bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations of Injurious Falls and Self-Reported Incapacities: Analysis of the National Health Interview Survey
Authors: French Dustin D. , Margo Curtis E. , Tanna Angelo P. , Volpe Nicholas J. , Rubenstein Laurence Z. 
Published: February 2014

Purpose
To determine the associative value of selected questions from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) for screening adults older than 18 years at risk of injurious falls.

Methods
Data from adults 18 years of age and older were extracted from the NHIS for 2011 relevant to an injurious fall within the preceding year. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to determine associations of self-reported injurious falls with key social-demographic, health, and physical function variables. Outcomes were reported as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results
Self-reported injurious fall within the preceding year was associated with difficulty climbing 10 steps without special equipment (OR, 3.22; 95% CI, 2.32–4.46), loss of dependence for an activity of daily living (OR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.17–2.91), pain in legs and below the knees (OR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.23–2.30), and moderate visual impairment (OR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.18–2.15). Women were at greater risk than men and those aged 75 years and older (OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.02–2.09).

Conclusions
A subset of the NHIS questions are positively associated with injurious falls in the previous 12 months and may be of use in identifying adults at greater risk of future falls. The NHIS questions may serve to identify persons in need of targeted preventive services.
On a solution of the biodiversity paradox and a competitive coexistence principle
Authors: Kalmykov Lev V. , Kalmykov Vyacheslav L. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe biodiversity paradox is the central problem in theoretical ecology. The paradox consists in the contradiction between the competitive exclusion principle and the observed biodiversity. This contradiction is the key subject of the long-standing and continuing biodiversity debates. The paradox impedes our insights into biodiversity conservation. Previously we proved that due to a soliton-like behaviour of population waves complete competitors can indefinitely coexist in one closed homogeneous habitat on one and the same limiting resource under constant conditions of environment, without any trade-offs and cooperations. As this fact violates the known formulations of the competitive exclusion principle we have reformulated the principle. Here we explain why this reformulation of the principle results in a solution of the biodiversity paradox. In addition, we generalize the competitive exclusion principle. Reasoning by contradiction, we formulate a generalized principle of competitive coexistence. These principles expand theoretical basis for biodiversity conservation and sustainable development.
Cyanobacterial Phytochrome2 Regulates the Heterotrophic Metabolism and Has a Function in the Heat and High-Light Stress Response
Authors: Schwarzkopf Manti , Yoo Yong Cheol , Hückelhoven Ralph , Park Young Mok , Proels Reinhard Korbinian 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Cyanobacteria combine the photosynthetic and respiratory electron transport in one membrane system, the thylakoid membrane. This feature requires an elaborate regulation mechanism to maintain a certain redox status of the electron transport chain, hence allowing proper photosynthetic and respiratory energy metabolism. In this context, metabolic adaptations, as seen in the light-to-dark and dark-to-light transitions, are particularly challenging. However, the molecular basis of the underlying regulatory mechanisms is not well-understood. Here, we describe a function of cyanobacterial phytochrome2 (Cph2), a phytochrome of the cyanobacterial model system Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, in regulation of the primary energy metabolism. When cells are shifted from photoautotrophic planktonic growth to light-activated heterotrophic growth and biofilm initiation, knockout of Cph2 results in impaired growth, a decrease in the activity of Glc-6-P dehydrogenase, a decrease of the transcript abundance/activity of cytochrome-c-oxidase, and slower phycocyanin degradation. Measurements of the plastoquinone reduction confirm an impaired heterotrophic metabolism in the cph2 knockout. When cells that were adapted to heterotrophic metabolism are shifted back to light conditions, the knockout of Cph2 results in an altered photosystem II chlorophyll fluorescence induction curve, which is indicative of an impaired redox balance of the electron transport chain. Moreover, Cph2 plays a role in the heat and high-light stress response, particularly under photomixotrophic conditions. Our results show a function of Cph2 in the adaptation of the primary energy metabolism to changing trophic conditions. The physiological role of Cph2 in biofilm formation is discussed.
Stomatal Size, Speed, and Responsiveness Impact on Photosynthesis and Water Use Efficiency
Authors: Lawson Tracy , Blatt Michael R. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe control of gaseous exchange between the leaf and bulk atmosphere by stomata governs CO2 uptake for photosynthesis and transpiration, determining plant productivity and water use efficiency. The balance between these two processes depends on stomatal responses to environmental and internal cues and the synchrony of stomatal behavior relative to mesophyll demands for CO2. Here we examine the rapidity of stomatal responses with attention to their relationship to photosynthetic CO2 uptake and the consequences for water use. We discuss the influence of anatomical characteristics on the velocity of changes in stomatal conductance and explore the potential for manipulating the physical as well as physiological characteristics of stomatal guard cells in order to accelerate stomatal movements in synchrony with mesophyll CO2 demand and to improve water use efficiency without substantial cost to photosynthetic carbon fixation. We conclude that manipulating guard cell transport and metabolism is just as, if not more likely to yield useful benefits as manipulations of their physical and anatomical characteristics. Achieving these benefits should be greatly facilitated by quantitative systems analysis that connects directly the molecular properties of the guard cells to their function in the field.
The effects of labor and delivery on maternal and neonatal outcomes in term twins: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Wenckus DJ , Gao W , Kominiarek MA , Wilkins I 
Published: February 2014

ObjectiveTo compare maternal and neonatal outcomes in twins undergoing a trial of labor versus pre‐labor caesarean.DesignRetrospective cohort study.Setting19 US hospitals from the Consortium on Safe Labor.PopulationOf 2225 twin sets ≥36 weeks' gestation.MethodsMaternal (abruption, estimated blood loss, postpartum haemorrhage, transfusion, chorioamnionitis, hysterectomy, ICU admission, death) and neonatal outcomes (birth injury, 5‐minute Apgar <7, NICU admission, RDS, TTN, sepsis, asphyxia, NICU length of stay, death) were compared between the trial of labour and pre‐labour caesarean groups with univariate and multivariate logistic and linear regression analyses. Similar analyses were performed for actual delivery modes.Main outcome measuresMaternal and neonatal outcomes.ResultsAmong the 2225 twin sets, 1078 had a trial of labour, and 65.9% of those delivered vaginally. There was an increased risk for postpartum haemorrhage [OR 2.5, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4–4.5] and blood transfusion (OR 1.9, 95%CI 1.2–3.2) for the trial of labour compared with pre‐labour caesarean groups. Birth injury only occurred in the trial of labour group, 1% Twin A, 0.4% Twin B. Both twins had a higher risk of 5‐minute Apgar <7 with trial of labour compared to pre‐labour caesarean (A: OR 3.9, 95%CI 1.05–14.5; B: OR 3.9, 95%CI 1.3–12.3).ConclusionTerm twins undergoing a trial of labour have increased maternal haemorrhage and transfusions along with neonatal birth trauma and lower Apgar scores, but these absolute neonatal occurrences were rare. Trial of labour in twins remains a safe and reasonable option in appropriately selected cases.
Survival of lung cancer patients in a resource‐limited country
Authors: How Soon Hin , Ng Teck Han , Kuan Yeh Chunn , Jamalludin Abdul Rahman , Fauzi Abdul Rani 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAimData on lung cancer survival are lacking in developing countries. Our objectives were to describe the survival of our lung cancer patients and to determine independent prognostic factors affecting survival.MethodAll patients diagnosed with lung cancer from August 2007 to August 2010 were recruited from a single referral hospital of the state of Pahang, Malaysia. Detailed demographic data, ECOG (Eastern Cooperation Oncology Group) performance status, stage of disease and treatment were recorded. The date of histology or cytology confirmation was used as the date of entry. Survival time was calculated from the date of entry to the date of death.ResultsOne hundred forty‐nine patients were included for survival analysis. The median age was 62 years and patients were predominantly males (78%) and smokers (78%). The majority had non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (94%); only six patients (4%) had small cell lung cancer. All patients presented with stage 3 or stage 4 disease. Overall median survival was 18 weeks. “No definitive treatment” and “ECOG 3–4” were the significant independent predictors of death, with the hazard ratios of 2.1 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4, 3.0) and 1.6 (95% CI 1.1, 2.3) times, respectively. Among NSCLC patients on treatment, 1‐ and 2‐year survival rates were 27% and 15%, respectively.ConclusionThe majority of lung cancer patients in Pahang presented with advanced disease. No definitive treatment and ECOG 3–4 were independent poor prognostic factors.
Multiplexed immunoglobulin E sensitization in relation to exhaled nitric oxide in a population sample of children
Authors: Yao T.‐C. , Tsai H.‐J. , Tu Y.‐L. , Chang S.‐W. , Hua M.‐C. , Liao S.‐L. , Tsai M.‐H. , Chiu C.‐Y. , Lai S.‐H. , Yeh K.‐W. , Huang J.‐L. ,   the PATCH study group
Published: February 2014

AbstractThis study investigated the relationship between the specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) profile for 40 allergens using a novel microarray technique (BioIC) and fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) in a population sample of 1321 children. Significant positive associations were found between FeNO and sensitization to mites (P < 0.001), animals (P = 0.001), cockroaches (P < 0.001), and foods (P = 0.042), and furthermore, between FeNO and the number of sensitizations (all P < 0.05) or the sum of specific IgE (all P ≤ 0.01) against the aforementioned allergen categories. Specifically, sensitization to the following allergens was significantly related to higher FeNO: Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides farina, Blomia tropicalis, cat, German cockroach, Oriental cockroach, codfish, crab, shrimp, and cheese (all P ≤ 0.01). In conclusion, IgE sensitization to mites, pets, cockroaches, seafood, and cheese, respectively, is significantly associated with elevated FeNO levels in a dose‐dependent fashion in children. Our results provide new evidence that sensitization to certain food allergens may contribute to prompt inflammation in the airways.
Spatial and Cellular Characterization of mTORC1 Activation after Spinal Cord Injury Reveals Biphasic Increase Mainly Attributed to Microglia/Macrophages
Authors: Kjell Jacob , Codeluppi Simone , Josephson Anna , Abrams Mathew B. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractMechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is an intracellular kinase complex that regulates energy homeostasis and transcription. Modulation of mTORC1 has proven beneficial in experimental spinal cord injury, making this molecular target a candidate for therapeutic intervention in spinal cord injury. However, both inactivation and activation of mTORC1 have been reported beneficial for recovery. To obtain a more complete picture of mTORC1 activity, we aimed to characterize the spatiotemporal activation pattern of mTORC1 and identify activation in particular cell types after contusion spinal cord injury in rats. To be able to provide a spatial characterization of mTORC1 activation, we monitored activation of downstream target S6. We found robust mTORC1 activation both at the site of injury and in spinal segments rostral and caudal to the injury. There was constitutive mTORC1 activation in neurons that was biphasically reduced caudally after injury. We found biphasic mTORC1 activation in glial cells, primarily activated microglia/macrophages. Furthermore, we found mTORC1 activation in proliferating cells, suggesting this may be a function affected by mTORC1 modulation. Our results reveal potential windows of opportunity for therapeutic interference with mTORC1 signaling and immune cells as targets for inhibition of mTORC1 in spinal cord injury.
Taming the adolescent mind: a randomised controlled trial examining clinical efficacy of an adolescent mindfulness‐based group programme
Authors: Tan Lucy , Martin Graham 
Published: February 2014

BackgroundMindfulness interventions with adolescents are in the early stages of development. This study sought to establish efficacy of a mindfulness‐based group intervention for adolescents with mixed mental health disorders.MethodOne hundred and eight adolescents (ages 13–18) were recruited from community mental health clinics and randomised into two groups (control vs. treatment). All participants received treatment‐as‐usual (TAU) from clinic‐based therapists independent of the study. Adolescents in the treatment condition receivedTAUplus a 5‐week mindfulness‐training programme (TAU+Mi); adolescents in the control group received onlyTAU. Assessments including parent/carer reports were conducted at baseline, postintervention and 3‐month follow‐up.ResultsAt postintervention, adolescents in the mindfulness condition experienced significant decrease in mental distress (measured with theDASS‐21) compared to the control group (Cohen'sd = 0.43), and these gains were enhanced at 3‐month follow‐up (Cohen'sd = 0.78). Overall outcomes at 3 months showed significant improvement for adolescents in the mindfulness condition; in self‐esteem, mindfulness, psychological inflexibility and mental health, but not resilience. Parents/carers also reported significant improvement in their adolescent's psychological functioning (using theCBCL). Mediation analyses concluded mindfulness mediated mental health outcomes.ConclusionsIncrease in mindful awareness after training leads to improvement in mental health and this is consistent with mindfulness theory. The mindfulness group programme appears to be a promising adjunctive therapeutic approach for clinic‐based adolescents with mental health problems.
Potential cross-reactivity of monoclonal antibodies against clinically relevant mycobacteria
Authors: Flores-Moreno K , Celis-Meneses J S , Meneses-Ruiz D M , Castillo-Rodal A I , Orduña P , Montiel B A , López-Vidal Y 
Published: February 2014

Summary
Tuberculosis is a disease caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTb). In 2011, global mortality due to tuberculosis was 1·4 million individuals. The only available vaccine is the attenuated M. bovis [bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG)] strain, which confers variable protection against pulmonary tuberculosis. Some widely distributed non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), such as M. avium and M. arupense, are also potential pathogens for humans. This work aimed to produce and characterize monoclonal antibodies against the M. bovis BCG Mexico strain of the MTb, M. avium subs. hominissuis and the M. arupense strain from NTM. Hybridomas were produced from splenocytes of BALB/c female mice immunized with radiation-inactivated mycobacteria, and the immunoglobulin (Ig)G2a antibody-producing clones with the highest antigenic recognition were selected. The selected clones, Mbv 2A10 for M. bovis BCG Mexico, Mav 3H1 for M. avium and Mar 2D10 for M. arupense, were used in further studies. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immune proteomics analyses characterized the clones as having the highest cross-reactivity with mycobacteria. Using mass spectrometry, a number of proteins recognized by the monoclonal antibody (mAb) clones were identified. These proteins had roles in metabolic processes, hypoxia, cell cycle and dormancy. In addition, a Clustal W and Immune Epitope Database (IEDB) in-silico analysis was performed in protein sequences that result in the conserved regions within probability epitopes that could be recognized for Mbv2A10 and Mav3H1 clones.
The Friend leukaemia virus integration 1 (Fli-1) transcription factor affects lupus nephritis development by regulating inflammatory cell infiltration into the kidney
Authors: Sato S , Zhang X K 
Published: February 2014

Summary
The transcription factor Friend leukaemia virus integration 1 (Fli-1) is implicated in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus in both human patients and murine models of lupus. Murphy Roths large (MRL)/lpr mice and New Zealand mixed (NZM)2410 mice, murine models of lupus, with decreased expression of Fli-1 had significantly prolonged survival and reduced nephritis. Lupus nephritis is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in patients, and inflammatory cell infiltration plays a key role in the development of the disease. To study how the expression of Fli-1 affects the infiltration of inflammatory cells into the kidneys, we generated congenic enhanced green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgenic MRL/lpr mice. A significantly increased number of GFP-expressing inflammatory cells infiltrated the kidneys of wild-type MRL/lpr mice compared to Fli-1 heterozygous (Fli-1+/−) MRL/lpr mice after injection of GFP+ cells. Expression of inflammatory chemokine mRNA, including chemokine (C-C motif) ligand (CCL)2, CCL3, CCL4 and CCL5, was significantly lower in the kidneys from Fli-1+/−MRL/lpr mice compared to wild-type littermates. Numbers of infiltrated cells into the kidneys correlate with expression levels of CCL2, CCL4 and CCL5, but not the titres of anti-dsDNA autoantibodies in these mice. Significantly increased inflammatory cells from wild-type MRL/lpr mice infiltrated into kidneys compared to the cells from Fli-1+/−MRL/lpr mice. The chemotaxis of inflammatory cells from Fli-1+/−MRL/lpr mice towards each chemokine was decreased significantly compared to inflammatory cells from wild-type MRL/lpr mice in the transwell migration assay in vitro. Our results indicate that Fli-1 affects lupus nephritis development by regulating the expression of chemokines in the kidney and the migration of inflammatory cells.
Desialylation of dying cells with catalytically active antibodies possessing sialidase activity facilitate their clearance by human macrophages
Authors: Tomin A , Dumych T , Tolstyak Y , Kril I , Mahorivska I , Bila E , Stoika R , Herrmann M , Kit Y , Bilyy R 
Published: February 2014

Summary
Recently we reported the first known incidence of antibodies possessing catalytic sialidase activity (sialidase abzymes) in the serum of patients with multiple myeloma and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). These antibodies desialylate biomolecules, such as glycoproteins, gangliosides and red blood cells. Desialylation of dying cells was demonstrated to facilitate apoptotic cell clearance. In this study we assessed the possibility to facilitate dying cell clearance with the use of F(ab)2 fragments of sialidase abzymes. Two sources of sialidase abzymes were used: (i) those isolated from sera of patients with SLE after preliminary screening of a cohort of patients for sialidase activity; and (ii) by creating an induced sialidase abzyme through immunization of a rabbit with synthetic hapten consisting of a non-hydrolysable analogue of sialidase reaction conjugated with bovine serum albumin (BSA) or keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH). Antibodies were purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation, protein-G affinity chromatography and size exclusion-high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-SEC). Effect of desialylation on efferocytosis was studied using human polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN), both viable and aged, as prey, and human monocyte-derived macrophages (MoMa). Treatment of apoptotic and viable prey with both disease-associated (purified from blood serum of SLE patients) and immunization-induced (obtained by immunization of rabbits) sialidase abzymes, its F(ab)2 fragment and bacterial neuraminidase (as positive control) have significantly enhanced the clearance of prey by macrophages. We conclude that sialidase abzyme can serve as a protective agent in autoimmune patients and that artificial abzymes may be of potential therapeutic value.
Luteal phase dynamics of follicle‐stimulating and luteinizing hormones in obese and normal weight women
Authors: Roth Lauren W. , Allshouse Amanda A. , Bradshaw‐Pierce Erica L. , Lesh Jennifer , Chosich Justin , Kohrt Wendy , Bradford Andrew P. , Polotsky Alex J. , Santoro Nanette 
Published: February 2014

SummaryObjectivesFemale obesity is a state of relative hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism. The aim of this study is to examine gonadotrophin secretion and response to gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and to investigate the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of endogenous and exogenous luteinizing hormone (LH) in obese women.DesignParticipants underwent a luteal phase frequent blood sampling study. Endogenous LH pulsatility was observed, gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) was given in two weight‐based doses, and GnRH antagonist was administered followed by recombinant LH.PatientsRegularly menstruating obese (n = 10) and normal weight (n = 10) women.MeasurementsEndogenous hypothalamic‐pituitary function (as measured by LH pulsatility), pituitary sensitivity (GnRH‐induced LH secretion), pharmacodynamics of endogenous LH and pharmacokinetics of exogenous LH were compared between the obese and normal weight groups.ResultsThere were no statistically significant differences in endogenous LH pulsatility or pituitary responses to two weight‐based doses of GnRH between the obese and normal weight women. There were no differences in the pharmacodynamics of endogenous LH or the pharmacokinetics of exogenous LH between the groups. FSH dynamics did not differ between the groups throughout the study.ConclusionsThe relative hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism of obesity cannot be explained by differences in LH and FSH luteal phase dynamics or differences in endogenous LH pharmacodynamics or exogenous LH pharmacokinetics.