bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Micro‐CT evaluation of the efficacy of hard‐tissue removal from the root canal and isthmus area by positive and negative pressure irrigation systems
Authors: Versiani M. A. , Alves F. R. F. , Andrade‐Junior C. V. , Marceliano‐Alves M. F. , Provenzano J. C. , Rôças I. N. , Sousa‐Neto M. D. , Siqueira J. F. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAimTo evaluate the removal of accumulated hard‐tissue debris (AHTD) from the root canal system of mandibular molars by positive and negative pressure irrigation systems, using micro‐CT imaging analysis.MethodologyMandibular molars with a single canal in the distal root and 2 canals connected by an isthmus in the mesial root were matched based on similar morphological dimensions using micro‐CT evaluation and assigned to 2 experimental groups (n = 20 mesial and 10 distal canals), according to the irrigation protocol: apical positive (conventional irrigation) or negative (EndoVac system) pressure. Changes in root canal volume and surface area as well as percentage of uninstrumented canal wall surface and accumulated hard‐tissue debris (AHTD) after canal preparation were compared statistically using the independent sample t‐test and Mann–Whitney U‐test, with the significance level set at 5%.ResultsVolume, surface area and percentage of static voxels in either mesial or distal root canal systems were not significantly different between groups before or after root canal preparation (P > 0.05). After preparation, AHTD was not observed in the distal canal of both groups. However, in the mesial root canal system, the conventional irrigation group was associated with a significantly higher median percentage of AHTD (11.48%; IQR: 5.9–22.6; range: 1.86–41.98) than the EndoVac group (3.40%; IQR: 1.5–7.3; range: 0.82–12.84) (P < 0.05).ConclusionsNeither irrigation protocol succeeded in rendering the mesial canal system free of AHTD; however, apical negative pressure irrigation resulted in lower levels of AHTD than conventional irrigation.
Surgical management of damaged inferior alveolar nerve caused by endodontic overfilling of calcium hydroxide paste
Authors: Byun S.‐H. , Kim S.‐S. , Chung H.‐J. , Lim H.‐K. , Hei W.‐H. , Woo J.‐M. , Kim S.‐M. , Lee J.‐H. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAimTo evaluate the neurosensory outcome of management of damaged inferior alveolar nerves caused by endodontic overfilling and to assess the efficacy of delayed surgical intervention.MethodologyNine patients who underwent surgical removal of extruded endodontic material were included. All patients were evaluated for neurosensory function using a set of standardized tests. The outcome of surgical intervention was evaluated through patient interview and quantitative statistical analysis.ResultsSurgical procedures included foreign body removal, microsurgical external/internal decompression, excision of neuroma followed by nerve repair, and excision of damaged nerve segment with interpositional nerve graft. Seven of the nine patients had significant improvement according to the follow‐up neurosensory assessment. Four patients reported significant improvement, three patients reported mild improvement and two patients reported no appreciable improvement in the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Two patients who reported no appreciable improvement in VAS also did not achieve FSR. In these patients, calcium hydroxide was spread widely along the IAN and a surgical approach was obtained via sagittal spit osteotomy. The mean time to reach FSR was 222.7 (±41.8) days with a range of 106–397 days. In the early repair group who received surgery within 60 days, three out of five patients achieved FSR in a mean time of 198.0 (±76.2) days. The mean time to FSR in all four subjects who received surgical attention over 60 days after injury was 241.3 (±139.8) days with a range of 106–397 days. As all four cases in the late repair group with limited amount of nerve injury achieved FSR, only 3 of 5 early repair cases with wide‐spread injury achieved a similar outcome.ConclusionThe results of this case series confirmed the notion that surgical management of the inferior alveolar nerve is effective in the treatment of nerve injuries caused by endodontic extrusion of calcium hydroxide paste. Delayed surgical repair of the inferior alveolar nerve can be indicated and helpful for the neurosensory recovery of damaged IAN, however, the surgical management was less effective in case of widespread nerve injuries.
16th IHIW: Immunogenetics of Aging
Authors: Naumova E. , Ivanova M. , Pawelec G. , Constantinescu I. , Bogunia‐Kubik K. , Lange A. , Oguz F. , Ozdilli K. , Franceschi C. , Caruso C. , Mishra M. , Middleton D. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryAgeing is a process characterised by progressive loss of function in multiple different organ systems, such as the nervous, endocrine and immune systems. Current data showing that ageing processes may be associated with alterations in the immune system suggest that some of the genetic determinants of senescence might be polymorphic genes that regulate immune responses. The ‘Immunogenetics of Aging’ programme was a component introduced in the 14th International HLA and Immunogenetics Workshop (IHIWS) and developed further within the 15th and 16th. The aim of this component was to determine the contribution of immune genes to successful ageing and an increased capacity to reach the extreme limits of lifespan. Within the 16th IHIWS, new populations were included, and the number of samples analysed was increased. Analysis was focused on innate immunity genes (KIR and MBL2) and their correlation with CMV serostatus. Collaborative studies suggested that both activating and inhibitory KIR and functionally relevant MBL2 haplotypes are important factors for control of CMV infection in the elderly and therefore for chronic low‐grade inflammation. Results showed that these genes might be predictive biomarkers in ageing and longevity. Prevalence of MBL2 haplotypes determining absence of the protein (LYPB, LYQC and HYPD) was observed in elderly people with a higher CMV antibody titre. The high CMV titre was also associated with a decreased frequency of the activatory KIR2DS5 and A1B10 haplotypes in elderly. Due to the role of KIR and low or deficient MBL haplotypes in viral infections, these genetic markers could be considered as indicators of a need for CMV prophylaxis at younger age and therefore increased probability of longer lifespan.
Main mutations in the hepatitis B virus basic core promoter (A1762T/G1764A) before HBeAg loss are markers that identify patients who will require long‐term treatment
Authors: Tabernero D. , Sánchez M. J. , Homs M. , Rodríguez‐Frías F. , Jardí R. , Schaper M. , Esteban R. , Buti M. 
Published: October 2015

Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010; 32: 97–104SummaryBackground  Some patients continue to have detectable HBV‐DNA levels with liver disease progression after hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) loss. It is important to identify these patients, candidates for long‐term treatment.Aims  To evaluate hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype and the main mutations in the basic core promoter (BCP, A1762T/G1764A) and precore (G1896A) sequences as markers of persistent HBV‐DNA after HBeAg loss.Methods  We analysed 60 serum samples from 20 Caucasian, HBeAg‐positive, chronic hepatitis B patients, who lost HBeAg and were followed‐up longitudinally. HBV genotype and precore and BCP mutations were determined before, at the time of, and after HBeAg loss.Results  After HBeAg loss, eight (40%) patients continued to have undetectable HBV‐DNA and 12 (60%) had persistent HBV‐DNA (median level 4.7 log10 copies/mL). The presence of BCP mutations prior to therapy was the only variable associated with persistently detectable viraemia (P = 0.017). Four patients with genotype A and no mutations in the BCP region experienced hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) loss after a mean period of 35 months from baseline.Conclusions  Main BCP mutations in HBeAg‐positive patients are useful markers to identify patients who will not have sustained virological suppression after HBeAg loss and therapy discontinuation and could benefit from long‐term treatment.
Guidelines for the use of imaging in the management of myeloma
Authors: D'Sa Shirley , Abildgaard Niels , Tighe Jane , Shaw Penny , Hall‐Craggs Margaret 
Published: October 2015

SummaryIn 2001, reference to the use of imaging in the British Committee for Standards in Haematology guidelines for the diagnosis and management of myeloma was confined to the standard use of plain X‐rays in the diagnostic skeletal survey and emergency use of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in the setting of cord compression. Since then, there has been a steady rise in interest in the use of various imaging techniques in the management of myeloma. The purpose of imaging in the management of myeloma includes the assessment of the extent and severity of the disease at presentation, the identification and characterisation of complications, and the assessment of response to therapy. Plain radiography, CT, and MR imaging are generally established examination techniques in myeloma whilst positron emission tomography (PET) and 99Technetium sestamibi (MIBI) imaging are promising newer scanning techniques under current evaluation. These stand‐alone imaging guidelines discuss recommendations for the use of each modality of imaging at diagnosis and in the follow up of patients with myeloma.
Current concepts of IgE regulation and impact of genetic determinants
Authors: Potaczek D. P. , Kabesch M. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryImmunoglobulin E (IgE) mediated immune responses seem to be directed against parasites and neoplasms, but are best known for their involvement in allergies. The IgE network is tightly controlled at different levels as outlined in this review. Genetic determinants were suspected to influence IgE regulation and IgE levels considerably for many years. Linkage and candidate gene studies suggested a number of loci and genes to correlate with total serum IgE levels, and recently genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) provided the power to identify genetic determinants for total serum IgE levels: 1q23 (FCER1A), 5q31 (RAD50, IL13, IL4), 12q13 (STAT6), 6p21.3 (HLA‐DRB1) and 16p12 (IL4R, IL21R). In this review, we analyse the potential role of these GWAS hits in the IgE network and suggest mechanisms of how genes and genetic variants in these loci may influence IgE regulation.
Increased alpha‐B‐crystallin expression in mammary metaplastic carcinomas
Authors: Chan Siu‐Ki , Lui Philip C W , Tan Puay‐Hoon , Yamaguchi Rin , Moriya Takuya , Yu Alex M C , Shao Mu‐Min , Hliang Thazin , Wong Sio‐In , Tse Gary M 
Published: October 2015

Chan S‐K, Lui P C W, Tan P‐H, Yamaguchi R, Moriya T, Yu A M C, Shao M‐M, Hliang T, Wong S‐I & Tse G M (2011) Histopathology59, 247–255Increased alpha‐B‐crystallin expression in mammary metaplastic carcinomasAims:  Mammary metaplastic carcinoma is a rare breast carcinoma, and may present diagnostic difficulty. Alpha‐B‐crystallin has been recently reported to be expressed in basal‐like and metaplastic carcinomas.Methods and results:  Thirty‐three metaplastic carcinomas, 44 conventional high‐grade carcinomas and 28 mesenchymal spindle cell neoplasms as controls were assessed for their expression of αB‐crystallin and conventional basal‐like phenotypic markers CK5/6, CK14, p63, c‐kit and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) by immunohistochemistry. Alpha‐B‐crystallin staining was positive in 68% of the metaplastic carcinomas with cytoplasmic staining in all tumour cell components. CK5/6, CK14, p63, c‐kit and EGFR stained 43%, 68%, 45%, 21% and 25% of the metaplastic carcinomas, respectively. Combining these markers, 84% of the metaplastic carcinomas expressed either αB‐crystallin or CK14. In comparison, only 14% (six cases) of conventional high‐grade carcinoma and 7% (two cases) of mesenchymal spindle cell neoplasm expressed αB‐crystallin; all but one of these carcinomas were ER/PR/HER2 triple‐negative.Conclusions:  Using αB‐crystallin for diagnosis of metaplastic carcinoma gives a 68% sensitivity, 88% specificity, 74% positive predictive value, 85% negative predictive value and 78% accuracy. The sensitivity is enhanced to 84% with combinations of αB‐crystallin/CK14. Alpha‐B‐crystallin may be used as an adjunct marker in the diagnosis of metaplastic carcinoma.
Epidermal growth factor receptor gene amplification and protein overexpression in basal‐like carcinoma of the breast
Authors: Shao Mu‐Min , Zhang Fan , Meng Gang , Wang Xing‐Xing , Xu Hua , Yu Xue‐Weng , Chen Liang‐Yan , Tse Gary M 
Published: October 2015

Shao M‐M, Zhang F, Meng G, Wang X‐X, Xu H, Yu X‐W, Chen L‐Y & Tse G M  (2011) Histopathology59, 264–273Epidermal growth factor receptor gene amplification and protein overexpression in basal‐like carcinoma of the breastAims:  Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is frequently expressed in basal‐like breast cancer (BLBC). The aim of this study was to evaluate their correlation as detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) or fluorescence in‐situ hybridization (FISH).Methods and results:  IHC for oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) 2, cytokeratin (CK) 5/6 and EGFR, and FISH for EGFR amplification, were performed in 59 cases of BLBC. EGFR IHC results were scored semiquantitatively, and compared with its gene amplification status. ER, PR and HER2 were negative in all cases, whereas 35 and 55 cases were positive for CK5/6 and EGFR. For EGFR IHC, 20, 11, 11 and 17 cases showed a negative, a low, an intermediate or a high staining level, respectively, and seven cases showed gene amplification by FISH, with two, 19, 11 and 20 cases showing balanced monosony, disomy, trisomy, and polysomy respectively. Immunohistochemical expression in gene‐amplified tumours was significantly higher than in those without amplification, including balanced polysomy tumours. EGFR immunohistochemical expression also correlated with the EGFR/chromosome 7 ratio. High sensitivity (86%) and negative predictive value (98%) were achieved with high‐level immunohistochemical expression as a cut‐off to predict gene amplification.Conclusions:  High‐level EGFR immunohistochemical expression correlated with and predicted EGFR amplification, and may be used as a screening method to exclude gene amplification.
Chronic caffeine intake increases androgenic stimuli, epithelial cell proliferation and hyperplasia in rat ventral prostate
Authors: Sarobo Carolina , Lacorte Lívia M. , Martins Marcela , Rinaldi Jaqueline C. , Moroz Andrei , Scarano Wellerson R. , Delella Flavia K. , Felisbino Sérgio L. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryCoffee intake has been associated with a low risk of developing cancer, including prostate cancer, which is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men. However, few studies have evaluated the chronic effects of caffeine, which is the most abundant methylxanthine in coffee, on prostate morphology and physiology. In the present study, we investigated the effects of chronic, low‐dose caffeine intake on rat prostate morphology from puberty to adulthood. Five‐week‐old male Wistar rats were randomized into two experimental groups: caffeine‐treated (20 ppm in drinking water, n = 12) and control (n = 12). The ventral and dorsolateral prostates were dissected, weighted and submitted to morphological, morphometrical and immunohistochemical analysis of cellular proliferation, apoptosis and androgen receptor (AR) tissue expression. The testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) concentrations were measured in the plasma. Our results show that caffeine intake increased the concentrations of T and DHT, organ weight, epithelial cell proliferation and AR tissue expression in the ventral prostatic lobe. All the ventral prostates from the caffeine‐treated animals presented various degrees of epithelial and stromal hyperplasia. Our results suggest that chronic caffeine intake from puberty increases androgenic signalling and cell proliferation in the rat prostate gland and can be related to the development of benign prostatic hyperplasia.
Wine industry residue as antioxidant in cooked chicken meat
Authors: Shirahigue Ligianne Din , Plata‐Oviedo Manuel , De Alencar Severino Matias , D’Arce Marisa Aparecida Bismara Regitano , De Souza Vieira Thais Maria Ferreira , Oldoni Tatiana Luiza Cadorin , Contreras‐Castillo Carmen J. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryThe effectiveness of grape extracts as food ingredient has been tested in various systems. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of four concentrations of residues of the wine industry in delaying lipid oxidation in processed chicken meat stored under refrigeration. The development of oxidation during the 14‐day storage was evaluated through the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances method (TBAS). The analyses of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity were performed in grape residue extracts through DPPH (1,1‐difenil‐2‐picrilidrazil) method, lipid peroxidation inhibition and Rancimat. The profile of polyphenols was determined using reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography. Isabel grape extract (IGE) and Niagara grape extract (NGE) showed significant content of phenolic compounds. NGE and IGE had high antioxidant activity. The addition of grape extracts significantly increased the oxidative stability of processed and cooked chicken meat during the storage time. The extracts from both grape varieties when applied in concentrations of 40 and 60 mg of GAE, presented results similar to that of Butyl hydroxy toluene (BHT).
Investigations on winter season Sudanese sorghum cultivars: effect of sprouting on the nutritional value
Authors: Mohamed Nour Azharri A. , Mohamed Ahmed Isam A. , Babiker Elfadil E. , Yagoub Abu ElGasim A. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPhysicochemical attributes of sorghum grains of Wad Ahmed (summer season cultivar), Abu Ragaba and Abu Kunjara (winter season cultivars) were compared. Floury endosperms characterise grains of all cultivars. Grains of Abu Ragaba and Wad Ahmed are white and Abu Kunjara are coloured. Grains were sprouted for 24, 48 and 72 h and changes in nutrients, tannin, phytic acid, protein digestibility and total and extractable minerals were studied. The nutrients and antinutients contents significantly (P ≤ 0.05) varied between cultivars. High tannin characterises Abu Ragaba and Wad Ahmed. In vitro protein digestibility of the cultivars is comparable. Contents and HCl‐extractability of Ca, P and Fe are varied. Abu Ragaba had the higher HCl‐extractability of the minerals. Sprouting changed contents of the nutrients, reduced significantly (P ≤ 0.05) tannins and phytic acid and increased digestible protein in all cultivars. Reduction of tannins was the highest in Abu Ragaba. The magnitude of reduction increased as sprouting prolonged.
Assessment of protein changes in farmed giant catfish (Pangasianodon gigas) muscles during refrigerated storage
Authors: Rawdkuen Saroat , Jongjareonrak Akkasit , Phatcharat Suttirug , Benjakul Soottawat 
Published: October 2015

SummaryFarmed giant catfish (Pangasianodon gigas) muscles (dorsal and ventral sites) were stored in a refrigerator (at 4 °C) for 14 days to determine the effect of refrigerated storage on biochemical and physical changes. The analyses were carried out at 0, 2, 4, 7, 10 and 14 days of storage. At day 14, Ca2+ ‐ATPase activity markedly decreased when compared to its value at day 1 (>90%), while a small decrease was observed for surface hydrophobicity and reactive sulfhydryls content. Total volatile basic nitrogen and trichloroacetic‐soluble peptide content gradually increased when the storage period was extended. The myosin heavy chain decreased slightly on SDS‐PAGE for both meat cuts with increased storage time. Expressible drip and cooking loss were highest during the first day of storage and slightly decreased with storage time. Instrumental hardness was significantly higher in the ventral compared to the dorsal muscle, while the toughness was the highest at the second day of storage. The muscle bundles with scanning electron microscopy were less attached, resulting in the observed big gaps over increasing storage time. Results indicated that changes of proteins have detrimental effects on the quality attributes of farmed giant catfish muscles during refrigerated storage, particularly physical and biochemical properties.
Preparation and in vitro antioxidant activity of enzymatic hydrolysates from oyster (Crassostrea talienwhannensis) meat
Authors: Dong Xiu‐Ping , Zhu Bei‐Wei , Zhao Hong‐Xia , Zhou Da‐Yong , Wu Hai‐Tao , Yang Jing‐Feng , Li Dong‐Mei , Murata Yoshiyuki 
Published: October 2015

SummaryOyster is an abundant resource from ocean, which contains high content of protein. In the present study, oyster (Crassostrea talienwhannensis) meat was digested with three proteases including papain, neutrase and alcalase respectively and the derived hydrolysates were fractionated using a series of ultrafiltration membranes (molecular weight cut‐offs of 10, 5, 3 and 1 kDa). The resultant peptide fractions were evaluated for antioxidant activity using 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and reducing power assay. Results indicated that oyster meat hydrolysates (OMHs) possessed DPPH radical scavenging capacity and reducing power in a dose‐dependent manner. The fractions below 1 kDa showed the strongest overall antioxidant activity. The present study demonstrated that the antioxidant potent of OMHs was strongly related to their concentration, size and amino acid composition.
Evaluation of plant oils for suppression of crown rot disease and improvement of shelf life of banana (Musa spp. AAA subgroup, cv. Robusta)
Authors: Sangeetha Ganesan , Thangavelu Raman , Usha Rani Swaminathan 
Published: October 2015

SummaryFourteen plant oils were evaluated to control the crown rot disease caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae and Colletotrichum musae. Five of these, viz. Ocimum sanctum, Cymbopogan citratus, C. martinii, C. nardus and Pelargonium graveolens oils completely arrested the mycelial growth of both test pathogens at their lowest concentration compared to other oils. Besides, these plant oils have also inhibited the activity of cellulolytic and pectinolytic enzymes produced by these pathogens effectively under in vitro condition. The treatment of banana fruit var. Robusta (Cavendish‐AAA) with oils of O. sanctum, C. citratus, C. nardus and C. martinii not only reduced the crown rot severity significantly, but also increased the shelf life of banana fruits. However, under low‐temperature storage (14 °C) condition, O. sanctum oil increased the shelf life of banana fruits up to 48 days without affecting their organoleptic properties. Hence, O. sanctum oil could be used as an alternative to chemical fungicides for the management of crown rot disease.
Use of chitosan, honey and pineapple juice as filling liquids for increasing the microbiological shelf life of a fruit‐based salad
Authors: D’Amato Daniela , Sinigaglia Milena , Corbo Maria Rosaria 
Published: October 2015

SummaryThe activity of some natural compounds for extending the storage life of fresh‐cut fruits was examined. In particular, the effect of chitosan, honey and pineapple juice used as filling solution on the growth of mesophilic bacteria, psychrotrophic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria and yeasts, in fruit‐based salads stored at 4 °C, 8 °C and 12 °C was investigated. Honey showed the greatest antibacterial effect on mesophilic and psychrotrophic bacteria, with non significant effects on lactic acid bacteria and yeasts. The antimicrobial activity of chitosan affected the growth of all microbial groups considered (mesophilic and psychrotrophic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria and yeast), particularly, in conditions of refrigerated storage. In contrast, no difference in the growth of monitored microorganisms between samples containing pineapple juice and control was detected.