bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome Sequences of Salmonella enterica Serotype Typhimurium Blood Clinical Isolate ST4848/06 and Stool Isolate ST1489/06
Authors: Cheng Chi Keung , Au Chun Hang , Li Lei , Nong Wenyan , Law Patrick Tik Wan , Cheung William Man Wai , Ling Julia Mei Lun , Kwan Hoi Shan 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT

Salmonella enterica
serotype Typhimurium human blood strains isolated from outside Africa are rarely sequenced. Here, we report the draft genome sequences of two
S
. Typhimurium clinical strains isolated in the same year, one from blood and another from stool, in order to gain insights into the genetic basis leading to invasive diseases.
Draft Genome Sequence of Rhodococcus erythropolis DN1, a Crude Oil Biodegrader
Authors: Shevtsov Alexander , Tarlykov Pavel , Zholdybayeva Elena , Momynkulov Dauren , Sarsenova Ainur , Moldagulova Nazira , Momynaliev Kuvat 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT

We report the 6,548-Mb genome sequence of
Rhodococcus erythropolis
strain DN1, isolated from the oil-contaminated soil in the Karagandy region of Kazakhstan. The draft genome sequence of strain DN1 might provide new insights into the genetic mechanisms of crude oil biodegradation.
Genome Sequences of Mannheimia haemolytica Serotype A1 Strains D153 and D193 from Bovine Pneumonia
Authors: Hauglund Melissa J. , Tatum Fred M. , Bayles Darrell O. , Maheswaran Samuel K. , Briggs Robert E. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTHere we report two genome sequences, one complete and one draft, from virulent bovine strains ofMannheimia haemolyticaserotype A1 recovered prior to the field usage of modern antimicrobial drugs.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Extremely Halophilic
Bacillus
sp. Strain SB49, Isolated from a Salt Crystallizer Pond of the Little Rann of Kutch, India
Authors: Pal Kamal Krishna , Dey Rinku , Thomas Manesh , Sherathia Dharmesh , Dalsania Trupti , Patel Ilaxi , Savsani Kinjal , Ghorai Sucheta , Vanpariya Sejal , Sukhadiya Bhoomika , Mandaliya Mona , Rupapara Rupal , Rawal Priya 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT

Here we report the draft whole-genome sequence (3.72 Mbp) of
Bacillus
sp. strain SB49, an extremely halophilic bacterium isolated from a salt crystallizer pond of the Little Rann of Kutch in India. Unraveling the genome of this organism will facilitate understanding and isolation of the genes involved in imparting extreme osmotolerance.
Managing competing demands through task-switching and multitasking: a multi-setting observational study of 200 clinicians over 1000 hours
Authors: Walter Scott R , Li Ling , Dunsmuir William T M , Westbrook Johanna I 
Published: October 2013

ObjectiveTo provide a detailed characterisation of clinicians’ work management strategies.Design1002.3 h of observational data were derived from three previous studies conducted in a teaching hospital in Sydney, Australia, among emergency department (ED) doctors (n=40), ward doctors (n=57) and ward nurses (n=104). The rates of task-switching (pausing a task to handle an incoming task) and multitasking (adding a task in parallel to an existing task) were compared in each group. Random intercepts logistic regression was used to determine factors significantly associated with clinicians’ use of task-switching over multitasking and to quantify variation between individual clinicians.ResultsTask-switching rates were higher among ED doctors (6.0 per hour) than ward staff (2.2 and 1.8 per hour for doctors and nurses, respectively) and vice versa for multitasking rates (9.2 vs 17.3 and 14.1 per hour). Clinicians’ strategy use was significantly related to the nature and complexity of work and to the person they were working with. In some settings, time of day, day of the week or previous chosen strategy affected a clinician's strategy. Independent of these factors, there was significant variation between individual clinicians in their use of strategies in a given situation (ED doctors p=0.04, ward staff p=0.03).ConclusionsDespite differences in factors associated with work management strategy use among ED doctors, ward doctors and ward nurses, clinicians in all settings appeared to prioritise certain types of tasks over others. Documentation was generally given low priority in all groups, while the arrival of direct care tasks tended to be treated with high priority. These findings suggest that considerations of safety may be implicit in task-switching and multitasking decisions. Although these strategies have been cast in a negative light, future research should consider their role in optimising competing quality and efficiency demands.
Agreement between mathematically arterialised venous versus arterial blood gas values in patients undergoing non-invasive ventilation: a cohort study
Authors: Kelly Anne-Maree , Klim Sharon , Rees Stephen E 
Published: October 2013

BackgroundBlood gas analysis is important for assessment of ventilatory function. Traditionally, arterial analysis has been used. A method for mathematically arterialising venous blood gas values has been developed. Our aim was to validate this method in patients undergoing non-invasive ventilation (NIV) in an emergency department (ED).Materials and methodsThis post hoc substudy of a prospective cohort study included adult patients undergoing NIV for acute respiratory compromise. When arterial blood gas analysis was required for clinical purposes, a venous sample was also drawn. Mathematically arterialised values were calculated independent of arterial values. Primary outcome of interest was agreement between mathematically arterialised venous and arterial values for pH and pCO2. Bland-Altman agreement plot analysis was used.ResultsEighty sample-pairs (58 patients) were studied. Mean difference for arterial pH (actual-calculated) was 0.01 pH units (95% limits of agreement: −0.04, 0.06). Mean difference for pCO2(actual-calculated) was −0.06 kPa (95% limits of agreement: −1.34, 1.22).ConclusionsFor patients undergoing NIV in an ED, agreement between mathematically arterialised venous values and arterial values was close for pH but only moderate for pCO2.Depending on clinician tolerance for agreement, this method may be a clinically useful alternative to arterial blood gas analysis in the ED.
An outcomes evaluation of an emergency department early pregnancy assessment service and early pregnancy assessment protocol
Authors: Wendt Kim , Crilly Julia , May Chris , Bates Kym , Saxena Rakhee 
Published: October 2013

BackgroundComplications in early pregnancy, such as threatened or actual miscarriage is a common occurrence resulting in many women presenting to the emergency department (ED). Early pregnancy service delivery models described in the literature vary in terms of approach, setting and outcomes. Our objective was to determine outcomes of women who presented to an Australian regional ED with diagnoses consistent with early pregnancy complications following the implementation of an early pregnancy assessment service (EPAS) and early pregnancy assessment protocol (EPAP) in July 2011.MethodsA descriptive, comparative (6 months before and after) study was undertaken. Data were extracted from the hospital ED information system and medical healthcare records. Outcome measures included: time to see a clinician, ED length of stay, admission rate, re-presentation rate, hospital admission and types of pathology tests ordered.ResultsOver the 12 -month period, 584 ED presentations were made to the ED with complications of early pregnancy (268 PRE and 316 POST EPAS–EPAP). Outcomes that improved statistically and clinically following implementation included: time to see a clinician (decreased by 6 min from 35 to 29 min), admission rate (decreased 6% from 14.5% to 8.5%), increase in β-human chorionic gonadotrophin ordering by 10% (up to 80% POST), increase in ultrasound (USS) performed by 10% (up to 73% POST) and increase in pain score documentation by 23% (up to 36% POST).ConclusionsThe results indicate that patient and service delivery improvements can be achieved following the implementation of targeted service delivery models such as EPAS and EPAP in the ED.
Simulation training based on observation with minimal participation improves paediatric emergency medicine knowledge, skills and confidence
Authors: Bloch Scott A , Bloch Amy J 
Published: October 2013

ObjectiveSimulation is becoming standard during emergency medicine (EM) training. To determine if observation-based simulation with minimal participation improves knowledge, skill performance and confidence, we created and evaluated 12 paediatric emergency medicine (PEM) simulations focusing on the educational value of observation.MethodsThirty-one EM residents participated in 1–2 simulations each and observed multiple others. Scores obtained on a knowledge test presimulation and postsimulation, clinical skills assessed for changes in performance over the course of the study, and confidence questionnaires given presimulation and postsimulation were analysed. Participants’ feedback regarding the observation model was also evaluated.ResultsAverage scores obtained on the knowledge test improved significantly presimulation to postsimulation (36.3% vs 51.4%), and remained consistent postsimulation to 4 months after simulation training (51.4% vs 48.8%). Gain scores for participants who observed >80% of the simulations were significantly higher than for those who observed<80% (20.7% vs 12.5%). Over 90% of skillsets reassessed throughout the simulations showed improvement, and residents assessed themselves as more confident after simulation training. All participants rated the training as very useful, and 71% reported that being observed was stressful but beneficial, as clinical emergencies are stressful as well.ConclusionsUsing observation with minimal participation as the foundation of simulation training may lead to improvement in observer knowledge, skills and confidence. Observation-based simulation training may also save time and resources, allowing a broader coverage of clinical scenarios than programmes requiring active participation by all learners.
Climatic control on the Late Permian Main Dolomite (Ca2) deposition in northern margin of the Southern Permian Basin and implications to its internal cyclicity
Authors: Gąsiewicz Andrzej 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
During the Late Permian (Zechstein), the Southern Permian Basin (SPB) of Europe was a shallow epicontinental and evaporitic sea surrounded by large continental masses. It has been assumed that both the cyclic Zechstein deposition and internal cyclicity of the lower Zechstein carbonate units resulted from glacio-eustatic fluxes of marine waters and evaporation in the stable arid climatic conditions.
The Main Dolomite (Ca2) is the carbonate unit of the second Zechstein cycle. The Main Dolomite (MD) deposits formed the Kamień Pomorski carbonate platform, which was attached to land at the northern margin of the SPB (NW Poland). Study of stable carbon and oxygen isotopic composition and major and minor elements distribution reveal palaeoclimatic instability induced by a relative rise in precipitation during MD deposition. A tendency towards increased climatic humidity towards the end of the unit reflected by an increased fluvial contribution argues for either a local- and/or regional-scale of temporal flow of wet humid air masses. Chemical weathering and erosion on the nearby Fennoscandian High caused dilution of carbonate accumulation by very fine siliciclastics in the proximal part of the platform.
A lack of internal cycles of a regional extent in the investigated platform implies that it was not global glacio-eustatic influxes but a combination of events, such as local relative sea-level fluctuations induced by climate impact and variation of the palaeoenvironmental parameters, that determined the development of the platform. Future research should investigate the effects of the climate and local tectonics to reveal the basinal dynamics and depositional history of the MD carbonate platforms.
Reservoir architecture of the Gharif Formation outcrops in the Southern Huqf area, Sultanate of Oman
Authors: Alsop D. B. , Al Ghammari M. , Al Abri A. , Al Mahrooqi A. , Al Rawahi H. , Salem H. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The Gharif Formation was deposited in the early Permian and is one of the major producing oil and gas reservoirs in the Sultanate of Oman. The Upper Gharif Unit crops out at Wadi Gharif, where a detailed outcrop characterization was undertaken. Fluvial channel sandstones, inclined heterolithic stratification (IHS) and floodplain palaeosols are the dominant facies associations. Deposition was in a low to moderate sinuosity multistorey fluvial channel belt with fluctuating water levels, allowing water retention in the channel while mud deposited on the upper portions of the point bar was exposed. Sandstone-body geometries indicate ribbon-like channels flowing in a NW orientation. The channel belt is estimated to be between 150 and 250 m wide and encased in oxidized red palaeosols. The depositional units are stacked from east to west and the scour and erosional surfaces are indicative of cut and fill under relatively low accommodation conditions. The reservoir architecture highlights the presence of potential claystone baffles in the IHS section on the margins of the point bars. Differences in grain size between the coarse-grained channel sandstones and the fine-grained IHS sandstones potentially create a permeability contrast while the inclined surfaces will affect fluid movement for both vertical and lateral flow. A deterministic surface-based model was constructed to access static connectivity of the Gharif fluvial channels.
First-Principles Study of Oxygen Vacancy and Hydrogen Impurity Effects in the Pseudo-Hexagonal Ta2O5
Authors: Kim J. Y. , Magyari-Köpe B. , Hazeghi A. , Lee K. J. , Kim H. S. , Lee S. H. , Nishi Y. 
Published: October 2013

The structures and electronic properties of Ta2O5 polymorphs were calculated using density-functional theory employing the generalized gradient approximation with on-site Coulomb corrections. Using this approach, a pseudo-hexagonal structure was found to be a stable polymorph of Ta2O5 over the
14Î´' type="#_x0000_t75"> - and
14Î²' type="#_x0000_t75"> -Ta2O5 and is proposed as a new candidate structure which might be formed during the resistive switching process in random access memory devices. Its diffraction spectrum is shown to successfully match the recently indexed experimental structure and its band-gap energy is also in good agreement with available experimental data. A neutral oxygen vacancy is shown to induce an occupied defect state at 2.5 eV above the top of the valence band, as also found by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectrum measurement. Furthermore, the effects of the hydrogen impurity on the electronic structures were investigated.
Tangeretin Regulates Platelet Function Through Inhibition of Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase and Cyclic Nucleotide Signaling
Authors: Vaiyapuri Sakthivel , Ali Marfoua S. , Moraes Leonardo A. , Sage Tanya , Lewis Kirsty R. , Jones Chris I. , Gibbins Jonathan M. 
Published: October 2013

Objective—
Dietary flavonoids have long been appreciated in reducing cardiovascular disease risk factors, but their mechanisms of action are complex in nature. In this study, the effects of tangeretin, a dietary flavonoid, were explored on platelet function, signaling, and hemostasis.

Approach and Results—
Tangeretin inhibited agonist-induced human platelet activation in a concentration-dependent manner. It inhibited agonist-induced integrin αIIbβ3 inside-out and outside-in signaling, intracellular calcium mobilization, and granule secretion. Tangeretin also inhibited human platelet adhesion and subsequent thrombus formation on collagen-coated surfaces under arterial flow conditions in vitro and reduced hemostasis in mice. Further characterization to explore the mechanism by which tangeretin inhibits platelet function revealed distinctive effects of platelet signaling. Tangeretin was found to inhibit phosphoinositide 3-kinase–mediated signaling and increase cGMP levels in platelets, although phosphodiesterase activity was unaffected. Consistent with increased cGMP levels, tangeretin increased the phosphorylation of vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein at S239.

Conclusions—
This study provides support for the ability and mechanisms of action of dietary flavonoids to modulate platelet signaling and function, which may affect the risk of thrombotic disease.
Regulation of ABCA1 Protein Expression and Function in Hepatic and Pancreatic Islet Cells by miR-145
Authors: Kang Martin H. , Zhang Lin-Hua , Wijesekara Nadeeja , de Haan Willeke , Butland Stefanie , Bhattacharjee Alpana , Hayden Michael R. 
Published: October 2013

Objective—
The ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) protein maintains cellular cholesterol homeostasis in several different tissues. In the liver, ABCA1 is crucial for high-density lipoprotein biogenesis, and in the pancreas ABCA1 can regulate insulin secretion. In this study, our aim was to identify novel microRNAs that regulate ABCA1 expression in these tissues.

Approach and Results—
We combined multiple microRNA prediction programs to identify 8 microRNAs that potentially regulate ABCA1. A luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that 5 of these microRNAs (miR-148, miR-27, miR-144, miR-145, and miR-33a/33b) significantly repressed ABCA1 3′-untranslated region activity with miR-145 resulting in one of the larger decreases. In hepatic HepG2 cells, miR-145 can regulate both ABCA1 protein expression levels and cholesterol efflux function. In murine islets, an increase in miR-145 expression decreased ABCA1 protein expression, increased total islet cholesterol levels, and decreased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Inhibiting miR-145 produced the opposite effect of increasing ABCA1 protein levels and improving glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Finally, increased glucose levels in media significantly decreased miR-145 levels in cultured pancreatic beta cells. These findings suggest that miR-145 is involved in glucose homeostasis and is regulated by glucose concentration.

Conclusions—
Our studies demonstrate that miR-145 regulates ABCA1 expression and function, and inhibiting this microRNA represents a novel strategy for increasing ABCA1 expression, promoting high-density lipoprotein biogenesis in the liver, and improving glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in islets.
Predictors of Disease Progression in Pediatric Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Molina Kimberly M. , Shrader Peter , Colan Steven D. , Mital Seema , Margossian Renee , Sleeper Lynn A. , Shirali Girish , Barker Piers , Canter Charles E. , Altmann Karen , Radojewski Elizabeth , Selamet Tierney Elif Seda , Rychik Jack , Tani Lloyd Y. 
Published: October 2013

Background—
Despite medical advances, children with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) remain at high risk of death or need for cardiac transplantation. We sought to identify predictors of disease progression in pediatric DCM.

Methods and Results—

The Pediatric Heart Network evaluated chronic DCM patients with prospective echocardiographic and clinical data collection during an 18-month follow-up. Inclusion criteria were age <22 years and DCM disease duration >2 months. Patients requiring intravenous inotropic/mechanical support or listed status 1A/1B for transplant were excluded. Disease progression was defined as an increase in transplant listing status, hospitalization for heart failure, intravenous inotropes, mechanical support, or death. Predictors of disease progression were identified using Cox proportional hazards modeling and classification and regression tree analysis. Of the 127 patients, 28 (22%) had disease progression during the 18-month follow-up. Multivariable analysis identified older age at diagnosis (hazard ratio=1.14 per year;
P
<0.001), larger left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic M-mode dimension
z
-score (hazard ratio=1.49;
P
<0.001), and lower septal peak systolic tissue Doppler velocity
z
-score (hazard ratio=0.81;
P
=0.01) as independent predictors of disease progression. Classification and regression tree analysis stratified patients at risk of disease progression with 89% sensitivity and 94% specificity based on LV end-diastolic M-mode dimension
z
-score ≥7.7, LV ejection fraction <39%, LV inflow propagation velocity (color M-mode)
z
-score <−0.28, and age at diagnosis ≥8.5 months.

Conclusions—
In children with chronic stable DCM, a combination of diagnosis after late infancy and echocardiographic parameters of larger LV size and systolic and diastolic function predicted disease progression.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00123071.
Preceding and Poststroke Infections in Young Adults With First-Ever Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Heikinheimo Terttu , Broman Jenna , Haapaniemi Elena , Kaste Markku , Tatlisumak Turgut , Putaala Jukka 
Published: October 2013

Background and Purpose—
Poststroke infections (PSIs) worsen the outcome in acute ischemic stroke, but the effect of preceding infection (PI) is controversial. Data on young patients are scarce. We characterized PI and PSI in young adults with first-ever stroke and studied whether they are associated with 3-month and long-term outcomes, recurrent vascular events, and death.

Methods—
From our database of 1008 consecutive patients aged 15 to 49 years, we included in the present study those who had brain imaging done within the first 2 days from stroke onset. Outcomes were unfavorable at 3 months and during long-term follow-up, vascular events, and all-cause death. Logistic regression and Cox proportional models were used to determine associations between infections and clinical outcomes.

Results—
A total of 681 patients (62.3% men) fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Of these, 70 (10.3%) had PI, most commonly upper respiratory tract infection, and 103 (15.1%) had PSI, most commonly pneumonia. After adjusting for sex, age, and risk factors, both PI (odds ratio, 2.86; 95% confidence interval, 1.48–5.54) and PSI (odds ratio, 2.26; 95% confidence interval, 1.08–4.76) were independently associated with unfavorable 3-month outcome. PSI was also associated with long-term (follow-up, 7.8±4.0 years) higher risk of all-cause death.

Conclusions—
In young patients with ischemic stroke, both PI and PSIs are associated with unfavorable short-term outcome. PSIs are also associated with higher long-term mortality.
Post-Agreement Negotiating within Multilateral Regimes
Authors: Zartman I. William , Spector Bertram I. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
This thematic issue of the journal revisits the thesis introduced ten years ago in the book, Getting It Done: Post-Agreement Negotiation and International Regimes, that regimes are recursive negotiations and not merely one-off settlements that turn next to ratification. Seven cases are presented in the issue and discussed in this article that develop a number of reasons why regimes are marked by post-agreement negotiations. They examine the dimensions of these different types of encounters, all negotiations to be explored by established negotiation analysis but incomplete and incomprehensible without the context of the previous agreement, which then they complement.