bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Semidirect Composite Onlay With Cavity Sealing: A Review of Clinical Procedures
Authors: Alharbi Amal , Rocca Giovanni Tommaso , Dietschi Didier , Krejci Ivo 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe evolution in adhesive dentistry has broadened the indication of esthetic restorative procedures especially with the use of resin composite material. Depending on the clinical situation, some restorative techniques are best indicated. As an example, indirect adhesive restorations offer many advantages over direct techniques in extended cavities. In general, the indirect technique requires two appointments and a laboratory involvement, or it can be prepared chairside in a single visit either conventionally or by the use of computer‐aided design/computer‐aided manufacturing systems. In both cases, there will be an extra cost as well as the need of specific materials. This paper describes the clinical procedures for the chairside semidirect technique for composite onlay fabrication without the use of special equipments. The use of this technique combines the advantages of the direct and the indirect restoration.Clinical SignificanceThe semidirect technique for composite onlays offers the advantages of an indirect restoration and low cost, and can be the ideal treatment option for extended cavities in case of financial limitations.
Combining TNFSF15 and ASCA IgA can be used as a predictor for the stenosis/perforating phenotype of Crohn's disease
Authors: Tung Chien‐Chih , Wong Jau‐Min , Lee Wen‐Chung , Liu Heng‐Hsiu , Chang Chin‐Hao , Chang Ming‐Chu , Chang Yu‐Ting , Shieh Ming‐Jium , Wang Cheng‐Yi , Wei Shu‐Chen 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackground and AimFocusing on TNFSF15 instead of NOD2, we set out to evaluate whether combining serologic and genetic markers could distinguish between Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), and whether they could be used to stratify the disease behavior of Taiwanese CD patients.MethodsClinical information, serum isolation, and DNA were collected after obtaining informed consent. The serological markers were analyzed by ELISA kits and the genetic analysis for TNFSF15 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) by Sequenom. Statistic analyses were conducted by SAS 9.2 (Cary, NC, USA).ResultsThis study included 108 patients (55 CD, 53 UC) and 60 healthy controls. An initial low positive rate and low sensitivity for the serological markers led us to reset the cut‐off values. This reset cut‐off for ASCA IgA yielded a sensitivity of 0.291 and specificity of 0.925 for differentiating CD from UC patients. The reset cut‐off value for p‐ANCA (anti‐MPO) had a sensitivity of 0.461 and a specificity of 0.817 for differentiating inflammatory bowel disease patients from healthy controls. Among the TNFSF15 SNPs, rs4263839 associated with CD in Taiwan (P = 0.005), haplotype analysis did not increase the association. Combining the genetic marker TNFSF15 (rs4263839) and serological marker ASCA IgA increased the area under the curve from 0.61 to 0.70 for predicting stenosis/perforating phenotype, compared to ASCA IgA alone.ConclusionsSerological markers need to be tested and tailored to different countries/ethnicities. Combining the genetic marker TNFSF15 with ASCA IgA increased the power of predicting stenosis/perforating phenotype in CD patients with TNFSF15 but not with a NOD2 genetic background.
The Birth of the Mineral Species “Aguilarite” and What Came Next: A Twice‐Told Tale
Authors: Ferry Elizabeth Emma 
Published: December 2013

ResumenEste artículo explora la emergencia del mineral ‘aguilarita’ descubierta por Ponciano Aguilar en Guanajuato, México, a principios de los años 1890. Por sí misma, la aguilarita no es especialmente importante—es un mineral oscuro y opaco que no tiene un uso económico y posee un moderado interés para los coleccionistas y mineralogistas. Sin embargo, las circunstancias de su descubrimiento y designación posterior se prestan a dos modos de análisis y tipos de conocimiento: uno proviene del trabajo de Bruno Latour y otros en el campo conocido como la Teoría del Actor‐Red, y el otro está influenciado por la economía política en la antropología, con particular énfasis en los estudios sobre la cadenas de mercancías. En este artículo, utilizo el nacimiento de la aguilarita para analizar algunas de las formas de cómo estos enfoques tratan la relación entre los objetos y las personas, y las consecuencias de ello. ¿Qué revelan y qué esconden estas dos formas de contar la historia de la aguilarita? ¿Cómo pueden trabajar juntas?
An Indigenous Tuberculosis? Pasteurian Strategies and Indian Problems in the Making of Bolivian National Science
Authors: Scott Stephen Kingsley 
Published: December 2013

ResumenEste trabajo examina la difusión de la ciencia pastueriana en Bolivia a principios del siglo XX. Se explora cómo el cientista y pasteuriano boliviano, el Dr. Néstor Morales Villazón (“el padre de la microbiología boliviana”) hizo uso estratégico de una pequeña controversia sobre la tuberculosis en Bolivia para promocionar su Instituto Nacional de Bacteriología ante las élites. Utilizando su laboratorio para revelar algo de otra manera invisible en Bolivia ‐microbios con una “predilección particular” por los indios, una “tuberculosis indígena” que podría atribuirse a las instituciones coloniales‐, Morales vinculó la ciencia pastueriana a los debates acerca de la “cuestión del indio” y las aspiraciones de los liberales criollos para la reconciliación nacional. Como muestra este trabajo, la tuberculosis indígena fue un objeto para la experimentación, que requirió el laboratorio pasteuriano para su análisis, pero también sirvió como recurso retórico utilizado estratégicamente ante las élites bolivianas. Morales se formó en el Instituto Pasteur de París, y tanto la dimensión científica como retórica de su trabajo pueden relacionarse con esa formación.
Artificial neural networks for bilateral prediction of formulation parameters and drug release profiles from cochlear implant coatings fabricated as porous monolithic devices based on silicone rubber
Authors: Nemati Pedram , Imani Mohammad , Farahmandghavi Farhid , Mirzadeh Hamid , Marzban-Rad Ehsan , Nasrabadi Ali Motie 
Published: December 2013

Abstract

Objectives
The coating of cochlear implants for topical delivery of drugs, for example, corticosteroids, or antibiotics is a novel approach to manage post-surgical complications associated with cochlear implantation surgery like inflammation or infections. Many variables, including formulation parameters, can be changed to modulate the amount and duration of drug release from these devices. Mathematical modeling of drug release profile from a delivery system may be helpful to accelerate formulations in a more cost-efficient way. To attain specific in vitro drug release characteristics, a model should be capable to provide good estimates on the initial formulation parameters, for example, composition, geometry and drug loading vice versa. Here, artificial neural networks (ANNs) are used to predict dexamethasone (DEX) release profile and formulation parameters, bilaterally, from cochlear implant coatings designed as porous, monolithic silicone rubber-based matrices.

Methods
The devices were fabricated as monolithic dispersions of DEX in a silicone rubber matrix containing porogens. A newly developed mathematical function was fitted on the experimental DEX release curves, and the function coefficients were fed into the network as input variables to simulate drug release profile from the porous devices. Formulation variables consisted of drug loading percentage (0.05–0.5% w/w), porogen type (dextran (dext) or sodium chloride particles) and porogen content (5–40% w/w). The ANN was also examined to determine optimal levels of the formulation parameters to provide a specifically desired drug release profile.

Key findings
The results showed that DEX release profile from porous cochlear implant devices can be modelled accurately and precisely using ANN in order to predict optimal levels for the formulation parameters to provide a specific drug release profile vice versa.

Conclusions
The developed ANNs were used to achieve shorter formulation development process, and to provide tailor-made drug delivery regimens. ANNs were also successfully simulated non-linear relationships present between the initial formulation variable(s) and predict the subsequent drug release patterns.
Spatio‐temporal variations in the trophic status of Lake Naivasha, Kenya
Authors: Ndungu Jane , Augustijn Denie C. M. , Hulscher Suzanne J. M. H. , Kitaka Nzula , Mathooko Jude 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe spatio‐temporal dynamics of the trophic state of a lake are crucial in defining its water quality, as well as biodiversity. Accordingly, this study focused on the spatio‐temporal variations of the trophic state, and the possible causes of the heterogeneous turbidity in Lake Naivasha, Kenya. The trophic state of the lake oscillated between a eutrophic and hypereutrophic condition, being found to be more eutrophic than reported in previous studies, indicating a progressive deterioration of its water quality. Inferences from the graphical representation of the deviations of total phosphorus and Secchi depth from the chlorophyll‐a trophic state indices revealed that the lake is predominantly phosphorus limited. Furthermore, the turbidity in the northern part of the lake is dominated by suspended sediment and dissolved coloured material. Discriminant analysis resulted in identification of three distinct trophic state regions in Lake Naivasha, namely the northern region, the mid and southern part and the more or less isolated Crescent Lake. The results of this study provide a good basis for further investigation of the current loading magnitude of both nutrients and sediments, in order to facilitate sustainable management to ensure community integrity and ecosystem functions of the lake.
Prediction of sediment inflows to Angereb dam reservoir using the SRH‐1D sediment transport model
Authors: Zeleke Takele , Moussa Ahmed Moustafa , El‐Manadely Mohamed S. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAngereb Dam, located in Ethiopia, was constructed in early 1994 as a water supply for the town of Gondar up to the year 2020. The reservoir could not achieve this objective, however, because of significant sedimentation problems. Accordingly, one objective of this study was to simulate the historical reservoir sedimentation pattern, as well as predict the near future (until 2015) sedimentation pattern of Angereb Reservoir. The Sedimentation and River Hydraulics one‐dimensional model (SRH‐1D), version 2.6, was used for this purpose. Another objective was to propose possible mitigation measures to reduce the quantity and rate of sedimentation in the reservoir. There was generally good agreement between measurements and model simulations, with the observed trends being well simulated. The exception was that the model tended to overpredict the sediment deposition volumes in the upstream reaches of the reservoir. The two mitigation alternatives for addressing the sedimentation problem, namely managing sediments in the watershed and flushing sediment through the dam bottom outlet, appear to be technically feasibility, with a predicted reduction of the volume of deposited sediment between 63 and 80% be achievable.
Plasmodium falciparum is dependent on de novo myo‐inositol biosynthesis for assembly of GPI glycolipids and infectivity
Authors: MacRae James I. , Lopaticki Sash , Maier Alexander G. , Rupasinghe Thusitha , Nahid Amsha , Cowman Alan F. , McConville Malcolm J. 
Published: December 2013

SummaryIntra‐erythrocytic stages of the malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, are thought to be dependent on de novo synthesis of phosphatidylinositol, as red blood cells (RBC) lack the capacity to synthesize this phospholipid. The myo‐inositol headgroup of PI can either be synthesized de novo or scavenged from the RBC. An untargeted metabolite profiling of P. falciparum infected RBC showed that trophozoite and schizont stages accumulate high levels of myo‐inositol‐3‐phosphate, indicating increased de novo biosynthesis of myo‐inositol from glucose 6‐phosphate. Metabolic labelling studies with 13C‐U‐glucose in the presence and absence of exogenous inositol confirmed that de novo myo‐inositol synthesis occurs in parallel with myo‐inositol salvage pathways. Unexpectedly, while both endogenous and scavenged myo‐inositol was used to synthesize bulk PI, only de novo‐synthesized myo‐inositol was incorporated into GPI glycolipids. Moreover, gene disruption studies suggested that the INO1 gene, encoding myo‐inositol 3‐phosphate synthase, is essential in asexual parasite stages. Together these findings suggest that P. falciparum asexual stages are critically dependent on de novo myo‐inositol biosynthesis for assembly of a sub‐pool of PI species and GPI biosynthesis. These findings highlight unexpected complexity in phospholipid biosynthesis in P. falciparum and a lack of redundancy in some nutrient salvage versus endogenous biosynthesis pathways.
Behavioral responses of Australian fur seals (Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus) to environmental variations
Authors: Garlepp Linda , Logan Murray , Kirkwood Roger 
Published: December 2013

AbstractObserving how pinnipeds respond to variations in climatic and oceanographic conditions informs marine managers on factors that could limit their range, foraging ability and breeding success. Here, we examine how Australian fur seals (Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus) at Seal Rocks, Victoria, Australia, responded to normal climatic conditions from August 2009 to January 2010, which included their Austral spring‐summer breeding period, to investigate their tolerances to a range of environmental stimuli. Seal numbers ashore and a range of climatic variables were collected hourly during daylight periods and compared using Generalized Additive Mixed Models (GAMMs). Air temperature was the most consistent predictor of haul‐out behavior, with seal numbers ashore declining as air temperature increased (effect size −50%, edf 1.00, P < 0.001). Increased wave height (effect size 74%, edf 1.00, P < 0.001) and wind speed (effect size 79%, edf 1.00, P < 0.001) were associated with increased seal numbers ashore. Potentially, higher air temperatures reduce the seals tolerance to remain out of the water, while high wind/wave action increases at‐sea metabolic costs. These results demonstrate how changes in climate could alter a seal's ability to remain ashore, to rest or breed, and its ability to forage effectively, thus driving changes in population status and range.
Thirty‐six cases of epidemic infections due to Trichophyton violaceum in Siena, Italy
Authors: Romano Clara , Feci Luca , Fimiani Michele 
Published: December 2013

SummaryTrichophyton violaceum is an anthropophilous dermatophyte endemic to parts of Africa and Asia, sporadic in Europe. It is an emerging pathogen in Italy due to immigration. We report 36 cases of infections due to T. violaceum, diagnosed in the last 5 years by mycological examination. The source of contagion was 13 children adopted from orphanages.
Therapeutic potential of spinal cord stimulation for gastrointestinal motility disorders: a preliminary rodent study
Authors: Song G.–Q. , Sun Y. , Foreman R. D. , Chen J. D. Z. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackgroundSpinal cord electrical stimulation (SCS) has been applied for the management of chronic pain. Most of studies have revealed a decrease in sympathetic activity with SCS. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects and mechanisms of SCS on gastrointestinal (GI) motility in healthy and diabetic rats.MethodsMale rats chronically implanted with a unipolar electrode at T9/T10 were studied. The study included four experiments to assess the effects of SCS on (1) gastric tone; (2) gastric emptying of liquids and intestinal transit; (3) gastric emptying of solids; and (4) sympathovagal balance in healthy rats and/or in Streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetic rat.Key Results(1) Spinal cord stimulation intensity dependently increased gastric tone in healthy rats. The gastric volume was 0.97 ± 0.15 mL at baseline, and decreased to 0.92 ± 0.16 mL with SCS of the 30% motor threshold (MT; p = 0.13 vs baseline), 0.86 ± 0.14 mL with 60% MT (p = 0.045 vs baseline), and 0.46 ± 0.19 mL with 90% MT (p = 0.0050 vs baseline). (2) Spinal cord stimulation increased gastric emptying of liquids by about 17% and accelerated small intestinal transit by about 20% in healthy rats (p < 0.001). (3) Spinal cord stimulation accelerated gastric emptying of solids by about 24% in healthy rats and by about 78% in diabetic rats. (4) Spinal cord stimulation decreased sympathetic activity (1.13 ± 0.18 vs 0.68 ± 0.09, p < 0.04) and sympathovagal balance (0.51 ± 0.036 vs 0.40 ± 0.029, p = 0.028).Conclusions & InferencesSpinal cord stimulation accelerates gastric emptying of liquids and solids, and intestinal transit, probably by inhibiting the sympathetic activity. Spinal cord stimulation may have a therapeutic potential for treating GI motility disorders.
Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for pain after oral surgery
Authors: Bailey E. , Patel N. , Coulthard P. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAimTo describe the role of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the management of pain after oral surgery.Materials and methodsA review of the literature describing the pharmacokinetics, benefits and harms of NSAIDs in terms of systematic review evidence, interactions, use in children, pregnancy and breastfeeding.ResultsTwelve Cochrane reviews were identified describing the efficacy of NSAIDs for pain after oral surgery. Ibuprofen 400 mg is an effective analgesic [number needed to treat (NNT) = 2.3 in tablet form and 1.8 in soluble form]. Cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2)‐selective NSAIDs also demonstrate low NNTs, based on smaller studies of post‐operative pain. There is association with gastrointestinal, cardiovascular and renal adverse effects.ConclusionsNSAIDs are effective analgesics for moderate pain after oral surgery. The routine use of COX‐2‐selective NSAIDs is not recommended. Careful patient selection is important.
Scale‐up of hydrophobin‐assisted recombinant protein production in tobacco BY‐2 suspension cells
Authors: Reuter Lauri J. , Bailey Michael J. , Joensuu Jussi J. , Ritala Anneli 
Published: December 2013

SummaryPlant suspension cell cultures are emerging as an alternative to mammalian cells for production of complex recombinant proteins. Plant cell cultures provide low production cost, intrinsic safety and adherence to current regulations, but low yields and costly purification technology hinder their commercialization. Fungal hydrophobins have been utilized as fusion tags to improve yields and facilitate efficient low‐cost purification by surfactant‐based aqueous two‐phase separation (ATPS) in plant, fungal and insect cells. In this work, we report the utilization of hydrophobin fusion technology in tobacco bright yellow 2 (BY‐2) suspension cell platform and the establishment of pilot‐scale propagation and downstream processing including first‐step purification by ATPS. Green fluorescent protein‐hydrophobin fusion (GFP‐HFBI) induced the formation of protein bodies in tobacco suspension cells, thus encapsulating the fusion protein into discrete compartments. Cultivation of the BY‐2 suspension cells was scaled up in standard stirred tank bioreactors up to 600 L production volume, with no apparent change in growth kinetics. Subsequently, ATPS was applied to selectively capture the GFP‐HFBI product from crude cell lysate, resulting in threefold concentration, good purity and up to 60% recovery. The ATPS was scaled up to 20 L volume, without loss off efficiency. This study provides the first proof of concept for large‐scale hydrophobin‐assisted production of recombinant proteins in tobacco BY‐2 cell suspensions.
Analysis of mode of inheritance of Fusarium wilt resistance in castor (Ricinus communis L.)
Authors: Kammili Anjani , Raoof Mohammad A. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractCastor (Ricinus communis L.) is an important industrial oilseed crop grown worldwide. Wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ricini is a devastating disease in castor. The inheritance mode of wilt resistance was investigated. The F1, F2 and backcross generations of four crosses involving four resistant and three susceptible parents were developed. The role of digenic (R1 and R2) epistatic interactions on wilt resistance was confirmed. The 15 : 1, 9 : 7 and 13 : 3 ratios indicated duplicate dominant, duplicate recessive and dominant and recessive epistatic interactions, respectively. Castor parents used in the crosses exhibited varied inheritance modes. All generations of a cross exhibited similar inheritance mode when parents were comparable. However, generations varied in inheritance mode when parents were not comparable in inheritance mode. These results would have practical interest when decisions are required regarding the choice of parents and methodology in resistance and hybrid breeding. The results also provided a basis for investigating molecular genetics of wilt resistance mechanisms.
QTL mapping of a partial resistance to the corn delphacid‐transmitted viruses in Lepidopteran‐resistant maize line Mp705
Authors: Dintinger Jacques A. , Salgon Sylvia , Reynaud Bernard 
Published: December 2013

AbstractA partial resistance to maize mosaic virus (MMV) and maize stripe virus (MStV) was mapped in a RILs population derived from a cross between lines MP705 (resistant) and B73 (susceptible). A genetic map constructed from 131 SSR markers spanned 1399 cM with an average distance of 9.6 cM. A total of 10 QTL were detected for resistance to MMV and MStV, using composite interval mapping. A major QTL explaining 34–41% of the phenotypic variance for early resistance to MMV was detected on chromosome 1. Another major QTL explaining up to 30% of the phenotypic variation for all traits of resistance to MStV was detected in the centromeric region of chromosome 3 (3.05 bin). After adding supplementary SSR markers, this region was found to correspond well to the one where a QTL of resistance to MStV already was located in a previous mapping study using an F2 population derived from a cross between Rev81 and B73. These results suggested that these QTL of resistance to MStV detected on chromosome 3 could be allelic in maize genome.
Mucoceles of the Oral Cavity in Neonates and Infants—Report of a Case and Literature Review
Authors: Shapira Moshe , Akrish Sharon 
Published: December 2013

AbstractOral mucoceles are common lesions that normally appear in the second decade of life. They are uncommon in neonates and infants. We present a case of a mucocele in a 10‐month‐old infant and review the literature regarding the epidemiology and treatment in this age group.