bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La construction passive en ‘se faire’: une forme concurrente et complémentaire du passif canonique
Authors: LE BELLEC CHRISTEL 
Published: February 2013

RÉSUMÉL'objectif de ce travail est de déterminer la raison d'être de deux formes passives concurrentes en français, à savoir la passive canonique enêtresuivi du participe passé, comme:Jean a été renvoyé de son travailet la passive ense fairesuivi du verbe à l'infinitif, comme:Jean s'est fait renvoyer de son travail. Ainsi, nous examinerons les contraintes aspectuelles qui pèsent sur le passif canonique et qui peuvent obliger le locuteur à utiliser la passive ense faire, ce qui en fait une construction complémentaire. De plus, nous verrons que l'idée traditionnellement répandue dans la littérature selon laquelle la différence entre les deux constructions se situerait au niveau de la responsabilité du référent du sujet, doit être abandonnée au profit d'une différence sémantique reposant sur l'affectation du référent du sujet.
Very low food security in the USA is linked with exposure to violence
Authors: Chilton Mariana M , Rabinowich Jenny R , Woolf Nicholas H 
Published: February 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate characteristics of exposure to violence in relation to food security status among female-headed households.DesignOngoing mixed-method participatory action study. Questions addressed food insecurity, public assistance, and maternal and child health. Grounded theory analysis of qualitative themes related to violence was performed. These themes were then categorized by food security status.SettingHomes of low-income families in Philadelphia, PA, USA.SubjectsForty-four mothers of children under 3 years of age participating in public assistance programmes.ResultsForty women described exposure to violence ranging from fear of violence to personal experiences with rape. Exposure to violence affected mental health, ability to continue school and obtain work with living wages, and subsequently the ability to afford food. Exposure to violence during childhood and being a perpetrator of violence were both linked to very low food security status and depressive symptoms. Ten of seventeen (59 %) participants reporting very low food security described life-changing violence, compared with three of fifteen (20 %) participants reporting low food security and four of twelve (33 %) reporting food security. Examples of violent experiences among the very low food secure group included exposure to child abuse, neglect and rape that suggest exposure to violence is an important factor in the experience of very low food security.ConclusionsDescriptions of childhood trauma and life-changing violence are linked with severe food security. Policy makers and clinicians should incorporate violence prevention efforts when addressing hunger.
Intrastriatal gene delivery of GDNF persistently attenuates methamphetamine self-administration and relapse in mice
Authors: Yan Yijin , Miyamoto Yoshiaki , Nitta Atsumi , Muramatsu Shin-ichi , Ozawa Keiya , Yamada Kiyofumi , Nabeshima Toshitaka 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Relapse of drug abuse after abstinence is a major challenge to the treatment of addicts. In our well-established mouse models of methamphetamine (Meth) self-administration and reinstatement, bilateral microinjection of adeno-associated virus vectors expressing GDNF (AAV-Gdnf) into the striatum significantly reduced Meth self-administration, without affecting locomotor activity. Moreover, the intrastriatal AAV-Gdnf attenuated cue-induced reinstatement of Meth-seeking behaviour in a sustainable manner. In addition, this manipulation showed that Meth-primed reinstatement of Meth-seeking behaviour was reduced. These findings suggest that the AAV vector-mediated Gdnf gene transfer into the striatum is an effective and sustainable approach to attenuate Meth self-administration and Meth-associated cue-induced relapsing behaviour and that the AAV-mediated Gdnf gene transfer in the brain may be a valuable gene therapy against drug dependence and protracted relapse in clinical settings.
Exploring the structure and function of Thermotoga maritima CorA reveals the mechanism of gating and ion selectivity in Co2+/Mg2+ transport
Authors: Nordin Nurhuda , Guskov Albert , Phua Terri , Sahaf Newsha , Xia Yu , Lu Siyan , Eshaghi Hojjat , Eshaghi Said 
Published: February 2013

The CorA family of divalent cation transporters utilizes Mg2+ and Co2+ as primary substrates. The molecular mechanism of its function, including ion selectivity and gating, has not been fully characterized. Recently we reported a new structure of a CorA homologue from Methanocaldococcus jannaschii, which provided novel structural details that offered the conception of a unique gating mechanism involving conversion of an open hydrophilic gate into a closed hydrophobic one. In the present study we report functional evidence for this novel gating mechanism in the Thermotoga maritima CorA together with an improved crystal structure of this CorA to 2.7 Å (1 Å=0.1 nm) resolution. The latter reveals the organization of the selectivity filter to be similar to that of M. jannaschii CorA and also the previously unknown organization of the second signature motif of the CorA family. The proposed gating is achieved by a helical rotation upon the binding of a metal ion substrate to the regulatory binding sites. Additionally, our data suggest that the preference of this CorA for Co2+ over Mg2+ is controlled by the presence of threonine side chains in the channel. Finally, the roles of the intracellular metal-binding sites have been assigned to increased thermostability and regulation of the gating. These mechanisms most likely apply to the entire CorA family as they are regulated by the highly conserved amino acids.
Poisson factor models with applications to non-normalized microRNA profiling
Authors: Lee Seonjoo , Chugh Pauline E. , Shen Haipeng , Eberle R. , Dittmer Dirk P. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Motivation: Next-generation (NextGen) sequencing is becoming increasingly popular as an alternative for transcriptional profiling, as is the case for micro RNAs (miRNA) profiling and classification. miRNAs are a new class of molecules that are regulated in response to differentiation, tumorigenesis or infection. Our primary motivating application is to identify different viral infections based on the induced change in the host miRNA profile. Statistical challenges are encountered because of special features of NextGen sequencing data: the data are read counts that are extremely skewed and non-negative; the total number of reads varies dramatically across samples that require appropriate normalization. Statistical tools developed for microarray expression data, such as principal component analysis, are sub-optimal for analyzing NextGen sequencing data.
Results: We propose a family of Poisson factor models that explicitly takes into account the count nature of sequencing data and automatically incorporates sample normalization through the use of offsets. We develop an efficient algorithm for estimating the Poisson factor model, entitled Poisson Singular Value Decomposition with Offset (PSVDOS). The method is shown to outperform several other normalization and dimension reduction methods in a simulation study. Through analysis of an miRNA profiling experiment, we further illustrate that our model achieves insightful dimension reduction of the miRNA profiles of 18 samples: the extracted factors lead to more accurate and meaningful clustering of the cell lines.
Availability: The PSVDOS software is available on request.
Contact: ddittmer@med.unc.edu
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Long‐term Changes in Fruit Phenology in a West African Lowland Tropical Rain Forest are Not Explained by Rainfall
Authors: Polansky Leo , Boesch Christophe 
Published: February 2013

AbstractDecreases in rainfall have been proposed to have a negative impact on tropical rain forests, and West Africa is currently experiencing a decline in rainfall at the multi‐decadal scale. Here, we present analyses of a long‐term dataset on the plant fruiting status from individuals of 44 species of the tropical rain forest of Taï National Park, Côte d'Ivoire. This study includes records of 1401 individuals collected at monthly intervals for over 12 yr, 984 of which survived throughout the entire study period. The aims of this study were to: (1) quantitate inter‐annual trends in species and forest scale fruit presence; and (2) test the importance of rainfall in explaining inter‐annual fruit presence variability. Long‐term upward trends in the expected proportion of individuals with fruits were found for the majority of species, while no significant downward trends were detected, driving a significant upward trend at the community level. Peak production months of the upward trending species were not associated with the dry or wet season. Significant rainfall correlations with the total proportion of individuals showing fruit were generally negative, with only five species showing significant positive correlations. Taken together, these results suggest that the observed inter‐annual trends and variability of fruit abundance are currently not associated with rainfall. We discuss several parsimonious and complex alternative explanations.
Genetic Moderation of Early Child‐Care Effects on Social Functioning Across Childhood: A Developmental Analysis
Authors: Belsky Jay , Pluess Michael 
Published: February 2013

Data from 508 Caucasian children in the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development shows that the DRD4 (but not 5‐HTTLPR) polymorphism moderates the effect of child‐care quality (but not quantity or type) on caregiver‐reported externalizing problems at 54 months and in kindergarten and teacher‐reported social skills at kindergarten and first grade—but not thereafter. Only children carrying the 7‐repeat allele proved susceptible to quality‐of‐care effects. The behavior–problem interactions proved more consistent with diathesis‐stress than differential‐susceptibility thinking, whereas the reverse was true of the social‐skills' results. Finally, the discerned Gene × Environment interactions did not account for previously reported parallel ones involving difficult temperament in infancy.
Immunization with 60 kD Ro peptide produces different stages of preclinical autoimmunity in a Sjögren's syndrome model among multiple strains of inbred mice
Authors: Kurien B T , Dsouza A , Igoe A , Lee Y J , Maier-Moore J S , Gordon T , Jackson M , Scofield R H 
Published: February 2013

SummarySjögren's syndrome is a chronic illness manifested characteristically by immune injury to the salivary and lacrimal glands, resulting in dry mouth/eyes. Anti-Ro [Sjögren's syndrome antigen A (SSA)] and anti-La [Sjögren's syndrome antigen B (SSB)] autoantibodies are found frequently in Sjögren's subjects as well as in individuals who will go on to develop the disease. Immunization of BALB/c mice with Ro60 peptides results in epitope spreading with anti-Ro and anti-La along with lymphocyte infiltration of salivary glands similar to human Sjögren's. In addition, these animals have poor salivary function/low saliva volume. In this study, we examined whether Ro-peptide immunization produces a Sjögren's-like illness in other strains of mice. BALB/c, DBA-2, PL/J, SJL/J and C57BL/6 mice were immunized with Ro60 peptide-274. Sera from these mice were studied by immunoblot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for autoantibodies. Timed salivary flow was determined after pharmacological stimulation, and salivary glands were examined pathologically. We found that SJL/J mice had no immune response to the peptide from Ro60, while C57BL/6 mice produced antibodies that bound the peptide but had no epitope spreading. PL/J mice had epitope spreading to other structures of Ro60 as well as to La, but like C57BL/6 and SJL/J had no salivary gland lymphocytic infiltration and no decrement of salivary function. DBA-2 and BALB/c mice had infiltration but only BALB/c had decreased salivary function. The immunological processes leading to a Sjögren's-like illness after Ro-peptide immunization were interrupted in a stepwise fashion in these differing mice strains. These data suggest that this is a model of preclinical disease with genetic control for epitope spreading, lymphocytic infiltration and glandular dysfunction.
Mitochondrial optic neuropathies: our travels from bench to bedside and back again
Authors: Sadun Alfredo A , La Morgia Chiara , Carelli Valerio 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe standard scientific method requires that you make an interesting observation, generate a hypothesis and then design an experiment to test the hypothesis. In ophthalmology, as in most fields of medicine, the observations and hypotheses tend to have more degrees of freedom, and the interpretation of experiments is also more complicated and often indeterminate. But sometimes it works out, going back and forth from bench to bedside to bench, in reiterative cycles. A successful example of alternating bench and bedside studies was presented (AAS) at the 2012 Alper Memorial given at the Washington Hospital Medical Center, illustrating a series of questions and investigations that pertain to mitochondrial optic neuropathies, beginning two decades ago, before the concept of mitochondrial optic neuropathies had much meaning. Basic science questions are often best answered by that extraordinary experiment of nature that we call clinical disease, and clinical questions are often best tested in the laboratory.
Relationship between macular ganglion cell complex thickness and macular outer retinal thickness: a spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography study
Authors: Kita Yoshiyuki , Kita Ritsuko , Takeyama Asuka , Anraku Ayako , Tomita Goji , Goldberg Ivan 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackgroundTo assess the relationship between macular ganglion cell complex and macular outer retinal thicknesses.DesignCase–control study.ParticipantsForty‐two normal eyes and 91 eyes with primary open‐angle glaucoma were studied.MethodsSpectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (RTVue‐100) was used to measure the macular ganglion cell complex and macular outer retinal thickness. Ganglion cell complex to outer retinal thickness ratio was also calculated.Main Outcome MeasuresThe relationships between the ganglion cell complex and outer retinal thicknesses and between the ganglion cell complex to outer retinal thickness ratio and outer retinal thickness were evaluated.ResultsThere was a positive correlation between ganglion cell complex and outer retinal thicknesses in the normal group and the glaucoma group (r = 0.53, P < 0.001 and r = 0.42, P < 0.001, respectively). In that respect, there was no correlation between ganglion cell complex to outer retinal thickness ratio and outer retinal thickness in the both groups (r = −0.07, P = 0.657, and r = 0.04, P = 0.677, respectively). The ganglion cell complex to outer retinal thickness ratio was 55.65% in the normal group, 45.07% in the glaucoma group. This difference was statistically significant.ConclusionsThe ganglion cell complex thickness may be affected by outer retinal thickness, and there is individual variation in the outer retinal thickness. Therefore, when determining the ganglion cell complex, it seems necessary to consider the outer retinal thickness as well. We propose the ratio as a suitable parameter to account for individual variations in outer retinal thickness.
An analysis of two island groups as potential sites for trials of transgenic mosquitoes for malaria control
Authors: Marsden Clare D. , Cornel Anthony , Lee Yoosook , Sanford Michelle R. , Norris Laura C. , Goodell Parker B. , Nieman Catelyn C. , Han Sarah , Rodrigues Amabelia , Denis Joao , Ouledi Ahmed , Lanzaro Gregory C. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractConsiderable technological advances have been made towards the generation of genetically modified mosquitoes for vector control. In contrast, less progress has been made towards field evaluations of transformed mosquitoes which are critical for evaluating the success of, and hazards associated with, genetic modification. Oceanic islands have been highlighted as potentially the best locations for such trials. However, population genetic studies are necessary to verify isolation. Here, we used a panel of genetic markers to assess for evidence of genetic isolation of two oceanic island populations of the African malaria vector, Anopheles gambiae s.s. We found no evidence of isolation between the Bijagós archipelago and mainland Guinea‐Bissau, despite separation by distances beyond the known dispersal capabilities of this taxon. Conversely, the Comoros Islands appear to be genetically isolated from the East African mainland, and thus represent a location worthy of further investigation for field trials. Based on assessments of gene flow within and between the Comoros islands, the island of Grande Comore was found to be genetically isolated from adjacent islands and also exhibited local population structure, indicating that it may be the most suitable site for trials with existing genetic modification technologies.
Antimicrobial susceptibility and genetic characteristics of Propionibacterium acnes isolated from patients with acne
Authors: Schafer Fabiola , Fich Felix , Lam Marusella , Gárate Cynthia , Wozniak Aniela , Garcia Patricia 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackground  Propionibacterium acnes is an important target in acne management. Antibiotic resistance has increased, reducing its clinical efficiency.Objective  To study the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, and resistance mechanisms of P. acnes isolated from patients with acne.Methods  Skin swabs were collected from 83 patients. Agar dilution determined the minimum inhibitory concentrations of five antibiotics. Polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing were used to identify mutations.Results  P. acnes was isolated in 80 of 83 patients (96%), and 27 patients had resistance to antibiotics (33.7%). The mean age was older in the antibiotic‐resistant group (20.8 ± 5.8 vs. 18.3 ± 3.7, P = 0.02). Resistance to trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole was 26.3%, erythromycin 12.5%, and clindamycin 7.5%. All clindamycin‐resistant strains had cross‐resistance to erythromycin, and 40% erythromycin‐resistant strains had cross‐resistance to trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole. All strains were sensitive to tetracycline and doxycycline. The use of topical erythromycin or clindamycin was a risk factor to carry resistant strains (P = 0.02, P = 0.04, respectively). Resistance to trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole was associated with acne severity (P = 0.02). Six of the 10 erythromycin‐resistant strains had a mutation in the peptidyl transferase region of the 23S rRNA gene: one A2058G and five A2059G. No strain carrying mutation G2057A was found.Conclusions  Resistance to trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole was the most common pattern found, and further studies are required to clarify its resistance mechanism. A certain tetracycline resistance was expected, but interestingly all strains remained sensitive. Resistance to erythromycin and clindamycin were influenced using topical formulations. Mutation A2059G was related to high resistance to erythromycin. Antibiotic resistance is increasing, and new strategies are needed.
Nephrectomy Via Ventral Median Celiotomy in Equids
Authors: Arnold Carolyn E. , Taylor Tex , Chaffin M. Keith , Schott Harold C. , Caron John P. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo report technique for, and outcome after, nephrectomy through a ventral median celiotomy in equids.Study DesignCase series.AnimalsEquids with unilateral renal disease (n = 6), aged 2 months to 18 years, weighing 90–434 kg.MethodsA ventral median celiotomy was used to access the left or right kidney. To facilitate surgical exposure, the small intestine was reflected towards the diaphragm using laparotomy sponges and the ascending colon was exteriorized and in some cases evacuated. The peritoneum over the affected kidney was incised and blunt dissection used to free the kidney from the retroperitoneal fat, then the renal artery, vein, and ureter were isolated and ligated. Abdominal lavage with sterile saline solution was performed before abdominal closure.ResultsFour horses, 1 donkey, and 1 mule had unilateral nephrectomy to treat verminous nephritis (1), idiopathic hematuria (1), and ectopic ureter (4). A ventral median approach provided adequate access to the kidney in all 6 cases. Two horses had postoperative complications (peritonitis, chylous abdominal effusion) that resolved with medical therapy. No complications attributable to nephrectomy were reported by the owners upon follow‐up 1–8 years after surgery.ConclusionsA ventral median approach for nephrectomy can be used for unilateral nephrectomy in equids weighing up to 434 kg.
Influence of Information on Consumers' Evaluations Using Check‐All‐That‐Apply Questions and Sorting: A Case Study with Milk Desserts
Authors: Vidal Leticia , Barreiro Cecilia , Gómez Beatriz , Ares Gastón , Giménez Ana 
Published: February 2013

AbstractConsumer perception of food products is a very complex phenomenon that is influenced by a wide range of characteristics. In particular, consumer perception of the sensory characteristics of food products can be strongly affected by information and expectations. Thus, the comparison of product characterizations from blind and informed conditions can provide a valuable insight about the impact of information on consumer perception of food products. In this context, the aim of the present work was to present a case study in which the influence of information on results of product characterizations of milk desserts from two methodologies, check‐all‐that‐apply (CATA) questions and sorting, was studied. Six commercial vanilla milk desserts were evaluated under blind and informed conditions by two groups of 50 consumers using CATA questions and sorting. Results showed that information had a small impact on overall liking scores and product characterizations, suggesting that consumers' perception of the desserts was mainly determined by their sensory characteristics.Practical ApplicationsThe influence of information was larger for the sorting task than for check‐all‐that‐apply question, as expected, due to the fact that this last methodology was based exclusively on the perception of the sensory characteristics of the samples. Sorting tasks showed that consumers' categorizations under informed conditions were mainly related to the samples' sensory characteristics, and that information only had a limited influence. The comparison of blind and informed sorting tasks might enable one to determine the relative influence of package information on consumer perception of food products, which may be an interesting way of studying the impact of previous expectations and nonsensory variables on consumer perception.