bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resection versus resection with ablation: Analysis from the colorectal liver operative metastasis international collaborative
Authors: Mainali Bigyan B. , Valenzuela Cristian D. , Moaven Omeed , Stauffer John A. , Del Piccolo Nico R. , Cheung Tanto , Corvera Carlos U. , Wisneski Andrew D. , Cha Charles H. , Zarandi Nima P. , Dourado Justin , Russell Gregory , Shen Perry 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundThermal ablation has recently become a key therapy for the treatment of colorectal liver metastasis (CLM). However, the role of ablation in combination with resection has not yet been firmly established. We hypothesize that in patients with CLM, those who undergo liver resection with ablation (RA) have similar outcomes compared with those who undergo liver resection only.MethodsWe reviewed a multicenter international database of 906 surgical procedures for CLM from 5 high volume hepatobiliary surgical units. Patients undergoing RA (n = 63) were matched based on the number of lesions and tumor size using a 1:1 balanced propensity score analysis with those having resection only (n = 63). Our primary outcomes were overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS).ResultsThe mean age of our cohort was 58 ± 11 years, with 43% females. With a median follow‐up of 70.8 months, patients in the resection and RA group had a median OS of 45.1 and 54.8 months (p = 0.71), respectively. The median DFS was 22.7 and 14.2 months (p = 0.045), respectively. Using a multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model, the treatment approach was not associated with OS (p = 0.94) or DFS (p = 0.059). A higher number of lesions is independently associated with worse DFS (hazard ratio: 1.12, p < 0.01). When there was disease recurrence, the region of recurrence was similar between the RA versus resection only groups (p = 0.27), but there was a shorter time to recurrence in the RA group (p = 0.002).ConclusionFor CLM, the treatment approach was not significantly associated with OS or DFS, while tumor biology likely played an important role. Prospective research on the quality and effectiveness of thermal ablation combined with hepatic resection is warranted.
Prognostic impact of aberrant right hepatic artery involvement in patients with pancreatic cancer: A multicenter retrospective cohort study
Authors: Ueda Hiroki , Takahashi Hidenori , Akita Hirofumi , Tomimaru Yoshito , Kobayashi Shogo , Kubo Masahiko , Mukai Yousuke , Toshiyama Reishi , Sasaki Kazuki , Hasegawa Shinichiro , Iwagami Yoshifumi , Sakai Kenji , Yamada Daisaku , Noda Takehiro , Asaoka Tadafumi , Wada Hiroshi , Gotoh Kunihito , Doki Yuichiro , Eguchi Hidetoshi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of aberrant right hepatic artery (A‐RHA) involvement in patients with pancreatic cancer (PC).MethodsThis study enrolled 474 patients who underwent upfront pancreatectomy or neoadjuvant treatment for resectable (R) or borderline resectable (BR) PC from four institutions. The patients were divided into three groups: A‐RHA involvement group (n = 12), patients who had sole A‐RHA involvement without major arterial involvement; BR‐A group (n = 104), patients who had major arterial involvement; R/BR‐PV group (n = 358), others.ResultsAll patients in the A‐RHA involvement group underwent margin‐negative resection. The median overall survival of the entire cohort in the A‐RHA involvement, R/BR‐PV, and BR‐A groups was 41.2, 33.5, and 25.2 months, respectively. Although survival in the R/BR‐PV group was significantly more favorable than that in the BR‐A group (p = 0.0003), no significant difference was observed between the A‐RHA involvement group and the R/BR‐PV (p = 0.7332) and BR‐A (p = 0.1485) groups.ConclusionsThe prognosis of patients with PC and sole A‐RHA involvement was comparable to that of patients with R/BR‐PV.
Must we lose our biological connection to nature to endure changing times?
Authors: Berger Joel , Bleich Vernon C. , Terry Bowyer R. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractEarth has >8 billion people. Scholarly publications number nearly 7 million annually with >1 million in the life and biomedical sciences, and ≥52 professional journals specializing in conservation, ecology, or related disciplines. The challenges of applying ecological data to conservation and wildlife management can easily become overwhelming. Herein we offer reflective perspectives about the changing face of applied knowledge and engagement from our personal employment histories as ecologists working in agency, university, and non‐governmental organization (NGO) biologist positions. We suggest natural history will always be nature's glue, but knowledge steeped mostly in muddy boots and field biology are no longer the soup du jour of our profession. In many ways, new technologies have changed data collection and the scientific questions asked. Arguably, such change is not welcomed by all, but a change in overlap across decades is needed to sustain and improve upon how the planet's biological diversity can coexist with increasingly difficult human conditions. Given that 80% of the people in the United States live in urban areas, with similar numbers internationally, a future possibility may be an even greater divide between wild nature, ecological services, and enjoyment in the field. This is disturbing. Despite fundamental scientific insights that help understand critical components of the natural world, once society loses touch with nature, what will remain?
Technical note: Phantom‐based evaluation of CBCT dose calculation accuracy for use in adaptive radiotherapy
Authors: Wessels Claas , Strzelecki Adam , Plamondon Mathieu , Lehmann Mathias , Peterlik Igor , Paysan Pascal , Nagy Balazs , Heinz Alexander , Seghers Dieter , Thompson Stephen , Scheib Stefan G. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundHigh‐quality 3D‐anatomy of the day is needed for treatment plan adaptation in radiotherapy. For online x‐ray‐based CBCT workflows, one approach is to create a synthetic CT or to utilize a fan‐beam CT with corresponding registrations. The former potentially introduces uncertainties in the dose calculation if deformable image registration is used. The latter can introduce burden and complexity to the process, the facility, and the patient.PurposeUsing the CBCT of the day, acquired on the treatment device, for direct dose calculation and plan adaptation can overcome these limitations. This study aims to assess the accuracy of the calculated dose on the CBCT scans acquired on a Halcyon linear accelerator equipped with HyperSight.MethodsHyperSight's new CBCT reconstruction algorithm includes improvements in scatter correction, HU calibration of the imager, and beam shape adaptation. Furthermore, HyperSight introduced a new x‐ray detector. To show the effect of the implemented improvements, gamma comparisons of 2%/2 mm, 2%/1 mm, and 1%/1 mm were made between the dose distribution in phantoms calculated on the CBCT reconstructions and the simulation CT scans, considering this the standard of care. The resulting gamma passing rates were compared to those obtained with the Halcyon 3.0 reconstruction and hardware without HyperSight's technologies. Various anatomical phantoms for dosimetric evaluations on brain, head and neck, lung, breast, and prostate cases have been used in this study.ResultsThe overall results demonstrated that HyperSight outperformed the Halcyon 3.0 version. Based on the gamma analysis, the calculated dose using HyperSight was closer to the CT scan‐based doses than the calculated dose using iCBCT Halcyon 3.0 for most cases. Over all plans and gamma criteria, Halcyon 3.0 achieved an average passing rate of 92.9%, whereas HyperSight achieved 98.1%.ConclusionUsing HyperSight CBCT images for direct dose calculation, for example, in (online) plan adaptation, seems feasible for the investigated cases.
Geometry accuracy control in abrasive water jet taper hole machining of ultra‐thick carbon fiber‐reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates
Authors: Liang Wei , Cheng Liang , Dong Huiyue , Zhu Minghua , Guo Yingjie , Ke Yinglin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe primary factors affecting the geometric accuracy of abrasive water jet (AWJ) machining of ultra‐thick carbon fiber‐reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates are the cutting front drag and kerf width deviation caused by energy dissipation. Firstly, this study comprehensively analyzes the influence of the coupling relationship between cutting front drag and kerf width deviation on the geometric accuracy of hole machining. Secondly, a gradient distribution theory for jet traverse speed with cutting depth is proposed for taper hole machining characteristics. Finally, a general geometric error model applicable to both straight and taper hole machining of ultra‐thick CFRP laminates using AWJ is established, along with a geometric error compensation method. A series of experiments validate the accuracy of the proposed geometric error model and compensation method. The novelty of this research lies in unifying the geometric error models for straight and taper hole machining of ultra‐thick CFRP laminates by considering the gradient distribution of jet traverse speed. The proposed error compensation method reduces the high degree of freedom required for machine tools. This study provides a general geometric error model and compensation strategy for AWJ hole machining of ultra‐thick CFRP laminates, which has significant engineering value for achieving 3D controllable AWJ machining of complex ultra‐thick CFRP components.Highlights
The high geometric precision taper holes machining technique is a necessary prerequisite for achieving precise machining of complex trajectories in ultra‐thick CFRP with abrasive water jet.
The influence of the coupling relationship between cutting front drag and kerf taper on the geometric accuracy of hole processing is comprehensively analyzed.
A model considering the gradient distribution of traverse speed during taper holes machining was established, and a geometric error model considering this gradient distribution of traverse speed was developed.
A taper holes machining geometric error compensation method with high engineering applicability was proposed.
Geometric error prediction experiments and error compensation experiments were conducted, and the results proved the accuracy of the geometric error model and error compensation method.
Interface modification strategy to construct SiC nanowires@pyrolytic carbon reinforcement for carbon fiber composites
Authors: Wan Xinyi , Zhang Leilei , Shen Xuetao , Wang Tiantian , Sheng Hongchao , Li Hejun 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDesigning and optimizing the interface of carbon fiber composites is the key to improve mechanical and biotribological properties. Carbon fiber‐reinforced hydroxyapatite‐epoxy matrix (CM) composites, which have excellent mechanical and biotribological properties, are often used to avoid artificial bone damage and improve the longevity of artificial bone. In this work, a SiC nanowires@pyrolytic carbon (SiCnws@PyC) is designed and incorporated into the CM to improve the mechanical and biotribological properties. SiCnws@PyC can promote bonding of the fiber/matrix interface and cohesion of the epoxy matrix. The mechanical and biotribological properties of CM are greatly improved because of the interface modification and reinforcement of SiCnws@PyC. The tensile strength and elastic modulus of SiCnws@PyC‐reinforced CM are 18.73% and 38.71% higher than those of CM, respectively. SiCnws@PyC‐reinforced CM has a 9.09% reduction in the friction coefficient and a 74.61% reduction in the wear rate. This study provides a promising methodology for the preparation of SiCnws@PyC‐reinforced CM with better stability and longevity for bone grafting applications.Highlights
The mechanism of SiC nanowires@pyrolytic carbon (SiCnws@PyC) is explained.
The SiCnws@PyC structure is designed into composites.
PyC core‐shell transforms the structure of hydroxyapatite.
The SiCnws@PyC enhances mechanical and biotribological properties of composites.
Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir (Paxlovid) Use Among Individuals at Risk of Severe COVID‐19: An Analysis of the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C)
Authors: Xiao Xuya , Alexander G. Caleb , Mehta Hemalkumar B. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTPurposePaxlovid is effective in reducing COVID‐19 hospitalization and mortality. This study characterized Paxlovid use and evaluated racial/ethnic disparities over time among community‐dwelling adults at high risk of progression to severe COVID‐19 disease.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study used the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C) data and included individuals aged 18 years or older diagnosed with COVID‐19 between January 2022 and December 2023. The study cohort included nonhospitalized individuals who were at high risk of COVID‐19 progression, and selected the first COVID‐19 episode in each quarter, including reinfection episodes. Paxlovid use was defined as receiving Paxlovid within ±5 days of a COVID‐19 diagnosis. We used descriptive statistics to characterize Paxlovid use overall and by calendar quarter and race/ethnicity. We used a generalized estimating equations (GEE) models to quantify the association of race/ethnicity with Paxlovid use controlling for age, gender, and clinical characteristics.ResultsAmong 1 264 215 individuals at high risk of disease progression (1 404 607 episodes), Paxlovid use increased from 1.2% in January–March 2022 to 35.1% in October–December 2023. Paxlovid use was more common among non‐Hispanic White individuals (23.9%) than non‐Hispanic Black (16.5%) and Latinx/e (16.7%) patients. After adjusting age, gender, and clinical characteristics, Paxlovid use was less likely among non‐Hispanic Black (odds ratio [OR] 0.69, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.68–0.70) and Latinx/e (OR 0.72, CI 0.71–0.73) patients than non‐Hispanic White patients.ConclusionsAmong a large, diverse cohort of community‐dwelling individuals with COVID‐19, nearly two out of three eligible individuals did not receive Paxlovid, and minoritized racial/ethnic groups were less likely to use Paxlovid than their non‐Hispanic White individuals.
Estimation of Treatment Policy Estimands for Continuous Outcomes Using Off‐Treatment Sequential Multiple Imputation
Authors: Drury Thomas , Abellan Juan J. , Best Nicky , White Ian R. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTThe estimands framework outlined in ICH E9 (R1) describes the components needed to precisely define the effects to be estimated in clinical trials, which includes how post‐baseline ‘intercurrent’ events (IEs) are to be handled. In late‐stage clinical trials, it is common to handle IEs like ‘treatment discontinuation’ using the treatment policy strategy and target the treatment effect on outcomes regardless of treatment discontinuation. For continuous repeated measures, this type of effect is often estimated using all observed data before and after discontinuation using either a mixed model for repeated measures (MMRM) or multiple imputation (MI) to handle any missing data. In basic form, both these estimation methods ignore treatment discontinuation in the analysis and therefore may be biased if there are differences in patient outcomes after treatment discontinuation compared with patients still assigned to treatment, and missing data being more common for patients who have discontinued treatment. We therefore propose and evaluate a set of MI models that can accommodate differences between outcomes before and after treatment discontinuation. The models are evaluated in the context of planning a Phase 3 trial for a respiratory disease. We show that analyses ignoring treatment discontinuation can introduce substantial bias and can sometimes underestimate variability. We also show that some of the MI models proposed can successfully correct the bias, but inevitably lead to increases in variance. We conclude that some of the proposed MI models are preferable to the traditional analysis ignoring treatment discontinuation, but the precise choice of MI model will likely depend on the trial design, disease of interest and amount of observed and missing data following treatment discontinuation.
Gel Polymer Electrolyte Enables Low‐Temperature and High‐Rate Lithium‐Ion Batteries via Bionic Interface Design
Authors: Liu Xiaofei , Wang Dong , Zhang Zibo , Li Gaunwu , Wang Jian , Yang Guangmin , Lin Hongzhen , Lin Jianyan , Ou Xing , Zheng Weitao 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTraditional ethylene carbonate (EC)‐based electrolytes constrain the applications of silicon carbon (Si‐C) anodes under fast‐charging and low‐temperature conditions due to sluggish Li+ migration kinetics and unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). Herein, inspired by the efficient water purification and soil stabilization of aquatic plants, a stable SEI with a 3D desolvation interface is designed with gel polymer electrolyte (GPE), accelerating Li+ desolvation and migration at the interface and within stable SEI. As demonstrated by theoretical simulations and experiment results, the resulting poly(1,3‐dioxolane) (PDOL), prepared by in situ ring‐opening polymerization of 1,3‐dioxolane (DOL), creates a 3D desolvation area, improving the Li+ desolvation at the interface and yielding an amorphous GPE with a high Li+ ionic conductivity (5.73 mS cm−1). Furthermore, more anions participate in the solvated structure, forming an anion‐derived stable SEI and improving Li+ transport through SEI. Consequently, the Si‐C anode achieves excellent rate performance with GPE at room temperature (RT) and low temperature (−40 °C). The pouch full cell coupled with LiFePO4 cathode obtains 97.42 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles at 5 C/5 C. This innovatively designed 3D desolvation interface and SEI represent significant breakthroughs for developing fast‐charging and low‐temperature batteries.
Injectable Regenerated Silk Fibroin Micro/Nanosphere with Enhanced Permeability and Stability for Osteoarthritis Therapy
Authors: Wang Zixiang , Yin Xueyang , Zhuang Chenyang , Wu Kang , Wang Huiren , Shao Zhengzhong , Tian Bo , Lin Hong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn the therapy of early‐stage osteoarthritis, to accomplish full infiltration of subchondral bone and cartilage, and to target osteoclast and chondrocyte simultaneously remain challenges in biomaterials design. Herein, a novel hierarchical drug delivery system is introduced, with micrometer‐scale outer layer spheres composed of regenerated silk fibroin, characterized by connected porous structure through the n‐butanol and regenerated silk fibroin combined emulsion route and freezing method. The design effectively resists clearance from the joint cavity, ensuring stable delivery and prolonged residence time within the joint space. Additionally, the system incorporates phenylboronic acid‐enriched silk fibroin nanoparticles, stabilized through chemical cross‐linking, which encapsulate isoliquiritin derived from Glycyrrhiza uralensis. These nanoparticles facilitate complete penetration of the cartilage extracellular matrix, exhibit pH‐responsive behavior, neutralize reactive oxygen species, and enable controlled drug release, thereby enhancing therapeutic efficacy. The in vitro and in vivo experiments both demonstrate that the composite micro/nanospheres not only inhibit osteoclastogenesis with bone loss in subchondral bone and osteophyte formation, but also mitigate chondrocytes apoptosis, reduce oxidative stress associated with cartilage degeneration, and ameliorate neuropathic hyperalgesia, with the underlying mechanisms being elucidated. The study indicates that such an injectable strategy combining organic biomaterials with Chinese medicine holds substantial promise for the treatment of early osteoarthritis.
Electrochemically Active MoO3/TiN Sulfur Host Inducing Dynamically Reinforced Built‐in Electric Field for Advanced Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Lee Jeongyoub , Kim Sumin , Park Jung Been , Park Daerl , Lee Sangjun , Choi Changhoon , Lee Hyungsoo , Jang Gyumin , Park Young Sun , Yun Juwon , Moon Subin , Lee Soobin , Jeong Chang‐Seop , Kim Jun Hwan , Choi Heon‐Jin , Kim Dong‐Wan , Moon Jooho 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAlthough various electrocatalysts have been developed to ameliorate the shuttle effect and sluggish Li–S conversion kinetics, their electrochemical inertness limits the sufficient performance improvement of lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs). In this work, an electrochemically active MoO3/TiN‐based heterostructure (MOTN) is designed as an efficient sulfur host that can improve the overall electrochemical properties of LSBs via prominent lithiation behaviors. By accommodating Li ions into MoO3 nanoplates, the MOTN host can contribute its own capacity. Furthermore, the Li intercalation process dynamically affects the electronic interaction between MoO3 and TiN and thus significantly reinforces the built‐in electric field, which further improves the comprehensive electrocatalytic abilities of the MOTN host. Because of these merits, the MOTN host‐based sulfur cathode delivers an exceptional specific capacity of 2520 mA h g−1 at 0.1 C. Furthermore, the cathode exhibits superior rate capability (564 mA h g−1 at 5 C), excellent cycling stability (capacity fade rate of 0.034% per cycle for 1200 cycles at 2 C), and satisfactory areal capacity (6.6 mA h cm−2) under a high sulfur loading of 8.3 mg cm−2. This study provides a novel strategy to develop electrochemically active heterostructured electrocatalysts and rationally manipulate the built‐in electric field for achieving high‐performance LSBs.
Dynamic response and blast resistance of I‐shaped steel‐concrete composite beam under explosive loading
Authors: Li Yuan , Lin Qutong , Liu Jianyu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTo investigate the dynamic mechanical response and damage mechanisms of I‐shaped steel‐concrete composite beams under explosive loads, experimental research and numerical simulations were conducted on steel‐concrete composite structures. The accuracy of the numerical analysis model was validated by comparing the damage characteristics of the structures obtained from explosive tests on the steel‐concrete composite components. Based on this, numerical simulations were performed on steel‐concrete composite beams using the explicit dynamic analysis software ANSYS/LS‐DYNA, and a study on their damage mechanisms was conducted. This study resulted in the acquisition of dynamic mechanical response patterns, including time‐dependent stress, strain, displacement, acceleration, and so on. Different structural damage characteristics under various explosive conditions were summarized, and key parameters affecting the blast resistance of the structure were analyzed. The research findings indicated that, in contrast to the failure characteristics of I‐shaped reinforced concrete (RC) beams, the failure characteristics of I‐shaped steel‐concrete composite beams mainly include punching and shearing failure of the steel‐RC slab and local buckling of the steel beam. Under the same explosive conditions, steel‐concrete composite structures exhibit superior blast resistance, with certain changes in structural parameters significantly improving blast resistance. The research results can provide theoretical support and a scientific basis for the proactive design of blast protection in steel‐concrete beams.