bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regionally extinct species rediscovered: the bush dog Speothos venaticus in Minas Gerais, south-eastern Brazil
Authors: Ferreira Guilherme Braga , Oliveira Marcelo Juliano Rabelo , de Paula Rogério Cunha , Rodrigues Flávio Henrique Guimarães , Carmo Érica Daniele Cunha 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe bush dog Speothos venaticus, a rare Near Threatened South American canid that lives in packs, was thought to be extinct in Minas Gerais state, south-eastern Brazil, until recently. Here, we report four recent records of the species in Minas Gerais, the first in the state since the description of the species in 1842. All records are from the Cerrado ecosystem in the north and north-west of the state; two are from animals found dead, one from footprints and another from a camera trap. Three of the records were inside or close (< 10 km) to strict protected areas, in a region recognized as the Protected Areas Mosaic Sertão Veredas–Peruaçu, where we expect any new records of the bush dog to be found. We discuss the low probability of detecting the bush dog and the main regional threats to the species, and emphasize the need to protect large and interconnected natural areas and keep them free of domestic dogs to avoid the extinction of the bush dog in Minas Gerais.
Grandparents and grandchildren: care and support in Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam
Authors: KNODEL JOHN , NGUYEN MINH DUC 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTRecent surveys in Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam reveal that substantial proportions of persons aged 60 and older co-reside with grandchildren and commonly provide grandparental care. Usually the grandchildren's parents are also present. Situations in which the grandchildren's parents are absent are considerably less frequent. Parents are commonly the main source of the grandchildren's financial support even if absent. Most grandparents that provide care do not consider it a serious burden even when the grandchild's parents are absent. Moreover, grandparental care is not always one-directional as grandchildren can also be of help to grandparents. These features of grandchild care reflect a regional cultural context that views acceptance of reciprocal intergenerational obligations as normal and in which co-residence of older persons and adult children is still common. Differences in economic development and past fertility trends account for much of the observed differences in grandparental care among the three countries by affecting grandchildren availability and migration of adult children. In addition, economic development and demographic trends will continue to shape grandparental care in the coming decades. Despite the lack of attention to development and demographic context in previous studies, these aspects of the changing societal context deserve a prominent place within conceptual frameworks guiding comparative research on grandparenting.
Stand structure and species co-occurrence in mixed and monodominant Central African tropical forests
Authors: Djuikouo Marie Noël K. , Peh Kelvin S.-H. , Nguembou Charlemagne K. , Doucet Jean-Louis , Lewis Simon L. , Sonké Bonaventure 
Published: August 2014

Abstract:We compare forests dominated byGilbertiodendron dewevreiat the Dja Biosphere Reserve (Cameroon) with adjacent high-diversity mixed forests in terms of tree-species composition and stand structure, in order to understand the co-occurrence of mixed forest tree species in the monodominant forest. A total of 18 1-ha permanent plots were established in the two forest types. In each plot, all trees with dbh ≥10 cm were identified as were those <10 cm dbh within a subsample of 300 m2. Species richness was significantly different between the two forest types. Mixed forest had an average of 109 species ha−1for trees ≥10 cm dbh and 137 species for trees <10 cm dbh. By contrast,G. dewevrei-dominated forest had an average of 47 species ha−1(≥10 cm dbh) and 92 species (<10 cm dbh). There was no significant difference in terms of stem density of the trees with dbh <10 cm between the two forests (mixed: 3.7 stems m−2; monodominant: 3.1 stems m−2). AsG. dewevreiis a shade-tolerant species that can regenerate under its own shade, its higher stem density and basal area can reduce species richness of an area.
The SPORES experiment of the EXPOSE-R mission:Bacillus subtilisspores in artificial meteorites
Authors: Panitz Corinna , Horneck Gerda , Rabbow Elke , Rettberg Petra , Moeller Ralf , Cadet Jean , Douki Thierry , Reitz Guenther 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe experiment SPORES ‘Spores in artificial meteorites’ was part of European Space Agency's EXPOSE-R mission, which exposed chemical and biological samples for nearly 2 years (March 10, 2009 to February 21, 2011) to outer space, when attached to the outside of the Russian Zvezda module of the International Space Station. The overall objective of the SPORES experiment was to address the question whether the meteorite material offers enough protection against the harsh environment of space for spores to survive a long-term journey in space by experimentally mimicking the hypothetical scenario of Lithopanspermia, which assumes interplanetary transfer of life via impact-ejected rocks. For this purpose, spores ofBacillus subtilis168 were exposed to selected parameters of outer space (solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation at λ>110 or >200 nm, space vacuum, galactic cosmic radiation and temperature fluctuations) either as a pure spore monolayer or mixed with different concentrations of artificial meteorite powder. Total fluence of solar UV radiation (100–400 nm) during the mission was 859 MJ m−2. After retrieval the viability of the samples was analysed. A Mission Ground Reference program was performed in parallel to the flight experiment. The results of SPORES demonstrate the high inactivating potential of extraterrestrial UV radiation as one of the most harmful factors of space, especially UV at λ>110 nm. The UV-induced inactivation is mainly caused by photodamaging of the DNA, as documented by the identification of the spore photoproduct 5,6-dihydro-5(α-thyminyl)thymine. The data disclose the limits of Lithopanspermia for spores located in the upper layers of impact-ejected rocks due to access of harmful extraterrestrial solar UV radiation.
T-cell TGF-β signaling abrogation restricts medulloblastoma progression
Authors: Gate David , Danielpour Moise , Rodriguez Javier , Kim Gi-Bum , Levy Rachelle , Bannykh Serguei , Breunig Joshua J. , Kaech Susan M. , Flavell Richard A. , Town Terrence 
Published: August 2014

SignificanceMedulloblastoma (MB) is a tumor of the cerebellum that primarily forms in pediatric patients during brain development. The immune system ultimately fails to eradicate MB because it is “blind” to tumor cells as a result of poor brain immune surveillance caused by the existence of the blood–brain barrier and the brain’s immune privileged status. Another mechanism of tumor escape is immune suppressors that act as a “smokescreen,” blocking effective antitumor immunity. We show that blockade of the TGF-β signaling pathway promotes memory T cell development, conferring antitumor immunity to thesmoothened A1mouse model of MB. Our data lay the cellular immune mechanistic framework for blocking T cell TGF-β signaling in pediatric brain cancer.
Single-laboratory validation for the determination of caffeic acid and seven caffeoylquinic acids in sweet potato leaves
Authors: Sasaki Kazunori , Oki Tomoyuki , Kobayashi Toru , Kai Yumi , Okuno Shigenori 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
A single-laboratory validation study was conducted on an HPLC method for the detection and quantification of caffeic acid (CA) and seven species of caffeoylquinic acids (CQAs) in lyophilized sweet potato leaves. The procedure for extraction of the analytes from the matrix and the HPLC conditions for the efficient separation of CA and CQAs were optimized. In the proposed method, a relative response factor to one of the CQAs (5-CQA) was used to quantify the others. The method performed well in terms of precision when carried out on five different days and demonstrated Horwitz ratio (HorRat) scores ranging from 0.5 to 1.0 for all analytes, which were well within the limits of performance acceptability. Accuracy testing at three levels showed an overall recovery of 94% when duplicated on five different days. Moreover, a stability study revealed that all analytes in both standard solution and sample extract were stable for 28 days.
Dynamin-1-like protein (Dnm1L) interaction with kinesin light chain 1 (KLC1) through the tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domains
Authors: Jang Won Hee , Jeong Young Joo , Choi Sun Hee , Kim Sang-Jin , Urm Sang-Hwa , Seog Dae-Hyun 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Kinesin light chain 1 (KLC1) mediates binding of KIF5 motor to specific cargo. Using the yeast two-hybrid screening, we found that mitochondrial fission protein dynamin-1-like protein (Dnm1L) interacted with KLC1, but not KIF5. Dnm1L and KLC1 were co-localized in cultured cells. These results suggest that KLC1 may play a potential role in post-fission mitochondrial transport.
Architectural proteins CTCF and cohesin have distinct roles in modulating the higher order structure and expression of the CFTR locus
Authors: Gosalia Nehal , Neems Daniel , Kerschner Jenny L. , Kosak Steven T. , Harris Ann 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Higher order chromatin structures across the genome are maintained in part by the architectural proteins CCCTC binding factor (CTCF) and the cohesin complex, which co-localize at many sites across the genome. Here, we examine the role of these proteins in mediating chromatin structure at the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. CFTR encompasses nearly 200 kb flanked by CTCF-binding enhancer-blocking insulator elements and is regulated by cell-type-specific intronic enhancers, which loop to the promoter in the active locus. SiRNA-mediated depletion of CTCF or the cohesin component, RAD21, showed that these two factors have distinct roles in regulating the higher order organization of CFTR. CTCF mediates the interactions between CTCF/cohesin binding sites, some of which have enhancer-blocking insulator activity. Cohesin shares this tethering role, but in addition stabilizes interactions between the promoter and cis-acting intronic elements including enhancers, which are also dependent on the forkhead box A1/A2 (FOXA1/A2) transcription factors (TFs). Disruption of the three-dimensional structure of the CFTR gene by depletion of CTCF or RAD21 increases gene expression, which is accompanied by alterations in histone modifications and TF occupancy across the locus, and causes internalization of the gene from the nuclear periphery.
Rosette modes of oscillations of rotating stars caused by close degeneracies. III. JWKB analysis
Authors: Takata Masao 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
An asymptotic analysis is developed to describe rosette modes of oscillations in rotating stars, which have been recently discovered in numerical computations. The name of the modes comes from characteristic rosette patterns of the distributions of the kinetic-energy density on the meridional plane. As have been shown in the previous papers in this series, the physical reason for the formation of these modes is the rotation-induced interaction among several gravity modes with almost the same frequencies and successive spherical degrees of the same parity. This formation process is described in the framework of the quasi-degenerate perturbation theory. In this paper, the matrix eigenvalue problem, which appears in the perturbation analysis, is solved analytically, using asymptotic expressions of eigenfunctions, which are obtained by assuming that the wavelength of oscillations in the horizontal direction is sufficiently small. By further assuming that the number of interacting modes is large, simple expressions of the eigenfunctions and eigenfrequencies of rosette modes are obtained. Because these expressions can describe the essential part of characteristics of rosette modes, they are useful in understanding general properties of rosette modes that are common to any equilibrium structure.
Subcellular localisation of retromer in post‐endocytic pathways of polarised Madin–Darby canine kidney cells
Authors: Mellado Maravillas , Cuartero Yasmina , Brugada Ramon , Verges Marcel 
Published: August 2014

Background informationRetromer is required for endosome‐to‐Golgi retrieval of the cation‐independent mannose 6‐phosphate receptor (CI‐MPR), allowing delivery of hydrolases into lysosomes. It is constituted by a conserved heterotrimer formed by vacuolar protein sorting (Vps) gene products Vps26, Vps35 and Vps29, which is in charge of cargo selection, and a dimer of phosphoinositide‐binding sorting nexins (SNXs), which has a structural role. Retromer has been implicated in sorting of additional cargo. Thus, retromer also promotes polymeric immunoglobulin A (pIgA) transcytosis by the pIgA receptor (pIgR) in polarised cells, and considerable evidence implicates retromer in controlling epithelial cell polarity. However, the precise localisation of retromer along the endocytic pathway of polarised cells has not been studied in detail.ResultsOur biochemical analysis using rat liver endosome fractions suggests a distinct distribution pattern. Although subunits of the cargo‐selective complex were enriched in early endosomes (EEs), levels of SNX2 were greater in sorting endosomes. We then immunolocalised the retromer subunits in polarised Madin–Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells by confocal microscopy. An estimated 25% of total Vps26 and SNX2 localised to EEs, with negligible portions in recycling endosomes as well as in late endosomes and lysosomes. Although Vps26 was in structures of more heterogeneous size and shape than SNX2, these markedly overlapped. In consequence, the two retromer subcomplexes mostly colocalised. When we analysed retromer overlap with its cargo, we found that structures retromer and pIgA+ are independent of those structures retromer and CI‐MPR+. Remarkably, retromer localised preferentially at the transcytotic pathway. Pharmacological inhibition of phosphoinositide 3‐kinase affected the co‐distribution of retromer with pIgA and the CI‐MPR, delaying pIgA progress to the apical surface.ConclusionsIn polarised MDCK cells, we found retromer associated with certain specialised EE‐derived pathways. Our data imply that retromer is largely engaged in pIgA transcytosis in pIgR‐expressing MDCK cells, as opposed to endosome‐to‐Golgi retrieval.
Opinion: conservation of monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus) could be enhanced with analyses and publication of citizen science tagging data
Authors: Davis Andrew K. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractRecent declines in the size of overwintering colonies of monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus) in eastern North America have stimulated calls for greater conservation efforts of the migratory phenomenon. Conservation decisions, however, should be guided by sound science, and the migratory phase of this population is the least‐studied part of its life cycle.Data from large‐scale citizen science programs can help address this knowledge gap. For over 20 years, volunteers have been tagging migrating monarchs with numbered stickers from MonarchWatch (www.monarchwatch.org), who oversees the management of tagging and recovery records. These data have the potential to vastly improve scientific understanding of the migratory phase (such as identifying spatial and temporal trends in mortality) and help target conservation efforts, but this potential has not yet been fully realised, based on a review of published studies in the last 20 years.Since citizen science programs are often understaffed and operate on minimal budgets, data analysis may not be a high priority for project staff. To stimulate scientific investigations using tagging data, there are alternative solutions that could be implemented including making data publicly available or soliciting assistance from external scientists. Such efforts would not only benefit research into monarch biology, but would lend scientific credibility to tagging activities.Tagging monarchs is a popular activity with clear educational value. In my opinion these data could be, however, better utilised to improve the conservation of the migratory phenomenon itself.
SiC Foams Decorated with SnO2 Nanostructures for Room Temperature Gas Sensing
Authors: Karakuscu Aylin , Ponzoni Andrea , Comini Elisabetta , Sberveglieri Giorgio , Vakifahmetoglu Cekdar 
Published: August 2014

Cell walls of the commercial silicon carbide (SiC)‐based foams were decorated by one‐dimensional tin dioxide (SnO2) nanostructures. Thermal evaporation of SnO2 powder with the assistance of a Au catalyst in inert atmosphere caused the formation of SnO2 nanobelts on the pore surfaces. The room temperature (RT) ammonia (NH3) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) gas sensing behaviors were investigated systematically in both dry and humid air atmosphere with/without UV activation. The results were compared to those for bare SnO2 and SiC. It was shown that SiC/SnO2 composite was efficient to detect low concentration of NH3 (10–50 ppm) and NO2 (1–5 ppm) under humid air and UV activation at RT.
Réduction de l'écart d'instruction entre hommes et femmes et taux d'activité des femmes
Authors: GANGULI Ina , HAUSMANN Ricardo , VIARENGO Martina 
Published: August 2014

RésuméDans de nombreux pays, on observe une disparition, voire une inversion de l'écart d'instruction entre hommes et femmes. Mais cela se traduit‐il sur le marché du travail? Se fondant sur des données de recensement recueillies dans quarante pays, les auteurs examinent les écarts en termes de taux d'activité entre hommes et femmes, entre femmes mariées et femmes célibataires, ainsi qu'entre mères et femmes sans enfant. Ils constatent que l'ampleur de ces écarts, le rythme auquel ils évoluent et leur lien avec l'écart d'instruction sont très variables d'un pays à l'autre et qu'ils ne s'expliquent toujours pas par d'autres inégalités.
Sous‐déclaration et sous‐estimation du travail des femmes en Malaisie
Authors: FRANCK Anja Karlsson , OLSSON Jerry 
Published: August 2014

RésuméEn général, la collecte des données sur l'activité des femmes mène souvent à une sous‐déclaration et à une sous‐estimation de leur travail. Partant d'un travail de terrain dans l'Etat de Penang, en Malaisie, les auteurs contribuent à la théorisation de la sous‐déclaration des activités rémunérées des femmes dans les enquêtes officielles: si le travail des femmes est souvent dévalorisé, sa sous‐déclaration peut aussi découler de choix stratégiques et pragmatiques. En se déclarant comme femmes au foyer, elles évitent de contester les normes relatives aux rôles des sexes tout en préservant leurs intérêts par la poursuite d'un travail à l'extérieur du ménage.
Les travailleurs domestiques en Europe: que disent les chiffres?
Authors: ABRANTES Manuel 
Published: August 2014

RésuméCombien y a‐t‐il de travailleurs domestiques dans l'Union européenne? Comment leur nombre évolue‐t‐il? Quelles sont les différences entre pays? Les chiffres montrent une augmentation, en particulier pour s'occuper des enfants et des adultes fragilisés. Alors qu'il existe deux régimes en Europe, celui du Nord, où l'on s'en remet aux services publics, et celui du Sud, qui repose plus sur des solutions d'ordre privé, l'auteur en appelle à une approche plus nuancée et explore le potentiel explicatif des analyses en termes de politiques publiques, de dynamique du marché du travail ou de relations entre hommes et femmes.
Famille et enfants: obstacles ou incitations à l'emploi indépendant des femmes en Norvège?
Authors: RØNSEN Marit 
Published: August 2014

RésuméLa sous‐représentation des femmes parmi les entrepreneurs et les travailleurs indépendants est commune à bien des cultures et des pays, mais ses raisons restent mal comprises. L'auteur examine, pour la Norvège, l'influence de la situation familiale des femmes à cet égard: présence d'enfants et leur âge, rôle du conjoint, ressources financières du ménage. Les résultats montrent que la présence d'enfants n'entrave pas l'emploi indépendant des femmes, qui est corrélé négativement avec la durée du travail du conjoint et positivement avec le fait que celui‐ci est lui‐même travailleur indépendant. Toutefois la direction de ces causalités est difficile à établir.
Medicines management: an interview study of nurses at a secure psychiatric hospital
Authors: Haw Camilla , Stubbs Jean , Dickens Geoff 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAimsTo explore mental health nurses' knowledge, attitudes and clinical judgement concerning medicines management in an inpatient setting with a view to enhancing training.BackgroundMedicines management is a key role of mental health nurses, but little research has been conducted into their training needs.DesignAn exploratory mixed‐methods design was used involving individual interviews with participants to investigate their responses to hypothetical medicine administration scenarios.MethodsInterviews were held with a convenience sample of 50 Registered Nurses working in a specialist mental health hospital between November 2012–February 2013. Participants were presented with clinical vignettes describing eight scenarios they might encounter as part of their medicines management role and asked about how they would respond. Responses were assessed by two independent raters against ten quality standards underpinning the vignettes.ResultsThe median number of responses that were judged to demonstrate adequate awareness of associated quality standards was 4 (range 1–7), indicating that many participants did not appear to be aware of, or compliant with, current UK medicines management guidance and local policy. Many would not report a ‘near miss’ or medicines administration error. There was a lack of awareness of guidance on verbal prescribing, consent to treatment rules and the administration of off‐label/unlicensed drugs. Past year attendance on a medicines management course, time since registration and self‐reported knowledge of national standards for medicines administration did not discriminate between total score on the 10 quality standards.ConclusionThe medicines management training needs of participants appeared not to be fully met by the existing learning sources. The use of vignettes to assess nurses' training needs requires evaluation in other settings.
Topical KGF treatment as a therapeutic strategy for vaginal atrophy in a model of ovariectomized mice
Authors: Ceccarelli Simona , D'Amici Sirio , Vescarelli Enrica , Coluccio Paolo , Matricardi Pietro , di Gioia Cira , Benedetti Panici Pierluigi , Romano Ferdinando , Frati Luigi , Angeloni Antonio , Marchese Cinzia 
Published: August 2014

AbstractOne of the most frequent complaints for post‐menopausal women is vaginal atrophy, because of reduction in circulating oestrogens. Treatments based on local oestrogen administration have been questioned as topic oestrogens can reach the bloodstream, thus leading to consider their safety as controversial, especially for patients with a history of breast or endometrial cancers. Recently, growth factors have been shown to interact with the oestrogen pathway, but the mechanisms still need to be fully clarified. In this study, we investigated the effect of keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), a known mitogen for epithelial cells, on human vaginal mucosa cells, and its potential crosstalk with oestrogen pathways. We also tested the in vivo efficacy of KGF local administration on vaginal atrophy in a murine model. We demonstrated that KGF is able to induce proliferation of vaginal mucosa, and we gained insight on its mechanism of action by highlighting its contribution to switch ERα signalling towards non‐genomic pathway. Moreover, we demonstrated that KGF restores vaginal trophism in vivo similarly to intravaginal oestrogenic preparations, without systemic effects. Therefore, we suggest a possible alternative therapy for vaginal atrophy devoid of the risks related to oestrogen‐based treatments, and a patent (no. RM2012A000404) has been applied for this study.