bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hopfian And Co-Hopfian Subsemigroups And Extensions
Authors: Cain Alan J. , Maltcev Victor 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
This paper investigates the preservation of hopficity and co-hopficity on passing to finite-index subsemigroups and extensions. It was already known that hopficity is not preserved on passing to finite Rees index subsemigroups, even in the finitely generated case. We give a stronger example to show that it is not preserved even in the finitely presented case. It was also known that hopficity is not preserved in general on passing to finite Rees index extensions, but that it is preserved in the finitely generated case. We show that, in contrast, hopficity is not preserved on passing to finite Green index extensions, even within the class of finitely presented semigroups. Turning to co-hopficity, we prove that within the class of finitely generated semigroups, co-hopficity is preserved on passing to finite Rees index extensions, but is not preserved on passing to finite Rees index subsemigroups, even in the finitely presented case. Finally, by linking co-hopficity for graphs to co-hopficity for semigroups, we show that without the hypothesis of finite generation, co-hopficity is not preserved on passing to finite Rees index extensions.
Hybrid Fixed Point Theorems in Symmetric Spaces via Common Limit Range Property
Authors: Imdad Mohammad , Chauhan Sunny , Soliman Ahmed H. , Ahmed M. A. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
In this paper, we point out that some recent results of Vijaywar et al. (Coincidence and common fixed point theorems for hybrid contractions in symmetric spaces, Demonstratio Math. 45 (2012), 611-620) are not true in their present form. With a view to prove corrected and improved versions of such results, we introduce the notion of common limit range property for a hybrid pair of mappings and utilize the same to obtain some coincidence and fixed point results for mappings defined on an arbitrary set with values in symmetric (semi-metric) spaces. Our results improve, generalize and extend some results of the existing literature especially due to Imdad et al., Javid and Imdad, Vijaywar et al. and some others. Some illustrative examples to highlight the realized improvements are also furnished.
Topologies on Product and Coproduct Frölicher Spaces
Authors: Batubenge T. A. , Tshilombo M. H. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
In this paper, the topologies underlying a product Frölicher space and a coproduct Frölicher space are defined and compared. It is shown that the product topology, which is equal to the one induced by structure functions, is the weakest one in which all projections are continuous. On the other hand, it is proved that the three topologies arising from the coproduct structure are equal.
Chrysanthemum biotechnology: discoveries from the recent literature
Authors: Teixeira da Silva Jaime A. , Kulus Dariusz 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACT
The in vitro propagation of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum × grandiflorum (Ramat.) Kitam.), one of the world’s most important ornamentals, is a very well-studied topic and shows numerous strides each year. This mini-review condenses the knowledge that has been published on chrysanthemum biotechnology, especially in vitro culture in the wider plant science literature. In 2013 and 2014, important strides were made in molecular breeding, particularly anti-viral strategies, including through transgenics, and our understanding of flower genetics and flowering regulation.
The Maslowian Portfolio Theory Versus the Pyramid Portfolio
Authors: Majewski Sebastian 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
This article refers to De Brouwer’s modification of portfolio selection from 2009. He modified the existing portfolio’s theories so that they could take into account the Maslov’s hierarchy of needs. This proposal could be also an alternative concept to the behavioural portfolio theory. Another theoretical concept which includes not only the hierarchy of needs but the pyramid portfolio is presented in this paper as well. The base point in this case is Markowitz’s model and the safety-first criterion by Roy. Such a construction should be a starting point for building an application in this field.
Money Supply as the Target of the Central Bank
Authors: Jędruchniewicz Andrzej 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The main purpose of the article is a critical analysis of the monetary policy strategy that is based on the adoption of money supply as an intermediate target. The analysis is conducted from the perspective of the theory of the Austrian school. The first part of the article presents an influence of the supply of money on changes of categories in economy according to mainstream theories of economics. The second part discusses the essence of the strategy of monetary policy using money supply as an intermediate target from the point of view of the main trend in economics. It is demonstrated that in order to use it, two elementary conditions must be met: the function of demand for money must be at least relatively stable and the central bank must practically shape changes in the money supply at the planned level. The third part is of key importance for the purpose of this article. It involves the criticism of Friedman’s principle, i.e. a constant increase in money supply as a monetary strategy. According to the Austrian theory, an increase in the quantity of money which is not financed by voluntary savings separates the time structure of production and consumption. Thus, after the period of prosperity there a collapse in production must take place. It is also pointed out that the crisis can be postponed only when the quantity of money increases at an ever faster rate.
Measuring Eco-Innovation: Towards Better Policies to Support Green Growth
Authors: Rozkrut Dominik 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Green growth strategies thus need to be robust, what requires carefully designed tools. One of the prerequisites is the appropriate green growth measurement framework. It should allow discerning the effectiveness of policies in delivering green growth. This is where this paper tries to offer a new angle by searching for appropriate indicators that can capture different aspects of eco-innovation. Eco-innovation can be defined as innovation that results in a reduction of environmental impact. Country data from the 2008 Community Innovation Survey is used in the analysis. Dataset consist of 14 variables on environmental benefits and motivations. The aim of the presented study is to reduce the number of variables into factors to discover which of available variables form coherent subsets. It is argued here that such approach can help to construct appropriate indicators, that can capture different aspects of eco-innovation, that are crucial from the point of view of policy-making and policy evaluation.
China’s Trade Policy Towards Central and Eastern Europe in the 21St Century, Example of Poland
Authors: Drelich-Skulska Bogusława , Bobowski Sebastian , Jankowiak Anna H. , Skulski Przemysław 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to present China’s economic model and discuss, in this context, bilateral trade and investment relations between China and Poland. The analysis presented herein is based on the strategy of cooperation with countries of Central and Eastern Europe, as presented by China’s Prime Minister, and on the growing importance of Poland as a main partner of China in the Central and Eastern Europe region. The paper describes main premises of the Chinese economic model, followed by a diagnosis of Chinese economy. The authors analyze the main directions of China’s foreign cooperation, placing the emphasis on relations with Poland.
Ornamental Representatives of the Genus Centaurea L. as a Pollen Source for Bee Friendly Gardens
Authors: Denisow Bożena , Strzałkowska-Abramek Monika , Bożek Małgorzata , Jeżak Anna 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The flowering phenology and pollen production of three ornamental Centaurea species were investigated in the years 2009 and 2012-2013. The study objects, Centaurea montana L. = Cyanus montanus (L.) Hill, Centaurea mollis Waldst & Kit, and Centaurea dealbata Willd. were cultivated within an area of the UMCS Botanical Garden in Lublin, Poland (51° 14’ N, 22° 34’ E). Under the environmental conditions of SE Poland, the Centaurea species flowered continuously from mid-May to the first week of June. The mass of pollen in anthers was found to be species-related: 3.70 mg (C. montana), 4.02 mg (C. mollis), and 6.01 mg (C. dealbata) per 100 anthers. The total pollen yield was related to the mass of pollen produced in flowers and the abundance of blooming. Pollen grains were medium-sized, spheroid (C. dealbata) or prolato-spheroid (C. mollis and C. montana) in shape, and characterized by high viability (over 80% on average). The pollen provided by the plants of ornamental Centaurea species amounted to 6.0 - 7.9 g per m2 on average. The honeybee was the most frequent visitor of C. dealbata, accounting for 55.2% of the total pollinators, and bumblebee species predominated on the flowers of both C. montana (77.7%) and C. mollis (85.6%). Solitary bees and dipterans were also observed on the flowers of all species studied, but C. mollis was avoided by lepidopterans. Ornamental Centaurea species provide pollen reserves that could support communities of invertebrate pollinators, although the period of effective supply fluctuates annually due to changeable periods of blooming.
Measuring Representativeness of Short-Term Business Statistics
Authors: Ouwehand Pim , Schouten Barry 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Short-term statistics (STS) are important early indicators of economic activity. The statistics are obligatory for all EU countries and also serve as input to national accounts. In most countries, short-term Statistics are based on business surveys. However, in recent years a number of countries have gradually replaced their business surveys with business VAT registry data. An important question is whether these surveys and registries are representative of the populations and whether representativity is stable in time. We apply R-indicators and partial R-indicators to measure the representativity of both kinds of data sources. We find large differences between different months of the year and between the two data sources. We discuss dual frame approaches that optimize the accuracy of STS statistics.
On Precision in Estimates of Change over Time where Samples are Positively Coordinated by Permanent Random Numbers
Authors: Lindblom Annika 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Measures of period-to-period change are key statistics for many economy surveys. To improve the precision of these estimates of change, the majority of the business surveys at Statistics Sweden select stratified simple random samples (STSI) at different points in time, ensuring positive correlation between samples (overlapping samples) by using permanent random numbers (PRN). Statistics Sweden normally selects positively coordinated STSIs drawn from an updated Business Register (BR). In these samples, the industry strata are usually stratified further within industry into size strata. When the most recent sampling frame contains updated classification variables for all units, enterprises can change stratum between two sampling occasions. A drawback of the coordinated sample selection procedure is that the desired correlation between the two samples decreases if the proportion of enterprises that change strata is substantial. Consequently, the sample design must anticipate the potential effect of stratum changes between samples. This article presents a study that examines how the design of a repeated business survey affects the precision in estimates of change over time using the Turnover in the Service Sector survey conducted by Statistics Sweden as an example.
Estimation of Mean Squared Error of X-11-ARIMA and Other Estimators of Time Series Components
Authors: Pfeffermann Danny , Sverchkov Michail 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
This article considers the familiar but very important problem of how to estimate the mean squared error (MSE) of seasonally adjusted and trend estimators produced by X-11-ARIMA or other decomposition methods. The MSE estimators are obtained by defining the unknown target components such as the trend and seasonal effects to be the hypothetical X-11 estimates of them that would be obtained if there were no sampling errors and the series were sufficiently long to allow the use of the symmetric filters embedded in the programme, which are time invariant. This definition of the component series conforms to the classical definition of the target parameters in design-based survey sampling theory, so that users should find it comfortable to adjust to this definition. The performance of the MSE estimators is assessed by a simulation study and by application to real series obtained from an establishment survey carried out by the Bureau of Labor Statistics in the U.S.A.
The State of the Future Index for the Czech Republic / Index Stavu Budoucnosti Pro Českou Republiku
Authors: Kladivo Petr , Nováček Pavel , Macháček Jan , Teichmann Jiří 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The potential development of the Czech Republic is discussed in this paper by using the State of the Future Index (SOFI). This is the only index currently used worldwide that focuses not only on the present (unlike the Human Development Index and others), but also on the future development of opportunities and threats. The paper presents the computation of partial indices focusing economic, demographic, social and environmental factors, where the selection of indicators that enter the computations, including their weighting, is the outcome of a survey conducted among regional development and sustainability experts and academics.
Controlling the Solidification of Organic Photovoltaic Blends with Nucleating Agents
Authors: Nekuda Malik Jennifer A. , Treat Neil D. , Abdelsamie Maged , Yu Liyang , Li Ruipeng , Smilgies Detlef-M. , Amassian Aram , Hawker Craig J. , Chabinyc Michael L. , Stingelin Natalie 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBlending fullerenes with a donor polymer for the fabrication of organic solar cells often leads to at least partial vitrification of one, if not both, components. For prototypical poly(3-hexylthiophene):fullerene blend, we show that the addition of a commercial nucleating agent, di(3,4-dimethyl benzylidene)sorbitol, to such binary blends accelerates the crystallization of the donor, resulting in an increase in its degree of crystallinity in as-cast structures. This allows manipulation of the extent of intermixing/ phase separation of the donor and acceptor directly from solution, offering a tool to improve device characteristics such as power conversion efficiency.
The influence of pH adjusted with different acids on the dyeability of polyester fabric
Authors: Miljkovic Milena N. , Djordjevic Dragan M. , Miljkovic Vojkan M. , Stamenkovic Miodrag , Stepanovic Jovan 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The influence of using formic, oxalic, citric, tartaric, hydrochloric, nitric, sulphuric and phosphoric acid for dyebath pH adjustment was investigated upon the dyeing of polyester fabric with CI Disperse Yellow 60. The positions of colour in CIELab coordinates of the samples dyed with the addition of tested acids were assessed and compared to those dyed with the addition of acetic acid. It was found that the differences in dyeabilities obtained with the addition of citric, oxalic, hydrochloric, nitric and sulphuric acid are entirely acceptable according to both M&S 83A and CMC (2:1) standards in comparison to the dyeability obtained with the addition of acetic acid.
Effect of the ruthenium loading and barium addition on the activity of ruthenium/carbon catalysts in carbon monoxide methanation
Authors: Truszkiewicz Elżbieta , Raróg-Pilecka Wioletta , Zybert Magdalena , Wasilewska-Stefańska Malwina , Topolska Ewa , Michalska Kamila 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
A group of supported ruthenium catalysts was prepared and tested in methanation of small CO amounts (7000 ppm) in hydrogen-rich streams. High surface area graphitized carbon (484 m2/g) was used as a support for ruthenium and RuCl3 was used as a Ru precursor. Some of the Ru/C systems were additionally doped with barium (Ba(NO3)2 was barium precursor). The catalysts were characterized by the chemisorption technique using CO as an adsorbate. To determine the resistance of the catalysts to undesired carbon support methanation, the TG-MS experiments were performed. They revealed that the barium addition inhibits support losses. The studies of CO methanation (fl ow reactor, atmospheric pressure) have shown that some of the supported ruthenium catalysts exhibit high activities referred to the metal mass. The catalytic properties of ruthenium proved to be dependent on metal dispersion. Some of the Ru/C and Ba-Ru/C systems exhibit higher activity in CO hydrogenation than the commercial nickel-based catalyst.
Congenital Primary Pachydermoperiostosis and Striate Palmoplantar Keratoderma - a Case Report
Authors: Stojanović Slobodan , Vučković Nada , Jovanović Marina , Petrović Kosta 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The authors present a rare case of congenital pachydermoperiostosis associated with striate palmoplantar keratoderma in a 55-year-old female. Pachydermoperiostosis (PDP) is a heterogeneous syndrome characterized by hypertrophic changes involving predominantly the skin and bones of the extremities: pachydermia, clubbing of the fingers and toes, and hypertrophic osteoarthropathy. Primary pachydermoperiostosis (Touraine-Solente-Gole syndrome) (PPDP) or primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (PHO) is a rare congenital disorder and is one of two types of hypertrophic osteoarthropathy. In addition to the three main criteria, which are confirmed clinically, histologically, and by X-ray, there may be other additional clinical features. Hyperhidrosis of the hands and feet may be troublesome. The skin of the face, forehead and scalp becomes grossly thickened and thrown into folds. The folding of the scalp produces a form of cutis verticis gyrata. Additional clinical features include hypohidrosis, seborrhea, sebaceous gland hyperplasia and folliculitis, carpal and tarsal tunnel syndrome, chronic leg ulcers and calcification in the Achilles tendon. Our patient presented with most of these additional clinical features, such as acro-osteolysis of the fingers and toes, which generally occurs occasionally. In regard to palmoplantar keratoderma, we have not found reports of its association with PPDP in the available literature.
Unlike PPDP, secondary pachydermoperiostosis (secondary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy -SHO) occurs in association with severe pulmonary disease such as bronchiectasis, abscess, bronchial carcinoma, pleural mesothelioma, or thymic, esophageal or stomach cancer, which were all excluded in our patient.
In conclusion, this paper presents a congenital form of pachydermoperiostosis in a female also suffering from striate keratoderma. According to the available literature, this is the first case report of comorbidity between these two dermatoses.
Geometry of Prismatic Tensegrity Constructions Composed of Three and Four-strut Cells
Authors: Olejníková Tatiana 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
In the paper there is described geometry of double layer tensegrity constructions composed of prismatic cells with rhombic configuration of three or four strut bases so-called prismatic Tensegrity constructions. There are described bi-dimensional assemblies creating double layer grids of three or four-strut cells with a node-on-node junction. The grids can be planar, of one or two curvature constructions.
Analysis of Correlations between the Level of Partnering Relations and their Influence on the Time, Cost, Quality and Safety of Implementation of Construction Projects
Authors: Radziszewska-Zielina Elżbieta , Szewczyk Bartłomiej 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The present paper uses the developed model of the influence of partnering relations on the time, cost, quality and safety of implementation of construction projects. On its basis, a questionnaire has been created and a preliminary survey has been conducted. The paper presents an analysis of correlations between the level of partnering relations in the context of the partnering measures indicated in the model and their influence on the time, cost, quality and safety of implementation of construction projects. The analysis was conducted based on the data collected in 52 construction projects. The values of the Spearman rank correlation coefficient and the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient have been calculated for the examined relations. The analysis allowed for indicating the measures of partnering whose improvement most often brings benefits with regard to the time, cost, quality and safety of implementation of construction projects. Among the 80 analysed correlations, the ones identified as strong were: 15 relations connected with the time, 8 with the cost, 5 with the quality and 1 with the safety of implementation of construction projects.
Remedial Method against Moisture Problems – Church of St. Abdon and Sennen in Gemersky Jablonec
Authors: Ťažký Ladislav , Sedláková Anna 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Moisture is a major source of damage in historic solid masonry. Rising damp is a well-known phenomenon around the world and occurs when groundwater flows into the base of a construction and is allowed to rise through the pore structure. From practical experience it is known that many factors may play a role regarding permeability problems in masonry. The amount of possible causes of moisture problems in historic masonry underlines the complexity of this phenomenon. Evaporation is an important factor in rising damp. The surface of an affected wall contains moisture that has risen from the ground and this moisture is then subject to evaporation. The factors controlling evaporation include: temperature, humidity, air movement and surface.
The Methodology of Interactive Parametric Modelling of Construction Site Facilities in BIM Environment
Authors: Kozlovská Mária , Čabala Jozef , Struková Zuzana 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Information technology is becoming a strong tool in different industries, including construction. The recent trend of buildings designing is leading up to creation of the most comprehensive virtual building model (Building Information Model) in order to solve all the problems relating to the project as early as in the designing phase. Building information modelling is a new way of approaching to the design of building projects documentation. Currently, the building site layout as a part of the building design documents has a very little support in the BIM environment. Recently, the research of designing the construction process conditions has centred on improvement of general practice in planning and on new approaches to construction site layout planning. The state of art in field of designing the construction process conditions indicated an unexplored problem related to connection of knowledge system with construction site facilities (CSF) layout through interactive modelling. The goal of the paper is to present the methodology for execution of 3D construction site facility allocation model (3D CSF-IAM), based on principles of parametric and interactive modelling.