bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Four-Gene Signature from Blood to Exclude Bacterial Etiology of Lower Respiratory Tract Infection in Adults
Authors: Falsey Ann , Peterson Derick , Walsh Edward , Baran Andrea , Chu Chin-Yi , Branche Angela , Croft Daniel , Peasley Micheal , Corbett Anthony , Ashton John , Mariani Thomas 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Unnecessary antibiotic use is a major driver of antimicrobial resistance, an urgent public health threat. There is an unmet need for improved diagnostics for identifying bacterial etiology in acute respiratory infection (ARI). Hospitalized adults with ARI underwent comprehensive microbiologic testing and those with definitive viral (n = 280), bacterial (n = 129), or mixed viral-bacterial infection (n = 95) had whole blood RNA sequencing. A hard-thresholded, mostly relaxed, LASSO-constrained logistic regression model was used to select a parsimonious gene set (ITGB4, ITGA7, IFI27, FAM20A) highly capable of discriminating any bacterial from nonbacterial infection (cross validated AUC = 0.90). The 4-gene signature was validated in two independent cohorts (AUC = 0.90–0.94). Thresholding the 4-gene risk score to yield 90% sensitivity to detect bacterial infection resulted in 71% specificity and 91% negative predictive value. This 4-gene signature defining the absence of bacterial ARI may supplement clinical judgement for management of antibiotics in ARI.
Factors Associated with Corticotomy in Children with Osteomyelitis
Authors: Baskar Danika , Vey Brianna , Jergel Andrew , Braithwaite Kiery , Parikh Ashishkumar 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background:
Rapid non-contrast MRI is accurate in diagnosing osteomyelitis. However, prior studies demonstrate that contrast may improve osseous abscess/necrosis assessment to better guide surgical decision-making regarding sampling bone marrow. Our study aims to identify critical associations between clinical, laboratory, and imaging findings with corticotomy status to determine the ideal population for a rapid osteomyelitis MRI.
Methods:
A retrospective review of patients under 18 years old with osteomyelitis was conducted from two children’s hospitals. Demographic data, lab values, operative reports, the presence of intraosseous abscess/necrosis on pre-procedure contrast-enhanced MRI, and corticotomy status were reviewed. Analyses were performed using Wilcoxon rank sum test, Pearson’s Chi-squared test, and Fisher’s exact test where appropriate with a p-value < 0.05 for statistical significance.
Results:
124 patients with osteomyelitis were analyzed – 81% of patients underwent a corticotomy, and 55% had osseous abscess/necrosis identified on MRI. Of those who underwent a corticotomy, 63% had MRI confirmed osseous abscess/necrosis compared to 21% who did not (p < 0.001). Further, these patients had a statistically significant higher median age and lower WBC counts than those who did not undergo corticotomy. There was no association between corticotomy status and inflammatory lab markers (ESR/CRP), anatomical location, BMI, sex, race, or ethnicity.
Conclusions:
Although patients with osseous abscess/necrosis on MRI were more likely to undergo bone marrow sampling, most patients analyzed still underwent corticotomy – with 81% receiving marrow sampling. Preoperative imaging plays a crucial role, but these findings highlight the importance of the clinical intraoperative assessment in surgical management of pediatric patients with osteomyelitis.
A Crystalline Nitrogen Chain Radical Anion
Authors: Mehta Meera , Lister-Roberts Reece , Galano Daniel , IJzendoorn Bono van , Whitehead George , Brookfield Adam , Bowen Alice M. , Kaltsoyannis Nikolas 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Long chain nitrogen ions and radicals ([Nn]x+ / [Nn]x–, n > 3) are naturally occurring under the intense radiative conditions of the Earth’s ionosphere, and those of other planetary bodies. However, the strong thermodynamic driving force to lose N2 renders these types of molecules extremely reactive under ambient conditions such that they can typically be studied only under extreme conditions, for example at ultrahigh pressures (10 to >200 GPa). We now report the isolation of a molecule featuring a metal-unsupported {N4}•– unit under ambient conditions which demonstrates remarkable multi-week long persistence in the solid-state. Spectroscopic, crystallographic and computational studies provide insight into the bonding across the {N4}•– chain. Reactivity studies reveal that the chain can cleave into N1 and N3 fragments, and can act as a source of nitrene radical anion, an observation that such molecules could act as storable nitrogen group transfer reagents.
Metronomic vinorelbine combined with durvalumab plus tremelimumab dual immunotherapy in patients with metastatic prostate cancer
Authors: Coquan Elodie , Hervieu Alice , Cropet Claire , Saada–Bouzina Esma , Rouge Thibaut De La Motte , Lavaud Pernelle , Meriaux Emeline , Borchiellini Delphine , Crouzet Laurence , Fuerea Alina , Gravis Gwenaëlle , Legrand François , Dassé Emilie , Gonçalves Anthony 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are a class of immunotherapy drugs that have shown significant success in treating various types of cancers. However, their effectiveness in treating prostate cancer (PC) has been more challenging due to an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Low-dose metronomic chemotherapy have immunomodulatory properties that could enhance immunotherapy and is well-tolerated. MOVIE was a phase 1/2 multi-cohort study with a Bayesian design that evaluated the antitumor activity and safety of metronomic vinorelbine with durvalumab plus tremelimumab. Here, we report the results of the PC cohort during phase 2. Fifteen patients with locally advanced or metastatic PC, resistant to conventional therapies, presenting a measurable disease according to RECISTv1.1, and a performance status (PS)≤1, received metronomic oral vinorelbine 40mg three times a week, and durvalumab 1500mg plus tremelimumab 75mg intravenously at day 1 of 28-day cycles. Primary endpoint was the clinical benefit rate (CBR) evaluated using a Bayesian design. Secondary endpoints included safety, objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). Mean estimated CBR according to a non-informative prior distribution was 12.5% (95% credible interval: 1.7-31.9). One patient achieved PR leading to an ORR of 7.7%, and 4 SD<24 weeks. Median PFS was 1.9 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.7-3.8), and median OS 5.4 months (95%CI: 2.4-12.2). Most frequent treatment-related G≥3 AEs were anemia (13.3%) for vinorelbine, and colitis (20.0%) and diarrhea (13.3%) for ICI. One treatment-related G5 AE (sepsis) was observed. The study outcomes highlighted the complexities of treating advanced PC with ICI, even when combined with metronomic vinorelbine.
Prevalence of Potent Artificial Sweetener Neotame in Popular US-Marketed Disposable Electronic Cigarettes
Authors: Erythropel Hanno C. , Jabba Sairam V. , Mellinghoff Remi A. , Garcia-Gallet Victor , Silinski Peter , Zimmerman Julie B. , Jordt Sven E. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Sweeteners are used by tobacco product manufacturers to improve product palatability and appeal. Recently, the high-intensity artificial sweetener, neotame, was detected in nicotine analogue-containing and “zero nicotine” electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes). The prevalence of neotame in popular US-marketed disposable e-cigarettes remains unknown.
Methods
Popular disposable e-cigarette devices were chosen based on 2024 US market surveys and analyzed for neotame using Liquid Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry (LCMS). Nicotine, 6-methyl nicotine and cooling compounds were also quantified. Contents of FDA-approved e-cigarettes, nicotine analogue-containing, “zero-nicotine” disposables and a candy product were compared.
Results
Neotame was detected in all 57 tested popular disposable e-cigarette devices, zero-nicotine, and nicotine analogue products, but not in 13 FDA-approved nor Juul products. 2 disposable products marketed in 2021 also contained neotame. The synthetic coolant WS-23 was detected in the large majority of tested products, with menthol and WS-3 less prevalent.
Conclusions
The high prevalence of the artificial sweetener neotame in disposable e-cigarettes raises concerns about its effects on appeal and abuse potential of these products, especially in combination with cooling and sweet-associated flavors (fruit, candy) known to be preferred by youth. While more heat-stable than other artificial sweeteners, the degradation of neotame in e-cigarettes needs to be investigated and assessed for potential toxicity.
Health coaching interventions across Global Maternity services; A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Yan Siqi , Delanerolle Gayathri , Gardner Nabila , Harper Lorraine , Lea Hamid , Shi Jian qing , Litchfield Ian 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Health and well-being coaching is a patient-centred approach that supports the achievement of health and wellness by way of guidance, motivation and behavioural change. Its ability to improve diet, life-style habits and stress management can all improve maternity outcomes. Despite this potential the use of health and well-being coaching in maternity service is in its’ infancy though is beginning to increase. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to understand existing evidence and suggest how it might inform its future implementation in maternity services.
Methods
We developed a systematic methodology and, used PubMed and ScienceDirect to gather peer review publications linked to our study eligibility criteria. Randomised and non-randomised clinical trials published in English from the 30th of April 1980-30th of December 2023’ were included. A meta-analysis was used to report the findings.
Results
A total of 8 studies were systematically included. Of these four were used in a meta-analysis all of which explored the influence of health and wellbeing coaching on gestational weight gain. The mean difference in GWG (kg) in those groups receiving health and well-being coaching was − 0.76 (95% CI: -2.55 to 1.04) indicating no significant statistical difference among the groups. The odds ratio of GWG within the target range was 4.17 (95% CI: 0.55 to 31.64) for the remote health coaching group compared to the conventional group, which indicates no difference between the groups. The sensitivity analysis compared the Copas selection model to a random effects model showed p-values exceeding 0.05, indicating a lack of statistical significance. Thus, the results are consistent and provide robust conclusions.
Conclusion
Health coaching’s ability to empower individuals, foster support, and promote healthy behaviours, appears to positively impact maternal health outcomes by reducing GWG. More research is needed to substantiate this finding and to understand its impact on other health outcomes and its acceptability to patients and healthcare professionals.
Sound Conveyors for Stealthy Data Transmission
Authors: Dassanayaka Sachith 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Hiding messages for countless security purposes has become a highly fascinating subject nowadays. Encryption facilitates the data hiding. With the express development of technology, people tend to figure out a method capable of hiding a message and the survival of the message. The present-day study is conducted to hide information in an audio file. Generally, steganography advantages are not used among industry and learners even though it is an extensively discussed area in the present information world. This implementation aims to hide a document such as .txt, .doc, and .pdf file formats in an audio file and retrieve the hidden document when necessary. This system is called DeepAudio v1.0. The system supports AES encryption and tolerates both wave and MP3 files. The sub-aims of this work were the creation of a free, openly available, bug-free software tool with additional features that are new to the area.
Adapting VGG16: Exploring Strategies for Real-World Image Classification Challenges using CIFAR-10 to CIFAR-100
Authors:   1.SHAFIQUL-ABIDIN 2.MOHD. IZHAR, 3.RUCHI SAWHNEY  and 4.HAIDER ABBAS,   2. MOHD. IZHAR
Published: February 2025

Abstract

The study aims to address the complexities associated with deploying VGG16 in dynamic, real-world scenarios, where environmental conditions, object scales, and backgrounds exhibit significant variability. In the pursuit of enhancing the adaptability of the Visual Geometry Group 16 (VGG16) convolutional neural network (CNN) for real-world image classification challenges, this research delves into comprehensive strategies using the CIFAR-10 and the CIFAR-100 dataset. Leveraging advanced data augmentation techniques, including rotation, shifting, shearing, zooming, and horizontal flipping, the model is subjected to more realistic challenges, simulating the intricacies encountered in diverse environments. The VGG16 model, pre-trained on ImageNet, undergoes fine-tuning to tailor its features to the CIFAR dataset. Through systematic experimentation, this research explores the impact of different architectural modifications, including an up-sampling layer and dense layers, on the model's adaptability and robustness. The training process involves a 10–15 ages preparing regimen with a carefully crafted data augmentation pipeline, facilitating the exploration of adaptive strategies for real-world scenarios. Evaluation on a test set unveils the model's accuracy in classifying CIFAR images. The training history, depicts through accuracy curves, provides insights into the model's learning trajectory over epochs. The findings contribute valuable insights into the nuanced strategies required to adapt VGG16 to real-world challenges, providing a foundation for practitioners seeking to optimize deep learning models for image classification in dynamic and varied environments.
Trend of Zoonotic Diseases Outbreaks in India: a secondary data analysis of Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme data, 2010- 2023
Authors: Rath Rama Shankar , S.A. Rizwan , Kharya Pradip , Mohanty Aroop , Hada Vivek , Koparkar Anil Ramesh , Dixit Anand Mohan , Joshi Hari Shanker 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background: Zoonotic diseases are occurring more frequently in different parts of the world. In country like India many of the outbreaks are being reported by the Integrated Diseases Surveillance Program (IDSP). The objective of the study is to find the trend of zoonotic diseases as reported in the IDSP portal.
Methods: Data was collected from the IDSP portal from January 2010 to December 2023. Data were collected regarding the outbreak's start date, the number of cases, and the number of deaths. A total ten diseases were included in the study. The data was entered in MS Excel and analysis was done using Stata-12 and MS Excel.
Results: From all the reported outbreaks a total of 1158 outbreaks were reported of the selected zoonotic diseases. JE/ AES was the most commonly reported outbreak. Anthrax, JE/ AES, CCHF, Leptospirosis, and Scrub outbreaks and cases were reported throughout the year. The majority of diseases were reported in the rainy season in the months July to September.
Conclusion: Although an increasing trend of the selected zoonotic diseases is reported in the current study, the data must be interpreted cautiously keeping in mind the limitations of reporting. Activities may be planned based on burden estimation to prevent the morbidity and mortality associated with the diseases.
Comparative Analysis of Migraine Recurrence and Quality of Life Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Modern Medicine Therapies: A Systematic Review
Authors: SV SUSHIL KUMAR 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background:
Migraine is a chronic neurological disorder affecting millions worldwide, often leading to a reduced quality of life and economic burden. While modern pharmacological treatments are widely used, migraine recurrence remains a concern. This study systematically reviews literature on migraine recurrence and quality of life outcomes in patients treated with allopathic therapies.
Objective:
To assess the recurrence rates, effectiveness, and impact on quality of life in migraine patients undergoing modern pharmacological treatments.
Methods:
A systematic review was conducted across PubMed, MEDLINE, EBSCO, and Cochrane Library databases, analyzing peer-reviewed studies from the last 15 years on allopathic migraine management. Extracted data included study design, treatment types, recurrence rates, and patient satisfaction.
Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, ANOVA, and multivariate logistic regression models. Risk ratios (RR) and odds ratios (OR) were calculated for recurrence rates. Sensitivity analyses were performed for missing data (< 5%). Statistical software SPSS 27.0 and R 4.1.2 were used for data analysis.
Results:
Among 500 migraine patients, 200 (40%) experienced recurrence within six months. Mean reduction in headache days was 7.2 days (SD = 3.1), and median headache intensity was 5.5 (IQR: 3.2–7.1). Recurrence rates:

Triptans: 45.2% (95% CI: 39.1%-51.3%)
CGRP inhibitors: 22.3% (95% CI:
18.4%-26.2%)

Risk reduction with CGRP inhibitors vs. Triptans: RR = 0.49 (95% CI: 0.38–0.64, p < 0.001). Medication adherence was inversely correlated with recurrence (Pearson’s r = -0.52, p = 0.002).
Conclusion:
Modern pharmacological treatments significantly reduce migraine frequency and improve quality of life, yet recurrence remains a concern. CGRP inhibitors offer superior efficacy, but adherence and comorbidities influence outcomes. Future studies should explore integrative treatment approaches combining allopathic and traditional therapies for long-term migraine management.
Compound Geometric Shared Frailty Models Based on Additive Hazards
Authors: Hanagal Prof. David D. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Frailty models are used in the survival analysis to accommodate the unobserved heterogeneity in individual risks to disease and death. To analyze the bivariate data on related survival times (e.g. matched pairs experiments, twin or family data), the shared frailty models were suggested. These models are based on the assumption that frailty act multiplicatively to hazard rate. In this paper, we assume that frailty acts additively to hazard rate. We introduce the compound geometric shared frailty models with two different baseline distributions namely, the generalized log logistic and the generalized Weibull distributions. We introduce the Bayesian estimation procedure using Markov Chain Monte Carlo(MCMC) technique to estimate the parameters involved in these models. We apply these models to a real life bivariate survival data set of McGilchrist and Aisbett(1991) related to the kidney infection data and a better model is suggested for the data. The proposed frailty models are better models to analyze the kidney infection data as compared to existing models in the literature using the model selection criteria.
Mathematical Subject Classification: 62F15; 62N01; 62P10
SIMULAÇÃO ENERGÉTICA DE UMA EDIFICAÇÃO PÚBLICA EM TRAMANDAÍ-RS
Authors: Bouchahine George Lucas Bohmer , Zancanaro Júnior Flavio Vanderlei 
Published: February 2025

As edificações consomem uma parcela significativa da energia elétrica faturada no Brasil. Em prédios públicos, o maior consumo de energia elétrica é destinado ao uso dos sistemas de iluminação e climatização. Ações de eficiência energética aplicadas a edificações já construídas apresentam resultados satisfatórios na redução do consumo de energia elétrica. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar melhorias dos sistemas de iluminação e condicionamento de ar da Prefeitura Municipal de Tramandaí a partir da modelagem computacional no programa Energyplus, possibilitando compreender o comportamento energético da edificação em relação ao seu consumo de energia elétrica anual e propor ações de eficiência energética a partir do retrofit dos sistemas analisados. Também, a fim de demonstrar a viabilidade econômica de cada cenário, o tempo de retorno do investimento é analisado. A edificação possuí 5 pavimentos com área construída de 4.388,57 m², 165 zonas térmicas e consumo de energia elétrica de 162,65 MWh/ano. Como resultado, determinou-se a comparação entre o perfil de consumo de energia elétrica ao longo de um ano da edificação com os dados do modelo real. Em contraste o consumo real da edificação e o consumo do cenário com o retrofit do sistema de iluminação foi apresentada uma economia na ordem de 17,96% com retorno de investimento menor que um ano.
LA COMUNICACIÓN, DIVULGACIÓN Y DIFUSIÓN DEL AJEDREZ ENTRE NO AJEDRECISTAS
Authors: Calello Pablo Rodolfo 
Published: February 2025

La difusión del Ajedrez va más allá de lo que pueden hacer Jedrecistas, profesores y Estados. Hay muchos "otros" que interactúan con el ajedrez que conoces. Adquieren una “imagen mental”, para ser más amplia, un “imaginario social” que va cambiando en cada persona y sociedad de una manera más o menos anárquica. Y esta transformación puede deberse a un solo número de “habilidades sociales” (DURKHEIM; 1895) que modifican el valor simbólico que representa el ajedrez para ellos. Los ajedrecistas, antes de serlo pertenecen al mundo de los ajedrecistas, y avanzan por el ajedrez por lo que creen que son. ¿Es un juego para nobles o para comunistas? ¿Eres de hombres o de mujeres? ¿Eres el juego del guerrero o del intelectual? ¿Eres el juego de los adultos mayores que van a las plazas o chicos que juegan eSports por computadora y que ganan dinero con eso? El “valor social” del mismo no cambia, simplemente porque el Estado, los ajedrecistas, necesariamente así lo desean. El valor simbólico de las palabras relacionadas con el ajedrez se encuentra muchas veces “fuera” en el entorno ajedrecístico.Describir esta comunicación entre no ajedrecistas, usando terminologías del ajedrez, puede ser un primer estadio, para poder comprender en otros estadios posteriores por qué el ajedrez llega más a determinadas personas que a otras, y por consiguiente mejorar su difusión, y quizás, quien sabe, disminuir la brecha entre grupos.El ajedrez en sí mismo, puede considerarse un actor, en el contexto de la teoría del actor red de Bruno Latour y Michel Callon, que camina por ciertos lugares y va dejando sus huellas, mientras en otros lugares quizás está completamente ausente.Este trabajo quiere describir esos bordes ajedrecísticos utilizando text-mining. Para eso se rastrarán la aparición de palabras ajedrecísticas en contextos no necesariamente ajedrecístico. La palabra Jaque, Escaque, A lfil, Gambito y Zugzwang son ejemplos de dichas palabras, en cambio la palabra Peón, Mate, Caballo, Rey y Dama, tienen significados no necesariamente ajedrecístico. La búsqueda se realizará por cuestión de facilidad en La Nación digital, se mapeará su frecuencia, por rubro en dicho diario desde 1996 (que es desde donde existe información disponible) hasta la fecha. Se evaluará si existen diferencias significativas entre los rubros y se confeccionará una representación global. Para la palabra Jaque, se indexarán todas las publicaciones para realizar una serie de tiempo. Se adicionarán los resultados en Google trend de la palabra Gambito para medir el impacto de la serie Gambito de Dama para complementar el análisis. . .