bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Evaluation of Liquid Ammonia (Ammonium Hydroxide) as a Candidate Piscicide
Authors: Ward David L. , Morton-Starner R. , Hedwall Shaula J. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Eradication of populations of nonnative aquatic species for the purpose of reintroducing native fish is often difficult because very few effective tools are available for removing aquatic organisms. This creates the need to evaluate new chemicals that could be used as management tools for native fish conservation. Ammonia is a natural product of fish metabolism and is naturally present in the environment at low levels, yet is known to be toxic to most aquatic species. Our objective was to determine the feasibility of using liquid ammonia as a fisheries management tool by evaluating its effectiveness at killing undesirable aquatic species and its persistence in a pond environment. A suite of invasive aquatic species commonly found in the southwestern USA were introduced into two experimental outdoor ponds located at the Rocky Mountain Research Station in Flagstaff, Arizona. Each pond was treated with ammonium hydroxide (29%) at 38 ppm. This target concentration was chosen because previous studies using anhydrous ammonia reported incomplete fish kills in ponds at concentrations less than 30 ppm. Water quality was monitored for 49 d to determine how quickly the natural bacteria in the environment converted the ammonia to nitrate. Ammonia levels remained above 8 ppm for 24 and 18 d, respectively, in ponds 1 and 2. Nitrite levels in each pond began to rise approximately 14 d after dosing with ammonia and stayed above 5 ppm for an additional 21 d in pond 1 and 18 d in pond 2. After 49 d all water in both ponds was drained and no fish, crayfish, or tadpoles were found to have survived the treatment, but aquatic turtles remained alive and appeared unaffected. Liquid ammonia appears to be an effective tool for removing many problematic invasive aquatic species and may warrant further investigation as a piscicide.
Received October 26, 2012; accepted January 2, 2013
Effects of Water Temperature, Photoperiod, Eyestalk Ablation, and Non-Hormonal Treatments on Spawning of Ovary-Mature Red Swamp Crayfish
Authors: Liu Shengli , Gong Shiyuan , Li Jinmei , Huang Wenhu 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
This study evaluated the temperature and photoperiod requirements of spawning in ovary-mature red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii and examined the feasibility of inducing spawning in them by inexpensive and practical, nonhormonal treatments. In a spawning induction experiment lasting 20 d, four water temperature gradients (12–14°C, 16–18°C, 20–22°C, 24–26°C) and four photoperiods (completely light [CL], 16 h light: 8 h dark [16L:8D], 12 h light: 12 h dark [12L:12D], and completely dark [CD]) were evaluated. Spawning in ovary-mature red swamp crayfish could be observed in a relatively broad temperature range, from 16°C to 22°C. A period (5–14 d) of low temperature (16–18°C) significantly induced spawning in ovary-mature females (p &lt; 0.01), but hibernation began to occur and spawning could not be observed when the temperature was below 14°C. Spawning occurred in both CD and CL circumstances, but long-period light-groups showed a higher spawning rate—68.9 ± 10.2% (mean ± SD) for CL and 69.6 ± 6.4% for 16L:8D—than that in short-period light-groups—53.3 ± 5.7% for 12L:12D and 33.3 ± 8.3% for CD (p &lt; 0.05). In another spawning induction experiment lasting 3 d, eyestalk interventional stimulating with a high concentration of Na+ combined with a low concentration of Ca2+ induced spawning with a high survival rate (SR = 95.8 ± 7.3% [mean ± SD]) in ovary-mature females. A high concentration of K+ combined with a high concentration of Ca2+ caused no spawning and a high mortality rate (SR = 20.8 ± 19.0% [mean ± SD]). In this study we also observed that water removal or removing from water can be a stimulating factor of inducing fast and synchronous spawning in ovary-mature crayfish, inducing 46 (16.0%) of 288 ovary-mature red swamp crayfish spawned in 10–185 s.
CytoHiC: a cytoscape plugin for visual comparison of Hi-C networks
Authors: Shavit Yoli , Lio' Pietro 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Summary: With the introduction of the Hi-C method new and fundamental properties of the nuclear architecture are emerging. The ability to interpret data generated by this method, which aims to capture the physical proximity between and within chromosomes, is crucial for uncovering the three dimensional structure of the nucleus. Providing researchers with tools for interactive visualization of Hi-C data can help in gaining new and important insights. Specifically, visual comparison can pinpoint changes in spatial organization between Hi-C datasets, originating from different cell lines or different species, or normalized by different methods. Here, we present CytoHiC, a Cytsocape plugin, which allow users to view and compare spatial maps of genomic landmarks, based on normalized Hi-C datasets. CytoHiC was developed to support intuitive visual comparison of Hi-C data and integration of additional genomic annotations.
Availability: The CytoHiC plugin, source code, user manual, example files and documentation are available at: http://apps.cytoscape.org/apps/cytohicplugin
Contact: yolisha@gmail.com or ys388@cam.ac.uk
CistromeFinder for ChIP-seq and DNase-seq data reuse
Authors: Sun Hanfei , Qin Bo , Liu Tao , Wang Qixuan , Liu Jing , Wang Juan , Lin Xueqiu , Yang Yulin , Taing Len , Rao Prakash K. , Brown Myles , Zhang Yong , Long Henry W. , Liu X. Shirley 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Summary: Chromatin immunoprecipitation and DNase I hypersensitivity assays with high-throughput sequencing have greatly accelerated the understanding of transcriptional and epigenetic regulation, although data reuse for the community of experimental biologists has been challenging. We created a data portal CistromeFinder that can help query, evaluate and visualize publicly available Chromatin immunoprecipitation and DNase I hypersensitivity assays with high-throughput sequencing data in human and mouse. The database currently contains 6378 samples over 4391 datasets, 313 factors and 102 cell lines or cell populations. Each dataset has gone through a consistent analysis and quality control pipeline; therefore, users could evaluate the overall quality of each dataset before examining binding sites near their genes of interest. CistromeFinder is integrated with UCSC genome browser for visualization, Primer3Plus for ChIP-qPCR primer design and CistromeMap for submitting newly available datasets. It also allows users to leave comments to facilitate data evaluation and update.
Availability: http://cistrome.org/finder.
Contact: xsliu@jimmy.harvard.edu or henry_long@dfci.harvard.edu
Impact of right ventricular reserve on exercise capacity and survival in patients with pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Blumberg Friedrich C. , Arzt Michael , Lange Tobias , Schroll Stephan , Pfeifer Michael , Wensel Roland 
Published: March 2013

AimsPulmonary hypertension is a clinical syndrome characterized by a progressive increase in pulmonary vascular resistance leading to right ventricular failure and death. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) are key subgroups of this disorder with comparable clinical and pathological findings. Resting pulmonary haemodynamics correlate only moderately with functional parameters and do not predict prognosis in these patients sufficiently accurately. We therefore correlated exercise haemodynamics with peak oxygen uptake (peakVO2) and determined their prognostic significance.Methods and resultsThirty‐six consecutive patients (21 female, 54 ± 15 years) with PAH (n = 21) or inoperable CTEPH were studied. The mean follow‐up period was 1709 ± 837 days. All patients underwent right heart catheterization at rest and during exercise, and cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Patients had severe pulmonary hypertension at rest (mean pulmonary artery pressure 46 + 11 mmHg, cardiac index 2.2 ± 0.6 L/min/m2, pulmonary vascular resistance 861 ± 330 dynes/s/cm5). Exercise cardiac index correlated with peakVO2 (r = 0.59, P < 0.001) and was the only independent predictor of peakVO2 on multivariate stepwise linear regression analyses (P < 0.001). PeakVO2 was the strongest predictor of survival (χ2 = 14.5, P = 0.003). Among haemodynamic variables, only exercise cardiac index (χ2 = 5.6, P = 0.018) and the slope of the pressure/flow relationship (χ2 = 4.1, P = 0.04) were significant prognostic indicators.ConclusionThe ability of the right ventricle to increase the cardiac index during exercise is an important determinant of exercise capacity in patients with pulmonary hypertension. It also predicts prognosis and might therefore be useful in the clinical assessment of these patients.
ATCA survey of H2O masers in the Large Magellanic Cloud
Authors: Imai H. , Katayama Y. , Ellingsen S. P. , Hagiwara Y. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
We have analysed archival data taken with the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) during 2001–2003 and detected nine new interstellar and circumstellar H2O masers in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). This takes the total number of star formation H2O masers in the LMC to 23, spread over 14 different star-forming regions and 3 evolved stars. Three H2O maser sources (N105a/MC23, N113/MC24, N157a/MC74) have been detected in all the previous observations that targeted these sites, although all show significant variability on time-scales of decades. The total number of independent H2O maser sources now known in the LMC means that through very long baseline interferometry astrometric measurements it will be possible to construct a more precise model of the galactic rotation of the LMC and its orbital motion around the Milky Way Galaxy.
Livy
Authors: Levene David 
Published: March 2013

Livy (Titus Livius) was born in (probably) 59 bce, in Patavium (the modern Padua); he died in (probably) 17 ce. Little is known of his life; he is not attested as having held any political or military office. Later sources mention his acquaintance with the imperial family: he is said to have been on good terms with the emperor Augustus and to have encouraged the future emperor Claudius to study history. Although he is attested as having written on other topics, his reputation in the twenty-first century, as in Antiquity, rests on his vast 142-volume history of Rome from its foundation to his own time. Approximately a quarter survives virtually intact: Books 1–10 and 21–45 (though sections of Books 41, 43, 44, and 45 are lost); they are clearly structured in blocks of five books (known as “pentads”) and ten books (“decades”). The contents of the remainder are known from a variety of indirect sources, above all the so-called Periochae, a brief summary of all but two of the books of the history. Livy’s monumental work formed the standard narrative of the Roman republic for all later generations; it is written from a strongly patriotic perspective, focusing on the development of Roman institutions and the growth of Roman power. In the past most scholars saw the core of the history as a simple celebration of Rome; however, much modern scholarship has emphasized the complex and ambivalent morality that underlies the celebration, since a narrative of moral decline sits side by side with the growth of empire, and surprisingly few of Livy’s protagonists live up wholeheartedly to the virtuous traditions embodied by the city.
Leon Battista Alberti
Authors: Marsh David 
Published: March 2013

Leon Battista Alberti (b. 1404–d. 1472), humanist and architect, was born in Genoa, the illegitimate son of Lorenzo Alberti, a Florentine banker in exile. After studies in Padua and Bologna, he was employed as a papal secretary. He was a prolific and innovative writer in both Latin and Italian. More than any of his contemporaries, Alberti succeeded in fusing ancient and modern elements in all of his humanistic projects ranging from literature to architecture.
Phenotype flexibility in wild fish: Dolly Varden regulate assimilative capacity to capitalize on annual pulsed subsidies
Authors: Armstrong Jonathan B. , Bond Morgan H. 
Published: March 2013

Summary

Large digestive organs increase rates of energy gain when food is plentiful but are costly to maintain and increase rates of energy loss when food is scarce. The physiological adaptations to this trade‐off differ depending on the scale and predictability of variation in food abundance.

Currently, there is little understanding of how animals balance trade‐offs between the cost and capacity of the digestive system in response to resource pulses: rare, ephemeral periods of resource superabundance. We investigated the physiological and behavioural tactics of the fish Dolly Varden (Salvelinus malma) that rear in watersheds with low in situ productivity, but experience annual resource pulses from the spawning migrations of Pacific salmon. The eggs of Pacific salmon provide high‐energy food for Dolly Varden.

Dolly Varden sampled 6 weeks prior to the resource pulse exhibited atrophy of the stomach, pyloric caeca, intestine and liver. Throughout the portion of the growing season prior to the resource pulse, fish exhibited empty stomachs, low indices of energy condition and muscle isotope signatures reflecting the previous resource pulse.

During the resource pulse, Dolly Varden exhibited large digestive machinery, gorged on salmon eggs and rapidly stored energy in fat reserves, somatic growth and gonad development. Dolly Varden appeared to achieve nearly their entire annual energy surplus during the ∼5‐week period when sockeye salmon spawn.

Digestive flexibility provides Dolly Varden the energy efficiency required to survive and reproduce when resource abundance is concentrated into an annual pulse that is predictable, yet highly ephemeral. Although fish are known to incur extremely variable energy budgets, our study is one of the first to document digestive flexibility in wild fish. Our study emphasizes that fish can rely heavily on rare, high‐magnitude foraging opportunities. Human actions that attenuate spikes in food abundance may have stronger than anticipated effects on consumer energy budgets.
Comparing habitat configuration strategies for retaining biodiversity under climate change
Authors: Mokany Karel , Harwood Thomas D. , Ferrier Simon 
Published: March 2013

SummaryEstablishing new conservation reserves is a key management response to promote the persistence of biodiversity under climate change. Although there are many approaches to designing reserves, quantitatively assessing the performance of alternative habitat configuration strategies in retaining biodiversity has been limited by the lack of suitable modelling frameworks.Here, we apply a new dynamic macroecological modelling approach to compare the outcomes under climate change for plant biodiversity inTasmania (all 2051 species) when new conservation reserves are established according to four contrasting reserve design strategies: connectivity; aggregation; representativeness; and a balanced approach.The most effective reserve design strategy under climate change depended on the specific conservation goal. New reserves focussed on improving representativeness most effectively promoted regional gamma diversity; however, the aggregation and balanced strategies best promoted the mean area of occurrence across all species.As the modelled level of dispersal increased, the connectivity strategy became relatively less effective, and the aggregation strategy relatively more effective in retaining biodiversity.Synthesis and applications. Our results demonstrate that adherence to a single habitat configuration strategy, such as connectivity, is unlikely to result in the best outcomes for biodiversity under climate change. The best reserve design strategy under climate change will vary between regions due to unique combinations of attributes and between taxa due to contrasting dispersal abilities. Quantitative assessments, such as ours, are required to identify configurations that will best retain the biodiversity of each region under climate change.
Is there useful information in the ‘use of proceeds’ disclosures in IPO prospectuses?
Authors: Wyatt Anne 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis study contributes evidence on the valuation relevance of the ‘use of proceeds’ disclosure in the initial public offering (IPO) prospectus. This article develops a classification of ‘use of proceeds’ disclosures that aims to capture information embedded in the disclosures relating to the purpose (growth, production, financing) and amount committed to specific assets. These measures are then related to IPO underpricing, survival prediction and expected and realised prospects of the IPOs. The results suggest the ‘use of proceeds’ disclosure categories have incremental information over other sources of information for underpricing, for predicting firm survival and in the case of some disclosure categories, for investors’ evaluation of the firms’ prospects and risks in the early years after listing.
Neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin (NGAL) levels in response to unilateral renal ischaemia in a novel pilot two‐kidney porcine model
Authors: Silberstein Jonathan L. , Sprenkle Preston C. , Su Daniel , Power Nicholas E. , Tarin Tatum V. , Ezell Paula , Sjoberg Daniel D. , Feifer Andrew , Fleisher Martin , Russo Paul , Touijer Karim A. 
Published: March 2013

Objectives
To test a novel porcine two‐kidney model for evaluating the effect of controlled acute kidney injury (AKI) related to induced unilateral ischaemia on both renal units (RUs)
To use neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin (NGAL) and physiological serum and urinary markers to assess AKI and renal function.
Methods
Twelve female Yorkshire pigs had bilateral cutaneous ureterostomies placed laparoscopically with identical duration of pneumoperitoneum for all cases.
An experimental group (n = 9) underwent induced unilateral renal ischaemia with left hilar clamping of timed duration (15, 30, 60 min) and a control group (n = 3) had no induced renal ischaemia.
Urine was collected and analysed from each RU to assess creatinine and NGAL concentration preoperatively and at multiple postoperative time points. Serum was collected and analysed daily for creatinine and NGAL levels.
Statistical comparisons were made using the rank‐sum and sign‐rank tests.
Results
Three pigs were excluded because of intra‐operative and postoperative complications. In the RUs that experienced renal ischaemia (n = 7),the median urine volume was lower (P = 0.04) at 6, 12, 24 and 48 h and the median NGAL concentration was higher (P = 0.04) at 12 and 48 h compared with the RUs of control pigs that experienced no renal ischaemia (n = 2).
When comparing the ischaemic (left) RU of the pigs in the experimental group with their contralateral non‐ischaemic (right) RU, ischaemic RUs had a lower median cumulative urine volume at 6, 12, 24 and 48 h (P = 0.05) and a higher median NGAL concentration at 12, 24 and 48 h (P < 0.05). At 48 h, no significant increase was found in serum NGAL in pigs in the experimental group compared with controls (P = 0.2).
Creatinine clearance (CC) was lower in ischaemic RUs compared with non‐ischaemic RUs 1 day after surgery (P = 0.04) with decreasing CC as the duration of ischaemia increased.
Conclusions
We have developed a promising novel small‐scale pilot surgical model that allowed the evaluation of bilateral RU function separately during and after unilateral renal ischaemia.
The induction of unilateral renal ischaemia corresponds with physiological changes in both the ischaemic and contralateral RU.
AKI as measured by increases in NGAL and decreased renal function as measured by decreases in CC, are specific to the RU exposed to ischaemia.
Pathogenic roles of antiganglioside antibodies in immune‐mediated neuropathies
Authors: Kaida Kenichi 
Published: March 2013

AbstractRecent studies have shown that antiganglioside antibody‐mediated complement activation plays a key role in development of Guillain–Barré syndrome and related disorders. Additionally, complement‐independent nerve dysfunction is suggested by in vitro studies, showing that antiganglioside antibodies directly inhibit voltage‐gated Ca channel currents and change the integrity of lipid rafts. These pathogenic actions of antiganglioside antibodies might be governed by the avidity of the antibodies, which is influenced by specific localization of target gangliosides in the peripheral nervous system or glycolipid environment around the target antigens. The recent discovery of antibodies to ganglioside complexes has expedited the understanding of the mechanisms underlying antiganglioside antibody‐mediated nerve dysfunction in Guillain–Barré syndrome and related disorders. In chronic immune‐mediated neuropathy, some antiganglioside antibodies have also been identified as diagnostic markers, although their pathophysiological roles remain to be determined.
Immediate versus Conventional Loading of Post‐Extraction Implants in the Edentulous Jaws
Authors: Testori Tiziano , Zuffetti Francesco , Capelli Matteo , Galli Fabio , Weinstein Roberto L. , Del Fabbro Massimo 
Published: March 2013

AbstractPurposeThis retrospective study deals with the issue of how to realize the transition from a failing dentition to an implant‐supported prosthesis. The main aim was to assess the reliability of immediate implant and immediate loading (IL) protocols in the edentulous jaws. A further aim was to investigate the role of patient‐related, implant‐related, and surgery‐related secondary variables in the occurrence of implant failure.Materials and MethodsPatients with at least a 4‐year post‐loading follow‐up undergoing the transition from a failing dentition to an implant‐supported prosthesis were retrospectively investigated. Primary variables of implant failure were immediate placement and IL. Secondary variables were categorized as demographic, anatomic, site, and prosthetically related. Cumulative survival rates (CSRs) were compared using the Kaplan‐Meier survival estimate method. Predictors of failure were included in a multivariate Cox regression model to evaluate the simultaneous effects of multiple covariates and control for correlated observation. Crestal bone loss was also measured at the delayed and the immediately loaded implants.ResultsFive hundred nineteen implants rehabilitating 91 jaws in 80 patients were followed. The Kaplan‐Meier survival estimate method showed that immediate implant and IL decreased the CSR significantly in the maxilla but not in the mandible. Some secondary variables were found to affect the CSR: maxillary location, age over 70 years, prostheses supported by only immediate implants or a majority of them, temporary cementation, implant diameter, and length. Crestal bone loss was not significantly related to the outcomes.ConclusionsThe present data may provide clinical recommendations to the practitioner treating the transitional patient. In the mandible, the use of immediate implants and IL does not increase the failure rate. In the maxilla however, combining immediate placement and IL may significantly increase the failure rate.