bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ionic Covalent Organic Frameworks Consisting of Tetraborate Nodes and Flexible Linkers
Authors: Wayment Lacey J. , Huang Shaofeng , Chen Hongxuan , Lei Zepeng , Ley Ashley , Lee Se‐Hee , Zhang Wei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCovalent organic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as versatile materials with many applications, such as carbon capture, molecular separation, catalysis, and energy storage. Traditionally, flexible building blocks have been avoided due to their potential to disrupt ordered structures. Recent studies have demonstrated the intriguing properties and enhanced structural diversity achievable with flexible components by judicious selection of building blocks. This study presents a novel series of ionic COFs (ICOFs) consisting of tetraborate nodes and flexible linkers. These ICOFs use borohydrides to irreversibly deprotonate the alcohol monomers to achieve a high degree of polymerization. Structural analysis confirms the dia topologies. Reticulation is explored using various monomers and metal counterions. Also, these frameworks exhibit excellent stability in alcohols and coordinating solvents. The materials have been tested as single‐ion conductive solid‐state electrolytes. ICOF‐203‐Li displays one of the lowest activation energies reported for ion conduction. This tetraborate chemistry is anticipated to facilitate further structural diversity and functionality in crystalline polymers.
In Vivo Synthetic Anticancer Approach by Resourcing Mouse Blood Albumin as a Biocompatible Artificial Metalloenzyme
Authors: Imai Kyosuke , Muguruma Kyohei , Nakamura Akiko , Kusakari Yuriko , Chang Tsung‐Che , Pradipta Ambara R. , Tanaka Katsunori 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMethods for producing drugs directly at the cancer site, particularly using bioorthogonal metal catalysts, are being explored to mitigate the side effects of therapy. Albumin‐based artificial metalloenzymes (ArMs) catalyze reactions in living mice while protecting the catalyst in the hydrophobic pocket. Here, we describe the in situ preparation and application of biocompatible tumor‐targeting ArMs using circulating albumin, which is abundant in the bloodstream. The ArM was formed using blood albumin through the intravenous injection of ruthenium conjugated with an albumin‐binding ligand; the tumor‐targeting unit was conjugated to the ArM using its catalytic activity, and the ArM was transported to the cancer site. The delivered ArM catalyzed a second tagging reaction of the proapoptotic peptide on the cancer surface, successfully suppressing cancer proliferation. This approach, which efficiently leveraged the persisting reactivity twice in vivo, holds promise for future in vivo metal‐catalyzed drug synthesis utilizing endogenous albumin.
“I've got yer back”: A community art and anatomy project
Authors: Philp Janet , Smith Joan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis article describes a community collaborative project, “I've got yer back,” that utilized the craft of needle felting to raise awareness and develop understanding of the anatomy of the human spine. The project took place in 2023 and engaged with participants from across the United Kingdom and abroad and its completion was timed to coincide with National Back Health Awareness week in October 2023. We describe the process of creating a vertebra using needle felt and examine how the particularities of the process and the use of the sense of touch helped participants notice and understand the complex form of the human vertebra. We consider how the project encompassed creative processes of hands‐on learning to enhance knowledge about this aspect of human anatomy. We discuss how the project evolved to include public and academic participation in a shared goal and argue for the effectiveness of seemingly simple and straightforward art or craft workshops in teaching relatively complex science. The article includes detailed feedback from participants who reflect on the process of learning through making and how it went on to affect individuals in very different, and sometimes very personal, ways.
Land‐use systems for biomass, carbon storage, and carbon credit: implications for climate change mitigation in subtropical pockets of Vindhyan region, India
Authors: Gupta Hitesh , Sanodiya Pratik , Singh Abhinav , Dogra Rushal 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBiomass estimation forms the foundation for tackling global climate issues across diverse land use systems (LUSs). A research initiative was undertaken to identify the maximum biomass allocation using an allometric approach, and to assess the carbon stock, CO2 sequestration, and carbon credit across diverse land use systems (LUSs) in the Vindhyan region of Mirzapur, Uttar Pradesh, India. This study aims to address climate change by identifying land‐use strategies that stabilize income and are easily adoptable by farmers. Tropical dry deciduous forest, agriculture, plantation, horticulture and agri‐horticulture LUSs were investigated using three combinations of custard apple (Annona squamosa), guava (Psidium guajava), bael (Aegle marmelos), mustard (Giriraj) (Brassica nigra), mustard (Pitambri) (Brassica juncea), and lentil (Lens culinaris) in an agri‐horticulture system. Seven treatments with varying carbon stocks were identified: tropical dry deciduous forest (T1) LUS (TDDFLUS); wheat based agriculture (T2) LUS (WBALUS); plantation based on teak (Tectona grandis) (T3) LUS (TBPLUS); horticulture based on karonda (Carissa carandas) (T4) LUS (KBHLUS); bael + lentil (Hul‐57) (T5) LUS (BLBLUS); guava + mustard (Giriraj) (T6) LUS (GMBLUS); and custard apple + mustard (Pitambri) (T7) LUS (CAMBLUS). The results indicate that the lowest and the highest bulk densities (ρb) were recorded in TDDFLUS and WBALUS at the depths of 0–20 cm and 20‐40 cm, respectively. The mean value of the soil organic carbon (SOC) stock ranged from 11.24–18.09 t ha−1. The average value of biomass, biomass carbon stock and biomass CO2 sequestration of seven treatments varied from 9.76–88.49 t ha−1, 4.88–44.25 t ha−1, and 17.91–162.39 t ha−1, respectively. The total carbon stock, CO2 sequestration, and carbon credit for the seven treatments varied from 16.57–64.64 t ha−1, 60.82–237.28 t ha−1 and 3040.821–11 863.89US$ ha−1, respectively. The results demonstrated that different LUSs have specific advantages and their application at farm level can encourage sustainability and increase biomass accumulation, leading to carbon sequestration. Agri‐horticulture‐based LUSs can lead to better livelihoods and can also offer numerous advantages such as increased yields of staple food crops and fruits, improved soil health, reduced soil erosion, and significant contributions to the mitigation of anthropogenic warming through CO2 sequestration.
Effects of check‐in interval on active engagement in people with dementia
Authors: Hodder Ebonee , Virúes‐Ortega Javier , Taylor Sarah , Phillips Katrina J. , Sharp Rebecca A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSocial isolation and a lack of engagement in activities are common among people with dementia living in residential care. The check‐in procedure, in which staff approach a resident to offer a choice of activities and praise engagement every 15 min, is effective in increasing engagement. However, the schedule effects of the check‐in procedure have not been previously evaluated. We assessed whether the check‐in procedure was effective with an extended check‐in interval of 30 min. We found that the procedure remained effective with a leaner schedule and that engagement persisted above baseline levels between check‐in interactions. Staff reported that the intent to increase engagement was valuable and that the procedure was easy to implement. We discuss our findings in the context of participatory interventions for dementia and the potential role of organizational factors in the adoption of evidence‐based procedures in dementia care.
Causal association between family health, perceived relationship quality components, and attitudes toward childbearing in Iranian women: A WHO model analysis
Authors: Taheri Atefeh , Saeieh Sara Esmaelzadeh , Qorbani Mostafa , Mohamadi Farima , Mahmoodi Danial , Mahmoodi Zohreh 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundGiven the unprecedented global decline in fertility as a major demographic development in recent years, the present study was conducted to determine Causal association Between Family Health, Perceived Relationship Quality Components, and Attitudes toward Childbearing in Iranian Women: A WHO Model AnalysisMethodsIn 2023, this descriptive study recruited 400 married women presenting to selected comprehensive health centers affiliated to Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran. The data were collected through multistage stratified cluster sampling and using a socioeconomic status questionnaire (Ghodratnama), the Perceived Relationship Quality Components (PRQC) scale, the family‐of‐origin scale (FOS), the attitudes toward fertility and childbearing scale (AFCS) and a demographic checklist were analyzed in SPSS 25 and LISREL 8.8.ResultsAccording to the path analysis, family health exerted the most significant and positive causal effect on attitudes to childbearing directly through one path (B = 0.334) and relationship quality (B = 0.698) and duration of married life (B = 0.387) both directly and indirectly. The number of children (B = –0.057), however, exerted the most significant and negative causal effect on attitudes to childbearing through both paths.ConclusionsThe present findings suggested the significant effects of family health and relationship quality on attitudes toward childbearing. It is therefore recommended that these variables be screened in comprehensive health centers, the associated limitations and problems be identified and appropriate training and counseling solutions be provided by health specialists.
‘My childhood life falling apart’: A retrospective study of young carers managing parental mental illness in Taiwan
Authors: Yuan Esabella Hsiu‐Wen , Ku Yeun‐Wen 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe population of young carers of parents with mental illness is more likely to be hidden in the community due to the family's concerns related to stigma. Many young carers struggle with caring difficulties with a lack of social support. The aim of this study was to gain insight into the difficulties of young carers managing parental mental illness in Taiwan from retrospective perspectives. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 19 participants who used to be young carers of parents with mental illness. Interviews were analysed using thematic analysis. Three themes emerged. First, participants experienced grief over the loss of their parent's normality and the disruption of the parent–child relationship. Having to deal with issues alone, they described their childhood lives as falling apart. Second, families tended to conceal mental illness by refusing to seek outside support, resulting in young carers struggling in vulnerable situations. Third, participants used coping strategies to find a balance between maintaining parental mental illness and reducing the impact on their well‐being. Most participants used solitary strategies to cope with their emotional distress. Some participants used destructive ways to suppress their pain and sorrow when there seemed no way to improve their family situation. The findings reflect on the vulnerabilities of young carers of parents with mental illness. Services and practitioners should work together to recognise young carers' identities and provide suitable resources to young carers to help them deal with life crises and meet their developmental needs.
Your team can make you a better person: Team cohesion is associated with off‐field prosocial behaviour via fairplay team norms and empathy in rugby union
Authors: Bisagno Elisa , Vitali Francesca , Di Bernardo Gian Antonio , Livrieri Antonello Antonio , Cadamuro Alessia , Robazza Claudio , Kavussanu Maria , Vezzali Loris 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAmple research has investigated the relationship between team cohesion and on‐field behaviour, while the association between the first and off‐field prosocial behaviour has been almost overlooked. To fill this gap, we conducted a study in a sample of Italian Rugby Union athletes to examine whether: (a) team cohesion is associated with off‐field prosocial behaviour; and (b) the underlying mechanisms of this association. We focused on the two dimensions of team cohesion, that is social and task cohesion, and hypothesized that social cohesion should be associated with off‐field individual prosocial behaviour via empathy, while the association between task cohesion and off‐field individual prosocial behaviour should be mediated by on‐field fairplay team norms. In total, 497 amateur, sub‐elite, and elite Italian Rugby Union players (128 females) took part in this study by filling out an online survey. Results revealed that social cohesion was associated with greater empathy, which in turn was associated with greater expression of off‐field prosocial behaviour. Task cohesion was associated with both greater on‐field fairplay team norms and greater empathy, which in turn was linked to more off‐field prosocial behaviour. Results are discussed with respect to the role of team cohesion in favouring the expression of prosocial behaviour off‐field, thus underlying the role of sport in fostering moral behaviour (also) in everyday community life.
Highly‐selective Electrocatalytic Reduction of NO to NH3 using Cu Embedded WS2 Monolayer as Single‐atom Catalyst: A DFT Study
Authors: Jacob Rinu , Doulassiramane Thamarainathan , Padmanaban Ramanathan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractElectrocatalytic nitric oxide reduction reaction (NORR) is a promising method for generating NH3 and eliminating harmful NO pollutants. However, developing a NORR catalyst for NH3 synthesis with low cost and high efficiency is still challenging. We here report a series of single‐atom catalysts (SACs), designed by embedding nine different transition metals from Sc to Cu in S‐vacant WS2 monolayer (TM@WS2), and investigate the electrocatalytic performance for NORR process using the dispersion‐corrected density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Among the nine SACs, Cu‐based one shows a strong binding to the WS2 surface and high selectivity for the NORR process, and also it greatly inhibits the competing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Through ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations, the thermal stability of SAC is assessed and found no structure deformation even at 500 K temperature. With the advent of energy descriptor, all possible reactive pathways including distal and alternating mode at both N‐ and O‐end configurations for NH3 production were explored. We predicted that the Cu@WS2 SAC exhibits remarkable catalytic activity and selectivity with lowest limiting potential of−0.41 V via the N‐alternating pathway. Our study emphasize that the transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) based SACs are potential candidates for converting NO to NH3, and this opens a new avenue in designing NORR catalysts with high catalytic performance.
Generalized nonlinearity in animal ecology: Research, review, and recommendations
Authors: Heit David R. , Ortiz‐Calo Waldemar , Poisson Mairi K. P. , Butler Andrew R. , Moll Remington J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGeneralized linear models (GLMs) are an integral tool in ecology. Like general linear models, GLMs assume linearity, which entails a linear relationship between independent and dependent variables. However, because this assumption acts on the link rather than the natural scale in GLMs, it is more easily overlooked. We reviewed recent ecological literature to quantify the use of linearity. We then used two case studies to confront the linearity assumption via two GLMs fit to empirical data. In the first case study we compared GLMs to generalized additive models (GAMs) fit to mammal relative abundance data. In the second case study we tested for linearity in occupancy models using passerine point‐count data. We reviewed 162 studies published in the last 5 years in five leading ecology journals and found less than 15% reported testing for linearity. These studies used transformations and GAMs more often than they reported a linearity test. In the first case study, GAMs strongly out‐performed GLMs as measured by AIC in modeling relative abundance, and GAMs helped uncover nonlinear responses of carnivore species to landscape development. In the second case study, 14% of species‐specific models failed a formal statistical test for linearity. We also found that differences between linear and nonlinear (i.e., those with a transformed independent variable) model predictions were similar for some species but not for others, with implications for inference and conservation decision‐making. Our review suggests that reporting tests for linearity are rare in recent studies employing GLMs. Our case studies show how formally comparing models that allow for nonlinear relationships between the dependent and independent variables has the potential to impact inference, generate new hypotheses, and alter conservation implications. We conclude by suggesting that ecological studies report tests for linearity and use formal methods to address linearity assumption violations in GLMs.
Stay or go? Changing breeding conditions affect sexual difference in colony attendance strategies of Atlantic puffins Fratercula arctica
Authors: Anker‐Nilssen Tycho , Kadin Martina , Hilde Christoffer Høyvik 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMale and female birds have different roles in reproduction and, thereby in their reproductive investment, which in turn may increase negative effects of poorer breeding conditions caused by e.g., climate change or ecosystem regime shifts. By using a 33‐year time series of resightings of Atlantic puffins Fratercula arctica individually colour‐ringed as breeders in previous years, we showed that the difference in colony attendance of male and female birds depended on the environmental conditions for raising young, proxied by the average duration of the chick period and size of the herring Clupea harengus fed to the chicks in the colony each year. The longer the chick period, the more was the sex ratio of adults sitting visibly in the colony biased in favour of males. An increase in herring size, indicating better feeding conditions for raising chicks, led to more observations of both sexes. Additionally, we found that birds were observed less with age and females more so than males. We discuss the results in relation to general life‐history theory on sexual differences in trade‐offs between individual investment in breeding and own survival. Our results suggest that females are increasingly more willing than males to invest in provisioning for the chick the more and longer the chick needs such care.
Domestication as the evolution of interspecies cooperative breeding
Authors: Mueller Natalie G. , Willman John C. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe propose that domestication is the result of interspecies cooperative breeding. Considering domestication as an outcome of cooperative breeding can explain how domestication occurs in both plants and animals, encompass cases of domestication that do not involve humans, and shed light on why humans are involved in so many domesticatory relationships. We review the cooperative breeding model of human evolution, which posits that care of human infants by alloparents enabled the evolution of costly human brains and long juvenile development, while selecting for tolerance of strangers. We then explore how human cooperation in the protection and provisioning of young plants and animals can explain the evolution of domestication traits such as changes in development; loss of aggressive, defensive, and bet‐hedging aspects of the phenotype; and increased fertility. We argue that the importance of cooperative breeding to human societies has made humans especially likely to enter into interspecies cooperative breeding relationships.
Loss of YAP in Schwann cells improves HNPP pathophysiology
Authors: Moore Seth M. , Jeong Eunbi , Zahid Muhammad , Gawron Joseph , Arora Simar , Belin Sophie , Sim Fraser , Poitelon Yannick , Feltri M. Laura 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRapid nerve conduction in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) is facilitated by the multilamellar myelin sheath encasing many axons of peripheral nerves. Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth type 1A (CMT1A), and hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsy (HNPP) are common demyelinating inherited peripheral neuropathies and are caused by mutations in the peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP22) gene. Duplication of PMP22 leads to its overexpression and causes CMT1A, while its deletion results in PMP22 under expression and causes HNPP. Here, we investigated novel targets for modulating the protein level of PMP22 in HNPP. We found that genetic attenuation of the transcriptional coactivator Yap in Schwann cells reduces p‐TAZ levels, increased TAZ activity, and increases PMP22 in peripheral nerves. Based on these findings, we ablated Yap alleles in Schwann cells of the Pmp22‐haploinsufficient mouse model of HNPP and identified fewer tomacula on morphological assessment and improved nerve conduction in peripheral nerves. These findings suggest YAP modulation may be a new avenue for treatment of HNPP.
MRCM‐UCTransNet: Automatic and Accurate 3D Tooth Segmentation Network From Cone‐Beam CT Images
Authors: Wen Xinyang , Liu Zhuoxuan , Chu Yanbo , Le Min , Li Liang 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTMany scenarios in dental clinical diagnosis and treatment require the segmentation and identification of a specific tooth or the entire dentition in cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. However, traditional segmentation methods struggle to ensure accuracy. In recent years, there has been significant progress in segmentation algorithms based on deep learning, garnering considerable attention. Inspired by models from present neuro networks such as UCTransNet and DC‐Unet, this study proposes an MRCM‐UCTransNet for accurate three‐dimensional tooth segmentation from cone‐beam CT images. To enhance feature extraction while preserving the multi‐head attention mechanism, a multi‐scale residual convolution module (MRCM) is integrated into the UCTransNet architecture. This modification addresses the limitations of traditional segmentation methods and aims to improve accuracy in tooth segmentation from CBCT images. Comparative experiments indicate that, in the situation with a specific image size and small data volume, the proposed method exhibits certain advantages in segmentation accuracy and precision. Compared to traditional Unet approaches, MRCM‐UCTransNet's dice accuracy is improved by 7%, while its sensitivity is improved by about 10%. These findings highlight the efficacy of the proposed approach, particularly in scenarios with specific image size constraints and limited data availability. The proposed MRCM‐UCTransNet algorithm integrates the latest architectural advancements in the Unet model which achieves effective segmentation of six types of teeth within the tooth. It was proved to be efficient for image segmentation on small datasets, requiring less training time and fewer parameters.