bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shaping Public Opinion on Nuclear Power
Authors: Xu Shenjun , Xu Jing , Sun Jing , Qiu Li , Wang Ru , Zhao Bin 
Published: February 2014

After the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster, the public acceptance of nuclear power has dwindled to historical low. Governments were forced to cancel and postpone new projects or even shut down reactors in operation due to an increased anti-nuclear sentiment. This paper aims to provide an international perspective of how various factors can affect public opinion of nuclear power.
In this paper, we rebut the previous-held argument that nuclear education is conducive to the public support of nuclear power. It is found that the relationship between educational efforts and public support is captured by a downward-sloping line. The paper then assesses the effect on the public acceptance of demographics, socioeconomic status, political environment and risk orientation using correlation coefficients table. The largest public concern comes from the insecurity of nuclear power plants and radioactive materials. The health of an economy also plays a major role in determining people’s attitude toward building new nuclear power plants.
The paper also suggests some solutions for each category of countries based on the research analysis.
Investigation of Characteristic-Temperature Approaches for Heat-Transfer Correlations at Supercritical Conditions
Authors: Mokry Sarah , Pioro Igor 
Published: February 2014

It is expected that the next generation of water-cooled nuclear reactors will operate at supercritical pressures (∼25 MPa) and high coolant temperatures (350–625°C). In support of the development of SuperCritical Water-cooled Reactors (SCWRs), research is currently being conducted for heat-transfer at supercritical conditions. Currently, there are no experimental datasets for heat transfer from power reactor fuel bundles to the fuel coolant (water) available in open literature. Therefore, for preliminary calculations, heat-transfer correlations obtained with bare-tube data can be used as a conservative approach.
A number of empirical generalized correlations, based on experimentally obtained datasets, have been proposed to calculate Heat Transfer Coefficients (HTCs) in forced convective heat transfer for various fluids, including water, at supercritical pressures. These bare-tube-based correlations are available in various literature sources. There have been a number of methods applied to correlate heat transfer data. The most conventional approach, which accounts for property variations in the data, is to modify the classical Dittus-Boelter equation for forced convection. However, analysis and comparison of these correlations has shown that differences in HTC values can be up to several hundred percent.
In general, the familiar correlations of Dittus-Boelter and Bishop et al. have used the bulk-fluid temperature approach for characteristic temperature properties evaluations. However, at high heat fluxes, fluid near the tube-wall will have a temperature close to that of the wall temperature. This might be significantly different from the bulk-fluid temperature. Therefore, another approach can be used based on the wall temperature as the characteristic temperature. The Swenson et al. correlation is based upon this approach. Finally, a third approach has been considered in which the film-temperature is used as the characteristic temperature (Tf = (Tw+Tb) / 2). McAdams et al. based their correlation for annuli on this approach.
Therefore, the objective of this paper is to evaluate the three characteristic temperature approaches, (1) Bulk-fluid temperature approach; (2) Wall-temperature approach; and (3) Film-temperature approach, and determine which characteristic temperature method can most accurately predict supercritical water heat transfer coefficients. Both classical correlations and more recently developed correlations are considered in this investigation.
Introduction to KEPIC (Korea Electric Power Industry Code)
Authors: Sohn Myoung-Sung , Joo Hyun-Jae , Byun Hoon-Seok , Kim Jong-Hae 
Published: February 2014

Korea Electric Power Industry Code (KEPIC) has been developed on the basis of referring to the prevailing U.S. codes and standards which had been applied to the electric power facilities in Korea.
KEPIC has been applied to the construction of Ulchin Nuclear Units 5&6 since 1997 as per the endorsement of Ministry of Science and Technology, and is being completely applied to the construction of Shin-Kori and Shin-Wolsung Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) in Korea and of Barakah NPPs in UAE.
Although the technical requirements of KEPIC related to design and inspections for pressure vessels have been developed on the basis of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (BPVC), Korea Electric Association (KEA) that is KEPIC maintenance organization is trying to find and improve unreasonable requirements based on the acquired experiences for the continuous construction and operation of NPPs.
In the administrative requirements, KEPIC, unlike ASME, adopted not only mechanical field but also electrical field related to NPPs. Furthermore, the qualifying system for services such as Nondestructive Examination, Heat Treatment, Design and Equipment Qualification Organization was adopted to improve safety and reliability for NPPs.
In the technical and administrative requirements, KEA has been performing betterment studies such as ‘integration of welding coordinator in welding quality system of KEPIC’, ‘induction of Korean national standards (KS) materials equivalent to ASME/ASTM materials into KEPIC-MH codes’. The result of study for development of Steel-plate Concrete (SC) structure and modularization technique for NPPs has been adopted to 2010 edition of KEPIC-SNG.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of H2-Air Deflagration in the Presence of Concentration Gradients
Authors: Kudriakov S. , Studer E. , Kuznetsov M. , Grune J. 
Published: February 2014

A set of experiments performed at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) in the framework of the LACOMECO European project is devoted to flame propagation in an obstructed large scale facility A3 (of 8 m height and 33 m3 volume) with initially vertical hydrogen concentration gradients. Almost linear positive and negative (relative to gravity) concentration gradients are created prior to ignition in the range from 4% to 13%, and the process of flame acceleration is investigated depending on hydrogen concentration gradient and ignition positions.
In this paper we describe the A3 facility and analyse the experimental data obtained during the project. The results of numerical simulation performed using Europlexus code are presented together with the critical discussions and conclusions.
CNSC Review of Safety Improvements: CANDU Fuel Modification in Canada
Authors: Guo Yujun 
Published: February 2014

Aging of a CANDU nuclear power plant affects various safety margins of the plant. Margin to fuel sheath dryout is one of the safety margins that have been detrimentally affected, leading to a reduced margin to dryout with time. If no proactive actions are taken, the plant will have to de-rate its operation at an earlier time. To postpone the de-rating, the Canadian nuclear Industry has taken multi-initiatives to restore, or partially restore the safety margins that have been eroded due to plant aging. One of the initiatives is modification/re-optimization of the current fuel design, in order to improve the fuel thermalhydraulic performance, i.e., to suppress fuel sheath dryout, whereby offset partially the erosion of margin to fuel sheath dryout.
In response to the initiative of fuel bundle modification, the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission (CNSC) — the nuclear safety regulator — has set clear requirements and expectations and followed rigours processes and procedures for reviewing and licensing the modified fuel. This paper summarizes the fuel modification program in Canada, and the CNSC requirements, expectations, and review processes associated with licensing review of fuel modifications in Canada.
The European Utility Requirements (EUR): A Great Achievement and Still on its Way
Authors: de Fraguier Eric , Guelfi Antoine , Vanhoenacker Luc , Rousselot Olivier , Béolet Michel , Bellens Valérie 
Published: February 2014

Twenty years ago, a small group of representatives of European electricity producers involved in nuclear generation set up a light structure called the European Utility Requirements organisation. Its long-term objective was to foster the development of competition in the European nuclear industry through writing common design requirements for the new plants. The stabilised version of the specifications (the Revision C) was released in 2001 and since that time it has been extensively used by the utilities that were preparing bids as well as by the vendors that were developing new projects. The EUR has become a reference document, well beyond the initial circle of European utilities that promoted it.
Today, the first challenge for the EUR organisation is to promote the issue of revision D of the document (October 2012). Ten years after the last revision, many technological advances and requirements needed to be revised in the effort to keep utilities’ requirements at the highest level. Their role in design of future plants is essential more than ever in the quest for maximum standardisation, itself necessary to maintain the competitiveness of nuclear power in Europe.
The second challenge is to take into account the effects of the Fukushima accident. The EUR organisation must not only continue working on the technical impacts as the feedback will be worked out and their integration into the EUR requirements; but it has also to focus on reactions to the disaster among all stakeholders around the world. And support harmonisation processes broadly, in this respect. This is one way to contribute to better acceptance of nuclear energy, while the control of greenhouse gas emissions remains a major global challenge.
The third challenge for the future of the EUR organisation lies in strengthening of the links and incorporating the views of its members, particularly through collaborative workgroups, so that the Nuclear Option remains open in future decisions to build new power plants wherever accepted. This will involve the organisation in further enhancing its role as a privileged interface for discussions between utilities, vendors and European regulators.
For twenty years the EUR organisation and its members have been able to work together and develop a common vision of the pace of political and economic consolidation of Europe and its enlargement to the East. The pioneers of the approach have been joined by a new generation of contributors. New members have brought their expertise to the organisation. Recently, others have put their participation in standby according to the evolution of their respective nuclear national policy. EUR keeps the way open for future and is proud of being part of nuclear stakeholders promoting standardisation and high quality requirements recognised by the Industry for future new Generation 3 plants.
Effect of Different Simulated Altitudes on Repeat-Sprint Performance in Team-Sport Athletes
Authors: Goods Paul S.R. , Dawson Brian T. , Landers Grant J. , Gore Christopher J. , Peeling Peter 
Published: February 2014

Purpose:This study aimed to assess the impact of 3 heights of simulated altitude exposure on repeat-sprint performance in teamsport athletes.Methods:Ten trained male team-sport athletes completed 3 sets of repeated sprints (9 × 4 s) on a nonmotorized treadmill at sea level and at simulated altitudes of 2000, 3000, and 4000 m. Participants completed 4 trials in a random order over 4 wk, with mean power output (MPO), peak power output (PPO), blood lactate concentration (Bla), and oxygen saturation (SaO2) recorded after each set.Results:Each increase in simulated altitude corresponded with a significant decrease in SaO2. Total work across all sets was highest at sea level and correspondingly lower at each successive altitude (P < .05; sea level < 2000 m < 3000 m < 4000 m). In the first set, MPO was reduced only at 4000 m, but for subsequent sets, decreases in MPO were observed at all altitudes (P < .05; 2000 m < 3000 m < 4000 m). PPO was maintained in all sets except for set 3 at 4000 m (P < .05; vs sea level and 2000 m). BLa levels were highest at 4000 m and significantly greater (P < .05) than at sea level after all sets.Conclusions:These results suggest that “higher may not be better,” as a simulated altitude of 4000 m may potentially blunt absolute training quality. Therefore, it is recommended that a moderate simulated altitude (2000–3000 m) be employed when implementing intermittent hypoxic repeat-sprint training for team-sport athletes.
Draft Genome Sequence of Textile Azo Dye-Decolorizing and -Degrading Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strain PFK10, Isolated from the Common Effluent Treatment Plant of the Ankleshwar Industrial Area of Gujarat, India
Authors: Faldu P. R. , Kothari V. V. , Kothari C. R. , Rawal C. M. , Domadia K. K. , Patel P. A. , Bhimani H. D. , Raval V. H. , Parmar N. R. , Nathani N. M. , Koringa P. G. , Joshi C. G. , Kothari R. K. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT

Here, we report the draft genome sequence of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
strain PFK10, isolated from the common effluent treatment plant (CETP) of the Ankleshwar industrial area of Gujarat, India. The 6.04-Mb draft genome sequence of strain PFK10 provides information about the genes encoding enzymes that enable the strain to decolorize and degrade textile azo dye.
Draft Genome Sequence of Enterococcus faecium PC4.1, a Clade B Strain Isolated from Human Feces
Authors: Ó Cuív Páraic , Klaassens Eline S. , Smith Wendy J. , Mondot Stanislas , Durkin A. Scott , Harkins Derek M. , Foster Les , McCorrison Jamison , Torralba Manolito , Nelson Karen E. , Morrison Mark 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT

Enterococcus faecium
is commonly isolated from the human gastrointestinal tract; however, important intraspecies variations exist with relevance for host health and well-being. Here, we describe the draft genome sequence of
E. faecium
PC4.1, a clade B strain isolated from human feces.
Draft Genome Sequence of Syntrophorhabdus aromaticivorans Strain UI, a Mesophilic Aromatic Compound-Degrading Syntroph
Authors: Nobu Masaru K. , Narihiro Takashi , Tamaki Hideyuki , Qiu Yan-Ling , Sekiguchi Yuji , Woyke Tanja , Goodwin Lynne , Davenport Karen W. , Kamagata Yoichi , Liu Wen-Tso 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT

Syntrophorhabdus aromaticivorans
strain UI is a mesophilic bacterium capable of degrading aromatic substrates in syntrophic cooperation with a partner methanogen. The draft genome sequence is 3.7 Mb, with a G+C content of 52.0%.
Complete Genome Sequence of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa Bacteriophage phiIBB-PAA2
Authors: Pires Diana P. , Kropinski Andrew M. , Azeredo Joana , Sillankorva Sanna 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
phage phiIBB-PAA2 is a broad-host-range virus isolated from raw hospital sewage (Porto, Portugal). This phage has a terminally redundant (183 bp), 45,344-bp double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genome encoding 66 coding sequences (CDSs) and 3 tRNAs. It belongs to the family
Podoviridae
and the genus
Luz24likevirus
.
Complete Genome Sequence of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Serotype O Isolated from Bangladesh
Authors: Sultana Munawar , Siddique Mohammad Anwar , Momtaz Samina , Rahman Arafat , Ullah Huzzat , Nandi Shuvro Prokash , Hossain M. Anwar 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly infectious enzootic disease caused by FMD virus. The complete genome sequence of a circulatory FMD virus (FMDV) serotype O isolated from Natore, Bangladesh, is reported here. Genomic analysis revealed antigenic heterogeneity within the VP1 region, a fragment deletion, and insertions at the 5′ untranslated region (UTR) and 3A region compared to the genome of the available vaccine strain.
Fever of unknown origin in a patient with red ears: relapsing polychondritis
Authors: Avila Juliana Nunes , Carvalho Susana Bonacho , Tavares Graça , Garcia Ruben 
Published: February 2014

Relapsing polychondritis (RP) is a rare autoimmune disease that affects cartilage and multiple organ system. We describe a case of RP presenting with fever, conjunctivitis and inflammatory signs of the right knee. Infectious and neoplastic diseases were excluded by imaging and laboratory examinations. After 17 days of admission the patient reported coughing and odynophagia, and, a physical examination showed red ears. Otorhinolaryngological examination demonstrated arytenoid chondritis. RP was diagnosed based on four McAdam’s criteria. The patient was medicated with oral prednisone, and a positive clinical response was noted. Severe disease may require high doses of corticosteroids or immunosuppressive agents and the biological treatment may be beneficial. Beginning manifestations, such as fever, are often unspecific, leading to RP misdiagnosis. In this case, close attention to the patient’s clinical history and a detailed physical examination were fundamental in concluding the correct diagnosis, and consequently beginning the appropriate medication.
Socioeconomically disadvantaged smokers’ ratings of plain and branded cigarette packaging: an experimental study
Authors: Guillaumier Ashleigh , Bonevski Billie , Paul Chris , Durkin Sarah , D'Este Catherine 
Published: February 2014

ObjectivesThis study aimed to test the potential impact of plain packaging for cigarettes on brand appeal among highly socioeconomically disadvantaged smokers using the new design for cigarettes implemented in Australia, which combines plain packaging with larger health warning labels.DesignA 2×2 factorial design trial embedded within a cross-sectional computer touchscreen survey. Data were collected between March and December 2012.SettingSocially disadvantaged welfare aid recipients were recruited through a large Social and Community Service Organisation in New South Wales, Australia.ParticipantsN=354 smokers. The majority of the sample had not completed high school (64%), earned less than $A300/week (55%) and received their income from Government payments (95%).InterventionsParticipants were randomised to one of the four different pack conditions determined by brand name: Winfield versus Benson & Hedges, and packaging type: branded versus plain. Participants were required to rate their assigned pack on measures of brand appeal and purchase intentions.ResultsPlain packaging was associated with significantly reduced smoker ratings of ‘positive pack characteristics’ (p<0.001), ‘positive smoker characteristics’ (p=0.003) and ‘positive taste characteristics’ (p=0.033) in the Winfield brand name condition only. Across the four pack conditions, no main differences were found for ‘negative smoker characteristics’ (p=0.427) or ‘negative harm characteristics’ (p=0.411). In comparison to plain packaging, the presentation of branded packaging was associated with higher odds of smokers’ purchase intentions (OR=2.18, 95% CI 1.34 to 3.54; p=0.002).ConclusionsPlain packs stripped of branding elements, featuring larger health warning labels, were associated with reduced positive cigarette brand image and purchase intentions among highly socioeconomically disadvantaged smokers.
Social support for South Asian Muslim parents with life-limiting illness living in Scotland: a multiperspective qualitative study
Authors: Gaveras Eleni Margareta , Kristiansen Maria , Worth Allison , Irshad Tasneem , Sheikh Aziz 
Published: February 2014

ObjectiveTo explore experiences of social support needs among South Asian Muslim patients with life-limiting illness, living in Scotland, who are parents of young children.DesignSecondary analysis of data from a multiperspective, longitudinal Scottish study involving in-depth semistructured interviews with patients, their nominated carers and healthcare professionals. Data were analysed using interpretive phenomenological analysis.SettingEdinburgh, Scotland.ParticipantsSouth-Asian Muslim patients with life-limiting illness with children under the age of 18 (n=8), their carer (n=6) and their healthcare professional.Main outcome measuresAccess and provision of social support in palliative care.ResultsOpen-ended qualitative interviews identified four main themes: (1) parental sadness over being unable to provide tangible support; (2) parental desire to continue to provide emotional support; (3) limited availability of informal social support networks; and (4) differing perspectives between healthcare professionals and patients on patient access to social support sources, with a subtheme being the capacity of male carers to provide social support.South-Asian parents at the end of life had limited access to extended-network support. Gender roles appeared as challenging for healthcare providers who at times overestimated the amount of support a female carer could provide and underestimated the amount of support male carers provided. Implications for practice include the need for greater awareness by healthcare providers of the social support needs of ethnic minority and migrant parents with life-limiting illnesses and especially an awareness of the importance of the role of male and female carers. Further research is needed to explore how the timing of migration impacts the need for and availability of tangible and emotional informal social support among ethnic minority parents with life-limiting illness.
UK doctors’ views on the implementation of the European Working Time Directive as applied to medical practice: a quantitative analysis
Authors: Maisonneuve Jenny J , Lambert Trevor W , Goldacre Michael J 
Published: February 2014

ObjectivesTo report on doctors’ views, from all specialty backgrounds, about the European Working Time Directive (EWTD) and its impact on the National Health Service (NHS), senior doctors and junior doctors.DesignAll medical school graduates from 1999 to 2000 were surveyed by post and email in 2012.SettingThe UK.MethodsAmong other questions, in a multipurpose survey on medical careers and career intentions, doctors were asked to respond to three statements about the EWTD on a five-point scale (from strongly agree to strongly disagree): ‘The implementation of the EWTD has benefited the NHS’, ‘The implementation of the EWTD has benefited senior doctors’ and ‘The implementation of the EWTD has benefited junior doctors’.ResultsThe response rate was 54.4% overall (4486/8252), 55.8% (2256/4042) of the 1999 cohort and 53% (2230/4210) of the 2000 cohort. 54.1% (2427) of all respondents were women. Only 12% (498/4136 doctors) agreed that the EWTD has benefited the NHS, 9% (377) that it has benefited senior doctors and 31% (1289) that it has benefited junior doctors. Doctors’ views on EWTD differed significantly by specialty groups: ‘craft’ specialties such as surgery, requiring extensive experience in performing operations, were particularly critical.ConclusionsThese cohorts have experience of working in the NHS before and after the implementation of EWTD. Their lack of support for the EWTD 4 years after its implementation should be a concern. However, it is unclear whether problems rest with the current ceiling on hours worked or with the ways in which EWTD has been implemented.