bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CONCENTRAÇÃO DAS IMPORTAÇÕES DE CARVÃO VEGETAL DOS EUA E A PARTICIPAÇÃO BRASILEIRA	Concentration in USA market of charcoal and the Brazilian participation
Authors: De Paula Heimann Jaqueline , Ramos Dresch André 
Published: April 2014

O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar o mercado de importações de carvão vegetal dos Estados Unidos, sob a ótica da concentração, e propor medidas, a serem adotadas pelo setor público e/ou privado brasileiro em prol de uma melhor atuação neste mercado. Metodologicamente, o trabalho é caracterizado como de enfoque misto com caracteres descritivo e explicativo. Adicionalmente, se utilizou os índices de Herfindahl -Hirschman, Gini e as Razões de Concentração dos quatro e oito principais exportadores no cumprimento dos objetivos. Os resultados apontam para um mercado altamente concentrado com uma estrutura oligopolizada pelo México, provavelmente sustentada pelo NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement). A participação brasileira é discreta, em função da produção nacional de carvão vegetal ser voltada ao abastecimento do mercado interno, especialmente às siderúrgicas. Diante dos resultados recomenda-se que a indústria carvoeira brasileira procure atuar no mercado doméstico ou busque exportar para outros países e que, junto à indústria siderúrgica, pressione o setor público pelo estabelecimento de acordos comerciais, a fim de aumentar as exportações do ferro brasileiro e, consequentemente, elevar a demanda por carvão vegetal.
The Ability to Predict Dynamic Foot Posture from Static Measurements
Authors: Franettovich Melinda M. , McPoil Thomas G. , Russell Trevor , Skardoon Gillian , Vicenzino Bill 
Published: April 2014

Background: A study was undertaken to investigate the ability to predict dynamic foot posture from static measurements.
Methods: Arch height and arch height ratio measurements were obtained from videotape images of the medial aspect of the foot during standing, walking, and jogging in 5 male and 13 female asymptomatic subjects.
Results: Arch height and arch height ratio measurements taken in standing explained 66% to 83% of the variance associated with these measurements at midstance during walking and running. Arch height and arch height ratio demonstrated high reliability as static and dynamic measures.
Conclusions: The results of this study support the use of arch height and arch height ratio measurements taken statically in the clinical assessment of the foot and may assist the clinician in estimating foot posture during dynamic activity in patients with lower-limb injuries. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 97(2): 115–120, 2007)
Efficacy of Chemical Neurolysis for the Treatment of Interdigital Nerve Compression of the Foot
Authors: Mozena John D. , Clifford Jared T. 
Published: April 2014

Background: Dilute alcohol injection has been described as a nonsurgical treatment option for interdigital nerve compression of the foot, also known as “Morton’s neuroma.” This study reviews the efficacy of the procedure in 49 feet at one treatment center.
Methods: In this historical cohort study, data from 42 patients who had undergone alcohol injection therapy were obtained from clinic records. A total of 49 feet were reviewed.
Results: Symptoms were improved or resolved in 30 (61%) of 49 feet. Nineteen feet (39%) were unimproved, with 12 of those progressing to surgical neurectomy. Feet that received five or more injections were more likely to improve (74%) than those that received fewer than five injections (39%). Three patients reported mild complications associated with dilute alcohol injection, all of which resolved spontaneously within 2 days of the injection.
Conclusions: Dilute alcohol injection is a safe and effective treatment option for patients with Morton’s neuroma who want to avoid a surgical procedure and any associated complications. The procedure may be more successful if the patient receives at least five injections. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 97(3): 203–206, 2007)
Human Papilloma Virus Type 69 Identified in a Clinically Aggressive Plantar Verruca from an HIV-positive Patient
Authors: Whitaker Jeffrey M. , Palefsky Joel M. , Da Costa Maria , King Christy M. , Johnston James S. , Barbosa Peter 
Published: April 2014

Background: Verrucae are caused by infection of epidermal keratinocytes by human papilloma virus (HPV). Although there are currently more than 100 known types of HPV, certain lesions are consistently caused by infection with one or a few types. Recent studies have identified the presence of unusual HPV types in anogenital and cervical condylomata (warts) of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Although cutaneous verrucae are typically caused by HPV-1, HPV-2, and HPV-4, infection with HIV may predispose an individual to infection with an unusual HPV type.
Methods: We report the detection of a rare HPV type in a clinically aggressive plantar verruca from an HIV-positive patient. The viral DNA from this specimen was analyzed to identify the predominant HPV type. To complete this analysis, HPV DNA was extracted from the formalin-fixed specimen, followed by polymerase chain reaction with consensus HPV primers and digestion with a specific group of restriction endonucleases. The fragments were separated on an agarose gel, and the restriction fragment length polymorphism pattern was compared with known patterns for identification of the specific HPV type.
Results: Identification of HPV-69, an HPV type previously reported to be rare and associated with dysplastic lesions, was confirmed by HPV DNA dot-blot hybridization with specific DNA probes for each known HPV type.
Conclusions: Plantar verrucae in HIV-positive patients may be associated with unusual HPV types and should be analyzed and treated aggressively given the potential for a more distinct clinical manifestation. Additional lesional analysis studies are needed. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 99(1): 8–12, 2009)
Ultrasound-guided Plantar Fascia Release Technique
Authors: Vohra Praveen K. , Japour Christopher J. 
Published: April 2014

Background: Ultrasound-guided plantar fascia release offers the surgeon clear visualization of anatomy at the surgical site. This technique uses small arthroscopic dissecting instruments through a 0.5-cm incision, allowing the surgeon to avoid the larger and more tissue-disruptive incision that is traditionally used for plantar heel spur resection and plantar fascia releases.
Methods: Forty-one patients (46 feet) were selected for the study. The mean patient age was 47 years. Twenty-nine were considered obese with a body mass index greater than 30 kg/m2. Patients were functionally and subjectively evaluated 4 weeks after surgery using the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society Ankle and Hindfoot Rating Scale.
Results: Results from the study show a significant improvement (P = .05 confidence level) 4 weeks postoperatively for the 41 patients (46 feet), compared to their preoperative condition. The mean pretest score was 33.6 (range 10–52); this score improved to 88.0 (range 50–100), 4 weeks postoperatively. There were no postoperative infections or complications.
Conclusions: The ultrasound-guided plantar fascia release technique is a practical surgical procedure for the relief of chronic plantar fascia pain because the surgeon is able to clearly visualize the plantar fascia by ultrasound. In addition, there is minimal disruption to surrounding tissue because small instruments are passed through a small 0.5-cm incision. The traditional open method of heel spur surgery, in contrast, uses a larger skin incision of 3 to 5 cm, followed by larger instruments to dissect to the plantar fascia. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 99(3): 183–190, 2009)
Public Perceptions of the Podiatrist and the DPM Degree
Authors: Akers Michael D. , VanDemark-Teplica Jennifer M. , Kiss Alex , Alfieri Donna M. , Jennings Maureen B. 
Published: April 2014

Background: The purpose of this study was to ascertain public perception of the terms podiatry and DPM.
Methods: We distributed a survey to 847 people in ten states across the United States. It was hypothesized that most respondents would be less familiar with the DPM degree than the term podiatrist. It was also expected that people would choose MD over DPM for more complex procedures.
Results: The majority of respondents selected a podiatrist and a DPM as a foot specialist, almost one-half selected DPM for foot surgery, but only one-third stated they would have foot surgery done by a DPM if they had a heart problem. In addition, it was hypothesized that respondents would choose the contrived PMD over DPM simply because PMD looks more like MD; this was not shown to be true.
Conclusions: Although there are gaps in the public knowledge, our study revealed a greater familiarity with podiatry and the DPM degree than originally thought. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 99(3): 223–231, 2009)
Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome and Its Association with Hip, Ankle, and Foot Function in 16- to 18-Year-Old High School Students
Authors: Mølgaard Carsten , Rathleff Michael Skovdal , Simonsen Ole 
Published: April 2014

Background:An increased pronated foot posture is believed to contribute to patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS), but the relationship between these phenomena is still controversial. The objectives of this study were to investigate the prevalence of PFPS in high school students and to compare passive internal and external hip rotation, passive dorsiflexion, and navicular drop and drift between healthy high school students and students with PFPS.Methods:All 16- to 18-year-old students in a Danish high school were invited to join this single-blind case-control study (N = 299). All of the students received a questionnaire regarding knee pain. The main outcome measurements were prevalence of PFPS, navicular drop and drift, passive ankle dorsiflexion, passive hip rotation in the prone position, and activity level. The case group consisted of all students with PFPS. From the same population, a randomly chosen control group was formed.Results:The prevalence of knee pain was 25%. Of the 24 students with knee pain, 13 were diagnosed as having PFPS. This corresponds to a PFPS prevalence of 6%. Mean navicular drop and drift were higher in the PFPS group versus the control group (navicular drop: 4.2 mm [95% confidence interval (CI), 3.2–5.3 mm] versus 2.9 mm [95% CI, 2.5–3.3 mm]; and navicular drift: 2.6 mm [95% CI, 1.6–3.7 mm] versus 1.4 mm [95% CI, 0.9–2.0 mm]). Higher passive ankle dorsiflexion was also identified in the PFPS group (22.2° [95% CI, 18°–26°] versus 17.7° [95% CI, 15°–20°]).Conclusions:This study demonstrated greater navicular drop, navicular drift, and dorsiflexion in high school students with PFPS compared with healthy students and highlights that foot posture is important to consider as a factor where patients with PFPS diverge from healthy individuals. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 101(3): 215–222, 2011)
Barefoot Running Claims and Controversies
Authors: Jenkins David W. , Cauthon David J. 
Published: April 2014

Background:Barefoot running is slowly gaining a dedicated following. Proponents of barefoot running claim many benefits, such as improved performance and reduced injuries, whereas detractors warn of the imminent risks involved.Methods:Multiple publications were reviewed using key words.Results:A review of the literature uncovered many studies that have looked at the barefoot condition and found notable differences in gait and other parameters. These findings, along with much anecdotal information, can lead one to extrapolate that barefoot runners should have fewer injuries, better performance, or both. Several athletic shoe companies have designed running shoes that attempt to mimic the barefoot condition and, thus, garner the purported benefits of barefoot running.Conclusions:Although there is no evidence that either confirms or refutes improved performance and reduced injuries in barefoot runners, many of the claimed disadvantages to barefoot running are not supported by the literature. Nonetheless, it seems that barefoot running may be an acceptable training method for athletes and coaches who understand and can minimize the risks. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 101(3): 231–246, 2011)
Variations in Foot Posture and Mobility Between Individuals with Patellofemoral Pain and Those in a Control Group
Authors: McPoil Thomas G. , Warren Meghan , Vicenzino Bill , Cornwall Mark W. 
Published: April 2014

Background:We sought to determine whether foot posture and foot mobility were increased in individuals with patellofemoral pain syndrome compared with individuals in a control group.Methods:A nested case-control design was used with two controls matched to each patient by sex and age (±1 year). Participants included 43 individuals with a history of unilateral or bilateral patellofemoral pain syndrome and 86 participants in a control group. Data collected included height, weight, and five different measures of foot height and width in weightbearing and nonweightbearing that have been previously shown to have high levels of reliability.Results:Individuals with patellofemoral pain syndrome were found to be four times more likely (odds ratio, 4.04; 95% confidence interval, 1.45–11.32) to have a larger-than-normal difference between nonweightbearing and weightbearing arch height compared with those in the control group. The mean values for difference in arch height and foot mobility magnitude were also statistically significant between the patient and control groups. Foot posture, as determined using the arch height ratio, was not significant between groups (odds ratio, 0.94; 95% confidence interval, 0.34–2.61).Conclusions:Although foot posture may not be different between individuals with patellofemoral pain syndrome and controls, foot mobility assessed using difference in arch height and foot mobility magnitude is different between the two groups. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 101(4): 289–296, 2011)
Management of Grade III Open Dislocated Ankle Fractures
Authors: Ye Tianwen , Chen Aimin , Yuan Wen , Gou Sanhuai 
Published: April 2014

Background:Isolated dislocation of the ankle with grade III open fracture has been scarcely reported. These ankle injuries usually involved mortise fractures, complete dislocation of the tibial astragaloid joint, capsuloligamentous structure disruption, and severe soft-tissue damage. There is no well-recognized regimen that would result in desirable outcomes.Methods:Sixteen patients with grade III open dislocated ankle fractures were treated immediately with bioabsorbable implants and an external fixator between January 2003 and June 2007. According to the classification system of Gustilo and Anderson, five patients were grade IIIA, seven were grade IIIB, and four were grade IIIC. Surgical interventions included combined internal fixation with bioabsorbable screws/rods and external fixation.Results:Patients underwent clinical and radiologic examination at an average of 18.1 months after surgery. Outcomes were excellent in seven patients (three IIIA, three IIIB, and one IIIC), good in four (one IIIA, two IIIB, and one IIIC), fair in three (one IIIA, one IIIB, and one IIIC), and poor in two (one IIIB, and one IIIC). In the two patients with poor outcomes, bone defect and cartilage exfoliating in the distal tibia were found during surgery. Painful osteoarthritis in the ankle was discovered 2 years after surgery. Another case had pin tract infections in the external fixator 3 months after surgery. There was no case of late deep infection.Conclusions:It may be a reasonable and desirable option that bioabsorbable implants combined with an external fixator be applied for treatment of severe open dislocated ankle fractures. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 101(4): 307–315, 2011)
The Use of Focused Electronic Medical Record Forms to Improve Health-care Outcomes
Authors: Caldwell Bryan D. , Katz Robert D. , Pascarella Eugene M. 
Published: April 2014

Background:
We tested the use of specifically designed electronic medical record forms, thereby demonstrating the ability to electronically capture, report, and compare clinical data. To that end, podiatric physicians can determine what constitutes the most effective program or treatment for specific conditions by documenting their treatment outcomes.

Methods:
A prospective case series was initiated to determine the value of using focused electronic medical record forms to track walking programs in the practices of podiatric physicians. Three patients were observed for 48 weeks using focused electronic medical record forms to input data (body mass index, cholesterol level, hemoglobin A1c level, blood pressure, and other vital information). Patients were given pedometers so that they could log their mileage and their podiatric physicians could enter it into the medical record. Information was collected using an electronic medical record system with the ability to link multiple templates together and assign logic to create flexible entry completion requirements. The clinical data generated are captured in a common database, where the data offer future opportunity to compare statistics among a multitude of practices in various demographic regions.

Results:
Focused electronic medical record forms were effectively used to track improvements and overall health benefits in a walking program supervised by podiatric physicians.

Conclusions:
Valuable information can be ascertained with focused electronic medical record forms to help determine treatment effectiveness. This information can later be compared with practices across many different demographics to ascertain the best evidence-based practice. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 101(4): 331–334, 2011)
Changes in the Plantar Pressure Distribution During Gait Throughout Gestation
Authors: Ribeiro Ana Paula , Trombini-Souza Francis , de Camargo Neves Sacco Isabel , Ruano Rodrigo , Zugaib Marcelo , João Sílvia Maria Amado 
Published: April 2014

Background:The intention of this investigation was to longitudinally describe and compare the plantar pressure distribution in orthostatic posture and gait throughout pregnancy.Methods:A prospective longitudinal observational study was conducted with six pregnant women (mean ± SD age, 32 ± 3 years) with a mean ± SD weight gain of 10.0 ± 1.4 kg. Peak pressure, contact time, contact area, and maximum force in five plantar areas were evaluated using capacitive insoles during gait and orthostatic posture. For 1 year, the plantar pressures of pregnant women were evaluated the last month of each trimester. Comparisons among plantar areas and trimesters were made by analysis of variance.Results:For orthostatic posture, no differences in contact time, contact area, peak pressure, and maximum force throughout the trimesters were found. During gait, peak pressure and maximum force of the medial rearfoot were reduced from the first to third and second to third trimesters. Maximum force increased at the medial forefoot from the first to second trimester. Contact area increased at the lateral rearfoot from the second to third trimester and at the midfoot from the first to third trimester. Contact time increased at the midfoot and medial and lateral forefoot from the first to third trimester.Conclusions:Pregnant women do not alter plantar pressure during orthostatic posture, but, during gait, the plantar loads were redistributed from the rearfoot (decrease) to the midfoot and forefoot (increase) throughout pregnancy. These adjustments help maintain the dynamic stability of the pregnant woman during locomotion. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 101(5): 415–423, 2011)
Bioinformatics Protocols in Glycomics and Glycoproteomics
Authors: Tang Haixu , Mayampurath Anoop , Yu Chuan‐Yih , Mechref Yehia 
Published: April 2014

AbstractGlycomics aims to identify the whole set of functional glycans of glycoconjugates (attached to proteins or lipids) in biological samples. Glycoproteomics aims to characterize the complete structure of all glycoproteins in biological samples, including the glycosylation sites of proteins and the various glycan structures attached to each of these sites. Mass spectrometry (MS) and microarray are high‐throughput technologies that are commonly used in glycomics and glycoproteomics, which often result in the generation of large experimental datasets. Bioinformatics approaches play an essential role in automated analysis and interpretation of such data. This unit describes and discusses the computational tools currently available for these analyses, and their glycomics and glycoproteomics applications. Curr. Protoc. Protein Sci. 76:2.15.1‐2.15.7. © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Intensity Calibration and Flat‐Field Correction for Fluorescence Microscopes
Authors: Model Michael 
Published: April 2014

AbstractStandardization in fluorescence microscopy involves calibration of intensity in reproducible units and correction for spatial nonuniformity of illumination (flat‐field or shading correction). Both goals can be achieved using concentrated solutions of fluorescent dyes. When a drop of a highly concentrated fluorescent dye is placed between a slide and a coverslip it produces a spatially uniform field, resistant to photobleaching and with reproducible quantum yield; it can be used as a brightness standard for wide‐field and confocal microscopes. For wide‐field microscopes, calibration can be further extended to absolute molecular units. This can be done by imaging a solution of known concentration and known depth; the latter can be prepared by placing a small spherical lens in a diluted solution of the same fluorophore that is used in the biological specimen. Curr. Protoc. Cytom. 68:10.14.1‐10.14.10. © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Understanding differences in chemistry climate model projections of stratospheric ozone
Authors: Douglass A. R. , Strahan S. E. , Oman L. D. , Stolarski R. S. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractChemistry climate models (CCMs) are used to project future evolution of stratospheric ozone as concentrations of ozone‐depleting substances (ODSs) decrease and greenhouse gases increase, cooling the stratosphere. CCM projections exhibit not only many common features but also a broad range of values for quantities such as year of ozone return to 1980 and global ozone level at the end of the 21st century. Multiple linear regression is applied to each of 14 CCMs to separate ozone response to ODS concentration change from that due to climate change. We show that the sensitivity of lower stratospheric ozone to chlorine change ΔO3/ΔCly is a near‐linear function of partitioning of total inorganic chlorine (Cly) into its reservoirs; both Cly and its partitioning are largely controlled by lower stratospheric transport. CCMs with best performance on transport diagnostics agree with observations for chlorine reservoirs and produce similar ozone responses to chlorine change. After 2035, differences in ΔO3/ΔCly contribute little to the spread in CCM projections as the anthropogenic contribution to Cly becomes unimportant. Differences among upper stratospheric ozone increases due to temperature decreases are explained by differences in ozone sensitivity to temperature change ΔO3/ΔT due to different contributions from various ozone loss processes, each with its own temperature dependence. Ozone decrease in the tropical lower stratosphere caused by a projected speedup in the Brewer‐Dobson circulation may or may not be balanced by ozone increases in the middle‐ and high‐latitude lower stratosphere and upper troposphere. This balance, or lack thereof, contributes most to the spread in late 21st century projections.