bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Congenital lower urinary tract obstruction: a population‐based epidemiological study
Authors: Malin G , Tonks AM , Morris RK , Gardosi J , Kilby MD 
Published: August 2012

Please cite this paper as: Malin G, Tonks A, Morris R, Gardosi J, Kilby M. Congenital lower urinary tract obstruction: a population‐based epidemiological study. BJOG 2012;119:1455–1464.Objective  To determine the prevalence and outcome of lower urinary tract obstruction (LUTO), including the sensitivity of antenatal diagnosis.Design  A retrospective population‐based study.Setting  Regional population‐based congenital anomalies register (WMCAR).Population  Fetuses affected by LUTO delivered between 1995 and 2007 to women resident in the West Midlands.Methods  Cases were selected from the WMCAR using codes and keyword terms from the International Classification of Diseases, tenth revision (ICD10). Diagnoses were validated using additional data sets from Regional Fetal Medicine, Perinatal Pathology and Paediatric services.Main outcome measures  Rates of prevalence, prenatal diagnosis and mortality, with trends.Results  There were 284 LUTO cases in 851 419 births during the study period, representing a total prevalence of 3.34 (2.95–3.72) per 10 000 births, and this prevalence did not change significantly over time. The prevalence of LUTO was significantly higher in Black and minority ethnic groups when compared with white Europeans (OR 2.38; 95% CI 1.87–3.03), and are associated with area‐based deprivation measures (P < 0.01). Of all LUTO cases, 221 (77.8%) were isolated, and the remainder were associated with other structural or chromosomal anomalies. The most common subtype was posterior urethral valves (PUVs; n = 179, 63%). In total there were 211 (74.3%) cases of isolated, non‐female, singleton fetuses that fitted the referral criteria for in utero vesico‐amniotic shunting, giving a prevalence of 2.48 (2.14–2.81) per 10 000 live births. Within this group, the prenatal diagnosis rate was 46.9% (99/211).Conclusion  This is the largest population‐based study of LUTO that has been performed to date, and provides accurate estimates for prevalence. The low prevalence and relatively low rate of antenatal detection limit the number of cases amenable to prenatal surgical intervention.
Informing the public health
Authors: Birkenhead Gary 
Published: August 2012

AbstractWhy with an increase in the amount of health information, and ways of accessing it, so many people experience poor health? What is the role of health library and information professionals in improving public health? These questions are of great interest to me. There are many examples of initiatives, particularly in the public library sector, which address health issues, however they are often very local and best practice is not always shared. Clearly changing the health status of a population requires more than information, but information is clearly an essential component. If health information is to be effective in improving public health then we need to address health literacy, and this is where health library and information professionals can play a significant role. Through this journal and the other activities of the Health Libraries Group I hope we can share good practice and explore new ways that health library and information workers can improve the health of individuals and communities.
Psychological distress and perceived support among Jordanian parents living with a child with cerebral palsy: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Al‐Gamal Ekhlas , Long Tony 
Published: August 2012

Background:  Cerebral palsy, with a prevalence in Europe of 2–2.5 per 1000 live births, is the most common severe physical disability affecting children. While many parents have positive perceptions of their disabled children, caring for a child with disability can be exhausting and stressful, and social support is an important coping resource. There is little evidence about how having a child with cerebral palsy affects Jordanian parents.Aim:  The purpose of this study was to provide insight into the psychological distress and perceived support among Jordanian parents living with a child with cerebral palsy.Method:  In 2010, a cross‐sectional, descriptive, correlational design was used with a nonprobability sample of 204 Jordanian parents. Both mothers and fathers, interviewed individually rather than in pairs, were recruited from health care centres that provided comprehensive care for children with cerebral palsy in Jordan and from designated schools for special education. The Gross Motor Function Classification System, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), the Beck Depression Inventory, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) were administered to parents. Descriptive statistical analysis was applied. Bivariate correlation analysis was undertaken to examine the relationship between variables.Results:  More than 60% of parents often felt nervous and stressed. The mean score on the PSS was 27.0 (SD = 9.33), and the mean score on the MSPSS was 58.9 (SD = 15.1). Severe disability in the child was associated with high mental distress in the parent and linked to low support from friends. There was a significant negative correlation between parental stress, depression and social support. Parents with the most psychological distress were the least well supported.Conclusion:  This study has implications for health professionals in terms of developing strategies for reducing parental stress. There are implications for policy to provide support for parents and to develop family‐centred services. The findings will inform an intervention study to investigate multi‐professional support.
AKAP‐dependent sensitization ofCav3.2 channels via theEP4receptor/cAMPpathway mediatesPGE2‐induced mechanical hyperalgesia
Authors: Sekiguchi Fumiko , Aoki Yuka , Nakagawa Maiko , Kanaoka Daiki , Nishimoto Yuta , Tsubota‐Matsunami Maho , Yamanaka Rumi , Yoshida Shigeru , Kawabata Atsufumi 
Published: August 2012

Background and PurposeTheCav3.2 isoform ofT‐typeCa2+channels (Tchannels) is sensitized by hydrogen sulfide, a pro‐nociceptive gasotransmitter, and also byPKAthat mediatesPGE2‐induced hyperalgesia. Here we examined and analysedCav3.2 sensitization via thePGE2/cAMPpathway inNG108‐15 cells that expressCav3.2 and produce cAMPin response toPGE2, and its impact on mechanical nociceptive processing in rats.Experimental ApproachInNG108‐15 cells and rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons,T‐channel‐dependent currents (Tcurrents) were measured with the whole‐cell patch‐clamp technique. The molecular interaction ofCav3.2 with A‐kinase anchoring protein 150 (AKAP150) and its phosphorylation were analysed by immunoprecipitation/immunoblotting inNG108‐15 cells. Mechanical nociceptive threshold was determined by the paw pressure test in rats.Key ResultsInNG108‐15 cells and/or ratDRGneurons, dibutyryl cAMP(db‐cAMP) orPGE2increasedTcurrents, an effect blocked byAKAPSt‐Ht31 inhibitor peptide (AKAPI) orKT5720, aPKAinhibitor. The effect ofPGE2was abolished byRQ‐00015986‐00, anEP4receptor antagonist.AKAP150 was co‐immunoprecipitated withCav3.2, regardless of stimulation with db‐cAMP, andCav3.2 was phosphorylated by db‐cAMPorPGE2. In rats, intraplantar (i.pl.) administration of db‐cAMPorPGE2caused mechanical hyperalgesia, an effect suppressed byAKAPI, two distinctT‐channel blockers,NNC55‐0396 and ethosuximide, or ZnCl2, known to inhibitCav3.2 amongTchannels. Oral administration ofRQ‐00015986‐00 suppressed thePGE2‐induced mechanical hyperalgesia.Conclusion and ImplicationsOur findings suggest thatPGE2causesAKAP‐dependent phosphorylation and sensitization ofCav3.2 through theEP4receptor/cAMP/PKApathway, leading to mechanical hyperalgesia in rats.
The dynamic nature of type 1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1) gene transcription
Authors: Laprairie RB , Kelly MEM , Denovan‐Wright EM 
Published: August 2012

The type 1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1) is an integral component of the endocannabinoid system that modulates several functions in the CNS and periphery. The majority of our knowledge of the endocannabinoid system involves ligand–receptor binding, mechanisms of signal transduction, and protein–protein interactions. In contrast, comparatively little is known about regulation of CB1 gene expression. The levels and anatomical distribution of CB1 mRNA and protein are developmental stage‐specific and are dysregulated in several pathological conditions. Moreover, exposure to a variety of drugs, including cannabinoids themselves, alters CB1 gene expression and mRNA levels. As such, alterations in CB1 gene expression are likely to affect the optimal response to cannabinoid‐based therapies, which are being developed to treat a growing number of conditions. Here, we will examine the regulation of CB1 mRNA levels and the therapeutic potential inherent in manipulating expression of this gene.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Cannabinoids. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2012.167.issue‐8
Interactions Between the Apolipoprotein A1/C3/A5 Haplotypes and Alcohol Consumption on  Serum Lipid Levels
Authors: Yin Rui‐Xing , Li Yi‐Yang , Wu Jin‐Zhen , Pan Shang‐Ling , Liu Cheng‐Wu , Lin Wei‐Xiong , Yang De‐Zhai 
Published: August 2012

BackgroundThe interactions between apolipoprotein (Apo) A1/C3/A5 haplotypes and alcohol consumption on serum lipid profiles have not been previously explored. The present study was undertaken to detect the polymorphisms of ApoA1 −75 bp G>A (rs1799837), ApoC3 3238C>G (rs5128), ApoA5 −1131T>C (rs662799), ApoA5 c.553G>T (rs2075291), and ApoA5 c.457G>A (rs3135507) and the interactions between their haplotypes and alcohol consumption on serum lipid levels.MethodsGenotyping was performed in 1,030 unrelated subjects (516 nondrinkers and 514 drinkers) aged 15 to 89. The interactions between ApoA1/C3/A5 haplotypes and alcohol consumption on serum lipid levels were detected by factorial regression analysis after controlling for potential confounders.ResultsThe frequencies of ApoC3 3238 CG/GG genotypes and ApoA1 −75 bp A allele in nondrinkers were higher in females than in males (p < 0.05). The frequencies of ApoC3 3238 CG/GG genotypes and G allele in drinkers were higher in females than in males (p < 0.05). The frequencies of ApoA1 −75 bp GA/AA genotypes and A allele in males were higher, and those of ApoC3 3238 CG/GG genotypes were lower in drinkers than in nondrinkers (p < 0.05 to 0.01). The frequency of ApoC3 3238 GG genotype in male drinkers was also higher in ≥25 g/d than in <25 g/d subgroups (p < 0.05). There were 11 haplotypes with a frequency >1% in our study population. The haplotypes of G–G–T–C–G (in the order of c.553G>T, c.457G>A, −1131T>C, 3238C>G, and −75 bp G>A), G–G–T–C–A, and G–G–C–G–G were shown consistent interactions with alcohol consumption to increase serum total cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C), and ApoA1 levels (p < 0.05 to 0.001). The interactions between G–G–T–G–G (HDL‐C and ApoA1), G–G–C–C–A (ApoA1), G–A–T–C–G (triglyceride), G–G–T–C–G (ApoA1/ApoB ratio), and G–G–C–G–G (ApoB) haplotypes and alcohol consumption on serum lipid levels were also detected (p < 0.05 to 0.001); the levels of these serum lipid parameters were significantly higher in drinkers than in nondrinkers.ConclusionsThe differences in serum lipid parameters between drinkers and nondrinkers might partly result from different interactions between the ApoA1/C3/A5 haplotypes and alcohol consumption.
Eight‐year experience of bloodless surgery at a tertiary care hospital in Korea
Authors: Jo Kyung Il , Shin Jeong Won , Choi Tae Yoon , Park Yu Jin , Youm Wook , Kim Moon Jung 
Published: August 2012

BACKGROUND: The Soonchunhyang University Hospital Bloodless Center was established in 2000, and more than 2000 bloodless surgeries has been performed there since. This study was carried out to analyze the characteristics of patients who underwent bloodless surgery and the influences of postoperative lowest hemoglobin level (Hblow) along with the lowest postoperative Hb/preoperative Hb ratio (Hblow/pre) on successful completion of bloodless surgery.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 1407 patients were included. Patients were divided according to Hblow into not more than 7 and more than 7 g/dL groups and compared regarding use of transfusion alternatives, coexisting risk factors, and mortality rate. They were also grouped as Hblow/pre of not more than 0.5 or more than 0.5, and mortalities were compared between them.RESULTS: Jehovah's Witnesses comprised 1323 (94.0%) of the total population. The frequency of simultaneous use of erythropoietin and iron was significantly higher in Hblow of not more than 7 group than in more than 7 g/dL group, as was the use of hemostatics. Among risk factors urging transfusion, the frequencies of cardiovascular disease and cerebrovascular accident were higher in Hblow of not more than 7 than in the more than 7 g/dL group. Mortality rates in Hblow of not more than 7 g/dL and Hblow/pre of not more than 0.5 groups were significantly higher than those in Hblow of more than 7 g/dL and Hblow/pre of more than 0.5 groups, respectively.CONCLUSION: We have provided an effective bloodless surgery program for the past 10 years. A prospective multicenter study with other bloodless centers in Korea concerning mortality rates, actual operative blood loss, and postoperative complications in high‐risk group of patients would be needed to establish evidence‐based guidelines for bloodless surgery.
High anti‐HLA response in women exposed to intrauterine transfusions for severe alloimmune hemolytic disease is associated with mother–child HLA triplet mismatches, high anti‐D titer, and new red blood cell antibody formation
Authors: Verduin Esther P. , Schonewille Henk , Brand Anneke , Haasnoot Geert W. , Claas Frans H.J. , Lindenburg Irene T.M. , Lopriore Enrico , Oepkes Dick , Roelen Dave L. , Doxiadis Ilias I.N. 
Published: August 2012

BACKGROUND: Women whose fetuses were treated with intrauterine transfusions (IUTs) for alloimmune hemolytic disease are high responders to red blood cell (RBC) antigens. We investigated the risk for HLA alloimmunization.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Women and their children treated with IUT between 1987 and 2008 were included. Participants were HLA antigen typed and studied for the prevalence of HLA antibodies compared to age‐matched parous nontransfused blood donors. Anti‐D titer, the formation of new RBC antibodies after IUT, and the degree of fetomaternal HLA mismatches on HLA antibody formation and/or persistence were analyzed.RESULTS: A higher prevalence of HLA Class I antibodies was observed in these women compared to controls (41% vs. 23%). Both a higher anti‐D titer (>8000) and formation of new RBC antibodies after IUT were associated with increased HLA immunization. HLA antibody formation was associated with the number of fetomaternal triplet epitope mismatches. Antigens within HLA‐Bw4, HLA‐B35/51/52/53/18/78‐complex and A1/A9, were higher and mismatches within HLA‐C were less immunogenic than expected. HLA antibodies against the IUT‐treated fetus were more persistent than other antibodies.CONCLUSION: Women whose fetuses were treated with IUT had a high risk of developing and maintain fetal‐specific HLA Class I antibodies. Factors associated with increased HLA immunization were a higher amount of fetomaternal HLA triplet mismatches, higher anti‐D titer, and additional RBC antibody formation. We presume that the induction of HLA Class I antibodies is the result of increased fetomaternal hemorrhage during IUT, eliciting antibodies in women with an increased susceptibility to alloimmunization.
Hippocampal Agenesis in an Individual who Engaged in Violent Criminal Behaviors After Discontinuing Carbamazepine and Paroxetine Treatment
Authors: Hanada Hiroaki , Akiyoshi Jotaro , Kanehisa Masayuki , Ishitobi Yoshinobu , Tsuru Jusen , Tanaka Yoshihiro , Shimomura Tsuyoshi , Kawano Yoshihisa 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAntidepressant discontinuation syndrome (ADS) occurs after abrupt discontinuation of an antidepressant medication. A 23‐year‐old man with right hippocampal agenesis demonstrated sexual crime (hypersexuality) since the age of eight and had been successfully treated with carbamazepine since the age of 13. He had required increased doses of paroxetine and carbamazepine owing to the development of an unstable affect after quitting his job. He abruptly stopped taking his medication for 3 days and his criminal behaviors re‐emerged. We examined changes in brain structure and activity before and after medication cessation, using MRI and functional MRI (fMRI). The image of a girl in a swimsuit increased activity in the thalamus only after medication discontinuation. The alteration in thalamic activity might induce hypersexuality. We conclude that a primary hypersexuality had been suppressed with carbamazepine and paroxetine treatment, and the discontinuation of the medication caused the hypersexuality.
Characterization of the Standard and Recommended CODIS Markers*
Authors: Katsanis Sara H. , Wagner Jennifer K. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAs U.S. courts grapple with constitutional challenges to DNA identification applications, judges are resting legal decisions on the fingerprint analogy, questioning whether the information from a DNA profile could, in light of scientific advances, reveal biomedically relevant information. While CODIS loci were selected largely because they lack phenotypic associations, how this criterion was assessed is unclear. To clarify their phenotypic relevance, we describe the standard and recommended CODIS markers within the context of what is known currently about the genome. We characterize the genomic regions and phenotypic associations of the 24 standard and suggested CODIS markers. None of the markers are within exons, although 12 are intragenic. No CODIS genotypes are associated with known phenotypes. This study provides clarification of the genomic significance of the key identification markers and supports—independent of the forensic scientific community—that the CODIS profiles provide identification but not sensitive or biomedically relevant information.
Total Situs Inversus Found Coincidentally Following a Firearm Injury
Authors: Turk Figen , Yuncu Gökhan , Ozturk Gökhan , Ekinci Yasin , Semerkant Tolga 
Published: August 2012

AbstractSitus inversus totalis is very rare and usually diagnosed coincidentally as it does not affect the patient's life. Being unaware of the patient's condition can lead to undesirable results from the surgeon and patient's point of view when an emergency and forensic surgical intervention is required. We present a case who was operated on urgently for a firearm injury after receiving a preoperative diagnosis of situs inversus totalis. In conclusion, situs inversus totalis can cause difficulties for surgeons in case of emergency surgery and is usually diagnosed coincidentally. There are a few cases of situs inversus with lung cancer in the literature but this is the first time a case with a firearm injury has been reported.
Fatal Ischemic Enteritis with Hemorrhage—A Late Complication of Treated Wilms Tumor
Authors: Gilbert John D. , Byard Roger W. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA 35‐year‐old man with a history of childhood Wilms tumor successfully treated with radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgery, collapsed and died unexpectedly in hospital following admission for abdominal pain. At autopsy, there was ischemic necrosis of the small intestine with altered blood within the stomach and small intestine. Within the upper abdominal aorta, there was patchy confluent calcific atherosclerosis with extension into the proximal superior mesenteric artery which was occluded by thrombus. Death was attributed to ischemic enteritis of the small intestine caused by mesenteric artery thrombosis complicated by gastrointestinal hemorrhage with aspiration. Localization of atherosclerosis to the radiation field with no significant atherosclerosis elsewhere and the young age of the decedent were supportive of radiation‐induced atherogenesis. Geographically, localized atherosclerosis at autopsy in a tumor survivor should raise the possibility of a treatment‐related side effect that may directly contribute to death many years after the original therapeutic intervention.
Women with acute intermittent porphyria have a defect in 5α‐steroid production during the menstrual cycle
Authors: INNALA EVA , BÄCKSTRÖM TORBJÖRN , POROMAA INGER SUNDSTRÖM , ANDERSSON CHRISTER , BIXO MARIE 
Published: August 2012

AbstractObjective. To measure serum concentrations of progesterone, estradiol and 5α‐ and 5β‐reduced progesterone metabolites in the follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle in women with latent acute intermittent porphyria and manifest acute intermittent porphyria in comparison with healthy control women. Design. A descriptive study with repeated measurements during a complete, ovulatory menstrual cycle. Setting. University hospital out‐patient clinic. Population. Thirty‐two women with DNA‐diagnosed acute intermittent porphyria and 20 healthy control women. Methods. Blood samples for serum progesterone, estradiol, allopregnanolone and pregnanolone were drawn on predefined menstrual cycle days, twice in the follicular phase and three times in the luteal phase. Serum levels of estradiol and progesterone were analysed with commercial kits. Allopregnanolone and pregnanolone levels were analysed with radioimmunoassay following diethylether extraction and celite column chromatography. Main outcome measures. Changes in serum levels of progesterone, estradiol, allopregnanolone and pregnanolone throughout the menstrual cycle. Results. Women with acute intermittent porphyria displayed lower serum concentrations of allopregnanolone in comparison with healthy control women, the difference being most prominent in the luteal phase (p < 0.001). Levels of pregnanolone did not differ significantly between groups. No significant difference was found between women with latent acute intermittent porphyria and manifest acute intermittent porphyria. Conclusions. Decreased levels of the 5α‐reduced progesterone metabolite allopregnanolone were found in the menstrual cycle of women with acute intermittent porphyria. This has not been reported previously and could indicate a reduced 5α‐reductase type 1 capacity in the ovary and liver among these women.