bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Common single nucleotide variants underlying drug addiction: more than a decade of research
Authors: Bühler Kora‐Mareen , Giné Elena , Echeverry‐Alzate Victor , Calleja‐Conde Javier , de Fonseca Fernando Rodriguez , López‐Moreno Jose Antonio 
Published: January 2015

AbstractDrug‐related phenotypes are common complex and highly heritable traits. In the last few years, candidate gene (CGAS) and genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) have identified a huge number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with drug use, abuse or dependence, mainly related to alcohol or nicotine. Nevertheless, few of these associations have been replicated in independent studies. The aim of this study was to provide a review of the SNPs that have been most significantly associated with alcohol‐, nicotine‐, cannabis‐ and cocaine‐related phenotypes in humans between the years of 2000 and 2012. To this end, we selected CGAS, GWAS, family‐based association and case‐only studies published in peer‐reviewed international scientific journals (using the PubMed/MEDLINE and Addiction GWAS Resource databases) in which a significant association was reported. A total of 371 studies fit the search criteria. We then filtered SNPs with at least one replication study and performed meta‐analysis of the significance of the associations. SNPs in the alcohol metabolizing genes, in the cholinergic gene cluster CHRNA5‐CHRNA3‐CHRNB4, and in the DRD2 and ANNK1 genes, are, to date, the most replicated and significant gene variants associated with alcohol‐ and nicotine‐related phenotypes. In the case of cannabis and cocaine, a far fewer number of studies and replications have been reported, indicating either a need for further investigation or that the genetics of cannabis/cocaine addiction are more elusive. This review brings a global state‐of‐the‐art vision of the behavioral genetics of addiction and collaborates on formulation of new hypothesis to guide future work.
Maternal outcomes after uterine balloon tamponade for postpartum hemorrhage
Authors: Martin Emmanuelle , Legendre Guillaume , Bouet Pierre‐Emmanuel , Cheve Marie‐Therese , Multon Olivier , Sentilhes Loïc 
Published: January 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate maternal outcomes following uterine balloon tamponade in the management of postpartum hemorrhage.DesignRetrospective case‐series.SettingTwo French hospitals, a level 3 university referral center and a level 2 private hospital.PopulationAll women who underwent balloon tamponade treatment for primary postpartum hemorrhage.MethodsUterine tamponade was used after standard treatment of postpartum hemorrhage had failed. The study population was divided into two groups, successful cases where the bleeding stopped after the balloon tamponade, and failures requiring subsequent surgery or embolization.Main outcome measuresSuccess rates.ResultsUterine tamponade was used in 49 women: 30 (61%) after vaginal delivery and 19 (39%) after cesarean section. Uterine atony was the main cause of hemorrhage (86%). The overall success rate was 65%. Of 17 failures, surgery was required in 16 cases, including hysterectomy in 11, and uterine artery embolization in one case. Demographic and obstetric characteristics did not differ significantly between the success and failure groups. No complications were directly attributed to the balloon tamponade in the postpartum period. Two women had a subsequent full‐term pregnancy without recurrence of postpartum hemorrhage.ConclusionsBalloon tamponade is an effective, safe and readily available method for treating primary postpartum hemorrhage and could reduce the need for invasive procedures.
No association between allergy and current 25‐hydroxy vitamin D in serum or vitamin D intake
Authors: Barman Malin , Jonsson Karin , Hesselmar Bill , Sandin Anna , Sandberg Ann‐Sofie , Wold Agnes E. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAimVitamin D may be involved in allergy development, but there is conflicting evidence. We investigated if dietary intake of vitamin D and levels of 25OHD in serum differed between allergic and nonallergic adolescents and if serum 25OHD correlated with dietary intake of vitamin D or season of blood sampling.MethodsSerum 25‐hydroxy vitamin D (25OHD) levels were analysed in 13‐year‐old subjects with atopic eczema (n = 55), respiratory allergy (n = 55) or no allergy (n = 55). Intake of fat‐containing foods was assessed by food‐frequency questionnaires, and total daily vitamin D intake was calculated. Logistic regression was used to adjust for gender, parental allergy and time of blood sampling.ResultsSubjects with atopic eczema or respiratory allergy did not differ from nonallergic controls regarding serum 25OHD levels or calculated vitamin D intake. Subjects sampled in the autumn had significantly higher levels of serum 25OHD than subjects sampled in the winter or spring. Serum 25OHD levels correlated to consumption of vitamin D‐fortified lean milk (p = 0.001).ConclusionThe findings suggest no association between allergy and 25OHD levels in serum or vitamin D intake in adolescents. Serum 25OHD levels correlated to intake of vitamin D‐fortified lean milk.
Distinct features of immunoglobulin G2 aquaporin‐4 antibody carriers with neuromyelitis optica
Authors: Isobe Noriko , Yonekawa Tomomi , Matsushita Takuya , Kawano Yuji , Masaki Katsuhisa , Yoshimura Satoshi , Murai Hiroyuki , Yamasaki Ryo , Kira Jun‐ichi 
Published: January 2015

AbstractObjectiveNeuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an inflammatory disease in which NMO‐immunoglobulin G (IgG) targeting aquaporin‐4 (AQP4) is specifically detected. Although the main subclass of AQP4 antibody was reported to be in the IgG1 subclass, other subclasses have also been described, including IgG2 AQP4 antibody, as a second common subclass. NMO patients were analyzed to clarify the clinical features of NMO patients with IgG2 AQP4 antibody.MethodsSerum samples from 58 NMO patients, who met the revised 2006 criteria for NMO, were analyzed for AQP4 antibody subclass expression using an established flow cytometric assay, and clinical features were compared according to the main AQP4 antibody subclasses.ResultsA total of 50 patients (86.2%) had IgG1 AQP4 antibodies, while eight (13.8%) expressed IgG2 AQP4 antibody as the main subclass. Those eight individuals exhibited younger age of onset (P = 0.0089), lower AQP4 antibody titers (P = 0.0024) and a more common fulfillment of Barkhof's criteria (P = 0.0466) than patients with IgG1 AQP4 antibody expression.ConclusionsResults from the present study suggest that the characteristics of individuals with IgG2 AQP4 antibody as a main subclass are more similar to multiple sclerosis and somewhat distinct from NMO patients with IgG1 AQP4 antibody.
Phylogenetic visualization of the spread of H7 influenza A viruses
Authors: Janies Daniel A. , Pomeroy Laura W. , Krueger Chris , Zhang Yuqi , Senturk Izzet F. , Kaya Kamer , Çatalyürek Ümit V. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractViruses of influenza A subtype H7 can be highly pathogenic and periodically infect humans. For example, there have been numerous outbreaks of H7 in the Americas and Europe since 1996. More recently, a reassortant H7N9 has emerged among humans and birds during 2013–2014 in China, Taiwan and Hong Kong. This H7N9 genome consists of genetic segments that assort with H7 and H9 viruses previously circulating in chickens and wild birds in China and ducks in Korea. Epidemic risk modellers have used agricultural, climatic and demographic data to predict that the virus will spread to northern Vietnam via poultry. To shed light on the traffic of H7 viruses in general, we examine genetic segments of influenza that have assorted with many strains of H7 viruses dating back to 1902. We focus on use cases from the United States, Italy and China. We apply a novel metric, betweenness, an associated phylogenetic visualization technique, transmission networks, and compare these with another technique, route mapping. In contrast to traditional views, our results illustrate that segments that assort with H7 viruses are spread frequently between the Americas and Eurasia. In summary, genetic segments that historically assort with H7 influenza viruses have been spread from China to: Australia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, Germany, Hong Kong, Italy, Japan, Mongolia, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Pakistan, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, the UK, the US, and Vietnam.
One‐year protocol biopsies from ABO‐incompatible renal allografts compared with a matched cohort of ABO‐compatible allografts
Authors: Dörje Christina , Mjøen Geir , Strøm Erik H. , Holdaas Hallvard , Jenssen Trond , Øyen Ole , Akalin Akkök Çigdem , Cvancarova Milada , Midtvedt Karsten , Reisæter Anna Varberg 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIntroductionEarly acute antibody‐mediated rejection (ABMR) occurs more frequently in ABO‐incompatible (ABOi) than in ABO‐compatible (ABOc) kidney transplantation. This could lead to increased inflammation/scarring in the ABOi grafts. Protocol biopsy data in ABOi kidney recipients are scarce.MethodsA single‐center retrospective matched cohort study was conducted. Eighty adult living donor (LD) renal transplant recipients without HLA donor‐specific antibodies (DSA) transplanted between 2009 and 2012 were included; 20 ABOi and 60 ABOc controls matched for donor age and transplantation year. Protocol biopsies at one yr were scored according to the Banff classification. Three sums of scores were constructed: tubulointerstitial inflammation (t + i = 0 vs. >0), microvascular inflammation (g + ptc = 0 vs. >0), scarring/hyalinosis (ci + ct + cv + ah ≤ 1 vs. >1. Scores and presence of subclinical rejection (SCR) at one yr were compared.ResultsProtocol biopsy findings at one yr in the ABOi vs. ABOc matched control group were not statistically different: (t + i) > 0, 30% vs. 20%; (g + ptc) > 0, 5% vs. 8%; (ci + ct + cv + ah) > 1, 85% vs. 60%, respectively. No transplant glomerulopathy occurred. SCR rate at one yr was 30% vs. 18%, subclinical ABMR 5% vs. 7% (all with de novo HLA DSA).ConclusionOne‐year protocol biopsies of ABOi and ABOc LD recipients do not differ in chronic changes, inflammation, or SCRs.
Epidemiology of invasive fungal infections in lung transplant recipients on long‐term azole antifungal prophylaxis
Authors: Chong Pearlie P. , Kennedy Cassie C. , Hathcock Matthew A. , Kremers Walter K. , Razonable Raymund R. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractLung transplant recipients (LTR) at our institution receive prolonged and mostly lifelong azole antifungal (AF) prophylaxis. The impact of this prophylactic strategy on the epidemiology and outcome of invasive fungal infections (IFI) is unknown. This was a single‐center, retrospective cohort study. We reviewed the medical records of all adult LTR from January 2002 to December 2011. Overall, 16.5% (15 of 91) of patients who underwent lung transplantation during this time period developed IFI. Nineteen IFI episodes were identified (eight proven, 11 probable), 89% (17 of 19) of which developed during AF prophylaxis. LTR with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis were more likely to develop IFI (HR: 4.29; 95% CI: 1.15–15.91; p = 0.03). A higher hazard of mortality was observed among those who developed IFI, although this was not statistically significant (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.71; 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.58–4.05]; p = 0.27). Aspergillus fumigatus was the most common cause of IFI (45%), with pulmonary parenchyma being the most common site of infection. None of our patients developed disseminated invasive aspergillosis, cryptococcal or endemic fungal infections. IFI continue to occur in LTR, and the eradication of IFI appears to be challenging even with prolonged prophylaxis. Azole resistance is uncommon despite prolonged AF exposure.
Health literacy in patients referred for transplant: do patients have the capacity to understand?
Authors: Miller‐Matero Lisa R. , Hyde‐Nolan Maren E. , Eshelman Anne , Abouljoud Marwan 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAdequate levels of health literacy are needed for transplant recipients to be able to understand and comply with medical recommendations. However, little is known about health literacy among transplant candidates. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the levels of health literacy and cognitive functioning among patients being evaluated for various types of transplantation. There were 398 patients who completed a required psychological evaluation prior to being listed for transplant. This included a screen for cognitive impairment and limited reading and math ability. The prevalence of limited reading ability was 27.5%, limited math ability was 42.8%, and 30.7% had probable cognitive impairment. Rates of limited reading and math ability and cognitive impairment varied for each type of end‐stage disease. Limited reading ability was related to poorer cognitive functioning. Those with a higher likelihood of limited reading ability included blacks and males. Those more likely to have cognitive impairment included blacks and patients who are older. Results from this study suggest that patients should be regularly screened for health literacy and cognitive impairment. Once patients with difficulties are identified, recommendations can be provided to these patients at a level that they are able to understand.
Victimization and restricted participation among young people with disabilities in the US child welfare system
Authors: Berg Kristin L , Shiu Cheng‐Shi , Msall Michael E , Acharya Kruti 
Published: January 2015

AimThe aim of this study was to assess the role of disability and victimization in young people's participation in developmentally salient activities by analyzing a nationally representative group of young people from the child welfare system (CWS).MethodData were obtained from interviews with young people and their parents, recorded by the second National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well‐Being (NSCAW II). The sample group consisted of 405 females and 270 males, ranging in age from 11 to 17 years (mean age 13y 6mo), and residing with families throughout the USA. The relationships among disability status, victimization, and participation were explored using weighted logistic regression analysis.ResultsControlling for demographical and family‐related factors, the probability of young people with disabilities (YWD), involved with the CWS, reporting two or more victimizations was 120% higher (p<0.01) than that of young people without disabilities. YWD in the CWS were almost twice as likely as young people without disabilities to report participation in only one or no developmentally salient activities. Controlling for all other variables, the odds of restricted participation were 6.8‐fold higher (p<0.05) for victimized YWD in the CWS.InterpretationYoung people with disabilities who report victimization are significantly less likely than their typically developing peers to participate in developmentally salient activities. Without coordinated efforts to prevent victimization of YWD in the CWS, there will be significant barriers to their participation, well‐being, and independent living outcomes.
Lophodermium pinastri and an unknown species of Teratosphaeriaceae are associated with needle cast in a Pinus radiata selection trial
Authors: Prihatini I. , Glen M. , Wardlaw T. J. , Mohammed C. L. 
Published: January 2015

SummarySpring needle cast (SNC) in Tasmania is defined by the early casting of pine needles and appears in 6‐ to 7‐year‐old pine plantations after canopy closure. The severity of SNC can vary significantly among trees growing within the same plantation. Fungal communities were surveyed in a Pinus radiata family trial, using DNA extraction from needles, PCR with fungal‐specific primers and sequencing to detect the presence of fungal species. Samples were taken at the same time as the trees were scored for disease severity. Trees with contrasting levels of SNC disease severity have significantly different needle fungal communities, but family pedigree and different ages of needle are not clearly distinguished by their fungal communities. All common fungal pathogens previously implicated in causing SNC were identified from the study, but of these, only Lophodermium pinastri was correlated with high levels of disease. Several species of Teratosphaeriaceae were detected, and one of these was also strongly associated with needle cast.
Survival and graft‐versus‐host disease in patients receiving peripheral stem cell compared to bone marrow transplantation from HLA‐matched related donor: retrospective analysis of 334 consecutive patients
Authors: Campregher Paulo Vidal , Hamerschlak Nelson , Colturato Vergilio Antonio Renzi , Mauad Marcos Augusto , de Souza Mair Pedro , Bouzas Luis Fernando da Silva , Tavares Rita de Cássia B. , Barros José Carlos , Chiattone Ricardo , Paz Alessandra , Silla Lucia , Vigorito Afonso Celso , Miranda Eliane , Funke Vaneuza Araújo Moreira , Flowers Mary Evelyn 
Published: January 2015

AbstractObjectivesThe objective of this study was to compare the major transplant outcomes between patients receiving hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) from bone marrow (BM) or peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC).MethodsAll consecutive HSCT patients using BM or PBSC from an HLA‐matched related donors for haematological malignancies after high intensity conditioning at seven Brazilian transplant centres between January 2008 and December 2009 were retrospectively evaluated.ResultsIn the study period, 334 patients were treated in the centres and included in the evaluation. The cumulative incidence of grades II–IV and III–IV acute graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) at one year was 36.7% and 9.7% for BM recipients and 34.4% and 15.1% for PBSC recipients, respectively (not statistically different). The cumulative incidence of chronic GVHD at three years was 53.7% and 79.8% (HR 1.93; 95% CI 1.38–2.69, P < 0.001) for BM and PBSC, respectively. Median overall survival was 2.85 and 2.39 years for BM and PBSC recipients, respectively (HR 1.19; 95% CI, 0.84–1.68, P = 0.34).ConclusionsOur results confirm previous findings of increased chronic GVHD incidence in patients receiving PBSC when compared to patients receiving BM as the graft source in HSCT. Acute GVHD incidence, progression‐free survival and overall survival were not different between the groups.
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for adult patients with mixed phenotype acute leukemia: results of a matched‐pair analysis
Authors: Shimizu Hiroaki , Saitoh Takayuki , Machida Shinichiro , Kako Shinichi , Doki Noriko , Mori Takehiko , Sakura Toru , Kanda Yoshinobu , Kanamori Heiwa , Miyawaki Shuichi , Okamoto Shinichiro ,   Kanto Study Group for Cell Therapy (KSGCT)
Published: January 2015

AbstractAdult patients with mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL) have a poor prognosis, and the therapeutic role of allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo‐SCT) for MPAL remains to be elucidated. Thus, we retrospectively assessed the efficacy of allo‐SCT for MPAL. Eighteen patients with MPAL were identified from the transplant outcome database of Kanto Study Group for Cell Therapy (KSGCT). We also selected 215 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) as control cohorts using an optimal matching method. The 5‐yr overall survival (OS) rate of patients with MPAL was 48.1%, and patients in remission at the time of transplant showed significantly better survival than those not in remission (5‐yr OS: 71.8% vs. 0%, P = 0.001). No significant differences were seen in OS when stratifying patients according to immunophenotype, cytogenetic abnormalities, or the type of induction therapy. The 5‐yr OS rate of patients with MPAL was not significantly different compared with AML control patients (48.1% vs. 48.1%; P = 0.855) or ALL control patients (48.1% vs. 37.8%; P = 0.426). These results suggested that allo‐SCT is an effective treatment for MPAL, especially early in the disease course, and innovative transplant approaches are warranted to improve the transplant outcome of patients with MPAL who are not in remission.
Predictors of survival and cause of death in patients with essential thrombocythemia
Authors: Lekovic Danijela , Gotic Mirjana , Sefer Dijana , Mitrovic‐Ajtic Olivera , Cokic Vladan , Milic Natasa 
Published: January 2015

AbstractObjectivesStandard risk stratification for overall survival (OS) in patients with essential thrombocythemia (ET) is based on advanced age and history of thrombotic events. Recently, International Prognostic Score for ET (IPSET) incorporated also leukocytosis in prognostic model. The aim of this study was to establish additional risk factors for OS in ET patients.MethodsAfter the median follow‐up of 7 yr, in 244 consecutive ET patients, 32 deaths were documented (13.2%). The 5‐ and 10‐yr OS was 95.9% and 79.7%, respectively. Considered additional risk factors at diagnosis of ET were the presence of arterial hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and smoking attitude.ResultsThe main cause of death in 75% of patients was cardiovascular (CV) comorbidity. Patients with CV risk factors had increased risk of death (HR = 2.33). Cox regression model identified age, leukocytosis, presence of CV risk factors, and previous thrombosis as unfavorable predictors of survival. Based on these parameters, four risk groups were defined, with significantly different survivals (P < 0.001). Improved prognostic model displayed a better hazard ratio profile compared to the standard risk stratification and IPSET.ConclusionThe addition of CV risk factors allows better prognostic assessment by delineating the intermediate‐risk category and improved identification of the high‐risk patients.
Activation of mTOR signaling pathway is secondary to neuronal excitability in a mouse model of mesio‐temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Shima Ayako , Nitta Naoki , Suzuki Fumio , Laharie Anne‐Marie , Nozaki Kazuhiko , Depaulis Antoine 
Published: January 2015

AbstractRecent studies in animal models have suggested that the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway is involved in several features of mesio‐temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE), and that its inhibition could have therapeutic interests. However, it remains controversial whether mTOR activation is the cause or the consequence of MTLE. We previously showed in a mouse model of MTLE associated with hippocampal sclerosis that increased neuronal excitability and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) overexpression contribute to the development of morphological features of this form of epilepsy. Here, we addressed whether mTOR activation promotes MTLE epileptogenesis via increasing neuronal excitability and/or BDNF expression or rather mediates neuroplasticity associated with hippocampal sclerosis. In mice injected intrahippocampally with kainate (1 nmol), we showed a biphasic increase of phospho‐S6 (p‐S6) ribosomal protein expression, the downstream product of the mTOR signaling pathway, in the dispersed granule cell layer (GCL) of the dentate gyrus with a second phase lasting up to 6 months. Chronic treatment with rapamycin suppressed p‐S6 expression, granule cell dispersion and mossy fiber sprouting, but did not reduce cell loss, BDNF overexpression, glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)67 expression or the development of hippocampal paroxysmal discharges. Neuronal inhibition by midazolam (2 × 10 mg/kg, i.p.) abolished the increased expression of p‐S6 in the dispersed GCL. Our data suggest that activation of the mTOR signaling pathway results from the increased neuronal excitation that develops in the GCL and may contribute to MTLE morphological changes. However, these data do not support the role of this pathway in the development of MTLE or its inhibition as a therapy for this form of epilepsy.