bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous Determination of 12 Coumarins in Bamboo Leaves by HPLC
Authors: Wang Shuying , Tang Feng , Yue Yongde , Yao Xi , Wei Qi , Yu Jin 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
A simple, rapid, and sensitive HPLC-UV method was developed for qualitative and quantitative analysis of 12 coumarin compounds (skimin, scopolin, scopoletin, umbelliferone, 6,7-dimethoxycoumarin, coumarin, psoralen, xanthotoxin, 5,7-dimethoxycoumarin, pimpinellin, imperatorin, and osthole) in bamboo leaves. The samples were extracted with ethanol–water (70 + 30, v/v) by ultrasonication and purified by Florisil SPE. The method was validated for linearity, LOD, LOQ, accuracy, precision, and recovery. The standard curves in the corresponding ranges had good linearity. LOD was at the range of 0.19 to 0.85 mg/kg and LOQ 0.64 to 2.82 mg/kg. The values of RSD for accuracy and intraday and interday precision were less than 3%, except for 6,7-dimethoxycoumarin. Recoveries from spiked samples at 30, 20, and 10 mg/kg in Dendrocalamus giganteus Munro were higher than 70%, except for scopoletin, 6,7-dimethoxycoumarin, and coumarin. The method was validated using field-collected samples taken from Beijing and Changning Counties, SiChuan, China. Six coumarins, namely, skimin, scopolin, scopoletin, umbelliferone, coumarin, and pimpinellin, were found in the extracts of 11 species of bamboo leaves. The concentrations of total coumarins were in the range of 8.67 to 99.2 mg/kg. The maximum concentration of total coumarins was found in Bambusa pervariabilis, and the minimum was in Phyllostachys spectabilis.
ELISA Kit for Peanut Protein Determination: Collaborative Study
Authors: Lexmaulová Hana , Gabrovská Dana , Rysová Jana , Štumr František , Netušilová Kateřina , Blažková Martina , Bulawová Hana , Brychta Josef , Šubrtová Zdeňka , Pavelka Jiri , Iametti Stefania , Barco Jorge Antonio Guisantes Del , Quesada Jorge Martínez , Pardo Esther Suñen , Resa Idoia Postigo , Takkinen Kristiina , Laukkanen Marja-Leena , Piknová Lubica , Langerholc Tomaz , Čenčič Avrelija , Baršová Soňa , Cuhra Petr , Plicka Jan 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
A collaborative study in 10 laboratories was performed to validate an ELISA method developed for the quantitative determination of peanut protein in foods. The ELISA kit used for this study is based on rabbit polyclonal antibody. This kit does not produce any false-positive results or cross-reactivity with a broad range of peanut-free food matrixes. All participants obtained the peanut ELISA kit with standard operational procedures, a list of samples, the samples, and a protocol for recording test results. The study included 15 food samples. Three food matrix samples of zero peanut content showed peanut protein content lower than the first standard (0.10 mg/kg). Three samples with peanut declared as an ingredient revealed peanut protein content outside the calibration curve (absorbance was above the highest standard) in all laboratories, and three samples had the peanut content reported either above the highest standard or within the calibration curve, depending on the laboratory. Six samples with peanut declared as an ingredient gave the peanut protein content within the calibration curve. Only these six samples, together with a positive control sample (CS2), were used for statistical evaluation. The statistical tests (Cochran, Grubbs, and Mandel) and analysis of variance were used for the evaluation of the collaborative study results. Repeatability and reproducibility limits, as well as an LOQ (LOQcollaborative 0.22 mg peanut proteins/kg) and an LOD (LODcollaborative 0.07 mg peanut proteins/kg) for the kit were calculated.
The Need for Harmonization in Detection of Human Noroviruses in Food
Authors: Stals Ambroos , Uyttendaele Mieke , Coillie Els Van 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Noroviruses (NoV) have been recognized worldwide as a leading cause of foodborne gastroenteritis over the last decade. A broad range of foods—shellfish, fresh produce, and ready-to-eat/catered foods—has been implicated in NoV foodborne outbreaks. The recognition of NoV as an important food pathogen has been aided by the development of sensitive molecular methods for detection of the NoV genome. However, despite advances, NoV detection is still hampered by several limitations. First, NoV detection can often only be implemented by expert laboratories due to the complexity of the virus extraction step, which in most protocols is cumbersome and labor-intensive. Moreover, a very wide selection of automated methods for virus extraction from foods is available, so selection of an adequate method is not straightforward. On the other hand, automated systems have been made available or the RNA purification and real-time RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) is considered the gold standard for detection of NoV. Second, correct interpretation of real-time PCR results is often difficult. From a technical point of view, the interpretation of the often nonsigmoidal amplification curves remains difficult, even for experts. From a food safety perspective, interpretation of very high Cq (or Ct) values—and thus, of low viral genomic copy numbers—is not straightforward, as RT-(q)PCR merely detects the presence of viral genomic material that is not necessarily linked to the presence of infectious viral particles. Despite efforts, both limitations have not completely resolved thus far. Harmonization may be a first step to comprehend and deal with these limitations. The current review provides an overview of a number of validated methods that have been published by food safety and other authorities.
Modified AOAC Three Step Method (Official Method 2008.05): Consolidation of Fractions B and C
Authors: Rastogi Vipin K , Smith Lisa S , Wallace Lalena , Tomasino Stephen F 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The AOAC Quantitative Three Step Method (TSM; AOAC Official MethodSM 2008.05) is validated for testing the efficacy of liquid sporicides against spores of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus anthracis on selected hard, nonporous, and porous surfaces. The TSM uses 5 × 5 × 1 mm inoculated coupons (carriers), which are placed in 400 μL liquid sporicidal agent contained in a microcentrifuge tube. Following exposure of inoculated carriers to the test chemical and subsequent neutralization, viable spores are recovered in three fractions: A (gentle tapping), B (sonication), and C (gentle agitation). The spores in suspension are serially diluted and plated on a recovery medium for enumeration. The plate counts are summed over the three fractions to provide the number of viable spores per carrier, which is log10-transformed to generate a mean log density (LD) value across carriers. As a measure of product efficacy, a log reduction (LR) value is calculated by subtracting the mean LD for treated carriers from the mean LD for control carriers. This paper reports on the comparative evaluation of the current and modified versions of the TSM in order to support a modification to simplify the procedure. The proposed modified TSM (mTSM) consolidates fractions B and C in the same tube. Thus, the sonication (fraction B) and gentle agitation (fraction C) steps are carried out in the same tube, thereby reducing the number of tubes and associated resources and time necessary to complete the test. Glass, steel, pine wood, and ceramic tile carriers were included in the comparative study. Inoculated carriers were evaluated against two preparations of sodium hypochlorite to generate two presumed levels of efficacy (intermediate and high); the control LD and LR values associated with testing each carrier type for the TSM and the mTSM were compared. For control carriers, the mean log densities per carrier (for each carrier material) were not significantly different based on the TSM compared to the mTSM. Furthermore, the treated carrier data showed comparable LR values for the TSM and mTSM. The data provided in this report demonstrate equivalency between the TSM and mTSM and support the proposed procedural modification to consolidate fractions B and C.
QuickTox™ Kit for QuickScan Ochratoxin-A
Authors: Davis Alan H , Roberts Russell W 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Quantitative, reader-based lateral flow technology is utilized for determination of ochratoxin contamination levels in wheat by the QuickTox Kit for QuickScan Ochratoxin-A. Naturally contaminated wheat samples were used to challenge the assay in the range of 0–100 ppb in linearity, selectivity, robustness, and stability, and in internal and external matrix studies. Performance was judged against criteria established by the AOAC Research Institute Performance Tested MethodSM program prior to beginning the validation studies. All data produced during this work conformed to the acceptance criteria. Linear dose responses with R2 exceeding 0.97 and RSDr values between 6.22 and 17.10% for positive samples were observed in linearity and internal and external matrix studies. Ochratoxin A (OTA) and ochratoxin B (OTB) were detected by the assay. Assay sensitivity towards OTB was approximately 50% relative to OTA detection. Other common mycotoxins did not affect assay results. Variations in assay timing, temperature, and sample volume encompassed in the robustness study did not yield results outside the acceptable range. Determination of ochratoxin in wheat is facilitated using the QuickTox Kit for QuickScan Ochratoxin-A kit.
Free and Total Carnitine in Infant and Adult/Pediatric Nutritional Formulas by Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry: First Action 2012.17
Authors: Starkey Dustin E , Denison James E , Seipelt C Thomas , Jacobs Wesley A , Dowell Dawn 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Data from a previously published study in J.AOAC Int. 91, 130–142 (2008) was presented to the Stakeholder Panel on Infant Formula and Adult Nutritionals (SPIFAN) during the AOAC Annual Meeting held in Las Vegas, NV, from September 30 to October 3, 2012. The panel reviewed the data submitted and concluded that the method satisfied the standard method performance requirements established by SPIFAN. Based on this information, the panel approved the method as AOAC First Action. The determination of free carnitine involves dilution and filtration of the sample, followed by determination of L-carnitine by LC/MS/MS. The determination of total carnitine includes a saponification procedure prior to dilution and filtration.
Vitamin C in Infant Formula and Adult/Pediatric Nutritional Formula by Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Ultraviolet Detection: First Action 2012.22
Authors: Campos-Giménez Esther , Fontannaz Patric , Redeuil Karine , Kilinc Tamara , Dowell Dawn 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
During the AOAC Annual Meeting held in Las Vegas, NV from September 30 to October 3, 2012, the Stakeholder Panel on Infant Formula and Adult Nutritionals convened to review single-laboratory validation data submitted for the method, Vitamin C in Adult/Pediatric Formula by Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Ultraviolet Detection. This method is a modified version of the method "HPLC-UV Determination of Total Vitamin C in a Wide Range of Fortified Food Products" previously published in Food Chem., 94, 626–631 (2006). The SLV data from the modified method were reviewed and compared to the standard method performance requirements (SMPR 2012.012), and it was concluded that the method meets the requirements. The method was approved as AOAC Official First Action. The method is based on the acidic extraction of ascorbic acid in the presence of Tris[2-carboxyethyl] phosphine (TCEP) as a reducing agent. Separation was achieved on a C18 column with a sodium acetate eluent (pH 5.4) combined with TCEP and decylamine as an ion-pairing agent. Accuracy rates were between 90 and 100%. Repeatability RSD (RSDr) ranged from 1.4 to 2.5%, and intermediate reproducibility RSD (RSDiR) ranged from 1.3 to 7.5%.
Repeated Autologous Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Injections Improve Radiation-Induced Proctitis in Pigs
Authors: Linard Christine , Busson Elodie , Holler Valerie , Strup-Perrot Carine , Lacave-Lapalun Jean-Victor , Lhomme Bruno , Prat Marie , Devauchelle Patrick , Sabourin Jean-Christophe , Simon Jean-Marc , Bonneau Michel , Lataillade Jean-Jacques , Benderitter Marc 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The management of proctitis in patients who have undergone very-high-dose conformal radiotherapy is extremely challenging. The fibrosis-necrosis, fistulae, and hemorrhage induced by pelvic overirradiation have an impact on morbidity. Augmenting tissue repair by the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may be an important advance in treating radiation-induced toxicity. Using a preclinical pig model, we investigated the effect of autologous bone marrow-derived MSCs on high-dose radiation-induced proctitis. Irradiated pigs received repeated intravenous administrations of autologous bone marrow-derived MSCs. Immunostaining and real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis were used to assess the MSCs' effect on inflammation, extracellular matrix remodeling, and angiogenesis, in radiation-induced anorectal and colon damages. In humans, as in pigs, rectal overexposure induces mucosal damage (crypt depletion, macrophage infiltration, and fibrosis). In a pig model, repeated administrations of MSCs controlled systemic inflammation, reduced in situ both expression of inflammatory cytokines and macrophage recruitment, and augmented interleukin-10 expression in rectal mucosa. MSC injections limited radiation-induced fibrosis by reducing collagen deposition and expression of col1a2/col3a1 and transforming growth factor-β/connective tissue growth factor, and by modifying the matrix metalloproteinase/TIMP balance. In a pig model of proctitis, repeated injections of MSCs effectively reduced inflammation and fibrosis. This treatment represents a promising therapy for radiation-induced severe rectal damage.
The Impact of Cholera on the Design and Implementation of Toronto’s First Municipal By-laws, 1834
Authors: Atkinson Logan 
Published: September 2013

The City of Toronto was incorporated in 1834 amid much political animosity and turmoil. The tension between the executive administration and its tory sympathizers on the one hand, and the promoters of reform on the other, had moved political matters to a critical juncture. Perhaps inconsistent with this struggle between central and municipal authority in Upper Canada was the statute by which the City was created, a statute that settled virtually complete legislative authority on the local government. But the first municipal election returned a reform majority to Toronto’s council, with the intransigent William Lyon Mackenzie as first mayor, further heightening the difficulties between the central authority and the local administration. It might be anticipated that, when the City turned its attention to passing its first set of by-laws in the late spring of 1834, the contest over the right organization of government would dominate the thinking of City councillors. However, a review of those by-laws and the issues that gave rise to them reveals that environmental concerns, including the threat of a repeat of the dangerous cholera epidemic of 1832, had as much to do with the ultimate design of those by-laws as did political orientation. In fact, the environmental pressures felt at the time allowed for the transcendence of political differences for the sake of the defence of public health, a result quite inconsistent with dominant interpretations of the role of law and legal institutions in the Upper Canadian experience.
A Sense of Time and Place: Gilbert Stelter’s Contribution to Urban History
Authors: Taylor John 
Published: September 2013

A Sense of Time and Place: Gilbert Steiter’s Contribution to Urban History John Taylor Abstract These remarks were presented at "The Urban Academic," a conference in honour of the retirement of Dr. Gil Steiter, September 26, 1998, at the University ofGuelph. The conference was presented by the History Department of the university. Gil Steiter was the first president of the Canadian Urban Group after it was founded in 1971 at the annual meeting of the Canadian Historical Association in St. John’s, Newfoundland. In retirement, Gil combines his writing on urban history with the hybridizing of day lilies. He is currently president of the U.S.-based Urban History Association.
Le «boom» des immeubles d’appartements à Montréal de 1921 à 1951
Authors: Choko Marc H. 
Published: September 2013

Cet article analyse le «boom» des immeubles d'appartements à Montréal et dans sa proche banlieue au cours de la période de 1921 à 1951. Il précise Vampleur du phénomène et sa localisation, apporte quelques données essentielles sur la taille des immeubles et la valeur des appartements et surtout, définit les profils professionnels et ethniques de leurs occupants. En 1921, comme en 1951 et tout au long de notre période, ce sont les deux catégories supérieures d'emploi ainsi que les inactifs qui s'orientent proportionnellement le plus vers les immeubles d'appartements. D'abord surtout lieu de résidence des personnes originaires de l'Europe de d'Est, les immeubles d'appartements vont également attirer la nouvelle petite bourgeoisie canadienne-française là où elle est présente, comme dans Outremont.
The Defeat of Imperial Urbanism in Québec City, 1840–1855
Authors: McCulloch Michael Ernest 
Published: September 2013

In 1840, the City of Québec regained formal corporate status under an ordiance of the Special Council of Lower Canada, This article argues that the ordinance expressed a particular concept or urbanism. Based on concept of the role of cities developed in Great Britain during the Age of Reform, it sought to create non-partisan municipal structures that would encourage local development and 'improvement' while at the same time ensuring the dominance of the anglophone commercial elites. In this, the ordinance expressed in local terms the grand objectives of Governor Charles Poulett Thomson (Lord Sydenham) for the entire colony. Ultimately, this imperial urbanism was a failure. While the essential structure of municipal governance remained intact until 1855, local issues became immediately entangled in provincial party politics. Major bnsiness leaders were replaced by professional and small retailers as the dominant group on the City Council The very ethos of improvement ensured that the under-financed city government became dwarfed by other agencies, such as the banks, the Gas Company and of course railroads. The case of Québec City in the first years of the Union illustrates the failure of attempts to transplant Utilitarian approaches to state formation into a colonial context.
Ordering Sulfonic Groups Facilitate a Li3N‐Enriched Interphase via Directing the Decomposition of LiNO3
Authors: Ma Cong , Qiao Qiangqiang , Yue Ke , Yue Juxin , Cai Xiaohan , Zheng Jiale , Kang Lingzhi , Wang Yao , Nai Jianwei , Luo Jianmin , Yuan Huadong , Zou Shihui , Tao Xinyong , Liu Yujing 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe practical application of high‐energy lithium (Li) metal anodes is plagued by the severe issues of interfacial instability. The Li3N originated from the decomposition of LiNO3 is believed to endow the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) with high stability and ionic conductivity. However, the precise control on the decomposition of LiNO3 is still challenging due to the sophisticated reaction pathways and high energy barriers. In this study, a self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) with densely packed and long‐range ordered sulfonic acid groups on an alumina‐coated separator are designed. By providing a strong dipole moment, this SAMs efficiently facilitate the rapid and deep decomposition of LiNO3, leading to the formation of an SEI rich in Li3N nanocrystals. Notably, under the stringent conditions of 5 mA cm−2 and 5 mAh cm−2, the Li/Li symmetric cell is still able to cycle stably for 1000 h under the stable nitrided interface induced by the SAMs. Consequently, the application scenarios of SAMs technology in precisely controlling electrolyte decomposition processes are successfully expanded to stabilize the interphase of metallic Li anode with high energy‐density.
Salt‐Based Catalyzer to Aid Heterogeneous Nucleation Enabling >23% Efficient Electron‐Transport‐Layer‐Free Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Deng Jidong , Huang Xiaofeng , Che Yuliang , Wang Xiao , Zhang Xiaoli , Wu Binghui , Yang Li , Zhang Jinbao 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCharge transport layers are critical components in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) for achieving satisfied power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) and device stability. However, these layers often bring incompatible interfaces and complex fabrication, limiting the stability and scalability of PSC technology. Here an alternative strategy of salt‐based catalyzer (SBC) is proposed to regulate the heterogeneous nucleation of perovskite, which enables uniform and well‐controlled perovskite coverage directly onto the salt‐treated substrate without electron transport layers (ETLs). By carefully adjusting the cations, anions, and the thickness of SBC, high‐quality perovskite films along with superior buried interfaces suppress the carrier recombination losses and strengthen the interfacial stability, promoting the resultant device to achieve a record PCE of 23.04%, which represents the highest reported efficiency for ETL‐free PSCs. Meanwhile, the SBC technique can be well extended to large‐area, flexible, and module‐based devices. More encouragingly, the SBC‐based unencapsulated devices exhibit remarkable operational stability by retaining over 90% of initial efficiency for 1540 h under illumination and for 6312 h in an air environment. This work provides an advisable way to fabricate efficient and stable ETL‐free PSCs toward reliable and cost‐effective production.
Triboelectric Series of Two‐dimensional Metal Carbide MXenes
Authors: Shi Lin , Wang Yizhou , Guo Tianchao , Lei Yongjiu , El‐Demellawi Jehad K. , Zhao Zhiming , Alshareef Husam N. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe ever‐increasing prevalence of intelligent electronics underscores an escalating demand for sustainable power sources. Among the emerging energy harvesting technologies, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) stand out as a promising solution for such pressing needs. To date, ongoing efforts have primarily focused on enhancing TENG output, particularly through the development of novel triboelectric materials. Among the potential candidates is the thriving class of two‐dimensional transition‐metal carbides, MXenes, which have predominantly been incorporated into triboelectric layers as nanofillers to enhance their triboelectric properties. Yet, the specific triboelectric characteristics of distinct MXenes remain marginally explored. Herein, the triboelectric properties of various metal carbide MXenes, i.e., V2CTx, Ti3C2Tx, and Nb2CTx, are investigated by assessing the performance of various MXene‐based TENGs combined with different polymers and analyzing their surface potential. According to the attained triboelectric polarities, a triboelectric series of the studied MXenes is determined, demonstrating their remarkable positive triboelectric properties. Further investigations preliminarily reveal the influence of the synthesis method, etchants, intercalating compounds, and postsynthesis procedures on the triboelectric properties of MXenes. Hence, beyond extending the conventional triboelectric series to different metal carbide MXenes, the findings present innovative perspectives on leveraging MXenes to develop high‐performance TENGs for flexible and wearable electronics.