bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organic Dyes with Well‐Defined Structures for Highly Efficient Dye‐Sensitised Solar Cells Based on a Cobalt Electrolyte
Authors: Seo Kang Deuk , Choi In Tack , Kim Hwan Kyu 
Published: September 2015

AbstractSeven SGT organics dyes, containing bis‐dimethylfluoreneyl amino groups with a dialkoxyphenyl unit as an electron donor and a cyanoacrylic acid group as an anchoring group, connected with oligothiophenes, fused thiophenes and benzothiadiazoles as π‐bridges, were designed and synthesised for applications in dye‐sensitised solar cells (DSSCs). The photovoltaic performance of DSSCs based on organic dyes with oligothiophenes depends on the molecular structure of the dyes, in terms of the length change of the π‐bridging units. The best performance was found with a π‐bridge length of about 6 Å. To further enhance the photovoltaic performance associated with this concept, cyclopenta[1,2‐b:5,4‐b′]dithiophene (CPDT) and benzothiadiazole were introduced into the π‐bridge unit. As a result, the DSSC based on the organic dye containing the CPDT moiety showed the best photovoltaic performance with a short‐circuit photocurrent density (Jsc) of 14.1 mA cm−2, an open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.84 V and a fill factor (FF) of 0.72, corresponding to an overall conversion efficiency (η) of 8.61 % under standard AM 1.5 irradiation.
A Remarkably Simple Class of Imidazolium‐Based Lipids and Their Biological Properties
Authors: Wang Da , Richter Christian , Rühling Andreas , Drücker Patrick , Siegmund Daniel , Metzler‐Nolte Nils , Glorius Frank , Galla Hans‐Joachim 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA series of imidazolium salts bearing two alkyl chains in the backbone of the imidazolium core were synthesized, resembling the structure of lipids. Their antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity were evaluated using Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria and eukaryotic cell lines including tumor cells. It is shown that the length of alkyl chains in the backbone is vital for the antibiofilm activities of these lipid‐mimicking components. In addition to their biological activity, their surface activity and their membrane interactions are shown by film balance and quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) measurements. The structure–activity relationship indicates that the distinctive chemical structure contributes considerably to the biological activities of this novel class of lipids.
A General, Practical Triethylborane‐Catalyzed Reduction of Carbonyl Functions to Alcohols
Authors: Peng Dongjie , Zhang Mintao , Huang Zheng 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA combination of the abundant and low‐cost triethylborane and sodium alkoxide generates a highly efficient catalyst for reduction of esters, as well as ketones and aldehydes, to alcohols using an inexpensive hydrosilane under mild conditions. The catalyst system exhibits excellent chemoselectivity and a high level of functional group tolerance. Mechanistic studies revealed a resting state of sodium triethylalkoxylborate that is the product of the reaction of BEt3 with sodium alkoxide. This borate species reacts with hydrosilane to form NaBEt3H, which rapidly reduces esters.
A Modular Synthesis of Conformationally Preorganised Extended β‐Strand Peptidomimetics
Authors: Yamashita Tohru , Knipe Peter C. , Busschaert Nathalie , Thompson Sam , Hamilton Andrew D. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Andrew D. Hamilton and Sam Thompson at the University of Oxford (UK). The image depicts a new class of conformationally constrained β‐strand mimetics mediating the interaction between two subunits of a protein that controls transcription. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201501366.
Comparative study of different methods for the assessment of print mottle
Authors: Jurič Ivana , Karlović Igor , Novaković Dragoljub , Tomić Ivana 
Published: September 2015

AbstractPrint mottle is a print defect that occurs more or less on prints and has a negative influence on the evenness in print. Several methods to assess print mottle have been proposed. In this article, we analyzed three methods for print mottle evaluation: Histogram Mottle Macro, Gray level co‐occurrence matrix (GLCM) and M‐score. The aim was to compare them and to determine their relation to perceived non‐uniformity obtained by visual assessment. In the experimental part, we printed four different substrates with different optical properties with digital printing machine based on electrophotographic process. The surface of papers was characterized by measuring optical paper properties. The results obtained in this study suggest that GLCM method should be used for print mottle assessment. This method has the strongest correlation with the visual experience of print mottle. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 41, 493–499, 2016
Seasonal and emotional associations of the colours and their effects on directing the Turkish fashion
Authors: Arik Buket , Sato Tetsuya , Sarikaya Gulsah , Ikiz Yuksel 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis article suggests a potential scientific approach in finding colour effects on human emotions and seasonal associations. A visual assessment of the colour samples was carried out with the help of Turkish observers in Denizli, Turkey. From the study, it was found that Turkish four season colours of spring, summer, autumn and winter were bright green, vivid yellow, dull yellow and dark grayish brown respectively. Moreover, the colour data were arranged in terms of gender and age of the observers. In this analysis, it was observed that the colour preferences changed according to the gender and age of the observers. For instance, the top spring colour preference of young ladies were vivid bluish green, light blue and bright purple, on the other hand the top spring colour preference of adult ladies was light yellow green and the top spring colour preference of young and adult men was bright green. In the study, the observers were also asked about elicited emotional associations of the main colours on their mind and the data were collected in a table. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 41, 523–529, 2016
Delegation of signing rights for emerging 5G networks
Authors: Ge Yongyong , Li Yannan , Liu Zhusong 
Published: September 2015

Summary5G mobile networks are promising to offer mobile users unrivaled experiences with infinite networking capability at any period and from anywhere. However, it appears unnecessary and impractical for the customers and servers to be connected permanently in wireless networks because battery life is a bottleneck in such kind of networks. Therefore, the authorized entity needs to delegate its right to others in order to ensure the services available. This paper aims to address the issue of delegating authentication in 5G networks by proposing a new proxy signature scheme with efficient proxy signing operations. Concretely, we present a new and efficient proxy signature algorithm whose unforgeability can be reduced to the well‐known discrete logarithm assumption. In the proposal, the original signer delegates his signing right by signing an exposure‐free chameleon hash value on the warrant, and the proxy signer can generate a proxy signature on a message only by calculating a chameleon hash collision between the warrant and the message. This approach is computationally cost‐effective for the proxy signer. Further analysis of the new scheme demonstrates that it offers the desirable properties of delegation of signing sights. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Execution of compound multi‐kernel OpenCL computations in multi‐CPU/multi‐GPU environments
Authors: Soldado Fábio , Alexandre Fernando , Paulino Hervé 
Published: September 2015

SummaryCurrent computational systems are heterogeneous by nature, featuring a combination of CPUs and graphics processing units (GPUs). As the latter are becoming an established platform for high‐performance computing, the focus is shifting towards the seamless programming of these hybrid systems as a whole. The distinct nature of the architectural and execution models in place raises several challenges, as the best hardware configuration is behavior and workload dependent. In this paper, we address the execution of compound, multi‐kernel, open computing language computations in multi‐CPU/multi‐GPU environments. We address how these computations may be efficiently scheduled onto the target hardware, and how the system may adapt itself to changes in the workload to process and to fluctuations in the CPU's load. An experimental evaluation attests the performance gains obtained by the conjoined use of the CPU and GPU devices, when compared with GPU‐only executions, and also by the use of data‐locality optimizations in CPU environments. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reduction of the Search Space for the Folding of Proteins at the Level of Formation and Assembly of Secondary Structures: A New View on the Solution of Levinthal′s Paradox
Authors: Finkelstein Alexei V. , Garbuzynskiy Sergiy O. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe complete volume of the protein conformation space is, by many orders of magnitude, smaller at the level of secondary structure elements than that at the level of amino acid residues; the latter, according to Levinthal′s estimate, scales approximately as 102 L, with L being the number of residues in the chain, whereas the former, as demonstrated in this paper, scales no faster than ∼LN, with N being the number of the secondary structure elements, which is approximately equal to L/15. This drastic decrease in the exponent (L/15 instead of 2 L) explains why sampling of the conformation space does not contradict the ability of the protein chain to find its most stable fold.
Malignancy risk for the categories: Non‐diagnostic, benign, atypical, suspicious, and malignant used in the categorization of endobronchial ultrasound guided‐fine needle aspirates of pulmonary nodules
Authors: Layfield Lester J. , Dodd Leslie , Witt Ben 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundEndobronchial ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration (EBUS‐FNA) is frequently used for the workup of pulmonary nodules. While no universally accepted diagnostic classification exists, many cytopathologists use the categories: Non‐diagnostic, benign, atypical, suspicious and malignant. Sensitivity and specificity for the EBUS technique have been documented, but little information is available for malignancy risk associated with these categories.MethodsDepartments of Pathology records at the University of Utah and University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill were searched for EBUS‐FNAs of pulmonary nodules. Cases with surgical follow‐up were selected. Cytologic diagnosis and subsequent surgical diagnosis were correlated and malignancy risk calculated for each category. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated.Results155 EBUS‐FNAs with surgical follow‐up were obtained. Risks of malignancy were: Non‐diagnostic 40%, benign 24%, atypical 54%, suspicious for malignancy 82% and malignant 87%. Sensitivity and specificity were 81% and 84% respectively for surgically confirmed cytologic diagnoses when indeterminate categories were excluded.ConclusionThe diagnostic categories are associated with increasing risk of malignancy running from non‐diagnostic to malignant. The non‐diagnostic category has a significant risk of malignancy. While the risk of malignancy for a benign diagnosis is substantial (24%), it is significantly less than that associated with an atypical or suspicious diagnosis. A suspicious diagnosis carries a risk for malignancy essentially the same as a malignant diagnosis. The categories atypical and suspicious appear to have substantially different risks for malignancy (54% vs.82%). The atypical category has twice the risk of malignancy as benign. This risk stratification may be useful for patient management. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2015;43:892–896. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Medical outcomes for adults hospitalized with severe anorexia nervosa: An analysis by age group
Authors: Gaudiani Jennifer L. , Brinton John T. , Sabel Allison L. , Rylander Melanie , Catanach Brittany , Mehler Philip S. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTObjectiveRelatively little has been written about the outcomes of medical stabilization, analyzed specifically across the age spectrum, in adults with severe anorexia nervosa (AN).MethodWe retrospectively evaluated clinical parameters relevant to acuity of illness and outcomes of early refeeding in 142 adults with severe AN, admitted for definitive inpatient medical stabilization from October 1, 2008 to December 31, 2012. Patients were categorized into three age groups: 17 to 29, 30 to 40, and 41+ years.ResultsThe study included 142 patients with median age of 28 years old (range 17–65 years). Fifty‐four percent (n = 78) were under 30 years old, 23% (n = 32) between 30 and 40 years old, and 23% (n = 32) were over 40 years old. Average admission BMI did not differ among age groups, ranging from 12.7 to 13.2 kg/m2. Of the admission parameters, only low serum albumin levels (more prevalent in older patients), high international normalized ratio (INR) levels (more prevalent in younger patients), and neutropenia (more prevalent in the <30 age group) varied with age. During hospitalization, rates of bradycardia, hypoglycemia, liver dysfunction, very low %IBW, refeeding hypophosphatemia, refeeding edema, length of stay, and discharge BMI did not differ with age. Age group was associated with rate of weekly weight gain only in patients with AN‐binge purge subtype.DiscussionResults demonstrate medical abnormalities and response to medical stabilization in severely ill AN patients during hospitalization were mostly similar across the age span. This information should allay fears that the effect of age will make medical stabilization more difficult. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:378–385).
Belowground carbon responses to experimental warming regulated by soil moisture change in an alpine ecosystem of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau
Authors: Xue Xian , Peng Fei , You Quangang , Xu Manhou , Dong Siyang 
Published: September 2015

AbstractRecent studies found that the largest uncertainties in the response of the terrestrial carbon cycle to climate change might come from changes in soil moisture under the elevation of temperature. Warming‐induced change in soil moisture and its level of influence on terrestrial ecosystems are mostly determined by climate, soil, and vegetation type and their sensitivity to temperature and moisture. Here, we present the results from a warming experiment of an alpine ecosystem conducted in the permafrost region of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau using infrared heaters. Our results show that 3 years of warming treatments significantly elevated soil temperature at 0–100 cm depth, decreased soil moisture at 10 cm depth, and increased soil moisture at 40–100 cm depth. In contrast to the findings of previous research, experimental warming did not significantly affect NH4+‐N, NO3−‐N, and heterotrophic respiration, but stimulated the growth of plants and significantly increased root biomass at 30–50 cm depth. This led to increased soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, and liable carbon at 30–50 cm depth, and increased autotrophic respiration of plants. Analysis shows that experimental warming influenced deeper root production via redistributed soil moisture, which favors the accumulation of belowground carbon, but did not significantly affected the decomposition of soil organic carbon. Our findings suggest that future climate change studies need to take greater consideration of changes in the hydrological cycle and the local ecosystem characteristics. The results of our study will aid in understanding the response of terrestrial ecosystems to climate change and provide the regional case for global ecosystem models.
Synthesis and Physicochemical Properties of 3‐Fluorocyclobutylamines
Authors: Chernykh Anton V. , Radchenko Dmytro S. , Chernykh Alla V. , Kondratov Ivan S. , Tolmachova Nataliya A. , Datsenko Olexandr P. , Kurkunov Maxim A. , Zozulya Sergey X. , Kheylik Yuri P. , Bartels Katharina , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Haufe Günter 
Published: September 2015

AbstractHitherto unknown cis‐ and trans‐3‐alkyl‐ and 3‐aryl‐3‐fluorocycobutylamines have been synthesised selectively from 3‐oxocyclobutane carboxylic acid in six or seven steps. Comparison of their pKa and log D values with those of the fluorine‐free parent compounds showed acidification by about 0.8 units, irrespective of the stereochemistry. This indicates that there are no through‐space interactions between fluorine and the amino function – a conclusion that was supported by the results of X‐ray analysis. Fluorinated trans‐compounds were found to be more lipophilic (Δ log P ≈ 1) compared with the non‐fluorinated analogues, whereas the difference was marginal for cis isomers.
Powerful Bipodal Anion Transporters Based on Scaffolds That Contain Different Chalcogens
Authors: Lang Chao , Zhang Xin , Luo Quan , Dong Zeyuan , Xu Jiayun , Liu Junqiu 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA new family of bipodal anion transporters based on chalcogen‐containing scaffolds has been designed and synthesized. Though structurally related to the well‐studied tripodal anionophores, these molecules are simpler with only two anion‐binding sites. However, the activities remain high. Anion transport could be facilitated by the new transporter at an exceptionally low loading of transporter/lipid ratio of 1:500000. This impressive efficiency is comparable with the most active one from the tren‐based tripodal series. To investigate influences from different scaffolds and substituent groups, lipophilicity, anion‐binding property, and transport activity of each molecule were studied. It was found that the bridge atom has a major impact on transport activities mainly as a result of anion‐binding differences. The results also suggest that chalcogen can act as a key structural modulator to develop highly effective anion transporters and optimize their activities.
‘I don't think racism is that bad any more’: Exploring the ‘end of racism’ discourse among students in English schools
Authors: Andreouli Eleni , Greenland Katy , Howarth Caroline 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn this paper, we present findings on lay constructions of racism from a focus group study (11 groups, n = 72) with a mixed sample of secondary‐school students in England. We show that racism was, on the whole, ‘othered’: It was located in other times, places, and people or was denied altogether. We show that this way of talking about racism had different uses depending on the identity stakes involved in different interactional contexts. Even in the cases where racism was constructed as common, participants worked hard to make an ‘irrefutable’ argument, which suggests that they were anticipating reputational damage by making a claim for the persistence of racism. We discuss these findings with regard to the different levels of analysis involved in constructions of racism (micro‐interactional, local and broader normative context) and with regard to an ‘end of racism’ discourse that appeared to provide the normative framework for participants' accounts.
Growth model for raceway pond cultivation of Desmodesmus sp. MCC34 isolated from a local water body
Authors: Nagappan Senthil , Verma Sanjay Kumar 
Published: September 2015

Biofuel production by microalgae has the advantage of higher biomass productivity over land crops. The selection of potential microalgae depends on the growth in outdoor mass cultivation during different seasons, which can be predicted by a mathematical model. Here, freshwater green algae were isolated from a local water body in Pilani, Rajasthan, India (geographical coordinates: 28°22′N 75°36′E) and characterized by microscopy and ribosomal RNA analysis. The strain was submitted to the Indian Agricultural Research Institute's microbial culture collection (IARI, India) and identified as Desmodesmus sp. MCC34. This strain, along with a fresh water green algae (Chlorella minutissima), two marine green algae species (Dunaliella salina and Dunaliella tertiolecta) and two nitrogen fixing cyanobacteria (Nostoc muscorum and Anabaena doliolum), were screened for lipid productivity and growth kinetics under culture room and raceway pond conditions. Desmodesmus sp. MCC34 showed the highest specific growth rate (0.26 day−1), biomass production (1.9 g L−1) and lipid productivity (103 mg L−1 day−1). The optimal temperature and saturating light intensity for maximal growth of Desmodesmus sp. MCC34 were 35 °C and 75 μmol m−2 s−1 with molar extinction coefficient of 0.22 m2 g−1, respectively. Desmodesmus sp. MCC34 was then subjected to outdoor cultivation in a 20‐m long raceway pond for 18 days during March and November 2013. The areal biomass productivity and volumetric biomass productivity were 13946.23 kg ha−1 year−1 and 56.94 mg L− 1day−1 during the month of March, decreasing to 6262.28 kg ha−1 year−1 and 25.57 mg L− 1day−1 during the month of November. A mathematical model was constructed to explain the relationship between biomass production and growth parameters such as temperature, light intensity and nutrient concentration. The productivity values predicted with the proposed model correspond well with the experimental data, suggesting the validity of the model.
Influence of Fe2O3/CaO Catalysts on the Pyrolysis Products of Low‐Rank Coal
Authors: Cheng Xiaohan , He Xuanming , Chen Cheng , Yi Shuang 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe co‐pyrolysis characteristics of low‐rank coal were studied in the presence of Fe2O3/CaO catalyst in different proportions. The results show that the Fe2O3/CaO catalyst increases the yields of gas and char. For a ratio of 7 %, the yield of gas increased by 3 % and the gas reached the highest calorific value. As the ratio increased to 9 %, the yield of char increased by 3 %, and the activity of char improved because of the rough surface and uneven cracks of the char. The yield of tar decreased slightly, but straight‐chain alkanes and some high‐value‐added chemical compounds in the tar increased, achieving the enrichment of high‐value‐added products in pyrolysis tar. A synergistic reaction may exist between the Fe2O3 and CaO.
Dynamic Model Averaging and CPI Inflation Forecasts: A Comparison between the Euro Area and the United States
Authors: Di Filippo Gabriele 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe paper forecasts consumer price inflation in the euro area (EA) and in the USA between 1980:Q1 and 2012:Q4 based on a large set of predictors, with dynamic model averaging (DMA) and dynamic model selection (DMS). DMA/DMS allows not solely for coefficients to change over time, but also for changes in the entire forecasting model over time. DMA/DMS provides on average the best inflation forecasts with regard to alternative approaches (such as the random walk). DMS outperforms DMA. These results are robust for different sample periods and for various forecast horizons. The paper highlights common features between the USA and the EA. First, two groups of predictors forecast inflation: temporary fundamentals that have a frequent impact on inflation but only for short time periods; and persistent fundamentals whose switches are less frequent over time. Second, the importance of some variables (particularly international food commodity prices, house prices and oil prices) as predictors for consumer price index inflation increases when such variables experience large shocks. The paper also shows that significant differences prevail in the forecasting models between the USA and the EA. Such differences can be explained by the structure of these respective economies. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.