bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of disparaging humor content on the funniness of political jokes
Authors: Braun Annegret , Preiser Siegfried 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe present study examines the extent to which the impression of funniness conveyed by political jokes is influenced by the disparaging contents of the jokes. Jokes directed against conservative politicians and jokes directed against left-wing politicians were judged by 152 participants of different ages and political orientations. As content predictors of joke judgment, measures of political orientation were collected, including conservatism, party preference and perceived likeability of conservative and left-wing politicians. Furthermore, the appreciation of different structures of humor was determined using the 3 WD humor test (Ruch 1995). The results of structural equation analyses provide evidence for a strong and substantial influence of political orientation on the preference of anti-left-wing jokes compared to anti-conservative jokes. The direction of this influence is in accordance with the predictions of the disparagement theories of humor. This study supports the impact of disparaging humor contents on the perceived funniness of political jokes.
Humor preference and the Autism Quotient in an undergraduate sample
Authors: Rawlings David 
Published: May 2015

AbstractMost previous studies relating autism and humor have compared responses to jokes or cartoons in autistic children and controls. The present study used the Humor Appreciation Measure (HAM, Rawlings 2008), which measures responses to hypothetical real life situations, as well as jokes; and employed the Autism-spectrum Quotient (AQ, Baron-Cohen et al. 1995), a self-report instrument which assumes that autism exists on a continuum. In an undergraduate sample (N = 126), substantial correlations were reported between the total AQ score and the “unpleasant/aversive” ratings of potentially humorous, non-violent situations involving other people and the self. Correlational and regression analysis indicated that the strongest relationships with humor variables involved the Attention Switching sub-scale. The overall importance of Attention Switching was further examined by correlating individual sub-scale items with relevant humor variables. It is argued that the correlation between humor and Attention Switching is dependent on participants' relative tendency to avoid situations associated with the novel or unpredictable.
Humor as character strength and its relation to life satisfaction and happiness in Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Samson Andrea C. , Antonelli Yovanni 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe goal of this study was to examine the importance of humor as character strength in individuals with Asperger's syndrome/High Functioning Autism (AS/HFA) and how it relates to life satisfaction and orientation to happiness. Thirty-three individuals with AS/HFA and 33 gender-, age- and education-matched typically developing (TD) participants filled out scales assessing character strengths (VIA-IS), life satisfaction (SWLS) and orientation to happiness (OTH). Profile analyses of the character strengths and character strengths factors revealed significant differences between the two groups. Humor was found to be the 8th highest out of 24 character strengths in TD, but was only at the 16th position in individuals with AS/HFA when the strengths are rank-ordered. In TD participants, humor is related to life of pleasure, life of engagement, life of meaning and life satisfaction. In individuals with AS/HFA, humor is only related to life of pleasure. This shows that 1) individuals with AS/HFA seem not to consider humor as one of their important strengths, which is in line with humor difficulties reported earlier and 2) humor does not seem to contribute to life satisfaction to the same degree as in TD controls.
Pulsed Power Network Based On Decentralized Intelligence For Reliable And Lowloss Electrical Power Distribution
Authors: Sugiyama Hisayoshi 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Pulsed power network is proposed for reliable and low loss electrical power distribution among various type of power sources and consumers. The proposed scheme is a derivative of power packet network so far investigated that has affinity with dispersion type power sources and has manageability of energy coloring in the process of power distribution. In addition to these advantages, the proposed scheme has system reliability and low loss property because of its intelligent operation performed by individual nodes and direct relaying by power routers. In the proposed scheme, power transmission is decomposed into a series of electrical pulses placed at specified power slots in continuous time frames that are synchronized over the network. The power slots are pre-reserved based on information exchanges among neighboring nodes following inherent algorithm of the proposed scheme. Because of this power slots reservation based on decentralized intelligence, power pulses are directly transmitted from various power sources to consumers with the least power dissipation even though a partial failure occurs in the network. The network operations with the proposed scheme is simulated to confirm the algorithms for the power slots reservation and to evaluate the power network capacity.
Multi-Soliton and Rational Solutions for the Extended Fifth-Order KdV Equation in Fluids
Authors: Meng Gao-Qing , Gao Yi-Tian , Zuo Da-Wei , Shen Yu-Jia , Sun Yu-Hao , Yu Xin 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Korteweg–de Vries (KdV)-type equations are used as approximate models governing weakly nonlinear long waves in fluids, where the first-order nonlinear and dispersive terms are retained and in balance. The retained second-order terms can result in the extended fifth-order KdV equation. Through the Darboux transformation (DT), multi-soliton solutions for the extended fifth-order KdV equation with coefficient constraints are constructed. Soliton propagation properties and interactions are studied: except for the velocity, the amplitude and width of the soliton are not influenced by the coefficient of the original equation; the amplitude, velocity, and wave shape of each soltion remain unchanged after the interaction. By virtue of the generalised DT and Taylor expansion of the solutions for the corresponding Lax pair, the first- and second-order rational solutions of the equation are obtained.
Factors affecting radiation exposure dose in nursing staff during 18F‐ fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography
Authors: Ito Kimiteru , Suzuki Maki , Yamazaki Aino , Suzuki Yoshiko , Yokokawa Naoki , Oosawa Tatsufumi , Tokumaru Aya M 
Published: May 2015

Factors affecting radiation exposure dose in nursing staff during 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography: Kimiteru Ito, et al. Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric HospitalObjectiveWe evaluated factors associated with increased radiation exposure dose in nursing staff who assisted patients with 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose (18F‐FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) examinations.MethodsThe Barthel Index and Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) score were obtained before PET/CT examinations in 193 patients (mean age ± SD, 77.7 ± 8.0 yr). Three nurses self‐measured their radiation exposure dose while assisting patients during each PET examination. Disturbance factors during PET examinations (use of a stretcher or wheelchair, use of lines or tubes connected to the patient, use of diapers or urethral catheterization, patient age)18F‐FDG injection dose, and previous PET/CT experience in the patients and outpatient or inpatient status were evaluated as factors possibly associated with increased radiation exposure. Principle component analysis, univariate analysis, and multivariate regression analysis were used for assessing associations between radiation exposure dose and factors.ResultsThe mean radiation exposure dose of the nursing staff was 6.07 ± 5.71 μSv per examination. Statistically significant factors associated with increased radiation exposure (<8 or ≥8 μSv/case) in the univariate analysis were the Barthel Index (<75 or ≥75), MMSE score (<22 or ≥22) of the patients, numbers of lines or tubes to the patient, use of a stretcher or wheelchair, and 18F‐FDG injection dose. Multivariate logistic regression modeling showed that the Barthel Index (<75 or ≥75) and MMSE score (<22 or ≥22) of the patients were significant factors in the final model.ConclusionsLower Barthel Indexes (lower ADL) and lower MMSE scores (lower cognitive function) were independent factors associated with increased radiation exposure dose in nursing staff assisting during 18F‐FDG PET/CT.
Comparing problem gamblers with moderate-risk gamblers in a sample of university students
Authors: Shen Yi , Kairouz Sylvia , Nadeau Louise , Robillard Chantal 
Published: May 2015

Background and aims
In an effort to provide further empirical evidence of meaningful differences, this study explores, in a student population, the distinctions in gambling behavioral patterns and specific associated problems of two levels of gambling severity by comparing problem gamblers (PG) and moderate-risk gamblers (MR) as defined by the score on the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI; MR: 3-7; PG: 8 and more).

Methods
The study sample included 2,139 undergraduate students (male = 800, mean age = 22.6) who completed the PGSI and questionnaires on associated problems.

Results
Results show that problem gamblers engage massively and more diversely in gambling activities, more often and in a greater variety of locations, than moderate-risk gamblers. In addition, important differences have been observed between moderate-risk and problem gamblers in terms of expenditures and accumulated debt. In regards to the associated problems, compared to moderate-risk gamblers, problem gamblers had an increased reported psychological distress, daily smoking, and possible alcohol dependence.

Discussion and Conclusions
The severity of gambling and associated problems found in problem gamblers is significantly different from moderate-risk gamblers, when examined in a student population, to reiterate caution against the amalgamation of these groups in future research.
Determinants of phubbing, which is the sum of many virtual addictions: A structural equation model
Authors: Karadağ Engin , Tosuntaş Şule Betül , Erzen Evren , Duru Pinar , Bostan Nalan , Şahin Berrak Mizrak , Çulha İlkay , Babadağ Burcu 
Published: May 2015

Background and aims
Phubbing can be described as an individual looking at his or her mobile phone during a conversation with other individuals, dealing with the mobile phone and escaping from interpersonal communication. In this research, determinants of phubbing behavior were investigated; in addition, the effects of gender, smart phone ownership and social media membership were tested as moderators.

Methods
To examine the cause–effect relations among the variables of the theoretical model, the research employs a correlational design. Participants were 409 university students who were selected via random sampling. Phubbing was obtained via the scales featuring mobile phone addiction, SMS addiction, internet addiction, social media addiction and game addiction. The obtained data were analyzed using a correlation analysis, multiple linear regression analysis and structural equation model.

Results
The results showed that the most important determinants of phubbing behavior are mobile phone, SMS, social media and internet addictions.

Discussion
Although the findings show that the highest correlation value explaining phubbing is a mobile phone addiction, the other correlation values reflect a dependency on the phone.

Conclusions
There is an increasing tendency towards mobile phone use, and this tendency prepares the basis of phubbing.
Are we overpathologizing everyday life? A tenable blueprint for behavioral addiction research
Authors: Billieux Joël , Schimmenti Adriano , Khazaal Yasser , Maurage Pierre , Heeren Alexandre 
Published: May 2015

Background
Behavioral addiction research has been particularly flourishing over the last two decades. However, recent publications have suggested that nearly all daily life activities might lead to a genuine addiction.

Methods and aim
In this article, we discuss how the use of atheoretical and confirmatory research approaches may result in the identification of an unlimited list of “new” behavioral addictions.

Results
Both methodological and theoretical shortcomings of these studies were discussed.

Conclusions
We suggested that studies overpathologizing daily life activities are likely to prompt a dismissive appraisal of behavioral addiction research. Consequently, we proposed several roadmaps for future research in the field, centrally highlighting the need for longer tenable behavioral addiction research that shifts from a mere criteria-based approach toward an approach focusing on the psychological processes involved.
High-Resolution Stratigraphy and Paleobiology of the Hartland Shale
Member
Authors: Sageman B. B. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The Hartland Shale Member of the Greenhorn Limestone is predominantly composed of finely laminated calcareous shale with high levels of organic carbon and low levels of fossil diversity and abundance, suggesting a Cretaceous epicontinental anoxic event. At Rock Canyon anticline the Hartland member is conformably underlain by the Lincoln Limestone Member and conformably overlain by the Bridge Creek Limestone Member of the Greenhorn Limestone. A detailed lithostratigraphic, geochemical and paleobiologic study of this interval has identified characteristic lithofacies and biofacies which subdivide the member into three units and suggests a cyclic pattern of oceanographic processes during Hartland deposition. An alternating transgressive pulse/stil1 stand model is proposed to account for these patterns of cyclic sedimentation and oxygen-deficient biofacies distribution.
Stratigraphy and Depositional Environments of the Bridge Creek Limestone
Member of the Greenhorn Limestone at Rock Canyon Anticline Near Pueblo,
Colorado
Authors: Elder William P. , Kirkland James I. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The Bridge Creek Limestone Member of the Greenhorn Formation records maximum eustatic rise of the Greenhorn Marine Cycle, and the maximum aerial extent reached by the Western Interior Seaway. Limestone-shale couplets reflecting Milankovitch-style climatic cycles, and abundant laterally persistent bentonites, within a highly refined biostratigraphic framework based primarily on rapidly evolving cosmopolitan molluscan taxa, allows the development of a very detailed system of event-isochron stratigraphy divided into intervals of 100,000 yr or less. The Bridge Creek Limestone Member can be divided into three informal subdivisions (lower, middle, and upper) based on overall lithologic characteristics and slope forming profile. These precisely correlate to the upper Hartland, Jetmore, and Pfeifer members in central Kansas and reflect changes in marine environments and sedimentation style corresponding to the periods just prior to, during, and after maximum transgression respectively. The development and preservation of cyclic sedimentation during deposition of the Bridge Creek Member is largely the result of slow rock accumulation rates of 0.5 to 1.0 cm/1000 years across the central Western Interior. The combination of widespread deposition, numerous chronostratigraphic marker-beds, and a highly refined regional and global biostratigraphy make the Bridge Creek Limestone Member a magnificent natural laboratory for detailed ecologic, evolutionary, biogeographic, and oceanographic studies.
The Niobrara Transgressive Hemicyclothem in Central and Eastern
Colorado
Authors: Fisher Cynthia G. , Kauffman Erle G. , Wilhelm Laura Von Holdt 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The Niobrara Transgressive Hemicyclothem at Pueblo and to the south and west comprises four discrete lithostratigraphic members, separated by four and possibly five regional disconformities. The sequence disappears to the east and north as disconformities expand, anastomose, and become a single regional unconformity, bringing pelagic Fort Hays limestones, representing maximum transgression and eustatic rise, into erosional contact with maximum regressive shoreface sandstones (Codell) of the underlying Greenhorn Cyclothem. Eight molluscan biozones are defined within the complex Niobrara transgressive sequence in the Axial Basin. These biozones progressively disappear eastward within anastomosing disconformities. Near Pueblo only three molluscan biozones are recognized within the pre-Niobrara part of the cyclothem. A sequence of four foraminiferal biofacies are defined at Pueblo and along the Colorado Front Range which reflect rapid development of clear, warm, well circulated waters early in the transgressive history. These biofacies rise stratigraphically to the west, associated with eustatic rise in sealevel, and grade laterally along any time-line from diverse open water assemblages to environmentally stressed, less diverse, assemblages westward. This lateral gradation, and the rise of foraminiferal biofacies westward, is thought to reflect the westward migration of turbid watermasses associated with the active margin of the seaway during eustatic rise of the Niobrara Marine Cycle.
Whole-Rock, Insoluble Residue, and Clay Mineralogies of Marl, Chalk, and
Bentonite, Smoky Hill Shale Member, Niobrara Formation Near Pueblo,
Colorado—Depositional and Diagenetic Implications
Authors: Pollastro Richard M. , Martinez Carl J. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Whole-rock and clay mineralogies of chalk, shale, and bentonite from the Smoky Hill Shale Member, Niobrara Formation near Pueblo and Florence, Colorado have been compared to mineralogies of this member in the Denver basin. Carbonate and noncarbonate mineralogies of chalk and marl from both areas are similar; however, there is less variation in the relative abundance of each phase throughout the Pueblo section. Acid-insoluble residues of chalks and marls primarily consist of clay minerals (particularly mixed-layer illite/smectite (I/S), discrete illite, and kaolinite) and quartz. Minor amounts of feldspar, pyrite, dolomite, and chlorite clay are also common. Bentonite beds typically consist of &gt;90% clay minerals, about 5% quartz, and 5% feldspar. All bentonites were predominantly kaolinitic and crystal Iinity of kaolinite was var i abIe.
I/S clay from insoluble residues Is largely short-range ordered with an average composition of 65% illite layers and 35% smectite layers; some randomly interstratified I/S clay was also present in some samples. I/S clay from bentonite beds was randomly or short-range interstratified with compositions ranging from 30-60% illite layers. Some I/S clay In bentonites with 45-55% illite layers was defined as “transitionally” ordered; that is, the glycol-saturated clays showed characteristics of both random and short-range ordering. The percent illite layers and degree of ordering in I/S from bentonites along a 3 mile (5 km) continuous exposure of the Niobrara Formation at Pueblo, Colorado increased in a westward direction and downsection into the Florence basin, Indicating an increase in the extent of diagenetic reaction of I/S clay in this direction. The composition and degree of ordering of I/S clay in bentonites indicates that maximum pa Ieotemperatures were about 70°–100° C and, therefore, these rocks are marginally mature with respect to oil generation.
Particle-Size-Distribution Measurement Techniques and Their Relevance or Irrelevance to Wire-Wrap-Standalone-Screen Selection for Gradual-Formation-Failure Conditions
Authors: Zhang Ke , Chanpura Rajesh A. , Mondal Somnath , Wu Chu-Hsiang , Sharma Mukul M. , Ayoub Joseph A. , Parlar Mehmet 
Published: May 2015

Summary
Sand-particle-size distributions (PSDs) are used for various purposes in sand control: for example, decision making between various sand-control techniques and sizing of the filter media (sand screens and/or gravel packs) through either rule of thumb or physical experiments or theoretical models. PSDs of formation-sand samples are also often used to generate “simulated” formation sand for laboratory experiments. The two most commonly used techniques for PSD measurements are sieve and laser. Although some engineers use one technique for no obvious or justifiable reasons, others use both techniques for measurements and do not know what to do with the data when significant differences exist in PSDs obtained from each technique. Although the inherent limitations of (and the differences between), these two techniques as well as other factors affecting the measurements are well-known, a systematic study as to which of these two techniques is relevant to sand-control-screen selection and why is lacking.
In this study, we critically review the current practices in PSD determination and the use (and misuse) of the information obtained from these measurements, propose a methodology toward determining what is relevant under gradual-formation-failure conditions for wire-wrap screen, discuss when it should be used and why, and present initial experimental results that support our conclusions.
Arthroplasty in the Valgus Knee: Comparison and Discussion of Lateral vs Medial Parapatellar Approaches and Implant Selection
Authors: Rawal Jai , Devany Adam J , Jeffery James A 
Published: May 2015

Constrained implants are frequently used for primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in patients with moderate and severe genu-valgum (>10˚). This deformity presents corrective challenges for ligament release. The lateral-parapatellar approach has been advocated as an alternative to the traditional medial-parapatellar approach. Claimed advantages include better access for release of tight ligamentous structures, without requirement for release of the medial-collateral ligament.We present our comparative experience of the use of an unconstrained knee-replacement prosthesis inserted by the lateral-parapatellar approach in comparison to a constrained-knee prosthesis insertedviathe medial-parapatellar approach.49 primary total knee-replacements in 48 (6 males, 42 females) patients were performed; 32 through a lateral-parapatellar approach (group L) using an unconstrained-prosthesis and 17 through a medial-parapatellar approach more often requiring a constrained-prosthesis (group M). Mean preoperative valgus angle was 18.5 (range 11-34˚). Patient demographics (p=0.7) and valgus correctability were similar between the two groups.There was no significant difference in the mean post-operative valgus angle. This was 4.2˚ (range 1-9.5˚) using the lateral-parapatellar approach and 5.3˚ (range 0.3-10˚), p=0.12, using the medial-parapatellar approach.Transient common peroneal injury occurred in 2 patients, both group L, in the presence of valgus angles of greater than 20˚. To date no joints have been revised, or are unstable.The use of a lateral-parapatellar approach, appropriate soft tissue release, and an unconstrained PCL-preserving implant, yielded in all cases a stable, well aligned knee arthroplasty. This represents a viable alternative to the constrained-prosthesis using a medial-parapatellar approach in patients with moderate and severe genu-valgum.