bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct versus indirect radiation action in irradiated vegetal embryos
Authors: Vochita Gabriela , Focea-Ghioc Ramona , Creanga Dorina 
Published: August 2014

AbstractMaize is one of model plants useful for genetic investigations and also very important for its agrotechnical utilizations. Here the genotoxic effects of low dose X-rays and accelerated electrons in maize caryopses was carried out with focus on the influence of water content at the moment of seed irradiation. X-ray photon beam as well as accelerated electrons were provided with 2.40 Gy min−1 dose rate. Pre-soaked and dry maize caryopses were irradiated with 0.5–3.0–6.0 Gy. Cytogenetic investigations were carried out based on microscope observations of chromosomes stained by Feulgen method. The mitotic index was found diminished in hydrated samples indicating the negative influence of indirect effects of water radicals. As known the water radiolysis release free radicals that attack biomolecules in addition to the directly absorbed radiation impact. Slight positive influence of 0.5 Gy radiation dose on cell division was evidenced. Chromosomal aberrations were identified like: vagrand chromosomes, C-metaphases, picnotic chromosomes, chromatide bridges. General tendency of aberrant mitoses enhancing was recorded in watered samples — with up to the twice increase for 6.0 Gy radiation dose. The results evidenced the hydration role in monitoring cytogenetic effects of low dose radiations in plant systems -with possible biotechnological applications.
Influence of ultrahigh frequency irradiation on Photobacterium phosphoreum luxb gene expression
Authors: Zelena Liubov , Gretsky Igor , Gromozova Elena 
Published: August 2014

AbstractContinuous increase in the number and the variety of anthropogenic sources of electromagnetic radiation causes a high interest in studying the effects ultrahigh frequency on living organisms. In the present research influence of UHF EMR (15 W, 2.45 GHz) for 5 and 15 min on morphological and genetic peculiarities of Photobacterium phosphoreum colonies was studied. It has been revealed that UHF EMR affected colony growth parameters, induced transcriptional activity of luciferase encoding gene expression and that the effect was depended on exposure duration. The subsequent cultivation of bacteria during a two week period after treatment showed maintaining of the increased luxb mRNA level in irradiated colonies. Opposite bacterial stress responses were detected to UHF EMR and elevated temperature treatments that assumed UHF EMR comprised of not only thermal but specific component of non-thermal nature.
Foleyellides rhinellae sp. nov. (Nematoda, Onchocercidae) a new filaria parasitizing Rhinella marina (Anura, Bufonidae) in Mexico
Authors: García-Prieto Luis , Ruiz-Torres Nallely , Osorio-Sarabia David , Merlo-Serna Aldo 
Published: August 2014

AbstractA new nematode species, Foleyellides rhinellae sp. nov. (Onchocercidae), is described from specimens found in the body cavity of the cane toad, Rhinella marina (Linnaeus) (Anura, Bufonidae), in the Laguna de Coyuca, Guerrero, in the Pacific slope of Mexico. The new species differs from the other nine species of Foleyellides by infecting bufonid anurans and by the number and arrangement of caudal papillae. Other distinguishing feature of the new species is the size of the left spicule (0.16–0.23 long), the smallest recorded among the species included in the genus. Foleyellides rhinellae sp. nov. is the second known species of the genus recorded from amphibians of Mexico.
Simple shelter-style environmental enrichment alters behavior in mice
Authors: Coke-Murphy Casey , Buendia Matthew , Saborido Tommy , Stanwood Gregg 
Published: August 2014

AbstractEnvironmental enrichment aims to improve the well-being of laboratory animals and provides an opportunity to improve experimental reliability and validity. Animals raised in more stimulating environments have improved learning and memory as well as more complex brain architecture. However, the effects of environmental enrichment on motor performance, anxiety and emotional development have been poorly studied. Moreover, most investigators studying the effects of enrichment provide extremely large and complex housing conditions to maximize the likelihood of finding effects. These situations are difficult to replicate across animal facilities and are not operationally practical. In this experiment, we investigated how simple, inexpensive disposable shelterstyle enrichment items alter behavior in C57Bl/6 and 129S6 mice. Breeding pairs were established in the presence of a Ketchum “Refuge”, Shepherd Shack “Dome”, or no enrichment. Offspring were assessed neurobehaviorally, either just after weaning (pre-adolescent, P22–P25), or as young adults (P60–P90). Major strain differences were observed in open field activity, elevated maze exploration, and Y-maze activity levels. The presence of the Refuge and/or Dome enrichment shelters significantly altered motor activity, coordination and some measures of anxiety. Mice housed in the presence of shelters were also less dominant than control mice in a tube test assay. Our experiments provide a detailed analysis of the effects of inexpensive and practical methods of housing enrichment on biobehavioral phenotypes in these two commonly used strains of laboratory mice, and suggest that the effects of these shelters on mouse neurobiology and behavior need to be rigorously analyzed before being adopted within vivariums.
Structural Analysis Examining the Mold Deformation Behavior for the Detection of the Flash in the Injection Mold
Authors: Choi J. H. , Pyo B. G. , Tae J. S. , Park H. P. , Rhee B. O. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Flash known as burr is defined as additional resin filling a gap between parted surfaces. It is caused by mold deformation from excessive cavity pressure. In our previous research, there had been attempts to detect the occurrence of the flash using the contact-pressure-sensor which was developed. Although the sensor showed a reliable response of mold deformation, the sensor alone could not tell us the exact occurrence of flash. In order to understand response of the sensor, a structural analysis in conjunction with a molding analysis was carried out. In the analysis, the platens of an injection molding machine were included in the model to accurately implement deformation of the mold. We found that the trend of strain predicted by the CAE analysis was similar to the measured one although the strain value was not comparable. We examined the stress at the parting edge and found that the most probable moment for the flash occurrence appeared when the z-axis stress was closed to zero value.
The Effect of Commonly Used Surgical Solutions on the Tensile Strength of Sutures
Authors: Rampat Radhika , Jain Saurabh 
Published: August 2014

Purpose:
To investigate the new practice of soaking sutures prior to use in strabismus surgery in an effort to avoid endophthalmitis.

Methods:
Specimens of 6-0 polyglactin suture were loaded in tension until failure occurred. Tests performed were without modification and after soaking in normal saline solution, 5% povidone-iodine solution, and 0.5% chloramphenicol solution for 30 minutes.

Results:
There was no significant difference between the four groups with regard to mean force or type of solution used.

Conclusions:
Soaking polyglactin sutures in various solutions used in strabismus surgery for 30 minutes had no effect on the tensile strength.

[J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2014;51(3):189–190.]
Combined Intracorneal Ring Segments and Iris-Fixated Phakic Intraocular Lens for Keratoconus Refractive and Visual Improvement
Authors: Ferreira Tiago Bravo , Güell José Luis , Manero Felicidad 
Published: August 2014

PURPOSE:
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of keratoconus refractive and visual improvement by combined intracorneal ring segments (ICRS; Intacs/Intacs SK, Addition Technology Inc., Des Moines, IL) and phakic intraocular lens (PIOL; Artisan/Artiflex Toric IOL, Ophtec BV, Groningen, Holland) implantation.

METHODS:
This study comprised patients who had ICRS implantation followed by PIOL implantation 6 or more months later for the correction of keratoconus. Over a 12-month follow-up after PIOL implantation, the main outcome measures were uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuity (UDVA and CDVA), spherical equivalent refraction, and central endothelial cell density. Efficacy and safety indexes were calculated.

RESULTS:

The study included 21 eyes of 16 patients. The mean UDVA 12 months after ICRS and PIOL implantation increased from 2.0 ± 0 to 0.25 ± 0.22 logMAR (Snellen 20/2000 to 20/35) (
P
< .001). The mean CDVA increased from 0.31 ± 0.13 to 0.13 ± 0.13 log-MAR (Snellen 20/40 to 20/25) (
P
= .039). Predictability of refractive results was good, with spherical equivalent refraction within ±0.50 diopter of the attempted correction in 13 eyes (61.9%) and within ±1.00 diopter in 19 eyes (90.5%). Mean central endothelial cell density decreased from 2,513 ± 245 cells/mm
2
preoperatively to 2,312 ± 263 cells/mm
2
(
P
= .402). The efficacy index was 1.06 and the safety index was 1.40.

CONCLUSIONS:
Keratoconus visual and refractive improvement by the sequential implantation of Intacs ICRS and Artisan/Artiflex Toric IOL is a safe and predictable procedure.

[
J Refract Surg.
2014;30(5):336–341.]
Lenticule Thickness Readout for Small Incision Lenticule Extraction Compared to Artemis Three-Dimensional Very High-Frequency Digital Ultrasound Stromal Measurements
Authors: Reinstein Dan Z. , Archer Timothy J. , Gobbe Marine 
Published: August 2014

PURPOSE:
To evaluate the accuracy of the lenticule thickness readout for small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) with the VisuMax femtosecond laser (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany).

METHODS:
Artemis very high-frequency digital ultrasound (ArcScan, Inc., Morrison, CO) measurements were obtained before and 3 months after SMILE in 70 eyes of 37 patients. The Artemis measured lenticule thickness was calculated as the maximum difference in stromal thickness before and after treatment. Comparative statistics and linear regression analysis were performed between the VisuMax readout lenticule thickness and Artemis measured maximum stromal change. Central epithelial thickness was measured and a similar analysis was performed using corneal thickness. Variability of the data were compared to ablation depths for a matched group of eyes from a previously published LASIK population treated with the MEL80 excimer laser (Carl Zeiss Meditec).

RESULTS:

The mean maximum myopic meridian treated was −7.81 ± 2.33 diopters (range: −2.25 to −12.50 diopters). On average, the VisuMax readout lenticule depth was 8.2 ± 8.0
μ
m thicker (range: −8 to +29
μ
m) than the Artemis measured stromal change (
P
< .001). On average, central epithelial thickness was 15.0 ± 5.2
μ
m thicker (range: 5 to 30
μ
m) after the procedure. The VisuMax readout lenticule thickness was 23.2 ± 10.9
μ
m thicker (range: +5 to +49
μ
m) than the Artemis measured corneal thickness change. The R
2
of 0.868 for the SMILE group was higher than 0.738 for the LASIK group (
P
= .015).

CONCLUSIONS:

The accuracy of SMILE lenticule thickness was found to be higher than actual measured stromal thickness change; however, predictability for SMILE lenticule thickness appeared higher than predictability for excimer laser ablation depth. The VisuMax readout lenticule depth was found to be 8
μ
m thicker than the achieved stromal change. This can be partly explained by alignment errors between preoperative and postoperative scans. However, this appears to show some biomechanical changes occur after SMILE.

[
J Refract Surg.
2014;30(5):304–309.]
Corneal Epithelial Remodeling Following Cataract Surgery: Three-Dimensional Investigation With Anterior-Segment Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Kanellopoulos Anastasios John , Asimellis George 
Published: August 2014

PURPOSE:
To map corneal and epithelial layer thickness changes following cataract removal surgery employing a spectral-domain anterior-segment optical coherence tomography system.

METHODS:
Corneal and epithelial thickness three-dimensional profile distribution was clinically imaged preoperatively and up to 3 months postoperatively with anterior-segment optical coherence tomography in 116 consecutive cases. Descriptive statistics investigated central corneal thickness, minimum corneal thickness, and epithelial thickness at the central 2-mm area, the mean over the 6-mm area, and mid-peripherally at 5-mm ring.

RESULTS:

In comparison to preoperative, the center, mean, and mid-peripheral epithelial thickness at the first postoperative day increased by +2.84, +2.35, and +2.25
μ
m, respectively (
P
< .001, < .001, and = .0014). One week postoperatively, the epithelial thickness differences were −1.91, −2.62, and −2.76
μ
m, respectively (
P
< .001, < .001, and < .001). Four weeks postoperatively, the differences of −0.20, −0.59, and −0.66
μ
m for the center, mean, and mid-periphery were not statistically significant (
P
= .6449, .1512, and .11097). Three months postoperatively, the differences were −0.05, −0.28, and −0.09
μ
m, respectively (
P
= .8722, .2341, and .6431).

CONCLUSIONS:
Qualitative and quantitative assessment of epithelial remodeling following cataract removal indicated that the early (1 day and 1 week) corneal and epithelial thickness returned to the preoperative baseline 4 weeks postoperatively. This in vivo epithelial and corneal screening with optical coherence tomography can be valuable for the postoperative assessment and follow-up.

[
J Refract Surg.
2014;30(5):348–353.]
Comparison of Corneal Deformation Parameters After SMILE, LASEK, and Femtosecond Laser-Assisted LASIK
Authors: Shen Yang , Chen Zhi , Knorz Michael C. , Li Meiyan , Zhao Jing , Zhou Xingtao 
Published: August 2014

PURPOSE:
To investigate the differences in corneal deformation parameters after femtosecond laser small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE), laser-assisted subepithelial keratomileusis (LASEK), and femtosecond laser-assisted LASIK (FS-LASIK).

METHODS:
In this retrospective study, 17 eyes of 17 patients after SMILE, 18 eyes of 18 patients after LASEK, and 17 eyes of 17 patients after FS-LASIK were included. Corneal deformation parameters were measured with the CorVis ST tonometer (Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany) 3 months postoperatively.

RESULTS:

The mean value of deformation amplitude of the FS-LASIK group was significantly higher than that of the LASEK group (
P
= .022). The mean value of applanation time (applanation 1) of the LASEK group was significantly higher than that of the FS-LASIK group (
P
= .038). No significant difference was detected in the mean values of deformation amplitude and applanation time (applanation 1) (
P
> .05) between the LASEK and SMILE groups or between the SMILE and FS-LASIK groups. Multiple linear regression model analysis revealed that after adjustment for age and preoperative central corneal thickness and manifest refraction spherical equivalent, the significance of the difference in the mean values of applanation time (applanation 1) and deformation amplitude between the LASEK and FS-LASIK groups were
P
= .084 and .059, respectively. In all three groups, the values of applanation 1 negatively correlated to those of applanation time (applanation 2) (SMILE: r = −0.577,
P
= .015; LASEK: r = −0.833,
P
< .001; FS-LASIK: r = −0.516,
P
= .034) and deformation amplitude (SMILE: r = −0. 556,
P
= .021; LASEK: r = −0.877,
P
< .001; FS-LASIK: r = −0.509,
P
= .037).

CONCLUSIONS:
Applanation time (applanation 1) and deformation amplitude (as measured with the CorVis ST tonometer) may be helpful in assessing corneal biomechanical changes after corneal refractive surgery. The relations between these parameters should be discussed in further studies.

[
J Refract Surg.
2014;30(5):310–318. ]
Add-On Sulcus-Based Versus Primary In-the-Bag Multifocal Intraocular Lens: Intraindividual Study
Authors: Muñoz Gonzalo , Albarrán-Diego César , Belda Lurdes , Rohrweck Stephanie 
Published: August 2014

PURPOSE:
To compare the clinical outcomes of add-on sulcus-based multifocal and standard in-the-bag multifocal intraocular lens (IOL) implantation.

METHODS:

Twenty-one patients with unilateral monofocal pseudophakia underwent add-on sulcus-based Acri. LISA 536D multifocal IOL (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany) implantation (add-on multifocal IOL group) and contralateral phacoemulsification with in-the-bag Acri.LISA 376D multifocal IOL (Carl Zeiss Meditec) implantation (primary multifocal IOL group). Uncorrected distance visual acuity, uncorrected near visual acuity, corrected distance visual acuity, distance-corrected near visual acuity, photopic (90 cd/m
2
) distance, near contrast sensitivity, mesopic (5 cd/m
2
) distance contrast sensitivity with and without glare, wavefront aberrations, and complications were measured 6 months postoperatively.

RESULTS:

Primary in-the-bag multifocal IOLs provided slightly but significantly better uncorrected distance visual acuity (0.08 ± 0.10 vs 0.17 ± 0.15 logMAR,
P
= .028), uncorrected near visual acuity (0.09 ± 0.17 vs 0.18 ± 0.11 logMAR,
P
= .005), and corrected distance visual acuity (0.01 ± 0.04 vs 0.04 ± 0.05 logMAR,
P
= .038). There were no significant differences in distance-corrected near visual acuity, photopic or mesopic contrast sensitivity under different conditions, and wavefront aberrations. Complications included pigment dispersion in one eye (4.8%) and pupillary capture in 2 eyes (9.5%) of the add-on multifocal IOL group.

CONCLUSIONS:
The secondary add-on sulcus-based multifocal IOL provided useful pseudoaccommodation with vision quality similar to the primary in-the-bag multifocal IOL. The technique should be considered in patients diagnosed as having unilateral or bilateral monofocal pseudophakia seeking near spectacle independence.

[
J Refract Surg.
2014;30(5):320–325.]
Application of a GPR technique for the monitoring of simulated underground coal gasification in a large‐scale model
Authors: Kotyrba A. , Stańczyk K. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTUnderground Coal Gasification (UCG) involves the recovery of energy from a coal deposit via the use of controlled combustion. A reactor equipped with apparatus enabling the analysis of temperature profiles and gas composition was constructed for the simulation of underground conditions, both with respect to the coal seam and the surrounding stratum characteristics. A three day experiment was performed in which large blocks of lignite were gasified, with an average gasification rate of 5 kg/h. The ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) reflection method was used to monitor the process and observe physical and structural changes taking place within the gasification zone; radar images of the different stages of the process were then recorded and analysed. The experiment demonstrated the potential for successful application of radar techniques in the observation and monitoring of the coal gasification process in a natural environment. Whereas the gasification of coal in shallow seams could be monitored by surface measurements, that of deep seams in operating coal mines or coal deposits could be monitored by measurements made from galleries or boreholes.
Estimation of the near surface soil water content during evaporation using air‐launched ground‐penetrating radar
Authors: Moghadas Davood , Jadoon Khan Zaib , Vanderborght Jan , Lambot Sébastien , Vereecken Harry 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTEvaporation is an important process in the global water cycle and its variation affects the near surface soil water content, which is crucial for surface hydrology and climate modelling. Soil evaporation rate is often characterized by two distinct phases, namely, the energy limited phase (stage‐I) and the soil hydraulic limited period (stage‐II). In this paper, a laboratory experiment was conducted using a sand box filled with fine sand, which was subject to evaporation for a period of twenty three days. The setup was equipped with a weighting system to record automatically the weight of the sand box with a constant time‐step. Furthermore, time‐lapse air‐launched ground penetrating radar (GPR) measurements were performed to monitor the evaporation process. The GPR model involves a full‐waveform frequency‐domain solution of Maxwell’s equations for wave propagation in three‐dimensional multilayered media. The accuracy of the full‐waveform GPR forward modelling with respect to three different petrophysical models was investigated. Moreover, full‐waveform inversion of the GPR data was used to estimate the quantitative information, such as near surface soil water content. The two stages of evaporation can be clearly observed in the radargram, which indicates qualitatively that enough information is contained in the GPR data. The full‐waveform GPR inversion allows for accurate estimation of the near surface soil water content during extended evaporation phases, when a wide frequency range of GPR (0.8–5.0 GHz) is taken into account. In addition, the results indicate that the CRIM model may constitute a relevant alternative in solving the frequency‐dependency issue for full waveform GPR modelling.
Parameter estimation from non‐hyperbolic reflection traveltimes for large aperture common midpoint gathers
Authors: Perroud Hervé , Krummenauer Rafael , Tygel Martin , Lopes Renato R. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTAs far as superficial seismic reflection events are concerned, the classical normal moveout (NMO) process, which leads to the construction of seismic zero‐offset (or stacked) sections, encounters several difficulties due to the large data aperture. One of these difficulties is that the hyperbolic approximation of the reflection traveltime in common midpoint (CMP) gathers is no longer valid when offset largely exceeds the target depth. Recently, Fomel and Kazinnik proposed a novel, multi‐parameter, non‐hyperbolic formula for the traveltime of such reflection events. This formula, which will be referred to here as the FK traveltime after the authors, is exact for reflectors whose shape can be described by a hyperbola, and shows promising accuracy for long offsets and/or curved reflectors. It also depends on the same set of parameters as the common reflection surface (CRS) traveltime. In this paper, we propose strategies for estimating these CRS parameters based on the FK traveltime using large aperture data. However, in contrast to traditional CRS processing, and due to their widespread use, only common midpoint (CMP) gathers will be considered for the parameter searches. We will begin with a sensitivity analysis, showing the impact of each parameter on the traveltime. Based on this analysis, we will propose a two‐step estimation strategy, that could lead to improved seismic images, especially for very shallow, high aperture events. We will then highlight, through synthetic examples and discussions, the strengths and limitations of this strategy.