bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regional Appraisal of the Fluoride Occurrence in Groundwaters of Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Rao P. N. , Rao A. D. , Bhargav J. S. , Sankar K. Siva , Sudarshan G. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract:
Fluoride (F−) is essential for normal bone growth, but higher concentration in the drinking water causes health problems which are reported in many states of India. Andhra Pradesh is one of the states which suffer from excess fluoride in groundwater particularly in the hard rock terrain. In this context, a study was conducted in Andhra Pradesh based on chemical analysis of water samples from hydrograph net work stations (dug wells) and exploratory bore wells. The concentration of fluoride in groundwaters ranges from traces to 9.75 mg/l. The occurrence of fluoride is mostly sporadic, uneven and varies with depth. The highly affected districts include Nalgonda and Warangal in Telangana region, Prakasam in coastal region, Anantapur and Kurnool in Rayalaseema region. In certain areas of Nalgonda district, 85% of wells have fluoride more than permissible limit (&gt; 1.5 mg/l) for drinking water. High F− is present in all the geological formations, predominantly in granitic aquifers, compared to the other formations. The average value of fluoride is high in the deeper zone (1.10 mg/L), compared to the shallow zone (0.69 mg/L). The fluoride-rich minerals present are the main sources for fluoride concentrations in groundwater. Residence time, evapotranspiration and weathering processes are some of the other supplementary factors for high fluoride concentrations in groundwater. Long-term data of hydrograph net work stations (dug wells) reveal that fluoride concentrations do not show any marked change of trend with respect to time. The concentration of fluoride is found to increase with increase of Na+and HCO3−, and decrease with increase of Ca2+. Sodium bicarbonate waters are more effective in releasing fluoride from minerals into groundwater. High fluoride waters are of Na+ type. The paper presents a brief account of the study and its results.
Defibrillation lead placement using a transthoracic transatrial approach in a case without transvenous access due to lack of the right superior vena cava
Authors: Otsuka Yosuke , Okamura Hideo , Sato Syunsuke , Nakajima Ikutaro , Ishibashi Kohei , Miyamoto Kouji , Noda Takashi , Aiba Takeshi , Kamakura Shiro , Kobayashi Junjiro , Yasuda Satoshi , Ogawa Hisao , Kusano Kengo 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA 65‐year‐old woman with a history of syncope was diagnosed with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. She had previously undergone mastectomy of the left breast owing to breast cancer. Holter electrocardiogram (ECG) and monitor ECG revealed sick sinus syndrome (Type II) and non‐sustained ventricular tachycardia. Sustained ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation were induced in an electrophysiological study. Although the patient was eligible for treatment with a dual chamber implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD), venography revealed lack of the right superior vena cava (R‐SVC). Lead placement from the left subclavian vein would have increased the risk of lymphedema owing to the patient's mastectomy history. Consequently, the defibrillation lead was placed in the right ventricle by direct puncture of the right auricle through the tricuspid valve. The atrial lead was sutured to the atrial wall, and the postoperative course was unremarkable. Defibrillation lead placement using a transthoracic transatrial approach can be an alternative method in cases where a transvenous approach for lead placement is not feasible.
Numerical investigation of the generation and growth of coherent flow structures in a triggered turbulent spot
Authors: Brinkerhoff Joshua R. , Yaras Metin I. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractMultiple mechanisms for the regeneration of hairpin-like coherent flow structures in transitional and turbulent boundary layers have been proposed in the published literature, but a complete understanding of the typical topologies of coherent structures observed in the literature has not yet been achieved. To contribute to this understanding, a numerical study is performed of a turbulent spot triggered in a zero-pressure-gradient laminar boundary layer by a pulsed, transverse jet. Two direct numerical simulations (DNS) capture the growth of the spot into a mature turbulent region containing a large number of coherent vortical flow structures. The boundary-layer Reynolds number based on the test-surface streamwise length is $\mathit{Re}_{L}=309\,200$. The internal structure of the spot is characterized by densely spaced packets of hairpin vortices. Lateral growth of the spot occurs as new hairpin vortices form along the spanwise edges of the spot. The formation of these hairpin vortices is attributed to unstable shear layers that develop in the streamwise–spanwise plane due to the wall-normal motions induced by the streamwise oriented legs of hairpin vortices within the spot. Results are presented that highlight the mechanism by which the instability of such shear layers forms wavepackets of hairpin vortices; how the formation of these vortices produces a flow environment that promotes the creation of new hairpin vortices; and how the newly created hairpin vortices impact the production of turbulence kinetic energy in the flow region surrounding the spot. A quantitative description of the hairpin-vortex regeneration mechanism based on the transport of the instantaneous vorticity vector is presented to illustrate how the velocity and vorticity fields interact with the local strain rates to promote the growth of coherent vortical structures. The simulation results also shed light on a mechanism that seems to have a dominant influence on the formation of the calmed region in the wake of the turbulent spot.
CharcotianaandAmundsenia, two new genera inTeloschistaceae(lichenized Ascomycota, subfamilyXanthorioideae) hosting two new species from continental Antarctica, andAustroplaca frigida, a new name for a continental Antarctic species
Authors: SØCHTING Ulrik , GARRIDO-BENAVENT Isaac , SEPPELT Rod , CASTELLO Miris , PÉREZ-ORTEGA Sergio , DE LOS RÍOS MURILLO Asunción , SANCHO Leopoldo Garcia , FRÖDÉN Patrik , ARUP Ulf 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBased on a combined three locus analysis two new genera,CharcotianaandAmundsenia,are proposed in the lichen familyTeloschistaceae, subfamilyXanthorioideae.Charcotianaincludes the new speciesC. antarctica, which is known only from continental Antarctica. The bipolar genusAmundseniaincludes the new speciesA. austrocontinentalis, which is also known only from continental Antarctica, and the Arctic speciesCaloplaca approximatawhich is here combined into the new genus. The two new genera are phylogenetically distinct, but poor in morphological characters; the new species consist mainly of minute apothecia in cracks of rocks located in the climatically harshest regions of the Antarctic. They are somewhat similar to another continental Antarctic species,Austroplaca frigida,which is described as a new name based on the illegitimate nameCaloplaca frigidaSøchting. The distribution of the four species is mapped.
A world key to species of the generaTopeliaandThelopsis(Stictidaceae), with the description of three new species from Brazil and Argentina
Authors: APTROOT André , MENDONÇA Cléverton de Oliveira , FERRARO Lidia Itati , CÁCERES Marcela Eugenia da Silva 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe following new corticolous species are described.Thelopsis cruciataAptroot & M. Cáceres, with an olive-green thallus, immersed red-brown perithecia andc.50–100 cruciate ascospores per ascus, 7–10×4–7 µm, from Brazil.Topelia argentinensisAptroot, L. I. Ferraro & M. Cáceres, with a verrucose, partly almost isidiate, greenish grey thallus, immersed pinkish perithecia and 8 uniseriate muriform ascospores per ascus, 12–17×7–11 µm, from Argentina.Topelia tetrasporaAptroot & M. Cáceres, with ac.0·1–0·6 mm thick layer of coralloid to usually flattened, irregularly palmately branched isidiac.0·05 mm diam., ascospores 15–19×2–6-septate, muriform, ellipsoid, 39–50×11–16 µm, only up to 4 per ascus maturing, from Brazil.Thelopsis inordinatais reported for the first time from South America, from Guyana. A key is given to all currently known species ofTopeliaandThelopsis. The distinction between these genera has become arbitrary with the recent addition of more or less intermediate species.
Sphinctrina tigillaris, an overlooked species of Chaenothecopsis growing on Perenniporia meridionalis, a polypore new to the UK
Authors: HAWKSWORTH David L. , AGUIRRE-HUDSON Begoña , AINSWORTH A. Martyn 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe original material of Sphinctrina tigillaris, collected in 1864, was relocated, re-examined, found to represent a species of Chaenothecopsis, and is transferred to that genus as C. tigillaris comb. nov. It occurred on a specimen of a polypore, now identified as Perenniporia meridionalis, on a beam in a Northamptonshire church, and does not appear to have been collected since. Perenniporia meridionalis is a predominantly central and southern European species which has not previously been recognized in the British Isles, although other English specimens have now been located in collections at Kew and referred to the related P. medulla-panis. The name Sphinctrina tigillaris had been overlooked since its original description in 1865, and is nomenclaturally distinct from Lichen tigillaris, the basionym of Cyphelium tigillare. Notes on five other calicioid fungi found on polypores, and a key to the six now known, are also included.
Prevalence and predictors of coronary artery disease in adults with Kawasaki disease
Authors: Garg Jalaj , Krishnamoorthy Parasuram , Palaniswamy Chandrasekar , Paudel Rajiv , Chatterjee Saurav , Ahmad Hasan , Snyder Christopher 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackground:Accelerated coronary atherosclerosis in patients with Kawasaki disease, in conjunction with coronary artery aneurysm and stenosis that characterise this disease, are potential risk factors for developing coronary artery disease in young adults. We aimed to determine the prevalence and predictors of coronary artery disease in adult patients with Kawasaki disease.Methods:All patients aged 18−55 years of age diagnosed with Kawasaki disease were sampled from Nationwide Inpatient Sample database using International Classification of Diseases 9th revision (ICD 9 code 446.1) from 2009 to 2010. Demographics, prevalence of coronary artery disease, and other traditional risk factors in adult patients with Kawasaki disease were analysed using ICD 9 codes.Results:The prevalence of Kawasaki disease among adults was 0.0005% (n=215) of all in-hospital admissions in United States. The mean age was 27.3 years with women (27.6 years) older than men (27.1 years). Traditional risk factors were hypertension (21%), hyperlipidaemia (15.6%), diabetes (11.5%), tobacco use (8.8%), and obesity (8.8%), with no significant difference between men and women. Coronary artery disease (32.4%), however, was more prevalent in men (44.7%) than in women (12.1%; p=0.03). In multivariate regression analysis, after adjusting for demographics and traditional risk factors, hypertension (OR=13.2, p=0.03) was an independent risk factor of coronary artery disease.Conclusion:There was increased preponderance of coronary artery disease in men with Kawasaki disease. On multivariate analysis, hypertension was found to be the only independent predictor of coronary artery disease in this population after adjusting for other risk factors.
Boundaries Blurred? Folklore, Mythology, History and the Quest for an Alternative Genealogy in North-east India
Authors: RAY SOHINI 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis paper analyses the use of religious folklore among the Meitei people of Manipur in northeastern India in the creation of a racial identity. After the Meiteis, who are ethnically Southeast Asian, were forced to convert to Hinduism in the early eighteenth century by the Manipuri king Garibniwaz, they were provided with a number of folklores regarding their origin that combined Hindu and indigenous Meitei deities and myths. Recently, the rise of anti-Hindu sentiment in Manipur—spurred by a movement to revive the indigenous Meitei religion and a strained political relationship with India—has led to the questioning of the validity of these stories by Meitei academics. As a result a new cannon of literature is being developed by scholars that link the origin of the community to its Southeast Asian roots. Discovering the racial identity of the Meitei people has motived this movement. This paper analyzes the multiple meanings that mythologies concerning origin hold in contemporary Meitei society and challenges the modern notion that historical consciousness is absolute truth.
TheHistory of a Loyal Heart (Xin shi): a late-Ming forgery
Authors: HAW STEPHEN G. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractTheHistory of a Loyal Heart (Xin shi)is allegedly a work by the Song loyalist, Zheng Sixiao, written to bemoan the fate of the Song empire after its conquest by the Mongols. There have always been doubts about its authenticity, however, and many scholars have believed it to be a forgery. The arguments for and against this have remained inconclusive, and the work has been commonly used as a source for the history of the Song–Yuan transition period. This article adduces compelling evidence to show that there can be very little doubt that it is a late-Ming forgery. Some of the implications of this conclusion are briefly addressed.
Microstructural Changes in Copper–Graphite–Alumina Nanocomposites Produced by Mechanical Alloying
Authors: Rodrigues Ivan , Guedes Mafalda , Ferro Alberto C. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractMicrostructural features of nanostructured copper-matrix composites produced via high-energy milling were studied. Copper–graphite–alumina batches were planetary ball milled up to 16 h; copper–graphite batches were also prepared under the same conditions to evaluate the effect of contamination from the milling media. The microstructure of the produced materials was characterized by field emission gun scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive spectroscopy and related to Raman, X-ray diffraction, and particle size analysis results. Results showed that alumina was present in all milled powders. However, size reduction was effective at shorter times in the copper–graphite–alumina system. In both cases the produced powders were nanostructured, containing graphite and alumina nanoparticles homogeneously distributed in the copper matrix, especially for longer milling times and in the presence of added alumina. Copper crystallite size was significantly affected above 4 h milling; nanographite size decreased and incipient amorphization occurred. A minimum size of 15 nm was obtained for the copper crystallite copper–alumina–graphite composite powders, corresponding to 16 h of milling. Contamination from the media became more significant above 8 h. Results suggest that efficient dispersion and bonding of graphite and alumina nanoparticles in the copper matrix is achieved, envisioning high conductivity, high strength, and thermal stability.
RAGE is essential for oncogenic KRAS-mediated hypoxic signaling in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Kang R , Hou W , Zhang Q , Chen R , Lee Y J , Bartlett D L , Lotze M T , Tang D , Zeh H J 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA hypoxic tumor microenvironment is characteristic of many cancer types, including one of the most lethal, pancreatic cancer. We recently demonstrated that the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) has an important role in promoting the development of pancreatic cancer and attenuating the response to chemotherapy. We now demonstrate that binding of RAGE to oncogenic KRAS facilitates hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF1)α activation and promotes pancreatic tumor growth under hypoxic conditions. Hypoxia induces NF-κB-dependent and HIF1α-independent RAGE expression in pancreatic tumor cells. Moreover, the interaction between RAGE and mutant KRAS increases under hypoxia, which in turn sustains KRAS signaling pathways (RAF-MEK-ERK and PI3K-AKT), facilitating stabilization and transcriptional activity of HIF1α. Knock down of RAGE in vitro inhibits KRAS signaling, promotes HIF1α degradation, and increases hypoxia-induced pancreatic tumor cell death. RAGE-deficient mice have impaired oncogenic KRAS-driven pancreatic tumor growth with significant downregulation of the HIF1α signaling pathway. Our results provide a novel mechanistic link between NF-κB, KRAS, and HIF1α, three potent molecular pathways in the cellular response to hypoxia during pancreatic tumor development and suggest alternatives for preventive and therapeutic strategies.
CTGF increases vascular endothelial growth factor-dependent angiogenesis in human synovial fibroblasts by increasing miR-210 expression
Authors: Liu S-C , Chuang S-M , Hsu C-J , Tsai C-H , Wang S-W , Tang C-H 
Published: October 2014

AbstractConnective tissue growth factor (CTGF, a.k.a. CCN2) is inflammatory mediator and abundantly expressed in osteoarthritis (OA). Angiogenesis is essential for OA progression. Here, we investigated the role of CTGF in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production and angiogenesis in OA synovial fibroblasts (OASFs). We showed that expression of CTGF and VEGF in synovial fluid were higher in OA patients than in controls. Directly applying CTGF to OASFs increased VEGF production then promoted endothelial progenitor cells tube formation and migration. CTGF induced VEGF by raising miR-210 expression via PI3K, AKT, ERK, and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)/ELK1 pathways. CTGF-mediating miR-210 upregulation repressed glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1-like (GPD1L) expression and PHD activity and subsequently promoted hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α-dependent VEGF expression. Knockdown of CTGF decreased VEGF expression and abolished OASF-conditional medium-mediated angiogenesis in vitro as well as angiogenesis in chick chorioallantoic membrane and Matrigel-plug nude mice model in vivo. Taken together, our results suggest CTGF activates PI3K, AKT, ERK, and NF-κB/ELK1 pathway, leading to the upregulation of miR-210, contributing to inhibit GPD1L expression and prolyl hydroxylases 2 activity, promoting HIF-1α-dependent VEGF expression and angiogenesis in human synovial fibroblasts.
Bortezomib sensitises TRAIL-resistant HPV-positive head and neck cancer cells to TRAIL through a caspase-dependent, E6-independent mechanism
Authors: Bullenkamp J , Raulf N , Ayaz B , Walczak H , Kulms D , Odell E , Thavaraj S , Tavassoli M 
Published: October 2014

AbstractHuman papillomavirus (HPV) is causative for a new and increasing form of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs). Although localised HPV-positive cancers have a favourable response to radio-chemotherapy (RT/CT), the impact of HPV in advanced or metastatic HNSCC remains to be defined and targeted therapeutics need to be tested for cancers resistant to RT/CT. To this end, we investigated the sensitivity of HPV-positive and -negative HNSCC cell lines to TRAIL (tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand), which induces tumour cell-specific apoptosis in various cancer types. A clear correlation was observed between HPV positivity and resistance to TRAIL compared with HPV-negative head and neck cancer cell lines. All TRAIL-resistant HPV-positive cell lines tested were sensitised to TRAIL-induced cell death by treatment with bortezomib, a clinically approved proteasome inhibitor. Bortezomib-mediated sensitisation to TRAIL was associated with enhanced activation of caspase-8, -9 and -3, elevated membrane expression levels of TRAIL-R2, cytochrome c release and G2/M arrest. Knockdown of caspase-8 significantly blocked cell death induced by the combination therapy, whereas the BH3-only protein Bid was not required for induction of apoptosis. XIAP depletion increased the sensitivity of both HPV-positive and -negative cells to TRAIL alone or in combination with bortezomib. In contrast, restoration of p53 following E6 knockdown in HPV-positive cells had no effect on their sensitivity to either single or combination therapy, suggesting a p53-independent pathway for the observed response. In summary, bortezomib-mediated proteasome inhibition sensitises previously resistant HPV-positive HNSCC cells to TRAIL-induced cell death through a mechanism involving both the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of apoptosis. The cooperative effect of these two targeted anticancer agents therefore represents a promising treatment strategy for RT/CT-resistant HPV-associated head and neck cancers.
A tree-ring reconstruction of the South Asian summer monsoon index over the past millennium
Authors: Shi Feng , Li Jianping , Wilson Rob J. S. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe South Asian summer monsoon (SASM) is a major atmospheric synoptic climate system affecting nearly a quarter of the human population. Climate proxy data derived from tree rings, ice cores, speleothems and other sources can all contribute to an understanding of SASM variability prior to instrumental period. Here, we develop an optimal information extraction (OIE) method, which we use to reconstruct the SASM index (SASMI) over the last millennium using 15 tree-ring chronologies. The record generated is significantly correlated (r = 0.7, p < 0.01) with the instrumental SASMI record on annual timescales; this correlation is higher than that obtained in any previous study. The reconstructed SASMI captures 18 of 26 (69%) reordered historical famine events in India over the last millennium; notably, 11 of 16 short events with durations of 1–3 years are accurately depicted in our reconstruction. Moreover, the reconstructed SASMI is positively correlated with variations in total solar irradiance (TSI) on multi-decadal timescales implying that variations in solar activity may influence the SASM. Based on the response of SASM to 34 significant volcanic events using the superposed epoch analysis, the volcanic forcing may drive a weak SASM in the second year of an eruption.
Structures and characteristics of delafossite CuCr1−xO2 thin films prepared by pulsed laser deposition
Authors: Sidik Umar , Kim Jung Hee , Kim Hae‐Kyoung , Lee Hee Young , Lee Jai‐Yeoul 
Published: October 2014

The effects of Cr‐stoichiometry on the structural, electrical and optical properties of delafossite‐type CuCrO2 thin films are reported. Thin films were grown by pulsed laser deposition on glass and c‐sapphire single‐crystal substrates, and the effects of increased temperature on the thin film properties were examined. The substrate temperature and oxygen partial pressure were found to be important processing parameters for fabricating delafossite thin films. The electrical properties of the thin films generally improved with increasing substrate temperature. The properties of the thin films depend on the crystallinity. The improvements in crystallinity and electrical conductivity were made by increasing the Cr‐deficiency in the CuCr1 −x O2 system. By optimising processing parameters, the electrical conductivity of a CuCr1 −x O2 thin film was 8.30 S/cm (x = 0.00) and this increased with the introduction of Cr‐deficiency to 21.03 S/cm (x = 0.03) with a mean optical transmittance of 60%. The bandgaps of the thin films ranged from approximately 3.00 to 3.22 eV.