bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Twenty-Year Trends in Long-Term Mortality Risk in 17 149 Survivors of Ischemic Stroke Less Than 55 Years of Age
Authors: Giang Kok Wai , Björck Lena , Nielsen Susanne , Novak Masuma , Sandström Tatiana Zverkova , Jern Christina , Torén Kjell , Rosengren Annika 
Published: October 2013

Background and Purpose—
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the 4-year mortality risk among patients <55 years with a first ischemic stroke during 1987–2006.

Methods—
A total of 17 149 cases (37.4% women) aged 18 to 54 years who survived ≥28 days after a first ischemic stroke were identified in the Swedish Inpatient Register from 1987 to 2006. All patients were followed for 4 years or until death. The standardized mortality ratio was calculated by comparing the mortality rates with those of the general population of equivalent age, sex, and calendar year.

Results—
During the period, there were 1265 deaths. Long-term survival improved over time in both men and women. Among men, the mortality risk decreased by 32% (hazard ratio=0.68 [95% confidence interval, 0.56–0.82]) from the first 5-year period to the last 5-year period (1987–1991 versus 2002–2006), and among women, the mortality risk decreased by 45% (0.55 [0.41–0.75]). Despite an overall decrease in mortality, the standardized mortality ratios for the last 5-year period remained high: 5.88 (95% confidence interval, 5.10–6.71) for men and 5.91 (4.68–7.29) for women with an absolute excess risk of 1.60 and 0.97 per 100 person-years, respectively, with nearly half of all deaths related to cardiovascular disease.

Conclusions—
During the 20-year period, 4-year mortality decreased by one third but was still 6-fold higher than that of the general population in the most recent period, emphasizing the importance of secondary prevention in young persons who have had a stroke.
The Devil is Red: Socialist Satanism in the Nineteenth Century
Authors: Faxneld Per 
Published: October 2013

AbstractDuring the nineteenth century, socialists all over the Western world employed Satan as a symbol of the workers’ emancipation from capitalist tyranny and the toppling of the Christian Church, which they perceived as a protector of this oppressive system. Starting with the English Romantics at the end of the eighteenth century, European radicals developed a discourse of symbolic Satanism, which was put to use by major names in socialism like Godwin, Proudhon, and Bakunin. This shock tactic became especially widespread in turn-of-the-century Sweden, and accordingly the article focuses on the many examples of explicit socialist Satanism in that country. They are contextualized by showing the parallels to, among other things, use of Lucifer as a positive symbol in the realm of alternative spirituality, specifically the Theosophical Society. A number of reasons for why Satan gained such popularity among socialists are suggested, and the sometimes blurry line separating the rhetoric of symbolic Satanism from actual religious writing is scrutinized.
Microscopic and cytochemical characterisation of haemocytes of the mud crab Scylla serrata (Forskål, 1775) (Decapoda, Portunidae)
Authors: Kumar Brajendu , Deepika A. , Arumugam M. , Mullainadhan P. , Makesh M. , Tripathi Gayatri , Purushothaman C. S. , Rajendran K. V. 
Published: October 2013

Haemocytes of the mud crab Scylla serrata (Forskål, 1775) were characterised based on morphological features using light and electron microscopy, and cytochemistry. The cells were identified as hyaline, semigranular and granular haemocytes. Hyaline cells were the smallest haemocytes among the three types identified, having the highest nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio. The cells showed a number of cytoplasmic organelles and also contained a few small as well as large-sized granules. Semigranular haemocytes possessed moderate numbers of large-sized granules or numerous small-sized granules and comparatively less numbers of organelles. Granular haemocytes were the largest haemocytes with the lowest nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio and contained many large-sized granules. Cytoplasmic organelles were least observed in the granular haemocytes. These three haemocyte morphotypes constituted 60, 21 and 19%, respectively, of the total haemocyte population, while the total haemocyte count was 7.31 × 106 to 7.18 × 107 with a mean of 2.86 × 107 cells ml−1. In cytochemical studies performed to localize carbohydrates, lipids and prophenol oxidase, all the haemocyte types were positive for PAS and toluidine blue, indicating the presence of mucopolysaccharides, whereas semigranular and granular haemocytes were rich in carbohydrates and lipid moieties. Besides, prophenol oxidase was localised within the granules of semigranular and granular haemocytes. Hyaline haemocytes showed an abundance of well differentiated cytoplasmic organelles and granules, and there was a distinct differentiation between semigranular and granular haemocytes in terms of granules and organelles. This is the first report of the characterisation of haemocytes of the mud crab.
Impact of lobster size on catches and prediction of commercial spiny lobster landings in Brazil
Authors: Cruz Raúl , Silva Katia C. A. , Neves Soraya D. S. , Cintra Israel H. A. 
Published: October 2013

On the Brazilian continental shelf, red spiny lobsters, Panulirus argus (Latreille, 1804) constitute a separate population with two distinct stocks, one in shallow waters (<50 m) and one in deeper waters (50-100 m). Stocks are highly exploited, especially undersized animals (≤75 mm CL) and older individuals. The observed decline in spiny lobster landings over the past two decades is believed to be due to overfishing in shallow waters, since over half the harvested lobsters are below the minimum legal size (75 mm CL), with a length at first capture of 61 mm CL. Spawning lobsters in deeper waters measure 96 mm CL at first capture; this coincides with the size class (90-99 mm CL) with the greatest reproductive potential. Furthermore, the capture of berried females and older lobsters (>135 mm CL) from deeper waters increases the risk of low recruitment and fishing collapse. The observed change in fishing patterns appears to be the consequence of increased fishing mortality (F) among pre-recruits. This is possibly the main cause of the large fluctuations observed in landings, although other factors, such as the interplay between environmental conditions and recruitment abundance, may have to be considered. Our results show that increasing the minimum legal size of red lobsters is likely to improve total landings in the long term, provided appropriate and tightly enforced control measures are designed and implemented.
Antisense-based RNA therapy of factor V deficiency: in vitro and ex vivo rescue of a F5 deep-intronic splicing mutation
Authors: Nuzzo Francesca , Radu Claudia , Baralle Marco , Spiezia Luca , Hackeng Tilman M. , Simioni Paolo , Castoldi Elisabetta 
Published: October 2013

Key PointsHomozygosity for the F5 c.1296+268A>G splicing mutation causes life-threatening factor V deficiency. Mutation-specific antisense molecules can correct this splicing defect and restore factor V synthesis in the patient’s megakaryocytes.
Persistence of minimal residual disease in bone marrow predicts outcome in follicular lymphomas treated with a rituximab-intensive program
Authors: Ladetto Marco , Lobetti-Bodoni Chiara , Mantoan Barbara , Ceccarelli Manuela , Boccomini Carola , Genuardi Elisa , Chiappella Annalisa , Baldini Luca , Rossi Giuseppe , Pulsoni Alessandro , Di Raimondo Francesco , Rigacci Luigi , Pinto Antonello , Galimberti Sara , Bari Alessia , Rota-Scalabrini Delia , Ferrari Angela , Zaja Francesco , Gallamini Andrea , Specchia Giorgina , Musto Pellegrino , Rossi Francesca Gaia , Gamba Enrica , Evangelista Andrea , Vitolo Umberto 
Published: October 2013

Key Points
PCR negativity is a strong outcome predictor after rituximab-intensive immunochemotherapy at multiple posttreatment times. PCR is predictive even when maintenance is delivered, and accumulation of PCR-negative results further reduces the likelihood of relapse.
Development of SNP markers for genes of the phenylpropanoid pathway and their association to kernel and malting traits in barley
Authors: Peukert Manuela , Weise Stephan , Röder Marion S , Matthies Inge E 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
Flavonoids are an important class of secondary compounds in angiosperms. Next to certain biological functions in plants, they play a role in the brewing process and have an effect on taste, color and aroma of beer. The aim of this study was to reveal the haplotype diversity of candidate genes involved in the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway in cultivated barley varieties (Hordeum vulgare L.) and to determine associations to kernel and malting quality parameters.

Results
Five genes encoding phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H), chalcone synthase (CHS), flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H) and dihydroflavonol reductase (DFR) of the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway were partially resequenced in 16 diverse barley reference genotypes. Their localization in the barley genome, their genetic structure, and their genetic variation e.g. single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and Insertion/Deletion (InDel) patterns were revealed. In total, 130 SNPs and seven InDels were detected. Of these, 21 polymorphisms were converted into high-throughput pyrosequencing markers. The resulting SNP and haplotype patterns were used to calculate associations with kernel and malting quality parameters.

Conclusions
SNP patterns were found to be highly variable for the investigated genes. The developed high-throughput markers are applicable for assessing the genetic variability and for the determination of haplotype patterns in a set of barley accessions. The candidate genes PAL, C4H and F3H were shown to be associated to several malting properties like glassiness (PAL), viscosity (C4H) or to final attenuation (F3H).
Bolbase: a comprehensive genomics database for Brassica oleracea
Authors: Yu Jingyin , Zhao Meixia , Wang Xiaowu , Tong Chaobo , Huang Shunmou , Tehrim Sadia , Liu Yumei , Hua Wei , Liu Shengyi 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background

Brassica oleracea is a morphologically diverse species in the family Brassicaceae and contains a group of nutrition-rich vegetable crops, including common heading cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli, kohlrabi, kale, Brussels sprouts. This diversity along with its phylogenetic membership in a group of three diploid and three tetraploid species, and the recent availability of genome sequences within Brassica provide an unprecedented opportunity to study intra- and inter-species divergence and evolution in this species and its close relatives.

Description
We have developed a comprehensive database, Bolbase, which provides access to the B. oleracea genome data and comparative genomics information. The whole genome of B. oleracea is available, including nine fully assembled chromosomes and 1,848 scaffolds, with 45,758 predicted genes, 13,382 transposable elements, and 3,581 non-coding RNAs. Comparative genomics information is available, including syntenic regions among B. oleracea, Brassica rapa and Arabidopsis thaliana, synonymous (Ks) and non-synonymous (Ka) substitution rates between orthologous gene pairs, gene families or clusters, and differences in quantity, category, and distribution of transposable elements on chromosomes. Bolbase provides useful search and data mining tools, including a keyword search, a local BLAST server, and a customized GBrowse tool, which can be used to extract annotations of genome components, identify similar sequences and visualize syntenic regions among species. Users can download all genomic data and explore comparative genomics in a highly visual setting.

Conclusions
Bolbase is the first resource platform for the B. oleracea genome and for genomic comparisons with its relatives, and thus it will help the research community to better study the function and evolution of Brassica genomes as well as enhance molecular breeding research. This database will be updated regularly with new features, improvements to genome annotation, and new genomic sequences as they become available. Bolbase is freely available at http://ocri-genomics.org/bolbase.
The shaping and functional consequences of the dosage effect landscape in multiple myeloma
Authors: Samur Mehmet K , Shah Parantu K , Wang Xujun , Minvielle Stéphane , Magrangeas Florence , Avet-Loiseau Hervé , Munshi Nikhil C , Li Cheng 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundMultiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant proliferation of plasma B cells. Based on recurrent aneuploidy such as copy number alterations (CNAs), myeloma is divided into two subtypes with different CNA patterns and patient survival outcomes. How aneuploidy events arise, and whether they contribute to cancer cell evolution are actively studied. The large amount of transcriptomic changes resultant of CNAs (dosage effect) pose big challenges for identifying functional consequences of CNAs in myeloma in terms of specific driver genes and pathways. In this study, we hypothesize that gene-wise dosage effect varies as a result from complex regulatory networks that translate the impact of CNAs to gene expression, and studying this variation can provide insights into functional effects of CNAs.ResultsWe proposegene-wise dosage effect scoreandgenome-wide karyotype plotas tools to measure and visualize concordant copy number and expression changes across cancer samples. We find that dosage effect in myeloma is widespread yet variable, and it is correlated with gene expression level and CNA frequencies in different chromosomes. Our analysis suggests that despite the enrichment of differentially expressed genes between hyperdiploid MM and non-hyperdiploid MM in the trisomy chromosomes, the chromosomal proportion of dosage sensitive genes is higher in the non-trisomy chromosomes. Dosage-sensitive genes are enriched by genes with protein translation and localization functions, and dosage resistant genes are enriched by apoptosis genes. These results point to future studies on differential dosage sensitivity and resistance of pro- and anti-proliferation pathways and their variation across patients as therapeutic targets and prognosis markers.ConclusionsOur findings support the hypothesis that recurrent CNAs in myeloma are selected by their functional consequences. The novel dosage effect score defined in this work will facilitate integration of copy number and expression data for identifying driver genes in cancer genomics studies. The accompanying R code is available athttp://www.canevolve.org/dosageEffect/.
Retrospective analysis of antimicrobial resistance and bacterial spectrum of infection in Gabon, Central Africa
Authors: Alabi Abraham S , Frielinghaus Lisa , Kaba Harry , Kösters Katrin , Huson Michaëla A M , Kahl Barbara C , Peters Georg , Grobusch Martin P , Issifou Saadou , Kremsner Peter G , Schaumburg Frieder 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
Physicians depend on reliable information on the local epidemiology of infection and antibiotic resistance rates to guide empiric treatment in critically ill patients. As these data are scarce for Central Africa, we performed a retrospective analysis of microbiological findings from a secondary care hospital in Gabon.

Methods
Microbiological reports from 2009 to 2012 were used to assess the non-susceptibility rates of the three most common isolates from six major types of infections (bloodstream, ear-eye-nose-throat, surgical site, skin and soft tissue, urinary tract and wound infection).

Results
A high diversity of pathogens was found, but Staphylococcus aureus was predominant in the majority of infections. Overall, the three most prevalent pathogens in children were S. aureus (33.7%), Streptococcus pyogenes (8.1%) and Escherichia coli (4.5%) and in adults S. aureus (23.5%), E. coli (15.1%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (7.4%). In total, 5.8% (n = 19) of all S. aureus isolates were methicillin resistant. The proportion of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacteriaceae was 15.4% (n = 78), 49.4% of all K. pneumoniae were ESBL-producer (n = 42).

Conclusion
The high diversity of potential pathogens and high resistance rates in Gram-negative bacteria challenge a rational empiric use of antibiotics. Countrywide continuous sentinel surveillance is therefore urgently needed.
Effect of an educational intervention on HPV knowledge and vaccine attitudes among urban employed women and female undergraduate students in China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Chang Irene J , Huang Rong , He Wei , Zhang Shao-Kai , Wang Shao-Ming , Zhao Fang-Hui , Smith Jennifer S , Qiao You-Lin 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
Due to the potential of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination for decreasing cervical cancer rates in Mainland China, where some of the highest incidences in the world have been reported, our study aimed to assess HPV and HPV vaccine knowledge, and to evaluate the effect of a brief educational intervention on HPV knowledge and vaccine acceptability in Chinese undergraduate students and employed women.

Methods
This multi-center, cross-sectional study was conducted across five representative cities of the five main geographical regions of Mainland China. Participants were selected from one comprehensive university and three to four companies in each city for a total of six comprehensive universities and 16 companies. A 62-item questionnaire on HPV knowledge and HPV vaccine acceptability was administered to participants before and after an educational intervention. The intervention consisted of an informative group lecture.

Results
A total of 1146 employed women and 557 female undergraduate students were surveyed between August and November 2011. Baseline HPV knowledge was low among both groups— 320/1146 (28%) of employed women and 66/557 (12%) of students had heard of HPV, while only 237/1146 (21%) of employed women and 40/557 (7.2%) of students knew that HPV is related to cervical cancer. After educational instruction, 947/1061 (89%) of employed women and 193/325 (59%) of students knew the relationship between HPV and cervical cancer (χ2 = 1041.8, p < 0.001 and χ2 = 278.5, p < 0.001, respectively). Post-intervention, vaccine acceptability increased from 881/1146 (77%) to 953/1061 (90%), (p = <0.001) in employed women and 405/557 (73%) in students to 266/325 (82%), (p < 0.001). Women in both groups cited concerns about the HPV vaccine’s safety, efficacy, and limited use to date as reasons for being unwilling to receive vaccination. 502/1146 (44%) of women were willing to vaccinate their children at baseline, which increased to 857/1061 (81%) post-intervention, p < 0.001.

Conclusions
Incorporation of our lecture-based education initiative into a government-sponsored or school-based program may improve HPV-related knowledge and HPV vaccine acceptability. Further studies are needed to evaluate and standardize HPV education programs in China.
Moxibustion in the management of irritable bowel syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Park Jae-Woo , Lee Byung-Hee , Lee Hyangsook 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder. Many patients suffer from IBS that can be difficult to treat, thus complementary therapies which may be effective and have a lower likelihood of adverse effects are being sought.
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed at critically evaluating the current evidence on moxibustion for improving global symptoms of IBS.

Methods
We searched Medline, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, AMED, CINAHL, and CNKI databases for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of moxibustion comparing with sham moxibustion, pharmacological medications, and other active treatments in patients with IBS. Trials should report global symptom improvement as an outcome measure. Risk of bias for each RCT was assessed according to criteria by the Cochrane Collaboration, and the dichotomous data were pooled according to the control intervention to obtain a risk ratio (RR) of global symptom improvement after moxibustion, with 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results
A total of 20 RCTs were eligible for inclusion (n = 1625). The risk of bias was generally high. Compared with pharmacological medications, moxibustion significantly alleviated overall IBS symptoms but there was a moderate inconsistency among studies (7 RCTs, RR 1.33, 95% CI [1.15, 1.55], I2 = 46%). Moxibustion combined with acupuncture was more effective than pharmacological therapy but a moderate inconsistency among studies was found (4 RCTs, RR 1.24, 95% CI [1.09, 1.41], I2 = 36%). When moxibustion was added to pharmacological medications or herbal medicine, no additive benefit of moxibustion was shown compared with pharmacological medications or herbal medicine alone. One small sham-controlled trial found no difference between moxibustion and sham control in symptom severity (mean difference 0.35, 95% CI [−0.77, 1.47]). Moxibustion appears to be associated with few adverse events but the evidence is limited due to poor reporting.

Conclusions
This systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that moxibustion may provide benefit to IBS patients although the risk of bias in the included studies is relatively high. Future studies are necessary to confirm whether this finding is reproducible in carefully-designed and conducted trials and to firmly establish the place of moxibustion in current practice.
Cytotoxicity of Elaoephorbia drupifera and other Cameroonian medicinal plants against drug sensitive and multidrug resistant cancer cells
Authors: Kuete Victor , Voukeng Igor K , Tsobou Roger , Mbaveng Armelle T , Wiench Benjamin , Beng Veronique P , Efferth Thomas 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major hurdle for cancer treatment worldwide and accounts for chemotherapy failure in over 90% of patients with metastatic cancer. Evidence of the cytotoxicity of Cameroonian plants against cancer cell lines including MDR phenotypes is been intensively and progressively provided. The present work was therefore designed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the methanol extracts of twenty-two Cameroonian medicinal plants against sensitive and MDR cancer cell lines.

Methods
The methanol maceration was used to obtain the crude plant extracts whilst the cytotoxicity of the studied extracts was determined using a resazurin reduction assay.

Results
A preliminary assay on leukemia CCRF-CEM cells at 40 μg/mL shows that six of the twenty plant extract were able to enhance less than 50% of the growth proliferation of CCRF-CEM cells. These include Crinum zeylanicum (32.22%), Entada abyssinica (34.67%), Elaoephorbia drupifera (35.05%), Dioscorea bulbifera (45.88%), Eremomastax speciosa (46.07%) and Polistigma thonningii (45.11%). Among these six plants, E. drupifera showed the best activity with IC50 values below or around 30 μg/mL against the nine tested cancer cell lines. The lowest IC50 value of 8.40 μg/mL was recorded with the extract of E. drupifera against MDA-MB231 breast cancer cell line. The IC50 values below 10 μg/mL were recorded with the extracts of E. drupifera against MDA-MB231 breast cancer cells, C. zeylanicum against HCT116 p53+/+ and HCT116p53-/- colon cancer cells and E. abyssinica against HCT116 p53+/+ cells.

Conclusion
The results of the present study provide evidence of the cytotoxic potential of some Cameroonian medicinal plants and a baseline information for the potential use of Elaoephorbia drupifera in the treatment of sensitive and drug-resistant cancer cell lines.