bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elevated Expression of Hepatoma Up‐Regulated Protein Inhibits γ‐Irradiation‐Induced Apoptosis of Prostate Cancer Cells
Authors: Hassan Mohamed , El Khattouti Abdelouahid , Ejaeidi Ahmed , Ma Tangeng , Day William A. , Espinoza Ingrid , Vijayakumar Srinivasan , Gomez Christian R. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTDespite progression in diagnosis and treatment, prostate cancer (PCa) still represents the main cause of cancer‐related mortality and morbidity in men. Although radiation therapy offers clinical benefit over other therapeutic modalities, the success of this therapeutic modality is commonly hampered by the resistance of advanced tumors. So far, the mechanisms governing tumor resistance to radiotherapy are not discussed in detail. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that the resistance of PCa to radiation therapy is attributed to elevated expression of Hepatoma Up‐Regulated Protein (HURP). In PCa cells, the induction of HURP expression suppresses γ‐irradiation‐induced apoptosis. γ‐irradiation‐induced apoptosis of PCa cells is associated with expression of E2F1, p53, p21 proteins together with the phosphorylation of apoptosis signal‐regulating kinase1 (ASK1), c‐jun‐N‐terminal kinase (JNK) and Ataxia‐telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and histone family member X (H2AX). Whereas, the induction of HURP expression is able to suppress γ‐irradiation‐induced effects on E2F1, p53, p21, ATM, ASK1, JNK and ATM, and H2AX. Also, inhibition of γ‐irradiation‐induced‐ cytochrome c release, cleavage of caspase‐9, caspase‐3, PARP, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were noted in PCa cells induced for HURP expression. The observed radio‐resistance of PCa is thought to be the consequence of HURP‐mediated destabilization of p53 and ATM proteins that are essential for the modulation of γ‐irradiation‐induced apoptosis. Thus, based on our findings, PCa resistance to radiation therapy results from the deregulation of ASK1/ JNK; ATM/ H2AX; ATM/p53 and checkpoint kinase 2 (Chk2)/ E2F‐1 in response to the elevated expression of HURP. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 1308–1318, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Investigating lung responses with functional hyperpolarized xenon‐129 MRI in an ex vivo rat model of asthma
Authors: Lilburn David M.L. , Tatler Amanda L. , Six Joseph S. , Lesbats Clémentine , Habgood Anthony , Porte Joanne , Hughes‐Riley Theodore , Shaw Dominick E. , Jenkins Gisli , Meersmann Thomas 
Published: October 2015

PurposeAsthma is a disease of increasing worldwide importance that calls for new investigative methods. Ex vivo lung tissue is being increasingly used to study functional respiratory parameters independent of confounding systemic considerations but also to reduce animal numbers and associated research costs. In this work, a straightforward laboratory method is advanced to probe dynamic changes in gas inhalation patterns by using an ex vivo small animal ovalbumin (OVA) model of human asthma.MethodsHyperpolarized (hp) 129Xe was actively inhaled by the excised lungs exposed to a constant pressure differential that mimicked negative pleural cavity pressure. The method enabled hp 129Xe MRI of airway responsiveness to intravenous methacholine (MCh) and airway challenge reversal through salbutamol.ResultsSignificant differences were demonstrated between control and OVA challenged animals on global lung hp 129Xe gas inhalation with P < 0.05 at MCh dosages above 460 μg. Spatial mapping of the regional hp gas distribution revealed an approximately three‐fold increase in heterogeneity for the asthma model organs.ConclusionThe experimental results from this proof of concept work suggest that the ex vivo hp noble gas imaging arrangement and the applied image analysis methodology may be useful as an adjunct to current diagnostic techniques. Magn Reson Med 76:1224–1235, 2016. © 2015 The Authors. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Bloch‐Siegert ‐mapping for human cardiac 31P‐MRS at 7 Tesla
Authors: Clarke William T. , Robson Matthew D. , Rodgers Christopher T. 
Published: October 2015

PurposePhosphorus MR spectroscopy (31P‐MRS) is a powerful tool for investigating tissue energetics in vivo. Cardiac 31P‐MRS is typically performed using surface coils that create an inhomogeneous excitation field across the myocardium. Accurate measurements of
(and hence flip angle) are necessary for quantitative analysis of 31P‐MR spectra. We demonstrate a Bloch‐Siegert
‐mapping method for this purpose.Theory and MethodsWe compare acquisition strategies for Bloch‐Siegert
‐mapping when there are several spectral peaks. We optimize a Bloch‐Siegert sensitizing (Fermi) pulse for cardiac 31P‐MRS at 7 Tesla (T) and apply it in a three‐dimensional (3D) chemical shift imaging sequence. We validate this in phantoms and skeletal muscle (against a dual‐TR method) and present the first cardiac 31P
‐maps at 7T.ResultsThe Bloch‐Siegert method correlates strongly (Pearson's r = 0.90 and 0.84) and has bias <25 Hz compared with a multi‐TR method in phantoms and dual‐TR method in muscle. Cardiac 3D
‐maps were measured in five normal volunteers.
maps based on phosphocreatine and alpha‐adenosine‐triphosphate correlated strongly (r = 0.62), confirming that the method is T1 insensitive.ConclusionThe 3D 31P Bloch‐Siegert
‐mapping is consistent with reference methods in phantoms and skeletal muscle. It is the first method appropriate for 31P
‐mapping in the human heart at 7T. Magn Reson Med 76:1047–1058, 2016. © 2015 The Authors. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Free‐breathing variable flip angle balanced SSFP cardiac cine imaging with reduced SAR at 3T
Authors: Srinivasan Subashini , Kroeker Randall M. , Gabriel Simon , Plotnik Adam , Godinez Sergio R. , Hu Peng , Halnon Nancy , Finn J. Paul , Ennis Daniel B. 
Published: October 2015

PurposeTo develop a free‐breathing variable flip angle (VFA) balanced steady‐state free precession (bSSFP) cardiac cine imaging technique with reduced specific absorption rate (SAR) at 3 Tesla.MethodsFree‐breathing VFA (FB‐VFA) images in the short‐axis and four‐chamber views were acquired using an optimal VFA scheme, then compared with conventional breath‐hold constant flip angle (BH‐CFA) acquisitions. Two cardiac MRI experts used a 5‐point scale to score images from healthy subjects (N = 10). The left ventricular ejection fraction, end diastolic volume (LVEDV), end systolic volume, stroke volume (LVSV), and end diastolic myocardial mass (LVEDM) were determined by manual contour analysis for BH‐CFA and FB‐VFA. A pilot evaluation of FB‐VFA was performed in one patient with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.ResultsFB‐VFA SAR was 25% lower than BH‐CFA with similar blood–myocardium contrast. The qualitative FB‐VFA score was lower than the BH‐CFA for the short‐axis (3.1 ± 0.5 versus 4.3 ± 0.8; P < 0.05) and the four‐chamber view (3.4 ± 0.4 versus 4.6 ± 0.6; P < 0.05). The LVEDV and the LVSV were 5% and 12% larger (P < 0.05) for FB‐VFA compared with BH‐CFA. There was no difference in LVEDM.ConclusionFB‐VFA bSSFP cardiac cine imaging decreased the SAR at 3T with image quality sufficient to perform cardiac functional analysis. Magn Reson Med 76:1210–1216, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Array‐compressed parallel transmit pulse design
Authors: Cao Zhipeng , Yan Xinqiang , Grissom William A. 
Published: October 2015

PurposeTo design array‐compressed parallel transmit radiofrequency (RF) pulses and compare them to pulses designed with existing transmit array compression strategies.Theory and MethodsArray‐compressed parallel RF pulse design is proposed as the joint optimization of a matrix of complex‐valued compression weights that relate a full‐channel physical array to a reduced‐channel virtual array, along with a set of RF pulses for the virtual array. In this way, the physics of the RF pulse application determine the coil combination weights. Array‐compressed pulse design algorithms are described for four parallel transmit applications: accelerated two‐dimensional spiral excitation, multislice RF shimming, small‐tip‐angle kT‐points excitation, and slice‐selective spokes refocusing. Array‐compressed designs are compared in simulations and an experiment to pulses designed using four existing array compression strategies.ResultsIn all cases, array‐compressed pulses achieved the lowest root‐mean‐square excitation error among the array compression approaches. Low errors were generally achieved without increasing root‐mean‐square RF amplitudes or maximum local 10‐gram specific absorption rate. Leave‐one‐out multisubject shimming simulations demonstrated that array‐compressed RF shimming can identify useful fixed coil combination weights that perform well across a population.ConclusionArray‐compressed pulse design jointly identifies the transmit coil array compression weights and RF pulses that perform best for a specific parallel excitation application. Magn Reson Med 76:1158–1169, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Capillary zone electrophoresis for bottom‐up analysis of complex proteomes
Authors: Sun Liangliang , Zhu Guijie , Yan Xiaojing , Zhang Zhenbin , Wojcik Roza , Champion Matthew M. , Dovichi Norman J. 
Published: October 2015

Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) is emerging as a useful tool in proteomic analysis. Interest arises from dramatic improvements in performance that result from improvements in the background electrolyte used for the separation, the incorporation of advanced sample injection methods, the development of robust and sensitive electrospray interfaces, and the coupling with Orbitrap mass spectrometers with high resolution and sensitivity. The combination of these technologies produces performance that is rapidly approaching the performance of UPLC‐based methods for microgram samples and exceeds the performance of UPLC‐based methods for mid‐ to low nanogram samples. These systems now produce over 10 000 peptide IDs in a single 100‐min analysis of the HeLa proteome.
Twisted olefinic building blocks for low bandgap polymers in solar cells and ambipolar field‐effect transistors
Authors: Chiu Chien‐Yang , Wang Hengbin , Phan Hung , Shiratori Kazuya , Nguyen Thuc‐Quyen , Hawker Craig J. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTA series of polymers based on 8,8′‐biindeno[2,1‐b]thiophenylidene for use in photovoltaic devices and field‐effect transistors are reported. These structurally twisted olefins are effective building blocks for preparation of low bandgap polymers with optical bandgaps of 1.2–1.5 eV. Device performance, such as Voc and Jsc, in solar cell devices could be successfully modulated by incorporation of a variety of comonomers. Ambipolar properties in field‐effect transistors using Au electrodes were also studied, with PtBTPDPP exhibiting balanced charge transport properties with hole and electron mobilities of 0.09 and 0.12 cm2·V−1·s−1, respectively. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 889–899
Theory of optical properties of graphene quantum dots
Authors: Ozfidan Isil , Güçlü A. D. , Korkusinski Marek , Hawrylak Pawel 
Published: October 2015

magnified imageWe present here a theory of the optical properties of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) with tunable band gaps by lateral size confinement, from UV to THz. Starting from the Hartree–Fock ground state, we construct the correlated many‐body ground and excited states of GQDs as a linear combination of a finite number of electron–hole pair excitations. We discuss the evolution of the band gap with size and its renormalization by self‐energy and excitonic effects. We calculate and analyze the dipole moments of graphene quantum dots that possess a degenerate valence and conduction band edge, and construct a characteristic exciton and biexciton spectrum. We find an exciton band consisting of a pair of robust, spin singlet bright exciton states and a band of dark, spin singlet and spin triplet, exciton states at lower energies. We predict a characteristic band of biexciton levels at the band edge, discuss the Auger processes and identify a biexciton–exciton cascade. Our theoretical results are compared with experimental linear absorption and non‐linear transient absorption spectra of colloidal GQDs. We next discuss the optical properties of triangular GQDs with zigzag edges whose magnetic moment can be controlled by gates. The control over the magnetic moment through carrier density manipulation results in optical spin blockade and gate tunable optical properties over a wide range of photon energies. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The moderating effects of coping and self-esteem on the relationship between defeat, entrapment and suicidality in a sample of prisoners at high risk of suicide
Authors: Gooding P. , Tarrier N. , Dunn G. , Shaw J. , Awenat Y. , Ulph F. , Pratt D. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundResearch is sparse which examines pathways to suicide, and resilience to suicide, in people who are particularly vulnerable to suicide, for example, prison inmates. The purpose of this study was to examine the ways in which perceptions of self-esteem and coping ability interacted with defeat and entrapment to both amplify suicidal thoughts and feelings, and to act as a buffer against suicidal thoughts and feelings.MethodsParticipants were 65 male prisoners at high risk of suicide. A cross-sectional questionnaire design was used. Questionnaire measures of depression, defeat, entrapment, self-esteem, coping ability and suicidal probability were administered.ResultsFor the hopelessness component of the suicide probability measure, high levels of coping ability together with low levels of defeat resulted in the lowest levels of suicidality indicative of a resilience factor. In contrast, low levels of coping skills together with high levels of entrapment were a high risk factor for this hopelessness component of suicide. This pattern of results pertained when controlling for depression levels.ConclusionsThis is the first study to examine interactions between defeat, entrapment and appraisals of self-esteem and coping ability. Therapeutic interventions would benefit from boosting perceptions and appraisals of coping ability, in particular, in people who are at high risk for suicide.
Patterns of long-term and short-term responses in adult patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in a completer cohort of 12 weeks or more with atomoxetine
Authors: Sobanski E. , Leppämäki S. , Bushe C. , Berggren L. , Casillas M. , Deberdt W. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundAtomoxetine is a well-established pharmacotherapy for adult ADHD. Long-term studies show incremental reductions in symptoms over time. However, clinical experience suggests that patients differ in their response patterns.MethodsFrom 13 Eli Lilly-sponsored studies, we pooled and analyzed data for adults with ADHD whocompletedatomoxetine treatment at long-term (24 weeks;n= 1443) and/or short-term (12 weeks;n= 2830) time-points, and had CAARS-Inv:SV total and CGI-S data up to or after these time-points and at Week 0 (i.e. at baseline, when patients first received atomoxetine). The goal was to identify and describe distinct trajectories of response to atomoxetine using hierarchical clustering methods and linear mixed modelling.ResultsBased on the homogeneity of changes in CAARS-Inv:SV total scores, 5 response clusters were identified for patients who completed long-term (24 weeks) treatment with atomoxetine, and 4 clusters were identified for patients who completed short-term (12 weeks) treatment. Four of the 5 long-term clusters (comprising 95% of completer patients) showed positive trajectories: 2 faster responding clusters (L1 and L2), and 2 more gradually responding clusters (L3 and L4). Responses (i.e. ≥ 30% reduction in CAARS-Inv:SV total score, and CGI-S score ≤ 3) were observed at 8 and 24 weeks in 80% and 95% of completers in Cluster L1, versus 5% and 48% in Cluster L4.ConclusionsWhile many adults with ADHD responded relatively rapidly to atomoxetine, others responded more gradually without a clear plateau at 24 weeks. Longer-term treatment may be associated with greater numbers of responders.
Financial constraints, board governance standards, and corporate cash holdings
Authors: Lee Choonsik , Park Heungju 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis study examines whether financial constraints and board governance play substitution roles in lowering agency concerns in corporate cash holdings. Using four firm‐specific characteristics of financial constraints and 28 forward‐looking board governance standards, we find that board governance mitigates agency concerns in cash holdings more significantly for financially less‐constrained firms. Consistently, financially less‐constrained firms increase the level of board governance and adopt more board governance standards. A natural experiment with the 2007 financial crisis provides robustness to our findings. Our evidence suggests that financial constraints interrelate with the effectiveness of board governance on corporate cash holdings.
California Sea Lion (Zalophus californianus) and Harbor Seal (Phoca vitulina richardii) Bites and Contact Abrasions in Open-Water Swimmers: A Series of 11 Cases
Authors: Nuckton Thomas J. , Simeone Claire A. , Phelps Roger T. 
Published: October 2015

Objective To review cases of bites and contact abrasions in open-water swimmers from California sea lions ( Zalophus californianus) and harbor seals ( Phoca vitulina richardii). Methods Open-water swimmers from a San Francisco swimming club were questioned about encounters with pinnipeds (seals and sea lions) that resulted in bites or contact abrasions. When possible, wounds were documented with photographs. Medical follow-up and treatment complications were also reviewed. Results From October 2011 to December 2014, 11 swimmers reported bites by a sea lion (n = 1), harbor seal (n = 7), or unidentified pinniped (n = 3). Ten of the encounters occurred in San Francisco Bay; 1 occurred in the Eld Inlet, in Puget Sound, near Olympia, WA. None of the swimmers were wearing wetsuits. All bites involved the lower extremities; skin was broken in 4 of 11 bites and antibiotics were prescribed in 3 cases. One swimmer, who was bitten by a harbor seal, also had claw scratches. A treatment failure occurred with amoxicillin/clavulanate in another swimmer who was bitten by an unidentified pinniped; the wound healed subsequently with doxycycline, suggesting an infection with Mycoplasma spp. There were no long-lasting consequences from any of the bites. The majority of cases occurred at low tide, and bumping of the swimmer by the animal before or after a bite was common, but no clear tide or attack pattern was identified. Conclusions Bites and contact abrasions from sea lions and harbor seals are reported infrequently in open-water swimmers and typically involve the lower extremities. Because of the risk of Mycoplasma infection, treatment with a tetracycline is recommended in pinniped bites with signs of infection or serious trauma. Attempting to touch or pet sea lions or seals is inadvisable and prohibited by the Marine Mammal Protection Act. Swimmers should leave the water as soon as possible after a bite or encounter.
DOES RURAL-TO-URBAN MIGRATION PLACE ADOLESCENTS AT RISK OF DELETERIOUS SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH OUTCOMES? EVIDENCE FROM HAITI
Authors: Heckert Jessica 
Published: October 2015

SummaryThis study examines the links between migration and sexual and reproductive health among rural-to-urban migrant youth in Haiti. It evaluates behavioural, knowledge and attitudinal components from the perspective of three competing explanations for migrants’ behaviours: adaptation, disruption and selection. Discrete-time event history analysis is employed to compare these hypotheses using Haiti Demographic and Health Survey data (N=1215 adolescent girls,N=829 adolescent boys). Multi-level models are used to compare changes in knowledge and attitudes in individuals using data from the Haiti Youth Transitions Study (N=223). The findings reveal that disruption is the most plausible explanation for the timing of migration and first sex among girls. However, contrary to the assumption that migrant youth risk experiencing first sex earlier, girls are less likely to experience first sex near the time they migrate, and rural-to-urban migrant boys may experience first sex at later ages. The high aspirations of migrant youth provide a likely explanation for these findings. Furthermore, male migrants accumulate less protective knowledge, which is consistent with the disruption hypothesis, and migrants endorse premarital sex similarly to non-migrants. Sexual and reproductive health curricula should be adapted to the unique needs of migrant youth, and youth should be targeted before they migrate.
Monitoring local well-being in environmental interventions: a consideration of practical trade-offs
Authors: Palmer Fry B. , Agarwala M. , Atkinson G. , Clements T. , Homewood K. , Mourato S. , Rowcliffe J.M. , Wallace G. , Milner-Gulland E.J. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWithin the field of environmental management and conservation, the concept of well-being is starting to gain traction in monitoring the socio-economic and cultural impact of interventions on local people. Here we consider the practical trade-offs policy makers and practitioners must navigate when utilizing the concept of well-being in environmental interventions. We first review current concepts of well-being before considering the need to balance the complexity and practical applicability of the definition used and to consider both positive and negative components of well-being. A key determinant of how well-being is operationalized is the identity of the organization wishing to monitor it. We describe the trade-offs around the external and internal validity of different approaches to measuring well-being and the relative contributions of qualitative and quantitative information to understanding well-being. We explore how these trade-offs may be decided as a result of a power struggle between stakeholders. Well-being is a complex, multi-dimensional, dynamic concept that cannot be easily defined and measured. Local perspectives are often missed during the project design process as a result of the more powerful voices of national governments and international NGOs, so for equity and local relevance it is important to ensure these perspectives are represented at a high level in project design and implementation.
Hollywood in China: How American Popular Culture Shapes Chinese Views of the “Beautiful Imperialist” – An Experimental Analysis
Authors: Gries Peter , Sanders Matthew A. , Stroup David R. , Cai Huajian 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWhile most mainland Chinese today have extremely few direct contacts with either America or Americans, their indirect contacts with both, via globalized American popular culture, are increasing rapidly. Do daily parasocial contacts with American celebrities shape Chinese views of America? Based on two experimental studies, this paper argues that even indirect, subconscious exposure to American celebrities via popular magazine covers shapes Chinese views of America. However, the impact of that exposure depends upon both the specific nature of the bicultural exposure and the psychological predispositions of the Chinese involved. Not all Chinese are alike, and their personality differences shape whether they experience American popular culture as enriching or threatening, leading to integrative and exclusionary reactions, respectively.