bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Where Should We Eat? Lunch Source and Dietary Measures Among Youth During the School Week
Authors: Jones Amanda C. , Hammond David , Reid Jessica L. , Leatherdale Scott T. 
Published: August 2015

Purpose: To examine lunch sources during the school week among students and the associations with fruits and vegetable (F&V) and sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption. Methods: Students (n = 23 680) from 43 Ontario, Canada, secondary schools completed a health behaviour survey in the Year 1 COMPASS study. Analysis used generalized linear mixed effects models. Results: The most frequently reported lunch source was home (2.9 days per school week), then the school cafeteria (1.1) and fast-food places or restaurants (FFRs) (0.9). Eating a home lunch was associated with having less spending money, white ethnicity, and females; whereas cafeteria lunch was associated with more spending money, lower school grade, and females. A FFR lunch was associated with males, more spending money, and higher physical activity. Greater frequency of a home lunch was associated with greater F&V consumption. Greater frequency of a FFR lunch was associated with more frequent SSB consumption. Cafeteria lunches were associated with increases in both SSB and F&V. Conclusions: Eating a lunch obtained from outside of the home is a regular behaviour among students. Sources of school-week lunches may have an important influence on dietary intake among youth. These findings reinforce the need for strategies to promote healthier lunch sources and healthier food options.
Higher-order expansion of solutions for a damped wave equation
Authors: Takeda Hiroshi 
Published: August 2015

Abstract We study the Cauchy problem for a damped wave equation. Our main result is the [Formula: see text]th order approximation of solutions by the solution of the corresponding parabolic equation for arbitrary [Formula: see text] in the [Formula: see text] framework. This means that our results can be applied to nonlinear damped wave equations.
On the non-uniform null controllability of a linear KdV equation
Authors: Carreño N. , Guerrero S. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract In this paper we consider a linear KdV equation with a transport term posed on a finite interval with the boundary conditions considered by Colin and Ghidaglia. The main results concern the behavior of the cost of null controllability with respect to the dispersion coefficient when the control acts on the left endpoint. In particular, for any final time we prove that this cost grows exponentially as the dispersion coefficient vanishes and the transport coefficient is negative.
A Cahn–Hilliard equation with a proliferation term for biological and chemical applications
Authors: Fakih Hussein 
Published: August 2015

Abstract In this paper, we are interested in the study of the solution to a generalization of the Cahn–Hilliard equation endowed with Neumann boundary conditions. This model has, in particular, applications in biology and in chemistry. We show that the solutions blow up in finite time or exist globally in time. We further prove that the relevant, from a biological and a chemical point of view, solutions converge to a constant as time goes to infinity. We finally give some numerical simulations which confirm the theoretical results.
Decay of solutions to the three-dimensional generalized Navier–Stokes equations
Authors: Jiu Quansen , Yu Huan 
Published: August 2015

Abstract In this paper, temporal decay estimates for weak solutions to the three dimensional generalized Navier–Stokes equations are established firstly. With these estimates at disposal, algebraic time decay for higher order Sobolev norms of small initial data solutions are obtained. The decay rates are optimal in the sense that they coincide with ones of the corresponding generalized heat equation.
Γ-type estimates for the one-dimensional Allen–Cahn’s action
Authors: Bellettini Giovanni , Nayam Al-Hassem , Novaga Matteo 
Published: August 2015

Abstract In this paper we prove an asymptotic estimate, up to the second-order included, on the behaviour of the one-dimensional Allen–Cahn’s action functionals, around a periodic function with bounded variation and taking values in [Formula: see text]. The leading term of this estimate justifies and confirms, from a variational point of view, the results of Fusco–Hale [ Dyn. Diff. Equation 1 (1989), 75–94] and Carr–Pego [ Comm. Pure Appl. Math. 42 (1989), 523–576] on the exponentially slow motion of metastable patterns coexisting at the transition temperature.
Long-time dynamics of a regularized family of models for homogeneous incompressible two-phase flows
Authors: Tachim Medjo T. , Tone C. , Tone F. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract In this article we consider a general family of regularized models for incompressible two-phase flows based on the Allen–Cahn formulation in n-dimensional compact Riemannian manifolds, for [Formula: see text]. The system we consider consists of a regularized family of Navier–Stokes equations for the fluid velocity u coupled with a convective Allen–Cahn equation for the order (phase) parameter ϕ. We discretize these equations in time using the implicit Euler scheme and we prove that the discrete attractors generated by the numerical scheme converge to the global attractor of the continuous system as the time-step approaches zero.
New frontiers in biomedical science and engineering during 2014–2015
Authors: Liu Feng , Lee Dong-Hoon , Lagoa Ricardo , Kumar Sandeep 
Published: August 2015

Abstract The International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology (ICBEB) is an international meeting held once a year. This, the fourth International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology (ICBEB2015), will be held in Shanghai, China, during August 18th–21st, 2015. This annual conference intends to provide an opportunity for researchers and practitioners at home and abroad to present the most recent frontiers and future challenges in the fields of biomedical science, biomedical engineering, biomaterials, bioinformatics and computational biology, biomedical imaging and signal processing, biomechanical engineering and biotechnology, etc. The papers published in this issue are selected from this Conference, which witness the advances in biomedical engineering and biotechnology during 2014–2015.
Design for minimizing fracture risk of all-ceramic cantilever dental bridge
Authors: Zhang Zhongpu , Zhou Shiwei , Li Eric , Li Wei , Swain Michael V. , Li Qing 
Published: August 2015

Abstract Minimization of the peak stresses and fracture incidence induced by mastication function is considered critical in design of all-ceramic dental restorations, especially for cantilever fixed partial dentures (FPDs). The focus of this study is on developing a mechanically-sound optimal design for all-ceramic cantilever dental bridge in a posterior region. The topology optimization procedure in association with Extended Finite Element Method (XFEM) is implemented here to search for the best possible distribution of porcelain and zirconia materials in the bridge structure. The designs with different volume fractions of zirconia are considered. The results show that this new methodology is capable of improving FPD design by minimizing incidence of crack in comparison with the initial design. Potentially, it provides dental technicians with a new design tool to develop mechanically sound cantilever fixed partial dentures for more complicated clinical situation.
Preparation and properties of pearl powder/polypropylene composites and their biocompatibility
Authors: Deng Yanhui , Li Guang , Song Weili , Jiang Jianming 
Published: August 2015

Abstract To improve the biocompatibility of PP monofilaments used for pelvic reconstruction mesh, natural pearl powders were introduced as fillers in the preparation of modified PP monofilaments. The mechanical properties the modified PP monofilaments were analyzed, followed by characterization by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Then, the biocompatibilities of these samples were investigated by MTT assay. The results revealed that the tensile strength and elongation of the as-prepared PP monofilaments can satisfy the requirement. According to the SEM images, masses of pearl powder were observed on the surface of monofilaments, which may favor the cell growth. The MTT results and the confocal microscopical images indicated that the presence of pearl powder in PP monofilaments led to improved proliferation and growth of L929 and PIEC cells under the same conditions, suggesting that PP monofilaments modified by pearl powders have a great potential in the applications of pelvic reconstruction.
Increased sensitivity of 3D-Well enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for infectious disease detection using 3D-printing fabrication technology
Authors: Singh Harpal , Shimojima Masayuki , Fukushi Shuetsu , Le Van An , Sugamata Masami , Yang Ming 
Published: August 2015

Abstract Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay or ELISA -based diagnostics are considered the gold standard in the demonstration of various immunological reaction including in the measurement of antibody response to infectious diseases and to support pathogen identification with application potential in infectious disease outbreaks and individual patients’ treatment and clinical care. The rapid prototyping of ELISA-based diagnostics using available 3D printing technologies provides an opportunity for a further exploration of this platform into immunodetection systems. In this study, a ‘3D- Well’ was designed and fabricated using available 3D printing platforms to have an increased surface area of more than 4 times for protein-surface adsorption compared to those of 96-well plates. The ease and rapidity in designing-product development-feedback cycle offered through 3D printing platforms provided an opportunity for its rapid assessment, in which a chemical etching process was used to make the surface hydrophilic followed by validation through the diagnostic performance of ELISA for infectious disease without modifying current laboratory practices for ELISA. The higher sensitivity of the 3D- Well (3-folds higher) compared to the 96-well ELISA provides a potential for the expansion of this technology towards miniaturization platforms to reduce time, volume of reagents and samples needed for laboratory or field diagnosis of infectious diseases including applications in other disciplines.
Evaluation of the micro-shear bond strength of four adhesive systems to dentin with and without adhesive area limitation
Authors: Chai Yuan , Lin Hong , Zheng Gang , Zhang Xuehui , Niu Guangliang , Du Qiao 
Published: August 2015

Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bonding ability of four representative dentin-adhesive systems by applying the micro-shear bond strength ( μ-SBS) test method and to evaluate the influence of adhesive area limitation on the bond strength. Two different adhesive application methods were used in the μ-SBS test (with and without adhesives area limitation), and four representative adhesive systems were used in this study. Each dentin surface was treated with one of the four representative adhesive systems, and with twenty samples per group (n=20), each of the four groups underwent a μ-SBS test. The results showed that the bond strength was significantly influenced by the adhesive application method ( p<0.05), the adhesive type ( p<0.05) and the interaction between the two factors ( p<0.05). With regard to the four representative dentin-adhesive systems, 3-E&R has a much better bond quality compared to the other adhesive systems. Furthermore, the micro-shear bond strength test method of restricting the area of both the adhesive and the resin is more reliable for evaluating the bonding property of adhesives to dentin, and it is also adequate for comparing the different adhesives systems.
A novel self-assembled nano micelle as a highly efficient artificial peroxidase based on hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and cytochrome c
Authors: Yang Tian , Zhang Yu-Shuai , Yang Xiao-Lu , Geng Fang-Yong , Xiao Bao-Lin , Xu Meng-Meng , Li Di , Hong Jun , Moosavi-Movahedi Ali Akbar 
Published: August 2015

Abstract A novel artificial peroxidase (AP) with highly catalytic efficiency was designed using hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB, 3 mM) nano-micelles and bovine heart cytochrome c (Cyt c, 0.5 µM) in 100 mM, pH 8.0 phosphate buffer at 25°C. The catalytic rate (kcat) and Michaelis-Menten (Km) of the AP were determined to be 0.311 ± 0.013 s−1 and 8.64 ± 0.6 µM. The catalytic efficiency was 0.0360 ± 0.0020 µM−1s−1 (about 50% the efficiency of native horseradish peroxidase). The Ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometer and Circular Dichroism techniques were applied to study the properties of the CTAB-Cyt c nano-micelle. Designed AP can be applied instead of native horseradish peroxidase.
Influence of self-assembly regenerated silk fibroin nanofibers on the properties of electrospun materials
Authors: Zhao Huijing , Ren Xia , Zhang Yi , Huang Lei 
Published: August 2015

Abstract In this study, self-assembly regenerated silk fibroin (RSF) nanofibers were prepared and observed by Atomic Force Microscope (AFM). Then RSF films containing nanospheres and nanofibers were prepared and dissolved with poly (L-lactide-co- ε-caprolactone) (PLCL) with a blending ratio of 30/70 in hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP). In order to determine whether different nanostructures in the solution influence the morphological, structural, and mechanical properties of the final electrospun materials, flat membranes were prepared and characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), and mechanical testing. The secondary structure of as-spun materials with RSF nanofibers were not changed, however, the diameter of electrospun fibers decreased and tensile strength and elongation at breaks increased. Electrospun materials with RSF nanofibers have the potential to be used for skin, cartilage, and blood vessels because of their biocompatibility and improved mechanical properties.
New designed nerve conduits with a porous ionic cross-linked alginate/chitisan structure for nerve regeneration
Authors: Chaw Jen-Ray , Liu Hsia-Wei , Shih Yu-Chao , Huang Ching-Cheng 
Published: August 2015

Abstract A new fabrication process for designing nerve conduits with a porous ionic cross-linked alginate/chitosan composite for nervous regeneration could be prepared. New designed nerve conduits with a porous ionic cross-linked alginate/chitosan composite were developed for nervous regeneration. Nerve conduits (NCs) represent a promising alternative to conventional treatments for peripheral nerve repair. NCs composed of various polysaccharides such as sodium alginate were designed and prepared by lyophilization as potential matrices for tissue engineering. The use of a porous ionic cross-linked alginate/chitosan composite could provide penetration channels that would lead to the products’ increasing penetration rate properties. Furthermore, the use of a porous ionic cross-linked alginate/chitosan composite also has a highly cross-linked structure, which would give the products relatively good mechanical properties. Furthermore, the drug could be incorporated into nerve conduits as a new drug-carrying system for nerve regeneration because of its porous and cross-linked structures.
Superparamagnetic calcium ferrite nanoparticles synthesized using a simple sol-gel method for targeted drug delivery
Authors: Sulaiman N.H. , Ghazali M.J. , Majlis B.Y. , Yunas J. , Razali M. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract The calcium ferrite nano-particles (CaFe2O4 NPs) were synthesized using a sol-gel method for targeted drug delivery application. The proposed nano-particles were initially prepared by mixing calcium and iron nitrates that were added with citric acid in order to prevent agglomeration and subsequently calcined at a temperature of 550°C to obtain small particle size. The prepared nanoparticles were characterized by using an XRD (X-ray diffraction), which revealed the configuration of orthorhombic structures of the CaFe2O4 nano-particles. A crystallite size of ∼13.59 nm was obtained using a Scherer’s formula. Magnetic analysis using a VSM (Vibrating Sample Magnetometer analysis), revealed that the synthesized particles exhibited super-paramagnetic behavior having magnetization saturation of approximately 88.3emu/g. Detailed observation via the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed the calcium ferrite nano-particles were spherical in shape.
Preparation and characterization of silver nanoparticles on silk fibroin/carboxymethylchitosan composite sponge as anti-bacterial wound dressing
Authors: Pei Zejun , Sun Qing , Sun Xin , Wang Yaping , Zhao Peng 
Published: August 2015

Abstract The infection in burn wounds covered by biologic dressings leads to wound deepening and chronic wounds. The introduction of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) into biologic dressings is a beneficial method to prevent wound infection and simultaneously promote wound healing. In this study, an AgNP-loaded silk fibroin (SF)/carboxymethylchitosan (CMC) composite sponge was fabricated. AgNPs with a mean diameter of 4.9 nm was synthesized in SF solution in situ. While CMC was incorporated and chemically crosslinked, SF was insolubilized by ethanol annealing. SEM imaging determined that the AgNP-loaded SF/CMC sponge was more porous than the pure SF sponge. Anti-bacterial results, measured by disk-diffusion and bacterial suspension assay, showed that the AgNP-loaded SF/CMC sponge demonstrated effective anti-bacterial activity against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, and that its anti -P. aeruginosa activity was higher than that of AQUACEL®; Ag. The introduction of CMC improved the water absorption capacity, retention ability, and water vapor transmission rate of the sponge, which are all important properties of wound dressings.
Security assessment of magnesium alloys used as biodegradable implant material
Authors: Sun X. , Cao Z.Y. , Liu J.G. , Feng C. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract The security risk of magnesium alloys used as biodegradable implant material was evaluated in this study. Dose-response assessment was conducted by using toxicological data from authoritative public health agencies (World Health Organization) and assuming 1∼3 years of uniform corrosion. Through modification calculation, the tolerable corrosion rate of biodegradable magnesium alloys in vivo was proposed, which theoretically ensured the bio-safety of the degradation products. The tolerable limits corresponding to various component elements in magnesium alloys were considered separately, although there are deficits in the toxicological data of some component elements. The influence of corrosion on the strength of magnesium alloys was evaluated, which would contribute to the rationally utilization of magnesium alloys as degradable implant materials. This study illustrates that not only toxicological calculations but also mechanical performance should be taken into consideration when developing novel degradable metallic implant.
Strength degradation and lifetime prediction of dental zirconia ceramics under cyclic normal loading
Authors: Li Wanzhong , Xu Yingqiang , He Huiming , Zhao Haidan , Sun Jian , Hou Yue 
Published: August 2015

Abstract Clinical cases show that zirconia restoration could happen fracture by accident under overloading after using a period of time. The purpose of this study is to research mechanical behavior and predict lifetime of dental zirconia ceramics under cyclic normal contact loading with experiments. Cyclic normal contact loading test and three point bending test are carried on specimens made of two brands of dental zirconia ceramic to obtain flexure strength and damage degree after different number of loading cycles. By means of damage mechanics model, damage degree under different number of contact loading cycles are calculated according to flexure strength, and verified by SEM photographs of cross section morphology of zirconia ceramics specimen phenomenologically. Relation curve of damage degree and number of cycles is fitted by polynomial fitting, then the number of loading cycles can be concluded when the specimen is complete damage. Strength degradation of two brands dental zirconia ceramics are researched in vitro, and prediction method of contact fatigue lifetime is established.
Anti-inflammation and anti-apoptosis effects of pearl extract gel on UVB irradiation HaCaT cells
Authors: Yang Yueh-Lung , Chang Chin-Hsien , Huang Ching-Cheng , Liu Hsia-Wei 
Published: August 2015

Abstract Caused by acute radiation skin reaction and injury, receiving radiotherapy treatment process is often performed side-effects on cancer patients. The clinical manifestations of skin irritation, itching, peeling, pigmentation, ulcer bleeding and other symptoms, in addition to causing patient discomfort and affecting quality of life, may increase the risk of local or systemic infection, and lead to interruption of radiation therapy. At present, for acute radiation dermatitis, there is no uniform treatment, and the various methods are evaluated variously. In this study, the authors focus on broken pearls using room temperature super extraction system, the water extraction process of wet-grinding method, nano-scale pearl, along with a large number of high purity natural amino acid extracts in the water. The room-temperature super-extraction system (RTSES) can be extracted from a relatively high-volume of pearl extract. We use pearl extract as the main component of experimental material, and the blending of pearl extract and poly ( γ-glutamic acid) is used to form biodegradable composite hydrogels. This study aims to evaluate the use of RTSES to extract the major active components of pearl and enhance their anti-inflammation and anti-apoptosis effects. The possible effect of pearl extract on inducing apoptosis in human keratinocyte cells (HaCaT) under the exposure of low dose UVB has been investigated. Various concentrations of pearl extracts have been used to study the effect of low dosage UVB on HaCaT cells. The results show that pearl extract has no toxic effect on HaCaT cells. Combining the pearl extract and poly ( γ-glutamic acid) hydrogels with UVB irradiation would decrease the inflammation and apoptosis of HaCaT cells. The commercial pearl extract has the potential to inhibit radiation dermatitis occurring within keratinocyte cells.
Biocompatibility and characterization of polylactic acid/styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene composites
Authors: Tsou Chi-Hui , Kao Bo-Jyue , Yang Ming-Chien , Suen Maw-Cherng , Lee Yi-Hsuan , Chen Jui-Chin , Yao Wei-Hua , Lin Shang-Ming , Tsou Chih-Yuan , Huang Shu-Hsien , De Guzman Manuel , Hung Wei-Song 
Published: August 2015

Abstract Polylactic acid (PLA)/styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene (SEBS) composites were prepared by melt blending. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and wide angle X-ray diffraction (WXRD) were used to characterize PLA and PLA/SEBS composites in terms of their melting behavior and crystallization. Curves from thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) illustrated that thermostability increased with SEBS content. Further morphological analysis of PLA/SEBS composites revealed that SEBS molecules were not miscible with PLA molecules in PLA/SEBS composites. The tensile testing for PLA and PLA/SEBS composites showed that the elongation at the break was enhanced, but tensile strength decreased with increasing SEBS content. L929 fibroblast cells were chosen to assess the cytocompatibility; the cell growth of PLA was found to decrease with increasing SEBS content. This study proposes possible reasons for these properties of PLA/SEBS composites.