bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The geography of intergenerational mobility in Norway: Labor market diversity, career opportunities, and gender
Authors: Turner Lena Magnusson , Wessel Terje 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe investigate intergenerational income mobility across labor market regions in Norway, looking at gender differences in response to industrial diversity. Our identification strategy exploits variation in the timing of regional migration, measured over the age spans 6−19 and 13−19 years. We make extensive use of fixed effects so that each region only affects adult outcomes, measured as income rank, through differences in exposure time. Our results reveal significantly larger exposure effects among daughters than among sons. The difference is particularly large when we contrast sons to fathers and daughters to mothers, but it is also apparent when we place sons and daughters, respectively, fathers and mothers, in the same distribution. We further find that industrial diversity, and thus the range of job opportunities, matters most during the teenage years. The patterns are, to some extent, detectible on maps, for example, with better mobility opportunities for men in coastal regions based on maritime and/or marine specialization. We conclude with assessments, a recommendation for regional policy, and some international considerations.
Evaluation of gastroschisis feeding protocol: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Jyoti Jeewan , James‐Nunez Kristen , Spence Kaye , Parkinson Brownyn , Thomas Gordon , Trivedi Amit 
Published: August 2024

AimThe primary objective of this study is to determine the impact of a standardised feeding protocol for infants with gastroschisis on early enteral feeds, suck feeds, management of gastric residuals and breastfeeding at discharge. Secondary objectives were evaluation of growth, length of stay in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), the duration of total parental nutrition (TPN), blood‐culture confirmed sepsis and serum bilirubin level (SBR).MethodsThis single‐centre retrospective quality improvement project included infants admitted to a quaternary care NICU for management of gastroschisis from 2010 to 2021. The Gastroschisis feeding protocol, a standardised pathway for managing the feeding of infants with gastroschisis, was implemented in this NICU in 2016. The outcomes of infants in the pre‐feeding protocol and post‐feeding protocol groups were compared.ResultsOf the 100 infants included in the study, 49 were in the post‐feeding protocol group. The baseline characteristics of the study population did not differ statistically in both groups. In post‐feeding protocol group, there was significant reduction in the time to the first enteral feed (P value <0.0001) and first suck feed (P value = 0.002). The median length of stay in the post‐feeding protocol group was significantly lower by 11 days (P value = 0.001). Duration of TPN was 241 h higher in the pre‐feeding protocol group (P value 0.0007).ConclusionsImplementation of a feeding protocol in infants with gastroschisis led to earlier initiation of enteral feeds and suck feeds. There is a likelihood of reduction in the use of TPN and duration of admission in NICU.
Lodge‐building in rodents: relationships with ecological and natural history factors
Authors: Qiu J. , Schradin C. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMouse‐like rodents often take cover in natural shelters or burrow underground where they build simple nests. A few species build extensive shelters above ground, called lodges, mounds or houses. Here, we present the first phylogenetically controlled comparative study on the ecological factors of habitat heterogeneity, environmental aridity and fire risk related to nesting habits in mouse‐like rodents (Myomorpha, 326 genera). Twenty species from seven genera were found to build lodges, and they mainly occur in arid environments with low fire risk. Most lodge‐building species (14 out of 20) belong to the pack rats (genus Neotoma), which in phylogeny only represent one event of evolution of lodge building and therefore limit the statistical power of the phylogenetically controlled analysis. The Bayesian phylogenetic mixed‐effects models show a phylogenetic signal of 0.43 for 515 Myomorpha species. Under this moderate to strong phylogenetic relatedness, we did not find specific factors being associated to the evolution of sheltering habit in Myomorpha. We suggest studying the importance of aridity combined with low fire risk for lodge building on the species level, for example, by studying the limits of species distribution ranges depending on these factors.
What is the benefit of prophylaxis to prevent HBV reactivation in HBsAg‐negative anti‐HBc‐positive patients? Meta‐analysis and decision curve analysis
Authors: Celsa Ciro , Rizzo Giacomo E. M. , Di Maria Gabriele , Enea Marco , Vaccaro Marco , Rancatore Gabriele , Graceffa Pietro , Falco Giuseppe , Petta Salvatore , Cabibbo Giuseppe , Calvaruso Vincenza , Craxì Antonio , Cammà Calogero , Di Marco Vito 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsPatients with overt or occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection receiving immunosuppressive treatments have a wide risk of HBV reactivation (HBVr). We performed meta‐analysis with decision curve analyses (DCA) to estimate the risk of HBVr in HBsAg‐negative anti‐HBc‐positive patients naïve to nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs) receiving immunosuppressive treatments.Approach and ResultsStudies were identified through literature search until October 2022. Pooled estimates were obtained using random‐effects model. Subgroup analyses were performed according to underlying disease and immunosuppressive treatments. DCA was used to identify the threshold probability associated with the net benefit of antiviral prophylaxis in HBsAg‐negative anti‐HBc‐positive patients. We selected 68 studies (40 retrospective and 28 prospective), including 8034 patients with HBsAg negative anti‐HBc positive. HBVr was 4% (95% CI 3%–6%) in HBsAg‐negative anti‐HBc‐positive patients, with a significantly high heterogeneity (I2 69%; p < .01). The number‐needed‐to‐treat (NNT) by DCA ranged from 8 to 24 for chemotherapy plus rituximab, from 12 to 24 for targeted therapies in cancer patients and from 13 to 39 for immune‐mediated diseases. Net benefit was small for monoclonal antibodies.ConclusionsOur DCA in HBsAg‐negative anti‐HBc‐positive patients provided evidence that NA prophylaxis is strongly recommended in patients treated with chemotherapy combined with rituximab and could be appropriate in patients with cancer treated with targeted therapies and in patients with immune‐mediated diseases. Finally, in patients with cancer treated with monoclonal antibodies or with chemotherapy without rituximab, the net benefit is even lower.
The past, the recent, and the ongoing evolutionary processes of the worldwide invasive ascidian Styela plicata
Authors: Galià‐Camps Carles , Enguídanos Alba , Turon Xavier , Pascual Marta , Carreras Carlos 
Published: August 2024

AbstractInvasive species are one of the main threats to global biodiversity and, within marine ecosystems, tunicates feature some prominent examples. Styela plicata is an ascidian species inhabiting harbours in all temperate oceans and seas, thus being considered a thriving invasive species. However, this species' adaptive mechanisms, introduction history, and population structure have never been completely elucidated. Here, by genotyping 87 S. plicata individuals from 18 localities worldwide with 2b‐RADseq, we confirm the global presence of four chromosome inversions, demonstrate population structuring on this species, detect local adaptation signals, and infer historical demographic events. We show that North Carolina individuals constitute an unrelated population, Atlanto‐Mediterranean and Pacific localities form their own genetic clusters with substructuring, being the most evident the split between northern and southern Atlantic localities. The locality of South Carolina presents an intermediate genetic position between North Carolina and the other two groups pointing to a hybrid origin with recurrent gene flow. We generate and test demographic models, providing evidence of two independent introduction events to the Atlantic and Pacific, and an admixture that originated the population of South Carolina. Finally, we identify candidate loci for adaptation, with functions involved with cell processes, metabolism, development, and ion transport, among others. Overall, this study highlights the complex historical processes of S. plicata, which have led this species to its current distribution, population structure, and local adaptation footprint in oceans worldwide.
Gelada genomes highlight events of gene flow, hybridisation and local adaptation that track past climatic changes
Authors: Caldon Matteo , Mutti Giacomo , Mondanaro Alessandro , Imai Hiroo , Shotake Takayoshi , Oteo Garcia Gonzalo , Belay Gurja , Morata Jordi , Trotta Jean‐Rémi , Montinaro Francesco , Gippoliti Spartaco , Capelli Cristian 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTheropithecus gelada, the last surviving species of this genus, occupy a unique and highly specialised ecological niche in the Ethiopian highlands. A subdivision into three geographically defined populations (Northern, Central and Southern) has been tentatively proposed for this species on the basis of genetic analyses, but genomic data have been investigated only for two of these groups (Northern and Central). Here we combined newly generated whole genome sequences of individuals sampled from the population living south of the East Africa Great Rift Valley with available data from the other two gelada populations to reconstruct the evolutionary history of the species. Integrating genomic and paleoclimatic data we found that gene‐flow across populations and with Papio species tracked past climate changes. The isolation and climatic conditions experienced by Southern geladas during the Holocene shaped local diversity and generated diet‐related genomic signatures.
Family caregivers and the ethical relevance of moral identity
Authors: Kropf Mario , Schmidhuber Martina 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMany people want to spend the last stages of their lives at home, in familiar surroundings, and possibly with people they know. However, this increasing desire on the part of older, ill, or even dying people also makes support from other people unavoidable, which in many cases involves family members, loved ones, or even friends. These family caregivers care for the person concerned, even though they lack the professional skills of nursing staff, for example, and have usually not been prepared for this task. This article focuses on the ethical significance of the moral identity of family caregivers. While the effects of this care constellation on the caregivers have often been discussed in the scientific literature, ethical considerations regarding moral identity have so far been neglected. In the first step, the question of what is actually meant by the term moral identity is examined. The second step shifts attention to those people who have taken on the care of a loved one. The relevance of this previously discussed identity is emphasized by using study results and work in this context, and placed in relation to family caregivers. The third step shows that (1) moral identity must be understood as a necessary prerequisite for adequate and humane care, (2) this identity can be enhanced through the caregiving relationship, and (3) the activities undertaken by family caregivers reveal their moral identity. These considerations are finally summarized, provided with ethical aspects, and awareness of this important work of family caregivers is raised.
Impact of low‐dose UV‐A in Caenorhabditis elegans during candidate bacterial infections
Authors: Muthubharathi Balasubramanian Chellammal , Subalakshmi Pandiarajan Kaarmegam , Mounish Bynedi Sheshatri Chinna , Rao Toleti Subba , Balamurugan Krishnaswamy 
Published: August 2024

AbstractUltraviolet radiation is a non‐ionizing radiation produced by longer wavelength energy sources with lower frequency and is categorized into UV‐A, UV‐B, and UV‐C. Minimal exposure to this radiation has several health benefits, which include treating microbial contaminations and skin therapies. However, the antimicrobial action of low‐dose UV‐A during pathogenic bacterial infections is still unrevealed. In this study, the impact of low‐dose UV‐A as pre‐ or post‐treatment using the model organism, Caenorhabditis elegans with candidate pathogens (Acinetobacter baumannii and Staphylococcus aureus) mediated infections was investigated. The results indicated enrichment of metabolites, reduced level of antioxidants, increased expression of dopamine biosynthesis and transportation, and decrease in serotonin biosynthesis when the organism was exposed to low‐dose UV‐A for 5 min. This, in turn, elevated the expression of candidate regulatory proteins involved in lifespan determination, innate immunity, and cAMP‐response element binding protein (CREB), which appear to increase the lifespan and brood size of C. elegans during A. baumannii and S. aureus infections. The findings suggested that the low‐dose UV‐A treatment during A. baumannii and S. aureus infections prolonged the lifespan and increased the egg‐laying capacity of C. elegans.
The impact of situational context and dispositions on costly signals of reassurance: Experimental evidence from Taiwan
Authors: Fu Ronan Tse‐min , Lee Elaine I‐lien 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWhen do costly signals of reassurance enhance trust between nations? While previous research has established the role of dispositions in costly signaling, this paper highlights the critical influence of situational context. Employing an interactionist framework, we theorize that the effectiveness of costly signals depends on the complex interplay between situational contexts, such as crises and non‐crises, and individual dispositions, particularly hawkish and dovish orientations. We test our theory through two identical survey experiments fielded among Taiwanese citizens—one conducted during a crisis and the other during a non‐crisis period. Our findings show that during crises, China's costly reassurances are ineffective and even backfire among hawkish individuals. In contrast, China's costly reassuring signals enhance trust in non‐crisis situations, particularly among dovish individuals. Our findings contribute to signaling theory by underscoring important boundary conditions and the value of integrating contextual and psychological factors in analyzing the efficacy of costly signals. Moreover, by demonstrating that backfire effects emerge when hawks encounter reassurance during crises, we provide preliminary evidence on the scope conditions of this phenomenon. These insights offer empirical implications for policymakers, emphasizing the need for tailored reassurance strategies that account for timing and audience to effectively build trust between nations.
Safety and efficacy of a novel transbronchial radiofrequency ablation system for lung tumours: One year follow‐up from the first multi‐centre large‐scale clinical trial (BRONC‐RFII)
Authors: Zhong Changhao , Chen Enguo , Su Zhuquan , Chen Difei , Wang Feng , Wang Xiaoping , Liu Guangnan , Zhang Xiaoju , Luo Fengming , Zhang Nan , Wang Hongwu , Jin Longyu , Long Fa , Liu Chunfang , Wu Shiman , Geng Qing , Wang Xiang , Tang Chunli , Chen Ruchong , Herth Felix J. F. , Sun Jiayuan , Li Shiyue 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveRadiofrequency ablation (RFA) is an emerging treatment of lung cancer, yet it is accompanied by certain safety concerns and operational limitations. This first multi‐centre, large‐scale clinical trial aimed to investigate the technical performance, efficacy and safety of an innovative transbronchial RFA system for lung tumours.MethodsThe study enrolled patients with malignant lung tumours who underwent transbronchial RFA using an automatic saline microperfusion system between January 2021 and December 2021 across 16 medical centres. The primary endpoint was the complete ablation rate. The performance and safety of the technique, along with the 1‐year survival rates, were evaluated.ResultsThis study included 126 patients (age range: 23–85 years) with 130 lung tumours (mean size: 18.77 × 14.15 mm) who had undergone 153 transbronchial RFA sessions, with a technique success rate of 99.35% and an average ablation zone size of 32.47 mm. At the 12‐month follow‐up, the complete ablation rate and intrapulmonary progression‐free survival rates were 90.48% and 88.89%, respectively. The results of patients with ground‐glass nodules (GGNs) were superior to those of the patients with solid nodules (12‐month complete ablation rates: solid vs. pure GGN vs. mixed GGN: 82.14% vs. 100% vs. 96.08%, p = 0.007). No device defects were reported. Complications such as pneumothorax, haemoptysis, pleural effusion, pulmonary infection and pleural pain were observed in 3.97%, 6.35%, 8.73%, 11.11% and 10.32% of patients, respectively. Two subjects died during the follow‐up period.ConclusionTransbronchial RFA utilizing an automatic saline microperfusion system is a viable, safe and efficacious approach for the treatment for lung tumours, particularly for patients with GGNs.image
High‐intensity interval training improves cardiomyocyte contractile function and myofilament sensitivity to intracellular Ca2+ in obese rats
Authors: dos Santos Matheus Corteletti , da Silva Daniel Sesana , Cordeiro Jóctan Pimentel , Domingos Lucas Furtado , da Silva Gomes Ezio Henrique , Nogueira Breno Valentim , Bocalini Danilo Sales , Lima Leopoldo Ana Paula , Leopoldo André Soares 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHigh‐intensity interval training (HIIT) has shown significant results in addressing adiposity and risk factors associated with obesity. However, there are no studies that investigate the effects of HIIT on contractility and intracellular Ca2+ handling. The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of HIIT on cardiomyocyte contractile function and intracellular Ca2+ handling in rats in which obesity was induced by a saturated high‐fat diet (HFD). Male Wistar rats were initially randomized into a standard diet and a HFD group. The experimental protocol spanned 23 weeks, comprising the induction and maintenance of obesity (15 weeks) followed by HIIT treatment (8 weeks). Performance was assessed using the maximum oxygen consumption test (). Evaluation encompassed cardiac, adipose and skeletal muscle histology, as well as contractility and intracellular Ca2+ handling. HIIT resulted in a reduction in visceral area, an increase in , and an augmentation of gastrocnemius fibre diameter in obese subjects. Additionally, HIIT led to a decrease in collagen fraction, an increase in percentage shortening, and a reduction in systolic Ca2+/percentage shortening and systolic Ca2+/maximum shortening rates. HIIT induces physiological cardiac remodelling, enhancing the contractile function of cardiomyocytes and improving myofilament sensitivity to Ca2+ in the context of obesity. This approach not only enhances cardiorespiratory and physical performance but also reduces visceral area and prevents interstitial fibrosis.
Simulation and Analysis of Solar-Assisted Air Source Heat Pump Heating System in Remote and Cold Regions
Authors: Tan Zilin , An Qier , Li Jingyang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In extremely cold and remote areas such as the west of the Inner Mongolia region, due to the vast land and sparse population, the coverage rate of heating pipes is low, resulting in high non-renewable energy consumption in building heating. To reduce the reliance on polluted energy and utilize sufficient solar energy resources, this study proposed a solar-assisted air source heat pump heating system (SASHP) and realized abundant heating supply for Taolai Airport Terminal in Ejina Banner. Indoor temperature during the heating season was simulated using the trnsys and the coldest month was selected for analyzing and evaluating the heating performance of the SASHP. Compared with a single air source heat pump heating system, the SASHP achieves a 45.81% reduction in energy consumption, and the system's energy efficiency ratio (SEER) increases from 4.14 to 7.85. In addition, the average indoor temperature is 1.02 °C higher than that of the traditional gas boiler heating system on the coldest day. Aiming to minimize the equivalent annual cost, Hooke–Jeeves algorithm is used to optimize key parameters of the SASHP and the solar fraction increased from 45.99% to 51.91%, the SEER improved from 7.85 to 8.74. The optimized system has significantly improved in terms of system performance, while also demonstrating good energy saving, environmental protection, and economic benefits, which can provide a reference for the optimization and application of similar projects.
Evaluating Fracture Energy Predictions Using Phase-Field and Gradient-Enhanced Damage Models for Elastomers
Authors: Mousavi S. Mohammad , Ang Ida , Mulderrig Jason , Bouklas Nikolaos 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Recently, the phase-field method has been increasingly used for brittle fractures in soft materials like polymers, elastomers, and biological tissues. When considering finite deformations to account for the highly deformable nature of soft materials, the convergence of the phase-field method becomes challenging, especially in scenarios of unstable crack growth. To overcome these numerical difficulties, several approaches have been introduced, with artificial viscosity being the most widely utilized. This study investigates the energy release rate due to crack propagation in hyperelastic nearly-incompressible materials and compares the phase-field method and a novel gradient-enhanced damage (GED) approach. First, we simulate unstable loading scenarios using the phase-field method, which leads to convergence problems. To address these issues, we introduce artificial viscosity to stabilize the problem and analyze its impact on the energy release rate utilizing a domain J-integral approach giving quantitative measurements during crack propagation. It is observed that the measured energy released rate during crack propagation does not comply with the imposed critical energy release rate, and shows non-monotonic behavior. In the second part of the paper, we introduce a novel stretch-based GED model as an alternative to the phase-field method for modeling crack evolution in elastomers. It is demonstrated that in this method, the energy release rate can be obtained as an output of the simulation rather than as an input which could be useful in the exploration of rate-dependent responses, as one could directly impose chain-level criteria for damage initiation. We show that while this novel approach provides reasonable results for fracture simulations, it still suffers from some numerical issues that strain-based GED formulations are known to be susceptible to.