bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Influence Of Zinc On Seed Germination And Growth In The First Ontogenetic Stages In The Species Cucumis Melo L.
Authors: Stratu Anişoara , Costică Naela 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe paper presents the results of a study regarding the influence of treatment with zinc in different concentrations (50 mg∕l, 100 mg∕l, 200 mg ∕l, 300mg/l, 400 mg ∕l, 500 mg/l, 600 mg ∕l) on seed germination and growth in early ontogenetic stages ofCucumis meloL. We analyzed the following indicators: the percentage of germinated seeds; the length of root, the length of the hypocotyl and the length of the seedling; the number of the laterale roots; the tolerance index and the seedling vigor index. The results underline the specific variations of analysed indicators, depending on the concentrations used for the treatments of seeds. The concentrations used for treatment do not influence negatively the seed germination, but affected the seedling growth (especially the root elongation), the formation and growth process of lateral roots and the seedling vigour index. The delay effect of growth process is very pronounced in the case of high concentration.
The Body Image Of Physically Active And Inactive Women
Authors: Guszkowska Monika 
Published: November 2015

Abstract

Introduction
. The aim of the study was to compare the image of the body, the level of its acceptance and satisfaction with it, as well as anxiety about one’s physical appearance and overall self-esteem in a group of adult women who did fitness exercise and those who were physically inactive.

Material and methods
. The study involved 464 women aged 18 to 35 years (M=25.49; SD=5.24), including 277 women who exercised regularly in fitness clubs in Warsaw and 187 women who did not engage in regular physical activity. The following instruments were adapted and used for the purposes of the study: the Figure Rating Scale, the Body Satisfaction Scale, the Self-Esteem Scale, the Social Physique Anxiety Scale, and a questionnaire designed by the authors. Student’s t-test was used to determine the differences between the two groups.

Results
. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of actual and ideal body parameters; however, the discrepancies between actual and ideal height and BMI were greater in women who were not physically active. The women who did fitness exercise were less dissatisfied with their overall and facial appearance, and they had higher self-esteem and lower anxiety about their physical appearance that those who were inactive. No significant intergroup differences were found for the subjects’ ideal and actual figures or for those preferred by women and preferred by men, nor for the discrepancies between these figures.

Conclusions
. Differences in the body image of adult women who did fitness exercise and those who were physically inactive were revealed for the emotional aspects of body image, but not for the cognitive ones. The differences found in the study are likely to be due to the selection of subjects and they do not provide sufficient evidence to prove that exercise has a positive impact on body image.
Spa Services In Hotel Facilities In The Lublin Province The Importance Of Hotel Facilities In The Provision Of Spa Services In The Lublin Province
Authors: Świeca Andrzej , Skrzypek Bartosz 
Published: November 2015

Abstract

Introduction.
Apart from basic services, the modern hotel industry provides a number of additional services, including those having to do with wellness. This article attempts to provide a general description of spa services in selected hotel facilities in the Lublin Province in Poland.

Material and methods.
Data on the size of the accommodation base, its diversity, and its occupancy by tourists were obtained from the official statistical publications of the Polish Central Statistical Office (GUS). The paper presents the results of research on quantitative and structural transformations of mass accommodation facilities in the years 2000-2013. Particular attention was paid to spa hotels. Information on their profile and offer of balneological and wellness treatments was collected by means of a diagnostic survey in the form of an interview (primary source) and the exploration of websites (secondary source).

Results and conclusions.
According to the data provided by the Central Statistical Office, in 2013 there were a total of 285 mass accommodation facilities in the Lublin Province (accounting for 2.9% of all facilities in Poland), which constitutes 8.0% of the territory of Poland and is inhabited by 5.6% of the country's population. The facilities were able to receive approximately 18,700 guests (2.7% of the total accommodation capacity of Poland). Every fourth mass accommodation facility in the Lublin Province was a hotel. This type of accommodation base was represented particularly by facilities of lower categories (3, 2, and 1 star hotels), and it accounted for approximately 27% of the total accommodation capacity of the Lublin Province. Hotels and guest houses offering spa services in addition to accommodation constituted 19.5% of the total number of hotel facilities in the Lublin Province. They were particularly concentrated in Lublin and the towns of the Puławy (Puławski) District, such as Kazimierz Dolny and Nałęczów. Spa services provided in hotel facilities can become an important product intensifying the use of tourist space in the Lublin Province.
Virtual blunt injury of human thorax: age-dependent response of vascular system
Authors: Beklemysheva Katerina A. , Danilov Alexander A. , Petrov Igor B. , Salamatova Victoria Yu. , Vassilevski Yuri V. , Vasyukov Alexey V. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis work is the numerical study of the age-dependent responses of the vascular system under low-mass high-speed impact scenario. The grid-characteristic method on the adaptive mesh model of the human thorax is the numerical tool of the study. Due to the lack of valid vascular injury criteria, the numerical model only provides information on injury risk. The numerical simulation demonstrates that an older age changes significantly the vascular response and increases the risk of aorta injury. We focused on the aorta because its rupture is the general consequence of vehicle accidents (great mass impacts at relatively low velocity). Our numerical results are in good agreement with previous studies of great-mass low-speed blunt thorax impact.
Viscous dissipation energy as a risk factor in multiple cerebral aneurysms
Authors: Khe Alexander K. , Chupakhin Alexander P. , Cherevko Alexander A. , Eliava Shalva Sh. , Pilipenko Yury V. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe hydrodynamic properties of the blood flow in cerebral vessels with multiple aneurysms are studied in the paper. We compare the sets of parameters derived from the dissipation energy appearing due to the blood viscosity and computed for different aneurysms of one patient. Numerical simulations show that in most cases the dissipation energy and its derived parameters are lower in the case of ruptured aneurysm. Moreover, the average dissipation energy per unit volume is lower in all cases studied here.
The study of antitumor efficacy of bevacizumab antiangiogenic therapy using a mathematical model
Authors: Kolobov Andrey V. , Gubernov Vladimir V. , Kuznetsov Maxim B. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractA continual multicomponent model of growth of a low-invasive tumor is a developed subject to the angiogenesis and single bevacizumab therapy. The model takes into account the differences in permeabilities of the pre-existent vasculature and the vasculature formed as the result of angiogenesis. The dependence of the antitumor therapy efficacy on the bev dosage is studied. It is found out that in the case of successful treatment the tumor may pass from a compact convective growth to diffuse intergrowth followed by significant reduction in the growth rate and the number of active tumor cells. It is shown that the bev dosage sufficient for successful treatment is significantly less than it is commonly accepted in clinical practice. A scheme of bev prescription allowing a significant reduction of both the costs of therapy and its negative effects while maintaining antitumor efficacy is proposed.
A drug pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics based approach towards stabilization of HIV infection dynamics
Authors: Tretyakova Rufina M. , Meyerhans Andreas , Bocharov Gennady A. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIn our study we developed a computational algorithm for finding optimal dosages of antiretroviral drug administration for the stabilization of HIV load at low levels. The novelty is that the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the antiretroviral drugs were taken into account. A standard closed-loop control of HIV dynamics was constructed that stabilizes the viral load and the optimal drug administration mode was formulated. We analyze the appropriateness of the ‘drug efficacy’ based control and its relationship to a realistic drug dosage and kinetic models in the human body. The translation of the efficacy function into drug concentration is implemented via the pharmacodynamics model of the drug effect. Optimal approximation of the idealized concentration functions is based on the orthogonal projection on linear subspace of drug pharmacokinetics functions.
Synchronic variation and diachronic change in the expression of indefinite reference: evidence from
historical German
Authors: Petrova Svetlana 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The present article discusses the semantic and discourse-pragmatic properties of different competing types of
indefinite noun phrases in Old High German, the earliest attested period of German. In particular, it investigates the
behavior of indefinites marked by sum, ein and various interrogative-based
determiners, with respect to properties considered constitutive of specific indefinites from a theoretic and
cross-linguistic perspective. Upon analyzing newly retrieved corpus data, the paper shows that already at the
beginning of the attestation, all marked types of indefinites in historical German violate basic conditions of
specificity, understood in terms of any of the relevant notions distinguished in the literature. This result rejects
previous scenarios according to which marked indefinites in historical German are correlates of specific reference
and challenges the explanation of the diachronic development of ein from a numeral towards an
indefinite determiner via an assumed separate, intermediate stage during which it assigns referential-specific
interpretation to the noun phrase.
Social Stress Engages Neurochemically-Distinct Afferents to the Rat Locus Coeruleus Depending on Coping Strategy
Authors: Reyes Beverly A. S. , Zitnik Gerard , Foster Celia , Van Bockstaele Elisabeth J. , Valentino Rita J. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractStress increases vulnerability to psychiatric disorders, partly by affecting brain monoamine systems, such as the locus coeruleus (LC)-norepinephrine system. During stress, LC activity is coregulated by corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and endogenous opioids. This study identified neural circuitry that regulates LC activity of intruder rats during the resident–intruder model of social stress. LC afferents were retrogradely labeled with Fluorogold (FG) and rats were subjected to one or five daily exposures to an aggressive resident. Sections through the nucleus paragigantocellularis (PGi) and central amygdalar nucleus (CNA), major sources of enkephalin (ENK) and CRF LC afferents, respectively, were immunocytochemically processed to detect c-fos, FG, and CRF or ENK. In response to a single exposure, intruder rats assumed defeat with a relatively short latency (SL). LC neurons, PGI-ENK LC afferents, and CNA-CRF LC afferents were activated in these rats as indicated by increased c-fos expression. With repeated stress, rats exhibited either a SL or long latency (LL) to defeat and these strategies were associated with distinct patterns of neuronal activation. In SL rats, LC neurons were activated, as were CNA-CRF LC afferents but not PGI-ENK LC afferents. LL rats had an opposite pattern, maintaining activation of PGi-ENK LC afferents but not CNA-CRF LC afferents or LC neurons. Together, these results indicate that the establishment of different coping strategies to social stress is associated with changes in the circuitry that regulates activity of the brain norepinephrine system. This may underlie differential vulnerability to the consequences of social stress that characterize these different coping strategies.
Outside Looking In: Landmark Generalization in the Human Navigational System
Authors: Marchette Steven A. , Vass Lindsay K. , Ryan Jack , Epstein Russell A. 
Published: November 2015

The use of landmarks is central to many navigational strategies. Here we use multivoxel pattern analysis of fMRI data to understand how landmarks are coded in the human brain. Subjects were scanned while viewing the interiors and exteriors of campus buildings. Despite their visual dissimilarity, interiors and exteriors corresponding to the same building elicited similar activity patterns in the parahippocampal place area (PPA), retrosplenial complex (RSC), and occipital place area (OPA), three regions known to respond strongly to scenes and buildings. Generalization across stimuli depended on knowing the correspondences among them in the PPA but not in the other two regions, suggesting that the PPA is the key region involved in learning the different perceptual instantiations of a landmark. In contrast, generalization depended on the ability to freely retrieve information from memory in RSC, and it did not depend on familiarity or cognitive task in OPA. Together, these results suggest a tripartite division of labor, whereby PPA codes landmark identity, RSC retrieves spatial or conceptual information associated with landmarks, and OPA processes visual features that are important for landmark recognition.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTA central element of spatial navigation is the ability to recognize the landmarks that mark different places in the world. However, little is known about how the brain performs this function. Here we show that the parahippocampal place area (PPA), a region in human occipitotemporal cortex, exhibits key features of a landmark recognition mechanism. Specifically, the PPA treats different perceptual instantiations of the same landmark as representationally similar, but only when subjects have enough experience to know the correspondences among the stimuli. We also identify two other brain regions that exhibit landmark generalization, but with less sensitivity to familiarity. These results elucidate the brain networks involved in the learning and recognition of navigational landmarks.
Obesity and Autism
Authors: Hill Alison Presmanes , Zuckerman Katharine E. , Fombonne Eric 
Published: November 2015

OBJECTIVE:
Overweight and obesity are increasingly prevalent in the general pediatric population. Evidence suggests that children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) may be at elevated risk for unhealthy weight. We identify the prevalence of overweight and obesity in a multisite clinical sample of children with ASDs and explore concurrent associations with variables identified as risk factors for unhealthy weight in the general population.

METHODS:
Participants were 5053 children with confirmed diagnosis of ASD in the Autism Speaks Autism Treatment Network. Measured values for weight and height were used to calculate BMI percentiles; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for BMI for gender and age were used to define overweight and obesity (≥85th and ≥95th percentiles, respectively).

RESULTS:
In children age 2 to 17 years, 33.6% were overweight and 18% were obese. Compared with a general US population sample, rates of unhealthy weight were significantly higher among children with ASDs ages 2 to 5 years and among those of non-Hispanic white origin. Multivariate analyses revealed that older age, Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, lower parent education levels, and sleep and affective problems were all significant predictors of obesity.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our results indicate that the prevalence of unhealthy weight is significantly greater among children with ASD compared with the general population, with differences present as early as ages 2 to 5 years. Because obesity is more prevalent among older children in the general population, these findings raise the question of whether there are different trajectories of weight gain among children with ASDs, possibly beginning in early childhood.
Exposure and Use of Mobile Media Devices by Young Children
Authors: Kabali Hilda K. , Irigoyen Matilde M. , Nunez-Davis Rosemary , Budacki Jennifer G. , Mohanty Sweta H. , Leister Kristin P. , Bonner Robert L. 
Published: November 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Research on children’s use of mobile media devices lags behind its adoption. The objective of this study was to examine young children’s exposure to and use of mobile media devices.

METHODS:
Cross-sectional study of 350 children aged 6 months to 4 years seen October to November 2014 at a pediatric clinic in an urban, low-income, minority community. The survey was adapted from Common Sense Media’s 2013 nationwide survey.

RESULTS:
Most households had television (97%), tablets (83%), and smartphones (77%). At age 4, half the children had their own television and three-fourths their own mobile device. Almost all children (96.6%) used mobile devices, and most started using before age 1. Parents gave children devices when doing house chores (70%), to keep them calm (65%), and at bedtime (29%). At age 2, most children used a device daily and spent comparable screen time on television and mobile devices. Most 3- and 4-year-olds used devices without help, and one-third engaged in media multitasking. Content delivery applications such as YouTube and Netflix were popular. Child ownership of device, age at first use, and daily use were not associated with ethnicity or parent education.

CONCLUSIONS:
Young children in an urban, low-income, minority community had almost universal exposure to mobile devices, and most had their own device by age 4. The patterns of use suggest early adoption, frequent and independent use, and media multitasking. Studies are urgently needed to update recommendations for families and providers on the use of mobile media by young children.
Motivación en alumnos de Primaria en aulas con metodología basada en proyectos
Authors: Martín Alba , Rogríguez Susana 
Published: November 2015

Este trabajo surge del interés por conocer los efectos del Aprendizaje Basado en Proyectos (ABP) sobre la motivación de los estudiantes. ABP ha sido descrito como un método de enseñanza constructivista, cooperativo y guiado. En estos entornos, los estudiantes reciben un desafío del mundo real y la enseñanza guía el desarrollo de las habilidades a utilizar para superar ese reto. La literatura sobre los efectos del ABP encontró que la motivación de los alumnos hacia el aprendizaje, la participación activa en el aprendizaje y la autonomía era mayor. El objetivo del presente estudio es explorar si existen diferencias en las metas de logro entre los alumnos de primaria que asisten a aulas de ABP y los que reciben una enseñanza tradicional. La muestra se compone de 110 estudiantes de 5º de EP de dos escuelas públicas diferentes (edad media 10,28, 46,4% niñas y 53,6% varones). La mitad de la muestra asiste a una escuela donde la actividad diaria es, básicamente, escuchar la exposición del profesor, hacer de forma individual las tareas, corregir tareas y estudiar los contenidos del libro de texto (Escuela 1). A los otros 55 estudiantes se les plantean retos de investigación a resolver por sí mismos y el docente proporciona apoyo en torno a las destrezas necesarias (Escuela 2). Para medir las metas académicas, utilizamos el Cuestionario de Metas Académicas de Skaalvik que diferencia las dimensiones de aproximación y de evitación en metas del aprendizaje y rendimiento. Las respuestas se registraron en escalas de 5 puntos de 1 (nunca) a 5 (siempre). Se realizó un análisis de varianza con el fin de comparar a los estudiantes que asisten a la Escuela 1 (enseñanza tradicional) con los estudiantes de la Escuela 2 (ABP) en metas de aproximación al rendimiento, evitación del rendimiento, dominio y evitación de trabajo académico. El ANOVA reveló la existencia de diferencias significativas en metas de aproximación al rendimiento y evitación de trabajo entre los dos grupos (de enseñanza tradicional y ABP). En concreto, los estudiantes con los métodos de enseñanza tradicionales mostraron medias significativamente más altas en la orientación a metas de evitación de trabajo en comparación con las de los estudiantes que asisten a la escuela con ABP. Mientras que estos últimos muestran una orientación a metas de aproximación al rendimiento más elevada. Estos resultados permiten sugerir que los estudiantes que tratan de hacer lo menos posible y evitar tareas difíciles se encuentran en menor medida en los entornos de ABP mientras que éstos están más preocupados por obtener mejores calificaciones que sus compañeros y demostrar sus habilidades. Al menos en la escuela primaria, ABP podría ser más eficaz respecto al enriquecimiento de contenidos académicos o valor de la tarea que con el compromiso y la colaboración de los alumnos en el proceso de aprendizaje durante el trabajo en grupo.
Imagen mental y su relación con los intereses vocacionales
Authors: Lado Mario Antonio , Campos Alfredo 
Published: November 2015

El objeto de este estudio era investigar la relación entre la habilidad para crear y rotar imágenes mentales y los intereses vocacionales; queríamos saber si existía diferencia entre altos y bajos en la Medida de la Aptitud para Rotar Imágenes Mentales (MARMI; Campos, 2012), y entre altos y bajos en la Medida de la Aptitud para Formar Imágenes Mentales Espaciales (MASMI; Campos, 2009; 2013), en cada uno de los intereses vocacionales enunciados por Holland (1973), y que distingue los perfiles siguientes: realista, investigador, artístico, social, emprendedor y convencional. Para ello se llevó a cabo una prueba para muestras independientes, y los resultados indicaron que las puntuaciones tanto en el MARMI como en el MASMI influyeron en los perfiles realista, investigador, emprendedor y convencional; además, solamente las puntuaciones en el MASMI influyeron en el perfil social. No se apreciaron influencias respecto a los demás perfiles vocacionales.
“My Skin Color Stops Me from Leading”: Tracking, Identity, and Student Dynamics in a Racially Mixed School
Authors: Modica Marianne 
Published: November 2015

The practice of separating students according to ability level, also known as academic tracking, allows racially mixed schools to maintain segregated classrooms. This article examines the effects of academic tracking on the racial identity and educational opportunities of students at a mixed-race suburban charter school. Through five months of participant observation research, I found that the long-term practice of academic tracking created racial boundaries among students, silenced students of color in honors classes, and limited educational opportunity for all students. However, subsequent efforts to detrack, although superficial, resulted in positive outcomes for all students.