bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medications that Regulate Gastrointestinal Transit Influence Inpatient Blood Glucose
Authors: Momenzadeh Amanda , Cranney Caleb , Choi So Yung , Bresee Catherine , Tighiouart Mourad , Gianchandani Roma , Pevnick Joshua , Moore Jason H. , Meyer Jesse G. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveA multitude of factors affect a hospitalized individual’s blood glucose (BG), making BG difficult to predict and manage. Beyond medications well established to alter BG, such as beta-blockers, there are likely many medications with undiscovered effects on BG variability. Identification of these medications and the strength and timing of these relationships has potential to improve glycemic management and patient safety.Materials and MethodsEHR data from 103,871 inpatient encounters over 8 years within a large, urban health system was used to extract over 500 medications, laboratory measurements, and clinical predictors of BG. Feature selection was performed using an optimized Lasso model with repeated 5-fold cross-validation on the 80% training set, followed by a linear mixed regression model to evaluate statistical significance. Significant medication predictors were then evaluated for novelty against a comprehensive adverse drug event database.ResultsWe found 29 statistically significant features associated with BG; 24 were medications including 10 medications not previously documented to alter BG. The remaining five factors were Black/African American race, history of type 2 diabetes mellitus, prior BG (mean and last) and creatinine.DiscussionThe unexpected medications, including several agents involved in gastrointestinal motility, found to affect BG were supported by available studies. This study may bring to light medications to use with caution in individuals with hyper- or hypoglycemia. Further investigation of these potential candidates is needed to enhance clinical utility of these findings.ConclusionThis study uniquely identifies medications involved in gastrointestinal transit to be predictors of BG that may not well established and recognized in clinical practice.
IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON ADHERENCE TO CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICATIONS AMONG CHRONICALLY TREATED PATIENTS IN ALBERTA
Authors: McAlister Finlay A. , Savu Anamaria , Chu Luan Manh , Dover Douglas C. , Kaul Padma 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTBackground:Some studies have suggested that the COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted patient adherence with chronic therapies. We designed this study to explore whether cardiovascular drug adherence patterns changed in chronically treated patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods:Retrospective cohort study examining drug dispensation data for all Alberta residents older than 18 years who were chronic users of at least one cardiovascular drug class, defined as receiving at least one prescription per annum for any agent in that drug class from March 15, 2017 to March 14, 2023 and 2 or more prescriptions within 365 days during either the pre-pandemic phase (March 15, 2018 to March 14, 2020) or the pandemic phase (March 15, 2020 to March 14, 2022). We calculated the proportion of days covered (PDC) for each drug class per patient and used generalized estimating equation logistic regression to estimate the effect of time period (pandemic versus pre-pandemic) on achievement of good adherence (PDC>0.8) after adjusting for age, sex, socioeconomic status, and comorbidities.Results:We evaluated 548,601 chronic users of at least one cardiovascular drug class between March 15, 2018 and March 14, 2022. The most frequently dispensed cardiovascular drug classes were ACEi/ARB (67.6%), statins (53.8%), beta-blockers (21.0%), and calcium channel blockers (20.7%); the most frequent diagnoses were hypertension (77.2%), diabetes mellitus (30.6%), and ischemic heart disease (19.6%), although 55.4% of the patients had Charlson Comorbidity Index scores of 0. The mean PDC for cardiovascular drug use in our cohort was 85.7% (median 93%) pre-pandemic and 87.0% (median 94%) during the pandemic. The proportion exhibiting good adherence (PDC>0.8) increased from 72.8% pre-pandemic to 75.4% during the pandemic (p<0.001). During the pandemic, users of cardiovascular drugs were more likely to exhibit good adherence (PDC>0.8) than they were in the pre-pandemic period: aOR ranged from 1.05 (95%CI 1.00-1.11) for mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists to 1.16 (1.15-1.17) for statins.Conclusion:Chronic users of cardiovascular drugs exhibited higher adherence measures during the COVID-19 pandemic than prior to the pandemic.
AIR-CONDUCTION AND BONE-CONDUCTION REFERENCE THRESHOLD LEVELS – A MULTICENTER STUDY
Authors: Margolis Robert H. , Sanchez Victoria , Hunter Lisa L. , Rao Aparna , Boyle Suzannah , Zadeh Lina Motlagh , Wong Amelia N. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTAir--conduction (AC) and bone-conduction (BC) thresholds were measured to evaluate standard reference thresholds and recommend revisions to audiometer standards. AC and BC thresholds were measured from listeners with normal hearing (NH) and sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) at three sites. NH participants (n = 53) were selected based on age (18 – 25 years), normal AC thresholds, tympanometry, otoscopy, and absence of otologic disease. SNHL participants (n = 49) were selected based on AC thresholds, tympanometry, otoscopy, and absence of otologic disease. AC thresholds obtained from NH listeners averaged 3.7 dB HL. Air bone gaps (ABGs) occurred in NH and SNHL listeners above 2000 Hz and SNHL listeners at 250 Hz. Corrections to standard RETSPLs are recommended. ABGs in listeners without conductive pathology result from incorrect reference threshold levels for frequencies above 2000 Hz. False air-bone gaps increase with hearing-loss magnitude, probably due to effects of ambient and internal noise for low-level bone-conduction stimuli. False ABGs place patients at risk for unnecessary medical and surgical intervention. Reference threshold levels should achieve two objectives: 1) AC thresholds from young NH listeners should average 0 dB HL; 2) ABGs from listeners with normal middle-ear function should average 0 dB.
Genome-wide analysis identifies 66 variants underlying anatomical variation in human neuroendocrine structures and reveals links to testosterone
Authors: Currant Hannah , Arthofer Christopher , Ferreira Teresa , Douaud Gwenaelle , Hill Barney , Venkatesh Samvida S , Baya Nikolas A , Palmer Duncan S , Reibe Saskia , Moltke-Prehn Anje , Pers Tune H , Bartsch Andreas , Andersson Jesper , Lippincott Margaret F , Chan Yee-Ming , Seminara Stephanie B , Nichols Thomas E , Nellaker Christoffer , Smith Stephen , Brunak Søren , Lange Frederik J , Lindgren Cecilia M 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe hypothalamus, pituitary gland and olfactory bulbs are neuroanatom-ical structures key to the regulation of the endocrine system. Variation in their anatomy can affect the function of the reproductive system. To investigate this relationship, we extracted four largely unexplored phenotypes from 34,834 individuals within UK Biobank by quantifying the volume of the hypothalamus, pituitary gland and olfactory bulbs using multi-modal magnetic resonance imaging. Genome-wide associ-ation studies of these phenotypes identified 66 independent common genetic associations with endocrine-related neuroanatomical volumes (P <5×10−8), five of which had a prior association to testos-terone levels, representing enrichment of testosterone-associated SNPs over random chance (P-value =9.89×10−12). Exome-wide rare variant burden analysis identifiedSTAB1as being significantly associ-ated with hypothalamus volume (P= 3.78×10−7), with known associations to brain iron levels. Common variants associated with hypothalamic grey matter volume were also found to be associated with iron metabolism, in which testosterone plays a key role. These results provide initial evidence of common and rare genetic effects on both anatomical variation in neuroendocrine structures and their func-tion in hormone production and regulation. Variants associated with pituitary gland volume were enriched for gene expression specific to theca cells, responsible for testosterone production in ovaries, suggest-ing shared underlying genetic variation affecting both neuroanatomical and gonadal endocrine tissues. Cell-type expression enrichment analysis across hypothalamic cell types identified tanycytes to be associated (P= 1.69×10−3) with olfactory bulb volume associated genetic variants, a cell type involved in release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone into the bloodstream. Voxel-wise analysis highlighted associations between the variants associated with pituitary gland volume and areas of intracranial venous drainage involved in hormonal release into the blood circulation. Together, our results suggest a shared role of genetics impacting both the anatomy and function of neuroendocrine structures within the repro-ductive system in their production and release of reproductive hormones.
PRESCRIBING PRACTICES AND CLINICAL IMPACT OF NEXT GENERATION SEQUENCING IN ROUTINE PRACTICE IN SOLID TUMORS – REAL WORLD EXPERIENCE IN LMIC
Authors: Zaki Adeeba , Zehra Nida E , Sohail Aqsa , Ansar Zeeshan , Moosajee Munira 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMolecular characterization of disease is essential for precision medicine due to novel predictive biomarkers. Multiple next-generation sequencing (NGS) platforms are available, but their expense and clinical utility vary. Even if a targetable mutation is detected, corresponding drugs may not be available or affordable. No prior studies in Pakistan have focused on integrating NGS results into patient care to assist with therapeutic decision-making and survival outcomes.This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the molecular profiling and therapeutic implications of NGS testing across solid tumors. It included all patients with histologically proven malignancy (metastatic or non-metastatic) who had NGS analysis at Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH) from June 1, 2020, to June 1, 2023. Foundation One was the NGS platform used. From 2020 to 2023, 192 patients underwent NGS. The majority were male (55.2%) and aged over 50 years (71.9%). The most common indications for NGS were carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP) and lung cancers, representing 26% and 25% respectively, followed by colon (9%) and breast cancers (8%). Most patients had metastatic disease (98.4%). Common mutations in lung cancer were EGFR (16.3%) and KRAS G12C (14.3%). In unknown primary, breast, and colon cancers, the most common mutations were BRAF (8%), PIK3CA (18%), and KRAS (42.1%), respectively. Microsatellite instability (MSI) testing was performed in 95% of patients, with 6% being MSI high. Actionable alterations were detected in 31.8% of patients, but only 17.2% received genotype-matched treatment, mostly as a first-line treatment for lung cancer. The primary barriers were drug availability and affordability.Our results show that the implementation of NGS analysis supports clinical decision making. However, these results were applicable to a small percentage of patients. For better compliance and applicability, drug availability and cost of treatment needs to be addressed
Beyond the fields: tracing India’s labour transition from agriculture to non-agricultural sectors
Authors: Singh Pushpendra , Pattanaik Falguni 
Published: August 2024

PurposeSince the post-liberalization era, a noticeable structural change and transition in employment have unfolded within the Indian economy. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to understand employment transition and elucidate the evolving dynamics of rural economies and employment patterns from agriculture to more productive non-agricultural sectors. Additionally, the study investigates the underlying causes of socioeconomic disparities and their repercussions on employment trends.Design/methodology/approachTo address the aforementioned issues, this study utilised secondary data from labour surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Organisation spanning from 2004–05 to 2023. Initially, the study computed the magnitude of employment in both agriculture and non-agriculture sectors. Subsequently, the distribution of non-agricultural labour across various socioeconomic characteristics was estimated. Furthermore, a logistic regression model was employed to evaluate the impact of socioeconomic factors on employment choices. Finally, Fairlie’s decomposition model was applied to elucidate workers’ decisions to engage in non-agricultural sectors.FindingsThe study reveals a significant rise in rural non-agricultural employment, from 98.4 m in 2004–05 to 193.3 m in 2023, indicating changing job preferences. Notably, the construction and trade sectors emerge as significant drivers of this trend. However, self-employment and casual labour persist, highlighting job vulnerability. Additionally, women and marginalised individuals with low levels of education and socioeconomic status lag behind in non-agricultural employment.Originality/valueThis study makes a significant contribution by offering a thorough analysis of the employment transition from agriculture to non-agriculture over a span of two decades. It provides valuable insights into the evolving dynamics of employment trends.Peer reviewThe peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-11-2023-0904.
The formation mechanism of the excessive use of short-form video apps: an IT affordance perspective
Authors: Li Wenhua , Fu Yuwo , Guo Junpeng , Mao Jiaxin 
Published: August 2024

PurposeRecently, short-form video apps, as a new form of social media, have attracted users and rapidly emerged by virtue of their personalized recommendation algorithms, interesting forms of live interaction, and diverse interactive functions, which may lead to excessive use. From the perspective of IT affordances, this study combines the cognitive-affective-behavioral model and perceived values theory to examine the formation mechanism of the excessive use of short-form video apps.Design/methodology/approachWe surveyed a total of 351 users who have used Tiktok, a typical short-form video app, and used their questionnaires to test the research model.FindingsSearching affordance has a positive impact on perceived information value and perceived entertainment value. Furthermore, meta-voicing, recommending, and livestreaming affordance have a positive impact on perceived information value, perceived entertainment value, and perceived social networking value, which also have a positive impact on negative affect anticipation. In addition, negative affect anticipation is significantly positively correlated with excessive use.Originality/valueIn terms of theory, this study introduces the theory of IT affordances and perceived values into the cognitive-affective-behavioral model, to the best of our knowledge, for the first time. Furthermore, it conducts situational research on the formation mechanism of excessive use of short-form video apps and makes up for the lack of studying of excessive use behavior from the perspective of technical factors.
Using ESG paradigm as a basis for social reporting in nonprofit organizations: evidence from cases in healthcare
Authors: Pratici Lorenzo , Salvatore Fiorella Pia , Fanelli Simone , Zangrandi Antonello , Milone Michele 
Published: August 2024

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to understand whether and how the Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) paradigm can be useful in social reporting in the context of nonprofit healthcare organizations. In other words, the study deals with non-financial reporting and information, allowing external stakeholders to comprehensively evaluate the organization’s performance and behavior, investigating internal stakeholder perception over ESG paradigm application.Design/methodology/approachThe authors used a case study approach investigating four cases among nonprofit healthcare organizations in Italy. Analyses of available primary sources have been conducted, followed by semi-structured interviews. Interviews were then transcribed and coded in a joint blinded process by all authors. More specifically, three areas have been investigated: (1) factors motivating the development of non-financial disclosure practices; (2) the rationale behind the organization’s decision to include specific topics; and (3) the future perspective on the future of non-financial disclosure within the specific sector.FindingsESG may serve as a suitable framework to create comparable documents that can act as benchmarks for similar institutions. However, while nonprofit organizations (NPOs) can draw inspiration from ESG, the utility of these criteria should be thoughtfully tailored to align with the organization’s mission. The ESG using as a general guide, instead of implementing it as a real tool to assess performances, emerges as a positive practice. NPOs should not focus on fulfilling ESG requirements bur rather take inspiration from them. Otherwise, the risk is an excess of focus on the formal aspect rather than on its content.Originality/valueThe study contributes to a better understanding of social and ESG’ reporting activities and approaches in the healthcare sector by describing some case studies and the effect of sustainability in the social reporting of nonprofit healthcare organizations.
Citizens’ issue priorities respond to national conditions, less so to parties’ issue emphases
Authors: SEEBERG HENRIK BECH , ADAMS JAMES 
Published: August 2024

AbstractParties strive to set the ‘terms of the debate’ in elections by selectively emphasising issue areas that enhance their popular appeal. Yet, do citizens respond to parties’ issue emphasis, or do they mainly respond to objective factors such as economic and environmental conditions, crime rates, immigration flows, and so on? We report a time‐series, cross‐sectional analyses of the relationship between the public's issue attention, parties’ issue emphases and objective national conditions across seven issue areas in 13 western publics between 1971 and 2021, finding a strong association between objective conditions and citizens’ subsequent issue attention, but weaker associations to party system issue attention. There are stronger links, however, between parties’ issue emphases and their supporters’ subsequent attention.
Is clinician reported practice in Western Australian emergency departments aligned with direct discharge pathway protocols for minor self‐limiting fractures? A multi‐centre professional survey
Authors: Truter Piers , Pelletier Irene , Coates Sophie , Giglia‐Smith Louise , Richards Karen , Mountain David , Bulsara Caroline , Spilsbury Katrina , Edgar Dale W 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo determine ED clinician's current management for five common minor self‐limiting fractures (MSLF) and evaluate practice against evidence‐informed direct discharge pathway (DD) protocols.MethodsA survey was provided to doctors, nurse practitioners and advanced scope physiotherapists working in seven metropolitan, public health EDs in Perth, Australia. The relative odds of ED location (e.g. which facility) and clinician level factors (e.g. country of initial training, years of ED experience, profession) on recommending care completely consistent with evidence informed direct discharge pathway protocols were estimated.ResultsTwo hundred sixty‐two clinicians completed the survey. There was variability in practice across all sites, with most reported care assessed at 60%–76% consistency with individual elements of DD care provision. Highest consistency was seen in lower limb immobilisation and DVT prophylaxis. Lowest consistency was seen in weight bearing advice, pain management and (boxer's) fracture reduction and immobilisation. There were very low levels of complete consistency, ranging from 9% (boxer's fracture) to 25% (radial head fracture). Two factors were associated with increased odds of completely consistent care: (i) clinician experience working in ED, with greater duration of practice associated with increased odds ratios (OR range, 1.6–3.3); and (ii) profession, where advanced scope physiotherapy was associated with increased odds ratios (OR range, 3.2–25.0).ConclusionsSurvey results suggested system wide variation in ED fracture management practice and target areas for service improvement. Avenues for service improvement could include hospital wide agreed management plans for specific fractures and support for less experienced clinicians.
First report of an Ivorian family with nonsyndromic hearing loss caused by GJB2 compound heterozygous variants
Authors: Toure Madoussou , Amalou Ghita , Raise Imane Ait , Mobio N'kan Max Ange , Malki Abderrahim , Barakat Abdelhamid 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe primary etiology of congenital hearing loss is attributed to genetic factors, with GJB2 identified as a pivotal gene across diverse ethnic groups. Additionally, nonsyndromic hearing loss is predominantly inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. We used Sanger sequencing to analyze GJB2 in 17 deaf children from 13 unrelated Ivory Coast families. One family had two children born with severe congenital deafness and exhibited pathogenic compound heterozygous variants. These variants included a nonsense substitution (c.132G > A or p.Trp44Ter) and a newly discovered duplication of 7 base pairs (c.205_211dupTTCCCCA or p.Ser72ProfsTer32). Segregation testing confirmed these variants, marking the first identification of GJB2 in an Ivorian family with congenital hearing loss.
The fatigue responses of 3D‐printed polylactic acid (PLA) parts with varying raster angles and printing speeds
Authors: Horasan Murat , Sarac Ismail 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this study, the fatigue behavior of FDM‐3D printed polylactic acid (PLA) materials was investigated by rotary bending fatigue tests and finite element studies with varying printing speed and raster angle parameters. Fatigue test specimens were manufactured at five different raster angles (0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, and 90°) and two different printing speeds (20 and 80 mm/s). The effect of printing speed was evaluated at high print speed variation range (20 and 80 mm/s print speeds). It was noticed that the change in raster angle affects the fatigue life very significantly. The highest fatigue life was obtained at 30° raster angle, while the lowest fatigue life was found at 90° raster angle. Increasing the printing speed from 20 to 80 mm/s decreased the fatigue life of all specimens. The derived results from the finite element analyses were consistent with the experimental results.
Algorithmic Embeddedness and the ‘Gig’ Characteristics Model: Examining the Interplay between Technology and Work Design in Crowdwork
Authors: Bellesia Francesca , Mattarelli Elisa , Bertolotti Fabiola , Sobrero Maurizio 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis article systematically reviews the literature on online task crowdwork to investigate the complex relationship between technology and work design on crowdwork platforms. We highlight the diverse interpretations and uses of technology, specifically platform features and algorithms, in relation to work design. Our review reveals that platform features serve as antecedents to work design characteristics, while algorithms are so intertwined with job execution that a new work characteristic is needed to model this interplay. We introduce this new work characteristic as algorithmic embeddedness and show that it varies in degree. When high, algorithmic embeddedness can be perceived as either an affordance or a constraint; when low, it has a limited impact on crowdworkers' jobs. Our ‘gig characteristics model’ expands previous work design theories and offers a framework for understanding the design of contemporary jobs that rely highly on algorithms. To refine our model and better understand crowdwork dynamics, we provide an agenda for future research directions.