bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinesin-1 Acts with Netrin and DCC to Maintain Sensory Neuron Position in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Barsi-Rhyne Benjamin J , Miller Kristine M , Vargas Christopher T , Thomas Anthony B , Park Joori , Bremer Martina , Jarecki Jessica L , VanHoven Miri K 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
The organization of neurons and the maintenance of that arrangement are critical to brain function. Failure of these processes in humans can lead to severe birth defects, mental retardation, and epilepsy. Several kinesins have been shown to play important roles in cell migration in vertebrate systems, but few upstream and downstream pathway members have been identified. Here, we utilize the genetic model organism Caenorhabditis elegans to elucidate the pathway by which the C. elegans Kinesin-1 Heavy Chain (KHC)/KIF5 ortholog UNC-116 functions to maintain neuronal cell body position in the PHB sensory neurons. We find that UNC-116/KHC acts in part with the cell and axon migration molecules UNC-6/Netrin and UNC-40/DCC in this process, but in parallel to SAX-3/Robo. We have also identified several potential adaptor, cargo, and regulatory proteins that may provide insight into the mechanism of UNC-116/KHC’s function in this process. These include the cargo receptor UNC-33/CRMP2, the cargo adaptor protein UNC-76/FEZ and its regulator UNC-51/ULK, the cargo molecule UNC-69/SCOCO, and the actin regulators UNC-44/Ankyrin and UNC-34/Enabled. These genes also act in cell migration and axon outgrowth; however, many proteins that function in these processes do not affect PHB position. Our findings suggest an active posterior cell migration mediated by UNC-116/KHC occurs throughout development to maintain proper PHB cell body position and define a new pathway that mediates maintenance of neuronal cell body position.
Systems Genetics of Environmental Response in the Mature Wheat Embryo
Authors: Munkvold Jesse D , Laudencia-Chingcuanco Debbie , Sorrells Mark E 
Published: March 2013

AbstractQuantitative phenotypic traits are influenced by genetic and environmental variables as well as the interaction between the two. Underlying genetic × environment interaction is the influence that the surrounding environment exerts on gene expression. Perturbation of gene expression by environmental factors manifests itself in alterations to gene co-expression networks and ultimately in phenotypic plasticity. Comparative gene co-expression networks have been used to uncover biological mechanisms that differentiate tissues or other biological factors. In this study, we have extended consensus and differential Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis to compare the influence of different growing environments on gene co-expression in the mature wheat (Triticum aestivum) embryo. This network approach was combined with mapping of individual gene expression QTL to examine the genetic control of environmentally static and variable gene expression. The approach is useful for gene expression experiments containing multiple environments and allowed for the identification of specific gene co-expression modules responsive to environmental factors. This procedure identified conserved coregulation of gene expression between environments related to basic developmental and cellular functions, including protein localization and catabolism, vesicle composition/trafficking, Golgi transport, and polysaccharide metabolism among others. Environmentally unique modules were found to contain genes with predicted functions in responding to abiotic and biotic environmental variables. These findings represent the first report using consensus and differential Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis to characterize the influence of environment on coordinated transcriptional regulation.
Cardiac Tolerability of Pertuzumab Plus Trastuzumab Plus Docetaxel in Patients With HER2-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer in CLEOPATRA: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase III Study
Authors: Swain Sandra M. , Ewer Michael S. , Cortés Javier , Amadori Dino , Miles David , Knott Adam , Clark Emma , Benyunes Mark C. , Ross Graham , Baselga José 
Published: March 2013

Abstract

Introduction.
We report cardiac tolerability of pertuzumab plus trastuzumab plus docetaxel versus placebo plus trastuzumab plus docetaxel observed in the phase III study CLEOPATRA in patients with HER2-positive first-line metastatic breast cancer (MBC).

Patients and Methods.
Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≥50% and ECOG performance status of 0 or 1 were required for study entry. During the study, LVEF assessments took place every 9 weeks. Pertuzumab/placebo was given at 840 mg, then 420 mg q3w; trastuzumab was administered at 8 mg/kg, then 6 mg/kg q3w, and docetaxel was initiated at 75 mg/m2 q3w.

Results.
The incidence of cardiac adverse events (all grades) was 16.4% in the placebo arm and 14.5% in the pertuzumab arm, with left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD, all grades) being the most frequently reported event (8.3% versus 4.4% in the placebo and pertuzumab arm). Declines in LVEF by ≥10% points from baseline and to &lt;50% were reported in 6.6% and 3.8% of patients in the placebo and pertuzumab arm, respectively. Seventy-two percent (placebo arm) and 86.7% (pertuzumab arm) of those patients recovered to a value ≥50%. The incidence of symptomatic LVSD was low, occurring in 1.8% (n = 7) versus 1.0% (n = 4) of patients in the placebo and pertuzumab arm. In 8/11 patients, the symptomatic LVSD had resolved at data cutoff.

Conclusion.
The combination of pertuzumab plus trastuzumab plus docetaxel did not increase the incidence of cardiac adverse events, including LVSD, compared with the control arm in HER2-positive MBC. The majority of cardiac adverse events were reversible.
A Critical Comparison of Reduced and Conventional EOS Algorithms
Authors: Haugen Kjetil B. , Beckner Bret L. 
Published: March 2013

Summary
Phase-equilibrium calculations can be a time-consuming part of process simulators and compositional reservoir simulations. Various authors have presented encouraging speed improvements based on reduced methods that can lower the computational cost by reducing the number of independent variables and thus generating a smaller system of equations to solve. This paper presents a careful comparison of conventional and reduced algorithms, showing that they can be expressed as linear transformations of each other. Consequently, the two sets of algorithms exhibit identical convergence behavior, and the performance gain of the reduced methods is entirely caused by reducing the cost of linear-algebra operations. Performance benchmarks show much smaller speed-up numbers than seen in previously published material. Highly optimized linear-algebra operations significantly limit the opportunity for further speed improvement from reduced methods. Only a marginal speed-up potential is observed for mixtures with 15 components or less. This suggests that reduced methods may be less attractive for reservoir simulation than previously thought.
Perforation Cleanup by Means of Dynamic Underbalance: New Understanding
Authors: Grove B.. , Harvey J.. , Zhan L.. 
Published: March 2013

Summary
Dynamic-underbalance (DUB) perforating is a completion technique that uses a perforating system engineered to create a rapid underbalance immediately upon formation perforation (within tens of milliseconds or faster). This technique—properly applied—improves well deliverability by effectively cleaning the newly created perforation tunnels, regardless of initial static pressure conditions (overbalanced, underbalanced, or balanced).
The authors are engaged in a multiyear program of perforate-and-flow laboratory experiments [along the lines of American Petroleum Institute Recommended Practice (API RP) 19B Section 4], carefully controlling and measuring wellbore transients and measuring post-shot productivities. Experiments thus far have been limited to static balanced conditions to ensure that any cleanup observed would be attributable solely to wellbore dynamics rather than to preshot static pressure conditions.
Our results provide new insight into perforation-damage and -cleanup mechanisms. We observed that a dominant source of perforation damage can be the reduction in effective flowing perforation length, and a primary mechanism of DUB cleanup is to increase this effective length.
Although increasing the permeability of the crushed zone that may surround the tunnel (a conventional simplified treatment of perforation damage and cleanup) does indeed improve the productivity of real wells, the additional processes of enlarging tunnel diameter and reducing crushed-zone thickness further improve productivity. Increasing the effective tunnel length provides yet another means of productivity gain and, under many circumstances, is the dominant beneficial effect. We present productivity predictions of various downhole scenarios to demonstrate and quantify these effects.
These findings indicate that the performance differential (between DUB and non-DUB techniques) at downhole conditions can be more significant than previously recognized.
Future work will explore varying initial static pressure conditions (underbalance, overbalance) in conjunction with shot-time wellbore pressure transients. Work is also ongoing to probe the limits of the findings reported herein, particularly the influences of formation properties (permeability, strength, and lithology) and drilling damage.
Meeting the Ultrahigh-Temperature/Ultrahigh-Pressure Fluid Challenge
Authors: Stamatakis Emanuel , Young Steve , Stefano Guido De 
Published: March 2013

Summary
Ultrahigh-temperature/ultrahigh-pressure (uHT/uHP) conditions have a different definition, depending on the region, the operator, and the service company. In this paper, the definition used for uHT/uHP fluid performance is that the fluid be able to perform above 500°F and 30,000 psi. This paper describes the development of innovative drilling fluids that are specific to these well conditions.
When bottomhole temperatures exceed 400°F, the design and engineering of drilling fluids can be challenging. Drilling fluids that destabilize can cause a variety of fluid-control problems that could lead to drilling and completion issues. With invert-emulsion fluids, the major challenges encountered with these conditions are related to the thermal degradation of the emulsifier and wetting package that can lead to gelation and syneresis. Another challenge is fluid loss that is related to the emulsion stability and to the degradation of the fluid-loss-control additives. Finally, efficient control of the rheological properties—critical to the success of any well—also can be challenging when effects from emulsion instability, filtration-control degradation, and rheology-control-additive degradation are coupled with increases in drilled solids, rapidly leading to rheological instability. This can manifest itself as high-fluctuating rheologies and gelation or the loss of rheological properties that can give rise to sag of weight material, both potentially leading to associated well-control problems.
The paper describes the development of the new fluid system designed for such uHT/uHP environments (highlighting the chemical differences) and compares the test data of the system with more-conventional high-temperature/high-pressure (HT/HP) invert-emulsion fluids. Data are presented that show the stability and performance of the new fluid with extended exposure to temperature &gt;500°F, demonstrating a tolerance to various contaminations and showing the rheological behavior and stability to 600°F and 40,000 psi.
Explicit Calculation of Expansion Factors for Collision Avoidance Between Two Coplanar Survey-Error Ellipses
Authors: Sawaryn S.J.. J. , Jamieson A.L.. L. , McGregor A.E.. E. 
Published: March 2013

Summary
The positional uncertainty about a point on a wellbore is commonly represented as an ellipsoid. The ellipsoid also accounts for the dimensions of the casing or open hole. With the use of this model, at any time the resulting uncertainty about a wellbore along its trajectory is a curved, continuous cone. To a good approximation, the intersection of the plane normal to a reference well with these cones can be represented as ellipses. This simple geometrical model has been adopted by standards organizations to define minimal acceptable separation distances between wellbores (e.g., the Norwegian NORSOK D-10 Standard and Oil and Gas UK Well Integrity Guidelines).
Because of mathematical difficulties, the existing methods for calculating the resulting separation factors are only approximations and may be either too optimistic or too conservative, particularly for ellipses with high eccentricities. This paper presents explicit equations for determining the exact condition in which the ellipses touch, expressing the result as an expansion scale factor. Methods are presented for the expansion of either ellipse or both, together with implementation notes and other associated tools. The new algorithms are only marginally less efficient than the existing approximation methods, and they can be used to increase the allowable proximity of two adjacent wells while satisfying the geometrical and probabilistic constraints. The examples included in the paper illustrate this.
The proposed calculation method is consistent with existing industry wellbore uncertainty models. Because the determination of the osculating condition is exact, the calculation is neither too optimistic nor too conservative. This paper is a response to discussions held at the SPE Wellbore Positioning Technical Section meeting on 3 November 2011.
Aortic Distensibility in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Turkbey Evrim B. , Redheuil Alban , Backlund Jye-Yu C. , Small Alexander C. , Cleary Patricia A. , Lachin John M. , Lima Joao A.C. , Bluemke David A. ,   The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Research Group
Published: March 2013

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the relationship between long-term glycemia, traditional cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, and ascending aortic stiffness in type 1 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Eight hundred seventy-nine subjects in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT)/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) study were evaluated. The stiffness/distensibility of the ascending thoracic aorta (AA) was measured with magnetic resonance imaging. Associations of AA distensibility and CVD risk factors, mean HbA1c, and cardiovascular complications including macroalbuminuria were assessed using multivariate linear regression models.

RESULTS
The mean age of the subjects was 50 ± 7 years (47% women, mean diabetes duration of 28 years). Over 22 years of follow-up, 27% of participants had cardiovascular complications. After adjusting for gender and cohort, AA distensibility was lower with increasing age, mean systolic blood pressure, LDL, and HbA1c measured over an average of 22 years (−26.3% per 10 years, −11.0% per 10 mmHg SBP, −1.8% per 10 mg/dL of LDL, and −9.3% per unit mean HbA1c [%], respectively). Patients with macroalbuminuria had 25% lower AA distensibility compared with those without (P &lt; 0.0001). Lower AA distensibility also was associated with greater ratio of left ventricular mass to volume (−3.4% per 0.1 g/mL; P &lt; 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS
Our findings indicate strong adverse effects of hypertension, chronic hyperglycemia and macroalbuminuria on AA stiffness in type 1 diabetes in the DCCT/EDIC cohort.
Personal and Relationship Challenges of Adults With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Trief Paula M. , Sandberg Jonathan G. , Dimmock Jacqueline A. , Forken Patricia J. , Weinstock Ruth S. 
Published: March 2013

OBJECTIVE
Little is known about the psychosocial challenges of adults living with type 1 diabetes or its impact on partner relationships. This qualitative study was undertaken to gain better understanding of these issues.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Four focus groups were held, two with adult type 1 diabetic patients (n = 16) and two with partners (n = 14). Two broad questions were posed: “What are the emotional and interpersonal challenges you have experienced because you have (your partner has) type 1 diabetes?” and “How does the fact that you have (your partner has) type 1 diabetes affect your relationship with your partner, positively and/or negatively?” Sessions were recorded and transcribed, and analyzed by a team of four researchers, using constant comparative methods to identify core domains and concepts.

RESULTS
Four main domains were identified: 1) impact of diabetes on the relationship, including level of partner involvement, emotional impact of diabetes on the relationship, and concerns about child-rearing; 2) understanding the impact of hypoglycemia; 3) stress of potential complications; and 4) benefits of technology. Themes suggest that, although partner involvement varies (very little to significant), there exists significant anxiety about hypoglycemia and future complications and sources of conflict that may increase relationship stress. Partner support is highly valued, and technology has a positive influence.

CONCLUSIONS
Adults with type 1 diabetes face unique emotional and interpersonal challenges. Future research should focus on gaining a better understanding of how they cope and the effect of psychosocial stressors and coping on adherence, quality of life, and glycemic control.
Changes in Insulin Resistance and HbA1c Are Related to Exercise-Mediated Changes in Body Composition in Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Mavros Yorgi , Kay Shelley , Anderberg Kylie A. , Baker Michael K. , Wang Yi , Zhao Renru , Meiklejohn Jacinda , Climstein Mike , O’Sullivan Anthony , de Vos Nathan , Baune Bernhard T. , Blair Steven N. , Simar David , Rooney Kieron , Singh Nalin , Fiatarone Singh Maria A. 
Published: March 2013

OBJECTIVE
To investigate changes in body composition after 12 months of high-intensity progressive resistance training (PRT) in relation to changes in insulin resistance (IR) or glucose homeostasis in older adults with type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
One-hundred three participants were randomized to receive either PRT or sham exercise 3 days per week for 12 months. Homeostasis model assessment 2 of insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were used as indices of IR and glucose homeostasis. Skeletal muscle mass (SkMM) and total fat mass were assessed using bioelectrical impedance. Visceral adipose tissue, mid-thigh cross-sectional area, and mid-thigh muscle attenuation were quantified using computed tomography.

RESULTS
Within the PRT group, changes in HOMA2-IR were associated with changes in SkMM (r = −0.38; P = 0.04) and fat mass (r = 0.42; P = 0.02). Changes in visceral adipose tissue tended to be related to changes in HOMA2-IR (r = 0.35; P = 0.07). Changes in HbA1c were related to changes in mid-thigh muscle attenuation (r = 0.52; P = 0.001). None of these relationships were present in the sham group (P &gt; 0.05). Using ANCOVA models, participants in the PRT group who had increased SkMM had decreased HOMA2-IR (P = 0.05) and HbA1c (P = 0.09) compared with those in the PRT group who lost SkMM. Increases in SkMM in the PRT group decreased HOMA2-IR (P = 0.07) and HbA1c (P &lt; 0.05) compared with those who had increased SkMM in the sham group.

CONCLUSIONS
Improvements in metabolic health in older adults with type 2 diabetes were mediated through improvements in body composition only if they were achieved through high-intensity PRT.
Impératifs linguistiques, inerties socioculturelles
Authors: Youssi Abderrahim 
Published: March 2013

Les sociétés arabophones se sont enfermées dans la logique d’une immuable diglossie , depuis que la conquête arabe avait introduit en Ifriqia , dans son sillage, la « soupe » (dans le sens de la fusion cosmique originelle) des dialectes d’Arabie parlés par les soldats, en même temps la langue du Livre sacré. Cet arabe littéral strictement codifié et uniquement écrit se stabilisera partout pour servir d’unique levier de pouvoir des clercs et du leadership des élites. Aujourd’hui, ces sociétés se présentent, toutes, extrêmement démunies face aux défis du monde moderne. La logique de la diglossie a toujours imposé une division du travail, entre élites lettrées, donc dirigeantes, et masses analphabètes vouées aux tâches manuelles. Cette répartition a pour fondement, par conséquent, la répartition des fonctions linguistiques, institutionnalisant la dualité entre l’arabe classique, idéalisé et connoté de toutes les vertus, d’une part, et les parlers maternels, fortement stigmatisés, d’autre part. Cette communication s’attache à démontrer que, contrairement à l’attitude dogmatique opposant l’arabe parlé à la fuçha , il est impératif de jeter des ponts entre les deux variétés de manière structurée. L’ouverture de l’esprit de l’apprenant sur le monde environnant, le partage des savoirs, la stimulation des facultés créatrices des membres de la société ne pouvant s’effectuer qu’au moyen de la langue maternelle, on démontre que cette mise en place de passerelles entre la langue classique et la langue maternelle est possible dans l’enseignement et la transmission des savoirs en général, et que ces passerelles seront aisées matériellement, et salutaires pour l’avenir de nos sociétés, voire qu’un apprentissage efficace de la fuçha passe par la valorisation de la langue maternelle.
Les parlers arabes des juifs du Maroc
Authors: Levy Simon 
Published: March 2013

La population juive du Maroc a 2000 ans. Venus d’ailleurs ou issus de conversions, les juifs du Maroc ont parlé les langues successives du pays. Ils ont assuré des fonctions spécifiques complétant les tâches agricoles effectuées par les tribus amazighes. Les juifs ont toujours parlé les langues de leur environnement l’hébreu restant la langue des textes sacrés, encore que arabe et amazigh aient aussi fourni des textes religieux. Au XX e siècle et avant que le français ne s’impose peu à peu à travers les écoles de l’A.I.U. – qui n’enseignaient pas l’arabe – trois langues étaient pratiquées à l’intérieur de la famille : le berbère dans le haut Atlas, le judéo-espagnol au Nord de Alcazar Quivir, et partout, l’arabe marocain dans des variétés juives locales. Nous en avons étudié et publié une dizaine, celles qui survivaient localement dans les années 1970 à Fès, Meknès, Rabat-Salé (/q/›/’/), Sefrou (/q/et k›/’/), Tafilalet et Draa (/q/›/k/), Marrakech, Essaouira, Safi, Jadida et Azemmour (/q/›/g/). La plus forte communauté juive, celle de Casablanca, n’a pas développé de parler spécifique. Passée de 5000 à 80000 âmes entre les années 1900 et 1950, elle reste aujourd’hui encore la plus importante du pays, avec 20 synagogues en activité et quelques milliers de membres.