bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High constant incidence of second primary colorectal cancer
Authors: Levi Fabio , Randimbison Lalao , Blanc‐Moya Rafael , Maspoli‐Conconi Manuela , Rosato Valentina , Bosetti Cristina , La Vecchia Carlo 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPatients who had a colorectal cancer have a 1.5‐ to 2‐fold excess risk of a second colorectal cancer as compared to the general population, the excess being higher at younger age at diagnosis. To further investigate the risk and the age‐relation of the incidence of second primary colorectal cancer, we considered 9,389 first colon and rectal cancers registered in the Vaud Cancer Registry, Switzerland, between 1974 and 2008, and followed‐up to the end of 2008 for a total of 44,113 person‐years. There were 136 second colorectal cancers versus 90.5 expected, corresponding to a standardized incidence ratio (SIR) of 1.5 (95% confidence interval, CI, 1.3–1.8). The SIRs were not heterogeneous between men and women, and in strata of calendar year at diagnosis, duration of follow‐up, and subsite. However, the SIR was 7.5 (95% CI 4.2–12.4) for subjects diagnosed below age 50 and declined thereafter to reach 1.0 (95% CI 0.6–1.6) at age 80 or over. Consequently, the incidence of second primary colorectal cancer was stable, and exceedingly high, around 300–400/100,000 between age 30–39 and 70 or over. This age pattern is consistent with the existence of a single mutational event in a population of highly susceptible individuals.
On the Leptocytheridae Ostracods of the Long‐Lived Lake Ohrid: A Reappraisal of their Taxonomic Assignment and Biogeographic Origin
Authors: Namiotko Tadeusz , Danielopol Dan L. , Belmecheri Soumaya , Gross Martin , von Grafenstein Ulrich 
Published: August 2012

AbstractLeptocythere karamani Klie, one of few non‐marine species of the family Leptocytheridae (Ostracoda), is redescribed from specimens recently collected from the long‐lived Lake Ohrid on the Albanian‐Macedonian border. Detailed morphologies of valves and limbs of this species were compared with those of other Ohrid‐Prespa leptocytherids, of some recent marine representatives of the genera Leptocythere Sars and Callistocythere Ruggieri from the Mediterranean, Irish and Baltic seas as well as with that of fossil non‐marine species from the Miocene palaeo‐Lake Pannon belonging to the genera Amnicythere Devoto and Euxinocythere Stancheva. Comparison with other species of Leptocytheridae inhabiting fresh to brackish waters of the Black‐Azov, Caspian and Aral seas were also carried out using descriptions provided in the literature. Based on the comparative morphological studies it is shown that L. karamani and other Ohrid leptocytherids have a number of characters distinguishing them from other members of the genus Leptocythere but demonstrating a relationship with species of the genus Amnicythere. The most reliable of these characters are: a) anterior valve vestibulum from where mostly uni‐ramified pore canals start, b) the entomodont hinge type with a strong anterior anti‐slip tooth, a smooth posterior anti‐slip bar on the left valve, and c) the hemipenis with underdeveloped lateral lobe and reduced clasping organ. From this strong evidence, the Ohrid leptocytherid species are allocated to the genus Amnicythere. Finally, a biogeographic scenario on the origin of the Ohrid leptocytherids is proposed which matches the “Lake Pannon derivate hypothesis”. Close relationship of the Ohrid Amnicythere species with the non‐marine leptocytherid taxa from the Neogene lakes of Central and Eastern Europe and with extant taxa from the Black and Caspian seas may indicate that the Ohrid Amnicythere derived from Lake Pannon species which were able to colonise lakes in Southern Europe through a stepping‐stone process and subsequently to adapt to freshwater environment. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
An approach for assessing hydrogel hydrophobicity
Authors: Munoz‐Pinto Dany J. , Grigoryan Bagrat , Long Jessica , Grunlan Melissa , Hahn Mariah S. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractHydrogel hydrophobicity is an important modulator of mammalian cell behavior, drug payload release, and medical device fouling. Contact angle and protein adsorption measures are two common methods for evaluating hydrogel hydrophobicity. However, protein adsorption is a complex phenomenon which is challenging to interpret in terms of gel hydrophobicity alone. In addition, the permeability of hydrogels can be problematic for contact angle assessment, as this method can only be strictly applied to smooth, solid, and nonpermeable surfaces. Therefore, the development of a technique for measuring hydrogel hydrophobicity which is simple, sensitive, and independent of variations in gel permeability would significantly advance the ability to finely tune this variable. The present technical note develops a method for quantifying the hydrophobicity of hydrogels by exploiting their capacity to swell differentially in solvents of distinct polarities. To validate this technique, hydrogels of varying hydrophobicities were prepared by combining hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) with either hydrophobic 3‐(trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate (TMSPM) or hydrophilic 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA). The ratio of hydrogel swelling in 70% isopropanol to that in water was termed the hydrophobicity index (H‐index) and was determined for each gel type. The measured H‐indices reflected known differences in the hydrophobicities of HEMA, TMSPM, and PEGDA and, in contrast to contact angle assessments, appeared to be independent of variations in hydrogel permeability. In addition, the trend in H‐indices agreed well with the trend in protein adsorption across hydrogel formulations, although the H‐indices appeared to be able to resolve more subtle differences in gel hydrophobicity than protein adsorption measures. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A 100A:2855–2860, 2012.
Measuring Chinese Psychological Traits and Social Support With Western Developed Instruments in Psychological Autopsy Studies
Authors: Zhang Jie , Lamis Dorian A. , Yuanyuan Kong 
Published: August 2012

ObjectiveSuicide is the fifth leading cause of death in China and the leading cause of death among adults aged 15 to 34 years. Thus, it is important to identify psychometrically sound instruments that can be successfully used to assess risk and protective factors for suicide in Chinese populations.MethodUsing the psychological autopsy method, we explored the possibility of applying 4 psychological scales (Dickman Impulsivity Instrument, State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory Form Y, Beck Hopelessness Scale, Duke Social Support Index) developed and commonly used in the West to Chinese culture. Sixteen counties from three provinces in China were selected as sampling sites in which 392 suicide cases and 416 community living controls aged 15 to 34 years were obtained.ResultsSignificant differences were found between the suicide victims and living controls on all four measures and their respective subscales indicating that the instruments are useful tools in identifying suicidal individuals through proxy data in rural China.ConclusionsThese findings may have important implications for the development and enhancement of more effective suicide prevention strategies in China.
Ultrastructure of sensory equipments on the heads of Kallitaxila granulata (Stål) (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Tropiduchidae)
Authors: Wang Rong‐Rong , Wan Xin‐Yi , Liang Ai‐Ping , Bourgoin Thierry 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe polyphagous planthopper, Kallitaxila granulata (Stål) (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Tropiduchidae), has been recently introduced into southeastern China, the Philippine islands, and Hawaii, where it has done significant damage to agricultural and forest ecosystems. The external morphology of the heads of adult male and female K. granulata was examined using scanning electron microscopy. Seven types of sensilla were reported: trichoid sensilla and campaniform sensilla on the antennal pedicel, antennal scape and maxilla; plate organs on the antennal pedicel; coeloconic sensilla in Bourgoin's organ on the expanded flagellar base; ampullaceal sensilla on the antennal pedicel; wavy‐pit sensilla on the antennal pedicel and antennal scape; and coin‐shaped sensilla on each lateral side of the labium. Evans' organ was described as placoid sensilla sunk into shallow cuticular cavities below the antennae. The external morphology, distribution, and abundance of sensilla located on antennae, maxillae, and labium in K. granulata were illustrated, with a brief discussion of their taxonomic, phylogenetic, and putative functional significance. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparison of nerve growth factor receptor binding models using heterodimeric muteins
Authors: Mehta Hrishikesh M. , Woo Sang B. , Neet Kenneth E. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractNerve growth factor (NGF) is a homodimer that binds to two distinct receptor types, TrkA and p75, to support survival and differentiation of neurons. The high‐affinity binding on the cell surface is believed to involve a heteroreceptor complex, but its exact nature is unclear. We developed a heterodimer (heteromutein) of two NGF muteins that can bind p75 and TrkA on opposite sides of the heterodimer, but not two TrkA receptors. Previously described muteins are Δ9/13 that is TrkA negative and 7‐84‐103 that is signal selective through TrkA. The heteromutein (Htm1) was used to study the heteroreceptor complex formation and function, in the putative absence of NGF‐induced TrkA dimerization. Cellular binding assays indicated that Htm1 does not bind TrkA as efficiently as wild‐type (wt) NGF but has better affinity than either homodimeric mutein. Htm1, 7‐84‐103, and Δ9/13 were each able to compete for cold‐temperature, cold‐chase stable binding on PC12 cells, indicating that binding to p75 was required for a portion of this high‐affinity binding. Survival, neurite outgrowth, and MAPK signaling in PC12 cells also showed a reduced response for Htm1, compared with wtNGF, but was better than the parent muteins in the order wtNGF > Htm1 > 7‐84‐103 >> Δ9/13. Htm1 and 7‐84‐103 demonstrated similar levels of survival on cells expressing only TrkA. In the longstanding debate on the NGF receptor binding mechanism, our data support the ligand passing of NGF from p75 to TrkA involving a transient heteroreceptor complex of p75‐NGF‐TrkA. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Region‐specific expression of a water channel protein, aquaporin 4, on brain astrocytes
Authors: Aoyama M. , Kakita H. , Kato S. , Tomita M. , Asai K. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractCellular activities within the brain display regional specificity and a neuronal and glia interdependence. Components characterizing the regional specificity of neurons have been identified. However, characterization of the astrocyte remains in question. To identify region specific features of astrocytes, we have characterized the molecular phenotype of cells derived from regions with different levels of neuronal excitability, the cortex and striatum. Astrocytes were identified in cryostat sections of adult rat brain by rapid immunostaining for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and individual cells were collected from each region by using laser microdissection (LMD). Total RNA was isolated and subjected to DNA microarray analysis. At least eight genes showed a differential expression level. Among them, aquaporin 4 (AQP4), a water channel protein, was expressed at higher levels within the cortex compared with the striatum, as confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Primary cultured astrocytes isolated from rat cortex or striatum also showed a differential expression of AQP4. These data may reflect unique properties of astrocytes across different brain regions. However, they may also reflect the interactive demands of neurons with different activity levels. Further examination of the heterogeneous astrocyte populations within each region will lend additional support to the regional specificity of neuronal functions and neuronal–glial interactions. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Novel write‐erasable input display with memory circuits and photosensors
Authors: Maruyama Satoshi , Endo Takahiko , Harada Kenji , Hayashi Hirotaka , Mine Hideki , Kimura Hiroyuki , Kinoshita Masaki , Nakamura Hiroki 
Published: August 2012

AbstractWe have developed a new conceptual liquid crystal display (LCD) with a memory circuit and a photosensor in each pixel to realize excellent handwriting performance. Direct writing and erasing a character in the LCD are available because their direct processing only in the pixel are performed without calculating coordinates by using a light pen and integrated pixel circuits. In addition, this LCD enables to display still image data stored in the pixel memory circuit at a low liquid crystal (LC) driving frequency of 1.0 Hz. In the result, we have achieved faster handwriting response time of 0.5 ms and lower power consumption of 0.7 mW in 7.0‐in. QVGA reflective LCD panel.
Auto‐calibration of drive condition for cholesteric liquid crystal displays
Authors: Nose Masaki , Uehara Hirokata , Yoshihara Toshiaki 
Published: August 2012

AbstractDynamic drive scheme (DDS) is known widely as passive matrix addressing that obtains both high‐speed re‐writing and a high contrast ratio in the field of cholesteric liquid crystal displays (LCDs). However, DDS has a serious problem in that the proper drive condition is very narrow and it is largely influenced by individual differences in LCDs that arise during their production. We have developed a new auto‐calibration system that adjusts both the contrast ratio and color balance automatically using capacitances of effective pixels and temperature compensation models that utilize the physical properties of cholesteric LCDs. We have managed to optimize the driving conditions between 5 and 35 °C with this method, and obtained both stable and high‐quality color images where the reflectance is 36%, contrast ratio is 8, and NTSC ratio is 20%. This auto‐calibration system has been able to greatly improve the production yield of cholesteric LCDs and made it possible to make practical use of cholesteric LCDs.
Differences in viewing history affect discomfort associated with stereoscopic video
Authors: Toyosawa Satoshi , Kawai Takashi , Chen Chin‐Sen , Lin Ming‐Hui 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe relationship between differences in individuals' past experience viewing stereoscopic images and their discomfort associated with 3D video was examined. In the current study, 21 subjects were categorized as either inexperienced or experienced viewers of stereoscopic images (12 and 9 subjects, respectively). Two commercially available 3D movies with different depth and motion characteristics were presented to the subjects under two different viewing conditions. Eye discomfort, fatigue in parts of the body, and mental workload were measured. We found that experienced viewers were affected more from moderate depth video with less motion, perhaps because of their higher degree of attention toward subtler depth detail. Experienced viewers reported more severe fatigue in the upper parts of their bodies, which could be attributed to their body adjustments effected in an effort to optimally receive depth information. Inexperienced viewers were affected more by images with more depth and motion, a result perhaps of their initial excitement to experience the new technology. It was shown that particularly depth‐emphasized segments demand higher mental workload from experienced viewers, but the effect is transient and not cumulative. It was found that differences between the two groups are exaggerated under the near viewing condition.
Impact of outcomes monitoring on innovation and risk in liver transplantation
Authors: Roberts John Paul 
Published: August 2012

Key Points
1. The reporting of liver transplant center outcomes is required by the final rule of the Department of Health and Human Services. The reported patient and graft survival outcomes are risk-adjusted for specific donor and recipient factors, and the observed survival is compared to the expected survival. Both the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services and the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network flag programs for corrective action when the observed survival is significantly less than the expected survival. Both agencies can take action up to the closure of a center. In the last 5 years, the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network has not taken an adverse action that required the closure of a liver transplant center because of outcomes.
2. Center survey data suggest that centers may try to select donors and recipients to minimize poor outcomes. This strategy may not be effective if centers stop accepting donors or recipients according to factors that are included in the risk adjustment model. For example, limiting recipients to those less than 65 years old may improve the observed outcomes, but the expected outcomes will also improve because a recipient 65 years or older is included in the model's risk adjustment.
3. For factors such as cardiovascular risk that are not included in the model, it may be reasonable to exclude patients in an attempt to improve the observed outcomes without affecting the expected outcomes. Other examples of these types of factors are smoking, nutritional status, and donor liver biopsy findings.
4. Currently, there is no exemption for patients undergoing experimental protocols. Down-staging for hepatocellular carcinoma, transplantation for human immunodeficiency virus–positive recipients, and the use of left lobe grafts with inflow modification are relatively recent areas of innovation in liver transplantation. Because innovation is frequently associated with a learning curve and, therefore, poor outcomes, the inclusion of patients in innovative protocols potentially could lead to centers being subjected to an adverse action by the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network or the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Active consideration is being given to the exclusion of patients in innovative protocols from center-specific outcomes. Liver Transpl, 2012. © 2012 AASLD.
Free flap reconstruction in patients with advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma: Analysis of patient survival and cancer recurrence
Authors: Hsieh Tung‐Ying , Chang Kao‐Ping , Lee Su‐Shin , Chang Chih‐Hau , Lai Ching‐Hung , Wu Yi‐Chia , Huang Shu‐Hung , Lai Chung‐Sheng , Lin Sin‐Daw 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackground:The purpose of this study was to compare the initial conditions and treatment outcomes of patients with advanced stage IV oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) treated with or without free flap reconstruction following ablative tumor resection.Methods:Two hundred forty‐two pathological stage IV OSCC patients (without distant metastasis) treated by tumor ablation with free flap reconstruction (Group 1; n = 93) or without free flap reconstruction (Group 2; n = 149 treated with split‐thickness skin grafts, primary closure of defects, secondary granulation of defects, and local or regional flaps) were recruited. We compared patient survival and cancer recurrence rates between these two groups.Results:Group 1 had significantly more advanced tumor stage than group 2. Despite the unfavorably expected prognosis in group 1, both positive margin rate (17.2% in Group 1 versus 23.5% in Group 2, P = 0.213) and cancer recurrence rate (36.6% in Group 1 versus 38.3% in Group 2; P = 0.792) were not significantly different between the two groups. The 5‐year disease‐specific survival were also the same (51.4% in Group 1 versus 52.6% in Group 2; P = 0.493).Conclusions:Although cancer stages were more advanced in patients requiring free flap reconstruction, patient survival, and cancer recurrence in the patients with free flap reconstruction were maintained as patients without free flap. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery, 2012.
Immediate nipple reconstruction utilizing the DIEP flap in areola‐sparing mastectomy
Authors: Craig E. Stirling , Walker Marc E. , Salomon Jeffrey , Fusi Stefano 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe surgical treatment of breast cancer has dramatically evolved over the past decade toward an approach combining oncologic safety with aesthetic outcomes. The skin‐sparing mastectomy initiated this paradigm shift amongst breast surgeons and can be oncologically safe, in some cases sparing both the areola and the nipple. In accordance with the emphasis on aesthetics, some general surgeons have adopted new methods of resecting only the nipple, sparing the areola in select patients. The superior aesthetic results, durability, and decreased donor site morbidity of perforator flaps have brought autologous reconstruction back to the forefront of breast reconstruction with the deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flap as the gold standard. We describe a technique utilizing the DIEP flap skin paddle for immediate nipple reconstruction at the time of mastectomy and reconstruction, eliminating the need for delayed reconstruction and limiting donor site morbidity by concealing the donor site below the mastectomy skin flaps. In the six cases described performed between 2010 and 2012 (mean with 53 years; range 46–59 years), there have been no complications to the flap or the nipple postoperatively, nor has there been a need for further nipple revisions for 6 months. The nipple position relative to the flap breast mound has remained unchanged for up to 6 months. The immediate nipple reconstruction does not significantly lengthen operative time, requiring approximately 30 additional operative minutes per nipple. Immediate nipple reconstruction utilizing the DIEP flap can be a cost‐effective and feasible technique for recreating a natural‐appearing and aesthetic nipple in select patients. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery, 2013.
Antegrade and retrograde lymphatico‐venous anastomosis for cancer‐related lymphedema with lymphatic valve dysfuction and lymphatic varix
Authors: Mihara Makoto , Hara Hisako , Iida Takuya , Todokoro Takeshi , Yamamoto Takumi , Narushima Mitsunaga , Tashiro Kensuke , Murai Noriyuki , Koshima Isao 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIn healthy people, no retrograde lymph flow occurs because of valves in collecting lymph vessels. However, in secondary lymphedema after lymph node dissection, lymph retention and lymphatic hypertension occurs and valvular dysfunction induces retrograde lymph flow. In this case reported, we focused on retrograde lymph flow and performed retrograde lymphatico‐venous anastomosis (LVA) simultaneously with antegrade LVA. A 67‐year‐old Japanese woman had worsening edema in her right thigh and hip area for 3 years. She had previously undergone extended hysterectomy with lymph node dissection for endometrial cancer 8 years before. Indocyanine green test showed antegrade and retrograde lymph flow. Four LVAs were made in the right medial thigh and right lower abdominal area under local anesthesia. Lymphedema showed rapid improvement within 12 months and compression therapy was not required at 24 months after LVA. Retrograde LVA has a possibility of a more efficacy for secondary lymphedema. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery, 2012.