bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phenolic extract from wild rose hip with seed: Composition, antioxidant activity, and performance in canola oil
Authors: Aladedunye Felix , Kersting Hans Josef , Matthäus Bertrand 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIn this study, the effectiveness of phenolic extracts from Rosa woodsii hip with seed (Rosae pseudofructus cum fructibus) in protecting vegetable oils against oxidative and thermal deterioration was assessed during accelerated storage of canola oil at 65°C, Rancimat at 120°C, and frying at 180°C. At the end of the 7‐day storage, formation of lipid hydroperoxides was 2.5 times higher in control canola oil compared to the fortified sample. Accumulation of polar components, polymerized TAGs and other secondary degradation products during frying was reduced by up to 30% in the presence of the applied phenolic extracts. Similarly, the oxidative stability of canola oil significantly increased in the presence of extract as measured by Rancimat induction period (IP). HPLC‐MS analysis indicated that quercetin, catechin, and gallic acid were the major phenolic constituents of Rosa woodsii fruit extract, and are possibly the active antioxidant compounds of the extract.Practical applications: Oxidation of fats and oils or fatty fractions of foods is one of the major reasons for the deterioration of food. Therefore the search for highly effective antioxidants from natural sources to stabilize frying oils or food preparations is an ongoing story. The present paper demonstrates that phenolic extracts from Rosa woodsii Lindl (Rosaceae) can improve the frying and storage stability of edible oils. The findings can help food processors to improve quality and safety of food.Phenolic extract from Rosa woodsii improved the thermo‐oxidative stability of canola oil.
Access to 3‐Arylindoles through a Tandem One‐Pot Protocol Involving Dearomatization, a Regioselective Michael Addition Reaction, and Rearomatization
Authors: Chittimalla Santhosh Kumar , Bandi Chennakesavulu , Putturu Sireesha , Kuppusamy Rajesh , Boellaard Kevin Christopher , Tan David Chu Aan , Lum Demi Ming Jie 
Published: February 2014

AbstractA facile, general and rapid protocol for the introduction of oxygenated aryls at the 3‐position of indoles is described. This approach consists of a tandem dearomatization, a regioselective Michael addition reaction, and rearomatization in a one‐pot three‐step sequence to obtain 3‐arylindoles in good yields.
Development of LBGK and incompressible LBGK‐based lattice Boltzmann flux solvers for simulation of incompressible flows
Authors: Wang Y. , Shu C. , Teo C. J. 
Published: February 2014

SUMMARYThis paper presents lattice Boltzmann Bhatnagar–Gross–Krook (LBGK) model and incompressible LBGK model‐based lattice Boltzmann flux solvers (LBFS) for simulation of incompressible flows. LBFS applies the finite volume method to directly discretize the governing differential equations recovered by lattice Boltzmann equations. The fluxes of LBFS at each cell interface are evaluated by local reconstruction of lattice Boltzmann solution. Because LBFS is applied locally at each cell interface independently, it removes the major drawbacks of conventional lattice Boltzmann method such as lattice uniformity, coupling between mesh spacing, and time interval. With LBGK and incompressible LBGK models, LBFS are examined by simulating decaying vortex flow, polar cavity flow, plane Poiseuille flow, Womersley flow, and double shear flows. The obtained numerical results show that both the LBGK and incompressible LBGK‐based LBFS have the second order of accuracy and high computational efficiency on nonuniform grids. Furthermore, LBFS with both LBGK models are also stable for the double shear flows at a high Reynolds number of 105. However, for the pressure‐driven plane Poiseuille flow, when the pressure gradient is increased, the relative error associated with LBGK model grows faster than that associated with incompressible LBGK model. It seems that the incompressible LBGK‐based LBFS is more suitable for simulating incompressible flows with large pressure gradients. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of biomarkers in the assessment of aquatic ecosystem health
Authors: Hook Sharon E , Gallagher Evan P , Batley Graeme E 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Ensuring the health of aquatic ecosystems and identifying species at risk from the detrimental effects of environmental contaminants can be facilitated by integrating analytical chemical analysis with carefully selected biological endpoints measured in tissues of species of concern. These biological endpoints include molecular, biochemical, and physiological markers (i.e., biomarkers) that when integrated, can clarify issues of contaminant bioavailability, bioaccumulation, and ecological effects while enabling a better understanding of the effects of nonchemical stressors. In the case of contaminant stressors, an understanding of chemical modes of toxicity can be incorporated with diagnostic markers of aquatic animal physiology to help understand the health status of aquatic organisms in the field. Furthermore, new approaches in functional genomics and bioinformatics can help discriminate individual chemicals, or groups of chemicals among complex mixtures that may contribute to adverse biological effects. Although the use of biomarkers is not a new paradigm, such approaches have been underused in the context of ecological risk assessment and natural resource damage assessment. From a regulatory standpoint, these approaches can help better assess the complex effects from coastal development activities to assessing ecosystem integrity pre- and post development or site remediation. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2014;10:327–341. © 2014 SETAC
Key Points
Issues of contaminant bioavailability, bioaccumulation and ecological effects can be clarified by integrating molecular, biochemical and physiological markers (i.e. biomarkers). The health of aquatic ecosystems and species in those systems can be monitored by integrating chemical analysis with carefully selected biomarkers. Although biomarkers are not new, they have not been adopted into ecological risk assessment or natural resource damage assessment.
Thermoplastic polyurethane/hydroxyapatite electrospun scaffolds for bone tissue engineering: Effects of polymer properties and particle size
Authors: Mi Hao‐Yang , Palumbo SunMi , Jing Xin , Turng Lih‐Sheng , Li Wan‐Ju , Peng Xiang‐Fang 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)/hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffolds were fabricated via electrospinning. The effects of TPU properties and HA particle size on scaffold physical properties and osteoblast‐like cell performance were investigated. It was found that the addition of micro‐HA (mHA), which was inlayed in the fiber, decreased the electrospun fiber diameter. On the contrary, nano‐HA (nHA), which was either embedded or existed inside of the fiber, increased the fiber diameter for both soft and hard TPUs. The soft TPU had a much lower Young's modulus and higher strain‐at‐break than the hard TPU. The addition of both mHA and nHA decreased the tensile properties; this decrease was more significant with mHA. The cells on the hard scaffolds actively proliferated and migrated compared to those on the soft scaffolds. On the other hand, cells on the soft scaffolds more effectively induced osteogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) than those on the hard scaffolds. In addition, our data suggest that the soft scaffolds with supplementation of nHA further enhanced osteogenesis of hMSCs compared to those without nHA. The soft TPU scaffolds containing nano‐HA have the potential to be used in bone tissue engineering applications. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 102B: 1434–1444, 2014.
Development of High‐Sensitive ELISA Method for Detection of Adipophilin Levels in Human Colostrum and Breast Milk
Authors: Mitrova Katarina , Karpisek Michal , Durilova Marianna , Dragusin Lavinia Gabriela , Nevoral Jiri , Bronsky Jiri 
Published: February 2014

AimTo develop and validate high‐sensitive (hs) ELISA method for detection of adipophilin (adipose differentiation‐related protein, ADRP) in human breast milk (BM) and to analyze adipophilin levels in BM during 12 months of lactation.MethodsADRP levels were determined using hsELISA method (Biovendor‐Laboratory Medicine, Inc.) in colostrum (D0) and BM of 72 mothers was collected 1, 3, 6, and 12 months following delivery (M1, 3, 6, 12).ResultsADRP was detectable in BM up to 12 months of lactation. Mean levels at D0 were 1.98 ± 0.12; M1, 2.83 ± 0.21; M3, 2.39 ± 0.17; M6, 2.57 ± 0.16; and at M12 3.25 ± 0.21 μg/ml. Significantly higher levels of ADRP were found in M1 and M12 when compared to D0 and in M12 when compared to M3 (overall P = 0.0001). No significant correlation was seen between ADRP levels in BM and adiponectin, body weight of infants, their birth length, body weight gain during the first year of life, or BMI of mothers before pregnancy.ConclusionsWe developed and validated hsELISA for detection of ADRP in human BM. ADRP was detectable in human BM during the whole 12 months of lactation period and its levels were intraindividually well‐conserved.
Evaluation of the URiSCAN Super Cassette ACR Semiquantitative Urine Dipstick for Microalbuminuria Screening
Authors: Cho Min‐Chul , Ji Misuk , Kim So Young , Choe Wonho , Lee Woochang , Chun Sail , Min Won‐Ki 
Published: February 2014

BackgroundMicroalbuminuria tests are used as screening tools for diseases, such as diabetic nephropathy, cardiovascular disease, and hypertension. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of a newly introduced semiquantitative urine dipstick, URiSCAN Super cassette ACR (URiSuper‐ACR [where ACR is albumin/creatinine ratio]; YD Diagnostics Corp., Korea), as a screening tool for microalbuminuria.MethodsAlbumin and creatinine levels in randomly selected spot urine samples of 1,040 patients were semiquantitatively measured using URiSuper‐ACR. Results using URiSuper‐ACR system were compared to measurements obtained by quantitative analyzer. We also calculated diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, precision, linearity, and categorical concordance rates for the diagnosis of microalbumiuria using this system. Furthermore, we performed interference tests using standard controls to evaluate possible influence of various factors.ResultsURiSuper‐ACR test showed 88.8% and 86.3% sensitivity and 90.1% and 93.8% specificity for albumin concentration and ACR, respectively. It also showed 91.1% and 92.6% positive predictive values and 87.6% and 88.5% negative predictive values, respectively. The concordance rate between URiSuper‐ACR and quantitative method for albumin and creatinine concentration within the same category were 78.4% and 67.1%, respectively, and for the ±1 category were 98.8% and 99.5%, respectively. For ACR, an 80.0% concordance rate was seen within the same category. The within‐run coefficients of variation (CVs) were 3.0∼15.4% and 5.2∼23.5% for albumin and creatinine, respectively, showing good linearity. In interference tests, no interference was observed except for cases with high specific gravity.ConclusionsURiSuper‐ACR showed good diagnostic performance for the detection of microalbuminuria and may be a useful screening test in clinical laboratories.
Phase 3 efficacy and safety trial of gadobutrol, a 1.0 molar macrocyclic MR imaging contrast agent, in patients referred for contrast‐enhanced MR imaging of the central nervous system
Authors: Gutierrez Juan E. , Rosenberg Martin , Duhaney Michael , Simon Jeffrey A. , Brueggenwerth Guenther , Agris Jacob M. , Knopp Edmond A. 
Published: February 2014

PurposeGadobutrol is a 1.0 M macrocyclic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent. A study was performed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of gadobutrol‐enhanced versus unenhanced imaging for central nervous system (CNS) lesion visualization and detection.Materials and MethodsAn international, multicenter, open‐label, Phase III clinical trial. Patients underwent unenhanced and gadobutrol 1.0 M‐enhanced (0.1 mmol/kg BW) MR imaging using a standardized protocol. Unenhanced and combined unenhanced/gadobutrol‐enhanced images were scored by three independent, blinded readers for degree of lesion enhancement, border delineation, internal morphology, and total number of lesions detected (primary efficacy variables). Exact match of the MR diagnoses with the final clinical diagnosis, detection of malignant CNS lesions, and confidence in diagnosis were secondary efficacy variables.ResultsOf 343 enrolled patients, 321 were evaluated for efficacy. All primary efficacy endpoints were met: superiority was demonstrated for gadobutrol‐enhanced versus unenhanced MR images (P < 0.0001 in all cases) for lesion enhancement, border delineation, and internal morphology. Noninferiority was met for mean number of lesions detected. There were improvements in the sensitivity of malignant lesion detection, without a loss in specificity, exact‐match diagnostic accuracy, and reader confidence. Treatment‐related adverse events were reported in 4.1% (n = 14); all were nonserious.ConclusionGadobutrol 1.0M is an effective and well‐tolerated contrast agent for CNS MRI. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;41:788–796. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Red pericarp introgression lines derived from interspecific crosses of rice: physicochemical characteristics, antioxidative properties and phenolic content
Authors: Sharma Neerja , Kaur Rimaljeet , Mangat Gurjit S , Singh Kuldeep 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDAntioxidative properties and physicochemical characteristics of introgression lines (ILs) and their recurrent parents were analyzed. In addition, catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and free radical‐scavenging capacity were evaluated, since these are important antioxidative properties for developing nutraceutical and functional foods.RESULTSComparative analysis of the brown and milled rice fractions of ILs with their respective recurrent parents revealed 2.26‐ and 1.22‐fold increase in total phenolics, 1.95‐ and 2.09‐fold increase in flavonoids, 8.38‐ and 6.80‐fold increase in proanthocyanidins and 1.55‐ and 1.20‐fold increase in tannins in brown and milled rice fractions respectively. Higher CAT (1.36‐ and 1.89‐fold) and SOD (1.71‐ and 2.02‐fold) activities and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC, 7.13‐ and 1.98‐fold) were observed in brown and milled rice fractions respectively of ILs compared with their respective recurrent parents. A high and positive correlation was obtained between TEAC and total phenols (0.73, P ≤ 0.01), flavonoids (0.66, P ≤ 0.05) and proanthocyanidins (0.69, P ≤ 0.05). The yield parameters and physicochemical characteristics of the grains, in general, were comparable in the ILs and their respective recurrent parents.CONCLUSIONThe ILs of rice reported in the present study exhibited significant positive differences in the content of phenolic constituents and antioxidant properties with good grain quality characteristics over their recurrent parents, indicating their potential as a natural source of phytochemicals for nutraceutical and functional food development. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Photochemically Mediated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization Using Polymeric Semiconductor Mesoporous Graphitic Carbon Nitride
Authors: Dadashi‐Silab Sajjad , Tasdelen Mehmet Atilla , Kiskan Baris , Wang Xinchen , Antonietti Markus , Yagci Yusuf 
Published: February 2014

Photochemically mediated atom transfer radical polymerization of vinyl monomers is successfully activated by ecofriendly heterogeneous mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride (mpg‐C3N4). This method pertains to the use of mpg‐C3N4 as photoactivator for reduction of initially loaded copper(II) species, thus promoting the in situ formation of the copper(I) species. The controlled nature of the polymerizations in both natural sunlight and UV‐light irradiation at ambient temperature is confirmed by the good agreement of the kinetics of the ­polymerization with theoretical values. The light on–off experiments ­demonstrate that polymerizations are clearly initiated and moderated by either UV light or sunlight.
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Design of multidimensional Shinnar–Le Roux radiofrequency pulses
Authors: Ma Chao , Liang Zhi‐Pei 
Published: February 2014

PurposeTo generalize the conventional Shinnar–Le Roux method for the design of multidimensional radiofrequency pulses.MethodsUsing echo‐planar gradients, the multidimensional radiofrequency pulse design problem was converted into a series of one‐dimensional polynomial design problems. Each of the one‐dimensional polynomial design problems was solved efficiently. B0 inhomogeneity compensation and design of spatial‐spectral pulses were also considered.ResultsThe proposed method was used to design two‐dimensional excitation and refocusing pulses. The results were validated through Bloch equation simulation and experiments on a 3.0 T scanner. Large‐tip‐angle, equiripple‐error, multidimensional excitation was achieved with ripple levels closely matching the design specifications.ConclusionThe conventional Shinnar–Le Roux method can be extended to design multidimensional radiofrequency pulses. The proposed method achieves almost equiripple excitation errors, allows easy control of the tradeoff among design parameters, and is computationally efficient. Magn Reson Med 73:633–645, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An evaluation of Knowledge and Understanding Framework personality disorder awareness training: Can a co‐production model be effective in a local NHS mental health Trust?
Authors: Davies Julie , Sampson Mark , Beesley Frank , Smith Debra , Baldwin Victoria 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT5 Boroughs Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, in the Northwest of England, has trained over 500 staff in the Knowledge and Understanding Framework, level 1 personality disorder awareness training. This is a 3‐day nationally devised training programme delivered via an innovative co‐production model (i.e. co‐delivery and partnership working with service users who have lived experience). This paper provides quantitative and qualitative information on the effectiveness of training delivery and also serves to provide some insight into the impact of service‐user involvement via such a co‐production model. Information on 162 participants using the Knowledge and Understanding Framework bespoke questionnaire (Personality Disorder Knowledge, Attitudes and Skills Questionnaire) suggests that the training can be effectively delivered by and within a local NHS Mental Health Trust. Results immediately post‐training suggest an improvement in levels of understanding and capability efficacy and a reduction in negative emotional reactions. Indications from a 3‐month follow‐up suggest that while understanding and emotional reaction remain improved, capability efficacy regresses back to pre‐training levels, suggesting the need for ongoing supervision and/or support to consolidate skills. Discussion includes guidelines for the implementation of a truly integrated co‐production model of training provision, as well as advice relating to the maximization of long‐term benefits. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stiffness quantification of conductive polymers for bioelectrodes
Authors: Hassarati Rachelle T. , Goding Josef A. , Baek Sungchul , Patton Alexander J. , Poole‐Warren Laura A. , Green Rylie A. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTConductive polymer (CP) coatings can improve the performance of metallic bioelectrodes in implantable devices, a benefit which is partially attributed to the “softer” material interface. However, due to the nature of CP fabrication on metallic substrates, accurate quantification of mechanical properties has been difficult to achieve. This study demonstrates that peak‐force quantitative nanomechanical mapping (PF‐QNM) is a robust technique for determining the modulus of CP coatings. The effect of dopant size, chemistry, and film hydration on the mechanical properties of poly(3,4‐ethylene dioxythiophene) (PEDOT) is also examined. Analysis of PEDOT doped with poly(styrene sulfonate) produced across five different thicknesses confirms the utility of PF‐QNM in yielding quantitative, repeatable moduli in both the dry and hydrated state. By doping PEDOT with paratoluene sulfonate and perchlorate (ClO4) it is shown that the hydrophilicity and the size of the dopant are both critical factors influencing CP mechanical properties in the hydrated environment. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys.2014,52, 666–675
Output capacitance on GaN HEMTs in correlation to its transistor geometry and sheet resistance
Authors: Jung Helmut , Abele Peter , Grünenpütt Jan , Hosch Michael , Schauwecker Bernd , Blanck Hervé , Rödle Thomas , Schäfer Michael 
Published: February 2014

AbstractOutput capacitance (Cout) measurements on AlGaN‐GaN HEMTs with different field plate (FP) sizes and different EPI configurations as well as different sheet resistances owing to surface preparation have been performed at VDS = 10 and 40 V. A model is proposed where Cout is composed by a horizontal intrinsic part C1 and a vertical FP part C2. It could be shown that in case of large FPs and at high voltage measurements Cout via C2 is very sensitive to the vertical layer‐sequence including surface preparation. Simulations performed on the same transistor structures and at same meas‐ urement conditions confirm well the measured values by assumption of surface traps in the 1012 cm‐2‐range. Additionally, it could be demonstrated that the output RF‐power of the transistors with FP and at high voltage is directly correlated to Cout on transistors with high SD‐voltage. It is proposed that by such Cout‐measurements important information can be deduced about the vertical layer configuration including surface states and the transistor performance, e.g. regarding output power. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Pseudomorphic AlxGa1‐xN MQW based deep ultraviolet light emitting diodes over sapphire
Authors: Asif Fatima , Chen Hung‐Chi , Coleman Antwon , Ahmad Iftikhar , Zhang Bin , Dion Joe , Heidari Ahmad , Adivarahan Vinod , Khan Asif 
Published: February 2014

AbstractWe report on the fabrication of AlGaN‐based pseudomorphic light‐emitting diodes over sapphire substrate with peak emission at 275 nm. A 0.6 µm thick n‐AlGaN contact layer was grown using a novel pulsed silicon modulation doping technique, which enabled us to achieve a sheet resistance of ∼500Ω/□. In order to mitigate current crowding and Joule heating issues, we implemented the pixel‐LED design with a total p‐active area of 360 µm x 360 µm. Packaged devices exhibited light output powers of ∼7 mW at 100 mA dc pump current. The forward voltage was ∼ 8.8 V. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)