bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental and four‐component relativistic DFT studies of tungsten carbonyl complexes
Authors: Demissie Taye B. , Kostenko Nataliya , Komorovsky Stanislav , Repisky Michal , Isaksson Johan , Bayer Annette , Ruud Kenneth 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe present a theoretical and experimental study of the structure and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) parameters of the pentacarbonyltungsten complexes of η1‐2‐(trimethylstannyl)‐4,5‐dimethylphosphinine, η2‐norbornene, and imidazolidine‐2‐thione. The three complexes have a pseudo‐octahedral molecular structure with the six ligands bonded to the tungsten atom. The η1‐2‐(trimethylstannyl)‐4,5‐dimethylphosphinine‐pentacarbonyl tungsten complex was synthesized for the first time. For all compounds, we present four‐component relativistic calculations of the NMR parameters at the Dirac–Kohn–Sham density functional level of theory using hybrid functionals. These large‐scale relativistic calculations of NMR chemical shifts and spin–spin coupling constants were compared with available experimental data, either taken from the literature or measured in this work. The inclusion of solvent effects modeled using a conductor‐like screening model was found to improve agreement between the calculated and experimental NMR parameters, and our best estimates for the NMR parameters are generally in good agreement with available experimental results. The present work demonstrates that four‐component relativistic theory has reached a level of maturity that makes it a convenient and accurate tool for modeling and understanding chemical shifts and indirect spin–spin coupling constants of organometallic compounds containing heavy elements, for which conventional non‐relativistic theory breaks down. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A convection–diffusion porous media model for moisture transport in polymer composites: Model development and validation
Authors: Chen Liangbiao , Chu Hsing‐Wei , Fan Xuejun 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTMoisture may cause many detrimental effects to polymers and their composites, thus inhibiting the applications of polymeric materials in hot and humid environments. In this article, a convection–diffusion porous media model is derived to better characterize rapid moisture transport in polymer composites at high temperatures. The model considers both continuum diffusion in solid and high‐pressure convection taking place in the pore network. Coupling of convection and diffusion is achieved by combining the law of conservation of mass, Darcy's law, the liquid–vapor chemical equilibrium, and the ideal gas law. The presented model is validated by conducting experimental tests on an epoxy compound. It is found that the proposed convection–diffusion model is more effective than diffusion‐only and convection‐only models for interpreting rapid desorption tests at high temperatures. A numerical study is also performed to predict maximum vapor pressure during a rapid heating process. Vapor pressure is found to be as high as 6.5 MPa at a heating rate of 10 K/s. It is concluded that the convection–diffusion model is able to capture both vapor dynamics and diffusion mechanism in porous polymeric materials, and can be potentially used to further investigate polymer‐moisture interactions. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2015, 53, 1440–1449
Thermal activation and temperature dependent PL and CL of Tb doped amorphous AlN and SiN thin films
Authors: Guerra J. Andres , Montañez Liz , Winnacker Albrecht , De Zela Francisco , Weingärtner Roland 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe effect of terbium (Tb) doping on the photoluminescence (PL) and cathodoluminescence (CL) spectra of amorphous aluminum nitride (a ‐AlN) and amorphous silicon nitride (a ‐SiN) thin films has been investigated for different temperature conditions. The samples were prepared by RF dual magnetron reactive sputtering technique with a Tb concentration of about ∼1 at% An enhancement of the light emission is obtained after thermal annealing treatments following the activation of luminescent centers. Furthermore, the Tb related integrated light emission intensity is reported exhibiting a continuous increase with the samples temperature well below thermal quenching for both materials. This behavior suggests a phonon assisted energy migration mechanism which contributes to the effective energy transfer from the matrix to the Tb ions. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Fanconi Anemia Mesenchymal Stromal Cells-Derived Glycerophospholipids Skew Hematopoietic Stem Cell Differentiation Through Toll-Like Receptor Signaling
Authors: Amarachintha Surya , Sertorio Mathieu , Wilson Andrew , Li Xiaoli , Pang Qishen 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) patients develop bone marrow (BM) failure or leukemia. One standard care for these devastating complications is hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. We identified a group of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs)-derived metabolites, glycerophospholipids, and their endogenous inhibitor, 5-(tetradecyloxy)−2-furoic acid (TOFA), as regulators of donor hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. We provided two pieces of evidence that TOFA could improve hematopoiesis-supporting function of FA MSCs: (a) limiting-dilution cobblestone area-forming cell assay revealed that TOFA significantly increased cobblestone colonies in Fanca−/− or Fancd2−/− cocultures compared to untreated cocultures. (b) Competitive repopulating assay using output cells collected from cocultures showed that TOFA greatly alleviated the abnormal expansion of the donor myeloid (CD45.2+Gr1+Mac1+) compartment in both peripheral blood and BM of recipient mice transplanted with cells from Fanca−/− or Fancd2−/− cocultures. Furthermore, mechanistic studies identified Tlr4 signaling as the responsible pathway mediating the effect of glycerophospholipids. Thus, targeting glycerophospholipid biosynthesis in FA MSCs could be a therapeutic strategy to improve hematopoiesis and stem cell transplantation. Stem Cells 2015;33:3382–3396
Luminescence of Salen Lanthanide Bimetallic Complexes: Dual Emission and Energy Transfer
Authors: Jia Rui , Gao Ting , Yang Yu , Sun Wenbin , Chen Ruoxi , Yan Pengfei , Hou Guangfeng 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe luminescence properties of the tetranuclear bimetallic lanthanide complexes Sm2Eu2 (1) and Eu2Tb2 (2), were compared with those of the analogous homometallic complexes [Sm4(μ3‐OH)2(salen)2(acac)6(CH3OH)2]·CH3OH (3) and [Eu4(μ3‐OH)2(salen)2(acac)6(CH3OH)2] (4) [H2salen = N, N′‐ethylenebis(salicylideneimine), Hacac = acetylacetonate]. X‐ray crystallographic analysis reveals that complexes 3 and 4 have planar tetranuclear structures. For the Eu2Tb2 configurational isomer, the TbIII ion in complex 2 mainly serves as a sensitizer. The quantum yields and lifetime measurements for 2 support the premise that Ln/Ln energy transfer occurs in such lanthanide bimetallic complexes, along with the usual ligand‐to‐metal triplet energy pathways. Complexes 3 and 4 exhibit the characteristic metal‐centered emission.
Syntheses, Crystal Structures, and Magnetic Properties of Two Cobalt Coordination Polymers Constructed From 1,3‐Bis(2,4‐dicarboxyphenyl) Benzene and Bis(imidazole) Linkers
Authors: Zhang Xiutang , Fan Liming , Fan Weiliu , Zhao Xian 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAbstract. The 3D cobalt(II) coordination polymers [Co1.5(HDDB)(1,4‐bib)1.5(H2O)]n (1), and {[Co2(DDB)(1,3‐bib)2(μ2‐H2O)]·H2O}n (2) were assembled by mixed‐ligand synthetic strategy [H4DDB = 1,3‐bis(2,4‐dicarboxyphenyl) benzene, 1,3‐bib = 1,3‐bis(1H‐imidazol‐4‐yl)benzene, and 1,4‐bib = 1,4‐bis(1H‐imidazol‐4‐yl)benzene]. Their structures were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses and further characterized by elemental analyses (EA), IR spectroscopy, powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD), and thermogravimetric (TG) analyses. Single X‐ray diffraction analysis reveals that complex 1 is an interestingly 3D (3,3.6)‐connected (63)4(65·88·102) net, and complex 2 is an unprecedented dinuclear [Co2(COO)(μ2‐H2O)] SBUs based 3D (3,6)‐connected (3·6·7)(32·43·54·63·7·82) net. Additionally, the magnetic properties of 2 were investigated.
Selective Template Removal by Thermal Depolymerization to Obtain Mesostructured Molybdenum Oxycarbide
Authors: Schieder Martin , Lunkenbein Thomas , Bojer Carina , Dulle Martin , vom Stein Julia , Auffermann Gudrun , Löbling Tina , Schöbel Judith , Schmalz Holger , Breu Josef 
Published: July 2015

Abstract The carbon content of mesostructured organic‐inorganic hybrid material of a cylindrical block copolymer template of poly(2‐vinylpyridine)‐block‐poly(allyl methacrylate) (P2VP‐b‐PAMA) and ammonium paramolybdate (APM) could be reduced by thermal depolymerization. By calcination in vacuo at 320 °C the PAMA core can be completely removed while the remaining P2VP brush preserves the mesostructure. The P2VP‐APM composite can then be carburized in‐situ to MoOxCy in a second pyrolysis step without any additional carbon source but P2VP. The molybdenum oxycarbide nanotubes obtained, form hierarchically porous non‐woven structures, which were tested as catalyst in the decomposition of NH3. They proved to be catalytically active at temperatures above 450 °C. The activation energy was estimated from an Arrhenius Plot to be 127 kJ·mol–1.
Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Optical Properties of AM2(OH)(SeO3)2 (A = Na, Rb; M = Mg, Zn)
Authors: Liu Yunsheng , Mei Dajiang , Xu Jingli , Wu Yuandong 
Published: July 2015

AbstractSodium magnesium selenite NaMg2(OH)(SeO3)2 and rubidium zinc selenite RbZn2(OH)(SeO3)2 were prepared by hydrothermal reactions. The crystal structures of the title compounds were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. NaMg2(OH)(SeO3)2 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pnma (no. 62) with lattice parameters a = 13.1919(10), b = 6.0415(4), c = 8.2182(6) Å, and Z = 4 and RbZn2(OH)(SeO3)2 crystallizes in the triclinic space group P$\bar{1}$ (no. 2) with lattice parameters a = 4.8698(5), b = 7.3446(8), c = 11.7796(12) Å, α = 82.554(3), β = 78.456(2), γ = 71.603(3)°,and Z = 2. The structure of NaMg2(OH)(SeO3)2 is a three‐dimensional framework consisting of edge‐sharing MgO6 octahedra and trigonal pyramidal SeO32– groups, whereas the structure of RbZn2(OH)(SeO3)2 is a two‐dimensional layers structure consisting of corner‐sharing [Zn2O7] dimers linked by trigonal pyramidal SeO32– groups. The compounds were characterized by the solid state UV/Vis/NIR diffuse reflectance, and FT‐IR spectroscopy.
Effect of Flexible Bis(Benzimidazole) Ligands on the Structures of Cobalt(II) Coordination Polymers Derived from 2,6‐Naphthalenedicarboxylic Acid
Authors: Yang Rui , Liu Guang Yong , Van Hecke Kristof , Cui Guang Hua 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe cobalt(II) coordination polymers{[Co(L1)(nda)]·2H2O}n (1) and [Co(L2)2(nda)]n (2), [L1 = 1,2‐bis(2‐methylbenzimidazol‐1‐ylmethyl)benzene, L2 = 1,4‐bis(5,6‐dimethylbenzimidazol‐1‐ylmethyl)benzene, H2nda = 2,6‐naphthalenedicarboxylic acid] were hydrothermally synthesized by self‐assembly of cobalt chloride with H2nda and different semi‐rigid bis(benzimidazole) derivatives and characterized by IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and X‐ray single‐crystal diffraction. Complex 1 displays a 2D layer with (4,4) topology, complex 2 exhibits a 1D infinite chain structure, both complexes were further packed into 3D and 2D supramolecular architectures by weak hydrogen bonding. The catalytic activities of the complexes for degradation of Congo red in a Fenton‐like process are presented. In addition, the electrochemical and electrocatalytical behavior of CPEs modified with both cobalt complexes (Co‐CPE) were investigated in detail.
Assessing population‐level response to interacting temperature and moisture stress
Authors: Oke Tobi A. , Wang Jian R. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractGreenhouse experiments have been pivotal to predicting the likely response of tree species to future climate. However, there are some common inadequacies in the inferences derived from many of the studies. Moisture and temperature effects are tightly coupled but in controlled experiments, only a few studies acknowledged the interacting nature of these factors. Furthermore, there is evidence that population‐level plasticity is relevant to plant survival in novel environments. We posit that an inference derived from response to a single climatic factor is likely incomplete and hypothesised that adaptive properties inherent in population‐level plasticity mediate plant growth in novel environments. We tested this hypothesis using a greenhouse experiment involving four populations of white birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh) grown under two temperatures and two moisture regimes. We examined variations in their photosynthetic rates (A), water‐use efficiency (WUE), water potential (ψpd) and stomatal conductance (gs). We also investigated variations in their height growths, height relative growth rates (RGRht), and biomass accumulations. Interaction of temperature and moisture was consistently significant for most of the traits. Contrary to expectation, population from cold climate had the highest growth in the high temperature treatments while a coastal population had the highest WUE in low water treatments and also showed greatest decline in growth responses. Some of the results also suggest that there is an overriding effect of phenotypic plasticity over local adaption in white birch. Collectively, the results underscore the growing awareness that populations would likely respond differently in the event of climate change.
Insights into the function of tegument proteins from the varicella zoster virus
Authors: Wang Wei , Cheng Tong , Zhu Hua , Xia NingShao 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Chickenpox (varicella) is caused by primary infection with varicella zoster virus (VZV), which can establish long-term latency in the host ganglion. Once reactivated, the virus can cause shingles (zoster) in the host. VZV has a typical herpesvirus virion structure consisting of an inner DNA core, a capsid, a tegument, and an outer envelope. The tegument is an amorphous layer enclosed between the nucleocapsid and the envelope, which contains a variety of proteins. However, the types and functions of VZV tegument proteins have not yet been completely determined. In this review, we describe the current knowledge on the multiple roles played by VZV tegument proteins during viral infection. Moreover, we discuss the VZV tegument protein-protein interactions and their impact on viral tissue tropism in SCID-hu mice. This will help us develop a better understanding of how the tegument proteins aid viral DNA replication, evasion of host immune response, and pathogenesis.
Weibull approach to brake pad wear analysis in the Nigerian market
Authors: Fono-Tamo R. S. , Osunbor O. O. , Koya O. A. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the wear properties of four brands of brake pad available in the Nigerian market. In particular, we assessed the tribo performance and service life of the brake pads. We purchased four commercial brands of brake pads used in light duty cars and coded them as AU, SN, TY and SM, respectively. A small piece of the brake pad lining materials was carefully chiseled from the back plates to obtain samples for the experiments. We conducted Brinell hardness tests using a tensometer and a pin-on-disc test rig to determine the coefficient of friction and the wear characteristics of the materials. We then correlated the wear on each set of brake pads with the running time and used Weibull’s equation to determine average service life. Sample TY exhibited the highest hardness value (29.09) and sample SN the lowest (10.05). The determined coefficients of friction ranged between 0.3–0.36, with sample AU exhibiting the lowest value and sample SM the highest. Sample SN showed the lowest wear rate of 3.53 × 109 g/min, while the wear rates of samples TY, AU, and SM were 5.64 × 108, 8.19 × 109, and 2.10 × 108 g/min, respectively. The relative service life of samples SN, TY, and AU were similar, with average values of 2778.09, 2725.41, and 2717.34 min, respectively, and SM had a relatively low service life (2017.82 min). We conclude that the overall performances of Nigerian brake pads do not meet all the specifications for friction materials used in road vehicle brake linings and pads.
Mental health problems and resilience in international adoptees: Results from a population‐based study of Norwegian adolescents aged 16–19 years
Authors: Askeland Kristin Gärtner , Hysing Mari , Aarø Leif Edvard , Tell Grethe S. , Sivertsen Børge 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe aim of the study was to investigate mental health and resilience in adolescents who have been internationally adopted and their non‐adopted peers and examine the potential interaction between adoption status and resilience on mental health problems. Data from the population based youth@hordaland‐survey, conducted in Hordaland County, Norway, in 2012 was used. In all, 10 257 adolescents aged 16–19 years provided self‐reported data on several mental health instruments. Of these, 45 adolescents were identified as internationally adopted. Adoptees reported more symptoms of depression, attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and perfectionism than non‐adopted adolescents, but there were no differences regarding resilience. Adolescents with higher resilience scores reported fewer symptoms of mental health problems, however, no interaction effects were found for adoption status and total resilience score on measures of mental health problems. Our findings indicate that knowledge of resilience factors can form the basis for preventive interventions.
ALIGNMENT OF EFFORT: RECRUITMENT INTO UNDERGRADUATE AGRICULTURAL AND APPLIED ECONOMICS PROGRAMS
Authors: ESPEY MOLLY , BOYS KATHRYN A. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractDespite high employment rates and starting salaries for qualified graduates of agribusiness, agricultural, and applied economics (AAAE) programs, several AAAE departments have experienced years of low enrollment. This study offers insight into how AAAE programs can more effectively market themselves and recruit undergraduate students through analysis of a nationwide survey of college and department personnel and a statewide survey of high school students. Findings reveal important differences between students’ preferred information and message sources and those currently used. Gaps in understanding of AAAE across administrative units are also identified. Specific program awareness, marketing, and student recruitment recommendations are offered.
A Survey of Caregiver Perspectives on Children’s Pain Management in the Emergency Department
Authors: Ali Samina , Weingarten Laura E. , Kircher Janeva , Dong Kathryn , Drendel Amy L. , Rosychuk Rhonda J. , Curtis Sarah , Newton Amanda S. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractObjectivesWe explored caregiver perspectives on their children’s pain management in both a pediatric (PED) and general emergency department (GED). Study objectives were to: (1) measure caregiver estimates of children’s pain scores and treatment; (2) determine caregiver level of satisfaction; and (3) determine factors associated with caregiver satisfaction.MethodsThis prospective survey examined a convenience sample of 97 caregivers (n=51 PED, n=46 GED) with children aged <17 years. A paper-based survey was distributed by research assistants, from 2009–2011.ResultsMost caregivers were female (n=77, 79%) and were the child’s mother (n=69, 71%). Children were treated primarily for musculoskeletal pain (n=41, 42%), headache (n=16, 16%) and abdominal pain (n=7, 7%). Using a 100 mm Visual Analog Scale, the maximum mean reported pain score was 75 mm (95% CI: 70–80) and mean score at discharge was 39 mm (95% CI: 32–46). Ninety percent of caregiver respondents were satisfied (80/89, 90%); three (3/50, 6%) were dissatisfied in the PED and six (6/39, 15%) in the GED. Caregivers who rated their child’s pain at ED discharge as severe were less likely to be satisfied than those who rated their child’s pain as mild or moderate (p=0.034).ConclusionsDespite continued pain upon discharge, most caregivers report being satisfied with their child’s pain management. Caregiver satisfaction is likely multifactorial, and physicians should be careful not to interpret satisfaction as equivalent to adequate provision of analgesia. The relationship between satisfaction and pain merits further exploration.
TABOO, HERMENEUTICAL INJUSTICE, AND EXPRESSIVELY FREE ENVIRONMENTS
Authors: Crerar Charlie 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTIn Epistemic Injustice (2007), Miranda Fricker has insightfully introduced the notion of a hermeneutical injustice, where historic conditions of marginalisation serve to deprive individuals of the appropriate hermeneutical resources with which to render significant patches of their experience fully intelligible to themselves and others. In this paper I draw attention to a shortcoming in Fricker's account: that the only hermeneutical resource she acknowledges is a shared conceptual framework. Consequently, Fricker creates the impression that hermeneutical injustice manifests itself almost exclusively in the form of a conceptual lacuna. Considering the negative hermeneutical impact of certain societal taboos, however, suggests that there can be cases of hermeneutical injustice even when an agent's conceptual repertoire is perfectly adequate. I argue that this observation highlights the need to expand Fricker's account to accommodate a wider range of hermeneutical resources and, in turn, a broader taxonomy of hermeneutical injustice. Specifically, my central case of a societal taboo presses the need to recognize as a valuable hermeneutical resource an expressively free environment, in which individuals can put their conceptual-interpretative resources to good hermeneutical effect.
BRITISH GOVERNMENTS, COLONIAL CONSUMERS, AND CONTINENTAL EUROPEAN GOODS IN THE BRITISH ATLANTIC EMPIRE, 1763–1775
Authors: CONWAY STEPHEN 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTThis article looks at the attempts made by British governments after the Seven Years War to reduce colonial consumption of continental European manufactures. It begins by sketching the pre-war background, focusing first on the availability of European goods in North America and the Caribbean and then on British debates about foreign commodity penetration of the Atlantic colonies. The next part charts the emergence after 1763 of a political consensus in London on the need to give British goods added advantage in American markets. The article goes on to suggest reasons for the forming of this consensus, and finally considers the success of the measures introduced by British governments to diminish colonial purchases of European products.
WHAT'S IN A NAME: ZHONGGUO (OR ‘MIDDLE KINGDOM’) RECONSIDERED
Authors: KWONG LUKE S. K. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTWestern writers have long criticized the Chinese term Zhongguo, translated as ‘Middle Kingdom’, for its ethnocentric purport. This article proposes to address this criticism by re-examining salient features of Zhongguo's etymological past. The discussion is divided into two parts. The first part offers an overview of the term's historical usage and argues that contrary to the common view, Zhongguo as applied to the imagined whole of Chinese political and cultural traditions or to any of its discrete period segments had not been employed primarily as an ethnocentric expression but as a simple identity label. The second part revisits a late Qing (c. 1861–1912) episode in which Chinese writers made a rare, if not unprecedented, attempt to dispute and, indeed, to reject the name in light of the foreign criticism. Though their arguments did not, in the end, alter how nationalists named the Chinese nation, these debates revealed a cultural posture that became prevalent as educated Chinese negotiated the crossroads of modernity.