bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deeper and stronger North Atlantic Gyre during the Last Glacial Maximum
Authors: Wharton Jack H. , Renoult Martin , Gebbie Geoffrey , Keigwin Lloyd D. , Marchitto Thomas M. , Maslin Mark A. , Oppo Delia W. , Thornalley David J. R. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSubtropical gyre (STG) depth and strength are controlled by wind stress curl and surface buoyancy forcing1,2. Modern hydrographic data reveal that the STG extends to a depth of about 1 km in the Northwest Atlantic, with its maximum depth defined by the base of the subtropical thermocline. Despite the likelihood of greater wind stress curl and surface buoyancy loss during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM)3, previous work suggests minimal change in the depth of the glacial STG4. Here we show a sharp glacial water mass boundary between 33° N and 36° N extending down to between 2.0 and 2.5 km—approximately 1 km deeper than today. Our findings arise from benthic foraminiferal δ18O profiles from sediment cores in two depth transects at Cape Hatteras (36–39° N) and Blake Outer Ridge (29–34° N) in the Northwest Atlantic. This result suggests that the STG, including the Gulf Stream, was deeper and stronger during the LGM than at present, which we attribute to increased glacial wind stress curl, as supported by climate model simulations, as well as greater glacial production of denser subtropical mode waters (STMWs). Our data suggest (1) that subtropical waters probably contributed to the geochemical signature of what is conventionally identified as Glacial North Atlantic Intermediate Water (GNAIW)5–7 and (2) the STG helped sustain continued buoyancy loss, water mass conversion and northwards meridional heat transport (MHT) in the glacial North Atlantic.
Glutamate acts on acid-sensing ion channels to worsen ischaemic brain injury
Authors: Lai Ke , Pritišanac Iva , Liu Zhen-Qi , Liu Han-Wei , Gong Li-Na , Li Ming-Xian , Lu Jian-Fei , Qi Xin , Xu Tian-Le , Forman-Kay Julie , Shi Hai-Bo , Wang Lu-Yang , Yin Shan-Kai 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGlutamate is traditionally viewed as the first messenger to activate NMDAR (N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor)-dependent cell death pathways in stroke1,2, but unsuccessful clinical trials with NMDAR antagonists implicate the engagement of other mechanisms3–7. Here we show that glutamate and its structural analogues, including NMDAR antagonist l-AP5 (also known as APV), robustly potentiate currents mediated by acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) associated with acidosis-induced neurotoxicity in stroke4. Glutamate increases the affinity of ASICs for protons and their open probability, aggravating ischaemic neurotoxicity in both in vitro and in vivo models. Site-directed mutagenesis, structure-based modelling and functional assays reveal a bona fide glutamate-binding cavity in the extracellular domain of ASIC1a. Computational drug screening identified a small molecule, LK-2, that binds to this cavity and abolishes glutamate-dependent potentiation of ASIC currents but spares NMDARs. LK-2 reduces the infarct volume and improves sensorimotor recovery in a mouse model of ischaemic stroke, reminiscent of that seen in mice with Asic1a knockout or knockout of other cation channels4–7. We conclude that glutamate functions as a positive allosteric modulator for ASICs to exacerbate neurotoxicity, and preferential targeting of the glutamate-binding site on ASICs over that on NMDARs may be strategized for developing stroke therapeutics lacking the psychotic side effects of NMDAR antagonists.
Six years of high-resolution climatic data collected along an elevation gradient in the Italian Alps
Authors: Zandonai Alessandro , Fontana Veronika , Klotz Johannes , Bertoldi Giacomo , Crepaz Harald , Tappeiner Ulrike , Niedrist Georg 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe complex meso- and microclimatic heterogeneity inherent to mountainous regions, driven by both topographic and biotic factors, and the lack of observations, poses significant challenges to using climate models to predict and understand impacts at various scales. We present here a six-year dataset (2017–2022) of continuous climatic measurements collected at five elevations from 983 m to 2705 m above sea level in the Val Mazia - Matschertal valley in the Italian Alps. The measurements include the air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and direction, solar radiation, soil properties, precipitation, and snow height. Collected within the European Long-Term Ecological Research program (LTER), this dataset is freely available in an open access repository. The time series may be valuable for the validation of regional climate models, atmospheric exchange modelling, and providing support for hydrological models and remote sensing products in mountain environments. Additionally, our data may be useful for research on the influence of elevation on ecological processes such as vegetation growth, plant composition, and soil biology. Beyond its utility in advancing such fundamental research, meteorological monitoring data contribute to informed socio-political decisions on climate adaptation strategies, land management, and water resource planning, enhancing the safety and resilience of mountain communities and biodiversity.
Experimental, theoretical and numerical simulation-based investigations on the fabricated Cu2ZnSn thin-film-based Schottky diodes with enhanced electron transport for solar cell
Authors: Mukhamale Sachin V. , Kartha Moses J. , Khirade Pankaj P. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCopper-zinc-tin Cu2ZnSn (CZT) thin films are promising materials for solar cell applications. This thin film was deposited on a fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) using an electrochemical deposition hierarchy. X-ray diffraction of thin-film studies confirms the variation in the structural orientation of CZT on the FTO surface. As the pH of the solution is increased, the nature of the CZT thin-film aggregate changes from a fern-like leaf CZT dendrite crystal to a disk pattern. The FE-SEM surface micrograph shows the dendrite fern leaf and sharp edge disks. The 2-D diffusion limitation aggregation under slippery conditions for ternary thin films was performed for the first time. The simulation showed that by changing the diffusing species, the sticking probability was responsible for the pH-dependent morphological change. Convincingly, diffusion-limited aggregation (DLA) simulations confirm that the initial structure of copper is responsible for the final structure of the CZT thin films. An experimental simulation with pH as a controlled parameter revealed phase transition in CZT thin films. The top and back contact of Ag-CZT thin films based on Schottky behavior give a better electronic mechanism in superstrate and substrate solar cells.
Visual perspective taking neural processing in forensic cases with high density EEG
Authors: Rochas Vincent , Montandon Marie-Louise , Rodriguez Cristelle , Herrmann François R. , Eytan Ariel , Pegna Alan J. , Michel Christoph M. , Giannakopoulos Panteleimon 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis EEG study aims at dissecting the differences in the activation of neural generators between borderline personality disorder patients with court-ordered measures (BDL-COM) and healthy controls in visual perspective taking. We focused on the distinction between mentalizing (Avatar) and non-mentalizing (Arrow) stimuli as well as self versus other-perspective in the dot perspective task (dPT) in a sample of 15 BDL-COM cases and 54 controls, all of male gender. BDL-COM patients showed a late and diffuse right hemisphere involvement of neural generators contrasting with the occipitofrontal topography observed in controls. For Avatars only and compared to controls, the adoption of Self perspective involved a lower EEG activity in the left inferior frontal, right middle temporal cortex and insula in BDL-COM patients prior to 80 ms post-stimulus. When taking the Other-perspective, BDL-COM patients also showed a lower activation of superior frontal, right inferior temporal and fusiform cortex within the same time frame. The beta oscillation power was significantly lower in BDL-COM patients than controls between 400 and 1300 ms post stimulus in the Avatar-Other condition. These results indicate that BDL-COM patients display both altered topography of EEG activation patterns and reduced abilities to mobilize beta oscillations during the treatment of mentalistic stimuli in dPT.
Optimizing the location of vaccination sites to stop a zoonotic epidemic
Authors: Castillo-Neyra Ricardo , Xie Sherrie , Bellotti Brinkley Raynor , Diaz Elvis W. , Saxena Aris , Toledo Amparo M. , Condori-Luna Gian Franco , Rieders Maria , Bhattacharya Bhaswar B. , Levy Michael Z. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMass vaccinations are crucial public health interventions for curbing infectious diseases. Canine rabies control relies on mass dog vaccination campaigns (MDVCs) that are held annually across the globe. Dog owners must bring their pets to fixed vaccination sites, but sometimes target coverage is not achieved due to low participation. Travel distance to vaccination sites is an important barrier to participation. We aimed to increase MDVC participation in silico by optimally placing fixed-point vaccination locations. We quantified participation probability based on walking distance to the nearest vaccination site using regression models fit to participation data collected over 4 years. We used computational recursive interchange techniques to optimally place fixed-point vaccination sites and compared predicted participation with these optimally placed vaccination sites to actual locations used in previous campaigns. Algorithms that minimized average walking distance or maximized expected participation provided the best solutions. Optimal vaccination placement is expected to increase participation by 7% and improve spatial evenness of coverage, resulting in fewer under-vaccinated pockets. However, unevenness in workload across sites remained. Our data-driven algorithm optimally places limited resources to increase overall vaccination participation and equity. Field evaluations are essential to assess effectiveness and evaluate potentially longer waiting queues resulting from increased participation.
Single-cell and extracellular nano-vesicles biosensing through phase spectral analysis of optical fiber tweezers back-scattering signals
Authors: Barros Beatriz J. , Cunha João P. S. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDiagnosis of health disorders relies heavily on detecting biological data and accurately observing pathological changes. A significant challenge lies in detecting targeted biological signals and developing reliable sensing technology for clinically relevant results. The combination of data analytics with the sensing abilities of Optical Fiber Tweezers (OFT) provides a high-capability, multifunctional biosensing approach for biophotonic tools. In this work, we introduced phase as a new domain to obtain light patterns in OFT back-scattering signals. By applying a multivariate data analysis procedure, we extract phase spectral information for discriminating micro and nano (bio)particles. A newly proposed method—Hilbert Phase Slope—presented high suitability for differentiation problems, providing features able to discriminate with statistical significance two optically trapped human tumoral cells (MKN45 gastric cell line) and two classes of non-trapped cancer-derived extracellular nanovesicles – an important outcome in view of the current challenges of label-free bio-detection for multifunctional single-molecule analytic tools.
Zur eigenständigen Durchführung von heilkundlichen Maßnahmen durch Notfallsanitäter im Rettungsdienst – ein narratives Review auf Grundlage retrospektiver Untersuchungen von Notfallprotokollen
Authors: Koch Sebastian , Buhtz Christian , Wolf Florian 
Published: July 2024

ZusammenfassungLaut aktueller Studienlage führen Notfallsanitäter trotz Freigabe wenige invasive heilkundliche Maßnahmen nach § 4 Absatz 2 Nr. 1c und 2c des Notfallsanitätergesetzes (NotSanG) durch.Für dieses narrative Review konnten mittels eines spezifischen Rechercheprinzips 8 relevante Primärstudien identifiziert werden. Ziel war es, die vorliegenden Daten der eingeschlossenen Studien hinsichtlich der selbstständig durchgeführten invasiven heilkundlichen Maßnahmen durch Notfallsanitäter zu kategorisieren und zu vergleichen.Insgesamt gingen ngesamt = 60524 Einsätze von Notfallsanitätern ohne ärztliche Beteiligung in die Analyse ein. Es wurde deutlich, dass nur in 17,2% der eigenständig durchgeführten Einsätze invasive heilkundliche Maßnahmen nach § 4 Absatz 2 Nr. 1c und 2c NotSanG angewendet wurden. Hiervon konnten in n2c

Med. = 56507 rettungsdienstlicher Einsätze pharmakologische Maßnahmen ohne ärztliche Beteiligung ausgewertet werden. Notfallsanitäter führten in nur 1,7% dieser Einsätze selbstständige pharmakologische Maßnahmen nach § 4 Absatz 2 Nr. 2c NotSanG durch.Weitere Untersuchungen beruflicher Handlungsfelder in der Notfall- und Rettungsmedizin sind notwendig, um Versorgungsstrukturen zu analysieren und zu optimieren. Dies ermöglicht nicht nur Rückschlüsse auf die zukünftige Aus-, Fort- und Weiterbildung von Notfallsanitätern, sondern es eröffnet die Möglichkeit, außerklinische Versorgungsstrukturen dem aktuellen Stand der Wissenschaft und den tatsächlichen Versorgungsbedarfen der Patienten anzupassen.
Reducing Fear and Enhancing Aesthetics: Orthodontic Management with Video Self-Modeling in an Adolescent with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Dutta Kripa , Saha Swagata , Reddy Harshita , Reenayai Ngangbam , Shetty Rajmohan Y. , Rai Kavita , Raman Nair Manju 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Introduction Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) presents challenges in social interaction and communication, particularly in the context of orthodontic treatment where patients may experience heightened anxiety. This case report introduces an innovative approach that utilizes video self-modeling (VSM) to address these challenges and enhance the orthodontic treatment experience for adolescents with ASD.
Case Report An 11-year-old female patient with ASD required orthodontic treatment. Conventional behavioral guidance techniques were unsuccessful because of the patient's anxiety and sensory sensitivity. Utilizing VSM, we crafted personalized video content to illustrate the dental procedure, significantly alleviating patient's fear and anxiety. This approach led to the successful completion of her orthodontic treatment.
Conclusion This case report underscores the effectiveness of VSM as a valuable behavioral guidance technique in orthodontic treatment for adolescents with ASD. By alleviating anxiety and fear, VSM has the potential to significantly enhance the dental care experience and promote improved oral health and well-being in this specific patient population.
Comparison Efficacy of Phenobarbital versus Levetiracetam in Acute Neonatal Seizures: A Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Saadati Alireza , Kalhor Narges , Afshari Sara , Hassanvand Amouzadeh Masoud , Saffari Mansoreh , Mollamohamadi Mohsen 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSeizures in infancy are one of the main manifestations of disorders in the central nervous system that can have important etiologies. The development of anticonvulsant drugs and the importance of drug selection in infants, due to more complex underlying etiologies, compared with older ages, explicate the essentiality of executing clinical investigations to appraise the optimal therapeutic approach. The objective of the current investigation is to juxtapose two therapeutic approaches involving intravenous levetiracetam and intravenous phenobarbital in the management of neonatal seizures. This is a randomized controlled clinical trial study on 100 infants who were referred to the Hazrat Masoumeh (S) Hospital in Qom owing to convulsions. Infants with seizure who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were arbitrarily allocated to one of the two intervention cohorts: intravenous levetiracetam or intravenous phenobarbital, and therapeutic responses were compared. There was a substantial relationship between seizure time, seizure etiology, anticonvulsant therapy type, and treatment responsiveness. As a result, the risks of not responding to therapy and increasing the dose were approximately 6 and 5 times higher, respectively, in the group that experienced seizures in the fourth week than in the other groups. Infants with cerebrovascular anomalies were more prone to not responding to treatment. Furthermore, children administered phenobarbital had a 2.5-fold higher chance of not responding to treatment than those given levetiracetam (p = 0.043).
Clinical Characteristics of Necrotizing Enterocolitis Diagnosed by Independent Adjudication of Abdominal Radiographs, Laparotomy, or Autopsy in Preterm Infants in the “Connection Trial”
Authors: Neu Josef , Singh Rachana , Demetrian Mihaela , Flores-Torres Jaime , Hudak Mark , Zupancic John A. , Kronström Anders , Rastad Jonas , Strömberg Staffan , Thuresson Marcus ,   The “Connection Study” Group
Published: July 2024

Objective Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) classically is diagnosed by radiographic demonstration of pneumatosis intestinalis/portal venous gas (PI/PVG). This study examines clinical characteristics of NEC confirmed by independent evaluation of abdominal radiographs, taken for clinical signs of NEC, or by pathologic findings at laparotomy or autopsy (confirmed NEC [cNEC]).
Study Design The investigated cohort included 1,382 extremely low birth weight (BW) infants (BW range: 500–1,000 g) with median 27 weeks (range: 23–32) gestational age (GA) at birth. They were randomized into the placebo-controlled “Connection Trial” of the new biological drug candidate IBP-9414 with cNEC as one primary endpoint.
Results Total 119 infants (8.6%) had cNEC diagnosed at median 14 days of age by confirming PI/PVG at X-ray adjudication (n = 111) and/or by surgery/autopsy (n = 21). Sixteen percent of cNEC cases died. Adverse events of NEC were reported in 8.5% of infants and 4.1% had NEC diagnosed by radiology and surgery/autopsy at the participating centers. Regression analyses showed that the risk of cNEC decreased by 11 to 30% for every 100-g increment in BW and single-week increment in GA and associated cNEC with odds ratios (ORs) > 2.0 for gastrointestinal (GI) perforation and obstruction, hypotension, hypokalemia, hypophosphatemia, and death. Comparing risks of cNEC in infants below and above 750-g BW showed higher ORs (2.7–4.3) for GI perforation, hypotension, hypokalemia, and renal complications in the smaller infants, whereas the bigger infants had higher ORs (1.9–3.2) for serious non-GI events, late-onset sepsis (LOS), and death. Predictors of cNEC (hazard ratio, HR > 1.5) included serious non-GI events (mainly infections), hyponatremia, and hyperglycemia, whereas the HR was 0.52 for intravenous antibiotics. After cNEC diagnosis, there were higher rates of GI perforation and obstruction, hypotension, hypokalemia, and LOS.
Conclusion Independent adjudication of abdominal radiographs increased radiological recognition of NEC and proved to be feasible in a multicenter study setting as well as able to diagnose clinically relevant NEC.
Key Points
Stochastic computer experiments of the thermodynamic irreversibility of bulk nanobubbles in supersaturated and weak gas–liquid solutions
Authors: Al-Awad Abdulrahman S. , Batet Lluis , Rives Ronny , Sedano Luis 
Published: July 2024

Spontaneous gas-bubble nucleation in weak gas–liquid solutions has been a challenging topic in theory, experimentation, and computer simulations. In analogy with recent advances in crystallization and droplet formation studies, the diffusive-shielding stabilization and thermodynamic irreversibility of bulk nanobubble (bNB) mechanisms are revisited and deployed to characterize nucleation processes in a stochastic framework of computer experiments using the large-scale atomic/molecular massively parallel simulator code. Theoretical bases, assumptions, and limitations underlying the irreversibility hypothesis of bNBs, and their computational counterparts, are extensively described and illustrated. In essence, it is established that the irreversibility hypothesis can be numerically investigated by converging the system volume (due to the finiteness of interatomic forces) and the initial dissolved-gas concentration in the solution (due to the single-bNB limitation). Helium nucleation in liquid Pb17Li alloy is selected as a representative case study, where it exhibits typical characteristics of noble-gas/liquid-metal systems. The proposed framework lays down the bases on which the stability of gas-bNBs in weak and supersaturated gas–liquid solutions can be inferred and explained from a novel perspective. In essence, it stochastically marches toward a unique irreversible state along out-of-equilibrium nucleation/growth trajectories. Moreover, it does not attempt to characterize the interface or any interface-related properties, neither theoretically nor computationally. It was concluded that bNBs of a few tens of He-atoms are irreversible when dissolved-He concentrations in the weak gas–liquid solution are at least ∼50 and ∼105 mol m−3 at 600 and 1000 K (and ∼80 MPa), respectively, whereas classical molecular dynamics -estimated solubilities are at least two orders of magnitude smaller.
Research on thermal mass flowmeter (TMF) measurement of coalbed methane (CBM) well production profile
Authors: Li Lei , Wang Ming , Wang Dahai 
Published: July 2024

Developing coalbed methane (CBM) aligns with global climate change policies and sustainable energy development. Currently, methods for testing gas and water production profiles in CBM wells are diverse. A downhole constant-flow thermal mass flowmeter (TMF) was designed to address the difficulty of testing gas production above the liquid level in low-yield CBM wells. A computational fluid dynamics model with a 125 mm diameter pipe was established to study the TMF’s temperature field and thermal equilibrium time as the gas flow rate changes. The relationship curve between temperature, thermal equilibrium time, and flow rate changes was obtained. The effect of the TMF’s installation angle and position in the wellbore on resolution was discussed. Experimental research on a multiphase flow simulation apparatus showed that the TMF has good response capability and testing accuracy in a gas environment. Measuring downhole flow rates using the thermal flow meters is feasible and meets the testing requirements of CBM wells.