bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Establishment of Autoantibody‐Producing Cell Lines from Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Hirano Toshio , Teraoka Osamu , Teranishi Tsuyoshi , Tsityuguchi Izuo , Tohda Hiroko , Oikawa Atsushi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAutoantibody‐producing B cell lines were established from peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Peripheral blood lymphocytes obtained from five of seven patients were successfully transformed by Epstein‐Barr virus. Two of four established B lymphoblastoid cell lines examined in this study produced anti‐nuclear factor antibodies and one of them produced anti‐single‐stranded DNA and anti‐double‐stranded DNA antibodies. These results indicate that B cell clones committed to self antigens are transformed by Epstein‐Barr virus and continue to produce autoantibodies. In order to establish a monoclonal autoantibody‐producing B cell line, the cells were cloned by a limiting dilution method. The data suggest that it is possible to establish a monoclonal autoantibody‐producing B cell line by the combination of transformation of B cells by Epstein‐Barr virus and extensive cloning.
Amino Acid Requirements for the Growth of Aedes albopictus Clone C6/36 Cells and for the Production of Dengue and Chikungunya Viruses in the Infected Cells
Authors: Sasao Fuyoko , Igarashi Akira , Fukai Konosuke 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAmino acid requirements for the growth of Aedes albopictus, clone C6/36, cells and for the production of dengue (DEN) and Chikungunya (CHIK) viruses were examined by growing the cells or the viruses in media which were deprived of one of the 20 amino acids. Cell growth was markedly inhibited when cystine was omitted from the medium, and to a lesser extent by arginine deprivation. On the other hand, omission of alanine, asparagine, aspartic acid, and glutamic acid at the same time did not affect cell growth. Marked accumulation of alanine was observed in the medium when the cells were grown for 8 days in complete medium, with concomitant depletion of aspartic acid and glutamic acid. The production of CHIK virus was inhibited markedly by omission of cystine from the medium after virus infection, while the production of DEN viruses was more affected by glycine deprivation, although cystine deprivation also inhibited virus production to a lesser extent. On the other hand, production of CHIK and DEN viruses was not affected when alanine, asparagine, aspartic acid, and glutamic acid were omitted from the medium at the same time.
Microbial Adjuvant and Autoimmunity
Authors: Yamaki Kenichi , Ohta Michio , Nakashima Izumi , Noda Aiji , Asai Junpei , Kato Nobuo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractDefinite lesions in the exocrine pancreas were produced when SMA mice were immunized eight times at intervals of 30 days with a mixture of extract of pooled pancreas from syngeneic mice and the capsular polysaccharide of Klebsiella pneumoniae type 1 Kasuya strain (CPS‐K), whereas no pancreatic lesions were produced in mice given CPS‐K alone or pancreatic extract alone. The typical histological changes were characterized by infiltration with lymphocytes, plasma cells, and other mononuclear cells, degeneration and lysis of the acinar cells, destruction of the lobular architecture, and replacement by fatty tissue and fibrous connective tissue. The endocrine islets were well preserved. No specific histological changes were produced in the organs other than the pancreas in these mice. Most of mice immunized with pancreatic extract mixed with CPS‐K produced serum precipitins to syngeneic pancreatic antigens. However, severe pancreatic lesions were also produced in mice showing no definite precipitin production.
Deconjugation of Bile Salts by Bacteroides and Clostridium
Authors: Masuda Noriyuki 
Published: November 2013

AbstractDeconjugation of bile salts by four strains of Bacteroides and four strains of Clostridium was studied by use of resting cells and cell‐free culture supernatants. Bacteroides strains yielded active cells but showed relatively low bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity in the culture supernatants while the reverse was the case for the spore‐forming clostridial strains.BSH was formed constitutively and was oxygen insensitive. The optimum pH was between 4.5 and 5.0. Marked substrate specificity was found in two strains, one Clostridium and one Bacteroides, which showed restricted activity against taurine conjugates. Bacteroides in general attacked the taurine conjugates of di‐hydroxy bile acids more readily than the trihydroxy taurine conjugates.Deconjugated bile acid moieties were further modified by some resting cells, depending on the bacterial strain while no enzymatic activity other than that of BSH was found in the culture supernatants. Cells of B. fragilis 2536 performed 7α‐dehydrogenation when the pH of the medium allowed the reaction, and this oxidative process was markedly enhanced in the presence of an abundant supply of oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor. C. perfringens PB 6K produced the 3‐keto product in addition to the 3β‐hydroxy derivative of the liberated bile acids and the formation of the latter derivative seemed to take place without preliminary deconjugation.
A Comparative Study of the Sugar Composition of O‐antigenic Lipopolysaccharides Isolated from Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Authors: Hisatsune Kazuhito , Kiuye Akira , Kondo Seiichi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA comparative study of the sugar composition of O‐antigenic lipopolysaccharides (LPS) isolated from Vibrio alginolyticus and those from V. parahaemolyticus was carried out. 3‐Deoxy‐d‐mannooctulosonic acid, 2‐keto‐3‐deoxy octonate (KDO), a regular sugar constituent of gram‐negative bacterial LPS, was totally absent from LPS of all V. alginolyticus strains examined as it was from those of V. parahaemolyticus. Furthermore, a KDO‐like thiobarbituric acid test‐positive substance, identical with that of either V. parahaemolyticus 07 or 012, was also found in LPS from three strains, 505–78, 905–78, and 1013–79 (designated tentatively as group I), out of the five strains of V. alginolyticus tested. LPS from the members of group I contained, as component sugars, glucose, galactose, l‐glycero‐d‐manno‐heptose, glucosamine, galactosamine, the KDO‐like substance, and an unidentified amino sugar P1. Thus, LPS of the members of group I possessed a similar sugar composition which is similar to that of LPS from either V. parahaemolyticus 07 or 012. LPS of strain 1027–79, one of the other two strains (designated tentatively as gorup II), contained as component sugars, glucose, l‐glycero‐d‐mannoheptose, glucosamine, galactosamine, and the other unidentified amino sugar P2, while LPS of strain 53–79, the other member of group II, contained galactose as an additional component. The results indicate that LPS of strain 1027–79 has a sugar composition similar to that of V. parahaemolyticus 09 LPS.
Lipid Peroxide Formation and Membrane Damage in Endotoxin‐Poisoned Mice
Authors: Sakaguchi Shuhei , Kanda Norio , Hsu Cheng‐Chin , Sakaguchi Osamu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractLipid peroxide formation and plasma membrane damage in mouse liver following the administration of Salmonella endotoxin were examined. The liver lipoperoxide level was markedly elevated in animals given endotoxin compared with that in the controls, and returned to its normal range after 2 days. On the other hand, superoxide dismutase activity was decreased by 18–48 hr after endotoxin injection, thereafter tending to increase. Glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase activities declined in the liver 18 hr after the injection. The endotoxin resulted in much lower lipoperoxide formation in the livers of tolerant mice than in those of the poisoned mice. The lipoperoxide level in endotoxin‐poisoned mice after the administration of α‐tocopherol was lower than that in the controls, and α‐tocopherol administration prevented completely the membrane protein damage that arose from endotoxin challenge. After glutathione administration the membranes of the poisoned mice also returned to almost the normal disk electrophoretic profile. These results suggest that lipid peroxide formation in the liver plasma membrane caused by free radicals might occur in a tissue ischemic state in endotoxicosis.
Isolation of Clostridium difficile from the Feces and the Antibody in Sera of Young and Elderly Adults
Authors: Nakamura Shinichi , Mikawa Masato , Nakashio Satoshi , Takabatake Manabu , Okado Imiko , Yamakawa Kiyotaka , Serikawa Toshihiko , Okumura Seiichi , Nishida Shoki 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAttempts were made to isolate Clostridium difficile from a total of 431 fecal specimens from 149 young and 213 elderly healthy adults, and 69 elderly adults with cerebrovascular disease but no gastrointestinal disease. C. difficile was isolated from 49 specimens, and the frequency of isolation was 15.4% in healthy young adults, 7.0% in healthy elderly adults, and 15.9% in elderly adults with cerebrovascular disease. Thirty‐four (about 70%) of the 49 C. difficile strains isolated produced cytotoxin which was neutralized by Clostridium sordellii antitoxin in vitro; in both young and elderly adults approximately 30% of the C. difficile isolates were nontoxigenic. The mean concentration of C. difficile in feces was 104.1/g in young adults and 104.6/g in elderly adults, with a range of 102.0 to 106.9/g. Antibody against C. difficile toxin was found in most of the sera obtained from young adults carrying toxigenic C. difficile, but not in sera of elderly adults, no matter how abundant was toxigenic C. difficile in the feces.
Pharmacological Effect of Beta Toxin of Clostridium perfringens Type C on Rats
Authors: Sakurai Jun , Fujii Yoshio , Matsuura Miho , Endo Koichi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe biological effect of purified beta toxin of Clostridium perfringens type C in vivo was investigated. After intravenous injection of the purified beta toxin into rats, a rise in blood pressure and a simultaneous fall in heart rate were observed. After the blood pressure reached a maximum, the heart rate recovered gradually, and electrocardiographic and respiratory changes began. The rise in blood pressure induced by beta toxin tended to be proportional to the amount of toxin. The latent period between the injection of toxin and the onset of the increase, and also the time between the injection and the maximum pressure induced by the toxin decreased with increasing concentration of the toxin. A good correlation was found between the factor producing the rise in blood pressure and beta toxin. Alpha adrenergic and ganglionic blocking agents reduced blood pressure levels elevated by beta toxin. The data suggest that the toxin causes a release of catecholamines, and that the increase in blood pressure was induced by released catecholamines.
Behavior of Mycoplasma hominis in a Human Diploid Cell Culture System
Authors: Sasaki Tsuguo , Shintani Miharu , Yamada Kenichiro , Okumura Hideo , Kihara Kojo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe behavior of Mycoplasma hominis in normal human embryonic lung fibroblast (HAIN‐55) cell cultures was investigated. Multiplication patterns of cell‐associated mycoplasmas and of extracellular mycoplasmas in the HAIN‐55 cultures depended upon the size of the inoculum. This relationship did not vary with the number of days the cells had been cultured, nor with the number of HAIN‐55 cell passages. The maximum mycoplasmal growth was obtained with inoculum sizes of 105 to 106 colony‐forming units (CFU)/ml. The recovery of mycoplasmas decreased rapidly with inoculum size beyond 107 CFU/ml, and growth of the HAIN‐55 cells was inhibited. Growth of the cells was also inhibited by the addition of the cytoplasmic fraction of Mycoplasma hominis.
Murine Defense Mechanism against Candida albicans Infection: I. Collaboration of Cell‐Mediated and Humoral Immunities in Protection against Systemic C. albicans Infection
Authors: Kagaya Keiko , Shinoda Takako , Fukazawa Yoshimura 
Published: November 2013

AbstractMice immunized with viable C. albicans cells demonstrated a high incidence of cell‐mediated and a low incidence of humoral immune response. There was good agreement between the final survival rate of C. albicans infected mice and the rate of simultaneous cell‐mediated and humoral immune response acquisition. Immunized mice with positive delayed hypersensitivity (DTH) against C. albicans crude antigen showed significant protection against intravenous challenge with C. albicans. Furthermore, the transfer of immunoglobulins from rabbit anti‐C. albicans serum to DTH‐positive mice enhanced protection, while it did not protect control mice against a subsequent challenge with C. albicans. These results suggest that cell‐mediated immunity plays a major role and humoral immunity a side role in the defense mechanism(s) of C. albicans infected mice.
Antigenic Analysis of Polioviruses Isolated from a Child with Agammaglobulinemia and Paralytic Poliomyelitis after Sabin Vaccine Administration
Authors: Hara Minoru , Saito Yoshiko , Komatsu Toshihiko , Kodama Hideo , Abo Wataru , Chiba Shunzo , Nakao Toru 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA 3‐year‐old boy with agammaglobulinemia developed paralytic poliomyelitis on day 553 after being fed poliovaccine. Non‐vaccine‐like type 2 polioviruses were isolated from 22 stools obtained within 684 days after the onset of illness. Antigenic variations were observed among these viruses. The non‐vaccine‐like virus isolated 1 week after the onset of paralysis differed in virulence from the Sabin type 2 vaccine strain in the neurovirulence test in monkeys, and did not have the same antigenic character as the wild virulent strains. Another virus isolated on day 348 before the onset of illness was also classified as non‐vaccine‐like. However, the Sabin type 2 strain was shown to be homologous with this strain by the McBride test. Some Sabin‐like particles were found in this stock virus. We may conclude that the non‐vaccine‐like virus isolates were derived from Sabin vaccine by antigenic variation that occurred during long‐term multiplication in the intestinal tract.
The Effects of Temperature and pH on the Growth of Eight Enteric and Nine Glucose Non‐Fermenting Species of Gram‐Negative Rods
Authors: Tsuji Akiyoshi , Kaneko Yasuko , Takahashi Kuniko , Ogawa Masatoshi , Goto Sachiko 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe studied the heat resistance and the range of growth temperature o gram‐negative rods to find one of the bacterial factors governing their infectivity in exogenous and endogenous infections in predisposed patients.Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia marcescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus grew equally well at 25, 30, 37, and 42 C. Among other sugar non‐fermenting gram‐negative rods, six species showed suppressed growth at either or both ends of the incubation temperature range. All the bacterial species tested were killed within 30 min at 60 or 70 C. At 10 C, none of the bacterial strains multiplied, but all survived for 6 hr.Of 17 bacterial species tested, E. coli had the widest range of growth temperature (18–47 C), and also the shortest time necessary for growth to a certain population. Among the sugar non‐fermenting rods, A. calcoaceticus had the widest range of growth temperature (20–45 C) and also multiplied rapidly. Pseudomonas strains exhibited slower growth at all temperatures and also had a narrower range of growth temperature than Enterobacteriaceae. Among Pseudomonas species, P. aeruginosa had the widest range of growth temperature (25–42 C) and also showed rapid growth. Pseudomonas cepacia, Achromobacter xylosoxidans, and Alcaligenes faecalis had a narrow range of growth temperature (28–37 C), and Pseudomonas fluorescens, Flavobacterium meningosepticum, and Moraxella grew most rapidly at 30 C.The above results are correlated fairly well with the incidence of clinical cases of infection. The growth attitude of a species of bacteria in response to temperature was considered to be one of the factors affecting the establishment of infection.
Purine Metabolic Enzymes in Lymphocytes: I. Adenosine Deaminase and Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase Activities in Mouse Lymphocyte Subpopulations
Authors: Kurashige Satonori , Akuzawa Yuki , Yoshida Toshiharu , Teshima Chisato , Mitsuhashi Susumu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe distribution of adenosine deaminase (ADA) and purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) activities in lymphoid organs and lymphocyte subpopulations in mice, and the effect of phytohemagglutinin P (PHA‐P) and concanavalin A (Con A) on the enzyme activities were studied. ADA activity was distributed equally in cells from all organs used and no mouse strain differences were observed. In contrast, PNP activity varied with the mouse strain, being highest in C57BL/6 mice and lowest in BALB/c mice, and with the organ in ICR mice, being high in peripheral blood lymphocytes and spleen lymphocytes, low in mesenteric lymph node cells and absent or very weak in thymus cells. T and B lymphocytes were prepared from spleens of ICR mice. High ADA activity was found in both T and B lymphocytes, whereas PNP activity in the T lymphocytes was about one‐third of that in the B lymphocytes. PNP activity in thymus cells was increased to the normal level of T lymphocytes in the spleens by cultivation without stimulant. The development of PNP activity in thymus cells was partially inhibited by Con A but was not affected by PHA‐P. ADA activity in thymus cells was enhanced by in vitro stimulation with PHA‐P but not with Con A. In contrast, in spleen lymphocytes the development of ADA activity was enhanced by stimulation with PHA‐P and Con A, and that of PNP activity was enhanced by PHA‐P but not by Con A.
Immunochemical Characterization of Candida albicans Cell Wall Antigens: Specific Determinant of Candida albicans Serotype A Mannan
Authors: Suzuki Motofumi , Fukazawa Yoshimura 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe investigated the chemical structure of the specific determinant in the mannan of Candida albicans M‐1012 (serotype A) strain. Acetolysis of the mannan, obtained by alkali extraction and purified as the copper complex, gave mannose and six oligosaccharides (from di‐ to hexasaccharide) and a small amount of a heptasaccharide. We examined the inhibition by these oligosaccharides up to hexaose of the precipitin reaction between anti‐factor 6 serum specific for serotype A and homologous mannan, and found that the mannohexaose was the most effective inhibitor. These, and results obtained by proton magnetic resonance (PMR) spectroscopy, methylation analysis, and other structural studies, suggest that the main component of this hexaose consists of one terminal α(1–3) linkage in addition to four α(1–2) linkages, and that this α(1–3)‐containing mannohexaose may be responsible for the specificity of antigenic factor 6. Further results obtained by analyses of polarimetry, PMR spectroscopy, and chromium trioxide oxidation‐methylation of C. albicans M‐1012 mannan and its acid‐degraded mannans suggest that the mannan has a β‐linkage in addition to α‐linkages, and that the mode of the β‐linkage is mainly (1–6) linkage. Further evidence obtained by Smith degradation‐methylation analysis and by quantitative precipitin reactions of intact and acid‐degraded mannan suggests that the antigenic determinant of antigenic factor 6 may be bound, via the β(1–6) linkage, to C‐6 of mannose residues involved in oligosaccharide side chains of serotype A mannan.
Histopathological Studies of Reactions in Mice Injected with Aluminum‐Adsorbed Tetanus Toxoid
Authors: Goto Norihisa , Akama Kiyoto 
Published: November 2013

AbstractHistopathological observations of changes at the injection site in mice were made for 20 weeks after a single intramuscular (im) injection of aluminum hydroxide‐adsorbed tetanus toxoid (Alum‐TT), plain tetanus toxoid (TT), or aluminum adjuvant (Alum alone). Marked injury to muscle fibers and infiltration of neutrophils around the aluminum remnants were observed, and some microabscesses were occasionally formed, after im injection of Alum‐TT. Some mature alum‐granulomas were seen in the Alum‐TT group, while the Alum alone group had only a few immature alum‐granulomas. The TT group showed only slight injury to muscle fibers and acute inflammation at an early stage. In the Alum‐TT group, well‐developed lymphoid tissues and granulomatous lesions were still observable even 20 weeks after the injection; however, these changes had already diminished in the Alum alone group by that time. These findings could serve as good models for undesirable local reactions to aluminum‐adjuvanted vaccines.
Immune Response to Toxoplasma gondii
Authors: Yano Akihiko , Yui Katsuyuki , Yamamoto Masuji , Aosai Fumie , Furuta Seiichi , Kojima Soumei 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPeripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) from patients with toxoplasmosis were shown to be highly responsive to in vitro stimulation with Toxoplasma gondii extract as measured by incorporation of [3H]methylated thymidine. Analysis of Toxoplasma‐specific proliferative cells in PBL by using monoclonal antibodies specific for human T cell subsets revealed that the Toxoplasma‐specific proliferation response of PBL from the patients was mediated by Leu 1, Leu 3a positive cells, that is, helper/inducer T cells. Tests for the Toxoplasma‐specific proliferation response may provide a readily available method for the diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis, especially during the newborn period.
Effect of High Salt Treatment on Influenza B Viral Protein Synthesis in MDCK Cells
Authors: Tsurumi Tatsuya , Aoki Hiizu , Nishiyama Yukihiro , Shibata Motohiro , Maeno Koichiro , Seo Hisao 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBased on the information that high salt inhibits the initiation of cellular mRNA translation which depends on the function of the 5′‐terminal structure of mRNA, we compared the effect of high salt on translation of host cellular mRNAs and influenza viral mRNAs, both of which are of 5′‐terminal structure. Brief exposure of influenza B virus‐infected MDCK cells to high salt medium resulted in a dose‐dependent inhibition of viral polypeptide synthesis as well as of cellular polypeptide synthesis, but it had less effect on synthesis of viral polypeptides, particularly nonstructural protein (NS). Under these conditions the Na+ content of the infected cells was significantly increased. A similar salt effect on in vitro translation of viral and cellular mRNAs extracted from infected cells was also observed. There was no significant difference in sensitivity to hypertonic block of in vivo translation of influenza viral mRNAs and vesicular stomatitis virus mRNAs, the latter of which possess a virus‐directed structure at the 5′‐terminus.
Growth of the Surface of Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Authors: Umeda Akiko , Amako Kazunobu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractSurface structure and growth of the surface of Corynebacterium diphtheriae mitis strain were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and the immunofluorescence technique. The surface of the cell revealed by the scanning electron microscope showed a few elevated circular zones which encompassed the cell. The cell diameter increased at this zone and this gave the club‐shaped appearance to this species. The cell surface labeled with specific antibodies against the whole bacterial cell and tagged with ferritin remained at a constant length during cell division cycles and the new cell surface emerged from the polar ends of the cell. This new wall surface was completely devoid of the ferritin particles indicating that the cell wall component on the old preexistent wall was completely conserved. A similar finding was obtained by immunofluorescence microscopy. C. diphtheriae, unlike Bacillus spp., showed apical growth as has been observed in fungal cells.