bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determining the Minimal Clinically Important Difference (MCID) and Responsiveness of the Chinese Version of Zurich Chronic Middle Ear Inventory (ZCMEI-21-Chn): A Prospective Multicenter Study
Authors: Yang Ruizhe , Zhang Ying , Feng Guodong , Han Weiju , Li Yi , Li Shan , Pan Tao , Ke Jia , Zhang Ke , Xin Ying , Song Yu , Zuo Qiang , Zhao Yanping , Zhou Na , Yao Ziming , Röösli Christof , Huber Alexander M. , Bächinger David , Ma Furong , Gao Zhiqiang 
Published: July 2024

Objectives
This study aimed to establish the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) and assess the responsiveness of the Chinese version of Zurich Chronic Middle Ear Inventory (ZCMEI-21-Chn).

Study Design
Prospective multicenter study.

Setting
Four Chinese tertiary referral centers admitting patients nationwide.

Patients
230 adult patients with chronic otitis media (COM) undergoing tympanoplasty.

Intervention
Patients were required to complete the ZCMEI-21-Chn to measure health-related quality of life both preoperatively and postoperatively. An anchor-based method was used to determine the MCID of the derivative cohort by including the Global Rating of Change Questionnaire as an anchor. The generalizability and consistency with functional outcomes of the MCID estimates were externally examined in a validation cohort using a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.

Results
A total of 161 and 69 patients were included in the derivative and validation cohort. The mean preoperative and postoperative ZCMEI-21-Chn total scores were 28.4 (standard deviation [SD] 14.5) and 17.5 (SD 12.6). The mean change in ZCMEI-21-Chn score was 10.9 (SD 14.3, p < 0.001). The MCIDs of the ZCMEI-21-Chn for improvement and deterioration were estimated at 13 (SD 13.0) and −7 (SD 12.9), accordingly. For patients who have reported an improved health-related quality of life, a cutoff value of 15.6 dB HL for elevation of the air-conducted hearing threshold was noticed. However, change of clinical importance judged according to MCID and Japan Otological Society criteria disagreed with each other, notably with a Cohen's kappa (κ) of 0.14 (p = 0.21) in the validation cohort.

Conclusion
This study is the first to establish the MCID of a COM-specific questionnaire in Chinese. For the COM population undergoing surgical intervention, MCID values of 13 for improvement and −7 for deterioration are recommended. The results were externally validated to be generalizable to nationwide usage, yet distinguishable from the audiological criteria. The availability of the MCID greatly adds to the clinical utility of the ZCMEI-21-Chn by enabling a clinically meaningful interpretation of its score changes.
Pulmonary vascular disease in chronic lung diseases: cause or comorbidity?
Authors: Blanco Isabel , Torres-Castro Rodrigo , Barberà Joan Albert 
Published: July 2024

Purpose of review
To provide timely and relevant insights into the complex relationship between pulmonary vascular disease (PVD) and chronic lung disease (CLD), focusing on the causative and consequential dynamics between these conditions.

Recent findings
There are shared pathogenic mechanisms between pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and group 3 pulmonary hypertension, including altered expression of mediators and growth factors implicated in both conditions. Factors such as hypoxia, hypoxemia, and hypercapnia also contribute to pulmonary vascular remodelling and endothelial dysfunction. However, the role of hypoxia as the sole driver of pulmonary hypertension in CLD is being reconsidered, particularly in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), with evidence suggesting a potential role for cigarette smoke products in initiating pulmonary vascular impairment. On the other hand, interstitial lung disease (ILD) encompasses a group of heterogeneous lung disorders characterized by inflammation and fibrosis of the interstitium, leading to impaired gas exchange and progressive respiratory decline, which could also play a role as a cause of pulmonary hypertension.

Summary
Understanding the intricate interplay between the pulmonary vascular compartment and the parenchymal and airway compartments in respiratory disease is crucial for developing effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for patients with PVD and CLD, with implications for both clinical practice and research.
Updates on postinfectious skin rashes in pediatric dermatology
Authors: Daniel Samantha Shwe , Peterman Caitlin , Awasthi Smita 
Published: July 2024

Purpose of review
This review provides updates on postinfectious skin rashes in the pediatric population from recently published literature.

Recent findings
The COVID-19 pandemic and its sequelae remain a focus of research on pediatric infectious skin rashes. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) and reactive infectious mucocutaneous eruption (RIME) are common complications of infection with SARS-COV-2 in the pediatric population. Most cases of MIS-C show low mortality and suggest mucocutaneous symptoms do not correlate with COVID-19 disease severity. Cases of papular acrodermatitis of childhood, also known as Gianotti–Crosti, have also been reported in association with SARS-COV-2, and can present similarly in reaction to other viral infection like molluscum contagiosum, known as a Gianotti–Crosti syndrome-like reaction (GCLR). Other relevant studies on postinfectious skin rashes include updates on the management of staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS), with newer evidence advocating for beta-lactam monotherapy without clindamycin and reduced ancillary testing. Finally, the emergence of antifungal resistance due to Trichophyton indotinae is a growing global health concern emphasizing the need for improved antifungal stewardship.

Summary
It is prudent for clinicians to be informed of both common and rare diagnoses that have emerged more recently in association with the COVID-19 pandemic, in addition to other diseases with newer evidence-based recommendations to guide management.
Blenderized tube feeding in pediatrics – current evidence, guidelines, and considerations
Authors: Allen Lindsay , Min James , Zong Wenjing 
Published: July 2024

Purpose of review
Recently, blenderized tube feeding (BTF) consisting of blended whole food components is emerging as a preferred approach to enteral nutrition in pediatric patients. Differences in the nutritional profile, viscosity, and other characteristics between BTF and conventional tube feeding formulas may impact clinical outcomes and practice considerations.

Recent findings
Increasing guidance and evidence are emerging for BTF in pediatric populations requiring tube feeding. The characteristics of each BTF formulation vary, which may affect patient tolerance and clinical outcome.

Summary
BTF is safe and generally well tolerated in children. It is shown to improve symptoms, clinical outcomes, and quality of life for many patients. A thorough risk assessment and nuanced approach may be required to optimize BTF administration.
Pearls for practice from the 2023 allergy immunology joint task force on practice parameters GRADE and institute of medicine based atopic dermatitis guidelines
Authors: Conway Alexandra E. , Kartha Navya , Maddukuri Chaitanya , Shaker Marcus S. 
Published: July 2024

Purpose of review
To review the updated 2023 Allergy Immunology Joint Task Force on Practice Parameters (JTFPP) GRADE and Institute of Medicine (IOM) Based Guidelines for the management of atopic dermatitis.

Recent findings
Topical corticosteroids and/or calcineurin inhibitors are recommended in individuals with atopic dermatitis refractory to moisturizer alone and may be used to maintain remission after acute flare control is achieved. Calcineurin inhibitors are a class of immunosuppressants used to effectively manage different autoimmune disorders. Bleach baths and allergen immunotherapy may be beneficial for individuals with moderate-to-severe disease, while elimination diets, azathioprine, methotrexate, mycophenolate, and systemic corticosteroids are not recommended. Dupilumab is strongly recommended for refractory atopic dermatitis. Oral Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors carry significant risks; however, this class of medicines may be considered in cases of severe or refractory atopic dermatitis with intolerance to dupilumab. Patient preferences regarding cost, availability, feasibility, and tolerability should be integrated into all treatment plans using a shared decision-making approach.

Summary
The 2023 JTFPP Atopic Dermatitis Guidelines offer up-to-date guidance for the management of atopic dermatitis of varying severity in infants, children, and adults.
Optimizing management of chronic pulmonary hypertension in preterm infants: strategies for a complex population
Authors: Michel-Macías Carolina , Hébert Audrey , Altit Gabriel 
Published: July 2024

Purpose of review
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is commonly observed in premature infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and is associated with poor outcomes and increased mortality. This review explores the management of this intricate condition of the pulmonary vasculature, which exhibits heterogeneous effects and may involve both arterial and postcapillary components.

Recent findings
Current management of BPD-PH should focus on optimizing ventilatory support, which involves treatment of underlying lung disease, transitioning to a chronic phase ventilation strategy and evaluation of the airway. Data on management is limited to observational studies. Diuretics are considered a part of the initial management, particularly in infants with right ventricular dilation. In many cases, pulmonary vasodilator therapy is required to induce pulmonary arterial vasodilation, reduce right ventricular strain, and prevent coronary ischemia and heart failure. Echocardiography plays a pivotal role in guiding treatment decisions and monitoring disease progression.

Summary
BPD-PH confers a heightened risk of mortality and long-term cardio-respiratory adverse outcomes. Echocardiography has been advocated for screening, while catheterization allows for confirmation in select more complex cases. Successful management of BPD-PH requires a multidisciplinary approach, focusing on optimizing BPD treatment and addressing underlying pathologies.
Anticoagulant Medications: The Pediatric Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Anticoagulation CollaborativE Consensus Conference
Authors: Cashen Katherine , Saini Arun , Brandão Leonardo R. , Le Jennifer , Monagle Paul , Moynihan Katie M. , Ryerson Lindsay M. , Gehred Alison , Lyman Elizabeth , Muszynski Jennifer A. , Alexander Peta M.A. , Dalton Heidi J ,   for the Pediatric Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) Anticoagulation CollaborativE (PEACE), in collaboration with the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators (PALISI) Network, the Pediatric Critical Care Blood Research Network (BloodNet), and the Pediatric ECMO subgroup of PALISI and the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (PediECMO)
Published: July 2024

OBJECTIVES:
To derive systematic-review informed, modified Delphi consensus regarding the medications used for anticoagulation for pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for the Pediatric ECMO Anticoagulation CollaborativE (PEACE).

DATA SOURCES:
A structured literature search was performed using PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library (CENTRAL) databases from January 1988 to May 2021.

STUDY SELECTION:
Included studies assessed anticoagulation used in pediatric ECMO.

DATA EXTRACTION:
Two authors reviewed all citations independently, with a third reviewer adjudicating any conflicts. Eighteen references were used for data extraction as well as for creation of recommendations. Evidence tables were constructed using a standardized data extraction form.

DATA SYNTHESIS:
Risk of bias was assessed using the Quality in Prognosis Studies tool. The evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system. Forty-eight experts met over 2 years to develop evidence-informed recommendations and, when evidence was lacking, expert-based consensus statements, or good practice statements for anticoagulation during pediatric ECMO. A web-based modified Delphi process was used to build consensus via the Research and Development/University of California Appropriateness Method. Consensus was based on a modified Delphi process with agreement defined as greater than 80%. Two recommendations, two consensus statements, and one good practice statement were developed, and, in all, agreement greater than 80% was reached.

CONCLUSIONS:
There is insufficient evidence to formulate optimal anticoagulation therapy during pediatric ECMO. Additional high-quality research is needed to inform evidence-based practice for anticoagulation during pediatric ECMO.
Symptoms Patterns and Health-Related Quality of Life in a Real-Life Cohort of Long-COVID Patients
Authors: Maccarone Maria Chiara , Coraci Daniele , Regazzo Gianluca , Masiero Stefano 
Published: July 2024

Objective
We wanted to identify prevalent symptoms and patterns of long-COVID syndrome, assess the impact on health-related quality of life, and explore factors linked to lower quality of life, including vaccination status and symptom count, in a real-life cohort.

Design
This is an observational retrospective study.

Results
We assessed 133 patients and 85 completed the evaluations. The most common symptoms reported were motor deficit (95.29%) and fatigue (94.12%), while respiratory symptoms, cognitive deficits, and weakness (76.47%) were less frequent. Many patients experienced multiple symptoms, with the majority reporting 5–8 symptoms simultaneously, most associated with fatigue. However, the number of symptoms did not correlate with health-related quality of life as measured by the 12-Item Short Form Survey questionnaire. Finally, vaccination status did not significantly affect 12-Item Short Form Survey scores or the number of reported symptoms.

Conclusions
Our analysis highlighted the presence of diverse multisystemic symptoms in long-COVID patients. Many individuals experienced multiple associated symptoms, negatively affecting their overall quality of life. Neither vaccination status nor the number of symptoms appeared to influence reported quality of life. This emphasizes the need for a comprehensive, early, and multidisciplinary approach to address the syndrome’s diverse symptoms.
Peripheral Nerve Stimulation of the Axillary Nerve Improves Chronic Shoulder Pain and Dysfunction Following Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty: A Case Report
Authors: Pierson Chris J. , Javed Nashra , Jain Nitin B. , Konda Chaitanya 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA) is an effective procedure to improve shoulder pain, range of motion, and function for a variety of conditions, including glenohumeral osteoarthritis and rotator cuff arthropathy. However, up to 22% of patients have persistent shoulder pain 12 to 24 months following rTSA, even in the absence of surgical complications. Currently, there are no widely accepted non-pharmacological treatments for persistent postoperative pain after rTSA. This case report details the successful management of a 64-year-old woman with chronic postoperative shoulder pain following rTSA. She was treated with single-lead percutaneous peripheral nerve stimulation to the right axillary nerve for eight weeks with 12 Hz motor-level stimulation. She demonstrated improvement in shoulder flexion active range of motion, shoulder flexion strength, and shoulder abduction strength. Her Shoulder Pain and Disability Index total score improved from 26.93% to 8.46% one year following treatment. She reported an overall Global Rating of Change of +7 one year following treatment. This case’s success demonstrates that short term peripheral nerve stimulation may provide long-term improvement of persistent post-operative pain and dysfunction in patients with painful rTSA.
Living well with chronic pain: a 12-month randomized controlled trial revealing impact from the digital pain self-management program EPIO
Authors: Solberg Nes Lise , Børøsund Elin , Varsi Cecilie , Eide Hilde , Waxenberg Lori B. , Weiss Karen E. , Morrison Eleshia J. , Støle Hanne Stavenes , Kristjansdottir Ólöf B. , Bostrøm Katrine , Strand Elin Bolle , Hagen Milada Cvancarova Småstuen , Stubhaug Audun , Schreurs Karlein M.G. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Chronic pain affects a wide range of physical and psychological aspects of life for those impacted. Psychosocial treatment approaches may be of support, but outreach is still limited.

Objectives:
To evaluate the efficacy of EPIO, an evidence-informed, user-centered digital self-management intervention for people with chronic pain, in a 12-month randomized controlled trial.

Methods:
People living with chronic pain (N = 266) were randomized to the EPIO intervention (n = 132) or a usual-care control group (n = 134). The intervention was delivered in a simple blended care model, and outcome measures collected at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. Generalized linear models for repeated measures were fitted to compare groups over time.

Results:
Participants were primarily female (81%), median age 49 years (range 22–78), with heterogeneous pain conditions, and had lived with pain >5 years (77.6%). A mixed linear model with all timepoints included revealed no statistically significant group differences for the primary outcome of pain interference. Significant psychological benefits in favor of the intervention group were however detected for depression (P = 0.022), self-regulatory fatigue (P = 0.024), vitality (P = 0.016), and mental health (P = 0.047). Baseline to 12-month changes showed additional favorable effects for anxiety (between-group mean differences [MDs] = 0.79, P = 0.047), depression (MD = 1.08, P = 0.004), self-regulatory fatigue (MD = 2.42, P = 0.021), pain catastrophizing (MD = 2.62, P = 0.009), and health-related quality of life.

Conclusions:
The EPIO program aims to improve outreach of evidence-based pain self-management interventions. Findings demonstrate how using EPIO can lead to sustainable psychological change, enhancing mental health and health-related quality of life for people suffering from pain, providing a chance to live well with the pain.
Stepwise developmental mimicry generates proximal-biased kidney organoids
Authors: Schnell Jack , Miao Zhen , Achieng MaryAnne , Fausto Connor C. , Wang Victoria , Kuyper Faith De , Thornton Matthew E. , Grubbs Brendan , Kim Junhyong , Lindström Nils O. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTThe kidney maintains body fluid homeostasis by reabsorbing essential compounds and excreting waste. Proximal tubule cells, crucial for renal reabsorption of a range of sugars, ions, and amino acids, are highly susceptible to damage, leading to pathologies necessitating dialysis and kidney transplants. While human pluripotent stem cell-derived kidney organoids are used for modeling renal development, disease, and injury, the formation of proximal nephron cells in these 3D structures is incomplete. Here, we describe how to drive the development of proximal tubule precursors in kidney organoids by following a blueprint ofin vivohuman nephrogenesis. Transient manipulation of the PI3K signaling pathway activates Notch signaling in the early nephron and drives nephrons toward a proximal precursor state. These “proximal-biased” (PB) organoid nephrons proceed to generate proximal nephron precursor cells. Single-cell transcriptional analyses across the organoid nephron differentiation, comparing control and PB types, confirm the requirement of transient Notch signaling for proximal development. Indicative of functional maturity, PB organoids demonstrate dextran and albumin uptake, akin toin vivoproximal tubules. Moreover, PB organoids are highly sensitive to nephrotoxic agents, display an injury response, and drive expression ofHAVCR1/KIM1, an early proximal-specific marker of kidney injury. Injured PB organoids show evidence of collapsed tubules, DNA damage, and upregulate the injury-response markerSOX9. The PB organoid model therefore has functional relevance and potential for modeling mechanisms underpinning nephron injury. These advances improve the use of iPSC-derived kidney organoids as tools to understand developmental nephrology, model disease, test novel therapeutics, and for understanding human renal physiology.
Assessing data quality on fetal brain MRI reconstruction: a multi-site and multi-rater study
Authors: Sanchez Thomas , Mihailov Angeline , Gomez Yvan , Juan Gerard Martí , Eixarch Elisenda , Jakab Andras , Dunet Vincent , Koob Mériam , Auzias Guillaume , Cuadra Meritxell Bach 
Published: July 2024

AbstractQuality assessment (QA) has long been considered essential to guarantee the reliability of neuroimaging studies. It is particularly important for fetal brain MRI, where unpredictable fetal motion can lead to substantial artifacts in the acquired images. Multiple images are then combined into a single volume through super-resolution reconstruction (SRR) pipelines, a step that can also introduce additional artifacts. While multiple studies designed automated quality control pipelines, no work evaluated the reproducibility of the manual quality ratings used to train these pipelines. In this work, our objective is twofold. First, we assess the inter- and intra-rater variability of the quality scoring performed by three experts on over 100 SRR images reconstructed using three different SRR pipelines. The raters were asked to assess the quality of images following 8 specific criteria like blurring or tissue contrast, providing a multi-dimensional view on image quality. We show that, using a protocol and training sessions, artifacts like bias field and blur level still have a low agreement (ICC below 0.5), while global quality scores show very high agreement (ICC = 0.9) across raters. We also observe that the SRR methods are influenced differently by factors like gestational age, input data quality and number of stacks used by reconstruction. Finally, our quality scores allow us to unveil systematic weaknesses of the different pipelines, indicating how further development could lead to more robust, well rounded SRR methods.
A high-throughput approach for the efficient prediction of perceived similarity of natural objects
Authors: Kaniuth Philipp , Mahner Florian P. , Perkuhn Jonas , Hebart Martin N. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTPerceived similarity offers a window into the mental representations underlying our ability to make sense of our visual world, yet, the collection of similarity judgments quickly becomes infeasible for larger datasets, limiting their generality. To address this challenge, here we introduce a computational approach that predicts perceived similarity from neural network activations through a set of 49 interpretable dimensions learned on 1.46 million triplet odd-one-out judgments. The approach allowed us to predict separate, independently-sampled similarity scores with an accuracy of up to 0.898. Combining this approach with human ratings of the same dimensions led only to small improvements, indicating that the neural network used similar information as humans in this task. Predicting the similarity of highly homogeneous image classes revealed that performance critically depends on the granularity of the training data. Our approach allowed us to improve the brain-behavior correspondence in a large-scale neuroimaging dataset and visualize candidate image features humans use for making similarity judgments, thus highlighting which image parts may carry behaviorally-relevant information. Together, our results demonstrate that current neural networks carry information sufficient for capturing broadly-sampled similarity scores, offering a pathway towards the automated collection of similarity scores for natural images.