bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevention of cancer recurrence in tumor margins by stopping microcirculation in the tumor and tumor–host interface
Authors: Hori Katsuyoshi , Akita Hirotoshi , Nonaka Hiroi , Sumiyoshi Akira , Taki Yasuyuki 
Published: July 2014

Combretastatins interrupt blood flow of solid tumor vascular networks and lead to necrosis by blocking nutrients. However, tumors recover from tumor blood flow interruption‐induced damage and develop viable rims. To investigate why cancer recurs and its prevention, we used a combretastatin derivative, Cderiv (=AC7700), and analyzed changes in tumor–host interface (T‐HI) vessels, which were closest to cancer cells in the tumor margin after tumor vessel disruption, and the microenvironment surrounding them. Treatment with Cderiv (10 mg/kg) interrupted tumor blood flow in all regions of LY80 (a variant of Yoshida sarcoma) tumor, but not T‐HI vessel blood flow. The same Cderiv dose given 72 h after 5 Gy irradiation stopped T‐HI vessel blood flow and prevented cancer recurrence. Treatment in the reverse order, however, did not affect T‐HI vessel blood flow. The greatest difference between the two treatments was the occurrence of gradual T‐HI edema with the former. Severe T‐HI edema compressed T‐HI blood vessels, so that circulation stopped. Thus, the distance between a tumor margin and its nearest functioning host vessel became much larger, and the tumor marginal region became a microenvironment that lacked a nutritional supply. Cancer cells in tumor margins received nutrients through two circulation routes: tumor vessels and T‐HI vessels. Our starvation methods, which involved treatment with Cderiv 72 h after 5 Gy irradiation, blocked both circulation routes and may have great potential as a clinical strategy to prevent cancer recurrence.
Neue Entwicklungen zum Thema Epikutantest – aktuelle Daten aus der Deutschen Kontaktallergie‐Gruppe (DKG) und Informationsverbund Dermatologischer Kliniken (IVDK)
Authors: Mahler Vera , Geier Johannes , Schnuch Axel 
Published: July 2014

ZusammenfassungHintergrund und ZieleDie Bedeutung einzelner Kontaktallergene ist einem beständigen Wandel unterworfen, der wesentlich durch veränderte Expositionen aufgrund von Verbrauchervorlieben und der Gesetzesvorgaben beeinflusst wird. Ziele der Arbeit sind, Trends aus dem Epikutantest‐Kollektiv der DKG‐ und IVDK‐Kliniken darzustellen, die zur aktuellen Änderung (gültig ab 1.1.2014) der DKG‐Standardreihe geführt haben und die aktuell geltenden gesetzlichen Rahmenbedingungen darzulegen, die Einfluss auf diese Trends und die Durchführung der Epikutantestung zur Aufklärung von Kontaktallergien haben.Patienten und MethodikDas Epikutantestkollektiv aus 56 DKG‐/IVDK‐Kliniken der Jahre 2010 (n = 13 117), 2011 (n = 13 320), 2012 (n = 12 529) wurde bezüglich der Sensibilisierungshäufigkeiten (Hitliste) auf Kontaktallergene und Lokalisationen allergischer Kontaktekzeme ausgewertet.ErgebnisseMit über 15 % Sensibilisierungshäufigkeit stellt Nickel noch immer das am häufigsten erkannte Kontaktallergen dar. Eine Zunahme der Sensibilisierungshäufigkeit auf Duftstoff‐Mix I auf 9,1 % und auf das Konservierungsmittelgemisch aus Chlormethylisothiazolinon/Methylisothiazolinon (MCI/MI) auf 4,5 %, sowie auf Methylisothiazolinon (MI) alleine auf 6,8 % ist zu verzeichnen. Ein Abwärtstrend zeigt sich für Kaliumdichromat von über 6 % (2007) auf 3 % (2012) und für Bufexamac (derzeit bei 0,6 %). Die Hintergründe, gesetzliche Rahmenbedingungen und resultierende Aktualisierung der DKG‐Standardreihe werden dargestellt.SchlussfolgerungenDie aufgezeigten Trends demonstrieren die Bedeutung der klinischen Epidemiologie und „Wächterfunktion“ von DKG und IVDK im Hinblick auf öffentliche Gesundheitsfürsorge und die Prävention von Kontaktallergien.
Trichophyton Spezies von Arthroderma benhamiae – ein neuer Infektionserreger in der Dermatologie
Authors: Nenoff Pietro , Uhrlaß Silke , Krüger Constanze , Erhard Marcel , Hipler Uta‐Christina , Seyfarth Florian , Herrmann Jürgen , Wetzig Tino , Schroedl Wieland , Gräser Yvonne 
Published: July 2014

ZusammenfassungIn Deutschland kommen seit einigen Jahren Infektionen durch den zoophilen Dermatophyten Trichophyton (T.) Spezies von Arthroderma benhamiae vor. Das Reservoir für diesen neuen Erreger – ein emerging pathogen – überlappt mit dem des zoophilen T. interdigitale. Insbesondere Meerschweinchen sind Carrier. T. Spezies von Arthroderma benhamiae verursacht eine entzündliche Tinea bei Kindern und Jugendlichen. Neben der Tinea capitis werden Tinea corporis und Tinea manus verursacht, vor allem jedoch die Tinea faciei. T. Spezies von Arthroderma benhamiae ist in Deutschland ein häufiger zoophiler Dermatophyt, in manchen Regionen häufiger als Microsporum canis. Die Identifizierung der Isolate mit gelb gefärbten Kolonien ist anhand makro‐ und mikroskopischer Merkmale möglich. Ein Teil der Isolate weist jedoch Koloniemerkmale auf, welche mit denen von T. interdigitale übereinstimmen. Diese Stämme lassen sich nur mittels molekularer Methoden identifizieren. Mit einem PCR‐ELISA oder real‐time PCR kann der Dermatophyt direkt im klinischen Material nachgewiesen werden. Als Kulturbestätigungstest hat sich die Sequenzierung der internal transcribed spacer Region (ITS) der ribosomalen DNA bewährt. Auch die matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF MS) ist dafür geeignet. Die Behandlung von ausgedehnten Dermatophytosen durch T. Spezies von Arthroderma benhamiae, insbesondere der Tinea capitis, erfolgt mit oralen Antimykotika, am besten Terbinafin; Alternativen sind Fluconazol und Itraconazol.
Field cage evaluation of interspecific interaction of two aphelinid parasitoids and biocontrol effect on Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) Middle East‐Asia Minor 1
Authors: Xu Hai‐Yun , Yang Nian‐Wan , Wan Fang‐Hao 
Published: July 2014

AbstractTo explore sustainably effective biological control measures to suppress the super pest Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) Middle East‐Asia Minor 1 and better understand the biological control effects of single and multiple releases of parasitoids, we evaluated the performance and interaction of two aphelinid parasitoids of B. tabaci, Eretmocerus hayati Zolnerowich & Rose (an exotic primary parasitoid) and Encarsia sophia (Girault & Dodd) (an autoparasitoid, which is controversial in a biological control program). Single species or two species were jointly (1:1 density ratio) released in field cages on cotton in Hebei province, China, in 2010. Results of the field cage experiment showed that all parasitoid release treatments were successful in reducing the densities of the host B. tabaci relative to the control in which no parasitoid was released. The combined release of two parasitoid species showed the highest control effect among the treatments. Different population growth trajectories indicated asymmetric competitive effects of En. sophia on Er. hayati. The densities of Er. hayati were significantly higher in the Er. hayati alone treatment than in the combined release treatment, while densities of En. sophia were lower in the En. sophia alone treatment than in the combined release treatment. Our results demonstrated interspecific competition between autoparasitoid En. sophia and exotic primary parasitoid Er. hayati. However, no evidence indicated that autoparasitoid En. sophia disrupted the host suppression achieved by primary parasitoid Er. hayati. The release of the autoparasitoid together with the primary parasitoid may not influence host suppression in biological control.
Novel KRT14 mutation causing epidermolysis bullosa simplex with variable phenotype
Authors: Jankowski Marek , Wertheim‐Tysarowska Katarzyna , Jakubowski Rafal , Sota Justyna , Nowak Wieslaw , Czajkowski Rafal 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAbout 75% of cases of epidermolysis bullosa simplex result from mutations in KRT5 and KRT14 genes. Here, we report a family with a novel heterozygous missense mutation p.Leu418Gln in the KRT14 gene causing EBS of phenotype varying from EBS‐loc to EBS‐gen intermed. To the best of our knowledge, the family reported by us is the largest one in which two different phenotypes can be distinguished. The molecular dynamics simulations show that p.Leu418Gln mutation results in clear disruption of intermolecular π‐stacking between KRT14:Tyr415 and KRT5:Tyr470, which in turn may affect putative phosphorylation site at KRT14:Thr414. This study further supports the importance of the EIATYR/KLLEGE motif in maintaining structural stability of KRT14:KRT5 heterodimer and indicates that physical properties of introduced amino acid can modulate the disease severity. The results obtained indicate further need of genotype–phenotype studies in EBS. In conclusion, genotype‐based prognosis should be given to patients with caution.
Eicosapentaenoic acid/arachidonic acid ratio as a possible link between non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular disease
Authors: Ishitobi Tomokazu , Hyogo Hideyuki , Kan Hiromi , Hiramatsu Akira , Arihiro Koji , Aikata Hiroshi , Chayama Kazuaki 
Published: July 2014

AimThe main causes of mortality from non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are cardiovascular disease (CVD) and malignancy. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)/arachidonic acid (AA) ratio is known to be associated with CVD. However, a possible link between EPA/AA ratio and NAFLD is not well known. In this study, we investigated EPA/AA ratio in Japanese patients with NAFLD.MethodsTwo hundred and fifty‐four patients with biopsy‐proven NAFLD were retrospectively enrolled. Serum EPA/AA ratios were examined for each generation (<35, 35–44, 45–54, 55–64, ≥65 years), and the differences of EPA/AA ratios were evaluated based on steatotic grades and fibrotic stages.ResultsEPA/AA ratio in NAFLD patients was decreased compared to that reported in age‐matched healthy controls. EPA/AA ratio, body mass index, total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and steatotic grades in younger NAFLD patients were significantly worse than those in older NAFLD patients. Fasting glucose, hemoglobin A1c and fibrotic stages in older NAFLD patients were significantly higher than those in younger NAFLD patients. No relation was found between EPA/AA ratio and histological findings.ConclusionEPA/AA ratio was lower in NAFLD, especially in younger NAFLD patients. Considering the high mortality from CVD in NAFLD patients, low EPA/AA ratio in young age may influence the increased prevalence of CVD in their older age. EPA/AA ratio is suggested to be a possible link between NAFLD and CVD, and would become a useful marker for CVD in NAFLD.
Influence of liver toxicities on prognosis after stereotactic body radiation therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Sanuki Naoko , Takeda Atsuya , Oku Yohei , Eriguchi Takahisa , Nishimura Shuichi , Aoki Yosuke , Kunieda Etsuo 
Published: July 2014

AimTo better define clinically relevant non‐classic radiation‐induced liver disease (RILD) following stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) in patients with small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated the influence of acute liver toxicities on fatal hepatic failure in HCC patients treated with SBRT. Between April 2006 and February 2012, 194 HCC were treated with SBRT. Among them, patients followed up for more than 6 months were eligible. Laboratory results and Child–Pugh (CP) scores were obtained before treatment and at monthly follow‐up visits. Toxicities were evaluated by the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.0. Possible definitions of RILD were evaluated with respect to fatal hepatic failure within 12 months.ResultsOne hundred and eighty HCC were evaluated with a median follow‐up of 28.2 months. Fatal hepatic failure within 12 months occurred in eight patients (4%). On univariate analysis, grade 3 or more elevated transaminases, CP score of 8 or more, and/or grade 3 or more decreased platelet count significantly predicted fatal hepatic failure within 12 months. Combinations of these factors (i.e. having at least one criterion) also predicted fatal hepatic failure within 12 months (16% with criteria vs 1% without criteria). Two‐year overall survival rates for patients with and without RILD was 64.9% and 83.8% (P < 0.001), respectively.ConclusionWe identified three criteria that affected overall survival in HCC patients treated with SBRT. Further prospective studies are warranted to validate the safety and effect of SBRT for HCC.
Effect of solution pH and activated carbon dosage on the decolourization ability, nitrogen components and antioxidant activity of peanut meal hydrolysate
Authors: Xiao Chuqiao , Zheng Lin , Su Guowan , Zhao Mouming 
Published: July 2014

SummaryActivated carbon was used to remove the colour of peanut meal hydrolysate. Effects of solution pH and activated carbon dosages on the decolourization efficiency, nitrogen components and antioxidant activity of the hydrolysate were investigated. The results showed that the colour and the undigested protein or large peptides could be removed efficiently under acidic condition (pH 2.0–4.0), while less small peptides were adsorbed under this condition. Among these total amino acids (AAs), the loss of aromatic AA (Tyr and Phe) was the largest regardless of the solution pH. Greater loss of acidic AA (Glu and Asp) was observed under acidic condition, while the loss of basic AA (His, Lys and Arg) followed the opposite trend. The antioxidant activity of the hydrolysate was also reduced after decolourization, which was likely due to the loss of total phenolics and peptides containing aromatic and/or acidic AA.
Multi‐scale structural and digestion properties of wheat starches with different amylose contents
Authors: Zhou Zhongkai , Zhang Yan , Chen Xiaoshan , Zhang Min , Wang Zhiwei 
Published: July 2014

SummaryThe physicochemical and digestion properties of three wheat starches with different amylose contents were studied. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed they displayed a spherical disc‐like form, a lenticular shape and an irregular morphology, respectively. Compared with waxy and normal wheat starches, high‐amylose wheat starch (HAWS) was characterised by the presence of lower molecular weight amylose fraction, and its granules demonstrated the highest resistance to the cooking. The changes in the IR ratio 1022/999–1047/1022 cm−1 following the gel storage suggested the molecules of HAWS are more readily to re‐associate and re‐organise into a more organised status than other two starches. The determination of glucose release showed that HAWS had the lowest digestion kinetics (P < 0.001), and this difference in the digestion properties between HAWS and the other two starches might imply that starch molecular structure, in particular amylose structure is another key factor for manipulating starch digestion property rather than amylose content alone.
Fecal Sterols in Infants; Bile Acids and Steroids 194
Authors: Gustafsson J.‐Å. , Werner B. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe predominant sterols in feces of 31 infants have been studied by gas‐liquid chromatography and gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. Cholesterol, β‐sitosterol, and campesterol were the predominant sterols in feces of infants under one year of age. At about the age of 1 year, coprostanol began to appear in feces; after this time the predominant fecal sterols were coprostanol, cholesterol, campesterol, 24α‐ethylcoprostanol, and β‐sitosterol. The sterol pattern of feces of infants from 5 months of age up to the highest age investigated (1 year and 9 months), however, was characterized by considerable individual variation.
The Purity of Two Commercial p‐aminohippurate Preparations
Authors: Frederiksen S. , Nissen O. I. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractP‐aminohippuric acid (PAH) preparations made by “Koch‐Light” and “Fluka” were analyzed by a column chromatographic technique using columns of Dowex‐1‐Cl−, 200—400 mesh, ×2 and Dowex‐50‐H+, 200—400 mesh, ×12. A commonly used procedure for determination of PAH in plasma and urine was applied to the effluents. The preparations contained impurities giving positive PAH reaction in concentrations of 1.3 % (Koch‐Light) and 0.3 % (Fluka) expressed as PAH. The major parts of the contaminants are probably p‐aminobenzoic acid, 1.2 % and 0.2 %, respectively.
Beta‐Adrenergic Blockade and Central Circulation during Exercise in Sitting Position in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Furberg C. , Schmalensee G. v. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe effect of a beta‐adrenergic blockade on central circulation during exercise in a sitting position has been examined in 8 healthy young men. After oral administration of propranolol in doses of about 0.22 mg/kg b.wt. there were significant decreases in pulse rate, cardiac output and mean pressure in the brachial artery during exercise. An increase of a‐v oxygen difference and of mean pressure in the pulmonary artery was noted. No systematic change was noted in oxygen uptake and stroke volume respectively during the beta‐blockade. The physical working capacity at pulse 170 increased on an average by 15 % after propranolol. This increase was made possible primarily through a better peripheral oxygen utilization and could only be explained to a minor extent by an increase in stroke volume.
Amine Formation by Rat Mast Cells in vitro
Authors: Slorach Stuart A. , Uvnäs Börje 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe effects of incubation temperature, time, pH, cell concentration, pyridoxal and aminoguanidine on 14C histamine formation by rat mast cells in vitro were investigated. It was shown that disruption of the cells by physical means (sonication, freezing and thawing and hypotonic shock) or treatment with the histamine releaser ATP caused a marked reduction in histamine formation. In contrast to this, treatment of the cells with compound 48/80 caused an increase in histamine formation. After water lysis and centrifugation the histidine decarboxylase activity was found predominantly in the non‐particulate fraction. The cells were also shown to decarboxylate 5HTP and dopa in vitro, forming 5HT and dopamine. Hydroxylation of phenylalanine, tyrosine or tryptophan could not be demonstrated. This suggests that the reason why normal rat peritoneal and pleural mast cells contain relatively low amounts of 5HT (compared to histamine) and no dopamine is the unavailability of the immediate precursors (5HTP and dopa) and their inability to synthesize these by hydroxylation of tryptophan or tyrosine.
A “Two‐Compartment Diver” in the Micro‐Diver Technique
Authors: Hamberger Lars 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA technique is described which makes it possible and easy to mix solutions in the micro‐diver at any time during an experiment. The mixing procedure is completed within 5 min and does not in itself cause any alterations in the rate of gas consumption. This two‐compartment diver can be used for measurements of gas consumptions in the order of 10−4 μl/hr, thus allowing determinations on single cells. Some results from experiments on isolated granulosa cells from the rat ovary are reported to illustrate the usefulness of the technique.
Post‐Tetanic Decurarization in Developing Cat Leg Muscles
Authors: Nyström Bo 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe effect of a conditioning tetanization on the twitch tension and size of compound muscle action potentials of subsequent twitches has been studied in partly curarized gastrocnemius and soleus muscles of kittens, ranging in age from 3—140 days, and adult cats. Nembutal® anesthesia was used. Comparisons were made with results obtained in non‐curarized animals.At all ages, a post‐tetanic increase in twitch tension in both muscles, when partly curarized, was accompanied by a similar increase in size of the muscle action potentials.In adult cats, high‐frequency tetanizations (250—450 c/sec) were more effective than low (45 c/sec) in eliciting the decurarizing effect. In young kittens, both were about equally effective.The effect of tetanization on the half relaxation time of post‐tetanic twitches was found to differ in normal and in partly curarized gastrocnemius muscles, whereas this did not apply to the soleus of young kittens.In both muscles, the post‐tetanic effects seen in non‐curarized and in partly curarized muscles differed with respect to the muscle action potential changes, as well as to the time course and frequency‐dependence of twitch potentiation. This indicates that the PTP of twitch tension found in normal muscles is, most probably, brought about mainly by a mechanism other than recruitment of muscle fibres.
Position and Velocity Sensitivity of Muscle Spindles in the Cat. IV. Interaction Between Two Fusimotor Fibres Converging on the Same Spindle Ending
Authors: Lennerstrand Gunnar 
Published: July 2014

AbstractPosition and velocity responses have been measured during the co‐activation of two indentified fusimotor fibres influencing the same primary or secondary ending in the ankle extensor or flexor muscles of the cat. The effect of double‐fibre activation has been compared with that of stimulating the participating single‐fibres in isolation. During the activation of a dynamic‐static combination complete ‘occlusion’ was usually encountered in the steady discharge at ‘zero’ extension, in the position sensitivity and in the velocity responses to length decrement. Larger responses than any of the two individual actions occurred in the response to dynamic length increment. In the dynamic‐dynamic and in many of the static‐static double‐activations the responses were indistinguishable from those of single‐fibre stimulation at higher stimulus frequency. Other static‐static combinations gave rise to ‘averaging’ of the two single‐fibre effects; this was seen in the position sensitivity and in the velocity responses particularly during static I—static II co‐activations. Possible modes of fusimotor interaction in the spindle are discussed.
Fusimotor Effects on Position and Velocity Sensitivity of Spindle Endings in the External Intercostal Muscle of the Gat
Authors: Andersson Bengt F. , Lennerstrand Gunnar , Thoden Uwe 
Published: July 2014

AbstractPosition and velocity responses of spindle endings in the external intercostal muscle of the cat have been determined in the absence and in the presence of fusimotor fibre stimulation at a constant rate. The length input signal had triangular wave form. A close functional resemblance was found between intercostal and leg muscle spindles: primary and secondary endings could be separated among intercostal afferents with the same methods that have been used in leg muscles; dynamic and static fibres were discerned and the fusimotor effects on position and velocity sensitivity were the same as in the hind limb; the ratio between dynamic and static fibres was about 1: 3, i.e. the same as in the hind leg. Some dissimilarities existed: the number of ‘intermediate’ endings was larger in the intercostal than in the leg muscles; position and velocity sensitivities were generally larger in intercostal endings. These discrepancies are discussed. As a general conclusion it is stated that a spindle model elaborated from studies on leg spindles can easily be modified to account also for intercostal spindle behaviour.
Influence of Acetylcholine and Biogenic Amines on Branchial, Pulmonary and Systemic Vascular Resistance in the African Lungfish, Protopterus Aethiopicus
Authors: Johansen Kjell , Reite Ola B. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe effects of acetylcholine and biogenic amines on the main vascular beds in lungfish were studied in intact animals and in isolated preparations perfused with physiological solution. Acetylcholine, histamine and serotonin increased the branchial as well as the pulmonary and the systemic vascular resistance. The sensitivity to acetylcholine was highest in the branchial blood vessels. Adrenaline and noradrenaline caused increased resistance in pulmonary and systemic blood vessels, whereas the branchial vascular bed usually responded by dilatation. The results are discussed in relation to the vascular responses obtained with the same pharmacological agents in other species of fish.