bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The kinesin‐like proteins, KAC1/2, regulate actin dynamics underlying chloroplast light‐avoidance inPhyscomitrella patens
Authors: Shen Zhiyuan , Liu Yen‐Chen , Bibeau Jeffrey P. , Lemoi Kyle P. , Tüzel Erkan , Vidali Luis 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIn plants, light determines chloroplast position; these organelles show avoidance and accumulation responses in high and low fluence‐rate light, respectively. Chloroplast motility in response to light is driven by cytoskeletal elements. The actin cytoskeleton mediates chloroplast photorelocation responses inArabidopsis thaliana. In contrast, in the mossPhyscomitrella patens, both, actin filaments and microtubules can transport chloroplasts. Because of the surprising evidence that two kinesin‐like proteins (called KACs) are important for actin‐dependent chloroplast photorelocation in vascular plants, we wanted to determine the cytoskeletal system responsible for the function of these proteins in moss. We performed gene‐specific silencing using RNA interference inP. patens. We confirmed existing reports using gene knockouts, that PpKAC1 and PpKAC2 are required for chloroplast dispersion under uniform white light conditions, and that the two proteins are functionally equivalent. To address the specific cytoskeletal elements responsible for motility, this loss‐of‐function approach was combined with cytoskeleton‐targeted drug studies. We found that, inP. patens, these KACs mediate the chloroplast light‐avoidance response in an actin filament‐dependent, rather than a microtubule‐dependent manner. Using correlation‐decay analysis of cytoskeletal dynamics, we found that PpKAC stabilizes cortical actin filaments, but has no effect on microtubule dynamics.
Single‐nucleotide substitution of Hepatitis B virus in intrauterine infection
Authors: Wang L.‐J. , Xu Y.‐F. , Liu X.‐X. , Chen Y. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryThe relationship between hepatitis B virus (HBV) gene polymorphism and intrauterine infection has not been completely illuminated. Six pairs of mother and infant from intrauterine infection group and six mothers from nonintrauterine infection group in the previous study were randomly selected and separately divided into group M (Mother group), group N (Neonate group) and group NM (Negative‐mother group) in this study. We found that age, gestational weeks, HBsAg titre, HBeAg titre and HBV DNA level of mothers from group M and group NM were not significantly different. Pre‐S1/S2 and S regions in HBV genome were amplified, inserted into pUC19 plasmid and sequenced. It was found that all clone sequences clustered into genotype C (AY123041) through the Genotyping tool in NCBI and phylogenetic trees. Compared with AY123041, there were 20 (11 plus 9) mutations significantly different in the three groups. Most of the mutations were synonymous in pre‐S1/S2/S region, while mutations of C2990T, T3205A, A167G, C407A, A667T and A680C resulted in amino acid substitution of A90V, S162T, T47A, P127T, L213F and I218L, respectively. In addition, most of the 20 mutations caused amino acid substitution in polymerase region for the tight structure of HBV genome. The occurrence and location of mutations indicated that mutation of C2990T only existing in group NM may serve as an index for nonintrauterine infection. In contrast, the incidence of intrauterine HBV infection from mothers with mutation of T3205A was lower. Then, mutations of G403A, T670G, A673G, A167G, C407A, A667T and A680C may be closely related to intrauterine HBV infection.
The Intimin periplasmic domain mediates dimerisation and binding to peptidoglycan
Authors: Leo Jack C. , Oberhettinger Philipp , Chaubey Manish , Schütz Monika , Kühner Daniel , Bertsche Ute , Schwarz Heinz , Götz Friedrich , Autenrieth Ingo B. , Coles Murray , Linke Dirk 
Published: October 2014

SummaryIntimin and Invasin are prototypical inverse (Type Ve) autotransporters and important virulence factors of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli and Yersinia spp. respectively. In addition to a C‐terminal extracellular domain and a β‐barrel transmembrane domain, both proteins also contain a short N‐terminal periplasmic domain that, in Intimin, includes a lysin motif (LysM), which is thought to mediate binding to peptidoglycan. We show that the periplasmic domain of Intimin does bind to peptidoglycan both in vitro and in vivo, but only under acidic conditions. We were able to determine a dissociation constant of 0.8 μM for this interaction, whereas the Invasin periplasmic domain, which lacks a LysM, bound only weakly in vitro and failed to bind peptidoglycan in vivo. We present the solution structure of the Intimin LysM, which has an additional α‐helix conserved within inverse autotransporter LysMs but lacking in others. In contrast to previous reports, we demonstrate that the periplasmic domain of Intimin mediates dimerisation. We further show that dimerisation and peptidoglycan binding are general features of LysM‐containing inverse autotransporters. Peptidoglycan binding by the periplasmic domain in the infection process may aid in resisting mechanical and chemical stress during transit through the gastrointestinal tract.
Dynamic Brazilian Test of Brittle Materials Using the Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar and Digital Image Correlation
Authors: Chen J. J. , Guo B. Q. , Liu H. B. , Liu H. , Chen P. W. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTIn this paper, the dynamic tensile properties of brittle materials were studied by using the dynamic Brazilian tests. Combined with a high‐speed photographic system, a split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) was used to conduct dynamic Brazilian tests on three brittle materials: Al2O3 ceramic, granite and poly(methyl methacrylate). Based on the images recorded by a high‐speed camera, the displacement and strain fields were obtained by the digital image correlation method. The dynamic deformation and failure of the brittle materials were analysed. The rate‐related dynamic tensile strength of the three brittle materials was also determined and analysed. The results show that the dynamic Brazilian test is an effective method to study the dynamic tensile properties of brittle materials.
OsLOL1, a C2C2‐type zinc finger protein, interacts with OsbZIP58 to promote seed germination through the modulation of gibberellin biosynthesis in Oryza sativa
Authors: Wu Jiahe , Zhu Chuanfeng , Pang Jinhuan , Zhang Xiangrong , Yang Chunlin , Xia Guixian , Tian Yingchuan , He Chaozu 
Published: October 2014

SummarySeed germination is a key developmental process in the plant life cycle that is influenced by various environmental cues and phytohormones through gene expression and a series of metabolism pathways. In the present study, we investigated a C2C2‐type finger protein, OsLOL1, which promotes gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis and affects seed germination in Oryza sativa (rice). We used OsLOL1 antisense and sense transgenic lines to explore OsLOL1 functions. Seed germination timing in antisense plants was restored to wild type when exogenous GA3 was applied. The reduced expression of the GA biosynthesis gene OsKO2 and the accumulation of ent‐kaurene were observed during germination in antisense plants. Based on yeast two‐hybrid and firefly luciferase complementation analyses, OsLOL1 interacted with the basic leucine zipper protein OsbZIP58. The results from electrophoretic mobility shift and dual‐luciferase reporter assays showed that OsbZIP58 binds the G‐box cis‐element of the OsKO2 promoter and activates LUC reporter gene expression, and that interaction between OsLOL1 and OsbZIP58 activates OsKO2 gene expression. In addition, OsLOL1 decreased SOD1 gene expression and accelerated programmed cell death (PCD) in the aleurone layer of rice grains. These findings demonstrate that the interaction between OsLOL1 and OsbZIP58 influences GA biosynthesis through the activation of OsKO2 via OsbZIP58, thereby stimulating aleurone PCD and seed germination.
Offshoring and Home Country R&D
Authors: Karpaty Patrik , Tingvall Patrik Gustavsson 
Published: October 2014

AbstractNational concerns are occasionally raised against offshoring economic activities to other countries. While most of the existing literature has focused on the effects on labour demand and productivity, the effects on domestic R&D have largely been neglected. Using Swedish firm‐level data, we analyse the effects of material offshoring on the R&D intensity of domestic firms. The results suggest that the overall impact of offshoring on R&D is negative. The negative effect on home country R&D stems from offshoring by small firms from other high‐income countries. Conversely, offshoring increases home country R&D among large firms. As large firms perform the bulk of Swedish R&D, the net effect of offshoring on R&D is positive.
Readmission Rates and Long-Term Hospital Costs Among Survivors of an In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Chan Paul S. , Nallamothu Brahmajee K. , Krumholz Harlan M. , Curtis Lesley H. , Li Yan , Hammill Bradley G. , Spertus John A. 
Published: October 2014

Background—
Although an in-hospital cardiac arrest is common, little is known about readmission patterns and an inpatient resource use among survivors of an in-hospital cardiac arrest.

Methods and Results—

Within a large national registry, we examined long-term inpatient use among 6972 adults aged ≥65 years who survived an in-hospital cardiac arrest. We examined 30-day and 1-year readmission rates and inpatient costs, overall and by patient demographics, hospital disposition (discharge destination), and neurological status at discharge. The mean age was 75.8±7.0 years, 56% were men, and 12% were black. There were a total of 2005 readmissions during the first 30 days (cumulative incidence rate, 35 readmissions/100 patients; 95% confidence interval, 33–37) and 8751 readmissions at 1 year (cumulative incidence rate, 185 readmissions/100 patients; 95% confidence interval, 177–190). Overall, mean inpatient costs were $7741±$2323 at 30 days and $18 629±$9411 at 1 year. Thirty-day inpatient costs were higher in patients of younger age (≥85 years, $6052 [reference]; 75–84 years, $7444 [adjusted cost ratio, 1.23; 1.06–1.42; 65–74 years, $8291 [adjusted cost ratio, 1.37; 1.19–1.59; both
P
<0.001) and black race (whites, $7413; blacks, $9044; adjusted cost ratio, 1.22; 1.05–1.42;
P
<0.001), as well as those discharged with severe neurological disability or to skilled nursing or rehabilitation facilities. These differences in resource use persisted at 1 year and were largely because of higher readmission rates.

Conclusions—
Survivors of an in-hospital cardiac arrest have frequent readmissions and high follow-up inpatient costs. Readmissions and inpatient costs were higher in certain subgroups, including patients of younger age and black race.
New Pooled Cohort Risk Equations and Presence of Asymptomatic Brain Infarction
Authors: Park Jong-Ho , Park Jin Ho , Ovbiagele Bruce , Kwon Hyung-Min , Lim Jae-Sung , Kim Jun Yup , Cho BeLong , Yun Jae Moon , Lee Hyejin 
Published: October 2014

Background and Purpose—
The new pooled cohort risk (PCR) equations is sex- and race-specific estimates of the 10-year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular events among disease-free adults. Little is known about the association between the PCR model and presence of silent brain infarction (SBI).

Methods—
We conducted a cross-sectional study of 1603 neurologically asymptomatic Korean people (mean age, 56.6±8.3; 838 men), who underwent brain MRI. We explored the association of PCR with SBI by race. SBI was divided into deep subcortical and hemispheric (hs-SBI).

Results—
One-hundred seventy-five (10.9%) subjects had SBI. The PCR as white was independently related to the presence of SBI (odds ratio, 1.06; 95% confidence interval, 1.04–1.09), multiple (≥2) SBIs (1.09; 1.05–1.12), deep subcortical SBI (1.06; 1.04–1.09), and hs-SBI (1.07; 1.02–1.11). Compared with the lowest PCR category (<5%), dose–response relationships were observed between increasing category (5% to <7.5%, 7.5% to <10%, and ≥10%) and the presence of SBI, respectively (1.85, 0.91–3.74; 2.41, 1.13–5.14; and 3.76, 2.17–6.52), multiple SBIs (0.88, 0.10–8.02; 8.44, 2.29–31.11; and 8.47, 2.66–27.02), deep subcortical SBI (1.92, 0.92–4.02; 2.46, 1.11–4.45; and 3.77, 2.11–6.74), and hs-SBI (1.20, 0.12–11.81; 5.59, 1.08–28.96; and 5.96, 1.46–24.38). C-statistic of PCR category for SBI was 0.63 (0.60−0.65); multiple SBIs, 0.71 (0.69−0.73); deep subcortical SBI, 0.62 (0.60−0.65); and hs-SBI, 0.71 (0.68−0.73). Calibration as black showed similar pattern to findings from white model.

Conclusions—
Discrimination was fairly compatible with each race model. The PCR might serve as a simple clinical tool for identifying people at high risk for the untoward consequences of SBI, particularly multiple SBIs and hs-SBI.
Time to Angiographic Reperfusion in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Vagal Achala S. , Khatri Pooja , Broderick Joseph P. , Tomsick Thomas A. , Yeatts Sharon D. , Eckman Mark H. 
Published: October 2014

Background and Purpose—
Our objective was to use decision analytic modeling to compare 2 treatment strategies of intravenous recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (r-tPA) alone versus combined intravenous r-tPA/endovascular therapy in a subgroup of patients with large vessel (internal carotid artery terminus, M1, and M2) occlusion based on varying times to angiographic reperfusion and varying rates of reperfusion.

Methods—
We developed a decision model using Interventional Management of Stroke (IMS) III trial data and comprehensive literature review. We performed 1-way sensitivity analyses for time to reperfusion and 2-way sensitivity for time to reperfusion and rate of reperfusion success. We also performed probabilistic sensitivity analyses to address uncertainty in total time to reperfusion for the endovascular approach.

Results—
In the base case, endovascular approach yielded a higher expected utility (6.38 quality-adjusted life years) than the intravenous-only arm (5.42 quality-adjusted life years). One-way sensitivity analyses demonstrated superiority of endovascular treatment to intravenous-only arm unless time to reperfusion exceeded 347 minutes. Two-way sensitivity analysis demonstrated that endovascular treatment was preferred when probability of reperfusion is high and time to reperfusion is small. Probabilistic sensitivity results demonstrated an average gain for endovascular therapy of 0.76 quality-adjusted life years (SD 0.82) compared with the intravenous-only approach.

Conclusions—
In our post hoc model with its underlying limitations, endovascular therapy after intravenous r-tPA is the preferred treatment as compared with intravenous r-tPA alone. However, if time to reperfusion exceeds 347 minutes, intravenous r-tPA alone is the recommended strategy. This warrants validation in a randomized, prospective trial among patients with large vessel occlusions.
„Komuniści (nie) mają ojczyzny...” Wanda Wasilewska jako polska (anty)bohaterka narodowa
Authors: Mrozik Agnieszka 
Published: October 2014

<p><img src="http://ispan.waw.pl/journals/public/site/images/admin/issj004.png" alt="" /></p><p><strong>Communists have no homeland: a portrait of Wanda Wasilewska </strong></p><p>The paper offers an analysis of a number of biographies of Wanda Wasilewska, written in different historical periods. An attempt was made to reconstruct the mechanisms that governed the functioning of Wanda Wasilewska’s communist figure in the Polish political discourse; explain how she was perceived by the society, and how it altered in the course of the Polish cultural and historical transformations. A biography of an individual gains coherence as a result of the community’s search for its identity: it serves as a building block for a coherent biography of the entire community. The writing and rewriting of the biography of Wasilewska has long been a kind of “production of communism” in Poland, and communism has been one of the most important aspects of Polish identity in the recent decades.</p><p> </p><p><img src="http://ispan.waw.pl/journals/public/site/images/admin/issj003.png" alt="" /></p><p><strong>„Komuniści (nie) mają ojczyzny...” Wanda Wasilewska jako polska (anty)bohaterka narodowa</strong></p><p>Autorka analizuje powstające w rożnych okresach historycznych biografie Wandy Wasilewskiej. Usiłuje odtworzyć mechanizmy konstruowania figury komunistki w polskim dyskursie publicznym, zbadać, jak funkcjonowała ona w społecznym odbiorze, a także ustalić, jak zmieniało się jej znaczenie w procesie przemian historycznych i kulturowych. Autorka pokazuje, że tworzenie spójnej biografii jednostki – szczególnie jednostki ważnej w historii danej zbiorowości – dokonuje się w odpowiedzi na tożsamościowe poszukiwania wspólnoty: służy wytworzeniu zbiorowej biografii jako koherentnej całości. Zwraca uwagę, że pisanie biografii Wasilewskiej jako komunistki było i wciąż jest swoistym „wytwarzaniem komunizmu” w Polsce. Komunizm zaś w szerokim planie jest ważnym – jeśli nie najważniejszym w ostatnich dziesięcioleciach – komponentem polskiej zbiorowej tożsamości.</p>
Kilka uwag o trwałości legendy o krwi. Na marginesie „Kłamstwa krwi” Jolanty Żyndul
Authors: Tokarska-Bakir Joanna 
Published: October 2014

<p><img src="http://ispan.waw.pl/journals/public/site/images/admin/issj004.png" alt="" width="24" height="24" /></p><p><strong>A few remarks on the persistence of the legend of blood</strong></p><p>The article is an extended review of Jolanta Żyndul’s <em>Kłamstwo krwi </em>(‘The Lies of Blood’). Żyndul unearths numerous cases of accusing Jews of ritual murders, which happened in the 19th and the 20th century, and were then forgotten by the Poles. Żyndul puts the libel of the legend of blood inside a wider context of social, religious and political relations in the recent history. She revises the historical narration, which produced the oblivion by undermining the significance of those events.</p><p> </p><p><img src="http://ispan.waw.pl/journals/public/site/images/admin/issj003.png" alt="" /></p><p><strong>Kilka uwag o trwałości legendy o krwi. Na marginesie „Kłamstwa krwi” Jolanty Żyndul</strong></p><p>Tekst jest rozszerzoną recenzją monografii historycznej dotyczącej legend o krwi ery nowoczesnej pióra Jolanty Żyndul. Historyczka odkrywa niezwykle liczne dziewiętnasto- i dwudziestowieczne przypadki obwinień Żydów o mord rytualny, zupełnie wyparte z pamięci historycznej Polaków. Sytuuje oszczerstwo krwi w sieci powiązań społecznych, religijnych i politycznych historii najnowszej, poddając rewizji narrację historyczną, która, podważając znaczenie tych niezrozumiałych „epizodów”, wyprodukowała zapomnienie.</p>
Wuj Jankiel
Authors: Keff Bożena 
Published: October 2014

Uncle JankielThe idea of Jewish self-hatred has been present in the humanities since the 1930s. The research on this subject has usually focused on Western Europe, especially German-speaking countries. The paper analyses Jewish self-hatred using examples from contemporary official discourse in Poland. Sander Gilman’s approach to Jewish self-hatred (1986) is used to interpret the examples. It seems that it is the alleged communism of the Jewish Poles which causes them being perceived as alien and different. If one condemns their communism, one can feel entitled to be a member of the Polish community; for the condemners, the communism appears “objective” and corresponding to their world-view. In fact, it seems to be more of a ritual act of subordination, yet another cover term to define Jewish guilt and their alienness. Previously, other issues performed this function: “Talmudicness”, ritual murder, host desecration, taking over the printed media, Bolshevism, capitalism, etc. Wuj JankielPojęcie żydowskiej samonienawiści funkcjonuje w humanistyce od lat trzydziestych XX wieku. Studia tego zjawiska dotyczyły zazwyczaj Europy zachodniej, a najbardziej terenów niemieckojęzycznych. Celem autorki jest wprowadzenie zjawiska żydowskiej samonienawiści na współczesnych polskich przykładach, w kontekście polskiej kultury aprobowanego, oficjalnego dyskursu. Odwołując się do psychoanalitycznego rozumienia terminu, jakie w swojej książce Jewish Self-Hatred rozwinął Sander Gilman, autorka twierdzi, że często we współczesnej ocenie osób, które publicznie identyfikują się jako Żydzi, tym, co dziś stanowi różnicę (difference) decydującą o obcości tego, co żydowskie (wobec tego co polskie), elementem, który stanowi „skazę”, jest „komunizm” Żydów. Potępianie go jest gestem, który pozwala na poczucie przynależności do wspólnoty polskiej. Potępiającym wydaje się on uzasadniony, „obiektywny” i zgodny z ich widzeniem świata. Jednak jest raczej rytualnym gestem podporządkowania, a egzorcyzmowany „komunizm” przodków jest tylko elementem historycznie wymiennym, kolejnym pseudonimem definiującym winę (jak talmudyczność, mord rytualny, męczenie hostii, opanowanie prasy, bolszewizm, kapitalizm etc., etc.) i nazywającym obcość.
Incognito ergo sum. O wytwarzaniu obojętności
Authors: Tokarska-Bakir Joanna 
Published: October 2014

Incognito ergo sum: on indifference The present article is an analysis of various types of indifference of non-Jewish inhabitants of Warsaw to the plight of Jewish Poles. The words of Krzysztof Dunin-Wąsowicz, a historian and “Żegota” activist, provide the vantage point for the analysis: Dunin-Wąsowicz claimed that around 75 per cent of the inhabitants of Warsaw “were indifferent to what was taking place behind the Ghetto wall”. Thomas Kuhne hypothesised that it was Germans’ indifference to the Jewish – not hatred – that legitimised the Nazi racial policies of the 1930s. This statement might also apply to the “75 per cent of the inhabitants of Warsaw”. The article is mainly based on articles published by ZWZ-AK, in particular Biuletyn Informacyjny. Incognito ergo sum. O wytwarzaniu obojętnościAutorka analizuje różne odcienie obojętności nieżydowskich mieszkańców Warszawy w latach czterdziestych wobec losu żydowskich Polaków. Punktem wyjścia jest zdanie Krzysztofa Dunin-Wąsowicza, historyka i działacza „Żegoty”, który stwierdził, że dla około 75 procent mieszkańców Warszawy „obojętne było to, co działo się poza murem getta”. Powołując się na tezę Thomasa Kuhnego, że to właśnie obojętność Niemców wobec Żydów – a nie nienawiść w stosunku do nich – „spowodowała masowe poparcie nazistowskiej polityki rasowej w latach trzydziestych”, autorka zastanawia się, czy „podobnej opinii nie można by sformułować pod adresem” 75 procent mieszkańców Warszawy. Materiał do analizy stanowią w znacznej mierze publikacje prasy ZWZ-AK, w tym przede wszystkim „Biuletyn Informacyjny”.
Oświetlające się plany. Ciche i dalekie w „Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close” Jonathana Safrana Foera
Authors: Roszak Joanna 
Published: October 2014

Mutually illuminating planes: the silent and the distant in J.S. Foer’s 'Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close'The paper offers an analysis of sub-renting relations in J. S. Foer’s Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close, which are put in the context of the author’s debut novel Everything Is Illuminated. I suggest that the two novels shed light on, or “illuminate”, each other. The writer, a descendant of Polish Jews, precisely stratifies the novels and intertwines two planes: the explicit and the implicit (encoding signs of the Jewish plight), which are also the two planes of the protagonists’ identities. Oświetlające się plany. Ciche i dalekie w „Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close” Jonathana Safrana FoeraArtykuł koncentruje się wokół zagadnienia sublokatorstwa w powieści Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close (polski przekład: Strasznie głośno, niesamowicie blisko) Jonathana Safrana Foera. W refleksji o żydowskiej kondycji sublokatora (w oryginale: the renter) autorka nie pomija debiutanckiej powieści Amerykanina, Wszystko jest iluminacją. Stawia tezę, że oba dzieła wzajemnie się oświetlają. Pisarz, będący potomkiem polskich Żydów, precyzyjnie stratyfikuje powieść i nakłada na siebie dwa plany, będące także planami tożsamości głównych bohaterów: wyrażony i domyślany (szyfrujący znaki żydowskiego losu).