bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Susceptibility of two cowpea varieties (<i>Vigna unguiculata</i> (L.) Walp.) to fungal infection in field in the western highlands (Dschang)
Authors: Nsangou Kone Abdou Nourou , Mboussi Serge Bertrand , Heu Alain , Agyingi Ambang Lucy , MBainarem David , Ngoh Dooh Jules Patrice 
Published: July 2024

Cowpea is an important food and socio-economic crop in West Africa. However, its yield is low due to biotic and abiotic constraints. The present work was carried out in the field and in the laboratory at the University of Dschang, Cameroon, with the general aim of identifying disease symptoms on cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) in the field during the growth stages. Two varieties were used (MTA-22 and TN5-78) in a completely randomized block design with three replications. The various symptoms of the diseases identified were described, their incidence and severity assessed, and a morphological characterization of the pathogens responsible for fungal diseases based on microscopic observation of fruiting bodies was carried out. At the end of this work, seven fungal diseases were identified and described. Four (4) fungal disease pathogens were clearly isolated and characterized: Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium moniliforme, Cercospora canescens and Rhizoctonia solani These results will contribute to the development of a control program and the improvement of cowpea productivity with a view to combating malnutrition and reducing poverty in rural areas.
Exploration of thyromental distance variation in relation with the height, body weight and sex in two ethnic groups of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
Authors: Ekanem Akpan Udo , Edem Gabriel Donatus , Inoh Mfon Ime , Okon Kingsley Akaniyene , Eto Fortune Udeme 
Published: July 2024

The study aimed at investigating the thyromental distance variation in relation with the height, body weight and sex among adults of the two major tribes (Ibibio and Annang) of Akwa Ibom state, Nigeria. This is to ascertain the possible difficult intubation that could be experienced by any of the two tribes. Additionally, the study also aimed to examine the eventual medical and/or anthropological repercussions of this variation. A total of 300 volunteers within the two tribes consisting of 48% males and 52% females, aged between 18-50 years were measured. Results showed a progressive increase in the thyromental distance (TMD) as age increases within the age brackets of 26-30 and 31-35 years respectively, and a decrease within the age bracket of 46-50 years. Notable variation was seen across the ethnic groups. Annang males within the age grade of 21-25 years had the highest thyromental distance greater than 6.5 cm. Moreover, our result revealed that, Annang males have a higher thyromental distance than the Ibibio males, while Ibibio females have a higher thyromental distance than the Annang females. However, there was a large percentage difference between the sexes and the thyromental distances varied across the ethnic groups, with significant differences between ages, height and body weight observed within the Ibibios and Annangs. Conclusively, our findings revealed that the Annang citizens are taller and heavier than their Ibibio counterparts.
Cheng Ho's Visits to Sri Lanka and the discovery of Oldest Arwi Script Found in Galle Trilingual Inscription
Authors: Marikar Faiz , Karunathilaka Manjula 
Published: July 2024

The study of history has traditionally been centered on Europe, and it is widely acknowledged that modern civilization represents the pinnacle of Western scientific and cultural traditions. Most people thought that Asia was a colossus that had been sleeping and had only recently woken up by contact with the West. There has been a significant shift in historical perspectives regarding the genesis of modernity. Recent studies have shown that non-European nations have had high levels of intellectual and cultural success as well as rapid economic expansion. With a magnificent trilingual inscription, Cheng Ho traveled to Sri Lanka in the fifteenth century. This amazing work provides the earliest record for Arwi, which was mistakenly thought to be Persian. Together with Chinese, it further emphasizes the significance of Tamil and Arwi. It will be seen that, a few centuries later, the extent of invention in medieval China amounted to an economic and social upheaval similar to that in Western Europe.
Evaluation of MgO-ZnO-Crab Shell Biofillers as Reinforcement for Biodegradable Polylactic Acid (PLA) Composite
Authors: Ogunsanya A.O. , Iorohol E.B. , Arinze D. , Ogundoyin O. 
Published: July 2024

Biodegradable polyester obtained from renewable, eco-friendly materials, and natural additives made from debris of production of seafood to create biocomposites is nowadays a possibility. This paper evaluates the physical, morphological, and chemical properties and the degradation stability of polylactic acid/biofillers (magnesium oxide/zinc oxide/crab shell particles) composite as a viable biocomposite material in bone engineering applications. The biofiller showed hygroscopic characteristics. Surface morphology of the composite showed fractured surfaces with interconnected pores suitable for bone cells’ implantation enhancement and propagation. Biofillers effect accelerates the precipitation of calcium apatite formation after 28 days of immersion. The XRD spectra confirmed high composite crystallinity structure of 93.4% due to the nucleation effects of the biofillers. The beneficial role of reinforcing polylactic acid polymer with biofiller showed average pH value of 7.36 and apparent porosity of 40%. Findings from this paper have revealed that the use of crab shell debris such as crab shell can become a resource in biocomposite fabrication. The addition of biofillers provided an effective reinforcement in polylactic acid polymer matrix and hence contributed towards sustainable developments of natural resource materials and biodegradable and bioresorbable material without polluting the environment.
Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of Salmonella in chicken eggs from farms in Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
Authors: Kura FP , Agada AC , Usman UB , Luga II , Ikyetor MP , Ijoh BB , Ogbu GJ 
Published: July 2024

The research was a cross-sectional study conducted from June to December 2021 within Zaria metropolis which aimed to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella isolated from chicken egg shells and their contents. A total of 240 egg samples were collected from farms that operated on either battery cages or deep litter-rearing systems. The samples were transported in ice packs to the Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria for laboratory procedures. Salmonella was isolated, identified and confirmed using standard techniques as outlined by the International Organization for Standardization while antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using the disc diffusion method as described by Kirby-Bauer. Out of the 240 eggs sampled, 12 Salmonella isolates were confirmed positive by amplifying the genus-specific invA gene. A Salmonella prevalence of 4.6% was calculated to be from the egg shells while 0.4% prevalence was from the egg contents. The antimicrobial susceptibility test revealed that there was resistance by Salmonella isolates to almost all the 14 antimicrobials used across 8 different classes of antibiotics except for Imipenem in which the isolates exhibited absolute susceptibility. A Fisher’s exact test was used to test the association between the variables. There was a significant association (P< 0.0059) between the difference in the prevalence of Salmonella on eggshell and egg content but there was no significant association (P>0.7689) between the battery cage and the deep litter systems of rearing. The study highlights the prevalence and the importance of continuous monitoring and surveillance for pathogenic Salmonellae.
Tuberculose Pleural em paciente com Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida
Authors: Pedroso Paiva Luis Felipe , ASSIS DE MORAES JULIANA , FARIA GALVÃO OSÓRIO RODRIGO , RODRIGUES LOURENÇO BERNARDO 
Published: July 2024

A tuberculose (TB) é uma doença infectocontagiosa causada, principalmente, pelo Mycobacterium tuberculosis, no qual apresenta como principal característica, preferência pelo parênquima pulmonar. A forma extrapulmonar também é frequente, sendo o acometimento pleural o mais comum. Portadores do vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV) possuem maior risco de infecção/ reativação da doença, sendo a coinfecção a maior causa de mortalidade entre esses indivíduos. A determinação dos valores das proteínas e da atividade da desidrogenase lática permitem a identificação de exsudato pelo Critérios de Light. Para o diagnóstico, recomenda-se a análise bioquímica do líquido pleural, principalmente a pesquisa de adenosina deaminase (ADA), já que a mesma possui alta sensibilidade e especificidade diagnóstica. Podem ser solicitados exames como os de imagem, teste tuberculínico, marcadores, biópsia entre outros. Na coinfecção com o HIV prioriza-se inicialmente o tratamento da TB. A terapia anti-retroviral deverá ser avaliada posteriormente, com contagem de células T CD4+ e carga viral.
STRATEGI PEMASARAN JASA PENDIDIKAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN DAYA SAING YANG BERORIENTASI LINGKUNGAN DI ERA INDUSTRI 4.0
Authors: Panani Zainal , Masrokan Mutohar Prim , Eko Suijianto Agus 
Published: July 2024

Penelitian dalam ini dilatar belakangi oleh strategi yang dilakukan oleh pengurus diantaranya berkolaborasi/bekerjasama dengan alumni untuk mempromosikan almamater mereka pada calon anak didik baru yang ada di lingkungan tempat tinggal dan tempat kerja mereka dapat meningkatkan daya saing dengan membangun budaya ilmiah unggul mencetak siswa sebagai pembelajar yang bermutu yang tangguh menghadapi tantangan zaman. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan datanya adalah wawancara mendalam, observasi, dokumentasi. Teknik Analisis datanya adalahreduksi data, penyajian data,dan penarikan kesimpulan/verifikasi. Hasil Penelitiannya Strategi bersaing MAN 1 Tulungagung dilakukan dengan: 1) Permintaan terhadap MAN 1 Tulungagung; Kondisi permintaan terhadap MAN 1 Tulungagung sebagai berikut: Adanya peningkatan siswa setiap tahunnya yang bertambah, permintaan semakin tahun semakin besar; Komunikasi yang baik antara pimpinan dan bawahan untuk kemajuan madrasah; Menambah tenaga kependidikan dan sarana prasarana; 2) Penawaran yang dilakukan MAN 1 Tulungagung sebagai berikut: Mempersiapkan dan mengelola siswa dengan baik; Tercipta lingkungan yang bersih dan sehat; Menciptakan citra dan image yang bagus dengan program-program yang menarik. 3) Pemasaran yang dilakukan MAN 1 Tulungagung sebagai berikut: a) Strategi Product dengan menyediakan program-program meliputi: kelas digital, TIK dalam bidang pemrograman, robotik, tahfidz, TOEFL, program olimpiade, program KIR, dan olahraga dan seni. b) price yang dilakukan MAN 1 Tulungagung yaitu: biaya yang dialokasikan sesuai dengan anggaran, dihemat dan sesuai dengan kebutuhan serta kesederhanaan. c) Promotion yang dilakukan MAN 1 Tulungagung yaitu: dengan memanfaatkan alumni karena alumni merupakan brosur hidup yang nyata dan melalui website serta perlombaan berbaris. d) Lokasi MAN 1 Tulungagung yaitu: akses menuju madrasah sangat mudah dan mengadakan perluasan lokasi. Lokasi MAN 1 Tulungagung terletak di Jl. Ki Hadjar Dewantara, Desa Beji, Kecamatan Boyolangu, Kabupaten Tulungagung.
IMPLEMENTASI PEMASARAN LEMBAGA PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DALAM MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS PELAYANAN DI MTSN 1 TUBAN JATIM
Authors: Wahib Abd. 
Published: July 2024

Pengelolaan lembaga pendidikan menjadi sangat penting, di mana pertumbuhan dan perkembangan lembaga dipengaruhi oleh kemampuan administrator dalam melakukan scaning lingkungan eksternal, kompetitor lembaga lain, memperhitungkan kompetensi internal dan harus dapat menciptakan strategi yang mumpuni untuk memenangkan persaingan tanpa meninggalkan esensi dari pendidikan itu sendiri serta diperlukan pemasaran. Tujuan penelitiannya adalah untuk mengetahui implementasi pemasaran lembaga pendidikan Islam dalam meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan di MTsN 1 Tuban Jatim Penelitian kualitatif dengan Melihat permasalahan dan tujuan penelitian yang hendak dicapai maka penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian fenomenologis. Teknik pengumpulan data wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Analisis Data dengan melakukan kondensasi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan/verifikasi. Hasil penelitiannya: implementasi pemasaran lembaga pendidikan Islam dalam meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan di MTsN 1 Tuban Jawa Timur dilakukan dengan: 1) Product (Produk) Madrasah: produk/jasa madrasah yang ditawarkan berkualitas, program pembiasaan karakter, kurikulum kemendiknas, kementerian agama dan muatan lokal serta bidang ekstrakurikuler madrasah 2) Price (harga) Madrasah: Biaya administrasi pendaftaran ringan sesuai dengan kondisi sosial ekonomi masyarakat. Penetapan biaya jasa madrasah ada bulanan dan tahunan. 3) Place (tempat/lokasi): Lokasi di madrasah tsanawiyah sangat mudah akses, dengan jalan yang tidak rentan macet. Tidak bising sehingga kegiatan belajar mengajar tetap kondusif dan nyaman. 4) Promotion (promosi) Madrasah: promosi dengan kunjungan ke SD/MI, pemasangan baliho dan spanduk, penyebaran brosur madrasah, promosi lewat ekstrakurikuler yang sering menjuarai atau tampil di beberapa event dan promosi media sosial seperti facebook, website, instagram, maupun youtube madrasah.
Coot Bird Optimization-Based ESkip-ResNet Classification for Deepfake Detection
Authors: Gokula Krishnan V. , Vadivel R. , Sankar K. , Sathyamoorthy K. , Prathusha Laxmi B. 
Published: July 2024

With increased digitization comes an increase in the speed at which threats to the data are emerging. Although it can be challenging to identify, fake image creation doesn’t require any particular memory, computational equipment, or hardware. Consequently, this study uses deep learning to achieve accurate detection. In order to improve detection performance, the study strengthened the line separating the background from the object. It also used the adaptive 2D Wiener filter for preprocessing in order to attenuate noise that was unintentionally reinforced throughout the process of improving the image. This essay suggests an Efficient Skip Connections based Residual Network (ESkip-ResNet) by utilizing skip connections with the Residual Network (ResNet). The ESkip-ResNet architecture also has a number of stages and progressively more leftover blocks to enhance the classification process. ESkip-ResNet uses the remaining blocks of identity mapping through skip connections in the ResNet architecture. Additionally, ESkip-ResNet has effective techniques for downsampling and stable batch normalization layers, which both improve its stable and dependable performance. The Coot Bird Optimization (CBO) method is used to fine-tune the hyper-parameters of the proposed classifier. The suggested model, ESkip-ResNet, was proposed to be more sensible and to offer better performance. The ESkip-ResNet architecture also has a number of stages and progressively more leftover blocks to enhance the classification process. The proposed model achieved 98.9% and 98.8% accuracy and precision, respectively. Comprehensive test results demonstrate that CBO-based ESkip-ResNet outperforms other approaches in fake detection. The proposed research also took into account every kind of facial alteration, improving the model’s robustness, lightweight nature, and generalizability. It was able to identify every type of facial alteration found in images taken from the Deepfake Detection Challenge dataset.

Received: 28 March 2024 | Revised: 10 May 2024 | Accepted: 28 May 2024

Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.

Data Availability Statement
The DFDC data that support the findings of this study are openly available at https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2102.11126, reference number [20]. The Deepfake Detection Challenge datasets that support the findings of this study are openly available at https:// www.kaggle.com/c/deepfake-detection-challenge.

Author Contribution Statement
V. Gokula Krishnan: Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing, Project administration, Funding acquisition. R. Vadivel: Software, Visualization. K. Sankar: Validation, Resources. K. Sathyamoorthy: Formal analysis, Data curation. B. Prathusha Laxmi: Investigation, Supervision.
Positionnalité
Authors: BALLA Séraphin 
Published: July 2024

La positionnalité réfère à l'impact des structures de pouvoir explicites et implicites sur le processus de recherche, sur les relations entre le chercheur et les personnes étudiées, et sur le transfert des connaissances. En filigrane, il y a l’idée que la situation socio-historique-politique d’un chercheur influence ses orientations, car il n’est pas séparé des processus sociaux qu’il étudie. La positionnalité dans ce sens est donc étroitement liée à la réflexivité entendue comme l’attention que le chercheur porte sur la part subjective de ses choix dans le processus de recherche. Elle est à rebours de la neutralité, qui est comprise dans l'épistémologie moderne comme l'effort de distanciation du chercheur avec son objet de recherche, l’absence de partie pris , pour prétendre à la validité scientifique dans la production des connaissances.
Membangun Kesadaran tentang Osteoporosis dan Risiko Jatuh pada Kelompok Wreda
Authors: Widowati I Gusti Ayu Rai , Manuaba I.A Ratih Wulansari , Suryaningsih N.P Aryati , Sutema I.A Manik Partha , Maharjana I.B.N , Dewi D.A.P Satrya 
Published: July 2024

Background: Prioritising our health and well-being becomes more crucial as we become older. Bone health is a significant factor that is sometimes overlooked, particularly in light of the risk of osteoporosis and the possibility of falls in the senior population. Purpose: The goal of this community service project is to educate senior citizens about osteoporosis and how it increases their risk of falling. Method: On Saturday, November 9, 2023, at the office of the Republic of Indonesia Wredatama Association, Denpasar City, the activity was carried out using field education approaches. This program is part of National Health Day 2023. Results: 100 seniors took part in overall. The results of the survey demonstrated that participants' knowledge split into two categories: good (24.0%) and adequate (76.0%). In conclusion, by providing seniors with information about the causes, preventative actions, and available resources, we may help them live safer and healthier lives.
Keratoconus: imaging modalities and management
Authors: Alqudah Noor 
Published: July 2024

Background: Keratoconus (KCN) is characterized by gradual thinning and steepening of the cornea, which can lead to significant vision problems owing to high astigmatism, corneal scarring, or even corneal perforation. The detection of KCN in its early stages is crucial for effective treatment. In this review, we describe current advances in the diagnosis and treatment of KCN.

Methods: This narrative review focuses on recent advancements in the diagnosis and treatment of KCN, especially evolving approaches and strategies. To ensure the inclusion of the most recent literature, relevant publications discussing advanced imaging techniques and treatment options for KCN were extensively gathered from the PubMed/MEDLINE and Google Scholar databases. The following index terms and keywords were used for the online search: keratoconus, diagnosis of keratoconus, advances in the diagnosis of keratoconus, topography or tomography, anterior segment optical coherence tomography, treatment of keratoconus, advances in the treatment of keratoconus, collagen crosslinking, intrastromal ring, keratoplasty, and new techniques in keratoconus.

Results: Various screening methods such as corneal topography, tomography, anterior segment optical coherence tomography, and assessment of corneal biomechanics have been developed to identify KCN in its early stages. After diagnosis, KCN management focuses on preventing disease progression. Corneal collagen crosslinking is a minimally invasive treatment that can slow or stop the progression of the condition. Recent research has also explored the use of copper sulfate eye drops (IVMED-80) as a noninvasive treatment to prevent the progression of KCN. Current treatment options for visual improvement include scleral lenses, intracorneal ring segments, corneal allogeneic intrastromal ring segments, and deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty. Recently, novel alternative procedures, such as isolated Bowman layer transplantation, either as a corneal stromal inlay or onlay, have demonstrated encouraging outcomes. Artificial intelligence has gained acceptance for providing best practices for the diagnosis and management of KCN, and the science of its application is contentiously debated; however, it may not have been sufficiently developed.

Conclusions: Early detection and advancements in screening methods using current imaging modalities have improved diagnosis of KCN. Improvement in the accuracy of current screening or diagnostic tests and comparison of their validities are achievable by well-designed, large-scale, prospective studies. The safety and effectiveness of emerging treatments for KCN are currently being investigated. There is an ongoing need for studies to track progress and evaluate clinicians’ knowledge and practices in treating patients with KCN. Artificial intelligence capabilities in management approach considering the currently available imaging modalities and treatment options would best benefit the patient.
Future of Gender and Gender Equality Online
Authors: Lagrange Babette , Van Bauwel Sofie , Biltereyst Daniel , Cannizzaro Sara , Toms Justine , Agca Yasemin , Andersson Ingrid , Bjorner Emma , Karadimitriou Achilleas , Odstrcilova Klara , Papathanassopoulos Stylianos , Risi Elisabetta , Latronico Valentina 
Published: July 2024

The emergence and growth of the internet and social media platforms have engendered significant transformations in everyday life, affecting not only society’s most innermost life but also its structural organization. This digital realm impacts gender equality, giving rise to spaces for feminist community building and activism, but at the same time enabling online gender harassment and violence. Our aim was to construct possible scenarios of the future, focusing on foreseeable consequences of social media on gender (in)equality in Europe. Using the Delphi+ method, we generated diverse future scenarios envisioning the intersection of gender and social media platforms. Through an analysis of these scenarios, we identified three recurring themes situated on a continuum from utopian to dystopian perspectives, including various positions in relation to the question of social media as safe or unsafe spaces. This study then provides us with possible imaginaries in relation to gender and social media platforms.