bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Induction of nerve growth factor expression and release by mechanical and inflammatory stimuli in chondrocytes: possible involvement in osteoarthritis pain
Authors: Pecchi Emilie , Priam Sabrina , Gosset Marjolaine , Pigenet Audrey , Sudre Laure , Laiguillon Marie-Charlotte , Berenbaum Francis , Houard Xavier 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Nerve growth factor (NGF) level is increased in osteoarthritis (OA) joints and is involved in pain associated with OA. Stimuli responsible for NGF stimulation in chondrocytes are unknown. We investigated whether mechanical stress and proinflammatory cytokines may influence NGF synthesis by chondrocytes.

Methods
Primary cultures of human OA chondrocytes, newborn mouse articular chondrocytes or cartilage explants were stimulated by increasing amounts of IL-1β, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), visfatin/nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) or by cyclic mechanical compression (0.5 Hz, 1 MPa). Before stimulation, chondrocytes were pretreated with indomethacin, Apo866, a specific inhibitor of NAMPT enzymatic activity, or transfected by siRNA targeting visfatin/NAMPT. mRNA NGF levels were assessed by real-time quantitative PCR and NGF released into media was determined by ELISA.

Results
Unstimulated human and mouse articular chondrocytes expressed low levels of NGF (19.2 ± 8.7 pg/mL, 13.5 ± 1.0 pg/mL and 4.4 ± 0.8 pg/mL/mg tissue for human and mouse articular chondrocytes and costal explants, respectively). Mechanical stress induced NGF release in conditioned media. When stimulated by IL-1β or visfatin/NAMPT, a proinflammatory adipokine produced by chondocytes in response to IL-1β, a dose-dependent increase in NGF mRNA expression and NGF release in both human and mouse chondrocyte conditioned media was observed. Visfatin/NAMPT is also an intracellular enzyme acting as the rate-limiting enzyme of the generation of NAD. The expression of NGF induced by visfatin/NAMPT was inhibited by Apo866, whereas IL-1β-mediated NGF expression was not modified by siRNA targeting visfatin/NAMPT. Interestingly, PGE2, which is produced by chondrocytes in response to IL-1β and visfatin/NAMPT, did not stimulate NGF production. Consistently, indomethacin, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, did not counteract IL-1β-induced NGF production.

Conclusions
These results show that mechanical stress, IL-1β and extracellular visfatin/NAMPT, all stimulated the expression and release of NGF by chondrocytes and thus suggest that the overexpression of visfatin/NAMPT and IL-1β in the OA joint and the increased mechanical loading of cartilage may mediate OA pain via the stimulation of NGF expression and release by chondrocytes.
Methotrexate induces production of IL-1 and IL-6 in the monocytic cell line U937
Authors: Olsen Nancy J , Spurlock Charles F , Aune Thomas M 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Methotrexate (MTX) has been for decades a standard treatment in a wide range of conditions, from malignancies to rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Despite this long experience, the mechanisms of action of MTX remain incompletely understood. Reported immunologic effects of MTX include induction of increased production of some cytokines, an effect that seems to be at odds with the generally anti-inflammatory effects of this drug in diseases like RA. To further elucidate these immune activities, we examined effects of MTX on the human monocytic cell line U937.

Methods
The U937 cell line was treated in vitro with pharmacologic-range concentrations of MTX and effects on production of interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6 and TNF alpha were measured. Changes in gene expression for IL-1 and IL-6 and specificities in the Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway including JNK 1, JNK2, JUN and FOS were also determined. The contribution of NF-kB, folate and adenosine pathways to the observed effects was determined by adding appropriate inhibitors to the MTX cultures.

Results
MTX mediated a dose-dependent increase in IL-1 and IL-6 in U937 cells, as measured by secreted proteins and levels of gene expression. The increased cytokine expression was inhibited by addition of parthenolide and folinic acid, but not by caffeine and theophylline, suggesting that NF-kB and folates, but not adenosine, were involved in mediating the observed effects. When U937 cells were cultured with MTX, upregulated expression of JUN and FOS, but not JNK 1 or 2, also was observed.

Conclusions
MTX induces expression of proinflammatory cytokines in U937 monocytic cells. These effects might mediate the known toxicities of MTX including pneumonitis, mucositis and decreased bone mineral density.
Birth weight, childhood body mass index, and height in relation to mammographic density and breast cancer: a register-based cohort study
Authors: Andersen Zorana J , Baker Jennifer L , Bihrmann Kristine , Vejborg Ilse , Sørensen Thorkild IA , Lynge Elsebeth 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Introduction
High breast density, a strong predictor of breast cancer may be determined early in life. Childhood anthropometric factors have been related to breast cancer and breast density, but rarely simultaneously. We examined whether mammographic density (MD) mediates an association of birth weight, childhood body mass index (BMI), and height with the risk of breast cancer.

Methods
13,572 women (50 to 69 years) in the Copenhagen mammography screening program (1991 through 2001) with childhood anthropometric measurements in the Copenhagen School Health Records Register were followed for breast cancer until 2010. With logistic and Cox regression models, we investigated associations among birth weight, height, and BMI at ages 7 to 13 years with MD (mixed/dense or fatty) and breast cancer, respectively.

Results
8,194 (60.4%) women had mixed/dense breasts, and 716 (5.3%) developed breast cancer. Childhood BMI was significantly inversely related to having mixed/dense breasts at all ages, with odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) ranging from 0.69 (0.66 to 0.72) at age 7 to 0.56 (0.53 to 0.58) at age 13, per one-unit increase in z-score. No statistically significant associations were detected between birth weight and MD, height and MD, or birth weight and breast cancer risk. BMI was inversely associated with breast cancer, with hazard ratios of 0.91 (0.83 to 0.99) at age 7 and 0.92 (0.84 to 1.00) at age 13, whereas height was positively associated with breast cancer risk (age 7, 1.06 (0.98 to 1.14) and age 13, 1.08 (1.00 to 1.16)). After additional adjustment for MD, associations of BMI with breast cancer diminished (age 7, 0.97 (0.88 to 1.06) and age 13, 1.01 (0.93 to 1.11)), but remained with height (age 7, 1.06 (0.99 to 1.15) and age 13, 1.09 (1.01 to 1.17)).

Conclusions
Among women 50 years and older, childhood body fatness was inversely associated with the breast cancer risk, possibly via a mechanism mediated by MD, at least partially. Childhood tallness was positively associated with breast cancer risk, seemingly via a pathway independent of MD. Birth weight was not associated with MD or breast cancer in this age group.
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in adult patients with hematologic malignancies and severe acute respiratory failure
Authors: Wohlfarth Philipp , Ullrich Roman , Staudinger Thomas , Bojic Andja , Robak Oliver , Hermann Alexander , Lubsczyk Barbara , Worel Nina , Fuhrmann Valentin , Schoder Maria , Funovics Martin , Rabitsch Werner , Knoebl Paul , Laczika Klaus , Locker Gottfried J , Sperr Wolfgang R , Schellongowski Peter ,   Arbeitsgruppe für hämato-onkologische Intensivmedizin der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Internistische und Allgemeine Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin (ÖGIAIN)
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Acute respiratory failure (ARF) is the main reason for intensive care unit (ICU) admissions in patients with hematologic malignancies (HMs). We report the first series of adult patients with ARF and HMs treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).

Methods
This is a retrospective cohort study of 14 patients with HMs (aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) n = 5; highly aggressive NHL, that is acute lymphoblastic leukemia or Burkitt lymphoma, n = 5; Hodgkin lymphoma, n = 2; acute myeloid leukemia, n = 1; multiple myeloma, n = 1) receiving ECMO support because of ARF (all data as medians and interquartile ranges; age, 32 years (22 to 51 years); simplified acute physiology score II (SAPS II): 51 (42 to 65)). Etiology of ARF was pneumonia (n = 10), thoracic manifestation of NHL (n = 2), sepsis of nonpulmonary origin (n = 1), and transfusion-related acute lung injury (n = 1). Diagnosis of HM was established during ECMO in four patients, and five first received (immuno-) chemotherapy on ECMO.

Results
Before ECMO, the PaO2/FiO2 ratio was 60 (53 to 65), (3.3 to 3.7). Three patients received venoarterial ECMO because of acute circulatory failure in addition to ARF; all other patients received venovenous ECMO. All patients needed vasopressors, and five needed hemofiltration. Thrombocytopenia occurred in all patients (lowest platelet count was 20 (11 to 21) G/L). Five major bleeding events were noted. ECMO duration was 8.5 (4 to 16) days. ICU and hospital survival was 50%. All survivors were alive at follow-up (36 (10 to 58) months); five patients were in complete remission, one in partial remission, and one had relapsed.

Conclusions
ECMO therapy is feasible in selected patients with HMs and ARF and can be associated with long-term disease-free survival.
Autologous circulating angiogenic cells treated with osteopontin and delivered via a collagen scaffold enhance wound healing in the alloxan-induced diabetic rabbit ear ulcer model
Authors: O’Loughlin Aonghus , Kulkarni Mangesh , Vaughan Erin E , Creane Michael , Liew Aaron , Dockery Peter , Pandit Abhay , O’Brien Timothy 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Diabetic foot ulceration is the leading cause of amputation in people with diabetes mellitus. Peripheral vascular disease is present in the majority of patients with diabetic foot ulcers. Despite standard treatments there exists a high amputation rate. Circulating angiogenic cells previously known as early endothelial progenitor cells are derived from peripheral blood and support angiogenesis and vasculogenesis, providing a potential topical treatment for non-healing diabetic foot ulcers.

Methods
A scaffold fabricated from Type 1 collagen facilitates topical cell delivery to a diabetic wound. Osteopontin is a matricellular protein involved in wound healing and increases the angiogenic potential of circulating angiogenic cells. A collagen scaffold seeded with circulating angiogenic cells was developed. Subsequently the effect of autologous circulating angiogenic cells that were seeded in a collagen scaffold and topically delivered to a hyperglycemic cutaneous wound was assessed. The alloxan-induced diabetic rabbit ear ulcer model was used to determine healing in response to the following treatments: collagen seeded with autologous circulating angiogenic cells exposed to osteopontin, collagen seeded with autologous circulating angiogenic cells, collagen alone and untreated wound. Stereology was used to assess angiogenesis in wounds.

Results
The cells exposed to osteopontin and seeded on collagen increased percentage wound closure as compared to other groups. Increased angiogenesis was observed with the treatment of collagen and collagen seeded with circulating angiogenic cells.

Conclusions
These results demonstrate that topical treatment of full thickness cutaneous ulcers with autologous circulating angiogenic cells increases wound healing. Cells exposed to the matricellular protein osteopontin result in superior wound healing. The wound healing benefit is associated with a more efficient vascular network. This topical therapy provides a potential novel therapy for the treatment of non-healing diabetic foot ulcers in humans.
Full elastic finite-difference modeling and interpretation of karst system in a subsalt carbonate reservoir
Authors: Zhan Xin , Fang Xinding , Daneshvar Reza , Liu Enru , Harris Christopher E. 
Published: January 2014

We evaluated an advanced forward-modeling-based reservoir characterization technique that uses full elastic finite-difference simulation to investigate the limits of karst identification in stacked seismic data. Identification of karsts is important for field development in carbonated reservoirs because paleokarst features can result in a loss of circulation and/or sometimes lost drill bits. Our primary objective was to verify whether we can detect and interpret the location and size of karsts from seismic data, especially given a complex overburden. We constructed an elastic reservoir model consisting of compressional velocity ([Formula: see text]), shear velocity ([Formula: see text]), and density for the study area using interpreted horizons and well log information. Karsts with varying widths, thicknesses, dip angles, and porosities were inserted to generate multiple versions of the model. We also evaluated the imaging impact of overlying faults and salt on karst detection. Full elastic simulation was performed on the various reservoir models using a realistic acquisition geometry to generate gathers, which were then prestack time migrated to quantify the impact of different karst properties on the seismic images and study the effect of reservoir property changes on the seismic response. Finally, a wave-equation target-oriented analysis was presented to improve the understanding of subsalt amplitude and illumination. From the finite-difference modeling and analysis that we performed, we obtained an uncertainty range on karst property estimation from seismic images and gained insights into future survey design for subsalt interpretation and amplitude analysis. For our specific model, we found the limit of karst identification from seismic data is a 30-m-wide horizontal karst or a 500 m karst dipping at 60°. Also, the karst image width reflected its true width only when the actual karst width was larger than the P-wave wavelength (240 m in this case). With a dipping overburden above the reservoir, apparent positions of karsts were shifted in the updip direction by prestack time migration up to 50 m from their true position. This lateral uncertainty should be kept in mind in well planning to avoid karst features interpreted from a time-migrated seismic section.
Efficiency of Complex Application of Various Types of Graphics Programs during Geometric Models Development at Specialists’ Training
Authors: Токарев  , Tokarev Vladimir , Шевелев  , Shevelev Yuriy 
Published: January 2014

The technique efficacy is consisting in acquirement
by students the necessary knowledge and skills related to implementation
of software applications for solving of practical problems
on development of objects’ information models, as well as for work
with information in global computer networks.
Love of descriptive geometry and passion for height
Authors: Соляникова  , Solyanikova E. , Нестеренко  , Nesterenko Leonid , Бурлов  , Burlov V. , Кикта  , Kikta A. 
Published: January 2014

This paper is devoted to N.A. Rynin – outstanding
Russian scientist, talented engineer, splendid theorist and practitioner
who brought the invaluable contribution to many areas of science including the theory of air and space flights. This paper’s
material is highlighting the role of N.A. Rynin as outstanding
person among representatives of geometrography sciences of Russian
classic school. His scientific contribution to wonderful world of
descriptive geometry is a basis of engineering thought formation at
the modern technical training system of junior specialists. Currency
of historical information about this outstanding person consists in
necessity of prestige raise related to technical education at this
country’s high education institutions of our country that is so indispensable
on the modern stage of Russia’s development.
Solitons in gauge theories: Existence and dependence on the charge
Authors: Bonanno Claudio 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
In this paper we review recent results on the existence of non-topological solitons in classical relativistic nonlinear field theories. We follow the Coleman approach, which is based on the existence of two conservation laws, energy and charge. In particular we show that under mild assumptions on the nonlinear term it is possible to prove the existence of solitons for a set of admissible charges. This set has been studied for the nonlinear Klein–Gordon equation, and in this paper we state new results in this direction for the Klein–Gordon–Maxwell system.
Phylogenetic relationships of Dichotomaria (Nemaliales, Rhodophyta) with the proposal of Dichotomaria intermedia (R.C.Y. Chou) comb. nov.
Authors: Wiriyadamrikul Jutarat , Wynne Michael J. , Boo Sung Min 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Species delineation in the calcified red algal genus Dichotomaria is difficult due to the high degree of morphological similarity observed in these algae; thus, species descriptions are based on a limited set of morphological characters. In this study, we conducted phylogenetic analyses of plastid rbcL and mitochondrial cox1 sequences and detailed morphological observations on 28 specimens of Dichotomaria from the Indo-Pacific, Bermuda, the Galápagos Islands, and the Lesser Antilles. As a consequence, we propose the new combination Dichotomaria intermedia (R.C.Y. Chou) comb. nov. based on Galaxaura intermedia. This species has flattened branches, three to four cortical cell layers, four sterile branches issuing from the hypogynous cell, and a pericarp formed from the basal cell, as in the genus Dichotomaria. In the rbcL tree, D. intermedia formed a group with Dichotomaria tenera from South Africa. Our results confirmed the occurrence of 11 species and one variety: Dichotomaria apiculata, Dichotomaria australis, Dichotomaria diesingiana, Dichotomaria falcata, Dichotomaria hommersandii, Dichotomaria intermedia, Dichotomaria marginata, Dichotomaria obtusata, D. obtusata var. major, Dichotomaria papillata, Dichotomaria spathulata, and D. tenera. Further study is required to address unidentified genetic groups that cannot currently be assigned to known species groups.
Goal-Oriented Error Estimation for the Fractional Step Theta Scheme
Authors: Meidner Dominik , Richter Thomas 
Published: January 2014

Abstract.

In this work, we derive a goal-oriented a posteriori error estimator for the error due to
time-discretization of nonlinear parabolic partial differential equations by the fractional step
theta method. This time-stepping scheme is assembled by three steps of the general theta method,
that also unifies simple schemes like forward and backward Euler as well as the Crank–Nicolson
method. Further, by combining three substeps of the theta time-stepping scheme, the fractional
step theta time-stepping scheme is derived. It possesses highly desired stability and numerical
dissipation properties and is second order accurate.
The derived error estimator is based on a Petrov–Galerkin formulation that is up to a numerical
quadrature error equivalent to the theta time-stepping scheme. The error estimator is assembled
as one weighted residual term given by the dual weighted residual method and one additional
residual estimating the Galerkin error between time-stepping scheme and Petrov–Galerkin
formulation.
On the splitting of quasilinear p-forms
Authors: Scully Stephen 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Using an analogue of Knebusch's generic splitting tower invariant in the theory of non-singular quadratic forms, we study the splitting behaviour of quasilinear (or Fermat-type) forms of degree p over fields of characteristic p > 0. Several new applications of our main results to the theory of quasilinear quadratic forms are provided, including an analogue of a theorem of Vishik relating to the existence of outer excellent connections in the motives of smooth projective quadrics over fields of characteristic different from 2, partial results towards a quasilinear version of Karpenko's theorem on the possible values of the first higher Witt indices of non-singular quadratic forms in characteristic not 2, and a proof of a conjecture of Hoffmann concerning quadratic forms with maximal splitting in the quasilinear case.
Synthesis, X-ray structural characterization, NLO, MEP, NBO and HOMO-LUMO analysis using DFT study of Zn(II)bis(3,4 dimethoxybenzoate)bis(nicotinamide) dihydrate
Authors: Kaya Afşin Ahmet , Demircioğlu Zeynep , Kaya Elif Çelenk , Büyükgüngör Orhan 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
A single crystal of Zn(II)bis(3,4 dimethoxybenzoate)bis(nicotinamide) dihydrate, formulated as C30H38N4O14Zn, (I) has been obtained. According to experimental data, the complex can be characterized in the solid state as mononuclear, with a distorted octahedral stereochemistry. The distorted octahedral stereochemistry adopted by the complex was further confirmed by X-ray structure analysis of the current study, which consists of a six-coordinate Zn atom in a distorted octahedral environment constructed from two N atoms and four O atoms. The title compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C 2/c with a = 27.9248(18) Å, b = 8.5941(4) Å, c = 14.8344(11) Å, α = 90°, β = 108.651(5)°, γ = 90°, Z = 4. The molecular structure and geometry were also optimized using the B3LYP density functional theory method employing the 6-31G (d) basis set. Molecular electrostatic potential, frontier molecular orbital analysis, nonlinear optical properties and natural bond analysis for the title molecule are also described from the computational process.
Multi-step degradation method for β-O-4 linkages in lignins: α-TSA method. Part 1: Reaction of non-phenolic dimeric β-O-4 model compound
Authors: Ando Daisuke , Takano Toshiyuki , Nakatsubo Fumiaki 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The α-TSA method has been developed for the cleavage of β-O-4 linkages in lignin. It consists of three steps: (1) thioetherification at α-position of β-O-4 substructures, (2) sulfonylation, and (3) mild alkali treatment of the α-sulfone derivative. The method was tested on a nonphenolic dimeric β-O-4 lignin model compound, namely on 4-benzyloxy-3-methoxyphenylglycerol-β-guaiacyl ether. It demonstrated that the mild alkali degradation of the α-sulfone derivative proceeds efficiently, i.e., the electron-withdrawing sulfone group at α-position contributes to the cleavage of the β-O-4 linkage in the same mechanism as that in the γ-TTSA method.
Impact of iron(II) and oxygen on degradation of oak – modeling of the Vasa wood
Authors: Norbakhsh Shahin , Bjurhager Ingela , Almkvist Gunnar 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
In the wood of the Swedish 17th century warship Vasa, iron (Fe)-catalyzed chemical degradation has taken place after the salvation in 1961, which is manifested in increased acidity accompanied by cellulose degradation and reduced strength in the oak hull. Model studies on fresh oak impregnated with Fe(II) also led to tensile strength (TS) reduction in the same order of magnitude as observed in the wood of the Vasa. In the present study, further experiments have been performed concerning the Fe-catalyzed wood degradation. Namely, the degree of wood degradation was monitored quantitatively by measurement of the O2 consumption of Fe(II)-impregnated oak, kept in closed vials with different relative humidities (RH), as a function of time. The initial O2 consumption was high and declined with time. After 200 days, the accumulated O2 consumption was 0.3–0.4 mmol g-1 wood. Degradation products with low molecular weight were analyzed. The release of CO2 and oxalic acid (OA) was positively correlated with RH (0.235 and 0.044 mmol g-1, respectively, at RH98% after 200 days). Samples kept for 1500 days at RH54% had accumulated 0.044 mmol OA g-1 wood, which is equal to the average OA content in the interior of Vasa oak (corresponding to 4 mg g-1). Oak samples, from which extractives had been removed prior to Fe(II) impregnation, did not change their O2 consumption or TS reduction compared to the nonextracted samples, indicating that extractives are not essential for cellulose degradation in this context.