bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human Resources and Logistic Requirements in Problem Based Learning Compared to Traditional Learning
Authors: Deo Satish Kumar 
Published: January 2014

Problem-based learning (PBL) is a student-centered pedagogy in which students learn about a subject in the context of complex, multifaceted, and realistic problems. Working in groups, students identify what they already know, what they need to know, and how and where to access new information that may lead to resolution of the problem along with discussion of the solution within the group. Few medical schools in Nepal have already incorporated problem-based learning into their curricula and other medical schools are planning to adopt. However, when PBL is introduced into a curriculum, it has implications for staffing and learning resources and demands a different approach to timetabling, workload, and assessment. So, issues like human resources requirements and logistic requirements need to address specifically from Nepal Medical Council for the assurance quality of medical education which, in turn, has contributed in enhancing the quality of health care services in Nepal. Hence, this paper is prepared for developing further understanding about major difference between conventional method of Medical education and PBL in relation to human resources requirements and infrastructure. This article ends with some of the important recommendations that could be considered additionally to existing minimum requirements from Nepal Medical Council for the Medical Schools/ Universities in Nepal who are running or planning to implement Problem-based Learning in their curricula. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/noaj.v3i2.9530 NOAJ July-December 2013, Vol 3, Issue 2, 46-47
Book Reviews
Authors: Sheail John , Chester David K. , Schroeder Nicolas , Vettese Troy 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Bernhard Gissibl, Sabine Hoehler and Patrick Kupper (eds.), Civilizing Nature; National Parks in Global Historical Perspective (John Sheail)
Deborah R. Coen, The Earthquake Observers: Disaster Science from Lisbon to Richter (David K. Chester)
Ellen Fenzel Arnold, Negotiating the Landscape. Environment and Monastic Identity in the Medieval Ardennes (Nicolas Schroeder)
Christina Folke Ax, NielsBrimnes, Niklas Thode Jensen and Karen Oslund, eds., Cultivating the Colonies: Colonial States and Their Environmental Legacies (Troy Vettese)
In vitro Embryo Morphogenesis and Micropropagation of Dendrobium aggregatum Roxb.
Authors: Hossain Mohammad Musharof 
Published: January 2014

In vitro embryo morphogenesis and micropropagation of Dendrobium aggregatum Roxb. were described. The gradual developmental stages of embryos to seedlings were traced out. Within two weeks of culture the cells of undifferented embryos underwent repeated aniclinal and periclinal division producing a compact, green parenchymatous cell mass called spherule that emerged out by rupturing the testa. The spherules subsequently differentiated into greenish protocorms were considered as typical seed germination. Germination occurred on both (MS and Phytamax (PM) medium but MS medium proved to be more efficient. The primary protocorms underwent profuse proliferation through production of secondary (2º) protocorms when transferred to different plant growth regulators (PGRs) supplemented MS; the medium fortified with 2.0 mg/l BAP and 1.0 mg/l NAA proved to be most effective for induction of 2º protocorms and seedling development. Multiple shoot buds (MSBs) were induced in pseudobulb segments of the in vitro grown seedlings when cultured on different PGRs supplemented media; and the maximum number of MSBs were obtained MS + 2.0 mg/l BAP + 0.5 mg/l picloram. The MSBs underwent elongation and then they rooted when they were transferred to half strength of MS + 0.5 mg/l IAA. The well rooted plantlets were finally transferred to outside natural environment with 80% survival. D. O. I. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ptcb.v23i2.17525 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 23(2): 241-249, 2013 (December)
Effect of Media Types and Carbon Sources on In vitro Shoot Proliferation of Spilanthes acmella (L.) Murray
Authors: Joshi Veenu , Jadhav S. K. 
Published: January 2014

D. O. I. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ptcb.v23i2.17529Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 23(2): 283-288, 2013 (December)
La crise des subprimes : une crise historique du capitalisme
Authors: Plihon Dominique 
Published: January 2014

La crise des subprimes qui a éclaté aux États-Unis en 2007 et s’est propagée à l’économie mondiale, a donné lieu à une abondante littérature. La plupart des économistes y ont vu principalement le résultat d’un dysfonctionnement du système financier. Il s’agit en réalité d’une crise beaucoup plus profonde du capitalisme contemporain, dans la lignée des grandes crises de 1873 et 1929 1 . Pour comprendre la spécificité de cette crise, il est bien sûr nécessaire de décrire les mécanismes financiers qui ont contribué à son déclenchement 2 , mais il est tout aussi important de faire apparaître la nature systémique de cette crise, qui se manifeste par son caractère pluridimensionnel – idéologique, social, politique et écologique.
La crise de l'euro est-elle derrière nous ?
Authors: Marteau Didier 
Published: January 2014

La question de la stabilité à court ou moyen terme de la zone euro est une question devenue politiquement incorrecte. Grâce à la multiplication de mécanismes de soutien aux noms le plus souvent opaques – FESF, MES, PSI... –, le risque d’occurrence d’une grave crise de la dette souveraine ou d’éclatement de la zone euro aurait disparu. La démonstration s’apparente cependant plus à un sophisme qu’à un raisonnement construit.
Consommation et épargne :
Authors: Cotelette Patrick 
Published: January 2014

Suite au déclenchement de la crise financière au courant de l’été 2008, le pessimisme n’a cessé de monter parmi les ménages américains et européens. Celui-ci s’est notamment manifesté par une augmentation de l’épargne de précaution qui a conduit à une baisse des dépenses de consommation des mêmes ménages. Il semblerait ainsi qu’il existe une relation claire entre la consommation et l’épargne. Mais qu’en est-il réellement ? Les relations entre la consommation et l’épargne ne sont-elles pas plus complexes que le bon sens – et certains courants économiques – ne veulent le croire ?
Keynes et les synthèses néoclassico-keynésiennes :
Authors: Piluso Nicolas 
Published: January 2014

À l’aune du développement de modèles macroéconomiques issus d’une nouvelle synthèse entre néoclassiques et keynésiens, il semble intéressant de réactiver une réflexion qui fut particulièrement vive dès les premières tentatives de « colonisation » de Keynes par les néoclassiques : qu’est-ce qui peut expliquer que des économistes se qualifiant de néokeynésiens puissent fournir une grille d’analyse si éloignée des enseignements initiaux de la Théorie générale [1] 1 ?
Détruire pour exister : les grèves du lait en France (1964, 1972 et 2009)
Authors: Lynch Édouard 
Published: January 2014

Les manifestations menées par les agriculteurs en France à l’automne 2009, sous la forme de grèves du lait, se sont principalement caractérisées par des destructions importantes de lait, épandu dans les champs ou déversé dans les fosses à lisier, rencontrant un fort écho médiatique. Au-delà des effets recherchés d’interpellation et de scandalisation, de telles pratiques s’inscrivent dans le temps long de l’élaboration d’un répertoire d’action spécifique au monde agricole, que l’on peut observer à travers les trois grèves du lait qui se sont produites depuis un demi-siècle. Les modes d’action déployés en 1964, 1972 et 2009, reflètent ainsi les transformations des rapports de force économiques et syndicaux et la nécessité de proposer des actions toujours plus visibles. L’importance décisive de l’accès aux médias – et notamment à la télévision – dans la mise en œuvre des mobilisations collectives conduit à souligner les mutations des systèmes de représentation de l’agriculture et de la paysannerie et de leurs usages par les acteurs professionnels et médiatiques.
An Exploratory, Population-Based, Mixed-Methods Program Evaluation of User Satisfaction of Services Provided by a Regional Extension Center (REC)
Authors: Rutala M. , Ihde C. , Bills A. , Mollon L. , Warholak T. , Tang D. 
Published: January 2014

Summary
Objectives: To evaluate user satisfaction among practices receiving services provided by the Arizona Regional Extension Center (REC).
Methods: This program evaluation utilized a mixed-methods approach including: 1) a mail-based survey targeting all 489 REC member practices; and 2) a series of telephone-based focus groups using a convenience sample of rural and urban REC member practices. Targeted respondents were key contacts who handle interactions with the REC at each practice. Program evaluators at the University of Arizona and experts at Arizona Health-e Connection (AzHeC) created the questionnaires, focus group script, participant invitation and follow up documents via a collaborative process. Regression and Rasch analyses were used to identify key factors associated with satisfaction with REC and to assess questionnaire validity, respectively.
Results: Responses from both the focus groups and survey revealed that most of the respondents were satisfied with the current services, despite the presence of satisfaction gaps between practices of various characteristics: respondents that were clinicians, practices using web-based electronic health record systems (EHRs), and practices that had achieved Stage 1 Meaningful Use had a higher level of satisfaction compared with their respective counterparts. Focus group participants provided suggestions for improving REC services.
Conclusions: Most respondents reported being satisfied with REC services. Specialized representatives may be needed for practices at different stages of Meaningful Use to further improve REC satisfaction in order to facilitate more efficient adoption of EHRs.
Citation: Tang D, Rutala M, Ihde C, Bills A, Mollon L, Warholak T. An exploratory, population-based, mixedmethods program evaluation of user satisfaction of services provided by a regional extension center (REC). Appl Clin Inf 2014; 5: 1–24 http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2013-06-RA-0037
Effect of Periodontal Treatment on Preterm Birth Rate: Meta-analysis
Authors: Alobaid Adel S 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT

Introduction
During pregnancy, the prevalence and severity of gingivitis have been reported to be elevated. Studies suggest that periodontitis is associated with an increased risk of preterm birth (PTB), as well as low birth weight (LBW) and pre-eclampsia. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to determine whether the treatment of periodontal disease by mechanical debridement and oral hygiene instructions during pregnancy will reduce the incidence of PTB < 37 weeks.

Materials and methods
Literature search was conducted for all clinical trials that related to periodontal disease and PTB from 2005 to 2012. Five were selected based no randomization technique, sample size and treatment approach. There were 2,767 patients randomly assigned to treatment group, in these trials, and 2,592 subjects randomly assigned to control group.

Results
There were 276 (9.98%) PTBs in treatment group vs 270 (10.42%) in control group. A total of 216 (8%) LBW were seen in experimental groups and 193 (7.5%) in control group. Our results showed no significant difference in the incidence of PTB with or without received periodontal treatment during pregnancy. Risk ratio (RR) was 0.99 (95% CI: 0.74-1.33) (p = 0.97) with moderate heterogeneity 12.33. df = 4 (p = 0.02) with I2= 68%. Experimental groups showed better periodontal health after delivery.

Conclusion
Periodontal treatment may improve the oral health during pregnancy without affecting the pregnancy outcome however; it did not reduce the incidence of PTB and LBW. Larger meta-analysis with less heterogeneity is needed.

How to cite this article
Alobaid AS. Effect of Periodontal Treatment on Preterm Birth Rate: Meta-analysis. World J Dent 2013;4(4):256-261.
Virulence Factor and Pathogenicity of Candida albicans in Oral Candidiasis
Authors: Nasution Abdillah Imron 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT
Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungus causing various forms of candidiasis. However, under certain circumstances it is capable of becoming pathogenic. Pathogenicity of oral candidiasis is a complex process and there is no one factor that can be regarded as the direct cause. This review aims to explain the virulence factors of Candida albicans in oral candidiasis infection and its relation to homeostasis in the mouth. Virulence factors of Candida albicans which is closely related to the nature of pathogens include: adherence and coaggregation, interference of immune system, phenotype switching and several supporting factors such as antibiotic resistance and immunomodulating.

How to cite this article
Nasution AI. Virulence Factor and Pathogenicity of Candida albicans in Oral Candidiasis. World J Dent 2013;4(4):267-271.
Chinese Food Security and Climate Change: Agriculture Futures
Authors: Ye Liming , Tang Huajun , Wu Wenbin , Yang Peng , Nelson Gerald C. , Mason-D’Croz Daniel , Palazzo Amanda 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Climate change is now affecting agriculture and food production in every country of the world. Here the authors present the IMPACT model results on yield, production, and net trade of major crops in China, and on daily calorie availability as an overall indicator of food security under climate change scenarios and socio-economic pathways in 2050. The obtained results show a relatively optimistic outlook on yield, production and trade toward 2050. The outcomes of calorie availability suggest that China will be able to maintain a level of at least 3,000 kilocalories per day through 2010 to 2050. Overall, Chinese agriculture is relatively resilient to climate change. It is unlikely that Chinese food security by 2050 will be compromised in the context of climate change. The major challenge to food security, however, will rise from increasing demand coupled with regional disparities in adaptive capacity to climate change.
Focal Surgery in Testis Cancer: Current State of the Art
Authors: Palermo Giuseppe , Antonucci Michele , Recupero Salvatore Marco , Fiorillo Alessandro , Vittori Matteo , Bassi Pier Francesco , Gulino Gaetano 
Published: January 2014

Radical orchiectomy is the standard treatment of testicular neoplasia causing androgen insufficiency, infertility and psychological stress. Focal surgery allows the preservation of fertility, endocrine function and integrity of the genital anatomy, with preservation of the image of the male body. The EAU guidelines suggest focal surgery in case of synchronous bilateral tumours, metachronous contralateral tumours, tumour in solitary testis with normal pre-operative testosterone levels, when the tumour volume is less than 30% of the testicular volume. There are two focal surgical techniques: tumorectomy and polar resection, followed by biopsies and frozen section of the resection bed. In case of benign tumours, the treatment is often curative. In case of malignancy, carcinoma in situ is frequently found in the surrounding tissues. Adjuvant treatment with chemotherapy or radiotherapy is performed with a fair success rate. These adjuvant treatments reduce or delete the functional benefits achieved by conservative surgery. The evidence of the literature suggests that focal surgery is a valid option for all patients with testicular tumours that are not palpable and small sized, with the advantage of avoiding unnecessary radical orchiectomy in most of cases. Therefore, the selection criteria for focal surgery are the mass size (less than 25 mm) and a safety distance of the tumor from the rete testis, in order to preserve testicular vascularization. A close follow-up with ultrasound, testicular markers and radiological examinations is mandatory in case of germ cell neoplasia treated conservatively in patients with indications for conservative surgery.
Decadal shift of biogenic sinking particle flux in the western North Pacific subpolar region
Authors: Watanabe Yutaka W. , Shigemitsu Masahito , Ujiie Takashi , Minami Hideki 
Published: January 2014

AbstractTime series of biogenic sinking particle flux in the western North Pacific subpolar region over two decades (1989–2008) revealed that the biogenic CaCO3 (CC) flux has shown a significant decreasing trend of 2.7% year−1 (annual average, −0.88 ± 0.13 mg m2 day−1 year−1) along with the decreasing particulate organic carbon (POC) flux of 0.7% year−1, while the biogenic opal (OP) flux had no long‐term trend. Comparing these results with the decreasing rate of satellite‐derived surface CC with −0.7% year−1, we concluded that three fourths of the decreasing trend of CC flux was derived from the strengthening of CaCO3 dissolution through seawater column due to the weakening of water ventilation and the rest was from the decline of CaCO3‐shelled species, indicating the enhancement of the efficiency in oceanic sequestration of atmospheric CO2 in the sea surface of this region due to the increase of OP/CC ratio.
Tandem Diels–Alder/Coupling Reaction Involving Two Arynes: Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of Dihydronaphtho‐Fused Oxindole
Authors: Su Shikuan , Wang Ning , Li Chunju , Song Boyi , Jia Xueshun , Li Jian 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe reaction of arylidenoxindole and arynes formed in situ was investigated. Two arynes participated in the Diels–Alder cycloaddition and coupling reactions, thus providing quick and efficient access to structurally unusual dihydronaphtho‐fused oxindoles. The present strategy also demonstrates its excellent stereoselectivity and convenient experimental set‐up.
Die Cambridge Structural Database: Rückblick und Vorausschau
Authors: Groom Colin R. , Allen Frank H. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractDas Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre (CCDC) wurde 1965 gegründet. Das Ziel war die Einrichtung einer Institution, die numerische, chemische und bibliographische Daten von organischen und metallorganischen Kristallstrukturen archiviert. In der Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) sind heute nahezu 700 000 Strukturen hinterlegt, und sie ist ein historisch lückenloses Archiv der niedermolekularen Kristallographie. Fast 40 000 Neueinträge werden jedes Jahr verzeichnet. Da die Röntgenkristallographie ihr einhundertstes Jubiläum feiert – und das CCDC bald sein fünfzigstes –, wollen wir in diesem Kurzaufsatz die Anfänge des CCDC als eine öffentlich geförderte Institution und seine weitere Entwicklung in eine gemeinnützige Einrichtung nachverfolgen. Wir beschreiben die Entwicklung der CSD und ihres Softwaresystems und betrachten ihre Auswirkungen auf die Forschung in der Strukturchemie, den Materialwissenschaften sowie der Biologie und Medizin. Außerdem diskutieren wir das Finanzierungsmodell des CCDC vor dem Hintergrund der Open‐Access‐ und Open‐Data‐Debatte.
Ein systematischer Vergleich peptidischer Proteasominhibitoren unterstreicht α‐Ketoamid als vielversprechende elektrophile Leitstruktur
Authors: Stein Martin L. , Cui Haissi , Beck Philipp , Dubiella Christian , Voss Constantin , Krüger Achim , Schmidt Boris , Groll Michael 
Published: January 2014

AbstractDas Ubiquitin‐Proteasom‐System (UPS) wurde in akademischer wie pharmazeutischer Forschung erfolgreich für onkologische und immunologische Anwendungen adressiert. Typische Proteasominhibitoren basieren auf einem peptidischen Rückgrat, das mit einem elektrophilen C‐Terminus zur Bindung an die aktiven proteolytischen Zentren gekuppelt ist. Obwohl der peptidische Anteil viel Interesse bezüglich der Untereinheitenselektivität hervorgerufen hat, wird die Wirkspezifität und biologische Stabilität der Substanzen entscheidend durch die reaktiven Kopfgruppen geprägt. In dieser Studie wurde daher eine systematische Untersuchung mit In‐vitro‐, In‐vivo‐ und strukturbiologischen Methoden durchgeführt, um die Auswirkungen unterschiedlicher Funktionalitäten und chemischer Reaktivitäten aufzudecken. Dies ermöglichte die Einführung und Charakterisierung der Klasse der α‐Ketoamide als potenteste reversible Inhibitoren mit möglichen Anwendungen für die Behandlung von soliden Tumoren und Autoimmunerkrankungen.
Viscoelastic properties and extrusion processability of poly(vinyl butyral)
Authors: Arayachukiat Sunatda , Siriprumpoonthum Monchai , Nobukawa Shogo , Yamaguchi Masayuki 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTRheological properties and flow instability at capillary extrusion of a random terpolymer composed of vinyl butyral, vinyl alcohol, and vinyl acetate, that is denoted as PVB in this article, are studied. It is found that the rubbery plateau modulus
is 1.3 MPa at 100°C from the oscillatory shear modulus. Furthermore, the average molecular weight between entanglement couplings Me is found to be 2670. Because of the relatively high value of
, it shows rubbery region in the wide temperature range (90°C–180°C). At the capillary extrusion, the surface instability (shark‐skin failure) appears prior to volumetric melt fracture. The onset stress of the shark‐skin failure, ca. 0.18 MPa, is similar to that of polyethylene, although PVB used in this study has narrow molecular weight distribution. Moreover, the apparent slippage is not detected, presumably due to good adhesion to the die wall. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40337.
Increased Th17 Cell Frequency and Poor Clinical Outcome in Rheumatoid Arthritis Are Associated With a Genetic Variant in the IL4R Gene, rs1805010
Authors: Leipe Jan , Schramm Markus A. , Prots Iryna , Schulze‐Koops Hendrik , Skapenko Alla 
Published: January 2014

ObjectiveThe minor allele of the IL4R gene single‐nucleotide polymorphism, rs1805010, confers impaired interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) signaling and has been associated with an aggressive destructive course of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). IL‐4 inhibits the development of Th17 cells, a cell population recently identified as being prominent in RA patients and being associated with cartilage and bone destruction. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether rs1805010 modulates Th17 cell development and, hence, subsequent clinical outcome in RA.MethodsA total of 90 patients with early, active RA (mean ± SD Disease Activity Score in 28 joints 4.6 ± 1.1) and 39 control subjects (24 healthy subjects and 15 patients with osteoarthritis [OA]) were genotyped. Serum levels of IL‐17 and IL‐22 as well as frequencies of Th17 cells were analyzed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and flow cytometry. Clinical and radiographic data were collected and evaluated at baseline and 1 year after disease onset.ResultsTwenty‐six percent of the RA patients were homozygous for the major allele of rs1805010, 60% were heterozygous, and 14% were homozygous for the minor allele. The RA patients who were homozygous for the minor allele demonstrated significantly higher clinical activity associated with the presence of erosions after 1 year of followup as compared to the other RA patients. The inhibitory effect of IL‐4 on Th17 cell development in these patients was significantly less prominent. Accordingly, the frequencies of Th17 cells and serum levels of IL‐17 and IL‐22 were significantly increased.ConclusionThe data indicate that the rs1805010 minor allele contributes to increased Th17 cell frequency, enhanced clinical activity, and accelerated radiographic progression in RA by rendering CD4 T cells from RA patients insensitive to the attenuating effect of IL‐4 on Th17 cell development.