bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The stable carbon isotopic composition of Daphnia ephippia in small, temperate lakes reflects in‐lake methane availability
Authors: Schilder Jos , Bastviken David , van Hardenbroek Maarten , Leuenberger Markus , Rinta Päivi , Stötter Tabea , Heiri Oliver 
Published: March 2015

AbstractDaphnia can ingest methane‐oxidizing bacteria and incorporate methanogenic carbon into their biomass, leading to low stable carbon isotope ratios (expressed as δ13C values) of their tissue. Therefore, δ13C analysis of Daphnia resting eggs (ephippia) in lake sediment records can potentially be used to reconstruct past in‐lake availability of methane (CH4). However, detailed multilake studies demonstrating that δ13C values of recently deposited Daphnia ephippia (δ13Cephippia) are systematically related to in‐lake CH4 concentrations ([CH4]aq) are still missing. We measured δ13Cephippia from surface sediments of 15 small lakes in Europe, and compared these values with late‐summer [CH4]aq. δ13Cephippia ranged from −51.6‰ to −25.9‰, and was strongly correlated with [CH4]aq in the surface water and above the sediment (r −0.73 and −0.77, respectively), whereas a negative rather than the expected positive correlation was found with δ13C values of carbon dioxide (CO2) (r −0.54), and no correlation was observed with [CO2]aq. At eight sites, offsets between δ13
and δ13Cephippia exceeded offsets between δ13
and δ13Calgae reported in literature. δ13Cephippia was positively correlated with δ13C values of sedimentary organic matter (r 0.54), but up to 20.7‰ lower in all except one of the lakes (average −6.1‰). We conclude that incorporation of methanogenic carbon prior to ephippia formation must have been widespread by Daphnia in our study lakes, especially those with high [CH4]aq. Our results suggest a systematic relationship between δ13Cephippia values and [CH4]aq in small temperate lakes, and that δ13Cephippia analysis on sediment records may provide insights into past changes in in‐lake [CH4]aq.
A new procedure for the lithic fraction characterization in marine sediments from high productivity areas: Optimization of analytical and statistical procedures
Authors: Povea Patricia , Cacho Isabel , Moreno Ana , Menéndez Melisa , Méndez Fernando J. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe lithogenic fraction in marine sediments can be a key proxy to reconstruct past changes in atmospheric circulation, river runoff among other sedimentary processes. But, accurate isolation of the lithic component within biogenic‐rich sediments can be particularly challenging in areas of high marine productivity. We present an experiment to isolate and characterize this lithogenic fraction that ensures the full elimination of biogenic and authigenic components. This experiment demonstrates that standard procedures used in most of the studies of terrigenous fraction in marine sediments, are inadequate to remove efficiently most of the biogenic components in sediments from high productivity regions such as the Eastern Equatorial Pacific. The experiment reviews each of the procedure steps designed for the removal of organic matter, carbonate, Fe‐Mn oxides, and biogenic silica. The most critical steps were the removal of organic matter incorporated in fecal pellets, and the elimination of the biogenic silica. The continuous monitoring of the grain‐size distribution of the samples along the experiment steps allows evaluating the impact that an inadequate procedure can induce on the grain size. Finally, lithic grain‐size distributions were characterized using k‐means statistical technique providing objective information for climate interpretation. The proposed approach ensures the quality of the results and allows magnifying the information provided by the lithic fraction in marine sediments.
Composites based on titanium alloy Ti–6Al–4V with an addition of inert ceramics and bioactive ceramics for medical applications fabricated by spark plasma sintering (SPS method)
Authors: Dudek A. , Klimas M. 
Published: March 2015

The focus of the investigations presented in this paper is placed on metallic‐ceramic composites based on a titanium alloy matrix (Ti–6Al–4V) with a 20 wt% and 40 wt% addition of aluminium oxide (Al2O3), hydroxyapatite ceramics (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) or YSZ (zirconia stabilized with 8 wt% yttria Y2O3) obtained using the spark plasma sintering method. The specimens were compressed at 35 MPa and sintered in a shielding gas (argon) medium at the temperature of 1000 °C in an SPS HP 5 for 25 min. The obtained composites were subjected to microstructural analysis using light microscope and X‐ray quality analysis using a D8 DISCOVER Bruker diffractometer. Hydrostatic weighing in deionized water according to the PN EN ISO 2738: 2001 standard was also used to evaluate the density, porosity and water absorption capacity. The topology of the surface of the metallic‐ceramic composites was determined using a Hommel T1000 profilometer. The mechanical properties (microhardness) were measured using a hardness tester with Brinell indenter HBW 2.5/187.5. The resistance to wear was evaluated by means of a ball wear testing stand. Weability of the obtained biomaterials was evaluated by measurement of the contact angle Θ.
Parkinsonism following neuroleptic exposure: A double‐hit hypothesis?
Authors: Erro Roberto , Bhatia Kailash P. , Tinazzi Michele 
Published: March 2015

AbstractDrug‐induced parkinsonism is caused by an offending drug and should resolve after the causative agent has been withdrawn. However, in a number of patients, symptoms persist or may even worsen over time, suggesting the development of concomitant Parkinson's disease. The prevalence estimates of Parkinson's disease after neuroleptic exposure are unexpectedly high, suggesting a causal relationship. We critically review available literature in this regard, and some pathophysiological hypotheses that might explain such a relationship are suggested. Some patients may have an undetermined genetic susceptibility to parkinsonism. We speculate that the possible neurotoxic effect of neuroleptics exerted on a susceptible dopaminergic system would lead over the long‐term to a self‐fostering, progressive process. Knowledge gaps and future perspectives are discussed. © 2015 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Sarcoid polyneuropathy masquerading as chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
Authors: Singhal Neel S. , Irodenko Viktoriya S. , Margeta Marta , Layzer Robert B. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTIntroductionSarcoid polyneuropathy is a rare and clinically heterogeneous disorder that may be the initial presentation of sarcoidosis.MethodsWe report the clinical, electrophysiological, and pathological findings of a patient who carried a diagnosis of sensory‐predominant chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) for over a decade but was ultimately found to have sarcoid polyneuropathy.ResultsA 36‐year‐old man presented with a several‐week history of gait difficulty and muscle cramps. He had a diagnosis of CIDP but had not received lasting benefit from steroid‐sparing immunosuppressive drugs. Electrodiagnostic studies were consistent with a chronic demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy with conduction blocks. After he developed systemic symptoms, tissue biopsies revealed granulomatous disease. Symptoms improved with steroid therapy.ConclusionsSarcoid polyneuropathy presents a diagnostic challenge, but, in patients with atypical neuropathy, characteristic systemic symptoms, or a poor response to standard treatment, nerve and muscle biopsies can help diagnose this treatable disorder. Muscle Nerve 52: 664–668, 2015
Spinal neuronal cannabinoid receptors mediate urodynamic effects of systemic fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibition in rats
Authors: Füllhase Claudius , Schreiber Andrea , Giese Armin , Schmidt Michael , Montorsi Francesco , Gratzke Christian , La Croce Giovanni , Castiglione Fabio , Stief Christian , Hedlund Petter 
Published: March 2015

AimsTo test if urodynamic effects from systemic Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase (FAAH) inhibition involve sacral spinal cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) or type 2 (CB2) receptors.MethodsMale rats with or without partial urethral obstruction were used for cystometry or immunohistochemistry. Urodynamic effects of intravenous (IV) 0.3 mg/kg Oleoyl Ethyl Amide (OEtA; FAAH inhibitor), and intrathecal (IT) 5 μg rimonabant (CB1 antagonist) or 5 μg SR144528 (CB2 antagonist) were studied in awake rats.ResultsAfter administration of rimonabant or SR144528, non‐obstructed rats with normal bladder function developed bladder overactivity (BO), which was counteracted by OEtA. OEtA also counteracted BO in obstructed rats. SR144528 did not affect bladder function in obstructed rats but counteracted the urodynamic effects of OEtA. Surprisingly, rimonabant (and AM251, another CB1 antagonist) reduced BO in obstructed rats, whereafter OEtA produced no additional urodynamic effects. CB1 expression increased in the sacral spinal cord of obstructed rats whereas no changes were observed for CB2 or FAAH.ConclusionsUrodynamic effects of systemic FAAH inhibition involve activities at spinal neuronal CB1 and CB2 receptors in normal and obstructed rats. Endogenous spinal CB receptor ligands seem to regulate normal micturition and BO. Altered spinal CB receptor functions may be involved in the pathogenesis of obstruction‐induced BO. Neurourol. Urodynam. 35:464–470, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Carcinogenic HPV infection in the cervical squamo‐columnar junction
Authors: Mirkovic Jelena , Howitt Brooke E , Roncarati Patrick , Demoulin Stephanie , Suarez‐Carmona Meggy , Hubert Pascale , McKeon Frank D , Xian Wa , Li Anita , Delvenne Philippe , Crum Christopher P , Herfs Michael 
Published: March 2015

AbstractRecent studies have suggested the involvement of a unique population of cells at the cervical squamo‐columnar junction (SCJ) in the pathogenesis of early (squamous intraepithelial lesion or SIL) and advanced (squamous cell and adeno‐carcinomas) cervical neoplasia. However, there is little evidence to date showing that SCJ cells harbour carcinogenic HPV or are instrumental in the initial phases of neoplasia. This study was designed to (1) determine if normal‐appearing SCJ cells contained evidence of carcinogenic HPV infection and (2) trace their transition to early SIL. Sections of cervix from high‐risk reproductive age women were selected and SCJ cells were analysed by using several techniques which increasingly implicated HPV infection: HPV DNA (genotyping and in situ hybridization)/RNA (PCR), immunostaining for HPV16 E2 (an early marker of HPV infection), p16ink4, Ki67, and HPV L1 protein. In 22 cases with a history of SIL and no evidence of preneoplastic lesion in the excision specimen, HPV DNA was isolated from eight of ten with visible SCJ cells, six of which were HPV16/18 DNA‐positive. In five of these latter cases, the SCJ cells were positive for p16ink4 and/or HPV E2. Transcriptionally active HPV infection (E6/E7 mRNAs) was also detected in microdissected SCJ cells. Early squamous atypia associated with the SCJ cells demonstrated in addition diffuse p16ink4 immunoreactivity, elevated proliferative index, and rare L1 antigen positivity. We present for the first time direct evidence that normal‐appearing SCJ cells can be infected by carcinogenic HPV. They initially express HPV E2 and their progression to SIL is heralded by an expanding metaplastic progeny with increased proliferation and p16ink4 expression. Whether certain SCJs are more vulnerable than others to carcinogenic HPV genotypes and what variables determine transition to high‐grade SIL remain unresolved, but the common event appears to be a vulnerable cell at the SCJ. Copyright © 2015 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanical stretch‐induced endoplasmic reticulum stress, apoptosis and inflammation contribute to thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection
Authors: Jia Li‐Xin , Zhang Wen‐Mei , Zhang Hong‐Jia , Li Tao‐Tao , Wang Yue‐Li , Qin Yan‐Wen , Gu Hong , Du Jie 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThoracic aortic aneurysm/dissection (TAAD) is characterized by excessive smooth muscle cell (SMC) loss, extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation and inflammation. In response to certain stimuli, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is activated and regulates apoptosis and inflammation. Excessive apoptosis promotes aortic inflammation and degeneration, leading to TAAD. Therefore, we studied the role of ER stress in TAAD formation. A lysyl oxidase inhibitor, 3‐aminopropionitrile fumarate (BAPN), was administrated to induce TAAD formation in mice, which showed significant SMC loss (α‐SMA level). Excessive apoptosis (TUNEL staining) and ER stress (ATF4 and CHOP), along with inflammation, were present in TAAD samples from both mouse and human. Transcriptional profiling of SMCs after mechanical stress demonstrated the expression of genes for ER stress and inflammation. To explore the causal role of ER stress in initiating degenerative signalling events and TAAD, we treated wild‐type (CHOP+/+) or CHOP−/− mice with BAPN and found that CHOP deficiency protected against TAAD formation and rupture, as well as reduction in α‐SMA level. Both SMC apoptosis and inflammation were significantly reduced in CHOP−/− mice. Moreover, SMCs isolated from CHOP−/− mice were resistant to mechanical stress‐induced apoptosis. Taken together, our results demonstrated that mechanical stress‐induced ER stress promotes SMCs apoptosis, inflammation and degeneration, providing insight into TAAD formation and progression. © 2015 Authors. Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Optimism and depression: a new look at social support as a mediator among women at risk for breast cancer
Authors: Garner Melissa J. , McGregor Bonnie A. , Murphy Karly M. , Koenig Alex L. , Dolan Emily D. , Albano Denise 
Published: March 2015

AbstractObjectiveBreast cancer risk is a chronic stressor associated with depression. Optimism is associated with lower levels of depression among breast cancer survivors. However, to our knowledge, no studies have explored the relationship between optimism and depression among women at risk for breast cancer. We hypothesized that women at risk for breast cancer who have higher levels of optimism would report lower levels of depression and that social support would mediate this relationship.MethodParticipants (N = 199) with elevated distress were recruited from the community and completed self‐report measures of depression, optimism, and social support. Participants were grouped based on their family history of breast cancer. Path analysis was used to examine the cross‐sectional relationship between optimism, social support, and depressive symptoms in each group.ResultsResults indicated that the variance in depressive symptoms was partially explained through direct paths from optimism and social support among women with a family history of breast cancer. The indirect path from optimism to depressive symptoms via social support was significant (β = −.053; 90% CI = −.099 to −.011, p = .037) in this group. However, among individuals without a family history of breast cancer, the indirect path from optimism to depressive symptoms via social support was not significant.ConclusionsThese results suggest that social support partially mediates the relationship between optimism and depression among women at risk for breast cancer. Social support may be an important intervention target to reduce depression among women at risk for breast cancer. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficiency of UVA LEDs grown by HVPE in relation with the active region thickness
Authors: Kurin Sergey , Antipov Andrey , Barash Iosif , Roenkov Alexander , Usikov Alexander , Helava Heikki , Makarov Yuri , Solomonov Alexander , Tarasov Sergey , Evseenkov Anton , Lamkin Ivan 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe report on results of the performance study of UVA LEDs depending on the thickness of the active region. UVA LEDs are based on GaN/AlGaN heterostructures grown on Al2O3 (0001) substrates by hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE). It is shown that the use of thick (̴ 100 nm) single layer as the active region of UVA LED is a promising concept to achieve enhanced efficiency. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Tissue‐specific reactions to positional discontinuities in the regenerating axolotl limb
Authors: Maden Malcolm , Avila Daima , Roy Molly , Seifert Ashley W. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe investigated cellular contributions to intercalary regenerates and 180o supernumerary limbs during axolotl limb regeneration using the cell autonomous green fluorescent protein marker and exchanged blastemas between white and green fluorescent protein animals. After distal blastemas were grafted to proximal levels tissues of the intercalary regenerate behaved independently with regard to the law of distal transformation; graft epidermis was replaced by stump epidermis, muscle‐derived cells, blood vessels, and Schwann cells of the distal blastema moved proximally to the stylopodium and cartilage and dermal cells conformed to the law. After 180o rotation, blastemas showed contributions from stump tissues which failed to alter patterning of the blastema. Supernumerary limbs were composed of stump and graft tissues and extensive contributions of stump tissues generated inversions or duplications of polarity to produce limbs of mixed handedness. Tail skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle broke the law with cells derived from these tissues exhibiting an apparent anteroposterior polarity as they migrated to the anterior side of the blastema. We attribute this behavior to the possible presence of a chemotactic factor from the wound epidermis.
Networked gain‐scheduled fault diagnosis under control input dropouts without data delivery acknowledgment
Authors: Dolz Daniel , Peñarrocha Ignacio , Sanchis Roberto 
Published: March 2015

SummaryThis paper investigates the fault diagnosis problem for discrete‐time networked control systems under dropouts in both control and measurement channel with no delivery acknowledgment. We propose to use a proportional integral observer‐based fault diagnoser collocated with the controller. The observer estimates the faults and computes a residual signal whose comparison with a threshold alarms the fault appearance. We employ the expected value of the arriving control input for the open‐loop estimation and the measurement reception scenario for the correction with a jump observer. The jumping gains are scheduled in real time with rational functions depending on a statistic of the difference between the control command being applied in the plant and the one being used in the observer. We design the observer, the residual, and the threshold to maximize the sensitivity under faults while guaranteeing some minimum detectable faults under a predefined false alarm rate. Exploiting sum‐of‐squares decomposition techniques, the design procedure becomes an optimization problem over polynomials. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
There Is Something in the Air: Testing the Efficacy of a new Olfactory Stress Relief Method (AromaStick®)
Authors: Schneider Rainer 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIn recent years, aromatherapy has become increasingly popular for clinical treatment and therapeutic management of both acute and chronic stress. It targets distinct and unique neurobiological characteristics of the olfactory system, which is tightly linked to emotions and information processing as well as the autonomous nervous system. Yet, depending on the mode of application, aromatherapeutic interventions show varying degrees of therapeutic effectiveness. In a series of five experiments, the effects of a new mode of aromatherapeutic application (inhaler) was investigated, which is specifically designed to directly stimulate the olfactory system and to reduce the activity of the sympathetic nervous system. Overall, the application of the inhaler showed consistent and large psychological and physiological effects. It also clearly outperformed other stress management techniques, like progressive muscle relaxation, Bach flowers or passive resting periods (natural control). The effects occurred shortly after very few inhalations, drastically reduced stress related biomarkers (i.e. blood pressure, heart rate and cortisol) and considerably enhanced well‐being. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CHD2 is Required for Embryonic Neurogenesis in the Developing Cerebral Cortex
Authors: Shen Tianjin , Ji Fen , Yuan Zengqiang , Jiao Jianwei 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 2 (CHD2) has been associated with a broad spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorders and intellectual disability. However, it is largely unknown whether and how CHD2 is involved in brain development. Here, we demonstrate that CHD2 is predominantly expressed in Pax6+ radial glial cells (RGs) but rarely expressed in Tbr2+ intermediate progenitors (IPs). Importantly, the suppression of CHD2 expression inhibits the self-renewal of RGs and increases the generation of IPs and the production of neurons. CHD2 mediates these functions by directly binding to the genomic region of repressor element 1-silencing transcription factor (REST), thereby regulating the expression of REST. Furthermore, the overexpression of REST rescues the defect in neurogenesis caused by CHD2 knockdown. Taken together, these findings demonstrate an essential role of CHD2 in the maintenance of the RGs self-renewal levels, the subsequent generation of IPs, and neuronal output during neurogenesis in cerebral cortical development, suggesting that inactivation of CHD2 during neurogenesis might contribute to abnormal neurodevelopment. Stem Cells 2015;33:1794–1806
Synthesis, Crystal and Electronic Structure, and Optical Property of the Quaternary Selenide: La3Sb0.33SiSe7
Authors: Zhao Hua‐Jun 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe quaternary selenide, La3Sb0.33SiSe7, was prepared from stoichiometric mixtures of elements by solid‐state reactions at 1223 K in an evacuated silica tube. La3Sb0.33SiSe7 crystallizes in the chiral P63 space group and belongs to the Ce3Al1.67S7 structure type. Its structure features one‐dimensional chains of face‐sharing SbSe6 octahedra running parallel to the c direction surrounded by the discrete SiSe4 tetrahedra and La cations. UV/Vis/NIR diffuse reflectance spectroscopy study shows its optical gap of around 1.75 eV. DFT study indicates an indirect bandgap with an electronic transfer excitation from Se 4p to La 5d orbital electrons.