bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal cost‐effective topology of column bearings for reducing vertical acceleration demands in multistory base‐isolated buildings
Authors: Unal Mehmet , Warn Gordon P. 
Published: November 2013

SUMMARYBase‐isolation is regarded as one of the most effective methods for protecting the structural and nonstructural building elements from design level horizontal earthquake ground shaking. However, base‐isolation as currently practiced does not offer unlimited protection for these buildings, especially when the ground shaking includes a strong vertical component. The vulnerability of nonstructural systems in a base‐isolated building was made evident during recent shake table testing of a full‐scale five‐story base‐isolated steel moment frame where nonstructural system damage was observed following tests including vertical excitation. Past research efforts have attempted to achieve 3D isolation of buildings and nuclear structures by concentrating both the horizontal and vertical flexibility at the base of the building that are either quite limited or not economically viable. An approach whereby the vertical flexibility is distributed up the height of the building superstructure to passively reduce vertical acceleration demands in base‐isolated buildings is presented. The vertical flexibility is achieved by placing laterally restrained elastomeric ‘column’ bearings at one or more floor levels along the height of the building. To broadly investigate the efficacy of the vertically distributed flexibility concept and the trade‐off between mitigation and cost, a multi‐objective optimization study was conducted considering 3‐story, 9‐story, and 20‐story archetype buildings that aimed to minimize the median peak vertical floor acceleration demands and to minimize the direct cost of column bearings. Based on the results of the optimization study, a practical rule for determining the number of levels and locations of column bearings is proposed and evaluated. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exact outage analysis of underlay cooperative cognitive networks with maximum transmit‐and‐interference power constraints and erroneous channel information
Authors: Ho‐Van Khuong 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis paper presents exact analysis of interference probability and outage probability of underlay cooperative cognitive networks under quite general conditions such as imperfect channel information, maximum transmit‐and‐interference power constraints, correlation among received signal‐to‐noise ratios and non identically distributed fading channels. In addition, asymptotic outage analysis at either large maximum transmit power or large maximum interference power is proposed to have useful insights into performance limits of underlay cooperative cognitive networks. Analytical results reveal that underlay cooperative cognitive networks dramatically suffer outage saturation phenomenon, and saturation degree significantly depends on channel estimation quality. Moreover, the performance of both licenced network in terms of interference probability and unlicenced network in terms of outage probability is considerably deteriorated by channel estimation error. Furthermore, optimum relay position is dependent of several factors such as maximum transmit power, maximum interference power, licensee position and channel estimation quality. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
M2M access performance in LTE‐A system
Authors: Yang Bo , Zhu Guangxi , Wu Weimin , Gao Youjun 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTMachine‐type communication emerges recently as a solution to cater for ubiquitous connections between a diversity of devices and the public wireless data networks. Long Term Evolution Advanced system introduces machine to machine (M2M) communication as an important part of realising the blueprint of smart cities. To bring M2M communication into reality, the access procedure is a key problem. Massive access requests on the air interface in M2M communication make the communication scenarios significantly different from the traditional communications, which challenges the cellular access mechanism greatly. In this paper, the challenges of applying M2M through Long Term Evolution Advanced system are discussed. We model the access on the air interface as a queuing system. The queuing theory indicates that the system is not stable when the occupation rate is high. The access performance of M2M is evaluated by system level simulation, which shows that the congestion on the air interface is very serious in some application cases. To ease the congestion on the air interface, this paper proposes a bundling transmission scheme. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CANDi: context‐aware node discovery for short‐range cooperation
Authors: Alam Muhammad , Albano Michele , Radwan Ayman , Rodriguez Jonathan 
Published: November 2013

AbstractMulti‐standard mobile devices are allowing users to enjoy higher data rates with ubiquitous connectivity. However, the benefits gained from multiple interfaces come at an expense—that being higher energy consumption in an era where mobile devices need to be energy compliant. One promising solution is the usage of short‐range cooperative communication as an overlay for infrastructure‐based networks taking advantage of its context information. However, the node discovery mechanism, which is pivotal to the bearer establishment process, still represents a major burden in terms of the total energy budget. In this paper, we propose a technology agnostic approach towards enhancing the MAC energy ratings by presenting a context‐aware node discovery (CANDi) algorithm, which provides a priori knowledge towards the node discovery mechanism by allowing it to search nodes in the near vicinity at the ‘right time and at the right place’. We describe the different beacons required for establishing the cooperation, as well as the context information required, including battery level, modes, location and so on. CANDi uses the long‐range network (WiMAX and WiFi) to distribute the context information about cooperative clusters (Ultra‐wideband‐based) in the vicinity. The searching nodes can use this context in locating the cooperative clusters/nodes, which facilitates the establishing of short‐range connections. Analytical and simulation results are obtained, and the energy saving gains are further demonstrated in the laboratory using a customised testbed. CANDi saves up to 50% energy during the node discovery process, while the demonstrative testbed shows up to 75% savings in the total energy budget, thus validating the algorithm, as well as providing viable evidence to support the usage of short‐range cooperative communications for energy savings. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dentate gyrus mediates cognitive function in the Ts65Dn/DnJ mouse model of down syndrome
Authors: Smith Genevieve K. , Kesner Raymond P. , Korenberg Julie R. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn the Ts65Dn/DnJ mouse model of Down syndrome (DS), hippocampal deficits of learning and memory are the most robust features supporting this mouse as a valid cognitive model of DS. Although dentate gyrus (DG) dysfunction is suggested by excessive GABAergic inhibition, its role in perturbing DG functions in DS is unknown. We hypothesize that in the Ts65Dn/DnJ mouse, the specific role of the DG is disturbed in its support of contextual and spatial information. Support for this hypothesis comes from rats with DG lesions that show similar deficits. In order to test this hypothesis, we have developed a novel series of spontaneous exploratory tasks that emphasize the importance of recognizing spatial and contextual cues and that involve DG function. The results with this exploratory battery show that Ts65Dn/DnJ mice are impaired in DG‐dependent short‐term recognition tests involving object recognition with contextual cues, in place recognition and in metric distance recognition relative to wild type littermate controls. Further, whereas Ts65Dn/DnJ mice can recognize object novelty in the absence of contextual cues after a 5‐min delay, they cannot do so after a delay of 24 h, suggesting a problem with CA1‐mediated consolidation. The results also show that Ts65Dn/DnJ mice are not impaired in tasks (object recognition and configural object recognition) that are mediated by the perirhinal cortex (PRh). These results implicate the DG as a specific therapeutic target and the PRh as a potential therapeutic strength for future research to ameliorate learning and memory in DS. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A REALIST EVALUATION OF THE PROCESSES AND OUTCOMES OF INFANT MASSAGE PROGRAMS
Authors: Underdown Angela , Norwood Rhonda , Barlow Jane 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThe sensitivity of early interactions conveyed through eye contact, voice tone, facial expression, and gentle touch plays a crucial role in healthy development. Recognition of the importance of parent–infant interaction for later attachment has underpinned the search for innovative ways of promoting sensitive parent–infant interaction. One such early intervention is infant massage, but a recent review found no evidence of its effectiveness in population samples. This points to the need to identify which parent–infant dyads are potentially able to benefit from such an intervention. This study aimed to identify the contextual factors and program mechanisms that were associated with different outcomes for a group of mother–infant dyads who attended infant massage programs. A Realist mixed‐methods research design was used to identify the context, mechanism, and outcome (CMO) patterns across a sample of 39 mother–infant dyads attending infant massage programs. A range of quantitative measures (Working Model of the Child Interview, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, and video recordings of mother–infant interaction coded with the CARE‐Index) were administered pre‐ and post‐intervention, alongside qualitative observations and interviews with a range of stakeholders. Three key CMO patterns were identified. Women categorized as “low” risk on the whole showed no change in parent–infant interaction (i.e., because they were already in the adequate range) and limited change in levels of depression, irrespective of the quality of the program attended. Mothers who were categorized as being at “moderate” risk (i.e., they had one to two risk factors over and above their demographic risk) appeared to require “good” quality programs (seven or more program mechanisms) for change to occur. Mothers categorized as being at “high risk” showed no benefits irrespective of the quality of the program, and there was evidence of unresponsive mothers becoming more intrusive. These findings suggest that infant massage programs should be targeted at parents experiencing moderate problems in terms of parent–infant interaction, and that primary care professionals working in a range of settings need the skills to identify such compromised parenting to do this. High‐risk mothers appear unlikely to benefit from infant massage alone. Rigorous randomized controlled trial (RCT) evidence is needed to test the hypotheses raised by this study.
A retrospective performance evaluation of an adenovirus real‐time PCR assay
Authors: Alsaleh Asma N. , Grimwood Keith , Sloots Theo P. , Whiley David M. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractHuman adenoviruses (AdVs) cause a wide range of diseases. To date, there are at least 60 known human AdV types and, as these exhibit high levels of genetic variation this could impact potentially upon their detection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based technology. Here, the sensitivity of a pan‐AdV real‐time PCR assay (AdV‐PCR) used widely for testing clinical samples was determined retrospectively. An in silico analysis was performed initially using the 370 AdV sequences available on the Genbank database. To investigate for potential false‐negative results, two additional AdV‐PCR assays were used to re‐evaluate 779 respiratory samples submitted for virus testing and 1,012 nasal swab samples collected as part of an ongoing community‐based study. The results were then compared to those obtained by AdV‐PCR. In silico analysis showed the presence of mismatches in the AdV‐PCR primers and probe for most AdV sequences available on Genbank. Notably, 215 of the 370 (58%) sequences had at least three mismatches with the AdV‐PCR forward primer. Of the 779 clinical samples, 88 were identified as AdV‐positive, of which 84 were positive by the AdV‐PCR. The four samples providing false‐negative results in the AdV‐PCR had high cycle threshold values in the other methods suggesting that sampling at low load, rather than sequence variation, was responsible for the negative results. No false‐negative AdV‐PCR results were observed for the community‐based study samples. Reassuringly, the results show that despite the high level of sequence variation in the AdV‐PCR assay oligonucleotide targets, the assay remains suitable for routine detection of human AdV strains. J. Med. Virol. 86:795–801, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of cleaning and sanitization agents on the surface characteristics of new and extended‐wear produce picking bins
Authors: Talbert Joey N , Seto Kayla , Cotter John , McLandsborough Lynne , Goddard Julie M 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDAlthough surface characteristics of food contact materials are known to alter the efficacy of cleaning procedures there is a lack of data establishing how cleaning/sanitization practices affect the surface characteristics of materials used for produce handling on‐farm. The overall objective of this work was to characterize the effects of cleaning and sanitization procedures on the surface properties of new and extended‐wear polyethylene bins used for produce harvest and handling.RESULTSCompared to detergent cleaned samples, chlorine and quaternary ammonium sanitization resulted in a decrease in advancing contact angle from 100° to 88° and 59°, respectively, after 2 min exposure. However, changes in surface chemistry were not observed. Increasing sanitization time to 144 min (representative of 4320 sanitization cycles) resulted in an increase in contact angle to 73° for quaternary ammonium sanitization and a decrease in contact angle to 75° for chlorine sanitization. Abrasion increased contact angle hysteresis due to enhanced surface roughness. The hysteresis effect of abraded material was reduced with quaternary ammonium treatment.CONCLUSIONSThis work indicates that sanitizing agents employed in on‐farm cleaning can alter the surface characteristics of polyethylene picking bins and should be considered in developing cleaning and sanitization procedures. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
The behavior of poly(amino acids) containing l‐cysteine and their block copolymers with poly(ethylene glycol) on gold surfaces
Authors: Obeid Rodolphe , Armstrong Tracy , Peng Xiaoju , Busse Karsten , Kressler Jörg , Scholz Carmen 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTPoly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) is often used to biocompatibilize surfaces of implantable biomedical devices. Here, block copolymers consisting of PEG and l‐cysteine‐containing poly(amino acid)s (PAA's) were synthesized as polymeric multianchor systems for the covalent attachment to gold surfaces or surfaces decorated with gold nanoparticles. Amino‐terminated PEG was used as macroinitiator in the ring‐opening polymerization, (ROP), of respective amino acid N‐carboxyanhydrides (NCA's) of l‐cysteine (l‐Cys), l‐glutamate (l‐Glu), and l‐lysine (l‐Lys). The resulting block copolymers formed either diblock copolymers, PEG‐b‐p(l‐Glux‐co‐l‐Cysy) or triblock copolymers, PEG‐b‐p(l‐Glu)x‐b‐p(l‐Cys)y. The monomer feed ratio matches the actual copolymer composition, which, together with high yields and a low polydispersity, indicates that the NCA ROP follows a living mechanism. The l‐Cys repeat units act as anchors to the gold surface or the gold nanoparticles and the l‐Glu repeat units act as spacers for the reactive l‐Cys units. Surface analysis by atomic force microscopy revealed that all block copolymers formed homogenous and pin‐hole free surface coatings and the phase separation of mutually immiscible PEG and PAA blocks was observed. A different concept for the biocompatibilization of surfaces was followed when thiol‐terminated p(l‐Lys) homopolymer was first grafted to the surface and then covalently decorated with HOOC‐CH2‐PEG‐b‐p(Bz‐l‐Glu) polymeric micelles. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014, 52, 248–257
Revisiting the framework of the National Institute on Aging‐Alzheimer's Association diagnostic criteria
Authors: Carrillo Maria C. , Dean Robert A. , Nicolas François , Miller David S. , Berman Robert , Khachaturian Zaven , Bain Lisa J. , Schindler Rachel , Knopman David 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn 2011, the National Institute on Aging and the Alzheimer's Association (NIA‐AA) proposed revising the criteria for diagnosing Alzheimer's disease (AD), which had been established more than 25 years earlier by the National Institute on Neurologic and Communicative Disorders and Stroke (NINCDS) and the Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association (ADRDA), now called the Alzheimer's Association. The NIA‐AA initiative also built upon research criteria for AD proposed by the International Working Group (IWG) in 2007 and updated in 2010. These efforts to revise the criteria reflect the need to improve diagnostic accuracy, facilitate clinical trials, and establish a common set of criteria that are universally accepted across domains of clinical practice, research, and drug development. To ensure that the proposed NIA‐AA criteria remain as current as possible, the Alzheimer's Association Research Roundtable convened a meeting in Washington, DC, on October 1 and 2, 2012, bringing together international stakeholders from industry, academia, and regulatory agencies to identify areas of agreement and research gaps respective of NIA‐AA criteria and IWG recommendations.
Effect of Caffeine Intake on Finger Cold-Induced Vasodilation
Authors: Jo Kim Byeong , Seo Yongsuk , Kim Jung-Hyun , Taek Lee Dae 
Published: November 2013

Objective The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of caffeine intake on finger cold-induced vasodilation (CIVD). Methods Ten healthy men underwent 6 experimental trials characterized by control (NCAFF) or caffeine intake (CAFF) via chewing gum (300 mg of caffeine) while resting on a chair or performing submaximal (70% maximal oxygen consumption) or maximal (100% maximal oxygen consumption) treadmill exercise (Bruce protocol) followed by immersion of the middle finger in a water bath (5°C) for 20 minutes. Finger temperature (Tf ) and time parameters of the first CIVD cycle and post-test norepinephrine were measured. Results Exercise duration for submaximal and maximal exercise was 8.9 ± 0.9 and 12.4 ± 0.8 minutes, respectively. CAFF had no effect on Tf, but exercise increased minimal Tf in NCAFF (9.08 ± 1.27°C, 13.02 ± 2.13°C, and 13.25 ± 1.63°C in rest, submaximal, and maximal exercise, respectively) and CAFF (8.76 ± 1.39°C, 12.50 ± 1.91°C, and 12.79 ± 1.20°C). Maximal Tf was significantly higher in NCAFF (15.98 ± 1.04°C, 16.18 ± 1.56°C, and 15.14 ± 1.52°C) than in CAFF (13.56 ± 1.19°C, 15.52 ± 1.31°C, and 14.39 ± 1.43°C), resulting in a significant difference between minimal and maximal Tf in rest (NCAFF, 6.89 ± 1.56°C and CAFF, 4.79 ± 1.23°C), but not in exercise conditions. CAFF had no effect on CIVD time responses, but exercise significantly shortened CIVD onset and peak time compared with rest in both NCAFF and CAFF. Norepinephrine concentration was significantly greater in CAFF (290.6 ± 113.0 pg/mL, 278.1 ± 91.4 pg/mL, and 399.8 ± 125.5 pg/mL) than NCAFF (105.6 ± 29.5 pg/mL, 199.6 ± 89.6 pg/mL, and 361.5 ± 171.3 pg/mL). Conclusions Caffeine intake before finger immersion in cold water does not result in a thermogenic effect and adversely affects CIVD responses, whereas exercise modifies CIVD temperature and time responses.
Scattering of SH Waves by a Truncated Semi-Elliptic Canyon
Authors: Hsu M.-S. , Tsaur D.-H. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTIn this study, the region-point-matching technique (RPMT) is applied to examine the scattering problem of truncated semi-elliptic canyons under plane SH-wave excitation. The partition of the entire analyzed region into two subregions is carried out via an introduction of the elliptic-arc auxiliary boundary. Taking advantage of appropriate wavefunctions in elliptic coordinates, the expression of antiplane motions for each subregion can be obtained. To accomplish the indispensable coordinate shift, thecoordinate-transformed relation, intended as a substitute for the addition theorem involving Mathieu functions, is well utilized. Integration of thecoordinate-transformed relationinto the RPMT brings about the rapid construction of simultaneous equations. Effects of pertinent parameters on steady-state and transient surface motions are demonstrated. Computed results show that, for horizontal incidence, the potential high level of ground shaking may occur near the illuminated upper corner of the canyon. In such a small localized region, due to the occurrence of constructive interference between the reflected waves from the horizontal ground surface and the scattered waves from the corners of the canyon, the peak amplifaction may be at least two times that of free-field response.
Nonlinear Vibration Analysis of Microscale Functionally Graded Timoshenko Beams using the Most General form of Strain Gradient Elasticity
Authors: Ansari R. , Shojaei M. Faghih , Mohammadi V. , Gholami R. , Rouhi H. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTBased on the Timoshenko beam model, the nonlinear vibration of microbeams made of functionally graded (FG) materials is investigated under different boundary conditions. To consider small scale effects, the model is developed based on the most general form of strain gradient elasticity. The nonlinear governing equations and boundary conditions are derived via Hamilton's principle and then discretized using the generalized differential quadrature technique. A pseudo-Galerkin approach is used to reduce the set of discretized governing equations into a time-varying set of ordinary differential equations of Duffing-type. The harmonic balance method in conjunction with the Newton-Raphson method is also applied so as to solve the problem in time domain. The effects of boundary conditions, length scale parameters, material gradient index and geometrical parameters are studied. It is found that the importance of the small length scale is affected by the type of boundary conditions and vibration mode. Also, it is revealed that the classical theory tends to underestimate the vibration amplitude and linear frequency of FG microbeams.
Assessment of the Shock-Absorption Performance of a High Capacity Suspension System by Neural Networks
Authors: Lee Y.-W. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThe objective of this study is to develop a framework using nonlinear autoregressive model process with exogenous inputs (NARX) neural networks (NNs) to identify the dynamic hysteresis of high load capacity suspension systems. Here, a vertical excitation test is used to simulate various terrains at an oscillation frequency range from 0.1Hz to 10Hz by using NARX NNs. The model results are in good agreement with suspension component oscillation responses that manifest as variations in model order selection as the excitation frequency approaches 7Hz. Furthermore, mapping the models into generalized frequency response functions (GFRFs), elucidates any unanticipated couplings between surroundings and mechanical hysteresis within the suspension. The proposed approach's systematic design procedure is advantageous because it provides a cost-efficient method that achieves precise identification of online data.