bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 4‐Amino‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydropyridine Derivatives by Intramolecular Nucleophilic Addition of Tertiary Enamides to in situ Generated Imines.
Authors: Tong Shuo , Yang Xu , Wang De‐Xian , Zhao Liang , Zhu Jieping , Wang Mei‐Xiang 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA new, general, and mild method for the synthesis of substituted aminotetrahydropyridines is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: An Asymmetric Organocatalytic Povarov Reaction with 2‐Hydroxystyrenes.
Authors: Shi Feng , Xing Gui‐Juan , Tao Zhong‐Lin , Luo Shi‐Wei , Tu Shu‐Jiang , Gong Liu‐Zhu 
Published: December 2012

AbstractTreatment of 2‐hydroxystyrenes with anilines and aldehydes in the presence of the chiral phosphoric acid (POS) allows an efficient and highly stereoselective access to cis‐substituted tetrahydroquinolines.
ChemInform Abstract: Construction of Nitrogen‐Fused Tetrahydroquinolines via a Domino Reaction.
Authors: Gigant Nicolas , Gillaizeau Isabelle 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA range of cyclic or acyclic enamides react with benzyl azides under acidic conditions to give tri‐, tetra‐, and pentacyclic fused tetrahydroquinoline derivatives bearing the two newly generated tertiary carbon centers with cis relationship.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient and Practical Synthesis of 6‐Chloro‐2‐(chloromethyl)‐thiazolo[5,4‐b]pyridine.
Authors: Ding Zi‐Chun , Ma Xiang , Zhou Weicheng 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA high‐yielding and practical synthesis of the title thiazolopyridine (VII), an advanced intermediate for the synthesis of the antibacterial agent PC190723, is given.
ChemInform Abstract: α‐Oxo‐γ‐Butyrolactam, N‐Containing Pronucleophile in Organocatalytic One‐Pot Assembly of Butyrolactam‐Fused Indoloquinolizidines.
Authors: Zhu Hai‐Liang , Ling Jun‐Bing , Xu Peng‐Fei 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA convenient and stereoselective method to prepare title indoloquinolizidines is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Polysubstituted 5‐Aminopyrimidine‐2(1H)‐thiones from Vinyl Azides and Thiourea.
Authors: Shao Zhanying , Pan Qinhai , Chen Jun , Yu Yongping , Zhang Guolin 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe title reaction proceeds under mild conditions and needs no additional additives.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Catalyzed Benzylic C—H Amidation with Benzyl Alcohols in Water: A Strategy to Construct Quinazolinones.
Authors: Hikawa Hidemasa , Ino Yukari , Suzuki Hideharu , Yokoyama Yuusaku 
Published: December 2012

AbstractPd‐catalyzed treatment of o‐aminobenzamides with benzyl alcohols provides a new method to prepare various quinazolinones.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of Morpholines via Copper‐Promoted Oxyamination of Alkenes.
Authors: Sequeira Fatima C. , Chemler Sherry R. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA variety of N‐allyl‐N‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)sulfonamides undergoes the title reaction in the presence of copper(II) alkanoate CEH to give aminomethyl‐functionalized morpholines in a highly diastereoselective manner.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Preparation of β‐Aryl‐β‐boronyl Enoates and Their Copper‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Conjugate Reduction.
Authors: Ding Jinyue , Lee Jack Chang Hung , Hall Dennis G. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe planar 1,8‐diaminonaphthalene moiety acts as a superior boron masking group over the bulky pinacol group.
ChemInform Abstract: General Route for the Preparation of Diverse 17‐Membered Macrocycles Based on RCM and Examination of the E/Z Selectivity.
Authors: Heckrodt Thilo J. , Singh Rajinder 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA synthetic entry into peptide‐type 17‐membered macrocycles using a sequence of amide coupling reactions followed by a RCM reaction is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Lycopalhine A, a Novel Sterically Congested Lycopodium Alkaloid with an Unprecedented Skeleton from Palhinhaea cernua.
Authors: Dong Liao‐Bin , Yang Jing , He Juan , Luo Huai‐Rong , Wu Xing‐De , Deng Xu , Peng Li‐Yan , Cheng Xiao , Zhao Qin‐Shi 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe structure and absolute configuration of title compound (I) is determined by spectroscopic and computational methods.
Synthesis and Bioactivities of Novel N‐(4‐(2‐Aryloxythiazol‐5‐yl)but‐3‐yn‐2‐yl)benzamides
Authors: Zhu Youquan , Liu Pei , Wang Danyang , Zhang Jin , Cheng Jie , Ma Yuan , Zou Xiaomao , Yang Huazheng 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA series of novel N‐(4‐(2‐aryloxythiazol‐5‐yl)but‐3‐yn‐2‐yl)benzamide derivatives were designed and synthesized. Their structures were identified by 1H NMR and elemental analyses. Preliminary bioassays indicated that some title compounds provided >80% control of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum at 50 µg/mL and >70% herbicidal activities against B. campestris at 100 µg/mL. Their structure‐activities relationships were also discussed.
Synthesis of Conjugated Aryleneethynylenesiloles Dendron
Authors: Liu Jie , Yan Chenxu , Li Shanshan , Wang Chengyun , Shen Yongjia 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThree routes were designed to synthesize a π‐conjugated aryleneethynylenesiloles dendron. With the desilylation of the disilole mono(silylethynyl) derivative in the presence of potassium carbonate (K2CO3), the silole‐containing oligomer has been successfully synthesized without impact on the Si‐(CH3)2 group. The disilole mono(silylethynyl) derivative was prepared by means of the Sonogashira heterocoupling reaction between the diacetylene compound and asymmetrical silole, catalyzed by the dichloro bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium, in a divergent synthesis. Due to their steric effect and triethynylbenzene self‐coupling Glaser reaction, the endeavour to prepare the dendron by controlling the molar ratio of asymmetrical silole and 1,3,5‐triethynylbenzene was failed. The another attempt to prepare the dendron by different desilylation condition of triisopropylsilyl group and trimethylsilyl group was also failed, the desilylation of Si‐(CH3)2 group in silacyclopentadiene unit was also easily accomplished in the presence of tetrabutylammonium fluoride(Bu4NF), whereas no reaction occurred when K2CO3 was used instead of Bu4NF.
Highly Substituted Cyclopentenes Formation via a Stereoselective Tandem CDC Reaction and Cyclization
Authors: Li Yi , Cao Li , Luo Xiaoyan , Deng Weiping 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA facile iron‐catalyzed C(sp3)‐C(sp2) bond formation through DDQ‐mediated cross‐dehydrogenative homo‐coupling of (E)‐1,2‐diarylprop‐1‐enes for the synthesis of highly aryl‐substituted cyclopentenes has been developed.
Copper Biosorption by Spent Coffee Ground: Equilibrium, Kinetics, and Mechanism
Authors: Dávila‐Guzmán Nancy Elizabeth , de Jesús Cerino‐Córdova Felipe , Soto‐Regalado Eduardo , Rangel‐Mendez Jose Rene , Díaz‐Flores Paola Elizabeth , Garza‐Gonzalez Maria Teresa , Loredo‐Medrano José Angel 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe potential use of spent coffee ground (SCG) for the removal of copper has been investigated as a low‐cost adsorbent for the biosorption of heavy metals. Adsorption batch experiments were conducted to determine isotherms and kinetics. The biosorption equilibrium data were found to fit well the Freundlich model and an experimental maximum biosorption capacity of copper ions 0.214 mmol/g was achieved. The biosorption kinetics of SCG was studied at different adsorbate concentrations (0.1–1.0 mM) and stirring speeds (100–400/min). The results showed an increase in the copper ion uptake with raising the initial metal concentration and the kinetic data followed the pseudo‐second order rate expression. The effect of stirring speed was a significant factor for the external mass transfer resistance at 100/min and coefficients were estimated by the Mathews and Weber model. Biosorption of copper ions onto SCG was observed to be related mainly with the release of calcium and hydrogen ions suggesting that biosorption performance by SCG can be attributed to ion‐exchange mechanism with calcium and hydrogen ions neutralizing the carboxyl and hydroxyl groups of the biomass.
H2S Emissions from a Submerged Pilot‐Scale Fixed Bed Biofilm Reactor
Authors: Esteban‐García Ana Lorena , Lebrero Raquel , de los Santos Manuel Alejandro , Muñoz Raúl , Tejero Juan Ignacio 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA study was performed in two submerged, pilot‐scale biofilm bioreactors operated under different conditions to determine the relationship between the operating parameters and H2S emission. H2S was always detected in the exhaust air at concentrations varying from 1 to 353 ppmv. The specific aeration rate was the most influencing parameter, with As < 30 ${\rm m}_{{\rm air}}^{{\rm 3}} $ kg COD (dissolved oxygen concentrations <4 mg L−1) increasing noticeably the H2S production. The periodical removal of the accumulated sludge reduced H2S emissions by ∼14%.
Improved real‐time scheduling of periodic tasks on multiprocessors
Authors: Rattanatamrong P. , Fortes J.A.B. 
Published: December 2012

SummaryThere is an increasing number of high‐performance periodic real‐time applications in areas such as control systems, autonomous robots and financial systems. This article presents a novel algorithm, called Notional Approximation for Balancing Load Residues (NABLR), for scheduling these applications on high‐performance computing resources. The algorithm utilizes a combination of task residual loads and runtime laxities to carefully plan task execution between two consecutive job arrivals, so that available resources can be fully utilized and avoid deadline misses as possible. The empirical study in our article presented at the 2011 International Conference on High Performance Computing and Simulation (HPCS) was further extended by including additional static task sets and a new adaptive task set generated by our motivating application in brain–machine interfaces, which simulates the control of movement of a prosthetic limb according to activities of input signals. Out of 25,000 task sets, NABLR can schedule up to 76% of the sets versus 43% by the best known efficient algorithm (named anticipating slack earliest deadline first until zero laxity [ASEDZL]), while incurring significantly smaller overheads than those of a known optimal algorithm (on average, 80% fewer preemptions, migrations, and 75% fewer scheduler invocations), and being comparable to those of suboptimal schedulers (within only 12% more preemptions/migrations). Additionally, the evaluation results show that NABLR completes more task instances when compared with ASEDZL, which yields a greater system output accuracy. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PySy: a Python package for enhanced concurrent programming
Authors: Williamson Todd , Olsson Ronald A. 
Published: December 2012

SUMMARYOver the last decade, the popularity of Python has increased considerably. Python is widely used and has been demonstrated to be effective over many problem domains including scripting, prototyping, and simulation. Python's easy to use and concise syntax is highly expressive and allows a developer to create considerably shorter and easier to understand programs than semantically equivalent programs written in languages like C, C++, or Java. An important aspect of any language's flexibility is a highly parallelizable environment that allows its users to write concurrent programs. However, Python is still lacking a high‐level, expressive concurrent and distributed programming environment. This paper presents our experience creating PySy, a Python package (on the basis of the SR and JR concurrent programming languages), which provides an easy to use and expressive concurrent environment and allows for the distributed sharing of resources. This paper discusses our design decisions, describes our implementation, and shows qualitative and quantitative analyses of well‐known concurrent programs written in PySy. Overall, PySy is reasonable to use for expressing the more common programming scenarios, while it provides acceptable performance. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Towards scalability collapse behavior on multicores
Authors: Cui Yan , Chen Yu , Shi Yuanchun 
Published: December 2012

SUMMARYMulticore processor systems have become mainstream. To release the full potential of multiple cores, applications are programmed to be parallel to keep every core busy. Unfortunately, lock contention within operating systems can limit the scalability so seriously that use of more cores leads to reduced throughput (scalability collapse). To understand and characterize the collapse behavior easily, a discrete‐event simulation model, which considers both the sequential execution of critical sections and the overhead of hardware resource contention, is designed and implemented. By the use of the model, we observe that the percentage of time used to wait for locks and the number of tasks requesting for a lock have a significant correlation with the occurrence of scalability collapse. On the basis of these observations, two new techniques (lock contention aware scheduler and requester‐based adaptive lock) are proposed to remove the scalability collapse on multicores. The proposed methods are implemented in the Linux kernel 2.6.29.4 and evaluated on an AMD 32‐core system to verify their effectiveness. By using micro‐benchmarks and macro‐benchmarks, we find that these methods can remove scalability collapse totally for four of five workloads exhibiting the collapse behavior. For one workload that does not suffer scalability collapse, these proposed methods only introduce negligible overhead. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identifying Multiple Populations from Single‐Molecule Lifetime Distributions
Authors: Kastantin Mark , Schwartz Daniel K. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA major advantage of single‐molecule methods over ensemble‐averaging techniques involves the ability to characterize heterogeneity through the identification of multiple molecular populations. It can be challenging, however, to determine absolute values of dynamic parameters (and to relate these values to those determined from a conventional method) because characteristic timescales of various populations may vary over many orders of magnitude, and under a given set of experimental conditions instrumental sensitivity to various populations may be unequal. Using data obtained from the single‐molecule tracking microscopy of fibrinogen protein adsorption and desorption, it is shown that by performing a combined analysis of molecular trajectories obtained using a range of acquisition times, it is possible to extract quantitative absolute values of multiple population fractions and residence times (with well‐defined uncertainties), even when these values span many orders of magnitude. In particular, as many as six distinct populations are rigorously identified, exhibiting characteristic timescales that vary over nearly three orders of magnitude with population fractions as small as one part in a thousand. This approach will lead to better comparability between single‐molecule experiments and may be useful in connecting single‐molecule to ensemble‐averaged observations.
Harmonising Production, Properties and Environmental Consequences of Liquid Transport Fuels from Biomass—2,5‐Dimethylfuran as a Case Study
Authors: Simmie John M. , Würmel Judith 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe rapid development in methods for transforming non‐edible biomass into platform chemicals and fuels has accelerated over recent years. However, the determination of whether these ‘next‐generation’ biofuels perform in a satisfactory manner in engines, turbines and burners has lagged behind. The evaluation of the ecological and toxicological aspects has also been unable to keep up. We show, by using 2,5‐dimethylfuran (DMF) as a concrete example, how a range of studies is needed to establish the benefits and risks of using a particular biofuel. In this regard, the variable with the largest impact about which little is known is probably the behaviour of DMF when it is accidentally introduced into groundwater. A primary consideration is to avoid a repetition of the methyl tert‐butyl ether (MTBE) fiasco.
Development of single point feed circularly polarized coplanar antenna
Authors: Hirabayashi Kanya , Takahashi Masashi , Kominami Masanobu 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA single point fed circularly polarized coplanar antenna is proposed. The antenna consists of a rectangular slot loop of 1λ (wavelength) and the earth conductor. The antenna has orthogonal surface currents and appropriate phase differences suitable to generate circularly polarized waves. The antenna design method is studied and the design parameter table is obtained for several applications. Antenna performance was measured and examined with numerical simulation results. Finally, an application for XMSR was examined with a car body model. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 96(1): 33–42, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.11425
Theoretical Study of Spin‐State and Redox Multistability in an Iron [2×2] Grid Complex
Authors: Borshch Serguei A. , Zueva Ekaterina M. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractWe use quantum‐chemical (DFT) calculations to elucidate the origin of spin‐crossover pathways in the iron [2×2] molecular grid with pyrazole‐based bridging ligands displaying spin‐state and oxidation‐state multistability. The complex is characterized energetically and structurally in different available spin and oxidation states. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the structural distortion induced on each iron center by spin transition on any of its neighbors or by oxidation. The evolution of coordination polyhedra is monitored by using continuous shape measures. It is demonstrated that a succession of spin transitions on different centers depends on whether the induced distortion approaches or moves the coordination core geometry away from a more regular low‐spin geometry. These effects, as well as the overall grid geometry, are driven by the steric strain in the ligands. We also calculate the parameters of Mössbauer spectra and exchange coupling constants for different grid states.
ECDLP‐based certificateless proxy signature scheme with message recovery
Authors: Padhye Sahadeo , Tiwari Namita 
Published: December 2012

AbstractCertificateless public key cryptography (PKC) eliminates the use of certificates in traditional PKC and the key escrow problem in identity‐based PKC. Up to now, a number of certificateless proxy signature (CLPS) schemes have been proposed. However, only a little attention has been paid to the construction of CLPS schemes with message recovery. Recently, Singh and Verma proposed a CLPS scheme with message recovery from bilinear pairings. Total computation cost of a pairing is higher than that of elliptic curve‐based scalar multiplication over elliptic curve group. So, schemes without pairings would be more appealing in terms of efficiency. To the best of our knowledge, there is no provable secure CLPS scheme with message recovery based on elliptic curve discrete log problem. We first propose such CLPS scheme. Our scheme is secure against existential forgery under adaptive chosen message and ID attacks. Furthermore, it is more efficient than Singh and Verma's scheme for practical applications. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fuel sources: Current law and regulation about used nuclear fuel
Authors: Polonsky Alex S. , Kuyler Ray P. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThere is a lot of nuclear waste piling up out there. We are not talking about the by‐product of nuclear weapons production from the Cold War; I am talking about the nuclear fuel that has been irradiated inside the 100‐plus commercial nuclear power plants located in the United States that have been generating about 20 percent (Exhibit 1) of the electricity in this country for the past four decades. This “spent” or “used” nuclear fuel is now being stored at current and former commercial nuclear reactor sites, awaiting disposal or recycling.1
Natural gas matters: Blue Light Special's consequences—Will low prices cause 2013 shortage?
Authors: Smead Richard G. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIn reviewing where the natural gas industry stands going into this winter, we have a strange situation. First, as it is easy to show, both flowing supplies and storage are in extremely good shape—shale‐driven abundance keeps rolling along, and thanks partly to last year's historically mild winter, storage balances are extremely high. Prices have been ramping up from the bargain‐basement prices we experienced this summer, when Henry Hub even dipped below $2.00 a million Btu's, but are not yet up to the levels that most analysts believe are needed for sustained development.
Prevalence and associated behavioral symptoms of depression in mild cognitive impairment and dementia due to Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Van der Mussele Stefan , Bekelaar Kim , Le Bastard Nathalie , Vermeiren Yannick , Saerens Jos , Somers Nore , Mariën Peter , Goeman Johan , De Deyn Peter P. , Engelborghs Sebastiaan 
Published: December 2012

BackgroundMild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a clinical concept that categorizes subjects who are in an intermediate cognitive state between normal aging and dementia. The aims of this study are to determine the prevalence of significant depressive symptoms in MCI and Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and to characterize the behavior associated with significant depressive symptoms in MCI and AD patients.MethodsA cross‐sectional analysis of baseline data from a prospective, longitudinal study on behavioral symptoms of dementia and MCI was performed. The study population consisted of 270 MCI and 402 AD patients. Behavioral assessment was performed by means of Middelheim Frontality Score, Behavioral Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease Rating Scale (Behave‐AD) and Cohen‐Mansfield Agitation Inventory. The presence of significant depressive symptoms was defined as a Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia total score >7.ResultsThe prevalence of significant depressive symptoms in AD patients (25%) was higher compared with MCI patients (16%) (p = 0.005). Patients with significant depressive symptoms showed an increased severity of frontal lobe symptoms, behavioral symptoms and agitation (Middelheim Frontality Score, Behave‐AD and Cohen‐Mansfield Agitation Inventory total scores; p < 0.001). Also, most of the individual frontal lobe and behavioral symptoms were more prevalent and severe, resulting in higher Behave‐AD global scores. Mild cognitive impairment patients with depressive symptoms showed more severe behavioral symptoms and more severe verbally agitated behavior than AD patients without depressive symptoms (p < 0.001).ConclusionsFrontal lobe and behavioral symptoms are more prevalent and severe in MCI and AD patients with significant depressive symptoms as compared with patients without depressive symptoms. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.