bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of transarterial chemoembolization with radiofrequency ablation for unresectable Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage 0/A hepatocellular carcinoma: a propensity score matching
Authors: Chen Rong‐xin , Gan Yu‐hong , Ge Ning‐lin , Chen Yi , Ma Hui , Wang Yan , Zhang Bo‐heng , Wang Yan‐hong , Ye Sheng‐long , Luo Jian‐feng , Ren Zheng‐gang 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackground and Aim:Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is recommended as one of the standard treatments for early hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Because of high‐risk tumor locations unfit for RFA, transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is served as an alternative option in these settings. To define the role of TACE on early HCC, we retrospectively compared the efficacies of TACE with RFA in patients with unresectable Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage 0/A HCC.Materials and Methods:Treatment‐naïve patients with unresectable BCLC stage 0/A HCC who underwent TACE or RFA were recruited from 2007 to 2011. In all, 208 patients who underwent TACE and 235 patients who underwent RFA were included in the final analysis. Using the propensity model to correct selection bias, 103 patients were selected from each treatment arm. Cumulative overall survival (OS) as the primary end point was compared after adjustment with propensity score matching.Results:In all patients, the OS rate was significantly higher in patients treated with RFA than that in those who received TACE (1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year OS rates, 93.7%, 72.6%, and 58.1% vs 88.1%, 50.3%, and 30.4%, respectively; P < 0.001). However, adjustment with propensity score matching yielded comparable OS between the two groups (P = 0.207). Subgroup analysis showed that RFA provided better OS than TACE in patients with serum γ‐glutamyltranspeptidase < 75 IU/L (P = 0.035). Univariate and subsequent multivariate analyses revealed that Child‐Pugh class B (hazard ratio = 1.805; 95% confidence interval, 1.805–3.003; P = 0.023) and hepatitis C virus positivity (hazard ratio = 2.478; 95% confidence interval, 1.136–5.404; P = 0.023) were independent predictors of poor prognosis.Conclusion:Transarterial chemoembolization is an effective alternative treatment for unresectable BCLC stage 0/A HCC when RFA is not feasible.
Reduction in mRNA and protein expression of a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α8 subunit is associated with resistance to imidacloprid in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens
Authors: Zhang Yixi , Wang Xin , Yang Baojun , Hu Yuanyuan , Huang Lixin , Bass Chris , Liu Zewen 
Published: August 2015

AbstractTarget‐site resistance is commonly caused by qualitative changes in insecticide target‐receptors and few studies have implicated quantitative changes in insecticide targets in resistance. Here we show that resistance to imidacloprid in a selected strain of Nilaparvata lugens is associated with a reduction in expression levels of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunit Nlα8. Synergism bioassays of the selected strain suggested resistance was conferred, in part, by a target‐site mechanism. Sequencing of N. lugens nAChR subunit genes identified no mutations associated with resistance, however, a decrease in mRNA and protein levels of Nlα8 was observed during selection. RNA interference knockdown of Nlα8 decreased the sensitivity of N. lugens to imidacloprid, demonstrating that a decrease in Nlα8 expression is sufficient to confer resistance in vivo. Radioligand binding assays revealed that the affinity of the high‐affinity imidacloprid‐binding site of native nAChRs was reduced by selection, and reducing the amount of Nlα8 cRNA injected into Xenopus oocytes significantly decreased imidacloprid potency on recombinant receptors. Taken together, these results provide strong evidence that a decrease in Nlα8 levels confers resistance to imidacloprid in N. lugens, and thus provides a rare example of target‐site resistance associated with a quantitative rather than qualitative change.
image
In insects, target‐site mutations often cause high resistance to insecticides, such as neonicotinoids acting on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Here we found that a quantitative change in target‐protein level, decrease in mRNA and protein levels of Nlα8, contributed importantly to imidacloprid resistance in Nilaparvata lugens. This finding provides a new target‐site mechanism of insecticide resistance.
The Association of Fibrinous Pleural Effusion with Survival and Complications in Horses with Pleuropneumonia (2002–2012): 74 Cases
Authors: Tomlinson J.E. , Reef V.B. , Boston R.C. , Johnson A.L. 
Published: August 2015

BackgroundFibrinous parapneumonic pleural effusions are associated with decreased efficacy of pleural fluid drainage and increased risk of medical treatment failure in people, but similar associations have not been established in horses.Hypothesis/ObjectivesWe hypothesized that fibrin deposition in the pleural cavity of horses with parapneumonic effusions increases the risk of poor outcome.AnimalsSeventy four horses with bacterial pleuropneumonia diagnosed by culture and cytology of tracheal aspirates, pleural fluid, or both, and pleural effusion diagnosed by ultrasonographic examination.MethodsRetrospective study of cases was from 2002 to 2012. Information obtained from the medical records included signalment, history, sonographic findings, treatments, and outcome. The primary outcome investigated was survival and secondary outcomes were development of complications and surgical intervention. Fisher's exact test and logistic regression were applied for categorical variables. At‐test was used to find differences in continuous variables between groups.ResultsSeventy four horses met study criteria and 50 (68%) survived. Fibrinous pleural effusion was associated with higher respiratory rate and pleural fluid height at admission, necrotizing pneumonia, increased number of indwelling thoracic drains required for treatment, and decreased survival.Conclusions and clinical importanceFibrin accumulation in parapneumonic effusions is associated with increased mortality. Direct fibrinolytic treatment might be indicated in affected horses.
The paradox of invasion: Reeves' muntjac deer invade the British Isles from a limited number of founding females
Authors: Freeman M. S. , Beatty G. E. , Dick J. T. A. , Reid N. , Provan J. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractHigh levels of genetic diversity and high propagule pressure are favoured by conservation biologists as the basis for successful reintroductions and ensuring the persistence of populations. However, invasion ecologists recognize the ‘paradox of invasion’, as successful species introductions may often be characterized by limited numbers of individuals and associated genetic bottlenecks. In the present study, we used a combination of high‐resolution nuclear and mitochondrial genetic markers to investigate the invasion history of Reeves' muntjac deer in the British Isles. This invasion has caused severe economic and ecological damage, with secondary spread currently a concern throughout Europe and potentially globally. Microsatellite analysis based on eight loci grouped all 176 introduced individuals studied from across the species' range in the UK into one genetic cluster, and seven mitochondrial D‐loop haplotypes were recovered, two of which were present at very low frequency and were related to more common haplotypes. Our results indicate that the entire invasion can be traced to a single founding event involving a low number of females. These findings highlight the fact that even small releases of species may, if ignored, result in irreversible and costly invasion, regardless of initial genetic diversity or continual genetic influx.
Food insecurity reported by children, but not by mothers, is associated with lower quality of diet and shifts in foods consumed
Authors: Bernal Jennifer , Frongillo Edward A , Rivera Juan A 
Published: August 2015

AbstractHousehold food security shows little indication of nutrient inadequacy among children, according to reports made by parents. We examined the associations of food insecurity as reported by children and mothers with children's consumption of energy, macronutrients such as vitaminA, calcium, iron and zinc, and selected foods, and whether these associations differed by child's gender. This cross‐sectional study had non‐probabilistic 128Venezuelan mother–child pairs. We assessed food insecurity and management strategies in children using 10‐ and nine‐item instruments, respectively. Mothers' report of food insecurity came from a previously validated 12‐item instrument. Nutrient intake of children was assessed with a 67‐item food frequency questionnaire. Comparisons were made using chi‐square test for contingency tables andt‐tests for trends (P < 0.05). Linear regression models were used for intakes of nutrients and selected foods. We tested for interactions with gender. Prevalence of child‐ and mother‐reported food insecurity was 83.6 and 61.7%, respectively (P < 0.01). Greater food insecurity or management strategies reported by boys was associated with lower calcium, iron and zinc intake (P < 0.05), but reported intakes were low in girls who are even food secure. Rice and corn flour consumption was higher with higher food insecurity in children. Papaya and banana were less consumed by food‐insecure children. We found shifts in 13 of 67 foods consumed, with less quality in those food insecure, as reported by children. Mother‐reported food insecurity was associated only with rice intake of children. In contrast to mothers' reports, food insecurity reported by children was associated with children's lower quality of diet and shifts in foods consumed.
Impaired Myocardial Oxygenation Response to Stress in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Parnham Susie , Gleadle Jonathan M. , Bangalore Sripal , Grover Suchi , Perry Rebecca , Woodman Richard J. , De Pasquale Carmine G. , Selvanayagam Joseph B. 
Published: August 2015

Background

Coronary artery disease and left ventricular hypertrophy are prevalent in the chronic kidney disease (
CKD
) and renal transplant (
RT
) population. Advances in cardiovascular magnetic resonance (
CMR
) with blood oxygen level–dependent (
BOLD
) technique provides capability to assess myocardial oxygenation as a measure of ischemia. We hypothesized that the myocardial oxygenation response to stress would be impaired in
CKD
and
RT
patients.

Methods and Results

Fifty‐three subjects (23 subjects with
CKD
, 10
RT
recipients, 10 hypertensive (
HT
) controls, and 10 normal controls without known coronary artery disease) underwent
CMR
scanning. All groups had cine and
BOLD CMR
at 3 T. The
RT
and
HT
groups also had late gadolinium
CMR
to assess infarction/replacement fibrosis. The
CKD
group underwent 2‐dimensional echocardiography strain to assess fibrosis. Myocardial oxygenation was measured at rest and under stress with adenosine (140 μg/kg per minute) using
BOLD
signal intensity. A total of 2898 myocardial segments (1200 segments in
CKD
patients, 552 segments in
RT
, 480 segments in
HT
, and 666 segments in normal controls) were compared using linear mixed modeling. Diabetes mellitus (
P
=0.47) and hypertension (
P
=0.57) were similar between
CKD
,
RT
, and
HT
groups. The mean
BOLD
signal intensity change was significantly lower in the
CKD
and
RT
groups compared to
HT
controls and normal controls (−0.89±10.63% in
CKD
versus 5.66±7.87% in
RT
versus 15.54±9.58% in
HT
controls versus 16.19±11.11% in normal controls,
P
<0.0001).
BOLD
signal intensity change was associated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (β=0.16, 95%
CI
=0.10 to 0.22,
P
<0.0001). Left ventricular mass index and left ventricular septal wall diameter were similar between the
CKD
predialysis,
RT
, and
HT
groups. None of the
CKD
patients had impaired global longitudinal strain and none of the
RT
group had late gadolinium hyperenhancement.

Conclusions

Myocardial oxygenation response to stress is impaired in
CKD
patients and
RT
recipients without known coronary artery disease, and unlikely to be solely accounted for by the presence of diabetes mellitus, left ventricular hypertrophy, or myocardial scarring. The impaired myocardial oxygenation in
CKD
patients may be associated with declining renal function. Noncontrast
BOLD CMR
is a promising tool for detecting myocardial ischemia in the
CKD
population.
A Systematic Review of the Outcomes of Posterolateral Corner Knee Injuries, Part 1
Authors: Geeslin Andrew G. , Moulton Samuel G. , LaPrade Robert F. 
Published: August 2015

Background: There is a paucity of outcome data to guide the surgical treatment of acute grade III posterolateral corner (PLC) knee injuries. Purpose: To systematically review the literature to compare clinical outcomes of the treatment for acute grade III PLC injuries. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A systematic review of the literature including Cochrane, PubMed, Medline, and Embase was performed. The following search terms were used: posterolateral corner knee, posterolateral knee, posterolateral instability, multiligament knee, and knee dislocation. Inclusion criteria were outcome studies of surgically treated acute PLC injuries with a minimum 2-year follow-up, subjective outcomes, objective outcomes including varus stability, and subgroup data on PLC injuries. Two investigators independently reviewed all abstracts. Accepted definitions of varus stability on examination or stress radiographs and the need for revision surgery were used to categorically define success and failure. Results: Eight studies with a total of 134 patients were included. The mean patient age was reported in 7 studies (range, 21-31.5 years). The mean time to surgery was reported in 5 studies (range, 15-24.3 days); surgery was performed within 3 weeks in the other 3 studies. Four studies reported International Knee Documentation Committee scores (range, 78.1-91.3); 5 studies reported Lysholm scores (range, 87.5-90.3). Only 3 studies obtained bilateral varus stress radiographs. Based on an objective evaluation with varus stress examinations or radiographs, there was an overall success rate of 81% and failure rate of 19%. In 2 studies, the fibular collateral ligament and popliteus tendon were repaired and staged cruciate reconstruction performed in most patients; there were 17 failures of 45 patients (38%). In the remainder of the studies, patients were treated with local tissue transfer, hybrid repair for amenable structures or reconstruction for midsubstance tears, or reconstruction of all torn structures; the failure rate was 9%. Conclusion: The repair of acute grade III PLC injuries and staged treatment of combined cruciate injuries were associated with a substantially higher postoperative PLC failure rate. Further research is required to identify the reconstruction technique that provides optimal subjective and objective outcomes.
A Systematic Review of the Outcomes of Posterolateral Corner Knee Injuries, Part 2
Authors: Moulton Samuel G. , Geeslin Andrew G. , LaPrade Robert F. 
Published: August 2015

Background: There are a variety of reported surgical techniques outcomes of chronic grade III posterolateral corner (PLC) knee injuries. It is unknown if outcomes differ among the various surgical treatments. Purpose: To systematically review the literature and report subjective and objective outcomes for surgical treatment strategies for chronic grade III PLC injuries to determine the optimal surgical technique. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A systematic review of the literature including Cochrane, PubMed, Medline, and Embase was performed. The following search terms were used: posterolateral corner knee, posterolateral knee, posterolateral instability, multiligament knee, and knee dislocation. Inclusion criteria were outcome studies of surgical treatment for chronic PLC knee injuries with a minimum 2-year follow-up, subjective outcomes, objective outcomes including varus stability, and subgroup data on PLC injuries. Two investigators independently reviewed all abstracts. Accepted definitions of varus stability on examination or stress radiographs, and the need for revision surgery, were used to categorically define success and failure. Results: Fifteen studies with a total of 456 patients were included in this study. The 15 studies included 5 with level 3 evidence and 10 with level 4 evidence. The mean age of the patients in each study ranged from 25.2 to 40 years, the reported mean time to surgery ranged from 5.5 to 52.8 months, and the mean follow-up duration ranged from 2 to 16.3 years. Mean postoperative Lysholm scores ranged from 65.5 to 91.8; mean postoperative International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scores ranged from 62.6 to 86.0. Based on objective stability, there was an overall success rate of 90% and a 10% failure rate of PLC reconstruction. A variety of surgical techniques were reported. Conclusion: Chronic PLC injuries were reconstructed in all studies, and while techniques varied, the surgical management of chronic PLC injuries had a 90% success rate and a 10% failure rate according to the individual investigators’ examination or stress radiographic assessment of objective outcomes. More than half of the 456 patients had a combined posterior cruciate ligament–PLC injury. Surgical techniques included variations of fibular slings, capsular shifts, and anatomic-based techniques (fibular tunnel and tibial tunnel). Further research is needed to determine the optimal surgical technique for treating chronic grade III PLC injuries.
Ambivalencia moral en la constitución de la subjetividad política de niños y niñas
Authors: Marín Posada Mary Luz 
Published: August 2015

<p>Este artículo esboza la ambivalencia moral a la que se ven abocados un grupo de niños y niñas del barrio 8 de marzo de la ciudad de Medellín, entre 5 y 6 años. Estos niños y niñas habitan en medio de un contexto conflictivo que restringe, pero que también potencia la vida. Es producto de un estudio hermenéutico que tuvo como interés, comprender las configuraciones morales de niños y niñas y la constitución de su subjetividad política. A partir de los hallazgos de este estudio encontramos como categoría axial la ambivalencia moral en niños y niñas, a la cual pretendo aproximarme con este artículo. </p>
La investigación y el uso de plantas medicinales visto a través de la escuela
Authors: Reyes Parrado Adriana Elizabeth 
Published: August 2015

<p>Las Ciencias Naturales son cruciales para procesos de aprendizaje en temas de conservación, medio ambiente y rescate cultural. Como parte de este proceso, estudiantes campesinos realizaron encuestas etnobotánicas en sus comunidades, encontrando 57 especies de plantas empleadas para diversas aplicaciones medicinales. Aquí se reportan su identidad taxonómica, las formas de preparación y los usos empleados por los habitantes. Las familias más representativas fueron Lamiaceae (19%), Asteraceae (14%), Apiaceae (7%), Rutaceae (5%), Verbenaceae (5%), Umbelliferae (3%) y Fabaceae (3%). Dentro de las especies más empleadas estaban la <em>Mentha piperita </em> (15,3%), <em>Aloe vera</em> (8,3%), <em>Chenopodium </em><em>anthelminthium</em> (6,4%), <em>Rosmarinus officinalis </em> (5,8%), <em>Ocimum michrantum </em> (5,2%), <em>Ruta graveolens</em> (5%), <em>Melissa officinalis</em> (5%) y <em>Cymbopogon citratus </em> (5%). Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que los conocimientos tradicionales sobre plantas medicinales, está fuertemente arraigado en las comunidades rurales y que a pesar de la ampliación de cobertura en salud estos saberes aún persisten.</p><p> </p><p>The Natural Sciences are crucial to learning processes in conservation, environment and cultural recovery. As part of this process, students conducted ethnobotanical surveys in rural communities, finding 57 species of medicinal plants used for various applications. Here are reported taxonomic identity, forms of preparation and applications used by the inhabitants. The most representative families were Lamiaceae (19%), Asteraceae (14%), Apiaceae (7%), Rutaceae (5%), Verbenaceae (5%), Umbelliferae (3%) and Fabaceae (3%). Among the species most used were the Mentha piperita (15.3%), Aloe vera (8.3%), Chenopodium anthelminthium (6.4%), Rosmarinus officinalis (5.8%), Ocimum michrantum (5.2 %), Ruta graveolens (5 %), Melissa officinalis (5 %) and Cymbopogon citratus (5 %). The results show that traditional knowledge about medicinal plants, is deeply rooted in rural communities and that despite the expansion of health coverage this knowledge still persist.</p><p> </p><p> </p>
INFLUENCIA DE LAS PROPIEDADES FÍSICAS DEL SUELO Y LA TOPOGRAFÍA EN LA PRODUCCIÓN DEL FICUS SOATENSIS (CAUCHO SABANERO) EN EL PARQUE METROPOLITANO EL TUNAL DE LA CIUDAD DE BOGOTÁ D.C.
Authors: Polanco Linda Katherine García , Samudio Pulido Diego Felipe 
Published: August 2015

<p>La presente investigación analiza la relación existente entre las propiedades físicas del suelo y los parámetros topográficos con el desarrollo y crecimiento de 24 individuos de Ficus soatensis (caucho sabanero) localizados en el Parque Metropolitano El Tunal de la ciudad de Bogotá D.C. teniendo en cuenta el Diámetro a la Altura del Pecho y la altura total como variables forestales. Después de un análisis estadístico descriptivo y de distribución espacial de las propiedades físicas del suelo y las variables topográficas, se aplicó un diseño experimental donde se consideraron como fuentes de variación diferentes rangos de valores en el contenido de humedad, densidad aparente, densidad real, contenido de arena, infiltración básica, conductividad hidráulica, lámina de agua, pendiente, gradiente, curvatura y el aspecto (orientación), de esta forma se analizó la existencia de diferencias significativas tanto en la altura como en el diámetro en función de los tratamientos considerados. La investigación se enmarca dentro de una fase exploratoria que integra el estudio de campos como la física de suelos, la silvicultura urbana y rural, estableciendo una metodología en estudios como los de índice de sitio.</p>
The Effect of Feeding Neutralizer on the Growth of Bifidobacterium Bifidum
Authors: Shu Guowei , Wang Shuai , Chen He , Hu Man , Qin Tao , Ma Qi 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
In order to investigative the effect of different neutralizers and their feeding time on culture of Bifidobacterium bifidum BB01, and pH, OD and viable count of B. bifidumBB01 in the medium in different time were measured. The results indicated that the NaOH solution was the optimum neutralizer compared with the others, and feeding time of the neutralizer to B. bifidum BB01 was 13 hours after inoculation. Furthermore, the OD value and viable count reached maximum at 21h (OD value= 1.667) and 20h (viable count: (3.52±0.046) ×109 CFU/mL) after the NaOH solution was added to the medium, respectively. In addition, the maximum OD value implied that the logarithmic phase of B. bifidum BB01 was delayed compared with the control and the viable count were 29.26% larger than the control group. The result of the study provides a method and an important basis for improving the viable counts of B. bifidum BB01.
Occurence of Fusarium Mycotoxins in Wheat from Europe – A Review
Authors: Stanciu Oana , Banc Roxana , Cozma Anamaria , Filip Lorena , Miere Doina , Mañes Jordi , Loghin Felicia 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The quality of cereals is very important for both human and animal nutrition. Fusarium mycotoxins include a great number of compounds. Trichothecenes, zearalenone (ZEN) and fumonisins are the major Fusarium mycotoxins occurring in cereal grains, animal feeds and forages. Conditions that predispose to mycotoxin production by Fusarium species include humidity, temperature, aeration and substrate type. Even if a great number of fungal metabolites have been designated as mycotoxins, a small number are known to have significant animal/human health and economic significance. For this, the world-wide impact of mycotoxins on human and animal health is likely underestimated and the future in this area is to identify additional specific biomarkers and group of biomarkers that can be used to establish the exposition of human and animals to individual mycotoxins.