bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Orexin and Sleep Disturbances in Alpha-Synucleinopathies: a Systematic Review
Authors: Raheel Kausar , See Qi Rui , Munday Veronica , Fakhroo Basma , Ivanenko Olga , Salvatelli Marcello Luigi , Mutti Carlotta , Goadsby Peter J. , Delogu Alessio , Naismith Sharon L. , Holland Phil , Parrino Liborio , Chaudhuri K. Ray , Rosenzweig Ivana 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Sleep disturbances are amongst most frequent non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease (PD), and they are similarly frequently reported in other alpha-syncleinopathies, such as Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) and Multiple System Atrophy (MSA). More recently, the orexin system has been implicated in control of arousal based on salient environmental set points, and its dysregulation in sleep issues in alpha-synucleinopathies suggested by the findings from the translational animal models. However, its role in the patients with alpha-synucleinopathies remains unclear. We thus set to systematically review, and to critically assess, contemporary evidence on the association of the orexinergic system and sleep disturbances in alpha-synucleinopathies. In this systematic review, studies investigating orexin and sleep in alpha-synucleinopathies (Rapid Eye Movement (REM) Behaviour Disorder (RBD), Parkinson's Disease (PD), Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB), Multiple System Atrophy (MSA)) were identified using electronic database searches of PubMed, Web of Science and PsychINFO using MeSH terms, keywords, and title words such as “Alpha-synucleinopathies” AND “Orexin” AND “Sleep Disturbances”.

Recent findings
17 studies were included in this systemic review, of which 2 studies on RBD, 10 on PD, 4 on DLB, and 1 on MSA patients. Taken together, RBD and PD studies suggest a potential adaptive increase in orexin levels in early stages of the neurodegenerative process, with reduced levels more often reported for later, more advanced stages of illness. To date, no differences in orexin levels were demonstrated between MSA patients and healthy controls.

Summary
There is a dearth of studies on the role of orexin levels in alpha-synucleinopathies. Moreover, significant methodologic limitations in the current body of work, including use of non-standardised research protocols and lack of prospective, multi-centre studies, disallow for any finite conclusion in regards to underlying pathomechanisms. Nonetheless, a picture of a complex, multifaceted relationship between the dysregulation of the orexinergic pathway and sleep disturbances in alpha-synucleinopathies is emerging. Hence, future studies disentangling orexinergic pathomechanisms of alpha-syncleinopathies are urgently needed to obtain a more comprehensive account of the role of orexinergic pathway in alpha-synucleinopathies. Pharmacological manipulations of orexins may have multiple therapeutic applications in treatment strategies, disease diagnosis, and might be effective for treating both motor and non-motor symptoms.
Relationship of Cell Size Distribution and Biomechanics of Strawberry Fruit Under Varying Ca and N Supply
Authors: An Xue , Kopka Janine , Rode Michael , Zude-Sasse Manuela 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Bruising due to compression of strawberry fruit is the major cause for fruit decay, resulting in food waste, which can be observed macroscopically as the result of texture failures. In the present study, laser light scattering density (LSD) analysis was applied to study the effect of cell size distribution percentages on fruit mechanics, considering three growth stages and added variance by foliar spray application of Ca, N, and Ca-N. The growth rate k considering cell size range 300–450 µm was enhanced in N compared to Ca treatment with 0.8 and 0.5, respectively. Comparison of cell sizes and mechanical fruit tissue properties reveals a strong effect of cell size on fruit mechanics. Based on cell size data, the particles in discrete element models (DEM) were established, applying a simple contact model of Hertz-Mindlin to test the effect of LSD data input, when simulating the compression peak force of strawberry tissue. Comparing measured compression data and DEM simulation, the mean square error was reduced, e.g., for Ca group of over-ripe fruit, from 9.6 to 6.5% when LSD percentages of cell size distribution were considered. Concluding, the newly available cell size distribution data provide valuable information on fruit growth and enable the simulation of fruit tissue compression under varying environmental growth conditions. The enhanced simulation accuracy of LSD-DEM approach makes the approach relevant for plant nutrition, developing robot harvesters, sorting devices, and shelf life assessment of fresh fruit.
Fungal Head and Neck Dermatitis: Current Understanding and Management
Authors: Chong Albert C. , Navarro-Triviño Francisco José , Su Malcolm , Park Chang Ook 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHead and neck dermatitis (HND) is a form of atopic dermatitis (AD) that affects the seborrheic areas of the body and causes greater quality of life detriments than other types of AD. HND can be challenging to treat since first-line topical therapies may be ineffective or intolerable for long-term use on areas affected by HND while dupilumab may cause dupilumab-associated HND (DAHND). Current evidence implicates fungi, particularly Malassezia spp., in the pathogenesis of HND. Penetration of fungal antigens through the defective AD skin barrier activates the innate and adaptive immune systems to cause cutaneous inflammation via the T helper (Th)17 and/or Th2 axes. Malassezia sensitization may distinguish HND from other forms of AD. Multiple double-blind, placebo-controlled trials have shown antifungals to benefit HND, yet the persistence of symptom relief with sustained use remains unclear. Oral antifungals appear more effective than topical antifungals but may be harmful with long-term use. DAHND may also be fungal-mediated given improvement with antifungals and evidence of an overactive immune response against Malassezia in these patients. Janus kinase inhibitors are effective for HND, including DAHND, but may cause significant side effects when administered systemically. OX40/OX40L inhibitors and tralokinumab may be promising options for HND on the horizon. Demographic and environmental factors influence the host mycobiome and should be considered in future precision-medicine approaches as microbiome composition and diversity are linked to severity of HND.
Methods to Induce Sprouting in Dormant Potato Tubers for Direct Tuber Testing of Potato Virus Y
Authors: Gelles N. A. , Olsen N. , Thornton M. K. , Karasev A. V. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe ability to initiate sprouting soon after harvest to enable direct tuber testing for potato virus Y (PVY) could aid in acquiring more rapid results compared to the traditional winter grow out tests currently used. Methods to break dormancy for PVY detection using laboratory direct tuber testing by ELISA in commercially produced Ranger Russet, Clearwater Russet, and Umatilla Russet seed lots were tested over two years and compared to leaf testing results obtained from the winter grow out and spring grow out. At harvest, three 400 tuber samples from each cultivar were obtained for the trial and included (1) untreated control (UTC), (2) application of cold aerosol smoke, or (3) application of Rindite. Tuber samples were held at 18.3 C and sprout development was monitored weekly. Treatments were direct tuber tested for PVY when one treatment of that cultivar achieved three sprouts elongating to six millimeters. A fourth 400 tuber sample was collected, treated with Rindite, and included in the Idaho winter grow out plots in Waialua, Hawaii and leaves were sampled and evaluated for PVY using ELISA. Laboratory tested seed was stored and planted in a spring grow out (Kimberly, Idaho) and leaf samples were analyzed for PVY by ELISA. Rindite treated tubers had greater sprout rating and number of sprouts elongating compared to UTC tubers and tubers receiving the smoke treatment at time of PVY testing. Smoke had a greater sprout rating but did not always significantly differ in the number of sprouts elongating compared to the untreated tubers. Overall, estimates of PVY prevalence from direct tuber testing showed limited significant differences to those obtained in the winter grow out for each cultivar, year, and PVY incidence. However, in year two, the incidence of PVY in the winter grow out (7% PVY) significantly differed from direct tuber testing (16% PVY) in Ranger Russet. In both years, the spring grow out PVY results for all cultivars were not significantly different than the direct tuber testing, except in year one the Ranger Russet direct tuber tested UTC showed 10% lower PVY detection compared to the spring grow out. This study identified a novel dormancy breaking treatment to promote earlier and accurate PVY detection by direct tuber testing using ELISA and provided data to support direct tuber testing for post-harvest evaluation of PVY in seed certification.
Developing a Genetic Algorithm for Selecting Infrastructure Modifications that Optimize Hydrodynamic Flushing in Old Tampa Bay
Authors: Meyers Steven D. , Beck Marcus W. , Sherwood Edward T. , Luther Mark E. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractImpermeable infrastructure such as traffic causeways can reduce the natural hydrodynamic flushing of an estuary, resulting in reduced water quality and increased incidence of harmful algal blooms (HABs). A series of cuts through the three causeways spanning Old Tampa Bay, FL, (OTB) are being considered to help restore the natural circulation of the region, but the number of possible location combinations is computationally challenging to fully assess. A prototype genetic algorithm (GA) was developed to identify the optimal configuration of these cuts through one of the bridge sections that maximizes flushing as represented in a numerical ocean circulation model of OTB. Flushing was measured by integrating the trajectories of over 21,000 passive Lagrangian “particles” using the model velocity fields. The rate of loss of particles initialized near Feather Sound (a region subject to frequent HABs) was used to quantify the “fitness” over which the configurations were optimized. The highest-scoring solution produced a 42% increase in net flushing compared to a no-change baseline. Six independently initialized applications of the GA were conducted. All converged to the same solution within no more than 7 generations. The small population size of the prototype allowed testing of the complete solution space, and verification the found solution was optimal. Elitism (preservation of the highest-ranking solution) was required for convergence. The GA also identified configurations that had similar, but slightly slower, flushing rates. These results will help area managers prioritize or rank combinations of causeway modifications to improve overall water quality conditions in Tampa Bay.
Food security effects of forest sector participation in rural Liberia
Authors: Amadu Festus O. , Miller Daniel C. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractForests can help rural households cope with food insecurity challenges in the face of climate change while also sequestering carbon and advancing other sustainability objectives in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). As such, participation in the forestry sector can contribute to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially on hunger and food security (SDG 2) in forest rich, but economically poor areas of LMICs. However, analysis of the effects of forest sector participation on food security in such contexts remain limited. Here we estimate the effects of participation in forest-based activities like collection and processing of timber and non-timber forest products (NTFPs) on household food security in Liberia, the most forested country in West Africa. We applied endogenous switching poisson regression to data from 1408 households living in the proximity of forests included in Liberia’s 2019 national household forest survey to estimate the effect of forest sector participation on food security (in terms of reduction in the number of months households reportedly had insufficient food). Results show that forest-sector participation reduced the number of months households had insufficient food by 84% (about 2.7 months). Heterogeneity analyses show that NTFPs affected food security by 80% (about 2.5 months) compared to timber and wood products, which had a 66% effect size (about 2.1 months) on average. Our results provide new, national-scale evidence on the role of forests in enhancing food security in Liberia and suggest the importance of forest sector participation for food security and achieving SDG 2 more generally.
Spatial Mapping for Multi-Hazard Land Management in Sparsely Vegetated Watersheds Using Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Bammou Youssef , Benzougagh Brahim , Igmoullan Brahim , Kader Shuraik , Ouallali Abdessalam , Spalevic Velibor , Sestras Paul , Kuriqi Alban 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study breaks new ground by developing a multi-hazard vulnerability map for the Tensift watershed and the Haouz plain in the Moroccan High Atlas area. The unique juxtaposition of flat and mountainous terrain in this area increases sensitivity to natural hazards, making it an ideal location for this research. Previous extreme events in this region have underscored the urgent need for proactive mitigation strategies, especially as these hazards increasingly intersect with human activities, including agriculture and infrastructure development. In this study six advanced machine learning (ML) models were used to comprehensively assess the combined probability of three significant natural hazards: flooding, gully erosion, and landslides. These models rely on causal factors derived from reputable sources, including geology, topography, meteorology, human activities, and hydrology. The research's rigorous validation process, which includes metrics such as specificity, precision, sensitivity, and accuracy, underlines the robust performance of all six models. The validation process involved comparing the model's predictions with actual hazard occurrences over a specific period. According to the outcomes in terms of the area under curve (AUC), the XGBoost model emerged as the most predictive, with remarkable AUC values of 93.41% for landslides, 91.07% for gully erosion and 93.78% for flooding. Based on the overall findings of this study, a multi-hazard risk map was created using the relationship between flood risk, gully erosion, and landslides in a geographic information system (GIS) architecture. The innovative approach presented in this work, which combined ML algorithms with geographical data, demonstrates the power of these tools in sustainable land management and the protection of communities and their assets in the Moroccan High Atlas and regions with similar topographical, geological, and meteorological conditions that are vulnerable to the aforementioned risks.
Angiogenesis related genes based prognostic model of glioma patients developed by multi-omics approach
Authors: Liu Zhimin , Fan Hongjun , Liu XuKai , liu Chao 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Glioma, particularly glioblastoma (GBM), is a highly malignant brain tumor with poor prognosis despite current therapeutic approaches. The tumor microenvironment (TME), plays a crucial role in glioma progression by promoting invasion and drug resistance. Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, is a tightly regulated process involving endothelial cell activation, proliferation, and migration. In cancer, angiogenesis becomes dysregulated, leading to excessive blood vessel formation.

Methods
We enrolled bulk data of TCGA-LGG/GBM, CGGA-693, and CGGA-325 cohorts, scRNA data of GSE162631, GSE84465, and GSE138794 cohorts. Identification of malignant cells was conducted by “copycat” R package. The “AUCell” R package scored the activity of target gene set of each single cell. Consensus clustering was applied using the “ConsensusClusterPlus” R package, while tumor-infiltrating immune cells were determined using “IOBR” R package. To construct a prognostic model, we used LASSO and multiCOX algorithms based on the expression levels of the 15 hub genes, the efficacy of which was verified by KM and ROC analysis.

Results
We identified 4 different malignant cell subclusters in glioma and disclosed their distinct gene expression patterns and interactions within TME. We identified differentially expressed immune-related genes (DE-ARGs) in glioma and found 15 genes that were specifically expressed in the malignant glioma cell populations. Glioma cells with higher expression of these DE-ARGs were associated with gliogenesis, glial cell development, and vasculature development. We found that tumor-infiltrating monocytes were the main interacting cell type within glioma TME. Using the expression patterns of the 15 screened DE-ARGs, we categorized glioma samples into 2 molecular clusters with distinct immune features, suggesting a possible relationship between angiogenesis and immune activation and recruitment. We constructed a prognostic model based on the expression levels of the 15 DE-ARGs and evaluated its predictive ability for glioma patient outcomes, which displayed exceedingly high efficacy.

Conclusion
We characterized different malignant cell subclusters in glioma and investigate their gene expression patterns and interactions within TME. We constructed a prognostic model based on the expression levels of the 15 DE-ARGs and evaluated its predictive ability for glioma patient outcomes, which displayed exceedingly high efficacy.
Patient-Provider Communication and Colorectal Cancer Screening Completion Using Multi-target Stool DNA Testing
Authors: Zhu Xuan , Squiers Linda , Madson Gabriel , Helmueller Leah , Southwell Brian G. , Alam Shama , Finney Rutten Lila J. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening continues to be underutilized in the USA despite the availability of multiple effective, guideline-recommended screening options. Provider recommendation has been consistently shown to improve screening completion. Understanding how patient-provider communication influences CRC screening can inform interventions to improve screening completion. We developed a behavioral theory-informed survey to identify patient-provider communication factors associated with multi-target stool DNA (mt-sDNA) screening completion. The survey was administered by RTI International between 03/2022 and 06/2022 to a sample of US adults ages 45–75 who received a valid order for mt-sDNA screening with a shipping date between 5/2021 and 9/2021. Respondents completed an electronic or paper survey. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify patient-provider communication factors associated with mt-sDNA test completion. A total of 2973 participants completed the survey (response rate, 21.7%) and 81.6% of them (n = 2427) reported having had a conversation with provider about mt-sDNA testing before the test was ordered. Having a conversation with the provider about the test, including discussions about costs, the need for follow-up testing and test instructions were associated with higher odds of test completion and being “very likely” to use the test in the future. Lack of discussion about advantages and disadvantages of available CRC screening options and lack of patient involvement in CRC screening decision-making were associated with reduced odds of test completion and likelihood of future use. Healthcare providers play a key role in patient adherence to CRC screening and must be appropriately prepared and resourced to educate and to engage patients in shared decision-making about CRC screening.
Fundamental group of complex hypocycloids
Authors: Catalán-Ramírez Erich U. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe Zariski–van Kampen theorem allows us to provide a presentation of the fundamental group for the complement of algebraic plane curves. However, certain computations require arduous work, as exemplified in the case of hypocycloids. In this paper we present the following result: Theorem 1.The fundamental group of any complex hypocycloid withNcusps is the Artin group of theN-gon. The main idea of the proof is take advantage of the symmetries inherent in the hypocycloid, allowing us to partition the domain to determine the generators of the fundamental group.
The photothermal properties of hydrogel nanocomposite embedded with ZnO/CuO based on PVA/GA/activated carbon for solar-driven interfacial evaporation
Authors: Fargharazi M. , Bagheri-Mohagheghi M. M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractUsing the renewable energy, especially solar energy, is an environmental-friendly approach for seawater desalination. Solar evaporation is a promising freshwater harvesting strategy rich in energy, including solar and water energy. Herein, we propose a solar evaporation hybrid hydrogel including polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and glutaraldehyde (GA) as a polymer network, semiconductor oxide nanoparticles (ZnO, CuO) and activated carbon as a photothermal material. Structural properties of hybrid hydrogel were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, surface morphology by field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), chemical bonding by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and optical absorption and absorption coefficient (α) of components by UV–Vis spectroscopy. The result showed in visible region, PVA:ZnO:AC hydrogel nanocomposite has a strong absorption (55%) compare of the PVA:CuO:AC hydrogel nanocomposite (35%). In addition, by distillation measurements, the evaporator system demonstrated for PVA:CuO:AC and PVA:ZnO:AC Hydrogel an evaporation rate of 2.29 kg m−2 h−1 and 5.19 kg m−2 h−1 with the evaporation efficiency of 30.66% and 70.80%, respectively, under 0.1 sun irradiation. For PVA:CuO:AC hydrogel, the hardness of Caspian seawater decreased from 6648 to 115 ppm and ion conductance from 8641 (μS) to 244 (μS) and for the PVA:ZnO:AC Hydrogel decreased to 97 ppm and ion conductance to 206 (μS). Experiments showed that with changing type of the ZnO or CuO semiconductor oxide nanoparticles can effectively on regulate the optical properties of the evaporator. Eventually, this work begins a new point of synthesizing cost-effective photothermal absorbers based on metal oxides material and activated carbon nanocomposite.