bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mobile technology-enhanced asset maintenance in an SME
Authors: Stefan Bankosz Grzegorz , Kerins John 
Published: April 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to develop a prototype system to demonstrate the potential benefits of deploying mobile technology to enhance asset maintenance processes in a small food manufacturing plant.Design/methodology/approach– Design, development and deployment of a solution using open-source resources aimed at demonstrating improved asset maintenance functionality to principal stakeholders in a food manufacturing plant.Findings– The development of a prototype system supporting user interaction via a mobile phone demonstrates the potential benefits of more flexible data capture and improved information management which offer clear advantages over the limitations imposed by a stand-alone terminal.Research limitations/implications– The solution was developed as a prototype. In this respect it serves to illustrate system benefits but more work is needed to extend system functionality.Practical implications– Issues concerning data security and questions surrounding a suitable deployment platform would need to be addressed in deploying this technology.Originality/value– The research demonstrates that mobile technology can successfully be utilised to enhance asset maintenance in a small manufacturing plant by improving data capture and information management. These initiatives are likely to be of interest to other SMEs seeking to enhance asset maintenance processes.
Proper use of rice straw black liquor: lignin/silica derivatives as efficient green antioxidants for SBR rubber
Authors: S. Abdel Zaher Khlood , Swellem R.H. , A.M. Nawwar Galal , M. Abdelrazek Fathy , H. El-Sabbagh Salwa 
Published: April 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to study the efficiency of lignin/silica and calcium lignate/calcium silicate as natural antioxidants in styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) vulcanizates.

Design/methodology/approach
– It has been found that thermal aging data of the aged sample revealed that SBR vulcanizate undergoes crosslink reactions that lead to embrittlement and ultimately failure. Incorporation of lignin/silica or calcium lignate/calcium silicate, however, resulted in significant improvement of the degradation profile of the vulcanizates at 90±1°C. Loss of tensile strength and flexibility during aging of the SBR compounds with 8 phr lignin/silica or calcium lignate/calcium silicate was mild relative to unfilled polymer, indicating a restricted degradation due to the presence of the investigated compounds. The results obtained revealed that the investigated compounds are good antioxidant, and the evaluation was confirmed by physico-mechanical properties of the vulcanizates, FT-IR spectroscopy, transmission (TEM) and scanning (SEM) electron microscope.

Findings
– It was noticed that SBR vulcanizates having 8 phr of lignin/silica or calcium lignate/calcium silicate exhibited the best mechanical properties in comparison with other concentrations (1, 2, 4, 6 and 10 phr). Also, results revealed that the lignin/silica derivatives are efficient antioxidants in SBR vulcanizates compared to vulcanizates containing conventional antioxidants used in rubber industry, namely polymerized 2,2,4-trimethyl-1, 2-dihydroquinoline (TMQ), and N-isopropyl-N'-phenyl-P-phenylenediamine (IPPD).

Research limitations/implications
– All these results indicated that lignin/silica and calcium lignate/calcium silicate in SBR had good heat resistance and aging resistance, calcium lignate/calcium silicate has an application limitation as not all vulcanizates need to use CaCO3/calcium salts.

Practical implications
– Lignin is usually seen as a waste product of pulp and paper industry and is often used as fuel for the energy balance of the pulping process. It is simple isolation along with silica from rice straw and using it as an antioxidant added further practical utility for this waste.

Originality/value
– The importance of lignin/silica derivatives is arisen from their biodegradability and their ease availability from rice straw black liquor.
A new single step synthesis of copper phthalocyanine green using microwave irradiation effects in functionalisation of C−H bonds in aromatic rings
Authors: Seyyedi Behnam , Edrisi Mohammad , Seyyedi Maryam , Mahdavinia Gholamreza 
Published: April 2014

Purpose
– The paper introduces a new method for single step synthesis of copper phthalocyanine green pigment using microwave irradiation to activate C−H bonds on the aromatic rings that are possible by creation of chlorine radicals. The aims of this study are to investigate the possibility of high-efficiency product reaction, removing acidic wastewater, time optimization, and maximizing number of chlorine on aromatic rings.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper presents a new synthesis technique, which does not have the problems of the conventional methods. Microwave irradiation is used as a chemical reaction initiator by creation of chlorine radicals in saturated aqueous solution of sodium chloride and C−H bond activation on aromatic rings. The approach yields to a high quality of product, uniform particle size distribution, high efficiency and an environmental friendly procedure.

Findings
– The paper introduces the use of suitable materials and water solvents in chemical reactions under microwave radiation at low temperatures. This shows that the microwave irradiation activates C−H bonds on aromatic rings and creates chlorine radicals at the same time, which results in relatively fast reaction of synthesis copper phthalocyanine green.

Research limitations/implications
– The ammonium molybdate catalyst, which is used in this method, should be weighed carefully. The effects of transition metals on chemical reactions in the presence of microwave irradiation can also be chlorinated other unsaturated bonds.

Practical implications
– The method develops a simple and practical solution to improve the synthesis of phthalocyanine green pigment.

Originality/value
– The synthesis method of copper phthalocyanine green pigment is novel. CuPhcCl16 has numerous applications in industrial.
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose as a polymeric corrosion inhibitor for aluminium
Authors: Okechi Arukalam Innocent , Chimezie Madufor Innocent , Ogbobe Okoro , E. Oguzie Emeka 
Published: April 2014

Purpose– The paper aims to investigate the effectiveness of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) as corrosion inhibitor for aluminium in 0.5 M H2SO4solution.Design/methodology/approach– This study was carried out using weight loss and electrochemical techniques. Inhibition efficiency was determined by comparing the corrosion rates in the absence and presence of inhibitor system. Quantum chemical computations were performed using density functional theory to assess the parameters responsible for the inhibition process and also to analyse the local reactivity of the molecule.Findings– HPMC inhibited aluminium corrosion in the acidic environment. The inhibition efficiency was found to depend on concentration of the inhibitor. Impedance results reveal that HPMC is adsorbed on the corroding metal surface. Polarization results show that the dissolution reaction is due to destabilization of the passive oxide film on the Al surface. Adsorption of the inhibitor is approximated by Freundlich adsorption isotherm and the calculated standard free energy of adsorption indicates weak physical interaction between the inhibitor molecules and aluminium surface. This can be attributed to preferential interaction of the active sites with the passive oxide layer. The calculated quantum chemical parameters show good correlation with the inhibition efficiency.Practical implications– HPMC could find possible application as a polymeric thickener and additive to improve corrosion resistance and barrier properties of anticorrosion paints.Originality/value– This paper provides novel information on the inhibitive characteristics of HPMC under the stated conditions. The inhibitor systems provide an effective means for suppressing aluminium corrosion even in highly aggressive acidic environments.
Tourism and technology in the global economy: challenges for small island states
Authors: Spencer Andrew 
Published: April 2014

Purpose
– This paper sets the stage for research on the willingness and readiness of a developing country to fully embrace the changes in tourism that are being facilitated by rapidly changing technological advancements. The purpose of this paper is to explore some of the technological advancements and the debates surrounding technology adoption within the context of Jamaica.

Design/methodology/approach
– Using Jamaica, a developing country low on internet penetration as the site of investigation, this work suggests that there are lessons to be learned from broadly assessing its context economically, socially and technologically. This specific case is juxtaposed against the theoretical works on diffusion of technology and the digital divide to indicate the way forward for the local tourist industry.

Findings
– The work shows that technology diffusion and adoption has become an important area of research globally. For countries that are heavily dependent on inbound travel from regions of the world with high technology penetration and a clientele which is increasingly expecting cutting edge technology to be part and parcel of their travel plans, this type of research and application of new technologies to the travel package are critical to survival and growth.

Research limitations/implications
– The practical application of this paper is that it suggests that Jamaica and other developing countries can learn valuable lessons from the debates and discussions in the literature relating to technology adoption in the tourism context.

Originality/value
– This paper is original in that it introduces a research concept that is new for the context of Jamaican tourist industry and places the research context within the theoretical framework on the digital divide.
The globalization of the cruise industry: a tale of ships
Authors: Coggins Jr Andrew Oscar 
Published: April 2014

Purpose
– The paper aimed to explore the development of the North American and the European cruise industry. The paper is discursive and it covers philosophical discussions and comparative studies of others
'
work and thinking. The paper attempts to provide answers to the following questions. Is it a zero-sum game? And does the rise of new tourism destinations imply the decline of some of the existing destinations?

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper employs literature and archival documents utilizing data from Berlitz Guides to Cruising 1992-2013, Cruise Industry News Annuals 1995-2013, and other sources were evaluated to draw conclusions.

Findings
– Cruising has evolved from a source of supplemental income into the fastest growing segment of the hospitality and tourism industry. The confluence of innovative ships, improved distribution channels, market awareness, and harbor facilities, has often resulted in rapid sustained expansion. Looking at the quantity and quality of major ships, their impact on the growth and globalization of the industry is illustrated.

Practical implications
– Ship numbers and deployment patterns can serve as precursors of growth. Analysis shows that quantitative and qualitative changes in permanently assigned ships signal transformative growth in a region
'
s cruise market.

Originality/value
– The paper serves to identify regions and times for further investigation of impact. The paper is a concise chronicle of the development of the cruise industry and it serves as a basis for further in-depth research.
Shifting tourism flows in a changing climate: policy implications for the Caribbean
Authors: Emmanuel Kwame 
Published: April 2014

Purpose
– Population growth, climate change, shortages of oil and other resources will have dramatic implication on where, when and how tourists travel in the future. This will also reshape the tourism industry for the future. Knowing what will happen in the future has always fascinated mankind from time immemorial. However, forecasting and predictions require not only a systematic approach to development but also an imagination and the ability to think and see beyond the ordinary. As a result, the purpose of this paper is to underscore the projected northward shift in tourism demand due to the global impacts of climate change and the lack of policy attention.

Design/methodology/approach
– A rapid assessment of the literature was conducted to explore tourism flows to the Caribbean in a changing climate and recommendations for adaptation.

Findings
– Tourism demand from major markets such as Europe and North America may be reduced significantly as tourists travel to other destinations, which are closer to home and have a more favourable climate. Regulation of carbon emissions from long haul flights will also influence demand substitution. Despite this projection, current policies in the Caribbean promote further development of the climate sensitive 3S model without anticipating a possible decrease in demand in the future.

Research limitations/implications
– Research implications include a recalibration of tourism policy and diversification of Caribbean tourism and economies.

Originality/value
– Recommendations are outlined for a critical issue that is not on the policy agenda.
Year‐round effects of climate on demographic parameters of an arctic‐nesting goose species
Authors: van Oudenhove Louise , Gauthier Gilles , Lebreton Jean‐Dominique 
Published: April 2014

SummaryUnderstanding how climate change will affect animal population dynamics remains a major challenge, especially in long‐distant migrants exposed to different climatic regimes throughout their annual cycle.We evaluated the effect of temperature throughout the annual cycle on demographic parameters (age‐specific survival and recruitment, breeding propensity and fecundity) of the greater snow goose (Chen caerulescens atlanticaL.), an arctic‐nesting species. As this is a hunted species, we used the theory of exploited populations to estimate hunting mortality separately from natural mortality in order to evaluate climatic effects only on the latter form of mortality.Our analysis was based on a 22‐year marking study (n = 27 150 females) and included live recaptures at the breeding colony and dead recoveries from hunters. We tested the effect of climatic covariates by applying a procedure that accounts for unexplained environmental variation in the demographic parameter to a multistate capture–mark–recapture recruitment model.Breeding propensity, clutch size and hatching probability all increased with high temperatures on the breeding grounds. First‐year survival to natural causes of mortality increased when temperature was high at the end of the summer, whereas adult survival was not affected by temperature. On the contrary, accession to reproduction decreased with warmer climatic conditions during the non‐breeding season.Survival was strongly negatively related to hunting mortality in adults, as expected, but not in first‐year birds, which suggests the possibility of compensation between natural and hunting mortality in the latter group.We show that events occurring both at and away from the breeding ground can affect the demography of migratory birds, either directly or through carryover effects, and sometimes in opposite ways. This highlights the need to account for the whole life cycle of an animal when attempting to project the response of populations to future climatic changes.
Cheetahs and wild dogs show contrasting patterns of suppression by lions
Authors: Swanson Alexandra , Caro Tim , Davies‐Mostert Harriet , Mills Michael G. L. , Macdonald David W. , Borner Markus , Masenga Emmanuel , Packer Craig 
Published: April 2014

Summary

Top predators can dramatically suppress populations of smaller predators, with cascading effects throughout communities, and this pressure is often unquestioningly accepted as a constraint on mesopredator populations.

In this study, we reassess whether African lions suppress populations of cheetahs and African wild dogs and examine possible mechanisms for coexistence between these species.

Using long‐term records from Serengeti National Park, we tested 30 years of population data for evidence of mesopredator suppression, and we examined six years of concurrent radio‐telemetry data for evidence of large‐scale spatial displacement.

The Serengeti lion population nearly tripled between 1966 and 1998; during this time, wild dogs declined but cheetah numbers remained largely unchanged. Prior to their local extinction, wild dogs primarily occupied low lion density areas and apparently abandoned the long‐term study area as the lion population ‘saturated’ the region. In contrast, cheetahs mostly utilized areas of high lion density, and the stability of the cheetah population indicates that neither high levels of lion‐inflicted mortality nor behavioural avoidance inflict sufficient demographic consequences to translate into population‐level effects.

Population data from fenced reserves in southern Africa revealed a similar contrast between wild dogs and cheetahs in their ability to coexist with lions.

These findings demonstrate differential responses of subordinate species within the same guild and challenge a widespread perception that lions undermine cheetah conservation efforts. Paired with several recent studies that document fine‐scale lion‐avoidance by cheetahs, this study further highlights fine‐scale spatial avoidance as a possible mechanism for mitigating mesopredator suppression.
Introduction to a Virtual Issue on Comparative Urbanism
Authors: Robinson Jennifer 
Published: April 2014

AbstractComparative urbanism has been a core feature ofIJURR's editorial agenda since its founding. This virtual issue comprises 30 articles reflectingIJURR's contribution to comparative urbanism, reinforced by the growing postcolonial insistence on a more global scope for urban studies widely aired in this journal. This introductory article discusses the contemporary potential of comparative urbanism to contribute to a more global urban studies and considers some of the key insights for this project which can be gleaned from early contributions to the journal, including comparing across cities jointly shaped by the uneven development of the world‐economy, thinking across socialist and capitalist cities, and the important role of world cities approaches in shaping the scope of urban comparisons. The articles in the section on the ‘tactics and terms’ of comparison reflect on the methodological, analytical and political challenges involved in building a more global urban studies. In the ‘composing comparisons’ section there are examples of classic and more recent variation‐finding comparisons, and innovative analyses which consider variations amongst cities within and across regions, including comparisons which challenge or bypassNorthern orWestern reference points. More experimental comparative methods associated with tracing connections across cities are reflected in the third section, beginning with the seminal world cities analyses and building on more recent interest in policy mobilities. The final section draws together a series of articles which demonstrate the scope for building analyses from specific contexts for wider theoretical interrogation: ‘launching and engaging concepts’. These articles reflect the best traditions ofIJURR's editorial practices which have encouraged contributions from authors around the globe whose work disrupts and extends prominent analyses but who are also eager to initiate new theorizations through attending to the specificity of their case studies and situations. Here we see, for example, the concept of ‘informality’ emerging in studies of cities inAfrica, to be put to work in the final contribution to the issue, in theUSA.
Benefits and Costs of Auditor's Assurance: Evidence from the Review of Quarterly Financial Statements
Authors: Bédard Jean , Courteau Lucie 
Published: April 2014

AbstractEven though there is a worldwide consensus as to the necessity of an audit of annual financial statements for public companies, there is divergence of views as to the review of interim financial statements. While some jurisdictions make it mandatory (e.g., Australia, France, United States), others allow the review without requiring it (e.g., Canada, United Kingdom). Using a sample of companies listed in Canada, we examine the costs associated with these reviews and the benefits they generate in terms of improvement in the quality of interim financial statements for the years 2004 and 2005. Controlling for the decision to purchase the reviews, we find that audit fees are 18 percent higher for firms with interim reviews and, contrary to many regulators' assumption, we find no evidence that this cost increase is proportionally higher for smaller firms. Regarding the benefits of interim reviews, we find no significant association between either accruals‐ or nonaccruals‐based measures of earnings management and the fact that the interim statements are reviewed by the auditor, neither in the interim reports nor in those of the fourth quarter. The results suggest that auditors' involvement with interim reports may not be as effective as previously thought at controlling the quality of interim financial statements.
Using topical benzocaine before lingual frenotomy did not reduce crying and should be discouraged
Authors: Ovental A , Marom R , Botzer E , Batscha N , Dollberg S 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAimThe US Food and Drug Administration has said that oral preparations containing benzocaine should only be used in infants under strict medical supervision, due to the rare, but potentially fatal, risk of methemoglobinemia. This study aimed to determine the analgesic effect of topical application of benzocaine prior to lingual frenotomy in infants with symptomatic tongue‐tie. We hypothesised that the duration of crying immediately following frenotomy with topical benzocaine would be shorter than with no benzocaine.MethodsThis randomised controlled study compared the length of crying after lingual frenotomy in term infants who did, or did not, receive topical application of benzocaine to the lingual frenulum prior to the procedure.ResultsWe recruited 21 infants to this study. Crying time was less than one minute in all of the subjects. The average length of crying in the benzocaine group (21.6 ± 13.6 sec) was longer than the length of crying in the control group (13.1 ± 4.0 sec), p = 0.103.ConclusionContrary to our hypothesis, infants who were treated with topical benzocaine did not benefit from topical analgesia in terms of crying time. The use of benzocaine for analgesia prior to lingual frenotomy in term infants should therefore be discouraged.
Stocking the Genetic Supermarket: Reproductive Genetic Technologies and Collective Action Problems
Authors: Gyngell Chris , Douglas Thomas 
Published: April 2014

AbstractReproductive genetic technologies (RGTs) allow parents to decide whether their future children will have or lack certain genetic predispositions. A popular model that has been proposed for regulating access to RGTs is the ‘genetic supermarket’. In the genetic supermarket, parents are free to make decisions about which genes to select for their children with little state interference. One possible consequence of the genetic supermarket is that collective action problems will arise: if rational individuals use the genetic supermarket in isolation from one another, this may have a negative effect on society as a whole, including future generations. In this article we argue that RGTs targeting height, innate immunity, and certain cognitive traits could lead to collective action problems. We then discuss whether this risk could in principle justify state intervention in the genetic supermarket. We argue that there is a plausible prima facie case for the view that such state intervention would be justified and respond to a number of arguments that might be adduced against that view.