bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Allergen cross‐reactivity in allergic rhinitis and oral‐allergy syndrome: a bioinformatic protein sequence analysis
Authors: Platt Michael , Howell Sara , Sachdeva Ricky , Dumont Charles 
Published: May 2014

BackgroundClinical allergy cross‐reactivity that is seen with related inhalant allergens or between unrelated inhalant allergens and foods in oral allergy syndrome (OAS) remains poorly understood. The goal of this study is to determine whether clinical cross‐reactivity can be identified from primary protein sequences in allergy epitopes and food proteins.MethodsHigh‐throughput analysis was performed by assembling all known allergy epitopes within the Immune Epitope Database (IEDB; http://www.iedb.org) for 5 common species from 5 inhalant allergen subclasses and comparing their protein sequences to each other, as well as to sequences of intact proteins from known cross‐reactive foods in the European Molecular Biology Laboratory–European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL‐EBI) protein database (http://www.uniprot.org) that have been implicated in OAS. Computational methods were employed to allow for exact matching, gaps, and similar amino acids using multiple algorithms. A phylogenetic tree was created to determine evolutionary relationships between cross‐reactive epitopes in OAS.ResultsTwenty‐three common inhalant allergens had 4429 unique epitopes; the 19 foods implicated in OAS had 9497 protein sequences. The Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) algorithm identified interclass and intraclass sequence similarities for the 5 inhalant allergy classes with high similarity for mites, grasses, and trees. Analysis of OAS proteins identified 104 matches to inhalant allergy epitopes that are known to cross‐react. The phylogenetic tree displayed relationships that mostly followed organism phylogeny.ConclusionUse of primary protein sequences was successful in explaining clinical allergy cross‐reactivity. Clinical correlation is needed for use of these epitopes as diagnostic or therapeutic entities for patients with cross‐reactive allergic disease.
Normobaric hypoxia and symptoms of acute mountain sickness: Elevated brain volume and intracranial hypertension
Authors: Lawley Justin S. , Alperin Noam , Bagci Ahmet M. , Lee Sang H. , Mullins Paul G. , Oliver Samuel J. , Macdonald Jamie H. 
Published: May 2014

ObjectiveThe study was undertaken to determine whether normobaric hypoxia causes elevated brain volume and intracranial pressure in individuals with symptoms consistent with acute mountain sickness (AMS).MethodsThirteen males age = (26 (sd 6)) years were exposed to normobaric hypoxia (12% O2) and normoxia (21% O2). After 2 and 10 hours, AMS symptoms were assessed alongside ventricular and venous vessel volumes, cerebral blood flow, regional brain volumes, and intracranial pressure, using high‐resolution magnetic resonance imaging.ResultsIn normoxia, neither lateral ventricular volume (R2 = 0.07, p = 0.40) nor predominance of unilateral transverse venous sinus drainage (R2 = 0.07, p = 0.45) was related to AMS symptoms. Furthermore, despite an increase in cerebral blood flow after 2 hours of hypoxia (hypoxia vs normoxia: Δ148ml/min−1, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 58 to 238), by 10 hours, when AMS symptoms had developed, cerebral blood flow was normal (Δ−51ml/min−1, 95% CI = −141 to 39). Conversely, at 10 hours brain volume was increased (Δ59ml, 95% CI = 8 to 110), predominantly due to an increase in gray matter volume (Δ73ml, 95% CI = 25 to 120). Therefore, cerebral spinal fluid volume was decreased (Δ−40ml, 95% CI = −67 to −14). The intracranial pressure response to hypoxia varied between individuals, and as hypothesized, the most AMS‐symptomatic participants had the largest increases in intracranial pressure (AMS present, Δ7mmHg, 95% CI = −2.5 to 17.3; AMS not present, Δ−1mmHg, 95% CI = −3.3 to 0.5). Consequently, there was a significant relationship between the change in intracranial pressure and AMS symptom severity (R2 = 0.71, p = 0.002).InterpretationThe data provide the strongest evidence to date to support the hypothesis that the “random” nature of AMS symptomology is explained by a variable intracranial pressure response to hypoxia. ANN NEUROL 2014;75:890–898
Stroke risk after nonstroke emergency department dizziness presentations
Authors: Kerber Kevin A. , Zahuranec Darin B. , Brown Devin L. , Meurer William J. , Burke James F. , Smith Melinda A. , Lisabeth Lynda D. , Fendrick A. Mark , McLaughlin Thomas , Morgenstern Lewis B. 
Published: May 2014

ObjectiveAcute stroke is a serious concern in emergency department (ED) dizziness presentations. Prior studies, however, suggest that stroke is actually an unlikely cause of these presentations. Lacking are data on short‐ and long‐term follow‐up from population‐based studies to establish stroke risk after presumed nonstroke ED dizziness presentations.MethodsFrom May 8, 2011 to May 7, 2012, patients ≥45 years of age presenting to EDs in Nueces County, Texas, with dizziness, vertigo, or imbalance were identified, excluding those with stroke as the initial diagnosis. Stroke events after the ED presentation up to October 2, 2012 were determined using the BASIC (Brain Attack Surveillance in Corpus Christi) study, which uses rigorous surveillance and neurologist validation. Cumulative stroke risk was calculated using Kaplan–Meier estimates.ResultsA total of 1,245 patients were followed for a median of 347 days (interquartile range [IQR] = 230–436 days). Median age was 61.9 years (IQR = 53.8–74.0 years). After the ED visit, 15 patients (1.2%) had a stroke. Stroke risk was 0.48% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.22–1.07%) at 2 days, 0.48% (95% CI = 0.22–1.07%) at 7 days, 0.56% (95% CI = 0.27–1.18%) at 30 days, 0.56% (95% CI = 0.27–1.18%) at 90 days, and 1.42% (95% CI = 0.85–2.36%) at 12 months.InterpretationUsing rigorous case ascertainment and outcome assessment in a population‐based design, we found that the risk of stroke after presumed nonstroke ED dizziness presentations is very low, supporting a nonstroke etiology to the overwhelming majority of original events. High‐risk subgroups likely exist, however, because most of the 90‐day stroke risk occurred within 2 days. Vascular risk stratification was insufficient to identify these cases. ANN NEUROL 2014;75:899–907
Substrate Activity Screening with Kinases: Discovery of Small‐Molecule Substrate‐Competitive c‐Src Inhibitors
Authors: Breen Meghan E. , Steffey Michael E. , Lachacz Eric J. , Kwarcinski Frank E. , Fox Christel C. , Soellner Matthew B. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractSubstrate‐competitive kinase inhibitors represent a promising class of kinase inhibitors, however, there is no methodology to selectively identify this type of inhibitor. Substrate activity screening was applied to tyrosine kinases. By using this methodology, the first small‐molecule substrates for any protein kinase were discovered, as well as the first substrate‐competitive inhibitors of c‐Src with activity in both biochemical and cellular assays. Characterization of the lead inhibitor demonstrates that substrate‐competitive kinase inhibitors possess unique properties, including cellular efficacy that matches biochemical potency and synergy with ATP‐competitive inhibitors.
Analysis of variations in porosity of metal crosslinked collagen matrix
Authors: Sathish Murali , Raghava Rao Jonnalagadda , Fathima Nishter Nishad 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTThe fundamental knowledge of the porous nature of crosslinked collagen matrix such as tanned leather is an aid to design appropriate chemicals for leather making. It would also help to target a particular area of matrix to improve its uniformity and other functional properties. The purpose of this study is to analyze the variations in pore sizes of chromium crosslinked collagen matrix, chrome tanned leather, from different animal species and different areas of the same species. In this study, chrome tanned leather from goat and sheep were investigated for surface area, pore size, and distribution. Thermoporometry results show that average pore radius of goat leather is around 2–30 nm and that of sheep is 2–20 nm. Nitrogen adsorption result shows that average surface area of goat (8.24 m2/g) leather is higher than sheep (6.73 m2/g), but the average pore diameter of goat (289 nm) is smaller than sheep (385 nm) leather. It has been found that more numbers of smaller pores are present in goat than sheep leather and all the leather samples including goat and sheep obeyed type‐III adsorption isotherm. Capillary flow porometry analysis gives the smallest, largest, and mean‐flow‐diameter of through‐pores. The average size of largest throat pore diameter of sheep (1313 nm) is smaller than that of goat (1385 nm) leather. In general, the pore volume distribution of sheep leather is higher than that of goat leather. Morphological analysis using scanning electron microscopy shows that pore mouth of goat is deeper than that of sheep. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40835.
Polyaniline‐functionalized magnetic nanoparticles for the removal of toxic dye from wastewater
Authors: Mahto Triveni Kumar , Chowdhuri Angshuman Ray , Sahu Sumanta Kumar 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTA novel and inexpensive approach was adopted to develop a magnetic nanocomposite for the adsorption of cationic dye from an aqueous solution. This nanocomposite, which was based on a superparamagnetic iron oxide nanocore, was functionalized with a hydrophilic coating of polyaniline (PANI). The nanoparticle size, colloidal stability, surface chemistry, and magnetic properties were studied extensively by transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometry. The polymeric functionalized magnetic nanocomposite had an average core size of 20–40 nm and a shell size of 6–10 nm. To evaluate the potential of such nanocomposites for dye adsorption, malachite green (MG) was exposed with different operational parameters, such as the pH, temperature, initial concentration of the dye, contact time, and reusability. The rate of the adsorption followed pseudo‐second‐order kinetics with the adsorption isotherm fit the Langmuir isotherm model well. The maximum adsorption capacity was 240 mg of MG/g of adsorbent. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40840.
Electroactive behavior assessment of poly(acrylic acid)‐graphene oxide composite hydrogel in the detection of cadmium
Authors: Bejarano‐Jiménez Areli , Escobar‐Barrios Vladimir A. , Kleijn J. Mieke , Ortíz‐Ledón Cesar A. , Cházaro‐Ruiz Luis F. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTSuper absorbent polymers of acrylic acid‐graphene oxide (PAA‐GO) were synthesized with different percentage of chemical neutralization (0, 10, and 20%) of the acrylic acid monomer before its polymerization. The influence of their swelling and adsorption/desorption capacity of cadmium ions in aqueous solutions were studied and revealed that the GO enables greater mechanical stability in the materials. The PAA hydrogels, with the same degrees of neutralization, were also prepared without GO to compare with the composites. Additionally, carbon paste electrodes (CPE) modified with the composites PAA‐GO were used to asses and compare their adsorption properties with cadmium(II). The anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) peak, in the differential pulse voltammetry mode, for cadmium oxidation was found to be influenced by the presence of GO into the polymer, and also by their percentage of neutralization. The accumulation of cadmium(II) on the surface of the modified CPEs was performed under open‐circuit conditions taking an account the preconcentration time of the metal cation. The presence of GO enhances the electrical signal of the electrodes in short times of immersion in cadmium(II) solutions. This property contributed to get linear responses of the CPEs modified with the composites, which were influenced by their degrees of neutralization. The PAA‐GO 10N electrode with 10% of neutralization combined the influence of GO and the degree of neutralization in the same matrix, and also showed good performance in terms of its mechanical stability, it was chosen for preliminary studies on the selectivity of the electrode toward Zn(II) and Cu(II). © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40846.
Aqueous synthesis of highly luminescent surface Mn2+‐doped CdTe quantum dots as a potential multimodal agent
Authors: Zhang Fei , He Fei , He Xi‐Wen , Li Wen‐You , Zhang Yu‐Kui 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTMn2+‐doped CdTe quantum dots (QDs) were synthesized directly via a facile surface doping strategy in aqueous solution. The best optical property emerged when the added amount of Mn2+ was 5% compared to Cd2+ in the CdTe nanoparticles and the reaction temperature was 60 °C. The fluorescence and magnetic properties of the QDs were studied. The as‐prepared Mn2+‐doped CdTe QDs have high quantum yield (48.13%) and a narrow distribution with an average diameter of 3.7 nm. The utility of biological imaging was also studied. Depending on the high quantum yield, cells in culture were illuminated and made more distinct from each other compared to results obtained with normal QDs. They also have a prominent longitudinal relaxivity value (r1 = 4.2 mM−1s−1), which could indicate that the Mn2+‐doped CdTe QDs can be used as a potential multimodal agent for fluorescence and magnetic resonance imaging. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
NADH plays the vital role for chiral pure D‐(−)‐2,3‐butanediol production in Bacillus subtilis under limited oxygen conditions
Authors: Fu Jing , Wang Zhiwen , Chen Tao , Liu Weixi , Shi Ting , Wang Guanglu , Tang Ya‐jie , Zhao Xueming 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTCompared with traditional pathogenic producers, Bacillus subtilis as a Class I microorganism offers many advantages for industrial‐scale 2,3‐butanediol production. Unlike previous reports in which two stereoisomers (with a ratio of 3:2) were produced, we first found that wild type B. subtilis 168 generates only D‐(−)‐2,3‐butanediol (purity >99%) under low oxygen conditions. The total high yield of 2,3‐butanediol and acetoin, and acetoin reductase enzyme assay indicate that it is the high level of NADH availability, instead of high acetoin reductase activity, contributes more to 2,3‐butanediol production in B. subtilis. The strategy for increasing the pool of NADH availability, the key factor for 2,3‐butanediol production, was designed through low dissolved oxygen control, adding reducing substrates and rationally metabolic engineering. A transhydrogenase encoded by udhA was introduced to provide more NADH from NADPH and allowed enhanced 2,3‐butanediol production. Finally, BSF20 produced 49.29 g/L D(−)‐2,3‐butanediol. These results demonstrated that B. subtilis is a competitive producer for chiral 2,3‐butanediol production. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014;111: 2126–2131. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Simultaneous quantitative and qualitative analysis of aliskiren, enalapril and its active metabolite enalaprilat in undiluted human urine utilizing LC‐ESI‐MS/MS
Authors: Burckhardt Bjoern B. , Tins Jutta , Laeer Stephanie 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTThe benefit–risk ratio of combined blocking by the direct renin inhibitor aliskiren and an angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor (e.g. enalapril) on the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system is discussed. No method was available for simultaneous determination of both drugs in urine. A novel sensitive method for simultaneous quantification in undiluted human urine was developed which enables systematic pharmacokinetic investigations, especially in poorly investigated populations like children. Matrix effects were clearly reduced by applying solid‐phase extraction followed by a chromatographic separation on XselectTM C18 CSH columns. Mobile phase consisted of methanol and water, both acidified with formic acid. Under gradient conditions and a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min the column effluent was monitored by tandem mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization. Calibration curves were constructed in the range of 9.4–9600 ng/mL regarding aliskiren, 11.6–12000 ng/mL for enalapril and 8.8–9000 ng/mL for enalaprilat. All curves were analyzed utilizing 1/x2‐weighted quadratic squared regression. Intra‐run and inter‐run precision were 3.2–5.8% and 6.1–10.3% for aliskiren, 2.4–6.1% and 3.9–7.9% for enalapril as well as 3.1–9.4% and 4.7–12.7% regarding enalaprilat. Selectivity, accuracy and stability results comply with current international bioanalysis guidelines. The fully validated method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic investigation in healthy volunteers. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
HPLC‐DAD for the determination of three different classes of antifungals: method characterization, statistical approach, and application to a permeation study
Authors: Miron Diogo , Lange Alini , Zimmer Aline R. , Mayorga Paulo , Schapoval Elfrides E. S. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTThis study describes and characterizes methods for high‐performance liquid chromatography diode array detection (HPLC‐DAD) analysis of formulations containing molecules with antifungal activity of three different classes: terbinafine and butenafine (allylamines), miconazole and fluconazole (azoles), and geraniol, neral and geranial (monoterpenes). All methods used the same chromatographic column (RP18), enabling the analysis to be performed in a single batch. The specificity was extensively discussed through the establishment of purity peak methods. The analytical parameters (linearity, precision and accuracy) were calculated and discussed in detail using specific statistical approaches. All substances showed satisfactory results for chromatographic and analytical parameters. Limits of 1.3% to mean repeatability and 2.0% for intermediate precision are suggested as acceptance criteria in validation of methods by HPLC‐DAD, in situations where there is no extensive pretreatment of the samples. The methods proved to be robust and significant factors were discussed regarding their influence on chromatographic parameters (retention time, resolution, tailing factor and column efficiency). Finally, the application of the developed methods was demonstrated by the results of a permeation study of the antifungal agents through bovine hoof membranes. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Do not just do it, do it right: urinary metabolomics –establishing clinically relevant baselines
Authors: Trivedi Drupad K. , Iles Ray K. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTMetabolomics is currently being adopted as a tool to understand numerous clinical pathologies. It is essential to choose the best combination of techniques in order to optimize the information gained from the biological sample examined. For example, separation by reverse‐phase liquid chromatography may be suitable for biological fluids in which lipids, proteins and small organic compounds coexist in a relatively nonpolar environment, such as serum. However, urine is a highly polar environment and metabolites are often specifically altered to render them polar suitable for normal phase/hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography. Similarly, detectors such as high‐resolution mass spectrometry (MS) may negate the need for a pre‐separation but specific detection and quantification of less abundant analytes in targeted metabolomics may require concentration of the ions by methods such an ion trap MS. In addition, the inherent variability of metabolomic profiles need to be established in appropriately large sample sets of normal controls. This review aims to explore various techniques that have been tried and tested over the past decade. Consideration is given to various key drawbacks and positive alternatives published by active research groups and an optimum combination that should be used for urinary metabolomics is suggested to generate a reliable dataset for baseline studies. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Metal Ion Coordination of a Multichromophoric Highly Luminescent Polysulfurated Pyrene
Authors: Fermi Andrea , Ceroni Paola , Roy Myriam , Gingras Marc , Bergamini Giacomo 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWe have designed a new multichromophoric system based on a tetra(phenylthio)pyrene core appended with four terpyridine units. The system behaves as a molecular antenna that collects light with the peripheral units and funnels the energy to the very highly luminescent core. The addition of metals ions to the investigated system can not only switch the direction of the intramolecular energy transfer, but also control the formation of three‐dimensional nanoscopic objects in a dual function.
New Antimicrobial and Biocompatible Implant Coating with Synergic Silver–Vancomycin Conjugate Action
Authors: Varisco Massimo , Khanna Nina , Brunetto Priscilla S. , Fromm Katharina M. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractMaterials foreign to the body are used ever more frequently, as increasing numbers of patients require implants. As a consequence, the numbers of implant‐related infections have grown as well, and with increasing resistance. Treatments often fail; thus, new antibacterial coating strategies are being developed by scientists to avoid, or at least strongly reduce, bacterial adhesion to implant surfaces. In this study, we focused on producing a self‐protective coating combining silver(I) ions and a vancomycin‐derived molecule, intelligent pyridinate vancomycin (IPV), with a synergetic and effective action against bacteria. These AgI–IPV conjugate‐coated surfaces are well characterized and exhibit strong bactericidal activity in vitro against Staphylococci strains. Furthermore, the released quantities of both drugs from the coated surfaces do not affect their biocompatibility and soft tissue integration. These newly developed AgI–IPV conjugate coatings thus represent a possible and efficient protection method against bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation during and after implant surgery.
Disease and treatment characteristics do not predict symptom occurrence profiles in oncology outpatients receiving chemotherapy
Authors: Miaskowski Christine , Cooper Bruce A. , Melisko Michelle , Chen Lee‐May , Mastick Judy , West Claudia , Paul Steven M. , Dunn Laura B. , Schmidt Brian L. , Hammer Marilyn , Cartwright Frances , Wright Fay , Langford Dale J. , Lee Kathryn , Aouizerat Bradley E. 
Published: May 2014

BACKGROUNDA large amount of interindividual variability exists in the occurrence of symptoms in patients receiving chemotherapy (CTX). The purposes of the current study, which was performed in a sample of 582 oncology outpatients who were receiving CTX, were to identify subgroups of patients based on their distinct experiences with 25 commonly occurring symptoms and to identify demographic and clinical characteristics associated with subgroup membership. In addition, differences in quality of life outcomes were evaluated.METHODSOncology outpatients with breast, gastrointestinal, gynecological, or lung cancer completed the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale before their next cycle of CTX. Latent class analysis was used to identify subgroups of patients with distinct symptom experiences.RESULTSThree distinct subgroups of patients were identified (ie, 36.1% in Low class; 50.0% in Moderate class, and 13.9% in All High class). Patients in the All High class were significantly younger and more likely to be female and nonwhite, and had lower levels of social support, lower socioeconomic status, poorer functional status, and a higher level of comorbidity.CONCLUSIONSFindings from the current study support the clinical observation that some oncology patients experience a differentially higher symptom burden during CTX. These high‐risk patients experience significant decrements in quality of life. Cancer 2014;120:2371–2378. © 2014 American Cancer Society.