bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heavy Internet use and its associations with health risk and health-promoting behaviours among Thai university students
Authors: Peltzer Karl , Pengpid Supa , Apidechkul Tawatchai 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
The Internet provides significant benefits for learning about the world, but excessive Internet use can lead to negative outcomes. The aim of this study was to determine the associations between heavy Internet use and health-promoting behaviour, health risk behaviour and health outcomes among university students. The sample included 860 undergraduate university students chosen at random from Mae Fah Luang University in Thailand. Of the participants, 27.3% were male and and 72.7% were female in the age range of 18–25 years (M age=20.1 years, SD=1.3). Overall, students spent on average 5.3 h (SD=2.6) per day on the internet, and 35.3% engaged in heavy internet use (6 or more hours per day). In multivariate logistic regression adjusting for sociodemographics, lack of dental check-ups, three health risk behaviours (sedentary lifestyle, illicit drug use and gambling) and three health outcomes [being underweight, overweight or obese and having screened positive for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)] were found to be associated with heavy Internet use. The results from this study may support the importance of developing early protective and preventive actions against problematic Internet use to promote university student health.
Ethanol Steam Reforming for Hydrogen Production in Microchannel Reactors: Experimental Design and Optimization
Authors: Bineli Aulus , Thibault Jules , Jardini André , Maciel Filho Rubens 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
In this investigation, an experimental design procedure using prior literature information has been used to guide the localization of optimal points for reaction kinetics study. Three kinetic models were identified and the Pareto domain was circumscribed for a set of three decision variables and two objective functions to find an optimal solution. From the range of Pareto-optimal solutions obtained, the kinetic model considered to be the most reliable was used to explore the optimal operating region. Finally, the experimental design points were chosen to ensure a sufficient range of operating conditions to identify the reaction kinetics.
Modeling NOx Adsorption onto Fe/ZSM-5 Catalysts in a Fixed Bed Reactor
Authors: Cheng Xingxing , Bi Xiaotao T. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
A NOx adsorption kinetic model including NO oxidation and adsorption was developed. The NOx and O2 adsorption experimental data from a fixed bed were found to be fitted well to the Freundlich type isotherm. An axial dispersion adsorption model was then developed to simulate the breakthrough curve for NOx adsorption in the fixed bed. The model parameters including mass transfer coefficient and axial dispersion coefficient were fitted from the NOx breakthrough curves measured in a fixed bed. This model can be used for design and scale-up of fixed bed NOx adsorption columns. It can also be extended for the modeling of NOx adsorption in the annulus region of the circulating fluidized bed reactor for catalytic reduction of NOx.
Design and Optimization of a Fixed Bed Reactor for Direct Dimethyl Ether Production from Syngas Using Differential Evolution Algorithm
Authors: Vakili Reza , Eslamloueyan Reza 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Dimethyl ether (DME) is traditionally produced by methanol dehydration in an adiabatic reactor. Recently, a more economical method has been proposed to produce DME in a reactor in which methanol production and dehydration take place simultaneously on a bi-functional catalyst. In the present study, the design and optimization of an industrial scale fixed bed reactor for the direct synthesis of DME from syngas are investigated. A steady state, pseudo-homogeneous model has been applied to simulate the proposed reactor. At first, the preliminary design of the reactor is done based on the reactor design heuristics for industrial reactors. Then, using differential evolution (DE) algorithm as a fast and efficient optimization method, the tentative reactor operating conditions and its internal configuration are optimized. The objective of the optimization is to maximize DME production in each tube of the reactor. The number of tubes, feed inlet and coolant water temperatures are considered as decision variables of the optimization algorithm. At the optimum conditions, the reactor size decreases due to increase of CO conversion and DME productivity in each tube. The results show that the proposed optimum reactor is more economical for large-scale production of DME in comparison to the conventional industrial DME reactor.
Sequence learning pattern in children with specific language impairment
Authors: Sengottuvel Kuppuraj , Rao Prema K.S. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe procedural deficit hypothesis (PDH) claims that language deficits in children with specific language impairment (SLI) are caused by sequence learning deficits. Previous studies provided evidence that were both in favor and against this hypothesis. Few studies reported on sequence learning pattern in SLI children using various modifications of the serial reaction time (SRT) task. The present study aimed to examine the PDH by examining sequence learning pattern in SLI using an adapted SRT task. The study also examines the sequence learning pattern among typically developing and SLI children. Results are discussed with relevance to sequence learning pattern and language deficits in SLI children.
The Study of Switching Overvoltages under Power System Restoration Scenario Using Extended Delta-Bar-Delta Algorithm
Authors: Sadeghkhani Iman , Ketabi Abbas , Feuillet Rene 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
This paper presents an intelligent approach to evaluate switching overvoltages during power equipment energization. Switching action is one of the most important issues in power system restoration schemes. This action may lead to overvoltages that can damage some equipment and delay ‎power system restoration. In this work, transient overvoltages caused by power equipment energization are analyzed and estimated using artificial neural network (ANN)-based approach. Three learning algorithms, delta-bar-delta (DBD), extended delta-bar-delta (EDBD), and directed random search (DRS), were used to train the ANNs. In the cases of transformer and shunt reactor energization, ANNs are trained with the worst case scenario of switching angle and remanent flux which reduce the number of required simulations for training ANN. Also, for achieving good generalization capability for developed ANN, equivalent parameters of the network are used as ANN inputs. The simulated results for a partial of 39-bus New England test system, ‎show that the proposed technique can estimate the peak values and ‎duration of switching overvoltages with good accuracy and EDBD algorithm presents best performance.
A cross-sectional study of surveillance of adverse drug reactions in inpatient departments of a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Remesh Ambili , Balan Aswathy , Gnanadurai Angela 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Background: Pharmacovigilance plays an imperative role in providing information about adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and drug safety in a hospital. Hence, it was considered worthwhile to study the surveillance of ADRs in inpatient departments (IPD). Our study aims to evaluate the frequency, type, characteristics, causality, and severity and avoidability of ADRs in the IPDs.

Methods: This prospective observational study was done in the IPDs of a 550-bed tertiary care hospital in South India during the period April to September 2012. All the patients had experienced at least one suspected ADR after hospitalization and drug treatment; patients who are hospitalized due to suspected ADR(s) in the last 6 months were assessed after obtaining permission from the Institutional Research and Ethics Committee. All the ADRs were recorded on the appropriate, prescribed form for reporting ADRs designed by the Central Drugs Standard Control Organization.

Results: A total of 147 ADRs were reported with the use of 96 drugs used by 91 IPD patients. The maximum number of ADRs reported in our study was with antipsychotic drugs and the maximum number of patients reported rashes (n=30) followed by extrapyramidal symptoms (n=17). Causality assessment by the WHO scale and Naranjo’s algorithm showed 48 and 59 ADRs possibly related to drugs, respectively. Of this, 45 patients with ADR had moderate severity and 41 patients with ADRs were not preventable.

Conclusions: The maximum number of ADRs reported in our study was with antipsychotic drugs and the most common ADR reported was rashes. Most of the ADRs reported had a possible causality, were moderate in severity, and were not preventable. The majority of patients had recovered from the ADRs.
Nevirapine induces testicular toxicity in Wistar rats: reversal effect of kolaviron (biflavonoid from Garcinia kola seeds)
Authors: Adaramoye Oluwatosin A. , Akanni Olubukola O. , Farombi Ebenezer O. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Background: Nevirapine (NVP) is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in the treatment of HIV infections and has been reported to be toxic to the male reproductive system. This study was designed to evaluate the ameliorative effects of kolaviron (KV), a biflavonoid from Garcinia kola, on NVP-induced testicular toxicity.

Methods: The adult male Wistar rats were given two and four times therapeutic doses of NVP (NVP-2T and NVP-4T; 18 and 36 mg/kg NVP) alone or in combination with KV (200 mg/kg). NVP was given daily, whereas KV was administered five times in a week by oral gavage.

Results: Treatment with NVP did not alter the body weight gain and relative weight of testis of the rats. NVP-4T significantly (p<0.05) decreased the sperm motility, protein content, and live-dead ratio and also increased the percentage sperm abnormalities of the rats. Although NVP-4T significantly increased sperm abnormalities, it has no effect on epididymal sperm count. Also, NVP-4T caused a significant (p<0.05) elevation of serum aminotransferases and γ-glutamyl transferase activities. In addition, NVP-4T significantly (p<0.05) decreased the levels of testicular superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione S-transferase, and glutathione with marked elevation of malondialdehyde (index of lipid peroxidation) in the rats. In contrast, NVP-2T did not produce an adverse effect on the biochemical indices studied in testes and sperm of rats. Supplementation with KV significantly ameliorated the biochemical changes caused by NVP-4T.

Conclusions: Taken together, KV reversed the adverse effects of NVP-4T on testicular antioxidant enzymes and markers of oxidative stress in the rats.
Gladstone as linguist
Authors: Sampson Geoffrey 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Anyone who urges that differences between languages may correlate with differences in societies' perceptions of the world is open to misunderstanding by those who do not recognise the arbitrariness of their own socially-conditioned perceptions. A striking example is the reception of William Gladstone's nineteenth-century analyses of the vocabulary of the Homeric epics, Europe's first literature. Gladstone anticipated themes that are commonly seen as original advances of twentieth-century anthropology and linguistics; but this achievement has been obscured by a longstanding misinterpretation, according to which Gladstone ascribed Homer's surprising use of colour words to colour-blindness. At present, that misinterpretation is being disseminated more widely than ever before. In fact, Gladstone explicitly did not believe that Ancient Greeks were colour-blind. He did express a range of ideas standardly credited to much more recent scholarship. The reception of Gladstone's Homeric writings demonstrates the strength of the human disposition to trivialize significant cultural differences.
Is corpus stylistics bent on self-improvement? The role of reference corpora 20 years after the advent of semantic prosody
Authors: Milojkovic Marija 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
This paper (based on a presentation delivered at the 2012 PALA conference in Malta) aims to explain and illustrate the main principles of Contextual Prosodic Theory (CPT), developed by Bill Louw, the originator of the notion of semantic prosody (McEnery and Hardy, 2012: 135). No less importantly, it aims to free the theory from unwarranted criticism it has attracted over the past few years. I deal with the theoretical objections to Louw's stylistics in McEnery and Hardy (2012) and in Hunston (2007). In doing so, certain basic assumptions of Louw's stylistics are restated, such as the roles of intuition, authorial intention and the individual reader's perception. Is Louw justified in assuming that a text may be interpreted by what is, prima facie, NOT in it? After showing how reference corpora can reasonably be taken to influence the act of reading, I give an illustration of a new development in CPT: logical semantic prosody – subtext (Louw 2010a, 2010b). The reference corpora I use include the BNC and COCA, available on Mark Davies' site, and Tim Johns' corpus of the 1995 edition of the Times newspaper, containing 44.5 million words.
The semantics of difficult poems: Deriving a checklist of linguistic phenomena
Authors: Castiglione Davide 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
In analysing a range of 20th century poems and excerpts, stylisticians and literary critics have individuated a number of linguistic and textual features which they relate – with various degrees of explicitness – to the complex notion of ‘difficulty’. While there is a fair amount of agreement in the set of phenomena identified, to the best of my knowledge these have never been analysed, grouped and classified from a linguistic and unified perspective. This is the chief aim of the present paper, in which I reconsider previously discussed poetic excerpts in order to derive a checklist of linguistic phenomena demanding further investigation and even future empirical testing. Another major aim is that of illustrating how widespread and problematic the use of ‘difficult’ and ‘difficulty’ is, often implying quite distinct senses. The meaning of this pair will be kept indeterminate throughout the whole paper, where it simply refers to the personal usage of the critic or stylistician at stake. At the end of the paper, by contrast, a clearer characterization will emerge in the light of the textual excerpts analysed: difficulty is regarded as a combination of semantic opacity and hypothesized processing effort at syntagmatic level. However, being part of a wider ongoing research project, a more satisfactory formulation is still to come. Finally, an additional outcome of the paper is that of adding some evidence to the study of poetic language by taking into account recent poetic developments that so far have been given little attention in stylistics.
Cognitive chiasmus: Embodied phenomenology in Dylan Thomas
Authors: Pelkey Jamin 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Chiasmus has long been discussed as a rhetorical figure for the symmetrical reversal of linguistic structures in oral and written texts. Recent treatments have begun to challenge this parochial status in ways that are reminiscent of the embodied metaphor revolution in cognitive semantics. This paper further develops the argument that chiastic schemas are a rich source of embodied cognition in need of broader recognition and deeper understanding. A cognitive poetic analysis of Dylan Thomas' iconic work “Vision and Prayer” facilitates this discussion. The dialectic weave of inverse structures and corporeal schemas that emerge from the poem illustrate the aesthetic ubiquity of cognitive chiasmus. Its lived, intertwining nature is proposed as an antidote to the “missing body” problem, as a more complex approach to cognitive symmetry and as a primary source of conceptual blending.
Triggered and self-healing systems using nanostructured materials
Authors: Kötteritzsch Julia , Schubert Ulrich S. , Hager Martin D. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractSelf-healing materials feature the outstanding ability of healing damage inflicted on them. This process leads to the (partial) restoration of the original properties of these materials, in particular of the mechanical properties. Several healing mechanisms involve processes on the nanoscopic level. These lead to the healing of the damage (e.g., crack or scratch) and, as a consequence, the macroscopic mechanical properties are reestablished. Moreover, self-healing of nanomaterials can also be achieved, which is of particular interest, because nanomaterials are particularly prone to damage due to their high surface volume ratio. This review summarizes the involvement of nanoscopic processes in the healing of macroscopic materials, and the healing of nanomaterials is discussed.
Crystal structure of 3-(3-aminopropyl)-2-(p-tolylamino)quinazolin-4(3H)-one, C18H20N4O
Authors: Wang Xiang , Xiao Zhi-You , Yang Xiao-Yan 
Published: June 2013

Abstract C18H20N4O, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 15.702(1) Å, b = 17.612(1) Å, c = 23.565(2) Å, V = 6516.5 Å3, Z = 16, Rgt(F) = 0.0384, wRref(F2) = 0.1062, T = 298 K.
Secondary Isotope Effects on 13C and 15N Chemical Shifts of Schiff Bases Revisited
Authors: Filarowski Alexander , Hansen Poul Erik 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
An analysis is presented of secondary deuterium isotope effects on 15N and 13C chemical shifts of the methylamine Schiff base of 4,6-dimethoxysalicylaldehyde. It is shown that for this compound existing as an equilibrium between an OH and a NH-form, the secondary isotope effects depend on the OH/NH ratio giving a function with a maximum and a minimum.
Secondary deuterium isotope effects on 13C and 15N chemical shifts are compared in a broader range of compounds and the above trend is confirmed. Changes in the dielectric constants of the medium with temperature are found to be rather unimportant for the change in equilibrium. Equilibrium isotope effects on chemical shifts are shown to be important. The magnitudes of the isotope effects are correlated both to intrinsic and equilibrium isotope effects. The latter correlate to the shape of the two-potential well, the energy difference and the difference in chemical shifts of the two tautomers.
Targeted Sequence Capture Provides Insight into Genome Structure and Genetics of Male Sterility in a Gynodioecious Diploid Strawberry,Fragaria vescassp.bracteata(Rosaceae)
Authors: Tennessen Jacob A , Govindarajulu Rajanikanth , Liston Aaron , Ashman Tia-Lynn 
Published: June 2013

AbstractGynodioecy is a sexual system wherein females coexist with hermaphrodites. It is of interest not only because male-sterile plants are advantageous in plant breeding but also because it can be a crucial step in the evolutionary transition to entirely separate sexes (dioecy) from a hermaphroditic ancestor. The gynodioecious diploid wild strawberry, Fragaria vesca ssp. bracteata (Rosaceae), is a member of a clade with both dioecious and cultivated species, making it an ideal model in which to study the genetics of male sterility. To create a genetic map of F. v. ssp. bracteata, we identified informative polymorphisms from genomic sequencing (3−5x coverage) of two outbred plants from the same population. Using targeted enrichment, we sequenced 200 bp surrounding each of 6575 polymorphisms in 48 F1 offspring, yielding genotypes at 98% of targeted sites with mean coverage &gt;100x, plus more than 600-kb high-coverage nontargeted sequence. With the resulting linkage map of 7802 stringently filtered markers (5417 targeted), we assessed recombination rates and genomic incongruities. Consistent with past work in strawberries, male sterility is dominant, segregates 1:1, and maps to a single location in the female. Further mapping an additional 55 offspring places male sterility in a gene-dense, 338-kb region of chromosome 4. The region is not syntenic with the sex-determining regions in the closely related octoploids, F. chiloensis and F. virginiana, suggesting either independent origins or translocation. The 57 genes in this region do not include protein families known to control male sterility and thus suggest alternate mechanisms for the suppression of male function.
Microarray Comparison of Anterior and PosteriorDrosophilaWing Imaginal Disc Cells Identifies Novel Wing Genes
Authors: Ibrahim Daniel M , Biehs Brian , Kornberg Thomas B , Klebes Ansgar 
Published: June 2013

AbstractSignaling between cells in the anterior (A) and posterior (P) compartments directs Drosophila wing disc development and is dependent on expression of the homeodomain transcription factor Engrailed (En) in P cells. Downstream of en, posteriorly expressed Hedgehog (Hh) protein signals across the A/P border to establish a developmental organizer that directs pattern formation and growth throughout the wing primordium. Here we extend investigations of the processes downstream of en by using expression array analysis to compare A and P cells. A total of 102 candidate genes were identified that express differentially in the A and P compartments; four were characterized: Stubble (Sb) expression is restricted to A cells due to repression by en. CG15905, CG16884; CG10200/hase und igel (hui) are expressed in A cells downstream of Hh signaling; and RNA interference for hui, Stubble, and CG16884 revealed that each is essential to wing development.
Nanoscale Blended MnO2Nanoparticles in Electro-polymerized Polypyrrole Conducting Polymer for Energy Storage in Supercapacitors
Authors: Sidhu Navjot K , Rastogi A.C. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTPolypyrrole (pPy) conducting polymer films embedded with MnO2nanoparticles have been synthesized by electrochemical polymerization and anodic oxidation processes. MnO2nanoparticles coexist in the hydrated Mn(II) and Mn(IV) states and undergo valence state change along side pPy anion doping-dedoping contributing to the system pseudocapacitance. Increased density of sequestered MnO2nanoparticles in pPy significantly improves charge storage properties as shown by increased electrodic specific capacitance from 200 to 620 Fg-1based on cyclic voltammetry studies. MnO2nanoparticle dispersion in open porous pPy microstructure is affected by current density in excess of 4 mA.cm-2used in synthesis and results in MnO2particle agglomeration that excludes open surface access reducing specific capacitance. Charge-discharge studies show stable capacitance retention for ∼1000 cycles. The redox performance of MnO2-pPy composite electrodes is suitable for application in the high energy density supercapacitors.
Controllable Synthesis of Different Bismuth Ferrites by a PVA Modified Hydrothermal Method and Photocatalytic Characterization
Authors: Tong Tong , Jin Dengren , Cheng Jinrong 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTBismuth ferrites crystallites were synthesized by a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) modified hydrothermal method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicated that the pure phase of Bi25FeO40, BiFeO3 and Bi2Fe4O9 were synthesized with initial Bi/Fe ratio of 1:1 at the temperature of 200°C for 24 h, using NaOH concentration of 2, 5 and 10 M, respectively. With addition of PVA, the individual Bi-Fe oxides could be existed in a more wide range of processing parameters. The phase evolution of bismuth ferrites in the process of hydrothermal reactions was discussed. Moreover, photocatalytic properties of the bismuth ferrites crystallites were explored. The results showed that they possessed band gaps of about 2.0 eV and performed good degradation effect at visible light region.