bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of childhood cancer survivors' nutritional intake with US dietary guidelines
Authors: Zhang Fang Fang , Saltzman Edward , Kelly Michael J. , Liu Shanshan , Must Aviva , Parsons Susan K. , Roberts Susan B. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackgroundDespite improved survival, childhood cancer survivors experience significantly elevated risk of premature mortality and serious morbidity due to chronic health conditions. Poor diet quality can exacerbate chronic health conditions in the survivors but their nutritional intake has not been adequately studied.ProcedureWe assessed the Healthy Eating Index 2010 (HEI‐2010) in 22 survivors of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia and lymphoma (median age = 11.7 years) and compared survivors' dietary intake to the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Dietary data were collected using repeated 24 hr dietary recalls over a 1‐year period, which were averaged to estimate habitual intake.ResultsThe mean HEI‐2010 in childhood cancer survivors was 52.7, about 50 percent of the maximum score. Long‐term survivors (time from diagnosis ≥10 years) had a significantly lower HEI‐2010 than recent survivors (time from diagnosis <5 years) (β = −11.5, 95% CI: −22.1, −0.9,P = 0.047). For individual food groups and nutrients, survivors had a particularly poor adherence to green vegetables and beans, total vegetables, and whole fruits. None of the survivors met the guidelines for dietary fiber and potassium intake. Only 4%, 19%, 24%, and 29% met the guidelines for vitamin D, sodium, calcium, and saturated fat intake. The average intake in relative to the recommended intake was 32% for vitamin D, 50% for potassium, 63% for fiber, and 85% for calcium, but was 115% for saturated fat and 143% for sodium.ConclusionsChildhood cancer survivors, in particular long‐term survivors, have a poor adherence to the US dietary guidelines. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:1461–1467. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis and characterization of hyperbranched amphiphilic block copolymers prepared via self‐condensing RAFT polymerization
Authors: Rikkou‐Kalourkoti Maria , Elladiou Marios , Patrickios Costas S. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTFour families of hyperbranched amphiphilic block copolymers of styrene (Sty, less polar monomer) and 2‐vinylpyridine (2VPy, one of the two more polar monomers) or 4‐vinylpyridine (4VPy, the other polar monomer) were prepared via self‐condensing vinyl reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (SCVP‐RAFT). Two families contained 4VPy as the more polar monomer, one of which possessing a Sty‐b‐4VPy architecture, and the other possessing the reverse block architecture. The other two families bore 2VPy as the more polar monomer and had either a 2VPy‐b‐Sty or a Sty‐b‐2VPy architecture. Characterization of the hyperbranched block copolymers in terms of their molecular weights and compositions indicated better control when the VPy monomers were polymerized first. Control over the molecular weights of the hyperbranched copolymers was also confirmed with the aminolysis of the dithioester moiety at the branching points to produce linear polymers with number‐average molecular weights slightly greater than the theoretically expected ones, due to recombination of the resulting thiol‐terminated linear polymers. The amphiphilicity of the hyperbranched copolymers led to their self‐assembly in selective solvents, which was probed using atomic force microscopy and dynamic light scattering, which indicated the formation of large spherical micelles of uniform diameter. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 1310–1319
Synthesis and characterization of thermoplastic elastomers with polyisobutylene and polyalloocimene blocks
Authors: Gergely Attila L. , Puskas Judit E. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTThis article presents the synthesis and characterization of diblock, triblock, and tetrablock copolymers of alloocimene (Allo), a terpene from renewable resources, and isobutylene (IB) using the recently reported two‐phase living carbocationic system. The addition of a second Allo increment to diblocks of Allo and IB yielded triblock and tetrablock structures. The block copolymers showed thermoplastic elastomeric (TPE) properties. It is demonstrated that the unusual behavior of diblocks exhibiting TPE properties is due to the strain‐induced crystallization of the polyisobutylene block. The polyalloocimene blocks can be cured, making this material a potential replacement of halobutyl rubber without halogen content. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 1567–1574
Polymer coating of graphene oxide via reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer mediated emulsion polymerization
Authors: Huynh Vien T. , Nguyen Duc , Such Christopher H. , Hawkett Brian S. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTThis work describes a versatile method to encapsulate graphene oxide (GO) with polymers using reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) mediated emulsion polymerization. A living low molecular weight anionic macro‐RAFT statistical copolymer of sodium styrene sulfonate, acrylic acid, and butyl acrylate (BA) was synthesized using 2‐{[(butylsulfanyl)carbonothioyl] sulfanyl} propanoic acid as the chain transfer agent. GO was dispersed in water by pretreating the surface with poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH), before being stabilized by the addition of the anionic macro‐RAFT copolymer. PAH was used to facilitate the adsorption of the macro‐RAFT copolymer to the GO surface via electrostatic attraction between opposite charges. The dispersed GO sheets were encapsulated with polymer by the free radical emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate and BA under starved fed conditions. The polymer shells encapsulating the GO sheets were formed by the chain extension of the adsorbed living macro‐RAFT copolymer. TEM, SEM, FTIR, and AFM were used to confirm the presence of the polymer layer on the surface of the GO. The thickness of the polymer coating can be adjusted by controlling the amount of monomer fed into the system. Partial polymer coatings of the GO could be achieved by varying the amount of PAH. The encapsulated GO was found to be easily dispersed in both aqueous and organic solvents over a range of polarities. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 1413–1421
RAFT radical copolymerization of beta‐pinene with maleic anhydride and aggregation behaviors of their copolymer in aqueous solution
Authors: Wang Yi , Ai Qianxiang , Lu Jiang 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTRAFT copolymerization of beta‐pinene and maleic anhydride was successfully achieved for the first time, using 1‐phenylethyl dithiobenzoate as chain transfer agent in a mixed solvent of tetrehydrofuran and 1.4‐dioxane (1:9, v/v) at a feed molar ratio of beta‐pinene to maleic anhydride as 3:7, and the alternating copolymer was prepared with predetermined molecular weight and narrow molecular weight distribution. Furthermore, using former alternating copolymer as a macro‐RAFT agent, block copolymer poly(beta‐pinene‐alt‐maleic anhydride)‐b‐polystyrene was synthesized in a chain extending with styrene. Hydrolysis of this block copolymer under acidic conditions formed a new amphiphilic block copolymers poly(beta‐pinene‐alt‐maleic acid)‐b‐polystyrene whose self‐assembly behaviors in aqueous solution at different pH were investigated through SEM and DLS. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 1422–1429
Synthesis of biodegradable conjugated polymers with controlled backbone flexibility
Authors: Vokatá Tereza , Twomey Megan , Mendez Eladio , Moon Joong Ho 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTA series of flexible, highly bright fluorescent poly(p‐phenyleneethynylene)s (PPEs) was prepared by employing a disulfide containing nonconjugated monomer at various ratios under Sonogashira reaction conditions. PPEs with flexible linkers exhibited fluorescence properties comparable to those of a fully conjugated PPE when less than 50% of flexible monomers were incorporated into the backbone. To evaluate the self‐assembly properties of PPEs, a series of conjugated polymer nanoparticles (CPNs) was fabricated by treating PPEs with organic acids followed by dialysis. CPNs containing linkers exhibited different complexation behavior with polysaccharides, warranting further investigation into how flexibility and biodegradability of CPNs influence their cellular interaction and entry. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 1403–1412
Crystallization measurements via ultrasonic velocity: Study of poly(lactic acid) parts
Authors: Zhao Peng , Peng Yiyan , Yang Weimin , Fu Jianzhong , Turng Lih‐Sheng 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTCrystallization has significant effects on the physical and mechanical properties of polymer products; therefore, crystallization measurements are important for understanding and predicting polymer products' properties. However, traditional crystallization measurement methods have disadvantages in practical applications because they can be destructive, offline, unsafe, and expensive. Recently, ultrasonic technology has shown great potential as a nondestructive, online, real‐time, and environmentally friendly measurement method for polymer characterization. In this study, a novel measurement method based on ultrasonic technology was proposed to study the crystallization characteristics of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) parts. An annealing process was employed to produce PLA parts with different degrees of crystallinity. A new ultrasonic water immersion method was used to measure the ultrasonic velocities of these annealed PLA parts. It has been found that the plot of the inverse ultrasonic velocity versus the degree of crystallinity shows good linearity over the whole crystallinity range for all three annealing temperatures. The linear relationship between the inverse of the ultrasonic velocity and the crystallinity observed in this study could provide a nondestructive method for investigating the degree of crystallinity of polymers, which can be implemented both offline and online. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2015, 53, 700–708
Molecular profiling of ETS and non‐ETS aberrations in prostate cancer patients from northern India
Authors: Ateeq Bushra , Kunju Lakshmi P. , Carskadon Shannon L. , Pandey Swaroop K. , Singh Geetika , Pradeep Immanuel , Tandon Vini , Singhai Atin , Goel Apul , Amit Sonal , Agarwal Asha , Dinda Amit K. , Seth Amlesh , Tsodikov Alexander , Chinnaiyan Arul M. , Palanisamy Nallasivam 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDMolecular stratification of prostate cancer (PCa) based on genetic aberrations including ETS or RAF gene‐rearrangements, PTEN deletion, and SPINK1 over‐expression show clear prognostic and diagnostic utility. Gene rearrangements involving ETS transcription factors are frequent pathogenetic somatic events observed in PCa. Incidence of ETS rearrangements in Caucasian PCa patients has been reported, however, occurrence in Indian population is largely unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of the ETS and RAF kinase gene rearrangements, SPINK1 over‐expression, and PTEN deletion in this cohort.METHODSIn this multi‐center study, formalin‐fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) PCa specimens (n = 121) were procured from four major medical institutions in India. The tissues were sectioned and molecular profiling was done using immunohistochemistry (IHC), RNA in situ hybridization (RNA‐ISH) and/or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH).RESULTSERG over‐expression was detected in 48.9% (46/94) PCa specimens by IHC, which was confirmed in a subset of cases by FISH. Among other ETS family members, while ETV1 transcript was detected in one case by RNA‐ISH, no alteration in ETV4 was observed. SPINK1 over‐expression was observed in 12.5% (12/96) and PTEN deletion in 21.52% (17/79) of the total PCa cases. Interestingly, PTEN deletion was found in 30% of the ERG‐positive cases (P = 0.017) but in only one case with SPINK1 over‐expression (P = 0.67). BRAF and RAF1 gene rearrangements were detected in ∼1% and ∼4.5% of the PCa cases, respectively.CONCLUSIONSThis is the first report on comprehensive molecular profiling of the major spectrum of the causal aberrations in Indian men with PCa. Our findings suggest that ETS gene rearrangement and SPINK1 over‐expression patterns in North Indian population largely resembled those observed in Caucasian population but differed from Japanese and Chinese PCa patients. The molecular profiling data presented in this study could help in clinical decision‐making for the pursuit of surgery, diagnosis, and in selection of therapeutic intervention. Prostate 75:1051–1062, 2015. © 2015 The Authors. The Prostate, published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Delay from biopsy to radical prostatectomy influences the rate of adverse pathologic outcomes
Authors: Berg William T. , Danzig Matthew R. , Pak Jamie S. , Korets Ruslan , RoyChoudhury Arindam , Hruby Gregory , Benson Mitchell C. , McKiernan James M. , Badani Ketan K. 
Published: March 2015

BACKGROUNDWe sought to determine maximum wait times between biopsy diagnosis and surgery for localized prostate cancer, beyond which the rate of adverse pathologic outcomes is increased.METHODSWe retrospectively reviewed 4,610 patients undergoing radical prostatectomy between 1990 and 2011. Patients were stratified by biopsy Gleason score and PSA value. For each stratification, χ2 analysis was used to determine the smallest 15‐day multiple of surgical delay (e.g., 15, 30, 45…180 days) for which adverse pathologic outcomes were significantly more likely after the time interval than before. Adverse outcomes were defined as positive surgical margins, upgrading from biopsy, upstaging, seminal vesicle invasion, or positive lymph nodes.RESULTSTwo thousand two hundred twelve patients met inclusion criteria. Median delay was 64 days (mean 76, SD 47). One thousand six hundred seventy‐five (75.7%), 537 (24.3%), and 60 (2.7%) patients had delays of <=90, >90, and >180 days, respectively. Twenty‐six percent were upgraded on final pathology and 23% were upstaged. The positive surgical margin rate was 24.2% and the positive lymph node rate was 1.1%. Significant increases in the proportion of adverse pathological outcomes were found beyond 75 days in the overall cohort (P = 0.03), 150 days for patients with Gleason <=6, and PSA 0–10 (P = 0.038), 60 days for patients with Gleason 7 and PSA >20 (P = 0.032), and 30 days for patients with Gleason 8–10 and PSA 11–20 (0.041).CONCLUSIONIn low‐risk disease, there is a considerable but not unlimited surgical delay which will not adversely impact the rate of adverse pathologic features found. In higher risk disease, this time period is considerably shorter. Prostate 75:1085–1091, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A pulsed pinhole atmospheric pressure interface for simplified mass spectrometry instrumentation with enhanced sensitivity
Authors: Wei Yongzheng , Bian Cunjuan , Ouyang Zheng , Xu Wei 
Published: March 2015

RationaleA proof‐of‐concept pulsed pinhole atmospheric pressure interface, namely PP‐API, was developed and characterized for mass spectrometry instrumentation.MethodsThe PP‐API was analyzed and optimized theoretically with respect to gas flow rate, opening force and dimensions. A PP‐API interfaced mass spectrometry system was then constructed and tested.ResultsAs a discontinuous pressure interface, the PP‐API allows efficient ion transfer from atmosphere pressure ionization sources to ion traps directly. Both nano‐ESI and APCI ionization sources have been successfully integrated with the PP‐API interface for the detection of volatile, organic, peptide and polymer samples. The use of multiple ionization sources has also been demonstrated to enhance signal intensity, as well as avoid charge competitions in ionization sources.ConclusionsWith simplified geometry and high ion transfer efficiency, this PP‐API would enable miniaturized mass spectrometry systems with high sensitivity. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Importance of Informal Training for the Spread of Agricultural Technologies: Farmers as in‐Residence Extension Workers and Their Motivation for Sustainable Development
Authors: Yamada Hiroyuki , Shimamoto Daichi , Wakano Ayako 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe report the importance of informal training in introducing new post‐harvest technologies in rice farming through informal contacts by exploring answers from both in‐residence extension workers ('key farmers') and ordinary farmers in rural Cambodia. We use survey data collected in Cambodian villages between December 2012 and January 2013. While in‐residence extension workers are well motivated and informal training plays a crucial role, lack of an appropriate financial incentive for the key farmers might hamper the sustainability of the project. We also emphasize that any intervention for rural development must avoid social exclusion and nepotism. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Early Transplantation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells After Spinal Cord Injury Relieves Pain Hypersensitivity Through Suppression of Pain-Related Signaling Cascades and Reduced Inflammatory Cell Recruitment
Authors: Watanabe Shuji , Uchida Kenzo , Nakajima Hideaki , Matsuo Hideaki , Sugita Daisuke , Yoshida Ai , Honjoh Kazuya , Johnson William E.B. , Baba Hisatoshi 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) modulate inflammatory/immune responses and promote motor functional recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI). However, the effects of BMSC transplantation on central neuropathic pain and neuronal hyperexcitability after SCI remain elusive. This is of importance because BMSC-based therapies have been proposed for clinical treatment. We investigated the effects of BMSC transplantation on pain hypersensitivity in green fluorescent protein (GFP)-positive bone marrow-chimeric mice subjected to a contusion SCI, and the mechanisms of such effects. BMSC transplantation at day 3 post-SCI improved motor function and relieved SCI-induced hypersensitivities to mechanical and thermal stimulation. The pain improvements were mediated by suppression of protein kinase C-γ and phosphocyclic AMP response element binding protein expression in dorsal horn neurons. BMSC transplants significantly reduced levels of p-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK1/2) in both hematogenous macrophages and resident microglia and significantly reduced the infiltration of CD11b and GFP double-positive hematogenous macrophages without decreasing the CD11b-positive and GFP-negative activated spinal-microglia population. BMSC transplants prevented hematogenous macrophages recruitment by restoration of the blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB), which was associated with decreased levels of (a) inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6); (b) mediators of early secondary vascular pathogenesis (matrix metallopeptidase 9); (c) macrophage recruiting factors (CCL2, CCL5, and CXCL10), but increased levels of a microglial stimulating factor (granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor). These findings support the use of BMSC transplants for SCI treatment. Furthermore, they suggest that BMSC reduce neuropathic pain through a variety of related mechanisms that include neuronal sparing and restoration of the disturbed BSCB, mediated through modulation of the activity of spinal-resident microglia and the activity and recruitment of hematogenous macrophages. Stem Cells 2015;33:1902–1914
Concise Review: Making Stem Cells Retinal: Methods for Deriving Retinal Pigment Epithelium and Implications for Patients With Ocular Disease
Authors: Leach Lyndsay L. , Clegg Dennis O. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Stem cells provide a potentially unlimited source of cells for treating a plethora of human diseases. Regenerative therapies for retinal degenerative diseases are at the forefront of translation to the clinic, with stem cell-derived retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)-based treatments for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) already showing promise in human patients. Despite our expanding knowledge of stem cell biology, methods for deriving cells, including RPE have remained inefficient. Thus, there has been a push in recent years to develop more directed approaches to deriving cells for therapy. In this concise review, we summarize recent efforts that have been successful in improving RPE derivation efficiency by directing differentiation from human pluripotent stem cells using developmental cues important for normal RPE specification and maturation in vivo. In addition, potential obstacles for clinical translation are discussed. Finally, we review how derivation of RPE from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) provides in vitro models for studying mechanisms of retinal disease and discovering new avenues for treatment. Stem Cells 2015;33:2363–2373
What Research Says About Text Complexity and Learning to Read
Authors: Allington Richard L. , McCuiston Kimberly , Billen Monica 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe CCSS framework indicates more difficult texts are to be used with students. However, the rationale for increasing text difficulty, decreasing text difficulty, is unsupported by the research that shows texts have been increasing in difficulty for at least 50 years. Oral reading accuracy is a traditional method of estimating text difficulty. For 70 years oral reading accuracy of at least 95% accuracy has been the accepted standard. The research available suggest that this traditional level of accuracy is supported by the evidence as optimal for developing reading proficiency.
Syntheses and Crystal Structures of [M(H2O)6](C16H11O4SO3)2·2H2O (M= Zn, Mg, Co)
Authors: Ding Ru , Wei Tao , Wang Qiu‐Ya , Wang Tao , Zhang Zun‐Ting 
Published: March 2015

AbstractSodium 5‐hydroxy‐4′‐methoxyisoflavone‐3′‐sulfonate was synthesized by sulfonation of pallidiflorin and assembled with ZnII, MgII, and CoIIto form [Zn(H2O)6](C16H11O4SO3)2·2H2O (1), [Mg(H2O)6](C16H11O4SO3)2·2H2O (2), and [Co (H2O)6](C16H11O4SO3)2·2H2O (3). In the crystal structures of1–3, [M(H2O)6]2+, C16H11O4SO3–, and H2O form intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonds. The hydrogen bonds, π–π stacking interactions, and electrostatic interactions between the cations and anions link compounds1–3into three‐dimensional structures. The thermal stabilities of1–3were also investigated.
Syntheses, Crystal Structures, and Luminescent Properties of ZnII/CdII Coordination Polymers with Different Interpenetrating Networks
Authors: Du Jie 
Published: March 2015

AbstractZnII and CdII coordination polymers with dicarboxylate and imidazole‐containing ligands, namely, [Cd (2,3‐PDC)(L)]n (1) and {[Zn(3,4‐PDC) (L)0.5]·H2O}n (2), [2,3‐H2PDC = 2,3‐pyridine dicarboxylate, 3,4‐H2PDC = 3,4‐pyridine dicarboxylate, and L = 1,4‐bis(2‐methylimidazol‐3‐ium‐1‐yl)biphenyl], were prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction. Complex 1 shows a three‐dimensional (3D) structure with threefold interpenetrating diamond topology. Complex 2 features a 3D framework with twofold interpenetrating dmc topology. Moreover, the luminescent properties of complexes 1 and 2 were also investigated.