bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Überarbeitete Anlagen der Typenprüfungen für Trapezprofile – Erläuterungen und Hintergründe
Authors: Huck Gerhard , Misiek Thomas 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAls Reaktion auf die bauaufsichtliche Einführung der Eurocodes wurden die Anlageblätter der Typenprüfungen für Trapezprofile in Abstimmung zwischen den Aufstellern und Prüfämtern für Baustatik überarbeitet. Das Nachweiskonzept und die wesentlichen Nachweise blieben dabei trotz der sich daraus ergebenden geringfügigen Abweichungen von DIN EN 1993‐1‐3 gleich. Lediglich bei den Schubfeldnachweisen ergaben sich inhaltliche Änderungen, die auf neuere Entwicklungen im Nachweiskonzept und die unterschiedlichen Wünsche der jeweiligen Antragsteller zurückzuführen sind. Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt die überarbeiteten Anlagen vor, begründet die Beibehaltung einzelner Regelungen trotz offenkundiger Abweichungen von DIN EN 1993‐1‐3 und erläutert die neuen und überarbeiteten Regelungen und Nachweise.Revised Annexes of Typenprüfungen for trapezoidal sheeting – commentary and background information. As a reaction to the implementation of Eurocodes by the building authority, the annexes of the Typenprüfungen (type approval) for trapezoidal sheeting were revised. The concept of verification and the basic proofs stayed the same, resulting in some small deviations from DIN EN 1993‐1‐3.Proofs for diaphragms and stressed skin design changed, merely resulting from new developments in the concept of verification and different requests of the different applicants. The paper at hand presents the revised annexes, justifies perpetuations for some rules and explains new and revised rules and proofs.
Dünnwandige Freiformstrukturen – The Return of the Rivet
Authors: Laufs Wilfried , Linares Noelia 
Published: December 2014

AbstractDer Aufsatz beschreibt neuartige dünnwandige Freiform‐Metallkonstruktionen, welche parametrisch entworfen, nach digitaler Fertigung mittels Nieten verbunden und vorgefertigt geliefert montiert sind. Während in den letzten Jahrzehnten die Niete als Metall‐Verbundmittel gegenüber dem Schweißen und Schrauben in den Hintergrund gerückt sind, hat das Nieten bei dünnen Stahl‐ oder Aluminiumplatten den Vorteil, schnelle und kleine Verbindungen kraftschlüssig herzustellen, welche gegenüber Schweißnähten kein Vorwärmen/Schweißverzug hervorrufen. Gegenüber einer Verschraubung sind Niete optisch unauffälliger und können zügig geschossen werden, ohne dass weitere Muttern oder Unterlegscheiben benötigt werden.Thin‐walled freeform structures – The return of the rivet: Parametrically formulated metal surfaces. The following article describes innovative thin‐walled freeform metal structures, who are parametrically designed, digitally pre‐fabricated pieces and connected using rivets. While in the past decade the rivet has been largely replaced by welding and bolting as a connecting element in metal construction, it proves to be beneficial in the context of thin steel and aluminum plates, where quick, small, and strong connections are made possible, which do not require pre‐heating or cause distortions as often encountered in welding. They are also generally less visible than bolts and can be shot quickly without requiring any further nuts or washers.
Plastische Tragfähigkeit von gewalzten und geschweißten I‐Querschnitten
Authors: Kindmann Rolf , Ludwig Christian 
Published: December 2014

AbstractFür die plastische Tragfähigkeit von doppeltsymmetrischen I‐Querschnitten werden Empfehlungen zur Durchführung der Nachweise auf Grundlage der DIN EN 1993‐1‐1 gegeben. Es werden Formeln zur Ermittlung der plastischen Grenzschnittgrößen bereitgestellt und Nachweisbedingungen für ausgewählte Schnittgrößenkombinationen angegeben, die für baupraktische Anwendungen benötigt werden und besonders gut geeignet sind. Dabei werden bezüglich der Schnittgrößen folgende Fälle unterschieden:– einzelne Schnittgrößen– Schnittgrößen N, My und Vz– Schnittgrößen N, Mz und Vy– Schnittgrößen N, My, Mz, Vy und Vz– beliebige Schnittgrößen N, My, Mz, Vy und Vz sowie Mω, Mxp und MxsPlastic resistance of rolled and welded I‐cross‐sections – recommendations for practical applications. For the plastic resistance of doubly symmetrical I‐sections recommendations on basis of DIN EN 1993‐1‐1 are presented. Solutions for the plastic limit internal forces and moments and for combinations are given, which are suited very well for practical applications. Following cases are distinguished:– single internal forces or moments– combination of N, My and Vz– combination of N, Mz and Vy– combination of N, My, Mz, Vy and Vz– combination N, My, Mz, Vy, Vz, Mω, Mxp and Mxs
Schwimmende Baukörper – Neubau von zwei Revisionsverschlüssen nach Schiffs‐ und Stahlwasserbauvorschriften
Authors: Henschke Stefan , Heiland Uwe 
Published: December 2014

AbstractDas Inspizieren und Warten von Schleusenanlagen und deren technischer Ausrüstung ist eine wiederkehrende Aufgabe. Hierfür ist die entsprechende Anlage oder der betroffene Teil im Allgemeinen in einen wasserfreien Zustand zu versetzen. Dies geschieht in der Mehrzahl der Fälle durch das Montieren von mobilen, segmentweise aufgebauten Verschlusselementen (Synonym: Dammbalken), die vor und hinter dem “trocken zu legenden“ Abschnitt eingebaut werden, diesen so verriegeln und das Abpumpen des Wassers aus der Schleuse ermöglichen. Für das Abriegeln weitgespannter Schleusenabschnitte oder Tore ist der Einsatz einer Dammbalkenkonstruktion weder statisch noch konstruktiv sinnvoll. Hier werden Sonderlösungen angewendet.Swimming structures – Two new emergency gates according to ship building and hydraulic engineering regulations. The inspection and the maintenance of lock facilities and their technical equipment is a periodic task. Therefore, the whole construction or the section concerned has to be free from water. This is usually made by mobile closing elements (synonym: stop logs) that are assembled segmentally before and after the section to be dried, lock it and allows pumping out the water off the lock. To close off broad lock sections or gates it is neither statically nor structurally useful to work with a stop log construction. This is to find the customized solution.
Maternal serum sFlt‐1/PlGF ratio in twin pregnancies with and without pre‐eclampsia in comparison with singleton pregnancies
Authors: Dröge L. , Herraìz I. , Zeisler H. , Schlembach D. , Stepan H. , Küssel L. , Henrich W. , Galindo A. , Verlohren S. 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveIn singleton pregnancies, soluble fms‐like tyrosine kinase‐1 (sFlt‐1), placental growth factor (PlGF) and the sFlt‐1/PlGF ratio have shown utility as a diagnostic test for pre‐eclampsia (PE). The objective of this study was to characterize the maternal serum levels of sFlt‐1, PlGF and sFlt‐1/PlGF ratio in normal and pre‐eclamptic twin pregnancies.MethodsIn a European multicenter case–control study, 49 women with a twin pregnancy were enrolled, including 31 uneventful and 18 pre‐eclamptic pregnancies. sFlt‐1 and PlGF were measured and receiver–operating characteristics (ROC) analysis was performed. The median sFlt‐1 and PlGF serum concentrations and sFlt‐1/PlGF ratio were compared with those of a singleton cohort, matched for gestational age, with PE (n = 54) and with an uncomplicated pregnancy outcome (n = 238).ResultsIn twin pregnancies with PE, sFlt‐1 levels and the sFlt‐1/PlGF ratio were increased and PlGF levels were decreased as compared with those of twin gestations with an uneventful pregnancy outcome (20 011.50 ± 2330.35 pg/mL vs 4503.00 ± 2012.05 pg/mL (P ≤ 0.001), 164.22 ± 31.35 vs 13.29 ± 319.64 (P ≤ 0.001), and 138.80 ± 20.04 pg/mL vs 403.00 ± 193.10 pg/mL (P ≤ 0.001), respectively). The sFlt‐1/PlGF ratio did not differ between twin pregnancies with PE and singleton pregnancies with PE. In twin pregnancies with an uneventful outcome, sFlt‐1 levels and sFlt‐1/PlGF ratio were increased, but no differences in PlGF concentration were found when compared with that of singleton controls. ROC analysis determined 53 as an optimal cut‐off of the sFlt‐1/PlGF ratio for diagnosing PE in twin gestations, yielding a sensitivity of 94.4% and a specificity of 74.2%. The cut‐off values established for singleton pregnancies, of 33 and 85, led to sensitivities of 100% and 83.3%, and specificities of 67.7% and 80.6%, when used to detect PE in twin pregnancies.ConclusionsSignificant differences in the serum marker levels in singleton vs twin pregnancies were detected. Reference ranges of sFlt‐1, PlGF and their ratio in singleton pregnancies are therefore not transferable to twin pregnancies. Copyright © 2014 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Syntax
Authors: Adger David 
Published: December 2014

Syntax is the cognitive capacity of human beings that allows us to connect linguistic meaning with linguistic form. The study of syntax is a huge field that has generated a great deal of empirical and theoretical work over the decades. This article outlines why understanding our syntactic capacity is important to cognitive science in general and why the data of syntactic research is to be taken seriously. It then provides an overview of a number of broad findings about the character of the syntax of human language, including evidence for abstract constituent structure, core properties of constituents, the importance of functional categories, the link between syntactic structure and meaning, and the range of types of syntactic dependencies, including dependencies of form, dependencies of position, and dependencies that create new meanings.WIREs Cogn Sci2015, 6:131–147. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1332This article is categorized under:Linguistics > Language in Mind and BrainLinguistics > Linguistic TheoryPsychology > Language
Cerebrosides from a Far‐Eastern Glass Sponge Aulosaccus sp.
Authors: Santalova Еlena А. , Denisenko Vladimir А. , Dmitrenok Pavel S. , Drozdov Аnatoly L. , Stonik Valentin A. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractNine new cerebrosides 1a–d, 2a, 2b, 3a–c were found in the extract of a Far‐Eastern glass sponge Aulosaccus sp. (class Hexactinellida). These β‐d‐glucopyranosyl‐(1 → 1)‐ceramides contain sphingoid bases (2S,3S,4R,11Z)‐2‐aminoeicos‐11‐ene‐1,3,4‐triol (in 1a–d), (2S,3S,4R,13Z)‐2‐aminoeicos‐13‐ene‐1,3,4‐triol (in 2a, b) and (2S,3S,4R,13S*,14R*)‐2‐amino‐13,14‐methylene‐eicosane‐1,3,4‐triol (in 3a–c), which are N‐acylated by (2R,15Z)‐2‐hydroxydocos‐15‐enoic (in 1a, 2a, 3a), (2R,16Z)‐2‐hydroxytricos‐16‐enoic (in 1b, 2b, 3b), (2R,17Z)‐2‐hydroxytetracos‐17‐enoic (in 1d) and (2R)‐2‐hydroxydocosanoic (in 1c, 3c) acids. The monoenoic and cyclopropane‐containing sphingoid bases of compounds 1a–d, 2a, 2b, 3a–c have not been found previously in any sphingolipids. The structures of the cerebrosides were elucidated on the basis of 1H‐, 13C‐NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, optical rotation data and chemical transformations. A simplified method for the assignment of the absolute configuration of 2‐hydroxy fatty acids by GC analysis of their (2R)‐ and (2S)‐oct‐2‐yl esters was proposed.
Assessment of response to neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy with F-18 FLT and F-18 FDG PET/CT in patients with rectal cancer
Authors: Rendl Gundula , Rettenbacher Lukas , Holzmannhofer Johannes , Datz Lidwina , Hauser-Kronberger Cornelia , Fastner Gerd , Öfner Dietmar , Sedlmayer Felix , Pirich Christian 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

Objective
The comparison of 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-d-glucose (F-18 FDG) and 3′-deoxy-3′-[18F]fluorothymidine (F-18 FLT) imaging in patients with rectal cancer before and after neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy (RCT) in relation to histopathology and immunohistochemistry obtained from surgery.

Methods
20 consecutive patients (15 m, 5 f), mean age of 65 ± 10 years were included into this prospective study with a mean follow-up of 4.1 ± 0.8 years.

Results
Among histopathological responders (n = 8 out of 20), posttreatment F-18 FLT and F-18 FDG scans were negative in 75 % (n = 6) and 38 % (n = 3), respectively. The mean response index (RI) was 61.0 % ± 14.0 % for F-18 FLT and 58.7 % ± 14.6 % for F-18 FDG imaging. Peritumoral lymphocytic infiltration (CD3 positive cells) was significantly related to posttreatment SUVmax in F-18 FDG but not F-18 FLT studies.

Conclusion
A significant decrease of SUVmax in F-18 FDG and F-18 FLT studies could be seen after RCT. Negative posttreatment F-18 FLT studies identified more histopathological responders.
Hospital admissions, outpatient visits and healthcare costs of community‐dwellers with Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Tolppanen Anna‐Maija , Taipale Heidi , Purmonen Timo , Koponen Marjaana , Soininen Hilkka , Hartikainen Sirpa 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundDetailed data on the health care service use of people with Alzheimer's disease (AD) are scarce.MethodsWe assessed the health care service use of all community‐dwelling persons with clinically verified AD diagnosis, residing in Finland on December 31, 2005 (n = 27,948) in comparison to matched cohort without AD. Hospitalization data during 2006–2009 were extracted from the National Hospital Discharge Register.ResultsComorbidity‐adjusted incidence rate ratios; IRR (95% CI) were 1.25 (1.22–1.28) for inpatient admissions and 0.72 (0.68–0.77) for outpatient visits. People with AD had more general health care admissions (IRR, 95%CI 1.73, 1.67–1.80) but less admissions to specialty units 0.82 (0.79–0.85) than the non‐AD group, with psychiatry being the only specialty with more admissions in the AD group. People with AD had 16 more hospital days/person‐year.ConclusionsIt would be important to assess whether inpatient hospitalizations of AD patients could be decreased by better targeting of outpatient services and whether other conditions are underdiagnosed or undertreated among persons with AD.
Processes controlling atmospheric dispersion through city centres
Authors: Belcher S. E. , Coceal O. , Goulart E. V. , Rudd A. C. , Robins A. G. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWe develop a process-based model for the dispersion of a passive scalar in the turbulent flow around the buildings of a city centre. The street network model is based on dividing the airspace of the streets and intersections into boxes, within which the turbulence renders the air well mixed. Mean flow advection through the network of street and intersection boxes then mediates further lateral dispersion. At the same time turbulent mixing in the vertical detrains scalar from the streets and intersections into the turbulent boundary layer above the buildings. When the geometry is regular, the street network model has an analytical solution that describes the variation in concentration in a near-field downwind of a single source, where the majority of scalar lies below roof level. The power of the analytical solution is that it demonstrates how the concentration is determined by only three parameters. The plume direction parameter describes the branching of scalar at the street intersections and hence determines the direction of the plume centreline, which may be very different from the above-roof wind direction. The transmission parameter determines the distance travelled before the majority of scalar is detrained into the atmospheric boundary layer above roof level and conventional atmospheric turbulence takes over as the dominant mixing process. Finally, a normalised source strength multiplies this pattern of concentration. This analytical solution converges to a Gaussian plume after a large number of intersections have been traversed, providing theoretical justification for previous studies that have developed empirical fits to Gaussian plume models. The analytical solution is shown to compare well with very high-resolution simulations and with wind tunnel experiments, although re-entrainment of scalar previously detrained into the boundary layer above roofs, which is not accounted for in the analytical solution, is shown to become an important process further downwind from the source.
Sealers in the service of science
Authors: Kjær Kjell-G. 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTThis paper describes the co-operation, for the purpose of data collection, that was established between scientific institutions in Scandinavia and the sealing trade in northern Norway in the period 1865–1875. The paper describes the cartographic work carried out by sealing masters, notably the making of new charts of Nordaustlandet, Kong Karls Land and Novaya Zemlya. It also describes how a scientific network in Norway and Sweden saw the potential in the masters’ knowledge of the Arctic and encouraged them to record their observations and to gather scientific data. The reasons why sealing masters engaged in Arctic research are described. The paper includes charts of parts of Svalbard and of Novaya Zemlya based on sealers’ sketches, notes and ship's journals.
Impacts and Effects of Publishing Legal Information in a Small Jurisdiction: Privacy v Open Justice
Authors: du Feu Sue , Lambert James 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis paper, written by Sue du Feu and James Lambert, outlines the challenges faced by the Jersey Legal Information Board (JLIB) in providing free access to legal information. The power of modern internet search engines has implications for a small island jurisdiction wishing to make its case law available on-line (see:www.jerseylaw.je). Having established protocols and policies to ensure a balance between open justice and privacy, several years later, JLIB is faced with concerns from individuals who feel that continuing public access to their earlier misdemeanours is an unfair burden. The paper will explain how the JLIB addressed the challenge of publishing court judgments online while safeguarding the interests of the individual.
Light absorption efficiencies of photosynthetic pigments: the dependence on spectral types of central stars
Authors: Komatsu Yu , Umemura Masayuki , Shoji Mitsuo , Kayanuma Megumi , Yabana Kazuhiro , Shiraishi Kenji 
Published: December 2014

AbstractFor detecting life from reflection spectra on extrasolar planets, trace of photosynthesis is one of the indicators. However, it is not yet clear what kind of radiation environments is acceptable for photosynthesis. Light absorption in photosystems on the Earth occurs using limited photosynthetic pigments such as chlorophylls (Chls) and bacteriochlorophylls (BChls). Efficiencies of light absorption for the pigments were evaluated by calculating the specific molecular absorption spectra at the high accuracy-quantum mechanical level. We used realistic stellar radiation spectra such as F, G, K and M-type stars to investigate the efficiencies. We found that the efficiencies are increased with the temperature of stars, from M to F star. Photosynthetic pigments have two types of absorption bands, the Qy and Soret. In higher temperature stars like F star, contributions from the Soret region of the pigments are dominant for the efficiency. On the other hand, in lower temperature stars like M stars, the Qy band is crucial. Therefore, differences on the absorption intensity and the wavelength between the Qy and Soret band are the most important to characterize the photosynthetic pigments. Among photosynthetic pigments, Chls tend to be efficient in higher temperature stars, while BChls are efficient for M stars. Blueward of the 4000 Å break, the efficiencies of BChls are smaller than Chls in the higher temperature stars.
Do they practice what we teach? Follow-up evaluation of a Schema Therapy training programme
Authors: Kingston Deborah , Moghaddam Nima , Beckley Kerry 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis study evaluated a 3-day Schema Therapy (ST) training programme for trainee clinical psychologists. The training used an experiential model of learning, which was intended to encourage the transfer of knowledge and techniques from the learning environment into clinical practice. Using a mixed-methods approach, the training programme was evaluated in terms of: (1) self-reported changes in knowledge, confidence and willingness to use ST-informed techniques; (2) whether the training was integrated into clinical practice; and (3) the perceived barriers/facilitators to achieving practice integration. Participants – 17 of the 19 trainee clinical psychologists enrolled on the ST training programme – completed assessments immediately pre- and post-training. Participants were subsequently followed-up for reassessment 3 months after the training. Group- and individual-level analyses showed that most participants reported training-related gains in knowledge and confidence; these were largely sustained at follow-up, and were associated with post-training practice integration of ST concepts and techniques. Analysis of qualitative data identified factors moderating use of training in practice. Findings of the study have implications for future delivery and evaluation of training in cognitive-behavioural therapies.
An epigenomic roadmap to induced pluripotency reveals DNA methylation as a reprogramming modulator
Authors: Lee Dong-Sung , Shin Jong-Yeon , Tonge Peter D. , Puri Mira C. , Lee Seungbok , Park Hansoo , Lee Won-Chul , Hussein Samer M. I. , Bleazard Thomas , Yun Ji-Young , Kim Jihye , Li Mira , Cloonan Nicole , Wood David , Clancy Jennifer L. , Mosbergen Rowland , Yi Jae-Hyuk , Yang Kap-Seok , Kim Hyungtae , Rhee Hwanseok , Wells Christine A. , Preiss Thomas , Grimmond Sean M. , Rogers Ian M. , Nagy Andras , Seo Jeong-Sun 
Published: December 2014

AbstractReprogramming of somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem cells involves a dynamic rearrangement of the epigenetic landscape. To characterize this epigenomic roadmap, we have performed MethylC-seq, ChIP-seq (H3K4/K27/K36me3) and RNA-Seq on samples taken at several time points during murine secondary reprogramming as part of Project Grandiose. We find that DNA methylation gain during reprogramming occurs gradually, while loss is achieved only at the ESC-like state. Binding sites of activated factors exhibit focal demethylation during reprogramming, while ESC-like pluripotent cells are distinguished by extension of demethylation to the wider neighbourhood. We observed that genes with CpG-rich promoters demonstrate stable low methylation and strong engagement of histone marks, whereas genes with CpG-poor promoters are safeguarded by methylation. Such DNA methylation-driven control is the key to the regulation of ESC-pluripotency genes, including Dppa4, Dppa5a and Esrrb. These results reveal the crucial role that DNA methylation plays as an epigenetic switch driving somatic cells to pluripotency.
Atomic-scale structure and properties of highly stable antiphase boundary defects in Fe3O4
Authors: McKenna Keith P. , Hofer Florian , Gilks Daniel , Lazarov Vlado K. , Chen Chunlin , Wang Zhongchang , Ikuhara Yuichi 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe complex and intriguing properties of the ferrimagnetic half metal magnetite (Fe3O4) are of continuing fundamental interest as well as being important for practical applications in spintronics, magnetism, catalysis and medicine. There is considerable speculation concerning the role of the ubiquitous antiphase boundary (APB) defects in magnetite, however, direct information on their structure and properties has remained challenging to obtain. Here we combine predictive first principles modelling with high-resolution transmission electron microscopy to unambiguously determine the three-dimensional structure of APBs in magnetite. We demonstrate that APB defects on the {110} planes are unusually stable and induce antiferromagnetic coupling between adjacent domains providing an explanation for the magnetoresistance and reduced spin polarization often observed. We also demonstrate how the high stability of the {110} APB defects is connected to the existence of a metastable bulk phase of Fe3O4, which could be stabilized by strain in films or nanostructures.