bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinetic Study for Platinum Extraction from Spent Catalyst in Cyanide Solution at High Temperatures
Authors: Naghavi Z. , Ghoreishi S.M. , Rahimi A. , Hadadzadeh H. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
In this research, the kinetics of platinum extraction from a selective linear paraffin dehydrogenation spent catalyst in cyanide solutions at high pressure and temperature was experimentally studied. Three variables, including reaction temperature, initial sodium cyanide concentration in solution and liquid to solid weight ratio were investigated. Based on the design of experiments via response surface methodology (RSM) by computer simulating software “Minitab 16”, experiments were carried out at operating conditions including five solution temperatures, five initial concentrations of cyanide solution and five liquid/solid weight ratios. The effects of these operating conditions on the reaction kinetics and extraction time were determined. The obtained kinetics data were fitted into an empirical power–law rate equation. The kinetics model parameters were evaluated by using experimental data via non-linear regression analysis. It was found that the platinum extraction from a selective linear paraffin dehydrogenation spent catalyst in cyanide solution at high pressure and temperature can be appropriately modeled by the proposed correlation in the selected range of operating conditions.
Factors leading to the creation, development, and maintenance of positive social relationship
Authors: Shek Daniel T.L. , Lin Jocelyn L. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn contrast to the manufacturing economy where the focus is primarily placed on the man-machine interface, social relationships are important building blocks in the service economy. Hence, identifyig the factors leading to creation, development, and maintenance of positive social relationships within the context of leadership is an important consideration. In this paper, a lecture covers the nature of social relationships and the related determinants (including trust, care, and respect) are outlined. Through this lecture, students can develop the ability to identify the characteristics and determinants of positive social relationships, appreciate the importance of positive relationships to service leaders, and evaluate one’s social relationships. Students are also encouraged to explore other ways to improve their social relationship qualities.
Numerical Simulation of a Shock Tube for Bio-dynamics Study
Authors: Zhu Feng , Chou Cliff C. , Yang King H. , Wang Zhihua 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
A bio-shock tube with non-lethal pressure levels can be used to study blast-induced primary injuries. In this paper, a finite element shock tube model was developed to simulate the shock wave and gas flow in a specific bio-shock tube. The behaviors of the gases in the tube were described with an equation of state using the multi-material arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (MMALE) formulation. The FE model-predicted temporal and spatial distributions of pressures were in reasonable agreement with those obtained experimentally. The characteristics of shock wave, unloading wave and rarefaction wave were well captured by this numerical model.
Multi-Thickness Target Plate Impact Experimental Approach to Failure Waves in Soda-lime Glass and Its Numerical Simulation
Authors: Duan Zhuo-Ping , Zhang Yan-Geng , Zhang Lian-Sheng , Ou Zhuo-Cheng , Huang Feng-Lei 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
A multi-thickness target plate impact experimental technique is proposed in this paper and adopted in the research on the so-called failure wave phenomenon in soda-lime glasses, in which, four sub-targets in different thicknesses embedded in the target ring are impacted simultaneously and the longitudinal stress temporal curves at the backing surface of each of the sub-targets are measured by four manganin piezo-resistive stress sensors. Hence, the failure wave trajectory under a certain dynamic loading can be obtained by only one test, which can reduce considerably the experimental expense as well as the experimental period, and, more importantly, the measurement uncertainty resulted from different loading conditions in repetitious impact experiments is avoided. It is found that the propagating velocity of failure wave is approximate to a constant and increases with the magnitude of the impact loading, and there always exists an initial delay time for the initiation of failure wave behind the precursory shock wave, which decreases with the magnitude of impact loads. Moreover, a numerical simulation for the failure wave propagation is carried out by using the LS-DYNA applied software, together with a statistical isotropic elastic microcrack model to describe the dynamic damage evolvement of soda-lime glasses. It is demonstrated that both the critical damage value distributions and the free surface particle velocity temporal curves can be used to determine the failure wave trajectory, and the numerical results are consistent substantially with the experimental data.
Beating the Jetting Regime
Authors: Sauret Alban , Shum Ho Cheung 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
We study numerically the dynamics of jets and drops in a microcapillary co-flow device. The co-flow stream encounters different flow regimes, including dripping, jetting. Using a level-set/finite element axysimmetric numerical simulation, we study the dynamics of breakup of a jet subject to flow rate perturbations. A scaling law for the width of the unperturbed jet is presented and compared to existing experimental results as well as numerical measurements. Then, we show that the introduction of a sinusoidal perturbation of the inner fluid flow rate can facilitate breakup of the fluid in regimes where a jet is usually observed. Moreover, the flow rate perturbation leads to a good control over the size and the frequency of the resulting droplets. Using theoretical modelling, we provide a criterion to determine the optimal frequency to break up the jet. We also derive scaling laws to determine the volume of inner fluid encapsulated in the emulsion droplets as a function of the frequency and to estimate the distance for the jet to break up as a function of the amplitude of perturbation. These scaling laws are in good agreement with results of numerical simulations. Our work suggests a novel approach and offers guiding principles to break up liquid jets in cases where dripping is difficult to achieve.
Establishment of a Dynamic Mohr–Coulomb Failure Criterion for Rocks
Authors: Huang Sheng , Xia Kaiwen , Dai Feng 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Static Mohr–Coulomb Failure Criterion for rocks has been used extensively in various rock engineering applications. In this model, the compressive strength, tensile strength, and shear strength are related. To investigate the applicability of the Mohr–Coulomb model to dynamic failures, we studied the correlation of the three dynamic rock properties: compressive strength, tensile strength and punch shear strength. The strengths are quantified using a split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) system. The methods for acquiring these strengths were briefly discussed. A fine-grained sandstone, Longyou sandstone (LS) was studied using these methods. The results showed that the compressive strength calculated from the punch shear strength of LS matched well with the experimental UCS results, thus the punch shear strength could be effectively used to predict the UCS of rocks. The tensile strength calculated from the punch shear strength of LS also has exhibited a good trend with the experimental results of Brazilian tensile strength. We concluded that the famous Mohr–Coulomb criterion can be extended to the dynamic range. However, caution has to be taken in determining the loading rates for different strength results.
Non-Modal Instability of Core-Annular Flow
Authors: Coppola Gennaro , Orazzo Annagrazia , de Luca Luigi 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The classical problem of the stability of Core-Annular Flow (CAF) in pipes is reconsidered from the point of view of the linear non-modal analysis. An accurate Chebyshev pseudospectral code in polar coordinates has been developed in order to separately discretize the two phases of the flow. Transient amplifications of the energy of three-dimensional perturbations are computed by taking into account the effects of viscosity and volume ratios between the two liquids, as well as of Reynolds number and a surface tension parameter.
A detailed investigation is conducted in wide regions of the parameters space and the occurrence of remarkable transient growths is found for asymptotically both stable and unstable configurations. Optimal perturbations (i.e. giving the maximum energy amplification) are determined and their structure is analyzed. It is shown that in conditions in which axisymmetric modes are expected to constitute the most dangerous exponential disturbances, spiral perturbations can provide higher levels of transient energy amplification. Growth rates and amplification levels relative to modal and non-modal mechanisms are compared in order to analyze more in depth previous disagreements between experiments and modal theory.
Complex Hybrid Synchronization in Drive-Response Complex-Variable Chaotic Systems
Authors: Wu Zhaoyan 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
In this paper, the concept of complex hybrid synchronization in complex-variable chaotic system is introduced for the first time. Based on Lyapunov stability theory, two typical complex-variable chaotic systems are considered and corresponding controllers are designed to achieve complex hybrid synchronization. Further, a universal control method in virtue of adaptive control scheme is proposed. Numerical examples are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Microfluidic Preparation of Multicompartment Microcapsules for Isolated Co-encapsulation and Controlled Release of Diverse Components
Authors: Wang Wei , Luo Tao , Ju Xiao-Jie , Xie Rui , Liu Li , Chu Liang-Yin 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Thermo-responsive multicompartment microcapsules for co-encapsulation and controlled release of different lipophilic components are developed from multicomponent-double-emulsion templates by microfluidics. Each of the microcapsule comprises a thermo-responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) shell and different oil cores. The different oil cores can be used as separate compartments for co-encapsulation of distinct lipophilic components. The precise manipulation of different oil cores afforded by our microfluidic device enables the fabrication of microcapsules with select number of each core, for optimizing the encapsulation of different lipophilic components. Because of the shell shrinking during heating process due to the thermo-responsive PNIPAM network, different lipophilic components co-encapsulated in the microcapsule can be simultaneously released via an external thermal trigger. The thermo-responsive multicompartment microcapsule provides an efficient system for co-encapsulation and controlled release of multiple lipophilic components. The microfluidic preparation approach presented here shows exciting potential in the design and fabrication of functional multicompartment microcapsules for co-encapsulation techniques.
ANALISIS EFISIENSI TEKNIS BANK PEMBANGUN
Authors: Sutanto Himawan Arif 
Published: September 2015

<p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat efisiensi Bank Pembanguna Daerah (BPD) di Indonesia. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berasal dari 26 BPD yang tercatat pada Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) dan Assosiasi Bank Pembangunan Daerah (ASBANDA) sampai akhir tahun 2013. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode non parametrik dengan pendekatan Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) asumsi VRS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa efisiensi Bank Pembangunan Daerah Seluruh Indonesia menunjukkan belum seluruhnya mencapai efisien dengan rata-rata tingkat efisiesni sebesar 93,2%. Sebanyak 12 Bank dari 26 BPD seluruh Indonesia telah mencapai efisiensi 100%. Sedangkan 14 BPD lainnya tidak efisien (&lt; 100%) dalam menjalankan operasionalnya. Bank Jateng merupakan BPD yang memiliki tingkat efisiensi terendah yaitu 78,6%. Beban suku bunga merupakan penyebab dari sebagian besar BPD tidak efisien. Oleh karena itu BPD dapat melakukan langkah perbaikan efisiensi dengan meninjau kembali kebijakan suku bunga dan meningkatkan penyaluran kredit agar input yang dikeluarkan sesuai dengan outputnya dengan mengacu pada Bank Pembangunan Daerah yang telah mencapai efisien.</p><p>This reaseach aims at analizing the efficiency rate of Bank Pembangunan Daerah (BPD) in Indonesia. The data are 26 BPDs listed in Financial Services Authority (OJK) and the Association of Bank Pembangunan Daerah (ASBANDA). Non-paramretric approach, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) by having VRS assumption was applied. The result shows that all BPDs in Indonesia has not been efficient yet; its average efficiency is 93,2%. There are only 12 banks that has 100% efficiency. The rest of the banks are not efficient in operating the bank. As a matter of fact, Bank Jateng is one of BPDs which has the lowest efficiency, 78%. The interest burdens becomes the main factor that cause the inefficiency of BPDs, so that, they should review the policies of interests and increase lending. The above steps are for balancing the input and the output.EA), </p>
PENGETAHUAN, SIKAP DAN PENCEGAHAN HIV/AIDS PADA IBU RUMAH TANGGA
Authors: Octavianty Lenny , Rahayu Atikah , Rosadi Dian , Rahman Fauzie 
Published: September 2015

<p>Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) merupakan penyebab penyakit Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) yang merusak kekebalan tubuh manusia. Tahun 2013 di Kalimantan Selatan terdapat 227 kasus HIV dan 134 kasus AIDS dengan kasus tertinggi di Kabupaten Tanah Bumbu yaitu kasus HIV 189 orang dan 30 kasus AIDS. Peningkatan kasus baru diproyeksikan terjadi pada populasi sopir karena termasuk mobile men with money and migrant. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan dan sikap dengan upaya pencegahan HIV/AIDS pada ibu rumah tangga dengan suami pekerja sopir bus antar kota terhadap upaya pencegahan HIV/AIDS. Penelitian dilakukan pada tahun 2014 dengan rancangan penelitian secara cross sectional. Sampel ibu rumah tangga sebanyak 40 orang secara accidental. Analisis data dengan uji chi-square. Analisis univariat didapatkan hasil tingkat pengetahuan rendah dan tinggi seimbang sebanyak 50%, sikap kategori baik 92.5% dan upaya pencegahan rendah sebanyak 65%. Analisis bivariat didapatkan ada hubungan antara pengetahuan dengan upaya pencegahan (p=0,000, OR=35,2), dengan upaya pencegahan tidak ada hubungan (p=0,539).</p><p> </p><p><em>HIV is the cause of AIDS damage the human immune system. In South Kalimantan (2013) was as much as 227 HIV cases and 134 AIDS cases and the highest case in Tanah Bumbu with the number of HIV cases as many as 189 people and 30 cases of AIDS. The increase in new cases of HIV/AIDS is projected to occur in the population of driver because including as a mobile men worker with money and migrants. This research was especially against his wife to understand about the relationship between knowledge and attitudes towards the prevention of HIV/AIDS on the housewife who has husband as inter-city bus driver towards the prevention of HIV/AIDS in Tanah Bumbu in 2014. This study conducted at 2014 and used cross sectional design with a sample of housewives as many as 40 people were taken by accidental means. Analyzed using chi-square test. Univariate analysis showed that who had a husband as a driver has a low and a high level of knowledge in balance with each as much as 50%, good attitude category was 92.5% and prevention was low, as much as 65%, while for the bivariate analysis showed that there was a relationship between knowledge and prevention (p-value = 0.000: OR = 35.2), while for variables with prevention efforts there was no relation (p-value = 0.539).</em></p>
THE PREDICTING FACTORS AFFECTING THE OCCURRENCE OF STUNTING IN CHILDREN UNDER FIVE YEARS OF AGE
Authors: Mardani Raden Ahmad Dedy , Wetasin Kanokwan , Suwanwaiphatthana Wiparat 
Published: September 2015

<p>Stunting adalah salah satu masalah kesehatan utama yang berkaitan dengan nutrisi di seluruh dunia, khususnya negara-negara berkembang. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor utama yang mempengarui terjadinya stunting pada anak usia dibawah lima tahun. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada tahun 2014 dan merupakan penelitian descriptive cross-sectional. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling untuk memilih posyandu, dan untuk menentukan sampel pada masing-masing posyandu menggunakan proportion stratified random sampling. Total sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 181 sample. Chi-square test and Logistic regression digunakan untuk menganalisis data. Hasil penelitian menunjukan hubungan yang signifikan antara pendek dengan berat badan lahir (nilai p &lt;.001, PR =1.83), pendidikan ibu (nilai p =.009 PR = 1.80), pengetahuan ibu tentang malnutrisi (nilai p &lt;.001, PR= 2.28), dan tipe-tipe keluarga (nilai p= .003, PR= 1.64); faktor utama penyebab anak pendek pada anak usia dibawah lima tahun adalah pengetahuan ibu tentang malnutrisi (p-value= 0.01, Exp(B)= 0.35).</p><p><em>Stunting is one of the main nutritional health problems throughout the world, particularly in developing countries. The objective of this study was to examine the predictor factors affecting the occurrence of stunting in children under five years of age. This research was conducted at 2014 and this was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The purposive sampling technique was used to choose the community health meeting, and the proportion stratified random sampling technique was used to selecting the sample in each community health meeting. The total sample size was 181 samples. Chi-square test and Logistic regression were used to analyze the data. The results showed the significant relationships between child’s birth weight (p-value &lt;.001, PR =1.83), mother’s education (p-value =.009 PR = 1.80), mother’s knowledge of child malnutrition (p-value &lt;.001, PR= 2.28), and family types (p-value= .003, PR= 1.64) with stunting; The predictor factor of stunting in children under five years of age was mother’s knowledge of child malnutrition (p-value= 0.01, Exp(B)= 0.35).</em></p>
Stellungnahme zum Zwischenbericht des Bundeskartellamtes zum Expertenkreis Kartellsanktionsrecht
Authors: Stockmann Kurt 
Published: September 2015

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag kommentiert die Thesen des am Jahresanfang vom Bundeskartellamt vorgelegten Zwischenberichts zum Expertenkreis Kartellsanktionsrecht mit dem Thema „Reformimpulse für das Kartellbußgeldverfahren“. Außerdem untersucht er, ob und ggf. welche Konsequenzen sich bei einer thesenkonformen Novellierung des Ordnungswidrigkeitenverfahrens für die von der Praxis entwickelten Sonderformen der Fallerledigung nach der Bonusregelung und dem Settlementverfahren ergeben. Darüber hinaus wirft der Beitrag einen Blick auf eventuelle Wechselwirkungen zwischen einer thesenkonformen Novellierung des Verfahrensrechts und einer möglichen Kriminalisierung schwerer Kartellverstöße natürlicher Personen.
Nachfragemacht im Kartellrecht
Authors: Thomas Stefan 
Published: September 2015

Zusammenfassung
Die Auswirkungen von unternehmerischer Nachfragemacht auf den Wettbewerb und die Verbraucher sind ambivalent. Einerseits kann Nachfragemacht zu geringeren Einkaufspreisen führen, die den Konsumenten zugute kommen. Andererseits kann sie als ein Mittel zu Verdrängung kleinerer Konkurrenten mit geringerer Nachfragemacht auf nachgelagerten Märkten eingesetzt werden. Darüber hinaus werden in der Wettbewerbsökonomie weitere Auswirkungen von Nachfragemacht diskutiert, wie die Beeinflussung der dynamischen Effizienz und der Produktvielfalt, wobei sich hier bislang keine eindeutigen Grundsätze für die konkrete Kartellrechtsanwendung erkennen lassen. Die kartellrechtliche Bewertung von Nachfragemacht wirft ferner spezifische Schutzzweckfragen auf, die bislang durch die Rechtsprechung nicht geklärt wurden. Es geht darum, ob Lieferanten ein eigenes Interesse an angemessenen Preisen und Konditionen geltend machen können, welches gegen die Ausübung von Nachfragemacht zu schützen ist, selbst wenn es zu keinen weiteren negativen Auswirkungen auf die Gesamt- oder Konsumentenwohlfahrt kommt. Viele dieser Fragen werden durch neuere kartellbehördliche Entscheidungen direkt oder jedenfalls indirekt aufgeworfen. Dazu gehört etwa der Untersagungsbeschluss des BKartA in der Sache EDEKA/Tengelmann. Der vorliegende Beitrag geht ihnen nach und bezieht hierbei auch das US-Kartellrecht mit ein.
Die wettbewerbsrechtliche Zulässigkeit von Meistbegünstigungsklauseln auf Buchungsplattformen am Beispiel von HRS
Authors: Hamelmann Lisa , Haucap Justus , Wey Christian 
Published: September 2015

Zusammenfassung
Auf Plattformmärkten werden vielfach Meistbegünstigungsklauseln eingesetzt, durch welche sich der Anbieter verpflichtet, seine Produkte auf der jeweiligen Plattform zu den günstigsten Konditionen zu offerieren. Kartellrechtlich sind diese Klauseln umstritten. Im Jahr 2013 hat das Bundeskartellamt (BKartA) in dem HRS-Beschluss eine solche Klausel als wettbewerbsbeschränkende Vertikalvereinbarung sowie als Missbrauch einer relativ marktstarken Stellung eingestuft. In dem ersten Punkt wurde der BKartA-Beschluss jüngst durch das OLG Düsseldorf bestätigt. Angelehnt an diesen Beschluss beleuchtet der folgende Beitrag die wettbewerbsökonomischen Auswirkungen sowie die wettbewerbsrechtliche Zulässigkeit dieser Klauseln. Dabei wird durch die Verknüpfung juristischer und ökonomischer Betrachtungen eine adäquate Marktabgrenzung in einem – potenziell – zweiseitigen Markt sowie eine deskriptive Wirkungsanalyse vorgenommen und resümiert.
Competition between public and private undertakings
Authors: Mikroulea Alexandra P. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
An undistorted competition regime can only be achieved on the condition of equality of opportunity among different businesses. The neutrality principle must be also applicable in favor of public sector undertakings according to OFT study dated 2010 and OECD study 2012. In comparative analysis with other member states (Italy and Spain) and Australia the relevant legislations provide the Competition Agencies and the Governments power to ensure and protect the neutrality principle. World Trade Organization is the new forum for international regulation of public restraints? It is a question to be answered. A “soft” solution (soft law), either in the framework of the International Competition Network (ICN) or in the framework of OECD or of the UNCTAD seems realistic. Perhaps more effective seems to be the cultivation of a competition culture (competition advocacy). In competition law,
“second best”
solutions constitute the reply to the problem.