bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A case of cutaneous scleroderma with primary sclerosing cholangitis
Authors: P. Nandeesh H. , R. Jeevan H. , Suvarna Deepak , D. Chandra Babu , Suresh Indrajit , J. Subashchandra B. , C. Savitha T. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractSclerosing cholangitis comprises of a spectrum of cholestatic conditions that are characterized by patchy fibrosis, inflammation and destruction of intra hepatic and extrahepatic ducts. We report a case of a 42 year old woman who presented with darkening of skin with yellowish discolouration of the eyes. Clinical examination revealed icterus, taut skin with hepatosplenomegaly. Liver function tests showed a cholestatic picture. Skin biopsy showed features of cutaneous scleroderma. MRCP and Liver biopsy was suggestive of sclerosing cholangitis.
Wetsvoorstel Afwikkeling massaschade in een collectieve actie: ontbrekende schakel of brug te ver?
Authors: van Duin J.M.L. , Lawant R.S.I. 
Published: February 2015

Wetsvoorstel Afwikkeling massaschade in een collectieve actie: ontbrekende schakel of brug te ver?
In deze bijdrage wordt op hoofdlijnen (de belangrijkste kritiek op) het voorontwerp van het wetsvoorstel Afwikkeling massaschade in een collectieve actie besproken, dat op 7 juli 2014 in (internet)consultatie is gegeven. De collectieve schadevergoedingsactie is bedoeld als ontbrekende schakel (‘stok achter de deur’), maar de toegevoegde waarde hiervan is vooral zichtbaar in strooischadezaken. Met de voorgestelde procedure voor alle soorten schade is het voorontwerp een brug te ver, aldus de auteurs.
Automatische gedragsanalyse voor effectiever cameratoezicht in de openbare ruimte
Authors: Bouma Henri , van Rest Jeroen , Burghouts Gertjan , Schutte Klamer , Baan Jan 
Published: February 2015

Automatic behavior analysis for more effective camera surveillance in public places
To improve security in crowded environments, such as airports, shopping malls and railway stations, the number of surveillance cameras (CCTV) is rapidly increasing. However, the number of human operators remains limited and only a selection of the video streams can be observed. This makes it hard for an operator to be proactive. This paper gives an overview of novel developments that may lead to more efficient camera surveillance and a more proactive role for camera operators. It focuses on three main steps in this process of video content analysis: pedestrian tracking, action recognition and behavior analysis. Tracking and re-identification (i.e. recognizing a person in another camera) was initially only evaluated on off-line benchmark datasets, though recently it has gained in maturity with live demonstrations in realistic crowded environments and measured improved operator efficiency. For action recognition and automatic behavior recognition, we observe that the simple patterns, such as loitering detection, are emerging in many applications. Human action recognition obtains very high performance values in controlled environments and it is progressing towards more realistic environments. More advanced approaches, such as pickpocket recognition in a shopping mall and the detection of threats to trucks on a parking lot have been developed and the first systems have been presented in live demonstrations. Our main contribution is that we structure the recent advances and the emerging applications of video analysis for security applications, explain and interpret the results, and identify opportunities for the near future.
Jihadgang naar Syrië: een wetenschappelijke benadering
Authors: Platje Nick 
Published: February 2015

Jihad movement to Syria: a scientific approach
This article describes a qualitative inquiry into Dutch people going to Syria for participating in Jihad. The inquiry compares theoretical findings with empirical facts, based on a content analysis and a document analysis, completed with ten depth-interviews. The results show that a combination of scientific findings on radicalisation and foreign fighters explains the jihad movement to Syria partly. The results also show that some factors, which have not recently be examined scientificly, are crucial for the character and extent of the movement towards Jihad.
Pre-Exposure of Human Adipose Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Soluble Factors Enhances Their Homing to Brain Cancer
Authors: Smith Chris L. , Chaichana Kaisorn L. , Lee Young M. , Lin Benjamin , Stanko Kevin M. , O'Donnell Thomas , Gupta Saksham , Shah Sagar R. , Wang Joanne , Wijesekera Olindi , Delannoy Michael , Levchenko Andre , Quiñones-Hinojosa Alfredo 
Published: February 2015

Abstract

Recent research advances have established mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a promising vehicle for therapeutic delivery. Their intrinsic tropism for brain injury and brain tumors, their lack of immunogenicity, and their ability to breach the blood-brain barrier make these cells an attractive potential treatment of brain disorders, including brain cancer. Despite these advantages, the efficiency of MSC homing to the brain has been limited in commonly used protocols, hindering the feasibility of such therapies. In the present study, we report a reproducible, comprehensive, cell culture-based approach to enhance human adipose-derived MSC (hAMSC) engraftment to brain tumors. We used micro- and nanotechnological tools to systematically model several steps in the putative homing process. By pre-exposing hAMSCs to glioma-conditioned media and the extracellular matrix proteins fibronectin and laminin, we achieved significant enhancements of the individual homing steps in vitro. This homing was confirmed in an in vivo rodent model of brain cancer. This comprehensive, cell-conditioning approach provides a novel method to enhance stem cell homing to gliomas and, potentially, other neurological disorders.
The Lymph Node as a New Site for Kidney Organogenesis
Authors: Francipane Maria Giovanna , Lagasse Eric 
Published: February 2015

Abstract

The shortage of organs for kidney transplantation has created the need to develop new strategies to restore renal structure and function. Given our recent finding that the lymph node (LN) can serve as an in vivo factory to generate or sustain complex structures like liver, pancreas, and thymus, we investigated whether it could also support kidney organogenesis from mouse renal embryonic tissue (metanephroi). Here we provide the first evidence that metanephroi acquired a mature phenotype upon injection into LN, and host cells likely contributed to this process. Urine-like fluid-containing cysts were observed in several grafts 12 weeks post-transplantation, indicating metanephroi transplants' ability to excrete products filtered from the blood. Importantly, the kidney graft adapted to a loss of host renal mass, speeding its development. Thus, the LN might provide a unique tool for studying the mechanisms of renal maturation, cell proliferation, and fluid secretion during cyst development. Moreover, we provide evidence that inside the LN, short-term cultured embryonic kidney cells stimulated with the Wnt agonist R-Spondin 2 gave rise to a monomorphic neuron-like cell population expressing the neuronal 200-kDa neurofilament heavy marker. This finding indicates that the LN might be used to validate the differentiation potential of candidate stem cells in regenerative nephrology.
Proceedings: The SEED Grant Program: A Brief Synopsis of the Outcomes and Impact of CIRM's First Research Initiative
Authors: Shepard Kelly A. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract

Summary
In late 2006, the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (CIRM) launched its first major research initiative to catalyze the nascent field of human embryonic stem cell (hESC) research at a time when federal funding of such studies was severely restricted. This Scientific Excellence through Exploration and Development (SEED) grant program supported a portfolio of scientific endeavors ranging from the most fundamental studies of hESC biology and behavior to exploring the therapeutic potential and value of these cells as tools of biomedical innovation. The SEED program attracted new investigators from all stages of their career into the field of hESC research, many of whom continue to pursue related studies through CIRM's ongoing research and development programs or with the support of other funding organizations. The scientific impact of the SEED grant program can be measured in the scientific publications, disclosures of inventions, and measurable progress toward advancing CIRM's mission and strategic objectives. In addition, CIRM has obtained valuable insights on how grant administration and policy considerations can affect the progress and conduct of scientific programs in a challenging period of both limits and opportunity.
Potential welfare impacts of kill-trapping European moles(Talpa europaea)using scissor traps and Duffus traps: a post mortem examination study
Authors: Baker SE , Shaw RF , Atkinson RPD , West P , Macdonald DW 
Published: February 2015

AbstractMoles are widely trapped as pests on farms and amenity land in Britain. Spring traps for killing mammals generally require welfare approval in the UK, but mole traps are exempt. Previous research demonstrated wide variation in the mechanical performance of mole traps. In this context, we aimed to produce new data on the welfare impact of kill-trapping moles in the field. We collected 50 moles trapped in southern England (November 2008-August 2009). Captures peaked during the peak in male breeding activity, when captures were almost exclusively male. Post mortem and x-ray (radiation) examinations were conducted to determine injuries and likely cause of death. No moles sustained damaged skulls or upper cervical vertebrae (which could cause unconsciousness immediately). The primary identifiable cause of death for all but one mole was acute haemorrhage; this contrasts with the findings of the only previous such study, in which only one mole showed clear evidence of haemorrhaging. Some moles may have asphyxiated although it was not possible to determine this. Moles most likely became unconscious before death, but times to unconsciousness, and death, can be determined only through killing trials and further investigation is urgently needed. This should be done through the spring traps approval process; this could improve the welfare standards of trapping for many thousands of moles each year. Mole trapping for long-term population control might be better targeted after the peak in male breeding activity, when females are more likely to be caught, but this would threaten the welfare of dependent young underground.
The day-to-day management of UK leisure horses and the prevalence of owner-reported stable-related and handling behaviour problems
Authors: Hockenhull J , Creighton E 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWhile concerns regarding the day-to-day management of domestic horses have been raised in relation to behaviour problems and welfare, most published studies have focused on the management of performance horses and less is known about the routine management of leisure horses and the prevalence of behavioural problems within this population. The objective of this study was to generate data on the day-to-day management of UK leisure horses and to quantify the prevalence of stable/stall-related and handling behaviour problems. A self-administered internet survey was used to collect individual horse-level data from a convenience sample of leisure horse owners. The survey was online for a year and respondents were asked to report on their routine over the previous week to minimise recall bias. The survey covered the horses’ stable and turn-out routine and environments, including opportunities for social contact with other horses. Respondents were also asked to rate the frequency their horse displayed 20 stable-related and handling behaviour problems. Data on 1,850 individual horses were collected. Stable-related and handling behaviour problems were displayed by 82% of horses sampled. The findings suggest a trend towards year-round stabling. The restriction in turn-out opportunities may have welfare costs for the horses involved. The high prevalence of stable-related and handling problems, including stereotypies, is a concern.
Pushed to the limit: food abundance determines tag-induced harm in penguins
Authors: Wilson RP , Sala JE , Gómez-Laich A , Ciancio J , Quintana F 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe energetic costs of animal movement change with body condition, although the consequences of this for foraging efficiency are rarely considered. We deployed externally attached devices to Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus), known to increase the costs of swimming via increased drag in a consistent manner, and noted, however, that foraging behaviour and efficiency varied dramatically between years. We used our results to construct an energetics-based model and found that small increases in drag due to the attachment of externally attached tags predicted accelerating harm as prey availability decreased, which accorded with our observations. This explains earlier observations of differential breeding success in tagged versus untagged penguins in particular years, highlights the importance of understanding how animal body condition may affect population processes in general and advocates caution in interpretations of tag-derived data over variable environmental conditions.
Effectiveness of animal health and welfare planning in dairy herds: a review
Authors: Tremetsberger L , Winckler C 
Published: February 2015

AbstractMaintaining and promoting animal health and welfare are important but challenging goals in livestock farming. Animal health and welfare planning aims to contribute to improvements in the herd through interventions in a structured way. This review provides an overview of current scientific approaches to and improvements achieved by health and welfare planning in dairy herds regarding the health and welfare state of the cows, economic effects, and non-monetary benefits to farmers. Implementation of changes in management and housing is based on an assessment of the health and welfare state and relies on the participation of all involved persons. Farm-specific measures of management and housing, high levels of compliance with those measures, continuous review, and prompt adaptation are decisive. Improvements in health and welfare following the use of planning have been shown by several on-farm studies, especially in the context of mastitis and lameness. Studies on health and welfare planning that consider a more comprehensive view of welfare are scarce and the limited evidence available indicates that improvements may be less likely to be achieved. Apart from health and welfare benefits for the animals, economic and non-monetary benefits for the farmers are equally important. Costs of diseases and impaired health are available, while costs and benefits of interventions have been estimated with regard to mastitis and lameness only. Non-monetary factors (eg job satisfaction) have been reported as motivating factors for farmers but have attracted little scientific interest. Further research should focus on welfare aspects that go beyond the most important production diseases and the economic and non-monetary benefits of improving health and welfare in dairy cattle.
The use of judgement bias to assess welfare in farm livestock
Authors: Baciadonna L , McElligott AG 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe development of accurate measures of animal emotions is important for improving and promoting animal welfare. Cognitive bias indicates the effect of emotional states on cognitive processes, such as memory, attention, and judgement. Cognitive bias tests complement existing behavioural and physiological measures for assessing the valence of animal emotions indirectly. The judgement bias test has been used to assess emotional states in non-human animals; mainly in laboratory settings. The aim of this review is to summarise the findings on the use of the judgement bias test approach in assessing emotions in non-human animals, focusing in particular on farm livestock. The evidence suggests that it is possible to manipulate affective states and induce judgement bias effects in farm livestock. In addition, the results support the effectiveness of manipulating environmental variables for inducing negative or positive affective states. However, the evidence from farm livestock does not consistently confirm the directionality of the hypotheses. The use of specific strategies to induce positive or negative judgement bias, such as the manipulation of housing conditions, could account for the inconsistency of findings. The study of cognitive processes related to emotional states in livestock has great potential to advance and improve our understanding of animal welfare.
Behavioural evaluation of analgesic efficacy for pain mitigation in lame sows
Authors: Pairis-Garcia MD , Johnson AK , Stalder KJ , Abell CA , Karriker LA , Coetzee JF , Millman ST 
Published: February 2015

AbstractLameness in breeding swine has a large negative economic impact and is a welfare concern. Pain-related behaviour, such as postural changes, may be used to evaluate the presence and severity of pain in animals. The objective of this work was to determine the effects of flunixin meglumine (FM) and meloxicam (M) on postural changes in lame sows. Lameness was induced in 24 mature sows(Sus scrofa)using a chemical synovitis model. Three treatments were compared: FM (2.2 mg kg−1; n = 24, intramuscular [IM]), M (1.0 mg kg−1; n = 24, by mouth [PO]) and sterile saline (equivalent volume to FM; n = 24 [IM]), administered approximately 28 and 52 h after lameness induction. Behavioural data were collected in the home pen during 12-h periods and quantified using 15-min scan sampling on the day prior to (-24 h; Day-1) through +168 h post lameness induction. Frequency of behaviour was analysed by day using generalised linear mixed model methods. The frequency of standing postures significantly decreased and lying postures increased 24-72 h post lameness induction relative to baseline day. All postures returned to baseline frequencies by +168 h. Meloxicam-treated sows demonstrated lower frequencies of lying postures +48 and +72 h after lameness induction compared to saline-treated sows. Flunixin-treated sows did not differ in lying behaviours compared to saline-treated sows. No differences were noted in standing or sitting postures between treatments. The results of this study suggest that meloxicam mitigates pain sensitivity as demonstrated by higher frequency of standing and lower frequency of lying compared to saline-treated sows.
Re‐Os isotope and platinum group elements of a FOcal ZOne mantle source, Louisville Seamounts Chain, Pacific ocean
Authors: Tejada Maria Luisa G. , Hanyu Takeshi , Ishikawa Akira , Senda Ryoko , Suzuki Katsuhiko , Fitton Godfrey , Williams Rebecca 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe Louisville Seamount Chain (LSC) is, besides the Hawaiian‐Emperor Chain, one of the longest‐lived hotspot traces. We report here the first Re‐Os isotope and platinum group element (PGE) data for Canopus, Rigil, and Burton Guyots along the chain, which were drilled during IODP Expedition 330. The LSC basalts possess (187Os/188Os)i = 0.1245–0.1314 that are remarkably homogeneous and do not vary with age. A Re‐Os isochron age of 64.9 ± 3.2 Ma was obtained for Burton seamount (the youngest of the three seamounts drilled), consistent with 40Ar‐39Ar data. Isochron‐derived initial 187Os/188Os ratio of 0.1272 ± 0.0008, together with data for olivines (0.1271–0.1275), are within the estimated primitive mantle values. This (187Os/188Os)i range is similar to those of Rarotonga (0.124–0.139) and Samoan shield (0.1276–0.1313) basalts and lower than those of Cook‐Austral (0.136–0.155) and Hawaiian shield (0.1283–0.1578) basalts, suggesting little or no recycled component in the LSC mantle source. The PGE data of LSC basalts are distinct from those of oceanic lower crust. Variation in PGE patterns can be largely explained by different low degrees of melting under sulfide‐saturated conditions of the same relatively fertile mantle source, consistent with their primitive mantle‐like Os and primordial Ne isotope signatures. The PGE patterns and the low 187Os/188Os composition of LSC basalts contrast with those of Ontong Java Plateau (OJP) tholeiites. We conclude that the Re‐Os isotope and PGE composition of LSC basalts reflect a relatively pure deep‐sourced common mantle sampled by some ocean island basalts but is not discernible in the composition of OJP tholeiites.
Interhemispheric air temperature phase relationships in the nonlinear Dansgaard‐Oeschger oscillation
Authors: Vettoretti Guido , Peltier W. Richard 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIt has previously been suggested that the Southern Ocean might act as a thermal reservoir in mediating the relationship between the northern and southern hemisphere air temperature signals during a Dansgaard‐Oeschger cycle. On the basis of a climate model‐based analysis, we demonstrate on the contrary that it is equatorial and subtropical North Atlantic thermocline waters that act so as to integrate and damp the northern hemisphere signal to fix the amplitude and phase of the southern hemisphere counterpart to the more intense North Atlantic component of the oscillation. The dynamics of the Southern Ocean component of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation are critical in explaining the evolution of the interhemispheric temperature phase relationships. European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica Dronning Maud Land‐inferred air temperature variations are in phase with sea surface temperatures north of the Antarctic sea ice edge, suggesting that it is via a fast atmospheric pathway that this temperature signal is transmitted into the Antarctic ice core record.
The search for a subsurface ocean in Ganymede with Hubble Space Telescope observations of its auroral ovals
Authors: Saur Joachim , Duling Stefan , Roth Lorenz , Jia Xianzhe , Strobel Darrell F. , Feldman Paul D. , Christensen Ulrich R. , Retherford Kurt D. , McGrath Melissa A. , Musacchio Fabrizio , Wennmacher Alexandre , Neubauer Fritz M. , Simon Sven , Hartkorn Oliver 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe present a new approach to search for a subsurface ocean within Ganymede through observations and modeling of the dynamics of its auroral ovals. The locations of the auroral ovals oscillate due to Jupiter's time‐varying magnetospheric field seen in the rest frame of Ganymede. If an electrically conductive ocean is present, the external time‐varying magnetic field is reduced due to induction within the ocean and the oscillation amplitude of the ovals decreases. Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations show that the locations of the ovals oscillate on average by 2.0° ±1.3°. Our model calculations predict a significantly stronger oscillation by 5.8° ± 1.3° without ocean compared to 2.2°±1.3° if an ocean is present. Because the ocean and the no‐ocean hypotheses cannot be separated by simple visual inspection of individual HST images, we apply a statistical analysis including a Monte Carlo test to also address the uncertainty caused by the patchiness of observed emissions. The observations require a minimum electrical conductivity of 0.09 S/m for an ocean assumed to be located between 150 km and 250 km depth or alternatively a maximum depth of the top of the ocean at 330 km. Our analysis implies that Ganymede's dynamo possesses an outstandingly low quadrupole‐to‐dipole moment ratio. The new technique applied here is suited to probe the interior of other planetary bodies by monitoring their auroral response to time‐varying magnetic fields.