bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Troubling kinship: Sacred marriage and gender configuration in South India
Authors: RAMBERG LUCINDA 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTPatterns of kin‐making amongdevadasisin northern Karnataka pose problems for anthropological charting of kinship and for state projects of family normalization. Given to the goddess Yellamma by her family in a rite of marriage, a devadasi becomes a person who is both a woman and a son. Such a person cannot be mapped within a structuralist calculus of kin in which every position is always already gendered. I elaborate kin‐making as a technology for producing gender and value in persons who can inhabit, but may confound, alignments between sex, gender, and kin position that have been smuggled into the anthropological project as kinship.
Managing the margins: MBA training, international business, and “the value chain of culture”
Authors: ORTA ANDREW 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTGlobal capitalism requires a world of manageable differences. U.S. business schools train MBA students in the reckoning of international space as a field of risk and opportunity. Focusing particularly on the short‐term study‐abroad trips that have become a staple of MBA training in the past decade, I examine the role of international knowledge and experience as a constitutive part of the managerial selves contemporary capitalism is explicitly thought to require. Through these and other internationalizing experiences, I argue, MBAs learn to manage the margins: converting the risks and uncertainties of social and cultural differences into value.
Making transnational publics: Circuits of censorship and technologies of publicity in Kurdish media circulation
Authors: KOCER SUNCEM 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTKurdish media producers who interweave social and political agendas with their filmmaking are often marginalized within Turkish media worlds. Impeded by national censorship, these filmmakers move between national and transnational media worlds to advance their cinematic work. Such movement helps them create and maintain transnational publics that reinforce circulation of their media texts. Here I analyze how a documentary film about a seminomadic Kurdish community moves through international screening venues. As it journeys through film festivals in Europe, its director, Kazim Öz, accompanies it and, through deliberate discourse, attempts to increase and accelerate the film's transnational circulation. I explore the ways that Öz discursively globalizes his film, relates it to festival audiences, flags the politics of Kurdish media production, and seeks to construct a European public sensitive to the plight of Turkey's Kurds.
Automated Assessment of Cardiac Autonomic Function by Means of Deceleration Capacity from Noisy, Nonstationary ECG Signals: Validation Study
Authors: Eick Christian , Rizas Konstantinos D. , Zuern Christine S. , Bauer Axel 
Published: November 2013

BackgroundAssessment of heart rate variability by means of deceleration capacity (DC) provides a noninvasive probe of cardiac autonomic activity. However, clinical use of DC is limited by the need of manual review of the ECG signals to eliminate artifacts, noise, and nonstationarities.ObjectiveTo validate a novel approach to fully automatically assess DC from noisy, nonstationary signalsMethodsWe analyzed 100 randomly selected ECG tracings recorded for 10 minutes by routine monitor devices (GE DASH 4000, sample size 100 Hz) in a medical emergency department. We used a novel automated R‐peak detection algorithm, which is mainly based on a Shannon energy envelope estimator and a Hilbert transformation. We transformed the automatically generated RR interval time series by phase‐rectified signal averaging (PRSA) to assess DC of heart rate (DCauto). DCauto was compared to DCmanual, which was obtained from the same manually preprocessed ECG signals.ResultsDCauto and DCmanual showed good correlation and agreement, particularly if a low‐pass filter was implemented into the PRSA algorithm. Correlation coefficient between DCauto and DCmanual was 0.983 (P < 0.0001). Average difference between DCauto and DCmanual was ‒0.23±0.49 ms with limits of agreement ranging from ‒1.19 to 0.73 ms. Significantly lower correlations were observed when a different R‐peak detection algorithm or conventional heart rate variability (HRV) measures were tested.ConclusionsDC can be fully automatically assessed from noisy, nonstationary ECG signals.
Retinal oxygen metabolism in exudative age‐related macular degeneration
Authors: Geirsdottir Asbjorg , Hardarson Sveinn Hakon , Olafsdottir Olof Birna , Stefánsson Einar 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurposeTo determine whether retinal vessel oxygen saturation in patients with exudative age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) is different from that of a healthy population.MethodsOxygen saturation was measured in retinal arterioles and venules in 46 eyes of 46 treatment‐naïve exudative AMD patients and 120 eyes of 120 healthy controls. Simple and multiple linear regression analyses were used to compare the two study groups.ResultsOxygen saturation in retinal venules increases with age in patients with exudative AMD (0.45 ± 0.19% per year; p = 0.026), while it decreases with age in healthy individuals (−0.13 ± 0.03% per year; p = 0.0002). The slopes are statistically different (ANCOVA; p = 0.0003). The reverse is true for the arteriovenous difference in oxygen saturation, which decreases with age in AMD patients (−0.29 ± 0.16% per year; p = 0.065) and increases in healthy individuals (0.12 ± 0.03% per year; p < 0.0001). At age 80 years, AMD patients have 2.7 percentage points higher venous oxygen saturation than healthy persons and 4.2 percentage points less arteriovenous difference.ConclusionsThe data suggest that retinal oxygen metabolism may be altered in exudative AMD. The arteriovenous difference is smaller in exudative AMD than in a healthy cohort, consistent with reduced oxygen extraction by retinal vessels in AMD patients. Further studies are needed to fully understand the role of retinal oxygen metabolism in the pathophysiology of exudative AMD.
Characterization of the heterozygous glucokinase knockout mouse as a translational disease model for glucose control in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Baker D J , Atkinson A M , Wilkinson G P , Coope G J , Charles A D , Leighton B 
Published: November 2013

Background and PurposeThe global heterozygous glucokinase (GK) knockout (gkwt/del) male mouse, fed on a high‐fat (60% by energy) diet, has provided a robust and reproducible model of hyperglycaemia. This model could be highly relevant to some facets of human type 2 diabetes (T2D). We aimed to investigate the ability of standard therapeutic agents to lower blood glucose at translational doses, and to explore the glucose‐lowering potential of novel glucokinase activators (GKAs) in this model.Experimental ApproachWe measured the ability of insulin, metformin, glipizide, exendin‐4 and sitagliptin, after acute or repeat dose administration, to lower free‐feeding glucose levels in gkwt/del mice. Further, we measured the ability of novel GKAs, GKA23, GKA71 and AZD6370 to control glucose either alone or in combination with some standard agents.Key ResultsA single dose of insulin (1 unit·kg−1), metformin (150, 300 mg·kg−1), glipizide (0.1, 0.3 mg·kg−1), exendin‐4 (2, 20 μg·kg−1) and GKAs reduced free‐feeding glucose levels. Sitagliptin (10 mg·kg−1), metformin (300 mg·kg−1) and AZD6370 (30, 400 mg·kg−1) reduced glucose excursions on repeat dosing. At a supra‐therapeutic dose (400 mg·kg−1), AZD6370 also lowered basal levels of glucose without inducing hypoglycaemia.Conclusion and ImplicationsStandard glucose‐lowering therapeutic agents demonstrated significant acute glucose lowering in male gkwt/del mice at doses corresponding to therapeutic free drug levels in man, suggesting the potential of these mice as a translatable model of human T2D. Novel GKAs also lowered glucose in this mouse model.
Long‐term consequences of perinatal fatty acid amino hydrolase inhibition
Authors: Wu Chia‐Shan , Morgan Daniel , Jew Chris P , Haskins Chris , Andrews Mary‐Jeanette , Leishman Emma , Spencer Corinne M , Czyzyk Traci , Bradshaw Heather , Mackie Ken , Lu Hui‐Chen 
Published: November 2013

Background and PurposeFatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitors show promise as a treatment for anxiety, depression and pain. Here we investigated whether perinatal exposure to URB597, a fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitor, alters brain development and affects behaviour in adult mice.Experimental ApproachMouse dams were treated daily from gestational day 10.5 to 16.5 with 1, 3 or 10 mg kg−1 URB597. MS was used to measure a panel of endocannabinoids and related lipid compounds and brain development was assessed at embryonic day 16.5. Separate cohorts of mouse dams were treated with 10 mg kg−1 URB597, from gestational day 10.5 to postnatal day 7, and the adult offspring were assessed with a battery of behavioural tests.Key ResultsPerinatal URB597 exposure elevated anandamide and related N‐acyl amides. URB597 did not induce signs of toxicity or affect dam weight gain, neurogenesis or axonal development at embryonic day 16.5. It did lead to subtle behavioural deficits in adult offspring, manifested by reduced cocaine‐conditioned preference, increased depressive behaviours and impaired working memory. Anxiety levels, motor function and sensory‐motor gating were not significantly altered.Conclusions and ImplicationsTaken together, the present results highlight how exposure to elevated levels of anandamide and related N‐acyl amides during brain development can lead to subtle alterations in behaviour in adulthood.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Cannabinoids 2013. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2014.171.issue‐6
Chronic glucokinase activator treatment at clinically translatable exposures gives durable glucose lowering in two animal models of type 2 diabetes
Authors: Baker D J , Wilkinson G P , Atkinson A M , Jones H B , Coghlan M , Charles A D , Leighton B 
Published: November 2013

Background and PurposePharmacological activation of glucokinase (GK) lowers blood glucose in animal models and humans, confirming proof of concept for this mechanism. However, recent clinical evidence from chronic studies suggests that the glucose‐lowering effects mediated by glucokinase activators (GKAs) are not maintained in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Existing preclinical data with GKAs do not explain this loss of sustained glucose‐lowering efficacy in patients. Here, we have assessed the effects of chronic (up to 11 months) treatment with two different GKAs in two models of T2D.Experimental ApproachTwo validated animal models of T2D, insulin‐resistant obese Zucker rats and hyperglycaemic gkwt/del mice, were treated with two different GKAs for 1 or 11 months respectively at exposures that translate to clinical exposures in humans. Blood glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides and insulin were measured. GKA pharmacokinetics were also determined.Key ResultsTreatment with either GKA provided sustained lowering of blood glucose for up to 1 month in the Zucker rat and up to 11 months in hyperglycaemic gkwt/del mice, with maintained compound exposures. This efficacy was achieved without increases in plasma or hepatic triglycerides, accumulation of hepatic glycogen or impairment of glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion.Conclusions and ImplicationsChronic treatment with two GKAs in two animal models of diabetes provided sustained lowering of blood glucose, in marked contrast to clinical findings. Therefore, either these animal models of T2D are not good predictors of responses in human T2D or we need a better understanding of the consequences of GK activation in humans.
Judgments and Reasoning About Parental Discipline Involving Induction and Psychological Control in China and Canada
Authors: Helwig Charles C. , To Sharon , Wang Qian , Liu Chunqiong , Yang Shaogang 
Published: November 2013

This study examined judgments and reasoning about four parental discipline practices (induction or reasoning and three practices involving “psychological control”; Barber, 1996; two forms of shaming and love withdrawal) among children (7–14 years of age) from urban and rural China and Canada (N = 288) in response to a moral transgression. Children from all settings critically evaluated love withdrawal and preferred induction. Despite being perceived as more common in China than in Canada, with age, parental discipline based on shaming or love withdrawal was increasingly negatively evaluated and believed to have detrimental effects on children's feelings of self‐worth and psychological well‐being. Some cultural variations were found in evaluations of practices, perceptions of psychological harm, and attribution of parental goals.
Ex-vivo whole blood secretion of interferon (IFN)-γ and IFN-γ-inducible protein-10 measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay are as sensitive as IFN-γ enzyme-linked immunospot for the detection of gluten-reactive T cells in human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-DQ2·5+-associated coeliac disease
Authors: Ontiveros N , Tye-Din J A , Hardy M Y , Anderson R P 
Published: November 2013

Summary
T cell cytokine release assays are used to diagnose infectious diseases, but not autoimmune or allergic disease. Coeliac disease (CD) is a common T cell-mediated disease diagnosed by the presence of gluten-dependent intestinal inflammation and serology. Many patients cannot be diagnosed with CD because they reduce dietary gluten before medical workup. Oral gluten challenge in CD patients treated with gluten-free diet (GFD) mobilizes gluten-reactive T cells measurable by interferon (IFN)-γ enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) or major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II tetramers. Immunodominant peptides are quite consistent in the 90% of patients who possess HLA-DQ2·5. We aimed to develop whole blood assays to detect gluten-specific T cells. Blood was collected before and after gluten challenge from GFD donors confirmed to have CD (n = 27, all HLA-DQ2·5+), GFD donors confirmed not to have CD (n = 6 HLA-DQ2·5+, 11 HLA-DQ2·5−) and donors with CD not following GFD (n = 4, all HLA-DQ2·5+). Plasma IFN-γ and IFN-γ inducible protein-10 (IP-10) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) after whole blood incubation with peptides or gliadin, and correlated with IFN-γ ELISPOT. No T cell assay could distinguish between CD patients and controls prior to gluten challenge, but after gluten challenge the whole blood IFN-γ ELISA and the ELISPOT were both 85% sensitive and 100% specific for HLA-DQ2·5+ CD patients; the whole blood IP-10 ELISA was 94% sensitive and 100% specific. We conclude that whole blood cytokine release assays are sensitive and specific for detection of gluten-reactive T cells in CD; further clinical studies addressing the utility of these tests in patients with an uncertain diagnosis of CD is warranted.
Using the Assessment Framework to measure parental mood: an investigation of the reliability of the Adult Well‐Being Scale
Authors: Pepping Christopher A. , Dawe Sharon , Harnett Paul H. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe adoption of evidence‐based practice in social work has been widely promoted in recent years and with this, a growing emphasis on the evaluation of practice using well‐validated and reliable measurement processes. The Department of Health's ‘Framework for the Assessment of Children in Need and their Families’ in the UK includes quantitative measures that form part of a systematic assessment of the needs of children and their families that includes assessment of parenting capacity and parental emotional state. The measure selected to assess parental mood was originally known as the Irritability, Depression and Anxiety Scale, and has been renamed within the Assessment Framework as the Adult Well‐Being Scale. This instrument is designed to assess depression, anxiety, and inward and outward irritability. However, there has been relatively little contemporary evaluation of the reliability and validity of the measure, and the extent to which it measures the four constructs it is designed to assess. This research therefore conducted extensive analyses of the reliability, validity and underlying factor structure of the Adult Well‐Being Scale. The four subscales did not demonstrate sound psychometric properties. At best a total score may be used as an indicator of ‘overall psychological distress’.
Body mass index and depressive symptoms in primary care settings: examining the moderating roles of smoking status, alcohol consumption and vigorous exercise
Authors: Hooker S. A. , MacGregor K. L. , Funderburk J. S. , Maisto S. A. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryWhat is already known about this subject
Depressive symptoms and obesity are highly prevalent in primary care settings.
Depressive symptoms and obesity are positively related; as body weight increases, individuals are more likely to display depressive symptoms.
What this study adds
This study examines the moderating roles of health behaviours (alcohol use, smoking status and vigorous exercise) on the relationship between body mass index and depressive symptoms.
Exercise attenuates the relationship between depressive symptoms and obesity.
Primary care patients often report multiple health risk behaviours and symptoms, including obesity and depressive symptomatology. This study examined the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and depressive symptomatology among primary care patients and tested its moderation by health behaviours. Primary care patients (n = 497) completed self‐report questionnaires. Using three multilevel models, we tested the moderation of health behaviours on the BMI‐depressive symptoms relationship. After controlling for relevant covariates, BMI was positively related to depressive symptoms. Smokers reported more depressive symptoms (P < 0.01), whereas vigorous exercisers reported fewer (P < 0.001). Alcohol consumption was not related to depressive symptoms (P > 0.05). Only vigorous exercise significantly moderated the BMI‐depression relationship (P < 0.05). BMI is positively related to depressive symptoms among patients who do not participate in vigorous activity, suggesting that vigorous activity reduces the risk for depressive symptoms among patients with higher BMI.
Relations between Species Rarity, Vulnerability, and Range Contraction for a Beetle Group in a Densely Populated Region in the Mediterranean Biodiversity Hotspot
Authors: FATTORINI SIMONE 
Published: November 2013

AbstractRarity is often considered an indication of species extinction risk, and it is frequently used to obtain measures of species vulnerability. However, there is no strong evidence of a correlation between species vulnerability and threat. Moreover, there is no consensus about how rarity should be measured. I used a multidimensional characterization of species rarity to calculate a vulnerability index for tenebrionid beetles inhabiting an Italian region in the Mediterranean biodiversity hotspot. I used different metrics to examine 3 dimensions of rarity: species range, ecology, and population. Species with rarity values below the median were scored as rare for each dimension. I combined rarity scores into a vulnerability index. I then correlated species vulnerability with range trends (expanded vs. contracted). Different measures of the same rarity dimension were strongly correlated and produced similar vulnerability scores. This result indicates rarity‐based vulnerability estimates are slightly affected by the way a certain rarity dimension is measured. Vulnerability was correlated with range trends; species with the highest vulnerability had the strongest range contraction. However, a large number of common species also underwent range contraction in the last 50 years, and there was no clear relation between range contraction and their ecology. This indicates that in general human‐induced environmental changes affected species irrespective of their assumed vulnerability and that focusing only on rare species may severely bias perceptions of the extent of species decline.Relaciones entre Rareza de Especies, Vulnerabilidad y Contracción de Distribución Geográfica para un Grupo de Escarabajos en una Región Densamente Poblada en el Hotspot de Biodiversidad del Mediterráneo
Design Strategy for a Smoking Cessation Trial of Survival
Authors: Shuster Jonathan J. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractDespite unequivocal evidence that smoking cessation is beneficial in terms of survival, there is at present no firm evidence that smoking cessation programs save lives. While they do increase quit rates, the collective evidence from randomized trials is inconclusive with respect to long‐term survival. Withdrawal symptoms and the potential for harm when a subjects relapses after a prolonged period of cessation (e.g., 5+ years) might mitigate some or all of the benefits of the sustained quitters. This paper will review the key survival epidemiology and argue for a large randomized field trial of about 30,000 subjects, followed personally for 5 years and collectively for 15 years through the National Death Index. The intervention should be personalized, but reproducible through a treatment assignment algorithm. Personal coaching should be a major part of the intervention. Important short‐term data on healthcare utilization should also be collected. Strong financial motivation for quitting (or prevention of smoking in the first place) is also presented. This paper is intended to motivate a large collective effort amongst the US Clinical and Translational Science Awardees to design the intervention and bring together the interested players to conduct the study.
Early Detection of Left Ventricular Contractility Abnormalities by Two‐Dimensional Speckle Tracking Strain in Chagas' Disease
Authors: Barbosa Marcia M , Rocha Manoel O Costa , Vidigal Daniel Furtado , de Carvalho Bicalho Carneiro Renata , Araújo Rafaela Drumond , Palma Mariana Campos , de Barros Marcio Vinicius Lins , Nunes Maria Carmo P 
Published: November 2013

BackgroundChagas' disease is an important cause of heart failure, and early identification of cardiac involvement may help to identify patients at risk for disease progression. Two‐dimensional (2D) speckle tracking (ST) strain seems to be a useful tool to detect incipient ventricular dysfunction. This study aims to analyze if 2D strain can detect contractility abnormalities in asymptomatic patients with Chagas' disease.MethodsSeventy‐eight asymptomatic Chagas' disease patients (46% male; age 44.7 ± 8.6 years) with normal cardiovascular exams and a control group of 38 healthy subjects (58% male; age 44.1 ± 9.2 years) were included in the study. Using 2D strain software, left ventricular (LV) end‐systolic longitudinal, radial, and circumferential strain were measured. Global right ventricular (RV) longitudinal strain was also assessed.ResultsEchocardiographic parameters of LV systolic and diastolic function were similar between patients and controls. 2D longitudinal strain in the basal inferior, and inferoseptal walls, as well as apical segment of the inferolateral wall were lower in patients compared with controls. 2D radial strain was reduced in several segments of the LV walls as well as the global radial strain. 2D circumferential strain at the basal segment of the anterior wall showed a lower value in patients compared with controls, whereas global circumferential strain was similar between patients and controls. 2D RV strain did not differ between groups.ConclusionIn a subgroup of asymptomatic patients with Chagas' disease without evident cardiac involvement, 2D strain was reduced compared with healthy individuals, suggesting incipient LV dysfunction in these patients. 2D ST strain has the potential for detecting early myocardial impairment in the setting of Chagas' disease.