bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interdisciplinary Care for a Patient with Amelogenesis Imperfecta: A Clinical Report
Authors: Millet Catherine , Duprez Jean‐Pierre , Khoury Christine , Morgon Laurent , Richard Béatrice 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis manuscript describes an interdisciplinary approach over a period of 8 years combining surgical and prosthodontic treatment of a young patient diagnosed with hypocalcified‐type amelogenesis imperfecta and anterior open bite. The treatment procedures included transitional restorations, orthodontic treatment, and maxillofacial surgery with a one‐piece Le Fort I osteotomy, bilateral mandibular osteotomy, and genioplasty. The definitive prosthetic rehabilitation consisted of 28 zirconia‐based ceramic single crowns restoring both esthetics and function. Photographs and radiographs associated with clinical evaluation were used in the maintenance period. Two‐year follow‐up revealed satisfactory results and no deterioration in the restorations.
Change in wing morphology of the European starling during and after colonization of North America
Authors: Bitton P‐P. , Graham B. A. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWhen exposed to a new area and the potential for range expansion, species may quickly evolve morphological traits that allow them to colonize novel habitat. How quickly these changes occur and how long they subsequently persist in the established population has rarely been documented in birds. The European starling has been introduced in a number of areas around the world, including North America where an initially small population was established in 1890 and 1891. Their prolific expansion westward across the continent occurred at a tremendous rate of up to 90 km/year. We hypothesized that the individuals leading the expansion wave had longer and pointier wings because these characteristics are associated with greater juvenile dispersal distances. Therefore, we predicted that successive generations of range expanding birds would display increasing wing length and pointedness. Using museum specimens collected in North America since their introduction, we tested this hypothesis and examined temporal patterns to determine if wing shape changed following the establishment of local populations after the initial colonizing phase. Contrary to our expectations, wing length and shape did not change during the colonization wave. However, the pointedness of European starling wings decreased across the continent by more than 3.8% over the last 120 years. This was caused by an increase in the length of the secondary feathers, not by a decrease in the length of primary feathers. We discuss these results in the context of increased afforestation and urbanization during that time, and the potential benefit of rounder wings for foraging and predator avoidance.
Pretransplant urinary proteome analysis does not predict development of chronic kidney disease after liver transplantation
Authors: Milongo David , Bascands Jean‐Loup , Huart Antoine , Esposito Laure , Breuil Benjamin , Moulos Panagiotis , Siwy Justyna , Ramírez‐Torres Adela , Ribes David , Lavayssière Laurence , Del Bello Arnaud , Muscari Fabrice , Alric Laurent , Bureau Christophe , Rostaing Lionel , Schanstra Joost P , Kamar Nassim 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackground & AimsChronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common complication after liver transplantation. Kidney biopsies cannot be easily performed before liver transplantation to predict patients at high risk for CKD. The aim of our study was to determine whether pre‐, peri‐ and post‐transplant factors, as well as peptides present in preliver transplant urine samples were associated with loss in kidney function at 6 months post‐transplantation using proteome analysis.MethodsEighty patients who underwent a liver transplantation and that had pretransplant glomerular filtration rate (GFR) value of ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m² (MDRD) were included in the study.ResultsGFR decreased significantly after transplantation. At month 6 post‐transplantation, 40 patients displayed a CKD, i.e. eGFR of <60 mL/min/1.73 m², while the other 40 patients did not. Although thousands of peptides were identified, none was significantly associated with the development of CKD at 6 months after liver transplantation. Moreover, using a urinary peptidome classifier to detect preexisting CKD, no difference was found in CKD scores between the 2 groups. After analysis of a large number of pre‐, peri‐ and post‐transplant parameters, viral hepatitis as a cause for liver transplantation was the sole independent predictive factor for CKD. No difference in peptides with differential urinary abundance between patients who received a graft for virus related liver disease vs. all other causes of liver disease was observed.ConclusionUrinary peptidome analysis before liver transplantation failed to identify a peptide pattern associated with the development of CKD at 6 months after liver transplantation.
Influence of food companies' brand mascots and entertainment companies' cartoon media characters on children's diet and health: a systematic review and research needs
Authors: Kraak V. I. , Story M. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryReducing the extent and persuasive power of marketing unhealthy foods to children worldwide are important obesity prevention goals. Research is limited to understand how brand mascots and cartoon media characters influence children's diet. We conducted a systematic review of five electronic databases (2000–2014) to identify experimental studies that measured how food companies' mascots and entertainment companies' media characters influence up to 12 diet‐related cognitive, behavioural and health outcomes for children under 12 years. Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria. Studies used 21 unique popular media characters, but no brand mascots. Results suggest that cartoon media character branding can positively increase children's fruit or vegetable intake compared with no character branding. However, familiar media character branding is a more powerful influence on children's food preferences, choices and intake, especially for energy‐dense and nutrient‐poor foods (e.g. cookies, candy or chocolate) compared with fruits or vegetables. Future research should use a theoretically grounded conceptual model and larger and more diverse samples across settings to produce stronger findings for mediating and moderating factors. Future research can be used to inform the deliberations of policymakers, practitioners and advocates regarding how media character marketing should be used to support healthy food environments for children.
A successful unrelated peripheral blood stem cell transplantation with reduced intensity‐conditioning regimen in a patient with late‐onset purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency
Authors: Celmeli Fatih , Turkkahraman Doga , Uygun Vedat , la Marca Giancarlo , Hershfield Michael , Yesilipek Akif 
Published: December 2014

AbstractPNP deficiency is a rare combined immunodeficiency with autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. The immunodeficiency is progressive with normal immune functions at birth, but then, T‐cell deficiency with variable B‐cell functions usually presents by the age of two yr. The only curative treatment for PNP deficiency is hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Here, we present a 13‐yr‐old girl with late‐onset PNP deficiency. Despite many complications of infections, she was successfully transplanted with a reduced intensity‐conditioning regimen from an HLA‐identical unrelated donor.
Two Forms of Exclusion Mean Two Different Negations
Authors: Silva Marcos 
Published: December 2014

AbstractHere, the logical behaviour of negation in Wittgenstein's Tractatus (1918) is compared with Demos' account of denial (1917). Even if we hold negation as a pure syntactical device, at least in some context, it brings a handful of complex semantic information – potentially an infinite amount (e.g., in the ascription of degrees to empirical qualities or of colours to visual points). We advocate then the existence of at least two negations due to the existence of two different and non‐reducible types of exclusion. The first negation is a Tractarian and classical one, based on the notion of contradiction, whereas the second is a non‐classical negation, based on the notion of contrariety.
Canine ocular protothecosis: A review of 14 cases
Authors: Shank Alba Maria M. , Dubielzig Richard D. , Teixeira Leandro B. C. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractPurposeTo examine a series of 14 cases of canine ocular protothecosis from archived cases from the Comparative Ocular Pathology Laboratory of Wisconsin (COPLOW), and compare gross and histologic findings.MethodsArchival records from COPLOW were searched for canine cases of ocular protothecosis. Fourteen cases that contained matching criteria were identified, and gross and histologic findings, and clinical records for each case were tabulated, examined, and compared (2001–2013).ResultsOf the 14 cases identified, six had evidence of systemic disease, as per clinical history. Two of the 14 cases had Prototheca identified via cytology of ocular fluid or retinal exudate; in the remainder of cases, Prototheca identified via cytology of ocular fluid or retinal exudate in the remaining 12 cases, Prototheca was identified upon histologic examination of the submitted globe(s). Presenting ocular clinical signs were variable and nonspecific. Duration of ocular clinical signs varied from days to months. Fundoscopically, white membranes or plaques were identified on or around the retina in five cases. Retinal detachment was identified in 13 of the 14 submitted globes on gross examination following fixation and sectioning. The predominant histologic finding was granulomatous chorioretinitis with retinal detachment, with variable numbers of Prototheca within the inflammatory infiltrate.ConclusionsDue to the nonspecific nature of the ocular signs, a diagnosis of protothecosis generally is not made until enucleation and histopathologic examination of the globe(s). Retinal detachment and blindness were common. Cytologic sampling of retinal plaques and exudate may provide a rapid way to identify Prototheca.
THE PYRAMID TRACT IN THE STRIPED GOPHER (SPERMO‐PHILUS TRIDECEMLINEATUS (MITCHILL))
Authors: Simpson Sutherland 
Published: December 2014

In the striped gopher (Spermophilus tridecemlineatus) the course of the pyramid tract is traceable from the motor cortex by the method of secondary degeneration with Marchi staining.In the mid‐brain, pons, and upper part of the medulla oblongata the tract occupies the usual position in the crusta, pontine bundles, and ventral pyramid, the degeneration being confined to the side of the lesion.In the lower part of the medulla oblongata the fibres cross to the opposite side and take up a position in the funiculus cuneatus, forming there a well‐defined tract. The decussation appears to be complete, no fibres passing to the same side but all into the dorsal column of the opposite side. In this position the tract runs caudalwards and can be traced as far as the third lumbar segment, where it is represented by a very few scattered fibres. Beyond this level it cannot be followed.On following the tract downwards through the spinal cord many fibres are found to disappear in the first and second cervical segments, presumably by passing into the grey matter at these levels. Very few fibres reach as far as the lumbar region.
THE INFLUENCE OF CORPUS LUTEUM EXTRACTS UPON PLAIN MUSCLE, ESPECIALLY THAT OF THE UTERUS
Authors: Itagaki M. , Taylor W. W. 
Published: December 2014

1. Extract of corpus luteum generally produces a distinct increase of tone in the surviving uterus of the rat, rabbit, cat, dog, and guinea‐pig. Rarely, however, the opposite effect is produced.2. This difference of effect is not due to the condition of pregnancy or non‐pregnancy, nor to varying strengths of the extract, but apparently to a difference in different samples of corpus luteum. It would appear, therefore, that there are two principles in the corpus luteum having an antagonistic action upon the contractions of the uterus.3. These principles can sometimes be separated by alcohol, the inhibitory material going into alcoholic solution. But this chalonic substance (17), which is soluble in water, is very small in amount. The hormonic substance, on the other hand, which is generally much larger in amount, is not soluble in alcohol nor in chloroform and ether, but is soluble in water.4. If we compare the action of corpus luteum extract upon the uterus with its effect upon other forms of plain muscular tissue, we find that it generally produces relaxation of the muscular tissue of the intestine and of the bladder of the rat, but contraction of the whole intestinal tube of the rabbit and kitten; although, when isolated strips of either the longitudinal or circular intestinal muscle of these animals were taken, they showed relaxation. Upon the iris of the frog no change could be observed.5. Injection of corpus luteum extract into a vein produces but little effect upon the blood‐pressure; if anything, there is a slight fall.6. A free secretion of milk is caused from the cut nipple of a lactating animal.7. Urinary secretion is not appreciably affected.8. I have been unable to obtain any definite proof that the action of corpus luteum upon the uterus is effected through the nerve‐endings either of the sympathetic or of the pelvic nerve.The expenses of this investigation and of those described in the two succeeding papers have been assisted by grants from the Carnegie and Moray Research Funds.
ON THE ACTION OF VARIOUS EXTRACTS OBTAINED FROM THE COW'S OVARIES UPON THE MUSCULAR TISSUE OF THE UTERUS, INTESTINE, AND BLOOD‐VESSELS
Authors: Itagaki M. 
Published: December 2014

1. Extract of hilum ovarii has the opposite effect to extract of corpus luteum upon the movements of the rat's uterus, for it causes inhibition instead of contraction. The uterus of other animals is affected differently, for in the rabbit, cat, and guinea‐pig an extract of the hilum usually has the result of producing an increase of tone.2. Liquor folliculi produces an increase of tone of the uteriine muscle in the rat, rabbit, and cat, or at any rate an increase in height of the rhythmic contractions.3. When applied to the whole thickness of the intestinal tube, all the extracts tested—hilum, liquor folliculi, and whole ovary—determine an increase of tone, whereas a strip of the longitudinal coat of the rabbit's intestine is sent into relaxation by extracts of hilum.4. A fall of blood‐pressure is produced by intravenous injection of all the extracts employed—hilum, liquor folliculi, and whole ovary.
CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM IN RELATION TO THE THYROID GLAND. III. THE EFFECT OF THYROIDECTOMY IN RATS ON THE GASEOUS METABOLISM
Authors: Cramer W. , M' Call R. 
Published: December 2014

In rats, removal of the thyroid and the parathyroid glands does not produce any severe disturbance of the metabolism. There is at first a diminution of the total metabolism, which is followed later by a compensatory increase. The curves of the CO2 excretion and O2 intake and of the respiratory quotient do not differ in any essential points from those of a normal animal.The study of the respiratory quotient and of the urine shows that remnoval of the thyroid gland does not impair the power of the cells of the organism to oxidise carbohydrates. From this it can be inferred that the condition of the carbohydrate metabolism in experimental hyperthyroidism is not due to a direct stimulating effect of the thyroid hormone on the oxidation of carbohydrates. This inference, as has been pointed out in our previous paper, is in agreement with other observations on experimental and pathological hyperthyroidism.These conclusions confirm the conception of the carbohydrate metabolism presented in our previous paper, according to which the mobilisation of the liver glycogen is followed by an increased oxidation of carbohydrates.The mechanism through which the thyroid gland exercises its action on carbohydrate metabolism, and the inter‐relationship of the thyroid and suprarenal glands, are discussed.Part of the expense of this, as of previous investigations of this series, has been defrayed by grants from the Moray Fund of the University of Edinburgh.
THE EFFECT OF ADMINISTRATION OF SMALL AMOUNTS OF THYROID GLAND ON THE SIZE AND WEIGHT OF CERTAIN ORGANS IN THE MALE WHITE RAT
Authors: Hewitt James Arthur 
Published: December 2014

An alteration in the size of various internal organs, produced by administration of small amounts of fresh thyroid, was determined by direct weighing and comparison with the weights of normal organs in rats of the same length.The results obtained have been compared with those of Herring and of Hoskins, and the points of resemblance and of difference noted as follows:—The observations of the former are confirmed except in the case of the pituitary. In the experiments now recorded a hypertrophy of the gland was noted in the majority of animals examined, while Herring found a decrease in size under similar conditions when investigating this point in male rats.Hoskins arrives at no conclusions as to the effect of thyroid exhibition on the size of the animal's own thyroid. The results brought forward in the present communication show a conspicuous diminution in the weight of this gland. The other conclusions of Hoskins are confirmed.The quantitative alterations in size of the internal organs produced by thyroid administration have been considered at varying intervals after resumption of normal diet, and it is argued that a tendency is shown for this abnormal condition to be temporary, and that a return, perhaps incomplete, to normal proportions is indicated after cessation of thyroid feeding.It was further noted in one case that a gradation in alteration in size is seen when the percentage increases or decreases are arranged in order according to the time elapsed after administration of thyroid. In the other series this gradation is not so well marked, and possibly may, in part, be due to the fact that these animals were in the habit of spilling quantities of food at various times, and there is thus no guarantee that the full dose of 0·1. grm gland was in all cases consumed each day.
STUDIES ON THE PITUITARY. II. THE INFLUENCE OF HYPOPHYSECTOMY ON THE RATE OF CARBON‐DIOXIDE PRODUCTION IN FROGS
Authors: Winton Frank. R. , Hogben Lancelot T 
Published: December 2014

1. — A method is described by which the rate of exhalation of carbondioxide may be determined in ten or more individual frogs at the same time.2. — Frogs whose whole pituitary gland has been removed produce less carbon‐dioxide in a given time than do normal animals. A high degree of probability is shown to attach to this conclusion despite great individual variation.3. — Preliminary experiments on frogs whose anterior lobes only have been removed indicate a probable diminution in the rate of their carbondioxide production of the same order.4. — This series of observations does not suffice to exclude the possibility that these effects may be attributable to indirect concomitants of the extirpation such as changes in tone of the musculature.
AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR INVESTIGATING THE SECRETORY FUNCTION OF THE STOMACH AND DUODENUM IN THE HUMAN SUBJECT
Authors: Lim R. K. S. , Matheson Alister R. , Schlapp W. 
Published: December 2014

(1) A method is described for investigating the secretory function of the stomach and duodenum in man. It consists essentially of applying continuous suction to theses organs simultaneously by means of two separate tubes.(2) The method of employing histamine as a gastric secretory test is outlined.The expenses of this work have been defrayed by grants from the Carnegie Trust and from the Earl of Moray Fund for the Promotion of Research in the University of Edinburgh.
STUDIES ON THE PITUITARY.—III. THE VASOMOTOR ACTIVITY OF PITUITARY EXTRACTS THROUGHOUT THE VERTEBRATE SERIES
Authors: Hogben Lancelot T. , Schlapp Walter 
Published: December 2014

In this communication an attempt has been made to explore the possible existence of independent components of the vasomotor activity of pituitary extracts by studying their effects in terrestrial vertebrates other than mammals. A comparison of histamine and other reagents with that of commercial pituitary preparations and laboratory pituitary products free from the substances producing a depressor response in the mammal has been made in the bird (duck and fowl), reptile (tortoise), and amphibian (frog). Pituitary extracts do not produce perceptible effects on the blood‐pressure of the reptile and amphibian, when administered in quantities which are of an order of magnitude to which physiological significance could be justifiably attached. Whereas adrenaline produces a rise in arterial blood‐pressure in all four classes of air breathing vertebrates, pituitary extracts which had no depressor action in the mammal consistently evoke depression in bird and reptile : and there seems to be a strong presumption in favour of the conclusion that the pronounced depressor action of small doses of pituitary extract on the a vine circulation is not due to the substance or substances responsible for the lowering of blood‐pressure in the mammal. It has been necessary to reinvestigate the depressor response in the mammal, and the results obtained demonstrate the part played by initial pressure in determining the character of the response to successive doses of pituitary extract and to histamine. Emphasis is laid on the misleading nature of comparisons indiscriminately based on testing with etherised and decerebrate animals in previous biochemical investigation into the nature of the pressor activity of pituitary extract.The expenses of this research were defrayed in part by a grant from the Earl of Moray Fund.