bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the thermal protection ablative properties of thermosetting composites with powder fillers: the corundum Al2O3 and the Carbon Powder C
Authors: Kucharczyk Wojciech , Przybyłek Paweł , Opara Tadeusz A. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Phenol formaldehyde resins were filled with mixtures of corundum Al2O3 and carbon C powders to produce thermoprotective composites. The composites were treated with hot combustion gases to determinate the temperature profiles across rectangular samples of dimensions 10x25x35 mm. The carbonization of the thermosetting matrix was observed. It was qualified the qualitative and the quantitative effect of components on the ablation surface temperature, the back side temperature of specimen and the mass waste under intensive heat fl ow after 120 s of treatment with hot combustion gases. The composites with higher matrix content (more liquid resin and less adhesive resin) and with predominance of corundum Al2O3 over carbon powder C showed the best insulating properties.
New thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers based on sulfur-containing chain extenders
Authors: Kultys Anna , Puszka Andrzej 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
New thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers (TPUs) were synthesized by a one-step melt polyaddition from poly(oxytetramethylene) diol of M¯n = 2000 g/mol as the soft segment, 1,1’-methanediylbis(4-isocyanatocyclohexane) (HMDI, Desmodur W®), and 2,2’-[methanediylbis(benzene-4,1-diylmethanediylsulfanediyl)]diethanol (diol E) or 6,6’-[methanediylbis(benzene-4,1-diylmethanediylsulfanediyl)]dihexane-1-ol (diol H) as unconventional chain extenders. The effects of the kind and amount of the polymer diol and chain extender used on the structure and properties of the polymers were studied. The polymers were examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, Shore hardness and tensile testing. Both the adhesive and optical properties were determinated for a selected polymer. The obtained TPUs were amorphous, colorless, high-molar-mass materials. It was observed that the polymers with the diol E showed higher hardness and tensile strengths but smaller elongations at break than diol H-based ones. All of the polymers exhibited a relatively good thermal stability. Their temperatures of 5% mass loss were in the range 312-338°C.
Influence of heterogeneous nucleation on thermodynamic properties of isotactic polypropylene
Authors: Barczewski Mateusz , Dobrzyńska-Mizera Monika , Trzeciak Mirosław 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
In this paper we have investigated the effect of 1,2,3-trideoxy-4,6:5,7-bis-O-[(4-propylphenyl)methylene]-nonitol sorbitol used in varying amounts (0.01 - 1 wt %) on isotactic polypropylene (iPP) matrix. We have used dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to study glass transition temperatures and crystallinity as a function of the nucleating agent concentration. Isotactic polypropylene samples showed a strong dependency on amount of α nucleating agent used. An increasing content of sorbitol based nucleating agent led to an increase of crystallization temperature upon cooling from the melt at constant rate and a decrease of the glass transition temperatures.
Nonlinear self-adjointness and invariant solutions of a 2D Rossby wave equation
Authors: Cimpoiasu Rodica , Constantinescu Radu 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe paper investigates the nonlinear self-adjointness of the nonlinear inviscid barotropic nondivergent vorticity equation in a beta-plane. It is a particular form of Rossby equation which does not possess variational structure and it is studied using a recently method developed by Ibragimov. The conservation laws associated with the infinite-dimensional symmetry Lie algebra models are constructed and analyzed. Based on this Lie algebra, some classes of similarity invariant solutions with nonconstant linear and nonlinear shears are obtained. It is also shown how one of the conservation laws generates a particular wave solution of this equation.
Biofilm formation and serum susceptibility in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Mikucionyte Greta , Dambrauskiene Asta , Skrodeniene Erika , Vitkauskiene Astra 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is one of the most important opportunistic pathogens. The pathogenicity of P. aeruginosa has been associated with multiple bacterial virulence factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between P. aeruginosa strains obtained from various clinical samples and resistance to antibiotics and pathogenicity factors, such as resistance to serum bactericidal activity and biofilm formation. This study included 121 P. aeruginosa strains isolated from clinical samples; 65 of the isolated P. aeruginosa strains were carbapenem-resistant, and 56 were carbapenem-sensitive. Carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa strains were more often resistant to the majority of tested antibiotics, compared to carbapenem-sensitive strains. We did not find any statistically significant difference between resistance to carbapenems and serum resistance and ability of tested P. aeruginosa strains to produce biofilms. Carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa strains were recovered from the urinary tract significantly more often (75.0%) than carbapenem-sensitive P. aeruginosa strains (25.0%). Carbapenem-sensitive P. aeruginosa strains were recovered significantly more often from the respiratory tract than carbapenem-resistant strains, 60.0% and 40.0%, respectively. All the P. aeruginosa strains recovered from blood were serum-resistant. P. aeruginosa strains recovered from the respiratory tract and wounds were significantly frequently serum sensitive, 95.6% and 56.6%, respectively. We did not find any differences in biofilm production among the P. aeruginosa strains recovered from different sources.
Interaction between Levothyroxine and Phenprocoumon: a case report
Authors: Gaeti Walderez , Obreli-Neto Paulo , Cuman Roberto 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Several case reports have associated the combined use of thyroid drugs and oral anticoagulants, like coumarin, with overanticoagulation. However, this effect has never been described for phenprocoumon, a coumarin derivate that is widely prescribed in continental European countries and in Latin America. We describe a 62-year-old female who had an unexpectedly labile anticoagulation profile when levothyroxine (Puran T4®) was added to her drug therapy regimen, which included phenprocoumon (Marcoumar®). This resulted in an elevated international normalized ratio (INR) that was unrecordable and bleeding (macroscopic hematuria) that required hospitalization and treatment with vitamin K. The patient had been taking phenprocoumon for almost ten years for systemic embolism prophylaxis because of her history of mechanical bileaflet mitral valve prosthesis. One month before the events described, the patient was prescribed sodium levothyroxine (50 mcg daily) to treat hypothyroidism (TSH = 40 µU/mL; reference range, 0.40–4.0 µU/mL). Approximately 3 weeks prior to initiation of levothyroxine treatment, her INR was 2.8. A drug interaction was therefore suspected. The Horn Drug Interaction Probability Scale (DIPS) indicated a probable interaction between oral phenprocoumon and levothyroxine in this case. Clinicians should be aware that levothyroxine may interact with oral phenprocoumon, resulting in overanticoagulation.
MiR-34a regulates apoptosis in liver cells by targeting the KLF4 gene
Authors: Chen Qiu , Li Lei , Tu Yu , Zheng Lu , Liu Wei , Zuo Xue , He Yong , Zhang Shu , Zhu Wei , Cao Jian , Cui Feng , Hou Jun 
Published: January 2014

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression by inhibiting translation or targeting messenger RNA (mRNA) for degradation in a posttranscriptional fashion. In this study, we show that ectopic expression of miR-34a-5p reduces the mRNA and protein levels of Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4). We also demonstrate that miR-34a targets the 3′-untranslated mRNA region of KLF4 and show that overexpression of miR-34a induces a significant level of apoptosis in BNL CL.2 cells exposed to doxorubicin or 10 Gy X-ray. Our data suggest that the effects of miR-34a on apoptosis occur due to the downregulation of KLF4.
Whooping craneGrus americanachick mortality and management intervention
Authors: King Richard S. , Espenshade Jessica L. , Kirkpatrick‐Wahl Sarah K. , Lapinski Monika K. , Malekan Ilana , Ricket Jennifer M. 
Published: January 2014

Translocation of captive‐reared animals is widely used as a tool for endangered species recovery. Frequently, translocated populations have relatively low initial productivity, requiring management intervention. A translocated population of whooping cranesGrus americanain central Wisconsin is such a case. We examined chick mortality for this population and used daily chick survival rates as our response variable to model several parameters including phenology, chick age, energetics and parent age and experience. We also developed and evaluated adoption techniques using sandhill cranesGrus canadensisto mitigate the effects of high chick mortality and increase the probability of fledging. Our results illustrate the challenges that translocated populations can face as they encounter novel breeding conditions. We found that whooping crane daily chick survival was relatively low and most mortality events occurred within the first 20 days. Our results indicated that variables related to age of the parents as well as the pair's previous chick rearing experience were useful for predicting daily chick survival. We found that sandhill crane foster parents readily accepted replacement chicks. We also demonstrated adopted chicks acceptance of foster parents and that the chicks' source (captive‐born vs wild‐born) did not affect success of the adoption. Chick adoption provides several management options that could be used to bypass the period when chicks experience the greatest mortality. Reducing chick mortality and developing techniques to increase the number of fledged chicks is paramount for whooping crane recovery as well as the recovery of other endangered bird species.
Intraseasonal variation in survival and probable causes of mortality in greater sage‐grouse Centrocercus urophasianus
Authors: Blomberg Erik J. , Gibson Daniel , Sedinger James S. , Casazza Michael L. , Coates Peter S. 
Published: January 2014

The mortality process is a key component of avian population dynamics, and understanding factors that affect mortality is central to grouse conservation. Populations of greater sage‐grouse Centrocercus urophasianus have declined across their range in western North America. We studied cause‐specific mortality of radio‐marked sage‐grouse in Eureka County, Nevada, USA, during two seasons, nesting (2008‐2012) and fall (2008‐2010), when survival was known to be lower compared to other times of the year. We used known‐fate and cumulative incidence function models to estimate weekly survival rates and cumulative risk of cause‐specific mortalities, respectively. These methods allowed us to account for temporal variation in sample size and staggered entry of marked individuals into the sample to obtain robust estimates of survival and cause‐specific mortality. We monitored 376 individual sage‐grouse during the course of our study, and investigated 87 deaths. Predation was the major source of mortality, and accounted for 90% of all mortalities during our study. During the nesting season (1 April ‐ 31 May), the cumulative risk of predation by raptors (0.10; 95% CI: 0.05‐0.16) and mammals (0.08; 95% CI: 0.03‐013) was relatively equal. In the fall (15 August ‐ 31 October), the cumulative risk of mammal predation was greater (M(mam) = 0.12; 95% CI: 0.04‐0.19) than either predation by raptors (M(rap) = 0.05; 95% CI: 0.00‐0.10) or hunting harvest (M(hunt) = 0.02; 95% CI: 0.0‐0.06). During both seasons, we observed relatively few additional sources of mortality (e.g. collision) and observed no evidence of disease‐related mortality (e.g. West Nile Virus). In general, we found little evidence for intraseasonal temporal variation in survival, suggesting that the nesting and fall seasons represent biologically meaningful time intervals with respect to sage‐grouse survival.
Population viability analysis of the Japanese rock ptarmigan Lagopus muta japonica in Japan
Authors: Suzuki Ayaka , Kobayashi Atsushi , Nakamura Hiroshi , Takasu Fugo 
Published: January 2014

The Japanese rock ptarmigan Lagopus muta japonica breeds only in limited alpine areas at high elevations (> 2,500 m a.s.l.) in Japan. The estimated population size is about 2,000 birds and their breeding distribution is subdivided into several local areas, in each of which they may be at risk of local extinction. We estimated age‐specific demographic parameters of the core population breeding on Mt. Norikura in Gifu and Nagano prefecture in Japan. We also estimated population viability using deterministic and stochastic population models. Age‐specific fertility (the number of female offspring that survived to the next breeding season per female) was 0.417 ± 0.086, 0.490 ± 0.080, 0.513 ± 0.153, 0.435 ± 0.078, 0.562 ± 0.139, 0.580 ± 0.122 (mean ± SE) for ages 1‐6+, respectively. The annual survival rate was 0.739 ± 0.047, 0.624 ± 0.064, 0.513 ± 0.087, 0.732 ± 0.151, 0.447 ± 0.220, 0.486 ± 0.089. The population growth rate, evaluated by use of a deterministic projection‐matrix model, predicted a stable population, λ = 1.105 ± 0.063, 95% CI = 0.985‐1.231 and λ = 1.114 ± 0.062, 0.996‐1.239, using two different assumptions for the final age of reproduction by ptarmigan. We evaluated the risk of extinction as the proportion of λs that was < 1, and this was ≤ 4.4%. To complement the deterministic model, we developed an individual‐based stochastic population model in which each of the individuals produced a variable number of offspring and survived one year with certain probabilities that were drawn from estimated distributions of age‐specific clutch size and survival rates. Averaged population growth rate under the stochastic model was λ = 1.1, and the risk of extinction defined as the proportion of trials in which population size ≤ 1 within 30 years was ≤ 8.9%, even when the starting population was small (15 birds). These results suggest that the local population at Mt. Norikura is stable in size and suffers a relatively low risk of extinction. We suggest that this population can serve as a potential source for surrounding small local populations that may be sink populations.
Survival of female capercaillieTetrao urogallusin northern Sweden
Authors: Åhlen Per‐Arne , Willebrand Tomas , Sjöberg Kjell , Hörnell‐Willebrand Maria 
Published: January 2014

We studied survival and cause‐specific mortality of radio‐marked capercaillieTetrao urogallusfemales relative to habitat type in northern Sweden during 2000‐2004. Our high‐mountain area (1,600 km2) consisted of the alpine transition zone from Norway sprucePicea abies‐dominated forest, mountain birchBetula pubescensand alpine heath. Our low‐mountain areas consisted of two forest areas (300 and 160 km2) dominated by Scots pinePinus sylvestrisand characterised by more intensive forestry than the first‐mentioned area. Predation was the most common cause of mortality in both the high‐mountain (70%) and low‐mountain (90%) areas. We attributed 10% of mortality in both areas to hunting. Collisions with cars and power lines were only documented in the high‐mountain area. A Cox‐proportional regression model stratified by year suggested that hazard was lower for yearlings and birds using low‐mountain areas, but these estimates were associated with large uncertainties. Pooling all individuals showed an average annual survival probability of 0.68 (0.62‐0.75; 95% CI), with no tendency for hazard to vary among seasons. Because survival of females was comparable to those reported in other studies and the harvest mortality was low, we suggest that the capercaillie population in the Swedish high‐mountain region does not need any changes in the present management strategy.
Radiosurgery inhibition of the Notch signaling pathway in a rat model of arteriovenous malformations
Authors: Tu Jian , Li Yang , Hu Zhiqiang , Chen Zhongbin 
Published: January 2014

Object
Notch signaling has been suggested to promote the development and maintenance of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), but whether radiosurgery inhibits Notch signaling pathways in AVMs is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine molecular changes of Notch signaling pathways following radiosurgery and to explore mechanisms of radiosurgical obliteration of “nidus” vessels in a rat model of AVMs.

Methods
One hundred eleven rats received common carotid artery–to–external jugular vein anastomosis to form an arteriovenous fistula (AVF) model. Six weeks postoperatively, dilated small vessels and capillaries formed a nidus. The rats with AVFs received 25-Gy radiosurgery. The expression of Notch1 and Notch4 receptors and their ligands, Delta-like1 and Delta-like4, Jagged1, Notch downstream gene target HES1, and an apoptotic marker caspase-3 in nidus vessels in the AVF rats was examined immunohistochemically and was quantified using LAS-AF software at 7 time points over a period of 42 days postradiosurgery. The interaction events between Notch1 receptor and Jagged1, as well as Notch4 receptor and Jagged1, were quantified in nidus vessels in the AVF rats using proximity ligation assay at different time points over 42 days postradiosurgery.

Results
The expression of Notch1 and Notch4 receptors, Delta-like1, Delta-like4, Jagged1, and HES1 was observed in nidus vessels in the AVF rats pre- and postradiosurgery. Radiosurgery enhanced apoptotic activity (p < 0.05) and inhibited the expression of Notch1 and Notch4 receptors and Jagged1 in the endothelial cells of nidus vessels in the AVF rats at 1, 2, 3, 7, 21, 28, and 42 days postradiosurgery (p < 0.05). Radiosurgery suppressed the interaction events between Notch1 receptor and Jagged1 (p < 0.001) as well as Notch4 receptor and Jagged1 (p < 0.001) in the endothelial cells of nidus vessels in the AVF rats over a period of 42 days postradiosurgery. Radiosurgery induced thrombotic occlusion of nidus vessels in the AVF rats. There was a positive correlation between the percentage of fully obliterated nidus vessels and time after radiosurgery (r = 0.9324, p < 0.001).

Conclusions
Radiosurgery inhibits endothelial Notch1 and Notch4 signaling pathways in nidus vessels while inducing thrombotic occlusion of nidus vessels in a rat model of AVMs. The underlying mechanisms of radiosurgery-induced AVM shrinkage could be a combination of suppressing Notch receptor signaling in blood vessel endothelial cells, leading to a reduction in nidus vessel size and thrombotic occlusion of nidus vessels.
Migrations en Méditerranée, une nouvelle donne
Authors: Wihtol de Wenden Catherine 
Published: January 2014

Les migrations en Méditerranée sont un champ en vaste recomposition. Les révolutions arabes, la situation économique dans les pays européens et l’attraction du sud, qui devient aujourd’hui une destination presque aussi prisée que le nord (sur 240 millions de migrants internationaux, 130 millions se dirigent vers le nord, à partir du sud ou du nord) et 110 millions se dirigent vers le sud (à partir du sud ou du nord) ont-ils eu des conséquences pour les pays d’origine des immigrés dans la région et les destinations des émigrants ? Pour y répondre, il convient de ne pas considérer la Méditerranée comme un bloc, mais de montrer les différentes dimensions du processus de redéploiement en cours. Plusieurs facteurs doivent être pris en compte : la situation démographique très diversifiée – transition, pénurie de main d’œuvre ou d’emplois – l’attraction vers des pôles riches en emplois rémunérateurs (pétrole, gaz), le repoussoir que constituent des pays en crise et les événements à l’origine de flux de réfugiés, l’apparition de nouveaux pays de transit pour les migrants dans la région, en partie liée à la fermeture des frontières européennes, les Européens qui s’installent au sud.
Les migrations en Tunisie après la révolution
Authors: Boubakri Hassan 
Published: January 2014

Ce texte traite du nouveau contexte migratoire dans lequel s’est retrouvée la Tunisie après « sa » révolution du début de l’année 2011. Il met l’accent sur les différents types de flux qu’a connus le pays, qu’il s’agisse des départs de dizaines de milliers de jeunes Tunisiens en direction de l’Italie, ou de l’exil de centaines de milliers de travailleurs migrants et de ressortissants libyens (où les familles étaient fortement représentées) durant la guerre dans leur pays. Après la fin du conflit et le rapatriement des travailleurs migrants et des familles vers leurs pays d’origine, la Tunisie a hérité d’un camp de transit pour réfugiés et demandeurs d’asile qui ne pouvaient pas rentrer dans leurs pays respectifs, eux-mêmes souvent en guerre ou en conflit ethnique. Mais les solutions proposées après la fermeture de ce camp, décidée par le Haut Commissariat des Nations unies pour les réfugiés (HCR), soulèvent un ensemble d’interrogation sur les risques d’externalisation du traitement de l’asile dans les pays tiers de transit dans le cadre des négociations des accords de mobilité entre ces pays et l’Union Européenne.
La vulnérabilité des réfugiés palestiniens à la lumière de la crise syrienne
Authors: Al-Husseini Jalal , Doraï Kamel 
Published: January 2014

Depuis 2011, la crise syrienne et ses conséquences sur la population des quelque 500 000 réfugiés palestiniens qui y résident a fait rejaillir la vulnérabilité de cette population dans l’ensemble des pays du Moyen-Orient depuis son exode de 1948. Loin des discriminations sociales et économiques dont ils ont été les victimes dans certains pays voisins, comme au Liban, les réfugiés palestiniens se sont vus assurer en Syrie un accès sans entraves particulières à tous les secteurs de l’instruction publique ainsi qu’au marché du travail local. Mais la rébellion syrienne et la guerre civile qui s’en est suivie depuis 2011 les a ramenés à leur condition première : un peuple apatride, otage du conflit en cours, dépourvu d’une réelle protection étatique et exclu du système universel de protection des réfugiés mis en place par les Nations unies au début des années 1950.
Politiques de migration et d'asile de l'Union européenne en Méditerranée
Authors: Morice Alain , Rodier Claire 
Published: January 2014

Dans le domaine des migrations, la Méditerranée est vue depuis ses rivages du nord, comme un péril constant. Les crises politiques et sociales sont dès lors révélatrices d’une inquiétude obsidionale dont la rationalité est problématique. Ce fut récemment encore le cas, à l’occasion des événements qui ont bouleversé la Tunisie et la Libye : confrontées à un flux de migrants Nord-Sud somme toute relativement faible, les politiques migratoires des pays européens et de l’Union européenne n’ont pas varié et ont continué à se fonder sur des critères de « maîtrise des flux » et d’externalisation des contrôles, y compris en ce qui concerne les réfugiés.
Le traitement des immigrés en France : un continuum depuis 1945
Authors: Brun François 
Published: January 2014

Quelles que soient les circonstances et les lieux, les politiques migratoires en tant que telles, quelle que soit leur souplesse ou leur rigueur, semblent ne pas échapper à cette fin ultime : filtrer et trier les migrants admis à pénétrer et à demeurer sur un territoire. Que les portes soient plus ou moins ouvertes, que les critères d’admission soient principalement démographiques ou économiques, les politiques migratoires sont presque tautologiquement des politiques d’« immigration choisie ». La France ne fait pas exception à la règle.