bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
corRECTreatment: A web-based decision support tool for rectal cancer treatment that uses the analytic hierarchy process and decision tree
Authors: Dicle O. , Sökmen S. , Çelikoğlu C.C. , Suner A. , Karakülah G. 
Published: February 2015

SummaryBackground: The selection of appropriate rectal cancer treatment is a complex multi-criteria decision making process, in which clinical decision support systems might be used to assist and enrich physicians’ decision making.Objective: The objective of the study was to develop a web-based clinical decision support tool for physicians in the selection of potentially beneficial treatment options for patients with rectal cancer.Methods: The updated decision model contained 8 and 10 criteria in the first and second steps respectively. The decision support model, developed in our previous study by combining the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method which determines the priority of criteria and decision tree that formed using these priorities, was updated and applied to 388 patients data collected retrospectively. Later, a web-based decision support tool named corRECTreatment was developed. The compatibility of the treatment recommendations by the expert opinion and the decision support tool was examined for its consistency. Two surgeons were requested to recommend a treatment and an overall survival value for the treatment among 20 different cases that we selected and turned into a scenario among the most common and rare treatment options in the patient data set.Results: In the AHP analyses of the criteria, it was found that the matrices, generated for both decision steps, were consistent (consistency ratio<0.1). Depending on the decisions of experts, the consistency value for the most frequent cases was found to be 80% for the first decision step and 100% for the second decision step. Similarly, for rare cases consistency was 50% for the first decision step and 80% for the second decision step.Conclusions: The decision model and corRECTreatment, developed by applying these on real patient data, are expected to provide potential users with decision support in rectal cancer treatment processes and facilitate them in making projections about treatment options.Citation: Suner A, Karakülah G, Dicle O, Sökmen S, Çelikoglu CC. corRECTreatment: A web-based decision support tool for rectal cancer treatment that uses the analytic hierarchy process and decision tree. Appl Clin Inf 2015; 6: 56–74http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2014-10-RA-0087
Generic along‐strike segmentation of Afar normal faults, East Africa: Implications on fault growth and stress heterogeneity on seismogenic fault planes
Authors: Manighetti I. , Caulet C. , De Barros L. , Perrin C. , Cappa F. , Gaudemer Y. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractUnderstanding how natural faults are segmented along their length can provide useful insights into fault growth processes, stress distribution on fault planes, and earthquake dynamics. We use cumulative displacement profiles to analyze the two largest scales of segmentation of ∼900 normal faults in Afar, East Africa. We build upon a prior study by Manighetti et al. (2009) and develop a new signal processing method aimed at recovering the number, position, displacement, and length of both the major (i.e., longest) and the subordinate, secondary segments within the faults. Regardless of their length, age, geographic location, total displacement, and slip rate, 90% of the faults contain two to five major segments, whereas more than 70% of these major segments are divided into two to four secondary segments. In each hierarchical rank of fault segmentation, most segments have a similar proportional length, whereas the number of segments slightly decreases with fault structural maturity. The along‐strike segmentation of the Afar faults is thus generic at its two largest scales. We summarize published fault segment data on 42 normal, reverse, and strike‐slip faults worldwide, and find a similar number (two to five) of major and secondary segments across the population. We suggest a fault growth scenario that might account for the generic large‐scale segmentation of faults. The observation of a generic segmentation suggests that seismogenic fault planes are punctuated with a deterministic number of large stress concentrations, which are likely to control the initiation, arrest and hence extent and magnitude of earthquake ruptures.
Multiscale study of electron energization during unsteady reconnection events
Authors: Ashour‐Abdalla Maha , Lapenta Giovanni , Walker Raymond J. , El‐Alaoui Mostafa , Liang Haoming 
Published: February 2015

AbstractUnderstanding particle acceleration in the magnetotail during substorms requires knowledge of changes in the global magnetospheric configuration and the local regions of intense fields and microinstabilities caused by processes associated with reconnection. We simulated a substorm on 15 February 2008 by coupling the University of California, Los Angeles global magnetohydrodynamic simulation code and a two‐dimensional version of the iPIC3D implicit particle‐in‐cell code. The MHD code provides realistic initial and boundary conditions for the particle‐in‐cell (PIC) code, while the PIC code models the reconnection and evolution of the dipolarization front (DF) self‐consistently with full kinetic physics. In the PIC simulation, after a few seconds, an active X point forms and DF‐like structures form about every 2 s and propagate earthward. In the near‐Earth tail, the earthward moving fronts combine to form thicker structures. The presence of the macroscopic‐scale magnetic field, featuring a significant dipolar component nearer the Earth, affects the reconnection process, chocking the flow that cannot freely propagate earthward, causing the production of multiple repeating DFs. In the region away from the equator and equatorward of the separatrices, the DFs become associated with a series of spatial stripes that are visible in the electron temperature and the magnetic and electric fields and are also caused by the unsteady nature of the process of reconnection. The electrons are preferentially accelerated in the dipolarization region in the extension of the dipolarization field lines to high latitudes and reach energies of 100 keV or more. A streaming instability may be responsible for the parallel acceleration. This acceleration of the plasma associated with the DFs is greater than that occurring near the X point for this substorm.
Total electron content in the Martian atmosphere: A critical assessment of the Mars Express MARSIS data sets
Authors: Sánchez‐Cano B. , Morgan D. D. , Witasse O. , Radicella S. M. , Herraiz M. , Orosei R. , Cartacci M. , Cicchetti A. , Noschese R. , Kofman W. , Grima C. , Mouginot J. , Gurnett D. A. , Lester M. , Blelly P.‐L. , Opgenoorth H. , Quinsac G. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe total electron content (TEC) is one of the most useful parameters to evaluate the behavior of the Martian ionosphere because it contains information on the total amount of free electrons, the main component of the Martian ionospheric plasma. The Mars Express Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionosphere Sounding (MARSIS) radar is able to derive TEC from both of its operation modes: (1) the active ionospheric sounding (AIS) mode and (2) the subsurface mode. TEC estimates from the subsurface sounding mode can be computed from the same raw data independently using different algorithms, which should yield similar results. Significant differences on the dayside, however, have been found from two of the algorithms. Moreover, both algorithms seem also to disagree with the TEC results from the AIS mode. This paper gives a critical, quantitative, and independent assessment of these discrepancies and indicates the possible uncertainty of these databases. In addition, a comparison between the results given by the empirical model of the Martian ionosphere developed by Sánchez‐Cano et al. (2013) and the different data sets has been performed. The main result is that for solar zenith angles higher than 75°, where the maximum plasma frequency is typically small compared with the radar frequencies, the two subsurface algorithms can be confidently used. For solar zenith angles less than 75°, where the maximum plasma frequency is very close to the radar frequencies, both algorithms suffer limitations. Nevertheless, despite the solar zenith angle restrictions, the dayside TEC of one of the two algorithms is consistent with the modeled TEC.
Effect of glacial drainage water on the CO2 system and ocean acidification state in an Arctic tidewater‐glacier fjord during two contrasting years
Authors: Fransson Agneta , Chierici Melissa , Nomura Daiki , Granskog Mats A. , Kristiansen Svein , Martma Tõnu , Nehrke Gernot 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIn order to investigate the effect of glacial water on the CO2 system in the fjord, we studied the variability of the total alkalinity (AT), total dissolved inorganic carbon (CT), dissolved inorganic nutrients, oxygen isotopic ratio (δ18O), and freshwater fractions from the glacier front to the outer Tempelfjorden on Spitsbergen in winter 2012 (January, March, and April) and 2013 (April) and summer/fall 2013 (September). The two contrasting years clearly showed that the influence of freshwater, mixing, and haline convection affected the chemical and physical characteristics of the fjord. The seasonal variability showed the lowest calcium carbonate saturation state (Ω) and pH values in March 2012 coinciding with the highest freshwater fractions. The highest Ω and pH were found in September 2013, mostly due to CO2 uptake during primary production. Overall, we found that increased freshwater supply decreased Ω, pH, and AT. On the other hand, we observed higher AT relative to salinity in the freshwater end‐member in the mild and rainy winter of 2012 (1142 μmol kg−1) compared to AT in 2013 (526 μmol kg−1). Observations of calcite and dolomite crystals in the glacial ice suggested supply of carbonate‐rich glacial drainage water to the fjord. This implies that winters with a large amount of glacial drainage water partly provide a lessening of further ocean acidification, which will also affect the air‐sea CO2 exchange.
Projection of Indian summer monsoon climate in 2041–2060 by multiregional and global climate models
Authors: Niu Xiaorui , Wang Shuyu , Tang Jianping , Lee Dong‐Kyou , Gutowski William , Dairaku Koji , McGregor John , Katzfey Jack , Gao Xuejie , Wu Jia , Hong Songyou , Wang Yuqing , Sasaki Hidetaka 
Published: February 2015

AbstractUsing the results from three global climate models (GCMs) and seven regional climate models (RCMs), summer monsoon climate changes during 2041–2060 over Indian Peninsula are projected based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change A1B emission scenario. For the control climate of 1981–2000, most nested RCMs can improve the temporal‐spatial distributions of temperature and precipitation over Indian Peninsula compared to the driving GCM of European Centre/Hamburg Fifth Generation (ECHAM5). Most nested RCMs produce advanced monsoon onset for control climate, which is similar to the result of driving GCM of ECHAM5. For future climate widespread summer warming is projected over Indian Peninsula by all climate models, with the Multi‐RCMs ensemble mean (MME) temperature increasing of 1°C to 2.5°C and the maximum warming center located in northern Indian Peninsula. The disagreement in precipitation changes projected by RCMs indicates that the surface climate change on regional scale is not only dominated by the large‐scale forcing which is provided by driving GCM but also sensitive to RCM' internal physics. Overall, wetter condition is shown in MME with significant increase of monsoon rainfall over southern India, with intermodel spread ranging from −8.9% to 14.8%. Driven by same GCM, most RCMs project advanced monsoon onset while delayed onset is found in two Regional Climate Model (RegCM3) projections, indicating uncertainty can be expected in the Indian Summer Monsoon onset. All climate models except Conformal‐Cubic Atmospheric Model with equal resolution (referred as CCAMP) and two RegCM3 models project stronger summer monsoon during 2041–2060.
Adaptive stabilization of neutral systems with nonlinear perturbations and mixed time‐varying delays
Authors: Tahoun A. H. 
Published: February 2015

SummaryThis paper addresses the stabilization problem of neutral systems. The neutral systems assumed to be subjected to nonlinear perturbations and mixed time‐varying delays. Specifically, the adaptive control method is used to stabilize the unknown neutral systems. If the system states and the delayed states with its derivatives are available for measurement, a new and less conservative adaptive control algorithm is proposed, and sufficient conditions for the existence of the adaptive control are derived based on Lyapunov's stability theory. The main idea is to make all the stability conditions of the system depend on desired arbitrary matrices, not on the given system matrices. This is accomplished by the adaptation process. Illustrative examples with numerical simulations are studied. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed design methods. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Spirocyclic Oxindole‐Fused Tetrahydrothiophenes via N,N′‐Dioxide–Nickel(II) Catalyzed Domino Reaction of 1,4‐Dithiane‐2,5‐diol with 3‐Alkenyloxindoles
Authors: Zhou Pengfei , Cai Yunfei , Lin Lili , Lian Xiangjin , Xia Yong , Liu Xiaohua , Feng Xiaoming 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA highly efficient chiral N,N′‐dioxide–nickel(II) complex system has been developed to catalyze the domino thia‐Michael/aldol reaction of 1,4‐dithiane‐2,5‐diol with 3‐alkenyloxindoles. A series of the desired spirocyclic oxindole‐fused tetrahydrothiophenes was obtained in good yields with excellent ee and dr (up to 97% yield, 98% ee, >19:1 dr). Besides, based on the X‐ray crystal structure of the catalyst as well as the absolute configuration of the product, a catalytic model was proposed to explain the stereocontrol process.magnified image
[Ag21{S2P(OiPr)2}12]+: An Eight‐Electron Superatom
Authors: Dhayal Rajendra S. , Liao Jian‐Hong , Liu Yu‐Chiao , Chiang Ming‐His , Kahlal Samia , Saillard Jean‐Yves , Liu C. W. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA novel discrete [Ag21{S2P(OiPr)2}12](PF6) nanocluster has been synthesized and characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and also NMR spectroscopy (1H, 31P), ESI mass spectrometry, and other analytic techniques (XPS, EDS, UV/Vis spectroscopy). The Ag21 skeleton has an unprecedented silver‐centered icosahedron that is capped by eight additional metal atoms. The whole framework is protected by twelve dithiophosphate ligands. According to the spherical Jellium model, the stability of monocationic nanocluster can be described by an 8‐electron superatom with 1S2 1P6 configuration, as confirmed by DFT calculations.
Self‐Sustained Cycle of Hydrolysis and Etching at Solution/Solid Interfaces: A General Strategy To Prepare Metal Oxide Micro‐/Nanostructured Arrays for High‐Performance Electrodes
Authors: Zhang Yingmeng , Zhang Weixin , Yang Zeheng , Gu Heyun , Zhu Qing , Yang Shihe , Li Mei 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAssembling micro‐/nanostructured arrays on conducting substrates allows the integration of multiple functionalities into modern electronic devices. Herein, a novel self‐sustained cycle of hydrolysis and etching (SCHE) is exploited to selectively synthesize an extensive series of metal oxide micro‐/nanostructured arrays on a wide range of metal substrates, establishing the generality and efficacy of the strategy. To demonstrate the potential application of this method, the as‐prepared NiO porous nanobelt array was directly used as the anode for lithium‐ion batteries, exhibiting excellent capacity and rate capability. Conclusively, the SCHE strategy offers a systematic approach to design metal oxide micro‐/nanostructured arrays on metal substrates, which are valuable not only for lithium‐ion batteries but also for other energy conversion and storage systems and electronic devices at large.
Cooperative Catalysis: Enantioselective Propargylic Alkylation of Propargylic Alcohols with Enecarbamates Using Ruthenium/Phosphoramide Hybrid Catalysts
Authors: Senda Yasushi , Nakajima Kazunari , Nishibayashi Yoshiaki 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe diastereo‐ and enantioselective propargylic alkylation of propargylic alcohols with E‐enecarbamates in the presence of a catalytic amount of thiolate‐bridged diruthenium complexes bearing an optically active phosphoramide moiety gives the corresponding propargylic alkylated products (up to 97 % ee).
Diskrete Magnesiumhydrid‐Aggregate: ein kationischer Mg13H18‐Cluster, stabilisiert durch einen NNNN‐Makrocyclus
Authors: Martin Daniel , Beckerle Klaus , Schnitzler Silvia , Spaniol Thomas P. , Maron Laurent , Okuda Jun 
Published: February 2015

AbstractGroße Magnesiumhydrid‐Aggregate [Mg13(Me3TACD)6(μ2‐H12)(μ3‐H6)][A]2 ((Me3TACD)H=1,4,7‐Trimethyl‐1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecan; A=AlEt4, AlnBu4, B{3,5‐(CF3)2C6H3}4) wurden schrittweise aus Alkylkomplexen [Mg2(Me3TACD)R3] (R=Et, nBu) und Phenylsilan in Gegenwart von zusätzlichen MgII‐Ionen synthetisiert. Das zentrale Magnesiumatom ist wie in festem α‐MgH2 vom Rutil‐Typ oktaedrisch von sechs Hydriden koordiniert. Weitere Koordination zu sechs Magnesiumatomen führt zu einer Unterstruktur mit sieben eckenverknüpften Oktaedern, ähnlich einer hexagonalen Schicht von Brucit (Mg(OH)2). Durch Protonolyse in Gegenwart von 1,2‐Dimethoxyethan (DME) wurde dieser Cluster zu dem vierkernigen Dikation [Mg2(Me3TACD)(μ‐H)2(DME)]2[A]2 abgebaut.
Sunlight‐Driven Formation and Dissociation of a Dynamic Mixed‐Valence Thallium(III)/Thallium(I) Porphyrin Complex
Authors: Ndoyom Victoria , Fusaro Luca , Dorcet Vincent , Boitrel Bernard , Le Gac Stéphane 
Published: February 2015

AbstractInspired by a Newton’s cradle device and interested in the development of redox‐controllable bimetallic molecular switches, a mixed‐valence thallium(III)/thallium(I) bis‐strap porphyrin complex, with TlIII bound out of the plane of the N core and TlI hung to a strap on the opposite side, was formed by the addition of TlOAc to the free base and exposure to indirect sunlight. In this process, oxygen photosensitization by the porphyrin allows the oxidation of TlI to TlIII. The bimetallic complex is dynamic as the metals exchange their positions symmetrically to the porphyrin plane with TlIII funneling through the macrocycle. Further exposure of the complex to direct sunlight leads to thallium dissociation and to total recovery of the free base. Hence, the porphyrin plays a key role at all stages of the cycle of the complex: It hosts two metal ions, and by absorbing light, it allows the formation and dissociation of TlIII. These results constitute the basis for the further design of innovative light‐driven bimetallic molecular devices.
Ein hochgradig stabilisierendes Silber(I)‐vermitteltes Basenpaar in paralleler DNA
Authors: Sinha Indranil , Fonseca Guerra Célia , Müller Jens 
Published: February 2015

AbstractErstmals wurde eine parallele DNA‐Doppelhelix mit Hoogsteen‐Basenpaarung erzeugt, die bereitwillig ein Ag+‐Ion in ein internes Fehlpaar unter Bildung eines metallvermittelten Basenpaares aufnimmt. Hierzu wurde das hochgradig stabilisierende6 FP‐Ag+‐6 FP‐Basenpaar entwickelt, das die künstliche Nucleobase 6‐Furylpurin (6 FP) enthält. Eine Kombination aus temperaturabhängiger UV‐Spektroskopie, CD‐Spektroskopie und DFT‐Rechnungen wurde angewendet, um die Bildung dieses Basenpaares zu bestätigen. Die Nucleobase6 FPkann metallvermittelte Basenpaare sowohl über die Watson‐Crick‐Seite (d. h. in regulärer antiparalleler DNA) als auch über die Hoogsteen‐Seite (d. h. in paralleler DNA) bilden, abhängig von der Oligonucleotidsequenz und den experimentellen Bedingungen. Bei dem6 FP‐Ag+‐6 FP‐Basenpaar in paralleler DNA handelt es sich um das am stärksten stabilisierende Ag+‐vermittelte Basenpaar in einer Nucleinsäure, über das bisher berichtet wurde, mit einem Anstieg der Schmelztemperatur um fast 15 °C beim Binden eines Ag+‐Ions.
A Facile Synthetic Route to a New SHG Material with Two Types of Parallel π‐Conjugated Planar Triangular Units
Authors: Song Jun‐Ling , Hu Chun‐Li , Xu Xiang , Kong Fang , Mao Jiang‐Gao 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA new SHG material, namely, Pb2(BO3)(NO3), which contains parallel π‐conjugated nitrate and borate anions, was obtained through a facile hydrothermal reaction by using Pb(NO3)2 and Mg(BO2)2⋅H2O as starting materials. Its structure contains honeycomb [Pb2(BO3)]∞ layers with noncoordination [NO3]− anions located at the interlayer space. Pb2(BO3)(NO3) shows a remarkable strong SHG response of approximately 9.0 times that of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) and the material is also phase‐matchable. The large SHG coefficient of Pb2(BO3)(NO3) arises from the synergistic effect of the stereoactive lone pairs on Pb2+ cations and parallel alignment of π‐conjugated BO3 and NO3 units. Based on its unique properties, Pb2(BO3)(NO3) may have great potential as a high performance NLO material in photonic applications.
Controlling the Selective Formation of Calcium Sulfate Polymorphs at Room Temperature
Authors: Tritschler Ulrich , Van Driessche Alexander E. S. , Kempter Andreas , Kellermeier Matthias , Cölfen Helmut 
Published: February 2015

AbstractCalcium sulfate is a naturally abundant and technologically important mineral with a broad scope of applications. However, controlling CaSO4 polymorphism and, with it, its final material properties still represents a major challenge, and to date there is no universal method for the selective production of the different hydrated and anhydrous forms under mild conditions. Herein we report the first successful synthesis of pure anhydrite from solution at room temperature. We precipitated calcium sulfate in alcoholic media at low water contents. Moreover, by adjusting the amount of water in the syntheses, we can switch between the distinct polymorphs and fine‐tune the outcome of the reaction, yielding either any desired CaSO4 phase in pure state or binary mixtures with predefined compositions. This concept provides full control over phase selection in CaSO4 mineralization and may allow for the targeted fabrication of corresponding materials for use in various areas.
Highly Enantioselective Adsorption of Small Prochiral Molecules on a Chiral Intermetallic Compound
Authors: Prinz Jan , Gröning Oliver , Brune Harald , Widmer Roland 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIntrinsically chiral surfaces of intermetallic compounds are shown to be novel materials for enantioselective processes. Their advantage is the significantly higher thermal and chemical stability, and therefore their extended application range for catalyzed chiral reactions compared to surfaces templated with chiral molecular modifiers or auxiliaries. On the Pd1‐terminated PdGa(111) surface, room‐temperature adsorption of a small prochiral molecule (9‐ethynylphenanthrene) leads to exceptionally high enantiomeric excess ratios of up to 98 %. Our findings highlight the great potential of intrinsically chiral intermetallic compounds for the development of novel, enantioselective catalysts that can be operated at high temperatures and potentially also in harsh chemical environments.