bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Module and Vessel Interaction Analysis for Module Ocean Transportation
Authors: Liu Zhonghui , Hai Xin , Ji Andy , Liang Chun , Cheng Yinguo 
Published: November 2013

Bechtel has been contracted for and is in the process of executing multiple onshore Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Engineering, Procurement, and Construction (EPC) projects utilizing the modular construction strategy. Modules and associated pieces of equipment have to be shipped to the job site from various manufacturing and fabrication facilities across open oceans.
Naval Architects play a key role to assure safe and effective module ocean transportation. Primary naval architectural work consists of a routing study, module design criteria definition, ballasting and stability analysis, grillage and seafastening design, transportation vessel selection and support for module load out and load in.
The main challenge is to make the modules, which are originally designed for onshore assembly, sound for ocean transportation. Therefore, module design criteria related to ocean transportation become crucial. Among these criteria, the wave induced inertia loads and vessel deflection have great impact on designed module structure integrity. In order to define inertia loads and deflection appropriately, the interface between vessel and module becomes a main concern. It raises the question of whether the transport vessel and module should be fully integrated. It also increases complexity of the hydrodynamic interaction, which has been demonstrated by widely divergent methods used to address the interface issue in offshore industry. More importantly, whether or not the interface is thoroughly taken into account is critical to successful module design and fully meeting the Marine Warranty requirements. In order to achieve safe and economic module design, a direct method of integrating vessel and module is considered preferable in analysis and design when the inertia effects and structure hydrodynamic response are significant.
This paper will provide an overview of integrated vessel and module interaction analysis for the module ocean transportation and focus on the method and procedure of how Bechtel performs analyses: i) spectral motion analysis with a fully coupled constitutive model and ii) vessel and module interaction analysis utilizing an integrated 3D model with fully hydrodynamic loads transferred. In order to determine realistic extreme load case, the equivalent design wave selection will be addressed as well.
VIV Response of a Subsea Jumper in Uniform Current
Authors: Wang Howard , Huang Jerry , Lee Sungho , Gioielli Paulo , Kan Wan , Spencer Don , Islam Mohammed 
Published: November 2013

Subsea jumpers are susceptible to in-line and/or cross-flow vortex induced vibration (VIV) fatigue damage due to sea bottom currents. However, there is no proven industry standard design analysis methodology currently available specifically for assessing subsea jumper VIV response.
In 2012, ExxonMobil conducted a jumper VIV model test to assess the validity of potential jumper VIV prediction approaches. A towing test rig was used to expose a small scale jumper model to flow conditions simulating uniform bottom currents. The jumper model was instrumented to acquire acceleration, bending strain and end connection load data. Several accelerometers and strain gauges were installed to enable reconstruction of static and dynamic deformations and bending deflections along the jumper model. Towing tests at different orientations and tow speeds were performed on both a bare pipe model and a straked pipe model. The data were analyzed to examine the frequencies and amplitudes of the jumper vibration. The data from these experiments provide a benchmark for validating jumper VIV prediction approaches.
In this paper, the model test program is presented including model testing philosophy, jumper design and fabrication, and high level model test results.
Estimation of Critical Platform Integrity Parameters in the Absence of Direct Measurements in the Context of Integrated Marine Monitoring Systems
Authors: Maroju Soma , Delaney Kevin , Leon Christopher , Prislin Igor 
Published: November 2013

Integrated Marine Monitoring Systems (IMMS) are designed to help operators to reduce operational risk by providing information about the environment and the platform responses in real time. In spite of efforts to keep monitoring systems in working condition by following planned maintenance and upgrades, some sensors may fail intermittently or may generate spurious data. Quite often, intervention to repair or to replace a faulty sensor is either difficult, or even not feasible.
This paper discusses various methods to estimate critical platform integrity parameters with satisfactory confidence in the cases when direct measurements are temporarily unavailable or questionable. Methods such as Artificial Neural Network and Extended Kalman Filter have been employed and specifically tuned to particular challenges.
Estimated results for the missing data, such as platform position or riser loads, are reliable as they have been validated against historically good data.
The merit of the paper is to present the methods that can increase reliability of the IMMS, enhance safety, reduce operational risk and decrease cost in maintaining expensive offshore systems.
Low Speed Ship Manoeuvrability: Mathematical Model and its Simulation
Authors: Oh Kyoung-Gun , Hasegawa Kazuhiko 
Published: November 2013

In case of offshore support vessels, it is quite important for their behaviours in low speed manoeuvrability. It is not easy to operate offshore support vessels and it raises an importance to train crew by a ship handling simulator. Therefore it is quite hot issue for ship handling simulator vendors to provide mathematical model of support vessels, but from the users’ point-of-view the model used for the simulator is not clear. Up to now some mathematical models are proposed in the literature, but the validation is not yet done carefully. For example, cross flow model is the main part for hydrodynamic force in low speed ship manoeuvring. From model ship experiments of various types of ships and from some comparison study, it is found that further discussion is necessary. In this paper, sway force and yaw moment as well as surge force will be treated in low speed condition with certain sway and yaw motions. There are many experiment results for such hydrodynamic forces and moment, especially for sway force and yaw moment, for sway motion, but those for yaw motion is quite limited.
In this paper, such hydrodynamic forces and moment for both sway and yaw motions are calculated and validated with experiment results. Some manoeuvring simulation will also demonstrate which terms and/or expressions in the mathematical model are affecting the motion.
Effect of Reeling Installation on Weld Residual Stress in Pipeline Girth Welds
Authors: Sriskandarajah T. , Roberts Graeme , Zhou Daowu 
Published: November 2013

A characteristic of pipeline installation by the reeling technique is the generation of high plastic strain around the majority of the pipeline’s circumference as it is spooled onto a drum, under displacement controlled conditions. It is well-known that the application of sufficiently high amounts of mechanical or thermal energy will “anneal” (relax) weld residual stresses and, therefore, under the gross plasticity experienced during reeling it should be expected that initial girth weld residual stresses will be entirely relaxed during the first reel cycle.
The residual stress state needs to be taken into account in Engineering Critical Assessment (ECA) procedures of girth welds when predicting allowable defect dimensions. ECA codes such as DNV-OS-F101 and BS7910 assume the welding residual stress to be equal to the yield strength of the parent material and relaxation of welding residual stress under overload is allowed. However, the treatment specified in DNV is established from load-controlled scenarios and may result in un-realistic allowable defect dimensions in displacement-controlled situations such as reeling.
Welding residual stress in reeling ECA is concerning to the subsea pipeline industry. By performing reeling simulations with 3D finite element analyses (FEA), this paper examines the welding residual stress before and after reeling and assesses the extent of residual stress relaxation. It was found that reeling axial strain causes significant relaxation of the weld residual stress at the pipe intrados and extrados. At the saddle points there is a slight disruption to the residual stress field. The full weld residual stress is relaxed from a value equal to the material yield stress, and is replaced by a plastic deformation induced stress of much lower magnitude, typically in the order of 100 MPa or less. The plastic deformation stress is of equal magnitude whether or not the pipe section contains initial weld residual stress and, therefore, it is concluded that weld residual stress can be ignored following the first reel cycle.
Research on Wind Wave Considering Nonlinear Dispersion Effect
Authors: Shu Xiejun , Hou Peng , Zhuang Hua , Zhao Mingli 
Published: November 2013

Understanding of the offshore wind wave status plays a guiding role in surrounding marine engineering constructions, marine traffic, sea farming, etc. Further study is beneficial to marine economy development, as well as to the academic value of wave theory.
This paper primarily introduces the deduction of new wind wave growth relations. Firstly, a new relation formula between wave steepness and wave age was deduced by combining the 3/2 power law developed by Toba with the nonlinear dispersion relation deduced by Li, and by ignoring the effect of water depth. And when the higher-order term was ignored, the relation formula can be simplified as that based on linear dispersion. Secondly, based on the combination of this new relation formula with the significant wave energy balance equation, new wind wave growth relation formulae including the wave non-linear dispersion effect were deduced. When the deduced growth relation formulae were applied in offshore area of Jiangsu incorporating with Mitsuyasu’s empirical formula about the open sea fetch and wind speed, accurate open sea wave parameters of Jiangsu can be formulated by only considering one parameter, such as wind speed. Overall, as this methodology avoided the uncertainty about the fetch of open ocean and operation error during the calculation process, results gained from this report had higher accuracy than other published formulae, and results were validated by NCEP reanalyzing data of Jiangsu offshore area and other researches.
Real-Time Riser Fatigue Monitoring Routine: Architecture, Data and Results
Authors: McNeill Scot , Agarwal Puneet , Kluk Dan , Bhalla Kenneth , Saruhashi Tomokazu , Sawada Ikuo , Kyo Masanori , Miyazaki Eigo , Yamazaki Yasuyuki 
Published: November 2013

Recently, the Modal Decomposition and Reconstruction (MDR) algorithm was developed to accurately estimate fatigue damage in marine risers based on measured acceleration and angular rates at several locations. The greatest benefit for drilling risers can be derived by incorporating the method in an online, fully automated system. In this way, fatigue damage estimates are available to the crew on the rig in real-time for risk quantification and mitigation.
To this end, the MDR routine was implemented for online assessment of fatigue damage along the entire riser from acceleration and angular rate measurements at typically 5–10 elevations. This paper discusses the architecture, highlights some measured data and provides results for modes, stress and fatigue damage rate for the Chikyu drilling vessel during two scientific drilling campaigns. These campaigns occurred at the Shimokita site (1180-meter water depth) and the Nankai trough site (1939-meter water depth). To the authors’ knowledge, real-time fatigue monitoring of the entire riser has not been accomplished previously.
Robust incorporation of the MDR algorithm into an online computational environment is detailed, including incorporation of top tension and mud weight data from the rig, detection and removal of data errors, and streamlined flow of the data through the computational modules. Subsequently, it is shown by example how the measured accelerations and angular rates are used to determine excited modes, participating modes, stress distribution and fatigue damage along the entire Chikyu drilling riser in an online setting.
The technology highlighted advances riser integrity management two steps forward by first using measured data at 5–10 locations and the MDR algorithm to reconstruct stress and fatigue damage along the entire riser, and secondly integrating this approach into a fully automated, real-time computational environment. As a result, drilling engineers are empowered with a tool that provides real-time data on the integrity of the drilling riser, enabling informed decisions to be made in adverse current or wave conditions. Measured data also serves as a benchmark for analytical model calibration activities, reducing conservatism in stress and fatigue in future deployments. Furthermore, cumulative fatigue damage can be tracked in each riser joint, enabling more effective joint rotation and inspection programs.
Clinical Experience of Colistin-Glycopeptide Combination in Critically Ill Patients Infected with Gram-Negative Bacteria
Authors: Petrosillo Nicola , Giannella Maddalena , Antonelli Massimo , Antonini Mario , Barsic Bruno , Belancic Laura , Inkaya A. Cagkan , De Pascale Gennaro , Grilli Elisabetta , Tumbarello Mario , Akova Murat 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT

A colistin-glycopeptide combination (CGC) has been shown
in vitro
to be synergistic against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (MDR GNB), especially
Acinetobacter baumannii
, and to prevent further resistance. However, clinical data are lacking. We carried out a retrospective multicenter study of patients hospitalized in intensive care units (ICUs) who received colistin for GNB infection over a 1-year period, to assess the rates of nephrotoxicity and 30-day mortality after treatment onset among patients treated with and without CGC for ≥48 h. Of the 184 patients treated with colistin, GNB infection was documented for 166. The main causative agents were MDR
A. baumannii
(59.6%), MDR
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
(18.7%), and carbapenem-resistant
Klebsiella pneumoniae
(14.5%); in 16.9% of patients, a Gram-positive bacterium (GPB) coinfection was documented. Overall, 68 patients (40.9%) received CGC. Comparison of patients treated with and without CGC showed significant differences for respiratory failure (39.7% versus 58.2%), ventilator-associated pneumonia (54.4% versus 71.4%), MDR
A. baumannii
infection (70.6% versus 52%), and GPB coinfection (41.2% versus 0%); there were no differences for nephrotoxicity (11.8% versus 13.3%) and 30-day mortality (33.8% versus 29.6%). Cox analysis performed on patients who survived for ≥5 days after treatment onset showed that the Charlson index (hazard ratio [HR], 1.26; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01 to 1.44;
P
= 0.001) and MDR
A. baumannii
infection (HR, 2.51; 95% CI, 1.23 to 5.12;
P
= 0.01) were independent predictors of 30-day mortality, whereas receiving CGC for ≥5 days was a protective factor (HR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.19 to 0.93;
P
= 0.03). We found that CGC was not associated with higher nephrotoxicity and was a protective factor for mortality if administered for ≥5 days.
Antimicrobial Activity of Solithromycin against Clinical Isolates of Legionella pneumophila Serogroup 1
Authors: Mallegol Julia , Fernandes Prabhavathi , Melano Roberto G. , Guyard Cyril 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT

The activity of solithromycin was evaluated against clinical
Legionella pneumophila
serogroup 1 (Lp1) isolates (
n
= 196) collected in Ontario, Canada, from 1980 to 2011. Its
in vitro
activity was compared to that of azithromycin (AZM) using the broth microdilution method. Solithromycin had a MIC
50
of ≤0.015 μg/ml and a MIC
90
of 0.031 μg/ml, making its activity at least 8-fold to 32-fold higher than that of AZM (MIC
50
and MIC
90
, 0.125 μg/ml and 1 μg/ml, respectively). Ninety-nine percent of the isolates had MICs for solithromycin ranging from ≤0.015 μg/ml to 0.031 μg/ml, whereas 83.6% of the isolates showed MICs for AZM ranging from 0.062 μg/ml to 0.25 μg/ml. Interestingly, 96.7% (30 out of 31 clinical isolates) identified with higher AZM MICs (0.5 μg/ml to 2 μg/ml) belonged to the clinically prevalent sequence type 1. To investigate the intracellular activity of solithromycin,
in vitro
invasion assays were also performed against a subset of representative Lp1 isolates internalized within human lung epithelial cells. Solithromycin and AZM both inhibited growth of all intracellular Lp1 isolates at 1× or 8× MICs, displaying bacteriostatic effects, as would be expected with protein synthesis inhibitor rather than bactericidal activity. Solithromycin demonstrated the highest
in vitro
and intracellular potency against all Lp1 isolates compared to AZM. Given the rapid spread of resistance mechanisms among respiratory pathogens and the reported treatment failures in legionellosis, the development of this new fluoroketolide, already in phase 3 oral clinical studies, constitutes a promising alternative option for the treatment of legionellosis.
More Complications Occur in Macrolide-Resistant than in Macrolide-Sensitive Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pneumonia
Authors: Zhou Yunlian , Zhang Yuanyuan , Sheng Yuanjian , Zhang Li , Shen Zheng , Chen Zhimin 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT

We sought to understand the situation of macrolide-resistant genotypes of
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
, and analyze the relationship between macrolide-resistant genotypes and clinical manifestations of
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
pneumonia (MPP). Full-length sequencing of the 23S rRNA gene of
M. pneumoniae
was performed in 235 nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs) from children with MPP. We also retrospectively compared the clinical characteristics of macrolide-resistant (MR)
M. pneumoniae
infections and macrolide-sensitive (MS)
M. pneumoniae
infections. A total of 206 patients had point mutations in the
M. pneumoniae
23S rRNA gene, and these patients are referred to as MR patients. The remaining 29 patients without point mutations are referred to as MS patients. Among 206 MR patients, 199 (96.6%) had A2063G mutations, 6 had A2063T mutations, and the remaining patients had an A2064G mutation. Among the clinical manifestations, we found that the median fever durations were 8 days (range, 0 to 42 days) and 6 days (0 to 14 days) (
P
< 0.01), the median hospitalization durations were 8 days (2 to 45 days) and 6 days (3 to 16 days) (
P
< 0.01), and the median fever durations after macrolide therapy were 5 days (0 to 42 days) and 3 days (0 to 10 days) (
P
< 0.01), respectively, in the MR and MS groups. We also found that the incidence of extrapulmonary complications in the MR group was significantly higher than that in the MS group (
P
< 0.05). Moreover, the radiological findings were more serious in the MR group than in the MS group (
P
< 0.05). The increasing prevalence of MR
M. pneumoniae
has become a significant clinical issue in the pediatric patients, which may lead to more extrapulmonary complications and severe clinical features and radiological manifestations.
Contribution of β-Lactamases and Porin Proteins OmpK35 and OmpK36 to Carbapenem Resistance in Clinical Isolates of KPC-2-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Zhang Ying , Jiang Xiaofei , Wang Yanyan , Li Gang , Tian Yueru , Liu Hong , Ai Fuqi , Ma Yiming , Wang Bei , Ruan Feiyi , Rajakumar Kumar 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT

Fifty-seven carbapenem-resistant
Klebsiella pneumoniae
isolates belonging to ST11 (50 isolates), ST423 (5 isolates), and two other sequence types were studied. All were positive for
bla
KPC-2
,
bla
TEM-1
, and
bla
CTX-M-14
. SDS-PAGE analysis of six representative isolates demonstrated varied porin expression. Nevertheless, when
bla
KPC-2
was deleted, carbapenem resistance was markedly reduced. Additionally, SHV-12, DHA-1, and/or VIM-1 appeared to contribute to accessory carbapenemase activity. In contrast, OmpK35 and/or OmpK36 deficiency seemed to serve only as a minor cooperative factor.
The Vps/VacJ ABC Transporter Is Required for Intercellular Spread of Shigella flexneri
Authors: Carpenter Chandra D. , Cooley Benjamin J. , Needham Brittany D. , Fisher Carolyn R. , Trent M. Stephen , Gordon Vernita , Payne Shelley M. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT

The Vps/VacJ ABC transporter system is proposed to function in maintaining the lipid asymmetry of the outer membrane. Mutations in
vps
or
vacJ
in
Shigella flexneri
resulted in increased sensitivity to lysis by the detergent sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and the
vpsC
mutant showed minor differences in its phospholipid profile compared to the wild type.
vpsC
mutants were unable to form plaques in cultured epithelial cells, but this was not due to a failure to invade, to replicate intracellularly, or to polymerize actin via IcsA for movement within epithelial cells. The addition of the outer membrane phospholipase gene
pldA
on a multicopy plasmid in a
vpsC
or
vacJ
mutant restored its resistance to SDS, suggesting a restoration of lipid asymmetry to the outer membrane. However, the
pldA
plasmid did not restore the mutant's ability to form plaques in tissue culture cells. Increased PldA levels also failed to restore the mutant's phospholipid profile to that of the wild type. We propose a dual function of the Vps/VacJ ABC transporter system in
S. flexneri
in both the maintenance of lipid asymmetry in the outer membrane and the intercellular spread of the bacteria between adjacent epithelial cells.
An Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 Missense Mutant Colonizes the Streptomycin-Treated Mouse Intestine Better than the Wild Type but Is Not a Better Probiotic
Authors: Adediran Jimmy , Leatham-Jensen Mary P. , Mokszycki Matthew E. , Frimodt-Møller Jakob , Krogfelt Karen A. , Kazmierczak Krystyna , Kenney Linda J. , Conway Tyrrell , Cohen Paul S. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT

Previously we reported that the streptomycin-treated mouse intestine selected for two different
Escherichia coli
MG1655 mutants with improved colonizing ability: nonmotile
E. coli
MG1655
flhDC
deletion mutants that grew 15% faster
in vitro
in mouse cecal mucus and motile
E. coli
MG1655
envZ
missense mutants that grew slower
in vitro
in mouse cecal mucus yet were able to cocolonize with the faster-growing
flhDC
mutants. The
E. coli
MG1655
envZ
gene encodes a histidine kinase that is a member of the
envZ-ompR
two-component signal transduction system, which regulates outer membrane protein profiles. In the present investigation, the
envZ
P41L
gene was transferred from the intestinally selected
E. coli
MG1655 mutant to
E. coli
Nissle 1917, a human probiotic strain used to treat gastrointestinal infections. Both the
E. coli
MG1655 and
E. coli
Nissle 1917 strains containing
envZ
P41L
produced more phosphorylated OmpR than their parents. The
E. coli
Nissle 1917 strain containing
envZ
P41L
also became more resistant to bile salts and colicin V and grew 50% slower
in vitro
in mucus and 15% to 30% slower on several sugars present in mucus, yet it was a 10-fold better colonizer than
E. coli
Nissle 1917. However,
E. coli
Nissle 1917
envZ
P41L
was not better at preventing colonization by enterohemorrhagic
E. coli
EDL933. The data can be explained according to our “restaurant” hypothesis for commensal
E. coli
strains, i.e., that they colonize the intestine as sessile members of mixed biofilms, obtaining the sugars they need for growth locally, but compete for sugars with invading
E. coli
pathogens planktonically.