bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Employment status and sick-leave following obesity surgery: a five-year prospective cohort study
Authors: Andersen John Roger , Hernæs Ulrikke J.V. , Hufthammer Karl Ove , Våge Villy 
Published: September 2015

Background.Severe obesity is a risk factor for lower participation in paid work, but whether employment increases and sick leave decreases after obesity surgery is not well documented.Methods.We assessed 224 Norwegian patients with severe obesity (mean age: 40; mean BMI: 49; 61% female) regarding employment status (working versus not working) and the number of days of sick leave during the preceding 12 months, before and five years after obesity surgery (75% follow-up rate). Logistic regression analysis was used to study preoperative predictors of employment status after surgery.Results.There were no change in the employment rate over time (54% versus 58%), but the number of days of sick leave per year was significantly reduced, from a mean of 63 to a mean of 26, and from a median of 36 to a median of 4. Most of this change was attributable to patients with zero days of sick leave, which increased from 25% to 41%. Being female, older, having low education level, receiving disability pension and not being employed before obesity surgery were important risk factors for not being employed after obesity surgery. The type of obesity surgery, BMI and marital status were not useful predictors.Conclusions.Our findings suggest that undergoing obesity surgery is not associated with a higher rate of employment, although it may reduce the number of days of sick leave. Additional interventions are likely needed to influence the employment status of these patients. The significant preoperative predictors of not being employed in this study provide suggestions for further research.
A reflection on the first 50 years of Water Resources Research
Authors: Rajaram Harihar , Bahr Jean M. , Blöschl Günter , Cai Ximing , Scott Mackay D. , Michalak Anna M. , Montanari Alberto , Sanchez‐Villa Xavier , Sander Graham 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe year 2015 marks the 50th anniversary of Water Resources Research (WRR), which was founded in 1965. More than 15,000 papers have been published in WRR since its inception, and these papers have been cited more than 430,000 times. The history of hydrology and the water sciences are also reflected in WRR, which has served as a premier publication outlet and instigator of scientific growth over the last 50 years. The legacy of WRR provides a strong scientific foundation for the hydrology community to rise to the challenges of sustainable water resources management in a future where dramatic environmental change and increasing human population are expected to stress the world's water resources from local to global scales.
Methanol Oxidation Reaction on α‐Tungsten Carbide Versus Platinum (1 1 1) Surfaces: A DFT Electrochemical Study
Authors: Di Valentin Cristiana , Fittipaldi Diego , Pacchioni Gianfranco 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA density functional study of Gibbs free energy profiles for the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) on Pt and α‐WC surfaces provides a solid basis for the rationalisation that transition metal carbides represent excellent alternative materials to Pt as fuel cell anodes. Furthermore, this study shows that a strategy to enhance the activity of the WC surfaces is by doping with an excess of electronic charge. Although on the neutral surface the preferred pathway is through the dissociation of the methanol O−H bond with no formation of CO, on the electron‐rich surface the reaction goes quite easily to CO, which is then transformed to CO2 by applying an onset potential of only 0.49 V (computed with reference to a standard hydrogen electrode). This is almost exactly the potential required to achieve full oxidation to CO2 on the Pt (1 1 1) surface (computed to be 0.48 V) through a direct CH mechanism (dissociation of the methanol C−H bond). This analysis is corroborated by the excellent agreement between the computed and experimental onset potentials.
Synthesis of Dispirocyclopentyl‐3,3′‐bisoxindoles via Domino Cycloaddition Reactions of 4‐Dimethylaminopyridinium Bromides with 3‐Phenacylideneoxindoles
Authors: Lu Lijuan , Yan Chaoguo 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe base mediated cycloaddition reactions of 4‐dimethylamino‐1‐phenacylpyridinium bromides with two molecular 3‐phenacylideneoxindoles in methylene dichloride afforded functionalized dispirocyclopentyl‐3,3′‐bisoxindoles in good yields and with high diastereoselectivity. The similar cycloaddition reactions of 1‐(N,N‐dialkylcarbamoylmethyl) and 1‐cyanomethyl 4‐dimethylamino‐pyridinium bromide in refluxing ethanol in the presence of triethylamine also resulted in dispirocyclopentyl‐3,3′‐bisoxindoles with high diastereoselectivity. The stereochemistry of dispirocyclopentyl‐3,3′‐bisoxindoles was elucidated on the basis of 1H NMR data and single crystal structures.
Synthesis of Terphenyl Derivatives by Pd‐Catalyzed Suzuki‐Miyaura Reaction of Dibromobenzene Using 2N2O‐Salen as a Ligand in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Gu Ningning , Liu Yashuai , Liu Ping , Ma Xiaowei , Yan Liu , Dai Bin 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA simple and efficient catalytic system for Na2PdCl4 catalyzing the Suzuki‐Miyaura reaction of dibromobenzene and arylboronic acid has been developed by using 2N2O‐salen as a ligand in H2O/EtOH (V:V=4:1) at 100°C. Using this method, the reactions of substrates containing sterically demanding ortho substituents (e.g. dibromobenzene and/or arylboronic acids) proceeded efficiently, with the corresponding terphenyl derivatives being produced in moderate to excellent yields. Furthermore, this method offers interesting features for the multi‐gram scale synthesis of terphenyl compound.
Vertex re‐identification attack using neighbourhood‐pair properties
Authors: Abawajy Jemal , Ninggal Mohd Izuan Hafez , Herawan Tutut 
Published: September 2015

SummaryThere has been a growing interest in sharing and mining social network data for a wide variety of applications. In this paper, we address the problem of privacy disclosure risks that arise from publishing social network data. Specifically, we look at the vertex re‐identification attack that aims to link specific vertex in social network data to specific individual in the real world. We show that even when identifiable attributes such as names are removed from released social network data, re‐identification attack is still possible by manipulating abstract information. We present a new type of vertex re‐identification attack model called neighbourhood‐pair attack. This attack utilizes the information about the local communities of two connected vertices to identify the target individual. We show both theoretically and empirically that the proposed attack provides higher re‐identification rate compared with the existing re‐identification attacks that also manipulate network structure properties. The experiments conducted also show that the proposed attack is still possible even on anonymised social network data. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intelligent trading architecture
Authors: Freitas Fabio Daros , Freitas Christian Daros , De Souza Alberto Ferreira 
Published: September 2015

SummaryThis work presents the Intelligent Trading Architecture (ITA), which is a new automated trading system architecture that supports multiple strategies for multiple market conditions through hierarchical trading signals generation. The central idea of the proposed system architecture is decomposing the trading problem into a set of tasks that are handled by distributed autonomous agents under a minimal central coordination. With this kind of architecture, we can take advantage of currently available and future high‐performance computing systems. These systems, due to the way computer architecture has evolved in the recent past and foreseeable future, are composed of multiple processor cores. We are implementing the ITA software architecture employing the Carnegie Mellon Navigation (CARMEN) robot control software and using a publish/subscribe communication model. Together, CARMEN and this communication model allow the implementation of high‐performance, scalable parallel computing systems that leverage the architecture of multi‐core systems. For this work, we evaluated the data structures and algorithms employed by the symbol module of the ITA software architecture, which is responsible for maintaining the synchronized local copies of exchanges limit order books (LOB) for the instruments traded by the system. Our LOB implementation strongly outperformed a reference implementation in all evaluated parameters by more than one order of magnitude in some cases, achieving average throughputs of 4 million orders/s when creating new orders, 3 million orders/s when changing existing orders, and 17 million orders/s when querying orders. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Risk assessment based on indirect predation cues: revisiting fine‐grained variation
Authors: McCoy Michael W. , Wheat Stefan K. , Warkentin Karen M. , Vonesh James R. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractTo adaptively express inducible defenses, prey must gauge risk based on indirect cues of predation. However, the information contained in indirect cues that enable prey to fine‐tune their phenotypes to variation in risk is still unclear. In aquatic systems, research has focused on cue concentration as the key variable driving threat‐sensitive responses to risk. However, while risk is measured as individuals killed per time, cue concentration may vary with either the number or biomass killed. Alternatively, fine‐grained variation in cue, that is, frequency of cue pulses irrespective of concentration, may provide a more reliable signal of risk. Here, we present results from laboratory experiments that examine the relationship between red‐eyed treefrog tadpole growth and total cue, cue per pulse, and cue pulse frequency. We also reanalyze an earlier study that examined the effect of fine‐grained variation in predator cues on wood frog tadpole growth. Both studies show growth declines with increasing cue pulse frequency, even though individual pulses in high‐frequency treatments contained very little cue. This result suggests that counter to earlier conclusions, tadpoles are using fine‐grained variation in cue arising from the number of predation events to assess and respond to predation risk, as predicted by consumer–resource theory.
Deletion of Estrogen Receptor Beta in Osteoprogenitor Cells Increases Trabecular but Not Cortical Bone Mass in Female Mice
Authors: Nicks Kristy M , Fujita Koji , Fraser Daniel , McGregor Ulrike , Drake Matthew T , McGee-Lawrence Meghan E , Westendorf Jennifer J , Monroe David G , Khosla Sundeep 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT

Although the role of ERα in regulating bone metabolism has been extensively studied, ERβ has been largely dismissed as a relevant modulator of bone mass. Previous studies examining ERβ utilized a germline knockout mouse expressing transcript variants of ERβ and displaying systemic hormonal changes that confounded interpretation of the skeletal phenotype. Thus, we used a conditional ERβ mouse model to achieve deletion of ERβ specifically in early osteoprogenitor cells using the Prx1-Cre driver. We observed marked increases in the trabecular bone volume fraction (of 58% [p &lt; 0.003] and 93% [p &lt; 0.0003] in 6- and 12-week-old female ERβPrx1–CKO mice, respectively) but no changes in cortical bone. Serum estradiol and IGF-I levels were unaltered in ERβPrx1–CKO mice. Bone formation and resorption indices by histomorphometry and serum assays were unchanged in these mice, suggesting that alterations in bone turnover may have occurred early in development. However, the ratio of colony-forming unit-osteoblasts (CFU-OBs) to CFU-fibroblasts (CFU-Fs) was increased in bone marrow cultures from ERβPrx1–CKO compared with control mice, indicating increased differentiation of osteoblast precursor cells into osteoblasts in ERβPrx1–CKO mice. Detailed quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses of 128 genes in 16 prespecified pathways revealed significant downregulation of 11 pathways in ERβPrx1–CKO mice. Thus, deletion of ERβ specifically in osteoblast lineage cells, in the absence of all splice variants, increases trabecular bone mass and modulates multiple pathways related to bone metabolism. These findings suggest that pharmacological inhibition of ERβ in bone may provide a novel approach to treat osteoporosis. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Altering the emission properties of conjugated polymers
Authors: Botiz Ioan , Astilean Simion , Stingelin Natalie 
Published: September 2015

AbstractMany technological applications that have had tremendous impact on our society and lifestyle are exploiting the emission properties of organic species such as conjugated polymers and organic small‐molecule semiconductors. The most prominent case‐in‐point here are possibly organic light‐emitting diodes, which have found use in information displays, touch screens and beyond. To further advance the rapid development of these powerful and versatile technologies, it will be of paramount importance to gain fundamental insights about which strategies and processes we can employ to alter, control and eventually enhance the emission properties of this interesting class of material. In this work, we focus on macromolecular systems and review the most important categories of tools that can be employed to efficiently alter their emission properties by manipulating their molecular architecture and electronic structure; by influencing their molecular ordering, packing motifs and overall microstructure; as well as by utilizing the ability of some of these materials to respond to external stimuli and other physical parameters (pressure, light exposure etc.) and/or to interact with other compounds, including systems of different functionalities. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Sequential deposition of block copolymer thin films and formation of lamellar heterolattices by electrospray deposition
Authors: Choo Youngwoo , Hu Hanqiong , Toth Kristof , Osuji Chinedum O. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTThe delivery of sub‐micron droplets of dilute polymer solutions to a heated substrate by electrospray atomization enabled precisely controlled and continuous deposition, or growth, of block copolymer thin films. It also provided, in principle, the ability to fabricate heterolattice materials using sequential depositions. This possibility was explored and the morphology of resulting composite films produced by such sequential electrospray deposition (ESD) of lamellar diblock copolymers of poly(styrene‐b‐4‐vinylpyridine) with differing molecular weights was examined. The structure of the heterolattice interface was a strong function of temperature. Sharp interfaces with abrupt changes in the lamellar period were observed at lower deposition temperatures, while higher temperatures produced a smooth variation in the lamellar period from one molecular weight to the next. The ordering kinetics of a secondary high molecular weight layer could be substantially enhanced depending on the molecular weight of the polymer present in the underlying primary layer. These findings were discussed in the context of temperature and molecular weight dependent diffusion dynamics of the polymers in the melt which control the inter‐mixing of the layers and therefore the structure of the heterolattice interface. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016, 54, 247–253
Application of ion mobility tandem mass spectrometry to compositional and structural analysis of glycopeptides extracted from the urine of a patient diagnosed with Schindler disease
Authors: Sarbu Mirela , Zhu Feifei , Peter‐Katalinić Jasna , Clemmer David E. , Zamfir Alina D. 
Published: September 2015

RationaleSchindler disease is caused by the deficient activity of α‐N‐acetylgalactosaminidase, which leads to an abnormal accumulation of O‐glycopeptides in tissues and body fluids. In this work the Schindler condition is for the first time approached by ion mobility (IMS) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), for determining urine glycopeptide fingerprints and discriminate isomeric structures.MethodsIMS‐MS experiments were conducted on a Synapt G2s mass spectrometer operating in negative ion mode. A glycopeptide mixture extracted from the urine of a patient suffering from Schindler disease was dissolved in methanol and infused into the mass spectrometer by electrospray ionization using a syringe‐pump system. MS/MS was performed by collision‐induced dissociation (CID) at low energies, after mobility separation in the transfer cell. Data acquisition and processing were performed using MassLynx and Waters Driftscope software.ResultsIMS‐MS data indicated that the attachment of one or two amino acids to the carbohydrate backbone has a minimal influence on the molecule conformation, which limits the discrimination of the free oligosaccharides from the glycosylated amino acids and dipeptides. The structural analysis by CID MS/MS in combination with IMS‐MS of species exhibiting the same m/z but different configurations demonstrated for the first time the presence of positional isomers for some of the Schindler disease biomarker candidates.ConclusionsThe IMS‐MS and CID MS/MS platform was for the first time optimized and applied to Schindler disease glycourinome. By this approach the separation and characterization of Neu5Ac positional isomers was possible. IMS CID MS/MS showed the ability to determine the type of the glycopeptide isomers from a series of possible candidates. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Instrumental improvements and sample preparations that enable reproducible, reliable acquisition of mass spectra from whole bacterial cells
Authors: Alusta Pierre , Buzatu Dan , Williams Anna , Cooper Willie‐Mae , Tarasenko Olga , Dorey R. Cameron , Hall Reggie , Parker W. Ryan , Wilkes Jon G. 
Published: September 2015

RationaleRapid sub‐species characterization of pathogens is required for timely responses in outbreak situations. Pyrolysis mass spectrometry (PyMS) has the potential to be used for this purpose.MethodsHowever, in order to make PyMS practical for traceback applications, certain improvements related to spectrum reproducibility and data acquisition speed were required. The main objectives of this study were to facilitate fast detection (<30 min to analyze 6 samples, including preparation) and sub‐species‐level bacterial characterization based on pattern recognition of mass spectral fingerprints acquired from whole cells volatilized and ionized at atmospheric pressure. An AccuTOF DART mass spectrometer was re‐engineered to permit ionization of low‐volatility bacteria by means of Plasma Jet Ionization (PJI), in which an electric discharge, and, by extension, a plasma beam, impinges on sample cells.ResultsInstrumental improvements and spectral acquisition methodology are described. Performance of the re‐engineered system was assessed using a small challenge set comprised of assorted bacterial isolates differing in identity by varying amounts. In general, the spectral patterns obtained allowed differentiation of all samples tested, including those of the same genus and species but different serotypes.ConclusionsFluctuations of ±15% in bacterial cell concentrations did not substantially compromise replicate spectra reproducibility. © 2015 National Center for Toxicological Research. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
A new isotopic reference material for stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope‐ratio measurements of water – USGS50 Lake Kyoga Water
Authors: Coplen Tyler B. , Wassenaar Leonard I. , Mukwaya Christine , Qi Haiping , Lorenz Jennifer M. 
Published: September 2015

RationaleAs a result of the need for isotopic reference waters having high δ2HVSMOW‐SLAP and δ18OVSMOW‐SLAP values for daily use, especially for tropical and equatorial‐zone freshwaters, a new secondary isotopic reference material for international distribution was prepared from water collected from Lake Kyoga, Uganda.MethodsThis isotopic reference lakewater was filtered through a membrane with 0.2‐µm pore size, homogenized, loaded into glass ampoules that were sealed with a torch and autoclaved to eliminate biological activity, and measured by dual‐inlet isotope‐ratio mass spectrometry. This reference material is available in a case of 144 glass ampoules each containing 5 mL of water.ResultsThe δ2H and δ18O values of this reference material are +32.8 ± 0.4 and +4.95 ± 0.02 mUr (milliurey = 0.001 = 1 ‰), respectively, relative to VSMOW, on scales normalized such that the δ2H and δ18O values of SLAP reference water are, respectively, −428 and −55.5 mUr. Each uncertainty is an estimated expanded uncertainty (U = 2uc) about the reference value that provides an interval that has about a 95 % probability of encompassing the true value.ConclusionsThis isotopic reference material, designated as USGS50, is intended as one of two reference waters for daily normalization of stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopic analysis of water with an isotope‐ratio mass spectrometer or a laser absorption spectrometer, of use especially for isotope‐hydrology laboratories analyzing freshwater samples from equatorial and tropical regions. Published in 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Definitive Hematopoiesis in the Yolk Sac Emerges from Wnt-Responsive Hemogenic Endothelium Independently of Circulation and Arterial Identity
Authors: Frame Jenna M. , Fegan Katherine H. , Conway Simon J. , McGrath Kathleen E. , Palis James 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAdult-repopulating hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) emerge in low numbers in the midgestation mouse embryo from a subset of arterial endothelium, through an endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition. HSC-producing arterial hemogenic endothelium relies on the establishment of embryonic blood flow and arterial identity, and requires β-catenin signaling. Specified prior to and during the formation of these initial HSCs are thousands of yolk sac-derived erythro-myeloid progenitors (EMPs). EMPs ensure embryonic survival prior to the establishment of a permanent hematopoietic system, and provide subsets of long-lived tissue macrophages. While an endothelial origin for these HSC-independent definitive progenitors is also accepted, the spatial location and temporal output of yolk sac hemogenic endothelium over developmental time remain undefined. We performed a spatiotemporal analysis of EMP emergence, and document the morphological steps of the endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition. Emergence of rounded EMPs from polygonal clusters of Kit+ cells initiates prior to the establishment of arborized arterial and venous vasculature in the yolk sac. Interestingly, Kit+ polygonal clusters are detected in both arterial and venous vessels after remodeling. To determine whether there are similar mechanisms regulating the specification of EMPs with other angiogenic signals regulating adult-repopulating HSCs, we investigated the role of embryonic blood flow and Wnt/β-catenin signaling during EMP emergence. In embryos lacking a functional circulation, rounded Kit+ EMPs still fully emerge from unremodeled yolk sac vasculature. In contrast, canonical Wnt signaling appears to be a common mechanism regulating hematopoietic emergence from hemogenic endothelium. These data illustrate the heterogeneity in hematopoietic output and spatiotemporal regulation of primary embryonic hemogenic endothelium.