bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Separation and Determination of Diol Pollutants Come from Demulsifier in the Produced Water of Oil Fields
Authors: Mokhtari Bahram , Dalali Nasser , Pourabdollah Kobra 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis paper introduced a novel test method for determination of the main demulsifier‐based pollutants in the produced water of oil wells, before draining to seawater. The type, concentration and distribution of diols depend on the demulsifier of interest; however, the main chemical species are the same. The novelty of this work is selective extraction and preconcentration of low chain diols in the produced water of oil fields. In this extraction method, dispersive solvent (1.2 mL, acetonitrile) containing extraction solvent (10.0 μL, carbon tetrachloride) was rapidly injected into the water sample containing analytes, and a cloudy solution was formed. After centrifugation (2 min at 3,000 rpm), these droplets were sedimented in the bottom of the conical test tube. Then 2.0 mL of sedimented phase containing preconcentrated analytes was injected into the gas chromatograph with flame ionization detector. The parameters affecting the extraction efficiency were evaluated and optimized. Factors such as the kind and volume of both extraction and disperser solvents, extraction and centrifugation times, pH and temperature, and salt effect were studied and optimized. The method exhibited enrichment factors and recoveries ranging from 39.0 to 44.4 and 78.9 to 92.2%, respectively, within very short extraction time. The linearity (and limit of detection) of the method ranged 4.0‐100.0 (2.0) ng/mL for 1,2‐ethandiol, 6.0‐80.0 (4.0) ng/mL for 1,3‐propandiol, 2.0‐90.0 (1.0) ng/mL ng/mL for 1,4‐butanediol, 5.0‐120.0 (2.0) ng/mL for 1,5‐pentandiol. The relative standard deviations (RSD) for the concentration of diols, 5.0 ng/mL in water by using the internal standard were in the range of 1.5–4.5% (n = 5) and without the internal standard was in the range of 2.6–9.0% (n = 5). It is concluded that this method is successful for determination of diols in produced water samples.
Synthesis, Characterization and Properties of a Novel Environmentally Friendly Mono Azo Disperse Dye and Its Application on Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET)
Authors: Dodangeh Mohammad , Mohammadian Mehrdad , Allen Norman. S. , Pajootan Elmira 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe aim of this research is to achieve the synthesis of a novel mono azo disperse dye containing both a β‐naphthyl acetate group and carboxylic acid ester group and application on PET fabric. In this study the dyeing properties have also been investigated. The synthesized dye was characterized using UV‐Vis, FTIR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopic techniques. To investigate alkali‐clearability, both alkali‐hydrolysis behavior and the effect of its fastness properties with regard to PET fabric were examined. This dye showed a reasonable level of hydrolysis under relatively mild alkaline conditions. The application of the dye to PET fabric showed good leveling and building up properties. Estimating fastness properties of the dyed fabric showed excellent wash, rubbing fastness, good light and sublimation fastness. The results furthermore displayed that the synthesized dye offers the option of alkali‐clearing process over that of a conventional reduction‐clearing process. Therefore, the value of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) and water pollution as well as the expenditure of production were decreased.
Associations of Gender and Age with the Reporting of Drug‐Induced Hepatic Failure: Data from the VigiBase™
Authors: Petronijevic Marija , Ilic Katarina 
Published: February 2013

AbstractPatient gender and age are considered to be the risk factors for developing drug‐induced liver injury (DILI). The aim of this study was to analyze gender and age differences in reporting of drug‐induced hepatic failure (HF) to the VigiBase™. VigiBase™ was screened for the HF reports submitted from 2000 to 2009. The information retrieved referred to the suspected drug, age, gender, and a reporting country. Variables were examined by using descriptive statistics and the binomial test. During the 10‐year period there were in total 6 370 HF reports from 38 countries. After the exclusion of cases with missing gender data (379 cases), females counted for 54.03%. The largest portion of HF cases referred to age <55 (42.57%) with female predominance (56.81%), whereas age ≥55 (32.57%) showed almost even gender distribution. Overall, there were 941 different drugs or their combinations reported. Females significantly predominated in HF cases associated with analgesics, antiepileptics, antiinflamatory and antirheumatic drugs, psychoanaleptics, antibacterials for systemic use, and antidiabetic drugs. Males were significantly overrepresented in HF cases associated with antivirals for systemic use. Differences between genders and/or age groups in the reporting of drug‐induced HF depend on drug and/or drug class but may be influenced by multiple factors.
Apparent diffusion coefficient ratio between axillary lymph node with primary tumor to detect nodal metastasis in breast cancer patients
Authors: Luo Ningbin , Su Danke , Jin Guanqiao , Liu Lidong , Zhu Xuna , Xie Dong , Liu Younan 
Published: February 2013

PurposeTo evaluate the ratios of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) calculated from diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) between axillary lymph nodes with primary breast tumor lesions in the detection of axillary lymph nodes metastasis in breast cancer patients.Materials and MethodsA total of 36 patients with breast tumors and their axillary lymph nodes were included in this study for MR image scan. The ADC values were calculated using DW‐MR imaging software. The ADC values and the ADC ratios of axillary lymph nodes in patients with primary breast lesion were compared among benign and metastatic axillary lymph nodes. All the diagnosis were confirmed by histopathological examination.ResultsThe mean ADC value of metastatic lymph nodes was significantly lower than those of benign lymph nodes (0.787 × 10−3 mm2/s ± 0.145 versus 1.043 × 10−3 mm2/s ± 0.257) (P < 0.05). In addition, ADC ratio of metastatic lymph nodes with breast lesion was significantly lower than those of benign lymph nodes with breast tumor lesions (0.986 ± 0.17 versus 1.375 ± 0.417) (P < 0.05). Once the ADC ratio was fixed at 0.889 × 10−3 mm2/s, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 82.22%, 82.35% and 82.28%, respectively. The cutoff of ADC ratio was at 1.097 × 10−3 mm2/s, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy can be up to 84.44%, 88.24%, and 86.08%.ConclusionADC value and ADC ratio could be used as a reliable parameter to detect the axillary lymph nodes metastasis in breast cancer patients, and ADC ratio has a higher accuracy. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;38:824–828. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Correlation of muscle BOLD MRI with transcutaneous oxygen pressure for assessing microcirculation in patients with systemic sclerosis
Authors: Partovi Sasan , Aschwanden Markus , Jacobi Bjoern , Schulte Anja‐Carina , Walker Ulrich A. , Staub Daniel , Imfeld Stephan , Broz Pavel , Benz Daniela , Zipp Lisa , Jaeger Kurt A. , Takes Martin , Robbin Mark R. , Huegli Rolf W. , Bilecen Deniz 
Published: February 2013

PurposeTo prospectively compare calf muscle BOLD MRI with transcutaneous oxygen pressure (TcPO2) measurement in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) and healthy volunteers and thereby get insight into the pathogenesis of vasculopathy in this connective tissue disorder.Materials and MethodsTwelve patients with SSc (6 women and 6 men, mean age 53.5 ± 10.0 years) and 12 healthy volunteers (4 men and 8 women, mean age 47 ± 12.1 years) were examined using muscle BOLD MRI and TcPO2. A cuff compression at mid‐thigh level was performed to provoke ischemia and reactive hyperemia. BOLD measurements were acquired on a 3 Tesla whole body‐scanner in the upper calf region using a multi‐echo EPI‐sequence with four echo‐times (TE: 9/20/31/42 ms) and a repetition time of 2 s. Empirical cross‐correlation analysis depending on time lags between BOLD‐ and TcPO2‐measurements was performed.ResultsMaximal cross‐correlation of BOLD T2*‐ and TcPO2‐measurements was calculated as 0.93 (healthy volunteers) and 0.90 (SSc patients) for a time lag of approximately 40 s. Both modalities showed substantial differences regarding time course parameters between the SSc patients and healthy volunteers.ConclusionSkeletal muscle BOLD MRI correlated very well with TcPO2. T2* changes seem to reflect reoxygenation deficits in deeper muscle tissue of SSc patients. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;38:845–851. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Three‐dimensional amide proton transfer MR imaging of gliomas: Initial experience and comparison with gadolinium enhancement
Authors: Zhou Jinyuan , Zhu He , Lim Michael , Blair Lindsay , Quinones‐Hinojosa Alfredo , Messina Steven A. , Eberhart Charles G. , Pomper Martin G. , Laterra John , Barker Peter B. , van Zijl Peter C.M. , Blakeley Jaishri O. 
Published: February 2013

PurposeTo investigate the feasibility of a three‐dimensional amide‐proton‐transfer (APT) imaging sequence with gradient‐ and spin‐echo readouts at 3 Tesla in patients with high‐ or low‐grade gliomas.Materials and MethodsFourteen patients with newly diagnosed gliomas were recruited. After B0 inhomogeneity correction on a voxel‐by‐voxel basis, APT‐weighted images were reconstructed using a magnetization‐transfer‐ratio asymmetry at offsets of ±3.5 ppm with respect to the water resonance. Analysis of variance post hoc tests were used for statistical evaluations, and results were validated with pathology.ResultsIn six patients with gadolinium‐enhancing high‐grade gliomas, enhancing tumors on the postcontrast T1‐weighted images were consistently hyperintense on the APT‐weighted images. Increased APT‐weighted signal intensity was also clearly visible in two pathologically proven, high‐grade gliomas without gadolinium enhancement. The average APT‐weighted signal was significantly higher in the lesions than in the contralateral normal‐appearing brain tissue (P < 0.001). In six low‐grade gliomas, including two with gadolinium enhancement, APT‐weighted imaging showed iso‐intensity or mild punctate hyperintensity within all the lesions, which was significantly lower than that seen in the high‐grade gliomas (P < 0.001).ConclusionThe proposed three‐dimensional APT imaging sequence can be incorporated into standard brain MRI protocols for patients with malignant gliomas. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;38:1119–1128. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Wear patterns of taper connections in retrieved large diameter metal‐on‐metal bearings
Authors: Bishop Nicholas , Witt Florian , Pourzal Robin , Fischer Alfons , Rütschi Marcel , Michel Markus , Morlock Michael 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTWear of the modular taper between head and shaft has been related to clinical failure resulting from adverse reactions to metallic debris. The problem has become pronounced in large metal‐on‐metal bearings, but the mechanism has not yet been fully understood. We analyzed retrieved components from five patients revised with various diagnoses. Two distinct wear patterns were observed for the head tapers. Three samples demonstrated “asymmetric” wear towards the inner end of the head taper. The other two showed “axisymmetric” radial wear (up to 65 µm) presenting the largest wear volumes (up to 20 mm3). Stem tapers demonstrated relatively little wear, and the fine thread on the stem taper surface was observed to be imprinted on the taper inside of the head. Our findings demonstrate that the cobalt‐chrome head wears preferentially to the titanium stem taper. “asymmetric” wear suggests toggling due to the offset of the joint force vector from the taper. In contrast, samples with “axisymmetric” radial wear and a threaded imprint suggested that corrosion led to head subsidence onto the stem taper with gradual rotation. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31:1116–1122, 2013
Flexible hybrid substrates of roll‐to‐roll manufacturing for flexible display application
Authors: Yeh Yung‐Hui , Cheng Chun‐Cheng , Lai Benjamin Chih‐Ming , Leu Chyi‐Ming , Tseng Yung‐Lung 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA flexible hybrid substrate was developed and demonstrated for roll‐to‐roll (R2R) manufacturing. Layer‐by‐layer misalignment can be well controlled within 5 µm. Top‐gate amorphous InGaZnO thin‐film transistor was fabricated on the flexible hybrid substrate by R2R process for the first time. A 4.3‐in. segment‐type reflective Electro‐Phoretic Display (EPD) display was also demonstrated to show the R2R capability of flexible substrates.
Building tolerance for bears: A communications experiment
Authors: Slagle Kristina , Zajac Ryan , Bruskotter Jeremy , Wilson Robyn , Prange Suzie 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe present study examined the feasibility of experimentally manipulating perceptions of benefit and control via communications to increase public acceptance of bears. We assigned subjects to either a pseudo‐control (basic bear biology message) or 1 of 3 treatments adding a benefits message, a perceived control message, or combining messages about both benefits and perceived control. Within‐subjects pre–post t‐tests showed a significant increase in acceptance among those in the benefits and combined treatments. A between‐subjects 1‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed a significant difference between the perceived control and combined treatments (where the perceived control message actually decreased acceptance). Our results highlight the importance of including information about benefits stemming from the presence of black bears, as adding this information tended to increase stakeholder acceptance of black bear populations. © 2013 The Wildlife Society.
Genetic diversity and population structure in urban white‐tailed deer
Authors: Blanchong Julie A. , Sorin Anna Bess , Scribner Kim T. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractHabitat fragmentation in urban areas has left many species isolated and vulnerable to loss of genetic variation. White‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), however, thrive in urban areas. We compared genetic diversity and structure among deer in 2 urban metroparks with deer in a fenced reserve and with deer from an open, continuously distributed population to inform urban deer management. If urban deer maintain species' typical matrilineal genetic structure, removal of female groups may effectively reduce local abundance. However, if gene flow in urban areas is high, dispersal may impede efforts to reduce abundance. Although genetic diversity was high and mean relatedness was near zero in all locations, distributions of pairwise relatedness in urban metroparks and the fenced reserve contained greater proportions of closely and distantly related deer than the open locations, likely attributable to matrilineal structure. In addition, deer from the metroparks (approx. 65 km apart) were moderately differentiated (Fst = 0.092) indicating gene flow in urban areas may be less than in other landscapes. Our results indicate that removal of matrilineal groups may reduce local urban deer abundance without inducing immigration from surrounding areas. © The Wildlife Society, 2012
Cry, Laugh, or Fight: The Impact of the Advertising Image and Disease Target Match on Consumers’ Evaluations of Cancer Advertising
Authors: Taylor Kimberly A. , Knibb Jana Nekesa 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTCancer detection and treatment is now a huge part of the health care system, and many cancer charities and organizations advertise heavily in various media. However, from pink ribbons to yellow wristbands, marketing spending and imagery are vastly different between diseases that primarily affect men and those that primarily affect women. Yet, the ways in which consumers react to specific marketing images when used in cancer‐related advertising, and the importance of the congruence between the disease and the ad image have been under‐researched. This paper explores these research questions in two studies and finds significant differences in ad evaluations by image and gender of the disease target.
The Impact of Other Customers on Customer Citizenship Behavior
Authors: Yi Youjae , Gong Taeshik , Lee Hyojin 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTDespite extensive research on the antecedents of customer citizenship behavior, the influence of other customers remains a neglected area in service research. Drawing on social information processing and interpersonal influence theories, this article investigates how citizenship behavior of focal customers is shaped by citizenship behavior of other customers. This study also examines how informational influence in the form of other‐customer credibility and normative influence in the form of customer social identity moderate this relationship. Using qualitative and quantitative data, this study shows that other‐customer citizenship behavior drives focal customer citizenship behavior. This link is also moderated by informational influence (other‐customer credibility) and normative influence (social identity). From a theoretical standpoint, the findings provide preliminary evidence that other‐customer focus is critical to an understanding of customer citizenship behavior. This study also identifies the boundary conditions for these relationships. From a practical standpoint, the findings suggest that managers need to identify and pay attention to customers who exhibit citizenship behavior so that customer citizenship behavior is reciprocated and extended to other customers in the service encounter.
Multiband phase‐constrained parallel MRI
Authors: Blaimer Martin , Choli Morwan , Jakob Peter M. , Griswold Mark A. , Breuer Felix A. 
Published: February 2013

PurposeParallel MRI methods are typically associated with a degradation of the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR). High scan time reduction factors are therefore restricted to applications with high intrinsic SNR. One possibility to increase the intrinsic SNR is to simultaneously excite several slices by means of multiband radio‐frequency (RF) pulses and subsequently separate the slices by parallel MRI reconstruction algorithms. However, the separation of closely spaced slices may suffer from severe noise amplification when there is insufficient coil sensitivity variation along the slice direction. The purpose of this work is to apply a phase‐constrained reconstruction for multiband experiments to minimize the noise amplification.MethodsPre‐defined phase differences between neighboring slices are induced and slice separation is performed by a phase‐constrained parallel MRI reconstruction. Phase differences between neighboring slices are tailored to achieve optimal slice separation with minimized noise amplification. The potential of the method is demonstrated through multiband in‐vivo experiments.ResultsNoise amplification in multiband phase‐constrained reconstructions is significantly reduced in comparison to standard multiband reconstruction when the phase difference between neighboring slices (distance = 12 mm) is 90°.ConclusionsMultiband phase‐constrained parallel MRI has the potential for accelerated multi‐slice imaging with an improved SNR performance. Magn Reson Med 69:974–980, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Application of direct virtual coil to dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI and MR angiography with data‐driven parallel imaging
Authors: Wang Kang , Beatty Philip J. , Nagle Scott K. , Reeder Scott B. , Holmes James H. , Rahimi Mahdi S. , Bell Laura C. , Korosec Frank R. , Brittain Jean H. 
Published: February 2013

PurposeTo demonstrate the feasibility of direct virtual coil (DVC) in the setting of 4D dynamic imaging used in multiple clinical applications.Theory and MethodsThree dynamic imaging applications were chosen: pulmonary perfusion, liver perfusion, and peripheral MR angiography (MRA), with 18, 11, and 10 subjects, respectively. After view‐sharing, the k‐space data were reconstructed twice: once with channel‐by‐channel (CBC) followed by sum‐of‐squares coil combination and once with DVC. Images reconstructed using CBC and DVC were compared and scored based on overall image quality by two experienced radiologists using a five‐point scale.ResultsThe CBC and DVC showed similar image quality in image domain. Time course measurements also showed good agreement in the temporal domain. CBC and DVC images were scored as equivalent for all pulmonary perfusion cases, all liver perfusion cases, and four of the 10 peripheral MRA cases. For the remaining six peripheral MRA cases, DVC were scored as slightly better (not clinically significant) than the CBC images by Radiologist A and as equivalent by Radiologist B.ConclusionFor dynamic contrast‐enhanced MR applications, it is clinically feasible to reduce image reconstruction time while maintaining image quality and time course measurement using the DVC technique. Magn Reson Med 71:783–789, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
3D myocardial T1 mapping at 3T using variable flip angle method: Pilot study
Authors: Clique Hélène , Cheng Hai‐Ling Margaret , Marie Pierre‐Yves , Felblinger Jacques , Beaumont Marine 
Published: February 2013

PurposeMyocardial T1 mapping is an emerging technique that could improve cardiovascular magnetic resonance diagnostic accuracy. In this study, a variable flip angle approach with B1 correction is proposed at 3T on the myocardium, employing standard 3D spoiled fast gradient echo and echo planar imaging sequences.MethodsThe method was tested on phantoms to determine the set of standard 3D spoiled fast gradient echo angles adapted to myocardial T1 measurements and was compared to the inversion‐recovery spin‐echo reference T1 method. Seven volunteers underwent magnetic imaging resonance to acquire myocardial T1 maps and T1 values of the human heart.ResultsThis original method demonstrated good reproducibility in phantoms and a significant correlation between variable flip angle T1 values and reference inversion‐recovery spin‐echo T1 values. It yielded myocardial T1 values consistent with expected T1 and an increasing homogenization of myocardial segments owing to B1 correction. The mean myocardial T1 value was 1341 ± 42 ms.ConclusionMyocardial 3D T1 mapping using the variable flip angle approach can potentially be useful for evaluating fibrosis on the entire myocardium using a standard clinical sequence. Magn Reson Med 71:823–829, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.