bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The power of low‐resolution spectroscopy: On the spectral classification of planet candidates in the ground‐based CoRoT follow‐up
Authors: Ammler‐von Eiff M. , Sebastian D. , Guenther E. W. , Stecklum B. , Cabrera J. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractPlanetary transits detected by the CoRoT mission can be mimicked by a low‐mass star in orbit around a giant star. Spectral classification helps to identify the giant stars and also early‐type stars which are often excluded from further follow‐up. We study the potential and the limitations of low‐resolution spectroscopy to improve the photometric spectral types of CoRoT candidates. In particular, we want to study the influence of the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of the target spectrum in a quantitative way. We built an own template library and investigate whether a template library from the literature is able to reproduce the classifications. Including previous photometric estimates, we show how the additional spectroscopic information improves the constraints on spectral type. Low‐resolution spectroscopy (R ≈ 1000) of 42 CoRoT targets covering a wide range in SNR (1–437) and of 149 templates was obtained in 2012–2013 with the Nasmyth spectrograph at the Tautenburg 2 m telescope. Spectral types have been derived automatically by comparing with the observed template spectra. The classification has been repeated with the external CFLIB library. The spectral class obtained with the external library agrees within a few sub‐classes when the target spectrum has a SNR of about 100 at least. While the photometric spectral type can deviate by an entire spectral class, the photometric luminosity classification is as close as a spectroscopic classification with the external library. A low SNR of the target spectrum limits the attainable accuracy of classification more strongly than the use of external templates or photometry. Furthermore we found that low‐resolution reconnaissance spectroscopy ensures that good planet candidates are kept that would otherwise be discarded based on photometric spectral type alone. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Einsatz von Kohlenstoffnanoröhren im Straßenbeton zur Selbstüberwachung
Authors: Ge Zhi , Wang Dawei , Sun Renjuan , Oeser Markus 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIm Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurden selbstüberwachende Probekörper aus Zement mit mehrlagigen Kohlenstoffnanoröhren (multiwall carbon nanotubes MWCNT) hergestellt und einer zyklischen Belastung unterzogen. Der elastische Widerstand und die Piezoresistivität der Probekörper wurden bei unterschiedlicher Temperatur und verschiedenen Wassergehalten untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass mit steigender Temperatur der elektrische Widerstand und die Piezoresistivität sinken. Mit erhöhtem Wassergehalt verringert sich der elektrische Widerstand, während die Piezoresistivität erst zu‐ und dann abnimmt. Die Hauptursache für die Änderung des spezifischen Widerstandes und der Piezoresistivität ist die Veränderung der Tunnelleitung unter verschiedenen Bedingungen. Der Zusammenhang zwischen Wassergehalt, Temperatur und der Resistivitätsänderung konnte mit einer Regressionsfunktion bei einem korrigierten Bestimmtheitsmaß R2 von 0,92 dargestellt werden.Carbon nanotube‐cement composite for self‐sensing concrete pavementSelf‐sensing materials could sense their own strain and damages without sensors. Smart concrete pavement made with cement based self‐sensing materials could achieve in‐situ monitoring for both structural integrity and traffic characteristics. This paper studied the electrical resistivity and piezoresistivity of cement with multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) under cyclic loading. Effects of temperature and water content on both resistivity and piezoresistivity were investigated. Test results show that the resistivity decreased as the water content increased. Differently, the piezoresistivity and change in resistance first increased and then decreased. Temperature had significant effect on resistivity and piezoresistivity. As the temperature increased, resistivity decreased but the piezoresistivity increased. The major cause of the change in resistivity and piezoresistivity was the change of tunneling conduction under different conditions. The relationship between water content, temperature and the resistivity could be accurately represented with a regression function with an R2 of 0.92. Therefore, the data collected by self‐sensing materials must be calibrated for the water content and temperature before interpretation.
Single nucleotide polymorphism detection using gold nanoprobes and bio‐microfluidic platform with embedded microlenses
Authors: Bernacka‐Wojcik Iwona , Águas Hugo , Carlos Fabio Ferreira , Lopes Paulo , Wojcik Pawel Jerzy , Costa Mafalda Nascimento , Veigas Bruno , Igreja Rui , Fortunato Elvira , Baptista Pedro Viana , Martins Rodrigo 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTThe use of microfluidics platforms combined with the optimal optical properties of gold nanoparticles has found plenty of application in molecular biosensing. This paper describes a bio‐microfluidic platform coupled to a non‐cross‐linking colorimetric gold nanoprobe assay to detect a single nucleotide polymorphism associated with increased risk of obesity fat‐mass and obesity‐associated (FTO) rs9939609 (Carlos et al., 2014). The system enabled significant discrimination between positive and negative assays using a target DNA concentration of 5 ng/µL below the limit of detection of the conventionally used microplate reader (i.e., 15 ng/µL) with 10 times lower solution volume (i.e., 3 µL). A set of optimization of our previously reported bio‐microfluidic platform (Bernacka‐Wojcik et al., 2013) resulted in a 160% improvement of colorimetric analysis results. Incorporation of planar microlenses increased 6 times signal‐to‐loss ratio reaching the output optical fiber improving by 34% the colorimetric analysis of gold nanoparticles, while the implementation of an optoelectronic acquisition system yielded increased accuracy and reduced noise. The microfluidic chip was also integrated with a miniature fiber spectrometer to analyze the assays’ colorimetric changes and also the LEDs transmission spectra when illuminating through various solutions. Furthermore, by coupling an optical microscope to a digital camera with a long exposure time (30 s), we could visualise the different scatter intensities of gold nanoparticles within channels following salt addition. These intensities correlate well to the expected difference in aggregation between FTO positive (none to small aggregates) and negative samples (large aggregates). Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 1210–1219. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Perioperative neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio and postoperative NSAID use as predictors of survival after lung cancer surgery: a retrospective study
Authors: Choi Jae Eun , Villarreal John , Lasala Javier , Gottumukkala Vijaya , Mehran Reza J. , Rice David , Yu Jun , Feng Lei , Cata Juan P. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe association between neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and poor long‐term outcomes in patients with non–small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been demonstrated in numerous studies. The benefit of perioperative administration of anti‐inflammatory drugs on these outcomes has not been well established. Our aim in this retrospective study was to investigate the effects of postoperative nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID) administration and NLR on tumor recurrence and survival in patients' undergoing surgical resection for NSCLC. This retrospective study included perioperative data from 1139 patients who underwent surgical resection for stages I–III NSCLC. Perioperative data such as baseline characteristics, adjuvant or neoadjuvant therapy, pre‐ and postoperative NLR, and NSAID use (ketorolac, ibuprofen, celecoxib, or in combination) were included. We evaluated the association between preoperative NLR and NSAID use on recurrence‐free (RFS) and overall survival (OS). In all, 563 patients received an NSAID as a part of their postoperative management. The majority of patients received ketorolac (n = 374, 67.16%). Ketorolac administration was marginally associated with better OS (P = 0.05) but not with RFS (P = 0.38). Multivariate analysis (n = 1139) showed that preoperative NLR >5 was associated with a reduction in RFS (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.37; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.05–1.78; P = 0.02) and OS (HR = 1.69; 95% CI = 1.27–2.23; P = 0.0003). However, after accounting for tumor stage, NLR ≥5 was a predictor of RFS and OS only in patients with stage I NSCLC. To conclude, preoperative NLR was demonstrated to be an independent predictor of RFS and OS in a subset of patients with early stage NSCLC. Ketorolac administration was not found to be an independent predictor of survival.
Can Self‐Determination Theory Explain the Self‐Perpetuation of Social Innovations? A Case Study of Slow Food at the University of Wisconsin—Madison
Authors: Reznickova Anna , Zepeda Lydia 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis case study of Slow Food at the University of Wisconsin—Madison (SFUW) examines the success of a volunteer social innovation that promotes sustainable food access. Using inductive thematic analysis of 19 in‐depth, semi‐structured interviews of past and current members, advisors, and collaborators, we find that the success of SFUW is consistent with Self‐Determination Theory. We find that among the participants, the organization satisfies the basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness, which in turn support intrinsic motivation. In this way, volunteering tasks become interesting, fun, and are more likely to be performed over time. The findings suggest that needs fulfillment and intrinsic motivation are linked to creating a self‐propagating social innovation where volunteers generate new ideas and successfully transfer skills to others. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Heat‐ and Alkaline‐Stable Xylanases: Application, Protein Structure and Engineering
Authors: Chen Chun‐Chi , Ko Tzu‐Ping , Huang Jian‐Wen , Guo Rey‐Ting 
Published: March 2015

AbstractXylan is the most abundant hemicellulosic component, and its degradation is the major step in a wide variety of industrial processes. Xylanases, which are capable of randomly hydrolyzing the β‐1,4‐xylosidic linkages, constitute the key enzymes in xylan decomposition. As xylanases hold a high economic potential in the marketplace, great efforts have been made in search of suitable candidates for the development into commercial products with better performances such as higher specific activity, better thermostability, higher operating temperatures, and a better pH profile. To achieve these goals, the three‐dimensional structural information of xylanases with the extremophilic properties is of pivotal importance. In this review, the current knowledge about heat‐ and alkaline‐stable xylanase structures is summarized, including protein engineering studies and focusing on the glycoside hydrolase families 10 and 11 enzymes. These structures pave the way to understanding the catalytic mechanisms of xylanases and provide an important engineering basis for their industrial applications.
Advanced Mutasynthesis Studies on the Natural α‐Pyrone Antibiotic Myxopyronin from Myxococcus fulvus
Authors: Sahner J. Henning , Sucipto Hilda , Wenzel Silke C. , Groh Matthias , Hartmann Rolf W. , Müller Rolf 
Published: March 2015

AbstractMyxopyronin is a natural α‐pyrone antibiotic from the soil bacterium Myxococcus fulvus Mx f50. Myxopyronin inhibits bacterial RNA polymerase (RNAP) by binding to a part of the enzyme not targeted by the clinically used rifamycins. This mode of action makes myxopyronins promising molecules for the development of novel broad‐spectrum antibacterials. We describe the derivatization of myxopyronins by an advanced mutasynthesis approach as a first step towards this goal. Site‐directed mutagenesis of the biosynthetic machinery was used to block myxopyronin biosynthesis at different stages. The resulting mutants were fed with diverse precursors that mimic the biosynthetic intermediates to restore production. Mutasynthon incorporation and production of novel myxopyronin derivatives were analyzed by HPLC‐MS/MS. This work sets the stage for accessing numerous myxopyronin derivatives, thus significantly expanding the chemical space of f α‐pyrone antibiotics.
Novel and Selective Fluorescent σ2‐Receptor Ligand with a 3,4‐Dihydroisoquinolin‐1‐one Scaffold: A Tool to Study σ2 Receptors in Living Cells
Authors: Niso Mauro , Riganti Chiara , Pati Maria Laura , Ghigo Dario , Berardi Francesco , Abate Carmen 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAlthough sigma‐2 (σ2) receptors are still enigmatic proteins, they are promising targets for tumor treatment and diagnosis. With the aim of clarifying their role in oncology, we developed a σ2‐selective fluorescent tracer (compound 5) as a specific tool to study σ2 receptors. By using flow cytometry with 5, we performed competition binding studies on three different cell lines where we also detected the content of the σ2 receptors, avoiding the inconvenient use of radioligands. Comparison with a previously developed mixed σ1/σ2 fluorescent tracer (1) also allowed for the detection of σ1 receptors within these cells. Results obtained by flow cytometry with tracers 1 and 5 were confirmed by standard methods (western blot for σ1, and Scatchard analysis for σ2 receptors). Thus, we have produced powerful new tools for research on the σ whose reliability and adaptability to a number of fluorescence techniques will be useful to elucidate the roles of σ receptors in oncology.
Using signal detection theory in the analysis of emotional sensitivity of male recidivist offenders
Authors: Barbosa Fernando , Almeida Pedro R. , Ferreira‐Santos Fernando , Marques‐Teixeira João 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackgroundStudy of emotional responses of antisocial individuals has produced inconsistent findings. Some studies report emotional deficits, while others find no differences between people with and without antisocial behaviours.AimsOur aim was to apply signal detection theory methods to compare the sensitivity of antisocial and control participants to emotional stimuli. We hypothesised that offenders would show lower ability to discriminate changes in the level of arousal and valence of emotional stimuli relative to the controls.MethodsSignal detection theory was applied to study the sensitivity of recidivist offenders in prison to emotional arousal and valence induced by pictures. This approach, novel in this context, provides a departure from the usual reliance on self‐report.ResultsOffenders reported higher arousal than controls but showed lower sensitivity to changes between different levels of arousal (whereas no differences were found for valence). Also, offenders showed increased response bias for changes in the levels of arousal, as well as in the higher levels of valence.ConclusionsOur findings show that direct observations of emotional arousal, but not valence, discriminate between recidivist offenders with antisocial personality disorder and non‐offending controls. Use of such approaches is likely to provide more valid data than self‐reports and may prove particularly useful in studies of intervention for recidivists or in assessment of their readiness for release. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Direct Reductive Deoxygenation of Aryl Ketones Catalyzed by Oxo‐Rhenium Complexes
Authors: Fernandes Tiago A. , Bernardo Joana R. , Fernandes Ana C. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe first methodology for the direct reductive deoxygenation of ketones catalyzed by high‐valent oxo‐rhenium complexes by using a silane as reducing agent is described. The systems PhSiH3/[ReOCl3(SMe2)(OPPh3)] (2 mmol/5 mol %) and PhSiH3/[ReOCl3(PPh3)2] (2 mmol/5 mol %) proved to be efficient for the deoxygenation of aryl ketones, producing selectively the corresponding alkane, or a mixture of alkane and alkene derivatives with the alkane as the major product.
In Situ Spectroscopic Investigation of the Rhenium‐Catalyzed Deoxydehydration of Vicinal Diols
Authors: Dethlefsen Johannes R. , Fristrup Peter 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe mechanism of the CH3ReO3‐catalyzed deoxydehydration of a vicinal diol to an alkene driven by oxidation of a secondary alcohol was investigated by time‐resolved, in situ IR spectroscopy and was found to occur in three steps: 1) reduction of the catalytically active methyltrioxorhenium(VII) to a rhenium(V) complex (the rate‐limiting step), 2) condensation of the diol and the rhenium(V) complex to a rhenium(V) diolate, and 3) extrusion of the alkene accompanied by oxidation of the Re center and thus regeneration of CH3ReO3. The reaction follows zero‐order kinetics initially but, unexpectedly, accelerates towards the end, which is explained in terms of a deactivating pre‐equilibrium, in which the catalytically active CH3ReO3 condenses reversibly with the diol to form an inactive rhenium(VII) diolate. This conclusion is supported by the direct observation of a catalytically inactive species as well as DFT calculations of the IR spectra of the relevant compounds.
Catalytic Asymmetric Arylation of 3‐Indolylmethanols: Enantioselective Synthesis of 3,3′‐Bis(indolyl)oxindoles with High Atom Economy
Authors: Sun Xiao‐Xue , Du Bai‐Xiang , Zhang Hong‐Hao , Ji Lei , Shi Feng 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe catalytic enantioselective arylation of 3‐indolylmethanols has been established in an atom‐economic fashion, which assembles isatin‐derived 3‐indolylmethanols and 3‐methylindoles into biologically important 3,3′‐bis(indolyl)oxindoles bearing a quaternary stereogenic center in high yields and good enantioselectivities (≈99 % yield and 91:9 enantiomeric ratio). This reaction also represents the catalytic enantioselective synthesis of 3,3′‐bis(indolyl)oxindoles, which is applicable to a wide range of substrates, yielding a series of chiral 3,3′‐bis‐ (indolyl)oxindoles with structural diversity. Control experiments demonstrated that the NH group in the indole moiety of 3‐indolylmethanol is important in obtaining good enantioselectivity, whereas the NH group of 3‐methylindole plays a crucial role in the reactivity via the hydrogen bonding interaction with the catalyst.
Nafion‐H‐Catalyzed High‐Temperature/High‐Pressure Synthesis of a Triarylmethane in Continuous‐Flow Mode
Authors: Hayden Stephan , Glasnov Toma , Kappe C. Oliver 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe synthesis of (p‐chlorophenyl)diphenylmethane from p‐chlorobenzaldehyde and benzene catalyzed by the super acid Nafion‐H is investigated in a high‐temperature/high‐pressure process window using both batch and continuous‐flow conditions. The reaction is initially studied under sealed‐vessel batch environments using both microwave and conventional heating. The optimized conditions are then translated to a continuous‐flow approach applying Nafion‐H in a packed‐bed reactor. Under both sets of conditions, the triarylmethane is obtained within a few minutes in high yields.
Flocculation Using Polyacrylamide Polymers for Fresh Microalgae
Authors: Mikulec Jozef , Polakovičová Gabriela , Cvengroš Ján 
Published: March 2015

AbstractFlocculation‐sedimentation of five microalgae species was tested with high‐molecular‐weight cationic polyacrylamide flocculants. An apparent difference in the shape of flocculated particles was detected when comparing flocculation with increasing pH of the microalgae culture to that with polyacrylamide. In the case of flocculation with pH adjustment, the surface charge of the cells is neutralized. Polyacrylamides can cause induction of bridging and facilitate sedimentation. Significantly higher flocculation efficiency was found for microalgae with a cylindrical shape and with the ability to form colonies. Overdosing of the flocculant may lead to a reduction in the flocculation efficiency as a result of destabilization of the suspension of charge excess flocculant. If algogenic organic matter was removed, flocculant consumption was drastically reduced and sedimentation of large flocs occurred very fast.
Stability of Three‐Phase Water‐Particle‐Oil Systems
Authors: Polowczyk Izabela , Bastrzyk Anna , Koźlecki Tomasz , Sadowski Zygmunt 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe stability of three‐phase systems consisting of oil and a solid phase dispersed in aqueous solutions is examined. To achieve a sufficiently hydrophobic surface of the solid particles, the surface of glass microspheres was modified with ionic surfactants. The destabilization kinetics profile was determined and the instability index (TSI) was calculated for each sample. In an oil‐free system, destabilization occurred very fast and there were no significant temporal profile changes for the samples modified with both cationic and anionic surfactants. For particles modified with cationic surfactant after the addition of oil, a decrease in TSI values with increasing surfactant concentration was observed as a result of oil agglomeration. Higher TSI values for bare particles modified with anionic surfactant reflected the behavior of oil droplets remaining in solution as they exhibit no attachment to the surface of glass beads.
Electrocatalytic Carbon Dioxide Reduction by Using Cationic Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl–Iridium Complexes with Unsymmetrically Substituted Bipyridine Ligands
Authors: Sypaseuth Fanni D. , Matlachowski Corinna , Weber Manuela , Schwalbe Matthias , Tzschucke C. Christoph 
Published: March 2015

AbstractEight [Ir(bpy)Cp*Cl]+‐type complexes (bpy= bipyridine, Cp*=1,2,3,4,5‐pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) containing differently substituted bipyridine ligands were synthesized and characterized. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) of the complexes in Ar‐saturated acetonitrile solutions showed that the redox behavior of the complexes could be fine tuned by the electronic properties of the substituted bipyridine ligands. Further CV in CO2‐saturated MeCN/H2O (9:1, v/v) solutions showed catalytic currents for CO2 reduction. In controlled potential electrolysis experiments (MeCN/MeOH (1:1, v/v), Eapp=−1.80 V vs Ag/AgCl), all of the complexes showed moderate activity in the electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 with good stability over at least 15 hours. This electrocatalytic process was selective toward formic acid, with only traces of dihydrogen or carbon monoxide and occasionally formaldehyde as byproducts. However, the turnover frequencies and current efficiencies were quite low. No direct correlation between the redox potentials of the complexes and their catalytic activity was observed.
Minimising Research Bottlenecks by Decluttering NMR Spectra
Authors: Aguilar Juan A. , Cassani Julia , Delbianco Martina , Adams Ralph W. , Nilsson Mathias , Morris Gareth A. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe lack of resolving power in everyday NMR produces ambiguous data, causing bottlenecks, lengthening multi‐step projects and increasing the likelihood of making mistakes. Significant impacts can be made in many fields by minimising these problems with the aid of pure shift techniques.
Ionic Conductivity of β‐Cyclodextrin–Polyethylene‐Oxide/Alkali‐Metal‐Salt Complex
Authors: Yang Ling‐Yun , Fu Xiao‐Bin , Chen Tai‐Qiang , Pan Li‐Kun , Ji Peng , Yao Ye‐Feng , Chen Qun 
Published: March 2015

AbstractHighly conductive, crystalline, polymer electrolytes, β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD)–polyethylene oxide (PEO)/LiAsF6 and β‐CD–PEO/NaAsF6, were prepared through supramolecular self‐assembly of PEO, β‐CD, and LiAsF6/NaAsF6. The assembled β‐CDs form nanochannels in which the PEO/X+ (X=Li, Na) complexes are confined. The nanochannels provide a pathway for directional motion of the alkali metal ions and, at the same time, separate the cations and the anions by size exclusion.