bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urban Sprawl Analysis Using Landscape Metrics in Chiba Prefecture, Japan from 1990-2021
Authors: Aurora Ruth Mevianna , Furuya Katsunori 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Urban sprawl, characterized by unregulated development on the outskirts of urban areas, leads to agricultural land loss, reduced biodiversity, and environmental issues. The study employs landscape metrics to analyze the spatial patterns and effects of urban sprawl by measuring the fragmentation and structure of urban areas in Chiba Prefecture, Japan. The research employs data collected from Landsat imagery 5 (1990) and 8 (2021) and utilizes the Google Earth Engine platform for spatial and temporal analysis. The Land Use Land Cover (LULC) assessment reveals the transformation of Chiba’s landscape from 1990 to 2021, with urban areas expanding significantly and vegetation decreasing. The analysis using 8 selected landscape metrics highlights the varying degrees of urban sprawl across Chiba Prefecture. Cities near Tokyo show higher levels of sprawl, while some areas outside the edge experience growing development. Notably, there is a trend of increasing urban sprawl toward the edge. As Chiba Prefecture faces challenges from an aging population, the findings emphasize the need for controlled urban development to mitigate the negative impacts of sprawl and the importance of sustainable urban planning especially towards the edge area to ensure a balance between development and environmental preservation.
Contributions of Corporate Green Space In Conserving Plant Diversity and Its Potential Usefulness: Case Study Wikasatrian Pusat Kepemimpinan
Authors: Kurniawati F , Muhaimin M , Hidayat I W , Warsono T , Widiantoro T C , Kholis M , Sunandar D , Rustandi U 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWikasatrian Pusat Kepemimpinan, under the PT Wijaya Karya Persero Tbk management, applies sustainability principles in managing its landscape. Wikasatrian Forest is a green-forested space in the Wikasatrian that is allowed to grow and develop naturally with no or lesser management. A study on plant diversity was conducted to strengthen its conservation value. The study aimed to identify the plant variety of the Wikasatrian Forest, assess the population, and its potential usefulness for people and nature in the landscape and other needs. Data were collected using the line transect method and quadrats analysis of 10 x 10 m squares for trees, 5 x 5 m squares for saplings, and 1 x 1 m squares for ground covers, with six plots of 10 x 100 m squares, in line with the forest track. Results showed that 26 tree species from 20 families were found. On all structure levels, the Shannon’s diversity index (H) was moderate (2.53 – 2.78), and the species evenness index (E) was high (0.7 – 0.82). These showed that this area has a good ecosystem balance with diverse plant species. Most species have multiple potential uses, which are used for medicinal purposes (14) and food sources (10). Some are for materials (9) and environmental improvement (6).
Reimagining Recreational Landscapes: A Generative AI-Aided Comparative Study of Academic Greenspaces at IPB University and UP Los Baños
Authors: Felizarte R M 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
A systematic examination of recreational landscape users’ behavioral patterns on university campuses is needed to fill the knowledge gap in implementing healthy academic greenspaces. To do so, a study is made to see the general behavioral patterns vis-à-vis cross-cultural factors in two campuses in Indonesia and the Philippines using the following methods: 1) behavioral mapping (BM) to record landscape activities data, 2) literature review to create the coding system, and 3) generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) application to aid generate images for the recommendations. The time frame, time-frequency, density, facilities, academic greenspace codes, and images were recorded using the BM. The study revealed that outdoor recreation in academic greenspaces is experienced in disparate physical spaces with various combinations of four dimensions: social space, symbolic space, active space, and experience space. The devised coding system helped align the study areas, determining commonalities, dissimilarities, and unusual findings. Common lacking features extracted from the data analysis were used as text prompts, while site images were used as image prompts. Using the prompts, landscape scenarios were generated using the GenAI application-Midjourney. Rendered figures suggest prominent landscape intervention ideas that feature enhancements of visual resources and the addition of placemaking elements.
Progressive collapse of regular RC structure considering flexibility of slabs under gravity and wind loads
Authors: Chandini M S , Manu K C , Shamana B S 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Progressive collapses are disastrous phenomena which occur in the structure due to manmade incidents or natural disasters. There are not any significant studies considering the flexibility of slabs in the structures, as an alternative to treating them as rigid diaphragms. The present study deals with the progressive collapse of a regular reinforced concrete structure considering flexibility of slabs, comparing the same when the slabs are considered as rigid diaphragms. 20 storey(G+19) building is modeled using ETABS software and nonlinear static analysis is performed under the action of gravity and wind loads. At the outset, the analysis is done for undamaged structure to find the behavior of structure and then the damaged models have been analyzed by removing one of the critical column in different locations at first storey, based on general services administration (GSA) guidelines[16]. Various response parameters such as base force capacity, storey stiffness and storey displacements have been compared for undamaged and damaged structures considering and not considering the flexibility of slabs. From the comparison of the results, it was noticed that the chance of progressive collapse is high when the corner column is damaged and also resistance to wind load is considerably higher when stiffness of slabs is considered for the analysis in both undamaged structure and the four cases of damaged structure (ii), which is about three times higher.
Review on Impact of Nano Silica Inclusion on Fresh and Hardened Properties of Self Compacting Concrete.
Authors: Karanth Mr. Pradeep , Kumar Mr. Vinith 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In the building sector of days, one of the buzzwords is self-compacting concrete. One of the more sophisticated results of concrete research is SCC, which has the ability to compact on its own weight without exhibiting segregation or bleeding and can flow readily through extremely crowded areas of reinforcement. the assessment of silica’s impact on the properties of both fresh and hardened concrete in self-compacting concrete (SCC). Workability, durability, and mechanical characteristics of self-compacting parks (SCC). In the experiment, various weight percentages of nano-silica—between 1% and 6%—were added to concrete as a cement-priming step. This experiment aims to investigate the effects of varying nano-carbon dioxide contents. Regarding the characteristics of concrete.
Study on the nanocomposites of polyaniline and Zn doped Fe3O4 using for arsenic absorption in water
Authors: Minh Thi Tran , Lam Nguyen Mau , Tung Do Khanh , Nghia Nguyen Manh , Quoc Van Duong , Manh Vu Quoc , Thi Bich Viet Nguyen , Linh Duong Khanh , Chinh Nguyen Thuy , Hoang Thai , Ţălu Ştefan , Trung Vu Quoc 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The polyaniline/Fe2.9Zn0.1O4 (PANI/Fe2.9Zn0.1O4) nanoparticles with different mass ratios were synthesized by both co-precipitation and in situ polymerization methods. The FT-IR spectra and DTA analyses showed the involvement of PANI in the nanocomposite samples. The grain size of samples measured by SEM ranges from 25 to 40 nm. The magnetization of samples at 300 K, H = 11000 Oe decreased from 65 to 43 emu g−1 as PANI/Fe2.9Zn0.1O4 mass ratio increased from 9% to 40%. At pH 7 and 300 K, the maximum arsenic (III) adsorption capacities of sample S1 (mass ratio of 9%) qmax = 43.48 mg g−1 was higher than that of others and Fe3O4. Additionally, the substitution of Fe2+ ions by Zn2+ ions and the presence of PANI in samples contributed to improving the magnetic and chemical stability of samples over time. Furthermore, these materials could be reused after desorption in a solution at pH 14.
Minimal covers in the Weihrauch degrees
Authors: Lempp Steffen , Miller Joseph , Pauly Arno , Soskova Mariya , Valenti Manlio 
Published: August 2024

In this paper, we study the existence of minimal covers and strong minimal covers in the Weihrauch degrees. We characterize when a problem

f
f

is a minimal cover or strong minimal cover of a problem

h
h

. We show that strong minimal covers only exist in the cone below

i
d

id

and that the Weihrauch lattice above

i
d

id

is dense. From this, we conclude that the degree of

i
d

id

is first-order definable in the Weihrauch degrees and that the first-order theory of the Weihrauch degrees is computably isomorphic to third-order arithmetic.
Tenth Century III
Authors: Howard-Johnston James 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
A bare list of ranks dating from 976/9, the Escorial Taktikon, gives us an invaluable glimpse of military and civil organization of the territories in the East annexed by Byzantium in the preceding half century. It was a two-tier military system, three higher-level ducal commands presiding over thirty-five small themes. As for civil administration, all that is known is that it was supervised by six judges. The development of the new system is placed in the context of successive phases of Byzantium’s eastern expansion, from the conquest of Melitene in 934 to that of Antioch in 969. It was not extended into the large territories of Iberia and Vaspurakan annexed in the early eleventh century.
The Supreme Court and Slavery, 1800–1860
Authors: Wiecek William M 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter looks into the Supreme Court’s response to slavery from 1800 to 1860. Before 1865, slavery was the legal institution that defined the status of most African Americans, obliterating almost every civil right that they might claim. Since slavery permeated the new nation, the federal Constitution of 1787 protected slavery directly in three provisions that confirmed its existence, but without referring to it by its proper name. The chapter explains that the enslavement of African Americans became essential to American economic growth and the development of a mature capitalist economy. It mentions that race seemed to be a visible characteristic in American society.
War and Cold War, 1941–1953
Authors: Wiecek William M 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of the constitutional experiences of African Americans during World War II and the early Cold War. It highlights that the constitutional advances made by Black Americans during and after World War II were momentous. The constitutional advances include the protection of the civil rights movement’s economic dimensions and the protection of African Americans’ rights while striking down racial segregation in interstate commerce and intrastate transportation bans. The Court began to ensure Black access to the labor market alongside the condemnation of exclusion and segregation in the topmost strata of public higher education, law school and graduate school. The chapter considers the 1950s opinions that struck down state-imposed racial segregation and denial of equal opportunity.
The Death of Affirmative Action
Authors: Wiecek William M 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses the significance and subsequent end of affirmative action. It explains that affirmative action has been part of the integration debates since the 1960s. Affirmative action expanded beyond its original anti-discrimination focus to embrace a policy of positive measures and equal opportunity for all qualified persons that President John F. Kennedy identified. The chapter then covers the extent of affirmative action in higher education, the labor market, and public contracts. Congress enacted the Civil Rights Act of 1964, with its Title VII provisions banning discrimination in employment. However, Title VII explicitly prohibited both preferential treatment and taking racial imbalance into account in employment policy, which effectively limited affirmative action.
Dreams, Shared Vision, and Purpose as the Driver of Change (Principle 1)
Authors: Boyatzis Richard E 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Chapter 2 introduces dreams, shared vision, and purpose as the driver of change. The first phase of Intentional Change Theory is the driver of sustained, desired change—the Ideal Self, or personal vision and at the collective levels, a shared vision. The articulation of a compelling and holistic Ideal Self or personal vision is a major motivating force of sustained, desired change and learning. The Ideal Self is a person’s sense of purpose, meaning, or calling; their personal and social identities; and their core values and operating philosophy that enable prospection and dreaming. It is moderated by hope. This constitutes a shared vision when it reflects a consensus or majority of the people in various collectives. One’s Ideal Self morphs over one’s life and career eras, as a result of salient experiences and socialization. It is not a forecast, planning, needs assessment, or diagnosis that suppresses the default mode network and inhibits dreaming of possibilities. The nemesis of the Ideal Self is the Ought Self, or the many ought selves imposed on one by others. Shared vision in collectives (dyads, teams, organizations, communities, and countries) has to reflect a consensus. It may be achieved using techniques like Appreciative Inquiry and Future Search Summits.
What Next? The Call to Study Change
Authors: Boyatzis Richard E 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This final chapter is a call for research on sustained, desired change to scholars and for professionals who wish to be a better consumer of such research. It proposes a set of possible research questions that need to be addressed and a review of the key topics and examples discussed in each chapter of this book. These include the need for longitudinal studies; the further exploration of speed, velocity, and periodicity of change; and the challenge of having a clear outcome or using mediator variables when studying change. Statistical methods of analysis should take into account multiple measures of the dependent variable and multiple sources of assessment, and careful calculation of change scores to avoid unintended effects. Within each chapter of this book are hundreds of possible research questions at all levels of change begging to be asked. For all that humans are doing to damage the environment and one other, they also have a distinctive ability to innovate, adapt, and care. It is hoped that this chapter and the entire book can help those on that quest.
Tax Expenditures on Union Taxes in India from 2005–06 to 2019–20
Authors: Mukherjee Sacchidananda 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The Union government foregoes revenue on account of various tax exemptions/incentive schemes promoted for various purposes. Like the Union government, state governments also provide tax incentives but the revenue impacts of those tax-exemption schemes are yet to be assessed. The present chapter assesses the trends and patterns of tax expenditures of the Union taxes from 2005–06 to 2019–20 and finds that overall tax expenditures of the Union government declined from 8.15 per cent of GVA in 2008–09 to 1.69 per cent in 2019–20. This was possible mainly on account of the continuous reduction of tax expenditures on indirect taxes. Tax expenditures on direct taxes also declined from 32.7 per cent of direct tax collection in 2008–09 to 22.4 per cent in 2019–20. The tax expenditures related to Union excise duty and customs duty declined from 15.2 per cent in 2008–09 to 12.6 per cent of indirect tax collection in 2019–20.
Fiscal Transfers in India
Authors: Rangarajan C , Srivastava D K 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The principle of equalization is consistent with the objectives of both equity and efficiency in determining fiscal transfers in federal fiscal systems. Canada is a good example of fiscal capacity equalization, whereas in Australia capacity equalization is supplemented by expenditure-side considerations. In India, the delivery of fiscal transfers is done through sharing of central taxes and grants. The former has emerged as the major vehicle for these transfers. Although equalization is not explicitly incorporated in the way this is done in Canada and Australia, in India it is incorporated at least partially through both tax devolution and grants. In this chapter, we explain in detail how the equalization objective is served by the distance criterion and how equalization content can be improved by modifying the area criterion. Similar changes can also be done in the population criterion and in changing the methodology for determination of grants.
Public Financial Management in India
Authors: Jena Pratap Ranjan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The public financial management (PFM) reforms undertaken over the years in India have produced some enduring results and provide opportunities to build upon an already existing institutional framework. The role of a sound PFM system in implementing policy decisions, establishing fiscal discipline, ensuring results from the spending of public resources, and improving service delivery has been getting increasing attention in India. The chapter discusses two important PFM reforms—outcome budget and medium-term expenditure framework (MTEF)—and provides policy options to move forward. Specifically, it suggests the need for a better coordination and consultative process in the parliamentary system of democracy in India in the budget-reform process.
Economic Valuation of Wetland Ecosystem Services
Authors: Venkatachalam L 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Most of the wetland ecosystem services are non-marketed, and as a result the economic importance of wetlands is undermined in the public policy domain, subjecting these natural assets to severe depletion and degradation. It is necessary to obtain information on the economic values of ecosystem services and their losses thereof to improve the wetlands. Across the globe, many economic valuation studies have been carried out to monetize the non-marketable ecosystem services of wetlands, and the results of these studies are used for creating awareness among stakeholders as well as for evidence-based policymaking in the area of wetland management. In this study, we critically review some of the important valuation studies to assess the current status, highlight the issues involved in generating such values, and propose measures to strengthen wetland-valuation practices in the future.
A pan-allelic human SIRPα-blocking antibody, ES004-B5, promotes tumor killing by enhancing macrophage phagocytosis and subsequently inducing an effective T-cell response
Authors: Niu Xiaofeng , Wang Chunnian , Jiang Haixia , Gao Rui , Lu Yefeng , Guo Xiaoli , Zhou Hongping , Cui Xue , Sun Jun , Qiu Quan , Sun Dawei , Lu Hongtao 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
As a major immune cell type in the tumor microenvironment, tumor-associated macrophages secrete suppressive factors that can inhibit antitumor immunity and promote tumor progression. One approach trying to utilize macrophages for immunotherapy has been to block the CD47-SIRPα axis, which mediates inhibitory signaling, to promote phagocytosis of tumor cells. Many CD47-targeted agents, namely, anti-CD47 antibodies and SIRPα fusion proteins, were associated with a diverse spectrum of toxicities that limit their use in clinical settings. Universal expression of CD47 also leads to a severe “antigen sink” effect of CD47-targeted agents. Given that the CD47 receptor, SIRPα, has a more restricted expression profile and may have CD47-independent functions, targeting SIRPα is considered to have distinct advantages in improving clinical efficacy with a better safety profile. We have developed ES004-B5, a potentially best-in-class pan-allelic human SIRPα-blocking antibody using hybridoma technology. ES004-B5 binds to major human SIRPα variants through a unique epitope with high affinity. By blocking CD47-induced inhibitory “don't-eat-me” signaling, ES004-B5 exerts superior antitumor activity in combination with anti-tumor-associated antigen antibodies in vitro and in vivo. Unlike CD47-targeted agents, ES004-B5 exhibits an excellent safety profile in nonhuman primates. ES004-B5 has potential to be an important backbone for SIRPα-based combination therapy and/or bispecific antibodies, which will likely overcome the limitations of CD47-targeted agents encountered in clinical settings.
The Impact of Minimum Wage Policy on Alcohol Use Disorder: A Quasi-Experimental Study in South Korea
Authors: Bai Yihong , Kim Chungah , Chum Antony 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
South Korea's 2018 minimum wage hike was examined for its impact on potential alcohol use disorders among affected individuals, using data from the Korea Welfare Panel Study (2015-2019). The study sample was restricted to workers aged 19-64 employed over the study years. The treatment group was identified as those below minimum wages, and the control group as those earning more than minimum wages in 2016-2017 (n=3,117 control, n=578 treatment). Using outcomes derived from the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, our results from difference-in-differences models showed that the 2018 wage hike was linked to a 1.9% increase in the 'high risk' of alcohol use disorder and a 3.6% rise in hazardous consumption in the treatment group. Notably, the effects were more pronounced among men and those aged 50-64. Additionally, we confirmed that the spillover effects extended to workers earning up to 20% above the minimum wage. This study underscores the unintended substance use risk of minimum wage policies in the East Asian context. As wage policies are implemented, integrated public health campaigns targeting at-risk groups are required.