bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Melatonin and Seasonal Synchrony in Mammals
Authors: Hazlerigg David G. , Simonneaux Valérie , Dardente Hugues 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTIn mammals, seasonal opportunities and challenges are anticipated through programmed changes in physiology and behavior. Appropriate anticipatory timing depends on synchronization to the external solar year, achieved through the use of day length (photoperiod) as a synchronizing signal. In mammals, nocturnal production of melatonin by the pineal gland is the key hormonal mediator of photoperiodic change, exerting its effects via the hypothalamopituitary axis. In this review/perspective, we consider the key developments during the history of research into the seasonal synchronizer effect of melatonin, highlighting the role that the pars tuberalis–tanycyte module plays in this process. We go on to consider downstream pathways, which include discrete hypothalamic neuronal populations. Neurons that express the neuropeptides kisspeptin and (Arg)(Phe)–related peptide‐3 (RFRP‐3) govern seasonal reproductive function while neurons that express somatostatin may be involved in seasonal metabolic adaptations. Finally, we identify several outstanding questions, which need to be addressed to provide a much thorough understanding of the deep impact of melatonin upon seasonal synchronization.
Proteomic and phosphoproteomic analysis of a Haematococcus pluvialis (Chlorophyceae) mutant with a higher heterotrophic cell division rate reveals altered pathways involved in cell proliferation and nutrient partitioning
Authors: Ramarui Kyarii , Zhong Jun , Li Yantao 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHaematococcus pluvialis has been used to produce the ketocarotenoid antioxidant, astaxanthin. Currently, heterotrophic cultivation of H. pluvialis is limited by slow growth rates. This work aimed to address this challenge by exploring the mechanisms of acetate metabolism in Haematococcus. Chemical mutagenesis and screening identified H. pluvialis strain KREMS 23D‐3 that achieved up to a 34.9% higher cell density than the wild type when grown heterotrophically on acetate. An integrative proteomics and phosphoproteomics approach was employed to quantify 4955 proteins and 5099 phosphorylation sites from 2505 phosphoproteins in the wild‐type and mutant strains of H. pluvialis. Among them, 12 proteins were significantly upregulated and 22 significantly downregulated in the mutant while phosphoproteomic analysis identified 143 significantly upregulated phosphorylation sites on 106 proteins and 130 downregulated phosphorylation sites on 114 proteins. Upregulation of anaphase‐promoting complex phosphoproteins and downregulation of a putative cell cycle division 20 phosphoprotein in the mutant suggests rapid mitotic progression, coinciding with higher cell division rates. Upregulated coproporphyrinogen oxidase and phosphorylated magnesium chelatase in the mutant demonstrated altered nitrogen partitioning toward chlorophyll biosynthesis. The large proportion of differentially expressed phosphoproteins suggests phosphorylation is a key regulator for protein expression and activity in Haematococcus. Taken together, this study reveals the regulation of interrelated acetate metabolic pathways in H. pluvialis and provides protein targets that may guide future strain engineering work.
Dimensionality and cross‐language invariance of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index among Indian adolescents and adults
Authors: Pandey Ashutosh , Tripathi Vishnukant , Shukla Meenakshi , Pandey Rakesh 
Published: August 2024

SummarySleep quality, key to physical and mental health, requires regular assessment in clinical and non‐clinical settings. Despite widespread use, the dimensionality of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) is debated, and its Hindi version's factor structure remains unexplored. Our study evaluates the PSQI's dimensionality among Indian adolescents and adults aiming to demonstrate cross‐language (Hindi and English) invariance of its factor structure. The PSQI showed satisfactory item reliability, and a best‐fitting two‐factor model: “sleep efficiency” (comprising sleep duration and habitual sleep efficiency), and “perceived sleep quality” (comprising remaining five PSQI components). This model showed configural invariance across age groups, sexes, and languages. Metric invariance was noted across age groups, but a partial metric non‐invariance was observed across languages and sexes as reflected by differences in factor loadings. The second‐order factor structure model had an excellent fit indicating the usefulness of aggregate scores of the two factors as a single index of sleep quality. Our findings better support a two‐factor structure of sleep quality (both for English and Hindi versions of PSQI) in India. However, further validation in diverse clinical and non‐clinical samples is warranted.
Commercially‐produced infant and toddler foods—How healthy are they? An evaluation of products sold in Australian supermarkets
Authors: Dunford Elizabeth K. , Scully Maree , Coyle Daisy 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn response to the need for better guidance and regulation for commercially produced infant and toddler foods and beverages, the WHO Regional Office for Europe published a Nutrient and Promotion Profile Model (hereafter NPPM) in 2022. This study assessed the nutritional and promotional profile of infant and toddler foods (for ages 6–36 months) sold in Australian supermarkets in 2022 using the NPPM. The main types of claims used for product promotion were also examined and results were presented by category and by packaging type. Nutrient and claims data were extracted for commercially produced infant and toddler products from The George Institute's FoodSwitch database. Products were classified according to NPPM food categories and assessed against relevant nutritional and promotional requirements. Of the 309 products examined, 78% failed to meet the nutritional requirements of the NPPM, and 0% met the promotional requirements. Every product had at least one claim on‐pack that was prohibited under the NPPM, with some products displaying up to 21 different claims on‐pack. Pouches had the highest number of prohibited claims of all packaging types. Findings highlight that urgent work is needed to improve the nutritional quality of commercially produced infant and toddler foods in Australia. The high use of prohibited claims also suggests the need to regulate the type and number of claims that can be made on‐pack, as parents and carers could easily be misled by the deceptive labelling that is currently allowed to be displayed.
Implementation lead nurses to lead EBP quality improvement project using the PEACE framework
Authors: Aljuaid Jamil , Al‐Moteri Modi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractImplementing evidence‐based practice (EBP) in clinical practice is an ongoing challenge for nurses. EQUIP—Evidence‐based QUality Improvement Project— is a multiphase project aimed at equipping nurses with the essential skills to implement EBP and advanced nursing practice. EQUIP embraces the assumption that implementation science models and partnership models can facilitate the implementation process of EBP, leading to successful and sustainable change. The current study is one of the EQUIP feasibility investigations in which the perspective of 12 implementation lead nurses (IL nurses) who attended a 1‐day PEACE‐based workshop was explored. Thematic analysis identified 2 overarching themes, 6 themes, and 18 subthemes. The first overarching theme showed that the PEACE‐based workshop has successfully achieved its intended training implications, and the second overarching theme gave insight into factors that may influence the role of IL nurses. IL nurses reported general satisfaction and willingness to use the PEACE model at work; however, some IL nurses found Step 3 difficult to apply. The study's findings provide evidence of the perceived usefulness of adopting the PEACE model as an augmented approach in the EQUIP and the interest and enthusiasm of IL nurses in receiving more training on the implementation process of EBP.
The StPti5 ethylene response factor acts as a susceptibility factor by negatively regulating the potato immune response to pathogens
Authors: Coll Anna , Lukan Tjaša , Stare Katja , Zagorščak Maja , Mahkovec Povalej Tjaša , Baebler Špela , Prat Salomé , Coll Núria Sánchez , Valls Marc , Petek Marko , Gruden Kristina 
Published: August 2024

Summary

Ethylene response factors (ERFs) have been associated with biotic stress in Arabidopsis, while their function in non‐model plants is still poorly understood. Here we investigated the role of potato ERF StPti5 in plant immunity.

We show that StPti5 acts as a susceptibility factor. It negatively regulates potato immunity against potato virus Y and Ralstonia solanacearum, pathogens with completely different modes of action, and thereby has a different role than its orthologue in tomato. Remarkably, StPti5 is destabilised in healthy plants via the autophagy pathway and accumulates exclusively in the nucleus upon infection. We demonstrate that StEIN3 and StEIL1 directly bind the StPti5 promoter and activate its expression, while synergistic activity of the ethylene and salicylic acid pathways is required for regulated StPti expression.

To gain further insight into the mode of StPti5 action in attenuating potato defence responses, we investigated transcriptional changes in salicylic acid deficient potato lines with silenced StPti5 expression. We show that StPti5 regulates the expression of other ERFs and downregulates the ubiquitin‐proteasome pathway as well as several proteases involved in directed proteolysis.

This study adds a novel element to the complex puzzle of immune regulation, by deciphering a two‐level regulation of ERF transcription factor activity in response to pathogens.
First‐line managers´ perceptions of missed nursing care in community health care for older people–A phenomenographic study
Authors: Andersson Ingrid , Eklund Anna Josse , Nilsson Jan , Bååth Carina 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntroductionFirst‐line managers in Swedish communities have responsibility for that care to older people is provided, staffing is sufficient and the budget is balanced in their unit. It is a struggle with limited resources due to a growing population in need of care. This can lead to missed nursing care. The aim was to describe first‐line managers´ perceptions of missed nursing care in community health care for older people.MethodsA qualitative design with a phenomenographic approach, interviewing 24 first‐line managers. Ethics approval for the study was received from the Research Ethics Committee at Karlstad University (Dnr HNT 2020/566).ResultsThe results are shown in six descriptive categories containing 15 perceptions. The descriptive categories are ‘occurrence of missed nursing care’, ‘becoming aware of missed nursing care’, ‘reasons for missed nursing care’, ‘missed nursing care has consequences for the older persons’, ‘missed nursing care has consequences for the staff’ and ‘taking action to decrease missed nursing care’.ConclusionsIt is important for first‐line managers to become aware of the existence and reasons for missed nursing, as it has consequences for older people and staff. Managers need to take missed nursing care seriously in order to work with improvements for maintaining good quality of care and patient safety.
Mechanical Deviations in Stride Characteristics During Running in the Severe Intensity Domain Are Associated With a Decline in Muscle Oxygenation
Authors: Chalitsios Christos , Nikodelis Thomas , Mougios Vassilis 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTWe explored the impact of running in the severe intensity domain on running mechanics and muscle oxygenation in competitive runners by investigating the relationship between mechanical deviations from typical stride characteristics and muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2) in the quadriceps muscle. Sixteen youth competitive runners performed an 8‐min exhaustive running test on an outdoor track. Running mechanics were continuously monitored using inertial measurement units. Rectus femoris SmO2 and total hemoglobin (a measure of blood volume) were continuously monitored by near‐infrared spectroscopy. One‐class support vector machine (OCSVM) modeling was employed for subject‐specific analysis of the kinematic data. Statistical analysis included principal component analysis, ANOVA, and correlation analysis. Mechanical deviations from typical stride characteristics increased as the running test progressed. Specifically, the percentage of outliers in the OCSVM model rose gradually from 2.2 ± 0.8% at the start to 43.6 ± 28.2% at the end (p < 0.001, mean ± SD throughout). SmO2 dropped from 74.3 ± 8.4% at baseline to 10.1 ± 6.8% at the end (p < 0.001). A moderate negative correlation (r = −0.61, p = 0.013) was found between the average SmO2 and the percentage of outlier strides during the last 15% of the run. During high‐intensity running, alterations in running biomechanics may occur, linked to decreased quadriceps muscle oxygenation. These parameters highlight the potential of using running kinematics and muscle oxygenation in training to optimize performance and reduce injury risks. Our research contributes to understanding biomechanical and physiological responses to endurance running and emphasizes the importance of individualized monitoring.
How men view stigma, shame, and blame in #MeToo
Authors: Huck Jennifer L. , Homer Megan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined how men respond to #MeToo scenarios alongside perceptions of rape myths and gender equity. It examined social media post reactions of stigma, shame, fear repercussions, victim blaming, truth telling, and real assault belief.MethodsThe sample of 407 male survey participants responded to closed‐ and open‐ended questions in MTurk. Men responded to three #MeToo posts copied from Twitter, which included statements of sexual harassment and assault, to measure perceptions of stigmatization, shame, and victim blame. Variables also measured rape myth acceptance, gender equity ideals, and demographic variables such as race, ethnicity, employment, and relationship status.ResultsThe study demonstrated most men ascribed to rape myths and rape culture in their beliefs, but these beliefs usually did not lead directly to their written responses. The quantitative data showed men who accept rape myths also perceive victims as earning outcomes of shame, stigma, and blame. The qualitative data demonstrated most men supported victims’ posts sharing their #MeToo stories with few harmful, stigmatizing responses.ConclusionMen hold beliefs that might not lead to direct behaviors in responding to #MeToo posts. Additional research must be completed using other survey platforms to gain the male response to victim story sharing.
Deep learning can predict subgenome dominance in ancient but not in neo/synthetic polyploidized genomes
Authors: Guo Zhongwei , Zhang Kang , Cai Chengcheng , Li Xing , Zhang Lingkui , Yang Yinqing , Wang Xiang , Chen Shumin , Zhang Lei , Cheng Feng 
Published: August 2024

SUMMARYDeep learning offers new approaches to investigate the mechanisms underlying complex biological phenomena, such as subgenome dominance. Subgenome dominance refers to the dominant expression and/or biased fractionation of genes in one subgenome of allopolyploids, which has shaped the evolution of a large group of plants. However, the underlying cause of subgenome dominance remains elusive. Here, we adopt deep learning to construct two convolutional neural network (CNN) models, binary expression model (BEM) and homoeolog contrast model (HCM), to investigate the mechanism underlying subgenome dominance using DNA sequence and methylation sites. We apply these CNN models to analyze three representative polyploidization systems, Brassica, Gossypium, and Cucurbitaceae, each with available ancient and neo/synthetic polyploidized genomes. The BEM shows that DNA sequence of the promoter region can accurately predict whether a gene is expressed or not. More importantly, the HCM shows that the DNA sequence of the promoter region predicts dominant expression status between homoeologous gene pairs retained from ancient polyploidizations, thus predicting subgenome dominance associated with these events. However, HCM fails to predict gene expression dominance between new homoeologous gene pairs arising from the neo/synthetic polyploidizations. These results are consistent across the three plant polyploidization systems, indicating broad applicability of our models. Furthermore, the two models based on methylation sites produce similar results. These results show that subgenome dominance is associated with long‐term sequence differentiation between the promoters of homoeologs, suggesting that subgenome expression dominance precedes and is the driving force or even the determining factor for sequence divergence between subgenomes following polyploidization.
LIKE HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN 1 (LHP1) partially inhibits the transcriptional activation of FT by MYB73 and regulates flowering in Arabidopsis
Authors: Chae Jia , Han Seong Ju , Karthik Sivabalan , Kim Hye Jeong , Kim Jee Hye , Yun Hee Rang , Chung Young‐Soo , Sung Sibum , Heo Jae Bok 
Published: August 2024

SUMMARYPolycomb group (PcG) proteins are essential gene repressors in higher eukaryotes. However, how PcG proteins mediate transcriptional regulation of specific genes remains unknown. LIKE HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN 1 (LHP1), as a component of Polycomb Repression Complexes (PRC), epigenetically mediates several plant developmental processes together with PcG proteins. We observed physical interaction between MYB73 and LHP1 in vitro and in vivo. Genetic analysis indicated that myb73 mutants showed slightly late flowering, and the lhp1‐3 myb73‐2 double mutant exhibited delayed flowering and downregulated FT expression compared to lhp1‐3. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and yeast one‐hybrid assays revealed that MYB73 preferentially binds to the FT promoter. Additionally, our protoplast transient assays demonstrated that MYB73 activates to the FT promoter. Interestingly, the LHP1‐MYB73 interaction is necessary to repress the FT promoter, suggesting that the LHP1‐MYB73 interaction prevents FT activation by MYB73 in Arabidopsis. Our results show an example in which a chromatin regulator affects transcriptional regulation by negatively regulating a transcription factor through direct interaction.
Leptothrix ochracea
genomes reveal potential for mixotrophic growth on Fe(II) and organic carbon
Authors: Tothero Gracee K. , Hoover Rene L. , Farag Ibrahim F. , Kaplan Daniel I. , Weisenhorn Pamela , Emerson David , Chan Clara S. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Leptothrix ochracea
creates distinctive iron-mineralized mats that carpet streams and wetlands. Easily recognized by its iron-mineralized sheaths,
L. ochracea
was one of the first microorganisms described in the 1800s. Yet it has never been isolated and does not have a complete genome sequence available, so key questions about its physiology remain unresolved. It is debated whether iron oxidation can be used for energy or growth and if
L. ochracea
is an autotroph, heterotroph, or mixotroph. To address these issues, we sampled
L. ochracea
-rich mats from three of its typical environments (a stream, wetlands, and a drainage channel) and reconstructed nine high-quality genomes of
L. ochracea
from metagenomes. These genomes contain iron oxidase genes
cyc2
and
mtoA,
showing that
L. ochracea
has the potential to conserve energy from iron oxidation. Sox genes confer potential to oxidize sulfur for energy. There are genes for both carbon fixation (RuBisCO) and utilization of sugars and organic acids (acetate, lactate, and formate).
In silico
stoichiometric metabolic models further demonstrated the potential for growth using sugars and organic acids. Metatranscriptomes showed a high expression of genes for iron oxidation; aerobic respiration; and utilization of lactate, acetate, and sugars, as well as RuBisCO, supporting mixotrophic growth in the environment. In summary, our results suggest that
L. ochracea
has substantial metabolic flexibility. It is adapted to iron-rich, organic carbon-containing wetland niches, where it can thrive as a mixotrophic iron oxidizer by utilizing both iron oxidation and organics for energy generation and both inorganic and organic carbon for cell and sheath production.

IMPORTANCE

Winogradsky's observations of
L. ochracea
led him to propose autotrophic iron oxidation as a new microbial metabolism, following his work on autotrophic sulfur-oxidizers. While much culture-based research has ensued, isolation proved elusive, so most work on
L. ochracea
has been based in the environment and in microcosms. Meanwhile, the autotrophic
Gallionella
became the model for freshwater microbial iron oxidation, while heterotrophic and mixotrophic iron oxidation is not well-studied. Ecological studies have shown that
Leptothrix
overtakes
Gallionella
when dissolved organic carbon content increases, demonstrating distinct niches. This study presents the first near-complete genomes of
L. ochracea
, which share some features with autotrophic iron oxidizers, while also incorporating heterotrophic metabolisms. These genome, metabolic modeling, and transcriptome results give us a detailed metabolic picture of how the organism may combine lithoautotrophy with organoheterotrophy to promote Fe oxidation and C cycling and drive many biogeochemical processes resulting from microbial growth and iron oxyhydroxide formation in wetlands.
Identification of YigL as a PLP/PNP phosphatase in
Escherichia coli
Authors: Matsuo Hinano , Yamada Naoki , Hemmi Hisashi , Ito Tomokazu 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

In various organisms, the coenzyme form of vitamin B
6
, pyridoxal phosphate (PLP), is synthesized from pyridoxine phosphate (PNP). Control of PNP levels is crucial for metabolic homeostasis because PNP has the potential to inhibit PLP-dependent enzymes and proteins. Although the only known pathway for PNP metabolism in
Escherichia coli
involves oxidation by PNP oxidase, we detected a strong PNP phosphatase activity in
E. coli
cell lysate. To identify the unknown PNP phosphatase(s), we performed a multicopy suppressor screening using the
E. coli serA pdxH
strain, which displays PNP-dependent conditional lethality. The results showed that overexpression of the
yigL
gene, encoding a putative sugar phosphatase, effectively alleviated the PNP toxicity. Biochemical analysis revealed that YigL has strong phosphatase activity against PNP. A
yigL
mutant exhibited decreased PNP phosphatase activity, elevated intracellular PNP concentrations, and increased PNP sensitivity, highlighting the important role of YigL in PNP homeostasis. YigL also shows reactivity with PLP. The phosphatase activity of PLP in
E. coli
cell lysate was significantly reduced by mutation of
yigL
and nearly abolished by additional mutation of
ybhA
, which encodes putative PLP phosphatase. These results underscore the important contribution of YigL, in combination with YbhA, as a primary enzyme in the dephosphorylation of both PNP and PLP in
E. coli
.

IMPORTANCE

Pyridoxine phosphate (PNP) metabolism is critical for both vitamin B
6
homeostasis and cellular metabolism. In
Escherichia coli
, oxidation of PNP was the only known mechanism for controlling PNP levels. This study uncovered a novel phosphatase-mediated mechanism for PNP homeostasis. Multicopy suppressor screening, kinetic analysis of the enzyme, and knockout/overexpression studies identified YigL as a key PNP phosphatase that contributes to PNP homeostasis when facing elevated PNP concentrations in
E. coli
. This study also revealed a significant contribution of YigL, in combination with YbhA, to PLP metabolism, shedding light on the mechanisms of vitamin B
6
regulation in bacteria.