bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly Regioselective Preparation of Heteroaryl–Magnesium Reagents by Using a Br/Mg Exchange
Authors: Sämann Christoph , Haag Benjamin , Knochel Paul 
Published: October 2012

AbstractDisubstituted thienyl‐, furyl‐ and pyridylmagnesium derivatives are regioselectively prepared from a Br/Mg exchange of the corresponding dibromo compounds by using either iPrMgCl⋅LiCl or hindered arylmagnesium reagents, such as isitylmagnesium bromide⋅lithium chloride (isityl=2,4,6‐triisopropyl‐phenyl) complexed with a diamine ligand, in difficult cases. The selective functionalisations of these heterocyclic scaffolds by using Negishi cross‐coupling reactions, acylations or addition to aldehydes were readily achieved.
Exceptional Blueshifted and Enhanced Aggregation‐Induced Emission of Conjugated Asymmetric Triazines and Their Applications in Superamplified Detection of Explosives
Authors: An Zhong‐Fu , Zheng Chao , Chen Run‐Feng , Yin Jun , Xiao Jian‐Jian , Shi Hui‐Fang , Tao Ye , Qian Yan , Huang Wei 
Published: October 2012

AbstractA novel conjugated asymmetric donor–acceptor (CADA) strategy for preventing the redshift in photoluminescence, as well as preserving the merits of donor–acceptor architectures, was proposed and demonstrated for two triazine derivatives, which showed highly efficient, narrow, and blueshifted ultraviolet light emission in solid films along with special aggregation‐induced emission behavior. A mechanism of aggregation‐induced locally excited‐state emission by suppressing the twisted intramolecular charge‐transfer emission for the spectacular optoelectronic phenomena of these CADA molecules was suggested on the basis of both experimental measurements and theoretical calculations. By taking advantage of this special CADA architecture, fluorescent probes based on aggregates of conjugated asymmetric triazines in THF/water for the detection of explosives show superamplified detection of picric acid with high quenching constants (>1.0×107 M−1) and a low detection limit of 15 ppb.
Effect of a particular coupling on the dynamic behavior of nonlinear systems
Authors: Cannas Barbara , Pisano Fabio 
Published: October 2012

SUMMARYIn this paper, the dynamics of particular nonlinear dynamic systems of order six, characterized by two positive Lyapunov exponents, is analyzed. Transformation techniques are applied to the study of these systems; in particular, the analysis of the transverse and tangent systems showed that they are equivalent to two uncoupled identical chaotic systems of order three. Examples of polynomial and piecewise linear systems are proposed. Both numerical simulation and circuit implementation have been performed. Moreover, a systematic method to project these systems is presented. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Normalized shape and location of perturbed craniofacial structures in the Xenopus tadpole reveal an innate ability to achieve correct morphology
Authors: Vandenberg Laura N. , Adams Dany S. , Levin Michael 
Published: October 2012

AbstractCOVER PHOTOGRAPH: Visualization of the developing neural tube and craniofacial structures using pH and membrane voltage reporter dyes in Xenopus laevis embryos. Manipulation of pH and membrane voltage via misexpression of subunit c of the H+‐V‐ATPase produces craniofacial abnormalities that are capable of normalizing themselves as the animal develops and ages. From Vandenberg et al., Developmental Dynamics 241:863–878, 2012.
Synthesis of Atorvastatin Lactone Linker Constructs for Target Fishing
Authors: Sawant Pramod , Maier Martin E. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractWith the aim of connecting atorvastatin lactone 9 to a linker for affinity‐based target fishing, a concise route to the pyrrolecarboxylic acid 8 was developed. Key features of the synthesis of the diol‐containing side‐chain were a catalytic enantioselective vinylogous aldol reaction resulting in 5‐hydroxy‐enoate 14 (88 % ee). Subsequent intramolecular oxa‐Michael addition and amide reduction furnished key building block 5. As we have described previously, Paal–Knorr reaction of amine 5 with diketone 6 led to pyrrole 7, which – after carboxylation – provided acid 8. Since atorvastatin lactone is an aniline derivative of acid 7, we prepared two linkers having an aniline terminus. For this purpose ethylene glycol based allyl ethers 20 and 27 were combined with nitrostyrene 22 by cross‐metathesis. After hydrogenation of the nitro group and the double bond, anilines 25 and 29, respectively, were obtained. The anilines were condensed with carboxylic acid 8 to afford the corresponding amides 30 and 35. Elaboration of the side‐chain then provided atorvastatin lactone linker constructs 34 and 39, respectively.
Revisiting the agentic shift: Weakening personal control increases susceptibility to social influence
Authors: Fennis Bob M. , Aarts Henk 
Published: October 2012

AbstractWhat happens when people experience a reduced sense of personal control? Among the various strategies to defend against a perception of randomness, people may show an increased acceptance of external sources of control. Indeed, in one of the most classic studies in social psychology, Stanley Milgram referred to an “agentic shift”—the tendency to relinquish personal control to an external agent—to explain his dramatic obedience effects. We propose that his account is a specific manifestation of a more general phenomenon: the tendency for increased susceptibility to various forms of external social influence when perceived personal control is reduced. In a series of (lab and field) studies using a variety of perceived control manipulations, we demonstrate that a reduction in the sense of personal control increases people's vulnerability to the bystander effect, promotes obedience to authority and fosters compliance with behavioral requests. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Association between genomic alterations and metastatic behavior of colorectal cancer identified by array‐based comparative genomic hybridization
Authors: Sawada Takeshi , Yamamoto Eiichiro , Suzuki Hiromu , Nojima Masanori , Maruyama Reo , Shioi Yoshihiro , Akasaka Risaburo , Kamimae Seiko , Harada Taku , Ashida Masami , Kai Masahiro , Adachi Yasushi , Yamamoto Hiroyuki , Imai Kohzoh , Toyota Minoru , Itoh Fumio , Sugai Tamotsu 
Published: October 2012

AbstractColorectal cancers (CRCs) exhibit multiple genetic alterations, including allelic imbalances (copy number alterations, CNAs) at various chromosomal loci. In addition to genetic aberrations, DNA methylation also plays important roles in the development of CRC. To better understand the clinical relevance of these genetic and epigenetic abnormalities in CRC, we performed an integrative analysis of copy number changes on a genome‐wide scale and assessed mutations of TP53, KRAS, BRAF, and PIK3CA and DNA methylation of six marker genes in single glands isolated from 39 primary tumors. Array‐based comparative genomic hybridization (array‐CGH) analysis revealed that genomic losses commonly occurred at 3q26.1, 4q13.2, 6q21.32, 7q34, 8p12‐23.3, 15qcen and 18, while gains were commonly found at 1q21.3‐23.1, 7p22.3‐q34, 13q12.11‐14.11, and 20. The total numbers and lengths of the CNAs were significantly associated with the aberrant DNA methylation and Dukes' stages. Moreover, hierarchical clustering analysis of the array‐CGH data suggested that tumors could be categorized into four subgroups. Tumors with frequent DNA methylation were most strongly enriched in subgroups with infrequent CNAs. Importantly, Dukes' D tumors were enriched in the subgroup showing the greatest genomic losses, whereas Dukes' C tumors were enriched in the subgroup with the greatest genomic gains. Our data suggest an inverse relationship between chromosomal instability and aberrant methylation and a positive association between genomic losses and distant metastasis and between genomic gains and lymph node metastasis in CRC. Therefore, DNA copy number profiles may be predictive of the metastatic behavior of CRCs. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
CO2 capture from ethanol production and storage into the Mt Simon Sandstone
Authors: Gollakota Sai , McDonald Scott 
Published: October 2012

AbstractUnder the Industrial Carbon Capture and Storage (ICCS) program, funded by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) of 2009, the United States Department of Energy (DOE) is co‐sponsoring the Archer Daniels Midland Company's (ADM's) large‐scale carbon capture and storage (CCS) project in Illinois. The Office of Fossil Energy's National Energy Technology Laboratory manages this project, which receives $141.4 million in ARRA funding and another $66.5 million in private sector cost‐sharing. This project, also referred to as the Illinois ICCS project, is under construction in Decatur, Illinois, and is scheduled to begin operations in 2013. The project team members are ADM, DOE, Schlumberger Carbon Services, Illinois State Geological Survey (ISGS), and Richland Community College (RCC). The Illinois ICCS project will demonstrate an integrated system for collecting up to 907 000 tonnes per year of CO2 from ADM's ethanol plant in Decatur and geologically sequestering it in the Mt Simon Sandstone, a saline reservoir. The project scope includes the design, construction, and integrated operation of CO2 compression, dehydration, and injection facilities, and monitoring, verification, and accounting of the stored CO2. Significant field work has been completed, i.e. design of the integrated CCS system, 3‐D seismic survey and site characterization, and mechanical construction of the compression and dehydration facilities. This is the largest saline storage project under construction in the USA. This paper will provide an overview and benefits of the Illinois ICCS project, present the field work results, and highlight the current status and future plans. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Solution processable polymer‐based nanocomposite coatings for large‐area carbon capture and conversion
Authors: Ashley Michael , Ramidi Punnamchandar , Magiera Charles , Ghosh Anindya , Bontrager Timothy , Scott Timothy G. , Blackburn Gary , Dervishi Enkeleda , Biris Alexandru S. , Wang Tao , Bayer Ilker S , Biswas Abhijit 
Published: October 2012

AbstractWe present synthesis and characterization of multicomponent polymer‐based nanocomposites for carbon dioxide capture and conversion into stable carbonates. Using a simple drop‐casting method, several metal oxide nanoparticles were homogeneously mixed into a polymer matrix. Our formulation is based on the combination of metal oxide nanoparticles and photocatalysts, such as titanium dioxide, silicon dioxide, magnesium oxide, copper oxide, and iron oxide. In this formulation, each metal oxide exhibits its own catalytic function of trapping carbon dioxide. In a mixture with several of these inorganic components, the nanocomposites exhibit the characteristics from each, with a potential of displaying multifunctionality. The liquid phase of the polymer‐based nanocomposite enables it to be sprayed onto any surface that could potentially lead to large‐area carbon capture. The combination of low‐cost materials, easy large‐scale applications, and multifunctionality offers huge potential of these multicomponent nanocomposites for effective CO2 capture and conversion into stable carbonates and other useful by‐products. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Increasing skilled birth attendance through midwifery workforce management
Authors: Rosskam Ellen , Pariyo George , Hounton Sennen , Aiga Hirotsugu 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTPolicy makers and development partners struggle to help find solutions to the high rates of maternal and newborn mortality in many low and middle income countries. Increasing access to midwives and health workers skilled in midwifery can help to alleviate the situation. We aim to contribute to the debate on strategies to increase access to skilled birth attendance by sharing our views, illustrated with as yet unpublished case stories that were recognized with Awards of Excellence at the Second Global Forum on Human Resources for Health, 2011, held in Bangkok, Thailand.The correlation between access to skilled birth attendance and the density of midwives, nurses and doctors has been well established in the literature. How to cost‐effectively scale up skilled birth attendance in low and middle income countries, however, remains a matter of debate. This article is based on a review of success stories in midwifery workforce management and innovations in increasing population access to midwives and other health workers skilled in midwifery. We draw on case stories from three low resource settings: Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Nigeria.Addressing the problem of access to skilled birth attendance, some countries are making good progress towards achieving Millennium Development Goals 4 and 5. Unshakeable political will and financial commitment are fundamental. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differential methylation of E2 binding sites in episomal and integrated HPV 16 genomes in preinvasive and invasive cervical lesions
Authors: Chaiwongkot Arkom , Vinokurova Svetlana , Pientong Chamsai , Ekalaksananan Tipaya , Kongyingyoes Bunkerd , Kleebkaow Pilaiwan , Chumworathayi Bandit , Patarapadungkit Natcha , Reuschenbach Miriam , von Knebel Doeberitz Magnus 
Published: October 2012

AbstractEnhanced expression of the HPV 16 E6‐E7 oncogenes may trigger neoplastic transformation of the squamous epithelial cells at the uterine cervix. The HPV E2 protein is a key transcriptional regulator of the E6‐E7 genes. It binds to four E2 binding sites (E2BSs 1–4) in the viral upstream regulatory region (URR). Modification of E2 functions, for example, by methylation of E2BSs is hypothesized to trigger enhanced expression of the viral E6‐E7 oncogenes. In the majority of HPV‐transformed premalignant lesions and about half of cervical carcinomas HPV genomes persist in an extra‐chromosomal, episomal state, whereas they are integrated into host cells chromosomes in the remaining lesions. Here we compared the methylation profile of E2BSs 1–4 of the HPV 16 URR in a series of 18 HPV16‐positive premalignant lesions and 33 invasive cervical cancers. CpGs within the E2BSs 1, 3, and 4 were higher methylated in all lesions with only episomal HPV16 genomes compared with lesions displaying single integrated copies. Samples with multiple HPV16 integrated copies displayed high methylation levels for all CpGs suggesting that the majority of multiple copies were silenced by extensive methylation. These data support the hypothesis that differential methylation of the E2BSs 1, 3 and 4 is related to the activation of viral oncogene expression in cervical lesions as long as the viral genome remains in the episomal state. Once the virus becomes integrated into host cell chromosomes these methylation patterns may be substantially altered due to complex epigenetic changes of integrated HPV genomes.
RAD51 overexpression is a negative prognostic marker for colorectal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Tennstedt Pierre , Fresow Robert , Simon Ronald , Marx Andreas , Terracciano Luigi , Petersen Cordula , Sauter Guido , Dikomey Ekkehard , Borgmann Kerstin 
Published: October 2012

AbstractRAD51 is the central protein in the homologous recombination pathway and is therefore of great relevance in terms of both therapy resistance as well as genomic stability. By using a tissue microarray analysis of 1,213 biopsies taken from colorectal adenocarcinomas (CRCs), we investigated whether RAD51 expression can be used as a prognostic marker as well as potential associations between this and the expression of other proteins known to be related to CRC. Strong RAD51 expression was observed in 1% of CRC, moderate in 11%, weak in 34% and no expression in 44%. No correlation was found between RAD51 expression and clinicopathological parameters. RAD51 expression correlated significantly (p = 0.001) with overall survival, with a median survival of 11 months for patients with strong, 46 with moderate, 76 with weak and 68 with negative expression. Multivariate analyses revealed that in addition to tumor stage (p < 0.0001) and nodal status (p < 0.0001), RAD51 expression is also an independent prognostic parameter (p = 0.011). Strong RAD51 expression was found to be associated with the loss of the two DNA mismatch repair proteins MSH (p = 0.0003), MLH (p = 0.002) and β‐catenin (p = 0.012) as well as with elevated p21 (p = 0.003) and EGFR expression (p = 0.0001). However, a correlation with overall survival could only be found for EGFR expression (p = 0.008), although no added benefit in risk stratification could be determined when evaluated together with RAD51. Overexpression of RAD51 is a predictor of poor outcome in CRC. This finding indicated the promise of future studies using RAD51 as a prognostic marker and therapeutic target.
KRAS G>A mutation favors poor tumor differentiation but may not be associated with prognosis in patients with curatively resected duodenal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Fu Tao , Guzzetta Angela A. , Jeschke Jana , Vatapalli Rajita , Dave Pujan , Hooker Craig M. , Morgan Richard , Iacobuzio‐Donahue Christine A. , Liu Baohua , Ahuja Nita 
Published: October 2012

AbstractKRAS mutations have been found in duodenal adenocarcinomas and may have prognostic significance. The purpose of this study was to classify clinicopathological characteristics, microsatellite instability and KRAS mutations and identify possible prognostic role of KRAS mutations in duodenal adenocarcinomas. Demographics, tumor characteristics and survival were recorded for 78 patients with duodenal adenocarcinomas (Stages I–III). KRAS mutations were detected in 27 (34.6%) cases, of which the majority (74.1%) were G>A transitions. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that KRAS G>A mutation was significantly associated with late stage (p = 0.025) and poor tumor differentiation (p = 0.035), when compared with wild‐type and other than G>A mutations. KRAS G>A mutation carriers were at increased risk for distant relapse (p = 0.022) and had significantly shorter overall survival (OS; log‐rank p = 0.045) and a trend toward shorter relapse‐free survival (RFS; log‐rank p = 0.062) when compared with those who did not carry the KRAS G>A mutation. In multivariate analyses, there was a significant correlation between ≥ 3 positive lymph nodes and poor OS (p < 0.001) and RFS (p = 0.001) and KRAS G>A mutation carriers demonstrated no effect on clinical outcome. In conclusion, KRAS G>A mutation correlates significantly with late stage and poor tumor differentiation in duodenal adenocarcinoma. Among patients who undergo a curative resection of duodenal adenocarcinoma, KRAS G>A mutation carriers will more likely experience distant relapse but may not exhibit a poor prognosis. The number of positive lymph nodes should be incorporated in future staging systems.
Identification of NUCKS1 as a colorectal cancer prognostic marker through integrated expression and copy number analysis
Authors: Kikuchi Akifumi , Ishikawa Toshiaki , Mogushi Kaoru , Ishiguro Megumi , Iida Satoru , Mizushima Hiroshi , Uetake Hiroyuki , Tanaka Hiroshi , Sugihara Kenichi 
Published: October 2012

AbstractWe identified a novel prognostic biomarker for the distant metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC) using comprehensive combined copy number and gene expression analyses. Expression of mRNA in CRC tissue was profiled in 115 patients using an Affymetrix Gene Chip, and copy number profiles were generated for 122 patients using an Affymetrix 250K Sty array. Genes showing both upregulated expression and copy number gains in cases involving distant CRC metastasis were extracted as candidate biomarkers. Expression of the candidate gene mRNA was validated in 86 patients using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assays. Expression of the protein encoded by the candidate gene was assessed using immunohistochemical staining of tissue from 269 patients. The relationship between protein expression and clinicopathologic features was also examined. Following combined copy number and gene expression analyses, three genes linked to distant metastasis of CRC were extracted as candidate biomarkers. The expression of NUCKS1, reportedly overexpressed in several cancers other than CRC, was significantly higher in CRC tissue than in normal tissue. Overexpression of the NUCKS1 protein in CRC cells was found to be associated with significantly worse overall survival and relapse‐free survival, indicating that NUCKS1 is an independent risk factor for CRC recurrence. The overexpression of NUCKS1 in cancer cells could be used as a CRC prognostic marker and might also be a target for treatment of this disease.
Liquid Crystalline Inorganic Nanosheet Colloids Derived From Layered Materials
Authors: Miyamoto Nobuyoshi , Nakato Teruyuki 
Published: October 2012

AbstractInorganic layered crystals such as clay minerals, layered niobates, and graphite are exfoliated in solvents to form colloidal dispersions of extremely thin inorganic nanosheets. Recently, the liquid crystal phases of these “nanosheet colloids” have been rediscovered and are attracting interest as new types of inorganic liquid crystals. The huge anisotropy of the mesogenic nanosheets compared to other liquid crystal systems is an important feature of the nanosheet liquid crystals for fundamental studies in the fields of colloid science and soft matter physics. In addition, the rich functionalities intrinsic to inorganic materials open a variety of applications such as smart colloids and composite materials with structural regularity. In this article, the recent progress of the emerging new materials of inorganic nanosheet liquid crystals is reviewed with a focus on the behaviors of each system, alignment by external field, and theoretical aspects.
Increased in vivo stability and functional lifetime of an implantable glucose sensor through platinum catalysis
Authors: Colvin Arthur E. , Jiang Hui 
Published: October 2012

AbstractUnderstanding and improving in vivo materials related to signal stability and preservation for active chemical sensor and biosensor transduction systems is critical in achieving implantable medical sensors for long‐term in vivo applications. During human in vivo clinical testing of an implantable glucose sensor based on a glucose sensitive hydrogel, post‐explant analysis showed that the boronate recognition element had been oxidized from the fluorescent indicator, causing a rapid loss of signal within hours after implant. Additional wet‐bench analytical evidence and reproduction in vitro suggests reactive oxygen species, particularly hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), stemming from natural inflammatory response to the material, to be the cause of the observed oxidative de‐boronation. A 3‐nm thick deposition of metallic platinum (Pt) placed by plasma sputtering onto the porous surface of the hydrogel, showed immediate protection from sensor signal loss due to oxidation both in vitro and in vivo, greatly extending the useful lifetime of the implantable glucose sensor from 1 day to an expected ≥6 months. This finding may represent a new strategy to protect an implanted material and/or device from in vivo oxidative damage, leading to much improved overall stability and reliability for long‐term applications. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2013.