bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A radiographic analysis of humerus shaft fractures to predict non-union
Authors: Price Alexander , O’Driscoll Conor , Kotze Nicolaas , Vukanic Danilo , Jemelik Petr , Cleary May , O’Briain David 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Humeral shaft fracture non-union rates of up to 33% have been reported when managed non-operatively. When managed surgically, non-union rates of 10% have been seen. The initial radiographic displacement parameters may be of significance in determining whether non-operative treatment might fail.

Aims
To determine whether the initial radiographic displacement of humeral shaft fractures can predict non-union rates and assist in decision-making for surgical intervention.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study was performed to identify all patients with humeral shaft fractures presenting to a regional trauma centre over a three-year period. Three-observer measurements were taken on defined radiographic parameters. These were compared between groups treated successfully with surgery and with non-operative intervention. A subset group was identified who failed non-operative treatment and required delayed surgery. Statistical analysis was performed to determine whether the group that failed non-operative treatment met the proposed radiographic parameters predicting treatment failure.

Results
Eighty patients were identified over the defined three-year period. Failure of non-operative management occurred in 6/43 (13.95%) patients. Failed conservative treatment was associated with increased age, female gender, and increased AP translation of lateral radiographs. Fractures successfully treated non-operatively showed a significantly lower AP translation on the lateral radiographs compared to patients who failed non-operative treatment 9.69 mm (IQR 4.90–14.05 mm) versus 22.61 mm (IQR 15.73–23.83 mm), p-value = 0.042.

Conclusion
Significant initial AP displacement may be associated with failure of non-operative management. This study highlights the importance of initial radiographic parameters of displacement in predicting possible failure of non-operative management for midshaft humerus fractures.
Achieving More Optimal Lipid Control with Non-Statin Lipid Lowering Therapy
Authors: Nicholls Stephen J. , Nelson Adam J. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose of Review
The use of statins has transformed approaches to the prevention of cardiovascular disease. However, many patients remain at a major risk of experiencing cardiovascular events, due to a range of factors including suboptimal control of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Accordingly, there is an ongoing need to develop additional strategies, beyond the use of statins, to achieve more effective reductions in cardiovascular risk.

Recent Findings
Genomic studies have implicated the causal role of LDL in atherosclerosis and identified that polymorphisms influencing factors involved in lipid metabolism influence both the level of LDL-C and cardiovascular risk. These findings have highlighted the potential for cardiovascular benefit from development of therapies targeting these factors and incremental benefit when used in combination with statins. Clinical trials have demonstrated that these new agents have favourable effects on both atherosclerotic plaque and cardiovascular events. Additional work has sought to improve intensification of statin therapy and adherence with lipid lowering therapy, to achieve more effective cardiovascular prevention via lipid lowering.

Summary
Emerging therapies, beyond statins, have the potential to optimise lipid levels and play an effective role in the prevention of cardiovascular disease.
Point-of-Care Ultrasonography in the Critical Care Unit: An Update
Authors: Guevarra Keith , Greenstein Yonatan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose of Review
This article outlines updates in point of care ultrasonography.

Recent Findings
Improving diagnostic accuracy and image quality is continuing to evolve in Point-of-care ultrasonography (POCUS). This include incorporating Artificial Intelligence (AI) and use of other modalities such as Doppler in lung ultrasonography. Transesophageal echocardiography is an emerging option when imaging is difficult to obtain via transthoracic echocardiography. POCUS is becoming instrumental when used during cardiac arrest. Ultrasound (VExUS) Grading System is a promising measurement to assess a patient’s volume status. Given the multiple advantages of POCUS usage, competency in POCUS became a requirement of Critical Care fellowship training.

Summary
POCUS is an important diagnostic modality and guide to medical management. New technological advances such as AI, can serve as a guide to enhance image quality and help accurately obtain quantitative assessments. POCUS has a major role during cardiac arrest and advanced cardiac life support. The clinical utility of POCUS was further substantiated during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) requires critical care programs to include competency in POCUS as part of their training.
The Impact of Diet and Nutrition on Prostate Cancer – Food for Thought?
Authors: Babakhanlou Rodrick , Gowin Krisstina 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose of Review
Prostate cancer is the second most common type of cancer in men.
Its incidence varies widely and is influenced by geographic location, race, ethnicity, lifestyle factors, and diet. The purpose of this review is to discuss the association between prostate cancer and diet and outline the impact of fats, carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins and phytonutrients on the pathogenesis of disease.

Recent Findings
Although conclusive evidence is limited, current data is indicative that a diet low in particular fats, animal proteins, dairy products and high in vegetables and fruits can be beneficial in supporting the course of disease.

Summary
Promoting a dietary pattern low in processed meat, dairy products, refined carbohydrates and saturated fats, but high in fruits and vegetables may have beneficial effects on prostate metabolism and inhibit various stages of carcinogenesis.
Clinical Relevance of ATRX/DAXX Gene Mutations and ALT in Functioning Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: van ´t Veld Brenna R. , Hackeng Wenzel M. , Luchini Claudio , Brosens Lodewijk A. A. , Dreijerink Koen M. A. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Functioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) represent a subset of PanNETs that cause symptoms due to hormonal activity. Insulinoma is the most common functioning PanNET type. Mutations in the alpha thalassemia/mental retardation X-linked (ATRX) and death domain-associated protein (DAXX) genes result in genomic instability. ATRX/DAXX mutations and associated alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) are common in non-functioning PanNETs and associated with aggressive tumor behavior. Recent reports have shown that ATRX/DAXX mutations and ALT are also present in functioning PanNETs. In this review, we summarize the literature addressing ATRX/DAXX mutations and ALT in functioning PanNETs and discuss the clinical relevance with regard to distinguishing aggressive and indolent functioning tumors. ATRX/DAXX gene mutations and/or ALT have been reported in insulinoma, glucagonoma, gastrinoma, VIPoma and calcitoninoma. In insulinoma, the presence of ATRX/DAXX mutations and ALT are associated with aggressive behavior and could therefore be used as prognostic biomarkers. Although ATRX/DAXX mutation and ALT assessment may currently not be the standard of care in routine diagnostic pathology practice, the use of DAXX/ATRX immunohistochemistry at least can be encouraged not only for non-functioning but also for functioning PanNETs.
Racial/Ethnic Differences and Effects of Clinical/Socioeconomic Factors on Time from Diagnosis to Treatment in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Sridharan Anush , Dotan Efrat , Dorta Marianna , Vemula Navya , Handorf Elizabeth , Deng Mengying , Renning Ashley , Sorice Kristen , Laderman Lauren , Whittington Kate , Cukierman Edna , Astsaturov Igor , Vijayvergia Namrata , Meyer Joshua E. , Reddy Sanjay S. , Lynch Shannon M. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Five-year survival for pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is < 10% but can vary by a patient’s race, socioeconomic status (SES), and the factors related to the neighborhood where a patient lives (nSES) . Prolonged time from diagnosis to first treatment (T2T) is another important disparity indicator. Here, we examined the effect of race, nSES, and patient-level clinical factors on T2T and survival in metastatic PDAC (mPDAC) patients.

Methods
Patients with mPDAC treated at an academic cancer center between 2010 and 2018 (n = 334) were evaluated for nSES measures related to racial concentration, neighborhood deprivation, stability, immigration status, and transportation access from the US Census. We assessed and reported the effects of nSES and patient-level variables (age, race, gender, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), etc.) on T2T and survival using univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression, hazard ratios (HR), confidence intervals (CI).

Results
82.9% of the patients were White; 17.1% were Black. Median T2T was 26 days with no significant difference in T2T and survival by race. In multivariable models, no nSES variables were significantly associated with T2T. T2T did not significantly impact survival; however, receipt of chemotherapy (HR = 0.14 [95% CI = 0.06, 0.30]) was associated with better survival outcomes.

Conclusion
Among patients with mPDAC, T2T was not associated with race/ethnic disparities or survival in a mostly White, high SES population treated at a comprehensive cancer center. Future investigations into pancreatic cancer disparities may be warranted in other hospital settings and in larger, more diverse study samples.
Phenomenological experience of a negative event when an older self is imagined
Authors: Özdemir Haksever Nilay , Ikier Simay 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
When individuals become older, they sometimes interpret their autobiographical memories in perspective and remember them more positively. In the present study, we investigated whether simulating an autobiographical memory as if an older individual experienced it would change its phenomenological experience. In the first session of the experiment, young participants retrieved and phenomenologically rated an important negative event (original memory). One week later, in the second session, half of the participants simulated themselves as older (older-self condition) and the other half simulated another older individual (older-other condition) and imagined that this simulated individual experienced the event at the same age that they did (simulated memory). They provided the same phenomenological experience ratings for the simulated memory. Lastly, they rated the original memory once more as their current selves (post-simulation memory) on the same scales. The positivity of the memories was higher in the older-self condition than in the older-other condition. Compared to the original memory, participants experienced reduced negative affect for the simulated memory, which remained for the post-simulation memory. The simulated memory was less likely to be viewed from a field perspective and it revealed lower vividness and reliving ratings than the original and post-simulation memory. The emotional intensity of the simulated memory was lower than the original memory, but the intensity of the original and the post-simulation memory did not differ. The present study highlights the strong relationship between self and memory, showing how age-related distancing from the current self can be reflected in the phenomenological experience of memories.
Estimating relative uncertainty of geological 3D models with low density of input data in geologically complex regions
Authors: Staněk František , Franěk Jan , Jelínek Jan , Žáček Vladimír 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper addresses uncertainty quantification in manually created 3D geological models of complex regions with sparse data, crucial for e.g. safety and exploration planning. Current models lack such assessments, which is particularly problematic for non-expert stakeholders. The Czech Geological Survey (CGS) developed a workflow to evaluate and visualize uncertainty in such models. Unlike models of geologically simpler areas with rich input data, these models based on sparse input data are created manually and rely on specific model-based interpretations that assume certain tectonic regime or deformation style known from a broader region and from field studies of rock outcrops. The classic uncertainty calculation based on the comparison of a range of (semi-) automatically created models cannot be employed for manually-created stand-alone geological models, and no suitable methodology has yet been determined for such cases. The methodology presented by the CGS considers three sources of uncertainty: the local lithological complexity, the distance to faults, and the so-called general uncertainty - a coefficient that increases with depth. The resulting uncertainty, normalized to the interval < 0;1>, is then reduced in the vicinity of available input data sources (boreholes, geological/geophysical profiles, etc.). The result comprises a 3D grid of the relative uncertainty of the given geological model, which can then be imported into the 3D software tools available to the users of the respective geological model. Demonstrated on the Čertovka site, a potential deep geological repository of high-level radioactive waste, the resulting uncertainty 3D grid guides users in understanding model limitations and can guide subsequent geological explorations.
Carbonate and Nutrient Dynamics in a Mississippi River Influenced Eutrophic Estuary
Authors: He Songjie , Gordon Sean , Maiti Kanchan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
There is limited information on how the nutrient and freshwater input affects water column carbonate chemistry in the estuaries along the northern Gulf of Mexico. In this study, we assess the seasonal and spatial variability in carbonate chemistry in the Barataria Basin, a eutrophic estuary adjacent to the mouth of the Mississippi River. Eleven stations were sampled along a salinity gradient during the winter (January), spring (April), summer (July), and fall (October) of 2021. Surface and bottom water samples were collected for the analyses of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC); total alkalinity (TA); and nitrite plus nitrate (NO2 + NO3), phosphate (PO4), and dissolved silica (SiO4). Dissolved CO2 (pCO2) was measured in the surface water. Seasonal surface DIC and TA values ranged from 1553 to 2582 μmol kg−1 and 1217 to 2217 μmol kg−1, respectively. DIC and TA varied seasonally and showed an increasing trend from fresh stations to saline stations. The highest DIC and TA values were observed during the fall season, likely due to the increased contribution of DIC and TA from adjacent marshes as a result of enhanced porewater exchange. In contrast to DIC and TA, pCO2 decreased with the increase of salinity. The seasonal and spatial patterns in carbonate chemistry could not be explained solely by physical mixing and reflected complex interactions between biogeochemical processes driven by nutrient supply and temperature as well as tidal flushing and material exchanges with adjacent marshes.
Solving the puzzle of neanderthal occupations: a reassessment of temporal indicators of occupation duration
Authors: Lubrano Valentina , Rufà Anna , Blasco Ruth , Rivals Florent , Rosell Jordi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The identification of the duration of Neanderthal occupations is a tricky topic by the palimpsest nature of archaeological assemblages. This study explores the challenges associated with distinguishing between long and short-term occupations, using qualitative and quantitative data from relevant archaeological sites in the Late Middle Palaeolithic in Spain and south-eastern France. We highlight the proposed occupation models and their specific characteristics, considering the heterogeneity of archaeological evidence and the limitations of current methodologies. The article offers a reassessment of the topic, critically analysing the current indicators used to determine the duration of Neanderthal occupations. Furthermore, we discuss the complexity in defining the concepts of short and long-term occupation, emphasising the need for a multidisciplinary approach to fully understand the complexity of the practices of the Late Neanderthals.
Effect of Biochar Addition in Two Different Phases of the Co-Composting of Green Waste and Food Waste: An Analysis of the Process, Product Quality and Microbial Community
Authors: Oviedo-Ocaña Edgar Ricardo , Soto-Paz Jonathan , Parra-Orobio Brayan Alexis , Zafra Germán , Maeda Toshinari , Galezo-Suárez Andrea Carolina , Diaz-Larotta Judy Tatiana , Sanchez-Torres Viviana 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Green waste (GW) contains lignocellulosic substances that are resistant to degradation and prolong the composting process. Different strategies have been used to improve GW composting, including adding co-substrates and additives like food waste (FW) and biochar (Bc). FW offers advantages such as its constant availability in MSW streams, its high content of readily degradable organic matter, and its contribution of essential nutrients like nitrogen and potassium. On the other hand, Bc is incorporated at the beginning of the process. However, the effect of its addition in the phase of greatest biological activity has not been studied. This article compares the effect on the process, product quality, and the compost microbial community of adding 2% Bc in two different phases of the co-composting GW with food waste (FW). Two treatments were evaluated using the same mixture of substrates (wet/ weight) (i.e., 48%GW + 35%FW + 13%Sawdust + 2% Phosphate Rock + 2%Bc), but Bc was added in the mesophilic phase for T1 and the thermophilic phase for T2. With the addition of Bc at the mesophilic phase, higher temperatures were reached in the thermophilic phase, with a maximum temperature of 52.5 °C for T1 and 47.7 °C for T2. T1 final product had higher nutrient content (i.e., 28.30% TOC, 1.91% TN, and 4.69% TP in T1 compared to 15.80% TOC, 1.14% TN, and 4.29% TP in T2) and achieved a higher fertility index. Streptomyces and Nonomuraea were more abundant in T1 than T2, while Rhizobium, Roseiflexus, and Chloroflexus were significantly more abundant in T2 than in T1. These results suggest that T1 presents a microbial community that is more robust in degrading complex organic materials. This article demonstrated increased biological activity, lignocellulosic degradation, and nutrient content in the product when biochar is added from the beginning of the process.
Computational Study of Simultaneous Memristive Effect and Biosensing for Prostate-Specific Antigen Detection
Authors: Chen Junrui , Carrara Sandro 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Over the past decade, memristive biosensors have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in biological detection. However, a notable limitation has been the loss of the memristive effect during biosensing operations. In this study, we introduce a memristive biosensor that successfully integrates resistive switching behavior with biosensing functionality, for the detection of Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA). The proposed device incorporates dual Schottky contacts and stacked Silicon Nanowires (SiNWs), which act as biomolecule binding sites. Upon bio-functionalization, a distinct voltage difference-termed the Voltage Gap (Vg)-emerges between current minima during forward and backward voltage sweeps in Current–Voltage (I-V) characteristics, serving as a reliable indicator of target molecule binding. Crucially, the device retains its resistive switching properties even during molecular sensing, addressing a key challenge in existing designs. To explain the electrical behavior of this dual-functional memristive biosensor, we developed a capacitively coupled memristive model. The close alignment of simulation results with experimental data provides valuable insights for optimizing the design and performance of memristive biosensors. These advancements highlight the device’s potential for a wide range of biomedical applications, aiming to investigate the feasibility of simultaneously integrating biosensing and memristive switching, thereby paving the way for advanced applications such as in-sensor computing and in-memory sensing.
Anti-tumor potential of Harmine and its derivatives: recent trends and advancements
Authors: Joshi Hemant , Bhushan Sakshi , Dimri Tanisha , Sharma Deepak , Sak Katrin , Chauhan Abhishek , Chauhan Ritu , Haque Shafiul , Ahmad Faraz , Kumar Manoj , Tuli Hardeep Singh , Kaur Damandeep 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Harmine is a β-carboline alkaloid derived from Peganum harmala, showing a solid antitumor potential in different types of human cancer cells. Unfortunately, the clinical application of this natural alkaloid has been impeded till now by severe toxic side effects, especially neurotoxicity, besides its poor water solubility. Therefore, over the recent years, several semisynthetic derivatives of harmine have been prepared and studied concerning their abilities to inhibit tumor cell proliferation, survival, angiogenesis, migration, and invasion in diverse preclinical models. This review article summarizes the anticancer effects of harmine and its synthetic derivatives, demonstrating their high potential to be developed as novel anticancer drugs to supplement our current therapeutic arsenal in the fight against the globally increasing rate of malignant disorders.
Lower estimate of blow-up time and blow-up rate for non-local curvature flows for plane curves
Authors: Nagasawa Takeyuki 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study examines several non-local curvature flows for plane curves with general rotation number. The flows investigated here are the area-preserving flow, the length-preserving flow, and the gradient flow of isoperimetric deficit. In a previous study, sufficient conditions for finite-time blow-up have been presented, and an upper bound for the blow-up time have been proposed. Here, we give estimates for solutions including at least two important applications. First, a lower bound for the blow-up time for the blow-up solutions is derived. Second, our estimate improves the blow-up rate of the blow-up solutions.