bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wetting Effects in Hair Simulation
Authors: Rungjiratananon W. , Kanamori Y. , Nishita T. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThere is considerable recent progress in hair simulations, driven by the high demands in computer animated movies. However, capturing the complex interactions between hair and water is still relatively in its infancy. Such interactions are best modeled as those between water and an anisotropic permeable medium as water can flow into and out of the hair volume biased in hair fiber direction. Modeling the interaction is further challenged when the hair is allowed to move. In this paper, we introduce a simulation model that reproduces interactions between water and hair as a dynamic anisotropic permeable material. We utilize an Eulerian approach for capturing the microscopic porosity of hair and handle the wetting effects using a Cartesian bounding grid. A Lagrangian approach is used to simulate every single hair strand including interactions with each other, yielding fine‐detailed dynamic hair simulation. Our model and simulation generate many interesting effects of interactions between fine‐detailed dynamic hair and water, i.e., water absorption and diffusion, cohesion of wet hair strands, water flow within the hair volume, water dripping from the wet hair strands and morphological shape transformations of wet hair.
SD Models: Super‐Deformed Character Models
Authors: Shen Liang‐Tsen , Luo Sheng‐Jie , Huang Chun‐Kai , Chen Bing‐Yu 
Published: October 2012

AbstractSuper‐deformed, SD, is a specific artistic style for Japanese manga and anime which exaggerates characters in the goal of appearing cute and funny. The SD style characters are widely used, and can be seen in many anime, CG movies, or games. However, to create an SD model often requires professional skills and considerable time and effort. In this paper, we present a novel technique to generate an SD style counterpart of a normal 3D character model. Our approach uses an optimization guided by a number of constraints that can capture the properties of the SD style. Users can also customize the results by specifying a small set of parameters related to the body proportions and the emphasis of the signature characteristics. With our technique, even a novel user can generate visually pleasing SD models in seconds.
GPU Shape Grammars
Authors: Marvie Jean‐Eudes , Buron Cyprien , Gautron Pascal , Hirtzlin Patrice , Sourimant Gaël 
Published: October 2012

AbstractGPU Shape Grammars provide a solution for interactive procedural generation, tuning and visualization of massive environment elements for both video games and production rendering. Our technique generates detailed models without explicit geometry storage. To this end we reformulate the grammar expansion for generation of detailed models at the tesselation control and geometry shader stages. Using the geometry generation capabilities of modern graphics hardware, our technique generated massive, highly detailed models. GPU Shape Grammars integrate within a scalable framework by introducing automatic generation of levels of detail at reduced cost. We apply our solution for interactive generation and rendering of scenes containing thousands of buildings and trees.
Texture Compression using Wavelet Decomposition
Authors: Mavridis Pavlos , Papaioannou Georgios 
Published: October 2012

AbstractIn this paper we introduce a new fixed‐rate texture compression scheme based on the energy compaction properties of a modified Haar transform. The coefficients of this transform are quantized and stored using standard block compression methods, such as DXTC and BC7, ensuring simple implementation and very fast decoding speeds. Furthermore, coefficients with the highest contribution to the final image are quantized with higher accuracy, improving the overall compression quality. The proposed modifications to the standard Haar transform, along with a number of additional optimizations, improve the coefficient quantization and reduce the compression error. The resulting method offers more flexibility than the currently available texture compression formats, providing a variety of additional low bitrate encoding modes for the compression of grayscale and color textures.
Multi‐scale Assemblage for Procedural Texturing
Authors: Gilet G. , Dischler J‐M. , Ghazanfarpour D. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractA procedural pattern generation process, called multi‐scale “assemblage” is introduced. An assemblage is defined as a multi‐scale composition of “multi‐variate” statistical figures, that can be kernel functions for defining noise‐like texture basis functions, or that can be patterns for defining structured procedural textures. This paper presents two main contributions: 1) a new procedural random point distribution function, that, unlike point jittering, allow us to take into account some spatial dependencies among figures and 2) a “multi‐variate” approach that, instead of defining finite sets of constant figures, allows us to generate nearly infinite variations of figures on‐the‐fly. For both, we use a “statistical shape model”, which is a representation of shape variations. Thanks to a direct GPU implementation, assemblage textures can be used to generate new classes of procedural textures for real‐time rendering by preserving all characteristics of usual procedural textures, namely: infinity, definition independency (provided the figures are also definition independent) and extreme compactness.
RimabotulinumtoxinB vs. onabotulinumtoxinA for the treatment of forehead lines: an evaluator‐blind, randomized, pilot study
Authors: Lee D.H. , Kang S.M. , Feneran A. , Youn C.S. , Kim J.K. , Cho S. , Won C.H. , Chang S.E. , Lee M.W. , Choi J.H. , Moon K.C. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackground  Optimum dose ratios of rimabotulinumtoxinB (BTX‐B) and onabotulinumtoxinA (BTX‐A) have not been determined for forehead wrinkles.Objective  To compare the efficacy and safety of BTX‐B and BTX‐A for the treatment of forehead lines.Methods  Twenty‐two women (mean age, 40 years) with symmetrical moderate to severe forehead lines were randomized to receive single intramuscular injections of BTX‐A and BTX‐B on either side of the forehead, at a potency ratio of 1 : 70 or 1 : 100. Subjects were followed‐up for 16 weeks. Four physicians evaluated patients’ photographs according to the 4‐point Facial Wrinkling Grade (FWG). Clinical Improvement Scale (CIS) was calculated by subtracting FWG score at each visit from that at baseline. Patient satisfaction scores and adverse events were also recorded.Results  Both BTX‐A and BTX‐B were effective for the treatment of forehead lines. At both potency ratios, BTX‐A had a longer duration of action than BTX‐B, while BTX‐B led to faster improvement than BTX‐A. There was no significant difference in CIS between 700 U and 1000 U BTX‐B treatments. Adverse effects were mild and transient.Conclusion  Both BTX‐A and BTX‐B were effective and well tolerated for the treatment of forehead wrinkles at potency ratios of 1 : 70 and 1 : 100.
Depression and the risk of psoriasis in US women
Authors: Dominguez P.L. , Han J. , Li T. , Ascherio A. , Qureshi A.A. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackground  Depression is a common mental health condition that has been associated with psoriasis. In the absence of prospective data, it remains unclear whether depression precedes psoriasis as a risk factor.Objectives  To examine the association between depression and the risk of new‐onset psoriasis.Methods  A prospective cohort of 86 880 US female nurses, The Nurses’ Health Study II, was followed up from 1993 to 2005. Participants reported anti‐depressant use and completed the Mental Health Index (MHI), a subscale of the Short‐Form 36 in 1993. The MHI assessed for depression and scores was categorized into four strata: 0–52, 53–75, 76–85 and 86–100, with lower scores associated with increasing depressive symptoms. We excluded participants with a history of psoriasis prior to 1993. A self‐report of incident physician‐diagnosed psoriasis constituted the main outcome measure. For a sensitivity analysis, we had a subset of confirmed psoriasis cases.Results  Depression was associated with an increased risk of incident psoriasis. Compared to women in the non‐depressed group (MHI 86–100), women who reported either having high depressive symptomatology (MHI scores <52) or who were on anti‐depressants had a multivariate relative risk (RR) of 1.59 for developing subsequent psoriasis (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.21–2.08). These associations became stronger among confirmed psoriasis cases.Conclusions  We found that depression was independently associated with an increased risk of psoriasis in this population of US women.
Microenvironment‐dependent homeostasis and differentiation of epidermal basal undifferentiated keratinocytes and their clinical applications in skin repair
Authors: Nie J. , Fu X. , Han W. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractSkin homeostasis is maintained by controlling the balance between proliferation and differentiation of epidermal stem cells. The microenvironment, including extrinsic stresses, growth factors, soluble molecules, cell‐ECM and cell‐cell communications, plays an important role in cell fate determination in vivo and in vitro. In response to external signals, keratinocytes cooperate with other cell types to modulate and facilitate the wound microenvironment during wound healing; however, the aberrant signals or conjunctions in the environment will lead to pathologic abnormalities. In addition, despite some drawbacks, the epidermal stem‐cellbased bioengineered skin substitutes have greatly improved the quality of cutaneous repair. Thus, exploring the characteristics and regulation mechanisms of microenvironment‐dependent homeostasis and differentiation of epidermal basal undifferentiated keratinocytes is necessary to understand skin development and wound repair and to design novel therapeutic strategies for skin wound healing.
Determining Postmortem Interval Using Glycoproteinous Adhesion Deposits by Balanus improvisus on Human Skeletal and Dental Remains
Authors: Bytheway Joan A. , Pustilnik Stephen M. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAn anthropological analysis was conducted on skeletal and dental remains brought to the Galveston County Medical Examiner's office. The skeletal remains were dry, fragmented, and absent of typical fluvial characteristics. During microscopic examination, semitransparent, circular objects were discovered on the dentition, the mandible, tibial plateau, and distal femur. The objects were glycoproteinous adhesions deposited by the acorn barnacle, Balanus improvisus. B. improvisus is an intertidal barnacle found in estuaries in Galveston Bay. Basal diameter of the adhesions on the dentition were significantly smaller than those found on the postcranial bones (p = 0.010), indicating two consecutive cohorts adhered to the bone and dentition. As settlement typically occurs once a year, this would indicate that the remains were in the fluvial environment for at least 375–410 days. It is important in geographic areas that have prevalent fluvial environments that human remains, particularly dentition, are microscopically examined for marine life evidence.
Interactions between overstorey and understorey vegetation along an overstorey compositional gradient
Authors: Bartels Samuel F. , Chen Han Y.H. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractQuestionsWhat is the nature of the interactions between higher vegetation strata (overstorey) and lower strata (understorey vegetation) and among understorey vegetation layers in closed canopy forests? How does the abundance or richness of one vegetation layer affect the abundance or richness of the other?LocationBoreal mixed‐wood forests ofOntario andQuebec,Canada.MethodsWe sampled fire‐origin stands of varying overstorey composition from broad‐leaf‐dominated to mixed to conifer‐dominated stands on mesic sites inOntario and subhydric sites inQuebec. Overstorey tree species composition and understorey shrub, herb, bryophyte and lichen species cover and richness were estimated within 400‐m2circular plots. In addition, soil nutrients, coarse woody debris and light conditions were measured. Overstorey composition was expressed as the percentage basal area of broad‐leaf tree species. Path analysis was used to examine interactions among the forest layers.ResultsOverstorey broad‐leaf composition had positive effects on shrub and herb layer cover and herb layer richness, and negative effects on bryophyte and lichen species cover and richness. Shrub layer cover had no effect on herb layer cover, but shrub layer richness had a positive effect on herb layer richness. Herb layer cover and richness had negative effects on bryophyte species cover and richness. Bryophyte cover had no effect on lichen cover, but its richness was positively related to lichen richness. In both regions, soil pH, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and cation exchange capacity of the forest floor were positively correlated with overstorey broad‐leaf composition and with shrub layer cover and herb layer cover.ConclusionsIncreasing overstorey broad‐leaf composition, through its influence on soil nutrients, promotes shrub and herb layer species, but limits bryophyte and lichen species. In the overstorey‐controlled understorey resource environment, cover and richness of shrub and herb layers increase with resource availability, whereas bryophytes and lichens show positive associations with abundance of coarse woody debris.
Limits to State‐Led Nation‐Building? An Eritrean Village Responds Selectively to the Plans of the Eritrean Government
Authors: O'Kane David 
Published: October 2012

AbstractSince independence in the early 1990s, the east African state of Eritrea has been ruled by a self‐consciously nationalist and modernising authoritarian regime, which seeks to build an Eritrean national consciousness among the country's 3.5 million people via top‐down strategies of intervention in rural communities. These are not limited to the use of cultural interventions intended to revise people's identities. They also take the form of state‐led development strategies, including land nationalisation. In a village in highland Eritrea, the residents oppose some of the projects of the state while adopting parts of the national identity proffered to them by the state. The author argues that this case suggests a new way of thinking about the ways in which national identities and nation‐states are constructed – one that reconsiders the relationship between nationalism and resistance, and between nation‐building elites and communities in resistance.
Cost‐Effectiveness Evaluation of a Collaborative Patient Education Hypertension Intervention in Utah
Authors: Trogdon Justin G. , Larsen Barbara , Larsen David , Salas Wendy , Snell Matt 
Published: October 2012

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2012;14:760–766. ©2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.This study analyzed the cost‐effectiveness of a patient hypertension education intervention that provided patient education through interactive voice response technology and distribution of automated blood pressure monitors to high‐risk plan members with uncontrolled hypertension. A total of 17,318 members were identified with hypertension in an administrative database. The study sample consisted of all 534 high‐risk hypertensive plan members who received blood pressure monitors. Using data on activity‐based program costs and changes in hypertension control, this study modeled the intervention’s cost‐effectiveness relative to no intervention. The intervention was estimated to have brought hypertension under control in 151 patients during the study year. Across all 534 participants in 1 year, 0.3 events (acute myocardial infarction, stroke, congestive heart failure, and renal failure) were avoided and 2.77 life‐years were gained (LYG). The incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (ICER) for the intervention compared with no intervention was $767 per person brought under control or $41,927 per LYG. If the gains in hypertension control from 1 year’s investment were assumed to last 10 years, the 10‐year ICER relative to no intervention was $1857 per LYG. The intervention is a cost‐effective strategy to address hypertension and can serve as a model for future innovations.
Recurrent Hypertensive Cerebral Hemorrhages in a Boy Caused by a Reninoma: Rare Manifestations and Distinctive Electron Microscopy Findings
Authors: Mao Jiangfeng , Wang Zhixin , Wu Xingcheng , Dai Wei , Tong Anli 
Published: October 2012

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2012;14:802–805. ©2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Recurrent cerebral hemorrhages caused by hypertension secondary to reninoma are extremely rare in children. Because of its detrimental effects on children’s health, the importance of early diagnosis of and treatment for reninoma should be emphasized. Here, the authors present a 10‐year‐old boy with intermittent headaches and neurologic deficiency symptoms caused by hypertension. A reninoma in the right kidney was detected and successfully treated with laparoscopic partial nephrectomy. Two cell types were revealed in the tumor tissue under electron microscopy: renin secreting tumor cells and mast cells. This rare case expands our knowledge of hypertension in children and provides direct evidence that mast cells may infiltrate reninoma.
Characterization and analysis of migration patterns of dentospheres derived from periodontal tissue and the palate
Authors: Keeve P. L. , Dittmar T. , Gassmann G. , Grimm W. ‐D. , Niggemann B. , Friedmann A. 
Published: October 2012

Background and ObjectiveStem cells derived from periodontal and palatal tissues may be useful for regenerative therapies of periodontal tissues. In addition to the use of single periodontium‐derived stem cells (pdSCs) and palatal‐derived stem cells (paldSCs), the application of pdSC and paldSC dentospheres, providing a pool of vital stem cells, may be a useful approach.As cell migration is a prerequisite for stem cells to regenerate a three‐dimensional tissue environment, we characterized pdSCs and paldSCs and investigated the migratory activity of dentospheres within a three‐dimensional environment. We also investigated the capacity of the dentospheres to grow on zirconium dioxide surfaces.Material and MethodsThe capacity of pdSCs and paldSCs to differentiate into the neuronal and osteogenic lineages was proved by RT‐PCR and immunohistochemistry through the detection of specific lineage markers, such as alkaline phosphatase, glutamate decarboxylase 1 (also known as GAD67, the 67‐kDa isoform of glutamate decarboxylase), neurofilament‐M and β‐III‐tubulin. The expression profile of surface molecules on pdSCs and paldSCs was analyzed by flow cytometry. Adhesion and growth of pdSC/paldSC dentospheres on zirconium dioxide surfaces were determined using confocal laser‐scanning microscopy. The migratory behavior of the cells was analyzed using a three‐dimensional collagen matrix migration assay.ResultsBoth pdSCs and paldSCs were positive for epidermal growth factor receptor, CC chemokine receptor 2 and CXC chemokine receptor 4 expression and were able to grow on zirconium dioxide surfaces. Cell‐migration experiments revealed that both stem‐cell populations responded similarly to epidermal growth factor (EGF), monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP‐1) and stromal cell‐derived factor 1alpha (SDF‐1α). Stimulation with EGF resulted in an increased migratory activity of both stem‐cell types, whereas the locomotory behavior of the cells was impaired by both MCP‐1 and SDF‐1α.ConclusionDentospheres represent a pool of vital pdSCs/paldSCs. As a result of the migratory activity demonstrated, along with the capacity to grow on zirconium dioxide surfaces, dentospheres may be useful for regenerative purposes in periodontal tissues.
Transgenic rice with inducible ethylene production exhibits broad‐spectrum disease resistance to the fungal pathogens Magnaporthe oryzae and Rhizoctonia solani
Authors: Helliwell Emily E. , Wang Qin , Yang Yinong 
Published: October 2012

SummaryRice blast (Magnaporthe oryzae) and sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani) are the two most devastating diseases of rice (Oryza sativa), and have severe impacts on crop yield and grain quality. Recent evidence suggests that ethylene (ET) may play a more prominent role than salicylic acid and jasmonic acid in mediating rice disease resistance. In this study, we attempt to genetically manipulate endogenous ET levels in rice for enhancing resistance to rice blast and sheath blight diseases. Transgenic lines with inducible production of ET were generated by expressing the rice ACS2 (1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylic acid synthase, a key enzyme of ET biosynthesis) transgene under control of a strong pathogen‐inducible promoter. In comparison with the wild‐type plant, the OsACS2‐overexpression lines showed significantly increased levels of the OsACS2 transcripts, endogenous ET and defence gene expression, especially in response to pathogen infection. More importantly, the transgenic lines exhibited increased resistance to a field isolate of R. solani, as well as different races of M. oryzae. Assessment of the growth rate, generational time and seed production revealed little or no differences between wild type and transgenic lines. These results suggest that pathogen‐inducible production of ET in transgenic rice can enhance resistance to necrotrophic and hemibiotrophic fungal pathogens without negatively impacting crop productivity.
The use of exit detector sinograms to detect anatomical variations for patients extending beyond the TomoTherapy field of view: A feasibility study
Authors: Wooten H. Omar , Goddu S. Murty , Rodriguez Vivian , Cates Jeremy , Grigsby Perry , Low Daniel A. 
Published: October 2012

Purpose:This work describes an independent method to use the TomoTherapy Hi‐ART megavoltage CT imaging system for daily monitoring of anatomical changes of cancer patients whose anatomy extends beyond the imaging field of view.Methods:The imaging detector response to changes in attenuating media was measured using water‐equivalent plastic. Weight loss was simulated using an anthropomorphic phantom and determining the systemˈs ability to detect the weight loss. Layers of tissue‐equivalent bolus were added to an anthropomorphic pelvis phantom and CT simulations of the phantom were conducted, one in which the phantom and bolus were both within the TomoTherapy imaging field of view, and another in which the couch was raised so that the bolus was outside the field of view. Gynecological treatment plans were developed using the TomoTherapy treatment planning system, and successive fractions of the plan were then delivered to the phantom. Weight loss was simulated by removing a 0.5 cm layer of bolus following each fraction. The exit detector sinograms were obtained from each fraction, and ratios of sinograms were calculated relative to a reference sinogram for which all bolus was in place. Histograms of ratio sinograms were determined and used to correlate with simulated weight loss. Exit detector sinograms and ratio histograms were also retrospectively analyzed for five patients all of whose anatomies extended beyond the imaging field of view and all of whom experienced weight variations exceeding 10% during treatment.Results:Exit detector signal is well correlated to changes in attenuator thickness as demonstrated in both slab and anthropomorphic phantom geometries. Measured and expected signal increases agreed to within less than 2% for simulated weight loss on the anthropomorphic phantom. Exit detector signals for pelvic patients with significant weight loss variations were consistent with phantom measurements.Conclusions:The analysis of the ratio sinograms for the phantom measurements and real patients indicated that exit detector sinograms can be used to detect relative changes in patient anatomy for each fraction as a means ofin vivo quality assurance.