bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Standardized Cryopreservation of Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Cohen Rick I. , Thompson Maria L. , Schryver Brian , Ehrhardt Rolf O. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe successful exploitation of human cells for research, translational, therapeutic, and commercial purposes requires that effective and simple cryopreservation methods be applied for storage in local and master cell banks. Of all the cell types utilized in modern research, human embryonic stem cells and their more recent relatives, induced pluripotent stem cells, are two of the most sensitive to cryopreservation. It is frequently observed that the lack of quality control and proper processing techniques yield poor recovery of pluripotent stem cells. The procedures in this unit have been optimized for handling some of the most recalcitrant stem cell lines, and provide a method for controlled‐rate freezing, using minimal equipment that affords levels of cell viability comparable to expensive controlled‐rate freezers, and standardized cell thawing. The protocol provides a clinically relevant, inexpensive, reliable, and user‐friendly method that successfully prepares cells for long‐term cold storage and ensures maximum levels of cell viability post thaw. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
CRISPR‐Mediated Gene Targeting of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Byrne Susan M. , Church George M. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractCRISPR/Cas9 nuclease systems can create double‐stranded DNA breaks at specific sequences to efficiently and precisely disrupt, excise, mutate, insert, or replace genes. However, human embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are more difficult to transfect and less resilient to DNA damage than immortalized tumor cell lines. Here, an optimized protocol is described for genome engineering of human iPSCs using simple transient transfection of plasmids and/or single‐stranded oligonucleotides without any further selection or enrichment steps. This protocol achieves transfection efficiencies >60%, with gene disruption efficiencies of 1‐25% and gene insertion/replacement efficiencies of 0.5‐10%. Details are also provided for designing optimal sgRNA target sites and donor targeting vectors, cloning individual iPSCs by single‐cell FACS sorting, and genotyping successfully edited cells. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Tunable Cascade Reactions of Alkynols with Alkynes under Combined Sc(OTf)3 and Rhodium Catalysis
Authors: Li Deng Yuan , Chen Hao Jie , Liu Pei Nian 
Published: November 2015

AbstractTwo tunable cascade reactions of alkynols and alkynes have been developed by combining Sc(OTf)3 and rhodium catalysis. In the absence of H2O, an endo‐cycloisomerization/CH activation cascade reaction provided 2,3‐dihydronaphtho[1,2‐b]furans in good to high yields. In the presence of H2O, the product of alkynol hydration underwent an addition/CH activation cascade reaction with an alkyne, which led to the formation of 4,5‐dihydro‐3H‐spiro[furan‐2,1′‐isochromene] derivatives in good yields under mild reaction conditions. Mechanistic studies of the cascade reactions indicated that the rate‐determining step involves CH bond cleavage and that the hydration of the alkynol plays a key role in switching between the two reaction pathways.
Selective Alkenylation and Hydroalkenylation of Enol Phosphates through Direct CH Functionalization
Authors: Hu Xu‐Hong , Yang Xiao‐Fei , Loh Teck‐Peng 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAn efficient and selective Rh‐catalyzed direct CH functionalization reaction of enol phosphates was developed. The method is applicable to a variety of coupling partners, including activated alkenes, alkynes, and allenes, and leads to the formation of various valuable alkenylated and hydroalkenylated enol phosphates through the action of the phosphate directing group. The versatility and utility of the coupling products were demonstrated through further transformations into synthetically useful building blocks.
Synthesis of Cyclic Alkenyl Triflates by a Cationic Cyclization Reaction and its Application in Biomimetic Polycyclizations and Synthesis of Terpenes
Authors: Alonso Pedro , Pardo Pilar , Galván Alicia , Fañanás Francisco J. , Rodríguez Félix 
Published: November 2015

AbstractCyclic alkenyl triflates are useful intermediates in organic synthesis usually synthesized from ketones through a reaction involving enolization and trapping with a triflating agent. This sequence suffers from some stereochemical drawbacks owing to the basic conditions required. Herein, we describe a new acid‐mediated cationic cyclization reaction of enyne derivatives (or alkynols) to access cyclic alkenyl triflates. This new atom‐economical process is high yielding, scalable, technically very simple, proceeds without the need of any metallic reagent or catalyst, and more importantly, it complements and challenges conventional methodologies. We have also developed new biomimetic cationic cyclization reactions to yield interesting polycyclic compounds. As a demonstration of the potential of this method in the context of total synthesis, we have synthesized two terpenes: austrodoral and pallescensin A. Using the cationic cyclization in the key step of the synthetic routes allowed the synthesis of these natural products in a very simple, concise, scalable, and efficient way.
Fully Bayesian Field Slam Using Gaussian Markov Random Fields
Authors: Do Huan N. , Jadaliha Mahdi , Temel Mehmet , Choi Jongeun 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis paper presents a fully Bayesian way to solve the simultaneous localization and spatial prediction problem using a Gaussian Markov random field (GMRF) model. The objective is to simultaneously localize robotic sensors and predict a spatial field of interest using sequentially collected noisy observations by robotic sensors. The set of observations consists of the observed noisy positions of robotic sensing vehicles and noisy measurements of a spatial field. To be flexible, the spatial field of interest is modeled by a GMRF with uncertain hyperparameters. We derive an approximate Bayesian solution to the problem of computing the predictive inferences of the GMRF and the localization, taking into account observations, uncertain hyperparameters, measurement noise, kinematics of robotic sensors, and uncertain localization. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is illustrated by simulation results as well as by experiment results. The experiment results successfully show the flexibility and adaptability of our fully Bayesian approach in a data‐driven fashion.
Molecular Insights into the Thermal Stability of mAbs with Variable‐Temperature Ion‐Mobility Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Pacholarz Kamila J. , Peters Shirley J. , Garlish Rachel A. , Henry Alistair J. , Taylor Richard J. , Humphreys David P. , Barran Perdita E. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe aggregation of protein‐based therapeutics such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) can affect the efficacy of the treatment and can even induce effects that are adverse to the patient. Protein engineering is used to shift the mAb away from an aggregation‐prone state by increasing the thermodynamic stability of the native fold, which might in turn alter conformational flexibility. We have probed the thermal stability of three types of intact IgG molecules and two Fc‐hinge fragments by using variable‐temperature ion‐mobility mass spectrometry (VT‐IM‐MS). We observed changes in the conformations of isolated proteins as a function of temperature (300–550 K). The observed differences in thermal stability between IgG subclasses can be rationalized in terms of changes to higher‐order structural organization mitigated by the hinge region. VT‐IM‐MS provides insights into mAbs structural thermodynamics and is presented as a promising tool for thermal‐stability studies for proteins of therapeutic interest.
Next Generation Automotive DeNOx Catalysts: Ceria What Else?
Authors: Wang Yixiao , Posthuma de Boer Jorrit , Kapteijn Freek , Makkee Michiel 
Published: November 2015

AbstractTemporal analysis of products (TAP) was used to study NO reduction to N2 over H2 and C3H6‐reduced La‐Zr doped ceria at 560 °C. (La‐Zr doped) ceria is found to be capable of fuel oxidation and NO reduction. NO dissociates on oxygen anion defects, thereby refilling these vacancies with oxygen anions and forming N2. The carbonaceous deposits, in case the catalyst was reduced by C3H6, are oxidized by oxygen species originating from lattice oxygen. This recreates oxygen anion defects, which enables substantial additional NO reduction. These findings may open a new perspective on the understanding of DeNOx by hydrocarbons.
Effects of Sintered‐Metal Cone Length on Gas‐Cyclone Classification Performance
Authors: Fukasawa Tomonori , Sunada Satoshi , Shibata Daiki , Yoshida Hideto , Fukui Kunihiro 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe gas cyclone is a classic flow device commonly used in the separation of particles from a gaseous flow stream. The gas‐cyclone classification performance is affected by the length of the porous sintered‐metal cone. Three different lengths of porous sintered‐metal cones were tested to evaluate the classification performance of a gas cyclone. Clean air was fed into the cyclone through the cone. The cone's particle cut size depended on the amount of clean air injected into the cone. In medium and long cones, a very small amount of injected clean air reduced the particle cut size, whereas in short cones, the cut size remained approximately constant and was greater than that for the traditional acrylic resin cone. In all cases, clean‐air injection reduced the powder deposition to values lower than those for acrylic resin cones. The results provide application‐based guidelines for the design and usage of sintered‐metal cones.
Kinetic Study of Acetaldehyde Degradation Applying Visible Light Photocatalysis
Authors: Salvadores Federico , Minen Romina I. , Carballada Joaquin , Alfano Orlando M. , Ballari Maria M. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractA commercially available TiO2 type (Kronos vlp 7000), doped with carbon and having an extended spectrum of light absorption wavelength, is investigated for photocatalytic degradation of a representative air pollutant, namely acetaldehyde, under visible light. The modeling of the studied system was carried out including the proposal of kinetic expressions for the contaminant degradation and generation of main intermediates based on the reaction mechanism, the mass balances in the reactor, and the lamps' superficial emission model to evaluate the radiation distribution in the reaction space. The predicted and experimental outlet concentrations of acetaldehyde and formaldehyde as main intermediate were found to be in good agreement obtaining a root mean square error equal to 13 %.
Properties of Porous Carbon Derived from Cornstalk Core in High‐Performance Electrochemical Capacitors
Authors: Liu Cuixian , Han Gaoyi , Chang Yunzhen , Xiao Yaoming , Li Miaoyu , Zhou Wen , Fu Dongying , Hou Wenjing 
Published: November 2015

AbstractCornstalk core, a renewable by‐product of agriculture, has been used as a carbon precursor to prepare high‐performance electrode materials used in electrochemical capacitors (ECs). The influences of temperature and the ratio of activator (KOH) to carbon (mKOH/mC) on the structures of porous carbon materials (PCMs) derived from cornstalk core have been investigated systematically. The PCM obtained at optimal conditions (mKOH/mC=6, activated at 800 °C) exhibits a porous structure with a large specific surface area of 2139 m2 g−1 and total pore volume of 1.16 cm3 g−1. Acting as an electrode material, the optimum PCM exhibits excellent capacitive performance with a specific capacitance of 317.0 F g−1 at a scan rate of 1 mV s−1. More promising, a high power density of 28.3 kW kg−1 and energy density of 6.8 Wh kg−1 are achieved in 6 mol L−1 KOH aqueous electrolyte, as well as high‐rate capability and excellent cycling stability. The capacitor has a time constant of about 0.3 s, and could retain more than 93 % of its initial capacitance after 10 000 cyclic processes. This work proposes a potential biomass resource to produce effective porous carbons for high‐performance ECs.
Gas‐Phase Unimolecular Dissociation Reveals Dominant Base Property of Protonated Homocysteine Sulfinyl Radical Ions
Authors: Love‐Nkansah Chasity B. , Tan Lei , Francisco Joseph S. , Xia Yu 
Published: November 2015

AbstractHomocysteine sulfinyl radical (SO⋅Hcy) is a reactive intermediate involved during oxidative damage of DNA in the presence of high concentrations of homocysteine (Hcy). The short lifetime of SO⋅Hcy makes its preparation, isolation, and characterization challenging using traditional chemical measurement tools. Herein, we demonstrate the first study on mass‐selected protonated SO⋅Hcy ions in the gas phase by investigating its unimolecular dissociation pathways from low energy collision‐induced dissociation (CID). Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), stable‐isotope labeling, and theoretical calculations were employed to rationalize the observed fragmentation pathways. The dominant dissociation channel of protonated SO⋅Hcy was a charge‐directed H2O loss from the protonated sulfinyl radical (‐SO⋅) moiety, forming a thiyl radical (‐S⋅), which further triggered sequential radical‐directed ⋅SH loss through multiple pathways. Compared to cysteine sulfinyl radical (SO⋅Cys), the small structural change induced by one additional methylene group in the side chain of SO⋅Hcy significantly promotes its base property while reducing the radical reactivity of sulfinyl radical. This observation provides new insight into studying reactions of SO⋅Hcy with biomolecules, which are critical in understanding toxicity induced by high levels of Hcy in biological conditions.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Trisubstituted Alkenes through Sequential Iron‐Catalyzed Reductive anti‐Carbozincation of Terminal Alkynes and Base‐Metal‐Catalyzed Negishi Cross‐Coupling
Authors: Cheung Chi Wai , Hu Xile 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe stereoselective synthesis of trisubstituted alkenes is challenging. Here, we show that an iron‐catalyzed anti‐selective carbozincation of terminal alkynes can be combined with a base‐metal‐catalyzed cross‐coupling to prepare trisubstituted alkenes in a one‐pot reaction and with high regio‐ and stereocontrol. Cu‐, Ni‐, and Co‐based catalytic systems are developed for the coupling of sp‐, sp2‐, and sp3‐hybridized carbon electrophiles, respectively. The method encompasses a large substrate scope, as various alkynyl, aryl, alkenyl, acyl, and alkyl halides are suitable coupling partners. Compared with conventional carbometalation reactions of alkynes, the current method avoids pre‐made organometallic reagents and has a distinct stereoselectivity.
Rotationszerstäuber für große Tropfen mit enger Größenverteilung zur Anwendung in kleinen Sprühtrocknern
Authors: Mescher Axel , Walzel Peter 
Published: November 2015

AbstractEs wird ein miniaturisierter, laminar betriebener Rotationszerstäuber vorgestellt, der es erlaubt, mittlere Tropfengrößen im Bereich von 70 – 200 µm mit sehr engen Größenverteilungen, herzustellen. Aufgrund der neuartigen, besonders kompakten Gestaltung des Zerstäubers ist die Tropfengeschwindigkeit vergleichsweise gering und das Spray kann bereits mit recht geringem Gasstrom abgelenkt werden. Die Technologie kann in kleinen Sprühtrocknern ($ \emptyset $ 0,8 m) zur Herstellung von Mustermengen im Maßstab einiger kg h−1 und zur Durchführung von Machbarkeitsversuchen für die Verfahrensskalierung eingesetzt werden. Die Partikelgrößen sind dann mit denen aus vielfach größeren Produktionssprühtrocknern vergleichbar.
Outreach invitations for FIT and colonoscopy improve colorectal cancer screening rates: A randomized controlled trial in a safety‐net health system
Authors: Singal Amit G. , Gupta Samir , Tiro Jasmin A. , Skinner Celette Sugg , McCallister Katharine , Sanders Joanne M. , Bishop Wendy Pechero , Agrawal Deepak , Mayorga Christian A. , Ahn Chul , Loewen Adam C. , Santini Noel O. , Halm Ethan A. 
Published: November 2015

BACKGROUNDThe effectiveness of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening is limited by underuse, particularly among underserved populations. Among a racially diverse and socioeconomically disadvantaged cohort of patients, the authors compared the effectiveness of fecal immunochemical test (FIT) outreach and colonoscopy outreach to increase screening participation rates, compared with usual visit‐based care.METHODSPatients aged 50 to 64 years who were not up‐to‐date with CRC screening but used primary care services in a large safety‐net health system were randomly assigned to mailed FIT outreach (2400 patients), mailed colonoscopy outreach (2400 patients), or usual care with opportunistic visit‐based screening (1199 patients). Patients who did not respond to outreach invitations within 2 weeks received follow‐up telephone reminders. The primary outcome was CRC screening completion within 12 months after randomization.RESULTSBaseline patient characteristics across the 3 groups were similar. Using intention‐to‐screen analysis, screening participation rates were higher for FIT outreach (58.8%) and colonoscopy outreach (42.4%) than usual care (29.6%) (P <.001 for both). Screening participation with FIT outreach was higher than that for colonoscopy outreach (P <.001). Among responders, FIT outreach had a higher percentage of patients who responded before reminders (59.0% vs 29.7%; P <.001). Nearly one‐half of patients in the colonoscopy outreach group crossed over to complete FIT via usual care, whereas <5% of patients in the FIT outreach group underwent usual‐care colonoscopy.CONCLUSIONSMailed outreach invitations appear to significantly increase CRC screening rates among underserved populations. In the current study, FIT‐based outreach was found to be more effective than colonoscopy‐based outreach to increase 1‐time screening participation. Studies with longer follow‐up are needed to compare the effectiveness of outreach strategies for promoting completion of the entire screening process. Cancer 2016;122:456–463. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Manipulating the Monolayer: Responsive and Reversible Control of Colloidal Inorganic Nanoparticle Properties
Authors: Edwards William , Kay Euan R. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractFor a wide range of nanomaterials, surface‐bound molecules play a central role in defining properties, and are key to integration with other components—be they molecules, surfaces, or other nanoparticles. Predictable and general methods for manipulating the surface monolayer are therefore crucial to exploiting this new region of chemical space. This review highlights limitations of the few established methods for controlling nanoparticle‐bound molecular functionality, then focuses on emerging new strategies. In particular, approaches that can achieve stimuli‐responsive and reversible modification of surface‐bound molecules in colloidal solution are examined, with an emphasis on using these methods to control nanoparticle properties such as solvent compatibility, catalytic activity and cytotoxicity. Finally, the outstanding challenges and future potential for precisely controlled nanoparticle‐bound monolayers are discussed.
Electrodeposition in Ionic Liquids
Authors: Zhang Qinqin , Wang Qian , Zhang Suojiang , Lu Xingmei , Zhang Xiangping 
Published: November 2015

AbstractDue to their attractive physico‐chemical properties, ionic liquids (ILs) are increasingly used as deposition electrolytes. This review summarizes recent advances in electrodeposition in ILs and focuses on its similarities and differences with that in aqueous solutions. The electrodeposition in ILs is divided into direct and template‐assisted deposition. We detail the direct deposition of metals, alloys and semiconductors in five types of ILs, including halometallate ILs, air‐ and water‐stable ILs, deep eutectic solvents (DESs), ILs with metal‐containing cations, and protic ILs. Template‐assisted deposition of nanostructures and macroporous structures in ILs is also presented. The effects of modulating factors such as deposition conditions (current density, current density mode, deposition time, temperature) and electrolyte components (cation, anion, metal salts, additives, water content) on the morphology, compositions, microstructures and properties of the prepared materials are highlighted.
Copper Keplerates: High‐Symmetry Magnetic Molecules
Authors: Palacios Maria A. , Moreno Pineda Eufemio , Sanz Sergio , Inglis Ross , Pitak Mateusz B. , Coles Simon J. , Evangelisti Marco , Nojiri Hiroyuki , Heesing Christian , Brechin Euan K. , Schnack Jürgen , Winpenny Richard E. P. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractKeplerates are molecules that contain metal polyhedra that describe both Platonic and Archimedean solids; new copper keplerates are reported, with physical studies indicating that even where very high molecular symmetry is found, the low‐temperature physics does not necessarily reflect this symmetry.
Self‐Assembled Dendron–Cyclodextrin Nanotubes with a Polyethylenimine Surface and Their Gene Delivery Capability
Authors: Lee Jeonghun , Min Doohong , Oh Eun‐Taex , Yoon Haerry , Park Heon Joo , Kim Chulhee 
Published: November 2015

AbstractSelf‐assembled dendron–cyclodextrin nanotubes (Den‐CD‐NTs) with selected surface functionalities can serve as templates for the formation of complexes with polymers, and the resulting nanotube–polymer complexes can be utilized as gene carriers. The negatively charged surfaces of Den‐CD‐NTs were covered with a positively charged polyethylenimine (PEI) layer using electrostatic interactions, and the resulting nanotube–PEI complex, having a positively charged surface exhibited intracellular uptake. Furthermore, the nanotube–PEI complex exhibited the capability for DNA complexation with reduced enzymatic degradation, and also showed higher transfection efficiency and lower cytotoxicity than PEI. Therefore, Den‐CD‐NTs, in simple complexation with a surface PEI layer, are potentially useful gene delivery vectors.
Population structure of honey bees in the Carpathian Basin (Hungary) confirms introgression from surrounding subspecies
Authors: Péntek‐Zakar Erika , Oleksa Andrzej , Borowik Tomasz , Kusza Szilvia 
Published: November 2015

AbstractCarniolan honey bees (Apis mellifera carnica) are considered as an indigenous subspecies in Hungary adapted to most of the ecological and climatic conditions in this area. However, during the last decades Hungarian beekeepers have recognized morphological signs of the Italian honey bee (Apis mellifera ligustica). As the natural distribution of the honey bee subspecies can be affected by the importation of honey bee queens or by natural gene flow, we aimed at determining the genetic structure and characteristics of the local honey bee population using molecular markers. All together, 48 Hungarian and 84 foreign (Italian, Polish, Spanish, Liberian) pupae and/or workers were used for mitochondrial DNA analysis. Additionally, 53 sequences corresponding to 10 subspecies and the Buckfast hybrid were downloaded from GenBank. For the nuclear analysis, 236 Hungarian and 106 foreign honey bees were genotyped using nine microsatellites. Heterozygosity values, population‐specific alleles, FST values, principal coordinate analysis, assignment tests, structure analysis, and dendrograms were calculated. Haplotype and nucleotide diversity values showed moderate values. We found that one haplotype (H9) was dominant in Hungary. The presence of the black honey bee (Apis mellifera mellifera) was negligible, but a few individuals resembling other subspecies were identified. We proved that the Hungarian honey bee population is nearly homogeneous but also demonstrated introgression from the foreign subspecies. Both mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite analyses corroborated the observations of the beekeepers. Molecular analyses suggested that Carniolan honey bee in Hungary is slightly affected by Italian and black honey bee introgression. Genetic differences were detected between Polish and Hungarian Carniolan honey bee populations, suggesting the existence of at least two different gene pools within A. m. carnica.