bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Concussion management by paediatricians: a national survey of Canadian paediatricians
Authors: Gordon Kevin , Do Minh T , Thompson Wendy , McFaull Steven 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveTo determine: (a) concussion/mTBI guideline use, (b) criteria used in initiating return to play (RTP), and (c) the management of RTP by Canadian paediatricians.DesignCross-sectional survey.SubjectsSample of 2599 Canadian paediatric specialists and subspecialists.MethodsThe Canadian Paediatric Surveillance Program provided the sampling frame and survey management. Potential participants were sent a seven-item survey inquiring whether they managed children with concussion, and if so, which guidelines they used, and their initiating RTP criteria and duration.Results809 paediatricians responded (31%), with 503 eligible for the study by indicating that they managed children/youth with newly diagnosed with concussion/mTBI. They reported collectively managing approximately 6700 children/youth within the last 12 months (2010–2011). They reported using many concussion/mTBI guidelines: Canadian Paediatric Society (n=244), American Academy of Paediatrics (n=101), Concussion in Sport Group (n=68), Canadian Academy of Sport and Exercise Medicine (n=58), and the American Academy of Neurology (n=25). Similarly, different criteria were used to determine asymptomatic status. Most common were: free from all concussion symptoms, by patient report (n=323), by proxy report (parent/other) (n=269), and free from continuous daily (unremitting) headache (n=162). Of those reporting, most (∼85%) indicated that theydid notinitiate RTP immediately after their patients became asymptomatic. The median recommend time before initiating RTP was 7 days.ConclusionsConcussions/mTBI are frequently encountered by Canadian paediatricians. There is heterogeneity in the guidelines used and the criteria used to determine when patients become asymptomatic with most recommending asymptomatic time before starting RTP.Competing interestsNone.
Epidemiology and age comparisons of patients presenting to a dedicated community concussion clinic
Authors: Register-Mihalik Johna K , Maio Valerie J De , Tibbo-Valeriote Holly , Lanier Brian , Jackson Thomas , Wooten John D 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveTo describe the epidemiology of student-athletes presenting to a community concussion clinic and to compare post-concussive outcomes between younger and older patients.DesignRetrospective cohort.SettingCommunity concussion clinic.PatientsStudent-athletes (10–18 years) presenting to a concussion clinic August 2009–July 2011 (n=280).InterventionsThe independent variable was age (10–14 vs 15–18 years).Main Outcome MeasurementsOutcome measures included Immediate Post Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Test (ImPACT) composite (COMP) and percentile-rank (PR) scores, symptom scores, and Balance Error Scoring System (BESS) score. Univariate statistics were used for age comparisons.ResultsCharacteristics of patients were: male (76%), mean age (14.6±2.3 years), previous head trauma (61%), migraine family history (25%), initially evaluated in the emergency department (ED) (55%), loss of consciousness (24%), anterograde amnesia (21%). Common sport and injury mechanisms were American football (42%) and person-to-person contact (41%). Common symptoms included: headache (67%), fatigue (45%), difficulty concentrating (44%), and drowsiness (44%). At initial visit, younger (n=135) compared to older (n=145) patients had lower processing speed PR (30.5±27.8 vs 38.1±29.7*) and COMP (29.9±6.5 vs 35.2±8.1*), slower reaction time COMP (0.67±0.14 vs 0.61±0.09*), and lower cognitive symptom severity (2.8±3.9 vs 4.6±6.0*). Older patients were more likely to report time-of-injury dizziness (OR=2.0; 95% CI 1.1 to 3.8*) and fogginess (OR=2.0; 95% CI 1.2 to 3.4*) and being dazed (OR=2.3; 95% CI 1.2 to 4.2*) and foggy (OR=2.3; 95% CI 1.3 to 4.3*) at initial visit. (*p<0.05) No BESS differences were observed.ConclusionsPatients presenting to concussion clinics are often ED referrals and may represent a unique group with complicated post-injury patterns. Clinicians should be mindful of age and cognitive differences in post-concussion evaluations.Competing interestsNone.
School absence, academic accommodation and health-related quality of life in adolescents with sport-related concussion
Authors: Parsons John T , Curtis Bay R , Valovich McLeod Tamara C 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveDetermine school absence and accommodation frequency, accommodation type, and relationship to health-related quality of life (HRQOL), following concussion.DesignRepeated measures.SettingSecondary schools.Patients or Other ParticipantsAthletes with diagnosed concussion (n=149; males=130, females=19, age=15.7±1.1, grade=10.0±1.0).InterventionsSport-Concussion Assessment Tool-2 (SCAT2), a general survey, paediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL), Multidimensional Fatigue Scale, and Headache Impact Test (HIT-6) were administered on date of injury (DOI), and days 3(D3), 10(D10), and 30(D30) post-injury. The general survey captured academic absence and accommodation occurrences and accommodation type.Main Outcome MeasuresDependent variables: school absence; academic accommodation; and, type of accommodation received. Descriptive and Mann-Whitney U analyses were employed.ResultsOf 143 patients: 28% (n=40) missed school, 16.1% (n=23) received academic accommodations, and 7.7% (n=11) experienced both. The most frequent accommodation was shorter school day (n=9 (39%)). Those requiring accommodations: missed more school, had lower D3 physical, psychosocial, and school functioning, and PedsQL total score; and had higher D30 HIT6 score (all p<0.05). Those with school absences had: more problems with DOI balance, slowness, fatigue, confusion, drowsiness, sleep, irritability, symptom severity and endorsement (all p<0.05); lower (all p<0.05) DOI SCAT2 total score D3 physical, psychosocial, and school functioning, PedsQL total score and sleep fatigue and higher D10 HIT6 total.ConclusionsResults suggest that SRC-induced school absence and accommodations are related to declines in DOI and D3 HRQOL and increased symptom severity. Further research should explore the predictive value of these measures to future academic disruption.AcknowledgementsThis study was funded by a grant from the National Operating Committee for Standards on Athletic Equipment (NOCSAE).Competing interestsNone.
Neuroimaging dual task performance in youth after sports-related concussion: an fMRI study
Authors: Keightley Michelle L , Sinopoli Katia , Wells Greg , Chen Jen-Kai , Taha Tim , Ptito Alain 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveTo identify the neural substrates of a dual-task paradigm and evaluate performance in concussed versus non-concussed youth 3–6 months post-injury.DesignStandard structural (T1, T2, FLAIR, DTI) and functional (single-shot T2*-weighted pulse sequence with in-out spiral readout images) were collected using a 3 Tesla imaging system. fMRIstat was used to analyse the data.SettingMale participants 9–15 years of age were recruited from The Greater Toronto Hockey League and The Hospital for Sick Children via poster advertising.Subjects13 concussed youth (mean age=12.61+1.55 years) and 14 control subjects (mean age 12.59±1.55 years).InterventionNone.Outcome MeasuresAccuracy (ACC) and reaction time (RT) during (1) a 0–3 back visuospatial working memory task; (2) a two finger button pressing motor task and (3) dual-task cost associated with simultaneously performing the working memory and motor tasks.ResultsThere were no significant group differences across single and dual-task conditions. Although both groups activated similar brain regions across tasks, concussed youth demonstrated significantly less percent BOLD change in the prefrontal cortex across all working memory task comparisons. Similar results were found during the 1 vs 0 back and 2 vs 0 back dual task conditions, but not for the 3 vs 0 back dual task condition.ConclusionsDifferences in brain function can be observed in youth who have sustained a single injury 3–6 months earlier. Further research is needed to identify the clinical correlates of these atypical activation patterns.AcknowledgementsCanadian Institute of Health Research (CIHR) and Ontario Neurotrauma Foundation (ONF).Competing interestsNone.
Balance testing of concussion patients using dual-task interference
Authors: Valentine Verle D , Dorman Jason C , Munce Thayne A , Nelson Hannah K , Kindt Shanna L , Joel Tjarks B , Bergeron Michael F 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveTo compare the diagnostic utility of balance testing (BT) with a dual-task cognitive challenge to concussion symptom scores (SS).DesignObservational clinical trial.SettingConcussion clinic, Sioux Falls, SD, USA.Subjects18 subjects (12–20 years) diagnosed with a concussion, examined within 10 days of injury and seen for ≥4 visits; 26 healthy, age- and gender-matched controls (BT evaluated 2X).Outcome MeasuresSS and BT from each clinical visit. Postural stability (AMTI force platform) assessed by velocity (V) of movement and 95% ellipse area (EA) during four BT conditions: eyes open (O), eyes open+cognitive challenge (recite the months of the year backwards; OC), eyes closed (C), and eyes closed+cognitive challenge (CC).ResultsConcussed group: all tests were abnormal at visit one, with progressive improvement of SS over four visits (mean=35.7, 31.4, 18.5, 10.6) and progressive resolution of postural stability (1.0 SD±normative mean). By visit two, V had resolved in all four conditions; however, all four conditions were still abnormal when measured as EA. By visit three, EA for O, OC, and C tasks returned to normal, while the CC task remained abnormal. By visit four, all BT means had returned to normal.ConclusionsImprovements in postural stability coincide (though resolve earlier) with reductions in SS. Although more variable, SS and EA were, more sensitive to abnormality than V. Further validation of this novel methodology may help to establish BT as an effective tool in concussion management and research.Competing interestsNone.
Republished: A systematic literature review of strategies promoting early referral and reducing delays in the diagnosis and management of inflammatory arthritis
Authors: Villeneuve Edith , Nam Jackie L , Bell Mary J , Deighton Christopher M , Felson David T , Hazes Johanna M , McInnes Iain B , Silman Alan J , Solomon Daniel H , Thompson Andrew E , White Patience H P , Bykerk Vivian P , Emery Paul 
Published: March 2013

Abstract

Background
Despite the importance of timely management of patients with inflammatory arthritis (IA), delays exist in its diagnosis and treatment.

Objective
To perform a systematic literature review to identify strategies addressing these delays to inform an American College of Rheumatology (ACR)/European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) taskforce.

Methods
The authors searched literature published between January 1985 and November 2010, and ACR and EULAR abstracts between 2007–2010. Additional information was obtained through a grey literature search, a survey conducted through ACR and EULAR, and a hand search of the literature.

Results
(1) From symptom onset to primary care, community case-finding strategies, including the use of a questionnaire and autoantibody testing, have been designed to identify patients with early IA. Several websites provided information on IA but were of varying quality and insufficient to aid early referral. (2) At a primary care level, education programmes and patient self-administered questionnaires identified patients with potential IA for referral to rheumatology. Many guidelines emphasised the need for early referral with one providing specific referral criteria. (3) Once referred, early arthritis clinics provided a point of early access for rheumatology assessment. Triage systems, including triage clinics, helped prioritise clinic appointments for patients with IA. Use of referral forms standardised information required, further optimising the triage process. Wait times for patients with acute IA were also reduced with development of rapid access systems.

Conclusions
This review identified three main areas of delay to care for patients with IA and potential solutions for each. A co-ordinated effort will be required by the rheumatology and primary care community to address these effectively.
Long-term Vaccination with Multiple Peptides Derived from Cancer-Testis Antigens Can Maintain a Specific T-cell Response and Achieve Disease Stability in Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer
Authors: Aruga Atsushi , Takeshita Nobuhiro , Kotera Yoshihito , Okuyama Ryuji , Matsushita Norimasa , Ohta Takehiro , Takeda Kazuyoshi , Yamamoto Masakazu 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Purpose: The prognosis of patients with advanced biliary tract cancer (BTC) is extremely poor and there are only a few standard treatments. We conducted a phase I trial to investigate the safety, immune response, and antitumor effect of vaccination with four peptides derived from cancer-testis antigens, with a focus on their fluctuations during long-term vaccination until the disease had progressed.
Experimental Design: Nine patients with advanced BTC who had unresectable tumors and were refractory to standard chemotherapy were enrolled. HLA-A*2402–restricted epitope peptides, lymphocyte antigen 6 complex locus K, TTK protein kinase, insulin-like growth factor-II mRNA-binding protein 3, and DEP domain containing 1 were vaccinated subcutaneously once a week at doses of 0.5, 1, or 2 mg and continued until disease progression. The adverse events were assessed by Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events and the immune response was monitored by an enzyme-linked immunospot assay or by flow cytometry. The clinical effects observed were tumor response, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS).
Results: Four-peptide vaccination was well tolerated. No grade 3 or 4 adverse events were observed. Peptide-specific T-cell immune responses were observed in seven of nine patients and clinical responses were observed in six of nine patients. The median PFS and OS were 156 and 380 days. The injection site reaction and CTL induction seemed to be prognostic factors of both PFS and OS.
Conclusions: Four-peptide vaccination was well tolerated and seemed to provide some clinical benefit to some patients. These immunologic and clinical responses were maintained over the long term through continuous vaccinations. Clin Cancer Res; 19(8); 2224–31. ©2013 AACR.
A Targeted RNAi Screen of the Breast Cancer Genome Identifies KIF14 and TLN1 as Genes That Modulate Docetaxel Chemosensitivity in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Singel Stina Mui , Cornelius Crystal , Batten Kimberly , Fasciani Gail , Wright Woodring E. , Lum Lawrence , Shay Jerry W. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Purpose: To identify biomarkers within the breast cancer genome that may predict chemosensitivity in breast cancer.
Experimental Design: We conducted an RNA interference (RNAi) screen within the breast cancer genome for genes whose loss-of-function enhanced docetaxel chemosensitivity in an estrogen receptor–negative, progesterone receptor–negative, and Her2-negative (ER−, PR−, and Her2−, respectively) breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-231. Top candidates were tested for their ability to modulate chemosensitivity in 8 breast cancer cell lines and to show in vivo chemosensitivity in a mouse xenograft model.
Results: From ranking chemosensitivity of 328 short hairpin RNA (shRNA) MDA-MB-231 cell lines (targeting 133 genes with known somatic mutations in breast cancer), we focused on the top two genes, kinesin family member 14 (KIF14) and talin 1 (TLN1). KIF14 and TLN1 loss-of-function significantly enhanced chemosensitivity in four triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines (MDA-MB-231, HCC38, HCC1937, and Hs478T) but not in three hormone receptor–positive cell lines (MCF7, T47D, and HCC1428) or normal human mammary epithelial cells (HMEC). Decreased expression of KIF14, but not TLN1, also enhanced docetaxel sensitivity in a Her2-amplified breast cancer cell line, SUM190PT. Higher KIF14 and TLN1 expressions are found in TNBCs compared with the other clinical subtypes. Mammary fat pad xenografts of KIF14- and TLN1-deficient MDA-MB-231 cells revealed reduced tumor mass compared with control MDA-MB-231 cells after chemotherapy. KIF14 expression is also prognostic of relapse-free and overall survival in representative breast cancer expression arrays.
Conclusion: KIF14 and TLN1 are modulators of response to docetaxel and potential therapeutic targets in TNBC. Clin Cancer Res; 19(8); 2061–70. ©2013 AACR.
Human Rights Are the Rights of the Infinite: An Interview with Alain Badiou
Authors: Blechman Max , Chari Anita , Hasan Rafeeq 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
In seeking to found a ‘new political logic’, Badiou argues that we can only retrieve the political sense of concrete negation through its subordination to a prior field of affirmation: i.e. the opening of a new possibility inside a given historical situation, or ‘the event’, that may be politically realised through the creation of a ‘new subjective body’ consisting in the social affirmation of those new possibilities. Revolutionary politics is therefore said to rest on a synthesis of, on the one hand, democracy in the sense of spontaneous mass-political irruption, and, on the other, a prescriptive elaboration of the ramifications of the event. The discussion then turns to the question of strategy – outside and against the politically moribund State-form – and his reconfiguration of political universality vis-à-vis the formulations of classical Marxism.
Badiou counterposes capitalist ideology’s implicit anthropology of self-interested animals to his own of subjects embodied in a generic truth-procedure and its concomitant model of political rights, where what is ultimately at stake is ‘the complete transformation of the form of . . . difference, of the way the difference exists’ rather than a materialist dialectics of antagonistic contradiction. The interview concludes with Badiou clarifying his relationship to Lacanian psychoanalysis as an essential but by no means exhaustive conceptual armoury for understanding the relation between subject and event.
Islam in Gramsci’s Journalism and Prison Notebooks: The Shifting Patterns of Hegemony
Authors: Boothman Derek 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Gramsci recognised the inestimable historical contribution of Muslim and Arab civilisations, writing on these in his newspaper articles, his pre-prison letters and the Prison Notebooks. The Islamic world contemporary with him was largely rural, with the masses heavily influenced by religion, analogous in some ways to Italy whose economy was still largely oriented towards a peasantry among whom the Vatican played a leading (and highly reactionary) role. In addition to factors such as the politics-religion nexus, what Gramsci was also analysing, without saying as much explicitly, was the upheaval caused by the disintegration and dismemberment of the Ottoman Empire, and the inter-imperialist rivalries over the spoils and the construction of new states from its ruins. Here he draws attention to the first hesitant and contradictory anticolonial stances being adopted among the traditional leaders, as well recognising the basis for more popularly-based movements. In both Catholic countries and, as Gramsci knew especially from the experience of his Comintern work, in parts of the Muslim world, these movements could at times assume a left and politically radical orientation. What emerges is a picture of conflicting hegemonies involving principally religion, class, the political ambivalence of many religious leaders, and a burgeoning nationalism contraposed to the supra-nationalist claims of religion. But the factor underlying everything is the potential of the masses who, if awakened from torpor and detached from European colonialism, were judged capable of rupturing previous imperially-determined equilibria.
Cosmopolitanism and the Geographies of Freedom, David Harvey, New York: Columbia University Press, 2009
Authors: Green Pete 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
The work under review is, in contrast to recent more accessible work by Harvey, such as The Enigma of Capital, a highly condensed survey of a wide range of primarily philosophical investigations (including most notably Kant and Heidegger) relating to issues of cosmopolitanism and globalisation. Harvey emphasises the relevance of historical/geographical analysis neglected by most of the theorists he discusses. Politically he seeks to counterpose an ‘insurgent’ and ‘subaltern’ cosmopolitanism to the liberal version of Beck, Held et al. which dominates current debates. But Harvey’s reliance on an organicist ‘internal relations’ conception of dialectical theory itself requires critique.
A Critique of Localist Political Economy and Urban Agriculture
Authors: Sharzer Greg 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
In the Global North, Urban Agriculture (UA) is being considered as a way to overcome malnutrition and promote local, ethical production. UA can be understood through two phenomena integral to the capitalist mode of production: capital centralisation and rent. Centralisation explains why capitalist agriculture industrialises, while rent provides a theoretical framework for understanding how social and spatial relations structure urban land uses. Urban farming can occupy niches of the capitalist marketplace; however, its prospects for replacing large-scale agriculture and providing similar use-values are limited. Its expansion is bounded by rising land values expressed in rent, as Detroit’s urban farm, Markham’s food belt, Los Angeles’s community garden, and initiatives in other cities demonstrate. The key tasks for political ecologists are two-fold: situating UA within capital’s drive to accumulate and proposing strategic perspectives that challenge these inherent tendencies.