bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling the Hydrological Effects of a Levee Failure on the Lower Tisza River
Authors: Kiss Tímea , Fehérváry István , Fiala Károly 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Along the Lower Tisza River (Hungary) the water level of the floods reached new record stages in 1998 and 2006, resulting in 80 cm increase in the peak flood level since the “great flood of 1970”. Due to the gradual weakening of the levee-system caused by the several long-lasting floods, the question has arisen, that as in case of a levee breach or failure how would it modify the hydrological parameters of the river. The aim of the research is to create a hydrological model to analyse the effects (as stage reduction, slope and stream power) of two different levee breaches: one happening before the peak of the flood and another at the time of the flood level. The simulated levee breaching happened on the Tisza River at Mindszent, and the data-set of the 2006 flood was used for the modelling (at that time no levee failure happened in Hungary, and it was the greatest flood in history).
In the simulation the levee was broken at a point, where the channel is very close and intensively eroding, thus there is a real risk of a levee failure. If the levee would be broken a well defined area (reservoir) would be flooded, surrounded by the secondary levees and the rim of the high floodplain. During the simulation the HEC-RAS 4.1. ArcGIS 10.1 and HEC-GeoRAS software were applied.
The greatest changes in the hydrology of Tisza occurred in the cross section where the levee breached, though the effects propagated upstream and downstream too. Due to the water outflow from the Tisza the greatest stage reduction effect was 1.54±0.1 m. The slope conditions changed too, as it increased from 4 cm/km to 6.5 cm/km in the upstream reach, while downstream of the failure point it decreased from 3.5 cm/km to 1.9 cm/km. At the same time the stream power increased from 4 W/m to 5.5 W/m in the upstream section, while it decreased from 3.5 W/m to 1.5 W/m in the downstream reach. Comparing the results of the simulations at different stages (one at the highest stage and one at 1.0 m lower stage) it seems that the hydrological parameters did not change considerably (1%), though in a case of a levee failure at higher the reservoir reached the maximal water level sooner, though less water was stored in it, as the fall of the river was continuous
Reconstruction of sediment provenance and transport processes from the surface textures of quartz grains from Late Pleistocene sandurs and an ice-marginal valley in NW Poland
Authors: Woronko Barbara , Pisarska-Jamroży Małgorzata , Loon A.J. (Tom) van 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
During the Pomeranian phase of the Weichselian glaciation (~17-16 ka), the Toruń-Eberswalde ice-marginal valley (NW Poland and easternmost Germany) drained water from the Pomeranian ice sheet, while intensive aeolian processes took place across Europe in the foreland of the Scandinavian ice sheet (‘European Sand Belt’). The micromorphology of the quartz grains in the Toruń-Eberswalde ice-marginal valley shows no traces of these aeolian processes, or only vague signs of aeolian abrasion. This is unique among the aeolian sediments in other Pleistocene ice-marginal valleys in this part of Europe. The study of the surfaces of the quartz grains shows that the supply of grains by streams from the south was minimal, which must be ascribed to the climate deterioration during the Last Glacial Maximum, which resulted in a decrease of the discharge of these extraglacial rivers to the ice-marginal valley.
Fuzzy Pseudo Subalgebras and Ideals of Pseudo D-Algebras
Authors: Jun Young Bae , Ahn Sun Shin 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The fuzzification of pseudo subalgebras/ideals in d-algebras and pseudo BCK-ideals is discussed. Several properties are investigated. Relations between fuzzy pseudo BCK-ideals and fuzzy pseudo d-ideals are established. Conditions for a fuzzy set to be a fuzzy pseudo BCK-ideal are considered. Using the notion of fuzzy points, a general form of fuzzy pseudo d-subalgebras is introduced, and several properties including their characterizations are investigated.
Five Curious Congruences Modulo p2
Authors: Meštrović Romeo 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Let p ≥ 3 be a prime, and let qp(2) := (2P 1 - 1)/p be the Fermat quotient of p to base 2. In this note, we prove that

.
As an application, using two combinatorial identities due to T. B. Staver in 1947 and G. Galperin and H. Gauchman in 2004, we obtain four curious combinatorial congruences modulo p2. As an auxiliary result, here we present an elementary proof of a congruence established by E. Lehmer in 1938. Notice that this con­gruence together with some other congruences given in our lemmas leads to the elementary proof of a beautiful Morley’s congruence due to F. Morley in 1895.
On Properties of Entire Solutions of Difference Equations and Difference Polynomials
Authors: Qi Xiaoguang , Cao Yinhong , Liu Yong 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
In this paper, we consider the existence of entire solutions of certain type of non-linear difference equation of the form: f(z)n + p(z)f(z + c)m = q(z). We also consider value distribution problems of difference polynomials of entire functions such as f(z)n(f(z)−1)f(z +c) for n = 1, which is a supplement of previous results.
Global Dynamics of a Delayed n + m-Species Competition Predator-Prey System on Time Scales
Authors: Wang Dongshu 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
In this paper, we consider a delayed n + m-species competition predator-prey system on time scales with Holling III functional response and multiple exploited (or harvesting) terms. By using the continuation theorem based on Gaines and Mawhin’s coincidence degree theory, easily verifiable criteria are established for global existence of multiple positive periodic solutions for the above system.
Comparison Of (G′/G)-Methods for Finding Exact Solutions of the Drinfeld-Sokolov System
Authors: Daghan Durmus , Yildiz Ozlem , Toros Serkan 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Nonlinear Drinfeld-Sokolov system is studied analytically by using four different methods ((G′/G)-expansion, direct algebraic, different form of the (G′/G)-expansion methods, and direct integration) and the results are found numerically. New exact and numeric solutions are given and the comparison of the results obtained from these different methods, methods themselves and numerical results are discussed in detail. It is found that the (G′/G)-expansion and different form of the (G′/G)-expansion methods are really coincide and effective methods in the view of finding different solutions that cannot be obtained by using the direct integration for Drinfel-Sokolov system.
Classification of the Blaschke Isoparametric Hypersurfaces in Lorentzian Space Forms
Authors: Zhang Fengyun , Sun Huafei 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
In this paper, we study regular immersed hypersurfaces in Lorentzian space forms with a conformal metric, a conformal second fundamental form, the conformal Blaschke tensor and a conformal form, which are invariants under the conformal transformation group. We classify all the immersed hypersurfaces in Lorentzian space forms with two distinct constant Blaschke eigenvalues and vanishing conformal form.
Comparative Analysis of Selected Factors Affecting Heating Costs of Schools in Selected Balkan Countries
Authors: Koppitz David , Půček Milan , Ochrana František , Plaček Michal 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The paper aims to carry out a comparative analysis of heating of school facilities under the administration of municipalities in Macedonia, Moldova and Kosovo and to test the factors that affect the heating costs of school facilities. For a definition of the theoretical fundament parts of the theory of fiscal federalism are used. Subsequently five hypotheses are put forward that are verified using the method of benchmarking. The theoretical conclusions and recommendations may be used for a more effective implementation of public policies within the surveyed countries.
Biodegradation study of bio-corn flour filled low density polyethylene composites assessed by natural soil
Authors: Sahi Samira , Djidjelli Hocine , Boukerrou Amar 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
This paper illustrates the aim to introduce biodegradable vegetable filler in synthetic polymers to prepare novel biodegradable composites. Low density polyethylene/alkali treated corn flour (LDPE/ATCF) composites were prepared by reactive extrusion using a twin-screw extruder. The microstructure, thermal properties and tensile properties were evaluated and compared with virgin LDPE. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra showed a decrease in the hydrophilic nature of corn flour (CF) after alkali treatment. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs showed good dispersion between matrix and filler. The tensile and elongation at break decreased by increasing the filler content in the composites. However, the Young’s modulus increased with the increase in filler content. The biodegradation of composites was studied in the environment using the soil burial test for 6 months. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis showed an increase of the melting enthalpy (ΔHm) and crystallinity of LDPE with evidence of degradation. The biodegradability of the composites was enhanced with increasing ATCF content in the matrix. This result was supported by weight loss and degraded surface of composites observed through morphological studies. From the results, we conclude that the use of ATCF as filler in LDPE reduces pollution problems. This is advantageous for both the economy and the environment.
Hungarian Dimensions of Physical Activity Based on Studies at School Ages
Authors: Cselik Bence , Szmodis Márta , Szőts Gábor , Ács Pongrác 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
It is an old pursuit to find the balance between nature and society (within the individual and the sum of people). In order to talk about a healthy society, it is necessarry to have the people making up the society healthy too. The health condition of the individuals affects the society, creating a close connection amoing individuals and society. Health, mental and physical well-beings of members of society affects the economy, since a healthy workforce leads to developing economy, which hence can provide the requirements and conditions that ensure a mentally and physically healthy way of living for the society. Sport, everyday exercise, therefore regular training can also play an important social role, and can greatly contribute to social well-being. Decreased physical activity, sitting lifestyle are both specific traits of economically developed countres, and turns into a more and more threatening public health problem world-wide, which contribute to the development or aggravation of such chronic diseases and health damages, like morbid obesity, heart diseases, diabetes, hypertension, locomotor diseases, malignant tumors, depression. The topic of our research is related to mainly the subject of primary school healthcare programs. The measurements have been taken in 12 different educational institutions, which included primary, secondary, vocational schools, and a 6-grade school. The actuality of the topic is proven by the increased obesity appearing at more younger ages, and we intend to shed some light on the fact, that with a good healhcare strategy and short-term goals we can achieve positive results shortly on the fields of school healthcare.
Credibility and Accountability in Academic Discourse: Increasing the Awareness of Ghanaian Graduate Students
Authors: Adika Gordon S. K. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Drawing from a social constructionist perspective to written scholarly communication, this paper argues that training in academic writing for students in higher education especially in second language contexts should go beyond emphasis on grammatical correctness and paragraphing strategies, and also focus on the rhetorical character of academic discourse together with the mastery of its communicative protocols. Using the University of Ghana as a reference point, the paper reviews a selection of Ghanaian graduate students’ awareness of the protocols that govern academic discourses in scholarly writing, and in consideration of their unique educational and socio-cultural circumstances, the paper proposes strategies, from the pedagogical and institutional standpoints, aimed at increasing students’ awareness of the relevant communicative practices that engender credibility and accountability.
The Forced Sale of Real - Estate Property Aspects Regarding Procedure and Private International Law
Authors: Cret Daniela Cristina , Berlingher Remus Daniel 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Indirectly enforcement is regulated by the Code of Procedure, as a form of enforcement, seeks the recovery of the creditor’s claim through valorization of the debtor’s property or the seizure of income that it has to receive from a third party. Collection action on real estate as a form of indirect civil enforcement is made by the forced sale of immovable property belonging to the pursued debtor, so that the pursuing creditor would cover the claim. In this scientific approach we will examine the issues of pre-sale formalities, the sale and auctioning of real estate property and adjudicating the real-estate property in the regulation of the Code of Civil Procedure, which came into force in February 2013, as well as in the provisions of private international law incidental in the matter.
Governmental Liquidities Management 2008-2010
Authors: Andrei Laurentiu Dumitru , Vlad Cristina , Brezeanu Petre 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
This article opens a suite dedicated to State Treasury financial structure optimization. It further develops our previous excursus on State Treasury mechanism, operation policies and practice, alignment to EU regulations, and the influence of fiscal pressure on the EU states economies.
This article concentrates on risk prevention and containment of the possible impact. It further describes the financing policy that has been adopted. The following section describes the effects of the applied policies and practice, as well as the accessed financial package.
We have included a lessons learned section, to outline what we strongly believe should achieved for enriching the data sets and processing automation - these being instrumental to ensure the accuracy and relevance of the decision process and actions.
We finally project the main theme of the future articles and to outline the need of competitive central administration partner for the national business community - which is tightly and ever tighter connected to its global counterparties.
Standard-Setters Versus Big4 Opinion, Concerning Iasb Revision Project of the Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting. the Case of Presentation and Disclosures Chapter
Authors: Burca Valentin , Mates Dorel , Puscas Adriana 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
On the last decades the accounting system haven‘t been able to follow the dynamics of the economic systems generated by the globalization process. In order to reduce the lag between the demand of financial information and the offer of financial information, IASB has started numerous initiatives aiming the increase on the quality of the financial information. Among the current list of current IASB major projects there is also the project of revising the actual conceptual framework for financial reporting. This study is designed to give some directions that will be considered on the exposure draft of this project, analyzing the comment letters submitted by the members of ASAF and the Big4 as well. The study reveals the increasing importance the preparers and users give to the disclosures included on the notes to the primary financial statements. Moreover, on this study we emphasize several challenges that IASB has to face on issuing the exposure draft for this important project. Some of the main challenges refer to the narrow scope of the financial statements, the criteria used on classification, aggregation and offsetting, or the use of the materiality concept
A Simple, Rapid 125I Radioimmunoassay for the Detection of Barbiturates in Biological Fluids
Authors: Cleeland R , Davis R , Heveran J , Grunberg E 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
A radioimmunoassay using a 3H- or 125I-labeled morphine antigen has been shown to be of practical value for the rapid detection of nanogram amounts of morphine and morphine analogs in biological fluids [1–3]. A radioimmunoassay for detection of barbiturates by conjugation of a secobarbital derivative to protein was also developed utilizing 14C-labeled pentobarbital or barbital [4,5]. The present report describes our experiences with a practical radioimmunoassay for barbiturates employing a secobarbital derivative labeled with 125I, as the antigen.
Medical and Toxicological Aspects of the Watkins Glen Rock Concert
Authors: James SH , Calendrillo B , Schnoll SH 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe outdoor rock concert has been well established as an important feature in the life of young people both in this country and abroad. The frequent use of psychoactive chemicals at these large gatherings is to be anticipated, as shown by evaluations of such events in the past [1–3]. This phenomenon is concurrent with prevailing permissive attitudes of youth toward drug usage in our society. The evolution of the use of psychoactive drugs, especially the psychedelics, has been associated with the popularity of rock music.
Firearm Residue Detection by Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis
Authors: Rudzitis E , Wahlgren M 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The neutron activation technique for firearm residue detection [1] is well known but not extensively applied. Additional work utilizing an optimized firearm residue detection technique by neutron activation analysis (NAA) [2] it made it clear that postirradiation radiochemical separations are the cause of several limitations which discourage a more general use of neutron activation analysis. The inherent time limitation due to 87-min half-life of 139Ba necessitates fast manipulations of radioactive solutions, which in turn requires an experienced radiochemist. In addition, there is an ever-present danger of overexposure and contamination. Besides, typically only a dozen samples can be irradiated per batch, which makes the method quite expensive. The developed statistical treatment bivariate-normal analysis [3] is inconvenient for routine applications. With this in mind, a method was developed which: (1) eliminates postirradiation radiochemistry and thus maximizes time for analysis, (2) accommodates over 100 samples per irradiation capsule (rabbit); (3) does not require a collection of occupational hand blanks, and (4) utilizes a simplified statistical concept based on natural antimony (Sb) and barium (Ba) levels on hands for the interpretation of data [4].
A Portable Explosives Identification Kit for Field Use
Authors: Fisco W 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Throughout the years, field analysis of explosives has often been a subject of interest and previous work at Picatinny Arsenal has led to the development of field kits for the qualitative analysis of explosives. Because the methods described in reports [1,2] utilize wet chemical reactions, they are not readily portable because of the bulky nature of the reagents involved. Furthermore, interpretation of the color reactions involved requires, in the least ambiguous cases, a degree of technical competence not readily acquired by personnel conducting field analyses. When sample specimens are limited in quantity, the application of a destructive method of identification may preclude the conducting of required specific identifications. Although Jenkins and Yallop [3] and Hansson [4] used conventional thin-layer chromatography (TLC) to generate useful chromatographic information, the method was, nevertheless, destructive by the application of visualization sprays resulting in color reactions.
Is the Insanity Defense “Unconscionable”?
Authors: Perr IN 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Over the years, much criticism has been directed at the concept of the insanity defense, which at its root reflected the traditional feeling that public policy is not served by imposing blame on those not responsible for their behavior. Though this principle has achieved a global recognition, it has reached its height in the Anglo-Saxon world of demons and devils, which is dominated by its early religious origins and the Augustinian concept of free will. Yet increasingly we have slowly become aware of other issues; for example, the rigid concept of responsibility and its corollary, nonresponsibility, have at various times been utilized to deprive various groups of power and participation in society. Traditionally, one group of disabled and legally incompetent who must be both protected and kept powerless consisted of the unholy triumvirate of the insane, children, and women.
The Determination of Polydimethylsiloxane (Silicone Oil) in Biological Materials: A Case Report
Authors: Solomons ET , Jones JK 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Silicones, synthetic organosilicon oxide polymers, are classified as fluids, rubbers, resins, and compounds. In addition to many industrial applications, the fluids (or oils) have widespread use in the formulation of cosmetic and pharmaceutical preparations.
A Photoluminescence Technique for Detection of Gunshot Residue
Authors: Jones PF , Nesbitt RS 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWhen a suspect has been apprehended following a shooting, detection of gunshot residue on his hands may provide significant evidence in the investigation. The determination of the firing distance (distance from weapon to target) by the distribution of gunshot residue around a bullet hole is also useful in various gunshot investigations. We describe here the results of a preliminary study of the application of photoluminescence techniques to gunshot residue detection. The key objective in this study was to develop a rapid, reliable, and convenient method of detection for use in the crime laboratory.
Tool Marks in Bones and Cartilage
Authors: Bonte W 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Tool mark examinations hold an eminent place in criminal routine work. Since the fundamental treatises of Kockel [1–3], the examination technique has continually been improved and extended to numerous methods of criminal investigation. Thomas [4] has given a fascinating survey of this development and has listed a series of notable authors. Further important publications are those by Mezger et al [5], Burd and Kirk [6], Burd and Greene [7–9], Flynn [10], Biasotti [11], Burd and Gilmore [12], Rees and Cundy [13], and, in German publications, by Mezger et al [14,15], Nippe [16], Specht [17,18], Bessemans [19], Angermayer et al [20], Winkler [21], Katona [22], and Hantsche and Schwarz [23].
Blood and Semen Stains on Outer Clothing and Shoes not Related to Crime: Report of a Survey Using Presumptive Tests
Authors: Owen GW , Smalldon KW 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
In many crimes blood and semen stains play an important part in the conclusions that a forensic scientist will present in court as evidence. There is, however, an absence of data relating to the frequency of occurrence of blood and semen stains on clothing unrelated to crime. This was discussed by Tryhorn [1], who said: One need only consider the frequency with which evidence regarding blood and semen stains is produced in court, to realise the need for data relating to the relative frequency of occurrence of such stains on garments in no wise related to crimes; for example, on one hundred garments chosen at random from miscellaneous sources, how many would show blood stains, how many semen stains? Questions such as these must arise in court, and answers based on experimental investigation would prove of considerable value in assessing evidence of this type.