bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Chia (Salvia hispanica L) Addition on the Quality of Gluten‐Free Bread
Authors: Steffolani Eugenia , de la Hera Esther , Pérez Gabriela , Gómez Manuel 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe objective of this study was to analyze the influence of chia seeds and flour on the organoleptic quality of gluten‐free breads. Rice breads were elaborated with the addition of 15 g of chia flour or seed, either dry or pre‐hydrated, per 100 g of rice flour. The influence of the addition of chia on flour pasting properties and dough proofing behavior was analyzed. The specific volume, weight, texture, color and acceptability of the breads were studied. The addition of chia reduced specific volume and increased the hardness of breads, and the effect was more evident with the flour than with seed. Chia addition minimized weight loss during baking in all cases. The addition of chia flour produced a darker crust and crumb. There were no significant differences between the different breads in the global acceptability, but chia seed breads presented better values in terms of texture than control.Practical ApplicationsThis study shows that the use of chia seed and flours in rice bread making allows results in breads with good acceptability. However, the correct selection of seed or flours and previous hydration or not are essential to achieve appropriate results. Thereby, breads with chia seeds showed a better aspect valued by consumers, a higher specific volume and a lower firmness than breads made with chia flour, without a quality improvement in the case of a previous prehydration.
Inhibition of Salmonella by Bacteriocin‐Producing Lactic Acid Bacteria Derived from U.S. Kimchi and Broiler Chicken
Authors: Kim Ji Yeun , Young Janay A. , Gunther Nereus W. , Lee Jung‐Lim 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIn this study, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated from kimchi prepared in the U.S.A. and from broiler chickens. The resulting isolates were examined for potential probiotic characteristics. A total of 488 LAB strains were isolated, and among them, 16 originating from kimchi and 14 from broilers produced bacteriocin‐like substances, which showed antimicrobial effects against Salmonella Enteritidis, Heidelberg, Newport and Typhimurium. These strains were investigated with regard to additional probiotic properties such as tolerance to gastric juice and bile, resistance to enzymes, and antibiotics susceptibilities. Lactobacillus casei or paracasei Cab‐18, Lb. saniviri Cuc‐1, and Leuconostoc mesenteroides Com‐54 isolated from kimchi and Lb. johnsonii F‐6 and Lb. crispatus F‐59 isolated from broiler chicken demonstrated promising probiotic properties with the ability to produce bacteriocin‐like substances with relatively strong antimicrobial activity against Salmonella. These strains could potentially be applied as supplements to poultry in order to reduce Salmonella contamination.Practical ApplicationsSalmonellosis associated with consumption of contaminated meats, especially poultry products, is a major concern due to the common outbreaks in the U.S.A. Although it has been shown that lactic acid bacteria (LAB) could reduce Salmonella contaminations, LAB isolated from kimchi have not been studied for the potential to inhibit the persistence of Salmonella spp. in live poultry. The present study screened LAB, which showed antimicrobial effects against four clinically important serotypes of Salmonella. Additionally, we selected LAB that had additional probiotic properties, which would allow for the strains use as potential feed additives. Therefore, the LAB strains isolated in this study could be applied as feed supplements to poultry for the purpose of reducing colonization of Salmonella in poultry as well as contamination during processing.
Role of plant myosins in motile organelles: Is a direct interaction required?
Authors: Buchnik Limor , Abu‐Abied Mohamad , Sadot Einat 
Published: September 2014

AbstractPlant organelles are highly motile, with speed values of 3–7 µm/s in cells of land plants and about 20–60 µm/s in characean algal cells. This movement is believed to be important for rapid distribution of materials around the cell, for the plant's ability to respond to environmental biotic and abiotic signals and for proper growth. The main machinery that propels motility of organelles within plant cells is based on the actin cytoskeleton and its motor proteins the myosins. Most plants express multiple members of two main classes: myosin VIII and myosin XI. While myosin VIII has been characterized as a slow motor protein, myosins from class XI were found to be the fastest motor proteins known in all kingdoms. Paradoxically, while it was found that myosins from class XI regulate most organelle movement, it is not quite clear how or even if these motor proteins attach to the organelles whose movement they regulate.Einat Sadot
Larvae of the small white butterfly, Pieris rapae, express a novel serotonin receptor
Authors: Qi Yi‐Xiang , Xia Ren‐Ying , Wu Ya‐Su , Stanley David , Huang Jia , Ye Gong‐Yin 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe biogenic amine serotonin (5‐hydroxytryptamine, 5‐HT) is a neurotransmitter in vertebrates and invertebrates. It acts in regulation and modulation of many physiological and behavioral processes through G‐protein‐coupled receptors. Five 5‐HT receptor subtypes have been reported in Drosophila that share high similarity with mammalian 5‐HT1A, 5‐HT1B, 5‐HT2A, 5‐HT2B, and 5‐HT7 receptors. We isolated a cDNA (Pr5‐HT8) from larval Pieris rapae, which shares relatively low similarity to the known 5‐HT receptor classes. After heterologous expression in HEK293 cells, Pr5‐HT8 mediated increased [Ca2+]i in response to low concentrations (< 10 nM) of 5‐HT. The receptor did not affect [cAMP]i even at high concentrations (> 10 μM) of 5‐HT. Dopamine, octopamine, and tyramine did not influence receptor signaling. Pr5‐HT8 was also activated by various 5‐HT receptor agonists including 5‐methoxytryptamine, (±)‐8‐Hydroxy‐2‐(dipropylamino) tetralin, and 5‐carboxamidotryptamine. Methiothepin, a non‐selective 5‐HT receptor antagonist, activated Pr5‐HT8. WAY 10635, a 5‐HT1A antagonist, but not SB‐269970, SB‐216641, or RS‐127445, inhibited 5‐HT‐induced [Ca2+]i increases. We infer that Pr5‐HT8 represents the first recognized member of a novel 5‐HT receptor class with a unique pharmacological profile. We found orthologs of Pr5‐HT8 in some insect pests and vectors such as beetles and mosquitoes, but not in the genomes of honeybee or parasitoid wasps. This is likely to be an invertebrate‐specific receptor because there were no similar receptors in mammals.imageWe isolated a cDNA (Pr5‐HT8) from larval Pieris rapae, which shares relatively low similarity to the known GPCRs. After heterologous expression in HEK293 cells, Pr5‐HT8 mediated increased [Ca2+]i in response to low concentrations (< 10 nM) of 5‐HT and various 5‐HT receptor agonists. We found orthologs of Pr5‐HT8 in some insect pests and vectors such as beetles and mosquitoes, but not in the genomes of honeybee, parasitoid wasps, or mammals.
Is it feasible to identify preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome for early extubation to continuous positive airway pressure post‐surfactant treatment during retrieval?
Authors: Priyadarshi Archana , Quek Wei Shern , Luig Melissa , Lui Kei 
Published: September 2014

AimPreterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) requiring surfactant treatment are often retrieved mechanically ventilated to the receiving hospital. INSURE (INtubate, SURfactant, Extubate) technique is not routinely performed by Newborn and Pediatric Emergency Transport Services NSW (NETS) during retrieval. This study aims to evaluate the likelihood of using INSURE technique during retrieval. We attempted to study the clinical characteristics of preterm infants with RDS who were favourably extubated (FE) shortly after admission to the receiving hospital.MethodsRetrospective study of preterm infants, gestational age (GA) > 28 weeks with RDS requiring retrieval by NETS.ResultsTwo hundred twenty‐three infants, median GA of 33 weeks (range 29–36), median birthweight 2200 g (1000–4080) were examined. A percentage of 49.7 received CPAP, and 50.3% required MV. Eighteen (16%) infants were FE (<6 h) at receiving hospital. FiO2 on stabilisation (FiO2(st)) by NETS correlated with FiO2 on admission to receiving hospital (r = 0.863). A percentage of 81 of ventilated infants received premedications including morphine. No significant differences were noted for GA, stabilisation ventilator settings, surfactant dose (mean 155 mg/kg) and mode of transport between FE and non‐FE groups. FiO2(st) post‐surfactant treatment was significantly lower in FE compared with non‐FE group (mean 0.28 vs. 0.41 respectively). The area under the curve from receiver operating characteristic based on FiO2(st) was 0.646 (P = 0.050), the sensitivity and specificity of FiO2(st) cut‐off points (between 0.25 and 0.30) was low.ConclusionFiO2 on stabilisation post‐surfactant treatment has a weak predictive value and may not be adequate to be used as sole criteria to extubate to CPAP prior to transport. FiO2 at stabilisation should be included as an eligibility criteria for a randomised trial of INSURE during retrieval, but other clinical assessments are needed.
Skin permeation enhancement effects of the gel and whole-leaf materials of Aloe vera, Aloe marlothii and Aloe ferox
Authors: Fox Lizelle T , Gerber Minja , L du Preez Jan , du Plessis Jeanetta , Hamman Josias H 
Published: September 2014

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of this study was to investigate the in-vitro permeation enhancement effects of the gel and whole-leaf materials of Aloe vera, Aloe marlothii and Aloe ferox using ketoprofen as a marker compound.

Methods
The permeation studies were conducted across excised female abdominal skin in Franz diffusion cells, and the delivery of ketoprofen into the stratum corneum-epidermis and epidermis-dermis layers of the skin was investigated using a tape-stripping technique.

Key findings
A. vera gel showed the highest permeation-enhancing effect on ketoprofen (enhancement ratio or ER = 2.551) when compared with the control group, followed by A. marlothii gel (ER = 1.590) and A. ferox whole-leaf material (ER = 1.520). Non-linear curve fitting calculations indicated that the drug permeation-enhancing effect of A. vera gel can be attributed to an increased partitioning of the drug into the skin, while A. ferox whole leaf modified the diffusion characteristics of the skin for ketoprofen. The tape stripping results indicated that A. marlothii whole leaf delivered the highest concentration of the ketoprofen into the different skin layers.

Conclusions
Of the selected aloe species investigated, A. vera gel material showed the highest potential as transdermal drug penetration enhancer across human skin.
Short‐term melatonin consumption protects the heart of obese rats independent of body weight change and visceral adiposity
Authors: Nduhirabandi Frederic , Huisamen Barbara , Strijdom Hans , Blackhurst Dee , Lochner Amanda 
Published: September 2014

AbstractChronic melatonin treatment has been shown to prevent the harmful effects of diet‐induced obesity and reduce myocardial susceptibility to ischaemia‐reperfusion injury (IRI). However, the exact mechanism whereby it exerts its beneficial actions on the heart in obesity/insulin resistance remains unknown. Herein, we investigated the effects of relatively short‐term melatonin treatment on the heart in a rat model of diet‐induced obesity. Control and diet‐induced obese Wistar rats (fed a high calorie diet for 20 wk) were each subdivided into three groups receiving drinking water with or without melatonin (4 mg/kg/day) for the last 6 or 3 wk of experimentation. A number of isolated hearts were perfused in the working mode, subjected to regional or global ischaemia‐reperfusion; others were nonperfused. Metabolic parameters, myocardial infarct sizes (IFS), baseline and postischaemic activation of PKB/Akt, ERK42/44, GSK‐3β and STAT‐3 were determined. Diet‐induced obesity caused increases in body weight gain, visceral adiposity, fasting blood glucose, serum insulin and triglyceride (TG) levels with a concomitant cardiac hypertrophy, large postischaemic myocardial IFSs and a reduced cardiac output. Melatonin treatment (3 and 6 wk) decreased serum insulin levels and the HOMA index (P < 0.05) with no effect on weight gain (after 3 wk), visceral adiposity, serum TG and glucose levels. It increased serum adiponectin levels, reduced myocardial IFSs in both groups and activated baseline myocardial STAT‐3 and PKB/Akt, ERK42/44 and GSK‐3β during reperfusion. Overall, short‐term melatonin administration to obese/insulin resistant rats reduced insulin resistance and protected the heart against ex vivo myocardial IRI independently of body weight change and visceral adiposity.
Modafinil in the treatment of idiopathic hypersomnia without long sleep time—a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study
Authors: Mayer Geert , Benes Heike , Young Peter , Bitterlich Marion , Rodenbeck Andrea 
Published: September 2014

SummaryIn 2010 the European Medicines Agency withdrew the indication of modafinil for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea, shift work sleep disorder and for idiopathic hypersomnia (IH). In uncontrolled studies, modafinil has been reported to be efficacious in the treatment of sleep disorders. We therefore performed a randomized, placebo‐controlled study with the aim of proving the efficacy of modafinil treatment in these patients. Drug‐free IH patients without long sleep according to ICSD2 criteria, age >18 years and disease duration >2 years were included. After a washout phase, patients at baseline received placebo or 100 mg modafinil in the morning and at noon over 3 weeks, followed by 1 week without medication. At each visit the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and Clinical Global Impression (CGI) rating scale were performed. At baseline and on days 8 and 21 four Maintenance of Wakefulness Tests (MWTs)/day or per day were performed. Patients kept a sleep–wake diary throughout the study. Between 2009 and 2011 three sleep centres recruited 33 participants. Compared to placebo, modafinil decreased sleepiness significantly and improved mean sleep latency in the MWT non‐significantly. The CGI improved significantly from baseline to the last visit on treatment. The most frequent adverse events were headaches and gastrointestinal disorders; skin and psychiatric reactions were not reported. The number of reported naps and duration of daytime sleepiness decreased significantly. Total sleep time of nocturnal sleep was slightly reduced. The sleep diaries showed increases in feeling refreshed in the morning; the diurnal diaries showed significant improvement of performance and of exhaustion. Modafinil is an effective and safe medication in the treatment of IH. Adverse events are mild to moderate.
Synergistic interactions of begomoviruses with Sweet potato chlorotic stunt virus (genus Crinivirus) in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.)
Authors: Cuellar Wilmer J. , Galvez Marco , Fuentes Segundo , Tugume Joab , Kreuze Jan 
Published: September 2014

SummaryThree hundred and ninety‐four sweet potato accessions from Latin America and East Africa were screened by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of begomoviruses, and 46 were found to be positive. All were symptomless in sweet potato and generated leaf curling and/or chlorosis in Ipomoea setosa. The five most divergent isolates, based on complete genome sequences, were used to study interactions with Sweet potato chlorotic stunt virus (SPCSV), known to cause synergistic diseases with other viruses. Co‐infections led to increased titres of begomoviruses and decreased titres of SPCSV in all cases, although the extent of the changes varied notably between begomovirus isolates. Symptoms of leaf curling only developed temporarily in combination with isolate StV1 and coincided with the presence of the highest begomovirus concentrations in the plant. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) sequence analysis revealed that co‐infection of SPCSV with isolate StV1 led to relatively increased siRNA targeting of the central part of the SPCSV genome and a reduction in targeting of the genomic ends, but no changes to the targeting of StV1 relative to single infection of either virus. These changes were not observed in the interaction between SPCSV and the RNA virus Sweet potato feathery mottle virus (genus Potyvirus), implying specific effects of begomoviruses on RNA silencing of SPCSV in dually infected plants. Infection in RNase3‐expressing transgenic plants showed that this protein was sufficient to mediate this synergistic interaction with DNA viruses, similar to RNA viruses, but exposed distinct effects on RNA silencing when RNase3 was expressed from its native virus, or constitutively from a transgene, despite a similar pathogenic outcome.
Deep sequencing reveals a novel closterovirus associated with wild rose leaf rosette disease
Authors: He Yan , Yang Zuokun , Hong Ni , Wang Guoping , Ning Guogui , Xu Wenxing 
Published: September 2014

SummaryA bizarre virus‐like symptom of a leaf rosette formed by dense small leaves on branches of wild roses (Rosa multiflora Thunb.), designated as ‘wild rose leaf rosette disease’ (WRLRD), was observed in China. To investigate the presumed causal virus, a wild rose sample affected by WRLRD was subjected to deep sequencing of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) for a complete survey of the infecting viruses and viroids. The assembly of siRNAs led to the reconstruction of the complete genomes of three known viruses, namely Apple stem grooving virus (ASGV), Blackberry chlorotic ringspot virus (BCRV) and Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV), and of a novel virus provisionally named ‘rose leaf rosette‐associated virus’ (RLRaV). Phylogenetic analysis clearly placed RLRaV alongside members of the genus Closterovirus, family Closteroviridae. Genome organization of RLRaV RNA (17 653 nucleotides) showed 13 open reading frames (ORFs), except ORF1 and the quintuple gene block, most of which showed no significant similarities with known viral proteins, but, instead, had detectable identities to fungal or bacterial proteins. Additional novel molecular features indicated that RLRaV seems to be the most complex virus among the known genus members. To our knowledge, this is the first report of WRLRD and its associated closterovirus, as well as two ilarviruses and one capilovirus, infecting wild roses. Our findings present novel information about the closterovirus and the aetiology of this rose disease which should facilitate its control. More importantly, the novel features of RLRaV help to clarify the molecular and evolutionary features of the closterovirus.
Spiritual care and kidney disease in NZ: A qualitative study with New Zealand renal specialists
Authors: Egan Richard , MacLeod Rod , Tiatia Ramona , Wood Sarah , Mountier Jane , Walker Rob 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAimPeople with chronic kidney disease have a shortened life expectancy and carry a high symptom burden. Research suggests that attending to renal patients' spiritual needs may contribute to an improvement in their quality of life. The aim of this qualitative study was to investigate the provision of spiritual care in New Zealand renal units from the perspective of specialists.MethodsThe study followed a generic qualitative approach and included semi‐structured interviews with specialists recruited from New Zealand's ten renal centres.ResultsFive specialist doctors and nine specialist nurses were recruited for interviews. Understandings of spirituality were broad, with most participants having an inclusive understanding. Patients' spiritual needs were generally acknowledged and respected though formal spiritual assessments were not done. Consideration of death was discussed as an often‐unexamined need. The dominant position was that the specialists did not provide explicit spiritual care of patients but there was some ad hoc provision offered through pre‐dialysis educators, family meetings, Māori liaison staff members and the efforts of individuals. Chaplains were well used in some services. Participants had received no pre and little in‐service training or education in spiritual care. Suggestions for improvements included in‐service training, better utilization of chaplaincy services and training in advance care planning.ConclusionMost participants indicated they would attempt to provide some form of spiritual care, either directly or by referring the patient to appropriate services. However, participants generally demonstrated a lack of confidence in addressing a patient's spiritual needs.
Effect of preoperative statin therapy on postoperative acute kidney injury in patients undergoing major surgery: Systemic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Pan Szu‐Yu , Wu Vin‐Cent , Huang Tao‐Min , Chou Hou‐Chang , Ko Wen‐Je , Wu Kwan‐Dun , Lee Chien‐Chang ,   NSARF group
Published: September 2014

AbstractWe aimed to examine the association between preoperative use of statins and postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients undergoing major surgery by performing a systemic review and meta‐analysis. MEDLINE and EMBASE, from inception to April 2013, and the reference lists of related articles were searched for relevant studies. Trials comparing preoperative statin therapy with no preoperative statin in patients undergoing major surgery were included. Outcome measures of interest were the risk of cumulative postoperative AKI and postoperative AKI requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT). Fixed or random effect meta‐analysis was performed to derive summary effect estimates. In five randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 19 observational studies, comprising a total of 989 173 patients undergoing major surgery, 112 840 patients (11.41%) received preoperative statin therapy. The specific type, dosage, and duration of statin therapy were not available in most studies. Preoperative statin therapy was associated with a significant risk reduction for cumulative postoperative AKI (weighted summary odds ratio (OR) 0.87, 95% CI 0.79 to 0.95). The effect of risk reduction was also significant when considering postoperative AKI requiring RRT (OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.72 to 0.90). When restricting the analysis to the five RCTs, preoperative statin therapy did not show significant protective effect on postoperative AKI (OR 0.49, 95% CI 0.22 to 1.09). In patients undergoing major surgery, preoperative statin therapy could associate with a reduced risk for postoperative AKI. However, considerable heterogeneity existed among included studies. Future randomized trials were warranted for this critical clinical question.