bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk for esophageal neoplasia in Barrett's esophagus patients with mucosal changes indefinite for dysplasia
Authors: Horvath Bela , Singh Prabhdeep , Xie Hao , Thota Prashanthi N , Allende Daniela S , Pai Rish K , Patil Deepa T , Plesec Thomas P , Goldblum John R , Liu Xiuli 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackground and AimPatients with Barrett's esophagus (BE) are at increased risk for esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and therefore require surveillance. Biopsies are classified as indefinite for dysplasia (IND) when the significance of epithelial abnormalities is uncertain due to inflammation or sampling. Our aim was to characterize the neoplastic risk of IND in BE patients and to identify predictors of neoplastic risk.MethodsOur pathology database from 1992 to 2007 was searched for BE and IND. Progression rates were calculated and univariate analysis was performed to identify predictors for neoplasia progression in BE‐IND patients.ResultsAmong 85 patients who had a follow‐up (FU) biopsy within 1 year, 11 (12.9%) patients had prevalent neoplasia (seven low‐grade dysplasia [LGD], two high‐grade dysplasia [HGD], and two EAC). Among 82 patients who did not have prevalent neoplasia but had ≥ 1 year FU, 17 progressed to dysplasia (14 LGD, 3 HGD) and 2 developed EAC during a mean FU period of 59 months. The incidence of neoplasia (LGD, HGD, or EAC) and advanced neoplasia (HGD + EAC) was 4.5 and 1.2 cases per 100 patient‐years, respectively. Longer length of BE and multi‐focal IND on index biopsy were associated with progression to neoplasia.ConclusionPatients with BE‐IND carry a significant risk of harboring prevalent dysplasia, but the risk of incident dysplasia is similar to the general BE population. The length of BE and the multifocal IND might tentatively help to identify a patient subpopulation at higher risk of neoplastic progression before more definitive data becomes available.
Influence of segmentation on micro‐CT images of trabecular bone
Authors: TASSANI S. , KORFIATIS V. , MATSOPOULOS G. K. 
Published: August 2014

SummarySegmentation of biomedical images is of great importance in various studies aiming to both the identification of regions of interests within the image and the performance of quantified measurements. Nevertheless, the segmentation of the biomedical images represents a wide range of medical cases and there is not a unique technique applicable to all kinds of medical images.In this study, three popular techniques for segmenting micro‐CT images of bone microstructures are evaluated. Fixed threshold, Otsu's algorithm and a modified version of the Chan–Vese segmentation technique have been applied on micro‐CT images and have been compared to higher resolution golden standard, that is histological images. The modification of the Chan–Vese technique is based on the novel implementation of a new initialization process called the Branch Point Initialization. Stereological measurements were performed on all the segmented images and statistically compared to the golden standard. Fixed threshold and the modified Chan–Vese technique have shown comparable results, with a maximum significant error of about 10%. However, Chan–Vese showed an easier, faster and more reliable segmentation procedure for optimal settings identification. The Otsu's method showed a maximum error larger than 20%. Given the limits and advantages of the known segmentation techniques, the proposed modified Chan–Vese active contour technique shows high potential for use in the segmentation of micro‐CT images as well as in other high‐resolution X‐ray images. This potential is augmented by the recent introduction of high‐resolution clinical technologies for which standard techniques have already shown to be insufficient.
Text2Floss: the feasibility and acceptability of a text messaging intervention to improve oral health behavior and knowledge
Authors: Hashemian Tony S. , Kritz‐Silverstein Donna , Baker Ryan 
Published: August 2014

AbstractObjectiveText messaging is useful for promoting numerous health‐related behaviors. The Text2Floss Study examines the feasibility and utility of a 7‐day text messaging intervention to improve oral health knowledge and behavior in mothers of young children.MethodsMothers were recruited from a private practice and a community clinic. Of 156 mothers enrolled, 129 randomized into text (n = 60) and control groups (n = 69) completed the trial. Participants in the text group received text messages for 7 days, asking about flossing and presenting oral health information. Oral health behaviors and knowledge were surveyed pre‐ and post‐intervention.ResultsAt baseline, there were no differences between text and control group mothers in knowledge and behaviors (P > 0.10). Post‐intervention, text group mothers flossed more (P = 0.01), had higher total (P = 0.0006) and specific (P < 0.05) knowledge, and tried to improve their child's oral health behaviors (P = 0.03) and decrease their soda and sugary snacks (P = 0.05) more than control mothers. Text messages were accepted and perceived as useful.ConclusionsMothers receiving text messages improved their own oral health behaviors and knowledge as well as their behaviors regarding their children's oral health. Text messaging represents a viable method to improve oral health behaviors and knowledge. Its high acceptance may make it useful for preventing oral disease.
1,8-Cineole ameliorates oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation-induced ischaemic injury by reducing oxidative stress in rat cortical neuron/glia
Authors: Ryu Sangwoo , Park Hyeon , Seol Geun Hee , Choi In-Young 
Published: August 2014

Abstract

Objectives
1,8-Cineole, the main monoterpene in many essential oils, has been used as an ingredient in flavourings and medicine. 1,8-Cineole has been shown to possess pharmacological properties, including anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive actions. However, to date, no studies have examined the potential of 1,8-cineole to protect against cerebral ischaemic injury.

Methods
In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of 1,8-cineole against cortical neuronal/glial cell injury caused by oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) in an in-vitro model of ischaemia.

Key findings
1,8-Cineole significantly attenuated OGD/R-induced cortical cell injury, as well as reduced n-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)-induced cell injury. However, it did not inhibit NMDA-induced cytosolic calcium overload. Nevertheless, 1,8-cineole significantly reduced the OGD/R- and NMDA-induced overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These results indicate that 1,8-cineole exerts neuroprotection through its anti-oxidative rather than its anti-excitotoxic, properties. The decrease in OGD/R-induced intracellular superoxide in 1,8-cineole-treated cortical cells was associated with the upregulation of superoxide dismutase activity. Moreover, 1,8-cineole showed direct ROS scavenging activity in an assay of oxygen radical absorbance capacity.

Conclusion
Collectively, these results suggest 1,8-cineole as a potentially effective neuroprotective and anti-oxidative candidate for the treatment of patients with ischaemic stroke.
Frequency, Reasons for, and Perceptions of Lubricant Use among a Nationally Representative Sample of Self-Identified Gay and Bisexual Men in the United States
Authors: Dodge Brian , Schick Vanessa , Herbenick Debby , Reece Michael , Sanders Stephanie A. , Fortenberry J. Dennis 
Published: August 2014

Abstract

Introduction
Few previous studies have examined lubricant use among gay and bisexual men outside the context of human immunodeficiency virus risk reduction associated with condom use during penile–anal intercourse and the potential use of lubricants to deliver rectal microbicides. The vast majority of studies examining lubricant use among gay and bisexual men have employed convenience sampling strategies for participant recruitment. Additionally, most studies have collapsed gay men and bisexual men into one category of “gay and bisexual men.”

Aims
This study aimed to provide overall rates of lubricant use and related factors among a nationally representative sample of self-identified gay and bisexual men. Frequencies of lubricant use, reasons for using lubricant, and perceptions of lubricant use were examined separately for subsamples of both gay and bisexual men.

Methods
Data were from the 2012 National Survey of Sexual Health and Behavior, which involved the administration of an online questionnaire to a nationally representative probability sample of women and men in the United States aged 18 and older, and we oversampled self-identified gay and bisexual men and women; the results from male participants are included in this article.

Main Outcome Measures
Measure included demographic characteristics, recent and lifetime commercial lubricant use, lubricant use during specific sexual behaviors, frequency of lubricant use, and reasons for lubricant use during sexual activity.

Results
Over 90% of both gay and bisexual male participants reported lifetime lubricant use. Use was most common during partnered sexual activities, particularly among men aged 25–29 years old. The most commonly reported reasons for lubricant use included to increase comfort during anal intercourse, curiosity, and to make sex more comfortable.

Conclusions
Most gay and bisexual men in the United States have used lubricant to enhance a wide range of sexual activities, including but not limited to anal intercourse. Findings from this study will be of utility to clinicians and other health practitioners who seek to understand and promote sexual health among gay and bisexual men and other traditionally underserved public health populations.
On units of Analysis and Creativity Theory: Towards a “Molecular” Perspective
Authors: Glăveanu Vlad Petre 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThis article addresses the issue of units of analysis and atomistic models in psychology taking creativity research as a case study. A classic typology in this area, initially proposed byRhodes (1961), distinguishes between the fourP's of creativity: person, process, product, and press (environment). Continuing an effort to rewrite this basic language of the discipline from a cultural psychological perspective in the form of five A's (actor, audience, action, artefact, affordances), the discussion here focuses on bringing relationships to the fore within this framework and problematising strict distinctions between each of the five elements. A closer look at the five A's of creativity, drawing on theoretical considerations and illustrated by interviews with creators working in different domains, reveals the permeable borders surrounding these units and challenges clear divisions between actors and audiences, action and artefacts, actors and artefacts. In the end, it is argued that creative phenomena cannot be properly understood and studied outside of their integrated and dynamic totality defined as a creativity complex. Implications of adopting this “molecular” perspective for theory and methodology are discussed.
Understanding factors, outcomes and reasons for loss to follow‐up among women in Option B+ PMTCT programme in Lilongwe, Malawi
Authors: Tweya Hannock , Gugsa Salem , Hosseinipour Mina , Speight Colin , Ng'ambi Wingston , Bokosi Mphatso , Chikonda Janet , Chauma Annie , Khomani Patricia , Phoso Malocho , Mtande Tiwonge , Phiri Sam 
Published: August 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo assess factors, outcomes and reasons for loss to follow‐up (LTFU) among pregnant and breastfeeding women initiated on a lifelong antiretroviral therapy (ART) for PMTCT in a large antenatal clinic in Malawi.MethodsWe identified all pregnant and breastfeeding women who were initiated on ART between September 2011 and September 2013 and had missed their clinic appointment by at least 3 weeks at Bwaila Hospital, the largest antenatal clinic in Malawi. These women were traced by phone or home visits. Their true status and reasons for ART discontinuation were documented during tracing.ResultsA total of 2930 women started ART for PMTCT; 2458 (84%) pregnant and 472 (16%) breastfeeding, of which, 577 (20%) missed a scheduled clinic appointment. LTFU was associated with younger age, being pregnant, and earlier year of ART initiation. We successfully traced 229 (40%), of whom, 10 (4%) had died. Of the 219 women found alive, 118 (54%) had stopped taking ARV drugs, 67 (30%) had self‐transferred to another ART clinic, 13 (6%) had collected drugs from other sources, 9 (4%) had treatment interruptions and 12 (5%) had other outcomes. Reasons cited for stopping ART were travel (38%), lack of transport money (16%), not understanding the initial ARV education session (10%), being too weak/sick (10%), ARV side effects (10%) and other reasons.ConclusionApproximately half of the women who were traced were taking ARVs. The study emphasises the need for enhanced post‐test counselling strategies, ongoing psychosocial support, provision of incentives and further decentralisation efforts of PMTCT services.
Review of Residual Stress Modification Techniques for Extending the
Fatigue Life of Metallic Aircraft Components
Authors: Sticchi M. , Schnubel D. , Kashaev N. , Huber N. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
A major challenge for the aircraft industry in the future will be the development of effective strategies for maintaining and extending the service life of aging aircraft fleet. In this context, residual-stress-based approaches for extending the fatigue life of aircraft components are believed to have great potential for providing cost-effective solutions. This paper reviews residual-stress-based life extension techniques and published work on the use of these techniques in aerospace applications. The techniques reviewed include cold expansion, shot peening, laser shock peening, deep rolling, and heating. Comparisons of the various techniques with regard to current applications and limitations are given.
Navigating the Maize between Red Meat and Oncomirs
Authors: Thompson Patricia A. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
High red meat consumption is associated with increased risk of colorectal cancer. Various mechanisms have been proposed, including mutagenesis, alterations of the gut microbiome, and effects on local immunity and inflammation. This lack of well-defined mechanistic explanations for diet and cancer associations coupled with our inability to derive causal inferences from population-based studies allows us to rationalize that burger we ate at lunch or that steak we ate at dinner. The preparation and consumption of red meat is a major social and dining pleasure in the Western culture, so there is resistance to concern ourselves with the cancer risk associated with red meat. In fact, advertisements do not add a rapid-fire statement that consumption of more than half a portion of red meat per day has been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, and even death, because these data are not from randomized controlled trials? Would we heed a warning if there was evidence that burgers and steaks induced the expression of small noncoding RNAs that inhibit the expression of tumor-suppressor genes in our enterocytes? What level of evidence is necessary to convince ourselves that a dietary exposure is sufficiently causal to put a warning label on it? How do we experimentally obtain such evidence? If we knew the mechanism, perhaps we could modify the risk sufficiently such that we can have our steak and eat it too—without the warnings. Cancer Prev Res; 7(8); 777–80. ©2014 AACR.
A Probabilistic Approach to Adaptive Covariance Localization for Serial Ensemble Square Root Filters
Authors: Zhen Yicun , Zhang Fuqing 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
This study proposes a variational approach to adaptively determine the optimum radius of influence for ensemble covariance localization when uncorrelated observations are assimilated sequentially. The covariance localization is commonly used by various ensemble Kalman filters to limit the impact of covariance sampling errors when the ensemble size is small relative to the dimension of the state. The probabilistic approach is based on the premise of finding an optimum localization radius that minimizes the distance between the Kalman update using the localized sampling covariance versus using the true covariance, when the sequential ensemble Kalman square root filter method is used. The authors first examine the effectiveness of the proposed method for the cases when the true covariance is known or can be approximated by a sufficiently large ensemble size. Not surprisingly, it is found that the smaller the true covariance distance or the smaller the ensemble, the smaller the localization radius that is needed. The authors further generalize the method to the more usual scenario that the true covariance is unknown but can be represented or estimated probabilistically based on the ensemble sampling covariance. The mathematical formula for this probabilistic and adaptive approach with the use of the Jeffreys prior is derived. Promising results and limitations of this new method are discussed through experiments using the Lorenz-96 system.
Operational definitions of asthma in recent epidemiological studies are inconsistent
Authors: Sá‐Sousa Ana , Jacinto Tiago , Azevedo Luís Filipe , Morais‐Almeida Mário , Robalo‐Cordeiro Carlos , Bugalho‐Almeida António , Bousquet Jean , Fonseca João Almeida 
Published: August 2014

AbstractObjectiveThe best combination of questions to define asthma in epidemiological asthma studies is not known. We summarized the operational definitions of asthma used in prevalence studies and empirically assess how asthma prevalence estimates vary depending on the definition used.MethodsWe searched the Thomson Reuters ISI Web of knowledge and included (1) cross‐sectional studies (2) on asthma prevalence (3) conducted in the general population and (4) containing an explicit definition of asthma. The search was limited to the 100 most‐cited papers or published since January 2010. For each paper, we recorded the asthma definition used and other variables. Then we applied the definitions to the data of the Portuguese National Asthma survey (INAsma) and of the 2005–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) computing asthma prevalence estimates for the different definitions.ResultsOf 1738 papers retrieved, 117 were included for analysis. Lifetime asthma, diagnosed asthma and current asthma were defined in 8, 12 and 29 different ways, respectively. By applying definitions of current asthma on INAsma and NHANES data, the prevalence ranged between 5.3%‐24.4% and 1.1%‐17.2%, respectively.ConclusionsThere is considerable heterogeneity in the definitions of asthma used in epidemiological studies leading to highly variable estimates of asthma prevalence. Studies to inform a standardized operational definition are needed. Meanwhile, we propose a set of questions to be reported when defining asthma in epidemiological studies.
Perception of fattening foods in Italian children and adolescents
Authors: Toselli Stefania , Brasili Patricia , Di Michele Rocco , Spiga Federico 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The present study aimed to analyze, in Italian children and adolescents, the beliefs about which foods are fattening, the appreciation of fattening foods, and the perception of some socio-cultural attributes of them. 244 children (F: 125, M: 119, aged 8–11) and 305 adolescents (F: 153; M: 152, aged 11–14) from Bologna, Northern Italy, were asked to indicate five fattening foods. For each of the indicated foods, a yes-no answer was required to the question: “is this food special for you?”, and to six questions concerning socio-cultural attributes of the food, which were modelled using a latent variable with two classes named “traditional” and “modern”. Pearson’s chi square tests revealed, both in boys and girls, significant associations between the age class and the foods indicated as fattening: lean meat, condiments, non-sweet fruit and vegetables were more often indicated as fattening by children than by adolescents. Overall, boys showed higher appreciation and perception of fashionability of fattening foods. Girls appreciated less bread and pasta, and indicated more often than boys these foods as fattening. The different food perception of between age classes and sexes can be respectively explained by a better dietary awareness of adolescents, and by girls worrying about their look more than boys.
Intermolecular Aryl Ligands Transfer of the Diarylplatinum(II) Complexes with a Cyclooctadiene Ligand
Authors: Yoshigoe Yusuke , Suzaki Yuji , Osakada Kohtaro 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
An equimolar mixture of diarylplatinum(II) complexes, [PtPh2(cod)] and [Pt(C6H4F)2(cod)] (cod: 1,5-cyclooctadiene), is turned into an unsymmetrical diaryl complex, [PtPh(C6H4F)(cod)], upon heating at 50 °C via intermolecular aryl ligand exchange. The reaction occurs reversibly to afford an equilibrated mixture of the complexes.
Vapor-phase Catalytic Dehydration of 2,3-Butanediol into 3-Buten-2-ol over Sc2O3
Authors: Duan Hailing , Yamada Yasuhiro , Sato Satoshi 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Vapor-phase catalytic dehydration of 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BDO) was investigated over rare earth oxide (REO) catalysts as well as In2O3. In the dehydration of 2,3-BDO, 3-buten-2-ol (3B2OL) was produced together with 3-hydroxy-2-butanone (3H2BO), butanone (MEK), 2-methylpropanal (IBA), 2-methyl-1-propanol (IBO), etc. Sc2O3 and In2O3 showed higher 3B2OL selectivities than other REOs. In particular, Sc2O3 converted 2,3-BDO into 3B2OL with an excellent selectivity of 85.0% at 99.9% conversion.
Caring for hepatitis B
Authors: Peate Ian , Jones Noleen 
Published: August 2014

This article provides an overview of hepatitis and concentrates predominantly on hepatitis B (HBV); this infection is of a global concern. The healthcare assistant and assistant practitioner (HCA and AP) need to understand the function of the liver and the cause of this condition if they are to offer care in a confident and competent manner. An overview of the liver and its functions is presented, and a discussion of hepatitis is given. The signs and symptoms of chronic hepatitis B are described; the investigations and tests needed to make a diagnosis and the various treatment options are discussed. The use of hepatitis B vaccination and who should be vaccinated are outlined. A glossary of terms is included.
Premixed Combustion of Kapok (ceiba pentandra) seed oil on Perforated Burner
Authors: Wirawan I.K.G. , Wardana I.N.G. , Soenoko Rudy , Wahyudi Slamet 
Published: August 2014

Availability of fossil fuels in the world decrease gradually due to excessive fuel exploitation. This situations push researcher to look for alternative fuels as a source of renewable energy, one of them is kapok (ceiba pentandra) seed oil. The aim this study was to know the behavior of laminar burning velocity, secondary Bunsen flame with open tip, cellular and triple flame. Premixed combustion of kapok seed oil was studied experimentally on perforated burner with equivalence ratio (φ) varied from 0.30 until 1.07. The results showed that combustion of glycerol requires a large amount of air so that laminar burning velocity (SL) is the highest at very lean mixture (φ =0.36) in the form of individual Bunsen flame on each of the perforated plate hole. Perforated and secondary Bunsen flame both reached maximum SL similar with that of ethanol and higher than that of hexadecane. Slight increase of φ decreases drastically SL of perforated and secondary Bunsen flame. When the mixture was enriched, secondary Bunsen and perforated flame disappears, and then the flame becomes Bunsen flame with open tip and triple flame (φ = 0.62 to 1.07). Flame was getting stable until the mixture above the stoichiometry. Being isolated from ambient air, the SL of perforated flame, as well as secondary Bunsen flame, becomes equal with non-isolated flame. This shows the decreasing trend of laminar burning velocity while φ is increasing. When the mixture was enriched island (φ = 0.44 to 0.48) and petal (φ = 0.53 to 0.62) cellular flame take place. Flame becomes more unstable when the mixture was changed toward stoichiometry.