bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Results of Topography-based Customized Ablations in Highly Aberrated Eyes and Keratoconus/Ectasia With Cross-linking
Authors: Lin David T.C. , Holland Simon , Tan Johnson C.H. , Moloney Gregory 
Published: November 2012

PURPOSE:
To report results of a series of highly aberrated corneas treated with a topography-guided excimer laser ablation.

METHODS:
Retrospective, nonrandomized, consecutive series of eyes treated with topography-guided photorefractive keratectomy (TG-PRK) with the customized topographical neutralization technique (TNT). Cases included postoperative refractive surgery decentered ablations, optical zone enlargement, asymmetrical astigmatism, postoperative radial keratotomy (RK), postoperative keratoplasty, keratoconus combined with collagen cross-linking (CXL), and postoperative LASIK ectasia combined with CXL. Uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), and manifest refraction were analyzed preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively.

RESULTS:
In decentered ablation cases, 94% of 37 eyes were within 1.00 diopter (D) of the attempted refractive outcome, with 76% within 0.50 D. Mean topographic, central, optical zone of uniform (monodioptric) power increased from 3.5 to 5.2 mm in 25 eyes. Thirty-one eyes treated for asymmetrical astigmatism showed improvement in cylinder from mean 1.31 to 0.52 D. Ten of 11 eyes treated for previous RK astigmatism achieved postoperative UDVA 20/40 or better. Twenty-seven eyes with postoperative keratoplasty astigmatism were treated, with 7 (25.9%) eyes gaining ⩾2 lines and 12 (44.4%) eyes gaining ⩾1 line of CDVA. Of eyes with keratoconus that were treated using TG-PRK with CXL, 42 (58%) eyes had UDVA 20/40 or better, and 66 (92%) eyes had CDVA 20/40 or better. Twelve (71%) of 17 eyes treated for postoperative LASIK ectasia using TG-PRK with CXL had UDVA 20/40 or better. Nine (53%) eyes gained ⩾2 lines of CDVA.

CONCLUSIONS:
Topography-guided laser treatment with custom TNT, combined with CXL in keratoconus and ectasia, is an effective, safe, and increasingly predictable option for highly aberrated corneas.
Corneal Transparency After Cross-linking for Keratoconus: 1-Year Follow-up
Authors: Gutiérrez Ramon , Lopez Inma , Villa-Collar Cesar , González-Méijome José Manuel 
Published: November 2012

PURPOSE:
To evaluate the changes in corneal transparency and thickness measured objectively using Pentacam Scheimpflug (Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH) corneal tomography (densitometry) after corneal cross-linking (CXL).

METHODS:
Twenty-two eyes from 15 patients with keratoconus underwent CXL. Corneal thickness and curvature as well as lens and corneal densitometry were measured at baseline and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after CXL with Pentacam.

RESULTS:

Immediately after CXL, central corneal thickness significantly decreased (−40
μ
m) and corneal densitometry increased significantly. At 6-month follow-up, densitometry values were reduced and seemed to stabilize at a higher value than baseline. No statistically significant differences were noted (mean difference at 12 months: +30%). Changes in corneal densitometry were detected with the Pentacam even when clinical haze did not increase beyond grade 1 during follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS:
Corneal CXL is associated with a transient reduction in central corneal thickness, which recovered to baseline after 12 months. During the same time period, corneal densitometry experienced a transient increase that recovered to baseline values after 3 months. Changes in compactness of the corneal tissue after CXL may have an impact in corneal power not due to curvature changes, but to refractive index changes as a result of hydration changes. Pentacam is a useful objective method to monitor corneal transparency after CXL.
Corneal Collagen Cross-linking for Progressive Keratoconus in Pediatric Patients: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Zotta Paraskevi G. , Moschou Kostas A. , Diakonis Vasilios F. , Kymionis George D. , Almaliotis Diamantis D. , Karamitsos Athanasios P. , Karampatakis Vasileios E. 
Published: November 2012

PURPOSE:
To evaluate the outcomes of corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) in pediatric patients with bilateral progressive keratoconus.

METHODS:
This retrospective case series included four pediatric patients (eight eyes) with progressive keratoconus aged 14.0±2.2 years (range: 11 to 16 years). All eyes underwent CXL in accordance with the standard Dresden protocol. Pre- and 1-, 12-, 24-, and 36-month postoperative examinations included corneal thickness at the thinnest point (using a topographic system), corneal topographic evaluation (flat and steep meridian keratometry [K1 and K2]), refraction, and visual acuity.

RESULTS:
All patients completed 36-month follow-up. No intra- or postoperative complications were observed. Stabilization of K1 and K2 was demonstrated in all cases throughout follow-up (from the first postoperative interval), while visual acuity improved in six eyes and remained stable in the remaining two eyes. Manifest refraction remained stable, and corneal thickness decreased at the first postoperative month with gradual return to preoperative values during follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS:
Preliminary data of four pediatric patients with moderate keratoconus show feasibility of treatment by CXL in these select patients with no intra- or postoperative complications over 3-year follow-up.
Corneal Confocal Microscopy Following Conventional, Transepithelial, and Accelerated Corneal Collagen Cross-linking Procedures for Keratoconus
Authors: Touboul David , Efron Nathan , Smadja David , Praud Delphine , Malet Florence , Colin Joseph 
Published: November 2012

PURPOSE:
To compare early corneal healing following conventional, transepithelial, and accelerated corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) protocols.

METHODS:
Twenty-four patients with progressive keratoconus were divided into three groups to receive conventional, transepithelial, or accelerated CXL. In vivo corneal confocal microscopy was performed on each patient preoperatively and at 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively.

RESULTS:
Closure of the epithelial wound was complete 3 days following conventional and accelerated CXL. The subbasal nerve plexus was essentially obliterated immediately following conventional and accelerated CXL, and virtually no nerve fibers had regenerated by 6 months. The anterior stroma showed significant changes 1 month following conventional CXL; these changes were similar but more pronounced following accelerated CXL. Observed stromal changes included complete obliteration of keratocytes, increased tissue reflectivity, a honeycomb-like appearance, and circular lacunae. Some recovery of keratocyte density was noted after 6 months. These changes were less pronounced in the mid-stroma, and there were no apparent changes to the posterior stroma or endothelium. The cornea appeared to be unaltered following transepithelial CXL.

CONCLUSIONS:
In vivo corneal confocal microscopy analysis of the postoperative impact of CXL on the cornea revealed clear differences among conventional, accelerated, and transepithelial CXL protocols. Accelerated CXL had a greater impact than conventional CXL on the anterior cornea, whereas transepithelial CXL did not appear to alter corneal morphology.
Henry de Montherlant « entre les deux mondes » : la leçon des manuscrits (I)
Authors: Duroisin Pierre 
Published: November 2012

Concilier l’antiquité païenne et le catholicisme, sinon le christianisme, fut l’idéal de Montherlant jusqu’aux environs de 1925, et les notes manuscrites qu’on a ici présentées (elles portent sur la première page la date du 30 décembre 1922 et s’intitulent La Garde autour de Pan et Julien l’Apostat) montrent comment il s’y employa, avant de reconnaître que cet « idéal respectable et touchant » n’était qu’une « position fausse de l’esprit », un « jeu de l’imagination et de la poésie ». La matière étant copieuse, on s’est dans un premier temps limité à La Garde autour de Pan, qui nous conduira des Dieux en exil de Heine au Christianisme antique de Charles Guignebert en passant par Le Vœu de la Renaissance de Péladan et le Fermina Márquez de Larbaud. Une suite, plus proprement consacrée au volet Julien du manuscrit de 1922, ainsi qu’à un ensemble de manuscrits « Sur la religion », paraîtra dans le prochain numéro d’Anabases.
De la philologie à la sociologie : honneur et « capital symbolique » dans la Rome républicaine
Authors: Jacotot Mathieu 
Published: November 2012

Si l’étude des grandes notions politiques, sociales et morales de la civilisation romaine doit passer par une analyse sémantique, cette dernière gagne à être complétée par une approche sociologique des pratiques recouvertes par ces notions. Cet article se propose de montrer la fécondité d’une telle méthode en associant à l’étude sémantique d’un mot latin, une approche utilisant un des outils théoriques de la sociologie, le concept de « capital symbolique » forgé par Pierre Bourdieu. Est ainsi mis en avant le fonctionnement économique de l’honneur à Rome, patrimoine progressivement constitué grâce à la reconnaissance de la collectivité, thésaurisé, et susceptible de devenir instrument de pouvoir.
Humanistes et antiquaires. Le De Asse de Guillaume Budé
Authors: Sanchi Luigi-Alberto 
Published: November 2012

Afin de bien comprendre la place qu’occupe le chef-d’œuvre de Guillaume Budé, De Asse et partibus eius libri quinque ou Cinq livres de l’As et ses fractions (1515), il est nécessaire de restituer pleinement leur place en historiographie, tout en marquant leur spécificité respective, aux Antiquaires et à l’Humanisme, rejetés dans l’enfoncement du paysage des études savantes après les progrès scientifiques de l’histoire et de la philologie au xixe siècle. Injustement oubliés par les études classiques malgré leur renommée, Guillaume Budé et son De Asse gagnent à être étudiés des historiens d’aujourd’hui, notamment ceux qui s’occupent d’Antiquité classique. Argumentant en faveur de ce retour, le présent essai parcourt la distance qui nous sépare de l’humaniste parisien et de son œuvre multiforme en les présentant à l’intérieur de la perspective ouverte par A. Momigliano, entre autres, dans les études sur les Antiquaires.
Nonalloreactive T Cells Prevent Donor Lymphocyte Infusion–Induced Graft-versus-Host Disease by Controlling Microbial Stimuli
Authors: Li Hao Wei , Sachs Jessica , Pichardo Clarimel , Bronson Roderick , Zhao Guiling , Sykes Megan 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn mice, graft-versus-host reactions, associated with powerful graft-versus-tumor effects, can be achieved without graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) by delayed administration of donor lymphocyte infusions (DLI) to established mixed chimeras. However, GVHD sometimes occurs after DLI in established mixed chimeric patients. In contrast to mice, in which T cell recovery from the thymus occurs prior to DLI administration, human T cell reconstitution following T cell–depleted hematopoietic cell transplantation is slow, resulting in lymphopenia at the time of DLI. We demonstrate in this study that T cell lymphopenia is an independent risk factor for GVHD following DLI in the absence of known inflammatory stimuli. DLI-induced GVHD was prevented in lymphopenic recipients by prior administration of a small number of nonalloreactive polyclonal T cells, insufficient to prevent lymphopenia-associated expansion of subsequently administered T cells, through a regulatory T cell–independent mechanism. GVHD was not inhibited by T cells with irrelevant specificity. Moreover, administration of antibiotics reduced the severity of GVHD in lymphopenic hosts. Accumulation of DLI-derived effector T cells and host hematopoietic cell elimination were markedly diminished by regulatory T cell–depleted, nonalloreactive T cells. Finally, thymectomized mixed chimeras showed increased GVHD following delayed DLI. Collectively, our data demonstrate that in the absence of known conditioning-induced inflammatory stimuli, T cell lymphopenia is a risk factor for GVHD in mixed chimeras receiving delayed DLI. Our data suggest that the predisposition to GVHD can at least in part be explained by the presence of occult inflammatory stimuli due to the absence of T cells to control microbial infections.
β-Glucan Curdlan Induces IL-10–Producing CD4+ T Cells and Inhibits Allergic Airway Inflammation
Authors: Kawashima Saki , Hirose Koichi , Iwata Arifumi , Takahashi Kentaro , Ohkubo Ayako , Tamachi Tomohiro , Ikeda Kei , Kagami Shin-ichiro , Nakajima Hiroshi 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
A number of studies have suggested a correlation between a decreased incidence in infectious diseases and an increased incidence of allergic diseases, including asthma. Although several pathogen-derived products have been shown to possess therapeutic potential for allergic diseases, it remains largely unknown whether β-glucan, a cell wall component of a variety of fungi, yeasts, and bacteria, has a regulatory potential for allergic diseases. In this study, we examined the effect of curdlan, a linear β-(1-3)-glucan, on the development of allergic airway inflammation. We found that i.p. injection of curdlan significantly inhibited Ag-induced eosinophil recruitment and Th2 cytokine production in the airways. The activation of CD4+ T cells in the presence of curdlan induced IL-10–producing CD4+ T cells with high levels of c-Maf expression. Curdlan-induced development of IL-10–producing CD4+ T cells required the presence of APCs and ICOS/ICOS ligand interaction. Curdlan-induced development of IL-10–producing CD4+ T cells also required intrinsic expression of STAT6. Furthermore, the transfer of Ag-specific CD4+ T cells that were stimulated in the presence of curdlan inhibited Ag-induced eosinophil recruitment into the airways. Taken together, these results suggest that curdlan is capable of inducing IL-10–producing CD4+ T cells and inhibiting the development of eosinohilic airway inflammation, underscoring the therapeutic potential of curdlan for allergic diseases.
CD8+ T Cell–Derived IFN-γ Prevents Infection by a Second Heterologous Virus
Authors: Valentine Laura , Potts Rashaun , Premenko-Lanier Mary 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Persistent viral infection is often associated with dysfunctional immune responses against unrelated pathogens. Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) can establish acute or chronic infections in mice and is widely used as a model for persistent virus infections in humans. Mice infected with LCMV develop a transient defect in Ag-specific immunity against heterologous viral infection. Although it has been proposed that LCMV infection induces an immunosuppressed state within the host, our data show that infected mice successfully clear vaccinia virus through a mechanism that involves CD8+ T cell–derived IFN-γ. This observation demonstrates that chronic LCMV infection does not impair protective immunity against heterologous viral challenge. Rather, a natural sterilizing immunity is induced following a primary infection that prevents a secondary infection. Our findings suggest a need to re-evaluate current thoughts about the immune suppression that might occur during a persistent infection.
Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2 Controls Peripheral Immune Tolerance
Authors: Chunder Neelanjana , Wang Liqing , Chen Chunxia , Hancock Wayne W. , Wells Andrew D. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Adaptive immunity requires signals from both the TCR and the costimulatory molecule CD28. These receptors activate multiple signaling pathways, including the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) cascade, and antigenic signals in the absence of costimulation result in a tolerant state that is enforced by the CDK inhibitory protein p27kip1. We find that CDK2, the major target of p27kip1, is highly active in T cells that infiltrate and reject cardiac allografts. We used mice genetically deficient for CDK2 to determine whether CDK2 is required for T cell alloimmunity. Blockade of CD28 costimulation alone was unable to inhibit the rejection of cardiac allografts by wild-type recipients. However, targeting this pathway in CDK2-deficient recipients led to long-term allograft survival. CDK2-deficient CD4+ T cells proliferated normally in response to stimulation in vitro and in vivo, however, genetic, short hairpin RNA, or small molecule–mediated antagonism of CDK2 resulted in decreased production of IL-2 and IFN-γ. In addition, surviving grafts from CDK2-deficient recipients showed increased infiltration of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg), and Treg from CDK2-deficient mice exhibited increased suppressive activity in vitro and in an in vivo model of inflammatory bowel disease. These data suggest that p27kip1 promotes peripheral tolerance through its ability to inhibit CDK2, which otherwise acts to promote conventional T cell differentiation and restrict Treg function.
In what sense can a Christological image of the Divine provide cultural orientations?
Authors: Welker Michael 
Published: November 2012

A few years ago, some colleagues from the universities of Heidelberg, Chicago, Harvard and Yale tried to launch a research project which was meant to explore fruitful commonalities and differences amongst the Jewish, Christian and Islamic faith traditions. Over against conventional doctrinal and comparative religious explorations, it intended to explore the impacts which basic contents and forms of faith have on societies and cultures. This approach was also chosen to relate different traditions of research to each other – one more dominant in the European and the other in the Anglo-American world, namely that of the history of ideas (Geistesgeschichte) and the other based on cultural and social studies. As a title of these investigations, the majority of the group voted for Images of the Divine and cultural orientations. At that time, however, we did not discuss the standards and qualities we wanted to connect with the vision of cultural orientations. Nor did we deal with what one could call ‘the iconic problem’ in religious contexts.Tot watter mate kan ’n Christologiese beeld van God kulturele oriënterings voorskryf? ’n Paar jaar gelede het verskeie kollegas van die universiteite van Heidelberg, Chicago, Harvard en Yale onderneem om ’n navorsingsprojek van stapel te stuur met die bedoeling om vrugbare of lonende ooreenkomste en verskille tussen die Joodse, Christelike en Islamitiese geloofstradisies te ondersoek. In teenstelling met konvensionele dogmatiese en vergelykende religieuse verkenningstogte, was die bedoeling hier om die impak wat basiese inhoude en vorme van geloof het op gemeenskappe en kulture vas te stel. Hierdie benadering is ook verkies om die verskillende navorsingstradisies met mekaar in verband te bring – die een is meer algemeen in die Europese en die ander in die Anglo-Amerikaanse wêreld, naamlik die geskiedenis van idees (Geistesgeschichte), en die ander gebaseer op kulturele en sosiale studies. As naam vir hierdie ondersoek het die meerderheid van die groep Images of the Divine and Cultural Orientations (Beelde van God en kulturele oriëntasies) verkies. Destyds het ons egter nie die standaarde en waardes bespreek wat ons met die idee van kulturele oriënterings wil verbind nie enons het ook nie dit wat na verwys kan word as die ‘ikoniese probleem’ in religieuse kontekste, hanteer nie.
Cataracts and Dupuytren Disease: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Cutolo Carlo A. , Lombardo Sara , Vercellin Alice C. Verticchio , Bertone Chiara , De Amici Mara , Antoniazzi Elena , Milano Giovanni 
Published: November 2012

Purpose. Dupuytren disease is an inherited proliferative and progressive connective disease. Ectopic disease may, however, be located distant from the palmar fascia. Methods. Case report and review of the literature. Results. We describe a case of symmetric bilateral posterior subcapsular cataracts associated with symmetric bilateral Dupuytren disease and symmetric bilateral Ledderhose disease in a 56-year-old Caucasian man. His medical history was negative for glucocorticoids intake, diabetes, and exposure to radiation. Serum transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)1 concentration has been evaluated and was found to be almost double compared to the controls. Conclusions. We speculate that the TGF-β plays an important role for ocular and connective tissue disorders.
Mixture of Ether and Silicone Oil for the Treatment of Inferior Complicated Retinal Detachment
Authors: Romano Mario R. , Zenoni Stefano , Arpa Paolo , Mariotti Cesare 
Published: November 2012

Purpose. To report the efficacy and ocular tolerance of a new tamponade made with ether and silicone oil (HeavySil [HSIL]) for the treatment of retinal detachment (RD) complicated by inferior proliferative vitreous retinopathy (PVR). Methods. Prospective noncomparative interventional study on 31 consecutive eyes that underwent pars plana vitrectomy and were treated with HSIL as an intraocular tamponade. All patients presented with at least one retinal break and grade B–C PVR located between 4 and 8 o'clock. The main endpoint criteria were retinal reattachment after the removal of HSIL and complications arisen from the use of this tamponade. Results. Primary anatomic success was achieved in 27 out of 31 cases. Mean visual acuity improved from logMAR 1.4 (SD 0.7) to logMAR 1.1 (SD 0.6) (p=0.02). The main complications reported were cataract formation (5 out of 7 phakic eyes cases), clinically visible emulsification (6 cases), and difficulty of oil removal in 3 cases. Severe intraocular inflammation with HSIL in situ was found in only one case. Conclusions. HeavySil, a saturated solution of ether with silicone oil, is a safe and effective tamponade agent for the treatment of complicated RD. The most common complications are cataract formation and oil emulsification.
Performance Analysis of a Neuro-PID Controller Applied to a Robot Manipulator
Authors: Pezeshki Saeed , Badalkhani Sajad , Javadi Ali 
Published: November 2012

The performance of robot manipulators with nonadaptive controllers might degrade significantly due to the open loop unstable system and the effect of some uncertainties on the robot model or environment. A novel Neural Network PID controller (NNP) is proposed in order to improve the system performance and its robustness. The Neural Network (NN) technique is applied to compensate for the effect of the uncertainties of the robot model. With the NN compensator introduced, the system errors and the NN weights with large dispersion are guaranteed to be bounded in the Lyapunov sense. The weights of the NN compensator are adaptively tuned. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the model validation approach and its efficiency to guarantee a stable and accurate trajectory tracking process in the presence of uncertainties.