bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The distribution of random motion with Erlang-3 sojourn times
Authors: Kolomiiets Tamila , Pogorui Anatoliy A. , Rodríguez-Dagnino Ramón M. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
In this paper, we study a one-dimensional random motion with switching process having an Erlang-3 distribution for the sojourn times. We obtain the solution of the associated hyperbolic PDE of sixth order through algebraic techniques.
Synthesis, structure and thermal study of a new 3-aminopyrazine-2-carboxylate based zinc(II) coordination polymer
Authors: Karmakar Anirban , Hazra Susanta 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
A two-dimensional coordination polymer [Zn(L)2]n (1) (L = 3-aminopyrazine-2-carboxylate) synthesized from the solvothermal reaction of zinc(II) salt with 3-aminopyrazine-2-carboxylic acid (HL) is described. Compound 1 has been characterized by single X-ray diffraction, IR spectra and thermogravimetric analyses. Crystal structure analysis reveals that each hexacoordinated zinc(II) center adopts a distorted octahedral geometry occupied by three Ocarboxylate and three Npyrazine atoms. The L– ligand binds the metal cation by means of a pyrazine N-atom and one, or both, carboxylate O-atoms. A three-dimensional supramolecular associate in the crystal lattice of 1 has been stabilized by a number of non-covalent interactions. The IR spectroscopic and TGA properties are investigated in this work. Topological analysis of the two-dimensional network has been also discussed.
Über das Verhalten von n-Ge-Einkristallen im Temperaturgebiet des flüssigen Heliums.
Authors: Finke Günter , Lautz Günter 
Published: March 2015

Nach theoretischen Betrachtungen von CONWELL und MOTT soll der Übergang vom normalen Leitungsmechanismus eines Halbleiters zur Störbandleitung im Gebiet tiefster Temperaturen durch eine Kompensation der Störstellenarten des Kristalls begünstigt werden. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird durch Messungen der Temperaturabhängigkeit des elektrischen Widerstandes und des HALL-Effektes für kleine elektrische Felder an n-Ge-Einkristallen unterschiedlicher Störstellenstruktur diese theoretische Aussage auch experimentell belegt.
Die oberhalb einer bestimmten elektrischen Feldstärke UD von einigen Volt/cm für Meßtemperaturen unter 10°K beobachtete reversible Abnahme des elektrischen Widerstandes und der HALL-Konstanten in Abhängigkeit vom angelegten Feld kann bei normalem Leitungsmechanismus mit einer Ladungsträgervervielfachung durch Stoßionisation neutraler Störstellen gedeutet werden. Diese Erklärung wird insbesondere durch die Abnahme der „Durchschlagsfeldstärke“ UD mit zunehmender Beweglichkeit der Ladungsträger und durch die Zunahme von UD in einem äußeren Magnetfeld gestützt. Quantitativ können durch die Behinderung der Stoßionisation in einem Magnetfeld außergewöhnlich hohe Widerstandsänderungen von 10 000% bei 300 Gauß für elektrische Feldstärken U ≈ UD beobachtet werden. Im Bereich überwiegender Störbandleitung wird zur Deutung der Feldstärkeabhängigkeiten des Widerstandes und des HALL-Effektes nach SCHOTTKY ein neuer Mechanismus der „Ionisierung“ von Elektronen im Störband benutzt.
Der Unterschied der Protonenresonanzspektren von Cyclopentadienylmetallverbindungen mit Doppelkegel (Sandwich)-Struktur und lokalisierter Metall-Kohlenstoffbindung
Authors: Strohmeier Walter , Lemmon Richard M. 
Published: March 2015

Mit Hilfe der kernmagnetischen Resonanzmethode wurden die Protonenresonanzspektren von Cyclopentadienylmetallverbindungen, welche Doppelkegel(Sandwich)-Struktur und lokalisierte Metall-Kohlenstoffbindungen haben, aufgenommen.
Untersucht wurden die Verbindungen: Ferrocen, 1-1′-Dimethylferrocen, Cyclopentadienylmangantricarbonyl, Methylcyclopentadienylmangantricarbonyl, Dicyclopentadienylquecksilber und Cyclopentadienyltrimethylsilicium.
Die chemical shift δ der Ringprotonen variiert von δCH = —1,4 ppm in Dimethylferrocen bis zu δCH=+1,3 ppm in Cyclopentadienyltrimethylsilicium. Die bisherigen Untersuchungen führen zu dem Schluß, daß mit zunehmendem aromatischem Charakter des Cyclopentadienringes die chemical shift nach negativeren Werten verschoben wird, während die Verbindungen mit positiveren Werten der chemical shift δCH eine höhere Reaktivität gegen Maleinsäureanhydrid besitzen. Dicyclopentadienylquecksilber besitzt nur eine einzige scharfe Protonenresonanzlinie bei δCH = +0,7 ppm, so daß es fraglich erscheint, ob diese Substanz eine, im strengen Sinne, lokalisierte Metall-Kohlenstoffbindung besitzt. Für Cyclopentadienyltrimethylsilicium wurden jedoch 2 Resonanzlinien mit dem Intensitätsverhältnis 1 : 4 für die Ringprotonen gefunden, so daß für diese Verbindung eine lokalisierte Metall-Kohlenstoffbindung sichergestellt ist.
Eine Analyse von Gemischen der untersuchten Verbindungen mit Hilfe der kernmagnetischen Protonenresonanzmethode ist möglich.
Trithiadiazyl-hexafluorarsenate S3N2X+AsF6
- / Trithiadiazyl-hexafluoroarsenates S3N2X+AsF6
-
Authors: Padma D. K. , Mews R. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The preparation of trithiadiazyl-hexafluoroarsenates by three different methods is reported: (a) reaction of S3N2Cl2 (3) with AgAsF6 (to give S3N2Cl+ ASF6
-), (b) halogen or radical addition to S3N2
+ ASF6
- to give S3N2Br+AsF6
- (5) or S3N2ON(CF3)2 + ASF6
- (6), and (c) cycloaddition of NSF to the NS2
+ -cation to give S3N2F+AsF6
- (9).
Organoborierung von Alkinylstannanen, XX [1] Oligomerisation von 1-Propinyltrimethylstannan / Organoboration of Alkynylstannanes, XX [1] Oligomerisation of 1-Propynyltrimethylstannane
Authors: Bihlmayer Christoph , Kerschl Susanna , Wrackmeyer Bernd , Bihlmayer Christoph , Kerschl Susanna , Wrackmeyer Bernd 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
1-Propynylstannane (1) reacts with B-ethyl-9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (10) (ratio 2:1) to giva a new butadiene derivative (11). Attempts to oligomerize 1 by organoboration with trimethyl-borane (13) (ratio 2:1) lead to a hexatriene derivative (14). A larger excess of 1 (5:1) gives a mixture of higher oligomers, analogous to 14. The proposed structures of the new compounds 11, 14 are supported by 11B, 13C and 119Sn NMR and mass spectra.
The Chemistry of Silica Supported Chromium Ions Nitric Oxide Complexes and their Interaction with CO and Pyridine
Authors: Garrone Edoardo , Ghiotti Giovanna , Morterra Claudio , Zecchina Adriano 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Three kinds of Cr(II) ions are present on CO reduced CrO3/SiO2 samples (labelled A, B. and C), having two, three and four oxygen ligands before chemisorption, respectively. The population of CrA, CrB and Crc on a standard sample is evaluated to be: 52%, 28%, 20%, respectively. The number of oxygen ligands determines the actual charge of the ions, increasing in the series A, B, and C, as well as the ability to coordinate further ligands. CrA (coinciding with that proposed by Krauss) yields, upon NO chemisorption, dinitrosylic species at an angle of 125°: the presence of a third coordinative vacancy at least allows coordination of CO leading to CrA(NO)2CO and of pyridine, leading simultaneously to CrA(NO)2Py and CrA(NO)Py2. This latter species may be converted into CrA(NO)Py. CrB (for which a structure slightly different from Krauss’ one is proposed) forms dinitrosylic species at an angle of 123°, with spectral features very close to those of Cr(III)(NO)2: no reaction occurs with CO, and, by pyridine adsorption, a CrB(NO)Py species is formed. Crc ions form, at low NO pressures, mononitrosylic species undergoing ligand displacement with either CO or pyridine; at high NO pressures,Crc(NO)2 species are formed, at an angle of 109°, which show no reactivity with CO and a displacement reaction with pyridine: a species Crc(NO)Py is however not formed. CrA and CrB behaviour is that of isolated species; Crc ions show, by the constant presence of shifts in the relevant NO frequencies upon NO coverage, that they are in electronic interaction.
Darstellung, Charakterisierung und Röntgenstrukturanalyse von η5 -Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl-bis(methylsulfido)carbonylrhenium, Cp*Re(CO)(SMe)2 / Preparation, Characterization and X-Ray Structure Analysis of η5-Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl-bis(methylsulfido)carbonylrhenium, Cp*Re(CO)(SMe)2
Authors: Herberhold Max , Schmidkonz Bertram , Ziegler Manfred L. , Serhadle Orhan 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Reaction of the tetrahydrofuran-stabilized 16-electron complex fragment [Cp*Re(CO)2] with dimethyl disulfide, MeSSMe, leads to the diamagnetic title compound, Cp*Re(CO)(SMe)2 , which was characterized by mass, IR and NMR spectra and by an X-ray crystal structure analysis**. The two methylsulfido ligands are bent (angles Re-S-CH3 114.1(3)°) and turned away from the Cp* ring. The Re - S-bond distances are 227.0(2) pm.
Über die Photolumineszenz von Oberflächenverbindungen des Molybdäns auf Silicagel / On the Photoluminescence of Molybdenum Surface Compounds on Silicagel Supports
Authors: Morys Peter , Schmerbeck Sabine 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The UV induced photoluminescence (PL) of activated and reduced surface molybdenum compounds on silica gel has been studied at various concentrations of the products under He and Ar and at various temperatures from R.T. to 10 K. With the activated molybdenum(VI) compounds, four different types of broad band emissions were observed and assigned to definite surface species of Mo(VI): A blue PL occurring mainly at T > -90 °C, two "white" emissions with different spectral excitation regions and Stokes shifts appearing very strongly under He or vacuum below T < -90 °C and a yellow PL occurring with the products under Ar, N2 or C02 instead of the "white" ones.
While the blue PL was ascribed to an octahedrally coordinated surface species (Moc1), the two "white" emissions were attributed to two tetrahedrally coordinated surface species, the first one (MoX1) being monomeric and bonded directly to the surface, the second one (Mo^1) being bonded to a polymolybdate cluster and excited via that cluster; the yellow PL was postulated to originate from a MOB1-Ar Van der Waals complex.
At 10 K the "white" PL of the polymeric MOB1 species showed a faint vibronic fine structure; the emission time constant was measured to be 5 ms.
With the reduced compounds, only one PL was observed attributable to the monomeric MoX1 species. Hence this species was concluded to be the only one not or not completely being reducible.
Übergangsmetall-substituierte Diphosphene, VI [1]Zur Reaktivität von Diphosphenylkomplexen des Eisens und Rutheniums gegenüber Tetracarbonylnickel / Transition Metal Substituted Diphosphenes, VI [1] On the Reactivity of Diphosphenyl Complexes of Iron and Ruthenium towards Tetracarbonyl Nickel
Authors: Weber Lothar , Meine Georg 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The diphosphenyl complexes (?/ 5 -CsMe0(CO 2)M-P = P-Ar (8) (M = Fe, Ru; Ar = 2,4,6-rm-BU,C 6 H 2) react with excess Ni(CO) 4 to yield the adducts (77 5 -C 5 Me 5)(CO) 2 M[Ni(CO) 3 ]P=PAr (9). The products have been characterized by elemental analysis as well as by spectroscopic data (IR. 'H, 13 C, 31 P NMR).
Synthese und spektroskopische Charakterisierung neuer Mono(cyclopentadienyl)titan(IV)thiolat-Komplexe des Typs CpTi(SR)n(Cl)3-n mit n = 1, 2, 3 / Synthesis and Spectroscopic Characterization of New Mono(cyclopentadienyl)titanium(IV) Thiolate Complexes of the Type CpTi(SR)n(Cl)3-n n =1,2,3
Authors: Klapötke Thomas , Laskowski Regina , Köpf Hartmut 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The mono(cyclopentadienyl)titan(IV)thiolat-Komplexe des Typs CpTi(SR)"(Cl) 3 _ n mit n = 1, 2, 3 Synthesis and Spectroscopic Characterization of New Mono(cyclopentadienyl)titanium(IV) Thiolate Complexes of the Type CpTi(SR)"(Cl) 3 _", n =1,2,3 Cyclopentadienyl-dichloro-thiolato-titanium(IV) Complexes, Cyclopentadienyl-chloro-bis(thiolato)-titanium(IV) Complexes, Cyclopentadienyl-tris(thiolato)-titanium(IV) Complexes The mono(cyclopentadienyl)titanium(IV) derivatives CpTi(SR)Cl-> (Cp = ?7 5 -C 5 H 5 ; R = QF S , C 6 H 4 Cl-p, C 6 H 4 Br-p, C6H4CH3-O, C 6 H 4 CH 3 -p, C 6 H", C,H,)\ Cp'Ti(SR)Cl 2 (Cp' = >7 5 -C 5 H 4 CH 3 ; R = C 6 H 5 , C 6 H 4 C1 -p, C 6 H 4 CH 3 -o, C 6 H 4 CH 3 -/>), CpTi(SR) 2 Cl (R = C 6 H 5), Cp'Ti(l,2-S 2 C 6 H 3 CH 3 -4)Cl, and CpTi(SR) 3 (R = C 6 H 5) were prepared by reaction of CpTiCl 3 or Cp'TiCl 3 with equivalent amounts of the appropriate lithium thiolates, or with the free thiol and triethylamine, respectively. The new thiolate complexes were characterized by 'H NMR and mass spectroscopy.
Indobine — a New Alkaloid from Rauwolfia serpentina Benth
Authors: Siddiqui Salimuzzaman , Haider S. Imtiaz , Ahmad S. Salman 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Indobine. Rauwolfia serpentina A new alkaloid indobine has been isolated from the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina obtained from Thailand and its structure was determined as benzylester of indole propionic acid through chemical and spectroscopic studies.
Notiz zu einer Reaktion von Alkoholen mit dem phasentransfer-katalytischen Dichlorcarbensystem (Anwendungen der Phasentransfer-Katalyse, Teil 36 [1]) / Notice on a Reaction of Alcohols with the Phase Transfer Catalytic Dichlorocarbene System (Applications of Phase Transfer Catalysis, Part 36 [1])
Authors: Dehmlow Eckehard V. , Neuhaus Rainer 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
1.2-Dialkoxytetrachlorocyclopropanes, ortho Esters Primary aliphatic alcohols and HCCl 3 /NaOH/ catalyst yield stereoisomeric 1,2-dialkoxytetra-chlorocyclopropanes 4 and 5, benzyl and phenethyl alcohol give orthoformates (1). Compounds 4 suffer rearrangement/hydrolysis at 120 °C yielding 3-alkoxv-2,3-dichloroacrylates (6).
Freisetzung von Schwefelmonoxid aus seinen Komplexverbindungen [1] / Liberation of Sulfur Monoxide from its Coordination Compounds [1]
Authors: Schenk Wolfdieter A. , Leißner Johanna 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The complexes [M(P/Pr 3) 2 (SO)Cl] (M = Rh, Ir) react with CO under mild conditions to give free SO which is trapped by cycloaddition to an ortho-quinone.
Antisense‐mediated exon skipping: a therapeutic strategy for titin‐based dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Gramlich Michael , Pane Luna Simona , Zhou Qifeng , Chen Zhifen , Murgia Marta , Schötterl Sonja , Goedel Alexander , Metzger Katja , Brade Thomas , Parrotta Elvira , Schaller Martin , Gerull Brenda , Thierfelder Ludwig , Aartsma‐Rus Annemieke , Labeit Siegfried , Atherton John J , McGaughran Julie , Harvey Richard P , Sinnecker Daniel , Mann Matthias , Laugwitz Karl‐Ludwig , Gawaz Meinrad Paul , Moretti Alessandra 
Published: March 2015

AbstractFrameshift mutations in the TTN gene encoding titin are a major cause for inherited forms of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), a heart disease characterized by ventricular dilatation, systolic dysfunction, and progressive heart failure. To date, there are no specific treatment options for DCM patients but heart transplantation. Here, we show the beneficial potential of reframing titin transcripts by antisense oligonucleotide (AON)‐mediated exon skipping in human and murine models of DCM carrying a previously identified autosomal‐dominant frameshift mutation in titin exon 326. Correction of TTN reading frame in patient‐specific cardiomyocytes derived from induced pluripotent stem cells rescued defective myofibril assembly and stability and normalized the sarcomeric protein expression. AON treatment in Ttn knock‐in mice improved sarcomere formation and contractile performance in homozygous embryos and prevented the development of the DCM phenotype in heterozygous animals. These results demonstrate that disruption of the titin reading frame due to a truncating DCM mutation can be restored by exon skipping in both patient cardiomyocytes in vitro and mouse heart in vivo, indicating RNA‐based strategies as a potential treatment option for DCM.
The Evolutionarily Stable Distribution of Fitness Effects
Authors: Rice Daniel P , Good Benjamin H , Desai Michael M 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The distribution of fitness effects (DFE) of new mutations is a key parameter in determining the course of evolution. This fact has motivated extensive efforts to measure the DFE or to predict it from first principles. However, just as the DFE determines the course of evolution, the evolutionary process itself constrains the DFE. Here, we analyze a simple model of genome evolution in a constant environment in which natural selection drives the population toward a dynamic steady state where beneficial and deleterious substitutions balance. The distribution of fitness effects at this steady state is stable under further evolution and provides a natural null expectation for the DFE in a population that has evolved in a constant environment for a long time. We calculate how the shape of the evolutionarily stable DFE depends on the underlying population genetic parameters. We show that, in the absence of epistasis, the ratio of beneficial to deleterious mutations of a given fitness effect obeys a simple relationship independent of population genetic details. Finally, we analyze how the stable DFE changes in the presence of a simple form of diminishing-returns epistasis.
Journalism and Islam in Indonesia and Malaysia: Five Approaches
Authors: Steele Janet 
Published: March 2015

Although the principles of journalism –truth, verification, balance, and independence from power– are arguably universal, they are interpreted through the prisms of local culture. Five news organizations in Indonesia and Malaysia suggest a variety of approaches to understanding the relationship between journalism and Islam. Whereas writers at Indonesia’s Sabili magazine were selected based on their experience in the tarbīyah or education movement, at Republika (an Indonesian newspaper established to serve the Muslim community), journalistic skills are more important than outward demonstrations of piety. Muslim journalists at the two most liberal of these publications, Indonesia’s Tempo magazine and Malaysia’s news-portal Malaysiakini, see their work in substantive rather than scripturalist terms, and editors of Harakah, the newspaper of the Pan-Malaysian Islamic party, are outspoken champions of freedom of expression. These varied approaches suggest there is much to be learned from the influence of Islam on the practice of journalism in Southeast Asia.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v21i3.1218
Validating a Tool to Measure Safety Culture
Authors: Harris Wendy L. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
A study was conducted to determine the validity of an instrument used to measure safety culture. This instrument was developed from a framework that was garnered from research literature and describes 18 characteristics of safety culture at different levels of culture maturity. Scores from the completed instrument identify the distribution and preponderance of culture maturity for a group. Over 800 completed surveys were gathered and analyzed to determine the validity of its measurements.
As this measurement tool is available to safety practicitioners through research literature, validation of its measurement capability creates an avenue for many to evaluate their safety culture with confidence. Additionally, the study provides recommendations on how to use the tool effectively and improve the existing instrument.
Analysis of the data using confirmatory factor analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and Cronbach's Alpha yielded confirmation that the existing instrument was indeed a reliable measure. Potential gaps were also identified. Both factor analyses supported a three factor structure of safety culture, with one factor that was less developed than the remaining two. As a result of these findings, while the current instrument can be useful in providing a valid indication of safety culture, modifications are recommended and detailed in the study.
The importance of safety culture as a mechanism for improving HSE performance is well documented. However, current research does not agree on a model of safety culture nor does it support any particular instrument for measuring culture. The results of this study provide support of a three factor model that will be helpful for practitioners wanting to improve culture within their organization. As well, the validation of the current instrument provides a mechanism for measuring culture that is commonly available.
Managing Risks at the Early Phases of Oil and Gas Major Capital Projects
Authors: Salas R. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The rise in energy demand creates a significant need to invest in energy capital projects throughout the world and nearly $38 trillion is projected to be invested in these projects through 2035. With the complexity of the infrastructure and the nature of the products being handled, the integrity and safety of design, construction and operations must be intact and within the acceptable risk level of the companies and societal pressures. Operational, safety and technical (project development & execution) issues, including examination of risk management key concepts, outcomes and concerns, are a necessary focus at the early phases of major capital projects. While the scale of these unique projects are increasing, potential systematic risks beyond short-term project implementation must be considered such as: testing emergent technologies, maintaining critical expertise, and utilizing in-depth analyses of project execution.
Effective application of risk management creates a more actionable outcome and enhances the project capacity to achieve a more predictable, sustainable and safe work environment. Managing risks at the early phases is crucial to successful implementation of oil and gas major capital projects.