bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Why Managers Fail to do the Right Thing: An Empirical Study of Unethical and Illegal Conduct
Authors: Craig Smith N. , Simpson Sally S. , Huang Chun-Yao 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT:We combine prior research on ethical decision-making in organizations with a rational choice theory of corporate crime from criminology to develop a model of corporate offending that is tested with a sample of U.S. managers. Despite demands for increased sanctioning of corporate offenders, we find that the threat of legal action does not directly affect the likelihood of misconduct. Managers’ evaluations of the ethics of the act, measured using a multidimensional ethics scale, have a significant effect, as do outcome expectancies that result from being associated with the misconduct but not facing formal sanctions. The threat of formal sanctions appears to operate indirectly, influencing ethical evaluations and outcome expectancies. Obedience to authority also affects illegal intentions, with managers reporting higher prospective offending when they are ordered to engage in misconduct by a supervisor.
Empirically derived dietary patterns in relation to psychological disorders
Authors: Hosseinzadeh Mahdieh , Vafa Mohammadreza , Esmaillzadeh Ahmad , Feizi Awat , Majdzadeh Reza , Afshar Hamidreza , Keshteli Ammar Hassanzadeh , Adibi Peyman 
Published: June 2015

AbstractObjectivePsychological disorders are highly prevalent worldwide. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between major dietary patterns and prevalence of psychological disorders in a large sample of Iranian adults.DesignA cross-sectional study was done to identify dietary patterns derived from factor analysis. Dietary data were collected through the use of a validated dish-based semi-quantitative FFQ. Psychological health was examined by use of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the General Health Questionnaire.SettingThe study was conducted in Isfahan, Iran, within the framework of the Study on Epidemiology of Psychological, Alimentary Health and Nutrition (SEPAHAN).SubjectsIranian adults (n 3846) aged 20–55 years.ResultsAfter adjustment for potential confounders, greater adherence to the lacto-vegetarian dietary pattern was protectively associated with depression in women (OR=0·65; 95 % CI 0·46, 0·91). Normal-weight participants in the top quintile of this dietary pattern tended to have decreased odds of anxiety compared with those in the bottom quintile (OR=0·61; 95 % CI 0·38, 1·00). In addition, the traditional dietary pattern was associated with increased odds of depression (OR=1·42; 95 % CI 1·01, 1·99) and anxiety (OR=1·56; 95 % CI 1·00, 2·42) in women. Normal-weight participants in the highest quintile of the traditional dietary pattern had greater odds for anxiety (OR=1·89; 95 % CI 1·12, 3·08) compared with those in the lowest quintile. The Western dietary pattern was associated with increased odds of depression in men (OR=1·73; 95 % CI 1·07, 2·81) and anxiety in normal-weight participants (OR=2·05; 95 % CI 1·22, 3·46). There was a significant increasing trend in the odds of psychological distress across increasing quintiles of the fast food dietary pattern in women (P-trend=0·02).ConclusionsRecommendation to increase the intake of fruits, citrus fruits, vegetables, tomato and low-fat dairy products and to reduce the intakes of snacks, high-fat dairy products, chocolate, carbonated drinks, sweets and desserts might be associated with lower chance of psychological disorders.
Why healthcare providers merge
Authors: Postma Jeroen , Roos Anne-Fleur 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn many OECD countries, healthcare sectors have become increasingly concentrated as a result of mergers. However, detailed empirical insight into why healthcare providers merge is lacking. Also, we know little about the influence of national healthcare policies on mergers. We fill this gap in the literature by conducting a survey study on mergers among 848 Dutch healthcare executives, of which 35% responded (resulting in a study sample of 239 executives). A total of 65% of the respondents was involved in at least one merger between 2005 and 2012. During this period, Dutch healthcare providers faced a number of policy changes, including increasing competition, more pressure from purchasers, growing financial risks, de-institutionalisation of long-term care and decentralisation of healthcare services to municipalities. Our empirical study shows that healthcare providers predominantly merge to improve the provision of healthcare services and to strengthen their market position. Also efficiency and financial reasons are important drivers of merger activity in healthcare. We find that motives for merger are related to changes in health policies, in particular to the increasing pressure from competitors, insurers and municipalities.
Conserved Omp85 lid-lock structure and substrate recognition in FhaC
Authors: Maier Timm , Clantin Bernard , Gruss Fabian , Dewitte Frédérique , Delattre Anne-Sophie , Jacob-Dubuisson Françoise , Hiller Sebastian , Villeret Vincent 
Published: June 2015

AbstractOmp85 proteins mediate translocation of polypeptide substrates across and into cellular membranes. They share a common architecture comprising substrate-interacting POTRA domains, a C-terminal 16-stranded β-barrel pore and two signature motifs located on the inner barrel wall and at the tip of the extended L6 loop. The observation of two distinct conformations of the L6 loop in the available Omp85 structures previously suggested a functional role of conformational changes in L6 in the Omp85 mechanism. Here we present a 2.5 Å resolution structure of a variant of the Omp85 secretion protein FhaC, in which the two signature motifs interact tightly and form the conserved ‘lid lock’. Reanalysis of previous structural data shows that L6 adopts the same, conserved resting state position in all available Omp85 structures. The FhaC variant structure further reveals a competitive mechanism for the regulation of substrate binding mediated by the linker to the N-terminal plug helix H1.
Experimental verification of electro-refractive phase modulation in graphene
Authors: Mohsin Muhammad , Neumaier Daniel , Schall Daniel , Otto Martin , Matheisen Christopher , Lena Giesecke Anna , Sagade Abhay A. , Kurz Heinrich 
Published: June 2015

AbstractGraphene has been considered as a promising material for opto-electronic devices, because of its tunable and wideband optical properties. In this work, we demonstrate electro-refractive phase modulation in graphene at wavelengths from 1530 to 1570 nm. By integrating a gated graphene layer in a silicon-waveguide based Mach-Zehnder interferometer, the key parameters of a phase modulator like change in effective refractive index, insertion loss and absorption change are extracted. These experimentally obtained values are well reproduced by simulations and design guidelines are provided to make graphene devices competitive to contemporary silicon based phase modulators for on-chip applications.
Origin of the low thermal isomerization rate of rhodopsin chromophore
Authors: Yanagawa Masataka , Kojima Keiichi , Yamashita Takahiro , Imamoto Yasushi , Matsuyama Take , Nakanishi Koji , Yamano Yumiko , Wada Akimori , Sako Yasushi , Shichida Yoshinori 
Published: June 2015

AbstractLow dark noise is a prerequisite for rod cells, which mediate our dim-light vision. The low dark noise is achieved by the extremely stable character of the rod visual pigment, rhodopsin, which evolved from less stable cone visual pigments. We have developed a biochemical method to quickly evaluate the thermal activation rate of visual pigments. Using an isomerization locked chromophore, we confirmed that thermal isomerization of the chromophore is the sole cause of thermal activation. Interestingly, we revealed an unexpected correlation between the thermal stability of the dark state and that of the active intermediate MetaII. Furthermore, we assessed key residues in rhodopsin and cone visual pigments by mutation analysis and identified two critical residues (E122 and I189) in the retinal binding pocket which account for the extremely low thermal activation rate of rhodopsin.
Administration of Danhong Injection to diabetic db/db mice inhibits the development of diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy
Authors: Liu Mengyang , Pan Quan , Chen Yuanli , Yang Xiaoxiao , Zhao Buchang , Jia Lifu , Zhu Yan , Zhang Boli , Gao Xiumei , Li Xiaoju , Han Jihong , Duan Yajun 
Published: June 2015

AbstractDanhong Injection (DHI), a Chinese medicine for treatment of patients with coronary heart disease, inhibits primary abdominal aortic aneurysms in apoE deficient (apoE−/−) mice. Formation of microaneurysms plays an important role in the development of diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy. It remains unknown if DHI can reduce these diabetic complications. In this study, diabetic db/db mice in two groups were injected with saline and DHI, respectively, for 14 weeks. Blood and tissue samples were collected to determine serum glucose, lipids and tissue structure. DHI reduced diabetes-induced body weight gain, serum cholesterol and glucose levels. In retinas, DHI blocked the shrink of whole retina and retinal sub-layers by inhibiting expression of caspase 3, matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9, accumulation of carbohydrate macromolecules and formation of acellular capillaries. DHI improved renal functions by inhibiting mesangial matrix expansion, expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A, fibronectin and advanced glycation end products in kidneys. Mechanistically, DHI induced expression of glucokinase, AMPKα/phosphorylated AMPKα, insulin receptor substrate 1, fibroblast growth factor 21 and peroxisome proliferator-activated γ. Expression of genes responsible for energy expenditure was also activated by DHI. Therefore, DHI inhibits diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy by ameliorating glucose metabolism and demonstrates a potential application in clinics.
Novel Function of Rev-erbα in Promoting Brown Adipogenesis
Authors: Nam Deokhwa , Chatterjee Somik , Yin Hongshan , Liu Ruya , Lee Jeongkyung , Yechoor Vijay K. , Ma Ke 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBrown adipose tissue is a major thermogenic organ that plays a key role in maintenance of body temperature and whole-body energy homeostasis. Rev-erbα, a ligand-dependent nuclear receptor and transcription repressor of the molecular clock, has been implicated in the regulation of adipogenesis. However, whether Rev-erbα participates in brown fat formation is not known. Here we show that Rev-erbα is a key regulator of brown adipose tissue development by promoting brown adipogenesis. Genetic ablation of Rev-erbα in mice severely impairs embryonic and neonatal brown fat formation accompanied by loss of brown identity. This defect is due to a cell-autonomous function of Rev-erbα in brown adipocyte lineage commitment and terminal differentiation, as demonstrated by genetic loss- and gain-of-function studies in mesenchymal precursors and brown preadipocytes. Moreover, pharmacological activation of Rev-erbα activity promotes, whereas its inhibition suppresses brown adipocyte differentiation. Mechanistic investigations reveal that Rev-erbα represses key components of the TGF-β cascade, an inhibitory pathway of brown fat development. Collectively, our findings delineate a novel role of Rev-erbα in driving brown adipocyte development and provide experimental evidence that pharmacological interventions of Rev-erbα may offer new avenues for the treatment of obesity and related metabolic disorders.
A key role for TGF-β1 in hippocampal synaptic plasticity and memory
Authors: Caraci Filippo , Gulisano Walter , Guida Chiara A. , Impellizzeri Agata A. R. , Drago Filippo , Puzzo Daniela , Palmeri Agostino 
Published: June 2015

AbstractTransforming Growth Factor β1 (TGF-β1) is a well-known neuroprotective and neurotrophic factor demonstrated to play a role in synaptic transmission. However, its involvement in physiological mechanisms underlying synaptic plasticity and memory at hippocampal level has not been thoroughly investigated. Here, we examine the role of TGF-β1 in hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) and memory in adult wild type mice. Our data provide evidence that administration of exogenous TGF-β1 is able to convert early-phase-LTP into late-phase-LTP. Furthermore, we show that the block of the endogenous TGF-β1 signaling pathway by the specific TGF-β1 inhibitor SB431542, impairs LTP and object recognition memory. The latter impairment was rescued by administration of exogenous TGF-β1, suggesting that endogenously produced TGF-β1 plays a role in physiological mechanisms underlying LTP and memory. Finally, TGF-β1 functional effect correlates with an increased expression of the phosphorylated transcription factor cAMP-Responsive Element Binding protein.
Vertical Interface Induced Dielectric Relaxation in Nanocomposite (BaTiO3)1-x:(Sm2O3)x Thin Films
Authors: Li Weiwei , Zhang Wei , Wang Le , Gu Junxing , Chen Aiping , Zhao Run , Liang Yan , Guo Haizhong , Tang Rujun , Wang Chunchang , Jin Kuijuan , Wang Haiyan , Yang Hao 
Published: June 2015

AbstractVertical interfaces in vertically aligned nanocomposite thin films have been approved to be an effective method to manipulate functionalities. However, several challenges with regard to the understanding on the physical process underlying the manipulation still remain. In this work, because of the ordered interfaces and large interfacial area, heteroepitaxial (BaTiO3)1-x:(Sm2O3)x thin films have been fabricated and used as a model system to investigate the relationship between vertical interfaces and dielectric properties. Due to a relatively large strain generated at the interfaces, vertical interfaces between BaTiO3 and Sm2O3 are revealed to become the sinks to attract oxygen vacancies. The movement of oxygen vacancies is confined at the interfaces and hampered by the misfit dislocations, which contributed to a relaxation behavior in (BaTiO3)1-x:(Sm2O3)x thin films. This work represents an approach to further understand that how interfaces influence on dielectric properties in oxide thin films.
A scalable goal-setting intervention closes both the gender and ethnic minority achievement gap
Authors: Schippers Michaéla C , Scheepers Ad W A , Peterson Jordan B 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe gender and ethnicity gap in academic achievement constitutes one of today’s key social problems. The current study, therefore, assessed the effects of a brief, evidence-based online intervention aimed at enhancing goal-directed conceptualization and action among first year college students (N=703) at a large European business school. The academic performance of these students was contrasted with that of three pre-intervention control cohorts (N=896, 825 and 720), with particular attention paid to the role of gender and ethnicity. The intervention boosted academic achievement and increased retention rates, particularly for ethnic minority and male students (who had underperformed in previous years). The gap in performance between men and women, and for ethnic minorities versus nationals, became considerably smaller within the intervention cohort. After Year 1, the gender gap closed by 98%, and the ethnicity gap by 38% (rising to 93% after the second year). All groups in the intervention cohort performed significantly better than control cohorts, but the effect was particularly large for males and ethnic minorities. The increase in performance was largest for ethnic minority males: they earned 44% more credits, and their retention rate increased 54%. Overall, the results indicate that a comprehensive goal-setting intervention implemented early in students’ academic careers can significantly and substantially reduce gender and ethnic minority inequalities in achievement.
MiR-204 is responsible for inherited retinal dystrophy associated with ocular coloboma
Authors: Conte Ivan , Hadfield Kristen D. , Barbato Sara , Carrella Sabrina , Pizzo Mariateresa , Bhat Rajeshwari S. , Carissimo Annamaria , Karali Marianthi , Porter Louise F. , Urquhart Jill , Hateley Sofie , O’Sullivan James , Manson Forbes D. C. , Neuhauss Stephan C. F. , Banfi Sandro , Black Graeme C. M. 
Published: June 2015

Significance
MicroRNAs are key players in the regulation of gene expression. An understanding of human conditions caused by microRNA mutations provides insight into mechanisms of gene regulation and into the interplay between development and maintenance in tissue homeostasis. The eye represents a notable target tissue of genetic diseases. Inherited retinal degenerations and developmental eye disorders are two separate groups that represent leading causes of blindness worldwide. Identifying underlying genetic causes of such conditions is important for diagnosis, counseling, and potential therapy development. We identified a dominant mutation in microRNA-204 as the genetic cause of a unique phenotype of retinal degeneration and coloboma and thus highlight the importance of microRNA-204 as a master regulator of ocular development and normal maintenance.
Conformational processing of oncogenic v-Src kinase by the molecular chaperone Hsp90
Authors: Boczek Edgar E. , Reefschläger Lasse G. , Dehling Marco , Struller Tobias J. , Häusler Elisabeth , Seidl Andreas , Kaila Ville R. I. , Buchner Johannes 
Published: June 2015

Significance
Hsp90 is a molecular chaperone involved in the activation of numerous client proteins, including 60% of the human kinases. Previous studies on the Hsp90–kinase interaction were limited due to the particular instability of client kinases. Here, we reconstituted v-Src kinase chaperoning in vitro and used this to mechanistically elucidate how Hsp90 supports kinases. We show that its activation is ATP-dependent and requires the phosphorylated form of the cochaperone Cdc37. Hsp90 does not influence the almost identical c-Src kinase. The structural analysis of Src kinase chimeras that gradually transformed c-Src into v-Src unveiled that Hsp90 dependence correlates with client compactness, folding cooperativity, and lowered energy barriers between different states. These findings establish a new concept for the client specificity of Hsp90.
Glycosphingolipids are modulators of disease pathogenesis in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Dodge James C. , Treleaven Christopher M. , Pacheco Joshua , Cooper Samantha , Bao Channa , Abraham Marissa , Cromwell Mandy , Sardi S. Pablo , Chuang Wei-Lien , Sidman Richard L. , Cheng Seng H. , Shihabuddin Lamya S. 
Published: June 2015

Significance
Glycosphingolipids are a heterogeneous group of membrane lipids formed through the covalent linkage of a glycan moiety to ceramide. Genetic evidence suggests that aberrant glycosphingolipid metabolism plays an important role in several neuromuscular diseases. Here, we investigated whether alterations in glycosphingolipids contribute to neurodegeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We show that ALS patients and model mice display disease-related changes in spinal cord glycosphingolipids levels and in the enzymes that regulate their metabolism. Importantly, we demonstrate that inhibition of glycosphingolipid synthesis in ALS model mice exacerbated disease progression, whereas administration of GM3, a subtype of glycosphingolipids, slowed it, thus implicating glycosphingolipids as potentially important participants in ALS pathogenesis and potential targets for future drug development.
Female ovarian abnormalities and reproductive failure of autumn-spawning herring (Clupea harengus membras) in the Baltic Sea
Authors: Ojaveer Henn , Tomkiewicz Jonna , Arula Timo , Klais Riina 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Fecundity and reproductive potential are important factors to be considered in evaluating trajectories and demographic predictions of fish populations. Therefore, characterizing the nature and quantifying the extent of any reproductive failure should be considered in fisheries studies. Here, we describe morphological changes in developed ovaries of autumn-spawning herring (Clupea harengus membras) caught in the northern Baltic Sea and evaluate the magnitude of this phenomenon during 3 consecutive years. Visibly, abnormal ovaries were histologically characterized by irregular-shaped oocytes in a vitellogenic or final maturation stage with coagulative necrosis and liquefaction of the yolk sphere, degraded follicle membranes, and fibrinous adhesion among oocytes. Such degeneration is presumed to cause complete infertility in the fish. The frequency of fish with abnormal ovaries varied annually between 10 and 15% among all females sampled. However, specific sampling events showed up to 90% females with abnormal gonads. The specific cause of this abnormality remains unknown; however, prevalence was associated with unfavourable environmental conditions encountered before spawning. Thus, ovarian abnormality was positively related to water temperatures, with the highest level found at ≥15°C and negatively related to the frequency of strong winds. The frequency of occurrence of abnormal gonads decreased with the progression of spawning from August to October. The observed abnormality and associated spawning failure will negatively affect the realized fecundity of autumn herring in the Baltic Sea and may act as a limiting factor for recovery of the stock, which has experienced profound depression during the last three decades.
Seventeenth-century
experimenta
, magisterial formulae and the ‘animal
alkahest
’: new documents found in Royal Society archives
Authors: Alfonso-Goldfarb Ana Maria , Ferraz Márcia Helena Mendes , Rattansi Piyo M. 
Published: June 2015

In this paper we present three newly rediscovered documents from the Royal Society archives that, together with the four described in our previous publications, constitute a set on a cognate theme. The documents were written by, or addressed to, members of the early Royal Society, and their subject is several magisterial formulae, including J. B. van Helmont's
alkahest
and
Ludus
. In addition to the interest in those formulae as medicines for various grave illnesses, our analysis showed that some seventeenth-century scholars sought to explain operations of the animal body by invoking similar but natural substances, while attempting to assimilate the latest anatomical discoveries into a novel framework. The complete set of documents sheds some new light on the interests of seventeenth-century networks of scholars concerned with
experimenta
.
A gene for social immunity in the burying beetleNicrophorus vespilloides?
Authors: Palmer William J. , Duarte Ana , Schrader Matthew , Day Jonathan P , Kilner Rebecca , Jiggins Francis M. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractSome group-living species exhibit social immunity, where the immune system of one individual can protect others in the group from infection. In burying beetles this is part of parental care. Larvae feed on vertebrate carcasses which their parents smear with exudates that inhibit microbial growth. We have sequenced the transcriptome of the burying beetleNicrophorus vespilloidesand identified six genes that encode lysozymes – a type of antimicrobial enzyme that has previously been implicated in social immunity in burying beetles. When females start breeding and producing antimicrobial anal exudates, we found that the expression of one of these genes was increased by ∼1000 times to become one of the most abundant transcripts in the transcriptome. We conclude that we have likely identified a gene for social immunity, and that it was recruited during evolution from a previous function in personal immunity.