bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Use of Short Segment Free Jejunal Transfer as Salvage Surgery for Cervical Esophageal and Hypopharyngeal Cancer
Authors: Mayanagi Shuhei , Onitsuka Tetsuro , Nakagawa Masahiro , Sato Hiroshi , Kitagawa Yuko , Tsubosa Yasuhiro 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundSalvage surgery after definitive chemoradiotherapy for cervical esophageal cancer and hypopharyngeal cancer remains a challenge because of the high rate of complications. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of free jejunal transfer as salvage surgery for cervical esophageal cancer and hypopharyngeal cancer after definitive chemoradiotherapy.MethodsWe enrolled eight patients with cervical esophageal cancer and 11 patients with hypopharyngeal cancer who underwent free jejunal transfer as salvage surgery following radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. In this study, we reviewed the surgical procedures, perioperative complications, and survival rates.ResultsThe median duration of surgery was 514 min, and the median blood loss was 439 ml. In surgical procedures, the recipient vessels for the anastomosis of the free jejunum consisted of one artery and one vein (63 %), one artery and two veins (5 %), and two arteries and two veins (31 %). The postoperative morbidity rate was 57.9 % (11 patients), with six cases of partial necrosis of the tracheal margin and no cases of graft necrosis or postoperative in‐hospital death. The overall 5‐year survival rate after surgery was 58.1 %.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that with careful attention to the potential development of necrosis of the tracheal margin, pharyngolaryngoesophagectomy and free jejunal transfer can be safely performed, even in patients who received radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy.
Inferior Right Hepatic Vein‐preserving Major Right Hepatectomy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients with Significant Fibrosis or Cirrhosis
Authors: Jiang Chunping , Wang Zhongxia , Xu Qingxiang , Wu Xingyu , Ding Yitao 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundLiver resection represents a most effective treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The extent of hepatectomy for HCC involves maintaining a tricky balance between radical resection of tumors and preservation of sufficient liver parenchyma. Generally, removal of the right hepatic vein often involves resection of the whole posterior right lobe, which may prevent patients with impaired liver function from maintaining a functional reserve and could also limit the future liver remnant from curative hepatectomy. As a common anatomic variation, preservation of the inferior right hepatic vein (IRHV) may enable preservation of liver segment 6, even when the right hepatic vein has to be removed. In the present study, we report our experience with IRHV‐preserving major right hepatectomy.MethodsFrom February 2009 to December 2011, eight trisegmentectomies 5‐7‐8 and two segmentectomies 4‐5‐7‐8 were performed with the IRHV‐sparing technique on patients with HCC and significant fibrosis or cirrhosis. Data including demographic information, preoperative evaluations, postoperative outcomes, and follow‐up results were collected and evaluated.ResultsAll patients survived and recovered from hepatectomy. The incidence of complications was higher in cirrhotic patients. The 1‐year overall survival rate was 80 %, and the 1‐year disease free survival rate was 60 %.ConclusionsIRHV‐preserving major right hepatectomy increases the resectability of HCC. Intraoperative ultrasonography is recommended to facilitate protection of the IRHV. This technique is safe with careful preoperative evaluation and meticulous perioperative care. The short‐term outcome of IRHV‐preserving liver resections is satisfactory.
Structural investigation of silicon nanowires with grazing incidence small angle X‐ray scattering
Authors: Buttard Denis , Schülli Tobias , Oehler Fabrice , Gentile Pascal 
Published: October 2013

Presented is a structural investigation of silicon nanowires, which is conducted with grazing incidence small angle X‐ray scattering. The morphology of the wires is analysed following experimental measurements. Three diameters (50, 100 and 200 nm) are investigated in relation to the aspect ratio of the wires (length 25 µm). Periodic fringes because of the weak distribution of the diameter are observed on the experimental images. The asymptotic behaviour of the scattering signal along the qy direction is also analysed and presented.
Enhancing fluorescent response of immunosensing by a dielectrophoresis chip with transparent electrodes and microcavities array
Authors: Chuang Cheng‐Hsin , Ju Jing‐Wei , Huang Yao‐Wei 
Published: October 2013

Microelectrodes used in dielectrophoresis (DEP) chips are mostly made of metal materials; however, the metal electrodes can induce extra background noise as observed in a fluorescence microscope. Currently, the fluorescent response still dominates the indicators of immunoassays; therefore it is important to eliminate the extra background noise of the fluorescence response generated by metal electrodes for an immunosensor. In this reported study, a transparent conductive material, indium tin oxide (ITO), was employed in the fabrication of DEP electrodes, and the fluorescent responses of a DEP chip with transparent electrodes were compared with an identical DEP chip with conventional Au electrodes during an immunoassay. According to the experimental results, the enhancement of the fluorescent response of the DEP chip with ITO electrodes was greater than the values of the DEP chip with Au electrodes; about 1.57 times and 1.44 times for the immunosensing of 10 and 1 nm bovine serum albumin (BSA), respectively. In addition, by applying the DEP force during the immunosensing, the fluorescent response was also enhanced because of the condensation ability to BSA by the DEP force. Consequently, a DEP chip with transparent ITO electrodes and a microcavities array has been demonstrated, and the background noise of the fluorescence response can be eliminated to enhance the sensitivity of immunosensing.
Funktionsweise und Auswirkungen des Referenzpreissystems bei Impfstoffen nach §130a Abs. 2 SGB V: eine Analyse am Beispiel der Grippeimpfstoffe
Authors: Barth J. , Hammerschmidt T. , Vollmar J. , Bierbaum M. , Schöffski O. 
Published: October 2013

ZusammenfassungAm 01. Januar 2011 ist das Gesetz zur Neuordnung des Arzneimittelmarktes (Arzneimittelmarktneuordnungsgesetz, AMNOG) in Kraft getreten. In diesem Rahmen wurde für den Impfstoffmarkt ein Referenzpreissystem eingeführt um die deutschen Impfstoffpreise an das als niedriger vermutete Preisniveau anderer Staaten der europäischen Union (EU) anzupassen. Im Folgenden wird die Umsetzung, die Funktionsweise und die Auswirkungen dieses neuen Systems beschrieben. Des Weiteren wird anhand des Beispiels der Grippeimpfstoffe analysiert, welchen Einfluss die Referenzpreise auf das Preisgefüge haben.Das Referenzpreissystem wird anhand des Gesetzes zur Neuordnung des Arzneimittelmarktes und des Schreibens des Spitzenverbandes Bund der Krankenkassen (GKV-Spitzenverband, GKV-SV) vom 22. Juni 2011 an die Verbände der Arzneimittelhersteller und Arzneimittelimporteure beschrieben. Der Analyse der Impfstoffpreise liegen die Daten des i:data-Report (Stand: 01. September 2011) des ifap Service-Instituts zugrunde.Der europäische Referenzpreis eines Impfstoffes wird als Durchschnittspreis aus den tatsächlich gültigen Abgabepreisen des entsprechenden Impfstoffes in den 4 Ländern der europäischen Union, deren Bruttonationaleinkommen dem deutschen am nächsten kommt und in denen der Impfstoff vertrieben wird, berechnet. Die hierzu herangezogenen Preise werden dabei mit den Umsatzanteilen und Kaufkraftparitäten (KKP) für Gesundheitspflege der jeweiligen Länder gewichtet. Die vorliegende Analyse weist darauf hin, dass insbesondere die praktische Umsetzung des Referenzpreissystems weiter verbessert und konkretisiert werden sollte. Zum einen sollte die Berechnung der Referenzpreise durch den GKV-SV so ausgestaltet werden, dass eine Vergleichbarkeit der Preise ­gewährleistet ist. Außerdem bestehen erhebliche Probleme bei der Abrechnung der Abschläge, da in der Dokumentation der impfenden Ärzte zunächst nicht unterschieden werden konnte, ob eine Impfung als Pflicht- oder Satzungsleistung erbracht wurde. Der Vergleich der Herstellerabgabepreise der einzelnen Grippeimpfstoffe mit den entsprechenden Referenzpreisen zeigt jedoch sowohl bei den Einzelpackungen als auch bei den Zehn­erpackungen nach Einführung des Referenzpreissystems eine Vergrößerung der bereits bestehenden Preisunterschiede, die sich im wettbewerblichen System entwickelt haben.Bei der Umsetzung des Referenzpreissystems besteht weiterhin Verbesserungsbedarf. Bei den Grippe­impfstoffen kann voraussichtlich durch das Referenzieren eine Reduktion der Ausgaben für die GKV erreicht werden, allerdings wird das wettbewerbliche Preisniveau verzerrt.
Spatial and temporal codes mediate the tactile perception of natural textures
Authors: Weber Alison I. , Saal Hannes P. , Lieber Justin D. , Cheng Ju-Wen , Manfredi Louise R. , Dammann John F. , Bensmaia Sliman J. 
Published: October 2013

Significance
Our exquisite tactile sensitivity to surface texture allows us to distinguish silk from satin or even good silk from cheap silk. We show that the tactile perception of natural textures relies on two neural mechanisms. Coarse textural features, for example, the individual elements of Braille, are represented in spatial patterns of activation across one population of mechanoreceptive afferents that densely innervate the fingertip skin. In contrast, our ability to discern fine textural features is mediated by the transduction and processing of vibrations produced in the skin during scanning. Indeed, two other populations of vibration-sensitive afferents produce temporally patterned responses to these vibrations, and spiking patterns in these afferent populations convey texture information and shape the way textures are perceived.
Identification of discrete functional subregions of the human periaqueductal gray
Authors: Satpute Ajay B. , Wager Tor D. , Cohen-Adad Julien , Bianciardi Marta , Choi Ji-Kyung , Buhle Jason T. , Wald Lawrence L. , Barrett Lisa Feldman 
Published: October 2013

Significance
The periaqueductal gray is a brainstem region that is critical for autonomic regulation and for defensive responses (e.g., “fight,” “flight,” “freeze”). It has been studied extensively in rodents and cats, but less is known about the human periaqueductal gray. The small size and shape of the periaqueductal gray makes it challenging to study using standard noninvasive MRI techniques. We used a high-field strength magnet to examine this region at high resolution while participants viewed emotionally aversive or neutral images. Emotion-related functional activity was concentrated in particular subregions and in ways that are consistent with neurobiological observations in nonhuman animals. This study establishes a technique to uncover the functional architecture of the periaqueductal gray in humans.
Nucleolin mediates nucleosome disruption critical for DNA double-strand break repair
Authors: Goldstein Michael , Derheimer Frederick A. , Tait-Mulder Jacqueline , Kastan Michael B. 
Published: October 2013

Significance
Recognition and repair of DNA lesions are critical for maintaining genomic stability and reducing the generation of mutations that lead to cancer development. A mechanism of chromatin alteration is described here that is essential for repair of DNA double-strand breaks. The histone chaperone, nucleolin, is recruited to sites of DNA breaks via binding to RAD50 of the MRE11-NBS1-RAD50 complex, where it removes histone proteins H2A and H2B from the nucleosome at the break site. This nucleosome disruption allows DNA repair proteins to access the DNA lesion and facilitate repair of the DNA break. Clinical implications of these findings include the identification of new targets, such as nucleolin, that could be modulated to enhance sensitivity of tumor cells to radiation therapy.
Selecting antagonistic antibodies that control differentiation through inducible expression in embryonic stem cells
Authors: Melidoni Anna N. , Dyson Michael R. , Wormald Sam , McCafferty John 
Published: October 2013

Significance
The ability to control and direct differentiation of stem cells for research or therapeutic applications relies on the availability of ligands that control specific signaling pathways. Natural ligands exhibit promiscuous interactions and have limited availability because of their poor expression/stability profiles. In contrast, antibodies exhibit exquisite specificity and have optimal expression properties. Antibodies that block or activate receptor signaling have great potential for controlling differentiation, but their identification is laborious. Herein we describe an innovative system for identifying functional antibodies by introducing antibody gene populations into ES cells. Antibody-expressing ES clones with altered differentiation outcomes can be readily identified using lineage-specific gene-expression markers. The antibody gene can then be recovered for antibody production and use.
Hippo signaling disruption and Akt stimulation of ovarian follicles for infertility treatment
Authors: Kawamura Kazuhiro , Cheng Yuan , Suzuki Nao , Deguchi Masashi , Sato Yorino , Takae Seido , Ho Chi-hong , Kawamura Nanami , Tamura Midori , Hashimoto Shu , Sugishita Yodo , Morimoto Yoshiharu , Hosoi Yoshihiko , Yoshioka Nobuhito , Ishizuka Bunpei , Hsueh Aaron J. 
Published: October 2013

Significance
Human ovaries hold follicles containing oocytes. When follicles mature, they release eggs for fertilization. Patients with primary ovarian insufficiency develop menopausal symptoms at less than 40 y of age. They have few remaining follicles and their only chance for bearing a baby is through egg donation. Kawamura et al. demonstrated that Hippo and Akt signaling pathways regulate follicle growth. Using an in vitro activation approach, they first removed ovaries from infertile patients, followed by fragmentation to disrupt Hippo signaling and drug treatment to stimulate Akt signaling. After grafting ovarian tissues back to patients, they found rapid follicle growth in some patients and successfully retrieved mature eggs. After in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer, a live birth is now reported.
Physics-based method to validate and repair flaws in protein structures
Authors: Martin Osvaldo A. , Arnautova Yelena A. , Icazatti Alejandro A. , Scheraga Harold A. , Vila Jorge A. 
Published: October 2013

Significance
Protocols for NMR determination of high-resolution protein structures in solution require, among other things, an accurate method with which to assess the quality of protein structures. It is important that such a validation method provide information as to where structural flaws are and how they can be repaired. So far, no generally accepted validation method with these characteristics appears to exist for evaluation of protein structures in solution. As an approach to find a solution to this long-standing problem, we developed a method to detect flaws in protein structures at the residue level and also to provide a way to repair these flaws.
Prognostic significance of 2-hydroxyglutarate levels in acute myeloid leukemia in China
Authors: Wang Jiang-Han , Chen Wen-Lian , Li Jun-Min , Wu Song-Fang , Chen Tian-Lu , Zhu Yong-Mei , Zhang Wei-Na , Li Yang , Qiu Yun-Ping , Zhao Ai-Hua , Mi Jian-Qing , Jin Jie , Wang Yun-Gui , Ma Qiu-Ling , Huang He , Wu De-Pei , Wang Qin-Rong , Li Yan , Yan Xiao-Jing , Yan Jin-Song , Li Jian-Yong , Wang Shuai , Huang Xiao-Jun , Wang Bing-Shun , Jia Wei , Shen Yang , Chen Zhu , Chen Sai-Juan 
Published: October 2013

Significance
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) consists of a group of hematopoietic malignancies with considerable diversities in clinical and biological features. Recently, not only genetic abnormalities but also “oncometabolites,” such as 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG), have been found to play a role in driving AML pathogenesis and serve as potential disease markers. In this study on a large cohort of AML, we found that the serum 2-HG level was increased in 62 of 367 (17%) cases with distinct hematologic and biological features. Survival analysis performed in 234 patients without prognostic cytogenetic markers showed that increased 2-HG level was a poor predictor, demonstrating the potential of serum 2-HG as an independent marker for outcome evaluation of AML.
Activation of MRTF-A–dependent gene expression with a small molecule promotes myofibroblast differentiation and wound healing
Authors: Velasquez Lissette S. , Sutherland Lillian B. , Liu Zhenan , Grinnell Frederick , Kamm Kristine E. , Schneider Jay W. , Olson Eric N. , Small Eric M. 
Published: October 2013

Significance
Myofibroblasts are contractile smooth muscle-like cells that control tissue repair and remodeling. Inappropriate myofibroblast differentiation can cause organ fibrosis or inefficient wound healing. In this article, we demonstrate that myocardin-related transcription factor (MRTF)-A is necessary for myofibroblast differentiation. We also identify an isoxazole ring-containing small molecule that stimulates MRTF-A–dependent gene expression, myofibroblast differentiation, and wound healing. These findings suggest that targeting MRTFs pharmacologically may prove useful in treating fibrotic diseases.
Reversible growth factor dependency and autonomy during murine myelomonocytic leukemia induced by oncogenes
Authors: Metcalf Donald , Glaser Stefan P. , Xu Zhen , Di Rago Ladina , Mifsud Sandra 
Published: October 2013

Significance
This study is of particular interest because it analyzes the action of two fusion oncogenes common in human acute myeloid leukemia. The study documents the immediate action of these oncogenes in murine fetal liver cells in abnormally extending the proliferative capacity of the transfected cells. More intriguing is the growth factor dependency of most of the leukemic cells developing and the ability of presumptively end-stage irreversible autonomous leukemic cells to generate factor-dependent progeny.
What satisfactions do self‐publishing authors gain from the process?
Authors: BAVERSTOCK Alison , STEINITZ Jackie 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTThis paper, a follow‐up to our previous Learned Publishing paper (http://dx.doi.org/10.1087/20130310), extends the reporting of new research into the motivations, demographics, processes, and outcomes of self‐publishing authors. The research findings challenge traditionally held notions about the lack of satisfaction in either the process or final product in self‐publishing. By contrast, the authors researched emerged as very satisfied with the process of self‐publishing, likely to do it again and recommend it to others – and these trends were observed across all the demographic categories and types of content. The generally high rate of republishing among the cohort can be taken as further evidence of associated satisfaction. The research offers conclusions that are relevant to all stakeholders in publishing and provides a foundation for more specific research within particular publishing sectors and roles.
The Passing Away of the White Mughals and the Rise of a New Public Sphere
Authors: Pernau Margrit 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
This chapter discusses the change in relations between the colonial power and the Indian elite in the years around 1830. The author challenges the view that the White Mughals can be unequivocally attributed with a policy of peaceful cultural exchange and that only the transformation since 1830 spelled the end of entanglement between British and Indian culture and the policy of alliances. The first section traces the changing modes of communication between the colonial rulers and the indigenous elite by looking at Edward Colebrooke’s dishonourable discharge. The second section examines the murder of William Fraser and gives insight into the way the indigenous elite perceived an influential White Mughal. The third and fourth sections detail the history of the Delhi College the emergence of a new kind of public sphere around the Delhi College.
Noble Women, Courtesans, and Women’s Moral Reform
Authors: Pernau Margrit 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Gender history so far had laid a focus on the reform movements from the second half of the nineteenth century onwards. This chapter attempts to push the boundary backward to the developments of the first half of the century. The first section claims that at least the women of the nobility had a much stronger position before colonial rule. It was the intervention of the colonial power which curtailed their possibility to inherit pensions and revenue and strengthened the position of the head of the family, thereby reducing them to a dependent status. The second section examines courtesans, who occupied a space on the threshold between the public and private spheres. The third section shows how reformist Islam addressed women through the medium of fatwas and tracts, looking at the text Tuhfa uz Zujain, the ‘Gift for the Spouses’, by Nawab Qutb ud Din.
Education: The Colonial System and Cultural Nationalism
Authors: Pernau Margrit 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
For Delhi’s emerging middle classes, career opportunities within and outside the colonial system involved maintaining a precarious balance between collaboration and cultural nationalism. This chapter explores these entanglements and dislocations with the help of three examples. The first section deals with the unsuccessful struggle for maintaining the Delhi College in Delhi, which ended in the moving of higher education to Lahore. The second section is devoted to school education, particularly the Anglo-Arabic School. The third section shows how the Madrasa Tibbia, the school and subsequently college for Unani medicine, which was founded by the representatives of the Sharif Khani family, became a symbol with which the Delhi ashraf could identify as the symbol for their cultural identity.
Experimental semiotics applied to visual, sound, and musical structures
Authors: Kendall Roger A. , Lipscomb Scott D. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The relationship of music to film and multimedia has only recently received the attention of experimental psychologists and cognitive musicologists. This paper outlines theory, semiotical analysis, and experimental results using relations among variables of temporally organized visuals and music. First, a comparison and contrast is developed among the ideas in semiotics and experimental research, including both historical and recent developments. Then follows a musicological exploration. The resulting multidimensional structures of associative meanings, iconic meanings, and embodied meanings are applied to the analysis and interpretation of several classic film examples. Finally, experimental verification is provided. A series of experiments testing the perceptual fit of musical and visual patterns layered together in animations provided a determination of perceived goodness of fit between all pattern combinations, results of which confirmed aspects of the theory. However, exceptions were found when the complexity of the stratified stimuli possibly resulted in cognitive overload.