bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence of Retropharyngeal Calcific Tendinitis (Longus Colli Tendinitis) in the General Population
Authors: Horowitz Gilad , Ben‐Ari Oded , Brenner Adi , Fliss Dan M. , Wasserzug Oshri 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveTo determine the incidence of retropharyngeal calcific tendinitis (longus colli tendinitis) in a general urban adult population.Study DesignObservational study in a municipal medical center.SettingSingle tertiary referral center.MethodsAll symptomatic patients with a differential diagnosis of retropharyngeal calcific tendinitis underwent fiber‐optic assessment, laboratory studies, and imaging studies. The main outcome measure was the incidence of retropharyngeal calcific tendinitis.ResultsThirteen patients with symptoms suggestive of retropharyngeal calcific tendinitis were evaluated in our institution between January 2008 and December 2011. Final diagnosis was made by means of a computed tomographic scan: 8 patients had retropharyngeal calcific tendinitis, 1 had retropharyngeal abscess, and the remaining 4 had other deep neck infections. The mean annual crude retropharyngeal calcific tendinitis incidence was 0.50 cases per 100,000 person‐years, and the standardized incidence was 1.31 for the age‐matched population.ConclusionsRetropharyngeal calcific tendinitis is not a rare disease and is probably underdiagnosed because symptoms are nonspecific, treating physicians are often unfamiliar with this entity, and it is a self‐limiting pathology.
Use of Panitumumab‐IRDye800 to Image Cutaneous Head and Neck Cancer in Mice
Authors: Heath C. Hope , Deep Nicholas L. , Beck Lauren N. , Day Kristine E. , Sweeny Larissa , Zinn Kurt R. , Huang Conway C. , Rosenthal Eben L. 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveTo assess the feasibility of panitumumab in real‐time fluorescent imaging and histologic processing of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) in mice.DesignA near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe (IRDye800CW) was covalently linked to a monoclonal antibody–targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (panitumumab) or nonspecific IgG and injected into mice bearing flank xenografts from a cSCC cell line (SCC‐13 or SRB‐12; n = 7), human split‐thickness skin grafts (STSGs; n = 3), or a human tumor explant (n = 1). The tumor and lymph nodes were imaged and dissected using fluorescence guidance with the SPY imaging system and verified with a charge‐coupled NIR system. An NIR scanning device (Odyssey) was used to measure fluorescence intensity in histological sections.SubjectsImmunodeficient mice.SettingIn vivo and in vitro imaging lab.ResultsTumor tissue could be delineated from the human STSG with tumor‐to‐background ratios of 4.5 (Pearl) and 3.4 (SPY). Tumor detection was substantially improved with panitumumab‐IRDye800 compared with IgG‐IRDye800. Biopsies positive for fluorescence were assessed by histology and immunohistochemistry (n = 18/18) to confirm the presence of tumor, yielding a 100% sensitivity. Biopsies of nonfluorescent tissue negative for malignancy (n = 18/18) yielded a specificity of 100%. Furthermore, the SPY system was able to detect residual disease as small as 200 µm in diameter. In addition, the Odyssey confirmed fluorescence of microscopic disease (in tumor samples of frozen and paraffin‐embedded histologic specimens) but not in adjacent noncancerous tissue.ConclusionsThese data suggest panitumumab‐IRDye800 may have clinical utility in detection and removal of subclinical cSCC using Food and Drug Administration–approved imaging hardware.
Systematic Assessment of Noise Amplitude Generated by Toys Intended for Young Children
Authors: Mahboubi Hossein , Oliaei Sepehr , Badran Karam W. , Ziai Kasra , Chang Janice , Zardouz Shawn , Shahriari Shawn , Djalilian Hamid R. 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveTo systematically evaluate the noise generated by toys targeted for children and to compare the results over the course of 4 consecutive holiday shopping seasons.Study DesignExperimental study.SettingAcademic medical center.Subjects and MethodsDuring 2008‐2011, more than 200 toys marketed for children older than 6 months were screened for loudness. The toys with sound output of more than 80 dBA at speaker level were retested in a soundproof audiometry booth. The generated sound amplitude of each toy was measured at speaker level and at 30 cm away from the speaker.ResultsNinety different toys were analyzed. The mean (SD) noise amplitude was 100 (8) dBA (range, 80‐121 dBA) at the speaker level and 80 (11) dBA (range, 60‐109 dBA) at 30 cm away from the speaker. Eighty‐eight (98%) had more than an 85‐dBA noise amplitude at speaker level, whereas 19 (26%) had more than an 85‐dBA noise amplitude at a 30‐cm distance. Only the mean noise amplitude at 30 cm significantly declined during the studied period (P <. 001). There was no significant difference in mean noise amplitude of different toys specified for different age groups.ConclusionOur findings demonstrate the persistence of extremely loud toys marketed for very young children. Acoustic trauma from toys remains a potential risk factor for noise‐induced hearing loss in this age group, warranting promotion of public awareness and regulatory considerations for manufacture and marketing of toys.
The Clinical and Audiologic Features of Hearing Loss Due to Mitochondrial Mutations
Authors: Yelverton Joshua C. , Arnos Kathleen , Xia Xia‐Juan , Nance Walter E. , Pandya Arti , Dodson Kelley M. 
Published: March 2013

ObjectivesTo characterize mitochondrial sequence variants present in a nationwide hereditary deafness DNA repository of samples from deaf subjects and to define the clinical presentation and audiometric characteristics of individuals with a mitochondrial sequence variant.Study DesignRetrospective review of results for select mitochondrial mutations performed on DNA samples from subjects compiled from 1997 to 2009.SettingNational hereditary deafness DNA repository.Subjects and MethodsAvailable samples from subjects in the repository were screened to identify those with mitochondrial sequence variants. Clinical data on the nature of mutation, type and severity of the hearing loss, and sex, age at diagnosis, family history of hearing loss, and ethnicity were analyzed.ResultsEighty‐six patients were identified with mitochondrial mutations or 3.5% of the subjects studied. Among those with mitochondrial mutations, 21 (24.4%) had the m.7445A>G substitution, 18 (20.9%) had the m.1555A>G substitution, 18 (20.9%) had the m.961T>G substitution, and 29 (33.7%) had a m.961delT+C(n) complex deletion. The majority of patients had bilateral severe to profound hearing loss. Fifty‐three (62%) patients were female, and a family history of hearing loss was documented in 66 (76.7%) patients. The deafness was recognized prior to 3 years of age in 26 patients.ConclusionMitochondrial deafness in this sample was associated with a variety of genetic mutations and a wide spectrum of clinical presentations. Because of increased aminoglycoside susceptibility associated with some forms of mitochondrial deafness, matrilineal relatives may be at risk in those cases, highlighting the importance of making an accurate diagnosis prior to exposure.
Prevalence and Prediction for Malignancy of Additional Thyroid Nodules Coexisting with Proven Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma
Authors: Choi Sung Yong , Woo Seung Hoon , Shin Jung Hee , Choi Noorie , Son Young‐Ik , Jeong Han‐Sin , Baek Chung‐Hwan , Chung Man Ki 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical efficacy of ultrasonographic (US) classification of additional thyroid nodules coexisting with proven papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC).Study DesignHistorical cohort study.SettingTertiary care institution.Subjects and MethodsIn addition to the prevalence of additional thyroid nodules based on an US classification, the diagnostic accuracy and predictive factors for malignancy were assessed in 300 nodules randomly selected from 300 patients with cytologically proven PTMC who underwent total thyroidectomy.ResultsThe most common thyroid nodules were “indeterminate nodules,” 68.0%, followed by “probably benign nodules,” 20.7%, and “suspicious malignant nodules,” 11.3%. For indeterminate nodules, the malignancy rate was 16.6% (34/204) with disregard to its location, either on the contralateral (15.1%, 16/106) or ipsilateral side (18.4%, 18/98) of the known PTMC (P =. 53). According to univariate and multivariate analyses of clinical and US findings for predictive variables of malignancy in indeterminate nodules, hypoechogenicity was proven to be the sole predictive factor for malignancy (odds ratio 5.62, 95% CI, 2.29‐13.72).ConclusionUS‐based classification of additional thyroid nodules is a useful tool for decision making of the surgical extent in patients with a single PTMC.
Comparison of 2 Different Techniques for Anatomic Reconstruction of the Medial Patellofemoral Ligament
Authors: Kang Huijun , Cao Jianhui , Yu Dahai , Zheng Zhimin , Wang Fei 
Published: March 2013

Background: The comparative clinical outcome of anatomic reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) between the Y-graft technique and C-graft technique for chronic patellar instability is unknown. Hypothesis: Anatomic reconstruction of the MPFL with a Y-graft technique (a Y-shaped graft: femoral fixation first with separate tensioning of the 2 bundles) would yield better clinical results than a C-graft procedure (a C-shaped graft: patellar fixation first with simultaneous tensioning of both bundles) for chronic patellar instability. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Ninety patients with symptomatic chronic patellar dislocations or instability were randomly divided into 2 groups to undergo double-bundle MPFL reconstruction either with the Y-graft technique or C-graft technique. Follow-ups were performed at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively. The patellar stability was evaluated with the apprehension test at follow-up. The patellofemoral morphological characteristics were evaluated on axial computed tomography (CT) scans at 30° of knee flexion, and knee function was evaluated using the Lysholm and Kujala scores preoperatively and at 24 months postoperatively. Results: Forty patients in the Y-graft group and 42 patients in the C-graft group were followed for 24 months. No recurrent dislocation or subluxation was reported in either group. On CT scans, congruence angle, patellar tilt angle, lateral patellar angle, and lateral displacement were restored to the normal range. The mean postoperative Lysholm scores for the Y-graft group and C-graft group were 92.3 ± 3.9 and 88.4 ± 6.8, respectively ( P = .001). The mean postoperative Kujala scores were 95.9 ± 4.7 and 91.3 ± 9.7 for the Y-graft group and C-graft group, respectively ( P = .001), with a good or excellent rate of 97.5% in the Y-graft group compared with 83.3% in the C-graft group ( P = .031). Conclusion: With no patellar redislocations reported, the Y-graft technique for the double-bundle anatomic MPFL reconstruction achieved statistically better knee function than the C-graft procedure at a minimum 2-year follow-up. However, the increase was less than the minimal clinically important difference, and further research is required to demonstrate its meaningful clinical improvement.
Normative Data of Shoulder Activity Level by Age and Sex
Authors: Hepper Clifford Tate , Smith Matthew V. , Steger-May Karen , Brophy Robert H. 
Published: March 2013

Background: The shoulder activity score is a valid and reliable shoulder-specific questionnaire that measures a patient’s shoulder activity level over the previous year. No age- and sex-based normative data exist for the shoulder activity score. Hypothesis: The hypothesis was that age is inversely related to the shoulder activity score in patients with no history of shoulder symptoms or treatment for a shoulder condition. The authors also tested the hypothesis that in the same population of patients, men are more active with their shoulders than women. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Participants in 8 age/sex groups, composed of adults aged 18 years and older in the United States, were surveyed via the Internet by a marketing research firm. Participants completed the shoulder activity score and reported their age, sex, and any history of shoulder symptoms or treatment. The survey was sent to 2773 people, with 2403 people completing the entire survey. Participants with a history of shoulder symptoms or treatment were excluded from this analysis, leaving 1625 patients as healthy controls. Results: The mean shoulder activity score of healthy controls was 8 ± 5 (range, 0-20). Men scored higher on the shoulder activity score than women of the same age group (9 vs 7, respectively; P < .0001). Shoulder activity scores decreased with age in both men and women ( P < .0001). Men were more likely to participate in contact (15% vs 7.4%, respectively; P < .001) and overhead-throwing sports (19% vs 10%, respectively; P < .001) than women. Participation in contact and overhead-throwing sports also decreased with age. Conclusion: In healthy controls, the shoulder activity score decreased with age and was lower in women than in men. Participation in contact and overhead-throwing sports decreased in women and older patients. These normative data are an important baseline for comparing untreated and treated shoulder cohorts to better understand the variance in shoulder activity level and how it may relate to clinical outcomes.
Is Protecting the Healing Ligament Beneficial After Immobilization in External Rotation for an Initial Shoulder Dislocation?
Authors: Itoi Eiji , Hatakeyama Yuji , Itoigawa Yoshiaki , Omi Rei , Shinozaki Nobuhisa , Yamamoto Nobuyuki , Sano Hirotaka 
Published: March 2013

Background: Immobilization in external rotation is one of the treatment options for an initial dislocation of the shoulder. However, it remains unclear how long it takes for a Bankart lesion to heal. Hypothesis: Protection of a healing Bankart lesion from stretching would promote the healing process and decrease the recurrence rate after an initial dislocation of the shoulder. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: This was a multicenter, prospective randomized study. Between January 2005 and August 2009, 109 patients (71 male and 38 female; mean age, 30 years) with an initial traumatic dislocation of the shoulder were enrolled. After 3 weeks of immobilization in external rotation, a shoulder motion restriction band designed to avoid stretching the anteroinferior shoulder capsule was used for 0 weeks (36 patients), 3 weeks (37 patients), or 6 weeks (36 patients). After using the band, patients were allowed to use their shoulders freely, but they were advised to avoid vigorous sport activities for at least 3 months after the injury. Any recurrent dislocation and return to sports were assessed at 2-year follow-up. Results: Of 109 patients, 90 were followed up for 2 years. The compliance rates were 60% to 72% among the groups ( P = .54). The recurrence rate of dislocation was 28% in the 0-week group, 33% in the 3-week group, and 32% in the 6-week group ( P = .88) according to the intention-to-treat analysis, and they were a respective 24%, 28%, and 27% according to the per-protocol analysis ( P = .95). Based on the sport activity level, the recurrence rates for patients involved in contact sports (7/15, 47%) and those involved in noncontact sports (19/51, 37%) were significantly higher than for those not involved in sport activities (2/24, 8.3%) ( P = .0076). Among the 3 groups, there were no significant differences in the recurrence rates. There was no significant difference in the rate of return to sports ( P = .39). Conclusion: No difference in the recurrence rate was seen with the use of a shoulder motion restriction band after 3 weeks of immobilization in external rotation after an initial dislocation of the shoulder.
Outcomes of Endoscopic Gluteus Medius Repair With Minimum 2-Year Follow-up
Authors: Domb Benjamin G. , Botser Itamar , Giordano Brian D. 
Published: March 2013

Background: Gluteus medius tears may be present in as many as 25% of late middle-aged women and 10% of middle-aged men, and they are often misdiagnosed. Outcomes of endoscopic repair of gluteus medius tears have seldom been reported. Purpose: To report the early outcomes of endoscopic repair of partial- and full-thickness gluteus medius tears. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Between April 2009 and January 2010, data were prospectively collected for all patients undergoing endoscopic gluteus medius repair by one of the authors. Inclusion criteria for the study were patients undergoing repair for either high-grade, partial-, or full-thickness tears. Only patients with endoscopic evidence of a gluteus medius tear were treated surgically. In the case of an articular-side tear, a transtendinous repair technique was used, whereas in the presence of a full-thickness tear, the tendon was refixated to the bone directly. Results: A total of 15 patients met the inclusion criteria. The cohort included 14 women and 1 man, with an average age of 58 years (range, 44-74 years). Endoscopically, 6 cases were found to be partial-thickness tears. Nine were either full-thickness tears or near-full-thickness tears, which were completed for the repair. Follow-up was obtained on all patients at an average of 27.9 months postoperatively (range, 24-37 months). Fourteen of the 15 patients showed postoperative improvement in all 4 hip-specific scores used to assess outcome, with an average improvement of more than 30 points for all scores. Satisfaction with the surgery results was reported to be from good to excellent (scores of 7-10 out of 10) in 14 of 15 patients. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that endoscopic surgical repair, whether performed through a transtendinous or full-thickness technique, can be an effective treatment of gluteus medius tears at a minimum follow-up of 2 years. Longer term follow-up studies are necessary to determine whether these therapeutic and functional gains are maintained.
Ophthalmic findings in acute mercury poisoning in adults
Authors: Aslan Lokman , Aslankurt Murat , Bozkurt Selim , Aksoy Adnan , Ozdemir Murat , Gizir Harun , Yasar Ibrahim 
Published: March 2013

The aim of this study is to report ophthalmic findings of acute mercury poisoning in 48 adults referred to emergency department. Full ophthalmologic examination including the best corrected visual acuity, external eye examination, reaction to light, a slit-lamp examination, funduscopy, intraocular pressure measurements, and visual field (VF) and color vision (CV) tests were performed at the presentation and repeated after 6 months. The parametric values of VF test, the mean deviation (MD), and pattern standard deviation (PSD) were recorded in order to compare patients and the 30 healthy controls. The mean parameter of color confusion index in patients was found to be statistically different than controls ( p < 0.01). The MD and PSD in patients were different from controls statistically significant ( p < 0.01 and p < 0.01, respectively). There was no correlation between the ocular findings and the urine and blood mercury levels. Methyl mercury, held in the school laboratory for experimental purpose, may be a source of poisoning. In this case series, we showed that acute exposure to mercury had hazardous effect on the visual system, especially CV and VF. We propose that emphasizing the public education on the potential hazards of mercury is crucial for preventive community health.
Amelioration of iron overload-induced liver toxicity by a potent antioxidant and iron chelator, Emblica officinalis Gaertn
Authors: Sarkar Rhitajit , Hazra Bibhabasu , Mandal Nripendranath 
Published: March 2013

In liver, the major site of iron storage, iron overload is associated with oxidative damage of protein, lipid, and DNA and causes protein oxidation, lipid peroxidation, and rupture of hepatocytes, leading to cell death. Serum ferritin and liver iron content are the main forecasters of moderate to severe iron overload in the liver. The sequels of excess iron deposition in the liver are fibrosis and enhanced levels of serum enzymes and bilirubin markers. Emblica officinalis (EO) fruit extract was found efficient in lessening intraperitoneally injected iron dextran-induced liver toxicity in Swiss albino mice. Mice administered with different doses of 70% methanol extract of EO (50, 100, and 200 mg kg−1 body weight) showed significant decrease in liver iron, serum ferritin, and serum enzyme levels, along with the decrease in lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, and collagen content. The activity was further supported by its considerable iron chelation with half-maximal inhibitory concentration of 70.24 ± 2.74 μg ml−1 and the protection on ferrous ion-mediated DNA breakdown with 50% protection ([P]50) of 1.04 ± 0.01 μg ml−1. Simultaneously, the extract effectively induced the antioxidant enzyme levels and also exhibited the potential activity of reductive release of ferritin iron. These findings suggest that the EO extract may be used as a potent drug for the treatment of pathological sequences arisen in the iron overload-induced liver damage.
Comparison of five different in vitro assays for assessment of sodium metavanadate cytotoxicity in Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-K1 line)
Authors: Zwolak Iwona 
Published: March 2013

This investigation was undertaken to compare five different in vitro cytotoxicity assays for their power in revealing vanadium-mediated toxicity in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-K1 cells. The cells were exposed to sodium metavanadate (NaVO3) in the range of 10–1000 µM for 24 h and thereafter the cytotoxic effects of NaVO3 were measured by colorimetric in vitro assays: the neutral red (NR) test, the 2,3-bis[2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl]-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxyanilide inner salt (XTT) assay, the resazurin assay, the sulforhodamine B (SR-B) assay, and by microscopic assessment of cell viability using the trypan blue (TB) staining method. Among the assays used, the NR test was the most sensitive, since it revealed metavanadate cytotoxicity at the lowest NaVO3 dose (=50 µM). Also, NaVO3 cytotoxicity expressed as inhibitory concentration (IC) showed the lowest values for the NR test. Three other tests XTT, resazurin, and SR-B assays showed intermediate sensitivity revealing the cytotoxicity of NaVO3 at 100 µM. The corresponding IC10 and IC50 values calculated for the XTT, resazurin, and SR-B tests were similar. The TB staining method was the least sensitive, since it recorded metavanadate cytotoxicity at the highest NaVO3 concentration tested (=600 µM). Based on the cytotoxicity end points measured with the above assays, it can be concluded that lysosomal/Golgi apparatus damage (measured by NR assay) may be the primary effect of NaVO3 on CHO-K1 cells. The disintegration of mitochondria (assessed with the XTT and resazurin assays) probably follows lysosomal impairment. Plasma membrane permeability (staining with TB) occurs at a late stage of NaVO3-induced cytotoxicity on CHO-K1 cells. The results obtained in this research work show that the NR test can be recommended as a very sensitive assay for the assessment of NaVO3 cytotoxicity in the CHO-K1 cell culture model. Considering the convenience of assay performance along with adequate sensitivity, the XTT and resazurin assays can also be advocated for NaVO3 cytotoxicity assessment.