bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polycrystalline silicon, a molecular dynamics study: I. Deposition and growth modes
Authors: Santonen Mikael , Lahti Antti , Jahanshah Rad Zahra , Miettinen Mikko , Ebrahimzadeh Masoud , Lehtiö Juha-Pekka , Laukkanen Pekka , Punkkinen Marko , Paturi Petriina , Kokko Kalevi , Kuronen Antti , Li Wei , Vitos Levente , Parkkinen Katja , Eklund Markus 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) significantly expands the properties of the ICT miracle material, silicon (Si). Depending on the grain size and shape and grain boundary structure, the properties of poly-Si exceed what single-crystal (c-Si) and amorphous (a-Si) silicon can offer, especially for radio frequency (RF) applications in microelectronics. Due to its wide range of applications and, on the one hand, its theoretically and technologically challenging microstructure, poly-Si research is the most timely (Ding et al 2020 Mater. Charact.
161 110174; Zhao and Li 2019 Acta Mater.
168 52–62). In this report, we describe how we simulate and analyse the phenomena and mechanisms that control the effect of poly-Si deposition parameters on the structure of the deposited poly-Si films using classical molecular dynamics simulations. The grain shape and size, degree of crystallinity, grain boundary structure and the stress of poly-Si films are determined depending on the growth temperature, temperature distribution in the growing film, deposition flux, flux variation and the energy transferred to the film surface due to the deposition flux. The main results include: (i) the dependence of the crystallinity profile of the deposited poly-Si films on the stress, temperature and the different parameters of the deposition flux, (ii) growth modes at the early stages of the deposition, (iii) interaction and stability of seed crystallites at the early stage of the deposition of poly-Si films and the transition from the isolated crystallite growth to the poly-Si growth, (iv) interplay of the temperature, crystallinity, crystal shape and heath conductivity of different Si phases, (v) four different stages of crystallite growth are described: nucleation, growth, disappearance and retardation.
Highly-efficient low-cost polarization-sensitive organic photodetectors based on laminated self-assembly planar and bulk heterojunctions
Authors: Zhang Chi , Shao Zhimin , Yu Feng , Cao Yunhao , Hou Lintao 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
To overcome the severe problems arising from the insufficient light absorption of ultrathin self-assembly active layers and the high cost use of atomic force deposition (ALD)-grown low-leakage-current transport layers, we successfully developed a low-cost, simple and facile strategy of floating-film transfer and multilayer lamination (FFTML) for constructing highly-efficient ALD-free broadband polarization-sensitive organic photodetectors (OPDs) with the two commonly used structures of donor/acceptor planar heterojunction (PHJ) and donor:acceptor multilayer bulk heterojunction (BHJ). It was found that the PHJ-based polarization-sensitive OPD by FFTML possesses a low dark current due to the high carrier injection barrier, indicating it is more suitable to be applied in low polarized light detection scenarios. In contrast, the BHJ-based device by FFTML has a higher spectral responsivity in the whole wavelength due to more photo-excitons transferred to the donor:acceptor interface and dissociated into photoexcited carrirers. Furthermore, the film thickness, which is tuned by increasing lamination number of BHJ layers, has a big effect on the polarization-sensitive photodetection performance. The polarization-sensitive 4-BHJ OPD by FFTML finally achieved a high specific detectivity of 8.33 × 1010 Jones, which was much higher than 2.72 × 1010 Jones for the 2-BHJ device at 0 V. This work demonstrates that layer-by-layer lamination of self-assembly films can effectively improve the polarized-light detection performance, contributing significantly to the rapid development of the field.
Simultaneous mapping of cathodoluminescence spectra and backscatter diffraction patterns in a scanning electron microscope
Authors: Edwards Paul R , Naresh Kumar G , McKendry Jonathan J D , Xie Enyuan , Gu Erdan , Dawson Martin D , Martin Robert W 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Electron backscatter diffraction and cathodoluminescence are complementary scanning electron microscopy modes widely used in the characterisation of semiconductor films, respectively revealing the strain state of a crystalline material and the effect of this strain on the light emission from the sample. Conflicting beam, sample and detector geometries have meant it is not generally possible to acquire the two signals together during the same scan. Here, we present a method of achieving this simultaneous acquisition, by collecting the light emission through a transparent sample substrate. We apply this combination of techniques to investigate the strain field and resultant emission wavelength variation in a deep-ultraviolet micro-LED. For such compatible samples, this approach has the benefits of avoiding image alignment issues and minimising beam damage effects.
Developing an explainable diagnosis system utilizing deep learning model: a case study of spontaneous pneumothorax
Authors: Lin Frank Cheau-Feng , Wei Chia-Jung , Bai Zhe-Rui , Chang Chi-Chang , Chiu Ming-Chuan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective. The trend in the medical field is towards intelligent detection-based medical diagnostic systems. However, these methods are often seen as ‘black boxes’ due to their lack of interpretability. This situation presents challenges in identifying reasons for misdiagnoses and improving accuracy, which leads to potential risks of misdiagnosis and delayed treatment. Therefore, how to enhance the interpretability of diagnostic models is crucial for improving patient outcomes and reducing treatment delays. So far, only limited researches exist on deep learning-based prediction of spontaneous pneumothorax, a pulmonary disease that affects lung ventilation and venous return. Approach. This study develops an integrated medical image analysis system using explainable deep learning model for image recognition and visualization to achieve an interpretable automatic diagnosis process. Main results. The system achieves an impressive 95.56% accuracy in pneumothorax classification, which emphasizes the significance of the blood vessel penetration defect in clinical judgment. Significance. This would lead to improve model trustworthiness, reduce uncertainty, and accurate diagnosis of various lung diseases, which results in better medical outcomes for patients and better utilization of medical resources. Future research can focus on implementing new deep learning models to detect and diagnose other lung diseases that can enhance the generalizability of this system.
New approach to measuring topological phase transitions utilizing Floquet technology
Authors: Yang 杨 Xue-Ying 雪滢 , Wu 吴 Wei 伟 , Chen 陈 Ping-Xing 平形 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The Floquet technique provides a novel anomalous topological phase for non-equilibrium phase transitions. Based on the high symmetry of the quantum anomalous Hall model, the findings suggest a one-to-one correspondence between the average spin texture and the Floquet quasi-energy spectrum. A new approach is proposed to directly measure the quasi-energy spectrum, replacing previous measurements of the average spin texture. Finally, we proposed a reliable experimental scheme based on ion trap platforms. This scheme markedly reduces the measurement workload, improves the measurement fidelity, and is applicable to multiple platforms such as cold atoms and nuclear magnetic resonance.
Evaluation of the activation of the radiation shielding of the LaDiff neutron triple-axis-spectrometer at FRM-II by simulation/calculation
Authors: Grünauer F. , Keller T. , Georgii R. , Skoulatos M. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Neutron radiation is widely used for investigation of matter
at research reactors and spallation sources. One undesired
side-effect is the production of radioactive nuclides in structure
materials of the instruments (e.g. mounting structures and
radiation shieldings) due to neutron capture reactions. Hence the
structure materials themselves become radiation sources. The
knowledge of the activities after a certain time of operation is
essential for determination of the accessibility, for modifications
of the instrument, for reusing the material and for waste
management. It is desirable to have these data in the design phase
of the instrument. One possibility to obtain the data is a
combination of simulation and calculation. In this paper the
simulations/calculations for the LaDiff cold triple-axis neutron
spectrometer project at FRM-II (research reactor Munich) are
presented. The activities in the shielding house around the
experimental area of the instrument made from stainless steel and
lead are considered for the cases with and without boron-carbide
cover and for different Sb-contents of the lead layer. The influence
of the skyshine is also considered.
Public attitudes and emotions toward novel carbon removal methods in alternative sociotechnical scenarios
Authors: Cox Emily , Bellamy Rob , Waller Laurie 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Despite high expectations about the role of carbon removal in meeting global climate targets, many of the proposed techniques remain nascent. This is especially so for techniques with potential for large-scale, permanent removal of CO2, such as direct air carbon capture and storage (DACCS) and ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE). In such a context, understanding public attitudes is crucial but challenging, since we do not have enough information about the sociotechnical configurations which might accompany such proposals over future timescales. Carbon removal at scale will not take place in a vacuum—it will co-evolve within political, social, economic, and legal structures which in turn will have a strong influence on public attitudes. This study used a nationally-representative survey (n = 1978) in the UK to test the impact of alternative sociotechnical systems on public attitudes to DACCS and OAE. Participants were randomly assigned to one of five scenario conditions, representing different forms of governance logic (top–down vs bottom–up) and market logic (planned vs liberal economy), plus one with minimal sociotechnical information. We find that the scenario condition significantly impacted perceptions of OAE, with participants preferring its implementation within a bottom–up, planned economy scenario, and rejecting scenarios which most closely resembled the status quo. There were no significant differences between scenarios for DACCS, suggesting that the technology may be more flexible across alternative sociotechnical arrangements. OAE arouses more negative emotions, particularly worry about impacts on ocean ecosystems, whereas DACCS arouses more hope. We found that climate worry is associated with stronger emotions—both positive and negative—toward both techniques, thus carbon dioxide removal (CDR) could be polarising for the most climate-worried, likely due to tensions between climate urgency and concerns about deterring emissions reductions. The most important criteria for future CDR deployment were deemed to be biodiversity, durability, and cost, with a strong discourse around the current cost-of-living crisis.
Lattice Boltzmann method for the linear complementarity problem arising from American option pricing
Authors: Wu Fangfang , Zhang Yi , Wang Yingying , Zhang Qi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In this paper, a lattice Boltzmann method is proposed for solving the linear complementarity problem (LCP) arising in single and multi-asset American put option pricing. The LCP for American option is a variable coefficient parabolic model defined on an unbounded domain. Initially, using the far field estimate method and the penalty method respectively, the LCP could be reformulated into a nonlinear parabolic partial differential equation on a bounded domain. To construct a unified lattice Boltzmann model for the option pricing problems, the above transformation equations are rewritten into an equivalent divergence form. Then, through the incorporation of an amending function into the evolution equation, which assists in recovering the source term and eliminating the error term, the lattice Boltzmann model with spatial second-order accuracy is constructed. Finally, the present model is validated using numerical simulations, and the numerical results agree well with the option values obtained by existing methods, which indicates that the present lattice Boltzmann model is efficient for solving the American put option pricing problem.
Corrosion mitigation of 6061 aluminium alloy hybrid metal matrix composite using a green inhibitor: experimental and theoretical investigations
Authors: M Lavanya , Hegde Bhavya , Gaonkar Santhosh L , M C Gowri Shankar , Sinha Rajeev K , Kumari P Preethi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Carbohydrate compounds are recognized potent green corrosion inhibitors owing to their structural properties and eco-friendliness. This study showed the effectiveness of glucosamine sulfate (GAS), an eco-friendly green inhibitor, in mitigating the deterioration of 6061 aluminium alloy reinforced with 2% SiC and 2% B4C hybrid composite (6061AA-HMMC) material in 0.1 M hydrochloric acid (HCl) medium. Electrochemical measurements were carried out to quantify the corrosion rate in the absence and presence of the GAS. The results were included in an acceptable adsorption isotherm model, and a suitable mechanism for the corrosion inhibition process was discussed in detail. To comprehend the method of adsorption, the Freundlich isotherm model was applied. Different characterization techniques were used to verify the adsorption of the investigated inhibitor. The optimized structure of the GAS was analysed using density functional theory to provide further insight into its interaction with the metal surface. The infrared (IR) and UV-visible (UV) spectra for the adsorption of the inhibitor molecule were compared with the IR and UV spectra calculated by B3LYP/6-311++G(d, p).
Single channel speech enhancement using time-frequency attention mechanism based nested U-net model
Authors: Prathipati Anil Kumar , Chakravarthy A S N 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Deep-learning models have used attention mechanisms to improve quality and intelligibility of noisy speech, demonstrating the effectiveness of attention mechanisms. We rely on either spatial or temporal-based attention mechanisms, resulting in severe information loss. In this paper, a time-frequency attention mechanism with a nested U-network (TFANUNet) is proposed for single-channel speech enhancement. By using TFA, learns which channel, frequency and time information is more significant for speech enhancement. Basically, the proposed model is an encoder-decoder model, where each layer in the encoder and decoder is followed by a nested dense residual dilated DensNet (NDRD) based multi-scale context aggression block. NDRD involves multiple dilated convolutions with different dilatation factors to explore the large receptive area at different scales simultaneously. NDRD avoids the aliasing problem in DenseNet. We integrated the TFA and NDRD blocks into the proposed model to enable refined feature set extraction without information loss and utterance-level context aggregation, respectively. Under seen and unseen noise conditions, the proposed TFAD3MNet model produces an average of 87.02% and 85.04% of STOI values, and 3.19 and 3.01 averaged PESQ values. The trainable parameters of proposed model are 2.09 million,which is very less compared to baselines. TFANUNet model results outperform baselines in terms of STOI and PESQ.
Copernican Revolution or Green Protectionism?
Authors: Meyer Timothy 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Contemporary trade agreements include an ever-expanding set of environmental and sustainability commitments. Likewise, the world’s leading developed economies have begun rolling out green trade barriers in the form of product bans, border adjustments, and discriminatory subsidies. This chapter argues that the growth of sustainable trade policies reflects two phenomena. First, it reflects the ordinary historical ebb and flow of unilateralism and multilateralism. While at some points in history multilateral institutions have taken the lead in shaping trade policy, at other times unilateralism has played a more important role. Second, green trade policies usually pursue multiple objectives. This fact means that assessing their effects through a Puritan lens is a fool’s errand. The quest nations are on today is not for trade policies that promote sustainability in the least trade-restrictive way possible. It is for policies that generate the political support to address urgent environmental crises while still promoting economic growth.
The Road Ahead
Authors: Claussen Kathleen , Vidigal Geraldo 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter takes stock of the conclusions reached in the contributions to this volume. We examine the findings in the various chapters, consider the work that remains to be undertaken in this field, and survey new challenges in the formulation of agreements affecting trade that pursue a mix of environmental, social, and economic objectives. The road ahead for sustainability provisions in trade agreements is to some degree unknowable. Just as revolutions sometimes spur counter-revolutions, there are forces working against this turn, economically and legally. Continued demand for provisions of this kind suggests to us that attention to these issues is likely to increase, while the forms and designs of the agreements that further these aims continue to evolve.
The NLRP3 inflammasome in burns: a novel potential therapeutic target
Authors: Li Haihong , Zhao Junhong , Cao Leilei , Luo Qizhi , Zhang Cuiping , Zhang Lei 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Burns are an underestimated serious injury negatively impacting survivors physically, psychologically and economically, and thus are a considerable public health burden. Despite significant advancements in burn treatment, many burns still do not heal or develop serious complications/sequelae. The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors (NLRs) family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a critical regulator of wound healing, including burn wound healing. A better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanism underlying the healing of burn wounds may help find optimal therapeutic targets to promote the healing of burn wounds, reduce complications/sequelae following burn, and maximize the restoration of structure and function of burn skin. This review aimed to summarize current understanding of the roles and regulatory mechanisms of the NLRP3 inflammasome in burn wound healing, as well as the preclinical studies of the involvement of NLRP3 inhibitors in burn treatment, highlighting the potential application of NLRP3-targeted therapy in burn wounds.
Exercise-induced complete atrioventricular block resulting in cardiac arrest: a case report and review of diagnostic strategies
Authors: Braga Fabrício , Bessa Tácito , Cunha Matheus , Bueno Paiva Roberto , Stein Ricardo 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Exercise-induced complete atrioventricular block (EIAVB) is a rare cardiac conduction abnormality presenting challenges in diagnosis due to non-specific symptoms such as exertional dyspnoea, dizziness, and syncope.

Case summary
We present a case of a 76-year-old female with recurrent exercise-associated syncope. Non-invasive exercise testing played a crucial role in diagnosing her condition, revealing EIAVB and underscoring its importance in patients with cardiovascular risk factors.

Discussion
This case provides insight into the pathophysiology of EIAVB, including altered atrioventricular nodal refractoriness and exercise-induced ischaemic imbalances. It highlights the need for heightened clinical vigilance in diagnosing exercise-related syncope, especially in pre-existing cardiovascular conditions. This case underscores the critical importance of non-invasive testing for diagnosing EIAVB, highlighting the necessity of thorough evaluation in patients presenting with ambiguous symptoms and cardiovascular risks. Consequently, it advocates for adherence to guidelines to enhance outcomes and reduce the need for unnecessary invasive procedures.
Efficacy of an expandable prosthesis placement after left pneumonectomy for soft tissue Ewing sarcoma in a 5-year-old child: 10 years follow-up
Authors: Langeron Margaux , Khen-Dunlop Naziha , Helfre Sylvie , Sarnacki Sabine 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We report the case of a 5-year-old girl who underwent left pneumonectomy for Ewing sarcoma of the lung. Two expandable prostheses were placed in the left hemi-thorax to prevent post-pneumonectomy syndrome and to protect the heart from radiotherapy. With a follow-up of 10 years, the procedure proved to be effective both on post-pneumonectomy syndrome and on cardiac protection.
Procedural and Intermediate-term Results of the Electroanatomical-guided Cardioneuroablation for the Treatment of Supra-Hisian Second- or Advanced-degree Atrioventricular Block: the PIRECNA multicentre registry
Authors: Aksu Tolga , Piotrowski Roman , Tung Roderick , De Potter Tom , Markman Timothy M , du Fay de Lavallaz Jeanne , Rekvava Roin , Alyesh Daniel , Joza Jacqueline E , Badertscher Patrick , Do Duc H , Bradfield Jason S , Upadhyay Gaurav , Sood Nitesh , Sharma Parikshit S , Guler Tumer Erdem , Gul Enes Elvin , Kumar Vineet , Koektuerk Buelent , Dal Forno Alexander Romeno Janner , Woods Christopher E , Rav-Acha Moshe , Valeriano Chiara , Enriquez Andres , Sundaram Sri , Glikson Michael , d’Avila Andre , Shivkumar Kalyanam , Kulakowski Piotr , Huang Henry D 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Aims
Prior case series showed promising results for cardioneuroablation in patients with vagally induced atrioventricular blocks (VAVBs). We aimed to examine the acute procedural characteristics and intermediate-term outcomes of electroanatomical-guided cardioneuroablation (EACNA) in patients with VAVB.

Methods and results
This international multicentre retrospective registry included data collected from 20 centres. Patients presenting with symptomatic paroxysmal or persistent VAVB were included in the study. All patients underwent EACNA. Procedural success was defined by the acute reversal of atrioventricular blocks (AVBs) and complete abolition of atropine response. The primary outcome was occurrence of syncope and daytime second- or advanced-degree AVB on serial prolonged electrocardiogram monitoring during follow-up. A total of 130 patients underwent EACNA. Acute procedural success was achieved in 96.2% of the cases. During a median follow-up of 300 days (150, 496), the primary outcome occurred in 17/125 (14%) cases with acute procedural success (recurrence of AVB in 9 and new syncope in 8 cases). Operator experience and use of extracardiac vagal stimulation were similar for patients with and without primary outcomes. A history of atrial fibrillation, hypertension, and coronary artery disease was associated with a higher primary outcome occurrence. Only four patients with primary outcome required pacemaker placement during follow-up.

Conclusion
This is the largest multicentre study demonstrating the feasibility of EACNA with encouraging intermediate-term outcomes in selected patients with VAVB. Studies investigating the effect on burden of daytime symptoms caused by the AVB are required to confirm these findings.