bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationships of Coronary Heart Disease With 27-Hydroxycholesterol, Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, and Menopausal Hormone Therapy
Authors: Rossouw Jacques E. , Prentice Ross L. , Manson JoAnn E. , Aragaki Aaron K. , Hsia Judith , Martin Lisa W. , Kuller Lewis , Johnson Karen C. , Eaton Charles , Jackson Rebecca , Trevisan Maurizio , Allison Matthew , Hoogeveen Ron C. 
Published: August 2012

Background—
Menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) increases the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) in older women with elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDLC) levels. The endogenous estrogen receptor antagonist 27-hydroxycholesterol (27OHC) is correlated with LDLC levels and may block the beneficial effects of estrogen on the cardiovascular system.

Methods and Results—

We conducted a nested case-control study in the Women's Health Initiative trials of 350 CHD cases and 813 matched controls to explore potential mediation by 27OHC of the dependence of the CHD risk elevation with MHT on LDLC. Baseline levels of 27OHC were not associated with CHD risk when LDLC was included in the multivariable models. The odds ratio for CHD associated with increased LDLC was 1.15 (95% confidence interval, 1.08–1.23) and was unchanged at 1.14 (95% confidence interval, 1.07–1.22) when 27OHC was added to the model. Baseline 27OHC did not interact with MHT on CHD risk (
P
=0.81). In contrast, LDLC levels modified the effect of MHT on CHD risk (
P
for interaction=0.02), and adding 27OHC did not affect this result. With the use of log scales, the effect of MHT on CHD increased linearly with increasing level of baseline LDLC, with a transition from no risk to increased risk at ≈3.36 mmol/L (130 mg/dL).

Conclusions—
This study found that 27OHC does not independently increase the risk of CHD, does not modify the increased risk of CHD resulting from MHT, and does not mediate the interaction of LDLC with MHT. Measuring blood lipids may aid in counseling individual women about initiating MHT and cardiovascular risk mitigation.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00000611.
Documenting Mexico’s Culture War
Authors: Maier Elizabeth 
Published: August 2012

The tension between cosmopolitan and conservative viewpoints in Mexico positions women’s bodies and human reproduction at the core of today’s dispute over cultural meaning. A review of the history of abortion politics in Mexico, the legalization of abortion in Mexico City in 2007, and the ensuing passage of right-to-life laws in 17 Mexican states highlights the contending discourses, actors, and actions that make this issue emblematic of Mexico’s culture war. La tensión entre las perspectivas cosmopolita y conservadora en México ha situado el cuerpo de la mujer, la sexualidad y la reproducción humana en el núcleo de la disputa por los significados culturales. Un resumen de la historia de las políticas de aborto en México, la legalización del aborto en la Ciudad de México en 2007 y la posterior aprobación en diecisiete estados de leyes que protegen la vida desde la concepción pone de relieve algunos discursos, actores y acciones centrales de la guerra cultural mexicana.
A novel CACNA1A mutation results in episodic ataxia with migrainous features without headache
Authors: Magis Delphine , Boon Elles , Coppola Gianluca , Daron Aurore , Schoenen Jean 
Published: September 2012

Background: The mechanisms subtending migrainous features, like sensoriphobia, remain poorly understood even though recent works have shed new light on their mechanisms. Case report: A 24-year-old woman consulted the headache clinic because of frequent paroxysmal attacks of strong sensoriphobia, digestive signs, moderate ataxia and a need to lie in the dark, without any headache. The symptoms had begun in infancy and the patient had been treated for hysteria, then for epilepsy. As she had some typical features of episodic ataxia type 2, an analysis of CACNA1A gene was performed and demonstrated a novel c3995 + 1G>A mutation. The same mutation was also discovered in her young son, who had an ataxia of unknown origin. Both remarkably improved under acetazolamide. Conclusions: This observation suggests that paroxysmal sensoriphobia and digestive signs can occur together in bouts in neurological conditions other than migraine, and in the absence of head pain. It raises interesting hypotheses about the central pathways driving these symptoms.
Evaluation of acute toxicity potential of water hyacinth leaves
Authors: Wu Wenbiao , Guo Xiaoguang , Huang Mingliang 
Published: August 2012

Although higher protein yield per hectare of water hyacinth than that of soy, high protein content of its leaves and good essential amino acid pattern have been proven, its dietary toxicity for human or animal consumption has not yet been evaluated. Therefore, the acute toxicity of water hyacinth leaves has been evaluated by an animal feeding test. The concentrations of common toxic metals including cadmium, lead, platinum, palladium, tin, mercury, barium, silver, stibium and aluminum in the water hyacinth leaf powder (WHLP) used for the animal feeding test were within their maximum limits in food additives as reported by the World Health Organization. The median lethal dose (LD50) of WHLP was more than 16 g kg−1 body weight. In the study, after feeding for 7 and 28 days, the body weight of all the mice increased. The results of hematological analysis, clinical biochemical analysis, histopathological evaluation, general dissection or investigations of internal organs, appearance and behavior observations did not indicate any adverse effects from the diet containing WHLP. It is therefore concluded that water hyacinth leaves are not acutely toxic.
Distribution and pharmacokinetics of double-radiolabeled endotoxin in the rat brain and peripheral organs
Authors: Kim Chung S , Ross Ivan A , Sapienza Philip P , Hanes Darcy E , Johnson Widmark , Hutter Joseph C 
Published: August 2012

The endotoxin, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), of Salmonella typhimurium was biosynthetically labeled with 3H and 14C incorporated into the fatty acyl chains and glucosamine residues, respectively. The radio-labeled LPS was isolated from the bacteria and then injected into Sprague-Dawley rats. The distribution of 14C and 3H-LPS in plasma and other organs was determined following intraperitoneal (IP) doses of 14C and 3H-LPS (200 μg/kg). Plasma concentrations of both fatty acyl chains and glucosamine residues were biphasic, with a relatively rapid decay followed by a slow decline for 48 h. Similar biphasic results were found in the peripheral organs (kidney and heart) and brain barrier tissues (meninges and choroid plexus). In other brain tissues (brain stem, caudate nucleus, hypothalamus, frontal cortex, cerebellum and hippocampus), the glucosamine residue was biphasic, whereas the fatty acyl chains showed accumulation. Highest concentrations of LPS were found in the plasma, spleen and the liver. In addition, in the liver, sustained elevations of 14C-glucosamine and 3H-fatty acyl chains were observed. This indicates LPS accumulation in the liver. By contrast, the spleen showed biphasic decay of glucosamine residues and accumulation of fatty acyl chains. In the brain barrier tissues, peak LPS concentrations were significantly reduced (about 70%) and were further reduced (about 95%) in other brain tissues. The high elevation of LPS in the spleen is considered indicative of an immune response. Our findings highlight the potential significant role of lipid A as shown with the sustained elevation of 3H-fatty acyl chains in the brain.
Results of a 90-day inhalation study of dicyclopentadiene in B6C3F1 mice
Authors: Kransler Kevin M 
Published: August 2012

The objective of this inhalation study was to determine and evaluate the potential toxic effects of dicyclopentadiene vapor in mice exposed for 13-weeks of repeated inhalation. Four groups, each consisting of 45 male and 45 female B6C3F1 mice, were exposed to dicyclopentadiene vapor by inhalation 6 h/day, 5 days/week, for 13 weeks (64 exposures) at targeted concentrations of 0, 1.0, 5.0, or 50 ppm. An assessment of toxicity is carried out after 2, 6, and 13 weeks of inhalation exposures. Additionally, animals were evaluated during the recovery period of 4 or 13 weeks after the last exposure. Observations and measurements to assess toxicity include clinical observations, body weight, organ weights, serum chemistry, and hematologic, ophthalmologic, gross pathologic, and histologic evaluations. The only systemic effects observed were a few statistically significant changes in organ weights; but these were considered spurious in nature. Ten male and nine female mice in the highest exposure group died during the study, while no more than two mice died in any other group. However, the excess mortality was without an apparent etiology or association to exposure and was attributed to pulmonary congestion as a consequence of pulmonary irritation. Under the conditions of this study, these data demonstrated that in the absence of overt systemic toxicity, respiratory congestion has the predominant effect at the exposure levels of 50 ppm. This observation contributes to the Globally Harmonized System harmonized hazard classification of Single Target Organ Toxicity – Single Exposure (H335, may cause respiratory irritation) for this substance.
How US Mothers Store and Handle Their Expressed Breast Milk
Authors: Labiner-Wolfe Judith , Fein Sara B. 
Published: August 2012

Background: Many mothers express and store their milk to later feed to their infant. Health organizations provide recommendations on expressed milk storage and handling because these practices can affect milk quality and safety. However, little information exists on US mothers’ practices. Objective: To describe how US mothers of healthy infants store and handle their expressed milk and to compare their practices with recommendations. Methods: Mothers participating in the Infant Feeding Practices Study II from 2005-2006 who were expressing milk formed the cohort for this analysis (n = 436-1060, depending on infant age). Participants in this longitudinal mail survey were drawn from a consumer opinion panel and answered questions about milk expression around 2, 5, and 7 months postpartum. Data were analyzed cross sectionally using frequency procedures, and the analysis compared mothers who fed expressed milk with and without also feeding formula. Results: Few mothers stored their milk longer than recommended. Among mothers of the youngest infants in this analysis, 12% heated their milk in a microwave and 17% rinsed bottle nipples with only water before reuse; percentages were similar as infants aged. These practices may pose risks to infant health. Compared with those who fed no formula, mothers who fed both expressed milk and formula were more likely to heat milk in a microwave and, among those with the youngest infants, to rinse bottle nipples with only water between uses. Conclusion: Consumer education should emphasize safe warming and cleaning practices for feeding expressed milk.
Electrical and thermal characterization of doped poly(ethylene oxide)
Authors: Al-Faleh RS , Zihlif AM 
Published: September 2012

Thin films of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) doped with sodium iodide (NaI) were prepared by casting method. The films have an average thickness of 70 µm and contain different NaI concentrations, that is 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 15% by weight (wt%). The dielectric constant, alternating current (AC)-conductivity, and thermal conductivity of the electrolytic composites were studied as a function of applied frequency, temperature, and NaI concentration. The AC conductivity and dielectric constants were determined from the impedance data, and the thermal conductivity was measured using the transient electric pulse method. It was found that the dielectric constants and AC conductivity increase with increasing temperature and NaI concentration. The percolation threshold of the observed AC conductivity occurs at about 1 wt% NaI dispersed in the PEO matrix. The charge transfer in the electrolytic films is dominated by ions transport and creation of more localized energy states due to high amorphous phase in the solid electrolyte. The formed iodide complexes also contribute in increasing the AC quantities. It was found that the thermal conductivity of the polymer electrolyte films increases with both temperature and NaI concentration. Empirical models were used to describe the dependence of electrical and thermal conductivities on the dopant content, frequency, and temperature.
Plantar Heel Pain due to Vascular Leiomyoma (Angioleiomyoma)
Authors: Cheung Man-hong Steve , Lui Tun-hing 
Published: September 2012

The differential diagnosis of heel pain is extensive. The plantar heel pain is usually due to mechanical etiology, including plantar fasciitis, calcaneal spur, stress fracture, and nerve entrapment. Tumor is a rare cause of plantar heel pain. We present a case of chronic plantar heel pain with a vascular leiomyoma at the heel pad. Levels of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level IV, Case study
Reconstruction of Complex Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus With Cylindrical Sponge Allograft and Particulate Juvenile Cartilage Graft
Authors: Bleazey Scott , Brigido Stephen A. 
Published: September 2012

Osteochondral lesions of the talus can be a challenging injury to treat for even the most experienced foot and ankle surgeon. Although the advances in imaging have made the diagnosis of chondral lesions more accurate, surgeons are still struggling to find ways to reliably treat advanced lesions with subchondral bone damage. This article looks at the use of allograft bone and particulate juvenile cartilage in patients with advanced subchondral bone damage and osteochondral lesions of the talus. Levels of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level IV, Case series
The clinical implication of SRSF2 mutation in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome and its stability during disease evolution
Authors: Wu Shang-Ju , Kuo Yuan-Yeh , Hou Hsin-An , Li Li-Yu , Tseng Mei-Hsuan , Huang Chi-Fei , Lee Fen-Yu , Liu Ming-Chih , Liu Chia-Wen , Lin Chien-Ting , Chen Chien-Yuan , Chou Wen-Chien , Yao Ming , Huang Shang-Yi , Ko Bor-Sheng , Tang Jih-Luh , Tsay Woei , Tien Hwei-Fang 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Recurrent somatic mutation of SRSF2, one of the RNA splicing machinery genes, has been identified in a substantial proportion of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). However, the clinical and biologic characteristics of MDS with this mutation remain to be addressed. In this study, 34 (14.6%) of the 233 MDS patients were found to have SRSF2 mutation. SRSF2 mutation was closely associated with male sex (P = .001) and older age (P < .001). It occurred concurrently with at least 1 additional mutation in 29 patients (85.3%) and was closely associated with RUNX1, IDH2, and ASXL1 mutations (P = .004, P < .001, and P < .001, respectively). Patients with SRSF2 mutation had an inferior overall survival (P = .010), especially in the lower risk patients. Further exploration showed that the prognostic impact of SRSF2 mutation might be attributed to its close association with old age. Sequential analyses in 173 samples from 66 patients showed that all SRSF2-mutated patients retained their original mutations, whereas none of the SRSF2-wild patients acquired a novel mutation during disease evolution. In conclusion, SRSF2 mutation is associated with distinct clinical and biologic features in MDS patients. It is stable during the clinical course and may play little role in disease progression.
Neutrophil extracellular traps mediate transfer of cytoplasmic neutrophil antigens to myeloid dendritic cells toward ANCA induction and associated autoimmunity
Authors: Sangaletti Sabina , Tripodo Claudio , Chiodoni Claudia , Guarnotta Carla , Cappetti Barbara , Casalini Patrizia , Piconese Silvia , Parenza Mariella , Guiducci Cristiana , Vitali Caterina , Colombo Mario P. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAntineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs) target proteins normally retained within neutrophils, indicating that cell death is involved in the autoimmunity process. Still, ANCA pathogenesis remains obscure. ANCAs activate neutrophils inducing their respiratory burst and a peculiar form of cell death, named NETosis, characterized by formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), decondensed chromatin threads decorated with cytoplasmic proteins endorsed with antimicrobial activity. NETs have been consistently detected in ANCA-associated small-vessel vasculitis, and this association prompted us to test whether the peculiar structure of NET favors neutrophil proteins uploading into myeloid dendritic cells and the induction of ANCAs and associated autoimmunity. Here we show that myeloid DCs uploaded with and activated by NET components induce ANCA and autoimmunity when injected into naive mice. DC uploading and autoimmunity induction are prevented by NET treatment with DNAse, indicating that NET structural integrity is needed to maintain the antigenicity of cytoplasmic proteins. We found NET intermingling with myeloid dendritic cells also positive for neutrophil myeloperoxidase in myeloperoxidase-ANCA-associated microscopic poliangiitis providing a potential correlative picture in human pathology. These data provide the first demonstration that NET structures are highly immunogenic such to trigger adaptive immune response relevant for autoimmunity.
NKT cell adjuvant-based tumor vaccine for treatment of myc oncogene-driven mouse B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Mattarollo Stephen R. , West Alison C. , Steegh Kim , Duret Helene , Paget Christophe , Martin Ben , Matthews Geoffrey M. , Shortt Jake , Chesi Marta , Bergsagel P. Leif , Bots Michael , Zuber Johannes , Lowe Scott W. , Johnstone Ricky W. , Smyth Mark J. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractImmunomodulators are effective in controlling hematologic malignancy by initiating or reactivating host antitumor immunity to otherwise poorly immunogenic and immune suppressive cancers. We aimed to boost antitumor immunity in B-cell lymphoma by developing a tumor cell vaccine incorporating α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) that targets the immune adjuvant properties of NKT cells. In the Eμ-myc transgenic mouse model, single therapeutic vaccination of irradiated, α-GalCer–loaded autologous tumor cells was sufficient to significantly inhibit growth of established tumors and prolong survival. Vaccine-induced antilymphoma immunity required NKT cells, NK cells, and CD8 T cells, and early IL-12–dependent production of IFN-γ. CD4 T cells, gamma/delta T cells, and IL-18 were not critical. Vaccine treatment induced a large systemic spike of IFN-γ and transient peripheral expansion of both NKT cells and NK cells, the major sources of IFN-γ. Furthermore, this vaccine approach was assessed in several other hematopoietic tumor models and was also therapeutically effective against AML-ETO9a acute myeloid leukemia. Replacing α-GalCer with β-mannosylceramide resulted in prolonged protection against Eμ-myc lymphoma. Overall, our results demonstrate a potent immune adjuvant effect of NKT cell ligands in therapeutic anticancer vaccination against oncogene-driven lymphomas, and this work supports clinical investigation of NKT cell–based immunotherapy in patients with hematologic malignancies.
Cdc42 regulates neutrophil migration via crosstalk between WASp, CD11b, and microtubules
Authors: Kumar Sachin , Xu Juying , Perkins Charles , Guo Fukun , Snapper Scott , Finkelman Fred D. , Zheng Yi , Filippi Marie-Dominique 
Published: August 2012

AbstractChemotaxis promotes neutrophil participation in cellular defense by enabling neutrophil migration to infected tissue and is controlled by persistent cell polarization. One long-standing question of neutrophil polarity has been how the pseudopod and the uropod are coordinated. In our previous report, we suggested that Rho GTPase Cdc42 controls neutrophil polarity through CD11b signaling at the uropod, albeit through an unknown mechanism. Here, we show that Cdc42 controls polarity, unexpectedly, via its effector WASp. Cdc42 controls WASp activation and its distant localization to the uropod. At the uropod, WASp regulates the reorganization of CD11b integrin into detergent resistant membrane domains; in turn, CD11b recruits the microtubule end binding protein EB1 to capture and stabilize microtubules at the uropod. This organization is necessary to maintain neutrophil polarity during migration and is critical for neutrophil emigration into inflamed lungs. These results suggest unrecognized mechanism of neutrophil polarity in which WASp mediates long-distance control of the uropod by Cdc42 to maintain a proper balance between the pseudopod and the uropod. Our study reveals a new function for WASp in the control of neutrophil polarity via crosstalk between CD11b and microtubules.
Massive evolution of the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus in children with B precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Gawad Charles , Pepin Francois , Carlton Victoria E. H. , Klinger Mark , Logan Aaron C. , Miklos David B. , Faham Malek , Dahl Gary , Lacayo Norman 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe ability to distinguish clonal B-cell populations based on the sequence of their rearranged immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) locus is an important tool for diagnosing B-cell neoplasms and monitoring treatment response. Leukemic precursor B cells may continue to undergo recombination of the IgH gene after malignant transformation; however, the magnitude of evolution at the IgH locus is currently unknown. We used next-generation sequencing to characterize the repertoire of IgH sequences in diagnostic samples of 51 children with B precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). We identified clonal IgH rearrangements in 43 of 51 (84%) cases and found that the number of evolved IgH sequences per patient ranged dramatically from 0 to 4024. We demonstrate that the evolved IgH sequences are not the result of amplification artifacts and are unique to leukemic precursor B cells. In addition, the evolution often follows an allelic exclusion pattern, where only 1 of 2 rearranged IgH loci exhibit ongoing recombination. Thus, precursor B-cell leukemias maintain evolution at the IgH locus at levels that were previously underappreciated. This finding sheds light on the mechanisms associated with leukemic clonal evolution and may fundamentally change approaches for monitoring minimal residual disease burden.
Interplay of foot-and-mouth disease virus, antibodies and plasmacytoid dendritic cells: virus opsonization under non-neutralizing conditions results in enhanced interferon-alpha responses
Authors: Lannes Nils , Python Sylvie , Summerfield Artur 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is a highly infectious member of the Picornaviridae inducing an acute disease of cloven-hoofed species. Vaccine-induced immune protection correlates with the presence of high levels of neutralizing antibodies but also opsonising antibodies have been proposed as an important mechanism of the immune response contributing to virus clearance by macrophages and leading to the production of type-I interferon (IFN) by plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC). The present study demonstrates that the opsonising antibody titres mediating enhanced IFN-α responses in pDC were similar to neutralizing titres, when antigenically related viruses from the same serotype were employed. However, sera cross-reacted also with non-neutralized isolates of multiple serotypes, when tested in this assay. Both uncomplexed virus and immune complexed virus stimulated pDC via Toll-like receptor 7. An additional finding of potential importance for strain-specific differences in virulence and/or immunogenicity was that pDC activation by FMDV strongly differed between viral isolates. Altogether, our results indicate that opsonising antibodies can have a broader reactivity than neutralizing antibodies and may contribute to antiviral responses induced against antigenically distant viruses.