bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative evaluation of local control strategies in localized Ewing sarcoma of bone: A report from the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: DuBois Steven G. , Krailo Mark D. , Gebhardt Mark C. , Donaldson Sarah S. , Marcus Karen J. , Dormans John , Shamberger Robert C. , Sailer Scott , Nicholas Richard W. , Healey John H. , Tarbell Nancy J. , Randall R. Lor , Devidas Meenakshi , Meyer James S. , Granowetter Linda , Womer Richard B. , Bernstein Mark , Marina Neyssa , Grier Holcombe E. 
Published: September 2014

BACKGROUNDPatients with Ewing sarcoma require local primary tumor control with surgery, radiation, or both. The optimal choice of local control for overall and local disease control remains unclear.METHODSPatients with localized Ewing sarcoma of bone who were treated on 3 consecutive protocols with standard‐dose, 5‐drug chemotherapy every 3 weeks were included (n=465). Propensity scores were used to control for differences between local control groups by constructing multivariate models to assess the impact of local control type on clinical endpoints (event‐free survival [EFS], overall survival, local failure, and distant failure) independent of differences in their propensity to receive each local control type.RESULTSPatients who underwent surgery were younger (P=.02) and had more appendicular tumors (P<.001). Compared with surgery, radiation had higher unadjusted risks of any event (hazard ratio [HR], 1.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.18‐2.44), death (HR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.18‐2.85), and local failure (HR, 2.57; 95% CI, 1.37‐4.83). On multivariate analysis, compared with surgery, radiation had a higher risk of local failure (HR, 2.41; 95% CI, 1.24‐4.68), although there were no significant differences in EFS (HR, 1.42; 95% CI, 0.94‐2.14), overall survival (HR, 1.37; 95% CI, 0.83‐2.26), or distant failure (HR, 1.13; 95% CI, 0.70‐1.84) between local control groups.CONCLUSIONSIn this large group of similarly treated patients, choice of the mode of local control was not related significantly to EFS, overall survival, or distant failure, although the risk of local failure was greater for radiation compared with surgery. These data support surgical resection when appropriate, whereas radiotherapy remains a reasonable alternative in selected patients. Cancer 2015;121:467–475. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Generation of point‐mutant FAK knockin mice
Authors: Tavora B. , Batista S. , Alexopoulou A.N. , Kostourou V. , Fernandez I. , Robinson S.D. , Lees D.M. , Serrels B. , Hodivala‐Dilke K. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryFocal adhesion kinase is a non‐receptor protein tyrosine kinase with signaling functions downstream of integrins and growth factor receptors. In addition to its role in adhesion, migration, and proliferation it also has non‐kinase scaffolding functions in the nucleus. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) activation involves the following: (1) ligand bound growth factors or clustered integrins activate FAK kinase domain; (2) FAK autophosphorylates tyrosine (Y) 397; (3) Src binds pY397 and phosphorylates FAK at various other sites including Y861; (4) downstream signaling of activated FAK elicits changes in cellular behavior. Although many studies have demonstrated roles for the kinase domain, Y397 and Y861 sites, in vitro much less is known about their functions in vivo. Here, we report the generation of a series of FAK‐mutant knockin mice where mutant FAK, either kinase dead, non‐phosphorylatable mutants Y397F and Y861F, or mutant Y397E—containing a phosphomimetic site that results in a constitutive active Y397, can be expressed in a Cre inducible fashion driven by the ROSA26 promoter. In future studies, intercrossing these mice with FAKflox/flox mice and inducible cre‐expressing mice will enable the in vivo study of mutant FAK function in the absence of endogenous FAK in a spatially and temporally regulated fashion within the whole organism. genesis 52:907–915, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A step too far? Leader racism inhibits transgression credit
Authors: Abrams Dominic , Travaglino Giovanni A. , Randsley de Moura Georgina , May Philip J. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractPrior research established that when in‐group leaders commit serious transgressions, such as breaking enforceable rules or engaging in bribery, people treat them leniently compared with similarly transgressive regular group members or out‐group leaders (‘transgression credit’). The present studies test a boundary condition of this phenomenon, specifically the hypothesis that transgression credit will be lost if a leader's action implies racist motivation. In study 1, in a corporate scenario, a transgressive in‐group leader did or did not express racism. In study 2, in a sports scenario, an in‐group or out‐group leader or member transgressed rules with or without a racist connotation. Both studies showed that in‐group transgressive leaders lost their transgression credit if their transgression included a racial connotation. Wider implications for constraining leaders' transgressions are discussed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Update on primary head and neck mucosal melanoma
Authors: López Fernando , Rodrigo Juan P. , Cardesa Antonio , Triantafyllou Asterios , Devaney Kenneth O. , Mendenhall William M. , Haigentz Missak , Strojan Primož , Pellitteri Phillip K. , Bradford Carol R. , Shaha Ashok R. , Hunt Jennifer L. , de Bree Remco , Takes Robert P. , Rinaldo Alessandra , Ferlito Alfio 
Published: September 2014

AbstractPrimary mucosal melanomas (PMMs) of the head and neck are uncommon malignancies that arise mainly in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, followed by the oral cavity. The mainstay of treatment is radical surgical resection followed by adjuvant radiotherapy in selected patients with high‐risk features. Multimodality therapy has not been well studied and is not standardized. Adjuvant radiotherapy seems to improve locoregional control but does not improve overall survival (OS). Elective neck dissection is advocated in patients with oral PMM. Systemic therapy should be considered only for patients with metastatic or unresectable locoregional disease. Despite improvements in the field of surgery, radiotherapy, and systemic therapy, patients with PMM still face a very unfavorable prognosis (5‐year disease‐free survival [DFS] <20%) with high rates of locoregional recurrence and distant metastasis. The present review aims to summarize the current state of knowledge on the molecular biology, pathological diagnosis, and management of this disease. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Head Neck38: 147–155, 2016
An improved bias correction scheme based on comparative precipitation characteristics
Authors: Kim Kue Bum , Bray Michaela , Han Dawei 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBias correction is a necessary post‐processing procedure in order to use regional climate model (RCM) simulated local climate variables as the input data for hydrological models owing to systematic errors of RCMs. Most of present bias correction methods adjust statistical properties between observed and simulated data on the basis of calendar periods, e.g. month or season. However, this matching statistic is only a necessary condition, not a sufficient condition, as temporal distribution of the precipitation between observed and simulated data is ignored. This study suggests an improved bias correction scheme that considers not only statistical properties but also the temporal distribution between the time series of observed and modelled data. The ratio of the observed precipitation to simulated precipitation is used to compare the behaviour between the observed and modelled precipitation data, and three criteria are proposed when dividing bias correction periods: (1) underestimation of precipitation, (2) stability of /underestimation of precipitation, (2) stability of precipitation ratio and (3) oscillation of precipitation ratio. The results show that the output of the proposed bias correction method follows the trend of the observed precipitation better than that of the conventional bias correction method. This study indicates that temporal distribution should not be ignored when choosing a comparison period for bias correction. However, the study is only a preliminary attempt to address this important issue, and we hope it will stimulate more research activities to improve the methodology. Future efforts on several unsolved problems have been suggested such as how to find out the optimal group number to avoid the overfitting and underfitting conditions. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison between alkali heat treatment and sprayed hydroxyapatite coating on thermally‐sprayed rough Ti surface in rabbit model: Effects on bone‐bonding ability and osteoconductivity
Authors: Kawai Toshiyuki , Takemoto Mitsuru , Fujibayashi Shunsuke , Tanaka Masashi , Akiyama Haruhiko , Nakamura Takashi , Matsuda Shuichi 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIn this study, we investigated the effect of different surface treatments (hydroxyapatite (HA) coating, alkali heat treatment, and no treatment) on the ability of bone to bond to a rough arc‐sprayed Ti metal surface, using rabbit models. The bone‐to‐implant contacts for untreated, HA‐coated, and alkali heat‐treated implants were 21.2%, 72.1%, and 33.8% at 4 weeks, 21.8%, 70.9%, and 30.0% at 8 weeks, and 16.3%, 70.2%, and 29.9% at 16 weeks, respectively (n = 8). HA ‐coated implants showed significantly higher bone‐to‐implant contacts than the untreated and alkali heat‐treated implants at all the time point, whereas alkali heat‐treated implants showed significantly higher bone‐to‐implant contacts than untreated implants at 4 and 16 weeks. The failure loads in a mechanical test for untreated, HA coated, alkali heat‐treated plates were 65.4 N, 70.7 N, and 90.8 N at 4 weeks, 76.1 N, 64.7 N, and 104.8 N at 8 weeks and 88.7 N, 92.6 N, and 118.5 N at 16 weeks, respectively (n = 8). The alkali heat‐treated plates showed significantly higher failure loads than HA‐coated plates at 8 and 16 weeks. The difference between HA‐coated plates and untreated plates were not statistically significant at any time point. Thus HA coating, although it enables high bone‐to‐implant contact, may not enhance the bone‐bonding properties of thermally‐sprayed rough Ti metal surfaces. In contrast, alkali heat treatment can be successfully applied to thermally‐sprayed Ti metal to enhance both bone‐to‐implant contact and bone‐bonding strength. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 103B: 1069–1081, 2015.
Elevation of Serum Levels of Advanced Glycation End Products in Patients With Non‐B or Non‐C Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Kan Hiromi , Yamagishi Sho‐ichi , Ojima Ayako , Fukami Kei , Ueda Seiji , Takeuchi Masayoshi , Hyogo Hideyuki , Aikata Hiroshi , Chayama Kazuaki 
Published: September 2014

BackgroundThe prevalence of non‐B or non‐C hepatocellular carcinoma (NBNC‐HCC) has been increasing all over the world. Advanced glycation end products (AGE) play a role in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver injury or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).MethodsWe examined here whether serum levels of AGE were elevated in NBNC‐HCC patients compared with NASH subjects without HCC and investigated which anthropometric and clinical variables were independent determinants of AGE.ResultsNinety NBNC‐HCC, 56 NASH, and 27 control subjects underwent a complete history and physical examination, determination of blood chemistries, including AGE levels. Serum levels of AGE were significantly higher in NBNC‐HCC patients compared with NASH and control subjects [9.1 ± 2.7, 5.2 ± 1.7, 3.5 ± 1.2 (U/ml), respectively, P < 0.05]. Univariate analysis showed that AGE levels were associated with male (P < 0.05), age (P < 0.01), aspartate aminotransferase (P < 0.05), γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) (P < 0.01), HDL‐cholesterol (inversely, P < 0.01), fasting plasma glucose (P < 0.01), and HbA1c (P < 0.05). By the use of multiple stepwise regression analysis, age, GGT, and HDL‐cholesterol (inversely) remained significant and were independently related to AGE levels (R2 = 0.406).ConclusionThe present results suggest that AGE might be involved in the pathogenesis of NBNC‐HCC, thereby being a biomarker that could discriminate NBNC‐HCC from NASH.
The low‐temperature method for study of coniferous tissues in the environmental scanning electron microscope
Authors: Neděla Vilém , Tihlaříková Eva , Hřib Jiří 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTThe use of non‐standard low‐temperature conditions in environmental scanning electron microscopy might be promising for the observation of coniferous tissues in their native state. This study is aimed to analyse and evaluate the method based on the principle of low‐temperature sample stabilization. We demonstrate that the upper mucous layer is sublimed and a microstructure of the sample surface can be observed with higher resolution at lower gas pressure conditions, thanks to a low‐temperature method. An influence of the low‐temperature method on sample stability was also studied. The results indicate that high‐moisture conditions are not suitable for this method and often cause the collapse of samples. The potential improvement of stability to beam damage has been demonstrated by long‐time observation at different operation parameters. We finally show high applicability of the low‐temperature method on different types of conifers and Oxalis acetosella. Microsc. Res. Tech., 78:13–21, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Morphological and chemical characterization of mineral concretions in the freshwater bivalve Anodonta cygnea (Unionidae)
Authors: Hinzmann Mariana F. , Lopes‐Lima Manuel , Bobos Iulius , Ferreira Jorge , Domingues Bernardo , Machado Jorge 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTThe freshwater mussel Anodonta cygnea is commonly used as a model organism for biomineralization studies, its peculiar morphofunctional properties also make it an excellent environmental biomonitor. The first detailed on the calcareous concretions from gill and mantle tissue, as well as fluids of the freshwater bivalve A. cygnea, supported by histological, scanning, spectrometry, and spectroscopy analyses. Through these analyses, the morphology, structure, and chemical characterization of these biomineral concretions were accomplished. The concretions represent a high percentage of the dry weight of these organisms. In gill tissue, it can reach up to 50% of dry weight prior to reproductive maturity. Analysis of elemental composition of the tissue concretions showed the presence of calcium and phosphate, as main components, associated with other residual elements like iron, manganese, magnesium, and zinc. Concretions are arranged in concentric alternated layers of organic and inorganic matrix. The shape and size of the concretions vary substantially, from very small, less than 1 μm diameter with very regular round structure, found mainly in the mantle tissue, to more than 50 μm length with irregular globular clusters, found predominantly in the gills. The microstructural organization is of a hydroxyapatite polymorphism in the mantle, in contrast to the gills, which exhibit irregular structure and carbonated hydroxyapatite polymorphism. These differences are supported by higher contents of dinitrogen pentoxide, magnesium, and iron in the mantle concretions, but higher contents of manganese and zinc in the gills. Furthermore, the results indicate that the mineral concretion formation in A. cygnea is a hemocytes reaction to particle or toxic invasions. A second relevant role, concerns the close involvement of these microspherules on the adult and larval shell calcification. J. Morphol. 276:65–76, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Polymeric Suppression of Dopant‐Enhanced Surfactant Supramicellar Assemblies
Authors: Zhu Zifu , Reed Wayne F. 
Published: September 2014

Certain hydrophobic dopants in surfactant solutions cause massive “supramicellar assemblies” (SAs) to form near the critical micelle concentration (CMC), characterized by a light‐scattering peak (LSP). The SAs are large, dynamic, metastable nanostructures composed of surfactant/dopant. Here, a water‐soluble polymer, poly(vinylpyrollidone) (PVP) suppresses SA formation in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) solutions doped with dodecanol, but increases solution instability. Binding of SDS to PVP is stronger than micellization in the LSP regime, reflected in a decreased SA population and a dramatic reduction and inversion of Rayleigh scattering IR as [PVP] increases, since SAs are much more massive than PVP/SDS association structures. Above the LSP regime, SAs no longer exist and thus IR must re‐establish its order, increasing with increasing [PVP]. This causes a cross‐over in IR vs [SDS] with an “iso‐scattering point,” where IR converges at a specific [SDS]. Weak LSP suppression is found using dodecyl tri­ethyl ammonium bromide (DTAB). Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)’s effect is small compared with PVP.
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Triphenylamine‐Based Fluorescent Soft Matter: Interlaced Methyl Cinnamate Groups as the Dominant Interaction Tools for Gel Formation
Authors: Ma Hengchang , Ma Yuan , Li Wenfeng , Wang Feng , Zhu Fuping , Qi Chunxuan , Zhang Zhongwei , Yao Xiaoqiang , Lei Ziqiang 
Published: September 2014

Novel low‐molecular‐weight organic gelators (LMOGs) with propeller‐shaped triphenylamine as a “core” and tiny methyl acrylate groups as “tails,” are developed, which would not be thought to be a candidate for gel formation due to the absence of planar rigid aromatic building blocks and long‐chain alkyls. The sensitive gel–sol transformation can be easily achieved upon heating or cooling accompanied by molecular aggregation or disaggregation. H–H 2D NOESY is employed to prove that the π–π stacking between the interlaced tiny “tails” and the interaction between the superimposed phenyl and carbonyl groups of adjacent mole­cules are the dominant interaction forces. What is more, this soft interaction model can be regarded as a powerful tool in the design and construction of supramolecular structures in the future. At present, tris(4‐methyl cinnamate)amine synthesized by a single step, but with a gel‐formation ability and an aggrega­tion‐induced fluorescence emission property, has great potential application as functional soft matter in amorphous materials, photoelectric materials, and so on.
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Patterns and predictors of disclosure of a diagnosis of cancer
Authors: Munro Heather , Scott Suzanne E. , King Alex , Grunfeld Elizabeth A. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe value of talking (i.e. disclosing ones innermost thoughts and feelings) has been recognised as playing an important role in helping people work through their difficulties. Although disclosing a diagnosis of cancer has been identified to be one of the hardest aspects of having the disease, relatively little is known about the extent to which people talk about their diagnosis of cancer. This study aimed to identify disclosure patterns among patients with cancer and to determine the factors associated with disclosure.MethodsPatients (n = 120) who had received a diagnosis of either lung, colorectal or skin cancer completed a questionnaire assessing potential psychosocial predictors of disclosure.ResultsResults indicated that the majority of patients (95%) found it helpful to disclose information and did so to a variety of social targets, with the highest levels of disclosure being reported to medical personnel (38% talked ‘very much’), followed by family members (24%) and then friends (12%). There were no differences in disclosure across cancer types, with the exception of patients with colorectal cancer who disclosed information more to nurses and other cancer patients. Men disclosed information more than women to some social targets. Dispositional openness (B = .233, p < 0.05) and treatment type (B = −.240, p < 0.01) were found to predict 13% of the variance in degree of disclosure.ConclusionsThe results suggest that individual differences and social and clinical factors impact on disclosure and that medical professionals play an important role in the disclosure process. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Trajectories of personal control in cancer patients receiving psychological care
Authors: Zhu Lei , Schroevers Maya J. , van der Lee Marije , Garssen Bert , Stewart Roy E. , Sanderman Robbert , Ranchor Adelita V. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to (1) identify subgroups of cancer patients with distinct personal control trajectories during psychological care, (2) examine whether socio‐demographic, clinical, and psychological care characteristics could distinguish trajectories, and (3) examine differential patterns of psychological symptoms between trajectories.MethodsThis naturalistic study focused on 241 cancer patients receiving psychological care at psycho‐oncology institutions. Data were collected before the initiation of psychological care, and 3 and 9 months thereafter. Latent class growth analysis was applied to identify personal control trajectories.ResultsThree personal control trajectories were identified: enduring improvement (41%), temporary improvement (50%), and deterioration (9%). Education and baseline physical symptoms distinguished these trajectories. In the whole group, improvements in personal control were associated with improvements in psychological symptoms. Patients at distinct trajectories reported different levels of psychological symptoms, but did not differ in their courses of psychological symptoms. Patients in the enduring and temporary control improvement groups experienced significant psychological symptoms reductions over time, whereas patients in the control deterioration group maintained high psychological symptoms.ConclusionsImprovements in personal control seem to depend on initial control level: those who start with the highest control levels show subsequent improvements, whereas those with the lowest control levels show subsequent deterioration. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The New Literacies of Online Research and Comprehension: Rethinking the Reading Achievement Gap
Authors: Leu Donald J. , Forzani Elena , Rhoads Chris , Maykel Cheryl , Kennedy Clint , Timbrell Nicole 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIs there an achievement gap for online reading ability based on income inequality that is separate from the achievement gap in traditional, offline reading? This possibility was examined between students in two pseudonymous school districts: West Town (economically advantaged) and East Town (economically challenged;N = 256). Performance‐based assessments were used within a simulation of the Internet developed as part of a larger project. Seventh graders completed two online research and comprehension assessments, which evaluated four skill areas (locate, evaluate, synthesize, and communicate) and two knowledge domains in science. Students also completed an assessment of prior domain knowledge and a short Internet use questionnaire. Standardized state reading and writing test scores served as measures of offline literacy skills. Results indicated that there was a significant achievement gap favoring West Town students in offline reading scores, offline writing scores, and online research and comprehension scores. A significant gap persisted for online research and comprehension after we conditioned on pretest differences in offline reading, offline writing, and prior knowledge scores. The results of the questionnaire indicated that West Town students had greater access to the Internet at home and were required to use the Internet more in school. These results suggest that a separate and independent achievement gap existed for online reading, based on income inequality. Current estimates of this gap, which rely solely on measures of offline reading, may underrepresent the true nature of the U.S. reading achievement gap in an online age. Policy implications are explored.