bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AFB Technology for Indirect-Fired Gas Turbine/Cogeneration Systems
Authors: Tignac L. L. , Campbell J. 
Published: April 2015

The technology involved in coal-fired atmospheric fluidized bed (AFB) air heaters for indirect-fired gas turbine cogeneration systems differs in several respects from that already employed for AFB steam boilers. This paper presents the results to data from on ongoing research program aimed at adopting the AFB boiler firing concept to air heater service. A coal-fired air heater program has been underway since 1980 with an 18- by 18-inch AFB experimental unit. The goal is to resolve those technical issues of special importance to the indirect-fired gas turbine application which are amenable to resolution with short-term testing and small-scale hardware. The issues presently being researched include throttling to loads as low as 20 percent, safety accommodating sudden changes in load (and the interruption in cooling resulting from a turbine trip) and establishing the response characteristics of the AFB combustor/heat exchanger system as they relate to overall control system design. Other issues being evaluated include exploration of the limits of acceptable operation.
The 18- by 18-inch AFB heater test facility is located at the Rockwell Thermodynamics Laboratory in California. A series of coal-burning tests of 12 to 24 hours duration have been conducted to establish the bed operating and heat transfer characteristics at loads between 20 and 135 percent of nominal. Control transient characteristics have been evaluated through simulated load changes and interruption of cooling. Heat exchanger material specimen probes and diagnostic probes for investigation of the corrosion/erosion aspects of heat exchanger materials have been exposed. Results to date indicate that an AFB combustion system will provide a good match to the demands of an indirect-fired gas turbine system.
Techniques for Obtaining Detailed Heat Transfer Coefficient Measurements Within Gas Turbine Blade and Vane Cooling Passages
Authors: Clifford R. J. , Jones T. V. , Dunne S. T. 
Published: April 2015

This paper reviews the techniques developed jointly by Rolls-Royce Bristol and Oxford University for determining detailed heat transfer coefficient distributions inside turbine blade and vane cooling passages.
These techniques make use of a low temperature phase change paint to map the heat flux distributions within models of the cooling passages. The paints change from an opaque coating to a clear liquid at a well defined melting point.
Thus, the surface temperature history of a model subjected to transient convective heating is recorded. From this history the heat transfer coefficient distribution is deduced using a transient conduction analysis within the model. The general method may be applied to a range of model thicknesses and geometries. The Rolls-Royce data are usually obtained from the inner surface of thick walled models whereas the Oxford measurements are performed on the outside of thin walls.
Results are presented for the detailed heat transfer coefficient distributions within a variety of cooling passages. Firstly, smooth ducts of circular cross section are considered and serve the purpose of validating the experimental techniques. Secondly, results for complex passages with varying cross-sectional area are presented, and the effect of introducing discrete roughness elements and film cooling exhausts into these ducts assessed. Finally, data obtained from a comprehensive examination of a typical engine multi-pass cooling geometry are presented.
Sarcomere Disruptions of Slow Fiber Resulting From Mountain Ultramarathon
Authors: Carmona Gerard , Roca Emma , Guerrero Mario , Cussó Roser , Irurtia Alfredo , Nescolarde Lexa , Brotons Daniel , Bedini Josep L. , Cadefau Joan A. 
Published: April 2015

Objective:To investigate changes after a mountain ultramarathon (MUM) in the serum concentration of fast (FM) and slow (SM) myosin isoforms, which are fiber-type-specific sarcomere proteins. The changes were compared against creatine kinase (CK), a widely used fiber-sarcolemma-damage biomarker, and cardiac troponin I (cTnI), a widely used cardiac biomarker.Methods:Observational comparison of response in a single group of 8 endurance-trained amateur athletes. Time-related changes in serum levels of CK, cTnI, SM, and FM from competitors were analyzed before, 1 h after the MUM, and 24 and 48 h after the start of the MUM by 1-way ANOVA for repeated measures or Friedman and Wilcoxon tests. Pearson correlation coefficient was employed to examine associations between variables.Results:While SM was significantly (P = .009) increased in serum 24 h after the beginning of the MUM, FM and cTnI did not change significantly. Serum CK activity peak was observed 1 h after the MUM (P = .002). Moreover, serum peaks of CK and SM were highly correlated (r = .884, P = .004).Conclusions:Since there is evidence of muscle damage after prolonged mountain running, the increase in SM serum concentration after a MUM could be indirect evidence of slow- (type I) fiber-specific sarcomere disruptions.
Impact of Combination Antimicrobial Therapy on Mortality Risk for Critically Ill Patients with Carbapenem-Resistant Bacteremia
Authors: Bass Stephanie N. , Bauer Seth R. , Neuner Elizabeth A. , Lam Simon W. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT

There are limited treatment options for carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative infections. Currently, there are suggestions in the literature that combination therapy should be used, which frequently includes antibiotics to which the causative pathogen demonstrates
in vitro
resistance. This case-control study evaluated risk factors associated with all-cause mortality rates for critically ill patients with carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteremia. Adult patients who were admitted to an intensive care unit with sepsis and a blood culture positive for Gram-negative bacteria resistant to a carbapenem were included. Patients with polymicrobial, recurrent, or breakthrough infections were excluded. Included patients were classified as survivors (controls) or nonsurvivors (cases) at 30 days after the positive blood culture. Of 302 patients screened, 168 patients were included, of whom 90 patients died (53.6% [cases]) and 78 survived (46.4% [controls]) at 30 days. More survivors received appropriate antibiotics (antibiotics with
in vitro
activity) than did nonsurvivors (93.6% versus 53.3%;
P
< 0.01). Combination therapy, defined as multiple appropriate agents given for 48 h or more, was more common among survivors than nonsurvivors (32.1% versus 7.8%;
P
< 0.01); however, there was no difference in multiple-agent use when
in vitro
activity was not considered (including combinations with carbapenems) (87.2% versus 80%;
P
= 0.21). After adjustment for baseline factors with multivariable logistic regression, combination therapy was independently associated with decreased risk of death (odds ratio, 0.19 [95% confidence interval, 0.06 to 0.56];
P
< 0.01). These data suggest that combination therapy with multiple agents with
in vitro
activity is associated with improved survival rates for critically ill patients with carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteremia. However, that association is lost if
in vitro
activity is not considered.
Open-Label, Single-Dose, Parallel-Group Study in Healthy Volunteers To Determine the Drug-Drug Interaction Potential between KAE609 (Cipargamin) and Piperaquine
Authors: Stein Daniel S. , Jain Jay Prakash , Kangas Michael , Lefèvre Gilbert , Machineni Surendra , Griffin Paul , Lickliter Jason 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT

KAE609 represents a new class of potent, fast-acting, schizonticidal antimalarials. This study investigated the safety and pharmacokinetics of KAE609 in combination with the long-acting antimalarial piperaquine (PPQ) in healthy volunteers. A two-way pharmacokinetic interaction was hypothesized for KAE609 and PPQ, as both drugs are CYP3A4 substrates and inhibitors. The potential for both agents to affect the QT interval was also assessed. This was an open-label, parallel-group, single-dose study with healthy volunteers. Subjects were randomized to four parallel dosing arms with five cohorts (2:2:2:2:1), receiving 75 mg KAE609 plus 320 mg PPQ, 25 mg KAE609 plus 1,280 mg PPQ, 25 mg KAE609 alone, 320 mg PPQ alone, or 1,280 mg PPQ alone. Triplicate electrocardiograms were performed over the first 24 h after dosing, with single electrocardiograms at other time points. Routine safety (up to 89 days) and pharmacokinetic (up to 61 days) assessments were performed. Of the 110 subjects recruited, 99 completed the study. Coadministration of PPQ had no overall effect on exposure to KAE609, although 1,280 mg PPQ decreased the KAE609 maximum concentration (
C
max
) by 17%. The group that received 25 mg KAE609 plus 1,280 mg PPQ showed a 32% increase in the PPQ area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to infinity (AUC
inf
), while the group that received 75 mg KAE609 plus 320 mg PPQ showed a 14% reduction. Mean changes from baseline in the QT interval corrected by Fridericia's method (QTcF) and the QT interval corrected by Bazett's method (QTcB) with PPQ were consistent with its known effects. PPQ but not KAE609 exposure correlated with corrected QT interval (QTc) increases, and KAE609 did not affect the PPQ exposure-QTc relationship. The QTcF effect for PPQ (least-squares estimate of the difference in mean maximal changes from baseline of 7.47 ms [90% confidence interval, 3.55 to 11.4 ms]) was consistent with the criteria for a positive thorough QT study. No subject had QTcF or QTcB values of >500 ms. Both drugs given alone or in combination were well tolerated, with no deaths, serious adverse events (AEs), or severe AEs reported. Most AEs were mild; upper respiratory tract infections, headache, diarrhea, and oropharyngeal pain were most common. PPQ and KAE609 coadministration had no relevant effect on exposure to either agent, and KAE609 did not affect or potentiate the known effects of PPQ on cardiac conduction.
Characterization of Multiple NDM-1-Producing Enterobacteriaceae Isolates from the Same Patient
Authors: Tijet Nathalie , Richardson David , MacMullin Gregory , Patel Samir N. , Melano Roberto G. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT

A male patient was admitted to a community hospital in Ontario, Canada, with an infected sacral ulcer after returning from India, where he was hospitalized. Carbapenem-resistant
Escherichia coli
(isolated from blood cultures),
Enterobacter cloacae
, and
Providencia stuartii
(from urine samples), all positive for
bla
NDM-1
, were recovered. Comparative NDM-1 plasmid analysis suggests both lateral plasmid transfer and independent acquisition of the
bla
NDM-1
gene in these clinical isolates.
The Sheep as a Model of Preclinical Safety and Pharmacokinetic Evaluations of Candidate Microbicides
Authors: Holt Jonathon D. S. , Cameron David , Dias Nicola , Holding Jeremy , Muntendam Alex , Oostebring Freddy , Dreier Peter , Rohan Lisa , Nuttall Jeremy 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT
When developing novel microbicide products for the prevention of HIV infection, the preclinical safety program must evaluate not only the active pharmaceutical ingredient but also the product itself. To that end, we applied several relatively standard toxicology study methodologies to female sheep, incorporating an assessment of the pharmacokinetics, safety, tolerability, and local toxicity of a dapivirine-containing human vaginal ring formulation (Dapivirine Vaginal Ring-004). We performed a 3-month general toxicology study, a preliminary pharmacokinetic study using drug-loaded vaginal gel, and a detailed assessment of the kinetics of dapivirine delivery to plasma, vaginal, and rectal fluid and rectal, vaginal, and cervical tissue over 28 days of exposure and 3 and 7 days after removal of the ring. The findings of the general toxicology study supported the existing data from both preclinical and clinical studies in that there were no signs of toxicity related to dapivirine. In addition, the presence of the physical dapivirine ring did not alter local or systemic toxicity or the pharmacokinetics of dapivirine. Pharmacokinetic studies indicated that the dapivirine ring produced significant vaginal tissue levels of dapivirine. However, no dapivirine was detected in cervical tissue samples using the methods described here. Plasma and vaginal fluid levels were lower than those in previous clinical studies, while there were detectable dapivirine levels in the rectal tissue and fluid. All tissue and fluid levels tailed off rapidly to undetectable levels following removal of the ring. The sheep represents a very useful model for the assessment of the safety and pharmacokinetics of microbicide drug delivery devices, such as the vaginal ring.
A Pantetheinase-Resistant Pantothenamide with Potent, On-Target, and Selective Antiplasmodial Activity
Authors: Macuamule Cristiano J. , Tjhin Erick T. , Jana Collins E. , Barnard Leanne , Koekemoer Lizbé , de Villiers Marianne , Saliba Kevin J. , Strauss Erick 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT

Pantothenamides inhibit blood-stage
Plasmodium falciparum
with potencies (50% inhibitory concentration [IC
50
], ∼20 nM) similar to that of chloroquine. They target processes dependent on pantothenate, a precursor of the essential metabolic cofactor coenzyme A. However, their antiplasmodial activity is reduced due to degradation by serum pantetheinase. Minor modification of the pantothenamide structure led to the identification of α-methyl-
N
-phenethyl-pantothenamide, a pantothenamide resistant to degradation, with excellent antiplasmodial activity (IC
50
, 52 ± 6 nM), target specificity, and low toxicity.
Profiling of β-Lactam Selectivity for Penicillin-Binding Proteins in Streptococcus pneumoniae D39
Authors: Kocaoglu Ozden , Tsui Ho-Ching T. , Winkler Malcolm E. , Carlson Erin E. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT

Selective fluorescent β-lactam chemical probes enable the visualization of the transpeptidase activity of penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) at different stages of bacterial cell division. To facilitate the development of new fluorescent probes for PBP imaging, we evaluated 20 commercially available β-lactams for selective PBP inhibition in an unencapsulated derivative of the D39 strain of
Streptococcus pneumoniae
. Live cells were treated with β-lactam antibiotics at different concentrations and subsequently incubated with Bocillin FL (Boc-FL; fluorescent penicillin) to saturate uninhibited PBPs. Fluorophore-labeled PBPs were visualized by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and fluorescence scanning. Among 20 compounds tested, carbapenems (doripenem and meropenem) were coselective for PBP1a, PBP2x, and PBP3, while six of the nine penicillin compounds were coselective for PBP2x and PBP3. In contrast, the seven cephalosporin compounds tested display variability in their PBP-binding profiles. Three cephalosporin compounds (cefoxitin, cephalexin, and cefsulodin) and the monobactam aztreonam exhibited selectivity for PBP3, while only cefuroxime (a cephalosporin) was selective for PBP2x. Treatment of
S. pneumoniae
cultures with a sublethal concentration of cefuroxime that inhibited 60% of PBP2x activity and less than 20% of the activity of other PBPs resulted in formation of elongated cells. In contrast, treatment of
S. pneumoniae
cultures with concentrations of aztreonam and cefoxitin that inhibited up to 70% of PBP3 activity and less than 30% of other PBPs resulted in no discernible morphological changes. Additionally, correlation of the MIC and IC
50
s for each PBP, with the exception of faropenem, amdinocillin (mecillinam), and 6-APA, suggests that pneumococcal growth inhibition is primarily due to the inhibition of PBP2x.
Complete Genome Sequence of Lactobacillus plantarum Strain B21, a Bacteriocin-Producing Strain Isolated from Vietnamese Fermented Sausage Nem Chua
Authors: Golneshin Aida , Adetutu Eric , Ball Andrew S. , May Bee K. , Van Thi Thu Hao , Smith Andrew T. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT

Lactobacillus plantarum
strain B21 was isolated from Vietnamese sausage (nem chua) and demonstrated broad antimicrobial activity due to the production of bacteriocins. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of this strain (3,284,260 bp).
Genome Sequence of Fungal Species No.11243, Which Produces the Antifungal Antibiotic FR901469
Authors: Matsui Makoto , Yokoyama Tatsuya , Nemoto Kaoru , Kumagai Toshitaka , Terai Goro , Arita Masanori , Machida Masayuki , Shibata Takashi 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT
Fungal species No.11243 was originally isolated from a decayed leaf sample collected in Kyoto, Japan. It produces FR901469, a 1,3-beta-glucan synthase inhibitor. The genome sequence of No.11243 was determined and annotated to obtain useful information for improving productivity of the effective antifungal agent FR901469.
A Distinct Group II Alphabaculovirus Isolated from a Peridroma Species
Authors: Rohrmann George F. , Erlandson Martin A. , Theilmann David A. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT

The genome sequence of an alphabaculovirus isolated from a Peridroma species indicated that it is a novel member of a group II lineage most closely related to alphabaculoviruses from
Spodoptera exigua
and Agrotis segetum. It contains a genome of 151,110 nucleotides (nt), with a G+C content of 53.3%.
Genome Sequence of the Butyrate
-
Producing Anaerobic Bacterium Anaerostipes hadrus PEL 85
Authors: Kant Ravi , Rasinkangas Pia , Satokari Reetta , Pietilä Taija E. , Palva Airi 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT

Anaerostipes hadrus
PEL 85, which was isolated from human feces, is a Gram-positive rod-shaped bacterium. The species may play an important role in gut health, as it was previously reported to produce butyric acid. Here, we present the genome assembly of PEL 85, a novel strain of A. hadrus.
Deciphering the Genome Sequences of the Hydrophobic Cyanobacterium Scytonema tolypothrichoides VB-61278
Authors: Das Abhishek , Panda Arijit , Singh Deeksha , Chandrababunaidu Mathu Malar , Mishra Gyan Prakash , Bhan Sushma , Adhikary Siba Prasad , Tripathy Sucheta 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT
Scytonema tolypothrichoides VB-61278, a terrestrial cyanobacterium, can be exploited to produce commercially important products. Here, we report for the first time a 10-Mb draft genome assembly of S. tolypothrichoides VB-61278, with 214 scaffolds and 7,148 putative protein-coding genes.
Draft Genome Sequence of Aneurinibacillus migulanus NCTC 7096
Authors: Alenezi Faizah N. , Weitz Hedda J. , Belbahri Lassaad , Nidhal Jedidi , Luptakova Lenka , Jaspars Marcel , Woodward Stephen 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT

Aneurinibacillus migulanus
has biocontrol activities against fungal, fungus-like, and bacterial plant pathogens with different levels of efficacy depending on the target pathogens. Here, we report the high-quality draft genome sequence of A. migulanus NCTC 7096.
Draft Genome Sequence of Empedobacter (Formerly Wautersiella) falsenii comb. nov. Wf282, a Strain Isolated from a Cervical Neck Abscess
Authors: Traglia German Matías , Dixon Chelsea , Chiem Kevin , Almuzara Marisa , Barberis Claudia , Montaña Sabrina , Merino Cindy , Mussi María Alejandra , Tolmasky Marcelo E. , Iriarte Andres , Vay Carlos , Ramírez María Soledad 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT
Empedobacter (formerly Wautersiella) falsenii comb. nov. strain Wf282 was isolated from a cervical neck abscess sample from an 18-year-old female patient. The isolate was resistant to many antibiotics, including meropenem and colistin. The total DNA from the multidrug-resistant E. falsenii comb. nov. Wf282 clinical isolate was sequenced.
Draft Genome Sequence of Pseudomonas sp. nov. H2
Authors: Loftie-Eaton Wesley , Suzuki Haruo , Bashford Kelsie , Heuer Holger , Stragier Pieter , De Vos Paul , Settles Matthew L. , Top Eva M. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT

We report the draft genome sequence of Pseudomonas sp. nov. H2, isolated from creek sediment in Moscow, ID, USA. The strain is most closely related to
Pseudomonas putida
. However, it has a slightly smaller genome that appears to have been impacted by horizontal gene transfer and poorly maintains IncP-1 plasmids.
Genome of Pseudomonas sp. FeS53a, a Putative Plant Growth-Promoting Bacterium Associated with Rice Grown in Iron-Stressed Soils
Authors: de Souza Rocheli , Sant’Anna Fernando Hayashi , Ambrosini Adriana , Tadra-Sfeir Michele , Faoro Helisson , Pedrosa Fabio Oliveira , Souza Emanuel Maltempi , Passaglia Luciane M. P. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT
Pseudomonas sp. FeS53a was isolated from the roots of rice plants cultivated in one area with a well-established history of iron toxicity. The FeS53a genome sequence provides the genetic basis for understanding its lifestyle and survival in association with rice in conditions of iron toxicity.
Draft Genome Sequence of Streptomyces sp. Strain 150FB, a Mushroom Mycoparasite Antagonist
Authors: Tarkka M. T. , Feldhahn L. , Krüger D. , Arnold N. , Buscot F. , Wubet T. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT

Streptomyces sp. strain 150FB, isolated from the cap surface of a bolete mushroom, inhibits the growth of the mycoparasitic
Sepedonium
species. Functional annotation of the strain 150FB draft genome identified 22 putative secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters and genes encoding secreted proteins, which may contribute to the inhibition of the mycoparasite.
Selective Requirement of the Shikimate Pathway of Legionella pneumophila for Intravacuolar Growth within Human Macrophages but Not within Acanthamoeba
Authors: Jones Snake C. , Price Christopher T. D. , Santic Marina , Abu Kwaik Yousef 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT

Legionella pneumophila
utilizes the Dot/Icm type IV translocation system to proliferate within a vacuole in a wide variety of natural amoebal hosts and in alveolar macrophages of the human accidental host. Although
L. pneumophila
utilizes host amino acids as the main sources of carbon and energy, it is not known whether
de novo
synthesis of amino acids by intravacuolar
L. pneumophila
contributes to its nutrition. The
aroB
and
aroE
genes encode enzymes for the shikimate pathway that generates the aromatic amino acids Phe, Trp, and Tyr. Here we show the
aroB
and
aroE
mutants of
L. pneumophila
to be defective in growth in human monocyte-derived macrophages (hMDMs) but not in
Acanthamoeba
spp. The
aroB
and
aroE
mutants are severely attenuated in intrapulmonary proliferation in the A/J mouse model of Legionnaires' disease, and the defect is fully complemented by the respective wild-type alleles. The two mutants grow normally in rich media but do not grow in defined media lacking aromatic amino acids, and the growth defect is rescued by inclusion of the aromatic amino acids, which are essential for production of the pyomelanin pigment. Interestingly, supplementation of infected hMDMs with the three aromatic amino acids or with Trp alone rescues the intramacrophage defect of the
aroE
but not the
aroB
mutant. Therefore, the shikimate pathway of
L. pneumophila
is differentially required for optimal growth within human macrophages, which are auxotrophic for Trp and Phe, but is dispensable for growth within the
Acanthamoeba
spp. that synthesize the aromatic amino acids.