bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gene expression analysis of matched ovarian primary tumors and peritoneal metastasis
Authors: Malek Joel A , Martinez Alejandra , Mery Eliane , Ferron Gwenael , Huang Ruby , Raynaud Christophe , Jouve Eva , Thiery Jean-Paul , Querleu Denis , Rafii Arash 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackgroundOvarian cancer is the most deadly gynecological cancer due to late diagnosis at advanced stage with major peritoneal involvement. To date most research has focused on primary tumor. However the prognosis is directly related to residual disease at the end of the treatment. Therefore it is mandatory to focus and study the biology of meatastatic disease that is most frequently localized to the peritoneal caivty in ovarian cancer.MethodsWe used high-density gene expression arrays to investigate gene expression changes between matched primary and metastatic (peritoneal) lesions.ResultsHere we show that gene expression profiles in peritoneal metastasis are significantly different than their matched primary tumor and these changes are affected by underlying copy number variation differences among other causes. We show that differentially expressed genes are enriched in specific pathways including JAK/STAT pathway, cytokine signaling and other immune related pathways. We show that underlying copy number variations significantly affect gene expression. Indeed patients with important differences in copy number variation displayed greater gene expression differences between their primary and matched metastatic lesions.ConclusionsOur analysis shows a very specific targeting at both the genomic and transcriptomic level to upregulate certain pathways in the peritoneal metastasis of ovarian cancer. Moreover, while primary tumors use certain pathways we identify distinct differences with metastatic lesions. The variation between primary and metastatic lesions should be considered in personalized treatment of ovarian cancer.
Electrospray tandem mass spectrometric analysis of a dimeric conjugate, salvialeriafone and related compounds
Authors: Ghulam Musharraf Syed , Goher Madiha , Hussain Amjad , Choudhary M Iqbal 
Published: October 2012

Abstract

Background
Electrospray tandem mass spectrometry approach is widely used for the rapid characterization of natural products. This paper describes the gas-phased ESI-MS/MS fragmentation of abietane-type diterpenoids and their novel dimeric conjugate, salvialeriafone (1) using both positive and negative ion electrospray ionization quadropole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-QqTOF-MS/MS) hybrid instrument. Diterpenoids are widely distributed throughout the plant kingdom and posses interesting biological activities.

Results
ESI-QqTOF-MS (positive ion mode) of diterpenoids 1–6 under collision-induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometric analysis (CID-MS/MS) showed the characteristic losses of water, carbonmonoxide and propene molecules, while analysis in negative ion mode showed the characteristic losses of water, carbon monoxide, methane molecules and methyl radical. Results demonstrated the differences in the product ions and base peaks due to the differences in the skeleton. A novel dimeric conjugate, salvialeriafone (1) showed characteristic fragmentation pattern and was found to be more prone to form radical ions, as compared to monomeric diterpenoids. The fragmentation pathways of characteristic fragments were proposed with the aid of HRESIMS.

Conclusions
Extensive tandem mass spectrometric studies of salvialeriafone (1) and related diterpenoids 2–6 were conducted and their characteristic fragments were identified. The knowledge of the fragmentation pattern of these diterpenoids will be useful for the characterization of new dimers of this class of compounds.
Identification of inhibitors of ovarian cancer stem-like cells by high-throughput screening
Authors: Mezencev Roman , Wang Lijuan , McDonald John F 
Published: October 2012

Abstract

Background
Ovarian cancer stem cells are characterized by self-renewal capacity, ability to differentiate into distinct lineages, as well as higher invasiveness and resistance to many anticancer agents. Since they may be responsible for the recurrence of ovarian cancer after initial response to chemotherapy, development of new therapies targeting this special cellular subpopulation embedded within bulk ovarian cancers is warranted.

Methods
A high-throughput screening (HTS) campaign was performed with 825 compounds from the Mechanistic Set chemical library [Developmental Therapeutics Program (DTP)/National Cancer Institute (NCI)] against ovarian cancer stem-like cells (CSC) using a resazurin-based cell cytotoxicity assay. Identified sets of active compounds were projected onto self-organizing maps to identify their putative cellular response groups.

Results
From 793 screening compounds with evaluable data, 158 were found to have significant inhibitory effects on ovarian CSC. Computational analysis indicates that the majority of these compounds are associated with mitotic cellular responses.

Conclusions
Our HTS has uncovered a number of candidate compounds that may, after further testing, prove effective in targeting both ovarian CSC and their more differentiated progeny.
Evaluation of parenteral nutritional support in the surgical and medical wards of a referral teaching hospital
Authors: Bairami Samaneh , Elyasi Sepideh , Khalili Hossein , Jamali-Moghadam Saeed Reza 
Published: October 2012

Abstract

Background and purpose
Malnutrition is a common problem in patients who are hospitalized in surgical and medical wards. Surgical patients, geriatric populations and individuals with severe illness are more vulnerable to malnutrition during their hospitalization course.
The purpose of this study was evaluation of parenteral nutrition services in a referral teaching hospital, Tehran, Iran.

Method
Medical records of 72 patients who received parenteral nutrition during one year period in different surgical and medical wards of Imam Khomeini hospital were reviewed retrospectively by clinical pharmacists. Criteria for initiation of parenteral nutrition, selection of appropriate formulation and monitoring parameters were assessed based on the American Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition recommendations.

Results
Based on the patients' anthropometric parameters and serum albumin levels, 4.2%, 75% and 20.8% of the patients were well-nourished, moderately malnourished and severely malnourished respectively at the hospital admission and before nutritional support. Adequate calorie, protein, carbohydrate and lipid supports were achieved in 21.1%, 32.4%, 23.7% and 10.5% of the patients respectively. About 91% of the patients experienced at least one complication of the nutritional support.

Conclusion
In this evaluation, several errors in assessment, establishing goals, and monitoring of parenteral nutrition regimens have been detected. Approximately all of the patients did not receive to the trace elements supports goals.
The German ban on GM maize MON810: scientifically justified or unjustified?
Authors: Bøhn Thomas , Primicerio Raul , Traavik Terje 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
The ongoing controversies over genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in Europe remain intense. Assessing the risks associated with new technologies is crucial, and becomes particularly important for self-replicating GMOs used in open ecosystems. In general, scientific disagreement and debate is at the core of knowledge generation. However, in the GMO debate, it seems that pre-conceived conclusions can in some cases overshadow real data and factual results of investigations. In this article, we describe how the German ban on the cultivation of MON810 Bt-transgenic maize plant has been criticized for not having a sound scientific justification and provide arguments for why we disagree with this perspective. We do this by demonstrating in detail how arguments put forward by Agnes Ricroch and colleagues in an article from Transgenic Research are based on i) serious scientific flaws, such as omitting core results and misrepresenting others; ii) inconsistency in how laboratory studies that show negative effects of GM plant exposure should be followed up; and iii) a systematic selection of particular results and/or studies that match their own arguments. We conclude that Ricroch et al. misrepresent and selectively scrutinize certain data only. The effect of this double standard is that those only reading or referring to Ricroch et al. will be seriously misinformed about our study as well as in the discussion on the 2009 German ban of the MON810 GM maize. However, we do not claim that the ban was finally and irreversibly justified by the science referred to, including our own studies within the field. The German ban on MON810 was, and must be, a political decision, guided by valid scientific evidence.
Osteogenesis and osteoclast inhibition in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with bisphosphonates alone or in combination with pitavastatin over an 18-month follow-up after more than 4 years of treatment with bisphosphonates
Authors: Nagashima Masakazu , Takahashi Hiroshi , Shimane Kenichi , Nagase Yuichi , Wauke Koichi 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Introduction
To investigate the effects of bisphosphonates (Bis) (etidronate, alendronate, and risedronate), alone and in combination with statin, on the BMD (bone mineral density) and bone metabolism of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients.

Methods
Seventy-seven RA patients who had been receiving prednisolone (PSL) and Bis for over 4 years were divided into two groups: Bis and Bis + statin (n = 42 and 35; average age, 66.4 and 65.3 years; average disease duration, 24.9 and 20.8 years; average PSL dose, 2.4 and 2.7 mg, respectively). Serum levels of NTX (N-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen), TRACP-5b (tartrate-resistant acid phosphate-5b), PICP (C-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen), and RANKL (receptor activator of NF-κB ligand) were measured over an 18-month period of treatment and follow-up. The BMD levels of the two groups at the radius, lumbar spine, and femoral neck were compared using DXA (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry).

Results
A significant increase was only observed in the BMD of the lumbar spine at 18-months, but the BMDs of the radius and femoral neck decreased during the follow-up period in the Bis group. Meanwhile, a significant increase was observed in the BMD of the lumbar spine in the Bis + statin group during administration and the BMDs of the radius and femoral neck stayed at baseline. Among the markers of bone metabolism, serum NTX was up-regulated after 6 months in the Bis + statin group. Serum TRACP-5b was significantly increased during the follow-up period in the Bis + statin group, but only at 18 months in the Bis group. Serum PICP recovered to base line in the Bis + statin group, whereas that in the Bis group did not observably recover during the post-administration follow-up, but rather decreased.

Conclusion
Our findings suggest that both bone resorption and bone formation were inhibited by long-term administration of Bis alone, whereas combination therapy with Bis + statin may be associated with a less marked inhibition of bone metabolism. Cardiovascular disease is highly prevalent in RA patients and some patients are prescribed statins and bisphosphonate. Bis + statin may confer more benefit to the bone metabolism of these patients compared to Bis alone.
Synovial DKK1 expression is regulated by local glucocorticoid metabolism in inflammatory arthritis
Authors: Hardy Rowan , Juarez Maria , Naylor Amy , Tu Jinwen , Rabbitt Elizabeth H , Filer Andrew , Stewart Paul M , Buckley Christopher D , Raza Karim , Cooper Mark S 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Introduction
Inflammatory arthritis is associated with increased bone resorption and suppressed bone formation. The Wnt antagonist dickkopf-1 (DKK1) is secreted by synovial fibroblasts in response to inflammation and this protein has been proposed to be a master regulator of bone remodelling in inflammatory arthritis. Local glucocorticoid production is also significantly increased during joint inflammation. Therefore, we investigated how locally derived glucocorticoids and inflammatory cytokines regulate DKK1 synthesis in synovial fibroblasts during inflammatory arthritis.

Methods
We examined expression and regulation of DKK1 in primary cultures of human synovial fibroblasts isolated from patients with inflammatory arthritis. The effect of TNFα, IL-1β and glucocorticoids on DKK1 mRNA and protein expression was examined by real-time PCR and ELISA. The ability of inflammatory cytokine-induced expression of the glucocorticoid-activating enzyme 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) to sensitise fibroblasts to endogenous glucocorticoids was explored. Global expression of Wnt signalling and target genes in response to TNFα and glucocorticoids was assessed using a custom array.

Results
DKK1 expression in human synovial fibroblasts was directly regulated by glucocorticoids but not proinflammatory cytokines. Glucocorticoids, but not TNFα, regulated expression of multiple Wnt agonists and antagonists in favour of inhibition of Wnt signalling. However, TNFα and IL-1β indirectly stimulated DKK1 production through increased expression of 11β-HSD1.

Conclusions
These results demonstrate that in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts, DKK1 expression is directly regulated by glucocorticoids rather than TNFα. Consequently, the links between synovial inflammation, altered Wnt signalling and bone remodelling are not direct but are dependent on local activation of endogenous glucocorticoids.
Interleukin-29 modulates proinflammatory cytokine production in synovial inflammation of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Wang Fang , Xu Lingxiao , Feng Xiaoke , Guo Dunming , Tan Wenfeng , Zhang Miaojia 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Introduction
The immunoregulatory function of interleukin (IL)-29 has recently been recognized. However, little is known about the involvement of IL-29 in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study aimed to examine the expression profiles of IL-29 in blood, synovial fluid (SF) and synovium in RA patients and investigate the effect of IL-29 on cytokines production in RA synovial fibroblasts.

Methods
The transcript levels of IL-29 and its specific receptor IL-28Rα in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and synovium were determined by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR). The concentrations of IL-29 in serum and synovial fluid (SF) were quantified by enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA), and the correlation of serum IL-29 levels with disease activity in RA patients was investigated. Furthermore, the expression of IL-29 in RA synovium was examined by immunohistochemistry and double immunofluorescence analysis. Finally, the expression of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17 and matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) in synovial fibroblasts upon IL-29 stimulation was determined by real-time PCR.

Results
IL-29 and IL-28Rα mRNA expression in PBMC was significantly increased in patients with RA compared with healthy controls (HC). The serum levels of circulating IL-29 were higher in RA than those in HC. Increased IL-29 levels were detected in RA SF when compared with osteoarthritis (OA) SF. However, serum IL-29 levels showed no significant correlation with RA disease activity. IL-29 was mostly expressed in the lining region of RA synovium. Moreover, IL-29 was expressed predominately in synovial macrophages and fibroblasts. RA synovial fibroblasts exposed to IL-29 specifically upregulated IL-6, -8 and MMP-3 but downregulated IL-10.

Conclusions
The findings in the present study indicate, for the first time, that IL-29 is dysregulated in patients with RA, which may contribute to the RA pathogenesis via inducing the production of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines or matrix metalloproteinases in synovial fibroblasts.
Long-term quality of life in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for refractory hypoxaemia
Authors: Hodgson Carol L , Hayes Kate , Everard Tori , Nichol Alistair , Davies Andrew R , Bailey Michael J , Tuxen David V , Cooper David J , Pellegrino Vin 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Introduction
The purpose of the study was to assess the long term outcome and quality of life of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for refractory hypoxemia.

Methods
A retrospective observational study with prospective health related quality of life (HRQoL) assessment was conducted in ARDS patients who had ECMO as a rescue therapy for reversible refractory hypoxemia from January 2009 until April 2011 in a tertiary Australian centre. Survival and long-term quality of life assessment, using the Short-Form 36 (SF-36) and the EuroQol health related quality of life questionnaire (EQ5D) were assessed and compared to international data from other research groups.

Results
Twenty-one patients (mean age 36.3 years) with ARDS receiving ECMO for refractory hypoxemia were studied. Eighteen (86%) patients were retrieved from external intensive care units (ICUs) by a dedicated ECMO retrieval team. Eleven (55%) had H1N1 influenza A-associated pneumonitis. Eighteen (86%) patients survived to hospital discharge. Of the 18 survivors, ten (56%) were discharged to other hospitals and 8 (44%) were discharged directly home. Sequelae and health related quality of life were evaluated for 15 of the 18 (71%) long-term survivors (assessment at median 8 months). Mean SF-36 scores were significantly lower across all domains compared to age and sex matched Australian norms. Mean SF-36 scores were lower (minimum important difference at least 5 points) than previously described ARDS survivors in the domains of general health, mental health, vitality and social function. One patient had long-term disability as a result of ICU acquired weakness. Only 26% of survivors had returned to previous work levels at the time of follow-up.

Conclusions
This ARDS cohort had a high survival rate (86%) after use of ECMO support for reversible refractory hypoxemia. Long term survivors had similar physical health but decreased mental health, general health, vitality and social function compared to other ARDS survivors and an unexpectedly poor return to work.
Characterization of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells in suspension
Authors: Akiyama Kentaro , You Yong-Ouk , Yamaza Takayoshi , Chen Chider , Tang Liang , Jin Yan , Chen Xiao-Dong , Gronthos Stan , Shi Songtao 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Introduction
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) are a heterogeneous population of postnatal precursor cells with the capacity of adhering to culture dishes generating colony-forming unit-fibroblasts (CFU-F). Here we identify a new subset of BMMSCs that fail to adhere to plastic culture dishes and remain in culture suspension (S-BMMSCs).

Methods
To catch S-BMMSCs, we used BMMSCs-produced extracellular cell matrix (ECM)-coated dishes. Isolated S-BMMSCs were analyzed by in vitro stem cell analysis approaches, including flow cytometry, inductive multiple differentiation, western blot and in vivo implantation to assess the bone regeneration ability of S-BMMSCs. Furthermore, we performed systemic S-BMMSCs transplantation to treat systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)-like MRL/lpr mice.

Results
S-BMMSCs are capable of adhering to ECM-coated dishes and showing mesenchymal stem cell characteristics with distinction from hematopoietic cells as evidenced by co-expression of CD73 or Oct-4 with CD34, forming a single colony cluster on ECM, and failure to differentiate into hematopoietic cell lineage. Moreover, we found that culture-expanded S-BMMSCs exhibited significantly increased immunomodulatory capacities in vitro and an efficacious treatment for SLE-like MRL/lpr mice by rebalancing regulatory T cells (Tregs) and T helper 17 cells (Th17) through high NO production.

Conclusions
These data suggest that it is feasible to improve immunotherapy by identifying a new subset BMMSCs.
Estrogen Receptors Are Found in Glia and at Extranuclear Neuronal Sites in the Dorsal Striatum of Female Rats: Evidence for Cholinergic But Not Dopaminergic Colocalization
Authors: Almey Anne , Filardo Edward J. , Milner Teresa A. , Brake Wayne G. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Estrogens rapidly affect dopamine (DA) neurotransmission in the dorsal striatum (dSTR) and DA-related diseases, such as Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia. How estrogens influence DA function remains unclear, in part, because the ultrastructural localization of estrogen receptors (ER) in the dSTR is not known. Light microscopic studies of the dSTR have suggested the presence of ER. This experiment used electron microscopy to determine whether these ER are at extranuclear sites in the dSTR, providing evidence for a mechanism through which estrogen could rapidly affect DA transmission. The dSTR was labeled with antibodies for ERα, ERβ, and G protein-coupled ER 1 (GPER-1) to confirm whether these ER were present in this brain area. After this, the dSTR was dual labeled with antibodies for ERα or GPER-1 and tyrosine hydroxylase or vesicular acetylcholine transporter to determine whether ER are localized to dopaminergic and/or cholinergic processes, respectively. Ultrastructural analysis revealed immunoreactivity (IR) for ERα, ERβ, and GPER-1 exclusively at extranuclear sites throughout the dSTR. ERα-, ERβ-, and GPER-1-IR are mostly frequently observed in axons and glial profiles but are also localized to other neuronal profiles. Dual labeling revealed that ERα- and GPER-1-IR is not associated with DA axons and terminals but is sometimes associated with cholinergic neurons. Because these receptors are exclusively extranuclear in the dSTR, binding at these receptors likely affects neurotransmission via nongenomic mechanisms.
Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes of Corticosteroid Excess
Authors: Pimenta Eduardo , Wolley Martin , Stowasser Michael 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Corticosteroid excess is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Patients with Cushings's syndrome, either caused by endogenous or exogenous glucocorticoid excess, and patients with primary aldosteronism have increased cardiovascular risk. The increase in risk is mediated partly by traditional cardiovascular risk factors including hypertension and metabolic syndrome but also by other, less well-characterized mechanisms. Experimental and human studies have shown that target organ deterioration induced by aldosterone depends on concomitant high dietary salt intake. Key ongoing research questions that warrant further study by both clinical and experimental approaches include the following: 1) beyond inducing the metabolic syndrome, what are the mechanisms by which glucocorticoids are associated with excess cardiovascular risk, 2) what are the cellular pathways by which excessive mineralocorticoid receptor activation brings about cardiovascular and renal damage, and 3) why is salt critical in this process?
Quantum Dot Motion on Microtubules
Authors: Sikora Aurélien , Oliveira Daniel , Kim Kyongwan , Liao Andrew L , Umetsu Mitsuo , Kumagai Izumi , Adschiri Tadafumi , Hwang Wonmuk , Teizer Winfried 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Kinesin is one of the numerous motor proteins present in the cell. Its function is to transport cargo along microtubules, which serve as tracks, by efficiently making use of chemical energy. Here, we have studied the translocation of quantum dots by kinesin. Kinesin was bacterially expressed and conjugated to quantum dots, thus allowing observation of the motion of the quantum dots along the microtubules by fluorescence microscopy. The velocity was determined by a kymograph, and was in agreement with expectations.