bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single-molecule targeted therapy shrinks lung lesions and improves bone metastases: A case report
Authors: Wei Jun , Hu Bei , Fang Huang , Zhang Fangqi , Wang Peng 
Published: July 2024

Rationale:
Bone metastasis is a common metastatic mode of advanced lung cancer and poses a great threat to the survival and quality of life of patients with this disease. However, the available literature has limited treatment options for advanced lung cancer with bone metastases.

Patients concerns:
A 76-year-old married male patient was underwent CT due to cough and sputum for 1 month. On CT, space-occupying lesions were found in the left inferior lobe of the lung, as well as multiple bone metastases in the vertebral body and ilium.

Diagnoses:
Pathologic sectioning of the lung lesion after puncture revealed invasive lung adenocarcinoma, and a genetic test revealed EGFR exon 21: L858R (64.60%).

Interventions:
Considering that the disease was not suitable for radiotherapy (extensive metastasis) and could not be treated with chemotherapy (poor underlying condition), the patient was given molecularly targeted therapy with osimertinib.

Outcomes:
After 10 months of standard treatment (80 mg orally, once a day), the lung lesions of the patients became significantly smaller, and the bone metastases distinctly improved. And the patient’s condition has not shown any signs of rebound with the one-year follow-up.

Lessons subsections:
In the present case, the bone metastases from lung adenocarcinoma almost completely disappeared after treatment with a single molecular targeted therapy agent, increasing the confidence in the treatment of advanced lung cancer.
Surgical treatment of tardy ulnar nerve palsy due to non-neurogenic heterotopic ossification in the elbow
Authors: Lee Se Hwan , Lee Young-Keun , Kim Dong Hee , An Jae Hun 
Published: July 2024

Heterotopic ossification (HO) is characterized by the formation of pathological bone within the soft tissues. HO predominantly affects elbow joints and may be accompanied by tardy ulnar nerve palsy. This study aimed to explore the clinical and functional outcomes of patients with tardy ulnar nerve palsy caused by HO following surgical treatment, with a review of the relevant literature.
A retrospective study was conducted on 4 patients with tardy ulnar nerve palsy caused by HO, who underwent anterior subcutaneous ulnar nerve transposition between 2015 and 2020. The patients were followed up for more than 1 year and the cause of HO was also identified. Clinical and functional outcomes were evaluating using the grip strength and pinch strength, visual analog scale (VAS) pain score and Quick disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) score. The causes of HO were repetitive micro-trauma in 1 case and excessive physical or rehabilitation therapy in 3 cases. The average follow-up period was 15.6 months (range; 12–21 months). The grip strength increased from an average of 14kg to 26.5kg. The pinch strength increased from an average of 1.5 kg to 3.63 kg. The Quick DASH score decreased from an average of 55.6 to 6.15. The VAS score for pain decreased from an average of 7 to 0.25. Rapid surgical treatment, including removal of the heterotopic bone and ulnar nerve anterior transposition, might improve outcomes in patients with tardy ulnar nerve palsy caused by HO.
Role of legumain in metabolic dysfunction, diagnosis, and prognosis of patients with atherosclerosis
Authors: Li Jingchao , Li Kun , Wang Huiqi , Wang Le , Li Xiaoping , Liu Feifei 
Published: July 2024

Background:
The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of legumain in metabolic dysfunction, diagnosis, and prognosis in patients with atherosclerosis.

Methods:
Plasma levels of legumain from patients with atherosclerosis (n = 320) and healthy controls (n = 320), expression of legumain in atheromatous plaque and secreted from monocyte-derived macrophages were measured using enzyme-linked-immunosorbent assay, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and fluorescence.

Results:
Data demonstrated that atherosclerotic patients had higher plasma level of legumain than healthy controls, which was a diagnostic and prognostic marker and corrected with the degree of atherosclerosis. It found that atheromatous plaque and endothelial cell had higher legumain expression than non-atherosclerotic arteries (controls). Legumain showed significantly increased secretion from pro-inflammatory M1 compared to pro-resolving M2 macrophages during monocyte-derived macrophages, which was localized to structures resembling foam cells.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, our data indicate that legumain expression is upregulated in both plasma and plaques of patients with atherosclerosis, which is associated with metabolic dysfunction of endothelial cell and might be a diagnostic and prognostic marker of atherosclerosis.
Impact of chronic kidney disease on left atrial appendage occlusion: A meta-analysis of procedural outcomes and complications
Authors: Lee Wei-Chieh , Chang Wei-Ting , Shih Jhih-Yuan , Wu Po-Jui , Fang Chih-Yuan , Chen Huang-Chung , Fang Yen-Nan , Fang Hsiu-Yu 
Published: July 2024

Background:
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) experience atrial fibrillation more frequently. The balance of medical management for stroke prevention and bleeding events presents a challenging issue in CKD population. Left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) may be an effective solution for stroke prevention in patients who experience frequent bleeding with oral anticoagulants. However, the specific impact of CKD on the procedural success, complications, and outcomes of LAAO implantations remains underexplored.

Methods:
We conducted a search of various databases for articles published before October 31, 2023. This search yielded 7 studies, comparing outcomes between CKD and non-CKD cohorts undergoing LAAO implantation. Our analysis focused on CHA2DS2-VASc scores, average eGFR, use of oral anticoagulants, procedural success rates, procedural complications, and associated outcomes.

Results:
The meta-analysis included data from 2576 patients, with 1131 identified as having CKD. The CKD group also had higher CHA2DS2-VASc scores (4.7 ± 1.4 vs 4.0 ± 1.5; P < .001) and HAS-BLED scores (3.8 ± 1.1 vs 3.1 ± 1.0; P < .001) than the non-CKD group. CKD patients showed a nonreduction in procedural success rates and a nonsignificant increase in total complications. The risks of stroke and transient ischemic attack, major bleeding, and cardiovascular mortality were not significantly different between the 2 groups. However, a significantly lower rate of total mortality was observed in the non-CKD group (odds ratio: 0.43; 95% confidence interval, 0.32–0.60).

Conclusion:
While CKD is associated with a nonsignificant decrease in procedural success and a nonsignificant increase in complication risks, the outcomes of LAAO implantation are comparably favorable between CKD and non-CKD groups. Despite similar procedural outcomes, the CKD group exhibited a higher rate of all-cause mortality.
Mapping the landscape: A bibliometric perspective on autophagy in spinal cord injury
Authors: Wang Fei , Zhang Songou , Xu Yangjun , He Wei , Wang Xiang , He Zhongwei , Shang Jinxiang , Zhenyu Zhang 
Published: July 2024

Background:
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe condition that often leads to persistent damage of nerve cells and motor dysfunction. Autophagy is an intracellular system that regulates the recycling and degradation of proteins and lipids, primarily through lysosomal-dependent organelle degradation. Numerous publications have highlighted the involvement of autophagy in the secondary injury of SCI. Therefore, gaining a comprehensive understanding of autophagy research is crucial for designing effective therapies for SCI.

Methods:
Dates were obtained from Web of Science, including articles and article reviews published from its inception to October 2023. VOSviewer, Citespace, and SCImago were used to visualized analysis. Bibliometric analysis was conducted using the Web of Science data, focusing on various categories such as publications, authors, journals, countries, organizations, and keywords. This analysis was aimed to summarize the knowledge map of autophagy and SCI.

Results:
From 2009 to 2023, the number of annual publications in this field exhibited wave-like growth, with the highest number of publications recorded in 2020 (44 publications). Our analysis identified Mei Xifan as the most prolific author, while Kanno H emerged as the most influential author based on co-citations. Neuroscience Letters was found to have published the largest number of papers in this field. China was the most productive country, contributing 232 publications, and Wenzhou Medical University was the most active organization, publishing 39 papers.

Conclusion:
We demonstrated a comprehensive overview of the relationship between autophagy and SCI utilizing bibliometric tools. This article could help to enhance the understanding of the field about autophagy and SCI, foster collaboration among researchers and organizations, and identify potential therapeutic targets for treatment.
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis secondary to rifampin treatment: A case report
Authors: Wang Caihong , Qiu Junke , Huang Xiaoqing , Xu Jiekun , Pan Lei 
Published: July 2024

Rationale:
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare, life-threatening systemic inflammatory syndrome characterized by an overactive immune response. This hyperactivation can arise from genetic mutations, infections, malignancies, or autoimmune disorders. Medication-induced HLH is extremely rare and requires special attention.

Patient concerns:
A 53-year-old female diagnosed with pulmonary and urinary tract tuberculosis. She underwent quadruple therapy, including isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide. Subsequently, she developed fever, hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypofibrinogenemia, hyperferritinemia, increased soluble CD25 levels, decreased natural killer cell activity, and hemophagocytosis, notably without eosinophilia. Her clinical symptoms were exacerbated by rifampin intake.

Diagnoses:
Pulmonary and left kidney tuberculosis, multiple organ failure, and rifampin-induced HLH.

Interventions:
Anti-tuberculosis regimen (isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol, and levofloxacin, excluding rifampin) combined with glucocorticoid therapy.

Outcomes:
Satisfactory recovery with improved clinical symptoms, laboratory tests, and chest imaging studies.

Lessons:
Early correct diagnosis and appropriate management of HLH are essential to save the lives of affected patients. The potential severe side effects of rifampin should not be ignored.
Multiple brain abscesses caused by Nocardia farcinica infection after hand injury: A case report and literature review
Authors: Xue Kun , Zhang Anling , Liu Shuyu , Chen Dawei 
Published: July 2024

Rationale:

Nocardia infection is commonly regarded as an opportunistic pulmonary pathogen affecting debilitated or immunocompromised individuals. Brain abscesses caused by Nocardia farcinica are rare and pose a diagnostic challenge. Traditional diagnostic techniques for identifying Nocardia species, such as blood culture, microscopy, and pathology, have shown inadequate performance. In the reported case, we applied metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) to diagnose a case of brain abscess due to N. farcinica.

Patient concerns:
A 66-year-old female developed a brain abscess after sustaining a hand injury. The patient exhibited a gradual change in personality and experienced tremors in her right upper limb for a duration of 1 month.

Diagnoses:
The pathogen responsible for the multiple brain abscesses was identified in the cerebrospinal fluid as N. farcinica through mNGS.

Interventions:
Antibiotic treatment included trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, linezolid, amikacin, meropenem, and moxifloxacin.

Outcomes:
The patient’s symptoms and signs improved significantly after administration of antibiotics to which the pathogen is known to be sensitive. After 5 months of follow-up, magnetic resonance imaging of the head showed that the abscess was basically cured. The patient lived a normal life with no adverse drug reactions.

Lessons:

Nocardia brain infection is characterized by an insidious onset and lacks distinctive clinical and imaging features. mNGS was advantageous for the timely identification and management of Nocardia-associated brain abscess in the present case and obviated the need for invasive brain surgery. Expeditious and precise diagnosis coupled with prompt antibiotic therapy can significantly reduce the mortality rate associated with this condition.
Identification of a novel nonsense SLC16A2 gene mutation in an infant with severe neurologic phenotype: A case report
Authors: Peng Wu , Shi Shuxia , Yang Liqi , Liu Deyun 
Published: July 2024

Rationale:
Allan–Herndon–Dudley syndrome (AHDS) results from a pathogenic variant in the hemizygous subunit of the SLC16A2 gene, which encodes monocarboxylate transporter 8 and follows an X-linked recessive pattern. AHDS manifests as neuropsychomotor developmental delay, intellectual disability, movement disorders, and thyroid hormone abnormalities. It is frequently misdiagnosed as cerebral palsy or hypothyroidism.

Patient concerns:
A 9-month-old male infant exhibited poor head control, hypodynamia, motor retardation, hypertonic limbs, and thyroid abnormalities. Despite levothyroxine supplementation and rehabilitation therapy, no improvements were observed. Whole-exome sequencing identified a novel nonsense mutation in SLC16A2 (c.124G > T, p.E42X), which unequivocally established the diagnosis.

Diagnoses:
AHDS was confirmed.

Interventions:
Levothyroxine treatment commenced early in infancy, followed by 3 months of rehabilitation therapy, starting at 5 months of age. The combined administration of levothyroxine and methimazole was initiated at 1 year and 10 months of age, respectively.

Outcomes:
While improvements were noted in thyroid hormone levels, neurological developmental delays persisted.

Lessons:
AHDS should be considered in patients presenting with atypical neurological features and thyroid hormone abnormalities such as elevated triiodothyronine and decreased thyroxine levels. The early utilization of exome sequencing aids in prompt diagnosis. The identified SLC16A2 nonsense mutation correlates with severe neurological phenotypes and adds to the spectrum of genetic variations associated with AHDS.
Risk Factors of Acute Ischemic Stroke and Mortality Among Adults With Endocardial Fibroelastosis
Authors: Warsi Talal , Ramphul Kamleshun , Dulay Mansimran Singh , Jeelani Saddam , Verma Renuka , Kumar Nomesh , Dhaliwal Jasninder Singh , Carver Caleb , Sakthivel Hemamalini , Gardezi Syed Khurram Mushtaq , Deshpande Saurabh , Sherif Akil A. , Liu Alexander , Ahmed Raheel 
Published: July 2024

Objectives:
Endocardial fibroelastosis (EFE) is a rare form of restrictive cardiomyopathy associated with high morbidity and mortality. The literature is sparse on information pertaining to risk stratification. Thus, we sought to highlight the risk factors of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and mortality in adults with EFE.

Methods:
The National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database was queried from 2001 to 2020 using the International Classification of Diseases 9th Revision (ICD-9) and 10th Revision (ICD-10) codes for adult patients with EFE. Factors associated with AIS and mortality were identified.

Results:
In all, 18495 cases of EFE fit the inclusion criteria, of which 2370 (12.82%) had AIS. The mean ages for patients with and without AIS were 62.37 and 54.24, respectively. Multivariate regression suggested greater odds of AIS in patients with hypertension (aOR 2.329, P<0.01), dyslipidemia (aOR: 1.566, P<0.01), peripheral vascular disease (PVD) (aOR: 1.736, P<0.01), alcohol abuse (aOR: 1.817, P<0.01), age >60 y (aOR: 1.646, P<0.01), females (vs. males, aOR: 1.238, P<0.01), and smokers (aOR: 1.697, P<0.01). Patients with cirrhosis (aOR: 0.174, P<0.01), CKD (aOR: 0.369, P<0.01), COPD (aOR: 0.402, P<0.01), atrial fibrillation (aOR: 0.542, P<0.01) had lower odds of AIS. 3.1% of EFE patients with AIS died. Diabetes (aOR: 11.665, P<0.01) and COPD (aOR: 3.201, P=0.017) were associated with the greatest odds of all-cause mortality. Dyslipidemia (aOR: 0.387, P=0.010) and females (vs. males, aOR: 0.432, P=0.012) had reduced odds of all-cause mortality.

Conclusion:
Several risk factors are associated with AIS in EFE, while diabetes, COPD, and being male are associated with mortality in EFE.
Body Fit With a Pouching System With Concave Contour for People With an Outward Peristomal Body Profile
Authors: Rolfsen Thomas , Vestergaard Martin , Hansen Mads Fuglesang , Boisen Esben Bo , Dambæk Marianne Raff 
Published: July 2024

PURPOSE:
The purpose of the study was to investigate the fit of a two-piece pouching system with a concave-shaped skin barrier on people with an outward peristomal body profile and its effect on leakage, wear time, and quality of life (QoL) related to using an ostomy product.

DESIGN:
Randomized, controlled, open-label, cross-over trial.

SUBJECTS AND SETTINGS:
The sample comprised 53 subjects with outward peristomal body profiles and problems with leakage of ostomy effluent from their pouching system. Participants were randomized to the concave two-piece pouching system or a comparator (two-piece pouching system with a flat skin barrier) for 3 weeks. Subjects were then crossed over to the opposite skin barrier for an additional 3 weeks. The study was conducted in Denmark, Norway, Germany, and the Netherlands; data were collected in multiple ambulatory clinics or during home visits.

METHODS:
The primary end point was the ability of the skin barrier to fit body contours; secondary outcomes were leakage of effluent from the pouching system, wear time, and QoL related to using an ostomy product via the validated Ostomy-Q questionnaire. Primary comparisons between concave and comparator pouching systems were evaluated using proportional odds models and mixed models taking test period into account.

RESULTS:
Analysis included randomized subjects who had been exposed to at least one product and with information on at least one end point (full-analysis-set, n = 52). The concave pouching system provided a better fit to body contours than the comparator (P< .001) and reduced the degree of leakage underneath the skin barrier (LS mean difference = −1.84, 95% CI −3.31 to −0.37; P = .016). Participants experienced fewer episodes of leakage outside the skin barrier when using concave versus comparator pouching system (13.0% vs. 26.7%, respectively). Participants reported significant improvements in QoL (LS mean difference = 14.3; 95% CI 9.4 to 19.2; P < .001). No significant difference in wear time between skin barrier shapes was reported.

CONCLUSIONS:
Study findings indicate that a pouching system with a concave skin barrier achieved a better body fit on people with an outward peristomal body profile and resulted in fewer leakage incidents and higher QoL compared to using a pouching system with a flat skin barrier.
Risk Factors for Incontinence-Associated Dermatitis in Critically Ill Patients with Incontinence
Authors: Wang Guandong , Wang Xueying , Wang Haibo , Wang Liang , Li Wenjuan 
Published: July 2024

PURPOSE:
This systematic review analyzed evidence related to risk factors for Incontinence Associated Dermatitis (IAD) in critically ill incontinent patients.

METHOD:
Systematic review and meta-analysis.

SEARCH STRATEGY:
Eight databases, including PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science, were searched for studies published in the English language. The China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang Data, and Chinese Scientific Journal Database were also searched for studies evaluating risk of IAD in critically ill incontinent patients published in the Chinese language.

FINDINGS:
Twenty-four studies with moderate-to-high methodological quality were included. Significant risk factors for developing IAD were being older [odds ratio (OR) = 1.06, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02–1.10, P = .007], fever (OR = 2.57, 95% CI: 1.87–3.57, P < .00001), diagnosed with consciousness disorder (OR = 5.70, 95% CI: 2.28–14.22, P = .0002), having higher Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score (OR = 1.71, 95% CI: 1.25–2.35, P = .0009), lower Braden score (OR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.56–0.96, P = .02), lower oxygen saturation (OR = 2.76, 95% CI: 1.52–5.00, P = .0008), double incontinence (OR = 4.10, 95% CI: 2.34–7.17, P < .00001), liquid stool (OR = 6.55, 95% CI: 4.12–10.41, P < .00001), frequent incontinence (OR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.03–1.43, P = .02), and higher perineal assessment tool (PAT) score (OR = 3.18, 95% CI: 1.76–5.76, P = .0001).

IMPLICATIONS:
Findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that healthcare providers should consider risk factors such as older age, fever, consciousness disorder, higher APACHE II score, lower Braden score and double incontinence matter when developing strategies for the prevention and management of IAD in critically ill incontinent patients.
Scavengers in the human-dominated landscape: an experimental study
Authors: Biswas Sourabh , Bhowmik Tathagata , Ghosh Kalyan , Roy Anamitra , Lahiri Aesha , Sarkar Sampita , Bhadra Anindita 
Published: July 2024

Rapid urbanization is a major cause of habitat and biodiversity loss and human–animal conflict. While urbanization is inevitable, we need to develop a good understanding of the urban ecosystem and the urban-adapted species, in order to ensure sustainable cities for our future. Scavengers play a major role in urban ecosystems, and often, urban adaptation involves a shift towards scavenging behaviour in wild animals. We experimented at different sites in the state of West Bengal, India, to identify the scavenging guild within urban habitats, in response to human-provided food. Our study found a total of 17 different vertebrate species across 15 sites, over 498 sessions of observations. We carried out network analysis to understand the dynamics of the system and found that the free-ranging dog and common myna were key species within the scavenging networks. This study revealed the complexity of scavenging networks within human-dominated habitats.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Connected interactions: enriching food web research by spatial and social interactions’.
Connecting and integrating cooperation within and between species
Authors: Bronstein Judith L. , Sridhar Hari 
Published: July 2024

There has long been a fundamental divide in the study of cooperation: researchers focus either on cooperation within species, including but not limited to sociality, or else on cooperation between species, commonly termed mutualism. Here, we explore the ecologically and evolutionarily significant ways in which within- and between-species cooperation interact. We highlight two primary cross-linkages. First, cooperation of one type can change the context in which cooperation of the other type functions, and thus potentially its outcome. We delineate three possibilities: (i) within-species cooperation modulates benefits for a heterospecific partner; (ii) between-species cooperation affects the dynamics of within-species cooperation; and (iii) both processes take place interactively. The second type of cross-linkage emerges when resources or services that cooperation makes available are obtainable either from members of the same species or from different species. This brings cooperation at the two levels into direct interaction, to some extent obscuring the distinction between them. We expand on these intersections between within- and between-species cooperation in a diversity of taxa and interaction types. These interactions have the potential to weave together social networks and trophic dynamics, contributing to the structure and functioning of ecological communities in ways that are just beginning to be explored.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Connected interactions: enriching food web research by spatial and social interactions’.