bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Testicular dysgenesis/regression without campomelic dysplasia in patients carrying missense mutations and upstream deletion of SOX9
Authors: Katoh‐Fukui Yuko , Igarashi Maki , Nagasaki Keisuke , Horikawa Reiko , Nagai Toshiro , Tsuchiya Takayoshi , Suzuki Erina , Miyado Mami , Hata Kenichiro , Nakabayashi Kazuhiko , Hayashi Keiko , Matsubara Yoichi , Baba Takashi , Morohashi Ken‐ichirou , Igarashi Arisa , Ogata Tsutomu , Takada Shuji , Fukami Maki 
Published: July 2015

AbstractSOX9 haploinsufficiency underlies campomelic dysplasia (CD) with or without testicular dysgenesis. Current understanding of the phenotypic variability and mutation spectrum of SOX9 abnormalities remains fragmentary. Here, we report three patients with hitherto unreported SOX9 abnormalities. These patients were identified through molecular analysis of 33 patients with 46,XY disorders of sex development (DSD). Patients 1–3 manifested testicular dysgenesis or regression without CD. Patients 1 and 2 carried probable damaging mutations p.Arg394Gly and p.Arg437Cys, respectively, in the SOX9 C‐terminal domain but not in other known 46,XY DSD causative genes. These substitutions were absent from ~120,000 alleles in the exome database. These mutations retained normal transactivating activity for the Col2a1 enhancer, but showed impaired activity for the Amh promoter. Patient 3 harbored a maternally inherited ~491 kb SOX9 upstream deletion that encompassed the known 32.5 kb XY sex reversal region. Breakpoints of the deletion resided within nonrepeat sequences and were accompanied by a short‐nucleotide insertion. The results imply that testicular dysgenesis and regression without skeletal dysplasia may be rare manifestations of SOX9 abnormalities. Furthermore, our data broaden pathogenic SOX9 abnormalities to include C‐terminal missense substitutions which lead to target‐gene‐specific protein dysfunction, and enhancer‐containing upstream microdeletions mediated by nonhomologous end‐joining.
FAM170B, a novel acrosomal protein involved in fertilization in mice
Authors: Li Yuchi , Lin Shouren , Luo Manling , Guo Huan , Chen Jianbo , Ma Qian , Gu Yanli , Jiang Zhimao , Gui Yaoting 
Published: July 2015

SUMMARYThe acrosome is a specialized organelle that covers the anterior region of the sperm nucleus, and plays an essential role in mammalian fertilization. Although acrosome biogenesis is an important aspect of spermiogenesis, the molecular mechanism that regulates this event remains unknown. In the present study, we identified a novel gene, Fam170b (family with sequence similarity 170, member B), exclusively expressed in mouse testes. Fam170b expression first started at postnatal week 3, and increased in an age‐dependent manner until plateauing in adulthood. Immunofluorescence staining revealed its enrichment in round spermatids, and redistribution to a perinuclear spot adjacent to the Golgi and the acrosome of elongating spermatids and spermatozoa; this localization was shared between mouse and human spermatozoa. Anti‐FAM170B antibody was remarkably found to inhibit murine in vitro fertilization, specifically blocking the acrosome reaction. We further determined that FAM170B interacts with GOPC (Golgi‐associated PDZ and coiled‐coil motif containing protein) during acrosome formation, as verified by immunofluorescence and co‐immunoprecipitation assays. Thus, we document the expression and function for the endogenous acrosomal protein FAM170B during spermiogenesis and fertilization. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 82: 787–796, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A rapid simulation of nano‐particle transport in a two‐dimensional human airway using POD/Galerkin reduced‐order models
Authors: Nguyen N. H. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryAn approach is proposed for the rapid prediction of nano‐particle transport and deposition in the human airway, which requires the solution of both the Navier–Stokes and advection–diffusion equations and for which computational efficiency is a challenge. The proposed method builds low‐order models that are representative of the fully coupled equations by means of the Galerkin projection and proper orthogonal decomposition technique. The obtained reduced‐order models (ROMs) are a set of ordinary differential equations for the temporal coefficients of the basis functions. The numerical results indicate that the ROMs are highly efficient for the computation (the speedup factor is approximately 3 × 103) and have reasonable accuracy compared with the full model (relative error of ≈7 × 10−3). Using ROMs, the deposition of particles is studied for 1≤dn≤100 nm, where dn is the diameter of a nano‐particle. The effectiveness of this approach is promising for applications of health risk assessment. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Body mass index and all‐cause mortality in patients with hypertension
Authors: Xu Wenxin , Shubina Maria , Goldberg Saveli I. , Turchin Alexander 
Published: July 2015

ObjectiveTo characterize the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and all‐cause mortality among adults with hypertension.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of adults with hypertension from The Health Improvement Network primary care research database in the United Kingdom. Mortality rates within each BMI category were compared after adjustment for age, sex, pre existing medical conditions, smoking, alcohol use, and socioeconomic status.ResultsDuring a median follow‐up period of 8.0 years, 34,354 deaths occurred (8.8%) among the 388,724 study patients. In multivariable analysis that included interaction terms between smoking, heavy alcohol use, preexisting cardiovascular disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and BMI category to account for these conditions' association with increased mortality at lower BMI levels, a U‐shaped relationship was observed between BMI and mortality, with no difference in mortality in overweight (25.0–29.9 kg/m2) versus normal (18.5–24.9 kg/m2) BMI (risk ratio 1.00, 95% confidence interval 0.95 to 1.04,P = 0.80). In multivariable analysis that used narrower BMI categories, lowest mortality was observed between BMI of 23.0 and 26.9 kg/m2.ConclusionsPatients with hypertension who have no history of smoking, heavy alcohol use, cardiovascular disease, or COPD have lowest mortality between BMI of 23.0 and 26.9 kg/m2.
Group dynamics are associated with weight loss in the behavioral treatment of obesity
Authors: Nackers Lisa M. , Dubyak Pamela J. , Lu Xiaomin , Anton Stephen D. , Dutton Gareth R. , Perri Michael G. 
Published: July 2015

ObjectiveTo assess whether group dynamics are associated with weight loss, session attendance, and self‐monitoring adherence after 6 months of lifestyle intervention for obesity.MethodsWomen with obesity (N = 125; mean ± SD BMI = 37.84 ± 3.94 kg/m2; age =  51.99 ± 10.81 years) participated in a 24‐week group‐based lifestyle weight loss intervention and achieved a weight loss of 9.13 ± 7.15 kg after 6 months. Participants reported their perceptions of group conflict, avoidance, engagement, social support, and attraction at the end of treatment. Multiple regression with forward selection assessed which group dynamic variables were associated with weight loss, attendance, and adherence.ResultsGreater perceived group conflict was associated with smaller weight losses (β = 1.833, P = 0.044) and lower attendance (β = −2.313, P = 0.002) and adherence rates (β = −2.261, P = 0.030). Higher group attraction was associated with higher attendance rates (β = 0.051, P = 0.039). The association between perceived conflict and weight change was mediated by attendance and adherence (P = 0.019).ConclusionsFindings demonstrate that group dynamics associate with weight loss outcomes, attendance, and adherence. Addressing conflicts and fostering acceptance among group members may promote success in group‐based lifestyle interventions for obesity.
Hold Your Fire: Did the 1996 Federal Gun Control Act Expansion Reduce Domestic Homicides?
Authors: Raissian Kerri M. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn 1996, Congress expanded the federal Gun Control Act (GCA) to prohibit defendants convicted of a qualifying domestic violence misdemeanor from possessing or purchasing a firearm. Using the FBI's Supplementary Homicide Reports along with homicide data collected from selected state law enforcement agencies, I investigate if this expansion was successful in reducing homicides among the target groups. I use variation from a legal loophole and a series of circuit court decisions to generate difference‐in‐differences estimates. I find evidence that the GCA expansion led to 17 percent fewer gun‐related homicides among female intimate partner victims and 31 percent fewer gun homicides among male domestic child victims. The law also has protective benefits for those that were not targeted by the legislation. “Other” family members (parents and siblings) also experience a 24 percent reduction in gun homicides. I find no evidence that reductions in gun homicides were offset by an increase in nongun homicides. While most falsification and robustness tests support the above conclusions, some tests suggest caution when interpreting the results and a need for further research.
Impact of radiative‐heat transfer on photovoltaic module temperature
Authors: Weiss Lucas , Amara Mohamed , Ménézo Christophe 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe prediction and the optimization of the energy production of a photovoltaic (PV) module require a good knowledge of its optical, electrical, and thermal behavior. We build a complete multi‐physics model able to describe the behaviors of a PV module depending on the environmental conditions (ambient temperature, wind speed, total irradiance, and installation conditions). The model treats radiation heat transfer in participating media. This feature reveals the limits of the commonly used modeling. It also opens new possibilities on improvement of the PV module yield and may influence the design strategy. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structure of a designed tetrahedral protein assembly variant engineered to have improved soluble expression
Authors: Bale Jacob B. , Park Rachel U. , Liu Yuxi , Gonen Shane , Gonen Tamir , Cascio Duilio , King Neil P. , Yeates Todd O. , Baker David 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe recently reported the development of a computational method for the design of coassembling multicomponent protein nanomaterials. While four such materials were validated at high‐resolution by X‐ray crystallography, low yield of soluble protein prevented X‐ray structure determination of a fifth designed material, T33‐09. Here we report the design and crystal structure of T33‐31, a variant of T33‐09 with improved soluble yield resulting from redesign efforts focused on mutating solvent‐exposed side chains to charged amino acids. The structure is found to match the computational design model with atomic‐level accuracy, providing further validation of the design approach and demonstrating a simple and potentially general means of improving the yield of designed protein nanomaterials.
Insights into vaccine development for acquired immune deficiency syndrome from crystal structures of human immunodeficiency virus‐1 gp41 and equine infectious anemia virus gp45
Authors: Duan Liangwei , Du Jiansen , Liu Xinqi 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAn effective vaccine against acquired immune deficiency syndrome is still unavailable after dozens of years of striving. The glycoprotein gp41 of human immunodeficiency virus is a good candidate as potential immunogen because of its conservation and relatively low glycosylation. As a reference of human immunodeficiency virus gp41, gp45 from equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) could be used for comparison because both wild‐type and vaccine strain of EIAV have been extensively studied. From structural studies of these proteins, the conformational changes during viral invasion could be unveiled, and a more effective acquired immune deficiency syndrome vaccine immunogen might be designed based on this information.
Evaluation of bifenthrin barrier spray on foliage in a suburban eastern North Carolina neighborhood
Authors: VanDusen Amberlynne E , Richards Stephanie L , Balanay Jo Anne G 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDMosquitoes can transmit pathogens through blood feeding. Mosquito control programs conduct surveillance and source reduction, treat mosquito oviposition sites and spray adulticides to protect public health. In some areas, homeowners may contract with private mosquito control companies to address mosquito‐related issues.RESULTSWe evaluated the efficacy of barrier sprays by comparing weekly host‐seeking mosquito abundance at treatment and control properties in a residential neighborhood. The chemical concentration of bifenthrin residue on foliage was quantified, and field‐collected mosquitoes, primarily Aedes albopictus, were tested for bifenthrin resistance using bottle bioassays. Mosquito abundance at treatment properties was significantly (P < 0.05) lower than at control properties. Quantities of bifenthrin detected on foliage from treatment properties was not correlated with mosquito abundance. No bifenthrin resistance was detected in captured mosquitoes.CONCLUSIONBased on the rate of application, we expected that chemical analysis of bifenthrin residue would show similar concentrations of bifenthrin on foliage in treatment areas. Although mosquitoes were not bifenthrin resistant, further studies are needed to evaluate the extent to which resistance changes over time with repeated applications. Findings from this study provide insight into control methods commonly used by mosquito control companies and could potentially be used to guide future mosquito management strategies. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Fracture strength of restorations in proximal cavities of primary molars
Authors: Yildiz Esma , Simsek Mine , Pamir Zeynep 
Published: July 2015

SummaryThis study evaluated the fracture strength of various restorative materials for primary molars in dovetail and box‐only class II cavity designs. Eighty extracted noncarious human primary molars were used. The teeth were randomly divided into two groups for either dovetail or box‐only preparations. The teeth were then divided into four subgroups for each restorative material: glass ionomer cement (GIC), resin‐modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC), compomer, and composite. The restorations were tested for fracture strength. The loads at fracture and fracture mode were recorded and a scanning electron microscopy analysis was performed to observe the micromorphology of the borders between the teeth and the materials. The nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U‐tests were used. Although there were significant differences between the restorative materials (p < 0.05), there were no differences between the fracture strength of the box‐only and the dovetail cavity designs in any of the groups (p > 0.05) except the composite group. The fracture strength of the compomer and composite groups was significantly higher than that of the GIC and RMGIC groups (p < 0.05). A class II cavity could be selected as dovetail or box‐only and compomer and composite are more resistant to fracture than GIC and RMGIC. SCANNING 38:43–49, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effectiveness of laser‐assisted irrigation and passive ultrasonic irrigation techniques on smear layer removal in middle and apical thirds
Authors: Ayranci L. B. , Arslan H. , Akcay M. , Capar I. D. , Gok T. , Saygili G. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to investigate the evaluation of laser‐assisted irrigation (LAI) on the removal of the smear layer as compared to passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI). Forty‐eight single‐rooted, upper‐central incisor teeth were selected and prepared with ProTaper rotary instruments up to size #40 (F4) at the working lengths. Specimens were divided into four groups, as follows: (a) PUI with 5 mL of 2.5% NaOCl for 60 s; (b) PUI with 2.5 mL of 17% EDTA and 2.5 mL of 2.5% NaOCl each for 30 s; (c) LAI with 5 mL of 2.5% NaOCl for 60 s; and (d) LAI with 2.5 mL of 17% EDTA and 2.5 mL of 2.5% NaOCl each for 30 s. In the PUI groups, the ultrasonically activated file was inserted 1 mm short of the working length, but in the LAI groups, the fiber tip was applied into the pulp chamber. LAI in the pulp chamber with the combination of 17% EDTA and 2.5% NaOCl removed more of the smear layer than the other groups (p < 0.018). LAI in the pulp chamber with the combination of 2.5% NaOCl and 17% EDTA better removed the smear layer than LAI applied similarly but without EDTA or PUI with the same NaOCl and EDTA combinations using an ultrasonically activated file inserted 1 mm short of the working length. SCANNING 38:121–127, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Independent directors' dissent on boards: Evidence from listed companies in China
Authors: Ma Juan , Khanna Tarun 
Published: July 2015

Research summary: Although opinion conformity is believed to be commonly used by corporate elites to invoke reciprocity, it is hard to study in the context of corporate boards since boards are typically “black boxes.” Focusing on publicly traded companies in China, where disclosure of dissent is mandated, we show that dissent is associated with a breakdown of the social exchange relationship within boards. Specifically, dissent is more likely to occur when the board chair who appointed the independent director has left the board, or when the board “game” is reaching its last round, defined as a 60‐day window before departure of the board chair or the director herself. Our findings lend considerable support to conceptualization of boards as a social exchange device.Managerial summary: With a novel dataset from China we ask the question of whether the social norm of reciprocity compromises independent directors' decisions. Our results lend considerable support to the hypothesis that independent directors would generally defer to top management as they feel indebted for being offered a director position and in exchange independent directors provide support. We identified two instances in which independent directors are more likely to dissent due to a breakdown of social exchange relationships: (1) when the board chair who appointed the independent director has left the board, and (2) when the board “game” was reaching its last round, that is, either the board chair or the director herself is leaving the board. © 2015 The Authors. Strategic Management Journal published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ECQA Governance SPICE assessor skills for evaluating integrated risk management scenarios
Authors: Ivanyos János , Sándor‐Kriszt Éva 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe term of ‘scenario’ is used for systematically considering integrated risk management aspects of enterprise governance practices implemented at operational and organizational levels. These considerations are focusing on the customized design and continuous improvement of governance objectives, processes and practices enabling the achievement of the concerning enterprise goals. Professionals having been acquiring and evidencing their Governance SPICE Assessor skills are able to provide unique consulting and assurance services for enterprises in optimizing the effects of uncertainties on governance objectives by assessing and evaluating capability of enterprise governance processes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genome-Wide MicroRNA and Gene Analysis of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Chondrogenesis Identifies an Essential Role and Multiple Targets for miR-140-5p
Authors: Barter Matt J. , Tselepi Maria , Gómez Rodolfo , Woods Steven , Hui Wang , Smith Graham R. , Shanley Daryl P. , Clark Ian M. , Young David A. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are abundantly expressed in development where they are critical determinants of cell differentiation and phenotype. Accordingly miRNAs are essential for normal skeletal development and chondrogenesis in particular. However, the question of which miRNAs are specific to the chondrocyte phenotype has not been fully addressed. Using microarray analysis of miRNA expression during mesenchymal stem cell chondrogenic differentiation and detailed examination of the role of essential differentiation factors, such as SOX9, TGF-β, and the cell condensation phase, we characterize the repertoire of specific miRNAs involved in chondrocyte development, highlighting in particular miR-140 and miR-455. Further with the use of mRNA microarray data we integrate miRNA expression and mRNA expression during chondrogenesis to underline the particular importance of miR-140, especially the -5p strand. We provide a detailed identification and validation of direct targets of miR-140-5p in both chondrogenesis and adult chondrocytes with the use of microarray and 3′UTR analysis. This emphasizes the diverse array of targets and pathways regulated by miR-140-5p. We are also able to confirm previous experimentally identified targets but, additionally, identify a novel positive regulation of the Wnt signaling pathway by miR-140-5p. Wnt signaling has a complex role in chondrogenesis and skeletal development and these findings illustrate a previously unidentified role for miR-140-5p in regulation of Wnt signaling in these processes. Together these developments further highlight the role of miRNAs during chondrogenesis to improve our understanding of chondrocyte development and guide cartilage tissue engineering. Stem Cells 2015;33:3266–3280
Supramolecular Polymerization Engineered with Molecular Recognition
Authors: Haino Takeharu 
Published: July 2015

AbstractSupramolecular polymeric assemblies represent an emerging, promising class of molecular assemblies with enormous versatility compared with their covalent polymeric counterparts. Although a large number of host–guest motifs have been produced over the history of supramolecular chemistry, only a limited number of recognition motifs have been utilized as supramolecular connections in polymeric assemblies. This account describes the molecular recognition of host molecules based on calix[5]arene and bisporphyrin that demonstrate unique guest encapsulations; subsequently, these host–guest motifs are applied to the synthesis of supramolecular polymers that display polymer‐like properties in solution and solid states. In addition, new bisresorcinarenes are developed to form supramolecular polymers that are connected via a rim‐to‐rim hydrogen‐bonded dimeric structure, which is composed of two resorcinarene moieties.
graphic
Differentiation of Drosophila glial cells
Authors: Sasse Sofia , Neuert Helen , Klämbt Christian 
Published: July 2015

Glial cells are important constituents of the nervous system and a hallmark of these cells are their pronounced migratory abilities. In Drosophila, glial lineages have been well described and some of the molecular mechanisms necessary to guide migrating glial cells to their final target sites have been identified. With the onset of migration, glial cells are already specified into one of five main glial cell types. The perineurial and subperineurial glial cells are eventually located at the outer surface of the Drosophila nervous system and constitute the blood–brain barrier. The cortex glial cells ensheath all neuroblasts and their progeny and reside within the central nervous system. Astrocyte‐like cells invade the neuropil to control synaptic function and ensheathing glial cells encase the entire neuropil. Within the peripheral nervous system, wrapping glial cells ensheath individual axons or axon fascicles. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on how differentiation of glial cells into the specific subtypes is orchestrated. Furthermore, we discuss sequencing data that will facilitate further analyses of glial differentiation in the fly nervous system. WIREs Dev Biol 2015, 4:623–636. doi: 10.1002/wdev.198This article is categorized under:

Gene Expression and Transcriptional Hierarchies > Cellular Differentiation
Invertebrate Organogenesis > Flies
Nervous System Development > Flies