bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In situ visualization of plasma cells producing antibodies reactive to Porphyromonas gingivalis in periodontitis: the application of the enzyme‐labeled antigen method
Authors: Mizutani Y. , Tsuge S. , Takeda H. , Hasegawa Y. , Shiogama K. , Onouchi T. , Inada K. , Sawasaki T. , Tsutsumi Y. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryPorphyromonas gingivalis is a keystone periodontal pathogen. Histologocally, the gingival tissue in periodontitis shows dense infiltration of plasma cells. However, antigens recognized by antibodies secreted from the immunocytes remain unknown. The enzyme‐labeled antigen method was applied to detecting plasma cells producing P. gingivalis‐specific antibodies in biopsied gingival tissue of periodontitis. N‐terminally biotinylated P. gingivalis antigens, Ag53 and four gingipain domains (Arg‐pro, Arg‐hgp, Lys‐pro and Lys‐hgp) were prepared by the cell‐free protein synthesis system using wheatgerm extract. With these five labeled proteins as probes, 20 lesions of periodontitis were evaluated. With the AlphaScreen method, antibodies against any one of the five P. gingivalis antigens were detected in 11 (55%) serum samples and 17 (85%) tissue extracts. Using the enzyme‐labeled antigen method on paraformaldehyde‐fixed frozen sections of gingival tissue, plasma cells were labeled with any one of the five antigens in 17 (94%) of 18 specimens, in which evaluable plasma cells were detected. The positivity rates in periodontitis were significantly higher than those found previously in radicular cysts (20% in sera and 33% in tissue extracts with the AlphaScreen method, and 25% with the enzyme‐labeled antigen method). Our findings directly indicate that antibodies reactive to P. gingivalis are locally produced in the gingival lesions, and that inflammatory reactions against P. gingivalis are involved in periodontitis.
Fractured and displaced genial tubercles: a case report
Authors: Freeman C.O. , Payne M. , Martin N. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAn edentulous woman presented with pain, swelling and ulceration in the anterior floor of mouth; the findings on clinical examination suggested the presence of an anteriorly placed salivary calculus with trauma to the overlying soft tissues from the mobile lower denture. Radiographic examination, however, revealed fracture and displacement of the genial tubercles. The patient was managed conservatively and all symptoms subsequently settled.
Does the Miller blade truly provide a better laryngoscopic view and intubating conditions than the Macintosh blade in small children?
Authors: Varghese Elsa , Kundu Ratul 
Published: April 2014

SummaryBackgroundBoth Miller and Macintosh blades are widely used for laryngoscopy in small children, though the Miller blade is more commonly recommended in pediatric anesthetic literature. The aim of this study was to compare laryngoscopic views and ease and success of intubation with Macintosh and Miller blades in small children under general anesthesia.Materials and MethodOne hundred and twenty children aged 1–24 months were randomized for laryngoscopy to be performed in a crossover manner with either the Miller or the Macintosh blade first, following induction of anesthesia and neuromuscular blockade. The tips of both the blades were placed at the vallecula. Intubation was performed following the second laryngoscopy. The glottic views with and without external laryngeal maneuver (ELM) and ease of intubation were observed.ResultsSimilar glottic views with both blades were observed in 52/120 (43%) children, a better view observed with the Miller blade in 35/120 (29%) children, and with the Macintosh blade in 33/120 (28%). Laryngoscopy was easy in 65/120 (54%) children with both the blades. Restricted laryngoscopy was noted in 55 children: in 27 children with both the blades, 15 with Miller, and 13 with Macintosh blade. Laryngoscopic view improved following ELM with both the blades.ConclusionIn children aged 1–24 months, the Miller and the Macintosh blades provide similar laryngoscopic views and intubating conditions. When a restricted view is obtained, a change of blade may provide a better view. Placing the tip of the Miller blade in the vallecula provides satisfactory intubating conditions in this age group.
Ecology of plant volatiles: taking a plant community perspective
Authors: PIERIK RONALD , BALLARÉ CARLOS L. , DICKE MARCEL 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAlthough plants are sessile organisms, they can modulate their phenotype so as to cope with environmental stresses such as herbivore attack and competition with neighbouring plants. Plant‐produced volatile compounds mediate various aspects of plant defence. The emission of volatiles has costs and benefits. Research on the role of plant volatiles in defence has focused primarily on the responses of individual plants. However, in nature, plants rarely occur as isolated individuals but are members of plant communities where they compete for resources and exchange information with other plants. In this review, we address the effects of neighbouring plants on plant volatile‐mediated defences. We will outline the various roles of volatile compounds in the interactions between plants and other organisms, address the mechanisms of plant neighbour perception in plant communities, and discuss how neighbour detection and volatile signalling are interconnected. Finally, we will outline the most urgent questions to be addressed in the future.
Metabolic and transcript analysis of the flavonoid pathway in diseased and recovered Nebbiolo and Barbera grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) following infection by Flavescence dorée phytoplasma
Authors: MARGARIA PAOLO , FERRANDINO ALESSANDRA , CACIAGLI PIERO , KEDRINA OLGA , SCHUBERT ANDREA , PALMANO SABRINA 
Published: April 2014

AbstractFlavescence dorée phytoplasma (FDp) infections seriously affect production and survival of grapevine. We analysed the changes in the flavonoid pathway occurring in two red cultivars, the highly susceptible Barbera and the less susceptible Nebbiolo, following FDp infection. A combination of metabolic and transcript analyses was used to quantify flavonoid compounds and expression of a set of genes involved in their biosynthesis. Quantification of anthocyanins, flavonols, proanthocyanidins and related biosynthetic enzymes was performed over the vegetative season, at four time points, on healthy, infected and recovered plants. A strong activation of anthocyanin accumulation was observed in infected Barbera leaves, while the response was less marked in Nebbiolo. Proanthocyanidins also accumulated mainly in infected Barbera leaves, even if basal proanthocyanidin concentration was higher in healthy and recovered Nebbiolo. Biochemical data were supported by transcript analysis: genes of the stem flavonoid pathway and of the anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin branches were expressed at a higher level in infected than in healthy plants, with a different magnitude between the two cultivars. Based on our results, we hypothesize that flavonoid accumulation is a physiological consequence of FD infection without affecting phytoplasma multiplication, although proanthocyanidin accumulation could help repel further infection by the insect vector.
Biogenic volatile emissions from the soil
Authors: PEÑUELAS J. , ASENSIO D. , THOLL D. , WENKE K. , ROSENKRANZ M. , PIECHULLA B. , SCHNITZLER J.P. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractVolatile compounds are usually associated with an appearance/presence in the atmosphere. Recent advances, however, indicated that the soil is a huge reservoir and source of biogenic volatile organic compounds (bVOCs), which are formed from decomposing litter and dead organic material or are synthesized by underground living organism or organs and tissues of plants. This review summarizes the scarce available data on the exchange of VOCs between soil and atmosphere and the features of the soil and particle structure allowing diffusion of volatiles in the soil, which is the prerequisite for biological VOC‐based interactions. In fact, soil may function either as a sink or as a source of bVOCs. Soil VOC emissions to the atmosphere are often 1–2 (0–3) orders of magnitude lower than those from aboveground vegetation. Microorganisms and the plant root system are the major sources for bVOCs. The current methodology to detect belowground volatiles is described as well as the metabolic capabilities resulting in the wealth of microbial and root VOC emissions. Furthermore, VOC profiles are discussed as non‐destructive fingerprints for the detection of organisms. In the last chapter, belowground volatile‐based bi‐ and multi‐trophic interactions between microorganisms, plants and invertebrates in the soil are discussed.
Clinical characteristics of pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with Down syndrome
Authors: Saji Tsutomu 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe genetic abnormalities associated with Down syndrome (DS) are still being identified. Few studies have examined the roles of CRELD1 and GATA4 in cardiac abnormalities or their association with pulmonary artery histopathology. Children with DS have an elevated risk of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). This increased risk is likely mainly due to genetic background, the structural characteristics of the pulmonary vascular wall, and certain heart diseases and partly due to pulmonary hypoplasia, upper and lower airway obstructive diseases, chronic infection, and neuromuscular underdevelopment. Exposure to increased left‐to‐right shunt flow increases sheer stress on endothelium and may induce endothelial dysfunction followed by irreversible remodeling of pulmonary arteries. Pathologic changes include endothelial cell proliferation and thickening of the pulmonary arterial wall due to mechanical responses to the thinner medial smooth muscle cell layer, which includes underdevelopment of alveoli. Production of prostacyclin and nitric oxide is diminished in DS, but endothelin‐1 and thromboxane are elevated. Perioperatively, patients with DS may experience pulmonary hypertensive crisis after intracardiac repair and prolonged PAH, and have a poorer response to nitric oxide inhalation. To better manage DS, it is crucial to systematically evaluate the systemic complications of DS. Cardiac catheterization data, particularly those regarding pulmonary arterial resistance, are essential in assessing severity and response to vasodilating agents, preventing postoperative crisis, and evaluating the possibility of intracardiac repair. Advanced therapy with pulmonary vasodilating agents appears effective. Operative risk is similar for individuals with and without DS, except among patients with a complete atrioventricular canal defect.
Is attitude toward epilepsy and driving affected by media coverage?
Authors: Okumura Akihisa , Abe Shinpei , Nakazawa Mika , Shimizu Toshiaki 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe media have recently reported on car accidents related to persons with epilepsy in Japan. We were concerned that sensational media coverage may worsen the attitude toward epilepsy among non‐medical persons. We carried out a questionnaire survey among non‐medical students in order to evaluate the effects of media on the attitude toward epilepsy and the holding of a driving license in persons with epilepsy.MethodsThe survey was performed using a structured questionnaire. The students were divided into two groups according to knowledge on the recent serious car accidents related to persons with epilepsy. In order to clarify the effects of media coverage, we compared the attitude toward epilepsy and driving in persons with epilepsy between those who knew about the accidents and those who did not.ResultsThe proportion of students who were familiar with epilepsy was higher in those who knew about the accidents, whereas no significant difference was observed in attitude toward epilepsy. The proportion of students who opposed the idea of persons with epilepsy holding a driving license was not different according to knowledge of the car accidents, whereas that of students who opposed severe punishment of epilepsy patients in the case of a car accident was lower in those who knew about the accidents.ConclusionsMedia coverage did not affect the attitude of the participants toward restriction of driving license in persons with epilepsy, whereas the proportion of participants who object to severe punishment for car accidents in persons with epilepsy was decreased.
Does cardiac reactivity in the laboratory predict ambulatory heart rate? Baseline counts
Authors: Schwerdtfeger Andreas R. , Schienle Anne , Leutgeb Verena , Rathner Eva‐Maria 
Published: April 2014

AbstractCardiovascular reactivity to laboratory stress might predict cardiovascular load in everyday life. However, previous research throws doubt on this hypothesis. This study examined associations between heart rate (HR) to a public speaking task and ambulatory HR throughout a day. Electrocardiogram, bodily movement, and psychosocial variables (affect, context) were recorded in 111 individuals. Ambulatory HR was positively associated with both positive and negative affect. Baseline HR in the laboratory significantly predicted ambulatory HR, but HR reactivity did not. The interaction of momentary negative affect and cardiac reactivity in the laboratory was also not significant. However, a significant interaction of baseline HR and reactivity indicated that, when baseline was high, there was a positive relation between HR reactivity and ambulatory HR. Findings suggest that baseline has to be considered when aiming to predict cardiovascular load in everyday life.
Achieving competency in bronchoscopy: Challenges and opportunities
Authors: Fielding David I. , Maldonado Fabien , Murgu Septimiu 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBronchoscopy education is undergoing significant changes in step with other medical and surgical specialties that seek to incorporate simulation‐based training and objective measurement of procedural skills into training programmes. Low‐ and high‐fidelity simulators are now available and allow learners to gain fundamental bronchoscopy skills in a zero‐risk environment. Testing trainees on simulators is currently possible by using validated assessment tools for both essential bronchoscopy and endobronchial ultrasound skills, and more tools are under development for other bronchoscopic techniques. Educational concepts including the ‘flipped classroom’ model and problem‐based learning exercises are increasingly used in bronchoscopy training programmes. These learner‐centric teaching modalities require well‐trained educators, which is possible thorough the expansion of existing faculty development programmes.
Intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 as a drug target in asthma and rhinitis
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Srirupa , Malik Parth , Arora Sunil K. , Mukherjee Tapan K. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIntercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) is a transmembrane glycoprotein receptor of the immunoglobulin superfamily. Endothelial cells, epithelial cells, leukocytes and neutrophils are the major cells expressing ICAM‐1. Ligands of ICAM‐1 are macrophage adhesion ligand‐1, leukocyte function‐associated antigen‐1 and fibrinogen (extracellular matrix protein). In normal physiological conditions, engagement of ICAM‐1 receptor with immunological cells surface ligands assists in homing and trafficking of inflammatory cells to distant tissues. ICAM‐1 has also long been known to mediate cell‐to‐cell interaction during antigen presentation and outside‐in cell signalling pathways. ICAM‐1‐mediated elevated inflammation is implicated in asthma. On respiratory epithelial cells surface, ICAM‐1 acts as natural binding site for human rhinovirus (HRV), a common cold virus that ultimately causes exacerbation of asthma. This review presents the findings on the role of ICAM‐1 in the complication of asthma and in particular asthma exacerbation by HRV.
Mineralogy, Sulfur Isotope and Fluid Inclusion Studies of Hydrothermal Ore at the Hakurei Deposit, Bayonnaise Knoll, Izu‐Bonin Arc
Authors: Watanabe Shota , Hayashi Ken‐ichiro 
Published: April 2014

AbstractSulfide and sulfate ore samples collected from the Hakurei deposit of the Bayonnaise knoll were examined for the occurrence and chemical composition of minerals, including the sulfur isotopes and the microthermometry of fluid inclusions. Massive sulfide ore, mineralized volcanic rock, and anhydrite ore occur in descending order, from the seafloor to the bottom of the cored sample. The massive sulfide ore is dominated by sphalerite and accompanied by tennantite, chalcopyrite, and pyrite with lesser amounts of galena, enargite, and covellite. Amorphous silica is commonly precipitated on the surface of the sulfide minerals. As‐bearing minerals such as tennantite, enargite, and luzonite are common, while galena and Sb‐rich tetrahedrite are scarce. The mineral abundance and chemical composition of the minerals differs from that found in chimneys of the deposit. The sulfur isotope compositions in the minerals are +3.1–5.2‰ for sulfides and +19.6–21.8‰ for sulfate minerals. The homogeneous nature of the sulfur isotopes suggests that sulfur incorporated in the Hakurei deposit came from the reduction of aqueous sulfate in seawater.
Re–Os Geochronology on Molybdenites from theDonggebiMo Deposit in the EasternTianshan of theCentralAsiaOrogenicBelt and its Geological Significance
Authors: Han Chunming , Xiao Wenjiao , Zhao Guochun , Sun Min , Qu Wenjun , Du Andao 
Published: April 2014

AbstractTheDonggebiMo deposit is located in the eastern section of theEasternTianshanOrogenicBelt,CentralAsiaOrogenicBelt. Rhenium and osmium isotopes of molybdenites from theDonggebi porphyryMo deposit have been used to determine the timing of mineralization and the source of osmium and, by inference, ore metals. Molybdenite was collected mainly from a granite porphyry stock, which is characterized by moderate to strong silicification. Rhenium concentrations in molybdenite samples are between 10 and 63 μg g−1. Analysis of eight molybdenite samples yields an isochron age of 234.3 ± 1.6 Ma (2σ) with an initial187Os of 0.04 ± 0.45 (MSWD= 0.25). The data support the hypothesis that a significant part of the metals and magmas have a mixed (crust + mantle) origin. Based on the geological history and spatial‐temporal distribution of the granitoids, it is proposed that theMo deposits in the eastern part of theEastTianshanOrogenicBelt were related to a post‐collision extensional setting in theEarlyMesozoic.
Velocity of Money and Economic Development in Medieval China: The case of Northern Song
Authors: Dong Baomin , Gong Jiong 
Published: April 2014

AbstractA Fisher's Identity model is established to study Northern Song China's (960–1126) level of velocity of money using money supply and gross domestic product (GDP) data. Results of the exercise help rationalize what is called the “bronze coin” puzzle, which is the massive amount of minted coins seemingly incommensurate with price levels. It is shown that the velocity of money was increasing and comparable to pre‐industrial England levels. This paper argues that the driving forces of the short supply of money are greater than usual hoarding by the state treasury and coin outflows to Song's trading partners via smuggling. Since velocity of money is an indicator of economic development in ancient societies, this paper provides a realistic validation of the premise of the Needham puzzle.
Implications of Financial Development of the South for Trade and Foreign Direct Investment from the North
Authors: Liu Qing , Qiu Larry D. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractUsing a North–South model of heterogeneous firms, the paper investigates the effects of the financial development of the South on the choice of international entry mode (export vs foreign direct investment [FDI]) of Northern firms. Such development facilitates the entry of local firms and thus intensifies product market competition. As a result, the intensive margins, extensive margins and total sales from export or FDI of Northern firms are all reduced. The paper provides conditions that determine whether export or FDI is affected more significantly. The results generate empirically testable hypotheses.
R&D Networks with Strategic Substitutability
Authors: Cui Zhiwei , Li Ziran , Zhang Jin , Zu Lei 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis paper considers a non‐cooperative R&D network formation game. Instead of concentrating on R&D cooperation among firms, the paper focuses on one‐way externality flow in which each firm forms links in the attempt to acquire others' R&D knowledge. It is assumed that a firm has an internal R&D strategy (in‐house R&D) and an external R&D strategy (knowledge acquisition) and that these two strategic options are substitutes. It is found that a firm will trade off its own investment cost and acquisition cost. Consequently, the equilibrium network is empty when investment or linkage cost is high, whereas the equilibrium network is of core–periphery structure when both costs are relatively low, with core firms investing in R&D activities and periphery firms accessing R&D knowledge from core ones. The paper also investigates efficiency and the conclusion is that although an efficient R&D network is a periphery‐sponsored star, the core firm tends to underinvest in Nash equilibrium.
SADC Trade with the European Union from a Preferential to a Reciprocal Modality
Authors: Osman Rehab O. M. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis study employs a global computable general equilibrium (CGE) model to examine the potential impacts of the Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs) between the European Union (EU) and the Southern African Development Community (SADC). The simulation results suggest that a comprehensive EPA scenario is welfare‐improving for many SADC members. SADC preferential access to the EU markets is the key source for the prospective welfare and terms of trade gains. Overall, SADC production structures become more concentrated in export‐oriented sectors. These structural changes are accompanied by a high degree of adjustment and substantial fiscal losses.