bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Critical Review on Millets (Superfood of all Time): Importance, Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Cheema Sharandeep Singh , Kumar Vijay , Anshu  , Aditya  , Ebenezer V.D. 
Published: June 2024

Climate change, water scarcity, population growth, rising food prices, and other socioeconomic repercussions are anticipated to pose a serious danger to agriculture and global food security in the twenty-first century, especially for the world's poorest residents of arid and subarid countries. We must concentrate on dry lands in order to significantly boost the production of grains because agricultural fields with irrigation systems have been fully utilized. It is difficult to use arid areas to produce sufficient quality grains because of their poor productivity. The most important source of food in the world is cereal grains, which also play an important part in the global diet of people. In the semiarid tropics of Africa and Asia, millet is one of the most significant drought-resistant crops and is a major source of carbohydrates and proteins for the local population. Additionally, millet grain is currently attracting more interest from food scientists, technologists, and nutritionists due to its significant contribution to national food security and potential health advantages. The phytochemicals found in millet grains have a beneficial impact on human health by reducing phytates and cholesterol levels. The quest for substitute grains is necessary to relieve the pressure caused by the frenetic demands on cereals and their uses in numerous industries. The performance improved when pearl and finger millets were substituted for maize in the diets of several animals. In terms of poor growth conditions and high nutritional value, millets outperform other grains like wheat and rice as crops that are climate change compliant. These strategies will aid in the fight against hunger and malnutrition while also providing monetary benefits to the millet growers and other stakeholders.
Vertisols Pedological Characterization: Soil Morphology, Properties, Classification and Fertility Levels
Authors: Nyaombo Julius Jackson 
Published: June 2024

A detailed pedological characterization of vertisols was carried out from in Itigi district central Tanzania from 2022 to 2023 to adequately attain data relevant for agricultural planning and executing soil fertility studies across the district. Six sites were selected, named as IPD-P1, DML-P1, ITIG-P1, KTR-P1, SJR-P1 and TKR-P1 and considered as benchmark sites of existing vertisols in the district with reference to existing soil information and a prior conducted reconnaissance soil survey. Four samples from each site making a total of 24 samples were collected and analyzed with standard laboratory procedures for understanding their chemical and physical properties. The soil profiles were adequately very deep dominated by clayey. The pH level in all soils were between slightly acidic (< 6.4) to moderate alkaline (> 8.2). Available P, K and Zn were generally low (> 2.1 cmol(+) /kg, >17.4 cmol(+) /kg, 0.79 cmol(+) /kg respectively) in all study profiles. Levels of Exchangeable bases in all study profile were adequately available in which Ca dominated over others (<15 cmol(+)/kg. With the use of USDA soil taxonomy, profiles were classified as IPD-P1 (vertic chromic gypsitorrests) DML-P1 (vertic chromic calcitorrests) ITG-P1 (vertic chromic gypsitorrests) KTR-P1 (vertic chromic calcitorrests) SJR-P1 (vertic chromic gypsitorrests) and TKR (vertic chromic gypsitorrests). The six studied profiles had slight variations among them and within their horizons in terms of physical and chemical properties, and therefore this enhances the need of carrying soil characterization for effective fertilization recommendations.
The AI Act – The Epitome of Outdated Tech Governance — Exploring the Need for Innovative Regulation and Pathways to Modern Tech Governance
Authors: Molavi Vasse’i Ramak 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The paper provides a critical assessment of the EU’s AI Act, highlighting its deficiencies in addressing the complex challenges posed by AI technologies. The analysis underscores that while transparency and evaluation measures are essential components of AI governance, the Act’s over-reliance on these measures alone is insufficient to effectively regulate the rapid proliferation of AI applications. Criticizing the AI Act’s emphasis on innovation at the expense of genuinely beneficial technological development, Molavi Vasse’i argues for governance reforms that not only adapt to the evolving nature of AI, but also prioritize its impact on individuals and society. The paper calls for a rethinking of tech governance to create regulatory frameworks that are as adaptive as the technologies they aim to govern, with a primary focus on enhancing societal well-being, which should be the fundamental goal of all economic and technological progress.
Aktuelles zu Bildung und Sport in der Umsatzsteuer – Teil 1
Authors: Esteves Gomes Cristian 
Published: June 2024

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag behandelt die geplanten Gesetzesänderungen durch das JStG 2024 sowie aktuelle BMF-Schreiben jeweils zu Bildung und Sport: im ersten Teil die Neuerungen zum Ort der Leistung und zur Medienneutralität; im zweiten Teil die Steuerbefreiungen und die E-Rechnung.
Perceived stress of patients in the preoperative period of cardiac surgeries / Estresse percebido de pacientes no pré-operatório de cirurgias cardíacas
Authors: Tornizielo do Amaral Gabriela , Algarte Fernandes Paolla , Maier Suellen Rodrigues de Oliveira , Ferreira Rodrigues João Paulo , Dessotte Carina Aparecida Marosti 
Published: June 2024

Objetivo: avaliar a percepção de estresse de pacientes no pré-operatório de cirurgias cardíacas. Método: estudo transversal com pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio, cirurgias para correção de valvopatias e cirurgias para correção das doenças de aorta. A coleta foi realizada por meio de entrevistas individuais e consulta aos prontuários dos participantes. Para a avaliação da percepção de estresse, foi utilizada a Escala de Percepção de Estresse, composta por dez itens respondidos numa escala ordinal de zero a cinco pontos, com escores variando de 0 a 40 pontos, com maiores valores indicando maior sintomatologia. Resultados: participaram do estudo 26 pacientes predominantemente valvopatas, do sexo feminino, com sobrepeso/obesidade e hipertensão arterial. Quanto ao estresse percebido, a média do escore encontrada na amostra foi de 16,7, variando de dois a 30 pontos. Conclusão: concluímos que os pacientes apresentaram baixos sintomas de estresse no pré-operatório de cirurgias cardíacas.
Rubber, Natural
Authors: Baker C. S. L. , Fulton W. S. ,   Updated by Staff
Published: October 2012

Abstract

Natural rubber is derived from the
Hevea brasiliensis
tree. This article summarizes the history of natural rubber with seedlings planted in Malaysia in 1877 through present day production figures. Latex collection and its coagulation produce various types of dry rubber grades. Raw rubber properties, such as crystallization, storage, hardening, cure behavior, and plasticity retention index are covered as is chemistry and technology of natural rubber. The technical advantages of natural rubber, blends with synthetic rubber, vulcanization systems available are outlined. Natural rubber latex's preparation, concentration and properties are described. Uses of natural rubber, as well as its modified forms, are detailed. The major use of natural rubber is for tires. A major concern has been protein allergy in latex rubber gloves and condoms. Ways to prevent these allergies are discussed.
Cosmeceutical Compounds From Marine Sources
Authors: Vo Thanh‐Sang , Kim Se‐Kwon 
Published: October 2012

AbstractCosmeceuticals represent a marriage between cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. These cosmeceuticals are cosmetic products with biologically active ingredients purporting to have medical or drug‐like benefits. They are formulated not only to improve the skin's appearance but also to enhance positive physiological effects at the cellular level. Because of the demand of consumers, cosmeceutical products have become one of the fastest growing industries. Simultaneously, it is necessary to discover novel bioactive substances with efficient, safe, and stable properties from natural sources for cosmeceutical development. Recently, marine resources have been demonstrated as rich sources of structurally diverse biologically active compounds with great cosmeceutical potential. Numerous compounds isolated from marine organisms exhibit various cosmeceutical activities such as antioxidant, antiinflammation, antiallergy, antiaging and antiwrinkling effect, tyrosinase and MMP inhibition, and ultraviolet protection. Accordingly, this contribution focuses on cosmeceutical compounds derived from marine sources and presents a brief overview of their cosmeceutical activities with health benefits.
Athanasius (c.296–373)
Authors: Kolbet Paul R. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBorn in Alexandria, Egypt, Athanasius was secretary to Alexander, the Alexandrian bishop, as a young deacon during the Council of Nicaea in 325 – the first general council of the whole church of the Roman Empire. He became bishop of Alexandria in 328, a position he held for the following 45 years. Athanasius, thus, exerted influence over the entire Egyptian Church for nearly a half century. Through his association with Nicaea, Athanasius became the emblematic hero of the council's theology. He advanced a highly unitive theology that did not distinguish gradations of divinity, but insisted that Christ was fully divine by nature. He argued that the non‐biblical vocabulary introduced in the Nicene Creed was not a new teaching, but was, instead, the best way of preserving in precise language the previous teaching both of the New Testament and of prior tradition. For this reason, Athanasius is a pivotal figure in arguably the most significant moment in the development of Christian thinking. In an early, expansive, two‐part treatise,Against the GentilesandOn the Incarnation, Athanasius provides a coherent theology relating God and the world in such a way that Christ is the focal point of human salvation. In his interpretation, the life‐giving power of Christ's full divinity is the only remedy to the creaturely instability that arises from human finitude. Unable to be the source of their own existence, subject to decay and death, human beings find life itself given them in the flesh of Christ. Athanasius continued to expand upon these themes in his threeOrations against the Arians, which are particularly noteworthy for their explication of the scriptural basis of Nicene Christology.
Computational Modeling of Columnar to Equiaxed Transition in Alloy Solidification
Authors: Mirihanage Wajira U. , Dai Huijuan , Dong Hongbiao , Browne David J. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe columnar to equiaxed transition (CET) provides a challenging simulation goal for computational models of alloy solidification, in addition to being an important technological feature of many casting processes. CET thus provides an industrially relevant test‐case for those developing numerical models across a range of scales. Whether or not CET occurs depends on numerous experimental parameters such as cooling rate, speed of columnar growth, thermal gradient in the liquid, and level of grain refiner in the alloy. Information on columnar and equiaxed grain structure, and the transition between the two, is very useful for foundry engineers, at the macroscopic scale of the casting. The detailed microstructure within each grain is determined by typically dendritic growth and local transport of solute and heat. This paper presents a review of recent progress on modeling CET at multiple length scales. It is evident that, whilst micro‐models can provide simulations of physical phenomena, such as the evolution of dendrite morphology, at scales 10−3 to 10−5 m, finite computational resources preclude this resolution over the length scale of castings which is in the 10−2–100 m range. Instead, reasonably accurate models of CET formation in castings can be achieved by meso‐scale modeling featuring 10−3–10−2 m phenomena. Such meso‐scale models make use of analytical expressions to simulate dendrite growth in undercooled melts. Recent progress in modeling of CET, at both macro/meso‐ and micro‐scales is reviewed, and computational challenges yet to be met are summarized.
Invisibility and Cloaking Based on Scattering Cancellation
Authors: Chen Pai‐Yen , Soric Jason , Alù Andrea 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAdvances in material synthesis and in metamaterial technology offer new venues to tailor the electromagnetic properties of devices, which may go beyond conventional limits in a variety of fields and applications. Invisibility and cloaking are perhaps one of the most thought‐provoking possibilities offered by these new classes of advanced materials. Here, recently proposed solutions for invisibility and cloaking using metamaterials, metasurfaces, graphene and/or plasmonic materials in different spectral ranges are reviewed and highlighted. The focus is primarily on scattering‐cancellation approaches, describing material challenges, venues and opportunities for the plasmonic and the mantle cloaking techniques, applied to various frequency windows and devices. Analogies, potentials and relevant opportunities of these concepts are discussed, their potential realization and the underlying technology required to verify these phenomena are reviewed with an emphasis on the material aspects involved. Finally, these solutions are compared with other popular cloaking techniques.
Polypyrrole/Poly(acrylonitrile‐co‐butyl acrylate) Composite
Authors: Unsal Cem , Kalaoglu Fatma , Karakas Hale , Sezai Sarac A. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractPoly(acrylonitrile‐co‐butyl acrylate) [P(AN‐co‐BuA)] was synthesized from acrylonitrile (AN) 95% and butyl acrylate (BuA) 5%—molar ratios—by free‐radical polymerization in aqueous media, using ceric ammonium nitrate as an initiator. Pyrrole was oxidatively polymerized in dimethylformamide in the presence of P(AN‐co‐BuA) matrix to produce polypyrrole (PPy) composites. Composite thin films were produced by solution casting onto smooth glass surfaces. Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared–attenuated total reflectance analysis of thin films revealed the presence of PPy in the composite structure. Electrical impedance measurements were conducted to reveal the electrical conductivity change due to increasing PPy content. Enhancing the flexibility of PPy structures, as a composite film composed of PPy, could find substantial utility in the application of PPy products. BuA in a copolymer structure with AN improved the mechanical properties of the resulting copolymer by compensating the mechanical disadvantages of PPy. The butylacrylate containing matrix provided better electrical conductivity and stability than polyacrylonitrile, and the presence of butylacrylate enhanced the electrostatic interaction with PPy. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 32: E784–E792, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/adv.21321
Visual Studies of Model Foam Development for Rotational Molding Processes
Authors: Emami Maryam , Takacs Elizabeth , Thompson Michael R. , Vlachopoulos John , Maziers Eric 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis work explores the foam development process under atmospheric pressure as applicable to rotational molding, investigating the influence of the processing parameters, and characterizing the morphology of the foamed structure. Detailed understanding of the bubble transformation during foaming of nonpressurized polymer melts provided an accurate basis for predicting the morphological structure and macroscopic properties of foams produced by rotational molding. The experimental results are based on visualization studies using a hot stage microscopy setup. The cellular structure developed during the foaming was analyzed for its bubble density, bubble size, and statistical parameters considering the combined effect of these two factors. It was found during this investigation that the foaming mechanism comprises four distinct stages. It included two major stages of bubble nucleation, primary nucleation in interstitial regions, and secondary nucleation in the polymer melt. Statistical analysis of the developing foamed structure revealed that primary nucleation in the interstitial regions was the controlling stage in determining the final cellular structure. Subsequently, the nucleation stages were followed by bubble growth and bubble coalescence/shrinkage. The microscopic observations were complemented by actual rotational foam molding experiments. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 32: E809–E821, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/adv.21323
Chemische Biologie der Glycosylphosphatidylinosit‐Anker
Authors: Tsai Yu‐Hsuan , Liu Xinyu , Seeberger Peter H. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractGlycosylphosphatidylinosite (GPIs) gehören zu einer Klasse komplexer Glycolipide, die als C‐terminale posttranslationale Modifikation kovalent an Proteine gebunden werden. Sie verankern Proteine in der Zellmembran und sind essenziell für die natürliche Funktionsfähigkeit der meisten eukaryotischen Zellen. GPI‐verankerte Proteine können sich strukturell und funktional stark voneinander unterscheiden. Viele GPIs wurden strukturell charakterisiert, aber abgesehen von ihrer einfachen physikalischen Ankerfunktion ist wenig über ihre biologische Rolle bekannt. Die funktionelle Aufklärung der GPI‐Anker auf molekularer Ebene ist noch wenig fortgeschritten. Dieser Aufsatz konzentriert sich auf die biologischen Funktionen von GPIs, die durch die Verwendung synthetischer Moleküle aufgeklärt werden konnten. Zudem enthält er eine Zusammenfassung über die strukturelle Diversität dieser Glycolipide und befasst sich ebenfalls mit deren biologischer und chemischer Synthese.
18F‐Markierung von Arenen
Authors: Tredwell Matthew , Gouverneur Véronique 
Published: October 2012

AbstractDie molekulare Bildgebung hat ein sprunghaftes Wachstum erlebt, wobei die Positronenemissionstomographie an vorderster Stelle steht. Dieser Trend ermutigte zahlreiche Synthesechemiker, das Gebiet der 18F‐Radiochemie zu betreten und allgemeine Lösungen für die Herausforderungen einer Fluorierung zu einem späten Zeitpunkt der Synthese zu erarbeiten. Dieser Kurzaufsatz konzentriert sich auf neue Entwicklungen in der 18F‐Markierung von aromatischen Substraten.
Chemical Biology of Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Anchors
Authors: Tsai Yu‐Hsuan , Liu Xinyu , Seeberger Peter H. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractGlycosylphosphatidylinositols (GPIs) are complex glycolipids that are covalently linked to the C‐terminus of proteins as a posttranslational modification. They anchor the attached protein to the cell membrane and are essential for normal functioning of eukaryotic cells. GPI‐anchored proteins are structurally and functionally diverse. Many GPIs have been structurally characterized but comprehension of their biological functions, beyond the simple physical anchoring, remains largely speculative. Work on functional elucidation at a molecular level is still limited. This Review focuses on the roles of GPI unraveled by using synthetic molecules and summarizes the structural diversity of GPIs, as well as their biological and chemical syntheses.
Effect of pressure pulsing on concentration boundary layer over membrane—a numerical investigation
Authors: Lalrinsanga R. K. , Bejgam Nagesh B. , Ganguly Somenath 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTBack‐pulsing to reduce concentration polarization in a reverse osmosis process is studied in this article by solving the convection–diffusion equation. This was observed that the concentration depolarization starts with dispelling the concentrated layer from the membrane surface, followed by rapid homogenization of the boundary layer. The time taken to accomplish the aforementioned steps depends on the extent of polarization prior to back‐pulse. The stopping of forward flux has substantial depolarizing effect on the boundary layer. The gain from this scheme, after accounting for the loss of permeate to the feed stream, is found to decrease with increase in forward filtration time, reverse flux, or the duration over which the reverse flow is continued. Also, the gain is studied as function of bulk concentration and transmembrane pressure differential. In cross‐flow mode, the expulsion of concentrated layer from the membrane surface is observed. However, the concentration gradient for back‐mixing is not substantial in the presence of cross‐flow. The gradient in concentration along the distance from the inlet end is preserved when the fluid layer is pushed away from the membrane surface during reverse flow. © 2012 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experimental and ANFIS modeling for fouling analysis of oily wastewater treatment using ultrafiltration
Authors: Noshadi Iman , Salahi Abdolhamid , Hemmati Mahmood , Rekabdar Fatemeh , Mohammadi Toraj 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTThis work presents an experimental investigation and modeling of fouling mechanisms involved in ultrafiltration of oily wastewater streams. Hermia's models were used to investigate the fouling mechanisms. The experimental results performed at different cross flow velocity (CFV) (0.5, 1, and 1.5 m/s) and transemembrane pressure (TMP) (1.5, 3, and 4.5 bar) showed that the best fit to the experimental data corresponds to the cake layer formation model followed by the intermediate blocking model for all the experimental conditions tested. Furthermore, this work explores the application of the ANFIS as a model to predict permeation in ultrafiltration (UF) system. The selected experimental data were trained by a hybrid learning algorithm combining the forward pass and the backward pass. The good agreement of the model with experimental data underscores the ease and accuracy of the ANFIS in modeling such a complex systems. © 2012 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanical properties of graphene nanoplatelet/epoxy composites
Authors: King Julia A. , Klimek Danielle R. , Miskioglu Ibrahim , Odegard Greg M. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBecause of their high‐specific stiffness, carbon‐filled epoxy composites can be used in structural components in fixed‐wing aircraft. Graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) are short stacks of individual layers of graphite that are a newly developed, lower cost material that often increases the composite tensile modulus. In this work, researchers fabricated neat epoxy (EPON 862 with Curing Agent W) and 1–6 wt % GNP in epoxy composites. The cure cycle used for this aerospace epoxy resin was 2 h at 121°C followed by 2 h at 177°C. These materials were tested for tensile properties using typical macroscopic measurements. Nanoindentation was also used to determine modulus and creep compliance. These macroscopic results showed that the tensile modulus increased from 2.72 GPa for the neat epoxy to 3.36 GPa for 6 wt % (3.7 vol %) GNP in epoxy composite. The modulus results from nanoindentation followed this same trend. For loadings from 10 to 45 mN, the creep compliance for the neat epoxy and GNP/epoxy composites was similar. The GNP aspect ratio in the composite samples was confirmed to be similar to that of the as‐received material by using the percolation threshold measured from electrical resistivity measurements. Using this GNP aspect ratio, the two‐dimensional randomly oriented filler Halpin–Tsai model adjusted for platelet filler shape predicts the tensile modulus well for the GNP/epoxy composites. Per the authors' knowledge, mechanical properties and modeling for this GNP/epoxy system have never been reported in the open literature. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013