bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unveiling intrusions: explainable SVM approaches for addressing encrypted Wi-Fi traffic in UAV networks
Authors: Bayrak Sengul 
Published: July 2024

AbstractUnmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), also known as drones, have become instrumental in various domains, including agriculture, geographic information systems, media, logistics, security, and defense. These UAVs often rely on wireless communication networks for data transmission, making them vulnerable to cyberattacks. To address these challenges, it is necessary to detect potential threats by analyzing the encrypted Wi-Fi traffic data generated by UAVs. This study aimed to develop a linear SVM model that is enhanced with explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) techniques and fine-tuned using Bayesian optimization for intrusion detection systems (IDSs); the model is specifically designed to identify malware threats targeting UAVs. This research utilized encrypted Wi-Fi traffic data derived from three different UAV networks, namely, Parrot Bebop 1, DBPower UDI, and DJI Spark, while considering unidirectional and bidirectional communication flow modes. SVM-based intrusion detection models have been modeled on these datasets, identified their key features using the local interpretable model-agnostic explanations (LIME) technique, and conducted a cost analysis of the proposed modeling approach. The incorporation of the LIME method enabled to highlight the features that are highly indicative of cyberattacks and provided valuable insights into the importance of each feature in the context of intrusion detection. In conclusion, this interpretable IDS model, fine-tuned with Bayesian optimization, demonstrated its superiority over the state-of-the-art methods, proving its efficacy in detecting and mitigating threats to UAVs while offering a cost-effective solution.
Migration-related determinants of health-care service utilization among persons with a direct migration background in Germany: an exploratory study based on the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP)
Authors: Grochtdreis Thomas , König Hans-Helmut , Dams Judith 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
It is known that the health-care service utilization in primary care of persons with a direct migration background is lower compared to non-migrants. However, potential migration-related determinants of health-care service utilization are not known. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the associations between health-care service utilization and migration-related characteristics of persons with a direct migration background in Germany.

Methods
The migration samples (M1 and M2) of the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) were used as the sample for this study. Associations between the number of visits to primary care physicians in the previous three months and migration-related characteristics were examined using generalized linear models. Associations between the hospitalization within one year and migration-related characteristics were examined using logit models.

Results
The mean number of visits to primary care physicians was about 2, and 8% of persons were hospitalized. Being born in a country other than Russia was associated with a higher number of visits to primary care physicians (+ 26% to + 34%). Both, a very strong connectedness with the country of birth and very good oral German language skills were associated with higher number of visits to primary care physicians (both + 13%) compared to no connectedness and fairly bad oral German language skills.

Conclusion
Only the country of birth, connectedness with the country of birth and oral German language skills may be migration-related determinants of health-care service utilization with regard to the number of visits to primary care physicians by persons with a direct migration background in Germany. With regard to hospitalization, no potential migration-related determinants of health-care service utilization could be identified.
Detection and characterization of autoreactive memory stem T-cells in children with acute immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Zahran Asmaa M. , El-Badawy Omnia H. , Mahran Hayam , Gad Eman , Saad Khaled , Morsy Salma G. , Makboul Ahmed , Zahran Zeinab Albadry M. , Elhoufey Amira , Dailah Hamad Ghaleb , Elsayh Khalid I. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPrimary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an acquired autoimmune disorder characterized by an isolated decrease in platelets below 100 × 109/l after the exclusion of other conditions associated with thrombocytopenia. We investigated the role of different memory T-cell subsets, including T stem cell memory (TSCM), in children diagnosed with primary ITP and its association with therapeutic duration. This case–control study included 39 pediatric patients with acute ITP admitted to the Children's Hospital at Assiut University. Using a FACSCanto flow cytometer, CD8 + and CD4 + T-lymphocytes were gated. Five different subsets were characterized in each of these cells according to CD45RO and CD45RA expression. Afterward, gating was performed based on CCR7, CD95, and CD27. Examination of the CD8 + T cells subpopulation showed that Central memory T (TCM) and CD8+ Naïve T (TN) cells were significantly lower in ITP patients than in healthy children (p < 0.0001) and (p = 0.01), respectively. In addition, CD8 + TEMRA was significantly higher in ITP children than in controls (p = 0.001). CD4 + TCM cells were significantly lower in the ITP patient group (p = 0.04). However, CD4 + TEM was significantly higher in patients than controls (p = 0.04). Our research found that ITP patients had an imbalance in the ratio of CD4+ to CD8+ T cells in the peripheral blood and that TCM cells may be involved in the pathogenetic mechanism of ITP. TCMs could help in prediction of patients with higher risk of developing ITP.
Ultra-wide band gap and wave attenuation mechanism of a novel star-shaped chiral metamaterial
Authors: Wang Shuo , Wang Anshuai , Wu Yansen , Li Xiaofeng , Sun Yongtao , Zhang Zhaozhan , Ding Qian , Ayalew G. D. , Ma Yunxiang , Lin Qingyu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA novel hollow star-shaped chiral metamaterial (SCM) is proposed by incorporating chiral structural properties into the standard hollow star-shaped metamaterial, exhibiting a wide band gap over 1 500 Hz. To broaden the band gap, solid single-phase and two-phase SCMs are designed and simulated, which produce two ultra-wide band gaps (approximately 5 116 Hz and 6 027 Hz, respectively). The main reason for the formation of the ultra-wide band gap is that the rotational vibration of the concave star of two novel SCMs drains the energy of an elastic wave. The impacts of the concave angle of a single-phase SCM and the resonator radius of a two-phase SCM on the band gaps are studied. Decreasing the concave angle leads to an increase in the width of the widest band gap, and the width of the widest band gap increases as the resonator radius of the two-phase SCM increases. Additionally, the study on elastic wave propagation characteristics involves analyzing frequency dispersion surfaces, wave propagation directions, group velocities, and phase velocities. Ultimately, the analysis focuses on the transmission properties of finite periodic structures. The solid single-phase SCM achieves a maximum vibration attenuation over 800, while the width of the band gap is smaller than that of the two-phase SCM. Both metamaterials exhibit high vibration attenuation capabilities, which can be used in wideband vibration reduction to satisfy the requirement of ultra-wide frequencies.
Multi-layer quasi-zero-stiffness meta-structure for high-efficiency vibration isolation at low frequency
Authors: Zhou Jiahao , Zhou Jiaxi , Pan Hongbin , Wang Kai , Cai Changqi , Wen Guilin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAn easily stackable multi-layer quasi-zero-stiffness (ML-QZS) meta-structure is proposed to achieve highly efficient vibration isolation performance at low frequency. First, the distributed shape optimization method is used to design the unit cel, i.e., the single-layer QZS (SL-QZS) meta-structure. Second, the stiffness feature of the unit cell is investigated and verified through static experiments. Third, the unit cells are stacked one by one along the direction of vibration isolation, and thus the ML-QZS meta-structure is constructed. Fourth, the dynamic modeling of the ML-QZS vibration isolation meta-structure is conducted, and the dynamic responses are obtained from the equations of motion, and verified by finite element (FE) simulations. Finally, a prototype of the ML-QZS vibration isolation meta-structure is fabricated by additive manufacturing, and the vibration isolation performance is evaluated experimentally. The results show that the vibration isolation performance substantially enhances when the number of unit cells increases. More importantly, the ML-QZS meta-structure can be easily extended in the direction of vibration isolation when the unit cells are properly stacked. Hence, the ML-FQZS vibration isolation meta-structure should be a fascinating solution for highly efficient vibration isolation performance at low frequency.
Alkoxide-based solvent dyeing: a feasible strategy for pollution minimization and sustainable approach for the reactive dyeing of cellulosic materials
Authors: Periyasamy Aravin Prince , Negi Arvind 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of substituting the conventional inorganic alkalis (Na2CO3) with different organic alkoxide5s to explore the potential of replacing aqueous dyeing medium with environmentally friendly solvents like ethanol (EtOH). The study aimed to assess the dyeing characteristics, such as exhaustion, fixation, fastness qualities, physical properties, and environmental implications when EtOH and water were present, while also examining the impact of alkoxides. Time-gated Raman spectra provide insights into the allomorphic forms of cellulose-II after the alkoxide pretreatment, which significantly influences the overall reactivity of cellulose fibers and their dye absorption capabilities. Notably, organic alkoxide pretreated dyeing demonstrated improved color strength, exhaustion, and fixation efficiency compared to Na2CO3 pretreatment, as one of the work’s key findings. For instance, the conventional dyed fabric exhibits 3.4 times lower color strength than alkoxide-based (RR239 + C2H5ONa 3 g/L + EtOH) dyeing, showing substantial potential for upscaling at commercial level as it requires no chemical auxiliaries (such as NaCl and Na2CO3). Importantly, the alkoxide pretreatment does not significantly alter the physical, mechanical and fastness properties of the fabrics, which are comparable to both the pristine and aqueous dyed fabrics, as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy experiments. The effluent’s color intensity resulting from dyeing with C2H5ONa + EtOH (3 g/L) is approximately 24 times lower (250 Pt/Co) in comparison to the aqueous dyeing using 40 g/L of NaCl and 20 g/L of Na2CO3 in an aqueous medium (6154 Pt/Co). Apart from the color intensity, alkoxide pretreatment and EtOH-based dyeing drastically reduce the COD, BOD, TDS, TSS and total hardness values, which could have cost-saving implications for wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs).
Fluorescence Studies on the Binding Affinity and Determination of Vitamin B12 in the Presence of Fibrinogen
Authors: Gökoğlu Elmas , Budun Seniye Şura , Doyuran Bensu , Taskin-Tok Tugba 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe binding properties between vitamin B12 (vitB12, cyanocobalamin) and fibrinogen (Fib) were investigated by UV-vis absorption and steady-state/three-dimentional (3D) fluorescence spectra techniques as well as molecular docking. The experimental results showed that the intrinsic fluorescence of Fib quenched by vitB12 with static mechanism to form a non-fluorescent complex. The positive signs of thermodynamic parameters, ΔH (92.18 kJ/mol) and ΔS (433.5 J/molK), indicated that the hydrophobic forces were dominant in the binding mode. The molecular docking data were found to be in agreement with these experimental results and were confirmed by three hydrophobic interactions between the Trp430, Try390 residues of Fib and the vitamin. 3D spectra showed that fibrinogen undergoes a conformation change when it interacts with vitB12. Based on non-radiative energy transfer theory, binding distance was calculated to be 3.94 nm between donor (tryptophan residues of Fib) and acceptor (vitB12). The limit of detection (LOD) of vitB12 was calculated as 2.08 µM in the presence of fibrinogen. The relative standard deviation (RSD) of method was 4.28% for determinations (n = 7) of a vitB12 solution with the concentration of 7.80 µM.
LaMMOn: language model combined graph neural network for multi-target multi-camera tracking in online scenarios
Authors: Nguyen Tuan T. , Nguyen Hoang H. , Sartipi Mina , Fisichella Marco 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMulti-target multi-camera tracking is crucial to intelligent transportation systems. Numerous recent studies have been undertaken to address this issue. Nevertheless, using the approaches in real-world situations is challenging due to the scarcity of publicly available data and the laborious process of manually annotating the new dataset and creating a tailored rule-based matching system for each camera scenario. To address this issue, we present a novel solution termed LaMMOn, an end-to-end transformer and graph neural network-based multi-camera tracking model. LaMMOn consists of three main modules: (1) Language Model Detection (LMD) for object detection; (2) Language and Graph Model Association module (LGMA) for object tracking and trajectory clustering; (3) Text-to-embedding module (T2E) that overcome the problem of data limitation by synthesizing the object embedding from defined texts. LaMMOn can be run online in real-time scenarios and achieve a competitive result on many datasets, e.g., CityFlow (HOTA 76.46%), I24 (HOTA 25.7%), and TrackCUIP (HOTA 80.94%) with an acceptable FPS (from 12.20 to 13.37) for an online application.
“I Heard of PrEP—I Didn’t Think I Needed it.” Understanding the Formation of HIV Risk Perception Among People Who Inject Drugs
Authors: Mars Sarah , Ondocsin Jeff , Koester Kimberly A. , Mars Valerie , Mars Gerald , Ciccarone Daniel 
Published: July 2024

AbstractUptake of pre-exposure prophylaxis medication (PrEP) to prevent HIV among people who inject drugs (PWID) remains extremely low in the United States. West Virginia’s rising HIV incidence and highest drug overdose rate in the nation makes it an important locus for opioid use and HIV risk interaction. In this pilot study we pioneered the use of Cultural Theory among PWID to understand HIV-related risk perception arising from four contrasting modes of social organization. Carried out during an HIV outbreak, we explored PrEP uptake qualitatively as a window onto risk perception. Of the 26 interviewees, 18 were HIV− and despite the medication’s free availability from the health center where recruitment took place, none had taken PrEP, half considering they were not at risk. Intimate couples who showed characteristics of ‘enclaves’ considered the boundary around themselves protective against HIV, creating a safe space or ‘invisible risk group’. Higher HIV risk was perceived among those who were housed compared to those living homeless. Beliefs about the causation of the local HIV outbreak and the validity of scientific research corresponded with characteristics of the contrasting modes of social organization and the approach is promising for informing public health interventions among PWID.
The impact of codeine rescheduling on non-opioid analgesic use by people who regularly use codeine: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Maher Jessie , McCoy Jacqui , Bruno Raimondo , Nielsen Suzanne 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Codeine was rescheduled in Australia to prescription only in February 2018. Initial studies reported an increase in population level paracetamol and ibuprofen sales following codeine upscheduling. However, to date no study has been able to investigate changes in non-opioid analgesic use at the individual patient level to determine if sales data reflect actual consumption patterns.

Aim
To address this gap, we aimed to determine the impact of codeine rescheduling on non-opioid analgesic use in people who regularly used over-the-counter codeine, primarily for pain, prior to the rescheduling change.

Method
We conducted a prospective cohort study with 260 participants who reported regular over-the-counter codeine consumption at cohort entry. Surveys were completed at baseline (November 2017, 3 months before rescheduling) and at 1 month (February 2018), 4 months (June 2018), and 12 months (February 2019), following rescheduling. The primary outcomes were mean daily doses of non-opioid analgesics, captured through a 7 day medication diary.

Results
The mean daily paracetamol dose decreased from 1754.4 mg (95% CI 1300.5–2208.3) at baseline to 1023.8 mg (95% CI 808.5–1239.1) at the final time-point (+ 12 months) (p = .009). The mean daily ibuprofen dose decreased from 305.1mg (95% CI 217.9–392.4) at baseline to 161.2 mg (95% CI 98.5–224.0) 12 months after rescheduling (p = .03). No significant change in doses of other medications remained was found.

Conclusion
In people who regularly consumed over-the-counter codeine, doses of non-opioid analgesics either reduced or remained stable following codeine rescheduling, suggesting concerns of medication substitution or overuse following the change were not realised.
The evolving role of pharmacists in depression care: a scoping review
Authors: Shalash Ala’ , Zolezzi Monica 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Worldwide, depression is known to contribute significantly to the global burden of disease. Considering pharmacists are among the most approachable healthcare providers, they are well-placed to assist people with depression achieve positive treatment outcomes.

Aim
The primary aim was to examine the evidence regarding pharmacists’ roles in interventions, outcomes, and barriers to implementation within depression care globally, with the secondary aim focusing on the Arab region.

Method
A scoping review was conducted according to the PRISMA-ScR extension guidelines and the Joanna Briggs Institute framework, using Scopus, Cochrane, ProQuest, and Medline databases for studies worldwide and within the Arab region (22 Arab-league countries). Article selection, along with data extraction, analysis, and narrative synthesis were performed independently by two reviewers. Discrepancies were resolved by consensus.

Results
Forty studies reporting various roles and services provided by pharmacists in depression management were included. Most articles (24) described studies on pharmacist-led specific/single interventions/management strategies, and 16 described studies in which pharmacists provided comprehensive or team-based services. The majority of studies reported positive impact on patient outcomes. In accordance with the secondary aim, only three studies assessed various pharmacists’ services for people with depression in the Arab region. Barriers to effective depression-related care included time constraints and training needs.

Conclusion
This scoping review supports the expanding role of pharmacists in depression management. The interventions, impact, challenges, and research gaps identified serve as preliminary evidence for advocating for an expanded pharmacists’ scope of practice in mental health, both globally and in the Arab region.
Emotion Regulation Difficulties and Smoking Behavior among Adults with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases
Authors: Schadegg Mary J. , Dixon Laura J. , Lee Aaron A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCOPD is one of the leading causes of death in the United States and results in increased healthcare costs and disability. Smoking is the main determinant of COPD development and continued use increases mortality as compared to those who have stopped smoking. Research has indicated that cigarette smoking may play a role in attempts to regulate distressing emotional experiences and thus, may be an important transdiagnostic process underlying continued smoking behavior among adults with COPD. The current study investigated the role of ER difficulties in relation to smoking status and cigarettes smoked per day among adults with COPD. This cross-sectional study included a sample was adults with COPD (N = 320). Participants self-reported current smoking status, daily smoking, and the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. All analyses were adjusted for age, sex, probable depression, probable anxiety, and dyspnea severity. DERS total scores were associated with greater odds of current smoking. With the exception of impulsivity, all other dimensions of emotion regulation were significantly associated with current smoking. Greater difficulties in emotional awareness were associated with greater cigarettes smoked per day. However, neither the DERS total score nor any other dimensions of emotional regulation were significantly associated with cigarettes smoked per day. The present study provides preliminary data linking ER difficulties to smoking behavior among adults with COPD. If corroborated by future research, these findings suggest that ER might be a potential target for smoking cessation programs among adults with COPD.
Effect of pyrite on the treatment of chlorophenolic compounds with zero-valent iron-Fenton process under uncontrolled pH conditions: reaction mechanism and biodegradability
Authors: Oral Ozlem , Kantar Cetin , Yildiz Ilker 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis current study explored the effect of pyrite on the treatment of chlorophenolic compounds (CP) by Fenton process with micron-sized zero-valent iron (ZVI) as the catalyst. The experiments were conducted in batch reactors with 100 mg L−1 CP, 0–0.02 M H2O2, and variable pyrite and ZVI doses (0–1 g L−1). Our findings show that while the reactor with 1 g L−1 ZVI as the only catalyst achieved only 10% CP removal efficiency due to rapid ZVI surface passivation and ZVI particle aggregation, the CP removal efficiency increased with increasing pyrite dose and reached 100% within couple of minutes in reactors with 0.8 g L−1 pyrite and 0.2 g L−1 ZVI. The CP removal was mainly driven by the oxidative treatment of CPs with some strong radicals such as hydroxyl radicals (•OH) while the adsorption onto the catalyst surface was only responsible for 10 to 25% of CP removals, depending on the type of CP studied. The positive impact of pyrite on CP removal by the ZVI/H2O2 system could be attributed to the ability of pyrite to (1) create an acidic environment for optimum Fenton process, (2) provide support material for ZVI to minimize ZVI particle agglomeration, and (3) stimulate iron redox cycling for improved surface site generation. Following oxidative Fenton treatment, the degradation intermediate products of CPs, including some aromatic compounds (benzoquinone, hydroquinone, etc.) and organic acids (e.g., acetic acid), became more biodegradable in comparison to their mother compounds. Overall, the treatment systems with a mixture of ZVI and pyrite as catalyst materials could offer a suitable cost-effective technology for the treatment of wastewater containing biologically non- or low-degradable toxic compounds such as chlorophenols.