bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Timing of birth: Parsimony favors strategic over dysregulated parturition
Authors: Catalano Ralph , Goodman Julia , Margerison‐Zilko Claire , Falconi April , Gemmill Alison , Karasek Deborah , Anderson Elizabeth 
Published: May 2015

ObjectivesThe “dysregulated parturition” narrative posits that the human stress response includes a cascade of hormones that “dysregulates” and accelerates parturition but provides questionable utility as a guide to understand or prevent preterm birth. We offer and test a “strategic parturition” narrative that not only predicts the excess preterm births that dysregulated parturition predicts but also makes testable, sex‐specific predictions of the effect of stressful environments on the timing of birth among term pregnancies.MethodsWe use interrupted time‐series modeling of cohorts conceived over 101 months to test for lengthening of early term male gestations in stressed population. We use an event widely reported to have stressed Americans and to have increased the incidence of low birth weight and fetal death across the country—the terrorist attacks of September 2001. We tested the hypothesis that the odds of male infants conceived in December 2000 (i.e., at term in September 2001) being born early as opposed to full term fell below the value expected from those conceived in the 50 prior and 50 following months.ResultsWe found that term male gestations exposed to the terrorist attacks exhibited 4% lower likelihood of early, as opposed to full or late, term birth.ConclusionsStrategic parturition explains observed data for which the dysregulated parturition narrative offers no prediction—the timing of birth among gestations stressed at term. Our narrative may help explain why findings from studies examining associations between population‐ and/or individual‐level stressors and preterm birth are generally mixed. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 28:31–35, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Remodeling changes of the upper airway with chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Barham Henry P. , Osborn Jodi L. , Snidvongs Kornkiat , Mrad Nadine , Sacks Raymond , Harvey Richard J. 
Published: May 2015

BackgroundAlthough remodeling changes of the lower airway are well described, similar changes in the upper airway are less well known. Remodeling changes of the upper airway in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) relevant to different phenotypes and endotypes and their clinical characteristics are investigated.MethodsA cross‐sectional study of adult patients with CRS was performed. Mucosal samples were taken during endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). Histopathological analysis included eosinophil count, eosinophil activation (eosinophilic mucin), and remodeling changes. Mucosal damage was defined as ulceration, edema, and hypertrophic changes. Patient‐reported outcomes (PROMs) were assessed using a Nasal Symptom Score (NSS) and Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22). Patients were subgrouped by presence of polyps (CRSwNP/CRSsNP) or tissue eosinophilia (>10/high power field). Subgroup analysis was performed when both eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (eCRS) and eosinophil activation (eCRSwEA) were coexistent. Analysis between subgroups, pathology, and PROMs was also performed.ResultsA total of 259 patients (age 48.5 ± 15.6 years, 45% female) were recruited; 53% CRSwNP, 51% eCRS. Remodeling changes were present in 85%, higher in both CRSwNP (90%, p = 0.006) and eCRS (91%, p = 0.004). Mucosal damage changes were common in eCRS (ulceration 18%, p = 0.003; edema 98%, p < 0.001; hypertrophic changes 25%, p = 0.007). NSS was worse in CRSwNP compared to CRSsNP (2.84 ± 1.1 vs 2.29 ± 1.1, p < 0.001) and eCRSwEA (2.95 ± 0.16 vs 2.51 ± 0.11, p = 0.04). “Loss of sense of smell or taste” was worse in patients with evidence of mucosal damage (p = 0.006).ConclusionRemodeling features are present in CRS. Tissue eosinophilia and evidence of eosinophil activation is closely associated with remodeling features of CRS, associated mucosal damage and clinical symptoms.
Clinical validity of consultant technical skills assessment in the English National Training Programme for Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery
Authors: Mackenzie H , Ni M , Miskovic D , Motson R W , Gudgeon M , Khan Z , Longman R , Coleman M G , Hanna G B 
Published: May 2015

Abstract

Background
The English National Training Programme for Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery introduced a validated objective competency assessment tool to accredit surgeons before independent practice. The aim of this study was to determine whether this technical skills assessment predicted clinical outcomes.

Methods
Established consultants, training in laparoscopic colorectal surgery, were asked to submit two operative videos for evaluation by two blinded assessors using the competency assessment tool. A mark of 2·7 or above was considered a pass. Clinical and oncological outcomes were compared above and below this mark, including regression analysis.

Results
Eighty-five consultant surgeons submitted 171 videos. Of these, 44 (25·7 per cent) were in the fail group (score less than 2·7). This low scoring group had more postoperative morbidity (25 versus 8·7 per cent; P = 0·005), including surgical complications (18 versus 6·3 per cent; P = 0·020) and fewer lymph nodes harvested (median 13 versus 18; P = 0·004). A score of less than 2·7 was an independent predictor of surgical complication, lymph node yield and distal resection margin clearance. Consultants with higher scores had performed similar numbers of laparoscopic colorectal operations (median 37 versus 40; P = 0·373) but more structured training operations (18 versus 9; P &lt; 0·001).

Conclusion
An objective technical skills assessment provided a discriminatory tool with which to accredit laparoscopic colorectal surgeons.
Oxygen Deficiency and Defect Chemistry in Delithiated Spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 Cathodes for Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Zhiguo , Su Qiulei , Deng Huiqiu , Fu Yongqing 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn this work, we investigated the effect of oxygen deficiency on defect chemistry in delithiated spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathodes by using first principles density functional calculations. Results show that the oxygen deficiency assists the migration of Ni and Mn ions from octahedral sites to tetrahedral ones, and the migration assists the formation of oxygen vacancies. These results shed light on the atomic‐level structural changes of the delithiated spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4, in which transition‐metal ions migrate from octahedral sites to tetrahedral ones, accompanied by oxygen release upon heating. Oxygen deficiency plays key roles in oxygen release in the LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathodes.
A survey of Semantic Web Services formalisms
Authors: Wang Hai H. , Gibbins Nick , Payne Terry , Patelli Alina , Wang Yangang 
Published: May 2015

SummaryThe field of Semantic Web Services (SWS) has been recognized as one of the most promising areas of emergent research within the Semantic Web initiative, exhibiting an extensive commercial potential and attracting significant attention from both industry and the research community. Currently, there exist several different frameworks and languages for formally describing a Web Service: Web Ontology Language for Services (OWL‐S), Web Service Modelling Ontology (WSMO) and Semantic Annotations for the Web Services Description Language (SAWSDL) are the most important approaches. To the inexperienced user, choosing the appropriate platform for a specific SWS application may prove to be challenging, given a lack of clear separation between the ideas promoted by the associated research communities. In this paper, we systematically compare OWL‐S, WSMO and SAWSDL from various standpoints, namely, that of the service requester and provider as well as the broker‐based view. The comparison is meant to help users to better understand the strengths and limitations of these different approaches to formalizing SWS, and to choose the most suitable solution for a given application. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Judgmental Biases of Individuals with a Fear of Blushing: The Role of Relatively Strict Social Norms
Authors: Dijk Corine , de Jong Peter J. , Peters Madelon L. 
Published: May 2015

Blushing‐fearful individuals often expect that others will judge them negatively. In two studies, we tested if this could be explained by having relatively strict beliefs about what is appropriate social behaviour. Study 1 used a student sample (n = 74), whereas study 2 compared a clinical treatment‐seeking sample of blushing‐fearful individuals (n = 33) with a non‐anxious control group (n = 31). In both studies, participants were asked to read descriptions of common behaviours that could be considered as breaching the prevailing social norms but not necessarily so. Participants indicated (i) to what extent they considered these behaviours as violating the prevailing norm and (ii) their expectation of observers' judgments. Study 1 showed that strict norms were indeed related to fear of blushing and that the tendency of fearful participants to expect negative judgments could at least partly explain this relationship. Study 2 showed that high‐fearful and low‐fearful individuals do indeed differ in the strictness of their norms and that especially the norms that individuals apply to themselves might be relevant. These findings may provide fresh clues for improving available treatment options. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Messages

Blushing‐fearful individuals attribute relatively strict social norms to other people about which behaviours are appropriate and which are not and have stricter personal norms as well.
Blushing‐fearful individuals' tendency to expect overly negative judgments in ambivalent social situations can partly be explained by their relatively strict social norms.
Having relatively strict social norms may (also) explain why blushing-fearful individuals report to blush often and intensely.
It may be worthwhile to address strict social norms in therapy for fear of blushing.
A Content Validity Study of AIMIT (Assessing Interpersonal Motivation in Transcripts)
Authors: Fassone Giovanni , Lo Reto Floriana , Foggetti Paola , Santomassimo Chiara , D'Onofrio Maria Rita , Ivaldi Antonella , Liotti Giovanni , Trincia Valeria , Picardi Angelo 
Published: May 2015

Multi‐motivational theories of human relatedness state that different motivational systems with an evolutionary basis modulate interpersonal relationships. The reliable assessment of their dynamics may usefully inform the understanding of the therapeutic relationship. The coding system of the Assessing Interpersonal Motivation in Transcripts (AIMIT) allows to identify in the clinical the activity of five main interpersonal motivational systems (IMSs): attachment (care‐seeking), caregiving, ranking, sexuality and peer cooperation. To assess whether the criteria currently used to score the AIMIT are consistently correlated with the conceptual formulation of the interpersonal multi‐motivational theory, two different studies were designed. Study 1: Content validity as assessed by highly qualified independent raters. Study 2: Content validity as assessed by unqualified raters. Results of study 1 show that out of the total 60 AIMIT verbal criteria, 52 (86.7%) met the required minimum degree of correspondence. The average semantic correspondence scores between these items and the related IMSs were quite good (overall mean: 3.74, standard deviation: 0.61). In study 2, a group of 20 naïve raters had to identify each prevalent motivation (IMS) in a random sequence of 1000 utterances drawn from therapy sessions. Cohen's Kappa coefficient was calculated for each rater with reference to each IMS and then calculated the average Kappa for all raters for each IMS. All average Kappa values were satisfactory (>0.60) and ranged between 0.63 (ranking system) and 0.83 (sexuality system). Data confirmed the overall soundness of AIMIT's theoretical–applicative approach. Results are discussed, corroborating the hypothesis that the AIMIT possesses the required criteria for content validity. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Assessing Interpersonal Motivations in psychotherapy transcripts as a useful tool to better understand links between motivational systems and intersubjectivity.A step forward in the knowledge of evolutionary cognitivism and a contribution to the bio‐psycho‐social model of human relatedness and interpersonal neurobiology.
Intersexual allometry differences and ontogenetic shifts of coloration patterns in two aquatic turtles, Graptemys oculifera and Graptemys flavimaculata
Authors: Ennen Joshua R. , Lindeman Peter V. , Lovich Jeffrey E. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractColoration can play critical roles in a species' biology. The allometry of color patterns may be useful for elucidating the evolutionary mechanisms responsible for shaping the traits. We measured characteristics relating to eight aspects of color patterns from Graptemys oculifera and G. flavimaculata to investigate the allometric differences among male, female, and unsexed juvenile specimens. Additionally, we investigated ontogenetic shifts by incorporating the unsexed juveniles into the male and female datasets. In general, male color traits were isometric (i.e., color scaled with body size), while females and juvenile color traits were hypoallometric, growing in size more slowly than the increase in body size. When we included unsexed juveniles in our male and female datasets, our linear regression analyses found all relationships to be hypoallometric and our model selection analysis found support for nonlinear models describing the relationship between body size and color patterns, suggestive of an ontogenetic shift in coloration traits for both sexes at maturity. Although color is critical for many species' biology and therefore under strong selective pressure in many other species, our results are likely explained by an epiphenomenon related to the different selection pressures on body size and growth rates between juveniles and adults and less attributable to the evolution of color patterns themselves.
Property and prejudice: How racial attitudes and social‐evaluative concerns shape property appraisals
Authors: McIntyre Jason C. , Constable Merryn D. , Barlow Fiona Kate 
Published: May 2015

AbstractProperty evaluations rarely occur in the absence of social context. However, no research has investigated how intergroup processes related to prejudice extend to concepts of property. In the present research, we propose that factors such as group status, prejudice and pressure to mask prejudiced attitudes affect how people value the property of racial ingroup and outgroup members. In Study 1, White American and Asian American participants were asked to appraise a hand‐painted mug that was ostensibly created by either a White or an Asian person. Asian participants demonstrated an ingroup bias. White participants showed an outgroup bias, but this effect was qualified. Specifically, among White participants, higher racism towards Asian Americans predicted higher valuations of mugs created by Asian people. Study 2 revealed that White Americans' prejudice towards Asian Americans predicted higher valuations of the mug created by an Asian person only when participants were highly concerned about conveying a non‐prejudiced personal image. Our results suggest that, ironically, prejudiced majority group members evaluate the property of minority group members whom they dislike more favourably. The current findings provide a foundation for melding intergroup relations research with research on property and ownership.
Flow Behavior and Heat Transmission for Steam Injection Wells Considering the Tubing Buckling Effect
Authors: Wei Shaolei , Cheng Linsong , Huang Wenjun , Yang Yang 
Published: May 2015

AbstractDuring the thermal recovery process, the tubing string buckles inside the wellbore and leans directly on the casing, which has a significant influence on the heat transmission between the wellbore and its surroundings. In this paper, a unified mathematical model is built to predict the flow behavior and heat transmission along the flow path by considering the tubing buckling effect. A classic tubing buckling model is introduced to determine the tubing–casing contact status. For the noncontact section, the heat transmission calculation follows the conventional “thermal resistance” method, whereas a new approach is proposed for the tubing–casing contact section. The tubing buckling model and the non‐isothermal flow model are solved sequentially in an iterative process. The interaction between tubing buckling and non‐isothermal flow is analyzed in detail. The results indicate that insulation tubing and telescopic tubing are welcomed in thermal recovery.
Panel Data Models with Grouped Factor Structure Under Unknown Group Membership
Authors: Ando Tomohiro , Bai Jushan 
Published: May 2015

SummaryThis paper studies panel data models with unobserved group factor structures. The group membership of each unit and the number of groups are left unspecified. We estimate the model by minimizing the sum of least squared errors with a shrinkage penalty. The number of explanatory variables can be large. The regressions coefficients can be homogeneous or group specific. The consistency and asymptotic normality of the estimator are established. We also introduce newCp‐type criteria for selecting the number of groups, the numbers of group‐specific common factors and relevant regressors. Monte Carlo results show that the proposed method works well. We apply the method to the study of US mutual fund returns and to the study of individual stock returns of the China mainland stock markets. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Directional and color preference in adult zebrafish: Implications in behavioral and learning assays in neurotoxicology studies
Authors: Bault Zachary A. , Peterson Samuel M. , Freeman Jennifer L. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a useful vertebrate model organism for neurological studies. While a number of behavior and learning assays are recently reported in the literature for zebrafish, many of these assays are still being refined. The initial purpose of this study was to apply a published T‐maze assay for adult zebrafish that measures how quickly an organism can discriminate between different color stimuli after receiving reinforcement to measure learning in a study investigating the later life impacts of developmental Pb exposure. The original results were inconclusive as the control group showed a directional and color preference. To assess directional preference further, a three‐chambered testing apparatus was constructed and rotated in several directions. The directional preference observed in males was alleviated by rotating the arms pointing west and east. In addition, color preference was investigated using all combinations of five different colors (orange, yellow, green, blue and purple). With directional preference alleviated results showed that both male and female zebrafish preferred colors of shorter wavelengths. An additional experiment tested changes in color preference due to developmental exposure to Pb in adult male zebrafish. Results revealed that Pb‐exposed males gained and lost certain color preferences compared to control males and the preference for short wavelengths was decreased. Overall, these results show that consideration and pretesting should be completed before applying behavioral and learning assays involving adult zebrafish to avoid innate preferences and confounding changes in neurotoxicology studies and that developmental Pb exposure alters color preferences in adult male zebrafish. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitative R2* MRI of the liver with rician noise models for evaluation of hepatic iron overload: Simulation, phantom, and early clinical experience
Authors: Yokoo Takeshi , Yuan Qing , Sénégas Julien , Wiethoff Andrea J. , Pedrosa Ivan 
Published: May 2015

PurposeTo compare Rician and non‐Rician noise models for quantitative R2* magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in a simulation, phantom, and human study.Materials and MethodsSynthetic 12‐echo spoiled GRE (SGRE) datasets were generated with various R2* rates (0–2000 sec‐1) at a signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of 50, 20, 10, and 5. Phantoms of different MnCl2 concentrations (0–25 mM) were constructed and imaged using a 12‐echo 3D SGRE sequence at 1.5T. Increasing levels of synthetic noise was added to the original data to simulate sequentially lower SNR conditions. Sixteen patients with suspected or known iron overload were imaged using 12‐echo 3D SGRE at 1.5T. Various R2* quantification methods, based on Rician and non‐Rician noise models, were compared in the simulation, phantom, and human datasets.ResultsNon‐Rician R2* estimates were variably inaccurate in the high R2* range (>500 sec‐1), with SNR‐dependent linear goodness‐of‐fit statistic (R2) of 0.373–0.999. Rician R2* estimates were accurate even in the high R2* range, with high R2 of 0.940–0.999 regardless of SNR. Non‐Rician R2* estimates were variably nonlinear at high MnCl2 concentrations, with SNR‐dependent R2 of 0.345–0.994. Rician R2* estimates were linear even at high MnCl2 concentrations, with high R2 of 0.923–0.994 regardless of SNR. Between‐method agreement of the R2* estimates was excellent in patients with low ferritin but poor in patients with high ferritin. Rician R2* estimates had excellent correlation with ferritin (r = 0.966 P < 0.001).ConclusionRician R2* estimates were most consistent in the high R2* conditions and under varying SNR, and may be more reliable when high iron load is suspected. J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2015;42:1544–1559.
Evaluation of PPARα activation by known blueberry constituents
Authors: Rimando Agnes M , Khan Shabana I , Mizuno Cassia S , Ren Guang , Mathews Suresh T , Kim Hyunsook , Yokoyama Wallace 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDAnthocyanins are known to have hypolipidemic properties. It was deemed necessary to determine whether major blueberry anthocyanins and catechins are ligands for the transcription factor peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha isoform (PPARα), and compare activation with known PPARα agonistic constituents, pterostilbene and resveratrol. It was also considered important to investigate the effect of pterostilbene on PPARα gene expression, and relate results with hepatic mRNA PPARα expression up‐regulation observed previously in hamsters fed a diet supplemented with blueberry peels extract (BBX).RESULTSThe anthocyanins and catechins did not activate PPARα. Only pterostilbene exhibited a dose‐dependent activation of PPARα in H4IIEC3 cells. The resveratrol responses were lower than those of pterostilbene. Pterostilbene significantly and dose‐dependently (at 10, 20 and 50 µmol L−1) increased PPARα gene expression and the effect at 10 µmol L−1 was greater than 100 and 200 µmol L−1 of fenofibrate. Analysis of BBX showed levels of pterostilbene and resveratrol at 418 and 2381 ng g−1, respectively.CONCLUSIONAnthocyanins and catechins do not appear to contribute to the up‐regulation of hepatic PPARα expression observed in hamsters. While pterostilbene and resveratrol demonstrated PPARα activation, their levels in BBX do not seem to be at efficacious concentrations. These stilbenes may contribute to the up‐regulation of PPARα expression by acting synergistically with each other or with other constituents in BBX. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry