bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cataract Development Among Pediatric Patients With Uveitis
Authors: Hsu Alan Y. , Kuo Hou-Ting , Lin Chun-Ju , Hsia Ning-Yi , Kuo Shu-Chun , Wei Chang-Ching , Lai Chun-Ting , Chen Huan-Sheng , Wang Yu-Hsun , Wei James Cheng-Chung , Tsai Yi-Yu 
Published: July 2024

ImportanceThe long-term estimated risk of development of cataracts among pediatric patients with uveitis is not clear.ObjectiveTo describe factors associated with the development of cataracts among pediatric patients with uveitis.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study used the international TriNetX database to enroll pediatric patients with and without uveitis from January 1, 2002, to December 31, 2022. The nonuveitis cohort consisted of randomly selected control patients matched by age, sex, race and ethnicity, and specific comorbidities.ExposureDiagnosis of uveitis, identified using diagnostic codes.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was the risk of developing cataracts among the uveitis group compared with the nonuveitis comparison group, with hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs reported.ResultsA total of 22 687 pediatric patients with uveitis (mean [SD] age, 10.3 [5.6] years; 54.2% male) and 22 687 comparators without uveitis (mean [SD] age, 10.3 [5.6] years; 54.5% male) were enrolled in the study. The risk of cataracts was increased among pediatric patients with uveitis up to a follow-up duration of 20 years (HR, 17.17; 95%CI, 12.90-22.80) from the index date. Subgroup analyses revealed an elevated cataract risk across age groups: 0 to 6 years (HR, 19.09; 95% CI, 10.10-36.00), 7 to 12 years (HR, 27.16; 95% CI, 15.59-47.20), and 13 to 18 years (HR, 13.39; 95% CI, 8.84-20.30); both female sex (HR, 13.76; 95% CI, 9.60-19.71) and male sex (HR, 11.97; 95% CI, 8.47-16.91); and Asian (HR, 13.80; 95% CI, 3.28-58.07), Black or African American (HR, 10.41; 95% CI, 5.60-19.36), and White (HR, 15.82; 95% CI, 11.05-22.60) race. Furthermore, increased cataract risks were also observed among those with and without a history of immunosuppressive agents (with: HR, 26.52 [95% CI, 16.75-41.90]; without: HR, 17.69 [95% CI: 11.39-27.40]), a history of steroid eye drop use (with: HR, 29.51 [95% CI, 14.56-59.70]; without: HR, 16.49 [95% CI, 11.92-22.70]), and a history of intraocular procedures (with: HR, 11.07 [95%CI, 4.42-27.71]; without: HR, 14.49 [95% CI, 10.11-20.70]).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of pediatric patients with uveitis, an elevated risk of cataracts following a uveitis diagnosis was found compared with pediatric patients without uveitis. The findings suggest that pediatric patients with uveitis should be monitored for cataract development.
Prediction-Augmented Shared Decision-Making and Lung Cancer Screening Uptake
Authors: Caverly Tanner J. , Wiener Renda S. , Kumbier Kyle , Lowery Julie , Fagerlin Angela 
Published: July 2024

ImportanceAddressing poor uptake of low-dose computed tomography lung cancer screening (LCS) is critical, especially for those having the most to gain—high-benefit persons with high lung cancer risk and life expectancy more than 10 years.ObjectiveTo assess the association between LCS uptake and implementing a prediction-augmented shared decision-making (SDM) tool, which enables clinicians to identify persons predicted to be at high benefit and encourage LCS more strongly for these persons.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsQuality improvement interrupted time series study at 6 Veterans Affairs sites that used a standard set of clinical reminders to prompt primary care clinicians and screening coordinators to engage in SDM for LCS-eligible persons. Participants were persons without a history of LCS who met LCS eligibility criteria at the time (aged 55-80 years, smoked ≥30 pack-years, and current smoking or quit &amp;lt;15 years ago) and were not documented to be an inappropriate candidate for LCS by a clinician during October 2017 through September 2019. Data were analyzed from September to November 2023.ExposureDecision support tool augmented by a prediction model that helps clinicians personalize SDM for LCS, tailoring the strength of screening encouragement according to predicted benefit.Main outcome and measureLCS uptake.ResultsIn a cohort of 9904 individuals, the median (IQR) age was 64 (57-69) years; 9277 (94%) were male, 1537 (16%) were Black, 8159 (82%) were White, 5153 (52%) were predicted to be at intermediate (preference-sensitive) benefit and 4751 (48%) at high benefit, and 1084 (11%) received screening during the study period. Following implementation of the tool, higher rates of LCS uptake were observed overall along with an increase in benefit-based LCS uptake (higher screening uptake among persons anticipated to be at high benefit compared with those at intermediate benefit; primary analysis). Mean (SD) predicted probability of getting screened for a high-benefit person was 24.8% (15.5%) vs 15.8% (11.8%) for a person at intermediate benefit (mean absolute difference 9.0 percentage points; 95% CI, 1.6%-16.5%).Conclusions and RelevanceImplementing a robust approach to personalized LCS, which integrates SDM, and a decision support tool augmented by a prediction model, are associated with improved uptake of LCS and may be particularly important for those most likely to benefit. These findings are timely given the ongoing poor rates of LCS uptake.
Chasing Paradoxical Shadows
Authors: Chard Nat 
Published: July 2024

AbstractShadows bring a sense of animated vitality to any building, and their representations on drawings add a sense of depth and believability to that which is being illustrated. Nat Chard, Professor of Experimental Architecture at University College London (UCL), has a longstanding interest in movement, optics, photography and the intangible spaces in between them. His Institute of Paradoxical Shadows cleaves the shadow from its material datum, leaving it hanging, a suspended spectral entity, encountered through a séance‐like trance of cognitive confusion.
A Low‐Permeability and Flexible Polymer Tube for Long‐Life Fiber Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Jiang Haibo , Gong Xiaocheng , Wang Jiaqi , Yang Zhe , Li Chuanfa , Long Yao , Lu Chenhao , Sun Shiqi , Zhang Kun , Chang Yingfan , Li Pengzhou , Cheng Xiangran , Peng Huisheng , Wang Bingjie 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFiber lithium‐ion batteries (FLIBs) hold great promise for powering wearable electronics. However, their practical application is hindered by limited cycle and calendar life, primarily due to the loss of active Li caused by water vapor permeation through the encapsulation layer. To address this challenge, a low‐permeability and high‐flexibility tetrafluoroethylene hexafluoropropylene copolymer (FEP) tube is presented to continuously encapsulate FLIBs by melting extrusion method. Owing to the inherent hydrophobicity of fluorine resins and appropriate crystallinity of the polymer matrix, FEP tubes exhibited significantly low vapor permeability, with a water vapor transmittance rate (WVTR) of 0.3 mg·day−1·pkg−1, 15 times lower than that of the nylon 12 tubes (4.6 mg·day−1·pkg−1). Leveraging the low permeability and elastic modulus of FEP tubes, FLIBs demonstrate a capacity retention of 80.05% after 180 cycles and exceptional flexibility with a capacity retention of 98.32% after 10 000 bending cycles, showcasing superior performance compared to the conventional polymer tubes (for example, the capacity of PP‐FLIBs declined by 20.68% after 30 cycles). This work presents a general and efficient strategy for continuously encapsulating FLIBs, effectively extending their cycle and calendar lifetime of FLIBs, thereby enhancing their practical viability for wearable electronic applications.
Dual‐Responsive Shape‐Transformable Charge‐Reversible Nanoparticles Combined with Chemo‐Photodynamic‐Immunotherapy for the Treatment of Breast Cancer and Lung Metastasis
Authors: Jia Wenfeng , Gong Bokai , Chen Jiantao , Yan Jia , Shi Yulong , Wang Hao , Qin Meng , Gao Huile 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHerein, a dual‐responsive shape‐transforming charge‐reversal integrated nanomedicine system (DHP@BPP) is developed for the co‐delivery of the photosensitizer pyro pheophorbide‐α (Ppa), anti‐programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) peptide (dPPA), and tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs)‐regulating drug berberrubine (BBR). Hydrophobic Ppa and hydrophilic BBR are linked by matrix metalloproteinase‐2 (MMP‐2) responsive peptide (PMGMRKLVFF) to form BPP. BPP can self‐assemble into spherical nanoparticles with positive charge, which undergo shape transformation to nanofibers upon cleavage by MMP‐2 at tumor sites. The dPPA is conjugated with hexa‐histidine and polyethylene glycol to form DHP, which is then electrostatically adsorbed onto the surface of BPP to form DHP@BPP with negative surface charge. The DHP not only enhances the tumor‐targeting but also induces DHP disassociation and charge reversal of DHP@BPP due to protonation of histidine at the tumor site, thereby increasing tumor penetration while maintaining long blood circulation. Most importantly, through the combination of chemo‐photodynamic‐immunotherapy, it can repolarize TAMs from M2‐type to M1‐type while reducing PD‐L1 expression to reshape the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, thereby synergistically enhancing the effect of immunogenic cell death. In conclusion, this study offered a simple but effective idea for the treatment of immunosuppressive cancers through the combination of shape transformation and charge reversal, integrating chemo‐photodynamic‐immunotherapy.
Atomic Layer Deposition of Molybdenum Carbide Thin Films
Authors: Kärkkäinen Paloma Ruiz , Popov Georgi , Hatanpää Timo , Kemppinen Antti , Kohopää Katja , Bagheri Mohammad , Komsa Hannu‐Pekka , Heikkilä Mikko , Mizohata Kenichiro , Chundak Mykhailo , Deminskyi Petro , Vihervaara Anton , Ribeiro Mário , Hätinen Joel , Govenius Joonas , Putkonen Matti , Ritala Mikko 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe development of deposition processes for metal carbide thin films is rapidly advancing, driven by their potential for applications including catalysis, batteries, and semiconductor devices. Within this landscape, atomic layer deposition (ALD) offers exceptional conformality, uniformity, and thickness control on spatially complex structures. This paper presents a comprehensive study on the thermal ALD of MoCx with MoCl5 and 1,4‐bis(trimethylgermyl)‐1,4‐dihydropyrazine [(Me3Ge)2DHP] as precursors, focusing on the functional properties and characterization of the films. The depositions are conducted at 200–300 °C and very smooth films with RMS Rq ≈0.3–0.6 nm on Si, TiN, and HfO2 substrates are obtained. The process has a high growth rate of 1.5 Å cycle−1 and the films appear to be continuous already after 5 cycles. The films are conductive even at thicknesses below 5 nm, and films above 18 nm exhibit superconductivity up to 4.4 K. In lieu of suitable references, Raman modes for molybdenum carbides and nitrides are calculated and X‐ray diffraction and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy are used for phase analysis.
Substrate Induced van der Waals Force Effects on the Stability of Violet Phosphorus
Authors: Singh Sarabpreet , Ghafariasl Mahdi , Ko Hsin‐Yu , Gamage Sampath , DiStasio Robert A. , Snure Michael , Abate Yohannes 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSince the first isolation of graphene, the importance of van der Waals (vdW) interactions has become increasingly recognized in the burgeoning field of layered materials. In this work, infrared nanoimaging techniques and theoretical modeling are used to unravel the critical role played by interfacial vdW interactions in governing the stability of violet phosphorus (VP)—a recently rediscovered wide bandgap p‐type semiconductor—when exfoliated on different substrates. It is demonstrated that vdW interactions with the underlying substrate can have a profound influence on the stability of exfoliated VP flakes and investigate how these interactions are affected by flake thickness, substrate properties (e.g., substrate hydrophilicity, surface roughness), and the exfoliation process. These findings highlight the key role played by interfacial vdW interactions in governing the stability and physical properties of layered materials, and can be used to guide substrate selection in the preparation and study of this important class of materials.
Green Tea Carbon Dots‐Based Electrically Active Hydrogel Dressing for Promoting Wound Healing
Authors: Hu Kang , Huang Zhuo , Tang Qinying , Chen Danyang , Chen Lianxu , Chen Lu , Jiang Guohua , Huang Qianfei , Chai Langjie , Chen Hang , Guo Liang , Li Bin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCurrently, searching for safer and more effective approaches to promote skin wound healing and tissue regeneration is a significant research focus in the field of public health. Eliminating excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) and using electrically active dressings to accelerate wound healing has gained significant attention. Herein, green tea‐based carbon dots (GCDs) are synthesized from leaves of green tea and proven to possess strong antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti‐inflammatory properties. Then, GCDs, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)‐poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) are successfully constructed into a multifunctional conductive PVA‐PEDOT:PSS/GCDs hydrogel (PPPCD) using a repeated freeze‐thaw method for promoting skin wound healing. Highly electrical conductivity is imparted by introducing PEDOT:PSS, while antioxidant and antibacterial properties are conferred by GCDs. In vitro assays demonstrated the excellent biocompatibility of the hydrogel, as well as its ability to scavenge excessive ROS and promote cell migration. Furthermore, the hydrogel not only accelerates wound healing by promoting blood vessel formation and epidermal regeneration but also alleviating excessive inflammation in vivo. Overall, the developed hydrogel dressing demonstrates promising prospects for skin wound healing and offers a new perspective for tissue engineering.
Unraveling the Pathogenesis of Post‐Stroke Depression in a Hemorrhagic Mouse Model through Frontal Lobe Circuitry and JAK‐STAT Signaling
Authors: Wu Yingqing , Deng Jia , Ma Jinsong , Chen Yujie , Hu Ning , Hao Shilei , Wang Bochu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPost‐stroke depression is a common complication that imposes significant burdens and challenges on patients. The occurrence of depression is often associated with frontal lobe hemorrhage, however, current understanding of the underlying mechanisms remains limited. Here, the pathogenic mechanisms associated with the circuitry connectivity, electrophysiological alterations, and molecular characteristics are investigated related to the frontal lobe in adult male mice following unilateral injection of blood in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). It is demonstrated that depression is a specific neurological complication in the unilateral hematoma model of the mPFC, and the ventral tegmental area (VTA) shows a higher percentage of connectivity disruption compared to the lateral habenula (LHb) and striatum (STR). Additionally, long‐range projections originating from the frontal lobe demonstrate higher damage percentages within the connections between each region and the mPFC. mPFC neurons reveal reduced neuronal excitability and altered synaptic communication. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis identifies the involvement of the Janus Kinase‐Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (JAK‐STAT) signaling pathway, and targeting the JAK‐STAT pathway significantly alleviates the severity of depressive symptoms. These findings improve the understanding of post‐hemorrhagic depression and may guide the development of efficient treatments.
Dynamic Schwarz Meta‐Foams: Customizable Solutions for Environmental Noise Reduction
Authors: Saatchi Daniel , Oh Saewoong , Yoo Hyunjoon , Kim Ji‐Seok , Lee Myung‐Joon , Khan Mannan , Wicklein Bernd , Mahato Manmatha , Oh Il‐Kwon 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn an era marked by increasing environmental challenges affecting human well‐being, traditional acoustic materials struggle to effectively handle the diverse and multi‐frequency nature of harmful environmental noises. This has spurred a demand for innovative acoustic metamaterial solutions by utilizing sustainable design strategies. This research introduces tunable Schwarz metamaterial capable of transforming into a soft meta‐foam to solve the complex problems of varying environmental noises. This study primarily focuses on adjusting single to multiple sound‐blocking bandgaps mechanism using a multi‐layered approach, incorporating the Schwarz P‐type triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) and its elective soft foam counterpart, known as tunable Schwarz meta‐foams (TSMF‐x). The tunable design parameters of the unit cell, multi‐layered TPMS, and soft programmable TSMF‐lichen version are comprehensively explored including a fire‐safety test. The results demonstrate these enhanced flame retardant meta‐foam families have the potential to be used for mid‐to‐high‐frequency environmental noises in industrial equipment and smart homes for sustainable architecture and environmental health applications.
Ultrasonic Healing of Plastrons
Authors: Drago‐González Alex , Fauconnier Maxime , Karunakaran Bhuvaneshwari , Wong William S. Y. , Ras Robin H. A. , Nieminen Heikki J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSuperhydrophobic surfaces (SHS) exhibit a pronounced ability to resist wetting. When immersed in water, water does not penetrate between the microstructures of the SHS. Instead, a thin layer of trapped gas remains, i.e., plastron. This fractional wetting is also known as the Cassie–Baxter state (CB). Impairment of superhydrophobicity occurs when water penetrates the plastron and, when complete wetting is achieved, a Wenzel state (W) results. Subsequent recovery back to CB state is one of the main challenges in the field of SHS wetting. Current methods for plastron recovery require complex mechanical or chemical integration, are time‐consuming or lack spatial control. Here an on‐demand, contact‐less approach for performing facile transitions between these wetting states at micrometer length scales is proposed. This is achieved by the use of acoustic radiation force (ARF) produced by high‐intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU). Switching from CB to W state takes <100 µs, while the local recovery back to CB state takes <45 s. To the best of authors knowledge, this is the first demonstration of ARF‐induced manipulation of the plastron enabling facile two‐way controlled switching of wetting states.
Enhanced UV Penetration and Cross‐Linking of Isoporous Block Copolymer and Commercial Ultrafiltration Membranes using Isorefractive Solvent
Authors: Appold Michael , Rangou Sofia , Glass Sarah , Lademann Brigitte , Filiz Volkan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAmphiphilic block copolymers are promising candidates for the fabrication of ultrafiltration membranes with an isoporous integral asymmetric structure. The membranes are typically fabricated by the combination of block copolymer self‐assembly and the non‐solvent‐induced phase separation (SNIPS) process resulting in isoporous integral asymmetric membranes. Certainly, all these membranes lack thermal and chemical stability limiting the usage of such materials. Within this study, the fabrication of completely cross‐linked isoporous integral asymmetric block copolymer membranes is demonstrated by UV cross‐linking resulting in chemical and thermal stable ultrafiltration membranes. The UV cross‐linking process of PVBCB‐b‐P4VP (poly(4‐vinylbenzocyclobutene)‐b‐poly(4vinylpyridine)) block copolymer membranes in dependency of irradiation time, intensity, distance between membrane and UV source and the wavelength is investigated. Furthermore, it is shown that the penetration depths can be increased by soaking the membranes in wave‐guiding solutions before UV cross‐linking is carried out. Moreover, a completely new and easy cross‐linking strategy is developed based on isorefractive solvents resulting in thermal and chemically stable membranes that are cross‐linked through the whole membrane thickness. Finally, the new cross‐linking strategy in isorefractive solutions is transferred to commercial PVDF and PAN‐co‐PVC polymer membranes paving the way for more stable and sustainable ultrafiltration membranes.
Understanding and Strategies for High Energy Density Lithium‐Ion/Lithium Metal Hybrid Batteries
Authors: Park Gyuleen , Kim Sujin , Kim Jisub , Bae Sangjin , Heo Youngjun , Park Dongmin , Kim Heemin , Shin Juhun , Moon Jongseok , Choi Jang Wook 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA pressing need for high‐capacity anode materials beyond graphite is evident, aiming to enhance the energy density of Li‐ion batteries (LIBs). A Li‐ion/Li metal hybrid anode holds remarkable potential for high energy density through additional Li plating, while benefiting from graphite's stable intercalation chemistry. However, limited comprehension of the hybrid anode has led to improper utilization of both chemistries, causing their degradation. Herein, this study reports an effective hybrid anode design considering material properties, the ratio of intercalation‐to‐plating capacity, and Li‐ion transport phenomena on the surface. Mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB) possesses desirable properties for additional Li plating based on its spherical shape, lithiophilic functional group, and sufficient interparticle space, alongside stable intercalation‐based storage capability. Balancing the ratio of intercalation‐to‐plating capacity is also crucial, as excessive Li plating occurs on the top surface of the anode, eventually deactivating the intercalation chemistry by obstructing upper pores. To address this issue, electrospun polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is introduced to prevent Li metal accumulation on the upper surface, leveraging its non‐conductive, polar nature, and high dielectric constant. By implementing these strategies, a LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 (NCA)‐paired pouch cell delivers an outstanding energy density of 1101.0 Wh L−1, highlighting its potential as an advanced post‐LIBs with practical feasibility.
Parental political engagement and self‐efficacy: An exploratory study
Authors: Randolph Christina , Needlman Robert , Hutchinson Ellen 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPolitical engagement (PE) is associated with a sense of empowerment. PE by parents affects children's lives. This study explored parents' attitudes about inclusion of political engagement discussion in well‐child care. Because voting is an expression of empowerment, we hypothesized that voting would be related to higher parenting self‐efficacy. We administered a brief questionnaire to a convenience sample of parents/guardians at well‐child visits at an urban hospital. The questionnaire included 10 Likert scale questions touching on parenting efficacy; beliefs about political engagement; voting behaviors; and demographics. Analysis included descriptive statistics, correlations, and factor analysis. Among the 70 respondents 84% were mothers; 55% self‐identified as low income; 62% self‐identified as a “person of color.” Voting in the 2020 national election was reported by 37%. Most parents (54%) said they would feel comfortable discussing voting with a doctor. Factor analysis identified two main factors: self‐efficacy and engagement. Engagement, but not self‐efficacy, was related to voting behavior. Contrary to our hypothesis, PE did not appear related to parenting self‐efficacy. Notably, more than half of parents felt comfortable discussing PE with their child's doctor. Given the critical role of parents in shaping the world their children inhabit, further exploration could prove to be of value.