bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Observed APO Seasonal Cycle in the Pacific: Estimation of Autumn O2 Oceanic Emissions
Authors: Tohjima Y. , Shirai T. , Ishizawa M. , Mukai H. , Machida T. , Sasakawa M. , Terao Y. , Tsuboi K. , Takao S. , Nakaoka S. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this work, we investigated the seasonal cycle of atmospheric potential oxygen (APO), a unique tracer of air‐sea gas exchanges of molecular oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2), expressed as APO = O2 + 1.1 × CO2. APO data were obtained from flask air samples collected since the late 1990s at three Japanese ground stations and on commercial cargo ships sailing between Japan and Australia/New Zealand, North America, and Southeast Asia. We also analyzed the APO spatial distribution and seasonal cycles with simulations from an atmospheric transport model using climatological oceanic O2 fluxes from an empirical product that relate O2 flux to ocean heat as input. Model simulations reproduced the observed APO seasonal cycles generally well, but with larger amplitudes and earlier occurrence of seasonal minima and maxima than in the observations. Moreover, the observed seasonal cycles exhibited larger APO enhancements than the simulations in autumn and early winter, especially in the North Pacific at 20°N–60°N. These enhancements remained when refining the comparison by adjusting the simulated APO peak‐to‐peak amplitudes and seasonal phases to the observations. This suggests additional O2 emissions in the North Pacific, not well expressed in the air‐sea O2 fluxes used as input for our model simulations. The average autumn enhancement at 40°N–60°N was approximately twice that measured at 20°N–40°N. Confirming previous studies, our results indicate two distinct mechanisms possibly contributing to the additional oceanic O2 emissions: outgassing from a subsurface shallow oxygen maximum at 20°N–40°N and autumn phytoplankton bloom at 40°N–60°N.
Diurnal Temperature Range Trends Differ Below and Above the Melting Point
Authors: Pithan Felix , Schatt Leonhard 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe globally averaged diurnal temperature range (DTR) has shrunk since the mid‐20th century, and climate models project further shrinking. Observations indicate a slowdown or reversal of this trend in recent decades. Here, we show that DTR has a minimum for average temperatures close to 0°C. Observed DTR shrinks strongly at colder temperature, where warming shifts the average temperature toward the DTR minimum, and expands at warmer temperature, where warming shifts the average temperature away from the DTR minimum. Most, but not all climate models reproduce the minimum DTR close to average temperatures of 0°C and a stronger DTR shrinking at colder temperature. In models that reproduce the DTR minimum, DTR shrinking slows down significantly in recent decades. Models project that the global‐mean DTR will shrink over the 21st century, and models with a DTR minimum close to 0°C project slower shrinking than other models.
From Bottom‐Water Production to Warm Water Intrusions—The Cenozoic History of Bottom‐Current Evolution Offshore the Denman‐Shackleton Region, East Antarctica
Authors: Hochmuth K. , Whittaker J. , Huang X. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe deep glacial trough and hinterland of the Denman Glacier (East Antarctica) makes the area around the Shackleton ice shelf sensitive to ice loss due to warmer deep water intruding onto the continental shelf in the near future. In addition, the configuration of the ocean currents offshore is an important factor in priming the local and regional vulnerability to warm water intrusions. Here, we use reflection seismic data sets from the Bruce Rise offshore the Denman‐Shackleton region to investigate the Cenozoic history of the ocean bottom current configurations offshore and their influence on the Cenozoic sedimentation patterns of the Denman‐Shackleton region. On the Bruce Rise, sediment drift building, and erosional features indicate three distinct ocean current configurations, (a) the production of dense shelf waters in times of a smaller East Antarctic Ice Sheet (EAIS), (b) periods dominated by a strong Antarctic Slope Current (ASC) and (c) periods with a weak ASC. During the early establishment of the EAIS, the Denman‐Shackleton area contributed to the production of Antarctic Bottom Water, a process which stabilizes the regional ice sheet. With a growing icesheet, the ASC strengthened representing an effective barrier between the continental shelf and the warmer water masses of the deeper ocean during most of the times of an extended EAIS. The transition in the paleoceanographic setting from a strong, erosive ASC, toward a weak ASC increases the vulnerability of the Denman‐Shackleton continental shelf to deep water intrusions as we are observing today.
Pore‐Morphology‐Based Estimation of the Freezing Characteristic Curve of Water‐Saturated Porous Media
Authors: Suh Hyoung Suk , Na SeonHong , Choo Jinhyun 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAssessment of freezing effects on soil requires estimating the soil freezing characteristic curve (SFCC)—the variation of unfrozen water content with temperature. The existing methods for obtaining SFCCs often involve either costly experiments or heuristic inference from water retention data. Here, we propose a pore‐morphology‐based method for simple and efficient estimation of the freezing characteristic curve of water‐saturated porous media, whereby the pore‐scale configurations of water and ice phases are simulated in a digital image of porous microstructure. Idealizing the pore space as a system of overlapping spherical pores, the method simulates the freezing process with the Gibbs‐Thomson equation that can consider freezing‐point depression—a decrease in the freezing point due to spatial confinement—based on thermodynamics. For validation, we apply the proposed method to estimate the SFCC of a field soil for which the experimental freezing characteristics data are available. Results show that even with a digital pore image extracted from a surrogate discrete‐element packing of the soil, the proposed method provides an SFCC very close to the experimental data.
Intelligent drugs based on notch protein remodeling: a defensive targeting strategy for tumor therapy
Authors: Sun Yuliang , Lu Yilin , Li Xinze , He Yanan , Yong Then Kong , Keng Cheong Soon , Yahaya Badrul , Liu Yanli , Lin Juntang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn the process of tumor treatment, systemic drug administration is hindered by biological barriers, leading to the retention of a large number of drug molecules in healthy tissues and causing unavoidable side effects. The precise deployment of drugs at the tumor site is expected to alleviate this phenomenon. Here, we take endostatin and Her2 (+) tumors as examples and develop an intelligent drug with simple “wisdom” by endowing mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with an intelligent response program (iMSCEndostatin). It can autonomously perceive and distinguish tumor cells from non-tumor cells, establishing a logical connection between tumor signals and drug release. Enable it to selectively deploy drugs at the tumor site, thereby locking the toxicity of drugs at the tumor site. Unlike traditional aggressive targeting strategies that aim to increase drug concentration at the lesion, intelligent drugs are more inclined to be defensive strategies that prevent the presence of drugs in healthy tissues.
Trifunctional sphingomyelin derivatives enable nanoscale resolution of sphingomyelin turnover in physiological and infection processes via expansion microscopy
Authors: Rühling Marcel , Kersting Louise , Wagner Fabienne , Schumacher Fabian , Wigger Dominik , Helmerich Dominic A. , Pfeuffer Tom , Elflein Robin , Kappe Christian , Sauer Markus , Arenz Christoph , Kleuser Burkhard , Rudel Thomas , Fraunholz Martin , Seibel Jürgen 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSphingomyelin is a key molecule of sphingolipid metabolism, and its enzymatic breakdown is associated with various infectious diseases. Here, we introduce trifunctional sphingomyelin derivatives that enable the visualization of sphingomyelin distribution and sphingomyelinase activity in infection processes. We demonstrate this by determining the activity of a bacterial sphingomyelinase on the plasma membrane of host cells using a combination of Förster resonance energy transfer and expansion microscopy. We further use our trifunctional sphingomyelin probes to visualize their metabolic state during infections with Chlamydia trachomatis and thereby show that chlamydial inclusions primarily contain the cleaved forms of the molecules. Using expansion microscopy, we observe that the proportion of metabolized molecules increases during maturation from reticulate to elementary bodies, indicating different membrane compositions between the two chlamydial developmental forms. Expansion microscopy of trifunctional sphingomyelins thus provides a powerful microscopy tool to analyze sphingomyelin metabolism in cells at nanoscale resolution.
P53-dependent hypusination of eIF5A affects mitochondrial translation and senescence immune surveillance
Authors: Jiang Xiangli , Baig Ali Hyder , Palazzo Giuliana , Del Pizzo Rossella , Bortecen Toman , Groessl Sven , Zaal Esther A. , Amaya Ramirez Cinthia Claudia , Kowar Alexander , Aviles-Huerta Daniela , Berkers Celia R. , Palm Wilhelm , Tschaharganeh Darjus , Krijgsveld Jeroen , Loayza-Puch Fabricio 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCellular senescence is characterized by a permanent growth arrest and is associated with tissue aging and cancer. Senescent cells secrete a number of different cytokines referred to as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which impacts the surrounding tissue and immune response. Here, we find that senescent cells exhibit higher rates of protein synthesis compared to proliferating cells and identify eIF5A as a crucial regulator of this process. Polyamine metabolism and hypusination of eIF5A play a pivotal role in sustaining elevated levels of protein synthesis in senescent cells. Mechanistically, we identify a p53-dependent program in senescent cells that maintains hypusination levels of eIF5A. Finally, we demonstrate that functional eIF5A is required for synthesizing mitochondrial ribosomal proteins and monitoring the immune clearance of premalignant senescent cells in vivo. Our findings establish an important role of protein synthesis during cellular senescence and suggest a link between eIF5A, polyamine metabolism, and senescence immune surveillance.
An integrated single-cell reference atlas of the human endometrium
Authors: Marečková Magda , Garcia-Alonso Luz , Moullet Marie , Lorenzi Valentina , Petryszak Robert , Sancho-Serra Carmen , Oszlanczi Agnes , Icoresi Mazzeo Cecilia , Wong Frederick C. K. , Kelava Iva , Hoffman Sophie , Krassowski Michał , Garbutt Kurtis , Gaitskell Kezia , Yancheva Slaveya , Woon Ee Von , Male Victoria , Granne Ingrid , Hellner Karin , Mahbubani Krishnaa T. , Saeb-Parsy Kourosh , Lotfollahi Mohammad , Prigmore Elena , Southcombe Jennifer , Dragovic Rebecca A. , Becker Christian M. , Zondervan Krina T. , Vento-Tormo Roser 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe complex and dynamic cellular composition of the human endometrium remains poorly understood. Previous endometrial single-cell atlases profiled few donors and lacked consensus in defining cell types. We introduce the Human Endometrial Cell Atlas (HECA), a high-resolution single-cell reference atlas (313,527 cells) combining published and new endometrial single-cell transcriptomics datasets of 63 women with and without endometriosis. HECA assigns consensus and identifies previously unreported cell types, mapped in situ using spatial transcriptomics and validated using a new independent single-nuclei dataset (312,246 nuclei, 63 donors). In the functionalis, we identify intricate stromal–epithelial cell coordination via transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) signaling. In the basalis, we define signaling between fibroblasts and an epithelial population expressing progenitor markers. Integration of HECA with large-scale endometriosis genome-wide association study data pinpoints decidualized stromal cells and macrophages as most likely dysregulated in endometriosis. The HECA is a valuable resource for studying endometrial physiology and disorders, and for guiding microphysiological in vitro systems development.
Enhanced radiation shielding efficiency of polystyrene nanocomposites with tailored lead oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Gouda Mona M. , Osman Ahmad Firas , Awad Ramadan , Badawi Mohamed S. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this study, we investigated a novel polymer nano-composite, PS-PbO, containing two distinct nano-sizes of lead oxide nanoparticles (PbO-A and PbO-B), in addition to the bulk size (PbO-K). These nanoparticles were embedded separately in a polystyrene (PS) matrix at different weight percentages (10%, 15%, 25%, and 35%) using roll mill mixing and compressing molding. Our evaluation focused on the radiation attenuation ability of PS-PbO and the effect of particle size, considering gamma-ray energies ranging from 0.06 to 1.3 MeV (from sources like 241Am, 133Ba, 137Cs, and 60Co). The linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) was determined by analyzing samples of the synthesized composite with different thicknesses. Then, various shielding parameters were calculated, including total molecular, atomic, and electronic cross-sections (σmol, σatm, σel), as well as the effective atomic number and the electron density (Zeff and Neff). Surprisingly, modifying PbO particle sizes had a significant impact on shielding efficiency. For instance, the composite with 25 wt% of the smallest PbO-B particles showed a 26.7% increase in LAC at 0.059 keV compared to the composite with 25 wt% of PbO-K (larger particles). Notably, the LAC peaked at low energy (0.059 keV), close to the K-edge of Pb, where interaction is directly proportional to Z4. With increasing PbO concentrations, the LAC of PS-PbO composites increased steadily. Additionally, as PbO concentration increased, the composite’s effective atomic number Zeff and the electron density Neff increased, leading to a greater total Gamma-ray interaction cross-section. Furthermore, when comparing the Half-Value Layers of the novel nanocomposite to traditional lead shielding, a 70% reduction in mass was observed. Notably, the composite containing the smallest nano-size of PbO exhibited the highest radiation-shielding efficiency among all combinations and could therefore be used to create inexpensive and lightweight shields.
Comparing competing characterizations suggests there might be more than one type of interest
Authors: Dukes Daniel , Audrin Catherine , Clément Fabrice , Mortillaro Marcello 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAlthough there is general consensus concerning the importance and function of interest in our daily lives, there is little agreement about its nature. Four studies of increasing ecological validity (total N = 993) were carried out to compare two different characterizations of interest in terms of the key appraisals involved. The findings indicate that while a two-appraisal model is suitable to explain the interest we can feel towards simple stimuli, a more complex model may better capture the nature of interest in the real world. Further analysis suggested the contrasting previous results could be resolved by arguing that previous models of interest capture different types of interest. This novel finding represents a promising first step towards a more definitive definition of interest, and suggests that while interest may always be related to motivating exploration, learning and general well-being, researchers should be more precise about the type of interest to which they refer.
Predictors of residual tricuspid regurgitation after interventional therapy: an automated deep-learning CT analysis
Authors: Mattig Isabel , Romero Dorta Elena , Fitch Katherine , Lembcke Alexander , Dewey Marc , Stangl Karl , Dreger Henryk 
Published: August 2024

AbstractComputed tomography (CT) is used as a valuable tool for device selection for interventional therapy in tricuspid regurgitation (TR). We aimed to evaluate predictors of TR reduction using CT and automated deep learning algorithms. Patients with severe to torrential TR and CTs prior to either percutaneous annuloplasty (PA) or tricuspid transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (T-TEER) were enrolled. CTs were analyzed using automated deep learning algorithms to assess tricuspid valve anatomy, right heart morphology, and function. Outcome parameters comprised post-interventional TR ≤ 1 and all-cause mortality. 84 patients with T-TEER (n = 32) or PA treatment (n = 52) were enrolled. Patients with a post-interventional TR ≤ 1 presented lower tenting heights and smaller tenting angles compared to patients with a TR > 1. Tenting height showed the best accuracy for post-interventional TR > 1 with an AUC of 0.756 (95% CI 0.560–0.951) in the T-TEER and 0.658 (95% CI 0.501–0.815) in the PA group, consistent with a suggested threshold of 6.8 mm and 9.2 mm, respectively. Patients with a post-interventional TR ≤ 1 exhibited a mortality of 4% and those with a TR > 1 of 12% during a follow-up of 331 ± 300 and 370 ± 265 days, respectively (p = 0.124). To conclude, tenting is associated with procedural outcomes and should be considered during screening for interventional TR therapy.
Iterative printing of bulk metal and polymer for additive manufacturing of multi-layer electronic circuits
Authors: Khan Zeba , Gururajan Dheepesh , Kartmann Sabrina , Koltay Peter , Zengerle Roland , Shu Zhe 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn pursuing advancing additive manufacturing (AM) techniques for 3D objects, this study combines AM techniques for bulk metal and polymer on a single platform for one-stop printing of multilayer 3D electronic circuits with two novel aspects. The first innovation involves the embedded integration of electronic circuits by printing low-resistance electrical traces from bulk metal into polymer channels. Cross-section grinding results reveal (92 ± 5)% occupancy of electrically conductive traces in polymer channels despite the different thermal properties of the two materials. The second aspect encompasses the possibility of printing vertical bulk metal vias up to 10 mm in height with the potential for expansion, interconnecting electrically conductive traces embedded in different layers of the 3D object. The work provides comprehensive 3D printing design guidelines for successfully integrating fully embedded electrically conductive traces and the interconnecting vertical bulk metal vias. A smooth and continuous workflow is also introduced, enabling a single-run print of functional multilayer embedded 3D electronics. The design rules and the workflow facilitate the iterative printing of two distinct materials, each defined by unique printing temperatures and techniques. Observations indicate that conductive traces using molten metal microdroplets show a 12-fold reduction in resistance compared to nanoparticle ink-based methods, meaning this technique greatly complements multi-material additive manufacturing (MM-AM). The work presents insights into the behavior of molten metal microdroplets on a polymer substrate when printed through the MM-AM process. It explores their characteristics in two scenarios: When they are deposited side-by-side to form conductive traces and when they are deposited out-of-plane to create vertical bulk metal vias. The innovative application of MM-AM to produce multilayer embedded 3D electronics with bulk metal and polymer demonstrates significant potential for realizing the fabrication of free-form 3D electronics.
Magnetism of metastable γ-Fe85Pd15 nanowire arrays across an unusually broad temperature range (5 K to 800 K)
Authors: Bercoff Paula G. , Aprea Soledad , Céspedes Eva , Martínez José Luis , Urreta Silvia E. , Vázquez Manuel 
Published: August 2024

Arrays of Fe85Pd15 cylindrical nanowires of the γ-Fe(Pd) fcc phase were magnetically characterized from 5 K to 800 K. Ms is well described by two contributions: spin-glass-like from the surface and ordered core spins.
Does AMPK bind glycogen in skeletal muscle or is the relationship correlative?
Authors: Frankish Barnaby P. , Murphy Robyn M. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Since its discovery over five decades ago, an emphasis on better understanding the structure and functional role of AMPK has been prevalent. In that time, the role of AMPK as a heterotrimeric enzyme that senses the energy state of various cell types has been established. Skeletal muscle is a dynamic, plastic tissue that adapts to both functional and metabolic demands of the human body, such as muscle contraction or exercise. With a deliberate focus on AMPK in skeletal muscle, this review places a physiological lens to the association of AMPK and glycogen that has been established biochemically. It discusses that, to date, no in vivo association of AMPK with glycogen has been shown and this is not altered with interventions, either by physiological or biochemical utilisation of glycogen in skeletal muscle. The reason for this is likely due to the persistent phosphorylation of Thr148 in the β-subunit of AMPK which prevents AMPK from binding to carbohydrate domains. This review presents the correlative data that suggests AMPK senses glycogen utilisation through a direct interaction with glycogen, the biochemical data showing that AMPK can bind carbohydrate in vitro, and highlights that in a physiological setting of rodent skeletal muscle, AMPK does not directly bind to glycogen.
Cross-Linguistic and Multicultural Considerations in Evaluating Bilingual Adults With Aphasia
Authors: Sung Jee Eun , Scimeca Michael , Li Ran , Kiran Swathi 
Published: August 2024

Purpose:
The current study delineated a clinical and theoretical framework that clinicians and researchers can use to guide the assessment of bilingual aphasia at morphosyntactic, lexical–semantic, and phonological levels of language processing.

Method:
This tutorial outlines cross-linguistic and multicultural considerations that should be addressed in evaluating bilingual adults with aphasia (BWAs).

Results:
At the morphosyntactic level, we presented three features that should be taken into account when evaluating linguistic symptoms in languages considering whether they are typologically similar or dissimilar: word order, pro(noun)-drop, and morphological inflections of verbs. We suggest that clinicians need to conduct additional error analyses that reflect typological differences in syntactic templates, argument-deletion phenomena, and morphological inflections to better understand linguistic characteristics of impairments arising from the interactions of the two languages that may differ in many ways. At the lexical–semantic level, we addressed three cross-linguistic features that may impact naming performance in BWAs: cognates, lexical frequency, and semantic typicality. The presence of cognates between the two languages can lead to differential interpretations of naming performance. In addition, the same lexical items may exhibit varying lexical frequency and typicality across languages due to cultural and linguistic differences. We suggest that clinicians should thoroughly prepare the testing items considering the linguistic distance. Finally, we emphasized differences in segmental and suprasegmental features of phonology that could contribute to cross-linguistic phenomena during assessment of two or more languages.

Conclusions:
This cross-linguistic assessment framework contributes to a better understanding of linguistic impairments and communication difficulties experienced by BWAs. This framework can be utilized in current clinical practice to facilitate culturally and linguistically appropriate assessment and treatment approaches for BWAs.