bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of harvest indices for monitoring cougar survival and abundance
Authors: Wolfe Michael L. , Gese Eric M. , Terletzky Pat , Stoner David C. , Aubry Lise M. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTHarvest indices are used by state wildlife management agencies to monitor population trends and set harvest quotas for furbearer species. Although harvest indices may be readily collected from hunters, the reliability of harvest indices for monitoring demography and abundance of the harvested species is rarely examined, particularly amongst large carnivores. The overall objective of this study was to assess whether cougar (Puma concolor) harvest statistics collected by wildlife managers were correlated with changes in cougar demography, mainly survival rates and abundance. We estimated key demographic parameters for 2 cougar populations in Utah over 17 years during which we monitored 235 radio‐collared cougars. We then compared these demographic parameters to harvest statistics provided by the Utah Division of Wildlife Resources over the same time period for the Oquirrh‐Stansbury (lightly harvested population) and Monroe (heavily harvested population) harvest management units. In the Oquirrh‐Stansbury unit, the percent of harvested cougars >6 years old was positively correlated with annual survival, indicative of a population experiencing several years of high survival resulting in an older age structure. Percent of permits filled and cougar abundance were also significantly correlated, suggesting higher hunting success with increased density. In the Monroe management unit, the annual percent of permits filled was correlated with changes in overall annual survival and male and female annual survival. Of utmost importance, pursuit success (cougars treed/day) increased with the number of cougars on the unit suggesting that pursuit indices may be an informative metric for wildlife managers to determine cougar population trends. Because both management units were subjected to contrasting mortality regimes, results provided by this assessment could potentially be applied to additional management areas sharing similar ecological characteristics and harvest metrics. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Unusual percolation threshold of electromagnetic waves in double‐zero medium embedded with random inclusions
Authors: Luo Jie , Hang Zhi Hong , Chan C. T. , Lai Yun 
Published: September 2015

By investigating the transmission of electromagnetic waves through random media composed of a random cluster of inclusions embedded in a “double‐zero” medium with simultaneously near‐zero permittivity and permeability, a percolation behavior of photons squeezing through the gaps between random inclusions with unity transmittance is observed. Interestingly, such a percolation exhibits a threshold induced by the long‐range connectivity of the “nonconducting” component in the transverse direction instead of the “conducting” component in the propagation direction, which is distinctly different from those in normal percolations. This unusual phenomenon, obtained by full wave simulations, is explained analytically through the introduction of a geometric concept hereby denoted as “free surfaces”. This work reveals a unique type of percolation threshold for electromagnetic waves with potential applications in energy harvesting, sensors and switches.
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Finely Formed, Kinetically Modulated Wrinkle Structures in UV‐Crosslinkable Liquid Prepolymers
Authors: Park Seung Koo , Kwark Young‐Je , Moon Jaehyun , Joo Chul Woong , Yu Byounggon , Lee Jeong‐Ik 
Published: September 2015

Special characteristics of wrinkles such as a scattering source and a high surface area are finding use in high‐tech applications. UV‐crosslinkable prepolymers are occasionally used for fabricating wrinkled films. Wavelength of the wrinkles formed from the prepolymers is several tens and hundreds of micrometers. Here, a UV‐crosslinkable liquid prepolymer is synthesized to spontaneously form wrinkle structures in the order of several micrometers. Double layers with a very thin hard skin and a soft and contractible foundation are formed at the same time, by ensuring that all the absorbance wavelengths of the photoinitiator are shorter than the minimum wavelength at which the prepolymer is transparent. The rate of photo‐crosslinking reaction, Rp, is also found to affect the thickness of the skin and foundation layers at the early UV‐curing stage. The first‐order apparent rate constant, kapp, is between ≈0.20 and ≈0.69 s−1 for the wrinkle formation. This wrinkle structures can be simply modulated by changing Rp.
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Precision Polyolefin Nanoalloy Polypropylene/Poly(ε‐caprolactone)
Authors: Liu Yuan , Wang Ning , Dong Jin‐Yong 
Published: September 2015

This communication reports the first example of precision polyolefin nanoalloys where an exotic immiscible polymer is nanometrically dispersed with stability in a polyolefin matrix in a highly controlled mode. Following the preparation of polypropylene/multiwalled carbon nanotubes nanocomposites (PP/MWCNTs) by in situ Ziegler‐Natta polymerization, the hydroxyl groups on the surfaces of individual MWCNTs are used to initiate ring‐opening polymerization of ε‐caprolactone, resulting in PP/poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) alloy with PCL grafted on MWCNTs. Upon phase formation, the PP/MWCNTs‐g‐PCL alloys exhibit a unique PCL dispersion morphology, which is stable and solely governed by PCL molecular weight.
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Alpha‐synuclein propagation: New insights from animal models
Authors: Dehay Benjamin , Vila Miquel , Bezard Erwan , Brundin Patrik , Kordower Jeffrey H. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTAggregation of alpha‐synuclein is implicated in several neurodegenerative diseases collectively termed synucleinopathies. Emerging evidence strongly implicates cell‐to‐cell transmission of misfolded alpha‐synuclein as a common pathogenetic mechanism in synucleinopathies. The impact of alpha‐synuclein pathology on neuronal dysfunction and behavioral impairments is being explored in animal models. This review provides an update on how research in animal models supports the concept that misfolded alpha‐synuclein spreads from cell to cell and describes how findings in animal models might relate to the disease process in humans. Finally, we discuss the current underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms and future therapeutic strategies targeting alpha‐synuclein propagation. © 2015 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
The dentin phosphoprotein repeat region and inherited defects of dentin
Authors: Yang Jie , Kawasaki Kazuhiko , Lee Moses , Reid Bryan M. , Nunez Stephanie M. , Choi Murim , Seymen Figen , Koruyucu Mine , Kasimoglu Yelda , Estrella‐Yuson Ninna , Lin Brent P. J. , Simmer James P. , Hu Jan C.‐C. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractNonsyndromic dentin defects classified as type II dentin dysplasia and types II and III dentinogenesis imperfecta are caused by mutations in DSPP (dentin sialophosphoprotein). Most reported disease‐causing DSPP mutations occur within the repetitive DPP (dentin phosphoprotein) coding sequence. We characterized the DPP sequences of five probands with inherited dentin defects using single molecule real‐time (SMRT) DNA sequencing. Eight of the 10 sequences matched previously reported DPP length haplotypes and two were novel. Alignment with known DPP sequences showed 32 indels arranged in 36 different patterns. Sixteen of the 32 indels were not represented in more than one haplotype. The 25 haplotypes with confirmed indels were aligned to generate a tree that describes how the length variations might have evolved. Some indels were independently generated in multiple lines. A previously reported disease‐causing DSPP mutation in Family 1 was confirmed and its position clarified (c.3135delC; p.Ser1045Argfs*269). A novel frameshift mutation (c.3504_3508dup; p.Asp1170Alafs*146) caused the dentin defects in Family 2. A COL1A2 (c.2027G>A or p.Gly676Asp) missense mutation, discovered by whole‐exome sequencing, caused the dentin defects in Family 3. We conclude that SMRT sequencing characterizes the DPP repeat region without cloning and can improve our understanding of normal and pathological length variations in DSPP alleles.
Selling to strategic and loss‐averse consumers: Stocking, procurement, and product design policies
Authors: Lee Chang Hwan , Choi Tsan‐Ming , Cheng T.C.E. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractMotivated by the presence of loss‐averse decision making behavior in practice, this article considers a supply chain consisting of a firm and strategic consumers who possess an S‐shaped loss‐averse utility function. In the model, consumers decide the purchase timing and the firm chooses the inventory level. We find that the loss‐averse consumers' strategic purchasing behavior is determined by their perceived gain and loss from strategic purchase delay, and the given rationing risk. Thus, the firm that is cognizant of this property tailors its inventory stocking policy based on the consumers' loss‐averse behavior such as their perceived values of gain and loss, and their sensitivity to them. We also demonstrate that the firm's equilibrium inventory stocking policy reflects both the economic logic of the traditional newsvendor inventory model, and the loss‐averse behavior of consumers. The equilibrium order quantity is significantly different from those derived from models that assume that the consumers are risk neutral and homogeneous in their valuations. We show that the firm that ignores strategic consumer's loss‐aversion behavior tends to keep an unnecessarily high inventory level that leads to excessive leftovers. Our numerical experiments further reveal that in some extreme cases the firm that ignores strategic consumer's loss‐aversion behavior generates almost 92% more leftovers than the firm that possesses consumers’ loss‐aversion information and takes it into account when making managerial decisions. To mitigate the consumer's forward‐looking behavior, we propose the adoption of the practice of agile supply chain management, which possesses the following attributes: (i) procuring inventory after observing real‐time demand information, (ii) enhanced design (which maintains the current production mix but improves the product performance to a higher level), and (iii) customized design (which maintains the current performance level but increases the variety of the current production line to meet consumers’ specific demands). We show that such a practice can induce the consumer to make early purchases by increasing their rationing risk, increasing the product value, or diversifying the product line. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 62: 435–453, 2015
Dynamic flow‐based particle splitting in smoothed particle hydrodynamics
Authors: Khorasanizade Sh. , Sousa J. M. M. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryIn this work, a dynamic procedure for local particle refinement to be used in smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) is presented. The algorithm is able to consistently produce successive levels of particle splitting in accordance to a flow‐based criterion. It has been applied together with accurate and robust formulations for variable spatial resolution in the framework of a semi‐implicit, truly incompressible scheme for SPH. Different test cases have been considered to assess the capabilities and advantages of the proposed procedure, namely, the laminar flow around circular and square obstacles in a plane channel for various regimes. Such flow cases entail the simulation of attached and separated shear layers, recirculating flow, vortex shedding and surface discontinuities. The results obtained for two levels of particle splitting have demonstrated that significant improvements may be obtained with respect to uniform particle spacing solutions in a variety of situations, thus presenting an excellent trade‐off between accuracy and computational cost. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PPIA is a novel adipogenic factor implicated in obesity
Authors: Zhang Lihong , Li Zhen , Zhang Bo , He Haiyang , Bai Yun 
Published: September 2015

ObjectiveTo assess the role of peptidyl‐prolyl cis/trans isomerase a (PPIA) in adipogenesis and obesity.MethodsFat mass and adipocyte sizes of PPIA−/− and wild‐type mice were compared. The role of PPIA in adipocyte differentiation of 3T3L1 and MEFs cells was analyzed by gene silencing and overexpression. The roles of PPIA in obesity were observed on a high‐fat diet obesity model and a gestational diabetes obesity model.ResultsPPIA−/− mice had significantly less fat than PPIA+/+ mice. The adipocyte size of PPIA−/− mice was significantly smaller than wild type. Silencing PPIA in 3T3L1 cells significantly impaired its adipocyte differentiation ability. Similarly, MEFs from PPIA−/− mice differentiated less than wild type, while their differentiation ability was restored by PPIA overexpression. PPIA‐silenced 3T3L1 cells had significantly lower expression of PPARG, C/EBPA, and C/EBPB at late stage of adipocyte differentiation, which was the same in PPIA−/− MEFs. When fed a high‐fat diet, PPIA−/− mice gained significantly less weight than wild type, accompanied by reduced PPARG, C/EBPA, and C/EBPB expression. PPIA expression was significantly higher in adipose tissue of gestational diabetes rat offspring, which had higher inguinal fat/body weight ratios than normal rat offspring.ConclusionsPPIA was a novel adipogenic factor important in obesity.
Fetal phenotype of 17q12 microdeletion syndrome: renal echogenicity and congenital diaphragmatic hernia in 2 cases
Authors: Yap Patrick , McGillivray George , Norris Fiona , Said Joanne M. , Kornman Louise , Stark Zornitza 
Published: September 2015

What's already known about this topic?

17q12 microdeletion causes a variable phenotype including renal malformations, a predisposition to maturity onset diabetes of the young and neurobehavioural issues.
17q12 microdeletion has been associated with renal echogenicity in prenatal setting.
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia is a rare association of 17q12 microdeletion.
What does this study adds?

Further evidence that congenital diaphragmatic hernia is part of the 17q12 microdeletion spectrum.
First case report with 17q12 microdeletion phenotype discordance in monozygotic twins, highlighting variable expressivity.
2014 year in review: Cystic fibrosis
Authors: Savant Adrienne P. , McColley Susanna A. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryIn this article, we highlight cystic fibrosis (CF) research published in Pediatric Pulmonology during 2014, as well as related articles published in other journals. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2015; 50:1147–1156. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Practical Principles in Appointment Scheduling
Authors: Kuiper Alex , Mandjes Michel 
Published: September 2015

Appointment schedules aim at achieving a proper balance between the conflicting interests of the service provider and her clients: a primary objective of the service provider is to fully utilize her available time, whereas clients want to avoid excessive waiting times. Setting up schedules that strike a good balance is severely complicated by the fact that the clients' service times are random. Because of the lack of explicit expressions, one has often set up schedules relying on simulation techniques. In this paper, we take a radically different approach: we use newly developed analytical techniques to numerically determine optimal schedules (i.e., schedules that optimize a given objective function that incorporates the interests of the service provider as well as the clients) and compare them with a number of easily evaluated heuristics; in our setup, it is throughout assumed that a given fraction of the clients does not show up. Our results are particularly useful in situations in which there is a significant variation in the service times, which is typically the case in various healthcare‐related settings. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structure of random 312‐avoiding permutations
Authors: Madras Neal , Pehlivan Lerna 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWe evaluate the probabilities of various events under the uniform distribution on the set of 312‐avoiding permutations of . We derive exact formulas for the probability that the ith element of a random permutation is a specific value less than i, and for joint probabilities of two such events. In addition, we obtain asymptotic approximations to these probabilities for large N when the elements are not close to the boundaries or to each other. We also evaluate the probability that the graph of a random 312‐avoiding permutation has k specified decreasing points, and we show that for large N the points below the diagonal look like trajectories of a random walk. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 49, 599–631, 2016
The web browser factor in traffic analysis attacks
Authors: Zhioua Sami 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWebsite fingerprinting is a known type of traffic analysis attacks that aims to identify which websites are visited in encrypted traffic traces. Recent work showed that some classifiers can successfully identify 90% of visited websites. Because web browsers use different rendering engines and networking application program interfaces (APIs), they tend to resist differently to website fingerprinting attacks. In this paper, we study to which extent popular web browsers can resist such attacks by analyzing the shape of their network traffic when fetching websites. To this end, five fine‐grained measures are used to point out very subtle differences in the network traffic of each web browser. Empirical analysis showed that, among six studied web browsers (Chrome, Firefox, Internet Explorer, Safari, Opera, and Tor Browser), Opera and Safari offer the highest resistance to website fingerprinting. Because most of existing fingerprinting techniques have been evaluated using Firefox web browser, we expect the accuracy results of existing work to be reduced in case Opera or Safari browser is used. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A solution‐based stall delay model for horizontal‐axis wind turbines
Authors: Dowler Joshua Lyle , Schmitz Sven 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis work proposes a new solution‐based stall delay model to predict rotational effects on horizontal‐axis wind turbines. In contrast to conventional stall delay models that correct sectional airfoil data prior to the solution to account for three‐dimensional and rotational effects, a novel approach is proposed that corrects sectional airfoil data during a blade element momentum solution algorithm by investigating solution‐dependent parameters such as the spanwise circulation distribution and the local flow velocity acting at a section of blade. An iterative process is employed that successively modifies sectional lift and drag data until the blade circulation distribution is converged. Results obtained with the solution‐based stall delay model show consistent good agreement with measured data along the National Renewable Energy Laboratory Phase VI and Model Experiments in Controlled Conditions rotor blades at low and high wind speeds. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Wind turbine fatigue damage evaluation based on a linear model and a spectral method
Authors: Tibaldi C. , Henriksen L. C. , Hansen M. H. , Bak C. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWind turbine multidisciplinary design optimization is currently the focus of several investigations because it has showed potential in reducing the cost of energy. This design approach requires fast methods to evaluate wind turbine loads with a sufficiently high level of fidelity. This paper presents a method to estimate wind turbine fatigue damage suited for optimization design applications. The method utilizes a high‐order linear wind turbine model. The model comprehends a detailed description of the wind turbine and the controller. The fatigue is computed with a spectral method applied to power spectral densities of wind turbine sensor responses to turbulent wind. In this paper, the model is validated both in time domain and frequency domain with a nonlinear aeroservoelastic model. The approach is compared quantitatively against fatigue damage obtained from the power spectra of time series evaluated with nonlinear aeroservoelastic simulations and qualitatively against rainflow counting. Results are presented for three cases: load evaluation at normal operation in the full wind speed range, load change evaluation due to two different controller tunings at normal operation at three different wind speeds above rated and load dependency on the number of turbulence seeds used for their evaluation. For the full‐range normal operation, the maximum difference between the two frequency domain‐based estimates of the tower base lateral fatigue moments is 36%, whereas the differences for the other sensors are less than 15%. For the load variation evaluation, the maximum difference of the tower base longitudinal bending moment variation is 22%. Such large difference occurs only when the change in controller tuning has a low effect on the loads. Furthermore, results show that loads evaluated with the presented method are less dependent on the turbulent wind realization; therefore, less turbulence seeds are required compared with time‐domain simulations to remove the dependency on the wind realization used to estimate loads. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reaction of Iron‐ and Tungsten Carbonyls with a Zwitterionic Fulvalene
Authors: Schmid Dominic , Seyboldt Alexander , Kunz Doris 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe highly dipolar fulvalene 1 reacts with pentacarbonyl iron(0) and hexacarbonyl tungsten(0) complexes under irradiation with UV light. The cyclopentadienyl complexes 2 and 3 formed are analysed by means of NMR and IR spectroscopy as well as X‐ray analysis. They are the first zwitterionic carbonyl complexes of fulvenes or fulvalenes. In the case of iron, the dinuclear complex 2 consisting of a dicarbonyliron(+I)‐tetracarbonylferrat(–I) moiety is formed, whereas in the case of tungsten, the mononuclear tricarbonyl tungsten(0) complex 3 is obtained.