bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vocabulary growth in second language among immigrant school-aged children in Greece
Authors: SIMOS PANAGIOTIS G. , SIDERIDIS GEORGIOS D. , MOUZAKI ANGELIKI , CHATZIDAKI ASPASIA , TZEVELEKOU MARIA 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTThe goal of the study was to assess differences between native Greek and bilingual, immigrant children of Albanian descent learning Greek as a second language on a receptive vocabulary measure. Vocabulary measures were obtained at five time points, 6 months apart, from 580 children attending Grades 2–4. Individual variability on both initial performance (intercept) and growth rate (slope) was assessed using hierarchical linear modeling, which included linguistic/ethnic group, parental education (as a socioeconomic status [SES] indicator), gender, and a measure of nonverbal cognitive ability as time-invariant predictors of vocabulary growth. Results indicated that linguistic/ethnic group, parental education, and baseline nonverbal cognitive ability were significant predictors of initial vocabulary scores, whereas only linguistic/ethnic group and nonverbal ability accounted for significant variability in vocabulary growth rates. Additional analyses confirmed that linguistic/ethnic group remained a significant predictor of receptive vocabulary knowledge at both the intercept and the slope levels even after controlling for the initial differences between groups on parental education and block design subtest scores.
The role of age of onset and input in early child bilingualism in Greek and Dutch
Authors: UNSWORTH SHARON , ARGYRI FROSO , CORNIPS LEONIE , HULK AAFKE , SORACE ANTONELLA , TSIMPLI IANTHI 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTThe focus of this study is the acquisition of grammatical gender in Greek and Dutch by bilingual children whose other language is English. Although grammatical gender languages share the property of noun classification in terms of grammatical gender, there are important differences between the languages under investigation here in terms of both the morphological cues for gender marking available to the child and the developmental path followed by monolingual children. Dutch offers limited input cues for grammatical gender, but Greek shows consistent and regular patterns of morphological gender marking on all members of the nominal paradigm. This difference is associated with the precocious pattern of gender acquisition in Greek and the attested delay in monolingual Dutch development. We explore the development of gender in Dutch and Greek with the aim of disentangling input from age of onset effects in bilingual children who vary in the age of first exposure to Dutch or Greek. Our findings suggest that although bilingual Greek children encounter fewer difficulties in gender acquisition compared to bilingual Dutch children, amount of input constitutes a predictive factor for the pattern attested in both cases. Age of onset effects could be partly responsible for differences between simultaneous and successive bilinguals in Greek, but this is clearly not the case for Dutch. Our findings are also addressed from the more general perspective of the status of “early” and “late” phenomena in monolingual acquisition and the advantages of investigating these from the bilingual perspective.
Variability in the learning of complex morphophonology
Authors: ETTLINGER MARC , BRADLOW ANN R. , WONG PATRICK C. M. 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTThis paper explores how theories on the relationship between language and domain-general cognitive capabilities might account for individual variation in second language learning. We investigated the acquisition of a morphophonological grammar paired with standardized tests of memory function. The language learned had simple and complex morphophonological patterns of word formation, which are hypothesized to correlate with standardized measures of procedural and declarative memory, respectively. The results show a significant amount of variation in learning success is accounted for by these measures of memory in accordance with the hypothesis. These findings help explain why some adults are able to learn a second language more easily than others while also advancing a model of second language learning motivated by linguistic theory.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FINANCIAL IMPACT AND COVERAGE OF DRUGS IN AUSTRALIA
Authors: Mauskopf Josephine , Chirila Costel , Masaquel Catherine , Boye Kristina S. , Bowman Lee , Birt Julie , Grainger David 
Published: December 2012

Objectives: The aim of this study was to estimate the relationship between the financial impact of a new drug and the recommendation for reimbursement by the Australian Pharmaceutical Benefits Advisory Committee (PBAC).Methods: Data in the PBAC summary database were abstracted for decisions made between July 2005 and November 2009. Financial impact—the upper bound of the values presented in the PBAC summary database—was categorized as ≤A$0, >A$0 up to A$10 million, A$10 million up to A$30 million, and >A$30 million per year. Descriptive, logistic, survival, and recursive partitioning decision analyses were used to estimate the relationship between the financial impact of a new drug indication and the recommendation for reimbursement. Multivariable analyses controlled for other clinical and economic variables, including cost per quality-adjusted life-year gained.Results: Financial impact was a significant predictor of the recommendation for reimbursement. In the logistic analysis, the odds ratios of reimbursement for drug submissions with financial impacts ≥A$10 million to ≥A$30 million or >A$0 to <A$10 million compared with ≤A$0 were 0.12 (95 percent confidence interval [CI]: 0.03–0.51) and 0.16 (95 percent CI: 0.04–0.60), respectively. In the recursive partition decision analysis, the first split of the data was for submissions with a positive financial impact compared with those with a zero or negative financial impact.Conclusions: In Australia, financial impact on the drug budget is an important determinant of whether a new drug is recommended for reimbursement when cost-effectiveness estimates and other clinical and economic variables are controlled.
The Anatolian Diagonal: fact or fiction?
Authors: Ekim T. , Güner A. 
Published: December 2012

SynopsisAn analysis of the 8 published volumes of theFlora of Turkeywas made in order to determine if there was a factual basis for the concept of an Anatolian Diagonal affecting plant distribution in Turkey. The data accumulated indicated that a substantial number of species (c.2600) have distributions associated with the Diagonal this total accounts forc. 32% of the number of species in the 8 volumes: 5% are ± restricted to the Diagonal; 14% are absent from the W of it and 13% from the E. Some suggestions are made for the reasons for this floral break.
Assessment of skin test with varicella-zoster virus antigen for predicting the risk of herpes zoster
Authors: OKUNO Y. , TAKAO Y. , MIYAZAKI Y. , OHNISHI F. , OKEDA M. , YANO S. , KUMIHASHI H. , GOMI Y. , MAEDA K. , ISHIKAWA T. , MORI Y. , ASADA H. , ISO H. , YAMANISHI K. 
Published: December 2012

SUMMARYThe Shozu Herpes Zoster (SHEZ) Study was designed to clarify the incidence of and predictive and immunological factors for herpes zoster in a defined community-based Japanese population. As part of this series, a total of 5683 residents aged ⩾50 years received a varicella-zoster virus (VZV) skin test with VZV antigen, and 48 h later, the erythema and oedema were assessed by measuring the longest diameter. The diameters of both the erythema and oedema decreased with the increasing age of the subject. Sixty-three subjects contracted herpes zoster within a year after receiving the VZV skin test. Analysis of the herpes zoster incidence ratevs.the skin test reaction revealed that the shorter the diameter of erythema or oedema, the greater the likelihood of herpes zoster. These results demonstrated that the VZV skin test is an excellent surrogate marker for predicting the risk of herpes zoster.
Viable seeds buried in the tropical forest soils of Xishuangbanna, SW China
Authors: Cao Min , Tang Yong , Sheng Caiyu , Zhang Jianhou 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis paper examines the composition and density of soil seed banks under a mature seasonal rain forest (>150 years old), three secondary forests (4 yrTrema orientalisforest, 9 yrMacaranga denticulataforest and 25 yrMallotus paniculatusforest) and in a slash-and-burn field of Xishuangbanna, southwest China. Seeds in the secondary forests germinated most rapidly in the first week, while the seeds of the seasonal rain forest and the slash-and-burn field soils germinated slowly over the first 6 weeks and peaked in the seventh and eighth weeks. Seed densities were 4585–65,665 seeds m−2for forest sites and 1130 seeds m−2for the slash-and-burn field in the top 10 cm of the soils. The seed density decreased with soil depth in the forest sites and tended to decline during succession. Herbs accounted for the largest proportion of seeds at all five sites. The importance of woody species, however, increased as forests became older. Slash and burn eliminated a large number of seeds in the upper soil and, consequently, reversed the vertical distribution of seeds in the soil and had a negative impact on family, genus and species richness of the soil seed bank as well.
Nurse-Paramedic Interactions: Teamwork or Turf Wars?
Authors: Palmer C. Eddie , Gonsoulin Sheryl M. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIntroduction:The interaction patterns that result from the role performance of nurses and paramedics as they care for patients conveyed to the Emergency Department could impact substantially on outcome. The nature of this interaction was studied.Methods:Structured interviews were conducted with 35 persons: 21 paramedics, 12 full-time emergency department nurses, and two ED physicians.Results:Open conflicts in the ED are not a common occurrence. The reports given by paramedics and the assessments of patients by the nurse at transfer seem to represent “flash points” of conflict. The characteristics of some of the hostile behaviors which do occur are defined.Conclusion:Conflict does exist and the application of suggested interventions may serve to lessen such conflict.
Patient-Initiated Refusals of Prehospital Care: Ambulance Call Report Documentation, Patient Outcome, and On-line Medical Command
Authors: Cone David C. , Kim David T. , Davidson Steven J. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIntroduction:There is a growing interest in cases in which emergency medical services (EMS) providers evaluate a patient, but do not transport the patient to a hospital. A subset of these cases, the patient-initiated refusal (PIR) in which the patient refused care and transport, was studied and evaluated. The objectives of the study were to examine the adequacy of ambulance call report documentation in PIR, to examine the clinical outcome of these patients in one hospital-based, suburban EMS system, and to assess the potential impact of on-line medical command (OLMC) on cases of PIR.Methods:The system studied is a hospital-based, transport-capable, advanced life support service in a suburban EMS system, with an annual call volume of 4,200 runs. During the 6-month study period, all ambulance call reports completed by the paramedics and medical command control forms completed by medical command physicians were examined, and cases of PIR collected. Each ambulance call report was examined for adequacy of documentation. Patient outcome was determined from emergency department records and telephone follow-up.Results:Eighty-five PIRs were documented during the study period. Four cases were excluded because of a missing ambulance call reports and/or medical command control forms, leaving 81 PIRs for analysis. Despite policy requiring OLMC in cases of PIR, OLMC was established in only 23 PIRs (28%). Of these, two (9%) had inadequate ambulance call report documentation. Of the 58 PIR in which OLMC was not established, 25 (43%) had inadequate ambulance call report documentation (p <0.001, Fisher's exact test). Follow-up was obtained for 54 (67%) PIR. Of these, 37 (68%) did not subsequently see a physician, and all needed no further medical care. Seven (13%) saw their own physicians within a few days of the initial refusal of prehospital care, and had no further problems. Ten patients were seen in an emergency department within a few days. Three (6%) were discharged, and did well. Seven (13%) were admitted to the hospital, with four (7%) admitted to monitored beds, and three (6%) to unmonitored beds. There were no deaths.Conclusions:Ambulance call report documentation is better with OLMC than without. Patients who initially refuse care may be ill, and some ultimately will be hospitalized. Further research may elucidate a role for OLMC in preventing refusals by incompetent patients, convincing patients who are competent but appear ill to accept transport, and assisting paramedics with other difficult or unusual circumstances.
The economic impact of initiatives to reduce stigma: demonstration of a modelling approach
Authors: McCrone Paul , Knapp Martin , Henri Mary , McDaid David 
Published: December 2012

SummaryAims– This paper seeks to provide a methodology to assess the cost-effectiveness of anti-stigma campaigns for people with mental health problems.Methods– The costs of running a national campaign in Scotland were obtained and combined with the number of adults in the Scottish population and the estimated number of people with improved attitudes towards people with mental health problems. A decision model was constructed to estimate the economic impact of a campaign in terms of increased use of services by people with depression and increased work time.Results– If the campaign caused 10% of changed attitudes then it was estimated to cost £35 per one less person who felt that people with mental health problems were dangerous and £186 per one less person who felt the public needs protection from people with mental health problems. The decision model suggested extra economic benefits (employment gains minus service costs) as a result of an anti-stigma campaign compared to the absence of a campaign.Conclusions– Data on the economic impact of anti-stigma campaigns are scarce and evaluation is intrinsically difficult. We have demonstrated a method to conduct such analyses. The model proposed here should be tested further as data become available.
Stigma and discrimination limit access to mental health care
Authors: Thornicroft Graham 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis editorial provides an overview of how far access to mental health care is limited by perceptions of stigma and anticipated discrimination. Globally over 70% of young people and adults with mental illness receive no treatment from healthcare staff. The rates of non-treatment are far higher in low income countries. Evidence from some descriptive studies and epidemiological surveys suggest that potent factors increasing the likelihood of treatment avoidance, or long delays before presenting for care include: (i) lack of knowledge about the features and treatability of mental illnesses; (ii) ignorance about how to access assessment and treatment; (iii) prejudice against people who have mental illness, and (iv) expectations of discrimination against people who have a diagnosis of mental illness. The associations between low rates of help seeking, and stigma and discrimination are as yet poorly understood and require more careful characterisation and analysis, providing the platform for more effective action to ensure that a greater proportion of people with mental illness are effectively treated in future.
Incentives for marine conservation: options for small island developing states
Authors: Niesten Eduard , Gjertsen Heidi , Fong Patrick S. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractConservation practitioners are increasingly turning to incentive-based approaches to encourage local resource users to change behaviors that impact on biodiversity and natural habitat. Three such approaches are buyouts, conservation agreements and alternative livelihoods. We assess the design and performance of these types of marine conservation interventions through an analysis of 27 case studies from around the world. Here we focus on cases that are particularly relevant to designing incentives for Small Island Developing States. Many more opportunities exist for interventions that combine the strengths of these approaches, such as through performance-based agreements that provide funds for education or alternative livelihood development.
Thermospheric density variations: Observability using precision satellite orbits and effects on orbit propagation
Authors: Lechtenberg Travis , McLaughlin Craig A. , Locke Travis , Krishna Dhaval Mysore 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis paper examines atmospheric density estimated using precision orbit ephemerides (POE) from the CHAMP and GRACE satellites during short periods of greater atmospheric density variability. The results of the calibration of CHAMP densities derived using POEs with those derived using accelerometers are examined for three different types of density perturbations, [traveling atmospheric disturbances (TADs), geomagnetic cusp phenomena, and midnight density maxima] in order to determine the temporal resolution of POE solutions. In addition, the densities are compared to High‐Accuracy Satellite Drag Model (HASDM) densities to compare temporal resolution for both types of corrections. The resolution for these models of thermospheric density was found to be inadequate to sufficiently characterize the short‐term density variations examined here. Also examined in this paper is the effect of differing density estimation schemes by propagating an initial orbit state forward in time and examining induced errors. The propagated POE‐derived densities incurred errors of a smaller magnitude than the empirical models and errors on the same scale or better than those incurred using the HASDM model.
A Buprenorphine Education and Training Program for Primary Care Residents: Implementation and Evaluation
Authors: Kunins Hillary V. , Sohler Nancy L. , Giovanniello Angela , Thompson Devin , Cunningham Chinazo O. 
Published: December 2012

Background Although substance use disorders are highly prevalent, resident preparation to care for patients with these disorders is frequently insufficient. With increasing rates of opioid abuse and dependence, and the availability of medication-assisted treatment, one strategy to improve resident skills is to incorporate buprenorphine treatment into training settings. Methods In this study, esidency faculty delivered the BupEd education and training program to 71 primary care residents. BupEd included (1) a didactic session on buprenorphine, (2) an interactive motivational interviewing session, (3) monthly case conferences, and (4) supervised clinical experience providing buprenorphine treatment. To evaluate BupEd, the authors assessed (1) residents’ provision of buprenorphine treatment during residency, (2) residents’ provision of buprenorphine treatment after residency, and (3) treatment retention among patients treated by resident versus attending physicians. Results Of 71 residents, most served as a covering or primary provider to at least 1 buprenorphine-treated patient (84.5 and 66.2%, respectively). Of 40 graduates, 27.5% obtained a buprenorphine waiver and 17.5% prescribed buprenorphine. Treatment retention was similar between patients cared for by resident PCPs versus attending PCPs (90-day retention: 63.6% [ n = 35] vs. 67.9% [ n = 152]; P = .55). Conclusion These results show that BupEd is feasible, provides residents with supervised clinical experience in treating opioid-dependent patients, and can serve as a model to prepare primary care physicians to care for patients with opioid dependence.
Low-temperature transverse magnetic domains in nominally uniaxial La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 films on NdGaO3 (0 0 1)
Authors: Phillips L C , Ghidini M , Moya X , Maccherozzi F , Dhesi S S , Mathur N D 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Epitaxial La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 films grown on orthorhombic NdGaO3 (0 0 1) substrates show predominantly uniaxial magnetic anisotropy. On cooling, we observe the growth of a biaxial contribution, which we quantify by fitting magnetometry data to a coherent rotation model. A film grown under deliberately sub-optimal conditions shows a relatively stronger biaxial contribution that results in a significant population of transverse magnetic domains below ∼200 K, as revealed by photoemission electron microscopy with x-ray magnetic circular dichroism contrast. Care should be taken to avoid these transverse domains in spintronic devices designed to exploit the high low-temperature spin-polarization of La0.67Sr0.33MnO3.
High colour purity single-phased full colour emitting white LED phosphor Sr2V2O7 : Eu3+
Authors: Zhou Zhi , Wang Nanfang , Zhou Nan , He Zhangxing , Liu Suqin , Liu Younian , Tian Ziwei , Mao Zhiyong , Hintzen H T 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Single-phased white-light-emitting phosphor Sr2V2O7 : Eu3+ was successfully synthesized by the solid-state method. The result of x-ray diffraction analysis indicated that the obtained phosphor has the same crystal structure as that of Sr2V2O7. The synthesized Sr2V2O7 : Eu3+ was combined with near-UV light (365 nm) chips and then assembled into ligtht-emitting diodes (LED) devices, which generated white light with colour coordinates of (0.324, 0.317). The white light was generated from yellow–green and red emissions, which should be attributed to the host Sr2V2O7 and dopant Eu ions, respectively. The effects of the concentration of Eu ions and charge compensation on the emission intensity were carefully investigated. The results show that the energy migrates from the host to the dopant and also that Li2CO3 should be the best charge compensator for this single-phased phosphor. In addition, the colour rendering index and luminescence efficiency of the fabricated LED devices with Sr1.90V2O7 : 0.10Eu3+ phosphor were 91 and 32 lm W−1, respectively, suggesting that Sr1.90V2O7 : 0.10Eu3+ phosphor is a potential candidate for the phosphor-converted white-light-emitting diodes with near-UV chips.
Theoretical analysis of ion-enhanced thermionic emission for low-temperature, non-equilibrium gas discharges
Authors: Go David B 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
When thermionic emission is used in a gas discharge, the ions exiting the discharge will influence the local electric field at the cathode. This effect is similar to the Schottky effect, as the potential field due to the ion can effectively reduce the potential barrier (work function) at the cathode and increase emission. In this work, this enhancement phenomenon is treated theoretically to understand how Schottky emission is enhanced due to the presence of an ion—so-called ion-enhanced Schottky emission. The effect of a stationary ion is determined through the analytical and numerical solution of the potential energy fields involved in the problem, including the applied field, electron image charge, and the ion potential field. The time-averaged enhancement due to an ion drifting towards the cathode is calculated, and an effective emission coefficient is predicted. These analyses show that a single stationary ion can significantly enhance thermionic emission, more than doubling the emission current depending on its location, but the enhancement is less significant (∼5–10%) when the motion of the ion is considered. However, the enhancement effect is more pronounced at moderate electric fields (∼105 V m−1) due to the residence time of the ion near the cathode. These results reveal the impact ions in the discharge may have on emission and how this needs to be considered when designing devices that integrate thermionic emission and discharges.