bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
II. Charakterisierung der schnellmarkierten RNS
Authors: Wollgiehn R. , Ruess M. 
Published: February 2015

The nucleic acid metabolism of young leaves (Nicotiana rustica, Pisum sativum) was investigated by 32P-labelling in short-time experiments. The nucleic acids were extracted quantitatively with buffer, containing SDS, and fractionated on the MAK column. Several rapidly labelled RNA fractions were found in the region of sRNS, DNA and rRNA. We have characterized two rapidly labelled fractions more detailed. The first one is a high molecular AU-RNA, which is eluted from the MAK column after the rRNA. The second one is a low molecular fraction in the region of the sRNA.
The AU-RNA has the following properties: 1) It is rapidly labelled in pulse experiments. 2) the halfe-life of the AU-RNA in chase experiments is 4 hours at its maximum, showing faster degradation compared to the other fractions. 3) The 32P-incorporation is quantitatively inhibited by actinomycin D. 4) The base composition resembles DNA base composition (high AU and low GC content) . 5) AU-RNS appears as a heterogeneous fraction in the sucrose gradient, and sediments similar to rRNA. 6) AU-RNA occurs in all particle fractions of the homogenates.
The low molecular, rapidly labelled RNA shows the following properties: 1) The radioactive peak does not correspond with 4 S or 5 S RNA peaks. 2) This RNA is metabolically stable, the radioactivity decreases very slowly in chase-experiments. 3) The 32P-incorporation is less inhibited by actinomycin D than the other RNA fractions. 4) The base composition is not similar to DNA base composition. A high content of labelled CTP in this RNA fraction may indicate the rapid 32P-incorporation by exchange of the terminal CpCpA group of tRNA.
The possible messenger function of the AU-RNA is discussed.
Enzym-Induktion und Nucleinsäure -Stoffwechsel unter dem Einfluß organspezifischer Nitrosamine
Authors: Kroger H. , Kessel H. 
Published: February 2015

Nitrosamine zeigen eine stark organspezifische carcinogene Wirkung. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird von einigen dieser Substanzen der Einfluß auf die Enzym-Induktion in der Leber und auf den Nucleinsäure-Stoffwechsel verschiedener Organe studiert.
Diäthylnitrosamin, das einen Tumor der Leber hervorruft, hemmt die Substrat-Induktion der Tyrosin-a-Ketoglutarat-Transaminase, hat jedoch keinen Einfluß auf die durch Cortison bewirkte Aktivitäts-Steigerung des Enzyms. Der Effekt des N-Nitroso-sarkosin-äthylesters, der spezifisch einen Tumor der Speiseröhre bewirkt, ist nur gering.
Der Einbau von Orotsäure-6-14C in die RNS der Leber wird unter der Einwirkung von Diäthylnitrosamin erheblich herabgesetzt. N-Nitroso-sarkosin-äthylester hat in diesem System keinen Effekt. Es steigert gering den Einbau von Uridin-3H in die RNS der Speiseröhre, aber auch in die von Niere, Milz und Herz.
In der Leber tritt unter der Einwirkung von Diäthylnitrosamin eine erhebliche Einlagerung von Glykogen ein. Applikation von N-Nitroso-sarkosin-äthylester führt nur zu einer sehr geringen Steigerung des Glykogen-Gehalts.
Die vorliegenden Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, daß nur solche Nitrosamine auf die Induzierbarkeit von Enzymen in der Leber und den Nucleinsäure-Stoffwechsel dieses Organs wirksam sind, die hier auch tumoröse Veränderungen hervorrufen.
Spektrophotometrische Bestimmung der Gleichgewichtskonstanten und thermodynamischen Daten beim Protonenübergang von o-Nitrophenol an verschiedene Amine in Benzol
Authors: Jannakoudakis D. , Moumtzis J. 
Published: February 2015

Der Protonenübergang vom o-Nitrophenol zu verschiedenen Aminmolekülen in benzolischen Lösungen wird bei verschiedenen Temperaturen spektrophotometrisch untersucht.
Es wurde festgestellt, daß das gebildete Assoziat ein Ionenpaar der Form 1:1 darstellt, bei dem das Anion die Chinon-Anion-Form des o-Nitrophenols hat. Die Gleichgewichtskonstanten bei 15°, 20°, 25°, 30° und 35 °C werden durch Anwendung der Rose und Drago - graphischen Methode ermittelt und die thermodynamischen Daten ΔH, ΔG°25 und ΔS°25 berechnet.
Physikalische, chemische und biologische Charakterisierung von menschlichem Choriongonadotropin
Authors: Schlumberger H. D. 
Published: February 2015

Purification of commercially available HCG preparations with DEAE Sephadex A 50 and Sephadex G 100 column chromatography gave homogeneous fractions having specific biological activities four fold those of the starting materials. The purified HCG has ICSH characteristics and, in high doses, a definite FSH effect is present.
Chemical analysis of HCG showed it to contain 29% carbohydrates and 69% peptides. The C-terminal amino acid of the peptide chain was found to be serine, but the N-terminal amino acid could not be determined with normal methods. A molecular weight of 22000 — 27000 daltons was obtained by quantitative end group analysis. Ultracentrifugation experiments in 4 m guanidine hydrochloride gave a molecular weight of 27200 daltons, but in neutral saline solutions at HCG concentrations above 2 mg/ml the apparent molecular weight was higher and indicated dimer formation. A dissociation constant of 10-5 mol/l was estimated for the monomer-dimer equilibrium. Since biological activity is found with 0.1 to 0.5 µg, it was concluded that the HCG monomer is the active entity.
The purified HCG is stable from pH 4.5 to pH 10 for 6 hours at 37 °C. At pH 2.5 only 5 to 10% of the original activity is retained. HCG is rapidly inactivated at 100 °C, but a residual activity of 6 — 10% remained after 30 minutes at 80 °C. No activity was lost after 30 minutes incubation at 60 °C.
On the Properties of Some α-Hydroxy Phosphonates and Related Compounds
Authors: Zayed S. M. A. D. , Hassan A. , Fakhr I. M. I. 
Published: February 2015

In search for effective organophosphorus esters against the larva of the cotton leaf worm (Prodenia litura F), some α-hydroxy phosphonic acid dimethyl esters and related compounds have been synthesized. The effect of substitution on the antiesterase activity and toxicity towards Prodenia larvae has been investigated.
The infra-red spectra of the prepared phosphorus esters are discussed.
Excretion of Radiocesium (137Cs) in Sweat from Humans
Authors: Vellar Odd D. , Madshus Kjell 
Published: February 2015

Sweat from the whole body was collected in five healthy unacclimatized male students during two consecutive periods of profuse sweating in a climatic chamber with a hot humid environment. In each subject one sweat collection experiment was performed before and another experiment about two weeks after an oral dose of 137Cs (160 nCi).
Before the intake of the 137Cs oral dose the volunteers had a “natural” body burden in the same range as other Oslo-residents, whereas their mean body burden rose by a factor of approximately six, measured five days after the intake of the dose.
The mean concentration of 137Cs in whole body sweat after the intake of the oral dose was about 10 times higher than the initial values.
After the oral dose of 137Cs, the amount excreted through sweating was about 30 pCi 137Cs per hour. Thus, the present data show that the elimination of 137Cs through sweating might be considerable during prolonged periods of profuse perspiration. Consequently, this excretory pathway should not be neglected under conditions where heat, humidity and physical exertion pertain.
There was no decrease in the concentration of 137Cs in whole body sweat from the first to the second period of sweat collection. Thus, the results give no support to the hypothesis of an “internal” contamination of the sweat of the initial stages of secretion.
XVIII. Alterations of the Nature of RNA Synthesized in Isolated Fat Body Cell Nuclei as a Result of Ecdysone and Juvenile Hormone Action
Authors: Congote L. F. , Sekeris C. E. , Karlson P. 
Published: February 2015

The RNA synthesized in isolated fat body cell nuclei of blowfly larvae under the influence of ecdysone and juvenile hormone was studied by sucrose density centrifugation and RNA-DNA-hybridization.
RNA produced in isolated nuclei of larvae in the early third instar has a polydisperse sedimentation pattern, showing a maximum at about 14 S, while RNA synthesized in nuclei of larvae in a later developmental stage has, in average, lower sedimentation coefficients. No significant differences in sedimentation properties could be seen between RNA of control and hormone-treated nuclei.
An investigation of the hybridization of RNA synthesized in hormone-treated nuclei showed that the RNA produced under the influence of ecdysone or juvenile hormone is qualitatively different from that of the controls. This points to a specific effect of the hormones on the genome. The antagonistic effect of ecdysone and juvenile hormone on RNA synthesis is discussed on the basis of hybridization studies.
Die Farbanpassung mit ihren genetischen und modifikatorischen Ursachen bei der Hausmaus Mus musculus und der afrikanischen Bergratte Aethomys namaquensis
Authors: Bieber Heidi , Lubnow Ernst 
Published: February 2015

Bei Mus musculus und Aethomys namaquensis findet man ein Haarmuster, das demjenigen der Kaninchen einigermaßen gleicht: in beiden Fällen bilden die schwarzen Spitzen und die farblosen bis rötlich-gelben Binden zusammen einen Abschnitt konstanter Größe κ1. Der Wert κ1 zeigt wie bei den Kaninchen prozentual und absolut die geringste Abweichung der Einzelwerte vom jeweiligen Mittelwert. Daher kann man folgern, daß der Abschnitt κ1 den genetisch fixierten Abschluß für das Binden-Spitzen-Muster wildfarbiger Haare darstellt. Die durchschnittliche Aufteilung von κ1 in Spitze und Binde bei verschiedenen Arten (bei Hausmäusen und Namaratten 1 : 3, bei Kaninchen 1 : 1 oder 3 : 1) basiert auf Allelen, über die noch nichts bekannt ist. Dagegen wird die Unterteilung des Einzelhaares in Spitze und Binde durch andere, nicht genetisch festgelegte Faktoren gesteuert, über die am Beispiel von Kaninchen an anderer Stelle berichtet werden soll.
Zwischen Spitze, Binde und κ1 bestehen Korrelationen, die bei Aethomys und Mus musculus annähernd identisch sind:
Binden- und κ1-Werte sind stark positiv korreliert, Spitzen- und Bindenwerte sind schwach negativ korreliert und die Spitzen sind bei beiden Rassen sehr kurz mit einem recht einheitlichen Mittelwert von 0,5 mm.
Die Mittelwerte für die Binden- und κ1-Werte streuen bei beiden Rassen ohne größere Sprünge jeweils um einen einheitlichen Mittelwert, so daß die Frage offen bleiben mußte, ob die Tiere dem genetischen Typ W/W oder w/w zuzuordnen sind. (Beide genetische Typen wurden für Kaninchen nachgewiesen.)
Der Anteil der schwarzen Rückenhaare war bei Aethomys namaquensis stark negativ korreliert mit der Bindenbreite, d. h. je schmaler die Binden eines Felles sind, desto mehr schwarze Haare treten auf.
Bei wildfarbigen Hausmäusen hat der Rücken eine einheitliche grau-braune Farbe. Die Fellfarben der Aethomys zeigen dagegen Schattierungen von grau-braun bis stark rötlich. Eine photometrische Untersuchung ergab, daß bei etwa gleichem Farbton des Pigments die Unterschiede in der Helligkeit auf Unterschieden am sichtbaren Schwarzanteil aller Haare beruhen (aus Spitzenlänge und Anzahl der einfarbig schwarzen Haare zusammengesetzt).
Für die Unterschiede in der Sättigung ist wichtig, daß man die Binde in ihrer vollen Länge im Fell sehen kann, ihr Endstück also nicht wie bei Kaninchen durch andere schwarze Spitzen verdeckt wird. Je länger die Binde bzw. κ1, desto größer fällt der Wert für Intensität oder Sättigung aus. Daraus folgt, daß der Farbeindruck der verschiedenen Aethomys-Felle auf der Ausdehnung der Binde bzw. der Länge des Haarabschnittes κ1 beruht.
Die Farbrassen der Namaratten, die im allgemeinen am Waterberg ein dunkleres Fell zeigen als in der Wüste Namib, können aufgrund der Kreuzungsversuche und der kontinuierlichen Mittelwerte für die Bindenbreiten als Modifikationen eines Allels gedeutet werden.
Bestimmung von Reflexionskoeffizienten an der Membran der Alge Valonia utricularis / Determination of Reflection Coefficients of the Membrane of the Algae Valonia utricularis
Authors: Zimmermann U. , Steudle E. 
Published: February 2015

A zero flow method of rapidly determining reflection coefficients of giant algae cells is described.
Changes of the osmotic pressure in the outside medium caused a net volume flow through the cell membranes and consequently changes of the hydrostatic pressure inside the cell. By continously measuring the hydrostatic pressure it was possible, to determine the concentration outside the cell at which no volume flow occurs.
The reflection coefficients of some non-electrolyts were determined on the membrane of the mediterranean algae Valonia utricularis with an error of 3 - 4% and are discussed on the basis of the pore model.
The hydrostatic pressure inside Valonia cells decreased exponentially with time, when they were put into a hypertonic aequous solution. If a linear dependence of the volume (water) flow on the hydrostatic and osmotic pressure differences is supposed, it will be possible to calculate the volume (water) flow.
Studies on the Biosynthesis of Psoralen and Bergapten in the Leaves of Ficus carica
Authors: Caporale G. , Dall'Acqua F. , Marciani S. , Capozzi A. 
Published: February 2015

With the aim of studying the biosynthesis of psoralen and bergapten, two furocoumarins present in the leaves of “Ficus carica” (Moraceae), the Authors, continuing preceding researchs on this topic, have fed the leaves with the following labelled precursors: 4′,5′-dihydropsoralen, 4′,5′-dihydrobergapten, 7-hydroxycoumarin, 5,7-dihydroxycoumarin and 5-methoxy-7-hydroxycoumarin.
The results obtained indicate that all these substances are certain biogenetic precursors for psoralen and bergapten.
On the basis of the results obtained the biosynthetic pathway of furocoumarins seems to involve first of all the formation of a coumarinic derivative 7-hydroxylated, then an isoprenylation reaction which leads to the formation of the hydrogenated furan ring, finally dehydrogenation of the 4′,5′-dihydrofurocoumarins to psoralen and bergapten.
Direct and Indirect Transfer of ATP and ADP across the Chloroplast Envelope
Authors: Heber U. , Santarius K. A. 
Published: February 2015

1. In intact leaves of Elodea densa illumination resulted in a large increase in the levels of chloroplastic and cytoplasmic ATP and a decrease in chloroplastic and cytoplasmic ADP. Reverse changes were observed on darkening. The kinetics of the fluctuations were similar in chloroplasts and cytoplasm suggesting effective transfer of ATP and ADP between chloroplasts and cytoplasm. Ratios of ATP to ADP were significantly lower in the chloroplasts than in the cytoplasm in the dark and in the light. This may indicate different phosphate potentials in chloroplasts and cytoplasm. Transfer of ATP across the chloroplast envelope as calculated from the light-dependent cytoplasmic ATP increase was 7 to 9 μmoles/mg chlorophyll per hour. Actual transfer rates are probably higher.
2. The determination of the rate of adenylate transfer across the envelope of intact isolated chloroplasts requires information on the composition of chloroplast preparations. Intact chloroplasts were quantitatively separated from envelope-free chloroplasts by density gradient centrifugation on Ludox gradients. The percentage of envelope-free chloroplasts in preparations of intact chloroplasts was also determined from measurements of light-dependent ferricyanide reduction.
3. During isolation in sorbitol buffer ca. 50% of the adenylates were lost from intact chloroplasts which were still capable of high rates of phosphoglycerate reduction and photosynthesis.
4. Adenylate transfer across the envelope of isolated chloroplasts as measured by the light-dependent phosphorylation of added ADP in the absence of cofactors was slow and occured at a rate of 0 to 4 µmoles/mg chloroplyll per hour. In the dark chloroplastic adenylate kinase reacted only very slowly with added AMP and ATP to form ADP. Breakage of the chloroplast envelope stimulated reaction rates.
5. Indirect transfer of ATP and ADP across the chloroplast envelope occurred via a shuttle transfer of phosphoglycerate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate. 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde is not involved as a transport metabolite. Maximum transfer rates of phosphoglycerate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate across the chloroplast envelope were higher than maximum rates of photosynthesis and reached 300 μmoles/mg chlorophyll per hour. Indirect transfer of ATP was somewhat slower than rates of phosphoglycerate reduction by isolated chloroplasts. In vivo transfer of phosphate energy by this transport metabolite system is under control of the redox state of pyridine nucleotides and of the phosphate potential.
Berechnung von Hydrolyse-Korrekturfaktoren am Beispiel der Zuckeranalyse nicht-dialysierbarer Magensaftkomponenten / Calculation of Hydrolysis Correction Factors for the Analysis of Bound Sugars and its Application to Gastric Juice
Authors: Gheorghiu Th. , Oette K. , Baumann V. 
Published: February 2015

Different conditions for the acid hydrolysis of carbohydrate-containing substances, e. g. glycoproteins or mucopolysaccharides of body fluids were tested. The errors arising during quantitative analysis of hydrolysate components are discussed. Hydrolysis correction factors can be used in order to obtain the original sugar composition of the specimen. The authors tried to develop a procedure generally appliable to the calculation of such factors as a function of release and decomposition of sugars under standard acid hydrolysis conditions (3 ɴ HCl for 3 h at 100 °C, sealed tubes, N2). The experiments were performed with lyophilisates of non-dialyzable substances of gastric juice and with the respective free sugars.
Decomposition rates of sugars in the presence of a corresponding hydrolysate of juice proteins were studied under various conditions; the rate curves showed a nearly logarithmical evolution, their slope expressing the acid resistance of the sugar in the given case. Basing on these rates and on the concentration curves of sugars in the native juice hydrolysed under the same conditions, an empirical formula was developed whose different mathematical aspects are subsequently analyzed.
Far Ultraviolet Circular Dichroism and Infrared Absorption of Thylakoids
Authors: Menke Wilhelm 
Published: February 2015

In suspensions of stroma freed chloroplasts, the far ultraviolet circular dichroism of the thylakoid proteins is masked by linear optical anisotropy, due to the regular stacking of thylakoids. The circular dichroism spectra of small fragments of thylakoid membranes have the shape, characteristic of a protein with consiberable α-helix content. The same is true for the vesicle like thylakoids of the purple bacterium Rhodopseudomonas spheroides, suspended in water. The turbid thylakoid suspension of the blue green alga Oscillatoria chalybea equally yields a protein spectrum, which, however, is somewhat distorted by light scattering.
Corresponding results are obtained by means of infrared absorption spectroscopy. The location and shape of the amide I and amide II bands of suspensions of stroma freed chloroplasts in D2O and of solid films of chloroplasts are compatible with α-helix containing protein. It was found, that a considerable amount of the amide groups is protected against deuteration. No considerable difference is observed concerning the position and shape of amide I and amide II bands from solid films, regardless, whether the lipid absorption was eliminated either by extraction with dry acetone, or by difference spetroscopy.
Disorganisation of the thylakoids by dodecyl sulfate causes only minor changes in the circular dichroism. Extraction of lipids from solid films with water containing acetone or heat denaturation results in the appearence of β-structure. Freeze dried chloroplasts are soluble in hexafluoroisopropanol. This solvent causes an increase of α-helix. Consequences of these experiments for the understanding of the molecular structure of the thylakoid membrane are discussed.
On the Production and Stability of Some Group III a Monofluorides
Authors: Hoeft J. , Lovas F. J. , Tiemann E. , Törring T. 
Published: February 2015

High temperature reaction-vaporization techniques were used to produce AlF, GaF and InF in the vapor and condensed states. The efficiency of the eqs.
M+AlF3→MF,
M+CaF2→MF, where M=Al, Ga or In,
were determined by a loss in weight method. The maximum purity obtained was about 65 percent. The microwave absorption spectra of these monofluorides varified their presence in the vapor from the reaction mixtures above as well as in the vapor from the condensates obtained by quenching the vapor produced in these reactions.
Die Bürzeldrüsenlipide des Haussperlings Passer domesticus
Authors: Jacob Jürgen , Zeman Alfred 
Published: February 2015

The uripygial (preen) gland fat of the common sparrow (passer domesticus) is a mixture of ester waxes of which 3-methyl-substituted fatty acids with a chain length of C11-C17 were shown to be the acidic components; they were characterized by IR-, NMR- and mass spectrometry.
The alcoholic components are n-alkanols with a chain length of C12-C19. Separately investigated female and male sparrows showed identically composed waxes.
The simultaneously investigated depot fat is a mixture of triglycerides with usual composition.
Zur Biosynthese der Penicilline: Bildung von 5-(2-Aminoadipyl)-cysteinyl-valin in Extrakten von Penicillium chrysogenum / Formation of 5-(2-Aminoadipyl)-cysteinyl-valin by Extracts of Penicillium chrysogenum
Authors: Bauer Karl 
Published: February 2015

Mycel-extracts of P. chrysogenum catalyse the formation of 5- (2-aminoadipoyl) -cysteinyl-valin out of its aminoacid components.
For the synthetical preparation of this compound the solid-phase method is particularly suited. The synthesis can be carried out even with very small quantities of substance and thereby allows the preparation of radioactive labelled L-5- (2-aminoadipoyl) -L-cysteinyl-L-valin of relatively high specific activity.
31P and 19F Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies of Phosphorus-Fluorine Compounds
Authors: Reddy G. S. , Schmutzler R. 
Published: February 2015

The nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (31P, 19F) of a variety of compounds containing phosphorus-fluorine bonds have been studied, in continuation of earlier investigations on the same type of compounds.
The previously observed relationship between coordination number of phosphorus and δP was generally confirmed, i. e. δP becomes more positive as the coordination number around phosphorus increases. No meaningful substitution rules, either for chemical shifts or for P-F coupling constants, could be established. The data obtained are discussed qualitatively in relation to the electronegativity of the substituents and to the coordination number of phosphorus. Data on the preparation and characterization of numerous phosphorus-fluorine compounds are also included.
Vergleich natürlicher und induzierter Haargenerationen am Farbmuster wildfarbener Hauskaninchen
Authors: Bieber Heidi , Lubnow Ernst , Klippel Uta 
Published: February 2015

Die an wildfarbigen Hauskaninchen zu verschiedenen Zeitpunkten im ersten Lebensjahr vorgenommenen Messungen des Haarmusters haben erwiesen, daß die Ausbildung des adulten Felles nicht von der Anzahl der neu gebildeten Haargenerationen abhängt, sondern ausschließlich vom Alter des Tieres.
Das lokale Induzieren von Haargenerationen außerhalb der natürlichen Mauser brachte keine vorzeitige Ausbildung der einzelnen Haarabschnitte und der Gesamtlänge der Haare mit sich.
Die Entwicklung des Haarfarbmusters verlief relativ kontinuierlich und erreichte im letzten Drittel des ersten Lebensjahres ihren Abschluß.
Der Einfluß des Bindenbreitengens W bzw. w wurde bei den Mittelwerten der betreffenden Haarabschnitte, nämlich der Binde und k1 (= Binde + Spitze), in induzierten wie in natürlichen Haargenerationen deutlich.
Der Zuwachs der Spitzen erfolgte unabhängig davon, ebenso das Längenwachstum der Gesamthaare, wobei die Haare erst nach einem Jahr voll ausgewachsen waren.