bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Third Wave and the Third World
Authors: Bialecki Jon 
Published: June 2015

While a great deal of social science literature has examined the explosion of pentecostal and charismatic Christianity in the Global South as well as conservative and anti-modern forms of resurgent Christianity in the United States, little work has been done to investigate the causal effects of the former on the latter. Drawing from existing literature, interviews, and archives, this article contributes to filling that gap by arguing that in the mid-twentieth century, evangelical missionary concerns about competition from global Pentecostalism led to an intellectual crisis at the Fuller School of World Missions; this crisis in turn influenced important Third Wave figures such as John Wimber and C. Peter Wagner and is linked to key moments and developments in their thought and pedagogy.
Augustine and Pentecostals
Authors: Geerlof Derek M. 
Published: June 2015

This essay interacts with Augustine’s figurative interpretation of Ps 142 and a pentecostal priority to experience God in ways analogous to experience found within the narratives of Scripture. Contending that the Psalms are both historical and prophecy-fulfilled-in-Christ, Augustine interprets Ps 142 within the dual histories of David and Christ. This grounds his figurative interpretation firmly within scriptural narratives while providing a means of viewing the psalm as the prayerful expression of Christ’s own experience. His theology of the totus Christus then unites the experiences of the church and Christ, ensuring that Christian interpretation of an Old Testament experience does not bypass Christ. The telos of interpretation does not reside in the past, but in the present transformation and encounter of the church with the triune God.
William H. Durham and Early Pentecostalism
Authors: Richmann Christopher J. 
Published: June 2015

Scholars recognize William H. Durham as responsible for introducing a non-Wesleyan theology of sanctification into the early pentecostal movement. Because the controversy over Durham’s “finished work of Calvary” theology precipitated a rift in early Pentecostalism that had lasting institutional ramifications, Durham occupies a crucial place in pentecostal historiography. Yet, scholarly treatment of Durham has been hindered by misjudgments in three areas of inquiry. First, a series of unsupported historical details has led to a dubious timeline for the unveiling of the finished-work teaching. Second, the chronological errors have obscured the role of A.S. Copley in the early stages of pentecostal anti-Wesleyan theology. Third, a Durham-centered interpretation of the origins of Oneness Pentecostalism has distorted Durham’s basic soteriological insights.
Optimized Localization and Hybridization to Filter Ensemble-Based Covariances
Authors: Ménétrier Benjamin , Auligné Thomas 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Localization and hybridization are two methods used in ensemble data assimilation to improve the accuracy of sample covariances. It is shown in this paper that it is beneficial to consider them jointly in the framework of linear filtering of sample covariances. Following previous work on localization, an objective method is provided to optimize both localization and hybridization coefficients simultaneously. Theoretical and experimental evidence shows that if optimal weights are used, localized-hybridized sample covariances are always more accurate than their localized-only counterparts, whatever the static covariance matrix specified for the hybridization. Experimental results obtained using a 1000-member ensemble as a reference show that the method developed in this paper can efficiently provide localization and hybridization coefficients consistent with the variable, vertical level, and ensemble size. Spatially heterogeneous optimization is shown to improve the accuracy of the filtered covariances, and consideration of both vertical and horizontal covariances is proven to have an impact on the hybridization coefficients.
Assimilation of Tropical Cyclone Track and Wind Radius Data with an Ensemble Kalman Filter
Authors: Kunii Masaru 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Improving tropical cyclone (TC) forecasts is one of the most important issues in meteorology, but TC intensity forecasting is a challenging task. Because the lack of observations near TCs usually results in degraded accuracy of the initial fields, utilizing TC advisory data in data assimilation typically has started with an ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF). In this study, TC minimum sea level pressure (MSLP) and position information were directly assimilated using the EnKF, and the impacts of these observations were investigated by comparing different assimilation strategies. Another experiment with TC wind radius data was carried out to examine the influence of TC shape parameters. Sensitivity experiments indicated that the direct assimilation of TC MSLP and position data yielded results that were superior to those based on conventional assimilation of TC MSLP as a standard surface pressure observation. Assimilation of TC radius data modified the outer circulation of TCs closer to observations. The impacts of these TC parameters were also evaluated by using the case of Typhoon Talas in 2011. The TC MSLP, position, and wind radius data led to improved TC track forecasts and therefore to improved precipitation forecasts. These results imply that initialization with these TC-related observations benefits TC forecasting, offering promise for the prevention and mitigation of natural disasters caused by TCs.
Antecedent Atmospheric Conditions Related to Squall-Line Initiation over the Northern Coast of Brazil in July
Authors: Pereira de Oliveira Fernando , Oyama Marcos Daisuke 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The antecedent atmospheric conditions at midmorning (1200 UTC or 0900 LST) related to subsequent squall-line (SL) initiation in the late afternoon or early evening over the northern coast of Brazil (NCB) were obtained for a specific month (July) when the SL initiation is independent of the strong synoptic forcing related to the intertropical convergence zone. The cases of SL and sparse deep convection in the late afternoon or early evening over the NCB were identified both objectively and subjectively, and grouped into either the SL category (SLC) or the no-convection category (NOC). For the central area of the NCB, the vertical profiles at midmorning for SLC and NOC, computed from radiosonde and ERA-Interim data spanning 9 years (2004–12), were compared. By focusing on the significant differences for both datasets, it was found that two midmorning conditions are favorable to SL initiation in July: a moister layer between 850 and 350 hPa, and a northeasterly flow at 350 hPa. These regional conditions are part of a larger-scale pattern: moister (drier) conditions over the whole NCB (southeastern South America) at 700 hPa and more intense anticyclonic circulation over the Atlantic Ocean close to northeastern Brazil at 350 hPa. The paper’s findings have the potential to aid weather forecasting activities, such as those focused on the prediction of SL-related precipitation 6–12 h ahead.
An Initial Assessment of Radar Data Assimilation on Warm Season Rainfall Forecasts for Use in Hydrologic Models
Authors: Moser Ben A. , Gallus William A. , Mantilla Ricardo 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe effect of introducing radar data assimilation into the WRF Model to improve high-resolution rainfall forecasts that are used for flash flood forecasting is analyzed. The authors selected 12 heavy rainfall events and performed two WRF 24-h simulations that produced quantitative precipitation forecasts (QPFs) for each, one using the standard configuration in forecast mode (QPF-Cold) and one using radar data assimilated at initialization (QPF-Hot). Simulation outputs are compared with NWS stage IV QPEs for storm placement, area over threshold coverage, and equitable threat scores. The two QPF products and stage IV data are used to force the distributed hydrological model CUENCAS for the same 800 km × 800 km domain centered over Iowa (and to calculate peak flows across the river network). The hydrological model responses to the three products are compared in terms of spatial location and flood intensity. In general, QPF-Hot outperformed QPF-Cold in replicating stage IV QPE statistics. However, QPF-Hot was too wet in the first 2 h of the event, and storms created by the radar-assimilation techniques dissipated quickly, with rainfall forecasts resembling QPF-Cold after 12 h. Flash flooding predicted by CUENCAS using QPF-Hot was more consistent with stage IV in terms of placement and intensity; however, results were not consistent for all events evaluated. The most encouraging result is that expected flash flooding was indeed predicted in all 12 cases using QPF-Hot and not QPF-Cold even though placement and intensity were not a perfect match. The initial results of this study indicate that radar assimilation improves WRF’s ability to capture the character of storms, promising more accurate guidance for flash flood warnings.
The Subtropical Jet Stream Delivers the Coup de Grâce to Hurricane Felicia (2009)
Authors: Bukunt Brandon P. , Barnes Gary M. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The NOAA Gulfstream IV (G-IV) routinely deploys global positioning system dropwindsondes (GPS sondes) to sample the environment around hurricanes that threaten landfall in the United States and neighboring countries. Part of this G-IV synoptic surveillance flight pattern is a circumnavigation 300–350 km from the circulation center of the hurricane. Here, the GPS sondes deployed over two consecutive days around Hurricane Felicia (2009) as it approached Hawaii are examined. The circumnavigations captured only the final stages of decay of the once-category-4 hurricane. Satellite images revealed a rapid collapse of the deep convection in the eyewall region and the appearance of the low-level circulation center over ~8 h. Midlevel dry air associated with the Pacific high was present along portions of the circumnavigation but did not reach the eyewall region during the period of rapid dissipation of the deep clouds. In contrast, the subtropical jet stream (STJ) enhanced the deep-layer vertical shear of the horizontal wind (VWS; 850–200 hPa) to greater than 30 m s−1 first in the northwest quadrant; ~6 h later the STJ was estimated to reach the eyewall region of the hurricane and was nearly coincident with the dissipation of deep convection in the core of Felicia. Felicia’s demise is an example of the STJ enhancing the VWS and inhibiting intense hurricanes from making landfall in Hawaii. The authors speculate that VWS calculated over quadrants rather than entire annuli around a hurricane may be more appropriate for forecasting intensity change.
Evaluating Abdominal and Lower-Back Muscle Activity While Performing Core Exercises on a Stability Ball and a Dynamic Office Chair
Authors: Holmes Michael W. R. , De Carvalho Diana E. , Karakolis Thomas , Callaghan Jack P. 
Published: June 2015

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of a dynamic office chair to activate the core muscles while participants performed exercises sitting on the chair compared to a stability ball. Background: Prolonged sitting has become an accepted part of the modern office. However, epidemiological evidence suggests that sedentary postures are linked to many adverse effects on health. The concept of dynamic or active sitting is intended to promote movement while sitting to reduce the time spent in prolonged, static postures. Methods: Sixteen participants performed four pelvic rotation exercises (front-back, side-side, circular, and leg lift) on both a dynamic office chair and a stability ball. Muscle activity from 12 torso muscles were evaluated with surface electromyography. Results: For all exercises, trunk muscle activity on the chair was comparable to that on a stability ball. The right external oblique was the only muscle to produce greater peak activity ( p = .019) when using the ball compared to the chair (21.4 ± 14.0 percent maximal voluntary excitations (%MVE) and 14.7 ± 10.8 %MVE for the ball and chair, respectively). The left thoracic erector spinae produced greater average activity ( p = .044) on the chair than on the ball. Conclusion: These findings suggest that this dynamic sitting approach could be an effective tool for core muscle activation while promoting movement and exercise while sitting at work. Application: Muscle activations on the dynamic chair are comparable to those on a stability ball, and dynamic office chairs can promote movement and exercise while sitting at work.
Administrative Privatization and Employment Outcomes in the Implementation of Temporary Assistance to Needy Families
Authors: Butz Adam M. 
Published: June 2015

Background: Welfare reform in the 1990s encouraged states and localities to contract out cash assistance services to for-profit and nonprofit firms operating within the private sector. Although privatized welfare delivery was heralded in the wake of Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF), scant empirical research evaluates welfare privatization and its potential relationship with administrative quality and program outcomes. Objectives: This study examines the relationship between administrative privatization and TANF program outcomes, including work participation activities, unsubsidized employment, employment closure, and monthly earnings, across a large sample of individual welfare clients in the state of Florida. Results: The results of methodologically appropriate hierarchical linear models demonstrate that ownership variables seldom enhance the quality of TANF outcomes, suggesting that privatization alone is not an administrative panacea in human support services. Although direct privatization effects are often found to be substantively small and inconsistent in terms of service quality improvement, in closed-case models, there is evidence that nonprofit welfare delivery is associated with superior TANF employment closure outcomes.
Identity, Nations and the Requirements of Global Justice: Limits of the Debate in Democratic Politics
Authors: Chaudhuri Basudeb 
Published: June 2015

How do we, as individuals, communities and nations, arbitrate between the requirements of justice or our sense of justice, at the local or national level, as compared to our idea of justice in the world at large? Is the demand for global justice a demand for greater equality among nations, for systems of just global governance to manage an increasingly interconnected world of increasing complexity, or just another utopian ideal? This article seeks to bring together two separate debates in contemporary social sciences and social philosophy to discuss these questions. The first part of this article examines questions of identity, individual and collective, and the expressions and practice of nationalism that forms the basis of international exchanges based on the debates between communitarian and universalist social philosophers. The second part of the article analyzes how the idea of global justice, and in particular, international distributive justice, is limited or constrained by the questions of identity and nationalism under the democratic and institutional compulsions of nation states, even when they accept the necessity of institutions of global governance. The later work of Rawls and their extensions are a common thread in these two debates. JEL: F6, F52, F54, D63
The Dynamics of Intergenerational Family Abuse: A Focus on Child Maltreatment and Violence and Abuse in Intimate Relationships
Authors: Abramovaite Juste , Bandyopadhyay Siddhartha , Dixon Louise 
Published: June 2015

The intergenerational cycle of violence hypothesis (often summarily described as ‘violence begets violence’) refers to assumptions or hypotheses about the consequences of child abuse and neglect in relation to a number of different outcomes, including its perpetuation across generations. This article reviews some of the channels by which this cycle of abuse can be perpetuated and suggests that this may occur without any genetic link. A mechanism for such transmission is suggested. It also critically analyzes the empirical literature and the implications of incorrectly identifying an intergenerational transmission mechanism. While the majority of the empirical papers find evidence of the intergenerational cycle, a large number of them do not control for endogeneity or have other methodological flaws. It discusses evidence on effectiveness of policies and concludes by pointing out the need for careful design to correctly capture the underlying relationship between experiencing childhood abuse and neglect and perpetrating child abuse in adulthood. JEL: Z13, I18
Sexual Violence: A Model of Occupational Choice and Gender Wage Gap
Authors: Gangopadhyay Kausik 
Published: June 2015

Surge in sexual violence in India is a public concern in the recent times. I present the stylized facts regarding rapes in India over time and contrast them to the global data. Incidence of rape is positively associated with per capita income of a country and to female participation in the labour force. The documented empirical facts may not be representative of the reality because of many unreported incidences. Even though, we accept the empirical facts on their face value, these facts may not represent general rise in crime levels but a shift in occupational choice for women who are increasingly into non-traditional roles. I build a theoretical model where a woman has the choice to work in non-traditional sector as opposed to a traditional one. The model predicts that the gender gap in wages will reduce with technological progress but the sexual assault will register a rise. This will result in intensification in public demand for infrastructure that makes woman safe in their non-traditional role. JEL: J16, J62, O33
Regional dGEMRIC analysis in patients at risk of osteoarthritis provides additional information about activity related changes in cartilage structure
Authors: Hawezi ZK , Lammentausta E , Svensson J , Roos EM , Dahlberg LE , Tiderius CJ 
Published: June 2015

Background Previously, a positive effect of exercise on cartilage structure was indicated with delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of cartilage (dGEMRIC). However, in that study only one full-thickness region of interest (ROI) in the medial femoral condyle was analyzed. Purpose To improve the knowledge about exercise effects on cartilage structure by re-analyzing previous images with regional dGEMRIC analysis. Material and Methods Thirty patients (age range, 38–50 years) with a previous medial meniscus resection were divided into three groups according to self-reported change in physical activity (PA) level in a 4-month exercise intervention study: Group I ( n = 11), increased PA level; Group II ( n = 13), no change in PA level; and Group III ( n = 6), reduced PA level. dGEMRIC index was analyzed at inclusion and after 4 months. Anterior (less load) and posterior (more load) ROIs of medial and lateral femoral condyles were analyzed, as well as superficial and deep cartilage regions. Results Group I increased the dGEMRIC index in the posterior cartilage ( P = 0.004). The increase was larger in the lateral ( P = 0.005) than the medial compartment in both superficial and deep cartilage regions. The dGEMRIC index did not change in Group II. In Group III, the dGEMRIC index decreased in the medial posterior cartilage ( P = 0.03). Conclusion In patients with a previous medial meniscectomy, the beneficial effect of exercise varies between different locations within the joint, the largest improvement being observed in lateral posterior cartilage, i.e. the load-bearing cartilage in the compartment without a meniscus lesion. The effects of exercise do not seem to vary with cartilage depth.
Magnetic resonance arthrography of the hip: prevalence of diagnoses not suspected by the referring physician and correlation with clinical examination and pain score
Authors: Neiman Maor , Halshtok Neiman Osnat , Aharoni Dvora , Liberman Boaz , Adar Eliyahu , Eshed Iris 
Published: June 2015

Background Magnetic resonance arthrography (MRA) of the hip is the most sensitive imaging modality for intra-articular pathologies such as labral tears. Purpose To evaluate the prevalence of non-suspected pathologies revealed by hip MRA and correlate them to physical examination/pain level. Material and Methods All hip MRAs (2011–2013) were retrospectively evaluated for intra- and extra-articular pathologies in consensus by two readers. A clinical score (0–7)/pain score (0–10) was calculated for each patient based on orthopedic test results extracted from referral forms/a telephone questionnaire. Patients were divided into four groups according to MRA findings: intra-articular expected (targeted) pathology only; intra-articular targeted and additional non-targeted (unexpected) pathology; non-targeted pathology; and no pathology. Pathologies prevalence/clinical score/pain score were compared between the groups. Results A total of 229 MRAs were included (127 men, 102 women; mean age, 36.5 ± 14.17 years): 111(48.4%) patients had solely intra-articular targeted pathology. Significant non-targeted pathologies were detected in 76 (33%) patients (targeted and non-targeted, 51; non-targeted only 25). No significant pathology was detected in 42 patients (18%). Mean physical examination score was 2.77 ± 1.77, range 0–7. There was no significant difference or correlation (r = 0.017, P = 0.804) between the clinical scores of the different MRA pathology groups. Pain score (143 patients) was significantly higher in the non-targeted pathology group compared to the targeted and non-targeted group ( P = 0.04) and to the no pathology group ( P = 0.04). There was no correlation between the physical examination score and the pain score (r = 0.017, P = 0.804). Conclusion Unsuspected non-targeted pathologies were detected in 33% of hip MRA. Physical examination/pain level could not differentiate between patients.
Validation of circulating BNP level >1000 pg/ml in all-cause mortality: A retrospective study
Authors: Sakamoto Daisuke , Sakamoto Shigeru , Kanda Tsugiyasu 
Published: June 2015

Aim To determine the primary diseases and prognoses of patients with highly elevated levels of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP; >1000 pg/ml), with or without heart failure. Methods Medical records and echocardiograms of patients with BNP levels that fell within one of three predetermined categories (>1000 pg/ml, 200–1000 pg/ml and <200 pg/ml) were retrospectively reviewed. Results There were no significant between-group differences in duration of hospitalization. Patients with BNP levels >1000 pg/ml ( n = 103) or 200–1000 pg/ml ( n = 100) had significantly worse 3-year survival than those with BNP levels <200 pg/ml ( n = 100). The majority of patients (64/103) in the BNP >1000 pg/ml group had heart failure. The main cause of death in patients with other causes of BNP levels >1000 pg/ml (39/103) was community acquired pneumonia. Conclusion A BNP level >1000 pg/ml has clinical importance in primary care medicine and hospital settings.