bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coexistence of ipsilateral pain‐inhibitory and facilitatory processes after high‐frequency electrical stimulation
Authors: Vo L. , Drummond P.D. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundHigh‐frequency electrical stimulation (HFS) of the human forearm evokes analgesia to blunt pressure in the ipsilateral forehead, consistent with descending ipsilateral inhibitory pain modulation. The aim of the current study was to further delineate pain modulation processes evoked by HFS by examining sensory changes in the arm and forehead; investigating the effects of HFS on nociceptive blink reflexes elicited by supraorbital electrical stimulation; and assessing effects of counter‐irritation (electrically evoked pain at the HFS‐conditioned site in the forearm) on nociceptive blink reflexes before and after HFS.MethodsBefore and after HFS conditioning, sensitivity to heat and to blunt and sharp stimuli was assessed at and adjacent to the conditioned site in the forearm and on each side of the forehead. Nociceptive blink reflexes were also assessed before and after HFS with and without counter‐irritation of the forearm.ResultsHFS triggered secondary hyperalgesia in the forearm (a sign of central sensitization) and analgesia to blunt pressure in the ipsilateral forehead. Under most conditions, both HFS conditioning and counter‐irritation of the forearm suppressed electrically evoked pain in the forehead, and the amplitude of the blink reflex to supraorbital stimuli decreased. Importantly, however, in the absence of forearm counter‐irritation, HFS conditioning facilitated ipsilateral blink reflex amplitude to supraorbital stimuli delivered ipsilateral to the HFS‐conditioned site.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that HFS concurrently triggers hemilateral inhibitory and facilitatory influences on nociceptive processing over and above more general effects of counter‐irritation. The inhibitory influence may help limit the spread of sensitization in central nociceptive pathways.
Person‐centric clinical trials: An opportunity for the good clinical practice (GCP)‐practice‐based research network
Authors: Curro Frederick A. , Robbins Dennis A. , Millenson Michael L. , Fox Chester H. , Naftolin Frederick 
Published: July 2013

AbstractPractice‐based research networks (PBRNs) can function as a platform for delivery of patient‐centered care consistent with the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. Patient‐centered (centric) clinical studies encourage the patient to be an integral part of study design and outcome. The patient's electronic health record contributes to the shared national health care data set. PBRNs integrate health care data in real time at the point of care and reflect the full context of the person's health. PBRNs designed under the principles of good clinical practice (GCP) validate studies related to comparative effectiveness research and drug development. PBRNs can generate large amounts of data from known patient histories so that side effects can be assessed in their totality. The larger and more diverse number of patients recruited suggests that point‐of‐care‐data, where both provider and patient participate in the treatment, may be more robust in that side effects, drug–drug interactions and number of concomitant medications used may be identified earlier in the development process. The GCP PBRN concept affords continuous patient information for both care and research purposes. These all contribute to an ethical approach for the pharmaceutical industry to generate clinical research data for regulatory submission and to contribute to a HIPAA‐compliant national database that could contribute to improved health care delivery and pharmacovigilance.
Returning to Graduate School: Expectations of Success, Values of the Degree, and Managing the Costs
Authors: Peters Diane L. , Daly Shanna R. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundLimited research exists on the experiences of engineering returners – those with undergraduate degrees who work for at least five years and return to academia for graduate degrees. Returners bring a different perspective to their graduate studies and postgraduate work than direct‐pathway students but face additional challenges.PurposeOur aim was to understand practitioners' decisions to return to graduate school and complete graduate degrees. Guided by expectancy value theory, we investigated their beliefs about their ability to succeed; the interest, attainment, and utility values returners placed on graduate school; the costs they experienced in returning; and the personal, programmatic, and cultural factors that mitigated these costs.Design/MethodWe employed a qualitative interpretivist approach to investigate the returning experience through semi‐structured interviews with 10 returners. We analyzed the results deductively, using expectancy value theory to understand participants' expectations of success and the values of those experiences, and inductively, to understand the types of costs that influenced the decision to return and complete graduate school.ResultsUtility value drove participants' decisions to return and complete graduate programs, and participants had a high expectancy of success in earning their graduate degrees. Four types of costs emerged from analysis of the interviews: intellectual, balance, cultural and environmental, and financial. Participants employed various strategies to mitigate these costs.ConclusionsWith the results of our study, potential returners can more effectively plan for success in the graduate environment, and universities can develop initiatives to better recruit returners and support their success.
Morphological and ultrastructural characterization of ionoregulatory cells in the teleost oreochromis niloticus following salinity challenge combining complementary confocal scanning laser microscopy and transmission electron microscopy using a novel prefixation immunogold labeling technique
Authors: Fridman Sophie , Rana Krishen J. , Bron James E. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTAspects of ionoregulatory or mitochondria‐rich cell (MRC) differentiation and adaptation in Nile tilapia yolk‐sac larvae following transfer from freshwater to elevated salinities, that is, 12.5 and 20 ppt are described. Investigations using immunohistochemistry on whole‐mount Nile tilapia larvae using anti‐ Na+/K+‐ATPase as a primary antibody and Fluoronanogold™ (Nanoprobes) as a secondary immunoprobe allowed fluorescent labeling with the high resolution of confocal scanning laser microscopy combined with the detection of immunolabeled target molecules at an ultrastructural level using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It reports, for the first time, various developmental stages of MRCs within the epithelial layer of the tail of yolk‐sac larvae, corresponding to immature, developing, and mature MRCs, identifiable by their own characteristic ultrastructure and form. Following transfer to hyperosmotic salinities the density of immunogold particles and well as the intricacy of the tubular system appeared to increase. In addition, complementary confocal scanning laser microscopy allowed identification of immunopositive ramifying extensions that appeared to emanate from the basolateral portion of the cell that appeared to be correlated with the localization of subsurface tubular areas displaying immunogold labeled Na+/K+‐ATPase. This integrated approach describes a reliable and repeatable prefixation immunogold labeling technique allowing precise visualization of NaK within target cells combined with a 3D imaging that offers valuable insights into MRC dynamics at an ultrastructural level. Microsc. Res. Tech., 76:1016–1024, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Investigating the P wave velocity structure beneath Harrat Lunayyir, northwestern Saudi Arabia, using double‐difference tomography and earthquakes from the 2009 seismic swarm
Authors: Hansen Samantha E. , DeShon Heather R. , Moore‐Driskell Melissa M. , Al‐Amri Abdullah M. S. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIn 2009, a swarm of more than 30,000 earthquakes occurred beneath the Harrat Lunayyir lava field in northwest Saudi Arabia. This event was just one of several seismic swarms to occur in this region over the past decade. Surface deformation associated with the seismicity, modeled in previous studies using Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) data, is best attributed to the intrusion of a 10 km long dyke. However, little is known about the velocity structure beneath Harrat Lunayyir, making assessment of future seismic and volcanic hazards difficult. In this study, we use local double‐difference tomography to generate a P wave velocity model beneath Harrat Lunayyir and to more precisely locate earthquakes from the 2009 seismic swarm. A pronounced fast velocity anomaly, centered at ~15 km depth with a shallower extension to the N‐NW, is interpreted as an area of repeated magmatic intrusion. The crust surrounding the fast intrusion is slower than that suggested by broader‐scale models for the Arabian Shield. The largest magnitude events occurred early in the swarm, concentrated at shallow depths (~2–8 km) beneath northern Harrat Lunayyir, and these events are associated with the dyke intrusion. Later, deep earthquakes (~15 km) beneath the southern end of the study region as well as a group of intermediate‐depth events connecting the shallow and deep regions of seismicity occurred. These later events likely represent responses to the local stress conditions following the intrusion. Our results are unique since harrat magma systems are rarely imaged, and our observations, coupled with the seismic history in this region, suggest that future volcanic intrusions beneath Harrat Lunayyir are likely.
Characterization of open and closed volcanic systems in Indonesia and Mexico using InSAR time series
Authors: Chaussard E. , Amelung F. , Aoki Y. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWe use 2007–2011 Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) data to perform an arc‐wide interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) time series survey of the Trans‐Mexican Volcanic Belt (TMVB) and to study time‐dependent ground deformation of four Indonesian volcanoes selected following the 2007–2009 study of Chaussard and Amelung (2012). Our objectives are to examine whether arc volcanoes exhibit long‐term edifice‐wide cyclic deformation patterns that can be used to characterize open and closed volcanic systems and to better constrain in which cases precursory inflation is expected. We reveal deformation cycles at both regularly active and previously inactive Indonesian volcanoes, but we do not detect deformation in the TMVB, reflecting a lower activity level. We identify three types of relationships between deformation and activity: inflation prior to eruption and associated with or followed by deflation (Kerinci and Sinabung), inflation without eruption and followed by slow deflation (Agung), and eruption without precursory deformation (Merapi, Colima, and Popocatépetl; at Merapi, no significant deformation is detected even during eruption). The first two cases correspond to closed volcanic systems and suggest that the traditional model of magmatic systems and eruptive cycles do apply to andesitic volcanoes (i.e., inflation and deflation episodes associated with magma accumulation or volatile exsolution in a crustal reservoir followed by eruptions or in situ cooling). In contrast, the last case corresponds to open volcanic systems where no significant pressurization of the magmatic reservoirs is taking place prior to eruptions and thus no long‐term edifice‐wide ground deformation can be detected. We discuss these results in terms of InSAR's potential for forecasting volcanic unrest.
An electrochemiluminescence assay for the detection of bio threat agents in selected food matrices and in the screening of Clostridium botulinum outbreak strains associated with type A botulism
Authors: Sachdeva Amita , Singh Ajay K , Sharma Shashi K 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDSpecific screening methods for complex food matrices are needed that enable unambiguous and sensitive detection of bio threat agents (BTAs) such as Bacillus anthracis spores and microbial toxins (e.g. staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) and clostridial botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs)). The present study describes an image‐based 96‐well Meso Scale Discovery (MSD) electrochemiluminescence (ECL) assay for simultaneous detection of BTAs in dairy milk products.RESULTSThe limit of detection of this ECL assay is 40 pg mL−1 for BoNT/A complex, 10 pg mL−1 for SEB and 40 000 CFU mL−1 for Bacillus anthracis spores in dairy milk products. The ECL assay was successfully applied to screen type A Clostridium botulinum outbreak strains.CONCLUSIONThe results of the study indicate that this ECL assay is very sensitive, rapid (<6 h) and multiplex in nature. The ECL assay has potential for use as an in vitro screening method for BTAs over other comparable immunoassays. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Lightweight electrowetting display on ultra‐thin glass substrate
Authors: You Han , Steckl Andrew J. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractMobile display devices that use ultra‐thin (≤100 µm) glass substrates offer a combination of attractive characteristics: lightweight, high quality device fabrication process, thermal and dimensional stability, and mechanical flexibility. Electrowetting (EW) devices fabricated on ultra‐thin glass are demonstrated in this paper. Water contact angle, which is the most critical parameter of EW devices, changes from ~165° to 80° when a 20 V direct current (or alternating current) voltage is applied. EW devices on ultra‐thin glass show negligible hysteresis (~2°) and fast switching time of ~10 ms. EW device operation is maintained when the glass substrate is mechanically flexed. These results indicate the promise of narrow profile EW devices on ultra‐thin glass substrate for mobile and other devices, including video rate flexible electronic paper.
Pheochromocytoma in an 8‐year‐old patient with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A: Implications for screening
Authors: Rowland Kathryn J. , Chernock Rebecca D. , Moley Jeffrey F. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractChildhood pheochromocytoma in the setting of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2) remains rare and has not been reported under the age of 12. We present an 8‐year‐old female with known MEN 2A, C634Y RET mutation, diagnosed with a 6 cm pheochromocytoma requiring laparoscopic adrenalectomy. Given this patient's age at diagnosis, screening guidelines should recommend annual screening beginning at age 8 for patients with MEN 2B or MEN 2A codons 630 or 634 RET mutations. J. Surg. Oncol. 2013 108:203–206. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Triplet–Triplet Annihilation Upconversion Based Nanocapsules for Bioimaging Under Excitation by Red and Deep‐Red Light
Authors: Wohnhaas Christian , Mailänder Volker , Dröge Melanie , Filatov Mikhail A. , Busko Dmitry , Avlasevich Yuri , Baluschev Stanislav , Miteva Tzenka , Landfester Katharina , Turshatov Andrey 
Published: July 2013

AbstractNon‐toxic and biocompatible triplet–triplet annihilation upconversion based nanocapsules (size less than 225 nm) were successfully fabricated by the combination of miniemulsion and solvent evaporation techniques. A first type of nanocapsules displays an upconversion spectrum characterized by the maximum of emission at λmax = 550 nm under illumination by red light, λexc = 633 nm. The second type of nanocapsules fluoresces at λmax = 555 nm when excited with deep‐red light, λexc = 708 nm. Conventional confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and flow cytometry were applied to determine uptake and toxicity of the nanocapsules for various (mesenchymal stem and HeLa) cells. Red light (λexc = 633 nm) with extremely low optical power (less than 0.3 μW) or deep‐red light (λexc = 708 nm) was used in CLSM experiments to generate green upconversion fluorescence. The cell images obtained with upconversion excitation demonstrate order of magnitude better signal to background ratio than the cell images obtained with direct excitation of the same fluorescence marker.
Supramolecular Sky‐Blue Phosphorescent Polymer Iridium Complexes for Single‐Emissive‐Layer Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Liang Ai‐hui , Dong Sheng , Zhang Kai , Xiao Xiao , Huang Fei , Zhu Xu‐Hui , Cao Yong 
Published: July 2013

Novel supramolecular phosphorescent polymers (SPPs) are synthesized as a new class of solution‐processable electroluminescent emitters. The formation of these SPPs takes advantage of the efficient non‐bonding assembly between bis(dibenzo‐24‐crown‐8)‐functionalized iridium complex monomer and bis(dibenzylammonium)‐tethered co‐monomer, which is monitored by 1H NMR spectroscopy and viscosity measurements. These SPPs show good film morphology and an intrinsic glass transition with a Tg of 94–116 °C. Noticeably, they are highly photoluminescent in solid state with quantum efficiency up to ca. 78%. The photophysical and electroluminescent properties are strongly dependent on the molecular structures of the iridium complex monomers.
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Potentially functional genetic variants in microRNA processing genes and risk of HBV‐related hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Liu Li , An Jiaze , Liu Jibin , Wen Juan , Zhai Xiangjun , Liu Yao , Pan Shandong , Jiang Jie , Wen Yang , Liu Zheng , Zhang Yixin , Chen Jianguo , Xing Jinliang , Ji Guozhong , Shen Hongbing , Hu Zhibin , Fan Zhining 
Published: July 2013

AbstractGenetic variations in miRNA processing genes may affect the biogenesis of miRNA, hence risk of HBV infection and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. In the present study, we hypothesized that potentially functional polymorphisms in 3′‐untranslated region (UTR) of miRNA processing genes might contribute to susceptibility of HBV infection and HCC development. To test the hypothesis, we genotyped three selected SNPs (rs1057035 in DICER1, rs3803012 in RAN, and rs10773771 in PIWIL1) in a case–control study of 1300 HBV‐positive HCC cancer cases, 1344 HBV persistent carriers, and 1344 HBV natural clearance subjects in Chinese. We observed that DICER1 rs1057035 CT/CC variant genotypes were associated with a significant decreased risk of HCC (adjusted OR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.64–0.96) compared with wild‐type TT and RAN rs3803012 AG/GG variant genotypes increased the risk of HBV persistent infection compared with AA genotype (adjusted OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.03–1.77). However, PIWIL1 rs10773771 CT/CC variant genotypes were associated with an approaching decreased risk of HCC (adjusted OR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.73–1.01) and similar with RAN rs3803012 AG/GG (adjusted OR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.61–1.06). Furthermore, reporter gene assays indicated that the three SNPs (rs1057035, rs3803012, and rs10773771) might change the binding ability of miRNAs to the 3′UTR of the three genes (DICER1, RAN, and PIWIL1), respectively. These findings indicated that DICER1 rs1057035, RAN rs3803012, and PIWIL1 rs10773771 might contribute to the risk of HBV‐related HCC. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
3‐hydroxykynurenine and other Parkinson's disease biomarkers discovered by metabolomic analysis
Authors: LeWitt Peter A. , Li Jia , Lu Mei , Beach Thomas G. , Adler Charles H. , Guo Lining ,   the Arizona Parkinson's Disease Consortium
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTParkinson's disease (PD) biomarkers are needed to enhance therapeutics research and to understand PD pathogenesis. Methods that simultaneously measure hundreds of small molecular‐weight compounds—metabolomic analysis–“fingerprint” disease‐specific alterations in individual compounds or metabolic pathways. Beyond a nontargeted search for PD biomarkers, we hypothesized that PD cerebrospinal fluid would show increased formation of the excitotoxin 3‐hydroxykynurenine and diminished concentration of the antioxidant glutathione. Cerebrospinal fluid was collected at <4 hours postmortem from 48 pathologically‐verified PD subjects and 57 comparably‐aged controls. Assays involved ultra‐high‐performance liquid and gas chromatography linked to mass spectrometry. We used univariate techniques to determine fold‐changes in concentrations of biochemicals; false‐discovery rates were calculated to exclude spurious findings. Data was modeled using a Support Vector Machine for analyzing compounds selected by Welch's t test. Classification accuracy was determined by cross‐validation. Of 243 structurally‐identified biochemicals,19 compounds differentiated PD from controls at a 20% false‐discovery level. In PD, mean 3‐hydroxykynurenine concentration was increased by one‐third, and mean oxidized glutathione was decreased by 40% (for each, P < .01). Four of the 19 compounds differentiating PD from controls were N‐acetylated amino acids, suggesting a generalized alteration in N‐acetylation activity. The Support Vector Machine classification model distinguished between groups at 83% sensitivity and 91% specificity for the learning data, and at 65% and 79% from cross‐validation. In this study, the first for metabolomic profiling of PD cerebrospinal fluid, we found several novel biomarkers and offer new directions for recognizing disease‐specific biochemical indicators. The findings support involvement of excitotoxicity and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of PD. © 2013 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Integrated One‐Against‐One Classifiers as Tools for Virtual Screening of Compound Databases: A Case Study with CNS Inhibitors
Authors: Jalali‐Heravi Mehdi , Mani‐Varnosfaderani Ahmad , Valadkhani Abolfazl 
Published: July 2013

AbstractA total of 21 833 inhibitors of the central nervous system (CNS) were collected from Binding‐database and analyzed using discriminant analysis (DA) techniques. A combination of genetic algorithm and quadratic discriminant analysis (GA‐QDA) was proposed as a tool for the classification of molecules based on their therapeutic targets and activities. The results indicated that the one‐against‐one (OAO) QDA classifiers correctly separate the molecules based on their therapeutic targets and are comparable with support vector machines. These classifiers help in charting the chemical space of the CNS inhibitors and finding specific subspaces occupied by particular classes of molecules. As a next step, the classification models were used as virtual filters for screening of random subsets of PUBCHEM and ZINC databases. The calculated enrichment factors together with the area under curve values of receiver operating characteristic curves showed that these classifiers are good candidates to speed up the early stages of drug discovery projects. The “relative distances” of the center of active classes of biosimilar molecules calculated by OAO classifiers were used as indices for sorting the compound databases. The results revealed that, the multiclass classification models in this work circumvent the definition inactive sets for virtual screening and are useful for compound retrieval analysis in Chemoinformatics.