blocks. The rafts are separated by salt ridges and/or extensional fault gaps containing expanded uppermost Jurassic and lower Cretaceous strata of the Cotton Valley Group. The main episode of rafting occurred after deposition of the Smackover and Haynesville Formations and broke the Jurassic carbonate platform into raft blocks 2–40 km in length, which were then translated 25–40 km basinward from their original position. Map-view restoration of the raft blocks suggested a minimum extension of 100%, with basinward transport directions indicating a radial divergence of rafts. In the north of the study area, the transport direction was westerly, whereas in the south, translation was southerly. This pattern, which mimics the Florida Escarpment, suggested that the morphology of the Jurassic slope controlled the style of gravitational tectonics and the location of subsequent Cretaceous carbonate buildups. As with other linked systems on mobile substrates, the observed extension and translation must be balanced by downdip contraction. In the case of the northeastern Gulf of Mexico, the contraction is largely cryptic, being accommodated by salt evacuation, compression of salt walls/stocks, and possibly open-toed canopy advance.
O roli estetyki w historii późnego antyku, czyli Moniki Ożóg opisanie polityki religijnej Teoderyka Wielkiego, rec. książki: Monika Ożóg, Inter Duas Potestates. Polityka religijna Teoderyka Wielkiego, Wydawnictwo WAM, Kraków 2012, 314 s
Authors: Spychała Dariusz 
Published: October 2014

Recenzja książki: Monika Ożóg, Inter Duas Potestates. Polityka religijna Teoderyka Wielkiego, Wydawnictwo WAM, Kraków 2012, 314 s.
O Celtach...
Authors: Ciesielski Mariusz 
Published: October 2014

Recenzja książki: Kalisia–Keltoi. Materiały z I Kaliskiej Sesji Starożytniczej, Kalisz 12 czerwca 2012 r., pod red. L. Tomczaka i D. Waszaka, Wydawnictwo Napoleon V, Kalisz–Oświęcim 2013, 98 s., z ilustracjami i mapami
One year B-vitamins increases serum and whole blood folate forms and lowers plasma homocysteine in older Germans
Authors: Kirsch Susanne H. , Herrmann Wolfgang , Kruse Vera , Eckert Rudolf , Gräber Stefan , Geisel Jürgen , Obeid Rima 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWe aimed to study the effect of long-term supplementation of B-vitamins on folate forms in serum and whole blood (WB) in elderly German subjects.59 participants (mean age 67 years) were randomized to daily receive either vitamin DB-vitamins supplementation for 6 months led to higher concentrations of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-methylTHF) in serum (mean 49.1 vs. 19.6 nmol/L) and WB (1332 vs. 616 nmol/L). Also non-methyl-folate concentrations in serum and WB were higher after 6 months with B-vitamins supplementation. Unmetabolized folic acid (UFA) increased after supplementation. tHcy concentration was lowered after 1 year of B-vitamin supplementation (mean 13.1 vs. 9.6 μmol/L). A stronger reduction of tHcy after 1 year was found in participants who had baseline level >12.5 μmol/L (mean 17.0 vs. 11.9 μmol/L) compared to those with baseline tHcy lower than this limit (mean 9.1 vs. 7.4 μmol/L). In contrast, the increases in serum and WB 5-methylTHF were comparable between the two groups.One year B-vitamins supplementation increased the levels of 5-methylTHF and non-methyl-folate in serum and WB, normalized tHcy, but caused an increase in the number of cases with detectable UFA in serum. Lowering of tHcy was predicted by baseline tHcy, but not by baseline serum or WB 5-methylTHF.
An approach to establish the uncertainty budget of catalytic activity concentration measurements in a reference laboratory
Authors: Rami Laura , Canalias Francesca 
Published: October 2014

AbstractReference laboratories providing reference services recognized by the Joint Committee for Traceability in Laboratory Medicine (JCTLM) must be accredited as calibration laboratories according to ISO 17025 and ISO 15195. These standards require laboratories to establish an uncertainty budget, in which the uncertainty contributions of the relevant uncertainty components are specified. We present a model to estimate the measurement uncertainty of creatine kinase catalytic activity concentration results obtained by IFCC primary reference measurement procedure.The measurement uncertainty has been estimated by following the next steps: 1) specification of the measurand; 2) identification of the most relevant uncertainty sources; 3) estimation of standard uncertainties by either type A or type B evaluation; 4) estimation of combined uncertainty while taking into account sensitivity coefficients, as well as existence of correlated uncertainty sources; and 5) estimation of expanded uncertainty with a defined coverage probability.The estimated expanded uncertainty was 2.2% (The present model is an approach to establish the uncertainty budget of primary reference procedures for the measurement of the catalytic activity concentration of enzymes, and aims at being an example to be followed by other reference laboratories, as well as by laboratories that carry out primary reference measurement procedures.
High-sensitivity cardiac troponin I in the general population – defining reference populations for the determination of the 99th percentile in the Gutenberg Health Study
Authors: Zeller Tanja , Ojeda Francisco , Brunner Fabian J. , Peitsmeyer Philipp , Münzel Thomas , Binder Harald , Pfeiffer Norbert , Michal Matthias , Wild Philipp S. , Blankenberg Stefan , Lackner Karl J. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe 99th percentile of cardiac troponin levels, determined in a reference population, is accepted as threshold for diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, there is no common consensus of how to define the reference population. The aim of the present study was to determine 99th percentile reference values, determined by a high-sensitivity assay (hsTnI), according to different health status and cardiovascular risk factor prevalence in a large population-based sample.Troponin I was determined using the Abbott ARCHITECT STAT highly sensitive troponin I immunoassay in 4138 participants of the Gutenberg Health Study.hsTnI was detectable in 81.6% of all individuals. The 99th percentile of the overall population was 27 ng/L. Age and gender had a prominent influence on these values. Exclusion of individuals with elevated natriuretic peptide levels or cardiac abnormalities resulted in lower 99th percentile values, whereas exclusion of individuals with an impaired estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) or with prevalent coronary artery disease/myocardial infarction (CAD/MI) did not result in a meaningful change.Troponin I, measured by a high-sensitivity assay, can be reliably detected in the vast majority of the general population. hsTnI values were dependent on age, gender as well as structural and functional cardiac abnormalities.
Seed Yield and Quality of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) as Influenced by Staggered Sowing and Organic Fertilizer Application in the Humid Tropics
Authors: Oshundiya F.O. , Olowe V.I.O. , Sowemimo F.A. , Odedina J.N. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractTwo field experiments were conducted on the Teaching and Research Farm of the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta (7° 15′ N, 3° 25′ E, altitude 140 m above sea level) in south western Nigeria between June and November,
Defining and Distinguishing Homeland from National Security and Climate-Related Environmental Security, in Theory and Practice
Authors: O’Sullivan Terrence M. , Ramsay Jim 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe worsening effects of human-caused climate change, as well as issues most American view as “homeland security” (HS) can be seen in the news almost every day. Yet most in the general public and even many in security-related fields do not connect the two arenas, even though climate change, and interrelated resource competition and conflicts that together make up the growing field of environmental security (ES), are increasingly important risk and response variables for homeland security and emergency management. Current climate change effects are already destructive and volatile, but the future projected impacts are likely to be severe and costly to the economic, political, and social health of many nations as well as to a large proportion of the world’s population. The focus of this paper is to describe and connect the evolving concepts of environmental security, homeland security, and national security (NS). Definitions and missions for each concept are discussed, consistent with current, even if contested, practice and theory. Better comparative analysis of these unique but intimately connected realms will help advance the development of more comprehensive and sustainable security policy and strategy.
Researching multilingualism and superdiversity: Grassroots actions and responsibilities
Authors: Wei Li 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe articles in this thematic issue document studies of grassroots actions in promoting multilingualism across different sectors of society as well as in different social and professional domains. In doing so, the contributors raise issues of the relevance of the notion of community in the age of superdiversity and the researcher’s responsibility in researching multilingualism and superdiversity. Questions are asked as to whether empowerment and social change should be the ultimate goal of community-based research, and how applied linguistics research could impact on policy and practice. This introduction discusses the two related issues – the relevance of the notion of community in superdiversity, and the researcher’s responsibility.
Negotiating networks of communication in a superdiverse environment: Urban multilingualism in the City of Southampton
Authors: Cadier Linda , Mar-Molinero Clare 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis article explores the impact of superdiversity on linguistic practices in Southampton, UK. Our focus seeks to identify what these practices are in an environment that we describe as superdiverse, and what is influencing, determining, shaping and contributing to these practices. Southampton is characterised by twenty-first century social mobilities typical of a port city, with a workforce that consists both of those who have settled here for decades, as well as others who are part of the European “new” migration, or who belong to the large international university student population. Our findings arise from a series of linked studies exploring social and linguistic cohesion in Southampton. These provide us with data on the negotiations implicit in the networks that structure urban multilingualism, and allow us to focus above all on examining the impact of our research on the language sensitisation of these communities. We explore the workplaces in a range of sites (public and private, large and small), comprising many nationalities, ethnicities and languages, and representing microcosms of complex, social hierarchies. Our approach is a grassroots, participatory one, seeking to involve our informants with our findings and sharing our analyses and recommendations.
Revisiting discourses of language, identity and community in a transnational context through a commemorative book project
Authors: Lytra Vally 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIn this article, I present and discuss a commemorative book project to mark the fortieth anniversary of the Greek School of Lausanne. I examine the continuities and discontinuities of the notions of language, identity and community as these were represented through the voices of former Greek state officials, teachers and pupils. I take a long view, combining archival material with interviews and written accounts spanning the first twenty years of the establishment and development of the school. Finally, I tentatively reflect on how the book project might have impacted on the Greek community of Lausanne and its school in a period of transition.
A multilingual learning community: Researching funds of knowledge with children, families and teachers
Authors: Conteh Jean , Riasat Saiqa 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis article describes the learning which takes place between children, teachers and parents in a multilingual learning community. It centres on a community-based, supplementary/complementary Saturday class where – slightly differently from the usual pattern – the aim is not heritage language maintenance as such, but to enhance the pupils’ mainstream school learning and their chances for success by promoting a “bilingual pedagogy”. This recognises the funds of knowledge that the children bring to their learning and affords opportunities for them to use their home languages in their learning. The article is based on findings from ethnographic case study research, which traces the experiences of language and learning in the home, complementary class and mainstream school of twelve children who have attended the class regularly for at least a year, and often more. In order to illuminate the scope of the data as well as the tensions entailed from different perspectives, the article foregrounds the individual voices of participants in the research. The theoretical frameworks related to language and learning that explain the findings include ecological perspectives, funds of knowledge and the dimensions of time across the generations. The key argument of the article is that the multilingual learning community has grown from and links with the history of the community as a whole. The article ends with some conclusions in relation to mainstream education and implications for the future.
What is a good conductor for metamaterials or plasmonics
Authors: Soukoulis Costas M. , Koschny Thomas , Tassin Philippe , Shen Nian-Hai , Dastmalchi Babak 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWe review conducting materials like metals, conducting oxides and graphene for
nanophotonic applications. We emphasize that metamaterials and plasmonic systems
benefit from different conducting materials. Resonant metamaterials need
conductors with small resistivity, since dissipative loss in resonant
metamaterials is proportional to the real part of the resistivity of the
conducting medium it contains. For plasmonic systems, one must determine the
propagation length at a desired level of confinement to estimate the dissipative
loss.
Interfacial polycondensation method used in the synthesis of polymers containing phosphorus in the main chain
Authors: Iliescu Smaranda , Ilia Gheorghe , Popa Adriana , Plesu Nicoleta , Macarie Lavinia , Davidescu Corneliu M. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Polyphosphoesters gained importance especially due to their use as flame retardants and as biocompatible and biodegradable materials for medicine and in the pharmaceutical industry. This paper presents the results obtained by our research group in the synthesis of polyphosphoesters by interfacial polycondensation. This reaction is rapid and irreversible polymerization at the interface between a phase containing one difunctional intermediate and another phase containing a complementary difunctional reactant. Different methods like liquid–liquid, vapor–liquid or solid<uni-2013;liquid were used in the synthesis of polyphosphates of polyphosphonates using aliphatic/aromatic phosphoric/phosphonic dichlorides and different diols. Aqueous NaOH, or tripotasium phosphate were used as bases. In almost all cases a catalyst is not needed.
Actinide oxalate complexes formation as a function of temperature by capillary electrophoresis coupled with inductively coupled plasma
mass spectrometry
Authors: Brunel Benoit , Philippini Violaine , Mendes Mickaël , Aupiais Jean 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Complexation of various actinides (U(VI), Np(V), Pu(V), Am(III)) by oxalato ligand was studied by capillary electrophoresis (ICPMS
detection) in 0.1 mol L
–1 NaClO4 ionic strength solutions at various temperatures (15, 25, 35, 45 and
55 ℃). For each solution a unique peak was observed as a result of a fast equilibrium between the free ions and the
complexes (labile systems). The results confirmed the formation of the 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3 complexes for U(VI) and Am(III); the
formation of the 1:1 and 1:2 complexes for Np(V) and the formation of only 1 complex for Pu(V). For each complex, the thermodynamic
parameters (the Gibbs energy Δ
r
G(T), the molar entropy change Δ
r
S(T) and the molar enthalpy
change Δ
r
H(T
0)) were fitted to the experimental data. The effect of the ionic medium was treated using
the specific ion interaction theory and the thermodynamic parameters at zero ionic strength were compared to previously published data.