bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
N‐hexane inhalation during pregnancy alters DNA promoter methylation in the ovarian granulosa cells of rat offspring
Authors: Li Hong , Liu Jin , Sun Yan , Wang Wenxiang , Weng Shaozheng , Xiao Shihua , Huang Huiling , Zhang Wenchang 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThe N‐hexane‐induced impact on the reproductive system of the offspring of animals exposed to n‐hexane has caused great concern. Pregnant Wistar rats inhaled 500, 2 500 or 12 500 ppm n‐hexane during gestational days 1–20. Clinical characteristics and developmental indices were observed. Ovarian granulosa cells were extracted from F1 rats, the number of follicles was determined in ovarian slices and promoter methylation was assessed using MeDIP‐Chip. Several methods were used to analyze the scanned genes, including the Gene Ontology Consortium tools, the DAVID Functional Annotation Clustering Tool, hierarchical clustering and KEGG pathway analysis. The results indicated that the live pups/litter ratio was significantly lowest in the 12 500 ppm group. A significant decrease in secondary follicles and an increase in atresic follicles were observed in the 12 500 ppm group. The number of shared demethylated genes was higher than that of the methylated genes, and the differentially methylated genes were enriched in cell death and apoptosis, cell growth and hormone regulation. The methylation profiles of the offspring from the 500 ppm and control groups were different from those of the 2500 and 12 500 ppm groups. Furthermore, the methylation status of genes in the PI3K‐Akt and NF‐kappa B signaling pathways was changed after n‐hexane exposure. The Cyp11a1, Cyp17a1, Hsd3b1, Cyp1a1 and Srd5a1 promoters were hypermethylated in the n‐hexane‐exposed groups. These results indicate that the developmental toxicity of n‐hexane in F1 ovaries is accompanied by the altered methylation of promoters of genes associated with apoptotic processes and steroid hormone biosynthesis. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cbl‐family proteins as regulators of cytoskeleton‐dependent phenomena
Authors: Lee Hojin , Tsygankov Alexander Y. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTAlthough the role of Cbl‐family proteins as key cellular regulators has been established, phenomena regulated in a Cbl‐dependent fashion are multiple and the mechanisms mediating the effects of Cbl proteins are diverse. This finding makes it important to consider different phenomena affected by functions of Cbl proteins individually. Among effects of Cbl on various biological functions there are many cases of regulation of cellular phenomena related to cytoskeletal rearrangements, such as cell adhesion, motility and invasion. Some of these regulatory functions are mediated by adaptor‐type interactions of Cbl, especially by Cbl‐dependent modulation of phosphatidyl‐inositol‐3′ kinase (PI3K), while others are caused by Cbl‐dependent ubiquitylation of various cytoskeletal and regulatory proteins, identified and unidentified. The role of Cbl in regulation of cytoskeleton‐dependent cellular functions is discussed in this review. J. Cell. Physiol. 228: 2285–2293, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Iron Chelation in the Treatment of Cancer: A New Role for Deferasirox?
Authors: Bedford Matthew R. , Ford Samuel J. , Horniblow Richard D. , Iqbal Tariq H. , Tselepis Chris 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIron plays a crucial role in a number of metabolic pathways including oxygen transport, DNA synthesis, and ATP generation. Although insufficient systemic iron can result in physical impairment, excess iron has also been implicated in a number of diseases including ischemic heart disease, diabetes, and cancer. Iron chelators are agents which bind iron and facilitate its excretion. Experimental iron chelators have demonstrated potent anti‐neoplastic properties in a number of cancers in vitro. These agents have yet to be translated into clinical practice, however, largely due to the significant side effects encountered in pre‐clinical models. A number of licenced chelators, however, are currently in clinical use for the treatment of iron overload associated with certain non‐neoplastic diseases. Deferasirox is one such agent and the drug has shown significant anti‐tumor effects in a number of in vitro and in vivo studies. Deferasirox is orally administered and has demonstrated a good side effect profile in clinical practice to date. It represents an attractive agent to take forward into clinical trials of iron chelators as anti‐cancer agents.
Unusual parotid gland lesions: A pictorial review
Authors: Cho C.M. , Tong S.L. , Bhatia K.S. , Wong K.T. , Yuen H.Y. , Lee Y.P. , Ahuja A.T. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThis is a pictorial essay of unusual parotid gland lesions that may be encountered in routine clinical practice. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 41:501–508, 2013;
Modeling cosmic ray proton induced terrestrial neutron flux: A look‐up table
Authors: Overholt Andrew C. , Melott Adrian L. , Atri Dimitra 
Published: June 2013

AbstractNeutrons contribute a significant radiation dose at commercial passenger airplane altitudes. With cosmic ray energies > 1 GeV, these effects could, in principle, be propagated to ground level. Under current conditions, the cosmic ray spectrum incident on the Earth is dominated by particles with energies < 1 GeV. Astrophysical shocks from events such as supernovae accelerate high‐energy cosmic rays (HECRs) well above this range. The Earth is likely episodically exposed to a greatly increased HECR flux from such events. Solar events of smaller energies are much more common and short lived but still remain a topic of interest due to the ground level enhancements they produce. The air showers produced by cosmic rays (CRs) ionize the atmosphere and produce harmful secondary particles such as muons and neutrons. Although the secondary spectra from current day terrestrial cosmic ray flux are well known, this is not true for spectra produced by many astrophysical events. This work shows the results of Monte Carlo simulations quantifying the neutron flux due to CRs at various primary energies and altitudes. We provide here look‐up tables that can be used to determine neutron fluxes from proton primaries with kinetic energies of 1 MeV–1 PeV. By convolution, one can compute the neutron flux for any arbitrary CR spectrum. This contrasts with all other similar works, which are spectrum dependent. Our results demonstrate the difficulty in deducing the nature of primaries from the spectrum of ground level neutron enhancements.
Impact of aerosols on tropical cyclones: An investigation using convection‐permitting model simulation
Authors: Hazra Anupam , Mukhopadhyay P. , Taraphdar S. , Chen J.‐P. , Cotton William R. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe role of aerosols' effect on two tropical cyclones over the Bay of Bengal is investigated using a convection‐permitting model with a two‐moment mixed‐phase bulk cloud microphysics scheme. The simulation results show the role of aerosol on the microphysical and dynamical properties of the cloud and bring out the change in efficiency of the clouds in producing precipitation. The tracks of the tropical cyclones (TCs) are hardly affected by the changing aerosol concentrations, but the intensity exhibits significant sensitivity due to the change in aerosol concentration. It is also clearly seen from the analyses that higher heating in the middle troposphere within the cyclone center is in response to latent heat release as a consequence of greater graupel formation. Greater heating in the middle level is particularly noticeable for the clean aerosol regime which causes enhanced divergence in the upper level, which, in turn, forces lower level convergence. As a result, the cleaner aerosol perturbation is more unstable within the cyclone core and produces a more intense cyclone as compared to the other two aerosol perturbations. This study, along with previous simulations, shows the robustness of the concept of TC weakening by storm ingestion of high concentrations of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). The consistency of these model results gives us confidence in stating that there is a high probability that ingestion of high CCN concentrations in a TC will lead to weakening of the storm but has little impact on storm direction. Moreover, as pollution is increasing over the Indian subcontinent, this study suggests that pollution may be weakening TCs over the Bay of Bengal.
A new high‐resolution central and western Saharan summertime dust source map from automated satellite dust plume tracking
Authors: Ashpole Ian , Washington Richard 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIn this paper, we outline a new objective dust source detection method for the central and western Sahara (CWS), based on the automated tracking of individual dust plumes in data from the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager, available every 15 mins. at ~0.03° spatial resolution. The method is used to map the origin of summertime dust storms in the CWS for June – August 2004 – 2010. It reveals the sources of these events in unprecedented detail, allowing for the identification of specific, highly active source areas. The study of collocated surface features reveals that many of the dominant sources are likely associated with paleolakes and outwash plains, many in close proximity to the Saharan mountains. Extensive nonsource areas are associated with low albedo and elevated terrain, pointing to the mountainous regions of the Sahara. Additionally, sand seas are not identified as important source areas, but their margins sometimes are. The automated tracking method also facilitates analysis of the transport direction of dust plumes from key source regions and the inference of emission mechanisms. It is found that there are two broad domains within the CWS: one in southwest Algeria and northwest Mali, characterized primarily by transport toward the southwest and very likely dominated by low‐level jets embedded in the northeasterly Harmattan winds; and a second in southern Algeria, northwest Niger, and northeast Mali where there is no preferred transport direction and a strong potential association between dust events and deep convection, pointing toward cold pool outflows as the likely deflation mechanism.
The Common Language of Leadership
Authors: Seemiller Corey , Murray Thomas 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAs our complex society continues to call for leadership across all career fields, preparing leaders at the college level can be challenging. This article outlines the results of a comprehensive examination of learning outcomes of 475 academic programs within 72 academic accrediting organizations in regard to student leadership development. The purpose of the current study was twofold: (a) to understand better what competencies college students need to develop in order to engage in leadership in their respective career fields and (b) to use research findings to develop a list of leadership competencies across academic disciplines, serving as a “common language” for use in program planning, course development, as well as individual student advising and mentoring. The Student Leadership Competencies have been translated to contemporary leadership models such as the Relational Leadership Model, the Social Change Model of Leadership Development, the Five Practices of Exemplary Leadership, Emotionally Intelligent Leadership, and the CAS Standards. Implications for the use of the Student Leadership Competencies in program development, program assessment, and the development of strategic partnerships are also discussed.
A prospective pilot study to evaluate combined topical photodynamic therapy and surgery for extramammary paget's disease
Authors: Wang Hong‐wei , Lv Ting , Zhang Ling‐lin , Lai Yong‐xian , Tang Li , Tang Yi‐chen , Huang Zheng , Wang Xiu‐li 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackground and objectiveExtramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) is a rare intra‐epithelial neoplasm. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice. The usefulness of topical photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the treatment of EMPD has been reported. The objective of this prospective pilot study was to investigate the feasibility of combined PDT and surgery in the treatment of EMPD.Subjects and MethodsA total of 13 patients with 19 large EMPD lesions were recruited and assigned to surgery (n = 5) or PDT + surgery (n = 8) group. For the PDT + surgery group, four sessions of topical PDT mediated with 20% 5‐aminolevulinic acid (ALA‐PDT) were applied prior to surgery. Patients were followed up for 12 months. Treatment outcomes, adverse reactions and recurrence were compared.ResultsIn the surgery group, recurrence was seen in 2 out of 8 lesions (25%). In the combination group, over 58% reduction in lesion size was achieved after 4‐sessions of PDT and recurrence was seen in 1 out of 11 lesions (9.1%) after surgery.ConclusionsMultiple ALA‐PDT could be applied to reduce the severity of EMPD lesion and improve the success of surgery. Lasers Surg. Med. 45:296–301, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Microphase Separation in the Bulk inABATriblock Copolymer‐based Model Conetworks: Effects of Core Crowding and Loop Formation
Authors: Karbarz Marcin , Stojek Zbigniew , Patrickios Costas S. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe microphase separation in the bulk, in the strong segregation limit, of model conetworks based on end‐linked ABA triblock copolymers was investigated by calculating and minimizing the total Gibbs free energy for the various possible morphologies. The results of this study comprise a phase diagram with the prevailing morphologies mapped against junction functionality and conetwork composition, and the various geometrical parameters of the system at equilibrium, including the domain sizes and the aspect ratios. In the free‐energy calculations for the assembly of the anisotropic morphologies, cylinders and lamellae, two important characteristics of the system were taken into consideration: core crowding at high core functionality, and topological loop formation upon self‐assembly. The former leads to an increase in the elastic energy of the core‐forming chains, whereas the latter results in a reduction in the stretching energy of the chains. The results of this study suggest that spheres are favored by a high core functionality (100–200) and a low volume fraction (≤0.15) of the A end‐block, whereas lamellae are promoted by an intermediate core functionality (20–100) and a relatively high A‐block volume fraction (≥0.30).
Analysis of video‐polysomnographic sleep findings in dementia with Lewy bodies
Authors: Terzaghi Michele , Arnaldi Dario , Rizzetti Maria Cristina , Minafra Brigida , Cremascoli Riccardo , Rustioni Valter , Zangaglia Roberta , Pasotti Chiara , Sinforiani Elena , Pacchetti Claudio , Manni Raffaele 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTKnowledge of sleep architecture and disorders of nocturnal sleep in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is limited by a lack of systematic video‐polysomnographic (video‐PSG) investigations. We describe video‐PSG findings in 29 consecutive subjects diagnosed with DLB. All the patients underwent a clinical interview and overnight video‐PSG monitoring. Twenty‐nine nondemented patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) matched for age and sex with the DLB cases were selected for comparison. The DLB subjects showed less 1NREM sleep (P = .000) and more 2NREM sleep (P = .000) than the PD subjects. Sleep apnea (30.7% vs. 34.8%) and periodic limb movements (60.9% versus 50.0%) were frequent in both groups. Disruptive motor behavioral manifestations were more frequent in subjects with DLB (69.6% vs. 26.9%, P = .008) and consisted of not only REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) but also confusional events (30.3% vs. 3.8%, P = .020) and arousal‐related episodes mimicking RBD. Subjects with DLB in whom a sleep disturbance had been the presenting symptom performed better than those with other onset symptoms on both the Mini–Mental State Examination (22.2 ± 4.1 vs. 18.1 ± 4.6, P = .019) and the Frontal Assessment Battery (15.8 vs. 10.3, P = .010). Polysomnographic findings in DLB show a complex mix of overlapping sleep alterations: impaired sleep structure, sleep comorbidities, and various motor‐behavioral events (not restricted to RBD). Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of misleading symptoms and of the risk of overlooking sleep comorbidities, and consider performing polysomnographic sleep investigations in selected cases. We found evidence that a sleep disturbance as the presenting symptom might indicate a different phenotype of the disease, characterized by milder cognitive impairment. © 2013 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Coexistence of peripheral myelin protein 22 and dystrophin mutations in a chinese boy
Authors: Wang Zhanjun , Cui Fang , Chen Dajun , Pu Chuanqiang , Chen Zhaohui , Yang Fei , Wu Honghu , Huang Xusheng 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTIntroduction: We describe a 10‐year‐old Chinese boy with features of Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease (CMT) and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Methods: Case report. Results: Weakness and mild sensory loss in the distal extremities, pes cavus, and nerve conduction findings suggested demyelinating neuropathy, while moderate calf pseudohypertrophy, proximal muscle weakness, a myopathic pattern on electromyography, and deficiency of dystrophin immunohistochemical staining on muscle biopsy indicated DMD. Genetic testing revealed a large deletion spanning exon 50 in the gene coding for dystrophin and duplications in the gene coding for peripheral myelin protein 22. Conclusions: This is an interesting and very rare case of CMT type 1A comorbid with DMD. This results in an unusual phenotype and rapid deterioration of motor function. Usage of both target region capture and next generation sequencing is a powerful tool for predicting precisely the range of the large DNA fragment deletion in DMD. Muscle Nerve 48: 979–983, 2013
Effect of amitriptyline in treatment interstitial cystitis or bladder pain syndrome according to two criteria: Does ESSIC criteria change the response rate?
Authors: Sun Yaofei , Fang Zujun , Ding Qiang , Zheng Jie 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAimsThe European Society for the Study of Interstitial Cystitis (ESSIC) recommended that interstitial cystitis (IC) should be replaced by bladder pain syndrome (BPS), which focused more attention on the painful or discomfort feeling related to bladder and weakened the importance of cystoscopy in diagnosis process. Our study aimed to explore whether this alteration changed the treatment outcomes of amitriptyline and whether cystoscopy was meaningful for the treatment of this disease.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study including 25 IC patients fulfilled the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease (NIDDK) criteria and 42 BPS patients diagnosed according to ESSIC criteria. All the patients received amitriptyline with a self‐uptitration protocol. We compared the response rates of two groups by a patient reported global response assessment after 3 months and reclassified all the 67 patients according to ESSIC criteria, the response rates of different BPS types were also assessed.ResultsThere was no significant difference of response rate between IC patients (12/25, 48%) and BPS patients (19/42, 45.2%) according to different criteria (P = 0.337). The response rate of BPS type 1 (13/30, 43.3%) was similar to that of type 2 or 3 (18/37, 48.6%) (P = 0.664).ConclusionsESSIC criteria did not decrease the response rate of amitriptyline treatment for BPS patients compared to IC patients with complaint of bladder pain or discomfort. Cystoscopy showed no predictive effect for the treatment outcome of amitriptyline. Neurourol. Urodynam. 33:341–344, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
To share or not to share: the role of content and emotion in viral marketing
Authors: Botha Elsamari , Reyneke Mignon 
Published: June 2013

One of the most recent influential trends in the global environment has been the rise of social media. Stakeholders have found a strong voice in social media, and messages are spread among social media users at an astounding speed across a global landscape. As a result of this phenomenon and in an effort to use this viral spread of messages across social media, companies are increasingly making use of viral marketing. Viral messages are playing an increasingly important role in influencing and shifting public opinion on corporate reputations, brands, and products as well as political parties and public personalities to name but a few.Very little is known about the motivations, attitudes, and behavior of the people who forward viral messages to their online networks. Through in‐depth interviews with college‐going Generation Y consumers, we explore this relationship between viral media and emotions. We look at two very specific components of online videos that have gone viral: first, the relevance of the video's content and, second, participants' emotional reaction to these videos to try and better explain the viral spread of online video messages. The paper concludes by proposing a decision tree that interusers might subconsciously experience when deciding whether to share a video with their friends or not. The article concludes with a discussion about future research avenues in the area of emotions and viral marketing. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Is there a need for a universal benefit–risk assessment framework for medicines? Regulatory and industry perspectives
Authors: Leong James , McAuslane Neil , Walker Stuart , Salek Sam 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTPurposeTo explore the current status and need for a universal benefit–risk framework for medicines in regulatory agencies and pharmaceutical companies.MethodsA questionnaire was developed and sent to 14 mature regulatory agencies and 24 major companies. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics, for a minority of questions preceded by manual grouping of the responses.ResultsOverall response rate was 82%, and study participants included key decision makers from agencies and companies. None used a fully quantitative system, most companies preferring a qualitative method. The major reasons for this group not using semi‐quantitative or quantitative systems were lack of a universal and scientifically validated framework. The main advantages of a benefit–risk framework were that it provided a systematic standardised approach to decision‐making and that it acted as a tool to enhance quality of communication. It was also reported that a framework should be of value to both agencies and companies throughout the life cycle of a product. They believed that it is possible to develop an overarching benefit–risk framework that should involve relevant stakeholders in the development, validation and application of a universal framework. The entire cohort indicated common barriers to implementing a framework were resource limitations, a lack of knowledge and a scientifically validated and acceptable framework.ConclusionsStakeholders prefer a semi‐quantitative, overarching framework that incorporates a toolbox of different methodologies. A coordinating committee of relevant stakeholders should be formed to guide its development and implementation. Through engaging the stakeholders, these outcomes confirm sentiments and need for developing a universal benefit–risk assessment framework. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.