bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Data Extraction and Longitudinal Trend Analysis Network Study of Distributed Automated Postmarket Cardiovascular Device Safety Surveillance
Authors: Kumar Amit , Matheny Michael E. , Ho Kalon K.L. , Yeh Robert W. , Piemonte Thomas C. , Waldman Howard , Shah Pinak B. , Cope Richard , Normand Sharon-Lise T. , Donnelly Sharon , Robbins Susan , Resnic Frederic S. 
Published: December 2014

Background—
Current approaches for postmarket medical device safety surveillance are limited in their ability to produce timely and accurate assessments of adverse event rates.

Methods and Results—

The Data Extraction and Longitudinal Trend Analysis (DELTA) network study was a multicenter prospective observational study designed to evaluate the safety of devices used during percutaneous coronary interventions. All adult patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention from January 2008 to December 2012 at 5 participating Massachusetts sites were included. A safety alert was triggered if the cumulative observed adverse event rates for the study device exceeded the upper 95% confidence interval of the event rates of propensity-matched control cohort. Prespecified sensitivity analyses were developed to validate any identified safety signal. A total of 23 805 consecutive percutaneous coronary intervention procedures were evaluated. Two of 24 safety analyses triggered safety alerts. Patients receiving Perclose vascular closure device experienced an increased risk of minor vascular complications (relative risk, 4.14;
P
<0.01) and any vascular complication (relative risk, 2.06;
P
=0.01) when compared with propensity-matched patients receiving alternative vascular closure device, a result primarily driven by relatively high event rates at 1 participating center. Sensitivity analyses based on alternative risk adjustment methods confirmed a pattern of increased rate of complications at 1 of the 5 participating sites in their use of Perclose vascular closure device.

Conclusions—
The DELTA network study demonstrates that distributed automated prospective safety surveillance has the potential of providing near real-time assessment of safety risks of newly approved medical devices.
Saying and Doing
Authors: Bessant Judith , Broadley Karen 
Published: December 2014

Modern policy-making communities repeatedly proclaim the idea and value of participation and ‘listening to children and young people’. We note the growing official recognition of children and young people’s right to participation in policies relating to child protection and out-of-home care. Indeed, taking their views into account is mandated in many countries with domestic and international legal requirements accompanying the policy commitments to its value.
In this article we explore the disparity or tensions between the ‘espoused theory’ and the ‘theory-in-use’ within child protection. We observe a gap between what policy-makers and practitioners say is the practice and what is actually done, and consider whether there is an effective commitment to the participation of children in child protection. While we rely primarily on Australian and English material, we suggest the arguments and findings presented here have a general international relevance.
Challenges Associated with Adaptation to Future Urban Expansion
Authors: Georgescu M. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The most populated state in the United States, California, is projected to add millions of new inhabitants through the end of the current century, requiring considerable landscape conversion to the built environment. A suite of continuous multiyear, medium-range resolution (20-km grid spacing), ensemble-based simulations is examined to assess urban expansion climate effects on California in 2100, and potential strategies to alleviate them. Summertime [June–August (JJA)] warming due to urban expansion of 1°–2°C is greater relative to any other season, and is completely offset by a range of adaptation strategies: green roofs (highly transpiring), cool roofs (highly reflective), and hybrid roofs (with combined biophysical properties of green and cool roofs). After offsetting of urban-induced warming, cool and hybrid roofs lead to a further 1°–2°C reduction in JJA 2-m temperature, highlighting enhanced efficacy of these adaptation strategies. Guided by medium-range-resolution results, additional high-resolution (2-km grid spacing) experiments are conducted for a subset of the JJA periods conducted on a coarser scale. Urban-induced 1°–2°C warming (local maximum warming exceeds 4°C) is simulated, and is offset by cool and green roof deployment. In agreement with coarser-resolution results, maximum near-surface cooling is greater for cool roofs relative to green roofs. Reduced daytime warming associated with both cool and green roofs also modifies the convective mixed layer, reducing turbulent kinetic energy and planetary boundary layer height, although this impact is less for green roofs than for cool roofs. The results presented here demonstrate the importance of future urban expansion in California and illustrate climatic consequences with implications for regional air quality.
The Convolution of Dynamics and Moisture with the Presence of Shortwave Absorbing Aerosols over the Southeast Atlantic
Authors: Adebiyi Adeyemi A. , Zuidema Paquita , Abel Steven J. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Biomass burning aerosols seasonally overlie the subtropical southeast Atlantic stratocumulus deck. Previous modeling and observational studies have postulated a semidirect effect whereby shortwave absorption by the aerosol warms and stabilizes the lower troposphere, thickening the low-level clouds. The focus herein is on the dynamical and moisture effects that may be convoluted with the semidirect effect. Almost-daily radiosonde data from remote St. Helena Island (15.9°S, 5.6°W), covering September–October 2000–11, are combined with daily spatial averages (encompassing the island) of the MODIS clear-sky fine-mode aerosol optical depth (). Increases in are associated with increases in 750–500-hPa moisture content. The net maximum longwave cooling by moisture of almost 0.45 K day−1 reduces the aerosol layer warming from shortwave absorption. ERA-Interim spatial composites show that polluted conditions are associated with a strengthening of a deep land-based anticyclone over southern Africa, facilitating the westward offshore transport of both smoke and moisture at 600 hPa. The shallower surface-based South Atlantic anticyclone exhibits a less pronounced shift to the northeast, strengthening the low-level coastal jet exiting into the stratocumulus deck and cooling 1000-hPa potential temperatures. Warm continental outflow further increases the 800-hPa potential temperatures (), reinforcing the lower tropospheric stability () over the stratocumulus deck. Enhanced southerly dry air advection also strengthens the cloud-top humidity inversion. The increased stability helps explain an observed decrease in cloud-top heights despite an anomalous reduction in subsidence. The changes to the horizontal dynamics enhance low-level cloudiness. These are separate but not necessarily distinct from an aerosol semidirect effect, encouraging care in attribution studies.
Dynamical Precipitation Downscaling for Hydrologic Applications Using WRF 4D-Var Data Assimilation: Implications for GPM Era
Authors: Lin Liao-Fan , Ebtehaj Ardeshir M. , Bras Rafael L. , Flores Alejandro N. , Wang Jingfeng 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The objective of this study is to develop a framework for dynamically downscaling spaceborne precipitation products using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model with four-dimensional variational data assimilation (4D-Var). Numerical experiments have been conducted to 1) understand the sensitivity of precipitation downscaling through point-scale precipitation data assimilation and 2) investigate the impact of seasonality and associated changes in precipitation-generating mechanisms on the quality of spatiotemporal downscaling of precipitation. The point-scale experiment suggests that assimilating precipitation can significantly affect the precipitation analysis, forecast, and downscaling. Because of occasional overestimation or underestimation of small-scale summertime precipitation extremes, the numerical experiments presented here demonstrate that the wintertime assimilation produces downscaled precipitation estimates that are in closer agreement with the reference National Centers for Environmental Prediction stage IV dataset than similar summertime experiments. This study concludes that the WRF 4D-Var system is able to effectively downscale a 6-h precipitation product with a spatial resolution of 20 km to hourly precipitation with a spatial resolution of less than 10 km in grid spacing—relevant to finescale hydrologic applications for the era of the Global Precipitation Measurement mission.
Assimilation of Freeze–Thaw Observations into the NASA Catchment Land Surface Model
Authors: Farhadi Leila , Reichle Rolf H. , De Lannoy Gabriëlle J. M. , Kimball John S. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The land surface freeze–thaw (F/T) state plays a key role in the hydrological and carbon cycles and thus affects water and energy exchanges and vegetation productivity at the land surface. In this study, an F/T assimilation algorithm was developed for the NASA Goddard Earth Observing System, version 5 (GEOS-5), modeling and assimilation framework. The algorithm includes a newly developed observation operator that diagnoses the landscape F/T state in the GEOS-5 Catchment land surface model. The F/T analysis is a rule-based approach that adjusts Catchment model state variables in response to binary F/T observations, while also considering forecast and observation errors. A regional observing system simulation experiment was conducted using synthetically generated F/T observations. The assimilation of perfect (error free) F/T observations reduced the root-mean-square errors (RMSEs) of surface temperature and soil temperature by 0.206° and 0.061°C, respectively, when compared to model estimates (equivalent to a relative RMSE reduction of 6.7% and 3.1%, respectively). For a maximum classification error CEmax of 10% in the synthetic F/T observations, the F/T assimilation reduced the RMSE of surface temperature and soil temperature by 0.178° and 0.036°C, respectively. For CEmax = 20%, the F/T assimilation still reduces the RMSE of model surface temperature estimates by 0.149°C but yields no improvement over the model soil temperature estimates. The F/T assimilation scheme is being developed to exploit planned F/T products from the NASA Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission.
Improving access to primary mental healthcare for Indigenous Australians
Authors: Reifels Lennart , Bassilios Bridget , Nicholas Angela , Fletcher Justine , King Kylie , Ewen Shaun , Pirkis Jane 
Published: December 2014

Objective: To examine the uptake, population reach and outcomes of primary mental healthcare services provided to Indigenous Australians via the Access to Allied Psychological Services (ATAPS) program between 2003 and 2013, with particular reference to enhanced Indigenous ATAPS services introduced from 2010. Method: Utilising ATAPS program data from a national minimum data set and comparative population data, we conducted descriptive analyses, regression analyses and t-tests to examine the uptake of ATAPS services, provider agency level predictors of service reach, and preliminary outcome data on consumer level outcomes. Results: Between 2003 and 2013, 15,450 Indigenous client referrals were made that resulted in 55,134 ATAPS sessions. National Indigenous service volume more than doubled between 2010 and 2012, following the introduction of enhanced Indigenous ATAPS services. Non-Indigenous ATAPS service volume of primary care agencies was uniquely predictive of Indigenous service reach. Preliminary analysis of limited consumer outcome data indicated positive treatment gains and the need to enhance future outcome data collection. Conclusions: Concerted national efforts to enhance mainstream primary mental healthcare programs can result in significant gains in access to mental healthcare for Indigenous populations.
The effect of a structured model for stroke rehabilitation multi-disciplinary team meetings on functional recovery and productivity: a Phase I/II proof of concept study
Authors: Tyson Sarah F , Burton Louisa , McGovern Alison 
Published: December 2014

Objective: Regular multidisciplinary team meetings are the main way that teams operate, yet our earlier research found they can sometimes be suboptimal. We developed a model to structure multidisciplinary team meetings and assessed the feasibility, acceptability and impact of its implementation on meeting quality and patient outcomes. Design: Longitudinal cohort design with non-participant observation of multidisciplinary team meetings before and after implementation of the intervention. Setting: Inpatient stroke rehabilitation units. Subjects: Members of the multidisciplinary inpatient stroke rehabilitation teams. Intervention: A model to structure multidisciplinary team meetings. Main measures: Quality of multidisciplinary team meetings (using a predefined checklist); change in independence (Barthel Index) during admission; length of stay; meeting duration and the number of patients discussed. Results: At baseline, meeting quality was generally low. Following implementation, all aspects of meeting quality improved by 5%–58%. This was achieved without loss of staff productivity or additional resources: The mean number of patients treated during the observation periods was 36 (SD 17.6), which was unchanged after implementation. Nor were there any significant changes in the length of meetings (mean = 76 minutes), time spent discussing each patient (5.4 vs. 7 minutes) or length of stay (26.7 vs. 30.3 days), but there was a greater increase in Barthel Index score after implementation (3.8 vs. 4.7) indicating greater functional recovery. Conclusions: A feasible and acceptable model to structure multidisciplinary stroke team meetings has been developed and implemented. This increased meeting quality without increase in resources and may increase patient recovery.
Radiological–pathological correlation of yolk sac tumor in 20 patients
Authors: Li YangKang , Zheng Yu , Lin JianBang , Xu GuiXiao , Cai AiQun , Chen RuoWei , Wu MingYao 
Published: December 2014

Background Yolk sac tumor (YST) is a rare tumor. Familiarity of its radiological characteristics may permit preoperative diagnosis and improve surgical management of patients. However, a detailed description of the imaging features of YST with pathological correlation in particular is scarce. Purpose To investigate computed tomography (CT) findings of YSTs with pathological correlation. Material and Methods CT images of 20 patients with pathologically proven YST were retrospectively reviewed. The location, size, margin, internal architecture, and pattern and degree enhancement of the lesion were evaluated. Radiological findings were correlated with pathological results. Results The locations of 20 tumors were distributed between the testis ( n = 3), ovary ( n = 6), sacrococcygeal area ( n = 6), rectum ( n = 1), and mediastinum ( n = 4). The median age was 13 years. On CT images, all tumors were seen as oval ( n = 14) or irregular ( n = 6), well-defined ( n = 16) or ill-defined ( n = 4) masses with a mean size of 9.7 cm. The lesions were solid cystic ( n = 10), entirely solid ( n = 6), or predominantly cystic ( n = 4). Intratumoral hemorrhage, calcification, and fatty tissue were seen in nine, three, and two tumors, respectively. Discontinuity of the tumor wall was seen in eight tumors. After contrast media administration, most tumors showed heterogeneous moderate to marked enhancement ( n = 7) or heterogeneous marked enhancement ( n = 9). Enlarged intratumoral vessels were seen in 17 tumors. Conclusion YST usually appears as a large solid-cystic mass with intratumoral hemorrhage, capsular tear, marked heterogeneous enhancement, and enlarged intratumoral vessels on CT images. Intratumoral calcification and fatty tissue, although rare, may indicate a mixed YST containing teratoma component.
Reduced CSF hypocretin-1 levels are associated with cluster headache
Authors: Barloese Mads , Jennum Poul , Lund Nunu , Knudsen Stine , Gammeltoft Steen , Jensen Rigmor 
Published: December 2014

Background Cluster headache (CH) is a debilitating disorder characterized by unilateral, severe pain attacks with accompanying autonomic symptoms, often waking the patient from sleep. As it exhibits strong chronobiological traits and genetic studies have suggested a link with the hypocretin (HCRT) system, the objective of this study was to investigate HCRT-1 in CH patients. Methods Cerebrospinal fluid HCRT-1 concentration was measured in 12 chronic and 14 episodic CH patients during an active bout, and in 27 healthy controls. The patients were well characterized and clinical features compared to the HCRT concentration. Results We found significantly lower HCRT levels both in chronic ( p = 0.0221) and episodic CH ( p = 0.0005) patients compared with controls. No significant relationship was found with other clinical features. Conclusions This is the first report of significantly reduced HCRT concentrations in CH patients. We speculate that decreased HCRT may reflect insufficient antinociceptive activity of the hypothalamus. The mechanism of the antinociceptive effect of HCRT is not known and requires further investigation. This study supports the hypothesis of a connection between arousal regulation and CH.
Subclinical right ventricle systolic dysfunction in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus: insights from two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography
Authors: Leal G N , Silva K F , França C M P , Lianza A C , Andrade J L , Campos L M A , Bonfá E , Silva C A 
Published: December 2014

Objective The objective of this article is to evaluate right ventricle strain imaging by two-dimensional speckle-tracking (2DST) in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (c-SLE). Methods Thirty-five c-SLE patients with no signs or symptoms of heart failure and 33 healthy volunteers were evaluated by standard echocardiogram and 2DST. Conventional parameters included tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), RV tissue-Doppler-derived Tei index and systolic pulmonary artery pressure. Global peak longitudinal systolic strain (PLSS) and strain rate (PLSSR) of RV were obtained by 2DST. Demographic/clinical features, SLEDAI-2K/SLICC/ACR-DI and treatment were also assessed. Results The median current age was similar in patients and controls (14.75 vs. 14.88 years, p = 0.62). RV PLSS was significantly reduced in c-SLE (−24.5 ± 5.09 vs. −27.62 ± 3.02%, p = 0.003). Similar findings were observed after excluding patients with pulmonary hypertension (−24.62 ± 4.87% vs. −27.62 ± 3.02%, p = 0.0041). RV PLSS was positively correlated with TAPSE ( r = +0.49, p = 0.0027) and negatively correlated with Tei index ( r = −0.34, p = 0.04) in c-SLE. RV PLSSR was not different comparing patients and controls (−0.65 s−1 ± 0.47 vs. −1.87 ± 0.49 s−1, p = 0.07). Further analysis of c-SLE patients revealed higher frequencies of neuropsychiatric manifestations (39% vs. 0%, p = 0.007) and antiphospholipid antibodies (55% vs. 18%, p = 0.035) in those with RV PLSS ≤ −23.7% vs >−23.7%. No differences were evidenced in demographic data, disease activity/damage or treatments ( p > 0.05). Conclusions The present study, using a new and more sensitive technique, revealed subclinical RV systolic dysfunction in c-SLE patients that may have future prognostic implications. The novel association of asymptomatic RV dysfunction with neuropsychiatric manifestations and antiphospholipid antibodies may suggest common physiopathological pathways.
Decline in breast cancer mortality: How much is attributable to screening?
Authors: Njor Sisse Helle , Schwartz Walter , Blichert-Toft Mogens , Lynge Elsebeth 
Published: December 2014

Objectives When estimating the decline in breast cancer mortality attributable to screening, the challenge is to provide valid comparison groups and to distinguish the screening effect from other effects. In Funen, Denmark, multidisciplinary breast cancer management teams started before screening was introduced; both activities came later in the rest of Denmark. Because Denmark had national protocols for breast cancer treatment, but hardly any opportunistic screening, Funen formed a “natural experiment”, providing valid comparison groups and enabling the separation of the effect of screening from other factors. Methods Using Poisson regression we compared the observed breast cancer mortality rate in Funen after implementation of screening with the expected rate without screening. The latter was estimated from breast cancer mortality in the rest of Denmark controlled for historical differences between Funen/rest of Denmark. As multidisciplinary teams were introduced gradually in the rest of Denmark from 1994, the screening effect was slightly underestimated. Results Over 14 years, women targeted by screening in Funen experienced a 22% (95% confidence interval 11%–32%) reduction in breast cancer mortality associated with screening (a reduction in breast cancer mortality rate from 61 to 47 per 100,000). The estimated reduction for participants corrected for selection bias was 28% (13%–41%). Excluding deaths in breast cancer cases diagnosed after end of screening, these numbers became 26% and 31%, respectively. Conclusions There is additional benefit in reducing breast cancer mortality from the early detection of breast cancer through mammographic screening over and above the benefits arising from improvements in treatment alone.
Autologous platelet-rich plasma in treatment of chronic venous leg ulcers: A prospective case series
Authors: Yilmaz Seyhan , Aksoy Eray , Doganci Suat , Yalcinkaya Adnan , Diken Adem I , Cagli Kerim 
Published: December 2014

Study We report our results on a case series of 19 patients receiving platelet-rich plasma application in treatment of patients with chronic unhealing venous leg ulcers. Material and methods There were 16 males and three females with a mean age of 38.55 ± 16.46 years. Planimetric size measurements were performed and pain was tested throughout the treatment period. Follow-up was made in seven-day periods. Patients received 5 ml of platelet-rich plasma for each 5 cm2 of the wound surface with half of the amount being injected 1–2 mm deep into the wound and the wound surface was covered with the remaining half. Results Complete wound healing occurred in 18 of 19 patients (94.7%) within a mean of 4.82 ± 2.16 week. There were significant reductions in wound area among all consecutive measurements except for first week. A significant reduction in wound volume was apparent even in first week and sustained among consecutive measurements. Conclusion Platelet-rich plasma seems effective in terms of promoting healing of venous leg ulcers. Improvement in wound depth was slightly more prominent than that in wound area, indicating a potential role of platelet-rich plasma especially in deep venous ulcers.