bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Body satisfaction and time spent on physical activity in Polish students
Authors: Olchowska-Kotala Agnieszka , Chromik Krystyna 
Published: February 2014

PurposeThe aim of this study was to assess the relationship between body satisfaction, the amount of time spent on physical activity (PA), and body mass index (BMI) in a group of young adults.MethodsA sample of 527 students (351 females and 176 males) aged 19-24 years were recruited for analysis. Measures of height and weight were collected. Participants completed a questionnaire about PA performed during the previous seven days, intention of increasing PA levels, overall body satisfaction, their ideal BMI, and what parts of their bodies they were most dissatisfied with.ResultsBody satisfaction was associated with the amount of time spent on PA in both women and men. No relationship between time spent on PA and BMI was found. In women, lower levels of PA, lower body satisfaction, and a larger discrepancy between actual BMI and ideal BMI was observed when compared with men. The majority of women (85.7%) as well as men (78.4%) intended to increase their PA in the near future.ConclusionsBody satisfaction grows together with increasing the amount of time spent on PA. Young adults are aware of the benefits of PA, but there is a gap between knowledge and practice, highlighting the need for programs that can motivate and educate on how to turn intentions into action. Along with promoting PA, focus on body satisfaction especially among women is also recommended.
Age dependence of thermal imaging analysis of body surface temperature in women after cryostimulation
Authors: Dębiec-Bąk Agnieszka , Gruszka Katarzyna , Sobiech Krzysztof A. , Skrzek Anna 
Published: February 2014

PurposeThe aim of the study was to analyse changes in body surface temperature after a cryostimulation session in women of two different age groups.MethodsThe study included 21 female university students aged 21 ± 1.8 years and 15 middle-aged women aged 57.8 ± 3.6 years. All participants were subjected to the effects of extreme low temperature in a cryogenic chamber at -120˚C for 3 min. Body surface temperature measures were taken before and immediately after treatment by a thermal imaging camera. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the captured thermographic images was performed for 12 anterior and posterior body areas in the standing position.ResultsDifferences in body surface temperature were found between both age groups prior to the cryostimulation treatment. Temperatures ranged from 29.55° C to 33.49° C in the younger group and 30.45° C and 32.70° C in the older group for the same body areas. Lower temperatures were observed in the older subject group for all analysed areas. After cryostimulation, greater body cooling was observed in the younger group particularly in the lower limbs. The greatest temperature reduction in both groups was observed in the lower limbs, dropping a maximum of 6.31° C, whereas the lowest variation in temperature was observed in the shoulder area by approximately 2° C.ConclusionsThe results of the study showed varied distribution of body surface temperature in both age groups. Lower temperatures of the trunk and shoulders were observed in older women compared with the younger women. Greater body cooling following cryostimulation was observed in the group of younger women particularly in the area of the lower limbs.
Power production during bench press with different ranges of motion on stable and unstable surfaces
Authors: Zemková Erika , Jeleň Michal , Ollé Gábor , Vilman Tomáš , Hamar Dušan 
Published: February 2014

PurposeThe study compared power during concentric-only and countermovement (CM) bench press with different ranges of motion (ROM) on a stable and unstable surface.MethodsA group of 22 fit men performed three repetitions of 1) full ROM concentric-only bench press, 2) full ROM CM bench press, 3) half ROM concentric-only bench press, and 4) half ROM CM bench press, on a bench (stable) and Swiss ball (unstable) at 60% 1RM. The FiTRO Dyne Premium system was used to monitor force and velocity and calculate power. Mean values of power during the acceleration and the entire concentric phases were analyzed.ResultsNo significant differences were found in mean power during concentric-only bench press on the bench and Swiss ball performed at half ROM and full ROM. Likewise, mean power during the concentric phase of half-range CM bench press on the bench and Swiss ball did not differ significantly. However, power values during full-range CM bench press were significantly higher on the bench than on Swiss ball. These differences were even more pronounced for mean power during the acceleration phase of full-range CM bench press on the bench compared with the Swiss ball. Contrary to this, these values did not differ significantly when the barbell was lifted during half ROM bench press on the bench and Swiss ball.ConclusionsPower was significantly lower during full-range CM bench press on the Swiss ball than on the bench, however, values did not differ significantly during stable and unstable half-range CM bench press.
The influence of different Cardan sequences on three-dimensional cycling kinematics
Authors: Sinclair Jonathan , Hebron Jack , Hurst Howard , Taylor Paul 
Published: February 2014

PurposeThree-dimensional (3-D) kinematics are widely utilized to quantify movement in cycling analyses. Three-dimensional angular kinematics are obtained using the Euler/Cardan technique, however, Cardan angles are influenced by their ordered sequence and may affect the resultant angular parameters. An XYZ sequence of rotations is currently recommended, although this technique may not always be appropriate when coronal and transverse plane angles are quantified. This study aimed to determine the influence of the six available Cardan sequences on 3-D lower extremity kinematics during cycling.MethodsKinematic information was obtained from twelve cyclists using an optoelectronic 3-D motion capture system operating at 250 Hz. Repeated measures ANOVAs were used to compare the kinematic parameters obtained using the six Cardan sequences, and intraclass correlations were employed to detect the presence of crosstalk across planes.ResultsThe results show that discrete kinematic parameters in the sagittal, coronal and transverse planes were significantly greater when using the YXZ and ZXY sequences. It was also observed that these sequences were associated with the strongest correlations from the sagittal plane and also exhibited evidence of gimbal lock.ConclusionsThe results suggest that the accurate representation of 3-D kinematics during cycling should continue utilizing the XYZ sequence and avoid the use of the YXZ and ZXY sequences.
Lactate and glucose concentrations in assessing anaerobic capacity in an elite junior swimmer – a case study
Authors: Makar Piotr , Bielec Grzegorz 
Published: February 2014

PurposeThe aim of the study was to assess lactate and glucose concentrations as indicators of anaerobic capacity in a highlyranked female junior swimmer.MethodsTen trials of a 5 × 200 m backstroke step test were performed between December 2008 and July 2011. Each trial was video-recorded and blood samples were drawn from the ear lobe 1 min after completion of each step to measure lactate and glucose concentrations.ResultsDuring maximal effort, lactate concentrations of 5.1 to 13.1 mmol • l<sup>-1</sup> were recorded, while glucose concentration varied from 6.6 to 8.1 mmol • l<sup>-1</sup>. Correlations between lactate and glucose concentrations were significant in most tests. The shape of lactate and glucose curves revealed an improvement in the swimmer’s endurance ability during subsequent tests.ConclusionsAnalysis of fluctuations in lactate and glucose concentrations appears to be a relevant indicator of the anaerobic capacity of experienced swimmers.
Birds as disseminators of ixodid ticks and tick-borne pathogens: note on the relevance to migratory routes
Authors: Hornok Sándor , Karcza Zsolt , Csörgő Tibor 
Published: February 2014

Absract
It has been a long studied issue, that birds are frequently infested with ixodid ticks, and consequently play a significant role in disseminating tick-borne pathogens (especially during their seasonal migration) and influence the epidemiology of relevant diseases. In connection with the first Hungarian molecular epidemiological survey on this topic the authors would like to note, that a new, ornithological aspect of similar researches may deserve future attention. Ticks removed from mid- and long-distance migratory birds and the tick-borne pathogens they may contain can be molecularly identified (i.e. with sequencing certain genes), and their sequences could be compared with others internationally available (deposited in the GenBank). This may provide clues for determining the place or country where the bird most likely acquired its tick-infestation, and thus for the probable route of seasonal migration.
“IMITATE ME”: INTERPRETING IMITATION IN 1 CORINTHIANS IN RELATION TO IGNATIUS OF ANTIOCH
Authors: Drake Williams H. H. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTSeveral times within 1 Corinthians Paul encourages the Corinthians to imitate him. These are found at critical junctures in the epistle in 1 Corinthians 4:16 and 11:1. The meaning of these sections is in question from the perspective of Corinthian scholars. Several believe that Paul is appealing to apostolic power and authority to coerce the Corinthians to obey him, whereas others find him responding to social situations. This is different from the way that imitation and discipleship are presented within the writings of Ignatius of Antioch. Pauline ideas, specifically those from 1 Corinthians, are known to have influenced Ignatius of Antioch’s writing, and thus Ignatius’ ideas about imitation are likely to reflect the meaning that Paul intended. Ignatius specifically speaks about imitation and discipleship in several places: Ign. Eph. 1, 2, 4; 3:1-3, Ign. Magn. 4:1; 5:1-2; 9:1-6, Ign. Rom. 3:1-2; 6, 3, 1. When these passages are considered, imitation involves suffering and possibly martyrdom. Imitation is also connected to the cross of Christ and is not a means to enforce superiority. Ignatius’ view of imitation would contradict the opinions of some scholars who see Paul’s injunction for imitation as a claim for power. It also supplies more information to the idea than those who claim that it is simply a counter example to the social situation.
Biosensors containing acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase as recognition tools for detection of various compounds
Authors: Pohanka Miroslav 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAcetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) are enzymes expressed in the human body under physiological conditions. AChE is an important part of the cholinergic nerves where it hydrolyses neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Both cholinesterases are sensitive to inhibitors acting as neurotoxic compounds. In analytical applications, the enzymes can serve as a biorecognition element in biosensors as well as simple disposable sensors (dipsticks) and be used for assaying the neurotoxic compounds. In the present review, the mechanism of AChE and BChE inhibition by disparate compounds is explained and methods for assaying the enzymes activity are shown. Optical, electrochemical, and piezoelectric biosensors are described. Attention is also given to the application of sol-gel techniques and quantum dots in the biosensors’ construction. Examples of the biosensors are provided and the pros and cons are discussed.
Experimental research made during a city cycle on the feasibility of electrically charged SI engines
Authors: Kocsis Levente , Burnete Nicolae 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe paper presents experimental research on performance improvements in a city cycle (operating mostly transient) of a compact class vehicle equipped with a turbocharged SI engine which had attached an electric charger, to improve engine response at low operational speeds. During tests, functional parameters, energy consumption of the electric charger and vehicle performances were measured while driving in two operating conditions: with active and inactive electric charger. The tests were carried out on a well-defined path, in the same driving style, by the same driver.
The Domestication of Luxury in Social Theory
Authors: Schrage Dominik 
Published: February 2014

Abstract During the establishment of modern society, luxury consumption played an important role as a symbolic reference for status comparison across class boundaries. But luxury has lost in contemporary sociology the theoretical importance it had in classical sociology. This article develops a historicosociological explanation for this situation. In a first section, it debates on luxury in the 18th century, in which changing evaluations are interpreted in the context of broader semantic changes reflecting the ‘de-traditionalisation’ of social structure. Then selected conceptualisations of luxury in classical sociological approaches, including that of Sombart, Simmel, and Veblen are discussed. These classical accounts are the main reference for common sociological concepts of luxury. They also provide a context for understanding the differences between European and US American social structure and semantics. In the last two sections, the argument that the consumer behaviour of elite members lost the key social function it had in 18th and 19th centuries because of the advent of mass consumption, mass media, and the cultural dominance of middle class consumer habits which were observed first in the US. As a result, then, the attention of sociological research now lies on the more subtle distinctions within the highly differentiated stratum of the middle class. At the same time, material and behavioural patterns of luxury are displayed not by concrete members of a group of the super-rich, but virtually in a mass media based celebrity system, leaving the rich more and more out of the sight of sociological observation.
SCALAR DAMAGE VARIABLE DETERMINED IN THE UNIAXIAL AND TRIAXIAL COMPRESSION CONDITIONS OF SANDSTONE SAMPLES
Authors: Cieślik Jerzy 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The article is based on the results of uniaxial and triaxial compression tests, performed on Wustenzeller sandstone. An overview of the possible definitions of damage variable describing the process of damage development on the basis of various hypotheses has been presented in the first part of the article. In the main part of the article the author has presented the results of laboratory investigations, where the state of damage and its changes in rock samples under uniaxial and triaxial compression conditions were being observed. Using a modified procedure of triaxial tests, a definition of damage variable, determined on the basis of changes of volumetric stiffness of an examined rock, has been developed. Damage variable defined this way, in relation to a variable determined on the basis of axial stiffness changes, points to some anisotropy effects of damage phenomenon. The results obtained from both methods have been compared whereas the relations determining the evolution of damage variable in the loading process have been established.
THE RECONSTRUCTION OF THE HISTORICAL BUILDING OF THE LATIN SCHOOL IN MALBORK
Authors: Duda Zenon , Kryzia Katarzyna 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The paper summarizes the reconstruction of the historical building erected in the 14th century, during the times of the residence of Grand Master of the Teutonic Order Winrich von Kniprode, currently referred to as the Latin School. It characterizes the location of the Latin School in the urban conservation area of the town of Malbork. The building is situated in the stretch of the buttressed brick escarpment on the Nogat River in the line of the historic defensive walls of Malbork. The paper also outlines the history of this building, constructed and managed by the municipal authorities of Malbork, which for a long time was a seat of a Patronage of Saint George and the Merchant Guild, and next, from the 16th century until 1864, the building housed a school where basic Latin was taught. Next, the situation of this historical monument in the 20th century is discussed. In the next part of the paper, the geological conditions of the site where the building was erected are discussed. The conducted archeological and architectural exploratory research related to the historical building with a particular emphasis on historic preservation and restoration works focusing on the building and its surroundings is presented and analyzed. Currently carried out design, construction and adaptation works allowing new functions to be embedded into this building are also discussed. The paper shows the benefits due to the realization of the reconstruction program of the degraded building of the Latin school in the historic quarter of the town. These activities are aimed at the conversion of the currently derelict building by means of embedding new functions into it. There are being designed, among others, an interactive educational center modern library, astronomical observatory, craft museum and multifunctional hall, allowing proper conditions to be created for the development of educational, artistic and tourism related activities in the reconstructed building. The reconstruction of the historical building is a positive response to its deterioration resulting from former activities and it will contribute to the improvement of the quality of cultural life of both local inhabitants and visitors.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF DECONVOLUTION PROCESS IN PRESENCE OF RANDOM NOISE ON THE BASE OF ROCK SALT DEPOSITS FROM “BYTOM ODRZAŃSKI” AREA
Authors: Kawalec-Latała Ewa 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
A number of synthetic pseudoacoustic impedance sections are presented in order to test the effectiveness of deconvolution process when random noise distorted the seismic traces. A simplified seismological model is created on the basis of geological data from Bytom Odrzański area in NW part of the Legnica-Głogów Copper District (LGOM). The synthetic sections are constructed for different noise levels. Acoustic impedance is one of the basic factors characterising physical features of rocks. The main idea is the inversion of seismic sections into pseudoacoustic impedance sections. All inhomogeneities of salt deposits must be predicted before the underground storage location is fixed. The accuracy and reliability of interpretation decreases when the noise in seismic data increases. It should be realised that the inversion procedure is not a unique process. So, modelling pseudoacoustic impedance sections is recommended for verification of the effectiveness of deconvolution process for the accuracy and reliability interpretation.
HORIZONTAL DRAINS AS EFFECTIVE MEASURE FOR LANDSLIDE REMEDIATION
Authors: Kopecký Miloslav , Ondrášik Martin , Antolová Darina 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Decrease of groundwater table level or decrease of buoyancy effects of groundwater is one of the most important landslide remediation measures. In Slovakia as well as in the world the horizontal drainage boreholes are often used for the landslide remediation. The article describes 40 years’ experience with use of the horizontal drainage boreholes in Slovakia, particularly in terms of their effectiveness and long-term functionality.
RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BEARING CAPACITY OF LAYERED SOILS USING HIGH DIMENSIONAL MODEL REPRESENTATION (HDMR)
Authors: Suska Michał , Puła Wojciech 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
HDMR (High Dimensional Model Representation) is a relatively new method that is used to form response surface based on results obtained through laboratory experiments or through numerical calculations. So far the method has been used mainly in chemistry, although a few studies conducted in recent years show that it can be considered a useful tool in soil mechanics and foundation engineering. The subject matter of this paper is the application of HDMR method to reliability assessment of bearing capacity of layered soils. Madej’s method, widely recognized and used by Polish engineers, is applied to conduct the calculations. In the analysed case bearing capacity is not expressed by means of an explicit formula. To fit the approximate functions of bearing capacity, its values are calculated on a grid of points equally spread on ranges of variables. Finding the relation between input and output data is conducted by means of assessing each variable’s influence on response’s mean value within a given scope. Approximate functions have been used to calculate reliability indices by means of FORM, SORM and Monte Carlo methods.
EXAMPLE BUILDING DAMAGE CAUSED BY MINING EXPLOITATION IN DISTURBED ROCK MASS
Authors: Florkowska Lucyna 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Issues concerning protection of buildings against the impact of underground coal mining pose significant scientific and engineering challenges. In Poland, where mining is a potent and prominent industry assuring domestic energy security, regions within reach of mining influences are plenty. Moreover, due to their industrial character they are also densely built-up areas. Because minerals have been extracted on an industrial scale in majority of those areas for many years, the rock mass structure has been significantly disturbed. Hence, exploitation of successive layers of multi-seam deposits might cause considerable damage - both in terms of surface and existing infrastructure networks. In the light of those facts, the means of mining and building prevention have to be improved on a regular basis. Moreover, they have to be underpinned by reliable analyses holistically capturing the comprehensive picture of the mining, geotechnical and constructional situation of structures. Scientific research conducted based on observations and measurements of mining-induced strain in buildings is deployed to do just that.
Presented in this paper examples of damage sustained by buildings armed with protection against mining influences give an account of impact the mining exploitation in disturbed rock mass can have. This paper is based on analyses of mining damage to church and Nursing Home owned by Evangelical Augsburg Parish in Bytom-Miechowice. Neighbouring buildings differ in the date they were built, construction, building technology, geometry of the building body and fitted protection against mining damage. Both the buildings, however, have sustained lately significant deformation and damage caused by repeated mining exploitation.
Selected damage has been discussed hereunder. The structures have been characterised, their current situation and mining history have been outlined, which have taken their toll on character and magnitude of damage. Description has been supplemented with photographic documentation.
TRIPLE-DIFFUSIVE CONVECTION IN WALTERS’ (MODEL B’) FLUID WITH VARYING GRAVITY FIELD SATURATING A POROUS MEDIUM
Authors: Kango S.K. , Rana G.C. , Chand Ramesh 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The Triple-Diffusive convection in Walters’ (Model B') fluid with varying gravity field is considered in the presence of uniform vertical magnetic field in porous medium. For the case of stationary convection, the magnetic field, varying gravity field and the stable solute gradients have stabilizing effects whereas the medium permeability has destabilizing (or stabilizing) effect on the system under certain conditions. A linear stability analysis theory and normal mode analysis method have been carried out to study the onset convection. The kinematic viscoelasticity has no effect on the stationary convection. The solute gradients, magnetic field, varying gravity field, porosity and kinematic viscoelasticity introduce oscillatory modes in the system, which were non-existent in their absence. The sufficient conditions for the non-existence of overstability are also obtained. The results are also shown graphically.