bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adenosine receptors and muscarinic receptors cooperate in acetylcholine release modulation in the neuromuscular synapse
Authors: Santafe M. M. , Priego M. , Obis T. , Garcia N. , Tomàs M. , Lanuza M. A. , Tomàs J. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAdenosine receptors (ARs) are present in the motor terminals at the mouse neuromuscular junction. ARs and the presynaptic muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) share the functional control of the neuromuscular junction. We analysed their mutual interaction in transmitter release modulation. In electrophysiological experiments with unaltered synaptic transmission (muscles paralysed by blocking the voltage‐dependent sodium channel of the muscle cells with μ‐conotoxin GIIIB), we found that: (i) a collaborative action between different AR subtypes reduced synaptic depression at a moderate activity level (40 Hz); (ii) at high activity levels (100 Hz), endogenous adenosine production in the synaptic cleft was sufficient to reduce depression through A1‐type receptors (A1Rs) and A2A‐type receptors (A2ARs); (iii) when the non‐metabolizable 2‐chloroadenosine (CADO) agonist was used, both the quantal content and depression were reduced; (iv) the protective effect of CADO on depression was mediated by A1Rs, whereas A2ARs seemed to modulate A1Rs; (v) ARs and mAChRs absolutely depended upon each other for the modulation of evoked and spontaneous acetylcholine release in basal conditions and in experimental conditions with CADO stimulation; (vi) the purinergic and muscarinic mechanisms cooperated in the control of depression by sharing a common pathway although the purinergic control was more powerful than the muscarinic control; and (vii) the imbalance of the ARs created by using subtype‐selective and non‐selective inhibitory and stimulatory agents uncoupled protein kinase C from evoked transmitter release. In summary, ARs (A1Rs, A2ARs) and mAChRs (M1, M2) cooperated in the control of activity‐dependent synaptic depression and may share a common protein kinase C pathway.
Co‐Parent Court: A Problem‐Solving Court Model for Supporting Unmarried Parents
Authors: Marczak Mary S. , Galos Dylan L. , Hardman Alisha M. , Becher Emily H. , Ruhland Ebony , Olson Kjersti A. 
Published: April 2015

Co‐Parent Court is an innovative problem solving court in Hennepin County, Minnesota, which seeks to better meet the needs of unmarried co‐parents who are establishing paternity. A 3 year, mixed method quasi‐experimental design evaluation study was conducted on the outcomes of participation in Co‐Parent Court with data collected at pre, post and follow‐up. Outcomes examined for this article included child support payments and measures assessing attitudes about the importance of the role of fathers in a child's life. Findings included that child‐support payments across groups was connected to a father's ability to pay at pre‐survey and that a majority of both fathers and mothers reported that a father's involvement in the lives of his children went beyond an ability to pay child support.
Key Points for the Family Court Community
Courts‐Community agencies partnering to build a quality program for unmarried parents and their children.
What types of community agencies are critical to provide a network of support for young, under‐resourced, unmarried parents?
What does it take to get unmarried parents to complete a multi‐component intervention (education, case management and agreed upon parenting plan)?
Regulation of NGF‐driven neurite outgrowth by Ins(1,4,5)P3 kinase is specifically associated with the two isoenzymes Itpka and Itpkb in a model of PC12 cells
Authors: Koenig Sandra , Moreau Colette , Dupont Geneviève , Scoumanne Ariane , Erneux Christophe 
Published: April 2015

Four inositol phosphate kinases catalyze phosphorylation of the second messenger inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate [Ins(1,4,5)P3] to inositol 1,3,4,5‐tetrakisphosphate [Ins(1,3,4,5)P4]: these enzymes comprise three isoenzymes of inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate 3‐kinase (Itpk), referred to as Itpka, Itpkb and Itpkc, and the inositol polyphosphate multikinase (IPMK). The four enzymes that act on Ins(1,4,5)P3 are all expressed in rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells, a model that is used to study neurite outgrowth induced by nerve growth factor (NGF). We compared the effect of over‐expression of the four GFP‐tagged kinases on NGF‐induced neurite outgrowth. Our data show that over‐expression of the Itpka and Itpkb isoforms inhibits NGF‐induced neurite outgrowth, but over‐expression of Itpkc and IPMK does not. Surprisingly, over‐expression of the N‐terminal F‐actin binding domain of Itpka, which lacks catalytic activity, was as effective at inhibiting neurite outgrowth as the full‐length enzyme. Neurite length was also significantly decreased in cells over‐expressing Itpka and Itpkb but not Itpkc or IPMK. This result did not depend on the over‐expression level of any of the kinases. PC12 cells over‐expressing GFP‐tagged kinase‐dead mutants Itpka/b have shorter neurites than GFP control cells. The decrease in neurite length was never as pronounced as observed with wild‐type GFP‐tagged Itpka/b. Finally, the percentage of neurite‐bearing cells was increased in cells over‐expressing the membranous type I Ins(1,4,5)P3 5‐phosphatase. We conclude that Itpka and Itpkb inhibit neurite outgrowth through both F‐actin binding and localized Ins(1,4,5)P3 3‐kinase activity. Itpkc and IPMK do not influence neurite outgrowth or neurite length in this model.
Association of RAMP1 rs7590387 With the Risk of Migraine Transformation Into Medication Overuse Headache
Authors: Cargnin Sarah , Pautasso Chiara , Viana Michele , Sances Grazia , Mittino Daniela , Cantello Roberto , Tassorelli Cristina , Nappi Giuseppe , Terrazzino Salvatore 
Published: April 2015

Objectives/BackgroundWe herein investigated the role of polymorphisms in calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP)‐related genes looking at the association of rs3781719 (T > C) in the calcitonin gene‐related polypeptide‐alpha (CALCA) gene and of rs3754701 (T > A) and rs7590387 (C > G) at the receptor activity modifying 1 (RAMP1) locus with triptan response in patients with migraine without aura (MwoA). In addition, their role was evaluated as risk factors for transformation of episodic migraine into medication overuse headache (MOH). The CGRP has a central role in the pathogenesis of migraine; however, little information is currently available concerning the role of polymorphisms in CGRP‐related genes as determinants of clinical response to anti‐migraine drugs or as risk factors for migraine chronification.MethodsGenotyping was conducted retrospectively by real‐time polymerase chain reaction allelic discrimination assay in 219 patients with MwoA and 130 with MOH in whom migraine was the primary headache type. Gene variants association was evaluated by logistic regression analysis adjusted by confounding factors. The threshold of statistical significance was set according to the total number of polymorphisms analyzed in the current study and in previous publications arising from overlapping datasets.ResultsNo evidence of association was found between the three polymorphisms tested and triptan response in MwoA patients. Conversely, carriers of RAMP1 rs7590387GG displayed a lower risk of episodic migraine transformation into MOH (vs C allele carriers, odds ratio [OR]: 0.27, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.13‐0.57, P = 0.0002; threshold of significance set at P < 0.0029). When genotype distribution for RAMP1 rs7590387 was compared between healthy controls (n = 209) and MOH patients, carriers of rs7590387GG were found at lower risk of developing MOH (OR: 0.43, 95%CI: 0.22‐0.85, P = 0.011).ConclusionThese results suggest that RAMP1 rs7590387 may have a role in the transformation of episodic migraine into MOH.
Application of talcum powder, trichloroacetic acid and silver nitrate in female rats for non‐surgical sterilization: evaluation of the apoptotic pathway mRNA and miRNA genes
Authors: Yumrutas Onder , Kara Murat , Atilgan Remzi , Kavak Salih Burcin , Bozgeyik Ibrahim , Sapmaz Ekrem 
Published: April 2015

SummaryThere are several methods used for non‐surgical sterilization in birth control including quinacrine, trichloroacetic acid (TCA), erythromycin, tetracycline, silver nitrate and talcum powder. Among these, talcum powder, TCA and silver nitrate are the most commonly used. However, the toxic and carcinogenic activities of these chemicals in ovarian tissue have been poorly elucidated. This study demonstrates the expression levels of antioxidant, apoptotic and anti‐apoptotic genes after administration of talc powder, TCA and silver nitrate for non‐surgical sterilization in female rat models. The expression changes of some microRNAs (miR‐15b, miR‐21, miR‐34a and miR‐98) that play key roles in the apoptosis pathway were also included. All expression analyses were evaluated with real‐time PCR. The expression levels of all genes appeared to be upregulated in the talcum powder group, but the results were not statistically significant. Increased expression of Gsr and Sod1 genes was statistically significant in the talcum powder group. In TCA and silver nitrate group, expression of all genes was appeared to be elevated but only the Gsr expression was statistically significant in the TCA‐administrated group; there were no statistically significant changes in the silver nitrate group. miRNA expression levels were increased in talcum powder and TCA‐administrated groups, but these results were not significant. Expression levels of miR‐15b, miR‐21 and miR‐98 in the silver nitrate group were significantly increased. Consequently, these chemicals appear to be non‐carcinogenic agents for rat ovarian tissue which do not induce apoptosis. However, talcum powder and TCA can be considered as agents that are toxic to ovarian tissue.
Comparative impact of continent and incontinent urinary diversion on long‐term renal function after radical cystectomy in patients with preoperative chronic kidney disease 2 and chronic kidney disease 3a
Authors: Gershman Boris , Eisenberg Manuel S , Thompson R Houston , Frank Igor , Kaushik Dharam , Tarrell Robert , Thapa Prabin , Boorjian Stephen A 
Published: April 2015

ObjectivesTo evaluate the differences in estimated glomerular filtration rate decline by urinary diversion type (incontinent diversion vs continent diversion) and preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate among patients undergoing radical cystectomy and urinary diversion.MethodsWe evaluated 1383 patients treated with radical cystectomy between 1980–2006 who had a preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate of 45‐89 mL/min/1.73 m2. Estimated glomerular filtration rate was estimated using Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equations, and patients were stratified by preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate into chronic kidney disease 2 (estimated glomerular filtration rate 60–89 mL/min/1.73 m2) and chronic kidney disease 3a (estimated glomerular filtration rate 45–59 mL/min/1.73 m2). Multiple definitions of estimated glomerular filtration rate decline were evaluated: (i) 10‐point decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate; (ii) 20% decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate; and (iii) 10% decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate. Time to estimated glomerular filtration rate decline was compared using the Kaplan–Meier method stratified by diversion type. Cox regression models were used to evaluate the association of diversion type with estimated glomerular filtration rate decline risk.ResultsIn total, 74% (1021/1383) of patients underwent incontinent diversion and 26% (362/1383) underwent continent diversion. Preoperative chronic kidney disease 2 and chronic kidney disease 3a were noted among 59% and 41% of patients who underwent incontinent diversion, versus 74% and 26% with continent diversion. Median follow up after RC was 11.2 years. The rate of estimated glomerular filtration rate decline in patients with incontinent diversion versus continent diversion was similar when stratified by preoperative chronic kidney disease 2 and preoperative chronic kidney disease 3a, regardless of estimated glomerular filtration rate decline definition. On multivariable analysis, continent diversion was not associated with estimated glomerular filtration rate decline for patients with preoperative chronic kidney disease 3a.ConclusionsThe risk of estimated glomerular filtration rate decline over 10 years was not significantly different after incontinent diversion versus continent diversion among patients with preoperative chronic kidney disease 2 or chronic kidney disease 3a. Continent diversion does not appear to confer an independently increased risk of estimated glomerular filtration rate decline in patients with preoperative chronic kidney disease 3a.
Influence of patient education on morbidity caused by ureteral stents
Authors: Abt Dominik , Warzinek Elisabeth , Schmid Hans‐Peter , Haile Sarah Roberta , Engeler Daniel Stephan 
Published: April 2015

ObjectivesTo investigate the influence of patient education on symptoms and problems caused by ureteral stents.MethodsThe German version of the Ureteral Stent Symptom Questionnaire was completed by 74 patients with unilateral inserted indwelling stents. Additionally, six self‐developed questions regarding type and quality of patient education on pain, urinary symptoms, hematuria, activities permitted, stent function and overall patient education were answered. Correlations between questionnaires, subscores and single items, and the influence on economic aspects were analyzed.ResultsAdjusting for age, sex, intravesical stent length, stent indwelling time, use of analgesics and an alpha‐blocker, the correlation between the Ureteral Stent Symptom Questionnaire and self‐developed questions was –0.40 (95% CI –0.58, –0.19, P < 0.001). The following subscores and items showed a statistically significant correlation with quality of patient education after correction for multiple testing: Ureteral Stent Symptom Questionnaire total score, urinary symptoms subscore, U6, U10, G3, G4 and GQ. No relevant influence of patient education on economic aspects was found.ConclusionHigh‐quality patient education on ureteral stent‐related symptoms is highly advisable, as it has the potential to reduce these symptoms. However, the influence of information on the incidence and extent of potential problems seems to be limited. A much better approach would be to develop better designed devices and more convenient stent‐free procedures.
Autonomy and dependence: a discussion paper on decision‐making in teenagers and young adults undergoing cancer treatment
Authors: Davies Jane , Kelly Daniel , Hannigan Ben 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAimA discussion which aims to explore the diversity of decision‐making during teenage and young adult cancer treatment. The discussion will be related to the concepts of autonomy, dependence and decision‐making in this age group.BackgroundThe experience of cancer involves a significant series of treatment decisions. However, other non‐treatment decisions also have to be made which can relate to any aspect of everyday life. These decisions occur against the backdrop of young people's disease experience.DesignDiscussion paper.Data sourcesA literature search for the period 1990–2013 was undertaken. This included searching the following databases: Cumulative Index for Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), SCOPUS, Medline, DARE, Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts (ASSIA), (Psych Info) and The Cochrane Library.Implications for nursingThere is a lack of evidence into the experience of everyday decisions made by young people during cancer treatment. This may affect them in the form of unmet needs that nurses, or other professionals, fail to appreciate.ConclusionFurther exploration of how teenagers and young adults experience the range and process of decision‐making during cancer treatment could be useful in helping to provide effective supportive care for this age group.
Phenotypic and genetic variation in longevity of Polish Landrace sows
Authors: Sobczyńska M. , Blicharski T. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryThe influence of some production traits on the longevity of Polish Landrace sows was evaluated using survival analysis. Estimates of genetic parameters were obtained from the sire and animal components in linear and survival methodologies. Comparison between survival and linear models was based on heritabilities and ranking of estimated breeding values of sires. The same data set, 13 031 sows, was used for both methodologies, even in the presence of censored observations. The effects of herd*year and year*season of the first farrowing had the largest influence on the risk of culling of sows. Sows born in spring season (March–May) had a 24% (p < 0.001) lower hazard for removal than those born in winter (December–February). The age at first farrowing had a small but significant effect on culling: the hazard regression coefficient for this trait was 0.002 per day. Sows that had more piglets born alive and fewer stillborn in the first litter had a decreased risk of being culled. Within a contemporary group, slower growing gilts had decreased removal risk. The relative risk ratios show a marginal decreased rate of culling for sows with backfat thickness between 9.5 and 11 mm compared to the leaner sows. Loin depth had no effect on sow longevity. Heritability estimates ranged from 0.09 to 0.38 depending on the model and type of analysis. In survival analysis, all heritabilities for longevity were higher when analysed with sire models (0.21 and 0.38) compared to animal models (0.09 and 0.16). The use of animal or sire models in the linear analysis gave similar heritability estimates (0.12 and 0.10). Correlations between breeding values for sires were moderate and high, with absolute values from 0.51 to 0.99, depending on the model fitted and methodology. A stronger correlations within methodologies (0.83–0.99) than within models with different methodologies (0.51–0.63) were obtained.
Clinical Structural Anatomy of the Inferior Pyramidal Space Reconstructed Within the Cardiac Contour Using Multidetector‐Row Computed Tomography
Authors: MORI SHUMPEI , FUKUZAWA KOJI , TAKAYA TOMOFUMI , TAKAMINE SACHIKO , ITO TATSURO , FUJIWARA SEI , NISHII TATSUYA , KONO ATSUSHI K. , YOSHIDA AKIHIRO , HIRATA KEN‐ICHI 
Published: April 2015

Clinical Anatomy of the Inferior Pyramidal SpaceAlthough many studies have described the detailed anatomy of the inferior pyramidal space, it may not be easy for cardiologists who have few chances to study cadaveric hearts to understand the correct morphology of the structure. The inferior pyramidal space is the part of extracardiac fibro‐adipose tissue wedging between the 4 cardiac chambers from the diaphragmatic surface of the heart. Many cardiologists have interests in pericardial adipose tissue, but the inferior pyramidal space seems to have been neglected. A number of important structures, including the coronary sinus, atrioventricular node, atrioventricular nodal artery, membranous septum, muscular atrioventricular sandwich (previously called the “muscular atrioventricular septum”), atrial septum, ventricular septum, aortic valvar complex, mitral valvar attachment, and tricuspid valvar attachment are associated with the inferior pyramidal space. We previously revealed its 3‐dimensional live anatomy using multidetector‐row computed tomography. Moreover, the 3‐dimensional understanding of the anatomy in association with the cardiac contour is important from the viewpoints of clinical cardiac electrophysiology. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate extended findings regarding the clinical structural anatomy of the inferior pyramidal space, which was reconstructed in combination with the cardiac contour using multidetector‐row computed tomography, and discuss the clinical implications of the findings.
A multiple PCR‐LDR assay for identification of two invasive cryptic species of whiteflies Bemisia tabaci
Authors: Wang H. , Guo J. , Qi L. , Li K. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe MEAM1 and MED species of the cryptic species complex Bemisia tabaci are important invasive pests that cause tremendous crop losses worldwide. A rapid and highly reliable molecular technique is necessary to identify these species because they are morphologically indistinguishable. Therefore, a multiple polymerase chain reaction coupled with a ligase detection reaction (PCR‐LDR) that was based on polymorphisms in the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (mtCOI) gene of B. tabaci was developed to distinguish the two cryptic species. An assessment of the method indicated that PCR‐LDR provided high specificity and sensitivity in discriminating MEAM1 (SHB) and MED (SHQ) whiteflies. In field tests, PCR‐LDR genotyping was performed in one 96‐well plate to identify 93 individuals collected from 8 districts in the suburbs of Shanghai. Complete concordance was observed between PCR‐LDR and sequencing methods. The method was used to confirm that MEAM1 and MED were found in two districts, but only the MED was found in the other six districts. PCR‐LDR, which is a transplantable platform, provides an alternative method for species identification of B. tabaci at low cost.
Color Difference Thresholds in Dentistry
Authors: Paravina Rade D. , Ghinea Razvan , Herrera Luis J. , Bona Alvaro D. , Igiel Christopher , Linninger Mercedes , Sakai Maiko , Takahashi Hidekazu , Tashkandi Esam , Mar Perez Maria del 
Published: April 2015

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this prospective multicenter study was to determine 50:50% perceptibility threshold (PT) and 50:50% acceptability threshold (AT) of dental ceramic under simulated clinical settings.Materials and MethodsThe spectral radiance of 63 monochromatic ceramic specimens was determined using a non‐contact spectroradiometer. A total of 60 specimen pairs, divided into 3 sets of 20 specimen pairs (medium to light shades, medium to dark shades, and dark shades), were selected for psychophysical experiment. The coordinating center and seven research sites obtained the Institutional Review Board (IRB) approvals prior the beginning of the experiment. Each research site had 25 observers, divided into five groups of five observers: dentists—D, dental students—S, dental auxiliaries—A, dental technicians—T, and lay persons—L. There were 35 observers per group (five observers per group at each site ×7 sites), for a total of 175 observers. Visual color comparisons were performed using a viewing booth. Takagi–Sugeno–Kang (TSK) fuzzy approximation was used for fitting the data points. The 50:50% PT and 50:50% AT were determined in CIELAB and CIEDE2000. The t‐test was used to evaluate the statistical significance in thresholds differences.ResultsThe CIELAB 50:50% PT was ΔEab = 1.2, whereas 50:50% AT was ΔEab = 2.7. Corresponding CIEDE2000 (ΔE00) values were 0.8 and 1.8, respectively. 50:50% PT by the observer group revealed differences among groups D, A, T, and L as compared with 50:50% PT for all observers. The 50:50% AT for all observers was statistically different than 50:50% AT in groups T and L.ConclusionA 50:50% perceptibility and ATs were significantly different. The same is true for differences between two color difference formulas ΔE00/ΔEab. Observer groups and sites showed high level of statistical difference in all thresholds.Clinical SignificanceVisual color difference thresholds can serve as a quality control tool to guide the selection of esthetic dental materials, evaluate clinical performance, and interpret visual and instrumental findings in clinical dentistry, dental research, and subsequent standardization. The importance of quality control in dentistry is reinforced by increased esthetic demands of patients and dental professionals.