bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rethinking legislation to cope with transboundary crises
Authors: Broekema Wout , de Graaf Beatrice , Bron Roland 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSocieties are increasingly subject to transboundary crises that pose new challenges to crisis management and require a structural rethinking of longstanding arrangements. This study explores which governance aspects could be embedded in legislation to facilitate the organization of such transboundary crisis management. It builds upon research findings from the comprehensive 2020 governmental evaluation study of the Safety Regions Act in the Netherlands and the relevant literature. First, we provide a framework for a systematic study of the relationship between law and practice. Second, we present a model on how legislation for crisis management could be adapted to better fit with transboundary crises. This consists of a set of 10 key aspects categorized into five pillars: the interconnectedness of the various phases of crisis management and risk assessments as a starting point; flexible crisis management organization and network collaboration; allocated facilitator and exceptional decision‐making power; professional competences and netcentric information management; and learning capacities and democratic feedback. This model provides a point of departure for researchers and policymakers alike for rethinking the role that legislation can play in preparing for the crises of the future.
Incidence distributions, risk factors and trends of vaginal cancer: A global population‐based study
Authors: Huang Junjie , Chan Sze Chai , Pang Wing Sze , Mak Fung Yu , Fung Yat Ching , Lok Veeleah , Zhang Lin , Lin Xu , Lucero‐Prisno Don Eliseo , Xu Wanghong , Zheng Zhi‐Jie , Elcarte Edmar , Withers Mellissa , Wong Martin C. S. ,   the NCD Global Health Research Group, Association of Pacific Rim Universities (APRU)
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the incidence, risk factors and trends for vaginal cancer.DesignRetrospective observational design.SettingData were collected from multiple sources, including the Global Cancer Observatory, Cancer Incidence in Five Continents Plus, Global Burden of Disease, World Bank and the United Nations.PopulationIndividuals diagnosed with vaginal cancer.MethodsThe study collected data on vaginal cancer from the specified sources. The age‐standardised rate (ASR) of vaginal cancer was calculated for different regions and age groups. Multivariable and univariable linear regression analyses were performed to examine the associations between risk factors and the incidence of vaginal cancer. Trend analysis was conducted using joinpoint regression analysis, and the average annual percentage change (AAPC) was calculated to quantify the temporal trend.Main Outcome MeasuresThe main outcome measures of the study were the incidence of vaginal cancer, risk factors associated with the disease and the trend of its incidence over time.ResultsThere were 17 908 newly reported cases of vaginal cancer (ASR = 0.36, 95% CI 0.30–0.44) in 2020, with the highest ASRs reported in South–Central Asia and Southern Africa. Risk factors associated with a higher incidence of vaginal cancer included a higher prevalence of unsafe sex and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The temporal trend showed an overall rising incidence globally, with Iceland (AAPC = 29.56, 95% CI 12.12–49.71), Chile (AAPC = 22.83, 95% CI 13.20–33.27), Bahrain (AAPC = 22.05, 95% CI 10.83–34.40) and the UK (AAPC = 1.40, 95% CI 0.41–2.39) demonstrating the most significant rising trends.ConclusionsThe significant regional disparities and risk factors associated with vaginal cancer underscore the necessity for targeted interventions and education, particularly in regions with a lower human development index (HDI) and a higher prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. The increasing incidence trend emphasises the need for enhanced HPV vaccination rates to prevent the development of vaginal cancer.
Prediction model of browning inhibitor concentration and its optimal composition for mass processing of ready‐to‐eat fresh‐cut ‘Fuji’ apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) strains
Authors: Baek Soo Min , Ahn Sung‐Il , Lee Sang Hoon , Choi Jae‐Mun , Hong Jiyoun , Kim Young Jun , Han Bok Kyung 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this study, we optimized the composition of the browning inhibitor for apples and established a prediction model for the browning inhibitor concentration in mass‐processed fresh‐cut apples based on electrical conductivity measurements. The “Fuji” apples that were harvested in Chungju, Korea, were used for this study. Vitamin C mixture (VCM) and trehalose (Tre) were used as browning inhibitors at a 4% ratio. The browning reaction under Δ3 of BI (browning index) for 5 days was defined as the target shelf‐life of the apple flesh. The ΔBI of VCM and Tre was lower than that of VCM by 4%. It is revealed that the electrical conductivity of the browning inhibitor was highly correlated with its concentration and the number of soaked apples. Finally, the regression of the conductivity was fitted as Y = −0.0024 (number of soaked apples) + 0.5111 (R2 = 0.9931). In the validation test, the conductivity must be maintained at 0.4373 S/m or higher to maintain the target anti‐browning level of Δ3 or less, which corresponded to ∼80% of the initial qualitative level after manufacture. The conductivity measurement of the browning inhibitor is suitable for monitoring and predicting its concentration in the mass processing of fresh‐cut apple production due to the convenience of this method.Practical ApplicationThe conductivity measurement of browning inhibitors can be applied not only to the mass processing of apple production but also to the anti‐browning treatment of other fruits and vegetables, due to the convenience of this method. From these research results, it is expected to derive a formula that can predict the concentration of browning inhibitors through simple experiments for other fruits or vegetables.
An efficient visual screening of gene knockout mutants in the insect pathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana
Authors: Mao Ajing , Wang Junyao , Zhu Shengan , Jin Dan , Fan Yanhua 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBeauveria bassiana is an entomopathognic fungus, which is widely employed in the biological control of pests. Gene disruption is a common method for studying the functions of genes involved in fungal development or its interactions with hosts. However, generating gene deletion mutants was a time‐consuming work. The transcriptional factor OpS3 has been identified as a positive regulator of a red secondary metabolite oosporein in B. bassiana. In this study, we have designed a new screening system by integrating a constitutive OpS3 expression cassette outside one of the homologous arms of target gene. Ectopic transformants predominantly exhibit a red colour with oosporein production, while knockout mutants appear as white colonies due to the loss of the OpS3 expression cassette caused by recombinant events. This screening strategy was used to obtain the deletion mutants of both tenS and NRPS genes. Correct mutants were obtained by screening fewer than 10 mutants with a positive efficiency ranging from 50% to 75%. This system significantly reduces the workload associated with DNA extraction and PCR amplification, thereby enhancing the efficiency of obtaining correct transformants in B. bassiana.
Psychological processes and alcohol reduction in patients with chronic hepatitis C: Results from the HepART trial
Authors: Evon Donna M. , Yao Jia , Zimmer Catherine , Muir Andrew J. , Hendershot Christian S. , Proeschold‐Bell Rae Jean 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundThere is a lack of randomized controlled trials of behavioral interventions and process‐level research related to alcohol reduction among patients with chronic liver disease (e.g., hepatitis C viral (HCV) infection). We conducted a process‐level, secondary analysis of the Hepatitis C‐Alcohol Reduction Treatment (HepART) trial to investigate the association between change in psychological processes posited by the Integrated Behavioral Model (IBM) and change in World Health Organization (WHO) drinking risk levels.MethodsPatients with HCV who consume alcohol were recruited from hepatology clinics and received provider‐delivered SBIRT (Screening, Brief Intervention, Referral to Treatment) or SBIRT+ 6 months of co‐located alcohol counseling. Treatment arms were combined for this analysis because no between‐group differences were found. At baseline and 6 months, the timeline followback method was used to determine alcohol risk levels according to the 2000 WHO risk categories (based on average grams of alcohol per day). Changes in alcohol consumption and WHO risk levels were quantified and regressed on change in individual psychological processes (e.g., readiness, self‐efficacy, motives, attitudes, and strategies) from baseline to 6 months.ResultsAt the baseline assessment, 162 participants were classified as abstinent (5%), low (47%), moderate (16%), high (19%), or very high (13%) WHO risk levels. At 6 months, 38% remained at the same risk level and 48% decreased by at least one level. In univariate analyses, changes in 7 of 12 psychological processes were associated with change in risk levels. Adjusted multivariate analyses demonstrated that change in four processes were significantly associated with change in risk levels, including SOCRATES Taking Steps, Ambivalence, and Recognition scores and alcohol reduction strategies.ConclusionsThese findings demonstrate significant reductions in quantitative indices of alcohol consumption following opportunistic alcohol interventions in patients with HCV. However, results provided mixed support for associations between change in IBM psychological processes and alcohol consumption.
Endodontic apical surgery with novel endoscope: Three‐case series
Authors: Tso Kai‐Yun , Wu Yu‐Hsueh , Tsai Yu‐We , Lin Yu‐Sheng , Chiu Wei‐Chih 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSuccessful apical surgery relies on effective magnification and illumination. In the field of endodontics, the microscope has emerged as the predominant tool for meeting these requirements. The rigid endoscope is also a valuable instrument in apical surgery. This study introduces three cases demonstrating the application of endoscope technology in endodontic apical surgery. The first case employs a soft endoscope for treating an anterior tooth with apical periodontitis, the second integrates an endoscope with new attachments for a premolar, and the third combines an endoscope, attachments and navigation for the lower first molar surgery. It revealed that endoscopes offer certain advantages that are not achievable with microscope‐assisted surgery, these cases had a great outcome. In the future, a broader application of endoscopic technology in various procedures is anticipated.
Response to adalimumab in Caucasian and Asian patients with hidradenitis suppurativa: A retrospective cohort study of an Australian cohort stratified by patient‐reported ethnicity
Authors: Pham James , Flora Akshay , Guttman Lauren , Allan Timothy , Chandran Nisha Suyien , Frew John W. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesCaucasian and Asian patients with hidradenitis suppurativa demonstrate significant differences with regard to age, gender and body mass index. Demographic characteristics are known to influence the efficacy and drug survival of hidradenitis suppurativa therapeutics including biologic therapies. What remains unknown is the impact of ethnicity upon the efficacy of therapeutics once demographic and disease characteristics have been taken into account. This is an important question given the expansion of biologic therapies for HS into the global patient community.MethodsWe assessed 170 patients from a single HS specialist centre in Australia stratified by patient‐identified ethnicity including those identifying as either Caucasian or Asian.ResultsAsian patients demonstrated lower BMI, higher rates of smoking and greater odds of Hurley stage 3 disease with tunnels than Caucasian patients in line with the reported literature. There was no significant difference between percentage of individuals achieving HiSCR50 or IHS4‐55 at Week 16. Significant differences were seen in median time to secondary loss of response, and Kaplan–Meier curve analysis showed a significant difference between curves when stratified by patient‐reported ethnicity. Cox regression analysis demonstrated after accounting for age, gender, BMI, smoking and Hurley stage, the significance of ethnicity in influencing time to secondary loss of response disappears.ConclusionsCaucasian or Asian ethnicity does not influence response to adalimumab treatment on patients with hidradenitis suppurativa.
Helminth induced monocytosis conveys protection from respiratory syncytial virus infection in mice
Authors: Burgess Matthew O. , Janas Piotr , Berry Karla , Mayr Hannah , Mack Matthias , Jenkins Stephen J. , Bain Calum C. , McSorley Henry J. , Schwarze Jurgen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in infants is a major cause of viral bronchiolitis and hospitalisation. We have previously shown in a murine model that ongoing infection with the gut helminth Heligmosomoides polygyrus protects against RSV infection through type I interferon (IFN‐I) dependent reduction of viral load. Yet, the cellular basis for this protection has remained elusive. Given that recruitment of mononuclear phagocytes to the lung is critical for early RSV infection control, we assessed their role in this coinfection model.MethodsMice were infected by oral gavage with H. polygyrus. Myeloid immune cell populations were assessed by flow cytometry in lung, blood and bone marrow throughout infection and after secondary infection with RSV. Monocyte numbers were depleted by anti‐CCR2 antibody or increased by intravenous transfer of enriched monocytes.ResultsH. polygyrus infection induces bone marrow monopoiesis, increasing circulatory monocytes and lung mononuclear phagocytes in a IFN‐I signalling dependent manner. This expansion causes enhanced lung mononuclear phagocyte counts early in RSV infection that may contribute to the reduction of RSV load. Depletion or supplementation of circulatory monocytes prior to RSV infection confirms that these are both necessary and sufficient for helminth induced antiviral protection.ConclusionsH. polygyrus infection induces systemic monocytosis contributing to elevated mononuclear phagocyte numbers in the lung. These cells are central to an anti‐viral effect that reduces the peak viral load in RSV infection. Treatments to promote or modulate these cells may provide novel paths to control RSV infection in high risk individuals.
Volumetric citizenship
Authors: Elinoff Eli 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn Thailand, the volatile period from 2019 to 2023 was marked by changing material and political atmospheres. Air pollution, the COVID‐19 pandemic, and government restrictions on speech transformed how Thai citizens breathed and how they related to the monarchy. Understanding this period as a history of breath reconceptualizes the citizen‐body as volumetric, recasting politics as an intermaterial practice. Breath, its vibrations, and its constraints, as it moves across the topologies of the respiratory system, generate densely material, richly symbolic political relations that bind citizens to one another, to the polity, and to the world. Small particles, dust, viruses, speech restrictions, and tear gas constrained the breath of Thai citizens while shaping the conditions in which dissenting vibrations could shake the country's cosmologies. Attention to the citizen‐body as volumetric thus recasts the lungs as relational chambers of political capacity, resituating political analysis within the material world and suggesting that all politics are, in some sense, environmental.
Optimization design of semi‐open impeller based on thrombogenicity in a blood pump
Authors: Liu Xuemin , Shao Jiejie , Wang Peng , Zhao Honghua , Liu Luning , Han Qing 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundBlood clots are composed of aggregated fibrin and platelets, and thrombosis is the body's natural response to repairing injured blood vessels or stopping bleeding. However, when this process is activated abnormally, such as in a mechanical blood pump, it can lead to excessive thrombus formation. Therefore, how to avoid or reduce the probability of thrombus formation is an important indicator of the stable operation of a blood pump.MethodsIn this paper, Lagrangian particle tracking trajectories are simulated to study platelet transport in a blood pump. The design of the thrombus blood pump was optimized using an orthogonal design method based on three factors: inlet angle, outlet angle, and blade number. The effect of blood pump pressure, rotational speed, impeller outlet angle, inlet angle, and number of blades on thrombus formation was analysed using Fluent software. The thrombogenic potential was derived by analyzing the trajectory and flow parameters of platelet particles in the blood pump, as well as the statistical parameters of residence time and stress accumulation thrombus in the platelet pump.ResultsWhen the impeller inlet angle is 30°, the outlet angle is 20°, and the number of blades is 6, the probability of thrombus formation is minimized in the orthogonal design method, aligning with the requirements for blood pump performance.ConclusionsThese design parameters serve as a numerical guideline for optimizing the geometry of the semi‐open impeller in blood pumps and provide a theoretical foundation for subsequent in vitro experiments.
Multigenerational exposure to temperature influences mitochondrial oxygen fluxes in the Medaka fish (Oryzias latipes)
Authors: Morla Julie , Salin Karine , Lassus Rémy , Favre‐Marinet Julie , Sentis Arnaud , Daufresne Martin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimThermal sensitivity of cellular metabolism is crucial for animal physiology and survival under climate change. Despite recent efforts, effects of multigenerational exposure to temperature on the metabolic functioning remain poorly understood. We aimed at determining whether multigenerational exposure to temperature modulate the mitochondrial respiratory response of Medaka fish.MethodsWe conducted a multigenerational exposure with Medaka fish reared multiple generations at 20 and 30°C (COLD and WARM fish, respectively). We then measured the oxygen consumption of tail muscle at two assay temperatures (20 and 30°C). Mitochondrial function was determined as the respiration supporting ATP synthesis (OXPHOS) and the respiration required to offset proton leak (LEAK(Omy)) in a full factorial design (COLD‐20°C; COLD‐30°C; WARM‐20°C; WARM‐30°C).ResultsWe found that higher OXPHOS and LEAK fluxes at 30°C compared to 20°C assay temperature. At each assay temperature, WARM fish had lower tissue oxygen fluxes than COLD fish. Interestingly, we did not find significant differences in respiratory flux when mitochondria were assessed at the rearing temperature of the fish (i.e., COLD‐20°C vs. WARM −30°C).ConclusionThe lower OXPHOS and LEAK capacities in warm fish are likely the result of the multigenerational exposure to warm temperature. This is consistent with a modulatory response of mitochondrial capacity to compensate for potential detrimental effects of warming on metabolism. Finally, the absence of significant differences in respiratory fluxes between COLD‐20°C and WARM‐30°C fish likely reflects an optimal respiration flux when organisms adapt to their thermal conditions.
Editorial: Genetics for non‐invasive risk stratification—Finding the needle in the haystack? Authors' reply
Authors: Bridi Lana , Ajmera Veeral 
Published: June 2024

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Bridi et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18099 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18123
Denatured collagen in keratin layers and smooth muscles of teats with low or high teat apex scores in Holstein dairy cows
Authors: Shiroma Ritsuki , Niyonzima Yvan Bienvenu , Kadokawa Hiroya 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe hypothesized that teats with a teat apex score (TAS) of 4 on a 4‐point scale would exhibit elevated levels of denatured collagen compared with teats with lower TAS. We procured keratin layer and smooth muscle samples from Holsteins with TAS ranging from 1 to 4, as well as from crossbred heifers (Japanese Black male and Holstein female) with TAS of 1. Teats with a TAS of 4 demonstrated increased total collagen content, higher amounts of type I collagen (the harder, thicker variant), and reduced amounts of type III collagen (the softer, thinner variant) compared with teats with lower TAS. Teats with TAS of 3 and 4 exhibited evidence of damaged collagen in smooth muscle layers compared with teats with TAS of 1. Additionally, we identified 47‐kDa heat shock protein‐positive fibroblasts in the smooth muscles of teats with TAS of 3 and 4. Therefore, the smooth muscle of teats with a TAS of 4 exhibited increased amounts of denatured collagen in comparison to teats with lower TAS.
Malaysia's strategic approach: Unpacking the “action‐reaction spiral” logic in the South China Sea
Authors: Syailendra Emirza 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe phrase “action‐reaction” has been frequently reiterated in public speeches by Malaysian leaders, formal documents, and behind‐the‐scenes discussions. This article contends that this expression operates as a manifestation of Malaysian policymakers' comprehension of the security dilemma and their strategic assessment of their position within a security ecosystem. As part of the interconnected web of relationships among regional actors, any disturbance has the potential to draw Malaysia, as a small state, into an extended cycle of crises. This article draws on Malaysia's conduct in the South China Sea (1970–2023). To mitigate risks, in alignment with various scholarly perspectives, Malaysia adopts a hedging strategy involving tradeoffs and contingency plans. Beyond hedging, a more proactive perspective is also emphasized: when Malaysia identifies affordances or opportunities to act within the security ecosystem, it endeavors to leverage them for its benefit.
SETBP1 haploinsufficiency and related disorders clinical and neurobehavioral phenotype study
Authors: Oyler Haley O. , Hudac Caitlin M. , Chung Wendy K. , Green Synder LeeAnne , Robertson Stephanie , Srivastava Siddharth , Geye Trina 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTo comprehensively investigate the neurodevelopmental profile and clinical characteristics associated with SETBP1 haploinsufficiency disorder (SETBP1‐HD) and SETBP1‐related disorders (SETBP1‐RD). We reported genetic results on 34 individuals, with behavior and clinical data from 22 with SETBP1‐HD and 5 with SETBP1‐RD, by assessing results from medical history interviews and standardized adaptive, clinical, and social measures provided from Simons Searchlight. All individuals with SETBP1‐HD and SETBP1‐RD exhibited neurological impairments including intellectual disability/developmental delay (IDD), attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, and/or seizures, as well as speech and language delays. While restricted interests and repetitive behaviors present challenges, a relative strength was observed in social motivation within both cohorts. Individuals with SETBP1‐RD reported a risk for heart issues and compared to SETBP1‐HD greater risks for orthopedic and somatic issues with greater difficulty in bowel control. Higher rates for neonatal feeding difficulties and febrile seizures were reported for individuals with SETBP1‐HD. Additional prominent characteristics included sleep, vision, and gastrointestinal issues, hypotonia, and high pain tolerance. This characterization of phenotypic overlap (IDD, speech challenges, autistic, and attention deficit traits) and differentiation (somatic and heart issue risks for SETBP1‐RD) between the distinct neurodevelopmental disorders SETBP1‐HD and SETBP1‐RD is critical for medical management and diagnosis.