bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a conceptual model of oral health for malocclusion patients
Authors: Masood Mohd , Masood Yaghma , Newton Tim , Lahti Satu 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
To provide an empirical test of the applicability of Locker's conceptual model of oral health for malocclusion patients, and to suggest alternative models of the effect of malocclusion on well-being.

Materials and Methods:
Data from a survey of 323 adolescents attending for orthodontic treatment were analyzed to develop a new oral health model for malocclusion patients. Oral health–related quality of life (OHRQoL) was measured using the 14-item Oral Health Impact Profile; malocclusion was measured using the Dental Health Component (DHC) of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN). Using structural equation modeling, the relationship between conceptual domains in Locker's model was explored and three models of their interrelationship tested for goodness of fit.

Results:
Fit indexes for Locker's model indicated that it did not fit the data well. Therefore, a modified model was developed to incorporate additional paths between other levels to better fit the data. The best fit was provided by a model in which the direct effects of malocclusion on pain, discomfort, and handicapping—and the direct effect of pain on disability—were removed. A direct effect of functional limitation on disability was allowed. The modified Oral Health Impact Profile model proved to be a good fit to the data (root mean square error of approximation  =  0.069).

Conclusion:
The pathways identified in Locker's (1988) conceptual model of oral health may not be appropriate for describing the relationships between OHRQoL constructs in individuals with malocclusion. An alternative model is proposed.
Should Sulfonylureas Remain an Acceptable First-Line Add-on to Metformin Therapy in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes? No, It’s Time to Move On!
Authors: Genuth Saul 
Published: December 2014

Since their introduction to clinical practice in the 1950s, sulfonylureas have been widely prescribed for use in patients with type 2 diabetes. Of all the other medications currently available for clinical use, only metformin has been used more frequently. However, several new drug classes have emerged that are reported to have equal glucose-lowering efficacy and greater safety when added to treatment of patients in whom metformin monotherapy is no longer sufficient. Moreover, current arguments also suggest that the alternative drugs may be superior to sulfonylureas with regard to the risk of cardiovascular complications. Thus, while there is universal agreement that metformin should remain the first-line pharmacologic therapy for those in whom lifestyle modification is insufficient to control hyperglycemia, there is no consensus as to which drug should be added to metformin. Therefore, given the current controversy, we provide a Point-Counterpoint on this issue. In the preceding point narrative, Dr. Abrahamson provides his argument suggesting that avoiding use of sulfonylureas as a class of medication as an add-on to metformin is not appropriate as there are many patients whose glycemic control would improve with use of these drugs with minimal risk of adverse events. In the counterpoint narrative below, Dr. Genuth suggests there is no longer a need for sulfonylureas to remain a first-line addition to metformin for those patients whose clinical characteristics are appropriate and whose health insurance and/or financial resources make an alternative drug affordable.
—William T. Cefalu
Editor in Chief, Diabetes Care
Effect of Ceramic Etching Protocols on Resin Bond Strength to a Feldspar Ceramic
Authors: Bottino MA , Snellaert A , Bergoli CD , Özcan M , Bottino MC , Valandro LF 
Published: December 2014

SUMMARY
This study sought to evaluate the resin microtensile bond strength (MTBS) stability of a leucite-reinforced ceramic after different ceramic etching protocols. The microtensile test had 40 ceramic blocks (5×5×6 mm) assigned to five groups (n=8), in accordance with the following surface etching protocols: NE nonetched (control); 9HF: hydrofluoric (HF) acid etching (9%HF)+wash/dry; 4HF: 4%HF+wash/dry; 5HF: 5%HF+wash/dry; and 5HF+N: 5%HF+neutralizer+wash/dry+ultrasonic-cleaning. Etched ceramic surfaces were treated with a silane agent. Next, resin cement blocks were built on the prepared ceramic surface and stored for 24 hours in distilled water at 37°C. The specimens were then sectioned to obtain microtensile beams (32/block), which were randomly assigned to the following conditions, nonaged (immediate test) and aged (water storage for 150 days plus 12,000 thermal cycles), before the microtensile test. Bond strength data were submitted to one-way analysis of variance and Tukey test (α=0.05). Additional ceramic samples were subjected to the different ceramic etching protocols and evaluated using a scanning electron microscope (n=2) and atomic force microscopy (n=2). Aging led to a statistically significant decrease in the MTBS for all groups, except the untreated one (NE). Among the groups submitted to the same aging conditions, the untreated (NE) revealed inferior MTBS values compared to the 9HF and 4HF groups. The 5HF and 5HF+N groups had intermediate mean values, being statistically similar to the higher values presented by the 9HF and 4HF groups and to the lower value associated with the NE group. The neutralization procedure did not enhance the ceramic/resin cement bond strength. HF acid etching is a crucial step in resin/ceramic bonding.
Influence of Etching Protocol and Silane Treatment with a Universal Adhesive on Lithium Disilicate Bond Strength
Authors: Kalavacharla VK , Lawson NC , Ramp LC , Burgess JO 
Published: December 2014

SUMMARY

Objectives
To measure the effects of hydrofluoric acid (HF) etching and silane prior to the application of a universal adhesive on the bond strength between lithium disilicate and a resin.

Methods and Materials
Sixty blocks of lithium disilicate (e.max CAD, Ivoclar Vivadent) were sectioned into coupons and polished. Specimens were divided into six groups (n=10) based on surface pretreatments, as follows: 1) no treatment (control); 2) 5% HF etch for 20 seconds (5HF); 3) 9.5% HF etch for 60 seconds (9.5HF); 4) silane with no HF (S); 5) 5% HF for 20 seconds + silane (5HFS); and 6) 9.5% HF for 60 seconds + silane (9.5HFS). All etching was followed by rinsing, and all silane was applied in one coat for 20 seconds and then dried. The universal adhesive (Scotchbond Universal, 3M ESPE) was applied onto the pretreated ceramic surface, air thinned, and light cured for 10 seconds. A 1.5-mm-diameter plastic tube filled with Z100 composite (3M ESPE) was applied over the bonded ceramic surface and light cured for 20 seconds on all four sides. The specimens were thermocycled for 10,000 cycles (5°C-50°C/15 s dwell time). Specimens were loaded until failure using a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. The peak failure load was used to calculate the shear bond strength. Scanning electron microscopy images were taken of representative e.max specimens from each group.

Results
A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) determined that there were significant differences between HF etching, silane treatment, and the interaction between HF and silane treatment (p&lt;0.01). Silane treatment provided higher shear bond strength regardless of the use or concentration of the HF etchant. Individual one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc analyses were performed for each silane group. Shear bond strength values for each etch time were significantly different (p&lt;0.01) and could be divided into significantly different groups based on silane treatment: no silane treatment: 0 HF &lt; 5% HF &lt; 9.5% HF; and RelyX silane treatment: 0 HF &lt; 5% HF and 9.5% HF.

Conclusions
Both HF and silane treatment significantly improved the bond strength between resin and lithium disilicate when used with a universal adhesive.
Procoagulant phospholipid concentration in canine erythrocyte concentrates stored with or without prestorage leukoreduction
Authors: Smith Stephanie A. , Ngwenyama Thandeka R. , O'Brien Mauria , Herring Jennifer M. , Corsi Rafaella , Galligan Alyssa , Beloshapka Alison N. , Deng Ping , Swanson Kelly S. , McMichael Maureen 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate canine erythrocyte concentrates (ECs) for the presence of procoagulant phospholipid (PPL), determine whether PPL concentration changes during the course of storage of ECs, and ascertain whether prestorage leukoreduction (removal of leukocytes via gravity filtration) reduces the development of PPL.
SAMPLE 10 whole blood units (420 g each) collected from 10 random-source, clinically normal dogs (1 U/dog).
PROCEDURES The dogs were randomized to 1 of 2 groups. Of the 10 whole blood units collected, 5 were processed through a standard method, and 5 underwent leukoreduction. Whole blood units were processed to generate ECs, from which aliquots were aseptically collected from each unit weekly for 5 weeks. Supernatants from the concentrates were evaluated for procoagulant activity, which was converted to PPL concentration, by use of an automated assay and by measurement of real-time thrombin generation.
RESULTS Supernatants from stored canine ECs contained procoagulant activity as measured by both assays. In general, the PPL concentration gradually increased during the storage period, but leukoreduction reduced the development of increased procoagulant activity over time.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The presence of PPL in canine ECs may be associated with procoagulant and proinflammatory effects in vivo, which could have adverse consequences for dogs treated with ECs.
Temporal and spatial dynamics of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection in the United States
Authors: Tousignant Steven J. P. , Perez Andres M. , Lowe James F. , Yeske Paul E. , Morrison Robert B. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To measure incidence and estimate temporal and spatial dynamics of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection in US sow herds.
ANIMALS 371 sow herds in the United States from 14 production companies.
PROCEDURES The exponentially weighted moving average was used to monitor incident PRRSV infections for onset of an epidemic. The spatial scan statistic was used to identify areas at significantly high risk of PRRS epidemics. A χ2 test was used to estimate whether there were significant differences in the quarterly and annual PRRS incidence among time periods, and a bivariable logistic regression model was used to estimate whether PRRSV infection during a given year increased the odds of that herd being infected in the following year.
RESULTS During the 4-year period of this study, 29% (91/319; 2009 to 2010), 33% (106/325; 2010 to 2011), 38% (135/355; 2011 to 2012), and 32% (117/371; 2012 to 2013) of the herds reported new infections. Weekly incidence was low during spring and summer and high during fall and winter. The exponentially weighted moving average signaled the onset of a PRRSV epidemic during the middle 2 weeks of October each year. Disease incidence was spatially clustered. Infection in the previous year increased the odds of infection in 2010 to 2011 and 2011 to 2012.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated a striking repeatability in annual PRRSV temporal and spatial patterns across 4 years of data among herds from 14 production companies, which suggested that efforts to control PRRSV at a regional level should continue to be supported.
Comparison among the euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp, insulin-modified frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test, and oral glucose tolerance test for assessment of insulin sensitivity in healthy Standardbreds
Authors: Pratt-Phillips Shannon E. , Geor Ray J. , McCutcheon L. Jill 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare, in horses, estimates of insulin sensitivity obtained from minimal model analysis (MMA) of a frequently sampled IV glucose tolerance test (FSIGTT) with estimates from the euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp (EHC) and to evaluate the validity of surrogate estimates of insulin sensitivity derived from an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).
ANIMALS 18 mature Standardbreds (mean ± SD body weight, 428.9 ± 35.9 kg; mean ± SD body condition score, 4.4 ± 1.0 [on a scale of 1 to 9]).
PROCEDURES All horses underwent at least 2 of the 3 procedures (EHC [n = 15], insulin-modified FSIGTT [18], and OGTT [18]) within a 10-day time frame to evaluate insulin sensitivity.
RESULTS Insulin sensitivity variables derived from the EHC and FSIGTT were strongly correlated (r = 0.88). When standardized to the same units of measure, these measures were still strongly correlated (r = 0.86) but were not equivalent. Area under the curve, peak insulin concentration, insulin concentration at 120 minutes, and 2 calculated indices from glucose and insulin data from the OGTT were significantly correlated with the EHC- and FSIGTT-derived estimates of insulin sensitivity.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE In healthy Standardbreds with moderate body condition score, insulin sensitivities from the EHC and FSIGTT were strongly correlated but not equivalent. Estimates derived from an OGTT also may be useful to estimate insulin sensitivity.
Minimally Invasive Dynamic Hip Screw Fixation for the treatment of stable Intertrochanteric Fractures of femur
Authors: Pandey Bimal Kumar , Rijal Kiran Prasad , Prasai Tanup , Panthi Sagar , Pradhan Rabindra Lal , Sharma Sashmit , Manandhar Rajeev Raj , Lakhey Shishir 
Published: December 2014

Background: Trochanteric fracture is the commonest fracture in elderly people. These fractures carry risks associated with prolonged immobility. Early fracture fixation allowing early mobilization of the patients is the aim of the treatment. Dynamic hip screw and plate remains the most common method for treating stable intertrochanteric fractures. Minimal invasive technique has advantages of less blood loss, minimal soft tissue dissection, early mobilization, lesser requirement of analgesics and shorter hospital stay.Objectives: The study was done to evaluate the amount of intraoperative blood loss, reduction of post operative haemoglobin, requirement of post-operative analgesics and days of postoperative hospital stay in the patients of stable intertrochanteric femur fracture treated with minimal invasive dynamic hip screw (MIDHS).Methods: Twenty-five cases of stable intertrochanteric fractures of femur were treated with minimal invasive Dynamichip screw technique. Average blood loss during surgery, reduction of postoperative haemoglobin, requirement of post-operative analgesics and total days of postoperative hospital stay were studied.Results: Mean intraoperative blood loss was 53 ml, mean reduction of postoperative haemoglobin was 0.9 gm/dl. Average wound size was of five cm. Postoperative analgesic requirement was twice a day in an average and for five days. Mean hospital stay after surgery was five days.Conclusion: Minimal invasive Dynamic hip screw is a safe technique having advantages of less blood loss, minimal soft tissue dissection, lesser requirement of post-operative analgesics and shorter hospital stay in treating stable intertrochanteric fractures.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jkmc.v2i4.11739 Journal of Kathmandu Medical CollegeVol. 2, No. 4, Issue 6, Oct.-Dec., 2013Page: 170-174
Kyphotic deformity in pott’s spine
Authors: Poudel Sushil 
Published: December 2014

Kyphotic deformity is a well-known complication in spinal tuberculosis patients. This deformity, which is seen in 15% of patients treated conservatively, progresses in two phases: Phase I, which includes the changes in the active phase, and Phase II, which includes changes after the disease is cured. Factors influencing deformity progression are severity of the angle before treatment, the level of the lesion, and age of the patient. Adults have an increase less than 30? during the active phase with no additional changes in the healed phase. During the growth spurt of the children, there is worsening of the deformity in 39% (Type I), an improvement in 44% (Type II), and no change in 17% (Type III). Spine-at risk radiologic signs aid in early identification of the children at risk of late progressive deformity. Surgery for preventing deformity must be done earlier rather than later and in patients with severe disease.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jkmc.v2i4.11790Journal of Kathmandu Medical CollegeVol. 2, No. 4, Issue 6, Oct.-Dec., 2013Page: 201-204
Gumperz et la justice sociale
Authors: Heller Monica 
Published: December 2014

L’œuvre de John Gumperz s’est caractérisée par une préoccupation pour la justice sociale. Cet article retrace la façon dont cette préoccupation s’est manifestée, par le biais de concepts comme la « situation-clé » ; et ce, dans des domaines de recherche axés sur les moments de sélection sociale dans les puissantes institutions de la nation. Il passe en revue certaines critiques faites à l’approche de Gumperz et portant sur la relation entre les différences sociales et les inégalités sociales, et certaines des réponses productives à ces critiques qui font de l’œuvre de Gumperz une contribution majeure à la sociolinguistique critique.
La construction des discours vocationnels comme support de légitimité dans le champ de l'intervention sociale
Authors: Iori Ruggero , Nicourd Sandrine 
Published: December 2014

La construction des discours vocationnels, mettant en jeu des croyances, opère principalement par trois registres de socialisation : la trajectoire biographique, la formation et les organisations du travail. Ces trois registres s’entrecroisent et donnent source à différentes formes de justification et d’ancrage à ces discours. L’engagement est fort dans le métier lorsqu’il y a convergence dans les relais biographique, professionnel et organisationnel. Or, actuellement, il y aurait un signe de reconfiguration des ressorts des modes d’implication. Les différents discours vocationnels sont plus liés à des raisons biographiques ou à des personnalités marquantes. Les référentiels politiques, organisationnels ou sociaux apparaissent peu explicitement pour justifier l’action.
Differential Expression of the Transcription Factor ARID3a in Lupus Patient Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells
Authors: Ratliff Michelle L. , Ward Julie M. , Merrill Joan T. , James Judith A. , Webb Carol F. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Although hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) are used for transplantation, characterization of the multiple subsets within this population in humans has lagged behind similar studies in mice. We found that expression of the DNA-binding protein, ARID3a, in mouse stem cells was important for normal development of hematopoietic lineages; however, progenitors expressing ARID3a in humans have not been defined. We previously showed increased numbers of ARID3a+ B cells in nearly half of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, and total numbers of ARID3a+ B cells were associated with increased disease severity. Because expression of ARID3a in those SLE patients occurred throughout all B cell subsets, we hypothesized that ARID3a expression in patient HSPCs might also be increased relative to expression in healthy controls. Our data now show that ARID3a expression is not limited to any defined subset of HSPCs in either healthy controls or SLE patients. Numbers of ARID3a+ HSPCs in SLE patients were increased over numbers of ARID3a+ cells in healthy controls. Although all SLE-derived HSPCs exhibited poor colony formation in vitro compared with controls, SLE HSPCs with high numbers of ARID3a+ cells yielded increased numbers of cells expressing the early progenitor marker, CD34. SLE HSPCs with high numbers of ARID3a+ cells also more readily generated autoantibody-producing cells than HSPCs with lower levels of ARID3a in a humanized mouse model. These data reveal new functions for ARID3a in early hematopoiesis and suggest that knowledge regarding ARID3a levels in HSPCs could be informative for applications requiring transplantation of those cells.
Atg7 Enhances Host Defense against Infection via Downregulation of Superoxide but Upregulation of Nitric Oxide
Authors: Li Xuefeng , Ye Yan , Zhou Xikun , Huang Canhua , Wu Min 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic bacterium that can cause serious infection in immunocompromised individuals. Although autophagy may augment immune responses against P. aeruginosa infection in macrophages, the critical components and their role of autophagy in host defense are largely unknown. In this study, we show that P. aeruginosa infection–induced autophagy activates JAK2/STAT1α and increases NO production. Knocking down Atg7 resulted in increased IFN-γ release, excessive reactive oxygen species, and increased Src homology-2 domain-containing phosphatase 2 activity, which led to lowered phosphorylation of JAK2/STAT1α and subdued expression of NO synthase 2 (NOS2). In addition, we demonstrated the physiological relevance of dysregulated NO under Atg7 deficiency as atg7−/− mice were more susceptible to P. aeruginosa infection with increased mortality and severe lung injury than wild-type mice. Furthermore, P. aeruginosa–infected atg7−/− mice exhibited increased oxidation but decreased bacterial clearance in the lung and other organs compared with wild-type mice. Mechanistically, atg7 deficiency suppressed NOS2 activity by downmodulating JAK2/STAT1α, leading to decreased NO both in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, these findings revealed that the JAK2/STAT1α/NOS2 dysfunction leads to dysregulated immune responses and worsened disease phenotypes.
Ruim baan voor co-mediation
Authors: van der Lans Lisette , van Teijlingen Anneke 
Published: December 2014

Make way for co-mediation
How to make co-mediation to a success. About managing expectations, securing confidentiality and clarifying the role of the mediator and co-mediator to everybody involved. Many very good examples of co-mediation can be found in neighbourhood mediation, cross border mediation in child obduction cases, mediation in local government and in a normal, general mediation office.Reasons to choose for co-mediation are: four eyes see more than two; you can give each other feedback; a starting mediator can gain experience without any risk for the client; when emotions get high, parties can be split up.
Reasons not to choose for co-mediation are: lower revenues for the mediator; problems with planning.
Causes of death and comparative mortality in Texas public mental health clients, 2006–2008
Authors: Reynolds Robert J. , Becker Emilie A. , Shafer Alan B. 
Published: December 2014

Seriously mentally ill patients are known to have rates of mortality much greater than those of the general population. Prior research in Texas has shown inpatient Public Mental Health Clients (PMHCs) treated in in-patient settings were subject to greatly increased mortality, but little is known about the mortality of PMHCs in an outpatient setting in Texas.
For this study outpatient service records for PMHCs treated in Texas were combined with death data from the Texas Department of State Health Services for 2006–2008. Frequencies of causes of death, age-adjusted death rates, standardized mortality ratios, and life expectancies were calculated from these data.
The most frequent causes of death were external causes, followed by circulatory disease, and then neoplasms. Examination of the outcomes suggests that substance abuse plays a major role in the mortality of PMHCs in Texas in the form of drug overdoses, tobacco-related cancers, and alcoholic liver disease. Prevention efforts should therefore aim at integrating mental health services, substance abuse services, and careful medical and pharmacological monitoring, including medication monitoring to prevent suicides and accidental overdoses.