bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2) activation induces apoptosis of human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells
Authors: Yoon Hyo‐Eun , Ahn Mee‐Young , Kwon Seong‐Min , Kim Dong‐Jae , Lee Jun , Yoon Jung‐Hoon 
Published: September 2015

ObjectivesMicrobial Pattern‐recognition receptors (PRRs), such as nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domains (NODs), are essential for mammalian innate immune response. This study was designed to determine the effect of NOD1 and NOD2 agonist on innate immune responses and antitumor activity in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells.Materials and MethodsNODs expression was examined by RT‐PCR, and IL‐8 production by NODs agonist was examined by ELISA. Western blot analysis was performed to determine the MAPK activation in response to their agonist. Cell proliferation was determined by MTT assay. Flow cytometry and Western blot analysis were performed to determine the MDP‐induced cell death.ResultsThe levels of NODs were apparently expressed in OSCC cells. NODs agonist, Tri‐DAP and MDP, led to the production of IL‐8 and MAPK activation. NOD2 agonist, MDP, inhibited the proliferation of YD‐10B cells in a dose‐dependent manner. Also, the ratio of Annexin V‐positive cells and cleaved PARP was increased by MDP treatment in YD‐10B cells, suggesting that MDP‐induced cell death in YD‐10B cells may be owing to apoptosis.ConclusionsOur results indicate that NODs are functionally expressed in OSCC cells and can trigger innate immune responses. In addition, NOD2 agonist inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. These findings provide the potential value of MDP as novel candidates for antitumor agents of OSCC.
CLA and CD62E expression in oral lichen planus lesions
Authors: Werneck Juliana Tristão , Dias Eliane Pedra , Gonçalves Lucio Souza , Silva Junior Arley 
Published: September 2015

ObjectiveThere are few reports on the migration of CLA+ T cells through E‐selectin in cutaneous lichen planus, with only one study on oral lichen planus (OLP). This study aimed to analyze CLA expression and assess whether there is a correlation with E‐selectin (CD62E) in OLP lesions.Material and methodsBiopsies were performed on 11 patients including two areas: one without clinical and histopathological features of OLP [perilesional group (PLG)] and the other with clinical and histopathological features of OLP [OLP group (OLPG)]. The specimens obtained were divided into two: One was fixed in formalin for routine analysis (H&E), and the other was frozen for CD3, CD4, CD8, CLA, and CD62E immunofluorescence markers.ResultsMore CD4+ (median 1409, range 860–2519), CD8+ (median 1568, range 654–3258), and CLA+ T cells (median 958, range 453–2198) and higher CD62E expression (median 37, range 27–85) were identified in OLPG (P = 0.003; P = 0.003; P = 0.004; P = 0.003, respectively) than those in PLG. The median prevalence analysis was also significantly higher for CLA+CD8+ T cells in OLPG (OLPG = 39.4%, range 18.4–64.2; PLG = 29.4%, range 12.1–47.1) (P = 0.026). None of the correlations between CD3+ or CLA+ T cells and CD62E in OLPG and in PLG were significant.ConclusionThe significant presence of CLA+ T cells and E‐selectin expressions in the OLPG suggests their involvement in the etiopathogenesis of OLP; however, only a weak correlation between CLA+ T cells and E‐selectin was observed.
Middle School Students' Perceptions of Safety: A Mixed‐Methods Study
Authors: Sweeney Shannon M. , Von Hagen Leigh Ann 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDActive travel to school has been on the decline, despite its beneficial influence on children's current and future well‐being. Adults' safety perceptions have been shown to influence children's active travel. Children's perceptions, particularly of safety, may be an important link not only to their present health and travel behaviors, but also their future health and behaviors. This study examined middle school students' perceptions of the built environment and safety.METHODSOverall, 776 students from 3 schools in Hudson County, New Jersey participated in a visual survey and structured, interactive classroom discussions. Emergent themes from the discussions were tested using multivariate statistical models.RESULTSFindings suggest that older students, boys, and students who self‐identified as black, rated built environment scenes as safer. Students also perceived being near adults, traveling in a group, and using crosswalks as significantly safer and want additional recognition of these to further improve safety. Students perceived that being near a school, in daylight, and aesthetics as factors contributing to safety.CONCLUSIONSSchools and municipalities may increase programs for students to travel in groups, prioritize maintenance in school zones, and increase the number of crossing guards, particularly outside the immediate school proximity to further improve safety.
Utilizing Wisconsin Afterschool Programs to Increase Physical Activity in Youth
Authors: Cavanagh Bradley D. , Meinen Amy 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDApproximately 31.7% of children in the United States are overweight or obese. Interventions in the afterschool setting may help combat childhood obesity. Research exists on interventions in school settings, but a few data exist for interventions about afterschool programs. This study investigates increasing physical activity (PA) in Wisconsin afterschool programs.METHODSA literature review was used to develop key informant interviews. Utilizing a constant comparative method, interview data were coded and themes were identified. The themes, literature review, and expert opinions were used to formulate recommendations for improving PA in afterschool programs.RESULTSPrograms had success in utilizing different resources to improve PA. Key barriers to improving PA included grant‐imposed academic restrictions, the need for provider education, fears of conflict and competitiveness, and a lack of understanding between health and sedentariness.CONCLUSIONSThere is a clear need for additional exploration into improving PA in Wisconsin afterschool programs. This study resulted in specific recommendations to increase PA in afterschool programming, including utilizing school wellness policies and staff professional development to improve PA in afterschool programs.
Cardiovascular–renal axis disorders in the domestic dog and cat: a veterinary consensus statement
Authors: Pouchelon J. L. , Atkins C. E. , Bussadori C. , Oyama M. A. , Vaden S. L. , Bonagura J. D. , Chetboul V. , Cowgill L. D. , Elliot J. , Francey T. , Grauer G. F. , Luis Fuentes V. , Sydney Moise N. , Polzin D. J. , Van Dongen A. M. , Van Israël N. 
Published: September 2015

OBJECTIVESThere is a growing understanding of the complexity of interplay between renal and cardiovascular systems in both health and disease. The medical profession has adopted the term “cardiorenal syndrome” (CRS) to describe the pathophysiological relationship between the kidney and heart in disease.CRShas yet to be formally defined and described by the veterinary profession and its existence and importance in dogs and cats warrant investigation. TheCRSConsensus Group, comprising nine veterinary cardiologists and seven nephrologists from Europe and North America, sought to achieve consensus around the definition, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of dogs and cats with “cardiovascular‐renal disorders” (CvRD). To this end, the Delphi formal methodology for defining/building consensus and defining guidelines was utilised.METHODSFollowing a literature review, 13 candidate statements regardingCvRDin dogs and cats were tested for consensus, using a modified Delphi method. As a new area of interest, well‐designed studies, specific toCRS/CvRD, are lacking, particularly in dogs and cats. Hence, while scientific justification of all the recommendations was sought and used when available, recommendations were largely reliant on theory, expert opinion, small clinical studies and extrapolation from data derived from other species.RESULTSOf the 13 statements, 11 achieved consensus and 2 did not. The modified Delphi approach worked well to achieve consensus in an objective manner and to develop initial guidelines forCvRD.DISCUSSIONThe resultant manuscript describes consensus statements for the definition, classification, diagnosis and management strategies for veterinary patients withCvRD, with an emphasis on the pathological interplay between the two organ systems. By formulating consensus statements regardingCvRDin veterinary medicine, the authors hope to stimulate interest in and advancement of the understanding and management ofCvRDin dogs and cats. The use of a formalised method for consensus and guideline development should be considered for other topics in veterinary medicine.
Association Between Objectively Measured Physical Activity and Erectile Dysfunction among a Nationally Representative Sample of American Men
Authors: Loprinzi Paul D. , Edwards Meghan 
Published: September 2015

Abstract

Introduction
Emerging work suggests an inverse association between physical activity and erectile dysfunction (ED). The majority of this cross-sectional research comes from convenience samples and all studies on this topic have employed self-report physical activity methodology.

Aim
Therefore, the purpose of this brief-report, confirmatory research study was to examine the association between objectively measured physical activity and ED in a national sample of Americans.

Methods
Data from the 2003–2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used. Six hundred ninety-two adults between the ages of 50 and 85 years (representing 33.2 million adults) constituted the analytic sample. Participants wore an ActiGraph 7164 accelerometer (ActiGraph, Pensacola, FL, USA) for up to 7 days with ED assessed via self-report.

Main Outcome Measure
The main outcome measure used was ED assessed via self-report.

Results
After adjustments, for every 30 min/day increase in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, participants had a 43% reduced odds of having ED (odds ratioadjusted = 0.57; 95% confidence interval: 0.40–0.81; P = 0.004).

Conclusion
This confirmatory study employing an objective measure of physical activity in a national sample suggests an inverse association between physical activity and ED.
Effect of Vortioxetine vs. Escitalopram on Sexual Functioning in Adults with Well-Treated Major Depressive Disorder Experiencing SSRI-Induced Sexual Dysfunction
Authors: Jacobsen P. L. , Mahableshwarkar A. R. , Chen Y. , Chrones L. , Clayton A. H. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Sexual dysfunction is common with serotonergic antidepressants, including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), and does not resolve in most patients. Vortioxetine, an antidepressant with a multimodal mechanism of action, has shown low rates of sexual dysfunction in previous major depressive disorder (MDD) trials.

Aim
This study compared the effects of vortioxetine and escitalopram on sexual functioning in adults with well-treated MDD experiencing treatment-emergent sexual dysfunction (TESD).

Methods
Participants treated with, and responding to, citalopram, paroxetine, or sertraline were randomized to switch to either vortioxetine (10/20 mg; n = 225) or escitalopram (10/20 mg; n = 222) for 8 weeks. Sexual function was assessed using the Changes in Sexual Functioning Questionnaire Short Form (CSFQ-14), and antidepressant efficacy was assessed using the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) scale, and Profile of Mood States brief form (POMS-brief). Safety and tolerability were also assessed.

Main Outcome Measures
The primary endpoint was change from baseline in the CSFQ-14 total score after 8 weeks of treatment. The MADRS, CGI, and POMS-brief were used to assess antidepressant efficacy. Safety was assessed via adverse events, vital signs, electrocardiograms, laboratory values, weight, and physical examination findings.

Results
Vortioxetine showed significantly greater improvements in CSFQ-14 total score (8.8 ± 0.64, mean ± standard error) vs. escitalopram (6.6 ± 0.64; P  = 0.013). Benefits vs. escitalopram were significant on four of five dimensions and all three phases of sexual functioning assessed by the CSFQ-14 (P  &lt; 0.05). Antidepressant efficacy continued in both groups, with similar, but slight, improvements in MADRS and CGI scores. Vortioxetine and escitalopram had similar clinical efficacy profiles in this study, with safety profiles similar to previous trials. Nausea (n = 9, 4.0%) was the most common treatment-emergent adverse event leading to discontinuation of vortioxetine.

Conclusion
Switching antidepressant therapy to vortioxetine may be beneficial for patients experiencing sexual dysfunction during antidepressant therapy with SSRIs.
Thoracic Ultrasonography and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Analysis inHolstein Calves with Subclinical Lung Lesions
Authors: Ollivett T.L. , Caswell J.L. , Nydam D.V. , Duffield T. , Leslie K.E. , Hewson J. , Kelton D. 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundThoracic ultrasonography (US) and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) analysis are antemortem methods used to identify the lung lesions associated with bovine respiratory disease (BRD). Accuracy ofUSand the cell distributions inBALFhave not been characterized in calves with subclinical disease.ObjectivesTo evaluate the accuracy ofUSandBALFand describeBALFcharacteristics in calves with subclinical lung lesions.AnimalsTwenty‐five Holstein calves, 1–12 weeks old.MethodsIn this prospective study, calves with low respiratory scores underwentUS,BALFand postmortem examination (normalUS, n = 5; comet‐tails, n = 5; consolidation, n = 15). Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was collected and analyzed for total and differential cell counts. Lung lesions were assessed by gross and histopathologic examination. Data were analyzed using nonparametric methods and relative risk analysis. The accuracy ofUSandBALFwere estimated relative to postmortem examination.ResultsThe sensitivity and specificity ofUSfor detecting lung lesions was 94% (95%CI, 69–100%) and 100% (95%CI, 64–100%), respectively. A cut‐point of ≥4%BALFneutrophils was associated with the highestBALFsensitivity and specificity, 81% (95%CI, 56–94%) and 75% (95%CI, 36–95%). The presence of consolidation onUSincreased the risk of having aBALFneutrophil proportion ≥4% (RR, 3.9; 95%CI, 1.13–13.45;P = .003).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceUltrasonography accurately detects lung lesions in calves with subclinical disease. Clinicians should use a cut‐point of ≥4%BALFneutrophils to diagnose subclinical respiratory disease.
Predictors of micronutrient powder sachet coverage in Nepal
Authors: Jefferds Maria Elena D. , Mirkovic Kelsey R. , Subedi Giri Raj , Mebrahtu Saba , Dahal Pradiumna , Perrine Cria G. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractMany countries implement micronutrient powder (MNP) programmes to improve the nutritional status of young children. Little is known about the predictors of MNP coverage for different delivery models. We describe MNP coverage of an infant and young child feeding and MNP intervention for children aged 6–23 months comparing two delivery models piloted in rural Nepal: distributing MNPs either by female community health volunteers (FCHVs) or at health facilities (HFs). Cross‐sectional household cluster surveys were conducted in four pilot districts among mothers of children 6–23 months after starting MNP distribution. FCHVs in each cluster were also surveyed. We used logistic regression to describe predictors of initial coverage (obtaining a batch of 60 MNP sachets) at 3 months and repeat coverage (≥2 times coverage among eligible children) at 15 months after project launch. At 15 months, initial and repeat coverage were higher in the FCHV model, although no differences were observed at 3 months. Attending an FCHV‐led mothers' group meeting where MNP was discussed increased odds of any coverage in both models at 3 months and of repeat coverage in the HF model at 15 months. Perceiving ≥1 positive effects in the child increased odds of repeat coverage in both delivery models. A greater portion of FCHV volunteers from the FCHV model vs. the HF model reported increased burden at 3 and 15 months (not statistically significant). Designing MNP programmes that maximise coverage without overburdening the system can be challenging and more than one delivery model may be needed.
Flight‐induced changes in gene expression in the Glanville fritillary butterfly
Authors: Kvist Jouni , Mattila Anniina L. K. , Somervuo Panu , Ahola Virpi , Koskinen Patrik , Paulin Lars , Salmela Leena , Fountain Toby , Rastas Pasi , Ruokolainen Annukka , Taipale Minna , Holm Liisa , Auvinen Petri , Lehtonen Rainer , Frilander Mikko J. , Hanski Ilkka 
Published: September 2015

AbstractInsect flight is one of the most energetically demanding activities in the animal kingdom, yet for many insects flight is necessary for reproduction and foraging. Moreover, dispersal by flight is essential for the viability of species living in fragmented landscapes. Here, working on the Glanville fritillary butterfly (Melitaea cinxia), we use transcriptome sequencing to investigate gene expression changes caused by 15 min of flight in two contrasting populations and the two sexes. Male butterflies and individuals from a large metapopulation had significantly higher peak flight metabolic rate (FMR) than female butterflies and those from a small inbred population. In the pooled data, FMR was significantly positively correlated with genome‐wide heterozygosity, a surrogate of individual inbreeding. The flight experiment changed the expression level of 1513 genes, including genes related to major energy metabolism pathways, ribosome biogenesis and RNA processing, and stress and immune responses. Males and butterflies from the population with high FMR had higher basal expression of genes related to energy metabolism, whereas females and butterflies from the small population with low FMR had higher expression of genes related to ribosome/RNA processing and immune response. Following the flight treatment, genes related to energy metabolism were generally down‐regulated, while genes related to ribosome/RNA processing and immune response were up‐regulated. These results suggest that common molecular mechanisms respond to flight and can influence differences in flight metabolic capacity between populations and sexes.
Effect of Pulse‐and‐Glide Strategy on Traffic Flow for a Platoon of Mixed Automated and Manually Driven Vehicles
Authors: Li Shengbo Eben , Deng Kun , Zheng Yang , Peng Huei 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe fuel consumption of ground vehicles is significantly affected by how they are driven. The fuel‐optimized vehicular automation technique can improve fuel economy for the host vehicle, but their effectiveness on a platoon of vehicles is still unknown. This article studies the performance of a well‐known fuel‐optimized vehicle automation strategy, i.e., Pulse‐and‐Glide (PnG) operation, on traffic smoothness and fuel economy in a mixed traffic flow. The mixed traffic flow is assumed to be a single‐lane highway on flat road consisting of both driverless and manually driven vehicles. The driverless vehicles are equipped with fuel economy‐oriented automated controller using the PnG strategy. The manually driven vehicles are simulated using the Intelligent Driver Models (IDM) to mimic the average car‐following behavior of human drivers in naturalistic traffics. A series of simulations are conducted with three scenarios, i.e., a single car, a car section, and a car platoon. The simulation results show that the PnG strategy can significantly improve the fuel economy of individual vehicles. For traffic flows, the fuel economy and traffic smoothness vary significantly under the PnG strategy.
Stereochemical conversion of C3‐vinyl group to 1‐hydroxyethyl group in bacteriochlorophyll c by the hydratases BchF and BchV: adaptation of green sulfur bacteria to limited‐light environments
Authors: Harada Jiro , Teramura Misato , Mizoguchi Tadashi , Tsukatani Yusuke , Yamamoto Ken , Tamiaki Hitoshi 
Published: September 2015

SummaryPhotosynthetic green sulfur bacteria inhabit anaerobic environments with very low‐light conditions. To adapt to such environments, these bacteria have evolved efficient light‐harvesting antenna complexes called as chlorosomes, which comprise self‐aggregated bacteriochlorophyll c in the model green sulfur, bacterium Chlorobaculum tepidum. The pigment possess a hydroxy group at the C31 position that produces a chiral center with R‐ or S‐stereochemistry and the C31‐hydroxy group serves as a connecting moiety for the self‐aggregation. Chlorobaculum tepidum carries the two possible homologous genes for C3‐vinyl hydratase, bchF and bchV. In the present study, we constructed deletion mutants of each of these genes. Pigment analyses of the bchF‐inactivated mutant, which still has BchV as a sole hydratase, showed higher ratios of S‐epimeric bacteriochlorophyll c than the wild‐type strain. The heightened prevalence of S‐stereoisomers in the mutant was more remarkable at lower light intensities and caused a red shift of the chlorosomal Qy absorption band leading to advantages for light‐energy transfer. In contrast, the bchV‐mutant possessing only BchF showed a significant decrease of the S‐epimers and accumulations of C3‐vinyl BChl c species. As trans‐ criptional level of bchV was upregulated at lower light intensity, the Chlorobaculum tepidum adapted to low‐light environments by control of the bchV transcription.
Complement therapeutics in inflammatory diseases: promising drug candidates for C3‐targeted intervention
Authors: Mastellos D.C. , Ricklin D. , Hajishengallis E. , Hajishengallis G. , Lambris J.D. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryThere is increasing appreciation that complement dysregulation lies at the heart of numerous immune‐mediated and inflammatory disorders. Complement inhibitors are therefore being evaluated as new therapeutic options in various clinical translation programs and the first clinically approved complement‐targeted drugs have profoundly impacted the management of certain complement‐mediated diseases. Among the many members of the intricate protein network of complement, the central component C3 represents a ‘hot‐spot’ for complement‐targeted therapeutic intervention. C3 modulates both innate and adaptive immune responses and is linked to diverse immunomodulatory systems and biological processes that affect human pathophysiology. Compelling evidence from preclinical disease models has shown that C3 interception may offer multiple benefits over existing therapies or even reveal novel therapeutic avenues in disorders that are not commonly regarded as complement‐driven, such as periodontal disease. Using the clinically developed compstatin family of C3 inhibitors and periodontitis as illustrative examples, this review highlights emerging therapeutic concepts and developments in the design of C3‐targeted drug candidates as novel immunotherapeutics for oral and systemic inflammatory diseases.