bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vivo
selection of carbapenem resistance during persistent
Klebsiella pneumoniae
sequence type 395 bloodstream infection due to OmpK36 deletion
Authors: Strahilevitz Jacob , Motro Yair , Temper Violeta , Merezhko Diana , Ayalon Oshrat , Bar Moshe Yehonatan , Lam Margaret M. C. , Holt Kathryn E. , Moran-Gilad Jacob 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Non-carbapenemase-producing carbapenem-resistant
Enterobacterales
(non-CP CRE) may be associated with a grave outcome. The common underlying mechanism is beta-lactamases and mutations in outer membrane porins. We report a case of a deep-seated infection caused by
Klebsiella pneumoniae
ST395 not amenable to source control, involving recurrent bloodstream infection, resulting in
in vivo
selection of carbapenem resistance under therapy. Three consecutive
K. pneumoniae
blood isolates were studied using short- and long-read sequencing. The genomes were subject to resistome and virulome, phylogenetic, and plasmid analyses.
ompK36
porins were analyzed at the nucleotide and amino acid levels. Genomes were compared to 297 public ST395
K. pneumoniae
genomes using cgMLST, resistome, and porin analyses and the EuSCAPE project. Relevant
ompK36
and
micF
sequences were extracted and analyzed as above. The three sequential
K. pneumoniae
blood isolates belonged to the same clone. Subsequent CR isolates revealed a new large deletion of the
ompK36
gene also involving the upstream region (deletion of
micF
). Comparison with public ST395 genomes revealed the study isolates belonged to clade B, representing a separate clone. N-terminal large
ompK36
truncations were uncommon in both public data sets.
In vivo
selection of non-CP CRE
K. pneumoniae
could have substantial clinical implications. Such selection should be scrutinized through repeated cultures and frequent susceptibility testing during antimicrobial treatment, especially in the context of persistent or recurrent bloodstream infections and when adequate source control cannot be achieved. The occurrence of an unusually large deletion involving the
ompK36
locus and upstream
micF
should be further studied.
Prevalence of active trachoma among 1–9 years of age children in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Asgedom Yordanos Sisay , Melaku Tsegaye , Gebrekidan Amanuel Yosef , Meskele Mengistu , Asnake Gedeon , Alemu Afework , Efa Amelework Gonfa , Haile Kirubel Eshetu , Kassie Gizachew Ambaw 
Published: July 2024

ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to determine the pooled prevalence of active trachoma among 1–9 years old children in Ethiopia.DesignA systematic review and meta-analysis were employed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews.Data sourcesMedline/PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, African Journal of Online and Google scholar databases were systematically explored to find studies published in English until July 2023.Eligibility criteriaThe following criteria apply: (1) condition (Co): studies examined the prevalence of trachoma among children (1–9) years old; (2) context (Co): studies conducted in Ethiopia; (3) population (Pop): studies that were done among children (1–9) years old; (4) study type: observational studies and (5) language: studies published in English.Data extraction and synthesisThe data were extracted using a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. DerSimonian-Laird random effect model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of active trachoma among 1–9 years old children. Cochrane Q-tests and I2statistics were used across studies to assess heterogeneity. To identify possible publication bias, Egger’s test was performed.Primary outcomePrevalence of active trachoma among children aged (1-9 years old)".ResultsOverall, a total of 42 articles with 235 005 study participants were included in the final analysis. The estimated pooled prevalence of active trachoma using random effect model was 24% (95% CI 20% to 27%). The subgroup analysis by region revealed that the highest prevalence of trachoma was 36% (95% CI 13% to 58%) in the Tigray region, and publication year revealed the prevalence of trachoma was decreasing from 32% to 19% after 2015.ConclusionIn this review, the pooled prevalence of active trachoma was found to be high in Ethiopia compared with WHO threshold level. This underscores the need for increased focus on high-risk age groups to decrease trachoma and to achieve the elimination of trachoma from the country by 2030.
Long-term trajectories of weight loss and health outcomes: protocol of the SCOOP-RNPC nationwide observational study
Authors: Fabre Odile , Bailly Sébastien , Mithieux Gilles , Legrand Rémy , Costentin Charlotte , Astrup Arne , Pépin Jean-Louis 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionBehavioural weight loss programmes are generally accepted as being beneficial in reducing cardiometabolic risk and improving patient-reported outcomes. However, prospective data from large real-world cohorts are scarce concerning the mid-term and long-term impact of such interventions. The objective of this large prospective cohort study (n>10 000 participants) is to demonstrate the effectiveness of the standardised Nutritional and Psycho-Behavioural Rehabilitation programme (RNPC Programme) in reducing the percentage of subjects requiring insulin and/or other diabetes drug therapy, antihypertensive drugs, lipid-lowering therapies and continuous positive airway pressure therapy for obstructive sleep apnoea after the end of the intervention. The rate of remission of hypertension, type 2 diabetes and sleep apnoea will also be prospectively assessed.MethodsThis is a prospective multicentre observational study carried out in 92 RNPC centres in France. Participants will follow the standardised RNPC Programme. The prospective dataset will include clinical, anthropometric and biochemical data, comorbidities, medications, body composition, patient-reported outcome questionnaire responses, sleep study data with objective measurements of sleep apnoea severity and surrogate markers of cardiovascular risk (ie, blood pressure and arterial stiffness). About 10 000 overweight or obese participants will be included over 2 years with a follow-up duration of up to 5 years.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval for this study has been granted by the Ethics Committee (Comité de protection des personnes Sud-Est I) of Saint-Etienne University Hospital, France (SI number: 23.00174.000237). Results will be submitted for publication in peer-review journals, presented at conferences and inform the design of a future randomised controlled trial in the specific population identified as good responders to the RNPC Programme.Trial registration numberNCT05857319.
Comparison of the effects of norepinephrine and phenylephrine on shivering and hypothermia in patients undergoing caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia at a tertiary hospital in China：a randomised, double-blind, controlled trial protocol
Authors: Tao Wenhui , Xie Yufang , Bao Jinfeng , Ding Wei , Zhang Ye , Hu Xianwen 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionPeripheral vasodilation causes a redistribution of body temperature from the core to the periphery, resulting in shivering and hypothermia. These are normal pathological and physiological processes during spinal anaesthesia. Two drugs, norepinephrine and phenylephrine, have peripheral vasoconstrictive effects. It is unclear the effects of norepinephrine and phenylephrine on shivering and hypothermia in patients undergoing caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia.Methods analysis240 eligible parturients will be recruited for this randomised, double-blind, controlled trial and randomly assigned to either the norepinephrine or phenylephrine groups. The primary outcome will be the incidence of shivering while secondary outcomes will include the severity of shivering, rectal temperature, incidence of hypothermia and umbilical artery blood pH value.Ethics and disseminationThe Institutional Ethics Committee of The Second People’s Hospital of Hefei approved the trial protocol (ID: 2023-093). The results will be published in a compliant journal. The original data will be released in December 2029 on the ResMan original data-sharing platform of the China Clinical Trial Registry (http://www.medresman.org.cn).Trial registration numberChiCTR2300077164.
Leishmaniases in Ethiopia: a scoping review protocol to determine the scope of research and remaining gaps
Authors: O'Brien Katherine , Shirley Hugh , Grifferty Grace , Ayele Eleni , Asres Mezgebu Silamsaw , Espinola Coombs Philip , Diro Ermias , Wamai Richard 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionThe leishmaniases are among the group of neglected tropical diseases that cause significant morbidity and mortality each year. Currently, the East Africa region has the highest visceral leishmaniasis burden in the world. Ethiopia is one of the East African countries that reports both visceral and cutaneous forms of the disease. As part of the Nairobi Declaration, Ethiopia showed commitment to the elimination of visceral leishmaniasis by 2030. In this endeavour, it is important to understand the scope of research conducted on leishmaniases in the country and identify where the research gaps exist. Determining the research landscape is vital in the plan towards leishmaniases control and elimination. It will help to reference conducted research, determine if systematic reviews are warranted and help prioritise future research directions.Methods and analysisThis protocol was developed with reference to the JBI Scoping Review Methodology Group’s guidance on conducting scoping reviews and the PRISMA-ScR reporting guidelines for scoping reviews. The following databases will be searched: PubMed, Embase via Embase.com, Web of Science Core Collection, Cochrane CENTRAL, Global Index Medicus, ClinicalTrials.gov, the Pan African Clinical Trials Registry and PROSPERO. Locally published literature that may not be indexed in the above-mentioned systems will be identified through team members familiar with the setting. Each record will be dually and blindly reviewed in an abstract-title screen and full-text screen using inclusion–exclusion criteria. Included articles must contain an in-depth discussion of leishmaniasis in Ethiopia. Data extracted will consist of study themes, study types, and categories and subcategories each defined in the developed codebook, in addition to type of leishmania, year of publication, funding source and the number of citations. Results will be reported with summary statistics.Ethics and disseminationIndividual consenting and ethical approvals are not applicable. We plan to disseminate our findings to the appropriate stakeholders.
Characterization and genome analysis of a broad host range lytic phage vB_SenS_TUMS_E19 against Salmonella enterica and its efficiency evaluation in the liquid egg
Authors: Torkashvand Narges , Kamyab Haniyeh , Shahverdi Ahmad Reza , Khoshayand Mohammad Reza , Karimi Tarshizi Mohammad Amir , Sepehrizadeh Zargham 
Published: July 2024

Salmonella enterica serovars are zoonotic bacterial that cause foodborne enteritis. Due to bacteria’s antibiotic resistance, using bacteriophages for biocontrol and treatment is a new therapeutic approach. In this study, we isolated, characterized, and analyzed the genome of vB_SenS_TUMS_E19 (E19), a broad host range Salmonella bacteriophage, and evaluated the influence of E19 on liquid eggs infected with Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the isolated bacteriophage had a siphovirus morphotype. E19 showed rapid adsorption (92% in 5 min), a short latent period (18 min), a large burst size (156 PFU per cell), and a broad host range against different Salmonella enterica serovars. Whole-genome sequencing analysis indicated that the isolated phage had a 42 813 bp long genome with 49.8% G + C content. Neither tRNA genes nor those associated with antibiotic resistance, virulence factors, or lysogenic formation were detected in the genome. The efficacy of E19 was evaluated in liquid eggs inoculated with S. Enteritidis at 4 and 25 °C, and results showed that it could effectively eradicate S. Enteritidis in just 30 min and prevented its growth up to 72 h. Our findings indicate that E19 can be an alternative to a preservative to control Salmonella in food samples and help prevent and treat salmonellosis.
Upper bound on the radius of the innermost photonsphere in the regular compact star spacetime
Authors: Liu Guohua , Peng Yan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe study properties of the innermost photonsphere in the regular compact star background. We take the traceless energy–momentum tensor and dominant energy conditions. In the regular compact star background, we analytically obtain an upper bound on the radius of the innermost photonsphere as $$r_{\gamma }^{in}\leqslant \frac{12}{5}M,$$

r

γ

in

⩽

12
5

M
,

where $$r_{\gamma }^{in}$$

r

γ

in

is the radius of the innermost photonsphere and M is the total ADM mass of the asymptotically flat compact star spacetime.
Vitamin B12 Deficiency in Children and Adolescents: A Case for Revised Diagnostic Parameters
Authors: Plattel Clara H. M. , Lever Sandra , Simons Charlotte P. M. , Haitsma Vera 
Published: July 2024

Background: Vitamin B12 deficiency is commonly diagnosed using thresholds developed for adults, yet emerging evidence indicates these levels may not be appropriate for children and adolescents. This misalignment can lead to underdiagnosis in younger populations, with potential long-term health implications. Case Summary: Chief Complaint: The 17-year-old female patient experienced severe fatigue, menstrual irregularities, psychological distress, and neurological symptoms over several years. The 13-year-old male patient had behavioral changes, gastrointestinal complaints, and sensory disturbances from an early age. Diagnosis: Both adolescents displayed B12 levels that were considered low-normal based on adult thresholds, complicating their diagnostic processes. Their diverse and atypical symptomatology required a comprehensive review of their medical and family histories, clinical symptoms, and risk factors. Intervention: Treatment included administration of hydroxocobalamin injections, complemented by dietary adjustments. Outcome: Both patients responded well to the treatment, showing significant improvements in their symptoms and overall quality of life. Conclusion: The main takeaway from these cases is the importance of tailoring diagnostic adequate thresholds and treatment plans to the pediatric population to address and manage B12 deficiency effectively. This approach can significantly enhance patient outcomes and prevent the progression of potentially severe complications in later life.
The role of African universities in handling climate change
Authors: Leal Filho Walter , Sierra Javier , Kalembo Frederick , Ayal Desalegn Y. , Matandirotya Newton , de Victoria Pereira Amaro da Costa Cristina Isabel , Sow Baba Libasse , Aabeyir Raymond , Mawanda James , Zhou Leocadia , Baldeh Demba 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
African countries are among the most vulnerable and affected by climate change. Comprehending climate change poses a major hurdle for the African population, politicians, and the African Union alike, presenting a substantial challenge for all involved. It is generally accepted that universities and other higher education institutions must play a leading role as drivers of change. Therefore, it is very important that African universities educate students about both mitigation and adaptation measures, develop the necessary initiatives to foster research in climate change-related topics and promote cooperation and alliances with key stakeholders.

Results
This research reports on a study aimed at identifying the extent to which higher education institutions in Africa are engaging in efforts to deal with the challenges posed by climate change. The objectives were accomplished through a mixed method approach, incorporating a review of literature, an international survey, and the inclusion of selected case studies from African universities that have developed successful initiatives. The research has brought to light significant disparities, such as varying perceptions regarding the potential outcomes of climate change and its associated extreme events in African countries. In addition, the study highlighted areas where there is a notable consensus on specific issues. It also offers a comprehensive view of the different strategies that universities are implementing to contribute to climate change mitigation and adaptation in several areas. Although there is a growing interest in the need to contribute to the joint task of mitigating the effects of climate change and adapting to its consequences, HEIs need to increase their efforts to enhance the work of their professors and researchers. To this end, the involvement of public authorities and other private sector actors is essential.

Conclusions
This article outlines some actions that need to be undertaken so that universities may play a more active role in global efforts to handle the problems associated with a changing climate. There is a notable focus from academic actors on addressing climate change challenges in Africa. In addition, there is a proactive emphasis on utilizing science and research to comprehend climate change issues and offer widely applicable tools for adaptation and mitigation to safeguard both people and the environment. Consequently, it is crucial and time-sensitive for African universities to enhance their expertise in the field of climate change, fostering the capacity to conduct innovative research that addresses the various challenges linked to the evolving climate. This study offers several useful lessons for African universities to replicate experiences that have generated results in different countries and contexts.
A case of accidental into-the-lens dexamethasone implant: watching or removing?
Authors: Ruggeri Maria Ludovica , Quarta Alberto , D’Aloisio Rossella , Toto Lisa , Mastropasqua Rodolfo 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
To report a case of cataract surgery in unintentional Ozurdex (Allergan, Inc., Irvine, California, USA) injection into the lens.

Case presentation
A 82-years old man reporting decreased visual acuity in his right eye came to our Ophthalmology service. Due to the clinical history, and on the basis of ophthalmoscopic and imaging examinations diabetic macular edema was diagnosed. Thus, intravitreal dexamethasone implant was scheduled and therefore performed. The following day Ozurdex appeared to be located into the lens. After careful evaluation and strict follow up examinations, due to the risks associated with the presence of the implant into the lens, phacoemulsification with Ozurdex removal and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation was scheduled and performed.

Conclusions
In this case report we reported the surgical management of accidental into-the lens dexamethasone implant carefully taking into account the dexamethasone pharmacokinetic.
The burden of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among working-age people in the Western Pacific Region, 1990–2019: an age–period–cohort analysis of the Global Burden of Disease study
Authors: Lv Jia-jie , Zhang Yi-chi , Li Xin-yu , Guo Hong , Yang Cheng-hao 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
The growing prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in younger populations, particularly those of working age (15–64 years), has become a public health concern. Being diagnosed at a younger age implies a greater likelihood of accruing disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) later in life due to potential progression to conditions such as cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. This study aims to analyze NAFLD prevalence trends over three decades globally, regionally, and nationally, with a focus on age, period, and birth cohort associations.

Methods
Global, regional, and country time trends in the prevalence of NAFLD among working-age people from 1990 to 2019: Age-period-cohort analysis based on Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 estimates and 95% uncertainty interval (UI) of NAFLD prevalence in the working age population was extracted from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries and Risk Factors Study 2019. Age-period-cohort models were used to estimate the prevalence within each age group from 1990 to 2019 (local drift, % per year), fitted longitudinal age-specific rates adjusted for period bias (age effect), and period/cohort relative risk (period/cohort effect).

Results
The global age-standardized prevalence (ASPR) of NAFLD increased significantly from 1990 (14,477.6 per 100 000) to 2019 (19,837.6 per 100 000). In the Western Pacific, there were 42,903.8 NAFLD cases in 2019, 54.15% higher than in 1990. The ASPR also increased significantly in the region over the past three decades. At the national level, Palau had the highest ASPR while Brunei Darussalam had the lowest. Age-period-cohort analysis showed that in the Western Pacific, unlike globally, the risk of NAFLD declined after age 60–64 years. Relative to 1980–1989, incidence and DALY risks decreased but prevalence increased in subsequent birth cohorts. Future predictions indicate an upward trend in NAFLD burden, especially among women and medium (SDI) regions like China.

Conclusion
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease imparts an immense health burden that continues to grow globally and in the Asia Pacific region. Our work highlights working age adults as an at-risk group and calls attention to socioeconomic gradients within Western Pacific countries. Upward future projections demonstrate that NAFLD prevention is an urgent priority.
The association between air pollution and obesity: an umbrella review of meta-analyses and systematic reviews
Authors: Luo Chengwen , Wei Ting , Jiang Weicong , Yang Yu-pei , Zhang Mei-Xian , Xiong Cai-Lian , Tung Tao-Hsin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe objective of this umbrella review was to investigate comprehensive and synthesized evidence of the association between ambient air pollution and obesity based on the current systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Related studies from databases including PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library, published before July 16, 2023, were considered in the analysis. All selected systematic reviews and meta-analyses were included in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. The risk of bias and the methodological quality were evaluated using the AMSTAR 2 tool. The protocol for this umbrella review was documented in PROSPERO with the registration number: CRD42023450191. This umbrella review identified 7 studies, including 5 meta-analyses and 2 systematic reviews, to assess the impacts of air pollutants on obesity. Commonly examined air pollutants included PM1, PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2, O3. Most of the included studies presented that air pollution exposure was positively associated with the increased risk of obesity. The impact of air pollution on obesity varied by different ambient air pollutants. This study provided compelling evidence that exposure to air pollution had a positive association with the risk of obesity. These findings further indicate the importance of strengthening air pollution prevention and control. Future studies should elucidate the possible mechanisms and pathways linking air pollution to obesity.