bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monitoring On‐Surface Chemical Reactions by Low‐Energy Electron Microscopy: from Conformation Change to Ring Closure in 2D Molecular Gas
Authors: Procházka Pavel , Frezza Federico , Sánchez-Grande Ana , Carrera Manuel , Chen Qifan , Stará Veronika , Kurowská Anna , Curiel David , Jelínek Pavel , Cechal Jan 
Published: February 2025

On‐surface synthesis is a promising strategy for the preparation of molecules that are not achievable otherwise. Understanding the mechanism of on‐surface reactions requires knowledge of the molecular structure and possible organization of reactants into supramolecular assemblies during the reaction. Scanning probe techniques are essential for the unambiguous identification of the products and for determining their electronic and magnetic properties. However, these are generally not capable of imaging the surface at reaction conditions and, therefore, answering some of the key questions about the reaction mechanism. Here, we show that real‐time low‐energy electron microscopy can monitor the surface processes in real time and provide the necessary complementary mechanistic insights into on‐surface reactions. We monitor the intramolecular ring‐closure reaction of 1,3,5‐tris(7‐methyl‐α‐carbolin‐6‐yl)benzene on the Au(111) surface and show that it takes place in the 2D molecular gas phase at elevated temperatures. Products condense into separate islands upon cooling, enabling fast and efficient assessment of product yields. This makes LEEM an efficient tool for studying intramolecular chemical reactions.
Unlocking the Potential of Rare Earth‐Enriched Aluminum Oxo Clusters for Enhanced Dielectric Properties
Authors: Ji Ruiduan , Liu Xiaoyu , Pei Haizhou , Fang Wei‐Hui , Huang Weiguo , Zhang Jian 
Published: February 2025

Comprehensive SummaryThis study highlights the innovative use of increased rare earth elements to enhance the dielectric properties of materials and devices. The AlOC‐129Ln series, features the highest number of rare earth dopants in aluminum oxo clusters to date. The trivalent ions in AlOC‐129Ln impart a high dipole moment, significantly elevating the dielectric constant (k) of the doped polymer films. AlOC‐129Ce, in particular, exhibits the largest molecular size, which enhances interfacial effects and achieves a relative dielectric constant four times greater than that of undoped polymers and 1.5 times higher than those with single rare earth dopants. The substantial molecular size (~2.5 nm) and robust charge scattering and trapping capabilities of AlOC‐129Ln reduce dielectric loss by up to 50% at high frequencies. Additionally, its excellent solution processability enhances breakdown strength by 147%, ensuring superior electrical stability. This research demonstrates the versatility of the cluster doping strategy in effectively balancing dielectric constant and loss, unveiling the promising potential of solution‐processable cluster materials in electronic devices.
The Recruitment and Immune Suppression Mechanisms of Myeloid‐Derived Suppressor Cells and Their Impact on Bone Metastatic Cancer
Authors: Li Chengyuan , Xue Yucheng , Yinwang Eloy , Ye Zhaoming 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundMDSCs are immature neutrophils and monocytes with immunosuppressive potentials, involving mononuclear MDSCs (M‐MDSCs) and polymorphonuclear MDSCs (PMN‐MDSCs).Recent FindingsThey are significant components of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Besides, recent studies also verified that MDSCs also facilitated the progression of bone metastasis by regulating the network of cytokines and the function of immune cells.ConclusionIt is necessary to summarize the mechanisms of MDSC recruitment and immunosuppression, and their impact on bone metastasis.
Nutrition Security During Cancer: A Qualitative Investigation Among Patients With Cancer on Active Treatment From an Area of Persistent Poverty
Authors: Raber Margaret , Love Brad , Vazquez Maria , Ghosh Charulata , Rechis Ruth , Oestman Katherine , Ho‐Pham Thy , LaRue Denise , Walsh Michael T. , Kizub Darya , Ma Hilary , Basen‐Engquist Karen 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe objective of this paper was to qualitatively explore the eating habits and experience of nutrition security during cancer treatment among patients from an area of persistent poverty being treated in a safety net hospital oncology program.MethodsEleven in‐depth interviews were conducted with current individuals with cancer who were (1) undergoing active cancer treatment at LBJ Hospital, (2) over 18 years old, (3) English speaking, and (4) residing in an Acres Homes zip code. Reflexive thematic analysis was undertaken by four members of the study team, which brought together diverse expertise in health disparities, nutrition, food culture, and health communication.ResultsFour main themes emerged from the data, including (1) food beliefs and eating behaviors in the context of cancer, (2) social and economic influences on food selection, procurement, and preparation, (3) lived experience of resiliency and coping with limited resources, and (4) the role of relationships (including social support, family, medical teams) in diet and food choice.ConclusionFindings from this study begin to fill a gap in knowledge regarding the complexities of managing nutritional needs among patients residing in an area of persistent poverty, which can inform the development of future health systems and community‐based resources for those negotiating both cancer and chronically limited resources.
High‐resolution genome‐wide association study reveals two genes influencing dietary fiber content in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)
Authors: Li Guiting , Cao Hengchun , Yang Weifei , Ju Ming , Ma Qin , Wang Cuiying , Zhang Zhanyou , Tian Qiuzhen , Chen Jiayuan , Yuan Qingli , Du Hua , Miao Hongmei , Zhang Haiyang 
Published: February 2025

AbstractDietary fiber is widely recognized for its beneficial effects on human health, and sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) seeds are an important source of dietary fiber. However, efforts to improve sesame for higher fiber have been constrained by limited knowledge of the genetic factors underlying this trait. In this study, we identified a strong correlation between fiber and sugar content, both of which are significantly influenced by genetic factors. A large‐scale analysis of 222 sesame germplasm resources revealed genome‐wide single nucleotide polymorphism (n = 1,535,018), insertions and deletions (InDels; n = 325,371), and structure variations (SVs; n = 29,028). Linkage disequilibrium and genome‐wide association studies identified an InDel quantitative trait locus targeting the SiLAC3 gene, which caused a gene frameshift mutation significantly associated with both sugar and dietary fiber traits. Furthermore, a 1201‐bp deletion SV in the coding and 3′ untranslated regions of the SiXTH30 gene was associated with high fiber content. Notably, two accessions (CX150 and CX546) with pyramiding favorable alleles of these two mutated genes exhibited a significant increase in fiber content compared to accessions with only one favorable allele. We also found two candidate genes highly expressed during the early and middle stages of seed development, both of which have been previously reported to play important roles in cell wall fiber content. In conclusion, our findings highlight two key fiber‐associated candidate genes, which could serve as valuable resources for molecular breeding aimed at increasing fiber content in sesame seeds.
The Impact of Female Board Representation on Corporate Environmental, Social and Governance Performance: A Dual Perspective Based on Institutional Environment and Market Competition
Authors: Wang Bo , Yang Yang 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTEnvironmental, social, and governance (ESG) is attracting increasing attention from governments and various stakeholders. However, since incorporating a large number of environmental and social governance measures into corporate business strategies will affect a company's short‐term financial performance, it is difficult for ESG strategies to gain the decision‐making support of the board of directors. Female board representation, on the other hand, can address the above‐mentioned challenges by virtue of their acumen in environmental subsidies and their pro‐environmental market image. Nevertheless, the existing literature has not recognized the advantages of female board representation in these two aspects. Based on this, drawing on the Upper Echelons Theory and Gender Socialization Theory, this paper takes the listed companies on China's stock markets from 2014 to 2022 as a sample and uses a fixed effects model to analyze the impact of female board representation (FBR) on ESG. The research findings show that when there are two or three female board members, it significantly improves ESG performance. Secondly, from the perspective of the institutional environment, environmental subsidies amplify the positive impact of FBR on ESG. However, market competition has the opposite effect and may even offset the positive impact of environmental subsidies. The heterogeneity analysis further reveals that FBR has a greater positive impact on the ESG performance of companies in non‐critical industries and those that have established environmental committees.
Three‐Phase Line‐Frequency Rectifier With Multiple Input Voltage Levels
Authors: Pratama Hideo , Kuo Hong‐Qi , Hsieh Yao‐Ching 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTA three‐phase line‐frequency rectifier suitable for multiple input‐voltage levels is proposed in this research. The proposed circuit is composed of a three‐phase bridge rectifier and controllable semiconductor switches. The rectifier actually behaves like a voltage doubler due to the conduction scheme of controllable switches under line‐frequency. When the input line voltage is lower, for example, 190 or 110 V, the switch conduction angle is adjusted to double the input line voltage, and therefore, the output DC voltage would align to rectified 220 V line‐in level. That is, for manifold line‐in level, adequate control should be applied to align the DC output to a higher level to reduce the current stress of the following stage. Firstly, this paper analyzes the operation of circuit under three control modes, explains the operation principle of sampling circuit, and clarifies the process of overall control system. Subsequently, feasibility of the control strategy is verified by a prototype circuit. The experimental results show that the output voltage is consistent and kept at the high level by the proposed feedback control at rated 500 W output power.
Inpatient Dietary Behaviour Score (IDBS) Predicts the Risk of Hypoglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) Patients
Authors: Liu Zhiping , Chen Jiangqiong , Liang Qing , Luo Wenjin , Cheng Qingfeng , Li Qifu , Mei Mei , Zan Liping 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAimsThe aim of this study was to develop the inpatient dietary behaviour score (IDBS) and validate its predictive performance in assessing the risk of hypoglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodsThe study included patients with T2DM admitted to the Endocrinology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University between 1 March 2021 and 1 March 2023. Patients were categorised into hypoglycemia and non‐hypoglycemia groups using a paired approach, with hypoglycemia defined as any point‐of‐care glucose test results ≤ 3.9 mmol/L. Clinical data were collected, and the IDBS was calculated using a self‐designed scale with 11 variables. Subsequently, measures for predicting hypoglycemia risk in hospitalised T2DM patients were formulated.ResultsA total of 1478 patients were included in the survey, with 739 patients in each of the hypoglycemic and non‐hypoglycemic groups after pairing. Baseline differences were observed in education, marital status, job status, DM duration, glycosylated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), body mass index (BMI), hypoglycemia history, diabetic peripheral artery disease (DM‐PAD), diabetic foot (DF), diabetic kidney disease (DKD), and diabetic retinopathy (DR) between the hypoglycemic and non‐hypoglycemic groups. Significant correlations were found between the updated and baseline changes in the IDBS. The predictive efficacy was highest in DKD patients (OR = 1.82, 95% CI: 1.69–1.97, P = 6.75E‐53). In multivariate analyses, only BMI, DM duration, diabetic foot and marriage response were included in the regression model. The area under the curve (AUC) and mean squared error (MSE) of the IDBS were 0.77 and 0.00039, respectively. A linear relationship existed between the IDBS and OR values, indicating that the risk of hypoglycemia increased with higher scores.ConclusionsIDBS demonstrated a robust predictive effect on hypoglycemia. The variable data were easily obtainable, and the evaluation and calculation methods were straightforward. This scoring system could serve as a valuable reference for hypoglycemia prevention and screening of hospitalised diabetic patients at high risk of hypoglycemia.
Origins and Diversification of Myiasis Across Blowflies
Authors: Cardoso Gisele Antoniazzi , Cunha Vanessa A. S. , Genevcius Bruno C. , Madeira‐Ott Tais , Costa Bárbara Maria de Andrade , Rossoni Daniela Munhoz , Thyssen Patricia Jacqueline , Torres Tatiana Teixeira 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTParasitism represents a prevalent and successful ecological strategy that has evolved independently numerous times across metazoa. Understanding the origin and diversification of parasitism is a central question in evolutionary biology. This study investigated the evolutionary path leading to a specific form of parasitism in blowflies known as myiasis, where larvae develop on or within a vertebrate. We modeled myiasis‐associated traits, including trophic specialization (obligatory parasitism, facultative parasitism and saprophagy), larval food substrate (necrotic, fresh or both) and developmental temperature (constant, variable or both) across the blowfly phylogeny. Our results suggested that the ancestral state of blowflies likely encompassed saprophagy or facultative parasitism, with larvae developing in corpses or necrotic tissues from wounds in either homeothermic or heterothermic hosts. Furthermore, our analysis highlights the role of facultative parasitism as an intermediate step for obligate parasitism in blowflies, indicating that pre‐adaptations for a facultative parasitic lifestyle may serve as stepping stones for emerging obligate parasitism. These findings shed light on the complex evolutionary history of blowfly vertebrate parasitism, emphasizing the importance of facultative parasitism as a critical transitional stage in this evolutionary process.
Predicting landscape‐scale native bumble bee habitat use over space, time, and forage availability
Authors: Hemberger Jeremy , Williams Neal 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe distribution and abundance of foraging resources are key determinants of animal habitat use and persistence. Decades of agricultural expansion and intensification, along with the introduction of exotic species, have dramatically altered resource distributions in space and time. The nature of contemporary landscapes requires new approaches to understand how mobile organisms utilize the resulting highly fragmented, heterogeneous resources. We used colonies of the native bumble bee (Bombus vosnesenskii) deployed among habitat types and a land use gradient to characterize how resource availability and use change as a function of landscape composition throughout the season in a diverse agricultural region of Northern California. We employ a novel probabilistic framework to identify the spatiotemporal patterns of bumble bee resource use in different habitats. Bumble bee resource preference (i.e., pollen foraging) and availability (i.e., flowering plant abundance) are driven by the composition of the surrounding landscape and the time of year. Bumble bees strongly preferred pollen from native plants, which was overrepresented in samples across the season relative to its estimated availability. Our probabilistic model framework also revealed a strong reliance on seminatural habitat in the landscape (e.g., oak savannahs, chapparal, and riparian corridors)—features that are increasingly rare in anthropogenically dominated landscapes. In fact, pollen resource use by colonies even in the most intensive landscapes was largely limited to interstitial habitat (e.g., field and road edges) despite available mass‐flowering crops. Our results highlight the importance of mosaic landscapes (i.e., landscape heterogeneity) in allowing bumble bees to link resources through the season. The framework we develop also serves to enhance predictions of insect resource use within fragmented landscapes.
Causal Associations of Gut Microbiota Species With Lymphoma: A Two‐Sample Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Li Mei , Wang Li , Peng ZiYe , Jiang Lian , Yan YiWei , Xia YaFei , Wang Yao , Guo LiYing , Miao Jing , Bian YuHong 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis study aims to focus on GM at species level, exploring the causal associations with different kinds of lymphoma to provide some information on potential intervention directions in lymphoma. Data of GM taxa were extracted from the genome‐wide association study conducted by the MiBioGen and Dutch Microbiome Project (DMP), and those of lymphomas were obtained from the FinnGen consortium. Inverse variance weighted (IVW) method and Bonferroni multiple correction were utilized to assess the causal associations of GM species with different kinds of lymphoma. The effect size was expressed by odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Reverse causal association analysis has also been performed. Additionally, scatter plots and leave‐one‐out test were conducted for sensitivity analysis. After correction, the IVW estimates suggested that elevated relative abundance of species Faecalibacterium_prausnitzii had a negatively causal association with increased odds of Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) (OR = 0.584, 95% CI: 0.516–0.662). Relative abundance of species Gordonibacter_pamelaeae, Holdemania_filiformis, Sutterella_wadsworthensis and Coprococcus_sp_ART55_1 was negatively associated with follicular lymphoma (FL) odds, whereas that of species Bifidobacterium_catenulatum and Coprococcus_comes were positively associated with FL odds (all p < 0.05). Relative abundance of species Akkermansia_muciniphila and Coprococcus_sp_ART55_1 had a negatively causal association with non‐follicular lymphoma (NFL) odds, respectively, while that of Bacteroides_uniformis had a positive one (all p < 0.05). Relative abundance of species Flavonifractor_plautii was negatively linked to diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) risk (OR = 0.471, 95% CI: 0.344–0.645). Relative abundance of species Eggerthella_unclassified was positively associated with T/NK cell lymphoma (TNK) risk while that of Ruminococcus_lactaris was negatively associated with TNK risk (all p < 0.05). Elevated relative abundance of Parabacteroides_unclassified was associated with higher risk of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) (OR = 1.955, 95% CI: 1.654–2.312). The relative abundance of species Holdemania_filiformis was negatively associated with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) risk (OR = 0.637, 95% CI: 0.544–0.746). The relative abundance of species Rothia_mucilaginosa and Lachnospiraceae_bacterium_3_1_46FAA had positively causal association with marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) risk, while that of species Alistipes_senegalensis had a negative one (all p < 0.05). This study identified 16 GM species that have potential causal associations with different kinds of lymphoma, which provided some new idea for further exploration on prevention and treatment targets in lymphoma.
Prognostic Models of Mortality Following First‐Ever Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Population‐Based Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Mohammed Mustapha , Zainal Hadzliana , Ong Siew Chin , Tangiisuran Balamurugan , Aziz Fatimatuzzahra Abdul , Sidek Norsima N. , Sha'aban Abubakar , Ibrahim Umar Idris , Muhammad Surajuddeen , Looi Irene , Aziz Zariah A. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsThere is a lack of population‐based studies focusing on guideline‐based prognostic models for stroke. This study aimed to develop and validate a prognostic model that predicts mortality following a first‐ever acute ischemic stroke.MethodsThe study included 899 adult patients ( ≥ 18 years) with confirmed diagnosis of first‐ever acute ischemic stroke enrolled in the Malaysian National Stroke Registry (NSR) from January 2009 to December 2019. The primary outcome was mortality within 90 days post‐stroke (266 events [29.6%]). The prognostic model was developed using logistic regression (75%, n = 674) and internally validated (25%, n = 225). Model performance was assessed using discrimination (area under the curve (AUC]) and calibration (Hosmer‐Lemeshow test [HL]).ResultsThe final model includes factors associated with increased risk of mortality, such as age (adjusted odds ratio, aOR 1.06 [95% confidence interval, CI 1.03, 1.10; p < 0.001]), National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score aOR 1.08 (95% CI 1.08, 1.13; p = 0.004), and diabetes aOR 2.29 (95% CI 1.20, 4.37; p = 0.012). The protective factors were antiplatelet within 48 h. aOR 0.40 (95% CI 0.19, 0.81; p = 0.01), dysphagia screening aOR 0.30 (95% CI 0.15, 0.61; p = 0.001), antiplatelets upon discharge aOR 0.17 (95% CI 0.08, 0.35; p < 0.001), lipid‐lowering therapy aOR 0.37 (95% CI 0.17, 0.82; p = 0.01), stroke education aOR 0.02 (95% CI 0.01, 0.05; p < 0.001) and rehabilitation aOR 0.08 (95% CI 0.04, 0.16; p < 0.001). The model demonstrated excellent performance (discrimination [AUC = 0.94] and calibration [HL, X2 p = 0.63]).ConclusionThe study developed a validated prognostic model that excellently predicts mortality after a first‐ever acute ischemic stroke with potential clinical utility in acute stroke care decision‐making. The predictors could be valuable for creating risk calculators and aiding healthcare providers and patients in making well‐informed clinical decisions during the stroke care process.