bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving mobile ad hoc network routing with satellite out‐of‐band signaling
Authors: Rodriguez Carlos Giraldo , Franck Laurent , Beylot André‐Luc , Baudoin Cédric 
Published: November 2013

SUMMARYRouting in mobile ad hoc networks is a complex task due to the mobility of the nodes and the constraints linked to a wireless multihop network (e.g., limited bandwidth, collisions, and bit errors). These adverse conditions impair not only data traffic but also routing signaling traffic, which feeds route computation. In this contribution, we propose to use satellite communications to help in the distribution of mobile ad hoc network routing signaling. The optimized link‐state routing (OLSR) is chosen among several routing protocols to be extended with satellite‐based signaling, yielding a version we call OLSR hybrid signaling (OLSR‐H). This new scheme is evaluated through simulations and yields improvements of approximately 10% in the data delivery ratio compared with a regular OLSR. This evaluation is conducted using two different network topology models, one being fit for representing forest firefighting operations. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimized handover and resource management: an 802.21‐based scheme to optimize handover and resource management in hybrid satellite‐terrestrial networks
Authors: Dhaou Riadh , Ben‐El‐Kezadri Ryad , Fasson Julien , Arnal Fabrice , Dubois Emmanuel , Gelard Patrick 
Published: November 2013

SUMMARYSatellite communications can provide fourth generation (4G) networks with large‐scale coverage. However, their integration to 4G is challenging because satellite networks have not been designed with handover in mind. The setup of satellite links takes time, and so, handovers must be anticipated long before. This paper proposes a generic scheme based on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 802.21 standard to optimize handover and resource management in hybrid satellite‐terrestrial networks. Our solution, namely optimized handover and resource management (OHRM), uses the terrestrial interface to prepare handover, which greatly speeds up the establishment of the satellite link. We propose two mechanisms to minimize the waste of bandwidth due to wrong handover predictions. First, we leverage the support of 802.21 in the terrestrial access network to shorten the path of the signaling messages towards the satellite resource manager. Second, we cancel the restoration of the satellite resources when the terrestrial link rolls back. We use OHRM to interconnect a digital video broadcasting and a wireless 4G terrestrial network. However for the simulation tool, we use a WiMAX as the terrestrial technology to illustrate the schemes. The simulation results show that OHRM minimizes the handover delay and the signaling overhead in the terrestrial and satellite networks. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Memshepherd: comprehensive memory bug fault‐tolerance system
Authors: Zou Deqing , Zheng Weide , Jiang Wenbin , Jin Hai , Chen Gang 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAmong all software vulnerabilities, memory bugs are most common and dangerous. Programs written in unsafe languages such as C and C++ are vulnerable to stack‐based buffer overflow, heap buffer overflow, dangling pointer, and double free. Although there are a number of proposed solutions to tolerate heap related bugs, most of the existing solutions terminates the vulnerable program after a stack‐based buffer overflow attempt. There is no comprehensive solution to actively tolerate all of the four kinds of bugs mentioned previously currently. This paper presents Memshepherd, a system that can probabilistically prevent software from both stack and heap memory bugs and guarantee soundness of the software execution. It dynamically reallocates stack‐based buffers in the heap space during software execution, thus transforms a stack memory problem into a heap memory problem. By adaptively sizing buffers to be M times of their defined size and randomly placing them, Memshepherd keeps the buffers far from each other. When a buffer is to be deallocated, Memshepherd checks invalid and double frees. A Linux prototype is implemented and tested against four kinds of memory bugs. The experiment results prove that Memshepherd is effective in eliminating crashes, erroneous execution, as well as security vulnerability. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exposure to Discrimination and Heart Rate Variability Reactivity to Acute Stress among Women with Diabetes
Authors: Wagner Julie , Lampert Rachel , Tennen Howard , Feinn Richard 
Published: November 2013

AbstractExposure to racial discrimination has been linked to physiological reactivity. This study investigated self‐reported exposure to racial discrimination and parasympathetic [high‐frequency heart rate variability (HF‐HRV)] and sympathetic (norepinephrine and cortisol) activity at baseline and then again after acute laboratory stress. Lifetime exposure to racial discrimination was measured with the Schedule of Racist Events scale. Thirty‐two women (16 Black and 16 White) with type 2 diabetes performed a public speaking stressor. Beat‐to‐beat intervals were recorded on electrocardiograph recorders, and HF‐HRV was calculated using spectral analysis and natural log transformed. Norepinephrine and cortisol were measured in blood. Higher discrimination predicted lower stressor HF‐HRV, even after controlling for baseline HF‐HRV. When race, age, A1c and baseline systolic blood pressure were also controlled, racial discrimination remained a significant independent predictor of stressor HF‐HRV. There was no association between lifetime discrimination and sympathetic markers. In conclusion, preliminary data suggest that among women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), exposure to racial discrimination is adversely associated with parasympathetic, but not sympathetic, reactivity. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Long‐Term Maternal Stress and Post‐traumatic Stress Symptoms Related to Developmental Outcome of Extremely Premature Infants
Authors: Zerach Gadi , Elsayag Adi , Shefer Shahar , Gabis Lidia 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn this study, we examined the relations between the severity of developmental outcomes of extremely low birth weight (ELBW) children and their mothers' stress and post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, 4–16 years after birth. Israeli mothers (N = 78) of a cohort of extremely premature infants (24–27 weeks) born 4–16 years earlier were asked to report about the medical and developmental condition of their child and their current perceived stress and PTSD symptoms. Results show that mothers of ELBW children with normal development reported the lowest perceived stress compared with mothers of ELBW children with developmental difficulties. We also found that 25.6% of the mothers had the potential to suffer from PTSD following the birth of an ELBW child. Furthermore, the severity of prematurity developmental outcomes made a significant contribution to mothers' perceived stress. To sum, mothers of ELBW infants' perceived stress is related to their children's severity of prematurity developmental outcomes, 4–16 years after birth. Clinical implications of these findings are discussed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Demand‐Induced Strain Compensation Questionnaire: A Cross‐national Validation Study
Authors: Bova Nicoletta , De Jonge Jan , Guglielmi Dina 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe demand‐induced strain compensation model is a theoretical job stress model that has been tested in different kinds of empirical study in several countries. To measure key concepts in the model (job demands and job resources), the demand‐induced strain compensation questionnaire (DISQ) was developed and has been used in many empirical studies. However, most studies neither focused on the psychometric properties of the DISQ nor tested it cross‐nationally. In this study, we examined the psychometric properties of the DISQ tested on Italian (n = 422) and Dutch (n = 1629) employees. Results indicated that the six‐factor model, consisting of cognitive, emotional and physical job demands as well as cognitive, emotional and physical job resources, provided a better fit to the data than an alternative two‐factor model (demands and resources only). Findings were invariant across Italian and Dutch samples. Internal consistencies were satisfactory. Additionally, the six dimensions of DISQ were found to be meaningfully related to employee active learning behaviour, emotional exhaustion and musculoskeletal disorders. Results suggest the DISQ questionnaire is a valid and reliable instrument to measure the proposed dimensions of job demands and job resources in both Italian and Dutch work contexts. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In praise of a green stimulus
Authors: Zenghelis Dimitri 
Published: November 2013

Macroeconomic conditions make this a relatively favorable time to kick‐start investments necessary to transition to a resource‐efficient economy. There is no lack of private money, just a perceived lack of opportunity. Resource costs are low and the potential to crowd out alternative investment and employment is greatly reduced. It is often argued that the short‐term macroeconomic merit of an investment, in terms of what constitutes a good economic stimulus, can be judged against established criteria. These include tests on whether an investment is timely, temporary, and targeted. Although these are important, the evidence presented here suggests that a more important criterion for a sustainable economic impact is the ability to generate private sector confidence in profitable and enduring new markets. The world is likely to transition to a resource‐efficient, low‐carbon economy over this century and managing this transition has early pay‐offs. Clear and credible green policies have the potential restore confidence and generate growth. Providing credible early incentives to invest in resource‐efficiency could generate investment and growth in the long and the short run. WIREs Clim Change 2014, 5:7–14. doi: 10.1002/wcc.256This article is categorized under:

Climate Economics > Economics of Mitigation
Criticizing green stimulus
Authors: Brahmbhatt Milan 
Published: November 2013

The outbreak of the global economic crisis in 2008 led to a revival of interest in fiscal policy as an instrument for counter‐cyclical stimulus. A feature of this revival was a focus on undertaking ‘Green Stimulus’ as a way to stimulate short‐run economic activity while also advancing long‐term environmental goals, such as tackling climate change. The thesis of this paper is that, while some elements of Green Stimulus may have met the stated dual objectives, many are likely to have been relatively ineffective as fiscal stimulus, or as green instruments, or as both. We note some general reasons to qualify the case for Green Stimulus before taking a look at the limited empirical evidence on the effectiveness of Green Stimulus, as well as at some flaws of specific Green Stimulus policy instruments adopted in many countries, for example Renewable Energy and ‘Green Infrastructure’. Finally why, if green stimulus is likely to be relatively ineffective, has it garnered so much support? The answer perhaps lies in the realm of politics rather than economics, in particular the famous ‘Rahm Emmanuel Doctrine’ that ‘you never want a serious crisis to go to waste’. WIREs Clim Change 2014, 5:15–21. doi: 10.1002/wcc.257This article is categorized under:

Climate Economics > Economics of Mitigation
Synthesis and Characterization of the New Copper Indium Phosphate Cu8In8P4O30
Authors: Hanzelmann Christian , Weimann Iren , Feller Jörg , Žak Zdirad 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe system CuO/In2O3/P2O5 has been investigated using solid state reaction between CuO, In2O3 and (NH4)2HPO4 in silica glass crucibles at 900 °C. The powder samples were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, thermal analysis and FT‐IR spectroscopy. Orange single crystals of the new quaternary phase were achieved by the process of crystallization with mineralizers in sealed silica glass ampoules. They were then analyzed with EDX and single‐crystal X‐ray analysis in which the composition Cu8In8P4O30 with the triclinic space group P$\bar{1}$ (No 2) with a = 7,2429(14) Å, b = 8,8002(18) Å, c = 10,069(2) Å, α = 103,62(3)°, β = 106,31(3)°, γ = 101,55(3)° and Z = 1 was found. The three‐dimensional framework consists of [InO6] octahedra and distorted [CuO6] octahedra, overcaped [InO7] prisms and [PO4] tetrahedra, also trigonal [(CuIn)O5] bipyramids and distorted [(CuIn)O6] octahedra, where copper and indium are partly exchanged against each other. Cu8In8P4O30 exhibits an incongruent melting point at 1023 °C.
MbtH homology codes to identify gifted microbes for genome mining
Authors: Baltz Richard H 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Advances in DNA sequencing technologies have made it possible to sequence large numbers of microbial genomes rapidly and inexpensively. In recent years, genome sequencing initiatives have demonstrated that actinomycetes with large genomes generally have the genetic potential to produce many secondary metabolites, most of which remain cryptic. Since the numbers of new and novel pathways vary considerably among actinomycetes, and the correct assembly of secondary metabolite pathways containing type I polyketide synthase or nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) genes is costly and time consuming, it would be advantageous to have simple genetic predictors for the number and potential novelty of secondary metabolite pathways in targeted microorganisms. For secondary metabolite pathways that utilize NRPS mechanisms, the small chaperone-like proteins related to MbtH encoded by Mycobacterium tuberculosis offer unique probes or beacons to identify gifted microbes encoding large numbers of diverse NRPS pathways because of their unique function(s) and small size. The small size of the mbtH-homolog genes makes surveying large numbers of genomes straight-forward with less than ten-fold sequencing coverage. Multiple MbtH orthologs and paralogs have been coupled to generate a 24-mer multiprobe to assign numerical codes to individual MbtH homologs by BLASTp analysis. This multiprobe can be used to identify gifted microbes encoding new and novel secondary metabolites for further focused exploration by extensive DNA sequencing, pathway assembly and annotation, and expression studies in homologous or heterologous hosts.
Characterization of a marine-derived dextranase and its application to the prevention of dental caries
Authors: Jiao Yu-Liang , Wang Shu-Jun , Lv Ming-Sheng , Jiao Bing-Hua , Li Wei-Juan , Fang Yao-Wei , Liu Shu 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The dextranase added in current commercial dextranase-containing mouthwashes is largely from fungi. However, fungal dextranase has shown much higher optimum temperature than bacterial dextranase and relatively low activity when used in human oral cavities. Bacterial dextranase has been considered to be more effective and suitable for dental caries prevention. In this study, a dextranase (Dex410) from marine Arthrobacter sp. was purified and characterized. Dex410 is a 64-kDa endoglycosidase. The specific activity of Dex410 was 11.9 U/mg at optimum pH 5.5 and 45 °C. The main end-product of Dex410 was isomaltotriose, isomaltoteraose, and isomaltopentaose by hydrolyzing dextran T2000. In vitro studies showed that Dex410 effectively inhibited the Streptococcus mutans biofilm growth in coverage, biomass, and water-soluble glucan (WSG) by more than 80, 90, and 95 %, respectively. The animal experiment revealed that for short-term use (1.5 months), both Dex410 and the commercial mouthwash Biotene (Laclede Professional Products, Gardena, CA, USA) had a significant inhibitory effect on caries (p = 0.0008 and 0.0001, respectively), while for long-term use (3 months), only Dex410 showed significant inhibitory effect on dental caries (p = 0.005). The dextranase Dex410 from a marine-derived Arthrobacter sp. strain possessed the enzyme properties suitable to human oral environment and applicable to oral hygiene products.
Arthroscopic Dorsal Wrist Ganglion Excision with Color-Aided Visualization of the Stalk: Minimum 1-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Ahsan Zahab S. , Yao Jeffrey 
Published: November 2013

Background Dorsal wrist ganglia (DWG) are a common, benign soft-tissue mass of the wrist. Excision of DWG is a common procedure performed by hand surgeons and may be performed using either open or arthroscopic techniques. This study aims to evaluate the frequency of stalk visualization with intralesional injection of inert dye in the course of arthroscopic excision along with incidence of recurrence with a minimum of 1-year follow-up. Methods Upon IRB approval, a retrospective chart review was performed identifying 27 patients who had consecutively undergone arthroscopic excision of a DWG with the coloraided technique at our institution with a minimum follow-up duration of 12 months. Intraoperative findings were reviewed. Patients were contacted to investigate for incidence of recurrence. Results Of the 27-patient cohort, the ganglion stalk was identified in 100 % of the color-aided arthroscopic DWG excisions. Ganglion recurrence was identified in one patient, an incidence of 3.7 %. Conclusions The color-aided technique for arthroscopic DWG visualization was found to be a safe and valuable tool for surgeons performing arthroscopic DWG resection. The intraarticular ganglion stalk was identified in 100 % of cases and patients responded well with a low incidence of recurrence.
Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of AZ31B Magnesium Alloy Processed by I-ECAP
Authors: Gzyl Michal , Rosochowski Andrzej , Pesci Raphael , Olejnik Lech , Yakushina Evgenia , Wood Paul 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Incremental equal channel angular pressing (I-ECAP) is a severe plastic deformation process used to refine grain size of metals, which allows processing very long billets. As described in the current article, an AZ31B magnesium alloy was processed for the first time by three different routes of I-ECAP, namely, A, BC, and C, at 523 K (250 °C). The structure of the material was homogenized and refined to ~5 microns of the average grain size, irrespective of the route used. Mechanical properties of the I-ECAPed samples in tension and compression were investigated. Strong influence of the processing route on yield and fracture behavior of the material was established. It was found that texture controls the mechanical properties of AZ31B magnesium alloy subjected to I-ECAP. SEM and OM techniques were used to obtain microstructural images of the I-ECAPed samples subjected to tension and compression. Increased ductility after I-ECAP was attributed to twinning suppression and facilitation of slip on basal plane. Shear bands were revealed in the samples processed by I-ECAP and subjected to tension. Tension–compression yield stress asymmetry in the samples tested along extrusion direction was suppressed in the material processed by routes BC and C. This effect was attributed to textural development and microstructural homogenization. Twinning activities in fine- and coarse-grained samples have also been studied.
Synthesis, Purification, and Acyl Migration Kinetics of 2‐Monoricinoleoylglycerol
Authors: Compton David L. , Laszlo Joseph A. , Appell Michael , Vermillion Karl E. , Evans Kervin O. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract2‐Monoricinoleoylglycerol (2‐MRG) was synthesized by the Novozym 435 catalyzed alcoholysis of castor oil in excess ethanol (1:70 mol:mol) at ambient temperature. Due to the fatty acid C12‐OH group, conventional liquid–liquid extraction methods developed for less polar, non‐hydroxylated 2‐monoacylglycerols (2‐MAG) proved inadequate for 2‐MRG purification. Alternatively, 2‐MRG was purified by normal‐phase flash chromatography (FC) on silica gel using a binary acetone‐hexane gradient mobile phase. Gram quantities of 2‐MRG were isolated in 63 % yield and contained no residual diacylglycerol (DAG), which fail to separate using liquid–liquid extraction methods. The 2‐MRG was obtained at ~90 mol% relative to 1‐MRG, proving that the FC method did not appreciably catalyze acyl migration. 1H‐NMR spectroscopy was used to monitor the spontaneous acyl migration of isolated 2‐MRG from 20 to 80 °C. The relative energy of activation calculated from the Arrhenius relationship of the 2‐MRG acyl migration rate constants was 82.9 kJ/mol. This was ~two‐fold higher than the theoretical ΔG298.15 calculated from molecular modeling using density functional calculations (B3LYP/6−31 + G*) of 2‐MRG, the ketal ring transition state, and 1‐monoricinoleoylglycerol (1‐MRG). The synthesis and isolation methods reported herein provide a convenient means to access useful intermediates for functionalized structured lipids.
Cachexia vs obesity: where is the real unmet clinical need?
Authors: von Haehling Stephan , Anker Stefan D. 
Published: November 2013

A striking discrepancy exists in the number of publications on obesity as compared to cachexia or wasting disorders. In PubMed, the number of entries that contain “cachexia” as a title word is only 1,825, whereas the number of entries for “obesity” in the title is 47,828, giving a ratio of 1:26 in favor of “obesity” publications. The difference in publication activities in these two fields has further broadened over the last years. Looking at guidance from national or international guidelines, PubMed analysis is even more depressing with 147 entries for obesity, but only four for cachexia. None of the latter provides guidance for the everyday care of cachectic patients. This publication activity is in stark contrast to the mortality impact of cachexia vs obesity at the time of diagnosis, which is at least 20 times higher for cachexia over the first 5 years. We assume, the mismatch is even bigger when it comes to public research support for these two medical conditions, which likely is a big part of the reason for this publication imbalance. Another reason may be that there is a perception bias in the research community, the public and hence also among healthcare providers and politicians as to what is important in medicine. We think, cachexia is at least as big an unmet need as is obesity. For shorter‐term outcomes, cachexia is certainly a much bigger medical need than obesity. We hope that the current research efforts will change the situation for the better of our patients.
Threshold shear stress for the transition between tumbling and tank-treading of red blood cells in shear flow: dependence on the viscosity of the suspending medium
Authors: Fischer Thomas M. , Korzeniewski Rafal 
Published: November 2013

AbstractRed blood cells are the subject of diverse studies. One branch is the observation and theoretical modelling of their behaviour in a shear flow. This work deals with the flow of single red cells suspended in solutions much more viscous than blood plasma. Below a critical shear rate (${\dot {\gamma } }_{t} $) the red cells rotate with little change of their resting shape. Above that value they become elongated and aligned in the shear field. We measured${\dot {\gamma } }_{t} $at viscosities (${\eta }_{0} $) ranging from 10.7 to 104 mPa s via observation along the vorticity of a Poiseuille flow in a glass capillary;${\eta }_{0} {\dot {\gamma } }_{t} $decreased steeply with increasing${\eta }_{0} $up to a value of 25 mPa s and remained constant for higher values. Present theoretical models are not in keeping with the measured data. Modifications of basic model assumptions are suggested.