bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Operative wound-related complications after cranial revascularization surgeries
Authors: Takanari Keisuke , Araki Yoshio , Okamoto Sho , Sato Hideyoshi , Yagi Shunjiro , Toriyama Kazuhiro , Yokoyama Kinya , Murotani Kenta , Matsui Shigeyuki , Wakabayashi Toshihiko , Kamei Yuzuru 
Published: July 2015

OBJECT
Intracranial revascularization surgeries are an effective treatment for moyamoya disease and other intracranial vascular obliterative diseases. However, in some cases, wound-related complications develop after surgery. Although the incidence of wound complication is supposed to be higher than that with a usual craniotomy, this complication has rarely been the focus of studies in the literature that report the outcomes of revascularization surgeries. Here, the relationship between intracranial revascularization surgeries and their complications is statistically assessed.

METHODS
Between October 2004 and February 2010, 71 patients were treated using cerebral revascularization surgeries on 98 sides of the head. The relationship between wound complications and operative technique was retrospectively assessed. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the risk factors of wound complication, including operative technique, age, sex, diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and smoking history.

RESULTS
In total, there were 21 (21.4%) operative wound complications. Of these 21 complications, there were 14 (66.7%) minor complications and 7 (33.3%) major complications. No statistically significant relationship was found between wound complications and any surgical procedure. A trend toward severer complications was demonstrated for the procedures that used both STA branches (“double” procedures) in comparison with the procedures that used only 1 STA branch (“single” procedures, p = 0.016, Cochran-Armitage trend test). Multivariate logistic regression analysis also revealed that double procedures demonstrated a significantly higher incidence of wound complications than single procedures (OR 3.087, p = 0.048). DM was found to be a risk factor for wound complication (OR 9.42, p = 0.02), but age, sex, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia were not associated with the incidence of complications. Even though the blood supply to the scalp is abundant due to 5 arteriovenous systems, sometimes cutaneous necrosis develops after intracranial revascularization surgeries. The galeal blood supply is thought to be crucial for preventing wound-related complications. Special care is also thought to be required for DM patients.

CONCLUSIONS
Revascularization surgeries seemed to demonstrate a higher risk of wound-related complications. Double-type procedures, which use both branches of the STA, and a history of DM were found to be risk factors for wound-related complications. Attention should be paid to the design of the galeal incision and vessel harvest line. Also, special attention should be paid to patients with DM.
“Live cadavers” for training in the management of intraoperative aneurysmal rupture
Authors: Aboud Emad , Aboud Ghaith , Al-Mefty Ossama , Aboud Talal , Rammos Stylianos , Abolfotoh Mohammad , Hsu Sanford P. C. , Koga Sebastian , Arthur Adam , Krisht Ali 
Published: July 2015

OBJECT
Intraoperative rupture occurs in approximately 9.2% of all cranial aneurysm surgeries. This event is not merely a surgical complication, it is also a real surgical crisis that requires swift and decisive action. Neurosurgical residents may have little exposure to this event, but they may face it in their practice. Laboratory training would be invaluable for developing competency in addressing this crisis. In this study, the authors present the “live cadaver” model, which allows repetitive training under lifelike conditions for residents and other trainees to practice managing this crisis.

METHODS
The authors have used the live cadaver model in 13 training courses from 2009 to 2014 to train residents and neurosurgeons in the management of intraoperative aneurysmal rupture. Twenty-three cadaveric head specimens harboring 57 artificial and 2 real aneurysms were used in these courses. Specimens were specially prepared for this technique and connected to a pump that sent artificial blood into the vessels. This setting created a lifelike situation in the cadaver that simulates live surgery in terms of bleeding, pulsation, and softness of tissue.

RESULTS
A total of 203 neurosurgical residents and 89 neurosurgeons and faculty members have practiced and experienced the live cadaver model. Clipping of the aneurysm and management of an intraoperative rupture was first demonstrated by an instructor. Then, trainees worked for 20- to 30-minute sessions each, during which they practiced clipping and reconstruction techniques and managed intraoperative ruptures. Ninety-one of the participants (27 faculty members and 64 participants) completed a questionnaire to rate their personal experience with the model. Most either agreed or strongly agreed that the model was a valid simulation of the conditions of live surgery on cerebral aneurysms and represents a realistic simulation of aneurysmal clipping and intraoperative rupture. Actual performance improvement with this model will require detailed measurement for validating its effectiveness. The model lends itself to evaluation using precise performance measurements.

CONCLUSIONS
The live cadaver model presents a useful simulation of the conditions of live surgery for clipping cerebral aneurysms and managing intraoperative rupture. This model provides a means of practice and promotes team management of intraoperative cerebrovascular critical events. Precise metric measurement for evaluation of training performance improvement can be applied.
Guilty, Sexual and Local: Nature for the Nation in the Italian Narrative of the
Bel Paese
(19th century)
Authors: Gai Antonio 
Published: July 2015

Abstract

Significant historiographical works have been dedicated to the role of nature in many national cultures, but such studies for the process of development of Italian national identity are still rather rare. This article aims to partially fill this gap, attempting to provide insight into the corpus of the so-called 'Risorgimental canon': in other terms, the most influential literary texts of the cultural and political movement aiming to unify the States beneath the borders of the Alps in a single nation, Italy. The 'Risorgimento'- the act of 'rising again' - of Italian national identity. This paper examines patriotic poetry and novels in the context of their contemporary culture as both expressions and performances of the relationship between the environmental approach and national narrative. In particular this essay explores the rhetorical use of the environment in national discourse, through the representation of the imagined geographical identity, the poetry of national landscape and the value attributed to Nature. At this time, while the new national sentiment was being built, local identities continued to persist, and emerged in the canon, striking intellectuals with the great difficulties of mixing together old and new identities. As it inherited a long environmental tradition, relating to Romanticism, and imagined a new political identity, the Risorgimento shaped and institutionalised the general idea of nature in the national discourse about the
Bel Paese
.
Proved generation of implementations from computationally secure protocol specifications
Authors: Cadé David , Blanchet Bruno 
Published: July 2015

Abstract In order to obtain implementations of security protocols proved secure in the computational model, we previously proposed the following approach: we write a specification of the protocol in the input language of the computational protocol verifier CryptoVerif, prove it secure using CryptoVerif, then generate an OCaml implementation of the protocol from the CryptoVerif specification using a specific compiler that we have implemented. However, until now, this compiler was not proved correct, so we did not have real guarantees on the generated implementation. In this paper, we fill this gap. We prove that this compiler preserves the security properties proved by CryptoVerif: if an adversary has probability p of breaking a security property in the generated code, then there exists an adversary that breaks the property with the same probability p in the CryptoVerif specification. Therefore, if the protocol specification is proved secure in the computational model by CryptoVerif, then the generated implementation is also secure.
Les Œuvres complètes de Gogol sont-elles complètes ? Les instructions spirituelles de Gogol
Authors: Niqueux Michel 
Published: July 2015

Are the complete Works of Gogol complete ? The spiritual instructions of Gogol.
The article reviews the various editions of the complete Works of Gogol, and proposes the translation of two spiritual instructions from 1843-1844 about anger, among which one is inspired by Saint Jean Climaque. They may explain the fact that Gogol did not send his answer to Bielinsky's famous letter of July 15th, 1847 and accused him of flattery and obscurantism.
The Acacia Species with Glandular Glutinous Pods in Southern Africa
Authors: Ross J. H. 
Published: July 2015

The complex of Acacia species with glandular glutinous pods, consisting of seven species, is endemic to southern Africa. A map showing the distribution of these species is given. A new key to the identification of these species is provided and characters that enable members of the complex to be distinguished from A. karroo Hayne are discussed.
Notes on the Genus Brachystelma
Authors: Dyer R. A. 
Published: July 2015

The distribution and synonymy of Brachystelma blepharanthera H. Huber. B. circinatum E. Mey. and B. dinteri Schltr. are discussed in the light of material recently available. New names include a new combination: B. stenoplyllum (Schltr.) R. A. Dyer (Siphonoslelma stenophyllum Schltr.) and three new species: B. cupulatum R. A. Dyer from South West Africa, B. tenue R. A. Dyer and B. vahrmeijeri R. A. Dyer, both from Natal.
New Combinations in the Genera Brettanomyces, Kluyveromyces, Lodderomyces and Wingea
Authors: Van der Walt J. P. 
Published: July 2015

Van der Walt and Van Kerken (1959) and Van der Walt (1965. 1966, 1967) introduced several non-valid combinations in the genera Brettanomyces, Kluyveromyces, Lodderomyces and Wingea by omitting to list relevant basionyms according to the requirements of Article 33 of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. As these combinations, however, have been adopted in the new taxo­nomic treatise edited by Lodder (1970), they are now validated in conformance with the requirements of the Code.
Comparative Leaf Anatomy of <i>Paspalum paspalodes</i> and <i>P. vagirial</i> uni
Authors: Ellis R. P. 
Published: July 2015

The leaf blade and epidermal anatomy of Paspalum paspalodes (Michx.) Scribn. (syn. P. distichum L.) and P. vaginatum Swartz is compared and discussed. Numerous anatomical differences are evidentand the species can be separated on the basis of the distribution of sclerenchyma and the shape andthickness of the leaf margin. Another distinct diagnostic difference is the shape of the adaxial ribs and furrows and their associated papillae. P. paspalodes has two distinct types of abaxial epidermis: cuticular and papillate.
The genus <i>Elephantorrhisa</i>
Authors: Ross J. H. 
Published: July 2015

The genus Elephantorrhiza is reviewed. Nine species, including one new species, E. practermissa J H. Ross, from the eastern Transvaal, are recognized. A description of each species and a key to theidentification o f the nine species are provided. Lectotypes are selected for two species. The known distribution of each species is plotted and attention is drawn to the more serious deficiencies in ourknowledge of some of the species. Concern is expressed over the present conservation status of several species
Translocation heterozygosity in southern African species of <i>Viscum</i>
Authors: Wiens D. , Barlow B. A. 
Published: July 2015

Sex-associated and floating translocation complexes are characteristic of dioecious species of Viscum, but are virtually absent in monoecious species. The majority of dioecious species has fixed sex-associated translocation complexes with the male being the heterozygous sex. The sex-associated multivalent is usually O4 (ring-of-four) or O6 , rarely O8 . Dioecious species without sex-associated translocations are much less common. Most of the dioecious species are also polymorphic for floating translocations, producing one or more additional multivalents ranging from O4 to O12. Floating translocations may be more frequent in species that do not have sex-associated translocations. Supernumerary chromosomes are also present in several species. Sex ratios are at unity in most dioecious species, but female-biased ratios may occur in some species. The high correlation between dioecy and translocation heterozygosity suggests that translocations are primarily associated with the origin and establishment of dioecy. Any róle in the maintenance of biased sex ratios through meiotic drive is probably secondary. Sex-associated translocations may serve to stabilize dioecy by bringing the sex factors into close linkage. Subsequent structural rearrangements within a sex-associated translocation complex may bring the sex factors together in one chromosome pair, releasing floating translocations. The high frequencies of floating translocation heterozygosity in some species indicate that such heterozygosity also has adaptive value.
The genus <i>Cola</i> in southern Africa
Authors: Verdoorn I. C. 
Published: July 2015

The two species of Cola that occur in southern Africa are reviewed. C. natalensis Oliv. is endemic, but C. greenwayi Brenan has mainly a tropical east African distribution with the eastern Transvaal and northern Zululand speci­mens being the most southerly records. A study o f the available material from tropical east Africa and southern Africa supports the view that C. microcarpa Brenan is synonymous with C. greenwayi.
Leaf anatomy of the South African Danthonieae (Poaceae). V. <i>Merxmuellera macowanii</i>, <i>M. davyi</i> and <i>M. aureocephala</i>
Authors: Ellis R. P. 
Published: July 2015

Transverse sections and abaxial epidermal scrapes, of herbarium and freshly fixed leaf blade material, of Merxmuellera macowanii (Stapf) Conert, M. davyi (C. E. Hubb.) Conert and M. aureocephala (J. G. Anders.) Conert, were examined using light microscopy. The leaf anatomy o f these three species is very similar in all respects with the exception o f certain M. aureocephala specimens. In addition, the anatomy indicates a relationship between these three species and M. disticha (Nees) Conert. This group of species differs anatomically from M. stricta (Schrad.) Nees, and related species such as M. drakensbergensis (Schweick.) Conert and M. stereophylla (J. G. Anders.) Conert, in the sequence of vascular bundles along the width of the leaf blade and associated characters. However, the M. aureocephala specimens, not having the M. disticha type of vascular bundle arrangement, anatomically resemble the M. stricta group of species, and M. aureocephala appears to be intermediate between these two species groups.resemble the M. stricta group of species, and M. aureocephala appears to be intermediate between these two species groups.
Dune advancement 1937—1977 at the Mlalazi Nature Reserve, Mtunzini, Natal, South Africa, and a preliminary vegetation-succession chronology
Authors: Weisser P. J. , Garland I. F. , Drews B. K. 
Published: July 2015

Foredune advancement on a 2 km coastline north of the Siaya Lagoon Mouth was studied using air photos. Between 1937 and 1977 the dunes advanced about 95 m (2,4 m per year). Vegetation was dated according to its position on a profile. If a 2,4 m per year seaward advancement of the dunes is assumed, the following succession chronology is obtained: Scaevola thunbergii Foredunes from 0 to 30 years; Passerina rigida Open Dune Scrub 30 to60 years; Closed Dune Scrub 60 to 90 years and Dune Forest beginning at about 90 years. Variation in dune advancement rates on different coastal stretches and for different time intervals was observed and will be reported on later. This dune succession chronology should, therefore, only be seen as a first rough approximation.
The genus Tetradenia Benth. (Lamiaceae). I. African species
Authors: Codd L. E. 
Published: July 2015

The genus Iboza N. E. Br. is placed as a synonym of Tetradenia Benth. and the following new combinations are made: T. barberae (N.E. Br.) Codd, T. brevispicata (N.E. Br.) Codd and T. riparia (Hochst.) Codd.
An African knowledge of ethnosystematics and its application totraditional medicine, with particular reference to the medicinal use of the fungus <i>Engleromyces goetzei</i>
Authors: Kokwaro J. O. 
Published: July 2015

Botany and medicine have been closely related fields of knowledge throughout the history of man's development. Consequently a folk knowledge of botanical classification (ethnosystematics) is often rooted in traditional medicine. Four factors have contributed to ethnosystematics being particularly well developed in Africa. They are: the continuing importance of traditional medicine; the importance of the spoken word in handing down traditional botanical and medical knowledge; the richness and diversity of the African flora; and the many different languages and dialects used by the African people. Some of the plants used in African traditional medicine are being investigated as sources of antibiotics and other useful substances. An example is the investigation of the fungus Engleromyces goetzei P. Hennings, whose medical use is described for the first time.
Quelques exemples camerounais de liaison possible entre phénomênes géologiques et végétation
Authors: Latouzey R. 
Published: July 2015

SOME CAMEROON EXAMPLES OF A POSSIBLE CONNECTION BETWEEN GEOLOGICALPHENOMENA AND VEGETATION The paper includes the following: a morphological, ecological and geographical description of the monophytic populations (unique in humid African forests) of Gilbertiodendron dewevrei (Caesalpiniaceae) in south-east Cameroon; probable relic character of these populations; comparison with other gregarious species in the Caesalpiniaceae and Sapotaceae; hypothesis of the reduction of hydrostatic levels; — the same hypothesis related to the deep forested valleys of the Sudano-Zambezi plateau of Adamaoua in the centre of Cameroon and — a study of a sandstone ‘inselberg,’ overhanging the dense humid evergreen forest of south-west Cameroon, with compound vegetation (a type of ‘miombo’ but including maritime littoral plants as well as endemic elements); hypothesis of recent epirogenic movements, of tectonic movements, of volcanic effects (Mont Cameroun).
The genus <i>Trematocarpus</i> (Sarcodiaceae, Rhodophyta) in southern Africa and the exclusion of <i>Sphaerococcus (Chondrus) scutellatus</i>
Authors: Simons R. H. 
Published: July 2015

Trematocarpus Kützing in southern Africa is found to comprise four taxa in three species: newly described is T. fragilis (Ag.) De Toni var. divaricatus Simons, var. nov. Two of the species, T. flabellatus (J. Ag.) De Toni and T. affinis (J. Ag.) De Toni are restored to independent specific rank after being regarded as synonyms of T. scutellatus (Her.) Searles. It is shown that Sphaerococcus (Chondrus) scutellatus Her., the basionym of T. scutellatus refers to a species of Gigartina, therefore a new combination Gigartina scutellata (Her.) Simons is made for this species which was formerly known as G. fastigiata J. Ag. and G. scabiosa (Kiitz.) Papenf. Trematocarpus elongatus Kiitz. is relegated to synonymy under T. fragilis var. divaricatus.
Evolution of succulent <i>Euphorbia,/i> as interpreted from latex composition
Authors: Mahlberg P. G. , Pleszynska J. , Rauh W. , Schnepf E. 
Published: July 2015

The morphology of starch grains and the gas-liquid chromatographic profile of triterpenes derived from latex of the nonarticulated laticifer of succulent African Euphorbia were examined for their applicability to interpret phylogenetic relationships of this genus. Several trends in starch grain morphology and triterpene composition were evident in the 38 examined taxa. Rod shaped grains, interpreted to be conservative, occurred in only a few taxa in several dwarf groups. Grains of osteoid shape prevailed in most taxa. Highly osteoid grains possessing lobed ends represented the most complex form and were present in some taxa endemic to Madagascar. Triterpene profiles which contained from 2 to 14 or more compounds were derived from all taxa. Each taxon possessed a characteristic profile, or identifying fingerprint. The composition of the profile differed quantitatively and qualitatively among taxa. Taxa with few triterpenes, tentatively interpreted as primitive, occurred in dwarf forms, whereas Madagascan taxa tended to possess high numbers of triterpenes reflective of specialization. This study supports the interpretation that laticifer starch grain morphology and triterpene composition, both gene mediated stable markers, can be employed to determine and correlate phylogenetic relationships between taxa of this complex genus.
Embryo sac development in some South African <i>Lantana</i> species (Verbenaceae)
Authors: Spies J. J. 
Published: July 2015

Evidence that the South African Lantana camara L. complex only produces sexual embryo sacs is provided. It is shown that the archesporium occasionally divides mitotically and that both archesporia form tetrads. The chalazal megaspore of one tetrad and the micropylar megaspore of the second tetrad develop into Polygonum type embryo sacs. L. rugosa Thunb. also forms Polygonum type embryo sacs. The L. rugosa embryo sac has a much more densely packed cytoplasm, smaller vacuole and the position of the polar nuclei differs from that of the L. camara embryo sac. It is possible to distinguish between L. camara and L. rugosa on their embryo sac morphology alone.
The development from kinetic coefficients of a predictive model for the growth of Eichhomia crassipes in the field. I. Generating kinetic coefficients for the model in greenhouse culture
Authors: Musil C. F. , Breen C. M. 
Published: July 2015

The kinetics of N- and P- limited growth of Eichhornia crassipes (Mart .) Solms were investigated in greenhouse culture with the object of developing a model for predicting population sizes, yields, growth rates and frequencies and amounts of harvest, under varying conditions of nutrient loading and climate, to control both nutrient inputs and excessive growth in eutrophied aquatic systems. The kinetic coefficients, maximum specific growth rate (Umax), half saturation coefficient (Ks) and yield coefficient (Yc) were measured under N and P limitation in replicated batch culture experiments. Umax values and Ks concentrations derived under N limitation ranged from 5,37 to 8,86% d + and from 400 to 1 506 µg N ℓ1respectively. Those derived under P limitation ranged from 4,51 to 10,89% d 1 and from 41 to 162 fig P ℓ1 respectively. Yc values (fresh mass basis) determined ranged from 1 660 to 1 981 (87 to 98 dry mass basis) for N and from 16 431 to 18 671 (867 to 980 dry mass basis) for P. The reciprocals of Yc values (dry mass basis), expressed as percentages, adequately estimated the minimum limiting concentrations of N and P {% dry mass) in the plant tissues. Kinetic coefficients determined are compared with those reported for algae. The experimental method used and results obtained are critically assessed.