bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of Mitochondrial Coenzyme A Transporters from Maize and Arabidopsis
Authors: Zallot Rémi , Agrimi Gennaro , Lerma-Ortiz Claudia , Teresinski Howard J. , Frelin Océane , Ellens Kenneth W. , Castegna Alessandra , Russo Annamaria , de Crécy-Lagard Valérie , Mullen Robert T. , Palmieri Ferdinando , Hanson Andrew D. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Plants make coenzyme A (CoA) in the cytoplasm but use it for reactions in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and peroxisomes, implying that these organelles have CoA transporters. A plant peroxisomal CoA transporter is already known, but plant mitochondrial or chloroplastic CoA transporters are not. Mitochondrial CoA transporters belonging to the mitochondrial carrier family, however, have been identified in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Leu-5p) and mammals (SLC25A42). Comparative genomic analysis indicated that angiosperms have two distinct homologs of these mitochondrial CoA transporters, whereas nonflowering plants have only one. The homologs from maize (Zea mays; GRMZM2G161299 and GRMZM2G420119) and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana; At1g14560 and At4g26180) all complemented the growth defect of the yeast leu5Ɗ mitochondrial CoA carrier mutant and substantially restored its mitochondrial CoA level, confirming that these proteins have CoA transport activity. Dual-import assays with purified pea (Pisum sativum) mitochondria and chloroplasts, and subcellular localization of green fluorescent protein fusions in transiently transformed tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) Bright Yellow-2 cells, showed that the maize and Arabidopsis proteins are targeted to mitochondria. Consistent with the ubiquitous importance of CoA, the maize and Arabidopsis mitochondrial CoA transporter genes are expressed at similar levels throughout the plant. These data show that representatives of both monocotyledons and eudicotyledons have twin, mitochondrially located mitochondrial carrier family carriers for CoA. The highly conserved nature of these carriers makes possible their reliable annotation in other angiosperm genomes.
Novel morphological study of solar lentigines by immunohistochemical and electron microscopic evaluation
Authors: Watanabe Tessin , Tahira Makoto , Morino Shinichi , Horie Takashi , Adachi Koji , Tsutsumi Reiko , Yamada Nanako , Yoshida Yuich , Yamamoto Osamu 
Published: April 2013

AbstractSolar lentigines (SL) are hyperpigmented lesions generally seen in elderly people. Their pathogenesis has not been completely elucidated. We examined 75 cases of SL using routine histopathology and immunohistochemistry. In addition, seven cases were evaluated by electron microscopy. Histopathologically, we observed vacuolar changes in the dermoepidermal junction in 85% of the cases. Dermal melanophages were seen in 77% of the cases. The immunohistochemical expression rates in the epidermis for cytokeratin (CK)15, CK14, CK10, p63 and nestin were 76%, 100%, 100%, 100% and 17%, respectively. In 58 cases showing dermal melanophages, expression rates of CD163 and factor XIIIa on melanophages were 79% and 83%, respectively. Double positivity for both proteins was identified in 44 cases (75%). Ultrastructurally, vacuolar structures were seen in the cytoplasm of basal cells and upper dermis in all cases examined. We observed elimination processes of damaged basal keratinocytes, which were probably produced by ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, into the papillary dermis. The segregated damaged cell bodies containing melanin granules seemed to be phagocytosed by poorly immunostimulatory macrophages labeled immunohistochemically by CD163 and factor X IIIa, contributing to prolonged pigmentation of SL. In addition, repeated basal keratinocyte damages may be in association with altered CK and p63 expression patterns in the constituent cells of SL.
Diffraction imaging of sub‐vertical fractures and karst with full‐resolution 3D Ground‐Penetrating Radar
Authors: Grasmueck Mark , Quintà Miquel Coll , Pomar Kenri , Eberli Gregor P. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTVertical fractures with openings of less than one centimetre and irregular karst cause abundant diffractions in Ground‐Penetrating Radar (GPR) records. GPR data acquired with half‐wavelength trace spacing are uninterpretable as they are dominated by spatially undersampled scattered energy. To evaluate the potential of high‐density 3D GPR diffraction imaging a 200 MHz survey with less than a quarter wavelength grid spacing (0.05 m × 0.1 m) was acquired at a fractured and karstified limestone quarry near the village of Cassis in Southern France. After 3D migration processing, diffraction apices line up in sub‐vertical fracture planes and cluster in locations of karstic dissolution features. The majority of karst is developed at intersections of two or more fractures and is limited in depth by a stratigraphic boundary. Such high‐resolution 3D GPR imaging offers an unprecedented internal view of a complex fractured carbonate reservoir model analogue. As seismic and GPR wave kinematics are similar, improvements in the imaging of steep fractures and irregular voids at the resolution limit can also be expected from high‐density seismic diffraction imaging.
Making words count: Coalition agreements and cabinet management
Authors: Indridason Indridi H. , Kristinsson Gunnar Helgi 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe cabinet is a central actor in policy making in parliamentary systems. Yet, relatively little is known about how coalition cabinets operate. The delegation of decision‐making authority to ministers invites policy drift, which threatens the cohesiveness of the cabinet's policy programme. Cabinets employ a variety of methods to contain policy drift. The writing of coalition agreements is among the major tools, but there are others, including limiting ministerial autonomy and the use of junior ministers to shadow ministers. The present study demonstrates that coalition agreements are written to contain policy drift and that it is directly related to the degree of hierarchy in the cabinet. It studies the factors that affect the likelihood of a coalition agreement being written and how extensive they are, if written. Among these are the ideological diversity found in the cabinet, the use of alternative methods for controlling ministers and the complexity of the bargaining situation.
Liraglutide protects pancreatic beta cells during an early intervention in Gato‐Kakizaki rats (Gato‐Kakizaki大鼠使用利拉鲁肽进行早期干预可以保护胰腺β细胞)
Authors: Luo Xiu , Pan Linlin , Nie Aifang , Wang Qidi , Gu Yanyun , Li Fengying , Zhang Hongli , Li Wenyi , Li Xiaoying 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundGlucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) analogues have emerged as insulin secretagogues and are widely used in type 2 diabetic patients. GLP‐1 analogues also demonstrate a promotion of beta cell proliferation and reduction of apoptosis in rodents. In the present study, we investigated the protection of pancreatic beta cells by early use (at the age of 2 weeks) of GLP‐1 analogue, liraglutide in Gato‐Kakizaki (GK) rats and explored the underlying mechanisms.MethodsThe effects of liraglutide on glucose tolerance were evaluated by intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) and insulin release tests (IRT). Ki67 and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) immunostaining, Western blots and real‐time polymerase chain reaction were applied to evaluate cell proliferation, apoptosis and related gene expressions.ResultsOur results demonstrated that early use of liraglutide improved glucose tolerance during liraglutide treatment in GK rats. Liraglutide increased pancreatic insulin contents and markedly reduced beta cell apoptosis. Liraglutide also downregulated pro‐apoptotic gene expressions and reduced intra‐islet macrophage infiltration.ConclusionsThis experiment reported for the first time that early use of liraglutide could protect beta cell failure in pre‐diabetic GK rats through reduction of beta cell apoptosis and ameliorating islet inflammation.
DNA barcoding species inventory of Microgastrinae wasps (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) from a Mexican tropical dry forest
Authors: Fernández‐Flores S. , Fernández‐Triana J. L. , Martínez J. J. , Zaldívar‐Riverón A. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe cosmopolitan Microgastrinae is probably the most diverse braconid subfamily of parasitoid wasps, yet its species diversity is far from being known. As part of a global initiative for DNA barcoding Microgastrinae species, here we show the results of a study that assessed the species richness of this subfamily in a Mexican tropical dry forest located in the Chamela region, near the Pacific coast of Jalisco. Barcoding sequences of a total of 551 microgastrine specimens were generated, corresponding to 238 haplotypes. Performance of two species delineation approaches, a 2% corrected pairwise distance criterion and the general mixed Yule‐coalescent (GMYC) method, yielded 100 and 112 putative species, respectively, which belong to 13 genera. The species delimited by the above two approaches were mostly congruent with our morphospecies identification. Ten molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs) were split into twenty‐two species by the GMYC approach. We found morphological differences between the GMYC species corresponding to three of these MOTUs. Thus, a total of 103 microgastrine species were confirmed for the region of study. Thirty‐three species were only represented by males, and therefore, their generic assignment is only tentatively proposed. Fornicia, Dolichogenoidea, Distatrix, Glyptapanteles and Pholetesor represent new generic records for the Mexican territory. A new record for the country is also provided for the Diolcogaster‐basimacula species group. Based on a comparison of nearly 20 000 barcoding sequences released for Microgastrinae from 75 countries, only five microgastrine species from Chamela were found to occur in other countries, four in Costa Rica and one in Canada and the United States.
Next step for reducing seabird bycatch
Authors: Sha J. 
Published: April 2013

Read the Feature Paper: Estimates of seabird incidental catch by pelagic longline fisheries in the South Atlantic OceanOther Commentaries on this paper: Finding the missing pieces: working to solve the fisheries bycatch puzzle; Requisite improvements to the estimation of seabird by‐catch in pelagic longline fisheriesResponse from the authors: Incidental catch of seabirds: strengthening observer programs and increasing cooperation
Stylet‐ or forceps‐guided tube exchanger to facilitate GlideScope® intubation in simulated difficult intubations – a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Jeon W. J. , Shim J. H. , Cho S. Y. , Baek S. J. 
Published: April 2013

SummaryThe GlideScope® videolaryngoscope is widely used in the management of the difficult airway. However, passing the tracheal tube through the vocal cords can be awkward, and the use of a stylet to guide insertion is recommended. This randomised controlled trial evaluated a forceps‐guided tube exchanger as an alternative to the stylet to aid intubation with the GlideScope in patients undergoing anaesthesia, with a simulated difficult airway created by the application of a semi‐rigid cervical collar. Data were analysed from 178 patients randomly assigned to undergo intubation using either the stylet (n = 88) or a forceps‐guided tube exchanger (n = 90). All intubations were completed successfully, with first attempt rates of 93.2% using the stylet and 94.4% using the exchanger (p = 0.597). The mean (SD) intubation time was 67.8 (28.7) s in the stylet group and 66.1 (15.5) s in the forceps‐guided tube exchanger group (p = 0.11). The frequency of sore throat 1 h after extubation was 34.1% in the stylet group and 2.2% in the tube exchanger group (p < 0.001); 24 h after extubation the corresponding figures were 40.0% and 11.1% (p < 0.001). Using a forceps‐guided tube exchanger may offer an advantage over a stylet in guiding tracheal intubation when the GlideScope is used.
The impact of internet and simulation‐based training on transoesophageal echocardiography learning in anaesthetic trainees: a prospective randomised study
Authors: Sharma V. , Chamos C. , Valencia O. , Meineri M. , Fletcher S. N. 
Published: April 2013

SummaryWith the increasing role of transoesophageal echocardiography in clinical fields other than cardiac surgery, we decided to assess the efficacy of multi‐modular echocardiography learning in echo‐naïve anaesthetic trainees. Twenty‐eight trainees undertook a pre‐test to ascertain basic echocardiography knowledge, following which the study subjects were randomly assigned to two groups: learning via traditional methods such as review of guidelines and other literature (non‐internet group); and learning via an internet‐based echocardiography resource (internet group). After this, subjects in both groups underwent simulation‐based echocardiography training. More tests were then conducted after a review of the respective educational resources and simulation sessions. Mean (SD) scores of subjects in the non‐internet group were 28 (10)%, 44 (10)% and 63 (5)% in the pre‐test, post‐intervention test and post‐simulation test, respectively, whereas those in the internet group scored 29 (8)%, 59 (10)%, (p = 0.001) and 72 (8)%, p = 0.005, respectively. The use of internet‐ and simulation‐based learning methods led to a significant improvement in knowledge of transoesophageal echocardiography by anaesthetic trainees. The impact of simulation‐based training was greater in the group who did not use the internet‐based resource. We conclude that internet‐ and simulation‐based learning methods both improve transoesophageal echocardiography knowledge in echo‐naïve anaesthetic trainees.
SH2B3 (LNK) mutations from myeloproliferative neoplasms patients have mild loss of function against wild type JAK2 and JAK2 V617F
Authors: Koren‐Michowitz Maya , Gery Sigal , Tabayashi Takayuki , Lin Dechen , Alvarez Rocio , Nagler Arnon , Koeffler H. Phillip 
Published: April 2013

SummarySomatic point mutations in the PH domain of SH2B3 (LNK), an adaptor protein that is highly expressed in haematopoietic cells, were recently described in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms. We studied the effect of these mutations on the JAK2 signalling pathway in cells expressing either wild type JAK2 or the JAK2 V617F mutation. Compared to wild type SH2B3, PH domain mutants have mild loss of function, with no evidence for a dominant‐negative effect. Mutants retain binding capacity for JAK2, an established SH2B3 target, as well as for the adaptor proteins 14‐3‐3 and CBL. Our data suggest that the loss of SH2B3 inhibitory function conferred by the PH domain mutations is mild and may collaborate with JAK2 V617F and CBL mutations in order to promote either the development or the progression of myeloproliferative neoplasms.
γ‐Secretase inhibition promotes fibrotic effects of albumin in proximal tubular epithelial cells
Authors: Slattery C , Jang Y , Kruger W A , Hryciw D H , Lee A , Poronnik P 
Published: April 2013

Background and PurposeAlbuminuria is an important biomarker of renal dysfunction and is a major mediator of renal damage and fibrosis during kidney disease. The mechanisms underlying albumin‐induced renal fibrosis remain unclear. There has been significant interest in γ‐secretase activity in tubular epithelial cells in recent times; however, its potential role in albumin‐induced fibrosis has not been investigated.Experimental ApproachThe primary aim of this study was to examine the role of γ‐secretase in albumin‐induced fibrotic effects in proximal tubular cells. The effects of increasing albumin concentrations on fibrosis indicators and mediators in the human HK‐2 cell line were examined in the presence and absence of a γ‐secretase inhibitor, compound E.Key ResultsTreatment with albumin resulted in a number of pro‐fibrotic effects, including up‐regulation of fibronectin, TGF‐β1 and the EGF‐R. Interestingly, similar effects were observed in response to treatment with the γ‐secretase inhibitor, compound E. Co‐treatment of cells with albumin and an EGF‐R inhibitor, AG‐1478, resulted in significant inhibition of the observed pro‐fibrotic effects, suggesting a major role for the EGF‐R in albumin‐induced fibrotic events. Albumin‐induced effects on the EGF‐R appeared to be mediated through inhibition of γ‐secretase activity and were dependent on ERK‐MAPK signalling.Conclusions and ImplicationsThese results provide novel insights into the mechanisms of albumin‐induced fibrotic effects in tubular epithelial cells, suggesting important roles for the γ‐secretase and the EGF‐R. These results suggest that the proposed use of γ‐secretase inhibitors as anti‐fibrotic agents requires further investigation.
Blood and fibroblast responses to thermoset BisGMA–TEGDMA/glass fiber‐reinforced composite implants in vitro
Authors: Abdulmajeed Aous A. , Walboomers X. F. , Massera Jonathan , Kokkari Anne K. , Vallittu Pekka K. , Närhi Timo O. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjectivesThis in vitro study was designed to evaluate both blood and human gingival fibroblast responses on fiber‐reinforced composite (FRC) aimed to be used as oral implant abutment material.Material and methodsTwo different types of substrates were investigated: (a) Plain polymer (BisGMA 50%–TEGDMA 50%) and (b) FRC. The average surface roughness (Ra) was measured using spinning‐disk confocal microscope. The phase composition was identified using X‐ray diffraction analyzer. The degree of monomer conversion (DC%) was determined using FTIR spectrometry. The blood response, including the blood‐clotting ability and platelet adhesion morphology, was evaluated. Fibroblast cell responses were studied in cell culture environment using routine test conditions.ResultsThe Ra of the substrates investigated was less than 0.1 μm with no signs of surface crystallization. The DC% was 89.1 ± 0.5%. The FRC substrates had a shorter clotting time and higher platelets activation state than plain polymer substrates. The FRC substrates showed higher (P < 0.01–0.001) amount of adhered cells than plain polymer substrates at all time points investigated. The strength of attachment was evaluated using serial trypsinization, the number of cells detached from FRC substrates was 59 ± 5%, whereas those detached from the plane polymer substrates was 70 ± 5%, indicating a stronger (P < 0.01) cell attachment on the FRC surfaces. Fibroblasts grew more efficiently on FRC than on plain polymer substrates, showing significantly higher (P < 0.01) cell metabolic activities throughout the experiment.ConclusionsThe presence of E‐glass fibers enhances blood and fibroblast responses on composite surfaces in vitro.
Efficacy of probucol for the treatment of non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis with dyslipidemia: An open‐label pilot study
Authors: Ishitobi Tomokazu , Hyogo Hideyuki , Tokumo Hironori , Arihiro Koji , Chayama Kazuaki 
Published: April 2013

AimOxidative stress plays a pivotal role in the transition from simple steatosis to non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Probucol is a lipid‐lowering agent with strong antioxidant properties, and is reported to be effective for the treatment of NASH in several studies. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of probucol for the treatment of NASH with dyslipidemia.MethodsTwenty‐six patients with biopsy‐proven NASH accompanied by dyslipidemia were treated with 500 mg of probucol daily for 48 weeks. Body mass index, visceral fat area, liver function tests, serum lipids, fibrosis markers, ferritin, adiponectin, leptin, urinary 8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine (U‐8OHdG) and elasticity were measured periodically during the study. Follow‐up liver biopsy was performed in 18 patients.ResultsSerum levels of aminotransferases, total cholesterol and U‐8OHdG significantly decreased (P < 0.01). Levels of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), the Homeostasis Model of Assessment – Insulin Resistance index and serum levels of ferritin, type IV collagen 7S and hyaluronic acid significantly decreased (P < 0.05). The serum levels of adiponectin tended to be increased. Liver stiffness significantly decreased from 8.8 ± 6.8 to 6.6 ± 4.0 kPa (P < 0.01). Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease activity scores were significantly improved from 4.2 ± 1.4 to 3.4 ± 1.6 (P < 0.05) and fibrotic stages tended to be improved from 1.6 ± 0.8 to 1.3 ± 1.1, respectively. No adverse effects of this treatment were noted.ConclusionProbucol improved clinical and histological findings probably through its ability to reduce insulin resistance and oxidative stress. Probucol therapy was safe and effective for Japanese NASH patients with dyslipidemia.
Tumour‐associated macrophages might represent a favourable prognostic indicator in patients with papillary renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Hutterer Georg C , Pichler Martin , Chromecki Thomas F , Strini Karin A , Klatte Tobias , Pummer Karl , Remzi Mesut , Mannweiler Sebastian , Zigeuner Richard 
Published: April 2013

AimsTumour‐associated macrophages (TAM) have been reported to be regulators of progression in various human cancers. We evaluated the prognostic relevance of TAM in a large series of patients with papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC).Methods and resultsThe impact of TAM on cancer‐specific survival (CSS) in 177 patients with PRCC was assessed using the Kaplan–Meier method and log‐rank test. A multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed with respect to CSS. The presence of TAM was noted in 112 of 177 (63%) tumours and was associated statistically significantly with favourable pathological parameters, including low pathological T stage, node‐negative tumours, low tumour grade, absence of vascular invasion and papillary subtype (all P < 0.05), respectively. Five‐year CSS probabilities for patients with TAM‐positive tumours were 93.5%, compared with 72.5% in patients with TAM‐negative tumours, respectively (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed node‐positive tumours, distant metastases and UICC stage (I versus II–IV) as independent predictors of death from PRCC, whereas the presence of TAM was associated independently with favourable outcome (hazard ratio = 0.45, 95% confidence interval 0.24–0.84, P = 0.012).ConclusionsThe presence of TAM was shown independently to reduce the risk of death from cancer by 55%. The presence of TAM should therefore become part of routine pathology reporting in PRCC.
The role of glutamate decarboxylase 65 in gastric cancer development, progression, and prognosis
Authors: Song Yongxi , Li Shizheng , Wang Zhenning , Zhu Jinliang , Gao Peng , Wang Meixian , Dong Yulan , Xu Huimian 
Published: April 2013

AimsRecent studies have revealed that glutamate decarboxylase 65 (GAD65) plays important roles in cancer progression. The role of GAD65 in gastric cancer development, progression and prognosis is currently unknown, and we aimed to investigate this.Methods and resultsImmunohistochemistry revealed that GAD65 expression in 313 gastric cancer tissues was significantly higher than in 60 adjacent non‐tumour tissues. Moreover, the expression level of GAD65 significantly correlated with the depth of tumour invasion and TNM stage. GAD65 expression level was a significant prognostic factor in univariate survival analysis, but did not remain an independent prognostic factor following Cox multivariate analysis. For tumours with an intermediate type growth pattern, when those showing low expression of GAD65 were reclassified with expanding type tumours, and those showing high expression with infiltrative type tumours, there was a significant difference in prognosis between these two novel subgroups, and this remained a significant prognostic factor in multivariate analysis.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that GAD65 is involved in the development and progression of gastric cancer as a tumour oncoprotein. Further elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of GAD65 is warranted.