bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Engagement With Stop Smoking Services After Referral or Signposting: A Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: Pope Ian , Rashid Simrun , Iqbal Hassan , Belderson Pippa , Ward Emma , Clark Lucy , Conway Tom , Stirling Susan , Clark Allan , Agrawal Sanjay , Bauld Linda , Notley Caitlin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Screening for smoking when people interact with healthcare services and referral of those who smoke to stop smoking services (SSSs) is a key component of efforts to tackle tobacco use. However, little is known about what happens after someone is referred or signposted to SSSs.

Methods
As part of the Cessation of Smoking Trial in the Emergency Department (NCT04854616), those randomized to intervention (n = 505) were referred to local SSSs (along with receiving brief advice and an e-cigarette starter kit) and those randomized to control (n = 502) were given contact details for the same services (signposted). SSS engagement data were collected: (1) directly from participants and (2) from SSS, additional qualitative data came from 33 participant interviews.

Results
Engagement with SSSs was very low. 3.2% (n = 16) of those in the intervention group and 2.4% (n = 12) in the control group reported attending a one-to-one support session. From SSS data, engagement was also low with 8.9% (n = 43) of those referred engaging and 3.1% (n = 15) going on to quit with SSS support. The majority of the 24 intervention participants interviewed did not recall being contacted by an SSS.

Conclusions
Referral or signposting to SSSs within an Emergency Department-based trial resulted in very low levels of engagement. Barriers to engagement identified included participants not being contacted by SSSs and the support offered not meeting their needs.

Implications
Referral or signposting of those who smoke to SSSs from the Emergency Department resulted in low rates of engagement in this large multicenter randomized controlled trial. To better support those who smoke, it may be more effective for smoking cessation advice to be offered “in the moment” within clinical settings, and follow-up to be proactively offered rather than relying on people being motivated to contact the services themselves or engaging when contacted.
Utility of Serial Microbial Cell-free DNA Sequencing for Inpatient and Outpatient Pathogen Surveillance Among Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients
Authors: Fung Monica , Patel Nimish , DeVoe Catherine , Ryan Caitlin N , McAdams Staci , Pamula Meenakshi , Dwivedi Aditya , Teraoka Justin , Smollin Matthew , Sam Srey , Perkins Bradley , Chin-Hong Peter 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
This study characterizes the clinical utility and validity of the Karius test (KT), a plasma microbial cell-free DNA sequencing platform, as an infection surveillance tool among hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HCT) recipients, including monitoring for cytomegalovirus (CMV) and detecting infections relative to standard microbiologic testing (SMT).

Methods
A prospective, observational cohort study was performed among adult HCT recipients as inpatients and outpatients. Serial KTs were performed starting with 1 sample within 14 days before HCT, then weekly from 7–63 days posttransplant then monthly from 3–12 months post-HCT. Diagnostic performance of KT versus CMV polymerase chain reaction was evaluated with positive percent agreement and negative percent agreement. Infectious events (&lt;12 months post-HCT) were extracted from medical records. For infectious events without positive SMT, 2 clinicians adjudicated KT results to determine if any detections were a probable cause. Difference in time from KT pathogen detection and infection onset was calculated.

Results
Of the 70 participants, mean age was 49.9 years. For CMV surveillance, positive percent agreement was 100% and negative percent agreement was 90%. There was strong correlation between CMV DNA and KT molecules per microliter (r2: 0.84, P &lt; .001). Of the 32 SMT+/KT+ infectious events, KT identified 26 earlier than SMT (median: −12 days) and an additional 5 diagnostically difficult pathogens identified by KT but not SMT.

Conclusions
KT detected CMV with high accuracy and correlation with quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Among infectious events, KT demonstrated additive clinical utility by detecting pathogens earlier than SMT and those not detected by SMT.
Low Prevalence of Nirmatrelvir-Ritonavir Resistance-Associated Mutations in SARS-CoV-2 Lineages From Botswana
Authors: Choga Wonderful T , Bareng Ontlametse T , Moraka Natasha O , Maruapula Dorcas , Gobe Irene , Ndlovu Nokuthula S , Zuze Boitumelo J L , Motshosi Patience C , Seru Kedumetse B , Matsuru Teko , Boitswarelo Matshwenyego , Matshaba Mogomotsi , Gaolathe Tendani , Mosepele Mosepele , Makhema Joseph , Tamura Trevor J M , Li Jonathan Z , Shapiro Roger , Lockman Shahin , Gaseitsiwe Simani , Moyo Sikhulile 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
We evaluated naturally occurring nirmatrelvir-ritonavir (NTV/r) resistance-associated mutations (RAMs) among severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) strains from Botswana, a country with no NTV/r use to date, in order to recommend the usage of the agent for high-risk patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Methods
We conducted a retrospective analysis using 5254 complete SARS-CoV-2 sequences from Botswana (September 2020–September 2023). We evaluated the mutational landscape of SARS-CoV-2 3-Chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro) relative to the highlighted list of RAMs granted Food and Drug Administration Emergency Use Authorization in 2023.

Results
The sequenced 5254 samples included Beta variants of concerns (VOCs; n = 323), Delta VOCs (n = 1314), and Omicron VOCs (n = 3354). Overall, 77.8% of the sequences exhibited at least 1 polymorphism within 76/306 amino acid positions in the nsp5 gene. NTV/rRAMs were identified in 34/5254 (0.65%; 95% CI, 0.43%–0.87%) and occurred at 5 distinct positions. Among the NTV/r RAMS detected, A191V was the most prevalent (24/34; 70.6%). Notably, T21I mutation had a prevalence of 20.6% (7/34) and coexisted with either K90R (n = 3) polymorphism in Beta sequences with RAMs or P132H (n = 3) polymorphism for Omicron sequences with RAMs. Other NTV/r RAMs detected included P108S, with a prevalence of 5.88% (2/34), and L50F, with a prevalence of 2.94% (1/34). NTV/r RAMs were significantly higher (P &lt; .001) in Delta (24/35) compared with Beta (4/34) and Omicron (6/34) sequences.

Conclusions
The frequency of NTV/r RAMs in Botswana was low. Higher rates were observed in Delta VOCs compared to Omicron and Beta VOCs. As NTV/r use expands globally, continuous surveillance for drug-resistant variants is essential, given the RAMs identified in our study.
Ceftriaxone Versus Cefazolin Susceptibility as a Surrogate Marker for Cefpodoxime Susceptibility in Enterobacterales
Authors: Lambert Kaitlyn V , Demkowicz Ryan , Murray Amanda , Howard Catessa , Slain Douglas 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute stated that cefpodoxime susceptibility among Enterobacterales can be inferred from cefazolin, but this may overcall cefpodoxime resistance. We report a categorical agreement rate of 64% for cefazolin and 97% for ceftriaxone with cefpodoxime (P = .0001). Ceftriaxone appears to be a more useful cefpodoxime surrogate.
ATBS1-INTERACTING FACTOR 2 Positively Regulates Freezing Tolerance via INDUCER OF CBF EXPRESSION 1/C-REPEAT BINDING FACTOR-Induced Cold Acclimation Pathway
Authors: Kim Yoon , Kim Sun-Ho , Lim Jun , Kim Soo-Hwan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The INDUCER OF CBF EXPRESSION 1/C-REPEAT BINDING FACTOR (ICE1/CBF) pathway plays a crucial role in plant responses to cold stress, impacting growth and development. Here, we demonstrated that ATBS1-INTERACTING FACTOR 2 (AIF2), a non-DNA-binding basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, positively regulates freezing tolerance through the ICE1/CBF-induced cold tolerance pathway in Arabidopsis. Cold stress transcriptionally upregulated AIF2 expression and induced AIF2 phosphorylation, thereby stabilizing the AIF2 protein during early stages of cold acclimation. The AIF2 loss-of-function mutant, aif2-1, exhibited heightened sensitivity to freezing before and after cold acclimation. In contrast, ectopic expression of AIF2, but not the C-terminal-deleted AIF2 variant, restored freezing tolerance. AIF2 enhanced ICE1 stability during cold acclimation and promoted the transcriptional expression of CBFs and downstream cold-responsive genes, ultimately enhancing plant tolerance to freezing stress. MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES 3 and 6 (MPK3/6), known negative regulators of freezing tolerance, interacted with and phosphorylated AIF2, subjecting it to protein degradation. Furthermore, transient co-expression of MPK3/6 with AIF2 and ICE1 downregulated AIF2/ICE1-induced transactivation of CBF2 expression. AIF2 interacted preferentially with BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE 2 (BIN2) and MPK3/6 during the early and later stages of cold acclimation, respectively, thereby differentially regulating AIF2 activity in a cold acclimation time-dependent manner. Moreover, AIF2 acted additively in a gain-of-function mutant of BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT 1 (BZR1; bzr1-1D) and a triple knockout mutant of BIN2 and its homologs (bin2bil1bil2) to induce CBFs-mediated freezing tolerance. This suggests that cold-induced AIF2 coordinates freezing tolerance along with BZR1 and BIN2, key positive and negative components, respectively, of brassinosteroid signaling pathways.
The Savings of Corporate Giants
Authors: Darmouni Olivier , Mota Lira 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We construct a novel panel data set to provide new evidence on how the largest nonfinancial firms manage their financial assets. Our granular data show that, over the past decade, bond portfolios have grown to be at least as large as cash-like instruments, driven by the meteoric rise of corporate bond holdings. To shed light on the drivers of this growth, we conduct a pair of event studies around the 2017 tax reform and the 2020 liquidity crisis. We find that large holdings of marketable securities are primarily driven by cross-border tax incentives, while cash-like instruments are driven by liquidity motives. (JEL G32, G35, G11, E440)
Estimating Discount Functions with Consumption Choices over the Lifecycle
Authors: Laibson David , Lee Sean Chanwook , Maxted Peter , Repetto Andrea , Tobacman Jeremy 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We estimate β-δ time preferences and relative risk aversion (RRA) using a lifecycle model including stochastic income, liquid and illiquid assets, credit cards, dependents, Social Security, mortality, and bequests. Preference parameters are identified by cross-tabulating four lifecycle age intervals and four balance sheet moments: the share of households carrying (ie, revolving) credit card debt, average carried credit card debt, average net wealth among households carrying credit card debt, and average net wealth among households not carrying credit card debt. The 16 moments are approximately matched by (MSM) parameter estimates β=0.53, δ=0.99, and RRA = 1.9.
‘An amazing gang of women crooks and blackmailers’: women, organized crime, and the ‘Forty Elephants’ gang in inter-war Britain
Authors: Di Méo Grace 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Women’s participation in organized crime has been overlooked within historical research, with studies typically relegating their roles to that of auxiliaries to male gangsters. This article explores the activities and portrayals of women involved in organized crime during the British inter-war period, focusing specifically on one of Britain’s only known all-female criminal organizations (the ‘Forty Elephants’). Examining coverage from local, regional, and national newspapers, it argues that the Forty Elephants captivated the inter-war press, with depictions of gang members reflecting the stereotypical ‘devil in disguise’; according to the media, the female gangster was a dangerous and ‘professional’ criminal who hid behind a façade of good looks, fashionable clothing, and high social status. Furthermore, the article demonstrates how portrayals of the gang resonated with contemporary discussions around the emerging ‘modern woman’, reflecting concerns over women’s growing participation in social, political, and economic life.
Safety and Efficacy of Trastuzumab Deruxtecan for Metastatic HER2+ and HER2-low Breast Cancer
Authors: Qureshi Zaheer , Altaf Faryal , Jamil Abdur , Siddique Rimsha , Fatima Eeshal 
Published: July 2024

Objectives:
Trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) is a novel antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) promising in treating metastatic HER2+ and HER2-low breast cancer. This updated systematic review and meta-analysis, integrating data from the latest clinical trials, aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of T-DXd in this patient population.

Methods:
We adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science up to January 2024, focusing on clinical trials that assessed T-DXd’s efficacy and safety. Eligibility criteria were based on the PICOS framework, and selected studies underwent rigorous quality assessment and data extraction. The primary outcomes were progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and the incidence of adverse events. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed to synthesize the data.

Results:
Seven studies involving 2,201 patients met the inclusion criteria. The pooled analysis revealed that T-DXd significantly improved PFS (OR=0.37, 95% CI: 0.27-0.52), indicating a robust efficacy in slowing disease progression. However, treatment was associated with an increased risk of anemia (OR=2.10, 95% CI: 1.36-3.25), fatigue (OR=1.56, 95% CI: 1.21-2.02), nausea (OR=6.42, 95% CI: 4.37-9.42), vomiting (OR=6.21, 95% CI: 3.14-12.25), constipation (OR=2.26, 95% CI: 1.53-3.34), and notably, drug-related interstitial lung disease (OR=10.89, 95% CI: 3.81-31.12). The efficacy outcomes demonstrated significant heterogeneity, which was addressed through sensitivity analysis.

Conclusions:
T-DXd shows significant efficacy in treating metastatic HER2+ and HER2-low breast cancer, offering a valuable therapeutic option for patients with advanced disease. However, the treatment is associated with notable adverse events, including a heightened risk of ILD. These findings underscore the need for careful patient selection, monitoring, and management strategies to mitigate risks. Future research should focus on optimizing treatment protocols and exploring methods to enhance safety profiles.
A 12-Month Analysis of the Dermatologic Effects and Durability of Midface Volume Correction With DEFCL Volumizing Filler in a Prospective, Single-Center Study
Authors: Siquier-Dameto Gabriel , Salti Giovanni , Rharbaoui Siham , Malgapo Dennis Malvin Hernandez , Innocenti Silvia , Manni Martina 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND
Certain manufacturing processes confer distinctive rheologic features to hyaluronic acid (HA), ensuring long-lasting effects. Skin quality improvement and the volumizing effects of the DEFCL volumizer filler, a sterile, biodegradable, viscoelastic, transparent, isotonic, and homogenized injectable cross-linked high G′ filler for the treatment of moderate-to-severe age-related midface changes, were initially documented at 6 months after the first injection.

OBJECTIVE
The authors aimed to objectively evaluate the effects of the DEFCL volumizer filler in improving skin density, thickness, and biomechanical properties and on tissue volume augmentation in women with midface volume loss after 12 months.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Fifty women with midface volume loss were recruited in this prospective, noncomparative, single-center, postmarket study. The authors report changes in skin density, thickness, and quality and subjective and objective evaluation of facial and/or cheek volume augmentation using the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale, as well as injection site reactions and adverse events.

RESULTS
Improvements in skin quality and thickness and volumization were maintained 12 months after the first injection. Injector and patient satisfaction were highly rated with only mild adverse reactions observed.

CONCLUSION
Skin improvement and volumizing effects persisted in patients treated with the DEFCL volumizer after 12 months.
Premature ovarian insufficiency: knowledge, attitudes, and quality of care offered by gynecologists
Authors: Rosa e Silva Pedro Henrique , Ferreira Silvia Regina , Pravatta Rezende Gabriela , Angerame Yela Daniela , Benetti-Pinto Cristina Laguna 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective
Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) affects up to 3% of the global female population, influencing metabolic, cardiovascular, and reproductive health. Medical expertise in diagnosis, effects, and treatment strategies, particularly for gynecologists, is crucial for ensuring improved healthcare for women. The objective of this study is to assess the state of medical knowledge regarding the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of POI among Brazilian gynecologists.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted using online questionnaires administered to 16,000 members of the Brazilian Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics.

Results
In total, 460 questionnaires were received from gynecologists who had an average age of 44.49 ± 12.57 years and 19.37 ± 12.95 years of professional experience. Fifty-three percent of gynecologists diagnosed POI correctly, and 49% requested karyotype analysis, while fewer than 10% identified all POI etiologies. Over 90% of gynecologists understood the long-term consequences of POI for bone and cardiovascular health. Despite being a consequence of hypoestrogenism, hormone therapy was recommended only by 20% of doctors, with no more than 50% of them prescribing appropriate doses for young women. Regarding self-perception, 60% of gynecologists declared deficient knowledge regarding how to offer care and guidance to women, with hormone therapy being reported as the most important reason (47%).

Conclusions
Current concepts and guidelines for POI are not adequately understood or applied in Brazilian clinical practice, leading to suboptimal care.
Budgets: How They Are Planned, Prepared, and Managed
Authors: Chandawarkar Rajiv , Nadkarni Prakash , Barmash Elizabeth , Krasniak Peter , Capek Allison , Casey Kathleen 
Published: July 2024

Background:
Budget planning and execution is as difficult as it is vital to any practice, whether academic, private, or group. Well-planned and executed budgets are a source of revenue and growth that fuels the practice for the next cycle. Conversely, poorly planned budget is disastrous, and a badly executed one invariably leads to unrecoverable losses. Many clinicians, especially those in academic centers, are not involved in budget-planning preparation and yet are held accountable for their yearly performance in relation to the budget.

Methods:
Key processes for budget planning and their significance are identified. Integrating these steps with the needs of a clinical practice, a stepwise method is described for both clinicians and administrators to work together to plan, prepare, and manage budgets.

Results:
Relevant examples of how budgets affect clinical workflow and common pitfalls of budget planning and mitigation methods are identified. A simplified systematic approach allows for a streamlined, smooth budget-planning process that involves faculty and staff, which holds them accountable for the year-long performance of the entire clinical team.

Conclusions:
A systematic proactive approach to budget-planning, preparation, and management provides a financial direction to the department; tracks performance; allows growth; and provides the flexibility to stay on track, change course, or reassign resources.
Liposuction as a Treatment for Lipedema: A Scoping Review
Authors: Bejar-Chapa Maria , Rossi Nicoló , King Nicholas , Hussey Madison R. , Winograd Jonathan M. , Guastaldi Fernando P.S. 
Published: July 2024

Background:
Lipedema is the progressive symmetrical deposition of subcutaneous fat and fluid in the lower body, ordinarily sparing the trunk, upper limbs, face, and neck. It may follow an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. The gold standard treatment for lipedema is complete decongestive therapy, consisting of manual lymphatic drainage and compression garments. This scoping review assessed the existing literature on the effectiveness of liposuction as an alternative treatment for lipedema.

Methods:
A scoping review of electronically available literature within PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane focused on liposuction as a treatment for lipedema considering the following inclusion criteria: human studies, case series of 10 or more, controlled trials, randomized controlled trials, patient-reported outcome measurement studies, survey analyses, descriptive studies, retrospective analyses, recurrence included, follow-up of 6 months or more, age 18 years or older, and treatment modality being liposuction.

Results:
Thirteen studies were selected. Nine studies reported decreased compression therapy use among patients following liposuction. No studies reported a long-term increase in compression therapy following liposuction. Studies found self-reported improvements in pain, mobility, bruising, and overall quality of life for patients following liposuction, many of whom had previously been on compressive therapy. Studies reported low rates of serious adverse events following liposuction, including deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and infection.

Conclusions:
These results suggest that liposuction can be a viable treatment alternative to compression therapy for lipedema in patients whose compression therapy has not been helpful. However, there is not enough evidence to say whether liposuction is as effective as compression for patients first presenting with lipedema.
“Retinal Displacement Following Retinectomy in Complex Macula-Involving Recurrent Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment”
Authors: Ghalibafan Seyyedehfatemeh , Leal Sebastian , Rohowetz Landon J. , Cai Louis Z , Shaheen Abdulla , Grau Maria Magraner , Sridhar Jayanth , Yannuzzi Nicolas A 
Published: July 2024

Purpose:
To assess the incidence and degree of retinal displacement following nonprimary retinectomy in macula-involving rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) complicated by proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR).

Methods:
A retrospective interventional case series was conducted on eyes that underwent a second surgery involving retinectomy for complex macula-involving RRD between December 2011 and September 2023 at the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute. Clinical records and imaging were analyzed to assess the incidence and degree of retinal displacement using postoperative fundus autofluorescence (FAF).

Results:
Ten eyes of 10 patients (mean age 63.67 years) with complex RRD were followed over an average period of 18.4 months. Postoperative FAF imaging, performed on average 6.32 ± 8.7 months after retinectomy, revealed retinal displacement in 70% of eyes (n=7) with an average displacement measuring 0.52 ± 0.75 mm. Metamorphopsia was noted in 2 patients (20%) with retinal displacement. The best-corrected visual acuity improved from 1.62 logMAR before the second surgery to 1.20 logMAR by last follow-up visit.

Conclusion:
Retinectomy in the setting of treatment for complex PVR-associated RRD carries a high risk of retinal displacement as measured by fundus autofluorescence. It is unclear how much retinal displacement impacts visual outcomes, but it may contribute to post-operative visual acuity and metamorphopsia.