bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of mild cognitive impairment subtypes in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Cholerton Brenna A. , Zabetian Cyrus P. , Wan Jia Y. , Montine Thomas J. , Quinn Joseph F. , Mata Ignacio F. , Chung Kathryn A. , Peterson Amie , Espay Alberto J. , Revilla Fredy J. , Devoto Johnna , Watson G. Stennis , Hu Shu‐Ching , Leverenz James B. , Edwards Karen L. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTMild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease (PD‐MCI) is common and increases the risk for dementia. Establishing distinct PD‐MCI cognitive subtypes could be valuable for eventually predicting those most likely to convert to dementia. However, the study of PD‐MCI subtypes has not yielded consistent results among cohorts. To determine whether there are distinct cognitive subtypes among participants diagnosed with PD‐MCI in the Pacific Northwest Udall Center Clinical Consortium, we cognitively subtyped 95 patients with PD‐MCI, using the Movement Disorders Society Task Force diagnostic guidelines. Psychometric test scores were then subjected to principle components factor analysis to determine whether similar cognitive subgroups could be identified using statistical methodology. Multiple‐domain PD‐MCI was diagnosed in 95% of the sample, and a range of cognitive impairments were noted. Factor analysis yielded seven factors and demonstrated overlap of phonemic verbal fluency on two factors, as well as the loading of verbal fluency on the same factor as a visuospatial measure; however, these factors did not partition the sample into distinct cognitive subtypes. Separation of cognitive subtypes based on the current PD‐MCI criteria, or via statistical methods, may not provide sufficient information to describe distinct PD groups. Future efforts to validate the PD‐MCI criteria and identify combinations of genetic or other risk factors for cognitive impairment are warranted. © 2014 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Obstetric fistula in a district hospital in DR Congo: Fistula still occur despite access to caesarean section
Authors: Loposso Matthieu Nkumu , Ndundu Jean , De Win Gunter , Ost Dieter , Punga Augustin Maole , De Ridder Dirk 
Published: April 2014

ObjectiveTo study the profile of classification, etiology, and the relation between initial classification, and the results of vesicovaginal fistula surgery in a district hospital in DR Congo.MethodsThis study was based on the analysis of all consecutive patients being treated for VVF in Kisantu between November 2006 and November 2012. The fistula was classified according to the classification of Waaldijk. The location of VVF and degree of fibrosis were noted. Post‐operatively, the first examination of patients took place a few days after catheter removal and subsequent review 2–3 months later.Statistical analysis was done in Graphpad Prism 6.ResultsAmong 146 patients with VVF, 117 had a primary fistula. The majority of fistula was type I (56%) followed by type III (21%). The majority underwent a caesarean section (63.4%). The mean duration of labor was 30.7 hr. Delay in getting a caesarean in time was due to difficulties in reaching the hospital in 55%. Overall, the closure rate after the first surgical treatment was 65%. The continence rate of the patients with a successful closure was 63%.ConclusionVVF can occur after caesarean section because of the prolonged labor that already causes ischemia and necrosis of the bladder wall and vesicovaginal septum before or while the caesarean section is being performed. Access to general hospitals and the management of the pregnant women needs to be improved. Despite a reasonable closure rate of 65%, post‐fistula incontinence remains an important clinical problem. Neurourol. Urodynam. 34:434–437, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Review of Tolvaptan for Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease
Authors: Baur Brian P. , Meaney Calvin J. 
Published: April 2014

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is characterized by bilateral renal cysts, kidney pain, hypertension, and progressive loss of renal function. It is a leading cause of end‐stage renal disease and the most common inherited kidney disease in the United States. Despite its prevalence, disease‐modifying treatment options do not currently exist. Tolvaptan is an orally active, selective arginine vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist already in use for hyponatremia. Tolvaptan exhibits dose‐proportional pharmacokinetics with a half‐life of ~12 hours. Metabolism occurs through the cytochrome P450 3A4 isoenzyme, and tolvaptan is a substrate for P‐glycoprotein, resulting in numerous drug interactions. Recent research has highlighted the beneficial effect of tolvaptan on delaying the progression of ADPKD, which is the focus of this review. Pharmacologic, preclinical, and phase II and III clinical trial studies have demonstrated that tolvaptan is an effective treatment option that targets underlying pathogenic mechanisms of ADPKD. Tolvaptan delays the increase in total kidney volume (surrogate marker for disease progression), slows the decline in renal function, and reduces kidney pain. However, tolvaptan has significant adverse effects including aquaretic effects (polyuria, nocturia, polydipsia) and elevation of aminotransferase enzyme concentrations with the potential for acute liver failure. Appropriate patient selection is critical to optimize long‐term benefits while minimizing adverse effects and hepatotoxic risk factors. Overall, tolvaptan is the first pharmacotherapeutic intervention to demonstrate significant benefit in the treatment of ADPKD, but practitioners and regulatory agencies must carefully weigh the risks versus benefits. Additional research should focus on incidence and risk factors of liver injury, cost‐effectiveness, clinical management of drug–drug interactions, and long‐term disease outcomes.
Proteomic analysis of patient tissue reveals PSA protein in the stroma of benign prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: O'Malley Katherine J. , Eisermann Kurtis , Pascal Laura E. , Parwani Anil V. , Majima Tsuyoshi , Graham Lara , Hrebinko Katherine , Acquafondata Marie , Stewart Nicolas A. , Nelson Joel B. , Yoshimura Naoki , Wang Zhou 
Published: April 2014

BACKGROUNDBenign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is an age‐related disease frequently associated with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) that involves hyperplasia of both epithelial and stromal cells. Stromal fibrosis is a distinctive feature of BPH, but the exact mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are poorly understood.METHODSIn the current study, proteomics analyses were utilized to identify proteins altered in the BPH stromal compartment from patients with symptomatic BPH. Stromal cells were isolated from histological nodules of BPH by laser capture microdissection (LCM) and subjected to liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry.RESULTSProteins identified included several stromal‐specific proteins involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, focal adhesion, and cellular junctions. Additionally, the proteomics array identified the presence of luminal epithelial secretory protein PSA. Immunostaining, ELISA, and in situ hybridization analyses of BPH tissues verified the presence of PSA protein but absence of PSA mRNA in the stromal compartment. E‐cadherin was down‐regulated in BPH epithelial cells compared to normal adjacent tissues, suggesting that alteration of cellular junctions could contribute to the presence of luminal epithelial secreted proteins PSA and KLK2 in the stromal compartment.CONCLUSIONSThe above findings suggest that the presence of secreted proteins PSA and KLK2 from prostate luminal epithelial cells in BPH stroma is a hallmark of BPH nodules, which could in part be due to alterations in cellular junction proteins and/or increased epithelial barrier permeability. Elucidating the cause and consequence of these secreted proteins in the stromal compartment of BPH may lead to new understanding of BPH pathogenesis as well as approaches to prevent and/or treat this common disease. Prostate 74:892–900, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Characterization of CdMnTe crystal grown with vertical Bridgman method under Te‐rich conditions
Authors: Zhang Jijun , Wang Linjun , Min Jiahua , Huang Jian , Liang Xiaoyan , Tang Ke , Shen Ping , Shen Min , Liang Wei , Huang Nansen , Xia Yiben 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIn this study, the Indium (In) doped Cd1–xMnx Te (xMn=0.1, CdMnTe) crystals with excess Te in the amount of 0 and 1.2 at% were grown by the Bridgman method. The segregation coefficient of In dopants distributions in the CdMnTe crystals with and without excess Te were determined to be 0.08 and 0.11, respectively. The IR transmission microscopy shown that the size of Te inclusions in CdMnTe crystal with excess Te increased to 5–13 μm with the concentrations of (2–3)×105 cm–3. The PL spectra indicated the formation of Te antisite donor and the compensation of Cd vacancies by Te antisites. The Current‐Voltage measurements were performed and the resistivity of the CdMnTe crystal with excess Te was in the range of 108–109 Ω·cm, increased by one order as compared to the crystal without excess Te. Under the radiation of 59.5 keV 241Am, The CdMnTe planar detectors fabricated from the crystal with excess Te revealed the energy resolution of 8.4%, however, no energy response is resolved in the CdMnTe detectors without excess Te. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Synthesis and characterization of arc deposited magnetic (Cr,Mn)2AlC MAX phase films
Authors: Mockute Aurelija , Persson Per O. Å. , Magnus Fridrik , Ingason Arni Sigurdur , Olafsson Sveinn , Hultman Lars , Rosen Johanna 
Published: April 2014

Abstract(Cr1–xMnx)2AlC MAX phase thin films were synthesized by cathodic arc deposition. Scanning transmission electron microscopy including local energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy analysis of the as‐deposited films reveals a Mn incorporation of as much as 10 at% in the structure, corresponding to x = 0.2. Magnetic properties were characterized with vibrating sample magnetometry, revealing a magnetic response up to at least room temperature. We thus verify previous theoretical predictions of an antiferromagnetic or ferromagnetic ground state for Cr2AlC upon alloying with Mn. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Two 1D Coordination Polymers with Bis[4‐(pyridin‐4‐yl)pyrimidinyl]disulfide (4‐ppds) as Bridging Ligand
Authors: Zhu Hai‐Bin , Wu Yan‐Fang , Shan Ru‐Yu , Chen Yun‐Di , Lou Yong‐Bing 
Published: April 2014

AbstractSolution assembly of heterocyclic disulfide ligand, 4‐ppds {4‐ppds = bis[4‐(pyridin‐4‐yl)pyrimidinyl]disulfide}, with Cu(OAc)2 and ZnI2 resulted in two 1D (one‐dimensional) coordination polymers 1 and 2, which were well characterized by infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, powder X‐ray diffraction, single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, diffuse‐reflectance UV/Vis as well as photoluminescence spectroscopy. Single crystal X‐ray crystallography discloses that 1 shows an achiral zigzag chain structure built up by alternate linking of paddlewheel Cu2(OAc)4 dicopper unit and 4‐ppds ligand with opposite configurations, whereas 2 exhibits a helical chain structure constructed by alternate linkage of tetrahedral zinc atom and 4‐ppds ligand with the same chirality (P‐ or M‐configuration). It is supposed that the flexible coordination environment around the tetrahedral ZnII ion might be beneficial to homochiral arrangement of 4‐ppds ligand.
Accessing (Ba1–xSrx)Al2Si2O8:Eu Phosphors for Solid State White Lighting via Microwave‐assisted Preparation: Tuning Emission Color by Coordination Environment
Authors: Brgoch Jakoah , Kloß Simon D. , Denault Kristin A. , Seshadri Ram 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe preparation of Eu2+‐substituted barium aluminum silicates is achieved using a rapid microwave‐assisted preparation. The phase evolution of two BaAl2Si2O8:Eu2+ polymorphs, the higher temperature hexagonal phase (hexacelsian), and the lower temperature monoclinic phase (celsian), is explored by varying the ramp time and soak time. This preparation method significantly reduces the reaction time needed to form these phases compared to conventional solid state routes. The luminescent properties of the two phases are identified under UV excitation with the hexagonal phase emitting in the UV region (λem = 372 nm) and the monoclinic phase emitting in the blue region (λem = 438 nm). The differences in optical properties of the two polymorphs are correlated to the coordination number and arrangement of the alkali earth site. The optical properties of the monoclinic phase can be further tuned through the substitution of Sr2+, forming the solid solution (Ba1–xSrx)Al2Si2O8:Eu2+. Changes in the crystal structure due to Sr2+ substitution produce a surprising blue‐shift in the emission spectrum, which is explained by a greater dispersion of bond lengths in the (Ba/Sr)–O polyhedra. The entire monoclinic solid solution exhibits excellent quantum yields of nearly 90 %, owing to the structural rigidity provided by the highly connected tetrahedral network.
Noble Metal Complexes with 4, 4′‐ and 5, 5′‐Pyridyl‐Functionalized (S)‐2, 2′‐Bis(diphenylphosphanyl)‐1, 1′‐binaphthyl Ligands
Authors: Lestari Witri Wahyu , Lönnecke Peter , Hey‐Hawkins Evamarie 
Published: April 2014

AbstractSix metal complexes based on AuI, PdII, or PtII with functionalized (S)‐4, 4′‐ or 5, 5′‐bis(3‐pyridyl)‐2, 2′‐bis(diphenylphosphanyl)‐1, 1′‐binaphthyl ligands (L1, L2) have been prepared and fully characterized. According to single‐crystal X‐ray analysis, the AuI complexes (S)‐[Au2Cl2(L1)] (1) and (S)‐[Au2Cl2(L2)] (2) show an almost linear Cl–Au–P arrangement, and the PdII and PtII complexes (S)‐[PdCl2(L1)] (3), (S)‐[PdCl2(L2)] (4), (S)‐[PtI2(L1)] (5), and (S)‐[PtI2(L2)] (6) exhibit distorted square‐planar geometries.
Cost‐Effectiveness of the Ponseti Method for Treatment of Clubfoot in Pakistan
Authors: Hussain Hamidah , Burfat Aziza Moiz , Samad Lubna , Jawed Fayez , Chinoy Muhammad Amin , Khan Mansoor Ali 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackground
Clubfoot is disabling, with an incidence of 0.9/1,000 live births to 7/1,000 live births. It affects mobility, productivity, and quality of life. Patients are treated surgically or non‐surgically using the Ponseti method. We estimated the cost per patient treated with both methods and the cost‐effectiveness of these methods in Pakistan.MethodsParents of patients treated, either surgically or with the Ponseti method, at the Indus Hospital’s free program for clubfoot were interviewed between February and May 2012. We measured the direct and indirect household expenditures for pre‐diagnosis, incomplete treatment, and current treatment until the first brace for Ponseti method and the first corrective surgery for surgically treated patients. Hospital expenditure was measured by existing accounts.ResultsAverage per‐patient cost was $349 for the Ponseti method and $810 for patients treated surgically. Of these, the Indus hospital costs were $170 the for Ponseti method and $452 for surgically treated patients. The direct household expenditure was $154 and $314 for the Ponseti and surgical methods, respectively. The majority of the costs were incurred pre‐diagnosis and after inadequate treatment, with the largest proportion spent on transportation, material, and fee for service. The Ponseti method is shown to be the dominant method of treatment, with an incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio of $1,225.ConclusionsThe Ponseti method is clearly the treatment of choice in resource‐constrained settings like Pakistan. Household costs for clubfoot treatment are substantial, even in programs offering free diagnostics and treatments and may be a barrier to service utilization for the poorest patients.
Correlation between Preoperative Imaging and Intraoperative Risk Assessment in the Prediction of Postoperative Pancreatic Fistula Following Pancreatoduodenectomy
Authors: Frozanpor Farshad , Loizou Louiza , Ansorge Christoph , Lundell Lars , Albiin Nils , Segersvärd Ralf 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackgroundPrediction of postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) can be carried out with the intraoperative assessment of pancreatic consistency (PC) and via pancreatic duct width (iPDW). Preoperative computed tomography (CT) calculated pancreatic remnant volume (PRV) and duct width (rPDW) have also been shown to offer useful information about the risk of POPF.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to determine the predictive value of the preoperative radiological features as compared with the intraoperative risk estimation for the subsequent development of POPF.MethodAll patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy between September 2007 and March 2012 at the Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm were included. PRV and rPDW were determined on preoperative CT and in parallel, intraoperative PC and iPDW of the remnant pancreas were independently assessed.ResultsA total of 296 consecutive pancreatoduodenectomies were included. POPF occurred in 45 patients (15.2 %). Of those with a preoperatively calculated PRV < 23.0 cm3, 2.8 % developed POPF compared with 25.7 % of those with a corresponding volume > 46.0 cm3. In patients with an rPDW > 7.0 mm, 4.1 % had a POPF as compared with 38.7 % for those with rPDW < 2.0 mm. The POPF risk estimates based on PRV and rPDW and the intraoperative risk assessments were found to be identical (p < 0.001). In the receiver operating characteristic analysis, area under the curve was 0.80 (95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.72–0.87) and 0.80 (95 % CI 0.72–0.88) for the CT‐based and intraoperative risk prediction models, respectively.ConclusionsPreoperative CT‐based and intraoperative gland risk assessments offer comparable predictive information on the risk of POPF after pancreatoduodenectomy. These results imply that accurate POPF risk estimation can be carried out in the preoperative setting to opt for improved patient selection into relevant research protocols and the availability of surgical expertise and techniques.
Demographic and Experiential Correlates of Public Attitudes Towards Cell‐Free Fetal DNA Screening
Authors: Sayres Lauren C. , Allyse Megan , Goodspeed Taylor A. , Cho Mildred K. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis study seeks to inform clinical application of cell‐free fetal DNA (cffDNA) screening as a novel method for prenatal trisomy detection by investigating public attitudes towards this technology and demographic and experiential characteristics related to these attitudes. Two versions of a 25‐item survey assessing interest in cffDNA and existing first‐trimester combined screening for either trisomy 13 and 18 or trisomy 21 were distributed among 3,164 members of the United States public. Logistic regression was performed to determine variables predictive of interest in screening options. Approximately 47 % of respondents expressed an interest in cffDNA screening for trisomy 13, 18, and 21, with a majority interested in cffDNA screening as a stand‐alone technique. A significantly greater percent would consider termination of pregnancy following a diagnosis of trisomy 13 or 18 (52 %) over one of trisomy 21 (44 %). Willingness to consider abortion of an affected pregnancy was the strongest correlate to interest in both cffDNA and first‐trimester combined screening, although markedly more respondents expressed an interest in some form of screening (69 % and 71 %, respectively) than would consider termination. Greater educational attainment, higher income, and insurance coverage predicted interest in cffDNA screening; stronger religious identification also corresponded to decreased interest. Prior experience with disability and genetic testing was associated with increased interest in cffDNA screening. Several of these factors, in addition to advanced age and Asian race, were, in turn, predictive of respondents’ increased willingness to consider post‐diagnosis termination of pregnancy. In conclusion, divergent attitudes towards cffDNA screening—and prenatal options more generally – appear correlated with individual socioeconomic and religious backgrounds and experiences with disability and genetic testing. Clinical implementation and counseling for novel prenatal technologies should take these diverse stakeholder values into consideration.
Blood Management May Have an Impact on Length of Stay after Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Bou Monsef Jad , Boettner Friedrich 
Published: April 2014

Background The steady rise in demand for total hip arthroplasty constitutes a significant and increasing burden on health care resources. The biggest contributors to the total cost of hip replacement procedures other than the price of the implant are hospital stay and postoperative rehabilitation. Blood management is one of the most adjustable factors that can impact length of stay and cost-efficiency while improving patient safety. Questions/Purposes The primary purpose of this retrospective study was to assess the potential impact of blood management interventions on length of hospital stay after primary unilateral total hip arthroplasty. This was achieved by first identifying which patient and surgical factors are associated with an increased risk of prolonged hospital stay. Subsequently, the significant factors were controlled for through a multivariate regression analysis to quantify the association between blood transfusions and increased hospital stay. Methods Retrospectively, the study included 2,104 primary total hip replacements. Eight hundred eighty-eight procedures were performed on males and 1,216 on females, with a mean age of 64 years at the time of the surgery (range 18–94 years) and BMI of 28.6 kg/m2 (range 12–51.5 kg/m2). The correlation between each factor and length of stay was analyzed separately using univariate regression analysis. Those variables with p ≤ 0.05 in the univariate model were selected for inclusion in the multivariate logistic regressions. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the effect of each significant factor and derive odds ratios with adjustment for the other variables. Results Multivariate Poisson regression revealed that increased length of stay was significantly correlated to patient age ( p = 0.05), the use of coumadin ( p = 0.02) or lovenox/heparin ( p = 0.007) as opposed to aspirin for anticoagulation, and allogeneic blood transfusion ( p < 0.0001). The data shows that allogeneic blood transfusion is associated with a longer hospital stay regardless of absolute drop in hemoglobin level postoperatively or at discharge or the number of units transfused (OR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.09 to 1.28, p < 0.001). Conclusion Transfusion of allogeneic blood is independently associated with increased hospital stay after total hip arthroplasty. Blood management modalities that can significantly reduce transfusion risk could impact length of stay as well as the total cost of hip replacement procedures.