bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on mechanical properties and fire resistance of flame- retardant laminated veneer lumber fabricated with fast-growing Poplar
Authors: Cui Zhekui , Chun Qing , Lin Boxu , Sun Jian , Wang Zheng 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

To fully utilize Chinese fast-growing timber resources, fast-growing poplar was selected for manufacturing flame-retardant laminated veneer lumber (FRLVL). Firstly, orthogonal experiments were conducted to assess the impact of four factors (hot-pressing time, hot-pressing temperature, retardant concentration, and retardant types) on the mechanical properties and burning behavior of FRLVL. Subsequently, optimal manufacturing parameters were chosen based on statistical analysis. Finally, the fire performance of LVL manufactured with the optimal parameters was evaluated to investigate changes in physical-mechanical properties under high-temperature conditions. Results indicated that the addition of retardants led to a decrease in mechanical properties. In comparison to the control group, LVL composites impregnated with two retardants exhibited a higher limited oxygen index and longer fireproof time, with the effects of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) surpassing those of borax (BX). The optimal manufacturing parameters were a hot-pressing temperature of 140°C, a hot-pressing time of 1.3 min/mm, and concentrations of 15% for both retardant types. As the temperature increased, the mechanical properties of LVL manufactured with the optimal parameters decreased noticeably. However, under the conditions of a temperature of 200°C and a treatment time of 90 min, the mechanical properties of LVL composites still met the LVL-32P grade proposed in LVL handbook.
Mitigating Structural Hallucination in Large Language Models with Local Diffusion
Authors: Kiritani Kizuki , Kayano Tsumugi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Large language models (LLMs) often produce text with inaccuracies, logical inconsistencies, or fabricated information, known as structural hallucinations, which undermine their reliability and trustworthiness. Implementing local diffusion mechanisms within the Mistral LLM architecture has demonstrated significant potential in addressing these issues, enhancing both the accuracy and coherence of the generated text. The modified model exhibited substantial improvements across various performance metrics, including accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, validated through rigorous statistical testing. The architectural adjustments, involving the integration of diffusion layers, facilitated better information propagation and reduced the occurrence of structurally flawed outputs. Quantitative analyses highlighted the model's enhanced performance, while qualitative comparisons revealed its improved structural integrity and factual accuracy. Additionally, error analysis revealed a notable reduction in the frequency of factual and logical errors, further affirming the effectiveness of the local diffusion approach. The findings reveal the transformative potential of local diffusion in mitigating structural hallucinations and advancing the field of natural language processing.
Is the use of Adam optimiser and label smoothing adequate for optimizing YOLOv7 and YOLOv7-E6E to attain a high-quality automated analysis and differential diagnostic evaluation of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid?
Authors: Rumpf Sebastian , Zufall Nicola , Rumpf Florian , Gschwendtner Prof. Dr. med. univ. Andreas 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background: In a world where lower respiratory tract infections rank among the leading causes of death and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), precise and timely diagnosis is crucial. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid analysis is a pivotal diagnostic tool in pneumology and intensive care medicine, but its effectiveness relies on individual expertise. Our research focuses on the "You Only Look Once" (YOLO) algorithm, aiming to improve the precision and efficiency of BAL cell detection.
Methods: We assess various YOLOv7 iterations, including YOLOv7, YOLOv7 with Adam and label smoothing, YOLOv7-E6E, and YOLOv7-E6E with Adam and label smoothing focusing on the detection of four key cell types of diagnostic importance in BAL fluid: macrophages, lymphocytes, neutrophils, and eosinophils. This study utilized cytospin preparations of BAL fluid, employing May-Grunwald-Giemsa staining, and analyzed a dataset comprising 2,032 images with 42,221 annotations. Classification performance was evaluated using recall, precision, F1 score, mAP@.5 and mAP@.5;.95 along with a confusion matrix.
Results: The comparison of four algorithmic approaches revealed minor distinctions in mean results, falling short of statistical significance (p < 0.01; p < 0.05). YOLOv7, with an inference time of 13.5 ms for 640 x 640 px images, achieved commendable performance across all cell types, boasting an average F1 metric of 0.922, precision of 0.916, recall of 0.928, and mAP@.5 of 0.966. Remarkably, all cell classifications exhibited consistent outcomes, with no significant disparities among classes. Notably, YOLOv7 demonstrated marginally superior class value dispersion when compared to YOLOv7-adam-label-smoothing, YOLOv7-E6E, and YOLOv7-adam-label-smoothing, albeit without statistical significance.
Conclusion: Consequently, there is limited justification for deploying the more computationally intensive YOLOv7-E6E and YOLOv7-E6E-adam-label-smoothing models. This investigation indicates that the default YOLOv7 variant is the preferred choice for differential cytology due to its accessibility, lower computational demands, and overall more consistent results than comparative studies.
PENGARUH PENDIDIKAN, TENAGA KERJA, DAN KETIMPANGAN DISTRIBUSI PENDAPATAN TERHADAP KEMISKINAN DI INDONESIA PADA TAHUN 2021
Authors: Umam Khotibul , Furqon Imahda Khoiri 
Published: July 2024

Abstrak: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana tingkat kemiskinan Indonesia dipengaruhi oleh ketimpangan tenaga kerja, pendidikan, dan distribusi pendapatan pada tahun 2021. Data yang digunakan adalah data dari Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) yang mencakup 34 provinsi di Indonesia. Dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak Eviews 12, teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah Regresi Linier Berganda dengan menggunakan model Kuadrat Terkecil. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa tenaga kerja memiliki dampak positif dan signifikan terhadap kemiskinan, sedangkan pendidikan memiliki dampak negatif dan besar. Namun, dampak ketimpangan distribusi pendapatan terhadap kemiskinan hanya sedikit. Secara keseluruhan, kemiskinan sangat dipengaruhi oleh ketiga faktor tersebut.
Kata Kunci: Kemiskinan; Pendidikan; Tenaga kerja; Ketimpangan; Indonesia.

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to determine how Indonesia's poverty rate is affected by inequality in labor, education, and income distribution in 2021. The data used is data from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) covering 34 provinces in Indonesia. Using Eviews 12 software, the analysis technique used is Multiple Linear Regression using the Least Squares model. The findings show that labor has a positive and significant impact on poverty, while education has a negative and large impact. However, the impact of income distribution inequality on poverty is only slight. Overall, poverty is strongly influenced by all three factors.
Keywords: Poverty; Education; Labor; Inequality; Indonesia.
Generalized characterization of pipeline systems with air chamber through development of the dimensionless impedance response
Authors: Kim Sanghyun 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

An air cushion chamber is a feasible and efficient hydraulic device to control water hammer for pressurised pipeline systems. The introduction and evolution and hydraulic transient depend on distinct features of pipeline systems such as length, diameter and the property of pipeline extension as physical properties; flowrates, pressure, boundary conditions as hydraulic conditions; and interaction with surge protection devices (air chamber) as hydraulic conditions. Considering all factors simultaneously can be incredibly difficult, even for a simple air chamber pipeline valve layout. This study introduces the dimensionless transfer function and expression for air chambers in dimensionless frequency domain in order to effectively address the water hammer generation and its counteracting processes. To comprehensively characterize hydraulic transients for pipeline systems equipped with air chambers, two representative dimensionless parameters were used. Along the pipeline system, it is possible to develop a frequency-independent expression for hydraulic impedance. A comparison between the developed method and other existing methods (e.g. characteristic method and impulse response method) revealed excellent agreement. Application of the dimensionless parameters to systems with different dimensions and hydraulic conditions shows that the proposed dimensionless parameters can address substantial ranges of real systems.
Cyclodextrins as a Strategy for Enhancing Solubility of Therapeutic Agents for Neglected Tropical Diseases: A Systematic Review
Authors: Melo Demis Ferreira de , Alves Larissa Pereira , Silva Natália Millena , Silva Laysa Creusa Paes Barreto Barros , Holanda Bruna Fernanda de Lima Arruda , Souza Myla Lôbo de , Rolim Larissa Araújo , Neto Pedro José Rolim 
Published: July 2024

Background:
Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTD) are chronic infectious conditions
that primarily affect marginalized populations. The chemotherapeutic arsenal
available for treating NTD is limited and outdated, which poses a challenge in controlling
and eradicating these diseases. This is exacerbated by the pharmaceutical industry's
lack of interest in funding the development of new therapeutic alternatives. In addition,
a considerable number of drugs used in NTD therapy have low aqueous solubility.
To address this issue, solubility enhancement strategies, such as the use of inclusion
complexes with cyclodextrins (CD) can be employed.

Objective:
Therefore, this systematic review aims to present the application of CD in
complexing with drugs and chemotherapeutic compounds used in the therapy of some of
the most prevalent NTD worldwide and how these complexes can enhance the treatment
of these diseases.

Methods:
Two bibliographic databases, Science Direct and PubMed, were used to
conduct the search. The selection of studies and the writing of this systematic review followed
the criteria outlined by the PRISMA guidelines.

Results:
From a total of 978 articles, 23 were selected after applying the exclusion criteria.
All the studies selected were consistent with the use of CD as a strategy to increase
the solubility of therapeutic agents used in NTD.

Conclusion:
The results indicate that CD can enhance the solubility of chemotherapeutic
agents for the treatment of Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTD). This review presents
data that clearly highlights the potential use of CD in the development of new treatments
for neglected tropical diseases. It can assist in the formulation of future treatments that
are more effective and safer.
PROTAC Beyond Cancer- Exploring the New Therapeutic Potential of Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras
Authors: Bhole Ritesh P. , Patil Sapana , Kapare Harshad S. , Chikhale Rupesh V. , Gurav Shailendra S. 
Published: July 2024

:
In the realm of oncology, the transformative impact of PROTAC (PROteolysis TAgeting
Chimeras) technology has been particularly pronounced since its introduction in the 21st century.
Initially conceived for cancer treatment, PROTACs have evolved beyond their primary
scope, attracting increasing interest in addressing a diverse array of medical conditions. This expanded
focus includes not only oncological disorders but also viral infections, bacterial ailments,
immune dysregulation, neurodegenerative conditions, and metabolic disorders.

:
This comprehensive review explores the broadening landscape of PROTAC application, highlighting
ongoing developments and innovations aimed at deploying these molecules across a
spectrum of diseases. Careful consideration of the design challenges associated with PROTACs
reveals that, when appropriately addressed, these compounds present significant advantages over
traditional therapeutic approaches, positioning them as promising alternatives.

:
To evaluate the efficacy of PROTAC molecules, a diverse array of assays is employed, ranging
from High-Throughput Imaging (HTI) assays to Cell Painting assays, CRBN engagement assays,
Fluorescence Polarization assays, amplified luminescent proximity homogeneous assays, Timeresolved
fluorescence energy transfer assays, and Isothermal Titration Calorimetry assays. These
assessments collectively contribute to a nuanced understanding of PROTAC performance.

:
Looking ahead, the trajectory of PROTAC technology suggests its potential recognition as a versatile
therapeutic strategy for an expansive range of medical conditions. Ongoing progress in this
field sets the stage for PROTACs to emerge as valuable tools in the multifaceted landscape of
medical treatments.
Impact of SGLT2 Inhibitors on Renal Function in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Coronary Artery Disease Undergoing Percutaneous Intervention: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Basutkar Roopa Satyanarayan , Cutinha Rasheal Maria , Sathish Varshini , Shahil Aboobacker , Saneen C.K. Najad 
Published: July 2024

Background:
Contrast agents directly cause kidney toxicity in patients who are candidates
for percutaneous intervention having cardiovascular disease with type 2 diabetes.

Aims:
This meta-analysis aims to assess the effects of SGLT2-i on renal function in individuals
undergoing percutaneous intervention.

Methods:
The databases used for the search included Google Scholar, PubMed, Cochrane Central
Registry of Controlled Trials, and Scopus. We considered randomized controlled and observational
studies published from January, 2013, to August, 2023. Eligibility to include the studies
was assessed independently. The Cochrane modified data extraction form and Joanna Briggs Institute
were used to extract the data. The quality of the studies was evaluated using the Cochrane
risk of bias tool and the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. The GradePro software was used to measure
the certainty of the evidence.

Results:
The pooled estimate showed a substantial reduction in serum creatinine levels at 48 and
72 hours post-PCI who received SGLT2i (MD -9.57; 95% CI -18.36, -0.78; p-value 0.03 and
MD -14.40; 95% CI -28.57, -0.22; p-value 0.05). There was a decrease in the occurrence of the
CI-AKI among SGT2i users (RR: 0.46; 95% CI: 0.32, 0.67; p value< 0.0001). No substantial difference
was observed in the number of patients requiring hemodialysis; however, a lower proportion
of patients among SGLT2i users required hemodialysis (RR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.19, 4.07; pvalue
= 0.87).

Conclusion:
The use of SGLT2i confers substantial beneficial effects on kidney function and reduces
the occurrence of contrast-induced acute kidney injury among diabetes patients undergoing
PCI procedures with cardiovascular disease.
A Rare Case of Brucellosis with Multivalvular Endocarditis and Complete
Heart Block
Authors: Gothwal Sunil Kumar , Goyal Kanika , Garg Ajay Shankar , Sahu Bharat Kumar , Agrawal Mohit , Mishra Anurag , Singh Yogendra , Subramaniyan Vetriselvan , Singla Neelam , Hussain Md Sadique , Gupta Gaurav 
Published: July 2024

Background:
Brucellosis is a public health concern that affects multiple organs.
However, cardiovascular problems arise infrequently, affecting fewer than 2% of cases, typically
presenting as endocarditis.

Case Presentation:
A 50-year male was admitted with low-grade fever, night sweats, weight
loss (13 kg), malaise, and generalized weakness for the past 6 months. On clinical examination,
he was febrile with 39.0°C, an average heart rate of 54 bpm, and 100/40 mmHg blood pressure.
On cardiovascular examination, S1 and S2 were soft with pan systolic murmur present in the mitral
area, and the early diastolic murmur was present in the left third intercostal space. Electrocardiography
was suggestive of third-degree heart block with AV dissociation. Transthoracic
echocardiography showed mobile vegetations attached to multiple valves- an aortic valve
(18.2x11.9mm) and a mitral valve (2.9x7.5mm) with perivalvular abscess. He was given oral
doxycycline (100mg B.D.) and rifampicin (600mg/day); the patient responded, but the AV block
did not resolve.

Conclusion:
This report has drawn attention to multivalvular involvement and cardiac rhythm
abnormalities in Brucellosis (in this case, A.V. dissociation was present) because early diagnosis
and treatment can cause a significant decrease in morbidity as well as mortality by appropriate
treatment.
Assessment of Lifetime Risk for Cardiovascular Disease: Time to Move
Forward
Authors: Sigala Evangelia G. , Panagiotakos Demosthenes B. 
Published: July 2024

:
Over the past decades, there has been a notable increase in the risk of Cardiovascular
Disease (CVD), even among younger individuals. Policymakers and the health community have
revised CVD prevention programs to include younger people in order to take these new circumstances
into account. A variety of CVD risk assessment tools have been developed in the past
years with the aim of identifying potential CVD candidates at the population level; however,
they can hardly discriminate against younger individuals at high risk of CVD.Therefore, in addition
to the traditional 10-year CVD risk assessment, lifetime CVD risk assessment has recently
been recommended by the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology and
the European Society of Cardiology prevention guidelines, particularly for young individuals.
Methodologically, the benefits of these lifetime prediction models are the incorporation of left
truncation observed in survival curves and the risk of competing events which are not considered
equivalent in the common survival analysis. Thus, lifetime risk data are easily understandable
and can be utilized as a risk communication tool for Public Health surveillance. However,
given the peculiarities behind these estimates, structural harmonization should be conducted in
order to create a sex-, race-specific tool that is sensitive to accurately identifying individuals
who are at high risk of CVD. In this review manuscript, we present the most commonly used
lifetime CVD risk tools, elucidate several methodological and critical points, their limitations,
and the rationale behind their integration into everyday clinical practice.
Adhesin Component Member STAG2 Enhances Cisplatin Tolerance in
Colorectal Cancer Cells through the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition
Pathway
Authors: Zhou Pengjun , Ye Meiyi , Chen Chunlan , Zhang Rong 
Published: July 2024

Background::
Platinum-based compounds are commonly used as an initial treatment for
colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the development of drug resistance in patients with CRC necessitates
the administration of high drug concentrations during clinical treatment, thereby augmenting
the toxicity of platinum-based compounds and increasing the mortality rate. STAG2 is a
significantly associated drug-resistance gene in many cancers, but it has not been studied in colorectal
cancer. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the role and drug sensitivity of
the cisplatin-resistant gene STAG2.

Methods::
The effects of STAG2 on drug resistance and survival rates of patients with CRC were
examined using the Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC) and Kaplan-Meier (KM)
plotter databases. Subsequently, a sh-STAG2-HT-29 cell line was generated using a knockdown
test of STAG2, and the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of the two cell lines was determined
using a cell viability test. We then used various techniques, including the Cell Counting
Kit-8 (CCK-8), plate cloning, 5-ethynyl-2’-deoxyuridine (EdU) fluorescence staining, flow cytometry
for cell cycle detection, the scar assay, the Transwell invasion assay, and Annexin V-fluorescein
isothiocyanate (FITC)/propidium iodide (PI) fluorescence staining for apoptosis detection,
to investigate the functionality of the four subgroups of cancer cell lines. Additionally, Western
blotting (WB) was used to identify the potential pathways associated with the observed functional
alterations. Finally, the phenotype, tumor weight, mouse weight, tumor volume, and tumor tissue
structure of the developed tumors were assessed using the subcutaneous tumor formation method.

Results::
Database analysis indicated that STAG2 plays a role in facilitating drug resistance among
individuals with CRC. Furthermore, mutations in this gene lead to increased sensitivity to cisplatin,
and its overexpression was associated with an unfavorable prognosis. Following the successful
development of STAG2 knockdown cells, differences in IC50 concentrations were observed
between HT-29 and sh-STAG2-HT-29 cells. A treatment concentration of 10 μM cisplatin
was selected, and the proliferation, migration, and invasion capabilities of cancer cells decreased
after STAG2 knockdown. Additionally, the sensitivity of the cells to cisplatin therapy was increased,
which was potentially mediated by the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathway.
In mice, the tumorigenic potential of HT-29 cells was reduced by STAG2 knockdown, accompanied
by a decrease in resistance to cisplatin therapy.

Conclusion::
STAG2 acts as a proto-oncogene in CRC, and its resistance to cisplatin therapy is
more prominent. This study confirmed the role of STAG2 in CRC and provided a theoretical basis
for the further development of STAG2 as an auxiliary criterion for determining dosage when patients
are treated with platinum drugs.
Development and Prospects of Lander Vibration-Damping Structures
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Zhao Bingru , Yang Yupeng , Li Tianyu 
Published: July 2024

Abstract:
Active shock absorbers and more sophisticated cushioning materials are being used in
lander vibration-damping design due to the requirement for space exploration and scientific study.
This has allowed landers to land on more planetary surfaces and carry out a range of intricate scientific
studies. As a result, lander damping structure design and optimization are now crucial. To categorize
the lander shock absorption structures based on the various structural configurations and principles
of operation, to enumerate the features of each, and to forecast the direction of future development.
An analysis is conducted on the present state of many sample patents concerning structures
that absorb shock during landings. The development stage of currently available shock-absorbing
structures is examined in accordance with their properties, and the most recent patented technologies
are explained and contrasted. The development stage of currently available shock-absorbing structures
is examined in accordance with their properties and the most recent patented methods are explained
and contrasted. Problems of the vibration-damping structure are analyzed, and its development
trend is prospected. Results showed that Large landers and heavy loads are best served by mechanical
damping; medium-sized loads and environments requiring high damping control are best
served by magnetorheological fluid damping; complex environments and medium-to-large-sized
loads are best served by hydraulic damping; small loads and low damping requirements are best
served by collapsed-method damping.