bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Responses to “Sketching the Contours of the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in Theology and Religion”
Authors: Locklin Reid B. , Robinson Joanne Maguire , Pence Nadine S. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe three short essays collected in this manuscript respond to Patricia O'Connell Killen and Eugene V. Gallagher's “Sketching the Contours in the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in Theology and Religion,” published in issue 16, no. 2 of this journal (2013). See additional responses by Charles R. Foster, Stephen Brookfield, and Pat Hutchings published in Teaching Theology and Religion
Blocking porcine sialoadhesin improves extracorporeal porcine liver xenoperfusion with human blood
Authors: Waldman Joshua P. , Vogel Thomas , Burlak Christopher , Coussios Constantin , Dominguez Javier , Friend Peter , Rees Michael A. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundPatients in fulminant hepatic failure currently do not have a temporary means of support while awaiting liver transplantation. A potential therapeutic approach for such patients is the use of extracorporeal perfusion with porcine livers as a form of “liver dialysis”. During a 72‐h extracorporeal perfusion of porcine livers with human blood, porcine Kupffer cells bind to and phagocytose human red blood cells (hRBC) causing the hematocrit to decrease to 2.5% of the original value. Our laboratory has identified porcine sialoadhesin expressed on Kupffer cells as the lectin responsible for binding N‐acetylneuraminic acid on the surface of the hRBC. We evaluated whether blocking porcine sialoadhesin prevents the recognition and subsequent destruction of hRBCs seen during extracorporeal porcine liver xenoperfusion.MethodsEx vivo studies were performed using wild type pig livers perfused with isolated hRBCs for 72‐h in the presence of an anti‐porcine sialoadhesin antibody or isotype control.ResultsThe addition of an anti‐porcine sialoadhesin antibody to an extracorporeal porcine liver xenoperfusion model reduces the loss of hRBC over a 72‐h period. Sustained liver function was demonstrated throughout the perfusion.ConclusionsThis study illustrates the role of sialoadhesin in mediating the destruction of hRBCs in an extracorporeal porcine liver xenoperfusion model.
Prevalence of 10 Human Polyomaviruses in Fecal Samples from Children with Acute Gastroenteritis: a Case-Control Study
Authors: Li Ke , Guo Junhua , Zhao Rong , Xue Ying , Chen Lihong , Yang Jian , Peng Junping , Jin Qi 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT
We conducted a case-control study to explore the prevalence of 10 human polyomaviruses in fecal specimens from hospitalized children with diarrhea and asymptomatic control subjects by using multiplex PCR detected by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry. The differences between cases and controls were not statistically significant.
Capsular Gene Sequences and Genotypes of “Serotype 6E” Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates
Authors: Ko Kwan Soo , Baek Jin Yang , Song Jae-Hoon 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT

To characterize
Streptococcus pneumoniae
“serotype 6E,” complete
cps
loci were sequenced. The capsular genes of “serotype 6E” isolates differed much from those of serotypes 6A and 6B. We identified 10 additional “serotype 6E” isolates, which are not confined to a restricted geographic locality. Most of these “serotype 6E” isolates belonged to sequence type 90 and its single-locus variants. The homogeneity of their genetic background and
cps
loci suggests a recent origin of the “serotype 6E” isolates.
Influenza A Virus Hemagglutinin Trimerization Completes Monomer Folding and Antigenicity
Authors: Magadán Javier G. , Khurana Surender , Das Suman R. , Frank Gregory M. , Stevens James , Golding Hana , Bennink Jack R. , Yewdell Jonathan W. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTInfluenza A virus (IAV) remains an important human pathogen largely because of antigenic drift, the rapid emergence of antibody escape mutants that precludes durable vaccination. The most potent neutralizing antibodies interact with cognate epitopes in the globular “head” domain of hemagglutinin (HA), a homotrimeric glycoprotein. The H1 HA possesses five distinct regions defined by a large number of mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), i.e., Ca1, Ca2, Cb, Sa, and Sb. Ca1-Ca2 sites require HA trimerization to attain full antigenicity, consistent with their locations on opposite sides of the trimer interface. Here, we show that full antigenicity of Cb and Sa sites also requires HA trimerization, as revealed by immunofluorescence microscopy of IAV-infected cells and biochemically by pulse-chase radiolabeling experiments. Surprisingly, epitope antigenicity acquired by HA trimerization persists following acid triggering of the globular domains dissociation and even after proteolytic release of monomeric heads from acid-treated HA. Thus, the requirement for HA trimerization by trimer-specific MAbs mapping to the Ca, Cb, and Sa sites is not dependent upon the bridging of adjacent monomers in the native HA trimer. Rather, complete antigenicity of HA (and, by inference, immunogenicity) requires a final folding step that accompanies its trimerization. Once this conformational change occurs, HA trimers themselves would not necessarily be required to induce a highly diverse neutralizing response to epitopes in the globular domain.
High-Throughput Profiling of Alpha Interferon- and Interleukin-28B-Regulated MicroRNAs and Identification of let-7s with Anti-Hepatitis C Virus Activity by Targeting IGF2BP1
Authors: Cheng Min , Si Youhui , Niu Yuqiang , Liu Xiuying , Li Xiang , Zhao Jin , Jin Qi , Yang Wei 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major cause of severe liver disease. Interferon (IFN)/ribavirin treatment remains the standard therapeutic regimen for HCV infection in most countries. IFN-stimulated genes are believed to contribute to antiviral effects. However, emerging evidence suggests that microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of noncoding small RNAs, are involved in the control of viral infection. Here, we systematically profiled the hepatocyte expression of a set of 750 miRNAs in response to alpha interferon (IFN-α) and interleukin-28B (IL-28B) treatments. The anti-HCV activity of differentially expressed miRNAs was evaluated using cell culture-derived HCV
in vitro
. The results demonstrate that let-7b had a significant anti-HCV effect by inhibiting HCV replication and viral protein translation in human hepatoma cells. In particular, we show that the inhibition of let-7b attenuated the anti-HCV effects of IFN-α and IL-28B. Furthermore, we show that the host factor insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 1 (IGF2BP1) is a target of let-7b. IGF2BP1 was required for HCV replication, and its expression was downregulated by IFN-α and IL-28B. Deletion of the wild-type seed region of let-7b abolished its antiviral activity. Finally, we demonstrate that other let-7 family miRNAs were able to inhibit HCV and to suppress IGF2BP1 expression. In conclusion, we provide an example of a host miRNA regulated by type I and type III IFNs that inhibits HCV replication and infectivity by targeting host targets. These results highlight the important role of miRNAs in the host antiviral immune response and provide a novel candidate for anti-HCV therapy.
Identification of a Receptor-Binding Domain in the S Protein of the Novel Human Coronavirus Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus as an Essential Target for Vaccine Development
Authors: Du Lanying , Zhao Guangyu , Kou Zhihua , Ma Cuiqing , Sun Shihui , Poon Vincent K. M. , Lu Lu , Wang Lili , Debnath Asim K. , Zheng Bo-Jian , Zhou Yusen , Jiang Shibo 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT
A novel human Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) caused outbreaks of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-like illness with a high mortality rate, raising concerns of its pandemic potential. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) was recently identified as its receptor. Here we showed that residues 377 to 662 in the S protein of MERS-CoV specifically bound to DPP4-expressing cells and soluble DPP4 protein and induced significant neutralizing antibody responses, suggesting that this region contains the receptor-binding domain (RBD), which has a potential to be developed as a MERS-CoV vaccine.
Peptide Aptamers That Bind to Geminivirus Replication Proteins Confer a Resistance Phenotype to
Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus
and
Tomato Mottle Virus
Infection in Tomato
Authors: Reyes Maria Ines , Nash Tara E. , Dallas Mary M. , Ascencio-Ibáñez J. Trinidad , Hanley-Bowdoin Linda 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT

Geminiviruses constitute a large family of single-stranded DNA viruses that cause serious losses in important crops worldwide. They often exist in disease complexes and have high recombination and mutation rates, allowing them to adapt rapidly to new hosts and environments. Thus, an effective resistance strategy must be general in character and able to target multiple viruses. The geminivirus replication protein (Rep) is a good target for broad-based disease control because it is highly conserved and required for viral replication. In an earlier study, we identified a set of peptide aptamers that bind to Rep and reduce viral replication in cultured plant cells. In this study, we selected 16 of the peptide aptamers for further analysis in yeast two-hybrid assays. The results of these experiments showed that all 16 peptide aptamers interact with all or most of the Rep proteins from nine viruses representing the three major
Geminiviridae
genera and identified two peptide aptamers (A22 and A64) that interact strongly with different regions in the Rep N terminus. Transgenic tomato lines expressing A22 or A64 and inoculated with
Tomato yellow leaf curl virus
or
Tomato mottle virus
exhibited delayed viral DNA accumulation and often contained lower levels of viral DNA. Strikingly, the effect on symptoms was stronger, with many of the plants showing no symptoms or strongly attenuated symptoms. Together, these results established the efficacy of using Rep-binding peptide aptamers to develop crops that are resistant to diverse geminiviruses.
Functional and Structural Analysis of Influenza Virus Neuraminidase N3 Offers Further Insight into the Mechanisms of Oseltamivir Resistance
Authors: Li Qing , Qi Jianxun , Wu Yan , Kiyota Hiromasa , Tanaka Kosuke , Suhara Yoshitomo , Ohrui Hiroshi , Suzuki Yasuo , Vavricka Christopher J. , Gao George F. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT
The influenza virus neuraminidase H274Y substitution is a highly prevalent amino acid substitution associated with resistance to the most heavily used influenza drug, oseltamivir. Previous structural studies suggest that the group specific 252 residue (Y252 in group 1 and T252 in group 2) might be a key factor underlying H274Y resistance. However, H274Y has only been reported in N1 subtypes, which indicates that there must be additional key residues that determine H274Y resistance. Furthermore, we found that members of NA serotype N3 also possess Y252, raising the key question as to whether or not H274Y resistance may also be possible for some group 2 NAs. Here, we demonstrate that the H274Y substitution results in mild oseltamivir resistance for N3. Comparative structural analysis of N3, N1, and their 274Y variants indicates that the interaction of residue 296 (H in N1 and nonaromatic for other serotypes) with conserved W295 is another important determinant of oseltamivir resistance.
Zebrafish ISG15 Exerts a Strong Antiviral Activity against RNA and DNA Viruses and Regulates the Interferon Response
Authors: Langevin C. , van der Aa L. M. , Houel A. , Torhy C. , Briolat V. , Lunazzi A. , Harmache A. , Bremont M. , Levraud J.-P. , Boudinot P. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTISG15, a 15-kDa interferon-induced protein that participates in antiviral defenses of mammals, is highly conserved among vertebrates. In fish, as in mammals, viral infection and interferon treatment induceisg15expression. The two ubiquitin-like domains of ISG15 and the presence of a consensus LRLRGG sequence in the C-terminal region, which is required for the covalent conjugation to a substrate protein, are also conserved in fish. Our data demonstrate that overexpression of zebrafish ISG15 (zf-ISG15) in EPC cells is sufficient to inhibit viral infection by RNA viruses belonging to the generaNovirhabdovirusandBirnavirusand by DNA viruses of the genusIridovirus. In coexpression experiments with IHNV proteins, we demonstrate specific ISGylation of phosphoprotein and nonvirion protein. Mutation of the glycine residues in the consensus LRLRGG motif abolishes zf-ISG15 conjugation to these proteins and the cellular protection against viral infection, thus connecting ISGylation and ISG15-dependent viral restriction. Additionally, zf-ISG15 overexpression triggers induction of therig-Iandviperingenes as well as, to a lesser extent, the IFN gene. Overall, our data demonstrate the antiviral effect of a fish ISG15 protein, revealing the conservation among vertebrates of an ISGylation mechanism likely directed against viruses. Furthermore, our findings indicate that zf-ISG15 affects the IFN system at several levels, and its study shall shed further light on the evolution of the complex regulation of the innate antiviral response in vertebrate cells.
Ebolavirus VP35 Coats the Backbone of Double-Stranded RNA for Interferon Antagonism
Authors: Bale Shridhar , Julien Jean-Philippe , Bornholdt Zachary A. , Krois Alexander S. , Wilson Ian A. , Saphire Erica Ollmann 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT
Recognition of viral double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) activates interferon production and immune signaling in host cells. Crystal structures of ebolavirus VP35 show that it caps dsRNA ends to prevent sensing by pattern recognition receptors such as RIG-I. In contrast, structures of marburgvirus VP35 show that it primarily coats the dsRNA backbone. Here, we demonstrate that ebolavirus VP35 also coats the dsRNA backbone in solution, although binding to the dsRNA ends probably constitutes the initial binding event.
Bilateral Entry and Release of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Induces Profound Apoptosis of Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells
Authors: Tao Xinrong , Hill Terence E. , Morimoto Chikao , Peters Clarence J. , Ksiazek Thomas G. , Tseng Chien-Te K. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT
The newly emerged Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infects human bronchial epithelial Calu-3 cells. Unlike severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV, which exclusively infects and releases through the apical route, this virus can do so through either side of polarized Calu-3 cells. Infection results in profound apoptosis within 24 h irrespective of its production of titers that are lower than those of SARS-CoV. Together, our results provide new insights into the dissemination and pathogenesis of MERS-CoV and may indicate that the virus differs markedly from SARS-CoV.
Lateralisation of Cerebral Response to Active Acupuncture in Patients with Unilateral Ischaemic Stroke: An Fmri Study
Authors: Huang Yong , Chen Jun-Qi , Lai Xin-Sheng , Tang Chun-Zhi , Yang Jun-Jun , Chen Hua , Wu Jun-Xian , Xiao Hui-Ling , Qu Shan-Shan , Zhang Yi-Dan , Zhang Zhang-Jin 
Published: July 2013

Objective Acupuncture is beneficial in treating stroke neuropsychiatric symptoms. The present study aimed to identify functional brain response to active acupuncture in patients with unilateral ischaemic stroke using functional MRI (fMRI). Methods A total of 10 patients aged 47–65 years with left hemispheric ischaemic stroke received single-session manual acupuncture at the TE5 point of the affected (right) forearm. A 6-min tactile control procedure in which an acupuncture needle tip was alternately touched and removed from the skin at the acupuncture point for 30 s each was performed first, followed by active acupuncture in a blocking paradigm consisting of six 30-s twist blocks of rotation interspersed between six 30-s blocks of rest. A whole brain scan was simultaneously conducted on a 3.0-T imager. Activated and deactivated brain regions during tactile stimulation and active acupuncture relative to rest were obtained via group analysis. Results Compared to tactile stimulation, needling with twist manipulation modulated many more widespread brain areas. All the brain areas activated and deactivated by active acupuncture relative to tactile stimulation were distributed in the primary sensorimotor and medial frontal cortex of the unaffected, but not the affected hemisphere. Conclusions Active acupuncture results in lateralisation of functional cerebral response to the contralateral unaffected hemisphere in patients with unilateral stroke. This lateralisation may represent an effect of acupuncture in enhancing a compensatory process by redistributing functions into the intact cortex, particularly in the unaffected hemisphere.
A randomised controlled trial to improve the role of the general practitioner in cancer rehabilitation: effect on patients’ satisfaction with their general practitioners
Authors: Bergholdt Stinne Holm , Hansen Dorte Gilså , Larsen Pia Veldt , Kragstrup Jakob , Søndergaard Jens 
Published: July 2013

ObjectiveTo test whether a complex intervention facilitating early cancer rehabilitation by involvement of the general practitioner (GP) soon after diagnosis improves patients’ satisfaction with their GPs.DesignA cluster randomised controlled trial. All general practices in Denmark were randomised to an intervention or a control group before the start of the study. Patients included those with cancer who were subsequently allocated to either group based on the randomisation status of their GP.ParticipantsAdult patients with cancer treated for incident cancer at the public regional hospital (Vejle Hospital, Denmark) were included between May 2008 and February 2009. A total of 955 patients registered with 323 practices were included, of which 486 patients were allocated to the intervention group and 469 to the control group.InterventionThe intervention included a patient interview assessing the need for rehabilitation, improved information from the hospital to GPs including information on the patients’ current needs along with information about needs of patients with cancer in general. Further, GPs were encouraged to proactively contact the patients and facilitate the patients’ rehabilitation course.Outcome measures6 months after inclusion of the patient, patient satisfaction with their GP during the last 12 months in five different dimensions of GP care was assessed using the Danish version of the EuroPEP (European Patients Evaluate General Practice Care) questionnaire (DanPEP). 14 months after inclusion, patient satisfaction with the GP regarding the cancer course and GP's satisfaction with own contribution to the patients’ rehabilitation course were assessed using ad hoc questions specifically designed for this study.ResultsNo overall effect of the intervention was observed. Subgroup analysis of the patients with breast cancer showed statistically significant improvement of satisfaction with the GP in two of the five DanPEP dimensions.ConclusionsThis complex intervention aiming at improving GPs’ services in cancer rehabilitation had no impact on patient satisfaction.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, registration ID numberNCT01021371
Novel Small-Molecule Inhibitors of Bcl-XL to Treat Lung Cancer
Authors: Park Dongkyoo , Magis Andrew T. , Li Rui , Owonikoko Taofeek K. , Sica Gabriel L. , Sun Shi-Yong , Ramalingam Suresh S. , Khuri Fadlo R. , Curran Walter J. , Deng Xingming 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Bcl-XL is a major antiapoptotic protein in the Bcl-2 family whose overexpression is more widely observed in human lung cancer cells than that of Bcl-2, suggesting that Bcl-XL is more biologically relevant and therefore a better therapeutic target for lung cancer. Here, we screened small molecules that selectively target the BH3 domain (aa 90–98) binding pocket of Bcl-XL using the UCSF DOCK 6.1 program suite and the NCI chemical library database. We identified two new Bcl-XL inhibitors (BXI-61 and BXI-72) that exhibit selective toxicity against lung cancer cells compared with normal human bronchial epithelial cells. Fluorescence polarization assay reveals that BXI-61 and BXI-72 preferentially bind to Bcl-XL protein but not Bcl2, Bcl-w, Bfl-1/A1, or Mcl-1 in vitro with high binding affinities. Treatment of cells with BXI-72 results in disruption of Bcl-XL/Bak or Bcl-XL/Bax interaction, oligomerization of Bak, and cytochrome c release from mitochondria. Importantly, BXI-61 and BXI-72 exhibit more potent efficacy against human lung cancer than ABT-737 but less degree in platelet reduction in vivo. BXI-72 overcomes acquired radioresistance of lung cancer. On the basis of our findings, the development of BXI(s) as a new class of anticancer agents is warranted and represents a novel strategy for improving lung cancer outcome. Cancer Res; 73(17); 5485–96. ©2013 AACR.
Progression of Carotid Intima-Media Thickness as Predictor of Vascular Events
Authors: Baldassarre Damiano , Veglia Fabrizio , Hamsten Anders , Humphries Steve E. , Rauramaa Rainer , de Faire Ulf , Smit Andries J. , Giral Philippe , Kurl Sudhir , Mannarino Elmo , Grossi Enzo , Paoletti Rodolfo , Tremoli Elena 
Published: July 2013

Objective—
To investigate whether several different measures of carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) progression are associated with subsequent vascular events and whether such associations are independent of baseline carotid atherosclerotic profile and Framingham risk factors.

Approach and Results—

A longitudinal cohort study (the Carotid Intima Media Thickness [IMT] and IMT-Progression as Predictors of Vascular Events in a High Risk European Population study) was performed in 7 centers in 5 European countries (Finland, France, Italy, the Netherlands, and Sweden). Three thousand four hundred eighty-two subjects (median age 64.1 years; 47.8% men) with ≥3 vascular risk factors were recruited and monitored for a postprogression median follow-up of 21.5 months, during which time 129 subjects experienced a first vascular event (incidence of 20.4 per 1000 person-years). The 15th month progression of mean and maximum carotid IMT of the left and right common carotids, bifurcations, internal carotid arteries, and their composite measures, as well as the fastest IMT
max
progression (Fastest-IMT
max-progr
) detected in the whole carotid tree regardless of location, were used in statistical analyses. All carotid IMT measures showed significant progression during the first 15 months (
P
<0.001), but only the Fastest-IMT
max-progr
was significantly associated with the risk of subsequent vascular events. The Fastest-IMT
max-progr
association persisted after Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons and after adjustments for Framingham risk factors and pharmacological treatments (all
P
<0.005). The use of Framingham Risk Score in place of Framingham risk factors provided almost identical results (
P
=0.003).

Conclusions—

The Fastest-IMT
max-progr
, a novel approach to assess carotid IMT progression, identifies focal increases of carotid IMT and, in contrast to other progression variables, is associated with cardiovascular risk.