bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance Enhancement of Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells with Direct Growth of CdS‐Cluster‐Decorated Graphene Nanosheets
Authors: Yuan Kai , Chen Lie , Tan Licheng , Chen Yiwang 
Published: April 2014

AbstractTwo‐dimensional graphene–CdS (G–CdS) semiconductor hybrid nanosheets were synthesized in situ by graphene oxide (GO) quantum wells and a metal–xanthate precursor through a one‐step growth process. Incorporation of G–CdS nanosheets into a photoactive film consisting of poly[4,8‐bis‐(2‐ethyl‐hexyl‐thiophene‐5‐yl)‐benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b]dithiophene‐2,6‐diyl]‐alt‐[2‐(2‐ethyl‐hexanoyl)‐thieno[3,4‐b]thiophen‐4,6‐diyl] (PBDTTT‐C‐T) and [6,6]‐phenyl C70 butyric acid methyl ester (PC70BM) effectively decreases the exciton lifetime to accelerate exciton dissociation. More importantly, the decreasing energy levels of PBDTTT‐C‐T, PC70BM, and G–CdS produces versatile heterojunction interfaces of PBDTTT‐C‐T:PC70BM, PBDTTT‐C‐T:G–CdS, and PBDTTT‐C‐T:PC70BM:G–CdS; this offers multi‐charge‐transfer channels for more efficient charge separation and transfer. The charge transfer in the blend film also depends on the G–CdS nanosheet loadings. In addition, G–CdS nanosheets improve light utilization and charge mobility in the photoactive layer. As a result, by incorporation of G–CdS nanosheets into the active layer, the power‐conversion efficiency of inverted solar cells based on PBDTTT‐C‐T and PC71BM is improved from 6.0 % for a reference device without G–CdS nanosheets to 7.5 % for the device with 1.5wt % G–CdS nanosheets, due to the dramatically enhanced short‐circuit current. Combined with the advantageous mechanical properties of the PBDTTT‐C‐T:PC70BM:G–CdS active layer, the novel CdS‐cluster‐decorated graphene hybrid nanomaterials provide a promising approach to improve the device performance.
Chiral Framework with 20‐Ring Channels Exhibiting Metal‐Activator‐Free Photoluminescence
Authors: Huang Hui‐Lin , Luo Zih‐Jie , Kuo Yu‐Chih , Wang Sue‐Lein 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe use of biomass‐derived sucrose has unprecedentedly induced the first chiral zinc phosphite structure with 20R channels along with a series of acentric frameworks, unveiling a facile synthesis of chiral nanoporous frameworks. The 20R‐channel structures are metal‐activator free but display blue‐to‐white photoluminescence under long UV excitation.
Efficient Engineering and Production Concepts for Products in Regulated Environments – Dream or Nightmare?
Authors: Strube Jochen , Ditz Reinhard , Fröhlich Holger , Köster Dirk , Grützner Thomas , Koch Jörg , Schütte Rüdiger 
Published: April 2014

AbstractManufacturing of chemical‐pharmaceutical products is moving increasingly fast on a global scale. Therefore, developing and starting up production facilities fast, with high quality, and at reasonable costs has become extremely challenging. Engineering concepts like modularization, standardization and simultaneous/parallel engineering are discussed as methods for speeding up process design and filing for regulatory approval. Transfer from batch to continuous operation mode of production is pointed out as the key‐issue in such strategies.
Process and Product Development of Electrodes for Lithium‐Ion Cells
Authors: Kaiser Jörg , Wenzel Valentin , Nirschl Hermann , Bitsch Boris , Willenbacher Norbert , Baunach Michael , Schmitt Marcel , Jaiser Stefan , Scharfer Philip , Schabel Wilhelm 
Published: April 2014

AbstractDie Elektromobilität und die Speicherung regenerativ erzeugter elektrischer Energie stellen hohe Anforderungen an die Leistung und Kosten von Li‐Ionen‐Zellen. Sie erfordern ein tiefgreifendes Verständnis über die Materialeigenschaften der Rohstoffe und die verfahrenstechnischen Prozesse zur Herstellung der Elektroden. Zahlreiche Parameter müssen in der Produktentwicklung und späteren Produktion gemessen und gesteuert werden, um gezielt spezifische Zelleigenschaften einzustellen und gleichzeitig das Verständnis für einen stabilen Fertigungsprozess zu etablieren.
Implementation of Organic Solvent Nanofiltration in Specialty Chemicals Production: Potential and Challenges
Authors: Zeidler Stefanie , Kätzel Uwe , Schmalz Dirk 
Published: April 2014

AbstractDie organophile Nanofiltration (OSN) ist ein vielversprechendes Werkzeug für die Prozessintensivierung. Bei der Produktion von Spezialchemikalien in einem Mehrproduktanlagen‐Umfeld werden besondere Anforderungen an Membranen und Anlagendesign gestellt, die hier näher erläutert werden. Das Fehlen von Erfahrungswissen und detaillierten Stofftransportmodellen erschwert die Prozessentwicklung der OSN. Aus systematischen Untersuchungen mit verschiedenen Membranen und Lösungsmitteln werden Regeln entwickelt, die die schnelle Identifizierung der geeignetsten Membran für ein gegebenes Stoffsystem ermöglichen.
Decomposition of 2‐Mercaptoethyl O‐Ester: SN2 Displacement or Acyl Transfer? A Theoretical Study
Authors: Zhang Shenshen , Qi Chenze , Wang Chen 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe mechanism for the decomposition of 2‐mercaptoethyl O‐ester was theoretically investigated. The mechanism that 2‐mercaptoethyl O‐ester undergoes an SN2 displacement of the O atom by the S atom on α‐C is much favored over the mechanism of N‐to‐S acyl transfer. The length of the alcohol moiety has large effects on the decomposition efficiency of thiol‐substituted alkyl O‐esters. The reactivities of these esters are controlled by distortion energies. Only 2‐mercaptoethyl O‐ester can undergo the decomposition at room temperature due to the low distortion energy to achieve the transition state geometry. If the thiol group of 2‐mercaptoethyl O‐ester is replaced by an amino group, the N‐to‐N acyl transfer mechanism is more favored than the SN2 displacement mechanism.
Manganese(III) Salen Complex Immobilized on Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles: The Efficient, Green and Reusable Nanocatalyst
Authors: Sadeghzadeh Seyed Mohsen , Daneshfar Faeze , Malekzadeh Maryam 
Published: April 2014

AbstractA new Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles supported manganese salen complex was successfully prepared by attaching manganese acetates to a novel N,N′‐bis(salicylidine)ethylenediamine ligand functionalized Fe3O4. The as‐prepared catalyst was characterized by TGA, XRD, FTIR, VSM, and TEM. It was found to be an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of benzopyranopyrimidines in aqueous medium. High catalytic activity and ease of recovery from the reaction mixture using external magnet, and several reuse times without significant losses in performance are additional eco‐friendly attributes of this catalytic system.
Guideline‐concordant cancer care and survival among American Indian/Alaskan Native patients
Authors: Javid Sara H. , Varghese Thomas K. , Morris Arden M. , Porter Michael P. , He Hao , Buchwald Dedra , Flum David R. ,   for the Collaborative to Improve Native Cancer Outcomes (CINCO)
Published: April 2014

BACKGROUNDAmerican Indians/Alaskan Natives (AI/ANs) have the worst 5‐year cancer survival of all racial/ethnic groups in the United States. Causes for this disparity are unknown. The authors of this report examined the receipt of cancer treatment among AI/AN patients compared with white patients.METHODSThis was a retrospective cohort study of 338,204 patients who were diagnosed at age ≥65 years with breast, colon, lung, or prostate cancer between 1996 and 2005 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results‐Medicare database. Nationally accepted guidelines for surgical and adjuvant therapy and surveillance were selected as metrics of optimal, guideline‐concordant care. Treatment analyses compared AI/ANs with matched whites.RESULTSAcross cancer types, AI/ANs were less likely to receive optimal cancer treatment and were less likely to undergo surgery (P ≤ .025 for all cancers). Adjuvant therapy rates were significantly lower for AI/AN patients with breast cancer (P < .001) and colon cancer (P = .001). Rates of post‐treatment surveillance also were lower among AI/ANs and were statistically significantly lower for AI/AN patients with breast cancer (P = .002) and prostate cancer (P < .001). Nonreceipt of optimal cancer treatment was associated with significantly worse survival across cancer types. Disease‐specific survival for those who did not undergo surgery was significantly lower for patients with breast cancer (hazard ratio [HR], 0.62), colon cancer (HR, 0.74), prostate cancer (HR, 0.52), and lung cancer (HR, 0.36). Survival rates also were significantly lower for those patients who did not receive adjuvant therapy for breast cancer (HR, 0.56), colon cancer (HR, 0.59), or prostate cancer (HR, 0.81; all 95% confidence intervals were <1.0).CONCLUSIONSFewer AI/AN patients than white patients received guideline‐concordant cancer treatment across the 4 most common cancers. Efforts to explain these differences are critical to improving cancer care and survival for AI/AN patients. Cancer 2014;120:2183–2190. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Making campus bridging work for researchers: Can campus bridging experts accelerate discovery?
Authors: Michael Scott , Thota Abhinav , Henschel Robert , Knepper Rich 
Published: April 2014

SUMMARYThe computational demands of an ever increasing number of scholars at universities and research institutions throughout the country are outgrowing the capacity of desktop workstations. Researchers are turning to high performance computing facilities, both on their campuses and at regional and national centers, to run simulations and analyze data. The Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE) is one of the first places researchers turn to when they outgrow their campus resources. XSEDE machines are far larger (by at least an order of magnitude) than what most universities offer. Transitioning from a campus resource to an XSEDE resource is seldom a trivial task. XSEDE has taken many steps to make this transition easier, including the campus bridging initiative, the Campus Champions program, and the Extended Collaborative Support Service program. In this paper, we present a new facet to the campus bridging initiative in the form of the campus bridging expert, an information technology professional dedicated to aid researchers in transitioning from desktop, to campus, to regional, and to national resources. We outline the current state of affairs and explore how campus bridging experts could provide maximal impact for minimal investment on the part of the organizing body. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Customer Satisfaction, Relationship Maintenance and Loyalty in the Shipping Industry
Authors: Shin Youngran , Thai Vinh V. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis paper aims to examine the impact of perceived corporate social responsibility (CSR), with a focus on ethical and environment questions related to the constructs of customer satisfaction (CS), relationship maintenance (RM) and customer loyalty (CL), on determining the attitudinal and behavioural loyalty and maintenance of customers in the shipping industry. For this purpose, this study enhances its empirical validity by collecting data from 214 respondents in South Korea and testing the hypothesis using structure equation modelling. It was found that (1) CSR is an effective relationship marketing tool that requires further research to investigate its benefits; (2) systemic investigation in CSR activities in the shipping industry finds publishing CSR reports the most preferred tool among major shipping companies; and (3) there is a strong empirical evidence which supports that values have a significant impact on the customers' perception of CSR performance. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Investigation of phantom circuit benefits for next generation xDSL systems
Authors: Lafata Pavel 
Published: April 2014

SummaryThis paper is focused on measurements and analysis of phantom mode benefits in G.fast and next generation xDSL systems. The investigation is based on real measurements performed for a multi‐quad metallic cable together with theoretical evaluations of phantom circuit potentials. Because the presence of phantom circuits leads into increasing the summary crosstalk level in a metallic cable, the application of a phantom mode is questionable in practice. That is why the investigation was performed, and conclusions provided in this paper can be helpful to decide potential benefits of this method for future applications. The elimination of a crosstalk can be performed by using advanced modulation techniques such as vectored discrete multi‐tone modulation (VDMT); however, its application in practice is limited because of its complexity and computational demands. That is why several scenarios are currently being discussed with either no VDMT application or with only partial crosstalk compensation. Because of that, this paper is focused on comparing the results for a first scenario without using any far‐end crosstalk (FEXT) elimination technique, whereas a second scenario is based on partial FEXT suppression by VDMT application, to decide the effectiveness of using phantom modes in practice. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rütteltisch‐Versuche an Gebäuden aus wärmedämmendem Ziegelmauerwerk
Authors: Jäger Andreas , Mendes Luis , Degée Hervé , Mordant Christophe , Lu Suikai 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIm Rahmen des Europäischen Forschungsprojekts SERIES (Seismic Engineering Research Infrastructures for European Synergies) wurden unter der Leitung von Wienerberger und in Zusammenarbeit mit einem internationalen Forscherteam Rütteltischversuche an Mauerwerksgebäuden aus mit Dämmstoff gefüllten Ziegeln durchgeführt.Das Verhalten von dämmstoffgefüllten Ziegeln unter seismischer Belastung wurde bis jetzt nur durch zyklische Schubversuche an einzelnen Wänden untersucht. Deshalb war das Ziel dieser Untersuchungen, das seismische Verhalten von unbewehrtem Mauerwerk aus diesen Ziegeln an realen Gebäuden im Maßstab 1:1 zu evaluieren. Es wurden zwei Gebäude mit unterschiedlicher Grundrissgeometrie errichtet und mit dem 3D‐Rütteltisch unterschiedlichen seismischen Belastungsstufen mit steigender Intensität ausgesetzt.In diesem Beitrag werden die wichtigsten experimentellen Ergebnisse zum Tragverhalten der Gebäude zusammengefasst. Der experimentelle Aufbau wird detailliert dargestellt und das dynamische Verhalten und die beobachteten Versagensmechanismen werden diskutiert. Aus den Versuchsergebnissen werden Verhaltensbeiwerte abgeleitet und Zwischenstockwerksverschiebungen in Abhängigkeit der seismischen Intensität ausgewertet. Der Artikel schließt mit einer Zusammenfassung und den daraus abgeleiteten wichtigsten Schlussfolgerungen.Shaking table tests on constructions built of thermal insulating clay block masonry. In the scope of the European research project SERIES (Seismic Engineering Research Infrastructures for European Synergies), shaking table tests on masonry constructions built with insulation filled clay blocks have been conducted under the lead of Wienerberger in cooperation with an international research team.The behavior of insulation filled blocks under seismic action has been tested so far only via cyclic shear tests on single walls. The goal of these investigations was to assess the seismic behavior of unreinforced masonry built with such clay blocks on real scale buildings. For this purpose, two full‐scale mock‐ups with different geometries were erected and tested on the 3D shaking table using a series of seismic records with increasing intensity.In this paper, the most relevant experimental results of the load bearing behavior of the mock‐ups are summarized. The experimental setup is presented in detail and the dynamic behavior and the observed failure modes are discussed. Behavior factors are evaluated from the experimental results and interstory drift values are computed in relation to the seismic intensity. The paper closes with a summary and the most important conclusions.
Zur Planung, Ausführung und Leistungsfähigkeit des Außenwand‐Decken‐Knotens von monolithischem Ziegelmauerwerk
Authors: Kranzler Thomas 
Published: April 2014

AbstractMit zunehmenden Wärmeschutzanforderungen gehen stets auch erhöhte Anforderungen an die Außenwände von Gebäuden einher. Bei monolithischen Außenwänden, also Außenwänden aus hochwärmedämmenden Mauerziegeln, die keine Zusatzdämmung z. B. in Form von Wärmedämmverbundsystemen (WDVS) benötigen, ist eine sorgfältige Planung und Ausführung des Details “Außenwand‐Decken‐Knoten“ daher von immer größerer Bedeutung. Neben den Aspekten des Wärme‐ und Feuchteschutzes muss dieses Detail gleichzeitig auch den Anforderungen resultierend aus Statik, Brand‐ und Schallschutz genügen. Da die separate Berücksichtigung der einzelnen Teilaspekte mitunter jedoch zu diametral entgegen stehenden Ausführungsvarianten des Details “Außenwand‐Decken‐Knoten“ führen würde, gilt es, eine Ausführungsvariante zu finden, die alle an das Detail gestellten Anforderungen bestmöglich erfüllt. Im folgenden Beitrag wird ein Vorschlag für die “ideale“ Ausführung des Details “Außenwand‐Decken‐Knoten“ unter Berücksichtigung der bauphysikalischen, statischen und konstruktiven Belange vorgestellt.Design, construction and performance of the wall‐slab‐junction of monolithic external masonry walls made with thermal‐insulating clay blocks. Monolithic external walls are external walls made with high‐insulating clay blocks which do not require an additional external thermal insulation composite system (ETICS). For the planning, the design and the execution of these walls, the respective wall‐slab‐junction is of particular interest, because single aspects of building physics and the requirements in terms of design would lead to diametrically opposing variants of the detail “wall‐slab‐junction”. In this paper, a proposal for an optimized execution of this detail will be submitted, taking into account all relevant aspects. Its performance will be presented.
Ausführung und bauphysikalische Belange von zweischaligen Haustrennwänden
Authors: Gierga Michael , Schneiderhan Tobias 
Published: April 2014

AbstractDie Ausführung zweischaliger Haustrennwände ist seit vielen Jahren Stand der Technik. Dennoch können bei Mauerwerkswänden immer wieder Mängel festgestellt werden, welche die Schalldämmung, den Wärme‐ und Feuchteschutz und deren Gebrauchstauglichkeit einschränken. Dabei ist eine solide Ausführung auf Basis einfacher Planungsregeln ohne weiteres möglich. Dieser Beitrag stellt die erforderlichen Maßnahmen im Zusammenhang mit den unterschiedlichen bauphysikalischen Anforderungsdisziplinen dar und hilft Mängel zu vermeiden.Design and building physics issues of double partition walls. The execution of double partition walls has long been state of the art. However, defects can be detected in masonry walls over and over again that restrict the sound reduction, heat and humidity protection and their usability. Here, a solid design based on simple planning rules is readily possible. This article presents the necessary measures in connection with the different building physics requirement disciplines and helps to avoid defects.
Effect of eplerenone in percutaneous coronary intervention‐treated post‐myocardial infarction patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction: a subanalysis of theEPHESUStrial
Authors: Iqbal Javaid , Fay Renaud , Adlam David , Squire Iain , Parviz Yasir , Gunn Julian , Pitt Bertram , Zannad Faiez 
Published: April 2014

AimsEPHESUSwas a multicentre, double‐blind clinical trial in which 6632 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) complicated byLVsystolic dysfunction (LVSD) were randomized to receive eplerenone (n= 3319) or placebo (n= 3313). A total of 1580EPHESUSpatients were treated withPCI, which is now the standard treatment forAMI. ThisEPHESUSsubstudy examined the effects of eplerenone upon cardiovascular outcomes inPCI‐treated patients.Methods and resultsEPHESUSpatients were divided intoPCI‐treated and non‐PCI‐treated cohorts, and the effect of eplerenone upon mortality and other major adverse cardiovascular outcomes was assessed in each cohort. ThePCI‐treated patients (n= 1580) were younger, and had better renal function and fewer co‐morbidities than non‐PCI‐treated patients (n= 5052). Cardiovascular mortality was significantly lower inPCI‐treated patients as compared with non‐PCI‐treated patients (7% vs. 16%,P< 0.0001). However, the incidence of non‐fatal events was similar inPCI‐treated and non‐PCI‐treated cohorts. There was no statistical difference between thePCI‐treated and non‐PCI‐treated cohorts in the primary or secondary outcomes of the trial. Eplerenone administration, compared with placebo, in thePCI‐treated cohort did not affectPCI‐related clinical outcomes, including recurrence of angina, the occurrence of acute coronary syndromes, or the need for further revascularization.ConclusionsThe beneficial effects of eplerenone in theEPHESUStrial exist for bothPCI‐ and non‐PCI‐treatedAMIpatients withLVSD. Eplerenone has minimal, if any, effect upon reducingPCI‐related adverse events in thePCI‐treated cohort.
Attachment of Chelating Ligand Pockets to Tinorganyl Moieties
Authors: Barth Beatrix E. K. , Harms Klaus , Dehnen Stefanie 
Published: April 2014

AbstractSeveral approaches have been undertaken to realize the synthesis of a new tinorganyl compound with a 2,2′,6′,2″‐terpyridine moiety. A synthesis pathway consisting of five steps with an overall yield of 51 % was successful in producing Ph3Sn(CH2)3OPhttpy [HOttpy = 2,6‐bis(2′‐pyridyl)‐4′‐(p‐hydroxyphenyl)pyridine], and insight has been gained into (partial) halogenation reactions with this unprecedented tinorganyl compound. Halogenation with hydroiodic acid produced a new dinuclear complex cation that resulted from head‐to‐tail coordination of two monocations. Furthermore, synthesis and yields of already known intermediates have been optimized. The products were analyzed and identified by 119Sn NMR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopy and ESI mass spectrometry, as well as by means of single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction.
The Synthesis, Structures and Polymorphism of the Dimeric Trivalent Rare‐Earth 3,5‐Dimethylpyrazolate Complexes [Ln(Me2pz)3(thf)]2
Authors: Deacon Glen B. , Harika Rita , Junk Peter C. , Skelton Brian W. , Werner Daniel , White Allan H. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractA variety of rare‐earth 3,5‐dimethylpyrazolate (Me2pz) complexes have been synthesised by (i) the direct reaction of Hg‐activated metal with Me2pzH as a pro‐ligand at elevated temperatures, (ii) by redox transmetalation/protolysis with the lanthanoid element, Hg(C6F5)2, and Me2pzH, and (iii) by protolysis of tris[bis(trimethylsilyl)amido]cerium(III) with Me2pzH. Each product, upon crystallisation from tetrahydrofuran (thf), formed a dimeric complex, [Ln(Me2pz)3(thf)]2 (Ln = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Ho, Yb, or Lu). Despite the common formulation, two completely different structures were observed in two distinct crystallographic “domains of existence”, together presumptively spanning the gamut of Ln and Y. For the larger rare‐earth ions (La–Pr), there are two terminal η2‐Me2pz ligands and one thf donor on each Ln atom, with the metal atoms being linked by a pair of bridging pyrazolate ligands of an uncommon type (η2:η5), resulting in formal ten‐coordination. A Me2pzH complex [Ce(Me2pz)3(Me2pzH)], although not isomorphous, has a similar structure. For the smaller rare‐earth elements (Nd–Lu), the bridging is entirely different, with two μ‐κ1(N):κ1(N) pyrazolate and two unusual bridging thf ligands. Each Ln atom also has two chelating Me2pz ligands, resulting in formal eight‐coordination. Crystallisation of [Nd(Me2pz)3(thf)]2 from pyridine yields monomeric, nine‐coordinate [Nd(Me2pz)3(pyridine)3] with only chelating Me2pz ligands.