bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolating the Role of Bevacizumab in Elderly Patients With Previously Untreated Nonsquamous Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Langer Corey J. , Socinski Mark A. , Patel Jyoti D. , Sandler Alan B. , Schiller Joan H. , Leon Larry , Hazard Sebastien J. , Ramalingam Suresh S. 
Published: January 2015

Background:
Patient-level data from 2 phase III studies in patients with previously untreated, advanced-stage, nonsquamous non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were pooled to examine outcomes with bevacizumab and chemotherapy based on age.

Methods:
Data from patients randomized to paclitaxel–carboplatin (PC)+bevacizumab in the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group 4599 (E4599) and PointBreak studies were pooled and compared with E4599 patients randomized to PC alone. Patients were grouped by age: below 65, 65 to 74, 70 to 74, below 75, and 75 years or above. A multivariable model was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using time-to-event outcomes. Adverse events (AEs) were assessed by age group in each study.

Results:
The PC+bevacizumab and PC arms comprised 901 and 444 patients, respectively. PC+bevacizumab was associated with significant increases in overall survival relative to PC in patients below 65 years (hazards ratio [HR], 0.75; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.62-0.89), 65 to 74 years (HR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.64-1.00), 70 to 74 years (HR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.48-0.96), and below 75 years (HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.68-0.89) but not in those aged 75 years or above (HR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.70-1.57). Increased incidence of grade ≥3 AEs was reported with PC+bevacizumab versus PC in patients below 75 years (63% vs. 48%; P<0.05) and 75 years or above (81% vs. 56%; P <0.05) in E4599.

Conclusions:
This analysis suggests that the survival benefits associated with PC+bevacizumab extend to patient subgroups below 75 years with advanced-stage NSCLC; no benefit, however, was observed for bevacizumab-eligible patients who were 75 years or above.
Value of an Additional Review for Eosinophil Quantification in Esophageal Biopsies
Authors: Stucke Emily M. , Clarridge Katherine E. , Collins Margaret H. , Henderson Carol J. , Martin Lisa J. , Rothenberg Marc E. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTEosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) requires a peak count of 15 eosinophils per high‐power field (hpf). Herein, the peak eosinophil count specified by a pathologist was compared with the second review of a research assistant. Of 477 biopsies, 106 had a peak count between 1 and 14 eosinophils/hpf cited in the pathology report, and 23/106 (22%) had ≥15 eosinophils/hpf on second review. The pathology report detected potential EoE with 99% specificity, but 80% sensitivity. As such, an additional review of esophageal biopsies yields higher eosinophil counts in ∼5% of cases. We propose that biopsies with a count between 1 and 14 eosinophils/hpf require further investigation because ∼22% may yield a potential EoE diagnosis.
Recruitment of PLANT U-BOX13 and the PI4Kβ1/β2 Phosphatidylinositol-4 Kinases by the Small GTPase RabA4B Plays Important Roles during Salicylic Acid-Mediated Plant Defense Signaling in Arabidopsis
Authors: Antignani Vincenzo , Klocko Amy L. , Bak Gwangbae , Chandrasekaran Suma D. , Dunivin Taylor , Nielsen Erik 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Protection against microbial pathogens involves the activation of cellular immune responses in eukaryotes, and this cellular immunity likely involves changes in subcellular membrane trafficking. In eukaryotes, members of the Rab GTPase family of small monomeric regulatory GTPases play prominent roles in the regulation of membrane trafficking. We previously showed that RabA4B is recruited to vesicles that emerge from trans-Golgi network (TGN) compartments and regulates polarized membrane trafficking in plant cells. As part of this regulation, RabA4B recruits the closely related phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase (PI4K) PI4Kβ1 and PI4Kβ2 lipid kinases. Here, we identify a second Arabidopsis thaliana RabA4B-interacting protein, PLANT U-BOX13 (PUB13), which has recently been identified to play important roles in salicylic acid (SA)-mediated defense signaling. We show that PUB13 interacts with RabA4B through N-terminal domains and with phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI-4P) through a C-terminal armadillo domain. Furthermore, we demonstrate that a functional fluorescent PUB13 fusion protein (YFP-PUB13) localizes to TGN and Golgi compartments and that PUB13, PI4Kβ1, and PI4Kβ2 are negative regulators of SA-mediated induction of pathogenesis-related gene expression. Taken together, these results highlight a role for RabA4B and PI-4P in SA-dependent defense responses.
How shopping orientation influences the effectiveness of monetary and nonmonetary promotions
Authors: Büttner Oliver B. , Florack Arnd , Göritz Anja S. 
Published: January 2015

Purpose– This research aims to examine whether shopping orientation (experiential vs task-focused) influences how consumers react toward nonmonetary and monetary promotions. It was predicted that promotions are more effective if the promotional benefits are congruent with consumers’ shopping orientation. Moreover, consumers’ financial budget was assumed to moderate the influence of shopping orientation on promotion effectiveness.Design/methodology/approach– The hypotheses were tested in three experiments. Study 1 used a measure of shopping orientation as a consumer disposition and examined its influence on promotion attractiveness. Two further studies used an experimental manipulation of shopping orientation and examined its influence on promotions attractiveness and retailer choice.Findings– The results supported the hypotheses. Task-focused shoppers evaluated monetary promotions as more attractive than nonmonetary promotions. Experiential shoppers evaluated both types of promotions as comparably attractive. Furthermore, experiential shoppers were more likely than task-focused shoppers to choose a retailer offering a nonmonetary promotion over a retailer offering a monetary promotion. Low financial budget, however, reduced the influence of shopping orientation on retailer choice.Originality/value– To effectively use promotions as a tool, marketers and retailers need to know when and how to use them, as well as understand which type of promotion is the most effective. This research implies that retailers will benefit from customizing promotions to fit consumers’ shopping orientations. Furthermore, the findings show that the advantage of such a tailored approach is reduced if consumers’ financial budget is limited.
Consonants in brand names influence brand gender perceptions
Authors: Guevremont Amelie , Grohmann Bianca 
Published: January 2015

Purpose
– This paper examines to what extent consonants in brand names influence consumers’ perceptions of feminine and masculine brand personality.

Design/methodology/approach
– Four experiments empirically test the influence of consonants on feminine and masculine brand personality. The experiments involve different sets of new brand names, variations regarding the consonants tested (the stops k and t, the fricatives f and s), as well as different locations of the focal consonant in the brand name.

Findings
– Consonants influence consumers’ brand perceptions: brand masculinity is enhanced by stops (rather than fricatives), and brand femininity is enhanced by fricatives (rather than stops). Consonants specifically affect feminine and masculine brand personality, but not other brand personality dimensions. Consumers’ responses to brand names and resulting brand gender perceptions (i.e. likelihood to recommend) were moderated by salience of masculinity or femininity as a desirable brand attribute.

Practical implications
– This research has implications for brand name selection: consonants are effective in creating a specifically masculine or a feminine brand personality.

Originality/value
– This research is the first to specifically link consonants and feminine/masculine brand personality. By specifically examining consonants, this research extends the marketing literature on sound symbolism that is characterized by a focus on vowels effects. This research is also the first to address whether the position of the focal phoneme in the brand name matters.
Consumer knowledge discrimination
Authors: Pillai Kishore Gopalakrishna , Brusco Michael , Goldsmith Ronald , Hofacker Charles 
Published: January 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to introduce knowledge discrimination to consumer research. It also examines the antecedent effects of objective knowledge and confidence in knowledge on consumer knowledge discrimination. Research in psychology has sought to distinguish between calibration and discrimination, two related skills in probabilistic judgments. Though consumer research has sought to examine knowledge calibration, the construct of knowledge discrimination has not attracted any attention.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper reports on three studies which use a cross-sectional design using a structured questionnaire. The hypotheses are tested using regression. In addition, the paper also reports the results of an experimental study.

Findings
– The paper finds that the objective knowledge has a positive effect on discrimination. But confidence in knowledge does not have a consistent effect on discrimination. The paper also finds that feedback improves discrimination.

Research limitations/implications
– The study adds a new dimension to the examination of metaknowledge and metacognitions in the consumer domain.

Practical implications
– The study suggests some ways in which companies/government agencies can improve consumer knowledge discrimination.

Social implications
– Knowledge discrimination is expected to reduce consumer vulnerability and enhance consumer competence.

Originality/value
– This is the first study to examine knowledge discrimination in the consumer domain. Prior research has observed that there could be a trade-off between calibration and discrimination. Hence, the study of knowledge discrimination can inform the study of knowledge calibration.
The effect of brand design on brand gender perceptions and brand preference
Authors: Lieven Theo , Grohmann Bianca , Herrmann Andreas , Landwehr Jan R. , van Tilburg Miriam 
Published: January 2015

Purpose– This research aims to examine the impact of brand design elements (logo shape, brand name, type font and color) on brand masculinity and femininity perceptions, consumer preferences and brand equity.Design/methodology/approach– This research empirically tests the relation between brand design elements, brand masculinity and femininity and brand preferences/equity in four studies involving fictitious and real brands.Findings– Brand design elements consistently influenced brand masculinity and femininity perceptions. These, in turn, significantly related to consumer preferences and brand equity. Brand masculinity and femininity perceptions successfully predicted brand equity above and beyond other brand personality dimensions.Research limitations/implications– Although this research used a wide range of brand design elements, the interactive effects of various design elements warrant further research.Practical implications– This research demonstrates how markers of masculinity and femininity that are discussed in the evolutionary psychology literature can be applied to the brand design of new and existing brands.Originality/value– This research considers the impact of multiple brand design elements (logo shape, brand name, type font and color) and involves a wide range of brands and product categories.
Mandatory use of technology-based self-service: does expertise help or hurt?
Authors: Reinders Machiel J. , Frambach Ruud , Kleijnen Mirella 
Published: January 2015

Purpose
– This study aims to investigate the effects of two types of expertise (self-service technology and service type) on the disconfirmation of customers’ expectations and the use-related outcomes of technology-based self-service (TBSS).

Design/methodology/approach
– This empirical study pertains to the mandatory use of a national public transport chip card in The Netherlands based on a sample of 267 users of this TBSS.

Findings
– The findings show that technology experts experienced a less positive disconfirmation of expectations and reported less positive evaluations of the new self-service than technology novices. Technology experts also showed lower intentions to engage in positive word-of-mouth than technology novices. The evaluation of the self-service by technology novices is more positive for those that are service experts as compared to service novices, while the evaluation by technology experts is more negative for those that are service experts as compared to service novices.

Research limitations/implications
– This study provides insight into how different types and levels of customer expertise affect individuals’ assessments of a TBSS upon its mandatory use.

Practical implications
– For marketing managers and public policy-makers, understanding the multifaceted role of customer expertise enables more effective market segmentation and targeting, thus improving implementation of TBSS.

Originality/value
– This research suggests that customers’ technology and service expertise have some counter-intuitive effects on TBSS use-related outcomes.
Raising capital by issuing transferable membership in a consumer cooperative
Authors: Mikami Kazuhiko 
Published: January 2015

Purpose
– It is generally recognized that consumer cooperatives are at a disadvantage when raising capital as compared to conventional capitalist firms. The purpose of this paper is to explore a method for consumer cooperatives to issue transferable membership shares as financial securities and raise non-redeemable equity. The author examines if such a method can strengthen the financial viability of consumer cooperatives in the market economy.

Design/methodology/approach
– The author first explain the mechanism by using diagrams of the circular flow of factors of production and the product. The author then developed a simple formal model and compare the amount of equity capital raised by a capitalist firm and a consumer cooperative.

Findings
– The author found that the amount of equity that a consumer cooperative can raise by issuing shares of membership is greater than the amount of equity that a capitalist firm can raise by issuing shares of stock.

Research limitations/implications
– More research effort is required to apply the theory discussed in this paper for practical use.

Social implications
– Consumer cooperatives have many good features that conventional capitalist firms do not have. However, the scale and scope of consumer cooperatives have been quite limited partly because of the problem of finance. The method presented in this paper is expected to improve the financial viability of consumer cooperatives and promotes their activities in the market economy.

Originality/value
– This paper regards the membership of a consumer cooperative as a kind of financial security and as a tool for procuring capital for investment. As far as the author knows, the present paper is the first one that presents such a concept.
Who are the victims of property crime in Mexico?
Authors: Martinez Jose Navarro , Cortez-Yactayo Willy Walter 
Published: January 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the impact of social exposure activities, risk awareness measures, individual and family characteristics and the socioeconomic environment where the individual resides on the probability of property crime victimization.Design/methodology/approach– A state preference model of crime is employed using victimization surveys data for several years complemented with municipality level data from population census. Logit regressions for the probability of victimization are run for males and females separately and using different specifications.Findings– Regression estimates show that self-protection measures do not offset significantly the probability of victimization and that the likelihood of repeat victimization is highly significant. The most likely victims of property crime in Mexico do not live in highly marginalized communities. Finally, the covariates related to income are stronger predictors of victimization than the level of social exposure.Research limitations/implications– Further research is needed that considers other types of crime and complements the victimization data with police resources data.Social implications– This paper helps to obtain a better understanding of property crime in Mexico and its victims. The main results can help policy makers to allocate scarce resources more efficiently and design more efficient measures to fight property crime in Mexico.Originality/value– The data set used combines individual and family data from several victimization surveys and complements it with municipality level characteristics from population census. The analysis of victimization is made for the entire country and not for large cities only.
The rich or the poor: who gains from public education spending in Ghana?
Authors: Gaddah Mawuli , Munro Alistair , Quartey Peter 
Published: January 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine the incidence of public education subsidies in Ghana. Since the late 1990s, Ghana’s government has increasingly recognized human capital as key to alleviating poverty and income inequality, causing dramatic increases of government expenditures to the education sector. At the same time user fees have been introduced in higher education while basic education is being made progressively free. The question then is, whether these spending increases have been effective in reaching the poor and to what extent? What factors influence the poor’s participation in the public school system?

Design/methodology/approach
– The authors address the key issues by employing both the standard benefit incidence methods and the willingness-to-pay method.

Findings
– The results give a clear evidence of progressivity with consistent ordering: pre-schooling and primary schooling are the most progressive, followed by secondary, and then tertiary. Own price and income elasticities are higher for private schools than public schools and for secondary than basic schools.

Practical implications
– Given the liquidity constraints African governments face yet there is the need to improve the human capacity of the countries, this study offers solution to how to optimally allocate the educational budget.

Originality/value
– The use of policy simulations to ascertain the incidence of public spending on education is innovative as far as previous studies in Africa is concerned.
Selection of project delivery approach with unascertained model
Authors: Li Huimin , Qin Keli , Li Peng 
Published: January 2015

Purpose
– The construction project is implemented under uncertainty environment, and the product of construction is very complex. Selecting a project delivery system/approach is a critical task, which determines the project schedule, quality and investment objectives. The purpose of this paper is to propose a decision-making model for the selection of project delivery system which is based on information entropy and unascertained measure model.

Design/methodology/approach
– A decision-making model based on information entropy and unascertained set is employed to select project delivery approach. In order to overcome the subjective evaluations from the experts, the theory of “entropy weight” is applied to modify the experts’ subjective weight. The multi-attribute unascertained measure decision making is fitted to deal with the uncertainty information for selection of project delivery system.

Findings
– The proposed methodology is more comprehensive compared with the previous work, especially in the uncertainty environment.

Research limitations/implications
– There is some further work that should be considered, such as how to deal with the imprecise and subjective information given by the experts; how to determine the weight of the experts’; finding a set of importance factors influencing the selection of a delivery system is a complex task to further research.

Practical implications
– The proposed method can help the construction owner to select a most fitted project delivery system of a construction project.

Originality/value
– A new approach to select project delivery approach is proposed based on information entropy and unascertained set.
Vegetation structure is as important as climate for explaining ecosystem function acrossPatagonian rangelands
Authors: Gaitán Juan J. , Oliva Gabriel E. , Bran Donaldo E. , Maestre Fernando T. , Aguiar Martín R. , Jobbágy Esteban G. , Buono Gustavo G. , Ferrante Daniela , Nakamatsu Viviana B. , Ciari Georgina , Salomone Jorge M. , Massara Virginia 
Published: January 2015

SummaryDrylands cover about 41% ofEarth's land surface, and 65% of their area supports domestic livestock that depends on the above‐ground net primary productivity (ANPP) of natural vegetation. Thus, understanding how biotic and abiotic factors controlANPPand related ecosystem functions can largely help to create more sustainable land‐use practices in rangelands, particularly in the context of ongoing global environmental change.We used 311 sites across a broad natural gradient in Patagonian rangelands to evaluate the relative importance of climate (temperature and precipitation) and vegetation structure (grass and shrub cover, species richness) as drivers ofANPP, precipitation‐use efficiency (PUE) and precipitation marginal response (PMR).Climatic variables explained 60%, 52% and 12% of the variation in grass cover, shrub cover and species richness, respectively. Shrub cover increased in areas with warmer, drier and winter rainfall climates, while the response observed for both grass cover and species richness was the opposite. Climate and vegetation structure explained 70%, 60% and 29% of the variation inANPP,PUEandPMR, respectively. These three variables increased with increasing vegetation cover, particularly grass cover. Species richness also increased withANPP,PUEandPMR.ANPPincreased, andPUEdecreased with increasing mean annual precipitation, whereasPMRincreased with the proportion of precipitation falling in spring–summer. Temperature had a strong negative effect onANPPandPUE, and a positive direct effect onPMR. Standardized total effects from structural equation modelling showed that vegetation structure and climate had similar strengths as drivers of ecosystem functioning. Grass cover had the highest total effect onANPP(0.58),PUE(0.55) andPMR(0.41). Among the climatic variables, mean annual precipitation had the strongest total effect onANPP(0.51) andPUE(−0.41), and the proportion of the precipitation falling in spring–summer was the most influential onPMR(0.36).Synthesis. Vegetation structure is as important as climate in shaping ecosystem functioning Patagonian rangelands. Maintaining and enhancing vegetation cover and species richness, particularly in grasses, could reduce the adverse effects of climate change on ecosystem functioning in these ecosystems.