bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcriptomic analysis of a cold‐resistant Nordic microalga: unraveling the mechanisms underlying adaptation to low temperatures
Authors: Spain Olivia , Bajhaiya Amit K. , Tanner Hugh , Cook Sam , Funk Christiane 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCold stress imposes a great physiological impact on most photosynthetic organisms. The acclimation to cold is very poorly studied in microalgae, even though understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying their cold tolerance has implications for biotechnological applications, such as the development of cold‐tolerant strains for industrial purposes. Scenedesmus sp. B2‐2 is a Nordic strain of green freshwater microalgae that thrives in cold conditions. Here, we analyzed transcriptomic changes of B2‐2 when exposed to the cold (5°C) and compared it to a control grown at 25°C. The aim was to understand more about the mechanisms underlying B2‐2's adaptation to low temperatures. We studied differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to lipid synthesis, carbon metabolism and photosynthesis. Scenedesmus sp. B2‐2 produced more lipids when exposed to cold conditions and did not reduce its carbon metabolism or photosynthetic processes. 24 putative cold‐responsive genes were found to be non‐responsive in Scenedesmus sp. B2‐2 when grown at 5°C. These genes could serve as targets for genetic engineering to enhance cold tolerance in algal strains used in biotechnology. We also studied B2‐2´s cell wall changes in response to cold by measuring cell wall thickness at 1, 4, 12, 24, 48, 72, 120 and 240 hours of cold exposure and correlating the results to the transcriptomic data. The results show that the cell wall thickens with increased duration of cold exposure. Several glycosyltransferases were found to be significantly up‐regulated throughout cold exposure and may play a role in cell wall thickening.
Decoding load or selection in visuospatial working memory?
Authors: Tortajada Miriam , Fahrenfort Johannes J. , Sandoval‐Lentisco Alejandro , Martínez‐Pérez Víctor , Palmero Lucía B. , Castillo Alejandro , Fuentes Luis J. , Campoy Guillermo , Olivers Christian N. L. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFlexible updating of information in Visual Working Memory (VWM) is crucial to deal with its limited capacity. Previous research has shown that the removal of no longer relevant information takes some time to complete. Here, we sought to study the time course of such removal by tracking the accompanying drop in load through behavioral and neurophysiological measures. In the first experimental session, participants completed a visuospatial retro‐cue task in which the Cue‐Target Interval (CTI) was manipulated. The performance revealed that it takes about half a second to make full use of the retro‐cue. In a second session, we sought to study the dynamics of load‐related electroencephalographic (EEG) signals to track the removal of information. We applied Multivariate Pattern Analysis (MVPA) to EEG data from the same task. Right after encoding, results replicated previous research using MVPA to decode load. However, especially after the retro‐cue, results suggested that classifiers were mainly sensitive to a selection component, and not so much to load per se. Additionally, visual cue variations, as well as eye movements that accompany load manipulations can also contribute to decoding. These findings advise caution when using MVPA to decode VWM load, as classifiers may be sensitive to confounding operations.
The problems with pin bones: Intermuscular bone development and function in salmonids and their implications for aquaculture
Authors: Lyall Brianne A. , Witten P. Eckhard , Carter Chris G. , Perrott Matthew R. , Symonds Jane E. , Walker Seumas P. , Waddington Zac , Amoroso Gianluca 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA healthy skeletal system is fundamental to fish welfare and performance and a key physiological feature of a robust fish. The presence of skeletal deformities in farmed salmonids is a persistent welfare problem in aquaculture, and one which threatens to impede industry growth. Deformities of the fine bones of fish, such as ribs and intermuscular bones (IBs), have received less attention than vertebral body deformities, despite their potential to compromise fish welfare and product quality. IBs, commercially known as pin bones, are small spicule‐like bones embedded in the muscle fillets of salmonids, cyprinids and other basal teleost species. In farmed basal teleosts, they impact fish processing, have negative effects on the economic value of fish and present a potential consumer health concern if ingested. Current understanding of IB development and function in teleosts has mostly relied on morphological research. More recently, advances in our understanding of molecular mechanisms of IB development in cyprinids have been made, largely due to the exploration of breeding IB‐free fish for use in aquaculture. In this review, we explore the existing literature on IBs in teleosts, highlight the points of contention within this field of research and identify the significant knowledge gaps about the development and function of salmonid IBs. To our knowledge, there is no available research on the function of IBs and scarce research concerning IB development in salmonids. Future research on teleost IBs would benefit from the use of consistent terminology to facilitate interdisciplinary collaboration and identify research outputs in this field.
Mixedness in conflict: The impact of Yugoslav wars on intermarriages in the Western Balkans
Authors: Lendák‐Kabók Karolina 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis paper examines the phenomenon of intermarriages in the Western Balkans, shedding light on their intricate relationship with the region's tumultuous history, ethnic diversity, and socio‐political dynamics. Through a comprehensive exploration of interethnic unions across different areas, the study delves into how these marriages have historically served as symbols of coexistence and integration, particularly during the mid‐20th century, when they were encouraged by the newly‐formed states to unite the different nations living in them. However, the rise of ethno‐nationalism and the Yugoslav Wars significantly impacted these marital patterns, underscoring the complex interplay between politics, culture, and traditional norms. The paper highlights the decline in mixed marriages post‐war, persistent ethnic tensions, and varying dynamics in different locales, suggesting that comprehensive approaches are needed for sustainable peace and unity in the Western Balkans. Through this lens, intermarriages emerge not just as personal unions but as potent symbols and potential catalysts for broader societal transformations, albeit within a context of considerable challenges and the need for nuanced, multifaceted approaches to fostering lasting interethnic harmony.
Skin & SMAS layer remodeling technique (SSRT): Achieving both volume and lifting effects with filler treatments
Authors: Hong Gi‐Woong , Yi Kyu‐Ho 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe skin & SMAS layer remodeling technique (SSRT) represents a significant advancement in facial aesthetic treatments. Traditional methods primarily address wrinkles and volume loss, whereas SSRT focuses on achieving both volume and natural lifting effects through strategic filler injections. This technique emphasizes the anatomical and dynamic properties of facial tissues, particularly the SMAS, to enhance facial symmetry and contours while maintaining natural movement.Materials and MethodsSSRT employs a combination of firm and soft hyaluronic acid fillers to sculpt a youthful, dynamic appearance, simulating the natural lift of a smiling expression. This study explores the effects of gravity on facial tissues and uses advanced imaging techniques to corroborate the shifting of tissues. The technique is compared with other recognized methods, such as true lift and myomodulation, to evaluate its effectiveness in balancing volume enhancement and dynamic facial expressions.ResultsThe results indicate that SSRT uniquely balances volume enhancement and dynamic facial expressions, achieving a visibly lifted but natural appearance. The use of advanced imaging techniques substantiates SSRT's effectiveness by showing the shifting of tissues. SSRT reduces the risks associated with excessive filler use and aligns with contemporary aesthetic preferences.ConclusionSSRT offers a novel approach by mimicking the facial lift observed when lying down, providing insights into potential transformative “lifts” when upright. By strategically combining firm and soft hyaluronic acid fillers, SSRT achieves a balance of volume and lift, enhancing facial symmetry and maintaining natural movement. This technique represents a significant advancement in facial aesthetic treatments, offering a natural and dynamic alternative to traditional methods.
Ambient noise tomography reveals complex crustal structure beneath eastern and northeastern Tibet: Insight into regional crustal flow
Authors: Wu Tengfei , Zou Chenyang , Hua Yujin , Chen Meng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe present a 3‐D crustal S‐wave velocity (Vs) model for eastern and northeastern Tibet utilizing ambient noise tomography. Our model reveals that crustal flow channels are absent in northeastern Tibet. In this region, the Kunlun Fault (KLF) significantly impacts mid‐lower crust low‐Vs anomalies. In addition, isolated low‐Vs anomalies beneath the Qilian orogeny are unrelated to the low‐Vs materials of the Tibetan Plateau. In the mid‐lower crust of the Songpan‐Ganzi terrane, its northeastern corner exhibits continuous low‐Vs anomalies, limited to areas south of the West Qinglin and west of 104° E. This suggests that a small‐scale northward viscous flow of crustal materials exists in the eastern KLF. However, two significant crustal flow channels (Vs ≤ 3.3 km/s) are observed in eastern Tibet. The east–west tectonic movements and the obstruction of the Sichuan Basin together facilitate the dispersion of crustal materials southward from eastern Tibet.
Removal of an anterior chamber foreign body using hydropulsion and ophthalmic viscoelastic device capture in a dog
Authors: Wiggans K. Tomo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the removal of an adherent, presumed plant‐based, anterior chamber foreign body (ACFB) from the inferior iridocorneal angle in a dog using hydropulsion and ophthalmic viscoelastic device (OVD) capture.Animal StudiedA 6‐year‐old female spayed pit bull terrier who was referred for further evaluation of a corneal opacity after being observed running into a thorned succulent plant 1 month earlier. On ophthalmic examination, no corneal foreign body was noted, though mild uveitis was present. Gonioscopy revealed a suspected plant foreign body (thorn tip) in the inferior iridocorneal angle.ProcedureUnder general anesthesia, the ACFB was dislodged from the inferior iridocorneal angle using hydropulsion with balanced salt solution. The superior half of the anterior chamber had been filled with 2% hydroxypropyl methylcellulose OVD to trap the foreign object. One month later, the uveitis had resolved and repeat gonioscopy confirmed the absence of any ACFB in the iridocorneal angle.ConclusionIn the absence of an intraoperative goniolens or endoscopy, hydropulsion and OVD capture of adherent ACFBs may be a feasible option for removal.
Algebraicity of hypergeometric functions with arbitrary parameters
Authors: Fürnsinn Florian , Yurkevich Sergey 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe provide a complete classification of the algebraicity of (generalized) hypergeometric functions with no restriction on the set of their parameters. Our characterization relies on the interlacing criteria of Christol and Beukers–Heckman for globally bounded and algebraic hypergeometric functions, however, in a more general setting that allows arbitrary complex parameters with possibly integral differences. We also showcase the adapted criterion on a variety of different examples.
Reducing intersectional stigma among transgender women in Brazil to promote uptake of HIV testing and PrEP: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial of Manas por Manas
Authors: Sevelius Jae , Veras Maria Amelia Sousa Mascena , Gomez Jose Luis , Saggese Gustavo , Mocello Adrienne Rain , Bassichetto Katia Cristina , Neilands Torsten B , Lippman Sheri A 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionGlobally, transgender (‘trans’) women experience extreme social and economic marginalisation due to intersectional stigma, defined as the confluence of stigma that results from the intersection of social identities and positions among those who are oppressed multiple times. Among trans women, gender-based stigma intersects with social positions such as engagement in sex work and substance use, as well as race-based stigma to generate a social context of vulnerability and increased risk of HIV acquisition. In Brazil, trans women are the ‘most at-risk’ group for HIV, with 55 times higher estimated odds of HIV infection than the general population; further, uptake of HIV testing and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among trans women is significantly lower than other at-risk groups. Through extensive formative work, we developed Manas por Manas, a multilevel intervention using HIV prevention strategies with demonstrated feasibility and acceptability by trans women in Brazil, to address intersectional stigma and increase engagement in the HIV prevention continuum.Methods and analysisWe are conducting a two-arm randomised wait-list controlled trial of the intervention’s efficacy in São Paulo, Brazil, to improve uptake of HIV testing and PrEP among transgender women (N=400). The primary outcomes are changes in HIV testing (self-testing and clinic based), changes in PrEP uptake and changes in PrEP persistence at baseline and follow-up assessment for 12 months at 3-month intervals.Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by University of California, San Francisco Institutional Review Board (15-17910) and Comissão Nacional de Ética em Pesquisa (Research Ethics National Commission, CAAE: 25215219.8.0000.5479) in Brazil. Participants provided informed consent before enrolment. We are committed to collaboration with National Institutes of Health officials, other researchers, and health and social services communities for rapid dissemination of data and sharing of materials. The results will be published in peer-reviewed academic journals and scientific presentations.Trial registration numberNCT03081559.
Statins for neuroprotection in spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage (STATIC): protocol for a multicentre, prospective and randomised controlled trial
Authors: Gao Daiquan , Chu Xuehong , Zhang Yunzhou , Yan Heli , Niu Lijian , Jiang Xuebin , Bao Shiying , Ji Xunming , Wu Chuanjie 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionIntracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) is a neurological emergency with high morbidity and mortality, and current treatment is limited. Emerging evidence has reported that statins can exert neuroprotective effects in cerebrovascular diseases. However, most of the published clinical studies are retrospective. Therefore, it is important to conduct a prospective randomised controlled trial to further validate the efficacy and safety of statins in patients with ICH.Methods and analysisThe present study is performed at Xuan Wu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing Fengtai You'anmen Hospital and Shunping County Hospital, Hebei Province. The target number of patients is 98. Eligible patients are randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to the statins group or the control group. The primary outcome is the perihaemorrhagic oedema to haematoma ratio at 7 days. Secondary outcomes include mortality at 30 days, haematoma resolution rate at 7 days, National Institute of Health stroke scale (NIHSS) score at 7 days or discharge, ordinal distribution of modified Rankin scale (mRS) score at 90 days, the proportion of patients with an mRS score of 0–2 on day 90, the proportion of patients with an mRS score of 0–3 on day 90, absolute haematoma volume changes between initial and 7-day follow-up CT scan, absolute perihaematomal oedema changes between initial and 7-day follow-up CT scan.Ethics and disseminationThe trial has been approved by the ethics committees of Xuan Wu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing Fengtai You'anmen Hospital and Shunping County Hospital, Hebei Province. The results will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal and in conference reports.Trial registration numberNCT04857632.
Unravelling clinicians’ shared decision-making adoption: a qualitative exploration through the lens of diffusion of innovations theory
Authors: Spinnewijn Laura , Aarts Johanna WM , Braat Didi , Scheele Fedde 
Published: June 2024

ObjectivesThis study uses the diffusion of innovations (DOI) theory to comprehensively understand the adoption of shared decision-making (SDM) in clinical practice, specifically focusing on the ‘knowledge’ and ‘persuasion’ stages within DOI. We aim to understand the challenges and dynamics associated with SDM adoption, offering insights for more patient-centred decision-making in healthcare.DesignThis qualitative study employs a modified framework analysis approach, integrating ethnographic and interview data from prior research, along with additional interviews. The framework used is based on the DOI theory.Study setting and participantsThis study was conducted in the obstetrics and gynaecology department of a tertiary teaching hospital in the Eastern region of the Netherlands. It included interviews with 20 participants, including gynaecologists, obstetrics registrars and junior doctors currently practising in the department. Additionally, data from prior research conducted within the same department were incorporated, ensuring the maintenance of contextual consistency.ResultsFindings reveal a complex interplay between SDM’s benefits and challenges. Clinicians value SDM for upholding patient autonomy and enhancing medical practice, viewing it as valuable for medical decision-making. Decision aids are seen as advantageous in supporting treatment decisions. Challenges include compatibility issues between patient and clinician preferences, perceptions of SDM as time-consuming and difficult and limitations imposed by the rapid pace of healthcare and its swift decisions. Additionally, perceived complexity varies by situation, influenced by colleagues’ attitudes, with limited trialability and sparsely observed instances of SDM.ConclusionsClinicians’ decision to adopt or reject SDM is multifaceted, shaped by beliefs, cognitive processes and contextual challenges. Cognitive dissonance is critical as clinicians reconcile their existing practices with the adoption of SDM. Practical strategies such as practice assessments, open discussions about SDM’s utility and reflective practice through professional development initiatives empower clinicians to make the best informed decision to adopt or reject SDM.
Is screening for motor skill deficits in Tyrolean preschool children warranted and feasible? A protocol for a two-stage cross-sectional study
Authors: Scheiber Barbara , Spiegl Claudia , Plattner Jasmin , Monsberger Sabine , Federolf Peter 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionChildren with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) show deviations in motor development and motor skills in early childhood where the learning and execution of coordinated motor skills are below the level expected for their age. Early detection of DCD is critical to provide an opportunity for intervention and support, yet many cases remain undetected until school age. The study described aims to determine the warranty, feasibility and validity of a mobility screening in Tyrolean kindergartens and evaluate its potential benefit to enhance the motor development prospects of affected children.Methods and analysisThis research employs a two-stage cross-sectional approach with 6 months of follow-up assessments. The initial stage involves a playful mobility screening for all participating kindergarten children, followed by individual assessments for those displaying conspicuous motor skills. Motor skills will be evaluated using MobiScreen 4–6 and the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2. Prior to the screening, informed consent is obtained from kindergarten bodies and authorities, parents and the children themselves. Parents are provided with information sheets and questionnaires to assess their attitudes and their child’s eligibility. The study described aims to form a representative sample of kindergarten children, aged 4–6, in Tyrol. To target approximately 20–40 children with DCD for follow-up, the goal is to include 650 children, assuming an incidence of 3%–6%. For the follow-up, matching control groups will be formed and information about how identified motor deficits were addressed, including therapies or sports, will be gathered. Quantitative data will mainly be analysed descriptively, while feedback from kindergarten teachers regarding the practical implementation will be analysed using qualitative content analyses, according to Mayring.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the Research Committee for Scientific Ethical Questions (RCSEQ 3369/24). Findings will be disseminated through contributions, peer-reviewed journals, and conferences.
Description of subgroup reporting in clinical trials of chronic diseases: a meta-epidemiological study
Authors: Wei Lili , Butterly Elaine , Rodríguez Pérez Jesús , Chowdhury Avirup , Shemilt Richard , Hanlon Peter , McAllister David 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionIn trials, subgroup analyses are used to examine whether treatment effects differ by important patient characteristics. However, which subgroups are most commonly reported has not been comprehensively described.Design and settingsUsing a set of trials identified from the US clinical trials register (ClinicalTrials.gov), we describe every reported subgroup for a range of conditions and drug classes.MethodsWe obtained trial characteristics from ClinicalTrials.gov via the Aggregate Analysis of ClinicalTrials.gov database. We subsequently obtained all corresponding PubMed-indexed papers and screened these for subgroup reporting. Tables and text for reported subgroups were extracted and standardised using Medical Subject Headings and WHO Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical codes. Via logistic and Poisson regression models we identified independent predictors of result reporting (any vs none) and subgroup reporting (any vs none and counts). We then summarised subgroup reporting by index condition and presented all subgroups for all trials via a web-based interactive heatmap (https://ihwph-hehta.shinyapps.io/subgroup_reporting_app/).ResultsAmong 2235 eligible trials, 23% (524 trials) reported subgroups. Follow-up time (OR, 95%CI: 1.13, 1.04–1.24), enrolment (per 10-fold increment, 3.48, 2.25–5.47), trial starting year (1.07, 1.03–1.11) and specific index conditions (eg, hypercholesterolaemia, hypertension, taking asthma as the reference, OR ranged from 0.15 to 10.44), predicted reporting, sponsoring source and number of arms did not. Results were similar on modelling any result reporting (except number of arms, 1.42, 1.15–1.74) and the total number of subgroups. Age (51%), gender (45%), racial group (28%) were the most frequently reported subgroups. Characteristics related to the index condition (severity/duration/types etc) were frequently reported (eg, 69% of myocardial infarction trials reported on its severity/duration/types). However, reporting on comorbidity/frailty (five trials) and mental health (four trials) was rare.ConclusionOther than age, sex, race ethnicity or geographic location and characteristics related to the index condition, information on variation in treatment effects is sparse.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018048202.