bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial Concentration in the Irish Pharmaceutical Industry: The Role of Spatial Planning and Agglomeration Economies
Authors: van Egeraat Chris , Curran Declan 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis paper explores the idea that spatial planning‐triggered satellite industrial platform‐type concentrations may, over time, automatically gain the capacity to generate substantial agglomeration economies and ultimately transform into entities capable of stimulating self‐perpetuating growth. Applying the lexicon of agglomeration theory, the idea is explored in the context of the spatial dynamics of the pharmaceutical industry in Ireland. Spatial concentration indices indicate a particularly high level of spatial concentration in one of the industry's sub‐sectors, namely, drug substance production. Based on interview data and secondary sources, a detailed investigation of the spatial dynamics of the Irish concentrations suggests that, while some agglomeration advantages have emerged, they remain relatively limited and have played only a minor role in shaping local industrial concentration. They are mainly of the urbanisation type, relating particularly to the pooled market for workers. The evidence serves to show that the kind of spatial planning‐triggered satellite industrial platforms in late‐developing economies do not automatically start generating substantial agglomeration economies and crucial technological spillovers, not even after, as in the case of the Cork pharmaceuticals concentration, nearly 40 years of existence.
Calcitriol, calcidiol, parathyroid hormone, and fibroblast growth factor‐23 interactions in chronic kidney disease
Authors: de Brito Galvao Joao F. , Nagode Larry A. , Schenck Patricia A. , Chew Dennis J. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo review the inter‐relationships between calcium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone (PTH), parent and activated vitaminDmetabolites (vitaminD, 25(OH)‐vitaminD, 1,25(OH)2‐vitaminD, 24,25(OH)2‐vitamin D), and fibroblast growth factor‐23 (FGF‐23) during chronic kidney disease (CKD) in dogs and cats.Data SourcesHuman and veterinary literature.Human Data SynthesisBeneficial effects of calcitriol treatment duringCKDhave traditionally been attributed to regulation ofPTHbut new perspectives emphasize direct renoprotective actions independent ofPTHand calcium. It is now apparent that calcitriol exerts an important effect on renal tubular reclamation of filtered 25(OH)‐vitaminD, which may be important in maintaining adequate circulating 25(OH)‐vitaminD. This in turn may be vital for important pleiotropic actions in peripheral tissues through autocrine/paracrine mechanisms that impact the health of those local tissues.Veterinary Data SynthesisLimited information is available reporting the benefit of calcitriol treatment in dogs and cats withCKD.ConclusionsA survival benefit has been shown for dogs withCKDtreated with calcitriol compared to placebo. The concentrations of circulating 25(OH)‐vitaminDhave recently been shown to be low in people and dogs withCKDand are related to survival in people withCKD. Combination therapy for people withCKDusing both parental and activated vitaminDcompounds is common in human nephrology and there is a developing emphasis using combination treatment with activated vitaminDand renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone‐system (RAAS) inhibitors.
Predictability and Dynamics of a Nonintensifying Tropical Storm: Erika (2009)
Authors: Munsell Erin B. , Zhang Fuqing , Stern Daniel P. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
In this study, the predictability of Tropical Storm Erika (2009) is evaluated by analyzing a 60-member convection-permitting ensemble initialized with perturbations from a real-time ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) system. Erika was forecast to intensify into a hurricane by most operational numerical models, but in reality it never exceeded 50 kt (1 kt = 0.51 m s−1). There is a fairly large spread in the final intensities of the 60 ensemble members indicating large uncertainty in the deterministic prediction of Erika's intensity at 36–48-h lead times. An investigation into which factors prevented intensification of the weaker ensemble members provides insight that may aid in the forecasting of the intensity of future tropical cyclones under similar conditions.
A variety of environmental and storm-related factors are examined, and the parameters that have the greatest relation to future intensity are determined based on ensemble sensitivity and correlation analysis. It appears that midlevel relative humidity, absolute vorticity, and the distribution of convection relative to the storm center all play a role in determining whether a given ensemble member intensifies or not. In addition, although differences in deep-layer shear among ensemble members are difficult to discern, many of the ensemble members that do not intensify fail to do so because of apparent dry air intrusions that wrap around the centers of the storms, particularly in the 700–500-hPa layer. In the presence of moderate shear, this dry air is able to penetrate the cores of the cyclones, thereby preventing further development.
Response of the Midlatitude Jets, and of Their Variability, to Increased Greenhouse Gases in the CMIP5 Models
Authors: Barnes Elizabeth A. , Polvani Lorenzo 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
This work documents how the midlatitude, eddy-driven jets respond to climate change using model output from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). The authors consider separately the North Atlantic, the North Pacific, and the Southern Hemisphere jets. The analysis is not limited to annual-mean changes in the latitude and speed of the jets, but also explores how the variability of each jet changes with increased greenhouse gases.
All jets are found to migrate poleward with climate change: the Southern Hemisphere jet shifts poleward by 2° of latitude between the historical period and the end of the twenty-first century in the representative concentration pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5) scenario, whereas both Northern Hemisphere jets shift by only 1°. In addition, the speed of the Southern Hemisphere jet is found to increase markedly (by 1.2 m s−1 between 850 and 700 hPa), while the speed remains nearly constant for both jets in the Northern Hemisphere.
More importantly, it is found that the patterns of jet variability are a strong function of the jet position in all three sectors of the globe, and as the jets shift poleward the patterns of variability change. Specifically, for the Southern Hemisphere and the North Atlantic jets, the variability becomes less of a north–south wobbling and more of a pulsing (i.e., variation in jet speed). In contrast, for the North Pacific jet, the variability becomes less of a pulsing and more of a north–south wobbling. These different responses can be understood in terms of Rossby wave breaking, allowing the authors to explain most of the projected jet changes within a single dynamical framework.
Nanoscale liposomal formulation of a SYK P-site inhibitor against B-precursor leukemia
Authors: Uckun Fatih M. , Qazi Sanjive , Cely Ingrid , Sahin Kazim , Shahidzadeh Anoush , Ozercan Ibrahim , Yin Qian , Gaynon Paul , Termuhlen Amanda , Cheng Jianjun , Yiv Seang 
Published: April 2013

Key Points
SYK is a suitable molecular target for nanotechnology-enabled therapy against ALL. Nanoscale liposomal formulation of SYK inhibitor C61 displayed a promising preclinical profile as an antileukemic drug candidate.
Expression of SHH signaling molecules in the developing human primary dentition
Authors: Hu Xuefeng , Zhang Shuo , Chen Guimiao , Lin Chensheng , Huang Zhen , Chen YiPing , Zhang Yanding 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

Background
Our current knowledge on tooth development derives primarily from studies in mice. Very little is known about gene expression and function during human odontogenesis. Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) signaling has been demonstrated to play crucial roles in the development of multiple organs in mice, including the tooth. However, if SHH signaling molecules are expressed and function in the developing human embryonic tooth remain unknown.

Results
We conducted microarray assay to reveal the expression profile of SHH signaling pathway molecules. We then used in situ hybridization to validate and reveal spatial and temporal expression patterns of a number of selected molecules, including SHH, PTC1, SMO, GLI1, GLI2, and GLI3, in the developing human embryonic tooth germs, and compared them with that in mice. We found that all these genes exhibit similar but slightly distinct expression patterns in the human and mouse tooth germ at the cap and bell stages.

Conclusions
Our results demonstrate the operation of active SHH signaling in the developing human tooth and suggest a conserved function of SHH signaling pathway during human odontogenesis.
A carrier-assisted ChIP-seq method for estrogen receptor-chromatin interactions from breast cancer core needle biopsy samples
Authors: Zwart Wilbert , Koornstra Rutger , Wesseling Jelle , Rutgers Emiel , Linn Sabine , Carroll Jason S 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

Background
The Estrogen Receptor alpha (ERα) is the key transcriptional regulator in luminal breast cancer and is therefore the main target for adjuvant treatment of this subtype. Luminal gene signatures are dictated by the transcriptional capacities of ERα, which are a direct consequence of the receptors binding preference at specific sites on the chromatin. The identification of ERα binding signatures on a genome-wide level has greatly enhanced our understanding of Estrogen Receptor biology in cell lines and tumours, but the technique has its limitations with respect to its applicability in limited amounts of tumour tissue.

Results
Here, we present a refinement of the ChIP-seq procedures to enable transcription factor mapping on limited amounts of tissue culture cells as well as from a limited amount of tumor tissue derived from core needle biopsies. Our approach uses a carrier that can be removed prior to DNA amplification and sequencing.

Conclusion
We illustrate the applicability of this refined technology by mapping the ERα genome-wide chromatin binding landscape in core needle biopsy material from primary breast tumours. With this, our refined technology permits for a high-resolution transcription factor mapping even from clinical samples.
Physical exercise improves functional recovery through mitigation of autophagy, attenuation of apoptosis and enhancement of neurogenesis after MCAO in rats
Authors: Zhang Liying , Hu Xiquan , Luo Jing , Li Lili , Chen Xingyong , Huang Ruxun , Pei Zhong 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundPhysical exercise improves functional recovery after stroke through a complex mechanism that is not fully understood. Transient focal cerebral ischemia induces autophagy, apoptosis and neurogenesis in the peri-infarct region. This study is aimed to examine the effects of physical exercise on autophagy, apoptosis and neurogenesis in the peri-infarct region in a rat model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO).ResultsWe found that autophagosomes, as labeled by microtubule-associated protein 1A light chain 3-II (LC3-II), were evident in the peri-infarct region at 3 days after 90-minute MCAO. Moreover, 44.6% of LC3-positive cells were also stained with TUNEL. The number of LC3 positive cells was significantly lower in physical exercise group than in control group at 14 and 21 days after MCAO. Suppression of autophagosomes by physical exercise was positively associated with improvement of neurological function. In addition, physical exercise significantly decreased the number of TUNEL-positive cells and increased the numbers of Ki67-positive, a proliferative marker, and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) positive cells at 7, 14, and 21 days after MCAO.ConclusionsThe present results demonstrate that physical exercise enhances neurological function possibly by reduction of autophagosome accumulation, attenuation of apoptosis and enhancement of neurogenesis in the peri-infarct region after transient MCAO in rats.
Genetic variations of the A13/A14 repeat located within the EGFR3′ untranslated region have no oncogenic effect in patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: Sarafan-Vasseur Nasrin , Sefrioui David , Tougeron David , Lamy Aude , Blanchard France , Le Pessot Florence , Di Fiore Frédéric , Michel Pierre , Bézieau Stéphane , Latouche Jean-Baptiste , Frebourg Thierry , Sesboüé Richard 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

Background
The EGFR 3′ untranslated region (UTR) harbors a polyadenine repeat which is polymorphic (A13/A14) and undergoes somatic deletions in microsatellite instability (MSI) colorectal cancer (CRC). These mutations could be oncogenic in colorectal tissue since they were shown to result into increased EGFR mRNA stability in CRC cell lines.

Methods
First, we determined in a case control study including 429 CRC patients corresponding to different groups selected or not on age of tumor onset and/or familial history and/or MSI, whether or not, the germline EGFR A13/A14 polymorphism constitutes a genetic risk factor for CRC; second, we investigated the frequency of somatic mutations of this repeat in 179 CRC and their impact on EGFR expression.

Results
No statistically significant difference in allelic frequencies of the EGFR polyA repeat polymorphism was observed between CRC patients and controls. Somatic mutations affecting the EGFR 3′UTR polyA tract were detected in 47/80 (58.8%) MSI CRC versus 0/99 microsatellite stable (MSS) tumors. Comparative analysis in 21 CRC samples of EGFR expression, between tumor and non malignant tissues, using two independent methods showed that somatic mutations of the EGFR polyA repeat did not result into an EGFR mRNA increase.

Conclusion
Germline and somatic genetic variations occurring within the EGFR 3′ UTR polyA tract have no impact on CRC genetic risk and EGFR expression, respectively. Genotyping of the EGFR polyA tract has no clinical utility to identify patients with a high risk for CRC or patients who could benefit from anti-EGFR antibodies.
Work ability assessment in a worker population: comparison and determinants of Work Ability Index and Work Ability score
Authors: El Fassi Mehdi , Bocquet Valery , Majery Nicole , Lair Marie Lise , Couffignal Sophie , Mairiaux Philippe 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

Background
Public authorities in European countries are paying increasing attention to the promotion of work ability throughout working life and the best method to monitor work ability in populations of workers is becoming a significant question. The present study aims to compare the assessment of work ability based on the use of the Work Ability Index (WAI), a 7-item questionnaire, with another one based on the use of WAI’s first item, which consists in the worker’s self-assessment of his/her current work ability level as opposed to his/her lifetime best, this single question being termed “Work Ability score” (WAS).

Methods
Using a database created by an occupational health service, the study intends to answer the following questions: could the assessment of work ability be based on a single-item measure and which are the variables significantly associated with self-reported work ability among those systematically recorded by the occupational physician during health examinations? A logistic regression model was used in order to estimate the probability of observing “poor” or “moderate” WAI levels depending on age, gender, body mass index, smoking status, position held, firm size and diseases reported by the worker in a population of workers aged 40 to 65 and examined between January 2006 and June 2010 (n=12389).

Results
The convergent validity between WAS and WAI was statistically significant (rs=0.63). In the multivariable model, age (p<0.001), reported diseases (OR=1.13, 95%CI [1.11-1.15]) and holding a position mostly characterized by physical activity (OR=1.67, 95%CI [1.49-1.87]) increased the probability of reporting moderate or poor work ability. A work position characterized by the predominance of mental activity (OR=0.71, 95%CI [0.61-0.84]) had a favourable impact on work ability. These relations were observed regardless of the work ability measurement tool used.

Conclusion
The convergent validity and the similarity in results between WAI and WAS observed in a large population of employed workers should thus foster the use of WAS for systematic screening of work ability. Ageing, overweight, decline in health status, holding a mostly physical job and working in a large-sized firm increase the risk of presenting moderate or poor work ability.
Community knowledge, attitude and practice about malaria in a low endemic setting of Shewa Robit Town, northeastern Ethiopia
Authors: Abate Andargie , Degarege Abraham , Erko Berhanu 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

Background
Since malaria is one of the foremost public health problems in Ethiopia, assessment of situation of the disease, and communities’ knowledge and perceptions about malaria is necesary to institute appropriate preventive and control measures. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess malaria prevalence and knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) about the disease among ShewaRobit Town community, northeastern Ethiopia.

Methods
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Shewa Robit Town from October to November 2011. A multi-stage random sampling technique was used to select the study participants. A total of 425 individuals were examined for malaria using thin and thick Giemsa stained blood film, and 284 of the participants were interviewed to assess their KAP about malaria. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess predictor factors for malaria prevalence.

Results
All respondents had ever heard of malaria. Most of the respondents (85.2%) attributed the cause of malaria to mosquito bite. However, some of the respondents (>20%) mentioned lack of personal hygiene, exposure to cold weather, hunger, chewing maize stalk, body contact with malaria patient and flies as the causes of malaria. Sleeping under mosquito nets, draining stagnant water and indoor residual spraying were the most frequently mentioned malaria preventive measures perceived and practiced by the respondents. Among 425 individuals examined for malaria, only 2.8% were positive for Plasmodium parasites. Living in houses made of wall without hole, sprayed with insecticide within the last 12 hours and located at a distance of greater than 500 meters from potential mosquito breeding sites as well as knowing and using of mosquito net were significant predictors of low malaria prevalence among the study participants.

Conclusions
A high level of knowledge about the cause, transmission and preventive methods of malaria was detected among the community in Shewa Robit Town. However, a considerable proportion had misconception about the cause and transmission of malaria suggesting the necessity of health education to raise the community’s awareness about the disease.
Fibroin and fibroin blended three-dimensional scaffolds for rat chondrocyte culture
Authors: Chomchalao Pratthana , Pongcharoen Sutatip , Sutheerawattananonda Manote , Tiyaboonchai Waree 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

Background
In our previous study, we successfully developed 3-D scaffolds prepared from silk fibroin (SF), silk fibroin/collagen (SF/C) and silk fibroin/gelatin (SF/G) using a freeze drying technique. The blended construct showed superior mechanical properties to silk fibroin construct. In addition, collagen and gelatin, contain RGD sequences that could facilitate cell attachment and proliferation. Therefore, in this study, the ability of silk fibroin and blended constructs to promote cell adhesion, proliferation and production of extracellular matrix (EMC) were compared.

Methods
Articular chondrocytes were isolated from rat and cultured on the prepared constructs. Then, the cell viability in SF, SF/C and SF/G scaffolds was determined by MTT assay. Cell morphology and distribution were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and histological analysis. Moreover, the secretion of extracellular matrix (ECM) by the chondrocytes in 3-D scaffolds was assessed by immunohistochemistry.

Results
Results from MTT assay indicated that the blended SF/C and SF/G scaffolds provided a more favorable environment for chondrocytes attachment and proliferation than that of SF scaffold. In addition, scanning electron micrographs and histological images illustrated higher cell density and distribution in the SF/C and SF/G scaffolds than that in the SF scaffold. Importantly, immunohistochemistry strongly confirmed a greater production of type II collagen and aggrecan, important markers of chondrocytic phenotype, in SF blended scaffolds than that in the SF scaffold.

Conclusion
Addition of collagen and gelatin to SF solution not only improved the mechanical properties of the scaffolds but also provided an effective biomaterial constructs for chondrocyte growth and chondrocytic phenotype maintenance. Therefore, SF/C and SF/G showed a great potential as a desirable biomaterial for cartilage tissue engineering.
Basigin-2 is the predominant basigin isoform that promotes tumor cell migration and invasion and correlates with poor prognosis in epithelial ovarian cancer
Authors: Zhao Shu-Hua , Wang Yu , Wen Li , Zhai Zhen-Bo , Ai Zhen-Hua , Yao Nian-Ling , Wang Li , Liu Wen-Chao , Chen Bi-Liang , Li Yu , Yang Hong 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

Background
Basigin, which has four isoforms, has been demonstrated to be involved in progression of various human cancers. The aim of this study was to examine the prognostic value of basigin-2 protein expression in epithelial ovarian cancer. Furthermore, the function of basigin-2 in ovarian cancer was further investigated in cell culture models.

Methods
Immunohistochemistry staining was performed to investigate basigin-2 expression in a total of 146 ovarian tissue specimens. Kaplan Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards model were applied to assess the relationship between basigin-2 and progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Real-time PCR, RT-PCR and western blot were used to explore basigin-2, basigin-3 and basigin-4 expression in ovarian cancer cell lines and tissues. To evaluate possible contributions of basigin-2 to MMP secretion and cell migration and invasion, the overexpression vectors pcDNA3.1-basigin-2 and basigin-2 siRNA were transfected into HO-8910 and HO-8910 PM cells respectively.

Results
High basigin-2 expression was associated with lymph-vascular space involvement, lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis of epithelial ovarian cancer. Multivariate analyses indicated that basigin-2 positivity was an independent prognostic factor for PFS (P = 0.006) and OS (P = 0.019), respectively. Overexpression of basigin-2 increased the secretion of MMP-2/9 and cancer cell migration and invasion of HO-8910 cells, whereas knockdown of basigin-2 reduced active MMP-2/9 production, migration and invasion of HO-8910 PM cells.

Conclusions
The expression of basigin-2 might be an independent prognostic marker and basigin-2 inhibition would be a potential strategy for epithelial ovarian cancer patients, especially in inhibiting and preventing cancer cell invasion and metastasis.