bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A study on undergraduate suicidal ideation and coping setback manner in China
Authors: Chi GB , Wang SY , Xia MH 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundUndergraduate are the high risk population in suicide, their incidence rate is higher than other younger people. Suicidal ideation is the risk factor of suicide. Some domestic scholars on suicidal ideation have studied, but the influence factors are still not very clear. Our aim is to explore when undergraduate suffer setbacks adopt different coping manner and suicidal ideation relationship.PurposeTo understand the undergraduate when they encounter setback the manner and should to the way, analyse it with to have the suicidal ideation reciprocity, for strengthens the college student anti-setback ability education.MethodsUsing cluster sampling survey to investigate 780 college students.ResultsWhen college student encountered the setback attack, the positive attitude to score points is 1.82, negative is 1.17. Suicidal ideation picking out rate is 7.4%, male student more than female, has 1.7 times. The coping setback manner and the suicidal ideation have statistically significant difference. Positive manner students have the suicidal ideation fewer (t=4.87, p=0.001), negative manner students have the suicidal ideation many (t=3.32, p=0.001). Female student, student's family for his university burden is not difficult, they can adopt a positive attitude to deal with the setback. But father's occupation, the living expenses originate to loan, these students have negative attitude when they face setback.SignificanceWhen the undergraduate encountered setback, held the negative manner to have suicidal ideation proportion to be higher. So, when undergraduate suffer setback attack, transforms their negative manner, it will effectively cut off the suicidal ideation, to prevent the suicide behaviour.
Analysis of the cases of trauma and suicide attempts serviced by University General Hospital ‘Tsaritsa Yoanna—ISUL’, Sofia over 1 year period
Authors: Koycheva F , Korukov B , Hristova R , Yankov E , Karadimov D , Tzenev I , Popov R 
Published: October 2012

AimTo estimate the rate of hospital admissions for trauma and burns due to external causes (ICD-10) for a 1 year period in comparison with the overall number of admissions in a university hospital providing emergency services for a city with a population of 1.5 million. A secondary analysis involved identifying the types of external causes and assessing their preventability and cost.MethodsAnalysis of case notes from five wards (Ophtalmology; Orthopedics and Trauma; Ear, Nose and Throat; Intensive Care; Neurosurgery) for the period of 1 January 2011–1 January 2012. The trauma cases and burns due to external causes as well as suicide attempts were summarised. The ratio between trauma due to extraneous causes and overall number admissions was calculated, the percentage of cases leading to long-term disability, their financial cost and the estimated cost of their prevention.ResultsWe found that preventable traumas due to external causes comprise a significant part of all admissions, with ophtalmology, hand trauma and suicide attempts in untreated psychiatric disorders contributing considerably. Our secondary analysis revealed a high percentage of long-term disability as a direct result of these preventable traumas. These data highlight the need to increase prevention efforts, as well as the need to register hospitalised patients under section ‘External causes’ of ICD-10 when appropriate.
PREVALENCE OF DRUNK DRIVING IN GHANA
Authors: Damsere-Derry J , Afukaar F , Agyemeng W , Ackaah W 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundAlcohol impairment is and established risk factor for the incidence and severity of road traffic crashes. Whereas the developed countries have dedicated resources to combating this menace, drunk-driving research and preventive programs are at rudimentary stages in developing countries. The objective of this study was to establish baseline prevalence of drunk-driving in Ghana.MethodsSystematic roadside random sampling was used to determine the prevalence of drunk-driving in the country. Alco-sensor v breathalyzers were used for screening drivers to determine whether they have ingested any alcohol before driving their vehicles. If alcohol was detected, a second test involving administration of disposable mouthpieces to establish the actual volume of alcohol in their breaths was conducted.Results2,736 drivers were randomly stopped and their BrAC measured with the breathalyzers. In all, 8.7% had detectable alcohol in their breaths with 5.5% exceeding the legal limit of 0.08%. BrAC measurements were converted to BAC using the BrAC:BAC ratio of 2,300:1 for easy understanding in Ghana. A stratified analysis shows that 64% of the drivers who tested positive for alcohol recorded BAC exceeding the legal limit. 19% had BAC between 0.05 and 0.08% whilst the remainder 17% had ingested alcohol ranging between 0.001 to 0.05.ConclusionDrunk-driving prevalence in Ghana is very high compared with many industrialized countries. It is therefore recommended that enhanced enforcement, driver education and stricter laws such as reduced alcohol limits for young and novice drivers are encouraged to combat the incidence of drunk-driving and their associated traffic injuries in Ghana.
Alcohol and psychoactive substance related to road traffic injuries in Pakistan
Authors: Khoso A 
Published: October 2012

ObjectivesTo carry out comprehensive analysis of available Road Traffic Crash data from various sources to estimate alcohol and psychoactive substance related Road Traffic Injuries in Pakistan and to analyse Police road traffic accident recording system to know constrains which lead to underreporting of alcohol and psychoactive substance related Road Traffic Injuries in PakistanMethodsRoad Traffic Accident Data of National Highways and Motorways Police and Road Traffic Injury Research and Prevention Centre was used for estimating alcohol and psychoactive substance related Road Traffic Injuries in Pakistan and injury surveillance system of National Highways and Motorways Police was analysed to know the constrains which result in underreporting of alcohol and psychoactive related road traffic crashes in Pakistan.ResultSurprising, alcohol or any psychoactive substance has not been attributed as a cause of road traffic crash in both the dataset, which shows high level of underreporting mainly due to absence of relevant field in the road accident reporting system, restrictions in prosecuting drunk and psychoactive drivers and deficient Police training and capability to check drunk or driving under influence of psychoactive substance.ConclusionThere is either little or no understanding of issue of alcohol or psychoactive active related road traffic injuries in Pakistan due to which drunk or drugged driving has not been reported by National Highways and Motorways Police or Road Traffic Injury Research and Prevention Centre.
Self-reported drunk driving among Finnish adolescents
Authors: Markkula J , Raitasalo K , Lillsunde P , Ahlström S 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundDrunk-driving compromises traffic safety as it impairs driving skills even at very low blood alcohol concentrations among young drivers. According to previous research, the drunk-driving arrest incidence rate of 18–19-year-olds was twice that of the general population (15–84-year-olds) and also their proportion of alcohol-related crashes was high.Aims/Objectives/PurposeThe aims of this study were to investigate the frequency and patterns of adolescents' self-reported drunk-driving.MethodsThe data were collected with a nationally representative cluster sample of 15–16-year-old pupils (n=3744) as part of the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD) in 2011.Results/OutcomeAccording to the results, 15% of boys and 11% of girls reported that they had driven a motor vehicle after drinking alcohol or using drugs during the past 12 months. 4% of them reported also at that time getting into a traffic accident. The vehicle used by drunken drivers was in most cases a moped or a scooter. Girls reported a bit more often than boys being a passenger in a motor vehicle driven by a drunk-driver (16% vs 10%). Typically the driver was a friend (77%), but in 19% of cases it was a relative, a family member or other acquaintance. 4% reported the driver was a total stranger.Significance/Contribution to the FieldDifferent professionals working with adolescents should emphasise the risks related to drunken driving, for example, as part of school health care counselling. Also a lower blood alcohol level to adolescents and young people should be considered in addition to targeted road checks.
Investigating the existence of blood alcohol content policy for commercial drivers in Nigeria
Authors: Ojugbana C , Magbor A , Oba D , Ojugbana D , Okonkwo B 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundCredible studies have established that alcohol consumption by commercial drivers is a major contributory factor to road crashes and that alcohol abuse by drivers accounts for about 13% of preventable road traffic injuries in Nigeria. This is real threat to about half of Nigeria's 150 million population especially in regions where alcohol consumption is not prohibited by religious affiliation.AimTo investigate the existence and effectiveness of Alcohol control policy for commercial drivers in Nigeria.MethodsThis study was carried out in Nigeria's 36 states, 800 questionnaires were randomly distributed to commercial drivers in all the states. Existing traffic safety laws were reviewed both at state and national levels.OutcomeIn all the states investigated, there was no state legislation on Blood Alcohol Content. (BAC) limit. The national road traffic laws reviewed showed that drunk driving was an offence but no established BAC limit. 95% of respondents interviewed stated that they have never been stopped by any enforcement agency for BAC test. All the 40 road safety officers interviewed affirmed the existence of a law on drunk driving but agreed that no enforcement was being carried out.Significance/Contribution to the FieldThe study showed that the non existence of BAC limit policy hinders enforcement and prosecution of drivers who drive under the influence of alcohol. BAC limit policy is very necessary because it will help provide evidence for prosecution of offenders, in turn discourage commercial drivers from drink driving, thus saving about 13% of preventable road deaths on Nigerian roads.
Role of alcohol in hospitalised road trauma in Viet Nam
Authors: Passmore Jonathon , Phuong Nam Nguyen 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundRoad traffic injury is a leading cause of death and disability in Vietnam, but information on the contributions of specific behavioural risk factors is limited.PurposeTo assess the blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of road traffic injured patients presenting at three provincial and central hospitals in the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam by age, sex and road user type.MethodsA descriptive cross sectional study measuring BAC in all consenting road traffic injured patients presenting at three hospitals between July 2009 and September 2010. All results were anonymous and summary information on key variables were sent to MOH and the WHO on a monthly basis.ResultsOf 36 418 road traffic injured patients presenting to these hospitals during the study, BAC analysis was completed on 14 990 patients (41.2%), representing all patients 15 years of age and above, who consented to anonymous testing. BAC results ranged from zero to 0.589 g/dl blood, with a mean of 0.0441 g/dl. Of all patients tested, 56.8% had no detectable alcohol. Motorcycle riders were the most common patients represented in the tested sample (70.7%), with 27.8% having a BAC above the legal limit (0.05 g/dl). Car or other vehicle drivers represented 2.7% of the sample, with 63.4% tested having a BAC above zero (0 g/dl), the legal limit for these road usersSignificanceThis preliminary study indicates that 29.1% of injured car drivers and motorcycle riders exceeded the legal BAC limit for operating a vehicle, suggestive that strengthening enforcement of drink–driving to be urgent national road safety priority.
Computerised assessment of alcohol use and readiness to change in Spanish-speaking emergency department patients
Authors: Lotfipour S , Cisneros V , Hoonpongsimanont W , Roumani S , Chakravarthy B , Anderson C 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundThe rapid growth of the Latino population in the US requires increased attention for prevention, screening, and treatment for alcohol-related problems. We offer English and Spanish-speaking emergency department (ED) patients a computerised alcohol screening and brief intervention (CASI) programme. CASI utilises the Alcohol Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) for screening, compares daily and weekly drinking to National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) thresholds for safe drinking and provides a brief intervention as necessary.ObjectivesTo assess drinking patterns of Spanish-speaking patients using a bilingual CASI tablet.MethodsThis retrospective study was conducted in a tertiary university hospital ED between 2006 and 2010. Data from 1816 Spanish-speaking ED patients was analysed using descriptive statistics, the χ2test for independence, and the Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test for comparisons using quantitative variables.ResultsOverall, 15% of Spanish-speaking patients were at-risk drinkers, and 5% had an AUDIT score consistent with alcohol dependency (≥20). A higher percentage of Spanish-speaking males than females were at-risk drinkers or dependent. Spanish speaking males exhibited higher frequency of drinking days per week and higher number of drinks per day compared to females. Non-drinking behaviour increased in older patients and at-risk drinkers decreased. Males and females were ready to change their behaviour after intervention, 61% and 67% respectively.SignificanceCASI found significant at-risk and dependent drinking behaviour in Spanish-speaking ED patients. The majority of patients were ready to change their drinking behaviour. More alcohol screening and brief intervention should be tested and become readily accessible for Spanish-speaking patients.
Drinking behaviour and readiness to change in a trauma population and feasibility of Computerised Alcohol Screening and Brief Intervention (CASI)
Authors: Lotfipour S , Cisneros V , Hoonpongsimanont W , Anderson C , Roumani S , Chakravarthy B 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundHalf of severely injured trauma patients screen positive for alcohol use. Barriers for screening include language and administration time. We developed Computerised Alcohol Screening and brief Intervention (CASI) to address these barriers.ObjectivesTo assess drinking patterns in trauma patients using the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT), examine self-reported readiness-to-change scores after brief intervention, and to evaluate the CASI feasibility in a trauma population.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted in a tertiary care university hospital, level I trauma centre. CASI was administered to adult trauma patients (age ≥18), using a bilingual (English/Spanish) tablet. We analysed data using the χ2test for independence and descriptive statistics.ResultsOut of 1145 trauma patients, 286 (25%) patients drank more than recommended (AUDIT score ≥8) and 92 (4%) patients were dependent. More Spanish-speaking males compared to English-speaking males drank above recommendation and were dependent. Half of patients reporting an AUDIT ≥8 rated themselves eight or higher on a 10-point readiness-to-change scale. No statistically significant difference (p>0.05) in readiness-to-change score was found among age, gender, and language. Trauma patients found CASI easy (92%) and a comfort in use (87%). Median length of implementation time ranged from 3–9 min.SignificanceCASI identified and provided personalised feedback to trauma patients who drank above recommendation. Half of trauma patients with an AUDIT score ≥8 were ready to change their drinking behaviour after CASI administration. Bilingual CASI improved alcohol screening and feasibility by reducing the language barrier and administrative time.
‘Just another Saturday night’
Authors: Cheyne I , Anderson L 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundHawkes Bay (East Coast NZ) is made up of 4 districts within the region including, two medium sized cities and two rural communities. Hawkes Bay features significantly in statistics involving youth and alcohol serious and fatal crashes. ‘Just Another Saturday Night’ is a resource featuring a local crash. Two youth where killed and two critically injured. The purpose of the digital video disc is to demonstrate the full impact of a crash on the victims and associated individuals.Aims/Objective/PurposeOverall aim is to reduce incidence, severity of youth and alcohol crashes and demonstrate the broader impacts on passengers, families, rescue services and the community as a whole.Raise awareness drivers are responsible for all road users' safety. Change the attitude of young drivers around driving impaired and increasing passenger safety.Provide unique educational opportunities in varying venues and present these involving Jared, survivor of the crash to further reduce risk, harm.MethodsConducted over 2000 surveys prior to the presentation to identify the audience understanding of consequences of driving impaired, we then undertook 2000 post surveys. These highlighted a change in attitude in 92% of the participants.Results/OutcomeThere has been a reduction in accepted claims involving motor vehicle crashes on public roads. An example is provided for: Hastings District 2009/10: 674-2010/11: 586 Napier City 2009/10: 530-2010/11: 472.Significance/Contribution to the FieldWith the success of the resource we have launched this nationally and continue to have outstanding feedback from educators across New Zealand
The burden of alcohol-related injuries and violence–2020 a safer Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Singh GR , Williams R 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundAlcohol is a major risk factor for the global burden of disease and injury. By 2020 injuries are predicted to be the third leading cause of death and disability worldwide.AimTo ensure alcohol-related policies, plans and practices are informed by the best available evidence.MethodAlcohol Healthwatch undertook a comprehensive review of published literature on alcohol's role in injuries (unintentional and intentional), and the effectiveness of interventions to reduce the burden of alcohol-related injuries.ResultsAlcohol-attributed injuries (intentional and unintentional) account for almost half of all alcohol-attributable deaths worldwide. In New Zealand more than 50% of deaths and 70% years of life lost each year are due to alcohol-related injuries. There is a clear dose-response relationship between alcohol consumption and injuries. Risk of an injury is almost 3 times greater when alcohol is consumed. We found that alcohol is a significant risk factor in a range of unintentional injuries including falls, fire, burns, drowning and near drowning, workplace injuries and poisoning, and intentional injuries including intimate partner violence, sexual violence/assault, child and elder abuse/neglect, suicide and self harm. We also found that there are interventions that can effectively reduce alcohol-related injuries and violence.SignificanceWe will summarise our findings and present a framework for a more effective response to reduce the burden of alcohol-related injuries in New Zealand.
First standardised field sobriety test in Brazil
Authors: Sousa TRV , Chandran A , Schmitz AR , Pasa GG , Gonçalves VM , Bastos TM , Seiffert BE , Hyder A , Pechansky F 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundIn Brazil, drivers are subject to arrest if they are found driving with a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) over 0.06%. At BACs between 0.02% and 0.06%, they have their driver's license withheld. The use of a field sobriety test would be an appropriate alternative in the absence of a breathalyzer or to test for other psychoactive substances. This study reflects the first experience with the Standardised Field Sobriety Test (SFST) in Brazil.AimTo determine the accuracy of the application of the first Standardised Field Sobriety Test conducted in Brazil.MethodDuring police roadblocks, self-trained researchers applied the SFST on volunteer drivers (N=718), using the standardised 3-test battery (Horizontal-Gaze-Nystagmus, Walk-and-Turn, One-Leg Stand). A questionnaire on alcohol consumption and driver behaviour was conducted by researchers and the breathalyzer test was conducted by police officers (16.4% refused to perform it).ResultsThe breathalyzer test confirmed that of the drivers with BAC above 0.08%, 86% failed in the SFST, which resulted in 58% accuracy. However, considering the BAC limit in Brazil (0.06%), we have similar accuracy (57.9%): 70% of the drivers failed at least one of the standardised 3-test. These tests were conducted in two rounds, allowing researchers to hone their skills, which resulted in higher accuracy in the second round (65.1%).SignificanceThe SFSTs are valid tests that are feasible to use in field situations in Brazil, serving as indicators of the presence of alcohol or other substances. The use of the SFST as legal evidence could improve enforcement in Brazil.
Drink or drunk: developing partnerships to assist licensed premises in minimising alcohol-related violence
Authors: Deborah Costello , Mary Ashe , Sarai Stevely 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundThe Drink or Drunk project was funded through the National Drug Law Enforcement Research Fund. The project examines why staff at licensed premises continue to serve to intoxication despite current laws and interventions.ObjectivesTo improve understanding into why staff continue to serve to intoxication, examine factors that increase the probability of staff serving to intoxication and to identify new strategies to reduce the likelihood of this occurring.MethodThe methodology involved a combination of one to one interviews and an online survey across both the regional and metropolitan areas of Western Australia. This qualitative research was disseminated to the communities in which the research took place as well as to other organisations within the alcohol and other drugs field.OutcomeSome of the recommendations include;1. Responsible service of alcohol (RSA) training requirements to be standardised across the nation2. RSA training to include patron management techniques3. Programme to work with licensed premises to help them take more responsibility for the role they play in preventing negative patron behaviourSignificanceThe research provides insights into understanding the fear and rationale behind why staff continue to serve patrons to intoxication. A network of partnerships both on a state and national level is necessary to apply the recommendations through a coordinated, consistent, holistic approach.