bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous Determination of Caffeine, Ibuprofen, and Paracetamol by Flow‐injection Analysis with Multiple‐pulse Amperometric Detection on Boron‐doped Diamond Electrode
Authors: Chaves Sandro C. , Aguiar Priscila N. C. , Torres Lívia M. F. C. , Gil Eric S. , Luz Rita C. S. , Damos Flávio S. , Munoz Rodrigo A. A. , Richter Eduardo M. , dos Santos Wallans T. P. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis work presents a simple, fast and low‐cost method for the simultaneous determination of three drugs by flow‐injection analysis with multiple‐pulse amperometric (MPA) detection using a wall‐jet flow cell with a boron‐doped diamond electrode. The amperometric determination of caffeine (CF), ibuprofen (IB) and paracetamol (PC) was performed by the application of a four‐potential waveform using the MPA technique. PC is oxidized at E1 (1.20 V/70 ms) and thus selectively detected; PC and CF are oxidized at E2 (1.49 V/40 ms); PC, CF and IB are oxidized at E3 (1.70 V/70 ms); and E4 (1.80 V/100 ms) is applied for electrode cleaning. The subtraction of currents obtained at the different potentials did not provide accurate determinations of CF and IB, thus it was required to investigate correction factors to determine CF and IB without the interference from PC and CF using the respective amperometric signals obtained at E2 and E3. The proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of three drugs in pharmaceutical samples with low generation of residues and a high analytical frequency (150 h−1) in comparison with HPLC‐DAD method.
Catalyzing the scale‐up of community‐based primary healthcare in a rural impoverished region of northern Ghana
Authors: Awoonor‐Williams John Koku , Phillips James F. , Bawah Ayaga A. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryGhana's Community‐based Health Planning and Services (CHPS) initiative develops accessible healthcare with participatory community support, using strategies developed and tested by a project of the Navrongo Health Research Centre. In 1996, the project was expanded to a district‐wide four‐celled trial. In response to evidence that strategies could reduce fertility and childhood mortality, a replication project was launched to develop methods for scale‐up. Based on experience gained, CHPS scale‐up was launched in 2000. Although CHPS now reaches all of Ghana's districts, the pace of scale‐up within districts has been slow. In response, the Ministry of Health conducted a review of factors that constrain CHPS scale‐up and problems that detract from its original evidence‐based design. To resolve problems that were identified, a project was launched in 2010 to test means of accelerating CHPS scale‐up and expand its range of care. Known as the Ghana Essential Health Interventions Program (GEHIP), the project provided catalytic revenue to four treatment district managers for 3 years, in conjunction with implementation of strategies for comprehensive leadership development and community partnership. Monitoring systems were developed to gauge CHPS coverage time trends in all nine study districts. GEHIP successfully accelerated CHPS implementation, producing 100% of its targeted community coverage within 5 years of implementation. Coverage in comparison districts also improved. However, the rate of coverage and per cent of the population reached by CHPS in comparison districts was only half that of GEHIP districts. GEHIP success in completing CHPS coverage represents the initial stage of a national program for strengthening community health systems in Ghana. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of paliperidone palmitate 3‐month formulation in patients with schizophrenia: A phase‐1, single‐dose, randomized, open‐label study
Authors: Ravenstijn Paulien , Remmerie Bart , Savitz Adam , Samtani Mahesh N. , Nuamah Isaac , Chang Cheng‐Tao , De Meulder Marc , Hough David , Gopal Srihari 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis multicenter, randomized, open‐label, parallel‐group, phase‐1 study assessed the pharmacokinetics (PK), safety, and tolerability of the investigational intramuscular paliperidone palmitate 3‐month (PP3M) formulation in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. A total of 328 patients (men or women, aged 18–65 years) were enrolled in 1 of 4 separately conducted panels (A to D). Each panel had 2 single‐dose treatment periods (period 1, 1 mg intramuscular paliperidone immediate release [IR]; period 2, intramuscular PP3M 75−525 mg eq) separated by a washout of 7–21 days. Overall, 245 of 308 (79.5%) PP3M‐dosed patients completed the study. Because the PK studies of panels A and C were compromised by incomplete injection in some patients, PK data from only panels B and D are presented. Safety data from all panels are presented. Peak paliperidone plasma concentration was achieved between 23 and 34 days, and apparent half‐life was ∼2–4 months. Mean plasma AUC∞ and Cmax of paliperidone appeared to be dose‐proportional. Relative bioavailability in comparison with paliperidone was ∼100% independent of the dose and injection site. Headache and nasopharyngitis were the most common (>7%) treatment‐emergent adverse events. Overall, safety and tolerability were similar to those of the 1‐month formulation. Results support a once‐every‐3‐months dosing interval in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder.
Linkage between the East Asian January temperature extremes and the preceding Arctic Oscillation
Authors: He Shengping , Wang Huijun 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTThis study investigated the potential connection of the October–December Arctic Oscillation (AO‐OND) with the following January East Asian temperature extremes and the possible mechanisms. It was found that the extreme cold (warm) events are less (more) frequent in January over East Asia following a positive phase of AO‐OND, which might be attributed to the intrinsic persistence of AO‐OND in stratosphere and the memory of Eurasian snow cover. It is revealed that the barotropic structure of AO‐OND could extend to stratosphere. By the following January, wave activities propagate from stratosphere downwards to upper troposphere, then bent equatorwards to mid‐latitudes. Consequently, the January circumpolar jet (polar vortex) gets strengthened (colder) because the equatorward‐pointing (upwards) wave activities correspond to poleward meridional eddy momentum (eddy heat) flux. In such a way, the anomalous AO‐OND persists into the following January. On the other hand, positive phase of AO‐OND causes significant surface warming in most parts of Eurasia, leading to Eurasian snow melt. The October–December snow melt has intrinsic climatic memory and further weakens the January Siberian High through reducing surface albedo. Besides, the surface warming in North Europe because of reduced surface albedo caused by snow melt could stimulate a Rossby wave train propagating eastwards across Eurasia, which restrains the blocking events around Ural region. In such a context, the incidence of extreme warm (cold) events over East Asia is more (less) frequent.
Spatio‐temporal changes in precipitation, temperature and their possibly changing relationship: a case study in the Wei River Basin, China
Authors: Huang Shengzhi , Huang Qiang , Zhang Hongbo , Chen Yutong , Leng Guoyong 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTWith the purpose of further understanding the spatio‐temporal changes in precipitation, temperature and their possibly changing relationship in the Wei River Basin (WRB), a typical arid and semi‐arid region in China, the modified Mann–Kendall (MMK) test method was used to capture their trends at monthly and annual time scales, and the K‐means cluster analysis method was applied to divide the whole basin into three homogeneous sub‐regions. Furthermore, a copulas‐based method was introduced in this study to identify possible inflection points of the relationship between precipitation and temperature in the WRB. Results indicate that: (1) spatially, both annual average precipitation and temperature decreased from southeast to northwest; temporally, for most months, a decreasing trend was found for precipitation while the air temperature in most months has a significantly increasing trend at 99% confidence level at monthly and annual time scales in the WRB; (2) climate warming has less effect on the precipitation structure than that on the precipitation magnitude in the WRB; and (3) overall, the relationship between precipitation and temperature in the whole WRB has no significant inflection point, implying a relatively stable relationship between precipitation and temperature changes. This study provides a new idea and quantitative measure for the identification of inflection points of the relationship between precipitation and temperature.
Climate characteristics and their relationship with soybean and maize yields in Argentina, Brazil and the United States
Authors: Llano María Paula , Vargas Walter 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTThe impact of climate variability on exportable surpluses of maize and soya beans in producing/exporting countries is well known. This situation necessitates the study of climate variability and yields in some of the major producer countries (Argentina, Brazil and the United States). This study aims to characterize the climate regimes of each region, seeking the highest degree of regional homogeneity and representativeness of yields and climate variables. The series variability is analysed according to various effects (different stages of crop development and conditioning of yield). The temperatures and rainfall occurring during the flowering stage exert greater conditioning on yield at the end of the crop cycle. Different theoretical fit models of yield are obtained for both crops with climate information from their core areas of high production.
Differentiation of healthy and malignant tissue in colon cancer patients using optical spectroscopy: A tool for image‐guided surgery
Authors: Langhout G.C. , Spliethoff J.W. , Schmitz S.J. , Aalbers A.G.J. , van Velthuysen M.‐L.F. , Hendriks B.H.W. , Ruers T.J.M. , Kuhlmann K.F.D. 
Published: July 2015

BackgroundSurgery for colorectal cancer aims for complete tumor resection. Optical‐based techniques can identify tumor and surrounding tissue through the tissue specific optical properties, absorption and scattering, which are both influenced by the biochemical and morphological composition of the tissue.ObjectiveTo evaluate the feasibility of dual‐modality Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy–Fluorescence Spectroscopy (DRS‐FS) for discrimination between healthy and malignant tissue in colorectal surgery.MethodsSurgical specimens from colorectal cancer patients were measured immediately after resection using a fiber‐optic needle capable of dual‐modality DRS‐FS. Model‐based analyses were used to derive scattering and absorption coefficients and intrinsic fluorescence. Volume fractions of chromophores were estimated. Furthermore, optical data were recorded along a trajectory from healthy tissue towards tumor.ResultsSpectral characteristics were identified in 1,273 measured spectra from 21 specimens. Combined DRS and FS discriminated tumor from surrounding tissue with a sensitivity of 95% and a specificity of 88%. Significant spectral changes were seen along the trajectory from healthy tissue to tumor.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that dual‐modality DRS‐FS can identify colorectal cancer from surrounding healthy tissue. The quantification of comprehensible parameters allows robust classification and facilitates extrapolation towards the clinical setting. The technique, here demonstrated in a needle like probe, can be incorporated into surgical tools for optically guided surgery in the near future. Lasers Surg. Med. 47:559–565, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Donor site morbidity after scapular tip free flaps in head‐and‐neck reconstruction
Authors: Ferrari Silvano , Ferri Andrea , Bianchi Bernardo , Varazzani Andrea , Perlangeli Giuseppe , Sesenna Enrico 
Published: July 2015

BackgroundRecently, the scapular tip free flap has been popularized as a valuable option for bone reconstruction of the head and neck area. Analyses of perioperative and long‐time morbidity are crucial to enable complete comprehension of this technique and will be presented in this paper.MethodsPerioperative and long‐term morbidity of scapular tip flaps harvesting were analyzed in a cohort of 19 patients. Local complications and ambulation‐time were used to assess perioperative results, while Constant–Murley and DASH scores were used to evaluate long‐term morbidity on shoulder functions.ResultsLocal perioperative complications were minimal (three cases of seroma and two wound dehiscence). Ambulation time ranged between 2 and 4 days (mean 2.7 days). Constant–Murley scores ranged between 66 and 100 (mean 92.2). The DASH score ranged between 39 and 85 (mean 48.6).ConclusionHarvesting a scapular tip free flap resulted in very low shoulder morbidity, without interfering the patient's daily activities. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 35:447–450, 2015.
A 7T spine array based on electric dipole transmitters
Authors: Duan Qi , Nair Govind , Gudino Natalia , de Zwart Jacco A. , van Gelderen Peter , Murphy‐Boesch Joe , Reich Daniel S. , Duyn Jeff H. , Merkle Hellmut 
Published: July 2015

PurposeThe goal of this study was to explore the feasibility of using an array of electric dipole antennas for RF transmission in spine MRI at high fields.MethodA two‐channel transmit array based on an electric dipole design was quantitatively optimized for 7T spine imaging and integrated with a receive array combining eight loop coils. Using
mapping, the transmit efficiency of the dipole array was compared with a design using quadrature loop pairs. The radiofrequency energy deposition for each array was measured using a home‐built dielectric phantom and MR thermometry. The performance of the proposed array was qualitatively demonstrated in human studies.ResultsThe results indicate dramatically improved transmit efficiency for the dipole design compared with the loop excitation. A gain of up to 76% was achieved within the spinal region.ConclusionFor imaging of the spine, electric dipole–based transmitters provide an attractive alternative to the traditional loop‐based design. Easy integration with existing receive array technology facilitates practical use at high fields. Magn Reson Med 74:1189–1197, 2015. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Sensitivity Enhancement of an Inductively Coupled Local Detector Using a HEMT‐Based Current Amplifier
Authors: Qian Chunqi , Duan Qi , Dodd Steve , Koretsky Alan , Murphy‐Boesch Joe 
Published: July 2015

PurposeTo improve the signal transmission efficiency and sensitivity of a local detection coil that is weakly inductively coupled to a larger receive coil.MethodsThe resonant detection coil is connected in parallel with the gate of a high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) transistor without impedance matching. When the drain of the transistor is capacitively shunted to ground, current amplification occurs in the resonator by feedback that transforms a capacitive impedance on the transistor's source to a negative resistance on its gate.ResultsHigh resolution images were obtained from a mouse brain using a small, 11 mm diameter surface coil that was inductively coupled to a commercial, phased array chest coil. Although the power consumption of the amplifier was only 88 μW, 14 dB gain was obtained with excellent noise performance.ConclusionAn integrated current amplifier based on a HEMT can enhance the sensitivity of inductively coupled local detectors when weakly coupled. This amplifier enables efficient signal transmission between customized user coils and commercial clinical coils, without the need for a specialized signal interface. Magn Reson Med 75:2573–2578, 2016. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Energy intake, nonexercise physical activity, and weight loss in responders and nonresponders: The Midwest Exercise Trial 2
Authors: Herrmann Stephen D. , Willis Erik A. , Honas Jeffery J. , Lee Jaehoon , Washburn Richard A. , Donnelly Joseph E. 
Published: July 2015

ObjectiveTo compare energy intake, total daily energy expenditure (TDEE), nonexercise energy expenditure (NEEx), resting metabolic rate (RMR), nonexercise physical activity (NEPA), and sedentary time between participants with weight loss <5% (nonresponders) vs. ≥5% (responders) in response to exercise.MethodsAdults (18‐30 years) with overweight/obesity (BMI 25‐40 kg/m2) were randomized to exercise: 5 days/week, 400 or 600 kcal/session, 10 months.ResultsOf the participants, 40 responded and 34 did not respond to the exercise protocol. Nonresponder energy intake was higher vs. responders, significant only in men (P=0.034). TDEE increased only in responders (P=0.001). NEEx increased in responders and decreased in nonresponders, significant only in men (P=0.045). There were no within‐ or between‐group differences for change in RMR. NEPA increased in responders and decreased in nonresponders (group‐by‐time interactions: total sample, P=0.049; men, P=0.016). Sedentary time decreased in both groups, significant only in men.ConclusionsMen who did not lose weight in response to exercise (<5%) had higher energy intake and lower NEEx when compared with men losing ≥5%. No significant differences in any parameters assessed were observed between women who lost <5% vs. those losing ≥5%. Factors associated with the weight loss response to exercise in women warrant additional investigation.
Treatment of obesity: Pharmacotherapy trends in the United States from 1999 to 2010
Authors: Xia Ying , Kelton Christina M.L. , Guo Jeff J. , Bian Boyang , Heaton Pamela C. 
Published: July 2015

ObjectiveTo describe the antiobesity drug‐prescribing patterns of US physicians over the past decade.MethodsData for adult patients were obtained from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey. Obesity was identified using ICD‐9 codes, BMI values, and a chronic‐obesity‐condition variable. For patients with obesity, a logistic‐regression model was estimated to determine the odds of receiving pharmacotherapy.ResultsOf the 987 million visits by patients with obesity from 2005 to 2010, 2.0% mentioned an antiobesity drug. Additionally, there were 6.5 million visits by patients without obesity but with an antiobesity drug mention. Visits made by females (OR = 2.89; 95% CI: 2.08‐4.03), by white patients (OR = 1.55; 95% CI: 1.08‐2.24), by younger adults (OR = 1.71; 95% CI: 1.34‐2.20), and in the South (OR = 3.39; 95% CI: 1.49‐7.72) were more likely to involve an antiobesity drug prescription.ConclusionsOnly 1 in 50 patients with obesity received a prescription for an antiobesity medication. Moreover, in contrast to what the 1998 Guidelines suggested, physicians tended to prescribe antiobesity medications to self‐paying, young, white females, many of whom lived in the South, and not all of whom had obesity.
Are obesity risk genes associated with binge eating in adolescence?
Authors: Micali Nadia , Field Alison E. , Treasure Janet L. , Evans David M. 
Published: July 2015

ObjectiveCognitions and behaviors characteristic of binge eating are associated with a polymorphism in the FTO gene, robustly related to body mass index (BMI) and obesity risk. We investigated the association between binge eating and the individual and combined effect of 32 SNPs robustly associated with BMI in a population‐based sample. We hypothesized that higher BMI and binge eating might share a common genetic etiology.MethodsBinge eating was assessed in adolescents from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children at age 14 (n = 5,958) and 16 years (n = 4,948). We tested associations between 32 BMI‐related SNPs and binge eating in crude and BMI‐, age‐, and gender‐adjusted regression models.ResultsCrude analyses showed an association between binge eating and rs1558902 (FTO) that persisted after adjustment for BMI (OR = 1.20, P = 8 × 10−3). A weighted allelic score consisting of all 32 BMI‐related SNPs was associated with binge eating (P = 8 × 10−4); this association attenuated (P = 0.08) when rs1558902 was removed from the weighted allelic score.ConclusionsBMI‐related genes are associated with adolescent binge eating, in particular an FTO polymorphism. Although replication is needed, our findings have biological plausibility and are consistent with a postulated effect of FTO on appetite and food intake. Future studies should aim to understand the mechanisms underlying the relationship between FTO, binge eating, and obesity.
Maternal obesity increases oxidative stress in the newborn
Authors: Gallardo Juan Manuel , Gómez‐López Jaqueline , Medina‐Bravo Patricia , Juárez‐Sánchez Francisco , Contreras‐Ramos Alejandra , Galicia‐Esquivel Matilde , Sánchez‐Urbina Rocío , Klünder‐Klünder Miguel 
Published: July 2015

ObjectiveObesity before pregnancy is associated with a greater risk for the offspring to develop obesity and diabetes in childhood and adulthood. The aim of the present study was to determine the association between maternal overweight or obesity before pregnancy and newborn oxidative stress (OS).MethodsSeventy‐two mother‐child pairs were divided according to the pre‐gestational body mass index (BMI) of the mothers as follows: eutrophic (n = 21), overweight (n = 32), and obese (n = 19). Malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) were measured in the plasma of a blood sample from the newborn's umbilical cord.ResultsThe MDA levels of newborns increased with maternal BMI (P = 0.001), as did the levels of NO (P = 0.019). There was a direct correlation between MDA and NO levels in each of the three groups (eutrophic: R2 = 0.59, P < 0.001; overweight: R2 = 0.45, P < 0.001; and obese: R2 = 0.26, P = 0.024).ConclusionsMaternal overweight and obesity before pregnancy are associated with increased OS in the offspring.
An Increased Risk of Second Malignant Neoplasms After Rhabdomyosarcoma: Population‐Based Evidence for a Cancer Predisposition Syndrome?
Authors: Archer Natasha M. , Amorim Renata Parada , Naves Rafaela , Hettmer Simone , Diller Lisa R. , Ribeiro Karina Braga , Rodriguez‐Galindo Carlos 
Published: July 2015

BackgroundRhabdomyosarcoma survivors have an increased risk of developing second malignant neoplasms (SMN); this risk is traditionally attributed to the effects of multidisciplinary management required for cure. However, the impact of constitutional predisposition has not been properly analyzed.MethodsWe analyzed the risk of SMN among 1,151 children diagnosed with rhabdomyosarcoma and reported to the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registries (SEER‐9) from 1973 to 2010. Standardized incidence ratios (SIR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using SEERStat 8.1.2.ResultsChildren with pleomorphic and embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma had an increased risk of developing a SMN (SIR = 15.77, 95%CI 1.91–56.96 and SIR = 5.6, 95%CI 3.32–8.85, respectively). The risk was age‐dependent; the highest was among children <2 years (SIR = 13.38, 95%CI 4.34–31.22) and the lowest was in children >10 years (SIR = 3.35, 95%CI 1.53–6.35). The risk for the youngest patients was higher for those with embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (SIR = 14.72, 95%CI 4.01–37.70) compared to other histiotypes. Additionally, the risk of SMN was independent of the use of radiation to the primary (SIR = 6.50, 95%CI 3.97–10.03 and SIR = 4.57, 95%CI 2.09–8.68, for children receiving and not receiving radiation, respectively). The pattern of SMN observed was consistent with the Li‐Fraumeni spectrum.ConclusionsChildren with rhabdomyosarcoma are at high risk of developing SMN. This risk is higher for a subgroup of young children with pleomorphic and embryonal histologies, and is independent of the use of radiation. This suggests that a subgroup of children with pleomorphic and embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma may have a constitutional cancer predisposition. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015; 9999:1–6 © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.