bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ventricular Tachycardia in Cardiac Sarcoidosis
Authors: Kumar Saurabh , Barbhaiya Chirag , Nagashima Koichi , Choi Eue-Keun , Epstein Laurence M. , John Roy M. , Maytin Melanie , Albert Christine M. , Miller Amy L. , Koplan Bruce A. , Michaud Gregory F. , Tedrow Usha B. , Stevenson William G. 
Published: December 2014

Background—
Cardiac sarcoid–related ventricular tachycardia (VT) is a rare disorder; the underlying substrate and response to ablation are poorly understood. We sought to examine the ventricular substrate and outcomes of catheter ablation in this population.

Methods and Results—

Of 435 patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy referred for VT ablation, 21 patients (5%) had cardiac sarcoidosis. Multiple inducible VTs were observed with mechanism consistent with scar-mediated re-entry in all VTs. Voltage maps showed widespread and confluent right ventricular scarring. Left ventricular scarring was patchy with a predilection for the basal septum, anterior wall, and perivalvular regions. Epicardial right ventricular scar overlay and exceeded the region of corresponding endocardial scar. After ≥1 procedures, ablation abolished ≥1 inducible VT in 90% and eliminated VT storm in 78% of patients; however, multiple residual VTs remained inducible. Failure to abolish all inducible VTs was because of septal intramural circuits or extensive right ventricular scarring. Multiple procedure VT-free survival was 37% at 1 year, but VT control was achievable in the majority of patients with fewer antiarrhythmic drugs compared with preablation (2.1±0.8 versus 1.1±0.8;
P
<0.001).

Conclusions—
Patients with cardiac sarcoidosis and VT exhibit ventricular substrate characterized by confluent right ventricular scarring and patchy left ventricular scarring capable of sustaining a large number of re-entrant circuits. Catheter ablation is effective in terminating VT storm and eliminating ≥1 inducible VT in the majority of patients, but recurrences are common. Ablation in conjunction with antiarrhythmic drugs can help palliate VT in this high-risk population.
Accessory Atrioventricular Pathways Refractory to Catheter Ablation
Authors: Scanavacca Maurício Ibrahim , Sternick Eduardo Back , Pisani Cristiano , Lara Sissy , Hardy Carina , d’Ávila André , Correa Frederico Soares , Darrieux Francisco , Hachul Denise , Marcial Miguel Barbero , Sosa Eduardo A. 
Published: December 2014

Background—
Epicardial mapping and ablation of accessory pathways through a subxiphoid approach can be an alternative when endocardial or epicardial transvenous mapping has failed.

Methods and Results—
We reviewed acute and long-term follow-up of 21 patients (14 males) referred for percutaneous epicardial accessory pathway ablation. There was a median of 2 previous failed procedures. All patients were highly symptomatic, 8 had atrial fibrillation (3 with cardiac arrest) and 13 had frequent symptomatic episodes of atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia. Six patients (28.5%) had a successful epicardial ablation. Five patients (23.8%) underwent a successful repeated endocardial mapping, and ablation after epicardial mapping yielded no early activation site. Epicardial mapping was helpful in guiding endocardial ablation in 2 patients (9.5%), showing that the earliest activation was simultaneous at the epicardium and endocardium. Four patients (19%) underwent successful open-chest surgery after failing epicardial/endocardial ablation. Two patients (9.5%) remained controlled under antiarrhythmic drugs after unsuccessful endocardial/epicardial ablation. Two patients had a coronary sinus diverticulum and one a right atrium to right ventricle diverticulum. Three patients acquired postablation coronary sinus stenosis. There was no major complication related to pericardial access.

Conclusions—
Percutaneous epicardial approach is an alternative when conventional endocardial or transvenous epicardial ablation fails in the elimination of the accessory pathway. A new attempt by endocardial approach was successful in a significant number of patients. Open-chest surgery may be required in symptomatic cases refractory to endocardial–epicardial approach.
Nitrogen Availability Reduces CMIP5 Projections of Twenty-First-Century Land Carbon Uptake*
Authors: Zaehle Sönke , Jones Chris D. , Houlton Benjamin , Lamarque Jean-Francois , Robertson Eddy 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Coupled carbon cycle–climate models in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, phase 5 (CMIP5), Earth system model ensemble simulate the effects of changes in anthropogenic fossil-fuel emissions and ensuing climatic changes on the global carbon (C) balance but largely ignore the consequences of widespread terrestrial nitrogen (N) limitation. Based on plausible ranges of terrestrial C:N stoichiometry, this study investigates whether the terrestrial C sequestration projections of nine CMIP5 models for four representative concentration pathways (RCPs) are consistent with estimates of N supply from increased biological fixation, atmospheric deposition, and reduced ecosystem N losses. Discrepancies between the timing and places of N demand and supply indicated increases in terrestrial N implicit to the projections of all nine CMIP5 models under all scenarios that are larger than the estimated N supply. Omitting N constraints leads to an overestimation of land C sequestration in these models between the years 1860 and 2100 by between 97 Pg C (69–252 Pg C; RCP 2.6) and 150 Pg C (57–323 Pg C; RCP 8.5), with a large spread across models. The CMIP5 models overestimated the average 2006–2100 fossil-fuel emissions required to keep atmospheric CO2 levels on the trajectories described in the RCP scenarios by between 0.6 Pg C yr−1 (0.4–2.2 Pg C yr−1; RCP 2.6) and 1.2 Pg C yr−1 (0.5–3.3 Pg C yr−1; RCP 8.5). If unabated, reduced land C sequestration would enhance CO2 accumulation in the ocean and atmosphere, increasing atmospheric CO2 burden by 26 ppm (16–88 ppm; RCP 2.6) to 61 ppm (29–147 ppm; RCP 8.5) by the year 2100.
Evaluating Global Streamflow Simulations by a Physically Based Routing Model Coupled with the Community Land Model
Authors: Li Hong-Yi , Leung L. Ruby , Getirana Augusto , Huang Maoyi , Wu Huan , Xu Yubin , Guo Jiali , Voisin Nathalie 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Accurately simulating hydrological processes such as streamflow is important in land surface modeling because they can influence other land surface processes, such as carbon cycle dynamics, through various interaction pathways. This study aims to evaluate the global application of a recently developed Model for Scale Adaptive River Transport (MOSART) coupled with the Community Land Model, version 4 (CLM4). To support the global implementation of MOSART, a comprehensive global hydrography dataset has been derived at multiple resolutions from different sources. The simulated runoff fields are first evaluated against the composite runoff map from the Global Runoff Data Centre (GRDC). The simulated streamflow is then shown to reproduce reasonably well the observed daily and monthly streamflow at over 1600 of the world’s major river stations in terms of annual, seasonal, and daily flow statistics. The impacts of model structure complexity are evaluated, and results show that the spatial and temporal variability of river velocity simulated by MOSART is necessary for capturing streamflow seasonality and annual maximum flood. Other sources of the simulation bias include uncertainties in the atmospheric forcing, as revealed by simulations driven by four different climate datasets, and human influences, based on a classification framework that quantifies the impact levels of large dams on the streamflow worldwide.
Impact of Different Satellite Wind Lidar Telescope Configurations on NCEP GFS Forecast Skill in Observing System Simulation Experiments
Authors: Ma Zaizhong , Riishøjgaard Lars Peter , Masutani Michiko , Woollen John S. , Emmitt George D. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe Global Wind Observing Sounder (GWOS) concept, which has been developed as a hypothetical space-based hybrid wind lidar system by NASA in response to the 2007 National Research Council (NRC) decadal survey, is expected to provide global wind profile observations with high vertical resolution, precision, and accuracy when realized. The assimilation of Doppler wind lidar (DWL) observations anticipated from the GWOS is being conducted as a series of observing system simulation experiments (OSSEs) at the Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation (JCSDA). A companion paper (Riishøjgaard et al.) describes the simulation of this lidar wind data and evaluates the impact on global numerical weather prediction (NWP) of the baseline GWOS using a four-telescope configuration to provide independent line-of-sight wind speeds, while this paper sets out to assess the NWP impact of GWOS equipped with alternative paired configurations of telescopes. The National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation (GSI) analysis system and the Global Forecast System (GFS) were used, at a resolution of T382 with 64 layers, as the assimilation system and the forecast model, respectively, in these lidar OSSEs. A set of 45-day assimilation and forecast experiments from 2 July to 15 August 2005 was set up and executed.In this OSSE study, a control simulation utilizing all of the data types assimilated in the operational GSI/GFS system was compared to three OSSE simulations that added lidar wind data from the different configurations of telescopes (one-, two-, and four-look configurations). First, the root-mean-square error (RMSE) of wind analysis is compared against the nature run. A significant reduction of the stratospheric RMSE of wind analyses is found for all latitudes when lidar wind profiles are used in the assimilation system. The forecast impacts of lidar data on the wind and mass forecasts are also presented. In addition, the anomaly correlations (AC) of geopotential height forecasts at 500 hPa were evaluated to compare the control and different GWOS telescope configuration experiments. The results show that the assimilation of lidar data from the GWOS (one, two, or four looks) can improve the NCEP GFS wind and mass field forecasts. The addition of the simulated lidar wind observations leads to a statistically significant increase in AC scores.
Playfulness in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Leipold Elizabeth E. , Bundy Anita C. 
Published: December 2014

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) may negatively affect children's play; thus, play and play assessment are important areas for occupational therapists' investigation. The purpose of this study was to (a) compare Test of Playfulness (ToP) (Bundy, 1997a) scores of children with and without ADHD, and (b) examine unexpected responses in the data that might suggest a different hierarchy of items when the ToP is applied to children with ADHD. There were two groups comprising 50 children (34 boys, 16 girls) ranging in age from 5 to 14 years; 25 had ADHD. The mean ToP score of children with ADHD was significantly lower than that of children without ADHD (t = −3.49; P= .001). The primary deficits characterizing ADHD also effected playfulness. The three most problematic areas were internal control, intrinsic motivation, and framing. While data from 92% of the children with ADHD conformed to the hierarchy of items established by Rasch analysis, 3 items (mischief, teasing/joking, and clowning) yielded unexpectedly high scores for a high percentage of the children suggesting that these items may be relatively easier for children with ADHD. Implications and the need for further research are discussed.
Oral Form Discrimination in Normal 5- to 8-Year-Old Children: An Adjunct to an Eating Assessment
Authors: Gisel Erika G. , Schwob Hannah 
Published: December 2014

Presented here are two studies on the development of oral stereognostic skills as measured by an oral form discrimination task The first study describes stereognostic skills of children 5, 6, 7, and 8 years old; the second addresses the question of whether oral stereognostic abilities are correlated with oral-motor (chewing) skills (see pp. 211–223 of this issue). A total of 86 children participated in the first study. Fifty pairs of small, standardized plastic forms were administered to each child With vision occluded, the child identified each pair of forms as either “the same” or “different” The number of errors was computed for each age group. A significant age effect ( p < .004) was noted, with younger children (5 and 6 years) having more difficulty in correctly identifying forms of similar size than older children (7 and 8 years). No sex differences were found for any of the stereognostic skills measured A practice effect was seen only in 8-year-old children: They made significantly fewer errors ( p < .033) on the second than on the first half of the test. When 10 pairs of test items were presented a second time, the children were 73% consistent in their responses. It is concluded that specific aspects of oral stereognostic skills mature in children between 5 and 8 years of age. These measures will form part of an eating assessment that until now has focused only on the oral-motor aspects of eating development.
Development of a Multidimensional Index for Assessing Social Support in Rehabilitation
Authors: McColl Mary Ann , Friedland Judith 
Published: December 2014

Social support has been shown, in many instances, to moderate health outcomes after stress or strain. On the basis of the buffering hypothesis, which suggests that support acts to modify stress and therefore to diminish its impact on health (Turner, 1983), social support may be an important factor in the adjustment process that follows a major disabling illness or injury. Before social support can be used in rehabilitation, however, measurement tools are needed that explicitly define social support, assess support in a multidimensional way, and measure the unique support issues of persons with disabilities. This paper discusses the development and preliminary psychometric evaluation of such a measure. The instrument, called the Social Support Inventory for Stroke Survivors (SSISS), was developed specifically for use with stroke patients. With minor modifications, it can also be used with persons who have other disabilities. Research and clinical implications of the SSISS are discussed. Test–retest reliability of the SSISS over 1 week was established at .91. Internal consistency of the scaled version of the instrument was .85. Test construction procedures contributed to content and face validity, and empirical work supported construct and concurrent validity. Multidimensional scaling revealed an underlying structure that was consistent with the theoretical framework for the test.
Biofeedback-Assisted Relaxation Training for Adult and Pediatric Headache Disorders
Authors: Engel Joyce M. , Rapoff Michael A. 
Published: December 2014

Headaches are one of the most common somatic complaints among adults and children. This study investigated the effects of thermal biofeedback-assisted relaxation training on adult and child tension, migraine, and mixed (migraine and tension) headache disorders. A multiple baseline design across three adult and four child participants was used and multiple outcomes were assessed including participants' records of headache duration and severity, medication intake, and downtime because of headaches. To corroborate participants' records of headache activity, family members independently recorded headache occurrences, and medication intake was corroborated by investigators' pill counts of headache medications. After treatment, reductions in headache duration and severity, downtime, and medication intake were noted for all participants, with four of seven participants headache-free at 1-year follow-up. The results are compared with previous studies and methodological issues are discussed, particularly the need to corroborate self-report measures in headache studies.
The Durability of Relaxation Training in Pediatric Headache Management
Authors: Engel Joyce M. , Rapoff Michael A. , Pressman Alice Rogot 
Published: December 2014

The long-term effects of relaxation training for pediatric headache disorders was determined for all four original participants from a multiple baseline across subjects design. Long-term follow-up data were collected at a mean of 81 months post-treatment. All participants reported some increases in headache activity from 12-month to long-term follow-up, but at relatively low levels compared with baseline. Headache-free days were 51% to 86% fewer. Headache severity was 81% to 94% better, and headache duration was 75% to 94% better than baseline levels. Medication used was limited to over-the-counter analgesics on an as-needed basis for all subjects. Three subjects (75%) stated that they would recommend relaxation training to other individuals experiencing headaches. The results of this study support the conclusion that relaxation training is an effective longterm treatment for migraine, tension, and mixed headache disorders originating in childhood or adolescence.
Inter-Rater Reliability of Assessments Administered by Individuals with and without a Background in Health Care
Authors: Edwards Mary , Feightner John , Goldsmith C. H. 
Published: December 2014

As part of a randomized controlled trial, a pilot study was conducted to determine the inter-rater reliability of four assessments administered by individuals with and without a background in health care. The assessments included in the study were the Barthel Index (Mahoney & Barthel, 1965), the Mini Mental Status Examination (Folstein, Folstein, & McHugh, 1975), the Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale (Lawton, 1975), and the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale (Lawton & Brody, 1969). The scores of three assessors, one senior occupational therapist, and two research assistants were examined. The research assistants were trained to administer the assessments by the occupational therapist but had no previous background in health care. Inter-rater reliability for the measures varied from .97 to 1.00 indicating that, with adequate training, research assistants with no health care background could administer the assessments in a consistent manner.
Perceptions of Occupational Therapists regarding Service Delivery Models in School-Based Practice
Authors: Case-Smith Jane , Cable Judy 
Published: December 2014

School-based occupational therapists provide direct services, with the child removed from the classroom and integrated, and consultative services within the classroom, involving the teacher and members of the teaching staff. The purpose of this study was to determine the percentage of time that school-based therapists spend using direct/pull-out and integrative/consultative models of service delivery, to explore the attitudes of occupational therapists toward direct/pull-out and integrative/consultative services, and to identify variables associated with attitudes toward each. Written forced choice surveys were mailed to 321 school-based occupational therapists, and data analysis included 216 (67% of the sample). Therapists spent 47% of the time providing pull-out services and 53% of the time in the classroom and in consultation. Although the respondents indicated that they enjoyed one-on-one interaction with students, they disagreed that children with disabilities were best served when pulled out of the classroom. Attitudes toward consultation were positive; therapists enjoyed sharing their expertise and believed that therapy should be integrated throughout the school day. Time spent using pull-out services and consultation was highly related to attitude toward that service delivery model; therapists who provided primarily consultation were significantly lower in their ratings of the importance of direct, pull-out services. Therapists who were contracted by the school used pull-out services more than did those employed in the school (58% compared with 44%). School-based therapists appear to use a variety of service delivery models and have blended direct services with integrative/consultative services. They identified advantages to the use of both models and seem to believe that children are best served when direct services are combined with those that integrate therapy into the classroom and involve consultation with teachers.
Development of Pencil Grip Position in Preschool Children
Authors: Tseng Mei Hui 
Published: December 2014

Pencil grip is an aspect of handwriting that has been addressed by occupational therapists who treat children with handwriting difficulties. However, there has been little research investigating the developmental progression of pencil grip in Taiwanese children. Without knowledge of normal development, therapists cannot justify a diagnosis of “unusual” or “bizarre” pencil grips. This study was designed to investigate the developmental progression in pencil grips in Taiwanese children. The subjects were 326 children aged 2.5 to 6.4 years. The type of grips each child used to perform a drawing task was videotaped. A developmental assessment of pencil grips compiled by Schneck and Henderson was used to rate children's grip positions. A developmental pregression was noted and 14 grip patterns were identified. About half of the 3- to 3.4-year old children were able to employ a mature grip when drawing in a 7.89 cm x7 cm box. By the age of 4, about three fourths of the children were able to use mature grips to draw. For children aged 5 years and older, the percentage increased to more than 90%. Comparison of the results with those of Schneck and Henderson (1990) suggests that Taiwanese children 3.5 to 5.9 years of age are more advanced than American children of the same age. In addition, the percentage of Taiwanese children using the lateral tripod is much higher than that of American children. Possible reasons for these differences are proposed. Implications for occupational therapy and suggestions for future studies are discussed.
Gluten-free diet in the management of patients with irritable bowel syndrome, fibromyalgia and lymphocytic enteritis
Authors: Volta Umberto 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAn evaluation of the effect of 1 year of a gluten-free diet was performed in patients with irritable bowel syndrome and fibromyalgia syndrome displaying lymphocytic enteritis. Gluten withdrawal produced a slight but significant improvement of the functional symptoms, suggesting that gluten might be partly responsible for this clinical picture. This hypothesis should be confirmed by a double-blind placebo-controlled trial since it cannot be ruled out that the studied patients displayed a subjective sensation of improvement due to the placebo effect of gluten withdrawal. Further investigations are needed before recommending gluten withdrawal in patients with fibromyalgia and lymphocytic enteritis.
Effects of biological and non-biological immunomodulatory therapies on the immunogenicity of vaccines in patients with rheumatic diseases
Authors: McMahan Zsuzsanna H , Bingham III Clifton O 
Published: December 2014

AbstractVaccinations are administered to patients to induce a protective immune response, resulting in immunological memory. Preventing infection through the use of vaccines is particularly important in immunocompromised and immunosuppressed individuals given their increased frequency and severity of infections relative to healthy individuals. Recent surveys show that the vaccination rate is still alarmingly low in patients with rheumatic disease. In this review we briefly discuss the different types of vaccines and then critically examine evidence related to vaccination efficacy in patients with autoimmune disease and the effects of immunomodulatory therapy, with an aim to provide guidance and optimize the administration of vaccines in such individuals.