bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Should anti‐inhibitor coagulant complex and tranexamic acid be used concomitantly?
Authors: Valentino L. A. , Holme P. A. 
Published: June 2015

Inhibitor development in haemophilia patients is challenging especially when undergoing surgical procedures. The development of an inhibitor precludes using factor VIII (FVIII) therapy thereby requiring a bypassing agent (BPA) for surgical bleeding prophylaxis if the FVIII inhibitor titre >5 BU. Concomitant use of anti‐inhibitor coagulant complex (AICC) and tranexamic acid has been reported in the literature as a beneficial treatment for this population. Anti‐inhibitor coagulant complex is known to cause an increase in thrombin generation and tranexamic acid inhibits fibrinolysis. Hence, the combined used of AICC and tranexamic acid has been limited due to safety concerns over possibilities of increased risk of thrombotic events and disseminated intravascular coagulation. However, the rationale for concomitant therapy is to obtain a potential synergistic effect and to increase clot stability. We conducted a literature review of past studies and individual case reports of concomitant use of AICC and tranexamic acid, which was extensively used during dental procedures. Evidence also exists for concomitant use of the combined therapy in orthopaedic procedures, control of gastrointestinal bleeding, epistaxis and cerebral haemorrhages. Some patients who received the combined therapy had failed monotherapy with a single BPA prior to combined therapy. There were no reports of thrombotic complications related to the concomitant therapy and haemostasis was achieved in all cases. Anti‐inhibitor coagulant complex and tranexamic acid therapy was found to be safe, well‐tolerated and effective therapy in haemophilia patients with inhibitors. Additional randomized controlled studies should be performed to confirm these findings.
Ectopic expression of N‐acetylglucosaminyltransferase V accelerates hepatic triglyceride synthesis
Authors: Kamada Yoshihiro , Ebisutani Yusuke , Kida Sachiho , Mizutani Kayo , Akita Maaya , Yamamoto Akiko , Fujii Hironobu , Sobajima Tomoaki , Terao Naoko , Takamatsu Shinji , Yoshida Yuichi , Takehara Tetsuo , Miyoshi Eiji 
Published: June 2015

AimGlycosylation changes induce various types of biological phenomena in human diseases. N‐Acetylglucosaminyltransferase V (GnT‐V) is one of the most important glycosyltransferases involved in cancer biology. Recently, many researchers have challenged studies of lipid metabolism in cancer. To elucidate the relationships between cancer and lipid metabolism more precisely, we investigated the effects of GnT‐V on lipid metabolism. In this study, we investigated the effects of aberrant glycosylation by GnT‐V on hepatic triglyceride production.MethodsWe compared lipid metabolism in GnT‐V transgenic (Tg) mice with that of wild‐type (WT) mice fed with normal chow or a choline‐deficient amino acid‐defined (CDAA) diet in vivo. HepG2 cells and GnT‐V transfectants of Hep3B cells were used in an in vitro study.ResultsSerum triglyceride levels and hepatic very low‐density lipoprotein (VLDL) secretion in Tg mice were significantly elevated compared with that of WT mice. Hepatic lipogenic genes (Lxrα, Srebp1, Fas and Acc) and VLDL secretion‐related gene (Mttp1) were significantly higher in Tg mice. Expression of these genes was also significantly higher in GnT‐V transfectants than in mock cells. Knockdown of GnT‐V decreased, while both epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor‐β1 stimulation increased LXRα gene expression in HepG2 cells. Finally, we found that the blockade of VLDL secretion by CDAA diet induced massive hepatic steatosis in Tg mice.ConclusionOur study demonstrates that enhancement of hepatic GnT‐V activity accelerates triglyceride synthesis and VLDL secretion. Glycosylation modification by GnT‐V regulation could be a novel target for a therapeutic approach to lipid metabolism.
Response Evaluation Criteria in Cancer of the Liver (RECICL) (2015 Revised version)
Authors: Kudo Masatoshi , Ueshima Kazuomi , Kubo Shoji , Sakamoto Michiie , Tanaka Masatoshi , Ikai Iwao , Furuse Junji , Murakami Takamichi , Kadoya Masumi , Kokudo Norihiro ,   for the Liver Cancer Study Group of Japan
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) is inappropriate to assess the direct effects of treatment on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by locoregional therapies such as radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). Therefore, establishment of response evaluation criteria solely devoted to HCC is needed urgently in clinical practice as well as in clinical trials of HCC treatment, such as molecular‐targeted therapies, which cause necrosis of the tumor. The Response Evaluation Criteria in Cancer of the Liver (RECICL) was revised in 2015 by the Liver Cancer Study Group of Japan based on the 2009 version of RECICL, which was commonly used in Japan. Major revised points of the RECICL 2015 is to define the target lesions of two lesions per organ or three lesions per liver, up to a maximum of five lesions. The second revised point is that setting the timing at which the overall treatment response has been changed. The third point is that the definition of treatment effect 1 has been changed to more than 50% tumor enlargement, excluding the area of necrosis after treatment. Overall evaluation of treatment response has been amended to make it possible to evaluate the overall response including extrahepatic lesions by systemic therapy, which is similar to RECIST or modified RECIST. We hope this new treatment response criteria, RECICL, proposed by the Liver Cancer Study Group of Japan will benefit HCC treatment response evaluation in the setting of daily clinical practice and clinical trials, not only in Japan, but also internationally.
Association between histopathological features of dysplasia in oral leukoplakia and loss of heterozygosity
Authors: Fonseca‐Silva Thiago , Diniz Marina G , de Sousa Sílvia F , Gomez Ricardo S , Gomes Carolina C 
Published: June 2015

AimsOral leukoplakia (OL) dysplasia is graded on the basis of architectural and cytological features, and grade does not correlate well with malignant transformation. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) profiles have been validated as risk predictors of OL malignant transformation. We aimed to assess whether the histological parameters used to grade dysplasia show different LOH profiles.Methods and resultsAreas of epithelial dysplasia of 29 OL samples were microdissected, and LOH was assessed by use of a panel of 11 microsatellite markers located on chromosomes 3, 9, 11, and 17. Dysplasia was graded, and the cytological and architectural parameters were scored. Dysplasia was graded as mild in 18 samples, moderate in nine, and severe in two. The moderate/severe dysplasias and the mild dysplasias did not show different frequencies of allelic loss. Irregular epithelial stratification was associated with LOH at marker D3S1234 (3p14.2). In addition, the presence of drop‐shaped rete ridges and premature keratinization in single cells showed associations with LOH at D9S162 (9p22) and P53 (17p13.1), respectively.ConclusionsWe provide evidence that architectural and cellular changes in OL have different LOH patterns.
Glioneuronal tumours with features of rosette‐forming glioneuronal tumours of the fourth ventricle and dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumours: a report of three cases
Authors: Chen Shi‐Yun , Wang Wei , Wang Lei‐Ming , Lin Qing‐Tang , Zhao Guo‐Guang , Xu Geng , Lu De‐Hong , Piao Yue‐Shan 
Published: June 2015

AimsTo study three atypical glioneuronal tumours (GNTs), in order to shed light on the clinical and pathological features of this diverse tumour group.Methods and resultsClinical and neuropathological data for each case were retrospectively reviewed. Case 1 involved a 17‐year‐old boy with left leg movement difficulty. A mass lesion in the basal ganglia was detected radiologically; histopathological features included neurocytic/perivascular rosettes and a pilocytic astrocytoma component. Case 2 involved a 33‐year‐old man with intractable epilepsy. His left parietal lobe contained a cyst‐like mass, resembling dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumour and rosette‐forming glioneuronal tumour of the fourth ventricle microscopically. Case 3 involved a 21‐year‐old woman with a mass lesion in the mesencephalic tegmentum extending to the third and fourth ventricles and the suprasellar region. The lesion contained perivascular/neurocytic rosettes and an oligodendroglioma‐like component. None of the tumours expressed an isocitrate dehydrogenase I mutation of the R132H type or contained a 1p/19q deletion, a BRAFV600E mutation, or KIAA1549–BRAF fusion.ConclusionsWe describe three GNTs with atypical histopathology and locations. Additional cases and molecular studies are needed to better understand the biological nature of GNTs and to refine their classification system.
Recent advances in polymyalgia rheumatica
Authors: Owen C. E. , Buchanan R. R. C. , Hoi A. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractPolymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of unknown cause characterised by the subacute onset of shoulder and pelvic girdle pain, and early morning stiffness in men and women over the age of 50 years. Due to the lack of a gold standard investigation, diagnosis is based on a clinical construct and laboratory evidence of inflammation. Heterogeneity in the clinical presentation and disease course of PMR has long been recognised. Aside from the evolution of alternative diagnoses, such as late‐onset rheumatoid arthritis, concomitant giant cell arteritis is also recognised in 16–21% of cases. In 2012, revised classification criteria were released by the European League Against Rheumatism and American College of Rheumatology in order to identify a more homogeneous population upon which future studies could be based. In this article, we aim to provide an updated perspective on the pathogenesis and diagnosis of PMR, with particular focus on imaging modalities, such as ultrasound and whole body positron emission tomography/computed tomography, which have advanced our current understanding of this disease. Future treatment directions, based on recognition of the key cytokines involved in PMR, will also be explored.
Appropriate use of echocardiography in an Australian regional centre
Authors: Al‐Kaisey A. , Jones E. , Nadurata V. , Farouque O. , De Silva D. , Ramchand J. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe 2011 Appropriate Use Criteria (AUC) were developed by the American Society of Echocardiography (ASE) to provide guidance for referring physicians in response to growing concerns about unnecessary transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) requests. When applied in multiple centres overseas, the rate of inappropriate referrals was as high as 22%.AimTo assess the applicability of, and the level of adherence to the 2011 AUC in an Australian regional hospital where the AUC have not been tested systematically.MethodsA retrospective analysis of 1000 inpatient and outpatient TTE referrals was conducted between January 2014 and June 2014 at Bendigo Hospital, a major regional referral hospital.ResultsNinety‐eight percent of the TTE referrals were classifiable. The most common indication for ordering TTE was to evaluate symptoms potentially related to a cardiac aetiology. Of the classifiable referrals, 77% were appropriate, 20.3% were inappropriate and 2.7% were uncertain. The most common inappropriate indications were routine surveillance of the left ventricular (LV) function in stable chronic cardiac conditions and routine perioperative evaluation of the LV function with no symptoms or signs of cardiovascular disease. Inappropriate referrals were significantly more frequent in outpatients compared with inpatients (24.4% vs 9.6%, P < 0.001).ConclusionThis study provides a novel insight into the ordering of TTEs in regional Australia. In this study, one in five referrals had an inappropriate indication and could be avoided. This may have significant implications for healthcare resources in regional centres, and strategies to reduce inappropriate echocardiography ordering need to be implemented.
Prevalence of mood disturbance in Australian adults with chronic spinal cord injury
Authors: Migliorini C. , Sinclair A. , Brown D. , Tonge B. , New P. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundThere is little understanding of the prevalence of mental health issues in people with spinal cord injury (SCI) after they leave rehabilitation or how mental health issues can alter over time.AimThe aims were to (i) determine the prevalence of mood disturbance in adults with chronic SCI living in the community, (ii) ascertain whether the prevalence of mood disturbance had changed since a previous study in 2004–2005 and (iii) establish whether people with chronic SCI remain vulnerable to mood disturbance, irrespective of time since injury.MethodsProspective, open‐cohort case series. Participants were 573 community‐based adults with a chronic SCI. The depression, anxiety and stress scale – short version was used. Analyses included simple descriptors, Chi‐squared and repeated measures t‐tests.ResultsNearly half of participants (n = 263/573; 46%) reported symptoms indicating mood disturbance, which was similar to the level found in the previous study. While the presence of mood disturbance persisted in 23% of adults (n = 26) and 46 (41%) were in the ‘below threshold’ category, just over a third of the adults who participated in both studies (n = 111) experienced a change (n = 21, 19% mood disturbance resolved and n = 18, 16% mood disturbance developed).ConclusionBoth resilience and change are common. At no time after SCI is the risk of mental health problems considered reduced or even stable. These results highlight the importance of regular mental health reviews even in those who have previously displayed good resilience.
Effects of Turmeric Treatment and Smoking Duration on the Shelf Life of Ready‐to‐Cook Fillets from Sutchi Catfish during Chill Storage
Authors: Pankyamma Viji , Somarajan Tanuja , Ninan George , Kuttanppilly Velayudhanelayodam Lalitha , Abubacker Aliyamveettil Zynudheen , Puthanpurackal Kizhakkathil Binsi 
Published: June 2015

AbstractEffects of smoking duration as well as turmeric treatment on the quality characteristics of ready‐to‐cook sutchi catfish fillets during chill storage were evaluated. One lot of fillet portions was dip treated in 2% turmeric solution (w/v) and smoked at 60C for 1 h. Another lot was dip treated in 2% turmeric solution (w/v) and smoked at 60C for 2 h. Significant reductions in the free fatty acid (FFA), peroxide value (PV) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) values were observed in samples treated with turmeric and smoked for 1 h (T1) and 2 h (T2) compared to their respective control samples (C1 and C2) during storage at 4C. Smoking for 2 h has significantly reduced FFA formation, but increased PV and TBARS of both control and treated samples during storage. Highest total volatile base‐nitrogen content was observed in C1 followed by C2 samples. The textural parameters showed a decreasing trend in all the samples over the storage period. Higher hardness values were observed in C2 and T2 samples compared to C1 and T1 samples. The sensory scores were found to be higher for the treated samples, among which T2 samples showed the highest overall acceptability score. The results of the present study revealed a shelf life of 7, 14, 17 and 21 days for C1, T1, C2 and T2 samples, respectively, during chill storage.Practical ApplicationsAlthough synthetic additives are widely used in fish processing industry to control the process of lipid oxidation as well as microbial growth, the present trend is to decrease their use because of the growing concern about the safety of such chemical additives. In recent years, fish processing sector is giving more emphasis on the use of natural preservatives such as spices and its derivatives for improving the stability and shelf life of fish and fish products. The present study gives an account of the effects of turmeric treatment on the quality characteristics of a value‐added smoked fish product during refrigerated storage. Turmeric treatment along with extended smoking is found to be effective in delaying the spoilage process during storage. The findings of the study could be used among the processors to decide upon the appropriate preprocessing protocol for improving the quality of the product to get better profitability as well as consumer satisfaction at the retail markets.
Mechanically‐ v. diffusion‐controlled metamorphic microstructure: a symplectite example from Rhodope Metamorphic Complex (Greece)
Authors: Moulas E. , Tajčmanová L. , Vrijmoed J. C. , Podladchikov Y. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractGradients in chemical potential are the driving force for chemical diffusion and their spatial distribution is thus essential to investigate equilibrium in metamorphic rocks. At high temperatures (>650 °C), where chemical diffusion is relatively fast, the development and preservation of compositional zoning in minerals can be controlled by mechanically maintained pressure variations. Therefore, the dependence of chemical potentials on pressure plays an important role in correct interpretations of rock microstructures. Distinguishing between pressure‐controlled chemical zoning and zoning reflecting chemical diffusion is a challenge. To tackle this challenge, we investigate a symplectitic microstructure around kyanite in an amphibolitized eclogite from the Rhodope Metamorphic Complex (Greece). The sample recrystallized at high temperatures (~720 °C) and low pressures (<1 GPa) during which kyanite was replaced by fine‐grained symplectites of sapphirine, spinel, plagioclase and corundum. The plagioclase rim around kyanite shows a cusp‐shaped chemical zoning of calcium along the grain boundaries. The results from combined phase equilibria and diffusion modelling show that the cusp‐like shapes were developed by fast grain boundary diffusion at constant pressure after the relaxation of grain‐scale pressure variations across the plagioclase rim. The results illustrate an example where petrographic observations help to distinguish between mechanically‐ and diffusion‐controlled chemical zoning.
Masked hypertension in extremely preterm adolescents
Authors: Centra Johanna C , Roberts Gehan , Opie Gillian , Cheong Jeanie , Doyle Lex W ,   Victorian Infant Collaborative Study Group
Published: June 2015

AimExtremely preterm (EPT, born <28 weeks gestation) or extremely low birthweight (ELBW, birthweight <1000 g) individuals are at increased risk of high blood pressure (BP) and cardiovascular disease. We compared office BP measurements with 24‐h ambulatory BP measurement (ABP) in EPT/ELBW individuals at age 18 years and term controls, and determined the sensitivity and specificity of office BP in predicting masked hypertension (24‐h ABP measurements > 130/80).MethodsAll EPT/ELBW individuals and matched term control adolescents born in Victoria, Australia, between 1991 and 1992 were recruited. A subset of this cohort was seen at 18 years, and researchers blinded to birth status measured office BP and ABP. We established the office BP thresholds that had the highest sensitivity and specificity in predicting masked hypertension.ResultsEPT/ELBW (N = 120) individuals had higher mean BP measurements at 18 years, compared with controls (N = 71). Although there were no significant differences in rates of high BP between groups, high proportions of both EPT/ELBW (43.3%) and term control (36.6%) participants met criteria for masked systolic hypertension. In EPT/ELBW individuals, office systolic BP measurement of ≥122.5 mmHg predicted masked systolic hypertension (sensitivity 79%, specificity 74%). Office diastolic BP measurement of ≥75.5 mmHg predicted masked diastolic hypertension (sensitivity 77%, specificity, 77%).ConclusionsAt age 18 years, EPT/ELBW individuals have higher systolic and diastolic BP, compared with controls. Office BP may be an adequate screen for masked hypertension in EPT/ELBW survivors, but further research is needed to identify accurate ABP thresholds for masked hypertension for young Australians.
Efficacy of antiviral prophylaxis in HBsAg‐negative, anti‐HBc positive patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Yoo Jeong‐Ju , Cho Eun Ju , Cho Young Youn , Lee Minjong , Lee Dong Hyeon , Cho Yuri , Lee Jeong‐Hoon , Yu Su Jong , Yoon Sung‐Soo , Yoon Jung‐Hwan , Kim Yoon Jun 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackground & AimsHepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation can occur in persons who are hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)‐negative but hepatitis B core antibody (anti‐HBc) positive, especially following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). However, evidence supporting the routine use of prophylactic antiviral agents for such patients is scarce. The aim of this study was to compare the frequency of HBV reactivation between prophylactic and non‐prophylactic groups in patients who underwent HSCT.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included 315 HBsAg‐negative, anti‐HBc positive patients who received autologous or allogenic stem cell transplantation from January 2008 to December 2013. Patients were categorized into prophylactic and non‐prophylactic groups. The primary endpoint was the incidence of HBV reactivation.ResultsMedian follow‐up duration was 21.4 months. Antiviral prophylaxis was not given to 219 patients, and 96 received prophylaxis. The median duration of prophylaxis was 7.0 months. HBV reactivated in 12 patients (prophylactic group, 4; non‐prophylactic group, 8). The median time to reactivation was 20.5 months after starting chemotherapy. All patients who reactivated were promptly and successfully treated with rescue antiviral agents. The risk of reactivation did not differ between prophylactic and non‐prophylactic groups (P = 0.061) but was increased significantly by the allogenic type of HSCT and the loss of recipient's antibodies against HBsAg (anti‐HBs).ConclusionsShort‐term antiviral prophylaxis appears insufficient to decrease the risk of HBV reactivation. Therefore, either prophylaxis longer than 24 months or careful monitoring of HBV DNA combined with on‐demand antiviral treatment may prove more effective than the routine short‐term prophylaxis given to these patients.
Automatic Morphologic Analysis of Quasi‐Periodic Masonry Walls from LiDAR
Authors: Riveiro Belén , Lourenço Paulo B. , Oliveira Daniel V. , González‐Jorge Higinio , Arias Pedro 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis article presents a novel segmentation algorithm that allows the automatic segmentation of masonry blocks from a 3D point cloud acquired with LiDAR technology, for both stationary and mobile devices. The point cloud segmentation algorithm is based on a 2.5D approach that creates images based on the intensity attribute of LiDAR systems. Image processing algorithms based on an improvement of the marked‐controlled watershed was successfully used to produce the automatic segmentation of the point cloud in the 3D space isolating each individual stone block. Finally, morphologic analysis in two case studies has been carried out. The morphologic analysis provides information about the assemblage of masonry pieces, which is valuable for the structural evaluation of masonry buildings.