bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revised Staging Classification Improves Outcome Prediction for Small Intestinal Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: Kim Michelle Kang , Warner Richard R.P. , Roayaie Sasan , Harpaz Noam , Ward Stephen C. , Itzkowitz Steven , Wisnivesky Juan P. 
Published: September 2013

Purpose Small intestinal (SI) neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) have heterogeneous outcomes. The NET societies have recently proposed a TNM staging classification. In this study, we used population-based data to assess the validity of the staging system. Patients and Methods We identified patients with SI-NETS diagnosed between 1988 and 2009 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry. We used Kaplan-Meier analysis to assess disease-specific survival according to TNM status. Cox models were constructed to evaluate differences in prognosis after controlling for potential confounders. Results We identified 6,792 patients with SI-NET. Although the current staging system was predictive of prognosis, there was overlap among some groups (stage I/IIA, P = .36; stage IIB/IIIB, P = .70). Additionally, stage IIIB patients had better survival than stage IIIA patients (P < .001). Adjusted analyses showed similar outcomes for T1 versus T2 disease (hazard ratio [HR], 1.02; 95% CI, 0.63 to 1.66). Patients with T3 (HR, 3.60; 95% CI, 2.28 to 5.69) and T4 (HR, 5.50; 95% CI, 3.42 to 8.86) tumors had significantly worse survival than patients with T1 disease. N1 involvement conferred worse survival in T1 (HR, 3.08; 95% CI, 1.75 to 5.44) and T2 disease (HR, 2.73; 95% CI, 1.84 to 4.07) but not in T3 (HR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.76 to 1.30) or T4 (HR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.71 to 1.35) disease. A revised classification showed no overlap in survival across groups. Conclusion Progressively more advanced T status is associated with worse SI-NET prognosis. Regional lymph node involvement is a marker of worse survival only among patients with T1 or T2 status. These results suggest that revisions to the current staging classification may be helpful.
Celebrity Endorsements, Firm Value, and Reputation Risk: Evidence from the Tiger Woods Scandal
Authors: Knittel Christopher R. , Stango Victor 
Published: September 2013

We estimate the stock market effects of the Tiger Woods scandal on his sponsors and sponsors' competitors. In the 10–15 trading days after the onset of the scandal, the full portfolio of sponsors lost more than 2% of market value, with losses concentrated among the core three sponsors: Electronic Arts, Nike, and PepsiCo (Gatorade). Sponsors' day-by-day losses correlate strongly with Google search intensity regarding the endorsement-related impact of the scandal, as well as with qualitative indicators of “endorsement-related news.” At least some sponsors' losses were competitors' gains, suggesting that endorsement deals are partially a business-stealing strategy. However, competitors who were themselves celebrity endorsement intensive fared relatively worse than those who were not endorsement intensive, and that difference also correlates day by day with news/search intensity regarding the scandal. It appears that the scandal sent a negative marketwide signal about the reputation risk associated with celebrity endorsements. This paper was accepted by Pradeep Chintagunta, marketing.
Pareto Efficiency in Robust Optimization
Authors: Iancu Dan A. , Trichakis Nikolaos 
Published: September 2013

This paper formalizes and adapts the well-known concept of Pareto efficiency in the context of the popular robust optimization (RO) methodology for linear optimization problems. We argue that the classical RO paradigm need not produce solutions that possess the associated property of Pareto optimality, and we illustrate via examples how this could lead to inefficiencies and suboptimal performance in practice. We provide a basic theoretical characterization of Pareto robustly optimal (PRO) solutions and extend the RO framework by proposing practical methods that verify Pareto optimality and generate solutions that are PRO. Critically important, our methodology involves solving optimization problems that are of the same complexity as the underlying robust problems; hence, the potential improvements from our framework come at essentially limited extra computational cost. We perform numerical experiments drawn from three different application areas (portfolio optimization, inventory management, and project management), which demonstrate that PRO solutions have a significant potential upside compared with solutions obtained using classical RO methods. This paper was accepted by Gérard P. Cachon, optimization.
Horizontal Mergers in Multitier Decentralized Supply Chains
Authors: Cho Soo-Haeng 
Published: September 2013

The well-known economic theory predicts that consumer price will fall after a horizontal merger when the amount of marginal cost reduction from operating synergies exceeds the premerger markup of a merging firm. However, when a horizontal merger occurs in a multitier decentralized supply chain where a finite number of firms compete at each tier, we show that this result holds only when a merger occurs at the tier that acts as the leader in the supply chain. In this supply chain, a horizontal merger at any other tier will decrease consumer price when the cost reduction exceeds a certain threshold that is larger than the premerger markup. Moreover, this threshold is increasing as the supply chain gets longer and can be substantially larger than the premerger markup. When accounting for subsequent entry after a merger in long-run equilibrium, contrary to a common belief, a larger synergy from a merger does not necessarily benefit consumers more. This paper was accepted by Yossiv Aviv, operations management.
Cannabinoids in Exhaled Breath following Controlled Administration of Smoked Cannabis
Authors: Himes Sarah K , Scheidweiler Karl B , Beck Olof , Gorelick David A , Desrosiers Nathalie A , Huestis Marilyn A 
Published: September 2013

BACKGROUND
Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), 11-nor-9-carboxy-THC (THCCOOH), and cannabinol (CBN) were measured in breath following controlled cannabis smoking to characterize the time course and windows of detection of breath cannabinoids.

METHODS
Exhaled breath was collected from chronic (≥4 times per week) and occasional (&lt;twice per week) smokers before and after smoking a 6.8% THC cigarette. Sample analysis included methanol extraction from breath pads, solid-phase extraction, and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry quantification.

RESULTS
THC was the major cannabinoid in breath; no sample contained THCCOOH and only 1 contained CBN. Among chronic smokers (n = 13), all breath samples were positive for THC at 0.89 h, 76.9% at 1.38 h, and 53.8% at 2.38 h, and only 1 sample was positive at 4.2 h after smoking. Among occasional smokers (n = 11), 90.9% of breath samples were THC-positive at 0.95 h and 63.6% at 1.49 h. One occasional smoker had no detectable THC. Analyte recovery from breath pads by methanolic extraction was 84.2%–97.4%. Limits of quantification were 50 pg/pad for THC and CBN and 100 pg/pad for THCCOOH. Solid-phase extraction efficiency was 46.6%–52.1% (THC) and 76.3%–83.8% (THCCOOH, CBN). Matrix effects were −34.6% to 12.3%. Cannabinoids fortified onto breath pads were stable (≤18.2% concentration change) for 8 h at room temperature and −20°C storage for 6 months.

CONCLUSIONS
Breath may offer an alternative matrix for identifying recent driving under the influence of cannabis, but currently sensitivity is limited to a short detection window (0.5–2 h).
Effect of Tin on Hot Ductility and High-temperature Oxidation Behavior of 20CrMnTi Steel
Authors: Peng Hong-bing , Chen Wei-qing , Chen Lie , Guo Dong 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe hot ductility and high-temperature oxidation behavior of 20CrMnTi steel with 0.02% Cu and x% Sn (0.004 ⩽ x ⩽ 0.049) were investigated. The results show that tin has no significant effect on tensile strength of sample with less than 0.049% Sn. The critical temperature where the hot ductility reduces dramatically rises with the increase of tin content while the hot ductility decreases with its increase. The average tin content at austenite grain boundaries (GB) and substrate is 0.108% and 0.045% respectively in the specimen containing 0.049% tin quenched after heated to 1223 K and held for 600 s. Sn-segregation at the GB deteriorates the hot ductility. There is no direct relationship between the cause of the ductility trough and tin. However, Sn-segregation at the GB causes it to deepen a lot. The tin content should be controlled below 0.021%, which would not deteriorate the hot ductility significantly. There is no tin-enrichment at the scale/substrate interface when tin content is less than 0.049%. Moreover, although Sn is enriched under the steel surface, any liquid Sn-enrichment wasn't observed at the oxide/steel interface even in as high as 0.45% Sn-bearing steel with 0.02% Cu.
Solubility of Bismuth in Liquid Bi-S Based Free Cutting Steel
Authors: Liu Haitao , Chen Weiqing , Li Wenying , Yu Yanchong 
Published: September 2013

AbstractSolubility of bismuth in liquid Bi-S based free cutting steel was measured using a vapor-liquid equilibration method at 1540–1600 °C, and the recovery rate of bismuth in the steel with different temperatures under an atmospheric pressure was also measured. The results showed that the solubility of bismuth in liquid Bi-S based free cutting steel from experiment under a constant volume at 1540, 1560, 1580, and 1600 °C were 0.174, 0.181, 0.205, and 0.220 mass%, respectively, and the relationship of bismuth solubility vs. temperature could be expressed as lg[%Bi] = −6049/T + 2.572. Meanwhile, the solubility of bismuth increased with the increase of Mn content, but decreased with the increase of C content. The recovery of bismuth in this experiment reached a maximum when the temperature was at bismuth boiling point or so, and then it was decreased with the increase of temperature when the temperature was above 1560 °C, which might be attributed to the accelerating of bismuth evaporation that were caused by the increase of bismuth equilibrium partial pressure above the surface of the molten steel with increasing temperature.
Defect Structure of the NiS2 Disulphide
Authors: Poczekajlo A. , Grzesik Z. , Mrowec S. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractDefect structure of NiS2 disulphide has been studied using marker technique and sulphidation rate measurements of NiS to NiS2, as a function of temperature and sulphur vapor pressure. It has been found that cation sublattice of the discussed compound is predominantly disordered and the prevailing defects are doubly ionized interstitial cations and quasi-free electrons. Using kinetic results, the self-diffusion coefficient of cations in NiS2 has been calculated basing on Wagner's theory of metal oxidation.
A Catfish Effect Inspired Harmony Search Algorithm for Optimization
Authors: Zhang Lipu , Xu Yinghong , Xu Guanghui , Gong Shicai 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
This paper describes a Catfish Effect inspired harmony search algorithm. In the algorithm, two equal size harmony memories (HM) are used to cover all the variable range, and the new harmony is generated from each history one or from the whole possible solution set, following some probability rule. After the new harmony is obtained, the worst harmony in one HM will be evaluated by the new and the best harmony in the other HM, respectively. Which means that a better harmony has the effect that causing the weak HM to better themselves. These procedures proceed on until the near-optimal solution vector is obtained. Numerical comparisons of the new algorithm with several existing harmony search algorithms are presented based on some standard benchmark optimization problems from CEC2005. The results show that the new algorithm is quite promising.
Bullied Children and Psychosomatic Problems: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Gini Gianluca , Pozzoli Tiziana 
Published: September 2013

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
A previous meta-analysis showed that being bullied during childhood is related to psychosomatic problems, but many other studies have been published since then, including some longitudinal studies. We performed a new meta-analysis to quantify the association between peer victimization and psychosomatic complaints in the school-aged population.

METHODS:
We searched online databases up to April 2012, and bibliographies of retrieved studies and of narrative reviews, for studies that examined the association between being bullied and psychosomatic complaints in children and adolescents. The original search identified 119 nonduplicated studies, of which 30 satisfied the prestated inclusion criteria.

RESULTS:
Two separate random effects meta-analyses were performed on 6 longitudinal studies (odds ratio = 2.39, 95% confidence interval, 1.76 to 3.24) and 24 cross-sectional studies (odds ratio = 2.17, 95% confidence interval, 1.91 to 2.46), respectively. Results showed that bullied children and adolescents have a significantly higher risk for psychosomatic problems than non-bullied agemates. In the cross-sectional studies, the magnitude of effect size significantly decreased with the increase of the proportion of female participants in the study sample. No other moderators were statistically significant.

CONCLUSIONS:
The association between being bullied and psychosomatic problems was confirmed. Given that school bullying is a widespread phenomenon in many countries around the world, the present results indicate that bullying should be considered a significant international public health problem.
Changes in Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics of Cervical Cancer in the People's Republic of China: A Study of 10,012 Cases From a Nationwide Working Group
Authors: Li Shuang , Hu Ting , Lv Weiguo , Zhou Hang , Li Xiong , Yang Ru , Jia Yao , Huang Kecheng , Chen Zhilan , Wang Shaoshuai , Tang FangXu , Zhang Qinghua , Shen Jian , Zhou Jin , Xi Ling , Deng Dongrui , Wang Hui , Wang Shixuan , Xie Xing , Ma Ding 
Published: September 2013

Learning Objective
Evaluate the changes in prevalence and clinical characteristics of cervical cancer in China.
Characterization of Waste Density in a Bioreactor Landfill via Microgravity and Settlement Analysis
Authors: Harris Kyle , Samson Claire , van Geel Paul 
Published: September 2013

Optimizing the utilization of landfill airspace and production of biogas for use as an energy source relies on an understanding of the compaction, settlement, and stabilization of waste over time. A higher degree of compaction reduces the landfill footprint; however, it may not provide the optimal conditions for bacteria development and waste stabilization. This article reports on a research project piloting the use of repeated microgravity surveys to characterize variations in waste density in space and time in a bioreactor landfill. Over the duration of three years, four microgravity surveys were conducted on a new cell at a bioreactor landfill in Sainte-Sophie, Quebec, Canada, as it was gradually filled with waste up to a height of 25 m. After each survey, waste density values were extracted by comparing current gravity data with previous data from lower elevations. For accurate density computations, a settlement model was applied to estimate the degree to which waste had settled over time. This model was derived from settlement data recorded by two gauges buried in the waste column. The density values obtained from the microgravity surveys were 1.35 ± 0.31 g/cm3 in the first waste slab (between surveys 1 and 2), 1.44 ± 0.22 g/cm3 and 1.20 ± 0.25 g/cm3 in the second waste slab in the northeast and southwest ends of the cell, respectively (between surveys 1 and 3). In these cases, the microgravity and conventional air utilization factor (AUF) waste densities agreed within 3% when settlement gauges were within 90 m from the survey area. For the third waste slab (between surveys 1 and 4), the densities derived from microgravity decreased to 1.15 ± 0.28 g/cm3 and 1.12 ± 0.15 g/cm3 in the northeast and southwest ends of the cell, respectively. This decrease might be associated with water drainage.
Is There a Place for High-Reliability Organizations in Drilling?
Authors: Thorogood J.L.. L. 
Published: September 2013

Summary
Research on high-reliability organizations was originally carried out with aircraft carriers and nuclear submarines. Essentially, this involved relatively closed communities, with a high operational tempo at which mistakes could have extremely serious and direct consequences. In these cases, rapid learning was a byproduct of personnel rotation and the need to train successors.
Recent research suggests that high-reliability organizations have five important characteristics: a preoccupation with failure, a reluctance to simplify, sensitivity to operations, resilience, and a respect for expertise. It is not immediately obvious that these qualities are an inherent part of the culture of the organizations that manage drilling operations today. The thesis of this paper is that these five traits taken together can prevent drilling operations from drifting into failures caused by the complexity of the organizations involved in conceptualizing, planning, and executing drilling operations, including the management environment in which they are set.
This paper considers how apparently successful organizations can "drift into failure," in part, as a result of the consequences of organizational complexity. These ideas set the scene for a review of high-reliability-organization theory and suggest ways in which the principles might be applied to the management of drilling operations.
An Integrated Model for History Matching and Predicting Reservoir Performance of Gas/Condensate Wells
Authors: Farid A.M.. M. , El-Banbi Ahmed H. , Abdelwaly A.A.. A. 
Published: September 2013

Summary
The depletion performance of gas/condensate reservoirs is highly influenced by changes in fluid composition below the dewpoint. The long-term prediction of condensate/gas reservoir behavior is therefore difficult because of the complexity of both composition variation and two-phase-flow effects. In this paper, an integrated model was developed to simulate gas-condensate reservoir/well behavior. The model couples the compositional material balance or the generalized material-balance equations for reservoir behavior, the two-phase pseudo integral pressure for near-wellbore behavior, and outflow correlations for wellbore behavior.
An optimization algorithm was also used with the integrated model so it can be used in history-matching mode to estimate original gas in place (OGIP), original oil in place (OOIP), and productivity-index (PI) parameters for gas/condensate wells. The model also can be used to predict the production performance for variable tubinghead pressure (THP) and variable production rate. The model runs fast and requires minimal input.
The developed model was validated by use of different simulation cases generated with a commercial compositional reservoir simulator for a variety of reservoir and well conditions. The results show a good agreement between the simulation cases and the integrated model. After validating the integrated model against the simulated cases, the model was used to analyze production data for a rich-gas/condensate field (initial condensate/gas ratio of 180 bbl/ MMscf). THP data for four wells were used along with basic reservoir and production data to obtain original fluids in place and PIs of the wells. The estimated parameters were then used to forecast the gas and condensate production above and below the dewpoint. The model is also capable of predicting reservoir pressure, bottomhole flowing pressure, and THP and can account for completion changes when they occur.
The Use of Electromagnetic Mixing Rules for Petrophysical Evaluation of Dual- and Triple-Porosity Reservoirs
Authors: Olusola Bukola K. , Yu Guang , Aguilera Roberto 
Published: September 2013

Summary
Electromagnetic mixing rules such as the Maxwell-Gamett rule, the Bruggeman equation, and the coherent-potential formula, are shown to be useful for the evaluation of the porosity exponent m in naturally fractured reservoirs represented by dual- and tripleporosity models. Comparisons are made with core data from limestone, dolomite, and tight gas reservoirs to corroborate results from the theoretical models.
Rigorous values of m reduce the uncertainty in the calculated values of water saturation and, thus, improve the estimates of hydrocarbons in place and recoveries, particularly in situations in which sufficient data are not available to use the material-balance approach.
The main advantage of the new method developed in this paper for petrophysical analysis is that it can handle, with the use of a single equation, the individual mixing rules previously mentioned, and at the same time, depending on the availability of data, it can quantify the values of matrix, fracture, and nonconnected-vug porosity, and the porosity exponent of the total porosity system.
It is concluded that electromagnetic mixing rules provide a useful methodology for the petrophysical evaluation of complex dual- and triple-porosity reservoirs.
Unique Solution to Repair Casing Failure in a HP/HT Wellbore Allows for Successful Multistage Stimulation Treatment in an Unconventional Reservoir
Authors: Wellhoefer B.. , Stegent N.. , Tunstall M.. , Veillette C.. , Frazier G.. 
Published: September 2013

Summary
Horizontal shale completions require multistage high-pressure hydraulic-fracturing stimulation treatments to deliver commercially viable production in low-permeability reservoirs. Unconventional shale plays, such as the Eagle Ford shale and Haynesville shale, often can require stimulation treatments that must be implemented in high-pressure, high-temperature (HP/HT) conditions. Typically, these wells are completed with long casing strings, and it is critical that these monobore casing strings withstand high injection pressures as well as maintain mechanical integrity during thermal contraction/expansion. So, what happens when the prefracturing casing-pressure-integrity pressure test fails? What is the "fix" that will allow treatments to be pumped at high pressure and rate? How will fracturing stages be isolated during the completion? Typically, remediation techniques have included everything from casing patches and expandable casing to coiled-tubing completions. Unfortunately, these solutions can have pressure limitations and can also be expensive.
The authors of this paper will discuss how design of a 4-in. tie-back string with flush joint connections equal to the properties of the casing was capable of repairing a 5½-in. monobore production casing that experienced extensive casing failure. The extremely small annular tolerance did not allow a conventional packer assembly or cementing for pressure isolation; thus, swellable-packer technology was used to anchor the casing in place. A special flow-through fracturing plug was designed so that it could be pumped through the 4-in. tieback casing and set in the 4½-in. lateral, allowing a plug-and-perforate fracture completion to be performed. The stimulation treatments were pumped to completion and demonstrated that the pressure isolation integrity of the casing system was satisfactory and that the flow-through fracturing plugs could maintain isolation between stimulation treatments. This wellbore was in the Eagle Ford shale. True vertical depth was approximately 13,000 ft, bottomhole temperature was approximately 325°F with a 0.95-psi/ft fracture gradient, and surface pressures exceeded 10,000 psi during the stimulation treatments.