bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mastoid Triangle for Sex Determination in AdultNigerian Population: A Validation Study
Authors: Jaja Blessing N. R. , Ajua Christiana O. , Didia Blessing C. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIn the quest for a simple, reliable technique to estimate the sex of human remains several novel metric skeletal indices have been reported. Only a few have been examined for utility in populations different from those in which they were developed. In this study, the mastoid process was evaluated for sex determination using 102 lateral cephalograms of aNigerian sample of known age and sex. The asterion‐mastoidale distance and mastoid triangular area were sexually dimorphic with mean values higher in males compared with females (p = 0.02). On analysis of the discriminant function, overall accuracy for sex classification was 55%. On cross‐validation, the triangular area accurately identified 80% of females and 48% of males. The asterion‐mastoidale distance was slightly more accurate at sexing the sample. The practical utility of the mastoid triangle area technique to differentiate sex inNigerian populations is not supported by the results of this study.
Implementation and performance evaluation of an emergency department primary practitioner physiotherapy service for patients with musculoskeletal conditions
Authors: Gill Stephen D , Stella Julian 
Published: October 2013

AbstractObjectiveThe study aims to describe the implementation of a primary practitioner physiotherapy service within a large regional ED and to evaluate its impact on waiting time and length of stay.MethodsIntegration and scope of practice of the physiotherapy service within the ED were described. Retrospective analysis of waiting time and length of stay data for the 3 years, 1 October 2008 to 30 September 2011, was performed. The performance of the physiotherapy service was compared with the Australasian College for Emergency Medicine (ACEM) waiting time guidelines, the Victorian Department of Health length of stay targets and to a similar group of patients seen by medical staff.ResultsThe primary practitioner physiotherapy service saw 5641 patients of which 33% were less than 18 years old. The most common presentations seen by the service were limb fractures, soft tissue injuries and low back pain. Ninety‐two per cent of patients were seen within the ACEM waiting time guidelines, and 91% of patients who went home were discharged within 4 h. Non‐randomised comparisons with similar patients seen by medical staff indicated that patients seen by the physiotherapy practitioner service had shorter waiting times and length of stay.ConclusionsThe current study found that patients with musculoskeletal problems seen by a primary practitioner physiotherapy service had improved waiting times and length of stay relative to ACEM and Victorian Department of Health targets, and though constrained by a retrospective non‐randomised design, to a similar group of patients seen by medical staff. Further evaluation of the physiotherapy practitioner service is required.
The expression analysis of silk gland‐enriched intermediate‐size non‐coding RNAs in silkworm Bombyx mori
Authors: Li Dan‐Dan , Liu Zong‐Cai , Huang Lei , Jiang Qian‐Ling , Zhang Kun , Qiao Hui‐Li , Jiao Zhu‐Jin , Yao Lun‐Guang , Liu Ren‐Yi , Kan Yun‐Chao 
Published: October 2013

AbstractSmall non‐protein coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play important roles in development, stress response and other cellular processes. Silkworm is an important model for studies on insect genetics and control of Lepidopterous pests. We have previously identified 189 novel intermediate‐size ncRNAs in silkworm Bombyx mori, including 40 ncRNAs that showed altered expression in different developmental stages. Here we characterized the functions of these 40 ncRNAs by measuring their expressions in six tissues of the fifth instar larvae using Northern blot and real‐time polymerase chain reaction assays. We identified nine ncRNAs (four small nucleolar RNAs and five unclassified ncRNAs) that were enriched in silk gland, including four ncRNAs that showed silk gland‐specific expression. We further showed that three of nine silk gland‐enriched ncRNAs were predominantly expressed in the anterior silk gland, whereas another three ncRNAs were highly accumulated in the posterior silk gland, suggesting that they may play different roles in fibroin synthesis. Furthermore, an unclassified ncRNA, Bm‐152, exhibited converse expression pattern with its antisense host gene gartenzwerg in diverse tissues, and might regulate the expression of gartenzwerg through RNA‐protein complex. In addition, two silk gland‐enriched ncRNAs Bm‐102 and Bm‐159 can be found in histone modification complex, which indicated that they might play roles through epigenetic modifications. Taken together, we provided the first expression and preliminary functional analysis of silk gland‐enriched ncRNAs, which will help understand the molecular mechanism of silk gland‐development and fibroin synthesis.
Dietitians' practices and perspectives on nutrition priorities for liver transplant recipients
Authors: Murray Eryn M. , McCoy Simone M. , Campbell Katrina L. , Hickman Ingrid J. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAimTo describe current practice and priorities of dietitians during the acute (≤3 months) and long‐term (≥6 months) management of liver transplant recipients.MethodsTen liver transplant dietitians (10/14, 71%) in Australia, New Zealand, UK and USA responded to an online survey. The survey graded nutrition priorities on a Likert scale, recorded barriers to service delivery and workforce allocation for nutrition services (ratio of full‐time equivalent: annual transplant rate).ResultsJust over half (n = 6, 60%) reported routine dietary assessment post‐liver transplant. The majority (90%, n = 9) also provide initial dietary education in the acute setting. Thirty percent (n = 3) routinely provide ongoing acute follow up; however, no sites provide routine follow up after 6 months. Dietitian‐to‐transplant patient ratios demonstrated a broad range of resource allocation across sites 1:244 (1:39–1:1410). 70% (n = 7) reported lack of funding as a major barrier. Protein and energy requirements (n = 10, 100%) were identified as the main clinical focus in the acute period. Prevention of post‐transplant weight gain and diabetes were identified as priority areas during the acute period by 60% of respondents (n = 6) and long‐term management by all respondents (n = 10, 100%).ConclusionThis international survey identified inconsistent resourcing of nutrition services post‐liver transplantation, with lack of funding the main barrier to providing long‐term care. While the majority of liver transplant dietitians prioritise prevention of excessive weight gain, long‐term follow up is limited. Further research is needed to investigate the optimal management of liver transplant recipients.
Improving Adhesion of Seasonings to Crackers with Hydrocolloid Solutions
Authors: Armstrong Matthew E. , Barringer Sheryl A. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractFood powders were applied on crackers that had been coated using water, oil, emulsion, sucrose, or hydrocolloid solutions. The hydrocolloids that were used include gellan gum, kappa‐carrageenan, methylcellulose, gum karaya, gum tragacanth, gum arabic, guar gum, modified starch, and maltodextrin. Solutions of similar hydrophobicity to the powder gave the greatest adhesion. NaCl, barbecue (BBQ), ranch, and sour cream & onion (SC&O) seasoning showed greatest adhesion with water, cheese powder with an emulsion of 12.5% to 25% oil, and cocoa powder with oil. For NaCl, BBQ, ranch, and SC&O seasoning, hydrocolloids improved the adhesion over using water alone, with gellan gum providing the greatest adhesion. Hydrocolloid structural differences, including the presence or absence of branching, substitution of sugar units, and molecular weight affect water binding and thickening of the hydrocolloid spray that seemed to be significant factors affecting adhesion of powders to the target surface. For cheese powder, hydrocolloids were capable of replacing the oil within an emulsion while improving or maintaining the same level of adhesion, with gum arabic providing the greatest adhesion. For cocoa powder, hydrocolloid solutions were ineffective adhesives due to differences in hydrophilicity that result in insolubility. The effect of hydrocolloid concentration on adhesion was dependent both on the hydrocolloid type and the concentration that is sprayable, with 0.5% being the optimum concentration for most gums. Adhesion using sucrose solutions was determined by particle size and relative hydrophobicity. Increasing sucrose concentration decreased adhesion of smaller particles, but increased adhesion of larger particles. Adhesion of NaCl significantly increased with decreasing NaCl size using oil, water, and sucrose solutions.
Target‐controlled infusion of propofol versus intermittent bolus of a sedative cocktail regimen in deep sedation for gastrointestinal endoscopy: Comparison of cardiovascular and respiratory parameters
Authors: Chan Wei‐Hung , Chang Shih‐Lun , Lin Ching‐Shuan , Chen Mei‐Jyh , Fan Shou‐Zen 
Published: October 2013

ObjectiveTo investigate whether target‐controlled infusion (TCI) with propofol, a method that has theoretically better control of drug concentration, produces less cardiovascular and respiratory suppression than an intermittent bolus of a sedative cocktail regimen in deep sedation for gastrointestinal endoscopy.MethodsIn total 100 participants who had undergone esophagoduodenoscopy (EGD) and 120 who had undergone colonoscopy were prospectively and randomly enrolled to receive TCI with propofol or intermittent bolus of cocktail regimen containing midazolam, alfentanil and propofol until they were unresponsive to verbal commands. The target concentration was adjusted and the bolus of the cocktail regimen was added based on their responses. The nadir values of heart rate, blood pressure and oxygen saturation during and after the procedure were recorded.ResultsThe nadir systolic blood pressure during the endoscopy in the cocktail regimen group was significantly lower than that in the TCI with propofol group. In the cocktail regimen group, the incidence of hypotension during colonoscopy and that of bradycardia during EGD were higher than those in the TCI with propofol group. No participants in the TCI with propofol group experienced hypoxia during endoscopy. In the cocktail regimen group, six participants who had undergone EGD and six who had undergone colonoscopy showed transient hypoxic episodes during or after endoscopy.ConclusionTCI with propofol produced less cardiovascular and respiratory suppression than intermittent bolus of a sedative cocktail regimen in deep sedation for gastrointestinal endoscopy.
Differentiation of nonhuman primate embryonic stem cells into hepatocyte‐like cells
Authors: Kuai Xiao Ling , Shao Nan , Lu Hong , Xiao Shu Dong , Zheng Qing 
Published: October 2013

ObjectiveTo investigate whether cells derived from rhesus monkey embryonic stem cells (ESC) had hepatocyte characteristics after the differentiation.MethodsRhesus monkey ESC were induced towards hepatocyte‐like cells via a four‐step differentiation process: the formation of embryoid bodies (EB), EB in activin A and insulin‐transferrin‐selenium medium for 4 days, in fibroblast growth factor (FGF)‐4 and bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP2) medium for 8 days, in hepatocyte culture medium containing hepatocyte growth factor for 3 days and then with oncostatin M and dexamethasone for another 5 days. Expression of albumin (ALB), glucose‐6‐phosphatase, α‐fetoprotein (AFP) and α‐1 antitrypsin (α1‐AT) at the mRNA level in differentiated cells were detected by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction. The expression of hepatocyte markers AFP, ALB, hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 (HNF4), cytokeratin 8 (CK8), CK19 and cell proliferation marker, Ki67, in the differentiated cells were determined by immunocytochemistry. The ultrastructure of the differentiated cells was examined by electron microscopy. Indocyanine green (ICG) uptake was also explored.ResultsAfter induction, some differentiated cells were binucleate, which is typical of hepatocytes. Hepatocyte‐specific genes ALB, glucose‐6‐phosphatase, AFP and α1‐AT were expressed in the differentiated cells. The differentiated cells expressed hepatocyte markers AFP, ALB, HNF4, CK8 and CK19 at the protein level. The cells also expressed cell proliferation marker Ki67. Under electron microscopy, the ultrastructures of hepatocyte‐like cells, such as mitochondrion and catalase‐containing peroxisomes, were observed in the differentiated cells. ICG uptake test was positive in differentiated cells.ConclusionsWith cytokine induction, rhesus monkey ESC differentiated into cells displaying morphological features, gene expression patterns and metabolic activities characteristic of hepatocytes.
Retroperitoneal sarcomas: A review of disease spectrum, radiological features, characterisation and management
Authors: Shiraev Timothy , Pasricha Sundeep Singh , Choong Peter , Schlicht Stephen , van Rijswijk Catharina SP , Dimmick Simon , Stuckey Stephen , Anderson Suzanne E 
Published: October 2013

SummaryRetroperitoneal sarcomas are a rare disease. The overall 5‐year survival rate for these lesions remains low, and surgical management offers the only option for effective treatment and potential for cure. Radiotherapy is increasingly being employed in addition to standard surgical treatment. Improvements in cross‐sectional imaging have also facilitated better characterisation of lesions, preoperative planning and long‐term follow‐up. This article reviews the current literature and documents the various types of retroperitoneal sarcomas with a particular approach to their imaging features. We also highlight the pathology, diagnostic methods and most current management of these tumours.
Effect of androgen deprivation therapy on muscle attenuation in men with prostate cancer
Authors: Chang David , Joseph David J , Ebert Martin A , Galvão Daniel A , Taaffe Dennis R , Denham James W , Newton Robert U , Spry Nigel A 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIntroductionAging skeletal muscle is associated with not only a reduction in muscle size and strength but also in muscle quality which reflects an increase in fatty infiltration of muscle. In men with prostate cancer, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) accelerates this loss of muscle size and strength, but it is unknown if muscle quality is also adversely affected. Therefore, we examined the effects of ADT on muscle attenuation, an indirect measure of intramuscular lipid content, as well as the muscle cross‐sectional area (CSA) in men with prostate cancer.MethodsPre‐ and post‐CT scans of the pelvis in 39 men aged 49–78 years receiving leuprorelin were examined. The time between baseline and follow‐up scans was 14.6–20 weeks after the commencement of ADT. Changes in skeletal muscle attenuation in Hounsfield units of the rectus femoris and the CSA of the rectus femoris, sartorius and quadricep muscles were assessed.ResultsMuscle attenuation of the rectus femoris muscle was significantly reduced following the initiation of ADT by 18.9% (P < 0.001). In addition, there was a significant decrease (P < 0.001) in the CSA for the sartorius, quadriceps and rectus femoris muscles. There was no effect of Zometa on muscle attenuation or muscle CSA.ConclusionsOur results indicate that not only muscle size but also muscle quality may be adversely affected by the undertaking of ADT in men with prostate cancer. Consequently, interventions to counteract deteriorations to both muscle mass and possibly muscle quality should be considered in men receiving ADT.
Emergencies in radiology: A survey of radiologists and radiology trainees
Authors: Craig Simon , Naidoo Parmanand 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIntroductionEmergencies in radiology are infrequent but potentially lethal. Australian and New Zealand radiologists are advised to undergo resuscitation training at least every three years; however, little is known about their experience and confidence in managing common emergencies relevant to their clinical practice. This paper describes the current experience and confidence of radiologists and radiology trainees in Australia and New Zealand in the management of common medical emergencies.MethodsA cross‐sectional online survey of trainees and fellows of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiology collected data on training and learning preferences relating to resuscitation and life‐support skills, access to emergency medical care, and knowledge, confidence and ability in managing a variety of medical emergencies.ResultsThere were 602 responses to the survey (response rate 23.4%). The majority of respondents were interested in learning more about the management of contrast reactions, cardiac arrest, ischaemic chest pain and basic life support. Self‐rated knowledge, confidence and ability were higher in respondents who had completed life‐support training within the previous three years. In this group, however, more than 40% rated their ability at managing contrast reactions as poor or fair, while more than 60% rated their ability as poor or fair for management of cardiac arrest, basic life support, advanced life support and dosing of adrenaline. Preferred resuscitation training modalities included simulation, small‐group tutorials and workshops.ConclusionSelf‐reported level of skill and expertise in the management of potential emergencies in radiology is suboptimal among a large number of respondents. Consideration should be given to addressing this by improving access to specific training.
Barcoding theCollembola ofChurchill: a molecular taxonomic reassessment of species diversity in a sub‐Arctic area
Authors: Porco David , Skarżyński Dariusz , Decaëns Thibaud , Hebert Paul D. N. , Deharveng Louis 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAlthough their functional importance in ecosystems is increasingly recognized, soil‐dwelling micro‐arthropods are usually poorly known in comparison with their above‐ground counterparts. Collembola constitute a significant and species‐rich component of the soil biodiversity, but it remains a woefully understudied group because of the taxonomic impediment. The ever‐increasing use of molecular taxonomic tools, such asDNAbarcoding, provides a possible solution. Here, we test the use of this approach through a diversity survey ofCollembola from the vicinity ofChurchill,Manitoba,Canada, and compare the results with previous surveys in the same area and in other sub‐Arctic regions. The systematic barcoding campaign atChurchill revealed a diverse collembolan fauna consisting of 97 species‐levelMOTUs in six types of habitats. If all theseMOTUs are confirmed as species, this richness would be far higher than prior records forArcticCanada and could lead to reconsider the actual diversity of the group inArctic environments.
Ecology in the age of DNA barcoding: the resource, the promise and the challenges ahead
Authors: Joly Simon , Davies T. Jonathan , Archambault Annie , Bruneau Anne , Derry Alison , Kembel Steven W. , Peres‐Neto Pedro , Vamosi Jana , Wheeler Terry A. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractTen years after DNA barcoding was initially suggested as a tool to identify species, millions of barcode sequences from more than 1100 species are available in public databases. While several studies have reviewed the methods and potential applications of DNA barcoding, most have focused on species identification and discovery, and relatively few have addressed applications of DNA barcoding data to ecology. These data, and the associated information on the evolutionary histories of taxa that they can provide, offer great opportunities for ecologists to investigate questions that were previously difficult or impossible to address. We present an overview of potential uses of DNA barcoding relevant in the age of ecoinformatics, including applications in community ecology, species invasion, macroevolution, trait evolution, food webs and trophic interactions, metacommunities, and spatial ecology. We also outline some of the challenges and potential advances in DNA barcoding that lie ahead.
Detecting an elusive invasive species: a diagnostic PCR to detect Burmese python in Florida waters and an assessment of persistence of environmental DNA
Authors: Piaggio Antoinette J. , Engeman Richard M. , Hopken Matthew W. , Humphrey John S. , Keacher Kandy L. , Bruce William E. , Avery Michael L. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractRecent studies have demonstrated that detection of environmental DNA (eDNA) from aquatic vertebrates in water bodies is possible. The Burmese python, Python bivittatus, is a semi‐aquatic, invasive species in Florida where its elusive nature and cryptic coloration make its detection difficult. Our goal was to develop a diagnostic PCR to detect P. bivittatus from water‐borne eDNA, which could assist managers in monitoring this invasive species. First, we used captive P. bivittatus to determine whether reptilian DNA could be isolated and amplified from water samples. We also evaluated the efficacy of two DNA isolation methods and two DNA extraction kits commonly used in eDNA preparation. A fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene from P. bivittatus was detected in all water samples isolated with the sodium acetate precipitate and the QIAamp DNA Micro Kit. Next, we designed P. bivittatus‐specific primers and assessed the degradation rate of eDNA in water. Our primers did not amplify DNA from closely related species, and we found that P. bivittatus DNA was consistently detectable up to 96 h. Finally, we sampled water from six field sites in south Florida. Samples from five sites, where P. bivittatus has been observed, tested positive for eDNA. The final site was negative and had no prior documented evidence of P. bivittatus. This study shows P. bivittatus eDNA can be isolated from water samples; thus, this method is a new and promising technique for the management of invasive reptiles.
A new multiplex SNP genotyping assay for detecting hybridization and introgression between the M and S molecular forms of Anopheles gambiae
Authors: Lee Yoosook , Marsden Clare D. , Nieman Catelyn , Lanzaro Gregory C. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe M and S forms of Anopheles gambiae have been the subject of intense study, but are morphologically indistinguishable and can only be identified using molecular techniques. PCR‐based assays to distinguish the two forms have been designed and applied widely. However, the application of these assays towards identifying hybrids between the two forms, and backcrossed hybrids in particular, has been problematic as the currently available diagnostic assays are based on single locus and/or are located within a multicopy gene. Here, we present an alternative genotyping method for detecting hybridization and introgression between M and S molecular forms based on a multilocus panel of single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) fixed between the M and S forms. The panel of SNPs employed is located in so‐called islands of divergence leading us to describe this method as the ‘Divergence Island SNP’ (DIS) assay. We show this multilocus SNP genotyping approach can robustly and accurately detect F1 hybrids as well as backcrossed individuals.