bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protecting Unborn and Newborn Babies
Authors: Masson Judith , Dickens Jonathan 
Published: September 2014

Legal action to separate newborn babies from their parents is regarded as ‘draconian’ by the courts and subject to intense scrutiny. This paper outlines current legal and social work issues relating to such intervention and discusses the potential benefits of the ‘pre‐proceedings process’ to address them. This process enables parents to have legal representation in a discussion with children's services when care proceedings are contemplated. The paper reports the findings of recent socio‐legal research by the authors into the use of the process in England and Wales. In six local authorities, 30 per cent of 120 cases where the pre‐proceedings process was used related to unborn babies; a pre‐proceedings letter was sent in 75 per cent of unborn baby cases where care proceedings were considered, compared with 57 per cent of cases overall. The process could help to secure parental cooperation for pre‐birth assessments and short‐term protective arrangements at birth, thus avoiding emergency intervention. Families were diverted from care proceedings in 30 per cent of the cases where this was a possibility. Furthermore, the process was valued by social workers and lawyers as being fairer to parents. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.‘This process enables parents to have legal representation in a discussion with children's services’Key Practitioner Messages:

Local children's safeguarding boards should be more aware of the pre‐proceedings process.
Local authorities should use the pre‐proceedings process in accordance with guidance.
Protecting babies requires thorough assessment, good planning and timely decisions.
Early use of the pre‐proceedings process in pre‐birth cases assists assessment and planning.
More efforts are required to involve fathers in the pre‐proceedings process.
The pre‐proceedings process can divert cases from care proceedings.‘Local children's safeguarding boards should be more aware of the pre‐proceedings process’
Basis enrichment and solid–fluid coupling for model‐reduced fluid simulation
Authors: Gerszewski Dan , Kavan Ladislav , Sloan Peter‐Pike , Bargteil Adam W. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWe present several enhancements to model‐reduced fluid simulation that allow improved simulation bases and two‐way solid–fluid coupling. Specifically, we present a basis enrichment scheme that allows us to combine data‐driven or artistically derived bases with more general analytic bases derived from Laplacian eigenfunctions. We handle two‐way solid–fluid coupling in a time‐splitting fashion—we alternately timestep the fluid and rigid body simulators, while taking into account the effects of the fluid on the rigid bodies and vice versa. We employ the vortex panel method to handle solid–fluid coupling and use dynamic pressure to compute the effect of the fluid on rigid bodies. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design and Synthesis of New Hybrid Molecules That Activate the Transcription Factor Nrf2 and Simultaneously Release Carbon Monoxide
Authors: Wilson Jayne Louise , Fayad Kobeissi Sarah , Oudir Souhila , Haas Benjamin , Michel Brian , Dubois Randé Jean‐Luc , Ollivier Anthony , Martens Thierry , Rivard Michael , Motterlini Roberto , Foresti Roberta 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe transcription factor Nrf2 and its downstream target heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) are essential protective systems against oxidative stress and inflammation. The products of HO‐1 enzymatic activity, biliverdin and carbon monoxide (CO), actively contribute to this protection, suggesting that exploitation of these cellular systems may offer new therapeutic avenues in a variety of diseases. Starting from a CO‐releasing compound and a chemical scaffold exhibiting electrophilic characteristics (esters of fumaric acid), we report the synthesis of hybrid molecules that simultaneously activate Nrf2 and liberate CO. These hybrid compounds, which we termed “HYCOs”, release CO to myoglobin and activate the CO‐sensitive fluorescent probe COP‐1, while also potently inducing nuclear accumulation of Nrf2 and HO‐1 expression and activity in different cell types. Thus, we provide here the first example of a new class of pharmacologically active molecules that target the HO‐1 pathway by combining an Nrf2 activator coordinated to a CO‐releasing group.
Chlorination of Two Isomers of C86 Fullerene: Molecular Structures of C86(16)Cl16, C86(17)Cl18, C86(17)Cl20, and C86(17)Cl22
Authors: Yang Shangfeng , Wei Tao , Troyanov Sergey I. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractChlorination of a mixture of C86 isomers no. 16 (Cs) and no. 17 (C2) with VCl4 or a (TiCl4+Br2) mixture afforded crystalline chlorides with 16 to 22 Cl atoms per fullerene cage. Single crystal X‐ray diffraction with the use of synchrotron radiation enabled us to determine the chlorination patterns of C86(16)Cl16, C86(17)Cl18, C86(17)Cl20, and C86(17)Cl22. At these degrees of chlorination, addition patterns of C86(16) and C86(17) chlorides have some features in common, owing to the close similarity in the cage structures of both isomers. The average energy of CCl bonds decreases with increasing number of attached Cl atoms.
Effect of surfactant on the dynamics of a crude oil droplet in water column: Experimental and numerical investigation
Authors: Rao Abhijit , Reddy Rupesh K. , Ehrenhauser Franz , Nandakumar Krishnaswamy , Thibodeaux Louis J. , Rao Dandina , Valsaraj Kalliat T. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIn this study we have investigated the effect of surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), on the dynamics of a single crude oil droplet, rising in a quiescent water column. Experiments were conducted in a tank, in which an oil droplet was released into a stagnant water column through a nozzle. The droplets ranging from 0.3 to 0.85 cm were produced from three different sized nozzles. The shape adopted by the emanating droplets varied from spherical to oblate. SDS concentrations were varied from 0 to 750 ppm in water. The adsorption of surfactant reduced the interfacial tension at oil‐water interface which resulted in generation of smaller sized droplets at the nozzle and caused the droplet to flatten. Consequently, the rise velocities of droplets decreased.A numerical model based on finite volume method was developed using commercial CFD package ANSYS Fluent®. The model employed volume of fluid method, suggested by Hirt and Nichols (Journal of Computational Physics 1981, 39, 201), with an interface reconstruction technique based on piecewise linear representation for tracking the oil‐water interface. The influence of surface tension on the droplet dynamics was captured by including Continuum Surface force (CSF) approach suggested by Brackbill, Kothe, and Zemach (Journal of Computational Physics 1992, 100, 335). The shape and rise velocities predicted from model were in good agreement with experimental data. The results from simulations were used, to analyze the wake structure and pressure distribution around the droplet. It was found that the smaller droplets which ascended in rectilinear path were associated with an axisymmetric wakes whereas larger and intermediate sized droplets in high SDS concentration wobbled as they ascended because of asymmetric wakes.
Development of a thermodynamic model of aqueous solution suited for foods and biological media. Part A: Prediction of activity coefficients in aqueous mixtures containing electrolytes
Authors: Toure Oumar , Audonnet Fabrice , Lebert André , Dussap Claude‐Gilles 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIn food and biological processes, aqueous complexes cover a wide diversity of species and the presence of several phases. The modelling of such processes must take into account these specificities, which require a generalization of the existing thermodynamic models of aqueous solutions. The chemical potential (the molar Gibbs free energy) of a given compound is an important variable to characterize the physical‐chemical properties at equilibrium. Its value depends on two parameters: the Gibbs free energy of formation and the activity coefficient. Both are linked to a chosen reference state. Then, the main thermodynamic modelling task consists in the prediction and/or the collection of formation properties data and in the development of a predictive model of activity coefficients.This work introduces a new prediction tool of activity coefficients of electrolytes in {water‐salt} systems. This tool is based on an extension of the COSMO‐RS method towards the representation of the thermodynamic equilibrium properties of charged species. For this purpose, the long‐range interactions between ions are taken in account by a Pitzer‐Debye‐Hückel term. The resulting model called “COSMO‐RS‐PDHS” is then fully predictive.
A Novel Efficient Ligand in Anionic Polymerization at Elevated Temperature
Authors: Chen Bo , Wang Jiming , Shu Minze , Zou Bin , Guan Yong , Zheng Anna 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis work confirmed a novel ligand in the anionic polymerization, lithium phenoxide, which helped to improve the controllability of the polymerization. The stability of n‐BuLi against THF at 0°C was effectively improved by adding lithium phenoxide. More than 60% n‐BuLi in THF was alive with the presence of lithium phenoxide after stirring at 0°C for 20 min, compared to 2% under same conditions but without lithium phenoxide. The propagation of polymerization of styrene (St) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) were retarded after adding lithium phenoxide. And by adding more than 10 fold lithium phenoxide, completed conversion was achieved in the polymerization of MMA in THF at 0°C. The lithium phenoxide showed both promoting and inhibiting effects in the polymerization of isoprene (Ip): it promoted the formation of 3,4‐structure, while mitigated the formation of 1,2‐ and 1,4‐structures. In general, the polymerization rate of Ip was promoted by lithium phenoxide.
A Facile and Practical Process for the Synthesis of Polysubstituted Furans from Alkynes Using Atmospheric Oxygen as a Terminal Oxidant
Authors: Xu Jingxiu , Song Xingdong , Zhao Jinwu 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWe present here a facile and practical procedure for the synthesis of tetrasubstituted furans from alkynes catalyzed by palladium acetate together with cupric acetate in acetic acid, using atmospheric oxygen as a terminal oxidant. Various internal aromatic alkynes afforded the target furans in satisfactory yield.
Visible‐Light Photocatalytic Conversion of Carbon Dioxide into Methane Using Cu2O/TiO2 Hollow Nanospheres
Authors: Bi Feng , Ehsan Muhammad Fahad , Liu Wei , He Tao 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIn the past few decades there has been a remarkable rise in the study of visible‐light photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) into value‐added chemicals such as methane (CH4) with water as reducing agent in order to prevent global warming and energy crisis. However, so far the conversion efficiency leaves much to be enhanced under sunlight irradiation. In this work, Cu2O hollow nanospheres were synthesized via soft‐template method and were combined with TiO2 through in‐situ hydrolysis of Ti(OBu)4 under sonication. The obtained photocatalysts of Cu2O and Cu2O/TiO2 composite were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, UV‐visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Compared to Cu2O hollow nanospheres, the Cu2O/TiO2 composite exhibited higher efficiency in photocatalytic reduction of CO2 into CH4 under visible‐light irradiation (λ⪖420 nm). This is because of the formation of a p‐n heterojunction in the composites, resulting in efficient suppression of recombination of the photogenerated electrons and holes as well as an improved stability of the catalyst and, thereby, the improved visible‐light photocatalytic activity.
Major Electrocardiographic Abnormalities and 25‐Hydroxy Vitamin D Deficiency: Insights from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey‐III
Authors: Tuliani Tushar A. , Shenoy Maithili , Deshmukh Abhishek , Rathod Ankit , Pant Sadip , Badheka Apurva O. , Levine Diane , Afonso Luis 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackgroundWe explored the relationship between major electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormalities (mECG) and 25‐hydroxy (25‐OH) vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and the effect of mECG abnormalities on all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality in a healthy cohort with 25‐OH vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency.HypothesisLower levels of serum 25‐OH vitamin D are associated with increased prevalence of mECG on resting ECG.MethodsWe identified 5108 individuals from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey‐III. mECG abnormalities included: major Q‐QS wave abnormalities, ST depression/elevation, negative T waves, Wolff‐Parkinson‐White pattern, and ventricular conduction defect. Our cohort was divided into 3 groups based on 25‐OH vitamin D levels: Group 1 (referent): >40 ng/mL; group 2 (insufficient): ≥20.01 to ≤40 ng/mL; and group 3 (deficient): ≤20 ng/mL. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards regression models were built.ResultsThe prevalence of major ECG abnormalities across 25‐OH vitamin D sufficiency, insufficiency, and deficiency was 5.9%, 11%, and 13 %, respectively (P = 0.01). VDD was an independent predictor of mECG abnormalities after adjusting for traditional risk factors (continuous variable odds ratio [OR]: 0.98, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.97‐0.99, P = 0.007; categorical variable group 3 vs group 1 OR: 2.36, 95% CI: 1.1‐5.12, P = 0.03). Baseline major ECG abnormalities were predictive of long‐term all‐cause (hazard ratio [HR]:1.52, 95% CI: 1.23‐1.89), composite cardiovascular (HR: 1.7, 95% CI: 1.34‐2.15), cardiovascular (HR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.27‐2.12), and ischemic heart disease mortality (HR: 1.98, 95% CI: 1.46‐2.69) in individuals with 25‐OH vitamin D levels ≤40 ng/mL.ConclusionsVDD is associated with increased prevalence of major ECG abnormalities. Well‐structured trials are needed to assess progression/resolution of mECG abnormalities with vitamin D supplementation in deficient individuals.
Phase II, multicenter, randomized trial of CPX‐351 (cytarabine:daunorubicin) liposome injection versus intensive salvage therapy in adults with first relapse AML
Authors: Cortes Jorge E. , Goldberg Stuart L. , Feldman Eric J. , Rizzeri David A. , Hogge Donna E. , Larson Melissa , Pigneux Arnaud , Recher Christian , Schiller Gary , Warzocha Krzysztof , Kantarjian Hagop , Louie Arthur C. , Kolitz Jonathan E. 
Published: September 2014

BACKGROUNDCPX‐351 is a liposome‐encapsulated fixed‐molar‐ratio formulation of cytarabine and daunorubicin that exploits molar ratio–dependent drug‐drug synergy to enhance antileukemic efficacy.METHODSThis phase II study randomized 125 patients 2:1 to CPX‐351 or investigators' choice of first salvage chemotherapy. Patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in first relapse after initial Complete Remission (CR) lasting ≥1 month were stratified per the European Prognostic Index (EPI) into favorable, intermediate, and poor‐risk groups based on duration of first CR, cytogenetics, age, and transplant history. Control salvage treatment was usually based on cytarabine and anthracycline, often with 1 or more additional agents. Survival at 1 year was the primary efficacy end point.RESULTSPatient characteristics were well balanced between the 2 study arms. Improvements in efficacy outcomes were observed following CPX‐351, but did not meet prospectively defined statistical criteria for 1‐year survival improvement in the overall population. Subset analyses of the EPI‐defined poor‐risk strata demonstrated higher response rates (39.3% vs 27.6%) and improvements in event‐free survival (HR, 0.63; P = .08) and overall survival (HR, 0.55; P = .02). Also, 60‐day mortality was lower in the CPX‐351 study arm for poor‐risk patients (16.1% vs 24.1%).CONCLUSIONSTaken together, the data suggest possible improved outcomes in CPX‐351‐treated first relapse AML patients with EPI‐defined poor‐risk disease. Cancer 2015;121:234–42. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Polymerase ɛ (POLE) mutations in endometrial cancer: Clinical outcomes and implications for Lynch syndrome testing
Authors: Billingsley Caroline C. , Cohn David E. , Mutch David G. , Stephens Julie A. , Suarez Adrian A. , Goodfellow Paul J. 
Published: September 2014

BACKGROUNDDNA polymerase ɛ (POLE) exonuclease domain mutations characterize a subtype of endometrial cancer (EC) with a markedly increased somatic mutational burden. POLE‐mutant tumors were described as a molecular subtype with improved progression‐free survival by The Cancer Genome Atlas. In this study, the frequency, spectrum, prognostic significance, and potential clinical application of POLE mutations were investigated in patients with endometrioid EC.METHODSPolymerase chain reaction amplification and Sanger sequencing were used to test for POLE mutations in 544 tumors. Correlations between demographic, survival, clinicopathologic, and molecular features were investigated. Statistical tests were 2‐sided.RESULTSThirty POLE mutations (5.6%) were identified. Mutations were associated with younger age (<60 years; P=.001). POLE mutations were detected in tumors with microsatellite stability (MSS) and microsatellite instability (MSI) at similar frequencies (5.9% and 5.2%, respectively) and were most common in tumors with MSI that lacked mutL homolog 1 (MLH1) methylation (P<.001). There was no association with progression‐free survival (hazard ratio, 0.22; P=.127).CONCLUSIONSThe discovery that mutations occur with equal frequency in MSS and MSI tumors and are most frequent in MSI tumors lacking MLH1 methylation has implications for Lynch syndrome screening and mutation testing. The current results indicate that POLE mutations are associated with somatic mutation in DNA mismatch repair genes in a subset of tumors. The absence of an association between POLE mutation and progression‐free survival indicates that POLE mutation status is unlikely to be a clinically useful prognostic marker. However, POLE testing in MSI ECs could serve as a marker of somatic disease origin. Therefore, POLE tumor testing may be a valuable exclusionary criterion for Lynch syndrome gene testing. Cancer 2015;121:386–394. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Background and foreground interaction: Influence of complementary colors on the search task
Authors: Deeb Rasha , Ooms Kristien , Brychtová Alžbĕta , Van Eetvelde Veerle , De Maeyer Philippe 
Published: September 2014

AbstractLabels are indispensable visual (communication) elements that completely deliver the geospatial message of maps. The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of complementary colors between the map's background and text on the readability of cartographic texts and thus on the efficiency of the map user's search task. This is compared with the use of the “traditional” black labels on the corresponding colored backgrounds. Furthermore, a number of user characteristics, such as gender and expertise, are taken into account as well. The users' eye movements were registered to study their attentive behavior during the visual search task. In addition to the complement of the color's hue, the analyses were based on the difference in luminance, which could also affect the labels' readability. The difference between the black and colored label design was significantly different versus the eye‐tracking metrics. A correlation was found between the color difference and reaction time measurement and between the luminance difference and fixation duration. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 40, 437–445, 2015
Guidelines for the nomenclature of genetic elements in tunicate genomes
Authors: Stolfi Alberto , Sasakura Yasunori , Chalopin Domitille , Satou Yutaka , Christiaen Lionel , Dantec Christelle , Endo Toshinori , Naville Magali , Nishida Hiroki , Swalla Billie J. , Volff Jean‐Nicolas , Voskoboynik Ayelet , Dauga Delphine , Lemaire Patrick 
Published: September 2014

SummaryTunicates are invertebrate members of the chordate phylum, and are considered to be the sister group of vertebrates. Tunicates are composed of ascidians, thaliaceans, and appendicularians. With the advent of inexpensive high‐throughput sequencing, the number of sequenced tunicate genomes is expected to rise sharply within the coming years. To facilitate comparative genomics within the tunicates, and between tunicates and vertebrates, standardized rules for the nomenclature of tunicate genetic elements need to be established. Here we propose a set of nomenclature rules, consensual within the community, for predicted genes, pseudogenes, transcripts, operons, transcriptional cis‐regulatory regions, transposable elements, and transgenic constructs. In addition, the document proposes guidelines for naming transgenic and mutant lines. genesis 53:65–78, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Interference‐Free Electrochemical Detection of Nanomolar Dopamine Using Doped Polypyrrole and Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Saha Suparna , Sarkar Priyabrata , Turner Anthony P. F. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis paper presents a new approach to detect dopamine in nanomolar range using an electrochemical sensor utilizing a composite made of chitosan‐stabilized silver nanoparticles and p‐toluene sulfonic acid‐doped ultrathin polypyrrole film. Studies included cyclic voltammogram, amperometry, differential pulse voltammetry and also investigation by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. A detection limit of 0.58 nM was achieved in the linear range 1×10−9 M to 1.2×10−7 M. High sensitivity towards DA, good reproducibility and long‐term stability have been demonstrated without interference from ascorbic acid, uric acid, epinephrine, L‐dopa, glucose. The sensing system was successfully applied for quantitative determination of dopamine in commercially available human blood serum.
Evaluation of potential cationic probes for the detection of proline and betaine
Authors: Kalsoom Umme , Breadmore Michael C. , Guijt Rosanne M. , Boyce Mary C. 
Published: September 2014

Osmoregulants are the substances that help plants to tolerate environmental extremes such as salinity and drought. Proline and betaine are two of the most commonly studied osmoregulants. An indirect UV CE method has been developed for simultaneous determination of these osmoregulants. A variety of reported probes and compounds were examined as potential probes for the indirect detection of proline and betaine. Mobility and UV‐absorption properties highlighted sulfanilamide as a potential probe for indirect analysis of proline and betaine. Using 5 mM sulfanilamide at pH 2.2 with UV detection at 254 nm, proline and betaine were separated in less than 15 min. The LODs for proline and betaine were 11.6 and 28.3 μM, respectively. The developed method was successfully applied to quantification of these two osmoregulants in spinach and beetroot samples.