bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Concept of Educational Assistance to Health Protection of the Individual
Authors: Levanova Elena Aleksandrovna , Kokorina Olga Rafailovna , Nikitin Yuriy Vladimirovich , Perepelkina Tatiyna Vladislavovna , Segodina Polina Anatolievna 
Published: July 2015

<p>The article describes the theoretical and practical need for the development of the concept of assistance to health protection of the individual in order to address the problem of health protection of students and teachers in the conditions of a higher pedagogical education. The problem of studying human health, its entirety, systemacity and connection with the environment attracts particular attention in recent years. This was one of the reasons to study the problem of “healthy lifestyle” as the qualitative characteristic of a human life aimed at health, due to the fact that a healthy lifestyle is one of the determinants of health. This is made possible with the use of specific health-protecting technologies aimed at searching for ways and means of protection and conservation of health of students and teachers in the conditions of the educational process and using educational tools, which is currently included into the priorities of education.</p>
Obsahová analýza v pedagogickom výskume: Pohľad na jej súčasné podoby
Authors: Gavora Peter 
Published: July 2015

Množstvo metodologických vplyvov zapríčinilo, že obsahová analýza nadobudla rôzne podoby a že jej súčasný stav je dosť komplikovaný. Cieľom tejto štúdie je opísať jej súčasné podoby opierajúc sa o zdôvodnený výber literatúry. Rôzne podoby obsahovej analýzy sú v jednotlivých kapitolkách štúdie postupne opísané podľa tzv. konštitučných komponentov. Týchto komponentov je šesť: typ analyzovaného obsahu, výskumná vzorka, hĺbka analýzy, smer postupu, druh kontroly kódovania a forma vyjadrenia výsledku výskumu. V štúdii budú podrobne charakterizované rôzne náplne týchto komponentov. Výsledkom štúdie je zistenie, aké konkrétne konfigurácie uvedených náplní existujú a v akom sú vzťahu. Celkový záver štúdie vedie k potvrdeniu, že rozdelenie obsahovej analýzy na kvantitatívnu a kvalitatívnu je nepresné, a preto nefunkčné a že lepšie je hodnotiť podobu obsahovej analýzy v konkrétnej výskumnej štúdii podľa špecifických náplní jej konštitučných komponentov.
Hudebně talentovaní dospívající a přijímací řízení
Authors: Mareš Jiří , Tichý Vladimír 
Published: July 2015

Cílem přehledové studie je charakterizovat problémy, které souvisejí s vyhledáváním hudebních talentů a s talentovými zkouškami na vysoké školy s hudebním zaměřením. V první části tato studie přibližuje různá pojetí pojmů nadání a talent i jejich vzájemných vztahů. Ve druhé části definuje pojmy hudební nadání, hudební talent a hudební schopnosti. Třetí část studie analyzuje podobu talentových zkoušek na tři vysoké hudební školy v České republice (HAMU Praha, JAMU Brno a FU Ostrava). Studie diskutuje problémy spojené s komisionálním zkoušením uchazečů při přijímacím řízením a naznačuje možná řešení. Čtvrtá část se detailněji se zabývá výhodami a nevýhodami urychlování vývoje u hudebně talentovaných studentů, tj. případy, kdy jsou přijati bez maturity, a dokládá je reálnými daty. Závěr: má-li přijímací řízení dobře plnit svou predikční funkci při vybírání těch nejlepších studentů z celého souboru uchazečů, musí se opírat o mnohem širší spektrum validních informací než dosud.
Postoje univerzitních studentů pedagogicky orientovaných studijních programů k homosexualitě měřené na škále Homosexuality Attitude Scale
Authors: Hlaďo Petr 
Published: July 2015

Cílem studie je zhodnotit postoje studentů pedagogicky orientovaných studijních programů k homosexualitě a zjistit, čím jsou ovlivněny. V příspěvku je argumentován význam tématu v rámci pedagogiky, podán přehled závěrů vybraných českých a zahraničních výzkumů vztahujících se k problematice postojů heterosexuálů k homosexualitě. Dále jsou prezentovány cíle, metodologie a poznatky z vlastního výzkumného šetření. V závěru jsou prezentována doporučení pro pregraduální vzdělávání budoucích pedagogů a podány návrhy pro další výzkum. Cílem výzkumu bylo zjistit postoje studentů pedagogicky orientovaných studijních programů k homosexualitě. Použitým výzkumným nástrojem byl dotazník Kiteové a Deauxové – Homosexuality Attitude Scale (Cronbachovo alfa = 0,91). Sběr dat proběhl v říjnu a listopadu 2014. Výběrový soubor je tvořen 1 140 respondenty. Studenti pedagogických studijních programů mají v průměrném hodnocení k homosexualitě poměrně pozitivní postoje (průměrné skóre HAS = 88,77 z teoretického rozmezí 12–105, nižší hodnota indikuje negativnější postoj k homosexualitě). Signifikantně negativnější postoje k homosexualitě byly zjištěny u mužů, studentů nižších ročníků studia a příslušníků římsko-katolické či jiné církve nebo náboženské společnosti. Z poznatků vyplývá potřeba formování postojů budoucích pedagogů k homosexualitě kombinací kognitivně-afektivních intervencí v rámci formálního vzdělávání.
De la préservation linguistique et nationale : la qualité de la langue de la jeunesse acadienne, un débat linguistique idéologique
Authors: Arrighi Laurence , Violette Isabelle 
Published: July 2015

Cet article a pour objectif d’analyser un débat linguistique idéologique centré sur le rapport établi entre l’avenir de la francophonie canadienne, la qualité de la langue et le devoir de la jeunesse en la matière. L’idée que la jeunesse serait particulièrement responsable de la dégradation de la langue fait l’objet d’un discours ancien et sans cesse redéployé. Nous proposons une approche critique de son actualisation récente en Acadie, telle qu’elle s’est manifestée dans des publications médiatiques aux parentés argumentatives fortes, entre l’automne 2012 et le printemps 2013. Afin d’objectiver les prises de position, nous montrons qu’elles puisent légitimité et autorité dans les fondements idéologiques du nationalisme politique moderne, qui font de la langue le ciment de l’identité collective et de sa « bonne maîtrise » une compétence accessible sur base démocratique.
Cost‐effectiveness of pre‐exposure prophylaxis targeted to high‐risk serodiscordant couples as a bridge to sustained ART use in Kampala, Uganda
Authors: Ying Roger , Sharma Monisha , Heffron Renee , Celum Connie L , Baeten Jared M , Katabira Elly , Bulya Nulu , Barnabas Ruanne V 
Published: July 2015

IntroductionDespite scale‐up of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for treating HIV‐positive persons, HIV incidence remains elevated among those at high risk such as persons in serodiscordant partnerships. Antiretrovirals taken by HIV‐negative persons as pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has the potential to avert infections in individuals in serodiscordant partnerships. Evaluating the cost‐effectiveness of implementing time‐limited PrEP as a short‐term bridge during the first six months of ART for the HIV‐positive partner to prevent HIV transmission compared to increasing ART coverage is crucial to informing policy‐makers considering PrEP implementation.MethodsTo estimate the real world delivery costs of PrEP, we conducted micro‐costing and time and motion analyses in an open‐label prospective study of PrEP and ART delivery targeted to high‐risk serodiscordant couples in Uganda (the Partners Demonstration Project). The cost (in USD, in 2012) of PrEP and ART for serodiscordant couples was assessed, with and without research components, in the study setting. Using Ministry of Health costs, the cost of PrEP and ART provision within a government programme was estimated, as was the cost of providing PrEP in addition to ART. We parameterized an HIV transmission model to estimate the health and economic impacts of 1) PrEP and ART targeted to high‐risk serodiscordant couples in the context of current ART use and 2) increasing ART coverage to 55% of HIV‐positive persons with CD4 ≤500 cells/µL without PrEP. The incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios (ICERs) per HIV infection and disability‐adjusted life year (DALY) averted were calculated over 10 years.ResultsThe annual cost of PrEP and ART delivery for serodiscordant couples was $1058 per couple in the study setting and $453 in the government setting. The portion of the programme cost due to PrEP was $408 and $92 per couple per year in the study and government settings, respectively. Over 10 years, a programme of PrEP and ART for high‐risk serodiscordant couples was projected to avert 43% of HIV infections compared to current practice with an ICER of $1340 per infection averted. This was comparable to ART expansion alone, which would avert 37% of infections with an ICER of $1452.ConclusionsUsing Uganda's gross domestic product per capita of $1681 as a threshold, PrEP and ART for high‐risk persons have the potential for synergistic action and are cost‐effective in preventing HIV infections in high prevalence settings. The annual cost of PrEP in this programme is less than $100 per serodiscordant couple if implemented in public clinics.
Current models and standardization of sequence stratigraphy
Authors: Baoqing Li 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Based on previous research, the paper summarized several sequence stratigraphic models (depositional sequence, genetic stratigraphic sequence and transgressive-regressive sequence) and standardized the workflow of sequence stratigraphy, and analyzed the merits and pitfalls of different sequence models. Sequence models representing stratigraphic records in different geological settings were applied to corresponding settings. The occurrence of system tracts was controlled by the interplay between accommodation and sediment supply, and was ascribed to changes such as tectonics, sea-level, sediment supply, climate and so on. The standardized workflow of sequence stratigraphy was based on the model-independent approach and model-dependent approach. Differentiating genetic types was essential for the standardization of sequence stratigraphy.
Low‐harmonic magnetosonic waves observed by the Van Allen Probes
Authors: Posch J. L , Engebretson M. J. , Olson C. N. , Thaller S. A. , Breneman A. W. , Wygant J. R. , Boardsen S. A. , Kletzing C. A. , Smith C. W. , Reeves G. D. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractPurely compressional electromagnetic waves (fast magnetosonic waves), generated at multiple harmonics of the local proton gyrofrequency, have been observed by various types of satellite instruments (fluxgate and search coil magnetometers and electric field sensors), but most recent studies have used data from search coil sensors, and many have been restricted to high harmonics. We report here on a survey of low‐harmonic waves, based on electric and magnetic field data from the Electric Fields and Waves double probe and Electric and Magnetic Field Instrument Suite and Integrated Science fluxgate magnetometer instruments, respectively, on the Van Allen Probes spacecraft during its first full precession through all local times, from 1 October 2012 to 13 July 2014. These waves were observed both inside and outside the plasmapause (PP), at L shells from 2.4 to ~6 (the spacecraft apogee), and in regions with plasma number densities ranging from 10 to >1000 cm−3. Consistent with earlier studies, wave occurrence was sharply peaked near the magnetic equator. Waves appeared at all local times but were more common from noon to dusk, and often occurred within 3 h after substorm injections. Outside the PP occurrence maximized broadly across noon, and inside the PP occurrence maximized in the dusk sector, in an extended plasmasphere. We confirm recent ray‐tracing studies showing wave refraction and/or reflection at PP‐like boundaries. Comparison with waveform receiver data indicates that in some cases these low‐harmonic magnetosonic wave events occurred independently of higher‐harmonic waves; this indicates the importance of including this population in future studies of radiation belt dynamics.
Monitoring changes in seismic velocity related to an ongoing rapid inflation event at Okmok volcano, Alaska
Authors: Bennington Ninfa L. , Haney Matthew , De Angelis Silvio , Thurber Clifford H. , Freymueller Jeffrey 
Published: July 2015

AbstractOkmok is one of the most active volcanoes in the Aleutian Arc. In an effort to improve our ability to detect precursory activity leading to eruption at Okmok, we monitor a recent, and possibly ongoing, GPS‐inferred rapid inflation event at the volcano using ambient noise interferometry (ANI). Applying this method, we identify changes in seismic velocity outside of Okmok's caldera, which are related to the hydrologic cycle. Within the caldera, we observe decreases in seismic velocity that are associated with the GPS‐inferred rapid inflation event. We also determine temporal changes in waveform decorrelation and show a continual increase in decorrelation rate over the time associated with the rapid inflation event. The magnitude of relative velocity decreases and decorrelation rate increases are comparable to previous studies at Piton de la Fournaise that associate such changes with increased production of volatiles and/or magmatic intrusion within the magma reservoir and associated opening of fractures and/or fissures. Notably, the largest decrease in relative velocity occurs along the intrastation path passing nearest to the center of the caldera. This observation, along with equal amplitude relative velocity decreases revealed via analysis of intracaldera autocorrelations, suggests that the inflation source may be located approximately within the center of the caldera and represent recharge of shallow magma storage in this location. Importantly, there is a relative absence of seismicity associated with this and previous rapid inflation events at Okmok. Thus, these ANI results are the first seismic evidence of such rapid inflation at the volcano.
Development and external validation of nomograms predicting distant metastases and overall survival after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery for patients with nonmetastatic osteosarcoma: A multi‐institutional study
Authors: Ogura Koichi , Fujiwara Tomohiro , Yasunaga Hideo , Matsui Hiroki , Jeon Dae‐Geun , Cho Wan Hyeong , Hiraga Hiroaki , Ishii Takeshi , Yonemoto Tsukasa , Kamoda Hiroto , Ozaki Toshifumi , Kozawa Eiji , Nishida Yoshihiro , Morioka Hideo , Hiruma Toru , Kakunaga Shigeki , Ueda Takafumi , Tsuda Yusuke , Kawano Hirotaka , Kawai Akira 
Published: July 2015

BACKGROUNDIn this era of individualized cancer treatment, data that could be applied to predicting the survival of patients with osteosarcoma are still limited because of the rarity of the disease and the difficulty in accumulating a sufficient number of patients. Therefore, a multi‐institutional collaboration was implemented to develop and externally validate nomograms that would predict metastasis‐free survival (MFS) and overall survival (OAS) for patients with nonmetastatic osteosarcoma.METHODSThis study retrospectively examined 1070 patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery for nonmetastatic osteosarcoma. Data from Japanese patients (n = 557) were used to develop multivariate nomograms based on Cox regression. Six clinical and pathologic variables were built into nomograms estimating the probability of MFS and OAS 3 and 5 years after diagnosis. The model was internally validated for discrimination and calibration with bootstrap resampling and was externally validated with an independent patient cohort from Korea (n = 513).RESULTSA patient's age, tumor site, and histologic response were found to have a stronger influence on MFS and OAS in the model than sex, tumor size, or pathologic fracture. The nomograms and calibration plots based on these results well predicted the probability of MFS (concordance index, 0.631) and OAS (concordance index, 0.679). The concordance indices for external validation were 0.682 for MFS and 0.665 for OAS.CONCLUSIONSThe nomograms were externally validated and verified to be useful for the prediction of MFS and OAS and for the assessment of the postoperative prognosis. They can be used for counseling patients and for establishing appropriate surveillance strategies after surgery. Cancer 2015;121:3844–3852. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Visibility Evaluation of Expressway–Tunnel Lighting in Consideration of Vehicle Headlights
Authors: Hirakawa Satoshi , Karasawa Yoshinori , Funaki Tsuyoshi 
Published: July 2015

SUMMARYThis paper quantitatively evaluates the visibility of an object on the road illuminated by vehicle headlights under tunnel lighting based on total revealing power (TRP). First, we derived the critical reflectance for drivers to detect an object on the road to calculate TRP. We then characterized the optical properties of vehicle headlights in a real tunnel and evaluated the visibility of objects illuminated by vehicle headlights and tunnel lighting. We found that the high‐beam headlights assured the visibility of reverse silhouette vision. We have shown that the visibility of the tunnel lighting mainly involves silhouette vision. It is found that the visibility of an obstacle on the road is not greatly changed depending on headlights.
Vertical transport of subwavelength localized surface electromagnetic modes
Authors: Gao Fei , Gao Zhen , Zhang Youming , Shi Xihang , Yang Zhaoju , Zhang Baile 
Published: July 2015

AbstractTransport of subwavelength electromagnetic (EM) energy has been achieved through near‐field coupling of highly confined surface EM modes supported by plasmonic nanoparticles, in a configuration usually on a two‐dimensional (2D) substrate. Vertical transport of similar modes along the third dimension, on the other hand, can bring more flexibility in designs of functional photonic devices, but this phenomenon has not been observed in reality. In this paper, designer (or spoof) surface plasmon resonators (‘plasmonic meta‐atoms’) are stacked in the direction vertical to their individual planes in demonstrating vertical transport of subwavelength localized surface EM modes. The dispersion relation of this vertical transport is determined from coupled‐mode theory and is verified with a near‐field transmission spectrum and field mapping with a microwave near‐field scanning stage. This work extends the near‐field coupled resonator optical waveguide (CROW) theory into the vertical direction, and may find applications in novel three‐dimensional slow‐light structures, filters, and photonic circuits.
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Experimental evaluation and prediction of deep drawability of adhesive bonded steel sheets
Authors: Satheeshkumar V. , Narayanan R. Ganesh 
Published: July 2015

The main aim of the present work is to experimentally evaluate the deep drawing behaviour of adhesive bonded sheets at different adhesive properties and predict the same using finite element simulations. The deep drawing quality steel and SS316L stainless steel are used as base materials for experiments and simulations. The deep drawing behaviour is also predicted using available analytical equations and proposed semi‐empirical equations. Such predictions are validated with experimental results.It is observed that due to increased plasticity of adhesive layer, the hardener rich formulation of adhesive improves the deep drawability of adhesive bonded blanks. The presence of carbon black in the adhesive has improved the drawability of bonded sheets up to a certain limit, say 2% by weight in the present work. The deep drawing behaviour predicted either by approach 1 (by giving experimentally evaluated adhesive properties as input) and by approach 2 (adhesive properties evaluated from rule of mixtures) are almost same, which indicates that both the methods can be used for forming behaviour prediction. The deep drawability predictions are moderately accurate with respect to experimental observation. The accuracy of analytical models for maximum load predictions is encouraging while comparing it with experimental results and numerical predictions. The proposed semi‐empirical equations show promising results to obtain initial estimate about the load‐progression behaviour of bonded sheets.
Destruction or persistence of coral atoll islands in the face of 20th and 21st century sea‐level rise?
Authors: McLean Roger , Kench Paul 
Published: July 2015

The future of low‐lying reef islands has been the subject of international concern, scientific debate, and media interest in the last decade. As a result of sea‐level rise, atoll islands are expected to become increasingly unstable and to be susceptible to potential depopulation by the end of the 21st century. Some have suggested that sea‐level rise has already resulted in widespread erosion and inundation of atoll islands. Here, we analyze the physical changes in over 200 islands on 12 atolls in the central and western Pacific in the past few decades when sea level in the region increased at rates three to four times the global average. Results show little evidence of heightened erosion or reduction in island size. Instead island shores have adjusted their position and morphology in response to human impacts such as seawall construction and to variations in climate–ocean processes. These changes are reviewed and the role of sea‐level rise is evaluated. The implications of this analysis are addressed in two parts. First, we consider the proposition that future sea‐level rise will destabilize atoll islands to such an extent that their inhabitants will be forced to migrate offshore. And second, we identify a series of new challenges relating to risk reduction and adaptation policy for atoll island governments, international agencies, and island communities. These require a substantial shift away from the present adaptation paradigm of external migration and focus on the persistence of atoll islands and in‐country solutions. WIREs Clim Change 2015, 6:445–463. doi: 10.1002/wcc.350This article is categorized under:

Paleoclimates and Current Trends > Earth System Behavior
Assessing Impacts of Climate Change > Evaluating Future Impacts of Climate Change
Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change > Learning from Cases and Analogies
Effects of Acetic Acid on Growth and Lipid Production by Cryptococcus albidus
Authors: Li Xiaomei , Xiong Lian , Chen Xuefang , Huang Chao , Chen Xinde , Ma Longlong 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe cell growth and lipid accumulation process of Cryptococcus albidus were investigated using acetic acid as the sole carbon source at different concentrations. C. albidus showed high tolerance to acetic acid at a high concentration of 30 g L−1. The highest lipid content (32.69 ± 0.50 %) and lipid yield (0.96 ± 0.05 g L−1) were both obtained in the medium with an initial acetic acid concentration of 30 g L−1 on day five. Interestingly, the maximum lipid content and lipid yield was obtained on a different day in a medium with different acetic acid concentration. The fatty acid composition of the lipids accumulated by C. albidus was 16–23 % palmitic acid (C16:0), 3–5 % linolenic acid (C18:3), 42–51 % linoleic acid (C18:2) and 23–27 % oleic acid (C18:1), which was similar to that of soybean oil; thus, this microbial oil has great potential value as a renewable biodiesel feedstock. This work also provides valuable information for further research to use cheap substrates containing a high concentration of acetic acid (such as lignocellulosic hydrolysates), which is an economical and environmentally friendly form of microbial oil production.