bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The prevalence and correlates of secondary traumatic stress among alcohol and other drug workers in Australia
Authors: Ewer Philippa L. , Teesson Maree , Sannibale Claudia , Roche Ann , Mills Katherine L. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIntroduction and AimsThe high prevalence of trauma exposure and post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among clients of alcohol and other drug (AOD) services is well documented. Less is known, however, about the impact this has on workers who assess and treat such clients. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence and correlates of secondary traumatic stress (STS) among AOD workers in Australia.Design and MethodsAn anonymous web‐based survey was undertaken and completed by 412 Australian AOD workers. The questionnaire assessed current levels of trauma training, extent of exposure to clients with a history of trauma history, AOD workers' own history of trauma exposure and PTSD, and current STS. Analyses compared individuals who currently met criteria for experiencing STS with those who did not.ResultsDespite the high volume of traumatised clients accessing AOD services, less than two‐thirds of AOD workers reported having ever received trauma training. The prevalence rate of STS was 19.9% and was independently predicted by a higher traumatised client workload, fewer hours of clinical supervision, and stress and anxiety levels of the worker.Discussion and ConclusionsThe findings highlight the importance of providing adequate trauma training and clinical supervision to AOD workers in order to maintain their health and welfare and ensure optimal treatment to clients with PTSD. [Ewer PL, Teesson M, Sannibale C, Roche A, Mills KL. The prevalence and correlates of secondary traumatic stress among alcohol and other drug workers in Australia. Drug Alcohol Rev 2014]
Genetic structure of brown trout,Salmo trutta, populations from differently sized tributaries of Lake Mjøsa in south‐east Norway
Authors: Linløkken A. N. , Johansen W. , Wilson R. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis study was based on genotyping eight microsatellite loci of 463 brown trout,Salmo truttaL., sampled in nine differently sized tributaries in three areas on the eastern shore of Lake Mjøsa, south‐eastern Norway. The populations were genetically structured, and Mantel's test showed that genetic distance correlated positively with geographical distance. Temporal differentiationFSTover a 2‐year period was estimated in five streams and was non‐significant after Bonferroni correction. Effective population sizeNewas positively correlated with the habitat length available from the lake (0.3–22 km) and negatively with the number of full sib pairs in the sample. There was no correlation betweenNeand genetic diversity, and private alleles were recorded in three medium‐sized streams, but not in the largest two. The importance of small spawning and nursery streams for the maintenance of genetic diversity of brown trout was demonstrated.
Does patient education increase antimuscarinic treatment persistence in overactive bladder syndrome?
Authors: Yildiz Tulin , Yazici Cenk M , Dogan Cagri , Cetintas Muzeyyen , Malak Arzu 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTOveractive bladder syndrome (OAB) is a chronic condition that requires long‐term management. Patient education may have role in decreasing the unfavourable effects of long‐term treatment of OAB. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of detailed patient education on the patients' persistence with antimuscarinic treatment for OAB. A total of 140 patients with the diagnosis of OAB were included in this study. Patients were randomly divided into two groups. Patients in Group 1 were given information by the same urology doctor about the disease and treatment. Patients in Group 2 were given information by a urology nurse. Patients were recalled in the first, third and sixth months of treatment. The treatment persistency was evaluated in the whole study population and between the groups. The persistency rates of the whole group were 88·6% in the first month, 65·7% in the third month and 45·7% in the sixth month. At the end of the sixth month, 42·8% of males and 47·1% of females were taking antimuscarinics (p = 0·580). The persistence rate of Groups 1 and 2 were 82·8 and 94·3% at the first month. (p = 0·034). It decreased to 31·4% in the first and 60% in the second group at the sixth month (p = 0·001). The persistence rate of antimuscarinic treatment is low. Patient education is simple and effective way of increasing persistence. Clinicians must pay attention to inform their patients about the disease and possible side effects of treatment. An educated health provider may be very helpful in educating patients for OAB.
ICTs and labour productivity growth in sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: WAMBOYE Evelyn , ADEKOLA Abel , SERGI Bruno 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis article investigates the effect of various information and communication technologies (ICTs) on labour productivity growth, using a sample of 43 sub‐Saharan African countries. The authors’ findings show significant increasing returns for labour productivity growth from fixed‐telephone and mobile‐cellular penetration, confirming the presence of network effects. Specifically, doubling the current proliferation rate of fixed and mobile‐cellular telephones increases labour productivity growth by approximately 0. 12–0.15 per cent, and 0.05 per cent, respectively. Furthermore, the results point to financial inclusion as one of the possible channels through which mobile‐cellular subscriptions affect labour productivity growth in sub‐Saharan Africa.
Agri‐Food Export Competitiveness in European Union Countries
Authors: Bojnec Štefan , Fertő Imre 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis article investigates the competitiveness of agri‐food exports of the European Union (EU‐27) countries on global markets, using the revealed comparative advantage (B) index over the years 2000–11. Panel unit root tests, mobility index and the Kaplan‐Meier survival rates of the B index are used. The majority of agri‐food products in the EU‐27 countries show a comparative disadvantage on global markets. The B indices of the EU‐27 countries tend to convergence. Most of the old EU‐15 Member States experienced a greater number of agri‐food products having a longer duration of revealed comparative advantages than have most of the new EU‐12 Member States. Among the most successful Member States in agri‐food export competitiveness on global markets are the Netherlands, France and Spain.
Wishard Volunteer Advocates Program: An Intervention for At‐Risk, Incapacitated, Unbefriended Adults
Authors: Bandy Robin , Sachs Greg A. , Montz Kianna , Inger Lev , Bandy Robert W. , Torke Alexia M. 
Published: October 2014

Unbefriended, incapacitated individuals who lack surrogates to make medical decisions present a complex problem to the healthcare providers who treat them. Adults without surrogates are among the most vulnerable in the community and are often alone and estranged from family, neglected and abused, and at risk of receiving inappropriate medical treatment. This article describes the program model and outcomes for the first 2 years of the Wishard Volunteer Advocates Program (WVAP), a guardianship program using trained, supervised volunteers as surrogates for unbefriended, incapacitated individuals. Of the 50 individuals enrolled during the study period, 20 were female, and 39 were Caucasian and 11 African American. Their average age was 67. Nineteen were insured with Medicare as primary and Medicaid as supplementary insurance. Ninety‐eight percent had four or more comorbid conditions at the time of the index hospitalization. Before program referral, many lived alone in unsafe conditions. Adult Protective Services was involved in almost half of the cases at the time of the index hospitalization. Approximately half of the participants required some type of property management. Healthcare usage data demonstrated that most were not receiving medical care before WVAP enrollment; the data indicated a decrease in emergency department visits and hospitalization after WVAP enrollment. The WVAP completed Medicaid applications for 12 participants, resulting in $297,481.62 in reimbursement for the index hospitalization and a payer source for subsequent hospitalization and long‐term care. The volunteer advocate model provides an efficient and quality mechanism for providing unbefriended individuals with surrogates.
From Gratitude to Lamentation: On the Moral and Psychological Economy of Gift, Gain and Loss
Authors: Carr David 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe passing of Nelson Mandela and other figures of (diverse) contemporary importance may prompt the interesting question of how we might or should understand the psychological, social and moral function of lamentation in human life. This paper aims to show that such responses are not just of emotional and interpersonal significance, but also of serious moral import. To this end, the paper proceeds via exploration of conceptually and morally suggestive correspondences or resonances between the logical grammar of lamentation—which, to be sure, has received almost no latter day analytical attention—and that of gratitude or thankfulness in which there has been an enormous explosion of academic interest in recent years. The paper argues that there is no less case for a moral virtue of lamentation, than for a virtue of gratitude.
Parasite load and MHC diversity in undisturbed and agriculturally modified habitats of the ornate dragon lizard
Authors: Radwan Jacek , Kuduk Katarzyna , Levy Esther , LeBas Natasha , Babik Wiesław 
Published: October 2014

AbstractMajor histocompatibility complex (MHC) gene polymorphism is thought to be driven by host–parasite co‐evolution, but the evidence for an association between the selective pressure from parasites and the number of MHC alleles segregating in a population is scarce and inconsistent. Here, we characterized MHC class I polymorphism in a lizard whose habitat preferences (rock outcrops) lead to the formation of well‐defined and stable populations. We investigated the association between the load of ticks, which were used as a proxy for the load of pathogens they transmit, and MHC class I polymorphism across populations in two types of habitat: undisturbed reserves and agricultural land. We hypothesized that the association would be positive across undisturbed reserve populations, but across fragmented agricultural land populations, the relationship would be distorted by the loss of MHC variation due to drift. After controlling for habitat, MHC diversity was not associated with tick number, and the habitats did not differ in this respect. Neither did we detect a difference between habitats in the relationship between MHC and neutral diversity, which was positive across all populations. However, there was extensive variation in the number of MHC alleles per individual, and we found that tick number was positively associated with the average number of alleles carried by lizards across reserve populations, but not across populations from disturbed agricultural land. Our results thus indicate that local differences in selection from parasites may contribute to MHC copy number variation within species, but habitat degradation can distort this relationship.
The oldest higher true crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura): insights from the Early Cretaceous of the Americas
Authors: Luque Javier 
Published: October 2014

AbstractDespite the extensive fossil record of higher crabs (Eubrachyura) from Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic rocks worldwide, their Early Cretaceous occurrences are scarce and fragmentary, obscuring our understanding of their early evolution. Until now, representatives of only two families of eubrachyuran‐like crabs were known from the Early Cretaceous: Componocancridae and Tepexicarcinidae fam. nov., both monospecific lineages from the Albian (~110–100 Ma) of North and Central America, respectively. The discovery of Telamonocarcinus antiquus sp. nov. (Telamonocarcinidae) from the early Albian of Colombia, South America (~110 Ma), increases to three the number of known Early Cretaceous eubrachyuran‐like families. The ages and geographical distributions of the oldest eubrachyuran‐like taxa (i.e. Componocancridae, Telamonocarcinidae and Tepexicarcinidae fam. nov.) suggest that the oldest higher true crabs might have originated in the Americas; that they were already morphologically diverse by the late Early Cretaceous; and that their most recent common ancestor must be rooted in the Early Cretaceous, or even the Late Jurassic.
Intraspecific variation in susceptibility to dothistroma needle blight within native Scottish Pinus sylvestris
Authors: Fraser S. , Brown A. V. , Woodward S. 
Published: October 2014

Dothistroma needle blight (DNB), caused by Dothistroma septosporum, is the most important disease currently affecting pine plantations in Britain. Intraspecific variation in susceptibility to DNB has been observed in several pine species, but it is not clear if similar variation occurs in Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine), Britain's only native pine. In three separate experiments 2‐ and 3‐year‐old Scots pine saplings from six native Scottish populations were artificially inoculated with D. septosporum conidial suspensions and incubated under conditions optimal for disease development. Conidial suspensions were produced using a single isolate from northeast Scotland. In one experiment, plants were also treated with various spore suspension concentrations to assess the impact of inoculum load on disease severity. There were no significant interactions between host population, plant height, and experiment/inoculum load (anova, P > 0·05), but population, height and inoculum load all significantly affected disease severity (anova, P < 0·05). Among the 2‐year‐old trees, those from Amat were less susceptible than those from Glen Loyne and Glen Cannich (anova, P < 0·05). Among the 3‐year‐old trees, those from Beinn Eighe were less susceptible than those from Abernethy. Plant height and DNB susceptibility had a slightly negative relationship. The use of a spore suspension with a concentration of 1·6 × 106 spores mL−1 was optimum for disease development. In an in vitro experiment, production of conidia was greater when cultures were incubated in darkness. This paper is the first to report intraspecific variation in DNB susceptibility within Scots pine.
Pitfalls of National Routine Death Statistics for Maternal Mortality Study
Authors: Saucedo Monica , Bouvier‐Colle Marie‐Hélène , Chantry Anne A. , Lamarche‐Vadel Agathe , Rey Grégoire , Deneux‐Tharaux Catherine 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe lessons learned from the study of maternal deaths depend on the accuracy of data. Our objective was to assess time trends in the underestimation of maternal mortality (MM) in the national routine death statistics in France and to evaluate their current accuracy for the selection and causes of maternal deaths.MethodsNational data obtained by enhanced methods in 1989, 1999, and 2007–09 were used as the gold standard to assess time trends in the underestimation of MM ratios (MMRs) in death statistics. Enhanced data and death statistics for 2007–09 were further compared by characterising false negatives (FNs) and false positives (FPs). The distribution of cause‐specific MMRs, as assessed by each system, was described.ResultsUnderestimation of MM in death statistics decreased from 55.6% in 1989 to 11.4% in 2007–09 (P < 0.001). In 2007–09, of 787 pregnancy‐associated deaths, 254 were classified as maternal by the enhanced system and 211 by the death statistics; 34% of maternal deaths in the enhanced system were FNs in the death statistics, and 20% of maternal deaths in the death statistics were FPs. The hierarchy of causes of MM differed between the two systems. The discordances were mainly explained by the lack of precision in the drafting of death certificates by clinicians.ConclusionAlthough the underestimation of MM in routine death statistics has decreased substantially over time, one third of maternal deaths remain unidentified, and the main causes of death are incorrectly identified in these data. Defining relevant priorities in maternal health requires the use of enhanced methods for MM study.
Intravenous immunoglobulin–associated thrombosis: is it such a rare event? Report of a pediatric case and of the Quebec Hemovigilance System
Authors: Benadiba Joy , Robitaille Nancy , Lambert Gilles , Itaj Nawej Karl , Pastore Yves 
Published: October 2014

BackgroundIntravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is frequently given in autoimmune disorders. Side effects are usually mild but severe complications such as thrombosis may occur. After one patient with IVIG‐associated thrombotic complication at Sainte‐Justine Hospital, the incidence of serious adverse events (SAEs) reported to the Quebec Hemovigilance System (QHS) was reviewed.Study Design and MethodsThis study was a retrospective review of QHS database of IVIG‐related thrombotic complications since 2003, including a case report of a pediatric patient.ResultsQHS is one of the rare national hemovigilance systems that have included IVIG reports for almost a decade. Over an extended period of 11 years (2003‐2013), there have been eight cases of IVIG‐related thrombosis, seven in adults and one in the pediatric population (respective rate of 0.06 case and 0.17 case per 100,000 g of IVIG given). The single pediatric case occurred in a 16‐year‐old female receiving IVIG for severe immune thrombocytopenia.ConclusionThrombosis after IVIG is a rare though SAE occurring mostly in adults. This underlines the importance of properly reporting IVIG SAEs to improve hemovigilance data and study such rare events.
In silico identification and three‐dimensional modelling of the missense mutation in ADAMTS2 in a sheep flock with dermatosparaxis
Authors: Monteagudo Luis V. , Ferrer Luis M. , Catalan‐Insa Elena , Savva Demetris , McGuffin Liam J. , Tejedor Maria T. 
Published: October 2014

BackgroundDermatosparaxis (Ehlers–Danlos syndrome in humans) is characterized by extreme fragility of the skin. It is due to the lack of mature collagen caused by a failure in the enzymatic processing of procollagen I. We investigated the condition in a commercial sheep flock.Hypothesis/ObjectivesMutations in the ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 2 (ADAMTS2) locus, are involved in the development of dermatosparaxis in humans, cattle and the dorper sheep breed; consequently, this locus was investigated in the flock.AnimalsA single affected lamb, its dam, the dam of a second affected lamb and the rams in the flock were studied.MethodsDNA was purified from blood, PCR primers were used to detect parts of the ADAMS2 gene and nucleotide sequencing was performed using Sanger's procedure. Skin samples were examined using standard histology procedures.ResultsA missense mutation was identified in the catalytic domain of ADAMTS2. The mutation is predicted to cause the substitution in the mature ADAMTS2 of a valine molecule by a methionine molecule (V15M) affecting the catalytic domain of the enzyme. Both the ‘sorting intolerant from tolerant’ (SIFT) and the PolyPhen‐2 methodologies predicted a damaging effect for the mutation. Three‐dimensional modelling suggested that this mutation may alter the stability of the protein folding or distort the structure, causing the protein to malfunction.Conclusions and clinical importanceDetection of the mutation responsible for the pathology allowed us to remove the heterozygote ram, thus preventing additional cases in the flock.
Dorsal black skin necrosis in a Vietnamese pot‐bellied pig
Authors: Frank Linda A. , McCormick Karen A. , Donnell Robert L. , Kania Stephen A. 
Published: October 2014

BackgroundThermal burns are an uncommon cause of injury in large animals.Case reportA 10‐month‐old pet female black and white Vietnamese pot‐bellied pig presented to the emergency service with fever and erythematous to purpuric skin lesions affecting the intermandibular space and hocks. One week prior to the emergency visit, she had appeared restless and in pain. Two weeks following the emergency visit, she again presented to the large animal clinic with sloughing of the pigmented skin on her head, face, dorsal and lateral trunk sparing the nonpigmented skin and pigmented ears. The affected skin constituted ~40% of her total skin. Histopathological findings for affected skin included full‐thickness epidermal and partial to full‐thickness dermal coagulative necrosis with follicular epithelial mineralization, while that from normal‐appearing pigmented skin was within normal limits. A culture from a skin biopsy yielded meticillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (ST‐72). Treatments included oral antibiotics, pain management, hyperbaric oxygen therapy and general anaesthesia to facilitate debridement. Healthy skin was often present when the necrotic skin was debrided, although in some areas the necrosis extended into the underlying fat. Complications that occurred during rehabilitation included intense pruritus that resulted in self‐trauma and the formation of a nasal fistula, which was later surgically corrected.Conclusions and clinical importanceCases of dorsal thermal necrosis in pot‐bellied pigs are uncommon in the literature. Based on the clinical presentation and lack of another identifying cause, the lesions were attributed to a sun‐induced thermal burn.
Comparing the Effects of Peroneal Muscle Fatigue and Cyclic Loading on Ankle Neuromuscular Control During Lateral-Hop Landing
Authors: Malmir Kazem , Olyaei Gholam Reza , Talebian Saeed , Jamshidi Ali Ashraf 
Published: October 2014

Context:Cyclic movements and muscle fatigue may result in musculoskeletal injuries by inducing changes in neuromuscular control. Ankle frontal-plane neuromuscular control has rarely been studied in spite of its importance.Objective:To compare the effects of peroneal muscle fatigue and a cyclic passive-inversion (CPI) protocol on ankle neuromuscular control during a lateral hop.Design:Quasi-experimental, repeated measures.Setting:University laboratory.Participants:22 recreationally active, healthy men with no history of ankle sprain or giving way.Interventions:Participants performed a lateral hop before and after 2 interventions on a Biodex dynamometer. They were randomly assigned to intervention order and interventions were 1 wk apart. A passive intervention included 40 CPIs at 5°/s through 80% of maximum range of motion, and a fatigue intervention involved an isometric eversion at 40% of the maximal voluntary isometric contraction until the torque decreased to 50% of its initial value.Main Outcome Measures:Median frequency of the peroneus longus during the fatigue protocol, energy absorption by the viscoelastic tissues during the CPI protocol, and feedforward onset and reaction time of the peroneus longus during landing.Results:A significant fall in median frequency (P < .05) and a significant decrease in energy absorption (P < .05) confirmed fatigue and a change in viscoelastic behavior, respectively. There was a significant main effect of condition on feedforward onset and reaction time (P < .05). No significant main effect of intervention or intervention × condition interaction was noted (P > .05). There was a significant difference between pre- and postintervention measures (P < .0125), but no significant difference was found between postintervention measures (P > .0125).Conclusions:Both fatigue and the CPI may similarly impair ankle neuromuscular control. Thus, in prolonged sports competitions and exercises, the ankle may be injured due to either fatigue or changes in the biomechanical properties of the viscoelastic tissues.