bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Snapshot of transurethral resection of bladder tumours in the United Kingdom Audit (STUKA)
Authors: Gan Christine , Patel Amit , Fowler Sarah , Catto James , Rosario Derek , O'Brien Timothy 
Published: May 2013

Objectives
To determine the quality of transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT) in the UK.
To evaluate the utility of a novel ‘snapshot’ methodology in carrying out national audits.
Patients and Methods
Every consultant Urologist in the UK was asked to contribute details of their first patient with a new bladder cancer treated with TURBT after midnight of 31st January 2010.
Responses were received from 192 consultants.
Results
The median (range) time from referral to first Urology appointment was 11 (0–161) days, and the median (range) time from first appointment to TURBT was 27 (1–588) days.
In all, 12 (6.3%) patients underwent photodynamic diagnosis‐assisted TURBT and 119 patients (61%) received a dose of Mitomycin C after TURBT.
The rate of major complications was low, with five incidences (2.6%) of bladder perforation.
There was no record of muscle present in resected specimens in 40 cases (20.8%) and resection was considered incomplete in 26 cases (13.5%). In all, 31 patients (16.1%) underwent early re‐resection with residual tumour or carcinoma in situ detected in 17 cases, although no tumour was upstaged.
Of the 37 patients classified with intermediate‐risk non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), there were nine recurrences (24.3%) at 3 months, and 13 recurrences (35.1%) at 1 year. Newly presenting MIBC managed with currently available treatments has a high mortality rate of 33.3% at 1 year.
Conclusions
The quality of TURBT in the UK is high.
Areas for improvement include the timeliness of diagnosis and treatment, and improved care of patients with intermediate‐risk NMIBC and MIBC.
The ‘snapshot’ methodology is promising but widening participation is a priority.
Ghrelin suppression is associated with weight loss and insulin action following gastric bypass surgery at 12 months in obese adults with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Samat A. , Malin S. K. , Huang H. , Schauer P. R. , Kirwan J. P. , Kashyap S. R. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractRoux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery reverses type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in approximately 80% of patients. Ghrelin regulates glucose homeostasis, but its role in T2DM remission after RYGB surgery is unclear. Nine obese T2DM subjects underwent a mixed meal tolerance test before and at 1 and 12 months after RYGB surgery. Changes in ghrelin, body weight, glucagon‐like polypeptide‐1 (GLP‐1, glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity (IS) were measured. At 1 month, body weight, glycaemia and IS were improved, while ghrelin concentrations were reduced (p < 0.05). After 12 months, body weight and fasting glucose were reduced (30 and 16%, respectively; p < 0.05) and IS was enhanced (threefold; p < 0.05). Ghrelin suppression improved by 32% at 12 months (p < 0.05), and this was associated with weight loss (r = 0.72, p = 0.03), enhanced IS (r = −0.78, p = 0.01) and peak postprandial GLP‐1 (r = −0.73, p = 0.03). These data suggest that postprandial ghrelin suppression may be part of the mechanism that contributes to diabetes remission after RYGB surgery.
Genetic and developmental analysis of differences in eye and face morphology between Drosophila simulans and Drosophila mauritiana
Authors: Arif Saad , Hilbrant Maarten , Hopfen Corinna , Almudi Isabel , Nunes Maria D. S. , Posnien Nico , Kuncheria Linta , Tanaka Kentaro , Mitteroecker Philipp , Schlötterer Christian , McGregor Alistair P. 
Published: May 2013

SUMMARYEye and head morphology vary considerably among insects and even between closely related species of Drosophila. Species of the D. melanogaster subgroup, and other Drosophila species, exhibit a negative correlation between eye size and face width (FW); for example, D. mauritiana generally has bigger eyes composed of larger ommatidia and conversely a narrower face than its sibling species. To better understand the evolution of eye and head morphology, we investigated the genetic and developmental basis of differences in eye size and FW between male D. mauritiana and D. simulans. QTL mapping of eye size and FW showed that the major loci responsible for the interspecific variation in these traits are localized to different genomic regions. Introgression of the largest effect QTL underlying the difference in eye size resulted in flies with larger eyes but no significant difference in FW. Moreover, introgression of a QTL region on the third chromosome that contributes to the FW difference between these species affected FW, but not eye size. We also observed that this difference in FW is detectable earlier in the development of the eye‐antennal disc than the difference in the size of the retinal field. Our results suggest that different loci that act at different developmental stages underlie changes in eye size and FW. Therefore, while there is a negative correlation between these traits in Drosophila, we show genetically that they also have the potential to evolve independently and this may help to explain the evolution of these traits in other insects.
Repetition priming effects dissociate between miniature eye movements and induced gamma‐band responses in the human electroencephalogram
Authors: Hassler Uwe , Friese Uwe , Martens Ulla , Trujillo‐Barreto Nelson , Gruber Thomas 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe role of induced gamma‐band responses (iGBRs) in the human electroencephalogram (EEG) is a controversial topic. On the one hand, iGBRs have been associated with neuronal activity reflecting the (re‐)activation of cortical object representations. On the other hand, it was shown that miniature saccades (MSs) lead to high‐frequency artifacts in the EEG that can mimic cortical iGBRs. We recorded EEG and eye movements simultaneously while participants were engaged in a combined repetition priming and object recognition experiment. MS rates were mainly modulated by object familiarity in a time window from 100 to 300 ms after stimulus onset. In contrast, artifact‐corrected iGBRs were sensitive to object repetition and object familiarity in a prolonged time window. EEG source analyses revealed that stimulus repetitions modulated iGBRs in temporal and occipital cortex regions while familiarity was associated with activity in parieto‐occipital regions. These results are in line with neuroimaging studies employing functional magnetic resonance imaging or magnetoencephalography. We conclude that MSs reflect early mechanisms of visual perception while iGBRs mirror the activation of cortical networks representing a perceived object.
Ultrasound‐guided biopsy of the cricoarytenoideus lateralis muscle: Technique and safety in horses
Authors: O'Neill H. D. , Ballegeer E. A. , De Feijter‐Rupp H. L. , Stick J. A. , Derksen F. J. , Robinson N. E. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryReasons for performing studyCurrent diagnosis of recurrent laryngeal neuropathy (RLN) depends upon disease recognition in the clinically affected horse. Biopsy of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles may provide a method to identify the changes in fibre‐type composition that occur in RLN before clinical signs become apparent.ObjectiveTo develop an ultrasound‐guided biopsy technique of the left cricoarytenoideus lateralis muscle (CALM) and evaluate its efficacy and safety in vivo.Study designA longitudinal descriptive study.MethodsSix standing horses underwent ultrasound‐guided biopsy of the left CALM. Frozen muscle cores were obtained with a breast biopsy tool. Serial endoscopic, ultrasonographic and physical examinations before and for 8 weeks after the biopsy were assessed for iatrogenic trauma. Histologies of representative muscle core cross‐sections were analysed for the total number of muscle fibres obtained with each biopsy.ResultsThere were no immediate complications of the procedure and the left CALM was harvested in all instances. Biopsy samples had an average weight of 0.043 g (range = 0.023–0.077 g) and contained 3418 fibres in cross‐section (range = 711–7143). Laryngeal endoscopic grade did not change significantly between prebiopsy and the end of the 8 week follow‐up. The left CALM had significantly greater echogenicity than the right throughout the study (P<0.001), but there was no difference between the prebiopsy CALM echogenicity and that at completion of the study.ConclusionsUltrasound‐guided biopsy of the left CALM is safe and well tolerated, providing a minimally invasive method to obtain muscle from healthy horses. This new technique may be applicable in research and clinical settings.
Influence of Multiple Age Identities on Social Comparison, Body Satisfaction, and Appearance Self‐Discrepancy for Women across the Life Span
Authors: Yu Ui‐Jeen , Kozar Joy M. , Damhorst Mary Lynn 
Published: May 2013

The purpose of this study was to examine how multiple age identities—chronological, ideal, and feel ages—influence social comparison with media images, body satisfaction, and appearance self‐discrepancy. Building on the possible selves theory that a closer approximation between chronological age and subjective ages—ideal age and feel age—occurs over time, a conceptual model was tested to identify individual variations of age identities and self‐perceptions to body image across the life span. A convenience sample of 279 women between the ages of 30 and 80 years completed the survey at several women's philanthropic and social organizations. Findings indicated that ideal age, rather than chronological age and feel age, played a more important role in influencing participants' perceptions of body and social comparison as their age identities changed. The findings highlight the significance of multiple age identities in predicting social comparison behavior and body image among women across the life span.
Intracellular distribution of human SIRT7 and mapping of the nuclear/nucleolar localization signal
Authors: Kiran Shashi , Chatterjee Nirupama , Singh Sapna , Kaul Sunil C. , Wadhwa Renu , Ramakrishna Gayatri 
Published: May 2013

Sirtuins belong to a class of NAD‐dependent deacetylases, and include seven distinct isoforms, of which SIRT7 is the least studied member. In the present study, the subcellular expression of SIRT7 in primary fibroblasts undergoing senescence was evaluated by immunocytochemistry and immunoblot assay. Expression of nucleolar SIRT7 in young fibroblast was very prominent, decreased in pre‐senescent cells, and became undetectable in the senescent cells. Interestingly, we observed previously unreported staining for cytoplasmic SIRT7 in fibroblasts, and report the existence of a steady‐state level of SIRT7 in cytoplasm. Selective localization of the high‐molecular‐mass (47.5 kDa) SIRT7 in the cytoplasmic fraction and the low‐molecular‐mass (45 kDa) SIRT7 in the nuclear fraction was observed in the immunoblot analysis of various cell types. The specificity of the N‐terminal antibodies for detection of cytoplasmic SIRT7 was confirmed by RNAi and peptide competition assays. The two forms of SIRT7 showed reciprocal expression following serum starvation, nocodazole and okadaic acid treatments, and also during senescence. Using a combination of deletion constructs and site‐directed mutagenesis, we defined the role of two distinct SIRT7 sequences in the N‐terminal region (amino acids 61–76, LQGRSRRREGLKRRQE) and the C‐terminal region (amino acids 392–400, KRTKRKKVT) for nuclear and nucleolar import, respectively. In conclusion, we report for the first time the existence of a cytoplasmic pool of SIRT7 in addition to its well‐known nucleolar form, identify distinct localization signals for its nuclear/nucleolar targeting, and describe an association between loss of nucleolar SIRT7 and replicative senescence.
Assessing the impact of within crop heterogeneity (‘patchiness’) in young Miscanthus × giganteus fields on economic feasibility and soil carbon sequestration
Authors: Zimmermann Jesko , Styles David , Hastings Astley , Dauber Jens , Jones Michael B 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIn Ireland, Miscanthus × giganteus has the potential to become a major feedstock for bioenergy production. However, under current climatic conditions, Ireland is situated on the margin of the geographical range where Miscanthus production is economically feasible. It is therefore important to optimize the yield and other ecosystem services such as carbon sequestration delivered by the crop. A survey of commercial Miscanthus fields showed a large number of areas with no Miscanthus crop cover. These patches can potentially lead to reduced crop yields and soil carbon sequestration and have a significant negative impact on the economic viability of the crop. The aim of this research is to assess patchiness on a field scale and to analyse the impacts on crop yield and soil carbon sequestration. Analysis of aerial photography images was carried out on six commercial Miscanthus plantations in south east Ireland. The analysis showed an average of 372.5 patches per hectare, covering an average of 13.7% of the field area. Using net present value models and a financial balance approach it was shown that patchiness has a significant impact on payback time for initial investments and might reduce gross margins by more than 50%. Total and Miscanthus‐derived soil organic carbon was measured in open patches and adjacent plots of high crop density showing significantly lower Miscanthus‐derived carbon stocks in open patches compared to high crop‐density patches (0.47Mg C ha−1 ± 0.42 SD and 0.91Mg C ha−1 ± 0.55 SD). Using geographic information system (GIS) it was shown that on a field scale Miscanthus‐derived carbon stocks were reduced by 7.38% ± 7.25 SD. However, total soil organic carbon stocks were not significantly different between open patches and high crop density plots indicating no impact on the overall carbon sequestration on a field scale over 3–4 years since establishment for these Miscanthus sites.
Regional Knowledge Performance in Europe
Authors: Foddi Marta , Usai Stefano 
Published: May 2013

AbstractEurope's 2020 strategy and the consequent initiative “Innovation Union” call for a particular attention to the territorial dimension of innovation and knowledge creation. To this end, this paper investigates the nature of knowledge production and diffusion among regions in 29 European Union (EU) countries and tries to assess its effectiveness. Data envelopment analysis is thus applied to assess how efficiently European regions use internal and external inputs for the production of new knowledge and ideas. The analysis produces a ranking of the innovative performance of EU regions for two points in time: the beginning of the current century and the second part of this decade. This ranking is then evaluated through the Malmquist productivity index in order to assess the relative importance of its main components. The Data envelopment analysis provides further evidence of a dualistic (centre versus periphery) pattern in the regional innovation activities, with the most efficient territories located in the most central or economically strategic areas of the continent. The application of the Malmquist productivity index shows that both the magnitude and intrinsic features of the productivity dynamics are extremely differentiated across regions. Again, we observe important differences between the core and periphery of Europe and, more specifically, between the rich and industrialized countries that form the so‐called “Old Europe” and the relatively poorer ones that have entered the EU quite recently.
Do Labour Mobility and Technological Collaborations Foster Geographical Knowledge Diffusion? The Case of European Regions
Authors: Miguélez Ernest , Moreno Rosina 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe goal of this paper is twofold. First, we aim to assess the role played by inventors' cross‐regional mobility and collaborations in fostering knowledge diffusion across regions and subsequent innovation. Second, we intend to evaluate the feasibility of using mobility and co‐patenting information to build cross‐regional interaction matrices to be used within the spatial econometrics toolbox. To do so, we depart from a knowledge production function where regional innovation intensity is a function not only of the own regional innovation inputs but also external accessible knowledge stocks gained through interregional interactions. Differently from much of the previous literature, cross‐section gravity models of mobility and co‐patents are estimated to use the fitted values to build our “spatial” weights matrices, which characterize the intensity of knowledge interactions across a panel of 269 regions covering most European countries over 6 years.
Mammary analogue secretory carcinoma of salivary glands is a lipid‐rich tumour, and adipophilin can be valuable in its identification
Authors: Mariano Fernanda Viviane , dos Santos Harim Tavares , Azañero Wilson Delgado , da Cunha Isabela Werneck , Coutinho‐Camilo Claudia Malheiros , de Almeida Oslei Paes , Kowalski Luiz Paulo , Altemani Albina 
Published: May 2013

AimsMammary analogue secretory carcinoma (MASC) of salivary glands shows morphological similarities to milk‐secreting mammary epithelial cells. The aim of this study was to analyse the immunohistochemical expression of adipophilin (a component of milk lipid globule membranes) and of proteins related to secretory mechanisms (STAT5a and mammaglobin) in MASC and other salivary tumours.Methods and resultsTen cases of MASC (all with ETV6 translocation) and 83 other salivary carcinomas were studied. In all MASC cases, adipophilin stained numerous large lipid droplets. These droplets were minute in other salivary carcinomas, except for sebaceous carcinoma. Overexpression of STAT5a was detected in all MASC cases, but only occasionally in other carcinomas. Mammaglobin expression occurred frequently in MASC (70% of cases), whereas, in other carcinomas, it was uncommon and limited. Only MASC showed cytoplasmic reactivity for p63, particularly in papillary–cystic areas. Positivity for S100, vimentin and high molecular weight keratin was observed in 100% of MASC cases.ConclusionsMASC is a lipid‐rich tumour containing large lipid droplets covered by adipophilin. This finding can be included among its defining immunohistochemical features, and possibly represents lactation‐like secretory differentiation. Strong expression of STAT5a and cytoplasmic p63 in MASC reinforces this hypothesis.
Combining verbal analysis protocol and wireless audiovisual observation to examine consumers' supermarket shopping behaviour
Authors: Saarela Anna‐Maria , Kantanen Teuvo T. , Lapveteläinen Anja T. , Mykkänen Hannu M. , Karppinen Hannu A. , Rissanen Riitta L. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe study investigates the benefits of using a verbal analysis protocol combined with wireless audiovisual observation technology to collect information about consumer behaviour in real‐life environments. A sample of consumers (n = 36) were given a task to select food products in 11 different categories in a supermarket. Combining methods enabled simultaneous collection of multiple forms of qualitative and quantitative data by recording data simultaneously from different perspectives: the consumer's visual range; the wider shopping environment, to provide context; the consumer's verbalizations. Qualitative data on extrinsic and intrinsic factors that affect decision making and quantitative data on product selection time were taken as an example of rich and real‐time data obtained using the combined methods. Audiovisual material was analysed by Usability Test Software 2.0, verbal analysis data were sorted by a database programme and quantitative data were processed using SPSS 17.0. The study design provided sensitive verification of the nature of consumer interaction with the shopping environment: e.g. during the product selection time (average 23 ± 10 s/product), the interaction with the environment varied between individuals and among products selected. The approach represents a useful technique to enable the value of consumer input to direct innovation in consumer‐oriented product development. It also offers new perspectives to consumers and authorities and related organizations to understand shopping behaviour and the role of critical factors behind the food choices at the supermarket.
Practical conditions for Home and Consumer Studies in Swedish compulsory education: a survey study
Authors: Lindblom Cecilia , Arreman Inger Erixon , Hörnell Agneta 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe aim of the study was to map the field of internal and external conditions that Swedish Home and Consumer Studies teachers and pupils have contend with. A questionnaire was constructed and delivered online in November 2010. It contained 27 question covering teacher qualification, quality of premises and equipment, lesson time and collaboration, and the use of national syllabi. A total of 385 persons across the country answered the questionnaire; about 21% of those teaching Home and Consumer Studies in Swedish compulsory school during the school year 2009–2010. These respondents taught in a total of 392 compulsory schools, which equalled about 22% of the schools teaching grades 7–9 in Sweden. Almost a quarter (23%) of the teachers lacked formal training for Home and Consumer Studies. Respondents without an appropriate degree qualification included those trained as nursery school teachers, dietitians and civil engineers. As regards classrooms, while 88% of respondents reported access to fully equipped kitchens with stoves, sinks and work surfaces, 5% used regular classrooms and the remainder were obliged to come up with alternative solutions, such as using portable kitchens in regular classrooms or conducting their lessons in the school restaurant. This study raises many questions about the quality of Home and Consumer Studies provision in a number of schools. The local deficiencies in the nationally decided frame factors for Home and Consumer Studies found by the present study gives us reason to doubt that all pupils achieve the overall learning goals of ‘knowing in practice’ and making informed choices utilizing environmental, economic and health perspectives. This might affect the health and economy of the individuals in the long run, with implications for the national economy and public health. On the basis of these findings, we therefore recommend that current conditions for Home and Consumer Studies and how the subject should operate in schools become a focus for national debate.
A comparison study of the impact of boiling and high pressure steaming on the stability of soybean trypsin inhibitor
Authors: Shen Jian‐Dong , Cai Qiu‐Feng , Liu Guang‐Ming , Zhang Ling , Zhang Ling‐Jing , Cao Min‐Jie 
Published: May 2013

SummaryThe aim of the study is to compare the effect of boiling and high pressure steaming (HPS) on the degradation, inhibitory activity reduction and gastric digestibility of soybean trypsin inhibitor (STI). Thermal stability analysis showed that HPS treatment was effective in eliminating the inhibitory activity of STI than boiling. SDS‐PAGE and Western blot analysis indicated that boiling has less impact on the gastric digestibility of STI than HPS. More importantly, boiling‐pretreated STI revealed high inhibitory activity against trypsin even after digestion by pepsin in simulated gastric fluid (SGF), while HPS treatment was more effective. SDS‐PAGE analysis further verified that after boiling, STI still revealed strong binding ability to trypsin, while STI could be completely degraded by trypsin after HPS treatment for 30 min.