bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular Genetics of Creutzfeldt–Jakob Disease and Gerstmann– Sträussler– Scheinker Disease
Authors: Gelpi Ellen , Colom‐Cadena Marti , Budka Herbert 
Published: June 2015

Abstract

Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD) and Gerstmann–Sträussler–Scheinker disease (GSS) are distinct clinicopathological phenotypes of human prion diseases or transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs). TSEs arise either spontaneously (sporadic disease forms such as sporadic CJD/sCJD or sporadic fatal insomnia/sFI), by genetic aberration (genetic CJD/gCJD, GSS, fatal familial insomnia/FFI) or acquired by contact with infectious prions from bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), causing variant CJD (vCJD), or – more or less historically – as iatrogenic CJD (iCJD) from invasive medical procedures such as dural or corneal transplantations, cadaveric pituitary hormone preparations or surgical instruments, or from blood and blood products with vCJD prions. Genetic forms constitute about 10–15% of human prion diseases and result from more than 30 mutations, insertions or rarely deletions in the prion protein (PrP) gene,
PRNP
. A polymorphism at
PRNP
codon 129 is an important susceptibility factor and relevant for phenotypic heterogeneity. Other genes have not convincingly been shown to be involved.

Key Concepts

Prion diseases are invariably lethal and transmissible neurological disorders that affect humans and animals.

In humans, they occur sporadically and can also be acquired or inherited.

The infectious agent is considered to be solely an abnormal conformer of the host‐encoded prion protein (PrP).

Genetic disease forms constitute about 10–15%, result from aberrations in the PrP gene,
PRNP
, and are inherited as autosomal dominant trait with variable penetrance.

There is a broad clinical and neuropathological phenotypic spectrum, which is modulated by molecular factors including
PRNP
polymorphisms and PrP strains.

Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD) and Gerstmann–Sträussler–Scheinker disease (GSS) are distinct clinicopathological phenotypes.

CJD occurs mostly sporadically (sCJD), more rarely by genetic aberration (gCJD), whereas GSS is always of genetic origin.

There is no effective treatment yet.
Psychodynamics of Arson
Authors: Beaman Jason 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Arson is a crime closely correlated with mental illness. There are different motives for Arson. These motives can be categorized broadly as psychological or nonpsychological, although there is considerable overlap. The psychological motives can be further separated based on the nature of the mental state of the individual at the time of the crime. This article outlines said motives and the overlap between Arson and mental illness.
Memory: Repressed
Authors: Bogart Daniel F. , Loftus Elizabeth F. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe topic of repressed memory is a controversial one that has been fiercely debated in the fields of psychology and psychiatry for decades. People define repression differently, but perhaps the most popular conceptualization is that it involves an automatic process by which traumatic events are banished from consciousness, and later they sometimes return to awareness. This article briefly reviews some of the history surrounding repression in popular culture and then presents scientific evidence bearing on the debate surrounding repressed memories.
Introduction to the Use of Linear Programming in Strategic Health Human Resource Planning
Authors: Lavieri Mariel S. , Regan Sandra , Puterman Martin L. , Ratner Pamela A. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis article provides an introduction to the use of linear programming in strategic health human resource planning. We focus on a multiperiod linear programming approach that compares all feasible human resource strategies to identify education, recruitment, and promotion plans that achieve a supply–demand balance at the least cost to the system. The approach applies to a wide range of healthcare provider groups contingent on data availability (potential sources include regulatory, educational, employer, government and administrative databases, and research publications). Its ease of use and strong mathematical foundation make this model ideal for “What‐if?” analysis and assessments of sensitivity of decisions to assumptions and data accuracy.
Manganese: Organometallic Chemistry
Authors: Pugh Thomas , Layfield Richard A. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
This article summarizes the highlights in organomanganese chemistry published in the period 2004–2012. During this time, there has been significant progress in the field of organomanganese chemistry. Notable achievements taken from the primary literature include the isolation of two‐coordinate organometallic systems, the utilization of alkali‐metal‐containing organomanganese super‐bases for the deprotonation of aromatic compounds, and the use of alkylborylene‐ and imidazole‐containing manganese complexes for the synthesis of carbene complexes.
CusC
Heavy Metal Efflux Channel of

E

scherichia Coli
Authors: Delmar Jared A , Su Chih‐Chia , Yu Edward W 
Published: June 2015

Abstract

Diverse antimicrobial resistance in Gram‐negative bacteria is often due to the expression of tripartite efflux complexes. These multiprotein machines span the cellular envelope and expel diverse toxic compounds directly from the cell. They are composed of an outer membrane channel, a periplasmic adaptor, and an inner membrane transporter. In
Escherichia coli
, the CusCBA efflux complex confers resistance to toxic Cu(I) and Ag(I). The CusC channel is the last step in the efflux pathway, forming a β‐barrel transmembrane pore and an α‐helical periplasmic tunnel. We discuss the crystal structures of
E. coli
CusC, as well as the homologous channel proteins
Campylobacter jejuni
CmeC and
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
MtrE. These structures suggest that the first N‐terminal cysteine residue is critical for the insertion and folding of outer membrane channel proteins into the bilayer. The opening and closing of these channel proteins may depend on interactions with their corresponding adaptor proteins. The assembly of the complete tripartite efflux complex is also discussed. On the basis of the current structural data, these protein complexes should operate in a stoichiometry of 3:6:3, channel:adaptor:transporter.
Mechanical Characterization of PM2000 Oxide‐Dispersion‐Strengthened Alloy by High Temperature Nanoindentation
Authors: Hangen Ude , Chen Chun‐Liang , Richter Asta 
Published: June 2015

AbstractNanoindentation measurements with a commercial Hysitron xSol 800 up to temperatures of 700 °C have been applied to study mechanical properties of PM2000 ODS steel. Beside the temperature dependence of hardness H and indentation modulus E, a careful analysis of time‐dependent features such as creep and stress exponent was performed. The H/E is dominated by a transition from small hardness variations at low temperatures to a strong hardness decrease starting at about 400 °C. The two different deformation regimes have been attributed to modifications in dislocation pinning at temperatures up to 400 °C and thermal activation over obstacles, when fine oxide nanoparticles of diameter 5–20 nm are present.
“Acute” silicosis at the 1930 Johannesburg Conference on silicosis and in its aftermath: Controversies over a distinct entity later recognized as silicoproteinosis
Authors: Blanc Paul D. 
Published: June 2015

BackgroundVery rapidly progressive “acute silicosis” was observed prior to the 1930 International Labour Office Conference on silicosis, but its clinical significance and pathologic relationship to classic silica caused pneumoconiosis were not settled.MethodsTextual analysis of the 1930 Conference proceedings identified data relevant to rapidly progressive silicosis. Standard bibliographic searches identified relevant biomedical literature dating from before and after the Conference.ResultsThe 1930 Johannesburg Conference contained descriptions of acute silicosis, especially in the abrasive powders industry, but acute silica‐related lung disease did not conform to a three‐stage disease model in which tuberculosis supra‐infection caused advanced disease, a model accepted at the Conference. Over following decades, additional reports appeared of rapidly progressive silicosis, unrelated to tuberculosis. Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis was identified only in 1958.ConclusionsAdoption by the 1930 Johannesburg Conference of a classification scheme into which acute rapidly progressive disease unrelated to tuberculosis fitted poorly may have impeded the understanding of acute silicosis and its importance. Am. J. Ind. Med. 58:S39–S47, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Thiourea‐Catalyzed Addition of Indoles to Aliphatic β,γ‐Unsaturated α‐Ketoesters
Authors: Juste‐Navarro Verónica , Marqués‐López Eugenia , Herrera Raquel P. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA thiourea‐catalyzed addition reaction with indoles to aliphatic β,γ‐unsaturated α‐ketoesters has been developed. The easily accessible thiourea aminoindanol derivative makes this approach an interesting alternative for the use of these aliphatic substrates, very scarcely employed in previously reported procedures, highlighting the complementarity of the strategy presented here. The final adducts, which are valuable intermediates for synthesizing the corresponding α‐amino acid or α‐hydroxy acid derivatives, are obtained in good yields and enantiomeric excess under mild reaction conditions.
Efficacy of cardiac magnetic resonance for the qualitative diagnosis of blunt cardiac injury
Authors: Kaneda Kazuhisa , Yamamura Hitoshi , Yamamoto Tomonori , Matsumoto Kenji , Ehara Shoichi , Mizobata Yasumitsu 
Published: June 2015

CaseA 47‐year‐old man was admitted after a car collision in shock with cardiac tamponade. After his circulation was stabilized by pericardial drainage, we treated him conservatively. Abnormal laboratory data and initial electrocardiogram (ECG) were suggestive of myocardial injury. However, echocardiography and cardiac computed tomography could not reveal the cause of the tamponade or the site of cardiac injury. ECG‐gated cardiac magnetic resonance images were acquired.OutcomeThe cardiac magnetic resonance black‐blood T2‐weighted images showed hyperintense signals in the interventricular septum, whereas the late gadolinium enhancement images showed no enhancement in this region. We could accurately diagnose cardiac contusion of the anteroseptal area, which would explain the initial ECG abnormality seen in this patient.ConclusionCardiac magnetic resonance imaging may be especially useful in the evaluation of non‐operative management of blunt cardiac injury and could explain the initial ECG abnormality seen in our patient.
Internal Probing of the Supramolecular Organization of Pyrene‐Based Organogelators
Authors: Lai Thanh‐Loan , Canevet David , Avarvari Narcis , Sallé Marc 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA thorough study of the unexpected spectroscopic behavior of two new luminescent pyrene‐urea‐based organogelators is rationalized as a function of their aggregation state and provides a key method to probe the supramolecular organization of the material.
Electrodeposition and Ageing of Mn‐Based Binary Composite Oxygen Reduction Reaction Electrocatalysts
Authors: Bozzini Benedetto , Bocchetta Patrizia , Gianoncelli Alessandra , Mele Claudio , Kiskinova Maya 
Published: June 2015

AbstractElectrodeposition and ageing under oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) of Mn‐X/PPy (X=Co, Mg, Ni; PPy=polypyrrole) and Mn‐Ag/G (G=graphene) composite electrocatalysts have been studied by quasi‐in‐situ soft X‐ray absorption and fluorescence microspectroscopy. The fabricated materials exhibit micro‐grained morphologies in which Mn is present mainly as Mn2+, accompanied by combinations of Co0/Co2+ and Ni0/Ni2+. Ageing leads to the formation of progressively larger mesoscopic aggregates. Initial ageing yields more active Mn3+ and Mn4+, in agreement with an improved ORR behaviour. Prolonged ageing causes the loss of Mn3+ and Mn4+ from the surface, in correlation with a degradation of the ORR response. In the investigated ageing period, Mn‐Mg/PPy exhibits the best durability, with about half of the catalyst grains still showing the presence of Mn3+/Mn4+, while the others consist mainly of Mn2+. In Mn‐Ni/PPy, the Ni2+ content tends to increase with ageing whereas Co3+ forms in the Mn‐Co/PPy composites.
Synthesis of 4,4′‐Diaminotriphenylmethanes with Potential Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator (SERM)‐like Activity
Authors: Guedes Gema , Amesty Ángel , Jiménez‐Monzón Roberto , Marrero‐Alonso Jorge , Díaz Mario , Fernández‐Pérez Leandro , Estévez‐Braun Ana 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn this study, a series of new 4,4′‐diaminotriphenylmethanes was efficiently synthesized from aromatic aldehydes and 2,5‐dimethoxybenzenamine under microwave irradiation in the presence of Sc(OTf)3 as a catalyst. Antiproliferative activity was assessed by using the MCF‐7 estrogen receptor (ER)‐positive breast cancer cell line, and antagonist/agonist transcriptional activities were determined. Docking studies and competition studies of triphenylmethanes and radiolabeled estradiol determined that these compounds do not bind the ER, indicating that triphenylmethane‐induced changes in proliferative and transcriptional activities differ from conventional mechanisms of action triggered by other selective ER modulators.
Power Flow Analysis and DC‐Capacitor Voltage Regulation for the MMCC‐DSCC
Authors: Fujita Hideaki , Hagiwara Makoto , Akagi Hirofumi 
Published: June 2015

SUMMARYThis paper discusses power flow analysis and DC capacitor voltage regulation of a modular multilevel cascaded converter (MMCC) based on double‐star chopper cells (DSCC). This analysis reveals the relationship between the circulating current through the DC link and the average power flowing out of or into each chopper cell. The DC component of the circulating current supplies half the active output power to the upper and lower strings of the chopper cells, while in contrast the fundamental frequency component transfers an amount of power between the upper and lower strings. Thus, the MDCC–DSCC can balance the capacitor voltages among the cells by controlling the amplitude of the fundamental frequency component of the circulating current. A new control method based on power flow analysis is employed, and its effectiveness is verified by circuit simulation.
Decoupled Bilateral Control Based on Modal Space Observer in Master‐Slave Systems with Different Masses
Authors: Yajima Shunsuke , Katsura Seiichiro 
Published: June 2015

SUMMARYThis paper proposes a method of decoupled bilateral control based on a modal space observer. In a conventional bilateral control system, the structures of master‐slave systems are not considered. This paper shows that a force controller and a position controller in a bilateral control system interfere with each other when the structures of the master‐slave systems are different. In order to solve this problem, a bilateral control system based on a hybrid matrix has been proposed. However, the computational process for calculating the hybrid matrix becomes complicated as the numbers of degrees of freedom in the master‐slave systems increase. In the proposed method, a nominal equivalent mass matrix with respect to the modal space is used, and the interfering terms are estimated and compensated using a modal space observer. Therefore, a simple control structure is realized using the proposed method. The performance of the proposed method is compared to that of the conventional methods through simulations and experiments, and the validity of the proposed method is confirmed.
Anti‐Sway Crane Control Considering Wind Disturbance and Container Mass
Authors: Sato Kentaro , Ohishi Kiyoshi , Miyazaki Toshimasa 
Published: June 2015

SUMMARYA method for estimating the sway angle using an observer has already been proposed. The state observer estimates the sway angle accurately and must use the detected sway angle value. However, the estimated sway angle has an error owing to rope length error, friction force, and wind. Moreover, the container mass cannot be determined, and therefore the observer parameter is not suitable. We already proposed robust antisway control for overcoming rope length error without adding a new sensor. Further, we designed a friction disturbance observer to cancel out the influence of the friction force. In this paper, we first propose a container mass estimation method when a crane system performs rolling up control. The observer parameter can be selected using the estimated mass value. Second, in crane parallel shift control, we propose a robust antisway control even when there is a wind disturbance. We design a wind disturbance observer and propose a wind disturbance estimator to separate the friction observer output from the wind disturbance observer output. We confirm through experiments that the proposed method can reduce vibration.
Power Flow Control of a Power Conversion Circuit for Contactless Power Transformer Systems with Coil Misalignment
Authors: Kitazawa Satoshi , Kondo Keiichiro , Kashiwagi Takayuki 
Published: June 2015

SUMMARYThe coupling coefficient between the coils of a noncontact power supply system is reduced by coil misalignment. This reduces the output voltage and the active power in the coils. To cope with these problems, an instantaneous current control method is applied to a single‐phase contactless power transformer system in order to apply the equivalent impedance of the PWM rectifier at the load side of the transformer. We propose a control method to supply power constantly to the load even when there is a misalignment in the receiving coils. The limit of the transferred power associated with the proposed control method is investigated. The proposed system, including the control method, is verified by experimental tests over a power range of several tens of watts.
NHC‐Stabilized Bis(trimethylsilyl)phosphido Complexes of PdII and NiII
Authors: Madadi Masoomeh , Khalili Najafabadi Bahareh , Fard Mahmood Azizpoor , Corrigan John F. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractHalidometal complexes bearing monodentate N‐heterocyclic carbenes [MX2(R2‐bimy)2] {bimy = benzimidazole‐2‐ylidene; R = iPr, M = Pd or Ni, X = I; R = nBu, M = Pd, X = I and R = nBu, M = Ni, X = Br (1)} react under mild conditions with Li[P(SiMe3)2], in a 1:1 ratio, to provide the halido(silylphosphido)metal complexes [PdI(iPr2‐bimy)2{P(SiMe3)2}] (2), [PdI(nBu2‐bimy)2{P(SiMe3)2}] (3), [NiI(iPr2‐bimy)2{P(SiMe3)2}] (4) and [NiBr(nBu2‐bimy)2{P(SiMe3)2}] (5). Cleavage of the P–Si bonds in 3 and 5 with benzoyl chloride leads to the formation of the new (dibenzoylphosphido)halidometal complexes [PdI(iPr2‐bimy)2P{C(O)Ph}2] (6) and [NiI(iPr2‐bimy)2{P(C(O)Ph)2}] (7), respectively. NMR spectroscopy, X‐ray crystallography and mass spectrometry are used to analyze these coordination complexes.
Lithium‐Filled Double‐Deck Layered Structure of the RELixCu2–yP2 (RE = La, Pr, Nd, Gd, Er; 0.82 ≤ x ≤ 1; 1.19 ≤ y ≤ 1.54) Series: Experimental and Theoretical Studies
Authors: Jang Eunyoung , Nam Gnu , Woo Hyein , Lee Junseong , Han Mi‐Kyung , Kim Sung‐Jin , You Tae‐Soo 
Published: June 2015

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Tae‐Soo You at the Chungbuk National University, Republic of Korea. The cover image shows how the spilled pieces of Li metal are serendipitously inserted into the space within the double‐deck anionic layers composed of Cu and P and eventually form the Li‐filled double‐deck layered structure that has been studied.
Non‐suicidal Self‐injury in Different Eating Disorder Types: Relevance of Personality Traits and Gender
Authors: Islam Mohammed A. , Steiger Howard , Jimenez‐Murcia Susana , Israel Mimi , Granero Roser , Agüera Zaida , Castro Rita , Sánchez Isabel , Riesco Nadine , Menchón José M. , Fernández‐Aranda Fernando 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe study explored lifetime prevalence of non‐suicidal self‐injury (NSSI) in female and male individuals with eating disorders (ED) and compared ED symptoms, general psychopathology and personality traits across individuals with and without a history of NSSI. The incremental discriminative capacity of gender on the manifestation of lifetime NSSI was also studied. A total sample of 1649 consecutively admitted ED patients (1515 women and 134 men) participated in the current study [339 ED + NSSI (ED with NSSI) and 1310 ED − NSSI (ED without NSSI)]. Specific self‐report measures were included and other clinical and psychopathological indices. The observed lifetime prevalence of NSSI was 20.6% (20.9% in women and 17.2% in men). NSSI was not associated with ED type or gender. However, ED + NSSI patients exhibited more impulsive behaviour, substance‐abuse disorders and additional impulse‐control disorders, were younger and had more previous treatments. Age was shown to affect the presentation of NSSI. Additionally, ED + NSSI patients exhibited more severe ED and general psychopathological symptoms and had more dysfunctional personality traits when compared with ED − NSSI. ED + NSSI was found to be positively associated with harm avoidance and self‐transcendence but negatively with reward dependence, self‐directedness and cooperativeness. Thus, the variables with stronger capacity to identify the presence of ED + NSSI were younger age, harm avoidance, self‐directedness and self‐transcendence. A lack of association between sex and ED subtype with the presence of NSSI was observed.
High moisture corn stover pelleting in a flat die pellet mill fitted with a 6 mm die: physical properties and specific energy consumption
Authors: Tumuluru Jaya Shankar 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe quality and specific energy consumption (SEC) of the biomass pellets produced depend upon pelleting process conditions. The present study includes understanding the effect of feedstock moisture in the range of 28–38% (wet basis [w.b.]) and preheating in the range of 30–110°C at two die speeds of 40 and 60 Hz on the physical properties and SEC. A flat die pellet mill fitted with a 6 mm die was used in the present study. The physical properties of pellets such as moisture content, unit, bulk and tapped density, durability, and expansion ratio and SEC of the pelleting process are measured. The results indicate that the pellets produced have durability values in the range of 87–98%, and unit bulk and tapped density in the range of 670–1100, 375–575, and 420–620 kg/m3. Increasing the feedstock moisture content from 33% to 38% (w.b) decreased the unit, bulk and tapped density by about 30–40%. Increasing feedstock moisture content increased the expansion ratio and decreased the density values. A higher feedstock moisture content of 38% (w.b.) and higher preheating temperature of 110°C resulted in lower density and a higher expansion ratio, which can be attributed to flash off of moisture as the material extrudes out of the die. The SEC was in the range of 75–275 kWh/ton. Higher feedstock moisture content of 38% (w.b.) and a lower die speed of 40 Hz increased the SEC, whereas lower to medium preheating temperature (30–70°C), medium feedstock moisture content of 33% (w.b.), and a higher die speed of 60 Hz minimized the SEC to <100 kWh/ton.
Chemical oxidization of some AFFFs leads to the formation of 6:2FTS and 8:2FTS
Authors: Fang Cheng , Megharaj Mallavarapu , Naidu Ravendra 
Published: June 2015

Abstract

The present study tested some aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) products for the presence of or the potential to form 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (6:2FTS) and 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecane sulfonic acid (8:2FTS). The results demonstrated the appearance of significant levels of 6:2FTS and 8:2FTS after the oxidization of those AFFFs. The authors concluded that fluorotelomer skeletons exist but are derived from those formulations of AFFFs. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:2625–2628. © 2015 SETAC