bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Outcomes of Remission Induction Therapy for Severe Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody–Associated Vasculitis
Authors: Miloslavsky E. M. , Specks U. , Merkel P. A. , Seo P. , Spiera R. , Langford C. A. , Hoffman G. S. , Kallenberg C. G. M. , St.Clair E. W. , Tchao N. K. , Viviano L. , Ding L. , Sejismundo L. P. , Mieras K. , Iklé D. , Jepson B. , Mueller M. , Brunetta P. , Allen N. B. , Fervenza F. C. , Geetha D. , Keogh K. , Kissin E. Y. , Monach P. A. , Peikert T. , Stegeman C. , Ytterberg S. R. , Stone J. H. ,   for the Rituximab in ANCA‐Associated Vasculitis–Immune Tolerance Network Research Group
Published: June 2013

ObjectiveTo evaluate the reasons that complete remission is not achieved or maintained with original treatment in some patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)–associated vasculitis (AAV) treated with rituximab (RTX) or with cyclophosphamide/azathioprine (CYC/AZA).MethodsThe Rituximab in AAV trial was a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial comparing the rate of remission induction among patients treated with RTX (n = 99) and patients treated with CYC followed by AZA (n = 98). Glucocorticoids were tapered over a period of 5 months. The primary outcome measure was lack of disease activity without glucocorticoid treatment at 6 months. To determine the most important reason for failure to achieve the primary outcome, 7 hierarchical categories of reasons were defined retrospectively (uncontrolled disease, adverse event leading to therapy discontinuation, severe flare, limited flare, Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score for Wegener's Granulomatosis >0, prednisone treatment at any dosage, and other).ResultsAlthough remission (lack of disease activity) was achieved in 170 of the 197 patients (86%) in the first 6 months, the primary outcome measure was not achieved in 42%. There were 3 deaths. Twenty‐four percent of the patients failed to achieve the primary end point due to active disease: 10 (5%) experienced uncontrolled disease in the first month and 37 (19%) experienced flares after initial improvement. In the majority of such patients, treatment with blinded crossover or according to best medical judgment led to disease control. Ninety‐one percent of patients who had uncontrolled disease or experienced a severe flare had proteinase 3 (PR3)–ANCA. When patients with uncontrolled disease were excluded from analysis, those who were PR3‐ANCA positive were found to experience fewer flares when treated with RTX compared to CYC/AZA (8 of 59 [14%] versus 20 of 62 [32%]; P = 0.02). Neither ANCA titers nor B cell counts predicted disease flare.ConclusionCurrent treatment regimens are largely successful in controlling AAV, but in approximately one‐fourth of patients, active disease persists or recurs in the first 6 months despite treatment. PR3‐ANCA positivity is a risk factor for recurrence or persistence of severe disease. ANCA titers and B cell detectability are poor predictors of both disease relapse and disease quiescence in the first 6 months.
Gr‐1highCD11b+ Cells Suppress B Cell Differentiation and Lupus‐like Disease in Lupus‐Prone Male Mice
Authors: Trigunaite Abhishek , Khan Ayesha , Der Evan , Song Anne , Varikuti Sanjay , J⊘rgensen Trine N. 
Published: June 2013

ObjectiveSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) develops much more readily in females than in males. Previous research has focused primarily on identifying mechanisms pertinent to the pathology in females. The aim of the current study was to delineate active protective mechanisms in males. We present evidence of a new male‐associated mechanism of protection against the development of lupus‐like disease in lupus‐prone (NZB × NZW)F1 mice.MethodsWe identified previously uncharacterized cellular and functional differences in myeloid cells between male and female (NZB × NZW)F1 mice, with the use of flow cytometry, confocal imaging, in vivo antibody‐mediated depletion, and in vitro cell coculture assays.ResultsA population of Gr‐1highLy‐6G+CD11b+ myeloid cells was found to be constitutively increased in male (NZB × NZW)F1 mice as compared with female mice and was regulated by testosterone. The cells were located adjacent to spleen B cell follicles in vivo and were found to directly inhibit cytokine‐induced differentiation of naive B cells into antibody‐secreting cells in vitro. Most notably, treatment with anti–Gr‐1–depleting antibodies increased the spontaneous production of antinuclear autoantibodies in male (NZB × NZW)F1 mice, while a similar approach in female mice had no effect on disease development.ConclusionMale lupus‐prone (NZB × NZW)F1 mice harbor elevated levels of a population of myeloid cells with pronounced immunosuppressive capacities that specifically target B cells and the production of antibodies in vivo. We suggest that these cells represent a male‐driven inhibitory mechanism involved in the control of B cell pathogenesis, delaying (or preventing) lupus‐like disease development in otherwise genetically predisposed male (NZB × NZW)F1 mice.
Stochastic method for determination of the organ‐specific averaged SAR in realistic environments at 950 MHz
Authors: Thielens Arno , Vermeeren Günter , Joseph Wout , Martens Luc 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe organ‐specific averaged specific absorption rate (SARosa) in a heterogeneous human body phantom, the Virtual Family Boy, is determined for the first time in five realistic electromagnetic environments at the Global System for Mobile Communications downlink frequency of 950 MHz. We propose two methods based upon a fixed set of finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) simulations for generating cumulative distribution functions for the SARosa in a certain environment: an accurate vectorial cell‐wise spline interpolation with an average error lower than 1.8%, and a faster scalar linear interpolation with a maximal average error of 14.3%. These errors are dependent on the angular steps chosen for the FDTD simulations. However, it is demonstrated that both methods provide the same shape of the cumulative distribution function for the studied organs in the considered environments. The SARosa depends on the considered organ and the environment. Two factors influencing the SARosa are investigated for the first time: conductivity over the density ratio of an organ, and the distance of the organ's center of gravity to the body's surface and exterior of the phantom. A non‐linear regression with our model provides a correlation of 0.80. The SARosa due to single plane‐wave exposure is also investigated; a worst‐case single plane‐wave exposure is determined for all studied organs and has been compared with realistic SARosa values. There is no fixed worst‐case polarization for all organs, and a single plane‐wave exposure condition that exceeds 91% of the SARosa values in a certain environment can always be found for the studied organs. Bioelectromagnetics. 34:549–562. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Under‐folded proteins: Conformational ensembles and their roles in protein folding, function, and pathogenesis
Authors: Uversky Vladimir N. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTFor decades, protein function was intimately linked to the presence of a unique, aperiodic crystal‐like structure in a functional protein. The two only places for conformational ensembles of under‐folded (or partially folded) protein forms in this picture were either the end points of the protein denaturation processes or transiently populated folding intermediates. Recent years witnessed dramatic change in this perception and conformational ensembles, which the under‐folded proteins are, have moved from the shadow. Accumulated to date data suggest that a protein can exist in at least three global forms–functional and folded, functional and intrinsically disordered (nonfolded), and nonfunctional and misfolded/aggregated. Under‐folded protein states are crucial for each of these forms, serving as important folding intermediates of ordered proteins, or as functional states of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) and IDP regions (IDPRs), or as pathology triggers of misfolded proteins. Based on these observations, conformational ensembles of under‐folded proteins can be classified as transient (folding and misfolding intermediates) and permanent (IDPs and stable misfolded proteins). Permanently under‐folded proteins can further be split into intentionally designed (IDPs and IDPRs) and unintentionally designed (misfolded proteins). Although intrinsic flexibility, dynamics, and pliability are crucial for all under‐folded proteins, the different categories of under‐foldedness are differently encoded in protein amino acid sequences. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 99: 870–887, 2013.
Prophylactic central neck dissection for papillary thyroid cancer (Br J Surg 2013; 100: 410–418)
Authors: Hadad S , Balasubramanian S 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
The Editors welcome topical correspondence from readers relating to articles published in the Journal. Responses should be sent electronically via the BJS website (www.bjs.co.uk). All letters will be reviewed and, if approved, appear on the website. A selection of these will be edited and published in the Journal. Letters must be no more than 250 words in length
Taking a Long View in Child Welfare: How Can We Evaluate Intervention and Child Wellbeing Over Time?
Authors: McGhee Janice , Mitchell Fiona , Daniel Brigid , Taylor Julie 
Published: June 2013

This paper synthesises ideas generated from an international knowledge exchange seminar series to explore the potential and pitfalls in utilising routine administrative data and survey data for longitudinal research about children involved in public child welfare services. Methodological, technical and ethical issues are explored, including the challenges in capturing the nature, focus and intensity of intervention. It is suggested that assessing child wellbeing across a range of dimensions in the short, medium and long term may provide a better conceptual basis for research than defining specific outcomes. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.‘Synthesises ideas generated from an international knowledge exchange seminar series’Key Practitioner Messages:

In responding to child maltreatment, it is crucial to record and understand the social context.
Information systems can be used beyond individual cases, disciplines and jurisdictions. Their potential when combined will help us understand child maltreatment to a greater degree.
Child protection work is complex and practice is not straightforward. Understanding what works best, for whom and in what circumstances can be enhanced by looking at multiple disciplines over long periods of time.
A Charge‐Stabilizing, Multimodular, Ferrocene–Bis(triphenylamine)–Zinc‐porphyrin–Fullerene Polyad
Authors: Wijesinghe Channa A. , El‐Khouly Mohamed E. , Zandler Melvin E. , Fukuzumi Shunichi , D'Souza Francis 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA novel multimodular donor–acceptor polyad featuring zinc porphyrin, fullerene, ferrocene, and triphenylamine entities was designed, synthesized, and studied as a charge‐stabilizing, photosynthetic‐antenna/reaction‐center mimic. The ferrocene and fullerene entities, covalently linked to the porphyrin ring, were distantly separated to accomplish the charge‐separation/hole‐migration events leading to the creation of a long‐lived charge‐separated state. The geometry and electronic structures of the newly synthesized compound was deduced by B3LYP/3‐21G(*) optimization, while the energy levels for different photochemical events was established using data from the optical absorption and emission, and electrochemical studies. Excitation of the triphenylamine entities revealed singlet‐singlet energy transfer to the appended zinc porphyrin. As predicted from the energy levels, photoinduced electron transfer from both the singlet and triplet excited states of the zinc porphyrin to fullerene followed by subsequent hole migration involving ferrocene was witnessed from the transient absorption studies. The charge‐separated state persisted for about 8.5 μs and was governed by the distance between the final charge‐transfer product, that is, a species involving a ferrocenium cation and a fullerene radical anion, with additional influence from the charge‐stabilizing triphenylamine entities located on the zinc‐porphyrin macrocycle.
Future Processing and Recycling Strategies for Rare Earths
Authors: Helling Christoph , Strube Jochen 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe annual demand on rare earth materials still increases for many applications. The present study focusses on recycling technologies of rare earth compound out and for luminescence materials at different light spectra. The purity specification allows only impurities in ppm‐range. A case study based on experimental and literature data is described. Different processing concepts are generated and optimized by process modeling. Finally, a cost calculation and sensitivity analysis point out the potential for a combined processing concept of chromatographic and reactive liquid‐liquid extraction processes. Main cost drivers are indicated. Technological realization limits are included in this study.
Shear cell tests for quantification of tailings segregation
Authors: Talmon Arno M. , van Kesteren Walther G. M. , Sittoni Luca , Hedblom Eric P. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractMine tailings consisting of sands, silts and clays may segregate during deposition and flow, leading to problems with storage capacity and strength development of settling pond deposits. Non‐segregating tailings (NST) may effectively limit the effect of segregation by increasing the amount of fines retained in deposited tailings. Segregation can be minimised once the settling velocity of the coarse fraction of the tailings is determined as a function of the rheological properties and shear rate. Shear cell testing provides a bench‐scale test method to quantify settling velocities of the coarse fraction of slurries. Within the tested conditions, measured settling velocities are about twice as large as settling velocities calculated based on apparent viscosity and hindered settling.
Self‐certified proxy convertible authenticated encryption: formal definitions and a provably secure scheme
Authors: Xie Qi , Wang Guilin , Xia Fubiao , Chen Deren 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYIn 2009, Wu and Lin introduced the concept of self‐certified proxy convertible authenticated encryption (SP‐CAE) by integrating self‐certified public‐key system and designated verifier proxy signature with message recovery. They also presented the first SP‐CAE scheme which is based the discrete logarithm problem. However, Wu‐Lin scheme is not secure as Xie et al. recently showed that this scheme is existentially forgeable under adaptive chosen warrants, unconfidentiable and verifiable under adaptive chosen messages and designated verifiers. In this paper, we first discuss the security requirements of SP‐CAE and then formally define unforgeability, message confidentiality, and unverifiability. Consequently, the first complete formal model of SP‐CAE is proposed. After that, we propose a provably secure SP‐CAE scheme by using two‐party Schnorr signature introduced by Nicolosi et al. in 2003. Finally, we prove the formal security of the proposed scheme in the random oracle model under the discrete logarithm assumption. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimizing wireless unicast and multicast sensor networks on the basis of evolutionary game theory
Authors: Chen Zhide , Qiao Cheng , Xu Li , Wu Wei 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYThis paper presents two routing games, a unicast and a multicast routing game, for wireless sensor networks. We analyze the actions of nodes inside/outside lowest cost path (LCP) and draw their payoff functions. Our simulation shows that this evolutionary game theory scheme has several advantages over a widely used collusion–resistant routing scheme. All nodes, either out of LCP or in LCP, will ultimately choose the strategy ‘transmit’. To improve the payoff, nodes in LCP should either minimize their actual forwarding cost or maximize their claimed cost as long as it remains in the LCP, whereas minimizing the actual claimed cost is not an optimal option for nodes out of LCP. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Robust NMR Approaches for the Determination of Homonuclear Dipole–Dipole Coupling Constants in Studies of Solid Materials and Biomolecules
Authors: Saalwächter Kay 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis review addresses the NMR spectroscopy study of molecular structure and dynamics by way of homonuclear dipole–dipole couplings by relying on their orientation and direct distance dependence. The study of homonuclear couplings as opposed to heteronuclear couplings poses specific challenges. On the one hand, two like spins cannot be independently manipulated easily, which means that simple shift‐refocusing concepts by using hard π pulses cannot be used to cope with potentially large chemical‐shift dispersions at the high fields used today. On the other hand, the noncommutativity of the different pair Hamiltonians in a multispin system leads to complications associated with the isolation of specific pair couplings while minimizing the influence of the other spins. In particular, the so‐called dipolar‐truncation effect challenges the observation of weak couplings of interest in the presence of stronger ones. Recent advances in determining homonuclear dipole–dipole coupling constants are reviewed, stressing the use of double‐quantum spectroscopy approaches and their similarity to the popular heteronuclear rotational‐echo double‐resonance experiment. Particular emphasis is put on corrections for the influence of transverse relaxation effects on the measured data, and the handling of distribution effects as well as potential dynamic heterogeneities in complex substances.
Preparation of Glycerol Carbonate Esters by using Hybrid Nafion–Silica Catalyst
Authors: Climent María J. , Corma Avelino , Iborra Sara , Martínez‐Silvestre Sergio , Velty Alexandra 
Published: June 2013

AbstractGlycerol carbonate esters (GCEs), which are valuable biomass‐derivative compounds, have been prepared through the direct esterification of glycerol carbonate and long organic acids with different chain lengths, in the absence of solvent, and with heterogeneous catalysts, including acidic‐organic resins, zeolites, and hybrid organic–inorganic acids. The best results, in terms of activity and selectivity towards GCEs, were obtained using a Nafion–silica composite. A full reaction scheme has been established, and it has been demonstrated that an undesired competing reaction results in the generation of glycerol and esters derived from a secondary hydrolysis of the endocyclic ester group, which is attributed to water formed during the esterification reaction. The influence of temperature, substrate ratio, catalyst‐to‐substrate ratio, and the use of solvent has been studied and, under optimized reaction conditions and with the adequate catalyst, it was possible to achieve 95 % selectivity for the desired product at 98 % conversion. It was demonstrated that the reaction rate decreased as the number of carbon atoms in the linear alkyl chain of the carboxylic acid increased for both p‐toluenesulfonic acid and Nafion–silica nanocomposite (Nafion SAC‐13) catalysts. After fitting the experimental data to a mechanistically based kinetic model, the reaction kinetic parameters for Nafion SAC‐13 catalysis were determined and compared for reactions involving different carboxylic acids. A kinetic study showed that the reduced reactivity of carboxylic acids with increasing chain lengths could be explained by inductive as well as steric effects.
A picopower temperature‐compensated, subthreshold CMOS voltage reference
Authors: Albano Domenico , Crupi Felice , Cucchi Francesca , Iannaccone Giuseppe 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTA voltage reference consisting of only two nMOS transistors with different threshold voltages is presented. Measurements performed on 23 samples from a single batch show a mean reference voltage of 275.4 mV. The subthreshold conduction and the low number of transistors enable to achieve a mean power consumption of only 40 pW. The minimum supply voltage is 0.45 V, which coincides with the lowest value reported so far. The mean TC in the temperature range from 0 to 120 °C is 105.4 ppm/°C, while the mean line sensitivity is 0.46%/V in the supply voltage range 0.45–1.8 V. The occupied area is 0.018 mm2. The power supply rejection rate without any filtering capacitor is −48 dB at 20 Hz and −29.2 dB at 10 kHz. Thanks to large area transistors and to a careful layout, the coefficient of variation of the reference voltage is only 0.62%. We introduce as a new figure of merit, the voltage temperature parameter (VTP), which gives a direct measure of the overall percentage variation of the reference voltage on the typical 2D domain of supply voltage and temperature. For the proposed circuit, the average VTP is 1.70% with a standard deviation of 0.21%. In order to investigate the effect of transistor area on process variability, a 4X replica of the proposed configuration has been fabricated and tested as well. Except for LS, the 4X replica doesn't exhibit any appreciable improvement with respect to the basic voltage reference. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Noisy spit: Parental noncompliance with child salivary cortisol sampling
Authors: Smith Victoria C. , Dougherty Lea R. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractStudies assessing hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis functioning in young children commonly involve parental collection of salivary cortisol in ambulatory settings. However, no data are available on the compliance of parents in collecting ambulatory measures of children's salivary cortisol. This study examined the effects of parental compliance on the cortisol awakening response (CAR) and diurnal cortisol slopes in a sample of preschool‐age children (ages 3–5). Eighty‐one parents were instructed to collect their child's salivary cortisol samples upon their child's waking, 30 and 45 min post‐waking and before bedtime on two weekdays. Subjective parental compliance was assessed using parent‐report, and objective parental compliance was assessed using an electronic monitoring device. Rates of compliance were higher based on parent‐report than electronic monitoring. Parental noncompliance as indicated by electronic monitoring was associated with higher waking cortisol and lower CAR. Findings suggest the need to incorporate electronic monitoring of parental compliance into developmental neuroendocrine research, especially when assessing the CAR. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 56: 647–656, 2014.
Effects of the kappa opioid receptor antagonist, nor‐binaltorphimine, on ethanol intake: Impact of age and sex
Authors: Morales Melissa , Anderson Rachel I. , Spear Linda P. , Varlinskaya Elena I. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThe kappa opioid receptor (KOR) antagonist, nor‐binaltorphimine (nor‐BNI), was used to investigate the role of the KOR system in mediating ethanol intake. On P25 (adolescent) or P67 (adult) male and female rats were individually housed and given ad libitum access to food and water. The experimental procedure was initiated on P28 or P70: animals were given 30 min/day access to a 10% ethanol/supersaccharin solution every other day (3 baseline exposures). On the day after the final baseline test, rats were injected with nor‐BNI (0, 2.5, 5, 10 mg/kg), with testing initiated 24 hr later (30‐min access every other day, 3 test exposures). Nor‐BNI (10 mg/kg) increased ethanol intake in adult males, whereas the same dose decreased intake in adult females, suggesting pronounced sex differences in KOR‐associated mediation of ethanol intake in adulthood. There was no impact of nor‐BNI in adolescent animals of either sex, suggesting that the KOR may play less of a role in modulating ethanol intake during adolescence. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 56: 700–712, 2014.