bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling and Predicting the Biofilm Formation of Different Salmonella Strains
Authors: Karaca Başar , Buzrul Sencer , Tato Veli , Akçelik Nefise , Akçelik Mustafa 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBiofilm formations of 25 Salmonella strains belonging to 19 serotypes were monitored with respect to time at a constant temperature. Two (DMC8 and DMC73) out of 25 strains had low biofilm formation ability and were not included in the modeling study. One (SL1344) strain had awkward biofilm formation which could not be described by a mathematical model, whereas biofilm formation of three strains (DMC33, DMC85 and DMC93) could be described by an exponential model. The modified Gompertz equation with high adjusted determination coefficient (R2adj) and low mean square error values produced reasonable fits for the biofilm formation of 19 Salmonella strains. It was also possible to predict the biofilm formation of these strains at two different time values by use of the modified Gompertz equation. Although more studies should be carried out to evaluate different mathematical models under both iso‐ and nonisothermal conditions, this study reveals that describing and predicting the biofilm formation could be possible.Practical ApplicationMany Salmonella strains are capable of adhering and forming biofilm on certain surfaces. Biofilm formed in food processing environments may lead to food spoilage or transmission of diseases. Therefore, it is of vital importance to understand the formation of biofilm on different surfaces. It could be possible to describe and predict the biofilm formation with respect to time by using common modeling techniques.
OWNERSHIP CONCENTRATION AND FIRM PERFORMANCE IN EMERGING MARKETS: A META‐ANALYSIS
Authors: Wang Kun , Shailer Greg 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe literature concerned with relations between ownership concentration and corporate performance in emerging markets presents conflicting theoretical predications and inconclusive empirical results. We use meta‐analytical techniques to integrate the diverse empirical findings and investigate factors contribute to the inconsistencies in the empirical evidence. Using 419 correlations collected from 42 primary studies of listed corporations in 18 emerging markets, heterogeneity tests show that only a small proportion of the variation in reported ownership concentration–performance relations can be attributed to sampling error. Our meta‐regressions reveal how population differences, researchers’ modeling choices, and inadequate treatment of endogeneity explain a large portion of the true heterogeneity. After adjusting for these effects, we find ownership concentration has negative relation with firm performance across countries. Our results emphasize the importance of model specification and methods of addressing endogeneity, and support further comparative study of the ownership concentration–corporate performance relation between countries with seemingly similar corporate governance environments.
Public health genomics and personalized prevention: lessons from the COGS project
Authors: Pashayan N. , Hall A. , Chowdhury S. , Dent T. , Pharoah P. D. P. , Burton H. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractUsing the principles of public health genomics, we examined the opportunities and challenges of implementing personalized prevention programmes for cancer at the population level. Our model‐based estimates indicate that polygenic risk stratification can potentially improve the effectiveness and cost‐effectiveness of screening programmes. However, compared with ‘one‐size‐fits‐all’ screening programmes, personalized screening adds further layers of complexity to the organization of screening services and raises ethical, legal and social challenges. Before polygenic inheritance is translated into population screening strategy, evidence from empirical research and engagement with and education of the public and the health professionals are needed.
Can Eye‐Tracking Techniques Overcome a Limitation of Conjoint Analysis? Case Study on Healthfulness Perception of Yogurt Labels
Authors: Vidal Leticia , Antúnez Lucía , Sapolinski Alejandra , Giménez Ana , Maiche Alejandro , Ares Gastón 
Published: October 2013

AbstractResults from conjoint analysis do not allow to conclude if a certain variable is not relevant for consumers or if it did not catch their attention. The incorporation of eye‐tracking to conjoint analysis seems to be a proper way to overcome this limitation. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the contribution of eye‐tracking techniques to the interpretation of results from conjoint analysis using a case study on consumers' healthfulness perception of yogurt labels. Sixteen yogurt labels (designed according to a full factorial design with four 2‐level factors – label background, fat content, sugar content and traffic light system –) were presented to 51 consumers, who were asked to rate their healthfulness. Participants' eye movements when evaluating the labels were recorded using an eye tracker.Fat content was the only variable that significantly affected perceived healthfulness. Eye tracking provided an insight on how consumers visually processed the labels and allowed to conclude that consumers visually processed all the information responsible for differences among labels.Practical ApplicationsLabeling plays a key role in attracting consumers' attention and providing information that influence consumer expectations and purchase intention. Before engaging in perceptual analyses consumers have to pay attention to specific aspects of the labels. Therefore, studying attentional capture and determining which information consumers rely on for evaluating different aspects of the products is crucial for label design. The combination of conjoint analysis and eye‐tracking techniques can improve the interpretation of results, allowing to conclude if a design variable has a low relative importance because consumers do not consider it relevant or because they did not pay attention to it.
A Practical Guideline for Discrimination Testing Combining both the Proportion of Discriminators and Thurstonian Approaches
Authors: Worch Thierry , Delcher Raymond 
Published: October 2013

AbstractDiscrimination tests are sensory methodologies that are often used to determine whether differences between two products are sufficiently large to be perceived by assessors. Two common approaches are often used to analyze discrimination test results: the guessing model and the Thurstonian model. The guessing model is known for requiring only simple calculation and being easy to understand and interpret. However, the guessing model is method‐specific and it cannot explain the Gridgeman paradox. The Thurstonian model is recognized for returning more rigorous results as it integrates the decision rules used by the assessors in each protocol (hence, it is not method‐specific) but is more difficult to interpret and communicate because the resulting d′ value is a perceptual signal‐to‐noise ratio.As both approaches are based on fundamentally different assumptions, users tend to consider either one or the other approach for the analysis. However, as both approaches use the same information as input (i.e., the proportion of correct answers PC), a connection between the two approaches can be easily made. By doing so, we can take the best of both worlds and provide guidelines for a powerful and easily interpretable approach. This new approach is presented as a possible alternative solution within a detailed guideline on how to run discrimination tests.Practical ApplicationsDiscrimination tests (e.g., triangle test, tetrad, duo‐trio) are widespread in R&D departments of food companies. The success of these tests can be explained by the simplicity of the protocols, making the task quick to perform and easy to understand for assessors. However, although discrimination tests appear to be simple, setting up such tests and analyzing/interpreting the results is not easy in practice. Indeed, once you decide to use a discrimination test, you need first to answer several questions: which test should be preferably performed? Under which settings? Which analysis should be performed on the data?In the literature, although many articles related to discrimination tests are published, it is very difficult to find a clear and simple guideline that would assist users. With this article, we would like to propose one, which also includes a new analysis procedure that is powerful, stable across protocols and easy to interpret. This approach, combining both the Thurstonian and the guessing models, should be of first interest for users of the guessing model who are not willing to use the Thurstonian model.
Injection of Flavor Essences into Fruit Pieces: A New Approach for Exploring Consumer Preferences for Novel Flavors of Apple Fruit
Authors: Altisent Rosa , Jaeger Sara R. , Johnston Jason W. , Harker F. Roger 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe identification of flavor‐impact compounds and potential new flavors could be assessed by incorporation of naturally occurring volatiles into juices or pulps. However, juices and pulps are not realistic representations of whole fruit, as texture plays a dominant role in consumer perception of fruit quality and affects flavor release. For this reason, the possibility of injecting flavor essences directly into pieces of fruit was explored as a model system to study consumer perceptions and preferences for novel fruit flavors. Small volumes (1 μL) of flavor essences (“tropical,” “smoked salmon,” “chocolate” and “apple”) were injected into cubes of apple tissue. Fifty‐two consumers were asked how much they liked apples with these flavors before and after tasting. Liking, certainty of response and consumption intention were collected using a 9‐point category scale. The study demonstrated that the injection of essences into pieces of apple tissue was a useful model for exploring consumer preferences for novel flavors and provided a good indication of what it would be like eating a whole apple with that flavor.Practical ApplicationsTraditional breeding for perennial fruit crops requires investment over many years, with a substantial lag between the start of a crossing program and the delivery of a product into the marketplace. The current research highlights a new sensory approach that will contribute to the effectiveness of fruit breeding programs by providing clear targets for enhanced and novel flavors early in the product development cycle.
Stardust Interstellar Preliminary Examination III: Infrared spectroscopic analysis of interstellar dust candidates
Authors: Bechtel Hans A. , Flynn George J. , Allen Carlton , Anderson David , Ansari Asna , Bajt Saša , Bastien Ron K. , Bassim Nabil , Borg Janet , Brenker Frank E. , Bridges John , Brownlee Donald E. , Burchell Mark , Burghammer Manfred , Butterworth Anna L. , Changela Hitesh , Cloetens Peter , Davis Andrew M. , Doll Ryan , Floss Christine , Frank David R. , Gainsforth Zack , Grün Eberhard , Heck Philipp R. , Hillier Jon K. , Hoppe Peter , Hudson Bruce , Huth Joachim , Hvide Brit , Kearsley Anton , King Ashley J. , Lai Barry , Leitner Jan , Lemelle Laurence , Leroux Hugues , Leonard Ariel , Lettieri Robert , Marchant William , Nittler Larry R. , Ogliore Ryan , Ong Wei Ja , Postberg Frank , Price Mark C. , Sandford Scott A. , Tresseras Juan‐Angel Sans , Schmitz Sylvia , Schoonjans Tom , Silversmit Geert , Simionovici Alexandre S. , Solé Vicente A. , Srama Ralf , Stadermann Frank J. , Stephan Thomas , Sterken Veerle J. , Stodolna Julien , Stroud Rhonda M. , Sutton Steven , Trieloff Mario , Tsou Peter , Tsuchiyama Akira , Tyliszczak Tolek , Vekemans Bart , Vincze Laszlo , Von Korff Joshua , Westphal Andrew J. , Wordsworth Naomi , Zevin Daniel , Zolensky Michael E. ,   >30,000 Stardust@home dusters
Published: October 2013

AbstractUnder the auspices of the Stardust Interstellar Preliminary Examination, picokeystones extracted from the Stardust Interstellar Dust Collector were examined with synchrotron Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microscopy to establish whether they contained extraterrestrial organic material. The picokeystones were found to be contaminated with varying concentrations and speciation of organics in the native aerogel, which hindered the search for organics in the interstellar dust candidates. Furthermore, examination of the picokeystones prior to and post X‐ray microprobe analyses yielded evidence of beam damage in the form of organic deposition or modification, particularly with hard X‐ray synchrotron X‐ray fluorescence. From these results, it is clear that considerable care must be taken to interpret any organics that might be in interstellar dust particles. For the interstellar candidates examined thus far, however, there is no clear evidence of extraterrestrial organics associated with the track and/or terminal particles. However, we detected organic matter associated with the terminal particle in Track 37, likely a secondary impact from the Al‐deck of the sample return capsule, demonstrating the ability of synchrotron FTIR to detect organic matter in small particles within picokeystones from the Stardust interstellar dust collector.
Mixing relations of the howardite‐eucrite‐diogenite suite: A new statistical approach of independent component analysis for the Dawn mission
Authors: Usui Tomohiro , Iwamori Hikaru 
Published: October 2013

AbstractDawn has recently revealed that the surface of Vesta is heterogeneously covered by polymictic regoliths represented by mixtures of howardite, eucrite, and diogenite (HED) meteorites. Mixing relations of the HED suite are examined here using a new computational statistical approach of independent component analysis (ICA). We performed eight‐component ICA (Si, Ti, Al, Cr, Fe, Mn, Mg, and Ca) for 209 HED bulk‐rock compositions. The ICA results indicate that the HED bulk‐rock compositions can be reduced into three independent components (IC) and these IC vectors can reasonably explain compositional variation, petrographic observations, and the mixing relations of the HED suite. The IC‐1 vector represents a eucrite variation that extends from cumulate eucrite toward main‐group (MG) and incompatible‐element enriched eucrites. The IC‐2 vector represents a compositional variation of howardites that extends from diogenites to MG‐eucrites, indicating the well‐known two‐component mixing trend of diogenite and eucrite. The IC‐3 vector represents a compositional variation defined by diogenites and olivine‐bearing diogenites, suggesting mixing of olivine and orthopyroxene. Among the three ICs, the diogenite‐eucrite mixing trend IC‐2 is most statistically robust and dominates the compositional variations of the HED suite. Our ICA study further indicates that the combination of only three elements (Mg, Si, and Fe) approximates the eight‐component ICA model, and that the limited number of resolvable γ‐ray spectra obtained by the Dawn mission possibly discriminates olivine lithologies from the olivine‐free regolith breccias on the surface of Vesta.
The target gene of tae‐miR164, a novel NAC transcription factor from the NAM subfamily, negatively regulates resistance of wheat to stripe rust
Authors: Feng Hao , Duan Xiaoyuan , Zhang Qiong , Li Xiaorui , Wang Bing , Huang Lili , Wang Xiaojie , Kang Zhensheng 
Published: October 2013

SummarymicroRNA (miRNA) participates in various physiological and biochemical processes in plants by regulating corresponding target genes. NAC [NAM (no apical meristem), ATAF (Arabidopsis transcription activation factor) and CUC (cup‐shaped cotyledon)] transcription factors, usually as the targets of miR164, play important roles in the regulation of plant development and responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. In a previous study, the target gene of tae‐miR164 in wheat was sequenced through degradome sequencing. In this study, we isolated the full‐length cDNA of the candidate target gene, which is a NAC transcription factor gene in the NAM subfamily, and designated it as TaNAC21/22 after bioinformatics analysis. The interaction between TaNAC21/22 and tae‐miR164 was confirmed experimentally through co‐transformation of both genes in tobacco leaves. Transcript accumulation of TaNAC21/22 and tae‐miR164 showed contrasting divergent expression patterns in wheat response to Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst). TaNAC21/22 was confirmed to be located in the nucleus and could function as a transcriptional activator. Silencing of the individual gene showed that TaNAC21/22 negatively regulates resistance to stripe rust. These results indicate that the target of tae‐miR164, a novel NAC transcription factor from the NAM subfamily of wheat, plays an important role in regulating the resistance of host plants to stripe rust.
In vitro activity of the protegrin IB‐367 alone and in combination compared with conventional antifungal agents against dermatophytes
Authors: Simonetti Oriana , Silvestri Carmela , Arzeni Daniela , Cirioni Oscar , Kamysz Wojciech , Conte Irene , Staffolani Silvia , Orsetti Elena , Morciano Angela , Castelli Pamela , Scalise Alessandro , Kamysz Elzbieta , Offidani Anna Maria , Giacometti Andrea , Barchiesi Francesco 
Published: October 2013

SummaryThe occurrence of resistance or side effects in patients receiving antifungal agents leads to failure in the treatment of mycosis. The aim of this experimental study was to investigate the in vitro effects of IB‐367 alone and in combination with three standard antifungal drugs, fluconazole (FLU), itraconazole (ITRA) and terbinafine (TERB), against 20 clinical isolates of dermatophytes belonging to three species. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), minimal fungicidal concentrations (MFCs), synergy test, time‐kill curves, fungal biomass (FB) and hyphal damage using 2,3‐bis‐(2‐methoxy‐4‐nitro‐5‐sulfenylamino carbonil)‐2H‐tetrazolium hydroxide assay (XTT) were performed to study the efficacy of IB‐367. In this study, we observed that TERB and ITRA had MICs lower values for all the strains compared to IB‐367 and FLU. Synergy was found in 35%, 30% and 25% of IB‐367/FLU, IB‐367/ITRA and IB‐367/TERB interactions respectively. IB‐367 exerted a fungicidal activity against Trichophyton mentagrophytes, T. rubrum and Microsporum canis at concentrations starting from 1x MIC. At a concentration of 5x MIC, IB‐367 showed the highest rates of hyphae damage for M. canis 53% and T. mentagrophytes 50%; against the same isolates it caused a reduction of 1 log of the total viable count cell hyphae damage. We propose IB‐367 as a promising candidate for the future design of antifungal drugs.
Trade, Growth, Poverty, and Politics: Toward a Unified Theory
Authors: Gruber Lloyd 
Published: October 2013

This article takes the opportunity presented by the current global downturn to reassess the latest scholarly work on globalization's long‐term implications for economic and political development. Will the market inequities generated by trade and international interdependence systematically undermine the domestic redistributive systems on which poor, redistribution‐reliant citizens depend for their economic well‐being and continuing engagement with society? Or should we expect to find trade‐induced market inequality biasing political systems in exactly the opposite direction—toward more, not less, market‐correcting redistribution? To answer these discipline‐spanning questions with any degree of confidence, we will first need to develop a more theoretically integrated model of the mechanisms that link market inequality to nonmarket redistribution. Creating that model—and, to that end, unifying major theoretical strands within political science and economics—should be our first priority.Related Articles:
Luckhurst, Jonathan. 2012. “.” Politics & Policy 40 (): 740‐782. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2012.00387.x/abstract

Wood, Stephen P. 1999. “.” Southeastern Political Review 27 (): 265‐280. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.1999.tb00535.x/abstract

Kirshner, Orin. 2009. “.” Politics & Policy 37 (): 151‐176. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2008.00165.x/abstract
Related Media:Film Clips: . 2013. “” May 15. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R84XoIinBL8

2013. http://www.whypoverty.net/en/
Podcast: . 2013. “.” http://developmentdrums.org/
The Illinois Underground Storage Tank Fund: Tanks for Nothing
Authors: Musgrave Meagan 
Published: October 2013

At the expense of those who use petroleum in Illinois, the Underground Storage Tank (UST) Fund provides tank owners and operators with the financial support they need to remediate leaking UST sites. Little has been written on the sociodemographic factors that influence UST site remediation because most analysts characterize “open” tank sites (those in need of remediation) using only descriptive statistics. I examine how socioeconomic variables and the passage of time influence the distribution of open sites within Illinois and find that only time contributes to the likelihood that a site will remain open. This result suggests that reducing the reimbursement timeline for tank owners and operators should be considered as an effective strategy for increasing remediation rates, both within Illinois and throughout the United States.Related Articles
Neill, Katharine A., and John C. Morris. 2012. “.” Politics & Policy 40 (): 629‐656. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2012.00371.x/abstract

Pautz, Michelle C. 2009. “.” Politics & Policy 37 (): 1047‐1072. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2009.00210.x/abstract

Shrock, Peter. 2010. “.” Politics & Policy 38 (): 991‐1013. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2010.00261.x/abstract
Related Media
DeHaan, Patrick. 2012. “” CBS. August 7. http://chicago.cbslocal.com/2012/08/07/illinois‐gas‐prices‐now‐the‐highest‐in‐continental‐u‐s/

. 2008. . May. http://www.epa.state.il.us/land/lust/ust‐fund.html
Relative Losses and Economic Voting: Sociotropic Considerations or “Keeping up with the Joneses?”
Authors: Dettrey Bryan J. 
Published: October 2013

This article examines how pocketbook and sociotropic economic evaluations jointly affect economic voting behavior for those that have “fallen behind” in their personal financial conditions relative to aggregate economic performance. According to reference‐dependent and relative loss theories, those who have fallen behind should be less likely to support the incumbent president. Alternatively, attributing personal financial conditions to the incumbent is cognitively complex and can conflict with core values, and the sociotropic version of voting is typically stronger than the pocketbook version. These approaches are tested, and the results show that the sociotropic version of economic voting predominates even among those who have fallen behind. The results are robust to controls for nongovernmental sources of variation in personal financial conditions. These results have important implications for democratic accountability in an age of economic inequality.Related Articles
Stegmaier, Mary, and Michael S. Lewis‐Beck. 2009. “.” Politics & Policy 37 (): 769‐780. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2009.00197.x/abstract

Regens, James L., and Michael J. Scicchitano. 1985. “.” Southeastern Political Review 13 (): 183‐196. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.1985.tb00011.x/abstract

Lasley, Scott, and Mary Stegmaier. 2001. “.” Politics & Policy 29 (): 545‐567. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2001.tb00602.x/abstract
Related MediaFilm Clips:
Ariely, Dan. 2008. “.” http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=Xcw‐kXKDB3s

. 2013. “.” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_y7Xtwxd90I