bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paraneoplastic inflammation in myelodysplastic syndrome or bone marrow failure: case series with focus on 5‐azacytidine and literature review
Authors: Frietsch Jochen J. , Dornaus Sebastian , Neumann Thomas , Scholl Sebastian , Schmidt Volker , Kunert Christa , Sayer Herbert G. , Hochhaus Andreas , La Rosée Paul 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIntroductionMyelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) comprises a heterogeneous group of clonal disorders of haematopoietic stem cells, characterised by dysplastic haematopoiesis and dysregulated apoptosis resulting in various degrees of cytopenia, whereas canonical cytologic, cytogenetic and histopathologic findings guiding the diagnosis MDS are widely accepted, the MDS‐phenotype can be masked by coexisting/paraneoplastic immunologic disease. Autoimmune disorders have an estimated incidence of 10% among patients suffering from MDS and are causally related to increased morbidity and mortality, younger age at diagnosis and more complex genetics. Conversely, systemic inflammatory disorders may be an early manifestation of MDS, show good response to immunosuppressive therapy and frequently disappear during the course of specific haematologic therapy.ObjectiveMonocentric report on clinical phenotypes found in MDS or bone marrow failure with paraneoplastic inflammatory disease.MethodsClinical case reports and systematic review about MDS pathophysiology and treatment.ResultsWe report eight patients diagnosed with MDS or bone marrow failure, who presented with paraneoplastic autoimmune diseases. Six of eight patients were treated with the hypomethylating agent 5‐azacytidine, three of which achieved meaningful response with regard to inflammation control and haematologic recovery.ConclusionsAs paraneoplastic syndromes are often mistakenly diagnosed as idiopathic autoimmune disorders, we propose that coexistence of an underlying myelodysplastic syndrome should be considered early in the diagnostic work up. 5‐Azacytidine is effective in controlling paraneoplastic inflammation.
Risk of accidental injuries amongst Parkinson disease patients
Authors: Wang H.‐C. , Lin C.‐C. , Lau C.‐I. , Chang A. , Sung F.‐C. , Kao C.‐H. 
Published: March 2014

Background and purposeTo investigate the spectrum and risks of accidental injuries (AIs) amongst Parkinson disease (PD) patients.MethodsThe participants comprised PD patients aged 50 years and older who were initially diagnosed between 2000 and 2009, and a comparison group of non‐PD patients. The incidence rates of accidental injury types amongst PD and non‐PD patients were calculated; hazard ratios were calculated and adjusted for comorbidities, using 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of developing such outcomes in PD patients.ResultsIn total, 4046 PD patients and 16 184 non‐PD patients were followed over time. The PD patients demonstrated the following incidence rates and hazard ratios in comparison to the control cohort for accidental injuries: all injuries, 19.78 per 100 person‐years (100 PYs), adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.30 (95% CI 1.24–1.36); head injury, 2.95 per 100 PYs, HR 1.88 (95% CI 1.64–2.15); bone fracture and dislocation, 4.61 per 100 PYs, HR 1.39 (95% CI 1.25–1.54); burns, 0.66 per 100 PYs, HR 1.01 (95% CI 0.78–1.32); injury to spinal cord, plexus and nerves, 0.15 per 100 PYs, HR 1.25 (95% CI 0.72–2.17); superficial injuries and contusions, 11.41 per 100 PYs, HR 1.20 (95% CI 1.12–1.27). The injury risk for the 69–79 years age group in PD compared with controls of the same age (HR 1.38) was significantly higher compared with that of the 50–69 age groups in PD and controls (HR 1.16).ConclusionsParkinson disease patients demonstrate a significantly elevated risk of developing all accidental injury types except burn injuries and injuries to spinal cord, plexus and nerves, compared with age‐matched controls. The risk increases as age increases.
The influence of iron, siderophores and refractory DOM on cyanobacterial biomass in oligotrophic lakes
Authors: Sorichetti Ryan J. , Creed Irena F. , Trick Charles G. 
Published: March 2014

Summary

Our conceptual understanding of factors that promote cyanobacterial growth is inadequate in the face of rising public concern about cyanobacterial blooms in oligotrophic freshwater lakes.

We hypothesised that cyanobacterial density would be highest in lakes with low levels of phosphorus (P), nitrogen (N), total dissolved iron (TDFe) and dissolved organic matter (DOM) with labile properties, where cyanobacteria use siderophores to scavenge Fe and overcome Fe limitation. We tested this hypothesis by measuring cyanobacterial density during peak biomass in 25 oligotrophic lakes representing gradients in total P (TP), nitrate, TDFe and DOM concentrations.

Total phytoplankton biomass, using chlorophyll‐a (chl‐a) as a proxy, was a function of TP (r2 = 0.83, P < 0.001). Cyanobacterial density was highest in lakes with low chl‐a, low TP, variable (low and high) nitrate and low TDFe. Regression tree analysis confirmed that TDFe, specifically low concentrations (<3.2 μg L−1), gave rise to the highest cyanobacterial densities in lakes.

All lakes had detectable concentrations of hydroxamate and/or catecholate siderophores. In lakes with relatively low TDFe (<3.2 μg L−1), cyanobacterial density was positively correlated with hydroxamate siderophore concentration (r2 = 0.77, P = 0.01). In lakes with higher TDFe (≥3.2 μg L−1), cyanobacterial density was positively correlated with nitrate (r2 = 0.84, P < 0.001) and ammonium (r2 = 0.75, P < 0.001) concentrations.

Dissolved organic matter may have an overriding control on cyanobacterial density, with cyanobacterial densities typically highest where DOM concentrations were low (<5 mg L−1) and with a humification index <5. These findings suggest that DOM with labile properties may allow cyanobacteria to gain access to Fe complexed with DOM and thus to overcome Fe limitation, while DOM with refractory properties may bind Fe tightly so that Fe is not readily bioavailable to cyanobacteria.

A new conceptual model is presented that emphasises the potential influence of DOM quantity and quality on the functioning of siderophores and the provision of a supply of Fe to cyanobacteria in lakes with low macronutrient supply.
Effects on river macroinvertebrate communities of tsunami propagation after the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake
Authors: Watanabe Kozo , Yaegashi Sakiko , Tomozawa Hiro , Koshimura Shunichi , Omura Tatsuo 
Published: March 2014

Summary

The 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake generated extreme tsunami waves that entered river mouths, causing strong and long‐distance propagation along the water corridors. This study reports the first empirical survey of this rare and extreme ecological impact of tsunami propagation on river communities.

We sampled macroinvertebrate communities at 15 river sites on the Sendai Plain in Northeast Japan along a gradient of tsunami disturbance intensity [i.e. altitude: range = 1–29 m above sea level (a.s.l.)] two and 16 months after the earthquake. In comparison with data collected before the tsunami, we found evidence of significant reductions in taxon richness (−54% on average) and total abundance (−91%) after the tsunami in inundated river reaches (up to 25 km from the river mouth).

There were large spatial variations in local impacts, with altitudes of 7–9 m a.s.l. separating heavily damaged inundated communities from intact non‐inundated communities.

The degraded communities exhibited variable recovery rates extending beyond 16 months after the tsunami. Mobility trait analysis revealed a relatively rapid recovery of swimmers (e.g. Baetis), reflecting their high mobility and active drift behaviours in the recolonisation phase.

We observed the rare phenomenon of ‘upstream drift’ of marine worms (Phyllodocidae) to freshwater rivers in three of the 10 inundated sites. These survived in fresh water for up to 14 months, suggesting that some marine‐derived immigrants can persist in fresh water for extended periods.
Commensal symbiosis between agglutinated polychaetes and sulfate‐reducing bacteria
Authors: Guido A. , Mastandrea A. , Rosso A. , Sanfilippo R. , Tosti F. , Riding R. , Russo F. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractPendant bioconstructions occur within submerged caves in the Plemmirio Marine Protected Area in SE Sicily, Italy. These rigid structures, here termed biostalactites, were synsedimentarily lithified by clotted‐peloidal microbial carbonate that has a high bacterial lipid biomarker content with abundant compounds derived from sulfate‐reducing bacteria. The main framework builders are polychaete serpulid worms, mainly Protula with subordinate Semivermilia and Josephella. These polychaetes have lamellar and/or fibrillar wall structure. In contrast, small agglutinated terebellid tubes, which are a minor component of the biostalactites, are discontinuous and irregular with a peloidal micritic microfabric. The peloids, formed by bacterial sulfate reduction, appear to have been utilized by terebellids to construct tubes in an environment where other particulate sediment is scarce. We suggest that the bacteria obtained food from the worms in the form of fecal material and/or from the decaying tissue of surrounding organisms and that the worms obtained peloidal micrite with which to construct their tubes, either as grains and/or as tube encompassing biofilm. Peloidal worm tubes have rarely been reported in the recent but closely resemble examples in the geological record that extend back at least to the early Carboniferous. This suggests a long‐lived commensal relationship between some polychaete worms and heterotrophic, especially sulfate‐reducing, bacteria.
Chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of Stylosanthes guianensis varieties
Authors: Li Mao , Zi Xuejuan , Zhou Hanlin , Hou Guanyu , Cai Yimin 
Published: March 2014

AbstractWe evaluated the nutritive value of 10 varieties of stylo (Stylosanthes guianensis) in Hainan province, China, based on chemical composition and in vitro dry matter digestibility. Chemical composition of the varieties averaged 10.5% crude protein, 2.6% ether extract, 47.4% neutral detergent fiber, 39.7% acid detergent fiber and 0.59% total tannins. In vitro dry matter digestibility averaged 61.4%. The Relative Feed Value quality standard of individual varieties was grade 2 or higher, with the highest values for ‘TPRC90028’ and ‘Reyan No. 2.’ The results show that the stylo varieties have suitable nutritive values for livestock in tropical regions of China.
Geophysical Investigation of Seepage Beneath an Earthen Dam
Authors: Ikard S.J. , Rittgers J. , Revil A. , Mooney M.A. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA hydrogeophysical survey is performed at small earthen dam that overlies a confined aquifer. The structure of the dam has not shown evidence of anomalous seepage internally or through the foundation prior to the survey. However, the surface topography is mounded in a localized zone 150 m downstream, and groundwater discharges from this zone periodically when the reservoir storage is maximum. We use self‐potential and electrical resistivity tomography surveys with seismic refraction tomography to (1) determine what underlying hydrogeologic factors, if any, have contributed to the successful long‐term operation of the dam without apparent indicators of anomalous seepage through its core and foundation; and (2) investigate the hydraulic connection between the reservoir and the seepage zone to determine whether there exists a potential for this success to be undermined. Geophysical data are informed by hydraulic and geotechnical borehole data. Seismic refraction tomography is performed to determine the geometry of the phreatic surface. The hydro‐stratigraphy is mapped with the resistivity data and groundwater flow patterns are determined with self‐potential data. A self‐potential model is constructed to represent a perpendicular profile extending out from the maximum cross‐section of the dam, and self‐potential data are inverted to recover the groundwater velocity field. The groundwater flow pattern through the aquifer is controlled by the bedrock topography and a preferential flow pathway exists beneath the dam. It corresponds to a sandy‐gravel layer connecting the reservoir to the downstream seepage zone.
Characterization of the Arginine Decarboxylase Gene (ORF HP0422, speA) Involved in Acid Tolerance in Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Valenzuela Manuel , Cáceres Aníbal , Almarza Oscar , Bravo Denisse , Soto Sarita , Cerda Oscar , Toledo Héctor 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundHelicobacter pylori is a motile microaerophilic bacterium that colonizes the human stomach. H. pylori infection triggers gastric diseases, such as gastritis, peptic ulcer and gastric cancer. Stomach represents a barrier for microorganism colonization, particularly because of its high hydrochloric acid concentration. The main mechanism developed by H. pylori to maintain intracellular pH homeostasis in this environment is the urease activity. However, urease negative strains can be also isolated from clinical samples, suggesting that H. pylori presents other components involved in acid resistance.ObjectiveHere, we present some evidence that the arginine decarboxylase gene (speA) in H. pylori could be involved in an acid adaptation mechanism similar to the one in Enterobacteriaceae, which is dependent on the presence of arginine.MethodsIndeed, speA mRNA and protein expression are acutely induced by acid stress.ResultsMoreover, we showed that H. pylori uses arginine in an acid response mechanism required for its growth in acid conditions.ConclusionAltogether, these results provide novel information regarding the H. pylori physiology and acid response mechanism.
Laser‐Induced Swelling of Borosilicate Glasses—An Analysis of Associated Microstructural Development
Authors: Cheng Shangcong , Logunov Stephan , Streltsov Alexander 
Published: March 2014

Borosilicate glass swelling by laser irradiation is an unusual phenomenon. The height of raised hemisphere on the swelled glass surface can be approximately 10–15% of the 1–3 mm glass thickness. To understand the mechanism of glass swelling, the micro‐structural information of swelled glasses is essential. Several transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques, including bright field image (BFI), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) analysis, were used to find out the possible microstructure changes of the swelled glasses. Transition metal nanoparticles or alkali metal segregations as well as gas bubbles in the swelled glasses were identified. These observations suggest that reduction of glass components may provide oxygen to form bubbles, which can increase in size due to thermal effects of the laser radiation and lead to the glass swelling.
Impact of pulsed electric fields and post‐mortem vacuum ageing on beef longissimus thoracis muscles
Authors: Faridnia Farnaz , Bekhit Alaa El‐Din A. , Niven Brian , Oey Indrawati 
Published: March 2014

SummaryThe impact of pulsed electric field (PEF) processing (0.2–0.6 kV cm−1, 1–50 Hz, 20 μs) followed by vacuum ageing (1 and 3 days) on the quality traits of beef longissimus thoracis (LT) was assessed. The results show that pH, colour stability (L*, a* and R630/580 values) and cooking loss were unaffected by PEF treatments, whilst moisture content significantly (P < 0.05) decreased by 0.7–3.6%. No significant (P > 0.05) difference was found in shear force between PEF treated and untreated samples. However, the shear force values significantly reduced in response to ageing times regardless of the PEF treatments. After 3 days post‐treatment ageing, the shear force decreased by 20–22% compared to 1 day ageing for all samples. Furthermore, Cryo‐SEM results suggest that PEF treatments have led to more porous tissue structure leading to more water loss. Protein profile was unchanged by PEF treatments applied.
CD14+HLA‐DR low/− monocytes as indicator of disease aggressiveness in B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Khalifa K. A. , Badawy H. M. , Radwan W. M. , Shehata M. A. , Bassuoni M. A. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryIntroductionThis study aimed to assess the correlation between the percentage of CD14+ HLA‐DRlow/− immunosuppressive monocytes, plasma arginase 1 level, and disease aggressiveness in patients with B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma.MethodsForty‐two patients with B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma and 20 healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study. Peripheral blood CD14+ HLA‐DRlow/– monocytes were detected by Flow cytometry, and their correlation with disease relapse and refractoriness was analyzed.ResultsThe percent of CD14+ HLA‐DRlow/− monocytes was significantly higher in the lymphoma patients than in the healthy controls (control, 9.3 ± 4%; lymphoma, 35.8 ± 20.2%; P < 0.0001), higher in stage III& IV than stage II (stage II, 26.48 ± 17%, n = 26; stage III & IV, 50.8 ± 15.4%, n = 16; P < 0.0001), more in diffuse large cell lymphoma than other pathology types and in relapsed/refractory patients than in patients who achieved remission during follow‐up (relapsed/refractory, n = 18, 45.7 ± 16.7%; remission, n = 16, 21.4 ± 16.2%; P < 0.0001). The arginase I level correlated with increased percent of CD14+ HLA‐DRlow/− monocytes (P < 0.0001).ConclusionIncreased CD14+ monocytes with loss of HLA expression were seen in patients with higher stage disease, more aggressive pathology, and in relapse or refractoriness to treatment. Identifying therapeutic strategies to overcome the suppressive properties of these monocytes could be of value.
Clinical implications of clotting screens
Authors: Thorell S. E. , Nash M. J. , Thachil J. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryIntroductionCoagulation screens are performed routinely in every hospital with the notion that an abnormal result will pick up low levels of coagulation factors and thus aid in determining patients' bleeding risk.MethodsWe analysed all the clotting factor assays performed for abnormal clotting screen in a tertiary hospital over a 1‐year period.ResultsIsolated prolongation of prothrombin time (PT) is extremely rarely clinically significant, and there is no correlation with degree of prolongation and factor VII deficiency. One‐third cases of isolated prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) were clinically insignificant, while in the rest, a factor deficiency which may be deemed as a potential risk for bleeding was noted. Prolonged PT and APTT in combination were noted in 38 cases, but in 29 of these patients all the measured clotting factors and fibrinogen were in the normal range.ConclusionAbnormal clotting screens may not always be associated with clinically significant decrease in coagulation factor.
On the Bicentenary in St. Petersburg of Jacob Bernoulli's Theorem
Authors: Seneta Eugene 
Published: March 2014

SummaryWe focus on the Bicentenary (1913) celebrations, organised in St. Petersburg, Russia, by the great probabilist, A. A. Markov, founder of the theory of Markov chains. This theory was stimulated by the need to demonstrate a Law of Large Numbers for sums of dependent random variables. Markov's work on the Law of Large Numbers originating in the celebrations was exposited and extended by S. N. Bernstein and, in English, by J. V. Uspensky, who had played an integral part in the St. Petersburg celebrations. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prevention of dental erosion of a sports drink by nano‐sized hydroxyapatite in situ study
Authors: Min Ji Hyun , Kwon Ho Keun , Kim Baek Il 
Published: March 2014

AimTo evaluate the inhibitory effects of the sports drink containing nano‐sized hydroxyapatite (nano‐HA) on dental erosion in situ.DesignThe study had a single‐blind, two‐treatment crossover design. The two treatment groups were a control group (CG; Powerade only) and an experimental group (EG; 0.25% wt/vol nano‐HA was added to Powerade). Ten subjects wore removable palatal appliances containing bovine enamel specimens. The appliances were immersed in each drink for 10 mins, 4 times a day for 10 days. The tooth surface microhardness (SMH) was tested, and the erosion depth and the morphology of the tooth surface were observed. The data were analysed by repeated measures anova and t‐test.ResultsBetween the baseline and the 10th day, SMH was decreased by 80% in the specimens of the CG (P < 0.001), whereas there was only a 6% decrease in the SMH of the specimens in the EG. An erosion depth of 12.70 ± 4.66 μm and an irregular tooth surface were observed on the 10th day in the specimens of the CG. No dental erosions, however, was observed in the specimens of the EG.ConclusionsThe sports drink containing 0.25% nano‐HA was effective in preventing dental erosion in situ.
Depth of cure of sealants polymerized with high‐power light emitting diode curing lights
Authors: Kitchens Brandon , Wells Martha , Tantbirojn DARANEE , Versluis Antheunis 
Published: March 2014

ObjectiveTo determine whether recommended short curing times of three high‐power light emitting diode (LED) curing lights are sufficient to polymerize sealant materials.MethodsOpaque‐unfilled sealant (Delton LC Opaque), opaque‐filled sealant (UltraSeal XT plus), and clear‐filled sealant (FluroShield) were light cured in a covered slot‐mold using the manufacturers' shortest recommended curing times with three high‐power LED lights (3‐s VALO, 5‐s Fusion, 10‐s Smartlite). A 40‐s cure with a quartz‐tungsten halogen (QTH) light was used as control. Vickers hardness was measured 24 h after curing at the sealant surface and through the depth (0.5 mm increments) (N = 10). Results were analyzed with two‐way anova (pair‐wise multiple comparisons, significance level 0.05).ResultsThe high‐power LEDs did not cure the sealants as deep as the QTH. Delton LC Opaque showed the least depth of cure as hardness values beyond a depth of 0.5 mm were not measurable regardless of the curing light. Even for UltraSeal XT plus, when surface hardness was about the same with all lights, hardness decreased more rapidly with depth for the LEDs. FluroShield showed the slowest decline in hardness through the depth for all lights.ConclusionsManufacturers' recommendations for shortest possible curing time with high‐power LEDs were not sufficient for adequate polymerization of the tested sealants.
Health economic benefits of cyanoacrylate skin protectants in the management of superficial skin lesions
Authors: Woo Kevin Y. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractSuperficial skin damages, including stage II pressure ulcer, skin tears and moisture‐associated skin damages (MASDs) are common and constitute a significant disease burden to the health care system. A cost analysis was conducted by comparing a cyanoacrylate barrier film with routine care in the treatment of superficial skin damages in a chronic care facility. The analysis included 12 patients: four patients with stage II pressure ulcers, six with MASD and two with skin tears. Cost analysis was conducted comparing the cost of care 7 days before and 7 days after the acrylate barrier was used. The total cost took into consideration the time, products and supplies required to manage the skin problem.