bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelación matemática de epidemias simples
Authors: Chamorro G Amparo del Carmen 
Published: July 2024

En este articulo se muestra la utilidad de los paquetes matematices en modelación de epidemias simples en forma determinantica y estocástica, así como el calculo de la tasa de contacto de infección y simulación de desarrollo de dichas epidemias. Para cada tema se presentan los programas hechos en le paquete de Mathematica 3.0 que permiten calcular claramente los parámetros de relevancia epidemiológica, como numero de susceptibles y de infectados, proporción de susceptibles, velocidad de infección, probabilidad de tener un determinado numero de susceptibles en un tiempo determinado, graficas de las curvas epidémicas, calculo de la tasa de infección cuando esta es desconocida y simulación del proceso epidémico.Para explicar la aplicación de la teoría y utilización de los programas se presenta a manera de ejemplo el caso de brote de parotiditis en la vereda Santa Marta de Matanza, Santander, en 1996. Por información directa se sabe que la población susceptible el 14 de julio era de 102 personas y hasta el 5 de octubre había 49 infectados. Se estimó la tasa de infección por medio de simulación, un valor fue 0,0053. Se aplicó el modelo determinístico y los resultados obtenido fueron: duración promedio de la epidemia: 173 días; tiempo promedio de ocurrencia de una nueva infección: 1,6; velocidad máxima de contacto: 1,4 personas por día a los 84, 7 días, instante en le que numero de susceptibles y de infectados era de 5,6 personas, valor muy cercano a os 49 que había realmente a los 84 días.
Incremento de la capacidad comunitaria y del empoderamiento de las comunidades para promover la salud
Authors: Espinosa de Restrepo Helena 
Published: July 2024

Construir capacidad comunitaria (CC) y empoderar a las comunidades para que actúen sobre sus condiciones de vida, son procesos políticos y sociales difíciles que requieren estrategias, habilidades y competencias procedentes de diferentes campos y disciplinas. Comprender la interrelación que existe entre la promoción de la salud (PS), el cambio social, la construcción de capital social, la política y la distribución del poder es esencial para orientar las acciones hacia el mejoramiento de la calidad de vida y la salud de toda la población. No es posible desarrollar un ambiente saludable de convivencia con equidad sin la participación de individuos y de comunidades. Los trabajadores s de la salud necesitan redefinir su papel para impulsar la participación de las organizaciones comunitarias y las comunidades locales. El sector de la salud no ha sido preparado para asumir un papel de liderazgo que le permita ofrecer una respuesta adecuada a las necesidades de la gente. Es necesario evaluar las actuales reformas del sector salud en América Latina para determinar si están afectando negativamente los procesos participativos y aumentando las inequidades. Dada la persistencia de éstas en América Latina, es urgente activar las estrategias participativas.
Seroprevalencia de anticuerpos contra encefalitis esquina venezolana en la población expuesta a la epizootia en el departamento de Casanare, Colombia.
Authors: Pinzón N Nazly Adelaida , Prieto A Franklyn Edwin , Urrego M Diana Zulima , Vela V Claudia Rocío 
Published: July 2024

En el departamento de Casanare, Colombia, entre los meses de mayo y agosto de 1998, se presento una epizootia de encefalitis equina venezolana (EEV) con una incidencia del 8%, en 6 municipios, sin presentación de casos clínicos en humanos. Se diseñó un estudio seccional cruzado con el fin de establecer la seroprevalencia en humanos y explorar factores de riesgo. Se realizó un muestreo aleatorio simple de 304 personas de los 6 municipios afectados, estimando una seroprevalencia de 2,4% con un IC 95% = 1,0 - 4,8 sin encontrar posible asociación con el sexo, edad, antecedentes de vacunación, ocupación y zona afectada. Este comportamiento difiere de la virulencia y afección humana del brote de la Guajira en 1995.El estudio permitió georreferenciar los casos de la enfermedad en équidos y ubicar los casos seroprevalentes de humanos que determinan la circulación histórica del virus en sus dos ciclos y que convierten el departamento de Casanare, por sus condiciones generales, en foca de investigación del problema
How Accurate Numerical Simulation of Seismic Waves in a Heterogeneous Medium Can Be?
Authors: Valovcan Jaroslav , Moczo Peter , Kristek Jozef , Galis Martin , Kristekova Miriam 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
Analysis of equations of motion by Moczo et al. (2022) led to the conclusion that the discrete (grid) representation of the heterogeneous medium must be wavenumber bandlimited up to the Nyquist frequency. This is a consequence of the spatial discretization. Mittet (2021a) reported that if the discrete grid model of medium coincides with the true medium up to some wavenumber, the simulated wavefield is accurate only up to a half of this wavenumber. Here, we present results of the systematic and comprehensive analysis focused on the principal limits of accuracy of numerically simulated wavefields. First, we analyze wavenumber spectra of (1) exact wavefields in a heterogeneous elastic medium, (2) wavenumber bandlimited wavefields, and (3) spatially discretized wavefields. Then, we derive spatial dependence of the frequency spectrum of waves generated by a finite source, and perturbing wavefields due to a small perturbation of the medium and due to a small wavenumber bandlimited perturbation of the medium. We analyze an interaction of an incoming wave with the medium perturbation through a change of phase difference and through wavenumber spectra. We draw conclusions on the wavenumber limitation of wavefields in the wavenumber bandlimited heterogeneous medium. We numerically verify the fundamental finding using exact solutions. The main consequence for the finite-difference (FD) modeling based on spatial discretization of the computational domain is: Due to spatial sampling, the medium must be wavenumber limited up to the Nyquist frequency. Then, the wavefield should not be sampled by less than four spatial grid spacings per shortest wavelength to obtain sufficiently accurate results. This applies to any heterogeneous FD scheme.
Exploration of the "Integration Education" system in the "New Liberal Arts" of Zhejiang University of Applied Sciences
Authors: Jing Luo , Tan Zhao Shu 
Published: July 2024

The local application-oriented undergraduate colleges in Zhejiang Province echo the construction of new liberal arts in the practice of "integration of art and industry" and "integration of production and education" in clothing design education. This article focuses on the exploration and practice of the new liberal arts model of clothing design education, shifting from "subject-oriented" to "demand-oriented," aiming to adapt to the development of the times and serve the transformation and upgrading of regional industrial economy.It explores the theoretical logic and practical orientation of the new liberal arts in clothing design education under the driving force of science and technology and value guidance.Based on the development of clothing industry in Haining City, Jiaxing City and the current situation of application-oriented undergraduate colleges in clothing design education, the study focuses on the integration of disciplines and the collaborative education mechanism of production and education from the perspectives of "locality" and "application-oriented". Integrating the advantages of local clothing industry and cultural characteristics into teaching projects to activate the regional radiation role of local colleges. By carrying out the integration education of "new liberal arts" under the principle of "upholding the tradition and innovating", a cultural ecology for ensuring the quality of clothing design talent cultivation is created.
The impact of Credit Risk on the credit unions in Ghana: What are the financial lessons to be learned?
Authors: Arhin Solomon 
Published: July 2024

Unlike commercial banks that deal with stakeholders and customers from different places, Credit Unions deal solely with their members who are in turn the owners of the union. This can therefore lead to conflict between borrowing members (who demand low credit from the union) and saving members who request a high rate of return on what they have invested in the union. The study aimed to assess the credit risk management approaches and their effects on the financial performance of Credit Unions in Ghana. The study used a purposive sampling technique to select 35 respondents from the credit unions. The data was collected from the respondents using questionnaires. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics such as mean, and standard deviation. The study further revealed that the occurrence of credit risks had retarded the financial progress of the Credit Union and made them spend more than it earns discouraging customers from saving with the Credit Union. The study recommends that the Government and management of the credit unions should have good policies in place to collect back loans granted to customers.
Keywords: Credit risk; credit unions; descriptive statistic; retarded.
ANALISIS UPAH LAHAN PERSAWAHAN (KAJIAN EKONOMI ISLAM, STUDI KASUS DESA PEGAYUT)
Authors: Umari Zuul Fitriani 
Published: July 2024

Pengupahan buruh panen padi di sebagian besar masyarakat pedesaan masih didasarkan pada kebiasaan turun temurun. Praktik ini dilakukan secara terus menerus sehingga seakan-akan menjadi kebenaran dalam praktik pengupahan dengan kondisi masyarakat yang belum memahami secara utuh aturan pengupahan menurut Islam. Keadaan tersebut sebagaimana yang terjadi pada beberapa dusun di Desa Pegayud. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meninjau praktik upah buruh panen padi di beberapa dusun tersebut dalam perspektif hukum Islam. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deksriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Adapun teknik analisis data melalui tahapan reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Penelitian dilakukan kepada penebas dan buruh panen padi yang mempraktikkan pengupahan pertanian padi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa praktik tersebut dalam perspektif akad sudah terpenuhi rukun-rukunnya. Dalam perspektif pembagian, upah yang diterima buruh adalah bawon gabah dengan sistem perbandingan 13 : 1 dan 14 : 1 dari hasil panen dalam satuan kilogram. Upah tersebut tergolong ajrul misli karena banyak sedikitnya tergantung pada kecepatan buruh dalam memanen. Pengupahan dilaksanakan setiap kali ada pekerjaan menanen atau ditabung terlebih dahulu kepada penebas. Hal tersebut sesuai dengan ketentuan penerimaan upah dalam hukum Islam yang harus ditunaikan segera setelah selesai bekerja atau sesuai kesepakatan. Dilihat dari kesesuaiannya terhadap hukum Islam dalam perspektif prinsip pengupahan, praktik upah tersebut sudah memenuhi unsur kelayakan dan kebajikan, hanya saja perlu diperhatikan mengenai unsur keadilan berupa transparansi pembagian upahnya dalam penimbangan.
EKONOMI ISLAM SEBAGAI HUKUM MORAL-SOSIAL MENURUT MUHAMMAD DAWAM RAHARDJO
Authors: Misdalifah Misdalifah , Junaidi Heri , Atika Atika 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Islamic Economics As Moral-Social Law According to Muhammad Dawam Rahardjo is a study of Muslim economists who criticize the concept of capitalist economy. Dawam Rahardjo considers that the capitalist economy has developed a crime of Identical Economics with Actors who have the capacity of funds and social status above the average society. The concept of Islamic Economics According to Muhammad Dawam Rahardjo is based on: (1) Islamic economics is an economic science based on the values ​​of Islamic teachings, (2) Islamic economics is a system concerning the regulation of economic activity in a society or State based on the way or Islamic method (fiqh muamalah). The values ​​of Islamic teachings and the Islamic method (fiqh muamalah) constitute a unity of social moral law that constructs the Islamic economy, and (3) the intention of the interpretation of the pragmatic nature as practiced by the State of Islam. Furthermore, the Application of Moral-Social Law on Muslims' activities according to Dawam Rahardjo is done both from institutional transactions in accordance with Islamic values. Such as Save Loans with No Interest, trust in transactions Buy and Sell with Online, sell Halal Products.
Keywords: M. Dawam Rahardjo, Shariah Economic Law, Moral-Social Law

ABSTRAK
Ekonomi Islam Sebagai Hukum Moral-Sosial Menurut Muhammad Dawam Rahardjo merupakan kajian tokoh ekonom Muslim yang mengkritisi Konsep ekonomi kapitalis. Dawam Rahardjo menilai bahwa ekonomi kapitalis tersebut telah menumbuhkembangkan kejahatan Ekonomi yang Identik dengan Pelaku yang memiliki kapasitas dana dan status sosial diatas masyarakat rata-rata. Konsep Ekonomi Islam Menurut Muhammad Dawam Rahardjo didasarkan pada: (1) ekonomi Islam adalah ilmu ekonomi yang berdasarkan nilai-nilai ajaran Islam, (2) ekonomi Islam adalah sistem menyangkut pengaturan kegiatan ekonomi dalam suatu masyarakat atau Negara berdasar cara atau metode islami (fiqh muamalah). Nilai-nilai ajaran Islam dan metode islami (fiqh muamalah) yang menjadi satu kesatuan hukum moral sosial inilah yang membangun ekonomi Islam itu, dan (3) maksud dari penafsiran tersebut adalah sebagai perekonomian umat Islam, penafsiran ini muncul dari sifat pragmatis sebagaimana dilakukan oleh Negara Islam. Selanjutnya, Penerapan Hukum Moral-Sosial dalam aktivitas perekonomian umat Islam Menurut Dawam Rahardjo dilakukan baik dari transaksi kelembagaan sesuai dengan nilai-nilai Islam. Seperti Simpan Pinjam dengan Tanpa Bunga, amanah dalam bertransaksi Jual Beli dengan Online, melakukan jual Beli Produk Halal.
Kata Kunci: M Dawam Rahardjo, Hukum Ekonomi Syari’ah, Hukum Moral-Sosial
Pivotal roles of mitochondria in linking dopamine catabolism to axonal myelination: Implication for the pathogenesis and treatment of schizophrenia
Authors: Xu Haiyun , Yang Fan , Zhang Yi , Jiang Cuiting , Ouyang Na , Wang Qianqian , Wang Ping , Zheng Peiwen , Wang Wei , Zhang Handi , He Jue , Liu Yanlong , Lin Lingyun , Tong Zhiqian , Yu Xin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Schizophrenia is one of the most complex and debilitating brain diseases. Patients with schizophrenia may present various clinical manifestations that have been categorized into positive symptoms , negative symptoms, and cognitive deficits. In relation to these complex clinical manifestations, multiple hypotheses have been proposed to understand the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, such as the so-called dopamine (DA) hypothesis, mitochondrion hypothesis, oligodendrocyte (OL) hypothesis, etc. The concurrent existence of multiple hypotheses about one brain disease suggests a possible common neurobiological mechanism linking some of these hypotheses. This possible neurobiological mechanism has been demonstrated in this study with animal models of schizophrenia, cultured OLs, and neuron-OL co-cultures. Adolescent C57BL/6 mice given tolcapone (TOL) for two weeks showed DA elevation in prefrontal cortex (PFC), functional impairment of mitochondria in brain cells, and hypomyelination in PFC, hippocampus, and caudate putamen (CPu) in a dose-dependent manner, in addition to schizophrenia-related behaviors. The catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene knock-out (COMT-ko) mice presented dopaminergic dysfunctions in PFC and CPu, functional deficit of mitochondria, mature OL decrease, and hypomyelination in the same brain regions as those in TOL-treated mice. In cultured OLs, DA inhibited the cell development in a concentration-dependent manner while impairing mitochondrial functions. These effects of DA on cultured cells were ameliorated by the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and trans-2-phenylcyclopropy (TCP), an inhibitor of mitochondrial monoamine oxidases (MAOs). Moreover, DA inhibited axonal myelination in neuron-OL co-cultures while impairing mitochondrial functions. These data demonstrate the pivotal roles of mitochondria in linking DA catabolism to axonal myelination in the brain and provide a novel insight into the pathogenesis and therapeutic strategy for schizophrenia.
Environmental Implications of Physicochemical Differences Between Environmental Nanoplastics and Their Commercial Forms
Authors: Şengül HATİCE , Bülbül Onurcan , Şen Elif Hilal 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Nanoplastics are ubiquitously present in the aqueous medium carrying an increased risk due to their size and extended lifetime. Behaviour of environmentally relevant nanoplastics in the aqueous medium differs from engineered nanoplastics because of alterations in physicochemical properties through natural aging. Examination of these alterations and their implications for environmental behaviour need to be studied urgently. This study aims to partially fill the gap by conceptual analysis of changes in environmental stability of five types of environmentally relevant nanoplastic models upon aging. Aged samples were taken from aged surfaces of plastics collected from nature that were altered naturally whereas young samples are from their original commercial counterparts. Five types of plastics were selected within the scope including the most widely used PVC (Polyvinyl chloride), PP (PolyPropylene), PS (Polystyrene) and Nylon66, and PET (PolyEthylene Terephthalate) plastics. Characterization techniques for identification of changes physicochemical properties at nanoscopic and molecular scales included Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS), Wide-Angle X-ray Scattering (WAXS) and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). The analysis revealed several notable differences between original and aged samples in terms of structural arrangement, size, shape, crystallinity, chemical structure, and surface functionalization. The effect of aging was the most pronounced for PP polymer. PVC polymer, on the other hand, stayed structurally the most similar to its original form whilst fragmentated to a signifant degree. Conceptual examination of implications for environmental stability revealed that aged nanoplastics could be less mobile in the aquatic medium than their original counterparts. Similar studies need to be vigoruously pursued to further address relevant physicochemical changes to formulate eco-design decisions for plastics production.
Rescue of lysosomal acid lipase deficiency in mice by rAAV8 liver gene transfer
Authors: Amendola Mario , Laurent Marine , Harb Rim , Jenny Christine , Oustelandt Julie , Jimenez Simon , Cosette Jeremie , Landini Francesca , Ferrante Aristide , Corre Guillaume , Vujic Nemanja , Piccoli Claudia , Brassier Anaïs , Wittenberghe Laetitia van , Ronzitti Giuseppe , Kratky Dagmar , Pacelli Consiglia 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Lysosomal acid lipase deficiency (LAL-D) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the LIPA gene, which results in lipid accumulation leading to multi-organ failure. If left untreated, the severe form of LAL-D results in premature death within the first year of life due to failure to thrive and hepatic insufficiency. Enzyme replacement therapy is the only available supportive treatment consisting in weekly systemic injections of recombinant LAL protein. Here, we characterized a novel Lipa-/- mouse model and developed a curative gene therapy treatment based on the in vivo administration of recombinant (r)AAV8 vector encoding the human LIPA transgene under the control of a hepatocyte-specific promoter. We defined the minimal rAAV8 dose required to rescue disease lethality and to correct cholesterol and triglyceride accumulation in multiple organs and blood. Finally, using liver transcriptomic and biochemical analysis, we showed mitochondrial impairment in Lipa-/- mice and its recovery by gene therapy. Overall, our in vivo gene therapy strategy achieves a stable long-term LAL expression sufficient to correct the disease phenotype in the Lipa-/- mouse model and offers a new therapeutic option for LAL-D patients.
Insulin level regulators may affect cognitive ability caused by motion sickness: an experimental study
Authors: Zhong Mengyu , Zhu Jian , Zhang Bohan , Shen Hui , Li Hongxia , Tang Yuxiao , Nie Shuang , Mo Fengfeng 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Abnormal acceleration induced motion sickness (MS) and elevated blood glucose levels, showing obviously cognitive impairments. The mechanism of cognitive impairment caused by MS is still unclear. Here, blood metabolite detection, insulin level regulators, stress hormones, cytokines and MS assessment were conducted for the population and MS model rats, correlation analysis of motion sickness index (MSI) and above factors were conducted by Pearson correlation analysis. We found glucose after acceleration was positively correlated with Graybiel’s score. Insulin and leptin levels decreased, while ghrelin level increased after acceleration in both human and rat groups. We injected insulin level regulators into rats before being exposed to acceleration, the results showed that MSI of the insulin group (INS) was significantly lower than rotation group (ROT), streptozotocin group (STZ) and streptozotocin & insulin group (SINS). MSI in STZ was higher than ROT and INS. Rats injected with ghrelin showed higher MSI than the control group and (D-LYS3)-GHRP-6 (ghrelin antagonist) group. Acceleration stimulation induced phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) and expression of synaptic protein in hippocampus. We also found that the insulin microinjection into hippocampus prevented MS symptoms and cognitive ability as measured by the MSI, the total distance of the Open Field Test and correct choice of T-maze. Our study indicates that insulin and insulin level regulators can affect MS symptoms and cognitive ability.
Elucidating the role of cGAS in pan-cancer using integrated bioinformatics and experimental approaches
Authors: Lian Zhen , Liu Xue , Li Xue 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

cGAS play an important role in regulating both the tumor immune responses and DNA damage repair. Nevertheless, there was little research that comprehensively analysis the correlation between cGAS and tumor microenvironment, immune cell infiltration, and DNA damage repair in different cancers. In this study, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) data were used to analysis the mRNA expression and genomic alterations of cGAS in pan-cancer. HPA database were used to explore the protein levels of cGAS in normal tissues and cancers. Correlation analysis were performed to explore the role of cGAS in interferons expression, immune cells infiltrations, DNA damage repair, and predictive immune markers. The prognostic value of cGAS was analyzed using survival data from the TCGA, Kaplan-Meier plotter database and PrognoScan database. Lastly, the role of cGAS in DNA damage repair signaling and interferon signaling was validated in NSCLC cell lines. The results showed that cGAS was widely expressed in human normal tissues and various cancers, and the expression of cGAS was significantly upregulated in almost all of the solid cancers. Genomic analysis indicated that the expression of cGAS was positively correlated with copy number levels, while negatively correlated with the methylation levels of cGAS promoter. In addition, the level of cGAS was positively correlated with the type I interferons expression, infiltration levels of most immune cell types, TMB and MSI levels, stromal and immune scores, and DNA damage repair gene sets including nonhomologous end joining and homologous recombination pathway. Survival analysis indicated that cGAS levels were associated with patients prognosis in several cancers. Lastly, in vitro study showed knockdown of cGAS expression inhibits the DNA damage repair signaling pathway and interferon signaling in NSCLC. In conclusions, cGAS is wildly activated in human cancers, which might participate in regulating cancer immunity and DNA damage repair. cGAS could be used as an effective target for cancer treatment, and might be a potential predictive immune marker.