bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
De-indexed estimated glomerular filtration rates for the dosing of oral antidiabetic drugs in patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Pluquet Maxime , Metzger Marie , Jacquelinet Christian , Combe Christian , Fouque Denis , Laville Maurice , Frimat Luc , Massy Ziad A. , Liabeuf Sophie , Laville Solène M. 
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Adjusting drug dose levels based on equations that standardize the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) to a body surface area (BSA) of 1.73 m2 can pose challenges, especially for patients with extremely high or low body mass index (BMI). The objective of the present study of patients with CKD and diabetes was to assess the impact of deindexing creatinine-based equations on estimates of kidney function and on the frequency of inappropriate prescriptions of oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs).Methods: The prospective CKD-REIN cohort is comprised of patients with eGFR &lt;60 mL/min/1.73 m2. The inclusion criteria for this study were the use of OADs and the availability of data on weight, height and serum creatinine. We compared data for three BMI subgroups (group 1 &lt;30 kg/m2; group 2 30–34.9 kg/m2; group 3 ≥35 kg/m2). Inappropriate prescriptions (contraindicated or over-dosed drugs) were assessed with regard to the summary of product characteristics and the patient’s kidney function estimated with the 2009 Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation, the 2021 CKD-EPI equation, the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation, the European Kidney Function Consortium (EKFC) equation, their deindexed estimates, and the Cockcroft-Gault (CG) formula. The impact of deindexing the equations was evaluated by assessing 1) the difference between the indexed and deindexed eGFRs, and 2) the difference in the proportion of patients with at least one inappropriate OAD prescription between the indexed and deindexed estimates.Results: At baseline, 694 patients were receiving OADs. The median BMI was 30.7 kg/m2, the mean BSA was 1.98 m2, and 90% of patients had a BSA &gt;1.73 m2. Deindexing the kidney function estimates led to higher eGFRs, especially in BMI group 3. The proportion of patients with at least one inappropriate prescription differed greatly when comparing indexed and deindexed estimates. The magnitude of the difference increased with the BMI: when comparing BMI group 1 with BMI group 3, the difference was respectively −4% and −10% between deindexed 2021 CKD-EPI and indexed CKD-EPI. Metformin and sitagliptin were the most frequent inappropriately prescribed OADs.Conclusion: We highlight significant differences between the BSA-indexed and deindexed versions of equations used to estimate kidney function, emphasizing the importance of using deindexed estimates to adjust drug dose levels - especially in patients with an extreme BMI.
Empagliflozin alters lipid metabolism in the myocardium and liver in a prediabetes model with severe dyslipidemia
Authors: Miklankova Denisa , Markova Irena , Hüttl Martina , Malinska Hana 
Published: July 2024

Background and aimsRecent studies suggest that empagliflozin reduces total and cardiovascular mortality in both diabetic and nondiabetic subjects. Although the exact mechanism is unclear, it is understood to positively affect myocardial energetics, including the metabolism of ketone bodies, lipids, and fatty acids. In this study, we compared empagliflozin effects on lipid metabolism in the heart and liver in a prediabetic rat model with severe dyslipidemia.Materials and methodsWistar rats served as the control group, while hereditary hypertriglyceridemic (HHTg) rats were used as a nonobese, prediabetic model. Rats were treated with or without empagliflozin at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight (BW) for 8 weeks.ResultsIn HHTg rats, empagliflozin decreased body weight and adiposity, improved glucose tolerance, and decreased serum triacylglycerols (TAGs) (p &lt; 0.001). Empagliflozin decreased the activity and gene expression of the lipogenic enzyme SCD-1 (p &lt; 0.001) in the myocardium, which may have led to a decrease in the ectopic accumulation of TAGs and lipotoxic diacylglycerols and lysophosphatidylcholines (p &lt; 0.001). Changes in the myocardial phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylethanolamine ratio (p &lt; 0.01) and in the fatty acid profile of myocardial phospholipids may have contributed to the antifibrotic effects of empagliflozin. The anti-inflammatory effects of empagliflozin were evidenced by an increased IL-10/TNFα ratio (p &lt; 0.001), a marked decrease in arachidonic acid metabolites (20-HETE, p &lt; 0.001), and an increase in PUFA metabolites (14,15-EETs, p &lt; 0.001) in the myocardium. However, empagliflozin did not significantly affect either the concentration or utilization of ketone bodies. In the liver, empagliflozin decreased lipogenesis and the accumulation of TAGs and lipotoxic intermediates. Its effect on arachidonic acid metabolites and alterations in n-3 PUFA metabolism was less pronounced than in the myocardium.ConclusionOur findings suggest that empagliflozin treatment in the heart and liver reduced the accumulation of neutral lipids and lipotoxic intermediates and altered the metabolism of n-3 PUFA. In the heart, empagliflozin altered arachidonic acid metabolism, which is likely associated with the anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects of the drug. We assume that these alterations in lipid metabolism contribute to the cardioprotective effects of empagliflozin in prediabetic states with severe dyslipidemia.
The effects of gesture and action training on the retention of math equivalence
Authors: Kersey Alyssa J. , Carrazza Cristina , Novack Miriam A. , Congdon Eliza L. , Wakefield Elizabeth M. , Hemani-Lopez Naureen , Goldin-Meadow Susan 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionHand gestures and actions-with-objects (hereafter ‘actions’) are both forms of movement that can promote learning. However, the two have unique affordances, which means that they have the potential to promote learning in different ways. Here we compare how children learn, and importantly retain, information after performing gestures, actions, or a combination of the two during instruction about mathematical equivalence. We also ask whether individual differences in children’s understanding of mathematical equivalence (as assessed by spontaneous gesture before instruction) impacts the effects of gesture- and action-based instruction.MethodAcross two studies, racially and ethnically diverse third and fourth-grade students (N=142) were given instruction about how to solve mathematical equivalence problems (eg., 2+9+4=__+4) as part of a pretest-training-posttest design. In Study 1, instruction involved teaching students to produce either actions or gestures. In Study 2, instruction involved teaching students to produce either actions followed by gestures or gestures followed by actions. Across both studies, speech and gesture produced during pretest explanations were coded and analyzed to measure individual differences in pretest understanding. Children completed written posttests immediately after instruction, as well as the following day, and four weeks later, to assess learning, generalization and retention.ResultsIn Study 1 we find that, regardless of individual differences in pre-test understanding of mathematical equivalence, children learn from both action and gesture, but gesture-based instruction promotes retention better than action-based instruction. In Study 2 we find an influence of individual differences: children who produced relatively few types of problem-solving strategies (as assessed by their pre-test gestures and speech) perform better when they receive action training before gesture training than when they receive gesture training first. In contrast, children who expressed many types of strategies, and thus had a more complex understanding of mathematical equivalence prior to instruction, performed equally with both orders.DiscussionThese results demonstrate that action training, followed by gesture, can be a useful stepping-stone in the initial stages of learning mathematical equivalence, and that gesture training can help learners retain what they learn.
Psychometric properties of the self-report version of the Strengths and Weaknesses of ADHD Symptoms and Normal Behavior Scale in a sample of Hungarian adolescents and young adults
Authors: Vajsz Kornél , Paulina Laura R. , Trejo Salvador , Andaverde-Vega Adrián A. , Swanson James M. , Miklósi Mónika 
Published: July 2024

The Strengths and Weaknesses of ADHD Symptoms and Normal Behaviour Scale (SWAN) measures the full spectrum of attention and activity symptoms, not just the negative end of the distribution. Previous studies revealed strong psychometric properties of the parent and teacher report versions; however, there is little research on the new self-report form of the SWAN. Therefore, our research aimed to explore the psychometric characteristics of the SWAN self-report. A non-clinical sample of young women (N = 664, mean age: 20.01 years, SD: 3.08 years) completed the SWAN self-report, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and the Mental Health Continuum Short Form (MHC-SF). We tested several models using confirmatory factor analyses to assess the factorial validity of the SWAN self-report. Distributional characteristics, convergent, and predictive validity were assessed. A bifactor model with a general factor and a specific inattention factor (bifactor-1) provided the best fit in our data (CFI = 0.977, TLI/NFI = 0.972, RMSEA = 0.053 [90% CI: 0.047 – 0.059], SRMR = 0.061, ω = 0.90). The reliability of the general ADHD factor was good (ωh = 0.87), and the specific inattention factor was acceptable (ωh = 0.73). The distribution of the SWAN self-report scores did not differ from the normal distribution. A strong correlation between the SWAN and the SDQ Hyperactivity subscale was found. The analyses revealed good predictive validity. Our results suggest that the SWAN self-report is a valuable tool for assessing symptoms of ADHD in adolescents and young adults.
An analysis of risk factors and current status of depressive mood in mid-to-late adolescence and early adulthood in northern China
Authors: Yang Xueping , Miao Junxiao , Bai Yunlong , Li Lili , Zhuang Gengsen 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionAt present, the incidence of adolescent depression is increasing each year, having a wide and profound impact on adolescents. This study investigated the mood state of mid-to-late adolescents and young adults and analyzed related factors; clarified the incidence of depression, suicide, and self-injurious thoughts/behaviors in this population; and conducted relevant analysis of related factors of depression and anxiety.MethodsStudy subjects were students aged 14–25 years, from three high schools and one university in Liaoning Province. Study subjects were evaluated using several questionnaires that combined online and offline methods. Specifically, the Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ), Child Depression Inventory (CDI), the Chinese version of the Spence Child Anxiety Scale (SCAS), and a general questionnaire were utilized. Single-factor ANOVA, t-test, Chi-square, and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the data.ResultsThe results showed that, among the 14–17-year-old subjects, the incidence of depression was 336 (14.7%), the incidence of anxiety was 763 (33.5%). Among the 18–25-year-old subjects, the incidence of depression was 34 (8.6%), the incidence of anxiety was 7 (1.8%). In the general questionnaire, 2081 (77.8%) individuals were depressed, 689 (25.8%) had thoughts of self-injury, and 323 (12.1%) had self-injurious behaviors. Among the 14–17-year-old subjects, 1789 (78.46%) were depressed, 689 (30.22%) had self-injury thoughts, and 319 (1.71%) had self-injurious behaviors. Among the 18–25-year-old subjects, 292 (73.92%) were depressed, but 4 (1.01%) had self-injurious behaviors. The incidence of depression and anxiety in adolescents is high, presenting with a certain risk of self-injury. However, age is an important factor in the occurrence of depression and anxiety; among the 18–25-year-old subjects, the incidence of depression (8.6% vs. 4.7%) and anxiety (1.8% vs. 33.5%) was lower than that among the 14–17-year-old population. Through comparative analysis, adolescents aged 14–17 remained at high risk of depression and anxiety.DiscussionIn the analysis of risk factors for depression and anxiety, relationships with classmates, teachers, and parents were reported as important influencing factors of emotional state. Further, a good coping style was found to be protective against depression and anxiety.
Impact of urban and rural residents medical insurance on self-rated health of residents in China: a panel study from the China family panel studies national baseline survey
Authors: Si-Yuan Yu , Ya-Ting Chen , Xiao-Yue Xiao , Dan Wu , Xin-hao Lin , Wen Liu , Tong Pei , Xue-Hui Meng 
Published: July 2024

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the health performance of the Urban and Rural Residents Medical Insurance (URRMI) scheme in China and to make practical recommendations and scientific references for its full implementation in China.MethodsThis is a panel study that uses data from the China Family Panel Studies from 2018 to 2020, which is separated into treated and control groups each year, utilizing the key approach of propensity score matching and difference-in-difference (PSM-DID). Using 1-to-1 k-nearest neighbor matching, we proportionate the baseline data. Using difference-in-difference model, we examine the mean treatment impact of the outcome variables. Using a 500-time random sample regression model, we validate the robustness of the model estimation.ResultsThe result was credible after matching, minimizing discrepancies. Good overall performance of self-rated health with an average Hukou status of, respectively, 0.8 and 0.4 in the treated and control group, primarily in rural and urban regions separately. The participation of URRMI significantly impacted self-rated health of residents, with a 0.456-unit improvement probabilities observed (p &lt; 0.1). Additionally, the individuals are categorized into urban and rural, and those with urban hukou had a 0.311 expansion in the probability of having better health status compared to rural hukou (p &lt; 0.05). Other factors, such as age, highest education, annual income, medical expenditure, hospital scale, clinic satisfaction, and napping, also impacted self-rated health. Moreover, elder individuals, higher education levels, and higher medical expenditure having a higher probability of improvement. The study utilized a placebo test to verify the robustness of the URRMI regression. The estimated coefficients showed that basic medical insurance did not significantly improve the health of insured residents under the URRMI scheme.ConclusionThe study demonstrates the crucial role of PSM-DID in determining the influence of URRMI on self-rated health status. It indicates that purchasing in URRMI has a favorable influence on the health of residents, advancing enhanced self-rated health effectiveness. It does, however, reveal geographical disparities in health, with urban dwellers faring far better than those who live in the suburb. Study suggests expanding URRMI coverage, narrowing urban–rural divide, increasing insurance subsidies, reforming laws, and developing effective advertising strategies.
Navigating new normals: the influence of COVID-19 policies on community access and well-being of people with mobility disabilities in everyday life
Authors: Wendel Carrie L. , Gray Randi Christine , Goddard Kelsey , Hall Jean P. 
Published: July 2024

ContextThis study explores the influence of COVID-19 public health mandates on people with mobility disabilities in the United States in their everyday lives. It highlights the intersection of disability with social determinants of health, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive policy response.MethodsQualitative data were collected through 76 semi-structured interviews with people with mobility disabilities. Interviews focused on experiences with COVID-19 mandates and community access, analyzed using thematic analysis and coded for emergent subthemes.ResultsThe relationship between community participation and COVID-19 compliance was complex for people with disabilities. Inaccessible environments and inflexible policies made it difficult for people with disabilities to practice good safety measures, while widespread noncompliance by community members limited their community participation. The findings revealed additional mixed lived experiences of COVID-19 policies on community participation, accessibility, and access to resources and support. While technology facilitated some aspects of community participation, issues with accessibility, public transportation, and personal assistance services were exacerbated.ConclusionCOVID-19 policies have complex implications for people with mobility disabilities. Findings suggest a need for inclusive policymaking, improved disability awareness, and continued support for accessible technology and services. Future research should further explore these dynamics to inform policy and practice.
Sleep quality and related factors among healthcare workers in designated quarantine hospital site in post-pandemic based on the health ecological model: a cross-sectional study in Nanjing, China
Authors: Zhou Han , Shen Lei , Tan Huafeng , Zhou Jiefang , Zheng Qiyi , Jiang Dongdong 
Published: July 2024

AimsThis study aims to assess the status and related factors among healthcare workers (HCWs) in designated quarantine-hospital-site (DQHS) based on the model of health ecology.MethodsThe cross-sectional study was conducted from April to May, 2022, which included 351 valid samples. We measured sleep quality using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, which encompasses seven dimensions: subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, habitual sleep efficiency, sleep disturbances, use of sleep medication, and daytime dysfunction. Each dimension is scored individually, contributing to an overall sleep quality score. Factors associated with the sleep quality of HCWs in DQHS were divided into individual, behavioral, interpersonal and social dimensions. Hierarchical linear regressions were conducted to identify the potential factors associated with sleep quality among HCWs in DQHS.ResultsHCWs in DQHS had a statistically higher sleep quality than the Chinese national norm. HCWs who were female, afraid of Coronavirus disease, had more negative emotions, frequently worked overtime, were married, and had a higher income were more likely to experience worse sleep quality (p &lt; 0.05), while those who worked between 51 and 70 h weekly, treated over 10 patients daily, and engaged in more health behaviors may have better sleep quality (p &lt; 0.05).ConclusionThis study revealed a worrying level of sleep quality among HCWs in DQHS. The government, hospital managers, and families should collaborate to ensure the sleep quality of HCWs in DQHS.
Validation of full resolution remote sensing reflectance from Sentinel-3 OLCI across optical gradients in moderately turbid transitional waters
Authors: Gleratti Gaia , Martinez-Vicente Victor , Atwood Elizabeth C. , Simis Stefan G. H. , Jackson Thomas 
Published: July 2024

Estuarine and coastal transitional waters present a challenge for the interpretation of radiometric remote sensing. Neighbouring water masses have strongly contrasting optical properties at small spatial scales. Adjacency of land adds optical contaminations (adjacency effect) and further complicates satellite use in near-shore waters. In these areas, the lack of in situ observations has been the bottleneck for the characterisation of the uncertainty of satellite products. Radiometric underway measurements (e.g., ferries, ships of opportunity, autonomous vehicles) produce large volumes of in situ observations that can be used for radiometric validation. In this study, we evaluate the performance of the POLYMER atmospheric correction algorithm for the Ocean and Land Colour Instrument (OLCI) onboard Sentinel-3 (S3) for the retrieval of remote sensing reflectance Rrs(λ) in the transitional waters of Plymouth, United Kingdom using hyperspectral radiometric underway measurements. We explored the effect of the selection of time window, averaged areas around the in situ measurement and quality control flags into the matchup procedure. We selected matchups only within 1 pixel and ±30 min of the satellite overpass. Accuracy (RMSD) decreased spectrally from blue to red wavelengths (from 0.0015 to 0.00025 sr−1) and bias (Median Percentage Difference) was mostly positive (up to more than 100%) in relation to in situ observations. We segregated the dataset with respect to optical water types and distance to shore. Although no statistically significant difference was observed among those factors on the measures of performance for the reflectance retrieval, RMSD was the most sensitive metric. Our study highlights the potential to use OLCI full resolution imagery in nearshore areas and the need for more in situ data to be collected in the more turbid waters.
Remdesivir and molnupiravir had comparable efficacy in lung transplant recipients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19: a single center experience
Authors: Razia Deepika , Sindu Devika , Cherrier Lauren , Grief Katherine , Walia Rajat , Tokman Sofya 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionRemdesivir (REM) and molnupiravir (MOL) are commonly used to treat lung transplant recipients (LTRs) with COVID-19; however, the clinical efficacy of these medications is yet to be compared. In this retrospective cohort study, we compared the clinical outcomes between LTRs with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 treated with REM and those treated with MOL.Methods and ResultsBetween March 2020 and August 2022, 195 LTRs developed COVID-19 at our center. After excluding 82 who presented with severe disease requiring hospitalization, the remaining 113 were included in the analysis: 54 did not receive antiviral treatment, 30 were treated with REM, and 29 were treated with MOL. Adjusted multivariable logistic regression analysis showed similar rates of hospitalization (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.169, [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.105–12.997, p = 0.899], ICU admission (aOR 0.822, 95% CI 0.042–16.220, p = 0.898), mechanical ventilation (aOR 0.903, 95% CI 0.015–55.124, p = 0.961), and COVID-19-related mortality (aOR 0.822, 95% CI 0.042–16.220, p = 0.898) between LTRs treated with REM and those treated with MOL for mild-to-moderate COVID-19, irrespective of SARS-CoV-2 strain.ConclusionMOL may be a suitable alternative to REM to treat LTRs with mild-to-moderate COVID-19, and the choice of antiviral therapy can be driven by practical considerations such as route of administration and drug availability.