bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ornithogalum: a revision of the southern African species
Authors: Obermeyer A. A. 
Published: July 2015

A taxonomic revision of the genus Ornithogalum L. (Liliaceae) in southern Africa is presented. Three subgenera and 54 species are recognized; 8 of these species are new to science; there is one new subspecies, 3 taxa are accorded subspecific rank, one variety has been raised to specific rank, 4 were taken out of other genera and placed in Ornithogalum and one was placed under Albuca (see p. 372 for enumeration). Characters separating Ornithogalum from Albuca are defined. Historical notes on the genus are given and reference is made to poisonous and cultivated species.
New taxa and new combinations in <i>Cotyledon</i> and allied genera
Authors: Tölken H. R. 
Published: July 2015

As a result of a re-evaluation of Cotyledon and Adromisehus, it was found necessary to amend the delimitation of Cotyledon and to describe a new genus Tylecodon. A summarized revision of Adromisehus with keys to sections, species and subspecific taxa is provided. The following new names and new combinations are effected: Adromisehus sect. Boreali Toelken, A. cristatus var. clavifolius (Haw.) Toelken,—var. schonlandii (Phill.) Toelken,—var. zeyheri (Harv.) Toelken, A. fallax Toelken, A. fiticaulis subsp. marlothii (Schonl.) Toelken, A. inamoenus Toelken, A. marianae var. hallii (P. C. Hutch.) Toelken,—var. kubusensis (Uitew.) Toelken, A. schuldtianus subsp. juttae (V. Poelln.) Toelken, A. subviridis Toelken, A. umbraticola subsp. raniosa Toelken, Tylecodon buchholzianus (Schuldt Steph.) Toelken, T. cacalioides (L.f.) Toelken, T. decipiens Toelken, T. fragilis (Dyer) Toelken, T. faucium (V. Poelln.) Toelken, T. grandiflorus (Burm.f.) Toelken, T. hallii (Toelken) Toelken, T. hirtifolium (W. F. Barker) Toelken, T. leucothrix (C. A. Smith) Toelken, T. occultans (Toelken) Toelken, T. paniculatus (L.f.) Toelken, T. pearsonii (Schonl.) Toelken, T. pygmaeus (W. F. Barker) Toelken,—var. tenuis (Toelken) Toelken, T. racemosus (Harv.) Toelken, T. reticulatus (L.f.) Toelken,—subsp. phyllopodium Toelken, T. rubrovenosus (Dinter) Toelken, T. schaeferanus (Dinter) Toelken, T. similis (Toelken) Toelken, T. singularis (Dyer) Toelken, T. striatus (P. C. Hutch.) Toelken, T. suffultus Bruyns ex Toelken, T. sulphureus (Toelken) Toelken, T. torulosus Toelken, T. tuberosus Toelken, T. ventricosus (Burm.f.) Toelken, T. viridiflorus (Toelken) Toelken, T. wallichii (Harv.) Toelken,—subsp. ecklonianus (Harv.) Toelken.
The mycoflora of wheat field debris, Part III
Authors: Jooste W. J. 
Published: July 2015

Descriptions are given of four fungus species isolated from stubble of a wheat field in the Heilbron district: Ulocladium botrytis Preuss, Drechslera australiensis (Bugnicourt) Subram. Jain ex M. B. Ellis, Cladosporium macrocarpum Preuss, Verticillium fusisporium W. Gams.
The genus Sarcocaulon *
Authors: Moffett R. O. 
Published: July 2015

A revision of Sarcocaulon (Geraniaceae) is presented in which 14 species are recognized. Descriptions, illustrations, distribution data and two keys to the species are provided. The following new names are published: S. salmoniflorum Moffett (nom. nov. for S. I'heritieri DC. var. brevimucronatum Schinz), S. camdeboense Moffett, S. ciliatum Moffett and S. peniculinum Moffett. Because the iconotype of S. spinosum (Burm.f.) Kuntze and S. burmannii (DC.) Sweet depicts discordant elements, which cannot be equated to any known taxa of Sarcocaulon, these species are treated as species incertae.
A survey of some of the pre-Linnean history of the genus <i>Acacia/i>
Authors: Ross I. H. 
Published: July 2015

The pre-Linnean history of the plants referred to the genus Acacia to some extent reflects the developmentof botanical description, classification and illustration. Attention is drawn to some of the earliest references toplants known to belong to the genus Acacia and to references in selected herbals and publications up untilPhilip Miller’s description of the genus in the fourth abridged edition of his Gardeners Dictionary in 1754.
Miscellaneous notes on the genus <i>Pelargonium</i>
Authors: Van der Walt J. J. A. , Vorster P. J. 
Published: July 2015

It is pointed out that the name sect. Pelargium DC. must be replaced by sect. Pelargonium, and Pelargonium cardiophyllum Harv. (1860) by P. setulosum Turcz. (1858); P. mossambicense Engl, is reported as a new record for the Transvaal; a new name P. ternifolium Vorster is given to P. trifolia turn Harv., nom. illeg.; and the typification of P. multificlum Harv., P. plurisectum Salter, P. dolomiticum Knuth and P. dasyphyllum E. Mey. ex Knuth is discussed.
Information available within the PRECIS data bank of the National Herbarium, Pretoria, with examples of uses to which it may be put
Authors: Morris J. W , Manders R. 
Published: July 2015

The contents of the computerized information storage and retrieval system (PRECIS) of the National Herbarium, Pretoria (PRE) are described at length mainly by means of frequency histograms of descriptor codes. The frequency distributions found are discussed in the light of the history of the herbarium, the geography of the area and the habits of plant collectors. Two uses of PRECIS are illustrated by example. Firstly, the flowering phenology of Eragrostis capensis, Themeda triandra and Heteropogon contortus is plotted and, secondly, the route followed by Dinter in South West Africa/Namibia from December 1933 until March 1935 is described. It is concluded that the system should be o f particular use in revisionary studies, regional floras and biogeographic research.
Leaf anatomy of the South African Danthonieae (Poaceae). VII. <i>Merxmuellera</i> decora, <i>M. lupulina</i> and <i>M. rufa</i>
Authors: Ellis R. P. 
Published: July 2015

The leaf anatomy of Merxmuellera decora (Nees) Conert, M. lupulina (Thunb.) Conert and M. rufa (Nees)Conert is described and illustrated. The epidermal structure is shown to be uniform in all three taxa and to be unique in the genus. The leaf anatomy is very variable and three distinct types are evident. M. lupulina is consistent, but all three anatomical types are represented in the samples examined of both M. decora and M. rufa.The anatomical types show similarities with Pentaschistis involuta (Steud.) Adamson, M. dura (Stapf) Conert, M. stricta (Schrad.) Conert and M. disticha (Nees) Conert. M. decora, M. lupulina and M. rufa, together with P. involuta, therefore, appear to form a recognizable group intermediate between Pentaschistis and Merxmuellera.
Flore et végétation actuelles de l’Afrique du nord, leur signification en fonction de l’origine, de Involution et des migrations des flores et structures de végétation passées
Authors: Quézel P. 
Published: July 2015

PRESENT VEGETATION AND FLORA OF NORTHERN AFRICA, THEIR MEANING IN RELATION TO THEIR ORIGIN, EVOLUTION AND MIGRATIONS OF FLORAS AND THE STRUCTURES OF PAST VEGETATION In the light of recent works and biogeographic synthesis, the Mediterranean flora appears more and more as a heterogeneous entity, reflecting, to a great extent, the palaeogeographic and palaeoclimatic history of the region. In particular, the co-existence of elements of southern stock and of northerly elements, presently points to the possibilities of exchange which occurred very early in the Tertiary between the Gondwanian type of floras or the less tropical types and the Laurasian floras.The tropical elements are numerous and can be linked to various entities according to their age; a pantropical entity comprising in particular, Tetraclinis and Warionia, but also various families, is common to all the tropical regions and, without any doubt, contemporary with the dismemberment of Gondwana; a north-tropical entity peculiarly common to California and the Mediterranean region; a palaeotropical entity strongly heterogeneous and complex. One finds there: — thermophilous sclerophyll types often linked to the African rainforest species, — old xerophilous types, distributed in South Africa and north of the Equator (randflora), — endemic taxa of high African mountains, showing affinities with Ethiopian species or of the high African mountains, — taxa more recently arrived or even common sahelian species settled during the last pluvial. The elements of extratropical stock are composed of autochthonal or Mediterraneo-Tertiary elements, and of northern elements. The Mediterraneo-Tertiary elements are the remnants of differentiated floras generally in situ on the banks of the Tethys and on the micro-plates which occur there. The role of the Iberian micro-plate is particularly important in the western Magreb. It is advisable to associate them with various species belonging to the Irano-touranian and Saharo-Arab stocks, whose settlement is often recent. An oro-Mesogean entity is particularly important and brings together the endemo-vicariant taxa generally occurring from the Atlas to the western Himalayas. The northern elements bring together a mesothermal entity, a remnant o f the pre-glacial Lauresian floras, poorly represented in north Africa, a microthermal northern entity generally comprising species recently established and a north-alpine entity contemporary with the last glaciations, extremely localized on the high Atlas mountains. Finally, the origin of the main characteristic formations of the Mediterranean stages is examined and discussed.
A phytogeographic survey of Southern Benin
Authors: Paradis G. 
Published: July 2015

Southern Benin has a dry subequatoriai climate with a rainfall gradient from 850 mm in the west to 1 500 mm in the east, the geomorphology is varied and the vegetation has been subjected to strong human influence. There are numerous plant formations, namely: 1, forest islands which are probably relics of the primitive vegetation and include (a) dense semi-deciduous forests of several types, (b) swamp forests of two types, (c) periodically flooded forest of two types, (d) Lophira lanceolata (Hutchinson Dalziel, 1954-72) woodlands and (e) mangrove swamps; 2, formations which are probably derived and include (a) thickets of several types, (b) tree savannas and shrub savannas, (c) grassy savannas and prairies varying according to soil characteristics and (d) halophytic grasslands; and 3, floating vegetation on fresh-water lakes.
Important indigenous plants used in the Transkei as food supplements
Authors: Wehmeyer A. S. , Rose Elizabeth F. 
Published: July 2015

Despite the fact that there is a tendency to rely more and more on foods which can be purchased at stores, the indigenous edible plants or veld foods play a significant role in the diet of the people living in the rural areas of the Transkei. Although more work is required to gather and prepare veld foods, they can be an important and inexpensive source of macronutrients — carbohydrates, fats and protein — and also micronutrients such as minerals and vitamins. Some of the more commonly-used plants such as Sonchus asper, Chenopodium album, Centella coriacea, Galinsoga parviflora, Urtica urens and Solanum nigrum are discussed and nutrient composition given. The names of a few plants which should rather be avoided, are also given. Many of these edible plants are also regarded as weeds and. instead of eradicating them, their cultivation should perhaps be encouraged.
Quelques vertus médicinales de Cassia occidentalis L. (Césalpiniacées) en basse Cóte d’Ivoire
Authors: Aké Assi L. 
Published: July 2015

SOME MEDICINAL PROPERTIES OF CASSIA OCCIDENTALIS L. (CAESALPINIACEAE) IN THE LOWER IVORY COAST About 40 species of Cassia, a great number of which have been introduced, grow in different parts of intertropical Africa, in all types o f vegetation. The 14 species in the Ivory Coast are herbs, shrubs or trees. The local pharmacopoeia uses six of these species for various therapeutic preparations. The currently most used species is Cassia occidentalis L. commonly called Faux Kinkéliba. In the forest area of the Lower Ivory Coast, 11 medical preparations made from different parts of the plant are used. With its considerable ability to spread, this South American plant has become a pantropical one. It is found chiefly in the vicinity of villages. C. occidentalis is used for the relief and treatment of a variety of pains and diseases, for example as a cicatrizant, abortifacient, febrifuge, diuretic, laxative or cholagogue and tonic, and in cases of asthma, cataract, jaundice and kwashiorkor.
<i>Acacia tortilis</i> subsp. <i>heteracantha</i> productivity in the Tugela Dry Valley Bushveld: preliminary results
Authors: Milton S. J. 
Published: July 2015

Acacia tortilis Hayne subsp. heteracantha (Burch.) Brenan dominates secondary succession in the Tugela Dry Valley Bushveld of the Natal midlands. The parts of KwaZulu in this veld type are impoverished, overpopulated and over-grazed. Preliminary results indicate that at a density of 2 700 ± 600 trees/ha there is a standing crop of c.2,87 t/ha (DM) of acacia twigs suitable for hand pruning and milling into fodder, but that this is a costly process. Herbage biomass peaked at 0,73 t/ha (DM). Veld condition assessments suggested a stocking rate of|0,l AU/ha (grazers), but actual grazer stocking rates may be many times this density. It is recommended that the browser/grazer ratio be altered to make use of the c. 1,05 t/ha (DM) of shoot growth produced annually by A. tortilis subsp. heteracantha.
The genus <i>Schoenoxiphium</i> (Cyperaceae). A preliminary account
Authors: Kukkonen I. 
Published: July 2015

The genus Schoenoxiphium of the tribe Cariceae of Cyperaceae is conservatively accepted as being restricted to the African continent and Madagascar. The special features of the inflorescence structure are described. The following species are provisionally recognized: S. basutorum Turrill, S. distinctum Kukkonen, S. ecklonii Nees, S. filiforme Kükenthal, S. gracile Chermezon, S. lanceum (Thunberg) Kukenthal, S. lehmannii (Nees) Steudel, S. madagascariense Chermezon, S. perdensum Kukkonen, S. rufum Nees, S. schweickerdtii Merxmiiller Podlech, and S. sparteum (Wahlenberg) Kukenthal. A key to the species is provided and their distribution is roughly outlined. The morphological variation within the species suggests separation of taxa below specific level, or perhaps even at species level, but this will require more detailed information about the ecology, distribution and the cytology.
The genus <i>Capsicum</i> (Solanaceae) in Africa
Authors: Eshbaugh W. H. 
Published: July 2015

The genus Capsicum (Solanaceae) includes approximately 20 wild species and 4-5 domesticated taxa commonly referred to as ‘chilies’ or ‘peppers’. The pre-Colombian distribution of the genus was New World. The evolutionary history of the genus is now envisaged as including three distinct lines leading to the domesticated taxa. The route of Capsicum to the Old World is thought to have followed three different courses. First, explorers introduced it to Europe with secondary introduction into Africa via further exploratory expeditions; second, botanical gardens played a major role in introduction; and third, introduction followed the slave trade routes. Today, pepper production in Africa is of two types, vegetable and spice. Statistical profiles on production are difficult to interpret, but the data available indicate that Nigeria, Egypt, Tunisia and Ghana are the leading producers. Production is mainly a local phenomenon and large acreage is seldom devoted to the growing of peppers. The primary peppers in Africa are C. annuum and C. frutescens.
Studies of diagnostic features in the genus <i>Hypoxis</i> L. (Hypoxidaceae R. Br.) on the Witwatersrand
Authors: Heideman M. E. 
Published: July 2015

In an attempt to clarify specific concepts in the genus Hypoxis L. on the Witwatersrand it was found that diagnosis depends mostly on vegetative characters, particularly the habit, leaf vesture and venation, and the structure of the inflorescences. The relevant criteria are discussed in relationship to the Witwatersrand species, where eleven species and seven varieties are recognized: H. rigidula Bak. (a) var. rigidula, (b) var. pilosissima Bak.; H. acuminata Bak.; H. filiformis Bak.; H. obtusa Burch.; H. neliana Schinz; //. latifolia Hook. f.; H. galpinii Bak.; H. multiceps Buch. ex Bak.; H. interjecta Nel; H. rooperi Moore; H. argentea Harv. ex Bak. (a) var. argentea, (b) var. sericea Bak.; and two varieties which constitute comb, et stat. novs, unpublished as yet.
Exotic woody plant invaders of the Transvaal
Authors: Henderson L. , Musil K. J. 
Published: July 2015

The frequency and abundance o ;f exotic, woody plant invaders were recorded in 60% of the quarter degree squares in the study area. Sixty-one invaders were encountered o f which the most important and aggressive were Acacia dealbaia, Populus spp., Melia azedarach, Opuntia ficus-indica, Salix babylonica and Acacia mearnsii. Invasion patterns are discussed and an attempt is made to correlate distribution with environmental factors. Attention is drawn to the areas of greatest invasion and the areas that are liable to show the greatest expansion in the future.
The genus Rubus in South Africa. II. Meiotic chromosome behaviour
Authors: Spies J. J. , Du Plessis H. , Liebenberg H. 
Published: July 2015

Meiotic chromosome behaviour in the genus Rubus is relatively normal Polyploidy occurs in both South African subgenera, i.e. Eubatus and Idaeobatus. The subgenus Eubatus contains plants tending mostly towards autoploidy. whereas the subgenus Idaeobatus varies from autoploid, through segmental alloploid to alloploid. It is concluded that this apparent difference might be due to the study of a statistically insufficient number of plants and that alloploidy originated from imersubgeneric hybridization.
Leaf anatomy of the South African Danthonieae (Poaceae). XI. <i>Penta­ meris longiglumis</i> and <i>Pentameris</i>sp. nov.
Authors: Ellis R. P. 
Published: July 2015

The leaf blade anatomy of Pentameris longiglumis (Nees) Stapf and that of an undescribed Pentameris species is described and illustrated by means of photomicrographs. It is shown that the anatomical structure of the leaves of the new Pentameris species in particular, both transverse sections and abaxial epidermal scrapes, resembles closely that of species placed in the genus Pseudopentameris. This anatomical resemblance is closer than that with any Pentameris species. It appears, therefore, as if transfer of this new species to Pseudopentameris is justified on the anatomical evidence and this indication must be followed up by morphological studies. Pentameris longiglumis shows close anatomical resemblance to P. macrocalycina (Steud.) Schweick. and P. obtusifolta (Hochst.)Schweick. and should be classified with these taxa.
Leaf anatomy of the South African Danthonieae (Poaceae). XIII. <i>Pentameris</i> macrocalycina and P. obtusifolia
Authors: Ellis R. P. 
Published: July 2015

The leaf blade anatomy of Peniameris macrocalycina (Steud.) Schweick. and P. obtusifolia (Hochst,) Schweick. is described and illustrated. The leaf anatomy of these two species shows many similarities suggesting a close relationship between them. A slight problem appears to exist with the circumscription of P. obtusifolia and a minor taxonomic adjustment may result in a classification which agrees totally with that based on leaf anatomy. This would result in details of the leaf outline being diagnostic for these two taxa. The nomenclature of P. obtusifolia is also very confusing and clarification is needed by reference to the relevant type specimens. P. macrocalycina and P. obtusifolia together with P. longiglumis (Nees) Stapf, appear to form a distinct genus and do not bear close anatomical resemblances to either P. thuarri Beauv. or P. dregeana Stapf.
The genus <i>Rubus</i> in South Africa. I. Chromosome numbers and geographical distribution of species
Authors: Spies J. J. , Du Plessis H. Du 
Published: July 2015

The geographical distribution of 14 of the Rubus species in South Africa is presented. Chromosome numbers of nine of the species were determined: six for the first time, one is confirmed and additional polyploid levels are described for the other two species. It is demonstrated that the South African species of the subgenus Idaeobatus contain less diploid specimens and more polyploid specimens than their extra-African counterparts. This phenomenon could be attributed to hybridization between the subgenera Eubatus and Idaeobatus.
The <i>Eriosema squarrosum</i> complex (Papilionoideae, Fabaceae) in southern Africa
Authors: Stirton C. H. 
Published: July 2015

Eriosema squarrosum (Thunb.) Walp. has traditionally been the dumping ground for all densely pubescent Eriosema species in southern Africa. This study clarifies the identity of E. squarrosum; recognizes three new taxa: E. luteopetalum C. H. Stirton, E. rossii C. H. Stirton and E. umtamvunense C. H. Stirton; effects the combinations E. latifolium (Benth. ex Harv.) C. H. Stirton and . acuminatum (Eckl. Zeyh.) C. H. Stirton; and re­instates E. dregei E. Mey. The species E. preptum C. H. Stirton, described earlier, also belongs to this complex. Rhynchosia barbertonensis C. H. Stirton is given as a new name for E. rogersii Schinz.
Studies in the genus <i>Riccia</i> (Marchantiales) from southern Africa. 5. <i>R. rosea</i>, a new species
Authors: Volk O. H. , Perold S. M. 
Published: July 2015

A new species of Riccia, R. rosea Volk Perold of the group 'Squamatae', section Riccia. subgenus Riccia. is described. It is endemic to southern Africa and is characterized by large ventral scales with hyaline margins and reddish pink to deep rose-pink bases, and bv the light green dorsal colour of the thallus. fading to white along the margins and older parts. Fertile male plants have prominent hyaline ostioles. The spores are globular or subglobular and apolar. with 9-11 well defined areolae across the diameter.
Studies in the genus <i>Riccia</i> (Marchantiales) from southern Africa. 6. <i>R. hirsuta</i>, a new species, in a new section
Authors: Volk O. H. , Perold S. M. 
Published: July 2015

Riccia hirsuta Volk Perold, sp. nov., the type species of a new section, Micantes Volk Perold, subgenus Spongodes (Nees) Volk is described. It is characterized by tall, dorsal, hair-like, multi-cellular outgrowths from an epidermis with distant air-pores, leading to polyhedral air-chambers below, and is the only species in this subgenus with these outgrowths. The ventral scales are triangular, apically splitting into long, hair-like appendages. This species is endemic to the north-west and central Cape Province.
Studies in the genus <i>Riccia</i> (Marchantiales) from southern Africa. 7. <i>R. congoana</i> and its synonyms
Authors: Perold S. M. 
Published: July 2015

R. congoana Steph. is described and illustrated. R. rhodesiae S. Arnell. R. nigrosquarnata E. W. Jones and R. aegyptiaca S. Arnell are treated as synonyms under R. congoana. R. congoana has a wide distribution in Africa, ranging from Egypt in the north to SWA/Namibia and Transvaal in the south, and from Sierra Leone in the west to Tanzania in the east.
Numerical taxonomic studies in the subtribe Ruschiinae (Mesem-bryanthemaceae) — <i>Astridia</i>, <i>Acrodon</i> and <i>Ebracteola</i>
Authors: Glen H. F. 
Published: July 2015

A numerical taxonomic study of three genera of the Ruschiinae (Mesembryanthemaceae) is presented. Seven species are recognized in Astridia. Four species are recognized in Acrodon and two new combinations are made:A. leptophyllus (L. Bol.) Glen and A. duplessiae (L. Bol.) Glen. Five species are recognized in Ebracteola and two new combinations are made: E. wilmaniae (L. Bol.) Glen and E. fulleri (L. Bol.) Glen. This study is largely based on the cited herbarium material, and the characters used are mainly the following: dimensions of plants, leaves and internodes, number and dimensions of parts of flower and fruit, colour of petals, and colour, dimensions and surface structure of seeds.