bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Teledentistry utilization by oral health professionals and policy considerations: A mixed methods case study
Authors: Schroeder Kelly , Santoro Morgan , Tranby Eric P. , Heaton Lisa , Ludwig Sharity , Martin Paige , Raskin Sarah E. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo examine variations in the delivery of teledentistry after the COVID‐19 pandemic and to explore oral health professionals' utilization of various teledentistry modes of delivery.MethodsIn this mixed methods case study, we collected teledentistry claims data from patient electronic health records (n = 78,756) encompassing various types of teledentistry utilization in clinical settings and through community outreach from a Dental Support Organization (DSO) in Oregon from January 2021 to November 2022. We analyzed the patient demographic and claims data using descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses to identify patterns of teledentistry service delivery. Qualitatively, we conducted virtual interviews (n = 13) through Microsoft Teams with oral health professionals about their experiences with teledentistry utilization. We used inductive and deductive coding to code individual transcripts and identify common themes among provider experiences.ResultsOut of the 78,756 electronic health record claims for teledentistry, 75.7% used synchronous audio, 13.4% used synchronous video, and 10.9% used asynchronous teledentistry methods. We observed a 8.6% increase in synchronous audio teledentistry utilization at the end of the study period, compared with a 4.2% increase in synchronous video and a 4.4% decrease in asynchronous teledentistry. Oral health professionals interviewed reported choosing the type of teledentistry delivery based on patient and provider access to the virtual teledentistry platform.ConclusionOral health professionals' knowledge of and experiences with teledentistry need to be considered when developing policy and best practices for the use of teledentistry for patient care.
Young bilingual students' use of metacognitive strategies to overcome comprehension difficulties when reading in the foreign language
Authors: Leonet Oihana , Arocena Elizabet , Saragueta Eider 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the use of metacognitive strategies by young emergent multilingual students in a translanguaging pedagogy scenario. From a multilingual perspective, we understand metacognition as a broader concept that refers to the learning or thinking processes that encapsulate metalinguistic and crosslinguistic awareness. We focus on the performance phase of the reading process where students deploy strategies and monitor the progress and quality of the activity. The participants were 48 bilingual fifth graders in a multilingual school in the Basque Autonomous Community in the north of Spain; 39.5% of the students had Basque as their first language, while 60.5% had Spanish, similar to the sociolinguistic context of the school, and all were learning English as a foreign language. Data for this study were collected in the English class while the students were set in pairs to complete a reading comprehension task. Their performance was audio‐recorded, and language‐related episodes were analysed to explore the strategic behaviour of the students. This analysis identified episodes where students talked about either their language production or language use. The findings show that although pedagogical translanguaging focuses mainly on raising crosslinguistic awareness, it can also develop a broader metalinguistic awareness and facilitate metacognitive reflection. The study highlights the link between enhancing metalinguistic awareness and the development of multilingual students' metacognitive knowledge for effective self‐regulated strategic behaviour when reading in a foreign language.
Information and entropy in the labor market: Frictional and involuntary unemployment and the neutrality of money
Authors: Scharfenaker Ellis , Foley Duncan K. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe re‐examine the concept of involuntary and frictional unemployment and the neutrality of money in a statistical equilibrium model of the labor market in which boundedly rational workers' and employers' interactions have a non‐zero impact on wages. From this perspective both the degree of involuntary unemployment and the neutrality of money depend on the adjustment of both expectations of the average level of wages and prices and the further adjustment of anticipations of the scale of fluctuations in prices and wage offers. Shocks to the economy can produce new long‐run equilibrium levels of unemployment and short‐run increases in involuntary unemployment arising from unevenness in the adjustment of expectations.
Insights into a functional synthetic plant genome
Authors: Du Fei , Dai Junbiao , Jiao Yuling 
Published: August 2024

SummarySynthetic genomics involves the design, assembly, and transfer of artificially synthesized DNA fragments into target hosts to replace the native genome and construct viable forms of life. With advances in DNA synthesis and assembly techniques, the application of synthetic genomics in viruses, bacteria, and yeast has improved our knowledge of genome organization and function. Multicellular eukaryotic organisms are characterized by larger genomes, more complex epigenetic regulation, and widespread transposable elements, making genome synthesis challenging. Recently, the first synthetic multicellular eukaryotic organism was generated in the model plant Physcomitrium patens with a partially synthetic chromosome arm. Here, we introduce the design and assembly principles of moss genome synthesis. We also discuss the remaining technical barriers in the application of synthetic genomics in seed plants.
Decision‐making regarding subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator as primary prevention in patients with low ejection fraction
Authors: Ngan Ho‐Ting , Li Ka‐Ying , Wong Shing‐Lung , Tse Hung‐Fat 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundConventional transvenous implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (TV‐ICD) is the standard device used for primary prevention of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Nonetheless its use is associated with lead‐related complications including infection and malfunction. A subcutaneous implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (S‐ICD) offers an alternative option without the need for a transvenous lead but has limitations. The decision to implant a TV‐ICD or S‐ICD in patients with impaired LVEF for primary prevention of SCD is controversial. Several randomised controlled trials and large observational studies have confirmed similar safety and efficacy of S‐ICDs and TV‐ICDs in such population.MethodsA literature review was conducted to compare the outcomes of subcutaneous (S‐ICD) versus transvenous (TV‐ICD) implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators. Databases including PubMed, MEDLINE, and Cochrane were searched for relevant peer‐reviewed articles. Studies were selected based on relevance and quality. Key outcomes like complication rates, efficacy, and patient survival were summarized in a comparative table.ResultsDifferent factors that influence the choice between an TV‐ICD and S‐ICD for primary prevention of SCD in patients with LVEF are highlighted to guide selection of the appropriate device in different patient populations. Moreover, future perspective on the combination of SICD with leadless pacemaker, and the latest development of the extravascular implantable cardioverter defibrillator are also discussed.ConclusionsS‐ICD offers a safe and efficacious option to primary prevention in reduced ejection fraction. Future development including incorporation of leadless pacemaker will add to the arsenal of choice to protect patients from sudden cardiac death.
Unique root hydraulic and mechanical properties support the resilience of grapevines adapted to the Atacama Desert
Authors: Barrientos‐Sanhueza Cesar , Zurita‐Silva Andrés , Knipfer Thorsten , McElrone Andrew J. , Cuneo Italo F. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCortical lacunae caused by drought, especially observed in hybrids originating from Vitis rupestris, disrupt the connection between roots and soil. Yet, the physiological processes behind lacuna formation during drought and its consistency across Vitis species remain unclear. Here, we used a root pressure probe to investigate fine root hydraulic and mechanical properties, in the arid‐adapted R‐65 and drought‐susceptible 101‐14Mgt cultivars. We then performed P–V curves, root sap osmolality, and electrolyte leakage (EL) and used fluorescent light microscopy techniques. Only 101‐14Mgt showed lacunae formation during drought due to its stiffer cortical tissue, unlike R‐65. Lacunae resulted in a notable decline in root hydraulic conductivity during severe drought, with increased EL and root sap osmolality, indicating potential cellular damage. R‐65 displayed different and xerophyte‐like characteristics featuring a higher turgor loss point and decreased root capacitance, essential for maintaining root structural integrity in arid conditions. Our findings highlight lacuna formation is impacted by root tissue elasticity possibly linked to specific Vitis species favoring deeper rooting. In arid‐adapted grapevines, hydraulic regulators such as reduced turgor loss point, and root capacitance could contribute to enhanced drought tolerance.
Epidemiology of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease categorized by age subgroups in Korea
Authors: Kim Yeong Eun , Kim Seo‐Hee , Kim Seong Pyo , Park Yujin , Kim Su Hwan , Lee Sung Hee , Choi Ho Jung , Jeong In Sook , Oh Seak Hee , Yoon Hyung‐Jin , Kim Kyung Mo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundPediatric inflammatory bowel disease (PIBD) affects different age groups and its incidence is increasing worldwide. However, there is a lack of research focusing on age subgroups in Asian countries. In this nationwide population‐based study, we investigated the epidemiology of PIBD among different age subgroups in Korea.MethodsWe analyzed Korean health administration data from 2005 to 2016. Data were divided by age at diagnosis as follows: group 1, 0–1 years; group 2, 2–5 years; group 3, 6–9 years; group 4, 10–16 years. We analyzed the overall incidence, temporal changes, and regional differences by age subgroups, using Poisson regression analysis.ResultsFrom 2005 to 2016, 2734 inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) cases were diagnosed among patients under 17 years of age. In the overall population, the incidence rate of PIBD over the entire study period was 2.248/105 person‐years (PY), significantly increasing from 1.173/105 PY in 2005–2007 to 3.267/105 PY in 2014–2016. The incidence rates in groups 1 and 2 remained unchanged, whereas those of groups 3 and 4 increased significantly. The same trend was observed when analyzed separately for Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). The incidence rates of CD in groups 3 and 4 showed differences between metropolitan and non‐metropolitan areas, whereas those in groups 1 and 2, and UC of all age subgroups showed no difference.ConclusionsThe temporal trend and regional differences of PIBD differed among age subgroups, suggesting that genetic and environmental factors have varying impacts on IBD development across different subgroups.
Transcriptional signatures of cortical structural changes in chronic insomnia disorder
Authors: Yu Liyong , Hu Daijie , Luo Yucai , Lin Wenting , Xu Hao , Xiao Xiangwen , Xia Zihao , Dou Zeyang , Zhao Guangli , Yang Lu , Peng Dezhong , Zhang Qi , Yu Siyi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractChronic insomnia disorder (CID) is a multidimensional disease that may influence various levels of brain organization, spanning the macroscopic structural connectome to microscopic gene expression. However, the connection between genomic variations and morphological alterations in CID remains unclear. Here, we investigated brain structural changes in CID patients at the whole‐brain level and whether these link to transcriptional characteristics. Brain structural data from 104 CID patients and 102 matched healthy controls (HC) were acquired to examine cortical structural alterations using morphometric similarity (MS) analysis. Partial least squares (PLS) regression and transcriptome data from the Allen Human Brain Atlas were used to extract genomes related to MS changes. Gene‐category enrichment analysis (GCEA) was used to identify potential molecular mechanisms behind the observed structural changes. We found that CID patients exhibited MS reductions in the parietal and limbic regions, along with enhancements in the temporal and frontal regions compared to HCs (pFDR < .05). Subsequently, PLS and GCEA revealed that these MS alterations were spatially correlated with a set of genes, especially those significantly correlated with excitatory and inhibitory neurons and chronic neuroinflammation. This neuroimaging‐transcriptomic study bridges the gap between cortical structural changes and the molecular mechanisms in CID patients, providing novel insight into the pathophysiology of insomnia and targeted treatments.
Radiological abnormalities of the cervicothoracic vertebrae in Warmblood horses with primary neck‐related clinical signs versus controls
Authors: Dyson Sue , Quiney Laura , Phillips Kathryn , Zheng Shichen , Aleman Monica 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRadiological observations at the cervicothoracic junction in horses with or without related clinical signs have not been comprehensively described. The aim was to evaluate the seventh cervical (C7) to second thoracic (T2) vertebrae in horses with neck‐related clinical signs (neck pain and/or stiffness, neck‐related forelimb lameness, or general proprioceptive [spinal] ataxia) and control horses. This prospective analytical cross‐sectional study included 127 control horses and 96 cases, examined using standardized clinical and radiological protocols. Univariable logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to identify factors associated with radiological abnormalities. Severe modeling of the articular processes at C7–T1 was more likely in cases compared with controls, OR, 4.25; CI, 1.04–17.36; P = .04. Cases were more likely to have spondylolisthesis at C7–T1 than controls, OR, 3.61; CI, 1.75–7.44; P < .001. There was a lack of uniformity of disc space width at C6–C7, despite normal alignment of the vertebrae, in five (5.2%) cases and no control horses. Discospondylosis was seen in 9 (9.4%) horses at C7–T1 and 10 of 64 (15.6%) at T1–T2. The sagittal ratio for T1 was smaller for horses with neck‐related forelimb lameness (P < .0002), neck pain/ stiffness (P = .04), or neurological cases (P < .001) than controls. The prevalence of radiological abnormalities at C7–T1 and T1–T2 highlights the importance of careful evaluation of the cervicothoracic junction in horses with neck‐related signs.
The effects of alfaxalone on cardiac and pulmonary vascular size in cats evaluated by thoracic radiography and echocardiography
Authors: Schettler Michael , Holland Merrilee , Hofmeister Erik , Winter Randolph 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAlfaxalone is a neuroactive steroid that modulates the GABAA receptor, which has shown recent widespread use as a sedative and anesthetic agent in cats, especially in patients being screened for cardiovascular disease. This prospective, partially blinded, randomized experimental study aimed to determine if sedation with alfaxalone would alter the appearance of the cardiac silhouette or pulmonary vasculature on thoracic radiographs or echocardiographic indices of cardiac or pulmonary vascular size. Eleven apparently healthy adult cats were recruited from a research colony. Four‐view thoracic radiographs and an echocardiogram were performed at baseline and following a 5 mg/kg intramuscular dose of alfaxalone. Vertebral heart score (VHS) and cranial and caudal lobar pulmonary vascular measurements were obtained at both time points by two independent blinded observers, and these were analyzed using two‐way ANOVA. The nonblinded echocardiographer obtained echocardiographic measurements at both time points, which were analyzed using a paired t‐test or Wilcoxon signed rank test. No significant differences were identified in VHS measurements or echocardiographic parameters between baseline and sedated cats. In healthy cats, alfaxalone does not appear to significantly affect the cardiovascular structures evaluated via thoracic radiography or echocardiography.
Clinical presentation and magnetic resonance imaging findings of a spinal cord ganglioglioma in a 7.5‐year‐old, male, neutered German shepherd dog
Authors: Swan Emily K. , Brooksby Richard T. , Jones Robert , Horkayne‐Szakaly Iren , Koehler Jey , LaDouceur Elise E. B. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA dog presented with a 1‐month history of left‐sided hemiparesis. MRI showed a focal, 4‐cm‐long, symmetrical, ovoid, poorly demarcated intramedullary expansion at C6–C7 that was T2‐weighted hyperintense, T1‐weighted isointense, and noncontrast enhancing. After clinical progression and euthanasia, pathology revealed a neoplasm composed of astrocytes and dysmorphic neurons, consistent with a ganglioglioma. The diagnosis was confirmed with immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy, which demonstrated electron‐dense granules in the perikaryon. Gangliogliomas are rare, benign neoplasms that may present as intramedullary spinal cord neoplasia. This is the first report on the clinical presentation, imaging, and pathology of a canine spinal ganglioglioma.
Unveiling the Transmission Potential of Opisthorchis viverrini and Intestinal Helminths Along the Thailand‐Laos Border in Thailand
Authors: Thitapakorn Veerachai , Phanaksri Teva , Yusuk Siraphatsorn , Pholhelm Montinee , Pitaksakulrat Opal , Kulsantiwong Jutharat , Sathavornmanee Thanakrit , Kunjantarachot Anthicha , Rojthongpond Thittinan , Chitkoolsamphan Yanwadee , Prasopdee Sattrachai 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTAimsIn pursuit of enhancing prevention efforts for the notably high endemic Opisthorchis viverrini infection in lower Mekong sub‐region countries, particularly Thailand and Laos, this cross‐sectional study investigated the transmission potential of O. viverrini and other intestinal helminths along the Thailand‐Laos border in seven Thai villages.Methods and ResultsHuman and pet faecal samples, Bithynia snails and cyprinid fish were analysed for helminth infections. Additionally, a questionnaire survey assessed relevant risk factors among the human population. Two groups of helminth infections were detected in humans: foodborne infections (FBIs) including O. viverrini, minute intestinal flukes (MIFs), and Taenia spp., and soil‐transmitted infections (STIs) including hookworm and Strongyloides stercoralis, with prevalence rates of 7.4%, 0.5%, 2.5%, 0.5%, 2.5% and 3%, respectively. Smoking was identified as a risk factor for O. viverrini infection [adjusted odds ratios (ORa) = 3.12, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.33–7.30, p = 0.009] and FBIs (ORa = 2.47, 95% CI: 1.14–5.33, p = 0.022), while male was a risk factor for FBIs (ORa = 2.62, 95% CI: 1.16–5.94, p = 0.021). In dogs, hookworm, Toxocara spp., Spirometra mansoni, Trichuris vulpis and Hymenolepis diminuta were identified with prevalence rates of 35.6%, 8.1%, 8.1%, 1.2% and 1.2%, respectively. In cats, hookworm, Toxocara spp., S. mansoni, Strongyloides spp., Platynosomum fastosum, MIFs and H. diminuta were identified with prevalence rates of 50%, 17.9%, 10.7%, 7.1%, 3.6%, 3.6% and 3.6%, respectively. Bithynia snails showed 2% virgulate and 0.7% unknown cercariae infections, while among 19 cyprinid fish species, only unknown metacercariae were found.ConclusionsOur findings underscore the necessity of an integrated approach following the One Health concept to effectively combat these parasitic diseases while addressing human, animal and environmental health.
Alpha band oscillations in common synaptic input are explanatory of the complexity of isometric knee extensor muscle torque signals
Authors: Fennell Christopher R. J. , Mauger Alexis R. , Hopker James G. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe investigated whether the strength of oscillations in common synaptic input was explanatory of knee extensor (KE) torque signal complexity during fresh and fatigued submaximal isometric contractions, in adults aged from 18 to 90 years. The discharge times of motor units were derived from the vastus lateralis muscle of 60 participants using high‐density surface EMG, during 20 s isometric KE contractions at 20% of maximal voluntary contraction, performed before and after a fatiguing repeated isometric KE contraction protocol at 60% of maximal voluntary contraction. Within‐muscle coherence Z‐scores were estimated using frequency‐domain coherence analysis, and muscle torque complexity was assessed using multiscale entropy analysis and detrended fluctuation analysis. Alpha band (5–15 Hz) coherence was found to predict 23.1% and 31.4% of the variance in the complexity index under 28‐scales (CI‐28) and detrended fluctuation analysis α complexity metrics, respectively, during the fresh contractions. Delta, alpha and low beta band coherence were significantly increased due to fatigue. Fatigue‐related changes in alpha coherence were significantly predictive of the fatigue‐related changes in CI‐28 and detrended fluctuation analysis α. The fatigue‐related increase in sample entropy from scales 11 to 28 of the multiscale entropy analysis curves was significantly predicted by the increase in the alpha band coherence. Age was not a contributory factor to the fatigue‐related changes in within‐muscle coherence and torque signal complexity. These findings indicate that the strength of alpha band oscillations in common synaptic input can explain, in part, isometric KE torque signal complexity and the fatigue‐related changes in torque signal complexity.
Enhancing the Experimental Performance of Axially Rotating Wickless Heat Pipe Using Annular- and Longitudinally Finned Condensers
Authors: Yassin M. A. , Abd El-Hameed H. M. , Shedid M. H. , Abou-Ziyan H. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This paper investigates the impact of longitudinal- and annular-finned condensers on the steady-state thermal performance of a horizontally rotating wickless heat pipe. The parameters investigated include two fin types (longitudinal and annular) for different numbers of longitudinal (6, 12, and 18) and annular fins (15, 30, and 45) at a constant rotating speed of 1500 rpm and heat fluxes from 2090 to 16,700 W/m2. A heat pipe was designed, constructed, and commissioned with seven condenser sections. The heat pipe is charged with water as a working fluid, filling 35% of the internal pipe volume. The results indicated that fins significantly enhance the performance of the rotating heat pipe. The longitudinally finned condenser with 18 fins achieved the highest performance among the condenser configurations. Specifically, at a heat flux of 2090 W/m2, the temperature difference between the condenser and evaporator decreased by 71.2% compared to the plain condenser. Additionally, the effective thermal conductivity of the heat pipe exhibits a remarkable enhancement of 3.47 times over the plain heat pipe at the same heat flux. This enhancement highlights a substantial effect of the longitudinally finned condenser on the axially rotating heat pipe performance.