bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polyacrylamide‐based semi‐interpenetrating networks for entrapment of laccase and their use in azo dye decolorization
Authors: Koklukaya Selva Zeynep , Sezer Serdar , Aksoy Serpil , Hasirci Nesrin 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn this study, laccase from Trametes versicolor was immobilized in poly(acrylamide‐crotonic acid)/sodium alginate [P(AAm‐CrA)/alginate], poly(acrylamide‐crotonic acid)/K‐carrageenan [(P(AAm‐CrA)/K‐car)], poly(acrylamide‐citraconic acid)/sodium alginate (P(AAm‐CA)/alginate), and poly(acrylamide‐citraconic acid)/K‐carrageenan (P(AAm‐CA)/K‐car) semi‐interpenetrating network by entrapment method. Optimum pH and temperatures values were determined between 5.0–6.0 and 40–50 °C for free laccase (FL) and immobilized laccases, respectively. After 42 days of storage at 4 °C, FL and immobilized laccases retained their original activities in the range of 55%–73%. Percent decolorization of Acid Orange 52 by free enyzme and enyzmes immobilized in hydrogels was found between 63% and 39%. Percent decolorization of Acid Orange 52 in the presence of mediator by free enyzme was found 73% and enyzmes immobilized in hydrogels were found as 73%.
Butanol production by a Clostridium beijerinckii mutant with high ferulic acid tolerance
Authors: Liu Jun , Guo Ting , Wang Dong , Xu Jiahui , Ying Hanjie 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA mutant strain of Clostridium beijerinckii, with high tolerance to ferulic acid, was generated using atmospheric pressure glow discharge and high‐throughput screening of C. beijerinckii NCIMB 8052. The mutant strain M11 produced 7.24 g/L of butanol when grown in P2 medium containing 30 g/L of glucose and 0.5 g/L of ferulic acid, which is comparable to the production from non‐ferulic acid cultures (8.11 g/L of butanol). When 0.8 g/L of ferulic acid was introduced into the P2 medium, C. beijerinckii M11 grew well and produced 4.91 g/L of butanol. Both cell growth and butanol production of C. beijerinckii M11 were seriously inhibited when 0.9 g/L of ferulic acid was added into the P2 medium. Furthermore, C. beijerinckii M11 could produce 6.13 g/L of butanol using non‐detoxified hemicellulosic hydrolysate from diluted sulfuric acid‐treated corn fiber (SAHHC) as the carbon source. These results demonstrate that C. beijerinckii M11 has a high ferulic acid tolerance and is able to use non‐detoxified SAHHC for butanol production.
Structural elucidation of gemifloxacin mesylate degradation product
Authors: Paim Clésio Soldateli , Führ Fernanda , Martins Magda Targa , Gnoatto Simone , Bajerski Lisiane , Garcia Cássia Virginia , Steppe Martin , Schapoval Elfrides Eva Scherman 
Published: July 2015

AbstractGemifloxacin mesylate (GFM), chemically (R,S)‐7‐[(4Z)‐3‐(aminomethyl)‐4‐(methoxyimino)‐1‐pyrrolidinyl]‐1‐cyclopropyl‐6‐fluoro‐1,4‐dihydro‐4‐oxo‐1,8‐naphthyridine‐3‐carboxylic acid methanesulfonate, is a synthetic broad‐spectrum antibacterial agent. Although many papers have been published in the literature describing the stability of fluorquinolones, little is known about the degradation products of GFM. Forced degradation studies of GFM were performed using radiation (UV‐A), acid (1 mol L−1 HCl) and alkaline conditions (0.2 mol L−1 NaOH). The main degradation product, formed under alkaline conditions, was isolated using semi‐preparative LC and structurally elucidated by nuclear magnetic resonance (proton – 1H; carbon – 13C; correlate spectroscopy – COSY; heteronuclear single quantum coherence – HSQC; heteronuclear multiple‐bond correlation – HMBC; spectroscopy – infrared, atomic emission and mass spectrometry techniques). The degradation product isolated was characterized as sodium 7‐amino‐1‐pyrrolidinyl‐1‐cyclopropyl‐6‐fluoro‐1,4‐dihydro‐4‐oxo‐1,8‐naphthyridine‐3‐carboxylate, which was formed by loss of the 3‐(aminomethyl)‐4‐(methoxyimino)‐1‐pyrrolidinyl ring and formation of the sodium carboxylate. The structural characterization of the degradation product was very important to understand the degradation mechanism of the GFM under alkaline conditions. In addition, the results highlight the importance of appropriate protection against hydrolysis and UV radiation during the drug‐development process, storage, handling and quality control. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Life satisfaction and status among adolescent law offenders
Authors: Buunk Abraham P. , Peiró José María , Rocabert Esperanza , Dijkstra Pieternel 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackgroundLife satisfaction among young offenders may be affected by the subjective experience of their social status and by the feeling of being a ‘loser’ compared with others, but it is not clear what variables affect such experiences in this group.AimsTo examine relationships of type of sentence (prison or probation) and of gender with subjective social status, sense of defeat and life satisfaction among young offenders.MethodsOne hundred and five participants were randomly selected from a cohort of young offenders, stratifying for sentence type and for gender. They were interviewed by trained and experienced interviewers.ResultsYoung people in a correctional facility experienced lower life satisfaction and greater sense of defeat than those on probation. Independently of judicial measure, low life satisfaction was correlated with sense of defeat among young men but not young women, whereas among young women, but not young men, low life satisfaction was associated with low subjective status.Conclusions and implicationsOur findings of a correlation between sentence type and life satisfaction needs new, longitudinal research to determine the direction of this relationship. Whether low life satisfaction is predictive of a custodial disposal for young offenders or such a sentence lowers life satisfaction, those trying to supervise or help these young people may need to take account of it. Further, our findings suggest that young male and young female offenders should perhaps be treated in different ways to improve their sense of satisfaction with life, which may, in turn, reduce their risk of reoffending. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Carbon‐Based Nanostructures for Advanced Catalysis
Authors: Zhai Yanling , Zhu Zhijun , Dong Shaojun 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe development of state‐of‐the‐art catalysts plays a crucial role in the fields of materials science and engineering for efficient energy conversion and storage. Although some excellent catalysts have been developed, considerable challenges remain to bring down the cost and increase the activity of catalysts. The emergence of carbon materials (i.e., activated carbon, graphite, fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, diamond, graphene, etc.) provides an excellent alternative to traditional catalysts. Considerable effort has been made to develop diverse carbon‐based catalysts, including carbon in itself, heteroatom‐doped carbon, carbon supported catalysts, carbon hybrids, and so on. Additionally, tremendous progress has been achieved in various catalysis fields, such as chemical synthesis, gas or oil desulfurization, biosensor, energy storage and conversion, organism photodegradation, etc. This article reviews the versatility of carbon family, and their endless catalytic properties and applications, from the viewpoint of materials and chemistry.
Impact of Different Parameters for Pulsed‐Laser Welding of the Austenitic Stainless Steel 304
Authors: Gietzelt Thomas , Wunsch Torsten , Eichhorn Lutz , Dittmeyer Roland 
Published: July 2015

AbstractFor welding of delicate apparatuses made of thin sheet material, the distortion is strongly governed by the heat input. Parameter variations for pulsed‐laser welding were performed to study the influence of the energy input per unit length and per time as well as the impact of the pulse width and other parameters on the weld seam geometry. Even for a constant energy input per unit length, deviations of the cross section of the weld seam were observed due to different dissipation of the deposited energy. For the same energy input per unit length the geometry of the weld seam is strongly influenced by the pulse width. Also deviations from expected behavior were found and could be explained, e.g., by a shortfall in energy density to melt the material.
Surface Activation of Pt Nanoparticles Synthesised by “Hot Injection” in the Presence of Oleylamine
Authors: Humphrey Jo J. L. , Sadasivan Sajanikumari , Plana Daniela , Celorrio Verónica , Tooze Robert A. , Fermín David J. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractOleylamine (OA) based “hot injection” colloidal synthesis offers a versatile approach to the synthesis of highly monodisperse metallic and multi‐metallic alloyed nanostructures in the absence of potentially toxic and unstable phosphine compounds. For application in heterogeneous catalysis and electrocatalysis, the adsorbed OA species at the metal surfaces should be effectively removed without compromising the structure and composition of the nanostructures. Herein, we investigate the removal of OA from colloidal Pt nanoparticles through 1) “chemical methods” such as washing in acetic acid or ethanol, and ligand exchange with pyridine; and 2) thermal pre‐treatment between 185 and 400 °C in air, H2 or Ar atmospheres. The electrochemical reactivity of Pt nanoparticles is acutely affected by the presence of surface organic impurities, making this material ideal for monitoring the effectiveness of OA removal. The results showed that thermal treatment in Ar at temperatures above 400 °C provides highly active particles, with reactivity comparable to the benchmark commercial catalyst, Pt/ETEK. The mechanism involved in thermal desorption of OA was also investigated by thermogravimetric analysis coupled to mass spectrometry (TGA‐MS). Oxidation of HCOOH and adsorbed CO in acidic solution were used as test reactions to assess the Pt electrocatalytic activity.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Lepadins A–D from a Phenylglycinol‐Derived Hydroquinolone Lactam
Authors: Amat Mercedes , Pinto Alexandre , Griera Rosa , Bosch Joan 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe marine alkaloids (−)‐lepadins A–C and (+)‐lepadin D, belonging to two diastereoisomeric series, were synthesized from an (R)‐phenylglycinol‐derived tricyclic lactam via a common cis‐decahydroquinoline intermediate. Crucial aspects of the synthesis are the stereochemical control in the assembly of the cis‐decahydroquinoline platform, in the introduction of the C2 methyl and C3 hydroxy substituents, and in the generation of the C5 stereocenter.
Enantioselective Pharmacokinetics of Doxazosin and Pharmacokinetic Interaction Between the Isomers in Rats
Authors: Li Qing , Kong Dezhi , Du Qian , Zhao Jing , Zhen Yaqin , Li Tonghui , Ren Leiming 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn this study, the stereoselective pharmacokinetics of doxazosin enantiomers and their pharmacokinetic interaction were studied in rats. Enantiomer concentrations in plasma were measured using chiral high‐pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection after oral or intravenous administration of (–)‐(R)‐doxazosin 3.0 mg/kg, (+)‐(S)‐doxazosin 3.0 mg/kg, and rac‐doxazosin 6.0 mg/kg. AUC values of (+)‐(S)‐doxazosin were always larger than those of (–)‐(R)‐doxazosin, regardless of oral or intravenous administration. The maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) value of (–)‐(R)‐doxazosin after oral administration was significantly higher when given alone (110.5 ± 46.4 ng/mL) versus in racemate (53.2 ± 19.7 ng/mL), whereas the Cmax value of (+)‐(S)‐doxazosin did not change significantly. The area under the curve (AUC) and Cmax values for (+)‐(S)‐doxazosin after intravenous administration were significantly lower, and its Cl value significantly higher, when given alone versus in racemate. We speculate that (–)‐(R)‐doxazosin increases (+)‐(S)‐doxazosin exposure probably by inhibiting the elimination of (+)‐(S)‐doxazosin, and the enantiomers may be competitively absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. In conclusion, doxazosin pharmacokinetics are substantially stereospecific and enantiomer–enantiomer interaction occurs after rac‐administration. Chirality 27:738–744, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bromine Bonding Induced Selective Recognition of Different Guests for Hexaphenylbenzene Bromides in the Solid State
Authors: Peng Lianhui , Zhu Pengcheng , Meng Xianggao , Zhang Chun 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWith propeller‐like shape, hexaphenylbenzene bromides display different recognition abilities for guest molecules in solid state. HBH can encapsulate CH2Cl2 or Et2O molecules selectively from different solvent systems. For DBH, the recognition pattern is dominated between themselves. In CH2Cl2/toluene/Et2O system, toluene molecule can be encapsulated selectively by MBH. In these supramolecular assemblies, bromine bonding plays an important role.
Hydrodynamic Microgap Voltammetry under Couette Flow Conditions: Electrochemistry at a Rotating Drum in Viscous Poly(ethylene glycol)
Authors: Hotchen Christopher E. , Nguyen H. Viet , Fisher Adrian C. , Frith Paul E. , Marken Frank 
Published: July 2015

AbstractElectrochemical processes in highly viscous media such as poly(ethylene glycol) (herein PEG200) are interesting for energy‐conversion applications, but problematic due to slow diffusion causing low current densities. Here, a hydrodynamic microgap experiment based on Couette flow is introduced for an inlaid disc electrode approaching a rotating drum. Steady‐state voltammetric currents are independent of viscosity and readily increased by two orders of magnitude with further potential to go to higher rotation rates and nanogaps. A quantitative theory is derived for the prediction of currents under high‐shear Couette flow conditions and generalised for different electrode shapes. The 1,1′‐ferrocene dimethanol redox probe in PEG200 (D=1.4×10−11 m2 s−1) is employed and data are compared with 1) a Levich‐type equation expressing the diffusion–convection‐limited current and 2) a COMSOL simulation model providing a potential‐dependent current trace.
Metal–Organic Frameworks via Emissive Metal‐Carboxylate Zwitterion Intermediates
Authors: Armaghan Mahsa , Shang Xiu‐Juan , Yuan Yan‐Qiu , Young David J. , Zhang Wen‐Hua , Hor T. S. Andy , Lang Jian‐Ping 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis month’s cover is dedicated to the golden anniversary of Singapore by the collaborating groups of Wen‐Hua Zhang of the IMRE, Singapore, and T. S. Andy Hor of the NUS, Singapore, and two more groups from Monash University, Malaysia, and Soochow University, P. R. China. In the cover picture the number “50” commemorates the 50th anniversary of Singapore, the Lion City. The photo on the top‐right corner shows the modern skyline of Singapore. Underneath are the structures described in this article. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/cplu.201500134.
Controlled Silylation of Nanofibrillated Cellulose in Water: Reinforcement of a Model Polydimethylsiloxane Network
Authors: Zhang Zheng , Tingaut Philippe , Rentsch Daniel , Zimmermann Tanja , Sèbe Gilles 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA comparative approach for the surface silylation of nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) in water is proposed through an environmentally friendly sol–gel route based on alkoxysilanes. NFC suspensions were freeze‐dried under controlled conditions in the presence of methyltrimethoxysilane used as a model alkoxysilane. Two different protocols that involve different pH values (0.4 and 4) and post‐treatment procedures were investigated and compared. Protocol 1 led to a network of nanofibrils in which polysiloxane particles were dispersed, and protocol 2 produced a scaffold of cellulosic fibrils coated by a polysiloxane layer bonded firmly to the cellulosic substrate. Different from protocol 1, protocol 2 imparted the cellulosic material with hydrophobic properties and improved its thermal stability. Moreover, if 1 wt % of fibrils treated by protocol 2 were incorporated into a model polydimethylsiloxane network, substantial improvements of the static and dynamic mechanical properties of the composite were noted.
A weighted method for estimation of receptor occupancy for pharmacodynamic measurements in drug development
Authors: Sternebring Ola , Alifrangis Lene , Christensen Toke Folke , Ji Hong , Hegelund Anne Charlotte , Högerkorp Carl‐Magnus 
Published: July 2015

BackgroundFlow cytometry‐based receptor occupancy (RO) assessments for pharmacodynamic (PD) response measurements along with drug pharmacokinetic (PK) measurements represent a cornerstone in mechanism based PK/PD modeling of drugs against cell surface targets. This report describes the utility of using a “Free” and a “Bound” assay in combination to derive RO estimations through a weighted calculation method.MethodsData from a RO assay validation study in human samples was used to explore the performance of various RO data calculation methods. The calculation methods were subsequently applied to investigate the best method to generate RO data in a first in human phase 1 clinical trial. Finally, the outcome of the analysis was used for PK/PD modeling of a prospective phase 2a trial.ResultsThe validation data assessment demonstrated that a weighted RO calculation method had a better performance in terms of precision, accuracy and dynamic range. In the phase 1 clinical trial data analysis the weighted method again demonstrated a better performance resulting in a more robust RO estimation, and subsequently also generating a more reliable PK/PD simulation for the phase 2a trial.ConclusionsThis report demonstrated the utility of using a combined “Free” and “Bound” RO assessment together with a weighted calculation method to better support mechanism‐based PK/PD modeling activities. © 2015 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Performance modeling of data transmission by using random linear network coding in DTNs
Authors: Qin Shuang , Feng Gang 
Published: July 2015

SummaryIn Delay Tolerant Networks (DTNs), mobile nodes exploit encounter chances to transmit data via the established opportunistic link between encounter nodes. The transmission capacity between two encounter nodes is constrained by the duration of opportunistic links. How to transmit data efficiently is one of the fundamental and most important issues in DTNs. Recently, Random Linear Network Coding (RLNC) is proposed as a promising approach to improve data transmission efficiency in DTNs. To facilitate the development of deployment of RLNC based routing protocols, it is imperative to quantify the performance gain brought by RLNC in a rigorous and systematic way. In this paper, we develop an analytical model to evaluate the data transmission performance of RLNC based epidemic routing in DTNs. In the model, we consider that multiple unicast communication sessions compete for limited \capacity. Numerical results validate the effectiveness of our analytical model and demonstrate the significant performance improvement for data transmission in DTNs brought by RLNC. Our work of this paper provides a general tool for performance evaluation and useful guidelines for designing RLNC based routing protocols in DTNs. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Positive selection drives adaptive diversification of the 4‐coumarate: CoA ligase (4CL) gene in angiosperms
Authors: Sun Haiyan , Guo Kai , Feng Shengqiu , Zou Weihua , Li Ying , Fan Chunfen , Peng Liangcai 
Published: July 2015

AbstractLignin and flavonoids play a vital role in the adaption of plants to a terrestrial environment. 4‐Coumarate: coenzyme A ligase (4CL) is a key enzyme of general phenylpropanoid metabolism which provides the precursors for both lignin and flavonoids biosynthesis. However, very little is known about how such essential enzymatic functions evolve and diversify. Here, we analyze 4CL sequence variation patterns in a phylogenetic framework to further identify the evolutionary forces that lead to functional divergence. The results reveal that lignin‐biosynthetic 4CLs are under positive selection. The majority of the positively selected sites are located in the substrate‐binding pocket and the catalytic center, indicating that nonsynonymous substitutions might contribute to the functional evolution of 4CLs for lignin biosynthesis. The evolution of 4CLs involved in flavonoid biosynthesis is constrained by purifying selection and maintains the ancestral role of the protein in response to biotic and abiotic factors. Overall, our results demonstrate that protein sequence evolution via positive selection is an important evolutionary force driving adaptive diversification in 4CL proteins in angiosperms. This diversification is associated with adaption to a terrestrial environment.
Structural, Magnetic, DFT, and Biological Studies of Mononuclear and Dinuclear CuII Complexes with Bidentate N‐Heteroaromatic Schiff Base Ligands
Authors: Todorović Tamara , Grubišić Sonja , Pregelj Matej , Jagodič Marko , Misirlić‐Denčić Sonja , Dulović Marija , Marković Ivanka , Klisurić Olivera , Malešević Aleksandar , Mitić Dragana , Anđelković Katarina , Filipović Nenad 
Published: July 2015

AbstractCopper(II) complexes with the condensation derivative of methyl hydrazinoacetate and 2‐acetylpyridine were synthesized. The X‐ray crystal structures for both complexes revealed that they are polymerized isomers. A common feature of both complexes is the bidentate coordination of the ligand by one hydrazone and one pyridine nitrogen atom. In the monomeric complex, the copper(II) center is tetracoordinate, whereas dimerization through chlorido bridges results in a pentacoordinate arrangement about the metal ions in the dimer. The electronic and magnetic properties of both complexes are discussed on the basis of their X‐ray structures, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy studies, and superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetization measurements combined with DFT calculations. Magnetostructural comparisons with structurally similar copper(II) complexes are also provided, and a possible correlation has been established. The antitumor activities of the CuII complexes were investigated against six different cancer cell lines, and the results suggest that the antiglioma action of the dimeric species is based on oxidative‐stress‐mediated phosphatidylserine externalization and caspase activation, which indicate apoptosis.
T‐Shaped (Donor–π–)2Acceptor–π–Donor Push–Pull Systems Based on Indan‐1,3‐dione
Authors: Solanke Parmeshwar , Bureš Filip , Pytela Oldřich , Klikar Milan , Mikysek Tomáš , Mager Loic , Barsella Alberto , Růžičková Zdeňka 
Published: July 2015

AbstractSixteen model (donor–π–)2acceptor–π–donor [(D–π–)2A–π–D] molecules with an extraordinary T‐shaped arrangement were designed and synthesized. Indan‐1,3‐dione was employed as a central acceptor with electron donors linked at the C‐2, C‐4, and C‐7 positions. These push–pull molecules represent a first systematic modification of an indan‐1,3‐dione‐fused benzene ring. The structures and properties of all target molecules were investigated by X‐ray analysis, electrochemistry, UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, electric‐field‐induced second‐harmonic generation (EFISHG) studies, and DFT calculations. A thorough evaluation of all of the gathered data has been performed, and structure–property relationships were evaluated. Electron donors attached at the C‐2 position through π systems of various lengths affect the studied properties most significantly. The side donors at C‐4 and C‐7 can be described as auxiliary and do not dominate the observed properties. However, thiophene is a more efficient donor than N,N‐dimethylaniline in this respect. Hence, indan‐1,3‐dione bearing a piperidylthiophene donor connected through a propenylidene spacer at C‐2 completed with two side thiophen‐2‐ylethynyl branches at C‐4 and C‐7 showed the highest figure of merit among the studied properties.