bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pediatric skull fracture diagnosis: should 3D CT reconstructions be added as routine imaging?
Authors: Orman Gunes , Wagner Matthias W. , Seeburg Daniel , Zamora Carlos A. , Oshmyansky Alexander , Tekes Aylin , Poretti Andrea , Jallo George I. , Huisman Thierry A. G. M. , Bosemani Thangamadhan 
Published: July 2015

OBJECT
The authors compared the efficacy of combining 2D+3D CT reconstructions with standard 2D CT images in the diagnosis of linear skull fractures in children with head trauma.

METHODS
This was a retrospective evaluation of consecutive head CT studies of children presenting with head trauma. Two experienced pediatric neuroradiologists in consensus created the standard of reference. Three readers independently evaluated the 2D CT images alone and then in combination with the 3D reconstructions for the diagnosis of linear skull fractures. Sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of linear skull fractures utilizing 2D and 2D+3D CT in combination were measured for children less than 2 years of age and for all children for analysis by the 3 readers.

RESULTS
Included in the study were 250 consecutive CT studies of 250 patients (167 boys and 83 girls). The mean age of the children was 7.82 years (range 4 days to 17.4 years). 2D+3D CT combined had a higher sensitivity and specificity (83.9% and 97.1%, respectively) compared with 2D alone (78.2% and 92.8%, respectively) with statistical significance for specificity (p < 0.05) in children less than 2 years of age. 2D+3D CT combined had a higher sensitivity and specificity (81.3% and 90.5%, respectively) compared with 2D alone (74.5% and 89.1%, respectively) with statistical significance for sensitivity (p < 0.05) in all children.

CONCLUSIONS
In this study, 2D+3D CT in combination showed increased sensitivity in the diagnosis of linear skull fractures in all children and increased specificity in children less than 2 years of age. In children less than 2 years of age, added confidence in the interpretation of fractures by distinguishing them from sutures may have a significant implication in the setting of nonaccidental trauma. Furthermore, 3D CT is available at no added cost, scan time, or radiation exposure, providing trainees and clinicians with limited experience an additional valuable tool for routine imaging of pediatric head trauma.
Pourquoi mourir ensemble ? À propos des tombes multiples dans le Néolithique français
Authors: Boulestin Bruno 
Published: July 2015

burials from the French Neolithic, we propose in this paper to formulate these issues in a different way and to draw some conclusions which differ partly from those of these two authors. First of all, multiple burials considered individually cannot be considered as commonplace structures ; we have good reason to think that people buried in a same space have at least
some relationship in death. In that sense they reflect either a particular
social phenomenon, when one death has caused the others, or some particular event when the deaths have the same cause. There is no need however in these cases systematically to evoke bloody stories. For if the
first case corresponds to “ accompanying death”, the second can be explained
by small or large-scale mortality crises, probably more often epidemics and famines, and seldom collective accidents. Considered as a
whole, assemblages containing multiple burials can be classified in two categories according to the probability of the appearance of their configuration. In the first, the coincidences noted concerning the deaths are
made possible by chance. Part of the cemeteries belonging to this category may be commonplace communal ones where particular events sometimes led to burying two persons together. Another part, i. e. the very small assemblages,
is difficult to interpret but could evoke a relegation linked to
the circumstances of death. The second category groups assemblages for which chance alone is unlikely. Their study leads to dividing them into two
groups : one with burials that can be perfectly interpreted in terms of “ accompanying death”, and the other corresponding to burials that could result from mortality crises. “ Accompanying death” can explain some of
the multiple burials and is certain in the funerary region of circular burial pits. Its presence in the cists of the Chamblandes type is also highly probable. On the other hand, it remains undetected in mound graves, the crucial problem being to ascertain whether it is really absent or whether it is merely unrecognised, and inciting us to re-examine the case of some
corridor graves. Neolithic multiple burials are finally far from being just
a curiosity and their precise analysis is a challenge for the coming years. They already give rise to important palaeo-sociological interpretations, but paradoxically they could well lead to reviewing the approach of some aspects of the collective phenomenon.
Contrasting models of the female reproductive tract in four o'clocks (Nyctaginaceae)
Authors: Nores María J. , López Hernán A. , Anton Ana M. , Rudall Paula J. 
Published: July 2015

•Premise of the study:In angiosperms, several carpel tissues are specialized to facilitate pollen‐tube elongation to achieve fertilization. We evaluated the possible evolutionary pathways of the diverse female reproductive tracts in Nyctaginaceae.•Methods:We studied the anatomy of a range of species representing different tribes, using light, fluorescence, scanning electron, and transmission electron microscopy.•Key results:Stigmas have multicellular, multiseriate papillae, except forBoerhavia diffusawith unicellular papillae. The styles are solid, with a strand of transmitting tissue linking the stigma with the ventral ovary wall. InAllionia,Boerhavia, andMirabilis, the transmitting tissue branches into two independent tracts at the base of the ovary and continues across the lateral margins of the funicle to the micropyle; it is composed of cells with thick walls surrounded by abundant extracellular matrix.Bougainvillea,Pisonia, andPisoniellahave a diffuse transmitting tissue and an obturator, a proliferation of cells covered by a layer of secretory papillae that encloses the funicle, placenta, and ventral wall of the gynoecium and contacts with the micropyle.•Conclusions:We propose two models of female reproductive tract, (A) one in which an obturator is absent and the transmitting tissue is compact and branched and (B) one in which an obturator is present and the transmitting tissue is diffuse. On the basis of character optimization, we hypothesize that model B represents the ancestral (plesiomorphic) condition in the family and model A originated once during evolution, within the tribe Nyctagineae.
Environmental niche variation and evolutionary diversification of the Brachypodium distachyon grass complex species in their native circum‐Mediterranean range
Authors: López‐Alvarez Diana , Manzaneda Antonio J. , Rey Pedro J. , Giraldo Patricia , Benavente Elena , Allainguillaume Joël , Mur Luis , Caicedo Ana L. , Hazen Samuel P. , Breiman Adina , Ezrati Smadar , Catalán Pilar 
Published: July 2015

• Premise of the study: We conducted environmental niche modeling (ENM) of the Brachypodium distachyon s.l. complex, a model group of two diploid annual grasses (B. distachyon, B. stacei) and their derived allotetraploid (B. hybridum), native to the circum‐Mediterranean region. We (1) investigated the ENMs of the three species in their native range based on present and past climate data; (2) identified potential overlapping niches of the diploids and their hybrid across four Quaternary windows; (3) tested whether speciation was associated with niche divergence/conservatism in the complex species; and (4) tested for the potential of the polyploid outperforming the diploids in the native range.• Methods: Geo‐referenced data, altitude, and 19 climatic variables were used to construct the ENMs. We used paleoclimate niche models to trace the potential existence of ancestral gene flow among the hybridizing species of the complex.• Key results: Brachypodium distachyon grows in higher, cooler, and wetter places, B. stacei in lower, warmer, and drier places, and B. hybridum in places with intermediate climatic features. Brachypodium hybridum had the largest niche overlap with its parent niches, but a similar distribution range and niche breadth.• Conclusions: Each species had a unique environmental niche though there were multiple niche overlapping areas for the diploids across time, suggesting the potential existence of several hybrid zones during the Pleistocene and the Holocene. No evidence of niche divergence was found, suggesting that species diversification was not driven by ecological speciation but by evolutionary history, though it could be associated to distinct environmental adaptations.
Phylogeny, systematics, and trait evolution of Carex section Glareosae
Authors: Maguilla Enrique , Escudero Marcial , Waterway Marcia J. , Hipp Andrew L. , Luceño Modesto 
Published: July 2015

• Premise of the study: The circumboreal Carex section Glareosae comprises 20–25 currently accepted species. High variability in geographic distribution, ecology, cytogenetics, and morphology has led to historical problems both in species delimitation and in circumscribing the limits of the section, which is one of the major tasks facing caricologists today.• Methods: We performed phylogenetic reconstructions based on ETS, ITS, G3PDH, and matK DNA sequences from 204 samples. Concatenation of gene regions in a supermatrix approach to phylogenetic reconstruction was compared to coalescent‐based species‐tree estimation. Ancestral state reconstructions were performed for eight morphological characters to evaluate correspondence between phylogeny and traits used in traditional classification within the section.• Key results: The results confirm the existence of a core Glareosae comprising 23–25 species. Most species constitute exclusive lineages, and relationships among species are highly resolved with both the supermatrix and coalescent‐based species‐tree approaches. We used ancestral state reconstruction to investigate sources of homoplasy underlying traditional taxonomy and species circumscription. We found that even species apparently not constituting exclusive lineages are morphologically homogeneous, raising the question of whether paraphyly of species is a phylogenetic artifact in our study or evidence of widespread homoplasy in characters used to define species.• Conclusions: This study demonstrates the monophyly of Carex section Glareosae and establishes a phylogenetic framework for the section. Homoplasy makes many of morphological characters difficult to apply for taxon delimitation. The strong concordance between supermatrix and species‐tree approaches to phylogenetic reconstructions suggests that even in the face of incongruence among molecular markers, section‐level or species‐level phylogenies in Carex are tractable.
List of primary types of the larentiine moth species (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) described from Indonesia - a starting point for biodiversity assessment of the subfamily in the region
Authors: Schmidt Olga 
Published: July 2015

The Indonesian geometrid moth fauna is rich and diverse, yet it is poorly studied. This is particularly the case for the second largest geometrid subfamily Larentiinae which comprises moths with predominantly high mountainous distribution in the tropics. The present study provides a first inventory of the primary type specimens of larentiine moth species (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) described from Indonesia.
The list of species described from Indonesia is arranged alphabetically by the tribe, genus, and species, and presents data on 251 species and subspecies. For each species type status, type locality, depository, and a full reference to the original description are listed. Synonyms with Indonesian type localities are included. The study indicates a large part of the Indonesian geometrid fauna belong to the tribe Eupitheciini.
Melampyrum sylvaticum as a pre-diapause host plant of the scarce fritillary (Euphydryas maturna) in Finland
Authors: Nieminen Marko 
Published: July 2015

The scarce fritillary Euphydryas (Hypodryas) maturna (L.) is included in the Habitats Directive's Annexes II and IV(a). Therefore, it is crucially important to be able to define the habitat and breeding places of E. maturna in a correct and unbiased way.
Data on a previously unknown pre-diapause main host plant, the small cow-wheat (Melampyrum sylvaticum L.), of Euphydryas maturna in Finland is presented.
Research Protocol: Development, implementation and evaluation of a cognitive behavioural therapy-based intervention programme for the management of anxiety symptoms in South African children with visual impairments
Authors: Visagie Lisa , Loxton Helene , Silverman Wendy K. 
Published: July 2015

Background: Childhood anxiety presents a serious mental health problem, and it is one of the most common forms of psychological distress reported by youth worldwide. The prevalence of anxiety symptoms amongst South African youth is reported to be significantly higher than in other parts of the world. These high prevalence rates become even more significant when viewed in terms of children with visual impairments, as it is suggested that children with physical disabilities may be more prone, than their non-disabled peers, for the development of psychological difficulties. Objectives: The main aim of this study is to develop, implement and evaluate a specifically tailored anxiety intervention programme for use with South African children with visual impairments. Method: A specifically tailored cognitive-behavioural therapy-based anxiety intervention, for 9–13 year old South African children with visual impairments, will be evaluated in two special schools. The study will employ a randomised wait-list control group design with pre- postand follow-up intervention measures, with two groups each receiving a 10 session anxiety intervention programme. The main outcome measure relates to the participants’ symptoms of anxiety as indicated on the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale. Conclusion: If the anxiety intervention programme is found to be effective in reducing symptoms of anxiety, this universal intervention will lay down the foundation upon which future contextually sensitive (South African) anxiety intervention programmes can be built.
On Rational Equivalence in Tropical Geometry
Authors: Allermann Lars , Hampe Simon , Rau Johannes 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis article discusses the concept of rational equivalence in tropical geometry (and replaces an older, imperfect version). We give the basic definitions in the context of tropical varieties without boundary points and prove some basic properties. We then compute the “bounded” Chow groups of Rn by showing that they are isomorphic to the group of fan cycles. The main step in the proof is of independent interest. We show that every tropical cycle in Rn is a sum of (translated) fan cycles. This also proves that the intersection ring of tropical cycles is generated in codimension 1 (by hypersurfaces).
Assessing cardiac preload by the Initial Systolic Time Interval obtained from impedance cardiography
Authors: Meijer Jan H. , Smorenberg Annemieke , Lust Erik J. , Verdaasdonk Rudolf M. , Johan Groeneveld A. B. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The Initial Systolic Time Interval (ISTI), obtained from the electrocardiogram (ECG) and impedance cardiogram (ICG), is considered to be a measure for the time delay between the electrical and mechanical activity of the heart and reflects an early active period of the cardiac cycle. The clinical relevance of this time interval is subject of study. This paper introduces a method using ISTI to evaluate and predict the circulatory response to fluid administration in patients after coronary artery bypass graft surgery and presents preliminary results of a pilot study by comparing ISTI with cardiac output (CO) responsiveness. Also the use of the pulse transit time (PTT), earlier recommended for this purpose, was investigated. The results showed an inverse relationship between ISTI and CO at all moments of fluid administration and also an inverse relationship between the changes ΔISTI and ΔCO before and after full fluid administration. No relationships between PTT and CO or ΔPTT and ΔCO were found. It is concluded that ISTI is dependent upon preload, and that ISTI has the potential to be used as a clinical parameter assessing preload.
Positive phase error from parallel conductance in tetrapolar bio-impedance measurements and its compensation
Authors: Callaghan Martina F. , Lund Torben , Roitt Ivan M. , Bayford Richard H. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Bioimpedance measurements are of great use and can provide considerable insight into biological processes. However, there are a number of possible sources of measurement error that must be considered. The most dominant source of error is found in bipolar measurements where electrode polarisation effects are superimposed on the true impedance of the sample. Even with the tetrapolar approach that is commonly used to circumvent this issue, other errors can persist. Here we characterise the positive phase and rise in impedance magnitude with frequency that can result from the presence of any parallel conductive pathways in the measurement set-up. It is shown that fitting experimental data to an equivalent electrical circuit model allows for more accurate determination of the true sample impedance as validated through finite element modelling (FEM) of the measurement chamber. Finally, the equivalent circuit model is used to extract dispersion information from cell cultures to characterise their growth.
Our Fat Future: Translating Adipose Stem Cell Therapy
Authors: Nordberg Rachel C. , Loboa Elizabeth G. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract

Summary
Human adipose stem cells (hASCs) have the potential to treat patients with a variety of clinical conditions. Recent advancements in translational research, regulatory policy, and industry have positioned hASCs on the threshold of clinical translation. We discuss the progress and challenges of bringing adipose stem cell therapy into mainstream clinical use.

Significance
This article details the advances made in recent years that have helped move human adipose stem cell therapy toward mainstream clinical use from a translational research, regulatory policy, and industrial standpoint. Four recurrent themes in translational technology as they pertain to human adipose stem cells are discussed: automated closed-system operations, biosensors and real-time monitoring, biomimetics, and rapid manufacturing. In light of recent FDA guidance documents, regulatory concerns about adipose stem cell therapy are discussed. Finally, an update is provided on the current state of clinical trials and the emerging industry that uses human adipose stem cells. This article is expected to stimulate future studies in translational adipose stem cell research.
Carbon Materials With Conductivity Gradients Allow Dynamic Screening of Steep Temperature Differences Along Thin Films
Authors: Berger Alexander , Schöttle Marius , Lebeda Flora , Schmalz Holger , Bösecke Peter , Rosenfeldt Sabine , Greiner Andreas , Retsch Markus 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCarbon materials comprise a wide range of microstructures and excellent electrical and thermal properties while being cost‐effective and readily available. They can be obtained through carbothermal processes at high temperatures, starting from cellulose. Catalytically active compounds, for example, iron salts, strongly influence the carbon microstructure during the graphitization process. Different degrees of structural order can, therefore, be achieved by adjusting the concentration of the iron salts. An infusion withdrawal impregnation approach is used on filter paper to prepare a continuous gradient of the carbon microstructure. This structural change is accompanied by a continuous variation of the closely related electrical and thermal transport properties. Even more, the synergistic interplay of local sheet resistance and thermal diffusivity results in the formation of switchable temperature gradients when an external current is applied. Steady state temperature differences of up to 80 °C are observed along the centimeter‐scaled samples. The controllable temperature gradient formation will be of great interest for applications requiring a fast temperature screening. Furthermore, the temperature gradient can be imposed onto other materials, which will be particularly relevant for advanced thin film characterization applications.
Ionic Selective Separator Design Enables Long‐Life Zinc–Iodine Batteries via Synergistic Anode Stabilization and Polyiodide Shuttle Suppression
Authors: Yang Peng , Zhang Kai , Liu Shizhuo , Zhuang Wubin , Shao Zhipeng , Zhu Kaiping , Lin Lin , Guo Gengde , Wang Wenhui , Zhang Qichong , Yao Yagang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAqueous zinc–iodine batteries show immense potential in the electrochemical energy storage field due to their intrinsic safety and cost‐effectiveness. However, the rampant dendritic growth and continuous side reactions on the zinc anode, coupled with the shuttling phenomenon of polyiodides, severely affect their cyclic life. In response, this study utilizes a carboxyl‐functionalized metal‐organic framework UiO‐66‐(COOH)2 (UC) to modify commercial glass fiber (GF) to develop a novel ionic selective separator (UC/GF). This separator exhibits cation exchange ability for Zn2+ and polyiodides, thereby simultaneously stabilizing the zinc anode and inhibiting the shuttle effect of polyiodides. Enhanced by the abundant polar carboxyl groups, the UC/GF separator can effectively facilitate Zn2+ ion transport and accelerate the desolvation of hydrated zinc ions by its zincophilicity and hydrophilicity, while significantly hindering the transfer of polyiodides via electrostatic repulsion. Consequently, the Zn|UC/GF|Zn symmetric battery enables a long lifespan of over 3400 h at a current density of 5.0 mA cm−2, while the Zn|UC/GF|I2 exhibits an exceptional discharge capacity of 103.8 mAh g−1 after 35 000 cycles at 10 C with a capacity decay rate of only 0.0013% per cycle. This separator modification strategy that synergistically optimizes anode and cathode performance provides unique insights into the commercialization of zinc–iodine batteries.
Decoding the Broadband Emission of 2D Pb‐Sn Halide Perovskites through High‐Throughput Exploration
Authors: Foadian Elham , Yang Jonghee , Harris Sumner B. , Tang Yipeng , Rouleau Christopher M. , Joy Syed , Graham Kenneth R. , Lawrie Benjamin J. , Hu Bin , Ahmadi Mahshid 
Published: August 2024

AbstractUnlike single‐component 2D metal halide perovskites (MHPs) exhibiting sharp excitonic photoluminescence (PL), a broadband PL emerges in mixed Pb‐Sn 2D lattices. Two physical models –self‐trapped exciton and defect‐induced Stokes‐shift – are proposed to explain this unconventional phenomenon. However, the explanations provide limited rationalizations without consideration of the formidable compositional space, and thus, the fundamental origin of broadband PL remains elusive. Herein, the high‐throughput automated experimental workflow is established to systematically explore the broadband PL in mixed Pb‐Sn 2D MHPs, employing PEA (Phenethylammonium) as a model cation known to work as a rigid organic spacer. Spectrally, the broadband PL becomes further broadened with rapid PEA2PbI4 phase segregation with increasing Pb concentrations during early‐stage crystallization. Counterintuitively, MHPs with high Pb concentrations exhibit prolonged PL lifetimes. Hyperspectral microscopy identifies substantial PEA2PbI4 phase segregation in those films, hypothesizing that the establishment of charge transfer excitons by the phase segregation upon crystallization at high‐Pb compositions results in distinctive PL properties. These results indicate that two independent mechanisms—defect‐induced Stoke‐shifts and the establishment of charge transfer excitons by phase segregation—coexist which significantly correlates with the Pb:Sn ratio, thereby simultaneously contributing to the broadband PL emission in 2D mixed Pb‐Sn HPs.