bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiple methods for calculating minimum ecological flux of the desiccated Lower Tarim River, Western China
Authors: Ye Zhaoxia , Shen Yanjun , Chen Yapeng 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTWe estimated the minimum ecological influx in the lower Tarim River via the wetted perimeter method using the curvature technique. Calculations were based on river geomorphology data during the fifth and sixth ecological water conveyances. Results showed that the minimum ecological influx of the three control sections of the river (Yinsu, Alagan, and Yiganbjima) were 2.85, 3.76, and 1.76 m3/s, which accounted for 9.7%, 14%, and 6.9% of the multi‐year average annual discharges, respectively. Except for the dry season, annual ecological water demand of the river was 0.79 × 108 m3, excluding evaporation and leakage. Multiple methods were used to prove the rationality of the results. It is by using the Tennant method that the percentage of minimum ecological influx accounting for multi‐year average flux varied from 6.9% to 14% (average 10.2%), which is considered normal for the maintenance of river habitat. It is by using the R2Cross method that the minimum ecological influx of the lower Tarim River was 2.935 m3/s. These calculation results mirror the actual situation and serve as the base of water‐source distribution in lower Tarim River. Further research is required to validate and adjust the results according to long‐term hydrographic observations. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimation of evapotranspiration over the terrestrial ecosystems in China
Authors: Li Xianglan , Liang Shunlin , Yuan Wenping , Yu Guirui , Cheng Xiao , Chen Yang , Zhao Tianbao , Feng Jinming , Ma Zhuguo , Ma Mingguo , Liu Shaomin , Chen Jiquan , Shao Changliang , Li Shenggong , Zhang Xudong , Zhang Zhiqiang , Sun Ge , Chen Shiping , Ohta Takeshi , Varlagin Andrej , Miyata Akira , Takagi Kentaro , Saiqusa Nobuko , Kato Tomomichi 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTQuantifying regional evapotranspiration (ET) and environmental constraints are particularly important for understanding water and carbon cycles of terrestrial ecosystems. However, a large uncertainty in the regional estimation of ET still remains for the terrestrial ecosystems in China. This study used ET measurements of 34 eddy covariance sites within China and adjacent regions to examine the performance of the revised Remote Sensing‐Penman Monteith (RS‐PM) model over various ecosystem types including forests, grasslands, wetlands and croplands. No significant systematic error was found in the revised RS‐PM model predictions, which explained 61% of the ET variations at all of the validation sites. Regional patterns of ET at a spatial resolution of 10 × 10 km were quantified using a meteorology dataset from 753 meteorological stations, Modern Era Retrospective‐analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) reanalysis products and satellite data such as the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) leaf area index. ET decreased from the southeast of China toward the northwest. Relatively high ET values were found in the southern China such as Yunnan, Hainan, Fujian and Guangdong Provinces, whereas low ET values occurred in northwestern China such as in the Xinjiang autonomous region. On average, the annual ET presented an increasing trend during the 1982–2009, with relatively low ET in 1985, 1993, 1997, 2000 and 2009. We found that the mean annual ET was higher than world average, ranging spatially between 484 and 521 mm yr−1, with a mean value of 500 mm yr−1, which accounted for approximately 5·6–8·3% of the world's total land‐surface ET. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of spatiotemporal variability of tree water uptake using stable isotopes (δ18O, δ2H) in an alluvial system supplied by a high‐altitude watershed, Pfyn forest, Switzerland
Authors: Bertrand Guillaume , Masini Jean , Goldscheider Nico , Meeks Jessica , Lavastre Véronique , Celle‐Jeanton Hélène , Gobat Jean‐Michel , Hunkeler Daniel 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTSources of water use by 10 alluvial trees in various hydrogeological and ecological situations at the Pfyn forest (Wallis canton, Switzerland) were assessed by analysing 18O and 2H isotopes of precipitation, soil water at different depths, surface water, groundwater and xylem sap. The soil water line in a δ18O versus δ2H diagram shows evidence of kinetic fractionation related to evaporation. The tree water line is close to the soil trend; however, an additional enrichment may occur and could be related to xylem–phloem communication under water stress. At sites where the water table was at least 2 m below the ground surface, isotopic temporal variability of soils and trees was strongly linked with seasonal variation of soil water content. When soil water content was low and water table shallow, trees used both soil water and groundwater. When soil water content was high, this source was usually the dominant source for transpiration. In addition, some ecological strategies, reproduction or growth competition, could explain shifts in the utilization of different water sources, for example, from soil water to a mix of soil water and groundwater. At one site where soil water and groundwater were abundant throughout the year (next to the river course), neighbouring trees permanently used distinct water sources. This is consistent with a strategy of competition limitation, which would favour bank colonization. These results provide insight into the ecohydrological functioning of this system and will aid future management responses to both local and climate changes. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
What Are the Parameters Controlling Inter‐ vs. Intra‐Strand DNA Photodamage with Ru‐TAP Oligonucleotides?
Authors: Le Gac Stéphane , Surin Mathieu , Defrancq Eric , Moucheron Cécile , Kirsch‐De Mesmaeker Andrée 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe special photoreactivity of Ru‐TAP (TAP = 1,4,5,8‐tetraazaphenanthrene, phen = 1,10‐phenanthroline) complexes anchored to G‐containing oligodeoxyribonucleotide (ODN) probes prompted us to investigate thoroughly the parameters that influence their selectivity in two competing processes: the intermolecular photoreaction with the target complementary sequence, leading to crosslinking at G sites of the target, and the intramolecular photoreaction leading to a self‐inhibition also called the Seppuku process. It is indeed particularly important to favour self‐inhibition in the presence of mismatch‐containing target sequences. It was found that any parameter reinforcing the association of the Ru‐ODN conjugate with a sequence possessing impaired complementarity, such as a low temperature (22 °C), high sodium chloride concentration ([NaCl] = 150 mM), and the presence of an intercalating ligand in the Ru complex, led to increases in undesired photocrosslinking with the wrong target (i.e. that sequence bearing impaired complementarity). In contrast, less favorable conditions for hybridization (T = 33 °C, [NaCl] = 50 mM, a non‐intercalating complex), led to a rather good selectivity; up to a 3:1 self‐inhibition/photocrosslinking ratio was obtained with a target sequence containing only two mismatches. It is shown that this selectivity as well as the selectivity in the photocrosslinking sites, result from subtle changes in the probe and target interactions. These findings provide the basis for further improvements in selective DNA photoreagents (seppuku conjugates) for cancer research and elaborate the guidelines for selecting appropriate target sequences in a gene to be silenced.
Synthesis and Regioselective Functionalization of Piperazin‐2‐ones Based on Phe‐Gly Pseudodipeptides
Authors: Valdivielso Angel M. , Ventosa‐Andrés Pilar , García‐López M. Teresa , Herranz Rosario , Gutiérrez‐Rodríguez Marta 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe synthesis of 1,4‐unsubstituted piperazin‐2‐ones by one‐pot reductive cyclization of PheΨ[CH(CN)NH]Gly pseudodipeptides is described. Studies on the reactivity of the piperazin‐2‐one ring showed a higher reactivity at the N4 position than at the N1 position. The stepwise regioselective functionalization of piperazin‐2‐one derivatives showed great potential for molecular diversity generation.
New Robust Redox and Conducting Polymer Modified Electrodes for Ascorbate Sensing and Glucose Biosensing
Authors: Kakhki Somayeh , Barsan Madalina M. , Shams Esmaeil , Brett Christopher M. A. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA novel modified electrode with a conducting film containing poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) plus poly(methylene blue) (PMB) on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) (PEDOT/PMB/GCE) has been developed, and application illustrated as electrochemical sensor for ascorbate and biosensor for glucose. Electrocatalytic oxidation at 0.0 V vs. SCE was successfully used for the determination of ascorbate in real samples. Glucose biosensors containing glucose oxidase (GOx) immobilized on PMB/PEDOT electrodes exhibit enhanced sensitivity relative to PEDOT ones. The new robust biosensor architecture shows a far superior operational and storage stability relative to PMB alone, enabling excellent preservation of enzyme activity during more than one month.
Electrochemical DNA Biosensor Based on Graphene and TiO2 Nanorods Composite Film for the Detection of Transgenic Soybean Gene Sequence of MON89788
Authors: Gao Hongwei , Sun Min , Lin Chao , Wang Shubai 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBased on graphene (GR), TiO2 nanorods, and chitosan (CTS) nanocomposite modified carbon ionic liquid electrode (CILE) as substrate electrode, a new electrochemical DNA biosensor was effectively fabricated for the detection of the transgenic soybean sequence of MON89788. By using methylene blue (MB) as hybridization indicator for monitoring the hybridization with different ssDNA sequences, the differential pulse voltammetric response of MB on DNA modified electrodes were recorded and compared. Due to the synergistic effects of TiO2 nanorods and GR on the electrode surface, the electrochemical responses of MB were greatly increased. Under optimal conditions the differential pulse voltammetric response of the target ssDNA sequence could be detected in the range from 1.0×10−12 to 1.0×10−6 mol/L with a detection limit of 7.21×10−13 mol/L (3σ). This electrochemical DNA biosensor was further applied to the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) product of transgenic soybeans with satisfactory results.
Dual role of phenols as fragrances and antioxidants: mechanism, kinetics and drastic solvent effect
Authors: Marteau Clémentine , Nardello‐Rataj Véronique , Favier Dominique , Aubry Jean‐Marie 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTThe antioxidant activity of 18 phenols, including standard antioxidants (e.g. butylated hydroxytoluene, α‐tocopherol) and fragrance molecules (e.g. eugenol, thymol) has been evaluated by measuring the rate constants for their reaction with the DPPH• (2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl) radical in m‐xylene. Correlation with the bond dissociation energies supports the involvement of the hydrogen atom transfer mechanism. The radical trapping ability of α‐tocopherol, eugenol and isoeugenol has been investigated in five solvents of different polarity and in a series of homologous alcohols. In comparison to α‐tocopherol, the increase of the observed scavenging kinetics for eugenol and isoeugenol in alcohols suggests that the sequential proton loss electron transfer (SPLET) takes place. The addition of acetic acid eliminates the SPLET mechanism and confirms its predominance in polar solvent. The major effects of the pKa of fragrant phenols and of the solvent dielectric constant on the SPLET mechanism are discussed. Some fragrance phenols, such as mesitol and eugenol, show a significant reactivity towards the DPPH• radical in m‐xylene, which is more pronounced for eugenol derivatives in alcohols. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An expedient preparation of enantio‐enriched ambergris odorants starting from commercial ionone alpha
Authors: Serra Stefano 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTWe report the enantioselective synthesis of the ambergris odorants (+)‐(S)‐γ‐ionone, (+)‐(S)‐γ‐dihydroionone, (−)‐α‐ambrinol, (+)‐(S)‐γ‐coronal, (−)‐(S)‐γ‐homocyclogeranyl chloride and (+)‐(S)‐γ‐homocyclogeraniol. At first, the enantio‐enriched (4R,6S)‐4‐acetoxy‐γ‐ionone was prepared starting from commercial racemic ionone alpha by means of a chemo‐enzymatic process. This chiral building block was then converted into (S)‐γ‐dihydroionone which was used as the starting material for the synthesis of the aforementioned odorants. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Global epidemiology of hepatitis C virus infection: New estimates of age-specific antibody to HCV seroprevalence
Authors: Mohd Hanafiah Khayriyyah , Groeger Justina , Flaxman Abraham D. , Wiersma Steven T. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract

In efforts to inform public health decision makers, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors 2010 (GBD2010) Study aims to estimate the burden of disease using available parameters. This study was conducted to collect and analyze available prevalence data to be used for estimating the hepatitis C virus (HCV) burden of disease. In this systematic review, antibody to HCV (anti-HCV) seroprevalence data from 232 articles were pooled to estimate age-specific seroprevalence curves in 1990 and 2005, and to produce age-standardized prevalence estimates for each of 21 GBD regions using a model-based meta-analysis. This review finds that globally the prevalence and number of people with anti-HCV has increased from 2.3% (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 2.1%-2.5%) to 2.8% (95% UI: 2.6%-3.1%) and >122 million to >185 million between 1990 and 2005. Central and East Asia and North Africa/Middle East are estimated to have high prevalence (>3.5%); South and Southeast Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, Andean, Central, and Southern Latin America, Caribbean, Oceania, Australasia, and Central, Eastern, and Western Europe have moderate prevalence (1.5%-3.5%); whereas Asia Pacific, Tropical Latin America, and North America have low prevalence (<1.5%).

Conclusion

: The high prevalence of global HCV infection necessitates renewed efforts in primary prevention, including vaccine development, as well as new approaches to secondary and tertiary prevention to reduce the burden of chronic liver disease and to improve survival for those who already have evidence of liver disease.
Association between noninvasive fibrosis markers and mortality among adults with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the United States
Authors: Kim Donghee , Kim Ray W. , Kim Hwa Jung , Therneau Terry M. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract

The clinical and public health significance of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is not well established. We investigated the long-term effect of NAFLD on mortality. This analysis utilized the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted in 1988-1994 and subsequent follow-up data for mortality through December 31, 2006. NAFLD was defined by ultrasonographic detection of hepatic steatosis in the absence of other known liver diseases. The presence and severity of hepatic fibrosis in subjects with NAFLD was determined by the NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS), the aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI), and FIB-4 score. Of 11,154 participants, 34.0% had NAFLD—the majority (71.7%) had NFS consistent with lack of significant fibrosis (NFS <−1.455), whereas 3.2% had a score indicative of advanced fibrosis (NFS >0.676). After a median follow-up of 14.5 years, NAFLD was not associated with higher mortality (age- and sex-adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 1.05; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.93-1.19). In contrast, there was a progressive increase in mortality with advancing fibrosis scores. Compared to subjects without fibrosis, those with a high probability of advanced fibrosis had a 69% increase in mortality (for NFS: HR, 1.69, 95% CI: 1.09-2.63; for APRI: HR, 1.85, 95% CI: 1.02-3.37; for FIB-4: HR, 1.66, 95% CI: 0.98-2.82) after adjustment for other known predictors of mortality. These increases in mortality were almost entirely from cardiovascular causes (for NFS: HR, 3.46, 95% CI: 1.91-6.25; for APRI: HR, 2.53, 95% CI: 1.33-4.83; for FIB-4: HR, 2.68, 95% CI: 1.44-4.99).

Conclusions
: Ultrasonography-diagnosed NAFLD is not associated with increased mortality. However, advanced fibrosis, as determined by noninvasive fibrosis marker panels, is a significant predictor of mortality, mainly from cardiovascular causes, independent of other known factors.
Discrete nature of EpCAM+ and CD90+ cancer stem cells in human hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Yamashita Taro , Honda Masao , Nakamoto Yasunari , Baba Masayo , Nio Kouki , Hara Yasumasa , Zeng Sha Sha , Hayashi Takehiro , Kondo Mitsumasa , Takatori Hajime , Yamashita Tatsuya , Mizukoshi Eishiro , Ikeda Hiroko , Zen Yoh , Takamura Hiroyuki , Wang Xin Wei , Kaneko Shuichi 
Published: November 2012

Abstract

Recent evidence suggests that hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is organized by a subset of cells with stem cell features (cancer stem cells; CSCs). CSCs are considered a pivotal target for the eradication of cancer, and liver CSCs have been identified by the use of various stem cell markers. However, little information is known about the expression patterns and characteristics of marker-positive CSCs, hampering the development of personalized CSC-targeted therapy. Here, we show that CSC markers EpCAM and CD90 are independently expressed in liver cancer. In primary HCC, EpCAM+ and CD90+ cells resided distinctively, and gene-expression analysis of sorted cells suggested that EpCAM+ cells had features of epithelial cells, whereas CD90+ cells had those of vascular endothelial cells. Clinicopathological analysis indicated that the presence of EpCAM+ cells was associated with poorly differentiated morphology and high serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), whereas the presence of CD90+ cells was associated with a high incidence of distant organ metastasis. Serial xenotransplantation of EpCAM+/CD90+ cells from primary HCCs in immune-deficient mice revealed rapid growth of EpCAM+ cells in the subcutaneous lesion and a highly metastatic capacity of CD90+ cells in the lung. In cell lines, CD90+ cells showed abundant expression of c-Kit and

in vitro

chemosensitivity to imatinib mesylate. Furthermore, CD90+ cells enhanced the motility of EpCAM+ cells when cocultured

in vitro

through the activation of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling, whereas imatinib mesylate suppressed

TGFB1

expression in CD90+ cells as well as CD90+ cell-induced motility of EpCAM+ cells.

Conclusion

: Our data suggest the discrete nature and potential interaction of EpCAM+ and CD90+ CSCs with specific gene-expression patterns and chemosensitivity to molecular targeted therapy. The presence of distinct CSCs may determine the clinical outcome of HCC.
Why risk professional fulfilment: a grounded theory of physician engagement in healthcare development
Authors: Lindgren Åsa , Bååthe Fredrik , Dellve Lotta 
Published: November 2012

SUMMARYThe need for trans‐professional collaboration when developing healthcare has been stressed by practitioners and researchers. Because physicians have considerable impact on this process, their willingness to become involved is central to this issue.ObjectiveThis study aims to gain a deeper understanding of how physicians view their engagement in healthcare development.MethodUsing a grounded theory approach, the study developed a conceptual model based on empirical data from qualitative interviews with physicians working at a hospital (n = 25).ResultsA continual striving for experiences of usefulness and progress, conceptualized as ‘striving for professional fulfilment’ (the core category), emerged as a central motivational drive for physician engagement in healthcare development. Such experiences were gained when achieving meaningful results, having impact, learning to see the greater context and fulfilling the perceived doctor role. Reinforcing organizational preconditions that facilitated physician engagement in healthcare development were workplace continuity, effective strategies and procedures, role clarity regarding participation in development and opportunities to gain knowledge about organization and development. Two opposite role‐taking tendencies emerged: upholding a traditional doctor role with high autonomy in relation to organization and management, clinical work serving as the main source of fulfilment, or approaching a more complete ‘employeeship’ role in which organizational engagement also provides a sense of fulfilment.ConclusionExperiencing professional fulfilment from participation in healthcare development is crucial for sustainable physician engagement in such activities.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Olanzapine and food craving: a case control study
Authors: Abbas Mohammed J. , Liddle Peter F. 
Published: November 2012

BackgroundAntipsychotic‐induced weight gain is a problematic side effect. The mechanism is still not fully understood. Carbohydrate (and possibly other food) cravings have been suggested in literature, but not been systematically investigated.ObjectivesTo investigate the hypothesis that food cravings, especially for carbohydrate, are responsible for olanzapine‐induced weight gain.MethodA case control design was used to measure general and specific food cravings using Food Craving Inventory (White et al., 2002) in three groups: patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia taking olanzapine (Number = 20) or typical antipsychotics (Number = 20) and in a healthy control group (Number = 20).ResultsNo statistically significant differences were found between the three groups in the craving scores. There was a trend in the typical group to show more cravings than other groups.ConclusionOur study failed to prove the hypothesis that carbohydrate craving is responsible for olanzapine‐induced weight gain. This conclusion is limited by the small number of the subjects included. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Silent information regulator (Sir)T1 inhibits NF-κB signaling to maintain normal skeletal remodeling
Authors: Edwards James R , Perrien Daniel S , Fleming Nicole , Nyman Jeffry S , Ono Koichiro , Connelly Linda , Moore Megan M , Lwin Seint T , Yull Fiona E , Mundy Gregory R , Elefteriou Florent 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Silent information regulator T1 (SirT1) is linked to longevity and negatively controls NF-κB signaling, a crucial mediator of survival and regulator of both osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Here we show that NF-κB repression by SirT1 in both osteoclasts and osteoblasts is necessary for proper bone remodeling and may contribute to the mechanisms linking aging and bone loss. Osteoclast- or osteoblast-specific SirT1 deletion using the Sirtflox/flox mice crossed to lysozyme M-cre and the 2.3 kb col1a1-cre transgenic mice, respectively, resulted in decreased bone mass caused by increased resorption and reduced bone formation. In osteoclasts, lack of SirT1 promoted osteoclastogenesis in vitro and activated NF-κB by increasing acetylation of Lysine 310. Importantly, this increase in osteoclastogenesis was blocked by pharmacological inhibition of NF-κB. In osteoblasts, decreased SirT1 reduced osteoblast differentiation, which could also be rescued by inhibition of NF-κB. In further support of the critical role of NF-κB signaling in bone remodeling, elevated NF-κB activity in IκBα+/− mice uncoupled bone resorption and formation, leading to reduced bone mass. These findings support the notion that SirT1 is a genetic determinant of bone mass, acting in a cell-autonomous manner in both osteoblasts and osteoclasts, through control of NF-κB and bone cell differentiation. © 2013 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.