bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
International cross‐cultural validation study of the Canadian Haemophilia Outcomes: Kids’ Life Assessment Tool
Authors: McCusker P. J. , Fischer K. , Holzhauer S. , Meunier S. , Altisent C. , Grainger J. D. , Blanchette V. S. , Burke T. A. , Wakefield C. , Young N. L. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryHealth‐related quality of life (HRQoL) assessment is recognized as an important outcome in the evaluation of different therapeutic regimens for persons with haemophilia. The Canadian Haemophilia Outcomes–Kids’ Life Assessment Tool (CHO‐KLAT) is a disease‐specific measure of HRQoL for 4 to 18‐year‐old boys with haemophilia. The purpose of this study was to extend this disease‐specific, child‐centric, outcome measure for use in international clinical trials.We adapted the North American English CHO‐KLAT version for use in five countries: France, Germany, the Netherlands, Spain and the United Kingdom (UK). The process included four stages: (i) translation; (ii) cognitive debriefing; (iii) validity assessment relative to the PedsQL (generic) and the Haemo‐QoL (disease‐specific) and (iv) assessment of inter and intra‐rater reliability. Cognitive debriefing was performed in 57 boys (mean age 11.4 years), validation was performed in 144 boys (mean age 11.0 years) and reliability was assessed for a subgroup of 64 boys (mean age 12.0 years). Parents also participated. The mean scores reported by the boys were high: CHO‐KLAT 77.0 (SD = 11.2); PedsQL 83.8 (SD = 11.9) and Haemo‐QoL 79.6 (SD = 11.5). Correlations between the CHO‐KLAT and PedsQL ranged from 0.63 in Germany to 0.39 in the Netherlands and Spain. Test–retest reliability (concordance) for child self‐report was 0.67. Child–parent concordance was slightly lower at 0.57. The CHO‐KLAT has been fully culturally adapted and validated for use in five different languages and cultures (in England, the Netherlands, France, Germany and Spain) where treatment is readily available either on demand or as prophylaxis.
Evaluation of in vitro probiotic potential of phytase‐producing bacterial strain as a new probiotic candidate
Authors: Sharma Anjana , Trivedi Shraddha 
Published: December 2014

SummarySixty‐three phytase‐producing bacterial strains were isolated from natural sources, and their probiotic potential was evaluated. Of these, only fifteen strains were selected on the basis of confirmatory plate assay. Among these, five phytase‐producing strains exhibiting potent probiotic properties were identified as Bacillus cereus P1, Bacillus subtilis P6, B. subtilis P7, Pseudomonas aeruginosa P12 and P. aeruginosa P15 on the basis of morphological, biochemical and molecular characteristics. Maximum phytase activity (2.74 EU mL−1) with potential probiotic properties, that is more than 70% survivability at pH 2.0, up to 2.0% bile salt tolerance, sporulation efficiency of more than 80% and survival in anaerobic condition (94.31%), was revealed by B. subtilis P6 as compared to the well‐established commercial probiotic strains Lactobacillus sporogenes and Lactobacillus casei. Thus, phytase‐producing B. subtilis P6 with promising probiotic features can be used in food and animal feed applications for betterment of mankind after further validation.
Evaluation of the antioxidant properties and oxidative stability of Pecorino cheese made from the raw milk of ewes fed Rosmarinus officinalis L. leaves
Authors: Branciari Raffaella , Ranucci David , Trabalza‐Marinucci Massimo , Codini Michela , Orru Mara , Ortenzi Roberta , Forte Claudio , Ceccarini Maria R. , Valiani Andrea 
Published: December 2014

SummaryThe aim of this work was to study the effect of rosemary leaf dietary supplementation on the antioxidant activities and total phenolic content of Pecorino cheese. Three hundred and twenty‐four sheep were randomly assigned to two dietary groups, which received a standard diet based on lucerne hay and concentrate (400 g per day). The concentrate of the rosemary supplemented group contained 2.50% dried rosemary leaves. The trial lasted 7 weeks. Cheesemaking was performed 3, 5 and 7 weeks from the start of the trial. The Pecorino cheese antioxidant activity was modified by the diet. Rosemary supplementation increased the total phenolic content, enhanced the antioxidant properties and decreased the lipid oxidation of cheese. A slight decrease in flavour was detected in cheeses after 7 weeks of rosemary administration.
Protein quality of dried enzymatic hydrolysate from anchovy produced in a spouted bed of inert particles
Authors: Moraes Kelly , Pinto Luiz A. A. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryThe anchovy (Engraulis anchoita) is a pelagic fish and due to its abundance in South America shows a sustainable exploitation. The enzymatic hydrolysis of anchovy protein associated to the drying technique in spouted bed was analysed in order to obtain products with the best characteristics. The drying conditions were inlet air temperature, concentration and flow rate of suspension. The degree of hydrolysis of the anchovy suspension was of 3.8%, and its available lysine and specific antioxidant activity were of 86 g kg−1protein and 4.31 mmDPPH kg−1 min−1, respectively. In spouted bed drying, the lowest reduction in available lysine (9%) and loss of specific antioxidant activity (8%) were found at 90 °C, and suspension concentration and flow rate of 65 g L−1 and 200 mL h−1, respectively. The dried product was characterised as a protein source of high biological value due to the essential amino acids profile.
Duplex PCR approach for the detection and quantification of donkey, horse and mule in raw and heat‐processed meat products
Authors: Chen Ailiang , Wei Chengbin , Chen Gang , Zhao Yan , Yang Shuming 
Published: December 2014

SummaryDonkey‐related products have been paid more attention for their high nutritional value to human beings. Due to donkey resource scarcity, coupled with gradually increasing market demand, adulterated donkey meat products with other low‐cost animal meat, especially with the similar species horse and mule, are often found in market. Therefore, detection of species fraud in donkey meat products is important for consumer protection and food industries. In this study, a simple and highly specific duplex PCR method, based on the simultaneous amplification of fragments of the mitochondrial ATP synthase subunit 8/6 and ND2, was developed and optimised for the identification of horse, donkey and mule species in raw and heat‐processed meat products. To the best of our knowledge, it was the first time for this strategy applied to these three genetically related animal meat products differentiation to date. The duplex PCR generated a 153‐bp and 83‐bp amplification products for horse and donkey, respectively. While for mule, both of the two length amplification products are appeared on the agarose gel. Target meat species could be detected at a level of 1%, and the results indicated that the duplex PCR assay could be used in the authentification of donkey‐related products with high specificity, cost‐effectiveness and simplicity.
Antibody and T‐cell responses associated with experimental human malaria infection or vaccination show limited relationships
Authors: Walker Karen M. , Okitsu Shinji , Porter David W. , Duncan Christopher , Amacker Mario , Pluschke Gerd , Cavanagh David R. , Hill Adrian V. S. , Todryk Stephen M. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryThis study examined specific antibody and T‐cell responses associated with experimental malaria infection or malaria vaccination, in malaria‐naive human volunteers within phase I/IIa vaccine trials, with a view to investigating inter‐relationships between these types of response. Malaria infection was via five bites of Plasmodium falciparum‐infected mosquitoes, with individuals reaching patent infection by 11–12 days, having harboured four or five blood‐stage cycles before drug clearance. Infection elicited a robust antibody response against merozoite surface protein‐119, correlating with parasite load. Classical class switching was seen from an early IgM to an IgG1‐dominant response of increasing affinity. Malaria‐specific T‐cell responses were detected in the form of interferon‐γ and interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) ELIspot, but their magnitude did not correlate with the magnitude of antibody or its avidity, or with parasite load. Different individuals who were immunized with a virosome vaccine comprising influenza antigens combined with P. falciparum antigens, demonstrated pre‐existing interferon‐γ, IL‐2 and IL‐5 ELIspot responses against the influenza antigens, and showed boosting of anti‐influenza T‐cell responses only for IL‐5. The large IgG1‐dominated anti‐parasite responses showed limited correlation with T‐cell responses for magnitude or avidity, both parameters being only negatively correlated for IL‐5 secretion versus anti‐apical membrane antigen‐1 antibody titres. Overall, these findings suggest that cognate T‐cell responses across a range of magnitudes contribute towards driving potentially effective antibody responses in infection‐induced and vaccine‐induced immunity against malaria, and their existence during immunization is beneficial, but magnitudes are mostly not inter‐related.
Hong Kong's Currency Crisis: A Test of the 1990s ‘Washington Consensus’ View
Authors: Harake Wissam , Meade Ellen E. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIn the aftermath of the financial crisis that rocked Southeast Asia in 1997–98, prominent scholars argued that the advice dispensed by the International Monetary Fund and supported by the policy community in Washington had exacerbated rather than stabilized the crisis. In this paper, we look back at that debate by using Hong Kong's experience during the Asian financial crisis to test the then‐consensus view on monetary tightening against the revisionist view of its critics. Hong Kong provides an interesting test of the two approaches because monetary policy was tightened and the pre‐crisis exchange rate survived the speculative attack intact, in contrast to other studies that have examined the effects of tighter monetary policy during attacks that led to changes in exchange‐rate management. Using a model of exchange‐market pressure and VAR estimation, we find that our results are generally supportive of the revisionist hypothesis.
Thinking critically about the occurrence of widespread participation in poor nursing care
Authors: Roberts Marc , Ion Robin 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAimA discussion of how Arendt's work can be productively re‐contextualized to provide a critical analysis of the occurrence of widespread participation in poor nursing care and what the implications of this are for the providers of nursing education.BackgroundWhile the recent participation of nurses in healthcare failings, such as that detailed in the Francis report, has been universally condemned, there has been an absence of critical analyses in the literature that attempt to understand the occurrence of such widespread participation in poor nursing care. This is a significant omission in so far as such analyses will form an integral part of the strategy to limit the occurrence of such widespread participation of nurses in future healthcare failings.DesignDiscussion paper.Data sourcesArendt's Eichmann in Jerusalem: A Report on the Banality of Evil and Thinking and Moral Considerations: A Lecture. In addition, a literature search was conducted and articles published in English relating to the terms care, compassion, ethics, judgement and thinking between 2004–2014 were included.Implications for nursingIt is anticipated that this discussion will stimulate further critical debate about the role of Arendt's work for an understanding of the occurrence of poor nursing care, and encouraging additional detailed analyses of the widespread participation of nurses in healthcare failings more generally.ConclusionThis article provides a challenging analysis of the widespread participation of nurses in poor care and discusses the opportunities confronting the providers of nursing education in limiting future healthcare failings.
Military nurses' experiences returning from war
Authors: Elliott Brenda 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAimThis paper is a report of a study conducted to describe the military nurses' post‐deployment experiences and their meaning.BackgroundToday, similar to past conflicts, military nurses are faced with many different stressors, moral dilemmas and loss in a compressed amount of time while deployed. These exposures place both military nurses and their families at risk for difficulty adjusting when deployment ends. This study addresses military nurses' experiences returning to personal and professional roles post‐deployment.DesignQualitative, narrative inquiry.MethodThematic analysis of data collected in 2012 from in‐depth semi‐structured interviews with ten military nurses.FindingsDescription of the experience had five themes: ‘learning to manage changes in the environment’; ‘facing the reality of multiple losses’; ‘feeling like it's all so trivial now’; ‘figuring out where I ‘fit’ in all the chaos'; and ‘working through the guilt to move forward’. Description of the meaning of the experience had two themes: ‘serving a greater purpose’ and ‘looking at life through a new lens’.ConclusionIt is critical for military nurses and leaders, healthcare providers, nursing administration/educators, as well as nurses who work alongside military nurses, both in the USA and in other countries, to have a better understanding of the meaning of the deployment experience so they may provide support to these nurses during the post‐deployment phase. Lessons learned may benefit future military nurses and may also be transferable to nurses who support humanitarian and disaster missions.
Perinatal and sociodemographic factors at birth predicting conduct problems and violence to age 18 years: comparison of Brazilian and British birth cohorts
Authors: Murray Joseph , Maughan Barbara , Menezes Ana M. B. , Hickman Matthew , MacLeod John , Matijasevich Alicia , Gonçalves Helen , Anselmi Luciana , Gallo Erika A. G. , Barros Fernando C. 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundMany low‐ and middle‐income countries have high levels of violence. Research in high‐income countries shows that risk factors in the perinatal period are significant precursors of conduct problems which can develop into violence. It is not known whether the same early influences are important in lower income settings with higher rates of violence. This study compared perinatal and sociodemographic risk factors between Brazil and Britain, and their role in explaining higher rates of conduct problems and violence in Brazil.MethodsProspective population‐based birth cohort studies were conducted in Pelotas, Brazil (N = 3,618) and Avon, Britain (N = 4,103). Eleven perinatal and sociodemographic risk factors were measured in questionnaires completed by mothers during the perinatal period. Conduct problems were measured in questionnaires completed by mothers at age 11, and violence in self‐report questionnaires completed by adolescents at age 18.ResultsConduct problems were predicted by similar risk factors in Brazil and Britain. Female violence was predicted by several of the same risk factors in both countries. However, male violence in Brazil was associated with only one risk factor, and several risk factor associations were weaker in Brazil than in Britain for both females and males. Almost 20% of the higher risk for conduct problems in Brazil compared to Britain was explained by differential exposure to risk factors. The percentage of the cross‐national difference in violence explained by early risk factors was 15% for females and 8% for males.ConclusionsA nontrivial proportion of cross‐national differences in antisocial behaviour are related to perinatal and sociodemographic conditions at the start of life. However, risk factor associations are weaker in Brazil than in Britain, and influences in other developmental periods are probably of particular importance for understanding male youth violence in Brazil.
Effect of Guar Gum on Processing and Cooking Quality of Nontraditional Pasta
Authors: Sandhu Gurleen K. , Simsek Senay , Manthey Frank A. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe effect on processing and cooking quality of pasta containing nontraditional ingredients and guar gum (GG) was characterized. Durum flour was fortified with soy flour or oat flour and with GG from three different vendors. Physical and chemical properties of GG at three concentrations (0.2, 0.3 and 0.4% w/v) varied among vendors. Protein and lipid contents were highest in soy flour than durum and oat flour. Bulk density, particle size distribution and water‐holding capacity varied among durum flour and all nontraditional ingredients. Mixograms indicated that GG increased dough strength of durum flour and the increased strength varied among vendors. Hydrated ingredients were extruded as spaghetti, and dried using high temperature drying (70C), before pasta quality analysis. The effects of GG and GG vendor on dough strength were manifested in differences in extrusion rate. Guar gum, regardless of vendor, had no effect on the cooking quality of pasta.Practical ApplicationsThere has been very limited information on properties, quality characteristics and functionality of the gums from various sources. Also, no literature was found that studied the effect of different commercial sources of guar gum (GG) on the processing properties and cooking quality of pasta containing nontraditional ingredients. Therefore, this study was undertaken with an aim to compare and characterize GG from different vendors of food‐grade gums and their subsequent effects on the processing and cooking quality of pasta containing nontraditional ingredients.
Performance of a second‐generation methylated SEPT9 test in detecting colorectal neoplasm
Authors: Jin Peng , Kang Qian , Wang Xin , Yang Lang , Yu Yang , Li Na , He Yu‐qi , Han Xiaoliang , Hang Jie , Zhang Jing , Song Lele , Han Ying , Sheng Jian‐qiu 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackground and AimScreening and early detection reduces mortality due to colorectal cancer (CRC). Methylated Septin 9 (SEPT9) is a new blood‐based biomarker for CRC. We evaluated the performance of the second‐generation SEPT9 assay for the detection of colorectal neoplasm, and compared it with fecal immunochemical test (FIT).MethodsA total of 135 patients with CRC, 169 with adenomatous polyps, 81 with hyperplastic polyps, and 91 healthy controls were included. The clinical status of all subjects was verified by colonoscopy. In all patients, peripheral blood samples were taken for SEPT9 testing using Epi proColon 2.0 test. For 177 patients, both SEPT9 and FIT were performed.ResultsThe sensitivity and specificity of SEPT9 for CRC were 74.8% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 67.0–81.6%) and 87.4% (vs non‐CRC, 95% CI: 83.5–90.6%), respectively. SEPT9 was positive in 66.7% of stage I, 82.6% of stage II, 84.1% of stage III, and 100% of stage IV CRCs. The sensitivity of SEPT9 for advanced adenomas was 27.4% (95% CI: 18.7–37.6%). The sensitivity and specificity of FIT for CRC was 58.0% (95% CI: 46.1–69.2%) and 82.4% (95% CI: 74.4–88.7%), respectively. SEPT9 showed better performance in CRC detection than FIT, but similar among advanced adenomas.ConclusionsWith improved performance characteristics in detecting CRC, the second‐generation SEPT9 assay could play an important role in CRC screening and early detection.
Parenting stress and child behaviour problems among parents with intellectual disabilities: the buffering role of resources
Authors: Meppelder M. , Hodes M. , Kef S. , Schuengel C. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundParents with intellectual disabilities (ID) are at risk for high levels of parenting stress. The present study evaluated resources, including parental adaptive functioning, financial resources and access to a support network, as moderators of the association between child behaviour problems and parenting stress.MethodA total of 134 parents with ID and their children (ages 1–7 years) were recruited from 10 Dutch care organisations. Questionnaires were administered to the parents to obtain information on parenting stress in the parent and child domain, financial resources and their support network. Teachers and care workers reported on child behaviour problems and parental adaptive functioning, respectively.ResultsParents experienced more stress with regard to their children than towards their own functioning and situation. Parenting stress was less in parents who were not experiencing financial hardship. Child behaviour problems were associated with high child‐related parenting stress, not parent‐related parenting stress. Large support networks decreased the association between child behaviour problems and child‐related parenting stress. Financial resources did not significantly moderate the association.ConclusionsParenting stress among parents with ID is focused on problems with the child, especially when little social support is available.
Cyclic mechanical pressure‐loading alters epithelial homeostasis in a three‐dimensional in vitro oral mucosa model: clinical implications for denture‐wearers
Authors: Shiomi A. , Izumi K. , Uenoyama A. , Saito T. , Saito N. , Ohnuki H. , Kato H. , Kanatani M. , Nomura S. , Egusa H. , Maeda T. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryDenture‐wearing affects the quality and quantity of epithelial cells in the underlying healthy oral mucosa. The physiologic mechanisms, however, are poorly understood. This study aimed to compare histologic changes and cellular responses of an epithelial cell layer to cyclic mechanical pressure‐loading mimicking denture‐wearing using an organotypic culture system to develop a three‐dimensional in vitro oral mucosa model (3DOMM). Primary human oral keratinocytes and fibroblasts were serially grown in a monolayer culture, and cell viability was measured under continuous cyclic mechanical pressure (50 kPa) for 7 days (cycles of 60 min on, 20 s off to degas and inject air). Upon initiation of an air–liquid interface culture for epithelial stratification, the cyclic pressure, set to the mode above mentioned, was applied to the 3DOMMs for 7 days. Paraffin‐embedded 3DOMMs were examined histologically and immunohistochemically. In the monolayer culture, the pressure did not affect the viability of oral keratinocytes or fibroblasts. Few histologic changes were observed in the epithelial layer of the control and pressure‐loaded 3DOMMs. Immunohistochemical examination, however, revealed a significant decrease in Ki‐67 labelling and an increase in filaggrin and involucrin expression in the suprabasal layer of the pressure‐loaded 3DOMMs. Pressure‐loading attenuated integrin β1 expression and increased matrix metalloproteinase‐9 activity. Incomplete deposition of laminin and type IV collagen beneath the basal cells was observed only in the pressure‐loaded 3DOMM. Cyclic pressure‐loading appeared to disrupt multiple functions of the basal cells in the 3DOMM, resulting in a predisposition towards terminal differentiation. Thus, denture‐wearing could compromise oral epithelial homeostasis.