bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two CoII Metal–Organic Frameworks Based on a Multicarboxylate Ligand as Electrocatalysts for Water Splitting
Authors: Gong Yun , Hao Zhi , Meng Jiangping , Shi Huifang , Jiang Penggang , Zhang Miaomiao , Lin Jianhua 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBy using a rigid multicarboxylate ligand, 4,5‐di(4′‐carboxylphenyl)phthalic acid (H4L), two CoII complexes formulated as [Co4L2(4,4′‐bpy)(H2O)6]⋅3.5 H2O (4,4′‐bpy=4,4′‐bipyridine) (1) and [Co2L(azene)(H2O)3]⋅DMF (azene=(E)‐1,2‐di(pyridin‐4‐yl)diazene, DMF=dimethylformamide) (2) have been synthesized and structurally characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Complex 1 features a novel three‐nodal (4,5,6)‐connected 2 D framework with an unusual (32.42.5.63.7.8)(32.42.5.6)(32.46.52.64.7) topology. Complex 2 exhibits a novel two‐nodal (4,7)‐connected 3 D framework with an unusual (43.5.62)(45.55.69.7.8) topology. Ligand L4− displays different coordination modes in the two complexes. The complexes both exhibit electrocatalytic activities toward generating H2 and O2 from water with lowered overpotentials and enhanced currents. The different electrocatalytic properties of the two complexes are related to their different ligands and frameworks.
Enhancement of peripheral nerve regeneration due to treadmill training and electrical stimulation is dependent on androgen receptor signaling
Authors: Thompson Nicholas J. , Sengelaub Dale R. , English Arthur W. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTModerate exercise in the form of treadmill training and brief electrical nerve stimulation both enhance axon regeneration after peripheral nerve injury. Different regimens of exercise are required to enhance axon regeneration in male and female mice (Wood et al.: Dev Neurobiol 72 (2012) 688–698), and androgens are suspected to be involved. We treated mice with the androgen receptor blocker, flutamide, during either exercise or electrical stimulation, to evaluate the role of androgen receptor signaling in these activity‐based methods of enhancing axon regeneration. The common fibular (CF) and tibial (TIB) nerves of thy‐1‐YFP‐H mice, in which axons in peripheral nerves are marked by yellow fluorescent protein (YFP), were transected and repaired using CF and TIB nerve grafts harvested from non‐fluorescent donor mice. Silastic capsules filled with flutamide were implanted subcutaneously to release the drug continuously. Exercised mice were treadmill trained 5 days/week for 2 weeks, starting on the third day post‐transection. For electrical stimulation, the sciatic nerve was stimulated continuously for 1 h prior to nerve transection. After 2 weeks, lengths of YFP+ profiles of regenerating axons were measured from harvested nerves. Both exercise and electrical stimulation enhanced axon regeneration, but this enhancement was blocked completely by flutamide treatments. Signaling through androgen receptors is necessary for the enhancing effects of treadmill exercise or electrical stimulation on axon regeneration in cut peripheral nerves. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 74: 531–540, 2014
The Role of Sdf‐1α signaling in Xenopus laevis somite morphogenesis
Authors: Leal Marisa A. , Fickel Sarah R. , Sabillo Armbien , Ramirez Julio , Vergara Hernando Martínez , Nave Ceazar , Saw Daniel , Domingo Carmen R. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTBackground: Stromal derived factor‐1α (sdf‐1α), a chemoattractant chemokine, plays a major role in tumor growth, angiogenesis, metastasis, and in embryogenesis. The sdf‐1α signaling pathway has also been shown to be important for somite rotation in zebrafish (Hollway et al., 2007). Given the known similarities and differences between zebrafish and Xenopus laevis somitogenesis, we sought to determine whether the role of sdf‐1α is conserved in Xenopus laevis. Results: Using a morpholino approach, we demonstrate that knockdown of sdf‐1α or its receptor, cxcr4, leads to a significant disruption in somite rotation and myotome alignment. We further show that depletion of sdf‐1α or cxcr4 leads to the near absence of β‐dystroglycan and laminin expression at the intersomitic boundaries. Finally, knockdown of sdf‐1α decreases the level of activated RhoA, a small GTPase known to regulate cell shape and movement. Conclusion: Our results show that sdf‐1α signaling regulates somite cell migration, rotation, and myotome alignment by directly or indirectly regulating dystroglycan expression and RhoA activation. These findings support the conservation of sdf‐1α signaling in vertebrate somite morphogenesis; however, the precise mechanism by which this signaling pathway influences somite morphogenesis is different between the fish and the frog. Developmental Dynamics 243:509–526, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Developmental expression and role of Kinesin Eg5 during Xenopus laevis embryogenesis
Authors: Fernández Juan P. , Agüero Tristán H. , Vega López Guillermo A. , Marranzino Gabriela , Cerrizuela Santiago , Aybar Manuel J. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTBackground: The neural crest is a transient multipotent migratory cell population unique to vertebrates. These cells undergo an epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition and migrate extensively through the embryo. They differentiate into numerous diverse derivatives including the peripheral nervous system, melanocytes,and craniofacial cartilages. The development of the neural crest is mediated by complex interactions of multiple signals and transcription factors. The kinesin Eg5 is a plus end–directed microtubule‐based motor protein that is essential for bipolar spindle formation during mitosis and meiosis, axon growth, and mammal embryonic development. Results: We analyzed in detail the expression pattern of eg5 and established that it is expressed at the prospective neural fold, in the premigratory and migratory neural crest. Functional analysis revealed that in Xenopus, early embryogenesis eg5 function is required during neural crest induction, specification, and maintenance. eg5 is also required during neural crest migration and for derivatives formation. Moreover, we demonstrated a hierarchical relationship with the Indian Hedgehog signaling pathway. Conclusions: Our results show that eg5 is essential for the specification and maintenance of neural crest progenitors during Xenopus early embryogenesis rather than cell proliferation and survival. Developmental Dynamics 243:527–540, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Confronting fear using exposure and response prevention for anorexia nervosa: A randomized controlled pilot study
Authors: Steinglass Joanna E. , Albano Anne Marie , Simpson H. Blair , Wang Yuanjia , Zou Jingjing , Attia Evelyn , Walsh B. Timothy 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveAnorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe illness with high rates of relapse. Exposure and Response Prevention for AN (AN‐EXRP) is a new approach that specifically addresses maladaptive eating behavior by targeting eating‐related fear and anxiety. The aim of this study was to evaluate AN‐EXRP as an adjunctive strategy to improve eating behavior during weight restoration, at a pivotal moment when treatment goals shift toward relapse prevention.MethodA randomized controlled trial was conducted to compare AN‐EXRP with a comparison condition, Cognitive Remediation Therapy (CRT). Hospitalized patients with AN (n = 32) who had achieved weight restoration to a BMI > 18.5 kg/m2 received 12 sessions of either AN‐EXRP or CRT. Outcome was assessed by change in caloric intake in an objective assessment of eating behavior.ResultsThe average test meal caloric intake of participants who received AN‐EXRP increased from 352 ± 263 kcal at baseline to 401 ± 215 kcal post‐treatment, while that of participants who received CRT decreased from 501 ± 232 kcal at baseline to 424 ± 221 kcal post‐treatment [t(28) = 2.5, p = .02]. Improvement in intake was significantly associated with improvement in eating‐related anxiety (Spearman's ρ = 0.40, p = .03).DiscussionThese data demonstrate that AN‐EXRP, compared to a credible comparison intervention, is associated with better caloric intake in a laboratory meal over time in AN. Additional studies are required to determine whether incorporation of these techniques into a longer treatment program leads to enduring and clinically significant change. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2014; 47:174–180)
Enantioselective Synthesis of Spirooxindoles: Asymmetric [3+2] Cycloaddition of (3‐Isothiocyanato)oxindoles with Azodicarboxylates
Authors: Jiang Yu , Pei Cheng‐Kui , Du Dan , Li Xiao‐Ge , He Ya‐Nan , Xu Qin , Shi Min 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe catalytic asymmetric [3+2] cycloaddition of (3‐isothiocyanato)oxindoles with azodicarboxylates has been explored in the presence of (DHQD)2PHAL. It affords spirooxindoles having two heterocycles at their C3′‐position in excellent yields, with high enantioselectivities, and under mild conditions within 5 min. Moreover, another spirooxindole derived from the reaction of (3‐isothiocyanato)oxindole with two molecules of azodicarboxylate could also be formed in excellent yields with the same high enantioselectivities under the standard conditions.
Good practice in authoring manuscripts on geomorphology
Authors: Lane Stuart N. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThis article aims to help potential authors of geomorphological articles to get their work published. It identifies the basic characteristics of a good manuscript in geomorphology in terms of: (a) originality and significance; and (b) rigour. It uses these characteristics to define how an author should structure a ‘conventional’ manuscript in geomorphology by successfully identifying and justifying the motivation for the research; clearly and fully explaining the methods used; and presenting and discussing the results obtained. The article considers the importance of published literature in sustaining all elements of a manuscript in geomorphology. It also presents the natural symmetry that should exist between parts of a manuscript. These practical elements regarding the form and content of a manuscript are then developed through: (a) flagging some of the common mistakes made by authors drawing upon my experience as Managing Editor of the journal Earth Surface Processes and Landforms; (b) discussing the ethical and legal issues, including plagiarism, that relate to manuscript submission; (c) exploring the review process from the perspective of an author, including guidance on how best to respond to review comments in revising a manuscript. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Selecting best mapping strategies for storm runoff modeling in a mountainous semi‐arid area
Authors: Sanchez‐Moreno Juan Francisco , Jetten Victor , Mannaerts Chris M. , de Pina Tavares Jacques 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTAccurate runoff and soil erosion modeling is constrained by data availability, particularly for physically based models such as OpenLISEM that are data demanding, as the processes are calculated on a cell‐by‐cell basis. The first decision when using such models is to select mapping units that best reflect the spatial variability of the soil and hydraulic properties in the catchment. In environments with limited data, available maps are usually generic, with large units that may lump together the values of the soil properties, affecting the spatial patterns of the predictions and output values in the outlet. Conversely, the output results may be equally acceptable, following the principle of equifinality. To studyhow the mapping method selected affects the model outputs, four types of input maps with different degrees of complexity were created: average values allocated to general soil map units (ASG1), average values allocated to detailed map units (ASG2), values interpolated by ordinary kriging (OK) and interpolated by kriging with external drift (KED). The study area was Ribeira Seca, a 90 km2catchment located in Santiago Island, Cape Verde (West Africa), a semi‐arid country subject to scarce but extreme rainfall during the short tropical summer monsoon. To evaluate the influence of rainfall on runoff and erosion, two storm events with different intensity and duration were considered. OK and KED inputs produced similar results, with the latter being closer to the observed hydrographs. The highest soil losses were obtained with KED (43 ton ha− 1for the strongest event). To improve the results of soil loss predictions, higher accurate spatial information on the processes is needed; however, spatial information of input soil properties alone is not enough in complex landscapes. The results demonstrate the importance of selecting the appropriate mapping strategy to obtain reliable runoff and erosion estimates. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modeling cadmium and nickel toxicity to earthworms with the free ion approach
Authors: Qiu Hao , Vijver Martina G. , van Gestel Cornelis A.M. , He Erkai , Peijnenburg Willie J.G.M. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

The use of the free ion approach to quantify the toxic effects of Cd and Ni to the earthworms Lumbricus rubellus and Aporrectodea longa exposed in soils of different types was explored. Median lethal concentration (LC50) of Cd (expressed as the total concentration in soil) varied by approximately 11-fold and 28-fold for L. rubellus and A. longa, respectively. For Ni, these values were 50-fold and 38-fold, respectively. For the 2 earthworm species, no significant influence of cations (H+, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, and Na+) on Cd2+ toxicity was observed, while Mg2+ was found to significantly alleviate Ni2+ toxicity. The free ion activity model, which is a special case of the free ion approach with no impact of cations, sufficiently described the variability in Cd2+ toxicity across soils but failed in predicting Ni2+ toxicity. The free ion approach, in which the protective effects of Mg2+ were included, explained 89% and 84% of the variations in LC50{Ni2+} (expressed as free ion activity) for L. rubellus (log LC50{Ni2+} = 1.18log{Mg2+}−0.52) and A. longa (log LC50{Ni2+} = 0.51log{Mg2+}−2.16), respectively. Prediction error was within a factor of 2 for both Cd2+ and Ni2+ toxicity, indicating the applicability of the free ion approach for predicting toxicity of these 2 metals. Although extrapolation of the free ion approach across metals still needs more research efforts, this approach, as an alternative to the biotic ligand model, provides a feasible framework for site-specific risk assessment. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:438–446. © 2013 SETAC
Effects of Microstructural Functional Layers on Flat‐Tubular Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Choi B. H. , Jang I. W. , Sung H. J. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe functional layer of a flat‐tubular solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is examined using a three‐dimensional microscale electrode model. SOFC electrodes essentially include two types of layers: a structural layer and a functional layer. The structural layers, which are the anode support layer and the cathode current collector layer, are composed of large particles with a high porosity that facilitates gas diffusion. The functional layers consist of small particles with a low porosity that increases the triple phase boundary (TPB) reaction area and reduces the activation overpotential. In the model, the particle diameter and functional layer thickness are adjusted and analyzed. The effects of the two parameters on the performance of the functional layer are monitored in the contexts of several multilateral approaches. Most reactions occurred near the electrode–electrolyte interface; however, an electrode design that included additional TPB areas improved the electrode performance. The role of the functional layer in a flat‐tubular SOFC is examined as a function of the functional layer particle size and thickness. The performance of a cell could be enhanced by preparing a functional layer using particles of optimal size and thickness, and by operating the device under conditions optimized for these parameters.
Steam Reforming of Methanol in a Compact Copper Microchannel Foam Reactor
Authors: Shen C.‐C. , Jian T.‐Y. , Wang Y.‐T. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractHydrogen production via steam reforming of methanol over a rare earth‐promoted Cu‐based catalyst washcoated on a microchannel foam reactor (MFR) was investigated. A low reforming temperature of 242 °C at a weight hourly space velocity for the methanol/catalyst of 10 h–1 was observed in the MFR, which is lower than the 270 °C reforming temperature observed in a traditional packed‐bed reactor (PBR). According to a measurement of the reforming temperature distribution, the MFR made of Cu foam in this study exhibits extraordinary heat conductivity. The heat rate supplied from the external heating source can be transferred instantly to the reaction sites of the washcoated catalyst layer through a three‐dimensional framework of Cu microchannels. As a result, the cold spots normally encountered in a PBR are minimized effectively so that a high conversion of steam reforming of methanol is obtained. Moreover, the use of a high performance compact MFR with a volume of 4 mL as a portable hydrogen source is suggested. A hydrogen production rate of 280 mL min–1 with a CO fraction of 1.5% was obtained, which can yield a practical power output of 25 W using a commercial proton exchange membrane fuel cell with an operational efficiency of 50%.
In Situ Measurements on Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Cathodes – Simultaneous X‐Ray Absorption and AC Impedance Spectroscopy on Symmetrical Cells
Authors: Woolley R. J. , Ryan M. P. , Skinner S. J. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA solid oxide fuel cell in operando is a complex multiphasic entity under electrical polarization and operating at high temperatures. In this work, we reproduce these conditions while studying transition metal redox chemistry in situ at the cathode. This was achieved by building a furnace that allowed for X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure and AC impedance spectroscopy data to be obtained simultaneously on symmetrical cells while at operating temperatures. The cell electrodes consisted of phases from the Ruddlesden–Popper family; La2NiO4+δ, La4Ni3O10–δ, and composites thereof. The redox chemistry of nickel in these cathodes was probed in situ through investigation of changes in the position of the X‐ray absorption K‐edge. An oxidation state reduction (Ni3+ to Ni2+) was observed on heating the cells; this was correlated to changing concentrations of ionic charge carriers in the electrode. Polarizing the cells resulted in dramatic changes to their electrical performance but not to the bulk redox chemistry of the electrode. The implications of this with respect to explaining the polarization behavior are discussed.
Robotic modified radical neck dissection by bilateral axillary breast approach for papillary thyroid carcinoma with lateral neck metastasis
Authors: Seup Kim Byung , Kang Kyung Ho , Park Sung Jun 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety of robotic modified radical neck dissection compared to open modified radical neck dissection.MethodsWe enrolled 78 patients who were diagnosed with papillary thyroid cancer and underwent total thyroidectomy, bilateral central neck dissection, and modified radical neck dissection between March 2011 and February 2013. Of these patients, 65 underwent an open procedure and 13 underwent a robotic procedure using the bilateral axillary breast approach (BABA). These 2 groups were retrospectively compared.ResultsThe mean age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and tumor size were not significantly different between groups. There were no differences in the number of retrieved lymph nodes, metastatic lymph nodes, or stimulated thyroglobulin level between the 2 groups. The operation time was longer in the robotic group than in the open group.ConclusionRobotic modified radical neck dissection using BABA is safe and shows oncologic and postoperative outcomes comparable to those of the open procedure. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 37–45, 2015
Passive sampling methods for contaminated sediments: State of the science for metals
Authors: Peijnenburg Willie JGM , Teasdale Peter R , Reible Danny , Mondon Julie , Bennett William W , Campbell Peter GC 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
“Dissolved” concentrations of contaminants in sediment porewater (Cfree) provide a more relevant exposure metric for risk assessment than do total concentrations. Passive sampling methods (PSMs) for estimating Cfree offer the potential for cost-efficient and accurate in situ characterization of Cfree for inorganic sediment contaminants. In contrast to the PSMs validated and applied for organic contaminants, the various passive sampling devices developed for metals, metalloids, and some nonmetals (collectively termed “metals”) have been exploited to a limited extent, despite recognized advantages that include low detection limits, detection of time-averaged trends, high spatial resolution, information about dissolved metal speciation, and the ability to capture episodic events and cyclic changes that may be missed by occasional grab sampling. We summarize the PSM approaches for assessing metal toxicity to, and bioaccumulation by, sediment-dwelling biota, including the recognized advantages and limitations of each approach, the need for standardization, and further work needed to facilitate broader acceptance and application of PSM-derived information by decision makers. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2014;10:179–196. © 2014 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.
Key Points
Passive sampling methods (PSMs) offer the potential for cost-efficient and accurate in situ characterization of the dissolved concentrations for inorganic sediment contaminants. PSMs are useful for evaluating the geochemical behavior of metals in surficial sediments, including determination of fluxes across the sediment-water interface, and post-depositional changes in metal speciation. Few studies have tried to link PSM responses in sediments to metal uptake and toxicity responses in benthic organisms. There is a clear need for further studies. Future PSMs could be designed to mimic saturable kinetics, which would fill the gap between the kinetic and the equilibrium regime samplers currently used, and may improve prediction of metals accumulation by benthic organisms.