bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Limitation of the right to appeal against the decision to take the case to court
Authors: Nela Xharije 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The Albanian code of criminal procedure regulated with Law 35/2017, dated 30.3.2017, was amended by bringing a subject to procedural delays. The decision of the judge of the preliminary hearing is related to the acceptance of the request to send the case to trial, the dismissal of the accusation or the case and the change of the legal qualification of the criminal offense.
One of the decisions that the Law has given to the judge of the preliminary hearing is the transfer of the case to the court, which takes this decision if it conclusively considers that there is sufficient evidence to send the case to trial, therefore this decision is not allowed to appeal. Therefore, the lawmaker has limited the right to appeal against this decision.
The right to appeal against a court decision is one of the fundamental rights guaranteed in the Constitution of Albania, Article 43 of which sanctions that: “everyone has the right to appeal against a court decision to a higher court, except when otherwise provided in the law for minor criminal offenses, civil or administrative cases of minor importance or value”, in accordance with the conditions provided for in Article 17 of the Constitution. Referring to the Criminal Procedural Law, the Lawmaker stated that the court has a “decision” and an “order” (paragraph 1, Article 112 CPC). In disciplining appeals, the lawmaker in his article 407, paragraph 1, explicitly provided that “the Law determines the cases in which court decisions and orders may be appealed, as well as the remedy for appeal”. Referring to Article 332/g, it is provided that no appeal is allowed against the decision to refer the case to court. Therefore, due to this provision, the right of appeal is limited. This article will address the problems of bringing the case to trial without completing the necessary investigative actions, as it limits to the individual one of the rights that is not only procedural but also material such as the request for a shortened trial which brings not only economic benefits for the proceeding body but also a 1/3 reduction of the sentence for which he can plead guilty. A decision which cannot be appealed to a higher court.
Onco-Nephrology - The need of the hour for kidney care in cancer patients
Authors: Imeraj Matilda , Çuedari Enkelejda , Agaraj Alba , Idrizi Alma 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Constitution of the World Health Organization defines health as “a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.” According to latest Global Cancer Data there are more than 20 million new cancer cases and it is predicted to increase to 77% by 2050. The incidence of kidney impairment in patients with cancer is high and it is related with reduced cancer survival. These numbers confirm that both conditions impact health quality of life and need a multidisciplinary approach in order to provide professional care. Onco-Nephrology is a new evolving sub-speciality that addresses the intersection between oncology and nephrology. In this manuscript we aim to highlight the essential role of approved and specialised knowledge as a need of the hour among these patients, to the fullest attainment of health.
Effect of β-hydroxybutyrate acid on gene expression levels of antioxidant biomarkers and growth hormone–related genes in liver cell culture
Authors: Mohsin Muhammad Ali , Zhou Xiaojing , Huiru Yu , Shen Wenxiang , He Baoxiang , Sobiech Przemysław , Pierzchała Mariusz , Ogłuszka Magdalena , Starzyński Rafał , Kalra Garima , Deshmukh Bharti , Thangarasu Revathy , Kashyap Neeraj , Czarnik Urszula , Lepczyński Adam , Woźniakowski Grzegorz , Pareek Chandra S. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Introduction
In dairy cattle, oxidative stress is a predominant problem associated with diseases and reproductive health issues. This study aimed to detect the variation in the antioxidant biomarkers by adding different concentrations of β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) and sought to elucidate its effects on the gene expression levels of growth hormone (GH) and antioxidant biomarkers in bovine hepatocytes.

Material and Methods
Four antioxidant biomarkers, namely malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH Px) were evaluated using commercially available bovine ELISA kits. The expression levels of the bovine GH, its receptor (GHR), insulin-like growth factor (IGF), IGF-1, IGF-1 receptor, CAT, SOD, GSH-Px and β-actin (as a reference) genes in liver cell culture were determined by reverse transcriptase-PCR assay.

Results
With the increase of BHBA concentration and culture time, the activities of SOD, CAT, and GSH Px biomarkers in hepatocytes decreased. However, the content of MDA in hepatocytes increased gradually with the increase of hepatocyte culture time and BHBA concentration. The qPCR results revealed that after adding BHBA, gene expression levels of GSH-Px, SOD and IGF biomarkers in hepatocytes began to differ in the culture groups at 12 h, whereas the gene expression level of the CAT and GHR biomarkers in hepatocytes began to differ at 6 h.

Conclusion
Quantitative PCR results showed that the BHBA significantly downregulated the expression levels of the GHR gene and CAT, GSH Px and SOD antioxidant biomarker genes.
Chloroquine degradation in aqueous solution under electron beam irradiation
Authors: Kabasa Stephen , Sun Yongxia , Bułka Sylwester , Chmielewski Andrzej G. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Pharmaceutically active compounds are the most widely produced and consumed consumer products that pose a substantial threat to the environment and living organisms owing to their pharmacokinetics, side effects, and contraindications. In this study, the degradation of chloroquine (CQ), a popular antimalarial and recently proposed COVID-19 drug, was investigated under electron beam (EB) irradiation of aqueous solutions. Both the hydroxyl radical and hydrated electron generated in the radiolysis of water contribute to the degradation of CQ in aqueous solution. The overall removal efficiency for 125 mg·L-1 of the CQ solution under EB treatment is reported to be >80% at neutral pH at a maximum irradiation dose of 7 kGy. Removal efficiency is further favored by acidic and slightly alkaline conditions where reactions with hydroxyl radicals and hydrated electrons are favored, respectively. Additionally, increments in the applied dose resulted in the increased removal efficiency for the same concentration of CQ. Conversely, the removal efficiency decreased with increasing concentration of CQ at the same irradiation dose. The initial solution pH, applied irradiation dose, and initial pollutant concentration play an important role in the EB-induced degradation of CQ by influencing the available oxidizing and reducing species. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC) were not significantly decreased during the treatment process and indicated the formation of organic byproducts, which were not further degraded under the current experimental conditions.
The influence of method precision on assessing radiological hazards for patients using radium water in balneotherapy
Authors: Lemańska Joanna , Isajenko Krzysztof , Wiatr Karol , Piotrowska Barbara , Matysiak Agnieszka , Norenberg Maciej , Jednorog Slawomir 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The influence of uncertainty on the method adopted for the determination of radioactive radium concentration in water was analyzed due to the assessment of the radiation hazards of balneotherapy. For the calculation, we considered the influence of the bath in radioactive water containing only 226Ra. 226Ra concentration was determined with two γ-spectrometers armed with HPGe detectors with different relative efficiencies. Both spectrometers were energy-efficiency calibrated with a calibration source and based on numerical simulations. Different methods for qualitative γ-spectrum analysis were adopted. The emanation method and the liquid scintillation method were also used. The uncertainty of humans hazard assessment linearly depends on the adopted radiometric method precision. For effective dose calculation, two models were adopted: the model of external exposure proposed by ICRP Publication 144 and the Reference Men model proposed by ICRP Publication 23, respectively.
Radioactivity characteristics of lignite and hard coals: Case study of Zonguldak (Kozlu), Konya (Karapınar) and Antalya (Pamucakyayla) in Türkiye
Authors: Ozmen Suleyman Fatih , Güllüdağ Cevdet Bertan , Karadirek Selin , Aksoy Ercüment 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In this study, the radioactivity contents of Carboniferous Zonguldak-Kozlu hard coals, Carboniferous Antalya-Pamucakyayla hard coals and Pliocene Konya-Karapınar lignites were determined, then compared with the limit values determined by the authorized institutions and their hazard indexes were determined. The range of measured activity concentrations was from 16.2 Bq·kg−1 to 227.6 Bq·kg−1 for 238U, 20.6 Bq·kg−1 to 67.5 Bq·kg−1 for 232Th and 211.9 Bq·kg−1 to 515.5 Bq·kg−1 for 40K. The calculated mean absorbed gamma dose rate (D), radium equivalent activity (Raeq) and annual equivalent dose (AED) were 105.7 nGy·h−1, 227.9 Bq·kg−1 and 129.6 μSv·h−1, respectively. Although 238U and 232Th radionuclide activity concentrations are comparable to literature values, 40K activity concentrations were around three or four times higher than in UNSCEAR (2000) reports. As it poses a radiological risk, it is necessary to take the necessary precautions to reduce the negative effects on the environment and human health due to use of coals from Konya-Karapınar, Antalya-Pamucakyayla basins and to burn in a controlled manner.
Effectiveness of a Life-Skills Based Intervention during Physical Education on Body Image and Goal Setting Skills in Adolescent Girls
Authors: Klimas Nela , Maciaszek Janusz , Laudańska-Krzemińska Ida 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background: Negative body image in female adolescents is a sign of the times, but it is also a current global issue due to its implications for the onset of health-compromising behaviours and the increasing power of appearance-based social media. The aim of this study is to investigate the protective role of a life-skills based intervention during PE classes in adolescent girls against increasing body dissatisfaction resulting from body composition changes and to assess the impact of intervention on the skill of setting goals.
Method: The study involved 81 female students aged 12–14 years and used a pre-test/post-test control group design. Students participating in a 15-lesson programme (experimental group) were compared to those who had regular PE lessons (control group). Students completed self-reported measures of the analysed life skills. Anthropometric and body composition measurements were also taken.
Results: Despite more rapid biological changes during the programme (significantly higher waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio, BMI at post-test compared to the control group, not observed at baseline) the experimental group stayed at the same level of body dissatisfaction as at baseline (“mild concern”). In goal setting, lack of participation in the programme produced a negative change in the performance-avoid goal orientation (PAGO) dimension (p=0.005) in the control group.
Conclusions: The study suggests that a preventive intervention targeting life skills can be successfully implemented in PE settings and have a probable mitigating effect on body image dissatisfaction, even in situations when subjects experience intensive biological changes.
An Innovative Floating System with a Savonius Rotor as a Horizontal-Axis Wind Turbine
Authors: Grzelak Joanna , Carrillo Lara Guijarro , Nakielski Jacek , Piotrowicz Michał , Doerffer Krzysztof 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In this project, an innovative wind turbine was designed for a floating plant. A large Savonius rotor was replaced with a double-rotor wind turbine implemented as a horizontal-axis turbine. This double rotor was positioned on the tip of a thrust plate and fixed to the deck of a catamaran. Simple 2D numerical simulations were performed to confirm the effectiveness of the concept. An analysis of the floating system configuration was carried out, and the loads and stresses on the system components were verified. Next, floating supports with appropriate sizes were selected to counteract the forces on the wind turbine system. Finally, an anchoring system with full rotational freedom was selected for the floating platform. The present work was conducted as part of a Master’s thesis.
Stability Analysis of Dual-Lifting Vessels under Collaborative Lifting Operation
Authors: Li Dejiang , Li ShuMin , Tan Qiutong , Liu Jiwei , Fu Qiang , Sun Yuhai , Hu Chao 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The current market for the assembly and disassembly of offshore platforms exceeds $100 billion. However, existing methods face limitations that reduce their efficiency. To address these limitations, we propose a dual-vessel collaborative assembly and disassembly system with multiple motion-compensated lifting arms. The compensation system enables the lifting arms to isolate the topside module from the wave-induced loads, and specifically the torque, transmitted from the lifting vessel. Through theoretical derivations based on hydrostatics principles, a mathematical model of the topside module is established. We consider the effects of lifting load, tidal changes and the ballast water system on stability, and develop a stability analysis model for the dual-vessel system. The intact stability and loss-of-load stability under dual-vessel collaborative lifting conditions are analysed to verify compliance with stability requirements for lifting a 30,000 ton topside module. The results conclusively demonstrate that the proposed system with multiple motion-compensated lifting arms meets the stability performance needs for dual-vessel collaborative offshore assembly and disassembly operations.
Optimisation of the Energy Consumption of a Small Passenger Ferry with Hybrid Propulsion
Authors: Kunicka Magdalena 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The main goal in the design phase is to create a safe ship with a very efficient (and preferably zero-emission) propulsion system. To obtain such ships, new concepts are being developed for both propulsion systems and individual components. The choice of a propulsion system is not straightforward. To optimise the selection of the propulsion system, it is valuable to optimise the energy demand of this unit, which can be done by creating operational movement profiles that indicate the differences in energy demand needed to cover the same route within similar times. Optimisation can be performed based on many different criteria, especially for crowded waterways, and can not only reduce the amount of energy needed to power the propulsion system but also increase navigational safety. In this work, optimisation is carried out by searching the space of all possible solutions, which allows for an in-depth analysis according to various criteria.
Effect of Overflowing by Seawater on the Power of a Ship’s Photovoltaic Panels under Extensive Sea Waves
Authors: Zeńczak Wojciech , Zapałowicz Zbigniew 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Since the International Maritime Organization has paved the way towards zero emissions, more frequent applications of transition fuels in newly constructed ships have been observed. Fuels such as LNG or methanol are characterised by lower emissions when burned in engines. In order to diminish fuel consumption, and hence the rate of emission, support for the performance of a ship’s engines with energy from renewable sources such as photovoltaic (PV) installations is increasingly common. The efficiency of PV panels decreases with an increase in temperature, and it is therefore important to cool them. However, the cooling systems for PV panels impose additional financial outlays as well as a higher demand for electric power, which is needed to run the circulating pumps. A natural cooling process can occur in some vessels via high sea waves, when the ship’s decks are flooded by outboard water, although such cooling has an accidental and periodic character, as it results from weather conditions. Despite this, its potential demands a closer examination. This paper presents experimental research carried out with an experimental setup that allowed us to simulate the process of flooding of a PV panel with water waves of various frequencies, resulting from choppy periods at sea. Depending on the weather conditions and the character of flooding, our results indicate that an increase in the power of the PV module of about 18% is obtainable. Our research shows that when the intervals between flooding are longer, the periodic character of the temperature changes obtained by flooding the front surface of a PV panel with water is more distinctive.
Auto-berthing Control for MSVs with a Time-based Generator under Actuator Faults: A Concise Neural Single-Parameter Approach
Authors: Chen Liping 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we study the control problem of auto-berthing marine surface vessels (MSVs) within a predefined, finite time in the restricted waters of a port, in the face of internal and external uncertain dynamics and actuator faults. We first use radial basis function neural networks to reconstruct the internal uncertainties of the system; then, using the minimum learning parameter method, we transform the weights of the neural networks, the external disturbances of the system, and the bias fault factors into an indirect single-parameter neural learning mode. We also apply a robust depth information adaptation technique to estimate the upper bound on the composite disturbances online. Dynamic surface control technology alleviates the burden of virtual control derivative calculations. Finite-time convergence of the system is guaranteed by a predetermined finite-time function based on a time-based generator (TBG). Based on these methods, we design a finite-time fault-tolerant auto-berthing control scheme based on TBG. The stability of the system is analysed based on Lyapunov stability theory. Finally, we verify the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme through simulation.
Are We Ready for Digitalisation? A Study of the Challenges and Barriers to Digitalisation and Technology Use in the Turkish Maritime Sector
Authors: Koca Yasemin Nemlioğlu , Erdoğan Selma 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
With each passing day, maritime organisations are equipped with more technology, and these systems form a structure that creates international networks. Digitalisation will have implications and effects on value creation, business models, horizontal and vertical integration, services and work organisation. While digital technologies in the maritime sector reduce risks owing to transparency, adaptability, traceability, flexibility and scalability, can also give discernible improvements in terms of operational processes, cost reductions, etc.. In the developing maritime sector, there are a variety of digital technology-related challenges that remain to be overcome, but there is no structured overview of the main types of challenges/barriers encountered by specialists. In this study, we explore the challenges/barriers to digitalisation in the maritime sector and how these are perceived by employees in this sector. The aim of our research is to identify these challenges/barriers and understand the relationships between them. To categorise the challenges/barriers, the DEMATEL approach was used. As a result of the analysis, it is seen that the main hindrances to digitalisation in the maritime sector are the problems of complexity, integration and interoperability. In contrast, the difficulties of performance appraisal and scalability emerge as the least important issues affecting the implementation of digital technologies in this area. Our results indicate that economic problems exert a significant causal influence on the other challenges/barriers.
Leveraging Artificial Intelligence to Enhance Port Operation Efficiency
Authors: Dinh Gia Huy , Pham Hoang Thai , Nguyen Lam Canh , Dang Hai Quoc , Pham Nguyen Dang Khoa 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Maritime transport forms the backbone of international logistics, as it allows for the transfer of bulk and long-haul products. The sophisticated planning required for this form of transportation frequently involves challenges such as unpredictable weather, diverse types of cargo kinds, and changes in port conditions, all of which can raise operational expenses. As a result, the accurate projection of a ship’s total time spent in port, and the anticipation of potential delays, have become critical for effective port activity planning and management. In this work, we aim to develop a port management system based on enhanced prediction and classification algorithms that are capable of precisely forecasting the lengths of ship stays and delays. On both the training and testing datasets, the XGBoost model was found to consistently outperform the alternative approaches in terms of RMSE, MAE, and R2 values for both the turnaround time and waiting period models. When used in the turnaround time model, the XGBoost model had the lowest RMSE of 1.29 during training and 0.5019 during testing, and also achieved the lowest MAE of 0.802 for training and 0.391 for testing. It also had the highest R2 values of 0.9788 during training and 0.9933 during testing. Similarly, in the waiting period model, the XGBoost model outperformed the random forest and decision tree models, with the lowest RMSE, MAE, and greatest R2 values in both the training and testing phases.
Massive sinus of Valsalva aneurysm with an associated bicuspid aortic valve: A rare clinical image
Authors: English Kevan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
A sinus of Valsalva aneurysm is a rare cardiac anomaly characterized by an abnormal dilatation of the aortic root. This occurs due to a weakened elastic lamina at the junction of the aortic media and the annulus fibrosus. The aneurysm can be congenital or acquired and comprises up to 3.5% of all congenital cardiac defects. Due to the aneurysm’s physiologic function and location, it can present significant clinical consequences in both the rupture and unruptured state. We present the case of a middle-aged male with no significant medical history who was found to have a massive unruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm. He was treated surgically with no postoperative complications.
A Perspective on a Two-stent Approach in Bifurcation Cases
Authors: Gherasie Flavius-Alexandru , Chioncel Valentin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Bifurcation lesions are the cause of 20% of all percutaneous coronary interventions, representing a complex category associated with lower procedure success rates and higher restenosis rates. However, the optimal approach to bifurcation needs further research. This paper aims to determine the optimal method for implementing a two-stent strategy in bifurcation cases. It desires to identify the characteristics that can guide our approach and the outcomes that can be expected. This paper also highlights relevant trials that support the findings.
In nontrue bifurcation cases (Medina 1-1-0, 1-0-0, 0-1-0, 0-0-1), a one stent strategy, eventually with the provisional approach, is preferable. When treating a left main or non-left main bifurcation in a Medina classification of 1-1-1, 1-0-1, or 0-1-1 without meeting at least one major and two minor criteria and of DEFINITION II Classification (simple true bifurcation), the layered provisional approach is the appropriate strategy.
In cases of left main or non-left main complex true bifurcation (Medina 1-1-1, 1-0-1, 0-1-1) meeting the Definition II Classification criteria, a two-stent strategy could be a suitable option in cases where the SB is more than 2.5 mm and has a lesion length of more than 16 mm.