bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Azithromycin improves lung function in patients with post‐lung transplant bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Kingah Pascal L. , Muma Gilbert , Soubani Ayman 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIntroductionAzithromycin has been shown to reverse or halt the decline of forced expiratory volume in one s (FEV1) in patients with bronchiolitis obliterans (BOS) syndrome following lung transplant. The overall effect of azithromycin on the absolute values of FEV1 has not been compared between reported studies. We studied the effects of azithromycin on lung function in patients with post‐lung transplant BOS syndrome.MethodsA meta‐analysis was performed using studies identified following an extensive database search. To be included, studies were published in English or French and explicitly reported percentage change in FEV1 or hazard ratios.ResultsA total of 10 studies were included in this review. One hundred and forty patients were evaluated after treatment with azithromycin for an average follow‐up period of seven months. The mean percentage increase in FEV1 was 8.8 (CI 5.1–12.47) p < 0.001. The pooled hazard ratio was 0.25 (CI 0.06–0.56) p = 0.041 for a mean follow‐up period of 2.9 yr.ConclusionThis study demonstrated a significant improvement in lung function in patients with BOS syndrome following lung transplant after seven months of treatment. It remains uncertain whether this improvement stays after seven months. We also found that patients on azithromycin were less likely to die from BOS syndrome compared with patients who were not on azithromycin.
Long in the Horn: An Agricultural Anthropology of Livestock Improvement
Authors: Brown Tad 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis article explores the evolutionary history of Pineywoods cattle, an endangered breed of landrace cattle in the southeastern United States, including recent efforts by the Pineywoods Cattle Registry & Breeders Association to conserve the remaining diversity within the population. The human dimension of the breed's development is important to both the history of selection within herds and the ongoing process of conservation. There exists a need for applied anthropology to engage with in situ animal genetic resource conservation because the sociality of livestock breeding necessarily involves both humans and livestock.
Large Pseudoaneurysm of the Mitral Annulus as an Infective Endocarditis Complication: A 3D Echocardiography Role in Diagnosis and Surgical Procedure
Authors: Moreno Nuno , Sánchez‐Enrique Cristina , Marcos‐Alberca Pedro , de Agustín José Alberto , Luengo Pablo , Maroto Luis , Pérez de Isla Leopoldo , Macaya Carlos 
Published: June 2014

Mini‐AbstractIn this report, we present the case of an 85‐year‐old patient with a recent history of an infective endocarditis (IE) referred to our hospital for severe mitral regurgitation. After closer observation, echocardiography showed a large pseudoaneurysm in the posterior mitral annulus opening into the left ventricle. Anatomical assessment by 2D and 3D transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) was essential for a detailed morphologic characterization and surgical procedure delineation. This type of IE mitral periannular extension is uncommon and early surgical intervention is critical, however the outcome is still often adverse.
Crystallographic orientation and temperature effects on the fatigue crack growth rate and resulting fracture surface morphology in PWA1484 single crystal superalloy
Authors: Adair B. S. , Johnson W. S. , Antolovich S. D. , Staroselsky A. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTThis research looked at the effect of crystallographic orientation and temperature on the fatigue crack growth rate and the resulting fracture surface morphology in PWA1484 single crystal superalloy. Two groups of single edge notch tension specimens, one group with controlled secondary orientations and one group with uncontrolled secondary orientation, were tested at temperatures from 649°C to 982°C at R‐ratios of 0.1 and 0.7. It was found that the effect of temperature on the crack growth rate becomes more pronounced as the crack driving force increases while the secondary orientation and R‐ratio effects on the crack growth rate increase with increasing temperature. Two types of crack surface morphology were seen during fractography. The first was a precipitate avoidance (γ′ avoidance) morphology that was rolling but still predominantly flat when observed on a larger scale. In <001> primary oriented specimens, this fracture mode tended to follow the precipitate/matrix faces (microscopically cubic) while macroscopically staying essentially normal to the applied loads. The second mode was a form of cleavage (γ′ shearing) and occurred predominantly on octahedral crystallographic planes.
Fracture of pearlitic ductile cast iron under different loading conditions
Authors: Fernandino D. O. , Boeri R. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTIn this study, fracture surfaces of pearlitic ductile iron generated under impact, bending and fatigue tests were characterised and compared. The fracture mechanisms in each case were identified from the observation of scanning electron microscopy images, and the characteristic topographic features were quantitatively and qualitatively evaluated. Cleavage was the predominant fracture mechanism for impact loading at all test temperatures and for slow bending testing. On the other hand, under fatigue loading, the fracture surfaces showed a mix of cleavage and ductile striation areas. A complex but reliable methodology for the determination of the direction of propagation of the main crack was also proposed, based on a careful analysis of the river patterns along the cleavage planes.
An invasive species may be better than none: invasive signal and native noble crayfish have similar community effects
Authors: Lagrue Clement , Podgorniak Thomas , Lecerf Antoine , Bollache Loïc 
Published: June 2014

SummaryHuman activities have resulted in the decline of native crayfish and promoted the spread of invasive crayfish species inEuropean fresh waters, threatening ecosystem structure and functioning.We compared effects of native noble crayfish (Astacus astacus), invasive signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus) and of the absence of crayfish on leaf litter breakdown and invertebrate prey density and biomass in stream ecosystems.In microcosm experiments, invertebrate shredder density was significantly reduced by crayfish presence but similarly affected by the two crayfish species. While crayfish did not directly influence leaf litter breakdown, their presence reduced litter decay rates through predation on invertebrate shredders (i.e. trophic cascade). These effects were again similar between native and invasive crayfish but differed among shredder prey species.Field experiments confirmed that leaf litter breakdown was significantly reduced by crayfish. Although total invertebrate density was not affected by crayfish predation, species‐specific effects were observed (e.g. Limnephilidae [Trichoptera] densities were reduced in the presence of crayfish) but did not differ between native and invasive species.Our results show that crayfish can have strong, but species‐specific, effects on invertebrate prey and indirect effects on leaf litter breakdown. Contrary to previous findings and popular belief, results also indicate that native noble crayfish and invasive signal crayfish have similar effects on stream communities. Hence, from a management perspective, it may be preferable to have invasive crayfish than no crayfish when impairment results in unsuitable habitats for native species.
Deep‐water anoxygenic photosythesis in a ferruginous chemocline
Authors: Crowe S. A. , Maresca J. A. , Jones C. , Sturm A. , Henny C. , Fowle D. A. , Cox R. P. , Delong E. F. , Canfield D. E. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractFerruginous Lake Matano, Indonesia hosts one of the deepest anoxygenic photosynthetic communities on Earth. This community is dominated by low‐light adapted, BChl e‐synthesizing green sulfur bacteria (GSB), which comprise ~25% of the microbial community immediately below the oxic‐anoxic boundary (OAB; 115‐120 m in 2010). The size of this community is dependent on the mixing regime within the lake and the depth of the OAB—at ~117 m, the GSB live near their low‐light limit. Slow growth and C‐fixation rates suggest that the Lake Matano GSB can be supported by sulfide even though it only accumulates to scarcely detectable (low μm to nm) concentrations. A model laboratory strain (Chlorobaculum tepidum) is indeed able to access HS− for oxidation at nm concentrations. Furthermore, the GSB in Lake Matano possess a full complement of S‐oxidizing genes. Together, this physiological and genetic information suggests that deep‐water GSB can be supported by a S‐cycle, even under ferruginous conditions. The constraints we place on the metabolic capacity and physiology of GSB have important geobiological implications. Biomarkers diagnostic of GSB would be a good proxy for anoxic conditions but could not discriminate between euxinic and ferruginous states, and though GSB biomarkers could indicate a substantial GSB community, such a community may exist with very little metabolic activity. The light requirements of GSB indicate that at light levels comparable to those in the OAB of Lake Matano or the Black Sea, GSB would have contributed little to global ocean primary production, nutrient cycling, and banded iron formation (BIF) deposition in the Precambrian. Before the proliferation of oxygenic photosynthesis, shallower OABs and lower light absorption in the ocean's surface waters would have permitted greater light availability to GSB, potentially leading to a greater role for GSB in global biogeochemical cycles.
Serum antibody to Porphyromonas gingivalis in metabolic syndrome among an older Japanese population
Authors: Iwasaki Masanori , Minagawa Kumiko , Sato Misuzu , Kaneko Noboru , Imai Susumu , Yoshihara Akihiro , Miyazaki Hideo 
Published: June 2014

Background and ObjectivePotentially significant associations between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and periodontal disease have been reported in recent studies; however, there is a dearth of literature regarding the relationship of MetS with serum antibody levels to periodontal pathogens. The aim of this cross‐sectional study was to investigate the association between MetS and serum antibody to the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) in 216 Japanese individuals aged 79 years.Materials and MethodsSerum antibody levels to P. gingivalis were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. An elevated serum antibody response was defined as the upper quartile and was considered as the outcome variable. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to evaluate the association of MetS defined by the modified National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria with an elevated antibody status. Adjustments for gender, income, education, smoking status, dental‐care utilisation patterns and brushing frequency were considered.ResultsThe prevalence of MetS was 22.2% (n = 48). Study participants with MetS were 2.9 times more likely to have an elevated serum antibody to P. gingivalis (adjusted odds ratio = 2.91, 95% confidence interval = 1.24–6.85) after simultaneous adjustment for other covariates.ConclusionOur findings suggest an independent relationship between MetS and serum antibody levels to P. gingivalis in the Japanese elderly. Additional longitudinal epidemiologic studies with larger, more diversified samples and more complete information are needed to substantiate our findings.
Effect of pyrimethamine treatment on male rat testicular cell population development
Authors: Gutiérrez‐Pérez O. , Durand‐Montaño C. , Rojas‐Castañeda J. C. , Chavez‐Saldaña M. , Vigueras‐Villaseñor R. M. 
Published: June 2014

SummaryPyrimethamine (PYR) is a drug used in the treatment of newborn with congenital Toxoplasmosis. Even when PYR is highly specific against parasites, it may provoke neutropenia in the patients apart from other affectations, conditions that usually justify its suspension. Moreover, medication against congenital toxoplasmosis coincides with the proliferation stage of Sertoli and germ cells. Although, there are several reports on the effect of this drug on mature testes, records of its effects on the testes of young individuals yet in the process of growth are still lacking. This work was aimed to study the effects of in vivo administration of PYR in the first 21 days of life of male rat pups by evaluating their testicular alterations and its long‐term sequels on fertility. Through the determination of the levels of seminiferous epithelium maturity, apoptotic index and cell proliferation index at 7, 14, 35 and 90 days post‐natal using immunocytochemical studies. The fertility of the treated rats was evaluated at 90 days. PYR‐treated animals were found to undergo some kind of delays in seminiferous epithelium maturity, decreased cell proliferation index and an increase in apoptosis when compared with the control (p < 0.05). Epididymal sperm counts were also affected (p < 0.05). The application of folic acid (FA) in newborns treated with PYR decreased the severity of the problem (p < 0.05). This study provides strong evidence that the effect of PYR on testicular development is specific. It reinforces the importance of FA application in neonates treated with PYR to prevent the effect of the later on spermatogenesis.
Volatile sulphur compound levels and related factors in patients with chronic renal failure
Authors: Gulsahi Ayse , Evirgen Şehrazat , Öztaş Bengi , Genç Yasemin , Çetinel Yasemin 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAimsTo analyse specific volatile sulphur compound(VSC) levels in a group of chronic renal failure (CRF) patients and determine the relationship between these VSC levels and organoleptic measurements, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels, dental and periodontal conditions, salivary flow rate, and tongue coating scores.Materials and MethodsOne examiner performed organoleptic and VSC measurements on fifty patients with CRF before and after haemodialysis (HD) and controls. DMFT and CPITN indexes, tongue coating scores, salivary flow rates were measured. Comparisons were performed using the Mann–Whitney U, Wilcoxon signed‐ranks, and chi‐square tests. Spearman correlation coefficient was used to analyse correlations.ResultsBefore HD, the mean dimethyl sulphide level was 1.04 ± 1.20 in the CRF patients and 0.51 ± 0.65 in controls, with a significant difference. The mean hydrogen sulphide, methyl mercaptan and dimethyl sulphide levels in CRF patients were 1.47 ± 3.04, 1.03 ± 1.85, and 1.04 ± 1.20, respectively, before HD; and 0.53 ± 1.65, 0.48 ± 1.27, and 0.56 ± 0.85, respectively, after HD; with the differences being significant. Methyl mercaptan levels increased with an increase in HD duration. Tongue coating and organoleptic measurements were significantly correlated with methyl mercaptan.ConclusionsDimethyl sulphide is the main VSC in extraoral blood‐borne halitosis; but methyl mercaptan may also contribute to this type of halitosis. A decreased salivary flow rate and an increased pH of the biofilm matrix may be a significant parameter for VSC levels in CRF patients.
The function of multiple ejaculations in bitterling
Authors: Smith C. , Warren M. , Rouchet R. , Reichard M. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn some taxa, males perform multiple ejaculations, which may function in sperm competition or in maintaining a baseline density of spermatozoa in the female reproductive tract to ensure fertilization, a process that has been termed ‘topping up’. We investigated the function of multiple ejaculations in two species of bitterling, the European bitterling (Rhodeus amarus) and Chinese rose bitterling (Rhodeus ocellatus). Bitterling oviposit in living freshwater mussels, with fertilization taking place within the mussel gill cavity. Thus, although fertilization is external, the mussel is analogous to the female reproductive tract in an internally fertilizing species. We measured the frequency of ejaculations and mussel inspections by individual males of two bitterling species in 28 replicated mesocosms and examined focal male responses to rival ejaculations and the presence of females in spawning condition. We used a model of ejaculatory behaviour to simulate the temporal abundance of spermatozoa in mussels. Male R. amarus exhibited high rates of ejaculation and inspection of the siphons of mussels and increased their ejaculation rate in response to the presence of females in spawning condition. Rhodeus ocellatus showed lower overall rates of ejaculation, but significantly elevated ejaculation rate in response to rival ejaculations. The ejaculatory strategy of R. amarus is one that maintains a minimum level of spermatozoa in mussels, which is elevated when the probability of oviposition increases. In contrast, R. ocellatus engages more directly in sperm competition with rivals. We discuss these results in the context of the function of multiple ejaculations and male mating tactics.
Quiet Please! Drug Round Tabards: Are They Effective and Accepted? A Mixed Method Study
Authors: Verweij Lotte , Smeulers Marian , Maaskant Jolanda M. , Vermeulen Hester 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe use of drug round tabards is a widespread intervention that is implemented to reduce the number of interruptions and medication administration errors (MAEs) by nurses; however, evidence for their effectiveness is scarce.PurposeEvaluation of the effect of drug round tabards on the frequency and type of interruptions, MAEs, the linearity between interruptions and MAEs, as well as to explore nurses’ experiences with the tabards.Study DesignA mixed methods before‐after study, with three observation periods on three wards of a Dutch university hospital, combined with personal inquiry and a focus group with nurses.MethodsIn one pre‐implementation period and two post‐implementation periods at 2 weeks and 4 months, interruptions and MAEs were observed during drug rounds. Descriptive statistics and univariable linear regression were used to determine the effects of the tabard, combined with personal inquiry and a focus group to find out experiences with the tabard.FindingsA total of 313 medication administrations were observed. Significant reductions in both interruptions and MAEs were found after implementation of the tabards. In the third period, a decrease of 75% in interruptions and 66% in MAEs was found. Linear regression analysis revealed a model R2 of 10.4%. The implementation topics that emerged can be classified into three themes: personal considerations, patient perceptions, and considerations regarding tabard effectiveness.ConclusionsOur study indicates that this intervention contributes to a reduction in interruptions and MAEs. However, the reduction in MAEs cannot be fully explained by the decrease in interruptions alone; other factors may have also influenced the effect on MAEs. We advocate for further research on complementary interventions that contribute to a further reduction of MAEs.Clinical RelevanceWe can conclude that drug round tabards are effective to improve medication safety and are therefore important for the quality of nursing care and the reduction of MAEs.
Honorary and Ghost Authorship in Nursing Publications
Authors: Kennedy Maureen Shawn , Barnsteiner Jane , Daly John 
Published: June 2014

AbstractPurposeThe purposes of this study were to (a) assess the prevalence of articles with honorary authors and ghost authors in 10 leading peer‐reviewed nursing journals between 2010 to 2012; (b) compare the results to prevalence reported by authors of articles published in high‐impact medical journals; and (c) assess the experiences of editors in the International Academy of Nursing Editors with honorary and guest authorship.MethodsCorresponding authors of articles published in 10 nursing journals between 2010 and 2012 were invited to complete an online survey about the contributions of coauthors to see if the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors () criteria for authorship were met. Additionally, members of the International Academy of Nursing Editors were invited to complete an online survey about their experiences in identifying honorary or ghost authors in articles submitted for publication.FindingsThe prevalence of articles published in 10 nursing journals with honorary authors was 42%, and the prevalence of ghost authorship was 27.6%. This is a greater prevalence than what has been reported among medical journals. Qualitative data yielded five themes: lack of awareness around the rules for authorship; acknowledged need for debate, discussion, and promotion of ethical practice; knowingly tolerating, and sometimes deliberately promoting, transgressions in practice; power relations and expectations; and avoiding scrutiny. Among the 60 respondents to the editor survey, 22 (36.7%) reported identifying honorary authors and 13 (21.7%) reported ghost authors among papers submitted to their publications.ConclusionsInappropriate authorship is a significant problem among scholarly nursing publications.RelevanceIf nursing scholarship is to maintain integrity and be considered trustworthy, and if publications are to be a factor in professional advancement, editors, nursing leaders, and faculty need to disseminate and adhere to ethical authorship practices.
Ashkenazi Jewish population screening for Tay–Sachs disease: The International and Australian experience
Authors: Lew Raelia M , Burnett Leslie , Proos Anné L , Barlow‐Stewart Kristine , Delatycki Martin B , Bankier Agnes , Aizenberg Harry , Field Michael J , Berman Yemima , Fleischer Ronald , Fietz Michael 
Published: June 2014

AbstractInternationally, Tay‐Sachs disease (TSD) preconception screening of Ashkenazi Jewish (AJ) individuals and couples has led to effective primary prevention of TSD. In Australia, adolescent preconception genetic screening programs operate mainly in Jewish community high schools. These existing programs offer an effective means of primary prevention of TSD, are cost effective and safe. However, in the broader Australian community TSD screening is not systematically performed and cases still occur in unscreened AJ individuals. In order to improve the effectiveness of Australian screening, there is a need for definitive guidelines for healthcare professionals to facilitate extension of the proven benefits of preconception TSD screening to all AJ individuals at risk. We performed a systematic review of the relevant literature relating to AJ pre‐conception and antenatal screening for TSD. The evidence was assessed using an established National Health and Medical Research Council evidence grading system. Evaluations of efficacy of TSD screening programs design and execution, cost‐benefit and cost‐utility health economic evaluation, and population outcomes were undertaken. The results have been used to propose a model for universal AJ TSD preconception and antenatal screening for the primary care setting.