bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complete remission of primary retroperitoneal transitional cell carcinoma after radiotherapy and oral chemotherapy: a case report
Authors: Ichinohe K , Ijima M , Usami T , Baba S 
Published: March 2013

Primary retroperitoneal transitional cell carcinomas (TCCs) are extremely rare neoplasms for which prognosis is very poor. We present a case that underwent complete remission after radiotherapy and concurrent oral chemotherapy. A 68-year-old woman presented with acute onset of bloody stool. Urgent colonoscopy only detected haemorrhoids. Subsequent abdominal ultrasonography revealed a mass of 7cm in maximal diameter in the left iliac fossa. Laparotomy disclosed a retroperitoneal mass that could not be dissected and therefore only incision biopsy was performed. After a final diagnosis of primary retroperitoneal TCC, chemotherapy with tegafur-uracil (UFT) was initiated but was not effective. Subsequently, radiotherapy was initiated concurrently with UFT at a total dose of 50Gy in 25 fractions. At 20 months after radiotherapy, the tumour seemed to have completely remitted. At the last follow-up, ten years from radiotherapy, computed tomography revealed no recurrence. We identified only three single case reports regarding primary retroperitoneal TCC over the last five decades. All patients died from the tumour 8−24 months after diagnosis or treatment. Based on the success of our case, radiotherapy with concurrent oral chemotherapy should be considered as an option for unresected cases.
The case for bilateral mastectomy and male chest contouring for the female-to-male transsexual
Authors: Richards C , Barrett J 
Published: March 2013

Introduction In the UK, funding for a bilateral mastectomy (BLM) and associated chest recontouring for female-to-male transsexuals (trans men) has been rejected by some funding authorities on a number of unsustainable grounds. Methods As funding is increasingly an important area for both surgeons and referrers, we undertook a review of the small amount of literature pertaining to this issue and considered it in light of our clinical experience of this group. Findings The literature showed that BLM is necessary for trans men to live safely and effectively in their reassigned gender role, and further that it acts as a prophylaxis against distress, ameliorates extant distress as well as providing improved quality of life and global functioning for this patient group.
Coress feedback
Authors: Smith Frank CT 
Published: March 2013

Three of the cases in this issue of CORESS Feedback relate to failure of either giving or taking of information. A good clinical history underpins management decisions and emphasis on providing the general practitioner (and patient) with a comprehensive written discharge summary, describing treatment, is paramount. The final case illustrates once again that the role of the World Health Organization checklist and the ‘time-out’ cannot be overestimated in facilitating safe surgery. We are grateful to the clinicians who have provided the material for these reports. The online reporting form is on our website ( www.coress.org.uk ), which also includes all previous Feedback Reports. Published contributions will be acknowledged by a ‘Certificate of Contribution’, which may be included in the contributor’s record of continuing professional development.
Zur Bedeutung normierter Terminologien in Zeiten moderner Sprach- und Information- Retrieval-Technologien
Authors: Hauer Manfred 
Published: March 2013

Zusammenfassung
Wie Übersetzer sollten Bibliothekare den Dialog zwischen Autoren, die bereits Werke verfasst haben, und zumeist solchen, die an neuen Werken arbeiten, vermitteln. Sie bedienen sich einer so stark reduzierten „Übersetzungssprache“, dass der Dialog oft nicht mehr ausreichend gelingt. Seit zehn Jahren erweitern deshalb im deutschen und amerikanischen Bereich Bibliotheken zunehmend den Terminologieraum ihrer Kataloge durch die wichtigsten, originalsprachlichen Fachbegriffe der Autoren. Dadurch ergeben sich in der Recherche „Docking-Stellen“ für terminologische Netze, die zur Query-Expansion statt Dokument-Reduktion genutzt werden können. Die sich daraus ergebende Optimierung des Recalls kann im Dialog mit einem modernen Retrieval-System mittels Facettierungstechnik hinsichtlich Precision verfeinert werden, wobei die ursprünglich oft schwer zugängliche Fachterminologie des Bibliothekars dann auch ohne ungeliebtes Vortraining entschlüsselt werden kann.
Why We Need High-tech Politics to Make Renewables a Success Story
Authors: Goldammer Kathrin , Mans Ulrich 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWith the continued growth of renewable energy technologies, major changes are under way in a growing number of energy systems across the globe. Wind, solar, biomass, hydroelectric and geothermal solutions experience an impressive boom and have created a new business sector worth US$243 billion in 2011. This trend is not caused by recent breakthroughs in engineering; in fact most of the technology has been around for some time. The way we organize our energy infrastructure is not primarily a technical matter; it is above all a political decision. The scale-up of renewable energy supplies at the cost of today's fossil-fuel dominated energy infrastructure is a systemic transition from one technology regime to another and thus requires political leadership for setting the targets, guiding institutional change, freeing resources and deciding on the relevant regulations. Today's energy systems are based on well-established routines and – as any other existing societal arrangement – are governed by a certain degree of lock-in: because people are generally happy to do things the way they have done it in the past, they are unlikely to embrace change quickly. These “lock-ins” shape, to a large extent, the speed of change as well as the type of solutions required in order to leave behind what works for today in favor of what we want to work for tomorrow. This article provides an overview of recent developments in the energy systems in Germany, California and Japan. We show that in order to appreciate the dilemma's that arise when creating a more sustainable energy system, we need to understand the local political landscape and how it influences decision-making processes. Looking at the three regions, it becomes evident that the level of political leadership determines much of what technology can do to facilitate innovation in the field of sustainable energy.
Speaker Recognition in Uncontrolled Environment: A Review
Authors: Karamangala Narendra , Kumaraswamy Ramaswamy 
Published: March 2013

Abstract.Speaker recognition has been an active research area for many years. Methods to
represent and quantify information embedded in speech signal are termed as
features of the signal. The features are obtained, modeled and stored for
further reference when the system is to be tested.
Decision whether to accept or reject speakers are taken based on parameters of the data modeling techniques.
Real world offers various degradations to the signal
that hamper the signal quality. The degradations may be due to ambient
background noise, reverberation or multispeaker scenario. This paper
presents a survey of various feature extraction, data modeling methods,
metrics that are used to take the decisions and methods that can be used to
preprocess the degraded data that have been used to perform the task of
speaker recognition.
Long Noncoding RNAs: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Kung Johnny T Y , Colognori David , Lee Jeannie T 
Published: March 2013

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have gained widespread attention in recent years as a potentially new and crucial layer of biological regulation. lncRNAs of all kinds have been implicated in a range of developmental processes and diseases, but knowledge of the mechanisms by which they act is still surprisingly limited, and claims that almost the entirety of the mammalian genome is transcribed into functional noncoding transcripts remain controversial. At the same time, a small number of well-studied lncRNAs have given us important clues about the biology of these molecules, and a few key functional and mechanistic themes have begun to emerge, although the robustness of these models and classification schemes remains to be seen. Here, we review the current state of knowledge of the lncRNA field, discussing what is known about the genomic contexts, biological functions, and mechanisms of action of lncRNAs. We also reflect on how the recent interest in lncRNAs is deeply rooted in biology’s longstanding concern with the evolution and function of genomes.
Population Genetics and a Study of Speciation Using Next-Generation Sequencing: An Educational Primer for Use with “Patterns of Transcriptome Divergence in the Male Accessory Gland of Two Closely Related Species of Field Crickets”
Authors: Wittkopp Patricia J 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Understanding evidence for the genetic basis of reproductive isolation is imperative for supporting students’ understanding of mechanisms of speciation in courses such as Genetics and Evolutionary Biology. An article by Andrés et al. in the February 2013 issue of GENETICS illustrates how advances in DNA sequencing are accelerating studies of population genetics in species with limited genetic and genomic resources. Andrés et al. use the latest sequencing technologies to systematically identify and characterize sites in the DNA that vary within, and have diverged between, species to explore speciation in crickets. This primer, coupled with that article, will help instructors introduce and reinforce important concepts in genetics and evolution while simultaneously introducing modern methodology in the undergraduate classroom.
Related article in GENETICS: Andrés, J. A., E. L. Larson, S. M. Bogdanowicz, and R. G. Harrison, 2013 Patterns of transcriptome divergence in the male accessory gland of two closely related species of field crickets. Genetics 193: 501–513.
Predictors of Phrase and Fluent Speech in Children With Autism and Severe Language Delay
Authors: Wodka Ericka L. , Mathy Pamela , Kalb Luther 
Published: March 2013

OBJECTIVE:
To examine the prevalence and predictors of language attainment in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and severe language delay. We hypothesized greater autism symptomatology and lower intelligence among children who do not attain phrase/fluent speech, with nonverbal intelligence and social engagement emerging as the strongest predictors of outcome.

METHODS:
Data used for the current study were from 535 children with ASD who were at least 8 years of age (mean = 11.6 years, SD = 2.73 years) and who did not acquire phrase speech before age 4. Logistic and Cox proportionate hazards regression analyses examined predictors of phrase and fluent speech attainment and age at acquisition, respectively.

RESULTS:
A total of 372 children (70%) attained phrase speech and 253 children (47%) attained fluent speech at or after age 4. No demographic or child psychiatric characteristics were associated with phrase speech attainment after age 4, whereas slightly older age and increased internalizing symptoms were associated with fluent speech. In the multivariate analyses, higher nonverbal IQ and less social impairment were both independently associated with the acquisition of phrase and fluent speech, as well as earlier age at acquisition. Stereotyped behavior/repetitive interests and sensory interests were not associated with delayed speech acquisition.

CONCLUSIONS:
This study highlights that many severely language-delayed children in the present sample attained phrase or fluent speech at or after age 4 years. These data also implicate the importance of evaluating and considering nonverbal skills, both cognitive and social, when developing interventions and setting goals for language development.
Weight Status of Children With Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Chawla Anjulika , Sprinz Philippa G. , Welch Jennifer , Heeney Matthew , Usmani Naheed , Pashankar Farzana , Kavanagh Patricia 
Published: March 2013

OBJECTIVE:
Historically, many children and adolescents with sickle cell disease (SCD) were underweight. Treatment advances like hydroxyurea have been associated with improved growth. We hypothesized that increased hemoglobin (Hb) levels would be associated with increased weight status of children with SCD.

METHODS:
Investigators at 6 institutions conducted a retrospective chart review of all patients aged 2 to 19 years of age for the calendar years 2007–2009. Height, weight, baseline Hb levels, demographic information, and select comorbidities were recorded from the most recent clinic visit. Overweight and obesity were defined as ≥85th and ≥95th BMI percentiles for age and gender, respectively, and underweight was defined as &lt;5th BMI percentile.

RESULTS:
Data were collected on 675 children and adolescents in 3 New England states. In this sample, 22.4% were overweight or obese, whereas only 6.7% were underweight. Overweight or obese status was associated with sickle genotypes other than Hb SS or Hb Sβ0 disease, and were associated with higher baseline Hb levels. Underweight individuals were more likely to be male, older, and have had at least 1 SCD-related complication. After adjusting for demographic factors, any SCD-related complication, SCD-directed treatments, and obesity-related conditions, there was a 36% increased odds of overweight/obesity for each 1 g/dL increase in baseline Hb levels.

CONCLUSIONS:
Nearly one-quarter of children and adolescents with SCD in New England are overweight or obese. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine the impact of elevated BMI on the morbidity and mortality of both children and adults with SCD.
Anodic Aluminum Oxide (AAO) Membranes for Neurite Outgrowth
Authors: Casey Meghan E. , Ventura Anthony P. , Misiolek Wojciech Z. , Jedlicka Sabrina 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTAnodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membranes were fabricated in a mild two-step anodization procedure. The voltage was varied during both anodization steps to control the pore size and morphology of the AAO membranes. Pore sizes ranged from 34 nm to 117 nm. Characterization of the pore structure was performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). To assess the potential of the AAO membranes as a neuronal differentiation platform, C17.2 neural stem cells (NSCs), an immortalized and multipotent cell line, were used. The NSCs were forced to differentiate via serum-withdrawal. Cellular growth was characterized by immunocytochemistry (ICC) and SEM. ImageJ software was used to obtain phenotypic cell counts and neurite outgrowth lengths. Results indicate a highly tunable correlation between AAO nanopore sizes and differentiated cell populations. By selecting AAO membranes with specific pore size ranges, control of neuronal network density and neurite outgrowth length was achieved.
Low Temperature ZnO TFTs Fabrication with Al and AZO Contacts for Flexible Transparent Applications
Authors: Gutierrez-Heredia Gerardo , Mejia Israel , Hernandez-Como Norberto , Rivas-Aguilar Martha E. , Martinez-Landeros Victor H. , Aguirre-Tostado Francisco S. , Gnade Bruce E. , Quevedo Manuel 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTZinc Oxide (ZnO) Thin-Film Transistors (TFTs) using Aluminum (Al) and Aluminum-doped zinc Oxide (AZO) as Source-Drain (S-D) contacts are reported. The fabrication process was carried out using five photolithography steps with a maximum processing temperature of 100 °C, which makes the process compatible with flexible/transparent applications. The AZO and ZnO films were deposited using Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD). Aluminum was deposited using ebeam. The devices showed mobilities >10 cm2/V-s, threshold voltage in the range of 7 V and On/Off current ratios >105. The resistance analysis showed that AZO is a better contact with lower contact resistance as identified in the TFTs. The AZO and ZnO stacks characterized by UV-V shows an optical transmission >80 %.
Fabrication of Corundum-Structured α-(InFe)2O3 Alloy Films on Sapphire Substrates by Inserting α-Fe2O3 Buffer Layer
Authors: Akaiwa Kazuaki , Suzuki Norihiro , Kaneko Kentaro , Fujita Shizuo 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTWe successfully fabricated corundum-structured α-(InFe)2O3 alloy films on sapphire substrates by inserting α-Fe2O3 buffer layers. The ion compositions in the α-(In1-xFex)2O3 films, x, were artificially tuned for the entire range from 0 to 1 by changing the ion precursor composition in source solution. Magnetic measurements revealed that the α-(In1-xFex)2O3 (x = 0.13) alloy film showed ferromagnetism at 5 K.
A Study of Quaternary Cr-Cr2Ta Alloys - Microstructure and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Choda Varun , Bhowmik Ayan , Edmonds Ian M. , Jones C. Neil , Stone Howard J. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTSix alloys based on Cr-10Ta-7Si (by at.%) with quaternary additions of 0.5Ag, 5Ti, 1Hf, 3Mo, 3Al, or 3Re (by at.%) substituted for Cr were produced by vacuum arc-melting. The microstructures of the alloys were found to predominantly consist of a eutectic mixture of an A2 Cr-based solid solution and a C14 Cr2Ta Laves phase along with proeutectic Cr2Ta dendrites. Microstructural macro- and micro-scale inhomogeneities were observed in all alloy ingots, which were attributed to the non-equilibrium arc-melting process. The measured lattice parameters of the constituent phases and the elemental partitioning behaviour between the phases have been correlated with the respective covalent atomic radii. The bulk hardnesses of the alloys, along with the hardness of individual phases, have also been reported.
Growth and Characterization of ZnO Thin Film by RF Magnetron Sputtering for Photoacoustic Tomography Sensor
Authors: Matsuo Takuya , Okuda Shuhei , Washio Katsuyoshi 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTTo apply thin ZnO film to photoacoustic tomography sensors, we investigated methods to improve its piezoelectricity with high optical transmittance. ZnO film was deposited by RF magnetron sputtering on a quartz substrate with various changes of the following conditions: RF sputtering power, Ar gas pressure, and substrate temperature (TSUB). The preliminary optimization of sputtering conditions is to form the ZnO film with good c-axis crystalline alignment. The results of X-ray diffraction measurement and cross-sectional observations indicated that the high-TSUB condition was preferable. This was because the desorption of Zn due to high-TSUB during the deposition process induced the formation of excellent columnar grains normal to the substrate. To enhance the piezoresponse, the substitution of Zn with different crystal-radius atoms was investigated, the aim being to increase the electrically neutral dipole moment by the partial displacement of the Zn-O bond. The transition metal V, with the potential to have the various configurations and coordination numbers, was selected as the dopant. As a result, it was confirmed that the diffraction peak from the (002) plane shifted to low angles with small degradation of the diffraction intensities.
Dextran Based Polyampholyte Having Cryoprotective Properties
Authors: Jain Minkle , Matsumura Kazuaki 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTDimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) has been used for several decades as the most efficient cryoprotective agent (CPA) for many types of cells in spite of its cytotoxicity and its effect on differentiation. Recently we showed that carboxylated poly-L-lysine, which is classified as a polyampholyte, has a cryoprotective effect on cells in solution without any other cryoprotectant. Here we developed high molecular weight polyampholytes with an appropriate ratio of amino and carboxyl groups and evaluated their cryopreservation efficiency. A novel polyampholyte based on naturally available polymer dextran, in which we introduced both amino and carboxyl groups shows an excellent post thaw-survival efficiency of more than 90% of murine L929 cells. It can serve as the sole high molecular weight CPA for tissue engineering applications without animal derived materials.
The Electrical Characteristics of ZnO :Ga/p-Si Junction Diode
Authors: Lin Tien-Chai , Huang Wen-Chang , Horng Chia-Tsung , Yang Shu-Hui 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTThe junction characteristics between ZnO:Ga (GZO) film and p-Si substrate are discussed in the research. For the transparent semiconductor ZnO, the element Ga is chosen to be the dopant source to produce a high quality n-type ZnO thin film. The ZnO:Ga (GZO) film shows a average transmittance is 84.7% (above 400 nm), a bandgap energy of 3.37 eV, a carrier concentration of 7.29×1013 cm−3and a resistivity of 118 Ω-cm. For the GZO/p-Si junction, it shows a junction barrier height of 0.54 eV with an ideality factor of 1.24. The capacitance-voltage measurement shows that it has a uniform reverse bias depletion layer. The Cheung function is also brought to discussion the diode characteristics.
Crystal Structure Evolution of La2Ni7 during Hydrogenation
Authors: Iwatake Yuki , Kishida Kyosuke , Inui Haruyuki 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTAtomic scale characterization of the La2Ni7 hydrides by high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) revealed that not only the anisotropic expansion of the La2Ni4 unit layer previously reported but also the shearing on the basal plane of the La2Ni4 unit layers occur during one-cycle of hydrogen absorption/desorption process. Two different types of orthorhombic La2Ni7 hydrides with the same atomic arrangement of La and different atomic arrangement of Ni were observed depending on the maximum hydrogen concentration achieved during one hydrogen absorption/desorption cycle.
Thermal Conversion of Cs-exchanged IONSIV IE-911 into a Novel Caesium Ceramic Wasteform by Hot Isostatic Pressing
Authors: Chen Tzu-Yu , Hriljac Joseph A. , Gandy Amy S. , Stennett Martin C. , Hyatt Neil C. , Maddrell Ewan. R. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTHot Isostatic Pressing of Cs-exchanged IONSIV IE-911 samples is shown to produce a mixture of ceramic phases, the nature and mass fractions of these have been determined by Rietveld analysis of powder X-ray diffraction data. The main Cs phase that forms is Cs2TiNb6O18, after this reaches approximately 30% of the total crystalline content the remaining Cs is partitioned into Cs2ZrSi6O15. Durability tests using the PCT-B method for 7 days at 90 °C with deionised water lead to Cs leach rates of 0.032 and 0.038 g∙m−2∙day−1 for samples exchanged to 6 and 12 wt% Cs, respectively, indicating a durable wasteform is produced.
Quasicrystalline Phase of Silicon on Glass
Authors: Middya A. R. , Ghosh Kartik 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we report new phase of crystalline silicon, quasicrystalline silicon thin-film on glass substrate. The surface topography of these films reveal simultaneous existence of sixfold and fivefold symmetry. We found an array of quasi-unit cell in 2-D that formed quasicrystalline solid. This is first time demonstration of quasicrystalline for single element, silicon (Si). Raman spectra suggests that we found crystalline silicon structure on glass substrate that is not single-crystal silicon (c-Si) but very close to c-Si.
Quantum-kinetic Theory of Defect-mediated Recombination in Nanostructure-based Photovoltaic Devices
Authors: Aeberhard Urs 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTIn this paper, a quantum-kinetic equivalent of Shockley-Read-Hall recombination is derived within the non-equilibrium Green's function formalism for a photovoltaic system with selectively contacted extended-state absorbers and a localized deep defect state in the energy gap. The novel approach is tested on a homogeneous bulk absorber and then applied to a thin film photo-diode with large built-in field in the defect-rich absorber region. While the quantum-kinetic treatment reproduces the semi-classical characteristics for a bulk absorber in quasi-equilibrium conditions, for which the latter picture is valid, it reveals in the thin film case non-classical characteristics of recombination enhanced by tunneling into field-induced sub-gap states.