bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Macromolecule Extravasation—Xenograft Size Matters: A Systematic Study Using Probe-Based Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy (pCLE)
Authors: Dietrich Antje , Stewart James , Huether Melanie , Helm Mario , Schuetze Christina , Schnittler Hans-Joachim , Jaffray David A. , Kunz-Schughart Leoni A. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Purpose
Profound changes of the vasculature in tumors critically impact drug delivery and therapy response. We aimed at developing a procedure to monitor morphological and functional parameters of the vasculature in subcutaneous xenograft models commonly applied for therapy testing by using probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy.

Procedures
By monitoring various normal and diseased tissues, we established an experimental and analytical set-up to systematically analyze tracer extravasation from the microvasculature. Application of the approach in two xenograft models (HCT-116 and SW620) was realized consecutively throughout tumor growth.

Results
The incidence of dilated vessels increased with xenograft size in both models while macromolecule extravasation and tracer accumulation in the tumor tissue, respectively, was significantly reduced throughout growth. The development of dilated/ultradilated vessels correlated with tracer extravasation only in the HCT-116 but not the SW620 model. The underlying mechanisms are still ambiguous and discussed.

Conclusions
Our findings clearly indicate that both xenograft type and size matter for drug delivery and therapy testing.
Enrichment of Arachidonic Acid for the Enzymatic Synthesis of Arachidonoyl Ethanolamide
Authors: Wang Xiaosan , Wang Xingguo , Wang Tong 
Published: May 2013

AbstractArachidonoyl ethanolamide is an endogenous cannabinoid neurotransmitter that potentially has therapeutic properties. In this study, we report an enzymatic method to synthesize this bioactive ethanolamide. First, free fatty acids were obtained from arachidonic acid‐rich oil and then arachidonic acid was enriched by urea inclusion and AgNO3 solution fractionation. Arachidonic acid content was increased from 40.2 to 78.4 % with 27.6 ± 1.8 % total fatty acid mass yield (w/w, relative to total free fatty acid) after urea inclusion. Purification of arachidonic acid by AgNO3 solution fractionation was optimized, and under the optimal conditions, a product with 90.7 % arachidonic acid was obtained with 80.4 % mass yield (w/w, relative to total free fatty acid). Finally, arachidonoyl ethanolamide was synthesized by reacting the purified arachidonic acid with ethanolamine in hexane using Novozym 435 lipase of Novozymes America (Blair, NE), which resulted in the formation of 88.4 ± 0.6 % arachidonoyl ethanolamide with 72.7 ± 2.2 % mass yield. The main novelties of this study are the enrichment of polyunsaturated fatty acids by AgNO3 solution fractionation which has received little attention in recent years, and this is the first time the synthesis of arachidonoyl ethanolamide is reported.
γ‐Oryzanols of North American Wild Rice (Zizania palustris)
Authors: Aladedunye Felix , Przybylski Roman , Rudzinska Magdalena , Klensporf‐Pawlik Dorota 
Published: May 2013

Abstractγ‐Oryzanol, a natural mixture of ferulic acid esters of triterpene alcohols and sterols, are an important bioactive components present in rice bran oil. In light of the recent increase in the popularity of wild rice among consumers, and the possibility of a direct relationship between γ‐oryzanol composition and its bioactivity, the oryzanol profile of major wild rice (Zizania palustris) grown in North America was studied and compared to regular brown rice (Oryza sativa L.). A total of twenty‐three γ‐oryzanol components were separated, identified and quantified by HPLC coupled to an Orbitrap MS. The distribution of individual γ‐oryzanols was similar for all the wild rice but significantly different from those of the regular brown rice. Unlike in the regular brown rice, a significant amount of steryl caffeate and cinnamate were found in the wild rice samples. Generally, the amounts of γ‐oryzanol in the wild rice were higher compared to the regular brown rice, 1,352 vs. 688 μg/g. The results from this study showed that wild rice had a more diverse γ‐oryzanol composition and the higher amounts compared to the regular brown rice.
Inhibition of CK2 binding to BMPRIa induces C2C12 differentiation into osteoblasts and adipocytes
Authors: Moseychuk Oleksandra , Akkiraju Hemanth , Dutta Joyita , D’Angelo Alex , Bragdon Beth , Duncan Randall L. , Nohe Anja 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBMP2 is a growth factor that regulates the cell fate of mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblast and adipocytes. However, the detailed signaling pathways and mechanism are unknown. We previously reported a new interaction of Casein kinase II (CK2) with the BMP receptor type‐Ia (BMPRIa) and demonstrated using mimetic peptides CK2.1, CK2.2 and CK2.3 that the release of CK2 from BMPRIa activates Smad signaling and osteogenesis. Previously, we showed that mutation of these CK2 sites on BMPRIa (MCK2.1 (476S‐A), MCK2.2 (324S‐A) and MCK2.3 (214S‐A)) induced osteogenesis. However, one mutant MCK2.1 induced osteogenesis similar to overexpression of wild type BMPRIa, suggesting that the effect of this mutant on mineralization was due to overexpression. In this paper we investigated the signaling pathways involved in the CK2‐BMPRIa mediated osteogenesis and identified a new signaling pathway activating adipogenesis dependent on the BMPRIa and CK2 association. Further the mechanism for adipogenesis and osteogenesis is specific to the CK2 interaction site on BMPRIa. In detail our data show that overexpression of MCK2.2 induced osteogenesis was dependent on Caveolin‐1 (Cav1) and the activation of the Smad and mTor pathways, while overexpression of MCK2.3 induced osteogenesis was independent of Caveolin‐1 without activation of Smad pathway. However, MCK2.3 induced osteogenesis via the MEK pathway. The adipogenesis induced by the overexpression of MCK2.2 in C2C12 cells was dependent on the p38 and ERK pathways as well as Caveolin‐1. These data suggest that signaling through BMPRIa used two different signaling pathways to induce osteogenesis dependent on CK2. Additionally the data supports a signaling pathway initiated in caveolae and one outside of caveolae to induce mineralization. Moreover, they reveal the signaling pathway of BMPRIa mediated adipogenesis.
Bastnaesite from Kanigiri Granite, Prakasam District, Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Babu G. Nagendra , Baba M. Sai , Kumar Mary K. , Singh Yamuna , Babu P.V. Ramesh , Parihar P.S. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
For the first time we report bastnaesite and hydroxyl bastnaesite (lanthanum cerium fluoro-carbonate) from the Kanigiri granite. The host granitoids are of A-type and vary in composition from quartz syenites to peralkaline granites. Rare metal and rare earth-bearing minerals identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies in Kanigiri granite are bastnaesite and hydroxyl bastnaesite, besides columbite-tantalite, monazite, fergusonite, thorite and euxenite. Petromineralogical studies have also revealed the presence of bastnaesite. The presence of bastnaesite in Kanigiri granite suggests that the host felsic rocks may also form a potential source for light rare earth mineral, bastnaesite, apart from the already known rare-metal minerals.
Field and Textural Relationship in Pelitic Schists and Gneisses from the area around Mangpu, Darjeeling District, West Bengal
Authors: Prakash D. , Tewari S. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
The metasedimentary rocks of the area around Mangpu constitute a portion of the hinge zone of the northern limb of the major synform of Lower Darjeeling Himalaya. The rocks display evidences of multiple deformation and at least three major phases of deformation have been recognized. The time relations between the phases of deformation (D1, D2, D3) and metamorphic crystallization reveal a single major prograde metamorphic event that initiated with the D1 deformation and finally outlasted it. The earlier phase of this metamorphism is essentially regional syn-tectonic low-grade (greenschist facies) which may be designated (M1, early). This was followed by regional static metamorphism (M1, late) in the post-tectonic phase between D1 and D2 deformations (upper green schist and amphibolite facies). This M1 metamorphism is superposed by later retrogressive metamorphism (M2) during the D2 and D3 deformations (lower greenschist facies). Within the study area four isograds have been delineated by the first appearance of index minerals in the pelitic schists and gneiss which display Barrovian type of metamorphism.
Role of Geophysical and Hydrogeological Techniques in EIA Studies to Identify TSDF Site for Industrial Waste Management
Authors: Sonkamble Sahebrao , Sethurama S. , Krishnakumar K. , Dhunde Purushottam , Amarender B. , Kumar V. Satish 
Published: May 2013

Abstract:
This paper deals with the importance of integrated hydrogeological, geological and geophysical applications in identifying suitable site for treatment, storage and disposal facility (TDSF) for industrial waste management. The pollution control authorities (Civic body) have a mandate to provide proper TSDF for the industrial zones. One such zone of 2800 acres, established by State Industries Promotion Corporation of Tamil Nadu (SIPCOT) at Perundurai in southern India, is selected to identify suitable TSDF site. The zone is envisaged to cater 22500 MTA (metric tones per annum) of industrial waste generated by 565 units. Hydrogeological and geological setup forms an important criterion in the process of environmental impact assessment (EIA) to establish proposed activity. Hydrogeological, geophysical and socio-economic/ecological studies were carried out to identify suitable TSDF site. Vertical electrical sounding (VES), multi-electrode resistivity imaging (MERI), ground penetrating radar (GPR) scanning, and infiltration tests were performed within the proposed TSDF site of 50 acres land. An inventory of 54 key wells includes depth to water level (varies from 9.7 to 15 m, below ground level) and water chemistry (pH, TDS, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl−, HCO3−,SO42−,NO3− and F−) helped in identifying physical environment around (5 km radius) proposed TSDF site. Geophysical and hydrogeological investigations verified with drillings (at 5 locations) within the proposed TSDF site resulted, shallow hard rock at 4.5 m depth, the absence of groundwater, and low infiltration rate (4.3 cm/hour) of soil in the western side (45 acres) of proposed 50 acres land reveals suitability of TSDF site.
Exhumation and its Mechanisms: A Review of Exhumation Studies in the Himalaya
Authors: Adlakha Vikas , Patel R. C. , Lal Nand 
Published: May 2013

Abstract:
Exhumation has been recognised as a key factor in understanding the dynamics of a mountain belt. Normal faulting, erosion and ductile thinning are the three basic mechanisms to exhume the deeper high grade metamorphic rocks to the surface. Convergent orogenic belts are characterised by over-thickening of the crust due to thrusting and folding. The interplay of uplift due to over-thickening of crust and climatic-erosion is the most plausible mechanism of exhumation as suggested by the numerical models and analogue experiments. The analysis of 534 thermo-chronological dates through 1D-thermal numerical model in the Himalaya suggest that the exhumation is dominantly due to erosion but the pattern of erosion is controlled by local tectonic activities in different sector of the Himalaya since Miocene, indicating that tectonic force as the prime mechanism of exhumation in Himalaya.
Implications of Geochemistry in support of Palaeo-Proterozoic Tectonothermal Evolution of Bhopalpatnam Granulite Belt, Bastar Craton, Central India
Authors: Vansutre Sandeep , Hari K.R. , Vishwakarma Neeraj 
Published: May 2013

Abstract:
Bhopalpatnam Granulite Belt which occur along SW margin of Bastar Craton and NE shoulder of Pranhita-Godavari Rift comprise of charnockite (enderbitic variety), garnet-sillimanite-biotite gneiss, quartzo-feldspathic gneiss and corundum bearing aluminous gneiss. High La/Yb ratio, low Eu anomaly (Eu/Eu*=1.0), high LREE/HREE ratio with uniform REE pattern, high La/Sc ratio (0.53-6.43), high Th/Sc ratio (0.03-2.56), low Ni (5.52-20.95), low Cr (31.05-117.05) and uniform Zr/Hf distribution pattern indicate a Proterozoic character. Distribution pattern of K2O, Na2O and CaO in ternary diagram show quartz–monzonite–granodiorite trend for the bulk rocks indicating that the bulk rock composition is close to TTG of early Archaean, which might have supplied the sediments for the rocks of Bhopalpatnam Granulite Belt. Geochemical and mineralogical evidence indicate an argillaceous protolith for garnet – sillimanite - biotite gneiss and corundum bearing aluminous gneiss, whereas an arkosic protolith for quartzo-feldspathic gneiss. The geochemical signatures also suggest an active continental margin setting for the rocks of Bhopalpatnam Granulite Belt with prominent Nb and Ta anomaly favouring a subduction environment between Bastar Craton and East Dharwar Craton. This is in conformity with the finding of the earlier workers suggesting a clockwise P-T path based on the combined fluid inclusion and mineral phase equilibria. The LILE geochemistry of charnockite suggests a bi-phase evolution. High LREE/HREE ratio portrays a highly evolved nature of the charnockitic melt generated through partial melting of the continental crust at the final stage of the granulite facies metamorphism during collision between Bastar and East Dharwar Cratons.
Intrusion and Upliftment of Mahakoshal Rocks Between Vindhyan and Gondwana in Narmada Son Lineament, Central India
Authors: Ghosh G. K. , Singh C. L. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
The Narmada-Son Lineament (NSL) is one of the most prominent geomorphic features in Central India, which, divides the Indian Peninsula into two parts, northern and southern India. The present study carried near the Shahdol-Katni area of Narmada-Son lineament situated in complex transition zone, encompasses with seismically active, robust changes of gravity–magnetic field, undulating sub-surface topography, existence of hot springs and complex geological setting, which, cause the resettlement of inner dynamic progression. The area covers a range of diverse formations viz. alluvial, Deccan traps, Gondwana, Vindhyan and Mahakoshal groups with different ages. Geologically the area is divided into two parts, Vindhyan and Gondwana. The Vindhyan are exposed in the northern part and Gondwana are exposed in the southern part. It can be inferred that the Mahakoshal rocks are non-magnetic and reasonably higher density rocks which are exposed and intruded in between the Vindhyan and Gondwana rocks during the crustal resetting processes, which, may cause changes in magnetic field in the central part near Tala-Barhi area. Based on magnetic data, the area can also be divided into two parts, the northern part containing higher magnetic values (upto 900 nTesla) and the southern part with the values upto -1000 nTesla. The resettlement process may cause the separation of Vindhyan and Gondwana rocks because of the two existing active faults viz. Son Narmada North Fault (SNNF) and Son Narmada South Fault (SNSF). To know the geological setting of the Narmada Son Lineament, the knowledge of basement depth study plays a major role for understanding the inner mechanism of structural scenery of the ground sub-surface. There are number of studies carried out in and around the study area, but present technique plays an important role with sufficient evidences to validate the structural setting carried by the earlier geoscientists. Werner and Euler deconvolution techniques have been jointly carried out over the study area on the available magnetic dataset for basement depth estimation. As per study, the basement depth varies from 4 km to 5 km in the central part compared to both the split ends of the profiles, which, convincingly correlate the consequences carried by earlier studies. As the magnetic method can provide a non-unique solution, it is always recommended for integrated approach for better understanding and substantiation.
Comments on Placenticeras mintoi (Vredenburg, 1906) from the Bagh Beds (Late Cretaceous), Central India with Special Reference to Turonian Nodular Limestone Horizon
Authors: Jaitly Anand K. , Ajane Rahul 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
The Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian to Coniacian) marine sediments of central India prevalently known as ‘Bagh Beds,’ have been deposited in the E-W extending Narmada Basin. The stratigraphy of these Cenomanian – Coniacian sediments has been reviewed and summarized. The Bagh Beds have been found to consist of three formations: Nimar Sandstone, Nodular Limestone and Corallian Limestone in ascending order. Main emphasis has been given to Nodular Limestone Formation (Turonian), which is the most fossiliferous horizon of the Bagh Beds. Nodular Limestone Formation has more or less alternating bands of varying thickness of nodular limestone and marl. It yielded numerous ammonoid specimens, which have been found to belong to a morphologically highly variable ammoniod taxon Placenticeras mintoi Vredenburg.
Determining the Best Search Neighbourhood in Reserve Estimation, using Geostatistical Method: A Case Study Anomaly No 12A Iron Deposit in Central Iran
Authors: Khakestar Marzeihe Shademan , Madani Hassan , Hassani Hossein , Moarefvand Parvizz 
Published: May 2013

Abstract:
Ordinary kriging and non-linear geostatistical estimators are now well accepted methods in mining grade control and mine reserve estimation. In kriging, the search volume or ‘kriging neighbourhood’ is defined by the user. The definition of the search space can have a significant impact on the outcome of the kriging estimate. In particular, too restrictive neighbourhood, can result in serious conditional bias. Kriging is commonly described as a ‘minimum variance estimator’ but this is only true when the neighbourhood is properly selected. Arbitrary decisions about search space are highly risky. The criteria to consider when evaluating a particular kriging neighbourhood are the slope of the regression of the ‘true’ and ‘estimated’ block grades, the number of kriging negative weights and the kriging variance. Search radius is one of the most important parameters of search volume which often is determined on the basis of influence of the variogram. In this paper the above-mentioned parameters are used to determine optimal search radius.
Characteristics associated with postoperative diagnosis of adenomyosis or combined adenomyosis with fibroids
Authors: Jean‐Baptiste Hans , Tetrokalashvili Maggie , Williams Tasscia , Fogel Joshua , Hsu Chaur‐Dong 
Published: May 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo identify clinical characteristics associated with combined adenomyosis and fibroids and to determine whether preoperative diagnosis by ultrasonography correlates with postoperative diagnosis by pathology.MethodsA retrospective chart review was conducted of 206 women who attended Nassau University Medical Center, East Meadow, USA, between July 1, 2007, and June 30, 2010. The patients were stratified into 3 groups—fibroids only (n = 148); adenomyosis only (n = 21); or combined adenomyosis and fibroids (n = 37)—according to postoperative pathology findings and variables known to be associated with adenomyosis and fibroids. Significant variables were included in a multinomial regression analysis.ResultsDysmenorrhea was the only variable significantly associated with a diagnosis of adenomyosis. The odds ratio (OR) was 3.34 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14–9.80). Variables significantly associated with combined adenomyosis and fibroids were age (OR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.01–1.15), black ethnicity (OR, 2.72; 95% CI, 1.11–6.68), and parity (OR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.08–1.92). Preoperative diagnosis by ultrasonography did not correlate with the postoperative pathology report.ConclusionIncluding the identified variables in the preoperative evaluation of patients with suspicion of fibroids might improve the counseling process and aid the choice of surgical procedure, especially among patients desiring a conservative approach.
Material Property Identification of Artificial Degenerated Intervertebral Disc Models — Comparison of Inverse Poroelastic Finite Element Analysis with Biphasic Closed Form Solution
Authors: Nikkhoo M. , Hsu Y.-C. , Haghpanahi M. , Parnianpour M. , J.-L. Wang  
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTDisc rheological parameters regulate the mechanical and biological function of intervertebral disc. The knowledge of effects of degeneration on disc rheology can be beneficial for the design of new disc implants or therapy. We developed two material property identification protocols, i.e., inverse poroelas-tic finite element analysis, and biphasic closed form solution. These protocols were used to find the material properties of intact, moderate and severe degenerated porcine discs. Comparing these two computational protocols for intact and artificial degenerated discs showed they are valid in defining bi-phasic/poroelastic properties. We found that enzymatic agent disrupts the functional interactions of proteoglycans which decreased hydraulic permeability and aggregate modulus but increased the Poisson's ratio. The fatigue loading, which damages disc structure, and squeezes and occludes the matrix pores, further decreased the hydraulic permeability and the Poisson's ratio but increased the elastic modulus. The FE simulations showed the stress experienced during the creep test increases with severe degeneration but steady-state fluid loss decreases for the both moderate and severe degenerated discs. Discriminant analysis declared that the probability of correct classification using the FE analysis is higher than the results of the closed form solution. The specimen-specific models extracted from FE analysis can be additionally used for complimentary investigations on disc biomechanics.
A Finite Element Analysis of Flow Around a Square Cylinder with Cross Flow Oscillations at two Angles of Attack
Authors: Naderan H. , Nobari M.R.H. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIn this article a two dimensional incompressible viscous flow past a square cylinder oscillating in cross flow with zero and 45 degree angles of attack is numerically studied by a Characteristics Based Splitter (CBS) finite element method. The solver is coupled to a mesh movement scheme using the Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) formulation to account for the body motion in the flow field. First, the accuracy of the numerical code is tested by comparing the numerical results obtained for the flow over the stationary square cylinder at the three different Reynolds numbers (Re = 100, 200, and 300) with the experimental data available. Then, the numerical results for the square cylinder undergoing transverse oscillations in the two angles of attack at different values of frequency and amplitude are investigated to determine the lock-on region. The results indicate physical similarity between circular and square cylinders concerning lock-on regions. Also the effect of lock-on phenomenon on the flow field pattern and time-averaged drag coefficient is investigated.