bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Oral Health–Related Quality of Life among Schoolchildren with and without Cleft Lip and/or Palate
Authors: Kortelainen Terhi , Tolvanen Mimmi , Luoto Anni , Ylikontiola Leena P. , Sándor George K. , Lahti Satu 
Published: July 2015

Objective The aim was to compare the oral health–related quality of life among 11- to 14-year-old patients with cleft lip and/or palate (CLP) and schoolchildren without CLP. The validity and reliability of the Finnish Child Perception Questionnaire designed for 11- to 14-year-olds (CPQ11-14) was also assessed. Design and Subjects Participants in this cross-sectional questionnaire survey study were children aged 11 to 14 years from two groups. The CLP sample included all children of this age who had had CLP selected from the regional treatment register (N = 51). The school sample included children from four school classes (N = 82). Informed consent from parents was obtained. Ethical clearance and parental informed consent were obtained. Main Outcome Measures Oral health–related quality of life was measured with the CPQ11-14. Results The CPQ11-14 total and oral symptoms, functional limitations, emotional well-being, and social well-being subscores were poorer among patients with CLP than among schoolchildren without CLP (mean scores: 55.5 versus 15.0; 11.9 versus 5.1; 14.0 versus 2.8; 12.6 versus 4.2; and 17.1 versus 2.9, respectively; all P < .001 for Mann-Whitney tests). Cronbach alpha value was 0.97 for total scale and between 0.81 and 0.94 for subscales. Among all children in the school sample, intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.79 for total scale and varied between 0.65 and 0.74 for subscales. Conclusion The oral health–related quality of life of Finnish children with CLP was considerably poorer than that of their peers in overall and all dimensions, especially social well-being. The CPQ11-14 showed appropriate reliability and validity.
Performance evaluations of PSC panel from impact-induced fire loading
Authors: Yi Na-Hyun , Lee Sang-Won , Choi Seung-Jai , Kim Jang-Ho Jay 
Published: July 2015

Since the World Trade Center and Pentagon attacks in 2001, terror bombings, military attacks and man-made disasters have frequently induced impacts, explosions and fire on civil infrastructure. However, research into the structural behaviour of major prestressed concrete (PSC) infrastructure (e.g. bridges, tunnels, prestressed concrete containment vessels (PCCVs) and liquefied natural gas (LNG) storage tanks) under extreme loading is limited due to the difficulties involved in conducting studies on instantaneous extreme loading scenarios. In particular, research into possible secondary fire scenarios on concrete structures after a bomb explosion or accidental collision has not been performed, while most previous research is related to extreme isolated loading scenarios on structures. Due to a great deal of public concern and anxiety over potential collision accidents on major infrastructure, a study on PSC structural behaviour from an impact-induced fire scenario was undertaken. Bi-directional PSC panels of size 1400 × 1000 × 300 mm subjected to a 430 kN prestressing force using unbonded prestressing thread bars were tested for an impact–fire loading scenario. More specifically, using a drop weight test facility in Korea, tests were performed using a 14 kN impactor with drop heights of 10 m and 3·5 m to apply impact loading to the PSC panels. RABT fire loading was then applied to the impact-damaged PSC panels. After the impact–fire test, a three-point line loading test was performed on various undamaged and damaged reinforced concrete and PSC panels to evaluate and compare their residual bending strengths. The results obtained from the study can be used as basic data for the protective design of PSC panel structures such as PCCVs and LNG tanks for real impact accident scenarios.
Indicadores <i>Doing Business</i> como tecnología de gobernanza global sobre la administración de justicia en Colombia
Authors: Sánchez Robinson 
Published: July 2015

El uso de indicadores como tecnología de gobernanza global ha posibilitado la incorporación y consolidación en los diferentes Estados de la ideología e intereses de actores públicos y privados con capacidad de ejercerla. Este es el caso de la Administración de Justicia en Colombia, donde el Grupo Banco Mundial, a través de sus indicadores Doing Business, ha justificado un discurso sobre la ineficiencia del sistema judicial y la necesidad de reformarlo. Con ello, el gobierno nacional, actuando al tiempo como governed y promulgator de estos indicadores, propuso una reforma constitucional que entregaba la función jurisdiccional a particulares y funcionarios diferentes a los jueces para resolver dicha situación. Pero el ejercicio de contestación adelantado por el Consejo Superior de la Judicatura y de algunas organizaciones de actores sociales de la Administración de Justicia logró una importante movilización ciudadana de indignación, que obligó al archivo de la reforma. Hoy existen condiciones para continuar el debate sobre la administración de justicia que necesita el país, pero la fuerza del Grupo Banco Mundial como governor impide escaparse de su trabajo de gobernanza global; aunque sí se posibilita la incorporación de nuevas agendas sociales y políticas que diversifiquen la discusión sobre el sistema judicial colombiano y permitan la regulación en las mediciones del mismo.
La ciencia política como disciplina universitaria en Colombia
Authors: Duque Daza Javier 
Published: July 2015

This paper analyzes the current state of political science as an academic discipline in Colombia. Considering the concept of institutionalization as a departure point, the author examines five discipline components, namely, the development of teaching, educators, research, publications, and the recent emergence of a profession association as well as the implementation of the first national congress. The author identifies strengths and weaknesses of the Colombia’s recent institutionalization process and shows that the process has been uneven with regard to different Colombian universities. As it turned out, in Colombia, political science is a discipline developed primarily at private institutions, with a limited admission rates but with high concentration of research, doctoral training, and the number of academic publications.
Madres comunitarias: un caso paradigmático de la forma en que el derecho produce identidades
Authors: Pinzón Manuel Ricardo 
Published: July 2015

In 2012, because of judgment T-628 of that year, the 1607 Act was issued, whose Article 36 would radically change the status of community mothers in Colombia, as it regulates their employment status. The change came after many years of struggle. This article analyzes the legal status of community mothers in the years before the enactment of the law, from the perspective of gender, using various feminist positions. It aims to show how a public policy as the ICBF community homes, which featured a patriarchal and contingent world view, which locates women in work within the home, played an influential role in building the female identity, and perpetuated a system of specific domination.
¿Podemos seguir hablando de “la mujer” como sujeto del discurso feminista?: Reflexiones a la luz de los discursos de padres separados
Authors: Garzón Segura Anni Marcela 
Published: July 2015

This paper presents reflects upon the subject of feminist discourse based on the discourses of colombian male separated parents about changes in men and women and their perceptions of politics and equality. These discourses were obtained throughout a mixed research with 88 separated parents, ten of whom were interviewed in search of their perceptions from his experience of marital separation. The paper begins with the historical construction of feminism and ends with the discussion on the tensions and agreements with the groups of men and new masculinities.
The impact of Economic liberalization on Gender equality in Colombia
Authors: Méndez Diana Marcela 
Published: July 2015

This paper aims to analyze the impact of the economic liberalization on the performance of gender equality indicators in Colombia. The examination includes multiple dimensions such as access to labor market, schooling, health services and political participation. As a resource it was used the database of the United Nations, as well as the statistics of some Colombian government entities. The results indicate that the opening to foreign markets brought new opportunities for women to participate in the labor market and to improve their educational levels. However, they are still victims of gender disparities, which are manifested in terms of income and employment quality. Women have lower wages than men and are more likely to work in the less productive sectors. Educational level and economic autonomy are strongly correlated with health conditions, domestic violence and women´s empowerment. Less educated women have higher fertility and mortality rates, are more vulnerable to domestic violence and continue to have low participation in political parties. Most of the causes of this situation are associated to roles, abilities and skills related to gender. In spite of several policies, there is a considerable necessity of structural changes to fulfill the targets.
Novas problemáticas sociais: o uso do crack em mulheres e a perspectiva de gênero
Authors: Limberger Jéssica , Andretta Ilana 
Published: July 2015

The objective of this work is to understand the use of crack in women, their life stories and clinical characteristics from a gender perspective. This is a case study of qualitative character. The participant Maria, a pregnant crack user, was in hospital. Her story was permeated by violence, vulnerabilities and family difficulties. Through the instruments (semi-structured interviews and clinical and Cognitive Screening), revealed a preserved cognitive functions, generalized anxiety disorder, episode (hypo)maniac past, and antisocial personality disorder. Prejudice made the access to treatment difficult, requiring social character interventions, with specific treatments for women who use crack.
Aportes de las académicas latinoamericanas para comprender las acciones colectivas de las mujeres
Authors: Ibarra Melo María Eugenia 
Published: July 2015

This article presents a review of academic work on the political participation of women in collective action promoted by social organizations, networks, and the movement of women and feminist in Latin America and Colombia, published in the period from 1990 to 2014. This approach gives priority to the analysis of the content of the texts, it focuses on the way as their authors build objects of research, and on the theoretical references and contributions to the knowledge of the relationship gender and collective action. The different national and regional experiences reported by these studies provide a wealth of descriptive and analytical material. However, based on these findings, the article concludes that it is necessary to enlarge the interpretations about the importance that gender changes have in political culture.
“Family” as a legal concept
Authors: Jaramillo Sierra Isabel Cristina , Alviar Helena 
Published: July 2015

The concept of “family” plays an important role in the way national legal regimes distribute both power and resources. However, the idea of what a family is or should be is not univocal for all branches of law. In this paper we wish to contribute to feminist thinking about the law and to legal theory in general, by showing the contradictions and gaps in law’s incorporation of the legal concept of the family and their distributive impact. We use the notion of conceptual fragmentation to refer to the irregular manner in which family as a legal concept lands into the realms of diverse fields of law at different moments in time and with different emphasis. We argue that conceptual fragmentation makes connections through time and subject matter invisible, and therefore makes it harder to have a critique of the role of the family, treated as a legal concept, in the oppression of women. We establish that conceptual fragmentation is not irrational or incoherent but rather patterned in ways that correspond to the losses of women in contemporary societies. We use the case of colombian law to illustrate the stakes involved in defining the family and the operations that we call fragmentation. In particular, we explain how family law exceptionalism was produced, the importance of the legal concept of the family within family law and its ambivalence as to the proper definition, and the evolution of the concept of family within social policy. We argue that even if the stakes of the family seem to be all for same sex couples, in so far as “family” is still about reproduction and distribution, we should be vigilant about how women fare in the conceptual turns that seek to bring us closer to the natural family.
Islamic eco-cosmology in Ikhwan al-Safa’s view
Authors: Darras Muhammad Abdullah 
Published: July 2015

This research aims to describe the root cause of ecological crisis happening atthe moment in terms of the cosmological-metaphysical views, by doing researchon the thoughts of a classical Muslim philosophical scientist group in 10th centuryAD called Ikhwan al-Safa’. To the author, Ikhwan al-Safa’ has a clear idea inviewing the universe holistically and intact as it is. Actually, this non-reductiveview was the typical main feature of medieval Islamic classical thought. However,the main reason of choosing the works of Ikhwan al-Safa’, especially their magnumopus Rasa&gt;’il Ikhwa&gt;n al-S{afa’&gt; , in the research is that Ikhwan al-Safa’ has puta lot of attention on the “wisdom of universe” in the ontological and epistemologicalstructure of knowledge that were developed in their work. With the mainconcepts such Love of Universe and Soul of Universe, Ikhwan al-Safa’ have givena holistic vision about the wisdom of the universe and the wisdom of the environmentitself.Pengkajian dalam artikel ini bertujuan untuk menguraikan akar masalah terjadinyakrisis ekologi yang terjadi saat ini dengan berangkat dari titik pijak berdasarkanperspektif kosmologis-metafisik. Yakni dengan melakukan penelitian terhadappemikiran kosmologi kelompok keilmuan-filosofis muslim klasik abad ke-10 Myang bernama Ikhwan al-Safa’. Bagi penulis, Ikhwan al-Safa’ memiliki pemikiranyang jernih dalam melihat alam semesta. Yakni melihat alam secara holistik dan utuh sebagaimana adanya. Sebenarnya pandangan khas yang non-reduktif inimenjadi ciri utama pemikiran klasik Islam abad pertengahan. Namun pemilihanpenelitian terhadap pemikiran Ikhwan al-Safa’ –terutama dalam karya magnumopusnyaRasa&gt;’il Ikhwa&gt;n al-S{afa&gt;’ ini, lebih disebabkan karena kelompok ini bagipenulis, telah menaruh perhatian yang sangat kuat terhadap “kearifan alam”dalam struktur ontologis dan epistemologis keilmuan yang dikembangkan dalamkarya mereka. Dengan menguraikan beberapa konsep utama dalam kosmologiIkhwan al-Safa’, seperti alam sebagai sebuah kesatuan, jiwa semesta, dan cintasemesta, kita akan melihat bagaimana Ikhwan al-Safa’ memberikan sebuah visiholistik mengenai kearifan alam semesta dan kearifan lingkungan itu sendiri.
Muslims in Britain: questioning Islamic and national identity
Authors: Nur Fuad Ai Fatimah 
Published: July 2015

Islamic identity has been a central issue since the emergence of Islam in theseventh century. Muslims have been interacted with many symbols of religiousidentity since this early time of Islam. Every generation of Muslims has their ownway to show their religious identity. Muslims in Britain are also still continuing tosearch for religious identity. They seek to re-evaluate their identity and constructa sense of what it means to be a Muslim in Britain today. This article would like toelaborate several discussions on Muslims’ identities in Britain. There are twodifferent opinions on this issue. The first opinion comes from Muslims who believethat a Muslim individual should choose to be either a Muslim or a British.They argue that national values differ from religious norms. The second, however,states that one Muslim can be both a Muslim and a British at the same time.For them, there is no contradiction between being a Muslim and being a Britishcitizen. They argue that nationality and faith can be combined in Muslim individualswho live in Britain.Identitas keIslaman telah menjadi isu utama sejak awal kemunculan Islam padaawal ketujuh Masehi. Sejak awal, Muslim sudah berinteraksi dengan berbagaisymbol identitas keagamaan. Setiap generasi Muslim memiliki cara tersendiriuntuk menunjukkan identitas kegamaan mereka. Begitu juga dengan generasi Muslim saat ini di Inggris, mereka masih mencari identitas keagamaan mereka.Mereka berusaha mengevaluasi kembali dan mencari makna bagaimana menjadiMuslim di Inggris. Artikel ini ingin mengelaborasi beberapa diskusi mengenaiidentitas Muslim di Inggris. Terdapat dua perbedaan pandangan terkait hal ini.Pendapat pertama datang dari Muslim yang percaya bahwa seorang Muslim harusmemilih menjadi Muslim atau seorang warga Inggris. Mereka berpendapat bahwanilai-nilai nasional Inggris berbeda dari norma-norma agama. Namun yang kedua,menyatakan bahwa seorang Muslim bisa menjadi Muslim Inggris pada waktubersamaan. Bagi mereka, tidak ada perbedaan untuk menjadi Muslim atau menjadiwarga Negara Inggris. Mereka berpendapat bahwa keimanan dan nasionalismebisa disatukan dalam diri seorang Muslim yang tinggal di Inggris.
Islam and politics: political attitudes of the elites in Muhammadiyah 1998-2010
Authors: Al-Hamdi Ridho 
Published: July 2015

This study examines the roles of political elites in the Muhammadiyah in facing<br />the dynamics Muslim politics in post New Order regime. There are three issues<br />discussed: the emergence of Islamic political parties, the desire to implement<br />the Jakarta charter as a state ideology, and the rise of terrorism. The result of<br />the study demonstrated that there are four variants of the political attitudes of<br />the elites in Muhammadiyah in post-New Order regime: 1) transformative-ideal-<br />istic; 2) moderate-idealistic, 3) realistic-critical, and 4) accommodative-prag-<br />matic. The variations are deeply influenced by two main factors: the sociological<br />background and organizational factor.<br />Penelitian ini menguji peran elit politik dalam Muhammadiyah dalam menghadapi<br />dinamika politik Muslim pada era rezim pasca Orde Baru. Ada tiga isu yang<br />dibahas: munculnya partai-partai politik Islam, keinginan untuk melaksanakan<br />Piagam Jakarta sebagai ideologi negara, dan munculnya terorisme. Hasil penelitian<br />menunjukkan bahwa ada empat varian sikap politik para elite di Muhammadiyah<br />pada era rezim pasca-Orde Baru: 1) transformatif-idealis; 2) moderat-idealis, 3) realistis-kritis, dan 4) akomodatif-pragmatis. Variasi ini sangat dipengaruhi<br />oleh dua faktor utama, yaitu latar belakang sosiologis dan faktor organisasi.
A novel soil manganese mechanism drives plant species loss with increased nitrogen deposition in a temperate steppe
Authors: Tian Qiuying , Liu Nana , Bai Wenming , Li Linghao , Chen Jiquan , Reich Peter B. , Yu Qiang , Guo Dali , Smith Melinda D. , Knapp Alan K. , Cheng Weixin , Lu Peng , Gao Yan , Yang An , Wang Tianzuo , Li Xin , Wang Zhengwen , Ma Yibing , Han Xingguo , Zhang Wen‐Hao 
Published: July 2015

AbstractLoss of plant diversity with increased anthropogenic nitrogen (N) deposition in grasslands has occurred globally. In most cases, competitive exclusion driven by preemption of light or space is invoked as a key mechanism. Here, we provide evidence from a 9‐yr N‐addition experiment for an alternative mechanism: differential sensitivity of forbs and grasses to increased soil manganese (Mn) levels. In Inner Mongolia steppes, increasing the N supply shifted plant community composition from grass–forb codominance (primarily Stipa krylovii and Artemisia frigida, respectively) to exclusive dominance by grass, with associated declines in overall species richness. Reduced abundance of forbs was linked to soil acidification that increased mobilization of soil Mn, with a 10‐fold greater accumulation of Mn in forbs than in grasses. The enhanced accumulation of Mn in forbs was correlated with reduced photosynthetic rates and growth, and is consistent with the loss of forb species. Differential accumulation of Mn between forbs and grasses can be linked to fundamental differences between dicots and monocots in the biochemical pathways regulating metal transport. These findings provide a mechanistic explanation for N‐induced species loss in temperate grasslands by linking metal mobilization in soil to differential metal acquisition and impacts on key functional groups in these ecosystems.
Experimental Study of Enhanced-Heavy-Oil Recovery in Berea Sandstone Cores by Use of Nanofluids Applications
Authors: Alomair Osamah A. , Matar Khaled M. , Alsaeed Yousef H. 
Published: July 2015

Summary
The application of nanotechnology in the oil industry has become a useful approach in oil production. The main objective of this study is to investigate the effect of nanofluids on the recovery of heavy crude oil compared with waterflooding. The nanofluids are prepared by the addition of pure and mixed nanoparticles—silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, nickel oxide, and titanium oxide—at different concentrations to the formation water. The prepared nanofluids were screened to determine the suitable type for the heavy oil and rock samples subjected to the study. The effect of nanofluids on the interfacial tension and viscosity of emulsion were also investigated. Nanofluid-flooding tests were performed on a heavy-oil sample of 17.45 °API by use of Berea sandstone core samples with average air permeability of 184 md, liquid permeability of 60 md, and porosity of 20%. After selection of the optimum type of nanofluid, additional tests were performed including effect on asphaltene precipitation by use of a flow-assurance system. Results from the experiments show that the aluminum oxide nanofluid at concentration of 0.05 wt% reduced the emulsion viscosity by 25%. The mixed nanofluid of silicon and aluminum oxides at 0.05 wt% has shown the highest incremental oil recovery among the other nanofluids. It is expected to be the best type of chemical flooding because of its performance in reservoir condition (high pressure, temperature, and water salinity) and its capability to oppose asphaltene precipitation.