bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A qualitative study of nurses' attitudes towards' and accommodations of patients' expressions of religiosity and faith in dementia care
Authors: Skomakerstuen Ødbehr Liv , Kvigne Kari , Hauge Solveig , Danbolt Lars Johan 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAimsTo investigate nurses' attitudes towards and accommodations of patients' expressions of religiosity and faith in dementia care.BackgroundHolistic care for people with dementia addresses patients' religiosity and faith. Nurses' accommodations of patients' religiosity have not been studied extensively even though nurses report a lack of experience and knowledge regarding religious care.DesignThis study has a qualitative research design.MethodsEight focus group interviews with 16 nurses and 15 care workers in four Norwegian nursing homes were conducted from June 2011–January 2012. The interview text was analysed using van Manen's hermeneutic‐phenomenological approach and Lindseth and Nordberg's structural analysis.FindingsThe following three main themes reflected the nurses' and care workers' attitudes towards and accommodations of patients' expressions of religiosity and faith: (i) embarrassment vs. comfort, described in the sub‐themes ‘feelings of embarrassment’ and ‘religiosity as a private matter’; (ii) unknown religious practice vs. known religious practice, described as ‘religious practice that was scary’ or ‘religious practice that was recognizable’; and (iii) death vs. life, described as ‘difficulty talking about death ‘or ‘focusing on life and the quality of life’.ConclusionNurses and care workers were uncertain and lacked knowledge of the patients' expressions of religiosity and faith in terms of both their substance and their function. Nurses struggled with ambivalent feelings about patients' religious expressions and with unclear understanding of the significance of religiosity. These challenges compromised person‐centred and holistic care on several occasions.
From ‘Sleeping Giant’ to Left–Right Politicization? National Party Competition on theEUand theEuro Crisis
Authors: Miklin Eric 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWhileEuropean issues have, for a long time, played hardly any role in national elections and party politics, theEUhas seen a continuous increase in politicization throughout the last decades. So far, however, contestation has been restricted largely to constitutional issues, and has been driven mainly byEurosceptic parties that challenged mainstream parties' positive attitudes towardsEUintegration. This article discusses to what extent the euro crisis has added to this a left‐right conflict between mainstream parties about their different views onEuropean policies. It argues that the potential for such debates across theEUremains restricted. While the euro crisis has clearly increased the saliency ofEuropean issues, overall the incentive structure of mainstream parties in many Member States still works against publicly visible discussions among them. The plausibility of the argument is demonstrated through a comparison of interparty debates on the euro crisis in Austria and Germany.
Effect of peginterferon alfa‐2b and ribavirin on hepatocellular carcinoma prevention in older patients with chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Honda Takashi , Ishigami Masatoshi , Masuda Hiroko , Ishizu Yoji , Kuzuya Teiji , Hayashi Kazuhiko , Itoh Akihiro , Hirooka Yoshiki , Nakano Isao , Ishikawa Tetsuya , Urano Fumihiro , Yoshioka Kentaro , Toyoda Hidenori , Kumada Takashi , Katano Yoshiaki , Goto Hidemi 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackground and AimsThe population of patients chronically infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is aging, and the number of older patients with HCV‐related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is increasing. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effects of peginterferon and ribavirin combination therapy on prevention of HCC in older patients with chronic hepatitis C (CH‐C).MethodsWe compared the sustained virological response (SVR) and treatment discontinuation rates between older (≥ 65 years) and younger patients (< 65 years) among 1280 CH‐C patients treated with peginterferon alfa‐2b and ribavirin. Cumulative incidence of HCC was determined by Kaplan–Meier analysis, and factors associated with liver carcinogenesis were analyzed by Cox proportional hazards regression.ResultsOlder patients had a significantly lower SVR rate and a significantly higher discontinuation rate of treatment than younger patients. Fifty patients developed HCC during median follow‐up period of 47 months. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis indicated that the following were independent risk factors associated with the development of HCC: older age, male, advanced fibrosis, non‐SVR in all patients: higher gamma‐glutamyltranspeptidase, and non‐SVR in older patients. Older patients who achieved SVR had a significantly reduced rate of HCC compared with those who did not achieve SVR, especially those who had gamma‐glutamyltranspeptidase over 44 IU/L.ConclusionsThe SVR rate was lower and the combination therapy discontinuation rate was higher in older CH‐C patients than in younger patients. However, older patients who achieved SVR had a markedly lower rate of HCC development compared with older patients who did not achieve SVR.
Effect of prolonged administration of pegylated interferon/ribavirin therapy in genotypes 2a and 2b: Propensity score‐matched analysis
Authors: Yokoyama Satoe , Kawakami Yoshiiku , Imamura Michio , Hayes C Nelson , Kohno Hiroshi , Kohno Hirotaka , Tsuji Keiji , Aisaka Yasuyuki , Kira Shinsuke , Yamashina Keitarou , Nonaka Michihiro , Takahashi Shoichi , Moriya Takashi , Kitamoto Mikiya , Aimitsu Shiomi , Nakanishi Toshio , Kawakami Hiroiku , Chayama Kazuaki 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackground and AimChronic hepatitis C genotype 2 patients show high susceptibility to pegylated interferon plus ribavirin therapy (PEG/RBV). However, the differences in response to therapy between genotypes 2a and 2b, and the efficacy of prolonged therapy for refractory patients have not been evaluated. We investigated the differences in response to PEG/RBV between each genotype and examined the efficacy of prolonged therapy.MethodsA total of 343 chronic hepatitis patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 2 (2a: n = 195; 2b: n = 148) were enrolled in this study. All patients received PEG/RBV for 24 (24 week group, n = 242) or more weeks (prolonged group, n = 101). We analyzed the differences in virological response between genotypes 2a and 2b. Clinical and virological factors of patients in the 24‐week group and the prolonged treatment group were matched using propensity score analysis, and the efficacy of prolonged therapy established by comparing time of serum HCV disappearance for each genotype.ResultsVirological response tended to be higher for genotype 2a compared with genotype 2b; however, there was no significant difference in sustained virological response rates between genotypes (2a: 78.3%; 2b: 70.2%; P = 0.19). After propensity score matching, the adjusted P‐value for sustained virological response rate was significantly different for genotype 2b patients with undetectable HCV‐RNA between weeks 5 and 8, and for genotype 2a patients with detectable HCV‐RNA at week 8.ConclusionProlonged therapy with PEG/RBV may be effective when serum HCV‐RNA is detectable at week 4 and week 8 for genotype 2b and 2a patients, respectively.
A comment on diffusion and the displacement of atoms in metamorphic transformations
Authors: Kretz R. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractExperimental data on diffusion in olivine, are used to define certain terms – diffusion coefficient, jump frequency, characteristic distance, random walk – that are useful in a discussion of atom displacements under natural conditions. Examples of atom displacements in two metamorphic terranes of the Canadian Precambrian Shield are then examined, as follows. (i) In a high‐grade metamorphic terrane in the Mid‐Proterozoic Grenville Province (Otter Lake Area), Mg concentration gradients about dolomite microcrystals in calcite and Na gradients about albite microcrystals in K‐feldspar are viewed as stranded Mg–Ca and Na–K interdiffusion gradients, formed by exsolution during slow cooling from ~700 to ~400 °C. (ii) In the Archean Slave Province (Yellowknife area), the crystallization of sillimanite, near andalusite but within crystals of quartz, possibly occurred by coupled Al–Si and oxygen–vacancy interdiffusion in quartz at ~550 °C. And the crystallization of garnet from chlorite occurred by the two‐way crystal‐boundary diffusion of several kinds of atoms across distances ranging to 3 mm. (iii) In the Otter Lake area, the crystallization of orthopyroxene–hornblende–spinel reaction zones at boundaries between crystals of olivine and plagioclase in metagabbro, evidently occurred by the mechanism of interstitial diffusion, that transported Mg, Fe, Mn and O atoms across the reaction zone from olivine to the plagioclase–(hornblende+spinel) boundary, and Si, Al, Ca and Na atoms from plagioclase to the olivine–orthopyroxene boundary, accompanied by NaSi–CaAl interdiffusion in plagioclase, and the addition of hydrogen and minor Ti, Zn, F, Cl and K from beyond the reaction zone. Also, centimetric reaction zones, with abundant biotite and plagioclase, at boundaries between K‐feldspar gneiss and deformed amphibolite dykes, evidently formed by the reaction, strained hornblende (in amphibolite) + K‐feldspar (in gneiss)→biotite (in amphibolite) + plagioclase (in gneiss), with crystal‐boundary diffusion of (Na + Ca) atoms and of K atoms across the reaction zone.
Anatomical landmarks for the localization of the greater palatine foramen – a study of 1200 head CTs, 150 dry skulls, systematic review of literature and meta‐analysis
Authors: Tomaszewska Iwona M. , Tomaszewski Krzysztof A. , Kmiotek Elizabeth K. , Pena Iwona Z. , Urbanik Andrzej , Nowakowski Michał , Walocha Jerzy A. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAccurate knowledge of greater palatine foramen (GPF) anatomy is necessary when performing a variety of anaesthesiological, dental or surgical procedures. The first aim of this study was to localize the GPF in relation to multiple anatomical landmarks. The second aim was to perform a systematic review of literature, and to conduct a meta‐analysis on the subject of GPF position to aid clinicians in their practice. One‐hundred and fifty dry, adult, human skulls and 1200 archived head computed tomography scans were assessed and measured in terms of GPF relation to other anatomical reference points. A systematic literature search was performed using the PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases, and a meta‐analysis on the subject of GPF relation to the maxillary molars was conducted. On average, in the Polish population, the GPF was positioned 15.9 ± 1.5 mm from the midline maxillary suture (MMS), 3.0 ± 1.2 mm from the alveolar ridge (AR) and 17.0 ± 1.5 mm from the posterior nasal spine (PNS); 74.7% of GPF were positioned opposite the third maxillary molar (M3). Twenty‐seven studies were included in the systematic review and 23 in the meta‐analysis (n = 6927 GPF). The pooled prevalence of the GPF being positioned opposite the M3 was 63.9% (95% confidence interval = 56.6–70.9%). Concluding, the GPF is most often located opposite the M3 in the majority of the world's populations. The maxillary molars are the best landmarks for locating the GPF. In edentulous patients the most useful points for approximating the position of the GPF are the AR, MMS and PNS. This study introduces an easy and repeatable classification to reference the GPF to the maxillary molars.
The significance of ‘facilitator as a change agent’ – organisational learning culture in aged care home settings
Authors: Grealish Laurie , Henderson Amanda , Quero Fritz , Phillips Roslyn , Surawski May 
Published: August 2014

Aims and objectivesTo explore the impact of an educational programme focused on social behaviours and relationships on organisational learning culture in the residential aged care context.BackgroundThe number of aged care homes will continue to rise as the frail older elderly live longer, requiring more formal care and support. As with other small‐ to medium‐sized health services, aged care homes are faced with the challenge of continuous development of the workforce and depend upon registered nurses to lead staff development.DesignA mixed‐method evaluation research design was used to determine the impact of an educational programme focused on social aspects of learning on organisational learning culture.MethodsOne hundred and fifty‐nine (pre) and 143 (post) participants from three aged care homes completed the Clinical Learning Organisational Culture survey, and three participant‐researcher registered nurse clinical educators provided regular journal entries for review.ResultsWhile each site received the same educational programme over a six‐month period, the change in organisational learning culture at each site was notably different. Two aged care homes had significant improvements in affiliation, one in accomplishment and one in recognition. The educators' journals differed in the types of learning observed and interventions undertaken, with Eucalyptus focused on organisational change, Grevillea focused on group (student) change and the Wattle focused on individual or situational change.ConclusionClinical educator activities appear to have a significant effect on organisational learning culture, with a focus on the organisational level having the greatest positive effect on learning culture and on individual or situational level having a limited effect.Relevance to clinical practiceClinical educator facilitation that is focused on organisational rather than individual interests may offer a key to improving organisational learning culture.
Deviance, Persecution and the Roman Creation of Christianity
Authors: Phillips Gervase 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAlthough Roman persecution of Christians was sporadic and localised for much of the first three centuries of the church's existence, it is argued here that such persecution was nevertheless crucial in the creation and shaping of a distinct Christian identity. The primary deviance of the radical Jewish sect that had surrounded Jesus himself created a “sticky reputation” that endured even when the church had become largely politically and socially conservative. Periodic outbreaks of violence towards those labelled Christians by the authorities created a transactional relationship, in which the victims and their co‐religionists responded by the explicit adoption of a deviant identity and experienced the corollary reconstruction of the self in terms of attitudes, mores and affiliations (secondary deviance). This transaction halted a drift towards religious syncretism that might otherwise have seen Jesus take his place within the henotheistic Roman Pantheon, and thus ensured the survival of the Christian faith as monotheistic and oppositional to Roman religio.
“Too Weird for Banknotes”: Legitimacy and Identity in the Production of Danish Banknotes 1947–2007
Authors: Sørensen Anders Ravn 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIn this article I argue that questions of banknote design are closely related to ideas of the national collective. Using the Danish banknote design competitions from 1947 to 2007 as an exemplary case I show how the Danish central bank, Nationalbanken, continuously sought to balance banknote iconography between different and evolving perceptions of the national community in an attempt to underpin the legitimacy and authority of Danish banknotes. I suggest that concepts from institutional theory can explain this equipoise relationship and I argue that banknote designers need to somehow reconcile conflicting ideas about the national community. As such, this article contributes to a more detailed understanding of the considerations and challenges facing banknote‐issuing authorities.
The Lord Mayor's Show in Early Modern London
Authors: Trevisan Sara 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe Lord Mayor's Show – a lavish entertainment organised yearly to celebrate the oath of the new mayor – became a key event in London civic life between the 1580s and the late 1630s, involving such authors as Thomas Middleton, Thomas Heywood, Anthony Munday, John Webster and Thomas Dekker. This essay provides a survey of the most important literature concerning the early modern Lord Mayor's Shows, their historical development as a dramatic form, their ceremonial role, their textual dimension and their symbolic representation of London's political life.
Manuscript, Monument, Memory: the Circulation of Epitaphs in the 17th Century
Authors: Williams Claire Bryony 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPoetic epitaphs are important texts in any investigation into literary representations of death and memory in early‐modern England. Seventeenth‐century antiquarians such as Stow, Camden and Weever were anxious to preserve these inscriptions for posterity, aware that the engravings were vulnerable both to natural wear and iconoclastic attacks on tombs; they surveyed monuments, transcribing epitaphs and printing them, rightly considering multiple paper copies to be more enduring than a single stone. Epitaphs, some originally copied from tombstones, some composed solely for the page, also appeared in large numbers in printed poetry miscellanies suggesting that 17th‐century readers wanted to read epitaphs alongside other popular forms such as the sonnet and the epigram. Recent studies on early‐modern monuments and literary epitaphs focus on two mediums: the tombstone and the printed page; they tend not to engage with manuscripts. This article examines what might be added to the field by considering the appearance of epitaphs in manuscript miscellanies: do we discover unique texts; can we uncover additional biographical context about printed or monumental inscriptions; what do the choices of texts preserved tell us about attitudes towards epitaphs among 17th‐century readers? To provide some illustrations of the value of such investigation, I consider the circulation of three oft‐copied epitaphs: one devout, one a bawdy jest and the other libellous. Telling stories of adaptive survival with a strong sense of the weaving backwards and forwards between manuscript, monument and memory, they are at once individual case studies but illustrative of broader social and circulation trends.
Heteromeric transposase elements: generators of genomic islands across diverse bacteria
Authors: Peters Joseph E. , Fricker Ashwana D. , Kapili Bennett J. , Petassi Michael T. 
Published: August 2014

SummaryHorizontally acquired genetic information in bacterial chromosomes accumulates in blocks termed genomic islands. Tn7‐like transposons form genomic islands at a programmed insertion site in bacterial chromosomes, attTn7. Transposition involves five transposon‐encoded genes (tnsABCDE) including an atypical heteromeric transposase. One transposase subunit, TnsB, is from the large family of bacterial transposases, the second, TnsA, is related to endonucleases. A regulator protein, TnsC, functions with different target site selecting proteins to recognize different targets. TnsD directs transposition into attTn7, while TnsE encourages horizontal transmission by targeting mobile plasmids. Recent work suggests that distantly related elements with heteromeric transposases exist with alternate targeting pathways that also facilitate the formation of genomic islands. Tn6230 and related elements can be found at a single position in a gene of unknown function (yhiN) in various bacteria as well as in mobile plasmids. Another group we term Tn6022‐like elements form pathogenicity islands in the Acinetobacter baumannii comM gene. We find that Tn6022‐like elements also appear to have an uncharacterized mechanism for provoking internal transposition and deletion events that serve as a conduit for evolving new elements. As a group, heteromeric transposase elements utilize diverse target site selection mechanisms adapted to the spread and rearrangement of genomic islands.
NPSR1 polymorphisms influence recurrent abdominal pain in children: a population‐based study
Authors: Henström M. , Zucchelli M. , Söderhäll C. , Bergström A. , Kere J. , Melén E. , Olén O. , D'Amato M. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackgroundRecurrent abdominal pain (RAP) occurs frequently among children and is one of the cardinal symptoms of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID). The mechanisms of visceral pain and RAP are not fully understood. A heritable component has been demonstrated and a few candidate genes proposed. NPSR1 encodes the receptor for neuropeptide S (NPS) and NPS‐NPSR1 signaling is involved in anxiety, inflammation, and nociception. NPSR1 polymorphisms are associated with asthma and chronic inflammatory diseases, but also with IBS‐related intermediate phenotypes such as colonic transit time and rectal sensory ratings. Here, we sought to determine whether genetic variability in the NPSR1 gene influences the presence of RAP in children.MethodsTwenty‐eight single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the NPSR1 gene region were successfully genotyped in 1744 children from the Swedish birth cohort BAMSE. Questionnaire information was used to define RAP as episodes of abdominal pain occurring at least once a month in 12‐year‐olds.Key ResultsThe prevalence of RAP was 9% in BAMSE. Association with RAP was observed for seven NPSR1 SNPs, five of which withstood false discovery rate (FDR) correction for multiple testing (best p = 0.00054, OR: 1.55 for SNP rs2530566). The associated SNPs all map in a putative regulatory region upstream NPSR1, where they may exert their genetic effects through the modulation of gene expression.Conclusions & InferencesGenetic variation at the NPSR1 locus impacts children's predisposition to RAP episodes in a Swedish population.
Keeping the Farm in the Family Name: Patrimonial Narratives and Negotiations among German‐Heritage Farmers
Authors: McMillan Lequieu Amanda 
Published: August 2014

AbstractSociologists tend to view rural culture as an inertial force, committing members to past cultural patterns which, in turn, inform their present courses of action. By emphasizing such cultural stasis, we obscure how members of cultural enclaves negotiate, recommit to, or revise certain cultural traditions. This article explores how rural culture is in dialogue with changing external contexts. Drawing on interviews I conducted among a small group of German‐heritage farmers in southern Wisconsin, I find that farmers select legal arrangements, entrepreneurial actions, and traditional male succession in order to fulfill the “yeoman” goal of keeping the farm in the family name. I explore how the narratives farmers develop about the cultural priority of transferring the home‐farm to a new generation allow sociological insight into their creative negotiations between cultural traditions and a greatly altered context of agricultural production. I argue that this dialogue between a historically persistent cultural tradition and very present pressures of agricultural production makes a significant contribution to the dynamics of modern rural life.