bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Matthew: Effect or Fable?
Authors: Azoulay Pierre , Stuart Toby , Wang Yanbo 
Published: August 2013

In a market context, a status effect occurs when actors are accorded differential recognition for their efforts depending on their location in a status ordering, holding constant the quality of these efforts. In practice, because it is very difficult to measure quality, this ceteris paribus proviso often precludes convincing empirical assessments of the magnitude of status effects. We address this problem by examining the impact of a major status-conferring prize that shifts actors' positions in a prestige ordering. Specifically, using a precisely constructed matched sample, we estimate the effect of a scientist becoming a Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) Investigator on citations to articles the scientist published before the prize was awarded. We do find evidence of a postappointment citation boost, but the effect is small and limited to a short window of time. Consistent with theories of status, however, the effect of the prize is significantly larger when there is uncertainty about article quality, and when prize winners are of (relatively) low status at the time of election to the HHMI Investigator Program. This paper was accepted by David Hsu, entrepreneurship and innovation.
Forward-Looking Market Risk Premium
Authors: Duan Jin-Chuan , Zhang Weiqi 
Published: August 2013

A method for computing forward-looking market risk premium is developed in this paper. We first derive a theoretical expression that links forward-looking risk premium to investors' risk aversion and forward-looking volatility, skewness, and kurtosis of cumulative return. In addition, investors' risk aversion is theoretically linked to volatility spread, defined as the gap between the risk-neutral volatility deduced from option data and the physical return volatility exhibited by return data. The volatility spread formula serves as the basis for using the generalized method of moments to estimate investors' risk aversion. We adopt the generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity model for the physical return process and estimate the model using the S&P 500 daily index returns and then deduce the forward-looking variance, skewness, and kurtosis of the corresponding cumulative return. The forward-looking risk premiums are estimated monthly over the sample period of 2001–2010, and all are found to be positive. Furthermore, two asset pricing tests are conducted. First, change in forward-looking risk premiums is negatively related to the S&P 500 holding period return, reflecting that an increase in discount rate reduces current stock prices. Second, market illiquidity positively affects forward-looking risk premium, indicating that forward-looking risk premium contains an illiquidity risk premium component. Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2013.1758 This paper was accepted by Wei Jiang, finance.
Broken Circle &/ Spiral Hill?: Smithson’s spirals, pataphysics, syzygy and survival
Authors: Shanken Edward A. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
The copious literature on the work of artist Robert Smithson has made very little of the many parallels between the inventor of earthworks and the nineteenth-century author of pataphysics, despite the established fact that the artist read and made notes from Alfred Jarry’s Dr. Faustroll (1898) while working on the Spiral Jetty in 1970, which undoubtedly influenced the subsequent Broken Circle &/ Spiral Hill (1971, Emmen). Given the insightful literature reassessing Jarry’s influence on twentieth-century artists including Marcel Duchamp, John Cage and Rodney Graham, a consideration of Smithson’s spiral earthworks in connection with Jarry is long overdue. In contrast to prevailing art research practices today, Smithson’s work is much more aligned with the pataphysical pursuit of ‘imaginary solutions’ that examine ‘the laws governing exceptions’ and describe ‘a universe which can be – and perhaps should be – envisaged in place of the traditional one’. Art historian Jack Burnham’s interprets Smithson’s earthworks as a ‘time-bound web of man-nature interactions … didactic exercises … [that] show a desperate need for environmental sensibility’. In this respect, the work of both Jarry and Smithson can provide a useful corrective to an overly rationalistic approach to art research, offering the field – and contemporary art in general – potentially valuable tools for forms of practice that challenge rather than adopt conventional academic models and epistemological constructs.
Intertextuality of retrieval database artworks
Authors: Hsu Wun-Ting , Lai Wen-Shu 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Retrieval database artwork, unlike other artwork, does not present fixed, preset and stable contents; it is formed as external data are retrieved from different sociocultural contexts and combined into the artworks’ content. This article aims to address the intertextual relationships between retrieval database artworks and the mass-produced texts from which the database artworks retrieve their data. After briefly discussing the difference between retrieval database artwork and participatory database artwork, and exploring the main concept of intertextuality, we address why intertextuality is essential and beneficial in understanding retrieval database artworks. Two selected works are used to demonstrate that, as the artwork is executed, the meanings and relationships of retrieval database artwork are ever-changing, and the authorship is constantly shifting due to the viewer’s participation. Shifting authorship in retrieval database artwork is caused by the daily mass cultural production of original text, which might or might not be retrieved by the database to be incorporated into the artwork. We conclude that retrieval database artworks cannot separate themselves from mass data. The dynamic intertextual relationships between the work and its ongoing retrieval of content from other cultural productions, as well as the viewers’ contributions to the work, simultaneously shape and reshape the work and its authorship.
The Neural String Network
Authors: Sermon Paul 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
An interactive collaborative drawing ‘machine’ designed on the concept of a neural network, allowing participants to experience a shared creative process, using the principles of open-source and social networked communication through an analogue string system. The underlying concept of the String Neural Network is to introduce participants to the idea of collaborative-shared drawing practice, as a dispersed collective that alludes to Roland Barthes The Death of the Author (1967) whereby each participant plays an equal role as both viewer and artist. Played out like a surrealist Exquisite Corpse game of consequences or as a piece of Haiku poetry, the drawing participants contribute marks, signs and signifiers to an open-content drawing, akin to the development of open-source software. The string network consists of five drawing table ‘nodes’ within a room/studio space measuring eight by eight metres square. Each node is linked to the other four via pulleys and washing lines, making it possible to peg a sheet of A4 paper to a line and winch it across to any one of the other nodes. The network system uses ten string connections between the five drawing tables, creating a pentagram within a pentagon neural network design. Representing the interconnected synapses and neurons of the brain, the role of each participant is that of cause and effect. A single instruction initiates a series of consequences that unfold in drawings, marks and patterns that are created whilst being hoisted simultaneously across the room in quick succession. The Neural String Network project was first set up in March 2012 to coincide with ‘DecodeRecode’, a telematic art project undertaken by students at MediaCityUK Salford University, as part of the centenary celebration of Alan Turing. Each participating student was given a single word drawn from the Turing theme, such as machine, brain, code and apple that were interpreted and communicated as a drawing by a collective consciousness.
Contribution of distinct platelet integrins to binding, unfolding, and assembly of fibronectin
Authors: Huynh Khon C. , Stoldt Volker R. , Scharf Rudiger E. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Fibronectin (FN) fibrillogenesis depends on the binding of FN to cellular receptors and subsequent unfolding of bound FN. Integrins αIIbβ3, αvβ3, and α5β1 are known to assemble FN fibrils on platelets. In our study, we examined the contribution of these integrins to FN binding, unfolding, and assembly on platelets in suspension and adherent platelets in the presence or absence of agonists. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), but not adenosine diphosphate (ADP), induced binding of FN to platelets in suspension. In contrast, adherent platelets were able to deposit FN on their surfaces in the absence of agonists. β3 integrins had a major impact on the interaction of FN on platelets. αvβ3 showed a similar contribution to the binding of FN as αIIbβ3 on PMA-stimulated platelets in suspension but had a lesser contribution to unfolding and deposition of FN on adherent platelets. α5β1 also participated in the interaction of FN with platelets by mediating the unfolding and assembly of FN, but to a lesser extent than β3 integrins. None of the distinct antibodies directed against one of the three integrins caused a complete inhibition of binding, unfolding, and assembly of FN by platelets. Thus, it is likely that αIIbβ3, αvβ3, and α5β1 or another still unknown receptor can be substituted.
Effect of Reductants on Valuable Metals Separation and Recovery from Copper Cliff Converter Slag
Authors: Mitrašinović Aleksandar M. , Wolf Anton 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe aim of the project is to investigate new material as a reductant in nickel extraction and purification processes. The analyzed reductants were coke, pig iron, ferrosilicon and two copper-silicon alloys. The mixture with the slag and reductant was poured into a cylindrical alumina crucible and kept in a furnace for one hour at 1573 K (1300 °C). After settling, the solidified sample consisted of the matte settled at the bottom of the sample separated from the slag at the top. Ferrosilicon was found to be the most effective reductant for cobalt recovery while 70wt%Cu-30wt%Si alloy facilitated 72% copper and 87% nickel recovery. The highest copper recovery is achieved with 90wt%Cu-10wt%Si reductant. Due to low melting point, high exothermicity and suitable density, Cu-Si alloys could be an ideal choice for the pyrometallurgical converting processes.
Factors Influencing the Field Germination of Forage Kochia
Authors: Creech Cody F. , Waldron Blair L. , Ransom Corey V. , ZoBell Dale R. , Creech J. Earl 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTForage kochia (Bassia prostrata) is a drought and salt tolerant perennial, semi‐shrub that has proven to be valuable forage in the western United States, but can be difficult to reliably establish. This study evaluated the effects that forage kochia entry (accession and seed lot combinations) and planting date have on forage kochia seed germination in the field. Evaluated were recently harvested and cold‐stored, year‐old seed from one accession each of Bassia prostrata subspecies virescens and grisea. Planting was simulated by placing seed packets at ground level, at two Utah locations, once each month mid‐January through mid‐April. Subsequently, seed packets were retrieved every 15 d until 75 d after planting (DAP) to determine the amount of seed that had germinated. Forage kochia germination was affected (P < 0.05) by the accession and seed lot combination and planting date. At 45 DAP, when germination was at or near maximum, recently harvested seed of subspecies grisea had field germination of 84, 96, 80, and 28% compared with virescens germination of 59, 55, 27, and 14% for planting dates in January, February, March, and April, respectively. Year‐old seed of both subspecies had much lower field germination of 13, 14, 10, and 7% for grisea and 6, 9, 0, and 0% for virescens during the same planting dates of January through April. These results confirm that seeding in January or February using recently harvested seed of subspecies grisea promotes forage kochia germination and increases the likelihood of successful stand establishment.
Genetic Variation in Salt Tolerance during Seed Germination in a Backcross Inbred Line Population and Advanced Breeding Lines Derived from Upland Cotton × Pima Cotton
Authors: Tiwari Rashmi Sharma , Picchioni Geno A. , Steiner Robert L. , Hughs Sidney E. , Jones Don C. , Zhang Jinfa 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTSeed germination is a crucial phase of the plant life cycle that affects its establishment and productivity. However, information on salt tolerance at this phase is limited. Pima cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.) may be more salt tolerant during germination than Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) based on its evolutionary and breeding history. The objective of this study was to evaluate germination salt tolerance of introgressed lines derived from hybrids between the two species under standard controlled conditions. A backcross inbred line (BIL) population of 146 lines from a cross between Upland cotton ‘Sure‐Grow’ (SG) 747 and ‘Pima S‐7’ (Test 1) and 120 advanced breeding lines from ‘Acala 1517‐99’ × Pima Phy 76 (Test 2) were evaluated for germination under 200 mM NaCl and nonsalt (control) conditions. Based on reduction in seed germination under NaCl conditions, G. barbadense parents were significantly more tolerant than the Upland parents. There were significant effects of genotype, treatment, and genotype × treatment interaction in both tests. The heritability for seed germination was moderate, ranging from 0.39 to 0.43 with at least two genes estimated. The genetic result is corroborated by the identification of many salt tolerant BILs and advanced breeding lines. This study has provided one of the first lines of evidence that the introduction of salt tolerance at seed germination from Pima into Upland cotton may be attainable.
Parent–Progeny Relationships between Maize Inbreds and Hybrids: Analysis of Grain Yield and Its Determinants for Contrasting Soil Nitrogen Conditions
Authors: D'Andrea K. E. , Otegui M. E. , Cirilo A. G. , Eyhérabide G. H. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTMost research in maize (Zea mays L.) parent–progeny relationships has focused on heterosis for plant grain yield (PGY) determination, whereas nonheterotic effects for traits other than PGY has remained less explored. Our objectives were to analyze (i) frequency distribution and phenotypic plasticity for 29 eco‐physiological traits in different genotypic groups (6 inbreds and 12 hybrids) and environments, (ii) parent–progeny relationships for these traits as well as variations in these relationships caused by contrasting growing conditions, and (iii) direct and indirect effects of traits measured in inbreds on hybrid PGY determination. Genotypes were cropped in the field at two contrasting N levels during three growing seasons. Range in phenotypic plasticity was (i) similar for inbreds and hybrids, (ii) largest for traits such as PGY and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), and (iii) smallest for traits such as time to flowering and kernel weight. Inbred phenotype was usually (26 traits) a good predictor of hybrid phenotype, but analysis of standardized data demonstrated that (i) for nine traits (e.g., PGY, kernel numbers) this relationship was exclusively driven by environmental effects, and (ii) for the other traits there was a true genetic control. A high correlation (r > 0.26; P ≤ 0.024) was established between hybrids PGY and 12 traits measured in inbreds, among which we distinguished NUE and ear growth rate for their high direct effect and participation in the indirect effect of other traits.
Audit Quality Indicators: Audit Practice Meets Audit Research
Authors: Martin Roger D. 
Published: August 2013

SUMMARY
Regulators, audit firms, and academic researchers are exploring issues related to Audit Quality Indicators (AQIs), including how to optimize their use and how to anticipate the consequences of measuring, reporting, and monitoring AQIs on a routine basis. This article describes the main topics addressed by a panel discussion and participant breakout group discussions at a 2012 symposium hosted by the Center for Audit Quality. Topics include how AQIs could be useful to audit stakeholders, what we know from practice about the current state of AQIs, and how academic research might inform the development and use of AQIs by stakeholders.
Independent Audits of Conflict Minerals Reports
Authors: Herda David N. , Snyder Herbert W. 
Published: August 2013

SUMMARY
There has been an increasing international focus on “conflict minerals,” which are sourced from mines in Central Africa and believed to benefit armed groups that engage in serious human rights abuses. In August 2012, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC 2012) issued a final rule (Release No. 34-67716) related to implementing new disclosures required by the Dodd-Frank Act that are aimed at dissuading publicly-traded companies from engaging in trade that supports conflict minerals. Beginning in 2014, many publicly traded companies will be required to issue Conflict Minerals Reports, and have the reports independently assured. For the first time, there is an SEC audit requirement for corporate social responsibility information. Significant uncertainty surrounds the nature of the requisite audit procedures and the form and content of the audit reports themselves. For example, issuers have the option of engaging auditors for either an attestation engagement or a performance audit. We summarize the SEC's final rule, with particular focus on the audit requirement, and discuss some challenges that audit firms face.
Characterization of the stem anatomy of the Eocene fern Dennstaedtiopsis aerenchymata (Dennstaedtiaceae) by use of confocal laser scanning microscopy
Authors: Shi Chris S. , Schopf J. William , Kudryavtsev Anatoliy B. 
Published: August 2013

• Premise of the study: Permineralization provides the most faithful known mode of three‐dimensional preservation of the morphology and cellular anatomy of fossil plants. Standard optical microscopic documentation of such structures can provide only an approximation of their true three‐dimensional form and is incapable of revealing fine‐structural (<300 nm) details, deficiencies that can be addressed by the use of confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM).• Methods: To demonstrate the usefulness of CLSM in such studies, we compare confocal laser scanning micrographs and optical photomicrographs of the permineralized tissues of rhizomes and petioles of the Eocene fern Dennstaedtiopsis aerenchymata preserved in cherts of the Clarno Formation of Oregon, USA, and the Allenby Formation (Princeton chert) of British Columbia, Canada.• Key results: The laser‐induced fluorescence detected by CLSM produces crisp high‐resolution images of the three‐dimensionally permineralized tissues of Dennstaedtiopsis aerenchymata. Tissues analyzed include the epidermis and epidermal hairs, cortex, aerenchyma, endodermis, vascular tissue, and pith—for each of which, CLSM yields results superior to those of standard optical microscopy. CLSM and previous Raman spectroscopic analyses of the same specimens provide evidence consistent with original biochemistry.• Conclusions: Use of CLSM to characterize the morphology and cellular anatomy of permineralized fossil plants can provide accurate data in two and three dimensions at high spatial resolution, information that can be critically important to taxonomic, taphonomic, and developmental interpretations. Results presented here from this first detailed CLSM‐based study of permineralized plant axes indicate that this nonintrusive, nondestructive technique should be widely applicable in paleobotany.
Self-Specific Memory Regulatory T Cells Protect Embryos at Implantation in Mice
Authors: Chen Ting , Darrasse-Jèze Guillaume , Bergot Anne-Sophie , Courau Tristan , Churlaud Guillaume , Valdivia Karina , Strominger Jack L. , Ruocco Maria Grazia , Chaouat Gérard , Klatzmann David 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play crucial roles in both fetal and tumor development. We recently showed that immunosurveillance by pre-existing CD44highCD62Llow activated/memory Tregs (amTregs) specific for self-Ags protects emergent tumor cells in mice. This Treg response of a memory type is more rapid than and dominates the antitumor response of tumor-specific effector T cells. In this study, we report striking similarities between the early Treg responses to embryo and tumor implantation. Tregs are rapidly recruited to uterus-draining lymph nodes and activated in the first days after embryo implantation in both syngeneic and allogeneic matings; express the markers of the amTreg subset; and are at least in part self-Ag specific, as seen in tumor emergence. Unlike in the tumor emergence setting, however, for which preimmunization against tumor Ags is sufficient for complete tumor eradication even in the presence of Tregs, Treg depletion is additionally required for high frequencies of fetus loss after preimmunization against paternal tissue Ags. Thus, amTregs play a major role in protecting embryos in both naive and preimmune settings. This role and the ensuing therapeutic potential are further highlighted by showing that Treg stimulation, directly by low-dose IL-2 or indirectly by Fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand, led to normal pregnancy rates in a spontaneous abortion-prone model.
In Kidney Transplant Patients, Alemtuzumab but Not Basiliximab/Low-Dose Rabbit Anti-Thymocyte Globulin Induces B Cell Depletion and Regeneration, Which Associates with a High Incidence of De Novo Donor-Specific Anti-HLA Antibody Development
Authors: Todeschini Marta , Cortinovis Monica , Perico Norberto , Poli Francesca , Innocente Annalisa , Cavinato Regiane Aparecida , Gotti Eliana , Ruggenenti Piero , Gaspari Flavio , Noris Marina , Remuzzi Giuseppe , Casiraghi Federica 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIn this single-center matched-cohort study, we evaluated the phenotype of repopulating B cells and its correlation with donor-specific anti-HLA Ab development and long-term graft function in 16 renal transplant recipients and 32 age- and gender-matched controls induced with alemtuzumab or basiliximab (Bas)/low-dose rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin (rATG), respectively. Alemtuzumab, but not Bas/rATG, profoundly depleted peripheral B cells in the first 2 mo posttransplantation. Early posttransplant, naive B cells were significantly depleted, whereas Ag-experienced and memory B cells were partially spared. Transitional B cells transiently increased 2 mo posttransplant. At month 6 posttransplant, pregerminal center B cells emerged, a process promoted by increased BAFF serum levels. Thereafter, B cell counts increased progressively, mainly due to expansion of naive B cells. Conversely, Bas/rATG did not modify the B cell phenotype throughout the follow-up period. Alemtuzumab was associated with a higher incidence of de novo DSA compared with Bas/rATG. DSA development was predicted by changes in the B cell compartment and correlated with worse long-term graft function. Thus, alemtuzumab-induced B cell depletion/reconstitution may promote chronic humoral responses against the graft.