bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE IMPACT OF SAFE COMMUNITY INITIATIVES ON HELMET WEARING RATE AND MOTORCYCLISTS' DEATH IN 14 CITES OF IRAN
Authors: Moghisi AR , Mohammadi R , Svanstrom L 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundMotorcycles' riders have the highest public health burden. Since helmet reduces the risk of death by 42% to 69% it seems that the main contributing factors is improper helmet usage by motorcyclists.ObjectiveTo determine the impact of safe community programme on motorcyclists' death and to the KAP of motorcyclists about helmet usage in WHO Safe Community model in Iran.MethodsAt the first step motorcyclists' fatality data of 14 cities were extracted from the data bank in forensic medicine department, hospital records and death registry during 2006–2007. The second step was a cross sectional study on 10% of motorcyclists. Data were collected by interviewing and observing the motorcyclists' knowledge, attitude and behaviour independently. ANOVA method used to testing for comparison of safe community with none safe community.ResultsIn Khorasan province the highest death rate was reported from the Torbat-e-hydarieh city (None Safe community) and the lowest from Bardscan and kashmar cities (Safe community).Other two provinces (Busher, Fars) showed no differences between the two settings in terms of motorcyclists' death rate. No effect was detected in any of the three provinces on Knowledge, Attitude and practice of motorcyclists towards helmet usage. In spite of owning a helmet by 97% of participants the rate for helmet usage was only 13%. ‘Embarrassing, disturbing, heat generation, sight and hearing blockage were the main excused made by the motorcyclists for not wearing helmet’.SignificanceThis study stresses on mandatory helmet law enforcement along with public education as the most effective ways to raise helmet usage.
PRECISE—A MODEL OF COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN INJURY PREVENTION IN BANGLADESH—IMPLICATION FOR OTHER LOW INCOME COUNTRIES
Authors: Baset MK , Mashreky SR , Rahman A , Hossain MJ , Rahman AKMF , Towner E 
Published: October 2012

IntroductionCommunity participation is an important component of a community based health intervention especially in designing, implementing and sustainability issues. A model of community participation was developed and practiced in the PRECISE (Prevention of Child Injury through Social Intervention) project in Bangladesh.ObjectiveTo describe the process of development and role of community groups in a child injury prevention project in Bangladesh.MethodsCommunity participation was identified as one of the guiding principle in PRECISE. Villages were identified as units for developing a community groups. Prior to developing groups, 80–100 enthusiastic villagers were invited in a meeting; magnitude and consequences of injury and prevention issues were discussed. Discussion took place how the community people can contribute in injury prevention. After that a 7–10 members Village injury Prevention committee (VIPC) was formed by the community people, with active volunteers taking part.Results389 Village Injury Prevention Committee (VIPCs) were formed and each committee has 30% female representatives. Committee members meet every month to review the previous month's implementation status of injury prevention initiatives in their village. Individual and group responsibilities are identified and plans of action developed accordingly. PRECISE has a regular programme for capacity development of the members. Innovative examples of preventive interventions will be discussed and how training for capacity development has developed.ConclusionsPRECISE has developed VIPCs as an effective component of the child injury prevention programme, with community participation actively supported and encouraged.
INTIMATE FEMICIDE IN SOUTH AFRICA: COMPARING TWO STUDIES 10 YEARS APART
Authors: Abrahams N , Mathews S , Jewkes R , Martin L , Lombard C 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundThe killing of a woman by an intimate partner is the most extreme outcome of intimate partner violence.Aims/Objectives/PurposeWe compare the results of a national female homicide study in South Africa that described the epidemiology of intimate femicide for 1999 with the findings from a repeat study 10 years later (2009).MethodsThe methodology of the 1999 study was repeated using a retrospective design of a proportionate random sample of 38 medico-legal laboratories to identify all homicides in 2009 of women over 13 years. Data was abstracted from the mortuary file, autopsy report, and from police data.Results/OutcomeWe estimated 2363 (95% CI 1702 to 3023) female homicides in 2009 compared to 3793 (95% CI 2693 to 4894) in 1999, a 47.8% lower rate (12.9/100 000 vs 24.7/100 000). Intimate femicide rates declined by 36.4% (5.6/100 000 in 2009 vs 8.8/100 000 in 1999) whereas non-intimate femicide rates declined by 49.5%. More rapes were reported among non-intimate femicides in 2009 (p=0.00) while a significant overall reduction of gun murders were found between the 2 years (p=0.04). Convictions declined among non-intimate femicides (p=0.000) (32.7% vs 23.1%) whereas it was stable for intimate femicides (37.4% vs 35.1%).Significance/Contribution to the FieldStudy show homicide in South Africa is declining but gender-based homicides are disproportionately resistant to the change, and rape homicides have proportionately increased. The lesser reduction in intimate's points to poor implementation of intervention programmes for prevention of intimate partner violence.
PREVENTING CHILD MALTREATMENT: IS THERE A NEED FOR A EUROPEAN POLICY?
Authors: Sethi D , Mitis F 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundThe United Nations Secretary-General's report on violence against children has heightened awareness in countries of the victimisation of children worldwide. The response has been greater emphasis on child protection rather than primary prevention.PurposeTo raise the level of debate about the need for European wide policy on the primary prevention of child maltreatment.MethodsPolicy analysis based on documents, survey of health ministry focal persons and age standardised mortality rates.ResultsChild maltreatment is responsible for 1500 deaths in children under 5 years of age in the 53 countries of the WHO European Region. Deaths are the tip of the clinical iceberg and millions of children are affected annually. In spite the gravity of this problem, only 80% of European Member States have policies for child maltreatment, and only 40% focus on primary prevention. WHO is conducting surveys of adverse childhood experiences in Lithuania, Latvia, The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Albania, Montenegro, Romania. Results are being presented at national policy dialogues to prioritise prevention.SignificanceMaltreatment constitutes one of the most severe forms of adverse experiences in childhood, and which are implicated in health risk behaviours and health effects such as the development of noncommunicable disease, mental illness and violence. Policy links are being made to the current global and European health agenda on noncommunicable disease, social determinants of health and Health 2020. This paper presents the evidence and discusses the need for a European policy to advocate for preventing child maltreatment.
ROLE OF HOME ENVIRONMENT, PARENTAL CARE, PARENTS' PERSONALITY AND THEIR RELATIONSHIPS WITH ADOLESCENTS' MENTAL HEALTH
Authors: Deb S 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundHome environment and parent's personality are crucial for good mental health of the children and adolescents.ObjectiveThe broad objective of the study was to examine the relationships between home environment, parental care, parent's personality and mental health of Grade XI and XII adolescents with special reference to adjustment, anxiety, self-concept and self-confidence.MethodsA group of 370 adolescents was covered in the study and data were collected by a Semi-structured Questionnaire and three standardised psychological tests.ResultsAbout one-third (33.8%) adolescents perceived family environment to be disturbed. In this regard, statistically significant difference was found between male and female adolescents (p<0.05). A quarter (24.6%) of the adolescents thought that their parents were too much interfering in their personal affairs. Too much parental pressure for better academic performance was reported by nearly half (46.2%) of the adolescents. Overall, fathers were more likely to be considered as dominating (χ2(1, 740)=15.23, p<0.001) and short-tempered (χ2(1, 740)=7.51, p=0.006), while mothers were more likely to be considered as friendly (χ2(1, 740)=51.64, p<0.001). The results of multiple regression analyses indicate that parental care was associated with high self-confidence while parental pressure was associated with high anxiety. Considering father as friendly was associated with low emotional adjustment and high self-concept while mother as short-tempered was related to high anxiety.Significance/Contribution to the FieldOutcome of the study suggests sensitisation programme for parents and Life Skill Education for adolescents.
PARTNERING WITH THE COMMUNITY TO PREVENT FAMILY VIOLENCE
Authors: James M 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundThe Taranaki Safe Families Trust supports a collaborative of 25 agencies working to plan and deliver a range of local projects linked to the national campaign for action on family violence.Aims/Objectives/PurposeTwo recently developed projects focus on workplaces and sports clubs respectively and have common objectives to increase awareness and make family violence visible and constructively talked about and to create a social climate supporting behaviour change.MethodsThe approach is developed in partnership with employers and clubs or codes and involves establishing and formalising the relationship, reviewing policies and practices, establishing communication channels within the organisation, delivering information resources and training and increasing the capacity within the organisation to support behaviour change.Results/OutcomesPartnerships have been established with New Plymouth District Council, Fonterra Whareroa and Eltham and with rugby league, rugby and soccer clubs as well as with regional netball codes. The presentation illustrates how the model has been tailored to be effectively implemented in these diverse settings. Success achieved to date includes the establishment of a group of trained ‘champions’ within the two workplaces and the visible promotion of family violence prevention messages within the sports clubs.Significance/Contribution to the FieldFamily violence affects people from all walks of life and has an impact in the workplace and the wider community. Taranaki Safe Families is developing a supportive partnership approach by engaging with the wider community to enable the issue to be addressed from within workplaces and other organisations such as sports clubs.
HAVE DECLINES IN ALCOHOL INVOLVEMENT FOR TRAFFIC INJURIES ALSO OCCURRED WITH OTHER INJURIES AND WHAT DO WE REALLY KNOW REGARDING ALCOHOL AND INJURY HOSPITALISATIONS?
Authors: Smith GS , Dischinger P , Tang Y 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundDrunk-driving fatalities declined significantly over the past 25 years; however, many more victims survive their injuries, and it is largely unknown if similar declines in alcohol involvement have occurred among surviving trauma patients, especially for non-motor-vehicle (MV) injuries.ObjectivesTo evaluate trends in alcohol involvement for admissions to a trauma centre from 1988 and develop estimates of alcohol involvement in serious non-fatal trauma.MethodsA toxicology system spanning 25 years was analysed to determine alcohol involvement among injured patients admitted to the busiest US trauma centre. We evaluated trends in alcohol involvement for MV, falls and other injuries.ResultsAlcohol testing rates exceeded 90% annually. The % of male MV cases with BAC≥0.08 declined from 34.7% in 1988 to 21.3% in 1997, plateaued till 2000 and has slowly risen to peak in 2007(26.3%). Falls showed a similar decline from 22.6% in 1888 to 15.9% in 2002 but have since increased. Male firearm injuries showed a similar decline initially from a high of 32.8% to 14.2% in 1999 but have since increased to 19.9% in 2008. The trends for women have been much less consistent although those with a BAC≥0.08 has increased in recent years for MVs but not for other injuries. Patients age 21–34 had highest alcohol involvement with largest trends over time.SignificanceComplete testing of patients admitted to trauma centres is essential to inform and evaluate sound policies on alcohol. Our high testing rates have enabled us to uncover previously unrecognised trends in alcohol involvement in non-vehicular injuries.
A CASE STUDY: ACTIVE LEARNING FROM A PROGRAMME TO REDUCE INJURY WHERE ALCOHOL IS A CONTRIBUTING FACTOR
Authors: Harper K 
Published: October 2012

New Zealand recognises it has a drinking culture that affects the quality of life for both drinkers and non-drinkers. This affect is most often associated with health and social impacts. However, it is estimated that 22% of Accident Compensation claims, under the ACC scheme, are alcohol related and cost $650 million per year.This indifference toward injury is due, in part at least, to public attitude towards alcohol and the policies that affect this. As a result, preventing alcohol-related injury is dependent on understanding the complex interplay between individual, community and societal factors.The goal of the ACC alcohol-related injury programme is to reduce the cost of injury where alcohol is a contributing factor. This requires a broad approach, combining public health and injury prevention practices. As such, there is a need to balance short and medium term efforts to reduce the risk of alcohol contributing to injury and long-term objectives to prevent alcohol as a cause of poor health.The programme strategy aims to synchronise education, engineering and enforcement based intervention with audience contemplation, determination and action. Through this approach the programme forecasts a return on investment for injury prevention and longer-term impact on alcohol-related health and social issues.This case study reports active learning from the programme design and development and applies these to ongoing interventions.
TRACTOR RELATED FATALITIES FOLLOWING MANDATORY ROLLOVER PROTECTION STRUCTURE RETROFITTING IN VICTORIA, AUSTRALIA
Authors: Jones CB , Day L , Staines C 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundTractors are associated with more fatalities than any other piece of machinery in agriculture, with rollovers historically being a frequent mechanism. The state of Victoria introduced mandatory retrofitting of rollover protection structures (ROPS) in 1998.Aimsexamine the impact of mandatory ROPS retrofitting on tractors determine patterns and trends of fatal tractor related incidentsMethodsRetrospective population cohort. Farm work-related fatalities among workers 15 years and over between 1985 and 2010 selected from the Victorian Workcover Authority database. Tractor related fatalities identified and coded according to type. Fatality rates with working hours of adult persons employed in agriculture, provided by the Australian Bureau of Statistics, as the denominator. Poisson regression modelling was used to examine trends in fatality rates.Results121 tractor fatalities occurred, of which 55 were rollovers. A significant decline in rollover fatalities of approximately 7% per annum (incidence rate ratio (IRR)=0.93, 95% CI 0.90 to 0.97) was observed, however there was no simple relationship between the introduction of the legislation and the fatality decrease. An increased trend in run over fatalities was found (IRR=1.04, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.09).SignificancePrevious voluntary retrofitting initiatives, coupled with the existing requirement for ROPS on new tractors, may have increased ROPS fitment to a critical point prior to the mandatory retrofitting, diluting the effect over a number of years. While tractor rollover fatalities are now rare events, tractor run over fatalities have increased, suggesting the need for focused prevention programmes.
STRATEGIES FOR INJURY PREVENTION IN SWEDISH AGRICULTURE
Authors: Lundqvist P , Svennefelt C Alwall 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundFatal and non-fatal injuries in agriculture are at a very high level compared with other industries in Sweden.AimsIn order to change this negative situation for the agricultural industry, a number of measures have been initiated. The strategy involves factors, such as: 1) Increased collaboration between involved stakeholders of health and safety in agriculture, 2) A national program on injury prevention and 3) Coordination of actionsMethodsThe coordination is done through the Swedish Committee on Working Environment in Agriculture. It is a network working for a good, healthy and safe working environment in Swedish agriculture.ResultsExamples of activities & partners which are included in this strategy• The Swedish Work Environment Authority has a project with inspections on farms with the aim to reduce the number of injuries.• The Federation of Swedish Farmers with the support of Swedish Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering and Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences are running a national program “Safe Farmers Common Sense”.• The Federation of Swedish Forestry and Agricultural Employers, has a project with farm safety extension service to their members. The service is provided by safety engineers make on-farm visits in order to help the farmers to cope with safety issues.• The Farm Workers Union, have regional safety representatives which gives advice on injury prevention for their members as well as employers on farms to reduce the number of injuries.Our evaluations indicate promising results with positive changes of attitudes and more actions on the farms to prevent injuries.
RESULTS OF SAFE COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT IMPLEMENTATION IN VIETNAM IN THE PERIOD 2002–2011
Authors: Luong MA , Khieu TQT , Tran TNL 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundSafe community model has been long considered as an appropriate method to minimise mortality related injury. The model has been implemented in Viet Nam since 2002.Objective and MethodTo evaluate the achievements of safe community development in Viet Nam in the stage 2002–2010 using desk review and interviewing staff working in injury prevention at provincial level.ResultsSafe community development is based on establishment of safety at school, workplace and public place and intergrated into social and cultural programmes. Many legislation documents on safe community development have been developed and ratified to different levels. In safe communities, the mortality rate has decreased nearly 50% from 37/100 000 population in 2001 to 19/100 000 population in 2010. Also, the number of deaths in children has dropped from 6 to 3 per year. Since 2007, annually, the number of communes registered the safe community development has increased up to 30%. So far, there were 58 Vietnamese safe communities in 14 provinces. Of which, 10 communes were designated as member of the International safe community network.SignificanceThe duplicate of the safe community development is a big challenge in terms of quality, surveillance and implementation. However, in order to contribute to the reduction of mortality related injury, enhancement and expansion of the model is still a priority needed attention and investment.
THE QUICKSCREEN TOOL—A VALIDATED FALLS RISK ASSESSMENT, DEVELOPED AND IMPLEMENTED IN AUSTRALIA FOR USE IN PRIMARY CARE
Authors: Tiedemann A , Lord S , Sherrington C 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundFalling in older age presents a major challenge to health systems and older people. This abstract forms part of the symposium: ‘Integrating Older Adult Falls Prevention into Clinical Practice—Experiences from Four Countries’, which also includes presentations by Judy Stevens, Clare Robertson and Vicky Scott.Aims/Objectives/PurposeWe will outline the development of the QuickScreen risk assessment, including the validation, reliability and feasibility studies and implementation into practice.MethodsThe development study involved 764 older community-living people. 362 people participated in the external validation and 30 in the reliability study. The QuickScreen was trialled by 32 clinicians with their patients.Results/Outcome20% of development study participants experienced multiple falls (≥2) during the 1-year follow-up. Each of the assessment items; low-contrast visual acuity, tactile sensitivity, sit to stand test, alternate step test, near tandem stand test, previous falls and medications, discriminated between multiple fallers and non-multiple fallers (relative risk values: 1.4–2.4). 22% of external validation study participants suffered multiple falls during the prospective follow-up and the QuickScreen discriminated between falls groups with an area under the ROC curve of 0.72 (95% CI 0.66 to 0.79). The QuickScreen items exhibited moderate to excellent test–retest reliability (intra-class correlation coefficients range: 0.54–0.89). 72% of the clinicians found that the assessment took less than 10 min to administer, making it feasible for use in a normal consultation time.Significance/ContributionThe QuickScreen can identify high-risk fallers and help to guide fall-prevention interventions. It has been implemented in Australia and internationally by a range of health professionals.
DEVELOPING, IMPLEMENTING, AND EVALUATING TRAUMA CARE SYSTEMS: EXPERIENCES FROM LOW- AND MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES
Authors: Hyder A , Joshipura M , Raczak J , Herbert H , Stevens K 
Published: October 2012

This workshop will focus on trauma care system s in low- and middle-income countries and demonstrate that established interventions can make a significant impact on injury prevention and public health. Fundamental elements in strengthening the care of the injured patient will be highlighted, including defining the epidemiology of trauma care injuries, implementing evidence-based trauma care interventions, and assessing the overall impact of these interventions.Enhancing trauma care systems can be achieved through three key functions: 1)Describing trauma systems profiles: Comprehensive baseline needs assessments of formal and informal trauma care systems must be described through an interdisciplinary review of m ultiple data sources; 2)Implementing targeted evidence-based interventions: Building on the baseline description of current trauma systems, interventions can be developed and implemented to meet the needs of national and local systems; and 3)Evaluating impact: Interventions can be assessed in term s of the overall change in health, economic, and social outcomes.Through this workshop, we will provide an overview of this approach and four case studies that used these functions as tools to describe trauma care systems in low- and middle-income countries. The strengths of these tools lie in 1) the development of acore set of methodsto describe both prehospital and hospital based trauma care systems; 2) the ability to approach trauma care systems development in anevidence-based, scientifically valid, yet practical manner; and 3) the application ofsystematic monitoring and evaluationmethods.