bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quadriceps Strength, Muscle Activation Failure, and Patient-Reported Function at the Time of Return to Activity in Patients Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Lepley Lindsey K. , Palmieri-Smith Riann M. 
Published: October 2015

Study Design Cross-sectional. Objectives To determine if quadriceps activation failure (QAF) moderates the relationship between quadriceps strength and physical function in individuals following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Background Quadriceps activation failure may impair the recovery of physical function after ACL reconstruction, given that QAF reduces strength and strength is related to physical function. Evidence of this relationship has been found in individuals with knee osteoarthritis, wherein patients with lower strength and greater QAF had lower levels of physical function. Methods Participants consisted of 52 individuals who were cleared for return to activity at an average ± SD of 7.4 ± 1.2 months post-ACL reconstruction. Quadriceps activation failure was assessed using the superimposed burst technique, and quadriceps strength was assessed using concentric isokinetic contractions (Newton meters per kilogram). Physical function was quantified using a combined variable of a physical measure (single-leg hop for distance) and a self-reported function measure (International Knee Documentation Committee [IKDC] Subjective Knee Evaluation Form), calculated using a principal-component analysis. Simple correlations were then performed to determine the order in which variables were entered into the regression model to evaluate if QAF moderates the relationship between quadriceps strength and physical function. Results The combination of quadriceps strength and the interaction of strength by QAF predicted 30% of the variance in physical function (R2 = 0.30, P<.001; principal-component analysis, −0.61strength + 0.02interaction −1.896); however, the interaction of strength by QAF only accounted for 7% of the capabilities of the model (P = .023). Conclusion Physical function is largely influenced by the recovery of quadriceps strength and minimally attenuated by QAF. These data suggest that QAF may affect individuals post-ACL reconstruction differently, and to a lesser extent, than individuals with knee osteoarthritis. This trial was prospectively registered in a public registry (NCT01555567). J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2015;45(12):1017–1025. Epub 15 Oct 2015. doi:10.2519/jospt.2015.5753
Eccentric or Concentric Exercises for the Treatment of Tendinopathies?
Authors: Couppé Christian , Svensson René B. , Silbernagel Karin Grävare , Langberg Henning , Magnusson S. Peter 
Published: October 2015

Synopsis Tendinopathy is a very common disorder in both recreational and elite athletes. Many individuals have recurrent symptoms that lead to chronic conditions and termination of sports activity. Exercise has become a popular and somewhat efficacious treatment regime, and isolated eccentric exercise has been particularly promoted. In this clinical commentary, we review the relevant evidence for different exercise regimes in tendinopathy rehabilitation, with particular focus on the applied loads that are experienced by the tendon and how the exercise regime may affect these applied loads. There is no convincing clinical evidence to demonstrate that isolated eccentric loading exercise improves clinical outcomes more than other loading therapies. However, the great variation and sometimes insufficient reporting of the details of treatment protocols may hamper the interpretation of what may be the optimal exercise regime with respect to parameters such as load magnitude, speed of movement, and recovery period between exercise sessions. Future studies should control for these loading parameters, evaluate various exercise dosages, and think beyond isolated eccentric exercises to arrive at firm recommendations regarding rehabilitation of individuals with tendinopathies. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2015;45(11):853–863. Epub 14 Oct 2015. doi:10.2519/jospt.2015.5910
Outcome Evaluation in Tendinopathy: Foundations of Assessment and a Summary of Selected Measures
Authors: Macdermid Joy C. , Silbernagel Karin Grävare 
Published: October 2015

Synopsis Clinical measurement studies that address outcome evaluation for patients with tendinopathy should consider conceptual, clinical, practical, and measurement issues to guide the selection of valid measures. Clinical outcomes reported in research studies can provide benchmarks that assist with interpretation of scores during clinical decision making. Given the pathophysiology and functional impacts of tendinopathy, there is a need for outcome measures that assess physical impairments, activity performance, and patient-reported symptoms and function. Tendinopathy-specific patient-reported outcome measures have been shown to be superior to more generic tools for some conditions, such as lateral epicondyle tendinopathy (Patient-Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation) and Achilles tendinopathy (Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment-Achilles), whereas both generic shoulder outcome measures and disease-specific measures perform similarly in individuals with rotator cuff tendinopathy. A patient-reported outcome measure that captures pain and limitation in function should be fundamental to outcome evaluation in patients with tendinopathy. The current measurement literature does not yet provide comprehensive empirical data to define optimal outcome measures for all types of tendinopathy. This article reviews concepts, instruments, and measurement properties that should provide clinicians with a foundation for assessment of condition severity and treatment outcomes in patients with tendinopathy. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2015;45(11):950–964. Epub 15 Oct 2015. doi:10.2519/jospt.2015.6054
Brain injury in sports
Authors: Lloyd John , Conidi Frank 
Published: October 2015

OBJECT
Helmets are used for sports, military, and transportation to protect against impact forces and associated injuries. The common belief among end users is that the helmet protects the whole head, including the brain. However, current consensus among biomechanists and sports neurologists indicates that helmets do not provide significant protection against concussion and brain injuries. In this paper the authors present existing scientific evidence on the mechanisms underlying traumatic head and brain injuries, along with a biomechanical evaluation of 21 current and retired football helmets.

METHODS
The National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment (NOCSAE) standard test apparatus was modified and validated for impact testing of protective headwear to include the measurement of both linear and angular kinematics. From a drop height of 2.0 m onto a flat steel anvil, each football helmet was impacted 5 times in the occipital area.

RESULTS
Skull fracture risk was determined for each of the current varsity football helmets by calculating the percentage reduction in linear acceleration relative to a 140-g skull fracture threshold. Risk of subdural hematoma was determined by calculating the percentage reduction in angular acceleration relative to the bridging vein failure threshold, computed as a function of impact duration. Ranking the helmets according to their performance under these criteria, the authors determined that the Schutt Vengeance performed the best overall.

CONCLUSIONS
The study findings demonstrated that not all football helmets provide equal or adequate protection against either focal head injuries or traumatic brain injuries. In fact, some of the most popular helmets on the field ranked among the worst. While protection is improving, none of the current or retired varsity football helmets can provide absolute protection against brain injuries, including concussions and subdural hematomas. To maximize protection against head and brain injuries for football players of all ages, the authors propose thresholds for all sports helmets based on a peak linear acceleration no greater than 90 g and a peak angular acceleration not exceeding 1700 rad/sec2.
Deficiency of tenascin-C and attenuation of blood-brain barrier disruption following experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage in mice
Authors: Fujimoto Masashi , Shiba Masato , Kawakita Fumihiro , Liu Lei , Shimojo Naoshi , Imanaka-Yoshida Kyoko , Yoshida Toshimichi , Suzuki Hidenori 
Published: October 2015

OBJECT
Tenascin-C (TNC), a matricellular protein, is induced in the brain following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The authors investigated if TNC causes brain edema and blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption following experimental SAH.

METHODS
C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) or TNC knockout (TNKO) mice were subjected to SAH by endovascular puncture. Ninety-seven mice were randomly allocated to WT sham-operated (n = 16), TNKO sham-operated (n = 16), WT SAH (n = 34), and TNKO SAH (n = 31) groups. Mice were examined by means of neuroscore and brain water content 24–48 hours post-SAH; and Evans blue dye extravasation and Western blotting of TNC, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, and zona occludens (ZO)-1 at 24 hours post-SAH. As a separate study, 16 mice were randomized to WT sham-operated, TNKO sham-operated, WT SAH, and TNKO SAH groups (n = 4 in each group), and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) was immunohistochemically evaluated at 24 hours post-SAH. Moreover, 40 TNKO mice randomly received an intracerebroventricular injection of TNC or phosphate-buffered saline, and effects of exogenous TNC on brain edema and BBB disruption following SAH were studied.

RESULTS
Deficiency of endogenous TNC prevented neurological impairments, brain edema formation, and BBB disruption following SAH; it was also associated with the inhibition of both MMP-9 induction and ZO-1 degradation. Endogenous TNC deficiency also inhibited post-SAH MAPK activation in brain capillary endothelial cells. Exogenous TNC treatment abolished the neuroprotective effects shown in TNKO mice with SAH.

CONCLUSIONS
Tenascin-C may be an important mediator in the development of brain edema and BBB disruption following SAH, mechanisms for which may involve MAPK-mediated MMP-9 induction and ZO-1 degradation. TNC could be a molecular target against which to develop new therapies for SAH-induced brain injuries.
The Risk of Tuberculosis in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis Treated with Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Antagonist: A Metaanalysis of Both Randomized Controlled Trials and Registry/Cohort Studies
Authors: Ai Jing-Wen , Zhang Shu , Ruan Qiao-Ling , Yu Yi-Qi , Zhang Bing-Yan , Liu Qi-Hui , Zhang Wen-Hong 
Published: October 2015

Objective.Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) antagonists have significantly improved treatment results in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but have also increased the risk of tuberculosis (TB). Etanercept (ETN), adalimumab (ADA), infliximab (IFX), golimumab, and certolizumab pegol are the 5 drugs currently available on the market. This article aimed to evaluate the risk of TB infection from these 5 drugs for patients with RA.Methods.We searched PubMed, EMBASE, COCHRANE library, OVID, and EBSCO for randomized controlled trials (RCT) of TNF-α antagonist versus control and registry/longitudinal cohort studies of 1 TNF-α antagonist versus another. The Mantel-Haenszel test was adopted to analyze risk ratio (RR) in this metaanalysis.Results.Fifty RCT and 13 non-RCT were included in this study. No significant difference in TB risk was found in the RCT because of the short observational periods. In the non-RCT, TNF-α antagonist was associated with a higher TB risk in patients with RA (RR 4.03, 95% CI 2.36–6.88), and the TB incidence rates of IFX and ADA were 2.78 and 3.88 times, respectively, higher than that of ETN. Further, preventive treatment for latent TB infection (LTBI) was shown to reduce the TB risk by 65% (RR 0.35, 95% CI 0.15–0.82).Conclusion.This study demonstrated a significant increase in TB risk in patients with RA treated with TNF-α antagonists; among them, ETN is least likely to cause active TB. The study also proposes the necessity of LTBI prophylaxis in patients with RA.
De l’humanisme au nihilisme : une dialectique sur la théorie du caring de Jean Watson
Authors: Krol Pawel J. , Lavoie Mireille 
Published: October 2015

Introduction : la pratique des soins infirmiers d’aujourd’hui hérite d’une longue et complexe évolution de valeurs. Outre les valeurs traditionnellement humaines de soigner, la pratique infirmière intègre aussi des valeurs qui façonnent le monde « moderne ». Cependant, certaines valeurs traditionnelles de soin humain sont progressivement supprimées au profit de valeurs qui émanent des idéologies « modernes ». Face à ce constat inquiétant, et parmi l’éventail de solutions proposées, certains auteurs promeuvent l’humanisation des systèmes sanitaires à l’aide de la théorie du caring de Jean Watson. Or, plusieurs critiques interrogent la cohérence, voire la légitimité même de cette théorie pour faire face à l’instrumentalisation. Objectifs et méthode : cette étude a analysé la théorie de Watson à partir d’une démarche philosophique dialectique afin de clarifier les débats, de contribuer à son développement éventuel, mais surtout pour tester ces affirmations et proposer d’éventuelles voies de solution. Résultats : la mise à l’épreuve dialectique montre des écueils de cohérence et de pertinence importants conduisant à la réfutation du projet d’humanisation inscrit à même cette théorie. Discussion et conclusion : cette étude recommande une voie alternative à l’instrumentalisation - une pratique fondée dans une éthique nietzschéenne de la vie, qui découle de la synthèse des dialectiques et qui favorise un retour à et un respect de la nature même de l’être humain.
DEMOGRAPHICAL, VIRO-IMMUNOLOGICAL, CLINICAL AND THERAPEUTICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF HIV INFECTED PATIENTS IN A “EPIDEMIOLOGICALLY UNEXPLORED” REGION OF ITALY (CALABRIA REGION): THE CALABRHIV COHORT.
Authors: Postorino Maria Concetta , Luciani Filippo , Mangano Carmelo , Carpentieri Maria Stella , Scerbo Paolo , Priamo Armando , Berardelli Giuseppina , Marino Roberto , Vallone Alfredo , Serrao Nicola , Pisani Vincenzo , Costa Chiara , Terremoto Albano , Foti Giuseppe , Cosco Lucio , Calderazzo Massimo , Corigliano Domenico , Scordo Preziosa , Torti Carlo , Strazzulla Alessio 
Published: October 2015

Background and Objectives HIV epidemics may differ among epidemiological contexts. We aimed at constructing an HIV clinical cohort whose main epidemiological, clinical and therapeutical characteristics are described (the CalabrHIV cohort, Calabria Region, Southern Italy). Methods The CalabrHIV cohort includes all HIV patients on active follow-up in all infectious disease centers in the Calabria Region as at October 2014. All information were recorded in a common electronic database. Not-infectious co-morbidities (such as cardiovascular diseases, bone fractures, diabetes, renal failure and hypertension) were also studied. Results 548 patients (68% males; 63% aged <50 years) were included in the CalabrHIV cohort. Major risk factors: sexual transmission (49%) and intravenous drug use (34%). 39% patients had HCV and/or HBV co-infection. An high percentage of late presenters was observed (68.4% patients with CD4+ nadir <350/mm3and 38.5% patients with AIDS at baseline). 83% patients on HAART had actually undetectable HIV-RNA. Hypertension was the most frequent co-morbidity (21.5%). Multi-morbidity was more frequent in >50 years-old patients than in <50 years-old ones (30% vs. 6%; p<0.0001). Co-morbidity was more frequent in HCV and/or HBV co-infected than in HIV mono-infected patients (46.6% vs. 31.7%: p=0.0006). Conclusion This cohort presentation study sheds light, for the first time, on HIV patients’ characteristics in the Calabria Region. Despite a small number of officially reported cases, the size of the cohort was substantial. We showed that HIV infected patients with chronic hepatites, were affected by concomitant not-infectious co-morbidities more than the HIV mono-infected individuals. New HCV treatments are eagerly awaited.
Narración, espacio y emplazamiento turístico en el cine español de ficción (1951 – 1977)
Authors: Nieto Ferrando Jorge , Del Rey Reguillo Antonia , Afinoguenova Eugenia 
Published: October 2015

La importancia de la industria turística en España es incuestionable. Mucho antes de la aparición de las denominadas film commissions ya puede apreciarse un uso del audiovisual, y en concreto del cine, como instrumento de promoción de los destinos turísticos. Partiendo de esta premisa, el objetivo de la presente investigación es el análisis del espacio turístico como producto emplazado en la estructura narrativa y dramática de las películas de temática turística producidas durante los años de actuación del Ministerio de Información y Turismo (1951 – 1977). Nos situamos, por tanto, en el ámbito del análisis de la narración audiovisual. Los resultados muestran cómo el espacio turístico se concreta en vista turística, se le atribuyen una serie de valores intangibles, en ocasiones por contraste con otros espacios, y puede actuar como digresión respecto a la historia o estar plenamente integrado en su estructura dramática.
De la fotogrametría a la difusión del patrimonio arqueológico mediante game engines: Menga un caso de estudio
Authors: Caro José L. , Hansen Salvador 
Published: October 2015

<p>Everyone knows the importance of new technologies and the growth they have had in mobile devices. Today in the field of study and dissemination of cultural heritage (including archaeological), the use of digital 3D models and associated technologies are a tool to increase the registration quality and consequently a better basis for interpretation and dissemination for cultural tourism, education and research. Within this area is gaining positions photogrammetry over other technologies due to its low cost. We can generate 3D models from forografí as through a set of algorithms that are able to obtain very approximate models and very realistic textures. In this paper we propose the use of game-engines to incorporate one element diffusion: the ability to navigate the 3D model realistically. As a case study we use a Menga dolmen that will serve as a study and demonstration of the techniques employed. </p>
Advancing Industrial Relations Theory: An Analytical Synthesis of British-American and Pluralist-Radical Ideas
Authors: Kaufman Bruce E. , Gall Gregor 
Published: October 2015

Prominent writers in industrial relations (IR) have concluded the field is in significant decline, partly because of a failed theory base. The theory problem is deepened because other writers conclude developing a theory foundation for industrial relations is neither possible nor desirable. We believe advancing IR theory is both needed and possible, and take up the challenge in this paper.A long-standing problem in theorizing industrial relations has been the lack of agreement on the field’s core analytical construct. However, in the last two decades writers have increasingly agreed the field is centred on the employment relationship. Another long-standing problem is that writers have theorized industrial relations using different theoretical frames of reference, including pluralist and radical-Marxist; different disciplinary perspectives, such as economics, sociology, history, and politics; and from different national traditions, such as British, French, and American.In this paper, we seek to advance IR theory and better integrate paradigms and national traditions. We do this by developing an analytical explanation for four core features of the employment relationship—generation of an economic surplus, cooperation-conflict dialectic, indeterminate nature of the employment contract, and asymmetric authority and power in the firm—using an integrative mix of ideas and concepts from the pluralist and radical-Marxist streams presented in a multi-part diagram constructed with marginalist tools from conventional economics. The diagram includes central IR system components, such as labour market, hierarchical firm, macro-economy, and nation state government. The model is used to explain the four features of the employment relationship and derive implications for IR theory and practice. Examples include the diagrammatic representation of the size and distribution of the economic surplus, a new analytical representation of labour exploitation, identification of labour supply conditions that encourage, respectively, cooperation versus conflict, and demonstration of how inequality of bargaining power in labour markets contributes to macroeconomic stagnation and unemployment.
The Economic Impact of the Great Recession on Aboriginal People Living off Reserve in Canada
Authors: Lamb Danielle 
Published: October 2015

The present analysis seeks to examine whether the 2008 recession had a differential impact on Aboriginal as compared to non-Aboriginal Canadians as measured by the differences in the probability of unemployment between the two groups. Specifically, the present study tests two hypotheses: 1- Aboriginal people have been disproportionately burdened by the Great Recession as compared to non-Aboriginal people, and as a consequence; 2- Aboriginal people are more likely than non-Aboriginal people to be discouraged workers.
The study uses data obtained from the master files of the Canadian Labour Force Survey for the years 2007 to 2012 inclusive to estimate the probability that an individual is unemployed based on a set of observable characteristics for a sample of labour force participants. The methodology begins by estimating a pooled model across all years, which includes controls for Aboriginal identity. Secondly, individual models of the probability of unemployment are estimated for each year for Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal labour force participants. The difference in the probability of unemployment from pooled models estimated separately for Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal peoples are decomposed to reveal the proportion of the gap that is due to differences in observable characteristics between the two groups and the amount of the gap that is attributable to differential returns to those characteristics. To investigate the second hypothesis, the study estimates the probability that a respondent is a discouraged worker based on the entire sample of both economically active and inactive persons (i.e. labour force participants and well as those not in the labour force).
The results of both the pooled and individual models of the probability of unemployment support the first hypothesis, that Aboriginal peoples were disproportionately burdened by the 2008 recession as seen in higher and more enduring probabilities of unemployment. By the 2012, estimated unemployment rates had roughly returned to their pre-recessionary levels for Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal respondents with strongest labour force attachments. When individuals with weaker labour force attachments (i.e. those who have been unemployed for more than twelve months) are included in the analysis, the gap between the probability of unemployment for Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal persons widens. Furthermore, the second hypothesis, that Aboriginal people are more likely to be discouraged workers, was supported, as Aboriginal people were more likely to be discouraged workers in 2008-2010 and 2012.