bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Air Force Academy Contributions to Development of the A-10 Drooped Leading Edge Modification
Authors: Yechout Thomas R. , Buscher Austin , Trochlil Steven , Rozsa Jordan , Pryor Lillian , Jenkins Jerome C. 
Published: August 2015

To enhance overall performance of the A-10 Close Air Support Aircraft and enhance reliability and maintainability, the United States Air Force Academy (USAFA) Aeronautics Department proposed a fixed drooped leading edge configuration in the summer of 2011 to replace the current slat system located on the inboard leading edge of the wing. In the spring of 2012, the A-10 Systems Program Office at Hill AFB tasked the USAFA Department of Aeronautics to conduct an effort to evaluate the existing slats extended and slats retracted configurations as well as three drooped leading edge configurations so comparisons could be made [1–5]. This effort was a follow-on investigation of five drooped leading edge configurations plus two additional ones with geometric twist, and an additional one with fences. This wind tunnel evaluation was performed using a 1/20 scale model.
Of the eight configurations evaluated, the 11% drooped leading edge with fences performed the best in minimizing total pressure distortion across various angles of attack and sideslip. However, the 10% droop had better drag characteristics (determined in a parallel investigation) and was projected to have significant drag reduction benefits at the higher angles of attack which could improve sustained turning performance. Based on these combined results, the 10% droop was the USAFA recommended configuration in the Fall of 2012 for further evaluations by USAFA and Arnold Engineering and Development Complex (AEDC).
Induced Gamma-Band Activity During Voluntary Movement: EEG Analysis for Clinical Purposes
Authors: Amo Carlos , del Castillo Miguel Ortiz , Barea Rafael , de Santiago Luis , Martínez-Arribas Alejandro , Amo-López Pedro , Boquete Luciano 
Published: August 2015

Objective:Propose a simplified method applicable in routine clinical practice that uses EEG to assess induced gamma-band activity (GBA) in the 30–90 Hz frequency range in cerebral motor areas.Design:EEG recordings (25 healthy subjects) of cerebral activity (at rest, motor task). GBA was obtained as power spectral density (PSD). GBA — defined as the gamma index (Iγ) — was calculated using the basal GBA (γB) and motor GBA (γMOV) PSD values.Results:The mean values of Iγ were (IγR (right hand) = 1.30, IγL (left hand) = 1.22). Manual laterality showed a correlation with Iγ.Conclusions:Iγ may provide a useful way of indirectly assessing operation of activated motor neuronal circuits. It could be applied to diagnosis of motor area pathologies and as follow up in rehabilitation processes. Likewise, Iγ could enable the assessment of motor capacity, physical training and manual laterality in sport medicine.
Independent Co-Option of a Tailed Bacteriophage into a Killing Complex in
Pseudomonas
Authors: Hockett Kevin L. , Renner Tanya , Baltrus David A. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT

Competition between microbes is widespread in nature, especially among those that are closely related. To combat competitors, bacteria have evolved numerous protein-based systems (bacteriocins) that kill strains closely related to the producer. In characterizing the bacteriocin complement and killing spectra for the model strain
Pseudomonas syringae
B728a, we discovered that its activity was not linked to any predicted bacteriocin but is derived from a prophage. Instead of encoding an active prophage, this region encodes a bacteriophage-derived bacteriocin, termed an R-type syringacin. This R-type syringacin is striking in its convergence with the well-studied R-type pyocin of
P. aeruginosa
in both genomic location and molecular function. Genomic alignment, amino acid percent sequence identity, and phylogenetic inference all support a scenario where the R-type syringacin has been co-opted independently of the R-type pyocin. Moreover, the presence of this region is conserved among several other
Pseudomonas
species and thus is likely important for intermicrobial interactions throughout this important genus.

IMPORTANCE
Evolutionary innovation is often achieved through modification of complexes or processes for alternate purposes, termed co-option. Notable examples include the co-option of a structure functioning in locomotion (bacterial flagellum) to one functioning in protein secretion (type three secretion system). Similar co-options can occur independently in distinct lineages. We discovered a genomic region in the plant pathogen
Pseudomonas syringae
that consists of a fragment of a bacteriophage genome. The fragment encodes only the tail of the bacteriophage, which is lethal toward strains of this species. This structure is similar to a previously described structure produced by the related species
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
. The two structures, however, are not derived from the same evolutionary event. Thus, they represent independent bacteriophage co-options. The co-opted bacteriophage from
P. syringae
is found in the genomes of many other
Pseudomonas
species, suggesting ecological importance across this genus.
Prescribing for Australians living with dementia: study protocol using the Delphi technique
Authors: Page Amy , Potter Kathleen , Clifford Rhonda , McLachlan Andrew , Etherton-Beer Christopher 
Published: August 2015

IntroductionPrescribing is complicated for people living with dementia, and careful consideration should be given to continuing and initiating all medicines. This study aims to elicit opinion and gain consensus on appropriate medicine use for people living with dementia in Australia to create a consensus-based list of explicit prescribing criteria.Methods and analysisA Delphi technique will be used to develop explicit criteria of medication use in adults aged 65 years and above. An interdisciplinary panel of Australian experts in geriatric therapeutics will be convened that will consist of a minimum of 10 participants. To develop the consensus-based criteria, this study will use an iterative, anonymous, multistaged approach with controlled feedback. Round 1 questionnaire will be administered, and subsequently qualitatively analysed. The round 1 results will be fed back to the panel members, and a round 2 questionnaire developed using questions on a five-point Likert scale. This process will repeat until consensus is developed, or diminishing returns are noted.Ethics and disseminationAll participants will be provided with a participant information sheet, and sign a written consent form. Ethical approval has been granted from the University of Western Australia's Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC) (reference: RA/4/1/7172). We expect that data from this study will result in a paper published in a peer-reviewed clinical journal and will also present the results at conferences.
Relationship between individual characteristics, neighbourhood contexts and help-seeking intentions for mental illness
Authors: Suka Machi , Yamauchi Takashi , Sugimori Hiroki 
Published: August 2015

ObjectiveEncouraging help-seeking for mental illness is essential for prevention of suicide. This study examined the relationship between individual characteristics, neighbourhood contexts and help-seeking intentions for mental illness for the purpose of elucidating the role of neighbourhood in the help-seeking process.Design, setting and participantsA cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted among Japanese adults aged 20–59 years in June 2014. Eligible respondents who did not have a serious health condition were included in this study (n=3308).Main outcome measuresParticipants were asked how likely they would be to seek help from someone close to them (informal help) and medical professionals (formal help), respectively, if they were suffering from serious mental illness. Path analysis with structural equation modelling was performed to represent plausible connections between individual characteristics, neighbourhood contexts, and informal and formal help-seeking intentions.ResultsThe acceptable fitting model indicated that those who had a tendency to consult about everyday affairs were significantly more likely to express an informal help-seeking intention that was directly associated with a formal help-seeking intention. Those living in a communicative neighbourhood, where neighbours say hello whenever they pass each other, were significantly more likely to express informal and formal help-seeking intentions. Those living in a supportive neighbourhood, where neighbours work together to solve neighbourhood problems, were significantly more likely to express an informal help-seeking intention. Adequate health literacy was directly associated with informal and formal help-seeking intentions, along with having an indirect effect on the formal help-seeking intention through developed positive perception of professional help.ConclusionsThe results of this study bear out the hypothesis that neighbourhood context contributes to help-seeking intentions for mental illness. Living in a neighbourhood with a communicative atmosphere and having adequate health literacy were acknowledged as possible facilitating factors for informal and formal help-seeking for mental illness.
Millennials at work: workplace environments of young adults and associations with weight-related health
Authors: Watts Allison W , Laska Melissa N , Larson Nicole I , Neumark-Sztainer Dianne R 
Published: August 2015

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to describe the workplace environments of young adults and examine associations with diet, physical activity (PA) and body mass index (BMI).MethodsCross-sectional data were collected (2008–2009) from 1538 employed young adult participants in Project EAT (Eating and Activity among Teens and Young Adults), a diverse population-based sample. Survey measures assessed height, weight, diet, moderate-to-vigorous PA, transportation-related PA and perceptions of the workplace food and PA environments (eg, soda availability, coworker support). Healthful characteristics were summed to reflect overall workplace healthfulness. Modified Poisson regression analyses conducted in 2015 identified associations between workplace food and PA environments and diet, PA and BMI.ResultsThe healthfulness of workplace environments was suboptimal. Greater exposure to healthful workplace characteristics was related to more young adults engaged in favourable diet and PA behaviours and a lower prevalence obesity. For example, adjusted rates of obesity were 24% and 17% among those reporting low (≤1 characteristic) versus high (≥3 characteristics) exposure to healthful food environments, respectively (p<0.05). Workplace characteristics independently associated with weight-related outcomes included soda availability, proximity to a fast food outlet, living close to work and perceived ease of eating a healthy diet or being active at work.ConclusionsA more healthful workplace environment overall, including physical attributes and perceived social norms, may contribute to more favourable weight-related behaviours and lower prevalence of obesity among young adults. Employer-initiated and community-initiated policies may represent one way to create healthier workplace environments for young adults.
Digoxin: its role in contemporary medicine
Authors: Stucky Marcelle A , Goldberger Zachary D 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT
Digoxin has been a key therapeutic for heart failure and atrial tachyarrhythmias for over 200 years following Withering's groundbreaking work depicting the therapeutic benefit of the common botanical foxglove in his 1785 monograph. The use of digoxin preceded any randomised evidence or even basic understanding of its mechanism of action. Over the past two decades, there has been mounting evidence further challenging the safety and efficacy of digoxin, while multiple other therapies for both heart failure and atrial tachyarrhythmias have proven to be more effective and safe. Altogether, digoxin still has an important role in contemporary pharmacotherapeutics, though its role remains controversial and should be reserved for selective patients and clinical situations, with careful attention to serum concentrations.
Estimation of isoform expression in RNA-seq data using a hierarchical Bayesian model
Authors: Wang Zengmiao , Wang Jun , Wu Changjing , Deng Minghua 
Published: August 2015

Estimation of gene or isoform expression is a fundamental step in many transcriptome analysis tasks, such as differential expression analysis, eQTL (or sQTL) studies, and biological network construction. RNA-seq technology enables us to monitor the expression on genome-wide scale at single base pair resolution and offers the possibility of accurately measuring expression at the level of isoform. However, challenges remain because of non-uniform read sampling and the presence of various biases in RNA-seq data. In this paper, we present a novel hierarchical Bayesian method to estimate isoform expression. While most of the existing methods treat gene expression as a by-product, we incorporate it into our model and explicitly describe its relationship with corresponding isoform expression using a Multinomial distribution. In this way, gene and isoform expression are included in a unified framework and it helps us achieve a better performance over other state-of-the-art algorithms for isoform expression estimation. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated using both simulated data with known ground truth and two real RNA-seq datasets from MAQC project. The codes are available at http://www.math.pku.edu.cn/teachers/dengmh/GIExp/ .
Note on the Davenport constant of the multiplicative semigroup of the quotient ring 𝔽p[x] 〈f(x)〉
Authors: Wang Haoli , Zhang Lizhen , Wang Qinghong , Qu Yongke 
Published: August 2015

Let [Formula: see text] be a finite commutative semigroup. The Davenport constant of [Formula: see text], denoted [Formula: see text], is defined to be the least positive integer [Formula: see text] such that every sequence [Formula: see text] of elements in [Formula: see text] of length at least [Formula: see text] contains a proper subsequence [Formula: see text] with the sum of all terms from [Formula: see text] equaling the sum of all terms from [Formula: see text]. Let [Formula: see text] be a polynomial ring in one variable over the prime field [Formula: see text], and let [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we made a study of the Davenport constant of the multiplicative semigroup of the quotient ring [Formula: see text] and proved that, for any prime [Formula: see text] and any polynomial [Formula: see text] which factors into a product of pairwise non-associate irreducible polynomials, [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] denotes the multiplicative semigroup of the quotient ring [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] denotes the group of units of the semigroup [Formula: see text].
Mathematical Modeling of Heat and Mass Transfer Processes with Chemical Reaction at Polymeric Material Ignition by Several Small-Size Hot Particles
Authors: Glushkov Dmitrii O. , Strizhak Pavel A. 
Published: August 2015

Numerical research of interconnected heat and mass transfer processes in the “two hot particles—polymeric material—air” system was executed. The joint effect of several local heat sources on the main integrated characteristic of ignition process (ignition delay time) was established. Two ignition models characterized by the relative positioning of hot particles on a polymeric material surface were revealed. Besides, there were established characteristics of local heat sources and the distance between them (700  K<Tp<1150 K andL>1.5orTp>1150 K and0.25<L<1.5)when regularities of heat and mass transfer processes in the “two hot particles—polymeric material—air” system are similar to regularities of heat and mass transfer processes in the “single hot particle—polymeric material—air” system.
Pretreatment microRNA Expression Impacting on Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition Predicts Intrinsic Radiosensitivity in Head and Neck Cancer Cell Lines and Patients
Authors: de Jong Monique C. , ten Hoeve Jelle J. , Grénman Reidar , Wessels Lodewyk F. , Kerkhoven Ron , te Riele Hein , van den Brekel Michiel W.M. , Verheij Marcel , Begg Adrian C. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractPurpose: Predominant causes of head and neck cancer recurrence after radiotherapy are rapid repopulation, hypoxia, fraction of cancer stem cells, and intrinsic radioresistance. Currently, intrinsic radioresistance can only be assessed by ex vivo colony assays. Besides being time-consuming, colony assays do not identify causes of intrinsic resistance. We aimed to identify a biomarker for intrinsic radioresistance to be used before start of treatment and to reveal biologic processes that could be targeted to overcome intrinsic resistance.Experimental Design: We analyzed both microRNA and mRNA expression in a large panel of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines. Expression was measured on both irradiated and unirradiated samples. Results were validated using modified cell lines and a series of patients with laryngeal cancer.Results: miRs, mRNAs, and gene sets that correlated with resistance could be identified from expression data of unirradiated cells. The presence of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and low expression of miRs involved in the inhibition of EMT were important radioresistance determinants. This finding was validated in two independent cell line pairs, in which the induction of EMT reduced radiosensitivity. Moreover, low expression of the most important miR (miR-203) was shown to correlate with local disease recurrence after radiotherapy in a series of patients with laryngeal cancer.Conclusions: These findings indicate that EMT and low expression of EMT-inhibiting miRs, especially miR-203, measured in pretreatment material, causes intrinsic radioresistance of HNSCC, which could enable identification and treatment modification of radioresistant tumors. Clin Cancer Res; 21(24); 5630–8. ©2015 AACR.
Gene Knockdown by EpCAM Aptamer–siRNA Chimeras Suppresses Epithelial Breast Cancers and Their Tumor-Initiating Cells
Authors: Gilboa-Geffen Adi , Hamar Peter , Le Minh T.N. , Wheeler Lee Adam , Trifonova Radiana , Petrocca Fabio , Wittrup Anders , Lieberman Judy 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Effective therapeutic strategies for in vivo siRNA delivery to knockdown genes in cells outside the liver are needed to harness RNA interference for treating cancer. EpCAM is a tumor-associated antigen highly expressed on common epithelial cancers and their tumor-initiating cells (TIC, also known as cancer stem cells). Here, we show that aptamer–siRNA chimeras (AsiC, an EpCAM aptamer linked to an siRNA sense strand and annealed to the siRNA antisense strand) are selectively taken up and knock down gene expression in EpCAM+ cancer cells in vitro and in human cancer biopsy tissues. PLK1 EpCAM-AsiCs inhibit colony and mammosphere formation (in vitro TIC assays) and tumor initiation by EpCAM+ luminal and basal-A triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines, but not EpCAM− mesenchymal basal-B TNBCs, in nude mice. Subcutaneously administered EpCAM-AsiCs concentrate in EpCAM+ Her2+ and TNBC tumors and suppress their growth. Thus, EpCAM-AsiCs provide an attractive approach for treating epithelial cancer. Mol Cancer Ther; 14(10); 2279–91. ©2015 AACR.
Anti-Inflammatory Treatment With Colchicine in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Deftereos Spyridon , Giannopoulos Georgios , Angelidis Christos , Alexopoulos Nikolaos , Filippatos Gerasimos , Papoutsidakis Nikolaos , Sianos George , Goudevenos John , Alexopoulos Dimitrios , Pyrgakis Vlasios , Cleman Michael W. , Manolis Antonis S. , Tousoulis Dimitrios , Lekakis John 
Published: August 2015

Background—
Inflammatory processes have been identified as key mediators of the deleterious effects of ischemia/reperfusion in ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction. Colchicine is a substance with potent anti-inflammatory properties, suitable for safe use in patients with cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that a short course of colchicine treatment could lead to reduced infarct size.

Methods and Results—

Patients presenting with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction ≤12 hours from pain onset (treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention) were randomly assigned to colchicine or placebo for 5 days. The primary outcome parameter was the area under the curve of creatine kinase-myocardial brain fraction concentration. A subset of patients underwent cardiac MRI with late gadolinium enhancement 6 to 9 days after the index ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction. One hundred fifty-one patients were included (60 in the MRI substudy). The area under the creatine kinase-myocardial brain fraction curve was 3144 (interquartile range [IQR], 1754–6940) ng·h
–1
·mL
–1
in the colchicine group in comparison with 6184 (IQR, 4456–6980) ng·h
–1
·mL
–1
in controls (
P
<0.001). Indexed MRI-late gadolinium enhancement–defined infarct size was 18.3 (IQR, 7.6–29.9) mL/1.73 m
2
in the colchicine group versus 23.2 (18.5–33.4) mL/1.73 m
2
in controls (
P
=0.019). The relative infarct size (as a proportion to left ventricular myocardial volume) was 13.0 (IQR, 8.0–25.3) % and 19.8 (IQR, 13.7–29.8) %, respectively (
P
=0.034).

Conclusions—
These results suggest a potential benefit of colchicine in ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction, but further clinical trials are necessary to draw secure conclusions, especially considering the fact that the present study was not powered to assess clinical end points.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01936285.
<p><strong>Further distribution of <em>Gertrudielle validinervis</em> (Herz.) Broth. in the Neotropics</strong></p>
Authors: Suárez Guillermo M. , Schiavone Maria M. 
Published: August 2015

Gertrudiella validinervis (Herz ) Broth is additionally recorded for the dry forests in northwestern Argentina Complete distribution in the Neotropics, including northwestern Argentina, are shown on the maps.
Inherent Bounds on Forecast Accuracy due to Observation Uncertainty Caused by Temporal Sampling
Authors: Mittermaier Marion P. , Stephenson David B. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Synoptic observations are often treated as error-free representations of the true state of the real world. For example, when observations are used to verify numerical weather prediction (NWP) forecasts, forecast–observation differences (the total error) are often entirely attributed to forecast inaccuracy. Such simplification is no longer justifiable for short-lead forecasts made with increasingly accurate higher-resolution models. For example, at least 25% of t + 6 h individual Met Office site-specific (postprocessed) temperature forecasts now typically have total errors of less than 0.2 K, which are comparable to typical instrument measurement errors of around 0.1 K. In addition to instrument errors, uncertainty is introduced by measurements not being taken concurrently with the forecasts. For example, synoptic temperature observations in the United Kingdom are typically taken 10 min before the hour, whereas forecasts are generally extracted as instantaneous values on the hour. This study develops a simple yet robust statistical modeling procedure for assessing how serially correlated subhourly variations limit the forecast accuracy that can be achieved. The methodology is demonstrated by application to synoptic temperature observations sampled every minute at several locations around the United Kingdom. Results show that subhourly variations lead to sizeable forecast errors of 0.16–0.44 K for observations taken 10 min before the forecast issue time. The magnitude of this error depends on spatial location and the annual cycle, with the greater errors occurring in the warmer seasons and at inland sites. This important source of uncertainty consists of a bias due to the diurnal cycle, plus irreducible uncertainty due to unpredictable subhourly variations that fundamentally limit forecast accuracy.