bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling of a Composite Piezoelectric/Shape Memory Alloy Cantilevered Beam for Vibration Energy Harvesting
Authors: Rhimi Mohamed , Lajnef Nizar 
Published: July 2013

Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) and Shape memory alloys (SMA) smart composites have been previously investigated for use as actuators. SMAs exhibit a high actuating strain but responds slowly, while PZTs supply small actuation with a fast response. The composite can be tailored to control its shape when subjected to different loads, thus leading to multiple functions actuators. In this study, the concept is applied in the design of energy harvesting devices for self-tuning and control of the output response. The material type and the composite fractions properties can be optimized to tune the system’s response in order to achieve maximum output and to compensate for the external environmental effects such as temperature.
In this paper, the energy harvesting capabilities of a cantilevered composite beam, containing piezoelectric ceramic and shape memory alloy cylindrical inclusions, are studied. The system is subject to base excitation input load. Only non-prestrained SMA inclusions are considered. A model based on the mean field theory, linear piezoelectricity, and one dimensional constitutive behavior of shape memory alloys is developed to describe the effect of SMA inclusions on the time and the frequency response of the composite. The PZT and the matrix behaviors are considered linear. The overall response of the composite is highly non-linear due to the phase transformation within the SMA inclusions. A preliminary analysis of the variations of the frequency response, the time response, the power output, and the efficiency of the device with respect to the materials fractions is presented. The temperature effects are also investigated.
Influence of Sensor Statistics on Piezoelectric and Magneto-Elastic Damage Detection
Authors: Conrad David , Zagrai Andrei , Meisner Daniel 
Published: July 2013

Increasing complexity of aerospace structures facilitates a growing need for structural health monitoring (SHM) systems capable of real-time active damage detection. A variety of sensing approaches have been demonstrated using embedded ultrasonic sensors such as piezoelectric wafer active sensors (PWAS) and magneto-elastic active sensors (MEAS). Common methodologies consider wave propagation (pitch-catch or pulse-echo) and standing wave (vibration or impedance) techniques with damage detection capabilities dependent upon structural geometry, material characteristics, distance to damage and damage size/orientation. While recent studies have employed damage detection and classification approaches that are dependent on cumulative statistics, this study explores the contribution of sensor parameters and experimental setup variability on the damage detection scheme. The impact of variability in PWAS and MEAS are considered on sensor use in ultrasonic and magneto-mechanical impedance damage detection.
In order to isolate sensor parameters, measurements were conducted with PWAS in free-free boundary conditions. Variability of PWAS parameters was evaluated by measuring the sensors impedance response. An analytical model of PWAS was used to estimate sensor parameters and to determine their variability. Additionally, experiments using MEAS were performed that demonstrate variation of magneto-mechanical impedance during structural dynamic tests. From these experiments the importance of sensor setup is discussed and its contribution into the overall detection scheme is explored.
Imaging at London 2012 summer Olympic Games: analysis of demand and distribution of workload
Authors: Bethapudi Sarath , Budgett Richard , Engebretsen Lars , O'Connor Philip 
Published: July 2013

BackgroundVery little data on the provision of imaging services at the summer Olympic Games have been published before. With 7.9 million Euros (£6.6 million, US$11 million) invested into setting up the imaging equipment at the purpose-built polyclinics for London 2012 summer Olympics, an ideal opportunity was presented to study the demand and distribution of workload on imaging services at the games.SettingImaging services within polyclinics, London 2012 summer Olympic Games.AimsTo analyse the demand and distribution of workload on radiology services at the London 2012 summer Olympic Games.MethodsData on radiological investigations performed at London 2012 summer Olympic Games were retrieved from Radiology Information System-picture archiving communication system, ATOS medical encounter database and analysed.Results1711 diagnostic and interventional procedures were performed at the Stratford Polyclinic within the main games village. Of these 48.8% were MRI scans, 20.2% were diagnostic ultrasound examinations, 23.6% were plain radiographs, 2.9% were CT scans and interventional procedures accounted for 4.3%. Nearly 75% of imaging was performed on athletes while less than 5% of the services were utilised by the workforce. Demand on radiology services peaked during week 2 of the games.ConclusionsImaging played a substantial role in providing medical services at the London 2012 summer Olympics.
Increased risk of injury following red and yellow cards, injuries and goals in FIFA World Cups
Authors: Ryynänen Jaakko , Dvorak Jiri , Peterson Lars , Kautiainen Hannu , Karlsson Jón , Junge Astrid , Börjesson Mats 
Published: July 2013

ObjectiveTo study the relationship between potentially game-disrupting incidents (PGDIs; red and yellow cards, goals and injuries) and the injury incidence in football.DesignProspective injury surveillance during three FIFA World Cups in 2002, 2006 and 2010. Official match statistics were obtained for all the matches played in the three tournaments.Setting2002, 2006 and 2010 FIFA World Cups.ParticipantsTeam physicians at the 2002, 2006 and 2010 FIFA World Cups.Main outcome measuresInjury incidences and incidence rate ratios (IRRs).ResultsThe injury incidence was significantly higher during match periods within the minute of, or during a five-minute period following a yellow card, red card, another injury or a goal (PGDIs) than during other match periods (76.7/1000 match hours; 95% CI (66.6 to 87.9) vs 54.0/1000 match hours (46.9 to 61.9), p<0.001). There were significant differences in injury incidence between different match periods, with the highest injury incidence seen in the last 15 min of the first half (p<0.001). The PGDIs (other than injury) had a tendency to increase towards the end of the game and the most frequent PGDI was a yellow card. There was a risk ratio of 1.17 (95% CI 1.08 to 1.26) for injury, per PGDI (other injuries excluded) (p<0.001), and 1.15 (95% CI 1.06 to 1.24) after adjusted match time (p<0.001).ConclusionsThe injury incidence is high within the five minutes following a PGDI. For both team management and players, being aware of the increased risk of injury directly after a PGDI may be of clinical relevance, as it may enable them to take precautions in order to prevent injuries. There are significant differences in injury incidence between different match periods and game-related factors, such as PGDIs, appear partly to contribute to this variation.
Defining the illness trajectory of metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Reed Elizabeth , Corner Jessica 
Published: July 2013

BackgroundWith significant developments in the management of metastatic breast cancer, the trajectory of progressive breast cancer is becoming increasingly complex with little understanding of the illness course experienced by women, or their ongoing problems and needs.AimThis study set out to systematically explore the illness trajectory of metastatic breast cancer using models from chronic illness as a framework.DesignLongitudinal mixed methods studies detailing each woman's illness trajectory were developed by triangulating of narrative interviews, medical and nursing documentation and an assessment of functional ability using the Karnofsky Scale. The Corbin and Strauss Chronic Illness Trajectory Framework was used as a theoretical framework for the study.ParticipantsTen women aged between 40 and 78 years, with metastatic breast cancer.ResultsWomen’s illness trajectories from diagnosis of metastatic disease ranged from 13 months to 5 years and 9 months. Eight of the 10 women died during the study. Chronic illness trajectory phases identified by Corbin and Strauss (pretrajectory, trajectory onset, living with progressive disease, downward phase and dying phase) were experienced by women with metastatic breast cancer. Three typical trajectories of different duration and intensity were identified. Women's lives were dominated by the physical burden of disease and treatment with little evidence of symptom control or support.ConclusionsThis is the first study to systematically explore the experience of women over time to define the metastatic breast cancer illness trajectory and provides evidence that current care provision is inadequate. Alternative models of care which address women's increasingly complex problems are needed.
Biomarker-Based Ovarian Carcinoma Typing: A Histologic Investigation in the Ovarian Tumor Tissue Analysis Consortium
Authors: Köbel Martin , Kalloger Steve E. , Lee Sandra , Duggan Máire A. , Kelemen Linda E. , Prentice Leah , Kalli Kimberly R. , Fridley Brooke L. , Visscher Daniel W. , Keeney Gary L. , Vierkant Robert A. , Cunningham Julie M. , Chow Christine , Ness Roberta B. , Moysich Kirsten , Edwards Robert , Modugno Francesmary , Bunker Clareann , Wozniak Eva L. , Benjamin Elizabeth , Gayther Simon A. , Gentry-Maharaj Aleksandra , Menon Usha , Gilks C. Blake , Huntsman David G. , Ramus Susan J. , Goode Ellen L. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Background: Ovarian carcinoma is composed of five major histologic types, which associate with outcome and predict therapeutic response. Our aim was to evaluate histologic type assessments across the centers participating in the Ovarian Tumor Tissue Analysis (OTTA) consortium using an immunohistochemical (IHC) prediction model.
Methods: Tissue microarrays (TMA) and clinical data were available for 524 pathologically confirmed ovarian carcinomas. Centralized IHC was conducted for ARID1A, CDKN2A, DKK1, HNF1B, MDM2, PGR, TP53, TFF3, VIM, and WT1, and three histologic type assessments were compared: the original pathologic type, an IHC-based calculated type (termed TB_COSPv2), and a WT1-assisted TMA core review.
Results: The concordance between TB_COSPv2 type and original type was 73%. Applying WT1-assisted core review, the remaining 27% discordant cases subdivided into unclassifiable (6%), TB_COSPv2 error (6%), and original type error (15%). The largest discordant subgroup was classified as endometrioid carcinoma by original type and as high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) by TB_COSPv2. When TB_COSPv2 classification was used, the difference in overall survival of endometrioid carcinoma compared with HGSC became significant [RR 0.60; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.37–0.93; P = 0.021], consistent with previous reports. In addition, 71 cases with unclear original type could be histologically classified by TB_COSPv2.
Conclusions: Research cohorts, particularly those across different centers within consortia, show significant variability in original histologic type diagnosis. Our IHC-based reclassification produced more homogeneous types with respect to outcome than original type.
Impact: Biomarker-based classification of ovarian carcinomas is feasible, improves comparability of results across research studies, and can reclassify cases which lack reliable original pathology. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 22(10); 1677–86. ©2013 AACR.
Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Reductase Genes Are not Associated with Response to Daunorubicin-Based Remission Induction
Authors: Lubieniecka Joanna M. , Liu Jie , Graham Jinko , Heffner Daniel , Reid Ronald , Hogge Donna , Grigliatti Tom A. , Riggs Wayne K. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Background: To improve the quality of care for patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), biomarkers predictive of response to the standard daunorubicin-based induction therapy are needed. Genetic variants affecting daunorubicin metabolism are attractive candidates for such biomarkers.
Methods: We have previously shown that 13 of the naturally occurring nonsynonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the reductase genes affect daunorubicin metabolism in vitro. Here, we test these SNPs individually and jointly for association with response to one cycle of daunorubicin-based chemotherapy in a sample of 189 patients with acute myelogenous leukemia.
Results: Of the 13 SNPs included in this study, only 5 passed quality control filters. No association was found between these 5 SNPs and response to one cycle of daunorubicin-based induction therapy in either individual or joint effect tests.
Conclusions: Despite their showing in vitro effect on metabolic rate of daunorubicin, the nonsynonymous SNPs in the reductase genes on their own are not significant contributors to the observed variability in response to daunorubicin therapy and thus, as singularities, are not useful biomarkers of this outcome.
Impact: The results of this investigation provide important information for studies on personalization of anthracycline-based therapies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 22(10); 1918–20. ©2013 AACR.
Protein Kinase C-δ–Mediated Recycling of Active KIT in Colon Cancer
Authors: Park Misun , Kim Won Kyu , Song Meiying , Park Minhee , Kim Hyunki , Nam Hye Jin , Baek Sung Hee , Kim Hoguen 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Purpose: Abnormal signaling through receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) moieties is important in tumorigenesis and drug targeting of colorectal cancers. Wild-type KIT (WT-KIT), a RTK that is activated upon binding with stem cell factor (SCF), is highly expressed in some colon cancers; however, little is known about the functional role of SCF-dependent KIT activation in colon cancer pathogenesis. We aimed to elucidate the conditions and roles of WT-KIT activation in colon cancer tumorigenesis.
Experimental Design: Colorectal cancers with KIT expression were characterized by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry. The biologic alterations after KIT-SCF binding were analyzed with or without protein kinase C (PKC) activation.
Results: We found that WT-KIT was expressed in a subset of colon cancer cell lines and was activated by SCF, leading to activation of downstream AKT and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathways. We also showed that KIT expression gradually decreased, after prolonged SCF stimulation, due to lysosomal degradation. Degradation of WT-KIT after SCF binding was significantly rescued when PKC was activated. We also showed the involvement of activated PKC-δ in the recycling of WT-KIT. We further showed that a subset of colorectal cancers exhibit expressions of both WT-KIT and activated PKC-δ and that expression of KIT is correlated with poor patient survival (P = 0.004).
Conclusions: Continuous downstream signal activation after KIT-SCF binding is accomplished through PKC-δ–mediated recycling of KIT. This sustained KIT activation may contribute to tumor progression in a subset of colon cancers with KIT expression and might provide the rationale for a therapeutic approach targeting KIT. Clin Cancer Res; 19(18); 4961–71. ©2013 AACR.
Perioperative Influenza Vaccination Reduces Postoperative Metastatic Disease by Reversing Surgery-Induced Dysfunction in Natural Killer Cells
Authors: Tai Lee-Hwa , Zhang Jiqing , Scott Karen J. , de Souza Christiano Tanese , Alkayyal Almohanad A. , Ananth Anu Abhirami , Sahi Shalini , Adair Robert A. , Mahmoud Ahmad B. , Sad Subash , Bell John C. , Makrigiannis Andrew P. , Melcher Alan A. , Auer Rebecca C. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Purpose: Surgical removal of solid primary tumors is an essential component of cancer treatment. Surgery-induced dysfunction in natural killer (NK) cells has been linked to the development of metastases in animal models and patients with cancer. We investigated the activation of NK cells using influenza vaccine in the perioperative period to eradicate micrometastatic disease.
Experimental Design: Both the B16lacZ and 4T1 tumor models in immunocompetent mice were used to assess the in vivo efficacy of perioperative influenza vaccine administration. In healthy human donors and cancer surgery patients, we assessed NK cell function pre- and post-influenza vaccination using both in vivo and ex vivo assays.
Results: Using the TLR3 agonist poly(I:C), we showed as proof-of-principle that perioperative administration of a nonspecific innate immune stimulant can inhibit surgery-induced dysfunction in NK cells and attenuate metastases. Next, we assessed a panel of prophylactic vaccines for NK cell activation and determined that inactivated influenza vaccine was the best candidate for perioperative administration. Perioperative influenza vaccine significantly reduced tumor metastases and improved NK cytotoxicity in preclinical tumor models. Significantly, IFNα is the main cytokine mediator for the therapeutic effect of influenza vaccination. In human studies, influenza vaccine significantly enhanced NK cell activity in healthy human donors and cancer surgery patients.
Conclusion: These results provide the preclinical rationale to pursue future clinical trials of perioperative NK cell activation, using vaccination in cancer surgery patients. Research into perioperative immune therapy is warranted to prevent immune dysfunction following surgery and eradicate metastatic disease. Clin Cancer Res; 19(18); 5104–15. ©2013 AACR.
Phase III Trials of Targeted Anticancer Therapies: Redesigning the Concept
Authors: Ocana Alberto , Amir Eitan , Vera-Badillo Francisco , Seruga Bostjan , Tannock Ian F. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Randomized phase III trials provide the gold-standard evidence for the approval of new drugs: an experimental treatment is compared with the current standard of care to identify clinically relevant differences in a predefined endpoint. However, there are several problems relating to the current role of phase III trials in drug development including the limited clinical benefit observed for some approved agents, the necessity for large trials to detect these differences, the inability of such trials to identify rare but important toxicities, and high cost. The design of phase III trials evaluating drug combinations, and those including biomarkers, presents additional challenges. Here, we review these problems and suggest that phase III trials with adaptive designs in selected prescreened populations could reduce these limitations. Clin Cancer Res; 19(18); 4931–40. ©2013 AACR.
Prognostic Value of Access and Non–Access Sites Bleeding After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Ndrepepa Gjin , Neumann Franz-Josef , Richardt Gert , Schulz Stefanie , Tölg Ralph , Stoyanov Kiril M. , Gick Michael , Ibrahim Tareq , Fiedler Katrin Anette , Berger Peter B. , Laugwitz Karl-Ludwig , Kastrati Adnan 
Published: July 2013

Background—
Little is known about the impact of bleeding site on mortality after percutaneous coronary intervention. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of access and non–access site bleeding within 30 days after percutaneous coronary intervention on mortality.

Methods and Results—

This study represents a pooled patient-level analysis of 14 180 patients recruited in 7 randomized trials. Access and non–access site bleeding were assessed using the Bleeding Academic Research Consortium criteria. The primary outcome was 1-year mortality. Follow-up was complete in 97.5% of the patients. There were 414 deaths within the first year after percutaneous coronary intervention: 44 deaths among patients with access site bleeding, 60 deaths among patients with non–access site bleeding, and 310 deaths among patients without bleeding (Kaplan–Meier estimates of mortality, 4.5%, 10.0%, and 2.5%, respectively; adjusted hazard ratio, 1.72 [95% confidence interval, 1.19–2.47] for access site bleeding versus no bleeding; hazard ratio, 2.78 [2.00–3.86] for non–access site versus no bleeding). The inclusion of non–access site bleeding (the absolute and relative integrated discrimination improvement, 0.005 and 8.9%;
P
=0.031) but not of access site bleeding (the absolute and relative integrated discrimination improvement, 0.0015 and 2.7%;
P
=0.084) was associated with an improvement of the discriminatory power of multivariable model for mortality prediction.

Conclusions—
Both access and non–access site bleeding events occurring within 30 days of a percutaneous coronary intervention are independently associated with an increased risk of 1-year mortality. Non–access site bleeding is a stronger correlate of mortality than access site bleeding, and it improves the discriminatory power of models for mortality prediction.
Influence of Diabetes Mellitus on Inappropriate and Appropriate Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Therapy and Mortality in the Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial–Reduce Inappropriate Therapy (MADIT-RIT) Trial
Authors: Ruwald Martin H. , Zareba Wojciech , Jons Christian , Zhang Claire , Ruwald Anne-Christine H. , Olshansky Brian , McNitt Scott , Bloch Thomsen Poul Erik , Shoda Morio , Merkely Bela , Moss Arthur J. , Kutyifa Valentina 
Published: July 2013

Background—
The relationship between diabetes mellitus and risk of inappropriate or appropriate therapy in patients receiving an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) and resynchronization therapy has not been investigated thoroughly. The effect of innovative ICD programming on therapy delivery in these patients is unknown.

Methods and Results—

The Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial–Reduce Inappropriate Therapy (MADIT-RIT) randomized patients with a primary prophylactic ICD indication to 3 different types of ICD programming: conventional programming with a ventricular tachycardia zone of 170 to 199 bpm (arm A), high-rate cutoff with a ventricular tachycardia zone ≥200 bpm (arm B), or 60-second-delayed therapy (arm C). The end points of inappropriate therapy, appropriate therapy, and death were assessed among 485 patients with and 998 without diabetes mellitus. Innovative ICD programming reduced the risk of inappropriate therapy regardless of diabetes mellitus, although a trend toward a more pronounced effect of high-rate cutoff programming was seen in patients without diabetes mellitus (
P
for interaction=0.06). Diabetes mellitus was associated with a decreased risk of inappropriate therapy (hazard ratio, 0.54; 95% confidence interval, 0.36–0.80;
P
=0.002) and increased risk of appropriate therapy (hazard ratio, 1.58; 95% confidence interval, 1.17–2.14;
P
=0.003). In diabetic patients, there was significantly increased risk of death in those who had inappropriate therapy (hazard ratio, 4.17; 95% confidence interval, 1.52–11.40;
P
=0.005) and appropriate therapy (hazard ratio, 2.49; 95% confidence interval, 1.06–5.87;
P
=0.037) compared with those who did not.

Conclusions—
Innovative high-rate cutoff or delayed ICD programming was associated with a reduction in inappropriate therapy in patients with and without diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus was associated with lower risk of inappropriate therapy but higher risk of appropriate therapy. Appropriate and inappropriate ICD therapy was associated with increased mortality in diabetic patients.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00947310.