bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theoretical and methodological resources for the development of a line of educational policy research/Recursos teórico-metodológicos para el desarrollo de una línea de investigación sobre políticas públicas educativas
Authors: Graffe Gilberto 
Published: February 2015

Se aborda el problema de las políticas públicas desde una perspectiva teórica y metodológica, con especial énfasis en el campo educativo. El interés se centra en brindar insumos a estudiantes y jóvenes investigadores de esta disciplina que permitan abordar con rigurosidad teórica y orientación metodológica, los asuntos relacionados con esta área de la educación a través del desarrollo de una línea de investigación. Se analizan los aportes conceptuales de autores expertos en el área y se exponen los criterios para identificar las fuentes institucionales y formales donde vienen expresadas de manera explícita dichas políticas; así como lo elementos metodológicos fundamentales para poder analizar la políticas públicas educativas a partir del examen de las gestiones de gobiernos.
Potential Invasiveness for Eucalyptus Species in Florida
Authors: Lorentz Kimberly A. , Minogue Patrick J. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractTo assess the potential invasiveness of common eucalyptus species planted for pulpwood, mulch wood or bioenergy crops, field surveys of eucalyptus seedling recruitment were conducted in north and central Florida locations within seed bearing eucalyptus stands and in the proximate plant communities where seed dispersal may occur. Plant communities included non-grazed pasture, intensively site-prepared forestland, abandoned forest road and upland mixed pine- hardwood forest. No eucalyptus seedlings were found in any of the 310 1-m2 survey plots across the two locations. Second, seed addition studies were conducted to determine the relative potential for seedling emergence and survival among Eucalyptus amplifolia, E. camaldulensis and E. grandis added into plots at two seed densities, under disturbed and nondisturbed conditions, in the understory of the eucalyptus stands and in each of the aforementioned proximate plant communities. Overall, the probability of emergence of added seed was very low (P = 0.0 to 0.0032), and seed density effects were not significant. Emergence was significantly greater in disturbed conditions compared to nondisturbed conditions for seedlings originating from natural seed rain from the eucalyptus canopy in central Florida. The amount of time that seedlings survived was greater for E. camaldulensis compared to the other species but no seedlings survived more than 13 wk. These data indicate that under specific favorable conditions, eucalyptus seedlings may establish within or proximate to planted stands, but the overall level of invasiveness demonstrated by E. amplifolia and E. grandis is low for north or central Florida. The demonstrated role of disturbance in facilitating eucalyptus seedling recruitment suggests that a stable perennial plant community (native grasses) should be established instead of bare soil buffer zones to mitigate spread.
Espectro de dispersión de la flora leñosa del bosque tropical caducifolio en el Neotrópico
Authors: Arredondo-Amezcua Libertad , López-Toledo Leonel , Ibarra-Manriquez Guillermo 
Published: February 2015

Mediante una revisión de información bibliográfica y de herbario, se analizó el espectro de dispersión de árboles y lianas de localidades con bosque tropical caducifolio en América, con el objetivo de determinar si este atributo se modifica al considerar diferentes conjuntos florísticos, como floras leñosas regionales o parcelas de muestreo de 0.1 ha. Para estas últimas, se cuantificó el grado de similitud del espectro de dispersión, obtenido mediante el conteo de especies o por el número de individuos. A una escala local, las proporciones de los síndromes de dispersión fueron similares entre la flora y lo obtenido en los muestreos, pero los síndromes de dispersión difirieron entre sí de manera significativa. A nivel Neotropical, el análisis entre tres floras también varió significativamente entre síndromes. Las comparaciones entre parcelas mostraron que existen diferencias significativas entre localidades, tanto entre síndromes de dispersión como entre la interacción síndrome-localidad. Este resultado persiste al analizar formas de crecimiento de manera independiente o considerando su abundancia. Las divergencias encontradas entre localidades no fueron explicadas por la latitud o variables climáticas; pero tanto a nivel local como Neotropical, estas son más claras para las formas de crecimiento, ya que la zoocoria es más importante para árboles y la anemocoria para lianas. Los resultados constatan la complejidad del fenómeno de la dispersión de especies leñosas del bosque tropical caducifolio, por lo que futuros estudios deberán indagar con más detalle la influencia de la escala espacial, así como factores proximales e históricos.
Estudio florístico y de la vegetación del municipio de Buenavista de Cuéllar, Guerrero, México
Authors: Morales-Saldaña Saddan , Martínez-Ambriz Emmanuel , Valencia-Á Susana 
Published: February 2015

Estudios recientes han contribuido al conocimiento florístico del estado de Guerrero; sin embargo, aun existen regiones que no han sido estudiadas, como la parte norte de este, donde se ubica el municipio de Buenavista de Cuéllar, perteneciente a la región terrestre prioritaria 120 “Sierras de Taxco-Huautla”; por lo que se presenta el inventario florístico, un análisis de similitud florística y los tipos de vegetación de este muicipio. La lista florística incluye 611 especies, 331 géneros y 94 familias distribuidas en cinco tipos de vegetación: bosque de Juniperus , bosque de coníferas- Quercus , bosque de Quercus , bosque tropical caducifolio y pastizal inducido. El bosque tropical caducifolio es el más diverso con el 47.46% de las especies vegetales de Buenavista de Cuéllar. Magnoliophyta es el grupo más diverso con el 96.07% de las especies encontradas. Las familias mejor representadas son Asteraceae (81 especies), Fabaceae (60), Apocynaceae (28) y Convolvulaceae (22). Se encontraron 29 especies endémicas para México, 11 para la Cuenca del Balsas y cuatro para Guerrero. El análisis de similitud florística de Buenavista de Cuéllar con la Sierra de Taxco, Sierra de Huautla y el Parque Nacional “General Juan N. Álvarez”, muestra mayor similitud del sitio de estudio con la Sierra de Huautla.
¿La crisis de la biodiversidad es la crisis de la taxonomía?
Authors: Villaseñor José Luis 
Published: February 2015

El compromiso de integrar una lista florística que plasme el conocimiento de la diversidad vegetal a corto plazo, solamente será alcanzado con un cuerpo sólido de taxónomos especialistas, el cual, en lugar de fortalecerse, más bien parece estar en decaimiento. Los objetivos de este trabajo son discutir el papel que han jugado los taxónomos mexicanos en el conocimiento de la flora de México y cuál es el capital humano con que se cuenta en la actualidad, así como analizar el conocimiento que se tiene actualmente sobre la flora de México y su relevancia en las estrategias de conservación de la biodiversidad. Se proponen además, estudios novedosos que podrían complementar el conocimiento taxonómico para lograr definir las zonas más importantes de riqueza y endemicidad ( hotspots ) que complementen o actualicen nuestro Sistema Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas. Los principales resultados señalan que la tasa de descripción de especies nuevas todavía muestra un sesgo importante en el número total de especies en la flora mexicana, ya que cada año se adiciona un número importante, ya sea como especies o como registros nuevos. Gran parte del descubrimiento de la diversidad faltante es obtenido con la revisión especializada del estudio de las colecciones científicas, aunque el número de taxónomos especialistas ha sufrido una disminución considerable. Se discuten algunas líneas emergentes de estudio que han ayudado a definir mejores estrategias de búsqueda y análisis de la biodiversidad, que seguramente facilitarán el trabajo de exploración e investigación de este componente desconocido de la diversidad vegetal del país. Se propone que, evitando la crisis que enfrenta actualmente la taxonomía, se minimizará de manera importante la crisis de la biodiversidad y de otras áreas de investigación afines. Desafortunadamente, el problema de la desaparición de los taxónomos en el mundo (y México no es la excepción), se debe en gran parte a los mecanismos de evaluación de la producción académica, a los ingresos obtenidos mediante recursos extraordinarios (subsidios a proyectos), y al factor de impacto de las revistas donde se publican los resultados. Se debe resolver esto para evitar considerarlos una especie en extinción.
Closer to the rear edge: ecology and genetic diversity down the core‐edge gradient of a marine macroalga
Authors: Zardi G. I. , Nicastro K. R. , Serrão E. A. , Jacinto R. , Monteiro C. A. , Pearson G. A. 
Published: February 2015

A fundamental goal in ecology is to understand distribution and abundance of species. Peripheral populations inhabiting the trailing‐edge of a species' distribution may carry considerable ecological and evolutionary value yet being most threatened under predicted climate change scenarios. However, the nature of species distributional limits and the ecological and genetic implications of living at low latitude rear edges remain unclear. The assumption that population abundance declines towards range edges, where environmental selective pressure increases, is the basis of a wide range of ecological and evolutionary predictions. Empirical data have provided contrasting evidence about the consequences of living at low latitude distributional limits, raising concerns regarding their generality and highlighting the need for combined multidisciplinary tests. Here, we provide a long‐term, comprehensive evaluation of latitudinal patterns in genetic diversity, demographic, morphological and life history traits in the marine macroalga Fucus guiryi.The center to edge transition was mirrored by increasing water and air temperature gradients, with sea surface temperature of coldest months being the most relevant influence on F. guiryi traits. Overall, we identified a strong correlation between ecological data, collected over one year at bimonthly intervals, and distance to the range center. We found decreasing population and individual size towards distributional margins. Similarly, reproductive capacity, threshold size for reproduction, density of reproductive population and recruitment rates showed a core to edge reduction. Temporal variability of individual reproductive effort and recruitment rates did not conform to the general pattern. In contrast, population genetic data did not show a core‐edge gradient, as gene diversity and allelic richness were not significantly lower at edge populations, contradicting predictions of higher drift and bottlenecks for smaller edge populations.The contrasting support provided by genetic and ecological data highlights the need to combine multiple and cross‐disciplinary evidence for a comprehensive understanding of ecological and evolutionary mechanisms linked to species ranges.
Association Between Periodontal Disease and Overweight and Obesity: A Systematic Review
Authors: Keller Amélie , Rohde Jeanett F. , Raymond Kyle , Heitmann Berit L. 
Published: February 2015

Background: Periodontitis and obesity are among the most common chronic disorders affecting the world's populations, and recent reviews suggest a potential link between overweight/obesity and periodontitis. However, because of the scarcity of prospective evidence, previous reviews were primarily based on cross‐sectional studies, with only a few longitudinal or intervention studies included. This study's objective is to examine the time‐dependent association between obesity and periodontitis and how weight changes may affect the development of periodontitis in the general population. Therefore, longitudinal and experimental studies that assessed the association among overweight, obesity, weight gain, waist circumference, and periodontitis are reviewed.Methods: Intervention and longitudinal studies with overweight or obesity as exposure and periodontitis as outcome were searched through the platforms PubMed/Medline and Web of Knowledge.Results: Eight longitudinal and five intervention studies were included. Two of the longitudinal studies found a direct association between degree of overweight at baseline and subsequent risk of developing periodontitis, and a further three studies found a direct association between obesity and development of periodontitis among adults. Two intervention studies on the influence of obesity on periodontal treatment effects found that the response to non‐surgical periodontal treatment was better among lean than obese patients; the remaining three studies did not report treatment differences between obese and lean participants. Among the eight longitudinal studies, one study adjusted for C‐reactive protein (CRP) and biologic markers of inflammation such as CRP, interleukin‐6, and tumor necrosis factor‐α, and inflammation markers were analyzed separately in three of the five intervention studies.Conclusion: This systematic review suggests that overweight, obesity, weight gain, and increased waist circumference may be risk factors for development of periodontitis or worsening of periodontal measures.
Periodontal Status and Whole Salivary Cytokine Profile Among Smokers and Never‐Smokers With and Without Prediabetes
Authors: Javed Fawad , Al‐Kheraif Abdulaziz A. , Al Amri Mohammad D. , Alshehri Mohammed , Vohra Fahim , Al‐Askar Mansour , Malmstrom Hans , Romanos Georgios E. 
Published: February 2015

Background: Whole salivary interleukin (IL)‐1β and IL‐6 in smokers and never‐smokers with prediabetes remains uninvestigated. The aim of this study is to assess the periodontal status and whole salivary IL‐1β and IL‐6 levels among smokers and never‐smokers with and without prediabetes (controls).Methods: Ninety‐five males (45 with prediabetes and 50 systemically healthy controls) were included. Twenty‐seven controls and 29 patients with prediabetes were smokers. Periodontal parameters (plaque index, bleeding on probing, probing depth, clinical attachment loss, and marginal bone loss) were measured, and the number of missing teeth were recorded. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels were recorded. Unstimulated whole saliva samples were collected, unstimulated whole salivary flow rate (UWSFR) was determined, and IL‐1β and IL‐6 levels were measured. P values <0.05 were considered statistically significant.Results: FBG (P <0.05) and HbA1c (P <0.05) levels were higher among patients with prediabetes than controls. All patients with prediabetes were hyperglycemic. UWSFR was significantly higher among controls than among patients with prediabetes (P <0.05). Periodontal parameters and whole salivary IL‐1β and IL‐6 levels were comparable among smokers and never‐smokers with prediabetes. Among controls, periodontal parameters and whole salivary IL‐1β and IL‐6 levels were higher among smokers than never‐smokers (P <0.05).Conclusions: Among controls, periodontal inflammation was worse, and whole salivary IL‐1β and IL‐6 levels are higher in smokers than never‐smokers. Among patients with prediabetes, periodontal inflammation and whole salivary IL‐1β and IL‐6 levels were comparable between smokers and never‐smokers.
The Ice and Salt Challenge: An Atypical Presentation of a Cold Injury
Authors: Vosbikian Michael M. , Ty Jennifer M. 
Published: February 2015

Case:
We present a case of a healthy seventeen-year-old adolescent with a cold injury to the hands from a new phenomenon known as the “ice and salt challenge,” where adolescents hold an ice cube and salt against their skin in competition to see which participant can withstand the discomfort the longest. This competition results in a characteristic injury pattern to the hands. The patient was treated with local wound care and had no long-term deficits.

Conclusion:
It is important for orthopaedic surgeons to be aware of the ice and salt challenge because they may be the first health-care providers to witness its effects. A high index of suspicion is critical in order to properly diagnose, treat, and counsel these patients against risk-taking behaviors.
Complete Wear-Through of a Polyethylene Liner and Metal-Backed Acetabular Cup Resulting in a Unique Form of Catastrophic Total Hip Arthroplasty Failure
Authors: Knudsen Michael L. , Coobs Benjamin R. , Kyle Richard F. 
Published: February 2015

Case:We describe a case of total hip arthroplasty failure where a cobalt-chrome femoral head completely wore through the polyethylene liner and the titanium acetabular cup. The patient subsequently underwent revision total hip arthroplasty with acetabular revision and femoral head exchange.Conclusion:This case illustrates the natural history of catastrophic failure in a metal-on-polyethylene total hip arthroplasty design. If recognized earlier, this patient may have been a candidate for isolated liner and head exchange. Additionally, this case represents a unique complication in using mixed metals in total hip arthroplasty, where the harder cobalt-chrome femoral head wore completely through the much softer titanium component.
Subscapular Abscess in a Nine-Year-Old Female Patient
Authors: Giugale Juan M. , Bosch Patrick P. , Grudziak Jan S. 
Published: February 2015

Case:
The subscapular space is a clinically concealed anatomic space where soft-tissue abscesses can form. To our knowledge, five cases of a subscapular abscess have been reported in the past thirty-four years, so there is little evidence available to guide treatment. We present a unique case of a spontaneous, subscapular abscess due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a pediatric host, and we describe a surgical approach for adequate debridement.

Conclusion:
The effective treatment of a subscapular abscess depends on an accurate, rapid diagnosis and effective surgical debridement. A modified Judet approach provides adequate access to the subscapular space for debridement.
Energy 360: Listening Loudly to Our Members and Our Industry
Authors: Haldorsen Helge Hove 
Published: February 2015

President's column
SPE is unique by design. It is global, it is not-for-profit, it exists for the benefit of its large and diverse membership of 143,000 and the technical content of SPE’s programs is developed by its members. Hence, SPE is an organization in which the primary beneficiaries—the workers and the customers are the same people—the members! SPE’s mission and vision (see boxes) provide us with a world of opportunity to serve our members and the exploration and production (E&P) industry as a whole. At any time, there are hundreds of new initiatives that SPE could consider in delivering an improved value proposition to our members and the E&P industry we serve.
The SPE Board of Directors, elected as global representatives of the members, allocates SPE’s resources across a portfolio of member services in alignment with SPE’s approved strategic plan and the more specific strategic objectives. The Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition (ATCE) in October 2014 in Amsterdam gave us the opportunity to hear from two important groups: senior industry executives and young professionals (YPs). We wanted to hear their ideas, desires, and concerns for improving SPE’s value proposition from their vantage point.
Initiated about 7 years ago, the Industry Advisory Council (IAC) is an international group of senior E&P executives. The IAC meets annually during ATCE. The Amsterdam venue allowed for greater participation by representatives of European companies, along with US and Middle Eastern participants.
The IAC strongly recommends that SPE continues to focus on its core mission. In doing so, SPE provides timely, objective E&P context for its members (e.g., E&P costs are too high, the industry’s competitiveness is being eroded, communities expect more of us, our field forecasts are often too optimistic, and more than 80% of project risks are nontechnical risks). The Society also provides sharing of the latest relevant technology, tools, and the best practices with members quickly to improve health, safety, security, environmental, and social responsibility (HSSE-SR) practices and the industry’s overall value creation.
The IAC also noted that if SPE continues to listen to our industry’s and our members’ needs, the Society’s sharing arenas and conferences will be preferred by the E&P industry because of its spot-on relevance. The IAC would further like to see more focus on the importance of the integration of disciplines and field development teamwork through sessions with more case study focus. I say: Let us make 2015 the year of massive cross-discipline collaboration. E&P value creation is a jigsaw puzzle with many pieces to offer. The role of the project “integrator” is to orchestrate ways of getting great pieces (ideas) from all disciplines such that we end up with the best looking field development picture we can in terms of value creation and forecasts (of schedule, cost, production, reserves, and similar) actually resembling actuals.
Technology Update: MPD Widens Offshore Drilling Capabilities
Authors: Hannegan Don 
Published: February 2015

Technology Update
The second of a two-part series, this article presents an update on several managed-pressure drilling (MPD) technologies in use offshore.
Approximately one-half of all offshore conventional oil and gas resources are known or thought to be undrillable with conventional, open-to-atmosphere circulating fluids systems for safety, economic, and/or technical reasons. In deeper water, pressure on exposed formations created by a tall column of annulus returns in marine risers grossly overbalances many reservoirs, resulting in a higher proportion of undrillable prospects.
Many offshore drilling programs experience a slow rate of penetration and instances of stuck pipe, kicks, and lost circulation, which collectively account for about one-third of all the nonproductive time on drilling projects. As the elapsed time increases, so does the cost per foot drilled and the probability of other things going wrong, creating a temptation for taking short cuts to save time and money. If drilling difficulties lead to the use of excessive casing strings, the result may be reaching total depth with too small a hole for a productive well.
An inherent weakness associated with the hydraulics of conventional circulating fluids systems has become more troublesome. In the face of unexpected downhole pressure environments and wellbore instability, the only way to influence the wellbore pressure profile as drilling progresses is to change the circulating rate (mud pump speed), which influences the equivalent mud weight (EMW). The only means of applying backpressure to increase the wellbore pressure profile is to close the blowout preventer (BOP). Consequently, the primary well-control barrier is limited to the hydrostatic pressure applied to exposed formations.
The root concepts of the hydraulics of conventional drilling were founded in the Spindletop field in Beaumont, Texas, circa 1901. The “Spindletop gushers” were initially a time of celebration. However, resulting wasted resources, fires, and lawsuits prompted a need to drill into the reservoir without experiencing a blowout. The solution was to drill with weighted fluids, literally mud from a cattle pond at the time. Although drilling fluids technology has come a long way, conventional offshore drilling programs still view the hydraulics of the circulating fluids system essentially the same way— and we still commonly refer to drilling fluid as mud.