bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
School‐based racial segregation, social support, and late‐life cognitive function in the Study of Healthy Aging in African Americans (STAR)
Authors: Gutierrez Sirena , Whitmer Rachel A. , Soh Yenee , Peterson Rachel , George Kristen M. , Lor Yi , Barnes Lisa L. , Mayeda Elizabeth Rose , Allen Isabel E. , Torres Jacqueline M. , Glymour M. Maria , Gilsanz Paola 
Published: July 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONSchool‐based social support for Black students may mediate or modify the association between school segregation and late‐life cognition.METHODSStudy of Healthy Aging in African Americans participants (n = 574) reported segregated school attendance and school‐based social support. Associations of segregated schooling with domain‐specific cognitive outcomes and effect modification or mediation by school‐based social support were evaluated with linear mixed models.RESULTSSegregated school attendance was associated with increased likelihood of school‐based social support. Segregated (vs. desegregated in 6th grade) school attendance was associated with lower executive function (β = −0.18 [−0.34, −0.02]) and semantic memory z‐scores (β = −0.31 [−0.48, −0.13]). Social support did not mediate these associations. Estimates for segregated school attendance were attenuated among those who felt supported, although there was limited evidence of statistically significant effect modification.DISCUSSIONEarly‐childhood school segregation was associated with poorer cognitive function. Sources of resilience within racialized educational experiences should be further evaluated to bridge inequities.Highlights
School segregation is a form of structural racism that affected the educational experiences of Black youth with potentially lasting consequences for healthy brain aging.
Black students who attended a segregated school experienced greater school‐based social support, which may highlight a potential source of resilience and resistance against the effects of racism‐related stressors on cognitive function.
The estimated adverse association between attending a segregated school on cognition was larger for students without an adult at school who cared about them versus those with an adult at school who cared about them, but estimates were imprecise.
Low‐Dispersity Polymers via Free Radical Alternating Copolymerization: Effects of Charge‐Transfer‐Complexes
Authors: Gu Yu , Zhang Zexi , Gao Tianyi , Gómez‐Bombarelli Rafael , Chen Mao 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAlternating copolymers are crucial for diverse applications. While dispersity (Ð, also known as molecular weight distribution, MWD) influences the properties of polymers, achieving low dispersities in alternating copolymers poses a notable challenge via free radical polymerizations (FRPs). In this work, we demonstrated an unexpected discovery that dispersities are affected by the participation of charge transfer complexes (CTCs) formed between monomer pairs during free radical alternating copolymerization, which have inspired the successful synthesis of various alternating copolymers with low dispersities (>30 examples, Ð=1.13–1.39) under visible‐light irradiation. The synthetic method is compatible with binary, ternary and quaternary alternating copolymerizations and is expandable for both fluorinated and non‐fluorinated monomer pairs. DFT calculations combined with model experiments indicated that CTC‐absent reaction exhibits higher propagation rates and affords fewer radical terminations, which could contribute to low dispersities. Based on the integration of Monte Carlo simulation and Bayesian optimization, we established the relationship map between FRP parameter space and dispersity, further suggested the correlation between low dispersities and higher propagation rates. Our research sheds light on dispersity control via FRPs and creates a novel platform to investigate polymer dispersity through machine learning.
Multifunctional Self‐Assembled Bio‐Interfacial Layers for High‐Performance Zinc Metal Anodes
Authors: Lu Jiahui , Wang Tianyi , Yang Jian , Shen Xin , Pang Huan , Sun Bing , Wang Guoxiu , Wang Chengyin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRechargeable aqueous zinc‐ion (Zn‐ion) batteries are widely regarded as important candidates for next‐generation energy storage systems for low‐cost renewable energy storage. However, the development of Zn‐ion batteries is currently facing significant challenges due to uncontrollable Zn dendrite growth and severe parasitic reactions on Zn metal anodes. Herein, we report an effective strategy to improve the performance of aqueous Zn‐ion batteries by leveraging the self‐assembly of bovine serum albumin (BSA) into a bilayer configuration on Zn metal anodes. BSA′s hydrophilic and hydrophobic fragments form unique and intelligent ion channels, which regulate the migration of Zn ions and facilitate their desolvation process, significantly diminishing parasitic reactions on Zn anodes and leading to a uniform Zn deposition along the Zn (002) plane. Notably, the Zn||Zn symmetric cell with BSA as the electrolyte additive demonstrated a stable cycling performance for up to 2400 hours at a high current density of 10 mA cm−2. This work demonstrates the pivotal role of self‐assembled protein bilayer structures in improving the durability of Zn anodes in aqueous Zn‐ion batteries.
Cu‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Borylative Desymmetrization of 1‐Vinyl Cyclobutanols and Axial‐to‐Point Chirality Transfer in a Diastereoconvergent/Stereoretentive Allylation Scenery
Authors: Hurtado Josebe , Iragorri Nerea , Reyes Efraim , Vicario Jose L. , Fernández Elena 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCu‐catalyzed asymmetric allylic borylation of 3,3’‐disubstituted 1‐vinylcyclobutan‐1‐ols renders axially chiral allylborane systems, with high asymmetric induction for both enantiomers, by precise selection of the cis or trans substrate. The enantioenriched alkylidenecyclobutanes served as chiral platform to prove the conceptually challenging transference of the axial‐to‐point chirality through two new stereocenters and one pseudoasymmetric carbon generated via diastereoconvergent allylation of aldehydes, without enantioselective erosion.
Deciphering Pauling's Third Rule: Uncovering Strong Anharmonicity and Exceptionally Low Thermal Conductivity in TlAgSe for Thermoelectrics
Authors: Pathak Riddhimoy , Paul Sayan , Das Subarna , Das Anustoop , Pati Swapan K. , Biswas Kanishka 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe elucidation of chemical bonding, coupled with an exploration of the correlated dynamics of constituent atoms, is essential for unravelling the underlying mechanism responsible for low lattice thermal conductivity (κL) exhibited by a crystalline solid, which is essential for thermoelectrics and thermal barrier coatings. In this regard, Pauling's third empirical rule, which deals with the cationic repulsion due to proximity in the face or edge shared polyhedra in a crystal structure, can bring about the lattice instability required to suppress the κL. Here, we demonstrate the presence of such instability in a ternary selenide, TlAgSe, leading to a ultra‐low κL of 0.17 W/m.K at 573 K. Our study reveals the instability arising from Ag−Ag repulsion within edge‐shared AgSe4 tetrahedra through investigation of the local structure using synchrotron X‐ray pair distribution function (PDF) analysis and supported by first‐principles density functional theory calculations. We observe correlation between weakening in the Ag and the Tl‐sublattice, providing direct experimental evidence of Pauling's third empirical rule. The correlated rattling of Ag and Tl induces a highly anharmonic lattice and low energy optical phonons, resulting in suppressed sound velocity and ultralow κL in TlAgSe. The electronic origin of soft and anharmonic lattice is the presence of filled antibonding states in the valence band near the Fermi level constructed by Ag(4d)−Se(4p) and Tl(6s)−Se(4p) interactions. This work demonstrates that the evidence of dynamic distortion in a crystal lattice is governed by the third empirical rule given by Pauling, which can act as a potential new strategy for diminishing κL in crystalline solids.
Electrolyte Composition‐Dependent Product Selectivity in CO2 Reduction with a Porphyrinic Metal–Organic Framework Catalyst
Authors: Pu Si‐Hua , Huang Tao , Si Duan‐Hui , Sun Meng‐Jiao , Wang Wen‐Wen , Zhang Teng , Cao Rong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA copper porphyrin‐derived metal–organic framework electrocatalyst, FICN‐8, was synthesized and its catalytic activity for CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) was investigated. FICN‐8 selectively catalyzed electrochemical reduction of CO2 to CO in anhydrous acetonitrile electrolyte. However, formic acid became the dominant CO2RR product with the addition of a proton source to the system. Mechanistic studies revealed the change of major reduction pathway upon proton source addition, while catalyst‐bound hydride (*H) species was proposed as the key intermediate for formic acid production. This work highlights the importance of electrolyte composition on CO2RR product selectivity.
Regulating chondrocyte senescence through substrate stiffness modulation
Authors: Wang Juan , Dai Juan , Shen Xingyu , Zhu Jianfei , Pang Xiangchao , Lin Zhaowei , Tang Bin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractChondrocytes, the resident cells of articular cartilage, play a vital role in tissue maintenance and regeneration. Recent studies have highlighted chondrocyte senescence as a key contributor to cartilage dysfunction. In this study, we investigated the influence of substrate stiffness on chondrocyte senescence using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates with varying stiffness ratios (1:5, 1:20, and 1:60). After culturing chondrocytes on these substrates, we found that softer substrates (1:60) significantly reduced chondrocyte senescence, as evidenced by a decrease in senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase (SA‐β‐gal) activity by 33% compared with stiffer substrates (1:5). Furthermore, quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis revealed that chondrocytes cultured on softer substrates exhibited lower expression levels of senescence‐related genes (e.g., p16INK4a) and matrix‐degrading enzymes (e.g., MMP13). These findings suggest that substrate stiffness plays a critical role in regulating chondrocyte senescence and could potentially inform the design of scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering.
CAPE derivatives: Multifaceted agents for chronic wound healing
Authors: Balaha Marwa , Cataldi Amelia , Ammazzalorso Alessandra , Cacciatore Ivana , De Filippis Barbara , Di Stefano Antonio , Maccallini Cristina , Rapino Monica , Korona‐Glowniak Izabela , Przekora Agata , di Giacomo Viviana 
Published: July 2024

AbstractChronic wounds significantly impact the patients' quality of life, creating an urgent interdisciplinary clinical challenge. The development of novel agents capable of accelerating the healing process is essential. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) has demonstrated positive effects on skin regeneration. However, its susceptibility to degradation limits its pharmaceutical application. Chemical modification of the structure improves the pharmacokinetics of this bioactive phenol. Hence, two novel series of CAPE hybrids were designed, synthesized, and investigated as potential skin regenerative agents. To enhance the stability and therapeutic efficacy, a caffeic acid frame was combined with quinolines or isoquinolines by an ester (1a–f) or an amide linkage (2a–f). The effects on cell viability of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) and HaCaT cells were evaluated at different concentrations; they are not cytotoxic, and some proved to stimulate cell proliferation. The most promising compounds underwent a wound‐healing assay in HGFs and HaCaT at the lowest concentrations. Antimicrobial antioxidant properties were also explored. The chemical and thermal stabilities of the best compounds were assessed. In silico predictions were employed to anticipate skin penetration capabilities. Our findings highlight the therapeutic potential of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) derivatives 1a and 1d as skin regenerative agents, being able to stimulate cell proliferation, control bacterial growth, regulate ROS levels, and being thermally and chemically stable. An interesting structure–activity relationship was discussed to suggest a promising multitargeted approach for enhanced wound healing.
A metabolomics study on the mechanisms of Gardeniae fructus against α‐naphthylisothiocyanate‐induced cholestatic liver injury
Authors: Cao Yangang , Li Shujing , Zhang Zhenkai , Zeng Mengnan , Zheng Xiaoke , Feng Weisheng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGardeniae fructus (GF) is known for its various beneficial effects on cholestatic liver injury (CLI). However, the biological mechanisms through which GF regulates CLI have not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to explore the potential mechanisms of GF against α‐naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT)‐induced CLI. First, HPLC technology was used to analyze the chemical profile of the GF extract. Second, the effects of GF on serum biochemical indicators and liver histopathology were examined. Lastly, metabolomics was utilized to study the changes in liver metabolites and clarify the associated metabolic pathways. In chemical analysis, 10 components were identified in the GF extract. GF treatment regulated serum biochemical indicators in ANIT‐induced CLI model rats and alleviated liver histological damage. Metabolomics identified 26 endogenous metabolites as biomarkers of ANIT‐induced CLI, with 23 biomarkers returning to normal levels, particularly involving primary bile acid biosynthesis, glycerophospholipid metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, and arachidonic acid metabolism. GF shows promise in alleviating ANIT‐induced CLI by modulating multiple pathways.
Underrecognition of migraine‐related stigmatizing attitudes and social burden: Results of the OVERCOME Japan study
Authors: Igarashi Hisaka , Komori Mika , Ueda Kaname , Zagar Anthony J. , Jaffe Dena H. , Matsumori Yasuhiko , Takeshima Takao , Hirata Koichi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionMigraine‐related stigma (MiRS) and social burden is increasingly recognized. We assessed perspectives and attitudes toward migraine in people with and without migraine in Japan.MethodsOVERCOME (Japan) was a cross‐sectional, population‐based web survey of people with and without migraine (July−September 2020). People with migraine were individuals who met the modified International Classification of Headache Disorders criteria or had self‐reported physician‐diagnosed migraine. People without migraine were selected per quota sampling to represent the Japanese adult population. People with migraine reported their experiences on stigma and social burden and answered how frequently they experienced stigma using the MiRS questionnaire. Associations between MiRS and disability and MiRS and interictal burden were examined using the migraine disability assessment and Migraine Interictal Burden Scale‐4. People without migraine reported their experiences and attitudes toward people with migraine by answering an 11‐item attitudinal migraine questionnaire.ResultsA total of 17,071 and 2008 people with and without migraine, respectively, completed the survey. Overall, 11,228 (65.8%) respondents with migraine reported that they have never experienced stigma or burden; however, of the 12,383 employed respondents, 5841 (47.2%) reported that their current employers are not “extremely” or “very” understanding about their conditions. Moreover, ∼30%−40% of respondents “sometimes,” “often,” or “very often” hid their migraine from others. The proportion of respondents who experienced stigma often or very often, as assessed by MiRS, was 16.5%; this increased with the increasing number of monthly migraine headache days. The proportion of respondents with moderate‐to‐severe disability and interictal burden increased with increasing stigma. Among respondents without migraine, the proportion holding a stigmatizing attitude toward those with migraine was low (<15%); ∼80% had never experienced work‐ or family‐related stigma or burden.ConclusionMiRS and burden exist but may be hidden and underrecognized in Japan. Disease awareness and education may be important to prevent and reduce stigma and burden.
Enhanced production of isobutyl and isoamyl acetate using Yarrowia lipolytica
Authors: Koshiba Ayumi , Nakano Mariko , Hirata Yuuki , Konishi Rie , Matsuoka Yuta , Miwa Yuta , Mori Ayana , Kondo Akihiko , Tanaka Tsutomu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractShort‐chain esters, particularly isobutyl acetate and isoamyl acetate, hold significant industrial value due to their wide‐ranging applications in flavors, fragrances, solvents, and biofuels. In this study, we demonstrated the biosynthesis of acetate esters using Yarrowia lipolytica as a host by feeding alcohols to the yeast culture. Initially, we screened for optimal alcohol acyltransferases for ester biosynthesis in Y. lipolytica. Strains of Y. lipolytica expressing atf1 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, produced 251 or 613 mg/L of isobutyl acetate or of isoamyl acetate, respectively. We found that introducing additional copies of ATF1 enhanced ester production. Furthermore, by increasing the supply of acetyl‐CoA and refining the culture conditions, we achieved high production of isoamyl acetate, reaching titers of 3404 mg/L. We expanded our study to include the synthesis of a range of acetate esters, facilitated by enriching the culture medium with various alcohols. This study underscores the versatility and potential of Y. lipolytica in the industrial production of acetate esters.
Pyrazole, Pyrazoline, and Fused Pyrazole Derivatives: New Horizons in EGFR‐Targeted Anticancer Agents
Authors: Hosamani Ketan R , K Hemalatha , Pal Rohit , Matada Gurubasavaraja Swamy Purawarga , B Kumaraswamy , I Aayishamma , Aishwarya Nimmagadda Venkata Satya Sai 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPyrazole and its derivatives remain popular heterocycles in drug research, design, and development. Several drugs include the pyrazole scaffold, such as ramifenazone, ibipinabant, antipyrine, and axitinib, etc. They have been extensively studied by the scientific community and are said to have a wide range of biological activity, especially anticancer agents targeting EGFR. Overexpression of EGFR signalling promotes tumor growth by inhibiting apoptosis. EGFR dysfunction has been described in multiple cancers, including colon, head and neck, NSCLC, colon, liver, breast, and ovarian cancer. As a result, EGFR represents a prospective target for cancer treatment. Several anti‐EGFR drugs are thriving, notably dacomitinib, afatinib, erlotinib, gefitinib, and osimertinib. However, almost all currently available anti‐EGFR drugs have limited therapeutic effectiveness due to a lack of selectivity as well as substantial side effects. Furthermore, aberrant EGFR signalling across numerous human malignancies/carcinomas is impeded by gene amplification, protein overexpression, mutations, or in‐frame deletions, making EGFR‐induced cancer treatment challenging. To overcome such, novel therapeutic anti‐EGFR drugs with high efficacy and minimal toxicity are required. To battle cancer and therapeutic resistance to EGFR inhibitors, pyrazole, pyrazoline, and their derivatives have been investigated as a viable pharmacophore for the development of new drugs with better potency, lesser toxicity, and favourable pharmacokinetic characteristics. The present investigation covers the examination of progress toward anti‐cancer therapies targeting EGFR via pyrazole, pyrazoline, and fused pyrazole‐based compounds. The current study also represents inclusive data on pyrazole‐based marketed drugs as well as therapeutic candidates undergoing preclinical and clinical development. Lastly, we have discussed recent advances in the medicinal chemistry of pyrazole‐based derivatives with their anti‐EGFR significance for the eradication of various cancers and provide the direction toward structure‐activity relationship (SAR), including mechanistic studies.
Senolytic Prodrugs: A Promising Approach to Enhancing Senescence‐Targeting Intervention
Authors: Chang Mengyang , Dong Yue , Cruickshank‐Taylor Alexis B. , Gnawali Giri , Bi Fangchao , Wang Wei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCellular senescence has emerged as a potential therapeutic target for aging and a wide range of age‐related disorders. Despite the encouraging therapeutic impact of senolytic agents on improving lifespan and the outcomes of pharmacological intervention, the senolytic induced side effects pose barriers to clinical application. There is a pressing need for selective ablation of senescent cells (SnCs). The design of senolytic prodrugs has been demonstrated as a promising approach to addressing these issues. These prodrugs are generally designed via modification of senolytics with a cleavable galactose moiety to respond to the senescent biomarker ‐ senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase (SA‐β‐gal) to restore their therapeutic effects. In this Concept, we summarize the developments by categorizing these prodrugs into two classes: 1) galactose‐modified senolytic prodrugs, in which sensing unit galactose is either directly conjugated to the drug or via a self‐immolative linker and 2) bioorthogonal activation of senolytic prodrugs. In the bioorthogonal prodrug design, galactose is incorporated into dihydrotetrazine to sense SA‐β‐gal for click activation. Notably, in addition to repurposed chemotherapeutics and small molecule inhibitors, PROTACs and photodynamic therapy have been introduced as new senolytics in the prodrug design. It is expected that the senolytic prodrugs would facilitate translating small‐molecule senolytics into clinical use.