bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A provably secure certificateless organizational signature schemes
Authors: Allam Ali M. , Ali Ihab A. , Mahgoub Shereen M. 
Published: August 2015

Summary‘Organization signature is a new variant of digital signature in organization transactions. It allows the employee in the organization to generate the message signature through his affiliation rather than his personal description. Certificateless public key cryptography solved the key escrow problem in identity‐based cryptography, and the certificate distribution in the traditional public key infrastructure. In this paper, we present a provable secure pairing‐free certificateless organizational signature scheme. Our scheme is more computationally efficient because it does not depend on pairings. The new scheme is provably secure in the random oracle model, assuming the hardness of elliptic curves discrete logarithm problem.’ Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How else can we study sex differences in early infancy?
Authors: Fausto‐Sterling Anne 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTThis paper revisits group difference and individual variability in birth weight, head size, Apgar score, and motor performance in neonatal and 8‐month‐old males and females using a large existing data set. The goal is primarily theoretical—to reframe existing analyses with an eye toward designing and executing more predictive analyses in the future. 3D graphing to visualize both the areas of overlap and regions of disparity between boys and girls has been used. A two‐step cluster analysis of boys and girls together revealed three clusters. One was almost equally divided between boys and girls, but a second was highly enriched for boys and the third highly skewed toward girls. The relationship between cluster membership and Bayley motor scores at 8 months tested the hypothesis that initial differences that have no sex‐related behavioral content might start processes that produce later sex‐related differences. Initially, parental belief systems may be less important than infant care patterns evoked by basic size and health characteristics, even though later parental behaviors assume a decidedly gendered pattern. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 58:5–16, 2016.
Picking and nibbling in children and adolescents with eating disorders
Authors: Kass Andrea E. , Accurso Erin C. , Goldschmidt Andrea B. , Anam Seeba , Byrne Catherine E. , Kinasz Kate , Goodyear Alexandria , O'Brien Setareh , Le Grange Daniel 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTObjective Picking and nibbling (P&N), defined as eating in an unplanned and repetitious way between meals and snacks, is prevalent among adults with eating disorders (EDs), but unexamined among youth with EDs. This study sought to assess the prevalence of P&N in youth with EDs and its association with ED and comorbid pathology.Method Youth (N = 515; ages 7–18) who presented to one outpatient ED research‐clinical program were assessed for ED and comorbid pathology.Results Two‐fifths (n = 214, 41.6%) of youth endorsed P&N. These individuals were older (p < .001) and had a higher percent expected body weight (p = .006) than those who denied P&N. Controlling for age and percent expected body weight, P&N was only associated with global ED pathology in youth with anorexia nervosa (AN) or atypical AN (p = .007). P&N was not associated with ED diagnosis, ED pathology in youth with bulimia nervosa or subclinical bulimia nervosa, binge eating, compensatory behaviors, secret eating, or the presence of a mood or anxiety disorder (p's > .05).Discussion Consistent with research in adults, P&N is prevalent but not significantly associated with ED pathology, except for global ED pathology in youth with AN/atypical AN, or comorbid disorders. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:1102–1105).
A naturalistic examination of the temporal patterns of affect and eating disorder behaviors in anorexia nervosa
Authors: Lavender Jason M. , Utzinger Linsey M. , Crosby Ross D. , Goldschmidt Andrea B. , Ellison Jo , Wonderlich Stephen A. , Engel Scott G. , Mitchell James E. , Crow Scott J. , Peterson Carol B. , Le Grange Daniel 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTObjectiveEvidence supports the presence of significant variability in the timing of affective experiences and eating disorder (ED) behaviors across ED populations. This study examined the naturalistic timing of affective states and ED behaviors in anorexia nervosa (AN).MethodsWomen (N = 118) with full or subthreshold DSM‐IV AN completed 2 weeks of ecological momentary assessment (EMA) involving self‐reports of affect and ED behaviors. Patterns of positive affect, negative affect, and tension/anxiety across hours of the day and days of the week were examined using linear mixed models. Variation in ED behavior occurrence (i.e., binge eating, vomiting, exercise, meal skipping, and self‐weighing) across hours of the day and days of the week was examined using general estimating equations.ResultsResults revealed significant variation in tension/anxiety across hours of the day; there were no significant associations between time of day and negative or positive affect. All affective variables significantly varied across days of the week, with both negative affect and tension/anxiety highest in the middle of the week and lowest on the weekends. The ED behaviors all significantly varied across hours of the day, with binge eating and vomiting most common in later hours, exercise and self‐weighing most common in earlier hours, and meal skipping most common at times corresponding to breakfast and lunch. ED behaviors did not significantly vary across days of the week.ConclusionThe significant patterns of variation in the timing of affective experiences and ED behaviors may have utility in informing theories and interventions for AN. (Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:77–83).
Context matters: sexual signaling loss in digital organisms
Authors: Weigel Emily G. , Testa Nicholas D. , Peer Alex , Garnett Sara C. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractSexual signals are important in attracting and choosing mates; however, these signals and their associated preferences are often costly and frequently lost. Despite the prevalence of signaling system loss in many taxa, the factors leading to signal loss remain poorly understood. Here, we test the hypothesis that complexity in signal loss scenarios is due to the context‐dependent nature of the many factors affecting signal loss itself. Using the Avida digital life platform, we evolved 50 replicates of ~250 lineages, each with a unique combination of parameters, including whether signaling is obligate or facultative; genetic linkage between signaling and receiving genes; population size; and strength of preference for signals. Each of these factors ostensibly plays a crucial role in signal loss, but was found to do so only under specific conditions. Under obligate signaling, genetic linkage, but not population size, influenced signal loss; under facultative signaling, genetic linkage does not have significant influence. Somewhat surprisingly, only a total loss of preference in the obligate signaling populations led to total signal loss, indicating that even a modest amount of preference is enough to maintain signaling systems. Strength of preference proved to be the strongest single force preventing signal loss, as it consistently overcame the potential effects of drift within our study. Our findings suggest that signaling loss is often dependent on not just preference for signals, population size, and genetic linkage, but also whether signals are required to initiate mating. These data provide an understanding of the factors (and their interactions) that may facilitate the maintenance of sexual signals.
Future goals of adolescents and young adults with chronic musculoskeletal pain
Authors: Stommen N.C. , Verbunt J.A. , Goossens M.E. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundChronic non‐specific musculoskeletal pain is a common problem among adolescents. This study investigates the importance of future goals and goal frustration for adolescents and young adults with chronic musculoskeletal pain compared to healthy adolescents. It also explores the impact that pain intensity, pain catastrophizing and depressive symptoms have on goal frustration for adolescents with chronic pain.MethodsUsing a cross‐sectional design, we compared the importance and frustration of future goals for 42 adolescents and young adults with chronic musculoskeletal pain (41 women, 1 man) to those of 42 adolescents without pain (35 women, 7 men). For the adolescents with chronic pain, we also examined levels of pain intensity, pain catastrophizing and depressive symptoms to assess their ability to explain goal frustration levels. Statistics included t‐tests, Mann–Whitney test and multivariate regression analysis.ResultsWe found no differences in the importance of future goals, except for goals related to health, which were more important for adolescents with chronic pain (p = 0.03). Furthermore, adolescents with chronic pain perceived higher levels of goal frustration in all domains, except that related to school (p = 0.16). Depression explained goal frustration related to personal values (p = 0.02), social acceptance (p < 0.01), self‐acceptance (p < 0.01) and health (p < 0.01).ConclusionsDealing with chronic pain in adolescence and early adulthood does not seem to change future goals, but is associated with perceiving barriers to achieving them. The level of depressive symptoms seems to influence this relationship. Some caution is required in generalizing the results due to the relatively low number of male participants.
Understanding patient beliefs regarding the use of imaging in the management of low back pain
Authors: Jenkins H.J. , Hancock M.J. , Maher C.G. , French S.D. , Magnussen J.S. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundImaging for low back pain (LBP) remains common despite guidelines recommending against routine imaging. Patient beliefs about imaging may contribute to the problem. This study aimed to quantitatively investigate patient beliefs regarding the need for imaging in managing LBP and to investigate whether personal characteristics, pain characteristics or back pain beliefs are associated with imaging beliefs.MethodsA survey was performed of consecutive patients presenting to general medical practitioners in Sydney, Australia. Nine medical clinics were selected across varied socioeconomic regions. Survey questions assessed beliefs about the importance of imaging for LBP, collected demographic information, LBP history and general beliefs about back pain. Descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyse findings.ResultsThree hundred completed surveys were collected with a 79.6% response rate. The mean age was 44 years and 60.7% of respondents were women. Exactly, 54.3% (95%CI: 48.7–58.9%) believed that imaging was necessary for the best medical care for LBP. Exactly, 48.0% (95%CI: 42.4–53.6%) believed that everyone with LBP should obtain imaging. Increased age, lower education level, non‐European or non‐Anglo‐saxon cultural background, history of previous imaging and Back Beliefs Questionnaire scores were associated with beliefs that imaging was necessary.ConclusionApproximately, half of all patients presenting to a medical doctor consider low back imaging to be necessary. This may have important implications for overutilization of low back imaging investigations. Knowledge of the factors associated with the patient's belief that imaging is necessary may be helpful in designing appropriate interventions to reduce unnecessary imaging for LBP.
Watching your pain site reduces pain intensity in chronic back pain patients
Authors: Diers M. , Löffler A. , Zieglgänsberger W. , Trojan J. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundChronic back pain (CBP) is a frequent debilitating and often treatment‐resistant disorder. The awareness of one's own body seems to be essential in pain reduction through visual input. Visual feedback of the back reduces experimental pain perception in CBP at this site and watching the back during repeated lumbar spine movements reduces movement‐evoked pain. In this study, we tested whether visual feedback alone can reduce habitual pain in CBP.MethodsIn a within‐subject design, 19 CBP patients participated in an online visual feedback condition, watching one's own back. This was compared to several control conditions, such as watching a neutral object (book), a video of another person of the same sex, a picture of the own back, and keeping one's eyes closed in randomized order on five separate days. In each experimental session, participants rated habitual pain intensity and unpleasantness before and after the experimental manipulation.ResultsWe present evidence that visual feedback by watching the site of chronic pain on a video screen alone is sufficient to reduce habitual chronic pain. No additional manipulation or movement was necessary.ConclusionsThese results suggest that online video feedback may be helpful in alleviating chronic pain.
Multivariate modeling of settling depth of apple fruit (Red Delicious variety) in water
Authors: Kheiralipour Kamran , Marzbani Farshid 
Published: August 2015

AbstractSettling depth of targets, with a density lower than the density of water, is a distance between water surface and a depth that the target reaches after dropping from a height. In this research, settling depth of apple was determined by a water column and a digital camera and then was experimentally modeled using multivariate regression program coded in MATLAB software. The considered parameters in multivariate modeling were physical characteristics (density, mass, and volume) and dropping height of the target. The characteristics were determined by standard methods. The best models were based on the density, dropping height and volume/mass with coefficient of determination (R2), and mean square error (MSE) of 0.90 and 4.08, respectively.
The angiogenic responses induced by release of angiogenic proteins from tumor cell‐activated platelets are regulated by distinct molecular pathways
Authors: Wu Hongyan , Fan Fangtian , Liu Zhaoguo , Zhang Feng , Liu Yuping , Wei Zhonghong , Shen Cunsi , Cao Yuzhu , Wang Aiyun , Lu Yin 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThere is mounting evidence that tumor angiogenesis can be regulated by platelets (Plts), which serve as major sources and delivery vehicles of many proangiogenic cytokines including transforming growth factor‐β and vascular endothelial growth factor. Although considerable progress has been made in understanding the role for Plt secretion in tumor angiogenesis, very little is known about the precise mechanisms underlying cancer cell induction of Plt granule release. Here, we demonstrated that nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells directly induced Plt secretion of several angiogenic regulatory cytokines that promoted angiogenesis in concert. Moreover, we discovered that these Plt‐derived angiogenesis modulators were regulated by different molecular pathways and could be largely inhibited by combination of multiple signaling inhibitors. Our present studies indicated that manipulation of Plt secretion of angiogenic cytokines without compromising hemostatic functions could provide a novel option for management of tumor angiogenesis and metastasis in NSCLC patients with thrombocytosis. © 2015 IUBMB Life, 67(8):626–633, 2015
Hybrid use of combined and sequential delivery of growth factors and ultrasound stimulation in porous multilayer composite scaffolds to promote both vascularization and bone formation in bone tissue engineering
Authors: Yan Haoran , Liu Xia , Zhu Minghua , Luo Guilin , Sun Tao , Peng Qiang , Zeng Yi , Chen Taijun , Wang Yingying , Liu Keliang , Feng Bo , Weng Jie , Wang Jianxin 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn this study, a multilayer coating technology would be adopted to prepare a porous composite scaffold and the growth factor release and ultrasound techniques were introduced into bone tissue engineering to finally solve the problems of vascularization and bone formation in the scaffold whilst the designed multilayer composite with gradient degradation characteristics in the space was used to match the new bone growth process better. The results of animal experiments showed that the use of low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) combined with growth factors demonstrated excellent capabilities and advantages in both vascularization and new bone formation in bone tissue engineering. The degradation of the used scaffold materials could match new bone formation very well. The results also showed that only RGD‐promoted cell adhesion was insufficient to satisfy the needs of new bone formation while growth factors and LIPUS stimulation were the key factors in new bone formation. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 195–208, 2016.
Physico‐chemical properties, antioxidant activities and antihypertensive effects of walnut protein and its hydrolysate
Authors: Wang Xiuming , Chen Haixia , Li Shuqin , Zhou Jiangchao , Xu Jiangtao 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDSome food proteins hydrolysates are found to possess multiple health effects. In this study, walnut protein (WP) was enzymatically hydrolysed by alcalase and trypsin under optimal conditions. The physico‐chemical properties, antioxidant and angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activities of WP, alcalase‐generated walnut protein hydrolysate (AWPH) and trypsin‐generated walnut protein hydrolysate (TWPH) were comparatively studied. Stability properties of the walnut protein hydrolysate (WPH) and the antihypertensive activity in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) were also investigated.RESULTSThe WPH showed higher physico‐chemical properties, antioxidant activities, ACE inhibitory activity and stability against thermal treatment and gastrointestinal digestion than WP. The results of antihypertensive effects in SHRs showed that the most potent decrease of AWPH and TWPH in the systolic blood pressure occurred at 4 h (−26 mmHg) and 6 h (−30 mmHg) after administration. The study indicated that the WPH could significantly decrease the systolic blood pressure (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONThe WPH exhibited high physico‐chemical properties, potent inhibitory activities and high stability. TWPH was more effective than AWPH in the detected properties. The results would be helpful for the comprehensive utilisation of the walnut resources. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Treatment patterns in inpatient depression care
Authors: von Wolff Alessa , Meister Ramona , Härter Martin , Kriston Levente 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis study aimed to identify latent patterns of treatment combinations in inpatient depression care. A secondary analysis of routinely collected data on inpatient depression treatment from 2133 patients was conducted. Exploratory latent class modeling was used to identify distinct classes of treatment combinations based on antidepressant medication, psychotherapeutic interventions, and additional treatments. The classes were compared with regard to patient characteristics and treatment outcomes. Eight different classes of inpatient treatment combinations could be identified: 22.8% of the patients were treated with a combination labelled “standard modern antidepressants”, 14.6% with “standard tricyclic antidepressants”, 12.2% with “high intensity innovative strategies”, 12.1% with “standard selective‐reuptake‐inhibitors”, and 11.6% with “low intensity”, 9.6% with “somatic”, 8.8% with “high intensity traditional”, and 8.3% with “high intensity psychosocial” care, respectively. Patients treated with different patterns of interventions differed statistically significantly regarding demographic and clinical characteristics. Responder rates ranged from 68.4% to 86.6% across treatment classes. The presented attempt of empirical modeling of a complex multifactorial intervention by means of latent class analysis proved to be a promising way of capturing the complexity of routine inpatient depression treatment. The identified classes of treatment combinations may provide relevant information for a re‐evaluation and improvement of inpatient depression treatment strategies. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitative theory for the longitudinal relaxation time of blood water
Authors: Li Wenbo , Grgac Ksenija , Huang Alan , Yadav Nirbhay , Qin Qin , van Zijl Peter C.M. 
Published: August 2015

PurposeTo propose and evaluate a model for the blood water T1 that takes into account the effects of hematocrit fraction, oxygenation fraction, erythrocyte hemoglobin concentration, methemoglobin fraction, and plasma albumin concentration.MethodsWhole blood and lysed blood T1 data were acquired at magnetic fields of 3 Tesla (T), 7T, 9.4T, and 11.7T using inversion‐recovery measurements and a home‐built blood circulation system for maintaining physiological conditions. A quantitative model was derived based on multivariable fitting of this data.ResultsFitting of the model to the data allowed determination of the different parameters describing the blood water T1 such as those for the diamagnetic and paramagnetic effects of albumin and hemoglobin, and the contribution of methemoglobin. The model correctly predicts blood T1 at multiple fields, as verified by comparison with existing literature.ConclusionThe model provides physical and physiological parameters describing the effects of hematocrit fraction, oxygenation, hemoglobin concentration, methemoglobin fraction, and albumin concentration on blood water T1. It can be used to predict blood T1 at multiple fields. Magn Reson Med 76:270–281, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Knowledge is power: why public knowledge matters to charities
Authors: Bourassa Maureen A. , Stang Abbey C. 
Published: August 2015

The nonprofit sector is grappling with public perceptions of trust, accountability, and transparency. From the perspective of the sector, public ratings of accountability and transparency are often lower than expected, and as a result, the public's trust and its ensuing support may be dwindling. What appears to be missing from these discussions, however, is the role of knowledge. Drawing on theories and frameworks from consumer behavior and advertising, this study anticipates knowledge will moderate the effects of trust, transparency, and accountability on public support. Using telephone survey data from 3853 members of the Canadian public, the findings of this study demonstrate that knowledge does in fact have a moderating effect—for those respondents who reported high levels of knowledge about the sector, measures of trust, accountability, and transparency reliably predicted donation amount and volunteer status over and above the effect of demographic variables. For those respondents who reported low levels of knowledge, donation amount and volunteer status were predicted by demographic variables alone.Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.