bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining Rural/Urban Differences in Prescription Opioid Misuse Among US Adolescents
Authors: Monnat Shannon M. , Rigg Khary K. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractPurposeThis study examines differences in prescription opioid misuse (POM) among adolescents in rural, small urban, and large urban areas of the United States and identifies several individual, social, and community risk factors contributing to those differences.MethodsWe used nationally representative data from the 2011 and 2012 National Survey on Drug Use and Health and estimated binary logistic regression and formal mediation models to assess past‐year POM among 32,036 adolescents aged 12‐17.ResultsAmong adolescents, 6.8% of rural, 6.0% of small urban, and 5.3% of large urban engaged in past‐year POM. Net of multiple risk and protective factors, rural adolescents have 35% greater odds and small urban adolescents have 21% greater odds of past‐year POM compared to large urban adolescents. The difference between rural and small urban adolescents was not significant. Criminal activity, lower perceived substance use risk, and greater use of emergency medical treatment partially contribute to higher odds among rural adolescents, but they are also partially buffered by less peer substance use, less illicit drug access, and stronger religious beliefs.ConclusionsResearchers, policy makers, and treatment providers must consider the complex array of individual, social, and community risk and protective factors to understand rural/urban differences in adolescent POM. Potential points of intervention to prevent POM in general and reduce rural disparities include early education about addiction risks, use of family drug courts to link criminal offenders to treatment, and access to nonemergency medical services to reduce rural residents’ reliance on emergency departments where opioid prescribing is more likely.
Sleep and the generalization of fear learning
Authors: Davidson Per , Carlsson Ingegerd , Jönsson Peter , Johansson Mikael 
Published: September 2015

SummaryFear conditioning is an important survival mechanism, as is the ability to generalize learned fear responses to stimuli that are similar to the original conditioned stimulus. Overgeneralization of fear learning, prominent in many anxiety disorders, is however highly maladaptive. Because sleep is involved in the consolidation of fear learning, and in active processing of information, the present study explored the effect of sleep on generalization of fear learning. Participants watched a random sequence of pictures of a small and a big circle, one of them coupled with an aversive sound. Then, after a delay period containing either a nap or wake, generalization was examined as participants watched the two circles again, together with eight novel circles that gradually varied in size between the former two. Results showed that the fear response increased as a function of similarity to the conditioned response. However, there was no difference in the degree of generalization between the sleep and the wake group.
Hepatitis E: an emerging global disease – from discovery towards control and cure
Authors: Khuroo Mehnaaz S. , Khuroo Mohammad S. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryHepatitis E is a systemic disease affecting the liver predominantly and caused by infection with the hepatitis E virus (HEV). HEV has marked genetic heterogeneity and is known to infect several animal species including pigs, boar, deer, mongoose, rabbit, camel, chicken, rats, ferret, bats and cutthroat trout. HEV is the sole member of the family Hepeviridae and has been divided into 2 genera: Orthohepevirus (mammalian and avian HEV) and Piscihepevirus (trout HEV). Human HEVs included within the genus Orthohepevirus are designated Orthohepevirus A (isolates from human, pig, wild boar, deer, mongoose, rabbit and camel). Hepatitis E is an important public health concern, and an estimated one‐third of the world population has been infected with HEV. In recent years, autochthonous hepatitis E is recognized as a clinical problem in industrialized countries. Several animal species especially domestic swine, wild boar and wild deer are reservoirs of genotype HEV‐3 and HEV‐4 in these countries. Human infections occur through intake of uncooked or undercooked meat of the infected animals and pig livers or sausages made from these livers and sold in supermarkets. HEV can be transmitted through blood and blood component transfusions, and donor screening for HEV is under serious consideration. Chronic hepatitis E resulting in rapidly progressive liver cirrhosis and end‐stage liver disease has been described in organ transplant patients. Ribavirin monotherapy attains sustained virological response in most patients. HEV 239 vaccine has been marketed in China and its long‐term efficacy over four and a half years reported.
Complex genome evolution in Anopheles coluzzii associated with increased insecticide usage in Mali
Authors: Main Bradley J. , Lee Yoosook , Collier Travis C. , Norris Laura C. , Brisco Katherine , Fofana Abdrahamane , Cornel Anthony J. , Lanzaro Gregory C. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn certain cases, a species may have access to important genetic variation present in a related species via adaptive introgression. These novel alleles may interact with their new genetic background, resulting in unexpected phenotypes. In this study, we describe a selective sweep on standing variation on the X chromosome in the mosquito Anopheles coluzzii, a principal malaria vector in West Africa. This event may have been influenced by the recent adaptive introgression of the insecticide resistance gene known as kdr from the sister species Anopheles gambiae. Individuals carrying both kdr and a nearly fixed X‐linked haplotype, encompassing at least four genes including the P450 gene CYP9K1 and the cuticular protein CPR125, have rapidly increased in relative frequency. In parallel, a reproductively isolated insecticide‐susceptible A. gambiae population (Bamako form) has been driven to local extinction, likely due to strong selection from increased insecticide‐treated bed net usage.
A DNA‐binding protein defines the precise region of chromosome capture during Bacillus sporulation
Authors: Miller Allyssa K. , Brown Emily E. , Mercado Benjamin T. , Herman Jennifer K. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryDuring sporulation, Bacillus subtilis divides around the nucleoid near one cell pole, initially capturing approximately one quarter of one chromosome in the newly formed forespore compartment. While it is known that a specific region of the nucleoid is reproducibly captured in the forespore, the mechanism underlying the precision of capture is unknown. Here we describe a role for RefZ, a DNA‐binding protein that regulates FtsZ, and its cognate binding motifs (RBMs) in defining the specific region of chromosome initially captured in the forespore. RefZ is conserved across the Bacillus genus and remains functional as an inhibitor of cell division in a species‐swapping experiment. The RBMs are also conserved in their positioning relative to oriC across Bacillus, suggesting that the function of the RBMs is both important and position‐dependent in the genus. In B. subtilis, the RBMs flank the region of the chromosome captured at the time of cell division, and we find that RefZ binds the five oriC‐proximal RBMs with similar apparent affinity in units of two and four. refZ and RBM mutants capture chromosomal regions normally excluded from the forespore, suggesting that RefZ‐RBM complexes play a role in regulating the position of cell division relative to the chromosome during sporulation.
Phosphodiesterase MoPdeH targets MoMck1 of the conserved mitogen‐activated protein (MAP) kinase signalling pathway to regulate cell wall integrity in rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae
Authors: Yin Ziyi , Tang Wei , Wang Jingzhen , Liu Xinyu , Yang Lina , Gao Chuyun , Zhang Jinlong , Zhang Haifeng , Zheng Xiaobo , Wang Ping , Zhang Zhengguang 
Published: September 2015

SummaryIn the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, the high‐affinity cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) phosphodiesterase MoPdeH is important not only for cAMP signalling and pathogenicity, but also for cell wall integrity (CWI) maintenance through an unknown mechanism. By utilizing affinity purification, we found that MoPdeH interacts with MoMck1, one of the components of the mitogen‐activated protein (MAP) kinase cascade that regulates CWI. Overexpression of MoMCK1 suppressed defects in autolysis and pathogenicity of the ΔMopdeH mutant, although partially, suggesting that MoPdeH plays a critical role in CWI maintenance mediated by the MAP kinase pathway. We found that MoMck1 and two other MAP kinase cascade components, MoMkk1 and MoMps1, modulate intracellular cAMP levels by regulating the expression of MoPDEH through a feedback loop. In addition, disruption of MoMKK1 resulted in less aerial hyphal formation, defective asexual development and attenuated pathogenicity. Moreover, MoMkk1 plays a role in the response to osmotic stress via regulation of MoOsm1 phosphorylation levels, whereas endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress enhances MoMps1 phosphorylation and loss of the MAP kinase cascade component affects the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that MoPdeH functions upstream of the MoMck1–MoMkk1–MoMps1 MAP kinase pathway to regulate CWI, and that MoPdeH also mediates crosstalk between the cAMP signalling pathway, the osmotic sensing high osmolarity glycerol (HOG) pathway and the dithiothreitol (DTT)‐induced UPR pathway in M. oryzae.
Could familial Mediterranean fever gene mutations be related to PFAPA syndrome?
Authors: Celiksoy Mehmet H. , Ogur Gonul , Yaman Elif , Abur Ummet , Fazla Semanur , Sancak Recep , Yildiran Alisan 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe cause and pathophysiology of PFAPA syndrome is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine all MEFV gene variants relevant to familial Mediterranean fever in children with PFAPA syndrome.MethodsAll MEFV gene variants were analyzed in patients with PFAPA syndrome. All patients were evaluated using the Gaslini scoring system. Serum immunoglobulin levels were also determined upon admission.ResultsWe evaluated 64 patients with PFAPA syndrome. The median age at diagnosis was 37.5 (min–max: 6–96) months, and the percentage of male patients was 55.0%. The Gaslini diagnostic score for periodic fever was high in 81.0% of the patients. An MEFV gene mutation was found in 42 (66.0%) children. Mostly, heterozygous or compound heterozygous variants of the MEFV gene were found. Two patients were homozygous for R202Q. MEFV gene mutations were not detected in 22 (34.0%) patients. No significant differences in clinical or laboratory findings were observed between the two groups (p > 0.05), and there were no significant differences in period and duration of the fever episodes (p > 0.05). The fever of all 47 patients (100.0%) who received prednisolone during the episodes decreased within hours and did not recur. Eighteen of the patients using prednisolone underwent prophylaxis with colchicine, and the fever episodes of 9/18 (50.0%) patients using colchicine decreased within months.ConclusionsMost patients presenting with PFAPA syndrome have heterozygous MEFV gene mutations. Whether carrying a heterozygous MEFV gene is the primary cause of this syndrome requires further investigation.
Same‐sex infidelity in heterosexual romantic relationships: Investigating emotional, relational, and communicative responses
Authors: DENES AMANDA , LANNUTTI PAMELA J. , BEVAN JENNIFER L. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe present study explores emotional, relational, and communicative responses to different‐sex and same‐sex infidelity in heterosexual romantic relationships. Two‐hundred and eighty‐five men and women completed an online survey. Individuals were asked to read a scenario in which an imagined heterosexual partner engages in infidelity with a different‐sex or same‐sex person. Individuals were randomly assigned to one of these two conditions and then asked to complete several measures assessing their imagined emotions, communicative responses, and relational outcomes. Results revealed that both men and women experienced more negative emotional responses to different‐sex infidelity versus same‐sex infidelity. Additionally, men reported more sexual arousal in response to a woman's same‐sex infidelity versus different‐sex infidelity, while women's sexual arousal did not vary across conditions. Lastly, men's communicative responses to jealousy (CRJs) for same‐sex and different‐sex infidelity did not vary, though women reported that they were more likely to respond to same‐sex infidelity than different‐sex infidelity with denial, and more likely to respond to different‐sex than same‐sex infidelity with signs of possession. Several emotional responses to same‐sex infidelity were also found to predict various CRJs. These findings and the implications of the study are discussed.
The benefits of turn‐taking reciprocal self‐disclosure in get‐acquainted interactions
Authors: SPRECHER SUSAN , TREGER STANISLAV 
Published: September 2015

AbstractSelf‐disclosure can vary on many dimensions, including reciprocity. Using a live‐interaction paradigm, the authors examined how dyads who engaged in turn‐taking self‐disclosure in two interactions differed from dyads who engaged in sequential self‐disclosure (one person disclosed while the other listened in a first interaction, switching roles in the second interaction) on attraction and three interpersonal process variables—responsiveness, enjoyment, and perception of being liked. Turn‐taking (vs. sequentially) disclosing dyads reported greater degrees of attraction, especially after the first interaction. The three process variables were positively associated with attraction and were experienced to a greater degree by dyads who engaged in turn‐taking (vs. sequential) self‐disclosure. These process variables mediated the link between self‐disclosure reciprocity and attraction.
Chasing Prince Charming: Partnering consequences of holding unrealistic standards for a spouse
Authors: BREDOW CARRIE A. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAlthough social scientists have generally assumed that people's standards for a spouse shape their marital behavior, systematic investigations of the role of mate standards in partnering have been rare. Using survey data collected from 471 unmarried individuals and their peer informants, this study used a novel, residual‐based approach to quantify the attainability (rather than the absolute stringency) of people's standards for a spouse. Regression analyses using this index of unrealistic criteria revealed that holding less realistic standards for a marriage partner was associated with several indicators of a propensity to delay or forgo marriage, including greater difficulty establishing high‐quality romantic relationships, lower expectations to marry one's current partner, and lower levels of psychological and behavioral investment in marrying.
Toxicity of venom of Asobara and Leptopilina species to Drosophila species
Authors: Kohyama Tetsuo I. , Kimura Masahito T. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe Drosophila parasitoid Asobara japonica Belokobylskij (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) has highly toxic venom that kills host larvae if its injection is not followed by an injection of lateral oviduct components along with egg‐laying. In the present study, the venoms of seven other Drosophila parasitoids (Asobara rossica, Asobara rufescens, Asobara pleuralis, Leptopilina heterotoma, Leptopilina japonica, Leptopilina ryukyuensis, and Leptopilina victoriae) are tested against three kinds of Drosophila species (i.e. Drosophila species that are suitable as host for focal parasitoids, those that are resistant to the parasitoids, and a cosmopolitan species, Drosophila simulans). Venoms of the three Asobara species are not toxic to any of Drosophila species, whereas those of the four Leptopilina species are toxic to some Drosophila species. The toxicity of venom varies among Leptopilina species, and the susceptibility to venom also varies among host Drosophila species. Furthermore, toxicity and paralytic effects of venom are not correlated. Because the toxicity of venom is not adaptive for parasitoids, it may be an inevitable side effect of some components that play an essential role in parasitism.
Partisanship, Ministers, and Biotechnology Policy
Authors: Bäck Hanna , Debus Marc , Tosun Jale 
Published: September 2015

AbstractResearch in public policy and political economy has provided many insights in the evolution of public resistance against genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in the last two decades. But how does the partisan composition of a government, its programmatic orientation and the allocation of cabinet offices affect policy making in this specific area? We argue that the regulation of GMOs is determined by the ideological orientation of governments and the presence of parties with a specific ideological background in the cabinet. In addition, we hypothesize that the parties' control over relevant cabinet posts matter for GMO regulation. We test our hypotheses by using an innovative dataset that contains information on biotechnology regulation outputs of European governments in the time period from 1996 until 2013, the partisan composition and policy‐area specific positions of governments, and the party affiliation of key cabinet actors. The results show that the presence of a Christian democratic party in a cabinet increases the chances of a ban on biotech crops, in particular if it controls the Ministry of the Environment.
C‐reactive Protein: Repeated Measurements will Improve Dialysis Patient Care
Authors: Cobo Gabriela , Qureshi Abdul Rashid , Lindholm Bengt , Stenvinkel Peter 
Published: September 2015

AbstractSystemic inflammation is a common feature in the uremic phenotype and associates with poor outcomes. The awareness regarding the importance of inflammation assessment in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients has risen in recent years, and despite the development of novel biomarkers, C‐reactive protein (CRP) is still the most measured inflammatory parameter. Notwithstanding, the possible weak points of CRP determination, this biomarker has demonstrated being useful both for guidance in clinical practice and for risk estimation. In addition, regular determination of CRP among dialysis patients has been associated with better outcomes in different dialysis facilities. Because persistent inflammation may be a silent reflection of various pathophysiologic alterations in CKD, it is crucial that inflammatory markers are regularly monitored and therapeutic attempts be made to target this inflammation.
Easy come, easy go. Retention of blood donors
Authors: van Dongen A. 
Published: September 2015

SUMMARYRetention of blood donors has benefits over recruitment of new blood donors. Retention is defined as preventing donors from lapsing and eventually becoming inactive. This review paper discusses literature on the importance of efforts to retain donors, specifically new donors, since lapsing is most common before the fifth donation. Studies have found that intention to donate, attitudes towards blood donation and self‐efficacy (does one feel capable of donating blood) are predictors of blood donation. Feelings of ‘warm glow’ predict donation behaviour better than altruism. The existing literature further suggests that first time donors can be retained by paying extra attention to adverse events (vasovagal reactions and fatigue). These events could be reduced by drinking water and muscle tension exercises. Feelings of anxiety (in regular donors) and stress can further prevent donors from returning. Planning donations amongst busy lives can help retention, and suggestions are given on which interventions might be helpful.
Proteomic and phosphoproteomic analyses reveal extensive phosphorylation of regulatory proteins in developing rice anthers
Authors: Ye Juanying , Zhang Zaibao , Long Haifei , Zhang Zhimin , Hong Yue , Zhang Xumin , You Chenjiang , Liang Wanqi , Ma Hong , Lu Pingli 
Published: September 2015

SummaryAnther development, particularly around the time of meiosis, is extremely crucial for plant sexual reproduction. Meanwhile, cell‐to‐cell communication between somatic (especial tapetum) cells and meiocytes are important for both somatic anther development and meiosis. To investigate possible molecular mechanisms modulating protein activities during anther development, we applied high‐resolution mass spectrometry‐based proteomic and phosphoproteomic analyses for developing rice (Oryza sativa) anthers around the time of meiosis (RAM). In total, we identified 4984 proteins and 3203 phosphoproteins with 8973 unique phosphorylation sites (p‐sites). Among those detected here, 1544 phosphoproteins are currently absent in the Plant Protein Phosphorylation DataBase (P3DB), substantially enriching plant phosphorylation information. Mapman enrichment analysis showed that ‘DNA repair’,’transcription regulation’ and ‘signaling’ related proteins were overrepresented in the phosphorylated proteins. Ten genetically identified rice meiotic proteins were detected to be phosphorylated at a total of 25 p‐sites; moreover more than 400 meiotically expressed proteins were revealed to be phosphorylated and their phosphorylation sites were precisely assigned. 163 putative secretory proteins, possibly functioning in cell‐to‐cell communication, are also phosphorylated. Furthermore, we showed that DNA synthesis, RNA splicing and RNA‐directed DNA methylation pathways are extensively affected by phosphorylation. In addition, our data support 46 kinase‐substrate pairs predicted by the rice Kinase‐Protein Interaction Map, with SnRK1 substrates highly enriched. Taken together, our data revealed extensive protein phosphorylation during anther development, suggesting an important post‐translational modification affecting protein activity.
Establishing a reentry procedure for human immunodeficiency virus screening–reactive donors in China
Authors: Li Ling , Xu Ting , Yang Tao , Zang Liang , Cheng Weifang , Lin Hongkeng , Zhu Shaowen , Zhao Binghai , Duan Rong , Li Chunling , Huang Mei , Liu Yuqiang , Ming Chengyan , Xu Shuguang , Wang Chuanxi , Wu Yanyun , Liu Zhong 
Published: September 2015

BACKGROUNDScreening of blood donors for antibody to human immunodeficiency virus Types 1 and 2 (anti‐HIV‐1/2) and/or HIV nucleic acid test (NAT) is a well‐established venue to prevent HIV transfusion‐transmitted disease. However, with the current available technologies, HIV testing may result in donor loss due to false‐positive results. This study intended to establish a donor reentry procedure for HIV screening–reactive donors in China.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSFrom September 1, 2013, to August 31, 2014, a total of 465 donors from 14 Chinese blood centers were enrolled in this study. Enrollment criteria include all donors who were screened reactive or belonged to the “gray zone” by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and/or reactive by NAT when tested at the local blood centers. All donor samples were sent to a central HIV confirmation laboratory where anti‐HIV‐1/2 and HIV individual‐donation NATs were conducted. If the results were reactive for anti‐HIV‐1/2, then the samples were tested with a recombinant immunoblot assay.RESULTSBased on the repeat testing at the central HIV confirmation laboratory 8 or 16 weeks after the study, 252 donors of 465 (54.2%) who completed the study could be classified in two categories for HIV status: 45 (18%) true positive and 207 (82%) false positive. A total of 213 of 465 (45.8%) donors were lost on follow‐up and, thus, their HIV status cannot be determined with certainty. Based on these data, a donor reentry procedure was proposed.CONCLUSIONBased on our proposed donor reentry procedure for HIV screening–reactive donors, a majority of screening‐positive donors (82%, 207/252) can be reentered safely.