bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solid‐state foaming of isotactic polypropylene and its composites with spherical or fibrous poly(butylenes terephthalate)
Authors: Luo Yiwei , Xin Chunling , Yang Zhaoping , Yan Baorui , Li Zhongpeng , Li Xiaohu , He Yadong 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTIn this article, the foaming behavior of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) and its composites with spherical or fibrous poly(butylenes terephthalate) (PBT) using supercritical CO2 as a blowing agent were investigated. Their foaming performances were also compared in relation to the crystal morphology and rheological behavior of PP. Results demonstrate that crystal structures significantly impacted the cell structures of foams. At relatively low temperature, microcells appeared at the centers of PP spherulites where the melting started. Particularly, bi‐modal cell structure formed in the foamed PP with increasing temperature. However, in the foamed PP composites with spherical or fibrous PBT, this structure almost disappeared due to the smaller PP spherulites. In foaming PP/PBT composites, the heterogeneous nucleation of spherical or fibrous PBT was effective at reducing cell size as well as improving cell density and cell uniformity. The fibrous PBT also acted as scaffolds for preserving cell shapes. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41801.
Dealloying of Mesoporous PtCu Alloy Film for the Synthesis of Mesoporous Pt Films with High Electrocatalytic Activity
Authors: Li Cuiling , Malgras Victor , Aldalbahi Ali , Yamauchi Yusuke 
Published: December 2014

AbstractMesoporous Pt film with highly electrocatalytic activity is successfully synthesized by dealloying of mesoporous PtCu alloy film prepared through electrochemical micelle assembly. The resulting mesoporous electrode exhibits high current density and superior stability toward the methanol oxidation reaction.
RETRACTION: Inhibition of GPR137 suppresses proliferation of medulloblastoma cells in vitro
Authors: Wang Chengfeng , Liang Qinchuan , Chen Guangming , Jing Junjie , Wang Shousen 
Published: December 2014

AbstractRETRACTION: Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor in children. GPR137 is a ubiquitously expressed gene in the central nervous system. It has been reported that GPR137 modulates malignant proliferation of glioma cells. However, the relationship between GPR137 and medulloblastoma is still unknown. In this study, we knocked down GPR137 in the medulloblastoma cell line Daoy via a lentivirus‐based RNA interference system to explore its role in medulloblastoma. Functional analyses showed that cell proliferation and colony formation were obviously restrained in Daoy cells after GPR137 knockdown. Furthermore, knockdown of GPR137 in Daoy cells led to a significant increase in cell percentage in the G0/G1 phase but a decrease in the S phase. Additionally, the cell population in the sub‐G1 phase, which represents apoptotic cells, was remarkably increased in GPR137 knockdown cells. GPR137 inhibition induced a strong proapoptotic effect in Daoy cells, as confirmed by annexin V‐APC/7‐AAD double staining. In conclusion, GPR137 knockdown inhibited growth of Daoy medulloblastoma cells via disturbing cell cycle progression and inducing apoptosis. Our investigation suggested that GPR137 could be a potential oncogene in medulloblastoma cells and might serve as a target for the treatment of medulloblastoma.
Inactivation and identification of three genes encoding glycosyltransferase required for biosynthesis of nogalamycin
Authors: Shao Lei , Shi Xuanwen , Liu Wei , Gao Xiaorong , Pu Tian , Ma Bingji , Wang Siyuan 
Published: December 2014

AbstractNogalamycin is an anthracycline antitumor antibiotic, consisting of the aromatic aglycone attached with a nogalose and a nogalamine. At present, the biosynthesis pathway of nogalamycin, especially the glycosylation mechanism of the two deoxysugar moieties, had still not been extensively investigated in vivo. In this study, we inactivated the three glycotransferase genes in the nogalamycin‐produced strain, and investigated the function of these genes by analyzing the metabolites profiles in the fermentation broth. The in‐frame deletion of snogD and disruption of snogE abolished the production of nogalamycin completely, indicating that the gene products of snogD and snogE are essential to the biosynthesis of nogalamycin. On the other hand, in‐frame deletion of snogZ does not abolish the production of nogalamycin, but production yield was reduced to 28% of the wild type, implying that snogZ gene may involved in the activation of other glycotransferases in nogalamycin biosynthesis. This study laid the foundation of modification of nogalamycin biosynthesis/production by genetic engineering methods.
Total Synthesis and Structure Elucidation of JBIR‐39: A Linear Hexapeptide Possessing Piperazic Acid and γ‐Hydroxypiperazic Acid Residues
Authors: Yoshida Masahito , Sekioka Naoki , Izumikawa Miho , Kozone Ikuko , Takagi Motoki , Shin‐ya Kazuo , Doi Takayuki 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe total synthesis and stereochemical structural elucidation of JBIR‐39, containing four nonproteinogenic piperazic acid (Piz) residues, is reported. The synthesis includes Sc(OTf)3‐catalyzed acylation of a Piz(γ‐OTBS) derivative with piperazic acid chloride, providing the desired Piz‐Piz(γ‐OTBS) dipeptide in high yield without epimerization. After assembling two additional Piz moieties and (S)‐isoleucic acid at the N‐terminus, amidation with the (R)‐α‐methylserine ester at the C‐terminus, and deprotection afforded the desired (2R,8S)‐hexapeptide, which is the assumed structure of JBIR‐39. Although the spectral data of the (2R,8S)‐hexapeptide was not identical to JBIR‐39, further synthesis of three stereoisomers confirmed the stereochemical structure of JBIR‐39 to be (2S,6S,8S,11R,16S,21R,26S,27S).
Untersuchung der Kondensation von Reinstoffen an einem horizontalen berippten Rohrbündel
Authors: Büchner Alexander , Reif Anna , Rehfeldt Sebastian , Klein Harald 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBei der Kondensation an niedrig und eng berippten Rohren ist der äußere Wärmeübergangskoeffizient deutlich höher als bei Glattrohren. Um eine Auslegungsgrundlage für Rohrbündel mit diesen Rohren zu schaffen, wird der globale äußere Wärmeübergangskoeffizient bei der Kondensation von Reinstoffen (iso‐Propanol, n‐Pentan, iso‐Oktan) an einem Rohrbündel aus drei GEWA‐K30 Rohren aus Baustahl vermessen. Es zeigt sich, dass die Inundation, im Gegensatz zu Glattrohren, bei Rippenrohren keinen erkennbaren Einfluss auf den äußeren Wärmeübergangskoeffizienten der untersuchten drei Rohrreihen hat.
“Squalenoylcurcumin” Nanoassemblies as Water‐Dispersible Drug Candidates with Antileishmanial Activity
Authors: Cheikh‐Ali Zakaria , Caron Joachim , Cojean Sandrine , Bories Christian , Couvreur Patrick , Loiseau Philippe M. , Desmaële Didier , Poupon Erwan , Champy Pierre 
Published: December 2014

AbstractCurcumin, a natural polyphenolic compound, showed antiparasitic potential, including trypanocidal and leishmanicidal activity, in several in vitro and in vivo models. The molecule is well tolerated in humans. However, it is insoluble in water and displays poor oral bioavailability as a result of low absorption. New derivatives of curcumin were prepared by esterification of one or two of its phenolic groups with 1,1′,2‐tris‐norsqualenic acid. These “squalenoylcurcumins” were formulated as water‐dispersible nanoassemblies of homogeneous size, and they proved to be stable. Squalenoylcurcumins were inactive against Trypanosoma brucei brucei trypomastigotes, even as nanoassemblies, in contrast with curcumin. However, against Leishmania donovani promastigotes, the activities of the squalenoylcurcumins and their nanoassemblies were enhanced relative to that of curcumin. In L. donovani axenic and intramacrophagic amastigotes, they showed activity in the range of miltefosine, with good selectivity indexes. In regard to their dispersibility in water and to the safety of curcumin, these nanoassemblies are promising candidates for preclinical study toward the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis.
Practice adaptive reserve and colorectal cancer screening best practices at community health center clinics in 7 states
Authors: Tu Shin–Ping , Young Vicki M. , Coombs Letoynia J. , Williams Rebecca S. , Kegler Michelle C. , Kimura Amanda T. , Risendal Betsy C. , Friedman Daniela B. , Glenn Beth A. , Pfeiffer Debbie J. , Fernandez Maria E. 
Published: December 2014

BACKGROUNDEnhancing the capability of community health centers to implement best practices (BPs) may mitigate health disparities. This study investigated the association of practice adaptive reserve (PAR) with the implementation of patient‐centered medical home (PCMH) colorectal cancer (CRC) screening BPs at community health center clinics in 7 states.METHODSA convenience sample of clinic staff participated in a self‐administered, online survey. Eight PCMH CRC screening BPs were scored as a composite ranging from 0 to 32. The PAR composite score was scaled from 0 to 1 and then categorized into 3 levels. Multilevel analyses examined the relation between PAR and self‐reported implementation of PCMH BPs.RESULTSThere were 296 respondents, and 59% reported 6 or more PCMH BPs at their clinics. The mean PAR score was 0.66 (standard deviation, 0.18), and the PCMH BP mean scores were significantly higher for respondents who reported higher clinic PAR categories. In comparison with the lowest PAR level, adjusted PCMH BP means were 25.0% higher at the middle PAR level (difference, 3.2; standard error, 1.3; t = 2.44; P = .015) and 63.2% higher at the highest PAR level (difference, 8.0; standard error, 1.9; t = 4.86; P < .0001).CONCLUSIONSA higher adaptive reserve, as measured by the PAR score, was positively associated with self‐reported implementation of PCMH CRC screening BPs by clinic staff. Future research is needed to determine the PAR levels most conducive to implementing CRC screening and to develop interventions that enhance PAR in primary care settings. Cancer 2015;121:1241–1248. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Simple computational technique to quantify nuclear shape asymmetry
Authors: Nikonenko Alexander G. , Bozhok Yuriy M. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe nucleus of an eukaryotic cell is a membrane‐bound organelle containing a major part of the cellular genome. Nuclear shape is controlled by forces generated in the cytoskeleton, nuclear envelope and matrix of the nucleus and may change when the balance of these forces is disturbed. In certain cases, such changes may be indicative of cell pathology. Nuclear shape feature is being commonly addressed in both experimental research and diagnostics; nevertheless its symmetry‐related aspects receive little attention. This article introduces a technique allowing to estimate nuclear shape asymmetry in digital images captured from cyto‐ or histological preparations. Implemented in a software package, this technique quantifies the asymmetry using two scenarios. The first one presumes the identification of nuclear pixels laying outside the largest inscribed circle. According to the second scenario, the algorithm searches for nuclear pixels lacking pixel‐partners symmetric with respect to the nuclear area's centroid. In both cases, the proportion of “asymmetric” pixels is used to estimate the feature of interest. The technique was validated on images of cell nuclei having distinctive shape phenotypes. A conclusion was made that shape asymmetry feature may be useful accessory to the toolbox of nuclear morphometry. © 2014 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Simultaneous Classification of Multiple Motor Imagery and P300 for Increase in Output Information of Brain–Computer Interface
Authors: Naito Genzo , Yoshida Lui , Numata Takashi , Ogawa Yutaro , Kotani Kiyoshi , Jimbo Yasuhiko 
Published: December 2014

SUMMARYThe brain–computer interface (BCI) is a system to obtain information from brain signals to control computers. P300 and motor imagery tasks in electroencephalograms are the most used features for BCI. However, BCI with P300 classifies only two states and the features of the motor imagery task are too obscure to be classified easily. Therefore, we propose a method of increasing the number of classified states with high accuracy by mixed signal processing for P300 and motor imagery tasks. BCI using P300 and a motor imagery task will have a higher bit rate than conventional BCI. We design an experiment that gives four data classes, namely, control, P300, and P300 for motor imagery of the right hand or left hand. First, we confirm that P300 appears during motor imagery tasks. In addition, we investigate the best method of feature extraction. Finally, we classify four classes by means of multiclass support vector machines, and show the effectiveness of mixed signals that contain P300 and motor imagery.
Morphological and functional changes in regenerated primary afferent fibres following mental and inferior alveolar nerve transection
Authors: Tsuboi Y. , Honda K. , Bae Y.C. , Shinoda M. , Kondo M. , Katagiri A. , Echizenya S. , Kamakura S. , Lee J. , Iwata K. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundIt is important to know the mechanisms underlying pain abnormalities associated with inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) regeneration in order to develop the appropriate treatment for orofacial neuropathic pain patients. However, peripheral mechanisms underlying orofacial pain abnormalities following IAN regeneration are not fully understood.MethodsHead withdrawal threshold (HWT), jaw opening reflex (JOR) thresholds, single‐fibre recordings of the regenerated mental nerve (MN) fibres, calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP), isolectin B4 (IB4), peripherin, neurofilament‐200 (NF‐200) and transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) expression in trigeminal ganglion (TG) cells, and electron microscopic (EM) observations of the regenerated MN fibres were studied in MN‐ and IAN‐transected (M‐IANX) rats.ResultsHWT to mechanical or heat stimulation of the mental skin was significantly lower in M‐IANX rats compared with sham rats. Mean conduction velocity of action potentials recorded from MN fibres (n = 124) was significantly slower in M‐IANX rats compared with sham rats. The percentage of Fluoro‐Gold (FG)‐labelled CGRP‐, peripherin‐ or TRPV1‐immunoreactive (IR) cells was significantly larger in M‐IANX rats compared with that of sham rats, whereas that of FG‐labelled IB4‐ and NF‐200‐IR cells was significantly smaller in M‐IANX rats compared with sham rats. Large‐sized myelinated nerve fibres were rarely observed in M‐IANX rats, whereas large‐sized unmyelinated nerve fibres were frequently observed and were aggregated in the bundles at the distal portion of regenerated axons.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that the demyelination of MN fibres following regeneration may be involved in peripheral sensitization, resulting in the orofacial neuropathic pain associated with trigeminal nerve injury.
A meta‐analysis of reef island response to environmental change on the Great Barrier Reef
Authors: Hamylton Sarah M. , Puotinen Marji 
Published: December 2014

AbstractReef islands on the Great Barrier Reef are influenced by a range of environmental factors. A meta‐analysis of 103 islands is presented to express variation in island size (area and volume) as a function of latitudinal and cross shelf gradients in regional oceanographic factors (exposure to incident waves, tidal range and tropical cyclone frequency) and local physical factors (position on the shelf, area, length and depth of supporting reef platform, vegetative cover). Models performed well for unvegetated sandcays (R2 = 0.89), vegetated sandcays (R2 = 0·72) and low wooded islands (R2 = 0.78), with a moderate level of variation explained when all islands were simultaneously regressed (R2 = 0.58). Future island dynamics were simulated for anticipated changes in cyclone regime, wave activity and sea level. For 38 islands mapped on the 1973 Royal Society and Universities of Queensland Expedition to the Northern Great Barrier Reef, change over the same 22 year period (1973–1995) was determined and the relative magnitude of observed and modelled changes was compared and found to be consistent through rank correlation analysis (Γ = 0.84 for unvegetated sandcays, Γ = 0.81 for vegetated sandcays). Simulations of island area or volume change from 2000 to 2100 indicated that under a 30% decrease in tropical cyclone activity, unvegetated sandcays continue to accrete at a lower rate, whereas all island types erode under a 38% increase in tropical cyclone activity. Vegetated sandcays initially accrete at higher levels of cyclone activity, entering an erosive state with a 60% increase in activity. Low wooded islands are unresponsive to environmental changes modelled. A sensitivity analysis of vegetated and unvegetated sandcays indicated that the presence of vegetation increases the tropical cyclone activity threshold at which islands begin to erode. Greatest sedimentary losses occur within the central band of high cyclone activity between Cooktown and Mackay. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of a generalized linear mixed model to analyze mixture toxicity: Survival of brown trout affected by copper and zinc
Authors: Iwasaki Yuichi , Brinkman Stephen F. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

Increased concerns about the toxicity of chemical mixtures have led to greater emphasis on analyzing the interactions among the mixture components based on observed effects. The authors applied a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) to analyze survival of brown trout (Salmo trutta) acutely exposed to metal mixtures that contained copper and zinc. Compared with dominant conventional approaches based on an assumption of concentration addition and the concentration of a chemical that causes x% effect (ECx), the GLMM approach has 2 major advantages. First, binary response variables such as survival can be modeled without any transformations, and thus sample size can be taken into consideration. Second, the importance of the chemical interaction can be tested in a simple statistical manner. Through this application, the authors investigated whether the estimated concentration of the 2 metals binding to humic acid, which is assumed to be a proxy of nonspecific biotic ligand sites, provided a better prediction of survival effects than dissolved and free-ion concentrations of metals. The results suggest that the estimated concentration of metals binding to humic acid is a better predictor of survival effects, and thus the metal competition at the ligands could be an important mechanism responsible for effects of metal mixtures. Application of the GLMM (and the generalized linear model) presents an alternative or complementary approach to analyzing mixture toxicity. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:816–820. © 2015 SETAC
A modified lattice Boltzmann model for shallow water flows over complex topography
Authors: Li Shaotian , Huang Ping , Li Junmin 
Published: December 2014

SummaryA modified lattice Boltzmann model is proposed to describe shallow water flows over complex topography. In the proposed model, the quadratic depth term is excluded from the equilibrium distribution functions (EDFs), and the hydrostatic pressure term is combined with the bed slope term to be treated as a part of the sourcing term in the lattice Boltzmann equation (LBE). Therefore, it is unnecessary to match the coefficients of the quadratic depth term in the EDFs with those of the bed slope term in the sourcing terms in the LBE. This would bring more flexibility to the treatment of the sourcing terms in the LBE. In order to recover the shallow water equations (SWEs), the basic constraints are redefined, and under these constraints, the coefficients of the EDFs are derived afterwards. Several benchmark problems are used to validate the proposed model, including stationary case, steady flows over a two‐dimensional bump and tidal wave flows over irregular bed elevation. The computed results are in excellent agreement with the results of the other numerical methods and the analytical solutions, indicating that the proposed model is capable of simulating shallow water flows over complex bathymetry. It also proves that the proposed model has potential to produce competitive solutions to shallow water flows over complex bed topography. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Detection of Helicobacter pylori in patients with head and neck cancer: Results from a prospective comparative study combining serology, polymerase chain reaction, and rapid urease test
Authors: Morand Grégoire B. , Fellmann Jonas , Laske Roman D. , Weisert Jan U. , Soltermann Alex , Zbinden Reinhard , Probst Rudolf , Huber Gerhard F. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to evaluate prospectively the presence and impact of the gastric carcinogen Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in the upper aerodigestive tract. Previous studies suggested it could represent a risk factor for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).MethodsSerology, rapid urease test, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for H. pylori were performed in patients with head and neck cancer (N = 56) and cancer‐free controls (N = 90). Comparison between groups was done using logistic regression analysis.ResultsRates of positive serology and rapid urease test did not differ between the 2 groups in logistic regression analysis (p = .677 and p = .633, respectively). Birth in a developing country and age above 50 years old were predictors of positive serology (p < .001 and p = .040, respectively). Using qPCR, no biopsy showed the presence of H. pylori.ConclusionThis study challenges the concept that H. pylori may be a risk factor for HNSCC. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 769–774, 2016
Canopy transpiration obtained from leaf transpiration, sap flow and FAO‐56 dual crop coefficient method
Authors: Zhao Liwen , Zhao Wenzhi 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWith a maize seed planting area of about 67 000 hm2, Zhangye city supplies the seeds for more than 40% of the maize planting area in China. Irrigation water is often overused to ensure the quality of the maize seeds, leading to serious water shortage problems in recent years. An accurate and convenient estimate of canopy transpiration is of particular importance to ease the problem. In this paper, leaf transpiration and sap flow in a maize field were measured in 2012 using a portable photosynthesis system and a heat balance sap flow system. Based on a large amount of meteorological data and relevant maize plant‐growing parameters, canopy transpiration was up‐scaled from both leaf transpiration (Tl) and sap flow (Tf), and also calculated by the FAO‐56 dual crop coefficient method (T). Comparing these three types of transpiration, Tf was proved to be more reliable than Tl. Taking Tf as a benchmark, the basal crop coefficient (Kcb, the key parameter of FAO‐56 dual crop coefficient method) was further adjusted and verified for the maize plants in this region. In addition, the errors when using up‐scaling methods and FAO‐56 dual crop coefficient method are summarized. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.