bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multirater and Gender Differences in the Measurement of Political Skill in Organizations
Authors: Westbrook Thomas S. , Veale James R. , Karnes Roger E. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractOrganizational political skill is an essential component of a leader's success. The purpose of the current study was to ascertain whether differences existed in how individuals rated themselves and were rated by others on 13 political skills using the Brandon Partners and Seldman Learning Organizational Savvy Multi‐Rater Assessment. Over 4,500 individuals completed an online self‐rater assessment to test the reliability and validity of the instrument. A sample of 131 individuals with 1,056 observer ratings completed an online multirater assessment to address the research questions. The dependent variables were the 13 political skill set average scores and the independent variables included gender and rater group. Significant rater group differences in multirater assessment of political acumen were found in all skill sets. The greatest difference was between the self‐ratings, always the lowest, and the ratings of the four rater groups. No significant gender differences in self‐assessment of organizational political skill were found in the 13 skill sets. Significant gender differences in ratings by others were found with females scoring higher than males in two areas. The findings contribute to our understanding of gender differences regarding the perception of political skill. Organizations can use this knowledge in educational programs to elevate leader performance.
Wolf in Sheep's Clothing: Harmful Leadership with a Moral Façade
Authors: Mohr James M. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe current qualitative study used narrative inquiry to explore white supremacist leadership and how it aligns with and differs from transformational, servant, and charismatic leadership theories. By examining the concepts and examples of leadership within the white supremacist movement, an image of harmful leadership begins to develop. These leaders were found to use leadership strategies such as creating purpose, community building, follower focus and meaning making, empowerment and motivation, and trust and respect to gain followers. These strategies were combined with detrimental approaches to leadership that included pursuing and abusing power, developing a sense of self‐importance, using fear, and having a sense of isolation that contributed to a harmful leadership style. Harmful leadership and its implications for leaders and followers in more mainstream organizations are explored.
Anthracene‐Containing Wide‐Band‐Gap Conjugated Polymers for High‐Open‐Circuit‐Voltage Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Gong Xue , Li Cuihong , Lu Zhen , Li Guangwu , Mei Qiang , Fang Tao , Bo Zhishan 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe synthesis, characterization, and photophysical and photovoltaic properties of two anthracene‐containing wide‐band‐gap donor and acceptor (D–A) alternating conjugated polymers (P1 and P2) are described. These two polymers absorb in the range of 300–600 nm with a band gap of about 2.12 eV. Polymer solar cells with P1:PC71BM as the active layer demonstrate a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 2.23% with a high Voc of 0.96 V, a Jsc of 4.4 mA cm−2, and a comparable fill factor (FF) of 0.53 under simulated solar illumination of AM 1.5 G (100 mW cm−2). In addition, P2:PC71BM blend‐based solar cells exhibit a PCE of 1.42% with a comparable Voc of 0.89 V, a Jsc of 3.0 mA cm−2, and an FF of 0.53.magnified image
Alpha‐synuclein gene duplication: Marked intrafamilial variability in two novel pedigrees
Authors: Elia Antonio E. , Petrucci Simona , Fasano Alfonso , Guidi Marco , Valbonesi Stefano , Bernardini Laura , Consoli Federica , Ferraris Alessandro , Albanese Alberto , Valente Enza Maria 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTBackgroundMultiplications of the SNCA gene that encodes alpha‐synuclein are a rare cause of autosomal dominant Parkinson's disease (PD).MethodsHere, we describe 2 novel families in which there is autosomal dominant PD associated with SNCA duplication, and we compare the clinical features of all known patients carrying 3 or 4 SNCA copies.ResultsAffected members in family A presented with early onset PD that was variably associated with nonmotor features, such as dysautonomia, cognitive deficits, and psychiatric disturbances. In family B, the clinical presentation ranged from early onset PD‐dementia with psychiatric disturbances to late onset PD with mild cognitive impairment.ConclusionsThe presence of 4 SNCA copies is associated with a rich phenotype, characterized by earlier onset of motor and nonmotor features compared with patients who bear 3 SNCA copies. The clinical spectrum associated with SNCA duplications is wide, even within a single family, suggesting a role for as yet unidentified genetic or environmental modifiers. © 2013 Movement Disorder Society
G Protein‐Coupled Estrogen Receptor (GPER) Agonist Dual Binding Mode Analyses Toward Understanding of Its Activation Mechanism: A Comparative Homology Modeling Approach
Authors: Arnatt Christopher K. , Zhang Yan 
Published: June 2013

AbstractG protein‐coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) has been shown to be important in several disease states such as estrogen sensitive cancers. While several selective ligands have been identified for the receptor, little is known about how they interact with GPER and how their structures influence their activity. Specifically, within one series of ligands, whose structure varied only at one position, the replacement of a hydrogen atom with an acetyl group changed a potent antagonist into a potent agonist. In this study, two GPER homology models were constructed based on the X‐ray crystal structures of both the active and inactive β2‐adrenergic receptors (β2AR) in an effort to characterize the differences of binding modes between agonists and antagonists to the receptor, and to understand their activity in relation to their structures. The knowledge attained in this study is expected to provide valuable information on GPER ligands structure activity relationship to benefit future rational design of potent agonists and antagonists of the receptor for potential therapeutic applications.
Computational Insights into the Mechanism of Inhibition of OASS‐A by a Small Molecule Inhibitor
Authors: Bruno Agostino , Amori Laura , Costantino Gabriele 
Published: June 2013

AbstractO‐Acetylserine sulfhydrylase (isoform A, OASS‐A) is a PLP‐dependent enzyme involved in the last step of cysteine biosynthesis in many pathogens. Many microorganisms use cysteine as the main building block for sulfur‐containing antioxidants, and cysteine depletion in several pathogens resulted in a reduced antibiotic resistance, thus leading to the identification of OASS as novel suitable molecular targets to overcome antimicrobial resistances. The precise molecular mechanism of OASS‐A inhibition by small peptides or by small molecule inhibitors is still unclear. To shed more lights on the structural basis underlying the inhibition mechanism for OASS, we engaged ourselves in studying the dynamic properties of this enzyme. In this paper, we describe a computational study involving unbiased MD simulations of OASS‐A from Haemophilus influenzae (HiOASS) in its inhibitor free, PLP‐bound form, and in complex with a pentapeptide inhibitor and with UPAR40, a small molecule which we have recently reported as a potent OASS‐A inhibitors. We proposed that UPAR40 inhibits HiOASS‐A through the stabilization of a closed conformation. Moreover, preliminary docking studies and sequence analysis allow us to speculate about the non‐specificity of UPAR40 toward a particular OASS enzyme species or isoforms.
Weight loss after bariatric surgery in morbidly obese adolescents with MC4R mutations
Authors: Censani Marisa , Conroy Rushika , Deng Liyong , Oberfield Sharon E. , McMahon Donald J. , Zitsman Jeffrey L. , Leibel Rudy L. , Chung Wendy K. , Fennoy Ilene 
Published: June 2013

ObjectiveTo determine the frequency of Melanocortin 4 Receptor (MC4R) mutations in morbidly obese adolescents undergoing bariatric surgery and compare weight loss outcomes in patients with and without mutations.Design and MethodsIn this prospective cohort study, 135 adolescent patients evaluated for bariatric surgery were screened for MC4R mutations; 56 had 12‐month postoperative data available for analysis.ResultsMC4R mutations were detected in five of the 135 patients (3.7%); four underwent restrictive bariatric surgery. For the three patients with gastric banding, percent excess weight loss (%EWL) postoperatively was 36.0% at 5 years in one, 47% at 4 years in the second, and 85% at 1 year in the third. For the patient with gastric sleeve resection, %EWL of 96% was attained at 1 year postoperatively. The four MC4R cases had a higher, although nonsignificant, %EWL compared to 52 nonmatched controls at 12 months postoperatively (48.6% vs. 23.4%; P < 0.37). When matched by age, sex, and race to 14 controls, there was no significant difference in %EWL (P < 0.31), BMI change (P < 0.27), or absolute weight loss (P < 0.20).ConclusionThe frequency of MC4R mutations is similar to prior studies, with affected patients showing beneficial weight loss outcomes.
Anticoagulation Control with Daily Low‐Dose Vitamin K to Reduce Clinically Adverse Outcomes and International Normalized Ratio Variability: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Lam Jason , Schulman Sam , Witt Daniel M. , Vandvik Per Olav , Qayyum Fareeha , Holbrook Anne M. 
Published: June 2013

Study ObjectivesDifficulties managing warfarin therapy have led to speculation that daily supplementation with a low dose of vitamin K might improve anticoagulation control and clinical outcomes. Thus we sought to review the available medical literature systematically examining the effectiveness of low‐dose vitamin K supplementation for the reduction of clinically relevant adverse events due to vitamin K antagonist (VKA) use and for stabilization of the international normalized ratio (INR).DesignWe searched the Medline and Embase databases, the Cochrane Library, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, and the U.S. National Institutes of Health clinical trials registry for randomized controlled trials of vitamin K supplementation versus placebo in patients receiving a VKA. We evaluated the outcomes of hemorrhage, thromboembolic events, and percentage of time in therapeutic range (TTR) of INRs by using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation system for rating quality of evidence in the abstracted studies.SettingAll randomized controlled trials studies published between 1970 and August 2012 which fitted our search strategy.PatientsPatients over the age of 18 years on VKA therapy.ResultsOf the 624 studies we identified and screened, three studies (626 patients) were included in the meta‐analysis. Most of the patients had a satisfactory TTR at baseline. We found low‐quality evidence—downgraded for imprecision and risk of bias (i.e., limitation in study design and/or execution)—of no effect of vitamin K use (100 to 200 μg) on hemorrhagic events (relative risk [RR] 3.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.2–64.2) and thromboembolic events (RR 2.2, 95% CI 0.1–47.5) and a significant but clinically unimportant effect on TTR with an absolute increase of 3.5% (95% CI 1.1–6.0).ConclusionThis meta‐analysis, despite the few studies and overall low quality, suggests no beneficial role of low‐dose (100 to 200 μg) vitamin K supplementation on the reduction of clinically relevant adverse events in patients taking VKAs, despite a small improvement of the TTR. Data were insufficient, however, from patients with unstable INRs.
Single‐Dose and Multiple‐Dose Pharmacokinetics and Dose Proportionality of Intravenous and Intramuscular HPβCD‐Diclofenac (Dyloject) Compared with Other Diclofenac Formulations
Authors: Mermelstein Fred , Hamilton Douglas A. , Wright Curtis , Lacouture Peter G. , Ramaiya Atulkumar , Carr Daniel B. 
Published: June 2013

Study ObjectiveTo evaluate single‐ and repeated‐dose pharmacokinetics (PK) and dose proportionality of hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin (HPβCD)‐diclofenac compared with Voltarol after intravenous (IV) and intramuscular (IM) administration.DesignStudy 1: Single‐dose randomized four‐way crossover study. Study 2: Multiple‐dose randomized three‐way crossover study.SettingClinical research center.SubjectsHealthy adult volunteers.InterventionStudy 1: Subjects received HPβCD‐diclofenac and Voltarol, IV and IM, with a 5‐day washout between treatment periods. Study 2: Subjects received two doses of IV HPβCD‐diclofenac and oral Cataflam once every 6 hours for four doses with a 48‐hour washout period between treatment periods.Measurements and Main ResultsStudy 1: IV HPβCD‐diclofenac had a higher peak plasma concentration (Cmax) and earlier time to reach maximum plasma concentration (Tmax), but equivalent plasma exposure (area under the curve from time zero to t [AUC0–t]) to IV Voltarol. The geometric mean ratio of HPβCD‐diclofenac (IV) to Voltarol (IV) for AUC0–t was 106.27%. The geometric mean ratio of HPβCD‐diclofenac (IM) to Voltarol (IM) for AUC0–t was 110.91%. The geometric mean ratio of HPβCD‐diclofenac (IV) to HPβCD‐diclofenac (IM) for AUC0–t was 101.25%. The geometric mean ratio of HPβCD‐diclofenac (IM) to Voltarol (IV) for AUC0–t was 104.96%. Study 2: Cmax for diclofenac was 2904 and 6031 ng/ml after the first IV dose of 18.75 and 37.5 mg HPβCD‐diclofenac, respectively, and was 3090 and 5617 ng/ml after the fourth dose, indicating no accumulation. Plasma exposures to 18.75 mg (866 ng·hour/ml) and 37.5 mg (1843 ng·hour/ml) IV HPβCD‐diclofenac bracketed that of oral Cataflam 50 mg (1473 ng·hour/ml).ConclusionsStudy 1: Bioavailability in terms of AUC after IV administration was equivalent for HPβCD‐diclofenac compared with Voltarol and after IM administration of HPβCD‐diclofenac and Voltarol. Bioavailability in terms of AUC after IM administration of HPβCD‐diclofenac was equivalent to IV administration of HPβCD‐diclofenac and IV administration of Voltarol. Study 2: HPβCD‐diclofenac showed dose proportionality after single‐ and multiple‐dose administration and no accumulation of HPβCD‐diclofenac. HPβCD‐diclofenac was safe and well tolerated following IV and IM administration.
Assessment of Warfarin Dosing Requirements After Bariatric Surgery in Patients Requiring Long‐Term Warfarin Therapy
Authors: Irwin Adriane N. , McCool Kathleen H. , Delate Thomas , Witt Daniel M. 
Published: June 2013

Study ObjectiveTo quantify the change in weekly warfarin dose after bariatric surgery in patients requiring long‐term warfarin therapy.DesignRetrospective matched‐cohort study.SettingAnticoagulation management service in an integrated health care delivery system.PatientsPatients receiving long‐term warfarin anticoagulation who underwent bariatric surgery between January 1, 1996, and December 31, 2010 (27 patients), were matched by date of surgery (± 2 years), age (± 5 years), and target international normalized ratio (INR) range to patients receiving long‐term anticoagulation therapy who underwent other abdominal surgical procedures: cholecystectomy or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (59 patients [control group]).Measurement and Main ResultsThe main end point was change in postoperative warfarin dose from baseline (preoperative dose), measured at weekly postoperative intervals from weeks 1 to 8 and again at months 3 and 6. After surgery, patients in the bariatric surgery group had statistically significant decreases in weekly warfarin doses compared with preoperative dose at all postoperative time points (week 1 dose vs preoperative dose, p<0.01; doses at all other time points vs preoperative dose, p<0.001), except at 6 months (p>0.05). No statistically significant decreases in warfarin dose were detected at any postoperative time points in the control group.Twenty patients (74.1%) in the bariatric surgery group experienced a 20% or more decrease in weekly warfarin dose compared with 19 patients (32.2%) in the control group (p=0.004). No significant differences in warfarin‐related adverse events were noted between groups.ConclusionWeekly warfarin doses decreased in the immediate postoperative period in anticoagulated patients after bariatric surgery but returned to their preoperative doses after approximately 6 months. A similar pattern was not observed in patients in the control group who underwent other types of abdominal surgery. Compared with preoperative anticoagulation control, this resulted in reduced anticoagulation control despite close INR monitoring. If a causal relationship between bariatric surgery and warfarin sensitivity is established in future research, developing and validating a postbariatric surgery warfarin‐dosing algorithm would be valuable.
Development of Acneiform Rash Does Not Predict Response to Lapatinib Treatment in Patients with Breast Cancer
Authors: Parma Jennifer , Pavlick Anne , Schiff Rachel , Osborne C. Kent , Chang Jenny C. , Rimawi Mothaffar , Trivedi Meghana V. 
Published: June 2013

Study ObjectiveTo determine if development of acneiform rash is a predictor of objective response rate with lapatinib.DesignSubanalysis of data from a prospective, phase II study.SettingAcademic breast care clinic.PatientsForty‐nine treatment‐naïve patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor‐2 (HER2)‐positive locally advanced breast cancer, who were treated with neoadjuvant lapatinib monotherapy for 6 weeks; 47 patients were included in the final analysis.Measurements and Main ResultsOf the 49 patients enrolled, 33 (67%) developed a rash of any type, and 26 (55%) had acneiform rash. Of the 26 evaluable patients with acneiform rash (55%), 19 (73%) responded to lapatinib and 7 (27%) did not. Of the 21 evaluable patients without acneiform rash, 11 (67%) responded to treatment and 7 (33%) did not. Thus, no association was found between the occurrence of acneiform rash and response to lapatinib monotherapy.ConclusionThis study does not support the development of the acneiform rash as a predictor of clinical efficacy of lapatinib in the treatment of breast cancer.
Nanofabrication with metallopolymers ‐ recent developments and future perspectives
Authors: Ramanathan Muruganathan , Darling Seth B. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractSynthetic polymers containing metals and metal centers have experienced rapid growth in the last two decades. Metal‐containing polymers have an unprecedented role to play in modern high‐tech applications including nanomanufacturing, sensing, separation and catalysis. Advancement in synthetic strategies for macromolecules has enabled the synthesis of novel, exotic and use‐inspired metallopolymers. Using state‐of‐the‐art design strategies, it is now possible to perform targeted synthesis of macromolecules with varied complexity that contain a range of metal centers either in the backbone or in the side chains of the organic moiety. The presence of an inorganic element (metals and metal centers) in organic moieties has led to a number of new physicochemical properties while implementing novel functionality to the polymer matrix. This review covers nanotechnology influenced by distinctive features of metal‐containing macromolecular systems, particularly in developing flexible, functional materials. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthesis of linear and hyperbranched sugar‐grafted polysiloxanes using N‐hydroxysuccinimide‐activated esters
Authors: Moukarzel Waêl , Marty Jean‐Daniel , Appelhans Dietmar , Mauzac Monique , Fitremann Juliette 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTA straightforward method for the preparation of polysiloxanes grafted with carbohydrate side groups is described. Two kinds of backbones have been functionalized, namely one‐dimensional, linear polysiloxanes, and hyperbranched poly(siloxysilane)s based on cyclotetrasiloxanes. The method enables us to keep a good integrity of the polysiloxane backbone. The introduction of intermediate activated esters as side groups on the polysiloxane backbone ensures a complete homogeneity of the reaction medium during sugar grafting in dimethyl sulfoxide, and consequently an easy grafting with the unprotected amino sugar. Solubility of the resulting polysiloxanes has been tested in various solvents. The sugar‐grafted polysiloxanes are good candidates for applications such as silicone formulations, hydrophilic silicone elastomers, interactions with metallic nanoparticles, and suspension stabilization, or as starting point for the design of more complex polysiloxanes for molecular recognition. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 3607–3618
Cyclic and linear poly(ferrocenylene alkylene)s synthesized from addition‐condensation polymerization of ferrocene with aldehydes
Authors: Suzaki Yuji , Yoshigoe Yusuke , Osakada Kohtaro 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTOligo‐ and poly(ferrocenylene alkylene)s, [Fe(C5H5‐x)(C5H5‐y)CHR]n (x = y = 1 or x = 2, y = 0; R = alkyl, aryl), were synthesized by Lewis acid‐promoted addition‐condensation polymerization of ferrocene with aldehydes. The reaction of alkyl aldehydes, such as n‐hept‐CHO, EtCHO and nBuCHO, with ferrocene yields a mixture of the cyclic and linear poly(ferrocenylene alkylene)s, while aryl aldehyde, such as C6F5CHO, CF3C6H4‐4‐CHO and MeC6H4‐4‐CHO, forms the linear polymers exclusively. The linear polymer has terminal Fe(C5H4)(C5H5) and CH2Aryl groups, which are characterized by high resolution mass spectroscopy. Results of addition‐condensation polymerization of ferrocenemethanol catalyzed by BF3 indicate that the propagating polymer of the above addition‐condensation polymerization contains terminal 1‐hydroxyalkyl‐ferrocenylene group, Fe(C5H4)[C5H4{CH(OH)R}]. The trimer prepared from ferrocene and paraformaldehyde dimethylacetal contains 1,1′‐, 1,2‐, and 1,3‐ferrocenylene units, suggesting that the polymers obtained from alkyl and aryl aldehydes are also composed of these structural units. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 3627–3635
Characterization of catechol‐containing natural thermosetting polymer “urushiol” thin film
Authors: Watanabe Hirohmi , Fujimoto Aya , Takahara Atsushi 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTUrushi (oriental lacquer) is made from the sap of Rhus vernicifera and consists mainly of the catechol derivative urushiol. Thermal curing of urushiol, unlike other catechol derivatives, is possible because of the unsaturated double bonds in the long hydrocarbon side chain. We described here a simple, efficient method to produce a thermally cross‐linked urushi thin film using iron(II) acetate as the additive. The cured thin films showed robust, flexible feature as confirmed by strain‐induced elastic buckling instability for mechanical measurements (SIEBIMM) and bulging experiments. In contrast, a thin film of poly(dopamine) that is a typical catechol derivative without long hydrocarbon side chain showed brittleness. The long hydrocarbon side chain of urushiol plays an important role for both thermal processability and superior mechanical properties of the material. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 3688–3692