bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The design of a LTE/MIMO antenna with high isolation using a decoupling network
Authors: Baek Jisoo , Choi Jaehoon 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTA multi‐input multi‐output (MIMO) antenna with high isolation using a decoupling network for long term evolution (LTE) services is proposed. To improve the isolation, a decoupling network consisting of two sections of a transmission line is placed at the center of two radiating elements. The isolation was enhanced by approximately 23 dB comparing to that without a decoupling network. The fabricated MIMO antenna satisfies a 6‐dB return loss requirement and the envelope correlation coefficient is maintained below 0.4 over the LTE band 13 ranging from 746 to 787 MHz. The proposed antenna shows a low specific absorption rate value to meet regulations over the frequency band of interest. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:2187–2191, 2014
Broadband RF response of sine wave gratings
Authors: Ostrom Gregory S. , Bowling D. R. , Halterman Klaus 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTWe experimentally investigate the reflection and transmission of microwaves through grating structures comprised of sinusoidal corrugations. The gratings were fabricated onto dielectric (FR4) circuit board substrates and etched into both sides of the surrounding copper media, where each side is out of phase by 180°. We considered a variety of grating profiles, where each sine wave in a series had the same amplitude but differing frequency. The microwave response of the fabricated gratings was experimentally measured and numerical simulations were conducted and compared to those collected from the fabricated samples. The measured results suggest that such structures can be used potentially as broadband absorbers and polarization filters. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:1982–1984, 2014
Respiratory self‐gating for free‐breathing magnetization transfer MRI of the abdomen
Authors: Li Weiguo , Zhang Zhuoli , Li Kangan , Jin Ning , Zhang Yue , Zhang Tianjing , Miller Frank H. , Larson Andrew C. 
Published: June 2014

PurposeMagnetization transfer (MT) MRI can be effective for the diagnosis of a broad range of fibrotic diseases, including liver fibrosis. However, respiratory motion, a major source of artifacts in thoracic and abdominal MR imaging, can obscure important anatomic structures, making diagnosis difficult. In this study, we explored the potential to combine free‐breathing (FB) respiratory self‐gating (RSG) methods with MT saturation for FB MT ratio (MTR) measurements of abdominal organs.MethodsA respiratory self‐gated multiple‐gradient recalled echo sequence with MT presaturation (RSG‐MT GRE) was developed and applied in a series of seven normal volunteers. We compared the MTR values of liver, pancreas, kidney, spleen, and posterior paraspinal muscle measured using our RSG‐MT GRE sequence and a conventional MT GRE sequence.ResultsRSG consistently reduced motion artifacts within MT‐weighted images acquired during FB, improved the accuracy of FB MTR measurements, and produced comparable MTRs to breath‐holding MTR measurements.ConclusionRSG approaches may offer to improve the utility of MT‐weighted imaging methods for the assessment of fibrotic diseases and tumor desmoplasia in abdominal organs. Magn Reson Med 73:2249–2254, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Changes in α7β1 integrin signaling after eccentric exercise in heat‐shocked rat soleus
Authors: Graham Zachary A. , Touchberry Chad D. , Gupte Anisha A. , Bomhoff Gregory L. , Geiger Paige C. , Gallagher Philip M. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTIntroductionα7β1 integrin links the extracellular matrix to the focal adhesion (FA) in skeletal muscle and serves as a stabilizing and signal relayer. Heat shock (HS) induces expression of proteins that interact with the FA.MethodsMale Wistar rats were assigned to 1 of 3 groups: control (CON); eccentric exercise (EE); or EE+HS (HS). Soleus muscle was analyzed at 2 h and 48 h post‐exercise.ResultsThe 120‐kDa α7 integrin decreased in the EE and HS groups, and the 70‐kDa peptide decreased in the EE group at 2 h post‐exercise. Total expression of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and RhoA were decreased in EE and HS at 2 h post‐exercise. Expression of phosphorylated FAK397 decreased in the EE group but not the HS group at 2 h post‐exercise.ConclusionsLong‐duration EE may cause alterations in the FA in rat soleus muscle through the α7 integrin subunit and FAK. Muscle Nerve 51: 562–568, 2015
On the representation and implicit integration of general isotropic elastoplasticity based on a set of mutually orthogonal unit basis tensors
Authors: Chen Ming‐Xiang , Peng Qi , Huang Junjie 
Published: June 2014

SUMMARYA simple and compact representation framework and the corresponding efficient numerical integration algorithm are developed for constitutive equations of isotropic elastoplasticity. Central to this work is the utilization of a set of mutually orthogonal unit tensor bases and the corresponding invariants. The set of bases can be regarded equivalently as a local cylindrical coordinate system in the three‐dimensional coaxial tensor subspace, namely, the principal space. The base tensors are given in the global coordinate system. Similar to the principal space approach, the proposed method reduces the problem dimension from six to three. In contrast to the conventional approach, the transformation procedure between the principal space and the general space is avoided and explicit computation of the principal axes is bypassed. With the proposed technique, the matrices, which need to be inverted during iteration, take a simple form for the great majority of constitutive equations in use. The tangent operator consistent with the proposed algorithm can be decomposed into the direct sum of two linear maps over the coaxial tensor subspace and the subspace orthogonal to it. Consequently, its closed form is derived in an extremely simple manner. Finally, numerical examples demonstrate the high quality performances of the proposed scheme. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Understanding public awareness of nonprofit organizations: exploring the awareness–confidence relationship
Authors: McDougle Lindsey 
Published: June 2014

Public confidence has often been viewed as a critical indicator of legitimacy within the nonprofit sector. Indeed, confidence is believed to be among one of the sector's most important commodities. Surveys, however, have shown that the public does not always have much confidence in the performance of nonprofit organizations. Although this lack of confidence is certainly concerning, few studies have assessed whether the public actually has any awareness of what nonprofit organizations are, and no studies have examined the personal characteristics associated with more (or less) nonprofit awareness. Thus, by using individual‐level data from a survey of public attitudes toward nonprofits in San Diego County (n = 1002), the purpose of this study was to explore how individual characteristics relate to nonprofit awareness and to examine the extent to which awareness of the sector influences confidence in the performance of nonprofit organizations. The findings from the study indicate that nonprofit awareness varies by several individual‐level characteristics—with many of those likely to be the most dependent on nonprofit services being the least aware of the sector. The findings also indicate that awareness of the sector is the most significant predictor of confidence in the performance of nonprofits.Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Measuring frailty using claims data for pharmacoepidemiologic studies of mortality in older adults: evidence and recommendations
Authors: Kim Dae Hyun , Schneeweiss Sebastian 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTPurposeGeriatric frailty is a common syndrome of older adults that is characterized by increased vulnerability to adverse health outcomes and influences treatment choice. Pharmacoepidemiologic studies that rely on administrative claims data in older adults are limited by confounding due to unmeasured frailty. A claims‐based frailty score may be useful to minimize confounding by frailty in such databases. We provide an overview of definitions and measurement of frailty, evaluated the claims‐based models of frailty in literature, and recommend ways to improve frailty adjustment in claims analysis.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE and EMBASE from inception to April 2014, without language restriction, to identify claims‐based multivariable models that predicted frailty or its related outcome, disability. We critically appraised their approach, including population, predictor selection, outcome definition, and model performance.ResultsOf 152 reports, three models were identified. One model that predicted poor functional status using healthcare service claims in a representative sample of community‐dwelling and institutionalized older adults showed an excellent discrimination (C statistic, 0.92). The other two models that predicted disability using either diagnosis codes or prescription claims alone in institutionalized or frail adults had limited generalizability and modest model performance. None of the models have been applied to reduce confounding bias in pharmacoepidemiologic studies of drug therapy.ConclusionsWe found little research conducted on development and application of a claims‐based frailty index for confounding adjustment in pharmacoepidemiologic studies in older adults. More research is needed to advance this innovative, potentially useful approach by incorporating the expertise from aging research. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lysine ubiquitination and acetylation of human cardiac 20S proteasomes
Authors: Zong Nobel , Ping Peipei , Lau Edward , Choi Howard J. H. , Ng Dominic C. M. , Meyer David , Fang Caiyun , Li Haomin , Wang Ding , Zelaya Ivette M. , Yates John R. , Lam Maggie P. Y. 
Published: June 2014

PurposeAltered proteasome functions are associated with multiple cardiomyopathies. While the proteasome targets polyubiquitinated proteins for destruction, it itself is modifiable by ubiquitination. We aim to identify the exact ubiquitination sites on cardiac proteasomes and examine whether they are also subject to acetylations.Experimental designAssembled cardiac 20S proteasome complexes were purified from five human hearts with ischemic cardiomyopathy, then analyzed by high‐resolution MS to identify ubiquitination and acetylation sites. We developed a library search strategy that may be used to complement database search in identifying PTM in different samples.ResultsWe identified 63 ubiquitinated lysines from intact human cardiac 20S proteasomes. In parallel, 65 acetylated residues were also discovered, 39 of which shared with ubiquitination sites.Conclusion and clinical relevanceThis is the most comprehensive characterization of cardiac proteasome ubiquitination to date. There are significant overlaps between the discovered ubiquitination and acetylation sites, permitting potential crosstalk in regulating proteasome functions. The information presented here will aid future therapeutic strategies aimed at regulating the functions of cardiac proteasomes.
Designating the MVP
Authors: Strom Carolyn 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis teaching tip highlights a strategy that assists teachers in structuring classroom discussions about texts. Specifically, this conversational technique helps students think and talk about a text beyond its literal meaning. During classroom conversations that employ this strategy, teachers help students extend their overall understanding of a text and give them structured opportunities to synthesize its information. This strategy requires students to make decisions about why a particular phrase is the Most Valuable Phrase (MVP) within a text as a whole. Using specific MVP criteria as a reference point, students practice explaining the ways in which certain phrases from a text are connected to its Main idea. Additionally, students are guided to analyze the author's craft by citing Vivid language and by explaining why a particular portion of a text qualifies as a “Phrase that stays.”
Iatrogenic perforation of intertwin membrane after laser surgery for twin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome
Authors: Peeters S. H. P. , Stolk T. T. , Slaghekke F. , Middeldorp J. M. , Klumper F. J. , Lopriore E. , Oepkes D. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo evaluate management and outcome of iatrogenic monoamniotic twins (iMAT) compared with twins with intact intertwin dividing membranes after laser surgery for twin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS).MethodsThis was a retrospective analysis of twins with and without iatrogenic rupture of the intertwin membranes that had been treated for TTTS with laser surgery at our center between 2004 and 2012. Primary outcomes were perinatal survival and severe neonatal morbidity. Secondary outcomes were mode of delivery, gestational age at birth and cord entanglement.ResultsIn total, 338 pregnancies were included. In 67/338 (20%) pregnancies, iMAT was suspected antenatally. In 47 of these 67 (70%), a preterm Cesarean section was performed for monoamnionicity. Perinatal survival was 108/134 (81%) vs 396/542 (73%) in twins with intact intertwin membranes (P = 0.13). Mean gestational age at birth in iMAT was 31 completed weeks, compared to 33 weeks in twins with intact membranes (P < 0.01). At birth, cord entanglement was present in 8/67 (12%) iMAT pregnancies. Severe neonatal morbidity was assessed in 106/110 (96%) in iMAT cases and 392/416 (94%) in controls. The incidence of severe neonatal morbidity was 28/106 (26%) in iMAT vs 72/392 (18%) in controls (P = 0.25). Severe cerebral injury was significantly increased in the iMAT group as compared with controls, at 16/106 (15%) vs 18/392 (5%) (P < 0.01).ConclusionsIatrogenic rupture of intertwin membranes was suspected in 20% of pregnancies treated with laser therapy for TTTS and was associated with a lower gestational age at birth and increased neonatal morbidity. Copyright © 2014 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Investigating El Niño‐Southern Oscillation and society relationships
Authors: Zebiak Stephen E. , Orlove Ben , Muñoz Ángel G. , Vaughan Catherine , Hansen James , Troy Tara , Thomson Madeleine C. , Lustig Allyza , Garvin Samantha 
Published: June 2014

Throughout at least the past several centuries, El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has played a significant role in human response to climate. Over time, increased attention on ENSO has led to a better understanding of both the physical mechanisms, and the environmental and societal consequences of the phenomenon. The prospects for seasonal climate forecasting emerged from ENSO studies, and were first pursued in ENSO studies. In this paper, we review ENSO's impact on society, specifically with regard to agriculture, water, and health; we also explore the extent to which ENSO‐related forecasts are used to inform decision making in these sectors. We find that there are significant differences in the uptake of forecasts across sectors, with the highest use in agriculture, intermediate use in water resources management, and the lowest in health. Forecast use is low in areas where ENSO linkages to climate are weak, but the strength of this linkage alone does not guarantee use. Moreover, the differential use of ENSO forecasts by sector shows the critical role of institutions that work at the boundary between science and society. In a long‐term iterative process requiring continual maintenance, these organizations serve to enhance the salience, credibility, and legitimacy of forecasts and related climate services. WIREs Clim Change 2015, 6:17–34. doi: 10.1002/wcc.294This article is categorized under:

Climate, History, Society, Culture > World Historical Perspectives
Social Status of Climate Change Knowledge > Climate Science and Decision Making
Scheduling and routing methods for cognitive radio sensor networks in regular topology
Authors: Li Wenxiang , Leung Victor C.M. , Zhu Chunsheng , Ma Yajie 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWireless sensor network of regular topology is efficient in area covering and targets locating. However, communications with fixed channels lead to low spectrum efficiency and high probability of conflicts. This paper proposes economical timeslots‐and‐channels allocation methods for scheduling links in square, triangle, and hexagon lattice topologies. Based on these scheduling methods in square lattice, the authors explore routing methods for load balance and delay minimization, respectively, and compare their effects on transmission delay and energy consumption. The OMNet++‐based simulation for square lattice verified the effectiveness of scheduling methods for improving network throughput and made performance comparison among different scheduling methods. It also proved that delay minimization‐oriented routing helps to reduce the energy consumption for node standing by and load balance‐oriented routing helps to reduce the energy consumption for packets transmission. However, there is trade‐off between the reductions of the two types of energy consumptions. The authors further propose the idea of hybrid routing with the two aforementioned routing methods for reducing overall energy consumption and explore the challenges and countermeasures for hybrid routing optimization. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel method for camera‐trapping small mammals
Authors: MCCleery Robert A. , Zweig Christa L. , Desa Melissa A. , Hunt Rodney , Kitchens Wiley M. , Percival H. Franklin 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTCamera traps have increased our knowledge of animal distribution, activity, and behavior, but they are rarely used for small mammal research. This is likely because there are few techniques to that allow for species identification, reduce disturbance of bait from non‐target animals (e.g., raccoon [Procyon lotor]), and that can be used in all environments. In this paper we present a small mammal camera‐trapping methodology, the Hunt trap, which was designed to 1) work in tidal environments, 2) eliminate capture myopathy, 3) allow for successful identification of small mammal species, and 4) allow for continued trapping after disturbance by non‐target species. We tested the Hunt trap in the Lower Suwannee National Wildlife Refuge, Florida, USA, during February 2012 to February 2013. Live traps are still the best option when individuals must be physically captured for marking, radiotagging, demographic studies, or physiological assessments. However, if such data are not required, the Hunt trap design is an excellent technique to monitor species diversity, community composition, habitat selection, and distribution with efficiency and minimal effort. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Opportunistically acquired evidence is unsuitable data to model fox (Vulpes vulpes) distribution in Tasmania
Authors: Marks Clive A. , Obendorf David , Pereira Filipe , Edwards Ivo , Hall Graham P. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTDespite the absence of direct observation of live foxes in the Tasmanian environment, a recent study concluded that foxes are now widespread on the island and proposed a habitat‐specific model incorporating 9 cases of physical evidence presumed to confirm their unique presence. We briefly review the history of fox incursions into Tasmania and then assess the quality of putative physical evidence against a defined evidentiary standard. Overall, 14 of 17 incidents described since 1998 were associated with between 1 and 4 criteria indicative of unreliable data or were not associated with adequately documented physical evidence. Anonymous and anecdotal information was fully or partially relied upon in 10 of 17 cases and of these 5 were widely acknowledged to be hoaxes. We conclude that opportunistically acquired evidence is a poor substitute for data obtained by properly designed and independent wildlife surveys for confirming unique fox incursions and as the basis of ecological models predicting true habitat‐specific fox distribution. Species rarity decreases the reliability of wildlife surveys and population models; thus validation of unique incursions in particular requires appropriate rigor in evidentiary standards and data quality. Precautionary management that may be considered in response to uncertain information, or opportunistically collected specimens of doubtful provenance, does not imply that such information should be treated as scientific data. We suggest that an eradication program is justified as a precautionary measure only after rigorous qualitative analysis reveals data capable of rejecting the null hypothesis that the species of interest is absent. © 2014 The Wildlife Society.
First Record of Palynofossils from the Fulra Limestone Formation (Middle Eocene) of Kachchh Basin, Gujarat and their Palaeoenvironmental Implications
Authors: Sarkar Samir , Mandal J. P. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract:
The present paper deals with the first record of a palynofloral assemblage recovered from the Fulra Limestone Formation exposed at the confluence of Fulra and Panandhro Nalas in the west of Babia hill, Kachchh basin, Gujarat. The recovered palynoflora consists of dinoflagellate cysts, fungal spores and ascostromata, pteridophyte spores, gymnosperm and angiosperm pollen. Some of the important constituents of the palynofloral assemblage are: Lygodiumsporites, Polypodiaceasporites, Polypodiisporites, Margocolporites, Tricolporopilites, Tricolporopollis, Graminidites, Aplanosporites, Phragmothyrites, Spiniferites, Operculodinium and Achomosphaera. Palynological data suggest that the Fulra Limestone Formation was mostly laid down in a shallow marine environment under a warm and humid tropical climate. Abundance of terrestrial palynofossils in some of the samples clearly points towards the relative proximity of the shore. A late middle Eocene age has been assigned for the Fulra Limestone Formation on the basis of recorded palynofossils.
Radon in Groundwater in Tumkur District of Karnataka with Special Reference to Sampling Sensitivity
Authors: Md. Najeeb K. , Vinayachandran N. , Jose Bijimol , Vashistha Rahul 
Published: June 2014

Abstract:
Radon is a naturally occurring colourless and odourless radioactive gas that is soluble in water and is the main source of radioactivity of groundwater. Use of radon contaminated groundwater increased the radon levels in the air, especially in poorly ventilated houses, which is hazardous to health. Ingestion of such water for quite long period may lead to stomach cancer. The drinking water standards proposed by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) exclude the permissible concentration of radon in drinking water. The US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) in 1991 proposed a Maximum Concentration Level (MCL) of 11.1 Bq/l for public water supply. The water samples from the bore wells in Tumkur district of Karnataka show radon concentrations in the range of 5 to 250 Bq/l. Ninety percentages of the samples show radon levels above the permissible limit as per USEPA. The spatial variation and geological control over radon concentration in groundwater in the area and sampling sensitivity are discussed here. The study was conducted during March 2012.