bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptation and innovation: a grounded theory study of procedural variation in the academic surgical workplace
Authors: Apramian Tavis , Watling Christopher , Lingard Lorelei , Cristancho Sayra 
Published: June 2015

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesSurgical research struggles to describe the relationship between procedural variations in daily practice and traditional conceptualizations of evidence. The problem has resisted simple solutions, in part, because we lack a solid understanding of how surgeons conceptualize and interact around variation, adaptation, innovation, and evidence in daily practice. This grounded theory study aims to describe the social processes that influence how procedural variation is conceptualized in the surgical workplace.MethodUsing the constructivist grounded theory methodology, semi‐structured interviews with surgeons (n = 19) from four North American academic centres were collected and analysed. Purposive sampling targeted surgeons with experiential knowledge of the role of variations in the workplace. Theoretical sampling was conducted until a theoretical framework representing key processes was conceptually saturated.ResultsSurgical procedural variation was influenced by three key processes. Seeking improvement was shaped by having unsolved procedural problems, adapting in the moment, and pursuing personal opportunities. Orienting self and others to variations consisted of sharing stories of variations with others, taking stock of how a variation promoted personal interests, and placing trust in peers. Acting under cultural and material conditions was characterized by being wary, positioning personal image, showing the logic of a variation, and making use of academic resources to do so. Our findings include social processes that influence how adaptations are incubated in surgical practice and mature into innovations.ConclusionsThis study offers a language for conceptualizing the sociocultural influences on procedural variations in surgery. Interventions to change how surgeons interact with variations on a day‐to‐day basis should consider these social processes in their design.
Mitigating flood consequences: analysis of private flood insurance in Slovakia
Authors: Solín Ľ. , Madajová M. , Skubinčan P. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to obtain more detailed information about flood insurance in municipalities of Slovakia situated in headwater basins. Analysis of insurance data from the period 2002–2011 showed a dramatic decrease in flood insurance. We found that the declining social status of the municipality's inhabitants is accompanied by a decrease in flood insurance policies. Further analysis revealed an increase in the number of flood insurance policies, flood insurance events and claims, with an increasing frequency of the occurrence of third‐level flood emergencies in municipalities. However, this influence was not substantiated when it came to the flood hazard potential of given municipalities. On the other hand, a comparatively high number of flood insurance events when no third‐level flood emergencies have been announced indicates that a relatively significant part of flood insurance events is caused by other types of flooding other than river flooding.
Assessment of climate change impact on floods from a techno‐social perspective
Authors: Devkota R.P. , Bhattarai U. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractEffective adaptation measures require proper understanding of the impacts of climate change (CC) on the livelihood of the local people, especially the poor who are more vulnerable to CC. In this study, trend analysis of the climatic parameters (precipitation and temperature) was carried out using RClimDex complemented by household surveys and focus group discussions to assess perceptions of the local people towards CC, its indicators and effects in the West Rapti River Basin (WRRB) of Nepal. Observed increasing trend in the temperature throughout the basin and increasing precipitation trend in some parts of the basin while decreasing trends in others demonstrate a spatial variation of CC thus affecting livelihood of local people. Survey results in selected Village Development Committees of Banke and Dang districts within the WRRB showed that agriculture was the most vulnerable to such changes. People perceived increased frequency of heavy rainfall along with unusual rainfall pattern as major indicators of CC, which is likely to cause floods damaging agricultural and settlement areas. This research tried to quantify trends of climate parameters, and also identified and prioritised causes of floods and impacts based on the people's perception which help to design effective plans and programmes to reduce CC impacts. This interdisciplinary research provides an overall framework for deriving climate change impact analysis for a river basin in particular and other Nepalese river basins in general with similar socioeconomic, topographic, and climatic conditions.
Design hydrograph estimation in small and fully ungauged basins: a preliminary assessment of the EBA4SUB framework
Authors: Petroselli A. , Grimaldi S. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractDesign hydrograph estimation in small and ungauged basins is still a critical issue in hydrological studies. Although a great effort has been devoted to improving the knowledge on this topic in the last 10 years, some unresolved problems still limit the practitioners. Indeed, in small and ungauged watersheds located in areas where regionalisation analyses are not available, hydrologists still typically apply the rational formula. In a recent contribution, we proposed an event‐based framework illustrating its potential benefits over the widely used rational formula and underlining its tendency to be less sensitive and less subjective. In the present contribution, we present a preliminary assessment of the proposed framework, analysing its application to five watersheds for which enough observed data are available to provide an evaluation of the model's performance. Although the results confirm that the design hydrograph estimation in small and ungauged basins is affected by relevant errors and uncertainty, they also show that the proposed framework is promising for practical hydrology.
The Aging Brain Care Medical Home: Preliminary Data
Authors: LaMantia Michael A. , Alder Catherine A. , Callahan Christopher M. , Gao Sujuan , French Dustin D. , Austrom Mary G. , Boustany Karim , Livin Lee , Bynagari Bharath , Boustani Malaz A. 
Published: June 2015

The Aging Brain Care (ABC) Medical Home aims to improve the care, health outcomes, and medical costs of Medicare beneficiaries with dementia or depression across central Indiana. This population health management program, funded by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Innovation Center, expanded an existing collaborative dementia and depression care program to serve 1,650 older adults in a local safety‐net hospital system. During the first year, 20 full‐time clinical staff were hired, trained, and deployed to deliver a collaborative care intervention. In the first 18 months, an average of 13 visits was provided per person. Thirty percent of the sample had a diagnosis of dementia, and 77% had a diagnosis of depression. Sixty‐six percent of participants with high depression scores (Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 score ≥14) had at least a 50% reduction in their depressive symptoms. Fifty‐one percent of caregivers of individuals with dementia had at least a 50% reduction in caregiver stress symptoms (measured by the Healthy Aging Brain Care Monitor‐Caregiver Version). After 18 months, the ABC Medical Home has demonstrated progress toward improving the health of older adults with dementia and depression. Scalable and practical models like this show initial promise for answering the challenges posed by the nation's rapidly aging population.
Current approaches to enhance glutamate transporter function and expression
Authors: Fontana Andréia C. K. 
Published: June 2015

Abstractl‐glutamate is the predominant excitatory neurotransmitter in theCNSand has a central role in a variety of brain functions. The termination of glutamate neurotransmission by excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs) is essential to maintain glutamate concentration low in extracellular space and avoid excitotoxicity.EAAT2/GLT‐1, being the most abundant subtype of glutamate transporter in theCNS, plays a key role in regulation of glutamate transmission. Dysfunction ofEAAT2 has been correlated with various pathologies such as traumatic brain injury, stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, among others. Therefore, activators of the function or enhancers of the expression ofEAAT2/GLT‐1 could serve as a potential therapy for these conditions. Translational activators ofEAAT2/GLT‐1, such as ceftriaxone andLDN/OSU‐0212320, have been described to have significant protective effects in animal models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and epilepsy. In addition, pharmacological activators of the activity ofEAAT2/GLT‐1 have been explored for decades and are currently emerging as promising tools for neuroprotection, having potential advantages over expression activators. This review describes the current status of the search forEAAT2/GLT‐1 activators and addresses challenges and limitations that this approach might encounter.imageTermination of glutamate neurotransmission by glutamate transporter EAAT2 is essential to maintain homeostasis in the brain and to avoid excitotoxicity. Dysfunction of EAAT2 has been correlated with various neurological pathologies. Therefore, activators of the function or enhancers of the expression of EAAT2 (green arrows) could serve as a potential therapy for these conditions. This review describes the current status of the search for EAAT2 activators and addresses challenges and limitations of this approach.
2, 2′‐ and 4, 4′‐Cyanines are transporter‐independent in vitro dopaminergic toxins with the specificity and mechanism of toxicity similar to MPP+
Authors: Kadigamuwa Chamila C. , Le Viet Q. , Wimalasena Kandatege 
Published: June 2015

AbstractSpecific uptake through dopamine transporter followed by the inhibition of the mitochondrial complex‐I have been accepted as the cause of the specific dopaminergic toxicity of 1‐methyl‐4‐phenylpyridinium (MPP+). However, MPP+ is taken up into many cell types through other transporters, suggesting that, in addition to the efficient uptake, intrinsic vulnerability of dopaminergic cells may also contribute to their high sensitivity to MPP+ and similar toxins. To test this possibility, two simple cyanines were employed in a comparative study based on their unique characteristics and structural similarity to MPP+. Here, we show that they freely accumulate in dopaminergic (MN9D and SH‐SY5Y) as well as in liver (HepG2) cells, but are specifically and highly toxic to dopaminergic cells with IC50s in the range of 50–100 nM, demonstrating that they are about 1000‐fold more toxic than MPP+ under similar experimental conditions. They cause mitochondrial depolarization non‐specifically, but increase the reactive oxygen species specifically in dopaminergic cells leading to the apoptotic cell death parallel to MPP+. These and other findings suggest that the specific dopaminergic toxicity of these cyanines is due to the inherent vulnerability of dopaminergic cells toward mitochondrial toxins that lead to the excessive production of reactive oxygen species. Therefore, the specific dopaminergic toxicity of MPP+ must also be, at least partly, due to the specific vulnerability of dopaminergic neurons. Thus, these cyanines could be stronger in vivo dopaminergic toxins than MPP+ and their in vivo toxicities must be evaluated.
image
Here, we show that cationic lipophilic cyanines with structural similarity to 1‐methyl‐4‐phenylpyridinium (MPP+) freely accumulate non‐specifically, but only toxic to dopaminergic cells. They are 1000‐fold more toxic than MPP+ under similar conditions. They cause mitochondrial depolarization non‐specifically, but increase the ROS specifically in dopaminergic cells leading to the apoptotic cell death parallel to MPP+. Thus, the specific dopaminergic toxicity of MPP+ and related toxins could be due to the intrinsic vulnerability of dopaminergic cells toward mitochondrial oxidative stress.
Near‐infrared spectroscopy for intracoronary detection of lipid‐rich plaques to understand atherosclerotic plaque biology in man and guide clinical therapy
Authors: Erlinge D. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIschaemic heart disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. The common denominator for plaques causing acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is lipid accumulation, either as a lipid core or lipid pools. An intracoronary imaging device to detect lipid‐rich plaques (LRPs) could therefore identify most of the plaques causing ACS and sudden death. Near‐infrared spectroscopy combined with intravascular ultrasound (NIRS‐IVUS) is a promising new intracoronary imaging method that is able to specifically quantify lipid accumulation measured as the lipid core burden index (LCBI). NIRS‐IVUS is highly specific for the identification of ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and non‐ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) culprit plaques usually in the form of a circular LRP. NIRS‐IVUS may assist in defining the aetiology of coronary events. The effect of cholesterol‐lowering therapy on the lipid core can be measured in coronary plaques in patients, and NIRS‐IVUS may be a useful tool for drug development in phase II studies as a surrogate end‐point for future ACS. Plaques with a high LCBI have an increased risk of peri‐procedural events. NIRS‐IVUS can help to define the diameter and length of stents to avoid procedure‐related complications. Increased coronary LCBI predicts a higher risk of future cardiovascular events. Lipid core detection using NIRS may help to identify vulnerable plaques to treat them before they cause ACS or sudden death.
The Swedish CArdioPulmonary BioImage Study: objectives and design
Authors: Bergström G. , Berglund G. , Blomberg A. , Brandberg J. , Engström G. , Engvall J. , Eriksson M. , de Faire U. , Flinck A. , Hansson M. G. , Hedblad B. , Hjelmgren O. , Janson C. , Jernberg T. , Johnsson Å. , Johansson L. , Lind L. , Löfdahl C.‐G. , Melander O. , Östgren C. J. , Persson A. , Persson M. , Sandström A. , Schmidt C. , Söderberg S. , Sundström J. , Toren K. , Waldenström A. , Wedel H. , Vikgren J. , Fagerberg B. , Rosengren A. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractCardiopulmonary diseases are major causes of death worldwide, but currently recommended strategies for diagnosis and prevention may be outdated because of recent changes in risk factor patterns. The Swedish CArdioPulmonarybioImage Study (SCAPIS) combines the use of new imaging technologies, advances in large‐scale ‘omics’ and epidemiological analyses to extensively characterize a Swedish cohort of 30 000 men and women aged between 50 and 64 years. The information obtained will be used to improve risk prediction of cardiopulmonary diseases and optimize the ability to study disease mechanisms. A comprehensive pilot study in 1111 individuals, which was completed in 2012, demonstrated the feasibility and financial and ethical consequences of SCAPIS. Recruitment to the national, multicentre study has recently started.
Strategies of Legitimacy Through Social Media: The Networked Strategy
Authors: Castelló Itziar , Etter Michael , Årup Nielsen Finn 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTHow can corporations develop legitimacy when coping with stakeholders who have multiple, often conflicting sustainable development (SD) agendas? We address this question by conducting an in‐depth longitudinal case study of a corporation's stakeholder engagement in social media and propose the concept of a networked legitimacy strategy. With this strategy, legitimacy is gained through participation in non‐hierarchical open platforms and the co‐construction of agendas. We explore the organizational transition needed to yield this new legitimacy approach. We argue that, in this context, legitimacy gains may increase when firms are able to reduce the control over the engagements and relate non‐hierarchically with their publics. We contribute to the extant literature on political corporate social responsibility and legitimacy by providing an understanding of a new context for engagement that reconfigures cultural, network, and power relations between the firm and their stakeholders in ways that challenge previous forms of legitimation.
Who and What Really Counts? Stakeholder Prioritization and Accounting for Social Value
Authors: Hall Matthew , Millo Yuval , Barman Emily 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTResearch in stakeholder management has theorized extensively the prioritization of stakeholders as a key dynamic of firms’ value creation, but has paid less attention to the organizational practices involved in the process of deciding ‘who and what really counts.’ We examine changes underpinning managers’ prioritization of stakeholders and focus on how managers’ attention to salient stakeholders is represented and communicated in a firm's accounting and reporting system. We study the emergence and development of Social Return on Investment (SROI): an accounting methodology intended to permit managers both to incorporate stakeholders’ voices and to communicate the social value created by the firm for those stakeholders. We find that the ability of SROI to account for specific stakeholders, thus categorizing them as salient for the firm, is shaped by managers’ epistemic beliefs and by the organization's material conditions. Our findings contribute to stakeholder theory by showing that the prioritization of stakeholders is not solely a managerial decision, but instead is dependent on the construction of an appropriate accounting and reporting system, as shaped by managers’ epistemic beliefs and by the organization's material conditions.
Financializing Stakeholder Claims
Authors: Crane Andrew , Graham Cameron , Himick Darlene 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the role of accounting in assigning financial values to stakeholder claims. Stakeholder theorists have called for metrics managers can use to coordinate stakeholder claims. We argue that accounting already serves as the dominant example of such a tool, and that its role in measuring and representing stakeholder claims, and how those representations are used by stakeholders and managers, is not well understood. We suggest that accounting financializes stakeholder claims along three inductively‐developed dimensions, namely time, security, and priority. We analyse the case of pension accounting at General Electric to theorize concerning how these dimensions shape stakeholder claims and are used by stakeholders and managers to trade‐off claims, demarcate claimants into groups, and reconstruct claims during negotiations.
Institutional‐level bullying: Exploring workplace bullying during union organizing drives
Authors: Samnani Al‐Karim , Boekhorst Janet A. , Harrison Jennifer A. 
Published: June 2015

We investigated bullying behaviour within the context of trade union organizing drives. We conducted an archival search using the Ontario Labour Relations Board database, which yielded 146 cases over a 10‐year period. We found that the three core features of workplace bullying were present in 20 of these cases. Through a qualitative content analysis, we found a number of instances in which managers were reported to have repeatedly and persistently engaged in acts of bullying towards union organizers and supporters, intensified the hostility of these acts over time, and exploited their power through threats to job security and captive audience meetings. We also shed light on the role of observers of bullying behaviour and how observers may have distanced themselves from or concealed contact with the target.Practitioner points

Managers in organizations may resort to bullying behaviour during the organizing drive, which can produce fear among employees and result in significant legal consequences.

Bullying tends to start with subtle and indirect behaviours, but often escalates into more intense forms of bullying.

Senior management should ensure that managers and other employees in the organization understand the potential repercussions of their bullying behaviours.
An Alternative Design to Overcome the Problem of Unfavorable Implant Angulations for a Screw‐Retained, Implant‐Supported Fixed Prosthesis: Two Clinical Reports
Authors: Chatzistavrianou Despoina , Shahdad Shakeel 
Published: June 2015

AbstractTwo clinical reports present an alternative design to address the problem of unfavorable implant angulations if a screw‐retained prosthesis is desired. The restorations were designed as screw‐retained prostheses, except in the area with the unfavorable implant screw emergence. The frameworks in these areas were customized to receive individual cement‐retained crowns. This design offers retrievability and helps to minimize complications associated with excess cement without compromising the functional or esthetic outcome.
Characterization of Botryosphaeria dothidea and Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae from English Walnut in China
Authors: Li GuoQing , Liu FeiFei , Li JieQiong , Liu QianLi , Chen ShuaiFei 
Published: June 2015

AbstractChina is the largest walnut producer in the world, and walnut trees, especially English walnut, are widely distributed in the country. Species of Botryosphaeriaceae include important plant pathogens that can cause diseases on many tree crops including English walnut. Recently, disease symptoms caused by Botryosphaeriaceae were observed on English walnut branches or kernels from Beijing, Henan and Sichuan provinces in China. Based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses of the ITS rDNA sequences and translation elongation factor 1‐alpha (TEF‐1α) gene regions, Botryosphaeria dothidea and Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae were identified. Pathogenicity tests showed that both species are virulent to English walnut. To our knowledge, this is the first report of L. pseudotheobromae infecting English walnut in the world.
Valuable New Leaf or Inflorescence Resistances Ensure Improved Management of White Rust (Albugo candida) in Mustard (Brassica juncea) Crops
Authors: Barbetti Martin J. , Li Cai Xia , You Ming Pei , Singh Dhiraj , Agnihotri Abha , Banga Shashi K. , Sandhu Prabhjodh S. , Singh Rajender , Banga Surinder S. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractField resistances/susceptibilities against Albugo candida race 2V were determined for 29 Indian Brassica juncea varieties and compared with resistant varieties from China (6) and Australia (7). ‘Basanti’ (AUDPC incidence 46.7; AUDPC severity 29.2) represents the first high‐level resistance to race 2V in Indian varieties. Several others showed lower but still useful levels of resistance, including Narendra Ageti Rai‐4 (AUDPC incidence 150.6; AUDPC severity 66.8) and JM1 (AUDPC incidence 167.1; AUDPC severity 83.7). Highly susceptible Indian varieties had AUDPC incidence values >200 and severity >100. ‘Basanti’ had least stagheads/plant (0.32), while Narendra Ageti Rai‐4 had lowest % plants with stagheads (2.48). In contrast, almost half of Indian varieties had stagheads/plant >1 and % plants with stagheads >4, and >26 for ‘Kranti’. The resistance in ‘Basanti’ paves the way forward towards significantly improved white rust management in mustard in India. JM06011, JM06021, JR049 from Australia and CJB‐003 from China had zero leaf incidence. There were significant (P < 0.001) relationships between disease incidence with severity (R2 0.92), stagheads/plant (R2 0.69) and also % plants with stagheads (R2 0.60); between disease severity with stagheads/plant (R2 0.68) and also % plants with stagheads (R2 0.69); and between stagheads/plant with % plants with stagheads (R2 0.59).