bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinants of prehospital and in-hospital delay in patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis and their influence on the outcome after elective carotid endarterectomy
Authors: Kirchhoff Felix , Knappich Christoph , Kallmayer Michael , Bohmann Bianca , Lohe Vanessa , Tsantilas Pavlos , Naher Shamsun , Eckstein Hans-Henning , Kühnl Andreas 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundThis study analyses the determinants of prehospital (index event to admission) and in-hospital delay (admission to carotid endarterectomy (CEA)). In addition, the analysis addresses the association between prehospital or in-hospital delay and outcomes after CEA for symptomatic patients in German hospitals.Materials and methodsThis retrospective analysis is based on the nationwide German statutory quality assurance database. 55 437 patients were included in the analysis. Prehospital delay was grouped as follows: 180–15, 14–8, 7–3, 2–0 days or ‘in-hospital index event’. In-hospital delay was divided into: 0–1, 2–3 and >3 days. The primary outcome event (POE) was in-hospital stroke or death. Univariate and multivariable regression analyses were performed for statistical analysis. The slope of the linear regression line is given as the β-value, and the rate parameter of the logistic regression is given as the adjusted OR (aOR).ResultsPrehospital delay was 0–2 days in 34.9%, 3–14 days in 29.5% and >14 days in 18.6%. Higher age (β=−1.08, p<0.001) and a more severe index event (transitory ischaemic attack: β=−4.41, p<0.001; stroke: β=−6.05, p<0.001, Ref: amaurosis fugax) were determinants of shorter prehospital delay. Higher age (β=0.28, p<0.001) and female sex (β=0.09, p=0.014) were associated with a longer in-hospital delay. Index event after admission (aOR 1.23, 95% CI: 1.04 to 1.47) and an intermediate in-hospital delay of 2–3 days (aOR 1.15, 95% CI: 1.00 to 1.33) were associated with an increased POE risk.ConclusionsThis study revealed that older age, higher American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) stage, increasing severity of symptoms and ipsilateral moderate stenosis were associated with shorter prehospital delay. Non-specific symptoms were associated with a longer prehospital delay. Regarding in-hospital delay, older age, higher ASA stage, contralateral occlusion, preprocedural examination by a neurologist and admission on Fridays or Saturdays were associated with lagged treatment. A very short (<2 days) prehospital and intermediate in-hospital delay (2–3 days) were associated with increased risk of perioperative stroke or death.
Women working in violence intervention and outreach: providing space for emotional vulnerability and empathy
Authors: Keegan Grace , Jones LaCrisha , Sholi Collette , Campbell Paige-Ashley , Zakrison Tanya L , Hoefer Lea E 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionThere is a growing presence of violence intervention workers who identify as women, yet their unique strengths and challenges have not been described previously. The purpose of this study was to characterize the intersections of gender and violence intervention work.MethodsWe conducted a qualitative study of women working in violence intervention via focus groups. Perceived strengths and risks were explored using a semistructured interviewing technique. Focus groups were transcribed and coded by two separate evaluators. Grounded theory methodology was used for thematic analysis.Results17 violence intervention and outreach specialists who identify as women were included in three focus groups. Common challenges include a sense of powerlessness when faced with inequitable structural limitations and vicarious trauma. When discussing the role of their gender identity in the work, the women reported that men seem more willing to be emotionally vulnerable with women, including disclosures of a history of sexual abuse. Women also experience a lack of respect personally and professionally in their role related to gender. The women revealed a need for leadership opportunities to leverage their strengths and for enhanced training, especially for male colleagues who may benefit from the insights of colleagues who are women.ConclusionsWomen bring unique strengths to roles as violence intervention specialists to deal with trauma and prevent future violence. These findings suggest a need for specific curricula to support women working in violence intervention and further studies that explore the intersectional role of race as well as gender in violence intervention work.Level of Evidence6
Revisiting cosmological constraints on supersymmetric SuperWIMPs
Authors: Deshpande Meera , Hamann Jan , Sengupta Dipan , White Martin , Williams Anthony G. , Wong Yvonne Y. Y. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSuperWIMPs are extremely weakly interacting massive particles that inherit their relic abundance from late decays of frozen-out parent particles. Within supersymmetric models, gravitinos and axinos represent two of the most well motivated superWIMPs. In this paper we revisit constraints on these scenarios from a variety of cosmological observations that probe their production mechanisms as well as the superWIMP kinematic properties in the early Universe. We consider in particular observables of Big Bang Nucleosynthesis and the Cosmic Microwave Background (spectral distortion and anisotropies), which limit the fractional energy injection from the late decays, as well as warm and mixed dark matter constraints derived from the Lyman-$$\alpha $$
α
forest and other small-scale structure observables. We discuss complementary constraints from collider experiments, and argue that cosmological considerations rule out a significant part of the gravitino and the axino superWIMP parameter space.
Multiplicity distribution and entropy of produced gluons in deep inelastic scattering at high energies
Authors: Levin Eugene 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this paper we found the multiplicity distribution of the produced gluons in deep inelastic scattering at large $$z=\ln \left( Q^2_s/Q^2\right) \,\,\gg \,\,1$$

z
=
ln

Q
s
2

/

Q
2

≫

1

where $$ Q_s $$

Q
s

is the saturation momentum and $$Q^2$$

Q
2

is the photon virtuality. It turns out that this distribution at large $$n > \bar{n}$$

n
>

n

¯

almost reproduces the KNO scaling behaviour with the average number of gluons $$ \bar{n} \propto \exp \left( z^2/2 \kappa \right) $$

n

¯

∝
exp

z
2

/
2
κ

, where $$\kappa = 4.88 $$

κ
=
4.88

in the leading order of perturbative QCD. The KNO function $$\Psi \left( \frac{n}{\bar{n}}\right) = \exp \left( -\,n/\bar{n}\right) $$

Ψ

n

n

¯

=
exp

-

n
/

n

¯

. For $$n < \bar{n}$$

n
<

n

¯

we found that $$\sigma _n \propto \Big ( z - \sqrt{2 \,\kappa \,\ln (n-1)}\Big )/(n-1)$$

σ
n

∝

(

z
-

2

κ

ln
(
n
-
1
)

)

/

(
n
-
1
)

. Such small n determine the value of entropy of produced gluons $$S_E = 0.3\, z^2/(2\,\kappa )$$

S
E

=
0.3

z
2

/

(
2

κ
)

at large z. The factor 0.3 stems from the non-perturbative corrections that provide the correct behaviour of the saturation momentum at large b.
Downscaling spatial interaction with socioeconomic attributes
Authors: Tang Chengling , Dong Lei , Guo Hao , Wang Xuechen , Chen Xiao-Jian , Dong Quanhua , Liu Yu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA variety of complex socioeconomic phenomena, for example, migration, commuting, and trade can be abstracted by spatial interaction networks, where nodes represent geographic locations and weighted edges convey the interaction and its strength. However, obtaining fine-grained spatial interaction data is very challenging in practice due to limitations in collection methods and costs, so spatial interaction data such as transportation data and trade data are often only available at a coarse scale. Here, we propose a gravity downscaling (GD) method based on readily accessible socioeconomic data and the gravity law to infer fine-grained interactions from coarse-grained data. GD assumes that interactions of different spatial scales are governed by the similar gravity law and thus can transfer the parameters estimated from coarse-grained regions to fine-grained regions. Results show that GD has an average improvement of 24.6% in Mean Absolute Percentage Error over alternative downscaling methods (i.e., the areal-weighted method and machine learning models) across datasets with different spatial scales and in various regions. Using simple assumptions, GD enables accurate downscaling of spatial interactions, making it applicable to a wide range of fields, including human mobility, transportation, and trade.
A robust study of the dynamics of tumor–immune interaction for public health via fractional framework
Authors: Shutaywi Meshal , Shah Zahir , Jan Rashid 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIt is evident that a tumor is a dangerous lump of tissue developed through the uncontrollable division of cells, replacing healthy tissue with abnormal tissue. It is cancerous and spreads through the lymphatic system or blood within the body of a host individual while the human immune system, consisting of interrelated special cells, tissues, and organs, is employed for the protection of the body from microorganisms, foreign diseases, infections, and toxins. Thus, the conceptualization and understanding of the intersections of tumor–immune cells are valuable. In this article, the natural process of tumor–immune cell interactions is formulated through a mathematical framework. The intricate dynamics of tumor–immune interactions are then represented by means of operators of fractional calculus involving nonlocal and nonsingular kernels. The definitions and basic properties of non-integer derivatives are introduced for the investigation of the proposed system. In addition, a new numerical scheme is introduced for the dynamics, showing the chaos and oscillation of the tumor–immune system. The proposed dynamics of tumor–immune interaction are highlighted with the effect of different input factors. Our findings not only contribute to a thorough comprehension of the complex interactions between input parameters and tumor dynamics, but critical factors that have a major impact on the dynamics are also identified. These outcomes are pivotal for refining and optimizing the proposed system to enhance its predictive accuracy and efficacy in modeling tumor behavior.
How deep learning is complementing deep thinking in ATLAS
Authors: Kar Deepak 
Published: July 2024

AbstractATLAS collaboration uses machine learning (ML) algorithms in many different ways in its physics programme, starting from object reconstruction, simulation of calorimeter showers, signal to background discrimination in searches and measurements, tagging jets based on their origin and so on. Anomaly detection (AD) techniques are also gaining popularity where they are used to find hidden patterns in the data, with lesser dependence on simulated samples as in the case of supervised learning-based methods. ML methods used in detector simulation and in jet tagging in ATLAS will be discussed, along with four searches using ML/AD techniques.
Bifurcation and Instability of a Spatial Epidemic Model
Authors: Yuan Hailong , Zhou You , Yang Xiaoyi , Lv Yang , Guo Gaihui 
Published: July 2024

This paper is concerned with a spatial [Formula: see text] epidemic model with nonlinear incidence rate. First, the existence of the equilibrium is discussed in different conditions. Then the main criteria for the stability and instability of the constant steady-state solutions are presented. In addition, the effect of diffusion coefficients on Turing instability is described. Next, by applying the normal form theory and the center manifold theorem, the existence and direction of Hopf bifurcation for the ordinary differential equations system and the partial differential equations system are given, respectively. The bifurcation diagrams of Hopf and Turing bifurcations are shown. Moreover, a priori estimates and local steady-state bifurcation are investigated. Furthermore, our analysis focuses on providing specific conditions that can determine the local bifurcation direction and extend the local bifurcation to the global one. Finally, the numerical results demonstrate that the intrinsic growth rate, denoted as [Formula: see text], has significant influence on the spatial pattern. Specifically, different patterns appear, with the increase of [Formula: see text]. The obtained results greatly expand on the discovery of pattern formation in the epidemic model.
Axial view on pseudo-composition algebras and train algebras of rank 3
Authors: Gorshkov Ilya , Mamontov Andrey , Staroletov Alexey 
Published: July 2024

We show that pseudo-composition algebras and train algebras of rank 3 generated by idempotents are characterized as axial algebras with fusion laws derived from the Peirce decompositions of idempotents in these classes of algebras. The corresponding axial algebras are called [Formula: see text]-axial algebras, where [Formula: see text] is an element of the ground field. As a first step toward their classification, we describe the 2- and 3-generated subalgebras of such algebras.
An alpha decay study of superheavy nuclei within a Coulomb and proximity potential model including a Q-value dependent surface diffuseness parameter
Authors: Babu Ananya , Damodaran Lisha , Suresh T. P. , Prathapan K. 
Published: July 2024

Using the Coulomb and Proximity Potential Model (CPPM) and a Q-value dependent surface diffuseness parameter in the proximity potential, the alpha decay half-lives of 75 experimentally synthesized superheavy nuclei were determined. Comparisons are made between the obtained results and experimentally determined alpha decay half-lives, as well as the predictions of Yang et al.’s recent study [Nucl. Phys. A 1014 (2021) 122250], which is based on the Unified Fission Model (UFM) with a new preformation parameter. The lowest standard deviation of 0.621 is obtained for CPPM calculations with Q-value-dependent surface diffuseness parameter. The calculation is extended further to estimate the alpha decay half-lives [Formula: see text]119 and [Formula: see text]120 superheavy isotopes and compared with the predictions of UFM. Finally, the results of the calculations are compared to the predictions of the UDL formula [Phys. Rev. Lett. 103 (2009) 072501] and the modified Hutsukawa formula [Nucl. Part. Phys. Proc. 339 (2023) 92].
Perspectives on Drug Development for the Treatment of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in Pregnant Patients and Patients Who Are Breastfeeding
Authors: Cortes Jorge E. , Abruzzese Elisabetta , Cardonick Elyce H. , Hernández-Díaz Sonia , Gutierrez Jamie , Sardegna Mary S. , Torres-Chavez Erica , Dinatale Miriam , Lerro Catherine C. , Gehrke Brenda J. , Shord Stacy S. , De Claro R. Angelo , Theoret Marc R. , DeMaria Peter J. , Norsworthy Kelly J. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) have improved the outcome and life expectancy of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Patients are diagnosed with CML at younger ages, and patients treated for CML may become pregnant or choose to breastfeed. The information available to date on the safety of TKIs during pregnancy and lactation and the optimal management of these patients is largely anecdotal, based on personal or small-group experience, and heterogeneous. A panel of interested parties was convened by U.S. Food and Drug Administration to analyze the current data and discuss possible solutions. Possible solutions include prospective data collection, in clinical trials and in routine clinical practice, a more uniform and specific data collection, and greater coordination among involved entities. As patients with cancer are living longer, frequently receiving therapies for extended periods of time (or for life), data on appropriate management of patients through different reproductive phases of life are needed. It is thus time to change our approach for how to study treatment of cancer (including CML) during pregnancy or breastfeeding to develop evidence-based guidelines for safe and effective patient care.
Outcomes Among Mexican American and Non-Hispanic White Informal Stroke Caregivers
Authors: Lisabeth Lynda D. , Gallo Linda C. , Prvu-Bettger Janet , Kwicklis Madeline , Almendarez Elizabeth M. , Morgenstern Lewis B. 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND:
Informal home care is prevalent among Mexican American stroke survivors, but data on the impact on caregivers are not available. The aim was to assess ethnic differences in informal stroke caregiving and caregiver outcomes at 90 days poststroke.

METHODS:
Informal caregivers were recruited from the population-based Brain Attack Surveillance in Corpus Christi Project (2019–2023), conducted in a bi-ethnic community in Texas. Caregivers of community-dwelling stroke survivors who were not cognitively impaired and not employed by a formal caregiving agency were interviewed. Interviews included sociodemographics, dyad characteristics, Modified Caregiver Strain Index (range 0–26, higher more positive), Positive Aspects of Caregiving scale (range, 5–45, higher more), Patient Health Questionnaire-8 (range, 0–30, higher worse), and PROMIS (Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System)-10 physical (range, 16.2–67.7, higher better) and mental health (range, 21.2–67.6, higher better) summary scores. Stroke survivor data was from interviews and medical records. Propensity score methods were used to balance caregiver and patient factors among Mexican American and Non-Hispanic White caregivers by fitting a model with ethnicity of caregiver as the outcome and predictors being caregiver sociodemographics, patient-caregiver dyad characteristics, and patient sociodemographics and functional disability. Propensity scores were included as a covariate in regression models, considering the association between ethnicity and outcomes.

RESULTS:
Mexican American caregivers were younger, more likely female, and more likely a child of the stroke survivor than Non-Hispanic White caregivers. Mexican American caregiver ethnicity was associated with less caregiver strain (β, −1.87 [95% CI, −3.51 to −0.22]) and depressive symptoms (β, −2.02 [95% CI, −3.41 to −0.64]) and more favorable mental health (β, 4.90 [95% CI, 2.49–7.31]) and positive aspects of caregiving (β, 3.29 [95% CI, 1.35–5.23]) but not associated with physical health.

CONCLUSIONS:
Understanding the mechanisms behind more favorable caregiver outcomes in Mexican American people may aid in the design of culturally sensitive interventions to improve both caregiver and stroke survivor outcomes, potentially across all race and ethnic groups.
Outcomes of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in 813 pediatric patients with Fanconi anemia
Authors: Lum Su Han , Eikema Dirk-Jan , Piepenbroek Brian , Wynn Robert F. , Samarasinghe Sujith , Dalissier Arnaud , Kalwak Krysztof , Ayas Mouhab , Hamladji Rose-Marie , Yesilipek Akif , Dalle Jean-Hugues , Uckan-Cetinkaya Duygu , Bierings Marc , Kupesiz Alphan , Halahleh Khalid , Skorobogatova Elena , Öztürk Gülyüz , Faraci Maura , Renard Cecile , Evans Pamela , Corbacioglu Selim , Locatelli Franco , Dufour Carlo , Risitano Antonio , Peffault de Latour Régis 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the only established curative option for Fanconi anemia (FA)–associated bone marrow failure (BMF)/aplastic anemia (AA) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML)/myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). We performed a retrospective multicenter study on 813 children with FA undergoing first HSCT between 2010 and 2018. Median duration of follow-up was 3.7 years. Median age at transplant was 8.8 years (IQR, 6.5-18.1). Five-year overall survival (OS), event-free survival (EFS), and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)-free, relapse-free survival (GRFS) were 83% (95% confidence interval [CI], 80-86), 78% (95% CI, 75-81), and 70% (95% CI, 67-74), respectively. OS was comparable between matched family donor (MFD; n = 441, 88%) and matched unrelated donor (MUD; n = 162, 86%) and was superior to that of mismatched family donor (MMFD) or mismatched unrelated donor (MMUD; n = 144, 72%) and haploidentical donor (HID; n = 66, 70%; P &lt; .001). In multivariable analysis, a transplant indication of AML/MDS (vs AA/BMF), use of MMFD/MMUD and HID (vs MFD), and fludarabine-cyclophosphamide (FluCy) plus other conditioning (vs FluCy) independently predicted inferior OS, whereas alemtuzumab vs antithymocyte globulin was associated with better OS. Age ≥10 years was associated with worse EFS and GRFS. Cumulative incidences (CINs) of primary and secondary graft failure were 2% and 3% respectively. CINs of grade 3 to 4 acute GVHD and chronic GVHD were 12% and 8% respectively. The 5-year CIN of secondary malignancy was 2%. These data suggest that HSCT should be offered to patients with FA with AA/BMF at a younger age in the presence of a well-matched donor.
Homoharringtonine inhibits the NOTCH/MYC pathway and exhibits antitumor effects in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Suo Shanshan , Zhao Dandan , Li Fenglin , Zhang Yi , Rodriguez-Rodriguez Sonia , Nguyen Le Xuan Truong , Ghoda Lucy , Carlesso Nadia , Marcucci Guido , Zhang Bin , Jin Jie 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We report on the antileukemic activity of homoharringtonine (HHT) in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). We showed that HHT inhibited the NOTCH/MYC pathway and induced significantly longer survival in mouse and patient-derived T-ALL xenograft models, supporting HHT as a promising agent for T-ALL.
Multiomics analysis of IgM monoclonal gammopathies reveals epigenetic influence on oncogenesis via DNA methylation
Authors: Chohan Karan , Paludo Jonas , Dasari Surendra , Mondello Patrizia , Novak Joseph P. , Abeykoon Jithma P. , Wenzl Kerstin , Yang Zhi-Zhang , Jalali Shahrzad , Bhardwaj Vaishali , Krull Jordan E. , Braggio Esteban , Manske Michelle K. , Paulus Aneel , Reeder Craig B. , Ailawadhi Sikander , Chanan-Khan Asher , Kapoor Prashant , Kyle Robert A. , Gertz Morie A. , Novak Anne J. , Ansell Stephen M. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Currently, the role of DNA methylation in the immunoglobulin M (IgM) monoclonal gammopathy disease spectrum remains poorly understood. In the present study, a multiomics prospective analysis was conducted integrating DNA methylation, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), and whole-exome sequencing data in 34 subjects (23 with Waldenström macroglobulinemia [WM], 6 with IgM monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance [MGUS], and 5 normal controls). Analysis was focused on defining differences between IgM gammopathies (WM/IgM-MGUS) compared with controls, and specifically between WM and IgM-MGUS. Between groups, genome-wide DNA methylation analysis demonstrated a significant number of differentially methylated regions that were annotated according to genomic region. Next, integration of RNA-seq data was performed to identify potentially epigenetically deregulated pathways. We found that pathways involved in cell cycle, metabolism, cytokine/immune signaling, cytoskeleton, tumor microenvironment, and intracellular signaling were differentially activated and potentially epigenetically regulated. Importantly, there was a positive enrichment of the CXCR4 signaling pathway along with several interleukin (interleukin 6 [IL-6], IL-8, and IL-15) signaling pathways in WM compared with IgM-MGUS. Further assessment of known tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes uncovered differential promoter methylation of several targets with concordant change in gene expression, including CCND1 and CD79B. Overall, this report defines how aberrant DNA methylation in IgM gammopathies may play a critical role in the epigenetic control of oncogenesis and key cellular functions.