bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hip and lumbar motion: Is there a correlation between flexion and functional tasks?
Authors: Alqhtani RS , Williams JM , Jones MD , Theobald PS 
Published: July 2014

Background: It is common for patients with spinal pain to report evoked pain, associated with a variety of everyday tasks. Despite this, the assessment of an individual with spinal pain usually involves the completion of movements in the cardinal planes, for example flexion and extension. The relationship between these cardinal motions and more functional tasks is yet to be established. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between flexion and more functional everyday sagittal tasks. Methods: Fifty three participants were recruited for this study (age 29.4 years [SD=6.5], weight 75.3 kg [SD=16.4] and height 1.7 m [SD=15.4]). Four daisy-chained accelerometers were attached to the skin over the S1, L3, T12 and lateral thigh. Each sensor provided absolute orientation with respect to gravity, which was used to determine tilt in the sagittal plane. Relative angles between adjacent sensors were used to quantify the motion for the hip, lower lumbar and upper lumbar spine. Ratios between peak values were calculated by dividing one regional peak ROM by another, quantifying regional contribution to motion. Pearson correlation coefficients were used to explore the relationship between the movements of flexion, lifting, stand-to-sit and sit-to-stand. Results: Strong correlations for range of motion are reported between flexion and lifting for the lower-lumbar spine (R2=0.83) and all regions during stand-to-sit and sit-to-stand (R2=0.84–0.92). Strong correlation is also noted between flexion and lifting for hip/lower-lumbar spine ratio (0.84). No tasks were highly correlated for velocity (R2=0.01–0.72). Conclusions: The lower-lumbar spine appears to demonstrate a relationship between flexion and lifting. However, with the exception of stand-to-sit and sit-to-stand, no other strong correlations between regional range-of-motion, velocity and ratio for a series of sagittal tasks were observed. Implications: These findings suggest that each functional task is distinct using a differing degree of range of motion, velocity and relative motion at the lumbar spine and hip. It is recommended that clinicians explore more than just the cardinal planes of motion in the examination of the spine, as these do not demonstrate the same kinematics as more functional tasks.
Perceptions of Positive Contributions and Burnout in Community Developmental Disability Workers
Authors: Lunsky Yona , Hastings Richard P. , Hensel Jennifer , Arenovich Tamara , Dewa Carolyn S. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Research on staff supporting individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) tends to focus on negative aspects of the work. This study expanded on previous research on the positive consequences that work in the IDD field has on staff using a brief version of the Staff Positive Contributions Questionnaire with 926 staff. Factor analysis suggested two factors: General positive contributions and Positive work motivation. Positive work motivation was associated with high levels of personal accomplishment, but shared limited variance with the other two burnout dimensions (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization). Findings lend support to the idea that we need to consider both positive and negative aspects of work life. This brief scale may be a useful index of how staff benefit from their work.
Tunisia, Egypt and the voices of the revolution in Al Jazeera English
Authors: Sarnelli Viola 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Although satellite channels still have a central importance for the circulation of news in the Middle East and North Africa, the attention of many scholars has recently shifted towards the development of social media and their political use in the region. This article aims to focus on the convergence between the two media fields, specifically looking at how social networks’ contents have been selected and amplified by Al Jazeera English during the Tunisian and Egyptian 2011 revolutions. These issues are illustrated through the analysis of a selection of videos and posts published online by Al Jazeera English from 4 January to 11 February 2011.
Even though other media brands previously experimented with user-generated contents, the article argues that Al Jazeera English promoted a new configuration of ‘big’ and ‘small’ media in the MENA (Middle East and North African countries) region, based on the already well-established local media convergence.
The article also intends to explore the profile of the international public interacting with the channel’s website during the Egyptian Revolution. To do so, it analyses a selection of the comments left by the readers from 28 January to 11 February 2011, showing how during the revolts the channel became a reference point for a large international audience.
Countering cultural hegemony: Audience research in the Arab world
Authors: Mellor Noha 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The article provides a critical review of Arab scholarship on audience studies, focusing on the themes and different traditions adopted by Arab scholars, such as positivism versus cultural studies. Drawing on several examples of audience studies in the Arab world, I argue that this type of research has been influenced by the call to document and counter western cultural hegemony. While the majority of these studies quantitatively measure media consumption in terms of time used on these media and type of programmes watched, the underpinning assumption is the need to counter the negative impact of imported cultural programmes on Arab audiences, particularly youth. I argue that Arab researchers here are situated as experts detached from the audiences, thereby positioning themselves in a knowledge hierarchy above the subjects of their research. The review shows the implied view of Arab audiences as passive receivers of information, and potential victims of the recent technological innovation of communication.
El peso real de la deuda de estudios. Análisis cualitativo de la trayectoria de endeudamiento de los jóvenes deudores del sistema de financiamiento universitario Corfo
Authors: Perez-Roa Lorena 
Published: July 2014

A partir de un estudio cualitativo realizado con jóvenes adultos -entre 25 y 36 años- deudores de los créditos de pregrado otorgados por la Corporación de Fomento de la Producción (en adelante Corfo )y residentes en Santiago de Chile, el presente trabajo se ocupa de analizar sus trayectoria de endeudamiento educacional. Los principales hallazgos dan cuenta de las proyecciones económicas y profesionales que los deudores asumen cuando acceden al crédito, las estrategias familiares desarrolladas para obtener y responder al crédito y las difíciles consecuencias personales y familiares que ha significado para los deudores responder a las exigencias de rembolso del crédito.
Error Analysis for the Finite Element Approximation of Transmission Eigenvalues
Authors: Cakoni Fioralba , Monk Peter , Sun Jiguang 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
In this paper
we consider the transmission eigenvalue problem corresponding to acoustic scattering by a bounded isotropic inhomogeneous object in two dimensions. This is a non-self-adjoint eigenvalue problem for a quadratic pencil of operators. In particular we are concerned with theoretical error analysis of a finite element method for computing the eigenvalues and corresponding eigenfunctions. Our analysis of convergence makes use of Osborn's perturbation theory for eigenvalues of non-self-adjoint compact operators. Some numerical examples are presented to confirm our theoretical error analysis.
Identification of a novel PHEX mutation in a Chinese family with X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets using exome sequencing
Authors: Yuan Lamei , Wu Song , Xu Hongbo , Xiao Jingjing , Yang Zhijian , Xia Hong , Liu An , Hu Pengzhi , Lu Anjie , Chen Yulan , Xu Fengping , Deng Hao 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Familial hypophosphatemic rickets (HR), the most common inherited form of rickets, is a group of inherited renal phosphate wasting disorders characterized by growth retardation, rickets with bone deformities, osteomalacia, poor dental development, and hypophosphatemia. The purpose of this study was to identify the genetic defect responsible for familial HR in a four-generation Chinese Han pedigree by exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing. Clinical features include skeletal deformities, teeth abnormalities, hearing impairments and variable serum phosphate level in patients of this family. A novel deletion mutation, c.1553delT (p.F518Sfs*4), was identified in the X-linked phosphate regulating endopeptidase homolog gene (PHEX). The mutation is predicted to result in prematurely truncated and loss-of-function PHEX protein. Our data suggest that exome sequencing is a powerful tool to discover mutation(s) in HR, a disorder with genetic and clinical heterogeneity. The findings may also provide new insights into the cause and diagnosis of HR, and have implications for genetic counseling and clinical management.
Teaching a subject on leadership and intrapersonal development: some personal reflections
Authors: Dorcas Allen 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA 14-week university course on Leadership and Intrapersonal development was taught in the fall of 2011 to a group of 49 undergraduate students. The teacher reflects on different aspects of the course, his experience as a teacher, his views on how the course impacted him and his students, and the need for such a course at the university. It was concluded that the course is an excellent platform to develop more critical-minded students who are better equipped to tackle university studies and life in general.
Perceived benefits of a university subject on leadership and intrapersonal development
Authors: Shek Daniel T.L. , Leung Janet T.Y. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis paper examines the perceived benefits of a university subject on leadership and intrapersonal development (“Tomorrow’s Leaders” at The Hong Kong Polytechnic University) from the perspective of the students. Based on the reflections of 62 students, several perceived benefits of the subject were identified, including promotion of self-understanding, enhancement of intrapersonal and interpersonal qualities, improvement of relationships with peers and their families, cultivation of new perspectives towards life, development of moral and ethical decision-making capacities, having better adjustment to the university life, acquisition of knowledge and skills to become effective leaders, and building up of competencies that will be useful in their future lives and career. These findings illustrate the importance of an effective university subject that attempts to promote the holistic development of young people.
A methodology for solving the one-dimensional mono-energetic
transport equation in homogeneous semi-infinite medium
Authors: Samin Adib , Ciccarello Travis , Cao Lei 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
In this paper,
we implement and verify an algorithm based on the
eigendecomposition method to solve the one-dimensional mono-energetic
transport equation in a semi-infinite medium with isotropic scattering.
Using our algorithm, we produce approximate closed-form expressions for the
solution. Moreover, the algorithm does not utilize a Laplace transform,
offers reasonable accuracy, and displays rapid convergence using a
relatively small number of quadrature points.
Complexity in language and in law
Authors: Sampson Geoffrey 
Published: July 2014

AbstractTwo kinds of objection are made to the claim that some languages are simpler than others. Many linguists have asserted that, as a matter of empirical observation, all languages are roughly equal in complexity, but very little evidence has been cited. A more weighty objection is that the claim is meaningless because the complexity of different languages is incommensurable. It may not be numerically quantifiable; but a comparison with the evolution of legal systems shows that that does not make claims of differential complexity meaningless.
Network science as a method of measuring language complexity
Authors: Vitevitch Michael 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe physical, mathematical, and information sciences have developed a number of ways to measure complexity and complex systems in the social, biological, and physical domains. One way of measuring complex systems that might be useful to language scientists is the set of tools from the interdisciplinary field known as network science. A number of studies that have used the tools of network science to examine various aspects of language and language processing are summarized. It is acknowledged that much work must be done to use the tools of network science to address the debate about the (equal) complexity of languages. However, this work may prove useful to language scientists interested in the (equal) complexity of languages, as well as in other topics about language. Furthermore, the distinct structural characteristics observed in networks of several languages to date may also prove useful to network scientists as they try to understand how certain structural characteristics influence network dynamics in other domains. Language scientists are urged to embrace the techniques of network science to address the question of the complexity of languages.
Correlation between neopterin levels in premature infants with sepsis and the signs and symptoms of neonatal sepsis using the Töllner sepsis score
Authors: Anggara Mohamad Yanuar , Gurnida Dida Akhmad , Effendi Sjarif Hidajat 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Neonatal sepsis in premature infants is difficult to diagnose, and available markers are still varied. Neopterin is a derivative of pyrazino-pyrimidine produced by macrophages when stimulated by interferon γ. This study aimed to measure and compare the concentration of serum neopterin between groups of neonates with and without sepsis, and its correlation with Töllner’s sepsis score (TSS). This analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design included 46 premature infants with (n=23) and without neonatal sepsis (n=23). Data analysis using the Mann-Whitney U-test was performed to compare the levels of neopterin in premature infants with and without neonatal sepsis, and the Spearman rank correlation test to determine the correlation between neopterin levels and TSS. Neopterin levels in the sepsis group were higher than in the non-sepsis group (116 vs. 41.1 nmol/L; p<0.001). This study also showed a positive correlation between neopterin levels in premature infants with neonatal sepsis and TSS (r=0.776, p<0.001). Neopterin levels were higher in premature infants with neonatal sepsis than in those without it and positively correlated with TSS.
QT-AIM analysis of neutral pterin and its anionic and cationic forms
Authors: Reibnegger Gilbert 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QT-AIM) allows detailed insight into the electronic structure of molecules by analysis of the gradient vector field of the electronic density distribution function. First results of a QT-AIM analysis of neutral pterin as well as its anionic and cationic forms in aqueous solution are reported based on density functional theory using B3LYP/6–311+G(2d,p)//6–31G(d) level of theory. Besides reporting QT-AIM results of the atomic partial charges and bond orders of the molecules, their electron density functions, Laplacians and electrostatic potential functions are also shown. The results demonstrate the rather extensive delocalization of both negative and positive extra charges predominantly over the pyrimidine moiety of the pterin ring system and allow a precise quantitation of the effects of addition or elimination of a proton on the bonding structure. Quantum chemical techniques in combination with QT-AIM procedures are thus well-suited to describing the bonding structure as well as the major atomic and bonding features of neutral pterin and its cationic and anionic forms. Moreover, the data demonstrate that the chosen level of theory yields chemically reasonable results while not being computationally too expensive, thus providing a sound basis for further theoretical chemical work on pteridines.
Dynamic regulation of phenylalanine hydroxylase
Authors: Fuchs Julian E. , Fuchs Dietmar , Liedl Klaus R. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) is the key enzyme in phenylalanine metabolism, catalyzing its oxidative breakdown to tyrosine. Its function in the committed step of amino acid metabolism requires strict regulation. Thus, several regulatory mechanisms are central for an understanding of PAH at the atomistic level. The enzyme is activated by incubation with phenylalanine and inhibited by tetrahydrobiopterin binding. Furthermore, phosphorylation of Ser-16 in the regulatory domain influences enzyme turnover. All major regulatory processes in PAH are connected to the conformational changes within a protein and its oligomeric assembly. The underlying dynamic processes in the enzyme are tackled by a variety of experimental and computational approaches. We especially emphasize the computational approaches, aiming to unravel the changes in the molecular dynamics of PAH that govern allosteric regulation. State-of-the-art molecular dynamics simulations provide access to the conformational transitions in biological macromolecules at the microsecond time scale and beyond. Thus, in silico strategies are promising for the identification of the complex allosteric mechanisms governing PAH activity in vivo.
The Interaction of Bio-Molecules with Lipid Membranes Studied by X-ray Diffraction
Authors: Rheinstädter Maikel , Toppozini Laura , Dies Hannah 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
For the past 100 years, X-ray diffraction has been a powerful and
indispensable tool to study the structure of matter. The challenge
when studying molecular ordering in biological materials is their
inherent disorder and strong fluctuations, which often suppress the
formation of Bragg peaks. In the case of membranes, X-rays can detect
molecules inside and confined between membranes. In this article we
review examples to highlight the capabilities and accomplishments of
X-ray scattering for the determination of membrane structure. X-ray
diffraction gives quantitative information about partitioning of
a small molecule, ethanol, in lipid bilayers. By taking
amyloid-β peptides as examples, it is demonstrated that the
position of peptides in lipid membranes can be determined with high
precision. Confinement between membranes can organize molecules, as is
the case for a mono-nucleotide, adenosine monophosphate, and the
resulting pattern might be important to understand the formation of
short RNA strands. With new approaches and techniques, and the
increasingly powerful and capable devices, X-ray diffraction will
continue to be the work horse for the determination of molecular
structure in biological materials.
Mechanical Behavior Analysis of Asphalt Mixture in Meso-Scale Considering Locally Effective Material
Authors: Dong Zejiao , Gong Xiangbing , Xiao Guiqing , Sun Rongrong 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Both conventional asphalt mix design and current pavement structure design method, known as macro research techniques, cannot take all micro–meso-parameters into consideration. The relationship between meso-structural information and macroscopic mechanical responses was established by using locally effective material method. First, elastic properties of asphalt mortar were obtained based on the resilient modulus test, and an appropriate moving window size was used to calculate the coarse aggregate volume fraction, which was treated as a locally homogenous distribution. Additionally, accounting for the generation of homogenous materials, a locally effective material method was implemented by a mechanical approach method for different asphalt mixtures, and then effective models for finite-element method (FEM) were established. Finally, effective models were calibrated within a small displacement domain based on the digital image correlation monitoring test, and then the FEM results illustrated the different mechanical responses, which show a more reasonable distribution than original models. In conclusion, although effective FEM model are locally equivalent materials, this approach is an effective method without lacking of the ability to figure out these meso-structural differences among various asphalt mixtures.
Small Specimen Test Techniques: 6th Volume
Authors: Sokolov Mikhail A. , Lucon Enrico 
Published: July 2014

Description
Get 16 peer-reviewed papers that were presented at a symposium held January 29-31, 2014 in Houston, TX. The symposium was sponsored by ASTM International Committee E10 on Nuclear Technology and Applications and Subcommittee E10.02 Behavior and Use of Nuclear Structural Materials. The Symposium Chairpersons and STP Editors are Mikhail A. Sokolov, Oak Ridge National Lab, Oak Ridge, TN, USA and Enrico Lucon, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA.
A New Dataset of Spermatogenic vs. Oogenic Transcriptomes in the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Ortiz Marco A , Noble Daniel , Sorokin Elena P , Kimble Judith 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is an important model for studies of germ cell biology, including the meiotic cell cycle, gamete specification as sperm or oocyte, and gamete development. Fundamental to those studies is a genome-level knowledge of the germline transcriptome. Here, we use RNA-Seq to identify genes expressed in isolated XX gonads, which are approximately 95% germline and 5% somatic gonadal tissue. We generate data from mutants making either sperm [fem-3(q96)] or oocytes [fog-2(q71)], both grown at 22°. Our dataset identifies a total of 10,754 mRNAs in the polyadenylated transcriptome of XX gonads, with 2748 enriched in spermatogenic gonads, 1732 enriched in oogenic gonads, and the remaining 6274 not enriched in either. These spermatogenic, oogenic, and gender-neutral gene datasets compare well with those of previous studies, but double the number of genes identified. A comparison of the additional genes found in our study with in situ hybridization patterns in the Kohara database suggests that most are expressed in the germline. We also query our RNA-Seq data for differential exon usage and find 351 mRNAs with sex-enriched isoforms. We suggest that this new dataset will prove useful for studies focusing on C. elegans germ cell biology.