bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of small‐scale fluvial architecture on CO2 trapping processes in deep brine reservoirs
Authors: Gershenzon Naum I. , Ritzi Robert W. , Dominic David F. , Soltanian Mohamadreza , Mehnert Edward , Okwen Roland T. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA number of important candidate CO2 reservoirs exhibit sedimentary architecture reflecting fluvial deposition. Recent studies have led to new conceptual and quantitative models for sedimentary architecture in fluvial deposits over a range of scales that are relevant to CO2 injection and storage. We used a geocellular modeling approach to represent this multiscaled and hierarchical sedimentary architecture. With this model, we investigated the dynamics of CO2 plumes, during and after injection, in such reservoirs. The physical mechanism of CO2 trapping by capillary trapping incorporates a number of related processes, i.e., residual trapping, trapping due to hysteresis of the relative permeability, and trapping due to hysteresis of the capillary pressure. Additionally, CO2 may be trapped due to differences in capillary entry pressure for different textural sedimentary facies (e.g., coarser‐grained versus finer‐grained cross sets). The amount of CO2 trapped by these processes depends upon a complex system of nonlinear and hysteretic characteristic relationships including how relative permeability and capillary pressure vary with brine and CO2 saturation. The results strongly suggest that representing small‐scale features (decimeter to meter), including their organization within a hierarchy of larger‐scale features, and representing their differences in characteristic relationships can all be critical to understanding trapping processes in some important candidate CO2 reservoirs.
Lasers, Free‐electron
Authors: Pellegrini Claudio 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Following many years of theoretical and experimental work, short wavelength free‐electron lasers (X‐ray FELs), covering the wavelength region from tens of nanometer to 1 Å or less, have become a successful reality during the past decade. Four X‐ray FELs are now in operation in Europe, Japan, and the United States, and four more are being built. They have the unique capability of providing coherent X‐ray pulses that can explore matter at the angstrom–femtosecond space and timescales characteristics of atomic and molecular phenomena. Many scientists are using X‐ray FELs to explore the structure and dynamics of molecular systems of interest to physics, chemistry, biology, and for studies in material science and warm dense matter. In this article, we review the main characteristics of X‐ray FELs, their present status, and their future development.
Advances in Speckle Metrology
Authors: Joenathan Charles , Sirohi Rajpal Singh , Bernal Ashley 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe field of speckle metrology has seen a surge in development in the past 10 years owing to advancements in digital cameras and computing power. For instance, a variety of digital speckle correlation (DSC) processes can now be performed in almost real time and therefore speckle techniques has found applications in nondestructive testing (NDT), biology, and medicine. New techniques in terms of optical arrangements and in extracting phase data have been introduced for measuring out‐of‐plane and in‐plane motions in digital speckle interferometry (DSPI) and digital speckle shear interferometry (DSSPI). DSC, DSPI, and DSSPI have also been combined to extend the range of measurements. In addition, quantitative analysis in speckle interferometry has seen a plethora of new software developments for conducting real‐time, accurate, complicated, fast, and repeatable measurements with ease. In addition, different methods to process speckle fringes have made analysis equivalent to that of classical interferometry, yet can be applied to all types of real‐world specimen.
Compressive Sensing
Authors: Lakshminarayanan Vasudevan , Thapa Damber , Raahemifar Kaamran , Rabbani Hossein 
Published: September 2015

AbstractCompressive sensing (CS) is an emerging sampling theory, which reproduces signals from a much smaller set of samples than that required by the Nyquist‐Shannon criterion. Since its introduction in the mid‐2000s it has attracted considerable research interest and a number of CS‐based architectures have been proposed, built, and examined in the research labs. This article outlines the main theoretical concepts surrounding CS and also discusses some of its applications in the field of optics and image science.
Controlled Release Systems Based on Intercalated Paraquat onto Montmorillonite and Clinoptilolite Clays Encapsulated with Sodium Alginate
Authors: Rashidzadeh Azam , Olad Ali , Hejazi Mir Jalil 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTAs a model herbicide, paraquat (PQ) was intercalated into montmorillonite (MMT) and clinoptilolite (CL) clays at different concentrations. FT‐IR, XRD, and SEM techniques were used to characterize the structures of the prepared formulations. The prepared PQ/clay samples were further encapsulated with alginate (Alg) polymer. After characterization, the potential application was verified through release of PQ from PQ/clay and PQ/clay/Alg formulations. According to the results, the release of PQ from PQ/MMT was slower than the release from the PQ/CL system. The presence of the alginate polymer in PQ/clay/Alg capsule beads caused the system to liberate PQ in a more controlled release manner than PQ/clay samples. Furthermore, the release data were fitted to empirical equations to estimate the kinetic parameters. The results suggested the feasibility of the use of clay/Alg formulations for controlled release of herbicides in agricultural applications.
Consumers’ Preference Heterogeneity for GM and Organic Food Products in Germany
Authors: Emberger‐Klein Agnes , Zapilko Marina , Menrad Klaus 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTAccording to the EU co‐existence strategy, no form of agricultural food production system should be excluded. The driving force for this policy is the need to ensure consumers' freedom of choice. The aim of this study is to analyze whether preference heterogeneity for a GM and an organic variant of the same product exists among German consumers. The analysis is based on a survey conducted in spring 2007 in Germany. The specified mixed‐logit and latent class model show significant preference heterogeneity for both production technologies. We found one consumer segment with opposing preferences for GM and organic products and a second one exhibiting positive preferences for GM and organic products. The consumers in the second segment are possibly those who would most benefit from the EU co‐existence strategy and would probably be willing to cover the additional costs associated with a co‐existence strategy in the existing food value chains (D12). [EconLit citations: D12].
Direct Dual‐Template Synthesis of MWW Zeolite Monolayers
Authors: Margarit Vicente J. , Martínez‐Armero Marta E. , Navarro M. Teresa , Martínez Cristina , Corma Avelino 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA two‐dimensional zeolite with the topology of MWW sheets has been obtained by direct synthesis with a combination of two organic structure‐directing agents. The resultant material consists of approximately 70 % single and double layers and displays a well‐structured external surface area of about 300 m2 g−1. The delaminated zeolite prepared by means of this single‐step synthetic route has a high delamination degree, and the structural integrity of the MWW layers is well preserved. The new zeolite material displayed excellent activity, selectivity, and stability when used as a catalyst for the alkylation of benzene with propylene and found to be superior to the catalysts that are currently used for producing cumene.
Enzymology of Pyran Ring A Formation in Salinomycin Biosynthesis
Authors: Luhavaya Hanna , Dias Marcio V. B. , Williams Simon R. , Hong Hui , de Oliveira Luciana G. , Leadlay Peter F. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractTetrahydropyran rings are a common feature of complex polyketide natural products, but much remains to be learned about the enzymology of their formation. The enzyme SalBIII from the salinomycin biosynthetic pathway resembles other polyether epoxide hydrolases/cyclases of the MonB family, but SalBIII plays no role in the conventional cascade of ring opening/closing. Mutation in the salBIII gene gave a metabolite in which ring A is not formed. Using this metabolite in vitro as a substrate analogue, SalBIII has been shown to form pyran ring A. We have determined the X‐ray crystal structure of SalBIII, and structure‐guided mutagenesis of putative active‐site residues has identified Asp38 and Asp104 as an essential catalytic dyad. The demonstrated pyran synthase activity of SalBIII further extends the impressive catalytic versatility of α+β barrel fold proteins.
Rhodium(II)‐Catalyzed Cycloaddition Reactions of Non‐classical 1,5‐Dipoles for the Formation of Eight‐Membered Heterocycles
Authors: Lee Dong Jin , Ko Donguk , Yoo Eun Jeong 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA new type of intermolecular rhodium(II)‐catalyzed [5+3] cycloaddition has been developed. This higher‐order cycloaddition between pyridinium zwitterion 1,5‐dipole equivalents and enol diazoacetates enables the formation of eight‐membered heterocyclic skeletons, which are otherwise difficult to construct. The optimized cycloaddition occurs efficiently under mild conditions with a wide range of pyridinium zwitterions and with high functional‐group tolerance.
Folate receptor autoantibodies in pregnancy related complications
Authors: Shapira Iuliana , Sequeira Jeffrey M. , Quadros Edward V. 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundFolate receptor autoantibodies in women have been associated with neural tube pregnancy and in children with cerebral folate deficiency syndrome and autism. These autoantibodies have been implicated in blocking folate transport to the fetus and to the brain in infants.MethodsWe report a woman with multiple pregnancy related complications who was diagnosed with autoantibodies to the folate receptor alpha.ResultsA treatment strategy with folate supplementation and reducing the antibody titer proved effective in normal pregnancy outcome.ConclusionThis long‐term follow up of a subject with folate receptor autoantibodies is a first report of its kind and describes treatment strategy to prevent pregnancy related complications due to folate receptor autoantibodies. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 103:1028–1030, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Studies on the formation and stability of triplex DNA using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy
Authors: Hu Hongyan , Huang Xiangyi , Ren Jicun 
Published: September 2015

AbstractTriplex DNA has become one of the most useful recognition motifs in the design of new molecular biology tools, therapeutic agents and sophisticated DNA‐based nanomaterials because of its direct recognition of natural double‐stranded DNA. In this paper, we developed a sensitive and microscale method to study the formation and stability characterization of triplex DNA using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS). The principle of this method is mainly based on the excellent capacity of FCS for sensitively distinguishing between free single‐strand DNA (ssDNA) fluorescent probes and fluorescent probe–double‐strand DNA (dsDNA) hybridized complexes. First, we systematically investigated the experimental conditions of triplex DNA formation. Then, we evaluated the equilibrium association constants (Ka) under different ssDNA probe lengths, composition and pH. Finally, we used FCS to measure the hybridization fraction of a 20‐mer perfectly matched ssDNA probe and three single‐base mismatched ssDNA probes with 146‐mer dsDNA. Our data illustrated that FCS is a useful tool for the direct determination of the thermodynamic parameters of triplex DNA formation and discrimination of a single‐base mismatch of triplex DNA without denaturation. Compared with current methods, our method is characterized by high sensitivity, good universality and small sample and reagent requirements. More importantly, our method has the potential to become a platform for triplex DNA research in vitro. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Postoperative infectious complications after pancreatic resection
Authors: Okano K , Hirao T , Unno M , Fujii T , Yoshitomi H , Suzuki S , Satoi S , Takahashi S , Kainuma O , Suzuki Y 
Published: September 2015

Abstract

Background
Although mortality associated with pancreatic surgery has decreased dramatically, high morbidity rates are still of major concern. This study aimed to identify the prevalence of, and risk factors for, infectious complications after pancreatic surgery.

Methods
The Japanese Society of Pancreatic Surgery conducted a multi-institutional analysis of complications in patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) or distal pancreatectomy (DP) between January 2010 and December 2012. Risk factors that were significantly associated with infectious complications in univariable models were included in a multivariable logistic regression model, and a nomogram was created to predict the risk of infectious complications after pancreatectomy.

Results
Infectious complications occurred in 1459 (35·2 per cent) of 4147 patients in the PD group and 426 (25·2 per cent) of 1692 patients in the DP group (P &lt; 0·001). Nine risk factors for infectious complications after PD were identified: male sex, age 70 years or more, body mass index at least 25 kg/m2, other previous malignancy, liver disease, bile contamination, duration of surgery 7 h or longer, intraoperative blood transfusion and soft pancreas. Five risk factors for infectious complications after DP were identified: chronic steroid use, smoking, duration of surgery 5 h or more, intraoperative blood transfusion and non-laparoscopic surgery. Occurrence of a postoperative infectious complication was significantly associated with mortality and reoperation after PD (odds ratio (OR) 4·33, 95 per cent c.i. 2·01 to 9·92 and OR 3·26, 1·86 to 5·82, respectively) and DP (OR 6·32, 1·99 to 22·55; OR 3·74, 1·61 to 9·04).

Conclusion
Prolonged operating time, intraoperative blood transfusion, bile contamination (PD) and non-laparoscopic surgery (DP) are risk factors for postoperative infectious complications that could be targeted to improve outcome after pancreatectomy.
Determination of ecliptasaponin A in rat plasma and tissues by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhao Jing , Liu Erwei , Han Lifeng , Wang Linlin , Zhang Yi , Wang Tao , Fang Shiming , Gao Xiumei 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA sensitive, rapid and specific high‐performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method (HPLC‐MS/MS) was developed to determine ecliptasaponin A in rat plasma and tissues after oral administration. Ginsenoside Rg1 was used as the internal standard (IS). The plasma and tissues samples were prepared by liquid‐liquid extraction with ethyl acetate and separated on an Eclipse Plus C18 column (2.1 mm × 150 mm, 5 µm) at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min using acetonitrile and water (containing 0.05% acetic acid) as the mobile phase. The tandem mass detection was carried out with eletrospray ionization in negative mode. Quantification was performed by using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM), which monitored the fragmentation of m/z 633.4→587.2 for ecliptasaponin A and m/z 859.4→637.4 for the IS. The calibration curves obtained were linear in different matrices, and the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) achieved was 0.5 ng/mL both for rat plasma and tissues. The intra‐ and inter‐day precisions were below 15%. This method was successfully applied to pharmacokinetic study of ecliptasaponin A in rat plasma and tissues after oral administration. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A simple and high‐resolution HPLC‐PDA method for simultaneous quantification of local anesthetics in in vitro buccal permeation enhancement studies
Authors: Couto Renê O. , Cubayachi Camila , Lopez Renata F. V. , de Gaitani Cristiane M. , Pedrazzi Vinícius , de Freitas Osvaldo 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA simple, isocratic, high‐resolution and prompt HPLC‐PDA method was developed and validated for the simultaneous quantification of prilocaine (PCL) and lidocaine (LCL) hydrochlorides in in vitro buccal iontophoresis‐driven permeation studies. A reversed‐phase C18 column (250 mm x 4.6 mm, 3μm, 110Å) was used for the chromatographic separation. The mobile phase contained acetonitrile: 0.1M sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.0 (1:1, v/v), plus 0.05% (v/v) diethylamine. The isocratic flow rate was set at 1 mL/min and the detection wavelength was 203 nm. PCL and LCL eluted in 8.9 min and 13 min, respectively, and the system suitability parameters varied within an acceptable range. The method was selective, sensitive, precise, accurate and robust, producing a linear plot at the concentration range of 0.25 to 10 µg/mL. The application of this method was demonstrated by a significant enhancement of the permeation of PCL and LCL with the application of iontophoresis (1 mA/cm2 per 1 h) through isolated porcine esophageal epithelium. The amount of the drug retained in the epithelium also increased with the application of an electrical current. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A simple LC‐MS method for determination of cyasterone in rat plasma: application to a pilot pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Li Fuqiang , Li Guangyu , Zhao Jinsong , Xiao Jun , Liu Zaoxia , Su Guanfang 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA simple, specific, and sensitive liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC‐MS) method for determination of cyasterone in rat plasma was developed in our laboratory. Cucurbitacin B was used as an internal standard (IS). After protein precipitation with twofold volume of acetonitrile, the analyte and IS were separated on a Luna C18 column (100 × 4.6 mm, i.d., 3.0 µm; Phenomenex) by isocratic elution with acetonitrile–water (80:20, v/v) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. An electrospray ionization source was applied and operated in the positive ion mode; selected ion monitoring scan mode was used for quantification, and the target ions m/z 543.3 for cyasterone and m/z 581.3 for IS were chosen. Good linearity was observed in the concentration range of 0.40–400 ng/mL for cyasterone in rat plasma. Intra‐day and inter‐day precision were both <7.4%. This method was proved to be suitable for pharmacokinetic studies after oral (5.0 mg/kg) or intravenous (0.5 mg/kg) administration of cyasterone in rats. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Redefining the projectional and clinical anatomy of the duodenojejunal flexure in children
Authors: Koch Christine , Taghavi Kiarash , Hamill James , Mirjalili S. Ali 
Published: September 2015

The duodenojejunal flexure (DJF) is an important surgical landmark that enables the pediatric surgeon to establish whether normal intestinal rotation has occurred. The degree of variation in the position of the DJF has not been studied in the pediatric population, and there have been only limited studies on adults. The aim of the present study was to determine the position and relationships of the DJF in infants and children utilizing cross‐sectional imaging.Computer tomography scans of 120 children were divided into three age groups and systematically analyzed. The DJF position was measured in relation to the vertebral body level, midline, anterior‐posterior distance from the vertebral body, transpyloric plane, and mesenteric vessels. The position of the third part of the duodenum and the length of the mesenteric root were also determined.There was considerable variation in the DJF position with respect to the above landmarks in all three age groups. The vertebral body level of the DJF was centered on L1, but ranged between T11 and L3. In 3% of children with normal rotation the SMA/SMV relationship was abnormal. The third part of the duodenum was consistently found to be retromesenteric. The length of the mesenteric root ranged from 7 to 22 cm, and generally lengthened with increasing age.Owing to its variable position in infants and children, the DJF on its own may not be a reliable landmark for establishing normal intestinal rotation. Assessing for normal rotation is multifaceted and further comparative studies are required to characterize the anatomical features of normal and abnormal rotation. Clin. Anat. 29:175–182, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Impact of Crime on Social Ties and Civic Participation
Authors: Takagi Daisuke , Ikeda Ken'ichi , Kobayashi Tetsuro , Harihara Motoko , Kawachi Ichiro 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe present study examined associations of neighbourhood crime with residents' social ties and civic participation using multilevel models. We hypothesized that crime is indirectly associated with residents' low civic participation by negatively relating to their acquaintanceship ties because of fear of neighbours. By contrast, we predicted that crime is indirectly related to frequent civic participation by positively associating with more intimate friendship ties as a response to combat external threats. Additionally, we hypothesized that high crime rates in the neighbourhood increases the importance of generalized trust towards others. Therefore, we examined the interaction effects of neighbourhood crime and trust on social ties and participation. The study is based on a postal questionnaire mailed to residents aged between 20 and 69 years, residing in Musashino City and Kiyose City, in Tokyo. Rates of larceny reported by the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department were used as indices of neighbourhood crime. As hypothesized, our results showed that crime is positively associated with friendship ties and is negatively related to acquaintanceship ties. Through these opposing relationships, crime showed both positive and negative associations with civic participation. Moreover, we found that generalized trust buffered the adverse relationships between crime, broader social ties and participation. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Effects of Electrode and Catalyst Selection on Microfluidic Fuel Cell Performance
Authors: Rashed Musaab K. , Mohd Salleh Mohamad Amran , Abdulbari Hayder A. , Shah Ismail M. Halim , Izhar Shamsul 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA fuel cell can be best defined as an electrochemical converter of fuel and oxidant of chemical energy to electrical energy. The important components of micro fuel cells are the electrodes and catalysts because the kinetics and rates of the electrochemical reactions depend on their materials. All fuel cells consist of two electrodes: the anode, where fuel oxidation takes place, and the cathode, which is used to reduce the oxidants. The present review article highlights the use of a range of electrodes made up of different materials, a variety of catalysts that have been used in previous studies, and their fabrication materials and approaches. In this article, electrodes and catalysts are classified into two types based on the design approach applied to produce the micro fuel cell: micro fuel cell design and conventional assembly design. Most previous studies on fuel cells have demonstrated that the construction and position of the electrodes play crucial roles in improving the performance of micro fuel cells.