bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fluid evolution and mixing in the Gays River carbonate-hosted Zn-Pb deposit and its surrounding barren areas, Nova Scotia
Authors: Chi G. -X. , Savard M. M. 
Published: September 2014

This paper presents the results of a microthermometric study of fluid inclusions in authigenic dolomite (pre-ore), sphalerite (syn-ore), calcite and quartz (syn- to post-ore) from the Gays River Zn-Pb deposit and its surrounding barren carbonates. Homogenization temperature (Th) and salinity data from the deposit indicate that during precipitation of most sphalerite and minor calcite and quartz, a high-temperature (≥200CC), high-salinity (≥27 wt. V. NaCl eq.) fluid mixed with a fluid having lower temperature (Th=107-147°C) and salinity (24 wt. % NaCl eq.), i.e., the fluid that dolomitized the carbonates and saturated their pores before mineralization. During precipitation of most calcite and minor sphalerite, a third fluid with lower salinity (<20 wt. % NaCl eq.) and temperature (Th<90°C) affected the hydrothermal system and mixed with the two pre-existing fluids. A similar mixing trend has been observed for the barren areas. A group of fluid inclusions in calcite (both from the deposit and barren areas) have very low salinities (0.4-14 wt. % NaCl eq.) and variable Th(, (60-246°C); these results are interpreted as artifacts due to leaking and refill by late, low-salinity fluids.

RÉSUMÉ
Cet article présente les résultats d'une étude microthermomdtrique d'inclusions fluides dans la dolomite (pré-minéralisation), la sphalérite (syn-minéralisation), la calcite et le quartz authigenes (syn- à post-minéralisation) du dépôt de Zn-Pb de Gays River et de ses environs non minéralises. Les données de la température d'homogéntisation (Th) et de la salinité du dépôt indiquent que pendant la précipitation d'une part majeure de la sphalérite et d'une faible part de la calcite et du quartz, un fluide de hautes température (≥200°C) et salinité) (≥27% poids en équivalent NaCl) se serait mélange avec un fluide de plus basses température (Th=107-147°C) et salinité (24% poids en équivalent NaCl), i.e. celui qui a dolomitisé les carbonates et saturé leur pores avant la minéralisation. Pendant la précipitation de la plus grande part de la calcite and d'une faible part de la sphalérite, un troisieme fluide, de plus faibles salinité (<20% poids en équivalent NaCl) et témperature (Th<90°C), à aflecte le système hydrothermal et s'est mélange avec les deux fluides préexistants. Un mode de mélange similaire est observé dans les régions non minéralisees. Un groupe d'inclusions fluides dans la calcite (du dépôt et des régions non mine>alisecs) ont des salinités très basses (0.4-14 poids en équivalent NaCl) et des Th variables (60-246°C). Ces résultats sont interprétes comme des artifacts dus à des fuites et a un remplisage par les fluides tardifs de basse salinité.
Comparison of clast and matrix dispersal in till: Canterbury area, New Brunswick
Authors: Balzer Solweig A. , Broster Bruce E. 
Published: September 2014

Matrix granulometric and geochemical components were compared with clast lithology for 247 samples of basal till, collected on a 2 km2 grid from the Canterbury area in south-central New Brunswick. Plots of component concentrations outlined dispersal patterns elongated southeastward and southward, paralleling the last directions of glacial flow. A comparison of these data indicated that dispersal pattern size was influenced by sample spacing and elevation of source during glacial incorporation. At a given sample grid, clast lithologies formed relatively larger and more recognizable dispersal patterns and thus better exploration targets. Geochemical dispersal patterns were localized and rarely exceeded 6 km in length. Element anomalies could be traced to known mineral occurrences, but for most elements dispersal patterns were less than 4 km long and defined by one to three sample sites. Clast dispersal patterns could be traced up to 12 km down-ice of source units.

Till components were incorporated locally and reflected short transport distances. Till matrix was homogeneously mixed and deposited by a single glacier as it flowed south and southeastward across the area.

RÉSUMÉ
La granulométrie de la matrice et la composition géochimique furent comparés avec la lithologie des clastes pour 247 échantillons de till de base, prélevés sur une grille de 2 km2 dans la région de Canterbury dans le ccntre-sud du Nouveau-Brunswick. La mise en plan des concentrations des composants ont indiqué des patrons de dispersion allongés vers le sud-est et le sud, parallèles aux dernières directions de l'écoulement glaciaire. Une comparaison de ces donn^es a indiqué que la dimension du patron de dispersion était influencée par la maille d'échantillonnage et L'altitude de la source lors de l'incorporation dans la masse de glacé. À une certaine maille, les lithologies des clastes formerent des patrons de dispersion relativement plus grands et plus distincts et ainsi de meillcures cibles pour L'exploration. Les patrons de dispersion géochimiques furent localises et n'excédèrent que rarement 6 km de longueur. Les anomalies en certains éléments purent être suivies jusqu'à des indices minéralisés connus, mais pour la plupart des éléments, les patrons de dispersion avaient moins de 4 km de longueur et n'étaient indiqués que par un à trois sites d'échantillonnage. Les patrons de dispersion des clastes purent être suivis jusqu'à 12 km en aval des unites qui en sont les sources.

Les composants du till furent incorporés localement et reflétaient de courtes distances de transport. La matrice du till fut mélangée de façon homogène et déposée par un seul glacier pendant qu'il s'écoulait vers le sud et le sud-est dans cette région.

[Traduit par la rédaction]
Phycodes templus isp. nov. from the Lower Devonian of northwestern New Brunswick, eastern Canada
Authors: Han Yaojun , Pickerill Ron K. 
Published: September 2014

Phycodes templus isp. nov. is described from siliciclastic turbidites of the Wapske Formation of the Tobique Group (Lower Devonian) of northwestern New Brunswick, eastern Canada. The new ichnospecies is characterized by a minimum of two, more typically several, bundled sets of essentially horizontal, broomlike or flabellate, internally structureless, lined burrows. Burrow sets within an individual specimen are interconnected by a single tunnel to form an overall inverted pagoda-shaped structure. The ichnotaxon is believed to have been produced by a vagile deposit feeder, most likely a worm-like organism.

RÉSUMÉ
Phycodes templus isp. nov. est décrit à partir d'échantillons provenant de turbidites siliciclastiqucs de la Formation de Wapske du Groupe de Tobique (Dévonien inférieur) du nord-ouest du Nouveau-Brunswick, dans L'Est du Canada. La nouvelle espèce d'ichnofossile est caractérisée par un minimum de deux, plus typiquement plusieurs ensembles groupés de terriers doublés, essentiellement horizontaux, en forme de balai ou d'éventail et sans structures internes. Les ensembles de terriers dans un spécimen donné sont interconnectés par un tunnel simple pour former une structure d'ensemble en forme de pagode inversée. On croit que L'ichnofossile a été produit par un animal mobile se nourissant de dépôts et ressemblant probablement à un ver.

[Traduit par la rédaction]
Early Carboniferous gabbro and basalt in the St. Peters area, southern Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia
Authors: Barr S. M. , Grammatikopoulos A. L. , Dunning G. R. 
Published: September 2014

Small gabbroic plutons and minor mafic volcanic rocks occur in the St Peters area of southwestern Cape Breton Island. U-Pb dating of zircon and baddeleyite show that the gabbro has an Early Carboniferous age of 339 ± 2 Ma, similar to the age of the surrounding sedimentary units of the Horton and Windsor groups. The gabbros were intruded at shallow depth, consistent with their association with minor mafic volcanic rocks. Penological studies suggest that evolution of the gabbros involved fractionation of Mg-rich olivine and pyroxene, but not significant plagioclase. The chemical characteristics of the suite have been partly modified by alteration, evidenced in albitization of plagioclase and zones of carbonate alteration, but generally indicate a continental within-plato tectonic setting and tholeiitic affinity. The parent magma may have been depleted in heavy rare-earth elements, and was possibly derived from a garnet-bearing mantle source. The St Peters gabbros and basalts are part of widespread mid-Devonian to Carboniferous igneous activity in Atlantic Canada, apparently related to extension during the development of the Maritimes Basin.

RÉSUMÉ
De petites intrusions ignées gabbrolques et de faibles quantités de roches volcano-mafiques sont présentes dans la région de St. Peters, dans le sud-ouest de File du Cap-Breton. Une datation au U-Pb a partir de zircon et de baddeleyite révèle que le gabbro est êge de 339 ± 2 Ma et qu'il remonte done au Carbonifère inférieur, similairement aux unités setlimentaires des groupes de Horton et de Windsor. Les gabbros ont été penetnis a une faible profondeur, conformement à leur association avec les roches volcano-mafiques. Des études pétrologiques permettent de supposer que l'évolution des gabbros a comporté un fractionnement d'olivine et de pyroxene riches en Mg, mais pas de fractionnement de plagioclase important. Les caractéristiques chimiques de la sirie ont été particllcment modifiers par alteration, comme le demontrent l'albitisation du plagioclase et les zones d'alteration du carbonate, mais elles ré vèlent generalement une compaction tectonique intra-plaque continentale et une affinité thoteiitique. Le magma parental a pu être appauvri d'éléments lourds des terres rares et il provient possiblement d'une source mantetique grenatifere. Les gabbros et les basaltes de St. Peters font partie de l'activité ignée generate du milieu du Dévonien au Carbonifère dans les provinces de l'Atlantique, laquelle est apparemment reliée a l'extension survenue pendant le développement du bassin des Maritimes.

[Traduit par la rédaction]
Note: U-Pb baddeleyite dating clarifies age of characteristic paleomagnetic remanence of Long Range dykes, southeastern Labrador
Authors: Kamo Sandra L. , Gower Charles F. 
Published: September 2014

A second age of 615 Ma has been obtained for the Long Range dykes in Labrador. This age removes uncertainty, introduced by anomalous paleomagnetic results, that more than one age of dykes trending north-northeast is present in the region. It also establishes that the age of the primary magnetization of the Long Range dykes is 615 Ma.

RÉSUMÉ
On a obtenu un deuxième âge, fixé à 615 Ma, par rapport aux dykes de Long Range, au Labrador. Celui-ci élimine l'incertitude, qu'avaient amenée des résultats paléomagmétiques anomaux, au sujet de la présence de dykes de Long Range d'une direction nord-nord-est de plus d'un âge dans la région. On a en outre établi l'âge de la magnétisation originelle des dykes de Long Range à 615 Ma.

[Traduit par la rédaction]
Getting to Know O'Neill
Authors: Murphy Brenda 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Brenda Murphy, as scholar, teacher, and former Eugene O'Neill Society president, recounts her lifelong fascination with Eugene O'Neill. She is the author of books about American realism, the Provincetown Players, and the performance history of Long Day's Journey Into Night, as well as other topics, and articles about O'Neill in the American intertext.
Hero into General:
Authors: Garstad Benjamin 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT
One of the interpretive models applied by the ancient Greeks to their myths was the recasting of heroes as generals and their lonely quests as elaborate military campaigns. In the first instances, this reimagining of mythic narratives was intended to explain the esteem in which heroes were held, lend credibility to their legends, and extend the period of recorded history. Rather than “debunking,” the interpretation of heroes as generals was a positive attempt to bolster the reputation of the heroes and their cults. Over time this particular kind of historicization seems to have enjoyed extensive popularity, so much so that its rationale crept into even the most inhospitable genres, like epic, which rejected rationalization on the whole. Indeed, so popular was the understanding of heroes as generals, it was not necessarily made explicit in accounts that took it as a premise. The very prevalence of this historical interpretation of myth seems to have resulted in a return to at least the appearance of fable form in accounts of mythic heroes intended as historical narratives. The seismic ideological shift from a predominant paganism in the ancient Mediterranean to a predominant Christianity also finally made the historicization of myth a kind of debunking. Not that Christian versions of myth denied the existence of heroes, rather they stressed their most disreputable characteristics and deeds and attempted to undermine the regard in which heroes were held. This article will explore the development of the interpretation of heroes as generals through an examination of the accounts of three different figures: Heracles in Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Dionysus in Nonnus of Panopolis, and Perseus in John Malalas.
Melting the Ice Gods:
Authors: Gibson Marion 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT
This article discusses the genre of prehistoric science fiction and its exploration of notions of the genesis of religion and the identities of old gods and goddesses from 1880 to 1955. Beginning with an introduction to the contemporary anthropological context (Edward Tylor, James George Frazer, Sigmund Freud, Jane Harrison, and Margaret Murray and their speculations on deities from Mithra to Isis), it then discusses both obscure and canonical science fiction texts in this context, many of them little known or never before discussed in the context of theological history. Authors whose work is considered include Andrew Lang, H. G. Wells, Rudyard Kipling, Henry Rider Haggard, S. Fowler Wright, Henry Marriage Wallis, Naomi Mitchison, and William Golding. The article draws attention to the gendered implications of imagining ancient deities, with goddess fictions significantly more optimistic than those about gods: the shape of things to come in both the practice of modern pagan religion worldwide and the decline of Christian practice in Britain. Fictions of old gods emphasize pessimism, despair, and human fallibility and even sometimes conclude with outright atheism; fictions of old goddesses feature heroic and sympathetic protagonists and can offer a satisfying and harmonious alternative to Christianity. The earth, mother, and virgin goddesses who emerge from these fictions went on to shape both contemporary literature and contemporary and current religion. Indeed, one has even shaped modern science: William Golding's goddess Oa, who inspired James Lovelock's Gaia, symbol of the earth as a self-sustaining system. These apparently obscure and ephemeral texts thus show how fiction contributed to and shaped the religious politics of late Victorian and early twentieth-century Britain: as writers used fictional work to try out reinvented old deities for new times, pagan and broadly feminist goddesses triumphed over avatars of the Christian god in a prefiguring of trends in twentieth-century British spirituality.
Association Between Second‐Trimester Cervical Length and Cesarean Delivery in Multiparas
Authors: Miller Emily S. , Einerson Brett , Sahabi Sadia , Grobman William A. 
Published: September 2014

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to determine whether there is an association between second‐trimester cervical length and cesarean delivery in women with a prior vaginal delivery.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of multiparous women with singleton gestations who underwent routine cervical length screening between 18 and 24 weeks' gestation and labored after 34 weeks. Cervical lengths were divided into quartiles, and the frequency of cesarean delivery was compared across the groups. Indications for cesarean delivery were also compared. A multivariable logistic regression was performed with cervical length as a categorical and a continuous variable to adjust for potential confounders.ResultsOf the 2260 multiparas who met inclusion criteria, 63 (2.8%) underwent a cesarean delivery. We observed no association between the second‐trimester cervical length quartile and the frequency of cesarean delivery (2.1%, 3.5%, 2.3%, and 3.1%, respectively; P = .434). Further analysis using cervical length as a continuous variable and controlling for potential confounding variables did not change this result (adjusted odds ratio, 1.08; 95% confidence interval, 0.80–1.46).ConclusionsThe second‐trimester cervical length quartile in multiparas is not associated with an increased frequency of cesarean delivery. This finding differs from studies of nulliparas.
What Is the Importance of Second‐Trimester “Soft Markers” for Trisomy 21 After an 11‐ to 14‐Week Aneuploidy Screening Scan?
Authors: Bromley Bryann , Shipp Thomas D. , Lyons Jennifer , Groszmann Yvette , Navathe Reshama S. , Benacerraf Beryl R. 
Published: September 2014

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the importance of second‐trimester “soft markers” for trisomy 21 after an 11‐ to 14‐week aneuploidy screening scan.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of consecutive patients referred for measurement of the nuchal translucency (NT) as part of a screening protocol for aneuploidy. Patients who returned for an anatomic survey between 16 and 20 weeks' gestation were evaluated. The sonographic markers and anomalies associated with the detection of trisomy 21 in the second trimester were analyzed.ResultsThere were 42 fetuses (0.4%) with trisomy 21 identified in the study cohort of 9692 patients. Trisomy 21 was suspected at the NT scan in 28 fetuses (67%) and at the second‐trimester anatomic survey in 14 (33%). In fetuses first suspected of having trisomy 21 in the second trimester, 9 of 14 had normal anatomic survey results, and 5 of 14 had congenital malformations. All 14 fetuses had soft markers for aneuploidy. A thickened nuchal fold was identified in 5 of 9 fetuses with trisomy 21 and normal anatomic survey results, all of whom had an NT of less than 3.0 mm at the initial screening scan.ConclusionsSecond‐trimester soft markers, especially a thickened nuchal fold, remain important observations in the detection of trisomy 21 by sonography among fetuses who have had first‐trimester sonographic screening for aneuploidy.
Effect of Ultrasound Sonication on Clonogenic Survival and Mitochondria of Ovarian Cancer Cells in the Presence of Methylene Blue
Authors: Xiang Junyan , Leung Albert Wingnang , Xu Chuanshan 
Published: September 2014

ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the effect of ultrasound sonication in the presence of methylene blue on clonogenic survival and mitochondria of ovarian cancer cells.MethodsHuman ovarian cancer HO‐8910 cells, which were incubated with different concentrations of methylene blue for 1 hour, were exposed to an ultrasonic wave for 5 seconds with intensity of 0.46 W/cm2. Clonogenic survival of HO‐8910 cells after ultrasound sonication was measured by a colony‐forming unit assay. Mitochondrial structural changes were observed on transmission electron microscopy, and the mitochondrial membrane potential was evaluated by confocal laser‐scanning microscopy with rhodamine 123 staining.ResultsThe colony‐forming units of HO‐8910 cells decreased considerably after ultrasound sonication in the presence of methylene blue. Transmission electron microscopy showed slightly enlarged mitochondria in the ultrasound‐treated cells in the absence of methylene blue; however, seriously damaged mitochondria, even with almost complete disappearance of cristae, were found in the cells treated by ultrasound sonication in the presence of methylene blue. The mitochondrial membrane potential collapsed significantly when HO‐8910 cells were treated by ultrasound sonication in the presence of methylene blue (P < .05).ConclusionsUltrasound sonication in the presence of methylene blue markedly damaged mitochondrial structure and function and decreased clonogenic survival of HO‐8910 cells.
Diagnostic Performance of Shear Wave Elastography of the Breast According to Scanning Orientation
Authors: Kim Solip , Choi SeonHyeong , Choi Yoonjung , Kook Shin-Ho , Park Hee Jin , Chung Eun Chul 
Published: September 2014

ObjectivesTo evaluate the influence of the scanning orientation on diagnostic performance measured by the mean elasticity, maximum elasticity, and fat‐to‐lesion elasticity ratio on ultrasound‐based shear wave elastography in differentiating breast cancers from benign lesions.MethodsIn this study, a total of 260 breast masses from 235 consecutive patients were observed from March 2012 to November 2012. For each lesion, the mean elasticity value, maximum elasticity value, and fat‐to‐lesion ratio were measured along two orthogonal directions, and all values were compared with pathologic results.ResultsThere were 59 malignant and 201 benign lesions. Malignant masses showed higher mean elasticity, maximum elasticity, and fat‐to‐lesion ratio values than benign lesions (P < .0001). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves were as follows: average mean elasticity on both views, 0.870; mean elasticity on the transverse view, 0.866; maximum elasticity on both views, 0.865; maximum elasticity on the transverse view, 0.864; mean elasticity on the longitudinal view, 0.849; fat‐to‐lesion ratio on both views, 0.849; maximum elasticity on the longitudinal view, 0.845; fat‐to‐lesion ratio on the transverse view, 0.841; and fat‐to‐lesion ratio on the longitudinal view, 0.814. Intraclass correlation coefficients for agreement between the scanning directions were as follows: mean elasticity, 0.852; maximum elasticity, 0.842; fat‐to‐lesion ratio, 0.746, for masses; and mean elasticity, 0.392, for anterior mammary fat.ConclusionsMean elasticity, maximum elasticity, and fat‐to‐lesion elasticity ratio values were helpful in differentiating benign and malignant breast masses. The scanning orientation did not significantly affect the diagnostic performance of shear wave elastography for breast masses.
Emergency Ultrasound Fellowship Training
Authors: Adhikari Srikar , Fiorello Albert 
Published: September 2014

ObjectivesTo describe our experience with implementation of a novel team‐based emergency ultrasound (EUS) fellowship training program.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review at an academic medical center. All emergency department (ED) faculty and residents were divided into 3 teams, and a fellow was assigned to each team. Each fellow was responsible for ultrasound (US) education of their team members and faculty credentialing. Additionally, each fellow was assigned to one of these specific responsibilities every month: (1) education, (2) quality assurance/billing, and (3) equipment. The fellows also received a checklist at the beginning of the fellowship training, which outlined research, reading, teaching, and scanning requirements.ResultsWith a team‐based approach, all US examinations were reviewed for quality control within 1 week after the scans were performed. The number of US examinations billed by faculty increased by 180%. The US billing revenue increased by 60% during the study period. Fifteen additional faculty members were credentialed to use US in the ED. Compliance with bedside documentation of US findings increased from 30% to 90%. There was increased resident engagement, and the number of scans performed by residents increased by 130%. There was also a substantial decrease in the funds required to replace damaged transducers.ConclusionsA team‐based EUS fellowship training program had a substantial impact on US use in the ED, quality control review, faculty credentialing, US billing revenue, compliance with documentation, and resident US education.