bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chromatin Decondensation and T Cell Hyperresponsiveness in Diabetes-Associated Hyperglycemia
Authors: Martinez Nuria , Vallerskog Therese , West Kim , Nunes-Alves Claudio , Lee Jinhee , Martens Gregory W. , Behar Samuel M. , Kornfeld Hardy 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Diabetes is linked to increased inflammation and susceptibility to certain infectious diseases including tuberculosis (TB). We previously reported that aerosol TB in mice with chronic (≥12 wk) hyperglycemia features increased bacterial load, overproduction of several cytokines, and increased immune pathology compared with normoglycemic controls. A similar phenotype exists in human patients with diabetes with TB. The mechanisms of increased T cell activation in diabetes are unknown. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that hyperglycemia modifies the intrinsic responsiveness of naive T cells to TCR stimulation. Purified T cells from chronically hyperglycemic (HG) mice produced higher levels of Th1, Th2, and Th17 cytokines and proliferated more than T cells from normoglycemic controls after anti-CD3e or Ag stimulation. In this way, naive T cells from HG mice resembled Ag-experienced cells, although CD44 expression was not increased. Chromatin decondensation, another characteristic of Ag-experienced T cells, was increased in naive T cells from HG mice. That phenotype depended on expression of the receptor for advanced glycation end products and could be reversed by inhibiting p38 MAPK. Chromatin decondensation and hyperresponsiveness to TCR stimulation persisted following transfer of T cells from HG mice into normoglycemic mice. We propose that chronic hyperglycemia causes receptor for advanced glycation end products–mediated epigenetic modification of naive T cells leading to p38 MAPK-dependent chromatin decondensation. This preactivation state facilitates transcription factor access to DNA, increasing cytokine production and proliferation following TCR stimulation. This mechanism may contribute to pathological inflammation associated with diabetes and might offer a novel therapeutic target.
X-linked Hyper-IgM Syndrome with Bronchiectasis
Authors: Nandan Devki , Nag Vimal Kumar , Trivedi Nitin , Singh Sarman 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTThe X-linked hyper-immunoglobulin M syndrome (HIGM-1) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by elevated serum IgM levels and low to undetectable levels of serum IgG, IgA and IgE. These patients characteristically present with recurrent sinopulmonary infections and recurrent diarrhea. They also have high susceptibility for Pneumocystis jiroveci (PJ) pneumonia. Herein, we report a case of HGM-1 in a 5-year-old boy who presented with bronchiectasis and, possibly, PJ pneumonia. The diagnosis was established on the basis of clinical features, immune profile, whole blood flow cytometry and history of two male sibling's death due to recurrent pneumonia and diarrhea.
Thanatophoric Dysplasia Type I: A Rare Case Report at Fetal Autopsy
Authors: Davanageri Reshma S , Shokeen Parul D , Bannur Hema B , Patil Kamal P 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTThanatophoric dysplasia type 1 is a lethal congenital anomaly with skeletal dysplasia. It is characterized by short limb dwarfism, enlarged head with frontal bossing, short neck, protuberant abdomen. It is detected in early gestational period by ultrasonography. The other associated anatomical abnormalities and characteristic laboratory findings aid in the early diagnosis and further work-up.
Adult Hepatic Mesenchymal Hamartoma: An Unusual Case
Authors: Sharma Madhawi , Bansal Preeti , Goyal Neeraj Krishna 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTMesenchymal hamartoma is a benign hamartomatous lesion with unknown histogenesis. It generally occurs in pediatric population and has been rarely reported in adults. We report an unusual case of a cystic mesenchymal hamartoma of liver in an 81-year-old elderly male. A provisional diagnosis of liver abscess was made and definitive histopathology confirmed the diagnosis. This case has been reported because of its rarity.
Le métissage brésilien
Authors: Gutel Cécilia , Le Guirriec Patrick 
Published: September 2014

Au Brésil le métissage s’enracine dans l’histoire longue du peuplement du pays. La nation brésilienne s’est constituée sur la base d’unions mixtes entre les trois « matrices initiales » amérindienne, européenne et africaine, formant un métissage tel que les différences ethniques semblent avoir été gommées, comme l’affirme le concept de « démocratie raciale ». Transformé en mythe d’origine de la nation brésilienne au début du XXe siècle, il laisse supposer la parfaite égalité de tous les citoyens. Pourtant, les inégalités socioéconomiques reposant sur les différences raciales dans l’accès aux richesses et aux pouvoirs n’ont pu échapper longtemps aux observateurs. En 2001, la société brésilienne idéalisée qui se pense et se déclare comme profondément métisse voit la mise en place de mesures de discrimination positive au bénéfice des plus pauvres, mais aussi des Noirs et des Indiens dans l’attribution de quotas dans les institutions publiques et universités. Il s’agit alors de la reconnaissance officielle de l’existence des inégalités et d’une remise en cause de l’homogénéité de la nation si longtemps affirmée. Le présent article se propose d’examiner le paradoxe sur lequel repose la représentation du métissage dans une société qui veut idéalement gommer les différences, mais dont les membres sont différenciés selon leur origine tant dans la construction des politiques publiques que dans la hiérarchisation des groupes.
Colonisation, acculturation et métissage
Authors: Bashkirov Mikhail 
Published: September 2014

Cet article présente l’histoire et l’émergence des communautés métissées de la Iakoutie du XVIIe au XIXe siècle. Dès l’époque des premiers contacts au XVIIe, les Iakoutes, une population autochtone de la Sibérie, ont subi l’influence économique, sociale et politique des colonisateurs russes. Le métissage entre les Russes et les populations locales a permis l’émergence de communautés métissées dont la culture est distincte de leurs ascendants russes et autochtones. Le processus d’adaptation aux différentes conditions géographiques et naturelles des groupes d’immigrants russes a défini la ligne de développement de ces communautés en Iakoutie. Chaque communauté avait un caractère unique et une identité locale. L’histoire des villages de Amga-Sloboda, Russkoye Ustye et Pokhodsk peut illustrer cette tendance. En général, la population de ces villages porte le nom de russkie starozhilu (« vieux colons russes »), mais en même temps chacune de ces communautés a transformé des éléments de sa culture russe et iakoute et se distingue fortement des autres communautés voisines.
Les hommes qui partent et ceux qui restent
Authors: Fresnoza-Flot Asuncion , Perraudin Anna 
Published: September 2014

La migration rurale-urbaine au Mexique et la migration internationale féminisée depuis les Philippines suscitent une reconfiguration des rôles genrés dans la famille : dans les deux cas, les femmes acquièrent une autonomie financière qui accentue la déstabilisation des rôles masculins auxquels se référaient leurs conjoints. En croisant les données de deux études portant sur les mouvements migratoires au Mexique et aux Philippines, cette note de recherche montre que les hommes mexicains et philippins adoptent des stratégies similaires afin de revaloriser leur place dans leur famille et dans leur société : gagner de l’argent en travaillant (en émigrant aux États-Unis ou en restant aux Philippines, respectivement), obtenir le soutien de leur épouse, et remplir leur rôle de père. Examiner cet effet sous-étudié de la migration des femmes sur l’identité masculine est important pour une compréhension globale des conséquences de la migration sur la famille.
Survivre dans un camp de réfugiés
Authors: Caron Roxane , Damant Dominique 
Published: September 2014

S’appuyant sur les résultats d’une recherche qualitative portant sur l’expérience d’exil de Palestiniennes vivant dans un camp de réfugiés au Liban, cette note de recherche propose une réflexion sur le sens que donnent ces femmes à leur vie en camp, et ce, malgré les guerres et l’exil prolongé. À travers les récits de vie de 42 Palestiniennes, on observe que les femmes et leur famille vivent dans un « camp réel », un espace qu’elles décrivent comme insalubre, instable et non sécuritaire. Or, la vie dans ce camp est tellement précaire et difficile que, pour « tenir bon », les femmes s’accrochent à un « camp symbolique », un camp porteur de mémoire, de souvenirs, de relations, de liens et de rêves. On verra que c’est d’ailleurs parce qu’il y a ce camp symbolique que le camp prend un sens, que la vie dans le camp peut être tolérée.
Customized Flexible Osteoid Electrode for Traumatic Brain Injury Induced Posttraumatic Epilepsy Monitoring
Authors: Wang Junjie , Yu Jingwei , Wei Hongbo , Wang An , Hou Zishuo , Kumi Moses , Wang Xinge , Wang Tengjiao , Li Peng , Huang Wei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI)‐induced post‐traumatic epilepsy (PTE) is a serious brain disease that causes the loss of motor functions, cognitive impairments, and even death. Real‐time and long‐term electrophysiological signal monitoring has significant implication for the treatment of patient with TBI. Brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) utilizing flexible electrodes enable accurate epilepsy identification by electrocorticography (ECoG) signal monitoring. In this study, a customized flexible osteoid electrode is developed, which contributes to demands and personal differentiation among patients with TBI. The end product of osteoid electrode after full osseointegration will be a stable and firmly integrated structure within the bone tissue, providing a secure platform for continuous electrophysiological signal monitoring. The flexibility and conductivity of the osteoid electrode enables high‐quality and long‐term epilepsy monitoring. Biocompatibility of the osteoid electrode is also demonstrated by in vitro cell experiments. Simultaneously, the porous osteoid electrode also exhibits osseointegration ability based on potential long‐term ECoG signal monitoring, which suggests its potential for the comprehensive treatment of TBI patients. This work not only introduces a potential therapeutic scaffold for TBI‐related diseases, but also provides promising techniques for clinical ECoG monitoring in patients with TBI.
Advanced Computational Methods in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Chen Ruoxi , Zhou Yucheng , He Jiajun , Li Xiaodong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries, as one of the most promising “post‐Li‐ion” energy storage devices, encounter several intrinsic challenges: polysulfide dissolution and shuttle effect, poor sulfur utilization, lithiation‐induced sulfur expansion, and lithium dendritic growth. These challenges must be resolved, and the associated mechanisms must be completely understood before the practical applications of Li–S batteries. Despite significant progress in enhancing battery capacities, experimental studies on the working mechanisms of Li–S batteries remain challenging. Alternatively, computational methods are proven useful for understanding Li–S electrochemistry and designing high‐performance Li–S batteries. This review presents recent advances in computational methods (density functional theory, molecular dynamics simulations, and finite element analysis) for Li–S batteries, compares their advantages, and summarizes their favorable applications in addressing the challenges of Li–S batteries. Computational methods should find more applications in the development of Li–S batteries.
Base Metals Induced Oxygen Migration and Adjustable Performance in Multifunctional Oxide Heterojunction Devices
Authors: Yang Miaoqian , Liu Yukuai , Chen Guangzheng , Ou Jiahui , Peng Jiazhi , Huang Haoliang , Zeng Xierong , Leung Chi Wah , Huang Chuanwei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe chemical and electronic interactions at metal/oxide heterojunctions is pivotal in determining the electronic properties of oxide devices utilized in microelectronics, catalysis, and photovoltaic systems. In this study, interfacial oxidation migrations within a model heterostructure system, consisting of a La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 film overlaid by various metallic (Ti, Al, Cu, Ag, and Au) ultrathin layers are systematically investigated. It is experimentally demonstrated that at elevated deposition temperature, the oxygen‐active ultrathin overlayers of base metals such as Ti and Al significantly derive oxygen from the underlying La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 film, inducing a perovskite to brownmillerite phase transition in the underlying functional oxide film. Conversely, no structural transitions are observed for La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 film when it is capped by noble metals (Au, Ag), which possess relative high oxidation formation energy. These observations are crucial for the development of novel crystalline and electronic architectures in metal/oxide heterostructures, offering a refined approach to modulate interfacial reactivity without compromising the functionality of oxide‐based heterojunction devices.
Lithium Phosphorous Oxynitride as an Advanced Solid‐State Electrolyte to Boost High‐Energy Lithium Metal Battery
Authors: Zou Zewei , Xiao Zhexi , Lin Zhenkang , Zhang Bingchen , Zhang Chenxi , Wei Fei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLithium phosphorous oxynitride (LiPON) as one of the most successful solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs), has attracted great interest both in academia and technology due to its exceptional interfacial compatibility, broad electrochemical stability window, and excellent thermal stability, which enables the realization of extremely stable electrolyte/electrode interphase toward high‐energy density solid‐state lithium‐metal batteries (SSLMBs). However, insufficiency in ionic diffusion, mechanical robustness, and interfacial stability hinder its commercialization process. Herein, the characteristics of amorphous structure LiPON, fundamental understanding on the bulk ionic diffusion and electrode/electrolyte interface are systematically discussed, and the improvement strategies to boost the electrochemical performance are highlighted. Then, innovative characterization and computational methods help to unravel the design principle of LiPON are summarized. Furthermore, the approaches to realize high‐efficient preparation of LiPON are analyzed, followed by the investigation of present application of LiPON in current batteries. Finally, remaining challenges associated with the fundamental understanding and rational prediction of structure and interface design, high efficient preparation, and potential opportunities for future application of LiPON are properly prospected.
Superhydrophobic and Highly Flexible Artificial Solid Electrolyte Interphase Inspired by Lotus Effect Toward Highly Stable Zn Anode
Authors: Zhou Wanting , Chen Zetao , Zhao Shunshun , Chen Shimou 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDue to their cost‐effectiveness, high safety, and environmental friendliness, aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) are among the most promising technologies for next‐generation energy storage systems. Nonetheless, dendrite growth, hydrogen evolution, and corrosion at zinc (Zn) anode severely hinder their practical application. In this study, a combination of molecular self‐assembly engineering, squeegee coating, and air spraying process is employed to create a superhydrophobic and highly flexible artificial solid‐electrolyte‐interface layer on Zn anode (denoted as SFM/Zn). Self‐assembled monolayer of triethoxy‐3‐aminopropylsilane optimizes Zn2+ migration kinetics. The superhydrophobic interface, formed by polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and trimethoxy(octadecyl)silane (OTS)‐modified nanosilicon dioxide particles, inhibits water‐related side reactions. Furthermore, the highly flexible PDMS serves as a dynamic adaptive interface for Zn anode, effectively alleviating the “tip effect”. Consequently, the SFM/Zn||SFM/Zn symmetrical cells enable reversible and stable Zn plating/stripping at both ultralow current density (0.2 mA cm−2) and ultrahigh current density (45 mA cm−2). The assembled Zn‐vanadium (SFM/Zn||NH4V4O10) cell deliver stable average Coulombic efficiency (nearly 100%) and ultralong cycling stability (135.5 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles at 5 A g−1 and 173.2 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles at 2 A g−1). This innovative superhydrophobic three‐layered strategy sheds new light on designing highly durable Zn anode for high‐performance AZIBs.
Bi1‐CuCo2O4 Hollow Carbon Nanofibers Boosts NH3 Production from Electrocatalytic Nitrate Reduction
Authors: Lin Hexing , Wei Jinshan , Guo Ying , Li Yi , Lu Xihui , Zhou Chucheng , Liu Shaoqing , Li Ya‐yun 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAmmonia, as a high‐energy‐density carrier for hydrogen storage, is in great demand worldwide. Electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction (NO3RR) provides a green NH3 production process. However, the complex reaction pathways for NO3RR to NH3 and the difficulty in controlling intermediate products limit the reduction process. Herein, by incorporating atomic‐level bismuth (Bi) into CuCo2O4 hollow carbon nanofibers, the catalytic activity of the electrocatalyst for NO3RR is enhanced. The maximum Faradaic efficiency of Bi1‐CuCo2O4 is 95.53%, with an NH3 yield of 448.74 µmol h−1 cm−2 at −0.8 V versus RHE. Density Functional Theory calculations show that the presence of Bi lowers the reaction barrier for the hydrogenation step from *NO2 to *NO2H, while promoting mass transfer on the release of *NH3 and the reactivation of surface‐active sites. Differential charge density calculations also show that after Bi doping, the charge supplied by the catalyst to NO3− increases from 0.62 to 0.72 e‐, thus reasoned for enhanced NO3RR activity. The established nitrate‐Zn battery shows an energy density of 2.81 mW cm−2, thus implying the potential application.
Direct Visualization of Defect‐Controlled Diffusion in van der Waals Gaps
Authors: Thomsen Joachim Dahl , Wang Yaxian , Flyvbjerg Henrik , Park Eugene , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Narang Prineha , Ross Frances M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDiffusion processes govern fundamental phenomena such as phase transformations, doping, and intercalation in van der Waals (vdW) bonded materials. Here, the diffusion dynamics of W atoms by visualizing the motion of individual atoms at three different vdW interfaces: hexagonal boron nitride (BN)/vacuum, BN/BN, and BN/WSe2, by recording scanning transmission electron microscopy movies is quantified. Supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, it is inferred that in all cases diffusion is governed by intermittent trapping at electron beam‐generated defect sites. This leads to diffusion properties that depend strongly on the number of defects. These results suggest that diffusion and intercalation processes in vdW materials are highly tunable and sensitive to crystal quality. The demonstration of imaging, with high spatial and temporal resolution, of layers and individual atoms inside vdW heterostructures offers possibilities for direct visualization of diffusion and atomic interactions, as well as for experiments exploring atomic structures, their in situ modification, and electrical property measurements of active devices combined with atomic resolution imaging.
Enhancing the Electrical Conductivity and Long‐Term Stability of PEDOT:PSS Electrodes through Sequential Treatment with Nitric Acid and Cesium Chloride
Authors: Adilbekova Begimai , Scaccabarozzi Alberto D. , Faber Hendrik , Nugraha Mohamad Insan , Bruevich Vladimir , Kaltsas Dimitris , Naphade Dipti R. , Wehbe Nimer , Emwas Abdul‐Hamid , Alshareef Husam N. , Podzorov Vitaly , Martín Jaime , Tsetseris Leonidas , Anthopoulos Thomas D. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSolution‐processable poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is an important polymeric conductor used extensively in organic flexible, wearable, and stretchable optoelectronics. However, further enhancing its conductivity and long‐term stability while maintaining its superb mechanical properties remains challenging. Here, a novel post‐treatment approach to enhance the electrical properties and stability of sub‐20‐nm‐thin PEDOT:PSS films processed from solution is introduced. The approach involves a sequential post‐treatment with HNO3 and CsCl, resulting in a remarkable enhancement of the electrical conductivity of PEDOT:PSS films to over 5500 S cm−1, along with improved carrier mobility. The post‐treated films exhibit remarkable air stability, retaining over 85% of their initial conductivity even after 270 days of storage. Various characterization techniques, including X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Hall effect measurements, and grazing incidence wide angle X‐ray scattering, coupled with density functional theory calculations, provide insights into the structural changes and interactions responsible for these improvements. To demonstrate the potential for practical applications, the ultrathin PEDOT:PSS films are connected to an inorganic light‐emitting diode with a battery, showcasing their suitability as transparent electrodes. This work presents a promising approach for enhancing the electrical conductivity of PEDOT:PSS while offering a comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms that can guide further advances.
Intrinsic Out‐Of‐Plane and In‐Plane Ferroelectricity in 2D AgCrS2 with High Curie Temperature
Authors: Xing Jiabao , Tang Yue , Li Jiaxin , Wu Changwei , Gu Yiru , Li Xiaobo , Zhang Hu , Zhang Mingwen , Wang Xiao , Zhou Xing , Gan Xuetao , Wu Di , Zeng Jinghui , Zhai Tianyou , Xu Hua 
Published: August 2024

Abstract2D ferroelectric materials have attracted extensive research interest due to potential applications in nonvolatile memory, nanoelectronics and optoelectronics. However, the available 2D ferroelectric materials are scarce and most of them are limited by the uncontrollable preparation. Herein, a novel 2D ferroelectric material AgCrS2 is reported that are controllably synthesized in large‐scale via salt‐assist chemical vapor deposition growth. By tuning the growth temperature from 800 to 900 °C, the thickness of AgCrS2 nanosheets can be precisely modulated from 2.1 to 40 nm. Structural and nonlinear optical characterizations demonstrate that AgCrS2 nanosheet crystallizes in a non‐centrosymmetric structure with high crystallinity and remarkable air stability. As a result, AgCrS2 of various thicknesses display robust ferroelectric polarization in both in‐plane (IP) and out‐of‐plane (OOP) directions with strong intercorrelation and high ferroelectric phase transition temperature (682 K). Theoretical calculations suggest that the ferroelectricity in AgCrS2 originates from the displacement of Ag atoms in AgS4 tetrahedrons, which changes the dipole moment alignment. Moreover, ferroelectric switching is demonstrated in both lateral and vertical AgCrS2 devices, which exhibit exotic nonvolatile memory behavior with distinct high and low resistance states. This study expands the scope of 2D ferroelectric materials and facilitates the ferroelectric‐based nonvolatile memory applications.