bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chapter 5 Controls on sedimentation in Indian Palaeoproterozoic basins: clues from the Gwalior and Bijawar basins, central India
Authors: Chakraborty Partha Pratim , Pant Naresh Chandra , Paul Pritam P. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Overlying Archaean Bundelkhand Granite Gneiss Complex, the Gwalior and Bijawar Groups of rocks represent two Palaeoproterozoic basin successions which, despite their common sediment provenance and analogous rift-related tectonic setup, record more dissimilarity in their sedimentation pattern than similarity. Whereas early sedimentation in the Gwalior Basin is clastic, the early Bijawar sedimentation is dominantly chemogenic (limestone and chert) except for an early, restricted volcano-clastic record. Although both of the basins record syn-depositional volcanic/volcaniclastic event(s) in the form of occurrence of basaltic and basaltic–andesite sills encased within their respective basin fills, the occurrence of iron formation in the later part of Gwalior sedimentation history and its absence in the Bijawar succession is related to variable oxidation conditions in the water columns of the two basins. Rising sea-level and upwelling on the continental margins of these two rift-related basins possibly generated different water chemistries; these allowed the deposition of iron formation in the Gwalior Basin and phosphorite in the Bijawar Basin. Effects of post-depositional digenetic re-crystallization are noticed within both iron formation and phosphorite deposits present in the basin successions.
Z-MAP
Authors: Wei Qingsong , Chen Cheng , Xue Mingdi , Yang Jun 
Published: March 2015

Existing space management and address mapping schemes for flash-based Solid-State-Drive (SSD) operate either at page or block granularity, with inevitable limitations in terms of memory requirement, performance, garbage collection, and scalability. To overcome these limitations, we proposed a novel space management and address mapping scheme for flash referred to as Z-MAP, which manages flash space at granularity of Zone. Each Zone consists of multiple numbers of flash blocks. Leveraging workload classification, Z-MAP explores Page-mapping Zone (Page Zone) to store random data and handle a large number of partial updates, and Block-mapping Zone (Block Zone) to store sequential data and lower the overall mapping table. Zones are dynamically allocated and a mapping scheme for a Zone is determined only when it is allocated. Z-MAP uses a small part of Flash memory or phase change memory as a streaming Buffer Zone to log data sequentially and migrate data into Page Zone or Block Zone based on workload classification. A two-level address mapping is designed to reduce the overall mapping table and address translation latency. Z-MAP classifies data before it is permanently stored into Flash memory so that different workloads can be isolated and garbage collection overhead can be minimized.
Z-MAP has been extensively evaluated by trace-driven simulation and a prototype implementation on OpenSSD. Our benchmark results conclusively demonstrate that Z-MAP can achieve up to 76% performance improvement, 81% mapping table reduction, and 88% garbage collection overhead reduction compared to existing Flash Translation Layer (FTL) schemes.
Decentralized task-aware scheduling for data center networks
Authors: Dogar Fahad R. , Karagiannis Thomas , Ballani Hitesh , Rowstron Antony 
Published: March 2015

Many data center applications perform rich and complex tasks (e.g., executing a search query or generating a user's news-feed). From a network perspective, these tasks typically comprise multiple flows, which traverse different parts of the network at potentially different times. Most network resource allocation schemes, however, treat all these flows in isolation -- rather than as part of a task -- and therefore only optimize flow-level metrics.
In this paper, we show that task-aware network scheduling, which groups flows of a task and schedules them together, can reduce both the average as well as tail completion time for typical data center applications. To achieve these benefits in practice, we design and implement Baraat, a decentralized task-aware scheduling system. Baraat schedules tasks in a FIFO order but avoids head-of-line blocking by dynamically changing the level of multiplexing in the network. Through experiments with Memcached on a small testbed and large-scale simulations, we show that Baraat outperforms state-of-the-art decentralized schemes (e.g., pFabric) as well as centralized schedulers (e.g., Orchestra) for a wide range of workloads (e.g., search, analytics, etc).
Diagnosing missing events in distributed systems with negative provenance
Authors: Wu Yang , Zhao Mingchen , Haeberlen Andreas , Zhou Wenchao , Loo Boon Thau 
Published: March 2015

When debugging a distributed system, it is sometimes necessary to explain the absence of an event - for instance, why a certain route is not available, or why a certain packet did not arrive. Existing debuggers offer some support for explaining the presence of events, usually by providing the equivalent of a backtrace in conventional debuggers, but they are not very good at answering 'Why not?' questions: there is simply no starting point for a possible backtrace.
In this paper, we show that the concept of negative provenance can be used to explain the absence of events in distributed systems. Negative provenance relies on counterfactual reasoning to identify the conditions under which the missing event could have occurred. We define a formal model of negative provenance for distributed systems, and we present the design of a system called Y! that tracks both positive and negative provenance and can use them to answer diagnostic queries. We describe how we have used Y! to debug several realistic problems in two application domains: software-defined networks and BGP interdomain routing. Results from our experimental evaluation show that the overhead of Y! is moderate.
Angiotensin II feedback is a regulator of renocortical renin, COX-2, and nNOS expression
Authors: Kammerl Martin C. , Richthammer Wolfgang , Kurtz Armin , Krämer Bernhard K. 
Published: March 2015

Salt restriction leads to parallel increases of renin, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) gene expression in the juxtaglomerular apparatus of rat kidneys. Because the upregulation of these genes is strongly enhanced if salt restriction is combined with inhibition of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, our study aimed to find out whether the juxtaglomerular expressions of renin, COX-2, and nNOS are subject to a common direct negative feedback control by ANG II. For this purpose, male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a low-salt diet (0.02% wt/wt) with or without additional treatment with the ANG I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor ramipril (10 mg · kg body wt−1· day−1) for 1 wk, and renocortical renin, COX-2, and nNOS mRNAs were assayed. To narrow down possible indirect effects of the ACE inhibitor that may result from insufficient aldosterone production, the animals received mineralocorticoid substitution with fludrocortisone (6 mg · kg body wt−1· day−1). Thus mineralocorticoid substitution prevented the fall of systolic blood pressure and of glomerular filtration induced by ramipril in rats on low-salt diet.Although fludrocortisone had no effect on basal renin, COX-2, and nNOS mRNA, it clearly attenuated the threefold increases of both renin and COX-2 mRNA in response to low-salt diet. In rats on low-salt diet, ramipril further increased renin mRNA ninefold, COX-2 mRNA fourfold, and nNOS 2.5-fold in the absence of fludrocortisone. In the presence of fludrocortisone, ramipril increased renin mRNA 10-fold, COX-2 mRNA 2.5-fold, and nNOS mRNA 2.5-fold. These data indicate that mineralocorticoid substitution lowers the overall expression of juxtaglomerular renin and COX-2 during low-salt intake and attenuates a further rise of COX-2 expression by ACE inhibition, but it does not change the stimulatory effect of ACE inhibition on renin and nNOS expression.We conclude that the expression of renin, COX-2, and nNOS in the juxtaglomerular apparatus during low-salt diet is markedly limited by a direct feedback inhibition through ANG II.
The Same but Different: the culture in which our adolescents live
Authors: O'Keefe Theresa 
Published: March 2015

Adolescents engage in and interpret the cultural world they share with adults with different cognitive and emotional capacities than most of the adults around them. Those differences in capacity make the same world a different place. Drawing from a sample of major studies, this article reviews elements of findings on the dynamic interaction between adolescent development and contemporary culture and compiles these into four related stressors that adolescents in the United States encounter. Those stressors are:1. The poly-vocal nature of the contemporary world;2. The over-scheduled lives of children and families;3. The isolation felt by adolescents, parents, and families overall; and4. The marketplace's effort to target children and adolescents.The stressors, it is argued, raise concerns for adolescents' efforts to navigate and to find a personal sense of identity and purpose. The article then moves to examine in what particular ways this is problematic for adolescents and suggests how our religious communities might assist adolescents in growing to adulthood with a sense of self able to function in a challenging world.
A new section (Begonia sect. Oligandrae sect. nov.) and a new species (Begonia pentandra sp. nov.) in Begoniaceae from New Guinea
Authors: Hughes Mark , Takeuchi Wayne 
Published: March 2015

Begonia pentandra is described from previously unknown environments on the Juha limestone of Papua New Guinea’s Southern Escarpment. It is placed in the newly described Begonia sect. Oligandrae, along with B. brassii, B. chambersiae, B. oligandra and B. sandsiana. The section is endemic to the New Guinea Highlands and is characterised by male flowers with 4–8 stamens and fruits with three, fleshy, horn-like wings.
Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Dislocation Arthropathy
Authors: Plath Johannes E. , Aboalata Mohamed , Seppel Gernot , Juretzko Julia , Waldt Simone , Vogt Stephan , Imhoff Andreas B. 
Published: March 2015

Background: Glenohumeral osteoarthritis is a well-documented, long-term complication of open stabilization procedures. However, there is a lack of knowledge about long-term radiographic outcome after arthroscopic Bankart procedures. Hypothesis: Glenohumeral osteoarthritis will develop less frequently in arthroscopic Bankart repair compared with open repairs reported in the literature. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: The inclusion criteria for this study were (1) all-arthroscopic Bankart repair for a (2) symptomatic anteroinferior shoulder instability and (3) a minimum follow-up of 10 years. True anteroposterior and lateral radiographs were obtained to evaluate the prevalence and grade of osteoarthritis according to the Samilson classification. Patients were assessed by the Constant score and examined for passive external rotation deficits. Results: Of 165 shoulders that fulfilled the inclusion criteria, 100 were available for evaluation. The median Constant score at an average ± SD 156.2 ± 18.5 months after Bankart repair was 94 (range, 46-100). Twenty-one shoulders (21%) sustained a recurrent dislocation. Overall, 31% of shoulders showed no evidence of glenohumeral osteoarthritis; 41% showed mild, 16% moderate, and 12% severe degenerative changes. Osteoarthritis did not correlate with Constant score results ( P = .427). The grade of osteoarthritis was significantly associated with the number of preoperative dislocations ( P = .016), age at initial dislocation ( P = .005) and at surgery ( P = .002), and the number of anchors used ( P = .001), whereas time from initial dislocation to surgery ( P = .854) and external rotation deficit at 0° and 90° of abduction ( P = .104 and .348, respectively) showed no significant correlation. Recurrent dislocation did not affect the presence or grade of osteoarthritis ( P = .796 and .665, respectively). Conclusion: At an average 13 years after arthroscopic Bankart repair, osteoarthritic changes are a common finding and, overall, are comparable with reports in the literature regarding open procedures as well as nonoperative treatment. The extent of trauma sustained during preoperative dislocations and the age of the patient seem to be more relevant for long-term dislocation arthropathy than the kind of treatment. Accordingly, the study hypothesis must be rejected. Avoiding preoperative dislocations is more important for the prevention of osteoarthritis than short-term treatment. The number of anchors used was found to be a predictor for long-term development of osteoarthritis.
Decision Trees Predicting Tumor Shrinkage for Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Surucu Murat , Shah Karan K. , Mescioglu Ibrahim , Roeske John C. , Small William , Choi Mehee , Emami Bahman 
Published: March 2015

Objective: To develop decision trees predicting for tumor volume reduction in patients with head and neck (H&N) cancer using pretreatment clinical and pathological parameters. Methods: Forty-eight patients treated with definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the nasopharynx, oropharynx, oral cavity, or hypopharynx were retrospectively analyzed. These patients were rescanned at a median dose of 37.8 Gy and replanned to account for anatomical changes. The percentages of gross tumor volume (GTV) change from initial to rescan computed tomography (CT; %GTVΔ) were calculated. Two decision trees were generated to correlate %GTVΔ in primary and nodal volumes with 14 characteristics including age, gender, Karnofsky performance status (KPS), site, human papilloma virus (HPV) status, tumor grade, primary tumor growth pattern (endophytic/exophytic), tumor/nodal/group stages, chemotherapy regimen, and primary, nodal, and total GTV volumes in the initial CT scan. The C4.5 Decision Tree induction algorithm was implemented. Results: The median %GTVΔ for primary, nodal, and total GTVs was 26.8%, 43.0%, and 31.2%, respectively. Type of chemotherapy, age, primary tumor growth pattern, site, KPS, and HPV status were the most predictive parameters for primary %GTVΔ decision tree, whereas for nodal %GTVΔ, KPS, site, age, primary tumor growth pattern, initial primary GTV, and total GTV volumes were predictive. Both decision trees had an accuracy of 88%. Conclusions: There can be significant changes in primary and nodal tumor volumes during the course of H&N chemoradiotherapy. Considering the proposed decision trees, radiation oncologists can select patients predicted to have high %GTVΔ, who would theoretically gain the most benefit from adaptive radiotherapy, in order to better use limited clinical resources.
miR-18b overexpression identifies mantle cell lymphoma patients with poor outcome and improves the MIPI-B prognosticator
Authors: Husby Simon , Ralfkiaer Ulrik , Garde Christian , Zandi Roza , Ek Sara , Kolstad Arne , Jerkeman Mats , Laurell Anna , Räty Riikka , Pedersen Lone B. , Pedersen Anja , Ehinger Mats , Sundström Christer , Karjalainen-Lindsberg Marja-Liisa , Delabie Jan , Clasen-Linde Erik , Brown Peter , Cowland Jack B. , Workman Christopher T. , Geisler Christian H. , Grønbæk Kirsten 
Published: March 2015

Key Points
miR-18b overexpression identified patients with poor prognosis in 2 large prospective homogenously treated MCL cohorts. miR-18b overexpression adds prognostic information to the MIPI-B prognosticator.
Chemotherapy With or Without Maintenance Sunitinib for Untreated Extensive-Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase II Study—CALGB 30504 (Alliance)
Authors: Ready Neal E. , Pang Herbert H. , Gu Lin , Otterson Gregory A. , Thomas Sachdev P. , Miller Antonius A. , Baggstrom Maria , Masters Gregory A. , Graziano Stephen L. , Crawford Jeffrey , Bogart Jeffrey , Vokes Everett E. 
Published: March 2015

PurposeTo evaluate the efficacy of maintenance sunitinib after chemotherapy for small-cell lung cancer (SCLC).Patients and MethodsThe Cancer and Leukemia Group B 30504 trial was a randomized, placebo-controlled, phase II study that enrolled patients before chemotherapy (cisplatin 80 mg/m2or carboplatin area under the curve of 5 on day 1 plus etoposide 100 mg/m2per day on days 1 to 3 every 21 days for four to six cycles). Patients without progression were randomly assigned 1:1 to placebo or sunitinib 37.5 mg per day until progression. Cross-over after progression was allowed. The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS) from random assignment for maintenance placebo versus sunitinib using a one-sided log-rank test with α = .15; 80 randomly assigned patients provided 89% power to detect a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.67.ResultsOne hundred forty-four patients were enrolled; 138 patients received chemotherapy. Ninety-five patients were randomly assigned; 10 patients did not receive maintenance therapy (five on each arm). Eighty-five patients received maintenance therapy (placebo, n = 41; sunitinib, n = 44). Grade 3 adverse events with more than 5% incidence were fatigue (19%), decreased neutrophils (14%), decreased leukocytes (7%), and decreased platelets (7%) for sunitinib and fatigue (10%) for placebo; grade 4 adverse events were GI hemorrhage (n = 1) and pancreatitis, hypocalcemia, and elevated lipase (n = 1; all in same patient) for sunitinib and thrombocytopenia (n = 1) and hypernatremia (n = 1) for placebo. Median PFS on maintenance was 2.1 months for placebo and 3.7 months for sunitinib (HR, 1.62; 70% CI, 1.27 to 2.08; 95% CI, 1.02 to 2.60; one-sided P = .02). Median overall survival from random assignment was 6.9 months for placebo and 9.0 months for sunitinib (HR, 1.28; 95% CI, 0.79 to 2.10; one-sided P = .16). Three sunitinib and no placebo patients achieved complete response during maintenance. Ten (77%) of 13 patients evaluable after cross-over had stable disease on sunitinib (6 to 27 weeks).ConclusionMaintenance sunitinib was safe and improved PFS in extensive-stage SCLC.
Autoantibody Response Against NALP5/MATER in Primary Ovarian Insufficiency and in Autoimmune Addison's Disease
Authors: Brozzetti Annalisa , Alimohammadi Mohammad , Morelli Silvia , Minarelli Viviana , Hallgren Åsa , Giordano Roberta , De Bellis Annamaria , Perniola Roberto , Kämpe Olle , Falorni Alberto ,   on behalf of the Italian Addison Network
Published: March 2015

AbstractContext:NACHT leucine-rich-repeat protein 5 (NALP5)/maternal antigen that embryo requires (MATER) is an autoantigen in hypoparathyroidism associated with autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS1) but is also expressed in the ovary. Mater is an autoantigen in experimental autoimmune oophoritis.Objectives:The objectives of the study were to determine the frequency of NALP5/MATER autoantibodies (NALP5/MATER-Ab) in women with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) and in patients with autoimmune Addison's disease (AAD) and to evaluate whether inhibin chains are a target for autoantibodies in POI.Methods:Autoantibodies against NALP5/MATER and inhibin chains-α and -βA were determined by radiobinding assays in 172 patients with AAD without clinical signs of gonadal insufficiency, 41 women with both AAD and autoimmune POI [steroidogenic cell autoimmune POI (SCA-POI)], 119 women with idiopathic POI, 19 patients with APS1, and 211 healthy control subjects.Results:NALP5/MATER-Ab were detected in 11 of 19 (58%) sera from APS1 patients, 12 of 172 (7%) AAD sera, 5 of 41 (12%) SCA-POI sera, 0 of 119 idiopathic POI sera and 1 of 211 healthy control sera (P &lt; .001). None of 160 POI sera, including 41 sera from women with SCA-POI and 119 women with idiopathic POI, and none of 211 healthy control sera were positive for inhibin chain-α/βA autoantibodies.Conclusions:NALP5/MATER-Ab are associated with hypoparathyroidism in APS1 but are present also in patients with AAD and in women with SCA-POI without hypoparathyroidism. Inhibin chains do not appear to be likely candidate targets of autoantibodies in human POI.
State Corporations in Russia’s Modern Economy
Authors: Сухов  , Sukhov Alyeksyey 
Published: March 2015

Role and place of state corporations in Russia’s modern economic system and
specialties related to theirs formation and development are investigated in this
paper. State corporations’ forms, theirs activity’s fundamental aims, as well as
theirs social-and economic functions, specific features and modern strategy are
considered. Importance of a role which the state plays in formation and
development of state corporations in Russia that in its turn promotes a
successful reformation of Russian economy, macroeconomic stabilization
reaching and acceleration of process related to formation a social-aimed
economy in Russia is revealed.
Experience in Realizing the Local History Module of the “World Around Us” Course in the Belgorod Region
Authors: Стручаева  , Struchaeva Tamara 
Published: March 2015

The paper highlights the experience in realizing the local history module “Belgorod Studies” within the “World Around Us” course in the 1st–4th grades in accordance with the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard of Primary General Education (FGOS NOO). The
program of extracurricular activities for primary school classes, based on the local history material, is characterized in detail.
Managing the Process of Developing Intellectual Skills of Primary School Students When Teaching a Foreign Language
Authors: Ромашина  , Romashina Svetlana , Горнаева  , Gornaeva M. 
Published: March 2015

The paper considers the effects of foreign language learning on the ability of primary schoolchildren to develop intellectual skills. Theoretical
grounds of the research are featured, the potential of learning assignments in English for developing intellectual skills is revealed.
A comparison of patient-reported outcome measures after spinal surgery
Authors: Patel M. S. , Newey M. , Sell P. 
Published: March 2015

Minimal clinically important differences (MCID) in the scores of patient-reported outcome measures allow clinicians to assess the outcome of intervention from the perspective of the patient. There has been significant variation in their absolute values in previous publications and a lack of consistency in their calculation. The purpose of this study was first, to establish whether these values, following spinal surgery, vary depending on the surgical intervention and their method of calculation and secondly, to assess whether there is any correlation between the two external anchors most frequently used to calculate the MCID. We carried out a retrospective analysis of prospectively gathered data of adult patients who underwent elective spinal surgery between 1994 and 2009. A total of 244 patients were included. There were 125 men and 119 women with a mean age of 54 years (16 to 84); the mean follow-up was 62 months (6 to 199) The MCID was calculated using three previously published methods. Our results show that the value of the MCID varies considerably with the operation and its method of calculation. There was good correlation between the two external anchors. The global outcome tool correlated significantly better. We conclude that consensus needs to be reached on the best method of calculating the MCID. This then needs to be defined for each spinal procedure. Using a blanket value for the MCID for all spinal procedures should be avoided. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:366–71.