bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalencia de niveles séricos de haptoglobina en bovinos adultos, de cuatro hatos de Antioquia
Authors: Ramírez Nicolás , Molina Sadoh , Sierra Germán , Pareja Juan 
Published: August 2024

Resumen En el período comprendido entre octubre de 1999 y febrero de 2000, en cuatro hatos de las razas Holstein y BON x Holstein, en el Departamento de Antioquia, se determinó los niveles séricos de Haptoglobina (Hp) por la prueba de ELISA. La prevalencia de los valores de Hp en los animales de este estudio, en las Haciendas El Progreso, La Montaña, La Alborada y Las Aguilas, varió de menor de 0.125 a 0.299, de menor 0.125 a 1.77, de menor de 0.125 a 1.18 y de 0.13 a 1.67 mg/ml respectivamente. El 46.25 % de los animales (37/80), presentó niveles de Hp inferiores a 0.125 mg/ml, de éstos, el 78.37 % (29/37) tuvo aparente normalidad clínica y el 21.62 % (8/37) mostró síntomas clínicos como metritis, neumonía, papiloma ulcerado, traqueitis, úlcera de la suela y necrobacilosis interdigital. El 53.75 % de las vacas (43/80) presentó niveles mayores a 0.125 mg/ml, de las cuales el 72.1 % (31/43) mostró aparente normalidad clínica al momento del exámen, el 4.65% (2/43), tenían otra alteración, uno de ellos fiebre el día anterior y el otro reacción alérgica en piel, el 23.25% (10/43) tuvo alteración en algún parámetro clínico como frecuencia cardíaca, frecuencia respiratoria o temperatura. Palabras clave: ELISA, vacas lactantes. Summary A field study was conducted in the period between october 1999 and february 2000. This study was carried out in four dairies in the Departament of Antioquia in Colombia. The main goal of the study was to determinate the prevalence of Haptoglobin (Hp) levels. The Hp serum levels were measured by the ELISA technique. The Hp prevalence values of the animals in this study for the dairies, El Progreso, La Montaña, La Alborada and Las Aguilas, varied of less than 0.125 to 0.299, of less than 0,125 to 1,77, of less than 0,125 to 1,18 and of 0,13 to 1,67 respectively. 46,25% of the animals (37/80), had Hp values under 0,125 mg/ml, of this percentage, 78,37% (29/37) showed apparent clinical normality at the clinical examination moment, and 21,62% (8/37) presented clinical symptoms like metritis, neumonia, papilomatosis, traqueitis, sole ulcer and foot rot. 53,75% of the cows (43/80) had Hp values higher than 0,125 mg/ml, 72,1% (31/43) of this percentage had apparently clinical normality and 23,25% (10/43) showed alteration in one or several clinical parameters like heart rate, respiratory rate or temperature. A 4,65% (2/43) had a different abnormality, one of them had fever the day before, the other one, had skin alergic reaction. Key words: ELISA, lactating cows.
Una revisión del metabolismo ácido-base y su relación con la nutrición en aves
Authors: Betancourt Liliana , Romero Hugo 
Published: August 2024

Resumen Las condiciones ambientales y nutricionales a que son sometidas las estirpes modernas de aves, generan desbalances metabólicos que alteran el equilibrio ácido-base. El mantenimiento de este equilibrio implica cambios y ajustes metabólicos que pueden afectar la producción eficiente de productos avícolas (carne y huevo). Muchas de las soluciones para controlar estos desórdenes se basan en el conocimiento de los factores bioquímicos y fisiológicos involucrados en estos. El contenido de la dieta, particularmente aminoácidos y electrolitos, debe ser tenido en cuenta para atenuar o prevenir estos desbalances. A la luz de algunos resultados de investigación obtenidos por este grupo, se revisó el metabolismo ácido-base y su influencia sobre la nutrición de pollos de engorde y aves de postura, bajo diferentes condiciones ambientales. Entre las consideraciones realizadas, se sugieren cambios en el balance dietario de electrolitos (BDE) de las dietas utilizadas para pollos de engorde criados a elevada altitud, para disminuir la incidencia de síndrome ascítico. Palabras clave: acidosis, alcalosis, electrolitos, pH. Summary Environmental and nutritional conditions cause metabolic disturbs that affect acid-base equilibrium in modern poultry strains. Maintaining this equilibrium imply metabolic adjusts that can adversely affect poultry production (meat and eggs) efficiency. Many solutions to control these disorders are based in the knowledge of different biochemical and physiological factors advocated in it. Diet composition, particularly amino acids and electrolytes, is the clue to ameliorate or prevent these disorders. From research results of this group, we analyze the acid-base balance and it influence on broiler and laying hens nutrition, under different environmental conditions. Among dietary considerations, we suggest make some changes in the dietary electrolyte balance (DEB), in broiler diets when they are raised at high altitude, in order to decrease ascites incidence. Key words: acidosis, alkalosis, electrolytes, pH.
La Historia de la Probabilidad
Authors: Restrepo Luis F. , González L. Julián 
Published: August 2024

Resumen Este artículo trata acerca de la historia de la probabilidad desde sus inicios hasta nuestros días, destacando el aporte de célebres matemáticos estadísticos que hicieron posible la estructuración y aplicación de la teoría de las probabilidades en múltiples áreas del conocimiento, permitiendo el desarrollo de las mismas. En la Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia la probabilidad es esencial en la toma de decisiones referente a establecer diferencias entre tratamientos, clasificación de animales de acuerdo a su taxonomía, obtención de dosificaciones óptimas de alimentos y evaluación estadística de semen, entre otros aspectos. Palabras clave: aleatorio, distribuciones. Summary This article is about the history of probability since its beginins to our days, emhancing the mathematics and statistics work, which made the form and aplication of the probabilities theory possible in many areas, performing the development of knowledge. In animal sciences the probability theory is of high value in order to take the right decissions and establish differences between treatments, classifing animals acording to their taxonomy, get the right food amount per species, statistically evaluate semen and so on. Key Words: distributions, random.
Pregnant and Postnatal Women’s Views on Resources for Quitting Smoking: “Every Person Is Different So These Things Depend”
Authors: Small Sandra P. , Brennan-Hunter Andrea , Yi Yanqing 
Published: August 2024

OBJECTIVE:Maternal smoking during pregnancy or postnatally contributes to significant harm, including stillbirth, preterm birth, low birth weight, and sudden infant death. Alternatively, maternal smoking cessation benefits the health of the woman and child. Informational resources may be helpful for maternal smoking cessation. The objective of this study is to examine such resources from the perspectives of pregnant and postnatal women who smoked.METHODS:The study was a cross-sectional survey design with quantitative and qualitative data. There were 164 participants: 120 pregnant and 44 postnatal.RESULTS:About 29%–59% of women accessed various resources for smoking-related information. Of those, some perceived the resources as helpful, while others did not share that view. Mixed perceptions of the helpfulness of resources were also the case for women’s preferences for resources for quitting smoking. Women offered suggestions for specific information and support they thought would be helpful for quitting smoking during pregnancy or postnatally. Helpful information consisted of (a) realistic messages about the harmfulness of smoking to the fetus, child, and woman and realistic messages involving shared personal experiences of smoking and quitting smoking during pregnancy and (b) advice about how to quit smoking during pregnancy or postnatally. Helpful support consisted of (a) nonjudgmental understanding, (b) assistance to deal with stress and personal issues, and (c) tangible aid for smoking cessation.CONCLUSION:The findings suggest that a variety of informational and support resources are necessary and should be readily available to meet the individualized needs of pregnant women or postnatal women who smoke.
2-Cinnamamido-4-Methylpentanamide and N-(2-Hydroxypropanoyl)Cinnamamide: Synthesis, Characterization, and Molecular Docking Studies Through PBP2a Protein
Authors: Rasyid Herlina , Ernawati Teni , Monoarfa Indah Muthmainnah 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT. Cinnamic acid has been found in several types of plants and has a diverse spectrum of bioactivity. Derivatization of cinnamic acid related to the improving bioactivity of a compound. Cinnamic acid can be found as an acid or in conjugated form with amides, esters, aldehydes. This research focus on the synthesis of amide derivatives of cinnamic acid to improve the bioactivity. Two compounds namely 2-cinnamamido-4-methylpentanamide (1a) and N-(2-hydroxypropanoyl)cinnamamide (1b) were carried out through amidation reaction using carbodiimide coupling reagent for 24 hours. The synthesized target compounds were characterized using FT-IR, GCMS-MS, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. The compounds were evaluated their antibacterial activity by molecular docking simulation against PBP2a (PDB ID: 1MWT) using AutoDock4 and AutoDockTools software. PBP2a is one of the main proteins in MRSA that has evolved to resist β-lactam antibiotics and was proposed to be the most likely target of MRSA. The inhibitory process of this protein works through inhibition of the bacterial cell wall. The synthesis process of 1a and 1b produced yields of 22.13% and 25.20%. Molecular docking results showed that 1a and 1b had better energy (ΔGbinding -7.33 and -6.29 kcal/mol) than Streptomycin as the control positive. The compounds of 1a and 1b had interactions on PBP2a through hydrogen bond with Asn464, Thr600, and Tyr519. This present study showed that the synthesized compounds from cinnamic acid derivatives have a potential to be used as antibacterial agents.

Keywords: Amidation, antibacterial, 2-cinnamamido-4-methylpentanamide, molecular docking, N-(2-hydroxypropanoyl) cinnamamide.
The Role of The Ni/HZSM-5 Ratio on The Anisole Hydrodeoxygenation Reaction
Authors: Nugrahaningtyas Khoirina Dwi , Nurcahyo I F , Hidayat Yuniawan , Rahmawati Fitria , Fadlulloh Zaki , Heraldy Eddy , Qurrotul'aini Nisriina 'Abidah 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT. Bio-oil is a renewable energy source with high oxygen levels, and anisole is a chemical widely employed in research to represent it. Catalytic hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) reduces the oxygen content. A catalyst known as nickel-modified HZSM-5 has shown promising results for HDO. Meanwhile, catalyst efficiency depends on the Ni/HZSM-5 ratio. So, this study aims to determine how the Ni/HZSM-5 ratio influences the catalyst's properties, activity, and selectivity in anisole HDO. The Ni/HZSM-5 catalyst was made using the wet impregnation method with various ratios of Ni/HZSM-5. The catalysts were analyzed for their morphology using scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX). The diffraction patterns were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD). Surface area and porosity were determined through gas sorption analysis (GSA). Then, the acidity strength was evaluated via temperature-programmed ammonia desorption (NH3-TPD). The characterization results show Ni was successfully impregnated and distributed evenly in HZSM-5 without changing the primary structure. Adding Ni metal to HZSM-5 increases the surface area of the catalyst but reduces its acid strength. The catalytic performance of the catalysts was then evaluated in a flow reactor at 400 °C, using 15 mL/min H2 gas. The liquid products of the reaction were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). The results of the catalytic performance show that Ni4.5/HZSM-5 has the highest catalytic activity in anisole conversion. At the same time, Ni6.4/HZSM-5 shows the highest selectivity towards benzene-toluene-xylene (BTX).

Keywords: Hydrodeoxygenation, nickel, anisole, heterogeneous catalyst, acidity.
In situ Measurement of Phosphate using Fe3O4/Chelex®100-Agarose-Oxalic Acid Hydrogel in Diffusive Gradient in Thin Films
Authors: Dinira Layta , Rumhayati Barlah , Mardiana Diah , Andayani Ulfa 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT. This study would be the first to develop a novel combination of Chelex®100 and Fe3O4 as a mixed binding gel for in situ phosphate measurement employing Diffusive Gradient in Thin Films (DGT). Fe3O4 and Chelex®100 were utilized as binding agents within a single binding layer for phosphate measurements in laboratory and natural water settings. The synthesized Fe3O4 was identified as magnetite and consisted of micro-sized particles. The pore size of the mixed binding gel ranged from 22.39 to 112.5 µm. Incorporating Chelex®100 with Fe3O4 in oxalic acid cross-linked agarose did not diminish phosphate adsorption efficiency. As adsorption time and phosphate concentration in solution increased, the quantity of adsorbed phosphate in the mixed binding gel also increased. Optimal phosphate elution was achieved using a basic solution, with a phosphate elution efficiency of 95.3 ± 0.4% observed with 0.4 M NaOH. The diffusion coefficient measured using the mixed binding gel was 1.08 times greater than that of polyacrylamide cross-linked with an agarose derivative (APA) gel, typically employed in the DGT technique. Phosphate concentration measurement with Fe3O4/Chelex®100-agarose oxalic acid in a DGT passive sampler at pH 4-8 yielded values twice those in bulk solution. Similar results were obtained when measuring phosphate in a 0.01 – 0.1 M NaNO3 solution. A T-test showed that the phosphate concentration obtained from mixed binding layer-DGT as an alternate passive sampler was not significantly different from grab sampling. This study underscores the suitability of Fe3O4-Chelex®100 impregnated in agarose-oxalic acid gel for monitoring phosphate in natural water via DGT.

Keywords: Agarose, diffusive gradient in thin films, mixed binding gel Fe3O4, oxalic acid.
Triterpenoids From Swietenia mahagoni L Jacq. and Their Cytotoxic Activity against MCF-7 Breast Cancer and CV-1 Normal Kidney Cell Lines
Authors: Supratman Unang , Abdullah Fajar Fauzi , Farabi Kindi , Nurlelasari Nurlelasari , Awang Khalijah , Nafiah Mohamad Azlan 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT. Triterpenoid is a group of natural products with various remarkable activities, including cytotoxic. One of the sources for this type of compounds is Swietenia genus belong to Meliaceae family. This genus known to contains various secondary metabolites including limonoids, flavonoids, and triterpenoids. Especially for triterpenoid, there is limited report on isolation as well as biological activity from Swietenia genus, such as Swietenia mahagoni. In this research, three triterpenoid compounds have been successively isolated and identified from n-hexane extract, namely, (-)-leucophyllone (1), toonaciliatavarin E (2), and moronic acid (3). All isolated were assed against MCF-7 breast cancer and CV-1 normal kidney cell lines. The result showed that only moronic acid (3) performed moderate activity against two cells with IC50 of 63.10 and 48.04 µM, respectively. The other isolated compounds (1 and 2) showed weak cytotoxicity with IC50 > 500 µM. Based on preliminary structure activity relationship, revealed that pentacyclic triterpenoid (moronic acid, 3) showed stronger cytotoxicity compare with tetracyclic triterpenoids (-)-leucophyllone (1) and toonaciliatavarin E (2).

Keyword: Cytotoxicity, MCF-7 and CV-1, Switennia mahagoni, Triterpenoids.
Equal Incremental Cost Method with Adjustable Gamma Control to Solve Generator Scheduling
Authors: Rahmat Basuki , Wijaya I Gede Putu Oka Indra , Ikhsan Rifki Rahman Nur , Yustika Lindiasari Martha , Raharjo Jangkung 
Published: August 2024

Generator scheduling remains an intriguing issue within the energy industry. It relates to the optimization of production costs, where system operators must select the optimal combination of available resources to minimize production costs. This paper proposes an enhancement to the Equal Incremental Cost (EIC) Method using Adjustable Gamma Control (AGC) in generator scheduling. Iterations begin with an initial lambda value, then gradually increase with the application of the factor until power demand is met. A variable of 10% is used as an adjustment step in the optimization method. The proposed method is capable of achieving convergence with 100% accuracy, where the power generated by all generators precisely matches the load demand (2,650 MW), at a cost of USD 32,289.03. EIC-AGC ranks second-best after VLIM, albeit with the consequence of consuming 195 seconds. This method is expected to have a significant impact on designing highly accurate economic dispatch techniques. Thus, generator scheduling will lead to a reduction in operational costs compared to current practices.
Development of Smart Hydroponics System using AI-based Sensing
Authors: Putra Septafiansyah Dwi , Heriansyah Heriansyah , Cahyadi Eko Fajar , Anggriani Kurnia , Imron S Jaya Moh Haris 
Published: August 2024

This paper proposes a smart hydroponic system that operates automatically using a fuzzy logic algorithm, integrating IoT functionalities to support smart agriculture. The system allows for remote monitoring and control via the internet, providing real-time data on water levels, pH levels, temperature, and nutrient solution temperature. Precise dosing and temperature control are critical for optimal plant growth, and the system schedules temperature measurements to ensure stability. Unstable temperature can affect pH levels, thereby impacting nutrient absorption. The proposed system employs sensors to continuously monitor the electrical conductivity (EC) and pH levels of the nutrient solution. Fuzzy control is utilized to regulate the nutrient solution pump, automatically adjusting EC and pH levels to promote optimal plant growth. This approach reduces the time burden on producers and provides more precise control over the nutrient solution, resulting in improved growth outcomes. The main contributions of this work are as follows: the development and implementation of an AI-based system integrating a controller, IoT environment, fuzzy logic algorithm, and NFT (nutrient film technology) hydroponics; the creation of a user-friendly interface for farmers through the Smart-Hydroponic application, enabling hybrid monitoring and control of hydroponic farms; the establishment of an IoT-based cloud environment for sensor data monitoring; the implementation of a smart hydroponic system for nutrient sensing, monitoring, and control; and a comparative analysis between smart and conventional hydroponics based on morphological results.
Bridgmanite megacrysts drive segregation of the terrestrial magma ocean
Authors: DENG JIE , Hu Junwei , Shi Yidi , Lee Jina , Niu Haiyang , Stixrude Lars 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The solidification of the deep and global magma ocean 4.5 billion years ago likely stands as the most significant differentiation event in the Earth’s history, setting the initial conditions for its subsequent evolution1. However, our understanding of this solidification process remains limited, partly due to a lack of knowledge regarding the grain size of Earth’s most abundant solid phase, bridgmanite2-5. In this study, we employ a combination of cutting-edge techniques, including machine learning potentials, seeding, and enhanced sampling, to investigate the crystallization of bridgmanite using large-scale molecular dynamics simulations consisting of up to 1 million atoms. Our primary focus is on elucidating the key parameters controlling nucleation and grain growth processes, in particular the least-constrained crystal-liquid interfacial energy. Our results demonstrate a significant pressure-dependent increase in interfacial energies of bridgmanite-liquid, surpassing those of silicate-liquid systems at ambient pressure by a factor of up to ten6-8. Within a convective magma ocean, this amplified interfacial energy allows bridgmanite crystals to reach at least decimeter-scale regardless of the nucleation mechanism, driving efficient fractional crystallization and causing substantial chemical differentiation and mantle compaction. The large crystal sizes imply the existence of highly viscous convective cores of the lowermost mantle, promoting the preservation of primordial signatures in Earth's deep interior. Our study sheds light on the enigmatic solidification of Earth’s magma ocean, offering crucial insights into the early evolution and compositional heterogeneity of our planet.
WITHDRAWN: Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and Effects on Winter Wheat and Barley Varieties
Authors: Minic Djordje D , Mladenovic-Markovic Katarina , Kesic Ana , Grujovic Mirjana , Markovic Stefan , Torbica Aleksandra , Djukic Nevena 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Cereals are exposed to various external conditions during the growing period, which affects their growth, development, and yield. Silver nanoparticles represent a potential solution for alleviating the negative effects of temperature stress. This study examines the impact of silver nanoparticles on extract yield, proline concentration, and antioxidant activity of winter wheat and barley during the tillering phase under winter field conditions. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using a green method with an aqueous extract of Agrimonia eupatoria L. Two varieties of winter cereals, Simonida (Triticum aestivum L.) and Nonius (Hordeum vulgare L.), were foliarly treated with concentrations of 5 mg/ml and 10 mg/ml AgNPs-H2O. The experiment lasted for 10 days, during which the minimum temperature recorded was -7°C in field conditions. Proline concentration was higher in both varieties treated with nanoparticles compared to the controls. Antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH method on untreated and treated AgNPs-H2O samples, with evaluation of the antioxidant activity of the nanoparticles themselves and ascorbic acid as a positive control. Results showed that AgNPs-H2O increased proline concentration and antioxidant activity in both tested winter cereal varieties compared to the controls, while extract yield was higher with the application of certain concentrations. This highlights the potential of AgNPs-H2O to improve the tolerance of winter cereals to cold and low temperatures through increased antioxidant activity.
High performance velocity analysis for multi-AVO seismic data
Authors: XU Yankai , Li Jiawei , Qi Jiao , Cao Siyuan , Liu Hongwei , Li Weiling , Zhu Hongduo 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Improving the velocity spectrum resolution is challenging because the field data contains some noise and polarity inversion in many cases. Although the AB semblance and local similarity method can deal with the seismic data with single polarity reversal, they do not perform as well for noisy and multi-AVO data. In this paper, we proposed a symbolic-weighted velocity analysis velocity spectrum analysis method to solve these problems. Firstly, to correct the polarity of multiple AVO seismic data, we adopt a technology using the symbolic information between adjacent traces. Then, considering the singular value distribution characteristics of seismic data in velocity scanning, the RSVD algorithm which is a modified mode of the singular value decomposition is used to improve the recognition sensitivity of hyperbolic events and suppress the influence of noise. Synthetic and field examples demonstrate that, compared with conventional semblance, local semblance and SBWS, the proposed method has higher precision and stronger anti-noise performance for the noisy multi-AVO seismic data.