bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal separation and early stress cause long‐lasting effects on dopaminergic and endocannabinergic systems and alters dendritic morphology in the nucleus accumbens and frontal cortex in rats
Authors: Romano‐López Antonio , Méndez‐Díaz Mónica , García Fabio García , Regalado‐Santiago Citlalli , Ruiz‐Contreras Alejandra E. , Prospéro‐García Oscar 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTA considerable amount experimental studies have shown that maternal separation (MS) is associated with adult offspring abnormal behavior and cognition disorder. Accordingly, this experimental procedure has been proposed as a predictor for alcohol and drug dependence based on the neurodevelopmental soon after birth. Endocannabinoid system (eCBs) has been implicated in reward processes, including drug abuse and dependence. MS and associated stress causes changes in the eCBs that seem to facilitate alcohol consumption. In this study, we seek to evaluate potential morphological changes in neurons of the frontal cortex (FCx) and nucleus accumbens (NAcc), in the expression of receptors and enzymes of the endocannabinoid and dopamine systems and in second messengers, such as Akt, in adult rats subjected to MS and early stress (MS + ES; 2 × 180 min daily) vs. nonseparated rats (NMS). Results showed that MS + ES induces higher D2R expression and lower D3R, FAAH, and MAGL expression compared with NMS rats. Alterations in total dendritic length were also detected and were characterized by increases in the NAcc while there were decreases in the FCx. We believe MS + ES‐induced changes in the dopaminergic and endocannabinergic systems and in the neuronal microstructure might be contributing to alcohol seeking behavior and, potential vulnerability to other drugs in rats. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 76: 819–831, 2016
Heritability of complex white matter diffusion traits assessed in a population isolate
Authors: Kochunov Peter , Fu Mao , Nugent Katie , Wright Susan N. , Du Xiaoming , Muellerklein Florian , Morrissey Mary , Eskandar George , Shukla Dinesh K , Jahanshad Neda , Thompson Paul M. , Patel Binish , Postolache Teodor T. , Strauss Kevin A. , Shuldiner Alan R. , Mitchell Braxton D. , Hong L. Elliot 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIntroductionDiffusion weighted imaging (DWI) methods can noninvasively ascertain cerebral microstructure by examining pattern and directions of water diffusion in the brain. We calculated heritability for DWI parameters in cerebral white (WM) and gray matter (GM) to study the genetic contribution to the diffusion signals across tissue boundaries.MethodsUsing Old Order Amish (OOA) population isolate with large family pedigrees and high environmental homogeneity, we compared the heritability of measures derived from three representative DWI methods targeting the corpus callosum WM and cingulate gyrus GM: diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), the permeability‐diffusivity (PD) model, and the neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) model. These successively more complex models represent the diffusion signal modeling using one, two, and three diffusion compartments, respectively.ResultsWe replicated the high heritability of the DTI‐based fractional anisotropy (h2 = 0.67) and radial diffusivity (h2 = 0.72) in WM. High heritability in both WM and GM tissues were observed for the permeability‐diffusivity index from the PD model (h2 = 0.64 and 0.84), and the neurite density from the NODDI model (h2 = 0.70 and 0.55). The orientation dispersion index from the NODDI model was only significantly heritable in GM (h2 = 0.68).ConclusionDWI measures from multicompartmental models were significantly heritable in WM and GM. DWI can offer valuable phenotypes for genetic research; and genes thus identified may reveal mechanisms contributing to mental and neurological disorders in which diffusion imaging anomalies are consistently found. Hum Brain Mapp 37:525–535, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Anatomical and functional connectivity in the default mode network of post‐traumatic stress disorder patients after civilian and military‐related trauma
Authors: Reuveni Inbal , Bonne Omer , Giesser Ruti , Shragai Tamir , Lazarovits Gilad , Isserles Moshe , Schreiber Shaul , Bick Atira S. , Levin Netta 
Published: November 2015

AbstractPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterized by unwanted intrusive thoughts and hyperarousal at rest. As these core symptoms reflect disturbance in resting‐state mechanisms, we investigated the functional and anatomical involvement of the default mode network (DMN) in this disorder. The relation between symptomatology and trauma characteristics was considered. Twenty PTSD patients and 20 matched trauma‐exposed controls that were exposed to a similar traumatic event were recruited for this study. In each group, 10 patients were exposed to military trauma, and 10 to civilian trauma. PTSD, anxiety, and depression symptom severity were assessed. DMN maps were identified in resting‐state scans using independent component analysis. Regions of interest (medial prefrontal, precuneus, and bilateral inferior parietal) were defined and average z‐scores were extracted for use in the statistical analysis. The medial prefrontal and the precuneus regions were used for cingulum tractography whose integrity was measured and compared between groups. Similar functional and anatomical connectivity patterns were identified in the DMN of PTSD patients and trauma‐exposed controls. In the PTSD group, functional and anatomical connectivity parameters were strongly correlated with clinical measures, and there was evidence of coupling between the anatomical and functional properties. Type of trauma and time from trauma were found to modulate connectivity patterns. To conclude, anatomical and functional connectivity patterns are related to PTSD symptoms and trauma characteristics influence connectivity beyond clinical symptoms. Hum Brain Mapp 37:589–599, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Look before you leap: Visual navigation and terrestrial locomotion of the intertidal killifish Fundulus heteroclitus
Authors: Bressman Noah R. , Farina Stacy C. , Gibb Alice C. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTMummichogs (Fundulus heteroclitus; Cyprinodontiformes) are intertidal killifish that can breathe air and locomote on land. Our goals were to characterize the terrestrial locomotion of mummichogs and determine their method of navigation towards water in a terrestrial environment. We used high‐speed video to record behavior during stranding experiments and found that mummichogs use a tail‐flip jump to move overland, similarly to other Cyprinodontiformes. However, mummichogs also prop themselves upright into a prone position between each jump, a previously undescribed behavior. After becoming prone, mummichogs rotate about their vertical axis, directing the caudal fin towards the water. Then, they roll back onto their lateral aspect and use a tail‐flip behavior to leap into a caudally‐directed, ballistic flight path. We conducted experiments to determine the sensory stimulus used to locate a body of water by placing mummichogs on a square platform with one side adjacent to a sea table. Under artificial light, mummichogs moved towards the sea table with a higher frequency than towards the other sides. Under dark conditions, mummichogs did not show a preference for moving towards the sea table. When the surface of the water was covered with reflective foil, mummichogs moved towards it as if it were a body of water. These results suggest that mummichogs primarily use visual cues, specifically reflected light, to orient towards the water. The uprighting behavior that mummichogs perform between terrestrial jumps may provide an opportunity for these fish to receive visual information that allows them to safely return to the water. J. Exp. Zool. 325A:57–64, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Shift in performance of food safety management systems in supply chains: case of green bean chain in Kenya versus hot pepper chain in Uganda
Authors: Nanyunja Jessica , Jacxsens Liesbeth , Kirezieva Klementina , Kaaya Archileo N , Uyttendaele Mieke , Luning Pieternel A 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis study investigates the level of design and operation of food safety management systems (FSMS) of farmers and export traders in Kenya and Uganda. FSMS diagnostic tools developed for the fresh produce chain were used to assess the levels of context riskiness, FSMS activities and system output in primary production (n = 60) and trade (n = 60). High‐risk context characteristics combined with basic FSMS are expected to increase the risk on unsafe produce.RESULTSIn Uganda both farmers and export traders of hot peppers operate in a high‐ to moderate‐risk context but have basic FSMS and low systems output. In Kenya, both farmers and export traders of green beans operate in a low‐ to moderate‐risk context. The farmers have average performing FSMS, whereas export trade companies showed more advanced FSMS and system output scores ranging from satisfactory to good.CONCLUSIONLarge retailers supplying the EU premium market play a crucial role in demanding compliance with strict voluntary food safety standards, which was reflected in the more advanced FSMS and good system output in Kenya, especially traders. In Kenya, a clear shift in more fit‐for‐purpose FSMS and higher system output was noticed between farms and trade companies. In the case of Uganda, traders commonly supply to the less demanding EU wholesale markets such as ethnic specialty shops. They only have to comply with the legal phytosanitary and pesticide residue requirements for export activities, which apparently resulted in basic FSMS and low system output present with both farmers and traders. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Bioavailability of lutein in corn distillers dried grains with solubles relative to lutein in corn gluten meal based on lutein retention in egg yolk
Authors: Shin Hye Seong , Kim Jong Woong , Lee Dong Gu , Lee Sanghyun , Kil Dong Yong 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDDietary lutein and its food sources have gained great attention due to its health‐promoting effects on humans, especially for certain eye diseases. However, relative bioavailability (RBV) of lutein among lutein‐rich feed ingredients that lead to lutein‐enriched egg production has not been determined. Thus, the RBV of lutein in corn distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) as compared to lutein in corn gluten meal (CGM) was evaluated based on lutein retention in egg yolk.RESULTSIncreasing inclusion levels of DDGS or CGM in diets increased (linear, P < 0.01) Roche colour score and lutein concentrations of egg yolk without affecting laying performance. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the bioavailability of lutein in DDGS was less (P < 0.05) than that of lutein in CGM, with the RBV of lutein in DDGS being 61.6% when the bioavailability of lutein in CGM was assumed to be 100% for lutein retention in egg yolk.CONCLUSIONThe results of the present experiment indicate that the DDGS can be a potential ingredient for laying hens to improve egg yolk colour and lutein concentrations of egg yolk although lutein in DDGS is less bioavailable than lutein in CGM. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Anterolateral thigh flap for axillary reconstruction after sarcoma resection
Authors: Miyamoto Shimpei , Fujiki Masahide , Kawai Akira , Chuman Hirokazu , Sakuraba Minoru 
Published: November 2015

BackgroundReconstruction of extensive axillary defects after sarcoma resection presents a challenging problem in reconstructive microsurgery. The purpose of this report was to investigate the feasibility of the free anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap for oncologic axillary reconstruction.MethodsThe extensive axillary defects in six patients with sarcoma was reconstructed using a free ALT flap. The defect size ranged from 15 × 11 to 28 × 25 cm2. Five patients had recurrent cases and the ipsilateral latissimus dorsi flap had been already used in three patients. Two patients with a full‐thickness defect underwent chest wall reconstruction with the iliotibial tract.ResultsAll flaps survived completely and the wounds healed without complications in all patients.ConclusionsThe free ALT flap is an ideal flap for axillary reconstruction after extensive sarcoma resection. It can be tailored to the requirements of the individual's defect and provides durable coverage for the axillary neurovascular bundle and intrathoracic structures. Flap harvesting in the lateral decubitus position enables a two‐team approach. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 36:378–383, 2016.
Error estimation for the automated multi‐level substructuring method
Authors: Boo Seung‐Hwan , Kim Jin‐Gyun , Lee Phill‐Seung 
Published: November 2015

SummaryIn this study, we propose an effective method to estimate the reliability of finite element models reduced by the automated multi‐level substructuring (AMLS) method. The proposed error estimation method can accurately predict relative eigenvalue errors in reduced finite element models. A new, enhanced transformation matrix for the AMLS method is derived from the original transformation matrix by properly considering the contribution of residual substructural modes. The enhanced transformation matrix is an important prerequisite to develop the error estimation method. Adopting the basic concept of the error estimation method recently developed for the Craig–Bampton method, an error estimation method is developed for the AMLS method. Through various numerical examples, we demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed error estimation method and explore its computational efficiency. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of serial cell passaging in the retention of fiber type and mitochondrial content in primary human myotubes
Authors: Covington Jeffrey D. , Myland Cassandra K. , Rustan Arild C. , Ravussin Eric , Smith Steven R. , Bajpeyi Sudip 
Published: November 2015

ObjectiveThe purpose of the study was to determine the effects of passaging on retention of donor phenotypic characteristics in primary human myotubes.MethodsPrimary muscle cultures and serial passaged myotubes from physically active, sedentary lean, and individuals with type 2 diabetes were established. Maximal ATP synthesis capacity (ATPmax) and resting ATP flux (ATPase) in vivo were measured by 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy, type‐I fibers and intramyocelluar lipid (IMCL) in vastus lateralis tissue were determined using immunohistochemistry techniques, and oxidative phosphorylation complexes (OXPHOS) were measured by Western immunoblotting. Similar in vitro measures for lipid and type‐I fibers were made in myotubes, along with mitochondrial content measured by MitoTracker.ResultsPassage 4 and 5 measures for myotubes correlated positively with in vivo measurements for percent type‐I fibers (P4: R2 = 0.39, p = 0.02; P5: R2 = 0.48, p = 0.01), ATPmax (P4: R2 = 0.30, p = 0.03; P5: R2 = 0.22, p = 0.05), and OXPHOS (P4: R2 = 0.44, p = 0.04; P5: R2 = 0.59, p = 0.006). No correlations were observed for IMCL. However, passage 4 measures for myotubes correlated with passage 5 measures for percent type‐I fibers (R2 = 0.49, p = 0.01), IMCL (R2 = 0.80, p < 0.001), and mitochondrial content (R2 = 0.26, p = 0.03).ConclusionsMyotubes through the first two passages following immunopurification (referred to as passage 4 and 5) reflect the mitochondrial and type‐I fiber content in vivo phenotype of the donor.
Short‐term weight loss with diet and physical activity in young adults: The IDEA study
Authors: Jakicic John M. , King Wendy C. , Marcus Marsha D. , Davis Kelliann K. , Helsel Diane , Rickman Amy D. , Gibbs Bethany Barone , Rogers Renee J. , Wahed Abdus , Belle Steven H. 
Published: November 2015

ObjectiveThis study examined the effect of a behavioral weight loss intervention (BWLI) on young adults (age = 18‐35 years).MethodsParticipants (N = 470) enrolled in a 6‐month BWLI that included weekly group sessions, a prescribed energy‐restricted diet, and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Assessments included weight, body composition, fitness, lipids, glucose, insulin, resting blood pressure and heart rate, physical activity, and dietary intake. Data are presented as median [25th, 75th percentiles].ResultsRetention was 90% (N = 424; age: 30.9 [27.8, 33.7] years; BMI: 31.2 [28.4, 34.3] kg m−2). Participants completed 87.5% [76.1%, 95.5%] of scheduled intervention contacts. Weight and body fat decreased while fitness increased (P < 0.0001). MVPA in bouts ≥10 min increased (P < 0.0001), though total MVPA did not change significantly. Sedentary time decreased (P = 0.03). Energy and percent fat intake decreased, while percent carbohydrate and protein intake increased (P < 0.0001). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, and insulin decreased (P < 0.0001).ConclusionsA 6‐month BWLI produced favorable changes in dietary intake and physical activity and elicited favorable changes in weight and other health outcomes in young adults. MVPA performed in bouts of ≥10 min was associated with greater weight loss, but sedentary behavior was not.
Taiwanin C selectively inhibits arecoline and 4‐NQO‐induced oral cancer cell proliferation via ERK1/2 inactivation
Authors: Lin Kuan‐Ho , Shibu Marthandam Asokan , Kuo Yueh‐Hsiung , Chen Yueh‐Chiu , Hsu Hsi‐Hsien , Bau Da‐Tian , Chen Ming‐Cheng , Tu Chuan‐Chou , Viswanadha Vijaya Padma , Huang Chih‐Yang 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTArecoline, the most abundant alkaloid in betel nut is known to promote abnormal proliferation of epithelial cells by enhancing epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation and cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX2) expression. Taiwanin C, a naturally occurring lignan extracted from Taiwania cryptomerioides, has been found to be a potential inhibitor of COX2 expression. Based on the MTT assay results, taiwanin C was found to be effective in inhibiting the tumorous T28 cell than the non‐tumorous N28 cells. The modulations in the expression of relevant proteins were determined to understand the mechanism induced by taiwanin C to inhibit T28 cell proliferation. The levels of activated EGFR and COX2 were found to be abnormally high in the T28 oral cancer cells. However, taiwanin C was found to inhibit the activation of EGFR and regulated other related downstream proteins and thereby inhibited the T28 cell proliferation. In conclusion the results indicate that taiwanin C suppresses COX2‐EGFR and enhances P27 pathways to suppress arecoline induced oral cancer cell proliferation via ERK1/2 inactivation. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 62–69, 2017.
In search for symmetries in the metabolism of cancer
Authors: Gatto Francesco , Nielsen Jens 
Published: November 2015

Even though aerobic glycolysis, or the Warburg effect, is arguably the most common trait of metabolic reprogramming in cancer, it is unobserved in certain tumor types. Systems biology advocates a global view on metabolism to dissect which traits are consistently reprogrammed in cancer, and hence likely to constitute an obligate step for the evolution of cancer cells. We refer to such traits as symmetric. Here, we review early systems biology studies that attempted to reveal symmetric traits in the metabolic reprogramming of cancer, discuss the symmetry of reprogramming of nucleotide metabolism, and outline the current limitations that, if unlocked, could elucidate whether symmetries in cancer metabolism may be claimed. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2016, 8:23–35. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1321This article is categorized under:

Analytical and Computational Methods > Computational Methods
Biological Mechanisms > Metabolism
Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Organ, Tissue, and Physiological Models
Use of 3D Prototypes for Complex Surgical Oncologic Cases
Authors: Krauel Lucas , Fenollosa Felip , Riaza Lucía , Pérez Martín , Tarrado Xavier , Morales Andrés , Gomà Joan , Mora Jaume 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIntroductionPhysical 3D models known by the industry as rapid prototyping involve the creation of a physical model from a 3D computer version. In recent years, there has been an increasing number of reports on the use of 3D models in medicine. Printing such 3D models with different materials integrating the many components of human anatomy is technically challenging. In this article, we report our technological developments along with our clinical implementation experience using high‐fidelity 3D prototypes of tumors encasing major vessels in anatomically sensitive areas.MethodsThree patients with tumors encasing major vessels that implied complex surgery were selected for surgical planning using 3D prototypes. 3D virtual models were obtained from routine CT and MRI images. The models, with all their anatomical relations, were created by an expert pediatric radiologist and a surgeon, image by image, along with a computerized‐aided design engineer.ResultsSurgeons had the opportunity to practice on the model before the surgery. This allowed questions regarding surgical approach; feasibility and potential complications to be raised in advance of the actual procedure. All patients then successfully underwent surgery as planned.ConclusionHaving a tumor physically printed in its different main component parts with its anatomical relationships is technically feasible. Since a gross total resection is prognostic in a significant percentage of tumor types, refinements in planning may help achieve greater and safer resections therefore contributing to improve surgical management of complex tumors. In this early experience, 3D prototyping helped significantly in the many aspects of surgical oncology planning.
Degradation of phenolic compounds by the lignocellulose deconstructing thermoacidophilic bacterium Alicyclobacillus Acidocaldarius
Authors: Aston John E , Apel William A , Lee Brady D , Thompson David N , Lacey Jeffrey A , Newby Deborah T , Reed David W , Thompson Vicki S 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius, a thermoacidophilic bacterium, has a repertoire of thermo- and acid-stable enzymes that deconstruct lignocellulosic compounds. The work presented here describes the ability of A. acidocaldarius to reduce the concentration of the phenolic compounds: phenol, ferulic acid, ρ-coumaric acid and sinapinic acid during growth conditions. The extent and rate of the removal of these compounds were significantly increased by the presence of micro-molar copper concentrations, suggesting activity by copper oxidases that have been identified in the genome of A. acidocaldarius. Substrate removal kinetics was first order for phenol, ferulic acid, ρ-coumaric acid and sinapinic acid in the presence of 50 μM copper sulfate. In addition, laccase enzyme assays of cellular protein fractions suggested significant activity on a lignin analog between the temperatures of 45 and 90 °C. This work shows the potential for A. acidocaldarius to degrade phenolic compounds, demonstrating potential relevance to biofuel production and other industrial processes.