bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Landing Biomechanics Between Male and Female Dancers and Athletes, Part 1
Authors: Orishimo Karl F. , Liederbach Marijeanne , Kremenic Ian J. , Hagins Marshall , Pappas Evangelos 
Published: March 2014

Background: The incidence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries among dancers is much lower than among team sport athletes, and no clear disparity between sexes has been reported in the dance population. Although numerous studies have observed differences in landing biomechanics of the lower extremity between male and female team sport athletes, there is currently little research examining the landing biomechanics of male and female dancers and none comparing athletes to dancers. Comparing the landing biomechanics within these populations may help explain the lower overall ACL injury rates and lack of sex disparity. Hypothesis: The purpose was to compare the effects of sex and group (dancer vs team sport athlete) on single-legged drop-landing biomechanics. The primary hypothesis was that female dancers would perform a drop-landing task without demonstrating typical sex-related risk factors associated with ACL injuries. A secondary hypothesis was that female team sport athletes would display typical ACL risk factors during the same task. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Kinematics and kinetics were recorded as 40 elite modern and ballet dancers (20 men and 20 women) and 40 team sport athletes (20 men and 20 women) performed single-legged drop landings from a 30-cm platform. Joint kinematics and kinetics were compared between groups and sexes with a group-by-sex multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) followed by pairwise t tests. Results: Dancers of both sexes and male team sport athletes landed similarly in terms of frontal-plane knee alignment, whereas female team sport athletes landed with a significantly greater peak knee valgus ( P = .007). Female dancers were found to have a lower hip adduction torque than those of the other 3 groups ( P = .003). Dancers (male and female) exhibited a lower trunk side flexion ( P = .002) and lower trunk forward flexion ( P = .032) compared with team sport athletes. Conclusion: In executing a 30-cm drop landing, female team sport athletes displayed a greater knee valgus than did the other 3 groups. Dancers exhibited better trunk stability than did athletes. Clinical Relevance: These biomechanical findings may provide insight into the cause of the epidemiological differences in ACL injuries between dancers and athletes and the lack of a sex disparity within dancers.
Optical coherence tomography and visual evoked potentials: which is more sensitive in multiple sclerosis?
Authors: Di Maggio Giovanni , Santangelo Roberto , Guerrieri Simone , Bianco Mariangela , Ferrari Laura , Medaglini Stefania , Rodegher Mariaemma , Colombo Bruno , Moiola Lucia , Chieffo Raffaella , Del Carro Ubaldo , Martinelli Vittorio , Comi Giancarlo , Leocani Letizia 
Published: March 2014

Objective: To assess the sensitivity of optic coherence tomography (OCT) and visual evoked potentials (VEPs) to visual pathway abnormalities in multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods: A total of 40 MS subjects, 28 with optic neuritis (ON) at least 3 months before (bilateral in 5), underwent assessment of visual acuity, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), OCT and VEPs, the latter quantified with a 0–4 conventional score. Results: OCT and VEPs were abnormal in 36% and 56% respectively in all eyes ( p=0.11), 68% and 86% in eyes with previous ON ( p=0.12), and in 19% versus 40% in eyes without ON history ( p=0.007). Combining VEP and OCT increased sensitivity to 89% in ON and 44% in non-ON eyes. Considering all eyes, global retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness and VEP score were significantly correlated between them (ρ=−0.63, p<0.001) and with EDSS (RNFL: ρ=0.40, p<0.001; VEP score: ρ=0.47, p<0.001). Disease duration correlated with VEP score (ρ=0.25, p=0.025) and RNFL thickness (ρ=−0.71, p<0.001). Conclusions: In eyes without ON, VEPs were more frequently abnormal than OCT, while the two techniques showed similar sensitivity in eyes previously affected by ON. The correlation of VEPs and OCT measures with disability prompts further exploration of the two techniques as potential markers of disease burden.
Effects of telmisartan on lipid metabolisms and proinflammatory factors secretion of differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes
Authors: Kang Chen , Yijun Li , Jingtao Dou , Changyu Pan , Wenhua Yan , Baoan Wang , Fangling Ma , Xianling Wang , Guoqing Yang , Yiming Mu , Juming Lu 
Published: March 2014

Aim: To investigate the effect of telmisartan on the lipometabolisms and the proinflammatory factors secreted from 3T3-L1 adipocytes and to explore the possible mechanisms. Materials and methods: Telmisartan was applied to interfere with mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The culture’s free fatty acids, interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) were evaluated. Oil Red O staining was used to determine the adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. 18F-FDG uptake levels corrected for protein content were determined by cellular radioactivity. The total RNA was isolated for hybridization experimentation in the microarray. Results: Telmisartan reduced lipid storage and increased 18F-FDG uptake in a dose-dependent manner, reduced the levels of IL-6 and TNFα and increased those of free fatty acids. One hundred and fifty-seven differentially expressed genes were found by microarray. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway involved in the secretion of proinflammatory factor and lipid metabolisms was affected by telmisartan. The expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthetase gene 3 (Nos3) and carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1α (CPT1α) was up-regulated by telmisartan. Conclusions: Telmisartan affected lipometabolisms and the proinflammatory factors secreted from adipocytes. Nos3, CPT1α and the MAPK pathway being affected by telmisartan may be the underlying cause of the improvement in lipid metabolisms and secretion of proinflammatory factors of differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
Angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion gene polymorphism is associated with dermatomyositis
Authors: Shinjo Samuel K , Uno Miyuki , Oba-Shinjo Sueli M , Marie Suely KN 
Published: March 2014

Background and objective: The cornerstone of dermatomyositis (DM) pathogenesis involves vascular disturbance that leads to hypoxia, capillary necrosis and muscle perifascicular atrophy. Hence, the hypothesis is that the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D) gene polymorphism could be associated with susceptibility to DM. Method: A single centre, case control study that genotyped ACE gene in 88 DM and 99 healthy individuals. The ACE gene polymorphism was determined by melting curve analysis of real-time polymerase chain reaction products using SYBR Green. Results: The DM and the control subjects had a comparable mean age, gender frequency and ethnicity. The frequency of the D allele was higher in DM than in the control individuals (63.6% vs 55.6%, respectively). The DM had more ACE D/D and less ACE I/D genotype when compared to the control individuals, whereas the ACE I/I genotype distribution was similar in both case and control groups. Moreover, after sex-age-adjusted analysis, the ACE D/D genotype was strongly associated with DM disease (odds ratio (OR) 2.44, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.17–4.37), in contrast to ACE I/D genotype (OR 0.51, 95% CI: 0.28–0.93). Conclusions: Homozygous ACE D/D was associated significantly with the DM risk. Further investigations are required to clarify and to confirm the association of these genes with DM susceptibility.
Binding of prorenin to (pro)renin receptor induces the proliferation of human umbilical artery smooth muscle cells via ROS generation and ERK1/2 activation
Authors: Liu Feng Y , Liu Xiao Y , Zhang Li J , Cheng Yun P , Jiang Yi N 
Published: March 2014

Introduction: Since the discovery of the (pro)renin receptor (PRR), it has been considered as a novel bioactive molecule of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS). The activation of PRR can elicit a series of angiotensin II (AngII)-independent effects. Materials and methods: In this study, we investigated the effects of prorenin and PRR on the proliferation of human umbilical artery smooth muscle (HUASM) cells and explored the possible mechanisms underlying these effects. Results: The binding of prorenin to PRR can promote proliferation and upregulate the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and downregulate the pro-apoptotic protein Bax independently of AngII in HUASM cells. In addition, the binding of prorenin to PRR can also increase the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) independently of AngII. The pretreatment of HUASM cells with an NADPH oxidase inhibitor DPI decreased the production of ROS and also decreased the phosphorylation of ERK1/2. Furthermore, pretreatment of HUASM cells with DPI and the ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 significantly attenuated the prorenin-induced proliferation and regulation of apoptosis factors. Conclusion: Binding of prorenin to PRR can induce HUASM cell proliferation via the ROS generation and ERK1/2 activation.
Work-based assessments: making the transition from participation to engagement
Authors: Swayamprakasam Anand Prakash , Segaran Ashvina , Allery Lynne 
Published: March 2014

Summary Work-based assessments (WBAs) were only recently introduced into medicine. However, since their introduction, they have rapidly grown in popularity. WBAs are now a routine part of medical training. As WBAs are being implemented, the practical difficulties with their use have come to light. A major problem is failure of the trainees, trainers and training programmes to adequately engage with them. In this review, the reasons for this and how these can be overcome are discussed.
A nationwide analysis of successful litigation claims in neurological practice
Authors: Coysh Thomas , Breen David P 
Published: March 2014

Objectives Neurological practice has previously been highlighted as a high-risk speciality with regard to malpractice claims. We set out to study the nature of these claims in order to inform physicians about hazardous areas within their speciality and potentially alter clinical practice. Design Nationwide retrospective analysis of successful neurology and neurosurgery claims over a 17-year period. Setting We studied all successful claims occurring between 1995 and 2012 using the NHS Litigation Authority database, which collects data on claims made against clinicians practising in England and Wales. Participants Four hundred and twenty-three successful claims were identified during the study period. Main outcome measures The errors involved, the patient groups affected, the resulting mortality and the litigation payments. Results 63.1% of claims were due to negligence in neurosurgical care, whilst 36.9% were due to negligence in neurological care. Litigation payments were significantly higher in neurosurgery compared to neurology cases. Diagnostic error was the most common cause of litigation. The disease categories with the highest numbers of successful litigation claims were spinal pathology, cerebrovascular disease including subarachnoid haemorrhage, intracranial tumours, hydrocephalus and neuropathy/neuromuscular disease. Conclusions This is the first study of successful litigation claims against the NHS for negligent neurological or neurosurgical care and provides data to help reduce risk and improve patient safety.
Listeria meningitis and resultant symptomatic hydrocephalus complicating infliximab treatment for ulcerative colitis
Authors: Rana Fahd , Shaikh Muddassir Muhammad , Bowles Jane 
Published: March 2014

Lesson Listeria monocytogenes, an uncommon pathogen, should be considered by clinicians as a source of sepsis and meningitis in the immunocompromised individuals, including those on anti-TNF alpha agents. Immunosuppressant agents including biologic therapies have transformed the management of various rheumatological and dermatological conditions. 1 We report a case of life-threatening L. monocytogenes sepsis and meningitis in a 75-year-old man receiving infliximab for severe ulcerative colitis (UC).
Pretransplant administration of imatinib for allo-HSCT in patients with BCR-ABL–positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Mizuta Shuichi , Matsuo Keitaro , Nishiwaki Satoshi , Imai Kiyotoshi , Kanamori Heiwa , Ohashi Kazuteru , Fukuda Takahiro , Onishi Yasushi , Miyamura Koichi , Takahashi Satoshi , Onizuka Makoto , Atsuta Yoshiko , Suzuki Ritsuro , Morishima Yasuo , Kato Koji , Sakamaki Hisashi , Tanaka Junji 
Published: March 2014

Key Points
Pretransplant imatinib improved both relapse and nonrelapse mortality in patients with BCR-ABL–positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
Assessing signatures of selection through variation in linkage disequilibrium between taurine and indicine cattle
Authors: Pérez O’Brien Ana M , Utsunomiya Yuri T , Mészáros Gábor , Bickhart Derek M , Liu George E , Van Tassell Curtis P , Sonstegard Tad S , Da Silva Marcos VB , Garcia José Fernando , Sölkner Johann 
Published: March 2014

Abstract

Background
Signatures of selection are regions in the genome that have been preferentially increased in frequency and fixed in a population because of their functional importance in specific processes. These regions can be detected because of their lower genetic variability and specific regional linkage disequilibrium (LD) patterns.

Methods
By comparing the differences in regional LD variation between dairy and beef cattle types, and between indicine and taurine subspecies, we aim at finding signatures of selection for production and adaptation in cattle breeds. The VarLD method was applied to compare the LD variation in the autosomal genome between breeds, including Angus and Brown Swiss, representing taurine breeds, and Nelore and Gir, representing indicine breeds. Genomic regions containing the top 0.01 and 0.1 percentile of signals were characterized using the UMD3.1 Bos taurus genome assembly to identify genes in those regions and compared with previously reported selection signatures and regions with copy number variation.

Results
For all comparisons, the top 0.01 and 0.1 percentile included 26 and 165 signals and 17 and 125 genes, respectively, including TECRL, BT.23182 or FPPS, CAST, MYOM1, UVRAG and DNAJA1.

Conclusions
The VarLD method is a powerful tool to identify differences in linkage disequilibrium between cattle populations and putative signatures of selection with potential adaptive and productive importance.
Does Pomegranate intake attenuate cardiovascular risk factors in hemodialysis patients?
Authors: Shema-Didi Lilach , Kristal Batya , Sela Shifra , Geron Ronit , Ore Liora 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundAtherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality among hemodialysis (HD) patients. It has been attributed, among other causes, to hypertension and dyslipidemia. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of a year-long consumption of Pomegranate juice (PJ), on two traditional cardiovascular (CV) risk factors: hypertension and lipid profile, as well as on cardiovascular events.Methods101 HD patients were randomized to receive 100 cc of PJ (0.7 mM polyphenols) or matching placebo juice, three times a week for one year. The primary endpoints were traditional CV risk factors; blood pressure and lipid profile. Systolic, diastolic and pulse pressure, plasma levels of triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and total cholesterol were monitored quarterly during the study year. Secondary endpoint was incidence of cardiovascular events.ResultsPJ consumption yielded a significant time response improvement in systolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, triglycerides and HDL level; an improvement that was not observed in the placebo intake group. These beneficial outcomes were more pronounced among patients with hypertension, high level of triglycerides and low levels of HDL.ConclusionRegular PJ consumption by HD patients reduced systolic blood pressure and improved lipid profile. These favorable changes may reduce the accelerated atherosclerosis and high incidence of CVD among HD patients.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov registry, Identifier number:NCT00727519
Development of an aptamer-conjugated fluorescent nanoprobe for MMP2
Authors: Han Myoung-Eun , Baek Sungmin , Kim Hyun-Jung , Lee Jung Hwan , Ryu Sung-Ho , Oh Sae-Ock 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) plays critical roles in various diseases, such as atherosclerosis and cancer, and has been suggested to contribute to the instability of atherosclerotic plaque. To visualize MMP2 in pathologic tissues, we developed an aptamer targeting MMP2 protein by performing eight rounds of modified DNA systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX). The aptamer showed high affinity for MMP2 (K
d = 5.59 nM), precipitated MMP2, and detected MMP2 protein in pathological tissues such as atherosclerotic plaque and gastric cancer tissues. Furthermore, a MMP2 aptamer-conjugated fluorescent nanoprobe successfully visualized atherosclerotic plaques in apolipoprotein E (ApoE) knockout mice. These results suggest that the devised MMP2 aptamer could be useful for the development of various diagnostic tools.
A cohort study on the incidence and outcome of pulmonary embolism in trauma and orthopedic patients
Authors: Gudipati Suribabu , Fragkakis Evangelos M , Ciriello Vincenzo , Harrison Simon J , Stavrou Petros Z , Kanakaris Nikolaos K , West Robert M , Giannoudis Peter V 
Published: March 2014

Abstract

Background
This study aims to determine the incidence of pulmonary embolism (PE) in trauma and orthopedic patients within a regional tertiary referral center and its association with the pattern of injury, type of treatment, co-morbidities, thromboprophylaxis and mortality.

Methods
All patients admitted to our institution between January 2010 and December 2011, for acute trauma or elective orthopedic procedures, were eligible to participate in this study. Our cohort was formed by identifying all patients with clinical features of PE who underwent Computed Tomography-Pulmonary Angiogram (CT-PA) to confirm or exclude the clinical suspicion of PE, within six months after the injury or the surgical procedure.
Case notes and electronic databases were reviewed retrospectively to identify each patient’s venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk factors, type of treatment, thromboprophylaxis and mortality.

Results
Out of 18,151 patients admitted during the study period only 85 (0.47%) patients developed PE (positive CT-PA) (24 underwent elective surgery and 61 sustained acute trauma). Of these, only 76% of the patients received thromboprophylaxis. Hypertension, obesity and cardiovascular disease were the most commonly identifiable risk factors. In 39% of the cases, PE was diagnosed during the in-hospital stay. The median time of PE diagnosis, from the date of injury or the surgical intervention was 23 days (range 1 to 312). The overall mortality rate was 0.07% (13/18,151), but for those who developed PE it was 15.29% (13/85). Concomitant deep venous thrombosis (DVT) was identified in 33.3% of patients. The presence of two or more co-morbidities was significantly associated with the incidence of mortality (unadjusted odds ratio (OR) = 3.52, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.34, 18.99), P = 0.034). Although there was also a similar clinical effect size for polytrauma injury on mortality (unadjusted OR = 1.90 (0.38, 9.54), P = 0.218), evidence was not statistically significant for this factor.

Conclusions
The incidence of VTE was comparable to previously reported rates, whereas the mortality rate was lower. Our local protocols that comply with the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidelines in the UK appear to be effective in preventing VTE and reducing mortality in trauma and orthopedic patients.
Spinal dermoid sinus in a Dachshund with vertebral and thoracic limb malformations
Authors: Barrios Natasha , Gómez Marcelo , Mieres Marcelo , Vera Frank , Alvial Genaro 
Published: March 2014

Abstract

Background
Dermoid sinus is an uncommon epithelial-lined fistula that may be associated with vertebral malformations. In humans, Klippel-Feil syndrome (KFS) is a rare condition characterized by congenital cervical vertebral fusion and may be associated with other developmental defects, including dermoid sinus. The present case report describes an adult Dachshund with cervical and cranial thoracic vertebral malformations as well as thoracic limb malformations resembling KFS with a concurrent type IV dermoid sinus.

Case presentation
A 1.5 year-old Dachshund with congenital thoracic limbs deformities and cervical-thoracic vertebral malformations presented with cervical hyperesthesia, rigidity of the cervical musculature and tetraparesis. Neurologic, radiographic, and computed tomography (CT) (2D, 3D, CT fistulography) examinations revealed skeletal anomalies, a dermoid sinus in the cranial thoracic region and epidural gas within the vertebral canal. Surgical resection and histopathological evaluation of the sinus tract were performed and confirmed a type IV dermoid sinus. The clinical signs progressively recovered postoperatively, and no recurrent signs were observed after 6 months of follow-up.

Conclusions
Cervical vertebral malformations associated with limbs anomalies have not been reported in dogs and may represent a condition similar to KFS in humans. KFS can occur concurrently with other congenital conditions including dermoid sinus and should be included among the complex congenital anomalies described in dogs.
Hypoxia-conditioned media allows species-specific attraction of bone marrow stromal cells without need for recombinant proteins
Authors: Gabrielyan Anastasia , Knaak Sven , Gelinsky Michael , Arnhold Stefan , Rösen-Wolff Angela 
Published: March 2014

Abstract

Background
In vivo tissue regeneration depends on migration of stem cells into injured areas, their differentiation into specific cell types, and their interaction with other cells that are necessary to generate new tissue. Human mesenchymal stem cells, a subset of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), can migrate and differentiate into osteoblasts in bone tissue. This can be facilitated by recombinant growth factors and cytokines. In many animal species, the availability of genomic sequences, recombinant proteins, and/or antibodies is limited so that new approaches are needed to generate resources that facilitate migration of stem cells into tissue defect areas. Here we used bone marrow stromal cells of human, ovine, equine, and canine origin to generate hypoxia-conditioned media (HCM) in order to attract BMSCs of the respective species in migration assays.

Results
We show that HCM contain attractors even more potent than vascular endothelial growth factor and can therefore be used in many animal species without the need for purified proteins.

Conclusion
Generation of HCM is easy and cheap compared to preparation and purification of protein fractions and/or recombinant proteins. Hence, HCM could be applied in large animals (e.g. sheep, horse, dogs) for attraction of BMSCs into tissue defects caused by tumor resection or trauma.