bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Otocolobus manul (Carnivora: Felidae)
Authors: Noonan Paula , Baker Zoe , Hayssen Virginia 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Otocolobus manul (Pallas, 1776) is a small, solitary, terrestrial felid commonly called the Manul and is the sole species of its genus. It occurs in Afghanistan, Armenia, Bhutan, China, India, the Islamic Republic of Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, the Russian Federation, and Turkmenistan. Otocolobus manul might still occur in Tajikistan and Uzbekistan but might be extinct in Azerbaijan. As assessed in 2020, O. manul is listed as “Least Concern” (LC) on the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Red List of Threatened Species, with an estimate of 58,000 adults, although the population might be decreasing.
EcCas6e-based antisense crRNA for gene repression and RNA editing in microorganisms
Authors: Li Mutong , Cai Zhaohui , Song Shucheng , Yue Xinmin , Lu Wenyu , Rao Shuquan , Zhang Chuanbo , Xue Chaoyou 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Precise gene regulation and programmable RNA editing are vital RNA-level regulatory mechanisms. Gene repression tools grounded in small non-coding RNAs, microRNAs, and CRISPR-dCas proteins, along with RNA editing tools anchored in Adenosine Deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs), have found extensive application in molecular biology and cellular engineering. Here, we introduced a novel approach wherein we developed an EcCas6e mediated crRNA–mRNA annealing system for gene repression in Escherichia coli and RNA editing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We found that EcCas6e possesses inherent RNA annealing ability attributed to a secondary positively charged cleft, enhancing crRNA–mRNA hybridization and stability. Based on this, we demonstrated that EcCas6e, along with its cognate crRNA repeat containing a complementary region to the ribosome binding site of a target mRNA, effectively represses gene expression up to 25-fold. Furthermore, we demonstrated that multiple crRNAs can be easily assembled and can simultaneously target up to 13 genes. Lastly, the EcCas6e–crRNA system was developed as an RNA editing tool by fusing it with the ADAR2 deaminase domain. The EcCas6e–crRNA mediated gene repression and RNA editing tools hold broad applications for research and biotechnology.
Automated segmentation of brain metastases with deep learning: A multi-center, randomized crossover, multi-reader evaluation study
Authors: Luo Xiao , Yang Yadi , Yin Shaohan , Li Hui , Shao Ying , Zheng Dechun , Li Xinchun , Li Jianpeng , Fan Weixiong , Li Jing , Ban Xiaohua , Lian Shanshan , Zhang Yun , Yang Qiuxia , Zhang Weijing , Zhang Cheng , Ma Lidi , Luo Yingwei , Zhou Fan , Wang Shiyuan , Lin Cuiping , Li Jiao , Luo Ma , He Jianxun , Xu Guixiao , Gao Yaozong , Shen Dinggang , Sun Ying , Mou Yonggao , Zhang Rong , Xie Chuanmiao 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Artificial intelligence has been proposed for brain metastasis (BM) segmentation but it has not been fully clinically validated. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a system for BM segmentation.

Methods
A deep-learning-based BM segmentation system (BMSS) was developed using contrast-enhanced MR images from 488 patients with 10338 brain metastases. A randomized crossover, multi-reader study was then conducted to evaluate the performance of the BMSS for BM segmentation using data prospectively collected from 50 patients with 203 metastases at 5 centers. Five radiology residents and 5 attending radiologists were randomly assigned to contour the same prospective set in assisted and unassisted modes. Aided and unaided Dice similarity coefficients (DSCs) and contouring times per lesion were compared.

Results
The BMSS alone yielded a median DSC of 0.91 (95% confidence interval, 0.90–0.92) in the multi-center set and showed comparable performance between the internal and external sets (P = .67). With BMSS assistance, the readers increased the median DSC from 0.87 (0.87–0.88) to 0.92 (0.92–0.92) (P &lt; .001) with a median time saving of 42% (40–45%) per lesion. Resident readers showed a greater improvement than attending readers in contouring accuracy (improved median DSC, 0.05 [0.05–0.05] vs 0.03 [0.03–0.03]; P &lt; .001), but a similar time reduction (reduced median time, 44% [40–47%] vs 40% [37–44%]; P = .92) with BMSS assistance.

Conclusions
The BMSS can be optimally applied to improve the efficiency of brain metastasis delineation in clinical practice.
RNA N6-adenine methylation dynamics impact Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis resistance in Arabidopsis
Authors: Furci Leonardo , Berthelier Jérémy , Saze Hidetoshi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In plants, epitranscriptomic mark N6-adenine methylation (m6A) is dynamically regulated in response to environmental cues. However, little is known about m6A dynamics under biotic stresses and their role in environmental adaptation. Additionally, current methodologies limit the investigation of m6A dynamics at single-nucleotide resolution on specific RNA molecules. Using Oxford Nanopore Technology direct RNA sequencing and a neural network model, we show transcript-specific dynamics of m6A modification at single-nucleotide resolution during Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis (Hpa) infection in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). In wild-type seedlings, pathogen infection causes a significant reduction in global m6A ratios, which corresponds with the activation of m6A-modified transcripts. Defect of m6A deposition in the m6A mutant hakai-1 mimics m6A reduction from Hpa infection at ∼70% of sites, resulting in constitutive overexpression of basal defense genes and enhanced resistance against the pathogen. Our results demonstrate that m6A dynamics impact defense response against Hpa, providing a promising target for future crop improvement strategies.
STOP-Bang questionnaire in patients hospitalized with acute symptomatic pulmonary embolism
Authors: Briceño Winnifer , Barbero Esther , Mañas Eva , González Sara , García-Ortega Alberto , Oscullo Grace , García-Sánchez Aldara , Cano-Pumarega Irene , Martinez-Garcia Miguel Ángel , Jimenez David 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Study Objectives
The STOP-Bang questionnaire is a validated screening tool for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). We conducted this study to validate it among patients hospitalized with acute symptomatic pulmonary embolism (PE).

Methods
This prospective cohort study enrolled consecutive stable patients with acute PE who underwent an overnight sleep study within 7 days after diagnosis. Our outcomes were: (1) the STOP-Bang questionnaire’s utility for risk stratification, (2) the discrimination of the STOP-Bang questionnaire categories, (3) the false negative rate of STOP-Bang questionnaire prediction, and (4) the clinical utility of the STOP-Bang questionnaire to exclude OSA. We also calculated the test performance characteristics to predict OSA.

Results
During the study period, 268 patients completed a sleep study. OSA was found in 47% of patients. OSA incidence in low-, moderate-, and high-risk STOP-Bang groups was 22.4%, 48.2%, and 61.5%, respectively (p &lt; .001). The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve of the STOP-Bang questionnaire for risk of OSA was 0.65. The false negative rate of a low-risk STOP-Bang questionnaire result to rule out OSA was 22.4% and the clinical utility was 21.6%. The sensitivity was 89.8% (97.2% for men and 80.4% for women).

Conclusions
The STOP-Bang questionnaire showed poor discrimination for the risk of OSA in hospitalized patients with acute symptomatic PE. It had a high false negative rate and a low clinical utility. The STOP-Bang questionnaire had a good sensitivity in men, and might be used to rule out OSA in this population.
Airline insolvencies and environmental concerns: a comparative legal perspective
Authors: Das Ishita 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Airline insolvencies can be economically stressful for the countries concerned. One of the significant challenges associated with such insolvencies is the grounding of the aircraft over an extended period due to the pendency of the legal proceedings. The ease with which the lessors can regain possession of the aircraft, triggered by the default of the insolvency company, determines the efficacy of the regulatory climate. Leaving aside the financial troubles the insolvent company faces, it may be additionally expected to match its environmental obligations. Therefore, the push for ‘green insolvencies’ is slowly gaining momentum within the international community. The Cape Town Convention stipulates a sui generis process of seeking possession of an aircraft without undue delay. The countries incorporating the Convention into their domestic setups stand to gain a tremendous regulatory edge over those that are yet to align their national laws with this international instrument. While focusing on developing an efficient insolvency framework is not enough in light of the Sustainable Development Goals, it is possible to address environmental concerns by incorporating more climate-sensitive insolvency frameworks at the national level. The countries may continue to turn to their domestic environmental norms in this regard. This research study aims to throw light on how airline insolvencies need to be more considerate towards environmental interests. It seeks to fill the gaps in the current literature regarding this interface and explore this rather tenuous relationship from a comparative legal lens. The first section of the paper provides an overview of the study. The second section considers the applicability of the Cape Town Convention and discusses the relevant insolvency frameworks in the USA, the United Kingdom, Canada, India, and Nigeria. The last section of the study provides the concluding remarks and suggestions.
State subsidies and aircraft financing in the EU, USA, and China: a balancing act
Authors: Truxal Steven 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In the past, the discourse on State subsidies involving commercial aircraft was dominated by allegations of the support granted to aircraft manufacturers Airbus and Boeing, and the respective disputes brought before the Dispute Settlement Body of the World Trade Organization (WTO). While the focus has until now been narrowly confined to Airbus and Boeing and, thus, the European Union (EU) and the USA and the competition between the two, new large commercial aircraft manufacturers have entered the market—notably, those based in China, Russia, and Japan. This article examines the semi-recent ‘truce’ between Airbus and Boeing and what has followed—namely, the introduction of State investment mechanisms and strategies in the EU, USA, and China for commercial airlines seeking to ‘green’ their aircraft fleets. Against the backdrop of airlines purchasing aircraft and operating services on a global market, this article exposes the lack of harmonization in approach to State subsidies globally and questions the extent to which the State and the market—and, indeed, States or groups of States—perform a balancing act in aircraft financing, an area fraught with complex political and commercial realities.
Unveiling the role of circRBBP7 in myoblast proliferation and differentiation: A novel regulator of muscle development
Authors: Yang Yufeng , Huang Kongwei , Jiang Hancai , Wang Shuwan , Xu Xiaoxian , Liu Yang , Liu Qingyou , Wei Mingsong , Li Zhipeng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMuscle development is a multistep process regulated by diverse gene networks, and circRNAs are considered novel regulators mediating myogenesis. Here, we systematically analyzed the role and underlying regulatory mechanisms of circRBBP7 in myoblast proliferation and differentiation. Results showed that circRBBP7 has a typical circular structure and encodes a 13 ‐kDa protein. By performing circRBBP7 overexpression and RNA interference, we found that the function of circRBBP7 was positively correlated with the proliferation and differentiation of myoblasts. Using RNA sequencing, we identified 1633 and 532 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) during myoblast proliferation or differentiation, respectively. The DEGs were found mainly enriched in cell cycle‐ and skeletal muscle development‐related pathways, such as the MDM2/p53 and PI3K‐Akt signaling pathways. Further co‐IP and IF co‐localization analysis revealed that VEGFR‐1 is a target of circRBBP7 in myoblasts. qRT‐PCR and WB analysis further confirmed the positive correlation between VEGFR‐1 and circRBBP7. Moreover, we found that in vivo transfection of circRBBP7 into injured muscle tissues significantly promoted the regeneration and repair of myofibers in mice. Therefore, we speculate that circRBBP7 may affect the activity of MDM2 by targeting VEGFR‐1, altering the expression of muscle development‐related genes by mediating p53 degradation, and ultimately promoting myoblast development and muscle regeneration. This study provides essential evidence that circRBBP7 can serve as a potential target for myogenesis regulation and a reference for the application of circRBBP7 in cattle genetic breeding and muscle injury treatment.
High‐intensity interval training improves hypothalamic inflammation by suppressing HIF‐1α signaling in microglia of male C57BL/6J mice
Authors: Chen Yi , Zhang Siyan , Ye Liu , Chen Hong , Ma Ping , Wu Dandong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRepeated bouts of high‐intensity interval training (HIIT) induce an improvement in metabolism via plasticity of melanocortin circuits and attenuated hypothalamic inflammation. HIF‐1α, which plays a vital role in hypothalamus‐mediated regulation of peripheral metabolism, is enhanced in the hypothalamus by HIIT. This study aimed to investigate the effects of HIIT on hypothalamic HIF‐1α expression and peripheral metabolism in obese mice and the underlying molecular mechanisms. By using a high‐fat diet (HFD)‐induced obesity mouse model, we determined the effect of HIIT on energy balance and the expression of the hypothalamic appetite‐regulating neuropeptides, POMC and NPY. Moreover, hypothalamic HIF‐1α signaling and its downstream glycolytic enzymes were explored after HIIT intervention. The state of microglia and microglial NF‐κB signaling in the hypothalamus were also examined in vivo. In vitro by using an adenovirus carrying shRNA‐HIF1β, we explored the impact of HIF‐1 signaling on glycolysis and NF‐κB inflammatory signaling in BV2 cells. Food intake was suppressed and whole‐body metabolism was improved in exercised DIO mice, accompanied by changes in the expression of POMC and NPY. Moreover, total and microglial HIF‐1α signaling were obviously attenuated in the hypothalamus, consistent with the decreased levels of glycolytic enzymes. Both HFD‐induced microglial activation and hypothalamic NF‐κB signaling were significantly suppressed following HIIT in vivo. In BV2 cells, after HIF‐1 complex knockdown, glycolysis and NF‐κB inflammatory signaling were significantly attenuated. The data indicate that HIIT improves peripheral metabolism probably via attenuated HFD‐induced microglial activation and microglial NF‐κB signaling in the hypothalamus, which could be mediated by suppressed microglial HIF‐1α signaling.
Suture-Less and Glue-Less Amniotic Membrane Graft for Keratopathy and Early Keratinization in Drug Reaction With Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms Syndrome
Authors: Lahoti Sejal , Shi Julia J. , Mohamed Mohamed , Waldrop William , Bowman R. Wayne 
Published: July 2024

Purpose:
Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome can cause significant keratopathy and lead to lasting visual effects. The main objective of this study was to describe an ocular presentation of DRESS treated with a modified suture-less and glue-less amniotic membrane graft technique. This study also provides a literature review of ocular DRESS manifestations and ocular management of the other severe cutaneous adverse reactions.

Methods:
This is a case review about an 82-year-old man with sepsis due to recent Mycobacterium tuberculosis, who presented with DRESS based on clinical findings.

Results:
The patient was treated with a modified suture-less and glue-less amniotic membrane graft technique along with a Prokera corneal bandage placement. The patient had significant improvement of visual acuity and symptoms with this technique.

Conclusions:
Patients with significant corneal and conjunctival involvement associated with DRESS, similar to Stevens–Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN), may benefit from more aggressive treatment with amniotic membrane transplantation and Prokera corneal bandage placement to prevent scarring and subsequent vision loss. The modified technique described in this article can be used for patients who may be poor candidates for the operating room.
Systemic Hodgkin Lymphoma with Presumed Intraocular Involvement
Authors: Marks Victoria A. , Vempuluru Vijitha S. , Shields Carol L. 
Published: July 2024

Purpose:
We report a rare case of systemic Hodgkin lymphoma with presumed intraocular involvement that resolved following systemic chemotherapy.

Method:
Observational case report.

Results:
A 32-year-old woman with known stage II Hodgkin lymphoma presented with 3 months of photopsia and decreased vision in the left eye. Fundus examination demonstrated vitreous cells, more than 100 yellow choroidal infiltrates involving the entire fundus, and retinal pigment epithelial defects in the macular region of the left eye. Ultrasonography showed chorioretinal thickening and optical coherence tomography demonstrated vitreous opacities with outer retinal atrophy, irregular retinal pigment epithelial thickening, and hyper-transmission defects. A diagnosis of Hodgkin lymphoma with vitreoretinal involvement was considered. Fine needle aspiration biopsy was considered, but the patient preferred deferral as she was already on cycle 3 of systemic chemotherapy (doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, dacarbazine). Following the fourth cycle of systemic treatment, the vitreous cells and choroidal lesions resolved.

Conclusion:
This case details a rare presentation of systemic Hodgkin lymphoma with presumed vitreoretinal and choroidal involvement that responded to anti-Hodgkin lymphoma chemotherapy.
Limitations of ChatGPT for Patient Education Regarding Frequently Searched Questions About Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Authors: Muraira Paolo M. , Chen Annie , Lerner Lori B. , Kaplan Steven A. , McVary Kevin T. , Muraira Franco M. , Gonzalez Ricardo R. 
Published: July 2024

Purpose:
Generative Pre-Trained Transformer 4 (GPT-4) or ChatGPT, an artificial intelligence language generator, has been used in multiple applications in medicine. We seek to evaluate ChatGPT’s ability to generate appropriate responses consistent with guidelines when asked patient-generated questions regarding benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

Methods:
GPT-4 (Open AI) was queried to answer 20 of the most frequently asked questions regarding BPH according to Google’s search engine. Questions were subclassified into 5 categories: pathophysiology, diagnosis, behavioral modification, procedural interventions, and medical treatments. These responses were graded by expert urologists involved in generating the AUA BPH Clinical Guidelines on 3 domains: accuracy, comprehensiveness, and contemporaneousness.

Results:
Of the responses generated, 70% were accurate, 73% were comprehensive, and 63% were contemporary. Seventeen percent of GPT-4 responses were inaccurate, incomprehensive, and noncontemporary. The highest scores were in diagnosis (88.9%), pathophysiology (83.3%), and relative medical treatment (70.4%) subcategories. The most inaccurate, incomprehensive, and noncontemporary category was procedural treatments (31.7%).

Conclusions:
When rated by guideline experts in management of male lower urinary tract symptoms attributed to BPH, GPT-4 has been shown to provide some accurate, comprehensive, and updated information exceeding 80% accuracy, comprehensiveness and contemporaneousness in the categories of diagnosis, and pathophysiology. GPT-4 can serve as an adequate revising tool for patients to learn the basics about BPH regarding diagnosis and pathophysiology, but the current version fails patients in other subcategories such as relative medical treatments and procedural treatments. Given the rise in GPT-4’s ubiquity, it is imperative that the urologic community critically examines all sources of patient information to identify areas of improvement.
Dacomitinib overcomes acquired resistance to osimertinib in advanced NSCLC patients with EGFR L718Q mutation: A two-case report
Authors: Li Jielin , Jin Meizi , Diao Yuzhu , Li Xiaoling 
Published: July 2024

Rationale:
Acquired resistance still inevitably occurs in patients treated with third-generation TKI osimertinib. Although the EGFR L718Q mutation has been reported as a scarce mechanism of osimertinib resistance, advanced therapeutic strategies are still in development. In this report, we included 2 cases of patients who acquired EGFR L858R/L718Q mutation after osimertinib and were overcome by dacomitinib.

Patient concerns:
Case 1: A 77-year-old woman was diagnosed with stage IV lung adenocarcinoma. Case 2: A 64-year-old woman was diagnosed with stage IV lung adenocarcinoma.

Diagnoses:
Case 1: The patient was diagnosed with adenocarcinoma with EGFR L858R mutation. Since then, treatment with gefitinib was administrated, leading to a progression-free survival of 18 months. The treatment was switched to osimertinib based on the detection of EGFR T790M mutation, resulting in a progression-free survival of 24 months. Subsequently, EGFR L718Q mutation was detected. Case 2: The patient was diagnosed with adenocarcinoma with EGFR L858R mutation. Icotinib was used as the first-line treatment for 7 months. Osimertinib was applied as the second-line treatment for 13 months based on the EGFR T790M mutation. Subsequently, EGFR L718Q mutation was detected.

Interventions:
Case 1: Dacomitinib was administered. Case 2: Dacomitinib was administered.

Outcomes:
Case 1:The progression-free survival was 8 months. Case 2: The progression-free survival was 3 months.

Lessons:
Dacomitinib is a potential treatment option for NSCLC patients with EGFR L718Q mutation after resistance to Osimertinib. Further research is needed to validate the efficacy of Dacomitinib in this context.