bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
History Matching Grosmont C Carbonate Thermal Production Performance
Authors: Qi Jinxiu , Yuan Jian-Yang 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
The Devonian Grosmont Formation is a bitumen saturated carbonate unit located in northern Alberta. It is considered to be Canada's second largest unconventional oil resource after the McMurray Formation oil sands. Production from the Grosmont Formation has been tested by a consortium of Unocal, Canadian Superior, AOSTRA, Chevron and other companies between 1970's to 1980's with some success and significant learning. Since 2010, Laricina Energy Ltd. and Osum Oil Sands Corp. have started a new wave of testing thermal recovery processes for the Grosmont Formation using horizontal wells. The Grosmont C carbonate reservoir contains vugs and fractures at multiple scales, and thus has a different porosity and permeability network than the clastic oil sands. This paper describes a numerical simulation approach to history matching the performance of one of the pilot wells in order to better characterize reservoir properties such as fractures and vugs at multiple scales and their interactions with the rock matrix. CMG's STARS dual porosity dual permeability module was used to simulate this complex system. The results of the simulation suggest that small-scale vugs should be combined with the matrix in order to obtain a better history match of the reservoir and production performance. Parameters describing fracture properties have become critical not only in matching the well behavior, but also in matching reservoir thermal responses. Advantages, limitations, and recommendations for using a dual porosity and dual permeability model for understanding a multiple-scale porous and permeability system are also discussed.
A New Method to Extract In-situ Bitumen From Core Samples
Authors: Zhao Hongying , Gao Jinglin , Jia Na , Memon Afzal , Ringen Jon Knut , Yang Tao , Larsen Jarle , Tollefsen Svein 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
A common challenge in fluid studies involving heavy oil, and bitumen in particular, is obtaining an in-situ bitumen sample from the highly viscous reservoirs that is water and solid free. In this paper, a salt-water assisted centrifugation (SWAC) method that was developed to effectively extract in-situ bitumen suitable for fluid studies from core samples is presented.
The method involved mixing salt water with core sample pieces at a defined ratio. The mixture was then centrifuged at 50°C to separate the bitumen from the water and sand. The result was a clean bitumen sample containing less than 1 wt% of water and 0.1 wt% of sediment and a recovery rate of approximately 90 wt%.
The properties of the recovered bitumen were characterized and compared with the properties of another bitumen sample that had been extracted by the mechanical squeeze (MS) method in order to understand how the salt and water used during the process may have impacted the chemical and physical properties of the bitumen sample. The experimental data showed that most of the properties of the two bitumen samples were similar with the exception of a slight variation in measured viscosities at various temperatures. The reasons for these measured viscosity differences are discussed.
When compared to commercialized methodologies for removing bitumen samples from cores, such as solvent extraction, MS and hot water/steam flooding methods, the presented solvent free method is characterized for its high bitumen recovery rate and high bitumen sample quality. The SWAC method offers an efficient alternative for extracting in-situ bitumen samples in quantities sufficient for fluid related studies.
Design and Field Evaluation of Tubing Deployed Passive Outflow Control Devices in SAGD Injection Wells
Authors: Medina Max 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
The integration of horizontal wells and thermal oil recovery methods, such as Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD), has enabled the economic exploitation of extra-heavy oil resources, mainly in Canada. The use of passive outflow control devices (OCDs) in SAGD wells adds steam injection points along the horizontal wellbore influencing steam placement and chamber growth; thus, potentially reducing the steam-to-oil ratio (SOR), productivity uncertainty and accelerating production.
For designing OCD installations in SAGD, we need to address two main aspects. Firstly, the interface between horizontal wellbore hydraulics and reservoir injectivity that allows determining the optimum number and location of the steam injection points. Secondly, the design of the OCD itself, which involves selecting and configuring the device with a hydraulic performance that is fit for purpose. For this study we will focus specifically on straight-orifice choke passive OCDs.
This paper presents a comprehensive design methodology for tubing deployed passive OCDs in SAGD. The completion design is carried out with a steady-state model of the injection well using a commercial thermal wellbore simulator.
The field performance evaluation of tubing deployed passive OCDs is critical for verifying the effectiveness of the design methodology and the hydraulic performance of the devices under real field conditions. The field evaluation is done by history matching the injection pressure vs. steam rate data with a model developed in the thermal wellbore simulator. A dynamic pressure gradient (under flowing conditions) in the injection string carrying the OCDs is obtained with a temperature log, taken with fiber optic technology, where the temperature data is converted to pressure by virtue of the properties of saturated steam. This approach is new for the SAGD industry.
The OCDs hydraulic field performance was successfully matched with the simulated model, which indicates the effectiveness of the design methodology, the field performance evaluation techniques and the effectiveness of the OCDs in delivering the desired amount of steam at each location.
Improve Economy of Oil Sands Reservoir Development by Integrating Reservoir Simulation with Economic Evaluation
Authors: Gu Fagang , LaPlante Hannah , Bergen David , Tachet Eric , Ferrarella Francesco 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
The development of oil sands reservoirs with Steam Assist Gravity Drainage (SAGD) is a capital intensive investment. It is crucial to improve the economic value through all aspects of the value chain, from reservoir, facility to end selling points. There are many studies focusing on optimizing the performance of single SAGD well pairs. However, few are looking into optimizing the overall economy of the development of large scale oil sands reservoirs.
This paper presents a case study of the value improvement process of an Athabasca oil sands reservoir to be developed with the SAGD process. The reservoir has various quality and a size of accommodating about 200 well pairs with 100m well spacing and 800m well length. The purpose of this paper is not to cover all value improvement aspects but from a subsurface engineering point of view to optimize reservoir development and production operation parameters to improve the overall reservoir development value. The investigated parameters include well spacing, steam injection pressure, artificial lift method, wind-down and blow-down criteria, and minimum oil rate of edge wells. In the process, reservoir simulation is fully integrated with economic evaluation. The optimization and decision are made based on economic assessment results, operation requirements and environmental benefits. In the value improvement process, both type well and full field reservoir simulation were used to forecast full field production for economic evaluation. Since the pad sequence also plays an important role in the reservoir development economy, to improve Net Present Value (NPV), a simple SAGD economic index is proposed and applied for pad ranking. The ranking results are compared with the pad-by-pad economic evaluation that included all economic elements but taxes. Through all these efforts, the NPV of the project was significantly improved.
Combined Heart Rate– and Accelerometer-Assessed Physical Activity Energy Expenditure and Associations With Glucose Homeostasis Markers in a Population at High Risk of Developing Diabetes
Authors: Hansen Anne-Louise S. , Carstensen Bendix , Helge Jørn W. , Johansen Nanna B. , Gram Bibi , Christiansen Jens S. , Brage Søren , Lauritzen Torsten , Jørgensen Marit E. , Aadahl Mette , Witte Daniel R. ,   ADDITION-Denmark Steering Committee
Published: June 2013

OBJECTIVE
Regular physical activity (PA) reduces the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, and different subtypes of dysglycemia have shown different associations with PA. To better understand the associations of PA and glucose homeostasis, we examined the association of objectively measured PA energy expenditure (PAEE) with detailed measures of glucose homeostasis.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
In 1,531 men and women, with low to high risk of developing type 2 diabetes, we measured 7 days of PAEE using a combined accelerometry and heart rate monitor (ActiHeart). Measures and indices of glucose homeostasis were derived from a 3-point oral glucose tolerance test in addition to measures of long-term glycemia (glycated hemoglobin A1c and advanced glycation end products). Associations of PAEE with glucose homeostasis markers were examined using linear regression models.

RESULTS
Median age (IQR) was 66.6 years (62.1–71.6) (54% men) with a median ActiHeart wear time of 6.9 days (6.0–7.1) and PAEE level of 33.0 kJ/kg/day (23.5–46.1). In fully adjusted models, we found higher levels of PAEE to be positively associated with insulin sensitivity and negatively with insulin 2 h after glucose load (P &lt; 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
Even in an elderly population with low levels of PA, we found higher objectively measured PAEE levels to be associated with a more beneficial glucose metabolic profile. Although our findings are cross-sectional, they indicate that even without high-intensity exercise, increasing the overall level of PAEE slightly in an entire population at risk for developing type 2 diabetes may be a realistic and worthwhile goal to reach in order to achieve beneficial effect in terms of glucose metabolism.
Effect of Intensive Lifestyle Intervention on Sexual Dysfunction in Women With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Wing Rena R. , Bond Dale S. , Gendrano Isaias Noel , Wadden Thomas , Bahnson Judy , Lewis Cora E. , Brancati Frederick , Schneider Stephen , Kitabchi Abbas E. , Van Dorsten Brent , Rosen Raymond C. ,   the Sexual Dysfunction Subgroup of the Look AHEAD Research Group
Published: June 2013

OBJECTIVE
Sexual dysfunction is a prevalent problem in obese women with type 2 diabetes. This study examined the effects of intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) in these women.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Look AHEAD is a 16-center, randomized, controlled trial evaluating the health effects of ILI compared with a control group (diabetes support and education [DSE]). The Look AHEAD Sexual Function Ancillary study included 375 female participants at five Look AHEAD sites. Participants completed the Female Sexual Function Inventory (FSFI) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and assessments of weight and cardiovascular risk factors at baseline and 1 year were made.

RESULTS
At baseline, 50% of the 229 participants who reported being sexually active met criteria for female sexual dysfunction (FSD); only BDI score was related to FSD. One-year weight losses were greater in the ILI group than in the DSE group (7.6 vs. 0.45 kg; P &lt; 0.001). Among women with FSD at baseline, those in the ILI group (N = 60) compared with those in the DSE group (N = 53) were significantly more likely to remain sexually active (83 vs. 64%; P &lt; 0.008), reported greater improvement in total FSFI scores and in most FSFI domains (P &lt; 0.05), and were more likely to experience remission of FSD (28 vs. 11%; P &lt; 0.04) at 1 year. No significant differences between ILI and DSE were seen in women who did not have FSD at baseline.

CONCLUSIONS
Participation in ILI appeared to have beneficial effects on sexual functioning among obese women with diabetes, particularly in those who had FSD at baseline.
On Asymmetric Distances
Authors: Mennucci Andrea C.G. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
In this paper we discuss asymmetric length structures and
asymmetric metric spaces.
A length structure induces a (semi)distance function; by using
the total variation formula, a (semi)distance function induces a
length. In the first part we identify a topology in the set of paths
that best describes when the above operations are idempotent.
As a typical application, we consider the length of paths
defined by a Finslerian functional in Calculus of Variations.
In the second part we generalize the setting of General metric spaces
of Busemann, and discuss the newly found aspects of
the theory: we identify three interesting classes of paths, and
compare them; we note that a geodesic segment (as defined
by Busemann) is not necessarily continuous in our setting;
hence we present three different notions of intrinsic metric
space.
Association Between Foot Type and Lower Extremity Injuries: Systematic Literature Review With Meta-analysis
Authors: Tong Jasper W.K. , Kong Pui W. 
Published: June 2013

Study Design Systematic literature review with meta-analysis. Objectives To investigate the association between nonneutral foot types (high arch and flatfoot) and lower extremity and low back injuries, and to identify the most appropriate methods to use for foot classification. Methods A search of 5 electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses), Google Scholar, and the reference lists of included studies was conducted to identify relevant articles. The review included comparative cross-sectional, case-control, and prospective studies that reported qualitative/quantitative associations between foot types and lower extremity and back injuries. Quality of the selected studies was evaluated, and data synthesis for the level of association between foot types and injuries was conducted. A random-effects model was used to pool odds ratio (OR) and standardized mean difference (SMD) results for meta-analysis. Results Twenty-nine studies were included for meta-analysis. A significant association between nonneutral foot types and lower extremity injuries was determined (OR = 1.23; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.11, 1.37; P<.001). Foot posture index (OR = 2.58; 95% CI: 1.33, 5.02; P<.01) and visual/physical examination (OR = 1.17; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.28; P<.01) were 2 assessment methods using distinct foot-type categories that showed a significant association with lower extremity injuries. For foot-assessment methods using a continuous scale, measurements of lateral calcaneal pitch angle (SMD, 1.92; 95% CI: 1.44, 2.39; P<.00001), lateral talocalcaneal angle (SMD, 1.36; 95% CI: 0.93, 1.80; P<.00001), and navicular height (SMD, 0.34; 95% CI: 0.16, 0.52; P<.001) showed significant effect sizes in identifying high-arch foot, whereas the navicular drop test (SMD, 0.45; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.87; P<.05) and relaxed calcaneal stance position (SMD, 0.49; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.97; P<.05) displayed significant effect sizes in identifying flatfoot. Subgroup analyses revealed no significant associations for children with flatfoot, cross-sectional studies, or prospective studies on high arch. Conclusions High-arch and flatfoot foot types are associated with lower extremity injuries, but the strength of this relationship is low. Although the foot posture index and visual/physical examination showed significance, they are qualitative measures. Radiographic and navicular height measurements can delineate high-arch foot effectively, with only anthropometric measures accurately classifying flatfoot. Level of Evidence Prognosis, level 2a. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2013;43(10):700–714. Epub 11 June 2013. doi:10.2519/jospt.2013.4225
The Effectiveness of Postoperative Physical Therapy Treatment in Patients Who Have Undergone Arthroscopic Partial Meniscectomy: Systematic Review With Meta-analysis
Authors: Dias Josilainne Marcelino , Mazuquin Bruno Fles , Mostagi Fernanda Queiroz Ribeiro Cerci , Lima Tarcísio Brandão , Silva Mônica Angélica Cardoso , Resende Bruna Nogueira , da Silva Rodrigo Matsuoka Borges , Lavado Edson Lopes , Cardoso Jefferson Rosa 
Published: June 2013

Study Design Systematic review with meta-analysis. Objectives To evaluate the effectiveness of postoperative physical therapy treatment for patients who have undergone arthroscopic partial meniscectomy. Background There is no consensus on which treatment is best for patients post meniscectomy. Methods A search for articles published from 1950 to March 2013 was conducted in the MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, LILACS, SciELO, IBECS, Scopus, Web of Science, PEDro, Academic Search Premier, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases. The key words were physiotherapy, physical therapy modalities, exercise therapy, rehabilitation, knee, placebo, groups, tibial meniscus, meniscus, arthroscopy, meniscectomy, partial meniscectomy, randomized controlled trial, controlled clinical trial, randomized, systematic review, and meta-analysis. Results Eighteen randomized controlled trials were included in the review, 6 of which were included in the meta-analysis. Outpatient physical therapy plus a home exercise program, compared to a home program alone, improved function compared to a home program alone (mean difference, 10.3; 95% confidence interval: 1.3, 19.3; P = .02) and knee flexion range of motion (mean difference, 9.1; 95% confidence interval: 3.7, 14.5; P = .0009). Inpatient physical therapy alone compared to inpatient plus outpatient physical therapy reduced the likelihood of effusion (odds ratio = 0.25; 95% confidence interval: 0.10, 0.61; P = .003). Conclusion Physical therapy associated with home exercises seems to be effective in improving patient-reported knee function and range of motion in patients post-arthroscopic meniscectomy, although the included randomized controlled trials were classified from moderate to high risk of bias and should be interpreted with caution. Level of Evidence Therapy, level 1a-. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2013;43(8):560–576. Epub 11 June 2013. doi:10.2519/jospt.2013.4255
Are Joint Injury, Sport Activity, Physical Activity, Obesity, or Occupational Activities Predictors for Osteoarthritis? A Systematic Review
Authors: Richmond Sarah A. , Fukuchi Reginaldo K. , Ezzat Allison , Schneider Kathryn , Schneider Geoff , Emery Carolyn A. 
Published: June 2013

Study Design Systematic review with meta-analysis. Objectives To identify risk factors for osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee, hip, and ankle, including joint injury, sport, physical activity, overweight/obesity, and occupational activity, in all age groups. Background OA is a significant health problem worldwide, affecting up to 10% of men and 18% of women over 60 years of age. There has not been a comprehensive review examining modifiable physical risk factors associated with the onset of OA. This evidence is important to inform the physiotherapy management of individuals following onset of OA. Methods Twelve electronic databases were systematically reviewed. The studies selected met the following criteria: (1) original data; (2) joint injury, sport activity, physical activity, overweight/obesity, and/or occupational activity investigated as risk factors; (3) outcomes included OA (hip, knee, and/or ankle); and (4) analytic component of study design. The data extracted included study design, years of follow-up, study population, OA definition, risk factors, and results (effect estimates reported or calculated where available). The quality of evidence was assessed based on a modified version of the Downs and Black checklist. Results Joint injury, obesity, and occupational activity were associated with an increased risk of OA of the knee and hip. Sport and physical activity produced inconsistent findings. Joint injury was identified as a significant risk factor for knee OA (combined odds ratio = 3.8; 95% confidence interval: 2.0, 7.2) and hip OA (combined odds ratio = 5.0; 95% confidence interval: 1.4, 18.2), as was previous meniscectomy with or without anterior cruciate ligament injury for knee OA (combined odds ratio = 7.4; 95% confidence interval: 4.0, 13.7). There is a paucity of research examining risk factors associated with ankle OA; this review identified only 2 studies with this outcome. Conclusion Joint injury, obesity, and occupational activity are associated with an increased risk of knee and hip OA. Some findings remain inconclusive, including levels of physical activity and sport specificity in individuals who do not suffer an injury. Early identification of individuals at risk for OA provides an opportunity for physiotherapy management or other interventions to modify risk-related behavior. There is a need in the literature for additional high-quality studies, such as prospective cohort studies, that minimize potential bias in examining the relationship between physical risk factors and OA. Level of Evidence Prognosis, level 2a-. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2013;43(8):515–524. Epub 11 June 2013. doi:10.2519/jospt.2013.4796
"Will We be Tested on This?": Schoolgirls, Neoliberalism and the Comic Grotesque in Swedish Contemporary Youth Theatre
Authors: Lundberg Anna 
Published: June 2013

This article is based on an ethnographic participation study of the production of a play called All about the ADHD and A+ Children of Noisy Village (ännu mer om alla vi ADHD- och MVG-barn i Bullerbyn) staged at one of Sweden’s most prominent playhouses for children’s and youth theatre: ung scen/öst. Within the familiar setting of the classroom, the play takes on the challenging task of questioning and scrutinizing the complex and tangled situation of contemporary neoliberal ideas and practices, their connections to capitalism and their impact on everyday school-life. This in front of an audience consisting mainly of individuals who were not even born at the time when the political map was radically re-drawn in Berlin in 1989, and who have grown up during a period when neoliberal governance has gained increasing influence in Swedish culture and society. The play mediates its dense, political content and its descriptions of teenagers’ everyday lives through a large portion of good old-fashioned entertainment, with music, singing and bizarre, laughter-provoking situations.
The main research question to be answered in the article is: In what ways are the abstract contemporary economic-political manifestations of power and govern-ance expressed in this good-humored play for youth, and how can this be read from a feminist perspective? Hence, the article circles around three nodes that intersect in various ways: theatre, economic-political issues and feminist perspectives. The theoretical framework of the article is primarily based on a merger between, on the one hand, feminist social science and, on the other, feminist cultural analysis.