bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SU‐E‐T‐332: TomoTherapy Patient Treatment Delivery QA Utilizing Phantom‐Less Exit‐Detector Patient Delivery Coupled with Monte Carlo Dose Calculations: Validation
Authors: Handsfield L , Jones R , Siebers J , Read P , Chen Q 
Published: July 2014

Purpose:To describe and validate a pre‐treatment end‐to‐end patient dose verification system for TomoTherapy capable of detecting plan transfer, dose calculation, and plan delivery errors and evaluating the dosimetric impact of those errors.Methods:The MCLogQA method for TomoTherapy utilizes a pre‐treatment Monte Carlo (MC) dose calculation, post‐delivery log file examination and exit‐detector based MLC sinogram comparison to confirm intended machine performance. The delivered leaf sinogram is then used with MC for dose reconstruction to evaluate the dosimetric impact of any delivery discrepancies by examining target and OAR DVH metrics. A traditional phantom/ion chamber‐based QA plan was created and delivered for ten randomly selected patients to evaluate the accuracy of the MCLogQA algorithms. The ion chamber dose measurements were compared with MC dose calculated using the log file and exit detector data collected during the delivery. Delivered linac output and MLC opening deviations found using the MCLogQA method are reported for 10 patients.Results:The MCLogQA reconstructed dose agreed with ion chamber measurements within 1%, while the planned dose deviated from measurement by 2‐5%. Analysis of the 10 patients treatment delivery demonstrated that the output during TomoTherapy delivery can vary by approximately 2%. Although patient plans vary from ‐0.6% to 1.6%, the MLC leaf errors were consistent across fractions for the same patient (excluding one patient). The MCLogQA methods capability of evaluating the impact of deliver errors on patient geometry is demonstrated.Conclusion:The agreement of MC dose calculations utilizing measured delivered sinograms with ion chamber measurements validates the delivered sinogram based QA method. Our system QAs the on‐patient TPS dose computation via MC dose recalculation. Plan transfer and delivery errors are validated by using measured delivered sonograms. Patient dose affects are validated by dose volume metric comparison. Our procedure is an effective and efficient alternative to traditional phantom‐based TomoTherapy plan specific QA.Research supported by Funding Opportunity Number CMS‐1C1‐12‐0001 from Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation. The contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and have not been approved by the Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services.
SU‐E‐T‐351: Verification of Monitor Unit Calculation for Lung Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy Using a Secondary Independent Planning System
Authors: Tsuruta Y , Nakamura M , Nakata M , Miyabe Y , Akimoto M , Ono T , Mukumoto N , Ishihara Y , Matsuo Y , Higashimura K , Mizowaki T , Hiraoka M 
Published: July 2014

Purpose:To compare isocenter (IC) dose between X‐ray Voxel Monte Carlo (XVMC) and Acuros XB (AXB) as part of an independent verification of monitor unit (MU) calculation for lung stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) using a secondary independent treatment planning system (TPS).Methods:Treatment plans of 110 lesions from 101 patients who underwent lung SBRT with Vero4DRT (Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd., Japan, and BrainLAB, Feldkirchen, Germany) were evaluated retrospectively. Dose distribution was calculated with X‐ray Voxel Monte Carlo (XVMC) in iPlan 4.5.1 (BrainLAB, Feldkirchen, Germany) on averaged intensity projection images. A spatial resolution and mean variance were 2 mm and 2%, respectively. The clinical treatment plans were transferred from iPlan to Eclipse (Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA, USA), and doses were recalculated with well commissioned AXB ver. 11.0.31 while maintaining the XVMC‐calculated MUs and beam arrangement. Dose calculations were made in the dose‐to‐medium dose reporting mode with the calculation grid size of 2.5 mm. The mean and standard deviation (SD) of the IC dose difference between XVMC and AXB were calculated. The tolerance level was defined as |mean|+2SD. Additionally, the relationship between IC dose difference and the size of planning target volume (PTV) or computed tomography (CT) value of internal target volume (ITV) was evaluated.Results:The mean±SD of the IC dose difference between XVMC and AXB was −0.32±0.73%. The tolerance level was 1.8%. Absolute IC dose differences exceeding the tolerance level were observed in 3 patients (2.8%). There were no strong correlations between IC dose difference and PTV size (R=−0.14) or CT value of ITV (R=−0.33).Conclusion:The present study suggested that independent verification of MU calculation for lung SBRT using a secondary TPS is useful.
Two remarks on polynomially bounded reducts of the restricted analytic field with exponentiation
Authors: Randriambololona Serge 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis article presents two constructions motivated by a conjecture of van den Dries and Miller concerning the restricted analytic field with exponentiation. The first construction provides an example of two o-minimal expansions of a real closed field that possess the same field of germs at infinity of one-variable functions and yet define different global one-variable functions. The second construction gives an example of a family of infinitely many distinct maximal polynomially bounded reducts (all this in the sense of definability) of the restricted analytic field with exponentiation.
�This is Our Turf!�: Puerto Rican youths in the 1961 film adaptation of West Side Story
Authors: Woller Megan 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
In 1961 directors Jerome Robbins and Robert Wise as well as screenwriter Ernest Lehman adapted the 1957 stage musical West Side Story into a film, and in the process engaged with the complex racial and ethnic discourses of Broadway and Hollywood. Thus, I explore how the depiction of the Puerto Rican characters grows out of significant trends onstage and in film. Furthermore, this article foregrounds adaptation by examining how the film portrays the Puerto Rican gang in relation to the so-called American gang and the Puerto Rican female characters in ways that both intersect with and make changes from the original stage production. Characterization through the music, lyrics, book and visuals all distinguish the different ethnic groups, in part through well-worn stereotypes. In fact, a tension in the representation of the Puerto Rican gang members results from the combination of highly problematic stereotyping and an attempt to give them more agency than in the original Broadway production. My analysis centres on three exemplary musical numbers, the Prologue, the �Mambo� and �America� in order to tease out various aspects of the film�s portrayal of Puerto Rican youths.
Practice as research in musical theatre � reviewing the situation
Authors: Dunbar Zachary 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The convergence of conservatoire-style training with academia has witnessed an explosion of practice as research (PaR) projects � or what in some academic quarters constitutes research, which is practice led or practice based. During the last five years, we have seen a high water mark in PaR pursuits within musical theatre training and performance. Yet, despite the benefit of research paradigms and publications from adjacent fields, practice-based musical theatre researchers often find themselves somewhat adrift when it comes to understanding the ways in which PaR is formulated, understood, and indeed practiced. This article offers both a general overview of the situation that PaR musical theatre currently finds itself in, and also provides scenarios of what that research might look like. As a springboard for the article I use Robin Nelson�s recent examination of the field, and particularly the fundamental trope of �doing-thinking� which is formulated in and through the notion of praxis (2013: 40). From here my discussion will develop in two ways. First, I look at various settings in academia in which I have encountered PaR, occasions that have given rise to issues about the ineffability of the art form and the intentionality of practice during research. Second, I focus on the nascence, resistance and potential of practice-based research in musical theatre. Crucially the inherent complexity of musical theatre offers us a chance to reflect on the dyadic concept of �doing-thinking�. To that end I propose taxonomic distinctions that may help convert an essentially dialectical concept into an analytical tool for the appraisal and evaluation of musical theatre PaR.
The revocalization of logos? Thinking, doing and disseminating voice
Authors: Thomaidis Konstantinos 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
�As a specific object of interest for philosophy, the human voice is grasped within a system of signification that subordinates speech to the concept�. It is in the traditional dualism between the vocal/aural and the conceptual/seen that Cavarero postulates the de-vocalization of logos, the dichotomy between embodied phonation and critical enquiry. Her remarks invite further probing of the pedagogy and creative praxis of voice: how do we conceptualize voicing? How does voice emerge from and reflect back to its discursive domains? How can we bridge the chasm between the ontology and epistemology of voice? How do we think, do and disseminate voice? In reflecting on these concerns, our overall aspiration is to propose a new paradigm for practice as research (PaR) education in Voice Studies.
Making Broadway musicals: An interview with Dan Knechtges
Authors: Dee Das Joanna 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
As a director and choreographer for the stage and the screen, Dan Knechtges� work is known for its captivating spark and exuberant energy. Dan�s choreography for the 25th Annual Putnam County Spelling Bee (2005) and Xanadu (2007) has received nominations for the Tony Award, the Drama Desk Award and the Lucille Lortell Award. Most recently, Dan directed and choreographed Lysistrata Jones (2011) on Broadway. Below are excerpts from a conversation between Knechtges (DK), Princeton undergraduate students Adam Hyndman (AH), Abigail Williams (AW) and Angela Caruso (AC), and members of a general public audience about Knechtges� experiences as a choreographer and choreographer-director. This conversation took place as part of the Making Broadway Musicals: Artists and Scholars in Conversation symposium at Princeton University on 21�April 2012.
Windup-Vermeidung bei Eingangs- und Ausgangsbegrenzung
Authors: Hippe Peter 
Published: July 2014

Zusammenfassung
Obwohl der Messbereich der Sensoren in der Regel so ausgelegt ist, dass ihn die Regelgröße
selbst in Extremsituationen nicht verlässt, existieren praktische Anwendungen, bei denen dies
auftreten kann. Die vom Autor kürzlich in der at vorgestellte Methode zur Windup-Vermeidung
bei Sensorsättigung funktioniert zwar zuverlässig, sie liefert jedoch unter Umständen so
große Signale, dass auch die Gefahr von Stellbegrenzung besteht. Dieser Beitrag
präsentiert eine Lösung, die selbst bei gleichzeitiger Ein- und Ausgangsbegrenzung ein stabiles
Verhalten des Regelkreises garantiert. Zugelassen sind Stör- und Führungseingriffe,
wobei das Hauptproblem darin besteht, den durch Störsignale ausgelösten Windup zu vermeiden.
Eine Aufschaltung von Führungssignalen ist immer so möglich, dass keinerlei Windup-Probleme
auftreten.
The Role of Risk Preference in Immigration and Minimum Wage Policies
Authors: Wang Yulian , Zhu Hongfei 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
This paper examines the effects of two enforcement policies and a minimum wage policy in controlling illegal immigration and improving welfare when capital is immobile. The model highlights the importance of the role of risk preference by considering various attitudes to risk held by illegal immigrants and host firms. It is shown that the effect of internal enforcement on the wage rate in host firms depends on the attitude to risk of illegal immigrants and host firms. It is also shown that the impacts of the minimum wage legislation differ according to risk preference and the degree of labor employment elasticity to the source wage. Moreover, attitude to risk is shown to be important in determining the effectiveness of policies on welfare.
The human-animal relationship: a new field of socio-educational action
Authors: Senent-Sánchez Joan-Maria 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
This article analyses the educational approaches towards the animal-human relationship which have been developed during the last 20 years. The article establishes a chain of states in that relationship and presents the reasons why those states are consecutive or, occasionally, simultaneous.
Next, the different European profiles of social educators are reviewed to see which of these are more open towards educational action with animals, something which could be considered a new field for educators if they have adequate professional training.
A series of European (and some American) websites are analysed in order to determine their approach towards the human-animal relationship. Although most of them are related to animal-assisted therapy, some francophone and Italian websites show approaches that go beyond that. That could imply an extension of the social educators’ field of action. Indeed, French and Southern-European models are closer to that point than the rest of the profiles analysed, in terms of the openness and flexibility they show towards new fields.
Effects of goal-setting skills on students’academic performance in english language in Enugu Nigeria
Authors: Abe Iyabo Idowu , Ilogu Guy Chibuzoh , Madueke Ify Louisa 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The study investigated the effectiveness of goal-setting skills among Senior Secondary II students’ academic performance in English language in Enugu Metropolis, Enugu state, Nigeria. Quasi-experimental pre-test, post-test control group design was adopted for the study. The initial sample was 147 participants (male and female) Senior Secondary School II students drawn from two public schools in Enugu zone of Enugu Metropolis. The final sample for the intervention consisted of 80 participants. This sample satisfied the condition for selection from the baseline data. Two research hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. Data generated were analyzed using the mean, standard deviation and t-test statistical method. The findings showed that performance in English language was enhanced among participants exposed to goal-setting intervention compared to those in the control group. The study also showed that there is a significant gender difference in students’ performance with female participants recording a higher mean score than males. Parental level of education was also found to be related to performance in English Language. Based on the findings, goal-setting intervention was recommended as a strategy to enhancing students’ academic performance particularly in English Language.
Biological soil crusts influence carbon release responses following rainfall in a temperate desert, northern China
Authors: Zhao Yang , Li Xinrong , Zhang Zhishang , Hu Yigang , Chen Yongle 
Published: July 2014

AbstractHow soil cover types and rainfall patterns influence carbon (C) release in temperate desert ecosystems has largely been unexplored. We removed intact crusts down to 10 cm from the Shapotou region, China, and measured them in PVC mesocosms, immediately after rainfall. C release rates were measured in soils with four cover types (moss‐crusted soil, algae‐crusted soil, mixed (composed of moss, algae, and lichen)‐crusted soil, and mobile dune sand). We investigated seven different rainfall magnitudes (0–1, 1–2, 2–5, 5–10, 10–15, 15–20, and >20 mm) under natural conditions. C release from all four BSCs increased with increasing rainfall amount. With a rainfall increase from 0 to 45 mm, carbon release amounts increased from 0.13 ± 0.09 to 15.2 ± 1.35 gC m−2 in moss‐crusted soil, 0.08 ± 0.06 to 6.43 ± 1.23 gC m−2 in algae‐crusted soil, 0.11 ± 0.08 to 8.01 ± 0.51 gC m−2 in mixed‐crusted soil, and 0.06 ± 0.04 to 8.47 ± 0.51 gC m−2 in mobile dune sand, respectively. Immediately following heavy rainfall events (44.9 mm), moss‐crusted soils showed significantly higher carbon release rates than algae‐ and mixed‐crusted soils and mobile dune sands, which were 0.95 ± 0.02, 0.30 ± 0.03, 0.13 ± 0.04, and 0.51 ± 0.02 μmol CO2 m−2 s−1, respectively. Changes in rainfall patterns, especially large rain pulses (>10 mm) affect the contributions of different soil cover types to carbon release amounts; moss‐crusted soils sustain higher respiration rates than other biological crusts after short‐term extreme rainfall events.
Trajectories of Alzheimer disease‐related cognitive measures in a longitudinal sample
Authors: Bilgel Murat , An Yang , Lang Andrew , Prince Jerry , Ferrucci Luigi , Jedynak Bruno , Resnick Susan M. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe delineation of the relative temporal trajectories of specific cognitive measures associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) is important for evaluating preclinical markers and monitoring disease progression.MethodsWe characterized the temporal trajectories of measures of verbal episodic memory, short‐term visual memory, and mental status using data from 895 participants in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging.ResultsThe California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) immediate recall was the first measure to decline, followed by CVLT delayed recall. However, further along the disease progression scale, CVLT delayed recall and visual memory changed more rapidly than CVLT immediate recall.ConclusionsOur findings reconcile reports of early changes in immediate recall with greater reliance on delayed recall performance in clinical settings. Moreover, the utility of cognitive markers in evaluating AD progression depends on the stage of cognitive decline, suggesting that optimal endpoints in therapeutic trials may vary across different stages of the disease process.
Aural microsuction for wax impaction: survey of efficacy and patient perception
Authors: Prowse S J , Mulla O 
Published: July 2014

AbstractObjective:Cerumen impaction is a common problem, and aural microsuction is a technique frequently employed for its management. This study aimed to quantify the patient perception, safety and efficacy of this procedure.Methods:Patients were asked to complete a questionnaire following cerumen clearance by microsuction. The perceived severity of pain, noise-related discomfort and vertigo was scored on a scale of 1 to 10. Patients with mastoid cavities and those who had used a cerumenolytic agent in the preceding week were analysed separately.Results:A total of 159 questionnaires were returned. Mean scores (95 per cent confidence intervals) were: pain, 2.34 (2.06–2.62); noise discomfort, 3.03 (2.71–3.35); and vertigo, 1.95 (1.66–2.25). There was successful clearance (i.e. sufficient to view the tympanic membrane) in 91 per cent of cases. Patients who had used cerumenolytics reported significantly less pain and vertigo (p = 0.008 and p < 0.001, respectively) compared with those who had not, whilst patients with mastoid cavities reported greater levels of vertigo (p < 0.001) than those without.Conclusion:Aural microsuction is well tolerated. Side effects are mild, and the prior use of cerumenolytics appears to further reduce their severity.
Understanding older adults' attitudes and beliefs about drinking: perspectives of residents in congregate living
Authors: BURRUSS KAREN , SACCO PAUL , SMITH CRISTAN A. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTDrinking motives may change as adults age, yet few studies in the United States of America have examined older adults' perspectives about their own drinking habits. The current study explored beliefs and attitudes of alcohol use of retired adults residing in a congregate care setting in the Baltimore/Washington DC metro area. Individual interviews were conducted with a sub-sample of 11 individuals who participated in a daily diary study on alcohol use among older adults. All participants in the study were identified as regular drinkers, meaning they had an alcoholic beverage on at least six of the eight days prior to screening. The participants' mean age was 81.5 years with a majority being women (54.5%). Older adults reported alcohol use as a long-term habit or routine. Participants also recognised that their alcohol use was influenced by peer drinking and by the availability of alcohol at the congregate care setting. Participants normalised their drinking as a form of routine socialisation carried from earlier life stages. Participants did not report reactive drinking, suggesting that older drinkers do not see their alcohol use as driven by specific reactions to life stresses or losses associated with ageing. The study also indicates that drinking may provide older adults in congregate care with a sense of continuity from before retirement and preserve their identity and autonomy.
The geographical co-distribution and socio-ecological drivers of childhood pneumonia and diarrhoea in Queensland, Australia
Authors: XU Z. , HU W. , TONG S. 
Published: July 2014

SUMMARYThis study aimed to explore the spatio-temporal patterns, geographical co-distribution, and socio-ecological drivers of childhood pneumonia and diarrhoea in Queensland. A Bayesian conditional autoregressive model was used to quantify the impacts of socio-ecological factors on both childhood pneumonia and diarrhoea at a postal area level. A distinct seasonality of childhood pneumonia and diarrhoea was found. Childhood pneumonia and diarrhoea were mainly distributed in the northwest of Queensland. Mount Isa city was the high-risk cluster where childhood pneumonia and diarrhoea co-distributed. Emergency department visits (EDVs) for pneumonia increased by 3% per 10-mm increase in monthly average rainfall in wet seasons. By comparison, a 10-mm increase in monthly average rainfall may cause an increase of 4% in EDVs for diarrhoea. Monthly average temperature was negatively associated with EDVs for childhood diarrhoea in wet seasons. Low socioeconomic index for areas (SEIFA) was associated with high EDVs for childhood pneumonia. Future pneumonia and diarrhoea prevention and control measures in Queensland should focus more on Mount Isa.
Low detection ofVibrio choleraecarriage in healthcare workers returning to 12 Latin American countries from Haiti
Authors: LLANES R. , SOMARRIBA L. , HERNÁNDEZ G. , BARDAJI Y. , AGUILA A. , MAZUMDER R. N. 
Published: July 2014

SUMMARYThis investigation was undertaken to characterize the prevalence of intestinalVibrio choleraein healthcare workers (HCWs) returning from Haiti due to the ongoing cholera epidemic. Eight hundred and fifty asymptomatic HCWs of the Cuban Medical Brigade, who planned to leave Haiti, were studied by laboratory screening of stool culture forV. cholerae. A very low percentage (0·23%) of toxigenicV. choleraeserogroup O1, serotype Ogawa was found. To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the largest reported screening study forV. choleraeinfection in asymptomatic HCWs returning from a cholera-affected country. Cholera transmission to health personnel highlights a possible risk of transmitting cholera during mobilization of the population for emergency response. Aid workers are encouraged to take precautions to reduce their risk for acquiring cholera and special care should be taken by consuming safe water and food and practising regular hand washing.