bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new sauropod dinosaur with prosauropod-like teeth from the Middle Jurassic of Madagascar
Authors: Buffetaut Eric 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA dentary bone containing several teeth, from the Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) of northwestern Madagascar is described as the type of a new sauropod dinosaur taxon, Archaeodontosaurus descouensi, n.g., n.sp. This taxon is characterised by the unusual combination of a dentary with a deep anterior part, as in advanced sauropods, and teeth with large serrations and a convex lingual side, which resemble the teeth of prosauropods. A more common pattern in early sauropods is the combination of a low, prosauropod-like dentary and spoon-shaped, sauropod-like teeth. Although the condition in Archaeodontosaurus descouensi strongly suggests that basal sauropods had prosauropod-like teeth, what is known of the jaw and dentition in various early and middle Jurassic sauropods indicates mosaic evolution along different paths during the early diversification of the group. Archaeodontosaurus descouensi differs from Jurassic sauropod material from Madagascar, previously described as Bothriospondylus and Lapparentosaurus, which needs revision. It appears that at least two distinct sauropods, with different tooth morphologies, are present in the Middle Jurassic of Madagascar.
Material-Balance Method for Dual-Porosity Reservoirs With Recovery Curves To Model the Matrix/Fracture Transfer
Authors: Mittermeir Georg M. 
Published: February 2015

Summary
This paper presents a material-balance (MB) method applicable to naturally fractured dual-porosity reservoirs by considering the matrix/fracture transfer. The method is based on the recognition that the performance of water and gas displacement from matrix blocks can be depicted in the form of recovery factor vs. time. These recovery curves determine the matrix/fracture oil transfer. The reservoir pressure change depends on the original fluids in place and the strength of the aquifer. Thus, a close relationship between the recovery curves and the observed reservoir state (e.g., pressure, position of the phase contacts, water cut, and gas/oil ratio), the aquifer parameters, and the matrix/fracture oil transfer exists. Concerning the matrix blocks, the surrounding fracture continuum sets the boundary conditions by acting as an injector. The injection rates are predefined by the provided recovery curves, which one can obtain with different methods. They can be calculated by fine-scale single matrix-block models (Pirker et al. 2007), derived from conventional full-field numerical models, measured in a laboratory autoclave (Mattax and Kyte 1962), or determined by theoretical means (Davis and Hill 1982). The recovery curves can be scaled and normalized, making them applicable within a certain rock type to a wide range of rock parameters, namely shape factor, permeability, and porosity (Amiry 2014). While in a full-field model, various rock types can be identified; in MB calculations, however, they must be reduced to a single rock type. MB calculations—irrespective of conventional single-porosity methods or the herein-presented approach for dual-porosity naturally fractured reservoirs—are always conducted on a homogenized reservoir model. Therefore, variations in rock and pressure/volume/temperature properties cannot be taken into account. The recovery process is governed by two parameters—the asymptotic value of the recovery function and the time-scaling factor. These two parameters can be used for matching the observed reservoir performance. The new MB method matches both the reservoir pressure and the positions of the phase contacts. It also provides aquifer and matrix/fracture fluid-transfer models. Applying the parameters of those models in prediction mode and assuming a future production strategy, reservoir-pressure decline and phase-contact movements can be forecasted. The paper presents the calculation schema and the successful application to a field with more than 500 million STB of original oil in place and a 35-year production history. For the first time, it becomes possible to realistically—this means by fully considering the governing recovery mechanisms and thus the matrix/fracture transfer—calculate MB for naturally fractured dual-porosity reservoirs.
A New Drill Pipe Design Virtually Eliminates Failures That Result from Slip Damage
Authors: Wilson G. E. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Drill strings made prior to 1982 were not designed to meet the rigorous demands of today's drilling. Deeper wells and higher angle holes are requiring higher pump pressure, and more tensile and torque capacity. Back-reaming wells, with the use of a power swivel, is agitating these conditions even further.
Recent work has been done to improve the fatigue life of drill pipe by making drill pipe with longer internal taper upsets and stress relief grooves.
Even though improvements have been made, slip damage still takes its toll on drill pipe. This paper addresses the failures caused by slip damage and offers a solution for solving this problem. Finite element work and fatigue testing has been done to prove the effectiveness of this new drill pipe design.
Peritoneal Adhesions as a Cause of Mechanical Small Bowel Obstruction Based on Own Experience
Authors: Morawski Bartłomiej , Nawrot Ireneusz , Klonowski Włodzimierz , Mądrecki Marek , Tarnowski Wiesław 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBowel obstruction is a condition which has been known for many years. As time goes by, the problem is still often encountered at surgical emergency rooms. More than 20% of emergency surgical interventions are performed because of symptoms of digestive tract obstruction with the disease mostly situated in the small bowel. Rates of causative factors of the disease have changed over recent years and there have been increasingly more cases of small bowel obstruction caused by peritoneal adhesions, i.e., adhesive small bowel obstruction (ASBO).to analyse the reasons and incidence of adhesive small bowel obstruction during two periods of time (1990-1995 and 2005-2010).We performed a retrospective analysis of medical records of patients hospitalized at the 1We found that the incidence of adhesive small bowel obstruction increased from 58 cases in the first period to 215 cases in the second one, and the outcomes improved. The proportion of patients who underwent surgery diminished from 38% to 13%. The mean hospitalization time shortened and was 11.3 days and 6.95 days during 1990-1995 and 2005-2010 periods of time, respectively. In the first group, patients who had a surgery were hospitalized for 17.8 days and those who were treated conservatively for 8.08 days. In the second group, the mean hospital stay decreased to 15.6 days and 5.7 days in the case of surgical and conservative treatment, respectively. The age of onset declined from 56.63 years in the first period to 52.54 years in the other one.Analysed data show an increasing number of patients with adhesive small bowel obstruction. The highest risk of the disease was associated with operations on the large bowel and gynaecological procedures.
Successful Endoscopic Treatment of a Postoperative Tracheomediastinal Fistula Caused by Anastomotic Insufficiency after Esophageal Resection with Fibrin Glue
Authors: Weiss Guenter , Wex Cora , Lippert Hans , Schreiber Jens , Meyer Frank 
Published: February 2015

AbstractFistula development after esophageal resection is considered as one of the most serious postoperative complications.The authors reported a case on clinical experiences in the postoperative diagnostic and successful therapeutic management of a tracheomediastinal fistula after esophageal resection, using endoscopic application of fibrin glue.The early approach of an anastomotic insufficiency after esophageal resection because of a squamous cell carcinoma (pT3pN0M0G2) below the tracheal bifurcation including transposition of a re-modelled gastric tube and end-to-side anastomosis 24 hours postoperatively in a 55-year old patient combined i) surgical re-intervention from the periesophageal site (reanastomosis, gastroplication, lavage, local and mediastinal drainage) and, later on, ii) extensive rinsing with consecutive endoscopic fibrin glue application into the tracheal mouth of the subsequently developed tracheomediastinal fistula as a consequence of the inflammatory changes within the surrounding tissue.In conclusion, this approach was successful and beneficial for the patient's further postoperative course, which was associated with other complications such as pneumonia and acute myocardial infarction. The fistula closed sufficiently and permanently with no further surgical intervention at the tracheal as well as mediastinal site and allowed patient's later discharge with no further complaints or problems.
Smoking and Alcohol Intake among Students in Medical College of South Western Region, Nepal
Authors: Jha S K , Agrawal R , Dhakal P K , Nepal M , Jayan A , Gautam Narayan 
Published: February 2015

INTRODUCTION: There is lack of data related to smoking and alcohol intake status with concomitant health and academic related problem to medical students. Hence this study is undertaken to compare smoking and alcohol intake habits among medical students from second to fourth year of their medical education. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A self-directed questionnaire on smoking and alcohol intake habits were distributed among students of second year to fourth year who were willing to participate in this study. All participants were told to fill questions regarding their past and current history of smoking and alcohol intake anonymously. RESULTS: Out of 300 participants comprising male 201 (67%) and female 99 (33 %) medical students, the smoker was 27 (9%) and alcoholic was 61 (20.33%). There were significantly high frequency of male smoker 24 (8%) and male alcoholic 43 (14.33%) as compared to female smoker 3 (1%) and female alcoholic 18 (6%) respectively. The frequency of smoking and alcohol intake among only male participants was found to be 11.91% and 21.39% which is comparable to frequency of only female participants 3.03% and 18.18% respectively. The average cigarette consumption before joining medical school was 2.83/day but after joining it has been increased to 5.15/day. Similarly, the average alcohol intake in one sitting was observed 689.26ml after joining medical college. The average cage questionnaire score for smoker and alcoholic were 0.96 and 1.0 respectively depending on positive response. CONCLUSION: The high frequency of smoking and alcohol intake among medical students can create havoc in social, health and academic matters. The male students were observed to be more abused in such type of habit as compared to female counterpart. But it is equally important to be noted that the significant less number of female participants and social boundaries for getting cigarette and alcohol might have obscured the actual frequency of their abuse to smoke and alcohol intake. Hence, the health institution should made awareness campaign to the medical students earlier from their entry to the medical school.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jucms.v2i4.12038Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences (2014) Vol.02 No.04 Issue 08Page: 19-23
Continuous within‐plant variation as a source of intraspecific functional diversity: Patterns, magnitude, and genetic correlates of leaf variability in Helleborus foetidus (Ranunculaceae)
Authors: Herrera Carlos M. , Medrano Mónica , Bazaga Pilar 
Published: February 2015

• Premise of the study: Continuous within‐plant variation in quantitative traits of reiterated, homologous structures is a component of intraspecific variation, but its contribution to functional diversity remains largely unexplored. For the perennial Helleborus foetidus, we measured functional leaf traits to quantify the contribution of within‐plant variation to intraspecific functional variance and evaluate whether within‐plant variability itself deserves separate consideration.• Methods: Within‐individual variation in eight leaf traits was quantified for 138 plants sampled from 10 widely spaced locations in the Sierra de Cazorla, southeastern Spain. An amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technique was used to look for associations between within‐plant variability and specific AFLP markers.• Key results: Leaflets from basal positions in ramets were longer, heavier, had greater surface area and larger stomata, and lower specific area, stomatal index, and stomatal density than those from distal positions. Continuous variation between leaves from the same ramet was the main source of population‐wide variance for most traits. Within‐plant variability differed among populations. Individuals differed in within‐plant variability, which was largely independent of trait means and associated with genetic characteristics. Up to four AFLP markers were associated with the within‐plant variability level of a given leaf trait.• Conclusions: Subindividual variability in continuous leaf traits was independent of plant means and related to genetic features. The within‐individual component generally exceeded the between‐individual component of intraspecific variance. Within‐plant variation may broaden the ecological breadth and enhance stability and persistence of plant populations and communities and may provide novel insights when incorporated in trait‐based community ecology models.
Safety and Cost Efficiency in Thyroid Surgery
Authors: Gough Ian R , Young-Chul Oh Thomas 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTAimRecent developments in technology aim to reduce operative time and improve safety, albeit at significant cost. Thyroidectomy is a common procedure worldwide and an assessment of costefficiency is important.Materials and methodsAn audit of prospectively collected data on all thyroidectomies performed by a single endocrine surgeon at two private hospitals from 2009 to 2013. The technique was a conventional open dissection emphasizing capsular dissection with ligature and ligaclip and without intraoperative nerve monitoring (IONM). The operative duration was compared to those reported in literature with the use of vessel sealing devices (VSDs). Estimated time-dependent operating theater cost was used to determine the amount of time saving required by VSDs to match the costefficiency of our technique.ResultsThere were 503 thyroidectomies with the expected mix of pathologies. There were zero permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve injuries (0.5% temporary, 746 nerves at risk), 0.6% permanent hypoparathyroidism (19.5% temporary, 308 completion and total thyroidectomies) and 0.6% hematoma. These outcomes compare favorably with published best practice. The median skin to skin operating time was 59 minutes for total and 35 minutes for hemithyroidectomies which are shorter than those reported with VSDs. The minimum time reduction required by VSDs to match the costefficiency of our technique was 27 minutes for hemithyroidectomy and 15 minutes for total thyroidectomy, which are longer than those reported in the literature.ConclusionDespite the current popularity of VSDs and the promotion of IONM, their routine use may not be justified. Technique is more important than technology.How to cite this articleYoung-Chul OT, Gough I. Safety and Cost Efficiency in Thyroid Surgery. World J Endoc Surg 2014;6(3):101-106.
Journal Clubs in Endocrine Surgery
Authors: Pradhan Roma , Tripati Navneet , Bansal Naval 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT
Journal clubs are a medium to educate clinicians about the process of evidence based medicine. They are effective strategy to keep endocrine surgeons up to date with relevant literature. However, this exercise needs considerable expertise, skill and dedication on the part of both the presenter and moderator to make it a successful one. We have addressed the methodology for an effective journal club.

How to cite this article
Sabaretnam M, Tripati N, Bansal N, Pradhan R, Agarwal A. Journal Clubs in Endocrine Surgery. World J Endoc Surg 2014;6(3):123-126.
Brain Drain: Migration of Healthcare Professionals in a Globalized World
Authors: Mahindra Gaurav , Dangi Hamendra Kumar 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT
Social, economic and technological developments due to globalization have led to a surge in international demand for skilled workforce. Developed economies have made concerted efforts in not only attracting but also in retaining such human capital. Healthcare sector has been no exception. With limited career opportunities within their own country and a host of pull factors in developed countries, India and other developing countries have seen an exodus of medical and other professionals, what is known as ‘Brain Drain’. Shortages thus resulting from migration of health workers have even mitigated the effects of increased domestic healthcare spending. The health workers hold strategic importance in a nation's health systems and disease control initiatives. The resulting imbalances could have a detrimental effect on the social as well as economic fabric of such sending countries. This study is an effort in understanding the factors encouraging human capital flight and thus seeking short-term and long-term measures in dealing with it. This research brings forth strategies to deal with brain drain by forming mutually beneficial relationships with the diasporas. This reciprocity will lead to circulation of skills between source and receiving countries. Formulating suitable policies would ensure correcting the human resource imbalances within countries on a sustainable basis.

How to cite this article
Mahindra G, Dangi HK. Brain Drain: Migration of Healthcare Professionals in a Globalized World. Int J Res Foundation Hosp Healthc Adm 2014;2(2):63-72.
Gap Analysis between Patients’ Expectations and Services Provided by Pharmacy Store of a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Bajpai Jharna , Gurbani Nirmal K 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT
Pharmacy store of hospital is among one the major revenue generating area of hospital. Its performance can be a vital element in the success of any upcoming hospital. Nowadays, not only the availability of prescribed drugs matters but explanation of dose, frequency and duration of drugs to be taken, behavior of pharmacist and waiting time to get drugs play an important role in satisfaction of patients. The pharmacy store of the hospital provides more specialized and more time-saving services for patients. It also eases the financial burden on pharmacy users via drug discounts. A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted on 90 respondents. A self administered predesigned, pretested, structured questionnaire was given to selected respondents on first contact to the pharmacy store of the hospital with the aim to study the perception of patients and hospital on various parameters. Seventy-one percent respondents appreciated the accessibility to pharmacy. When segregated by sociodemographic characteristics females showed greater level of satisfaction than males, respondents above 50 years of age, respondents who were unmarried, those who had came for a follow-up were most satisfied with services. Eighty-six percent respondents appreciated the politeness in communication by pharmacists. There was some discordance between the perception of patients and the perception of hospital in accessibility to pharmacy. A large number of respondents were satisfied with clarity and brevity of information given by pharmacy staff, the presence of pharmacist, and availability of prescribed drugs.

How to cite this article
Bajpai J, Gurbani NK. Gap Analysis between Patients’ Expectations and Services Provided by Pharmacy Store of a Tertiary Care Hospital. Int J Res Foundation Hosp Healthc Adm 2014;2(2):73-78.
Need for Asset Management Systems to Improve Efficiency of Biomedical Engineering Department in Hospital
Authors: Patel Amrita , Shukla Kasturi , Uttekar Uday , Mane Mahesh , Dubey Rekha , Chandra Hem 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT

Introduction
With advanced medical equipments being developed everyday, hospitals have assets that need expert maintenance in order to ensure their proper functioning. This study was undertaken to understand the problems related to asset management faced by the biomedical engineering department (BMED) at a 390 bedded tertiary hospital in Pune, Maharashtra.

Materials and methods
The cross-sectional study was conducted at a 390 bedded tertiary care hospital in Pune, India during May 2013. The BMED staff was interviewed to identify the problems faced by them in the current manual system of equipment record maintenance and the need for a computerized BMED record system. Data from January to April 2013 were analyzed to measure total number of entries/month, time required/entry and related errors.

Results
An average of 16 hours per month were spent on manual data entry of equipment maintenance and errors due to manual system led to problems like inaccurate reports to calculate breakdown time of equipments.

Conclusion
Computerized system software is the need of the hour for managing biomedical equipments. This will save many man-hours and also make the system more efficient.

How to cite this article
Patel A, Shukla K, Uttekar U, Mane M, Dubey R, Chandra H. Need for Asset Management Systems to Improve Efficiency of Biomedical Engineering Department in Hospital. Int J Res Foundation Hosp Healthc Adm 2014;2(2): 84-86.
To Formulate a Selective Patient Safety-related Policy for a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Aggarwal V , Gupta Shakti Kumar , Arya S , Singh S 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT
Patient safety is the absence of preventable harm to a patient during the process of healthcare (WHO). Accuracy of patient identification remains a priority focus of healthcare organization. Identifying patients accurately presents many unique challenges in today's healthcare settings. We need to understand how human factors can be used to reduce adverse events. Using a human factor approach, the human system interface can be improved by providing better designed system and processes. This involves simplifying processes, standardizing procedures, providing back up when human fails, improving communication, redesigning equipment and engendering a consciousness of behavioral organization and technological limitation that lead to error. The above study was an initiative toward simplifying processes and standardizing procedures. It was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out between April to August 2013. The tool used was a check list made after an exhaustive review of literature and validated by experts in quality assurance from NABH accredited private hospitals. The study population of 100 people which included doctors, nurses, paramedical staff and quality managers of tertiary care public and private hospitals were approached for interaction against the back drop of the check list. Response rate was 61%. Policy was framed after incorporating inputs from responses received against the back drop of the check list.

How to cite this article
Singh S, Gupta SK, Arya S, Aggarwal V. To Formulate a Selective Patient Safety-related Policy for a Tertiary Care Hospital. Int J Res Foundation Hosp Healthc Adm 2014;2(2):94-102.