bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Memristor‐based voltage‐controlled relaxation oscillators
Authors: Fouda M. E. , Radwan A.G. 
Published: April 2013

SUMMARYThis paper introduces two voltage‐controlled memristor‐based reactance‐less oscillators with analytical and circuit simulations. Two different topologies which are R‐M and M‐R are discussed as a function of the reference voltage where the generalized formulas of the oscillation frequency and conditions for oscillation for each topology are derived. The effect of the reference voltage on the circuit performance is studied and validated through different examples using PSpice simulations. A memristor‐based voltage‐controlled oscillator (VCO) is introduced as an application for the proposed circuits which is nano‐size and more efficient compared to the conventional VCOs. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Filtering approaches to accelerated consensus in diffusion sensor networks
Authors: Abd‐Elrady Emad , Mulgrew Bernard 
Published: April 2013

SUMMARYThe main objective in distributed sensor networks is to reach agreement or consensus on values acquired by the sensors. A common methodology to approach this problem is using the iterative and weighted linear combination of those values to which each sensor has access. Different methods to compute appropriate weights have been extensively studied, but the resulting iterative algorithm still requires many iterations to provide a fairly good estimate of the consensus value. In this paper, different accelerating consensus approaches based on adaptive and non‐adaptive filtering techniques are studied and applied on the problem of acoustic source localization using the adaptive projected subgradient method. A comparative simulation study shows that the non‐adaptive polynomial filters based on Newton's interpolating polynomials and semi‐definite programming can provide more accelerated consensus and better estimation accuracy than adaptive filters evaluated using constrained affine projection algorithm or stochastic gradient algorithm provided that the network topology is known beforehand. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Age and sex differences in prevalence and clinical correlates of depression: first results from the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing
Authors: Regan Claire O. , Kearney Patricia M. , Savva George M. , Cronin Hilary , Kenny Rose Anne 
Published: April 2013

ObjectiveThe risk of depression is increased by physical illness; however, the nature of this relationship is complex and unclear. Here, we explore the prevalence and clinical correlates of depression, with particular emphasis on factors representing consequences or physical manifestations of disease and identify age and gender differences in their effects.MethodsA population‐representative sample of 8175 community‐dwelling adults aged 50 years and over participated in the first wave of The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing. The primary outcome measure was clinically significant depressive symptoms defined by a score of 16 or greater on the 20‐item Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale.ResultsOverall, 10% (95% CI: 9–11%) of adults reported clinically significant depressive symptoms. Physical illness is associated with depressive symptoms only in adults 65 years and older; in adults aged 50–64 years, the association is mediated by medication use, and this age difference is statistically significant (p < 0.00). Irrespective of age, chronic pain and incontinence were stronger predictors of depression in men (interaction effects p < 0.00)ConclusionsOur findings identify age‐specific and gender‐specific clinical markers for depression risk among the older population, which may identify those more likely to present with depression in community settings. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Scoping review of the literature on shoulder impairments and disability after neck dissection
Authors: Goldstein David P. , Ringash Jolie , Bissada Eric , Jaquet Yves , Irish Jonathan , Chepeha Douglas , Davis Aileen M. 
Published: April 2013

BackgroundThe purpose of this article was to provide a review of the literature on shoulder disability after neck dissection.MethodsA literature review was performed using Ovid Medline and Embase databases. A total of 306 abstracts and 78 full‐text articles were reviewed. Forty‐two articles were eligible for inclusion.ResultsPatients undergoing nerve‐sacrifice neck dissections have greater disability and lower quality of life scores than those undergoing neck dissections with the least manipulation (ie, selective neck dissections). Shoulder impairments can still occur in patients undergoing selective neck dissections. Disability typically improves over time in patients undergoing nerve‐sparing neck dissections.ConclusionThere was significant variability in the literature in terms of the prevalence and recovery of shoulder morbidity after neck dissection. This variability may not just be related to surgical technique or rehabilitation, but also to study design, definitions, and the variability in disability questionnaires used. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: 299–308, 2014
MHD boundary‐layer flow over a stretching surface with internal heat generation or absorption
Authors: Basiri Parsa A. , Rashidi M.M. , Hayat T. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis article is concerned with the steady laminar magnetohydrodynamic boundary‐layer flow past a stretching surface with uniform free stream and internal heat generation or absorption in an electrically conducting fluid. A constant magnetic field is applied in the transverse direction. A uniform free stream of constant velocity and temperature is passed over the sheet. The effects of free convection and internal heat generation or absorption are also considered. The governing boundary layer and temperature equations for this problem are first transformed into a system of ordinary differential equations using similarity variables, and then solved by a new analytical method and numerical method, by using a fourth‐order Runge–Kutta and shooting method. Velocity and temperature profiles are shown graphically. It is shown that the differential transform method solutions are only valid for small values of independent variables but the results obtained by the DTM‐Padé are valid for the entire solution domain with high accuracy. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj). DOI 10.1002/htj.21054
Mixed convection heat and mass transfer over a vertical plate in a power‐law fluid‐saturated porous medium with radiation and chemical reaction effects
Authors: Srinivasacharya D. , Swamy Reddy G. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractMixed convection heat and mass transfer from a vertical plate embedded in a power‐law fluid‐saturated Darcy porous medium with chemical reaction and radiation effects is studied. The governing partial differential equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations and then solved numerically using the shooting method. A parametric study of the physical parameters involved in the problem is conducted and a representative set of numerical results is illustrated graphically. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj). DOI 10.1002/htj.21058
WATER PARTICLE KINEMATICS QUANTUM APPROACH: A CHALLENGE FOR SPRINKLER IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
Authors: De Wrachien D. , Lorenzini G. , Mambretti S. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTDesigning a sprinkler irrigation plant is always associated with a full understanding of the kinematics of droplets during their aerial path. This requires a very complicated modelling of the problem, as many variables affect one another in contributing to the whole process. The literature offers different descriptive methods among which is the ballistic one, to which the authors have recently given a novel contribution, and which is also reported here. In addition to this, the present paper introduces two novel quantum approaches applied to describe droplet kinematics, based on the time‐dependent Schrödinger equation and on the Scale Relativity Theory. Such an idea not only completes the classical description with a mean more tightly describing the microscopic phenomenon but also gives a broadly applicable tool to describe the actual kinematics of water droplets in sprinkler irrigation. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
EVALUATION FOR MEASURING IRRIGATION SERVICE PERFORMANCE USING A SCORECARD FRAMEWORK
Authors: Phadnis Sanjay S. , Kulshrestha Mukul 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTThe present study has been proposed for scorecard‐based framework for measuring irrigation service performance using a few key selected indicators suggested by the Indian National Committee for Irrigation and Drainage and uses categories such as technical performance, agricultural production performance and financial performance to group the indicators appropriately. The work involved measuring project performance in terms of selected performance indicators and their integration into a scorecard. The methodology adopted for the study is to assign weights to indicators in conjunction with their scores on a devised scale, and evaluates category and performance scores by employing a spreadsheet. This methodology has been used for the Samrat Ashok Sagar major irrigation project, Madhya Pradesh, India, which is performing suboptimally and suggests the need for reforms in order to ensure that the irrigation services demonstrate sustainable operational performance. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inflammation‐induced hyperalgesia and spinal microglia reactivity in neonatal rats
Authors: Vega‐Avelaira D. , Ballesteros J.J. , López‐García J.A. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundPeripheral inflammation and nerve injury evoke pain behaviours in adult rodents mediated by sensitization, a process that involves the activation of microglia in the spinal cord. In neonates, however, peripheral inflammation, but not nerve injury, induces a lasting hyperalgesia. It is known that microglia does not activate after nerve injury in young pups; however, changes in microglia associated with inflammation in neonatal animals have not been studied.MethodsInflammation was induced by unilateral intraplantar injection of carrageenan, complete Freund's adjuvant or zymosan in 10‐day‐old rats. Rats were tested for mechanical sensitivity in response to punctuate stimulation of the dorsal surface of the hind paw using calibrated von Frey filaments. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect changes in size and density of microglial cells using the specific marker Iba‐1. The effects of minocycline applications (120 μg, i.t.) on spinal microglia and behaviour induced by zymosan inflammation were studied.ResultsHind paw inflammation in young P10 rats, with either of the agents used, produced an immediate hyperalgesia, which lasted more than 7 days. A concomitant and significant increase in cell size and density in Iba‐1‐positive cells was observed in the spinal dorsal horn. These morphological changes in spinal microglia were observed as early as 1‐h post‐inflammation. Intrathecal and systemic administration of minocycline blocked the hyperalgesia and the changes in spinal microglia produced by zymosan.ConclusionsResults suggest a key role for spinal microglia activation in the development of hyperalgesia following inflammation in neonatal animals.
ASSESSMENT AND TREATMENT OF SOCIAL AVOIDANCE
Authors: Harper Jill M. , Iwata Brian A. , Camp Erin M. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractProblem behavior maintained by social‐negative reinforcement often is evoked by a specific type of social interaction—the presentation of task demands. This study involved assessment and treatment of a more general form of social avoidance in which the establishing operation (EO) for problem behavior consisted of social interaction per se. Four subjects exhibited high rates of problem behavior during the play or demand conditions of a functional analysis (FA). A subsequent FA in which problem behavior produced escape from social interaction confirmed social avoidance for all subjects. A series of interventions aimed at attenuating aversive characteristics of social interaction then was implemented with 3 of the subjects. These interventions included vicarious reinforcement, conditioning of social interaction as a reinforcer, stimulus fading, and differential reinforcement (DRA) plus extinction (EXT). DRA plus EXT was the only condition in which decreases in problem behavior and increases in social interactions were observed reliably.
TEACHER‐CONDUCTED TRIAL‐BASED FUNCTIONAL ANALYSES AS THE BASIS FOR INTERVENTION
Authors: Bloom Sarah E. , Lambert Joseph M. , Dayton Elizabeth , Samaha Andrew L. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractPrevious studies have focused on whether a trial‐based functional analysis (FA) yields the same outcomes as more traditional FAs, and whether interventions based on trial‐based FAs can reduce socially maintained problem behavior. We included a full range of behavior functions and taught 3 teachers to conduct a trial‐based FA with 3 boys with developmental and intellectual disabilities who engaged in problem behavior. Based on the results of the trial‐based FAs, we developed and conducted 5 function‐based interventions, using differential reinforcement of an alternative behavior and extinction in all but 1 case. In the remaining case, we used noncontingent reinforcement. All interventions led to reductions in problem behavior and increases in alternative behavior.
A COMPONENT ANALYSIS OF SCHEDULE THINNING DURING FUNCTIONAL COMMUNICATION TRAINING
Authors: Betz Alison M. , Fisher Wayne W. , Roane Henry S. , Mintz Joslyn C. , Owen Todd M. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractOne limitation of functional communication training (FCT) is that individuals may request reinforcement via the functional communication response (FCR) at exceedingly high rates. Multiple schedules with alternating periods of reinforcement and extinction of the FCR combined with gradually lengthening the extinction‐component interval can effectively address this limitation. However, the extent to which each of these components contributes to the effectiveness of the overall approach remains uncertain. In the current investigation, we evaluated the first component by comparing rates of the FCR and problem behavior under mixed and multiple schedules and evaluated the second component by rapidly switching from dense mixed and multiple schedules to lean multiple schedules without gradually thinning the density of reinforcement. Results indicated that multiple schedules decreased the overall rate of reinforcement for the FCR and maintained the strength of the FCR and low rates of problem behavior without gradually thinning the reinforcement schedule.
FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS AND INTERVENTION FOR CHRONIC RUMINATION
Authors: Woods Kathryn E. , Luiselli James K. , Tomassone Shanon 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWe conducted a functional analysis and treatment evaluation of chronic rumination in a 19‐year‐old man with intellectual disabilities. Outcomes of the functional analysis suggested that rumination was maintained by automatic reinforcement. Results of the intervention evaluation suggested that (a) noncontingent access to food after meals reduced rumination more effectively than did noncontingent access to inedible stimuli, (b) a particular type of food was associated with lower levels of rumination than other types of food, and (c) both presession and continuous access to food reduced levels of rumination more effectively than did fixed‐time access to food.
FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS SCREENING FOR PROBLEM BEHAVIOR MAINTAINED BY AUTOMATIC REINFORCEMENT
Authors: Querim Angie C. , Iwata Brian A. , Roscoe Eileen M. , Schlichenmeyer Kevin J. , Ortega Javier Virués , Hurl Kylee E. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA common finding in previous research is that problem behavior maintained by automatic reinforcement continues to occur in the alone condition of a functional analysis (FA), whereas behavior maintained by social reinforcement typically is extinguished. Thus, the alone condition may represent an efficient screening procedure when maintenance by automatic reinforcement is suspected. We conducted a series of 5‐min alone (or no‐interaction) probes for 30 cases of problem behavior and compared initial predictions of maintenance or extinction to outcomes obtained in subsequent FAs. Results indicated that data from the screening procedure accurately predicted that problem behavior was maintained by automatic reinforcement in 21 of 22 cases and by social reinforcement in 7 of 8 cases. Thus, results of the screening accurately predicted the function of problem behavior (social vs. automatic reinforcement) in 28 of 30 cases.
EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF PRECURSORS TO SEVERE PROBLEM BEHAVIOR
Authors: Fritz Jennifer N. , Iwata Brian A. , Hammond Jennifer L. , Bloom Sarah E. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractSome individuals engage in both mild and severe forms of problem behavior. Research has shown that when mild behaviors precede severe behaviors (i.e., the mild behaviors serve as precursors), they can (a) be maintained by the same source of reinforcement as severe behavior and (b) reduce rates of severe behavior observed during assessment. In Study 1, we developed an objective checklist to identify precursors via videotaped trials for 16 subjects who engaged in problem behavior and identified at least 1 precursor for every subject. In Study 2, we conducted separate functional analyses of precursor and severe problem behaviors for 8 subjects, and obtained correspondence between outcomes in 7 cases. In Study 3, we evaluated noncontingent reinforcement schedule thinning plus differential reinforcement of alternative behavior to reduce precursors, increase appropriate behavior, and maintain low rates of severe behavior during 3 treatment analyses for 2 subjects. Results showed that this treatment strategy was effective for behaviors maintained by positive and negative reinforcement.
THIRTY YEARS OF RESEARCH ON THE FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS OF PROBLEM BEHAVIOR
Authors: Beavers Gracie A. , Iwata Brian A. , Lerman Dorothea C. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractHanley, Iwata, and McCord (2003) reviewed studies published through 2000 on the functional analysis (FA) of problem behavior. We update that review for 2001 through 2012, including 158 more recent studies that reported data from 445 FAs. Combined with data obtained from Hanley et al., 435 FA studies, with line graphs for 981 FAs, have been published since 1961. We comment on recent trends in FA research and introduce the studies in the 2013 special issue of the Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis.
RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY OF THE FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS SCREENING TOOL
Authors: Iwata Brian A. , DeLeon Iser G. , Roscoe Eileen M. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe Functional Analysis Screening Tool (FAST) is a 16‐item questionnaire about antecedent and consequent events that might be correlated with the occurrence of problem behavior. Items are organized into 4 functional categories based on contingencies that maintain problem behavior. We assessed interrater reliability of the FAST with 196 problem behaviors through independent administration to pairs of raters (Study 1). Mean item‐by‐item agreement between pairs of raters was 71.5%. Agreement for individual items ranged from 53.3% to 84.5%. Agreement on FAST outcomes, based on comparison of informants' highest totals, was 64.8%. We assessed the validity of the FAST by comparing its outcomes with results of 69 functional analyses (Study 2). The FAST score predicted the condition of the functional analysis in which the highest rate of problem behavior occurred in 44 cases (63.8%). Potential uses of the FAST in the context of a clinical interview, as well as limitations, are discussed.
Three‐dimensional pore structure analysis of polycaprolactone nano‐microfibrous scaffolds using theoretical and experimental approaches
Authors: Bagherzadeh Roohollah , Latifi Masoud , Kong Lingxue 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn this article the pore structure and porosity parameters of polycaprolactone (PCL) nano‐microfibrous scaffolds are investigated using a predicting theoretical model and a nondestructive evaluation approach based on confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and three‐dimensional image analysis. Different fibrous scaffolds with different fiber diameters produced by electrospinning process and their 3D–pore structure were evaluated theoretically and also compared to results of CLSM and capillary flow porometery methods. The effect of polymer concentration on the pore structure of scaffolds was also investigated. The results showed that, the introduced approach not only can measure the pore size distribution of nanofibrous scaffolds, but also can measure pore interconnectivity of fibrous scaffolds. Furthermore, the results showed that increasing the fiber diameter resulted from increasing the polymer concentration in solvent can effectively increase the pore dimensions within the scaffold structure. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 903–910, 2014.
The effect of laser‐treated titanium surface on human gingival fibroblast behavior
Authors: Baltriukienė D. , Sabaliauskas V. , Balčiūnas E. , Melninkaitis A. , Liutkevičius E. , Bukelskienė V. , Rutkūnas V. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractSurface modification, as a means of enhancing soft tissue integration in titanium would have significant advantages including less marginal bone resorption, predictable esthetic outcome, improved soft tissue stability, and seal against bacterial leakage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of laser‐roughened titanium surfaces on human gingival fibroblast (HGF) viability, proliferation, and adhesion. Titanium discs were ablated with impulse laser in four different patterns. Polished and sand‐blasted titanium discs were used as control groups. Specimen surface properties were determined using optical profilometry and scanning electron microscopy. HGF behavior on modified surfaces was analyzed using cell adhesion, viability, proliferation, and ELISA assays. Results suggested that modified Ti surfaces did not affect the viability of HGFs and improved adhesion was measured in laser treatment groups after 24 h. However, proliferation study showed that the adsorbance of fibroblast cells after 72 h cultured on polished titanium was higher and comparable with that of control cells. As for focal adhesion kinase (FAK), cells grown on laser modified surfaces had higher expression of FAK as compared with polished titanium. In conclusion, tested laser‐treated surfaces seem to favor HGF adhesion. There were no significant differences between different laser treatment groups. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 713–720, 2014.