bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lymphoid Structure Presenting as a Hypermetabolic Adrenal Incidentaloma
Authors: Gilis Xavier , Servais Thomas , Pierman Guillaume , Nollevaux Marie-Cécile , Delgrange Etienne 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Adrenal incidentalomas are a frequent cause for consultation in endocrinology. Current guidelines provide an algorithm for their evaluation to determinate the risk of hormonally active or malignant condition. We report a unique case of benign adrenal incidentaloma in a 53-year-old woman with multiple malignancy criteria on contrast-free computed tomography and [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography–computed tomography, leading to a left adrenalectomy. Histopathologic analysis showed a 15-mm intra-adrenal lymphoid organ localized in the medulla, without any cellular atypia and organized with a capsule and multiple germinal centers. The surrounding adrenal tissue was unremarkable, and the patient did not develop any inflammatory, infectious, or neoplastic disease during the 2 following years. This is the first described case of a well-organized intra-adrenal ectopic lymphoid organ in the absence of any evident stimulus.
Two-Step Quadratic Programming for Physically Meaningful Smoothing of Longitudinal Vehicle Trajectories
Authors: Fan Ximeng , Jin Wen-Long , Yin Penghang 
Published: August 2024

Longitudinal vehicle trajectories suffer from errors and noise because of detection and extraction techniques, challenging their applications. Existing smoothing methods either lack physical meaning or cannot ensure solution existence and uniqueness. To address this, we propose a two-step quadratic programming method that aligns smoothed speeds and higher-order derivatives with physical laws, drivers’ behaviors, and vehicle characteristics. Unlike the well-known smoothing splines method, which minimizes a weighted sum of discrepancy and roughness in a single quadratic programming problem, our method incorporates prior knowledge of position errors into two sequential quadratic programming problems. Step 1 solves half-smoothed positions by minimizing the discrepancy between them and raw positions, subject to physically meaningful bounds on speeds and higher-order derivatives of half-smoothed positions. Step 2 solves smoothed positions by minimizing the roughness while maintaining physically meaningful bounds and allowing the deviations from raw data of smoothed positions by at most those of the half-smoothed positions and prior position errors. The second step’s coefficient matrix is not positive definite, necessitating the matching of the first few smoothed positions with corresponding half-smoothed ones, with equality constraints equaling the highest order of derivatives. We establish the solution existence and uniqueness for both problems, ensuring their well-defined nature. Numerical experiments using Next Generation Simulation (NGSIM) data demonstrate that a third-order derivative constraint yields an efficient method and produces smoothed trajectories comparable with manually re-extracted ones, consistent with the minimum jerk principle for human movements. Comparisons with an existing approach and application to the Highway Drone data set further validate our method’s efficacy. Notably, our method is a postprocessing smoothing technique based on trajectory data and is not intended for systematic errors. Future work will extend this method to lateral vehicle trajectories and trajectory prediction and planning for both human-driven and automated vehicles. This approach also holds potential for broader smoothing problems with known average error in raw data. History: This paper has been accepted for the Transportation Science Special Issue on ISTTT25 Conference. Funding: The authors extend their gratitude to the Pacific Southwest Region University Transportation Center and the University of California Institute of Transportation Studies (UC ITS) Statewide Transportation Research Program (STRP) for their valuable financial support.
Feasibility of individualized home exercise programs for patients with head and neck cancer–study protocol and first results of a multicentre single-arm intervention trial (OSHO #94)
Authors: Felser Sabine , Rogahn Julia , Glass Änne , Bonke Lars Arne , Strüder Daniel Fabian , Stolle Jana , Schulze Susann , Blaurock Markus , Kriesen Ursula , Junghanss Christian , Grosse-Thie Christina 
Published: August 2024

Introduction
Patients with head and neck cancer (PwHNC) benefit from targeted exercise interventions: symptom relief, compensation for dysfunction, improvement in quality of life (QoL). Data on acceptance physical interventions in PwHNC are rare. The ‘OSHO #94’ trial investigates the short- and medium-term effects of individualized home exercise in PwHNC on QoL, physical activity and functionality. The study includes a feasibility phase (proof of concept) in order to evaluate the acceptance. Here we present the study protocol as well as the feasibility results.

Methods and analysis
This prospective, multicentre, single-arm intervention study includes PwHNC ≥18 years of age in aftercare or palliative care with stable remission under immunotherapy. The study opened in January 01, 2021, with estimated completion by December 31, 2024. The PwHNC receive an individualized home exercise program consisting of mobilization, coordination, strengthening and stretching exercises. This should be carried out at least three times a week over 12 weeks for 15 to 30 minutes, supplemented by aerobic training two to three times a week for 30 minutes (intervention). Once weekly telephone calls with a physiotherapist are performed. Subsequently, there is a 12-week follow-up (FU) without exercise specifications/contact. Outcomes are measured before and after the intervention and following the FU. Primary outcome of the feasibility phase (n = 25) was the determination of the dropout rate during the intervention with a termination cut off if more than 30% PwHNC withdrew premature. The primary outcome of the OSHO #94’ trial (N = 53) is the change in global QoL score from pre- to post-intervention (EORTC QLQ-C30). Secondary outcomes include clinical and patient-reported measures, training details as well as functional diagnostic data (e.g. level of physical activity, training frequency, flexibility, fall risk and aerobic performance).

Results
25 PwHNC were enrolled onto the feasibility cohort. Only16% (4/25 patients) did not complete the study. Therefore, recruitment of PwHNC was continued. The dropout rate was adjusted from 30% (N = 60) to 20% (N = 53, calculated sample size n = 42 PwHNC and 20% (n = 11) to dropout).

Conclusions
Individualized home exercise programs in PwHNC in aftercare seem feasible. Consequently, the aim is now to evaluate the short and medium-term effects of individualized home exercise.
Association of hyperuricemia with coronary heart disease: Protocol for an updated systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Jinling , Pan Yi , Gao Qun , Zhuang Rui , Ma Liyong 
Published: August 2024

Introduction
Hyperuricemia, characterized by elevated serum uric acid levels, has garnered significant attention in cardiovascular research due to its potential association with coronary heart disease (CHD). While some studies suggest hyperuricemia as a risk factor of CHD, others present conflicting findings. A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis is warranted to comprehensively summarize the previous studies and determine the association between hyperuricemia and CHD, thereby supporting clinical practice and future studies in this field.

Methods
In this study, we will comprehensively search Medline, EMBase, Cochrane Central, ICTRP, and ClinicalTrials.gov, from inception to December 31, 2024. Prospective or retrospective cohort studies and case-control studies investigating the association between hyperuricemia and CHD will be included. Two independent reviewers will conduct study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment. The primary outcome will be the pooled relative risk of CHD associated with hyperuricemia by using random-effect model. Dose-response meta-analysis will be performed with linear and non-linear model to explore the the magnitude and direction of the association between serum uric acid levels and CHD risk. Subgroup analyses will be conducted based on uric acid test approaches and corresponding cut-off values and human races. Sensitivity analyses will assess the robustness of the results with leave-one-out method, while publication bias will be evaluated using funnel plots, Egger’s test, and Begg’s test. We will further use GRADE to evaluate the quality of the evidences provided by our systematic review.

Expected results
From this systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis, we hope out findings will provide reliable conclusion and data support on the association between hyperuricemia and CHD. The transparent and replicable methodologies outlined in this protocol contribute to advancing understanding of hyperuricemia as a potentially modifiable risk factor for CHD, thus supporting evidence-based strategies for cardiovascular disease management.

Conclusions
This protocol describes a rigorous plan to systematically review and analyze the quantitative association between hyperuricemia and CHD risk. In a word, we will help further clinical practice and scientific studies in this field.

Trial registration
This protocol was registered in PROSPERO CRD42024538553.
Pityriasis lichenoides acuta after COVID-19 vaccination
Authors: Singh Maneesh 
Published: August 2024

This case is notable due to the possible association between pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta (PLEVA) and the COVID-19 vaccination. In this case report we discuss a case of a 32 year-old male who developed erythematous, oval-shaped papules on his trunk, upper and lower extremities 2 weeks after his Covid 19 vaccination.
We also discussing the the diagnostic and therapeutic challenge of this disease and how a misdiagnosis of this disease can lead to great amount of emotional and psychological stress for the patient and his family members. For this reason it is important to have this on the list of possible diagnosises.
Hepatic Insulin Resistance Increases Risk of Gallstone Disease in Indigenous Americans in the Southwestern United States
Authors: Aydin Beyza N. , Stinson Emma J. , Hanson Robert L. , Looker Helen C. , Cabeza De Baca Tomás , Krakoff Jonathan , Chang Douglas C. 
Published: August 2024

INTRODUCTION:
Animal models indicate that hepatic insulin resistance (IR) promotes cholesterol gallstone disease (GSD). We sought to determine whether hepatic and whole-body IR is associated with incident GSD.

METHODS:
At baseline, 450 Southwestern Indigenous American adults without GSD were included. Participants had a 2-step hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp with glucose tracer at submaximal and maximal insulin stimulation (240 and 2,400 pmol/m2/min) for whole-body IR (M-low and M-high) and hepatic glucose production (HGP) before and during submaximal insulin infusion (HGP-basal and HGP-insulin). Incident GSD was identified during follow-up visits conducted at ∼2-year intervals. The associations of HGP (basal, insulin, and % suppression), M-low, and M-high with risk of GSD were assessed by Cox regression models adjusted for age, sex, body fat (%), glucose, and insulin.

RESULTS:
Sixty participants (13%) developed GSD (median follow-up: 11.6 years). Participants who developed GSD were of similar age and whole-body IR as those who did not (P's > 0.07) but were more likely to be female; have higher body fat, higher HGP-basal, and HGP-insulin; and lower % suppression of HGP (P's < 0.02). In separate adjusted models, higher HGP-insulin and lower % suppression of HGP were associated with increased risk for GSD (hazard ratio [HR] per SD: HR 1.38, 95% CI 1.12–1.69, P = 0.002; HR 1.41, 95% CI 1.16–1.72, P = 0.0007). HGP-basal, M-low, and M-high were not associated with GSD in adjusted models (P's > 0.22).

DISCUSSION:
Resistance to insulin suppression of HGP increases risk for GSD. Hepatic IR is a link between GSD and other conditions of the metabolic syndrome.
Społeczne postrzeganie związków intymnych młodzieży. Analiza narracji adolescentek i adolescentów
Authors: Jankowiak Barbara 
Published: August 2024

Youth develop their competence to build intimate relationships during adolescence. The aim of this project is to explore what adolescents experience regarding the social perception of their intimate relationships. The method of data collection was an individual in-depth interview and the method of data analysis was conventional content analysis. The group of participants in the study consisted of 22 adolescents (12 girls and 10 boys), aged between 14 and 19 years, who had experienced at least one intimate relationship during adolescence lasting at least one month. Participants could currently be in an intimate relationship or be single. Content analysis identified four main categories: 1) “It’s not a relationship, it’s just fun”; 2) “It’s not true love”; 3) “It won’t last very long”; 4) “You’ll get behind in school because of it!”. The results confirm that teenagers face stereotypical beliefs about their relationships. The results indicate the need to raise public awareness of the role of intimate relationships in young people’s development and to support adolescents in this vital area of interpersonal functioning.
Pokolenie Zet jako „wymagający gracz” współczesnego rynku pracy
Authors: Wawrzonek Anna 
Published: August 2024

The aim of this article is to present reflections on the Zet generation/Gen Z, with particular emphasis on the context of the labor market. The analysis of available reports and studies will make it possible to point out the strengths, opportunities, and expectations verbalized by the representatives of Gen Z themselves and the expectations placed upon them. The picture of the Gen Z presented below may become the starting point for determining or modifying educational and advisory solutions aimed at supporting young people in building lifelong careers.
Rating Politics: Sovereign Credit Ratings and Democratic Choice in Prosperous Developed Countries – A Summary of the Argument
Authors: Barta Zsófia 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This article summarizes the core argument of ‘Rating Politics: Sovereign Credit Ratings and Democratic Choice in Prosperous Developed Countries’, co-authored by Zsófia Barta and Alison Johnston and published by Oxford University Press. The book shows that credit rating agencies have become central actors in global governance by dint of their propensity to assign penalties and rewards to the political and policy choices of sovereign governments. It explores the logic according to which those penalties and rewards are meted out, and argues that these rewards and penalties not only constitute a violation of democratic sovereignty, but potentially undermine long-term economic growth and social and political stability, thereby also weakening countries’ long-term debt-servicing capacity.
Is the Korea Fair Trade Commission Abusing the Provision for Abuse of Superior Trading Position?: A Critical Analysis of the Act on Fair Intermediary Trade of Online Platforms
Authors: Na Youngsoog 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This paper examines the economic impact of the abuse of superior trading position (ASTP) provision within Korea’s draft Act on Fair Intermediary Trade of Online Platforms (AFITOP). The AFITOP, proposed as part of competition law reform in the digital era, applies to large online platform operators providing intermediary services. While derived from the Monopoly Regulation and Fair Trade Act (MRFTA), the ASTP provision’s goal to protect the economically weak is secondary to the MRFTA’s primary goal of efficiency. Furthermore, the provision’s interpretative uncertainties burden enterprises, especially large ones and those exploring new business models. Including this provision in the AFITOP is likely to reduce innovation incentives among large online platform operators, and to foster enforcement bias toward the ASTP provision by the Korea Fair Trade Commission, thereby increasing inefficiency in competition law enforcement. Therefore, the ASTP provision in the AFITOP should not be introduced.
Rheological characteristics and seepage laws of sandstone specimens containing an inclined single fracture under three-dimensional stress
Authors: Tang Jinzhou , Tang Wenhao , Yang Ke , Yin Zhiqiang , Liu Qinjie , Duan Minke , Liu Rong 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The rheological properties and seepage laws of fractured rock masses have a highly significant impact on the long-term stability of engineering rock masses. To study the rheological properties and seepage laws, rheological experiments under different loading paths were designed and conducted on sandstone samples with pre-fabricated single fractures. The results indicated that (1) as the axial stress or pore pressure increases, or the confining pressure decreases, the creep strain (both axial and radial directions) during the creep tests increases, and their stain rate decreases; (2) compared to the pore pressure, the axial stress and confining pressure have a more significant influence on the flow rate during the creep process. As the axial stress increases or the confining pressure decreases, the flow rate shows an increasing trend; (3) the higher connectivity results in higher final flow in an exponential function, indicating that the connectivity ratios can well reflect the permeability of the fractures; (4) the changes in the stress field may lead to the transition of the surrounding rock from a stable state to an unstable state, i.e., the occurrence of creep failure, or water inrush. Therefore, when the state of the surrounding rock changes, strengthened monitoring and proper preventive measures should be implemented.
Anticorrosion properties of flavonoids for rust-free building materials: a review
Authors: Verma Nishant , Kumar Tarun , Vashistha Vinod Kumar , Das Dipak Kumar , Yadav Suman , Pullabhotla Rajasekhar VSR , Sharma Gaurav 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Rust-free building materials are crucial for ensuring the durability and structural stability of constructions. Corrosion, a widespread issue affecting metals like steel, copper, and concrete, can be effectively managed with the help of corrosion inhibitors. One effective method for corrosion inhibition involves the application of corrosion-inhibiting coatings, which form resilient and tightly adherent films on metal surfaces. Flavonoids, renowned for their diverse biological activities, demonstrate significant anticorrosive properties. They contain beneficial compounds such as antioxidants and chelating agents. The efficacy of plant extracts as corrosion inhibitors is influenced by their organic constituents, particularly phenols and flavonoids. Flavonoids act by creating a protective film that serves as a barrier, shielding the metal surface from corrosive agents and limiting their access to the metal. This contributes to the prevention of corrosion. The integration of flavonoids into building materials has the potential to transform corrosion prevention practices, leading to improved durability, reduced maintenance costs, and a more environmentally friendly built environment. This article explores the promising prospects of flavonoids as an innovative and sustainable approach to corrosion prevention in building materials. Additionally, it aims to stimulate further research endeavors, fostering the development of effective and eco-friendly corrosion protection strategies for the construction industry.
Characteristics and main controlling factors of dolomite reservoirs in Fei-3 Member of Feixianguan Formation of Lower Triassic, Puguang area
Authors: Wang Shenjian , Xu Guosheng , Hou Yingling , Zhuang Wenjie , Chen Guomin , Wang Wei , Wang Xinyi , Bi Jianxia , Huang Changbing , Liu Qing , Zhuang Qiuchan , Luo Qing 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In recent years, studying dolomite diagenesis and controlling factors of reservoir development from microscopic perspective has become a hot subject in deep carbonate gas exploration. In this study, we have carried out a fine classification of different types of dolomite reservoirs in the Fei-3 Member of the Lower Triassic Feixianguan Formation in the Puguang area, and the distribution law and main controlling factors of dolomite reservoirs have been clarified. The results show that the dolomite reservoirs of the Fei-3 Member in the Puguang area include three rock types: residual structure dolomite, microbial dolomite, and crystalline dolomite, and the main reservoir space types are intergranular pores, solution pores/caves, and inter-crystalline pores, respectively, and the solution fractures are mainly developed in the residual structure and microbial dolomites. Most of the dolomite reservoirs are distributed in the Fei 31 sub-member, and the residual structure dolomite is mainly distributed in the relative paleomorphic highs of the Fei 31 sub-member; microbial dolomite is mainly developed in the platform environment with shallow water and intermittent exposure, and is controlled by the growth conditions of microorganisms; the crystalline dolomite is mostly distributed in the relatively shallow water and relatively limited dolomite flat environment. On the plane, the dolomite reservoirs are distributed in the form of clumps. The distribution of residual structure dolomite reservoir is controlled by paleotopography and early exposure corrosion. Microbial dolomite is formed in the microbial mat microfacies, and the distribution range of microbial mat controls the development of microbial dolomites. The diagenetic types of the dolomites in the target layer include dolomitization, dissolution, rupture, and material filling. Various kinds of pores formed by syngenetic dissolution provide channels for later buried dissolution, and organic acids formed by organic matter maturation under deep burial conditions play a crucial role in dissolution of dolomite and promote the formation of dissolution pores. In the burial stage, hydrocarbons enter the dolomite, which can effectively prevent the growth of late authigenic minerals, thus promoting the preservation of pores. The structural fracture system formed by late tectonic movement can communicate with different pore groups and improve the reservoir quality.