bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Restrictive eating in anorexia nervosa: Examining maintenance and consequences in the natural environment
Authors: Fitzsimmons‐Craft Ellen E. , Accurso Erin C. , Ciao Anna C. , Crosby Ross D. , Cao Li , Pisetsky Emily M. , Le Grange Daniel , Peterson Carol B. , Crow Scott J. , Engel Scott G. , Mitchell James E. , Wonderlich Stephen A. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis study examined negative and positive affect in relation to restrictive eating episodes (i.e., meals/snacks perceived as restrictive) and whether restrictive eating was associated with likelihood of subsequent eating disorder behaviors (i.e., additional restrictive eating, binge eating, vomiting, laxative use, weighing, exercising, meal skipping, drinking fluids to curb appetite, body checking).MethodWomen with anorexia nervosa (N = 118) completed a 2‐week ecological momentary assessment protocol.ResultsFor both restrictive and nonrestrictive eating, negative affect significantly increased from prebehavior to the time of the behavior but remained stable thereafter, while positive affect remained stable from prebehavior to the time of the behavior but decreased significantly thereafter. Across time, negative affect was significantly lower and positive affect was significantly greater in restrictive than nonrestrictive episodes. Engagement in restrictive eating was associated with an increased likelihood of subsequent restrictive eating, laxative use, and body checking, but not other behaviors. Engagement in nonrestrictive eating was associated with a decreased likelihood of subsequent restrictive eating, binge eating, vomiting, laxative use, weighing, meal skipping, drinking fluids to curb appetite, and body checking.DiscussionDespite similar patterns of affect across eating episodes over time, results suggest affect may be involved in the maintenance of restrictive eating in anorexia nervosa since restrictive episodes were associated with lower negative and greater positive affect across time compared to nonrestrictive episodes. Further, while restrictive episodes increased the likelihood of only three subsequent eating disorder behaviors, nonrestrictive episodes were protective since they decreased likelihood of all but one behavior. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc (Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:923–931).
Oxidative stress and antioxidant levels in patients with anorexia nervosa: A systematic review and exploratory meta‐analysis
Authors: Solmi Marco , Veronese Nicola , Manzato Enzo , Sergi Giuseppe , Favaro Angela , Santonastaso Paolo , Correll Christoph U. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo systematically review and meta‐analyze oxidative stress and antioxidant markers in anorexia nervosa (AN).MethodsElectronic PubMed search from database inception until 12/31/2013. Out of 1062 hits, 29 studies comparing oxidative stress/antioxidant markers between patients with AN and healthy controls (HCs) with a total of 1,729 participants (AN = 895, HCs = 834) were eligible. Data about oxidative stress and antioxidant markers, independent of their source, were extracted. We calculated random effects standardized mean differences (SMDs) as effect size measures for outcomes reported in ≥5 studies; others were summarized descriptively.ResultsCompared to HCs, AN patients showed significantly higher apolipoprotein B (ApoB) levels (studies = 7; n = 551; SMD = 0.75; p = .0003, I2 = 74%), with higher age being associated with higher ApoB (Coefficient: 0.61 ± 0.15, p < .0001), whereas BMI (p = .15) and measurement method (p = .70) did not moderate the results. Serum albumin levels were similar between AN and HCs (studies = 13; n = 509; SMD =−0.19; 95%CI: −0.62 to 0.24; p = .38; I2 = 81%), with neither age (p = .84) nor BMI (p = .52) being significant moderators. Lower superoxide dismutase levels were reported in 2 studies, while findings for vitamin A and its metabolites were inconclusive. In single studies, patients with AN had significantly higher catalase and nitric oxide (NO) parameter levels (platelet NO, exhaled NO and nitrites), such as lower glutathione and free cysteine levels, compared to HCs.DiscussionAN appears to be associated with some markers of increased oxidative stress. Additional research is needed to discern whether oxidative stress is a potential cause or effect of AN, and whether treatments improving oxidative stress could be useful in AN. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:826–841).
Beyond Natural Limitations: Long‐Range Influence of Non‐Natural Flexible and Rigid β‐Turn Mimetics in a Native β‐Hairpin Motif
Authors: Körling Matthias , Geyer Armin 
Published: August 2015

Abstractβ‐Turns mediate diverse protein recognition processes, although dihedral angle preferences of canonical amino acids limit accessible β‐turn geometries. Organic synthesis can go beyond these limitations and either increase the mobility of a β‐turn or constrain it inside a bicyclic ring. Nine β‐turn dipeptides are studied here in the isolated β‐hairpin of the miniprotein Foldon, which is only moderately structured in the absence of the native protein environment. The dipeptide mimetics, which vary the backbone flexibility from linear alkyl chains to bicyclic dipeptides (Hot=Tap), are ranked against each other with regard to their hairpin‐stabilizing capacities. NMR‐derived parameters and melting temperatures correlate the backbone rigidity of the β‐turns with the hairpin population. In contrast to the general expectation, highly populated hairpins are not only observed for rigid dipeptides, but also for selected flexible amino acids in the i + 1 and i + 2 positions of the β‐turn.
Are there different predictors of analgesic response between antidepressants and anticonvulsants in painful diabetic neuropathy?
Authors: Marchettini P. , Wilhelm S. , Petto H. , Tesfaye S. , Tölle T. , Bouhassira D. , Freynhagen R. , Cruccu G. , Lledó A. , Choy E. , Kosek E. , Micó J.A. , Späth M. , Skljarevski V. , Lenox‐Smith A. , Perrot S. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundTo investigate baseline demographics and disease characteristics as predictors of the analgesic effect of duloxetine and pregabalin on diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain (DPNP).MethodsBased on data from the COMBO‐DN study, a multinational clinical trial in DPNP, the potential impact of baseline characteristics on pain relief after 8‐week monotherapy with 60 mg/day duloxetine or 300 mg/day pregabalin was assessed using analyses of covariance. Subgroups of interest were characterized regarding their baseline characteristics and efficacy outcomes.ResultsA total of 804 patients were evaluated at baseline. A significant interaction with treatment was observed in the mood symptom subgroups with a larger pain reduction in duloxetine‐treated patients having no mood symptoms [Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) depression or anxiety subscale score <11; −2.33 (duloxetine); −1.52 (pregabalin); p = 0.024]. There were no significant interactions between treatment for subgroups by age (<65 or ≥65 years), gender, baseline pain severity [Brief Pain Inventory Modified Short Form (BPI‐MSF) average pain <6 or ≥6], diabetic neuropathy duration (≤2 or >2 years), baseline haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (<8% or ≥8%), presence of comorbidities and concomitant medication use.ConclusionsOur analyses suggest that the efficacy of duloxetine and pregabalin for initial 8‐week treatment in DPNP was consistent across examined subgroups based on demographics and disease characteristics at baseline except for the presence of mood symptoms. Duloxetine treatment appeared to be particularly beneficial in DPNP patients having no mood symptoms.
Micellar electrokinetic chromatography with short‐end injection for rapid separation and simultaneous determination of aesculin, aesculetin, and phenylephrine in pharmaceutical preparations
Authors: Pincová Lucie , Petrů Klára , Pospíšilová Marie , Polášek Miroslav 
Published: August 2015

A fast micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) method for simultaneous assay of aesculin, aesculetin, and phenylephrine was developed and validated. The separation was carried out in a fused‐silica capillary (50 μm id, total length 64.5 cm, effective length 8.5 cm) with UV detection at 210 nm, temperature 25°C and separation voltage –25 kV. The samples were loaded hydrodynamically at a pressure of –50 mbar for 6 s. The background electrolyte of pH 8.6 contained 20 mM boric acid, 60 mM SDS, and 5% (v/v) of methanol. The calibration curves were linear in the range 10−500 μg/mL for aesculin and aesculetin and 12.5–625 μg/mL for phenylephrine. The RSD values of corrected peak areas were 0.6−1.2% (n = 6) when determining 0.2 mg/mL of aesculin and aesculetin and 0.25 mg/mL of phenylephrine in prepared standard mixtures. The method was successfully applied to the assay of aesculin and phenylephrine in a pharmaceutical preparation (RSD = 1.9−2.0%; n = 3) and the robustness of the method for both, the determination of analytes and the system suitability test parameter values, was evaluated with the use of Plackett‐Burman design.
Growth and reproductive effects from dietary exposure to Aroclor 1268 in mink (Neovison vison), a surrogate model for marine mammals
Authors: Folland William R. , Newsted John L. , Fitzgerald Scott D. , Fuchsman Phyllis C. , Bradley Patrick W. , Kern John , Kannan Kurunthachalam , Remington Richard E. , Zwiernik Matthew J. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from the commercial mixture Aroclor 1268 were historically released into the Turtle-Brunswick River estuary (southeastern Georgia, USA) from industrial operations. Sum PCBs (ΣPCBs) in blubber samples from Turtle-Brunswick River estuary bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) have been reported at concentrations more than 10-fold higher than those observed in dolphins from adjacent regional estuaries. Given that toxicity data specific to Aroclor 1268 and applicable to marine mammals are limited, predicting the toxic effects of Aroclor 1268 in dolphins is uncertain, particularly because of its unique congener profile and associated physiochemical characteristics compared with other PCB mixtures. American mink (Neovison vison) were chosen as a surrogate model for cetaceans to develop marine mammalian PCB toxicity benchmarks. Mink are a suitable surrogate species for cetaceans in toxicity studies because of similarities in diet and taxonomic class, and a characteristic sensitivity to PCBs provides a potential safety factor when using mink toxicology data for cross-species extrapolations. Effects of dietary exposure to Aroclor 1268 on reproduction, growth, and mortality in mink were compared with both a negative control and a positive control (3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl, PCB 126). Aroclor 1268 dietary ΣPCB concentrations ranged from 1.8 µg/g feed wet weight to 29 µg/g feed wet weight. Whelp success was unaffected by Aroclor 1268 exposure at any level. Treatment mean litter size, kit growth, and kit survival were adversely affected relative to the negative control at dietary ΣPCB concentrations of 10.6 µg/g feed wet weight and greater. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:604–618. © 2015 SETAC
Geochemical control processes and potential sediment toxicity in a mine-impacted lake
Authors: Adeleke Solomon Babatunde , Svensson Bo H. , Yekta Sepehr Shakeri , Adeleye Michael Mayowa 
Published: August 2015

Abstract

Geochemical parameters and major ion concentrations from sediments of a freshwater lake in the town of Åtvidaberg, southeastern, Sweden, were used to identify the geochemical processes that control the water chemistry. The lake sediments are anoxic, characterized by reduced sulfur and sulfidic minerals. The hypothesis tested is that in sulfidic-anaerobic contaminated sediments, the presence of redox potential changes creates a favorable condition for sulfide oxidation, resulting in the release of potentially toxic metals. The acid volatile sulfide (AVS) contents ranged from 5.5 μmol/g to 16 μmol/g of dry sediment. Comparison of total mine tailing metals (∑mine tailing metals) with simultaneously extracted metals (SEM) in sediments indicates that up to 20% of the ∑mine tailing metals are bound to the solid phase as AVS. Consequently, the AVS and SEM analysis classified all sediment samples as potentially toxic in terms of heavy metal concentrations (i.e., SEM to AVS ratio distribution &gt; 1). Evaluation of hydrogeochemical data suggests that calcite dissolution, iron (III) oxyhydroxysulfate mineral jarosite (H-jarosite) precipitation, hematite precipitation, and siderite precipitation are the most prevailing geochemical processes that control the geochemical interactions between the water column and sediment in a mine-impacted lake. The geochemical processes were verified and quantified using a chemical equilibrium modeling program, Visual MINTEQ, Ver 3.1, beta. The identified geochemical processes create an environment in which the characteristics of sulfate-rich waters and acidic-iron produce the geochemical conditions for acid mine drainage and mobilization of toxic metals. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:563–572. © 2015 SETAC
Accurate and consistent particle tracking on unstructured grids
Authors: Ketefian G. S. , Gross E. S. , Stelling G. S. 
Published: August 2015

SummaryA new numerical method for particle tracking (Lagrangian particle advection) on 2‐D unstructured grids with triangular cells is presented and tested. This method combines key attributes of published methods, including streamline closure for steady flows and local mass conservation (uniformity preservation). The subgrid‐scale velocity reconstruction is linear, and this linear velocity field is integrated analytically to obtain particle trajectories. A complete analytic solution to the 2‐D system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) governing particle trajectories within a grid cell is provided. The analytic solution to the linear system of locally mass‐conserving constraints that must be enforced to obtain the coefficients in the ODEs is also provided. Numerical experiments are performed to demonstrate that the new method has substantial advantages in accuracy over previously published methods and that it does not suffer from unphysical particle clustering. The method can be used not only in particle‐tracking applications but also as part of a semi‐Lagrangian advection scheme.Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Physical frailty in late‐life depression is associated with deficits in speed‐dependent executive functions
Authors: Potter Guy G. , McQuoid Douglas R. , Whitson Heather E. , Steffens David C. 
Published: August 2015

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to examine the association between physical frailty and neurocognitive performance in late‐life depression (LLD).MethodsCross‐sectional design using baseline data from a treatment study of late‐life depression was used in this study. Individuals aged 60 years and older were diagnosed with major depressive disorder at time of assessment (N = 173). All participants received clinical assessment of depression and completed neuropsychological testing during a depressive episode. Physical frailty was assessed using an adaptation of the FRAIL scale. Neuropsychological domains were derived from a factor analysis that yielded three factors: (i) speeded executive and fluency, (ii) episodic memory, and (iii) working memory. Associations were examined with bivariate tests and multivariate models.ResultsDepressed individuals with a FRAIL score >1 had worse performance than nonfrail depressed across all three factors; however, speeded executive and fluency was the only factor that remained significant after controlling for depression symptom severity and demographic characteristics.ConclusionsAlthough physical frailty is associated with broad neurocognitive deficits in LLD, it is most robustly associated with deficits in speeded executive functions and verbal fluency. Causal inferences are limited by the cross‐sectional design, and future research would benefit from a comparison group of nondepressed older adults with similar levels of frailty. Research is needed to understand the mechanisms underlying associations among depression symptoms, physical frailty, and executive dysfunction and how they are related to the cognitive and symptomatic course of LLD.
Zwitterionic Phosphoranides as Intermediates in the Reaction of Phosphorus Tribromide with N,N‐Dimethyl‐N′‐arylformamidines
Authors: Marchenko Anatoliy P. , Koidan Georgyi N. , Hurieva Anastasia N. , Rozhenko Alexander B. , Kostyuk Aleksandr N. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTCyclic zwitterionic phosphoranides 2a,b were found to be intermediate products in the reaction of N,N‐dimethyl‐N′‐(aryl)formamidines with PBr3. The structure of phosphoranide 2a was determined by means of the X‐ray and quantum chemistry investigations. Mechanism of its formation was proposed based on Density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Reactions of 2 with amines and selenium yielded either C‐phosphorylated formamidines or benzazaphospholes. The first example of intramolecular heterocyclization of a pentavalent phosphorus derivative 15b into 3Н‐1,3‐benzazaphosphole has been demonstrated.
Mice in an enriched environment learn more flexibly because of adult hippocampal neurogenesis
Authors: Garthe Alexander , Roeder Ingo , Kempermann Gerd 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTWe here show that living in a stimulus‐rich environment (ENR) improves water maze learning with respect to specific key indicators that in previous loss‐of‐function experiments have been shown to rely on adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Analyzing the strategies employed by mice to locate the hidden platform in the water maze revealed that ENR facilitated task acquisition by increasing the probability to use effective search strategies. ENR also enhanced the animals’ behavioral flexibility, when the escape platform was moved to a new location. Treatment with temozolomide, which is known to reduce adult neurogenesis, abolished the effects of ENR on both acquisition and flexibility, while leaving other aspects of water maze learning untouched. These characteristic effects and interdependencies were not seen in parallel experiments with voluntary wheel running (RUN), a second pro‐neurogenic behavioral stimulus. Since the histological assessment of adult neurogenesis is by necessity an end‐point measure, the levels of neurogenesis over the course of the experiment can only be inferred and the present study focused on behavioral parameters as analytical endpoints. Although the correlation of physical activity with precursor cell proliferation and of learning and the survival of new neurons is well established, how the specific functional effects described here relate to dynamic changes in the stem cell niche remains to be addressed. Nevertheless, our findings support the hypothesis that adult neurogenesis is a critical mechanism underlying the beneficial effects of leading an active live, rich in experiences. © 2015 The Authors Hippocampus Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Induction, consolidation, and maintenance therapies with arsenic as a single agent for acute promyelocytic leukaemia in a 11‐year follow‐up
Authors: Aznab Mozaffar , Rezaei Mansour 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of arsenic trioxide as a single agent in acute promyelocytic leukaemia cases for induction, consolidation, and maintenance therapy in a long‐term, 11‐year follow‐up. We studied 60 patients with acute promyelocytic leukaemia. Sixty percent of the patients were aged between 12 and 24 years. Arsenic trioxide was infused at a 0.15 mg/kg daily dose until complete remission was achieved. After 2 weeks of rest, arsenic trioxide was infused daily for 28 days as a consolidation therapy. Then, arsenic infusions were given every 3–4 months for 14 days for 2 years, and the patients were followed until relapse or death. The rates of complete remission, disease‐free survival, overall survival, and drug toxicity were evaluated. The morphologic complete remission was observed in 55 out of the 60 patients. The most common causes of a remission failure were early mortality because of the APL differentiation syndrome and the lack of response to arsenic treatment. The mean follow‐up was 90 months. The primary outcomes for males and females were a mean disease‐free survival of 101 and 97 months, respectively, and a mean overall survival of 103 and 101 months, respectively. From the 55 cases with remission, three patients died (late mortality). Of the 60 patients, 85% are still alive. Arsenic trioxide was generally well tolerated. The long‐term follow‐up of patients with APL, treated with arsenic alone as induction, consolidation, and maintenance therapy, shows high cure rates and excellent outcomes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New CuII and CdII Metal‐organic Coordination Polymers with 1,2,4‐triazolo[3,4‐b]‐1,3,4‐thiadiazole Ligands: Syntheses, Structures and Luminescent Properties
Authors: Fan Jian‐Zhong , Li Jin‐Ping , Zhang Li‐Peng , Zhang Liu‐Gen , Wang Duo‐Zhi 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThree new complexes {[Cu(L1)2(NO3)2]⋅H2O}oo (1), {[Cu4(L2)2(OAc)8]‐CH3CH2OH}oo (2) and [Cd2(L3)3(NO3)4(H2O)2]oo (3) (L1=4‐phenyl‐7‐(pyridine‐3‐yl)‐1,2,4‐triazolo[3,4‐b]‐1,3,4‐thiadiazole, L2=4‐(pyridine‐3‐yl)‐7‐phenyl‐1,2,4‐triazolo[3,4‐b]‐1,3,4‐thiadiazole, and L3=4‐(pyridine‐4‐yl)‐7‐phenyl‐1,2,4‐triazolo[3,4‐b]‐1,3,4‐thiadiazole) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectra and single crystal X‐ray diffraction. The structural analyses reveal that complex 1 is a neutral 2‐D network structure with a 44 topology, 2 has a 1‐D neutral coordination chain with a [Cu2(CH3COO)4] dinuclear structural unit bridged by four acetate ions, and 3 is a neutral rhombohedral grid structure. All thecomplexes are air stable at room temperature. Furthermore, the fluorescent properties of complex 3 and corresponding ligand L3 have been investigated and discussed.
A Simple Extraction Method for Determination of High Molecular Weight Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Sediments by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Chen Yan‐Fu , Kao Chang‐Long , Yang Jyun‐Fu , Huang Ping‐Chih , Hsu Ching‐Yun , Kuei Chun‐Hsiung 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA simplified extraction method was developed for extracting high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from river sediments. The samples were extracted 3 times with 5 mL of solvent (toluene:methanol, 9 : 1, v/v) at 100 °C, 10 minutes for each extraction. After clean‐up and concentration, extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometer (GC‐MS). The extraction efficiency and accuracy was evaluated by the standard reference material (SRM‐1941b). Comparing to certified values, the average recoveries of high molecular weight PAHs with 3, 4, 5 and 6 fused benzene rings were 72.9∼113.2 % (R.S.D. 2.3∼6.3 %) except those of dibenz[a,h]anthracene (206.2±4.6 %). The average recoveries for PAHs spiked sediment samples were comparable with accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) and Soxhlet methods. The simple extraction method consumes less solvent, fewer amount of sample than those of conventional methods. The lowest quantitation limit of PAHs is 1.1 μg/kg.