bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) Routinely: An Example in the Context of Elective Shoulder Surgery
Authors: Dawson Jill , Rogers Katherine , Doll Helen , Fitzpatrick Ray , Cooper Cushla , Carr Andrew 
Published: March 2015

Objectives:
This paper evaluates the usefulness of a set of PROMs data collected prospectively, in a relational
database, over several years. The data were collected as part of routine practice, to audit patients undergoing shoulder
surgery.

Methods:
Data, rendered anonymous, which included all upper limb surgical procedures and all outcome questionnaires
(including Oxford Shoulder Score, OSS) data, were downloaded, prepared and analysed to produce the shoulder surgery
study population. Details of procedures and questionnaires were merged by shoulder and analysed for completeness and
accuracy. Pre- and post-operative OSS scores, with repeated observations from individual patients, were analysed using
maximum likelihood mixed effects linear regression models.

Results:
Data preparation and cleaning was intensive. The final dataset contained 2110 questionnaires representing 815
surgical procedures and 755 patients. In relation to procedures, only 538 (66%) had a pre- and post-operative OSS score:
78 (9.5%) a pre-operative OSS only, 199 (24.4%) a post-operative OSS only, and 31 (3.8%) no OSS completed. OSS
questionnaires had been completed in varying numbers and at varying times per procedure. There was a considerable
amount of ‘missing’ data that was not missing completely at random. Missing data had a significant influence on OSS
scores.

Conclusions:
In the absence of a research question (eg. exploratory research, descriptive audits, registers), a reason for
collecting PROMs data should be stipulated and methods of data collection and storage standardised. Poor data cannot be
‘fixed’ in statistical analysis; statistical advice should be sought during the planning stages.
The Geography of Fatty Infiltrates Within the Cervical Multifidus and Semispinalis Cervicis in Individuals With Chronic Whiplash-Associated Disorders
Authors: Abbott Rebecca , Pedler Ashley , Sterling Michele , Hides Julie , Murphey Todd , Hoggarth Mark , Elliott James 
Published: March 2015

Study Design Cross-sectional. Objectives To quantify the magnitude and distribution of muscle fat infiltration (MFI) within the cervical multifidus and semispinalis cervicis muscles in participants with chronic whiplash-associated disorders (WADs) compared to those who have fully recovered from a whiplash injury and healthy controls. Background Previous research has established the presence of increased MFI throughout the cervical extensor muscles of individuals with WAD when compared to healthy controls. These changes appear to be greater in the deepest muscles (eg, multifidus and semispinalis cervicis) than in the more superficial muscles. A detailed analysis of the distribution of MFI within these deep extensor muscles in chronic WAD, recovered, and control groups would provide a foundation for further investigation of specific mechanisms, etiologies, and targets for treatments. Methods Fifteen participants (WAD, n = 5; recovered, n = 5; and control, n = 5) were studied using a 3-D fat-water separation magnetic resonance imaging sequence. Bilateral measures of cervical multifidus and semispinalis cervicis MFI in 4 quartiles (1 [medial] to 4 [lateral]) at cervical levels C3 through C7 were included in the analysis. Intrarater and interrater reliability were established. A mixed-model analysis was performed to control for covariates, identify interaction effects, and compare MFI distribution between groups. Results The limits of agreement confirmed strong intrarater and interrater agreement at all levels (C3–C7). Sex, age, and body mass index were identified as significant covariates for MFI. Significant interactions were found between group and muscle quartile (P<.001) and between muscle quartile and cervical level (P<.001). Pairwise comparisons for intraquartile MFI between groups revealed significantly greater MFI in the WAD group when compared to the recovered group in the first quartile (P<.001), second quartile (P<.001), and third quartile (P = .03). When compared to the control group, the WAD group had significantly greater MFI in the first quartile (P = .002) and the second quartile (P = .045). The control group had significantly higher MFI in comparison to the recovered group in the first quartile (P = .048). Conclusion This study provides preliminary data mapping the spatial distribution of MFI in the cervical multifidus and semispinalis cervicis muscles in individuals with chronic WAD, those who have recovered from a whiplash injury, and healthy controls. Muscle fat infiltration is more concentrated in the medial portion of the muscles in all participants. However, the magnitude of MFI in the medial quartiles (1 and 2) is greatest in the chronic WAD group. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2015;45(4):281–288. Epub 4 Mar 2015. doi:10.2519/jospt.2015.5719
Un risque pour un autre. La double expérience du danger dans les trajectoires de mobilité thérapeutique aux Comores
Authors: Sakoyan Juliette 
Published: March 2015

Cet article traite de la double expérience du danger dans les trajectoires de mobilité thérapeutique : d’une part il analyse le processus d’évaluation du danger pathologique dans le contexte de pauvreté de l’Union des Comores ; d’autre part il décrit le processus décisionnel du recours thérapeutique à l’étranger dans un espace où la destination la plus proche, Mayotte, est la plus dangereuse. Il aborde ainsi la question de la polysémie et de la plasticité morale du danger.
Représentations des drogues et de l'addiction dans la photographie contemporaine
Authors: Blaise Mario 
Published: March 2015

Depuis les années 1970 sont apparues de nombreuses œuvres photographiques sur la drogue et son milieu. La photographie semble être devenue, en une quarantaine d’années, à côté du cinéma et de la musique, le nouveau lieu d’expression des expériences de la drogue et des addictions. C’est à partir de l’étude de ces photographies et du discours médiatique autour de ces photographes que nous nous sommes intéressé à ce nouveau genre emblématique. Cinq chapitres se dégagent en fonction de l’époque et du type de travail photographique : Larry Clark, fondateur du genre ; Nan Goldin et Alberto García-Alix : de la figure du marginal drogué à la figure du survivant ; Heroin Chic ou comment la mode récupère le genre ; photoreporters à la rencontre des addicts ; Graham MacIndoe et Antoine d’Agata : autoportraits et journal intime. Dans ce nouveau genre, où la drogue est un des personnages principaux, les codes implicites sont la proximité du photographe avec le sujet, l’authenticité du discours et la réception par le public et les médias qui oscille entre fascination et répulsion. Les différentes pratiques artistiques inventées par ces photographes correspondent à de véritables dispositifs cliniques des addictions qui pour certains semblent avoir eu des vertus bénéfiques d’autoconservation.
Differential Response of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells to the Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Agent Indomethacin in Tumor-Associated and Tumor-Free Microenvironments
Authors: Blidner Ada G. , Salatino Mariana , Mascanfroni Ivan D. , Diament Miriam J. , Bal de Kier Joffé Elisa , Jasnis Maria A. , Klein Slobodanka M. , Rabinovich Gabriel A. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are key regulatory cells that control inflammation and promote tumor-immune escape. To date, no specific immunomodulatory drug has proven efficacy in targeting the expansion and/or function of these cells in different pathophysiologic settings. In this study, we identified a context-dependent effect of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin (IND) on MDSCs, depending on whether they were derived from tumor microenvironments (TME) or from tumor-free microenvironments (TFME). Treatment of mice bearing the LP07 lung adenocarcinoma with IND inhibited the suppressive activity of splenic MDSCs, which restrained tumor growth through mechanisms involving CD8+ T cells. The same effect was observed when MDSCs were treated with IND and conditioned media from LP07 tumor cells in vitro. However, in the absence of a tumor context, IND enhanced the intrinsic suppressive function of MDSCs and amplified their protumoral activity. In a model of autoimmune neuroinflammation, IND-treated MDSCs differentiated in TFME attenuated inflammation, whereas IND-treated MDSCs differentiated in TME aggravated clinical symptoms and delayed resolution of the disease. Mechanistically, IND reduced arginase activity as well as NO and reactive oxygen species production in MDSCs differentiated in TME but not in TFME. Moreover, expression of the C/EBP-β transcription factor isoforms correlated with the suppressive activity of IND-treated MDSCs. Our study unveils the dual and context-dependent action of IND, a drug that serves both as an anti-inflammatory and anticancer agent, which differentially affects MDSC activity whether these cells are derived from TME or TFME. These results have broad clinical implication in cancer, chronic inflammation and autoimmunity.
Demethylation of the RORC2 and IL17A in Human CD4+ T Lymphocytes Defines Th17 Origin of Nonclassic Th1 Cells
Authors: Mazzoni Alessio , Santarlasci Veronica , Maggi Laura , Capone Manuela , Rossi Maria Caterina , Querci Valentina , De Palma Raffaele , Chang Hyun-Dong , Thiel Andreas , Cimaz Rolando , Liotta Francesco , Cosmi Lorenzo , Maggi Enrico , Radbruch Andreas , Romagnani Sergio , Dong Jun , Annunziato Francesco 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Th17-derived Th1 lymphocytes, termed nonclassic, differ from classic Th1 cells because of the presence of retinoic acid orphan receptor (ROR)C2 and the surface expression of CD161 and CCR6. We demonstrate in this article that nonclassic Th1 cells, like Th17 cells, have a marked RORC2 and IL17A demethylation, whereas classic Th1 cells exhibit a complete methylation of these genes. The analysis of RORC2 DNA methylation in the CD4+CD161+ and CD4+CD161− naive Th subsets from umbilical cord blood surprisingly revealed comparable hypermethylation levels. PCR analysis at the single-cell level revealed that RORC2 mRNA was expressed by none of the CD4+CD161− and present only in a minority of CD4+CD161+ naive Th cells. These findings provide two important novel observations on the physiology of human Th17 cells: 1) they confirm at the epigenetic level the origin of nonclassic Th1 cells from Th17 cells, also identifying in the RORC2 and IL17A methylation status a novel tool for their distinction from classic Th1 cells, and 2) they demonstrate that RORC2-expressing cells are only a minority in the subset of CD4+CD161+ naive Th cells, which are known to contain all Th17 cell precursors.
Sense of coherence and chronic illnesses: Scope for research in India
Authors: Chittem Mahati , Lindström Bengt , Byrapaneni Ramesh , Espnes Geir 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe theory of salutogenesis focusses on how individuals move in the direction of health rather than illness. Within this is the concept of sense of coherence (SOC) that refers to a stable disposition which creates coping resources and a sense of health preservation. With the help of a widely validated SOC scale, a range of studies evidenced that a strong SOC was associated with psychological well-being, healthy behaviors, and good health. Although the cross-cultural nature of SOC is supported, there is limited research exploring SOC in Asian cultures. Understanding how people orient themselves toward health and leveraging this in the development of health interventions within the unique cultural context of India is necessary. The current paper will review the theory of salutogensis and SOC concept, the measurement of SOC, the relationship between SOC, chronic illnesses, and culture, concluding with suggestions for possible areas of SOC research in India.
Psychological health of caregivers of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional comparative study
Authors: Jorwal Pankaj , Verma Rohit , Balhara Yatan 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Introduction: The quality-of-life in individuals with diabetes is also dependent upon the quality of family relationships and general well-being of caregivers because the patient depends on them to uphold in the community. Only limited studies have assessed the psychological health of caregivers to individuals with diabetes. Aims and Objective: The current study aims at comparison of depression and anxiety levels among patients with diabetes and their caregivers. Materials and Methods: Fifty consecutive patients-care giver dyads of subjects having type 2 diabetes were recruited at an out-patient clinic of medicine at a tertiary care center. The dyads were assessed using a semi-structured proforma for the socio-demographic details and for anxiety and depression levels using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The data were analyzed using SPSS version 17.0. Correlation analysis was performed for multiple variables including blood glucose profile. Results: The mean duration of illness (4.93 ΁ 3.53 years) and blood glucose parameters were not found to be associated to depressive or anxiety symptoms. Depressive and anxiety disorder was observed in 24% and 44% of patients and 10% and 18% of caregivers, respectively. Patients had significantly more HADS anxiety (HADS-A) scale scores than caregivers but not for HADS depression (HADS-D) scale. Female patients were found to be having more HADS-D scores than male patients (P = 0.02), but were not significantly different from caregivers. HADS-A scores were comparable among male and female gender in intragroup as well as intergroup comparison for patient and caregiver groups. Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus affects the psychological health of not only the patients but as well as the family caregivers and patients tend to be more anxious than the caregivers. Furthermore, it was seen that women with diabetes had higher rates of depression than their male counterparts.
ANALYSIS OF CARBON BLACK–REINFORCED CARDANOL-MODIFIED NATURAL RUBBER COMPOUNDS
Authors: Mohapatra Sunita , Nando Golok Bihari 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT
Carbon black is advantageous for rubber as a reinforcing filler. Carbon blacks at higher loadings require process aids for easier processing and improved filler dispersion. Aromatic oils have been used so far in the rubber industry as plasticizer and process aids. The presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in these oils has raised concerns, and they have been banned. Rubber industries are looking for alternate sources of process aids from renewable resources. Cardanol (m-pentadecenyl phenol), an agricultural by-product of the cashew industry, is cheap and abundantly available. It was proved recently to be a plasticizer and a multifunctional additive. The dispersion of carbon black in natural rubber (NR) grafted chemically with cardanol (CGNR) is investigated and compared with that of oil plasticized natural rubber. The physico-mechanical properties of the carbon black–filled CGNR vulcanizates are better than that of the aromatic oil plasticized NR vulcanizates. The cross-link density and bound rubber content are higher and the Payne effect is lower for the carbon black–filled CGNR vulcanizates as compared with oil plasticized NR vulcanizates. Dispersion of carbon black in the CGNR matrix is uniform and better than the aromatic oil plasticized NR.
Image de marque et internet. Comprendre, éviter et gérer l’effet « Streisand »
Authors: Liarte Sébastien 
Published: March 2015

Afin de gérer leur image de marque, les entreprises peuvent contrôler toutes les informations les concernant. Cette volonté peut aller jusqu’à influencer les informations disponibles sur Internet. Dans ce cas, un processus contre-productif, l’effet « Streisand », peut s’enclencher. Ce processus aboutit à une plus grande diffusion d’une information qui serait restée confidentielle sur Internet, s’il n’y avait pas eu la volonté de la manipuler, voire de la retirer. La présentation de cet effet, à travers trois cas réels rencontrés par Ralph Lauren, General Mills et Nestlé, permet d’illustrer ce processus. Ces cas soulignent les limites des réponses communicationnelles et juridiques classiques, tout en apportant des réponses visant à gérer au mieux cet effet. Enfin, l’impact de l’effet « Streisand » sur les performances de l’entreprise et de son image de marque est souligné.
Properties of Jupiter's magnetospheric turbulence observed by the Galileo spacecraft
Authors: Tao Chihiro , Sahraoui Fouad , Fontaine Dominique , de Patoul Judith , Chust Thomas , Kasahara Satoshi , Retinò Alessandro 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIn collisionless plasmas, turbulence is thought to play an important role in mass transport and energy dissipation. Magnetic fluctuations in the Jovian magnetosphere are essential in a turbulent state. Previous studies of that turbulence have focused on the large scales using low time resolution of magnetic field data. Here we extend those studies to cover a wider range of scales by combining both low and high‐time‐resolution data of Galileo magnetometer. We use particle data from the plasma instrument and include energetic particle contributions to estimate the local plasma parameters. We obtain 11 power spectra of magnetic field in the frequency range of 10−4–1 Hz, which covers both magnetohydrodynamics and ion kinetic scales. The frequencies of the evidenced spectral breaks are found to be relatively well correlated with the characteristic scales of heavy ion. The spectral indices below and above the spectral breaks are found to be broad and cover the ranges of 0.6–1.9 and 1.7–2.5, respectively. An analysis of higher‐order statistics shows an intermittent feature of the turbulence, found to be more prominent in the plasma sheet than in the lobe. Furthermore, a statistical survey of the power of the fluctuations using low‐time‐resolution data suggests a radially varying dawn‐dusk asymmetry: the total power is larger in the duskside (dawnside) at <50 RJ (>80 RJ), which would reflect flow shear and global magnetospheric activity.
On the incident solar radiation in CMIP5 models
Authors: Zhou Linjiong , Zhang Minghua , Bao Qing , Liu Yimin 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAnnual incident solar radiation at the top of atmosphere should be independent of longitudes. However, in many Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) models, we find that the incident radiation exhibited zonal oscillations, with up to 30 W/m2 of spurious variations. This feature can affect the interpretation of regional climate and diurnal variation of CMIP5 results. This oscillation is also found in the Community Earth System Model. We show that this feature is caused by temporal sampling errors in the calculation of the solar zenith angle. The sampling error can cause zonal oscillations of surface clear‐sky net shortwave radiation of about 3 W/m2 when an hourly radiation time step is used and 24 W/m2 when a 3 h radiation time step is used.
Rayleigh wave dispersion measurements reveal low‐velocity zones beneath the new crust in the Gulf of California
Authors: Persaud Patricia , Di Luccio Francesca , Clayton Robert W. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractRayleigh wave tomography provides images of the shallow mantle shear wave velocity structure beneath the Gulf of California. Low‐velocity zones (LVZs) are found on axis between 26 and 50 km depth beneath the Guaymas Basin but mostly off axis under the other rift basins, with the largest feature underlying the Ballenas Transform Fault. We interpret the broadly distributed LVZs as regions of partial melting in a solid mantle matrix. The pathway for melt migration and focusing is more complex than an axis‐centered source aligned above a deeper region of mantle melt and likely reflects the magmatic evolution of rift segments. We also consider the existence of solid lower continental crust in the Gulf north of the Guaymas Basin, where the association of the LVZs with asthenospheric upwelling suggests lateral flow assisted by a heat source. These results provide key constraints for numerical models of mantle upwelling and melt focusing in this young oblique rift.
Expression, Receptor Binding, and Biophysical Characterization of Guinea Pig Insulin desB30: A Monomeric Insulin Variant
Authors: Engholm Ebbe , Hansen Thomas H. , Johansson Eva , Strauss Holger M. , Vinther Tine N. , Jensen Knud J. , Hubálek Frantisek , Kjeldsen Thomas B. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractHere we report, for the first time, the heterologous expression of desB30 guinea pig insulin (GI desB30) in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The affinities of GI desB30 for the insulin receptor A and the IGF‐I receptor were also quantified for the first time. Small‐angle X‐ray scattering and analytical ultracentrifugation studies confirmed that GI desB30 did not form dimers or hexamers, in contrast to human insulin. Sizeexclusion chromatography connected to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry revealed that GI desB30 has affinity towards several divalent metal ions. These studies did not indicate the formation of any larger structures of GI desB30 in the presence of various divalent metal ions, but did indicate that GI desB30 has an affinity towards Mn, Co, and Cu ions. Finally, the low affinity for the insulin receptor and the very low affinity for the IGF‐I receptor by GI desB30 were quantified.
Bed Pressure Drop in a Draft‐Tube Conical Spouted Bed for Thermal Treatment of Wastes
Authors: José María J. San , Alvarez Sonia 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAn experimental study of operating bed pressure drop was performed in thermal treatment of coarse waste particles of different size, density, and sphericity in conical spouted beds by introducing a nonporous draft tube. The influence of introducing a nonporous draft tube as well as of operating conditions on bed pressure drop was determined. Bed pressure drop in conical spouted beds with a nonporous draft tube was found to be lower than that without any device, which allows for saving operating costs. The most important factor influencing the bed pressure drop was the stagnant bed height. The bed pressure drop was reduced when stagnant bed height, particle density, particle sphericity or inlet gas temperature were decreased. Likewise, the bigger the particle diameter, the lower was the bed pressure drop.
Lithium Alanates as Negative Electrodes in Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Silvestri Laura , Forgia Simona , Farina Luca , Meggiolaro Daniele , Panero Stefania , La Barbera Aurelio , Brutti Sergio , Reale Priscilla 
Published: March 2015

AbstractHydride conversion reactions have been recently proposed and verified experimentally on simple binary and ternary H‐containing materials. Herein, we show for the first time the incorporation of lithium alanates, that is, LiAlH4 and Li3AlH6, as active materials in negative electrodes in rechargeable lithium cells. Samples were prepared by mechanochemical treatment. Characterization of the samples was performed by X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy. Analysis of the electrochemical features of the conversion process was performed by potentiodynamic cycling with galvanostatic acceleration in close comparison with computational data obtained by density functional theory with the use of pseudopotentials and planewaves. The occurrence of the conversion reactions was proved by ex situ synchrotron radiation diffraction experiments. As a final point, the stability of the electrolyte/electrode interface over time was evaluated by impendence spectroscopy and attenuated total reflectance Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy.