bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous laparoscopic colorectal resection and pulmonary resection by minithoracotomy: Report of four cases
Authors: Tsukahara Tetsuo , Yamamoto Seiichiro , Oshiro Taihei , Fujita Shin , Sakurai Hiroyuki , Watanabe Shun‐ichi 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to determine the feasibility of simultaneous resection of colorectal cancer by laparoscopy and a pulmonary lesion through minithoracotomy. Four patients underwent laparoscopic resection of colorectal cancer followed by pulmonary resection. The mean operative duration was 390 min and the mean blood loss was 133 mL. The postoperative course was uneventful. The indication for simultaneous resection of colorectal cancer by the laparoscopic approach and a pulmonary lesion is controversial. This method is safe and feasible in selected patients, but whether colorectal resection or pulmonary surgery is performed first should be determined on a case‐by‐case basis.
Laparoscopic lysis for jejunostomy‐related ileus following laparoscopy‐assisted total gastrectomy: A case report
Authors: Inoue Taisuke , Ikeda Yoshifumi , Ogawa Etsushi , Horikawa Masahiro , Inaba Tsuyoshi , Fukushima Ryoji 
Published: April 2014

AbstractA 54‐year‐old man was admitted to our hospital with severe nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain. He had had laparoscopy‐assisted total gastrectomy with Roux‐en‐Y reconstruction and tube jejunostomy for gastric cancer 2 years earlier. Abdominal CT revealed that the duodenum and upper jejunum were markedly dilated and that the dilated jejunum had collapsed at the jejunostomy site. Emergency laparoscopic surgery with three ports was performed for jejunostomy‐related ileus. Abdominal adhesion was very small, and the Roux‐en‐Y limb was rotated counterclockwise at the jejunostomy site. A magnified laparoscopic view showed that the site of peritoneopexy was the axis of rotation. After the axis was dissected with a Harmonic scalpel, the rotation was released immediately. The patient's postoperative course was uneventful and he was discharged 4 days after the operation. Because the axis of rotation was identified easily by laparoscope, laparoscopic surgery was a safe and useful technique for a patient with jejunostomy‐related ileus.
Advancement and benefit of energy sealing in minimally invasive surgery
Authors: Shabbir Asim , Dargan Dallan 
Published: April 2014

AbstractEnergy sealing has advanced rapidly in the last decade with many new devices becoming available. The rate and variety of advances in technology facilitate new and existing techniques, with ultrasonic shears and electrothermal bipolar graspers forming a vital but changing part of the modern surgeon's armamentarium. Advances including the combination of ultrasonic and bipolar systems, the addition of cutting blades, tissue impedance sensors, and electrode configurations with reduced lateral thermal spread have heralded new opportunities in laparoscopic and minimally invasive surgery. Reduced operating times, lower postoperative pain scores, and shorter length of stay are offset by the additional cost of such instruments. Reduced instrument exchange, improved smoke evacuation, and shorter surgeries by trainees with some devices are benefits that set the scene for further innovation in this vibrant sector.
How I determine if and when to recommend stopping tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment for chronic myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Ross David M. , Hughes Timothy P. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryTreatment‐free remission (TFR) has recently emerged as a goal of treatment in chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML). Molecular remission is sustained in around 30% of imatinib‐treated patients who stop treatment after ≥2 years with undetectable minimal residual disease (UMRD) by conventional real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. An additional 20–30% of patients will lose UMRD, but remain in stable major molecular remission off treatment. Most patients with molecular recurrence have a significant increase in BCR‐ABL1 within the first 6 months off treatment, but there are also rare late relapses. As re‐treatment with imatinib restores control, a trial of TFR is safe so long as careful molecular monitoring is provided to enable prompt re‐treatment. The minimum eligibility criteria for a trial of TFR are not yet defined, but the available data support a MRD level of around a molecular response of 4·5 log for at least 2 years. Factors associated with a higher probability of TFR include low risk Sokal score, prior interferon treatment, longer total duration of imatinib treatment and higher numbers of natural killer cells at the time of imatinib discontinuation. Preliminary data suggest that the rate of TFR in patients treated with more potent tyrosine kinase inhibitors will probably be higher. The biology that underlies TFR is an area of active investigation.
Anticytomegalovirus antibody titres are not associated with caregiving burden in younger caregivers
Authors: Vitlic Ana , Phillips Anna C. , Gallagher Stephen , Oliver Chris , Lord Janet M. , Moss Paul 
Published: April 2014

ObjectiveThis analysis examines whether or not younger caregivers, parents of children with developmental disabilities, differed from controls in terms of cytomegalovirus (CMV) seropositivity and CMV‐specific antibody titre. Secondly, it examined whether any particular socio‐demographics, health behaviours, or psychological/caregiving variables were associated with a higher CMV antibody titre among caregivers.DesignYoung caregivers and age‐ and sex‐matched controls were compared with respect to their reported health behaviour and psychosocial status as well as latent virus control.MethodsOne hundred and seventeen parents of children with developmental disabilities and 52 control parents completed standard measures of health behaviours, socio‐demographics, perceived stress, depression and anxiety, caregiver burden, child problem behaviours. They also provided a blood sample assayed for the presence of CMV‐specific antibody.ResultsCaregivers were no more likely to be CMV positive than controls and did not have higher antibody titres against CMV. In addition, there was no association between CMV antibody titre in seropositive caregivers and any of the psychological/caregiving variables. However, higher CMV antibody titres were significantly associated with a higher BMI, lower exercise levels, smoking, and lower fruit and vegetable and fat intake among seropositive caregivers.ConclusionsThese data suggest that in the absence of immunosenescence, the chronic stress of caregiving is not sufficient to compromise the immune response to persistent CMV infection. However, an indirect mechanism to poorer health in caregivers might be via adoption of disadvantageous health behaviours in response to stress.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Older caregivers of spouses with dementia show a poorer immune response against latent viruses when compared to age‐ and sex‐matched controls.

Younger parental caregivers of children with developmental disabilities show a poorer antibody response to vaccination.

What does this study add?

The study showed no association between caregiving stress and CMV antibody titre in young caregivers.

There were higher CMV antibody titres in the caregivers who engage in unhealthy behaviours.
Football and Biodiversity Conservation: FIFA and Brazil Can Still Hit a Green Goal
Authors: Melo Felipe P. , Siqueira José A. , Santos Bráulio A. , Álvares‐da‐Silva Orione , Ceballos Gerardo , Bernard Enrico 
Published: April 2014

ResumoA seleção do tatu‐bola (Tolypeutes tricinctus), uma espécie endêmica e ameaçada do Brasil como o mascote oficial da Copa do Mundo FIFA 2014 é significativa e representa uma grande oportunidade para engajar os parceiros do maior evento esportivo do mundo emu ma agenda efetiva de conservação. Frente ao mal estado de conservação da espécie escolhida e de seu habitat principal, a Caatinga do nordeste do Brasil, nós encorajamos a FIFA e o Governo Brasileiro a incorporarem três ações conservacionistas concretas no legado prometido para a Copa. Ainda há tempo para um grande gol ambiental e provocamos a FIFA e o Brasil a estabelecerem uma meta ambiciosa: para cada gol marcado na Copa, ao menos 1000 hectares de Caatinga devem ser protegidos como parques e reservas.
Functional polymorphisms in the NPAS2 gene are associated with overall survival in transcatheter arterial chemoembolization‐treated hepatocellular carcinoma patients
Authors: Yuan Peng , Wang Shen , Zhou Feng , Wan Shaogui , Yang Yefa , Huang Xiaojun , Zhang Zhaohui , Zhu Yong , Zhang Hongxin , Xing Jinliang 
Published: April 2014

The functional abnormality of circadian regulation genes is involved in the development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the association between functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in circadian gene NPAS2 and the overall survival of HCC patients treated with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) has never been investigated. Six functional SNPs in the NPAS2 gene were genotyped using the Sequenom iPLEX genotyping system in a cohort of 448 unresectable Chinese patients with HCC treated with TACE. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards model and Kaplan–Meier curves were used for the prognosis analysis. We found that two SNPs, rs1053096 and rs2305160, in the NPAS2 gene showed significant associations with overall death risk in HCC patients in the recessive model (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.48; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13–1.94; P = 0.004) and in the dominant model (HR = 1.63; 95% CI, 1.29–2.07; P < 0.001), respectively. Moreover, we observed a cumulative effect of these two SNPs on HCC overall survival, indicating a significant trend of increasing death risk with increasing number of unfavorable genotypes (P for trend < 0.001). Compared with the patients without any unfavorable genotypes, the HRs for patients with one and two unfavorable genotypes were 1.41 (95% CI, 1.10–1.82; P = 0.007) and 2.09 (95% CI, 1.46–2.97, P < 0.001), respectively. The haplotype and diplotype analyses further characterized the association between NPAS2 genotype and survival of HCC patients. Our results for the first time suggest that NPAS2 gene polymorphisms may serve as an independent prognostic marker for HCC patients treated with TACE.
Evaluation of aquaporin‐4 antibody assays
Authors: Waters Patrick J. , Pittock Sean J. , Bennett Jeffrey L. , Jarius Sven , Weinshenker Brian G. , Wingerchuk Dean M. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAquaporin‐4 (AQP4) is a water channel protein that is most highly, but not exclusively, expressed in the central nervous system. In 2005 AQP4 was shown to be the antigenic target of neuromyelitis optica‐immunoglobulin G (NMO‐IgG, or AQP4‐IgG), an antibody found specifically in patients with NMO and in formes frustes of NMO, such as longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM) or optic neuritis (ON). This discovery facilitated the clinical, pathological, and radiological distinction of NMO and the spectrum of NMO‐related disorders from classical multiple sclerosis. In addition to its use as a diagnostic tool, AQP4‐IgG predicts a high risk of relapse in patients with a clinically isolated syndrome of either LETM or ON. As disability in NMO is attack‐related, early diagnosis and treatment are predicted to have a major effect on long‐term disability. Thus, the importance of sensitive and specific assays to detect AQP4‐IgG cannot be overstated. Both academic institutions and commercial companies have developed assays to identify AQP4‐IgG in patients' sera or cerebrospinal fluid. Both AQP4 isoforms from different species have been used as the antigenic target in the form of frozen tissue sections in indirect immunofluorescence assays, partially purified protein for fluorescence immunoprecipitation assay, radioimmunoprecipitation assay or enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, or transfected into cells for cell based assays or flow cytometry. We carried out a systematic review of the literature reporting different methodologies used to identify AQP4‐IgG, examine whether longitudinal AQP4‐IgG titers predict relapses in seropositive patients, and attempt to establish a reasonable timeframe for retesting negative serum samples.
Changes in physical activity during a weight loss intervention and follow‐up: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Fuller N. R. , Williams K. , Shrestha R. , Ahern A. L. , Holzapfel C. , Hauner H. , Jebb S. A. , Caterson I. D. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryPhysical activity is an important component in weight loss treatment and weight maintenance. We evaluated the physical activity component of two weight loss programmes, either standard care (SC) as defined by national guidelines, or a commercial programme (CP; Weight Watchers) over the period of weight loss and follow‐up. 772 adults (mean body mass index: 31.4 ± 2.6 kg m−2) were recruited by primary care practices in Australia, the United Kingdom, and Germany, and randomly assigned to 12 months SC, or the CP. They were then followed up at 24 months. Change in physical activity levels were assessed by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)‐short form, and pedometer recordings. Both groups reported increases in physical activity using the IPAQ from baseline to 12 months and 24 months (within groups P < 0.0001) and in pedometer steps from baseline to 12 months only (within groups P < 0.0001). Differences between groups with both methods of assessment were not significant. There was a significant difference in weight loss between the groups at 12 months favouring the CP group; however, this statistical difference was not maintained at 24 months. In conclusion, despite similar increases in reported activity, there were significant differences in weight loss and regain between groups. Therefore, greater weight loss seen with the CP is unlikely to be due to increases in physical activity. Trends in pedometer steps mirrored changes in weight over time more closely than the IPAQ; however, both assessment tools have limitations. Better activity assessment measures are needed to more accurately gauge changes in physical activity during weight loss interventions.
Hemodynamic outcomes of transcatheter aortic valve implantation with the CoreValve system: an early assessment
Authors: da Silva Cristina , Sahlen Anders , Winter Reidar , Bäck Magnus , Rück Andreas , Settergren Magnus , Manouras Aristomenis , Shahgaldi Kambiz 
Published: April 2014

SummaryBackground and AimsTranscatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is an established method for the treatment of high‐risk patients with aortic stenosis (AS). The beneficial effects of TAVI in cardiac hemodynamics have been described in recent studies, but those investigations were mostly performed after an interval of more than 6 months following aortic valve implantation. The aim of this study is to investigate the acute and short‐term alterations in hemodynamic conditions using the echocardiography outcomes in patients undergoing TAVI.Methods and ResultsA total of 60 patients (26 males, 34 females; age 84·7 ± 5·8) who underwent TAVI with CoreValve system were included in the study. Echocardiography was performed before hospital discharge and at 3 months follow‐up. As expected, TAVI was associated with an immediate significant improvement in aortic valve area (AVA) (from 0·64 ± 0·16 cm2 to 1·67 ± 0·41 cm2, P‐value<0·001) and mean gradient (from 51·9 ± 15·4 mmHg to 8·8 ± 3·8 mmHg, P‐value<0·001). At 3‐month follow‐up, systolic LV function was augmented (EF: 50 ± 14% to 54 ± 11%, P‐value = 0·024). Left ventricle (LV) mass and left atrium (LA) volume were significantly reduced (LV mass index from 126·5 ± 30·5 g m−2 to 102·4 ± 32·4 g m−2; LA index from 42·9 ± 17·3 ml m−2 to 33·6 ± 10·6 ml m−2; P‐value<0·001 for both). Furthermore, a decrement in systolic pulmonary artery pressure (SPAP) from 47·5 ± 13·5 mmHg to 42·5 ± 11·2 mmHg, P‐value = 0·02 was also observed. Despite the high incidence of paravalvular regurgitation (PVR) (80%), most of the patients presented mild or trace PVR and no significant progress of the regurgitation grade was seen after 3 months.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that the beneficial effects of TAVI in cardiac function and hemodynamics occur already after a short period following aortic valve implantation.
Tacrolimus dose requirements in African‐American and Caucasian kidney transplant recipients on mycophenolate and prednisone
Authors: Beermann Kristi J. , Ellis Matthew J. , Sudan Debra L. , Harris Matthew T. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractRacial differences among kidney transplant recipients may impact the total daily tacrolimus dose required to achieve therapeutic tacrolimus concentrations. Previous studies suggest that African Americans require higher doses to achieve similar therapeutic drug concentrations compared with Caucasians. Data were collected on a total of 147 de novo kidney transplant recipients. Tacrolimus total daily dose (TDD) requirements (mg/kg/d) and tacrolimus concentrations were retrospectively reviewed at discharge and at days 30, 60, and 90 after transplant. TDD requirements in African‐American and Caucasian patients were 0.14 mg/kg/d and 0.11 mg/kg/d, respectively (p = 0.005), at day 30. TDD requirements at day of hospital discharge and days 60 and 90 following transplant were significantly higher in African‐American patients vs. Caucasian patients, with similar tacrolimus concentrations at all time points. This study suggests that when compared to Caucasians, African Americans require significantly higher TDD of tacrolimus to achieve similar tacrolimus concentrations. These findings provide transplant clinicians with a sense of certainty to more rapidly titrate daily tacrolimus doses in African‐American patients to achieve therapeutic concentrations.
CD10 is useful to identify gastrointestinal contamination in endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration (EUS‐FNA) cytology from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Vigliar E. , Troncone G. , Bracale U. , Iaccarino A. , Napolitano V. , Bellevicine C. 
Published: April 2014

ObjectiveEndoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration (EUS‐FNA) cytology is an effective tool to diagnose pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA). Standard morphological criteria are usually reliable. When contaminating gastrointestinal (GI) epithelial cells are prevalent among neoplastic cells, these can be highlighted by carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) staining. CD10 is a cell‐surface metallopeptidase normally expressed by the GI epithelial apical border, whose expression is decreased or lost in PDA. We included CD10 in a panel, together with CEA, to discriminate the GI contaminant cells from PDA cells on cell blocks.MethodsEight cases of EUS‐FNA of PDA, featuring both contaminating GI cells and neoplastic cells, whose corresponding cell blocks were available for immunostaining, were selected. CD10 and CEA were stained on cell blocks by standard methods.ResultsCD10 strongly labelled only the GI cells, with a well‐defined apical membrane signal; conversely, GI cells did not show CEA staining; benign duodenal cells were faintly labelled in only one case. Malignant cells were positive for CEA and negative for CD10, with the exception of one case with labelled neoplastic cells with weak diffuse cytoplasmic positivity. CD10 apical membrane staining was a feature only seen in benign GI cells.ConclusionsAs a loss of CD10 is a consistent feature of PDA, this marker can be useful, together with CEA, to aid the cytopathologist to identify neoplastic cells in a background rich in GI contaminant cells.
Cognitive control moderates early childhood temperament in predicting social behavior in 7‐year‐old children: an ERP study
Authors: Lamm Connie , Walker Olga L. , Degnan Kathryn A. , Henderson Heather A. , Pine Daniel S. , McDermott Jennifer Martin , Fox Nathan A. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBehavioral inhibition (BI) is a temperament associated with heightened vigilance and fear of novelty in early childhood, and social reticence and increased risk for anxiety problems later in development. However, not all behaviorally inhibited children develop signs of anxiety. One mechanism that might contribute to the variability in developmental trajectories is the recruitment of cognitive‐control resources. The current study measured N2 activation, an ERP (event‐related potential) associated with cognitive control, and modeled source‐space activation (LORETA; Low Resolution Brain Electromagnetic Tomography) at 7 years of age while children performed a go/no‐go task. Activation was estimated for the entire cortex and then exported for four regions of interest: ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC), ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC), dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dorsal ACC), and dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). BI was measured in early childhood (ages 2 and 3 years). Anxiety problems and social reticence were measured at 7 years of age to ascertain stability of temperamental style. Results revealed that BI was associated with increased performance accuracy, longer reaction times, greater (more negative) N2 activation, and higher estimated dorsal ACC and DLPFC activation. Furthermore, early BI was only associated with social reticence at age 7 at higher (more negative) levels of N2 activation or higher estimated dorsal ACC or DLPFC activation. Results are discussed in the context of overcontrolled behavior contributing to social reticence and signs of anxiety in middle childhood.
The oldest known priapulid‐like scalidophoran animal and its implications for the early evolution of cycloneuralians and ecdysozoans
Authors: Liu Yunhuan , Xiao Shuhai , Shao Tiequan , Broce Jesse , Zhang Huaqiao 
Published: April 2014

SUMMARYMorphological phylogenetic analyses suggest that scalidophorans (priapulids, loriciferans, and kinorhynchs) and nematoids (nematodes and nematomorphs) form the ecdysozoan clade Cycloneuralia, which is a sister group to panarthropods. It has been proposed that extant priapulids and Cambrian priapulid‐like scalidophorans, because of their conserved evolution, have the potential to illuminate the ancestral morphology, ecology, and developmental biology of highly derived ecdysozoans such as nematods and arthropods. As such, Cambrian fossils, particularly Markuelia and possibly olivooids, can inform the early evolution of scalidophorans, cycloneuralians, and ecdysozoans. However, the scalidophoran Markuelia is known exclusively as embryo fossils, and the olivooids have been alternatively interpreted as cnidarians or cycloneuralians. Here, we describe a post‐embryonic scalidophoran fossil Eopriapulites sphinx new genus and species, which represents the oldest known scalidophoran, from the early Cambrian Period (∼535 Ma) in South China. E. sphinx is similar to modern scalidophorans in having an introvert armed with hollow scalids, a collar with coronal scalids, and a pharynx with pharyngeal teeth, but its scalids and pharyngeal teeth are arranged in a hexaradial pattern. Phylogenetically resolved as a stem‐group scalidophoran, E. sphinx shares a hexaradial pattern with the hexaradial arrangement of certain anatomical structures in kinorhynchs, loriciferans, nematoids, and Cambrian fossils such as Eolympia pediculata, which could also be a scalidophoran. Thus, the bodyplan of ancestral cycloneuralians may have had a component of hexaradial symmetry (i.e., some but not necessarily all anatomical parts are hexaradially arranged). If panarthropods are nested within paraphyletic cycloneuralians, as several molecular phylogenetic analyses suggest, the ancestral ecdysozoans may have been a legless worm possibly with a component of hexaradial symmetry.