bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multienvironment Performance of New Orange‐Fleshed Sweetpotato Cultivars in South Africa
Authors: Laurie S. M. , Booyse M. , Labuschagne M. T. , Greyling M. M. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTVitamin A deficiency is a serious health problem in South Africa, as in several parts of the world. One strategy to combat micronutrient deficiency is through biofortification, particularly through orange‐fleshed sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam]. Previously, a shortage existed in South Africa of orange‐fleshed genotypes with a combination of high dry mass, good yield, and good taste. Local cream‐fleshed parents and orange‐fleshed US introductions were used in the local polycross program. This study aimed at testing the agronomic performance, stability, and genetic diversity of newly developed orange‐fleshed genotypes. Twelve entries, nine with orange flesh color, were evaluated at four sites for two seasons in multienvironment trials and the data was subjected to ANOVA and genotype plus genotype‐by‐environment interaction (GGE) biplot analysis. Simple‐sequence repeat (SSR) analysis of the 12 entries was done followed by hierarchical clustering. Two of the orange‐fleshed cultivars were recommended for production and plant breeders’ rights were registered for these. Cultivar Impilo produced stable, high root yield similar to the commercial control cultivar Beauregard; while the elite breeding line Purple Sunset (2001_5_2) had high yield and specific adaptability. Both displayed average dry mass and acceptable taste. The genetic analysis indicated relatedness of most new genotypes with the cream‐fleshed parents used in the polycross program. The improved cultivars offer considerable yield advantage above US introductions previously recommended for combating vitamin A deficiency.
Selected Aircraft Throttle Controller With Support Of Fuzzy Expert Inference System
Authors: Żurek Józef , Grzesik Norbert , Kurpas Jakub 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The paper describes Zlin 143Lsi aircraft engine work parameters control support method – hourly fuel flow as a main factor under consideration. The method concerns project of aircraft throttle control support system with use of fuzzy logic (fuzzy inference). The primary purpose of the system is aircraft performance optimization, reducing flight cost at the same time and support proper aircraft engine maintenance. Matlab Software and Fuzzy Logic Toolbox were used in the project. Work of the system is presented with use of twenty test samples, five of them are presented graphically. In addition, system control surface, included in the paper, supports system all work range analysis.
Uncharacteristic Circumferential TMF Cracking in a Heavy-duty Stationary Gas Turbine Engine Burner Outlet
Authors: Neidel A. , Ullrich Th. , Wallich S. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Burners are key components of turbomachinery with internal combustion. They allow for a particularly lean combustion in heavy-duty stationary gas turbine engines for power stations and thus contribute significantly to economical operation. Depending on their design, burners are often subject to thermomechanical stress. This failure analysis is concerned with thermal cycling cracks at the burner outlet. Circumferential cracking, parallel to the component surface, is untypical for this damage mechanism. Thermal cycling and thermal-mechanical fatigue cracks usually spread in a radial direction. Possible causes could be the special kind of centrifugal casting structure or the high thermal tension, which might have built up during burner operation.
Plastid primers for angiosperm phylogenetics and phylogeography
Authors: Prince Linda M. 
Published: June 2015

Premise of the study:PCR primers are available for virtually every region of the plastid genome. Selection of which primer pairs to use is second only to selection of the genic region. This is particularly true for research at the species/population interface.Methods:Primer pairs for 130 regions of the chloroplast genome were evaluated in 12 species distributed across the angiosperms. Likelihood of amplification success was inferred based upon number and location of mismatches to target sequence. Intraspecific sequence variability was evaluated under three different criteria in four species.Results:Many published primer pairs should work across all taxa sampled, with the exception of failure due to genomic reorganization events. Universal barcoding primers were the least likely to work (65% success). The list of most variable regions for use within species has little in common with the lists identified in prior studies.Discussion:Published primer sequences should amplify a diversity of flowering plant DNAs, even those designed for specific taxonomic groups. “Universal” primers may have extremely limited utility. There was little consistency in likelihood of amplification success for any given publication across lineages or within lineage across publications.
Next‐generation sampling: Pairing genomics with herbarium specimens provides species‐level signal in Solidago (Asteraceae)
Authors: Beck James B. , Semple John C. 
Published: June 2015

Premise of the study:The ability to conduct species delimitation and phylogeny reconstruction with genomic data sets obtained exclusively from herbarium specimens would rapidly enhance our knowledge of large, taxonomically contentious plant genera. In this study, the utility of genotyping by sequencing is assessed in the notoriously difficult genus Solidago (Asteraceae) by attempting to obtain an informative single‐nucleotide polymorphism data set from a set of specimens collected between 1970 and 2010.Methods:Reduced representation libraries were prepared and Illumina‐sequenced from 95 Solidago herbarium specimen DNAs, and resulting reads were processed with the nonreference Universal Network‐Enabled Analysis Kit (UNEAK) pipeline. Multidimensional clustering was used to assess the correspondence between genetic groups and morphologically defined species.Results:Library construction and sequencing were successful in 93 of 95 samples. The UNEAK pipeline identified 8470 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms, and a filtered data set was analyzed for each of three Solidago subsections. Although results varied, clustering identified genomic groups that often corresponded to currently recognized species or groups of closely related species.Discussion:These results suggest that genotyping by sequencing is broadly applicable to DNAs obtained from herbarium specimens. The data obtained and their biological signal suggest that pairing genomics with large‐scale herbarium sampling is a promising strategy in species‐rich plant groups.
Revision and Psychometric Testing of the Incivility in Nursing Education (INE) Survey: Introducing the INE-R
Authors: Clark Cynthia M. , Barbosa-Leiker Celestina , Gill Larecia Money , Nguyen Danh 
Published: June 2015

Background:
Academic incivility is a serious challenge for nursing education, which needs to be empirically measured and fully addressed.

Method:
A convenience sample of nursing faculty and students from 20 schools of nursing in the United States participated in a mixed-methods study to test the psychometric properties of the Incivility in Nursing Education-Revised (INE-R) Survey.

Results:
A factor analysis and other reliability analyses support the use of the INE-R as a valid and reliable measurement of student and faculty perceptions of incivility in nursing education.

Conclusion:

The INE-R is a psychometrically sound instrument to measure faculty and student perceptions of incivility; to examine differences regarding levels of nursing education, program type, gender, age, and ethnicity; to compare perceptions of incivility between and among adjunct, clinical, teaching, and research faculty; and to conduct pre- and postassessments of the perceived levels of faculty and student incivility in nursing programs to inform evidence-based interventions. [
J Nurs Educ.
2015;54(6):306–315.]
Effects of a Community-Based Hospice Experience on Attitudes and Self-Perceived Competencies of Baccalaureate Senior Nursing Students
Authors: Gilliland Irene 
Published: June 2015

Background:
Educational programs preparing nurses have devoted little time in the curricula to the care of the dying patient and the grieving family.

Method:
An experimental design was used to determine the effects of a 2-day hospice experience on the attitudes and competencies of 61 baccalaureate nursing students enrolled in their final semester. Measures included an end-of-life attitudes survey, an end-of-life competency survey, and student reflections.

Results:
Mean scores changed significantly after the hospice experience, suggesting a positive attitude change as a result of the intervention. Although mean scores in competency changed, these were not statistically significant. Student reflections supported attitude changes about end-of-life care and improved competencies.

Conclusion:

Although the experience seemed to make a difference, larger samples and longer exposure to the care of the dying are needed to more accurately assess the impact of a hospice experience on student attitudes and competencies related to end-of-life care. [
J Nurs Educ
. 2015;54(6):335–338.]
Axial Globe Length in Congenital Ptosis
Authors: Takahashi Yasuhiro , Kang Hyera , Kakizaki Hirohiko 
Published: June 2015

Purpose:
To compare axial globe length between affected and unaffected sides in patients with unilateral congenital ptosis.

Methods:
This prospective observational study included 37 patients (age range: 7 months to 58 years). The axial globe length, margin reflex distance-1 (MRD-1), and refractive power were measured. The axial globe length difference was calculated by subtracting the axial globe length on the unaffected side from that of the affected side. The relationships among axial globe length differences, MRD-1 on the affected sides, and patient ages were analyzed using multiple regression analysis.

Results:

No significant differences were found in the axial globe length between sides (
P
= .677). The axial globe length difference was 0.17 ± 0.30 mm (mean ± standard deviation), and two patients (5.4%), aged 32 to 57 years, showed axial globe length more than 0.67 mm longer (corresponding to a refractive power of 2 diopters) on the affected side compared to the unaffected side. The multiple regression model between axial globe length difference, patient age, and MRD-1 on the affected sides was less appropriate (Y
AGL
= 0.003X
AGE
−0.048X
MRD-1
+0.112;
r
= 0.338; adjusted
r
2
= 0.062;
P
= .127). The cylindrical power was greater on the affected side (
P
= .046), although the spherical power was not different between sides (
P
= .657).

Conclusions:
No significant difference was identified in the axial globe length between sides, and only 5% of non-pediatric patients showed an axial globe length more than 0.67 mm longer on the affected side. Congenital ptosis may have little effect on axial globe length elongation, and the risk of axial myopia-induced anisometropic amblyopia may be low in patients with unilateral congenital ptosis.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2015;52(3):177–182.]
En Face Optical Coherence Tomography for Visualization of the Choroid
Authors: Savastano Maria Cristina , Rispoli Marco , Savastano Alfonso , Lumbroso Bruno 
Published: June 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To assess posterior pole choroid patterns in healthy eyes using en face optical coherence tomography (OCT).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
This observational study included 154 healthy eyes of 77 patients who underwent en face OCT. The mean age of the patients was 31.2 years (standard deviation: 13 years); 40 patients were women, and 37 patients were men. En face imaging of the choroidal vasculature was assessed using an OCT Optovue RTVue (Optovue, Fremont, CA). To generate an appropriate choroid image, the best detectable vessels in Haller’s layer below the retinal pigment epithelium surface parallel plane were selected.

RESULTS:
Images of diverse choroidal vessel patterns at the posterior pole were observed and recorded with en face OCT. Five different patterns of Haller’s layer with different occurrences were assessed. Pattern 1 (temporal herringbone) represented 49.2%, pattern 2 (branched from below) and pattern 3 (laterally diagonal) represented 14.2%, pattern 4 (doubled arcuate) was observed in 11.9%, and pattern 5 (reticular feature) was observed in 10.5% of the reference plane.

CONCLUSION:
In vivo assessment of human choroid microvasculature in healthy eyes using en face OCT demonstrated five different patterns. The choroid vasculature pattern may play a role in the origin and development of neuroretinal pathologies, with potential importance in chorioretinal diseases and circulatory abnormalities.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2015;46:561–565.]
Access to Care and Outcomes With the Affordable Care Act for Persons With Criminal Legal Involvement
Authors: Jolin James René , Barsky Benjamin A. , Wade Carrie G. , Rosenthal Meredith B. 
Published: August 2024

ImportanceBy expanding health insurance to millions of people in the US, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) may have important health, economic, and social welfare implications for people with criminal legal involvement—a population with disproportionately high morbidity and mortality rates.ObjectiveTo scope the literature for studies assessing the association of any provision of the ACA with 5 types of outcomes, including insurance coverage rates, access to care, health outcomes, costs of care, and social welfare outcomes among people with criminal legal involvement.Evidence ReviewThe literature search included results from PubMed, CINAHL Complete, APA Psycinfo, Embase, Social Science Database, and Web of Science and was conducted to include articles from January 1, 2014, through December 31, 2023. Only original empirical studies were included, but there were no restrictions on study design.FindingsOf the 3538 studies initially identified for potential inclusion, the final sample included 19 studies. These 19 studies differed substantially in their definition of criminal legal involvement and units of analysis. The studies also varied with respect to study design, but difference-in-differences methods were used in 10 of the included studies. With respect to outcomes, 100 unique outcomes were identified across the 19 studies, with at least 1 in all 5 outcome categories determined prior to the literature search. Health insurance coverage and access to care were the most frequently studied outcomes. Results for the other 3 outcome categories were mixed, potentially due to heterogeneous definitions of populations, interventions, and outcomes and to limitations in the availability of individual-level datasets that link incarceration data with health-related data.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this scoping review, the ACA was associated with an increase in insurance coverage and a decrease in recidivism rates among people with criminal legal involvement. Future research and data collection are needed to understand more fully health and nonhealth outcomes among people with criminal legal involvement related to the ACA and other health insurance policies—as well as the mechanisms underlying these relationships.
Neighborhood-Level Disparities in Hypertension Prevalence and Treatment Among Middle-Aged Adults
Authors: Blazel Madeleine M. , Perzynski Adam T. , Gunsalus Paul R. , Mourany Lyla , Gunzler Douglas D. , Jones Robert W. , Pfoh Elizabeth R. , Dalton Jarrod E. 
Published: August 2024

ImportanceHypertension in middle-aged adults (35-50 years) is associated with poorer health outcomes in late life. Understanding how hypertension varies by race and ethnicity across levels of neighborhood disadvantage may allow for better characterization of persistent disparities.ObjectiveTo evaluate spatial patterns of hypertension diagnosis and treatment by neighborhood socioeconomic position and racial and ethnic composition.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this cross-sectional study of middle-aged adults in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, who encountered primary care in 2019, geocoded electronic health record data were linked to the area deprivation index (ADI), a neighborhood disadvantage measure, at the US Census Block Group level (ie, neighborhood). Neighborhoods were stratified by ADI quintiles, with the highest quintile indicating the most disadvantage. Data were analyzed between August 7, 2023, and June 1, 2024.ExposureEssential hypertension.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was a clinician diagnosis of essential hypertension. Spatial analysis was used to characterize neighborhood-level patterns of hypertension prevalence and treatment. Interaction analysis was used to compare hypertension prevalence by racial and ethnic group within similar ADI quintiles.ResultsA total of 56 387 adults (median [IQR] age, 43.1 [39.1-46.9] years; 59.8% female) across 1157 neighborhoods, which comprised 3.4% Asian, 31.1% Black, 5.5% Hispanic, and 60.0% White patients, were analyzed. A gradient of hypertension prevalence across ADI quintiles was observed, with the highest vs lowest ADI quintile neighborhoods having a higher hypertension rate (50.7% vs 25.5%) and a lower treatment rate (61.3% vs 64.5%). Of the 315 neighborhoods with predominantly Black (&amp;gt;75%) patient populations, 200 (63%) had a hypertension rate greater than 35% combined with a treatment rate of less than 70%; only 31 of 263 neighborhoods (11.8%) comprising 5% or less Black patient populations met this same criterion. Compared with a spatial model without covariates, inclusion of ADI and percentage of Black patients accounted for 91% of variation in hypertension diagnosis prevalence among men and 98% among women. Men had a higher prevalence of hypertension than women across race and ADI quintiles, but the association of ADI and hypertension risk was stronger in women. Sex prevalence differences were smallest between Black men and women, particularly in the highest ADI quintile (1689 [60.0%] and 2592 [56.0%], respectively).Conclusions and RelevanceThese findings show an association between neighborhood deprivation and hypertension prevalence, with disparities observed particularly among Black patients, emphasizing a need for structural interventions to improve community health.
Balancing the Co‐Solvent Content in High Entropy Aqueous Electrolytes to Obtain 2.2 V Symmetric Supercapacitors
Authors: González‐Aguilera Laura , Vicent‐Luna José Manuel , Tao Shuxia , Calero Sofia , Madero‐Castro Rafael M. , Raymundo‐Piñero Encarnación , Lu Xuejun , Gutiérrez María C. , Ferrer M. Luisa , del Monte Francisco 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe energy storage capability of supercapacitors (SCs) strongly depend on the operating cell voltage of the electrolytes of choice. In this regard, the inherent distinct electrochemical stability of cations and anions is a factor of relevance for the operating cell voltage. The use of double salts sharing one ion has been described as an approach to circumvent this problem, but whether modifying the solvation structure of cations and anions with different solvent molecules (coordinating and/or non‐coordinating) could help balance their electrochemical stability in SCs has not yet been fully addressed. In this work, electrolytes are prepared by combining solvent mixtures and double salts, specifically 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (EMIMTFSI) and 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (EMIMBF4) in mixtures of water (H2O) and dimethysulfoxide (DMSO) as coordinating co‐solvents and acetonitrile (CH3CN) as a weakly coordinating one. It is found that the presence of this latter one helped to enhanced the cation solvation structure (above 9). This increase of the entropic features allows operating at cell voltages of up to 2.2 V and the subsequent enhancement of the energy storage capabilities and capacitance retentions (up to 15 Wh kg−1 and ≈87% after 10 000 cycles, respectively).
Fabrication and Temporal Dependency Osteogenic Regulation of Dual‐Scale Hierarchical Microstructures on Medical Metal Surface
Authors: Lu Hao , Li Zhijun , Zhu Lida , Xu Peihua , Wang Hai , Li Yonghao , Zhao Weidong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe structural characteristics at the interface of bone implants can guide biological regulation. In this study, a dual‐scale hierarchical microstructure is proposed and customized using hybrid machining to achieve temporal dependency osteogenic regulation. It is observed that osteoblasts induced by dual‐scale hierarchical structure exhibit adequate protrusion development and rapid cell attachment through the modulation of mechanical forces in the cell growth environment, and further promot the upregulation of the cell membrane receptor PDGFR‐α, which is related to cell proliferation. Afterward, transcriptomic analysis reveals that during the differentiation stage, the DSH structure regulates cellular signaling cascades primarily through integrin adhesion mechanisms and then accelerates osteogenic differentiation by activating the TGF‐β pathway and cAMP signaling pathway. Furthermore, the calcium nodules are preferentially deposited within the lower honeycomb‐like channels, thereby endowing the proposed dual‐scale hierarchical structure with the potential to induce oriented deposition and improve the long‐term stability of the implant.
Dynamic Electric Discharge Paths in Liquid Metal Marble Arrays
Authors: Yu Ruohan , Chi Yuan , Zheng Jiewei , Fuchs Richard , Lv Peifeng , Nor‐Azman Nur‐Adania , Johnston Lucy , Mao Yuanzhu , Gao Shanshi , Tang Junma , Rahim Md. Arifur , Peng Shuhua , Kaner Richard , Mao Guangzhao , Kalantar‐Zadeh Kourosh , Tang Jianbo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractElectric discharge occurs ubiquitously in both natural and engineered systems, where the discharge paths provide critical information. However, control and visualization of discharge patterns is a challenging task. Here arrays of liquid metal marbles, droplets of a gallium‐indium eutectic alloy with a copper‐doped ZnS luminescent coating, are designed for pixelated visualization of electric discharge paths at optical imaging length‐scales. The ZnS particles embed themselves into the surface of liquid metal droplets and are anchored by a self‐limiting gallium oxide layer. The operation is achieved by generating spark discharges at inter‐marble air gaps and reduced voltage drop across highly conducting liquid metal droplets. By taking advantage of the malleability of soft liquid metal marbles, the dynamic visualization platforms allow the manipulation of discharge path selections in configurable marble arrays and the embedding of artificial defect features. The systems are further integrated for characterizing dynamic changes in granular and soft systems, and for enabling logic computing and information encoded display. This demonstration holds promises for creating new‐generation electric discharge‐based optoelectronics.