bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Multicenter Noncomparative Clinical Study on Midface Rejuvenation Using a Nonabsorbable Polypropylene Mesh: Evaluation of Efficacy and Safety
Authors: Pak Chang Sik , Chang Lan Sook , Lee Hobin , Jeong Jae Hoon , Jeong Jinwook , Yoon Eul-Sik , Heo Chan Yeong 
Published: September 2015

Background Facial rejuvenation can be achieved using a variety of techniques. Since minimally invasive procedures for face lifting have become popular because of their convenience and short operating time, numerous minimally invasive surgical procedures have been developed. In this study, a nonabsorbable polypropylene mesh is introduced as a new face lifting instrument, with the nasolabial fold as the main target area. In this paper, we report the efficacy and safety of a polypropylene mesh in midface rejuvenation.
Methods Thirty-three subjects with moderate-to-severe nasolabial folds were enrolled from two medical institutions for a noncomparative single-sample study. A mesh was inserted above the superficial muscular aponeurotic system layer, reaching the nasolabial folds through a temporal scalp incision. After 3 weeks, the temporal end of the mesh was pulled to provide a lifting effect. Then, the mesh was fixed to the deep temporal fascia using nonabsorbable sutures. To evaluate efficacy, we compared the scores on the Wrinkle Severity Rating Scale and a visual analog scale for patient satisfaction between the baseline and 7 weeks postoperatively. In addition, we evaluated safety based on the incidence of adverse events.
Results The treatment was deemed effective at improving wrinkles in 23 of 28 cases, and patient satisfaction improved significantly during the study period. There were seven cases of skin or subcutaneous tissue complications, including edema and erythema, but there were no suspected serious adverse events.
Conclusions Face lifting using a nonabsorbable mesh can improve nasolabial folds without serious adverse effects. Thus, this technique is safe and effective for midface rejuvenation.
Inferring surface water equilibrium calcite δ18O during the last deglacial period from benthic foraminiferal records: Implications for ocean circulation
Authors: Amrhein Daniel E. , Gebbie Geoffrey , Marchal Olivier , Wunsch Carl 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe ocean circulation modifies mixed layer (ML) tracer signals as they are communicated to the deep ocean by advection and mixing. We develop and apply a procedure for using tracer signals observed “upstream” (by planktonic foraminifera) and “downstream” (by benthic foraminifera) to constrain how tracer signals are modified by the intervening circulation and, by extension, to constrain properties of that circulation. A history of ML equilibrium calcite δ18O (δ18Oc) spanning the last deglaciation is inferred from a least‐squares fit of eight benthic foraminiferal δ18Oc records to Green's function estimated for the modern ocean circulation. Disagreements between this history and the ML history implied by planktonic records would indicate deviations from the modern circulation. No deviations are diagnosed because the two estimates of ML δ18Oc agree within their uncertainties, but we suggest data collection and modeling procedures useful for inferring circulation changes in future studies. Uncertainties of benthic‐derived ML δ18Oc are lowest in the high‐latitude regions chiefly responsible for ventilating the deep ocean; additional high‐resolution planktonic records constraining these regions are of particular utility. Benthic records from the Southern Ocean, where data are sparse, appear to have the most power to reduce uncertainties in benthic‐derived ML δ18Oc. Understanding the spatiotemporal covariance of deglacial ML δ18Oc will also improve abilities of δ18Oc records to constrain deglacial circulation.
Predicting conditions for the reception of one‐hop signals from the Siple transmitter experiment using the Kp index
Authors: Li J. D. , Spasojevic M. , Inan U. S. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWave injection experiments provide an opportunity to explore and quantify aspects of nonlinear wave‐particle phenomena in a controlled manner. Waves are injected into space from ground‐based ELF/VLF transmitters, and the modified waves are measured by radio receivers on the ground in the conjugate hemisphere. These experiments are expensive and challenging projects to build and to operate, and the transmitted waves are not always detected in the conjugate region. Even the powerful transmitter located at Siple Station, Antarctica in 1986, estimated to radiate over 1 kW, only reported a reception rate of ∼40%, indicating that a significant number of transmissions served no observable scientific purpose and reflecting the difficulty in determining suitable conditions for transmission and reception. Leveraging modern machine‐learning classification techniques, we apply two statistical techniques, a Bayes and a support vector machine classifier, to predict the occurrence of detectable one‐hop transmissions from Siple data with accuracies on the order of 80%–90%. Applying these classifiers to our 1986 Siple data set, we detect 406 receptions of Siple transmissions which we analyze to generate more robust statistics on nonlinear growth rates, 3 dB/s–270 dB/s, and nonlinear total amplification, 3 dB–41 dB.
Numerical simulations of snowfall events: Sensitivity analysis of physical parameterizations
Authors: Fernández‐González S. , Valero F. , Sánchez J. L. , Gascón E. , López L. , García‐Ortega E. , Merino A. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAccurate estimation of snowfall episodes several hours or even days in advance is essential to minimize risks to transport and other human activities. Every year, these episodes cause severe traffic problems on the northwestern Iberian Peninsula. In order to analyze the influence of different parameterization schemes, 15 snowfall days were analyzed with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, defining three nested domains with resolutions of 27, 9, and 3 km. We implemented four microphysical parameterizations (WRF Single‐Moment 6‐class scheme, Goddard, Thompson, and Morrison) and two planetary boundary layer schemes (Yonsei University and Mellor‐Yamada‐Janjic), yielding eight distinct combinations. To validate model estimates, a network of 97 precipitation gauges was used, together with dichotomous data of snowfall presence/absence from snowplow requests to the emergency service of Spain and observatories of the Spanish Meteorological Agency. The results indicate that the most accurate setting of WRF for the study area was that using the Thompson microphysical parameterization and Mellor‐Yamada‐Janjic scheme, although the Thompson and Yonsei University combination had greater accuracy in determining the temporal distribution of precipitation over 1 day. Combining the eight deterministic members in an ensemble average improved results considerably. Further, the root mean square difference decreased markedly using a multiple linear regression as postprocessing. In addition, our method was able to provide mean ensemble precipitation and maximum expected precipitation,which can be very useful in the management of water resources. Finally, we developed an application that allows determination of the risk of snowfall above a certain threshold.
Modeling methane and nitrous oxide emissions from direct‐seeded rice systems
Authors: Simmonds Maegen B. , Li Changsheng , Lee Juhwan , Six Johan , van Kessel Chris , Linquist Bruce A. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractProcess‐based modeling of CH4 and N2O emissions from rice fields is a practical tool for conducting greenhouse gas inventories and estimating mitigation potentials of alternative practices at the scale of management and policy making. However, the accuracy of these models in simulating CH4 and N2O emissions in direct‐seeded rice systems under various management practices remains a question. We empirically evaluated the denitrification‐decomposition model for estimating CH4 and N2O fluxes in California rice systems. Five and nine site‐year combinations were used for calibration and validation, respectively. The model was parameterized for two cultivars, M206 and Koshihikari, and able to simulate 30% and 78% of the variation in measured yields, respectively. Overall, modeled and observed seasonal CH4 emissions were similar (R2 = 0.85), but there was poor correspondence in fallow period CH4 emissions and in seasonal and fallow period N2O emissions. Furthermore, management effects on seasonal CH4 emissions were highly variable and not well represented by the model (0.2–465% absolute relative deviation). Specifically, simulated CH4 emissions were oversensitive to fertilizer N rate but lacked sensitivity to the type of seeding system (dry seeding versus water seeding) and prior fallow period straw management. Additionally, N2O emissions were oversensitive to fertilizer N rate and field drainage. Sensitivity analysis showed that CH4 emissions were highly sensitive to changes in the root to total plant biomass ratio, suggesting that it is a significant source of model uncertainty. These findings have implications for model‐directed field research that could improve model representation of paddy soils for application at larger spatial scales.
Abrupt shifts in phenology and vegetation productivity under climate extremes
Authors: Ma Xuanlong , Huete Alfredo , Moran Susan , Ponce‐Campos Guillermo , Eamus Derek 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAmplification of the hydrologic cycle as a consequence of global warming is predicted to increase climate variability and the frequency and severity of droughts. Recent large‐scale drought and flooding over numerous continents provide unique opportunities to understand ecosystem responses to climatic extremes. In this study, we investigated the impacts of the early 21st century extreme hydroclimatic variations in southeastern Australia on phenology and vegetation productivity using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Enhanced Vegetation Index and Standardized Precipitation‐Evapotranspiration Index. Results revealed dramatic impacts of drought and wet extremes on vegetation dynamics, with abrupt between year changes in phenology. Drought resulted in widespread reductions or collapse in the normal patterns of seasonality such that in many cases there was no detectable phenological cycle during drought years. Across the full range of biomes examined, we found semiarid ecosystems to exhibit the largest sensitivity to hydroclimatic variations, exceeding that of arid and humid ecosystems. This result demonstrated the vulnerability of semiarid ecosystems to climatic extremes and potential loss of ecosystem resilience with future mega‐drought events. A skewed distribution of hydroclimatic sensitivity with aridity is of global biogeochemical significance because it suggests that current drying trends in semiarid regions will reduce hydroclimatic sensitivity and suppress the large carbon sink that has been reported during recent wet periods (e.g., 2011 La Niña).
Regional model‐based computerized ionospheric tomography using GPS measurements: IONOLAB‐CIT
Authors: Tuna Hakan , Arikan Orhan , Arikan Feza 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThree‐dimensional imaging of the electron density distribution in the ionosphere is a crucial task for investigating the ionospheric effects. Dual‐frequency Global Positioning System (GPS) satellite signals can be used to estimate the slant total electron content (STEC) along the propagation path between a GPS satellite and ground‐based receiver station. However, the estimated GPS‐STEC is very sparse and highly nonuniformly distributed for obtaining reliable 3‐D electron density distributions derived from the measurements alone. Standard tomographic reconstruction techniques are not accurate or reliable enough to represent the full complexity of variable ionosphere. On the other hand, model‐based electron density distributions are produced according to the general trends of ionosphere, and these distributions do not agree with measurements, especially for geomagnetically active hours. In this study, a regional 3‐D electron density distribution reconstruction method, namely, IONOLAB‐CIT, is proposed to assimilate GPS‐STEC into physical ionospheric models. The proposed method is based on an iterative optimization framework that tracks the deviations from the ionospheric model in terms of F2 layer critical frequency and maximum ionization height resulting from the comparison of International Reference Ionosphere extended to Plasmasphere (IRI‐Plas) model‐generated STEC and GPS‐STEC. The suggested tomography algorithm is applied successfully for the reconstruction of electron density profiles over Turkey, during quiet and disturbed hours of ionosphere using Turkish National Permanent GPS Network.
One‐Pot Synthesis of 3‐Iminoisoindolinones by a Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed and Methanol‐Assisted C−H Cyanation–Cyclization Cascade with N‐Alkoxyl Transfer
Authors: Jia Jinlong , Liu Xuelei , Shi Jingjing , Xu H. Eric , Yi Wei 
Published: September 2015

AbstractHerein, we disclose the RhIII‐catalyzed and MeOH‐assisted direct C−H functionalization of simple N‐alkoxybenzamides with N‐cyano‐N‐phenyl‐p‐toluenesulfonamide (NCTS) in a one‐pot cascade synthesis of 3‐iminoisoindolinones with excellent substrate/functional group tolerance. Experimental studies reveal that the versatile reaction comprises a regioselective C−H cyanation and subsequent intramolecular cyclization along with N‐alkoxyl transfer. Furthermore, the synthetic application of the obtained products to rapidly build other important structural motifs, such as lactams and phthalazinones, has also been demonstrated in subsequent derivatization reactions.
Predictors of preoperative and early postoperative seizures in patients with intra‐axial primary and metastatic brain tumors: A retrospective observational single center study
Authors: Skardelly Marco , Brendle Elina , Noell Susan , Behling Felix , Wuttke Thomas V. , Schittenhelm Jens , Bisdas Sotirios , Meisner Christoph , Rona Sabine , Tatagiba Marcos Soares , Tabatabai Ghazaleh 
Published: September 2015

ObjectiveAntiepileptic treatment of brain tumor patients mainly depends on the individual physician's choice rather than on well‐defined predictive factors. We investigated the predictive value of defined clinical parameters to formulate a model of risk estimations for subpopulations of brain tumor patients.MethodsWe enclosed 650 patients > 18 years of age who underwent brain tumor surgery and included a number of clinical data. Logistic regressions were performed to determine the effect sizes of seizure‐related risk factors and to develop prognostic scores for the occurrence of preoperative and early postoperative seizures.ResultsA total of 492 patients (334 gliomas) were eligible for logistic regression for preoperative seizures, and 338 patients for early postoperative seizures. Age ≤ 60 years (odds ratio [OR] = 1.66, p = 0.020), grades I and II glioma (OR = 4.00, p = 0.0002), total tumor/edema volume ≤ 64cm3 (OR = 2.18, p = 0.0003), and frontal location (OR = 2.28, p = 0.034) demonstrated an increased risk for preoperative seizures. Isocitrate–dehydrogenase mutations (OR = 2.52, p = 0.026) were an independent risk factor in the glioma subgroup. Age ≥ 60 years (OR = 3.32, p = 0.041), total tumor/edema volume ≤ 64cm3 (OR = 3.17, p = 0.034), complete resection (OR = 15.50, p = 0.0009), diencephalic location (OR = 12.2, p = 0.013), and high‐grade tumors (OR = 5.67, p = 0.013) were significant risk factors for surgery‐related seizures. Antiepileptics (OR = 1.20, p = 0.60) did not affect seizure occurrence. For seizure occurrence, patients could be stratified into 3 prognostic preoperative and into 2 prognostic early postoperative groups.InterpretationBased on the developed prognostic scores, seizure prophylaxis should be considered in high‐risk patients and patient stratification for prospective studies may be feasible in the future. Ann Neurol 2015;78:917–928
Towards quantum cybernetics
Authors: Girolami Davide , Schmidt Rebecca , Adesso Gerardo 
Published: September 2015

Cybernetics is a successful meta‐theory to model the regulation of complex systems from an abstract information‐theoretic viewpoint, regardless of the properties of the system under scrutiny. Fundamental limits to the controllability of an open system can be formalized in terms of the law of requisite variety, which is derived from the second law of thermodynamics and suggests that establishing correlations between the system of interest and a controller is beneficial. These concepts are briefly reviewed, and the chances, challenges and potential gains arising from the generalisation of such a framework to the quantum domain are discussed.
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Quantitative Evaluation of the Vasculature Supplying the Oviduct in Pre‐Pubertal and Sexually Mature Sows
Authors: Gutiérrez Hugo A. , Latorre Rafael , MartÍnez BagÁn Elizabeth , SÁnchez Margallo Francisco M. , López Albors Octavio 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTThe present work was aimed at characterizing the regional vascularization of the oviduct in the pig to ascertain whether the number of terminal mesosalpingeal arterioles supplying the isthmus and ampulla is influenced by reproductive maturity and state of the estrous cycle. The total number of terminal arterioles (NTA) in the mesosalpinx was quantified under a stereomicroscope in latex injected ex‐vivo reproductive tracts from pre‐pubertal (n = 10) and mature sows (n = 34), the latter allocated into three phases of the estrous cycle: follicular (n = 12); early luteal (n = 11); and late luteal (n = 11). The NTA and density of terminal arterioles (DTA) changed little between pre‐pubertal and mature sows or among sows of different reproductive status (P > 0.05). Conversely, both in pre‐pubertal and mature sows the isthmus showed higher DTA (P < 0.001) than the ampulla. It is concluded that the pattern of vascularization supplying the porcine oviduct is essentially established before the onset of puberty so that neither cyclical changes coupled with the estrous cycle nor regional variations between the isthmus and ampulla are likely at the level of the terminal arterioles supplying the oviduct during the reproductive life. Anat Rec, 298:1978–1983, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Basement Membrane and the Sex Establishment in the Juvenile Hermaphroditism During Gonadal Differentiation of the Gymnocorymbus ternetzi (Teleostei: Characiformes: Characidae)
Authors: Mazzoni Talita Sarah , Grier Harry J. , Quagio‐Grassiotto Irani 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTAlthough there are several studies on morphogenesis in Teleostei, until now there is no research describing the role of the basement membrane in the establishment of the germinal epithelium during gonadal differentiation in Characiformes. In attempt to study these events that result in the formation of ovarian and testicular structures, gonads of Gymnocorymbus ternetzi were prepared for light microscopy. During gonadal development in G. ternetzi, all individuals first developed ovarian tissue. The undifferentiated gonad was formed by somatic cells (SC) and primordial germ cells (PGCs). After successive mitosis, the PGCs became oogonia, which entered into meiosis originating oocytes. An interstitial tissue developed. In half of the individuals, presumptive female, prefollicle cells synthesized a basement membrane around oocyte forming a follicle. Along the ventral region of the ovary, the tissue invaginated to form the ovigerous lamellae, bordered by the germinal epithelium. Stroma developed and the follicle complexes were formed. The gonadal aromatase was detected in interstitial cells in the early steps of the gonadal differentiation in both sexes. In another half of the individuals, presumptive male, there was no synthesis of basement membrane. The interstitium was invaded by numerous granulocytes. Pre‐Leydig cells proliferated. Apoptotic oocytes were observed and afterward degenerated. Spermatogonia appeared near the degenerating oocytes and associated to SCs, forming testicular tubules. Germinal epithelium developed and the basement membrane was synthesized. Concomitantly, there was decrease of the gonadal aromatase and increase in the 3β‐HSD enzyme expression. Thus, the testis was organized on an ovary previously developed, constituting an indirect gonochoristic differentiation. Anat Rec, 298:1984–2010, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Arthritis and the Risk of Falling Into Poverty: A Survival Analysis Using Australian Data
Authors: Callander Emily J. , Schofield Deborah J. 
Published: September 2015

ObjectiveLow income is known to be associated with having arthritis. However, no longitudinal studies have documented the relationship between developing arthritis and falling into poverty. The purpose of this study was to evaluate Australians who developed arthritis to determine if they had an elevated risk of falling into poverty.MethodsSurvival analysis using Cox regression models was applied to nationally representative, longitudinal survey data obtained between January 1, 2007 and December 31, 2012 from Australian adults who were ages 21 years and older in 2007.ResultsThe hazard ratio for falling into income poverty was 1.08 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.06–1.09) in women who were diagnosed as having arthritis and 1.15 (95% CI 1.13–1.16) in men who were diagnosed as having arthritis, as compared to those who were never diagnosed as having arthritis. The hazard ratio for falling into multidimensional poverty was 1.15 (95% CI 1.14–1.17) in women who were diagnosed as having arthritis and 1.88 (95% CI 1.85–1.91) in men who were diagnosed as having arthritis.ConclusionDeveloping arthritis increases the risk of falling into income poverty and multidimensional poverty. The risk of multidimensional poverty is greater than the risk of income poverty. Given the high prevalence of arthritis, the condition is likely an overlooked driver of poverty.
Association of maternal homocysteine and vitamins status with the risk of neural tube defects in Tunisia: A case–control study
Authors: Nasri Kaouther , Ben Fradj Mohamed Kacem , Touati Asma , Aloui Mariem , Ben Jemaa Nadia , Masmoudi Aida , Elmay Michèle Véronique , Omar Souhail , Feki Moncef , Kaabechi Naziha , Marrakchi Raja , Gaigi Soumeya Siala 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundThis study was conducted to determine whether low folate and vitamin B12 levels, as well as high homocysteine levels in pregnant women are associated with neural tube defects (NTDs) in Tunisia.MethodsA total of 75 NTDs pregnancies and 75 matched controls were included in the study. Their vitamin B12, folate, and red blood cell folate concentrations were measured using a radio‐immunoassay kit and total homocysteine concentrations were determined using a fluorescent polarization immunoassay.ResultsVitamin B12 and folate concentrations were lower in NTD‐affected pregnant women than in controls (respectively, p = 0.009 and p < 0.001). Total homocysteine concentration was significantly higher in the NTDs group than in controls (p = 0.008). In the case group, the folate levels were positively related with vitamin B12 levels (r = 0.54; p < 0.001) and negatively correlated with total homocysteine levels (r = ‐0.19; p = 0.04). Besides, red blood cell folate levels were positively correlated with folate levels (r = 0.24; p = 0.02) and negatively correlated with total homocysteine levels (r = ‐0.37; p = 0.001).ConclusionLower concentrations of folate and vitamin B12 are related to the increased risk of NTDs. Both folate and vitamin B12 intake insufficiency could contribute to the increased risk of NTDs. A dietary supplement, combining folate and vitamin B12, might be an effective measure to decrease the NTDs incidence in Tunisia. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 103:1011–1020, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.