bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PET interleaving veils for improved fracture toughness of glass fibre/low‐styrene‐emission unsaturated polyester resin composites
Authors: Fitzmaurice Kevin , Ray Dipa , Mccarthy Michael A. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTThe use of interleaved polyethylene terephthalate (PET) veils to increase the interlaminar fracture toughness of glass fiber‐reinforced, low‐styrene emission, unsaturated polyester resin composites, was investigated. PET, being chemically similar to the unsaturated polyester resin, was expected to exhibit good wetting and strong interaction with the matrix. Composite laminates were manufactured by hand lay‐up, with the veil content varying up to 7%. The effects of PET veils on the interlaminar shear strength, flexural strength, flexural modulus, glass transition temperature, damping parameters, and Mode‐I interlaminar fracture toughness of the composite were studied. The veils were found to enhance most of these properties, with only minor negative effects on flexural stiffness and Tg. The PET/resin bonding did indeed prove to be strong, but the enhancement of fracture toughness was not as much as expected, because of the weaker glass/resin interface providing an alternative crack propagation path. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 42877.
Fabricating and Tailoring Polyaniline (PANI) Nanofibers with High Aspect Ratio in a Low‐Acid Environment in a Magnetic Field
Authors: Ma Yong , Chen Yanhui , Mei Ang , Qiao Mingtao , Hou Chunping , Zhang Hepeng , Zhang Qiuyu 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn a 0.010 m HCl solution, we successfully transformed irregular polyaniline (PANI) agglomerates into uniform PANI nanofibers with a diameter of 46–145 nm and a characteristic length on the order of several microns by the addition of superparamagnetic Fe3O4 microspheres in a magnetic field. The PANI morphological evolution showed that the PANI nanofibers stemmed from the PANI coating shell synthesized on the surface of the Fe3O4 microsphere chains. It was found that the magnetic field could optimize the PANI nanofibers with a narrow diameter size distribution, and effectively suppressed secondary growth. When compared with other microspheres (like silica and polystyrene), only the use of superparamagnetic Fe3O4 microspheres resulted in the appearance of PANI nanofibers. Attempts to form these high‐quality PANI nanofibers in other concentrations of HCl solution were unsuccessful. This deficiency was largely attributed to the inappropriate quantity of aniline cations.
Murine Cyp3a knockout chimeric mice with humanized liver: prediction of the metabolic profile of nefazodone in humans
Authors: Nakada Naoyuki , Kawamura Akio , Kamimura Hidetaka , Sato Koya , Kazuki Yasuhiro , Kakuni Masakazu , Ohbuchi Masato , Kato Kota , Tateno Chise , Oshimura Mitsuo , Usui Takashi 
Published: September 2015

AbstractChimeric mice with humanized livers (PXB mice) are used to investigate the metabolism and pharmacokinetics of drugs in humans. However, residual murine enzymatic activities derived from the liver and the presence of mouse small intestinal metabolism can hamper the prediction of human drug metabolism. Recently murine Cytochrome P450 3a gene knockout chimeric mice with humanized livers (Cyp3a KO CM) were developed. To evaluate the prediction of drug metabolism, nefazodone (NEF) was administered orally at 10 mg/kg to the following mouse strains: Cyp3a KO CM, murine Cyp3a gene knockout (Cyp3a KO), PXB and severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice. Liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry was used for metabolic profiling of plasma, urine and bile. The prediction of human metabolite levels such as hydroxy nefazodone (OH‐NEF), triazoledione form (TD), m‐chlorophenylpiperazine and dealkyl metabolites in Cyp3a KO CM was superior to that in Cyp3a KO, PXB or SCID mice. Further, clinical exposure levels of NEF, OH‐NEF and TD were reproduced in Cyp3a KO CM. In contrast, NEF was rapidly metabolized to TD in both PXB and SCID mice but not in Cyp3a KO mice, suggesting that murine CYP3A is involved in the elimination of NEF in these mice. These findings demonstrate that the metabolic profile of NEF in Cyp3a KO CM differs qualitatively and quantitatively from that in PXB mice due to the higher metabolic rate of NEF and its metabolites via murine CYP3A. Therefore Cyp3a KO CM might be useful in predicting the metabolic profiles of drug candidates in humans. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inferring Others' Hidden Thoughts: Smart Guesses in a Low Diagnostic World
Authors: Street Chris N. H. , Bischof Walter F. , Vadillo Miguel A. , Kingstone Alan 
Published: September 2015

AbstractPeople are biased toward believing that what others say is what they truly think. This effect, known as the truth bias, has often been characterized as a judgmental error that impedes accuracy. We consider an alternative view: that it reflects the use of contextual information to make the best guess when the currently available information has low diagnosticity. Participants learnt the diagnostic value of four cues, which were present during truthful statements between 20% and 80% of the time. Afterwards, participants were given contextual information: either that most people would lie or that most would tell the truth. We found that people were biased in the direction of the context information when the individuating behavioral cues were nondiagnostic. As the individuating cues became more diagnostic, context had less to no effect. We conclude that more general context information is used to make an informed judgment when other individuating cues are absent. That is, the truth bias reflects a smart guess in a low diagnostic world. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Meta-analysis of the association between preoperative anaemia and mortality after surgery
Authors: Fowler A J , Ahmad T , Phull M K , Allard S , Gillies M A , Pearse R M 
Published: September 2015

Abstract

Background
Numerous published studies have explored associations between anaemia and adverse outcomes after surgery. However, there are no evidence syntheses describing the impact of preoperative anaemia on postoperative outcomes.

Methods
A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies exploring associations between preoperative anaemia and postoperative outcomes was performed. Studies investigating trauma, burns, transplant, paediatric and obstetric populations were excluded. The primary outcome was 30-day or in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes were acute kidney injury, stroke and myocardial infarction. Predefined analyses were performed for the cardiac and non-cardiac surgery subgroups. A post hoc analysis was undertaken to evaluate the relationship between anaemia and infection. Data are presented as odds ratios (ORs) with 95 per cent c.i.

Results
From 8973 records, 24 eligible studies including 949 445 patients were identified. Some 371 594 patients (39·1 per cent) were anaemic. Anaemia was associated with increased mortality (OR 2·90, 2·30 to 3·68; I2 = 97 per cent; P &lt; 0·001), acute kidney injury (OR 3·75, 2·95 to 4·76; I2 = 60 per cent; P &lt; 0·001) and infection (OR 1·93, 1·17 to 3·18; I2 = 99 per cent; P = 0·01). Among cardiac surgical patients, anaemia was associated with stroke (OR 1·28, 1·06 to 1·55; I2 = 0 per cent; P = 0·009) but not myocardial infarction (OR 1·11, 0·68 to 1·82; I2 = 13 per cent; P = 0·67). Anaemia was associated with an increased incidence of red cell transfusion (OR 5·04, 4·12 to 6·17; I2 = 96 per cent; P &lt; 0·001). Similar findings were observed in the cardiac and non-cardiac subgroups.

Conclusion
Preoperative anaemia is associated with poor outcomes after surgery, although heterogeneity between studies was significant. It remains unclear whether anaemia is an independent risk factor for poor outcome or simply a marker of underlying chronic disease. However, red cell transfusion is much more frequent amongst anaemic patients.
QbD‐oriented development and validation of a bioanalytical method for nevirapine with enhanced liquid–liquid extraction and chromatographic separation
Authors: Beg Sarwar , Chaudhary Vandna , Sharma Gajanand , Garg Babita , Panda Sagar Suman , Singh Bhupinder 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe present studies describe the systematic quality by design (QbD)‐oriented development and validation of a simple, rapid, sensitive and cost‐effective reversed‐phase HPLC bioanalytical method for nevirapine in rat plasma. Chromatographic separation was carried out on a C18 column using isocratic 68:9:23% v/v elution of methanol, acetonitrile and water (pH 3, adjusted by orthophosphoric acid) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min using UV detection at 230 nm. A Box–Behnken design was applied for chromatographic method optimization taking mobile phase ratio, pH and flow rate as the critical method parameters (CMPs) from screening studies. Peak area, retention time, theoretical plates and peak tailing were measured as the critical analytical attributes (CAAs). Further, the bioanalytical liquid–liquid extraction process was optimized using an optimal design by selecting extraction time, centrifugation speed and temperature as the CMPs for percentage recovery of nevirapine as the CAA. The search for an optimum chromatographic solution was conducted through numerical desirability function. Validation studies performed as per the US Food and Drug Administration requirements revealed results within the acceptance limit. In a nutshell, the studies successfully demonstrate the utility of analytical QbD approach for the rational development of a bioanalytical method with enhanced chromatographic separation and recovery of nevirapine in rat plasma. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Discovery of New Classes of Compounds that Reactivate Acetylcholinesterase Inhibited by Organophosphates
Authors: Katz Francine S. , Pecic Stevan , Tran Timothy H. , Trakht Ilya , Schneider Laura , Zhu Zhengxiang , Ton‐That Long , Luzac Michal , Zlatanic Viktor , Damera Shivani , Macdonald Joanne , Landry Donald W. , Tong Liang , Stojanovic Milan N. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAcetylcholinesterase (AChE) that has been covalently inhibited by organophosphate compounds (OPCs), such as nerve agents and pesticides, has traditionally been reactivated by using nucleophilic oximes. There is, however, a clearly recognized need for new classes of compounds with the ability to reactivate inhibited AChE with improved in vivo efficacy. Here we describe our discovery of new functional groups—Mannich phenols and general bases—that are capable of reactivating OPC‐inhibited AChE more efficiently than standard oximes and we describe the cooperative mechanism by which these functionalities are delivered to the active site. These discoveries, supported by preliminary in vivo results and crystallographic data, significantly broaden the available approaches for reactivation of AChE.
Combined Experimental and Computational Studies of a Na2Ni1−xCuxFe(CN)6 Cathode with Tunable Potential for Aqueous Rechargeable Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Hung Tai‐Feng , Chou Hung‐Lung , Yeh Yu‐Wen , Chang Wen‐Sheng , Yang Chang‐Chung 
Published: September 2015

AbstractHerein, potential‐tunable Na2Ni1−xCuxFe(CN)6 nanoparticles with three‐dimensional frameworks and large interstitial spaces were synthesized as alternative cathode materials for aqueous sodium‐ion batteries by controlling the molar ratio of NiII to CuII at ambient temperature. The influence of the value of x on the crystalline structure, lattice parameters, electrochemical properties, and charge transfer of the resultant compound was explored by using powder X‐ray diffractometry, density functional theory, cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge–discharge techniques, and Bader charge analysis. Of the various formulations investigated, that with x=0.25 delivered the highest reversible capacity, superior rate capability, and outstanding cycling performance. These attributes are ascribed to its unique face‐centered cubic structure for facile sodium‐ion insertion/extraction and the strong interactions between Cu and N atoms, which promote structural stability.
β‐Amyrin Biosynthesis: The Methyl‐30 Group of (3S)‐2,3‐Oxidosqualene Is More Critical to Its Correct Folding To Generate the Pentacyclic Scaffold than the Methyl‐24 Group
Authors: Hoshino Tsutomu , Miyahara Yuri , Hanaoka Masaki , Takahashi Kazunari , Kaneko Ikki 
Published: September 2015

AbstractOxidosqualene cyclases catalyze the transformation of oxidosqualene (1) into numerous cyclic triterpenes. Enzymatic reactions of 24‐noroxidosqualene (8) and 30‐noroxidosqualene (9) with Euphorbia tirucalli β‐amyrin synthase were conducted to examine the role of the branched methyl groups of compound 1 in the β‐amyrin biosynthesis. Substrate 8 almost exclusively afforded 30‐nor‐β‐amyrin (>95.5 %), which was produced through a normal cyclization pathway, along with minor products (<4.5 %). However, a lack of the Me‐30 group (analogue 9) resulted in significantly high production of premature cyclization products, including 6/6/6/5‐fused tetracyclic and 6/6/6/6/5‐fused pentacyclic skeletons (64.6 %). In addition, the fully cyclized product (35.4 %) having the 6/6/6/6/6‐fused pentacycle was produced; however, the normally cyclized product, 29‐nor‐β‐amyrin was present in only 18.6 % of these products. The conversion yield of substrate 8 possessing a Z‐Me group at the terminus was approximately twofold greater than that of compound 9 with an E‐Me group. Thus, the Me‐30 group is essential for the correct folding of a chair–chair–chair–boat–boat conformation of compound 1 for the production of the β‐amyrin scaffold, whereas the Me‐24 group exerts little influence on the normal polycyclization cascade. Here, we show that the Me‐30 group plays critical roles in constructing the ordered architecture of a chair–chair–chair–boat–boat structure, in facilitating the ring‐expansion reactions, and in performing the final deprotonation reaction at the correct position.
Development of Potent Adenosine Monophosphate Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) Activators
Authors: Dokla Eman M. E. , Fang Chun‐Sheng , Lai Po‐Ting , Kulp Samuel K. , Serya Rabah A. T. , Ismail Nasser S. M. , Abouzid Khaled A. M. , Chen Ching‐Shih 
Published: September 2015

AbstractPreviously, we reported the identification of a thiazolidinedione‐based adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator, compound 1 (N‐[4‐({3‐[(1‐methylcyclohexyl)methyl]‐2,4‐dioxothiazolidin‐5‐ylidene}methyl)phenyl]‐4‐nitro‐3‐(trifluoromethyl)benzenesulfonamide), which provided a proof of concept to delineate the intricate role of AMPK in regulating oncogenic signaling pathways associated with cell proliferation and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cancer cells. In this study, we used 1 as a scaffold to conduct lead optimization, which generated a series of derivatives. Analysis of the antiproliferative and AMPK‐activating activities of individual derivatives revealed a distinct structure–activity relationship and identified 59 (N‐(3‐nitrophenyl)‐N′‐{4‐[(3‐{[3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methyl}‐2,4‐dioxothiazolidin‐5‐ylidene)methyl]phenyl}urea) as the optimal agent. Relative to 1, compound 59 exhibits multifold higher potency in upregulating AMPK phosphorylation in various cell lines irrespective of their liver kinase B1 (LKB1) functional status, accompanied by parallel changes in the phosphorylation/expression levels of p70S6K, Akt, Foxo3a, and EMT‐associated markers. Consistent with its predicted activity against tumors with activated Akt status, orally administered 59 was efficacious in suppressing the growth of phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN)‐null PC‐3 xenograft tumors in nude mice. Together, these findings suggest that 59 has clinical value in therapeutic strategies for PTEN‐negative cancer and warrants continued investigation in this regard.
Noncovalent Molecular Doping of Two‐Dimensional Materials
Authors: Cai Bo , Zhang Shengli , Yan Zhong , Zeng Haibo 
Published: September 2015

AbstractTwo‐dimensional materials have become one of the hottest topics in physics, chemistry, and materials science during the past decade owing to their outstanding physical and chemical properties. To further expand their potential applications, more research efforts are needed to improve their performance and overcome their weaknesses. This review focus on the mechanisms, effects, influencing factors, and characterization of noncovalent molecular doping of two‐dimensional materials.
Theoretical Explanation for How SO3H‐Functionalized Ionic Liquids Promote the Conversion of Cellulose to Glucose
Authors: Li Jingjing , Li Jinghua , Zhang Dongju , Liu Chengbu 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWhile the catalytic transformation of cellulose to glucose by functionalized ionic liquids (ILs) has been achieved successfully under mild conditions, insight into the fundamental molecular mechanism is still lacking. The present work presents the first attempt to address the fundamental reaction chemistry of the catalytic transformation. An enzyme‐like catalytic mechanism of ILs, in which glycosidic bond hydrolysis proceeds through a retaining mechanism and/or an inverting mechanism, is proposed. DFT calculations show that both mechanisms involve moderate barriers (<30 kcal mol−1), which is consistent with the catalytic performance of the ILs under mild conditions (<100 °C). The “biomimetic” mechanism model proposed herein is expected to be viable for understanding the unique catalytic activity of ILs under mild conditions.
One‐Pot 2‐Methyltetrahydrofuran Production from Levulinic Acid in Green Solvents Using Ni‐Cu/Al2O3 Catalysts
Authors: Obregón Iker , Gandarias Iñaki , Miletić Nemanja , Ocio Ainhoa , Arias Pedro L. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe one‐pot hydrogenation of levulinic acid to 2‐methyltetrahydrofuran (MTHF) was performed using a series of Ni‐Cu/Al2O3 catalysts in green solvents, such as water and biomass‐derived alcohols. Ni/Al2O3 provided the highest activity, whereas Cu/Al2O3 was the most selective, reaching a 75 % MTHF yield at 250 °C after 24 h reaction time. Synergetic effects were observed when bimetallic Ni‐Cu/Al2O3 catalysts were used, reaching a 56 % MTHF yield in 5 h at 250 °C for the optimum Ni/Cu ratio. Remarkably, these high yields were obtained using non‐noble metal‐based catalysts and 2‐propanol as the solvent. The catalytic activity and selectivity results are correlated to temperature programmed reduction (TPR), XRD, and STEM characterization data, identifying the role associated with mixed Ni–Cu particles in addition to monometallic Cu and Ni.
Improved detection of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma by flow cytometric immunophenotyping—Effect of tissue disaggregation method
Authors: Vallangeon Bethany D. , Tyer Christy , Williams Beverly , Lagoo Anand S. 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundFlow cytometric immunophenotyping (FCI) is recognized as a rapid, sensitive, and accurate method for diagnosis of B‐cell lymphomas. We observed that FCI failed to identify the clonal B‐cell population in several cases of large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) when tissue samples were prepared by a commercially available mechanical tissue disaggregation method. We tested a manual tissue disaggregation method and compared it with the mechanical method.MethodsFCI findings from 51 cases of DLBCL processed with the mechanical tissue disaggregation method, 27 cases processed using the manual method, and 15 cases processed using a combination of both methods were compared. The histological and immunohistochemical findings in each case were reviewed.ResultsFCI detected a clonal B‐cell population in 88.9% of cases processed by the manual tissue disaggregation method, 66.7% of cases processed by a combination of the manual and mechanical disaggregation methods, and in 62.7% of cases processed solely by the mechanical tissue disaggregation method (P < 0.01 Fisher exact). Manual processing yielded positive FCI results in 81.8% of the nodal tissue samples and 93.8% of the extra‐nodal tissue samples, whereas mechanical disaggregation was particularly inefficient in preserving large lymphoma cells from extra‐nodal tissue: 71.4% of the nodal and 56.8% of the extra‐nodal tissue samples processed by the mechanical method showed clonal B‐cells by flow cytometry (P < 0.006, Fisher exact).ConclusionsThe diagnostic yield of FCI in DLBCL can be significantly improved by utilizing a manual disaggregation method, particularly in extra‐nodal tissue samples. © 2015 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Fosinopril Prevents the Development of Tactile Allodynia in a Streptozotocin‐Induced Diabetic Rat Model
Authors: Araiza‐Saldaña Claudia Ivonne , Pedraza‐Priego Erick Fabián , Torres‐López Jorge Elías , Rocha‐González Héctor Isaac , Castañeda‐Corral Gabriela , Hong‐Chong Enrique , Granados‐Soto Vinicio 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT

Preclinical Research

The aim of this study was to evaluate fosinopril‐induced changes in hemodynamic parameters and tactile allodynia in a rat model of diabetes. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (STZ; 50 mg/kg, i.p.) in male Wistar rats. STZ produced hyperglycemia, weight loss, polydipsia, polyphagia, and polyuria as well as long‐term arterial hypotension, bradycardia, and tactile allodynia at 10–12 weeks. Daily administration of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, fosinopril (25 mg/kg, p.o., for 11 weeks) partially reduced the loss of body weight, decreased hyperglycemia, and systolic blood pressure in diabetic rats. Likewise, systemic administration of fosinopril prevented the development and maintenance of tactile allodynia in STZ‐induced diabetic rats. These data suggest that fosinopril may have a role in the pharmacotherapy of diabetic neuropathic pain. Drug Dev Res 76 : 442–449, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Family of IrIII Complexes with High Nonlinear Optical Response and Their Potential Use in Light‐Emitting Devices
Authors: González Iván , Cortés‐Arriagada Diego , Dreyse Paulina , Sanhueza‐Vega Luis , Ledoux‐Rak Isabelle , Andrade Daniel , Brito Iván , Toro‐Labbé Alejandro , Soto‐Arriaza Marco , Caramori Stefano , Loeb Bárbara 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWe synthesized a new family of IrIII complexes [Ir(R1‐ppy)2(R2‐ppl)](PF6), where R1‐ppy = 2‐phenylpyridine (ppy) or 2,4‐difluorophenylpyridine (F2‐ppy) and R2‐ppl = pyrazino[2,3‐f][1,10]phenanthroline (ppl) or 2,3‐diethoxycarbonylpyrazino [2,3‐f][1,10]phenanthroline (deeppl). The complexes were experimentally and theoretically characterized, noting the importance of the R1 substituent on the modulation of HOMO level and its impact on the electronic properties. These compounds exhibit high second‐order nonlinear optics (NLO) activity, especially, those with F2‐ppy ligands; this substituent modulates the charge transfer, optimizing the NLO response. The compounds also show blueshifted emissions, both in solution and as a solid film, which is desirable for use in light‐emitting devices. This is the first use of the synthesized complexes for application in the two tasks.