bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing barrier properties: Practical analysis of transport of solvents and gases in natural rubber/graphene oxide‐silica core shell Hybrid Nanocomposites
Authors: Paduvilan Jibin Keloth , Velayudhan Prajitha , Kalliyathan Abitha Vayyaprontavida , Sidharthan Sisanth Krishnageham , Meera A. P. , Thomas Sabu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis work investigates the comprehensive exploration of transport properties in natural rubber/graphene oxide‐silica hybrid core‐shell (NR/GSC) nanocomposites, focusing on diffusion, sorption behavior, swelling parameters, and gas permeability. The study evaluates the performance of the composite membranes concerning oxygen and nitrogen gas permeability (71.3% and 68.48% reduction, respectively). The experimental results reveal the sorption behavior, swelling parameters, and transport coefficients of NR/GSC composites, providing valuable insights into the material's behavior in different environments. Among various compositions, GSC10 stands out as the optimal composition, exhibiting superior diffusion and gas permeability behavior compared to other compositions. How the filler geometry and concentration are interconnected on the transport properties is carefully dissected, offering a deeper comprehension of the correlation between filler characteristics and composite performance. The study predicts that the Peppas‐Sahlin model and Affine model for mole percentage solvent uptake and molecular mass between successive crosslinks, respectively, best fit experimental values. This work contributes to the growing knowledge in the field of nanocomposites, providing a meticulous perspective on the transport properties of NR/GSC membranes and emphasizing the superior performance of the GSC10 composition.Highlights
NR/GSC hybrid nanocomposites showed reduced solvent uptake.
A 71.3% reduction in oxygen and 68.48% reduction in nitrogen permeation.
Theoretically modeled using Peppas‐Sahlin, Korsmeyer‐Peppas, Nielsen and s
GSC nanoparticles shows excellent dispersion in NR matrix
Enhanced fuel efficiency and reduced environmental footprint in tire manufacturing technology.
Leverage of aluminium oxynitride on the impact resistance of Kevlar‐impregnated epoxy composites: Experimental and numerical evaluation under low‐velocity impact
Authors: Chenrayan Venkatesh , Shahapurkar Kiran , Kiran M. C. , Ngarajan Bhuvanesh , Arunachalam Krishna Prakash , Weiss Alejandra Decinti , Fouad Yasser , Almehmadi Fahad Awjah , Soudagar Manzoore Elahi M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe present work highlights the benefits of matrix strengthening through the inclusion of hard particles within the resin‐impregnated woven Kevlar mat. Aluminium Oxynitride (ALON) particles are added to epoxy resin by 5, 10, and 15 volume percentages. The test coupons were developed through a hand‐lay‐up technique to estimate the low‐velocity impact resistance. The characterization was performed through EDAX and SEM to ensure the presence of the ALON particles and their homogenous distribution respectively. Low‐velocity testing is preferred to assess the capacity of the materials to rebound the incident energy. The damage assessment was made to estimate the material's stiffness. The compression after impact (CAI) was executed to observe the strength of the material after the impact. The post‐CAI micrographic observation reveals the delamination history. The results manifest that the ALON–rich coupon exhibits higher impact resistance to the scale of 33.33% than that of the ALON‐free coupon. The damage assessment and CAI results annunciate the lesser damage and higher compressive strength of ALON‐rich material respectively. The micrographic study studied after the CAI reveals the delamination and failure behavior. Additionally, explicit numerical assessment was conducted to validate the experimental results. A good agreement is attained between the experimental results and numerical predictions. The enriched stiffness of the synthesized material makes it a perfect candidate for structural application where the frequency of impact loading is high.Highlights
Development of ALON reinforced Kevlar‐Epoxy composites for low‐velocity impact applications.
Evaluating the performance of developed composites under low‐velocity impact loading.
Determining the optimal volume percentage of ALON in the composites.
Studying the fractography of developed composites.
Correlation between experimental and numerical studies.
Control of basic aggregate structure: Application and mechanism analysis in nitrile rubber composite materials
Authors: Wang Maohui , Yong Zhanfu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper investigated the dispersion of silica exhibiting different specific surface areas in nitrile rubber (NBR) matrices and the interactions between fillers, filled rubber, and rubber networks by regulating the aggregate size. To better characterize and leverage the filler network structure, a comprehensive analysis was conducted using linear and nonlinear rheological tests based on the equilibrium solvation theory and pipe models. The results demonstrated that the incorporation of fillers formed an island‐like network structure. With high specific surface area, the concurrent use of high and low specific surface area silica fillers improved the filler‐rubber interactions and hindered filler‐filler interactions, decreased the filler aggregate size, and enhanced the dispersion. Furthermore, we analyzed the mechanism of the filler network structural enhancement and its relationship with the specific surface area by regulating the filler ratios to adjust the polymer size.Highlights
Control of Filler Network Structure: Ratio adjustment strengthens interactions.
Large silica surface enhances F‐R interaction, small surface improves dispersion.
Mixing ratios favor robust filler interconnection or dispersion.
Reveals strong correlation of filler network strength with F‐F interactions.
Highlighted effective eco‐friendly means of adjusting filler Mixing ratios.
Registration of CA 4011 cotton germplasm line with resistance to areolate mildew and tolerance to thrips
Authors: Beasley Edward D. , Wann Dylan , Shanbhad Shreya , Lubbers Edward , Suassuna Nelson Dias , Jones Don C. , Kelly Carol M. , Dever Jane K. , Chee Peng W. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCA 4011 (Reg. no. GP‐1149, PI 705597) is a noncommercial breeding line of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) jointly released by Texas A&M AgriLife Research and the Agricultural Experiment Station at the University of Georgia‐Tifton. This cotton germplasm is a selection from CA 3084, a germplasm line released by Texas Agricultural Experiment Station in 1987. CA 3084 was derived from a cross of EPSM‐75‐AAAA‐3 and EPSM‐1224‐1‐74‐2‐4‐2‐1, historical breeding lines developed by the cotton breeding program at Texas Agricultural Experiment Station in El Paso. Progeny row of CA 4011 was selected for 2008 preliminary yield testing in Southern High Plains by the Texas A&M AgriLife Research cotton breeding program in Lubbock. In 2012, CA 4011 had less damage from thrips feeding injury than 22 other genotypes tested in a greenhouse assay but was equal to the resistant check TX110 (PI 163608). Performance testing for yield, fiber quality, and other related agronomic properties was conducted under organic management and on certified organic farms during 2012, 2013, and 2014 growing seasons. CA 4011 showed comparable yield and fiber quality to standard check cultivars grown in the Southern High Plains. Subsequent testing was done at the University of Georgia Coastal Plains Experiment Station in Tifton, GA, to evaluate for resistance to the foliar diseases areolate mildew and target spot. Disease ratings were taken in 2018 and 2019 growing seasons. CA 4011 showed favorable resistance to areolate mildew in comparison to susceptible checks, providing less leaf infection and defoliation.
A dearth of disability‐related competencies in Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education's Milestones 2.0
Authors: Houtrow Amy J. , Hurwitz Max B. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundDespite the high prevalence of disability and the frequency with which people with disabilities encounter the health care system, physicians report inadequate knowledge regarding caring for their patients with disabilities.ObjectiveTo determine the number and type of disability‐related competencies in the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education's Milestones 2.0.DesignCross‐sectional analysis of publicly available data to identify, via key word search, the presence of disability‐related competencies using disability‐related terms derived from the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health.SettingAccreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education's Milestones 2.0.ParticipantsN/AInterventionsN/AMain Outcome MeasurePresence of disability‐related competencies.ResultsOver one‐third (37.5%) of specialties had zero disability‐related competencies. Nineteen (59.4%) included an Interpersonal and Communication Skills Milestone that mentions disability as a potential barrier to communication. No specialties had Systems‐Based Practice or Practice‐Based Learning and Improvement disability‐related competencies. Physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R) had six disability‐related competencies, preventive medicine occupational and environmental medicine had three, and otolaryngology and transition year each had two.ConclusionsA minority of medical and surgical specialties had disability‐related competencies outside of the Interpersonal and Communication domain. With the rising prevalence of disability and the lack of physicians with expertise in the care of people with disability, the time is now to integrate disability competencies into residencies, especially for the primary care specialties.
Novel low‐temperature curable photosensitive polyimides with stable storage
Authors: Shi Shun , Zhang Chunhua , Ma Jiaojiao , Yang Zhenghui , Guo Haiquan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this work, varieties of thermal base generators with nitrogen heterocyclic bases as curing catalysts were synthesized and further blended with photo‐crosslinking agents, and photoinitiators to achieve the research goal of the low‐temperature curable negative photosensitive polyimide (n‐LTPI) photoresist. Due to the addition of thermal base generators, the curing temperature was reduced to 200 °C. Adding 2% 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene (DBU) pyromellitic acid salt to the photoresist can completely iminate at 200 °C. Through field‐emission scanning electron microscope analysis, the film produced high‐quality photo‐patterns with line and via resolution of 2–5 μm at 5–6 μm film thickness. Compared with existing technologies, our article not only achieves low‐temperature curing of photoresists but also improved storage stability, which has great practical value in the field of advanced semiconductor packaging.
Organic reactions in plasma–liquid systems for environmental applications
Authors: Gorbanev Yury , Nikiforov Anton , Fedirchyk Igor , Bogaerts Annemie 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPlasma–liquid systems are best recognised in biomedicine, where the generation of plasma‐treated water and complex organic‐containing solutions affords biological effects. However, plasma interactions with liquids are more diverse. In this review, we look from the chemical point of view at the three fields of plasma–liquid interaction in which plasma is used to convert organic substrates. In wastewater treatment, plasma decomposes organic substances: the selectivity towards specific products is less crucial than process energy costs. In the conversion of organic liquids for sustainable energy purposes, the carbon and hydrogen selectivity to syngas are important, but these are still destructive reactions yielding small molecules. Finally, we provide a comprehensive plasma application list for synthetic organic chemistry and discuss their mechanisms and limitations.
A Comprehensive Numerical Study on the Transport and Deposition of Nasal Sprayed Pharmaceutical Aerosols in a Nasal‐To‐Lung Respiratory Tract Model
Authors: Huang Xinlei , Yin Yaohui , Saha Goutam , Francis Isabella , Saha Suvash C. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractUtilizing a computed tomography (CT)‐based realistic nasal‐to‐lung respiratory tract model allows for a comprehensive investigation of the transport and deposition of nasal sprayed aerosols. This study has three main objectives: first, to determine the optimal mesh that achieves the quickest convergence for computational fluid‐particle dynamics (CFPD) simulations of a nasal‐to‐lung nasal respiratory tract by assessing the performance of different element types, sizes, and prism boundary layers; second, to design and validate a numerical method to compare grid data with different mesh structures and densities for simulation result validation; and finally, to observe and analyze fluid‐particle dynamics in the respiratory tract to aid in the development of nasal sprayed medications. This study involves reverse‐engineering a realistic and anatomically accurate respiratory tract model from CT scans. Results reveal that the optimal numerical approach for minimum calculation time is the polyhedral hybrid mesh with four boundary prism layers and the SIMPLE pressure‐velocity coupling scheme. Furthermore, observations of particle dynamics reveal that the vocal cords' location contains a concentration site of deposited small aerosols due to the turbulent airflow in the region. The optimal diameters of nasal sprayed aerosols to target each region are concluded in the end.
An improved fuzzy‐controlled local path planning algorithm based on dynamic window approach
Authors: Liu Aizun , Liu Chong , Li Lei , Wang Ruchao , Lu Zhiguo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWith the increasingly complex operating environment of mobile robots, the intelligent requirements of robots are getting higher and higher. Navigation technology is the core of mobile robot intelligent technology research, and path planning is an important function of mobile robot navigation. Dynamic window approach (DWA) is one of the most popular local path planning algorithms nowadays. However, there are also some problems. DWA algorithm is easy to fall into local optimal solution without the guidance of global path. The traditional solution is to use the key nodes of the global path as the temporary target points. However, the guiding ability of the temporary target points will be weakened in some cases, which still leads DWA to fall into local optimal solutions such as being trapped by a “C”‐shaped obstacle or go around outside of a dense obstacle area. In a complex operating environment, if the local path deviates too far from the global path, serious consequences may be caused. Therefore, we proposed a trajectory similarity evaluation function based on dynamic time warping method to provide better guidance. The other problem is poor adaptability to complex environments due to fixed evaluation function weights. And, we designed a fuzzy controller to improve the adaptability of the DWA algorithm in complex environments. Experiment results show that the trajectory similarity evaluation function reduces algorithm execution time by 0.7% and mileage by 2.1%, the fuzzy controller reduces algorithm execution time by 10.8% and improves the average distance between the mobile robot and obstacles at the global path's danger points by 50%, and in simulated complex terrain environment, the finishing rate of experiments improves by 25%.
Shortwave Infrared Imaging of a Quantum Dot‐Based Magnetic Guidewire Toward Non‐Fluoroscopic Peripheral Vascular Interventions
Authors: Hwang Junsun , Kim Beomjoo , Jin Chaewon , Lee Gyudong , Jeong Hwajun , Lee Hyunki , Noh Jonggu , Lim Sung Jun , Kim Jin‐young , Choi Hongsoo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPeripheral vascular interventions (PVIs) offer several benefits to patients with lower extremity arterial diseases, including reduced pain, simpler anesthesia, and shorter recovery time, compared to open surgery. However, to monitor the endovascular tools inside the body, PVIs are conducted under X‐ray fluoroscopy, which poses serious long‐term health risks to physicians and patients. Shortwave infrared (SWIR) imaging of quantum dots (QDs) has shown great potential in bioimaging due to the non‐ionizing penetration of SWIR light through tissues. In this paper, a QD‐based magnetic guidewire and its system is introduced that allows X‐ray‐free detection under SWIR imaging and precise steering via magnetic manipulation. The QD magnetic guidewire contains a flexible silicone tube encapsulating a QD polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composite, where HgCdSe/HgS/CdS/CdZnS/ZnS/SiO2 core/multi‐shell QDs are dispersed in the PDMS matrix for SWIR imaging upon near‐infrared excitation, as well as a permanent magnet for magnetic steering. The SWIR penetration of the QD magnetic guidewire is investigated within an artificial tissue model (1% Intralipid) and explore the potential for non‐fluoroscopic PVIs within a vascular phantom model. The QD magnetic guidewire is biocompatible in its entirety, with excellent resistance to photobleaching and chemical alteration, which is a promising sign for its future clinical implementation.
Quantification of cellular phototoxicity of organelle stains by the dynamics of microtubule polymerization
Authors: Mahapatra Shivam , Ma Seohee , Dong Bin , Zhang Chi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBeing able to quantify the phototoxicity of dyes and drugs in live cells allows biologists to better understand cell responses to exogenous stimuli during imaging. This capability further helps to design fluorescent labels with lower phototoxicity and drugs with better efficacy. Conventional ways to evaluate cellular phototoxicity rely on late‐stage measurements of individual or different populations of cells. Here, we developed a quantitative method using intracellular microtubule polymerization as a rapid and sensitive marker to quantify early‐stage phototoxicity. Implementing this method, we assessed the photosensitization induced by organelle dyes illuminated with different excitation wavelengths. Notably, fluorescent markers targeting mitochondria, nuclei, and endoplasmic reticulum exhibited diverse levels of phototoxicity. Furthermore, leveraging a real‐time precision opto‐control technology allowed us to evaluate the synergistic effect of light and dyes on specific organelles. Studies in hypoxia revealed enhanced phototoxicity of Mito‐Tracker Red CMXRos that is not correlated with the generation of reactive oxygen species but a different deleterious pathway in low oxygen conditions.
Seroepidemiology of bovine herpesvirus‐1 in goats in south‐western Iran
Authors: Pourmahdi Borujeni Mahdi , Abbasi Amir Hossein , Haji Hajikolaei Mohammad Rahim , Seifi Abad Shapouri Masoud Reza 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundWidely regarded as one of the chief causes of diseases in cattle population, bovine herpesvirus‐1 (BoHV‐1) has the potential to infect sheep and goat, making them potential reservoirs or hosts for this virus. Thus, preventive measures against BoHV‐1 in cattle should not overlook the ability of this virus to infect other animals.AimsTherefore, the focal point of this study was to ascertain the seroprevalence of BoHV‐1 in 300 healthy goats, the relationship between host and the environmental determinants of infection, and the contributing role of goats in the epidemiology of the BoHV‐1.Materials & MethodsIn order to pinpoint the existing antibodies to BoHV‐1, the obtained sera were analyzed by Virus Neutralization test.ResultsAccording to this test, the seroprevalence of BoHV‐1 appeared to be 64.33% in southwestern Iran. What logistic regression disclosed was that the odds ratio between age and infection with BoHV‐1 was 0.83 (p = 0.01), representing a decrease of 17% as goats grew one year older. In addition, females manifested a higher relative frequency of infection compared to males, with the odds of infection in female goats being registered at 1.88, compared to those in males (p = 0.2). Moreover, contrasted with goats lacking any history of abortion, those with a history of abortion featured 1.1 as the odds ratio (p = 0.87). The seroprevalence in Hendijan, Ahvaz, Shushtar and Dasht e Azadegan was detected to stand at 73.24, 71.30, 55.56 and 47.06 percent, respectively, with 6% of fluctuation in the infection rates being attributed to various geographical locations under the scrutiny of this study (p = 0.003).Discussion and ConclusionHaving attested the marked seroprevalence of BoHV‐1, the definitive role of goats in the epidemiology of this virus as a secondary host or reservoir was confirmed by the present study, necessitating the strict monitoring of BoHV‐1 in goats by animal health authorities in areas where BoHV‐1 abounds in cattle.
On the Treatment of Static Gravity Field Signal for Time-Variable Gravity Field Recovery
Authors: Lasser Martin , Meyer Ulrich , Arnold Daniel , Jäggi Adrian 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWhen estimating time-variable gravity field models from GRACE Follow-On data, a set of a priori given background force models is introduced in the processing to enable the computation of monthly snapshots of spherical harmonic coefficients representing the state of the Earth’s gravity field. The to-be-estimated spherical harmonic series has to be truncated at a certain point, for GRACE Follow-On commonly at degree and order 96, and one of the background models is usually a model for the gravity field itself, which is used to reduce higher frequency static gravity field signal to avoid aliasing (contained in degrees above 96).In this study we take a look on the influence of different strategies to treat the high degree gravity field signal in monthly gravity field solutions from GRACE Follow-On data. We estimate temporal gravity fields with fixed high degrees of different a priori background gravity field models, and opposed to this, we also co-estimate static spherical harmonic coefficients from degree 97 up to degree and order 160 from 51 months of GRACE Follow-On data along with the monthly snapshots to enable a consistent handling of correlations between time-variable and static gravity field coefficients. The observation noise modelling of the data is handled by an empirical covariance estimation for the noise based on post-fit residuals between the final GRACE Follow-On orbits, that are co-estimated together with the gravity field, and the observations. Since the post-fit residuals, amongst other things, depend on the choice of the background force models they are a potential carrier of a priori information into the final solution.The results show that a formal correlation between the time-variable and static gravity field coefficients is almost non-existent, and also the empirical covariance model has only minor impacts on this correlation. Only a poor choice of the background gravity field requires a prior or co-estimation of the static gravity field.
UNESCO in Afghanistan: Historical Highlights from Monument Conservation to Debates on Reconstruction
Authors: Hayashi Nao 
Published: August 2024

AbstractUNESCO has been collaborating with the government of Afghanistan and partners such as academia and civil society since the 1950s, in the fields of built heritage, World Heritage, museums, intangible and living heritage. Since 2001, it has focused on the safeguarding of two World Heritage sites in Afghanistan, Bamiyan and Jam, also placed on the List of World Heritage in Danger. Building on its previous achievement thanks to the cooperation with various partners, the international community continues to provide various supports, including to fulfill the conditions for removing the two sites from the List of World Heritage in Danger, as well as to further discuss the issue of reconstruction, as Bamiyan represents a unique case for reflection on this subject.