bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histamine suppresses epidermal keratinocyte differentiation and impairs skin barrier function in a human skin model
Authors: Gschwandtner M. , Mildner M. , Mlitz V. , Gruber F. , Eckhart L. , Werfel T. , Gutzmer R. , Elias P. M. , Tschachler E. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundDefects in keratinocyte differentiation and skin barrier are important features of inflammatory skin diseases like atopic dermatitis. Mast cells and their main mediator histamine are abundant in inflamed skin and thus may contribute to disease pathogenesis.MethodsHuman primary keratinocytes were cultured under differentiation‐promoting conditions in the presence and absence of histamine, histamine receptor agonists and antagonists. The expression of differentiation‐associated genes and epidermal junction proteins was quantified by real‐time PCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence labeling. The barrier function of human skin models was tested by the application of biotin as tracer molecule.ResultsThe addition of histamine to human keratinocyte cultures and organotypic skin models reduced the expression of the differentiation‐associated proteins keratin 1/10, filaggrin, and loricrin by 80–95%. Moreover, the addition of histamine to skin models resulted in the loss of the granular layer and thinning of the epidermis and stratum corneum by 50%. The histamine receptor H1R agonist, 2‐pyridylethylamine, suppressed keratinocyte differentiation to the same extent as did histamine. Correspondingly, cetirizine, an antagonist of H1R, virtually abrogated the effect of histamine. The expression of tight junction proteins zona occludens‐1, occludin, claudin‐1, and claudin‐4, as well as that of desmosomal junction proteins corneodesmosin and desmoglein‐1, was down‐regulated by histamine. The tracer molecule biotin readily penetrated the tight junction barrier of skin cultures grown in the presence of histamine, while their diffusion was completely blocked in nontreated controls.ConclusionsOur findings suggest a new mechanism by which mast cell activation and histamine release contribute to skin barrier defects in inflammatory skin diseases.
Asthma severity in childhood and metabolomic profiling of breath condensate
Authors: Carraro S. , Giordano G. , Reniero F. , Carpi D. , Stocchero M. , Sterk P.J. , Baraldi E. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundAsthma is a heterogeneous disease and its different phenotypes need to be better characterized from a biochemical‐inflammatory standpoint. This study aimed to apply the metabolomic approach to exhaled breath condensate (breathomics) to discriminate different asthma phenotypes, with a particular focus on severe asthma in children.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, we recruited 42 asthmatic children (age, 8–17 years): 31 with nonsevere asthma (treated with inhaled steroids or not) and 11 with severe asthma. Fifteen healthy children were enrolled as controls. Children performed exhaled nitric oxide measurement, spirometry, exhaled breath condensate (EBC) collection. Condensate samples were analyzed using a metabolomic approach based on mass spectrometry.ResultsA robust Bidirectional‐Orthogonal Projections to Latent Structures‐Discriminant Analysis (O2PLS‐DA) model was found for discriminating both between severe asthma cases and healthy controls (R2 = 0.93; Q2 = 0.75) and between severe asthma and nonsevere asthma (R2 = 0.84; Q2 = 0.47). The metabolomic data analysis leads to a robust model also when the 3 groups of children were considered altogether (K = 0.80), indicating that each group is characterized by a specific metabolomic profile. Compounds related to retinoic acid, adenosine and vitamin D (Human Metabolome Database) were relevant for the discrimination between groups.ConclusionThe metabolomic profiling of EBC could clearly distinguish different biochemical‐metabolic profiles in asthmatic children and enabled the severe asthma phenotype to be fully discriminated. The breathomics approach may therefore be suitable for discriminating between different asthma metabolic phenotypes.
Sharing experiences to improve bereavement support and clinical care after stillbirth: report of the 7th annual meeting of the international stillbirth alliance
Authors: Heazell Alexander E.P. , Leisher Susannah , Cregan Mairie , Flenady Vicki , Frøen J. Frederik , Gravensteen Ida K. , de Groot‐Noordenbos Mariëtte , de Groot Paul , Hale Sue , Jennings Belinda , McNamara Karen , Millard Caron , Erwich Jan Jaap H. M. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractStillbirth remains a global health challenge which is greatly affected by social and economic inequality, particularly the availability and quality of maternity care. The International Stillbirth Alliance (ISA) exists to raise awareness of stillbirth and to promote global collaboration in the prevention of stillbirth and provision of appropriate care for parents whose baby is stillborn. The focus of this ISA conference was to share experiences to improve bereavement support and clinical care. These issues, relevant throughout the globe, are not discrete but closely interrelated, with both similarities and differences depending on the specific country and cultural context. Counting stillbirths and understanding the causes of stillbirth are essential not only for providing optimal care and support to parents whose babies die, but also for reducing the future burden of stillbirth. This summary highlights novel work from obstetricians, midwives, psychologists, parents and peer support organizations that was presented at the ISA meeting. It covers topics including the bereavement process, peer support for parents, support and training for staff, evidence for clinical care, and the need for accurate data on stillbirths and perinatal audits. Representatives from the maternity services of the region presented their outcome data and shared their experiences of clinical and bereavement care. Data and developments in practice within stillbirth and bereavement care must be widely disseminated and acted upon by those responsible for maternity care provision, both to prevent stillbirths and to provide high‐quality care when they do occur.
Elective induction of labor and the risk of cesarean section in low‐risk parous women: a cohort study
Authors: Jonsson Maria , Cnattingius Sven , Wikström Anna‐Karin 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the association between elective induction of labor and cesarean section in low‐risk parous women, and to assess whether the association is influenced by induction method.DesignCohort study.SettingUniversity hospital in Sweden.PopulationParous women without pregnancy complications or previous cesarean section, and with a planned vaginal term (37–41 weeks), singleton birth, in vertex position were included.MethodsInformation was collected from a local database containing prospectively entered antenatal and delivery data. Odds ratios for cesarean section were calculated using generalized estimating equations logistic regression and adjusted for parity, maternal age, gestational length, birthweight, use of epidural anesthesia and year of birth.Main outcome measuresEmergency cesarean section.ResultsAmong 7973 pregnancies that fulfilled the inclusion criteria, 343 (4%) had an elective induction of labor. Intravenous oxytocin was administered in 5% of these inductions, amniotomy was performed in 62%, and a cervical ripening agent was used in 33%. Electively induced labor more than doubled the risk of cesarean section compared with spontaneous labor onset (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.4–4.2) and this risk was more than tripled when cervical ripening was used (OR 3.6, 95% CI 1.7–7.6).ConclusionsIn low‐risk parous women, electively induced labor has an increased risk of emergency cesarean section compared with spontaneous onset labor. This risk increase is more pronounced if cervical ripening agents are required. Women need to be counseled about these risks before elective induction of delivery is decided.
Classification of stillbirths and risk factors by cause of death – a case‐control study
Authors: Helgadóttir Linda Björk , Turowski Gitta , Skjeldestad Finn Egil , Jacobsen Anne Flem , Sandset Per Morten , Roald Borghild , Jacobsen Eva‐Marie 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate risk factors for stillbirths by cause, using the Causes of Death and Associated Conditions (CODAC) classification system for perinatal deaths.DesignCase‐control study.SettingTwo university hospitals in Oslo, Norway, January 1990 through December 2003.SampleWomen with stillbirth after 22 gestational weeks (n = 377) and controls with live births (n = 1 215), and a subsample of 105 cases and 262 controls.MethodsSocio‐demographic, clinical and thrombophilic risk factors for stillbirths were assessed by cause of death in univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses. Stillbirths were classified according to CODAC based on information from medical records and validated placenta histology.Main outcome measuresCauses of stillbirths in percentages, prevalence, odds ratios and adjusted odds ratios for potential risk factors.ResultsApproximately half of the women (n = 190) had placental and 19.4% (n = 73) unknown cause of stillbirth. Placental‐associated conditions were registered in 18% (n = 68) of cases with a non‐placental or an unknown cause. Smoking and small‐for‐gestational age were more prevalent in all causal groups, compared with controls, whereas twin pregnancy, hypertension and diabetes were more prevalent only among women with placental and unknown causes of stillbirth. The F2rs179963 polymorphism and combined thrombophilia were significant risk factors for stillbirth with placental causes and antiphospholipid antibodies for stillbirth with non‐placental causes.ConclusionsTwo‐thirds of all stillbirths (68%) were caused by or associated with placental pathology. Risk factors differed somewhat according to cause, apart from smoking and small‐for‐gestational age, which were significant risk factors across the causal groups.
Preoperative and intraoperative assessment of myometrial invasion in endometrial cancer: comparison of magnetic resonance imaging and frozen sections
Authors: Kisu Iori , Banno Kouji , Lin Li‐Yu , Ueno Akihisa , Abe Takayuki , Kouyama Keisuke , Okuda Shigeo , Masugi Yohei , Umene Kiyoko , Nogami Yuya , Tsuji Kosuke , Masuda Kenta , Ueki Arisa , Kobayashi Yusuke , Yamagami Wataru , Susumu Nobuyuki , Aoki Daisuke 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the diagnostic characteristics of the evaluation of myometrial invasion (MI) retrospectively between preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and intraoperative frozen sections.DesignA retrospective study.SettingUniversity hospital.Sample201 women diagnosed with endometrial carcinoma.MethodsAll women underwent preoperative MRI and 111 of them also underwent intraoperative frozen section assessment. The final pathological evaluation was used as the definitive diagnosis.Main outcome measuresIn women who underwent MRI and frozen sections (n = 111), the accuracies of detection of MI and of deep invasion (defined as ≥50% invasion) were compared.ResultsThe accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of MRI for detection of MI were 65.8, 58.8, and 88.5%, and those in frozen sections were 90.1, 90.6, and 88.5%, respectively. The accuracy and sensitivity of frozen sections were significantly higher (p < 0.001, p < 0.001), whereas the specificity of the two methods did not differ (p = 1.000). The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of MRI for detection of deep invasion were 83.8, 69.2, and 88.2%, and those of frozen sections were 93.7, 73.1, and 100.0%, respectively. The accuracy and specificity of frozen sections were significantly higher (p = 0.007 and p < 0.001, respectively), whereas sensitivity did not show a significant difference (p = 0.999).ConclusionIn assessment of MI, the accuracy of frozen sections was significantly higher than that of MRI. Since the diagnostic characteristics differ between two methods, additional intraoperative frozen sections are recommended for more accurate assessment of MI when MRI is negative for the presence of any MI or positive for the presence of deep invasion.
The Next Frontier in Composite Tissue Allotransplantation
Authors: Ren Xiaoping , Laugel Michael C. 
Published: November 2012

SummarySolid organ transplantations became a clinical option in the 1950s. The hand allograft was the pioneer of composite tissue allotransplantation (CTA), successfully started near the end of the last century despite arguments over the practicality and methods. Since then, CTA such as hand and face has continued to progress from the theoretical to clinical reality. The treatment principles, drug combinations, and mechanisms of the immunosuppression medications on which contemporary transplant surgeries have been based continue to develop as researchers and physicians gain more experience in the CTA field. It could be argued that the ethical issues associated with CTA have prevented evolution of the field rather than surgical or technical skill. This is particularly true for allo‐head and body reconstruction (AHBR). How can leaders in the field of CTA develop a model that would satisfy ethical concerns? Bolstered by recent successes in the field, is it time to traverse the next frontier? Can AHBR ever be a feasible option in the clinical setting? The reader will be provided with a brief history of CTA from theory to research to clinical practice. A concise description of AHBR as it pertains to the critical procedure (i.e., surgery design) will also be discussed.
Apolipoprotein M can discriminate HNF1A‐MODY from Type 1 diabetes
Authors: Mughal S. A. , Park R. , Nowak N. , Gloyn A. L. , Karpe F. , Matile H. , Malecki M. T. , McCarthy M. I. , Stoffel M. , Owen K. R. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAimsMissed diagnosis of maturity‐onset diabetes of the young (MODY) has led to an interest in biomarkers that enable efficient prioritization of patients for definitive molecular testing. Apolipoprotein M (apoM) was suggested as a biomarker for hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 alpha (HNF1A)‐MODY because of its reduced expression in Hnf1a–/– mice. However, subsequent human studies examining apoM as a biomarker have yielded conflicting results. We aimed to evaluate apoM as a biomarker for HNF1A‐MODY using a highly specific and sensitive ELISA.MethodsApoM concentration was measured in subjects with HNF1A‐MODY (n = 69), Type 1 diabetes (n = 50), Type 2 diabetes (n = 120) and healthy control subjects (n = 100). The discriminative accuracy of apoM and of the apoM/HDL ratio for diabetes aetiology was evaluated.ResultsMean (standard deviation) serum apoM concentration (μmol/l) was significantly lower for subjects with HNF1A‐MODY [0.86 (0.29)], than for those with Type 1 diabetes [1.37 (0.26), P = 3.1 × 10–18) and control subjects [1.34 (0.22), P = 7.2 × 10–19). There was no significant difference in apoM concentration between subjects with HNF1A‐MODY and Type 2 diabetes [0.89 (0.28), P = 0.13]. The C‐statistic measure of discriminative accuracy for apoM was 0.91 for HNF1A‐MODY vs. Type 1 diabetes, indicating high discriminative accuracy. The apoM/HDL ratio was significantly lower in HNF1A‐MODY than other study groups. However, this ratio did not perform well in discriminating HNF1A‐MODY from either Type 1 diabetes (C‐statistic = 0.79) or Type 2 diabetes (C‐statistic = 0.68).ConclusionsWe confirm an earlier report that serum apoM levels are lower in HNF1A‐MODY than in controls. Serum apoM provides good discrimination between HNF1A‐MODY and Type 1 diabetes and warrants further investigation for clinical utility in diabetes diagnostics.
Characterizing the transition from paediatric to adult care among emerging adults with Type 1 diabetes
Authors: Helgeson V. S. , Reynolds K. A. , Snyder P. R. , Palladino D. K. , Becker D. J. , Siminerio L. , Escobar O. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAimsThe goals of the study were to describe the transition of youth with Type 1 diabetes from paediatric to adult healthcare services, examine the link of this transition with self care and glycaemic control, and distinguish youth who received medical treatment from different physicians in terms of demographic and parent relationship variables.MethodsYouth with Type 1 diabetes (n = 118) were enrolled in a prospective study that examined the transition from the paediatric to adult healthcare systems and were evaluated during their senior year of high school (time 1) and 1 year later (time 2). Data on self care, glycaemic control and parent relationship were collected.ResultsThe majority of youth saw a paediatric endocrinologist at both assessments (n = 64); others saw an adult care physician at both assessments (n = 26) or transitioned from a paediatric endocrinologist to an adult care physician (n = 19). Nine youth saw no physician between time 1 and time 2. There were group differences in demographic and parent relationship variables and self‐care behaviour and glycaemic control related to the transition of care. Youth who remained in the paediatric healthcare system had the best self care and did not experience declines in glycaemic control over time.ConclusionsEarly transition from the paediatric healthcare system to the adult healthcare system is associated with psychosocial variables and worse glycaemic control. Future research should identify factors that determine optimal timing and strategies to avoid deterioration of care and control during this transition.
Family history of Type 1 diabetes affects insulin secretion in patients with ‘Type 2’ diabetes
Authors: Lundgren V. M. , Andersen M. K. , Isomaa B. , Tuomi T. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAimsThe aim was to evaluate the impact of family history of diabetes on the phenotype of patients diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes and the frequency of susceptibility genotypes.MethodsPatients with Type 2 diabetes with family history for both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes (FHMIX, n = 196) or Type 2 diabetes only (FHT2, n = 139) matched for age, sex, BMI and age at diagnosis, underwent an oral glucose tolerance test and a combined glucagon test and insulin tolerance test. Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) antibodies and major Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes susceptibility gene variants were analysed. Patients were stratified into groups according to family history or GAD antibody positivity (GADA+, GADA–) or a combination of these (GADA+/FHMIX, GADA+/FHT2, GADA–/FHMIX, GADA–/FHT2).ResultsCompared with other patients, those with FHMIX more often had GAD antibodies (14.3 vs. 4.3%, P = 0.003), and those with both FHMIX and GAD antibodies had the highest frequency of insulin deficiency (stimulated serum C‐peptide < 0.7 nmol/l, GADA+/FHMIX 46.4% vs. GADA–/FHMIX 9.5% (P < 0.00001), GADA–/FHT2 4.5% (P < 0.00001), GADA+/FHT2 0%). Patients with GADA+/FHMIX more often had HLA‐DQB1 risk genotypes compared with patients with GADA–/FHMIX or GADA–/FHT2D (47 vs. 23 or 14%, P = 0.05 and P < 0.00001, respectively). In logistic regression analyses, FHMIX, GAD antibody positivity and HLA risk genotypes were independently associated with insulin deficiency.ConclusionA family history for both type 1 and type 2 diabetes was associated with higher prevalence of GAD antibodies and HLA‐DQB1 risk genotypes than a family history of type 2 diabetes only, and was associated with earlier and more severe development of insulin deficiency, which was only partially explained by GAD antibodies and HLA.
Blood glucose levels in children with Type 1 diabetes attending a residential diabetes camp: a 2‐year review
Authors: Carlson K. T. , Carlson G. W. , Tolbert L. , Demma L. J. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAimsThe objective of this retrospective analysis of blood glucose values at a week‐long residential summer camp for children with Type 1 diabetes was to provide experiential data to reinforce current summer camp guidelines and to determine if specific interventions implemented between 2009 and 2010 were effective in lowering average blood glucose among our campers without increasing risk of hypoglycaemia.MethodsBlood glucose records were obtained from a random selection of children who attended six 1‐week camp sessions, three each in 2009 and 2010. Five values per day: pre‐meal breakfast, lunch and dinner, pre‐evening snack and midnight values were analysed.ResultsA total of 13 267 blood glucose values were included. There were no severe hypoglycaemic episodes, seizures or need for full‐dose glucagon or intravenous glucose in either year. Mean blood glucose was significantly lower in 2010 compared with 2009 (9.22 vs. 10.06 mmol/l, P < 0.001). Older age and camp year were associated with lower mean blood glucose, even when controlling for gender and duration of diabetes.ConclusionsThis analysis is the largest so far conducted at a residential diabetes camp. Mean blood glucose levels were lower than other published studies. Although we cannot attribute a cause‐and‐effect relationship between our interventions and the improvement in blood glucose between 2009 and 2010, the use of pre‐meal insulin bolus doses, low glycaemic meals and highlighting blood glucose levels in logs before being reviewed by endocrinologists are strongly encouraged. From this study we hope to establish benchmarks for comparison among camps and begin to identify best practices.
Developing an undergraduate curriculum in Special Care Dentistry – by consensus
Authors: Dougall A. , Pani S. C. , Thompson S. , Faulks D. , Romer M. , Nunn J. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIt has been reported that healthcare providers often lack the skills set to provide care for people with disabilities, leading to inequalities in health and reduced access to health care. Newly graduating dentists are likely to see a significant number of patients with special healthcare needs in the course of their practicing lives. However, there is evidence of national and international variation in the availability of education and training at the undergraduate level in this important, emerging area. The quality and content of undergraduate education in Special Care Dentistry has been shown to correlate with students' confidence and their expressed willingness, towards providing care for patients with special healthcare needs in their future practice. The aim of this study was to use information from a three‐round Delphi process, continued into a face‐to‐face meeting, to establish consensus on what constitutes the essential core knowledge, skills and attitudes required by a newly qualified dentist so that they are able to deliver patient care to diverse populations following graduation. A high level of agreement was established amongst an international panel of experts from 30 countries. The final core items identified by the panel showed a paradigm shift away from the traditional emphasis on medical diagnosis within a curriculum towards an approach based on the International Classification of Functioning (ICF) with patient‐centred treatment planning for people with disabilities and special healthcare needs according to function or environment. Many of the core skills identified by the panel are transferable across a curriculum and should encourage a person‐centred approach to treatment planning based on the function, needs and wishes of the patient rather than their specific diagnosis.