bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A meta‐ethnography of patients' experiences of chronic pelvic pain: struggling to construct chronic pelvic pain as ‘real’
Authors: Toye Francine , Seers Kate , Barker Karen 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAimTo review systematically and integrate the findings of qualitative research to increase our understanding of patients' experiences of chronic pelvic pain.BackgroundChronic pelvic pain is a prevalent pain condition with a high disease burden for men and women. Its multifactorial nature makes it challenging for clinicians and patients.DesignSynthesis of qualitative research using meta‐ethnography.Data SourcesFive electronic bibliographic databases from inception until March 2014 supplemented by citation tracking. Of 488 papers retrieved, 32 met the review aim.Review MethodsCentral to meta‐ethnography is identifying ‘concepts’ and developing a conceptual model through constant comparison. Concepts are the primary data of meta‐ethnography. Two team members read each paper to identify and collaboratively describe the concepts. We next compared concepts across studies and organized them into categories with shared meaning. Finally, we developed a conceptual model, or line of argument, to explain the conceptual categories.ResultsOur findings incorporate the following categories into a conceptual model: relentless and overwhelming pain; threat to self; unpredictability, struggle to construct pain as normal or pathological; a culture of secrecy; validation by diagnosis; ambiguous experience of health care; elevation of experiential knowledge and embodiment of knowledge through a community.ConclusionThe innovation of our model is to demonstrate, for the first time, the central struggle to construct ‘pathological’ vs. ‘normal’ chronic pelvic pain, a struggle that is exacerbated by a culture of secrecy. More research is needed to explore men's experience and to compare this with women's experience.
The effect of bullying on burnout in nurses: the moderating role of psychological detachment
Authors: Allen Belinda C. , Holland Peter , Reynolds Roslyn 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAimsThe aim of the study was to examine the relationship between bullying and burnout and the potential buffering effect psychological detachment might have on this relationship.BackgroundThere is evidence to suggest that bullying is relatively widespread in the nursing profession, with previous studies indicating that bullying is associated with higher levels of burnout. There is, however, limited research focusing on potential moderators of the relationship between bullying and burnout.DesignA cross‐sectional quantitative study conducted with self‐completed, anonymous questionnaires.MethodsThe study was conducted in 2011 with 762 Registered Nurses in Australia. Two hypotheses were tested with validated measures of bullying, psychological detachment and burnout. The hypotheses were tested using hierarchical regression.ResultsBullying is positively associated with burnout. Psychological detachment does not significantly moderate the relationship between bullying and burnout.ConclusionThe results indicate that bullying exacts a strong negative toll on nurses. Ensuring there are workplace policies and practices in place in healthcare organizations to reduce the instances of bullying and proactively address it when it does occur would therefore seem crucial. Individuals may also lower their risk of burning out by psychologically detaching from work.
Rapid diagnosis of the invasive wax scale, Ceroplastes rusci Linnaeus (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae) using nested PCR
Authors: Deng J. , Wang X.‐B. , Yu F. , Zhou Q.‐S. , Bernardo U. , Zhang Y.‐Z. , Wu S.‐A. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe fig wax scale, Ceroplastes rusci (Linnaeus) (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae), is an invasive fruit pest of Afrotropical origin and potentially could become a serious threat to commercial fruit crops in China. C. rusci is difficult to identify owing to the shortage of easily distinguishable morphological characters. A rapid, accurate and reliable method to identify C. rusci in quarantine work is needed to detect further spread. In the present study, we describe a nested PCR method for the molecular identification of C.rusci. The nested PCR primers were designed based on variations in the barcode region of COI sequences between C. rusci and five other Ceroplastes species. A 200‐bp fragment was successfully amplified from 96 C. rusci individuals of seven geographical populations in China and Vietnam, and 13 individuals of two populations in Italy (the type country for C. rusci). These provided diagnostic bands that were not observed in any of five other Ceroplastes species widely distributed in China, namely, C. ceriferus (Fabricius), C. floridensis Comstock, C. japonicus Green, C. pseudoceriferus Green and C. rubens Maskell. Sensitivity tests revealed that diagnostic bands were generated even with a DNA template concentration of ~1.5 × 10−5 ng/μl, and with average DNA template concentrations for adult females, single first‐instar nymphs and eggs of 14.7, 6.3 and 3.0 ng/μl, respectively. Our study demonstrates that the molecular diagnosis of C. rusci using nested PCR is rapid and accurate and shows potential in plant quarantine programmes.
Diversity of bladed Bangiales (Rhodophyta) in western Mediterranean: recognition of the genus Themis and descriptions of T. ballesterosii sp. nov., T. iberica sp. nov., and Pyropia parva sp. nov.
Authors: Sánchez Noemí , Vergés Alba , Peteiro César , Sutherland Judith E. , Brodie Juliet 
Published: August 2014

The diversity of the bladed species of the red algal order Bangiales from the Iberian Mediterranean shores has been reassessed after a detailed study of this region. Prior to this study, 11 bladed species of Bangiales had been reported from Mediterranean waters: Porphyra atropurpurea, P. cordata, P. coriacea, P. dioica, P. linearis, P. purpurea, P. umbilicalis, Pyropia leucosticta, Pyropia koreana (as P. olivii), Py. elongata (as P. rosengurttii) and Py. suborbiculata. A combined analysis of the nuclear nSSU and the plastid rbcL genes together with detailed morphological studies has confirmed the presence of species within the genera Porphyra and Pyropia and also revealed a third, undescribed genus, Themis gen. nov. Porphyra linearis, Pyropia elongata and the introduced Pyropia koreana had been previously listed for the Mediterranean and were recorded in this study. An additional four species, including the introduced Pyropia suborbiculata and three new species: Pyropia parva sp. nov., Themis ballesterosii sp. nov., and Themis iberica sp. nov. were also observed. Hence, most of the Porphyra species traditionally reported along these shores were not reported in this survey. This new floristic Bangiales composition confirms the importance of the Mediterranean basin as a hotspot for biodiversity, possible endemics of ancient origin and high proportion of introductions. Our data also continue to confirm the extent of Bangiales diversity at regional and worldwide levels.
Pharmacokinetic modeling and Monte Carlo simulation of ondansetron following oral administration in dogs
Authors: Baek I.‐H. , Lee B.‐Y. , Kang J. , Kwon K.‐I. 
Published: August 2014

Ondansetron is a potent antiemetic drug that has been commonly used to treat acute and chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in dogs. The aim of this study was to perform a pharmacokinetic analysis of ondansetron in dogs following oral administration of a single dose. A single 8‐mg oral dose of ondansetron (Zofran®) was administered to beagles (n = 18), and the plasma concentrations of ondansetron were measured by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry. The data were analyzed by modeling approaches using ADAPT5, and model discrimination was determined by the likelihood‐ratio test. The peak plasma concentration (Cmax) was 11.5 ± 10.0 ng/mL at 1.1 ± 0.8 h. The area under the plasma concentration vs. time curve from time zero to the last measurable concentration was 15.9 ± 14.7 ng·h/mL, and the half‐life calculated from the terminal phase was 1.3 ± 0.7 h. The interindividual variability of the pharmacokinetic parameters was high (coefficient of variation > 44.1%), and the one‐compartment model described the pharmacokinetics of ondansetron well. The estimated plasma concentration range of the usual empirical dose from the Monte Carlo simulation was 0.1–13.2 ng/mL. These findings will facilitate determination of the optimal dose regimen for dogs with CINV.
Brain penetration of emodepside is increased in P‐glycoprotein‐deficient mice and leads to neurotoxicosis
Authors: Elmshäuser S. , Straehle L. C. , Kranz J. , Krebber R. , Geyer J. 
Published: August 2014

The antiparasitic drug emodepside (EMO) is a substrate of the P‐glycoprotein multidrug efflux carrier (P‐gp; syn. MDR1, ABCB1), which has an important function in protecting the brain from potentially toxic compounds by functional drug efflux at the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Many dogs of the Collie breed and even dogs of many other breeds have a loss‐of‐function 4‐bp deletion mutation in the MDR1 gene. In these dogs, brain penetration of many P‐gp‐transported drugs is increased and so their therapeutic usage is restricted. To elucidate the role of P‐gp at the BBB for the brain penetration of EMO, we applied EMO at 1 mg/kg to mdr1‐deficient (PGPmut) and mdr1‐intact (PGPWT) CF1 mice. Whereas in the brain of the PGPWT mice, EMO was below the detection level of 10 ng/g, its concentration was at 43.7 ng/g in the PGPmut mice. Furthermore, appearance of neurological toxicity was analyzed in these mice after application of 1 mg/kg EMO using a rotarod setup. In all PGPmut mice, but not in the PGPWT mice, the walking performance on the rotarod was impaired by EMO with clear differences in the degree and duration of neurological toxicity. Some of the mice were completely unable to walk on the rotarod already at 2 h after drug application and showed long‐lasting ataxia over >24 h. Others even showed significantly reduced walking performance, but completely recovered within 1 day. In conclusion, P‐gp restricts brain penetration of EMO and prevents neurological toxicity of this drug in mice.
Direct regulation of the pefI‐srgC operon encoding the Rck invasin by the quorum‐sensing regulator SdiA in Salmonella Typhimurium
Authors: Abed Nadia , Grépinet Olivier , Canepa Sylvie , Hurtado‐Escobar Genaro A. , Guichard Nolwenn , Wiedemann Agnès , Velge Philippe , Virlogeux‐Payant Isabelle 
Published: August 2014

SummaryOne important step for the pathogenesis of Salmonella is its ability to penetrate host cells. Recently, a new entry system involving the outer membrane protein Rck has been characterized. Previous studies have shown that the pefI‐srgC locus, which contains rck, was regulated by the temperature and SdiA, the transcriptional regulator of quorum sensing in Salmonella. To decipher the regulation of rck by SdiA, we first confirmed the operon organization of the pefI‐srgC locus. Using plasmid‐based transcriptional fusions, we showed that only the predicted distal promoter upstream of pefI, PefIP2, displays an SdiA‐ and acyl‐homoserine lactones‐dependent activity while the predicted proximal PefIP1 promoter exhibits a very low activity independent on SdiA in our culture conditions. A direct and specific interaction of SdiA with this PefIP2 region was identified using electrophoretic mobility shift assays and surface plasmon resonance studies. We also observed that Rck expression is negatively regulated by the nucleoid‐associated H‐NS protein at both 25°C and 37°C. This work is the first demonstration of a direct regulation of genes by SdiA in Salmonella and will help further studies designed to identify environmental conditions required for Rck expression and consequently contribute to better characterize the role of this invasin in vivo.
Salmonella acquires ferrous iron from haemophagocytic macrophages
Authors: Nagy Toni A. , Moreland Sarah M. , Detweiler Corrella S. 
Published: August 2014

SummaryBacteria harbour both ferrous and ferric iron transporters. We now report that infection of macrophages and mice with a Salmonella enterica Typhimurium strain containing an inactivated feoB‐encoded ferrous iron transporter results in increased bacterial replication, compared to infection with wild type. Inactivation of other cation transporters, SitABCD or MntH, did not increase bacterial replication. The feoB mutant strain does not have an intrinsically faster growth rate. Instead, increased replication correlated with increased expression in macrophages of the fepB‐encoded bacterial ferric iron transporter and also required siderophores, which capture ferric iron. Co‐infection of mice with wild type and a feoB mutant strain yielded a different outcome: FeoB is clearly required for tissue colonization. In co‐infected primary mouse macrophages, FeoB is required for S. Typhimurium replication if the macrophages were IFNγ treated and contain phagocytosed erythrocytes, a model for haemophagocytosis. Haemophagocytes are macrophages that have engulfed erythrocytes and/or leucocytes and can harbour Salmonella in mice. These observations suggest that Salmonella acquires ferrous iron from haemophagocytic macrophages.
Characteristics of Unselected High‐Burden Premature Ventricular Contraction Patients
Authors: YANG JINGKUN , DUDUM RAMZI , MANDYAM MALA C. , MARCUS GREGORY M. 
Published: August 2014

BackgroundHigh‐burden premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) may be an important determinant of heart failure (HF) in patients presenting for PVC ablation. The prevalence and characteristics of high‐burden PVC patients outside this setting remain unknown. We, therefore, sought to determine predictors of high‐burden PVCs and, among high‐burden PVC patients, predictors of HF.MethodsWe identified all patients undergoing a 24–48‐hour Holter study showing at least 20% PVCs between 2005 and 2013 at the University of California, San Francisco. Three time‐matched controls undergoing Holter monitoring were selected for each high‐burden PVC patient. Medical records were reviewed and test characteristics of PVC counts from 12‐lead electrocardiograms (ECG) as predictors of high‐burden PVC Holters were analyzed.ResultsAmong 5,091 participants, 66 (1.3%) exhibited at least 20% PVCs. After multivariate adjustment, high‐burden PVC patients had a three‐fold greater odds of HF (odds ratio [OR] 3.15; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.28–6.50; P = 0.005) and 10‐fold greater odds of having a first‐degree family member with sudden death (OR 9.97; 95% CI 1.78–60.8; P = 0.011). The C‐statistic for the number of PVCs on 12‐lead electrocardiogram as a predictor of high‐burden PVCs was 0.7949. Among high‐burden PVC patients, HF was associated with a history of coronary artery bypass grafting (OR 11.76; 95% CI 1.30–106.49; P = 0.028).ConclusionAmong all undergoing Holter monitoring, 1.3% exhibited high‐burden PVCs, a phenomenon associated with HF and a first‐degree family history of sudden death. In an analysis restricted to high‐burden PVC patients, a history of coronary artery bypass grafting was a predictor of HF.
Intranasal oxytocin attenuates the human acoustic startle response independent of emotional modulation
Authors: Ellenbogen Mark A. , Linnen Anne‐Marie , Cardoso Christopher , Joober Ridha 
Published: August 2014

AbstractOxytocin promotes social affiliation in humans. However, the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon require further elucidation. The present study investigated the influence of intranasal oxytocin on basic emotional processing in men and women, using an emotion‐modulated startle response paradigm. Eighty‐four participants self‐administered 24 IU of intranasal oxytocin or saline and completed an assessment of the acoustic startle reflex, using electromyography (EMG), with varying emotional foregrounds. Oxytocin had no impact on the affective modulation of the startle eye blink response, but significantly diminished the acoustic startle reflex irrespective of the emotional foreground. The results suggest that oxytocin facilitates prosocial behavior, in part, by attenuating basic physiological arousal. The dampening effect of oxytocin on EMG startle could possibly be used as an inexpensive marker of oxytocin's effect on limbic brain circuits.
Increased transfusion‐free survival following auxiliary pig liver xenotransplantation
Authors: Yeh Heidi , Machaidze Zurab , Wamala Isaac , Fraser James W. , Navarro‐Alvarez Nalu , Kim Karen , Schuetz Christian , Shi Shuai , Zhu Alexander , Hertl Martin , Elias Nahel , Farkash Evan A. , Vagefi Parsia A. , Varma Manish , Smith Rex Neal , Robson Simon C. , Van Cott Elizabeth M. , Sachs David H. , Markmann James F. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackgroundPig to baboon liver xenotransplantation typically results in severe thrombocytopenia and coagulation disturbances, culminating in death from hemorrhage within 9 days, in spite of continuous transfusions. We studied the contribution of anticoagulant production and clotting pathway deficiencies to fatal bleeding in baboon recipients of porcine livers.MethodsBy transplanting liver xenografts from α1,3‐galactosyltransferase gene‐knockout (GalT‐KO) miniature swine donors into baboons as auxiliary organs, leaving the native liver in place, we provided the full spectrum of primate clotting factors and allowed in vivo mixing of porcine and primate coagulation systems.ResultsRecipients of auxiliary liver xenografts develop severe thrombocytopenia, comparable to recipients of conventional orthotopic liver xenografts and consistent with hepatic xenograft sequestration. However, baboons with both pig and native livers do not exhibit clinical signs of bleeding and maintain stable blood counts without transfusion for up to 8 consecutive days post‐transplantation. Instead, recipients of auxiliary liver xenografts undergo graft failure or die of sepsis, associated with thrombotic microangiopathy in the xenograft, but not the native liver.ConclusionOur data indicate that massive hemorrhage in the setting of liver xenotransplantation might be avoided by supplementation with primate clotting components. However, coagulation competent hepatic xenograft recipients may be predisposed to graft loss related to small vessel thrombosis and ischemic necrosis.
Integration of High Performance Power Systems (HIPPS) Into Vision 21
Authors: Robson Fred L. , Ruby John D. , Seery Daniel J. 
Published: August 2014

The U.S. Department of Energy/Federal Energy Technology Center (DOE/FETC)-sponsored High Performance Power Systems (HIPPS) program headed by United Technologies Research Center has identified coal-based combined-cycle power systems using advanced technology gas turbines that could operate at efficiencies approaching 55% (HHV). The HIPPS uses a High Temperature Advanced Furnace (HITAF) to preheat combustion turbine air. The HITAF’s metallic air heaters include a radiator section located in the furnace slagging zone and a convection section located in the downstream portion. The compressor discharge air is heated to 925 C – 1150 C. Additional heat for the turbine, if required in the cycle, is added by special low-NOx gas-fired combustors. The HITAF design has been successfully tested at the desired temperatures for short durations at the Energy and Environmental Research Center, Grand Forks, ND, with tests continuing to expand the systems experience and capabilities.
The HIPPS concept with its HITAF advanced air heater are valuable technology candidates for integration into Vision 21, the DoE’s evolving plan to utilize coal and other fossil fuels in energy complexes producing power, chemicals, process heat and other byproducts. For example, the HIPPS would be combined with high temperature fuel cells, e.g., the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), resulting in power systems having overall electrical efficiencies greater than 60% (HHV) with 50% or more of the energy input from coal. These power plants would have near zero emissions with a goal for power costs 10% below current coal-fired systems. Emissions of CO2, an important greenhouse gas, will be drastically reduced by the higher efficiencies of HIPPS cycles.
Very important from a power and coproduction market viewpoint, HIPPS can be an attractive repowering technology.
This will allow Vision 21 technology to be used in those plants that seek to continue using coal and other alternative solid fuels to capture the economic benefits of their low energy costs. Here, HIPPS adds high efficiency; increased capacity; load following and dispatching flexibility, as well as important environmental benefits to sites having existing fuel and transmission infrastructure.
Predicting the Deterministic Effects of Combustion Gas Environments on the Stress-Rupture Life of Silicon Nitride Turbine Components
Authors: Strangman Thomas E. , Schenk Bjoern 
Published: August 2014

Silicon nitride ceramic turbine components are under intensive development by Honeywell International Inc. to enable a new generation of higher power density engines. Auxiliary power units and industrial engines are frequently used in high salt ingestion (e.g., coastal airport) operating environments, which can accelerate turbine component degradation. In order to better recognize and avoid severe degradation conditions associated with hot corrosion and oxidation of ceramic components, Honeywell developed the CERSRL code to predict the effects of duty cycle, environmental, and statistical scatter effects on tensile strength and stress-rupture lives. Predicted component life is dependent upon engine design (stress, temperature, pressure, fuel/air ratio, gas velocity, and inlet air filtration), mission usage (fuel sulfur content, location [salt in the air], and times at duty cycle power points), and material system parameters (Weibull modulus, characteristic strength, crack growth behavior, and coating [if any]). For a laboratory air oxidation environment and a specified probability of failure, the stress for rupture can be expressed as a function of a Larson-Miller Parameter (i.e., a function of temperature and rupture life).
Preliminary analyses indicate that the hot corrosion and oxidation resistance of silicon nitride materials, such as NT154 and AS800, is adequate for Honeywell’s initial engine applications. Inlet air filtration and protective coatings may be required to achieve required ceramic component lives in more aggressive environments.
Velocity Measurements in a Combustor Undergoing Limit-Cycle Pressure Oscillations
Authors: Li J. , Acharya S. 
Published: August 2014

Velocity measurements are reported in a swirl-stabilized spray combustor undergoing limit cycle pressure oscillations. The pressure-oscillations are a manifestation of the thermo-acoustic instability in the combustor (at 200Hz), and the goal of the present work is to understand the flow in a combustor with strong pressure oscillations. A second goal of the work is to provide data for the CFD modeling of self-excited combustion. The measurements have been made with a LDV for both the non-reacting case and the reacting flow case, and include velocity information for both the gas phase (with titanium dioxide seeding) and the droplet phase (no seeding).
Measurements reveal substantial increases in the axial and tangential velocities under reacting flow conditions. The swirl-induced recirculation zone is much stronger (higher negative velocities) with combustion. Unburnt droplets are observed as far downstream as Z/Ro = 0.72 (nearly 5cm from the injection nozzle). Significant enhancements in the turbulence levels are noted in the presence of combustion, and these are partly attributed to the thermoacoustic instability and strong pressure oscillations.