bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crestal Approach for Maxillary Sinus Augmentation in Patients with ≤4 mm of Residual Alveolar Bone
Authors: Gonzalez Stephanie , Tuan Mao‐Chi , Ahn Kang Min , Nowzari Hessam 
Published: April 2013

AbstractPurposeLess morbidity is the major advantage to a one‐stage crestal approach to maxillary sinus elevation. However, the ability to ensure high primary implant stability in a severely atrophied ridge is of chief concern. The purpose of this study is to measure and compare the success rate of implants placed at the time of crestal approach sinus lift in patients with ≤4 mm of residual alveolar bone (RAB) and >4 mm of RAB.Materials and MethodsIn this three‐site multicenter study, one hundred two patients, 53 males and 49 females, (23–89 years old; mean = 56.2) were evaluated. Three experienced surgeons (>15 years) performed the crestal approach sinus lift microsurgeries with simultaneous implant placement. At baseline and at the follow‐up appointments, calibrated examiners measured radiographic interproximal bone level using ImageJ for Windows after calibration of the radiographs. References for the bone level measurements were the platform, first and second threads of the implants. Statistical analyses, using STATA version 12, stratified patients according to RAB height (group 1: RAB of ≤4 mm; n = 35 and group 2: RAB > 4 mm; n = 67), age, gender, and treatment center.ResultsThe success rate was 100% for group 1 and 98.51% for group 2 at 6 to 100 months postprosthetic loading (mean = 29.7 months). The peri‐implant bone loss averaged 0.55 mm (interquartile range [IQR] = 0.5 [0–1]) in group 1 and 0.07 mm (IQR = 0 [0–0]) in group 2. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. Clinical outcomes were independent of age, gender, and treatment center.ConclusionsThe RAB height did not increase crestal bone loss or reduce the success rate of the implants and associated prostheses. The crestal approach should be considered a viable technique for use in patients with residual bone height of ≤4 mm and merits further evaluation.
The aphid Ceratovacuna nekoashi (Hemiptera: Aphididae: Hormaphidinae) and its allied species in Korea, Japan and Taiwan
Authors: Aoki Shigeyuki , Kurosu Utako , Kutsukake Mayako , Hsieh Tsung‐Jui , Yang Man‐Miao , Choe Jae C. , Fukatsu Takema 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe aphid Ceratovacuna nekoashi and its allied species have been a taxonomically difficult group. They form peculiar “cat's‐paw” galls (called “Nekoashi” in Japanese) on Styrax trees and also use Microstegium grasses as their secondary hosts. Through sampling aphids from both Styrax galls and Microstegium grasses in South Korea, Japan and Taiwan, and sequencing their DNA, we made it clear that four distinct species occur in these regions: C. nekoashi (Sasaki), C. oplismeni (Takahashi), C. orientalis (Takahashi) and C. subtropicana sp. nov. In Korea, C. nekoashi forms galls on both S. japonicus and S. obassia, whereas in Japan the species forms galls on the former but not on the latter; our molecular analyses unequivocally indicated the occurrence of a single species in South Korea and mainland Japan. Aphids of the four species on the secondary host were morphologically discriminated from one another. The identity of the primary‐ and secondary‐host generations was also clarified for each species. All four species were found to produce second‐instar sterile soldiers in their Styrax galls, and first‐instar soldiers were found in colonies of C. subtropicana on the secondary host.
Effects of creation of open vegetation in abandoned terraced paddy fields on carabid beetle assemblages in temperate Japan
Authors: Ohwaki Atsushi , Kaneko Yohei 
Published: April 2013

AbstractMany paddy fields in the mountainous rural areas of Japan have been abandoned since the 1960s, and forests have regenerated on these sites. In a mountainous area on Sado Island, a large number of abandoned paddies were converted into wetlands and open terrestrial vegetation. In this study, we used pitfall traps to examine the effects of the creation of open vegetation on carabid beetle assemblages by investigating 14 sites spanning five vegetation types: six sites in secondary forests (three coppice forests and three 40‐year‐old regenerating forests on abandoned paddies), three each in clear‐cuts and paddy levees, and two in grasslands. The 14 study sites were clearly separated into two groups different in the species composition of carabid beetles: secondary forest and grassland‐levee groups. The species composition of two clear‐cut sites was similar to that of secondary forests, whereas that of the remaining one clear‐cut site was similar to that of grasslands. Analyses of species responses showed various habitat preferences, e.g., for only coppice forests, for two types of secondary forests, for secondary forests and clear‐cuts, for clear‐cuts and grasslands, and for grasslands or levees, or no clear preference. There were no characteristic species in the regenerating forests. These results suggest that the 40‐year‐old regenerating forests may sustain only a limited subset of the carabid fauna found in coppice forests and that the creation of open vegetation in the abandoned paddies enhances carabid diversity at the landscape level by raising β diversity among the different vegetation types.
Do Criminal Sanctions Deter Insider Trading?
Authors: Frijns Bart , Gilbert Aaron , Tourani‐Rad Alireza 
Published: April 2013

AbstractMany developed markets have taken what appears to be a tough stance on illegal insider trading through the use of criminal sanctions. Although criminal sanctions represent a much greater penalty than civil sanctions, the higher burden of proof required makes their enforceability weaker. This trade off between severity and enforceability makes the impact of criminal sanctions ambiguous. We empirically examine this issue by studying the deterrence of insider trading following the introduction of criminal sanctions in a developed market. Significant changes in sanction regimes are rare, especially when criminal sanctions are introduced without other changes. In February 2008, New Zealand introduced criminal sanctions for insider trading. This change of law offers a unique setting in which to examine the deterrence effect of criminalization. Using measures for the cost of trading, degree of information asymmetry, and probability of informed trading, we find that the enactment of this law led to a worsening in these measures. These findings suggest that the weaker enforceability of criminalization outweighs the associated increased severity of the penalties in New Zealand.
Financial and Economic Integration's Impact on Asian Equity Markets’ Sensitivity to External Shocks
Authors: Asgharian Hossein , Nossman Marcus 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis paper investigates the spillover effects from U.S. and regional stock markets on local stock markets in the Pacific Basin region and China. We also analyze if the spillover depends on countries’ financial and economic integration. We apply a stochastic volatility model with jumps in order to separate the spillover of extreme shocks from those of normal shocks. We find that the spillovers of both normal and extreme shocks are significant for almost all Asian countries except China. We also find that the time‐variation in stock market interdependence can largely be associated with economic integration.
Germination response of endophytic Festuca rubra seeds in the presence of arsenic
Authors: Vázquez de Aldana B.R. , Gundel P. E. , García Criado B. , García Ciudad A. , García Sánchez A. , Zabalgogeazcoa I. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractEpichloë fungal endophytes colonize the intercellular space of aerial organs of their plant hosts without causing symptoms. These symbionts are known to improve the performance of their host grasses in some situations of biotic and abiotic stress, leading to the suggestion that they can be used to improve grass tolerance to contaminants. The grass Festuca rubra is a host of the endophyte Epichloë festucae. We used two half‐sib lines of F. rubra, each line composed of infected (E+) or endophyte‐free (E−) seeds, to study the effect of varying levels of arsenic (6, 12, 25, and 50 mg L−1), and of the endophyte in seed germination and radicle growth. The results showed that seed germination was not significantly affected by arsenic (As) levels lower than 25 mg L−1, indicating that this grass has a relatively high tolerance of As at the germination stage. The decrease in germination observed at 25 and 50 mg L−1 was due to increased seed mortality and to the reversible inhibition of the germination of viable seeds caused by As. The presence of the endophyte did not change the germination response to arsenic of one line, but affected negatively the germination of the other line. In contrast to the process of germination, radicles of E+ seeds of both lines were longer than those of endophyte‐free seeds. The results of this work indicate that Epichloë endophytes can affect the performance of some F. rubra genotypes when As is present in the soil.
Spectroscopic andMechanicalEvaluation ofThinFilmCommonlyUsed forBandingCongenitalPortosystemicShunts inDogs
Authors: Smith Rebecca R. , Hunt Geraldine B. , Garcia‐Nolen Tanya C. , Stump Samuel , Stover Susan M. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjectivesTo (1) determine whether different types of thin film used to occlude congenital portosystemic shunts are cellophane, and (2) evaluate the influence of saline immersion and sterilization on the tensile properties of cellophane.Study DesignEx vivospectroscopic evaluation and mechanical testing.Sample PopulationRectangular strips of thin film from 4 sources.MethodsSamples were evaluated with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and microscopy with a polarizing lens. Samples consistent with cellophane were divided into 5 sterilization groups: non‐sterile, autoclave, gamma irradiation, hydrogen peroxide and ethylene oxide. Samples were tested while dry or after saline solution immersion. Tensile properties were compared using ANOVA, unpaired t‐tests, Mann‐Whitney U‐tests and Fisher's exact tests.P < 0.05 was considered significant.ResultsOne thin film was consistent with cellophane and it could be differentiated from the other thin films by visible striations. Cellophane was strongest when strips were oriented parallel with its fiber direction and saline immersion reduced its strength by 48% (P < .001). All sterilization methods except autoclave significantly weakened wet cellophane (ethylene oxide [P < .001], gamma irradiation [P < .001], and hydrogen peroxide [P < .001]).ConclusionsThin film from most sources was not consistent with cellophane. Autoclave sterilization is the best way to preserve the strength of wet cellophane.
Quality of Corporate Governance and Cost of Equity in Brazil
Authors: Lima Bruno Faustino , Sanvicente Antonio Zoratto 
Published: April 2013

Common sense suggests that the adoption of better corporate governance practices, which enable greater transparency, more protection against capital expropriation, and greater rights for investors, should have the effect of reducing the risk perceived by shareholders and so lead to lower required returns. This article investigates the existence of an inverse relationship between the quality of corporate governance and the cost of equity capital for Brazilian companies.The authors begin by constructing a broad index of corporate governance quality that combines four key aspects of corporate governance: (1) transparency and disclosure; (2) structure of the board of directors; (3) ownership and control structure; and (4) shareholder rights. To estimate the cost of equity, the CAPM was applied by using ex ante market premiums calculated with a simple discounted‐dividend method. On the basis of a sample of 67 Brazilian companies traded at the São Paulo Stock Exchange (Bovespa) during the period 1998–2008, the study concludes that there is a significant inverse relationship between the cost of equity and a number of proxies for effective governance, particularly those representing transparency and disclosure. Closer inspection of the reductions in cost of capital associated with improvements in the specific governance quality index components suggests that companies would benefit the most from prompt submission of information to regulators and full disclosure of executive pay.
Mechanotransduction at focal adhesions: integrating cytoskeletal mechanics in migrating cells
Authors: Kuo Jean‐Cheng 
Published: April 2013

AbstractFocal adhesions (FAs) are complex plasma membrane‐associated macromolecular assemblies that serve to physically connect the actin cytoskeleton to integrins that engage with the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM). FAs undergo maturation wherein they grow and change composition differentially to provide traction and to transduce the signals that drive cell migration, which is crucial to various biological processes, including development, wound healing and cancer metastasis. FA‐related signalling networks dynamically modulate the strength of the linkage between integrin and actin and control the organization of the actin cytoskeleton. In this review, we have summarized a number of recent investigations exploring how FA composition is affected by the mechanical forces that transduce signalling networks to modulate cellular function and drive cell migration. Understanding the fundamental mechanisms of how force governs adhesion signalling provides insights that will allow the manipulation of cell migration and help to control migration‐related human diseases.
Morphological segmentation of FIB‐SEM data of highly porous media
Authors: PRILL T. , SCHLADITZ K. , JEULIN D. , FAESSEL M. , WIESER C. 
Published: April 2013

SummaryNanoporous materials play an important role in modern batteries as well as fuel cells. The materials microstructure needs to be analyzed as it determines the electrochemical properties. However, the microstructure is too fine to be resolved by microcomputed tomography. The method of choice to analyze the microstructure is focused ion beam nanotomography (FIB‐SEM). However, the reconstruction of the porous 3D microstructure from FIB‐SEM image data in general has been an unsolved problem so far. In this paper, we present a new method using morphological operations. First, features are extracted from the data. Subsequently, these features are combined to an initial segmentation, that is then refined by a constrained watershed transformation. We evaluate our method with synthetic data, generated by a simulation of the FIB‐SEM imaging process. We compare the ground truth in the simulated data to the segmentation result. The new method is found to produce a much smaller error than existing techniques.
Quantitative temperature‐depending mapping of mechanical properties of bitumen at the nanoscale using the AFM operated with PeakForce TappingTM mode
Authors: FISCHER H. , STADLER H. , ERINA N. 
Published: April 2013

SummaryThe mechanical properties of bitumen, such as elasticity/Young's modulus, stickiness/adhesion, hardness and energy loss, and sample deformation were acquired quantitatively and simultaneously with the topology at the microscale, discriminating clearly two separate phases within the bitumen. Temperature‐dependent measurements revealed detailed and specific data about the changes of these properties with temperature, enabling the development of predictive models for the performance and durability of asphalt.
Role of salpingoscopy in assessing the inner fallopian tubes of infertility patients with ovarian endometriomas
Authors: Nakagawa Koji , Nishi Yayoi , Sugiyama Rie , Kuribayashi Yasushi , Akira Shigeo , Sugiyama Rikikazu , Inoue Masto 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to observe the insides of the fallopian tubes of patients with unilateral or bilateral endometriomas by using salpingoscopy and evaluate the inner cavity of the fallopian tubes according to our original scoring system.Material and MethodsFrom April 2008 through December 2010, patients with unilateral or bilateral endometriomas were recruited (n = 157, endometrioma group). All patients underwent laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy and salpingoscopy. Using salpingoscopy, we observed the tubal lumen and calculated a fallopian tube score (F score) paying attention to the following six results: adhesions, loss of mucosal folds, rounded edges of mucosal folds, debris, foreign bodies, and abnormal vessels. The F scores were compared with those of the unexplained infertility patients who received those same procedures during the same period (n = 235; control group).ResultsSlightly more than three‐quarters (75.9%) of the patients in the endometrioma group received F scores of 0, and this percentage was significantly higher than that for the control group (139/235 = 59.1%, P < 0.05). The pregnancy rate after conventional treatment for the endometrioma group was 21.7%, and all pregnant patients had achieved an F score of less than 2.ConclusionIt is highly possible that infertility patients with ovarian endometriomas are more likely to have intact fallopian tubes, by comparison with infertility patients who do not have ovarian endometriomas.
Associations between endotoxin‐induced metabolic changes and temperament in Brahman bulls,
Authors: Burdick Sanchez N. C. , Carroll J. A. , Randel R. D. , Vann R. C. , Welsh T. H. 
Published: April 2013

SummaryThe influence of temperament on the alteration of metabolic parameters in response to a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge was investigated. Brahman bulls were selected based on temperament score. Bulls (10 months; 211 ± 5 kg BW; n = 6, 8 and 7 for Calm, Intermediate and Temperamental groups, respectively) were fitted with indwelling jugular catheters to evaluate peripheral blood concentrations of glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), non‐esterified fatty acids (NEFA), insulin, epinephrine and cortisol before and after LPS administration (0.5 μg/kg BW LPS). Feed intake was also recorded. Intermediate bulls consumed more feed than the Temperamental bulls during the challenge (p = 0.046). Pre‐LPS glucose (p = 0.401) and BUN (p = 0.222) did not differ among the temperament groups. However, pre‐LPS insulin (p = 0.023) was lower, whereas pre‐LPS NEFA (p < 0.001), cortisol (p < 0.001) and epinephrine (p < 0.001) were greater in Temperamental than in Calm and Intermediate bulls. Post‐LPS glucose was increased in Calm and Intermediate bulls but not in Temperamental bulls (p < 0.001). Insulin concentrations post‐LPS were greater in Calm than in Intermediate and Temperamental bulls (p < 0.001). Concentrations of NEFA post‐LPS were greater in Temperamental than in Calm and Intermediate bulls (p < 0.001). Serum BUN concentration increased post‐LPS, with values being greater in Calm and Intermediate than in Temperamental bulls (p = 0.012). Collectively, these data demonstrate that animal temperament is related to the metabolic responses of Brahman bulls following a provocative endotoxin challenge. Specifically, Temperamental bulls may preferentially utilize an alternate energy source (i.e. NEFA) to a greater degree than do bulls of Calm and Intermediate temperaments. The use of circulating NEFA from lipolysis may reduce the negative metabolic consequences of an immune response by allowing for a prompt answer to increasing energy demands required during immunological challenge, compared with the time required for glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis.
COX-2-10aa-PGIS Gene Therapy Improves Erectile Function in Rats After Cavernous Nerve Injury
Authors: Lin Haocheng , Yuan Jiuhong , Ruan Ke-He , Yang Wenli , Zhang Junlan , Dai Yutian , Wang Run 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a very common complication after radical prostatectomy. COX-2-10aa-PGIS is a newly engineered protein with COX-2 and prostacyclin synthase activities that converts arachidonic acid directly to prostacyclin (prostaglandin I2 [PGI2]). PGI2 is a potent smooth muscle relaxant.

Aim
The purpose of this study was to explore the effect and mechanism of COX-2-10aa-PGIS gene therapy in penile rehabilitation.

Methods
Bilateral cavernous nerve crush (BCNC) in adult Sprague-Dawley rats was used to mimic radical prostatectomy-induced ED. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into four groups: 1. sham surgery; 2. BCNC; 3. BCNC + null control recombinant adenovirus intracavernous injection; and 4. BCNC + Ad-COX2-10aa-PGIS intracavernous injection. Twenty-eight days later, intracavernosal pressure (ICP) was recorded under cavernous nerve stimulation; in the meantime, the mean arterial pressure (MAP) was monitored. At the end of the measurement, the penis was harvested and processed for (i) immunohistochemistry analysis of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1); (ii) Masson's trichrome stain for smooth muscle/collagen ratios; (iii) Western blot of eNOS, α-SMA, TGF-β1, and COX2-10aa-PGIS; and (iv) terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay for apoptosis.

Main Outcome Measures
Erectile function was evaluated by ICP/MAP. Smooth muscle and endothelium functions in corpora cavernosum were assessed by Masson's trichrome stain, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot. Apoptosis was identified by TUNEL assay.

Results
The results were the following: 1. COX2-10aa-PGIS gene therapy improved erectile function (82%, compared with control) in the BCNC rat model; 2. COX2-10aa-PGIS gene therapy increased eNOS (121%) and α-SMA (118%) expression and decreased TGF-β1 (45%) expression; 3. COX2-10aa-PGIS gene therapy reduced cell apoptosis after cavernous nerve injury (64%); and 4. COX2-10aa-PGIS gene therapy improved smooth muscle/collagen ratios (81%).

Conclusion
Our data demonstrated that COX2-10aa-PGIS improved erectile function after cavernous nerve injury through antifibrotic and anti-apoptotic mechanisms.
Dietary Protein Requirement of Juvenile Fuxian Minnow, Anabarilius grahami
Authors: Deng Junming , Zhang Xi , Tao Linli , Rong Hua , Bi Baoliang , Kang Bin 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA 10‐wk experiment was conducted to determine the optimum dietary protein requirement of juvenile Fuxian minnow, Anabarilius grahami (initial average weight 4.14 g). Five isocaloric diets were formulated to contain graded levels of protein (29, 34, 39, 44, and 49%). Each diet was fed to triplicate groups of fish in a recirculating rearing system maintained at 17–21 C. Feed intake of fish fed the 39 and 44% protein diets was significantly higher than that of fish fed the 29, 34, and 49% protein diets (P < 0.05). Weight gain and protein gain significantly increased with increasing dietary protein level up to 39% (P < 0.05), but no significant differences were observed among fish fed the 39, 44, and 49% protein diets (P > 0.05). In contrast, feed conversion ratio decreased with increasing dietary protein level up to 39%. Protein retention efficiency or protein efficiency ratio generally increased with increasing dietary protein level up to 39%, and then the value gradually decreased thereafter. Broken‐line regression analysis showed that the optimum dietary protein requirement for maximum weight gain of juvenile A. grahami under the experimental conditions was 38.6% (equivalent to ca. 33.0% estimated digestible protein).