bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intraguild predation of Geocoris punctipes on Eretmocerus eremicus and its influence on the control of the whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum
Authors: Bao‐Fundora Lourdes , Ramirez‐Romero Ricardo , Sánchez‐Hernández Carla V , Sánchez‐Martínez José , Desneux Nicolas 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDGeocoris punctipes (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae) and Eretmocerus eremicus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) are whitefly natural enemies. Previously, under laboratory conditions, we showed that G. punctipes engages in intraguild predation (IGP), the attack of one natural enemy by another, on E. eremicus. However, it is unknown whether this IGP interaction takes place under more complex scenarios, such as semi‐field conditions. Even more importantly, the effect of this interaction on the density of the prey population requires investigation. Therefore, the present study aimed to establish whether this IGP takes place under semi‐field conditions and to determine whether the predation rate of G. punctipes on the whitefly decreases when IGP takes place.RESULTSMolecular analysis showed that, under semi‐field conditions, G. punctipes performed IGP on E. eremicus. However, although IGP did take place, the predation rate by G. punctipes on the whitefly was nevertheless higher when both natural enemies were present together than when the predator was present alone.CONCLUSIONWhile IGP of G. punctipes on E. eremicus does occur under semi‐field conditions, it does not adversely affect whitefly control. The concomitant use of these two natural enemies seems a valid option for inundative biological control programmes of T. vaporariorum in tomato. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Optical and surface properties of optically transparent Li3PO4 solid electrolyte layer for transparent solid batteries
Authors: Pat Suat , Özen Soner , Şenay Volkan , Korkmaz Şadan 
Published: October 2015

SummaryIn this study, optical and surface properties of the optically transparent Li3PO4 solid electrolyte layer for transparent solid battery have been investigated for the first time. To determine the optical properties, transmittance, absorbance, reflection, refractive index spectra, and optical band gap were determined by UV‐Vis spectrophotometer and optical interferometer. The surface property of the transparent Li3PO4 solid electrolyte was analyzed using atomic force microscopy. One another important parameter is contact angle (CA) surface free energy (SFE). CA and SFE were determined by optical tensiometer. These values probably are a most important parameter for polymer and hybrid battery performance. For the best performance, value of CA should be low. As a result, solid electrolyte layer is a highly transparent and it has a high wettability. SCANNING 38:317–321, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Apigenin induced apoptosis in esophageal carcinoma cells by destruction membrane structures
Authors: Zhu Haiyan , Jin Hua , Pi Jiang , Bai Haihua , Yang Fen , Wu Chaomin , Jiang Jinhuan , Cai Jiye 
Published: October 2015

SummaryApigenin has shown to have killing effects on some kinds of solid tumor cells. However, the changes in cell membrane induced by apigenin on subcellular‐ or nanometer‐level were still unclear. In this work, human esophageal cancer cells (EC9706 and KYSE150 cells) were employed as cell model to detect the cytotoxicity of apigenin, including cell growth inhibition, apoptosis induction, membrane toxicity, etc. MTT assay showed that apigenin could remarkably inhibit the growth and proliferation in both types of cells. Annexin V/PI‐based flow cytometry analysis showed that the cytotoxic effects of apigenin in KYSE150 cells were mainly through early apoptosis induction, while in EC9706 cells, necrosis, and apoptosis were both involved in cell death. The morphological and ultrastructural properties induced by apigenin were investigated at single cellular‐ or nanometer‐level using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Additionally, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured to assess the changes in membrane permeability. The results indicated that apigenin increased the membrane permeability and caused leakage of LDH, which was consistent with damages on membrane ultrastructure detected by AFM. Therefore, membrane toxicity, including membrane ultrastructure damages and enhanced membrane permeability, played vital roles in apigenin induced human esophageal cancer cell apoptosis. SCANNING 38:322–328, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Postcoital Dysphoria: Prevalence and Psychological Correlates
Authors: Schweitzer Robert D. , O'Brien Jessica , Burri Andrea 
Published: October 2015

Abstract

Introduction
While problems related to desire, arousal, and orgasm have been subject to extensive epidemiologic research, women's postcoital reactions and feelings, and postcoital dysphoria (PCD) remains under-researched.

Aim
The study examined the association between women's attachment anxiety and avoidance, differentiation of self, and the experience of PCD symptoms.

Methods
Two hundred and thirty female university students completed an online survey.

Main Outcome Measures
The Female Sexual Function Index, the Experiences in Close Relationships Scale, the Differentiation of Self Inventory-Revised, and study specific questions.

Results
Forty-six percent of respondents reported experiencing PCD symptoms at least once in their lifetime with 5.1% experiencing PCD symptoms a few times within the past 4 weeks. A small but significant inverse correlation was found between lifetime prevalence of PCD and sexual functioning (r = −0.16). While the regression model accounted for 22% of variance in lifetime prevalence of PCD, attachment and differentiation of self variables did not account for significant variance.

Conclusions
The findings confirm that PCD is under-recognized and under-researched. There appears to be no relationship between PCD and intimacy in close relationships. Further research is necessary to understand the subjective experience of PCD and to inform the development of a reliable measure.
The use of sparse inverse covariance estimation for relationship detection and hypothesis generation in strategic management
Authors: Li Mei , Lin Ying , Huang Shuai , Crossland Craig 
Published: October 2015

Research summary: This paper uses Sparse Inverse Covariance Estimation (SICE) to advance strategic management research, focusing on an application of exploratory SICE techniques to generate novel, testable hypotheses. We demonstrate how SICE can identify intrinsic relationships among variables, especially within large, high‐dimension–low‐observation datasets. We also discuss the strengths and limitations of SICE, as well as the most appropriate uses of these techniques. We conclude with a detailed illustration of SICE analysis using the High Performance Manufacturing dataset.Managerial summary: Most academic research in strategic management is based on formal hypotheses, which are testable statements of the relationships linking two or more variables. Researchers currently use several approaches to generate hypotheses, but all have different shortcomings. In our study, we demonstrate how researchers can use a set of quantitative techniques known as Sparse Inverse Covariance Estimation (SICE) to generate new hypotheses from large datasets. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Grouping interdependent tasks: Using spectral graph partitioning to study complex systems
Authors: Lee Chi‐Hyon , Hoehn‐Weiss Manuela N. , Karim Samina 
Published: October 2015

Research summary: This article uses spectral graph partitioning to advance strategic management research, and focuses on the study of complex systems that contain strongly connected components with component interactions that are weighted and directed. The spectral graph partitioning method complements existing methods, especially, when external architectural artifacts do not exist or are less than certain. We illustrate this methodology using a U.S. airline's production system. We highlight some useful metrics and show how researchers can apply this method to generate additional architectural insights.Managerial summary: We describe a method for analyzing the architecture of complex systems that contain directed and weighted component interactions, and in which each component is interdependent (directly or indirectly) on every other component. Using the spectra of a complex system, the method is not only tractable but also provides good and predictable groupings. We illustrate this method using the firm-level production task system of a firm found in the U.S. passenger airline sector. The method is useful if the system architecture is hidden, in flux, or both. The method may also permit a holistic comparison of different systems and their architectures. We discuss metrics and illustrate how they can provide additional architectural insights. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Video methods in strategy research: Focusing on embodied cognition
Authors: Gylfe Philip , Franck Henrika , Lebaron Curtis , Mantere Saku 
Published: October 2015

Research summary: Video‐based methods can help researchers explore the significance of the human body in the practice of organizational strategy. We present a toolkit for the analysis of video data. The toolkit consists of three techniques: the detailing of significant forms in visual data, the sequencing of movement around such forms, and the patterning of movements across episodes. We employ these techniques on video recordings of middle managers engaged in a large‐scale strategic change effort. By revealing and analyzing the practices of “top‐down” and “bottom‐up bridging,” we show how the embodied cognition of middle managers supports strategy implementation by influencing nascent behavioral and cognitive changes among their subordinates. We conclude our account by suggesting a research agenda for video‐based work in strategy research.Managerial summary: We explore video-based methods as a means to understand how middle managers incorporate strategic change in their practice. During strategic change efforts, a lot of what is taken to be the buildup of “shared understanding” is more appropriately viewed as emotional contagion. The success of middle management change agency is thus measured, not only by their successful elaboration of strategy content to others, but also whether or not organizational members invest themselves emotionally to the change endeavor. Such contagion is founded on the interaction of human bodies as well as their verbal discourse. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The differential impacts of markets for technology on the value of technological resources: An application of group‐based trajectory models
Authors: Mani Deepa , Nandkumar Anand 
Published: October 2015

Research summary: This article uses Group‐Based Trajectory (GBT) Models to advance strategic management research, focusing on demonstrating the differential impacts of markets for technology on the value of technological capabilities. Group Based Trajectory (GBT) models, a statistical technique based on finite mixture models, can be used to discern heterogeneity based on an attribute of interest, especially when the heterogeneity changes or evolves over time, and when there is a lack of theoretical guidance to discern the basis of heterogeneity. We illustrate these advantages of GBT models in our study of how the moderating effect of markets for technology on the value of technological capability is itself moderated by firm types. We conclude with a discussion of potential uses of the method in strategic management research.Managerial summary: This article illustrates the use of Group-Based Trajectory Models in discerning heterogeneity in an attribute of interest, including firm resources, capabilities, strategies, and performance, especially when such heterogeneity changes or evolves over time. We illustrate these advantages of GBT models in an analysis of how the moderating effect of markets for technology on the value of technological capability is itself moderated by firm types. Specifically, we find that the performance of firms, whose strategic position is based on technological competence, is negatively impacted when MFT are extensive, whereas that of firms whose strategic position is also based on other complementary capabilities is relatively unaffected. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using item response theory to improve measurement in strategic management research: An application to corporate social responsibility
Authors: Carroll Robert J. , Primo David M. , Richter Brian K. 
Published: October 2015

Research summary: This article uses item response theory (IRT) to advance strategic management research, focusing on an application to corporate social responsibility (CSR). IRT explicitly models firms' and individuals' observable actions in order to measure unobserved, latent characteristics. IRT models have helped researchers improve measures in numerous disciplines. To demonstrate their potential in strategic management, we show how the method improves on a key measure of corporate social responsibility and corporate social performance (CSP), the KLD Index, by creating what we term D‐SOCIAL‐KLD scores, and associated estimates of their accuracy, from the underlying data. We show, for instance, that firms such as Apple may not be as “good” as previously thought, while firms such as Walmart may perform better than typically believed. We also show that the D‐SOCIAL‐KLD measure outperforms the KLD Index and factor analysis in predicting new CSR‐related activity.Managerial summary: Corporate social responsibility (CSR) continues to grow in importance among the press, political activists, managers, analysts, and investors, yet measurement techniques have not kept up. We show that the most common approach for measuring CSR—adding up observable traits—is fundamentally flawed, even if these traits accurately capture CSR‐related behavior. We introduce an improved measurement technique that treats these traits as test questions that are differentially weighted, so that “hard” CSR activities affect a company's score more than “easy” CSR activities. This approach produces a measure that offers a more reliable comparison of firms than standard measures. Our approach has a number of additional advantages, including differentiating firms that receive identical scores on an additive scale and accounting for how CSR-related behavior has evolved over time. Anybody who cares about CSR should consider using our measure (available at www.socialscores.org) as the basis for analyzing firms' CSR. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Solvent‐Dependent Synthesis from Layer to Microporous Pillared‐Layer Framework for Selective Sorption of Gas Light Hydrocarbons
Authors: Jiang Zhiqiang , An Yun , Zhu Xuejun , Tian Congxue , Bai Jing , Li Yufeng 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThree metal‐organic frameworks, [Zn3(bdc)3(DMA)2] (1) (H2bdc = terephthalic acid; DMA = N,N‐dimethylacetamide), [Zn3(bdc)3(DMA)(DMPU)] (2) (DMPU = 1,3‐dimethylpropyleneurea), and [Zn3(bdc)4(Hdma)2] (3) [Hdma = protonated dimethylamine (Me2NH2)] were synthesized by using different solvents. The solvents determine the framework architectures range from layer to microporous pillared‐layer framework. The microporous framework has 8‐connected bcg topology and shows selective sorption ability for gas light hydrocarbons.
Syntheses, Crystal Structures, and Properties of the Isotypic Pair [Cr(H2O)6]2[B12H12]3·15H2O and [In(H2O)6]2[B12H12]3·15H2O
Authors: Van Nguyen‐Duc , Kleeberg Fabian M. , Schleid Thomas 
Published: October 2015

AbstractSingle crystals of [Cr(H2O)6]2[B12H12]3·15H2O and [In(H2O)6]2[B12H12]3·15H2O were obtained by reactions of aqueous solutions of the acid (H3O)2[B12H12] with chromium(III) hydroxide and indium metal shot, respectively. The title compounds crystallize isotypically in the trigonal system with space group R$\bar{3}$c (a = 1157.62(3), c = 6730.48(9) pm for the chromium, a = 1171.71(3), c = 6740.04(9) pm for the indium compound, Z = 6). The arrangement of the quasi‐icosahedral [B12H12]2– dianions can be considered as stacking of two times nine layers with the sequence …ABCCABBCA… and the metal trications arrange in a cubic closest packed …abc… stacking sequence. The metal trications are octahedrally coordinated by six water molecules of hydration, while another fifteen H2O molecules fill up the structures as zeolitic crystal water or second‐sphere hydrating species. Between these free and the metal‐bonded water molecules, bridging hydrogen bonds are found. Furthermore, there is also evidence of hydrogen bonding between the anionic [B12H12]2– clusters and the free zeolitic water molecules according to B–Hδ–···δ+H–O interactions. Vibrational spectroscopy studies prove the presence of these hydrogen bonds and also show slight distortions of the dodecahydro‐closo‐dodecaborate anions from their ideal icosahedral symmetry (Ih). Thermal decomposition studies for the example of [Cr(H2O)6]2[B12H12]3·15H2O gave no hints for just a simple multi‐stepwise dehydration process.
Density‐dependent dispersal complicates spatial synchrony in tri‐trophic food chains
Authors: Liu Zhiguang , Zhang Fengpan , Hui Cang 
Published: October 2015

AbstractSpatial synchrony can increase extinction risk and undermines metapopulation persistence. Both dispersal and biotic interactions can strongly affect spatial synchrony. Here, we explore the spatial synchrony of a tri‐trophic food chain in two patches connected by density‐dependent dispersal, namely the strategies of prey evasion (PE) and predator pursuit (PP). The dynamics of the food chain are depicted by both the Hastings–Powell model and the chemostat model, with synchrony measured by the Pearson correlation coefficient. We use the density‐independent dispersal in the system as a baseline for comparison. Results show that the density‐independent dispersal of a species in the system can promote its dynamic synchrony. Dispersal of intermediate species in the tri‐trophic food chain is the strongest synchronizer. In contrast, the density‐dependent PP and PE of intermediate species can desynchronize the system. Highly synchronized dynamics emerged when the basal species has a strong PE strategy or when the top species has a moderate PP strategy. Our results reveal the complex relationship between density‐dependent dispersal and spatial synchrony in tri‐trophic systems.
Small‐scale spatial and temporal variation in the demographic processes underlying the large‐scale decline of eiders in the Baltic Sea
Authors: Öst Markus , Ramula Satu , Lindén Andreas , Karell Patrik , Kilpi Mikael 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe application of uniform conservation schemes often fails to account for small‐scale spatial variation in the drivers of population decline. Demographic comparisons of imperilled populations across locations are therefore crucial for successful conservation, but progress is hampered by lack of long‐term data from more than a single population. The recent large‐scale decline of eider ducks (Somateria mollissima) in the Baltic Sea is ideal for determining to what extent mechanisms underlying population decline can be extrapolated over larger areas. We utilized stochastic demographic methods incorporating both environmental and sampling variation to assess small‐scale spatial and temporal variation in the population dynamics of eiders at Söderskär (eastern range‐margin) and Tvärminne (core breeding area), situated 130 km apart. The stochastic growth rate models accurately predicted the observed differences in the rate of decline between sites and time periods. At Söderskär, established breeder survival had by far the greatest elasticity, whereas elasticity was more evenly distributed among vital rates at Tvärminne. Although the study sites showed the single largest difference in fecundity, stochastic life table response experiment analyses revealed that reduced adult female survival at Tvärminne mainly determined the observed difference in growth rates between sites. In contrast, reduced fecundity primarily differentiated the past population increase from the present population decline at Söderskär. Our results demonstrate that different mechanisms may be associated with population decline across adjacent geographic locations, and indicate that dispersal of first‐time breeders may be important for population dynamics. Safeguarding adult female survival and/or fecundity should be prioritized in management efforts.
Morbidity associated with anterior iliac crest bone graft harvesting in children undergoing orthopaedic surgery: A prospective review
Authors: Clarke A. , Flowers M. J. , Davies A. G. , Fernandes J. , Jones S. 
Published: October 2015

Purpose Autologous iliac crest bone grafting is an integral part of many orthopaedic surgical procedures. Several studies have documented morbidity and prolonged pain following iliac crest bone graft harvesting in adults; however, in children there is a paucity of information. The purpose of the present study was to quantify the degree of pain and morbidity associated with anterior iliac crest graft harvesting in children undergoing non-spinal orthopaedic surgery. Methods Patients were prospectively enrolled prior to orthopaedic surgery. A patient self-reported visual analogue score was used to record pain at specified time points following surgery. In addition, the patients were reviewed at 2 and 6 weeks, 3 months and 1 year after surgery to record any complications. Results Data was collected on 33 patients (34 graft sites). Only one patient (2.94 %) had a complication, namely an injury to the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve. This resolved 3 months after surgery. 89 % of patients had no pain at the iliac crest graft harvest site 3 months after surgery. The three patients who had pain at 3 months had visual analogue scores of 1.0, 1.1 and 1.3, respectively. Conclusion This series reveals a very low complication rate and minimal iliac crest graft harvest site pain in children undergoing non-spinal orthopaedic surgery. In addition, the pain experienced is short-lived.