bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of targeted rheumatoid arthritis therapies on anti-citrullinated protein autoantibody levels and B cell responses
Authors: Modi S , Soejima M , Levesque M C 
Published: April 2013

Summary
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a complex inflammatory disorder associated with synovitis and joint destruction that affects an estimated 1·3 million Americans and causes significant morbidity, a reduced life-span and lost work productivity. The use of biological therapies for the treatment of RA is costly, and the selection of therapies is still largely empirical and not guided by the underlying biological features of the disease in individual patients. The synovitis associated with RA is characterized by an influx of B and T cells, macrophages and neutrophils and the expansion of fibroblast-like synoviocytes, which form pannus and lead to cartilage and bone destruction. RA is associated with synovial production of rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-citrullinated protein autoantibodies (ACPA) and with the production of inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-17 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, which are targets for RA therapeutics. Recent ideas about the pathogenesis of RA emphasize a genetic predisposition to develop RA, a preclinical phase of disease that is associated with the production of ACPA and the development of symptomatic disease following inflammatory initiating events that are associated with expression of citrullinated epitopes in the joints of patients. However, we still have a limited understanding of the cytokine and intracellular pathways that regulate ACPA levels. In humans, therapy with biological agents affords a unique opportunity to better understand the cytokine and signalling pathways regulating ACPA levels and the impact of ACPA level changes on disease activity. In this study we summarize the effect of RA therapies on ACPA levels and B cell responses.
The use of ultrasound elastography in the assessment of malignancy risk in thyroid nodules and multinodular goitres
Authors: Rivo‐Vázquez Ángel , Rodríguez‐Lorenzo Ángel , Rivo‐Vázquez José E. , Páramo‐Fernández Concepción , García‐Lorenzo Francisco , Pardellas‐Rivera Hermelinda , Casal‐Núñez José E. , Gil‐Gil Pedro 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of our work is to use a surgical series to analyse the validity of elastography in evaluating the malignancy of thyroid nodules and multinodular goitres.Patients and methodsThe study examined 156 patients, 134 women (85·9%) and 22 men (14·1%), who underwent surgery for nodular thyroid disease between October 2008, and November 2010. The average age of the patients was 52 years (±14·42). Thirty‐six patients (23·1%) presented with a single nodule, and 120 (76·9%) exhibited multinodular goitres. Prior to surgical intervention, all patients underwent colour eco‐elastography using a qualitative five‐point ordinal scale for nodule classifications. Test results were analysed using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and an anatomical pathologic examination of surgical specimens was used as a gold standard diagnostic tool for comparison.ResultsOf the 192 nodules analysed, 28 (14·6%) were malignant. Using elastography data, an ROC curve was obtained with an area under the curve of 0·662 (±0·060) and a 95% confidence interval (CI 95%) between 0·545 and 0·779 (P = 0·006). By establishing a cut‐off point that classified thyroid nodules with an elastographic value greater than or equal to 3 as malignant, we achieved a sensitivity of 75%, specificity of 45·73%, positive predictive value of 19·1% and negative predictive value of 91%. The positive and negative likelihood ratios were 1·38 and 0·55, respectively.ConclusionsUltrasound elastography can provide information regarding malignancy risk in thyroid nodules and multinodular goitres. However, the sensitivity and specificity values obtained in our study are below those reported by other groups, a finding that calls into question the current clinical utility of ultrasound elastography.
The All‐on‐Four Treatment Concept: A Systematic Review
Authors: Patzelt Sebastian B. M. , Bahat Oded , Reynolds Mark A. , Strub Joerg R. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractPurposeThe study aims to evaluate the all‐on‐four treatment concept with regard to survival rates (SRs) of oral implants, applied fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) and temporal changes in proximal bone levels.Materials and MethodsA systematic review of publications in English and German was performed using the electronic bibliographic database MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, and Google. Hand searches were conducted of the bibliographies of related journals and systematic reviews. The authors performed evaluations of articles independently, as well as data extraction and quality assessment. Data were submitted the weighted least‐squared analysis.ResultsThirteen (487 initially identified) papers met inclusion criteria. A number of 4,804 implants were initially placed, of which 74 failed, with a majority of failures (74%) within the first 12 months. A total of 1,201 prostheses were incorporated within 48 hours after the surgery. The major prosthetic complication was the fracture of the all‐acrylic FDP. The mean cumulative SR/SR ± (standard deviation) (36 months) of implants and prostheses were 99.0 ± 1.0% and 99.9 ± 0.3%, respectively. The averaged bone loss was 1.3 ± 0.4 mm (36 months). No statistically significant differences were found in outcome measures, when comparing maxillary versus mandibular arches and axially versus tilted placed implants.ConclusionThe available data provide promising short‐term results for the all‐on‐four treatment approach; however, current evidence is limited by the quality of available studies and the paucity of data on long‐term clinical outcomes of 5 years or greater. In terms of an evidence‐based dentistry, the authors recommend further studies designed as randomized controlled clinical trials and reported according to the CONSORT statement.
Ridge preservation with the use of deproteinized bovine bone mineral
Authors: Lindhe Jan , Cecchinato Denis , Donati Mauro , Tomasi Cristiano , Liljenberg Birgitta 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjectiveThe aim was to examine the tissue composition of extraction sockets that had been grafted with deproteinized bovine bone mineral and allowed to heal for 6 months.Material and methodsTwenty‐five subjects with one tooth each scheduled for extraction and replacement with dental implants were recruited. The assigned teeth were carefully removed. The site/patient was thereafter allocated to a test or a control group. In the test group patients, Bio‐Oss® Collagen was placed to fill the fresh extraction socket while in the controls no grafting was performed. After about 6 months of healing, a biopsy was sampled from the center of the extraction site. The specimens were decalcified, embedded in paraffin, sectioned, and stained in HTX. The proportions occupied by mineralized bone, osteoid, bone marrow, fibrous tissue, and Bio‐Oss® particles were determined by morphometric point counting.ResultsMineralized bone made up 57.4 ± 12.4% of the control sites (C) and 48.9 ± 8.5% of the T1 sites (graft material not included). The amount of bone marrow (C: 7.1 ± 6.1%, T1: 2.1 ± 3.1%) and osteoid (C: 7.3 ± 4.9%, T1: 1.9 ± 2.1%) was about five times greater in the control than in the test sites. Fibrous tissue comprised 23.1 ± 16.3% (C) and 40.0 ± 11.9% (T1). I n the T2 sites (graft material included), the percentage mineralized bone was 39.9 ± 8.6 while the proportions of bone marrow and osteoid were 1.8 ± 2.5% and 1.6 ± 1.8%. Fibrous tissue occupied 32.4 ± 9.2% and Bio‐Oss® particles 19.0 ± 6.5% of the T2 sites.ConclusionPlacement of the biomaterial in the fresh extraction socket retarded healing. The Bio‐Oss® particles were not resorbed but became surrounded by new bone. This may explain why grafted extraction sites may fail to undergo dimensional change.
Timelines in Exhibitions
Authors: Lubar Steven 
Published: April 2013

AbstractTimelines serve as the organizing structure for many exhibitions. This essay explores the use of the timeline in museums in an attempt to understand its appeal and its meaning. The article considers the nature of narrative, and of chronology specifically, as well as the history of the timeline and of its use in museum exhibitions. Raising questions about the message sent by chronological ordering, the essay encourages exhibition developers to consider how exhibits might move beyond the timeline to provide visitors with a more nuanced historical understanding and a more active relationship to the past. If we stop taking the timeline for granted, we might find ways to complicate chronology while still taking advantage of its power.
One Hundred Strong: A Colloquium on Transforming Natural History Museums in the Twenty‐first Century
Authors: Watson Bill , Werb Shari Rosenstein 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn February 2012, the Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History (NMNH) convened 100 colleagues from 43 organizations to initiate a collaborative learning research agenda focused on examining important areas for innovation to better serve twenty‐first‐century audiences. The conference organizers anticipated that scientists, educators, exhibit professionals, and other members of the natural history community would identify and prioritize research questions about what, how, why, when, and where people learn about natural history. We prepared to engage in a conversation about how natural history museums could change what they do. The participants' overwhelming passion for their work, and for natural history museums and their transformative potential for society, quickly turned the conversation toward how natural history museums should change what they are. The result was an emergent learning research agenda situated within a broader vision for natural history museums.
Efficacy of the pheromone (3Z)‐lactone and the host kairomone (3Z)‐hexenol at detecting early infestation of the emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis
Authors: Ryall Krista L. , Fidgen Jeffrey G. , Silk Peter J. , Scarr Taylor A. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe invasive emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), is a major pest of ash trees, Fraxinus spp., in its introduced range in North America. Field studies were conducted to quantify the efficacy of traps baited with kairomone and pheromone lures for early detection of A. planipennis infestation. A trapping experiment demonstrated that green traps baited with the kairomone (3Z)‐hexenol detected at least one adult A. planipennis in 55.3% of plots with ‘nil to low’‐density infestations and in 100% of plots with ‘moderate to high’‐density A. planipennis infestations. Mean trap captures increased significantly with increasing infestation density. In terms of the optimal number of traps per plot, when one (3Z)‐hexenol‐baited trap was placed per plot, the trap detected populations in 62% of the plots with ‘low to moderate’‐density infestations through branch sampling. Detectability was increased to 82% when two traps were placed per plot. Finally, addition of female‐produced (3Z)‐lactone pheromone to traps significantly increased detection rates at both the trap and plot level, as compared with traps baited with the host volatile, (3Z)‐hexenol, alone (88 vs. 60%, respectively). Our results are the first to demonstrate the efficacy of baited green sticky traps for detecting low‐density A. planipennis infestations, particularly when the (3Z)‐lactone pheromone is used. This combination is therefore recommended for development of early‐detection protocols against A. planipennis.
Prediction of on‐road driving ability after traumatic brain injury and stroke
Authors: Aslaksen P. M. , Ørbo M. , Elvestad R. , Schäfer C. , Anke A. 
Published: April 2013

Background and purposeThe aim of the study was to examine the predictive value of widely used standardized neuropsychological tests in a clinical setting for on‐road driving performance in patients with cerebral stroke or traumatic brain injury (TBI), and to provide cut‐off values for neuropsychological test results under which driving should not be recommended.MethodsData from 78 patients who had undergone comprehensive driving assessment after stroke or TBI were retrospectively included in the analysis. Patients underwent medical examination, neuropsychological testing and on‐road assessment. Medical data, demographic variables and neuropsychological performance were used as predictors in a stepwise logistic regression analysis with pass/fail after the on‐road test as the dependent variable. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was employed to select cut‐off values for the tests that were significant predictors for on‐road performance.ResultsForty‐three patients passed and 35 failed the on‐road driving task. Logistic regression analysis revealed three significant neuropsychological tests (CalCap simple reaction time, Trail Making Test A, Grooved Pegboard) as predictors for on‐road performance explaining 46% of the variance with an overall classification accuracy of 82.1%. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed the following cut‐off values: CalCap, 395 ms; Trail Making Test A, 46 s; Grooved Pegboard, 97.5 s.ConclusionThe results suggest that driving ability after brain damage and cerebral disease with no severe neurological deficits can be measured with a few distinctive neuropsychological tests together with medical examination and on‐road assessment. Cut‐off scores are a useful supplement to normative data/scaled scores.
Predicting dental avoidance among dentally fearful Australian adults
Authors: Armfield Jason M. 
Published: April 2013

Dental fear is related to poorer oral health outcomes, and this might be explained by the less frequent dental visiting of many fearful people. The objectives of this study were to investigate differences between dentally fearful people who regularly attend the dentist and fearful people who infrequently visit the dentist. A random sample of 1,082 Australians ≥15 yr of age completed a mailed questionnaire (response rate = 71.6%), and 191 dentate, high‐fear adults (≥18 yr of age) were selected for further analysis. Dental avoidance was recorded if a person was currently avoiding or delaying dental care and if he/she had not been to a dentist in the previous 2 yr. Among the selected dentally fearful adults, dental avoidance was predicted by smoking status, toothbrushing frequency, coping strategy use, perceptions of dental visits as uncontrollable and unpredictable, and by anxiety relating to numbness, not knowing what the dentist is going to do, and cost. In a multivariate logistic regression model, smoking, toothbrushing, coping, and anxiety about numbness and cost remained as statistically significant predictors, with the model accounting for 30% of the variance. While several variables were associated with dental avoidance among fearful adults, the nature and causal directions of these associations remain to be established.
Cardiopulmonary complications during pediatric seizures: A prelude to understanding SUDEP
Authors: Singh Kanwaljit , Katz Eliot S. , Zarowski Marcin , Loddenkemper Tobias , Llewellyn Nichelle , Manganaro Sheryl , Gregas Matt , Pavlova Milena , Kothare Sanjeev V. 
Published: April 2013

SummaryPurposeSudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is an important, unexplained cause of death in epilepsy. Role of cardiopulmonary abnormalities in the pathophysiology of SUDEP is unclear in the pediatric population. Our objective was to assess cardiopulmonary abnormalities during epileptic seizures in children, with the long‐term goal of identifying potential mechanisms of SUDEP.MethodsWe prospectively recorded cardiopulmonary functions using pulse‐oximetry, electrocardiography (ECG), and respiratory inductance plethysmography (RIP). Logistic regression was used to evaluate association of cardiorespiratory findings with seizure characteristics and demographics.Key FindingsWe recorded 101 seizures in 26 children (average age 3.9 years). RIP provided analyzable data in 78% and pulse‐oximetry in 63% seizures. Ictal central apnea was more prevalent in patients with younger age (p = 0.01), temporal lobe (p < 0.001), left‐sided (p < 0.01), symptomatic generalized (p = 0.01), longer duration seizures (p < 0.0002), desaturation (p < 0.0001), ictal bradycardia (p < 0.05), and more antiepileptic drugs (AEDs; p < 0.01), and was less prevalent in frontal lobe seizures (p < 0.01). Ictal bradypnea was more prevalent in left‐sided (p < 0.05), symptomatic generalized seizures (p < 0.01), and in brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lesions (p < 0.1). Ictal tachypnea was more prevalent in older‐age (p = 0.01), female gender (p = 0.05), frontal lobe (p < 0.05), right‐sided seizures (p < 0.001), fewer AEDs (p < 0.01), and less prevalent in lesional (p < 0.05) and symptomatic generalized seizures (p < 0.05). Ictal bradycardia was more prevalent in male patients (p < 0.05) longer duration seizures (p < 0.05), desaturation (p = 0.001), and more AEDs (p < 0.05), and was less prevalent in frontal lobe seizures (p = 0.01). Ictal and postictal bradycardia were directly associated (p < 0.05). Desaturation was more prevalent in longer‐duration seizures (p < 0.0001), ictal apnea (p < 0.0001), ictal bradycardia (p = 0.001), and more AEDs (p = 0.001).SignificancePotentially life‐threatening cardiopulmonary abnormalities such as bradycardia, apnea, and hypoxemia in pediatric epileptic seizures are associated with predictable patient and seizure characteristics, including seizure subtype and duration.
Environmental Change and Extended Phenotypes: Does Eutrophication Influence Nest Building in Sticklebacks?
Authors: Tuomainen Ulla , Candolin Ulrika 
Published: April 2013

AbstractMany species use extended phenotypes, such as purpose‐built nests, to increase their reproductive success. These traits have to be adjusted to local environmental conditions to maximize fitness. An important question is whether species are able to adjust their extended phenotypes to human‐induced rapid environmental changes. We investigated whether populations of threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus, exposed to different degrees of human‐induced eutrophication during the last decades, have differentiated phenotypically in their nest‐building behaviour. Stickleback males build nests that they use both in mate attraction and for offspring protection and whose characteristics vary with environmental conditions. We allowed males from parallel pairs of mildly and severely eutrophied habitats to build nests under standardized conditions in the laboratory. We recorded the time it took the males to build a nest, the size and neatness of the completed nest and the use of nest ornaments. We found eutrophication at the site of capture to influence nest‐building time – males from eutrophied habitats built faster. However, eutrophication did not alter nest structure or the use of nest ornaments. This is probably because the nests are concealed in vegetation or under stones and females cannot evaluate them before they have followed the male to the nest, and predators cannot detect them before close to the nest. Thus, reduced long‐range visibility does not influence the use of nests as mate choice cues or for offspring protection. This contrasts with a recorded effect of eutrophication on courtship behaviour, whose efficiency depends on long‐range visibility. This suggests that traits are adjusted to eutrophication depending on the influence of eutrophication on the function of the traits.
Coastal retreat and improved water quality mitigate losses of seagrass from sea level rise
Authors: Saunders Megan I. , Leon Javier , Phinn Stuart R. , Callaghan David P. , O'Brien Katherine R. , Roelfsema Chris M. , Lovelock Catherine E. , Lyons Mitchell B. , Mumby Peter J. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe distribution and abundance of seagrass ecosystems could change significantly over the coming century due to sea level rise (SLR). Coastal managers require mechanistic understanding of the processes affecting seagrass response to SLR to maximize their conservation and associated provision of ecosystem services. In Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia, vast seagrass meadows supporting populations of sea turtles and dugongs are juxtaposed with the multiple stressors associated with a large and rapidly expanding human population. Here, the interactive effects of predicted SLR, changes in water clarity, and land use on future distributions of seagrass in Moreton Bay were quantified. A habitat distribution model of present day seagrass in relation to benthic irradiance and wave height was developed which correctly classified habitats in 83% of cases. Spatial predictions of seagrass and presence derived from the model and bathymetric data were used to initiate a SLR inundation model. Bathymetry was iteratively modified based on SLR and sedimentary accretion in seagrass to simulate potential seagrass habitat at 10 year time steps until 2100. The area of seagrass habitat was predicted to decline by 17% by 2100 under a scenario of SLR of 1.1 m. A scenario including the removal of impervious surfaces, such as roads and houses, from newly inundated regions, demonstrated that managed retreat of the shoreline could potentially reduce the overall decline in seagrass habitat to just 5%. The predicted reduction in area of seagrass habitat could be offset by an improvement in water clarity of 30%. Greater improvements in water clarity would be necessary for larger magnitudes of SLR. Management to improve water quality will provide present and future benefits to seagrasses under climate change and should be a priority for managers seeking to compensate for the effects of global change on these valuable habitats.
Conversion of open lands to short‐rotation woody biomass crops: site variability affects nitrogen cycling and N2O fluxes in the US Northern Lake States
Authors: Palmer Marin M. , Forrester Jodi A. , Rothstein David E. , Mladenoff David J. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractShort‐rotation woody biomass crops (SRWC) have been proposed as a major feedstock source for bioenergy generation in the Northeastern US. To quantify the environmental effects and greenhouse gas (GHG) balance of crops including SRWC, investigators need spatially explicit data which encompass entire plantation cycles. A knowledge gap exists for the establishment period which makes current GHG calculations incomplete. In this study, we investigated the effects of converting pasture and hayfields to willow (Salix spp.) and hybrid‐poplar (Populus spp.) SRWC plantations on soil nitrogen (N) cycling, nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, and nitrate (NO3−) leaching at six sites of varying soil and climate conditions across northern Michigan and Wisconsin, following these plantations from pre conversion through their first 2 years. All six sites responded to establishment with increased N2O emissions, available inorganic N, and, where it was measured, NO3− leaching; however, the magnitude of these impacts varied dramatically among sites. Soil NO3− levels varied threefold among sites, with peak extractable NO3− concentrations ranging from 15 to 49 g N kg−1 soil. Leaching losses were significant and persisted through the second year, with 44–112 kg N ha−1 leached in SRWC plots. N2O emissions in the first growing season varied 30‐fold among sites, from 0.5 to 17.0 Mg‐CO2eq ha−1 (carbon dioxide equivalents). N2O emissions over 2 years resulted in N2O emissions due to plantation establishment that ranged from 0.60 to 22.14 Mg‐CO2eq ha−1 above baseline control levels across sites. The large N losses we document herein demonstrate the importance of including direct effects of land conversion in life‐cycle analysis (LCA) studies of SRWC GHG balance. Our results also demonstrate the need for better estimation of spatial variability of N cycling processes to quantify the full environmental impacts of SRWC plantations.