bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“I will find the best method that will work for me”: navigating contraceptive journeys amongst South African adolescent girls and young women
Authors: Duby Zoe , Bergh Kate , Bunce Brittany , Jonas Kim , Slingers Nevilene , Mathews Catherine , Abdullah Fareed 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Given that South Africa has one of the highest rates of pregnancy amongst adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) globally, the provision of contraceptives to this group has been a key focus in recent years. Pregnancy prevention involves an on-going continuum of decision-making around contraceptive method choice, uptake, use, experience, continuation, and discontinuation.

Methods
This paper presents analysis of data from a cross-sectional survey with 2376 AGYW, as well as qualitative in-depth interviews (IDIs) with 54 AGYW, inclusive of contraceptive journey narratives. We examine the preferences, valued characteristics, choices, beliefs, understandings and experiences of choosing and using contraceptives amongst AGYW in two South African communities characterised by high rates of pregnancy.

Results
These findings shed light on the preferences towards, beliefs about, and experiences of choosing, using and discontinuing contraceptive methods amongst this population, with survey data suggesting that the most popular methods were the injection, followed by the implant, and then the oral pill. Findings illustrate the complexity and dynamic nature of contraceptive decision-making and the varied embodied and lived experiences of contraceptive use, and how these are impacted by contraception service provision.

Conclusions
Our findings show that contraception experiences of each individual are cumulative, and comprise a continuum of method initiation, use, discontinuation, method switching and on-going circular decision-making influenced by multiple social, structural, contextual and interpersonal factors, combined with shifting preferences, values and needs. To maximise the use of contraceptives amongst South African AGYW, it is necessary to provide responsive contraception service provision to reflect the changing contexts and preferences of users, in order to ensure that pregnancy prevention needs are catered for throughout their reproductive life course.
Planning a sustainable neurosurgery mentorship program in a war-torn country: experience from Iraq
Authors: Al-Ageely Teeba A. , Ismail Mustafa , Alaraji Zinah A. , Abdulwahid Jaafar , Ayad Fatima , Jaafar Huda , Aktham Awfa , Salih Hayder R. , Hoz Samer 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe importance of mentorships in medical education and neurosurgery is highly attributed to the support and encouragement of the advances and learning opportunities for medical students and junior neurosurgeons. Planning a mentorship program according to the target audience offers to satisfy different interests and enhance education. One of the main issues with most of the already implemented programs is the sustainability and inability to maintain continuous cycles of mentorship, which have a negative impact and have led to an interrupted pattern of learning which eventually leads to a decline in the engagement of participants and loss of interest. This problem is most pronounced in war-torn countries, with Iraq as an example, where external circumstances lead to an arrest in the educational process and a depletion of the resources useful for such programs and training courses. This paper aims to address the main pathways essential in planning a sustainable mentorship program in a war-torn country by highlighting our experience in maintaining an ongoing mentorship with nine consecutive courses over the last 6 years in Iraq.
The Chinese version of patient experience with treatment and self-management (PETS vs. 2.0): translation and validation in patients with multimorbidity in primary care in Hong Kong
Authors: Xu Zijun , Zhang Dexing , Zhao Yang , Ghosh Arpita , Peiris David , Li Yiqi , Wong Samuel Yeung Shan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Validated and comprehensive tools to measure treatment burden are needed for healthcare professionals to understand the treatment burden of patients in China. The study aimed to translate and validate the Chinese version of Patient Experience with Treatment and Self-management (PETS vs. 2.0) in patients with multimorbidity in primary care.

Methodology
The translation process of the 60-item PETS vs. 2.0 followed the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT) Translation, Formatting, and Testing Guidelines. Computer-assisted assessments were conducted in adult primary care patients with multimorbidity from three general out-patient clinics in Hong Kong. A sample of 502 patients completed the assessments from July to December 2023. Internal reliability was examined using Cronbach’s alphas for each domain of the PETS vs. 2.0. Concurrent validity was assessed through the correlations between different domains of PETS vs. 2.0 with established measures including quality of life, frailty, and depression. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) with maximum likelihood method was carried out to assess the construct validity.

Results
The mean age of participants was 64.9 years old and 56.2% were female. Internal consistency reliability was acceptable (alpha ≥ 0.70) for most domains. Higher scores of PETS domains were significantly correlated with worse quality of life, higher level of frailty, and more depressive symptoms (p < 0.05). In CFA, after setting the covariances on the error variances, the adjusted model revealed an acceptable model fit (χ2/df = 1.741; root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.038; standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) = 0.058; comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.911; Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) = 0.903). All standardized factor loadings were 0.30 or above. Significant positive correlations between the latent factors were found for all factor pairs (correlation coefficient < 0.8).

Conclusions
The Chinese version of PETS vs. 2.0 is a reliable and valid tool for assessing the perceived treatment burden in patients with multimorbidity in primary care. All domains and items in the original questionnaires were retained.
Understanding the synergy between heat waves and the built environment: a three-decade systematic review informing policies for mitigating urban heat island in cities
Authors: Joshi Ketaki , Khan Ansar , Anand Prashant , Sen Joy 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe escalating frequencies and intensities of heat waves have become a global concern in the face of climate change. Cities are increasingly vulnerable to overheating due to the amplification of urban heat island (UHI) during heat waves. Factors influencing the synergetic impact of UHI and heat waves on the built environment are complex, mainly including the degree of urbanization, land use patterns, building morphology, thermal properties of construction materials, and variations in moisture fluxes and heat sinks. Researchers worldwide are extensively exploring the characteristics of heat waves, the factors influencing heat waves in urban areas, and the impact of heat waves on built environments, as well as possible mitigation measures. However, the existing literature lacks a holistic and comprehensive understanding of the complexities between heat waves and the built environment that is needed for planning and implementing effective mitigation measures in the future. This study systematically presents a comprehensive overview of the global literature of the past three decades related to heat waves and urban built environments, spanning variations in heat wave definitions, factors influencing heat waves in urban areas, heat wave impacts on buildings, energy, occupant health, and infrastructure, mitigation measures, case studies, best practices, future considerations, and challenges. The objective is to synthesize current knowledge and highlight gaps in understanding, providing a foundation for future research. The review suggests that implementing a combination of strategies across various scales, from individual buildings to entire neighborhoods and cities, can contribute to effectively mitigating heat. This includes prioritizing compact and mid-rise buildings with light-colored exteriors, integrating large parks and green spaces, utilizing cool and super cool materials, ensuring effective insulation, employing passive and mixed-mode cooling and ventilation systems in buildings, and incorporating sustainable technology and innovation. Additionally, community participation and social equity are crucial for addressing vulnerabilities at a local level. It highlights the complexity of the relationship between heat waves and the built environment, emphasizing the need for interdisciplinary approaches for sustainable urban development in the face of heat waves. The outcomes can contribute to the formulation of informed policies to mitigate the adverse impacts of heat waves on built surroundings.
Identification of new banana endogenous virus sequences highlights the hallmark gene encoded by retroviruses integrated in banana genomes
Authors: Chen Huazhou , Li Huaping , Rao Xueqin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractEndogenous pararetrovirus sequences (EPRVs) originated from DNA viruses of the family Caulimoviridae are widely present in plant genomes. Banana streak viruses (BSVs) are a group of circular double-stranded DNA viruses in the genus Badnavirus of the family Caulimoviridae. Banana endogenous virus sequences (BEVs) derived from the ancestral genes of badnaviruses and fixed in the genomes of various bananas. However, the genomic characteristics of BEVs remain unknown. In this study, we identified 2 new variants of BEVs GZ5 and GZ13 by sequences analyses, Southern blot, and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). BEV GZ5 had one copy of integration in the BB genome of bananas, while BEV GZ13 was only present in the genome of the variety Dajiao. Importantly, BEV GZ5 contained a complete gene of reverse transcriptase (RT) and ribonuclease H (RNase H) (RT/RNase H). In addition, a 340-bp inverted repeat sequence partially overlapping with RNase H was found upstream and downstream of BEV GZ5. However, the amino acid sequences of BEV GZ5 had deletions and mutations compared with BSVs. The bioinformatics analyses showed that BEV GZ5 protein composed of 412 amino acids with a molecular weight of 47.37 kDa and an isoelectric point of 9.40. Leucine, isoleucine, and lysine (Lys) were the main amino acids of BEV GZ5 protein. The analyses revealed that BEV GZ5 protein contained 35 potential phosphorylation sites. Additionally, it was a hydrophilic protein without a signal peptide and transmembrane region. The secondary structure of BEV GZ5 protein consisted of 37.26% α-helix, followed by 36.25% random coil. To our knowledge, this is the first report that novel BEVs with the complete gene of RT/RNase H has been characterized, which provide a basis for further exploration the function and integration mechanism of BEVs in bananas.
‘Extended’ restricted kinematic alignment results in decreased residual medial gap tightness among osteoarthritic varus knees during robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Eachempati Krishna K. , Parameswaran Apurve , Ponnala Vinay K. , Sunil Apsingi , Sheth Neil P. 
Published: August 2024

AimsThe aims of this study were: 1) to describe extended restricted kinematic alignment (E-rKA), a novel alignment strategy during robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty (RA-TKA); 2) to compare residual medial compartment tightness following virtual surgical planning during RA-TKA using mechanical alignment (MA) and E-rKA, in the same set of osteoarthritic varus knees; 3) to assess the requirement of soft-tissue releases during RA-TKA using E-rKA; and 4) to compare the accuracy of surgical plan execution between knees managed with adjustments in component positioning alone, and those which require additional soft-tissue releases.MethodsPatients who underwent RA-TKA between January and December 2022 for primary varus osteoarthritis were included. Safe boundaries for E-rKA were defined. Residual medial compartment tightness was compared following virtual surgical planning using E-rKA and MA, in the same set of knees. Soft-tissue releases were documented. Errors in postoperative alignment in relation to planned alignment were compared between patients who did (group A) and did not (group B) require soft-tissue releases.ResultsThe use of E-rKA helped restore all knees within the predefined boundaries, with appropriate soft-tissue balancing. E-rKA compared with MA resulted in reduced residual medial tightness following surgical planning, in full extension (2.71 mm (SD 1.66) vs 5.16 mm (SD 3.10), respectively; p < 0.001), and 90° of flexion (2.52 mm (SD 1.63) vs 6.27 mm (SD 3.11), respectively; p < 0.001). Among the study population, 156 patients (78%) were managed with minor adjustments in component positioning alone, while 44 (22%) required additional soft-tissue releases. The mean errors in postoperative alignment were 0.53 mm and 0.26 mm among patients in group A and group B, respectively (p = 0.328).ConclusionE-rKA is an effective and reproducible alignment strategy during RA-TKA, permitting a large proportion of patients to be managed without soft-tissue releases. The execution of minor alterations in component positioning within predefined multiplanar boundaries is a better starting point for gap management than soft-tissue releases.Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2024;5(8):628–636.
Adult-onset asthma morbidity and related economic costs in middle age due to intentional chronic absenteeism in high school: An epidemiologic study using the national longitudinal survey of youth 1979 data
Authors: Liao Zongqiang , Francis Neville , Brooks Kevin 
Published: August 2024

Objective
Many authors examined the individual and societal impact of school absenteeism. Nevertheless, no empirical study has looked at the potential direct correlation between deliberate school absences and chronic illnesses in mid-adulthood. Our goal is to investigate any potential direct links between purposeful school absences and adult-onset asthma in middle age, as well as measure any associated costs of asthma.

Methods
Data were sourced from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979, a nationally representative survey. The outcome measure was self-reported asthma in mid-adulthood. School records of absenteeism from grades nine through twelve were the key explanatory variables. Logistic regressions were performed with controls for demographic, economic and health variables. Predicted probabilities from the regressions were used to quantify costs of adult-onset asthma in middle age due to intentional high school absenteeism.

Results
More years of chronic absenteeism in high school were associated with higher risk of adult-onset asthma in middle age. Four years of chronic absenteeism in high school during the late 1970s through the early 1980s could potentially have incurred between $817 million to $1 billion of asthma related costs in 2002, when these students were in their mid-adulthood. These potential asthma related costs due to high school absenteeism are sizeable considering that this high school cohort only accounted for six percent of the U.S. population.

Conclusions
Reducing high school absenteeism could lower the incidence of adult-onset asthma in middle age, and its associated future economic burden.
Model construction and thrombolytic treatment of rat portal vein thrombosis
Authors: Wang Zixiang , Su Chenguang , Liao Zheng , Li Zixin , Wang Jianli , Fu Shijie , Li Jian , Liu Jinlong 
Published: August 2024

Objective
To construct a stable rat portal vein thrombosis (PVT) model and explore the time window of urokinase thrombolytic therapy on this basis.

Methods
Constructing a rat PVT model by combining anhydrous ethanol disruption of portal endothelium with stasis of blood flow. Forty-eight rats after PVT modeling were divided into control group and experimental group, with 24 rats in each group. The experimental and control groups were given urokinase treatment and saline tail vein injection, respectively. The two groups of rats were observed and compared for PVT formation at 1, 3 and 5 days after modeling, respectively.

Results
A stable rat PVT model was successfully constructed. No significant differences were found in PVT length, portal vein wet weight, and percentage of luminal occlusion area in the control rats at 1, 3, and 5 days after successful modeling (P > 0.05). Compared with control rats 1 day after modeling, the percentage of non-organized thrombus luminal area was significantly decreased (P < 0.0001), and the percentage of organized thrombus luminal area was significantly increased (P < 0.0001) in the PVTs of control rats at 3 and 5 days after modeling. After thrombolytic treatment with urokinase, plasma fibrinogen (FBG) levels were significantly decreased in the experimental group of rats compared with the control group (P < 0.0001), and plasma D-dimer (D2D) levels were significantly increased in the experimental group of rats compared with the control group (P < 0.0001). In addition, we observed prolongation of prothrombin time (PT) in the experimental group at 1, 3 and 5 days after modeling compared to the control group (P = 0.0001). Compared with the control group, portal vein wet weight and PVT length were significantly decreased in the experimental group of rats at 1 day after modeling (P < 0.05), whereas these differences were not found in the two groups of rats at 3 and 5 days after modeling (P > 0.05). The percentage of non-organized thrombus area in the experimental group was significantly decreased compared with that in the control group at 1, 3, and 5 days after modeling (P < 0.05), whereas there was no significant difference in the percentage of lumen area of organized thrombus between the two groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusion
The method of producing a rat PVT model by destroying the endothelium of the portal vein by anhydrous ethanol combined with blood flow stasis is feasible and reproducible. In addition, the optimal time window for thrombolysis in the treatment of PVT in rats using urokinase is the early stage of thrombosis, when the fibrin content is highest.
The Transformative Development Potential of Higher Education in the 4th Industrial Revolution: A strategic innovation ecosystem approach for technological development and knowledge transfer in the 21st century Cameroon
Authors: Bafon Joel shom , Tanyi Adolphe M. , Kamdjo Carole V. , Djeumeni Marcelline T. 
Published: August 2024

This study examined the transformative development potential of higher education through an innovation ecosystem model for knowledge and technological transfer. The sustainability of socio-economic development requires a robust national and regional innovation ecosystem in which higher education plays an important role. The challenge with the Cameroon higher is a transition from the tradition rigid system to a more dynamic knowledge society and value creation ecosystem. Theoretically, we adopted the innovation ecosystem approach. For the research methodology we use a correlational research design. We selected 9 advanced schools of technology, engineering and management from public and private sector across four regions of Cameroon with sample of 370 respondents. We used spearman correlational ranking to test our threes hypotheses. Our three hypotheses were significantly confirmed at PV=0.000 or 95% with the significant predictive coefficient of 59.7%, 55.8% and 71.3% respectively. From these findings, we concluded that the transformative potential of higher education in the four industrial revolution is evident through technological knowledge networks, innovation/knowledge clusters and transformative digital governance. We recommend that public policy development and institutional strategic leaders should consider these indicators as benchmarks for higher education quality assurance and responsiveness tools. These will ensure the emerges of the clustered innovation ecosystem and competitive intelligence approaches, strategic capabilities that contribute to sustainable socio-economic development of Cameroon and Africa.
Rancang Bangun Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Bayu (PLTB) Untuk Daya Lampu Navigasi
Authors: Abdillah Muhammad Rauf , Santoso Agus Dwi , Nofandi Faris 
Published: August 2024

Listrik merupakan hal terpenting untuk penerangan. Penerangan sendiri bagian yang tidak terlepas dari kehidupan manusia,termasuk di dunia pelayaran. Pada peraturan dunia pelayaran Peraturan Pencegahan Tubrukan di Laut (P2TL) bagian C. Sering terjadi juga saat Auxiliary engine (AE) terdapat masalah saat malam hari maka aliran listrik tidak di distribusikan ke lampu navigasi. Oleh karena itu diperlukan sumber energi lain untuk memasok ke lampu navigasi yaitu energi terbarukan dari angin atau Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Bayu (PLTB).PLTB merupakan salah satu energi terbarukan yang bersumber dari energi angin, cocok digunakan dikapal dikarena potensi angin yang tinggi dan stabil. Namun pemilihan turbin untuk PLTB haruslah cocok dengan kondisi yang akan digunakan. Karena faktor tersebut penulis membuat PLTB dengan tipe turbin horizontal 3 sudu yang mampu memaksimalkan energi angin. Metode yang digunakan yaitu perancangan sistem untuk mengetahui distribusi daya dari sumber sampai ke beban dan perancangan alat hal ini digunakan untuk mengetahui hardware yang digunakan. Dengan menggunakan PLTB yang mencakup sensor arus dan tegangan untuk lampu navigasi, sistem dapat memasok daya dengan efisien dan mampu menganalisis daya yang dihasilkan.
Ulyanov inequalities for the mixed moduli of smoothness in mixed metrics
Authors: Simonov Boris V. , Jumabayeva Ainur A. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this paper, mixed moduli of smoothness of functions of two variables are studied. We prove
Ulyanov-type inequalities between mixed moduli of smoothness of positive orders in different metrics.
Estimates for the mixed moduli of smoothness of the derivative of a function are also obtained in terms of the mixed moduli of smoothness of the function itself.