bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying the distribution difference between two populations of fuzzy data based on a nonparametric statistical method
Authors: Lin Pei‐Chun , Watada Junzo , Wu Berlin 
Published: October 2013

AbstractNonparametric statistical tests are a distribution‐free method without any assumption that data are drawn from a particular probability distribution. In this paper, to identify the distribution difference between two populations of fuzzy data, we derive a function that can describe continuous fuzzy data. In particular, the Kolmogorov–Smirnov two‐sample test is used for distinguishing two populations of fuzzy data. Empirical studies illustrate that the Kolmogorov–Smirnov two‐sample test enables us to judge whether two independent samples of continuous fuzzy data are derived from the same population. The results show that the proposed function is successful in distinguishing two populations of continuous fuzzy data and useful in various applications. © 2013 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
4‐kV 100‐Mbps monolithic isolator on SOI with trench isolation for wideband networks
Authors: Hashimoto Takayuki , Yukutake Seigo , Kanekawa Nobuyasu , Takeuchi Yusuke , Watanabe Atsuo , Akiyama Noboru 
Published: October 2013

AbstractTwo types of monolithic isolator on a silicon‐on‐insulator (SOI) with trench isolation have been fabricated. One is a multitrench isolator with polysilicon resistors in which two circuit areas are isolated using thirty‐four 0.4‐µm‐wide trenches on an SOI. The inequality in the voltages applied to the trenches is reduced by using polysilicon resistors parallel to the trenches, which increases the isolation voltage from 2.6 to 4.0 kV. The other is a spiral wide‐trench isolator in which two circuit areas are isolated using two spiral 10‐µm‐wide trenches. Monocrystalline silicon is used as a resistor to reduce the inequality in the trench voltages. Signals are transmitted between the two circuit areas through two series of high‐voltage capacitors: silicon on buried oxide and a third metal are used as electrodes. A network interface large‐scale integration (LSI) with a four‐channel isolator was fabricated using multitrench isolation. It provides 4‐kV isolation and supports 100‐Mbps transmission. © 2013 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A background EEG removal method combining PCA with multivariate empirical mode decomposition for event‐related potential measurements
Authors: Kawaguchi Hirokazu , Kume Takahiro , Kobayashi Tetsuo 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe event‐related potential (ERP) is a neural response to an internal or external event, and can be obtained by averaging time‐locked scalp potentials. The ERP measured in a single trial often has a low signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) because of the relatively large background due to the rhythmic electroencephalogram (EEG) noise. This paper proposes a novel method to enhance ERPs by combining principal component analysis (PCA) with multivariate empirical mode decomposition (M‐EMD). EMD is a data‐driven time–frequency analysis of nonlinear and nonstationary signals, and M‐EMD is its multivariate extension. In the proposed method, PCA reduces the data dimensions, while M‐EMD removes the relatively large background EEGs. The performance of the method is evaluated with simulated and measured P300 ERP components obtained from a visual oddball experiment. The results demonstrate that the proposed method can substantially reduce the background EEGs and improve the SNR of P300s. © 2013 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Effect of geometry parameters of saw‐tooth surface on the feeding velocity of microparts
Authors: Le Phuong Hoai , Dinh Thien Xuan , Mitani Atsushi , Hirai Shinichi 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIn this paper, we study experimentally the effect of the geometry parameters of a saw‐tooth surface and a micropart on the motion of the micropart. The experiments are performed for a range of the saw‐tooth pitch p, micropart length l, and exciting frequency f applied to the surface. By the use of particle tracking velocimetry method, we obtain the time‐dependent velocity and then the ensemble‐averaged velocity of the microparts. The results show that the velocity of the micropart increases up to a certain value of pf and then decreases with increasing pf. The widths of the profiles are similar for the same value of the relative scale l/p but the peaks of the profiles are slightly larger and the profiles are shifted leftward for larger pitches of the saw‐tooth surface. It implies that the motion of the micropart depends more on the characteristic surface velocity pf than on the relative scale l/p and that a larger pitch of the sawtooth creates a larger asymmetric force on the micropart. © 2013 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Genotoxicity risk assessment of diversely substituted quinolines using the SOS chromotest
Authors: Díaz Duran Leidy Tatiana , Olivar Rincón Nathalia , Puerto Galvis Carlos Eduardo , Kouznetsov Vladimir V. , Fuentes Lorenzo Jorge Luis 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTQuinolines are aromatic nitrogen compounds with wide therapeutic potential to treat parasitic and microbial diseases. In this study, the genotoxicity of quinoline, 4‐methylquinoline, 4‐nitroquinoline‐1‐oxide (4‐NQO), and diversely functionalized quinoline derivatives and the influence of the substituents (functional groups and/or atoms) on their genotoxicity were tested using the SOS chromotest. Quinoline derivatives that induce genotoxicity by the formation of an enamine epoxide structure did not induce the SOS response in Escherichia coli PQ37 cells, with the exception of 4‐methylquinoline that was weakly genotoxic. The chemical nature of the substitution (C‐5 to C‐8: hydroxyl, nitro, methyl, isopropyl, chlorine, fluorine, and iodine atoms; C‐2: phenyl and 3,4‐methylenedioxyphenyl rings) of quinoline skeleton did not significantly modify compound genotoxicities; however, C‐2 substitution with α‐, β‐, or γ‐pyridinyl groups removed 4‐methylquinoline genotoxicity. On the other hand, 4‐NQO derivatives whose genotoxic mechanism involves reduction of the C‐4 nitro group were strong inducers of the SOS response. Methyl and nitrophenyl substituents at C‐2 of 4‐NQO core affected the genotoxic potency of this molecule. The relevance of these results is discussed in relation to the potential use of the substituted quinolines. The work showed the sensitivity of SOS chromotest for studying structure–genotoxicity relationships and bioassay‐guided quinoline synthesis. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 30: 278–292, 2015.
Comprehensive Uranium Thiophosphate Chemistry: Framework Compounds Based on Pseudotetrahedrally Coordinated Central Metal Atoms
Authors: Neuhausen Christine , Hatscher Stephan T. , Panthöfer Martin , Urland Werner , Tremel Wolfgang 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe new ternary compounds UP2S6, UP2S7, U(P2S6)2, and U3(PS4)4 were prepared from uranium metal, phosphorus pentasulfide, and sulfur at 700 °C. The crystal structures were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction methods. UP2S6 (I) crystallizes in the ZrP2S6 structure type [tetragonal, P42/m, a = 6.8058(7) Å, c = 9.7597(14) Å, Z = 2], which consists of central uranium(IV) atoms coordinated by P2S64– anions (staggered conformation). The anions are two‐dimensional connectors for four uranium cations arranged in one plane. The structure of UP2S7 (II) [orthorhombic, Fddd, a = 8.9966(15) Å, b = 15.2869(2) Å, c = 30.3195(5) Å, Z = 16] is closely related to the monoclinic ZrP2S7 structure type. It consists of U4+ cations linked by P2S74– ligands, the resulting 3D network contains large pores (diameter approx. 3.5 × 16.7 Å). In the previously reported compound U(P2S6)2 (III) [I41/a, a = 12.8776(9) Å, c = 9.8367(10) Å, Z = 2], the metal atoms are coordinated by four bidentate P2S62– ligands. This arrangement can be considered as a pseudotetrahedral coordination of the uranium atoms by the linear ligands. Three of the resulting diamondoid frameworks are inseparably interwoven in order to optimize space filling. U3(PS4)4 (IV) [I41/acd, a = 10.7440(9) Å, c = 19.0969(2) Å, Z = 2] crystallizes in a defect variant of the PrPS4 structure type, with 50 % of the U2 sites statistically occupied with uranium atoms. The resulting stoichiometry is U3(PS4)4 with tetravalent uranium atoms. The structure of U3(PS4)4 consists of uranium atoms connected by PS43– groups, each PS4 group linking four central uranium atoms. Vibrational spectra, which were recorded for I–III, show good agreement between the obtained results and the expected values for the anionic units, while magnetic measurements confirm the presence of tetravalent uranium.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Spectral Properties of Two Manganese(II) and Zinc(II) Complexes with 3,4‐Dimethyl‐5‐(2‐pyridyl)‐1,2,4‐triazole
Authors: Zhang Chen‐Guang , Li Yuan , Wang Zuo‐Xiang 
Published: October 2013

AbstractTwo complexes, cis‐[MnL2(NCS)2] (1) and cis‐[ZnL2(NCS)2] (2) with asymmetrical substituted triazole ligands [L = 3,4‐dimethyl‐5‐(2‐pyridyl)‐1,2,4‐triazole], were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, UV/Vis and FT‐IR spectroscopy as well as thermogravimetric analyses (TGA), powder XRD, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. In the complexes, each L molecule adopts a chelating bidentate mode by the nitrogen atoms of pyridyl and triazole. Both complexes have a similar distorted octahedral [MN6] core (M = Mn2+ and Zn2+) with two NCS– ions in the cis position.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Properties of the Ordered Double Perovskite Sr2CoOsO6
Authors: Kumar Paul Avijit , Reehuis Manfred , Felser Claudia , Abdala Paula M. , Jansen Martin 
Published: October 2013

Abstract Sr2CoOsO6, a new osmium based ordered semiconductor double perovskite was prepared by solid state synthesis from the respective binary oxides. Room temperature PXRD analysis shows the compound to be tetragonal [I4/m; a = 5.5503(1) Å and c = 7.9320(1) Å], whereas low temperature synchrotron data refinement has revealed a second monoclinic polymorph [I2/m; a = 5.4969(2) Å, b = 5.4979(2) Å, c = 8.0090(1) Å and γ = 90.527(1)°] with a fully ordered rocksalt arrangement of cobalt and osmium atoms over the perovskite B‐sites. Heat capacity and magnetic measurements indicate that Sr2CoOsO6 shows antiferromagnetic ordering below TN = 108 K followed by a second magnetic transition at T2 = 65 K. It was shown that the change from the tetragonal to the monoclinic phase occurs at TN.
DNA molecule elastic nonlinearity: A functional helicoidal model
Authors: Tseytlin Y.M. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWe constructed a functional DNA molecule model on the basis of a flexible helicoidal sensor, specifically, a pretwisted hollow nano‐strip. We study in this note the helicoidal nano‐sensor model with a pretwisted strip axial extension corresponding to the overstretching transition of DNA from dsDNA to ssDNA. Our model and the DNA molecule have similar geometrical and nonlinear mechanical features unlike models based on an elastic rod, accordion bellows, or a combination of “multiple soft and hard linear springs”, presented in some recent publications.
Scaling and hierarchies of wave motion in solids
Authors: Engelbrecht J. , Salupere A. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe concept of wave hierarchies in the Whitham's sense is generalized to hierarchies of second order wave operators. Based on Mindlin's model of microstructured solids, the scaling procedure is described and the corresponding hierarchical equation derived which includes two wave operators. It is shown that waves in the Cosserat' medium are described by a similar hierarchical equation. These results are generalized to a multiscale case (a scale within a scale) and to nonlinear media. It is shown also how to construct hierarchies for waves in elastic ferroelectrics. The results obtained by Scott for hierarchies in thermoelasticity are presented in the similar framework. Finally, the cases with first order wave operators are described.
A macrotransport equation for the particle distribution in the flow of a concentrated, non-colloidal suspension through a circular tube
Authors: Ramachandran Arun 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA two-time-scale perturbation expansion is used to derive a cross-section-averaged convection–dispersion equation for the particle distribution in the flow of a concentrated suspension of neutrally buoyant, non-colloidal particles through a straight, circular tube. Since the cross-streamline motion of particles is governed by shear-induced migration, the Taylor-dispersion coefficient ${\mathscr{D}}_{eff} $ scales as ${U}^{\prime } {R}^{3} / {a}^{2} $, ${U}^{\prime } $, $R$ and $a$ being the characteristic velocity scale, the tube radius and the particle radius, respectively. Here ${\mathscr{D}}_{eff} $ is found to decrease monotonically with an increase in the particle concentration. The linear dependence of ${\mathscr{D}}_{eff} $ on ${U}^{\prime } $ implies that changes in the cross-section averaged axial concentration profile are dependent only on the total axial strain experienced by the suspension. This stipulates that the spatial evolution of a fluctuation in the concentration of particles in the flowing suspension, or the width of the mixing zone between two regions of different concentrations in the tube will be independent of the suspension velocity in the tube. A second interesting feature in particulate dispersion is that the effective velocity of the particulate phase is concentration-dependent, which, by itself (i.e. without considering Taylor dispersion), can produce either sharpening or relaxation of concentration gradients. In particular, shocks with positive concentration gradients along the flow direction can asymptotically evolve into time-independent distributions in an appropriately chosen frame of reference, and concentration pulses relax asymmetrically. These trends are contrasted with those expected from the classical problem of Taylor dispersion of a passive tracer in the same geometry. The results in this paper are especially relevant for suspension flows through microfluidic geometries, where the induction lengths for shear-induced migration are short.
Global analysis of Navier–Stokes and Boussinesq stochastic flows using dynamical orthogonality
Authors: Sapsis T. P. , Ueckermann M. P. , Lermusiaux P. F. J. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWe provide a new framework for the study of fluid flows presenting complex uncertain behaviour. Our approach is based on the stochastic reduction and analysis of the governing equations using the dynamically orthogonal field equations. By numerically solving these equations, we evolve in a fully coupled way the mean flow and the statistical and spatial characteristics of the stochastic fluctuations. This set of equations is formulated for the general case of stochastic boundary conditions and allows for the application of projection methods that considerably reduce the computational cost. We analyse the transformation of energy from stochastic modes to mean dynamics, and vice versa, by deriving exact expressions that quantify the interaction among different components of the flow. The developed framework is illustrated through specific flows in unstable regimes. In particular, we consider the flow behind a disk and the Rayleigh–Bénard convection, for which we construct bifurcation diagrams that describe the variation of the response as well as the energy transfers for different parameters associated with the considered flows. We reveal the low dimensionality of the underlying stochastic attractor.
Long-term effects of ageing and ovariectomy on aversive and recognition memory and DNA damage in the hippocampus of female rats
Authors: Leffa Daniela Dimer , Damiani Adriani Paganini , Damazio Daiane Dal Col , Guerra Naiana Pereira , Moretti Morgana , de Brito Geovana Gomes da Silva , Boeck Carina Rodrigues , Gavioli Elaine Cristina , de Andrade Vanessa Moraes 
Published: October 2013

ObjectiveThis study investigated the influence of ageing – in particular the decrease of gonadal hormone levels during the ageing process – on the memory and the levels of DNA damage in the hippocampus of female rats.MethodsThree groups of female Wistar rats were investigated: Group I consisted of non-ovariectomised, adult animals (6 months old); Group II consisted of non-ovariectomised, aged animals (18 months old); and Group III consisted of ovariectomised, aged animals (18 months old). The memory of the animals in these groups was examined via novel object recognition and inhibitory avoidance tests. The hippocampus tissue samples of all animals were obtained via biopsy and used to quantify the DNA damage using a Comet Assay.ResultsAccording to our findings, the process of ageing results in a change during the behavioural tests. To prevent genotoxic damage to the hippocampus caused by the ageing process, lowered hormone levels seem to be part of a protective biochemical mechanism in the body of rats. Animals that were previously submitted to an ovariectomy adapted better to these lower levels of hormones.ConclusionOur results indicate that ovariectomy can provide beneficial long-term effects on the memory. However, this could be specific to the kind of memory examined, as the aversive memory deficits caused by ageing were not affected by ovariectomy.
Interleukin-6 inhibits voltage-gated sodium channel activity of cultured rat spinal cord neurons
Authors: Li Xiaoning , Chen Weiqiang , Sheng Jiangtao , Cao Deliang , Wang Wanchun 
Published: October 2013

ObjectiveInterleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic proinflammatory cytokine that plays a key role in the injuries and diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). A voltage-gated Na+channel (VGSC) is essential for the excitability and electrical properties of the neurons. However, there is still limited information on the role of IL-6 in voltage-gated sodium channels. Our study aimed to investigate the effects of IL-6 on Na+currents in cultured spinal-cord neurons.MethodsVGSC currents were activated and recorded using whole-cell patch-clamp technique in the cultured rat spinal cord neurons. The effects of IL-6 concentration and exposure duration were examined. To determine whether any change in the number of channels in the plasma membrane can inhibit IL-6 on VGSC currents, we examined the expression of α1A(SCN1α) subunit mRNA level and protein level in the neurons before and after IL-6 induction using real-time polymerase chain reaction.ResultsWe verified that IL-6, through a receptor-mediated mechanism, suppressed Na+currents in a time- and dose-dependent manner, but did not alter the voltage-dependent activation and inactivation. Gp130 was involved in this inhibition. Furthermore, the spike amplitude was also inhibited by IL-6 in the doses that decreased the Na+currents.ConclusionVGSC currents are significantly inhibited by IL-6. Our findings reveal that the potential neuroprotection of IL-6 may result from the inhibitory effects on VGSC currents.
Psychometric analysis of the Melancholia Scale in trials with non-pharmacological augmentation of patients with therapy-resistant depression
Authors: Bech Per , Lauritzen Lise , Lunde Marianne , Unden Mogens , Hellström Lone Christina , Csillag Claudio , Martiny Klaus 
Published: October 2013

ObjectiveThe Melancholia Scale (MES) consists of the psychic core items of the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D6) (depressed mood, interests, psychic anxiety, general somatic, guilt feelings, and psychomotor retardation) and the neuropsychiatric items of the Cronholm–Ottossen Depression Scale. Patients resistant to anti-depressant medication (therapy-resistant depression) have participated in our trials with non-pharmacological augmentation. On the basis of these trials, we have evaluated to what extent the neuropsychiatric subscale of the MES (concentration difficulties, fatigability, emotional introversion, sleep problems, and decreased verbal communication) is a measure of severity of apathia when compared with the HAM-D6 subscale of the MES.MethodsWe have focused on rating sessions at baseline (week 0) and after 2 and 4 weeks of therapy in four clinical trials on therapy-resistant depression with the following augmentations: electroconvulsive therapy, bright light therapy, transcranial magnetic stimulation or pulsed electromagnetic fields, and wake therapy. The item response theory model constructed by Mokken has been used as the psychometric validation of unidimensionality. For the numerical evaluation of transferability, we have tested item ranks across the rating weeks.ResultsIn the Mokken analysis, the coefficient of homogeneity was above 0.40 for both the HAM-D subscale and the apathia subscale at week 4. The numerical transferability across the weeks was statistically significant (p < 0.05) for both subscales.ConclusionThe apathia subscale is a unidimensional scale with acceptable transferability for the measurement of treatment-resistant symptoms, analogue to the psychic core subscale (HAM-D6).
Short-term, daily intake of yogurt containing Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis Bf-6 (LMG 24384) does not affect colonic transit time in women
Authors: Merenstein Daniel J. , D'Amico Frank , Palese Caren , Hahn Alexander , Sparenborg Jessy , Tan Tina , Scott Hillary , Polzin Kayla , Kolberg Lore , Roberts Robert 
Published: October 2013

The present study investigated the effect of Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis Bf-6 (LMG 24 384) (Bf-6)-supplemented yogurt on colonic transit time (CTT). A triple-blinded, randomised, placebo-controlled, two-period cross-over trial was conducted with sixty-eight women with a self-reported history of straining during bowel movements or hard or lumpy stools in the past 2 years. As per regulatory requirements for probiotic studies, eligible women were generally healthy and not actively constipated at the time of enrolment. Participants consumed both Bf-6 and placebo yogurts for 14 d each in a randomised order, with a 6-week washout period between the treatments. The primary outcome, CTT, was assessed via Sitz marker X-rays. The average CTT was 42·1 h for the active period and 43·3 h for the control period (mean difference 1·2 h, 95 % CI − 4·9, 7·4). Since the statistical tests for the cross-over study implied that the mean CTT for the active and control periods in period 2 were biased, the standard protocol suggests examining the results of only period 1 as a traditional randomised controlled trial. This showed that the mean CTT was 35·2 h for the active period v. 52·9 h for the control period (P= 0·015). Bootstrapping demonstrated that both the mean and median differences remained significant (P= 0·016 and P= 0·045, respectively). Few adverse events were noted, with no differences among the active and control periods. The paired analysis showed no differences between the active and control periods during the cross-over trial. Further trials should be conducted in populations with underlying problems associated with disordered transit to determine the potential value of probiotic supplementation more accurately.