bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of implant design in immediate loading. A randomized, controlled, split‐mouth, prospective clinical trial
Authors: Torroella‐Saura Gerard , Mareque‐Bueno Javier , Cabratosa‐Termes Josep , Hernández‐Alfaro Federico , Ferrés‐Padró Eduard , Calvo‐Guirado José Luis 
Published: October 2014

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of two different designs, tapered vs cylindrical, on the primary stability of implants placed with an immediate loading protocol in edentulous mandibles to support fixed prostheses within occlusal contacts during the first 48 h.Material and methodsTapered and cylindrical implants were placed in a split‐mouth study using the same implant protocol in ten patients with edentulous jaws. A total of 20 tapered implants (test group) and 20 cylindrical implants (control group) were placed. All implants were loaded immediately with provisional fixed prostheses during the healing period before the final restoration. The implants were evaluated at the implant placement by analyzing the insertion torque values (ITVs) and the resonance frequency analysis (RFA) and after the healing period of three months, the success of those implants and the marginal bone loss were evaluated.ResultsTwo cylindrical implants were mobile within the same patient and no tapered implants failed, resulting in implant survival rates of 90% and 100%, respectively after three months. The ITVs were statistically significantly different (P = 0.0210) for the tapered implants than for the cylindrical implants. However, no statistically significant differences in RFA values were found (P = 0.6063) when comparing the implant designs and the primary stability measured with implant stability quotient (ISQ) values. The control group resulted in a mean bone loss after three months of 0.91 mm while the test group resulted 0.42 mm.ConclusionThe tapered implant achieved greater primary stability values measured with ITVs and less marginal bone loss than the cylindrical implants.
Gavagai Is as Gavagai Does: Learning Nouns and Verbs From Cross‐Situational Statistics
Authors: Monaghan Padraic , Mattock Karen , Davies Robert A. I. , Smith Alastair C. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractLearning to map words onto their referents is difficult, because there are multiple possibilities for forming these mappings. Cross‐situational learning studies have shown that word‐object mappings can be learned across multiple situations, as can verbs when presented in a syntactic context. However, these previous studies have presented either nouns or verbs in ambiguous contexts and thus bypass much of the complexity of multiple grammatical categories in speech. We show that noun word learning in adults is robust when objects are moving, and that verbs can also be learned from similar scenes without additional syntactic information. Furthermore, we show that both nouns and verbs can be acquired simultaneously, thus resolving category‐level as well as individual word‐level ambiguity. However, nouns were learned more quickly than verbs, and we discuss this in light of previous studies investigating the noun advantage in word learning.
Memory Errors Reveal a Bias to Spontaneously Generalize to Categories
Authors: Sutherland Shelbie L. , Cimpian Andrei , Leslie Sarah‐Jane , Gelman Susan A. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractMuch evidence suggests that, from a young age, humans are able to generalize information learned about a subset of a category to the category itself. Here, we propose that—beyond simply being able to perform such generalizations—people arebiasedto generalize to categories, such that they routinely make spontaneous, implicit category generalizations from information that licenses such generalizations. To demonstrate the existence of this bias, we asked participants to perform a task in which category generalizations would distract from the main goal of the task, leading to a characteristic pattern of errors. Specifically, participants were asked to memorize two types of novel facts: quantified facts about sets of kind members (e.g., facts aboutallormany stups) and generic facts about entire kinds (e.g., facts aboutzorbsas a kind). Moreover, half of the facts concerned properties that are typically generalizable to an animal kind (e.g., eating fruits and vegetables), and half concerned properties that are typically more idiosyncratic (e.g., getting mud in their hair). We predicted that—because of the hypothesized bias—participants would spontaneously generalize the quantified facts to the corresponding kinds, and would do so more frequently for the facts about generalizable (rather than idiosyncratic) properties. In turn, these generalizations would lead to a higher rate of quantified‐to‐genericmemory errorsfor the generalizable properties. The results of four experiments (N = 449) supported this prediction. Moreover, the same generalizable‐versus‐idiosyncratic difference in memory errors occurred even under cognitive load, which suggests that the hypothesized bias operates unnoticed in the background, requiring few cognitive resources. In sum, this evidence suggests the presence of a powerful bias to draw generalizations about kinds.
Group interaction in problem‐based learning tutorials: a systematic review
Authors: Azer S. A. , Azer D. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIntroductionThis review aimed at identifying studies on group interaction in problem‐based learning (PBL) and elucidate methods used, factors affecting group interaction and the relationship between interaction and student's learning.Materials and MethodsPubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO and HighWire were searched (January 1999 to June 2013) using a combination of pre‐specified search terms. The search words were also used in searching nine journals in dental and medical education. Also edited research books on PBL were searched. Both qualitative and descriptive studies of group interaction were selected and critically appraised.ResultsFinally, 42 of 10,606 papers were included (35 journal articles and seven from research books). The materials used in assessing group interaction varied depending on the methodology design. Forty‐three percent of the studies used video recording to evaluate group interaction. Other studies used indirect approaches such as focus groups, interviews and questionnaires. Factors affecting group interactions were students' and tutors' perceptions, tutor's subject‐matter expertise, training students, tutor's group dynamics. There was no conclusive evidence about the impact of interaction in PBL on learning. Most studies were from medicine (64%), and 35 papers were published in the last 10 years. The majority of studies were conducted in Europe, North America and Asia.ConclusionsAlthough there is a progressive increase in publications on PBL group interaction during the last 10 years, there are knowledge gaps and deficiencies in this area and most studies are lacking solid theoretical basis and are descriptive. There is a deficiency in the literature in this area from dentistry and other allied health disciplines.
The thalamic reticular nucleus is activated by cortical spreading depression in freely moving rats: prevention by acute valproate administration
Authors: Tepe Nermin , Filiz Aslı , Dilekoz Ergin , Akcali Didem , Sara Yildirim , Charles Andrew , Bolay Hayrunnisa 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis study investigated the effect of repetitive cortical spreading depression (CSD) on behaviour and the anatomical and physiological patterns of cellular activation of cortical and subcortical areas in awake, moving rats. Rat behaviours in response to repetitive CSD events evoked by the application of KCl were quantified with electrophysiological recording. Immunohistochemistry was used to quantify anatomical regions of cellular activation. The effects of acute valproic acid administration on the behavioural parameters and cellular activation were evaluated. CSD significantly decreased locomotor activity and induced freezing in awake, moving rats, and stimulated c‐Fos expression in the cortex, trigeminal nucleus caudalis (TNC), and amygdala. CSD also resulted in a prominent increase in c‐Fos expression in the ipsilateral thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) visual sector. Electrophysiological recordings revealed propagation of CSD into the TRN. Valproic acid pretreatment decreased the duration of CSD‐induced freezing episodes and reversed the CSD‐induced reduction in locomotor activity. Acute valproic acid administration also significantly blocked CSD‐induced c‐Fos expression in the TNC and TRN. These findings show that CSD events cause consistent behavioural responses and activate specific brain regions in awake, freely moving rats. Selective activation of TRN by CSD and the suppression of this activation by valproic acid suggest that this brain region may play an important role in migraine pathogenesis and may represent a novel target for migraine therapy.
Functional connectivity in the resting‐state motor networks influences the kinematic processes during motor sequence learning
Authors: Bonzano Laura , Palmaro Eleonora , Teodorescu Roxana , Fleysher Lazar , Inglese Matilde , Bove Marco 
Published: October 2014

AbstractNeuroimaging studies support the involvement of the cerebello‐cortical and striato‐cortical motor loops in motor sequence learning. Here, we investigated whether the gain of motor sequence learning could depend on a‐priori resting‐state functional connectivity (rsFC) between motor areas and structures belonging to these circuits. Fourteen healthy subjects underwent a resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging session. Afterward, they were asked to reproduce a verbally‐learned sequence of finger opposition movements as fast and as accurately as possible. All subjects increased their movement rate with practice, by reducing the touch duration and/or intertapping interval. The rsFC analysis showed that, at rest, the left and right primary motor cortex (M1) and left and right supplementary motor area (SMA) were mainly connected with other motor areas. The covariate analysis taking into account the different kinematic parameters indicated that the subjects achieving greater movement rate increase were those showing stronger rsFC of the left M1 and SMA with the right lobule VIII of the cerebellum. Notably, the subjects with greater intertapping interval reduction showed stronger rsFC of the left M1 and SMA with the association nuclei of the thalamus. Conversely, the regression analysis with the right M1 and SMA seeds showed only a few significant clusters for the different covariates not located in the cerebellum and thalamus. No common clusters were found between the right M1 and SMA. All of these findings indicated important functional connections at rest of those neural circuits responsible for motor learning improvement, involving the motor areas related to the hemisphere directly controlling the finger movements, the thalamus and cerebellum.
Kinetic characterization of the human O‐phosphoethanolamine phospho‐lyase reveals unconventional features of this specialized pyridoxal phosphate‐dependent lyase
Authors: Schiroli Davide , Ronda Luca , Peracchi Alessio 
Published: October 2014

Human O‐phosphoethanolamine (PEA) phospho‐lyase is a pyridoxal 5′‐phosphate (PLP) dependent enzyme that catalyzes the degradation of PEA to acetaldehyde, phosphate and ammonia. Physiologically, the enzyme is involved in phospholipid metabolism and is expressed mainly in the brain, where its expression becomes dysregulated in the course of neuropsychiatric diseases. Mechanistically, PEA phospho‐lyase shows a remarkable substrate selectivity, strongly discriminating against other amino compounds structurally similar to PEA. Herein, we studied the enzyme under steady‐state and pre‐steady‐state conditions, analyzing its kinetic features and getting insights into the factors that contribute to its specificity. The pH dependence of the catalytic parameters and the pattern of inhibition by the product phosphate and by other anionic compounds suggest that the active site of PEA phospho‐lyase is optimized to bind dianionic groups and that this is a prime determinant of the enzyme specificity towards PEA. Single‐ and multiple‐wavelength stopped‐flow studies show that upon reaction with PEA the main absorption band of PLP (λmax = 412 nm) rapidly blue‐shifts to ~ 400 nm. Further experiments suggest that the newly formed and rather stable 400‐nm species most probably represents a Michaelis (noncovalent) complex of PEA with the enzyme. Accumulation of such an early intermediate during turnover is unusual for PLP‐dependent enzymes and appears counterproductive for absolute catalytic performance, but it can contribute to optimize substrate specificity. PEA phospho‐lyase may hence represent a case of selectivity–efficiency tradeoff. In turn, the strict specificity of the enzyme seems important to prevent inactivation by other amines, structurally resembling PEA, that occur in the brain.
Predictability of the terrestrial carbon cycle
Authors: Luo Yiqi , Keenan Trevor F. , Smith Matthew 
Published: October 2014

AbstractTerrestrial ecosystems sequester roughly 30% of anthropogenic carbon emission. However this estimate has not been directly deduced from studies of terrestrial ecosystems themselves, but inferred from atmospheric and oceanic data. This raises a question: to what extent is the terrestrial carbon cycle intrinsically predictable? In this paper, we investigated fundamental properties of the terrestrial carbon cycle, examined its intrinsic predictability, and proposed a suite of future research directions to improve empirical understanding and model predictive ability. Specifically, we isolated endogenous internal processes of the terrestrial carbon cycle from exogenous forcing variables. The internal processes share five fundamental properties (i.e., compartmentalization, carbon input through photosynthesis, partitioning among pools, donor pool‐dominant transfers, and the first‐order decay) among all types of ecosystems on the Earth. The five properties together result in an emergent constraint on predictability of various carbon cycle components in response to five classes of exogenous forcing. Future observational and experimental research should be focused on those less predictive components while modeling research needs to improve model predictive ability for those highly predictive components. We argue that an understanding of predictability should provide guidance on future observational, experimental and modeling research.
Something New or More of the Same in the Bidding Wars for Big Business?
Authors: McCarthy Linda 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe economic downturn that began in 2007–2008 was blamed by some commentators on neoliberalism and pro‐business policies. So we might expect U.S. state and local governments to have responded with policy changes affecting their neoliberal economic development strategies. Based on this assumption, this paper is a theoretically informed examination of recent high‐profile bidding wars in Wisconsin. The highest profile example was in 2009 when General Motors chose a plant in Michigan over Wisconsin and Tennessee for a new small car line. Wisconsin's Commerce Secretary characterized Michigan's $1.2 billion incentive offer as “absolutely crazy” (compared with his state's $409 million offer!). My main research question is how have Wisconsin state and local governments adjusted their neoliberal economic development efforts in these bidding wars given the recent economic downturn and weak economy? This paper uses the largest incentive offers in Wisconsin during the tenure of the current and previous state governors within the context of ten themes drawn from the literature to problematize the neoliberal policy of bidding for big business. It concludes by considering the implications for economic development policies.
Application of multicriteria decision analysis in health care: a systematic review and bibliometric analysis
Authors: Adunlin Georges , Diaby Vakaramoko , Xiao Hong 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe use of Multi‐Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) in health care has become common. However, the literature lacks systematic review trend analysis on the application of MCDA in health care.AimTo systematically identify applications of MCDA to the areas of health care, and to report on publication trends.MethodsEnglish language studies published from January 1, 1980 until October 1, 2013 were included. Electronic databases searches were supplemented by searching conference proceedings and relevant journals. Studies considered for inclusion were those using MCDA techniques within the areas of health care, and involving the participation of decision makers. A bibliometric analysis was undertaken to present the publication trends.ResultsA total of 66 citations met the inclusion criteria. An increase in publication trend occurred in the years 1990, 1997, 1999, 2005, 2008, and 2012. For the remaining years, the publication trend was either steady or declining. The trend shows that the number of publications reached its highest peak in 2012 (n = 9). Medical Decision Making was the dominant with the highest number published papers (n = 7). The majority of the studies were conducted in the US (n = 29). Medical Decision Making journal published the highest number of articles (n = 7). Analytic Hierarchy Process (n = 33) was the most used MCDA technique. Cancer was the most researched disease topic (n = 12). The most covered area of application was diagnosis and treatment (n = 26).ConclusionThe review shows that MCDA has been applied to a broad range of areas in the health care, with the use of a variety of methodological approaches. Further research is needed to develop practice guidelines for the appropriate application and reporting of MCDA methods.
Climax of the Covenant vs Apocalyptic Invasion: A Theological Analysis of a Contemporary Debate in Pauline Exegesis
Authors: van Driel Edwin Chr. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractFocusing on the work of N.T. Wright, J. Louis Martyn and Douglas Harink, in this article I offer a theological analysis of the debate between salvation‐historical and apocalyptic readings of Paul as a debate in Christology. I argue that in the end both these positions are christologically deficient in ironically similar ways: both positions conceive of Christ as accidental to the divine intent for creation, a notion that falls short of the robust Christology Paul adheres to. I offer an alternative that preserves both the notions of a salvific history and an apocalyptic revelation, but is also imbedded in what I call a supralapsarian Christology.
A Philosophical Audacity: Barth's Notion of Experience between Neo‐Kantianism and Nietzsche
Authors: Feneuil Anthony 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis article addresses Barth's dialectical notion of experience in the 1920s. I argue that the theoretical problem raised by recent studies on Barth's notion of experience after his break with liberalism (i.e. the apparent inconsistency between Barth's move towards an increasingly neo‐Kantian understanding of experience and his emphasis on the existential and psychological dimensions of experience) can be solved by the hypothesis of a Nietzschean influence on Barth's epistemology in the 1920s. I defend not only the historical plausibility but also the conceptual fecundity of such a hypothesis, which casts a new light on Barth's relation to philosophy and the notion of experience, and lays the basis for a consistent Barthian theology of experience.
Effectiveness of a standardized treatment protocol for children with active non‐cavitated occlusal lesions on erupting permanent molars
Authors: de Oliveira Renata Schlesner , Zenkner Júlio Eduardo do Amaral , Maltz Marisa , Rodrigues Jonas Almeida 
Published: October 2014

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of a treatment for non‐cavitated occlusal lesions on erupting permanent molars and to verify whether initial eruption stage and final biofilm accumulation are associated with lesions activity after the treatment.MethodsForty‐eight patients aged from 5 to 13 years old were selected. Molars with active non‐cavitated lesions on the occlusal surface were classified according to eruption stage. Patients received a treatment for 4 weeks based on oral health instructions and fluoride applications. Three weeks after the end of the treatment, 39 patients were reassessed and lesion activity status and biofilm accumulation were recorded. Odds ratios were obtained using generalized estimating equations with logistic link function.ResultsPartially erupted molars were more prone to remain caries‐active than molars in full occlusion (E1: OR = 301.1; E2: OR = 49.0 and E3: OR = 1107.3). High biofilm accumulation was associated with the presence of active lesions.ConclusionsBiofilm accumulation and eruption stage strongly influenced the effectiveness of a treatment for dental caries.
Resolution and Analysis of Spatial Variations and Patterns in an Urban Lake with Rapid Profiling Instrumentation
Authors: Prestigiacomo Anthony R. , Effler Steven W. , Matthews David A. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractRapid response vertical profiling instrumentation was used to document spatial variability and patterns in a small urban lake, Onondaga Lake, associated with multiple drivers. Paired profiles of temperature, specific conductance (SC), turbidity (Tn), fluorometric chlorophyll a (Chlf), and nitrate nitrogen (NO3−) were collected at >30 fixed locations (a “gridding”) weekly, over the spring to fall interval of several years. These gridding data are analyzed (1) to characterize phytoplankton (Chlf) patchiness in the lake's upper waters, (2) to establish the representativeness of a single long‐term site for monitoring lake‐wide conditions, and (3) to resolve spatial patterns of multiple tracers imparted by buoyancy effects of inflows. Multiple buoyancy signatures were resolved, including overflows from less dense inflows, and interflows to metalimnetic depths and underflows to the bottom from the plunging of more dense inputs. Three different metrics had utility as tracers in depicting the buoyancy signatures as follows: (1) SC, for salinity‐enriched tributaries and the more dilute river that receives the lake's outflow, (2) Tn, for the tributaries during runoff events, and (3) NO3−, for the effluent of a domestic waste treatment facility and from the addition of NO3− solution to control methyl mercury. The plunging inflow phenomenon, which frequently prevailed, has important management implications.
Dramatic osteonecrosis of the jaw associated with oral bisphosphonates, periodontitis, and dental implant removal
Authors: Fernández Ayora Alberto , Herion Francine , Rompen Eric , Reginster Jean Yves , Magremanne Michèle , Lambert France 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIntroductionOsteoporosis affects millions of elderly patients, and anti‐resorptive drugs (ARD) such as bisphosphonates (BP) represent the first‐line therapy. Despite the benefits related to the use of these medications, osteonecrosis of the jaw is a significant complication in a subset of patients receiving these drugs.Case presentationThis report documents a case of dramatic bisphosphonate‐related osteonecrosis associated with periodontitis and dental implant removal in an osteoporotic patient treated with per os bisphosphonates for an uninterrupted period of 15 years.ConclusionThe aim of this report was to discuss the administration period of BP in the treatment of osteoporosis, the decision‐making and clinical management of severe MRONJ and the indications for dental implant placement in these specific patients.