bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of HCV Treatment and Depressive Symptoms on Adherence to Haart among HIV–HCV-Coinfected Patients: Results from the Anrs-Co13-Hepavih Cohort
Authors: Roux Perrine , Lions Caroline , Cohen Julien , Winnock Maria , Salmon-Céron Dominique , Bani-Sadr Firouze , Sogni Philippe , Spire Bruno , Dabis François , Carrieri Maria Patrizia ,   the ANRS-CO13-HEPAVIH Study Group
Published: October 2013

Background The additional burden of HCV infection in HIV–HCV-coinfected individuals may have some consequences on adherence to HAART. Few studies have explored the pattern of correlates of non-adherence to HAART while simultaneously considering the impact of HCV treatment and depressive symptoms on adherence to HAART. We used longitudinal data to assess factors associated with non-adherence to HAART. Methods The French national prospective cohort ANRS-CO13-HEPAVIH is a multicentrer cohort, which recruited 1,175 HIV–HCV-coinfected patients in 17 hospital outpatient units delivering HIV and HCV care in France between October 2006 and June 2008. For this analysis, we selected participants on HAART with self-reported data for adherence to HAART ( n=727 patients, 1,190 visits). Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires and medical records. A mixed logistic regression model based on an exchangeable correlation matrix was used to identify factors associated with non-adherence to HAART. Results Patients reported non-adherence to HAART in 808 (68%) of the 1,190 visits. Four variables remained associated with non-adherence to HAART after multivariate analysis: hazardous alcohol consumption, cocaine use and depressive symptoms, regardless of whether treatment for depression was being received. Finally, patients being treated for HCV infection were less likely to be non-adherent to HAART. Conclusions Besides the problem of polydrug use, two other dimensions deserve special attention when considering adherence to HAART in HIV–HCV-coinfected patients. Access to HCV treatment should be encouraged as well adequate treatment for depression in this population to improve adherence and response to HAART.
Couper la Guinée en quatre ou comment la colonisation a imaginé l'Afrique
Authors: Goerg Odile 
Published: October 2013

Résumé	Imprégnés des théories qui dominent en France au tournant du 20 e siècle, voyageurs et publicistes découvrant la Guinée tout autant qu’administrateurs construisirent une vision de la colonie cadrant avec le modèle français, celui de l’invention des « pays ». Cet article explore les racines coloniales de la division de la Guinée en quatre régions dites naturelles et en suit les avatars jusqu’à l’époque contemporaine. Ce découpage géographico-administratif, qui s’inscrit dans un héritage historique et culturel, eut un impact sur la représentation du pays et de ses populations, sur les identités régionales, et par la suite, sur certains choix politique. La mise au jour du processus de quadripartition de la Guinée, perpétuée au-delà de l’indépendance, s’offre en exemple pour approcher d’autres constructions similaires et interroger l’ethnicisation contemporaine du politique en Afrique.
Les catholiques et l'urbanisation de la société française
Authors: Chatelan Olivier 
Published: October 2013

Résumé La ville et sa croissance intéressent-elles le monde catholique ? Au cours des Trente Glorieuses, l’urbanisation devient progressivement un enjeu pour les autorités de l’Église comme pour nombre de mouvements militants. L’adaptation du maillage paroissial en constitue sans doute la forme la plus visible : la construction de nouveaux lieux de culte dans les marges des agglomérations témoigne d’un véritable aménagement du territoire qui s’inspire à la fois de la tradition missionnaire et du nouveau contexte urbain. Mais les relations entre ville et catholicisme ne s’y réduisent pas. La portée des enquêtes de sociologie menées dans les milieux d’Église, les tentatives de plusieurs responsables pastoraux pour construire un nouveau mode de gouvernance diocésaine à partir de la ville, ou encore le rôle des militants d’origine chrétienne dans les diverses instances qui prennent en charge l’aménagement urbain accréditent l’hypothèse selon laquelle la ville constitue un laboratoire de la participation des catholiques à la modernisation de la société française.
Congenital granular cell tumor in newborn
Authors: Zerener Tamer , Sencimen Metin , Altun Ceyhan , Altug Hasan Ayberk 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTThe congenital granular cell tumor (CGCT) is quite scarce at the infant. The patient, who has a 2-day-old female newborn, was admitted to the Department of Pediatric Dentistry. Baby had a smooth surfaced, non-fixated mass, found on the anterior part of the mandibular alveole, developing from the gingival mucosa. Clinical examination showed a 1 cm Χ 1 cm Χ 1.8 cm pedunculated, regular, pink colorful soft-tissue gob on the alveolar crest to the left side of the mandible. The gob was removed on the seventh postnatal day under general anesthesia. Then, the specimen was evaluated histopathologically. Post-operative recovery and surgical site healing was satisfactory. The CGCT is a rare, degenerative or reactive lesion of the oral cavity. The mass may surgically remove if the diagnosis is not definite clinically and this can lead therapeutic effect.
The degree of color change, rebound effect and sensitivity of bleached teeth associated with at-home and power bleaching techniques: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Moghadam Fatemeh Velayati , Majidinia Sara , Chasteen Joseph , Ghavamnasiri Marjaneh 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT
Aim: The purpose of the present randomized clinical trial was to evaluate the color change, rebound effect and sensitivity of at-home bleaching with 15% carbamide peroxide and power bleaching using 38% hydrogen peroxide. Materials and Methods: For bleaching techniques, 20 subjects were randomized in a split mouth design (at-home and power bleaching): In maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth (n = 20). Color was recorded before bleaching, immediately after bleaching, at 2 weeks, 1, 3 and 6 month intervals. Tooth sensitivity was recorded using the visual analog scale. The Mann-Whitney test was used to compare both groups regarding bleaching effectiveness (∆E 1 ), rebound effect (∆E 2 ) and color difference between the rebounded tooth color and unbleached teeth (∆E 3) while the Wilcoxon compared ∆E within each group. Distribution of sensitivity was evaluated using the Chi-square test (α =0.05). Results: There was no significant difference between groups regarding ∆E 1 and ∆E 3 (P > 0.05). Even though, ∆E 2 showed no significant difference between groups after bleaching as well as at 2 week, 1 month and 3 month follow-up periods (P > 0.05). Although, significant difference was found in ∆E 2 (P < 0.05 Mann-Whitney) between two methods after 6 months and a high degree of rebound effect was obtained with power bleaching. Within each group, there was no significant difference between ∆E 1 and ∆E 3 (P < 0.05 Wilcoxon). The distribution of sensitivity was identical with both techniques (P > 0.05).Conclusion: Bleaching techniques resulted in identical tooth whitening and post-operative sensitivity using both techniques, but faster color regression was found with power bleaching even though color regression to the baseline of the teeth in both groups was the same after 6 months.
A minimally invasive technique for the management of severely fluorosed teeth: A two-year follow-up
Authors: Yildiz Gul , Celik Esra Uzer 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT
Objective: Severely fluorosed and heavily discolored teeth that have large enamel defects give rise to esthetic concerns and require permanent treatment. In such cases, restorative techniques such as porcelain or composite laminate veneers or crowns are generally preferred, in which tooth preparation is inevitably required. Materials and Methods: This clinical report describes a patient with severely fluorosed teeth who was successfully treated with a minimally invasive technique including enamel microabrasion (6.6% hydrochloric acid slurry with silicon carbide micro-particles, Opalustre, Ultradent Products, Inc., South Jordan, UT, USA) followed by in-office bleaching (38% hydrogen peroxide, Opalescence Boost, Ultradent). Enamel microabrasion was conducted in two visits while three visits were required for in-office bleaching. Patient was followed-up after 2 years. Result: A slight staining had occurred during this period, but it was acceptable for patient. No adverse effects were observed. Conclusions: The minimally invasive technique including enamel microabrasion and in-office bleaching was efficient and may represent a good alternative to traditional restorative techniques for the management of severely fluorosed teeth.
Effect of rotatory instrument speed on its capacity to remove demineralized and sound dentin
Authors: Cortes Mariana , Arias Pecorari Vanessa Galego , Basting Roberta Tarkany , Gomes França Fabiana Mantovani , Turssi Cecília Pedroso , Botelho do Amaral Flávia Lucisano 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT
Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the capacity of two rotatory instruments (controlled speed electric motor [CSEM] - 300 rpm; conventional slow handpiece [CSHP] - 18,000 rpm) to remove sound and demineralized dentin, by examining prepared cavity walls using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and assessing loss of mass. Materials and Methods: A total of 40 blocks of human occlusal dentin, measuring 5 mm × 5 mm × 4 mm (L × W × H), were divided into two groups according to the substrate type in which the cavity preparation was performed: D - demineralized dentin; and S - sound dentin (control group). The groups were subdivided according to the rotatory instrument used for cavity preparation (n = 10): CSEM (300 rpm); and CSHP (18,000 rpm). In half of the dentin blocks, caries lesion induction was performed for 6 weeks. The preparation of the cavities was performed on a standardizing machine, using a cylindrical tungsten carbide burr. Before and after the preparation, specimens were dehydrated in an incubator at 60΀C for 30 min. The initial and final mass (in mg) of each dentin block was measured 3 times using the digital precision balance to obtain the mean weight Following cavity preparation, all specimens were hemisected and SEM was used to blindly assess each half so that the lateral walls of the prepared cavity were measured in μm, accepting the average of two measurements as the total depth of the preparation. Non-parametric Mann-Whitney analysis was performed with a 5% of significance level. Results: Regarding the weight difference (mg), no significance was detected between the groups. Regarding depth (μm), a significant difference was found between the groups, so that the CSRM showed lower cavity depth when compared with CSHP, both in sound and demineralized dentin. Conclusions: Controlled speed rotatory instruments were found to be more conservative in removing both sound and demineralized dentin, in terms of preparation and depth.
Thickness of immediate dentin sealing materials and its effect on the fracture load of a reinforced all-ceramic crown
Authors: Spohr Ana Maria , Borges Gilberto Antonio , Platt Jeffrey A. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT
Objectives: The objective of this study is to evaluate, in vitro, the thickness of immediate dentin sealing (IDS) materials on full crown preparations and its effect on the fracture load of a reinforced all-ceramic crown. Materials and Methods: Sixty premolars received full crown preparation and were divided into the following groups according to the IDS technique: G1-control; G2-Clearfil SE Bond; and G3-Clearfil SE Bond and Protect Liner F. After the impressions were taken, the preparations were temporized with acrylic resin crowns. IPS empress 2 restorations were fabricated and later cemented on the preparations with Panavia F. 10 specimens from each group were submitted to fracture load testing. The other 10 specimens were sectioned buccolingually before the thicknesses of Panavia F, Clearfil SE Bond and Protect Liner F were measured in 10 different positions using a microscope. Results: According to analysis of variance and Tukey′s test, the fracture load of Group 3 (1300 N) was significantly higher than that of Group 1 (1001 N) (P < 0.01). Group 2 (1189 N) was not significantly different from Groups 1 and 3. The higher thickness of Clearfil SE Bond was obtained in the concave part of the preparation. Protect Liner F presented a more uniform range of values at different positions. The thickness of Panavia F was higher in the occlusal portion of the preparation. Conclusions: The film thickness formed by the IDS materials is influenced by the position under the crown, suggesting its potential to increase the fracture load of the IPS empress 2 ceramic crowns.
Recent Advances in the Diagnosis of Tuberculosis
Authors: Goyal Kapil , Sharma Aman , Sharma Kusum , Appannanavar Suma B 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT
Tuberculosis is an important health problem requiring early diagnosis for timely initiation of therapy and control of disease transmission. Though, conventional techniques, such as detection of acid fast bacilli by Ziehl-Neelsen staining, are very economical, yet have a low sensitivity. Isolation of mycobacteria by culture on Lowenstein Jensen media, considered to be the gold standard, is not only time consuming but has a low sensitivity, especially in extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Recent advances in molecular techniques have revolutionized the diagnostic microbiology. Various new modalities in the diagnosis of tuberculosis, like LED microscopy, microscopically observed drug susceptibility testing (MODS), antigen detection tests along with various molecular methods, like loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), multiplex PCR and Xpert MTB/RIF, are discussed in the present review.

How to cite this article
Sharma K, Appannanavar SB, Goyal K, Sharma A. Recent Advances in the Diagnosis of Tuberculosis. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2013;47(4):181-187.
Tuberculosis of Central Nervous System
Authors: Modi Manish , Garg Abhishek 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT
Meningitis is the most serious manifestation of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Being a paucibacillary disease, no single diagnostic test is sensitive and specific. Despite recent advances in diagnostic methods and readily available effective chemotherapy, more than 50% of the patients either die or are left with major neurological deficits due to delay in the diagnosis. HIV coinfection is associated with higher complications and case fatality rates. The only way to reduce the mortality and morbidity is early diagnosis and initiation of chemotherapy and steroids.

How to cite this article
Modi M, Garg A. Tuberculosis of Central Nervous System. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2013;47(4):202-213.
Tuberculosis of the Oral Cavity and Associated Structures: The PGIMER Experience
Authors: Rattan Vidya , Rai Sachin 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT
Extrapulmonary tuberculosis of the oral cavity and its associated structures are diagnostic challenge. It is often misdiagnosed by the attending dentist who is the first among clinicians to come across such pathological entity. Lesions are often slow growing and painless and hence are initially neglected. Tubercular osteomyelitis of the jaw bone is a common occurrence in developing countries like India and often these cases first appear in dental out-patient clinic. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the involvement of oral and maxillofacial structures with few case reports and their concurrent diagnostic procedures.

How to cite this article
Rattan V, Rai S. Tuberculosis of the Oral Cavity and Associated Structures: The PGIMER Experience. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2013;47(4):214-217.
Patellar Tuberculosis presenting as an Osteolytic Lesion
Authors: Prakash Mahesh , Dhillon Mandeep , Sharma Siddhartha , Chouhan Devendra K 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT
Tuberculosis of the patella is a rare entity, and may present with nonspecific clinical findings and subtle changes on plain radiographs; the rarity and unusual nature of presentation lead to frequent delays in diagnosis. We present the radiological (roentgenograms, CT scan and MRI) findings of a case of patellar tuberculosis and discuss the pertinent radiological parameters.

How to cite this article
Chouhan DK, Dhillon MS, Prakash M, Sharma S. Patellar Tuberculosis Presenting as an Osteolytic Lesion. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2013;47(4):221-222.
Proximal Femoral Canal Shape is more Accurately Assessed on AP Hip Radiographs than AP Pelvis Radiographs in Primary Hip Osteoarthritis
Authors: Merle Christian , Waldstein Wenzel , Gregory Jennifer S. , Goodyear Simon R. , Aspden Richard M. , Aldinger Peter R. , Murray David W. , Gill Harinderjit S. 
Published: October 2013

The objectives of the present study were to determine ( 1 ) whether differences in the radiographic appearance of the of the proximal femoral canal exist on corresponding AP pelvis and AP hip radiographs, and ( 2 ) whether radiographic assessment of canal shape is accurate with reference to computed tomography (CT). In a retrospective study, corresponding radiographs and CT scans of 100 consecutive patients with primary hip OA were evaluated. Active shape modelling (ASM) was performed to assess the variation in proximal femoral canal shape and to identify differences between AP hip and AP pelvis views. Differences in the medial cortical flare between radiographs and CT were quantified using least squares curve fitting. ASM identified significant differences in the assessment of canal shape on corresponding AP hip and AP pelvis views. Curve fitting demonstrated a good agreement between AP hip radiographs and CT. Agreement between AP pelvis radiographs and CT was less good. In contrast to AP pelvis radiographs, AP hip radiographs allow a more accurate and reliable assessment of proximal femoral canal shape in the frontal plane in primary hip OA. Our findings may improve stem fit in total hip arthroplasty without the routine use of CT.
Two-Stage Revision of an Infected Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Follow-up of 136 Patients
Authors: van Diemen Marcus P.J. , Colen Sascha , Dalemans Alain A.R. , Stuyck Jose , Mulier Michiel 
Published: October 2013

Background and purpose Periprosthetic infection of a total hip arthroplasty (THA) is commonly treated with a two-stage revision procedure. After resection of the infected THA and placement of a cement spacer loaded with antibiotics, a THA is inserted at a second procedure to restore hip function and mobility. Revision surgery carries a significant risk of complications. This study focuses on hip function, rate of complications and reinfection after two-stage revision surgery for an infected THA. Patients and methods From January 1996 to April 2010, 136 patients underwent revision surgery after removal of an infected THA. Follow-up ranged from 2 years to more than 15 years. Hip function was evaluated using the modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS) and the Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS). Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) measured pain. Annual follow-up included radiographs of the affected hip and blood sampling for inflammatory parameters. Results After revision surgery, average mHHS was 63% and average HOOS was 54%. VAS pain averaged 26.8 on a 100-point scale and 40% of patients had no pain. Prosthesis-related complications unrelated to sepsis occurred in 32%. Most common were periprosthetic fractures, leg length discrepancy and dislocation. Reinfection occurred in 13% of these patients and Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus (CNS) was isolated in 67%. Conclusion Two-stage revision surgery is an accepted treatment for infected THAs. However, complications are common and hip function afterwards is modest. As previous studies have shown, CNS is an important microorganism in reinfection.
Discrimination of Abnormal Gait Parameters Due to Increased Femoral Anteversion from other Effects in Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Akalan Nazif Ekin , Temelli Yener , Kuchimov Shavkat 
Published: October 2013

The effects of increased femoral anteversion (IFA) on gait pattern have a complex relationship with other orthopaedic and neurological abnormalities of cerebral palsy (CP). The aim of this study was to differentiate the effects of IFA from other factors in CP. The four groups in this study included: 15 typically developing children (Group: TDC) (age: 9.7 ± 0.5); 14 TDC with IFA (7.5 ± 1.7) (Group: TDC-IFA); 8 CP participants with IFA (age: 6.3 ± 1.7) (Group: CP IFA); and 10 CP participants with nearly normal femoral anteversion (age: 10.3 ± 4.7) (Group: CP-NFA). Altered peak knee-extension angle and stance-time, increased internal hip-rotation, internal foot-progression (p≤0.05) were influenced by IFA in both groups of CP-NFA and TDC-IFA. For the TDC groups; pelvic-rotation increased and peak knee and hip-extension, knee flexion-moment, peak knee-power generation in late-stance decreased among children with IFA (p≤0.05). For CP children; anterior pelvic-tilt, hip-flexion and peak knee-extension, hip power-absorbsion and generation, and peak knee power-absorsion (K3) increased and peak knee-flexion was delayed by IFA (p≤0.05). Therefore, IFA effects are different in CP and TDC. Peak knee-extension angle increased in TDC and decreased in CP with IFA. Besides the well known gait parameters related to IFA which are increased internal hip-rotation and foot-progression angle, it is recognised that peak knee-extension and stance-time are also influenced. Therefore, before muscle lengthening, femoral derotational osteotomy should be considered in the early stages of growth in CP to improve pelvic stability and the knee extensor mechanism.
Periprosthetic Fractures around Polished Collarless Cemented Stems: The Effect of Stem Design on Fracture Pattern
Authors: Erhardt Johannes B. , Khoo Paul P. , Stoffel Karl K. , Yates Piers J. 
Published: October 2013

Background Predictable patterns of periprosthetic fracture have been observed around polished double tapered stems. Finite element studies have suggested that triple-tapered stems cause less cement strain in torsion compared to double-tapered stems. Hence, we hypothesised that the in vitro behaviour of implanted double- and triple-tapered polished stems, like the CPT (Zimmer, Warsaw, USA) or C-Stem (DePuy, Leeds, UK) when subjected to pathological torsional loads may cause different patterns of periprosthetic fractures. Methods Ten double-tapered stems (CPT) and ten triple-tapered stems (C-Stem) were cemented into synthetic femur bones. A constant axial compression load of 100 N and a torsional pre-load of 0.1 N.m were applied using a biaxial testing machine. The distal femur was then loaded in external rotation at 45 degrees until failure. Results Seven of the 10 CPT stems fractured at the level of the stem body while fracturing the cement mantle at the same level. In three of ten of the CPT stems and all ten C-Stems, the synthetic bone fractured at the tip of the prosthesis while the cement mantle remained intact. This was significant for the resulting fracture pattern (P=0.001). There was no significant difference between the groups for either torque (P=0.13) or angle at failure (P=0.49). Interpretation This biomechanical study indicates that the CPT and C-Stem create a different fracture pattern under the same loading condition. The C-Stem (a triple tapered stem) may produce lower strain in torsion to the cement mantle of a cemented THA. However, fractures that do occur may be more difficult to treat than those produced around a stem like the CPT subjected to comparable loading.