bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-purity Cu nanocrystal synthesis by a dynamic decomposition method
Authors: Jian Xian , Cao Yu , Chen Guozhang , Wang Chao , Tang Hui , Yin Liangjun , Luan Chunhong , Liang Yinglin , Jiang Jing , Wu Sixin , Zeng Qing , Wang Fei , Zhang Chengui 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Cu nanocrystals are applied extensively in several fields, particularly in the microelectron, sensor, and catalysis. The catalytic behavior of Cu nanocrystals depends mainly on the structure and particle size. In this work, formation of high-purity Cu nanocrystals is studied using a common chemical vapor deposition precursor of cupric tartrate. This process is investigated through a combined experimental and computational approach. The decomposition kinetics is researched via differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis using Flynn-Wall-Ozawa, Kissinger, and Starink methods. The growth was found to be influenced by the factors of reaction temperature, protective gas, and time. And microstructural and thermal characterizations were performed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. Decomposition of cupric tartrate at different temperatures was simulated by density functional theory calculations under the generalized gradient approximation. High crystalline Cu nanocrystals without floccules were obtained from thermal decomposition of cupric tartrate at 271°C for 8 h under Ar. This general approach paves a way to controllable synthesis of Cu nanocrystals with high purity.
Impact of device size and thickness of Al2O3 film on the Cu pillar and resistive switching characteristics for 3D cross-point memory application
Authors: Panja Rajeswar , Roy Sourav , Jana Debanjan , Maikap Siddheswar 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Impact of the device size and thickness of Al2O3 film on the Cu pillars and resistive switching memory characteristics of the Al/Cu/Al2O3/TiN structures have been investigated for the first time. The memory device size and thickness of Al2O3 of 18 nm are observed by transmission electron microscope image. The 20-nm-thick Al2O3 films have been used for the Cu pillar formation (i.e., stronger Cu filaments) in the Al/Cu/Al2O3/TiN structures, which can be used for three-dimensional (3D) cross-point architecture as reported previously Nanoscale Res. Lett.9:366, 2014. Fifty randomly picked devices with sizes ranging from 8 × 8 to 0.4 × 0.4 μm2 have been measured. The 8-μm devices show 100% yield of Cu pillars, whereas only 74% successful is observed for the 0.4-μm devices, because smaller size devices have higher Joule heating effect and larger size devices show long read endurance of 105 cycles at a high read voltage of -1.5 V. On the other hand, the resistive switching memory characteristics of the 0.4-μm devices with a 2-nm-thick Al2O3 film show superior as compared to those of both the larger device sizes and thicker (10 nm) Al2O3 film, owing to higher Cu diffusion rate for the larger size and thicker Al2O3 film. In consequence, higher device-to-device uniformity of 88% and lower average RESET current of approximately 328 μA are observed for the 0.4-μm devices with a 2-nm-thick Al2O3 film. Data retention capability of our memory device of >48 h makes it a promising one for future nanoscale nonvolatile application. This conductive bridging resistive random access memory (CBRAM) device is forming free at a current compliance (CC) of 30 μA (even at a lowest CC of 0.1 μA) and operation voltage of ±3 V at a high resistance ratio of >104.
Effects of the electrical excitation signal parameters on the geometry of an argon-based non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma jet
Authors: Benabbas Mohamed Tahar , Sahli Salah , Benhamouda Abdallah , Rebiai Saida 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
A non-thermal atmospheric pressure argon plasma jet for medical applications has been generated using a high-voltage pulse generator and a homemade dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor with a cylindrical configuration. A plasma jet of about 6 cm of length has been created in argon gas at atmospheric pressure with an applied peak to peak voltage and a frequency of 10 kV and 50 kHz, respectively. The length and the shape of the created plasma jet were found to be strongly dependent on the electrode setup and the applied voltage and the signal frequency values. The length of the plasma jet increases when the applied voltage and/or its frequency increase, while the diameter at its end is significantly reduced when the applied signal frequency increases. For an applied voltage of 10 kV, the plasma jet diameter decreases from near 5 mm for a frequency of 10 kHz to less than 1 mm at a frequency of 50 kHz. This obtained size of the plasma jet diameter is very useful when the medical treatment must be processed in a reduced space.

PACS 2008

52.50.Dg; 52.70.-m; 52.80.-s
Viral Vectors Encoding Endomorphins and Serine Histogranin Attenuate Neuropathic Pain Symptoms after Spinal Cord Injury in Rats
Authors: Nasirinezhad Farinaz , Gajavelli Shyam , Priddy Blake , Jergova Stanislava , Zadina James , Sagen Jacqueline 
Published: June 2015

Background The treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI)-induced neuropathic pain presents a challenging healthcare problem. The lack of available robust pharmacological treatments underscores the need for novel therapeutic methods and approaches. Due to the complex character of neuropathic pain following SCI, therapies targeting multiple mechanisms may be a better choice for obtaining sufficient long-term pain relief. Previous studies in our ab showed analgesic effects using combinations of an NMDA antagonist peptide [Ser1]histogranin (SHG), and the mu-opioid peptides endomorphins (EMs), in several pain models. As an alternative to drug therapy, this study evaluated the analgesic potential of these peptides when delivered via gene therapy. Results Lentiviruses encoding SHG and EM-1 and EM-2 were intraspinally injected, either singly or in combination, into rats with clip compression SCI 2 weeks following injury. Treated animals showed significant reduction in mechanica and thermal hypersensitivity, compared to control groups injected with GFP vector only. The antinociceptive effects of individually injected components were modest, but the combination of EMs and SHG produced robust and sustained antinociception. The onset of the analgesic effects was observed between 1–5 weeks post-injection and sustained without decrement for at least 7 weeks. No adverse effects on locomotor function were observed. The involvement of SHG and EMs in the observed antinociception was confirmed by pharmacologic inhibition using intrathecal injection of either the opioid antagonist naloxone or an anti-SHG antibody. Immunohistochemical analysis showed the presence of SHG and EMs in the spinal cord of treated animals, and immunodot-blot analysis of CSF confirmed the presence of these peptides in injected animals. In a separate group of rats, delayed injection of viral vectors was performed in order to mimic a more likely clinical scenario. Comparable and sustained antinociceptive effects were observed in these animals using the SHG-EMs combination vectors compared to the group with early intervention. Conclusions Findings from this study support the potential for direct gene therapy to provide a robust and sustained alleviation of chronic neuropathic pain following SCI. The combination strategy utilizing potent mu-opioid peptides with a naturally-derived NMDA antagonist may produce additive or synergistic analgesic effects without the tolerance development for long-term management of persistent pain.
A comparison of conditional random fields and structured support vector machines for chemical entity recognition in biomedical literature
Authors: Tang Buzhou , Feng Yudong , Wang Xiaolong , Wu Yonghui , Zhang Yaoyun , Jiang Min , Wang Jingqi , Xu Hua 
Published: June 2015

Abstract

Background
Chemical compounds and drugs (together called chemical entities) embedded in scientific articles are crucial for many information extraction tasks in the biomedical domain. However, only a very limited number of chemical entity recognition systems are publically available, probably due to the lack of large manually annotated corpora. To accelerate the development of chemical entity recognition systems, the Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO) and The University of Navarra organized a challenge on Chemical and Drug Named Entity Recognition (CHEMDNER). The CHEMDNER challenge contains two individual subtasks: 1) Chemical Entity Mention recognition (CEM); and 2) Chemical Document Indexing (CDI). Our study proposes machine learning-based systems for the CEM task.

Methods
The 2013 CHEMDNER challenge organizers provided a manually annotated 10,000 UTF8-encoded PubMed abstracts according to a predefined annotation guideline: a training set of 3,500 abstracts, a development set of 3,500 abstracts and a test set of 3,000 abstracts. We developed machine learning-based systems, based on conditional random fields (CRF) and structured support vector machines (SSVM) respectively, for the CEM task for this data set. The effects of three types of word representation (WR) features, generated by Brown clustering, random indexing and skip-gram, on both two machine learning-based systems were also investigated. The performance of our system was evaluated on the test set using scripts provided by the CHEMDNER challenge organizers. Primary evaluation measures were micro Precision, Recall, and F-measure.

Results
Our best system was among the top ranked systems with an official micro F-measure of 85.05%. Fixing a bug caused by inconsistent features marginally improved the performance (micro F-measure of 85.20%) of the system.

Conclusions
The SSVM-based CEM systems outperformed the CRF-based CEM systems when using the same features. Each type of the WR feature was beneficial to the CEM task. Both the CRF-based and SSVM-based systems using the all three types of WR features showed better performance than the systems using only one type of the WR feature.
Intracellular complexes of the early-onset torsion dystonia-associated AAA+ ATPase TorsinA
Authors: Li Hui , Wu Hui-Chuan , Liu Zhonghua , Zacchi Lucia F , Brodsky Jeffrey L , Zolkiewski Michal 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA single GAG codon deletion in the gene encoding torsinA is linked to most cases of early-onset torsion dystonia. TorsinA is an ER-localized membrane-associated ATPase from the AAA+ superfamily with an unknown biological function. We investigated the formation of oligomeric complexes of torsinA in cultured mammalian cells and found that wild type torsinA associates into a complex with a molecular weight consistent with that of a homohexamer. Interestingly, the dystonia-linked variant torsinAΔE displayed a reduced propensity to form the oligomers compared to the wild type protein. We also discovered that the deletion of the N-terminal membrane-associating region of torsinA abolished oligomer formation. Our results demonstrate that the dystonia-linked mutation in the torsinA gene produces a protein variant that is deficient in maintaining its oligomeric state and suggest that ER membrane association is required to stabilize the torsinA complex.
Rituximab for pulmonary lymphomatoid granulomatosis which developed as a complication of methotrexate and azathioprine therapy for rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Barakat Athar , Grover Karan , Peshin Rohit 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
We report the case of a patient with Rheumatoid Arthritis [RA] presenting with clinical-pathological and radiological features of Pulmonary Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis (PLG). This is a rare lung disorder characterized by multiple nodular lesions with lymphocytic invasion of vascular walls. We present one such case of PLG secondary to Methotrexate and Azathioprine therapy, who was successfully treated with Steroids and Rituximab. We wish to highlight the importance of lung biopsy in the diagnosis and the use of rituximab as a treatment modality for RA as well as PLG.
Registration system of cloud campus by using android smart tablet
Authors: Kamada Shin , Ichimura Takumi , Shigeyasu Tetsuya , Takemoto Yasuhiko 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Near Field Communication (NFC) standard covers communication protocols and data exchange formats. NFC technology is one of radio-frequency identification (RFID) standards. In Japan, Felica card is a popular way to identify the unique ID. We developed the attendance management system (AMS) as the Android application which works in the smart tablet with NFC. Generally, the AMS in the university is fixed to the wall and each student touches or slides his/her own card to the dedicated equipment. Because a teacher can use his/her own smart tablet and/or smartphone, the attendance records are viewed anytime and anywhere. Moreover, we developed the collecting system between PC and some tablets by using Android beam. Any personal data are encrypted and the file can be transferred over the NFC Bluetooth Handover between PC Linux and smart tablet. By the mining of the collected records, early discovery for chronic non-attenders are extracted in educational affairs section. In this paper, a registration system on the cloud campus system by using the personal smartphone with NFC is developed. The system enables to introduce the university courses that are open to the general public.
The stigma of epilepsy and its effects on marital status
Authors: Riasi Hamidreza , Rajabpour Sanati Ali , Ghaemi Kazem 
Published: June 2015

Abstract

Background
No previous studies have examined marital status of patients with epilepsy and epilepsy-related factors on perceived and enacted stigmas in Iran. In the present study, marital status of patients with epilepsy (PWE’s) in Birjand city in the east of Iran was investigated.

Methods
A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted to identify factors contributing to the marital status of PWE’s in a cross-sectional study with 471 participants. Diagnosis of epilepsy in participants (374 cases) was confirmed by at least two neurologists.

Results
Marriage rate of PWE’s was 27.3% (n = 102 patients) and divorce rate was 54.8% (n = 205 patients). Divorce rate in women was significantly higher than in men (62.6% vs. 46.4%; P < 0.05), and there were no significant differences between the different types of epilepsy (P > 0.05).

Conclusions
The stigma of epilepsy has impacts on marital status of PWE’s. The PWE’s suffering from the enacted stigma of epilepsy are significantly more likely to get divorced in comparison with other patients.
The McDonald exponentiated gamma distribution and its statistical properties
Authors: Al-Babtain Abdulhakim A , Merovci Faton , Elbatal Ibrahim 
Published: June 2015

Abstract

Abstract
In this paper, we propose a five-parameter lifetime model called the McDonald exponentiated gamma distribution to extend beta exponentiated gamma, Kumaraswamy exponentiated gamma and exponentiated gamma, among several other models. We provide a comprehensive mathematical treatment of this distribution. We derive the moment generating function and the rth moment. We discuss estimation of the parameters by maximum likelihood and provide the information matrix.

AMS Subject Classification
Primary 62N05; secondary 90B25
Fast sequences MR imaging at the investigation of painful skeletal sites in patients with hip osteonecrosis
Authors: Zibis Aristidis H , Varitimidis Sokratis E , Dailiana Zoe H , Karantanas Apostolos H , Arvanitis Dimitrios L , Malizos Konstantinos N 
Published: June 2015

Abstract

Background
Multiple osteonecrotic foci can be clinically silent when located in metaphyses and becomes painful when it affects juxta-articular areas. The purpose of this study was to assess the value of fast MR imaging to depict the underlying pathology in cases with skeletal pain other than the already diagnosed hip osteonecrosis.

Methods/design
Between 2008 and 2013, 49 patients with already diagnosed hip osteonecrosis reported symptoms of deep skeletal pain in an anatomical site different from the affected hip joint. All patients after thorough history & clinical examination underwent evaluation with x-rays and a single fat suppressed sequence with MR Imaging applying either T2-w TSE or STIR-TSE at the painful site. False positive and false negative findings were recorded for the conventional x-rays and compared to MRI.

Discussion
Forty four (89.8%) patients were positive for osteonecrotic lesions in this study and 76 symptomatic osteonecrosis lesions were revealed at 14 distinct anatomic sites. The agreement between the x-ray findings and the MR imaging regarding osteonecrosis was 46.9%. Plain x-rays showed 43.4% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100% positive predictive value and 10.4% negative predictive value.
Fast MR imaging with fat suppressed sequences is necessary and adequate as a single method for the investigation of painful skeletal sites in patients with already diagnosed hip osteonecrosis. It allows early diagnosis of the potentially debilitating multiple juxta-articular lesions and consequently their prompt management.
Performance of a novel KRAS mutation assay for formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissues of colorectal cancer
Authors: Sakai Kazuko , Yoneshige Azusa , Ito Akihiko , Ueda Yoji , Kondo Satoshi , Nobumasa Hitoshi , Fujita Yoshihiko , Togashi Yosuke , Terashima Masato , De Velasco Marco A , Tomida Shuta , Nishio Kazuto 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
We compared the performance of the 3D-Gene® mutation assay (3D-Gene® KRAS mutation assay kit) with the Scorpion-ARMS (therascreen® KRAS RGQ PCR Kit) and Luminex (MEBGEN™ KRAS kit) assays for the detection of KRAS mutations in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples from 150 patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer. DNA was extracted from the paraffin-embedded tissue samples with or without macrodissection under hematoxylin and eosin staining and the KRAS mutation status was independently determined using these assays. Discordant results were re-analyzed by Sanger sequencing. Mutation detection analysis was successfully performed in all 150 specimens using the 3D-Gene® mutation assay without an invalid case. The concordance rate between the 3D-Gene® mutation assay and Scorpion-ARMS or Luminex was 98.7% (148/150). KRAS mutations were detected at a frequency of 35.3% (53/150) in colorectal cancer specimens. Three discrepant cases were found between the three assays. Overall, our results demonstrate a high concordance rate of between the 3D-Gene® mutation assay and the two existing in-vitro diagnostics kits. All three assays proved to be validated methods for detecting clinically significant KRAS mutations in paraffin-embedded tissue samples.
Testing the tunnel effect: comparison, age and happiness in UK and German panels
Authors: FitzRoy Felix R , Nolan Michael A , Steinhardt Max F , Ulph David 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn contrast to previous results combining all ages, we findpositiveeffects of comparison income on happiness for the under 45s and negative effects for those over 45. In the UK, these coefficients are several times the magnitude of own income effects. In West Germany, they cancel out to givenoeffect of comparison income on life satisfaction in the whole sample when controlling for fixed effects, time-in-panel, and age-groupings. Pooled OLS estimation gives the usual negative comparison effect in the whole sample for both West Germany and the UK. The residual age-happiness relationship is hump-shaped in all three countries. Results are consistent with a simple life cycle model of relative income under uncertainty.Jel codesD10, I31, J10
Preparation and Transport Performances of High-Density, Aligned Carbon Nanotube Membranes
Authors: Zhang Lei , Zhao Bin , Jiang Chuan , Yang Junhe , Zheng Guangping 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
We report a simple and effective method for the preparation of high-density and aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) membranes. The CNT arrays were prepared by water-assisted chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and were subsequently pushed over and stacked into dense membranes by mechanical rolling. It was demonstrated that various gases and liquids, including H2, He, N2, O2, Ar, water, ethanol, hexane, and kerosene, could effectively pass through the aligned carbon nanotube membranes. The membranes exhibited different selections on different gases, indicating that there was a separation potential for the gas mixtures. The selectivities (H2 relative to other gases) of H2/He, H2/N2, H2/O2, and H2/Ar were found to be lower than that of the ideal Knudsen model. For pure water, the permeability was measured to be 3.23 ± 0.05 ml·min−1·cm−2 at 1 atm, indicating that the CNT membranes were promising for applications in liquid filtration and separation.
Extensive rewiring of epithelial-stromal co-expression networks in breast cancer
Authors: Oh Eun-Yeong , Christensen Stephen M , Ghanta Sindhu , Jeong Jong Cheol , Bucur Octavian , Glass Benjamin , Montaser-Kouhsari Laleh , Knoblauch Nicholas W , Bertos Nicholas , Saleh Sadiq MI , Haibe-Kains Benjamin , Park Morag , Beck Andrew H 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Background
Epithelial-stromal crosstalk plays a critical role in invasive breast cancer pathogenesis; however, little is known on a systems level about how epithelial-stromal interactions evolve during carcinogenesis.

Results
We develop a framework for building genome-wide epithelial-stromal co-expression networks composed of pairwise co-expression relationships between mRNA levels of genes expressed in the epithelium and stroma across a population of patients. We apply this method to laser capture micro-dissection expression profiling datasets in the setting of breast carcinogenesis. Our analysis shows that epithelial-stromal co-expression networks undergo extensive rewiring during carcinogenesis, with the emergence of distinct network hubs in normal breast, and estrogen receptor-positive and estrogen receptor-negative invasive breast cancer, and the emergence of distinct patterns of functional network enrichment. In contrast to normal breast, the strongest epithelial-stromal co-expression relationships in invasive breast cancer mostly represent self-loops, in which the same gene is co-expressed in epithelial and stromal regions. We validate this observation using an independent laser capture micro-dissection dataset and confirm that self-loop interactions are significantly increased in cancer by performing computational image analysis of epithelial and stromal protein expression using images from the Human Protein Atlas.

Conclusions
Epithelial-stromal co-expression network analysis represents a new approach for systems-level analyses of spatially localized transcriptomic data. The analysis provides new biological insights into the rewiring of epithelial-stromal co-expression networks and the emergence of epithelial-stromal co-expression self-loops in breast cancer. The approach may facilitate the development of new diagnostics and therapeutics targeting epithelial-stromal interactions in cancer.
quantro: a data-driven approach to guide the choice of an appropriate normalization method
Authors: Hicks Stephanie C. , Irizarry Rafael A. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractNormalization is an essential step in the analysis of high-throughput data. Multi-sample global normalization methods, such as quantile normalization, have been successfully used to remove technical variation. However, these methods rely on the assumption that observed global changes across samples are due to unwanted technical variability. Applying global normalization methods has the potential to remove biologically driven variation. Currently, it is up to the subject matter experts to determine if the stated assumptions are appropriate. Here, we propose a data-driven alternative. We demonstrate the utility of our method (quantro) through examples and simulations. A software implementation is available from http://www.bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/quantro.html.