bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implicit Low-Rank Riemannian Schemes for the Time Integration of Stiff Partial Differential Equations
Authors: Sutti Marco , Vandereycken Bart 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe propose two implicit numerical schemes for the low-rank time integration of stiff nonlinear partial differential equations. Our approach uses the preconditioned Riemannian trust-region method of Absil, Baker, and Gallivan, 2007. We demonstrate the efficiency of our method for solving the Allen–Cahn and the Fisher–KPP equations on the manifold of fixed-rank matrices. Our approach allows us to avoid the restriction on the time step typical of methods that use the fixed-point iteration to solve the inner nonlinear equations. Finally, we demonstrate the efficiency of the preconditioner on the same variational problems presented in Sutti and Vandereycken, 2021.
The P-ideal dichotomy, Martin’s axiom and entangled sets
Authors: Guzmán Osvaldo , Todorcevic Stevo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe build a model of the P-ideal ichotomy (PID) and Martin’s axiom for ω1 ($${\rm MA}_{{\omega}_1}$$

MA

ω

1

) in which there is a 2-entangled set of reals. In particular, it follows that the Open Graph Axiom or Baumgartner’s axiom for ω1-dense sets are not consequences of $${\rm PID} + {\rm MA}_{{\omega}_1}$$

PID

+

MA

ω

1

. We review Neeman’s iteration method using two type side conditions and provide an alternative proof for the preservation of properness.
Defect in Migration of HSPCs in Nox-2 Deficient Mice Explained by Impaired Activation of Nlrp3 Inflammasome and Impaired Formation of Membrane Lipid Rafts
Authors: Bujko Kamila , Adamiak Mateusz , Konopko Adrian , Chumak Vira , Ratajczak Janina , Brzezniakiewicz-Janus Katarzyna , Kucia Magdalena , Ratajczak Mariusz Z. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
NADPH oxidase 2 (Nox2), a superoxide-generating enzyme, is a source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that regulate the intracellular redox state, self-renewal, and fate of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs). Nox2 complex expressed on HSPCs associated with several activated cell membrane receptors increases the intracellular level of ROS. In addition, ROS are also released from mitochondria and, all together, are potent activators of intracellular pattern recognition receptor Nlrp3 inflammasome, which regulates the trafficking, proliferation, and metabolism of HSPCs. In the current study, we noticed that Nox2-deficient mice, despite the increased number of HSPCs in the bone marrow (BM), show hematopoietic defects illustrated by delayed recovery of peripheral blood (PB) hematopoietic parameters after sublethal irradiation and mobilize fewer HSPCs after administration of G-CSF and AMD3100. Moreover, Nox2-deficient HSPCs engraft poorly after transplantation into normal syngeneic recipients. To explain these defects at the molecular level, we hypothesized that Nox2-KO decreased ROS level does not efficiently activate Nlrp3 inflammasome, which plays a crucial role in regulating the trafficking of HSPCs. Herein, we report Nox2-deficient HSPCs display i) defective migration to major chemoattractant, ii) impaired intracellular activation of Nlrp3 inflammasome, and iii) a defect in membrane lipid raft (MLRs) formation that is required for a proper chemotactic response to pro-migratory factors. We conclude that Nox2-derived ROS enhances in Nlrp3 inflammasome-dependent manner HSPCs trafficking by facilitating MLRs assemble on the outer cell membranes, and defect in Nox2 expression results in impaired activation of Nlrp3 inflammasome, which affects HSPCs migration.

Graphical Abstract
Synthesis of silica-chitosan nanocomposite for the removal of pharmaceuticals from the aqueous solution
Authors: Gencer Balkis B. , Aksu A. , Ersoy Korkmaz N. , Taskin O. S. , Celen C. , Caglar Balkis N. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDiclofenac, ibuprofen, and carbamazepine are commonly used in medicine, and they have been frequently detected in aquatic environments. Since they cannot be fully treated in treatment plants and can threaten the lives of aquatic life, effective treatment methods are needed to remove they from wastewater and contaminated waters. The removal of these compounds from synthetic seawater was investigated by utilizing the super adsorbent property of silica-chitosan nanocomposite material synthesized using domestic chitosan. 1.25% (w/w), 2.5% (w/w), and 5% (w/w) silica-chitosan nanocomposite were prepared by the sol–gel method. Silica-chitosan nanocomposites were characterized by Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer (XRF), thermogravimetric analyses (TGA), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis. FTIR and XRF spectrums show that silica-chitosan composite formation has successfully been obtained since Si% is measured 77.26 in XRF and Si–O-Si groups on 1100 cm−1 in FTIR. The most successful synthesized nanocomposite was 2.5% (w/w) silica-chitosan aerogel. The adsorbent capacities were demonstrated at pH 5, 7, and 8.5 of 1561, 1445, and 1610 mg/g for carbamazepine; 395, 340, and 390 mg/g for diclofenac; 1649, 1553, and 1773 mg/g for ibuprofen, respectively. The ideal pH for the simultaneous removal of these three compounds in water was 8.5. Among these three pharmaceutical compounds, carbamazepine is the most efficiently (89.3%) removed from synthetic seawater. Adsorption isotherms were suitable with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models and adsorption kinetics proceeds were fitted well with a pseudo-second-order kinetic model of silica-chitosan nanocomposite for all pharmaceutical compounds (R2 > 0.9742).
Datenbasierte Entscheidungsfindung trifft Digitalisierung – Einblicke in die prozesshafte unterrichtliche Nutzung digitaler Lerndaten durch Grundschullehrkräfte
Authors: Hase Alina , Kuhl Poldi 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungGrundschullehrkräfte begegnen in ihrem Unterrichtsalltag einer großen Heterogenität. Die individuellen Lernbedürfnisse der Schüler:innen zu identifizieren und dafür passende Lösungen zu finden, kann für Lehrkräfte herausfordernd sein. Digitale Lernplattformen können hierbei Unterstützung bieten: Werden digitale Lernplattformen zum Üben im Unterricht eingesetzt, stehen der Lehrkraft anschließend vielfältige Daten über den Lernprozess ihrer Schüler:innen zur Verfügung. Aus den gewonnenen Informationen können sie Individualisierungs- und Differenzierungsmaßnahmen ableiten. Die Nutzung von Daten für Entscheidungen im Schul- und Unterrichtskontext, wird in der Forschung zur datenbasierten Entscheidungsfindung (data-based decision making) genauer betrachtet. So existieren bereits Ansätze, wie die Nutzung von Daten zur Entscheidungsfindung zirkulär und prozesshaft modelliert werden kann. Für den deutschsprachigen Kontext ist die prozesshafte Nutzung digitaler Daten zur Unterrichtsgestaltung jedoch noch weitgehend unerforscht. Mit diesem Beitrag wird eine explorative Studie vorgestellt, die Erkenntnisse zu der Frage beiträgt, wie Lehrkräfte Daten aus digitalen Lernplattformen weiterführend für ihre Unterrichtsgestaltung nutzen und wie diese Nutzung entlang des Kreislaufes der datenbasierten Entscheidungsfindung beschrieben werden kann. Die Beantwortung der Forschungsfrage erfolgt auf Grundlage eines qualitativen Forschungsdesigns mit einer Methodentriangulation aus Interviews, Lautem Denken und Beobachtungen. Dabei zeigt sich, dass die Nutzung von Daten aus digitalen Lernplattformen durch Grundschullehrkräfte entlang der fünf Schritte der datenbasierten Entscheidungsfindung beschrieben werden kann. So werden auch interindividuelle Unterschiede zwischen den Lehrkräften sichtbar. Einige Lehrkräfte betrachten nur die Daten, die von der Lernplattform in einem Dashboard zur Verfügung gestellt werden, ohne diese weiter zu verwenden. Andere Lehrkräfte interpretieren die Daten und ziehen hieraus Konsequenzen für ihre weitere Unterrichtsgestaltung. Die Erkenntnisse aus den Interviews, dem Verfahren des Lauten Denkens sowie der Unterrichtsbeobachtungen werden miteinander verzahnt und diskutiert. Abschließend werden Implikationen für die Bildungspraxis und -forschung abgeleitet.
Structural Racism and HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Use in the Nationwide US: A County-Level Analysis
Authors: Shi Fanghui , Mi Tianyue , Li Xiaoming , Ning Huan , Li Zhenlong , Yang Xueying 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Structural racism contributes to geographical inequalities in pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) coverage in the United States (US). This study aims to investigate county-level variability in PrEP utilization across diverse dimensions of structural racism.

Methods
The 2013–2021 nationwide county-level PrEP rate and PrEP-to-need ratio (PNR) data were retrieved from AIDSVu. PrEP rate was defined as the number of PrEP users per 100,000 population, and PNR was defined as the ratio of PrEP users to new HIV diagnoses per calendar year. Linear mixed effect regression was employed to identify associations of county-level structural racism (e.g., structural racism in housing and socioeconomic status) with PrEP rate and PNR on a nationwide scale of the US.

Results
From 2013 to 2021, the mean PrEP rate and PNR increased from 3.62 to 71.10 and from 0.39 to 10.20, respectively. Counties with more structural racism in housing were more likely to have low PrEP rates (adjusted β =  − 5.80, 95% CI [− 8.84, − 2.75]). Higher PNR was found in counties with lower structural racism in socioeconomic status (adjusted β =  − 2.64, 95% CI [− 3.68, − 1.61]). Regionally, compared to the Midwest region, counties in the West region were more likely to have higher PrEP rate (adjusted β = 30.99, 95% CI [22.19, 39.80]), and counties in the South had lower PNR (adjusted β =  − 1.87, 95% CI [− 2.57, − 1.17]).

Conclusions
County-level structural racism plays a crucial role in understanding the challenges of scaling up PrEP coverage. The findings underscore the importance of tailored strategies across different regions and provide valuable insights for future interventions to optimize PrEP implementation.
Tips for Harnessing the Educational Potential of Tumor Boards for Medical Students
Authors: Lawson McLean Aaron , Lawson McLean Anna C. , Hartinger Stefanie , Hammersen Jakob , Drescher Robert , Schuldt Salome , Senft Christian , Mäurer Matthias , Kamp Marcel A. , Mäurer Irina 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper explores the underutilized educational potential of tumor boards as a platform for medical student education. Acknowledging the complexity and multidisciplinary nature of tumor boards, we propose 12 strategic interventions aimed at integrating undergraduate medical students into these meetings to enhance their learning experience. These strategies emphasize active student engagement, critical analysis, patient interaction, reflective practice, and the integration of digital learning tools, with a focus on fostering an in-depth understanding of team-based, patient-focused oncology care. The approach advocates for the inclusion of medical students in tumor board discussions, not merely as observers but as active participants, thereby providing them with a unique, real-world learning environment. By doing so, the paper argues for the significant benefits of such involvement, including improved understanding of evidence-based practice, patient-centered care, ethical considerations, and the dynamics of interprofessional collaboration. This integrated educational model aims to prepare future physicians with the competencies necessary for effective participation in interdisciplinary healthcare teams, highlighting the importance of experiential learning in the context of oncology and beyond. The strategies outlined in this paper offer a roadmap for medical educators seeking to enhance the educational value of tumor boards and contribute to the development of a collaborative, informed, and empathetic oncology workforce.
Tropical adic spaces I: the continuous spectrum of a topological semiring
Authors: Friedenberg Netanel , Mincheva Kalina 
Published: August 2024

AbstractToward building tropical analogues of adic spaces, we study certain spaces of prime congruences as a topological semiring replacement for the space of continuous valuations on a topological ring. This requires building the theory of topological idempotent semirings, and we consider semirings of convergent power series as a primary example. We consider the semiring of convergent power series as a topological space by defining a metric on it. We check that, in tropical toric cases, the proposed objects carry meaningful geometric information. In particular, we show that the dimension behaves as expected. We give an explicit characterization of the points in terms of classical polyhedral geometry in a follow-up paper.
Environmental Restoration of Contaminated Sediment and Soils: The Role of Organic Amendments in PAH Remediation
Authors: Beljin Jelena , Đukanović Nina , Rončević Srđan , Isakovski Marijana Kragulj , Maletić Snežana 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous; persistent environmental pollutants generated mostly during the incomplete combustion of organic materials. Because of the dangers that bioavailable PAH fraction pose to receptors, the necessity of the site, the degree of exposure, and the potential for toxicity, remediation of PAH-contaminated locations is crucial. Recent findings suggest that organic amendments, such as compost, manure, and cover crops, play a crucial role in improving soil/sediment health by increasing organic matter content, enhancing structure, fostering beneficial microbial activity, and removing the pollutants. Moreover, they contribute to nutrient cycling and retention, reducing the need for synthetic fertilizers, and mitigating their adverse effects on the environment. In summary, it is considered that organic amendments offer promising solutions for sustainable remediation, restoration, and agriculture practise, promoting soil/sediment health and productivity while reducing environmental impacts. However, there remains a critical gap in understanding the effects of these materials, their preparation and application into the environment on groundwater quality, and their long-term impacts on sediment, water, and soil quality. This review paper aims to identify future research directions and open further questions based on what has been published so far in this area.
Graphical Abstract
Digital Experiences of Mathematical Cognitive Functions in Learning the Basic Concepts of General Topology
Authors: Albano Giovannina , Antonini Samuele , Miranda Annamaria 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper aims at defining and exploring design principles in a distance technological setting for an educational activity for mathematics undergraduate students, devoted to the construction of basic concepts in general topology, the promotion of problem-solving processes, the development of metacognitive aspects, and, in general, the development of the students’ mathematical identity. The design exploits the production of examples and investigation of variations and invariants, exploration of problems and generation of conjectures, and an extension intertwining of the ‘inside-out’ model from the Digital Interactive Storytelling in Mathematics with the Thinking Classroom model at university education. We present a didactic activity based on the identified design principles and discuss the preliminary results of a pilot carried out with fifty mathematics undergraduate students, attending their second year of the mathematics degree.
Blade-Coated Porous 3D Carbon Composite Electrodes Coupled with Multiscale Interfaces for Highly Sensitive All-Paper Pressure Sensors
Authors: Zheng Bowen , Guo Ruisheng , Dou Xiaoqiang , Fu Yueqing , Yang Bingjun , Liu Xuqing , Zhou Feng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFlexible and wearable pressure sensors hold immense promise for health monitoring, covering disease detection and postoperative rehabilitation. Developing pressure sensors with high sensitivity, wide detection range, and cost-effectiveness is paramount. By leveraging paper for its sustainability, biocompatibility, and inherent porous structure, herein, a solution-processed all-paper resistive pressure sensor is designed with outstanding performance. A ternary composite paste, comprising a compressible 3D carbon skeleton, conductive polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate), and cohesive carbon nanotubes, is blade-coated on paper and naturally dried to form the porous composite electrode with hierachical micro- and nano-structured surface. Combined with screen-printed Cu electrodes in submillimeter finger widths on rough paper, this creates a multiscale hierarchical contact interface between electrodes, significantly enhancing sensitivity (1014 kPa−1) and expanding the detection range (up to 300 kPa) of as-resulted all-paper pressure sensor with low detection limit and power consumption. Its versatility ranges from subtle wrist pulses, robust finger taps, to large-area spatial force detection, highlighting its intricate submillimeter-micrometer-nanometer hierarchical interface and nanometer porosity in the composite electrode. Ultimately, this all-paper resistive pressure sensor, with its superior sensing capabilities, large-scale fabrication potential, and cost-effectiveness, paves the way for next-generation wearable electronics, ushering in an era of advanced, sustainable technological solutions.
Dynamic topic modelling for exploring the scientific literature on coronavirus: an unsupervised labelling technique
Authors: Guillén-Pacho Ibai , Badenes-Olmedo Carlos , Corcho Oscar 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe work presented in this article focusses on improving the interpretability of probabilistic topic models created from a large collection of scientific documents that evolve over time. Several time-dependent approaches based on topic models were compared to analyse the annual evolution of latent concepts in the CORD-19 corpus: Dynamic Topic Model, Dynamic Embedded Topic Model, and BERTopic. Then COVID-19 period (December 2019–present) has been analysed in greater depth, month by month, to explore the evolution of what is written about the disease. The evaluations suggest that the Dynamic Topic Model is the best choice to analyse the CORD-19 corpus. A novel topic labelling strategy is proposed for dynamic topic models to analyse the evolution of latent concepts. It incorporates content changes in both the annual evolution of the corpus and the monthly evolution of the COVID-19 disease. The generated labels are manually validated using two approaches: through the most relevant documents on the topic and through the documents that share the most semantically similar label topics. The labelling enables the interpretation of topics. The novel method for dynamic topic labelling fits the content of each topic and supports the semantics of the topics.
Cross-species substitution matrix comparison of Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) with medicinal plant isolates
Authors: Arif Muhammad 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe main objective of this study was to estimate and compare substitution matrixes of nucleotide frequencies for Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) with recently identified begomoviral isolates from two medicinal false daisy (Eclipta prostrata) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants. The ToLCNDV has become a significant limitation to vegetables production in many countries. A polymerase chain reaction was conducted to conserve the existence of begomoviral infection. The acquired amplicon was amplified using primers appropriate to the sequence in order to retrieve the full genome. The sequence analysis has confirmed the presence of ToLCNDV in symptomatic plants. The complete genome sequence having a 2.6–2.7 kb entire genome of ToLCNDV was obtained. An investigation of the phylogenetic and evolutionary history has verified the connection between this virus and other closely related viruses. The available nucleotide frequencies of codon regions (A, T/U, C, G) with newly isolates revealed 20–28% substitution matrixes. There was a minimal difference of nucleotide frequencies’ with already submitted database of this virus. Substitution matrixes, which quantify the probability of nucleotide substitutions evolving over a period of time, offer valuable information about mutation patterns and the forces driving evolution. This comparative analysis enhanced the comprehension of the genetic diversity of ToLCNDV and its possible consequences on medicinal plants. It also assisted in the formulation of efficient control measures and the preservation of begomoviruses in medicinal plant biodiversity. The information presented here is highly valuable for understanding the ToLCNDV biology and epidemiology, and it would also assist in disease management in the future.
Opportunities and limitations for social justice in Germany’s climate adaptation policy
Authors: Teebken Julia 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn the quest for (more) effective adaptation, demands are rising in adaptation policy practitioners to address systemic injustices. In practice, however, adaptation incrementalism dominates, i.e. small-scale, reactive solutions, especially as it relates to addressing vulnerable populations. Germany is exemplary of these tensions. Little research investigates the larger context factors which impede the root causes of vulnerability from being addressed, how to transition away from incrementalism, and the role environmental agencies can play in this. Applying historical materialist policy analysis, the article follows a three-step approach which examines context, actors, and processes. The context analysis demonstrates how effective means for social redistribution were reduced since the mid-1980s in Germany’s capitalist welfare state. This corresponds with heightened social vulnerability to climate change. The actor landscape is diversifying. In the past, social policy actors (and tasks) were underrepresented but are becoming more important. The policy process indicates a greater focus on vulnerable populations. Yet, the understanding of the structural root causes of peoples’ vulnerability and financial resources of the policy field remain limited. This corresponds with informatory instruments of shallow depth. An improved root cause analytic coupled with new alliances and policy mixes are a good starting point towards greater social justice in adaptation.