bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generation and Development of Paravertebral Ossification in Cervical Artificial Disk Replacement
Authors: Tian Wei , Han Xiao , Liu Bo , He Da , Lv Yanwei , Yue James 
Published: October 2013

Study Design:
A retrospective follow-up study and review of images in published papers.

Objective:
To determine whether true heterotopic ossification (HO) occurs in artificial disk replacement (ADR); to evaluate the incidence of paravertebral ossification (PO) and its influence on ADR.

Summary of Background Data:
HO is typically defined as the abnormal formation of true bone within extraskeletal soft tissues. However, HO in ADR does not fit this definition precisely, as it originates from vertebral body, making it hard to distinguish radiologically from preexisting osteophytes. In this study, the term used for bone formation around ADR is PO.

Methods:
First, all images in the published papers were evaluated as to whether the presented PO in ADR fit the classic definition of HO or osteophytes. Second, we studied 37 consecutive patients who underwent ADR and follow-up for minimum 24 months. The preoperative and follow-up incidence of PO and its influence on range of motion were evaluated using x-ray and computed tomography.

Results:
All 52 images of PO were found adjacent to the disk in 1 segment rather than entire cervical spine. Fifty (96.2%) of the POs were found to originate from the vertebral body rather than in the soft tissue. A total of 31 patients were included in the follow-up study. No significant difference was found in the incidence of PO between the follow-up and preoperation (61.29% vs. 48.39%, P>0.05). The range of motion of the ADR segment in patients with progressed PO (7.44±4.64 degrees) was significantly lower than that of patients with stable PO grade (12.13±4.42 degrees, P<0.01) at last follow-up.

Conclusions:
A proportion of HO might in fact be the natural development of preoperative osteophytes, which is unrelated to ADR; the remaining HO might be due to changes in biomechanical environment after surgery, which promotes the grade of osteophytes and affects the segment motion.
Cannibalism in the pea aphid,Acyrthosiphon pisum
Authors: Cooper Lucy C. , Desjonqueres Camille , Leather Simon R. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractPrevious observations of cannibalism have been made in the aphidAcyrthosiphon pisum(L.): this article seeks to quantify factors contributing to such behaviors. We observed and quantified the responses of a number of clones and life stages to varying levels of starvation, in the form of increasingly desiccatedVica fabaL. plants (receiving 50, 25, or 10 mL every second day) or a complete absence of host plant. We found that, while the longest incidences of cannibalism are carried out by juveniles (F= 3.45,P= 0.019, df = 3) and targeted at adults, the starvation treatments had the most significant effect on the prevalence of cannibalism in matureA. pisum(F= 2.24,P= 0.025, df = 9). Furthermore, there was no difference between the prevalence or duration of cannibalistic activities within and between different clones (P≥ 0.05 in all cases), though juveniles were more likely to target unrelated aphids (V= 6 112,P= 0.011), and spent more time feeding on aphids from the same culture (V= 6 062,P= 0.018).
Trojan Multilateralism: Global Cooperation in Health
Authors: Sridhar Devi , Woods Ngaire 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis article argues that recent global health cooperation has been marked by two trends. First, there has been a highly successful proliferation of vertical funds to fight specific diseases. These are characterized by narrower problem‐based mandates; multistakeholder governance; voluntary and discretionary funding; no in‐country presence for the delivery of assistance; and an output‐based legitimacy (based on effectiveness, not process). The rise of new initiatives with these characteristics has dovetailed with an increase in the funding of international organizations. However, the latter has not necessarily strengthened multilateralism. Instead, rapid increases in discretionary earmarked funding to the WHO and World Bank, which we call Trojan multilateralism, has replicated features of the vertical funds. With what consequences for international cooperation? Using principal–agent theory, we find a mixed picture. International organizations are being redirected by specific incentives. However, two constraints on bilateral control are not shifting. There is a persistent asymmetry of information between the WHO or the World Bank and individual member states, which gives the former a degree of autonomy. Equally, there are persistent obstacles to tightening bilateral monitoring of multilateral action. We conclude that the positive lessons to be drawn from vertical initiatives need to be balanced by the risks posed from a convergence of vertical initiatives and Trojan multilateralism
Ventricular remodelling in rabbits with sustained high‐fat diet
Authors: Zarzoso M. , Mironov S. , Guerrero‐Serna G. , Willis B. Cicero , Pandit S. V. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAimExcess weight gain and obesity are one of the most serious health problems in the western societies. These conditions enhance risk of cardiac disease and have been linked with increased prevalence for cardiac arrhythmias and sudden death. Our goal was to study the ventricular remodelling occurring in rabbits fed with high‐fat diet (HFD) and its potential arrhythmogenic mechanisms.MethodsWe used 15 NZW rabbits that were randomly assigned to a control (n = 7) or HFD group (n = 8) for 18 weeks. In vivo studies included blood glucose, electrocardiographic, and echocardiographic measurements. Optical mapping was performed in Langendorff‐perfused isolated hearts.ResultsBody weight (3.69 ± 0.31 vs. 2.94 ± 0.18 kg, P < 0.001) and blood glucose levels (230 ± 61 vs. 141 ± 14 mg dL−1, P < 0.05) were higher in the HFD group vs. controls. The rate‐corrected QT interval and its dispersion were increased in HFD rabbits vs. controls (169 ± 10 vs. 146 ± 13 ms and 37 ± 11 vs. 9 ± 2 ms, respectively; P < 0.05). Echocardiographic analysis showed morphological and functional alterations in HFD rabbits indicative of left ventricle (LV) hypertrophy. Isolated heart studies revealed no changes in repolarization and propagation properties under conditions of normal extracellular K+, suggesting that extrinsic factors could underlie those electrocardiographic modifications. There were no differences in the dynamics of ventricular fibrillation (frequency, wave breaks) in the presence of isoproterenol. However, HFD rabbits showed a small reduction in action potential duration and an increased incidence of arrhythmias during hyperkalaemia.ConclusionHigh‐fat feeding during 18 weeks in rabbits induced a type II diabetes phenotype, LV hypertrophy, abnormalities in repolarization and susceptibility to arrhythmias during hyperkalaemia.
The electromechanical window is no better than QT prolongation to assess risk of Torsade de Pointes in the complete atrioventricular block model in dogs
Authors: Stams T R G , Bourgonje V J A , Beekman H D M , Schoenmakers M , van der Nagel R , Oosterhoff P , van Opstal J M , Vos M A 
Published: October 2013

Background and PurposeThe electromechanical window (EMW), the interval between the end of the T‐wave and the end of the left ventricular pressure (LVP) curve, has recently been proposed as a predictor of risk of Torsade de Pointes (TdP) in healthy animals, whereby a negative EMW (mechanical relaxation earlier than repolarization) after drug administration indicates an increased TdP risk. The aims of this study were to assess (i) the effect of the ventricular remodelling in the canine chronic, complete atrioventricular block (CAVB) model on EMW; (ii) the effect of the IKr‐blocker dofetilide on EMW; and (iii) the correlation of EMW with TdP inducibility.Experimental ApproachOur 11 year database of experiments of CAVB in dogs under general anaesthesia was reviewed and experiments included if ECG and LVP were recorded simultaneously at spontaneous rhythm. In total, 89 experiments in 44 dogs were appropriate and were analysed.Key ResultsDuring normally conducted sinus rhythm or acute atrioventricular block, EMW was positive. During CAVB, EMW was decreased to negative values. Dofetilide further reduced EMW before inducing repetitive TdP in 82% of the experiments. However, subclassification into inducible and non‐inducible dogs revealed no difference in EMW. Analysis of the components of EMW revealed that the observed changes in EMW were solely caused by QT prolongation.Conclusions and ImplicationsIn the canine CAVB model, ventricular remodelling and IKr block by dofetilide are associated with negative EMW values, but this reflects QT prolongation, and implies that the EMW lacks specificity to predict dofetilide‐induced TdP.
Detection ofQTcinterval prolongation using jacket telemetry in conscious non‐human primates: comparison with implanted telemetry
Authors: Derakhchan K , Chui R W , Stevens D , Gu W , Vargas H M 
Published: October 2013

Background and PurposeDuring repeat‐dose toxicity studies,ECGsare collected from chemically or physically‐restrained animals over a short timeframe. This is problematic due to cardiovascular changes caused by manual restraint stress and anesthesia, and limitedECGsampling. These factors confound data interpretation, but may be overcome by using a non‐invasive jacket‐basedECGcollection (JET). The current study investigated whether a jacketed external telemetry system could detect changes in cardiac intervals and heart rate in non‐human primates (NHPs), previously implanted with aPCTtransmitter.Experimental ApproachTwelve male cynomolgus monkeys were treated weekly with vehicle or sotalol (8, 16, 32 mg kg−1) p.o.ECGs were collected continuously for 24 hours, following treatment, over 4 weeks. A satellite group of sixNHPswas used for sotalol toxicokinetics.Key ResultsSotalol attained Cmaxvalues 1–3 hours after dosing, and exhibited dose‐proportional exposure. In jacketedNHPs, sotalol dose‐dependently increasedQT/QTcintervals, prolongedPRinterval, and reduced heart rate. SignificantQTcprolongation of 27, 54 and 76 msec was detected byJETafter 8, 16, and 32 mg kg−1sotalol, respectively, compared with time‐matched vehicle‐treated animals. Overall,JET‐derivedPR,QT,QTcintervals,QRSduration, and heart rate correlated well with those derived fromPCT.Conclusions and ImplicationsThe current findings clearly support the use ofJETto quantify cardiac interval and rhythm changes, capable of detectingQTcprolongation caused by sotalol.JETmay be a preferred method compared to restraint‐based ECG because high‐densityECGsampling can be collected in unstressed conscious monkeys, over several weeks.
“Jeunes à risque”: Généalogie d'un langage problématique
Authors: Caron Caroline , Soulière Marguerite 
Published: October 2013

Se référant aux études sur la gouvernementalité, cet article propose une généalogie de la catégorie des “jeunes à risque” dans les recherches sur les adolescents et les jeunes adultes. La société du risque, les lieux de diffusion des savoirs scientifiques, les axes prioritaires du financement public et les structures institutionnelles encadrant la pratique des chercheurs forment une conjoncture singulière où a pu s'élaborer un véritable langage des “jeunes à risque.” Fruit d'une démarche de réflexivité critique, l'analyse souligne la responsabilité des chercheurs dans la légitimation de ce langage problématique et les défis que comporte le projet de le transformer.Based on governmentality studies, this article sketches out a genealogy of the “youth at‐risk” category in contemporary youth studies. A convergence of risk society, sites of dissemination for youth research, state priorities in research funding, and institutional structures that frame research practices serve to create a unique historical moment for the emergence of regulatory “youth at‐risk” language. As part of a critical reflexive approach to youth research, this article underscores youth scholars' responsibility to challenge this problematic language and pins down some of the difficulties this project faces in the academy.
The Impact of Liberalization on Female Workers in Quebec: Four Case Studies
Authors: Noiseux Yanick , Boucher Marie‐Pierre 
Published: October 2013

Cet article explore l'impact de la libéralisation des marchés sur la main‐d'œuvre féminine au Québec. Il cherche à valider une intuition formulée par Brunelle, Beaulieu and Minier () en guise de conclusion d'un rapport de recherche mettant en relief l'essor et la prolifération des marchés périphériques du travail dans le capitalisme mondialisé. Parce qu'elles sont surreprésentées dans le travail atypique, les auteurs se demandaient alors si la restructuration des marchés du travail avait des impacts négatifs les femmes. En nous appuyant sur quatre études de cas dans différents secteurs de l'économie (habillement, commerce de détail, télécommunications, services d'aide à domicile), l'article valide l' hypothèse d'une rehiérarchisation genrée du marché du travail sur la base de statuts d'emploi dans le sillage du processus de libéralisation.The article explores the impact of market liberalization on Quebec's female workforce in a context of global capitalism by testing a hypothesis formulated by Brunelle, Beaulieu, and Minier () as a concluding remark of a research that exposed the burgeoning of secondary labor market: “Is liberalization leading to an employment‐statuses‐based restructuration of labor markets that would have negative impacts on women?” Using four case studies in key sectors of the economy (garments, retail, telecom, home‐care services), the article suggests a genderized rehierarchization of labor markets based on employment statuses in the wake of the liberalization process.
Plasma cortisol concentration increases within 6 hours of stabling inRAO‐affected horses
Authors: Shaba J. J. , Behan Braman A. , Robinson N. E. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryReasons for performing studyIn many inflammatory diseases plasma cortisol concentration (CORT) increases at the onset of acute inflammation, but the situation in recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) of horses is unknown.Study designSplit‐plot repeated measures design with one grouping factor (disease) and two repeated factors (day and 3‐hour intervals).ObjectiveTo test the hypothesis thatCORTincreases as acute exacerbations ofRAOdevelop.MethodsFourRAO‐susceptible and 4 control horses were placed in a low dust environment (LDEnv) for 2 days followed by 2 days in a high dust environment (HDEnv). Exacerbations ofRAOwere indicated by increases in maximal change in pleural pressure (ΔPplmax) and decreases in breathing frequency variability (BFV), which was continuously measured by respiratory inductance plethysmography. Plasma samples for determination ofCORTwere collected every 6 h.ResultsIn control horses, ΔPplmax andBFVwere unaffected by theHDEnv, whereas inRAO‐affected horses ΔPplmax increased andBFVdecreased significantly. In theLDEnv, there was a circadian variation inCORTin both control andRAO‐affected horses. InHDEnv,CORTwas unaffected in control horses, but increased significantly inRAO‐affected horses between 6 and 12 h after entering theHDEnv.ConclusionsPlasma cortisol concentration increases concurrently with the development of acute exacerbations ofRAO.
On the catalytic mechanism and stereospecificity of Escherichia coli l‐threonine aldolase
Authors: di Salvo Martino L. , Remesh Soumya G. , Vivoli Mirella , Ghatge Mohini S. , Paiardini Alessandro , D'Aguanno Simona , Safo Martin K. , Contestabile Roberto 
Published: October 2013

l‐Threonine aldolases (l‐TAs) represent a family of homologous pyridoxal 5′‐phosphate‐dependent enzymes found in bacteria and fungi, and catalyse the reversible cleavage of several l‐3‐hydroxy‐α‐amino acids. l‐TAs have great biotechnological potential, as they catalyse the formation of carbon–carbon bonds, and therefore may be exploited for the bioorganic synthesis of l‐3‐hydroxyamino acids that are biologically active or constitute building blocks for pharmaceutical molecules. Many l‐TAs, showing different stereospecificity towards the Cβ configuration, have been isolated. Because of their potential to carry out diastereoselective syntheses, l‐TAs have been subjected to structural, functional and mechanistic studies. Nevertheless, their catalytic mechanism and the structural bases of their stereospecificity have not been elucidated. In this study, we have determined the crystal structure of low‐specificity l‐TA from Escherichia coli at 2.2‐Å resolution, in the unliganded form and cocrystallized with l‐serine and l‐threonine. Furthermore, several active site mutants have been functionally characterized in order to elucidate the reaction mechanism and the molecular bases of stereospecificity. No active site catalytic residue was revealed, and a structural water molecule was assumed to act as the catalytic base in the retro‐aldol cleavage reaction. Interestingly, the very large active site opening of E. coli l‐TA suggests that much larger molecules than l‐threonine isomers may be easily accommodated, and l‐TAs may actually have diverse physiological functions in different organisms. Substrate recognition and reaction specificity seem to be guided by the overall microenvironment that surrounds the substrate at the enzyme active site, rather than by one ore more specific residues.Structured digital abstract

eTA and eTA bind by x-ray crystallography (1, 2).

DatabaseRCSB PDB (www.pdb.org): structural data are available in the Protein Data Bank/BioMagResBank databases under the accession numbers 4LNJ, 4LNM and 4LNL for the unliganded, eTA‐Thr and eTA‐Ser structures.
Identification of Multiple Sources of Groundwater Contamination by Dual Isotopes
Authors: Kaown Dugin , Shouakar‐Stash Orfan , Yang Jaeha , Hyun Yunjung , Lee Kang‐Kun 
Published: October 2013

AbstractChlorinated solvents are one of the most commonly detected groundwater contaminants in industrial areas. Identification of polluters and allocation of contaminant sources are important concerns in the evaluation of complex subsurface contamination with multiple sources. In recent years, compound‐specific isotope analyses (CSIA) have been employed to discriminate among different contaminant sources and to better understand the fate of contaminants in field‐site studies. In this study, the usefulness of dual isotopes (carbon and chlorine) was shown in assessments of groundwater contamination at an industrial complex in Wonju, Korea, where groundwater contamination with chlorinated solvents such as trichloroethene (TCE) and carbon tetrachloride (CT) was observed. In November 2009, the detected TCE concentrations at the study site ranged between nondetected and 10,066 µg/L, and the CT concentrations ranged between nondetected and 985 µg/L. In the upgradient area, TCE and CT metabolites were detected, whereas only TCE metabolites were detected in the downgradient area. The study revealed the presence of separate small but concentrated TCE pockets in the downgradient area, suggesting the possibility of multiple contaminant sources that created multiple comingling plumes. Furthermore, the variation of the isotopic (δ13C and δ37Cl) TCE values between the upgradient and downgradient areas lends support to the idea of multiple contamination sources even in the presence of detectable biodegradation. This case study found it useful to apply a spatial distribution of contaminants coupled with their dual isotopic values for evaluation of the contaminated sites and identification of the presence of multiple sources in the study area.
FGF‐23 and cognitive performance in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Drew David A. , Tighiouart Hocine , Scott Tammy M. , Lou Kristina V. , Fan Li , Shaffi Kamran , Weiner Daniel E. , J. Sarnak Mark 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAlthough cognitive impairment is common in hemodialysis patients, the etiology of and risk factors for its development remain unclear. Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF‐23) levels are elevated in hemodialysis patients and are associated with increased mortality and left ventricular hypertrophy. Despite FGF‐23 being found within the brain, there are no prior studies assessing whether FGF‐23 levels are associated with cognitive performance. We measured FGF‐23 in 263 prevalent hemodialysis patients in whom comprehensive neurocognitive testing was also performed. The cross‐sectional association between patient characteristics and FGF‐23 levels was assessed. Principal factor analysis was used to derive two factors from cognitive test scores, representing memory and executive function, which carried a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1. Multivariable linear regression adjusting for age, sex, education status, and other relevant covariates was used to explore the relationship between FGF‐23 and each factor. Mean age was 63 years, 46% were women and 22% were African American. The median FGF‐23 level was 3098 RU/mL. Younger age, lower prevalence of diabetes, longer dialysis vintage, and higher calcium and phosphorus were independently associated with higher FGF‐23 levels. Higher FGF‐23 was independently associated with a lower memory score (per doubling of FGF‐23, β = −0.08 SD [95% confidence interval, CI: −0.16, −0.01]) and highest quartile vs. lowest quartile (β = −0.42 SD [−0.82, −0.02]). There was no definite association of FGF 23 with executive function when examined as a continuous variable (β = −0.03 SD [−0.10, 0.04]); however, there was a trend in the quartile analysis (β = −0.28 SD [−0.63, 0.07], P = 0.13, for 4th quartile vs. 1st quartile). FGF‐23 was associated with worse performance on a composite memory score, including after adjustment for measures of mineral metabolism. High FGF‐23 levels in hemodialysis patients may contribute to cognitive impairment.
HLA‐G polymorphism and breast cancer
Authors: Rolfsen G. B. , Castelli E. C. , Donadi E. A. , Duarte R. A. , Soares C. P. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryThe aim of this study was to explore a possible influence of the HLA‐G coding polymorphisms on the susceptibility to breast cancer development in Brazilian subjects; however, none of the HLA‐G variation sites evaluated was influencing breast cancer susceptibility indicating that the variation in the HLA‐G coding region is not a risk factor for breast cancer.
Case of mumps orchitis after vaccination
Authors: Kanda Takayoshi , Mochida Junichi , Takada Shogo , Hori Yutaro , Yamaguchi Kenya , Takahashi Satoru 
Published: October 2013

Abstract: We present a case of mumps orchitis after vaccination. A 35‐year‐old man visited the emergency unit of our hospital for fever and right testicular pain on 7 January 2012. Two weeks before the visit, he underwent vaccination for mumps. After 7 days of hospitalization, the patient recovered from fever and testicular pain. Scrotal magnetic resonance imaging suggested right orchitis, and an increased level of serum mumps immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G indicated an initial infection of mumps virus. The peak value of immunoglobulin G showed 106 enzyme immunoassay unit 5 weeks after vaccination, which was 10‐fold higher than the ordinary rise of a vaccinated individual. This fact leads to two possibilities. One is this happened as an adverse event of vaccination, and the other is that he actually had a wild‐type infection at the same time as vaccination. There are some reports regarding adverse events of mumps vaccine; however, they might include wild‐type infection.