bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beware! Different methods lead to divergent results on yawn contagion modulation in bonobos
Authors: De Vittoris Sara , Caselli Marta , Demuru Elisa , Gillespie Lisa , Norscia Ivan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractContagious yawning (CY)—linked to physiological synchronization and possibly emotional contagion—occurs when one individual's yawn induces yawning in others. CY was investigated over different time windows (minutes from the triggering stimulus) via naturalistic or experimental studies (using real and video yawns, respectively) with contrasting results, especially in bonobos. We verified whether in bonobos result divergences may derive from different methods. We gathered yawning data on 13 bonobos at Twycross Zoo (UK) via a naturalistic (all‐occurrences observations) and experimental approach (by showing yawn/control video stimuli). Based on literature, we used 1‐ and 3‐min windows to detect CY. Due to fission‐fusion management, individuals could form permanent or non‐permanent associations (more/less familiar subjects under naturalistic setting). Video yawn stimuli may come from group mates/stranger models (more/less familiar subjects under the experimental setting). Stimulus type and time window affected CY modulating factors but not CY detection. Familiarity and age effect on CY showed opposite trends in 3‐min trials and 1‐min observations. CY was highest in oldest, non‐permanently (rather than permanently) associated subjects in the naturalistic setting, but in the youngest subjects and with ingroup (rather than outgroup) models in trials. The age effect differences on CY might be due to decontextualized yawns and immature subject curiosity toward videos. The reversed familiarity effect suggests CY's context‐dependent function in promoting social synchronization with socially distant group mates, as failing to coordinate as a group may lead to social disruption. Complementary methods are needed to fully understand motor replication phenomena.
Potent and Protease Resistant Azapeptide Agonists of the GLP‐1 and GIP Receptors
Authors: Dinsmore Tristan C. , Liu Jamie , Miao Jiayuan , Ünsal Özge , Sürmeli Damla , Beinborn Martin , Lin Yu‐Shan , Kumar Krishna 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe gut‐derived peptide hormones glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) and glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) play important physiological roles including glucose homeostasis and appetite suppression. Stabilized agonists of the GLP‐1 receptor (GLP‐1R) and dual agonists of GLP‐1R and GIP receptor (GIPR) for the management of type 2 diabetes and obesity have generated widespread enthusiasm and have become blockbuster drugs. These therapeutics are refractory to the action of dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP4), that catalyzes rapid removal of the two N‐terminal residues of the native peptides, in turn severely diminishing their activity profiles. Here we report that a single atom change from carbon to nitrogen in the backbone of the entire peptide makes them refractory to DPP4 action while still retaining full potency and efficacy at their respective receptors. This was accomplished by use of aza‐amino acids, that are bioisosteric replacements for α‐amino acids that perturb the structural backbone and local side chain conformations. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal that aza‐amino acid can populate the same conformational space that GLP‐1 adopts when bound to the GLP‐1R. The insertion of an aza‐amino acid at the second position from the N‐terminus in semaglutide and in a dual agonist of GLP‐1R and GIPR further demonstrates its capability as a viable alternative to current DPP4 resistance strategies while offering additional structural variation that may influence downstream signaling.
Self‐Initiated Nano‐Micelles Mediated Covalent Modification of mRNA for Labeling and Treatment of Tumors
Authors: Li Yong , Lei Xiao‐Ling , Zhang Xiao‐Shuai , Zhang Bin , Hu Yong‐Guo , Guan Meng , Cheng Kai , Chen Wei , Liu Bo , Fan Jin‐Xuan , Zhao Yuan‐Di 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAs a promising gene therapy strategy, controllable small molecule‐mRNA covalent modification in tumor cells could be initiated by singlet oxygen (1O2) to complete the modification process. However, in vivo generation of 1O2 is usually dependent on excitation of external light, and the limited light penetration of tissues greatly interferes the development of deep tumor photo therapy. Here, we constructed a tumor‐targeting nano‐micelle for the spontaneous intracellular generation of 1O2 without the need for external light, and inducing a high level of covalent modification of mRNA in tumor cells. Luminol and Ce6 were chemically bonded to produce 1O2 by chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer (CRET) triggered by high levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the tumor microenvironment (TME). The sufficient 1O2 oxidized the loaded furan to highly reactive dicarbonyl moiety, which underwent cycloaddition reaction with adenine (A), cytosine (C) or guanine (G) on the mRNA for interfering with the tumor cell protein expression, thereby inhibiting tumor progression. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that this self‐initiated gene therapy nano‐micelle could induce covalent modification of mRNA by 1O2 without external light, and the process could be monitored in real time by fluorescence imaging, which provided an effective strategy for RNA‐based tumor gene therapy.
A new application of MoS2@AG@PA prepared by irradiation: Synergizing with magnesium hydroxide to enhance fire safety and other key properties of EVA composites
Authors: Zhang Tongwei , Qin Huijie , Bao Lihong , Xu Mingkao , Dang Bo , Li Jianxi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTwo‐dimensional molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheets are seen as highly promising nanofillers for enhancing polymer properties, yet there is a need for methods that are low‐cost, simple, and environmentally friendly to facilitate the large‐scale production of MoS2 nanosheets. Furthermore, it is necessary to functionalize the MoS2 surface to ensure good interfacial compatibility with the polymer matrix. In this study, MoS2@Ag@PA hybrids were created by generating silver nanoparticles directly on the surface of MoS2 via radiation, followed by encapsulation on the surface of MoS2@Ag through the chelating properties of phytic acid. It is significant to note that, due to the excellent lubrication and physical cross‐linking effects of the MoS2@Ag@PA hybrids, adding one part of MoS2@Ag@PA hybrids can enhance the melt flow rate and elongation at break of the ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA)/MH composites by 140% and 17.3%, respectively. The simultaneous addition of one part of MoS2@Ag@PA hybrids decreased the peak heat release rate, total heat release, and total smoke release of the EVA composites by 48.7%, 42.7%, and 41.2%, respectively. Moreover, the toxic gasses (e.g., CO) generated by burning EVA composites were significantly reduced compared to pure EVA, indicating improved fire safety. This research not only provides significant opportunities for the green mass production of MoS2 nanosheets but also expands their potential applications in high‐performance nanocomposites.
Functional expression and characterization of CAPA receptor in the digestive tract and life stages of Drosophila suzukii, and differential activities with insect PRXamide peptides
Authors: Price Briana E. , Jang Hyo Sang , Parks Ryssa K. , Choi Man‐Yeon 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSpotted‐wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura), is an invasive vinegar fly that is a major threat to the small fruits industries globally. Insect capa genes encode multiple neuropeptides, including CAPA‐periviscerokinin (CAPA‐PVK) peptides, that are specifically known to cause diuresis or anti‐diuresis in various organisms. Here we identified and characterized a corresponding G protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR) of the D. suzukii CAPA‐PVK peptides: CAPA receptor (CAPA‐R). To better characterize the behavior of D. suzukii CAPA‐R, we used insect cell‐based functional expression assays to evaluate responses of CAPA‐R against D. suzukii CAPA‐PVKs, CAPA‐PVKs from five species in Insecta, one species from Mollusca, modified CAPA‐PVK peptides, and some PRXamide family peptides: pyrokinin (PK), diapause hormone (DH), and ecdysis‐triggering hormone (ETH). Functional studies revealed that the D. suzukii CAPA‐R is strongly activated by both of its own natural D. suzukii CAPA‐PVKs, and interestingly, it was strongly activated by other CAPA‐PVK peptides from Frankliniella occidentallis (Thysanoptera), Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera), Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera) and Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera). However, D. suzukii CAPA‐R was not activated by Mollusca CAPA‐PVK or the other PRXamide peptides. Gene expression analyses showed that the CAPA‐R was highly expressed in the Malpighian tubules and moderately in hindgut compared to other digestive organs or the rest of body, supporting diuretic/antidiuretic functionality. When compared across life stages of D. suzukii, expression of CAPA‐R was approximately 1.5x greater in the third instar than the other stages and minimally detected in the eggs, 4‐day old pupae and 3‐day old adults. Our results functionally characterized the D. suzukii CAPA‐R and a few short peptides were identified as potential biological targets to exploit the CAPA‐R for D. suzukii management.
Evidence for the O−H⋅⋅⋅O=C Resonance‐Assisted Hydrogen Bond in Tropolones and Quantification of its σ‐ and π‐Components Using Molecular Tailoring Approach
Authors: Afonin Andrei V. , Rusinska‐Roszak Danuta 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFor a series of tropolones, the nature of the intramolecular O−H⋅⋅⋅O=C hydrogen bond closing the five‐membered quasi‐cycle was studied. Enhancement of conjugation in the hydrogen‐bonded rotamer was revealed. Quantification of hydrogen bond energy in tropolones via the molecular tailoring approach yields values in the range from 15 to 20 kcal/mol suggesting that the intramolecular interaction in tropolones has nature of the resonance‐assisted hydrogen bond. The total resonance‐assisted hydrogen bond energy in the tropolones was divided into σ‐ and π‐components. The magnitudes of total energy of resonance‐assisted hydrogen bond in the substituted tropolones can be controlled by the electronic properties of the substituents at the tropone ring. In 3‐, 4‐, and 5‐substituted tropolones, the resonance‐assisted hydrogen bond energy is raised due to electron‐donating substituents and lowered due to electron‐withdrawing ones. The opposite trend is observed in 7‐substituted tropolones. The size of the π‐shares plays a crucial role in establishing the total energy of resonance‐assisted hydrogen bond. The reason for the occurrence of a resonance‐assisted hydrogen bond in the tropolones is the molecular backbone aromaticity, since, in accordance with the Hückel rule, 10 π‐electrons are delocalized.
Design of a Doherty power amplifier based on extended continuous class‐GF mode for broadband applications
Authors: Xuan Xuefei , Cheng Zhiqun , Hayes Brendan , Zhang Zhiwei , Zhao Ziming , Gong Tingwei , Le Chao 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this article, a systematic theory and design approach are presented to achieve bandwidth expansion of the Doherty power amplifier (DPA) by using extended continuous Class‐GF (ECCGF) power amplifiers (PAs) as carrier PAs. The results of the theoretical analysis indicate that compared to conventional DPA, introducing ECCGF PA as carrier PA into the DPA design can establish two larger target impedance spaces with overlapping regions for saturation and output back‐off (OBO) power levels, which can reduce the design complexity of impedance inverter networks (IINs) while achieving DPA bandwidth expansion. Based on this, the proposed design theory is validated in the design and fabrication of a prototype DPA employing the CGH40010F GaN HEMT provided by MACOM. The measured results show that under continuous wave excitation, the designed DPA delivers a saturated output power of 43.1–44.2 dBm in the range of 1.3–2.7 GHz with a relative bandwidth of 70%. The drain efficiencies of 61.2%–73.2% and 42.5%–52.7% are achieved over the entire band at the saturation and 6‐dB OBO power levels, respectively. The measured results also confirmed the theoretical findings.
Systematic approach to improve performance of asymmetrical 21‐level inverter with fewer components
Authors: Das Madan Kumar , Mahish Priyatosh , Buduma Parusharamulu , Mishra Sukumar 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper proposes a systematic approach to enhance the performance of a 21‐level asymmetrical multilevel inverter (MLI) with less power electronics switches and DC voltage sources. In the first step (Configuration 1), the voltage level is improved at the cost of DC‐link voltage utilization. In the second step (Configuration 2), the ratio of the DC‐link voltages is modified to improve the utilization of DC‐link voltage, with an insignificant reduction of voltage levels as compared to Configuration 1. Finally, another modification of the MLI configuration is proposed (Configuration 3), by incorporating an H‐bridge in place of a T‐type module for further improvement of DC source utilization and increasing the number of voltage levels. Thus, Configuration 3 improves the inverter's total standing voltage (TSV) and efficiency. To reduce the number of DC sources, the output voltage levels are obtained in Configuration 3 by adding and subtracting the input DC sources. Moreover, conducting switches are reduced to minimize conduction loss and maximize efficiency. The DS1103‐based digital controller is used to verify the performance of the proposed configurations, which are compared with the literature‐based MLI models.
Assessment of suspended sediment export and dynamics using in‐line turbidity sensors and time series statistical models
Authors: Tye Andrew M. , Leeming Kathryn A. , Gong Mengyi , Marchant Benjamin , Hurst Martin D. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe Coln is an ecologically sensitive river in a limestone dominated catchment with no major tributaries. Three in‐line turbidity sensors were installed to monitor changes in the dynamics of suspended sediment transport from headwaters to the confluence. The aims were to (i) provide estimates of yield (t km−2 year−1) and likely drivers of suspended sediment over ~3 years and (ii) assess turbidity dynamics during storm events in different parts of the catchment. In addition, the sensor installation allowed a novel wavelet analysis based on identifying groups of turbidity peaks to estimate transport times of suspended sediment through the catchment. Yearly suspended sediment yields calculated for the upper catchment were typically less than 4 t ha−1 year−1 being similar to other UK limestone or chalk‐based rivers. Time series autoregressive integrated moving average models including explanatory variable regression modelling indicated that river discharge, groundwater level and water temperature were all significant predictors of turbidity levels throughout the year. However, high model residuals demonstrate that the models failed to capture random turbidity events. Five parts of the time series data were used to examine sediment dynamics. Plots of scaled discharge verses turbidity demonstrated that in the upper catchment, after initial suspended sediment generation, sediment quickly became limited. In the lower catchment, hysteresis analysis suggested that sediment dilution occurred, due to increasing base flow. The novel wavelet analysis demonstrated that during winter ‘sediment events’ identified as groups of turbidity peaks, took ~18 h to pass from the first sensor in the upper catchment to the second sensor (10.3 km downstream of sensor 1) and 24 h to the third sensor (23.3 km from sensor 1). The work demonstrates the potential for using multiple turbidity sensors and time series statistical techniques in developing greater understanding of suspended sediment dynamics and associated poor water quality in ecologically sensitive rivers.
Advancements in covalent organic framework‐based nanocomposites: Pioneering materials for CO2 reduction and storage
Authors: Singh Pallavi , Dave Pragnesh N 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe persistent increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration poses a significant contemporary challenge. Contemporary chemistry is heavily focused on sustainable solutions, particularly the photo‐/electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 and its utilization for energy storage. Despite promising prospects, efficient chemical CO2 conversion faces obstacles such as ineffective CO2 uptake/activation and catalyst mass transport. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as potential catalysts due to their precise structural design, functionalizable chemical environments, and robust architectures. COF‐based materials, especially those incorporating diverse active sites like single metal sites, metal nanoparticles, and metal oxides, hold promise for CO2 conversion and energy storage. This review sheds light on CO2 photoreduction/electroreduction and storage in Li‐CO2 batteries catalyzed by COF‐based composites, focusing on recent advancements in integrating COFs with nanoparticles for CO2 reduction. It discusses design principles, synthesis methods, and catalytic mechanisms driving the enhanced performance of COF‐based nanocomposites across various applications, including electrochemical reduction, photocatalysis, and lithium CO2 batteries. The review also addresses challenges and prospects of COF‐based catalysts for efficient CO2 utilization, aiming to steer the development of innovative COF‐based nanocomposites, thus advancing sustainable energy technologies and environmental stewardship. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fossile Hölzer mit schmalen apotrachealen Parenchymbändern II. Arten aus den Gattungen Ebenoxylon Felix und Eudiospyroxylon gen. nov.
Authors: Müller‐Stoll Wolfgang R. , Mädel‐Angeliewa Erika 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungIm zweiten Teil der Arbeit werden die Ebenaceen behandelt; sie gehören ebenfalls zu den Hölzern mit schmalen apotrachealen Parenchymbändern. Es wird hier Ebenoxylon diospyroides Felix emend, sowie Eudiospyroxylon multiradiadum (Felix) comb. nov. beschriehen. Beide Hölzer stammen aus der Schliffsammlung Felix in Leipzig und gehören zu den Stücken von der Insel Antigua (Kleine Antillen). Letzteres ist das zweite Holz der Gruppe Eudiospyroxylon; das erste stammt aus Nordamerika und wird als E. washingtonianum (Prakash & Barghoorn) comb. nov. bezeichnet.
Fossile Hölzer mit schmalen apotrachealen Parenchymbändern, III. Die Sapotaceae‐Gattung Chrysophylloxylon gen. nov.
Authors: Müller‐Stoll Wolfgang R. , Mädel‐Angeliewa Erika 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungIm dritten Teil der Arbeit werden die Sapotaceae behandelt. Es handelt sich um ein neues Holz aus Ungarn, Chrysophylloxylon reticulatum gen. nov., sp. nov., von Szakal im Komitat Nógrád. Die Schliffe gehören dem Senckenberg Museum in Frankfurt am Main, die Stücke dagegen der Ungarischen Geologischen Anstalt in Budapest. Am Schluß wird eine Übersicht über alle bisher bekannten Hölzer mit schmalen apotrachealen Parenchymbändern gegeben. Diese Übersicht bezieht sich auf alle drei Teile dieser Arbeit.
A survey of the ruderal plant communities of Western Slovakia I.1)
Authors: Eliásn Pavol 
Published: August 2024

SummaryShort characteristics of the plant nitrophilous communities occurring in Western Slovakia, Czechoslovakia, are presented in the form of the syntaxonomical survey. The survey contains about 130 ruderal associations belonging to the classes Bidentetea tripatiti Tx., Lohmeyer et Preising in Tx. 1950, Sisymbrietea officinalis Gutte et Hilbig 1975 em., Polygono‐Chenopodietea (Lohmeyer, J. et R. Tx. 1961) Eliáš 1983, Meliloto‐Artemisietea absinthii Eliáš 1980. Artemisietea vulgaris Lohmeyer, Preising et Tx. in Tx. 1950 em. Eliáš 1981, Agropyretea repentis Oberdorfer, Th. Müller et Görs in Oberd. et al. 1967, Polygono‐Poetea annuae Rivas‐Martínez 1975 and Molinio‐Arrhenatheretea Tx. 1937 em. 1970.First typifying of the ruderal communities on the basis prevailing life‐forms, on the basis their seasonal dynamics and synphenology as well as on the basis of their position within the successional serie is given. The classification of the anthropogenic habitats of the ruderal communities in the region is also presented. The paper contains complete bibliography of the phytoeenological literature on Slovak ruderal vegetation.
The taxonomic position of Ceraria Pears. & Steph., Portulacaria Jacq, and Silvaea Phil.
Authors: Nyananyo B. Louis , Olowokudejo J. Dele 
Published: August 2024

SummaryPrior to this study, Ceraria Pearson & Stephens, Portulacaria Jacquin and Silvaea Philippi are generally regarded as genera of uncertain taxonomic affinity. They are usually placed between the Basellaceae and Portulacaceae. Evidence is adduced to indicate that these genera are closer to the .Portulacaceae, especially in respect of pollen morphology, leaf flavonoids embryo position and habit.
Floral anatomy of two Lentibulariaceae
Authors: Narayana L. L. , Satyavathi D. V. Laxmi 
Published: August 2024

SummaryThe floral anatomy of Utricularia bifida L. and U. albocaerulea Dalz, has been studied. The flower is strongly zygomorphic with connation, adnation and reduction of floral parts and their traces. The vascular anatomy of the flower reveals the pentamerous plan of the flower (except the gynoecium). The sepals are 3‐traced and the petals and the stamens are single traced. A spur is developed from the anterior corolla lobe. There is no external or anatomical evidence for the suppressed stamens. The ovary is bicarpellary, syncarpous, unilocular with ovules on free central placentation. The carpels are 5‐traced. The anterior stigmatic lobe alone is fertile. Stalked glandular hairs with a multicellular head arc present on the bract, bracteoles, sepals and the inner surface of the spur cavity.
The ruderal vegetation of Baškiria
Authors: Mirkin B. M. , Solomešč A. I. , Išbirdin A. R. , Sachapov M. T. 
Published: August 2024

SummaryThe ruderal vegetation of Baškiria has been investigated. The environments of this republic arc very different‐natural vegetation changes from conifer woods to steppe and soils from podzolic to chernozem. The syntaxonomy of ruderal communities drawn up in accordance with Braun‐Blanquet principles on the base of more than five thousands of relevés and includes five classes of the traditional Central European system (Bidentetea tripartiti, Chenopodietea. Artemisielea vulgaris, Agropyretea repentis, Plantaginetea majoris) and one new class Polygono‐Artemisietca austriacae – the xerophytic vicariant of Plantaginetea majoris. The phytosociological tables for associations arc given and syntaxonomical, syndynamical and ecological relations of these units are discussed.
Some Considerations on the late Miocene Flora from Vienna‐Türkenschanze (Austria)
Authors: Givulescu R. 
Published: August 2024

SummaryVegetation, ecology and climate are investigated on leaf flora of the late Miocene flora from Türkenschanze — Vienna (Austria), Arguments for a xeromorphic, short period of extremely aride climate are invalid. The fossil plant record, and the percentage of entire margined leaves indicates a warm temperate, of variable humidity, climate without remarkable dry season.