bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The low oxygen, oxidative and osmotic stress responses synergistically act through the ethylene response factorVIIgenesRAP2.12,RAP2.2andRAP2.3
Authors: Papdi Csaba , Pérez‐Salamó Imma , Joseph Mary Prathiba , Giuntoli Beatrice , Bögre László , Koncz Csaba , Szabados László 
Published: April 2015

SummaryThe ethylene response factorVII(ERF‐VII) transcription factorRELATED TO APETALA2.12 (RAP2.12) was previously identified as an activator of theALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE1 promoter::luciferase(ADH1‐LUC) reporter gene. Here we show that overexpression ofRAP2.12 and its homologuesRAP2.2 andRAP2.3 sustainsABA‐mediated activation ofADH1and activates hypoxia marker genes under both anoxic and normoxic conditions. Inducible expression of all threeRAP2s conferred tolerance to anoxia, oxidative and osmotic stresses, and enhanced the sensitivity to abscisic acid (ABA). Consistently, therap2.12‐2 rap2.3‐1double mutant showed hypersensitivity to both submergence and osmotic stress. These findings suggest that the threeERF‐VII‐type transcription factors play roles in tolerance to multiple stresses that sequentially occur during and after submergence in Arabidopsis. Oxygen‐dependent degradation ofRAP2.12 was previously shown to be mediated by the N‐end rule pathway. During submergence theRAP2.12,RAP2.2 andRAP2.3 are stabilized and accumulates in the nucleus affecting the transcription of stress response genes. We conclude that the stabilizedRAP2 transcription factors can prolong theABA‐mediated activation of a subset of osmotic responsive genes (e.g.ADH1). We also show thatRAP2.12 protein level is affected by theREALLY INTERESTING GENE(RING) domain containingSEVEN IN ABSENTIAofArabidopsis thaliana2 (SINAT2). Silencing ofSINAT1/2 genes leads to enhancedRAP2.12 abundance independently of the presence or absence of its N‐terminal degron. Taken together, our results suggest thatRAP2.12 and its homologuesRAP2.2 andRAP2.3 act redundantly in multiple stress responses. Alternative protein degradation pathways may provide inputs to theRAP2 transcription factors for the distinct stresses.
Detection and partial characterization of antifungal bioactivity from the secretions of the medicinal maggot, Lucilia sericata
Authors: Evans Rhys , Dudley Ed , Nigam Yamni 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThe antibacterial properties of the excretions/secretions (ES) of the medicinal maggot, Lucilia sericata have long been known and the effectiveness of maggot debridement therapy in relation to the clearance of bacteria from the surface of wounds has been the source of much research over recent years. Less well known, however, are the antifungal properties of L. sericata ES. Here, we show by means of the colony forming unit assay and optical density assays, that L. sericata native ES possess significant antifungal properties and appears to possess a highly heat stable, freeze/thaw, and lyophilization resistant antifungal component. We also show that the antifungal activity present in the native ES consists of a number of antifungal components present in three fraction masses consisting of >10, 10–0.5, and <0.5 kDa, with the greatest level of activity being seen in the <0.5 kDa fraction.
Development of Integrated Library System: A Case Study of TRAMPIL Foundation ‘s Learning Center
Authors: Puspa Dewi Lily , Sugiarto Sugiarto , Febrico Bintoro Andy , Imam Raharjo Arlinah 
Published: April 2015

TRAMPIL Foundation is a social foundation that is engaged in the education field by providing learning facilities for public in Surabaya, especially for teachers or educators to improve their teaching quality. The Foundation established the learning centers are spread all over Indonesia to provide the learning facilities for people in the rural area. The learning center sets up the library and under supervises by the foundation in Surabaya. In this study, we will develop a system to integrate collection data of each learning center. This system is expected may help the librarian to manage and distribute the information of both physical and digital collections. This system is also able to help librarian for monitoring the system usage therefore that it can be used as an evaluation of the development of learning centers. The system is implemented in web technology using Yii framework. Based on a questionnaire given to the system stakeholders, 100% assess the software meets the library business’ needs and present accurate data. 100% of respondents measure the overall software is high.
Effect of Flame Angle Using Various Swirler Angle in Combustion Performance
Authors: Rahim Muhammad Roslan , Mohd Jaafar Mohammad Nazri 
Published: April 2015

The abbreviation N is commonly used as a reference to all oxides of nitrogen and the examples of oxides of nitrogen are NO, N and O. These emission gases mostly come from the combustions of fossil fuels and biofuels in industrial activities and also in road traffics globally. N as a pollutant deserves special attention because of its various issues on human’s health and environment. Some of these issues are global warming, acid rain, ozone layer depletion and photochemical smog. To address these issues, some studies are concentrating on the reduction of NO emission from the combustion process. This paper describes a study in the effects of swirling flow generated by using a radial swirler on flame characteristics that is related to the emission of NO. The radial swirlers used in this study have the angles of 40°, 50° and 60°. Diesel is used as a fuel in this study. The results show that all radial swirlers used have different effects on the flame characteristics. From all these radial swirlers, the one with an angle of 60° produces flame with high temperature, short flame length with blue colour and wide spread. The results also show a short time residence during combustion process that could reduce the formation of CO and N .
A Proposed Model to Enhance Crisis Management Capabilities of Electricity Production and Supply Companies in Pakistan
Authors: Haider Maqsood , Rasli Amran 
Published: April 2015

Crisis management (CM) is considered to be of growing importance in the management of utilities. A wealth of literature on crisis stresses on the need to enhance crisis management capabilities such as decision making, and leadership. Such capabilities are already in practice in the developed countries but have been mostly ignored in developing countries like Pakistan. Because of the neglect of the crisis management capabilities particularly in relation to utilities, Pakistan is facing acute shortage of electricity which is the life and blood of the industrial development in the country. Due to the electricity crisis, many of the industries have been forced to shut down and hundreds of thousands have become unemployed. The present study is an attempt to propose a framework that would help enhance the crisis management capabilities of the companies involved in electricity production and supply. A comprehensive review of literature has been carried out in order to propose a conceptual framework accordingly.
Application Of Digital Image Processing Technique In Monitoring LNAPL Migration In Double Porosity Soil Column
Authors: R Sa’ari , N. A. Rahman , H. N. Abdul Latif , Z. M. Yusof , S. K. Ngien , S.A Kamaruddin , M. Mustaffar , M. A. Hezmi 
Published: April 2015

This paper investigates the phenomenon of light non-aqueous phase liquid (LNAPL) migration in double porosity soil. Investigation on the migration of LNAPL in double porosity soil was performed on aggregated kaolin using the digital image analysis. The photographic technique was used to capture the migration of LNAPL in aggregated soil samples. The captured digital images were fed through an image processing code to convert them to the hue-saturation-intensity (HSI) format which were subsequently used to plot the 2D LNAPL migration behaviour. The results of Experiment 1 and 2 show that the LNAPL moved downward faster when the moisture content increased. Another observation was that the kaolin granules started to disintegrate at a water content of 35%. In conclusion, using image analysis technique has enabled the researchers to monitor and visualize the LNAPL migration in the double porosity soil columns based on HSI values. The contour plots of HSI intensity value has provide detailed and useful information for future research.
A Coplanar Waveguide Rectangular Dielectric Resonator Antenna (RDRA) for 4G Applications
Authors: Kamarudin Muhammad Ramlee , Roslan Siti Fairuz , Khalily Mohsen , Jamaluddin Mohd Haizal 
Published: April 2015

This paper presents the design of coplanar waveguide (CPW) rectangular dielectric resonator antenna (RDRA) with and without metallic strip, operating at 2.6 GHz for long term evolution (LTE) applications. The CPW RDRA without metallic strip produces impedance bandwidth of 51 %. Then, a metallic strip was added on top of the dielectric resonator (DR) in order to enhance the impedance bandwidth; thus give more flexibility for the system to cover more applications. A good agreement between simulation and measurement results, in terms of reflection coefficient magnitude and radiation pattern is presented. The simulated and measured impedance BWs for S11 < -6dB are 67 % (1.74-3.47 GHz) and 66 % (1.83-3.54 GHZ) respectively, with the gain of 3.12 dBi is obtained at 2.6 GHz. The mode excited for this antenna is TEy1δ1 mode.
Towards a New Framework for TPM Compliance Testing
Authors: Tharwat Elhagari Usama , Shanmugam Bharanidharan , Ab. Manan Jamalul-lail 
Published: April 2015

Trusted Computing Group (TCG) has proposed the Trusted Computing (TC) concept. Subsequently, TC becomes a common base for many new computing platforms, called Trusted Platform (TP) architecture (hardware and software) that, practically, has a built-in trusted hardware component mounted at the hardware layer and a corresponding trusted software component installed at the operating system level. The trusted hardware component is called Trusted Platform Module (TPM) whose specification has been issued by TCG group and it is implemented by the industry as a tamper-resistant integrated circuit. In practice, the security of an IT TPM-enabled system relies on the correctness of its mounted TPM. Thus, TPM testing is urgently needed to assist in building confidence of the users on the security functionality provided by the TPM. This paper presents the state of the art of the modelling methods being used in the TPM compliance testing as well as it demonstrates some of the important attacks against TPM. Finally, the paper proposes new framework criteria for TPM Testing that aim at increasing the quality of TPM testing.
Passive Aproaches for Detecting Image Tampering: A Review
Authors: Salman Hashem Fatma , Sulong Ghazali 
Published: April 2015

This paper defines the presently used methods and approaches in the domain of digital image forgery detection. A survey of a recent study is explored including an examination of the current techniques and passive approaches in detecting image tampering. This area of research is relatively new and only a few sources exist that directly relate to the detection of image forgeries. Passive, or blind, approaches for detecting image tampering are regarded as a new direction of research. In recent years, there has been significant work performed in this highly active area of research. Passive approaches do not depend on hidden data to detect image forgeries, but only utilize the statistics and/or content of the image in question to verify its genuineness. The specific types of forgery detection techniques are discussed below.
A Low Cost Method to Analyse Concentration of Carbon Monoxide (CO)
Authors: Ngah M. Amirudin , Ahmad Anita , Abdul Samad Adlina 
Published: April 2015

This paper presents the design and development of a Carbon Monoxide (CO) gas detector for vehicles. A gas sensor MQ7 was used to detect if there is any CO gas leakage in a vehicle. To develop a CO Smart Detector that operates systematically, Arduino Uno was used as a microcontroller to control the whole system. The gas detector would automatically alert the user inside the vehicles by triggering a warning using LED, buzzer and LCD display as indicators. An exhaust fan was also used to extract the polluted air from the vehicle. The colour, green, yellow or red would appear on the LED automatically when there is a certain level of CO concentration in the vehicle. Green LED is for safe condition and yellow LED and buzzer with beep sound will be turned on automatically in an alert condition. Finally, red LED with its continuous sound would come on when the MQ7 sensor detects a dangerous level of CO concentration in the vehicle. In addition to the buzzer with its continuous sound to alert users, a fan to extract the air from inside the vehicle could be turned on automatically or manually using a switch if the need arises.
Empirical Evaluation of Drivers’ Operating Speeds along Curvatures on Single Carriageway Roads
Authors: Che Puan Othman , Halim Shafini , Ibrahim Muttaka Na’iya 
Published: April 2015

Choice of vehicle’s speed is one of the most important factors for a driver for proper vehicle’s control and selecting a wrong speed results in loss of vehicle’s control; particularly in negotiating road curvatures. Many of such speed related errors could be attributed to inconsistencies in the road alignment, that surprise the driver as a result of sudden change in road characteristics leading to an excess critical speed, hence, losing the vehicle’s control. This inconsistency should be accounted for and controlled by the engineers. This study was carried out to evaluate the speeds of the drivers when negotiating various layouts of road bends, determination of possible factors affecting drivers’ operating speed and development of prediction models for operational 85th percentile driver’s speed. Speeds of over 4000 vehicles (light and heavy) were collected at 10 road curves of various designs using speed radar meter and video recording system. Speeds were measured at three different points along the curves; the entry, mid and exit points. Preliminary findings from this study revealed that there are some inconsistencies in the features of the existing road curves. The design of the existing curves used in this study can be regarded as fair as the change in the operating speed of light vehicles was found to be higher than 10 km/h; being the established lower limiting value. Likewise, the road curves could also be regarded to fall within a fair and poor design because the average change in operating speed exceeded the limiting value of 20 km/h when compared with the posted speed limit. However, more data would be required to improve the accuracy of the results.
Assessment of Bus Service-Quality using Passengers’ Perceptions
Authors: Minhans Anil , Shahid Shamsuddin , Hassan Sitti Asmah 
Published: April 2015

Public transport business has been facing quite a few serious challenges. Indeed, public transport operators need to be more heedful of the changing mobility needs and passengers’ perceptions regarding the delivery of bus transport services in order to keep it profitable. With the prevailing conditions of city buses, as they are, bus transport may not suit the needs of most passengers, especially car users. The aforementioned scenario provided the rationale to conduct this study in 5order to assess the satisfaction of users regarding bus services in three regions of Johor Bahru, Malaysia. A total of 225 samples was evaluated to form the level of satisfaction based on 7 main attributes of bus service-quality as reported by 3 income groups. The perception towards the bus service-quality were obtained and corresponding level-of-satisfaction were analysed. The variability between different user groups’ relative level-of-satisfaction with respect to bus quality attributes was examined using SPSS statistical software. The disputes and agreements between passengers were critically examined to obtain a final rating of service quality attributes. The results revealed that users are very disappointed with the punctuality of bus service and inability of the operators to provide a tentative timetable for the operation schedules. Passengers of public transport were satisfied with the number of days of operation and the available bus facilities. The study also indicated that the reliability provided by the operators is quite different from what passengers expect
An Overview of Gas Turbine Power in the People’s Republic of China
Authors: Auld Andrew J. 
Published: April 2015

Many people look upon the People’s Republic of China as an area of great potential for industrial gas turbines. This paper reviews the present status of gas turbines in place in China and also comments on manufacturing facilities planned and in place.
The author’s overview is based upon visits to a number of turbine plants on Mainland China and interviews with plant officials and engineering personnel.
Certification of Mechanical-Drive Gas Turbine Packages for Installation in Hazardous Locations
Authors: McMullen J. C. , Dundas R. 
Published: April 2015

It is becoming increasingly more difficult to obtain local jurisdictional approval for the installation of gas turbines in hazardous locations. This is occurring because of changes to codes and standards, the reluctance of inspectors to make judgments on special equipment, and the requirements for third party certifications in countries other than the country of manufacture.
The Gas Turbine Division of General Electric Company has initiated a program to review, upgrade, and certify its mechanical drive product line for installation in hazardous locations. The special requirements and problems of the program, as well as its implementation, are discussed.
Computer Systems: An Aid to the Development of Gas Turbine Engines
Authors: Schneider H. 
Published: April 2015

This paper presents a concept as to the stepwise extension of computer-systems application by KHD Luftfahrttechnik’s engineering departments engaged in gas turbine engine development.
A base line system is in used today and criteria have been established to expand this into an efficient engineering tool.
Discussed are the principle conditions and targets including items such as cost effectiveness, data communications between different departments, programming, personnel training as well as data analysis and requirements for soft and hardware.
A Gasturbine as Emergency Propulsion Unit in a Liquid Sulphur Tanker
Authors: Riemersma J. W. 
Published: April 2015

The liquid sulphertanker “Bearn” of the Societe Nationale Elf Aquitane was originally provided with one main propulsion engine. In view of the normal routes of the ship and the kind of cargo, the decision was taken not to rely on the diesel engine only but to convert the propulsion system into a CODOG (Combined Diesel Or Gasturbine) installation.
CODOG is not unknown, but mostly used on military or semi-military ships. These systems are designed for cruising on diesels for reasons of fuel economy and when higher power is needed the gasturbine is used. In this case the CODOG system is designed to ensure propulsion power in case of problems with the main engine. The problem with this installation was, that it had to be installed in an existing ship with very limited space available and no disturbance of the diesel engine propulsion system and ship’s construction was allowed.
Aircraft Usage and Effects on Engine Life
Authors: Montgomery J. F. , Sewall T. R. , Batka J. J. 
Published: April 2015

Factors which affect engine life include design practices, manufacturing processes, materials, engine installations, usage, and maintenance system practices. While engine life definition and management are dependent upon the development and organization of these factors, aircraft engine power usage is a major factor affecting engine life in field operations. This statement is based upon an improved understanding of engine usage as functions of aircraft characteristics and the nature of missions which are flown. Increasing amounts of data have been acquired in recent years that provide insights into the magnitude and variability of engine life for several aircraft systems.
This paper will compare aircraft usage and engine life relationships for representative aircraft systems. An outline of procedures used to evaluate engine usage and its effects shall also be presented.
Microprocessor Based Controller for Complex Turbine Systems
Authors: Trombley James , Mathias Walter M. , Curtis Craig 
Published: April 2015

The increasing complexity of control system requirements has led to the use of microprocessor based controllers on gas turbine systems. For this automotive turbine system, precise temperature controlled accelerations and modulating clutch spools demanded complex schedules and tight control of system non-linear behavior. The control system also monitors turbine performance and START/STOP requirements.
The control system hardware consists of a single string controller, fitted with auxiliary overspeed and temperature monitors. Eight proportional integral derivative (P ID) loops are run concurrently to control the fuel and clutch valves, as well as the schedules, logic and monitoring functions. The control functions are scheduled to run every 20 to 160 milliseconds, as a function of their bandwidth requirements.
System diagnostics are also provided, allowing rapid service of the system when shutdowns occur.
Penetration and Break-Up Behaviour of a Discrete Liquid Jet in a Cross Flowing Airstream: A Further Study
Authors: Hussein G. A. , Jasuja A. K. , Fletcher R. S. 
Published: April 2015

Penetration and break-up characteristics of a discrete liquid jet injected into a high velocity cross flowing airstream were examined as a basis of plain-jet airblast atomizer design. The first results of this program, detailed in (4), covered the effects of liquid jet/airstream velocities and the injection orifice diameter. The results presented here cover the effects of liquid viscosity (0.001 to 0.125 Ns/m2), liquid surface tension (0.027 to 0.074 N/m), liquid density (812 to 1830 Kg/m3), the liquid jet injection angle (30 to 90 degrees) and the orifice length-to-diameter ratio (5 to 14). These tests were carried out under normal atmospheric pressure and temperature conditions using still photography for penetration profile and a laser light scattering technique for mean dropsize determination. The experimental penetration data is shown to agree reasonably accurately, with the simple model developed before (see (4)). The analysis of the experimental mean dropsize data collected in this study leads to the development of the following correlation
SMD = 1.206 σ ℓ V a 2 0.6 d j o 0.4 + 0.072 μ ℓ 2 σ ℓ ρ ℓ 0.45 d j o 0.55
Aerodynamic Tests on Centrifugal Process Compressors: Influence of Diffusor Diameter Ratio, Axial Stage Pitch and Impeller Cut-Back
Authors: Lindner Peter 
Published: April 2015

Almost all process compressors manufactured today are built in accordance with the fixed geometry modular system.
It is not always possible to accurately predict the operational behaviour of a compressor particularly in such cases where a deviation from the standard solution is advisable or even necessary.
This paper describes and analyses by means of experimental measurements the influence of three different stage modifications (axial stage pitch, shortening of the vaneless annular diffusor, blading cut-back).
The results given here are directly related to engineering practice as they enable the design engineer to apply realistic efficiencies even for modified stages in the early planning stage.