bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgical management of craniopharyngioma with third ventricle involvement
Authors: de Lara Danielle , Ditzel Filho Leo F. S. , Muto Jun , Otto Bradley A. , Carrau Ricardo L. , Prevedello Daniel M. , M.D.  
Published: January 2013

Craniopharyngiomas are notorious for their ability to invade the hypothalamus and third ventricle. Although several transcranial approaches have been proposed for their treatment, the endonasal route provides direct access to the tumor with no need for cerebral retraction or manipulation of the optic apparatus. After the lesion is debulked, the unique angle of approach achieved with this technique enables the surgeon to perform an extra-capsular dissection and visualize the walls of the third ventricle, the foramina of Monro, and the anterior comissure. Moreover, the enhanced magnification and lighting afforded by the endoscope facilitate safe tumor removal, particularly in areas where there is loss of clear lesion delimitation and greater infiltration of the surrounding structures.Herein we present the case of a 68-year-old female patient with a 3-month history of visual deterioration accompanied by worsening headaches. Investigation with magnetic resonance imaging revealed a heterogeneous mass in the suprasellar region, extending into the third ventricle and displacing the pituitary gland and stalk inferiorly. Hormonal profile was within expected range for her age. An endonasal, fully endoscopic, transplanum transtuberculum approach was performed. Gross-total removal was achieved and pathology confirmed the diagnosis of craniopharyngioma. Postoperative recovery was marked by transient diabetes insipidus. Closure was achieved with a pedicled nasoseptal flap; despite exploration of the third ventricle, there was no cerebrospinal fluid leakage. Pituitary function was preserved. Visual function has fully recovered and the patient has been uneventfully followed since surgery.The video can be found here: http://youtu.be/it5mpofZl0Q.
Transcortical–transforaminal microscopic approach for purely intraventricular craniopharyngioma
Authors: Chamoun Roukoz , Couldwell William T. 
Published: January 2013

Purely intraventricular craniopharyngiomas are rare and pose particular surgical challenges. The two main surgical approaches to these lesions based in the anterior third ventricle are the frontal transventricular approach (through a transcortical or transcallosal approach) and the trans–lamina terminalis approach. The authors note that the pituitary stalk in many of these cases is located in a normal position, which suggests that the third ventricular floor is intact. In such cases, the senior author chooses an approach to avoid disruption of the floor of the third ventricle. Specifically, a traditional frontotemporal approach is not used; we have found that in such cases, a frontal transventricular approach through the usually dilated foramen of Monro provides an optimal visualization of the tumor while minimizing the risks of injury to the hypothalamus and pituitary stalk. The endoscope can be very helpful in exploring blind angles, hidden from the microscopic view. Recognition of this rare location variant of craniopharyngioma is helpful in preoperative planning in an effort to reduce hypothalamic pituitary axis damage. Two patients presenting with craniopharyngiomas that were entirely intraventricular are shown in the video. The patients underwent removal of their tumors without incurring new long-term endocrine deficits.The video can be found here: http://youtu.be/VFlhm_lsrGY.
Transcallosal approach for third ventriculostomy and removal of midbrain cavernous malformation
Authors: Couldwell William T. 
Published: January 2013

Symptomatic brain stem cavernous malformations often present the dilemma of choosing an approach for their resection. Superior midline midbrain lesions are in a particularly challenging location, as they are less accessible via traditional lateral or posterior approaches. The author presents a case of a young woman who presented with a symptomatic cavernous malformation with surface presentation to the floor of the third ventricle. The lesion was causing sensory symptoms from local mass effect and hydrocephalus from occlusion of the Aqueduct of Sylvius. An approach was chosen to both perform a third ventriculostomy and remove the cavernous malformation. Through a right frontal craniotomy, a transcallosal–transforaminal approach was used to perform a third ventriculostomy. Through the same callosal opening, a subchoroidal approach was performed to provide access the cavernous malformation. The details of the procedure and nuances of technique are described in the narration.The video can be found here: http://youtu.be/zKKnehp7l2c.
GRAVITY PERSISTENT SIGNAL 1 (GPS1) Reveals Novel Cytochrome P450s Involved in Gravitropism
Authors: Withers John C. , Shipp Matthew J. , Rupasinghe Sanjeewa G. , Sukumar Poornima , Schuler Mary A. , Muday Gloria K. , Wyatt Sarah E. 
Published: January 2013

• Premise: Gravity is an important environmental factor that affects growth and development of plants. In response to changes in gravity, directional growth occurs along the major axes and lateral branches of both shoots and roots. The gravity persistent signal (gps) mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana were previously identified as having an altered response to gravity when reoriented relative to the gravity vector in the cold, with the gps1 mutant exhibiting a complete loss of tropic response under these conditions.• Methods: Thermal asymmetric interlaced (TAIL) PCR was used to identify the gene defective in gps1. Gene expression data, molecular modeling and computational substrate dockings, quantitative RT‐PCR analyses, reporter gene fusions, and physiological analyses of knockout mutants were used to characterize the genes identified.• Results: Cloning of the gene defective in gps1 and genetic complementation revealed that GPS1 encodes CYP705A22, a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (P450). CYP705A5, a closely related family member, was identified as expressed specifically in roots in response to gravistimulation, and a mutation affecting its expression resulted in a delayed gravity response, increased flavonol levels, and decreased basipetal auxin transport. Molecular modeling coupled with in silico substrate docking and diphenylboric acid 2‐aminoethyl ester (DBPA) staining indicated that these P450s are involved in biosynthesis of flavonoids potentially involved in auxin transport.• Conclusion: The characterization of two novel P450s (CYP705A22 and CYP705A5) and their role in the gravity response has offered new insights into the regulation of the genetic and physiological controls of plant gravitropism.
Migration qualifiée, développement et égalité des chances. Une critique de la taxe Bhagwati
Authors: Dumitru Speranta 
Published: January 2013

Résumé Au regard du vieux débat sur la « fuite des cerveaux », le devoir de promouvoir le développement des pays pauvres semblait incompatible avec le droit humain à l’émigration. A l’encontre de cette idée, Jagdish Bhagwati a proposé dans les années 70 une mesure qui permettait au personnel qualifié de quitter les pays pauvres, tout en taxant leur revenu au bénéfice de leurs pays d’origine. Cet article discute (et rejette) trois justifications possibles de la taxe Bhagwati. Il conclut qu’une telle mesure ne peut être défendue ni comme une compensation pour ce que le pays aurait gagné si les diplômés n’avaient pas émigré, ni comme une obligation de réciprocité basée sur l’investissement dans l’éducation, ni comme une mesure de diminution de l’inégalité entre les opportunités des migrants et de ceux qui restent au pays. Si la mobilité géographique va de pair avec la mobilité sociale, taxer les migrants revient à taxer la mobilité sociale, plutôt que les hauts revenus eux-mêmes.
The Moral Theory of Condillac: A Path toward Utilitarianism
Authors: Orain Arnaud 
Published: January 2013

Résumé À première vue, les idées morales de l’abbé de Condillac (1714-1780) – et contrairement à celles de son frère Mably – ne doivent pas être comptées au rang de ses succès. Sans postérité apparente, elles ont surtout souffert d’un étonnant manque de notoriété dès le siècle des Lumières et ce jusqu’à nos jours. Aucun des grands commentateurs, contemporains ou plus anciens, de la pensée du philosophe ne s’y est arrêté avant que deux thèses de doctorat récentes ne viennent remettre en cause cet état de fait. Leurs interprétations des idées morales de Condillac sont cependant assez divergentes. La première s’appuie principalement sur l’ Essai sur l’origine des connaissances humaines (1746) et conclut à une forme particulière de morale déontologique. Celle-ci s’appuierait sur la connaissance du principe de conservation de soi, limitatif de la volonté et créateur de devoirs, au travers du langage articulé des êtres humains. La seconde, s’appuyant sur le rôle des besoins et le « calcul des plaisirs et des peines », tente d’inscrire la morale condillacienne dans une optique plutôt utilitariste. Cet article s’inscrit clairement dans cette seconde perspective. Il s’attachera d’abord à présenter en quoi les principes de l’association humaine (de « l’état de nature » au « contrat ») et de la morale sont chez Condillac le résultat de la nécessité de « se conserver », cette dernière notion devant être entendu au sens large de la satisfaction de tous les besoins de l’homme social. Nous verrons ensuite comment Condillac propose un véritable « calcul moral » qui conduit les individus à agir vertueusement tout en n’ayant pour objet que leur intérêt propre. Enfin, la conclusion inscrira cette théorie morale au carrefour des conceptions de Jean-Jacques Burlamaqui et celles des utilitaristes français de la seconde moitié du xviii e siècle, les idées de Condillac constituant finalement un pas supplémentaire, par rapport au droit naturel, vers une morale conséquentialiste.
AGE AT DIAGNOSIS OF SICKLE CELL ANAEMIA IN LAGOS, NIGERIA
Authors: Akodu Femi , Diaku-Akinwumi I N , Njokanma O F 
Published: January 2013

Background: Sickle cell anaemia is the most common genetic disorder worldwide as well as in Nigeria. Delay in the diagnosis of the condition constitutes an important cause of concern for caretakers of affected children.Objective: To determine the age at diagnosis in a population of children with sickle cell anaemia in Lagos, Nigeria.Methodology: The study was conducted between October and December 2009 at the sickle cell clinic of the Department of Paediatrics of Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos in South west Nigeria. By convenience sampling, a total of 192 children with sickle cell anaemia aged six months to 15 years were interviewed with the aid of a structured questionnaire.Results: Overall, the mean age at confirmation of haemoglobin genotype was 27.33 months (± 26. 36 months). The mean age at diagnosis was significantly lower among males than females (25.59 ± 27.74 Vs 29.14 ± 24.85, p = 0.04). A quarter of the children were diagnosed before infancy and three-quarters before three years of age. Upper social stratum and small family size were significantly associated with earlier diagnosis of sickle cell anaemia.Conclusion: Too few subjects are diagnosed in infancy. Routine screening should ideally be done at birth and neonatal period or at the latest, between six and nine m Background: Sickle cell anaemia is the most common genetic disorder worldwide as well as in Nigeria. Delay in the diagnosis of the condition constitutes an important cause of concern for caretakers of affected children.Objective: To determine the age at diagnosis in a population of children with sickle cell anaemia in Lagos, Nigeria.Methodology: The study was conducted between October and December 2009 at the sickle cell clinic of the Department of Paediatrics of Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos in South west Nigeria. By convenience sampling, a total of 192 children with sickle cell anaemia aged six months to 15 years were interviewed with the aid of a structured questionnaire.Results: Overall, the mean age at confirmation of haemoglobin genotype was 27.33 months (± 26. 36 months). The mean age at diagnosis was significantly lower among males than females (25.59 ± 27.74 Vs 29.14 ± 24.85, p = 0.04). A quarter of the children were diagnosed before infancy and three-quarters before three years of age. Upper social stratum and small family size were significantly associated with earlier diagnosis of sickle cell anaemia.Conclusion: Too few subjects are diagnosed in infancy. Routine screening should ideally be done at birth and neonatal period or at the latest, between six and nine mKey words: diagnosis, genetic disorders, population, sickle cell anaemia
Successful treatment of gastric relapse in multiple myeloma with bortezomib after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (autoHSCT)
Authors: Sivgin Serdar 
Published: January 2013

We report a case of 59-year-old Turkish man with history of MVR and COPD whom was diagnosed with stage IIIA IgG lambda multiple myeloma (MM) in 1997. He underwent autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation following melphalan 200mg per body area(m2)in February 2006. On 18th of February 2011; he was admitted to the emergency service of university hospital with complaints of hematemesis and melena. In gastric biopsy obtained from the lesion; pathological evaluation showed monoclonal lambda light chain infiltration originated from neoplastic plasma cells in gastric mucosa. The patient was considered as local gastric relapsed disease and was treated with 2 cycles of bortezomib. An excellent response was achieved after 2 cycles of BEP regimen, his paraprotein levels dropped below 10 g/L and there was no recurrence of the hematemesis or melena.
An Urologic Face of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia:Sequential Prostatic and Penis Localization
Authors: D'Arena Giovanni , Guariglia Roberto , Villani Oreste , Martorelli Maria Carmen , Pietrantuono Giuseppe , Mansueto Giovanna , Patitucci Giuseppe , Imbriani Emilio , Masciandaro Tommaso , Borgia Ludovica , Vita Giulia , D'Auria Fiorella , Statuto Teodora , Musto Pellegrino 
Published: January 2013

We report a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) in whom a leukemic involvement of prostate and penis occurred in the advanced phase of his disease. Obstructive urinary symptoms were indicative of prostatic CLL infiltration, followed by the occurrence of an ulcerative lesion on the glans. Histologic examination confirmed the neoplastic B-cell infiltration. Both localizations responded to conventional treatments. A review of the literature confirms that leukemic involvement of the genito-urinary system is uncommon in CLL patients. However, such an involvement should be considered in CLL patients with urologic symptoms and a long history of the disease.
MALARIA IN PREGNANCY
Authors: Takem Ebako Ndip , D'Alessandro Umberto 
Published: January 2013

Pregnant women have a higher risk of malaria compared to non-pregnant women. This review provides an update on knowledge acquired in the past decade on P. falciparum and P.vivax infections in pregnancy. Maternal risk factors for malaria in pregnancy (MiP) include low maternal age, low gravidity, and low gestational age. The effects of MIP include maternal anaemia, low birth weight (LBW), preterm delivery and increased infant mortality.P. falciparum infected erythrocytes sequester in the placenta by expressing surface antigens, mainly variant surface antigen (VAR2CSA), that bind to specific receptors, mainly chondroitin sulphate A. In stable transmission settings, the higher malaria risk in primigravidae can be explained by the non recognition of these surface antigens by the immune system. Recently, placental sequestration has been described also for P.vivax infections. The mechanism of preterm delivery and intrauterine growth retardation is not completely understood, but fever (preterm delivery), anaemia, and high cytokines levels have been implicated. Clinical suspicion of MiP should be confirmed by parasitological diagnosis. The sensitivity of microscopy, with placenta histology as the gold standard, is 60% and 45% for peripheral and placental falciparum infections, respectively. Compared to microscopy, RDTs have a lower sensitivity.Insecticide treated nets (ITN) and intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy (IPTp) are recommended for the prevention of MiP in stable transmission settings. ITNs have been shown to reduce malaria infection and adverse pregnancy outcomes by 28-47%. Although resistance is a concern, SP has been shown to be equivalent to MQ and AQ for IPTp. For the treatment of uncomplicated malaria, a combination of quinine + clyndamycin is recommended in all trimesters, while artesunate+ clindamycin or any other ACT known to be effective in the region are recommended in the second and third trimesters. For severe malaria, quinine (parenteral) is recommended in the first trimester while artesunate (parenteral) is recommended in the second and third trimesters.
Evaluation of Alternatives for Dysfunctional Double Lumen Central Venous Catheters Using a Two-Compartmental Mathematical Model for Different Solutes
Authors: Van Canneyt Koen , Van Biesen Wim , Vanholder Raymond , Segers Patrick , Verdonck Pascal , Eloot Sunny 
Published: January 2013

Double lumen (DL) central venous catheters (CVC) often suffer from thrombosis, fibrin sheet formation, and/or suction towards the vessel wall, resulting in insufficient blood flow during hemodialysis. Reversing the catheter connection often restores blood flows, but will lead to higher recirculation. Single lumen (SL) CVCs have often fewer flow problems, but they inherently have some degree of recirculation. To assist bedside clinical decision making on optimal catheter application, we investigated mathematically the differences in dialysis adequacy using different modes of access with CVCs. A mathematical model was developed to calculate reduction ratio (RR) and total solute removal (TSR) of urea, methylguanidine (MG), beta-2-microglobulin (β2M), and phosphate (P) during different dialysis scenarios: 4-h dialysis with a well-functioning DL CVC (DL-normal, blood flow QB 350 ml/min), dysfunctional DL CVC (DL-low flow, QB 250), reversed DL CVC (DL-reversed, QB 350, recirculation R = 10%) and 12 Fr SL CVC (effective QB273). With DL-normal as reference, urea RR was decreased by 3.5% (DL-reversed), 13.0% (SL), and 15.6% (DL-low flow), while urea TSR was decreased by 3.3% (DL-reversed), 13.2% (SL), and 13.5% (DL-low flow). The same trend was found for MG and P. However, β2M RR decreased only 1.5% with SL CVC although TSR decrease was 17.2%, while RR decreased 21.1% with DL-low flow although TSR decrease was only 4.9%. In the case of dysfunctional DL CVCs, reversing the catheter connection and restoring the blood flow did not impair TSR, with 10% recirculation. The SL CVC showed suboptimal TSR results that were similar to those of the dysfunctional DL CVC.
PAR-1 Mediates the Thrombin-induced Mesothelial Cell Overproduction of VEGF and PAI-1
Authors: Belling Franziska , Ribeiro Andrea , Wörnle Markus , Ladurner Roland , Mussack Thomas , Sitter Thomas , Sauter Matthias 
Published: January 2013

Purpose Thrombin mediates an excess in the production of neoangiogenetic (VEGF) and profibrotic (PAI-1) factors in human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HMC). The mechanisms leading to this overproduction have not been elucidated so far; in the context of peritoneal dialysis it can result in impaired peritoneal membrane function. Objectives This study was performed to evaluate the presence of the thrombin receptor Proteaseactivated receptor-1 (PAR-1) in HMC and to characterize its function in the thrombin-dependent effects mentioned above. Methods All experiments were performed using cultured primary HMC. Real-Time PCR and Western Blot were used to evaluate PAR-1; ELISA and Real-Time PCR were employed to examine PAR-1 effects on target mediators. Results We found that cultivated primary HMC show a basal presence of PAR-1. Stimulation with IL-1β induced an increase of the mesothelial PAR-1 expression whereas stimulation with glycosilated human serum albumin or the ligand thrombin itself resulted in decreased PAR-1 expression. Stimulation with the specific PAR-1 ligand TFLLR-NH2 caused increased VEGF and PAI-1 levels similar to stimulation with thrombin, whereas preincubation with PAR-1 blocking antibodies ATAP2 and WEDE15 attenuated the thrombin-induced overproduction of VEGF and PAI-1. Conclusions HMC express PAR-1 and the receptor is involved in thrombin effects on these cells. These findings may be a basis for pharmacological prevention of neoangiogenesis and adhesions in the context of peritoneal dialysis and peritonitis.
Gendering CSR in the Arab Middle East: An Institutional Perspective
Authors: Karam Charlotte M. , Jamali Dima 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT:This paper explores how corporations, through their Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) activities, can help to effect positive developmental change. We use research on institutional change, deinstitutionalization, and institutional work to develop our central theoretical framework. This framework allows us to suggest more explicitly how CSR can potentially be mobilized as a purposive form of institutional work aimed at disrupting existing institutions in favor of positive change. We take the gender institution in the Arab Middle East as a case in point. Our suggestion is that the current context of the Arab Spring, which combined with increasingly obvious endogenous institutional contradictions, has created a fertile ground for shaping change processes within the gender institution. Finally, we provide concrete examples of CSR initiatives that regional corporate actors can engage in for positive developmental change supporting women.
Biotechnology valuation and governance: Drug development and board of directors composition
Authors: Houston Chad , Graham J. Edward , Schuhmann Peter 
Published: January 2013

This paper examines the valuation of biotechnology firms and measure firm value relative to the firmsâ€™ drug development pipelines, alliances with other firms, and the varied composition of those firmsâ€™ boards of directors.Â Unsurprisingly, the advancement of drugs in the pipeline is associated with increased valuation, and the failure of drugs in testing is found to have negative impacts. Â Findings do not support the notion that companies engaged in partnerships or alliances have better performance. Extending prior research, the study finds that the presence of medical doctors on the boards of directors is significantly positively associated with the price-to-book ratio and firm value. Drug approvals seemed less likely for small cap firms; this outcome is likely the result of small cap firms with more promising prospects being acquired, and exiting â€œsmall capâ€ status. Among other findings, a higher number of drug approvals among such targeted diseases as AIDS and cancer are observed; modestly higher approval rates are observed in concert with a relatively higher proportion of financiers â€“ such as hedge fund managers and investment bankers â€“ on biotechnology boards. Â Findings are important to the investor, the biotechnology manager and the regulator.
Focusing on the Efficacy of Tizanidine in the Multiple Sclerosis Clinic
Authors: Scott Thomas F. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
The use of tizanidine is well established in spasticity due to multiple sclerosis (MS), spinal cord injury, and cerebrovascular disease. Refinement of the use oftizanidine in these areas is ongoing. To date, most large studies have focused primarily on measurement of changes in abnormalities of tone and spasm frequency rather than changes related to improved function. More detailed studies may help to better elucidate the impact of tizanidine and other spasticity treatments on activities of daily living and overall quality of life of MS patients. (Int J MS Care. 2001; 3(1): 29–31)