bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical reactivity of quinclorac employing the HSAB local principle - Fukui function
Authors: Mendoza Huizar Luis H. , Rios-Reyes Clara H. , Olvera-Maturano Nubia J. , Robles Juvencio , Rodriguez Jose A. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
In the present work we have calculated several DFT reactivity descriptors for quinclorac at the B3LYP/6- 311++G(2d,2p) and MP2/6-311++G(2d,2p) levels of theory in order to analyze its reactivity. Reactivity descriptors such as ionization energy, molecular hardness, electrophilicity, condensed Fukui function and total energies were determined to predict the reactivity of quinclorac. The influence of the solvent was taken into account employing the PCM model. The results indicate that the solvation modifies the values of quinclorac reactivity descriptors. The Fukui function values predict that an electrophilic attack on quinclorac might cause a dechlorination, while a nucleophilic attack might lead to a decarboxylation and a free radical attack would cause a hydrogen substitution on the quinoline ring. Quinclorac in deprotonated form would be susceptible to decarboxylation through an electrophilic attack while nucleophilic and free radical attacks would cause an attack on the hydrogens of the ring.
Treatment of wastewaters containing acid, reactive and direct dyes using aminosilane functionalized silica
Authors: Wawrzkiewicz Monika , Hubicki Zbigniew , Nowacka Magdalena , Klapiszewski Łukasz 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Aminosilane modified silica was prepared and investigated for the adsorption of textile dyes such as C.I. Acid Orange 7 (AO7), C.I. Reactive Black 5 (RB5) and C.I. Direct Blue 71 (DB71) from aqueous media and wastewaters. The values of the sorption capacities obtained from the Langmuir isotherm model were: 5.3 mg g-1, 58.7 mg g-1 and 72.2 mg g-1 for AO7, DB71 and RB5, respectively. The affinity series of the dyes for the modified silica can be presented as follows: C.I. Reactive Black 5 > C.I. Direct Blue 71> C.I. Acid Orange 7. The influence of anionic surfactant (SDS) and sodium chloride on dye sorption was investigated in a system containing 100 mg L-1 dye and 0.1-1 g L-1 SDS or 1-25 g L-1 NaCl. The sorption capacities decrease with increasing concentration of SDS in the solution. Retention of AO7 and RB5 was reduced in the presence of NaCl. A satisfactory agreement of the experimental data with the pseudo second-order kinetic model was found. Effectiveness of the aminosilane modified silica in raw textile wastewater purification was confirmed.
Decoy-based information security
Authors: Shpilrain Vladimir 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIn this survey, we discuss an emerging concept of decoy-based information security, or security without computational assumptions. In particular, we show how this concept can be implemented to provide security against (passive) computationally unbounded adversary in some public-key encryption protocols. In the world of symmetric cryptography, decoy-based security finds a wide range of applications, notably to secure delegation of computation to another party. We single out the scenario where a computationally limited party wants to send an encrypted message to a computationally superior party using the RSA protocol, thereby providing another kind of application of decoy ideas in a public-key setting. With typical RSA parameters, decoy-based method of delegation of computation improves the efficiency for the sender by several orders of magnitude.
Scoring rules, and the role of chance: Analysis of the 2008 World Fly Fishing Championships
Authors: Yee Thomas W. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWe analyze the 2008 World Fly Fishing Championships data to examine two issues: (I) changes to scoring rules are proposed so that catching bigger fish is no longer a disadvantage; and (II) the relative role of chance versus competitor skill in determining the competition outcomes is investigated. For (I), a new quadratic polynomial formula for the number of points awarded for a fish of a certain length meant that the competitor who caught the biggest fish in one of the rivers was no longer disadvantaged, during the 20-min period it took to land the fish, compared to those anglers who caught many small fish. For (II), it was found that an angler A, who is actually better than angler B, has an approximate probability of 8.5% of having, overall, a worse score than angler B. By increasing the number of fishing sessions from five to seven, the probability of misclassification drops to about 7%. Other topics, such as the advantages of the proposed formula and the various fishing strategies, are also discussed.
Prophylactic Indomethacin and Intestinal Perforation in Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants
Authors: Kelleher John , Salas Ariel A. , Bhat Ramachandra , Ambalavanan Namasivayam , Saha Shampa , Stoll Barbara J. , Bell Edward F. , Walsh Michele C. , Laptook Abbot R. , Sánchez Pablo J. , Shankaran Seetha , VanMeurs Krisa P. , Hale Ellen C. , Newman Nancy S. , Ball M. Bethany , Das Abhik , Higgins Rosemary D. , Peralta-Carcelen Myriam , Carlo Waldemar A. 
Published: October 2014

OBJECTIVE:
Prophylactic indomethacin reduces severe intraventricular hemorrhage but may increase spontaneous intestinal perforation (SIP) in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants. Early feedings improve nutritional outcomes but may increase the risk of SIP. Despite their benefits, use of these therapies varies largely by physician preferences in part because of the concern for SIP.

METHODS:
This was a cohort study of 15 751 ELBW infants in the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network from 1999 to 2010 who survived beyond 12 hours after birth. The risk of SIP was compared between groups of infants with and without exposure to prophylactic indomethacin and early feeding in unadjusted analyses and in analyses adjusted for center and for risks of SIP.

RESULTS:
Among infants exposed to prophylactic indomethacin, the risk of SIP did not differ between the indomethacin/early-feeding group compared with the indomethacin/no-early-feeding group (adjusted relative risk [RR] 0.74, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.49–1.11). The risk of SIP was lower in the indomethacin/early-feeding group compared with the no indomethacin/no-early-feeding group (adjusted RR 0.58, 95% CI 0.37–0.90, P = .0159). Among infants not exposed to indomethacin, early feeding was associated with a lower risk of SIP compared with the no early feeding group (adjusted RR 0.53, 95% CI 0.36–0.777, P = .0011).

CONCLUSIONS:
The combined or individual use of prophylactic indomethacin and early feeding was not associated with an increased risk of SIP in ELBW infants.
Feedback on Oral Presentations During Pediatric Clerkships: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Sox Colin M. , Dell Michael , Phillipi Carrie A. , Cabral Howard J. , Vargas Gabriela , Lewin Linda O. 
Published: October 2014

OBJECTIVE:
To measure the effects of participating in structured oral presentation evaluation sessions early in pediatric clerkships on students' subsequent presentations.

METHODS:
We conducted a single-blind, 3-arm, cluster randomized controlled trial during pediatric clerkships at Boston University School of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, and Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine. Blocks of students at each school were randomly assigned to experience either (1) no formal presentation feedback (control) or a small-group presentation feedback session early in pediatric clerkships in which students gave live presentations and received feedback from faculty who rated their presentations by using a (2) single-item (simple) or (3) 18-item (detailed) evaluation form. At the clerkship end, overall quality of subjects’ presentations was rated by faculty blinded to randomization status, and subjects reported whether their presentations had improved. Analyses included multivariable linear and logistic regressions clustered on clerkship block that controlled for medical school.

RESULTS:
A total of 476 participants were evenly divided into the 3 arms, which had similar characteristics. Compared with controls, presentation quality was significantly associated with participating in detailed (coefficient: 0.38; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.07–0.69) but not simple (coefficient: 0.16; 95% CI: −0.12–0.43) feedback sessions. Similarly, student self-report of presentation improvement was significantly associated with participating in detailed (odds ratio: 2.16; 95% CI: 1.11–4.18] but not simple (odds ratio: 1.89; 95% CI: 0.91–3.93) feedback sessions.

CONCLUSIONS:
Small-group presentation feedback sessions led by faculty using a detailed evaluation form resulted in clerkship students delivering oral presentations of higher quality compared with controls.
Progressive Postnatal Pansynostosis
Authors: Rogers Gary F. , Greene Arin K. , Proctor Mark R. , Mulliken John B. , Goobie Susan M. , Stoler Joan M. 
Published: October 2014

Objective To describe the subtle clinical features, genetic considerations, and management of progressive postnatal pansynostosis, a rare form of multisutural craniosynostosis that insidiously occurs after birth and causes inconspicuous cranial changes. Design, Participants, Setting The study is a retrospective chart review of all patients diagnosed with progressive postnatal pansynostosis at a major craniofacial center between 2000 and 2009. Patients with kleebattschädel were excluded. Results Nineteen patients fit our inclusion criteria. Fifteen patients had a syndromic diagnosis: Crouzon syndrome (n = 8), Saethre-Chotzen syndrome (n = 5), and Pfeiffer syndrome (n = 2). With the exception of one patient with moderate turricephaly, all patients had a relatively normal head shape with cranial indices ranging from 0.72 to 0.93 (mean, 0.81). Patients were diagnosed at an average of 32.4 months; craniosynostosis was suspected based on declining percentile head circumference (n = 14), detection of an apical prominence (n = 12), papilledema (n = 7), and worsening exorbitism (n = 3). Nearly all patients had evidence of increased intracranial pressure. Conclusion Progressive postnatal pansynostosis is insidious; diagnosis is typically delayed because the clinical signs are subtle and appear gradually. All infants or children with known or suspected craniosynostotic disorder and a normal head shape should be carefully monitored; computed tomography is indicated if there is any decrease in percentile head circumference or symptoms of intracranial pressure.
Evaluation of ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide contrast agent labeling of equine cord blood and bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells
Authors: Bourzac Celine A. , Koenig Judith B. , Link Kaitlyn A. , Nykamp Stephanie G. , Koch Thomas G. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the efficacy and effects of labeling equine umbilical cord blood (UCB)– and bone marrow (BM)–derived multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) with an ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) contrast agent and the detection of labeled MSCs by use of MRI.
Sample—UCB MSCs from placental tissues of 5 foals and BM MSCs from 5 horses.
Procedures—UCB and BM MSC cultures were seeded in duplicate (5,000 cells/cm2). One duplicate was incubated with SPIO (50 μg/mL); the other was processed identically, but without SPIO. Mesenchymal stromal cells were expanded in triplicates for 5 passages and assessed for viability and proliferative capacity, labeling efficacy, and labeled cell proportion. For MRI detection, 5 × 106 labeled BM MSCs from passage 1 or 2 were injected into a collagenase-induced superficial digital flexor tendon defect of an equine cadaveric forelimb from 2 horses.
Results—For passages 1, 2, and 3, labeling efficacy and cell proportion for UCB MSCs (99.6% [range, 98.8% to 99.9%], 16.6% [range, 6.5% to 36.1%], and 1.0% [range, 0.4% to 2.8%], respectively) were significantly higher than for BM MSCs (99.2% [range, 97.8% to 99.7%], 4.5% [range, 1.6% to 11.8%], and 0.2% [range, 0.1% to 0.6%], respectively). Labeling was not detectable after passage 3. Viability of MSCs was not affected, but cell doubling time increased in labeled MSCs, compared with that of unlabeled MSCs. On MRI 3-D T2*-weighted fast gradient echo sequences, decreased signal intensity was observed for BM passage 1 MSCs.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Equine UCB and BM MSCs were labeled with SPIO at high efficiencies.
In vitro evaluation of a novel fiducial marker for computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of soft tissues in small animals
Authors: Terry Jesse L. , Milovancev Milan , Nemanic Sarah 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Objective—To construct and optimize a fiducial marker suitable for both CT and MRI.
Sample—Fiducial markers containing serial dilutions of iopamidol mixed with water.
Procedures—IV tubing sets were infused with serial dilutions (0% to 100%; increments of 10%) of iopamidol. Tubing ends were sealed; additional seals were added to create an equilateral triangle. A reference point was created by placing a crimp in 1 side. Markers were fixed to a gelatin soft tissue–attenuating phantom and evaluated by use of CT and MRI. For CT, simple linear regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between the percentage of marker contrast medium and quantitative variables, including marker attenuation, attenuation changes in the phantom, and beam-hardening artifact length. A subjective grading scheme for artifact creation on CT images and marker visibility on MRI images was used. Measurements were obtained by investigators who were unaware of the contents of each marker.
Results—Percentage of contrast medium in each marker was strongly correlated with marker attenuation (r2 = 0.96), artifact length (r2 = 0.765), and mean attenuation changes within the phantom (r2 = 0.826) for CT. Subjective CT scores indicated that concentrations of contrast medium > 50% resulted in excessive artifacts. Markers with concentrations of iopamidol > 50% had poor subjective MRI visibility scores. No artifacts were seen on MRI.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—A marker containing a 10% solution of iodinated contrast medium mixed with water provided ideal contrast for both CT and MRI.
Use of micro-lightguide spectrophotometry for evaluation of microcirculation in the small and large intestines of horses without gastrointestinal disease
Authors: Reichert Christof , Kästner Sabine B. R. , Hopster Klaus , Rohn Karl , Rötting Anna K. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the use of a micro-lightguide tissue spectrophotometer for measurement of tissue oxygenation and blood flow in the small and large intestines of horses under anesthesia.
Animals—13 adult horses without gastrointestinal disease.
Procedures—Horses were anesthetized and placed in dorsal recumbency. Ventral midline laparotomy was performed. Intestinal segments were exteriorized to obtain measurements. Spectrophotometric measurements of tissue oxygenation and regional blood flow of the jejunum and pelvic flexure were obtained under various conditions that were considered to have a potential effect on measurement accuracy. In addition, arterial oxygen saturation at the measuring sites was determined by use of pulse oximetry.
Results—12,791 single measurements of oxygen saturation, relative amount of hemoglobin, and blood flow were obtained. Errors occurred in 381 of 12,791 (2.98%) measurements. Most measurement errors occurred when surgical lights were directed at the measuring site; covering the probe with the surgeon's hand did not eliminate this error source. No measurement errors were observed when the probe was positioned on the intestinal wall with room light, at the mesenteric side, or between the mesenteric and antimesenteric side. Values for blood flow had higher variability, and this was most likely caused by motion artifacts of the intestines.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The micro-lightguide spectrophotometry system was easy to use on the small and large intestines of horses and provided rapid evaluation of the microcirculation. Results indicated that measurements should be performed with room light only and intestinal motion should be minimized.
The new system of the talent development program in Hungarian soccer
Authors: Csáki István , Géczi Gábor , Kassay Lilli , Déri Diana , Révész László , Dávid Zalai , Bognár József 
Published: October 2014

Summary
Study aim: due to a series of failures and the drastic reduction in the quality of Hungarian soccer, greater emphasis should be put on coaches’ professional development and talent development programs. The aim of this study was to present the newly established Hungarian Soccer Development Program that focuses on the development of youth talent.

Methods: document analysis and in-depth interviews were utilized during the research process. All Program leaders were interviewed in the Hungarian Soccer Development Program (N = 5). The interviews were preceded by thorough document analysis of the Program and the new strategies and plans of the Hungarian Football Federation. The authors systematically examined the Program and were able to prepare systematically for in-depth interviews whose focus was the specific areas that weren’t present in the document.

Results: the main aim of this Program is to give a mass base for the selection of soccer talent and to promote the development of Hungarian soccer in the long run. The measurement and evaluation systems chosen for the identification is a complex process: children go through several selection phases until they achieve the best in their age cohort. For the successful realization of this Program, there is a need for a change in attitude and also for the development of a mass base in Hungarian soccer. The number of players under the age of 18 years should reach a solid 200,000 players. Those who established the Program also introduced a control and assessment system to improve efficiency, which helps to keep the different programs and sessions of the Program at a high level. Coaches’ education and professional development is also in a focus: the Program’s content and methodology is specific for the age cohort and constantly changing for better practices.

Discussion and conclusions: the Program reinforced opinions that emphasized that selection is a long-term and systematic process in which regular tests and measurements are needed. Gifted young soccer players should not be selected simply for their physical outlook but rather on those conditions that are difficult to measure: the way they play the game, their skills, and their motivation for success. Talent selection and management should depend on their individual and team abilities and skills, technical skills, and assertiveness. Only those coaches with high-level understanding, competencies, and motivation can make changes in the sport.
The influence of the deep muscle training on postural control and muscle tone among stroke patients. Preliminary observations
Authors: Szczygieł Elżbieta , Zielonka Katarzyna , Mazur Tadeusz , Golec Joanna , Turczyk Alicja , Kogut Małgorzata 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Introduction: An ischemic stroke is one of the most common causes of disability among adults. The results of a stroke incident are: abnormal muscle tension, free movement and postural control dysfunction, walking disturbances, body asymmetry. They contribute to the significant changes in the proper functioning in daily life. The aim of the project was to assess the influence of the exercises that activate deep body muscles on the postural control and muscle tension among people after ischemic stroke.
Material and methods: The study included 18 patients (7 women and 11 men) after ischemic stroke with hemiparesis. Those patients was divided into two groups: research group (RG): 9 patients (average age 61,33), time from the stroke: 2 months to 4 years, control group (CG): 9 patients (average age 69,56), time from the stroke: 2 months to 4 years. RG was following the standard exercise program and additionally was performing exercises which activate deep body muscles. CG was following only the standard therapy program. PUM chair was used for deep muscles exercises. The posture control was assessed according to the Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke Patient and the muscle tension was assessed according to the Ashworth scale.
Results: In the study group after deep muscle training reported a significant correlation between muscle spasticity of the lower and changes in body position.
Conclusions: Obtained results indicate on the need to introduce deep muscles therapy in the reeducation of postural control among patients with hemiparesis and to continue research on more extensive group of patients.
Trunk Impairment Scale -TIS precise tool for evaluating trunk motor deficit of stroke patients
Authors: Sidaway Marta , Ujma Renata , Krawczyk Maciej 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Stroke causes impairment of brain function resulting in the disorder of motor control of the trunk. Assessment of the movement of a patient with hemiparesis poses many difficulties and limitations. A standard clinical neurological diagnosis does not provide an accurate assessment in terms of trunk deficit. This is the reason for the relatively small and insufficient monitoring of motor changes in patients. Post stroke assessment of the trunk is still insufficient despite the fact that disorders are a common problem in patients with stroke. Trunk function has been identified as an important early predictor of functional outcome after stroke.
Trunk Impairment Scale-TIS is the only well-validated tool to examine a patient with hemiparesis taking into account qualitative and quantitative assessment of the trunk deficit. This scale consists of three subscales: static balance in sitting, dynamic balance sitting and coordination. TIS assesses existing compensation during motor tasks. The scale was translated into Polish and pre-adapted to clinical practice
The scale supports clinical reasoning in terms of structure and function, body disorders and activity limitations of patients after stroke It appears that the introduction of scale in the clinical study for patients with stroke hemiplegia may not only affect the expansion of detailed documentation of motor deficits, but to support planning and carrying out appropriate (suitable) physiotherapy strategies.
Occurrence and distribution of parasites in relation to food components of grey gurnard, Eutrigla gurnardus (L.) (Teleostei: Scorpaeniformes), off the Shetland Islands
Authors: Sobecka Ewa , Więcaszek Beata , Łuczak Ewa , Antoszek Artur 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The research was conducted on the parasite fauna and food composition of Eutrigla gurnardus caught as by-catch in commercial catches of the Atlantic cod Gadus morhua near the Shetland Islands. Thirteen species and two genera of pathogens were identified, including six species and one genus recorded for the first time in this host. Copepoda — Euphausiacea dominated in the stomach contents (they are also the intermediate hosts for most of the parasites found), while Gadidae dominated among the fish. A checklist of E. gurnardus parasites is included.