bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Unique Helicate Comprised of Four Cytosine Nucleobases and Four Metal Entities (PtII, PtII, AuIII, AuI). Implications for the Interactions of Linearly Coordinated Metal Ions with ­Nucleotide Duplexes
Authors: Fusch Gerhard , Zangrando Ennio , Randaccio Lucio , Lippert Bernhard 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAbstract. Reaction of trans‐[Pt(CH3NH2)2(1‐MeC‐N3)2]X2 (1‐MeC = 1‐methylcytosine; X = NO3– or ClO4–) with Na[AuCl4] in strongly alkaline aqueous solution yields an asymmetrical double helicate containing two central PtII as well as AuIII and AuI atoms, four 1‐methylcytosinato bridges (1‐MeC–‐N3, N4), two terminal methylamine and two bridging methylamido ligands, [Au2Pt2(CH3NH2)2(CH3NH)2(1‐MeC–)4]Cl2·2H2O (2). The four 1‐MeC– ligands, which are pairwise oriented in head‐head fashion, are deprotonated at their N4 positions and cross‐linked by the gold ions. While one of the gold ions, AuI, adopts a linear coordination arrangement, the second, AuIII, is square‐planar and completes its coordination arrangement through two methylamido ligands, which behave as bridging species between AuIII and Pt. As a consequence of deprotonation of the original methylamine ligands, the nitrogen atoms of the CH3NH– bridges have become chiral. The four heavy metals form a diamond‐shaped plane, with an intramolecular AuIII···AuI distance of 3.053(4) Å. On the basis of the structure of cation 2 a new model is proposed how linear transition metal ions (M) might interact with (natural or artificial) nucleobases (L) within a double helix to produce compact M4L4 adducts.
Effect of Bolaform Counterions on the Adsorption of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfonate at the Air/Water Interface
Authors: Zhao Jianxi , Yang Duoping , You Yi 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe effect of quaternary ammonium‐based bolaform counterions (Bolan‐series where n is the number of carbon atoms between the heads) on the adsorption of sodium dodecyl sulfonate (SDDS) at the air/water interface has been studied using surface tension measurements. The results showed that the Bolan counterions strongly interacted with SDDS even at very low concentrations. This reduced the CMC and C20 in the presence of Bolan counterions. The SDDS packed more tightly at the interface under the inducement of Bolan counterions and thus the occupied area per surfactant molecule decreased. Another bolaform counterion series (Bolanph) with a benzene ring attached on each side of the quaternary ammonium heads could further enhance the interaction with SDDS. This is due to the fact that the attached aromatic rings penetrate into the gaps between the surfactant headgroups, which provide an additional association force besides the electrostatic attractions. The present results suggested an approach to construct gemini‐like surfactants depending on the electrostatic attraction between the bolaform counterions and the conventional ionic surfactants or an additional hydrophobic force made by the attached aromatic rings.
Dietary Supplementation of Calcium may Counteract Obesity in Mice Mediated by Changes in Plasma Fatty Acids
Authors: Laraichi Sarah , Parra Pilar , Zamanillo Rocío , El Amarti Ahmed , Palou Andreu , Serra Francisca 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe scope of this study was to assess the impact of calcium and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation on plasma fatty acid profiles and to evaluate potential synergistic effects of both compounds against dietary obesity. Mice separated into five experimental groups were followed: control (C), high‐fat diet (HF), HF with calcium (Ca), HF plus CLA and HF with both Ca and CLA. Plasma metabolites and fatty acids were determined by commercial kits and gas chromatography, respectively. Both dietary calcium and CLA supplementation contributed to lower body fat gain under a HF diet. Maximum efficacy was seen with calcium; no additional effect was associated with the combined treatment with CLA. Plasma leptin, adiponectin and HOMA index were in accordance with an altered glucose/insulin homeostasis in the HF and HF + CLA groups, whereas control levels were attained under Ca‐enriched diets. Plasma fatty acids showed minor changes associated to CLA treatment, but a high impact on PUFA was observed under Ca‐enriched diets. Our results show that the mechanism underlying the anti‐obesity effects of calcium supplementation is mediated mainly by changes in PUFA plasma profile. In addition, the lack of synergy on body weight reduction in combination with associated lipid profiles of calcium and CLA suggests that calcium may interfere with absorption and/or bioactivity of CLA, which can be of relevance when using CLA‐fortified dairy products against human obesity.
Effect of Metal Type on Partial Hydrogenation of Rapeseed Oil‐Derived FAME
Authors: Numwong Natthida , Luengnaruemitchai Apanee , Chollacoop Nuwong , Yoshimura Yuji 
Published: May 2013

AbstractSupported SiO2 catalysts were studied for the partial hydrogenation of rapeseed oil‐derived fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) for improving its oxidative stability. The effect of metal type: Pt, Pd, and Ni, on catalytic activity and cis–trans selectivity was investigated. Hydrogenation activity was studied in terms of turn over frequency (TOF) of C18:3, C18:2, C18:1, and C18:0 FAME. The highest TOF of C18:3, C18:2, and C18:1 was found for Pd catalyst. However, C18:0 TOF of Pt is higher than that of the Pd catalyst. The higher in C18:0 TOF can explain the low selectivity towards trans‐monounsaturated FAME of the Pt catalyst, which is due to the subsequent hydrogenation of the intermediate trans‐monounsaturated to saturated FAME. On the other hand, Ni showed the lowest TOFs when compared with the Pt and Pd catalysts.
Performance of Regular and Modified Canola and Soybean Oils in Rotational Frying
Authors: Przybylski Roman , Gruczynska Eliza , Aladedunye Felix 
Published: May 2013

AbstractCanola and soybean oils both regular and with modified fatty acid compositions by genetic modifications and hydrogenation were compared for frying performance. The frying was conducted at 185 ± 5 °C for up to 12 days where French fries, battered chicken and fish sticks were fried in succession. Modified canola oils, with reduced levels of linolenic acid, accumulated significantly lower amounts of polar components compared to the other tested oils. Canola oils generally displayed lower amounts of oligomers in their polar fraction. Higher rates of free fatty acids formation were observed for the hydrogenated oils compared to the other oils, with canola frying shortening showing the highest amount at the end of the frying period. The half‐life of tocopherols for both regular and modified soybean oils was 1–2 days compared to 6 days observed for high‐oleic low‐linolenic canola oil. The highest anisidine values were observed for soybean oil with the maximum reached on the 10th day of frying. Canola and soybean frying shortenings exhibited a faster rate of color formation at any of the frying times. The high‐oleic low‐linolenic canola oil exhibited the greatest frying stability as assessed by polar components, oligomers and non‐volatile carbonyl components formation. Moreover, food fried in the high‐oleic low‐linolenic canola oil obtained the best scores in the sensory acceptance assessment.
Optimal Disinfection Times for Needleless Intravenous Connectors
Authors: Smith Judy S. , Irwin Gwen , Viney Mary , Watkins Lynda , Morris Shonnie Pinno , Kirksey Kenn M. , Brown Adama 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Background: Elimination of catheter-related bloodstream infections is a major focus in health care. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Infusion Nurses Society, the optimal time for needleless connector disinfection has not yet been empirically established.
Methods: Using experimental design and established lab procedure, a 0.5 MacFarland suspension was used to inoculate 172 needleless connectors with bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and allowed to dry for 18 hours. Five groups of connectors (n = 27 per group) were disinfected using 70% isopropyl alcohol with friction for 5, 8, 10, 12, and 15 seconds, and flushed with 0.5 mL nonbacteriostatic sterile normal saline onto sheep-blood agar plates for incubation at 35° C for 48 hours. Bacterial growth (1 colony) was noted on 2 negative controls; therefore, a second sample (n = 172) was tested as above using additional precautions of masking, gloving, and gowning. A third group of connectors was tested using a 0.5 MacFarland suspension containing yeast (Candida albicans).
Results: Group 1 showed significant (χ24 = 37.93; P = .00) and strong (Cramér's V = 0.53; P = .00) associations between scrub time and growth status. Although not statistically significant, Groups 2 and 3 demonstrated clinically significant associations between these factors.
Conclusions: Although additional research is warranted, our study showed that disinfection times of 5 and 8 seconds were inadequate for reducing bacterial transfer. However, disinfection times of 10, 12, and 15 seconds resulted in comparable, decreased rates of bacterial migration.
Central Vascular Access Device Guidelines for Pediatric Home-Based Patients: Driving Best Practices
Authors: Kramer Nancy , Doellman Darcy , Curley Michelle , Wall Jill L. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Central vascular access device (CVAD) care for infants and children in home settings is challenging due to small catheter sizes, patient activity, and variation in care and maintenance practices. CVADs require detailed care to prevent complications and unnecessary line replacement. Guidelines that address CVAD care and maintenance for pediatric home-based patients do not exist. This article reviews evidence-based central venous catheter maintenance practices for pediatric home care patients.
Pediatric Central Venous Catheter Management: A Review of Current Practice
Authors: Davis Mary Beth Hovda 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Due to small vessel size, obtaining stable access in pediatric patients is difficult. In addition, because needle stick pain is a concern for patients with chronic illness, central venous catheters are often utilized to provide intravenous treatment. Catheter occlusion is a common complication in pediatric patients and must be addressed to salvage the catheter and ensure successful therapy. The use of fibrinolytics for occlusion treatment have been successful in pediatric populations.
Behind the Closed Door: A Guide and Parents' Comments on the Workings of the New South Wales Children's Court
Authors: Ainsworth Frank , Hansen Patricia 
Published: May 2013

The New South Wales Children's Court, like other state and territory Children's Courts, is a closed court. This means that the public cannot attend court hearings when care and protection matters are before the court. The exception is Victoria where even in the Family Division of the Children's Court that deals with care and protection matters an application has to be made to a magistrate for the court to be closed. This article is designed to take the reader behind the closed door and provide information about court processes and procedures as well as present parents' comments on the way in which the court works.In New South Wales there are seven specialist children's courts at Parramatta, Glebe (Bidura), Campbeltown, Newcastle (Broadmeadow), Wyong, Woy Woy and in the Illawarra (Port Kembla). In other places children's care matters are dealt with by local magistrates supported by specialist Children's Court magistrates from Parramatta who staff a country Children's Court circuit.Parents' views on these processes and procedures are troubling as many see the court as unfair in the way that decisions are made. The parents' views have been obtained, through interviews with parents over a number of years, as part of the authors' professional duties, as a Guardian ad Litem and solicitor in the New South Wales Children's Court.From this experience it is clear that many professional staff who have contact with parents involved in Children's Court matters are also unclear about the court processes, and as a result they are less able to support parents through this stressful process. This article aims to assist staff to understand the court processes so that they may in turn support parents.
Building Performance-Based Accountability With Limited Empirical Evidence: Performance Measurement for Public Health Preparedness
Authors: Shelton Shoshana R. , Nelson Christopher D. , McLees Anita W. , Mumford Karen , Thomas Craig 
Published: May 2013

AbstractEfforts to respond to performance-based accountability mandates for public health emergency preparedness have been hindered by a weak evidence base linking preparedness activities with response outcomes. We describe an approach to measure development that was successfully implemented in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Public Health Emergency Preparedness Cooperative Agreement. The approach leverages insights from process mapping and experts to guide measure selection, and provides mechanisms for reducing performance-irrelevant variation in measurement data. Also, issues are identified that need to be addressed to advance the science of measurement in public health emergency preparedness.
β-Carboline harmine reverses the effects induced by stress on behaviour and citrate synthase activity in the rat prefrontal cortex
Authors: Abelaira Helena Mendes , Réus Gislaine Zilli , Scaini Giselli , Streck Emilio Luiz , Crippa José Alexandre , Quevedo João 
Published: May 2013

ObjectivesThe present study was aimed at evaluating the effects of the administration of β-carboline harmine on behaviour and citrate synthase activity in the brain of rats exposed to chronic mild stress (CMS) procedure.MethodsTo this aim, after 40 days of exposure to CMS procedure, rats were treated with harmine (15 mg/kg/day) for 7 days, then memory, anhedonia and citrate synthase activity were assessed.ResultOur findings demonstrated that stressed rats treated with saline increased the sucrose intake, and the stressed rats treated with harmine reversed this effect. Neither stress nor harmine treatment altered memory performance in rats. In addition, chronic stressful situations induced increase in citrate synthase activity in the prefrontal cortex, but not in the hippocampus and striatum. Treatment with harmine reversed the increase in citrate synthase activity in the prefrontal cortex.ConclusionThese findings support the hypothesis that harmine could be involved in controlling the energy metabolism.
Effect of varying the concentrations of carbohydrate and milk protein in rehydration solutions ingested after exercise in the heat
Authors: James Lewis J. , Evans Gethin H. , Madin Joshua , Scott Darren , Stepney Michael , Harris Russell , Stone Robert , Clayton David J. 
Published: May 2013

The present study investigated the relationship between the milk protein content of a rehydration solution and fluid balance after exercise-induced dehydration. On three occasions, eight healthy males were dehydrated to an identical degree of body mass loss (BML, approximately 1·8 %) by intermittent cycling in the heat, rehydrating with 150 % of their BML over 1 h with either a 60 g/l carbohydrate solution (C), a 40 g/l carbohydrate, 20 g/l milk protein solution (CP20) or a 20 g/l carbohydrate, 40 g/l milk protein solution (CP40). Urine samples were collected pre-exercise, post-exercise, post-rehydration and for a further 4 h. Subjects produced less urine after ingesting the CP20 or CP40 drink compared with the C drink (P< 0·01), and at the end of the study, more of the CP20 (59 (sd 12) %) and CP40 (64 (sd 6) %) drinks had been retained compared with the C drink (46 (sd 9) %) (P< 0·01). At the end of the study, whole-body net fluid balance was more negative for trial C ( − 470 (sd 154) ml) compared with both trials CP20 ( − 181 (sd 280) ml) and CP40 ( − 107 (sd 126) ml) (P< 0·01). At 2 and 3 h after drink ingestion, urine osmolality was greater for trials CP20 and CP40 compared with trial C (P< 0·05). The present study further demonstrates that after exercise-induced dehydration, a carbohydrate–milk protein solution is better retained than a carbohydrate solution. The results also suggest that high concentrations of milk protein are not more beneficial in terms of fluid retention than low concentrations of milk protein following exercise-induced dehydration.
Socio-economic differences in food group and nutrient intakes among young women in Ireland
Authors: McCartney Daniel M. A. , Younger Katherine M. , Walsh Joanne , O'Neill Marie , Sheridan Claire , Kearney John M. 
Published: May 2013

The present study aimed to investigate socio-economic disparities in food and nutrient intakes among young Irish women. A total of 221 disadvantaged and seventy-four non-disadvantaged women aged 18–35 years were recruited. Diet was assessed using a diet history protocol. Of the total population, 153 disadvantaged and sixty-three non-disadvantaged women were classified as plausible dietary reporters. Food group intakes, nutrient intakes and dietary vitamin and mineral concentrations per MJ of energy consumed were compared between the disadvantaged and non-disadvantaged populations, as was compliance with dietary fibre, macronutrient and micronutrient intake guidelines. The disadvantaged women had lower intakes than the non-disadvantaged women of fruit, vegetables, fish, breakfast cereals, low-fat milk and wholemeal bread (allP< 0·001), yogurt (P= 0·001), low-fat spread (P= 0·002) and fresh meat (P= 0·003). They also had higher intakes of butter, processed red meats, white bread, sugar-sweetened beverages, fried potatoes and potato-based snacks (allP< 0·001) and full-fat milk (P= 0·014). Nutritionally, the disadvantaged women had higher fat, saturated fat and refined sugar intakes; lower dietary fibre, vitamin and mineral intakes; and lower dietary vitamin and mineral densities per MJ than their more advantaged peers. Non-achievement of carbohydrate (P= 0·017), fat (P< 0·001), saturated fat (P< 0·001), refined sugar (P< 0·001), folate (P= 0·050), vitamin C (P< 0·001), vitamin D (P= 0·047) and Ca (P= 0·019) recommendations was more prevalent among the disadvantaged women. Both groups showed poor compliance with Fe and Na guidelines. We conclude that the nutritional deficits present among these socially disadvantaged women are significant, but may be potentially ameliorated by targeted food-based interventions.
In vitro evaluation of the impact of human background microbiota on the response to Bifidobacterium strains and fructo-oligosaccharides
Authors: Arboleya Silvia , Salazar Nuria , Solís Gonzalo , Fernández Nuria , Gueimonde Miguel , de los Reyes-Gavilán Clara G. 
Published: May 2013

The microbial colonisation of the infant gut begins immediately after birth and is essential for the development of the intestine, the immune system and later well-being. Important differences have been reported in the characteristics of such microbiota in different infant population groups. In the present study, we employed an in vitro faecal batch culture model using faeces from different human population groups (adults and full-term breast-fed, full-term formula-fed and preterm infants) to determine the influence that the addition of four bifidobacterial strains and fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) exerts on the profile of SCFA measured by GC as well as on the levels of some relevant intestinal microbial groups by quantitative PCR during incubation. Differences were found in the levels of SCFA and intestinal microbial groups in the faecal cultures depending on the human group origin of the faecal samples (P< 0·05), this being a predominant factor, compared with bifidobacteria or FOS added, in determining microbiota dynamics. These results exhibit the importance of the initial characteristics of the basal intestinal microbiota in the effect exerted by bifidobacteria or FOS that are added and highlight the need to design probiotics targeting specific human population groups.
A First Look at Mutual Funds That Use Short Sales
Authors: Chen Honghui , Desai Hemang , Krishnamurthy Srinivasan 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWe provide a first look at short selling by mutual funds, a phenomenon not examined by prior research. Mutual funds that short do so frequently and in significant amounts, averaging about 16% of fund assets. These funds outperform benchmarks by 1.5% per year. An analysis of portfolio holdings shows that these funds generate abnormal performance from their short (4.1% per year) and long (1.5% per year) positions. Managers of short-selling mutual funds also exhibit superior performance in other funds they manage that do not use short sales. These findings suggest that managers of short-selling mutual funds are skilled.
Opisthorchis viverrini-like liver fluke in birds from Vietnam: morphological variability and rDNA/mtDNA sequence confirmation
Authors: Dao T.H. , Nguyen T.G. , Victor B. , Gabriël S. , Dorny P. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractFlukes were found in the bile ducts of domestic ducks (Anas platyrhynchos), necropsied in the Binh Dinh province of Central Vietnam. Following staining, morphological characteristics of the bird flukes were compatible with Opisthorchis viverrini, although some characteristics differed from those described in specimens collected from mammal hosts. Computation of the phylogenetic trees on the partial sequences of the second internal ribosomal spacer (ITS2) of the ribosomal DNA and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) markers of the mitochondrial DNA showed close similarity of the ‘bird’ Opisthorchis sp. with O. viverrini. We speculate that these bird flukes are O. viverrini that show intraspecies morphological and molecular variability compared to isolates from mammals. This demonstrates the complex epidemiological situation of opisthorchiasis in Vietnam and urges investigations on the potential of birds as a reservoir host of this zoonotic fluke.
Major Determinants of Uyghur Ethnic Consciousness in Ürümchi
Authors: ZANG XIAOWEI 
Published: May 2013

AbstractRising Uyghur ethnic consciousness in the post-1978 era is believed to cause tense Uyghur-Han relations and conflicts in Xinjiang. There are different accounts linking rising Uyghur consciousness with variables such as Han migration into Xinjiang, ethnic inequalities, Uyghur language, and Islamic religiosity. Yet there is no concrete effort to summarize, elaborate, and verify these accounts. Nor is there a quantitative study of the levels of Uyghur ethnic consciousness in Xinjiang. Using data from a survey (N = 799) conducted in Ürümchi in 2007, this paper shows a high level of ethnic consciousness among Uyghurs. It also shows that Uyghur consciousness is based more on cultural and psychological properties than on instrumental sentiments.
A Candide response to Panglossian accusations by Randolph and Dobson: biodiversity buffers disease
Authors: OSTFELD RICHARD S. 
Published: May 2013

SUMMARYRandolph and Dobson (2012) criticize the dilution effect, which describes the negative relationship between biodiversity and infectious disease risk. Unfortunately, their commentary includes distortions, errors of omission, and errors of commission, which are rebutted herein. Contrary to their claims, the dilution effect is not a ‘mantra’ that asserts that reduced disease risk is a ‘universal’ outcome of high diversity. Although universality of the dilution effect has not been claimed, and conditions under which diversity can amplify disease risk have been described, the growing literature indicates that the dilution effect is indeed a widespread phenomenon.