bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of ectopic pregnancy for reproductive prognosis in next generation
Authors: Kårhus Line Lund , Egerup Pia , Skovlund Charlotte Wessel , Lidegaard Øjvind 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe impact of an ectopic pregnancy in the next generation is unknown. Our aim was to compare reproductive outcomes in daughters of women with and without ectopic pregnancy. Designed as a historical prospective controlled cohort study with data collected in four Danish registries from 1977–2009, women with ectopic pregnancy during 1977–1982 were age‐matched to women without ectopic pregnancy. Daughters of these two cohorts were followed until 2009. We compared 5126 daughters of women with ectopic pregnancy with 19 928 daughters of women without ectopic pregnancy. The daughters of women with ectopic pregnancy had a 1.5‐fold (95% confidence interval 1.2–1.9) increased risk of ectopic pregnancy, while for deliveries this was 1.0 (1.0–1.1), for miscarriages 1.1 (1.0–1.2), and for induced abortions 1.3 (1.2–1.4). Daughters of mothers with ectopic pregnancy have a 50% higher risk of ectopic pregnancy than daughters of women without an ectopic pregnancy, but a normal delivery rate.
A novel gene expression signature in peripheral blood mononuclear cells for early detection of colorectal cancer
Authors: Nichita C. , Ciarloni L. , Monnier‐Benoit S. , Hosseinian S. , Dorta G. , Rüegg C. 
Published: January 2014

SummaryBackgroundEarly detection and treatment of colorectal adenomatous polyps (AP) and colorectal cancer (CRC) is associated with decreased mortality for CRC. However, accurate, non‐invasive and compliant tests to screen for AP and early stages of CRC are not yet available. A blood‐based screening test is highly attractive due to limited invasiveness and high acceptance rate among patients.AimTo demonstrate whether gene expression signatures in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were able to detect the presence of AP and early stages CRC.MethodsA total of 85 PBMC samples derived from colonoscopy‐verified subjects without lesion (controls) (n = 41), with AP (n = 21) or with CRC (n = 23) were used as training sets. A 42‐gene panel for CRC and AP discrimination, including genes identified by Digital Gene Expression‐tag profiling of PBMC, and genes previously characterised and reported in the literature, was validated on the training set by qPCR. Logistic regression analysis followed by bootstrap validation determined CRC‐ and AP‐specific classifiers, which discriminate patients with CRC and AP from controls.ResultsThe CRC and AP classifiers were able to detect CRC with a sensitivity of 78% and AP with a sensitivity of 46% respectively. Both classifiers had a specificity of 92% with very low false‐positive detection when applied on subjects with inflammatory bowel disease (n = 23) or tumours other than CRC (n = 14).ConclusionThis pilot study demonstrates the potential of developing a minimally invasive, accurate test to screen patients at average risk for colorectal cancer, based on gene expression analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from a simple blood sample.
Predictors of persistent villous atrophy in coeliac disease: a population‐based study
Authors: Lebwohl B. , Murray J. A. , Rubio‐Tapia A. , Green P. H. R. , Ludvigsson J. F. 
Published: January 2014

SummaryBackgroundVillous atrophy (VA) with intraepithelial lymphocytosis is the histological hallmark of coeliac disease (CD), but reported rates of mucosal recovery are variable.AimTo determine the impact of age and other demographic variables on the probability of persistent VA on follow‐up biopsy.MethodsWe identified patients with VA on duodenal histology at all 28 Swedish pathology departments during the years spanning 1969–2008. We examined age, gender, calendar period, duration of disease and educational attainment to determine predictors of persistent VA.ResultsOf 7648 patients with CD who underwent follow‐up biopsy, persistent VA was present in 3317 (43%; 95% CI 42–44%). The effect of age on persistent VA varied according to time period; among those biopsied in the years spanning 2000–2008, the prevalence of persistent VA was 31%, and increasing age was associated with increasing rates of persistent VA (17% among those younger than 2 years compared to 56% among those ≥70 years). In contrast, persistent VA did not vary widely by age in earlier years. On multivariate analysis (restricted to the calendar period 2000–2008, 2–5 years after CD diagnosis), persistent VA was more common among males (OR 1.43; 95% CI 1.07–1.90) and less common among patients with higher educational attainment (OR for college degree vs. <2 years of high school 0.52, 95% CI 0.35–0.78).ConclusionsThe prevalence of persistent villous atrophy has changed over time, with greater rates of healing in recent years. Social differences in persistent villous atrophy suggest that access and/or education regarding the gluten‐free diet impact mucosal healing.
UTS2R gene polymorphisms are associated with fatty acid composition in Japanese beef cattle
Authors: Sasazaki Shinji , Akiyama Kento , Narukami Takahiro , Matsumoto Hirokazu , Oyama Kenji , Mannen Hideyuki 
Published: January 2014

AbstractFatty acid composition of beef adipose tissue is one of its important traits because a high proportion of monounsaturated fatty acid is related to favorable beef flavor and tenderness. In this study, we searched polymorphisms in full length coding DNA sequence of urotensin 2 recepter and investigated the effects on fatty acid composition (C14:0, C14:1, C16:0, C16:1, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2, monounsaturated fatty acid, saturated fatty acid). Eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were identified by sequence comparison among eight animals, including five Japanese Black and three Holstein cattle. One of these SNP (c.866C>T) was predicted to cause amino acid substitutions (P289L) and the other seven synonymous SNP, including c.267C>T, were presumed to be in linkage disequilibrium. Therefore we selected two SNP (c.267C>T and c.866C>T) for further analysis. We investigated associations between these genotypes and fatty acid composition in three Japanese Black populations (n = 560, 245 and 287) and a Holstein population (n = 202). Tukey‐Kramer's honestly significant difference test revealed that CC genotype in c.267C>T indicated lower C14:0 and higher C18:1 than the other genotypes in Japanese Black cattle and CC genotype in c.866C>T showed lower C16:1 than CT genotype in Holstein cattle (P < 0.05). These results suggested that these genotypes would contribute to production of high‐grade meat as selection markers in beef cattle.
IMP improves water‐holding capacity, physical and sensory properties of heat‐induced gels from porcine meat
Authors: Nakamura Yukinobu , Migita Koshiro , Okitani Akihiro , Matsuishi Masanori 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWater‐holding capacity (WHC) of heat‐induced pork gels was examined. The heat‐induced gels were obtained from meat homogenates prepared by adding nine volumes of 0.3–0.5 mol/L NaCl solutions containing 9–36 mmol/L disodium inosine‐5′‐monophosphate (IMP) or 9 mmol/L tetrapotassium pyrophosphate (KPP) to minced pork. IMP at 36 mmol/L enhanced the WHC to the same level as attained by KPP. Physical and sensory properties of heat‐induced gels were also examined. The heat‐induced gels were prepared from porcine meat homogenates containing 0.3 mol/L NaCl and 9–36 mmol/L IMP or 9 mmol/L KPP. IMP at 36 mmol/L enhanced the values of hardness, cohesiveness, gumminess and springiness, measured with a Tensipresser, and several organoleptic scores to the same level as the score attained by KPP. Thus, it is concluded that IMP is expected to be a practical substitute for pyrophosphates to improve the quality of sausages.
Effects of Angiotensin‐Converting Enzyme Inhibition on Leptin and Adiponectin Levels in Essential Hypertension
Authors: Fontana Vanessa , de Faria Ana Paula Cabral , Oliveira‐Paula Gustavo Henrique , Silva Pamela Souza , Biagi Celso , Tanus‐Santos Jose Eduardo , Moreno Heitor 
Published: January 2014

AbstractActivation of the renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system (RAAS) and abnormal adipokine levels are biological alterations that affect blood pressure regulation and interact to link hypertension, obesity and metabolic diseases. While imbalanced levels of hormones produced by adipocytes including hypo‐adiponectinaemia and hyperleptinaemia were reported in hypertension, little is known about how antihypertensive therapy affects these alterations. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of enalapril on plasma adiponectin and leptin levels in hypertensive individuals. Thirty‐seven untreated hypertensive patients were prospectively treated with enalapril for 8 weeks. Blood samples were collected at baseline and after the treatment with enalapril. Plasma adiponectin and leptin levels were measured by enzyme‐linked immunoassay. We found significant increases in adiponectin levels after enalapril treatment (5.4 ± 3.7 versus 6.0 ± 4.5 μg/mL, mean±S.D., p = 0.04). Conversely, leptin levels were unchanged (18.0 ± 14.7 versus 18.4 ± 14.8 ng/mL, mean ± S.D., p = 0.31). Multiple linear regression revealed that baseline leptin is a significant predictor of systolic blood pressure reduction (β=0.269, p = 0.01) in hypertensive individuals treated with enalapril. While enalapril increases adiponectin levels in hypertensive individuals, baseline leptin levels predict blood pressure reduction in response to this therapy. These findings support the idea of an important relationship between RAAS and adipose tissue in hypertension and suggest that enalapril improves the adipokine profile, possibly allowing beneficial effects to overweight or obese hypertensive individuals.
Improved population level survival in younger Hodgkin lymphoma patients in Germany in the early 21st century
Authors: Pulte Dianne , Jansen Lina , Gondos Adam , Emrich Katharina , Holleczek Bernd , Katalinic Alexander , Brenner Hermann ,   the GEKID Cancer Survival Working Group
Published: January 2014

SummaryTreatment for Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is more aggressive in Germany than in the United States (US) and differences in treatment may lead to differences in population level survival. Patients diagnosed with HL in 11 German states in 1997–2006 were included in the analyses and were compared to similar analyses from patients in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database in the US. Period analysis was used to calculate 5‐year relative survival for the time period of 2002–2006 overall and by gender, age and histology. Overall 5‐year relative survival for patients with HL in Germany was 84·3%, compared to 80·6% for the US. Survival was highest in patients aged 15–29 years at 97·9% and decreased with age to 57·5% at age 60 + Survival for men and women, respectively, was 84·7% and 84·1% in Germany and 78·2% and 83·6% in the US. 5‐year relative survival for patients diagnosed with HL in Germany was close to 100% for younger patients. Survival of HL patients in the US was lower than in Germany overall, but was comparable in older patients and in women. Population‐based studies with longer follow‐up are still needed to examine effects of late toxicity on long term survival.
Targeted inhibition of IL‐18 attenuates irinotecan‐induced intestinal mucositis in mice
Authors: Lima‐Júnior R C P , Freitas H C , Wong D V T , Wanderley C W S , Nunes L G , Leite L L , Miranda S P , Souza M H L P , Brito G A C , Magalhães P J C , Teixeira M M , Cunha F Q , Ribeiro R A 
Published: January 2014

Background and PurposeIntestinal mucositis is a common side‐effect of irinotecan‐based cancer chemotherapy regimens. This mucositis is associated with cytokine activation and NO synthesis. Production of IL‐18 is up‐regulated in patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease. Therefore, we have investigated the role of IL‐18 in the pathogenesis of irinotecan‐induced intestinal mucositis.Experimental ApproachWild type (WT), IL‐18 or caspase‐1 knockout mice were treated with either saline or irinotecan (60 mg·kg−1 per 4 days, i.p.) or the IL‐18 binding protein (IL‐18bp, 10 mg·kg−1) before irinotecan. On day 5, diarrhoea was monitored and proximal intestinal strips were obtained for histopathology, in vitro gut contractility, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and inducible NOS (iNOS) activity, and detection of IL‐18 expression.Key ResultsIrinotecan induced severe diarrhoea accompanied by intestinal injury (villi shortening and increased crypt depth). Additionally, irinotecan treatment increased MPO and iNOS activity, iNOS immunostaining and IL‐18 expression in WT mice compared with saline treatment. The IL‐18 production was associated with macrophages. In vitro, intestinal smooth muscle strips were hyperresponsive to ACh after irinotecan treatment. Increases in MPO and iNOS activity, intestinal contractility and diarrhoea were prevented in caspase‐1 knockout and IL‐18 knockout mice, and in IL‐18bp‐treated WT mice. Furthermore, the Survival of irinotecan‐treated mice was increased and iNOS immunoexpression and IL‐18 production prevented in IL‐18 knockout mice.Conclusions and ImplicationsTargeting IL‐18 function may be a promising therapeutic approach to decreasing the severity of intestinal mucositis during irinotecan treatment regimens.
Efficacy assessment of a combined anticholinergic and oxime treatment against topical sarin‐induced miosis and visual impairment in rats
Authors: Gore A , Bloch‐Shilderman E , Egoz I , Turetz J , Brandeis R 
Published: January 2014

Background and PurposeEye exposure to the organophosphorus (OP) irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor sarin results in long‐term miosis and impaired visual function. We have previously shown that tropicamide is better at ameliorating this insult than topical atropine or cyclopentolate. However, to minimize side effects associated with repeated tropicamide applications and high treatment doses, we evaluated the effects of oximes (ChE re‐activators) alone and combined with tropicamide at ameliorating OP‐induced ocular impairments.Experimental approachRats were topically exposed to sarin, followed by topical treatment with various oximes alone or in combination with tropicamide. Pupil width and light reflex were measured by an infrared‐based digital photograph system, while visual performance was assessed by employing the cueing version of the Morris water maze (MWM).Key ResultsOxime treatment following sarin ocular exposure induced a slow persistent pupil widening with efficacy in the order of HLö‐7 > HI‐6 > obidoxime = TMB‐4 = MMB‐4. In the light reflex test, the ability of the iris to contract following oxime treatment was mostly impaired at 1 h and was back to normal at 4 h following sarin exposure. All oxime treatments ameliorated the sarin‐induced visual impairment as tested in the visual task (MWM). The combined topical treatment of tropicamide with an oxime induced a rapid improvement in pupil widening, light reflex and visual performance, and enabled a reduction in tropicamide dose.Conclusions and ImplicationsThe use of tropicamide combined with an oxime should be considered as the topical treatment of choice against the toxic effects of ocular OP exposure.
Sharing and Comparing: How Comparing Shared Goals Broadens Goal Understanding in Development
Authors: Gerson Sarah A. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractHow we recognize the goals of others is a critical question for those interested in social, cognitive, and linguistic development. The origins of goal understanding exist early in life—that is, infants recognize the intentional relations (e.g., between actor and goal) that underlie intentional actions. In this article, I propose one mechanism through which these initially narrow goal representations can be generalized: comparison. I briefly review evidence that comparison facilitates detection of relational similarities across several domains, then address theoretical and neural findings consistent with the notion that comparison plays a role in social‐cognitive development. I discuss more direct evidence that infants can and do expand their recognition of others' goals through comparison and then propose several hypotheses concerning the ways in which the benefits of comparison (and facilitative cues to compare) may influence the generalization of action understanding throughout development.
Social Knowledge Facilitates Chunking in Infancy
Authors: Stahl Aimee E. , Feigenson Lisa 
Published: January 2014

Two experiments investigated whether infants can use their rich social knowledge to bind representations of individual objects into larger social units, thereby overcoming the three‐item limit of working memory. In Experiment 1, 16‐month‐olds (n = 32) remembered up to four hidden dolls when the dolls had faced and interacted with each other in pairs, but not when they faced and interacted with the infant, suggesting that infants chunked the dolls into social pairs. In Experiment 2 (n = 16), infants failed to remember four dolls when they faced each other without interacting, indicating that interaction between the dolls was necessary to drive chunking. This work bridges a gap between social cognition and memory by demonstrating that infants can use social cues to expand memory.
Sources of Individual Differences in Children's Understanding of Fractions
Authors: Vukovic Rose K. , Fuchs Lynn S. , Geary David C. , Jordan Nancy C. , Gersten Russell , Siegler Robert S. 
Published: January 2014

Longitudinal associations of domain‐general and numerical competencies with individual differences in children's understanding of fractions were investigated. Children (n = 163) were assessed at 6 years of age on domain‐general (nonverbal reasoning, language, attentive behavior, executive control, visual‐spatial memory) and numerical (number knowledge) competencies; at 7 years on whole‐number arithmetic computations and number line estimation; and at 10 years on fraction concepts. Mediation analyses controlling for general mathematics ability and general academic ability revealed that numerical and mathematical competencies were direct predictors of fraction concepts, whereas domain‐general competencies supported the acquisition of fraction concepts via whole‐number arithmetic computations or number line estimation. Results indicate multiple pathways to fraction competence.
Psychological status in female carriers of premutation FMR1 allele showing a complex relationship with the size of CGG expansion
Authors: Loesch D. Z. , Bui M. Q. , Hammersley E. , Schneider A. , Storey E. , Stimpson P. , Burgess T. , Francis D. , Slater H. , Tassone F. , Hagerman R. J. , Hessl D. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWe utilized a sample of 299 adult females aged between 19 and 86 years, carrying fragile X mental retardation (FMR1) alleles with small CCG expansions ranging from 50 to 141 repeats to analyse the relationships between psychological symptoms as assessed by the Symptom Checklist‐90‐Revised (SCL‐90‐R) and the size of the CGG repeat in the FMR1 gene. There were highly significant (negative) correlations between the size of the CGG repeat and a great majority of SCL‐90‐R subscale scores and all the global indices, suggesting that carriers of premutations in the mid‐size CGG repeat range may be at greatest risk for the development of psychiatric disorder.
Is haemorrhoidectomy in inflammatory bowel disease harmful? An old dogma re‐examined
Authors: Cracco N. , Zinicola R. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAimHaemorrhoidectomy and removal of anal skin tags in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have been considered to be potentially harmful, but the evidence for this is poor. A review of the literature was undertaken to determine the complications rate after haemorrhoidectomy in patients with IBD.MethodA Medline, PubMed and Cochrane Library search was performed to retrieve studies reporting the surgical treatment of haemorrhoids in patients with IBD. All studies that investigated the complications of haemorrhoidectomy and skin tag removal in patients with IBD were included. Complications included local sepsis, fissure, ulcer, stenosis, faecal incontinence and the direct need for proctectomy or a stoma.ResultsEleven retrospective studies including 135 patients were identified. Most series were small and lacked information on the interval between surgery and the onset of complications. The range of complications ranged from 0% to 100%. Taking the studies together, complications occurred more frequently in Crohn's disease (CD) (17.1%) than in ulcerative colitis (UC) (5.5%). The risk of complication was much higher in patients with unknown than in those with known diagnosis of IBD (50% vs 9.8% in CD; 9.1% vs 4% in UC).ConclusionThere is great variation in the incidence of complications reported after haemorrhoidectomy or removal of skin tags in patients with IBD and it is not possible to draw a firm conclusion. Nevertheless the incidence of complications is high in patients with CD.
Lupus erythematosus. Part II: Clinical picture, diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Ziemer Mirjana , Milkova Linda , Kunz Manfred 
Published: January 2014

SummaryLupus erythematosus (LE) is an important dermatologic autoimmune disease. In many respects, it may be regarded as a model autoimmune disease due to its spectrum of autoimmune antibodies and involvement of different organ systems, as well as response to immunosuppressive agents which target B cells and T cells and their cytokines. A recently published article in this Journal summarized the most important knowledge about epidemiology, genetics, and immunology of LE. Here, the different clinical manifestations, diagnostic procedures and current therapeutic approaches will be described. Special emphasis is placed on different cutaneous manifestations of LE. In regard to treatment, the classic treatment approaches such as corticosteroids, methotrexate, chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine will be described. Lastly, new therapeutic approaches with specific monoclonal antibodies which are currently used in systemic LE, such as belimumab (Benlysta®), will be addressed. The most recent developments in this area could have implications even for purely cutaneous forms of LE.
Technical set‐up and radiation exposure for standing computed tomography of the equine head
Authors: Dakin S. G. , Lam R. , Rees E. , Mumby C. , West C. , Weller R. 
Published: January 2014

SummaryThe recent adaptation of human computed tomography (CT) machines to enable scanning of the equine head via standing sedation has revolutionised our ability to acquire images of this complex anatomical region. There are a small number of CT systems installed worldwide and it is to be expected that this will increase in the next few years; however, currently, there is no publication that describes the technical set‐up required to permit CT scanning of the equine head. This paper describes the technical set‐up, technique and exposures necessary to accomplish CT scanning of the horse under standing sedation to diagnose disorders of the equine head.
Temporohyoid osteoarthropathy in the horse
Authors: Koch C. , Witte T. 
Published: January 2014

SummaryTemporohyoid osteoarthropathy (THO) is a well‐recognised clinical entity in horses. Temporohyoid osteoarthropathy is characterised by progressive osseous proliferation of the proximal portion of the stylohyoid and petrous temporal bones, and is generally described as a disease of middle‐aged horses. More recent reports also attribute a variety of clinical syndromes in young horses toTHO, requiring a diversification of approaches to confirm the diagnosis and its significance, and to guide conservative and surgical treatment options. This commentary will review the purported aetiology, clinical syndromes, available diagnostic tests and treatment options of equineTHO.