bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity of 24-h Forecast Dryline Position and Structure to Boundary Layer Parameterizations in Convection-Allowing WRF Model Simulations
Authors: Clark Adam J. , Coniglio Michael C. , Coffer Brice E. , Thompson Greg , Xue Ming , Kong Fanyou 
Published: February 2015

AbstractRecent NOAA Hazardous Weather Testbed Spring Forecasting Experiments have emphasized the sensitivity of forecast sensible weather fields to how boundary layer processes are represented in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model. Thus, since 2010, the Center for Analysis and Prediction of Storms has configured at least three members of their WRF-based Storm-Scale Ensemble Forecast (SSEF) system specifically for examination of sensitivities to parameterizations of turbulent mixing, including the Mellor–Yamada–Janjić (MYJ); quasi-normal scale elimination (QNSE); Asymmetrical Convective Model, version 2 (ACM2); Yonsei University (YSU); and Mellor–Yamada–Nakanishi–Niino (MYNN) schemes (hereafter PBL members). In postexperiment analyses, significant differences in forecast boundary layer structure and evolution have been observed, and for preconvective environments MYNN was found to have a superior depiction of temperature and moisture profiles. This study evaluates the 24-h forecast dryline positions in the SSEF system PBL members during the period April–June 2010–12 and documents sensitivities of the vertical distribution of thermodynamic and kinematic variables in near-dryline environments. Main results include the following. Despite having superior temperature and moisture profiles, as indicated by a previous study, MYNN was one of the worst-performing PBL members, exhibiting large eastward errors in forecast dryline position. During April–June 2010–11, a dry bias in the North American Mesoscale Forecast System (NAM) initial conditions largely contributed to eastward dryline errors in all PBL members. An upgrade to the NAM and assimilation system in October 2011 apparently fixed the dry bias, reducing eastward errors. Large sensitivities of CAPE and low-level shear to the PBL schemes were found, which were largest between 1.0° and 3.0° to the east of drylines. Finally, modifications to YSU to decrease vertical mixing and mitigate its warm and dry bias greatly reduced eastward dryline errors.
Using the variance function to estimate limit of blank, limit of detection and their confidence intervals
Authors: Sadler William A 
Published: February 2015

Background Implementing International Organization for Standardization definitions of limit of blank and limit of detection requires precision estimates from specimens devoid of analyte (blank specimens) and also from specimens located close to zero. Calculations are straightforward if errors are constant over the relevant concentration range but estimation of the relationship between variability and concentration (variance function) is necessary in the general case when errors are not constant. This study investigated the efficacy of incorporating the variance function into estimation of limit of blank, limit of detection and their confidence intervals. Methods Simulated data, designed to encompass the range of properties that would typically be observed in practice, consisted of four distinct relationships between variance and concentration, in combination with large and small variances and three concentration ranges. Four methods of estimating limit of blank were evaluated together with the accuracy of variance function derived estimates of limit of detection and the accuracy of symmetrical 95% confidence intervals constructed from limit of blank and limit of detection constituent variables. Results Most limit of blank estimates and all limit of detection estimates showed systematic negative bias but, provided the data concentration range is not too small, the biases were consistently <1% with confidence interval coverages ranging from 92% to 95%. Estimating limit of blank by extrapolating the variance function to zero lost little in comparison with methods based on blank specimen data. Conclusions The variance function provides a convenient and reliable way of analyzing data from experiments evaluating detection capability and, provided certain assumptions are tenable, of estimating limit of blank and limit of detection as part of routine internal quality control.
Approaches to culture and diversity: A critical synthesis of occupational therapy literature
Authors: Beagan Brenda L. 
Published: February 2015

Background. The 2007 position statement on diversity for the Canadian occupational therapy profession argued discussion was needed to determine the implications of approaches to working with cultural differences and other forms of diversity. In 2014, a new position statement on diversity was published, emphasizing the importance of social power relations and power relations between client and therapist, and supporting two particular approaches: cultural safety and cultural humility with critical reflexivity Purpose. This paper reviews and critically synthesizes the literature concerning culture and diversity published in occupational therapy between 2007 and 2014, tracing the major discourses and mapping the implications of four differing approaches: cultural competence, cultural relevance, cultural safety, and cultural humility. Key Issues. Approaches differ in where they situate the “problem,” how they envision change, the end goal, and the application to a range of types of diversity. Implications. The latter two are preferred approaches for their attention to power relations and potential to encompass a range of types of social and cultural diversity.
Ecological Momentary Assessment of Tinnitus Using Smartphone Technology
Authors: Wilson Michael B. , Kallogjeri Dorina , Joplin Conor N. , Gorman Mitchell D. , Krings James G. , Lenze Eric J. , Nicklaus Joyce E. , Spitznagel Edward E. , Piccirillo Jay F. 
Published: February 2015

ObjectiveTo explore the feasibility of ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) as a tool to more accurately assess the level of bother from tinnitus.Study DesignLongitudinal observational study.SettingWashington University Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery faculty practice plan.Subjects and MethodsTwenty participants with moderately to severely bothersome tinnitus were enrolled. All participants owned a smartphone device, and all communications were conducted via email, phone, and text messaging. Participants received 4 EMAs per day for 2 weeks via text message and a final survey on the 15th day. In each survey, participants recorded their level of tinnitus bother, their location at the time of response, their stress level, how they were feeling, and what they were doing. Response rates as a proxy for the feasibility of the program.ResultsThere were a total of 1120 surveys sent to 20 participants (56 surveys per participant), and 889 (79.4%) of the surveys were completed and returned. The median time to response from the moment of receiving the text message was 7 minutes. The distribution of responses to the EMA question, “In the last 5 minutes, how bothered have you been by your tinnitus?” displayed both high between‐ and within‐subject variability. At the end of 2 weeks, the median score on the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory was 37, with a range of 10 to 82 points; the median Tinnitus Functional Index score was 43, with a range of 10 to 82 points.ConclusionThis study suggests bothered tinnitus patients will use smartphones as part of EMA.
Trajectory to Fellowship: Further examination of the road to becoming a psychiatrist
Authors: Jurd Stephen , Fletcher Scott , Halley Elaine 
Published: February 2015

Objectives: In 2003 a revised RANZCP training program was implemented. This involved a revised training structure with Basic (years 1–3) and Advanced (years 4–5) requirements. All summative assessments occur during Basic Training and generalist or sub-specialty streams are available in Advanced Training. Trainees that started from2003 onwards have reached or exceeded the minimum time to attain Fellowship. This paper updates the original study to assess the progression of trainees through the elements of the training program and those that have attained Fellowship. Methods: This paper examines the pathway and barriers to attaining Fellowship with a focus on assessments and time to complete. Results: Data were extracted for all trainees commencing training between December 2003 and February 2006. Items on assessments, rotations, breaks in training, part-time training, and other items were analysed. Time taken to complete mandatory training requirements and outcomes were the key elements evaluated. Conclusions: For those who attained Fellowship, the median training time was 6.1 years. It was common for trainees to attain Fellowship in the minimum time of 5 years. Delaying the completion of assessments or examinations contributed to the expanded time to attain Fellowship Training, as did part-time training and breaks in training.
Evaluation of usage of essential oils instead of spices in meat ball formulation for controlling Salmonella spp.
Authors: Ozdikmenli Seda , Demirel Zorba Nukhet N 
Published: February 2015

The purpose of this study was to show the efficacy of essential oils (EOs) in meat balls instead of spices because of their high antimicrobial effect and to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of Origanum onites and Ocimum basilicum EOs against Salmonella Typhimurium in minced beef (20% fat) stored at 4 ℃ for seven days. This is the first study about use of O. basilicum EO in minced beef against bacterial pathogens. Both EOs inhibit microorganisms in in vitro antibacterial tests. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of EOs were determined. The lowest MIC values were obtained with O. onites EO 0.6 µl/ml against S. Typhimurium strains. The MIC values of O. basilicum EO 0.25 µl/ml against microorganisms. Both EOs showed a significant decrease in microorganisms inoculated in minced beef at end of storage. The concentration of the both EOs at 20 µg/mg and 10 µg/mg showed stronger antimicrobial activity against bacterial cocktail of S. Typhimurium in beef; however, the higher concentrations caused alterations in the organoleptic properties of meatballs. The results of the present study indicate that O. onites and O. basilicum EOs may be used in combination with each other and different food preservation systems in meat ball formulation.
C-peptide as a risk factor of coronary artery disease in the general population
Authors: Cabrera de León Antonio , Oliva García José Gregorio , Marcelino Rodríguez Itahisa , Almeida González Delia , Alemán Sánchez José Juan , Brito Díaz Buenaventura , Domínguez Coello Santiago , Bertomeu Martínez Vicente , Aguirre Jaime Armando , Rodríguez Pérez María del Cristo 
Published: February 2015

Objective: To analyse the association between serum C-peptide and coronary artery disease in the general population. Methods: Follow-up study of 6630 adults from the general population. They were stratified into group 1 (no insulin resistance: C-peptide < third tercile and glycaemia < 100 mg/dL), group 2 (initial insulin resistance: C-peptide ⩾ third tercile and glycaemia < 100 mg/dL) and group 3 (advanced insulin resistance: glycaemia ⩾ 100 mg/dL). Results: After 3.5 years of follow-up, group 2 had a higher incidence of myocardial infarction (relative risk (RR) = 4.2, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.7–10.6) and coronary artery disease (RR = 3.5, 95% CI = 1.9–6.6) than group 1. Group 3 also had increased incidences of both diseases. In multivariable analysis of the entire population, groups 2 and 3 showed significant risks of myocardial infarction and coronary artery disease (RR > 3 and RR > 2, respectively). However, when people with diabetes were excluded, the increased risks were corroborated only in group 2 for myocardial infarction (RR = 2.8, 95% CI = 1.1–6.9; p = 0.025) and coronary artery disease (RR = 2.4, 95% CI = 1.3–4.6; p = 0.007). Conclusion: Elevated C-peptide is associated with the incidence of myocardial infarction and coronary artery disease in the general population. It can be an earlier predictor of coronary events than impaired fasting glucose.
Oral nitrite therapy improves vascular function in diabetic mice
Authors: Sindler Amy L , Cox-York Kimberly , Reese Lauren , Bryan Nathan S , Seals Douglas R , Gentile Christopher L 
Published: February 2015

Aim: We tested the hypothesis that short-term oral sodium nitrite supplementation would improve vascular dysfunction in obese, diabetic mice. Methods and results: Vascular function was determined in control mice and in db/db mice receiving drinking water with or without sodium nitrite (50 mg/L) for 5 weeks. Nitrite supplementation increased plasma nitrite concentrations in db/db mice (0.19±0.02 µM vs 0.80±0.26 µM; p < 0.05). Db/db mice had lower endothelium-dependent dilation (EDD) in response to increasing doses of acetylcholine versus heterozygous control mice (71.2% ± 14.3% vs 93% ± 7.0%; p < 0.05), and sodium nitrite supplementation restored endothelium-dependent dilation to control levels (92.9% ± 2.3% vs 93% ± 7.0%; p < 0.05). The improvement in endothelial function was accompanied by a reduction in intrinsic stiffness, but not by alterations in plasma or vascular markers of inflammation. Conclusion: These data suggest that sodium nitrite may be a novel therapy for treating diabetes-related vascular dysfunction; however, the mechanisms of improvement are unknown.
Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation for acute respiratory failure following oesophagectomy: Is it safe? A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Charlesworth Michael , Lawton Tom , Fletcher Stephen 
Published: February 2015

Objective To find, critically appraise and synthesise all published studies so as to determine the safety and spectrum of use of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation for acute respiratory failure following oesophagectomy. Design Systematic review. Methods The MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched and the quality of the studies and any bias or confounding were rated according to established protocols. Outcomes extracted included re-intubation, anastomotic leakage, length of intensive care unit stay and mortality. The data were analysed quantitatively and qualitatively. Pooling of outcomes was considered if appropriate. Results The search identified four papers, demonstrating the understudying/underreporting of the topic. Three were case-series and one was a conference abstract. The overall methodological quality was low. Design-specific biases and confounding were high. Despite this, the included studies conclude that noninvasive positive pressure ventilation is safe and effective and that re-intubation rates, intensive care unit length of stay, mortality and anastomotic dehiscence is lower when it is used. Meta-analysis was deemed to be inappropriate. Conclusions Despite the conclusions and consensus of the included studies, there is no evidence to definitively conclude that noninvasive positive pressure ventilation is either safe or dangerous following oesophagectomy and the current literary evidence is inadequate. Current practice varies and is based on opinion and consensus. As such, randomised controlled studies are urgently required as current practice may cause undue harm to patients. The incidence of anastomotic leakage with noninvasive positive pressure ventilation use needs to be determined.
Biceps Tenotomy Versus Tenodesis in Active Patients Younger Than 55 Years
Authors: Friedman Jamie L. , FitzPatrick Jennifer L. , Rylander Lucas S. , Bennett Christine , Vidal Armando F. , McCarty Eric C. 
Published: February 2015

Background: Proximal biceps pathology is a significant factor in shoulder pain. Surgical treatment options include biceps tenotomy and subpectoral biceps tenodesis. Tenotomy is a simple procedure, but it may produce visible deformity, subjective cramping, or loss of supination strength. Tenodesis is a comparatively technical procedure involving a longer recovery, but it has been hypothesized to achieve better outcomes in younger active patients (<55 years). Hypothesis: This study investigated the outcomes of younger patients who underwent either a biceps tenotomy or tenodesis as part of treatment for shoulder pain. The hypothesis was that, apart from cosmetic deformity, there will be no difference in outcome between the 2 treatment options. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Isometric strength and endurance testing of operative and nonoperative shoulders for forearm supination (FS) and elbow flexion (EF) were tested utilizing an isometric dynamometer. Objective physical assessment was also performed. Subjective outcomes using the modified American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score (ASES); Disability of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH); visual analog scale (VAS); and perceived biceps symptoms were collected. Results: A total of 42 patients (22 tenotomy, 20 tenodesis) with an average follow-up of 3.3 years were studied. The average age at follow-up was 49.9 years. Thirty-five percent (7/20) of tenotomy patients exhibited a “Popeye” deformity, compared with 18.2% (4/22) of tenodesis patients. Strength prior to fatiguing exercise was similar between tenodesis and tenotomy for FS (6.9 vs 7.3 lbs; P < .05), EF in neutral (35.4 vs 35.4 lbs), and EF in supination (33.8 vs 34.2 lbs). Strength was not significantly different between groups for isometric strength and endurance measures. Subjective functional outcome measured by the DASH, ASES, and VAS scores were similar between groups. Frequency of complaints of cramping was higher in the tenotomy group (4/20 vs 1/22), and complaints of pain were higher in the tenodesis group (11/22 vs 5/20). Conclusion: Despite increased demands and activity placed on biceps function in a younger population, this study showed no differences in functional and subjective outcome measurements. The choice between biceps tenotomy and tenodesis for pathology of the proximal biceps tendon can continue to be based on surgeon and patient preference.
Morgana acts as an oncosuppressor in chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Di Savino Augusta , Panuzzo Cristina , Rocca Stefania , Familiari Ubaldo , Piazza Rocco , Crivellaro Sabrina , Carrà Giovanna , Ferretti Roberta , Fusella Federica , Giugliano Emilia , Camporeale Annalisa , Franco Irene , Miniscalco Barbara , Cutrin Juan Carlos , Turco Emilia , Silengo Lorenzo , Hirsch Emilio , Rege-Cambrin Giovanna , Gambacorti-Passerini Carlo , Pandolfi Pier Paolo , Papotti Mauro , Saglio Giuseppe , Tarone Guido , Morotti Alessandro , Brancaccio Mara 
Published: February 2015

Key PointsMorgana haploinsufficiency in mice causes a lethal and transplantable CML-like myeloid neoplasm. Morgana is underexpressed in aCML and in a subgroup of CMLs, where it predicts a worse response to imatinib but sensitivity to ROCK inhibitors.
Apatite/Polymer Composite Materials with Fractal Rough Surfaces
Authors: Sawaguchi Haruna , Nishida Hiroshi , Kawai Takahiro , Mayama Hiroyuki , Nonomura Yoshimune 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
We prepared an apatite/polymer composite material with a fractal surface by transferring the hierarchical rough surface of a plaster replica onto calcium phosphate paste and immersing the paste in a buffer. The rough structure (fractal dimension: 2.3) accelerated the spreading and penetration of a water droplet placed on the surface. This material can be applied in dental implants and texture testers.
Synthesis and Applications of Porous Organic Cages
Authors: Evans Jack D , Sumby Christopher J , Doonan Christian J 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Solids composed of shape-persistent organic cage molecules are an emerging class of porous materials. Research in this area has recently progressed from understanding the nature of porosity in these materials to finding applications suited to their unique properties. For example, given that the cages are held together in the solid state by relatively weak (compared to covalent interactions) dispersion forces, the resultant materials are structurally flexible and thus physical properties, such as porosity, that can be modulated according to the adsorbate to which it is exposed. Moreover, discrete cages are soluble and can thus be reprecipitated as structural polymorphs that possess different properties, or processed into thin layers or composite materials such as mixed matrix membranes. In this review, we highlight the synthetic strategies that have been employed to produce porous organic cages and discuss recent advances in design concepts that have led to ultraporous solids. We will also canvass recent applications of these materials and posit potential areas of development.
Asymmetric Autocatalysis Triggered by Chiral Crystal of Achiral Ethylenediamine Sulfate
Authors: Matsumoto Arimasa , Ide Takahiro , Kaimori Yoshiyasu , Fujiwara Satoshi , Soai Kenso 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Achiral ethylenediamine forms chiral structures spontaneously when crystallized as the sulfate salt. By using these chiral crystals of ethylenediamine sulfate (ethylenediammonium sulfate), asymmetric autocatalysis of pyrimidyl alkanol affords a highly enantioenriched product with chirality that is determined by the chirality of the crystals.
Smart People Ask for (My) Advice: Seeking Advice Boosts Perceptions of Competence
Authors: Brooks Alison Wood , Gino Francesca , Schweitzer Maurice E. 
Published: February 2015

Although individuals can derive substantial benefits from exchanging information and ideas, many individuals are reluctant to seek advice from others. We find that people are reticent to seek advice for fear of appearing incompetent. This fear, however, is misplaced. We demonstrate that individuals perceive those who seek advice as more competent than those who do not. This effect is moderated by task difficulty, advisor egocentrism, and advisor expertise. Individuals perceive those who seek advice as more competent when the task is difficult rather than when it is easy, when people seek advice from them personally rather than when they seek advice from others and when people seek advice from experts rather than from nonexperts or not at all. This paper was accepted by Yuval Rottenstreich, judgment and decision making.
Research roundup: February 2015
Authors: Greener Mark 
Published: February 2015

In brief ▪ The treatment of type 2 diabetes with insulin is associated with increases in all-cause mortality, major adverse cardiovascular events and cancer ▪ E-cigarettes approximately double the chances of quitting smoking and increase the number of people who halve cigarette consumption, according to a Cochrane review ▪ Clarithromycin can cause potentially serious interactions with statins in older people ▪ Approximately half the antipsychotic prescriptions in the UK are for people who do not have severe mental illnesses; further effort is needed to decrease primary care antipsychotic prescriptions for dementia
Ljapunov Exponents, Hyperchaos and Hurst Exponent
Authors: Steeb Willi-Hans , Andrieu Eugenio Cosme 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
We consider nonlinear dynamical systems with chaotic and hyperchaotic behaviour.We investigate the behaviour of the Hurst exponent at the transition from chaos to hyperchaos. A two-dimensional coupled logistic map is studied.
Phase Polymorphism of [Mn(DMSO)6](ClO4)2 Studied by Differential Scanning Calorimetry
Authors: Migdał-Mikuli Anna , Szostak Elżbieta 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Six solid phases of [Mn(DMSO)6](ClO4)2 have been detected by differential scanning calorimetry. The phase transitions were found between the following solid phases: stable KIc ↔ stable KIb at TC5 = 225 K, metastable KIII ↔ metastable KII at TC4 = 322 K, stable KIb ↔ stable KIa at TC3 = 365 K, metastable KII↔overcooled K0 at TC2 = 376 K and stable KIa→stable K0 at TC1 = 379 K. The title compound melts at Tm = 488 K.