bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does an instrumented treadmill correctly measure the ground reaction forces?
Authors: Willems Patrick A. , Gosseye Thierry P. 
Published: November 2013

Summary
Since the 1990s, treadmills have been equipped with multi-axis force transducers to measure the three components of the ground reaction forces during walking and running. These measurements are correctly performed if the whole treadmill (including the motor) is mounted on the transducers. In this case, the acceleration of the treadmill centre of mass relative to the reference frame of the laboratory is nil. The external forces exerted on one side of the treadmill are thus equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the external forces exerted on the other side. However, uncertainty exists about the accuracy of these measures: due to friction between the belt and the tread-surface, due to the motor pulling the belt, some believe that it is not possible to correctly measure the horizontal components of the forces exerted by the feet on the belt. Here, we propose a simple model of an instrumented treadmill and we demonstrate (1) that the forces exerted by the subject moving on the upper part of the treadmill are accurately transmitted to the transducers placed under it and (2) that all internal forces – including friction – between the parts of the treadmill are cancelling each other.
Characterization of the male ApcMin/+ mouse as a hypogonadism model related to cancer cachexia
Authors: White James P. , Puppa Melissa J. , Narsale Aditi , Carson James A. 
Published: November 2013

Summary
Cancer cachexia, the unintentional loss of lean body mass, is associated with decreased quality of life and poor patient survival. Hypogonadism, involving a reduction in circulating testosterone, is associated with the cachectic condition. At this time there is a very limited understanding of the role of hypogonadism in cancer cachexia progression. This gap in our knowledge is related to a lack of functional hypogonadal models associated with cancer cachexia. The ApcMin/+ mouse is an established colorectal cancer model that develops an IL-6 dependent cachexia which is physiologically related to human disease due to the gradual progression of tumor development and cachexia. The purpose of this study was to assess the utility of the ApcMin/+ mouse for the examination of hypogonadism during cancer cachexia and to investigate if IL-6 has a role in this process. We report that ApcMin/+ mice that are weight stable have comparable testosterone levels and gonad size compared to wild type mice. Cachectic ApcMin/+ mice exhibit a reduction in circulating testosterone and gonad size, which has a significant association with the degree of muscle mass and functional strength loss. Circulating testosterone levels were also significantly associated with the suppression of myofibrillar protein synthesis. Skeletal muscle and testes androgen receptor expression were decreased with severe cachexia. Although testes STAT3 phosphorylation increased with severe cachexia, systemic IL-6 over-expression for 2 weeks was not sufficient to reduce either testes weight or circulating testosterone. Inhibition of systemic IL-6 signaling by an IL-6 receptor antibody to ApcMin/+ mice that had already initiated weight loss was sufficient to attenuate a reduction in testes size and circulating testosterone. In summary, the ApcMin/+ mouse becomes hypogonadal with the progression of cachexia severity and elevated circulating IL-6 levels may have a role in the development of hypogonadism during cancer cachexia.
Comparison of TALEN scaffolds in Xenopus tropicalis
Authors: Nakajima Keisuke , Yaoita Yoshio 
Published: November 2013

Summary
Transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) are facile and potent tools used to modify a gene of interest for targeted gene knockout. TALENs consist of an N-terminal domain, a DNA-binding domain, and a C-terminal domain, which are derived from a transcription activator-like effector, and the non-specific nuclease domain of FokI. Using Xenopus tropicalis (X. tropicalis), we compared the toxicities and somatic mutation activities of four TALEN architectures in a side-by-side manner: a basic TALEN, a scaffold with the same truncated N- and C-terminal domains as GoldyTALEN, a scaffold with the truncated N- and C-terminal domains and an obligate heterodimeric nuclease domain, and a scaffold with the truncated N- and C-terminal domains and an obligate heterodimeric Sharkey nuclease domain. The strongest phenotype and targeted somatic gene mutation were induced by the injection of TALEN mRNAs containing the truncated N- and C-terminal domains and an obligate heterodimeric nuclease domain. The obligate heterodimeric TALENs exhibited reduced toxicity compared to the homodimeric TALENs, and the homodimeric GoldyTALEN-type scaffold showed both a high activity of somatic gene modification and high toxicity. The Sharkey mutation in the heterodimeric nuclease domain reduced the TALEN-mediated somatic mutagenesis.
Mechanisms of palmitate-induced cell death in human osteoblasts
Authors: Gunaratnam Krishanthi , Vidal Christopher , Boadle Ross , Thekkedam Chris , Duque Gustavo 
Published: November 2013

Summary
Lipotoxicity is an overload of lipids in non-adipose tissues that affects function and induces cell death. Lipotoxicity has been demonstrated in bone cells in vitro using osteoblasts and adipocytes in coculture. In this condition, lipotoxicity was induced by high levels of saturated fatty acids (mostly palmitate) secreted by cultured adipocytes acting in a paracrine manner. In the present study, we aimed to identify the underlying mechanisms of lipotoxicity in human osteoblasts. Palmitate induced autophagy in cultured osteoblasts, which was preceded by the activation of autophagosomes that surround palmitate droplets. Palmitate also induced apoptosis though the activation of the Fas/Jun kinase (JNK) apoptotic pathway. In addition, osteoblasts could be protected from lipotoxicity by inhibiting autophagy with the phosphoinositide kinase inhibitor 3-methyladenine or by inhibiting apoptosis with the JNK inhibitor SP600125. In summary, we have identified two major molecular mechanisms of lipotoxicity in osteoblasts and in doing so we have identified a new potential therapeutic approach to prevent osteoblast dysfunction and death, which are common features of age-related bone loss and osteoporosis.
Comparative visual ecophysiology of mid-Atlantic temperate reef fishes
Authors: Horodysky Andrij Z. , Brill Richard W. , Crawford Kendyl C. , Seagroves Elizabeth S. , Johnson Andrea K. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryThe absolute light sensitivities, temporal properties, and spectral sensitivities of the visual systems of three mid-Atlantic temperate reef fishes (Atlantic spadefish [Ephippidae: Chaetodipterus faber], tautog [Labridae: Tautoga onitis], and black sea bass [Serranidae: Centropristis striata]) were studied via electroretinography (ERG). Pelagic Atlantic spadefish exhibited higher temporal resolution but a narrower dynamic range than the two more demersal foragers. The higher luminous sensitivities of tautog and black sea bass were similar to other benthic and demersal coastal mid-Atlantic fishes. Flicker fusion frequency experiments revealed significant interspecific differences at maximum intensities that correlated with lifestyle and habitat. Spectral responses of the three species spanned 400–610 nm, with high likelihood of cone dichromacy providing the basis for color and contrast discrimination. Significant day-night differences in spectral responses were evident in spadefish and black sea bass but not tautog, a labrid with characteristic structure-associated nocturnal torpor. Atlantic spadefish responded to a wider range of wavelengths than did deeper-dwelling tautog or black sea bass. Collectively, these results suggest that temperate reef-associated fishes are well-adapted to their gradient of brighter to dimmer photoclimates, representative of their unique ecologies and life histories. Continuing anthropogenic degradation of water quality in coastal environments, at a pace faster than the evolution of visual systems, may however impede visual foraging and reproductive signaling in temperate reef fishes.
Beyond the creative industries
Authors: MacDonald Stuart 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Although Creative Industries as engines of post-industrial economies have assumed an increasing global priority with implications for art education at all levels few studies exist. Nomenclature here is contested, especially when arts’ role appears freighted with alien concepts of industry and commerce. But much of this debate concerns visual and performing arts, only part of a larger cluster comprising, amongst others, architecture, design, fashion and games. And, Creative Industries are now seen as important socially as economically. This article takes classification as least problematic, concentrating instead on people working in the Creative Industries (largely in Glasgow and Scotland), their interactions and networking within a creative ecology, and real-world interactions with education. It presents examples of collaboration, co-creativity and co-design, and cross-disciplinarity, arguing for a strategic role for design and design thinking linked to social and economic innovation, where educational gains are prime, and revisiting earlier debates about postmodern art education.
UK artists competing against despotic nations? The muddle of enlisting artists to develop a creative workforce
Authors: Denmead Tyler 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The Robinson Report in the late 1990s argued that the structure and delivery of schools needed to be updated for the United Kingdom to remain competitive economically. The argument assumes that the United Kingdom needed to develop a workforce adept at working in the creative industries to drive economic growth. Required capabilities include generating and delivering intellectual property, symbolic meaning and other goods and services in unprecedented ways. UK education policy from 1997 to 2010 enlisted so-called creative practitioners – workers in the creative industries that include artists, musicians, and performers – to foster creative practices in schools and contribute to their structural change. But this economic rationale and its policy implications for arts education have not been examined in great detail. I argue in this article that the ambiguities and contradictions of creative industries policy rhetoric and its implementation obscure and mitigate artists, musicians and performers’ pedagogies.
What creative industries? Instrumentalism, autonomy and the education of artists
Authors: Baldacchino John 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
As the narrative of the Creative Industries becomes commonplace, arts institutions are increasingly expected to interface arts practice with business and enterprise. This article opens with a critique of the CBI’s document ‘First Steps’ (2012), arguing how this minimizes the arts’ role in schools. It then provides an analysis of two pedagogies: productivism and autonomism. Following the implications that emerge from the tension between productivism and autonomism in arts pedagogy, and reading these implications from within the contexts of the divergent and increasingly hybrid forms of contemporary art practices, this article then moves on to state that to argue for the legitimation of the arts by gathering what they do under the designation of the Creative Industries would amount to reifying art into an object of mere use, thus distorting both its productive and autonomist possibilities.
Illuminating creativity with cultural engagement: Colour inspiration in cooperative learning through reflective action
Authors: Chang Tsen-Yao 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Colour plays an important role in the physical and aesthetic learning environment. A major element in basic design training, colour affects student performance and creativity. Cultural colours, closely connected with stories from time immemorial, are topics that inspire student creativity. As instructor and researcher, I based this study on action research and used in-class, cooperative learning to engage colours and their corresponding stories in unique cultures with freshman students from the Department of Creative Design of National Yunlin University of Science and Technology. Two teaching formats – traditional and creative – were used to understand the difference between active and passive learning and to determine whether colour could be applied within a cultural context. The investigation suggests that introducing cultural issues in colour studies develops both aesthetic and cultural awareness, and creative activities help students apply colours to their lives and future creations.
色彩於實際生活和美感學習環境裡扮演著重要的角色。在基礎設計訓練裡，色彩是可直接影響學生的表現力和創造力的主要元素。特別是文化色彩的獨 特故事脈絡，更可激發學生的創造能力。本研究者即課程教師，嘗試以行動研究為理論基礎，鼓勵國立雲林科技 大學創意生活設計系大一學生，透過課堂上團體分組的合作學習方式，了解 色彩並詮釋色彩所連結的獨特文化故事為創作課題。此課程進行方式結合了 兩個教學形式—傳統和創新—目的是為了瞭解學生的主動和被動學習之間的差 異性，和探究色彩若結合文化議題可否提升學習狀態。本研究發現，當文化 議題導入色彩創意教學，可以引發學生的審美能力和自我文化意識培養；並 且，此創意教學活動成果反應學生配色能力提升，可以務實地應用於實際生 活和未來創作中。
Portfolio as a topological tool to define a professional profile in the area of creative industries
Authors: Passarinho Aldo Serra , de Sousa Ana Velhinho , Nunes Tiago Caldas , Silva Viviane 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The main goal of this visual essay is to explore visual data mapping and mining of an Art and Media B.A. Portfolio as means to define a professional profile in the creative industries.
As artists, researchers and teachers with a multidisciplinary background, we intend to focus our research in art-based methodologies that allow us to explore dialogical and processual methods to envision and improve our art practice and teaching as reflective practitioners. A/r/t/ography was identified as a valuable methodology for this purpose. Furthermore, Portfolio was also identified as an insightful tool to map topographic and topological paths within the B.A. curriculum.
Through a visual thinking process we explored and discussed several means of representation translated in this visual essay. This experimental framework will allows us to proceed with the professional profile definition informed by the outcomes obtained through visual mapping of the B.A. Portfolio.
A presente investigação pretende, através da aplicação de metodologias baseadas nas artes, mapear o Portefólio artístico de um curso de Licenciatura e afirmá-lo como instrumento pedagógico que permita clarificar o perfil profissional associado ao mesmo.
Enquanto artistas, investigadores e professores, com formação multidisciplinar, foi fundamental a utilização de uma metodologia que permitisse a confluência das diferentes dimensões da nossa atividade. Nesse sentido, a A/r/tografia permitiu aproximar a prática e pensamento criativo na ótica da formação orientada para a profissionalização, através da clarificação do espaço multidimensional que define o Portefólio artístico do curso.
Este ensaio visual traduz o processo dialógico de reflexão sobre a orgânica funcional do curriculum do curso, justaposta à exploração do pensamento visual, intertextualidade e diferentes técnicas de representação. O espaço epistemológico, definido pelo Portefólio e Perfil Profissional em elaboração, assume-se intencionalmente como instrumento de estudo, cuja forma emerge de acordo com as premissas em análise.
Obesity and hotel staffing: Are hotels guilty of ‘lookism’?
Authors: Harris Candice , Small Jennie 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The idea that workers embody the brand is placing increasing emphasis on the personal attributes of employees. The drive towards aesthetic labour, which focuses on ‘particular embodied capacities and attributes that appeal to the senses of customers’, has the potential for a form of discrimination based on appearance, ‘lookism’. This article sought to examine the ‘face of’ 28 major hotels in Sydney through their online promotional videos, with particular reference to the perceived body size of employees. In total, there were 112 images of hotel staff, primarily in front-of-house roles. The images were overwhelmingly of slim to average sized workers. The few who were judged as slightly larger than the norm were older men in the role of doorman, exemplifying the portly, British gentleman in top hat and tails at a four to five star hotel. The question arises: are Sydney hotels employing only slim/average sized staff or are they presenting only these staff as the ‘face of’ the hotel? Whatever the answer, the message portrayed to guests and labour markets remains the same: the brand values slimness. Such practice could be interpreted as a form of weight prejudice and discrimination.
Contested image and identity: Historical antecedents of functions, behaviour and action in spa accommodation
Authors: Cameron Ann , Cave Jenny 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Are today’s socially defined limits to function, behaviour and action, historically contested in places where locals and visitors meet and socialize, such as hotels and boarding houses? In this article, critical realism is used to frame an archival search for the antecedents of contested issues of image and identity in the hospitality industry. Findings from the accommodation sector in two spa towns in colonial New Zealand (1880–1920) identify the presence of issues that are still contested today, for example: behaviours such as social display; ambiguous roles for women and indigenous Maori; actions such as the consumption and regulation of alcohol; and the functions of accommodation, food and beverage, entertainment and commercial services. This article fills a gap in the academic literature regarding the use of historical analysis in hospitality and the identification of long running contestations of image and identity in the industry that should be addressed in the contemporary world.
Breaking with the law of hospitality? The emergence of illegal aliens in Europe vis-à-vis Derrida’s deconstruction of the conditions of welcome
Authors: Oberprantacher Andreas 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
In two seminars published under the title De l’hospitalité/Of Hospitality (J. Derrida [1997] 2000) and in other writings too, Jacques Derrida invites his readers to consider some differences between ‘conditional hospitality’, that is ‘the right to or pact of hospitality’ on the one hand and ‘the absolute or unconditional hospitality’ on the other. By emphasizing the incommensurability between the two in antinomic terms, Derrida has indeed questioned established practices of welcoming foreigners while insisting on a sense of hospitality that is not bound by and to its immediate legalisation. The following article will attempt to trace the limits of Derrida’s deconstruction of the conditions of welcome by arguing that for those estimated millions of people who are commonly dismissed as illegal aliens in liberal democratic states, such as in Europe, to ‘break with hospitality in the ordinary sense’ is not just a hyperbolic ethical imperative – it also feels like a bleak verdict. Otherwise said, what is the potential use value of Derrida’s thinking of a transgressive hospitality given the evidence that far too many are actually living in extremely inhospitable situations in European liberal democratic states without being able to rely on a bare minimum of legal standards?
Reviews
Authors: Daye Marcella , Quinn Bernadette , Carr Neil 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Behind the Smile: The Working Lives of Caribbean Tourism, 2nd ed., George Gmelch (2012) Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, xvi + 256 pp., ISBN: 9780253001238, p/bk, £15.99/$24.00
Children’s and Families’ Holiday Experiences, Neil Carr (2011) Abingdon: Routledge, 216 pp., ISBN: 9780415545433, h/bk, £90
Family Tourism: Multidisciplinary Perspectives, Heike Schanzel, Ian Yeoman and Elisa Backer (eds) (2012) Bristol: Channel View Publications, 199 pp., ISBN: 9781845413262, p/bk, £29.95
Darker still: Present-day slavery in hospitality and tourism services
Authors: Robinson Richard N. S. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
This conceptual article is a piece of advocacy scholarship. Its objective is to draw the academy’s attention to the hospitality (and tourism) industries’ relationship with present-day slavery and human trafficking. While present-day slavery has been examined in the context of dark tourism, and also via the sex tourism industry, this article appropriates C. Lashley and A. Morrison’s three domain conceptualization of hospitality to argue that the labour requirements of hospitality services account for an alarming proportion of the world’s estimated human bondage population. Moreover, after J. Derrida, this article considers how the delivery of hospitality by slaves implodes a ‘knowing of hospitality’. These insights provide context for future humanistic and theoretical hospitality research agendas.
Dual Phosphorylation of Cdk1 Coordinates Cell Proliferation with Key Developmental Processes in Drosophila
Authors: Ayeni Joseph O , Varadarajan Ramya , Mukherjee Oindrila , Stuart David T , Sprenger Frank , Srayko Martin , Campbell Shelagh D 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Eukaryotic organisms use conserved checkpoint mechanisms that regulate Cdk1 by inhibitory phosphorylation to prevent mitosis from interfering with DNA replication or repair. In metazoans, this checkpoint mechanism is also used for coordinating mitosis with dynamic developmental processes. Inhibitory phosphorylation of Cdk1 is catalyzed by Wee1 kinases that phosphorylate tyrosine 15 (Y15) and dual-specificity Myt1 kinases found only in metazoans that phosphorylate Y15 and the adjacent threonine (T14) residue. Despite partially redundant roles in Cdk1 inhibitory phosphorylation, Wee1 and Myt1 serve specialized developmental functions that are not well understood. Here, we expressed wild-type and phospho-acceptor mutant Cdk1 proteins to investigate how biochemical differences in Cdk1 inhibitory phosphorylation influence Drosophila imaginal development. Phosphorylation of Cdk1 on Y15 appeared to be crucial for developmental and DNA damage-induced G2-phase checkpoint arrest, consistent with other evidence that Myt1 is the major Y15-directed Cdk1 inhibitory kinase at this stage of development. Expression of non-inhibitable Cdk1 also caused chromosome defects in larval neuroblasts that were not observed with Cdk1(Y15F) mutant proteins that were phosphorylated on T14, implicating Myt1 in a novel mechanism promoting genome stability. Collectively, these results suggest that dual inhibitory phosphorylation of Cdk1 by Myt1 serves at least two functions during development. Phosphorylation of Y15 is essential for the premitotic checkpoint mechanism, whereas T14 phosphorylation facilitates accumulation of dually inhibited Cdk1–Cyclin B complexes that can be rapidly activated once checkpoint-arrested G2-phase cells are ready for mitosis.