bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Bisociative Design Framework for Knowledge Discovery Across Seemingly Unrelated Product Domains
Authors: Tucker Conrad S. , Kang Sung Woo 
Published: September 2013

The Bisociative Design framework proposed in this work aims to quantify hidden, previously unknown design synergies/insights across seemingly unrelated product domains. Despite the overabundance of data characterizing the digital age, designers still face tremendous challenges in transforming data into knowledge throughout the design processes. Data driven methodologies play a significant role in the product design process ranging from customer preference modeling to detailed engineering design. Existing data driven methodologies employed in the design community generate mathematical models based on data relating to a specific domain and are therefore constrained in their ability to discover novel design insights beyond the domain itself (I.e., cross domain knowledge).
The Bisociative Design framework proposed in this work overcomes the limitations of current data driven design methodologies by decomposing design artifacts into form patterns, function patterns and behavior patterns and then evaluating potential cross-domain design insights through a proposed multidimensional Bisociative Design metric.
A hybrid marine model involving multiple domains (capable of flight and marine navigation) is used as a case study to demonstrate the proposed Bisociative Design framework and explain how associations and novel design models can be generated through the discovery of hidden, previously unknown patterns across multiple, unrelated domains.
Functional-Based Search for Patent Technology Transfer
Authors: Russo Davide , Montecchi Tiziano , Liu Ying 
Published: September 2013

Patent literature contains over 70 million patent documents, so the amount of information available to companies and the opportunity to derive business value and market new products from this collection is huge. However, presently an effective information extraction is a difficult task because patentees typically write using their own lexicon, style and strategy in describing their inventions.
This paper presents a discussion about open problems and a way to overcome them by a new functional search based on Function-Behaviour-Physical effect-Structure ontology. This ontology is used for a technology transfer activity by patents, with the aim of making users aware of how technologies, not yet exploited in their own field, have already been patented in other domains and exactly for achieving their same desired goal. To reach this objective a multidisciplinary approach is proposed, combining design ontologies with information retrieval tools. A case study has been presented to demonstrate how the conceived framework is strategic to search for patents and automatically classify them according to the proposed ontology.
Using Model-Based Design in Engineering Design Education
Authors: Andersson Kjell 
Published: September 2013

Project-based education in combination with problem-based learning has been one of the key factors for the popularity of engineering design education among students at technical universities. The use of industry-connected projects has boosted this popularity still further. To get feedback from professionals in industry is very stimulating and in this way students also get confirmation that their education is related to industrial needs.
In the Machine Design capstone course at KTH Department of Machine Design, the curriculum covers the whole process from idea generation to manufacturing and testing a final prototype. A major part of the course consists of project work where students will develop a product prototype in close cooperation with an industrial partner or with a research project at the department. The benefits of using real prototypes cannot be stressed enough. This is a very efficient way to explain to the students why a product must be designed in a certain way, e.g. to make it possible to assemble.
This means that a major part of the course is using project-based learning as a teaching strategy. In addition, the use of model-based design is introduced as a methodology that enables the students to evaluate and “experience” many different behaviors of the product using digital models in a virtual environment. In this way many undesirable concepts and flaws can be avoided even before a prototype is manufactured.
This paper describes a model-based methodology for product development. It also shows the application of this methodology in project work in a capstone course in engineering design at KTH, and discusses the effects on student motivation and learning.
Coordination of Product Design Process in View of Product and Organizational Structures
Authors: Oizumi Kazuya , Aoyama Kazuhiro 
Published: September 2013

Management of product design projects becomes increasingly difficult as the complexity of products increases. For better management of such projects, well-considered preliminary coordination of design processes is essential. This paper proposes a method for coordination in the design process, which comprises two phases: 1) division of the design work into smaller tasks and sequencing them and 2) establishment of management activities. To facilitate this coordination, an integrated model of a product, process, and organization is proposed.
The division and sequencing of design tasks is based upon analysis of the product model. The method utilizes rational prioritization of design parameters, which means identification of parameters that must be first considered for changes.
The resulting design processes can show where coordination among design tasks is needed. This, in turn, implies the necessity of management. It is preferable for a different style of management to be adopted for each part. Here, the importance of management and organizational structure prescribe the style of management that should be adopted. In this paper, two approaches to management are discussed: 1) the formation of a pre-agreement, and 2) integration and after-approval.
Throughout the paper, the example of a solar boat design is used to explain how the proposed method works and to demonstrate its feasibility.
Analytical Modeling and FE Simulation for Analyzing Applied Forces During Roll Bending Process
Authors: Tran Hoang Quan , Champliaud Henri , Feng Zhengkun , Dao Thien-My 
Published: September 2013

High strength steel is widely used in the manufacturing of parts dealing with heavy cyclic loads and corrosive environments. However, processing this type of steel is not easy, and it becomes a hard-to-solve problem when the part to produce is large, thick and quasi-unique. One example of a thick high strength steel axisymmetric part is the conical shape of the crown of a Francis turbine runner. Some Francis turbine runners installed in the dam basement of a hydraulic power plant are 10 meters in diameter with more than 5 meters in height, while plate thickness can exceed 100 millimeters. Several processes can be envisaged for the manufacturing processes of such large parts (welding or casting…), but few processes can deliver one within a reasonable time and at competitive cost. Among them the roll bending process, causing plastic deformation of a plate around a linear axis with little or no change in plate thickness, is considered as an interesting alternative.
The main objective of this research is to assess 3D dynamic finite element and analytical models for the computation of the bending forces during the manufacturing of hollow conical parts made of a thick plate and a high strength steel. Numerous parameters such as thickness, curvature, part size, material properties and friction directly influence the reaction forces on the rolls. Therefore, the results of this research provide a better understanding of the phenomena taking place in the process, and an opportunity to establish relationships between the bending forces and the parameters of a final conical part.
Microbes and Inflammation in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Kostic Aleksandar D. , Chun Eunyoung , Meyerson Matthew , Garrett Wendy S. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Over the past decade, there has been a renaissance in research on physiologic interactions between humans and their resident microbiota, the vast numbers of bacteria, fungi, and viruses that live within and on the body. The burgeoning interest in what constitutes the human microbiome has also focused on the contribution of microbes to carcinogenesis. Given the microbiomes of malignancies arising at mucosal sites, the microbiota may prove as influential as stromal cells and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. Herein, we focus on the interconnections of microbes and inflammation in colorectal carcinogenesis. Cancer Immunol Res; 1(3); 150–7. ©2013 AACR.
Atmosphere–Ocean Coupled Process along Coastal Areas of the Yellow and East China Seas in Winter
Authors: Iwasaki Shinsuke , Isobe Atsuhiko , Kako Shin’ichiro 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
A regional atmosphere–ocean coupled model is developed, based on the Pennsylvania State University–National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model in conjunction with the Princeton Ocean Model, to investigate atmosphere–ocean coupled processes that might occur over the Yellow and East China Sea shelves in winter. To examine how the coupled processes actually work in the ocean, sea surface temperatures (SSTs) computed in both coupled and uncoupled models are compared with SSTs synthesized from multiple satellite observations. The results indicate that the coupled model significantly improves the negative SST bias in shallow waters around the Chinese coast produced by the uncoupled model. Cool and dry northerly winds from the Asian landmass reduce SST in these shallow waters through intensive upward heat loss. Thereafter, the horizontal gradient of sea level pressure (SLP) around the Chinese coast moderates because the land–ocean heat contrast weakens owing to the reduced SST in the coastal waters. As a result, the wind speed weakens, in line with the moderated horizontal SLP gradient. Moreover, northerly winds can reduce the transport of cool and dry air from the Asian landmass. Hence, upward heat flux around the coastal waters is reduced because of the weakening of the northerly winds and the decreased cool and dry air. This negative feedback thereby suppresses excessive SST cooling along the Chinese coast during winter.
Investigating the Role of Ocean–Atmosphere Coupling in the North Pacific Ocean
Authors: Smirnov Dimitry , Newman Matthew , Alexander Michael A. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Air–sea interaction over the North Pacific is diagnosed using a simple, local coupled autoregressive model constructed from observed 7-day running-mean sea surface temperature (SST) and 2-m air temperature TA anomalies during the extended winter from the 1° × 1° objectively analyzed air–sea fluxes (OAFlux) dataset. Though the model is constructed from 1-week lag statistics, it successfully reproduces the observed anomaly evolution through lead times of 90 days, allowing an estimation of the relative roles of coupling and internal atmospheric and oceanic forcing upon North Pacific SSTs. It is found that east of the date line, SST variability is maintained by, but has little effect on, TA variability. However, in the Kuroshio–Oyashio confluence and extension region, about half of the SST variability is independent of TA, driven instead by SST noise forcing internal to the ocean. Including surface zonal winds in the analysis does not alter this conclusion, suggesting TA adequately represents the atmosphere. Repeating the analysis with the output of two control simulations from a fully coupled global climate model (GCM) differing only in their ocean resolution yields qualitatively similar results. However, for the simulation employing the coarse-resolution (1°) ocean model, all SST variability depends upon TA, apparently caused by a near absence of ocean-induced noise forcing. Collectively, these results imply that a strong contribution from internal oceanic forcing drives SST variability in the Kuroshio–Oyashio region, which may be used as a justification for atmospheric GCM experiments forced with SST anomalies in that region alone. This conclusion is unaffected by increasing the dimensionality of the model to allow for intrabasin interaction.
Lightning in Wildfire Smoke Plumes Observed in Colorado during Summer 2012
Authors: Lang Timothy J. , Rutledge Steven A. , Dolan Brenda , Krehbiel Paul , Rison William , Lindsey Daniel T. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Pyrocumulus clouds above three Colorado wildfires (Hewlett Gulch, High Park, and Waldo Canyon; all during the summer of 2012) electrified and produced localized intracloud discharges whenever the smoke plumes grew above 10 km MSL (approximately −45°C). Vertical development occurred during periods of rapid wildfire growth, as indicated by the shortwave infrared channel on a geostationary satellite, as well as by incident reports. The lightning discharges were detected by a three-dimensional lightning mapping network. Based on Doppler and polarimetric radar observations, they likely were caused by ice-based electrification processes that did not involve significant amounts of high-density graupel. Plumes that did not feature significant amounts of radar-inferred ice at high altitudes did not produce lightning, which means lightning observations may assist in diagnosing pyrocumulus features that could affect the radiative characteristics and chemical composition of the upper troposphere. The lightning was not detected by the National Lightning Detection Network, implying that pyrocumulus lightning may occur more frequently than past studies (which lacked access to detailed intracloud information) might suggest. Given the known spatial and temporal advantages provided by lightning networks over radar and satellite data, the results also indicate a possible new application for lightning data in monitoring wildfire state.
Late Sequelae After Phosgene Poisoning: a Literature Review
Authors: Diller Werner F. 
Published: September 2013

The vast majority of phosgene intoxications (including cases with pulmonary edema) have a good prognosis. However, nearly all patients complain of exertional dyspnea and reduced physical fitness for several months to years after the accident; normalization of lung function values, too, may require several years. Occasional impairment of pulmonary function appears to be dependent more on smoking habits than on the severity of the original intoxication. Pre-existing chronic bronchitis may undergo severe and progressive deterioration after toxic pulmonary edema due to phosgene. Occupational health check-ups (including pulmonary function tests) are recommended for all persons handling irritant gases. Every patient having undergone the inhalation of phosgene or other irritants will ask the question of possible late sequelae. Due to new forms of treatment (glucocorticoids, positive pressure ventilation) the prognosis of severe cases has considerably improved during the last decades. The paper tries to summarize the present state of our knowledge.
Mouse Liver Tumor Data: Assessment of Carcinogenic Activity
Authors: Pereira Michael A. 
Published: September 2013

Significant numbers of chemicals have been shown to be carcinogenic in mouse liver although they do not exhibit carcinogenic activity in other organs or tissues of mice or rats. This review focuses on the reasons for the unique susceptibility of the mouse liver to these carcinogens and the extent to which the carcinogenic activity of a chemical in mouse liver can be used to predict carcinogenicity in humans. Many of these mouse liver carcinogens lack genotoxic activity and, as such, have been proposed to be tumor promoters. Two mechanisms that may explain the action of nongenotoxic carcinogens in mouse liver are reviewed. These are: (1) direct action on precursor cancer cells, either to accelerate their growth or to prevent their death and (2) the selective growth advantage, resulting from regenerative hyperplasia of precursor cancer cells in response to the necrosis of normal cells produced by hepatotoxins. Estimating human health risks on the basis of mouse liver tumor data is believed to differ for nongenotoxic and genotoxic carcinogens in two fundamental ways. The first involves intraspecies extrapolation and the second involves low-dose extrapolation. In conclusion, although mouse liver tumor data are seen to be of value in estimating human health hazard, it is important to distinguish between genotoxic and nongenotoxic mechanisms in applying such data. Further study of the biochemical and molecular mechanisms of chemical carcinogens is necessary to determine the relationship between their activity in mouse liver and their activity in humans.
A Methodology for Assessing Carcinogenic Hazards of Chemicals
Authors: Szejnwald Brown Halina , Bishop Donna R. , West Carol Rowan 
Published: September 2013

Assessment of carcinogenic hazards of substances involves evalua tion and classification of qualitative and quantitative data, includ ing the attendant uncertainty,. Recently proposed EPA guidelines represent a significant step towards a uniform carcinogenic risk assessment procedure and its appropriate use. The Methodology for Assessing Carcinogenic Hazards of Chemicals proposed here shares common characteristics with the EPA guidelines but it also focuses on other aspects of carcinogen assessment, not addressed by the guidelines, such as: folding together quantitative and quali tative data into a combined hazard index; classification of limited, incomplete or flawed qualitative data; utilization of quantitative risk estimates based on weak qualitative evidence. The elements are used to assess carcinogenic hazards of chemicals, qualitative and quantitative. The qualitative assessment consists of stratification into one of five categories of weight-of evidence, whereas quantitative assessment consists of stratification into one of four potency categories on the basis of carcinogenic unit risk estimate. Carcinogenic hazard index, codified in letters A to E, is derived from the quantitative and qualitative elements of assess ment in a two-dimensional matrix. The matrix is designed so that weaker evidence for carcinogenicity requires a correspondingly higher unit risk value for a given score. Assessment of 100 chemicals using our methodology shows a good distribution of scores from A to E. Group B, which can be described as moderately hazardous, is most frequently represented. The methodology represents a mixture of two possible approaches to assessing hazards of carcinogens: one which gives the highest rank to those likely to produce the greatest risk, the other which ranks highest those most likely to produce cancer in humans. By using this com bined approach, it is ensured that a chemical hazardous on either count is not missed. The methodology also makes maximum use of all available data without over-interpreting some highly uncertain procedures such as quantitative risk estimation or extrapolation of animal response to humans.
Dangerous and Cancer-Causing Properties of Products and Chemicals in the Oil-Refining and Petrochemical Industry—Part Xxii: Health Hazards From Exposure To Gasoline Containing Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether: Study of New Jersey Residents
Authors: Mehlman Myron A. 
Published: September 2013

Methyl tertiary butyl ether has caused the following cancers in rats and mice: kidney, testicular, liver, lymphomas, and leukemias. Thus, in the absence of adequate data on humans, it is biologically plausible and prudent to regard methyl tertiary butyl ether —for which there is sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals — as a probable human carcinogen. This means that some humans are at extreme risk of contracting cancers resulting from their exposure to oxygenated gasoline containing methyl tertiary butyl ether. Immediately after the introduction of methyl tertiary butyl ether into gasoline, many consumers of this product in New Jersey, New York, Alaska, Maine, Pennsylvania, Colorado, Arizona, Montana, Massachusetts, California, and other areas, experienced a variety of neurotoxic, allergic, and respiratory illnesses. These illnesses were similar to those suffered by refinery workers from the Oil, Chemical, and Atomic Workers Union who mixed methyl tertiary butyl ether with gasoline. Additionally, these illnesses occurredfollowing exposure to extremely low levels of methyl tertiary butyl ether in gasoline, particularly when compared to the adverse health effects that occurred only after exposure to very high levels of conventional gasoline. Thus, gasoline containing methyl tertiary butyl ether exhibited substantially more toxicity in humans than gasoline without this additive. A number of oil industry-sponsored or influenced reports alleged that these illnesses were either unrelated to exposure to reformulated gasoline or were characteristic of some yet-to-be-identified communicable disease. These studies further alleged that the widespread concern was not about illness, but was merely a reaction to the odor and the five cent increase in the price of gasoline. To clarify the significance of this issue, it is important to note that consumers have been using gasoline for many decades, with complaints only occurring following exposure to high levels at 100s ppm or higher. After the introduction of methyl tertiary butyl ether gasoline there were thousands of human health complaints. The sudden increase in widespread illnesses from which many thousands of individuals throughout the United States began to suffer immediately following the introduction of methyl tertiary butyl ether into gasoline provides strong and unquestionable evidence that gasoline containing methyl tertiary butyl ether is associated with human illnesses. When considering the severity of the illnesses in humans, it is prudent that this highly dangerous chemical be promptly removed from gasoline and comprehensive studies be conducted to assess the long-term effects that human may experience in the future from past and current exposure.