bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Child Sexual Abuse
Authors: Bernet William , Canter Jennifer , Reiman Beth 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe investigation of child sexual abuse typically involves child protection workers, law enforcement, medical personnel, and mental health professionals. Sexually abused children may manifest a variety of emotional, behavioral, and somatic symptoms. The evaluation process should include a history of the allegations, a forensic interview based on a standard protocol, and a forensic medical examination. The investigators should consider the reasons why children sometimes make false denials as well as false allegations of abuse.
Confessions: Evidentiary Reliability of
Authors: Kassin Saul 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
In law, confession is a potent form of evidence. Yet, throughout history and in countries all over the world, innocent people have confessed to crimes they did not commit. Some false confessions are “voluntary”; others are elicited through the psychological process of interrogation, often involving weak and vulnerable suspects. Research shows that confession evidence is powerfully persuasive to judges, juries, and others—leading them to presume guilt even when the confession was coerced. Important reforms to police interrogation practices have been proposed, most notably the requirement that all interrogations be video recorded in their entirety.
Rape Trauma Syndrome (RTS)
Authors: Patton Christina L. , McNally Matthew R. , Fremouw William J. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractRape trauma syndrome (RTS) is a cluster of common reactions experienced by victims of forcible rape or attempted forcible rape.RTSis often divided into two phases: an acute phase characterized by intense symptoms experienced in the days or weeks immediately following a rape and a long‐term reorganization phase of more moderate disturbances in general functioning that may last for years. The American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM‐5) does not defineRTSas a disorder. Therefore,PTSDis more commonly considered as a possible diagnosis after a rape. Expert testimony aboutRTSis much less likely than other syndromes (e.g., battered woman syndrome) to be admitted in court proceedings, and admissibility is often split on the proposed use for the testimony itself. In the overwhelming majority of instances ofRTSuse in criminal trials, it has been used by the prosecution to explain inconsistent or contradictory statements or actions completed by the victim, though it may also be used to educate a jury about incorrect assumptions about the causes and consequences of rape, testify that the victim's psychological reactions are consistent with having been raped, or support a claim of damages.
DNA: Degraded Samples
Authors: Gilder Jason R. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractDegradation and inhibition are phenomena that are frequently associated with evidence samples in forensic casework. Short tandem repeat (STR)DNAtyping is able to obtain results from tiny amounts of starting material. However, environmental effects such asUVsunlight, moisture, and bacteria can break down theDNAin a sample. Impurities in a sample can lead to the inhibition of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification ofDNA. When aDNAsample is degraded or inhibited, the signal associated with some of the typing loci (typically beginning with loci corresponding to larger fragments ofDNA) is reduced and can result in an only partial genotyping of samples. Newer technologies have been introduced to deal with the issue of degradation by examining smallerDNAfragment sizes.
Factors that discriminate age at menopause: A study of Bengali Hindu women of West Bengal
Authors: Dasgupta Doyel , Pal Baidyanath , Ray Subha 
Published: March 2015

ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the factors that discriminate different menopausal age groups.MethodsWe selected 715 postmenopausal Bengali‐speaking Hindu women from the State of West Bengal, India, who were married and had at least one child. We divided the participants into three groups based on the age at which they attained menopause: Group 1 (30–39 years), Group 2 (40–49 years), and Group 3 (50–55 years). A well‐tested questionnaire was used to collect information on reproductive variables.ResultsWe applied discriminant function analysis to identify the factors associated with different ages at menopause. Results show that factors like age at menarche, duration of breastfeeding of the last child, and age at first pregnancy discriminate the different menopausal age groups.ConclusionWe concluded that reproductive factors discriminate the three different menopausal age groups for this study population. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 27:710–715, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Asymmetric polysulfone gas separation membranes treated by low pressure DC glow discharge plasmas
Authors: Yuenyao Chalad , Tirawanichakul Yutthana , Chittrakarn Thawat 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTAsymmetric polysulfone (PSF) gas separation membranes were prepared at different conditions such as non‐solvent concentration, evaporation time (ET) and coagulation bath temperature (CBT). In addition, effects of low‐pressure DC glow discharge plasma on the characteristics of PSF membranes were investigated. PSF membranes both before and after plasma treatment were characterized by several techniques, including contact angle measurement, scanning electron microscope (SEM), dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Furthermore, the performance of membranes was evaluated in terms of permeability of CO2, CH4, O2, and N2 gases. The ideal selectivity of CO2/CH4 and O2/N2 and surface free energy was calculated. Results showed that the EtOH concentration, ET and CBT affect the morphology of PSF membranes. For membranes prepared from a casting solution consisting of PSF 26.0, NMP 28.0, THF 28.0, and EtOH 18.0 wt % and ET for 3 min, the maximum selectivity of untreated membrane is about 69.76 and 12.59 for CO2/CH4 and O2/N2, respectively. After plasma treatment, the ideal selectivity is receded; however, the CO2/CH4 is still higher than 40.41 at pressure of 5 bars. Finally, preparation conditions and DC glow discharge plasmas have significant effects on the characteristics of the PSF membranes and result in an increase of the gas permeation. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42116.
Effect of sorbitol and glycerol on the stability of trypsin and difference between their stabilization effects in the various solvents
Authors: Pazhang Mohammad , Mehrnejad Faramarz , Pazhang Yaghub , Falahati Hanieh , Chaparzadeh Nader 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe effect of glycerol and sorbitol on the stability of porcine pancreas trypsin was investigated in this work. Molecular dynamics simulation and thermostability results showed that trypsin has two flexible regions, and polyols (sorbitol and glycerol) stabilize the enzyme by decreasing the flexibility of these regions. Radial distribution function results exhibited that sorbitol and glycerol were excluded from the first water layer of the enzyme, therefore decrease the flexibility of the regions by preferential exclusion. Also, results showed that the stabilization effect of sorbitol is more than glycerol. This observation could be because of the larger decrease in the fluctuations of trypsin in the presence of sorbitol. We also examined the role of solvent's hydrophobicity in enzyme stabilization by sorbitol and glycerol. To do so, the thermostability of trypsin was evaluated in the presence of solvents with different hydrophobicity (methanol, ethanol, isopropanol and n‐propanol) in addition to the polyols. Our results depicted that glycerol is a better stabilizer than sorbitol in the presence of hydrophobic solvents (n‐propanol), whereas sorbitol is a better stabilizer than glycerol in the presence of hydrophilic solvents (methanol).
Multiplexed DNA detection using a gold nanorod‐based fluorescence resonance energy transfer technique
Authors: Wu Qiang , He Yanlong , Tian Jianniao , Zhang Juanni , Hu Kun , Zhao Yanchun , Zhao Shulin 
Published: March 2015

AbstractA fluorescence resonance energy transfer method for multiplex detection DNA based on gold nanorods had been successfully constructed. This method is simple, easy to operate, good selectivity, no requirement to label the probe molecule and can analyze simultaneously multiple targets of DNA in one sample. The limit of detection for the 18‐mer, 27‐mer and 30‐mer targets is 0.72, 1.0 and 0.43 nM at a signal‐to‐noise ratio of 3. The recoveries of three targets were 96.57–98.07%, 99.12–100.04% and 97.29–99.93%, respectively. The results show that the method can be used to analyze a clinical sample or a biological sample; it also can be used to develop new probes for rapid, sensitive and highly selective multiplex detection of analytes in real samples. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of heparin and bivalirudin in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention without use of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors
Authors: Abtahian Farhad , Waldo Stephen , Jang Ik‐Kyung 
Published: March 2015

ObjectivesThe primary objective of this study is the compare the association between bleeding and the use unfractionated heparin (UFH) versus bivalirudin during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).BackgroundIn patients undergoing PCI, the risk of bleeding with use of bivalirudin compared with UFH in the absence of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors is not well defined.Methods: Patients undergoing PCI with either UFH or bivalirudin monotherapy at a single institution between 2007 and 2014 were included (n = 6,143). Propensity score matching was used to adjust for baseline characteristics yielding 2,984 well matched patients (1,492 in each group). The primary endpoint was major non‐coronary artery bypass graft (non‐CABG) related bleeding as defined by a Bleeding Academic Consortium type 3 or 5. Secondary outcomes included combined major and minor bleeding, in‐hospital death, periprocedural myocardial infarction, and recurrent ischemia requiring urgent revascularization (repeat PCI).ResultsIn the propensity matched cohort, there was no difference in major bleeding between UFH and bivalirudin monotherapy (1.8% versus 2.4%, P = 0.305). Combined major and minor bleeding was also similar between the two groups (4.3% versus 4.3%, P = 1.0). Likewise, no differences were observed between the bivalirudin and UFH groups in terms of in‐hospital death (0.4% versus 0.5%, P = 0.592), periprocedural myocardial infarction (1.5% versus 2.0%, P = 0.332) and repeat PCI (0.7% versus 0.8%, P = 0.669).ConclusionAmong patients undergoing PCI, there was no significant difference in rate of bleeding between bivalirudin and heparin monotherapy in a real‐world setting. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Novel X‐ray imaging technology enables significant patient dose reduction in interventional cardiology while maintaining diagnostic image quality
Authors: Eloot Liesbeth , Thierens Hubert , Taeymans Yves , Drieghe Benny , De Pooter Jan , Van Peteghem Sylvie , Buytaert Dimitri , Gijs Thomas , Lapere Régine , Bacher Klaus 
Published: March 2015

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to quantify the reduction in patient radiation dose during coronary angiography (CA) by a new X‐ray technology, and to assess its impact on diagnostic image quality.BackgroundRecently, a novel X‐ray imaging technology has become available for interventional cardiology, using advanced image processing and an optimized acquisition chain for radiation dose reduction.Methods70 adult patients were randomly assigned to a reference X‐ray system or the novel X‐ray system. Patient demographics were registered and exposure parameters were recorded for each radiation event. Clinical image quality was assessed for both patient groups.ResultsWith the same angiographic technique and a comparable patient population, the new imaging technology was associated with a 75% reduction in total kerma‐area product (KAP) value (decrease from 47 Gycm2 to 12 Gycm2, P < 0.001). Clinical image quality showed an equivalent detail and contrast for both imaging systems. On the other hand, the subjective appreciation of noise was more apparent in images of the new image processing system, acquired at lower doses, compared to the reference system. However, the higher noise content did not affect the overall image quality score, which was adequate for diagnosis in both systems.ConclusionsFor the first time, we present a new X‐ray imaging technology, combining advanced noise reduction algorithms and an optimized acquisition chain, which reduces patient radiation dose in CA drastically (75%), while maintaining diagnostic image quality. Use of this technology may further improve the radiation safety of cardiac angiography and interventions. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Electrospun Single‐Phase Na1.2V3O8 Materials with Tunable Morphologies as Cathodes for Rechargeable Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Ko Yah Wen , Teh Pei Fen , Pramana Stevin Snellius , Wong Chui Ling , Su Tanto , Li Linlin , Madhavi Srinivasan 
Published: March 2015

AbstractSingle‐phase Na1.2V3O8 materials with single and hierarchical nanobelt morphologies were prepared by using a versatile electrospinning technique by altering the sintering profiles. On the basis of characterization by field‐emission scanning electron microscopy and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy, the formation mechanisms of products with tunable morphologies are discussed. The products obtained are employed as cathode materials for lithium‐ion batteries. Their electrochemical activities are demonstrated through galvanostatic cycling and cyclic voltammetry. The non‐agglomerated, single nanobelts with exposed (100) facets, which serve as channels for facile lithium diffusion, are capable of exhibiting higher maximum capacities of approximately 218 mAh g−1 compared to hierarchical nanobelts with a maximum capacity of approximately 197 mAh g−1 versus Li/Li+ at a current density of 200 mA g−1. Their associated reversible capacities are approximately 207 and 173 mAh g−1, respectively, after 100 cycles. Single nanobelts with individual belt‐like structures and preferred facet orientation also exhibit better rate capabilities.
A 12‐gene signature to distinguish colon cancer patients with better clinical outcome following treatment with 5‐fluorouracil or FOLFIRI
Authors: Paquet Eric R. , Cui Jing , Davidson David , Pietrosemoli Natalia , Hassan Houssein Hajj , Tsofack Serges P. , Maltais Annie , Hallett Michael T. , Delorenzi Mauro , Batist Gerald , Aloyz Raquel , Lebel Michel 
Published: March 2015

AbstractCurrently, there is no marker in use in the clinical management of colon cancer to predict which patients will respond efficiently to 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU), a common component of all cytotoxic therapies. Our aim was to develop and validate a multigene signature associated with clinical outcome from 5‐FU therapy and to determine if it could be used to identify patients who might respond better to alternate treatments. Using a panel of 5‐FU resistant and sensitive colon cancer cell lines, we identified 103 differentially expressed genes providing us with a 5‐FU response signature. We refined this signature using a clinically relevant DNA microarray‐based dataset of 359 formalin‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) colon cancer samples. We then validated the final signature in an external independent DNA microarray‐based dataset of 316 stage III FFPE samples from the PETACC‐3 (Pan‐European Trails in Alimentary Tract Cancers) clinical trial. Finally, using a drug sensitivity database of 658 cell lines, we generated a list of drugs that could sensitize 5‐FU resistant patients using our signature. We confirmed using the PETACC‐3 dataset that the overall survival of subjects responding well to 5‐FU did not improve with the addition of irinotecan (FOLFIRI; two‐sided log‐rank test p = 0.795). Conversely, patients who responded poorly to 5‐FU based on our 12‐gene signature were associated with better survival on FOLFIRI therapy (one‐sided log‐rank test p = 0.039). This new multigene signature is readily applicable to FFPE samples and provides a new tool to help manage treatment in stage III colon cancer. It also provides the first evidence that a subgroup of colon cancer patients can respond better to FOLFIRI than 5‐FU treatment alone.
In‐depth molecular profiling of the biphasic components of uterine carcinosarcomas
Authors: McConechy Melissa K , Hoang Lien N , Chui Michael Herman , Senz Janine , Yang Winnie , Rozenberg Nirit , Mackenzie Robertson , McAlpine Jessica N , Huntsman David G , Clarke Blaise A , Gilks Cyril Blake , Lee Cheng‐Han 
Published: March 2015

AbstractUterine carcinosarcoma is a clinically aggressive malignancy composed of a mix of carcinomatous and sarcomatous elements. We performed targeted next‐generation sequencing of 27 uterine cancer and sarcoma genes together with immunohistochemical analyses of selected proteins in 30 uterine carcinosarcomas. This included 13 cases in which the distinct carcinoma and sarcoma components were sequenced separately and 10 cases where the metastatic tumours were analysed in addition to the primary tumours. We identified non‐synonymous somatic mutations in 90% of the cases, with 27 of 30 cases (90%) harbouring TP53 alterations. The PI3K pathway was the most commonly mutated signalling pathway with mutations identified in PIK3CA, PTEN, PIK3R1, and/or PIK3R2 in two‐thirds of the cases. Mutations in FBXW7, PPP2R1A, ARID1A and KRAS were demonstrated in a minority of cases. In cases where the carcinomatous and sarcomatous components were separately analysed, most of the mutations identified were present in both components, indicating a common origin for the two components. Furthermore, the same TP53 alterations and/or PI3K pathway mutations seen in the primary tumours were also identified in the metastatic sites. Overall, carcinosarcomas exhibited heterogeneous molecular features that resemble the heterogeneity seen in endometrial carcinomas, with some showing endometrioid carcinoma‐like and others showing serous carcinoma‐like mutation profiles. While patients with serous‐like tumours presented more frequently with advanced‐stage disease compared to patients with endometrioid‐like tumours, there was no statistical difference in outcome between the two groups. Our results provide insights into the oncogenesis of uterine carcinosarcoma and identify targetable mutations that represent early oncogenic events. The findings of the different molecular types of uterine carcinosarcoma that parallel the different molecular types in endometrial carcinoma may have future treatment implications with targeted therapies.
Analysis of the lateral geniculate nucleus in dichromatic and trichromatic marmosets
Authors: FitzGibbon Thomas , Eriköz Bahar , Grünert Ulrike , Martin Paul R. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTMarmosets are diurnal New World monkeys that show sex‐linked cone photopigment polymorphism, whereby all males and some females are dichromats ("red‐green colorblind"), but most females show trichromatic color vision. Here we asked whether trichromats express chromatic‐specific circuitry in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). The volume of parvocellular (P), magnocellular (M), and koniocellular (K) layers was calculated in Nissl‐stained sections from the LGN of adult marmosets (Callithrix jacchus; 10 trichromatic females; 2 dichromatic females; and 13 dichromatic males). Retinal ganglion cell axon terminals within the P and K layers were reconstructed and measured following anterograde tracer (dextran) injections. We show that there is little difference in LGN layer volume with respect to age, weight, or sex of the animals, or between dichromatic and trichromatic phenotypes. The morphology of retinal ganglion cell terminals was largely indistinguishable on comparing dichromats and trichromats, and likewise on comparing terminals representing peripheral or foveal retina. We conclude that the LGN circuits we studied are largely independent of red‐green color vision phenotype and visual field location. J. Comp. Neurol. 523:1948–1966, 2015 © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A 1D pulse wave propagation model of the hemodynamics of calf muscle pump function
Authors: Keijsers J. M. T. , Leguy C. A. D. , Huberts W. , Narracott A. J. , Rittweger J. , van de Vosse F. N. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryThe calf muscle pump is a mechanism which increases venous return and thereby compensates for the fluid shift towards the lower body during standing. During a muscle contraction, the embedded deep veins collapse and venous return increases. In the subsequent relaxation phase, muscle perfusion increases due to increased perfusion pressure, as the proximal venous valves temporarily reduce the distal venous pressure (shielding). The superficial and deep veins are connected via perforators, which contain valves allowing flow in the superficial‐to‐deep direction. The aim of this study is to investigate and quantify the physiological mechanisms of the calf muscle pump, including the effect of venous valves, hydrostatic pressure, and the superficial venous system. Using a one‐dimensional pulse wave propagation model, a muscle contraction is simulated by increasing the extravascular pressure in the deep venous segments. The hemodynamics are studied in three different configurations: a single artery–vein configuration with and without valves and a more detailed configuration including a superficial vein. Proximal venous valves increase effective venous return by 53% by preventing reflux. Furthermore, the proximal valves shielding function increases perfusion following contraction. Finally, the superficial system aids in maintaining the perfusion during the contraction phase and reduces the refilling time by 37%. © 2015 The Authors. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Ontology building and maintenance in collaborative virtual environments
Authors: Missikoff Michele , Smith Fabrizio , Taglino Francesco 
Published: March 2015

SummaryThe role of ontologies in the enterprise world is constantly increasing, and they are proving even more necessary in distributed production realities, like in extended logistics, industrial districts, or virtual enterprises. In such realities, a common conceptual basis is necessary to compensate the fragmentation inherent in the underlying industrial models. This paper presents an end‐to‐end framework based on an open, collaborative approach for developing and maintaining business domain ontologies. The framework has been achieved within the European Project BIVEE and has been experimented in two industrial realities: the high‐tech sector of robotics and the more traditional one of furniture. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A discontinuous Galerkin‐based sharp‐interface method to simulate three‐dimensional compressible two‐phase flow
Authors: Fechter S. , Munz C.‐D. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryA numerical method for the simulation of compressible two‐phase flows is presented in this paper. The sharp‐interface approach consists of several components: a discontinuous Galerkin solver for compressible fluid flow, a level‐set tracking algorithm to follow the movement of the interface and a coupling of both by a ghost‐fluid approach with use of a local Riemann solver at the interface. There are several novel techniques used: the discontinuous Galerkin scheme allows locally a subcell resolution to enhance the interface resolution and an interior finite volume Total Variation Diminishing (TVD) approximation at the interface. The level‐set equation is solved by the same discontinuous Galerkin scheme. To obtain a very good approximation of the interface curvature, the accuracy of the level‐set field is improved and smoothed by an additional PNPM‐reconstruction. The capabilities of the method for the simulation of compressible two‐phase flow are demonstrated for a droplet at equilibrium, an oscillating ellipsoidal droplet, and a shock‐droplet interaction problem at Mach 3. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.