bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Angle closure glaucoma in Asians: comparison of biometric and anterior segment parameters between Japanese and Chinese subjects
Authors: HO H , OZAKI M , MIZOGUCHI T , NONGPIUR M , HOW A , HE M , WONG T , PERERA S , AUNG T 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To compare anterior segment parameters in Chinese and Japanese subjects using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (ASOCT) and to determine if the associations between these parameters and angle closure vary between the two ethnic groups.Methods We conducted a case‐control study among 117 Japanese and 102 Chinese patients with primary angle closure (PAC) or primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG); and 117 Japanese and 176 Chinese controls. All participants underwent A‐scan biometry and ASOCT imaging (Visante, Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, Ca). ASOCT‐derived biometric parameters were compared between groups. Multivariate analysis was performed to determine predictors of angle opening distance at 750µm from the scleral spur (AOD750).Results Japanese were older (p<0.001) and consisted of more females (p<0.001). Age and gender adjusted analysis of covariance showed that Japanese eyes with angle closure had a significantly shallower anterior chamber depth (p=0.015), shorter axial length (p<0.001), greater lens thickness (p<0.001), lens vault (LV) (p=0.001) and iris curvature (I‐Curv) (p<0.001), and a smaller anterior chamber area (p=0.044) and volume (p=0.028); but no significant difference was noted for anterior chamber width (ACW). In Japanese, the predictors of AOD750 were LV (p=0.004), ACW (p=0.049) and ICurv (p=0.017); in Chinese, only the LV (p<0.001) was a determinant factor.Conclusion Japanese eyes with angle closure were smaller, with thicker lenses. LV is an important factor for angle closure in both races. These results suggest differing mechanisms of angle closure pathogenesis between the two ethnic groups.
Long‐term follow‐up of the bag‐in‐the‐lens in children
Authors: TASSIGNON MJ 
Published: August 2014

AbstractOver the years the visual prognosis of pediatric cataract has significantly improved. Final visual outcome depends upon many factors: age of onset, uni‐ or bilaterality, pre‐ and coexisting ocular abnormalities, timing of surgery, postoperative course and complications, and adherence to amblyopia treatment. We present a series of 46 eyes implanted with the bag‐in‐the‐lens intraocular lens (BIL IOL), of which 30 bilateral and 16 unilateral eyes. A significant improvement in best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was obtained in all but one case (PFV case with glaucoma) though with a significant difference between uni‐ and bilateral cases. BCVA above 0.5 was achieved in 26, and of 1.0 in 17 of the bilateral cases. Of the unilateral cases only 5 achieved a BCVA above 0.5 while none achieved 1.0. The likely reasons for the poorer outcome in unilateral cases include a higher rate of ocular comorbidity (4 cases of PFV in this series) and the increased tendency towards amblyopia in unilateral cases despite early and intensive visual rehabilitation treatment. In conclusion, the BIL IOL can be considered a safe and well‐tolerated approach for pediatric cataract with favorable visual outcomes and a low rate of VAR and other complications.
Commercial interest
Update from the Swedish national pediatric cataract quality registry
Authors: TORNQVIST K 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose: To present recent data from the Swedish/Danish pediatric cataract register (PECARE), a register with the aim of improving pediatric cataract care. Methods: A web‐based register, the Pediatric cataract register, PECARE, with data on cataract operations in children <8 years old in Sweden and Denmark is used. The participating clinics have access to their own results together with the results of the total database on‐line at any time. Results: On Dec 31 2013 the register contained data on 562 registered operations in 403 children, 209 (52%) boys and 194 (48%) girls.In 199 cases (49%) the cataract was bilateral and in 204 (51%) unilateral. Altogether 159 individuals (39%) had undergone bilateral operation and 244 (61%) unilateral operation. In 67/159 cases (42%) operation had been performed in both eyes the same day. Totally 209 patients (300 eyes) have at least one registered follow‐up at 1, 2, 5 or 10 years of age. Data from these follow up registrations will be presented. Conclusion: The web based register “Pediatric cataract register, PECARE” gives the participating clinics up dated results on line. Aggregated data provide valuable information which can be used to improve the care of children with cataract.
Genetically determined disorders
Authors: LEROY B 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose: To describe genetically determined conditions which affect retinal and optic nerve function and can lead to seeing things which aren't there. Methods: A case presentation format will be used to illustrate different genetically determined conditions leading to visual hallucinations. Both clinical and electrophysiological phenotypes as well as genotypes will be discussed. Results: Phenotypes of genetically determined retinal diseases leading to visual hallucinations are very different. Often, the ophthalmologist can make a real difference by explaining the cause of the complaints. Conclusions: Very diverse conditions may give rise to seeing things which aren't there. Clinical examination and electrophysiology allow making a correct diagnosis.
The role of electrophysiological investigation
Authors: HOLDER GE 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose: To describe the diagnostic electrophysiological features associated with disorders that may present with positive phenomena. Methods: Standardised electrophysiological testing, performed to incorporate and exceed the Standards of the International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision. Results: Illustrative cases will be used to demonstrate diagnostic electrophysiological features in a variety of disorders. Conclusions: The objective functional data provided by electrophysiological testing are of considerable importance to the diagnosis and management of conditions associated with positive phenomena.
Visual outcomes following intravitreal aflibercept in patients with myopic choroidal neovascularisation
Authors: KOROBELNIK J , IKUNO Y , ASMUS F 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To evaluate visual acuity outcomes in patients (pts) with myopic CNV receiving intravitreal aflibercept (IVT‐AFL) or sham injection in the international, 48 week, Phase 3 MYRROR trial (NCT01249664).Methods Pts were randomised 3:1 to IVT AFL or sham/IVT‐AFL (sham to Week 20; IVT‐AFL from Week 24 to Week 48). We report on exploratory post hoc analyses evaluating proportions of pts achieving visual gains (ETDRS letters) and the associated time course.Results 121 pts were analysed (IVT‐AFL, n=90/ sham/IVT‐AFL, n=31). At Week 24, 63.3% and 38.9% of IVT‐AFL pts had gained ≥10 or ≥15 letters from baseline. In the sham/IVT‐AFL group, 12.9% and 9.7% had gained ≥10 or ≥15 letters from baseline. By Week 48, the proportion of IVT‐AFL pts gaining ≥10 or ≥15 letters was 68.9% and 50.0%, respectively. At Week 48 in the sham/IVT‐AFL group (i.e., 24 weeks after IVT‐AFL initiation), 41.9% and 29.0% of pts had gained ≥10 or ≥15 letters from baseline, respectively. Ocular AEs were mainly mild and occurred at a similar rate with IVT‐AFL and sham/IVT‐AFL (37.4% vs 38.7%; most common, respectively: conjunctival haemorrhage [11.0%] and punctate keratitis [12.9%]). 7 (5.7%) pts had a serious AE (all IVT‐AFL; only one SAE in study eye [macular hole]). No deaths were reported.Conclusion The proportion of IVT‐AFL pts who gained ≥10 or ≥15 letters by Week 24 was well maintained and even slightly increased at Week 48. Clinically meaningful benefits from IVT‐AFL were also observed at Week 48 in the sham/IVT‐AFL group. However, the proportion of gainers did not reach the extent seen in the initial IVT‐AFL group, suggesting that earlier IVT‐AFL treatment should be recommended.
Commercial interest
LDF and assessment of autoregulation
Authors: SCHMETTERER L 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe main advantage of laser Doppler flowmetry is its excellent time resolution. This allows for continuous measurement of tissue blood flow during changes in perfusion pressure. As such the technique is optimally suitable to assess autoregulation, referring to the ability of a vascular bed to maintain its blood flow in response to changes in perfusion pressure. In the eye the technique has been applied for both measuring optic nerve head blood flow and subfoveal choroidal blood flow. For both vascular beds data have been obtained using either an experimental increase or decrease in ocular perfusion pressure. In addition, data are available showing the complex regulation of ocular blood flow when both mean arterial pressure and intraocular pressure are modified.
How to get your research published?
Authors: KIVELÄ T 
Published: August 2014

AbstractA primary criterion for publishing a paper is novelty of its data. This extends to the introduction and discussion of the paper. These can not consequently be cut and pasted from published literature, not even from the author's previously published papers. The journals typically require the authors to confirm that their submission is unique and that the data are new. Violations of these rules may today result in retraction of the paper after publishing, even years or decades after its publication, if plagiarism or self plagiarism is later detected. One must also be certain to submit only unaltered images and data. Many universities and some journals provide today on‐line tools that can be used to check whether the manuscript has borrowed verbatim from the literature. The advent of on‐line manuscript review and publishing may tempt to copy from previous papers without rephrasing or attribution, habits which should carefully be avoided. On the other hand, electronic publishing is low cost and easy to start, which recently has resulted in proliferation of so‐called "predatory" gold open access publishers. Guidelines are discussed which may help authors to identify such publishing forums and to avoid plagiarism.
Corneal dystrophies related to cholesterol metabolism (fish eye and Schnyder dystrophy)
Authors: KESTELYN P 
Published: August 2014

AbstractSchnyder corneal dystrophy (SCD) is a rare corneal dystrophy characterized by abnormally increased deposition of cholesterol and phospholipids in the cornea. SCD is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait with high penetrance and has been mapped to the UBIAD1 gene on chromosome 1p36.3. Diseases of systemic lipid metabolism that cause corneal opacification, such as lecithin‐ cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) deficiency and fish eye disease (FED), should be considered in the differential diagnosis. LCAT deficiency and FED are both entities that result from deficiency of the LCAT enzyme. LCAT deficiency is defined by deficient LCAT activity towards HDL and LDL whereas FED is defined by decreased LCAT activity against HDL only. When comparing LCAT deficiency and FED to SCD, there are numerous differences to help distinguish all 3 entities. Both LCAT deficiency and FED are inherited in an autosomal recessive manner while SCD has autosomal dominant inheritance. Systemically, SCD has a normal level of LCAT enzyme activity and normal HDL levels. Both LCAT deficiency and FED show abnormally low levels of HDL. SCD is often associated with a true arcus lipoides, unlike FED and LCAT deficiency.
Characteristic features of choroidal tumors in Deep Range Imaging OCT (DRI‐OCT)
Authors: ROMANOWSKA DIXON B , JAKUBOWSKA B , MARKIEWICZ A 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To find and analyze characteristic features of choroidal tumors and surrounding tissues, retina, choroid and vessels.Methods Patients with choroidal tumors (choroidal nevus, choroidal melanoma, choroidal metastses, choroidal hemangioma, choroidal osteoma and others) diagnosed and treated in Department of Ophthalmology and Ocular Oncology of University Hospital were included. Swept Source OCT (DRI OCT‐1) developed by Topcon was used for imaging.Results Deep range imaging DRI‐OCT‐1 displays detail structures of not only retina but choroid and even sclera. The characteristic features, of intraocular tumors can improve the differential diagnosis and estimation of progression or treatment effects.Conclusion The new diagnostic modality may be useful for the evaluation of abnormalities observed intratumoral and in a border area and can improve diagnostic accuracy.
Secondary Intraocular lymphoma of the iris following a succussefully treated diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma of the orbit
Authors: MEYER P , GRAEFF E 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To report clinical findings of a rare case of lymphoma with iris involvement and therapeutic approach with local application of rituximabMethods Case reportResults A¬n 80‐year old patient reported blurred vision in the right eye for one week. After dacryodacryocystorhinostomy he suffured from decreased vision, chemosis and double vision on downgaze. MRI of the head revealed a right orbital tumor mass, arising from a distinct tumor mass of the right maxillary and ethmoid sinuses. Biopsy revealed CD5‐positive, diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma. The patient was managed with tumor debulking and systemic chemotherapy. At completion of therapy he remained in remission until presentation of a cutaneous relapse on the lower leg with simultaneous eye discomfort. On ocular examination the visual acuity was hand motion in the right eye with normal Intraocular pressure.The right eye showed diffuse keratic precipitates and moderate cells and flare in the anterior chamber.From 8 to 1 o‘clock the iris showed diffuse thickening of the stroma and irregular pupil.Examination with ultrasound biomicroscopy showed involvement of the anterior part of the cilliary body. Posterior segment examination was unremarkable. Aspiration of the anterior chamber showed CD20 positive, atypical lymphocytes, compatible with the previously diagnosed non‐Hodgkin’s lymphoma. After local application of rituximab three weeks later the thickening of the iris tissue had resolved.Conclusion Lymphomatous involvement oft he iris should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a severe anterior uveitis in elderly patients with known aggressive systemic lymphoma. An additional local application of rituximab may be suggested in isolated iris lymphoma.
When the clinician has to rely on disease phenotype alone for diagnosis: the example of Behçet’s uveitis
Authors: TUGAL‐TUTKUN I 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBehçet’s disease (BD) is a complex inflammatory disorder characterized by recurrent inflammatory attacks in multiple organ systems There is no specific diagnostic test. Clinical diagnostic criteria have been developed based on the presence of characteristic ocular and systemic inflammatory manifestations. However, ocular lesions defined in the current sets of diagnostic or classification criteria are nonspecific. It is important to recognize characteristic features of BD uveitis because there are BD patients with other forms of uveitis by coincidence, and patients with typical ocular involvement but without systemic manifestations of the disease. The course of the disease is characterized by recurrent nongranulomatous uveitis attacks of variable severity. Transient nature of the acute inflammatory signs is the most important diagnostic clue. Transient retinal infiltrates and inferior peripheral pearl‐like precipitates are the pathognomonic findings that help differentiating BD uveitis from other causes of panuveitis and retinal vasculitis.
Differences in optical coherence tomography findings in early intervention vs late intervention surgically treated submacular hemorrhages
Authors: CANASTRO M , FARIA M , MARQUES‐NEVES C , MONTEIRO‐GRILLO M , NETO E , PERPETUA C , PROENCA H 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose The purpose of this retrospective observational study is to compare Spectral‐Domain OCT findings in early‐intervention vs late‐intervention submacular hemorrages treated surgically with vitrectomy, recombinant tissue Plasminogen Activator (rtPA) subretinal injection and gas injection.Methods Retrospective analysis of pre and post operative OCT findings of 4 patients with submacular hemorrhages treated with 23G vitrectomy, rtPA subretinal injection and gas (SF6, C3F8) injection. 2 patients were treated after 6 and 10 days of diagnosis establishment and the other 2 were treated after 21 and 28 days of diagnosis establishment. Subfoveal thickness was measured in both pre and post operative exams. Analysis of the retinal structure and submacular hemorrhage characteristics were performed.Results The early intervention group presented with higher pre‐operative subfoveal thickness (716 and 973 microns compared with 405 and 554 microns). Post operative OCT showed an important decrease in subfoveal thickness in the early intervention group (716 to 260 microns and 973 to 433 microns), not seen in the late intervention group (405 to 593 and 554 to 548 microns). Images analysis shows recent submacular hemorrhages as low density, thick, homogeneous, subretinal tumefactions that do not severely distort retina internal anatomy. Older submacular hemorrhages appear as more dense, thinner, heterogeneous masses, with retinal distortion, cysts formation and separation of the inner and outer layers of the retina.Conclusion OCT is an important exam in the evaluation of submacular hemorrhage, which may differentiate recent and late hemorrhages. Early intervention is crucial for good post operative anatomical result.
Compressive chiasmal lesions: optical coherence tomography, ganglion cell and inner plexiform layers and visual field tests
Authors: VICENTE A , ANJOS R , COSTA L , VIEIRA L , SANTOS A , FERREIRA J , AMADO D , CUNHA JP 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose The authors present an analysis of the automated macular ganglion cell complex measurements in patients with compressive chasmal lesions.Methods Observational study of 20 eyes of 20 patients with compressive chiasmal lesions followed at the neurophthalmology outpatient clinic. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT SPECTRALIS® ‐ Heidelberg Engineering GmbH) was performed and high‐resolution macular scans were obtained. Ganglion cell layer and inner plexiform layer (GCL+IPL) average thickness and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness were also determined. A functional evaluation was performed with Static Computerized Perimetry (Octopus Perimetry®, Haag‐Streit). Statistical analysis was done with SPSS Statistics. A p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results There was a significant decrease in the RNFL and GCL+IPL thickness when compared with average values from normal population (p<0,05). Average RNFL and GCL+IPL thickness reduction evaluated by OCT were positively correlated. We identified a positive structural and functional correlation between the tomographic and perimetric evaluations. Nevertheless, 4 of the 20 patients had normal visual fields.Conclusion Although the changes determined by OCT and perimetry are different, both methods are useful in studying the relationship between structure and function in patients with chiasmal compressive lesions. Structural damage documented by OCT was associated in the majority of the patients with functional damage. This study also emphasizes the importance of the GCL+IPL thickness measurement with OCT. Evaluation of RNFL and GCL+IPL with OCT appears to be accurate in predicting functional damage.
Macular and retinal degeneration in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: CUNHA JP , SANTOS A , FERREIRA J , AMADO D , LOURO C , CASTANHEIRA‐DINIS A , VICENTE A 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To evaluate the differences between the thickness of the separate quadrants at the peripapillary RNFL, thickness and volume of the macula and choroidal thickness in Alzheimer disease ( AD) patients compared with a control group.Methods Transversal case control study in 50 eyes of AD patients and 150 eyes of heathy subjects, measuring the thickness of the separate quadrants at the peripapillary RNFL, thickness and volume of macula with SD OCT (spectral domain optical coherence tomography) and choroidal thickness (CT) with enhanced depth imaging OCT in Alzheimer disease patients compared with a control group.Results The average thickness of temporal superior quadrants of RNFL in AD patients was 30,5 ± 8,5 μm thinner than control group (p<0,05 t student test). Macular thickness and volume had no statistical differences between AD patients and heathy subjects. Mean subfoveal choroidal thickness was higher in AD than in control group ( 246,31 ±68,23 versus 214,31±72,85 μm( p< 0,05 t student test).Conclusion This findings suggest that the macular and retinal degeneration may be multifactorial such as retrograde degeneration in retinal changes and ischemic factor in choroidal changes.
Retinal oximetry in diabetic retinopathy
Authors: BEK T 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackground: Diabetic retinopathy is accompanied by disturbances in retinal blood flow, but the consequent changes in oxygenation of the retinal tissue have not been studied in detail. The advent of retinal oximetry for assessing the oxygen saturation in retinal vessels has enabled the study of changes in retinal oxygen saturation during the progression and after treatment of the disease. Methods: 71 patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy and 149 with diabetic maculopathy were subjected to retinal oximetry of the larger retinal arterioles and venules before, immediately after and three months after retinal photocoagulation. Results: Before treatment the oxygen saturation was significantly increased, both in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy and diabetic maculopathy. The oxygen saturation was unchanged immediately after treatment, but had further increased three months after treatment. Conclusion: Disturbances in retinal oxygen saturation in diabetic patients are complex and may be due to changes in blood flow, oxygen extraction and regional variations in blood flow. Retinal photocoagulation in diabetic retinopathy does not exert its effect by normalizing retinal oxygenation.
The effect of image quality on retinal oximetry
Authors: HARDARSON S 
Published: August 2014

AbstractDual wavelength retinal oximetry has proven to be a useful tool for detecting abnormal retinal vessel oxygen saturation in various diseases. Oximetry images are acquired in a similar fashion as regular fundus images. Oximetry calculations use light intensity measured from oximetry images. A ratio is taken of light intensity at and beside the retinal vessels. This means that the overall illumination of the image has less effect on the result. Despite the ratiometric approach, it is clear from experience and studies on cataract patients that image quality does influence oxygen saturation calculations. The challenge is to estimate or quantify image quality in a reliable manner and to control for image quality in all comparisons between healthy groups and patient groups.
Commercial interest
Current and future use of contact lenses
Authors: GRUENERT A 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThis talk gives an overview of different types of contact lenses and their present applications and future perspectives. The advantages and disadvantages of contact lenses will be discussed. Furthermore, we will present our own data regarding correction of infant aphakia and irregular astigmatism following PKP with rigid gaspermeable contact lenses and the use of soft silicone contact lenses as a drug delivery tool.