bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ductal metaplasia in oesophageal submucosal glands is associated with inflammation and oesophageal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Garman Katherine S , Kruger Leandi , Thomas Samantha , Swiderska‐Syn Marzena , Moser Barry K , Diehl Anna Mae , McCall Shannon J 
Published: April 2015

AimsRecent studies have suggested that oesophageal submucosal gland (ESMG) ducts harbour progenitor cells that may contribute to oesophageal metaplasia. Our objective was to determine whether histological differences exist between the ESMGs of individuals with and without oesophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC).Methods and resultsWe performed histological assessment of 343 unique ESMGs from 30 control patients, 24 patients with treatment‐naïve high‐grade columnar dysplasia (HGD) or EAC, and 23 non‐EAC oesophagectomy cases. A gastrointestinal pathologist assessed haematoxylin and eosin‐stained ESMG images by using a scoring system that assigns individual ESMG acini to five histological types (mucous, serous, oncocytic, dilated, or ductal metaplastic). In our model, ductal metaplastic acini were more common in patients with HGD/EAC (12.7%) than in controls (3.5%) (P = 0.006). We also identified greater proportions of acini with dilation (21.9%, P < 0.001) and, to a lesser extent, ductal metaplasia (4.3%, P = 0.001) in non‐EAC oesophagectomy cases than in controls. Ductal metaplasia tended to occur in areas of mucosal ulceration or tumour.ConclusionsWe found a clear association between ductal metaplastic ESMG acini and HGD/EAC. Non‐EAC cases had dilated acini and some ductal dilation. Because ESMGs and ducts harbour putative progenitor cells, these associations could have significance for understanding the pathogenesis of EAC.
Expression pattern of key microRNAs in patients with newly diagnosed chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase
Authors: Fallah P. , Amirizadeh N. , Poopak B. , Toogeh G. , Arefian E. , Kohram F. , Hosseini Rad S. M. A. , Kohram M. , Teimori Naghadeh H. , Soleimani M. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryIntroductionChronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is caused by reciprocal translocation in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). This translocation forms the BCR‐ABL1 oncogene, which alters several signaling pathways that control malignancy. CML has three phases: chronic, accelerated, and blast crisis. The microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are noncoding RNAs that downregulate their target gene by targeting 3′ UTR of mRNA or through translational inhibition. It has been shown that miRNAs regulate many biological processes, and dysregulation of these regulatory RNAs is involved in disease development, particularly in cancer. The important role of miRNAs as therapeutic agents and biomarkers has been demonstrated in CML patients at different phases of the disease.MethodsStem‐loop reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to characterize differentially expressed miRNAs of leukocytes in the peripheral blood of 50 newly diagnosed CML patients in chronic phase.ResultsSome onco‐miRNAs were found to be downregulated (miR‐155 and miR‐106), and some tumor suppressor miRs (miR‐16‐1, miR‐15a, miR‐101, miR‐568) were upregulated.ConclusionThese results show that very few miRNAs alone would be good candidates for CML diagnosis independently of conflicting results, but together could be an additional tool for CML diagnosis. Moreover, miRNAs might be good candidates for prognosis prediction and CML therapy.
International Survey of Acute Stroke Imaging Used to Make Revascularization Treatment Decisions
Authors: Wintermark Max , Luby Marie , Bornstein Natan M. , Demchuk Andrew , Fiehler Jens , Kudo Kohsuke , Lees Kennedy R. , Liebeskind David S. , Michel Patrik , Nogueira Raul G. , Parsons Mark W. , Sasaki Makoto , Wardlaw Joanna M. , Wu Ona , Zhang Weiwei , Zhu Guangming , Warach Steven J. 
Published: April 2015

Background To assess the differences across continental regions in terms of stroke imaging obtained for making acute revascularization therapy decisions, and to identify obstacles to participating in randomized trials involving multimodal imaging. Methods STroke Imaging Repository (STIR) and Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive (VISTA)-Imaging circulated an online survey through its website, through the websites of national professional societies from multiple countries as well as through email distribution lists from STIR and the above mentioned societies. Results We received responses from 223 centers (2 from Africa, 38 from Asia, 10 from Australia, 101 from Europe, 4 from Middle East, 55 from North America, 13 from South America). In combination, the sites surveyed administered acute revascularization therapy to a total of 25 326 acute stroke patients in 2012. Seventy-three percent of these patients received intravenous (IV) tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), and 27%, endovascular therapy. Vascular imaging was routinely obtained in 79% (152/193) of sites for endovascular therapy decisions, and also as part of standard IV tPA treatment decisions at 46% (92/198) of sites. Modality, availability and use of acute vascular and perfusion imaging before revascularization varied substantially between geographical areas. The main obstacles to participate in randomized trials involving multimodal imaging included: mainly insufficient research support and staff (50%, 79/158) and infrequent use of multimodal imaging (27%, 43/158). Conclusion There were significant variations among sites and geographical areas in terms of stroke imaging work-up used to make decisions both for intravenous and endovascular revascularization. Clinical trials using advanced imaging as a selection tool for acute revascularization therapy should address the need for additional resources and technical support, and take into consideration the lack of routine use of such techniques in trial planning.
Overview of shorthand medical glossary (OMG) study
Authors: Politis J. , Lau S. , Yeoh J. , Brand C. , Russell D. , Liew D. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundShorthand is commonplace in clinical notation. While many abbreviations are standard and widely accepted, an increasing number are non‐standard and/or unrecognisable.AimWe sought to describe the frequency of inappropriate and ambiguous shorthand in discharge summaries.MethodsEighty electronic discharge summaries from the four General Medical Units at the Royal Melbourne Hospital were randomly extracted from the hospital's electronic records. Extraction was stratified by the four units and by the four quarters between July 2012 and June 2013. All abbreviations were assigned into one of four categories according to appropriateness: 1. ‘Universally accepted and understood even without context’; 2. ‘Understood when in context’; 3. ‘Understood but inappropriate and/or ambiguous’; and 4. ‘Unknown’. These categories were determined by the authors, which included junior and senior medical staff.ResultsThe 80 discharge summaries contained 840 different abbreviations used on 6269 occasions. Of all words, 20.1% were abbreviations. Of the 6269 occasions of shorthand, 6.8% were categorised as ‘Understood but inappropriate and/or ambiguous’ or ‘Unknown’ (category 3 or 4), equating to 1.4% of all words, and an average of 5.4 words per discharge summary.ConclusionAbbreviations are common in electronic discharge summaries, occurring at a frequency of one in five words. While the majority of shorthand used seems to be appropriate, the use of inappropriate, ambiguous or unknown shorthand is still frequent. This has implications for safe and effective patient care and highlights the need for better awareness and education regarding use of shorthand in clinical notation.
Potential role of coenzyme Q10 in facilitating recovery from statin‐induced rhabdomyolysis
Authors: Wang L. W. , Jabbour A. , Hayward C. S. , Furlong T. J. , Girgis L. , Macdonald P. S. , Keogh A. M. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractRhabdomyolysis is a rare, but serious complication of statin therapy, and represents the most severe end of the spectrum of statin‐induced myotoxicity. We report a case where coenzyme Q10 facilitated recovery from statin‐induced rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure, which had initially persisted despite statin cessation and haemodialysis. This observation is biologically plausible due to the recognised importance of coenzyme Q10 in mitochondrial bioenergetics within myocytes, and the fact that statins inhibit farnesyl pyrophosphate production, a biochemical step crucial for coenzyme Q10 synthesis. Coenzyme Q10 is generally well tolerated, and may potentially benefit patients with statin‐induced rhabdomyolysis.
Hierarchical spatial patterns in Caribbean reef benthic assemblages
Authors: Williams Stacey M. , Chollett Iliana , Roff George , Cortés Jorge , Dryden Charlie S. , Mumby Peter J. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAimCoral assemblages on Caribbean reefs have largely been considered to be biogeographically homogeneous at a regional scale. We reassess this in three taxa (corals, sponges and octocorals) using three community attributes with increasing levels of information (species richness, composition and relative abundance) across hierarchical spatial scales, and identify the key environmental drivers associated with this variation.LocationCaribbean Basin.MethodsWe assessed reefs along 546 transects positioned within the same forereef habitat (Orbicella reef) in 11 countries, using a consistent methodology and surveyors. Spatial variability in richness, composition and relative abundance was assessed at four hierarchical spatial scales – transects (metres), sites (kilometres), areas (tens of kilometres) and regions (hundreds of kilometres) – using permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA). The relevance of contemporary environmental factors in explaining the observed spatial patterns was also assessed using PERMANOVA.ResultsConsistent with previous studies, species richness of coral assemblages, commonly the focus of biogeographical studies, showed little variance at large spatial scales. In contrast, species composition and relative abundance showed significant variability at regional scales. Coral, sponge and octocoral assemblages each varied independently across spatial scales. Rugosity and wave exposure were key drivers of the composition and relative abundance of coral and octocoral assemblages.Main conclusionsCaribbean reef assemblages exhibit considerable biogeographical variability at broad spatial scales (hundreds of kilometres) when more responsive community attributes were used. However, the high degree of variability within sites (kilometres) highlights the relevance of local ecological drivers such as rugosity and wave exposure in structuring assemblages. The high levels of within‐site variability that is not explained by environmental variables may suggest a previously unrealized contribution of anthropogenic disturbance operating at local scales throughout the region.
Molecular detection of Cotesia vestalis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in the beet webworm Loxostege sticticalis L. (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)
Authors: Malysh J. M. , Kazartsev I. A. , Frolov A. N. , Zverev A. A. , Tokarev Y. S. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractGenomic DNA samples from larvae of the beet webworm Loxostege sticticalis collected in the south‐western Russia were used to amplify mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase unit I (COI) gene. In a small proportion of samples, the sequenced product showed considerable heterogeneity due to admixture of a minor sequence. A preliminary BLAST analysis of a 100‐bp‐long fragment of this minor sequence showed its maximal similarity to the COI gene region of Cotesia, a genus of braconid larval endoparasitoids of Lepidoptera. An additional primer was designed to specifically amplify ca 300 bp of the COI gene region from Braconidae. As many as seven of 25 samples were positive by PCR. Sequencing of the amplified products in all these samples showed nucleotide sequence identity to the COI region of Cotesia vestalis (Cotesia plutellae) and the presence of two molecular haplotypes among individual parasitoid samples.
Use of failure mode, effect and criticality analysis to improve safety in the medication administration process
Authors: Rodriguez‐Gonzalez Carmen Guadalupe , Martin‐Barbero Maria Luisa , Herranz‐Alonso Ana , Durango‐Limarquez Maria Isabel , Hernandez‐Sampelayo Paloma , Sanjurjo‐Saez Maria ,   iPharma
Published: April 2015

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesTo critically evaluate the causes of preventable adverse drug events during the nurse medication administration process in inpatient units with computerized prescription order entry and profiled automated dispensing cabinets in order to prioritize interventions that need to be implemented and to evaluate the impact of specific interventions on the criticality index.MethodsThis is a failure mode, effects and criticality analysis (FMECA) study. A multidisciplinary consensus committee composed of pharmacists, nurses and doctors evaluated the process of administering medications in a hospital setting in Spain. By analysing the process, all failure modes were identified and criticality was determined by rating severity, frequency and likelihood of failure detection on a scale of 1 to 10, using adapted versions of already published scales. Safety strategies were identified and prioritized.ResultsThrough consensus, the committee identified eight processes and 40 failure modes, of which 20 were classified as high risk. The sum of the criticality indices was 5254. For the potential high‐risk failure modes, 21 different potential causes were found resulting in 24 recommendations. Thirteen recommendations were prioritized and developed over a 24‐month period, reducing total criticality from 5254 to 3572 (a 32.0% reduction). The recommendations with a greater impact on criticality were the development of an electronic medication administration record (−582) and the standardization of intravenous drug compounding in the unit (−168). Other improvements, such as barcode medication administration technology (−1033), were scheduled for a longer period of time because of lower feasibility.ConclusionFMECA is a useful approach that can improve the medication administration process.
Diabetes self‐management education is not associated with a reduction in long‐term diabetes complications: an effectiveness study in an elderly population
Authors: Shah Baiju R. , Hwee Jeremiah , Cauch‐Dudek Karen , Ng Ryan , Victor J. Charles 
Published: April 2015

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesThe efficacy of diabetes self‐management education on glycaemic control, self‐care behaviour and knowledge has been established by short‐term studies in experimental settings. The objective of this study was to assess its effectiveness to improve quality of care and reduce the risk of long‐term diabetes complications in unselected older patients with recently diagnosed diabetes in routine clinical care.MethodsUsing population‐level health care administrative databases and registries, all patients aged ≥66 years in Ontario, Canada with diabetes for <5 years were identified. Self‐management education programme attendees (n = 8485) in 2006 were matched with non‐attendees using high‐dimensional propensity scores, creating extremely well‐balanced study arms. Quality of care measures and the long‐term risk of diabetes complications were compared.ResultsSelf‐management programme attendees were more likely than non‐attendees to achieve process measures of quality of care such as retinal screening examinations (75.3% versus 70.3%, adjusted relative risk 1.05, 99% confidence interval 1.03–1.08), and ≥2 glycated haemoglobin tests (57.5% versus 53.3%, adjusted relative risk 1.08, 99% confidence interval 1.05–1.11). However, with a median follow‐up of 5.3 years, diabetes complications and mortality were not different between arms.ConclusionsIn real‐world clinical care, self‐management education for older patients with recently diagnosed diabetes was associated with modest improvements in quality of care, but no reductions in long‐term clinical events.
Therapeutic roles of carbon monoxide in intestinal ischemia‐reperfusion injury
Authors: Katada Kazuhiro , Takagi Tomohisa , Uchiyama Kazuhiko , Naito Yuji 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIntestinal ischemia‐reperfusion (I‐R) injury is a complex, multifactorial, pathophysiological process with high morbidity and mortality, leading to serious difficulty in treatment. The mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of intestinal I‐R injury have been examined in detail and various therapeutic approaches for intestinal I‐R injury have been developed; however, existing circumstances have not yet led to a dramatic change of treatment. Carbon monoxide (CO), one of the by‐products of heme degradation by heme oxygenase (HO), is considered as a candidate for treatment of intestinal I‐R injury and indeed HO‐1‐derived endogenous CO and exogenous CO play a pivotal role in protecting the gastrointestinal tract from intestinal I‐R injury. Interestingly, anti‐inflammatory effects of CO have been elucidated sufficiently in various cell types including endothelial cells, circulating leukocytes, macrophages, lymphocytes, epithelial cells, fibroblast, organ‐specific cells, and immune‐presenting cells. In this review, we herein focus on the therapeutic roles of CO in intestinal I‐R injury and the cell‐specific anti‐inflammatory effects of CO, clearly demonstrating future therapeutic strategies of CO for treating intestine I‐R injury.
Inflammatory bowel disease pathogenesis: Where are we?
Authors: Fiocchi Claudio 
Published: April 2015

AbstractInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is presently one of the most investigated human disorders. Expansion of knowledge of its pathophysiology has helped in developing novel medications to combat gut inflammation with a considerably degree of success. Despite this progress, much more remains to be done in regard to gaining a more profound understanding of IBD pathogenesis, detecting inflammation before it clinically manifests, implementing lifestyle modifications, and developing agents that can modify the natural course of the disease. One of the limitations to achieve these goals is the lack of integration of the major components of IBD pathogenesis, that is the exposome, the genome, the gut microbiome, and the immunome. An “IBD integrome” approach that takes advantage of all functional information derived from the detailed investigation of each single pathogenic component through the use of systems biology may offer the solution to understand IBD and cure it.
Surveillance of short‐segment Barrett's esophagus using ultrathin transnasal endoscopy
Authors: Sugimoto Hiroko , Kawai Takashi , Naito Sakiko , Yanagizawa Kyosuke , Yamagishi Tetsuya , Fukuzawa Masakatsu , Yagi Kenji , Matsubayashi Jun , Nagao Toshitaka , Tomiyama Hirofumi , Hoshino Sumito , Tsuchida Akihiko , Moriyasu Fuminori 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackground and AimNewly developed ultrathin transnasal endoscope, the GIF‐XP290N, makes possible a resolving power similar to the GIF‐H260 at a distance of 3 mm. We conducted surveillance of subjects with Barrett's esophagus using this ultrathin transnasal endoscopy. In Japan the lower margin of the lower esophageal palisade vessels is defined the gastroesophageal junction in deep inspiration. We diagnose Barrett's esophagus if columnar epithelium is present on the oral side of the gastroesophageal junction.Methods and ResultsBarrett's esophagus was confirmed in 116 out of 135 subjects (85.9%), with 17 cases of short‐segment Barrett's esophagus (SSBE) and 99 of ultra‐short‐segment Barrett's esophagus. Close observation of the Barrett's esophagus mucosal structural pattern using narrow band imaging revealed 29 cases with an oval or round pattern, 29 with a long straight pattern, 47 with a villous pattern, 8 with a cerebriform pattern, and 6 with an irregular pattern according to Goda classification. Mucosal biopsies from all subjects with SSBE are examined. Histological examination revealed intestinal metaplasia in only eight subjects. We grouped the oval/round and long straight patterns as closed type, and the villous, cerebriform, and irregular patterns as open type. Analysis of the relationship between these mucosal patterns and background factors revealed a significant correlation between intestinal metaplasia and the open‐type pattern.ConclusionWe consider this new ultrathin transnasal endoscopy to be a useful technique for surveillance of Barrett's esophagus, especially SSBE.
Parent stress across molecular subtypes of children with Angelman syndrome
Authors: Miodrag N. , Peters S. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundParenting stress has been consistently reported among parents of children with developmental disabilities. However, to date, no studies have investigated the impact of a molecular subtype of Angelman syndrome (AS) on parent stress, despite distinct phenotypic differences among subtypes.MethodData for 124 families of children with three subtypes of AS: class I and II deletions (n = 99), imprinting centre defects (IC defects; n = 11) and paternal uniparental disomy (UPD; n = 14) were drawn from the AS Rare Diseases Clinical Research Network (RDCRN) database and collected from five research sites across the Unites States. The AS study at the RDCRN gathered health information to understand how the syndrome develops and how to treat it. Parents completed questionnaires on their perceived psychological stress, the severity of children's aberrant behaviour and children's sleep patterns. Children's adaptive functioning and developmental levels were clinically evaluated.ResultsChild‐related stress reached clinical levels for 40% of parents of children with deletions, 100% for IC defects and 64.3% for UPD. Sleep difficulties were similar and elevated across subtypes. There were no differences between molecular subtypes for overall child and parent‐related stress. However, results showed greater isolation and lack of perceived parenting skills for parents of children with UPD compared with deletions. Better overall cognition for children with deletions was significantly related to more child‐related stress while their poorer adaptive functioning was associated with more child‐related stress. For all three groups, the severity of children's inappropriate behaviour was positively related to different aspects of stress.ConclusionsHow parents react to stress depends, in part, on children's AS molecular subtype. Despite falling under the larger umbrella term of AS, it is important to acknowledge the unique aspects associated with children's molecular subtype. Identifying these factors can lead to tailored interventions that fit the particular needs of families of children with different AS subtypes.