bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intérêt de la ponction épididymaire et de la biopsie testiculaire systématique dans la prise en charge de l’azoospermie obstructive
Authors: Salama S. , Boitrelle F. , Albert M. , Hammoud I. , Huchon C. , Wainer R. , Selva J. , Bailly M. 
Published: October 2012

Résumé

Introduction
Dans l’azoospermie obstructive (AO), les taux d’extraction chirurgicale de spermatozoïdes sont élevés. Cependant, en ce qui concerne les issues des ICSI (Intra cytoplasmic Sperm Injection) chirurgicales, les données de la littérature divergent. Quels sont, dans notre équipe, les taux d’extraction de spermatozoïdes après aspiration épidydimaire (MESA) et après extraction testiculaire (TESE) dans l’AO ? Les taux de grossesses, les taux de fausses couches spontanées et d’accouchements diffèrent-ils en fonction de l’origine du sperme ?

Matériels et méthodes
L’étude a rétrospectivement inclus 48 couples dont l’homme présente une azoospermie obstructive pure et ayant bénéficié d’un prélèvement chirurgical de spermatozoïdes associant systématiquement MESA et TESE. Les ICSI ont été réalisées de manière asynchrone. À chaque fois que cela était possible, la première ICSI a été réalisée avec des spermatozoïdes épididymaires.

Résultats
Pour les 48 couples, 99 ICSI ont été réalisées. Quinze couples ont réalisé 24 ICSI-TESE car l’aspiration épididymaire était négative. Onze couples ont réalisé 20 ICSI-TESE car la qualité du prélèvement épididymaire n’était pas satisfaisante (vitalité spermatique réduite le plus souvent). Vingt-deux couples ont réalisé 22 ICSI-MESA en première intention puis en cas d’échec, 11 couples ont réalisé 12 ICSI-MESA et dix couples ont réalisé 20 ICSI-TESE. Alors que les nombres d’ovocytes injectés (7,1±4,1 vs 6,9 ±3,6 P: 0,8) et d’embryons obtenus (4,5±3,0 vs 4,7±2,7; P: 0,7) ne sont pas significativement différents dans les deux groupes d’ICSI, les nombres d’embryons de top qualité (2,4±1,9 vs 3,6±2,0 P: 0,005) et d’embryons congelés (0,9±1,8 vs 1,7±1,9 P: 0,04) sont significativement supérieurs dans le groupe TESE. Le nombre de grossesse par ponction est supérieur dans le groupe TESE (58,5 % vs 26,5 %, P: 0,002).

Conclusion
L’approche de notre centre a la particularité d’associer systématiquement un prélèvement testiculaire au prélèvement épididymaire chez tout homme présentant une azoospermie obstructive alors que la plupart des autres études rapportées se limitent à l’exploration épididymaire si cette dernière est positive lors de l’examen extemporané. Alors que classiquement, on rapporte 100% de positivité lors du prélèvement épididymaire chez l’homme atteint d’une azoospermie obstructive, dans notre étude, plus de la moitié des explorations épididymaires s’est avérée inexploitable. La qualité embryonnaire et les taux de grossesses sont meilleurs avec des spermatozoïdes testiculaires. L’association de ces 2 sites de prélèvement (MESA et TESE) peut être complémentaire et utile pour le couple et l’issue de sa prise en charge en AMP sans pour autant entraîner un sur-risque pour l’homme dans les suites de la chirurgie.
Iodine deficiency among Belgian pregnant women not fully corrected by iodine-containing multivitamins: a national cross-sectional survey
Authors: Vandevijvere Stefanie , Amsalkhir Sihame , Mourri Ahmed Bensouda , Van Oyen Herman , Moreno-Reyes Rodrigo 
Published: October 2012

Low iodine intake during pregnancy may cause thyroid dysfunction in pregnant women and their newborn. In the present study, iodine status among a nation-wide representative sample of Belgian pregnant women in the first and third trimester of pregnancy was determined, and determinants of iodine status were assessed 1 year after the introduction of bread fortified with iodised salt. The women were selected according to a multistage proportionate-to-size sampling design. Urine samples were collected and a general questionnaire was completed face to face with the study nurse. The median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) among pregnant women (n1311) was 124·1 μg/l and 122·6 μg/g creatinine when corrected for urinary creatinine. The median UIC in the first trimester (118·3 μg/l) was significantly lower than that in the third trimester (131·0 μg/l) but significantly higher than among non-pregnant women (84·8 μg/l). Iodine-containing supplement intake was reported by 60·8 % of the women and 57·4 % of the women took this supplement daily. The risk of iodine deficiency was significantly higher in younger women, in women not taking iodine-containing supplements, with low consumption of milk and dairy drinks and during autumn. Women with a higher BMI had a higher risk of iodine deficiency but the risk was lower in women who reported alcohol consumption. The median UIC during pregnancy indicates iodine deficiency in Belgium and some women are at a higher risk of deficiency. The current low iodine intake in women of childbearing age precludes the correction of iodine deficiency in pregnant women supplemented with multivitamins containing 150 μg iodine as recommended.
Identification and management of prisoners with severe psychiatric illness by specialist mental health services
Authors: Senior J. , Birmingham L. , Harty M. A. , Hassan L. , Hayes A. J. , Kendall K. , King C. , Lathlean J. , Lowthian C. , Mills A. , Webb R. , Thornicroft G. , Shaw J. 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundThe prevalence of mental disorders among prisoners is considerably higher than in the general population. This is an important public health issue as the vast majority of prisoners stay in custody for less than 9 months and, when not in prison, offenders' lifestyles are frequently chaotic, characterized by social exclusion, instability and unemployment. Multi-disciplinary mental health inreach services were introduced to target care towards prisoners with severe mental illness (SMI) in a similar way to that provided by Community Mental Health Teams outside prison. The aim was to establish the proportion of prisoners with SMI who were assessed and managed by prison mental health inreach services.MethodA two-phase prevalence survey in six prisons in England measured SMI upon reception into custody. Case-note review established the proportion of those with SMI subsequently assessed and treated by inreach services.ResultsOf 3492 prisoners screened, 23% had SMI. Inreach teams assessed only 25% of these unwell prisoners, and accepted just 13% onto their caseloads.ConclusionsInreach teams identified and managed only a small proportion of prisoners with SMI. Prison-based services need to improve screening procedures and develop effective care pathways to ensure access to appropriate services. Improved identification of mental illness is needed in both the community and the Criminal Justice System to better engage with socially transient individuals who have chaotic lifestyles and complex needs.
The Astronomical Interpretation of Catoptrica
Authors: Mota Bernardo Machado 
Published: October 2012

ArgumentA Catoptrica attributed to Euclid appears in manuscripts amongst treatises dealing with elementary astronomy. Despite this textual background, the treatise has always been read literally as a theory of mirrors, and its astronomical significance has gone unnoticed. However, optics, catoptrics, and astronomy appear strongly intermingled in sources such as, amongst others, Geminus, Theon of Smyrna, Plutarch and Cleomedes. If one compares the optical reasoning put forward in these sources to account for the formation of moonlight with arguments of Catoptrica, one is able to shed new light on several principles and propositions of Catoptrica, some of which had been deemed corrupt, meaningless, and obscure. Moreover, the present analysis offers a glimpse at the context of a specific stage in the evolution of ancient catoptrics: Whether literally or by analogy, several of its results appear to have been set against a wider astronomical background, which explains the inclusion of Catoptrica in the group of texts loosely defined as “little astronomy.”
Impact of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on the incidence of childhood pneumonia
Authors: ELEMRAID M. A. , RUSHTON S. P. , SHIRLEY M. D. F. , THOMAS M. F. , SPENCER D. A. , EASTHAM K. M. , HAMPTON F. , GORTON R. , POLLARD K. , GENNERY A. R. , CLARK J. E. 
Published: October 2012

SUMMARYIn September 2006, the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) was added to the UK immunization programme. We aimed to evaluate the impact of PCV7 on the incidence of all-cause community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children. A prospective survey was undertaken in 2008–2009 at 11 hospitals in North East England of children aged 0–16 years with radiologically confirmed pneumonia. Data were compared to those from a similar survey undertaken in the same hospitals in 2001–2002. A total of 542 children were enrolled, of which 74% were aged <5 years. PCV7 uptake was 90·7%. The incidence of pneumonia was 11·8/10 000 [95% confidence interval (CI) 10·9–12·9], and the hospitalization rate was 9·9/10 000 (95% CI 9·0–10·9). Compared to 2001, there was a 19% (95% CI 8–29) reduction in the rate of CAP in those aged <5 years, and in those <2 years a 33·1% (95% CI 20–45) reduction in the incidence of CAP and 38·1% (95% CI 24–50) reduction in hospitalization rates. However, for those unvaccinated aged ⩾5 years, there was no difference in the incidence of CAP and hospitalization rate between both surveys. Since 2001, the overall reduction in incidence was 17·7% (95% CI 8–26) and for hospitalization 18·5% (95% CI 8–28). For the <5 years age group there was a lower incidence of CAP in PCV7-vaccinated children (25·2/10 000, 95% CI 22·6–28·2) than in those that were not vaccinated (37·4/10 000, 95% CI 29·2–47·1). In conclusion, PCV7 has reduced both incidence and rate of hospitalization of pneumonia in children, particularly in the <2 years age group.
Forced relocation between nursing homes: residents' health outcomes and potential moderators
Authors: Holder Jacquetta M , Jolley David 
Published: October 2012

SummaryThat transfer of older people from one institution to another is detrimental to well-being, health and survival has been reported for 50 years. This has led to fear, anger and legal challenges when closures occur. Previous reviews identified accounts of relocation followed by adverse outcomes and others where problems were avoided or benefits claimed. This paper reviews the last twelve years of literature on health outcomes following involuntary relocation between nursing homes. Reports of post-move mortality, physical or psychological health suggest and confirm that relocation without preparation carries higher risk of poor outcomes than moves that are orderly and include preparation. The literature on the care home closure process, admissions and individual transfers offers insights into practices that might help minimize adverse outcomes. A number of agencies have produced helpful guidelines. How these are implemented needs to be monitored and linked to in-depth studies of sample closures.
A systematic review of the pharmacological management of aortic root dilation in Marfan syndrome
Authors: Thakur Varsha , Rankin Kathryn N. , Hartling Lisa , Mackie Andrew S. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackgroundMarfan syndrome causes aortic dilation leading to dissection and death. This systematic review examined the use of beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and angiotensin II receptor blockers in the management of aortic dilation in this disease.MethodsWe searched four databases – Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, and The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials – two conference proceedings, references of retrieved articles, and a web-based trial registry. The primary outcome was mortality. The secondary outcomes were aortic dissection, need for elective surgical repair, change in aortic dilation, and adverse events. Two reviewers selected studies, abstracted data, and assessed study quality. Meta-analyses were not performed because of study heterogeneity.ResultsA total of 18 studies were included – 12 completed and six in progress. Of the completed studies, three before-and-after treatment, one prospective cohort, three retrospective cohorts, and two randomised control trials examined beta-blockers; one randomised and one non-randomised trial examined angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; and one retrospective cohort study examined angiotensin II receptor blockers. Studies in progress are all randomised trials. Mortality was not impacted by drug therapy, although studies were underpowered with respect to this outcome. All drug classes were associated with a decrease in the rate of aortic dilation (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers >beta-blockers); none had an impact on other secondary outcomes.ConclusionsOn the basis of existing evidence, beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and angiotensin II receptor blockers slow the progression of aortic dilation in Marfan syndrome. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers may have more effect than beta-blockers; however, more methodologically rigorous studies currently in progress are needed to evaluate the impact of drug therapy on clinical outcomes.
A sibling-controlled, prospective study of outcomes at home and school in children with severe congenital heart disease
Authors: McCusker Christopher G. , Armstrong Mark P. , Mullen Mairead , Doherty Nicola N. , Casey Frank A. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractObjectivesThe objectives of this study were to compare behaviour problems and competencies, at home and school, in 7-year-old children with congenital heart disease with a sibling control group, to examine the prospective determinants of outcome from infancy, and to explore whether any gains were maintained in our sub-group of children who had participated in a previous trial of psychological interventions in infancy.MethodsA total of 40 children who had undergone surgery to correct or palliate a significant congenital heart defect in infancy were compared (Child Behavior Checklist) with a nearest-age sibling control group (18 participants). Comparisons were made between sub-groups of children and families who had and had not participated in an early intervention trial.ResultsProblems with attention, thought and social problems, and limitations in activity and school competencies, were found in comparison with siblings. Teacher reports were consistent with parents, although problems were of a lower magnitude. Disease, surgical, and neurodevelopmental functioning in infancy were related to competence outcomes but not behaviour problems. The latter were mediated by family and maternal mental health profiles from infancy. Limited, but encouraging, gains were maintained in the sub-group that had participated in the early intervention programme.ConclusionsThe present study is strengthened by its longitudinal design, use of teacher informants, and sibling control group. The patterns of problems and limitations discerned, and differential determinants thereof, have clear implications for interventions. We consider these in the light of our previously reported intervention trial with this sample and current outcomes at the 7-year follow-up.
A common risk classification system for the Actuarial Profession
Authors: Kelliher P. O. J. , Wilmot D. , Vij J. , Klumpes P. J. M. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractRisk terminology varies from organisation to organisation, and actuaries working in different organisations may use different terms to refer to the same risk, or use the same nomenclature for completely different risks. This paper sets out a classification system developed by the Risk Classification Working Party for the Profession that can be used as a common reference point for discussing risk. Actuaries will not be required to use this system, but it is hoped that common terminology will reduce the possibility of confusion in discussing risks.
Prevalence of elevated mean arterial pressure and how fitness moderates its association with BMI in youth
Authors: Ogunleye Ayodele A , Sandercock Gavin R , Voss Christine , Eisenmann Joey C , Reed Katharine 
Published: October 2012

AbstractObjectiveCardiorespiratory fitness is known to be cardioprotective and its association with the components of the metabolic syndrome in children is becoming clearer. The aim of the present study was to examine the extent to which cardiorespiratory fitness may offset the weight-related association with mean arterial pressure (MAP) in schoolchildren.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingsSchoolchildren from the East of England, UK.SubjectsA total of 5983 (48 % females) schoolchildren, 10 to 16 years of age, had height, weight and blood pressure measured by standard procedures and cardiorespiratory fitness assessed by the 20 m shuttle-run test. Participants were classified as fit or unfit using internationally accepted fitness cut-off points; and as normal weight, overweight or obese based on BMI, again using international cut-off points. Age-adjusted ANCOVA was used to determine the main effects and interaction of fitness and BMI on MAP Z-score. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios of elevated MAP.ResultsPrevalence of elevated MAP in schoolchildren was 14·8 % overall and 35·7 % in those who were obese-unfit. Approximately 21 % of participants were overweight and 5 % obese, while 23 % were classified as unfit. MAP generally increased across BMI categories and was higher in the aerobically unfit participants. Obese-fit males had lower MAP compared with obese-unfit males (P < 0·001); this trend was similar in females (P = 0·05).ConclusionsIncreasing fitness level may have a positive impact on the weight-related elevations of MAP seen in obese and overweight schoolchildren.
Restoring Miranda: gender and the limits of European patriarchy in the early modern Atlantic world
Authors: Amussen Susan D. , Poska Allyson M. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAtlantic history has become fashionable as a way of linking the histories of Europe and the Americas. However, much work in Atlantic history does little to challenge the national biases of traditional colonial and imperial history. This article argues that gender provides an important conceptual tool for a trans-imperial and comparative exploration, just as it provided important conceptual structures for all the peoples of the Atlantic world. An examination of the research on two gendered issues – work, and family and sexuality – demonstrates that while Europeans attempted to impose their ideas on the various societies that they encountered in Africa and the Americas, such attempts were rarely successful. Gender not only provides the basis for a trans-imperial analysis of the Atlantic world but also enables us to reorient our scholarly perspective in the Atlantic, highlighting the agency of non-European peoples and exposing the limits of European patriarchy.
Comparing the United States and United Kingdom: contrasts and correspondences
Authors: Klein Rudolf 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe conventionally antithetical stereotypes of the United Kingdom and United States health care systems needs to be modified in the case of the elderly. Relative to the rest of the population, the over-65s in the United States are more satisfied with their medical care than their UK counterparts. There is also much common ground: shared worries about the quality of elderly care and similar attitudes towards assisted death. Comparison is further complicated by within country variations: comparative studies should take account of the fact that even seemingly polar models may have pools of similarity.
Valuing end-of-life care in the United States: the case of new cancer drugs
Authors: Sorenson Corinna 
Published: October 2012

AbstractNew cancer therapies offer the hope of improved diagnosis to patients with life-threatening disease. Over the past 5–10 years, a number of specialty drugs have entered clinical practice to provide better systemic therapy for advanced cancers that respond to few therapeutic alternatives. To date, however, such advances have been only modestly effective in extending life and come with a high price tag, raising questions about their value for money, patient access and implications for health care costs. This article explores some of the key issues present in valuing end-of-life care in the United States in the case of advanced cancer drugs, from the difficult trade-offs between their limited health benefits and high costs to the technical, political and social challenges in assessing their value and applying such evidence to inform policy and practice. A number of initial steps are discussed that could be pursued to improve the value of advanced cancer care.
End-of-life care for patients with dementia in the United States: institutional realities
Authors: Gusmano Michael 
Published: October 2012

AbstractFew are satisfied with end-of-life care in the United States. For families and friends of people with dementia, end-of-life care is particularly frustrating. Providing better end-of-life care to people with dementia is urgent because the prevalence of the disease is increasing rapidly. Dementia is currently the seventh leading cause of death in the United States and fifth leading cause of death among people aged 65 years and older. By 2050, there will be around 19 million people with Alzheimer's disease. This article reviews ethical and policy challenges associated with providing end-of-life care for people with dementia in the United States. I explain how disagreements about the meaning of futility lead to poor care for people with dementia. Most people agree that we should not provide care that is futile, but there is little agreement about how futility should be defined. US policies and politics clearly tip the balance in the direction of treatment, even in the face of strong evidence that such care does more harm than good. Although we may never reach a consensus, it is important to address these questions and think about how to develop policies that respect the different values.
Visible and thermal infrared observations of the Martian surface during three Phobos shadow transits
Authors: Piqueux Sylvain , Christensen Philip R. 
Published: October 2012

We present visible and thermal infrared observations of the Martian surface acquired during three Phobos transits. Observations show a decrease of up to ∼20% of the reflected solar energy, consistent with the fraction of the Sun disk eclipsed by Phobos, and no measurable surface cooling. Thermal modeling indicates that the top millimeter of the regolith has a thermal inertia larger than 100 J m−2 K−1 s−1/2 regardless of the surface morphology, and is consistent with TES regional thermal inertia values derived from diurnal cycles (e.g. ∼200 J m−2 K−1 s−1/2). The thermophysical properties of the top millimeter of the regolith exclude the presence of widespread thermally‐thick dust layers, are consistent with those of the diurnal skin depths at TES and THEMIS spatial resolutions, are in accordance with high‐resolution images of the surface showing no surface mantling, with General Circulation Model results, thermally derived rock abundance values, albedo, and spectroscopic data.