bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age is not a contraindication to home‐based dialysis – Quality‐of‐Life outcomes favour older patients on peritoneal dialysis regimes relative to younger patients
Authors: Griva Konstadina , Yu Zhenli , Chan Sally , Krisnasamy Thanaletchumi , Yamin Ruyani Bte Abu , Zakaria Faezah Bte , Wu Sin Yan , Oei Elizabeth , Foo Marjorie 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAimTo compare Quality of Life, anxiety and depression between older (≥65 years) and younger (<65 years) patients across automated peritoneal dialysis and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.BackgroundThere is a lack of studies as to whether the different peritoneal dialysis modalities confer similar outcomes in older and younger patients.DesignCross‐sectional.MethodsA total of 201 patients completed the Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short‐Form, World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument, Short Form and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Comorbidity and biochemical values were abstracted from medical records.ResultsOlder patients reported significantly better quality of life than younger patients in the Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short‐Form effects of kidney disease and patient satisfaction and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument overall Quality‐of‐Life/health despite worse clinical profile. Quality of life outcomes were comparable between automated peritoneal dialysis and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis with the exception of the Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short‐Form symptoms in favour of automated peritoneal dialysis. Levels of anxiety and depression were equivalent for older and younger patients across peritoneal dialysis modalities. The observed quality‐of‐life advantages for older patients persisted after case‐mix adjustments and extended to more quality‐of‐life domains and depression and anxiety.ConclusionOur findings of superior quality of life in patients aged ≥ 65 support the expansion of peritoneal dialysis use in older patients. Patients across different age groups should be given non‐biased information about both peritoneal dialysis modalities and individual preferences should be elicited and carefully considered by healthcare providers.
Caring nurse practice in the intrapartum setting: nurses' perspectives on complexity, relationships and safety
Authors: Glenn Lori A. , Stocker‐Schnieder Julia , McCune Renee , McClelland Molly , King Debbie 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAimThis article reports on a qualitative study of nurse perceptions of caring nurse practice in the complex adaptive system of health care.BackgroundCaring nurse practice encompasses technical skills and caring behaviours. Maternity care in the USA has seen worsening maternal and neonatal outcomes and safety has become a priority. As a result, hospital systems have begun efforts to improve outcomes, initiating safety and quality programmes that standardize care and implementing nursing frameworks that enhance relationships.DesignQualitative hermeneutic phenomenology.MethodsA qualitative design analysed 13 nurses' perspectives on caring practice during the second stage of labour. In June and July of 2012, interviews were conducted with 13 labour and delivery nurses located in a hospital that had adopted a perinatal safety initiative and relationship‐focused nursing model. The nurses described caring nurse practice and the factors that affected its provision. Transcripts of audio recordings and notes taken during interviews were analysed for themes and fundamental meanings.FindingsNurses' perspectives about the provision of caring nurse practice was affected by the complexity of the healthcare system, interactions with team members, challenges related to documentation; and respect for natural birth.ConclusionNurses at all levels of practice can use these perspectives to identify patterns in the complex adaptive healthcare system to improve quality and safety. Best practices include enhancing teamwork, implementing safety initiatives and promoting a Relationship‐Based framework. Continued study of caring nurse practice could lead to establishment of additional safety and quality protocols vital to improving patient outcomes.
Salt tolerance evolves more frequently in C4 grass lineages
Authors: Bromham L. , Bennett T. H. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractSalt tolerance has evolved many times in the grass family, and yet few cereal crops are salt tolerant. Why has it been so difficult to develop crops tolerant of saline soils when salt tolerance has evolved so frequently in nature? One possible explanation is that some grass lineages have traits that predispose them to developing salt tolerance and that without these background traits, salt tolerance is harder to achieve. One candidate background trait is photosynthetic pathway, which has also been remarkably labile in grasses. At least 22 independent origins of the C4 photosynthetic pathway have been suggested to occur within the grass family. It is possible that the evolution of C4 photosynthesis aids exploitation of saline environments, because it reduces transpiration, increases water‐use efficiency and limits the uptake of toxic ions. But the observed link between the evolution of C4 photosynthesis and salt tolerance could simply be due to biases in phylogenetic distribution of halophytes or C4 species. Here, we use a phylogenetic analysis to investigate the association between photosynthetic pathway and salt tolerance in the grass family Poaceae. We find that salt tolerance is significantly more likely to occur in lineages with C4 photosynthesis than in C3 lineages. We discuss the possible links between C4 photosynthesis and salt tolerance and consider the limitations of inferring the direction of causality of this relationship.
Incipient habitat race formation in an amphibian
Authors: Van Buskirk J. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractTheory defines conditions under which sympatric speciation may occur, and several possible examples of the process in action have been identified. In most cases, organisms specialize onto habitats that fall into discrete categories, such as host species used by herbivores and parasites. Ecological specialization within a continuous habitat gradient is theoretically possible, but becomes less likely with increasing gene flow among clinal habitat types. Here, I show that habitat race formation is underway in a frog,Rana temporaria, along a continuous and spatially mosaic habitat gradient. Tadpoles from 23 populations raised in an outdoor mesocosm experiment showed adaptive phenotypic variation correlated with the predator density in their pond of origin. A survey of microsatellite markers in 48 populations found that neutral genetic divergence was enhanced between ponds with very different densities of predators. This represents a new example of habitat specialization along a continuous habitat gradient with no spatial autocorrelation in habitat.
Heterospecific female mimicry in Ficedula flycatchers
Authors: Calhim S. , Adamik P. , Järvistö P. , Leskinen P. , Török J. , Wakamatsu K. , Laaksonen T. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractMimicry is a widespread phenomenon. Vertebrate visual mimicry often operates in an intraspecific sexual context, with some males resembling conspecific females. Pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca) dorsal plumage varies from the ancestral black to female‐like brown. Experimental studies have shown that conspecific and heterospecific (collared flycatcher, F. albicollis) individuals of both sexes respond, at least initially, to brown individuals as if they were female. We quantified the perceptual and biochemical differences between brown feathers and found that brown pied flycatcher males are indistinguishable from heterospecific, but not from conspecific, females in both aspects. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence of a visual mimetic signalling system in a sexual context where the model is heterospecific to the mimic. By only mimicking heterospecific females, brown pied flycatcher males can establish territories next to the more dominant collared flycatcher in sympatry, suffer less aggression by darker conspecifics in allopatry and preserve within‐species sexual recognition throughout the breeding range. A closer look at the evolutionary history and ecology of these two species illustrates how such a mimetic system can evolve. Although likely rare, this phenomenon might not be unique to Ficedula flycatchers.
Nanoscale distribution of CD20 on B‐cell lymphoma tumour cells and its potential role in the clinical efficacy of rituximab
Authors: LI M. , XIAO X. , ZHANG W. , LIU L. , XI N. , WANG Y. 
Published: February 2014

SummaryRituximab is an exciting monoclonal antibody drug approved for treating B‐cell lymphomas and its target is the CD20 antigen which is expressed on the surface of B cells. In recent years, the variable efficacies of rituximab among different lymphoma patients have become an important clinical issue and urgently need to be solved for further development of antibodies with enhanced efficacies. In this work, atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to investigate the nanoscale distribution of CD20 on the surface of tumour B cells from lymphoma patients to examine its potential role in the clinical therapeutic effects of rituximab. By performing ROR1 fluorescence labelling (ROR1 is a specific tumour cell surface marker) on the bone marrow cells prepared from B‐cell lymphoma patients, the tumour B cells were recognized, and then AFM tips carrying rituximabs via polyethylene glycol crosslinkers were moved to the tumour cells to probe the specific CD20‐rituximab interactions. By applying AFM single‐molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS) at the local areas (500×500 nm2) on the surface of tumour B cells, the nanoscale distributions of CD20 on the surface of tumour B cells were mapped, visually showing that CD20 distributed heterogeneously on the cell surface. Bone marrow cell samples from three clinical B‐cell lymphoma cases were collected to analyze the binding affinity and nanoscale distribution of CD20 on tumour cells. The experimental results showed that CD20 distribution on tumour cells were to some extent related to the clinical therapeutic outcomes while the CD20‐rituximab binding forces did not have distinct effects to the clinical outcomes. These results can provide novel insights in understanding the rituximab's clinical efficacies from the nanoscale distribution of CD20 on the tumour cells at single‐cell and single‐molecule levels.
Stereophotogrammetric Evaluation of Tooth‐Induced Labial Protrusion
Authors: Rosati Riccardo , De Menezes Marcio , Silva Ana Maria Bettoni Rodrigues da , Rossetti Alberto , Lanza Attisano Giuseppe C. , Sforza Chiarella 
Published: February 2014

AbstractPurposeTo better manage dental treatment outcome, a previsualization of desired appearances can be used to understand patients’ wishes. A deeper comprehension of labial modifications related to hard‐tissue movements is advantageous. The purpose of the study was to evaluate tooth restoration‐induced labial displacements in three dimensions.Materials and MethodsIn a group of 20 healthy Caucasian individuals, simulations of vestibular translations of maxillary anterior crowns were obtained by placing an acrylic resin veneer on the labial surfaces of maxillary incisors and canines. Three‐dimensional stereophotogrammetric acquisitions were made to evaluate soft‐tissue changes induced by the simulations. Linear dislocation of selected landmarks and labial surfaces were quantified using dedicated software.ResultsAll paired and two midline labial landmarks had significant displacements, ranging from 13% (Subnasale landmark) to 103% (left Cheilion landmark) of veneer thickness (2 mm thick). A significant positive correlation was obtained between the lower lip displacement and overjet values.ConclusionsThe vestibular shift of maxillary incisors and canines affect both upper and lower vermilion areas, without involving cutaneous perilabial landmarks.
Temperature response of photosynthetic light‐ and carbon‐use characteristics in the red seaweed Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta)
Authors: Zou Dinghui , Gao Kunshan 
Published: February 2014

The red seaweed Gracilariopsis is an important crop extensively cultivated in China for high‐quality raw agar. In the cultivation site at Nanao Island, Shantou, China, G. lemaneiformis experiences high variability in environmental conditions like seawater temperature. In this study, G. lemaneiformis was cultured at 12, 19, or 26°C for 3 weeks, to examine its photosynthetic acclimation to changing temperature. Growth rates were highest in G. lemaneiformis thalli grown at 19°C, and were reduced with either decreased or increased temperature. The irradiance‐saturated rate of photosynthesis (Pmax) decreased with decreasing temperature, but increased significantly with prolonged cultivation at lower temperatures, indicating the potential for photosynthesis acclimation to lower temperature. Moreover, Pmax increased with increasing temperature (~30 μmol O2 · g−1FW · h−1 at 12°C to 70 μmol O2 · g−1FW · h−1 at 26°C). The irradiance compensation point for photosynthesis (Ic) decreased significantly with increasing temperature (28 μmol photons · m−2 · s−1 at high temperature vs. 38 μmol photons · m−2 · s−1 at low temperature). Both the photosynthetic light‐ and carbon‐use efficiencies increased with increasing growth or temperatures (from 12°C to 26°C). The results suggested that the thermal acclimation of photosynthetic performance of G. lemaneiformis would have important ecophysiological implications in sea cultivation for improving photosynthesis at low temperature and maintaining high standing biomass during summer. Ongoing climate change (increasing atmospheric CO2 and global warming) may enhance biomass production in G. lemaneiformis mariculture through the improved photosynthetic performances in response to increasing temperature.
Serum and UrineBlastomycesAntigen Concentrations as Markers of Clinical Remission in Dogs Treated for Systemic Blastomycosis
Authors: Foy D.S. , Trepanier L.A. , Kirsch E.J. , Wheat L.J. 
Published: February 2014

BackgroundSerum and urineBlastomycesantigen concentrations can be used to diagnose blastomycosis in dogs.ObjectivesBlastomycesantigen concentrations correlate with clinical remission in dogs during antifungal treatment, and detect disease relapse after treatment discontinuation.Animals21 dogs with newly diagnosed blastomycosis monitored until clinical remission (Treatment Phase), and 27 dogs monitored over 1 year from the time of antifungal discontinuation or until clinical relapse (After Treatment Phase).MethodsProspective study. Dogs were monitored monthly during treatment and every 3 months after treatment discontinuation, with a complete history, physical exam, chest radiographs, and ocular exam. Urine and serumBlastomycesantigen concentrations were measured at each visit using a quantitative enzyme immunoassay.ResultsAt enrollment in the Treatment Phase,Blastomycesantigen was positive in all 21 urine samples (100% sensitivity; 95%CI85–100%), and in 18 of 20 serum samples (90% sensitivity; 95%CI70–97%). At 2–4 months of treatment, urine antigen was more sensitive for clinically detectable disease (82%;CI60–94%) than serum antigen (18%;CI6–41%). The sensitivity of the urine test for clinical relapse was 71% (CI36–92%), with close to 100% specificity (CI84–100%) during after treatment surveillance in this population.ConclusionsUrineBlastomycesantigen testing has high sensitivity for active disease at the time of diagnosis and during treatment, and moderate sensitivity but high specificity for clinical relapse. Urine testing should be useful at the time of diagnosis, when treatment discontinuation is being considered, and anytime there is poor clinical response or suspicion of relapse.
Recurrent Dermatitis and Dermal Hypersensitivity Following a Jellyfish Sting: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Loredana Asztalos Manuela , Rubin Adam I. , Elenitsas Rosalie , Groft MacFarlane Caroline , Castelo‐Soccio Leslie 
Published: February 2014

AbstractJellyfish envenomation often causes an immediate painful vesiculopapular eruption. Less commonly it can cause a type IV allergic hypersensitivity that manifests with delayed or recurrent cutaneous lesions at the primary site or distant from the primary site. These secondary reactivations may be related to high antijellyfish immunoglobulin levels, intracutaneously sequestered antigen, or cross‐reacting venom. Immunomodulators such as pimecrolimus and tacrolimus and topical and intralesional corticosteroid therapy decrease this recurrent dermatitis. We report a case of a 9‐year‐old girl with a recurrent jellyfish dermatitis lasting more than 1 year after the initial envenomation. The dermatitis finally resolved after treatment with tacrolimus and intralesional triamcinolone acetonide therapy.
Bancroftian filariasis: circulating B‐1 cells decreased in microfilaria carriers and correlate with immunoglobulin M levels
Authors: Mishra R. , Sahoo P. K. , Mishra S. , Achary K. G. , Dwibedi B. , Kar S. K. , Satapathy A. K. 
Published: February 2014

SummaryB‐1 cells play an important role in the outcome of infection in schistosomiasis, pneumonia and experimental filariasis. However, no information exists regarding status of B‐1 cells in clinical manifestations of human filariasis. We investigated the levels of B‐1 cells from the total B cells by flow cytometry. Significantly low levels of B‐1 cells and IgM antibodies were detected against a wide variety of autoantigens in microfilariae carriers as compared to endemic controls and patients with chronic pathology. A positive correlation was found between IgM antibodies to actin and ss‐DNA. Absorption of plasma with soluble actin, myosin and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) resulted in significant removal of antifilarial antibodies. Affinity‐purified anti‐ss‐DNA antibodies were found to be reactive to filarial antigens and various autoantigens. Further, a positive correlation was found between polyreactive antibodies and B‐1 cells in filarial‐infected human subjects. After antifilarial treatment, levels of IgM antibodies to ss‐DNA, actin, LPS and filarial antigen increased significantly indicating a role of polyreactive naturally occurring antibodies in filarial infection. Our findings add to the existing evidence that the B‐cell defect in BALB.Xid mice account for susceptibility to murine filarial infection and indicate an important role for these antibodies in providing host protection against filarial infection.
The Use of Liveweight Change as an Indicator of Oestrus in a Seasonally Calving, Pasture‐Fed Dairy Herd
Authors: Alawneh JI , Stevenson MA , Williamson NB , Lopez‐Villalobos N 
Published: February 2014

ContentsThis was an observational study of 828 lactations in 542 mixed‐age dairy cows that calved seasonally in a single, pasture‐fed herd in New Zealand in 2008 and 2009. The study objectives were to: (i) document daily liveweight change (∆LW) before and after observed oestrus for cows subsequently diagnosed pregnant or non‐pregnant and (ii) quantify the sensitivity and specificity of ∆LWas a test for oestrus. The sensitivity and specificity of ∆LWwhen combined with other commonly used oestrous detection methods was also evaluated. In cows that conceived as a result of service at detected oestrus, liveweight loss began 1 day before the day of detection and was greatest on the day of detection (−9.6 kg, 95%CI−11.3 kg to −7.8 kg; p < 0.01) compared withLWrecorded 2 days before the day of detection. In cows that did not conceive to a service at a detected oestrus, the lowest liveweights were recorded 1 day before the day oestrus was detected (−4.3 kg, 95%CI−7.7 to −0.8 kg; p = 0.02) compared withLWrecorded 4 days before the day of detection. The sensitivity and specificity of ∆LWas a means of oestrous detection were 0.42 (95%CI0.40–0.45) and 0.96 (95%CI0.95–0.97), respectively. When ∆LWwas combined with tail paint and visual observation, the oestrous detection sensitivity and specificity were 0.86 and 0.94, respectively. MonitoringLWchange holds promise to enhance the sensitivity and specificity of oestrous detection in combination with other oestrous detection methods.
Production of Wild Buffalo (Bubalus arnee) Embryos by Interspecies Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer Using Domestic Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Oocytes
Authors: Priya D , Selokar NL , Raja AK , Saini M , Sahare AA , Nala N , Palta P , Chauhan MS , Manik RS , Singla SK 
Published: February 2014

ContentsThe objective of this study was to explore the possibility of producing wild buffalo embryos by interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer (iSCNT) through handmade cloning using wild buffalo somatic cells and domestic buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) oocytes. Somatic cells derived from the ear skin of wild buffalo were found to express vimentin but not keratin and cytokeratin‐18, indicating that they were of fibroblast origin. The population doubling time of skin fibroblasts from wild buffalo was significantly (p < 0.05) higher, and the cell proliferation rate was significantly (p < 0.05) lower compared with that of skin fibroblasts from domestic buffalo. Neither the cleavage (92.6 ± 2.0% vs 92.8 ± 2.0%) nor the blastocyst rate (42.4 ± 2.4% vs 38.7 ± 2.8%) was significantly different between the intraspecies cloned embryos produced using skin fibroblasts from domestic buffalo and interspecies cloned embryos produced using skin fibroblasts from wild buffalo. However, the total cell number (TCN) was significantly (p < 0.05) lower (192.0 ± 25.6 vs 345.7 ± 42.2), and the apoptotic index was significantly (p < 0.05) higher (15.1 ± 3.1 vs 8.0 ± 1.4) for interspecies than that for intraspecies cloned embryos. Following vitrification in open‐pulled straws (OPS) and warming, although the cryosurvival rate of both types of cloned embryos, as indicated by their re‐expansion rate, was not significantly different (34.8 ± 1.5% vs 47.8 ± 7.8), the apoptotic index was significantly (p < 0.05) higher for vitrified–warmed interspecies than that for corresponding intraspecies cloned embryos (48.9 ± 7.2 vs 23.9 ± 2.8). The global level of H3K18ac was significantly (p < 0.05) lower in interspecies cloned embryos than that in intraspecies cloned embryos. The expression level of HDAC1, DNMT3a and CASPASE3 was significantly (p < 0.05) higher, that of P53 was significantly (p < 0.05) lower in interspecies than in intraspecies embryos, whereas that of DNMT1 was similar between the two types of embryos. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that wild buffalo embryos can be produced by iSCNT.
What Factors Determine Disclosure of Suicide Ideation in Adults 60 and Older to a Treatment Provider?
Authors: Cukrowicz Kelly C. , Duberstein Paul R. , Vannoy Steven D. , Lin Elizabeth H. , Unützer Jürgen 
Published: February 2014

Correlates of patient disclosure of suicide ideation to a primary care or mental health provider were identified. Secondary analyses of IMPACT trial data were conducted. Of the 107 patients 60 years of age or older who endorsed thoughts of ending their life at least “a little bit” during the past month, 53 indicated they had disclosed these thoughts to a mental health or primary care provider during this period. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify predictors of disclosure to a provider. Significant predictors included poorer quality of life and prior mental health specialty treatment. Among participants endorsing thoughts of suicide, the likelihood of disclosing these thoughts to a provider was 2.96 times higher if they had a prior history of mental health specialty treatment and 1.56 times higher for every one‐unit decrease in quality of life. Variation in disclosure of thoughts of suicide to a mental health or primary care provider depends, in part, on patient characteristics. Although the provision of evidence‐based suicide risk assessment and guidelines could minimize unwanted variation and enhance disclosure, efforts to routinize the process of suicide risk assessment should also consider effective ways to lessen potential unintended consequences.