bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reappraisal of the so‐called ‘villous tumours’ of the rectosigmoid, based on histological, immunohistochemical and genotypic features
Authors: Droy-Dupré Laure , Küry Sébastien , Coron Emmanuel , Bézieau Stéphane , Laboisse Christian L , Mosnier Jean-François 
Published: July 2014

BackgroundVillous tumours of the rectosigmoid are historically defined as broad‐based lesions associated with secretory diarrhoea.ObjectiveThis study aimed to perform a reappraisal of these tumours, on the basis of newly introduced histological, immunohistochemical and molecular parameters.MethodsFor this study, 22 villous tumours, diagnosed by endoscopic criteria (19 Paris 0–IIa, three Paris 0–Is), were evaluated according to WHO classification. Microsatellite instability status, KRAS and BRAF mutations, MGMT status of villous tumours and associated invasive carcinoma were determined.ResultsThe 22 villous tumours fell into four groups: 1) nine villous adenomas, 2) six tubulovillous adenomas, 3) three filiform traditional serrated adenomas, and 4) four traditional serrated adenomas with conventional dysplasia. Filiform serrated adenomas displayed a distinctive endoscopic protruding pattern (Paris 0‐Is). Villous adenomas were strongly associated with secretory diarrhoea. All the villous tumours were microsatellite stable. Five tumours exhibited MGMT abnormalities. KRAS mutations were frequent in villous adenomas, whereas BRAF mutations were essentially detected in serrated lesions. Invasive carcinomas (n  = 7) maintained the histopathological and molecular imprint of the prior villous tumour.ConclusionThe rectosigmoid villous tumours are histologically and molecularly heterogeneous, including serrated neoplasias. Endoscopic and clinical findings are predictive of the histopathological diagnosis of some of these distinct entities.
Clinical effect of driver mutations of JAK2, CALR, or MPL in primary myelofibrosis
Authors: Rumi Elisa , Pietra Daniela , Pascutto Cristiana , Guglielmelli Paola , Martínez-Trillos Alejandra , Casetti Ilaria , Colomer Dolors , Pieri Lisa , Pratcorona Marta , Rotunno Giada , Sant’Antonio Emanuela , Bellini Marta , Cavalloni Chiara , Mannarelli Carmela , Milanesi Chiara , Boveri Emanuela , Ferretti Virginia , Astori Cesare , Rosti Vittorio , Cervantes Francisco , Barosi Giovanni , Vannucchi Alessandro M. , Cazzola Mario 
Published: July 2014

Key Points
Patients with PMF may carry JAK2 (V617F), a CALR exon 9 indel, an MPL exon 10 mutation, or none of these genetic lesions. The genetic subtypes of PMF differ substantially as regards clinical course, disease progression, and overall survival.
Differential effects of selective frankincense (Ru Xiang) essential oil versus non-selective sandalwood (Tan Xiang) essential oil on cultured bladder cancer cells: a microarray and bioinformatics study
Authors: Dozmorov Mikhail G , Yang Qing , Wu Weijuan , Wren Jonathan , Suhail Mahmoud M , Woolley Cole L , Young D Gary , Fung Kar-Ming , Lin Hsueh-Kung 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

Background
Frankincense (Boswellia carterii, known as Ru Xiang in Chinese) and sandalwood (Santalum album, known as Tan Xiang in Chinese) are cancer preventive and therapeutic agents in Chinese medicine. Their biologically active ingredients are usually extracted from frankincense by hydrodistillation and sandalwood by distillation. This study aims to investigate the anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activities of frankincense and sandalwood essential oils in cultured human bladder cancer cells.

Methods
The effects of frankincense (1,400–600 dilutions) (v/v) and sandalwood (16,000–7,000 dilutions) (v/v) essential oils on cell viability were studied in established human bladder cancer J82 cells and immortalized normal human bladder urothelial UROtsa cells using a colorimetric XTT cell viability assay. Genes that responded to essential oil treatments in human bladder cancer J82 cells were identified using the Illumina Expression BeadChip platform and analyzed for enriched functions and pathways. The chemical compositions of the essential oils were determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry.

Results
Human bladder cancer J82 cells were more sensitive to the pro-apoptotic effects of frankincense essential oil than the immortalized normal bladder UROtsa cells. In contrast, sandalwood essential oil exhibited a similar potency in suppressing the viability of both J82 and UROtsa cells. Although frankincense and sandalwood essential oils activated common pathways such as inflammatory interleukins (IL-6 signaling), each essential oil had a unique molecular action on the bladder cancer cells. Heat shock proteins and histone core proteins were activated by frankincense essential oil, whereas negative regulation of protein kinase activity and G protein-coupled receptors were activated by sandalwood essential oil treatment.

Conclusion
The effects of frankincense and sandalwood essential oils on J82 cells and UROtsa cells involved different mechanisms leading to cancer cell death. While frankincense essential oil elicited selective cancer cell death via NRF-2-mediated oxidative stress, sandalwood essential oil induced non-selective cell death via DNA damage and cell cycle arrest.
The Negative Influences of Exam-Oriented Education on Chinese High School Students: Backwash from Classroom to Child
Authors: Kirkpatrick Robert , Zang Yuebing 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
This essay describes the various problems China faces on account of its exam-centric education system and pedagogy. Along with interviews and focus groups, this study draws on survey responses from 43 Chinese high school students enrolled in the Yunnan Province's No. 10 school. Moreover, this essay explores the policy arguments and key assumptions underlying this pedagogical approach as well as the negative influences exam-oriented education systems have on Chinese students, who view education as nothing more than merely passing examinations. This particular approach, at its worst, can stifle a student's imagination, creativity, and sense of self, qualities crucial for a child's ultimate success in and out of the classroom. The study suggests moderate pressure to excel in school, when paired with deemphasizing high-stakes testing, better motivates students and improves student success and psychological health, both in terms of academic success and also a productive adulthood.
Prolonged continuous intravenous infusion of the dipeptide L-alanine- L-glutamine significantly increases plasma glutamine and alanine without elevating brain glutamate in patients with severe traumatic brain injury
Authors: Nägeli Mirjam , Fasshauer Mario , Sommerfeld Jutta , Fendel Angela , Brandi Giovanna , Stover John F 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Low plasma glutamine levels are associated with worse clinical outcome. Intravenous glutamine infusion dose- dependently increases plasma glutamine levels, thereby correcting hypoglutaminemia. Glutamine may be transformed to glutamate which might limit its application at a higher dose in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). To date, the optimal glutamine dose required to normalize plasma glutamine levels without increasing plasma and cerebral glutamate has not yet been defined.

Methods
Changes in plasma and cerebral glutamine, alanine, and glutamate as well as indirect signs of metabolic impairment reflected by increased intracranial pressure (ICP), lactate, lactate-to-pyruvate ratio, electroencephalogram (EEG) activity were determined before, during, and after continuous intravenous infusion of 0.75 g L-alanine-L-glutamine which was given either for 24 hours (group 1, n = 6) or 5 days (group 2, n = 6) in addition to regular enteral nutrition. Lab values including nitrogen balance, urea and ammonia were determined daily.

Results
Continuous L-alanine-L-glutamine infusion significantly increased plasma and cerebral glutamine as well as alanine levels, being mostly sustained during the 5 day infusion phase (plasma glutamine: from 295 ± 62 to 500 ± 145 μmol/ l; brain glutamine: from 183 ± 188 to 549 ± 120 μmol/ l; plasma alanine: from 327 ± 91 to 622 ± 182 μmol/ l; brain alanine: from 48 ± 55 to 89 ± 129 μmol/ l; p < 0.05, ANOVA, post hoc Dunn’s test).
Plasma glutamate remained unchanged and cerebral glutamate was decreased without any signs of cerebral impairment. Urea and ammonia were significantly increased within normal limits without signs of organ dysfunction (urea: from 2.7 ± 1.6 to 5.5 ± 1.5 mmol/ l; ammonia: from 12 ± 6.3 to 26 ± 8.3 μmol/ l; p < 0.05, ANOVA, post hoc Dunn’s test).

Conclusions
High dose L-alanine-L-glutamine infusion (0.75 g/ kg/ d up to 5 days) increased plasma and brain glutamine and alanine levels. This was not associated with elevated glutamate or signs of potential glutamate-mediated cerebral injury. The increased nitrogen load should be considered in patients with renal and hepatic dysfunction.

Trial registration
Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02130674. Registered 5 April 2014
Glutamine – from conditionally essential to totally dispensable?
Authors: Wernerman Jan 
Published: July 2014

AbstractRecently a large multicentre randomised controlled trial in critically ill patients reported harm to the patients given supplementary glutamine. In the original publication, no explanation was offered for why this result was obtained; a large number of studies have reported beneficial effects or no effect, but never before reported harm. These results have been commented upon in a number of communications. Now some of the authors of the multicentre randomised controlled trial present a review and meta-analysis of glutamine supplementation, and the discrepancy of results is suggested to relate to intravenous administration to patients of supplementary glutamine via parenteral nutrition or a combination of enteral and parenteral nutrition in contrast to enteral administration of supplementation or a combination of enteral and parenteral supplementation. To explain results by epidemiological means only, by combining results into a meta-analysis, is perhaps not the best way to explain mechanisms behind results. Meta-analyses are primarily hypothesis generating. Launching treatment without a solid mechanistic explanation is always risky. Glutamine supplementation of the critically ill comes into that category. Now we will all have to do our homework and try to understand whether supplementation or omission of glutamine for patients fed parenterally is a good idea or not.
Tranexamic acid in pediatric trauma: why not?
Authors: Beno Suzanne , Ackery Alun D , Callum Jeannie , Rizoli Sandro 
Published: July 2014

AbstractTrauma is a leading cause of death in pediatrics. Currently, no medical treatment exists to reduce mortality in the setting of pediatric trauma; however, this evidence does exist in adults. Bleeding and coagulopathy after trauma increases mortality in both adults and children. Clinical research has demonstrated a reduction in mortality with early use of tranexamic acid in adult trauma patients in both civilian and military settings. Tranexamic acid used in the perioperative setting safely reduces transfusion requirements in children. This article compares the hematologic response to trauma between children and adults, and explores the potential use of tranexamic acid in pediatric hemorrhagic trauma.
Isoxazole Platform for Polyketide Assembly: Cycloaddition of Stable Benzonitrile Oxides to Stable ortho-Quinone Monoacetals and Dehydrogenation
Authors: Takikawa Hiroshi , Hashimoto Yoshimitsu , Suzuki Keisuke 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
A two-step preparation of highly functionalized polycyclic isoxazoles is described via regioselective 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of ortho-disubstituted benzonitrile oxides to ortho-quinone monoacetals and dehydrogenation by NiO2.
Cyrface: An interface from Cytoscape to R that provides a user interface to R packages
Authors: Gonçalves Emanuel , Mirlach Franz , Saez-Rodriguez Julio 
Published: July 2014

There is an increasing number of software packages to analyse biological experimental data in the R environment. In particular, Bioconductor, a repository of curated R packages, is one of the most comprehensive resources for bioinformatics and biostatistics. The use of these packages is increasing, but it requires a basic understanding of the R language, as well as the syntax of the specific package used. The availability of user graphical interfaces for these packages would decrease the learning curve and broaden their application. Here, we present a Cytoscape app termed Cyrface that allows Cytoscape apps to connect to any function and package developed in R. Cyrface can be used to run R packages from within the Cytoscape environment making use of a graphical user interface. Moreover, it can link R packages with the capabilities of Cytoscape and its apps, in particular network visualization and analysis. Cyrface’s utility has been demonstrated for two Bioconductor packages (CellNOptR and DrugVsDisease), and here we further illustrate its usage by implementing a workflow of data analysis and visualization. Download links, installation instructions and user guides can be accessed from the Cyrface’s homepage (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/saezrodriguez/cyrface/) and from the Cytoscape app store (http://apps.cytoscape.org/apps/cyrface).
Understanding the practice nurse's role in the cancer care tapestry
Authors: Campion-Smith Charles , Doyle Natalie , Henry Richard 
Published: July 2014

Background: The are 2 million people in the UK living with or after cancer, and this is expected to double by 2030 ( Maddams et al, 2012 ). Many report unmet physical and psychological needs. Aim: To determine the learning needs of practice nurses for them to take on an enhanced role with people affected by cancer, particularly after primary treatment, and to develop a course to meet these needs. Method: The Macmillan Steering Group designed a course for practice nurses to identify their learning needs and enable them to work collaboratively. There was strong patient involvement throughout. The course was evaluated by self-assessment, patient satisfaction questionnaires and in-depth telephone interviews with the practice nurses and their supporting GPs. Results: Practice nurses reported changed practice, with increased confidence in discussing issues relating to cancer and its treatment. They understood the importance of supported self-management and could signpost patients to appropriate sources of information and support. Many practice nurses started to initiate Cancer Care Reviews. Conclusions: With appropriate training and protected time to include cancer care into their everyday work, practice nurses can take on an important role in the care of people affected by cancer.
What Is “Urban Wood Waste”?
Authors: Lyon Scott , Bond Brian 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Researchers, governing agencies, and other stakeholders frequently use the term “urban wood waste” to describe either waste from wood products, municipal trees, or some combination. The materials that actually make up the waste may come from very different sources. For example, those utilizing recovered building materials and municipal waste describe urban wood waste as construction and demolition debris. Arborists and other urban tree stakeholder groups define urban wood waste as material from pruning or tree removal operations that would otherwise be discarded in a landfill. In addition to diverse definitions among stakeholder groups, the term “wood waste” has evolved over time due to advances in processing and technologies. The objective of this article is to review the current usage of the terminology regarding urban wood waste and to develop a clear definition that can be accepted across stakeholder groups. It was determined that a universal definition does not exist and may not be appropriate.
Islamic Architecture on the Move
Authors: Gruber Christiane 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
This study aims to explore a number of conceptual models that may prove fruitful in the study of architectural mobilities within and beyond Islamic lands from the eighteenth century until today. Beginning with a discussion of the ‘new mobilities’ paradigm, the essay explores several examples of architecture on the move via textile metaphors, micro-architecture, flows and hubs, tentage traditions and urban ‘slumming’. The use of the kiswa and small-scale models reveals how the Ka‘ba and the Dome of the Rock have been symbolically dispersed and repurposed in new geographical and religious contexts. Moreover, tensile forms are frequently cited in order to promote notions of authenticity and transience while also serving as weapons within urban warfare, as seen in the 2013 Gezi Uprisings in Turkey. These types of movement between media, spaces and places highlight the fact that architectural practices are never wholly distinct or dichotomous; that mobility and fixity are very often mutually dependent; that the past is frequently ‘moved’ – both conceptually and emotionally – into the present; and that manipulations of urban space can serve as highly visible stages for the enunciation and performance of ideological conflict today.
The Mobile Matrix: The Hijaz Railway as Ritual Space and Generator of Space
Authors: Simonowitz David 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Despite a revolution two months earlier, the Ottoman Sultan Abdülhamid II (r.1876–1909) still sat on the throne upon the inauguration of the Hijaz Railway in September 1908. Dismissed as military strategy or as propaganda, the railway nevertheless signified more to many Muslims. This article examines the Hijaz Railway from an uncommon perspective, beginning with a component of the train largely neglected by scholars, the cami-vagonu or ‘mosque wagon’. A mobile space recapitulating historic loci of Ottoman Islamic ritual, it contributed to the production of an imperial discourse of legitimacy and authority. Within this wagon, the designers reproduced architectural forms and calligraphic motifs to incorporate the railway in a larger representational space. They also deployed modern maps to orient the mosque wagon and represent the railway, linking the calligraphic and the cartographic in a distinctly Ottoman visual-cultural language. These factors would inform the conception and reception of the sultan’s project in local and trans-imperial networks of patronage. The planners of the railway enhanced the functions of this network by sacralizing modern technological resources. In documenting architectural, aesthetic and ritual aspects of the mosque wagon, this study presents a more nuanced picture of the Hijaz Railway and its infrastructure in both the Hamidian and the Second Constitutional periods and explains how it was a ‘pious’ as well as a ‘pragmatic’ project.
Mobility and Ambivalences: Negotiating Architectural Identities during Khedive Ismail’s Reign (1863–79)
Authors: El-Ashmouni Marwa M. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
This article explores the role of human mobility in the reconfiguration of Egypt’s modern identity in the nineteenth century. It connects James Clifford’s Routes: Travel and Translation in the Late Twentieth Century (1997) with Homi Bhabha’s The Location of Culture (1994) to interpret the construction of identities during the reign of Khedive Ismail (1863–79). The argument focuses on Ismail’s attempts to modernize the country passed through discursive ‘routes’ that were manifested in socio-political systems and architectural practices. While the Suez Canal represents the new routes advocated by the Khedive, its inauguration in 1869 manifests the notion of ambivalence between imperialism and anti-imperialism. This ambivalence materialized in the hybrid designs of both the Gezira Palace (1863–68) and the ‘Abdin Palace (1863–74), and in the emulation of the Haussmann Plan – which resulted in, this article argues, a ‘contact zone’ or ‘interstitial’ spaces in which political coalitions with global powers were prefigured. This material history cannot be dismissed as exotic follies, accidental hybrids or romantic Occidentalism.
‘In the Absence of Originals’: Replicating the Tilework of Safavid Isfahan for South Kensington
Authors: Carey Moya 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
In 1877, Robert Murdoch Smith, the Victoria and Albert Museum’s agent in Iran, undertook a brief project that differed from his more typical modus of bulk purchasing from local dealers and private collectors. Unable to purchase original decorative tilework from Safavid Isfahan’s sacred monuments, he commissioned flat, full-size copies of 33 designs, traced directly from the tiled surfaces of six building complexes, and painted in full colour. Thus the South Kensington Museum (as it then was) would possess a record of these historic surface designs, and not the glazed tiles themselves. As such they still satisfied the Museum’s mission to inform and improve contemporary practice in British industry. The primary site was the Madrasa-ye Madar-e Shah complex on Chahar Bagh Avenue, a prominent monument close to Murdoch Smith’s offices in Isfahan. Since the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, the madrasa and two other major Safavid mosques had been recorded and illustrated by European visitors, and published by these outsiders as national epitomes. The 1877 project marks a waystage in this increasingly international visibility, occurring long after these monuments were first built as Safavid projections of splendour, and not long before their cosmetic appearance acquired renewed political significance in Pahlavi Iran.
The Urban Fabric of Cairo: Khayamiya and the Suradeq
Authors: Bowker Sam 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Khayamiya, or Egyptian tentmaker appliqué, is a distinctly Egyptian architectural tradition that has been ignored by most architects. The vibrant ornamental qualities of this art form are slowly gaining recognition by designers from other fields, such as fashion, interior design, visual art and textile crafts, but it remains inexplicable that such an intensely visual aspect of Egyptian vernacular culture is not highly regarded, or even widely considered, as a national design icon of Egypt. This article will present an overview of khayamiya as a distinctly Egyptian architectural textile. The suradeq, or khayamiya pavilion / street tent, is the exemplar par excellence of this rich and complex art form. Recent developments in technology and reorientations towards international audiences have changed the work of the tentmakers of Cairo, veering away from architecture, towards contemporary art. These changes both threaten and encourage the survival of khayamiya as an important Egyptian living heritage. There is a great deal yet to be contributed to contemporary Islamic architecture and design by those who can reassess the endangered art of khayamiya within its original architectural context: the suradeq.