bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Severe and enduring mental health problems within an established substance misuse treatment partnership
Authors: Walsh Kathryn , Copello Alex 
Published: October 2014

Aims and methodThe study reports findings of an investigation into the presence of severe and enduring mental health problems within the four statutory and non-statutory teams of an established substance misuse treatment partnership.ResultsOf a total of 772 clients in the four teams surveyed, 69 (8.9%) were identified as having severe and enduring mental health problems and problem substance use in the past 12 months. Alcohol was the most prevalent substance used by this predominantly male group. Different rates were found across the four teams, with higher numbers in the non-statutory teams. The clients displayed significant levels of self-harm and suicide risk and were responsible for 131 acute service contacts over the past 12 months.Clinical implicationsClients with severe and enduring mental health problems engaged with substance misuse services display high levels of complex need. It is important to identify the best and most effective service response to this group.
A multidisciplinary team approach to two-stage revision for the infected hip replacement
Authors: Ibrahim M. S. , Raja S. , Khan M. A. , Haddad F. S. 
Published: October 2014

We report the five year outcomes of a two-stage approach for infected total hip replacement. This is a single-surgeon experience at a tertiary centre where the more straightforward cases are treated using single-stage exchange. This study highlights the vital role of the multidisciplinary team in managing these cases.A total of 125 patients (51 male, 74 female) with a mean age of 68 years (42 to 78) were reviewed prospectively. Functional status was assessed using the Harris hip score (HHS). The mean HHS improved from 38 (6 to 78.5) pre-operatively to 81.2 (33 to 98) post-operatively. Staphylococcus species were isolated in 85 patients (68%).The rate of control of infection was 96% at five years. In all, 19 patients died during the period of the study. This represented a one year mortality of 0.8% and an overall mortality of 15.2% at five years. No patients were lost to follow-up.We report excellent control of infection in a series of complex patients and infections using a two-stage revision protocol supported by a multidisciplinary approach. The reason for the high rate of mortality in these patients is not known.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:1312–18
The outcome of resection of the distal ulna for tumour without soft-tissue or prosthetic reconstruction
Authors: Dhinsa B. S. , Gregory J. J. , Nawabi D. H. , Khan S. , Pollock R. , Aston W. J. , Skinner J. A. , Briggs T. W. R. 
Published: October 2014

In patients with a tumour affecting the distal ulna it is difficult to preserve the function of the wrist following extensive local resection. We report the outcome of 12 patients (nine female, three male) who underwent excision of the distal ulna without local soft-tissue reconstruction. In six patients, an aggressive benign tumour was present and six had a malignant tumour. At a mean follow-up of 64 months (15 to 132) the mean Musculoskeletal Tumour score was 64% (40% to 93%) and the mean DASH score was 35 (10 to 80). The radiological appearances were satisfactory in most patients. Local recurrence occurred in one patient with benign disease and two with malignant disease. The functional outcome was thus satisfactory at a mean follow-up in excess of five years, with a relatively low rate of complications. The authors conclude that complex reconstructive soft-tissue procedures may not be needed in these patients.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:1392–5.
Biomass production of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) growing on abandoned farmland
Authors: Johansson Tord 
Published: October 2014

Biomass production of forests has been studied for at least a century. Tree biomass is used in Sweden both as industrial raw material and an energy source. Few studies dealing with biomass yield from Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) growing on farmland are published. Practical recommendations are sparsely. The aim of this study was to construct dry weight equations for Norway spruce growing on farmland. Dry weight equations for fractions of Norway spruce trees were made. Biomass production was estimated in 32 stands of Norway spruce growing on abandoned farmland. The stands were located in Sweden at latitudes ranging from 58Â° to 64Â°Â N, and their total age varied from 17 to 54 years. A modified âmean tree techniqueâ was used to estimate biomass production; i.e. the tallest tree was chosen for sampling. The actual mean total dry weight above stump level for the 32 stands was 116 ton haâ1, with a range of 6.0 to 237.4 ton d.w. haâ1. When previous thinning removals were included, the mean biomass value was 127 ton haâ1 (6.0â262.8). In addition to estimating conventional dry weights of trees and tree components, basic density, specific leaf area, total surface area and leaf area index, among other measures, were estimated. Norway spruce biomass yields on plots subjected to different thinning were compared. The total harvested biomass was 75â120 ton d.w. haâ1 in heavy thinnings from below. Stands were thinned four to five times, with the first thinning at 23â27 years and the last at 51â64 years. The harvested biomass obtained in the first thinning was 18â38 ton d.w. haâ1. Total biomass production was 178â305 ton d.w. haâ1. Stands thinned from above supplied 71â130 ton d.w. haâ1 in total and 17â42 ton d.w. haâ1 in the first thinning. The total biomass supply was 221â304 ton d.w. haâ1. Unthinned stands produced a total of 155â245 ton d.w. haâ1.
Carbon dioxide exchange of Scots pine shoots as estimated by a biochemical model and cuvette field measurements
Authors: Aalto Tuula 
Published: October 2014

A biochemical model was used to calculate CO2 fluxes to Scots pine shoots in two boreal measurement stations, HyytiÃ¤lÃ¤ in southern Finland (61Â°51âN, 24Â°17âE) and VÃ¤rriÃ¶ in northern Finland (67Â°46âN, 29Â°35âE). The results of the model were compared with cuvette measurements performed in field conditions. A differential equation for change in gas concentration inside a closed cuvette was constructed and solved in order to obtain conductances and fluxes. The results were generally in a good agreement, the correlation coefficients varied from 0.74 to 0.95. Some discrepancies were also found. The model followed more intensively changes in temperature. This could be seen in northern Finland measurements at low temperatures (< 18Â Â°C). The modelled temperature response indicated low fluxes at low temperatures, but measurements did not show any decrease. The irradiation response was relatively similar in both measuring sites and according to the model. Cuvette measurements showed slightly smaller quantum yields as a result from shading of the needles. The temperature dependences of the biochemical model parameters Jmax and Vc(max) were re-evaluated from the field measurements. The results for Vc(max) agreed well with earlier estimations, while the results for Jmax indicated relatively high values at low temperatures especially in northern Finland. Exponential fitting produced also substomatal concentrations of CO2, which agreed quite well with the model. The daily minimum of substomatal/ambient concentration ratio varied from 0.4 to 0.8.
Off-Pump Myocardial Revascularization in a High-Risk Patient with Essential Thrombocythemia
Authors: Darwazah Ahmad K. , Madi Hamad , Zagha Rami , Hawash Yahia 
Published: October 2014

Essential thrombocythemia is a rare type of myeloproliferative disorder. Cerebral, myocardial, and peripheral thrombosis are all frequent complications of the disease.
A 71-year-old man presented with severe coronary artery disease, associated with cerebral vascular ischemic changes and erythromelalgia. His platelet count was 1,486 ×103/μL. The patient underwent successful myocardial revascularization by means of an off-pump technique after his platelet count had been reduced by hydroxycarbamide administration.
We conclude that the use of off-pump cardiopulmonary bypass in high-risk patients with essential thrombocythemia is safe. Reducing platelet count via the administration of hydroxycarbamide and the careful balancing of antiplatelets and anticoagulants is crucial in determining the outcome of surgery.
汉语和日语听觉反馈声学特点及语言认知习得能力—基于噪声 (Lombard) 听觉反馈条件实验研究
Authors: 徐 以中 , 杨 亦鸣 
Published: October 2014

提要元认知是对认知的认知，语言元认知能力体现为说话人对自身言语行为的自我监控，在心理语言学中属于言语听觉反馈现象。本文基于噪声 (Lombard) 条件的听觉反馈实验，考察了操汉语和日语者的言语发声特点及其所反映的认知心理机制。统计结果揭示：一、噪声对话语语速和音高的影响不显著但对音强的影响非常显著；这个结果也验证了赵元任先生提出的“汉语音高可以区别词义使得汉语在噪声传播中是一个优点”的观点；二、语义和语境因素对音强和音高变化的影响具有显著意义；三、汉日两种语言被试在语言元认知能力上既有普遍性又有差异性。总之，开展言语听觉反馈研究对于揭示语言认知和习得机制具有重要意义。
Hilbert spaces and the pair correlation
of zeros of the Riemann zeta-function
Authors: Carneiro Emanuel , Chandee Vorrapan , Littmann Friedrich , Milinovich Micah B. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Montgomery’s pair correlation conjecture predicts the asymptotic behavior of the function N(T,β) defined to be the number of pairs γ and γ’ of ordinates of nontrivial zeros of the Riemann zeta-function satisfying 0

<

$<$

γ,γ’

≤

$\leq$

T and 0

<

$<$

γ’

-

$-$

γ

≤

$\leq$

(2πβ)/(log T) as

T
→
∞

${T\to\infty}$

. In this paper, assuming the Riemann hypothesis, we prove upper and lower bounds for N(T,β), for all β

>

$>$

0, using Montgomery’s formula and some extremal functions of exponential type. These functions are optimal in the sense that they majorize and minorize the characteristic function of the interval [

-

$-$

β,β] in a way to minimize the

L
1

⁢

(
ℝ
,

{

1
-

(

sin
⁡

π
⁢
x

π
⁢
x

)

2

}

⁢
d
⁢
x

)

${L^{1}(\mathbb{R},\{1-(\frac{\sin\pi x}{\pi x})^{2}\}\,\text{\rm d}x)}$

-error. We give a complete solution for this extremal problem using the framework of reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces of entire functions. This extends previous work by P. X. Gallagher [J. reine angew. Math. 362 (1985), 72–86] in 1985, where the case β

∈

$\in$

(1/2)

ℕ

$\mathbb{N}$

was considered using non-extremal majorants and minorants.
Crystal structure of a c‐di‐AMP riboswitch reveals an internally pseudo‐dimeric RNA
Authors: Jones Christopher P , Ferré‐D'Amaré Adrian R 
Published: October 2014

AbstractCyclic diadenosine monophosphate (c‐di‐AMP) is a second messenger that is essential for growth and homeostasis in bacteria. A recently discovered c‐di‐AMP‐responsive riboswitch controls the expression of genes in a variety of bacteria, including important pathogens. To elucidate the molecular basis for specific binding of c‐di‐AMP by a gene‐regulatory mRNA domain, we have determined the co‐crystal structure of this riboswitch. Unexpectedly, the structure reveals an internally pseudo‐symmetric RNA in which two similar three‐helix‐junction elements associate head‐to‐tail, creating a trough that cradles two c‐di‐AMP molecules making quasi‐equivalent contacts with the riboswitch. The riboswitch selectively binds c‐di‐AMP and discriminates exquisitely against other cyclic dinucleotides, such as c‐di‐GMP and cyclic‐AMP‐GMP, via interactions with both the backbone and bases of its cognate second messenger. Small‐angle X‐ray scattering experiments indicate that global folding of the riboswitch is induced by the two bound cyclic dinucleotides, which bridge the two symmetric three‐helix domains. This structural reorganization likely couples c‐di‐AMP binding to gene expression.
Comparative Ex Vivo Evaluation of Two Electronic Percussive Testing Devices Measuring the Stability of Dental Implants
Authors: Geckili Onur , Bilhan Hakan , Cilingir Altug , Bilmenoglu Caglar , Ates Gokcen , Urgun Aliye Ceren , Bural Canan 
Published: October 2014

Background: A comparative ex vivo study was performed to determine electronic percussive test values (PTVs) measured by cabled and wireless electronic percussive testing (EPT) devices and to evaluate the intra‐ and interobserver reliability of the wireless EPT device.Methods: Forty implants were inserted into the vertebrae and forty into the pelvis of a steer, a safe distance apart. The implants were all 4.3 mm wide and 13 mm long, from the same manufacturer. PTV of each implant was measured by four different examiners, using both EPT devices, and compared. Additionally, the intra‐ and interobserver reliability of the wireless EPT device was evaluated.Results: Statistically significant differences (P <0.05) were observed between PTVs made by the two EPT devices. PTVs measured by the wireless EPT device were significantly higher than the cabled EPT device (P <0.05), indicating lower implant stability. The intraobserver reliability of the wireless EPT device was evaluated as excellent for the measurements in type II bone and good‐to‐excellent in type IV bone; interobserver reliability was evaluated as fair‐to‐good in both bone types.Conclusion: The wireless EPT device gives PTVs higher than the cabled EPT device, indicating lower implant stability, and its inter‐ and intraobserver reliability is good and acceptable.
Heavy-Oil-Recovery Enhancement With Choline Chloride/Ethylene Glycol-Based Deep Eutectic Solvent
Authors: Shuwa S.M.. M. , Jibril B.Y.. Y. , Al-Wahaibi Y.M.. M. , Al-Hajri R.S.. S. 
Published: October 2014

Summary
Because of increasing energy demand, unconventional resources such as heavy oil are being explored and recovered. Enhanced-oil-recovery (EOR) methods such as surfactants and polymer flooding must be optimized and new chemicals must be designed to produce more oil. This paper introduces a new deep eutectic solvent (DES) that is based on choline chloride/ethylene glycol for EOR. As preliminary investigations revealed, different concentrations of DES solutions in brine (0 to 100 vol%) were characterized by measuring density, viscosity, conductivity, surface tension, and refractive index at different temperatures (25 to 55°C). Then, the effects of the DES/brine solutions on emulsification with oil phase, wettability alteration, oil/solvent interfacial tension (IFT), formation damage, and tertiary heavy-oil recovery were studied. Potential of the DES solution on enhancing heavy-oil recovery was explored by use of coreflood experiments. This was performed at reservoir condition (pressure = 1,200 psi, temperature = 45 to 80°C) with Berea sandstone core samples and fluids from the field of interest (formation brine and crude oil). An increase in IFT rather than a decrease was observed between the DES/brine solution and the oil. The spontaneous-water-imbibition tests suggested that a decrease in oil-wetness led to an increase in oil production. Approximately 52% of residual oil after waterflooding was recovered with the DES from the coreflooding. The results show an increase in oil recovery with reservoir temperature (6, 13, and 16% on the basis of initial oil in place at 45, 60 and 80°C, respectively). The interaction of the DES with the core materials did not lead to formation damage, as demonstrated by the permeability measurements of the DES/brine solution before and after injection. Viscous forces and wettability alteration were found to be the dominant mechanisms for the tertiary oil-recovery enhancement.
Accounting Credibility and Liquidity Constraints: Evidence from Reactions of Small Banks to Monetary Tightening
Authors: Lo Alvis K. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACT
This study examines the relationship between accounting credibility and firms' ability to fund their investments. Theory suggests that credible reporting resulting from external audits enables firms to attract external funds needed for their investments. The tests exploit monetary policy tightening that creates a liquidity shortage for banks, which, in turn, either requires banks to raise additional funds to restore liquidity or forces them to restrict their investments in the form of lending. Studying small non-public banks for which external audits are voluntary, I find that audited banks can better access funds during periods of monetary tightening than unaudited banks. As such, adverse liquidity shocks impede the lending of audited banks less. Overall, these findings present new evidence on how accounting credibility affects firms' ability to invest.
Data Availability: The data are available from the sources indicated in the text.
Exploring the Potential of the SGLT2 Inhibitor Dapagliflozin in Type 1 Diabetes: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study
Authors: Henry Robert R. , Rosenstock Julio , Edelman Steven , Mudaliar Sunder , Chalamandaris Alexandros-Georgios , Kasichayanula Sreeneeranj , Bogle Allyson , Iqbal Nayyar , List James , Griffen Steven C. 
Published: October 2014

OBJECTIVE
Insulin adjustments to maintain glycemic control in individuals with type 1 diabetes often lead to wide glucose fluctuations, hypoglycemia, and increased body weight. Dapagliflozin, an insulin-independent sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, increases glucosuria and reduces hyperglycemia in individuals with type 2 diabetes. The primary objective of this study was to assess short-term safety of dapagliflozin in combination with insulin; secondary objectives included pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and efficacy parameters.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A 2-week, dose-ranging, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled proof-of-concept study randomly assigned 70 adults with type 1 diabetes (HbA1c 7–10%), who were receiving treatment with stable doses of insulin, to one of four dapagliflozin doses (1, 2.5, 5, or 10 mg) or placebo. The insulin dose was not proactively reduced at randomization but could be adjusted for safety reasons.

RESULTS
Sixty-two patients (88.6%) completed the study. Any hypoglycemia was common across all treatments (60.0–92.3%); one major event of hypoglycemia occurred with dapagliflozin 10 mg. No diabetic ketoacidosis occurred. Pharmacokinetic parameters were similar to those observed in patients with type 2 diabetes. Glucosuria increased by 88 g/24 h (95% CI 55 to 121) with dapagliflozin 10 mg and decreased by −21.5 g/24 h (95% CI −53.9 to 11.0) with placebo. Changes from baseline with dapagliflozin 10 mg by day 7 were as follows: −2.29 mmol/L (95% CI −3.71 to −0.87 [−41.3 mg/dL; 95% CI −66.9 to −15.7]) for 24-h daily average blood glucose; −3.77 mmol/L (95% CI −6.09 to −1.45 [−63.1 mg/dL; 95% CI −111.5 to −14.8]) for mean amplitude of glycemic excursion; and −16.2% (95% CI −29.4 to −0.5) for mean percent change in total daily insulin dose. Corresponding changes with placebo were as follows: −1.13 mmol/L (95% CI −3.63 to 1.37), −0.45 mmol/L (95% CI −4.98 to 4.08), and 1.7% (95% CI −22.8 to 33.9), respectively. However, for every efficacy parameter, the 95% CIs for all dapagliflozin doses overlapped those for placebo.

CONCLUSIONS
This exploratory study of dapagliflozin in adults with type 1 diabetes demonstrated acceptable short-term tolerability and expected pharmacokinetic profiles and increases in urinary glucose excretion. Within the dapagliflozin groups, dose-related reductions in 24-h glucose, glycemic variability, and insulin dose were suggested, which provide hope that SGLT2 inhibition may prove in larger randomized controlled trials to be efficacious in reducing hyperglycemia in type 1 diabetes.
Study on the Extension of Shelf-life by Activation of Inherent Lactoperoxidase System in Raw Cow Milk
Authors: Pokhrel Prashanta , Das Suman Kumar Lal 
Published: October 2014

Effectiveness of lactoperoxidase in raw cow milk was studied to observe the increase in shelf-life. Lactoperoxidase system was activated within two hours after milking by the addition of hydrogen peroxide and potassium thiocyanate, then milk was kept at different conditions viz. refrigerated condition (5±2)°C, room temperature (25±3)°C and at (35±2)°C. The keeping quality of raw milk was determined by the acidity, which when reached 0.18 % as lactic acid, was considered spoiled. Results indicated that the lactoperoxidase system (LP-s) increased the shelf-life of raw cow milk kept at room temperature (25±3)°C and refrigeration temperature (5±2)°C significantly (p<0.05);however no significant increase in shelf-life was observed between the control and LP-s treated raw milk sample held at (35±2)°C. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jfstn.v7i0.10606 J. Food Sci. Technol. Nepal, Vol. 7 (57-60), 2012
Technical strategies for the transcallosal transforaminal approach to third ventricle tumors: expanding the operative corridor
Authors: Patel Prayash , Cohen-Gadol Aaron A. , Boop Frederick , Klimo Paul 
Published: October 2014

Object
There are a number of surgical approaches to the third ventricle, each with advantages and disadvantages. Which approach to use depends on the location of the lesion within the ventricle, the goals of the operation, and the surgeon's experience. The authors present their results in children with a modified approach through the expanded foramen of Monro.

Methods
A retrospective study was conducted to identify and analyze all children who underwent what the authors term the “expanded transforaminal” approach to the third ventricle between 2010 and 2013. Perioperative data included patient demographics, signs and symptoms on presentation, tumor characteristics (type, origin, and size), complications, and clinical and radiographic outcome at final follow-up.

Results
Twelve patients were identified (5 female, 7 male) with a mean age of 9 years (range 2–19 years). Two patients underwent gross-total resections, whereas 10 resections were less than total. There were no instances of venous infarction, significant intraoperative bleeding, or short-term memory deficits. Of the 12 patients, 7 suffered a total of 17 complications. Disruption of neuroendocrine function occurred in 4 patients: 2 with transient diabetes insipidus, 2 with permanent panhypopituitarism, and 1 with central hypothroidism (1 patient had 2 complications). The most common group of complications were CSF-related, including 2 patients requiring a new shunt. There was 1 approach-related injury to the fornix, which did not result in any clinical deficits. One child with an aggressive malignancy died of tumor progression 6 months after surgery. Of the remaining 11 patients, none have experienced tumor recurrence or progression to date.

Conclusions
The expanded transcallosal transforaminal approach is a safe and relatively easy method of exploiting a natural pathway to the third ventricle, but there remain blind zones in the anterosuperior and posterosuperior regions of the third ventricle.