bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Virtual autism – a neurodevelopmental disorder or the result of parental neglect?
Authors: Kossewska Joanna Monika , Płoszaj Małgorzata 
Published: June 2024

Cel / przedmiotArtykuł przedstawia opis obserwowanego coraz częściej zjawiska o nazwie autyzm cyfrowy, związanego z nadmiernym korzystaniem dzieci z nowoczesnych urządzeń zawierających ekrany. Rodzice i profesjonaliści coraz częściej konfrontują się z negatywnymi skutkami długotrwałego narażenia dzieci na interakcję z elektronicznymi urządzeniami oraz na treści multimedialne niedostosowane do ich potrzeb rozwojowych.Metody i/lub materiałyMetodę zbierania danych stanowiło przeszukiwanie źródeł wtórnych, wobec których zastosowano racjonalną analizę treści. Artykuł przygotowano na podstawie najnowszej literatury psychologicznej dotyczącej zjawiska autyzmu cyfrowego oraz uwarunkowań zaburzeń ze spektrum autyzmu.Wyniki i/lub wnioskiW oparciu o literaturę przedmiotu dokonano analizy charakterystyki i uwarunkowań fenomenu autyzmu cyfrowego. Nie istnieje naukowy konsensus co do tego, czy i w jaki sposób ekspozycja na technologie cyfrowe może powodować autyzm cyfrowy, lecz nie można lekceważyć szkodliwego ich wpływu na przebieg rozwoju w okresie niemowlęctwa i średniego dzieciństwa. Ze względu na podobieństwo charakterystyk behawioralnych autyzm cyfrowy może być utożsamiany z zaburzeniami ze spektrum autyzmu, których genetyczne mechanizmy oraz implikacje rozwojowe zostały pokrótce opisane w celu zobrazowania różnic pomiędzy analizowanymi fenomenami. Choć czynniki neurorozwojowe mają kluczowe znaczenie dla autyzmu, a oddziaływania rodziców per se nie stanowią jego bezpośredniej przyczyny, to jednak zaniedbywanie dziecięcych potrzeb w istotny sposób może indukować zmiany rozwojowe. Środowisko społeczne i wczesne doświadczenia mogą wpływać także na manifestację i nasilenie objawów u osób z ASD.
Na zakończeniu przedstawiono postulaty dla praktyki rodzicielskiej, których realizacja może przyczynić się do obniżenia ryzyka autyzmu cyfrowego, a także do podniesienia potencjału rozwojowego współczesnych dzieci. Odpowiednie wsparcie i opiekuńcze środowisko mogą pozytywnie wpłynąć także na rozwój i dobrostan dzieci autystycznych.
Exploration on the Construction of Central Legal Services District
Authors: Ruan Xiaoying , Chen Songyuan 
Published: June 2024

The construction of the Central Legal District has risen from regional exploration to institutional innovation at the national level. Yet research on more than ten Central Legal Services District across the country has revealed that there exist such striking problems as prominent homogeneity of high-level planning; limitations for the providing of legal services; Imbalanced allocation of legal resources, and mediocre quality of legal services, etc.. On this basis, suggestions are proposed to strengthen the construction of legal districts and build superior legal affairs centre. Specifically, strengthening system planning and optimizing the layout of Central Legal Services District ; pooling efforts for the development of legal districts by collaborative innovation mechanism; utilizing talent advantages and expanding diverse supply entities; providing precise legal services by offering a comprehensive list of service items; and finally, strengthening institutional construction to improve work security mechanisms.
Impact of Corporate Soial Responsibility (CSR) on Tax Avoidance with the Moderating Role of Business Strategy: Evidence from Pakistan
Authors: Rehman Aamir Abdur , Mehmood Rana Muhammad Ayaz bin , Hussain Akmal 
Published: June 2024

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a fascinating topic since it is an essential element of the business’s strategy for increasing its worth from the perspective of investors. This study aims to examine the impact of corporate social responsibility on tax avoidance with the moderating role of business strategy in the context of Pakistan. The CSR spending ratio measures CSR, while tax avoidance is measured by GAAP ETR from 2016 to 2020. Data for this study was acquired from the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX), 120 listed nonfinancial firms. In this study, tax avoidance is the dependent variable, while CRS is the independent variable. Firm size, performance, leverage, dividend payout ratio, capital expenditure, and sales growth are all control variables for analyzing tax avoidance. The moderating variable in this study was business strategy, which has been utilized to assess the association between CRS and tax avoidance. Regression results of the random effect model (REM) show a significant positive relationship between the CSR spending ratio and tax payments at 10%, fixed effect model (FEM) at 5%, and generalized methods of moments (GMM) estimation at 1% level of significance respectively, indicating that firms with higher CSR spending are more likely to carry out tax payment activities. The findings also show a negative and significant (FEM and GMM at 5%, REM at 1%) relationship between business strategy and tax payment in non-financial firms listed on the PSX, indicating a positive relationship between business strategy and tax avoidance. The study examined that CSR and profitability have a positive impact on tax avoidance, whereas board size, leverage, and dividend payout ratio has an inverse relationship to tax avoidance. This study also explored that business strategy has positive moderates with the association of CRS and tax avoidance in the context of Pakistan.
PENGARUH MOTIVASI INTRINSIK DAN MOTIVASI EKSTRINSIK TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PT. BAWANA MARGATAMA
Authors: Sidik Rahmatullah , Pogo Tajuddin , Eddy Nugroho Rosalendro 
Published: June 2024

Sumber daya manusia memegang peranan yang sangat penting dalam sebuah organisasi. Sumber daya dalam hal ini terkait dengan kinerja karyawan. Salah satu faktor utama yang mempengaruhi kinerja karyawan adalah motivasinya dalam bekerja . Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh motivasi intrinsik dan motivasi ekstrinsik terhadap kinerja karyawan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif dengan populasi seluruh karyawan PT. Bawana Margatama yang bekerja di Head Office PT. Adira Multifinance, dengan menggunakan teknik pengambilan sampel non probality dengan sample jenuh, sehingga sample yang diambil sebanyak 47 responden. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis statistik dalam bentuk uji regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa secara partial dan simultan variabel motivasi intrinsik dan motivasi ekstrinsik berpengaruh terhadap kinerja karyawan PT. Bawana Margatama. Penelitian ini juga menunjukan bahwa motivasi intrinsik lebih berpengaruh terhadap kinerja karyawan PT. Bawana Margatama dibandingkan dengan motivasi ekstrinsik. Dengan diperolehnya hasil penelitian ini diharapkan perusahaan dapat terus menjaga dan meningkatkan kinerja karyawan melalui motivasi kerja, baik itu motivasi intrinsik maupun motivasi ekstrinsik.
Les manifestations de la dyslexie chez les élèves marocains
Authors: Bouya Younes , Hbabou Abdeslam 
Published: June 2024

Cet article explore les manifestations spécifiques de la dyslexie chez les enfants marocains, un sujet peu étudié dans la littérature scientifique. Au Maroc, le contexte linguistique multilingue et non formel pose des défis uniques pour l'identification et la prise en charge de la dyslexie, compte tenu de la coexistence de l'arabe standard, de l'arabe dialectal, du berbère, ainsi que de l'utilisation de langues étrangères telles que le français et l'anglais dans le système éducatif. Cette étude vise à combler une lacune importante dans la recherche sur la dyslexie dans des contextes multilingues, en se concentrant sur les caractéristiques phonologiques, orthographiques et linguistiques qui influencent l'apprentissage de la lecture chez les enfants marocains, d’une part, et en mettant l’accent sur un trouble nouvellement reconnu et étudié dans le cadre de l’école marocaine inclusive. Afin de dresser le tableau des manifestations de la dyslexie, nous avons mené une série d’observations et d'analyses qualitatives sur un échantillon de 45 élèves bilingues, âgés de 7 à 12 ans, provenant de différentes catégories sociales et de différents types d’écoles : les manifestations de la dyslexie différent d’une langue à une autre.
La deducción del imperativo categórico en la Ética de Fichte
Authors: Coletes Caubet Ramon 
Published: June 2024

El artículo investiga la cuestión de la validez moral. Analiza primero la explicación kantiana de la estructura moral a priori que permite entender la posibilidad de la ley moral como factum de la conciencia. A continuación, el artículo aclara el sentido de su deducción genética en Fichte. Se exponen los supuestos lógicos de la Doctrina de la Ciencia así como el método de la reflexión abstractiva que usa el filósofo para deducir genéticamente la ley moral desde el principio del Yo. Esta exposición permite destacar los aspectos más originales de la fundamentación fichteana de la moral.
On the Intuitive Value of Aesthetic Ideas: Pleasure and Knowledge in the Critique of the Power of Judgment
Authors: Zimmermann Clara 
Published: June 2024

While in the “Analytic of the Beautiful” of the third Critique Kant establishes an unequivocal distinction between aesthetic and cognitive judgments, in the context of the theory of Genius we find new elements that will enable us to discuss such antagonism between both type of judgments. As a matter of fact, Kant defines genius as the one possessing the “vivifying principle in the mind” which—by setting our cognitive faculties in motion—succeeds in exhibiting certain intuitive representations called “aesthetic ideas”. The latter are intuitions of the imagination that give much to think about, but against which no particular thought seems adequate. In this way, after analyzing the four moments of the pure judgment of taste, we will develop the notion of “aesthetic idea” within the framework of the Kantian theory of genius, drawing on the most recent interpretations of the subject. Ultimately, we will attempt to show that—although judgments of taste are not cognitive judgments— the third Critique presents important elements in order to evaluate to what extent aesthetic judgments contribute to cognition.

Si en la “Analítica de lo bello” de la tercera Crítica Kant establece una distinción tajante entre los juicios estéticos y los juicios de conocimiento, en el marco de la teoría del genio encontramos nuevos elementos que nos permitirán discutir tal antagonismo entre ambos tipos de juicio. En efecto, Kant define al genio como a aquel que posee el “principio vivificante del ánimo” que –al movilizar nuestras facultades de conocimiento— exhibe ciertas representaciones de tipo intuitivo denominadas “ideas estéticas”. Estas últimas son intuiciones de la imaginación que dan lugar a mucho pensar, pero para las cuales ningún pensamiento particular resulta adecuado. En este sentido, luego de analizar los cuatro momentos del juicio de gusto puro, intentaremos desarrollar la noción de “idea estética” en el marco de la teoría kantiana, apoyándonos en algunas de las interpretaciones más recientes sobre este tema. En última instancia, intentaremos mostrar que –a pesar de que los juicios de gusto no son juicios de conocimiento– la tercera Crítica presenta elementos importantes para evaluar en qué medida los juicios estéticos pueden contribuir a nuestro conocimiento.
Una magistratura finanziaria ateniese poco nota: i poristai
Authors: Usai Flavia 
Published: June 2024

Abstract A little-known Athenian financial magistracy: the poristai The essay examines the role of the poristai, a financial magistracy that functioned in Athens between the 5th and 4th centuries BC, and to which scholars have devoted scarce attention. The importance that Athens ascribed to the poroi was a central factor in its politics from as early as the 5th century. Management of the Athenian economy underwent a series of substantial changes from the end of the Peloponnesian War onwards, and since the state required increasingly specialized financial management skills, these authorities seem to have played a prominent role. The difficult economic situation that ensued from the Sicilian defeat of 413 had necessitated the creation of this unusual board of magistrates known as the poristai, whose unusual task was most likely that of administering public funds and state revenues. This essay focuses on references to the board in ancient sources, and on the often ‘technical’ use of the verb porizo, in order to shed light on the functions and identity of some of these magistrates, and on the possibility that this initially anomalous office gradually gained a permanent status during the 4th century.
The Association between Depression, Daytime Sleepiness, Chronotype and Fatigue among the Students
Authors: Soni Nishi , Jaiswal Saurabh , Kumar Sudhir , Malik Shalie , Rani Sangeeta 
Published: June 2024

Fatigue and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) are frequently conflated in everyday life, but they are separate concepts with distinct symptoms. Despite their potential to coexist or occur independently, their interplay with depression remains largely unexplored. This study investigates the complex relationship between fatigue, excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), and depression among students, aiming to unravel their relative associations. A cross-sectional survey of Indian school students (N=450) aged 11 to 20 (15.2±1.46) was analysed. The study used self-reported measures such as the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). The findings revealed significant associations between depression and various combinations of sleepiness and fatigue, with the E+F+ group showing the strongest correlation. Depression was significantly higher in excessive daytime sleepers (N= 165, 69.9%) (P < 0.001) and fatigue (N= 167, 70.8%) (p < 0.001). Depression was found positively correlated with fatigue (r =0.332, p < 0.001 and daytime sleepiness (r=0.213, p<0.001). Chronotype was found negatively correlated with fatigue (r=-0.124, p<0.001), daytime sleepiness (r=-0.105, p<0.05), and depression (r=-0.198, p<0.001). These findings underscore a significant association (p<0.001) between depression and the presence of both excessive daytime sleepiness and fatigue. This revelation demands a nuanced approach to mental health interventions, recognizing the shared underlying mechanisms and advocating for comprehensive strategies that address these intertwined facets of student well-being.
Políticas culturais emergenciais na pandemia da COVID-19? Demandas e estratégias de enfrentamento e as respostas dos poderes públicos
Authors: Canedo Daniele Pereira , Andrade Carlos Magno Diniz Guerra de , De Freitas Elizabeth Ponte , Campos Luiz Gustavo Santana , Carvalho Rosimeri 
Published: June 2024

A vulnerabilidade da economia criativa, que antecede a crise sanitária de 2020, tem tornado o contexto da pandemia ainda mais impactante para os segmentos artísticos, culturais e criativos. A paralisação das atividades não fez discriminação: afetou formais e informais; empreendimentos criativos de grande e pequeno porte; organizações e artistas que atuam em todas as etapas da cadeia produtiva: na produção, na distribuição e no consumo. Diante do contexto de crise, a atuação dos poderes públicos através da elaboração de políticas culturais emergenciais tem sido demandada pelos agentes do setor. Este artigo apresenta recursos, necessidades, e estratégias de enfrentamento apontadas pelos respondentes da pesquisa “Impactos da COVID-19 na Economia Criativa”, propondo reflexões sobre as primeiras respostas dos poderes públicos.
High Thermoelectric Efficiency of n‐type PbS
Authors: Wang Heng , Schechtel Eugen , Pei Yanzhong , Snyder G. Jeffrey 
Published: November 2012

AbstractPbS shares several features with the other lead chalcogenides PbX (X: Te, Se), which are good thermoelectric materials. PbS has a potential advantage in that it is quite earth abundant and inexpensive. In this work we tune the transport properties in n‐type, single‐phase polycrystalline PbS1‐xClx (x ≤ 0.008) with different carrier densities. Lead chloride provides a nearly 100% efficient doping control up to 1.2 × 1020 cm−3. The maximum zT achieved at 850 K is 0.7 with a predicted zT ∼ 1 at 1000 K. This is about twice as high as what was previously reported (∼0.4) for binary PbS. Compared with the other lead chalcogenides the higher effective mass and higher lattice thermal conductivity makes binary PbS an inferior thermoelectric material. However this study also predicts greater potential of zT improvement in PbS by material engineering such as alloying or nanostructuring compared to PbSe or PbTe. Considering their abundance and low cost, PbS based materials are quite competitive among the lead chalcogenides for thermoelectric applications.
Growth and weight status of rural Texas school youth
Authors: Duran Mary , Gillespie Joe , Malina Robert M. , Little Bertis B. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractContext:Evidence indicates higher prevalence of obesity in rural American youth. The present study evaluates the growth status and estimates the prevalence of overweight and obesity among rural school children in Texas.Methods:Heights and weights were measured in a sample of 1,084 school youth (545 males, 539 females) 5–19 years of age, in rural north central Texas in 2010. body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Growth status was plotted relative to US reference data. Weight status (underweight/thin, overweight, and obesity) was classified relative to age‐ and sex‐specific Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) criteria. Concordance of classifications was evaluated.Results:Mean heights of the rural children approximated reference medians, while median weights exceeded reference medians and approximated 75th percentiles with increasing age. Median BMIs of boys and girls were below the 75th percentiles except among late adolescent girls. Prevalence of underweight/thinness was low (<4%). Overweight approximated 20% among boys 6–11 years and 16% among boys 12–19 years with CDC criteria; the opposite was apparent for obesity, 6–11 years, 16%, and 12–19 years, 20%. Approximately, equal percentages of boys in both age groups were classified overweight (∼21–22%) with IOTF criteria, but almost twice as many older (15%) than younger (8%) boys were classified obese. Overweight was less prevalent (∼5%) but obesity more prevalent (∼5%) with CDC compared to IOTF criteria, but both were less prevalent among younger than older girls.Conclusion:Prevalence of overweight and obesity among rural Texas school youth was comparable to national estimates for 2007–2008. The results highlight a need for programs aimed at preventing unhealthy weight gain and/or weight reduction given the tendency of obesity to track from childhood into adulthood and potentially negative health consequences of obesity. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Upregulation of Bcl‐2 in nasal polyps from patients with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Scapa Victor I. , Ramakrishnan Vijay R. , Kingdom Todd T. 
Published: November 2012

BackgroundNasal polyps in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) are believed to be phenotypically different than polyps affecting non‐CF patients. The aim of this study was to investigate differences in cell cycle regulatory mechanisms between these 2 groups. In this prospective study at a tertiary care academic medical center, multiple techniques were used to confirm the upregulation of antiapoptotic Bcl‐2 family proteins in CF polyps.MethodsNasal polyps were prospectively obtained from CF and non‐CF patients. The Sigma Panorama Protein Microarray for Cell Signaling was used to identify differences in protein expression between the 2 polyp groups. Western blot analysis confirmed altered expression of a subset of these proteins. Immunohistochemical staining was performed on archived tissue to further investigate B‐cell lymphoma 2 protein (Bcl‐2) expression. Following review by a pathologist, slides were digitized using an Aperio™ ScanScope XT system and staining intensity was quantified with the Positive Pixel Count algorithm. The mean staining intensity for each polyp group was compared.ResultsThe protein microarray suggested a greater than 2‐fold upregulation of Bcl‐xl in CF polyps relative to non‐CF polyps. Western blot analysis confirmed the upregulation in CF polyps of Bcl‐2, a more commonly studied protein analog of Bcl‐xl. The CF polyp group was noted to have a higher quantitative intensity of immunohistochemical staining for Bcl‐2 compared to the non‐CF group (p < 0.05).ConclusionThrough multiple modalities of protein investigation, we have demonstrated an upregulation of Bcl‐2 family proteins in CF polyps relative to polyps from non‐CF patients.
Risk factors and outcomes for primary, revision, and modified Lothrop (Draf III) frontal sinus surgery
Authors: Naidoo Yuresh , Bassiouni Ahmed , Keen Mark , Wormald Peter‐John 
Published: November 2012

BackgroundThe purpose of this level 4, retrospective cohort study was to detail the outcomes of primary, revision, and endoscopic modified Lothrop procedure (EMLP) (Draf III) frontal sinus surgery and evaluate whether risk factors would help determine which patients would benefit from which procedures.MethodsThe study used a retrospective chart review. Endoscopic assessment of frontal ostium patency and patient reported symptoms were prospectively collected on patients who underwent frontal sinusotomy between January 2003 and December 2009. High‐risk cohorts were studied to assess their response to standard endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) compared with EMLP.ResultsA total of 339 patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria underwent either primary or revision endoscopic frontal sinus surgery. The average ± standard deviation (SD) length of follow‐up was 20.8 ± 18.7 (95% confidence interval [CI], 18.0–22.9) months. Postsurgical recurrence of disease with persistence of symptoms requiring an EMLP occurred in 9 patients in the primary group and 38 in the revision group. The highest risk groups for failure of standard frontal sinusotomy were patients with nasal polyps, asthma, Lund‐Mackay score >16, and frontal ostium size <4 mm (relative risk = 9.9, p < 0.0001).ConclusionPatients with underlying asthma and polyposis as well as narrow frontal ostia and extensive radiological disease have a high failure rate from standard endoscopic frontal sinusotomy. In this patient group consideration should be given to offering the patient a primary EMLP procedure, which has excellent success rates with low risks and low morbidity.