bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphological evolution of a well‐constrained, subaerial–subaqueous source to sink system: Wabush Lake
Authors: Turmel Dominique , Locat Jacques , Parker Gary 
Published: February 2015

AbstractSince 1964, the Iron Ore Company of Canada has deposited iron tailings resulting from mining operations into Wabush Lake, Western Labrador, Canada. This activity has resulted in a continuous hyperpycnal flow flowing over the lake floor. Bathymetric surveys were carried out between 1999 and 2008 as part of the overall environmental Iron Ore Company of Canada plans to maintain safe disposal strategies of tailings into the lake. Here, this dataset is used to study the evolution of different channels present in Wabush Lake and their link with knickpoints found at the head of most of these channels. The channels show notable evolution from one survey to the next. Some knickpoints and channels may be followed throughout more than one survey; the evolution of these knickpoints is the process responsible for the creation of erosional channels. The context in which they appear, as well as the evolution of some of the subaqueous channels is analysed. Cyclic steps and sediment waves are also found in the lake. These rhythmic bedforms, also created by the passage of turbidity currents, are analysed. Sediment waves found in Wabush Lake show values for both wavelength and wave height that are approximately one order of magnitude smaller than most of those found in the marine environment.
Phylogeny of the parasitic wasp subfamily Euphorinae (Braconidae) and evolution of its host preferences
Authors: STIGENBERG JULIA , BORING CHARLES ANDREW , RONQUIST FREDRIK 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe braconid subfamily Euphorinae is a large, cosmopolitan group of endoparasitoid wasps. The majority of species attack adult hosts, a strategy that is rare among parasitic wasps, but there are also many species that attack nymphs and larval stages. Euphorine hosts may belong to a variety of insect orders (Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Neuroptera, Psocoptera, Orthoptera and Lepidoptera) although most euphorine tribes are confined to Coleoptera. Here we investigate the phylogenetic relationships of the Euphorinae based on molecular data (3 kb of nucleotide data from four markers:18S,28S,CADandCOI) and propose a higher‐level classification based upon the resulting phylogeny. We also infer the evolution of host associations and discuss the diversification of the Euphorinae. Results from both Bayesian inference and maximum‐likelihood analysis show that the subfamily, as previously circumscribed, is paraphyletic. We propose that the subfamily be expanded to include the tribes Meteorini and Planitorini (Mannokeraia + Planitorus), so that it corresponds to a clade that is strongly supported as monophyletic in our analyses. Based on our results, a revised higher classification of the Euphorinae is proposed, in which 52 extant genera and 14 tribes are recognized. We reinstate the genusMicroctonusbelonging to the tribe Perilitini, and synonymizeUssurarideluswithHoldawayella, SinuatophoruswithEucosmophorus. Furthermore, we propose the following tribal rearrangements:SpathicopisandStenothremmaare transferred to Perilitini;Tuberidelus, EucosmophorusandPlynopsto Cosmophorini;Eccliturato Dinocampini;Chrysopophthorus, HoldawayellaandWesmaeliato Helorimorphini;ProclithroporusandHeiato Townesilitini. The monotypic tribe Cryptoxilonini is synonymized with Cosmophorini. The generaPygostolusandLitostolusare placed in a separate tribe, Pygostolini, previously recognized as a subtribe among the Centistini. Parsimony‐based ancestral state reconstructions suggest that the ancestor of Euphorinae was a parasitoid of lepidopteran larvae, and that a host shift to larval Coleoptera occurred only in one clade of the Meteorini, some members of which secondarily shifted back to larval lepidopteran hosts. In the remainder of the subfamily, there was an initial shift from larval to adult coleopterans, followed by subsequent shifts to adults or larvae of Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Neuroptera, Orthoptera and Psocoptera.
Gene polymorphisms of interleukin 28B and the risk to chronic hepatitis B virus infection in Thai
Authors: Kimkong I. , Chankaew J. , Kunanopparat A. , Hirankarn N. , Tangkijvanich P. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIn this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of interleukin 28B (IL28B) (rs12979860C/T and rs8099917G/T) on chronic hepatitis B virus (CHB) infection in Thai population. We studied 375 subjects: 83 CHB with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients, 128 CHB without HCC and 164 individuals with self‐limited HBV infection, by polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) and TaqMan allelic discrimination assay. Results revealed significant risk of IL28B rs8099917T allele associated with CHB without HCC compared with self‐limited HBV [odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval (CI)) = 2.56 (1.08–6.28), P = 0.019]. The effect of this T allele was similar to that of an autosomal recessive gene in the presence of TT genotype compared with GG and GT genotype [OR (95% CI) = 2.70 (1.11–6.77), P = 0.016, P (logistic regression) = 0.048]. The two locus haplotype analysis of the two IL28B SNP loci did not show any association with CHB (P > 0.05). In conclusion, these results suggested a IL28B rs8099917T allele predispose for susceptibility to chronic HBV infection but not leading to HCC in Thai population.
Assessment of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and tissue velocity imaging (TVI) in 14 dogs with malignant lymphoma undergoing chemotherapy treatment with doxorubicin
Authors: Tater G. , Eberle N. , Hungerbuehler S. , Joetzke A. , Nolte I. , Wess G. , Betz D. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractDoxorubicin has been shown to be cardiotoxic at high doses but is an efficacious chemotherapeutic agent in the treatment of canine lymphoma. Echocardiographic measurements and serum ultrasensitive cardiac troponin I (cTnI) levels were obtained before and after doxorubicin administration in 14 dogs diagnosed with lymphoma. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate changes in cTnI concentrations and tissue velocity imaging (TVI) values in dogs with lymphoma undergoing chemotherapy with doxorubicin. A total of 182 cTnI and 1017 TVI measurements were performed. Standard echocardiographic parameters, tissue Doppler indices and cTnI concentrations did not differ at any time point within a 12‐week cyclic combination protocol. In conclusion, the use of doxorubicin at standard doses in the treatment of canine lymphoma may not be associated with significant myocardial damage.
Weddell Sea Export Pathways from Surface Drifters
Authors: Youngs Madeleine K. , Thompson Andrew F. , Flexas M. Mar , Heywood Karen J. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe complex export pathways that connect the surface waters of the Weddell Sea with the Antarctic Circumpolar Current influence water mass modification, nutrient fluxes, and ecosystem dynamics. To study this exchange, 40 surface drifters, equipped with temperature sensors, were released into the northwestern Weddell Sea’s continental shelf and slope frontal system in late January 2012. Comparison of the drifter trajectories with a similar deployment in early February 2007 provides insight into the interannual variability of the surface circulation in this region. Observed differences in the 2007 and 2012 drifter trajectories are related to a variable surface circulation responding to changes in wind stress curl over the Weddell Gyre. Differences between northwestern Weddell Sea properties in 2007 and 2012 include 1) an enhanced cyclonic wind stress forcing over the Weddell Gyre in 2012; 2) an acceleration of the Antarctic Slope Current (ASC) and an offshore shift of the primary drifter export pathway in 2012; and 3) a strengthening of the Coastal Current (CC) over the continental shelf in 2007. The relationship between wind stress forcing and surface circulation is reproduced over a longer time period in virtual drifter deployments advected by a remotely sensed surface velocity product. The mean offshore position and speed of the drifter trajectories are correlated with the wind stress curl over the Weddell Gyre, although with different temporal lags. The drifter observations are consistent with recent modeling studies suggesting that Weddell Sea boundary current variability can significantly impact the rate and source of exported surface waters to the Scotia Sea, a process that determines regional chlorophyll distributions.
Impacts of Increasing Low-Level Shear on Supercells during the Early Evening Transition*
Authors: Coffer Brice E. , Parker Matthew D. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The dynamical response of simulated supercells to temporally increasing lower-tropospheric vertical wind shear is investigated using idealized simulations. These simulations are based upon observed soundings from two cases that underwent an early evening transition during the Second Verification of the Origins of Rotation in Tornadoes Experiment (VORTEX2). Mature supercells were simulated in observed afternoon environments with moderate vertical wind shear and then compared to simulated supercells experiencing observed evening increases in lower-tropospheric shear. The primary effect of the increase in low-level shear is to establish larger values of vertical vorticity at lower altitudes in the storm’s updraft. In turn, this leads to a nonlinear increase in the updraft strength due to the enhanced dynamic pressure minimum associated with larger vorticity in the storm’s mesocyclone. This is particularly important at low levels, where it increases the storm's ability to lift cool surface air (including outflow). Trajectories launched in developing vortices show that, despite comparable buoyant accelerations, parcels experience greater vertical velocity and stretching of vertical vorticity due to increased dynamic accelerations when the low-level shear is increased. Thus, even as low-level stability gradually increases in the early evening, the supercells’ low-level updraft intensity and surface vorticity production can increase. These results are consistent with climatological observations of a supercell’s likelihood of tornadogenesis during the early evening hours.
Laparoscopic resection of a rare gastrointestinal stromal tumor in children
Authors: Lima Mario , Gargano Tommaso , Ruggeri Giovanni , Pession Andrea , Mariotto Arianna , Maffi Michela 
Published: February 2015

Abstract

Introduction
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are uncommon mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, accounting for 0.1% to 3% of all GI malignancies. Paediatric GIST have an annual incidence of 0.02 per million children, have a female predisposition, are usually located in the stomach (50–60%) and in up to 85% of cases CD117-cKit or PDGFRA mutation is absent, resulting in a decreased efficacy of the target therapy.

Case description
We report the case of an incidentally diagnosed gastric GIST in a 14-year-old boy with multiple malformations. Genetic tests and Kariotype resulted negative.
Recently, an abdominal US visualized an hypoechoic heterogeneous abdominal mass. The common tumor markers resulted negative and the abdominal CT-scan confirmed the presence of a solid round lesion (42×36mm) in contact with the stomach and the pancreas. Laparoscopy allowed the recognition and the removal of the nodular mass at the posterior margin of the stomach. The histopathologic and the molecular biology findings were consistent with a kit-wilde type GIST. Surgical margins were microscopically free of tumor cells.
These results justify the decision not to add other surgical or medical therapy. However, for high risk of recurrence and metastasis, a close follow-up was started.

Discussion and evaluation
GIST are asymptomatic in 10% to 30% of patients or present nonspecific symptoms and signs. These tumors present usually irregular, lobulated and ulcerated. CT-scan of the abdomen and pelvis or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are mandatory in the diagnostic work-up. The final diagnosis is based on histology and immunohistochemistry. Surgery is the first-line treatment in patients with localized disease.

Conclusion
Guidelines for the management of pediatric GIST are not presently available for the paucity of reports and data. However it is widely accepted that surgery is the first-line treatment and gross resection with negative microscopic margins can be considered therapeutic and lead to full remission of the pathology. Laparoscopy is a safe surgical approach for the exploration of the abdominal cavity, the evaluation of the disease and the complete removal of the tumor.
Practical remediation of the PCB-contaminated soils
Authors: Ido Akiko , Niikawa Miki , Ishihara Shinji , Sawama Yoshinari , Nakanishi Tsuyoshi , Monguchi Yasunari , Sajiki Hironao , Nagase Hisamitsu 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
A practical method for the elimination of PCBs from PCB-contaminated soil has been developed by the combination of Soxhlet extraction using a newly-developed modified Soxhlet extractor possessing an outlet valve on the extraction chamber with the chemical degradation. Various types of PCBs contaminated in soils could be completely extracted in refluxing hexane, and the subsequent hydrodechlorination could also be completed within 1 h in a hexane–MeOH (1 : 5) solution in the presence of Pd/C and Et3N under ordinary hydrogen pressure and temperature without the transfer of the extracted PCBs to other reaction container (a complete one-pot procedure). The present system is quite useful as a simple, safe, mild and reliable remediation method of PCB-contaminated soil.
Fabrication of a wafer-scale uniform array of single-crystal organic nanowire complementary inverters by nanotransfer printing
Authors: Park Kyung Sun , Baek Jangmi , Koo Lee Yong-Eun , Sung Myung Mo 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe report the fabrication and electrical characterization of a wafer-scale array of organic complementary inverters using single-crystal 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl) pentacene (TIPS-PEN) and fullerene (C60) nanowires asp- andn-channels, respectively. Two arrays of single-crystal organic nanowires were generated consecutively on desired locations of a common substrate with a desired mutual alignment by a direct printing method (liquid-bridge-mediated nanotransfer molding). Another direct printing of silver micron scale structures, as source and drain electrodes, on the substrate with the two printed nanowire arrays produced an array of complementary inverters with a bottom gate, top contact configuration. Field-effect mobilities of single-crystal TIPS-PEN and C60nanowire field-effect transistors (FETs) in the arrays were uniform with 1.01 ± 0.14 and 0.10 ± 0.01 cm2V−1 s−1, respectively. A wafer-scale array of complementary inverters produced all by the direct printing method showed good performance with an average gain of 25 and with low variations among the inverters.
Randomized Controlled Trial of the Prophylactic Effect of Urea-Based Cream on Sorafenib-Associated Hand-Foot Skin Reactions in Patients With Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Ren ZhengGang , Zhu KangShun , Kang HaiYan , Lu MinQiang , Qu ZengQiang , Lu LiGong , Song TianQiang , Zhou WeiPing , Wang Hui , Yang WeiZhu , Wang Xuan , Yang YongPing , Shi LeHua , Bai YuXian , Guo XiaoFeng , Ye Sheng-Long 
Published: February 2015

PurposeTo assess whether urea-based cream (UBC) has prophylactic benefits on sorafenib-induced hand-foot skin reaction (HFSR) in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Patients and MethodsIn this randomized, open-label trial, 871 patients with advanced HCC throughout China were treated with 10% UBC three times per day plus best supportive care (BSC; n = 439) or BSC alone excluding all creams (n = 432), starting on day 1 of sorafenib treatment, for up to 12 weeks. HFSR was assessed every 2 weeks and at 14 weeks for patients completing the study. Once HFSR occurred, patients were allowed any cream, including a UBC.ResultsThe 12-week incidence of any grade HFSR was significantly lower in the UBC group versus the BSC-alone group (56.0% v 73.6%, respectively; odds ratio [OR], 0.457; 95% CI, 0.344 to 0.608; P < .001), as was the incidence of grade ≥ 2 HFSR (20.7% v 29.2%, respectively; OR, 0.635; 95% CI, 0.466 to 0.866; P = .004). Median time to first occurrence of HFSR was significantly longer in the UBC group than the BSC-alone group (84 v 34 days, respectively; hazard ratio, 0.658; 95% CI, 0.541 to 0.799; P < .001). Elevated AST was associated with increased risk of HFSR but did not alter the treatment effect of UBC. UBC plus BSC, compared with BSC alone, did not affect the sorafenib dose reduction or interruption rate (9.1% v 11.8%, respectively; P = .1937), response rate (11.1% v 10.1%, respectively; P = .6674), or disease control rate (98.8% v 98.2%, respectively; P = .5350) at week 12.ConclusionUBC prophylaxis in patients with advanced HCC starting sorafenib reduced HFSR rates, extended the time to first occurrence of HFSR, and improved patient quality of life compared with BSC. Blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trials to determine the role of UBC on the incidence and severity of HFSR are warranted.
Safety and Efficacy of Oral Octreotide in Acromegaly: Results of a Multicenter Phase III Trial
Authors: Melmed Shlomo , Popovic Vera , Bidlingmaier Martin , Mercado Moises , van der Lely Aart Jan , Biermasz Nienke , Bolanowski Marek , Coculescu Mihail , Schopohl Jochen , Racz Karoly , Glaser Benjamin , Goth Miklos , Greenman Yona , Trainer Peter , Mezosi Emese , Shimon Ilan , Giustina Andrea , Korbonits Márta , Bronstein Marcello D. , Kleinberg David , Teichman Sam , Gliko-Kabir Irit , Mamluk Roni , Haviv Asi , Strasburger Christian 
Published: February 2015

Background:
A novel oral octreotide formulation was tested for efficacy and safety in a phase III, multicenter, open-label, dose-titration, baseline-controlled study in patients with acromegaly.

Methods:
We enrolled 155 complete or partially controlled patients (IGF-1 &lt;1.3 × upper limit of normal [ULN], and 2-h integrated GH &lt;2.5 ng/mL) receiving injectable somatostatin receptor ligand (SRL) for ≥3 months. Subjects were switched to 40 mg/d oral octreotide capsules (OOCs), and the dose escalated to 60 and then up to 80 mg/d to control IGF-1. Subsequent fixed doses were maintained for a 7-month core treatment, followed by a voluntary 6-month extension.

Results:
Of 151 evaluable subjects initiating OOCs, 65% maintained response and achieved the primary endpoint of IGF-1 &lt;1.3 × ULN and mean integrated GH &lt;2.5 ng/mL at the end of the core treatment period and 62% at the end of treatment (up to 13 mo). The effect was durable, and 85 % of subjects initially controlled on OOCs maintained this response up to 13 months. When controlled on OOCs, GH levels were reduced compared to baseline, and acromegaly-related symptoms improved. Of 102 subjects completing the core treatment, 86% elected to enroll in the 6-month extension. Twenty-six subjects who were considered treatment failures (IGF-1 ≥1.3 × ULN) terminated early, and 23 withdrew for adverse events, consistent with those known for octreotide or disease related.

Conclusions:
OOC, an oral therapeutic peptide, achieves efficacy in controlling IGF-1 and GH after switching from injectable SRLs for up to 13 months, with a safety profile consistent with approved SRLs. OOC appears to be effective and safe as an acromegaly monotherapy.
PGRN Induces Impaired Insulin Sensitivity and Defective Autophagy in Hepatic Insulin Resistance
Authors: Liu Jiali , Li Huixia , Zhou Bo , Xu Lin , Kang Xiaomin , Yang Wei , Wu Shufang , Sun Hongzhi 
Published: February 2015

AbstractProgranulin (PGRN) has recently emerged as an important regulator for glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. However, the underlying mechanisms of PGRN in the regulation of insulin sensitivity and autophagy remain elusive. In this study, we aimed to address the direct effects of PGRN in vivo and to evaluate the potential interaction of impaired insulin sensitivity and autophagic disorders in hepatic insulin resistance. We found that mice treated with PGRN for 21 days exhibited the impaired glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance and hepatic autophagy imbalance as well as defective insulin signaling. Furthermore, treatment of mice with TNF receptor (TNFR)-1 blocking peptide-Fc, a TNFR1 blocking peptide-Fc fusion protein to competitively block the interaction of PGRN and TNFR1, resulted in the restoration of systemic insulin sensitivity and the recovery of autophagy and insulin signaling in liver. Consistent with these findings in vivo, we also observed that PGRN treatment induced defective autophagy and impaired insulin signaling in hepatocytes, with such effects being drastically nullified by the addition of TNFR1 blocking peptide -Fc or TNFR1-small interference RNA via the TNFR1-nuclear factor-κB-dependent manner, indicating the causative role of PGRN in hepatic insulin resistance. In conclusion, our findings supported the notion that PGRN is a key regulator of hepatic insulin resistance and that PGRN may mediate its effects, at least in part, by inducing defective autophagy via TNFR1/nuclear factor-κB.
Formation of Acyl and Dioxycarbene Ruthenium Complexes via Double C–S Bond Cleavage and CO Insertion
Authors: Santo Kiyokazu , Hirotsu Masakazu , Kawamoto Keisuke , Nishioka Takanori , Kinoshita Isamu 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Ruthenium complexes containing an N,N,C,S-metalloligand or an N,N,C,O-organoligand with a sulfido carbonyl Ru cluster were obtained by the reaction of 6-(4′′-dibenzothienyl)-2,2′-bipyridine with [Ru3(CO)12]. The dibenzothienyl group undergoes double carbon–sulfur bond cleavage and CO insertion reactions to give a bridging acyl group and a metallacyclic dioxycarbene donor.
Surface Modification and Aggregation Control of Gold Nanoparticles via Multifunctional Stabilizer Based on Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane
Authors: Imoto Hiroaki , Suzuki Shigeyoshi , Naka Kensuke 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Octa(3-aminopropyl) polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS-NH2), adopting a rigid cubic structure, have been employed as a stabilizer for gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The AuNPs possessing POSS-NH2 were stable enough to tolerate evaporation by incubating for 24 h after the preparation. Changing molar ratio of POSS-NH2 controlled the size of particle aggregates. In addition, the affinity of the AuNPs to organic solvents was changed via Michael addition with methyl acrylate to the amino groups on POSS-NH2. Redispersibility, aggregation control, and surface modification were successfully achieved with POSS-NH2 as a multifunctional single molecule.
Aerial Laser Scanning in Archeology
Authors: Faltýnová Martina , Pavelka Karel 
Published: February 2015

Technology of aerial laser scanning is often well used for a DTM generation. The DTM (digital surface model) displayed in appropriate form, e.g. shaded surface, can be used as a data source for searching for archaeological sites. Aerial laser scanning data acquisition is unfortunately too expensive for non-commercial projects. It can be solution to use the ALS data acquired primarily for another reason by public service. This data has in general lower density, than expensive custom-made data, but can be borrowed for research purpose in a limited size. We tested the data from The Czech Office for Surveying, Mapping and Cadastre. The aim was to find, if it is possible to use data characterized by density of about 1 point/m2 for archaeological research. We used the DTM in form of shaded surface and inspect the data around few well known archaeological sites from different periods. It is also possible to use different outputs from the original DTM to better display terrain discontinuities, which could be caused by human activity.