bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computational Lexical Analysis of the Language Commonly Used to Describe Gout
Authors: Lawrence Edwards N. , Malouf Robert , Perez‐Ruiz Fernando , Richette Pascal , Southam Siobhan , DiChiara Matthew 
Published: September 2015

ObjectiveTo characterize the current language that is used in describing and defining gout, its symptoms, and its treatment by reviewing recent publications in rheumatology and determining how word choice may, or may not, be reflective of recent scientific developments in gout specifically.MethodsThis was a computational linguistics study, using collocations analyses and concordance analyses on a database of scientific literature related to gout. The final data set for analysis included 2,590 articles, all relating to gout and published between May 2003 and May 2013 and amounting to 12,101,036 tokens (sentence segments). Analysis was conducted by a team of linguists and social scientists.ResultsOur primary finding is that current disease language in gout is marked by ambiguity and imprecision, as evidenced by numerous terms that have similar but distinct meanings, but are nevertheless used interchangeably, therefore blending the slight but significant distinctions between these words. Whereas treatment language is characterized by a multitude of terms to describe a therapeutic mechanism of action, there is a relative void of terms and phrases used to describe success (treating to target) in gout.ConclusionThe data suggest that the language used to describe gout could be improved and updated. A transformation from an antiquated and insufficiently descript terminological set to one that reflects the recent scientific and clinical advancements made in the category would maximize opportunities for patient and physician understanding.
Can Creatine Supplementation Improve Body Composition and Objective Physical Function in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients? A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Wilkinson Thomas J. , Lemmey Andrew B. , Jones Jeremy G. , Sheikh Fazal , Ahmad Yasmeen A. , Chitale Sarang , Maddison Peter J. , O'brien Thomas D. 
Published: September 2015

ObjectiveRheumatoid cachexia (muscle wasting) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients contributes to substantial reductions in strength and impaired physical function. The objective of this randomized controlled trial was to investigate the effectiveness of oral creatine (Cr) supplementation in increasing lean mass and improving strength and physical function in RA patients.MethodsIn a double‐blind design, 40 RA patients were randomized to either 12 weeks’ supplementation of Cr or placebo. Body composition (dual x‐ray absorptiometry and bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy [BIS]), strength, and objectively assessed physical function were measured at baseline, day 6, week 12, and week 24. Data analysis was performed by analysis of covariance.ResultsCr supplementation increased appendicular lean mass (ALM; a surrogate measure of muscle mass) by mean ± SE 0.52 ± 0.13 kg (P = 0.004 versus placebo), and total LM by 0.60 ± 0.37 kg (P = 0.158). The change in LM concurred with the gain in intracellular water (0.64 ± 0.22 liters; P = 0.035) measured by BIS. Despite increasing ALM, Cr supplementation, relative to placebo, failed to improve isometric knee extensor strength (P = 0.408), handgrip strength (P = 0.833), or objectively assessed physical function (P = 0.335–0.764).ConclusionIn patients with RA, Cr supplementation increased muscle mass, but not strength or objective physical function. No treatment‐related adverse effects were reported, suggesting that Cr supplementation may offer a safe and acceptable adjunct treatment for attenuating muscle loss; this treatment may be beneficial for patients experiencing severe rheumatoid cachexia.
Lupus Means Sacrifices: Perspectives of Adolescents and Young Adults With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Tunnicliffe David J. , Singh‐Grewal Davinder , Chaitow Jeffrey , Mackie Fiona , Manolios Nicholas , Lin Ming‐Wei , O'neill Sean G. , Ralph Angelique F. , Craig Jonathan C. , Tong Allison 
Published: September 2015

ObjectiveDisease activity, organ damage, and treatment burden are often substantial in children and adolescents with systemic lupus erythematous (SLE), and the complex interplay among the developing child, parents, and peers makes effective management difficult. We aimed to describe the experiences and perspectives of adolescents and young adults diagnosed with juvenile‐onset SLE to inform strategies for improving treatment and health outcomes.MethodsFocus groups and face‐to‐face semistructured interviews were conducted with 26 patients ages 14–26 years, from 5 Australian hospitals in 2013–2014. Focus groups and interview transcripts were thematically analyzed.ResultsFive themes were identified: marring identity (misrepresented self, heightened self‐consciousness, sense of isolation), restricting major life decisions (narrowed career options, threat to parenthood), multifaceted confusion and uncertainty (frustration at delayed diagnosis or misdiagnosis, needing age and culturally appropriate information, ambiguity about cause of symptoms, prognostic uncertainty, confronting transition to adult care), resentment of long‐term treatment (restricting ambition, animosity toward medication use), and gaining resilience and coping capacities (desire for independence, developing self‐reliance, recalibrating perceived disease severity, depending on family and friends, trusting physicians).ConclusionYoung patients with SLE perceive they have substantially limited physical and social capacities and restricted personal and career goals. Psychosocial and educational interventions targeted at improving confidence, self‐efficacy, disease‐related knowledge, and social support, and at resolving insecurities regarding patients’ capacity for self‐management may alleviate psychosocial distress and improve adherence, and thus optimize health outcomes of adolescents and young adults with SLE.
Expedient Iodocyclization Approach Toward Polysubstituted 3H‐Benzo[e]indoles
Authors: Martins Guilherme M. , Zeni Gilson , Back Davi F. , Kaufman Teodoro S. , Silveira Claudio C. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA facile and expedient iodocyclization of 4‐(2‐prop‐1‐ynylphenyl)‐1H‐pyrroles towards the synthesis of polysubstituted 3H‐benzo[e]indoles is reported. The transformation was optimized and the best results were obtained by using iodine (1.2 equiv,) in dichloromethane, and potassium carbonate as base. The starting 1,2,3,4‐tetrasubstituted pyrroles were efficiently obtained by means of a nickel(II) chloride‐promoted four‐component (nitromethane, amine, 2‐alkynylbenzaldehyde and ethyl acetoacetate) reaction. Further functionalization of the resulting 5‐iodoheterocycles was also explored.magnified image
Polyanthraquinone as a Reliable Organic Electrode for Stable and Fast Lithium Storage
Authors: Song Zhiping , Qian Yumin , Gordin Mikhail L. , Tang Duihai , Xu Terrence , Otani Minoru , Zhan Hui , Zhou Haoshen , Wang Donghai 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn spite of recent progress, there is still a lack of reliable organic electrodes for Li storage with high comprehensive performance, especially in terms of long‐term cycling stability. Herein, we report an ideal polymer electrode based on anthraquinone, namely, polyanthraquinone (PAQ), or specifically, poly(1,4‐anthraquinone) (P14AQ) and poly(1,5‐anthraquinone) (P15AQ). As a lithium‐storage cathode, P14AQ showed exceptional performance, including reversible capacity almost equal to the theoretical value (260 mA h g−1; >257 mA h g−1 for AQ), a very small voltage gap between the charge and discharge curves (2.18–2.14=0.04 V), stable cycling performance (99.4 % capacity retention after 1000 cycles), and fast‐discharge/charge ability (release of 69 % of the low‐rate capacity or 64 % of the energy in just 2 min). Exploration of the structure–performance relationship between P14AQ and related materials also provided us with deeper understanding for the design of organic electrodes.
Microporous Molecular Materials from Dipeptides Containing Non‐proteinogenic Residues
Authors: Yadav Vitthal N. , Comotti Angiolina , Sozzani Piero , Bracco Silvia , Bonge‐Hansen Tore , Hennum Martin , Görbitz Carl Henrik 
Published: September 2015

AbstractDipeptides with two hydrophobic side chains have proved to be an exceptional source of microporous organic materials, but since previous structures were limited to the incorporation of only proteinogenic residues, their full potential as adsorbents has remained unexplored. Single‐crystal XRD data for ten new compounds with non‐proteinogenic L‐2‐aminobutanoic acid and/or L‐2‐amino‐pentanoic acid are presented. The gas‐phase accessibility of their crystal pores, with cross‐sections of 2.3 to 5.1 Å, was monitored by CO2 and CH4 adsorption isotherms. Included CO2 was also detected spectroscopically by 2D MAS NMR. An extensive conformational analysis reveals that the use of linear rather than branched side chains (such as L‐valine and L‐isoleucine) affords peptides with a greater degree of conformational freedom and yields more‐flexible channel surfaces that may easily adapt to a series of potential guest molecules.
Visible‐Light‐Mediated Generation of Nitrogen‐Centered Radicals: Metal‐Free Hydroimination and Iminohydroxylation Cyclization Reactions
Authors: Davies Jacob , Booth Samuel G. , Essafi Stephanie , Dryfe Robert A. W. , Leonori Daniele 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe formation and use of iminyl radicals in novel and divergent hydroimination and iminohydroxylation cyclization reactions has been accomplished through the design of a new class of reactive O‐aryl oximes. Owing to their low reduction potentials, the inexpensive organic dye eosin Y could be used as the photocatalyst of the organocatalytic hydroimination reaction. Furthermore, reaction conditions for a unique iminohydroxylation were identified; visible‐light‐mediated electron transfer from novel electron donor–acceptor complexes of the oximes and Et3N was proposed as a key step of this process.
Cp*CoIII Catalyzed Site‐Selective CH Activation of Unsymmetrical O‐Acyl Oximes: Synthesis of Multisubstituted Isoquinolines from Terminal and Internal Alkynes
Authors: Sun Bo , Yoshino Tatsuhiko , Kanai Motomu , Matsunaga Shigeki 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe synthesis of isoquinolines by site‐selective CH activation of O‐acyl oximes with a Cp*CoIII catalyst is described. In the presence of this catalyst, the CH activation of various unsymmetrically substituted O‐acyl oximes selectively occurred at the sterically less hindered site, and reactions with terminal as well as internal alkynes afforded the corresponding products in up to 98 % yield. Whereas the reactions catalyzed by the Cp*CoIII system proceeded with high site selectivity (15:1 to 20:1), use of the corresponding Cp*RhIII catalysts led to low selectivities and/or yields when unsymmetrical O‐acyl oximes and terminal alkynes were used. Deuterium labeling studies indicate a clear difference in the site selectivity of the CH activation step under Cp*CoIII and Cp*RhIII catalysis.
Characteristics and Survival of Anti–U1 RNP Antibody–Positive Patients With Connective Tissue Disease–Associated Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Sobanski Vincent , Giovannelli Jonathan , Lynch Bernadette M. , Schreiber Benjamin E. , Nihtyanova Svetlana I. , Harvey Jennifer , Handler Clive E. , Denton Christopher P. , Coghlan John G. 
Published: September 2015

ObjectivePulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe complication of connective tissue diseases (CTDs). This study aimed to investigate the clinical and hemodynamic characteristics and survival of anti–U1 RNP–positive patients with CTD‐associated PAH, with a focus on systemic sclerosis (SSc)–associated PAH.MethodsWe implemented a prospective database that included patients with CTD‐associated PAH for whom there were clinical, autoantibody, and mortality data. We compared clinical and hemodynamic characteristics to anti–U1 RNP antibody status. We then assessed whether anti–U1 RNP antibodies could be a prognostic factor in CTD‐associated PAH with a focus on SSc‐associated PAH.ResultsWe studied a total of 342 patients with CTD‐associated PAH, of whom 36 (11%) were anti–U1 RNP antibody positive. Anti–U1 RNP–positive patients were younger and less functionally impaired than were anti–U1 RNP–negative patients in CTD‐ and SSc‐associated PAH. Hemodynamic parameters were similar in anti–U1 RNP–positive and anti–U1 RNP–negative patients. In CTD‐associated PAH, anti–U1 RNP positivity was associated with decreased mortality in univariable analysis (hazard ratio 0.34 [95% confidence interval 0.18–0.65], P < 0.001). In multivariable analysis, anti–U1 RNP positivity was also associated with decreased mortality (hazard ratio 0.44 [95% confidence interval 0.20–0.97], P = 0.043) independently of age, sex, functional parameters, lung involvement, and hemodynamic parameters. Results were similar in SSc‐associated PAH, although the association between anti–U1 RNP positivity and survival did not reach significance in univariable (hazard ratio 0.47 [95% confidence interval 0.22–1.02], P = 0.055) and multivariable (hazard ratio 0.47 [95% confidence interval 0.20–1.11], P = 0.085) analyses.ConclusionAnti–U1 RNP positivity was associated with distinct clinical characteristics and survival in CTD‐ and SSc‐associated PAH. While hemodynamic parameters were similar in anti–U1 RNP–positive and anti–U1 RNP–negative patients, our results suggest that anti–U1 RNP positivity could be a factor protecting against mortality in CTD‐ and SSc‐associated PAH.
Imbalance Between Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 and Noggin Induces Abnormal Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: Xie Zhongyu , Wang Peng , Li Yuxi , Deng Wen , Zhang Xin , Su Hongjun , Li Deng , Wu Yanfeng , Shen Huiyong 
Published: September 2015

ObjectiveTo study the osteogenic differentiation capacity of bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM‐MSCs) from patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and to investigate the mechanisms of abnormal osteogenic differentiation of BM‐MSCs in AS.MethodsBM‐MSCs from healthy donors (HD‐MSCs) and patients with AS (AS‐MSCs) were cultured in osteogenic differentiation medium for 0–21 days, after which their osteogenic differentiation capacity was determined using alizarin red S and alkaline phosphatase assays. Gene expression levels of osteoblastic markers and related cytokines were detected by high‐throughput quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay was performed to detect protein levels of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP‐2) and Noggin in the cell culture supernatant. The activation of Smad1/5/8 and MAPK signaling pathways was measured by Western blotting. The balance between BMP‐2 and Noggin expression was regulated using lentiviruses encoding short hairpin RNA and exogenous Noggin, respectively, which enabled evaluation of how this balance affected osteogenic differentiation of AS‐MSCs.ResultsAS‐MSCs outperformed HD‐MSCs in osteogenic differentiation capacity. During osteogenic differentiation, AS‐MSCs secreted more BMP‐2 but less Noggin, accompanied by an overactivation of Smad1/5/8 and ERK‐1/2. When the Noggin concentration was increased or BMP‐2 expression was inhibited, the abnormal osteogenic differentiation of AS‐MSCs was rectified. In addition, the balance between BMP‐2 and Noggin secretion was restored.ConclusionThe results of this study demonstrate that an imbalance between BMP‐2 and Noggin secretion induces abnormal osteogenic differentiation of AS‐MSCs. These findings reveal a mechanism of pathologic osteogenesis in AS and provide a new perspective on inhibiting pathologic osteogenesis by regulating the balance between BMP‐2 and Noggin.
Patterns of Coexisting Lesions Detected on Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Relationship to Incident Knee Osteoarthritis: The Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study
Authors: Niu Jingbo , Felson David T. , Neogi Tuhina , Nevitt Michael C. , Guermazi Ali , Roemer Frank , Lewis Cora E. , Torner James , Zhang Yuqing 
Published: September 2015

ObjectiveTo identify patterns of coexisting lesions seen on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in knees that are free of radiographic osteoarthritis (OA) and to examine the relationship of these MRI‐detected lesions to incident OA.MethodsStudy subjects were individuals enrolled in the Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study, a prospective cohort study. In each subject, 1 knee in which radiographic OA was absent in both the tibiofemoral and patellofemoral joints at baseline was selected for study, with followup for 84 months. We used a novel approach, latent class analysis, to group the constellation of MRI lesions in each joint, i.e., cartilage damage, bone marrow lesion, meniscal tear, meniscal extrusion, synovitis, and effusion, into a manageable number of subgroups. The association of these subgroups with incident radiographic OA in the same joint was assessed using logistic regression.ResultsAmong 885 eligible knees (203 with incident disease in the tibiofemoral joint, 64 with incident disease in the patellofemoral joint), 4 latent subgroups in the tibiofemoral joint were identified (described briefly as minimal lesions, mild lesions, moderate lesions [but limited meniscal lesions], and severe lesions). The odds ratios of incident tibiofemoral joint OA in the latter 3 subgroups (compared to the knees with minimal lesions as the referent) were 5.6, 1.8, and 5.0, respectively. A similar set of 4 subgroups in the patellofemoral joint was identified, except that the fourth subgroup had limited meniscal lesions. The odds ratios of incident disease in the patellofemoral joint were 3.8, 5.1, and 13.7 in the subgroups with mild lesions, moderate lesions, and severe lesions, respectively.ConclusionDifferent patterns of coexisting MRI lesions, which have different implications with regard to risk of knee OA, were identified. Meniscal damage seemed to play a different role in the development of incident disease in tibiofemoral versus patellofemoral joints.
Breg Cells Are Numerically Decreased and Functionally Impaired in Patients With Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Mavropoulos Athanasios , Simopoulou Theodora , Varna Areti , Liaskos Christos , Katsiari Christina G. , Bogdanos Dimitrios P. , Sakkas Lazaros I. 
Published: September 2015

ObjectiveBreg cells, a regulatory cell subset that produces interleukin‐10 (IL‐10), play a significant role in suppressing autoimmune responses and preventing autoimmunity. This study was undertaken to examine the number and function of Breg cells in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc), a disease with many autoantibodies.MethodsForty‐five patients with SSc (12 with early SSc, 33 with established disease including 16 with SSc‐associated pulmonary fibrosis [PF]), 12 healthy control subjects, and 10 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA)–associated PF were studied. The phenotypes of immature/transitional Breg cells (CD19+CD24highCD38high) and memory Breg cells (CD19+CD27+CD24high) were evaluated by flow cytometry. The function of Breg cells was assessed by measuring the production of IL‐10 after B cell activation. In addition, activation of p38 MAPK and STAT‐3 was measured following stimulation of the cells with B cell receptor (BCR) and Toll‐like receptor 9 (TLR‐9).ResultsPercentages of memory Breg cells were decreased in patients with early SSc (mean ± SEM 1.85 ± 0.38%), those with established SSc (1.6 ± 0.88%), those with SSc‐associated PF (1.52 ± 0.17%), and those with RA‐associated PF (1.58 ± 0.26%), compared to healthy controls (6.3 ± 0.49%; each P < 0.001). Percentages of transitional Breg cells were also decreased. Expression of IL‐10 by Breg cells after stimulation with TLR‐9 was impaired in patients with SSc, particularly those with SSc‐associated PF. Activation of STAT‐3 and p38 MAPK was impaired in naive and memory B cells from patients with SSc after stimulation with BCR and TLR‐9. Expression of the stimulatory CD19 receptor was increased in B cells and also increased, to a lesser extent, in Breg cells from patients with SSc compared to healthy controls. Percentages of memory B cells were decreased in patients with SSc, particularly in those with SSc‐associated PF.ConclusionThis is the first study to demonstrate that Breg cells are phenotypically and functionally impaired in patients with SSc. Furthermore, in SSc, B cells exhibit impaired p38 MAPK and STAT‐3 activation upon stimulation with BCR and TLR‐9. The findings of decreased numbers of Breg cells along with increased expression of CD19 support the idea of B cell autoaggression acting as an immunopathogenic mediator in SSc.
Brief Report: Association of Inflammation With Development of Erosions in Patients With Hand Osteoarthritis: A Prospective Ultrasonography Study
Authors: Kortekaas Marion C. , Kwok Wing‐Yee , Reijnierse Monique , Stijnen Theo , Kloppenburg Margreet 
Published: September 2015

ObjectiveTo investigate the association between features of ultrasound‐detected inflammation and development of erosive disease in patients with hand osteoarthritis (OA) over 2.3 years of followup.MethodsThe study group comprised 56 consecutive patients with hand OA (mean age 61 years, 86% female) fulfilling the American College of Rheumatology criteria. Effusion, synovial thickening, and power Doppler signal in all interphalangeal (IP) joints were assessed with ultrasonography, using standardized methods, at baseline and followup. Radiographs were scored at both time points for osteophytes/joint space narrowing using the Osteoarthritis Research Society International method and for erosive disease (E phase [erosive] and R phase [remodeling]) using the method described by Verbruggen and Veys. Erosion development was defined as progression from N phase (normal) to E phase or R phase. Joints that were in E phase or R phase at baseline were excluded. Associations were analyzed using generalized estimating equations with adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, and baseline structural abnormalities.ResultsAt baseline, 51 IP joints (in 18 patients) and at followup 89 IP joints (in 26 patients) had erosions; thus, erosions developed in 38 IP joints. Moderate/severe synovial thickening and a power Doppler signal at baseline were associated with erosion development (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 8.8, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 2.4–32.3 and OR 7.1, 95% CI 1.9–26.9, respectively). Persistent inflammation was particularly associated with the development of erosions.ConclusionUltrasound‐detected features of inflammation are associated with the development of erosions in patients with hand OA, suggesting that inflammation plays a role in the pathogenesis of hand OA and could be a therapeutic target.