bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of climate change impacts on river discharge in Japan using the super‐high‐resolution MRI‐AGCM
Authors: Sato Yoshinobu , Kojiri Toshiharu , Michihiro Yuri , Suzuki Yasushi , Nakakita Eiichi 
Published: March 2013

AbstractTo evaluate the impacts of climate change on river discharge, we applied a hydrological simulation to several major river basins in Japan, using a super‐high‐resolution atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) with a horizontal resolution of about 20 km that was developed by the Meteorological Research Institute (MRI) of the Japan Meteorological Agency. For our analysis, we used two AGCM datasets corresponding to the current climate (1980–1999) and future climate (2080–2099) based on the sea surface temperature ensemble projected by the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 3, assuming the A1B scenario of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report on Emission Scenarios. River discharge was estimated using a distributed hydrological model that was calibrated in advance with observed river discharge. We investigated the impact of climate change on river discharge by comparing hydrological simulations of current and future climate conditions. The results showed that the latest version of the AGCM (MRI‐AGCM3.2S) performs better hydrological simulations than the previous version (MRI‐AGCM3.1S). Even if the amount of precipitation does not change greatly in the future, river discharges will change significantly as air temperature rises, owing to increased rainfall, decreased snowmelt, and increased evapotranspiration. The impact of climate change on river discharge will become more significant in northern Japan, especially in the Tohoku and Hokuriku regions. Our results imply that the increase in air temperature will have important consequences on the hydrological cycle, particularly in regions where the water supply is currently domi\nated by snowmelt. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Projection of “strong wind” events related to recovery from hypoxia in Tokyo Bay, Japan
Authors: Nakayama Keisuke , Maruya Yasuyuki , Nakaegawa Tosiyuki , Komai Katsuaki , Kokubo Kazuki , Ishida Tetsuya , Okada Tomonari 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis study describes the projection of sudden recovery from hypoxia in Tokyo Bay. Three different horizontal resolution of the Meteorological Research Institute Atmospheric General Circulation models (with a 20‐km mesh resolution), and eight Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 3 (CMIP3 models) outputs were applied to project the occurrence of strong negative (south–west) winds, which enhance rapid recovery from hypoxia in the bay. South–west wind energy, KEw, was successfully reproduced in all models by using bias correction based on a cumulative distribution function from the present day (1980–1998). The MRI‐AGCM3.1S with a 20‐km mesh resolution suggested an increase in the number of days with the square of southwesterly winds > 100 m2 s−2, but the other 10 models showed no significant difference in the future. As a result, it appears likely that recovery from hypoxia will not occur more frequently in the future if we assume that the other meteorological and hydrological conditions remain constant. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs and venous thromboembolism in women
Authors: Bergendal Annica , Adami Johanna , Bahmanyar Shahram , Hedenmalm Karin , Lärfars Gerd , Persson Ingemar , Sundström Anders , Kieler Helle 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTBackgroundNon‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) might increase the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), and risks might differ by type of NSAID. Compared with men, women have a higher incidence of VTE at younger age, and they more often use NSAIDs.ObjectivesTo assess risks of VTE in young and middle‐aged women in association with use of NSAIDs.Patients/MethodsIn a nationwide case–control study (Thrombo Embolism Hormone Study) performed in Sweden 2003–2009, we included as cases 1433 women, 18 to 64 years of age with a first time VTE. Controls were 1402 randomly selected women, frequency matched by age. Information was obtained by telephone interviews and DNA analyses of blood samples. We calculated adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) adjusting for degree of immobilization, chronic disease, smoking, body mass index, use of hormonal contraception, hormone therapy or other NSAIDs.ResultsUse of NSAIDs was not associated with increased risks of VTE (OR = 0.98, 95% CI 0.80–1.19). The OR was 0.88 for propionic acid derivatives (95% CI 0.72–1.10), 1.18 for acetic acid derivatives (95% CI 0.82–1.70) and 1.76 for coxibs (95% CI 0.73–4.27). For users of acetic acid derivatives and coxibs, the ORs increased by cumulative dose. Carriership of the prothrombin gene mutation or factor V Leiden had only minor effects on the results.ConclusionsWe found no increased risks of VTE in association with use of NSAIDs. Users of high cumulative doses of acetic acid derivatives and coxibs had the highest risks, suggesting a relationship with cyclooxygenase selectivity and dose. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Simple Thaw‐Freeze Algorithm for a Multi‐Layered Soil using the Stefan Equation
Authors: Changwei Xie , Gough William A. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTThe Stefan equation is one of the simplest approximate analytical solutions for the thaw‐freeze problem. It provides a useful method for predicting the depth of thawing/freezing in soils when little site‐specific information is available. The limited number of parameters in the Stefan equation makes possible its application in a multi‐layered system. We demonstrate that a widely used algorithm (JL‐algorithm), which has been frequently used in permafrost regions, was derived by an incorrect mathematical method. It will inevitably result in systematic errors in the simulation if this algorithm is used in a multi‐layered soil.We present another simple thaw‐freeze algorithm (XG‐algorithm) for multi‐layered soils. The new algorithm can be used to determine the freeze/thaw front in multi‐layered soils no matter how thick each layer is and how many layers the soil profile contains. Simulation results of the JL‐algorithm and the XG‐algorithm are compared using hypothetical soil profiles, and the XG‐algorithm is also used to simulate the thaw depth at three permafrost monitoring sites on the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau and one on the Loess Plateau, China. These applications show that the XG‐algorithm could be readily used to analyse the factors that affect active‐layer thickness. It can also be coupled with hydrological or land surface models to simulate the freeze‐thaw cycles in permafrost regions and for related engineering applications. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Au‐assisted growth of InAs nanowires on GaAs(111)B, GaAs(100), InP(111)B, InP(100) by MOVPE
Authors: Murakami S. , Funayama H. , Shimomura K. , Waho T. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAu‐assisted growth of InAs NWs by MOVPE growth was investigated. We will discuss the NWs characteristics on GaAs and InP substrate with (111)B and (100) orientation, and on the V/III ratio during the growth. We have observed the growth direction of NWs on each substrates and confirmed that the surface diffusion have relation to the diameter of NWs. In the GaAs (111)B substrate, the diameter and length of NWs were depended on the local density of NWs. Furthermore, the tapered NWs were decreased by lowering the V/III ratio. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Robotic hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery: lessons learned and predictors for conversion
Authors: Hanna Erin M. , Rozario Nigel , Rupp Christopher , Sindram David , Iannitti David A. , Martinie John B. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe use of surgical robots has slowly gained an increasing presence in the realm of hepatobiliary and pancreatic (HPB) surgery. With additional experience, anecdotal evidence has been useful in guiding patient selection for complex robotic procedures. In the following analysis, we reviewed our case series and looked for predictors of conversion in robotic HPB surgery.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed all patients who underwent robotic HPB procedures by a single surgeon at two institutions during March 2006–June 2012. Patient demographics, operative data, procedure type and conversion information were recorded. Trends were analysed for indications for conversion. A subset analysis of robotic‐assisted laparoscopic distal pancreatomy was performed and compared with laparoscopic and open distal pancreatectomy during the same time period by the same surgeon.ResultsDuring this time period, 77 patients underwent robotic hepatobiliary and pancreatic procedures. All procedures were performed by a single surgeon (J.M.) and included 38 males (49%) and 39 females (51%). Median age was 59 and the majority of patients were ASA class III. There were 24 conversions, which decreased in frequency from 2009 (7) to 2011 (3). Reasons for conversion included significant obesity and technical difficulty. Patients with conversions had more intraoperative blood loss (966 vs 176 ml), more frequently received transfusion (29% vs 2%) and were more likely to have postoperative intensive care. Overall length of stay was longer following conversion (8.3 vs 5.6 days).ConclusionsRobotic‐assisted hepatobiliary and pancreatic procedures are often extremely complex, with a significant learning curve. Recognizing factors that prohibit successful completion of a robotic‐assisted surgical procedure is key for patient safety. Careful patient selection in the appropriate settings facilitates the maximal benefit of robotic‐assisted complex HPB surgery. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Post‐earthquake fire resistance of CFRP strengthened reinforced concrete structures
Authors: Behnam Behrouz , Ronagh Hamid R. 
Published: March 2013

SUMMARYPost‐earthquake fire (PEF) presents a high risk to buildings that have been partially damaged in a prior earthquake, particularly in urban areas. As most standards and criteria ignore the possibility of fire after earthquake, buildings are not adequately designed for that possibility, and thus, PEF is a high‐risk load needed to be scrutinized further, codified and become part of a routine design. An investigation based on sequential analysis inspired by FEMA356 is performed here on two RC frames, of three and five stories, at the Life Safety performance level and designed to the ACI 318‐08 code, after they have been subjected to a spectral peak ground acceleration of 0.35 g. A fire analysis of the weakened structures follows, from which the time it takes for the damaged structures to collapse is determined. As a point of reference, the fire resistance is also determined for undamaged structures and before the occurrence of earthquake. The results show that structures previously damaged by the earthquake and exposed to PEF are considerably more vulnerable than those that have not been damaged previously. A method using carbon fiber‐reinforced polymer as a means of relocation of plastic hinges away from the column faces towards the beams is introduced as a function of the time required for fire extinguishment or evacuation. This is carried out to increase the structural load‐carrying capacity, thus reducing the potential damage for the anticipated earthquake and thereby improve the PEF resistance. The results show a considerable improvement in the PEF resistance of the frames. While the investigation and the proposition relate to a certain class of structures (ordinary buildings, intermediate RC structures, three and five stories) and the results can therefore be applied only to the cases investigated, it is hoped that this study paves the way for further research into this very important phenomenon and leads to an eventual revision of codes. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Effects of Explicit Instruction on the Reading Performance of Adolescent English Language Learners With Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Reed Deborah K. 
Published: March 2013

This study sought to determine the effects of explicit phonics instruction and sight word instruction on the letter‐sound identification and word reading of 13‐ to 15‐year‐old English language learners in the eighth grade who were identified as having intellectual disabilities (ID). Using a randomized single‐subject design, four Hispanic students with mild ID who were native Spanish speakers and receiving free or reduced‐price lunch were assigned to receive either phonics or sight word instruction. Both treatments were taught explicitly to the pair of students in the condition and included scaffolding and multiple practice opportunities. Sessions took place every other day for 20 minutes over 8 weeks, totaling 400 minutes of intervention. All students demonstrated increased rates of improvement in identifying letter‐sounds and untaught words on the Basic Phonics Skills Test III. Although students in the sight word condition were not explicitly taught letter‐sound correspondences, they correctly identified the sounds of all 26 letters by posttest. All students progressed in their ability to read untaught words of increasing complexity. Results suggest that adolescents with mild cognitive impairments attending schools taught in a nonnative language can still profit from explicit instruction in foundational reading skills.
Microstructure and Phase Constitution Near the Interface of Explosively Welded Aluminum/Copper Plates
Authors: Paul Henryk , Lityńska-Dobrzyńska Lidia , Prażmowski Mariusz 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
The microstructure changes and the phase constitution within the layers close to the bonding interface strongly influence the properties of bimetallic strips. In this work, the layers near the interface of explosively welded aluminum and copper plates were investigated by means of microscopic observations, mostly with the use of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectrometry (EDX). The study was focused on the identification of the intermetallic phases, the possible interdiffusion between the copper and the aluminum, and the changes in the dislocation structure of the parent plates. In macro-/mesoscale, the interfaces were outlined by a characteristic sharp transition indicating that there was no mechanical mixing between the welded metals in the solid state. In micro-/nanoscale, the layers adhering to the interface show typical deformed microstructure features, i.e., structure refinement, elongated dislocation cells, slip bands, and microtwins (in copper plate). The internal microstructure of the intermetallic inclusion is composed mostly of dendrites. The electron diffractions and TEM/EDX chemical composition measurements revealed three crystalline equilibrium phases of the γ-Al4Cu9, η-AlCu, and Θ-Al2Cu type (the last one was dominant). However, most of the observed phases of the general Cu
m
Al
n
type (also crystalline) do not appear in the equilibrium Al-Cu phase diagram. Inside the intermetallic inclusions, no significant regularity in the phase distribution with respect to the parent sheets was observed. Therefore, it was concluded that the processes occurring in the melt determined their local chemical composition.
Prognosis and determinants of pregnancy outcome among patients with post‐hepatitis liver cirrhosis
Authors: Rasheed Salah M. , Abdel Monem Allam M. , Abd Ellah Ahmed H. , Abdel Fattah Mahmoud S. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes and their associated risk factors among pregnant women with liver cirrhosis (LC).MethodsA prospective cohort study was conducted at Sohag University Hospital, Egypt, between May 1, 2009, and April 1, 2012. Participants included 129 pregnant women with LC (study group), 647 pregnant women without LC (control group 1), and 853 non‐pregnant women with LC (control group 2). Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed.ResultsMaternal, fetal, and neonatal complication rates were significantly higher in the study group than in control group 1 (P = 0.001 for all complications). The rate of hepatic decompensation (HD) was higher in the study group than in control group 2 (63.6% vs 13.6%; P = 0.001). Maternal mortality was higher in the study group (7.8%) than in either control group 1 (0.2%) or control group 2 (2.5%; P = 0.001). Variceal bleeding during vaginal delivery was the most frequent cause of maternal mortality. Vaginal delivery and increasing gestational age were the key variables affecting the rate of HD (P = 0.001 for both).ConclusionThe presence of LC during pregnancy was associated with high rates of maternal and neonatal complications. Increasing gestational age and vaginal delivery were the most important risk factors for HD.
Neuromuscular Junction Disorders
Authors: Liang Chiawen Lucy , Han Steve 
Published: March 2013

AbstractDisorders of the neuromuscular junction, such as myasthenia gravis and Lambert‐Eaton myasthenic syndrome, constitute an important and treatable class of diseases. Both disorders are typically caused by an immunologically mediated attack on discrete components of the neuromuscular junction, compromise the efficacy of neurotransmitter transmission, and produce clinically distinct syndromes of fatigable muscle weakness. Although the history, clinical examination, and routine antibody testing can be diagnostic in many cases, specialized neurophysiological tests, such as repetitive nerve stimulation and single‐fiber electromyography, are essential tools in the diagnostic evaluation of patients with more complicated or atypical conditions. In this review, we introduce primary disorders of the neuromuscular junction, and discuss the salient clinical and laboratory workup appropriate for recognizing these disorders, and the typical findings seen on electrodiagnostic testing with repetitive nerve stimulation and single‐fiber electromyography.
Reproductive biology of the black goby, Gobius niger (Teleostei: Gobiidae), in the Gulf of Gabès (Tunisia, Central Mediterranean)
Authors: Hajji Ferid , Ouannes-Ghorbel Amira , Ghorbel Mohamed , Jarboui Othman 
Published: March 2013

The black goby Gobius niger (Linnaeus, 1758) (Gobiidae) is one of the most common gobies in southern Tunisian waters. This study provides the first detailed information on the reproductive biology of the G. niger in these areas. Samples of G. niger were collected by trawl from the Gulf of Gabès (Tunisia) between February 2009 and January 2010. A total of 1055 specimens were examined, ranging from 6.4 to 15.7 cm total length. The sex-ratio was in favour of males, especially in larger size-classes. The macroscopic analysis of the gonads and the progression of the monthly values of the gonadosomatic index (GSI) indicated that the reproductive season extended from March to June, with GSI peaking in May, and that spawning occurred from April to June. The utilization of lipid reserves, stored predominantly in the liver as well as in muscles, was important during the reproduction season. Monthly changes of the seminal vesicle somatic index showed that during the pre-spawning period they had a proliferation phase, followed by a regressive phase during the post-spawning period. Total fecundity of mature females ranged from 4280 to 14000 eggs per fish, showing a significant increase with size, with an average of 8522 ± 689 eggs per fish. The total length at 50% maturity was 10.13 ± 0.3 cm and 9.69 ± 0.18 cm for males and females, respectively.
Reduced directed forgetting for negative words suggests schizophrenia-related disinhibition of emotional cues
Authors: Patrick R. E. , Christensen B. K. 
Published: March 2013

BackgroundSeveral psychological and neurobiological models imply that patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) are more inclined to utilize emotional cues as response determinants to the detriment of more task-appropriate cognitive or contextual cues. However, there is a lack of behavioural data from human clinical studies to support this assertion. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the performance of persons with SCZ using tasks designed to index the resolution between competing emotional and cognitive determinants of goal-directed behaviour.MethodThe current study employed a list-method, emotional directed-forgetting (DF) paradigm designed to invoke inhibitory mechanisms necessary to override emotional memory enhancement for successful task completion. Four psycholinguistically matched lists were constructed that were comprised of five negative, five positive, and five neutral words.ResultsCompared with healthy controls, individuals with SCZ showed a reduced DF effect overall. When broken down according to valence, this effect was only observed for negative words, which, in turn, resulted from reduced forgetting of list 1 words following the forget cue.ConclusionsThese results indicate that individuals with SCZ were less able to engage strategic inhibitory mechanisms for the purpose of overriding recall of negative stimuli when tasks demand call for such action. Thus, our data support the theoretical assertion that SCZ patients have difficulty utilizing cognitive or contextual cues as determinants of goal-directed behaviour in the face of countermanding emotional cues.
Phenological response of tropical plants to regional climate change in Xishuangbanna, south-western China
Authors: Zhao Junbin , Zhang Yiping , Song Fuqiang , Xu Zaifu , Xiao Laiyun 
Published: March 2013

Abstract:The phenology of temperate plants is vulnerable to climate change. Yet, the phenological responses of tropical plants to climate change are still unclear. In this study, temporal trends (1973–1999) of four phenological events (budburst, growing season, flowering and flowering duration) were studied among 21 plant species in Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden (south-western China). Fourteen species (67%) showed significant phenological trends during the study period. Seven species (33%) presented delaying trends in budburst (average 1.4 d y−1) and such trend was more likely to be presented in those that started budburst earlier in the dry season. Four species (19%) showed trends of extension in growing season (average of 3.5 d y−1). These vegetative events appeared to be mainly influenced by increasing temperature. Rainfall showed little effects directly, however, the effects of temperature seemed to largely depend on the moisture condition. Flowering duration of five species (24%) was shortened by average 2.1 d y−1 which was most likely to be the result of the decline in sunshine duration during the rainy season. Our results suggest that the phenology of tropical plants has changed significantly in response to the regional climate change but these reactions are somewhat different from those of temperate plants.