bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combined sildenafil with vacuum erection device therapy in the management of diabetic men with erectile dysfunction after failure of first‐line sildenafil monotherapy
Authors: Sun Lu , Peng Fang‐Li , Yu Zhi‐Ling , Liu Cai‐Ling , Chen Jun 
Published: July 2014

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of combination therapy of sildenafil plus vacuum erection devices in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus with moderate to severe erectile dysfunction who are dissatisfied with the results of using sildenafil alone.MethodsThe study included 66 diabetes mellitus patients presenting erectile dysfunction for at least 6 months and dissatisfied with the use of 100 mg sildenafil monotherapy. The patients were randomized in two groups. Those in group A (n = 33) were instructed to use a vacuum erection device only, whereas those in group B (n = 33) were treated with combination therapy, including sildenafil 100 mg and a vacuum erection device. Erectile function was evaluated subjectively using the International Index of Erectile Function, Sexual Encounter Profile questionnaire questions 2 and 3 at visit 1 (baseline; study entry), visit 2 (4 weeks after baseline), and visit 3 (12 weeks after baseline; study end).ResultsThere were no significant differences in average patient age, duration of diabetes, duration of erectile dysfunction, baseline International Index of Erectile Function scores, hypertension, blood testosterone, smoking and alcohol consumption between two groups. Mean International Index of Erectile Function scores were significantly higher for group B at the 1‐month (14.86 ± 2.17 vs 12.41 ± 2.63; P < 0.0001) and 3‐months (17.53 ± 2.95 vs 14.29 ± 2.81; P < 0.0001) visits. Men in group B had better successful penetration (73.3% vs 46.6%) and successful intercourse (70% vs 46.6%) at 3 months compared with group A.ConclusionCombined use of sildenafil and vacuum erection device therapy significantly enhances erectile function, and it is well tolerated by diabetes mellitus patients not responding to first‐line sildenafil alone.
Challenges to and opportunities for improving mental health services for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people in Ireland: A narrative account
Authors: McCann Edward , Sharek Danika 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe views and opinions of people who use mental health services are being increasingly acknowledged in relation to rights‐based, socially‐inclusive, and recovery‐oriented care. However, little is known of the experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people in this respect. The aim of the present study was to explore the experiences and needs of LGBT people in relation to mental health services. The study was an exploratory design utilizing mixed methods. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected using a survey instrument (n = 125) and in‐depth semistructured interviews (n = 20) with a sample of people who had completed the survey. This paper will report on the findings from the interview data. The data were thematically analysed, and the main themes that emerged included accessing services, treatment choices, mental health service experiences, and other supports. The findings inform the discussion, and recommendations are made in terms of future mental health practice, education, and research.
Margaret Thatcher, the Thatcherite intellectuals and the fate of Keynes
Authors: Trumpbour John 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIn the early 1970s, major political leaders of the centre‐right such as Richard M. Nixon proudly declared their allegiance to the Keynesian consensus and the welfare state. By the mid‐1970s, this consensus unravelled so rapidly that even the leader of Britain's Labour Party came to regard Keynesian medicine as ineffectual. Seeking to demolish several foundations of the Keynesian welfare state, Thatcherism soon attracted economists and policy pundits eager to defend its achievements, including in North America at such bygone hotbeds of Keynesianism as Harvard University. This essay seeks to probe cherished mythologies of Thatcherism that she restored Britain's economic dynamism, streamlined government and revived plucky entrepreneurship. Her intellectual admirers have largely averted their eyes from law‐and‐order repression and the rewards delivered to politically connected insiders, most dramatically those policies unleashing finance capitalists and extending the tentacles of the Murdoch media empire.
Do unions redistribute income from capital to labour? Union density and wage shares since 1960
Authors: Bengtsson Erik 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe income distribution between capital and labour is understudied within industrial relations. This article investigates the relationship between union density, taken as an indicator of the bargaining power of unions, and the wage share of national income in 16 advanced capitalist economies since 1960. It is shown that overall there is a positive relationship between union density and the wage share, as one would expect. But the relationship is weak or non‐existent in the Nordic countries, and in some specifications in Germany and Anglo‐Saxon countries, and overall it is weak in the 1980s and early 1990s. The article discusses the differences between countries in relationship to the literature on corporatism and wage moderation, and the decreasing effect over time with reference to increased global competition and conservatism of monetary policy from about 1980 on, increasing unions' incentives for wage moderation policies.
The effectiveness of a twice‐daily skin‐moisturising regimen for reducing the incidence of skin tears
Authors: Carville Keryln , Leslie Gavin , Osseiran‐Moisson Rebecca , Newall Nelly , Lewin Gill 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA cluster randomised controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a twice‐daily moisturising regimen as compared to ‘usual’ skin care for reducing skin tear incidence. Aged care residents from 14 Western Australian facilities (980 beds) were invited to participate. The facilities were sorted into pairs and matched in terms of bed numbers and whether they provided high or low care. One facility from each matched pair was randomised to the intervention group. Consenting residents in an intervention facility received a twice‐daily application of a commercially available, standardised pH neutral, perfume‐free moisturiser on their extremities. Residents in the control facilities received ad hoc or no standardised skin‐moisturising regimen. Participant numbers were sufficient to detect a 5% difference in incidence rate between the two groups with 80% power and a significance level of P = 0·05, and the inter‐cluster correlation coefficient was 0·034. Data were collected over 6 months. A total of 1396 skin tears on 424 residents were recorded during the study. In the intervention group, the average monthly incidence rate was 5·76 per 1000 occupied bed days as compared to 10·57 in the control group. The application of moisturiser twice daily reduced the incidence of skin tears by almost 50% in residents living in aged care facilities.
Tumour‐suppressor genes in prostatic oncogenesis: a positional approach
Authors: BOOKSTEIN R. , BOVA G.S. , MacGROGAN D. , LEVY A. , ISAACS W.B. 
Published: July 2014

SummaryGenetic alterations, such as mutation, methylation and aneuploidy, are thought to underlie the multistep genesis and progression of many human cancers. However, the genetic events occurring in prostatic oncogenesis are still relatively poorly understood. This is especially so in early‐stage tumours, in which mutations of known oncogenes or tumour‐suppressor genes appear to be quite infrequent. Allelic losses of chromosome arms 7q, 8p, 10, 16q and 18q suggest the involvement of novel suppressor loci on these chromosomes; allelic losses of chromosome arm 8p are especially frequent and may be detected even in early‐stage tumours. We have used a positional approach to seek novel genetic targets in prostate cancer, including allelic‐loss mapping of chromosome 8p and physical mapping of chromosome band 8p22 around the MSR gene. A homozygous somatic deletion in one prostatic nodal metastasis was mapped in this region and spanned 730–970 kb. This region was then examined in detail for expressed sequences. One novel gene, called N33, was found to be silenced by a methylation mechanism in most colon cancer cell lines and some primary colorectal tumours. Characterization of additional chromosome 8p22 candidates is in progress.
The palliative therapy of advanced prostate cancer, with particular reference to the results of recent European clinical trials
Authors: NEWLING D.W.W. 
Published: July 2014

SummaryThe palliative therapy of advanced prostate cancer still remains a perplexing problem. If advanced prostate cancer is defined either as a primary advanced‐stage tumour (T3, T4, N0‐N1), or a rising PSA level after primary and hopefully curative therapy, or the traditional patient presenting with small‐ or large‐volume metastases with or without symptoms, then some 60% of all patients have advanced disease when first seen. There is still a need for the continuation of large prospective, randomized studies in all stages of this common illness, to define the role of the different therapeutic options at our disposal. The urological and urooncological worlds must be patient and not jump to too many early conclusions over the benefit of the various therapies until a statistical advantage for both individual and combined therapeutic options has been shown.
Identifying the paths leading to variation in geographical range size in western North American monkeyflowers
Authors: Sheth Seema N. , Jiménez Iván , Angert Amy L. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAimClosely related species can vary tremendously in size of geographical range, yet the causes of such variation are poorly understood. Prominent hypotheses about range size emphasize effects of niche properties and habitat connectivity via the amount and occupancy of suitable habitat, respectively. Previous studies have examined single hypotheses in isolation; however, we assessed the relative importance of these effects along with their potential interactions, using monkeyflower species (genusMimulus) as a study system.LocationWestern North America.MethodsWe used primary occurrence data and climatic layers to estimate climatic niche breadth and position (relative to average regional climate), connectivity of climatically suitable habitat, and geographical range size of 72 monkeyflower species. Using path analysis, we then assessed the relative importance of climatic niche properties and connectivity of climatically suitable habitat in explaining variation in the amount and occupancy of climatically suitable habitat, respectively, and in turn, variation in geographical range size.ResultsWe documented strong support for the hypothesized effects of climatic niche breadth, but not niche position and connectivity of climatically suitable habitat. Amount of climatically suitable habitat explained more variation in range size than occupancy of climatically suitable habitat, with amount and occupancy of suitable habitat together explainingc. 83% of the variation in range size.Main conclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the first study to show that climatic niche breadth, via its effects on the amount of climatically suitable habitat, is a strong predictor of geographical range size, thereby improving our understanding of the mechanisms driving species rarity.
Difference in Left Ventricular Mass Index Between Hypertensive Patients With and Without Renal Artery Stenosis by Propensity Score Analysis
Authors: Hoshida Shiro , Shinoda Yukinori , Inui Hirooki , Hosoi Ryoji , Teranishi Fumiko , Asaoka Nobuaki , Sugitani Toshifumi , Hamasaki Toshimitsu 
Published: July 2014

This study aimed to define the difference in cardiac hypertrophy between hypertensive patients with and without renal artery stenosis (RAS). When cardiac ultrasonographic examination was performed in 971 consecutive hypertensive outpatients, renal peak systolic velocity (PSV) was examined. Compared with patients without RAS, those with RAS (PSV ≥180 cm/s, 4.1%) were significantly older and included a higher proportion of male patients and had a higher left ventricular mass index (LVMI). A stratified analysis in the selected 120 patients showed that the LVMI was significantly higher in patients with RAS than in those without RAS for each confounding factor such as age and blood pressure. RAS was independently associated with a higher LVMI on propensity score analysis and multivariate analysis. Thus, the difference in LVMI between hypertensive patients with and without RAS was confirmed, irrespective of age and blood pressure, by stratified propensity score analysis and multivariate regression analysis.
The Economy Strikes Back: Support for the EU during the Great Recession
Authors: Gomez Raul 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis article looks at the role of economic conditions in shaping people's attitudes to the EU during the Great Recession. In contrast with previous research, findings suggest that in this particular instance support for the EU across Member States was affected by economic factors. In particular, both higher unemployment and higher interest rates were strongly associated with lower levels of support. Findings also suggest that young Europeans responded more strongly to adverse economic conditions during the crisis. Even though young citizens tend to have more positive attitudes towards the EU than older people, this difference has been significantly reduced in contexts of higher interest rates.
Assessment of partial‐mouth periodontal examination protocols for periodontitis surveillance
Authors: Tran Duong T. , Gay Isabel , Du Xianglin L. , Fu Yunxin , Bebermeyer Richard D. , Neumann Ana S. , Streckfus Charles , Chan Wenyaw , Walji Muhammad F. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate bias associated with nine identified partial‐mouth periodontal examination (PMPE) protocols in estimating periodontitis prevalence using the periodontitis case definition given by the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention and American Academy of Periodontology (CDC/AAP).Material and MethodsPrevalence from full‐mouth examination was determined in a sample of 3667 adults ≥30 years old from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009–2010. Prevalence, absolute bias, relative bias, sensitivity and inflation factor were derived for these protocols according to the CDC/AAP definition and half‐reduced CDC/AAP definition as ≤50% of sites were measured.ResultsBias in moderate and severe periodontitis prevalence ranged between 11.1–52.5% and 27.1–76.3% for full‐mouth mesiobuccal‐distolingual protocol and half‐mouth mesiobuccal protocol respectively; according to the CDC/AAP definition. With half‐reduced CDC/AAP definition, half‐mouth four sites protocol provided small absolute bias (3.2%) and relative bias (9.3%) for the estimates of moderate periodontitis prevalence; corresponding biases for severe periodontitis were −1.2% and −10.2%.ConclusionPeriodontitis prevalence can be estimated with limited bias when a half‐mouth four sites protocol and a half‐reduced CDC/AAP case definition are used in combination.
Birth weight as an independent predictor of ADHD symptoms: a within‐twin pair analysis
Authors: Pettersson Erik , Sjölander Arvid , Almqvist Catarina , Anckarsäter Henrik , D'Onofrio Brian M. , Lichtenstein Paul , Larsson Henrik 
Published: July 2014

BackgroundStudies have found an association between low birth weight and ADHD, but the nature of this relation is unclear. First, it is uncertain whether birth weight is associated with both of the ADHD dimensions, inattentiveness and hyperactivity‐impulsivity. Second, it remains uncertain whether the association between birth weight and ADHD symptom severity is confounded by familial factors.MethodParents of all Swedish 9‐ and 12‐year‐old twins born between 1992 and 2000 were interviewed for DSM‐IV inattentive and hyperactive‐impulsive ADHD symptoms by the Autism – Tics, AD/HD and other Comorbidities (A‐TAC) inventory (N = 21,775 twins). Birth weight was collected prospectively through the Medical Birth Registry. We used a within‐twin pair design to control for genetic and shared environmental factors.ResultsReduced birth weight was significantly associated with a mean increase in total ADHD (β = −.42; 95% CI: −.53, −.30), inattentive (β = −.26; 95% CI: −.33, −.19), and hyperactive‐impulsive (β = −.16; 95% CI: −.22, −.10) symptom severity. These results imply that a change of one kilogram of birth weight corresponded to parents rating their child nearly one unit higher (going from “no” to “yes, to some extent” on a given symptom) on the total ADHD scale. These associations remained within pairs of MZ and DZ twins, and were also present when restricting the analyses to full term births.ConclusionsThere is an independent association between low birth weight and all forms of ADHD symptoms, even after controlling for all environmental and genetic confounds shared within twin pairs. These results indicate that fetal growth restriction (as reflected in birth weight differences within twin pairs) and/or the environmental factors which influence it is in the casual pathway leading to ADHD.
Teleological care and the last years of life
Authors: Cellarius Victor , Upshur Ross 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe final years of life present challenges for care. In middle‐/high‐income countries, the percentage of people of advanced age in the population is growing, and the dying process continues to become more complex and protracted. We propose that a new understanding of care, ‘teleological care’, be considered as an important response to the contemporary challenges of the final years of life. Teleological care is a philosophy of care built around the root idea of a telos (i.e. end) in three senses: (1) the end of life as a temporal limit; (2) the ends of life as the individual's purpose and meaning; (3) the end of life as the meaning of life as a whole. In its practice, teleological care adheres to principles of (1) fidelity of practitioner to patient; (2) generalism of practitioners; and (3) coordination of care within existing services. With this philosophy and practice, care is administered by generalist health care professionals arranging for flow between care that attempts to reverse, stop or slow the disease process when appropriate, with care to address symptoms, and with care that responds to the difficulties of dying. Teleological care involves already existing programmes in roughly their present forms, serving as an overarching layer of organization added to the existing systems. Teleological care refocuses the concept of care to the patient's perspective with emotional, spiritual and practical support for facing the end of life, and a space for narrative and reflection within a wider circle of care.
Enterocytozoon bieneusi Genotypes in Yaks (Bos grunniens) and Their Public Health Potential
Authors: Ma Jingbo , Cai Jinzhong , Ma Jiawen , Feng Yaoyu , Xiao Lihua 
Published: July 2014

AbstractEnterocytozoon bieneusi, the most frequently diagnosed microsporidian species in humans, is also identified in a wide range of animals. To date, few data are available on E. bieneusi in yaks (Bos grunniens). In this study, we examined the occurrence and genotype identity of E. bieneusi in yaks in four counties in Qinghai Province of China. Of 327 fecal specimens examined by nested PCR analysis of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer, 23 (7.0%) were E. bieneusi‐positive. DNA sequence analysis of the PCR products revealed the presence of five distinct genotypes: three Group 2 genotypes previously reported in cattle as well as humans (BEB4, I and J) and two novel genotypes (CHN11 and CHN12) belonging to the large zoonotic group (Group 1). Data of the study suggest that these animals could be potential reservoirs for human E. bieneusi infection.
Molecular Phylogeny of an Indian Population of Kleinstyla dorsicirrata (Foissner, 1982) Foissner et al., 2002. comb. nov. (Hypotrichia, Oxytrichidae): an Oxytrichid with Incomplete Dorsal Kinety Fragmentation
Authors: Singh Jasbir , Kamra Komal 
Published: July 2014

AbstractKleinstyla dorsicirrata (Foissner, 1982) Foissner et al., 2002. comb. nov. (basionym: Gastrostyla dorsicirrata) is a slightly flexible oxytrichid, measuring about 88–115 × 27–46 μm in life and possesses cortical granules. Kleinstyla dorsicirrata is the only oxytrichid known so far with incompletely fragmented dorsal kinety. Morphological and morphogenetic data recognise K. dorsicirrata as nonstylonychine oxytrichid. Molecular phylogeny of an Indian population was inferred using 18S rRNA gene sequences and was examined with respect to oxytrichids exhibiting variation in dorsal kinety fragmentation. Kleinstyla dorsicirrata clusters with Oxytricha lanceolata; this proximity is quite significant as both show deviation from typical oxytrichid fragmentation of dorsal kinety. Molecular phylogeny of Indian population confirms its nonstylonychine oxytrichid status.
Transmission dynamics of the monogeneanGyrodactylus salarisunder seminatural conditions
Authors: Hendrichsen D K , Kristoffersen R , Gjelland K Ø , Knudsen R , Kusterle S , Rikardsen A H , Henriksen E H , Smalås A , Olstad K 
Published: July 2014

AbstractTracking individual variation in the dynamics of parasite infections in wild populations is often complicated by lack of knowledge of the epidemiological history of hosts. Whereas the dynamics and development ofGyrodactylus salarisMalmberg, 1957, onAtlantic salmon,Salmo salarL., are known from laboratory studies, knowledge about infection development on individual wild fishes is currently sparse. In this study, the dynamics of an infection ofG. salarison individually markedAtlantic salmon parr was followed in a section of a natural stream. During the 6‐week experiment, the prevalence increased from 3.3 to 60.0%, with an average increase in intensity of 4.1% day−1. Survival analyses showed an initially high probability (93.6%) of staying uninfected byG. salaris, decreasing significantly to 37% after 6 weeks. The results showed that even at subarctic water temperatures and with an initially low risk of infection, the parasite spread rapidly in the Atlantic salmon population, with the capacity to reach 100% prevalence within a short summer season. The study thus track individual infection trajectories ofAtlantic salmon living under near‐natural conditions, providing an integration of key population parameters from controlled experiments with the dynamics of the epizootic observed in free‐living living populations.