bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Balancing the efficacy and safety of misoprostol: a meta‐analysis comparing 25 versus 50 micrograms of intravaginal misoprostol for the induction of labour
Authors: McMaster K , Sanchez‐Ramos L , Kaunitz AM 
Published: July 2014

BackgroundThe optimal dose of misoprostol for the induction of labour remains uncertain.ObjectivesTo compare the efficacy and safety of 25 versus 50 micrograms of intravaginal misoprostol tablets for the induction of labour and cervical ripening.Search strategyWe performed electronic and manual searches to identify relevant randomised trials.Selection criteriaThe efficacy outcomes assessed were rates of vaginal delivery within 24 hours, delivery within one dose, and oxytocin augmentation, and interval to delivery. The safety outcomes assessed were incidences of tachysystole, hyperstimulation, caesarean delivery, cesarean delivery for non‐reassuring fetal heart rate (FHR), operative vaginal delivery, abnormal 5‐minute Apgar score, abnormal cord gas values, admission to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), and meconium passage.Data collection and analysisThirteen studies (1945 women) were included. Relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using fixed‐effects and random‐effects models.Main resultsWe found that 25 micrograms was less efficacious, with lower rates of delivery after one dose (RR 0.59; 95% CI 0.39–0.88) and vaginal delivery within 24 hours (RR 0.88; 95% CI 0.79–0.96), and with increased rates of oxytocin augmentation (RR 1.54, 95% CI 1.36–1.75). We noted an improved safety profile with 25 micrograms, however, with decreased rates of tachysystole (RR 0.46; 95% CI 0.35–0.61), hyperstimulation (RR 0.5; 95% CI 0.31–0.78), caesarean deliveries for non‐reassuring FHR (RR 0.67; 95% CI 0.52–0.87), NICU admissions (RR 0.63; 95% CI 0.4–0.98), and meconium passage (RR 0.65; 95% CI 0.45–0.96).ConclusionsAlthough 50 micrograms of intravaginal misoprostol may be more efficacious, safety concerns make the 25‐microgram dose preferable.
Optimal timing of near‐term delivery in different ethnicities: a national cohort study
Authors: Kazemier BM , Ravelli ACJ , de Groot CJM , Mol BWJ 
Published: July 2014

ObjectiveTo study possible ethnic disparities in perinatal mortality and morbidity independent of the occurrence of pregnancy complications. In addition, to study the probabilities of adverse neonatal outcome for delivery, compared with 1 week of expectant management for each week of gestational age in the range of 36–42 weeks of gestation.DesignNational cohort study.SettingThe Netherlands.PopulationAll women who were recorded as being of white European (982 318), Mediterranean (94 130), or African‐Caribbean (25 253) descent with singleton cephalic births delivered between 36+0 and 42+6 weeks of gestation. Women with hypertension, pre‐eclampsia, or diabetes, or with fetuses that were small for gestational age (below the tenth percentile) or with congenital abnormalities, were excluded. Data were obtained from the Netherlands Perinatal Registry (1999–2007).MethodsNumbers of antepartum and intrapartum/neonatal death, and neonatal morbidity, were expressed using the fetus/neonate‐at‐risk approach. For each week of gestation, we compared the probability of adverse neonatal outcome (intrapartum/neonatal death in that week) for delivery with the probability of adverse neonatal outcome for expectant management (antepartum death in that week plus intrapartum/neonatal death and morbidity in the subsequent week).ResultsWomen of Mediterranean and African‐Caribbean descent who were near term were at increased risk of antepartum and intrapartum/neonatal death, and neonatal morbidity, compared with white European women. Expectant management from 40 weeks of gestation onwards was associated with an increased probability of adverse neonatal outcome in white European women and in women of Mediterranean descent, compared with delivery (risk ratio, RR 1.45, 95% confidence interval, 95% CI 1.25–1.68, versus RR 1.69, 95% CI 1.11–2.60, and with number needed to deliver to prevent one adverse neonatal outcome being 563 and 364, respectively). This was not observed for women of African‐Caribbean descent.ConclusionsEthnic disparities in perinatal outcomes were observed, with higher risks for women of Mediterranean descent. Expectant management in white European and Mediterranean women after 39 weeks of gestation is associated with an increased risk of adverse neonatal outcome.
Host selection by the autoparasitoid Encarsia pergandiella on primary (Bemisia tabaci) and secondary (Eretmocerus mundus) hosts
Authors: Zhang Yi‐Bo , Castañé Cristina , Gabarra Rosa , Albajes Ramon , Wan Fang‐Hao 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIn autoparasitoids, females are generally primary endoparasitoids of Hemiptera, while males are hyperparasitoids developing in or on conspecific females or other primary parasitoids. Female‐host acceptance can be influenced by extrinsic and/or intrinsic factors. In this paper, we are concerned with intrinsic factors such as nutritional status, mating status, etc. We observed the behavior of Encarsia pergandiella Howard (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) females when parasitizing primary (3rd instar larvae of Bemisia tabaci Gennadius [Homoptera: Aleyrodidae]) and secondary hosts (3rd instar larvae and pupae of Eretmocerus mundus Mercet [Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae]) for a period of 1 h. Females had different reproductive (virgin or mated younger) and physiological (fed elder or mated elder) status. Virgin females killed a large number of secondary hosts while investing a long time per host. However, they did not feed upon them. Mated females killed a lower number of secondary hosts and host feeding was observed in both consuming primary and secondary hosts. It was common to observe host examining females of all physiological statues tested repeatedly stinging the same hosts when parasitizing, killing or rejecting them. Fed elder females parasitized more B. tabaci larvae than E. mundus larvae or pupae, while investing less time on the primary host than on the secondary host. They also parasitized more B. tabaci larvae than mated elder females, while investing less time per host. The access of females to honey allowed them to lay more eggs.
A likelihood‐based approach for assessment of extra‐pair paternity and conspecific brood parasitism in natural populations
Authors: Lemons P. R. , Marshall T. C. , McCloskey S. E. , Sethi S. A. , Schmutz J. A. , Sedinger J. S. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractGenotypes are frequently used to assess alternative reproductive strategies such as extra‐pair paternity and conspecific brood parasitism in wild populations. However, such analyses are vulnerable to genotyping error or molecular artefacts that can bias results. For example, when using multilocus microsatellite data, a mismatch at a single locus, suggesting the offspring was not directly related to its putative parents, can occur quite commonly even when the offspring is truly related. Some recent studies have advocated an ad‐hoc rule that offspring must differ at more than one locus in order to conclude that they are not directly related. While this reduces the frequency with which true offspring are identified as not directly related young, it also introduces bias in the opposite direction, wherein not directly related young are categorized as true offspring. More importantly, it ignores the additional information on allele frequencies which would reduce overall bias. In this study, we present a novel technique for assessing extra‐pair paternity and conspecific brood parasitism using a likelihood‐based approach in a new version of program cervus. We test the suitability of the technique by applying it to a simulated data set and then present an example to demonstrate its influence on the estimation of alternative reproductive strategies.
Does hunting activity for game species have indirect effects on resource selection by the endangered Florida panther?
Authors: McCarthy K. P. , Fletcher R. J. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractHunting activities can affect game species in several ways; however, indirect effects of hunting on non‐game species have received less attention than direct effects on game species, even though such potential effects could be crucial in some situations. There is ongoing concern that the critically endangered Florida panther Puma concolor coryi may be influenced by hunting activity, in terms of changes in panther resource selection and distribution. Nonetheless, understanding the potential effects of hunting activity on the resource selection of this wide‐ranging species has proven difficult, because of the relatively fine‐scale nature of variation in hunting activity and potentially confounding variables regarding intra‐annual variation in hunting activity and hydrology. Here, we leverage hierarchical Bayesian models (conditional mixed logit models) and new data sources to assess the effects of hunting activity at a daily temporal scale via the use of off‐road recreation vehicles (ORVs) on variation in resource selection and distribution of panthers, and we contrast these potential effects to variation in standing ground water, an alternative factor hypothesized to drive variation in panther resource selection. Across a 14‐year dataset spanning 110 radio‐telemetered panthers and over 30 000 panther locations, we found that heightened ORV use by hunters has a small, but statistically significant effect on panther resource selection, but no effect on panther distribution near trails. In contrast, intra‐annual variation in standing ground water generally had stronger and consistent effects on resource selection and on distribution of panthers near recreational trails. Our results provide slightly different conclusions than earlier results on this topic, which are likely driven by our use of more data on panthers, information on hydrology, more quantitative information on hunter activity in this region, and the scale of our analysis.
Genome‐wide association study for pigmentation traits in Chinese Holstein population
Authors: Fan Yipeng , Wang Peng , Fu Weixuan , Dong Tian , Qi Chao , Liu Lin , Guo Gang , Li Cong , Cui Xiaogang , Zhang Shengli , Zhang Qin , Zhang Yi , Sun Dongxiao 
Published: July 2014

SummaryWith the Illumina BovineSNP50K BeadChip, we performed a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) for two pigmentation traits in a Chinese Holstein population: proportion of black (PB) and teat colour (TC). A case–control design was used. Cases were the cows with PB <0.30 (n = 129) and TC <2 points (n = 140); controls were those with PB >0.90 (n = 58) and TC >4 points (n = 281). The RM test of roadtrips (version 1.2) was applied to detect SNPs for the two traits with 42 883 and 42 741 SNPs respectively. A total of nine and 12 genome‐wide significant (P < 0.05) SNPs associated with PB and TC respectively were identified. Of these, two SNPs for PB were located within the KIT and IGFBP7 genes, and the other four SNPs were 23~212 kb away from the PDGFRA gene on BTA6; nine SNPs associated with TC were located within or 21~78.8 kb away from known genes on chromosomes 4, 11, 22, 23 and 24. By combing through our GWAS results and the biological functions of the genes, we suggest that the KIT, IGFBP7, PDGFRA, MITF, ING3 and WNT16 genes are promising candidates for PB and TC in Holstein cattle, providing a basis for further investigation on the genetic mechanism of pigmentation formation.
Trophoblast Induces Monocyte Differentiation Into CD14+/CD16+ Macrophages
Authors: Aldo Paulomi B. , Racicot Karen , Craviero Vinicius , Guller Seth , Romero Roberto , Mor Gil 
Published: July 2014

ProblemDuring early pregnancy, macrophages and trophoblast come into close contact during placenta development, and regulated cross talk between these cellular compartments is crucial for maintaining a healthy pregnancy. As trophoblast cells constitutively secrete many chemokines and cytokines, we hypothesize that trophoblast‐secreted factors can differentiate monocytes into a decidual phenotype. In this study, we describe a unique macrophage phenotype, following monocytes’ exposure to trophoblast‐soluble factors.Method of studyPeripheral blood monocytes were treated with or without conditioned media (CM) from first trimester trophoblast cells. Phenotypic changes and phagocytic capacity were determined by flow cytometry. Cytokine and chemokine production was determined by multiplex analysis.ResultsMonocytes exposed to trophoblast factors undergo morphologic changes characterized by a gain in size and complexity and acquire a unique phenotype characterized by gain of CD14 surface expression as well as CD16. The presence of CD14+/CD16+ macrophages was confirmed in normal decidua. These cells secrete higher levels of IL‐1b, IL‐10, and IP‐10 and have increased capacity for phagocytosis.ConclusionWe demonstrate that trophoblast‐secreted factors can induce monocyte differentiation into a unique macrophage phenotype. These findings suggest that the microenvironment of the placenta can modulate the phenotype of macrophages present at the decidua.
Elasticity of abdominal wall vessels in children: clinical implications in child abuse
Authors: Goddard Lucy , Bowkett Brendon , Kenwright Diane 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundAbdominal trauma secondary to non‐accidental injury is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. It has been noted that children who have suffered abusive abdominal injuries often lack abdominal wall bruising. We hypothesize that children have highly elastic vessels that stretch instead of rupturing when the abdomen is punched. Our study investigates the degree of elasticity in abdominal wall vessels in young children.MethodsTwenty children aged less than 5 years undergoing routine hernia repair or orchidopexy were included in our study. Subcutaneous vessels were identified during the procedures. The vessels were measured at resting length and when stretched to maximum length prior to rupture. Samples of the vessels were then collected for histological examination.ResultsOn average, we were able to stretch the vessels to 3.4 times their resting length without rupture. Histology revealed that the vessel walls contained a high amount of elastin.ConclusionWe have demonstrated a high degree of elasticity in the abdominal wall vessels of young children. This may help to explain why children do not bruise when hit in the abdomen. Our findings have potential implications for both clinical practitioners and paediatric surgeons involved in child abuse cases.
Efficacy and safety of intravitreal bevacizumab in eyes with neovascular glaucoma undergoing ahmed glaucoma valve implantation: 2‐year follow‐up
Authors: Arcieri Enyr S. , Paula Jayter S. , Jorge Rodrigo , Barella Kleyton A. , Arcieri Rafael S. , Secches Danilo J. , Costa Vital P. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) in eyes with neovascular glaucoma (NVG) undergoing Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) implantation.MethodsThis was a multicentre, prospective, randomized clinical trial that enrolled 40 patients with uncontrolled neovascular glaucoma that had undergone panretinal photocoagulation and required glaucoma drainage device implantation. Patients were randomized to receiveIVB(1.25 mg) or not during Ahmed valve implant surgery. Injections were administered intra‐operatively, and 4 and 8 weeks after surgery.ResultsAfter a mean follow‐up of 2.25 ± 0.67 years (range 1.5–3 years), both groups showed a significant decrease inIOP(p < 0.05). There was no difference inIOPbetween groups except at the 18‐month interval, whenIOPinIVBgroup was significantly lower (14.57 ± 1.72 mmHg vs. 18.37 ± 1.06 mmHg – p = 0.0002). There was no difference in survival success rates between groups. At 24 months, there was a trend to patients treated withIVBusing less antiglaucoma medications than the control group (p = 0.0648). Complete regression of rubeosis iridis was significantly more frequent in theIVBgroup (80%) than in the control group (25%) (p = 0.0015).ConclusionsIntravitreal bevacizumab may lead to regression of new vessels both in the iris and in the anterior chamber angle in patients with neovascular glaucoma undergoing Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation. There is a trend to slightly lowerIOPs and number of medications withIVBuse duringAGVimplantation for neovascular glaucoma.
Telomere dysfunction accurately predicts clinical outcome in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, even in patients with early stage disease
Authors: Lin Thet Thet , Norris Kevin , Heppel Nicole H. , Pratt Guy , Allan James M. , Allsup David J. , Bailey James , Cawkwell Lynn , Hills Robert , Grimstead Julia W. , Jones Rhiannon E. , Britt‐Compton Bethan , Fegan Chris , Baird Duncan M. , Pepper Chris 
Published: July 2014

SummaryDefining the prognosis of individual cancer sufferers remains a significant clinical challenge. Here we assessed the ability of high‐resolution single telomere length analysis (STELA), combined with an experimentally derived definition of telomere dysfunction, to predict the clinical outcome of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). We defined the upper telomere length threshold at which telomere fusions occur and then used the mean of the telomere ‘fusogenic’ range as a prognostic tool. Patients with telomeres within the fusogenic range had a significantly shorter overall survival (P < 0·0001; Hazard ratio [HR] = 13·2, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 11·6–106·4) and this was preserved in early‐stage disease patients (P < 0·0001, HR=19·3, 95% CI = 17·8–802·5). Indeed, our assay allowed the accurate stratification of Binet stage A patients into those with indolent disease (91% survival at 10 years) and those with poor prognosis (13% survival at 10 years). Furthermore, patients with telomeres above the fusogenic mean showed superior prognosis regardless of their IGHV mutation status or cytogenetic risk group. In keeping with this finding, telomere dysfunction was the dominant variable in multivariate analysis. Taken together, this study provides compelling evidence for the use of high‐resolution telomere length analysis coupled with a definition of telomere dysfunction in the prognostic assessment of CLL.
International Society of Neuropathology‐Haarlem Consensus Guidelines for Nervous System Tumor Classification and Grading
Authors: Louis David N. , Perry Arie , Burger Peter , Ellison David W. , Reifenberger Guido , von Deimling Andreas , Aldape Kenneth , Brat Daniel , Collins V. Peter , Eberhart Charles , Figarella‐Branger Dominique , Fuller Gregory N. , Giangaspero Felice , Giannini Caterina , Hawkins Cynthia , Kleihues Paul , Korshunov Andrey , Kros Johan M. , Beatriz Lopes M. , Ng Ho‐Keung , Ohgaki Hiroko , Paulus Werner , Pietsch Torsten , Rosenblum Marc , Rushing Elisabeth , Soylemezoglu Figen , Wiestler Otmar , Wesseling Pieter 
Published: July 2014

AbstractMajor discoveries in the biology of nervous system tumors have raised the question of how non‐histological data such as molecular information can be incorporated into the next World Health Organization (WHO) classification of central nervous system tumors. To address this question, a meeting of neuropathologists with expertise in molecular diagnosis was held in Haarlem, the Netherlands, under the sponsorship of the International Society of Neuropathology (ISN). Prior to the meeting, participants solicited input from clinical colleagues in diverse neuro‐oncological specialties. The present “white paper” catalogs the recommendations of the meeting, at which a consensus was reached that incorporation of molecular information into the next WHO classification should follow a set of provided “ISN‐Haarlem” guidelines. Salient recommendations include that (i) diagnostic entities should be defined as narrowly as possible to optimize interobserver reproducibility, clinicopathological predictions and therapeutic planning; (ii) diagnoses should be “layered” with histologic classification, WHO grade and molecular information listed below an “integrated diagnosis”; (iii) determinations should be made for each tumor entity as to whether molecular information is required, suggested or not needed for its definition; (iv) some pediatric entities should be separated from their adult counterparts; (v) input for guiding decisions regarding tumor classification should be solicited from experts in complementary disciplines of neuro‐oncology; and (iv) entity‐specific molecular testing and reporting formats should be followed in diagnostic reports. It is hoped that these guidelines will facilitate the forthcoming update of the fourth edition of the WHO classification of central nervous system tumors.
Influence of the Periodontal Status on the Initial‐Biofilm Formation on Titanium Surfaces
Authors: Martínez‐Hernández Miryam , Olivares‐Navarrete René , Almaguer‐Flores Argelia 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundDental implants will be exposed to a complex ecosystem once they are placed in the oral cavity. The bacterial colonization and biofilm formation on these devices will depend not only on the physicochemical surface implant properties but also on the periodontal health conditions of the patients, as these devices are exposed.PurposeThe aim of this study was to correlate the subgingival microbial profile with the composition of initial biofilm formed on different microstructured titanium (Ti) surfaces.Materials and MethodsTen periodontitis and 10 periodontally healthy subjects were included in this study. The subjects wore a removable acrylic device with four different fixed Ti surfaces for 48 hours. Microbial samples of subgingival plaque and the biofilm formed on each Ti surface were individually analyzed by the checkerboard DNA‐DNA hybridization technique.ResultsDespite the roughness or hydrophilicity of the Ti surfaces, a characteristic pattern of bacterial adhesion was observed on each of the study groups. However, significant differences in the proportion of the species that colonized the Ti surfaces were found between the periodontitis and periodontally healthy groups. Treponema denticola, Neisseria mucosa, Eikenella corrodens, and Tannerella forsythia were detected in higher proportions on the Ti disks placed in the periodontitis subjects, while significant higher proportions of Capnocytophaga sputigena, Fusobacterium periodonticum, Prevotella melaninogenica, and Streptococcus mitis were detected on the Ti disks placed in the periodontally healthy group.ConclusionsThe results obtained in this study shows that the composition and the proportion of the species that initially colonize Ti surfaces are highly influenced by the periodontal status more than the surface characteristics of the Ti implant.