bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adolescent asthma after rhinovirus and respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis
Authors: Ruotsalainen Marja , Hyvärinen Mari K. , Piippo‐Savolainen Eija , Korppi Matti 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackground and AimsAsthma risk is increased after bronchiolitis in infancy. Recent studies have suggested that the risk may be dependent on the causative virus. The aim of the study was to evaluate the asthma risk in adolescence in subjects hospitalized for rhinovirus or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis in infancy.Subjects and MethodsAt the median age of 16.5 years, a questionnaire was sent to 96 study subjects hospitalized for bronchiolitis at <24 months of age and since then prospectively followed‐up. Sixty‐seven (70%) returned the fulfilled questionnaire. RSV and rhinovirus etiology of bronchiolitis had been studied in serum and respiratory samples obtained on admission in infancy. The occurrence of asthma was compared between former bronchiolitis patients and population controls recruited for this study in adolescence.ResultsDoctor‐diagnosed asthma was present in 30% of former bronchiolitis patients and in 5% of controls (OR 7.9, 95% CI 3.3–19.3). The respective figures for self‐reported asthma were 64% and 11% (OR 14.7, 95% CI 7.2–30.0). Self‐reported asthma was more common in the former rhinovirus than RSV patients (83.3% vs. 47.6%, P = 0.023, mixed infections included; 81.3% vs. 50%, P = 0.067, mixed infections excluded).ConclusionsPatients hospitalized for RSV and rhinovirus bronchiolitis at <24 months of age had an increased asthma risk at 15–18 years of age compared with population controls. Within the former bronchiolitis group, the risk of self‐reported asthma was higher after non‐RSV versus RSV and after rhinovirus versus non‐rhinovirus bronchiolitis. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2013; 48:633–639. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Midkine is associated with neuroendocrine differentiation in castration‐resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Nordin Anna , Wang Wanzhong , Welén Karin , Damber Jan‐Erik 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBACKGROUNDCastration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is an incurable disease and both androgen‐deprivation therapy (ADT) and neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) are closely related to CRPC transition. More knowledge concerning neuroendocrine (NE)‐transformed PC cells, the NED process and its association with CRPC, is needed. Expression of growth factor midkine (MDK) is correlated with poor clinical outcomes in various human cancers, including PC. In the present study, we have evaluated MDK expression and NED in two separate tumor groups: early and advanced PC.METHODSImmunohistochemical analysis of MDK, the neuronal marker tubulin‐beta III (TUBB3) and the NE‐marker chromogranin A (CGA) in a human archival material consisting of hormone naive (HN)/stage T1b (n = 29) and CRPC (n = 24) tumors. Triple immunofluorescent imaging was performed on a selection of specimens.RESULTSMDK, TUBB3, and CGA were upregulated in CRPC compared to HN tumors. MDK was highly associated to the expression of both CGA and TUBB3, and identified MDK‐positive NE‐like looking cells found to co‐express CGA or, more commonly, CGA together with TUBB3. CGA and TUBB3 staining displayed a partial expression overlap, an overlap almost exclusively displaying also MDK expression.CONCLUSIONSMDK upregulation in CRPC is associated with NED (shown by its relation to CGA and TUBB3). The results suggest that MDK represents an over‐bridging marker between different populations of NE‐like tumor cells, possibly as part of the NED process and associated CRPC transition, something that needs to be evaluated experimentally as does the applicability of MDK as a future target. Prostate 73: 657–667, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Electrodeposition of In2O3 thin films from a dimethylsulfoxide based electrolytic solution
Authors: Henríquez R. , Muñoz E. , Dalchiele E. A. , Marotti R. E. , Martín F. , Leinen D. , Ramos‐Barrado J. R. , Gómez H. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIndium (III) oxide (In2O3) thin films have been obtained after heat treatment of In(OH)3 precursor layers grown by a potential cycling electrodeposition (PCED) method from a dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) based electrolytic solution onto fluorine‐doped tin oxide (FTO) coated glass substrates. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) measurements indicate the formation of a polycrystalline In2O3 phase with a cubic structure. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed a smooth morphology of the In2O3 thin films after an optimized heat treatment had been developed. The surface composition and chemical state of the semiconductor films was established by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. The nature of the semiconductor material, flat band potential and donor density were determined from Mott–Schottky plots. This study reveals that the In2O3 films exhibited n‐type conductivity with an average donor density of 2.2 × 1017 cm−3. The optical characteristics were determined through transmittance spectra. The direct and indirect band gap values obtained are according to the accepted values for the In2O3 films of 2.83 and 3.54 eV for the indirect and direct band gap values.
Nitrogen and triple oxygen isotopes in near‐road air samples using chemical conversion and thermal decomposition
Authors: Smirnoff Anna , Savard Martine M. , Vet Robert , Simard Marie‐Christine 
Published: November 2012

RATIONALEThe determination of triple oxygen (δ18O and δ17O) and nitrogen isotopes (δ15N) is important when investigating the sources and atmospheric paths of nitrate and nitrite. To fully understand the atmospheric contribution into the terrestrial nitrogen cycle, it is crucial to determine the δ15N values of oxidised and reduced nitrogen species in precipitation and dry deposition.METHODSIn an attempt to further develop non‐biotic methods and avoid expensive modifications of the gas‐equilibration system, we have combined and modified sample preparation procedures and analytical setups used by other researchers. We first chemically converted NO3– and NH4+ into NO2– and then into N2O. Subsequently, the resulting gas was decomposed into N2 and O2 and analyzed by isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) using a pre‐concentration system equipped with a gold reduction furnace.RESULTSThe δ17O, δ18O and δ15N values of nitrate and nitrite samples were acquired simultaneously in one run using a single analytical system. Most importantly, the entire spectrum of δ17O, δ18O and/or δ15N values was determined from atmospheric nitrate, nitric oxide, ammonia and ammonium. The obtained isotopic values for air and precipitation samples were in good agreement with those from previous studies.CONCLUSIONSWe have further advanced chemical approaches to sample preparation and isotope analyses of nitrogen‐bearing compounds. The proposed methods are inexpensive and easily adaptable to a wide range of laboratory conditions. This will substantially contribute to further studies on sources and pathways of nitrate, nitrite and ammonium in terrestrial nitrogen cycling. Copyright © 2012 Crown in the right of Canada. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nowcasting influenza epidemics using non‐homogeneous hidden Markov models
Authors: Nunes Baltazar , Natário Isabel , Lucília Carvalho M. 
Published: November 2012

Timeliness of a public health surveillance system is one of its most important characteristics. The process of predicting the present situation using available incomplete information from surveillance systems has received the term nowcasting and has high public health interest. Generally in Europe, general practitioners’ sentinel networks support the epidemiological surveillance of influenza activity, and each week's epidemiological bulletins are usually issued between Wednesday and Friday of the following week.In this work, we have developed a non‐homogeneous hidden Markov model (HMM) that, on a weekly basis, uses as covariates an early observation of influenza‐like illness (ILI) incidence rate and the number of ILI cases tested positive to nowcast the current week ILI rate and the probability that the influenza activity is in an epidemic state.We use Bayesian inference to find estimates of the model parameters and nowcasted quantities. The results obtained with data provided by the Portuguese influenza surveillance system show the additional value of using a non‐homogeneous HMM instead of a homogeneous one. The use of a non‐homogeneous HMM improves the surveillance system timeliness in 2 weeks. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Psychometric Evaluation of a Coping Questionnaire in Two Independent Samples of People with Diabetes
Authors: Persson Lars‐Olof , Erichsen Magdalena , Wändell Per , Gåfvels Catharina 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe study examines internal item/scale structure and concurrent validity of a newly developed 48‐item questionnaire [General Coping Questionnaire (GCQ)] that measures 10 aspects of coping with chronic illness (self‐trust, problem‐reducing actions, change of values, social trust, minimization, fatalism, resignation, protest, isolation and intrusion). The tests were performed in two independent samples of persons with diabetes mellitus. The first sample consisted of 119 subjects with type I diabetes and the second sample of 184 subjects with type II diabetes. Concurrent validity was examined by comparisons with measures of health‐related quality of life (SF‐36), a measure of metabolic control (HbA1c) and incidence of diabetic complications. The item/scale structure was found to be similar and very good in both samples. The 10 dimensions correlated as expected with the measure of mental health, although the ‘negative’ dimensions of the GCQ correlated higher compared with the ‘positive’ dimensions. Weaker relations with metabolic control were also found in one of the samples. These tests provide further evidence that GCQ is a well‐structured, relevant and reliable instrument for assessing coping reactions in chronic somatic conditions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of Optimism, Social Support, Fighting Spirit, Cancer Worry and Internal Health Locus of Control on Positive Affect in Cancer Survivors: A Path Analysis
Authors: Hodges Kayleigh , Winstanley Sue 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe psychological impact of a cancer diagnosis can extend through treatment, well into cancer survivorship and can be influenced by a range of psychosocial resources. At different stages in this trajectory, optimism is known to affect well‐being directly. This study focusing upon the potential to flourish after cancer, investigates the relationship between optimism and positive affect during cancer survivorship together with four possible mediators: social support, fighting spirit, internal health locus of control and cancer worry, all of which have been shown to be important predictors of well‐being in cancer patients. Participants (n = 102) from online cancer forums completed standardized questionnaires, and path analysis confirmed that optimism had a direct effect on positive affect in cancer survivors. Social support and fighting spirit were also shown to be significant mediators of this relationship, accounting collectively for 50% of the variance in positive affect. Whilst cancer worry and internal health locus of control could be predicted from levels of optimism, they did not mediate the optimism–positive affect relationship. Efforts to promote optimism and thus encourage fighting spirit at diagnosis through treatment may be worthwhile interventions, as would ensuring appropriate social support through the trajectory. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simulations of the Ladle Teeming Process and Verification With Pilot Experiment
Authors: Ni Peiyuan , Jonsson Lage T.I. , Jönsson Pär G. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe ladle teeming process was investigated by 2D axis‐symmetrical mathematical models and a pilot‐plant experiment. Different turbulence models, including the low Reynolds number k–ε model and the realizable k–ε model both with an enhanced wall treatment (EWT) and a standard wall function (SWF), were used to simulate this process. All of these turbulence model predictions generally agreed well with the experimental results. The velocity distributions in the nozzle were also predicted by these turbulence models. At the late stage of the teeming process, the drain sink flow phenomenon was studied. The combination of an inclined ladle bottom and a gradually expanding nozzle was found to be an effective way to alleviate a drain sink flow.
Beulverhalten längsausgesteifter Platten unter Interaktion von Biegung und Querkraft
Authors: Kuhlmann Ulrike , Zizza Antonio , Sinur Franc 
Published: November 2012

AbstractDieser Beitrag befasst sich mit der Interaktion von Biegung und Querkraft an längsausgesteiften dünnwandigen Platten. Hierfür wurden an längs‐ und querausgesteiften Trägern insgesamt sechs großformatige Versuche mit hohen Biegemomenten und Schubkräften durchgeführt. In Längsrichtung waren die Stege jeweils mit einer trapezförmigen Steife versehen, die bei zwei der Träger in Stegmitte und bei den anderen vier Trägern im Druckbereich des Steges angebracht waren. Zusätzlich wird das mit dem Programm ABAQUS erstellte numerische Modell vorgestellt und mit Hilfe der Versuchsergebnisse verifiziert. Abschließend werden die Traglast und der Bemessungswiderstand nach EN 1993‐1‐5 verglichen und diskutiert. Der Bemessungswiderstand wurde dabei sowohl mit der Methode der wirksamen Breite als auch mit der Methode der reduzierten Spannungen berechnet.Buckling of slender plates due to bending‐shear interaction – Experimental and numerical Investigations. In this paper the bending‐shear interaction of slender plates is studied. Six large tests were performed on longitudinally and transversally stiffened girders in the range of high bending moment and shear force. In longitudinal direction the webs were stiffened with a trapezoidal stiffener positioned at the mid web depth for two girders and in the compression zone for the other four girders. Furthermore, a numerical model built in the general‐purpose code ABAQUS is presented and verified against test results. In the final part of this paper the maximum load and the design resistance according to EN 1993‐1‐5 are compared and discussed. The design resistance was calculated with both options, according to the effective width method and the reduced stress method.
skywalk allgäu – Baumwipfelpfad
Authors: Frickel Jörg 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn der Nähe des Bodensees wurde letztes Jahr der skywalk allgäu offiziell eingeweiht. Bei diesem sozial und ökologisch interessanten Projekt handelt es sich um einen Baumwipfelpfad, d. h. einem Rundweg in einer Höhe von 15 bis 30 m über Grund zwischen den Baumwipfeln der Allgäuer Alpen auf ca. 1000 m ü. NN. Die stählerne Konstruktion besteht aus einem 50 m hohen Aussichtsturm, 14 mit Seilen abgespannten Masten mit Längen von bis zu 45 m, sowie einem aus Schrägseil‐ und Hängebrückenkonstruktionen bestehenden Rundweg. Der Erlebnischarakter des Bauwerks wird durch spezielle Bauelemente und das dem Tragwerk eigene Verformungs‐ und Schwingungsverhalten unterstützt.skywalk allgäu – A trial through the tree tops of the Allgäu Alps. Not far away from the Lake Constance, the skywalk allgäu was officially inaugurated in 2011. This social and ecological interesting project is about a trial through the tree tops of the Allgäu Alps. 1000 m above sea level and 15 to 30 m over the ground, there is a loop road through the crowns of the alpine forest. The steel construction is build out of a 50 m high observation tower, 14 masts with length up to 45 m, which are braced with cables, and a loop road existing out of suspension bridges und cable stayed bridges. The structure provides the special experience for the visitor with its deformation and vibration behaviour.
Näherungsverfahren für die Brandbemessung von Hohlprofilverbundstützen
Authors: Hanswille Gerhard , Bergmann Marco 
Published: November 2012

AbstractEs wird ein Verfahren für die vereinfachte Bemessung von ausbetonierten kreisrunden Hohlprofilen im Brandfall vorgestellt, das eine einfache Handrechnung ermöglicht. Das entwickelte Verfahren orientiert sich in seiner Methodik eng an den Berechnungsverfahren für Verbundstützen im Kaltfall nach DIN EN 1994‐1‐1. Die aus der Temperaturbelastung resultierenden verschiedenen Streckgrenzen und thermischen Eigenspannungen werden durch eine von der Beflammungsdauer abhängige Einordnung des Querschnitts in das bekannte Knickspannungslinienspektrum berücksichtigt. Zur Herleitung des Verfahrens wurden in umfangreichen Parameteruntersuchungen die Temperaturfelder verschiedener Querschnitte auf der Grundlage von DIN EN 1994‐1‐2 bestimmt und vereinfachte Berechnungsmethoden für die Temperaturfeldberechnung abgeleitet. Für diese Querschnitte wurden dann die Traglastkurven ermittelt und eine über die Stützenlänge konstante, effektive Ersatzsteifigkeit zur Ermittlung der bezogenen Schlankheit bestimmt.A simplified method for the structural fire design of circular hollow composite columns. In this contribution a simplified method for the structural fire design of circular hollow composite columns is described. The developed design method closely follows the design method for composite columns according to DIN EN 1994‐1‐1. With respect to different yield strength across the cross section due to the temperature field and the stresses caused by thermal strains the cross section is classified to buckling curves on the base of the well‐known buckling curve spectrum of DIN EN 1994‐1‐1. For the development of the design method temperature fields of various cross sections are determined according to DIN EN 1994‐1‐2, from which simplified calculation methods for temperature fields are derived. For each cross section the load bearing curve is determined and an effective bending stiffness for the determination of the related slenderness is calculated.
Bemessungshilfen für die Heißbemessung ungeschützter Stahlprofile auf Basis des Eurocode 3 Teil 1‐2
Authors: Krahwinkel Manuel , Petersen Tobias , Gehmert Christian 
Published: November 2012

AbstractDie Tragwerksbemessung für den Brandfall kann für ungeschützte Stahlkonstruktionen auf der Grundlage von Eurocode 3, Teil 1‐2 erfolgen. Bei der Ermittlung der Bauteilwiderstände wird dabei die temperaturabhängige Abminderung der Steifigkeit und der Festigkeit des Baustoffes Stahl berücksichtigt. Der Eurocode 3, Teil 1‐2 beinhaltet ein Zeitschrittverfahren, mit welchem die Stahltemperatur in kleinen Zeitintervallen schrittweise aus einem beliebigen zeitlichen Verlauf der einwirkenden Brandgastemperatur berechnet werden kann. Dieses aufwändige Verfahren ist notwendig, da sich zum einen die Wärmekapazität des Stahls bei steigender Temperatur ändert und zum anderen der Wärmestrom zwischen Brandgas und Stahl abhängig von der Temperaturdifferenz beider Stoffe ist. Für die Heißbemessung ungeschützter Stahlprofile werden im vorliegenden Beitrag Bemessungshilfen für häufig verwendete Walzprofilquerschnitte vorgestellt, die für die Feuerwiderstandsklasse R30 ein direktes Ablesen der Stahltemperatur aus Tabellen ermöglichen, ohne dass eine Zeitschrittberechnung erforderlich ist. Diese Hilfen für die Berechnung der Stahltemperatur werden ergänzt durch Bemessungshilfen in Form von Tabellen, aus denen die Querschnittsklassen im Brandfall und die Traglasten im Brandfall für Biegeknicken und Biegedrillknicken direkt abgelesen werden können. Die Anwendung der Bemessungshilfen wird anhand von Beispielen erläutert.Design tables for the fire design of unprotected steel sections due to Eurocode 3 part 1‐2. Fire design for unprotected steel sections is based on Eurocode 3 part 1‐2 using reduction factors for material properties at elevated temperatures. To calculate the steel temperature during a fire Eurocode 3 part 1‐2 gives a time‐increment‐method which is not suitable for hand calculations. For this reason this paper presents design tables with steel temperatures of steel sections subjected to a fire resistance class R30 respectably 30 min of a standard fire. Additional design tables are presented for the fire design of steel members subjected to buckling and lateral torsional buckling. The use of the design tables is illustrated by worked examples.
Tragwerksertüchtigung am Beispiel einer Verbundbrücke
Authors: Kraus Matthias , Niebuhr Hans Joachim , Jostmann Michael , Vette Jan 
Published: November 2012

AbstractDie Talbrücke Rahmede wurde in den Jahren 1965 bis 1968 im Zuge der Bundesautobahn A 45 bei Lüdenscheid erbaut. Die A 45, aufgrund der Streckenführung auch als Sauerlandlinie bzw. Königin der Autobahnen bekannt, führt von Dortmund nach Aschaffenburg und verbindet somit das Ruhrgebiet mit dem Rhein‐Main‐Gebiet. Auf einer Gesamtlänge von 257 km ist die Talbrücke Rahmede eine von insgesamt 73 Brücken. Bedingt durch das größer werdende Verkehrsaufkommen und den damit verbundenen immer stärker werdenden Verkehrsbelastungen müssen die bestehenden Bauwerke im Hinblick auf die Tragfähigkeit und Standsicherheit überprüft und beurteilt werden. Für die Rahmedetalbrücke haben sich in diesem Zusammenhang Überbeanspruchungen ergeben, so dass derzeit ein Konzept zur Ertüchtigung erarbeitet wird. Im Rahmen dieses Aufsatzes wird auf die Bestandskonstruktion und die sich ergebenden Tragfähigkeitsüberschreitungen eingegangen sowie die geplante Verstärkungskonstruktion vorgestellt. Darüber hinaus werden zwei Konstruktionsdetails im Hinblick auf das Stabilitätsverhalten weitergehend untersucht.Exemplary strengthening of a composite bridge. The viaduct of Rahmede was built in the years from 1965 to 1968 near Lüdenscheid in connection with the German freeway A 45. Due to its routing, the A 45 is also known as “Sauerland‐Line” or “Queen of Motorways”. It leads from Dortmund to Aschaffenburg and therefore connects the Ruhr‐Area with the Rhine‐Main‐Region. Within a total length of 257 km, the viaduct of Rahmede is one of 73 bridges. The structure has to resist increasing stresses caused by the rising amount of traffic. For that reason existing bridges have to be checked in terms of load‐bearing capacity and structural stability. In this context overloading has been recognized for the viaduct of Rahmede, which is why currently a strengthening concept is being worked out. Within this essay the existing bridge is being presented pointing out the overstressing of the structure. In addition the construction designed for strengthening purposes will be introduced focusing two details with regard to their stability behavior.