bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative analysis of water quality index and river classification in Kereh River, Penang, Malaysia: Impact of untreated swine wastewater from Kampung Selamat pig farms
Authors: Waras Maisarah Nasution , Zabidi Muhammad Azrul , Ismail Zikrullah , Sangaralingam Mageswari , Gazzali Amirah Mohd , Harun Mohammad Syamsul Reza , Aziz Mohd Yusmaidie , Mohamed Rafeezul , Najib Mohd Nadzri Mohd 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe Kereh River in Penang, Malaysia, has faced severe pollution for over 40 years due to untreated wastewater from swine farms in Kampung Selamat, discharged via stormwater drains. Despite official claims that all 77 swine farms treat their wastewater to meet regulatory standards, local non‐governmental organizations and villagers have challenged this, though their concerns lack scientific backing. This study evaluates the river's water quality by analyzing samples from upstream (US), midstream (MS), and downstream (DS), and from Parit Cina‐Parit Besar, a conduit for untreated swine wastewater. Fourteen parameters were measured against Malaysia's National Water Quality Standards (NWQS). Significant differences were found in six parameters: ammonium nitrogen (AN), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), dissolved oxygen (DO), total suspended solids (TSS), and oil and grease (OG). While Dunn's post hoc pairwise comparison showed no significant differences among river segments, mean values indicated increased pollution downstream, particularly after the convergence with untreated swine wastewater. River classification worsened, with water quality index dropping from 69.88 ± 11.37 score (Class III) US to 38.49 ± 12.74 and 50.44 ± 3.14 scores (Class IV) MS and downstream, respectively. A significant positive correlation between E. coli and AN (r = 0.71, p < 0.01) suggests a common point source pollutant, particularly the untreated swine wastewater. The river exhibits low oxygen levels and high organic matter and nutrient concentrations, especially MS and downstream, highlighting substantial ecological and public health risks. Effective enforcement of waste treatment regulations and enhanced monitoring are crucial for mitigating pollution and restoring the river's ecosystem. Collaboration between authorities and pig farmers is essential to improve water quality and maintain the river's ecological balance.Practitioner points
Severe Kereh River pollution: Untreated swine wastewater from Kampung Selamat pig farms, primarily via Parit Cina‐Parit Besar, has degraded the river for over 40 years.
Regulatory non‐compliance: Despite official claims, untreated swine wastewater continues to pollute the river, challenging regulatory standards.
Significant pollution indicators: Elevated levels of AN, BOD, COD, DO, TSS, OG, and E. coli signal severe pollution midstream and downstream.
Water quality index drop: WQI scores classify midstream and downstream sections as polluted, indicating worsening conditions downstream.
Urgent need for action: Enforcing regulations, improving wastewater treatment, and relocating pig farms are crucial for restoring the Kereh River.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Optical Properties of a New Quaternary Tin Polychalcogenide K2BaSnSe5
Authors: Shi Jinlong , Sun Mengran , Li Chunxiao , Yao Jiyong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractOne new quaternary tin polychalcogenide K2BaSnSe5 has been synthesized by high temperature solid‐state reaction. It crystallizes in the centrosymmetric space group P21/c of the monoclinic system with cell constants a=11.948(2) Å, b=10.367(2) Å, c=9.2902(19) Å, β=91.33(3)°, and V=1150.4(4) Å3. The compound features an interesting zero‐dimensional structure consisting of SnSe5 units, made up of SnSe4 tetrahedra and [Se2] unit, with K+, Ba2+ cations locating in the interstitial sites for charge‐balance. Diffuse reflectance spectrum indicates semiconducting property with an optical band gap of 1.45 eV. Theoretical calculations demonstrate that the band gap of the title compound is determined by [SnSe5] units, and the title compound has a large birefringence of 0.28 at wavelength 1.06 μm, which implies that K2BaSnSe5 may be an intriguing photoelectronic material.
Loop blow-up inflation
Authors: Bansal Sukṛti , Brunelli Luca , Cicoli Michele , Hebecker Arthur , Kuespert Ruben 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We present a new model of string inflation driven by a blow-up Kähler modulus of type IIb compactifications with a potential generated by string loops. Slow-roll is naturally realized thanks to the fact that the blow-up mode is a leading-order flat direction lifted by string loops which are unavoidable and generate a plateau at large field values. We check that throughout the whole inflationary dynamics the effective field theory is under control. We perform a phenomenological analysis determining the exact number of efoldings by studying the post-inflationary evolution. We determine the values of the microscopic parameters which lead to agreement with CMB data, together with the prediction of a tensor-to-scalar ratio of order r ∼ 10−5.
Infrared finite scattering theory: scattering states and representations of the BMS group
Authors: Prabhu Kartik , Satishchandran Gautam 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Any non-trivial scattering with massless fields in four spacetime dimensions will generically produce an “out” state with memory which gives rise to infrared divergences in the standard S-matrix. To obtain an infrared-finite scattering theory, one must suitably include states with memory. However, except in the case of QED with massive charged particles, asymptotic states with memory that have finite energy and angular momentum have not been constructed for more general theories (e.g. massless QED, Yang-Mills and quantum gravity). To this end, we construct direct-integral representations over the “Lorentz orbit” of a given memory and classify all “orbit space representations” that have well-defined energy and angular momentum. We thereby provide an explicit construction of a large supply of physical states with memory as well as the explicit action of the BMS charges all states. The construction of such states is a key step toward the formulation of an infrared-finite scattering theory. While we primarily focus on the quantum gravitational case, we outline how the methods presented in this paper can be applied to obtain representations of the Poincaré group with memory for more general quantum field theories.
Chaotic LLM billiards
Authors: Berenstein David , Maderazo Elliot , Mancilla Robinson , Ramírez Anayeli 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We study null geodesics of the ten-dimensional LLM geometries. In particular, we show that there are a subset of these null geodesics that are confined to the LLM plane. The effective dynamics of these in-plane geodesics is that of a Hamiltonian system with two degrees of freedom (a phase space of dimension 4). We show that these are chaotic. In the two-coloring of the LLM plane, if they start in the empty region, they cannot penetrate the filled region and viceversa. The dynamical problem is therefore very similar to that of a billiards problem with fixed obstacles. We study to what extent LLM geometries with many droplets may be treated as an incipient black hole and draw analogies with the fuzzball proposal. We argue that for in-plane null geodesics deep in the interior of a region with a lot of droplets, in order to exit towards the AdS boundary they will need to undergo a process that resembles diffusion. This mechanism can account for signals getting lost in the putative black hole for a very long time.
IER3IP1-mutations cause microcephaly by selective inhibition of ER-Golgi transport
Authors: Anitei Mihaela , Bruno Francesca , Valkova Christina , Dau Therese , Cirri Emilio , Mestres Iván , Calegari Federico , Kaether Christoph 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMutations in the IER3IP1 (Immediate Early Response-3 Interacting Protein 1) gene can give rise to MEDS1 (Microcephaly with Simplified Gyral Pattern, Epilepsy, and Permanent Neonatal Diabetes Syndrome-1), a severe condition leading to early childhood mortality. The small endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-membrane protein IER3IP1 plays a non-essential role in ER-Golgi transport. Here, we employed secretome and cell-surface proteomics to demonstrate that the absence of IER3IP1 results in the mistrafficking of proteins crucial for neuronal development and survival, including FGFR3, UNC5B and SEMA4D. This phenomenon correlates with the distension of ER membranes and increased lysosomal activity. Notably, the trafficking of cargo receptor ERGIC53 and KDEL-receptor 2 are compromised, with the latter leading to the anomalous secretion of ER-localized chaperones. Our investigation extended to in-utero knock-down of Ier3ip1 in mouse embryo brains, revealing a morphological phenotype in newborn neurons. In summary, our findings provide insights into how the loss or mutation of a 10 kDa small ER-membrane protein can cause a fatal syndrome.
Punctually presented structures II: comparing presentations
Authors: Dorzhieva Marina , Downey Rodney , Hammatt Ellen , Melnikov Alexander G. , Ng Keng Meng 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We investigate the problem of punctual (fully primitive recursive) presentability of algebraic structures up to primitive recursive and computable isomorphism. We show that for mono-unary structures and undirected graphs, if a structure is not punctually categorical then it has infinitely many punctually non-isomorphic punctual presentations. We also show that the punctual degrees of any computably almost rigid structure as well as the order (

$$\mathbb {Z},<$$

Z
,
<

) are dense. Finally we characterise the Boolean algebras which have a punctually 1-decidable presentation that is computably isomorphic to a 1-decidable presentation.
Specialization maps for Scholze’s category of diamonds
Authors: Gleason Ian 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We introduce the specialization map in Scholze’s theory of diamonds. We consider v-sheaves that “behave like formal schemes" and call them kimberlites. We attach to them: a reduced special fiber, an analytic locus, a specialization map, a Zariski site, and an étale site. When the kimberlite comes from a formal scheme, our sites recover the classical ones. We prove that unramified p-adic Beilinson–Drinfeld Grassmannians are kimberlites with finiteness and normality properties.
Disease Resistance Correlates with Core Microbiome Diversity in Cotton
Authors: Aqueel Rhea , Badar Ayesha , Roy Nazish , Ijaz Umer Zeeshan , Malik Kauser Abdulla 
Published: August 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the resident microbial communities and their above and below ground interactions with plants will provide necessary information for crop disease protection and stress management. In this study, we show how diversity of core microbiome varies with disease susceptibility of a crop. To test this hypothesis, we have focused on identifying the core microbial species of cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD) susceptible Gossypium hirsutum and CLCuD resistant Gossypium arboreum under viral infestation. Derivation of core membership is challenging as it depends on an occupancy threshold of microbial species in a sampling pool, whilst accounting for different plant compartments. We have used an abundance–occupancy distribution approach where we dynamically assess the threshold for core membership, whilst marginalizing for occupancy in four compartments of the cotton plant, namely, leaf epiphyte, leaf endophyte, rhizosphere, and root endophyte. Additionally, we also fit a neutral model to the returned core species to split them into three groups, those that are neutral, those that are selected by the plant environment, and finally those that are dispersal limited. We have found strong inverse relationship between diversity of core microbiome and disease susceptibility with the resistant variety, G. arboreum, possessing higher diversity of microbiota. A deeper understanding of this association will aid in the development of biocontrol agents for improving plant immunity against biotrophic pathogens.
Tranexamic acid reduces perioperative blood transfusions following open radical cystectomy – a propensity-score matched analysis
Authors: Egen Luisa , Keller Karoline , Menold Hanna Saskia , Quan Allison , Dempfle Carl-Erik , Schoettler Jochen Johannes , Wessels Frederik , Meister Benjamin , Worst Thomas Stefan , Westhoff Niklas , Kriegmair Maximilian Christian , Honeck Patrick , Michel Maurice Stephan , Kowalewski Karl-Friedrich 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Radical cystectomy is associated with bleeding and high transfusion rates, presenting challenges in patient management. This study investigated the prophylactic use of tranexamic acid during radical cystectomy.

Methods
All consecutive patients treated with radical cystectomy at a tertiary care university center were included from a prospectively maintained database. After an institutional change in the cystectomy protocol patients received 1 g of intravenous bolus of tranexamic acid as prophylaxis. To prevent bias, propensity score matching was applied, accounting for differences in preoperative hemoglobin, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, tumor stage, and surgeon experience. Key outcomes included transfusion rates, complications, and occurrence of venous thromboembolism.

Results
In total, 420 patients were included in the analysis, of whom 35 received tranexamic acid. After propensity score matching, 32 patients and 32 controls were matched with regard to clinicopathologic characteristics. Tranexamic acid significantly reduced the number of patients who received transfusions compared to controls (19% [95%-Confidence interval = 8.3; 37.1] vs. 47% [29.8; 64.8]; p = 0.033). Intraoperative and postoperative transfusion rates were lower with tranexamic acid, though not statistically significant (6% [1.5; 23.2] vs. 19% [8.3; 37.1], and 16% [6.3; 33.7] vs. 38% [21.9; 56.1]; p = 0.257 and p = 0.089, respectively). The occurrence of venous thromboembolism did not differ significantly between the groups (9% [2.9; 26.7] vs. 3% [0.4; 20.9]; p = 0.606).

Conclusion
Prophylactic tranexamic administration, using a simplified preoperative dosing regimen of 1 g as a bolus, significantly lowered the rate of blood transfusion after cystectomy. This exploratory study indicates the potential of tranexamic acid in enhancing outcomes of open radical cystectomy.
Management of acute uncomplicated diverticulitis and adherence to current guidelines—a multicentre SNAPSHOT study
Authors: Dalby Helene R. , Orrú Alessandro , Sundh Frida , Buchwald Pamela , Brännström Fredrik , Hansske Bengt , Haapaniemi Staffan , Nikberg Maziar , Chabok Abbas 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To explore whether previous participation in clinical studies increases adherence to management guidelines in acute uncomplicated diverticulitis (AUD).

Methods
This retrospective cohort study was designed to give a SNAPSHOT of the management of AUD at six hospitals, three of which had participated in the AVOD trial comparing antibiotic versus non-antibiotic treatment of AUD. Patients with AUD were included from March 2019 through June 2020 and followed for 90 days. The primary outcome was treatment of AUD categorised by antibiotic treatment and inpatient or outpatient management compared between AVOD and non-AVOD hospitals. Descriptive statistics were compiled, and differences between hospitals were assessed with Pearson’s chi-squared test.

Results
The cohort included 449 patients with AUD of which 63% were women and the median age was 63 (IQR: 52–73) years. Patient characteristics were comparable across the hospitals. Antibiotics were administered to 84 (19%) patients and 113 (25%) patients were managed as inpatients. Management varied significantly between AVOD and non-AVOD hospitals. The mean proportion of patients treated with antibiotics was 7% at AVOD hospitals compared to 38% at non-AVOD hospitals (p < 0.001). The mean proportion of in-hospital management was 18% at AVOD hospitals versus 38% at non-AVOD hospitals (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
Most patients with AUD were managed according to current guidelines. However, the management varies between hospitals and previous participation in clinical studies may increase knowledge of and adherence to guidelines.
Recombinant expression and characterization of the endochitinase Chit36-TA from Trichoderma asperellum in Komagataella phaffii for chitin degradation of black soldier fly exuviae
Authors: Gebele Luisa , Wilke Andreas , Salliou Axel , Schneider Laura , Heid Daniel , Stadelmann Tobias , Henninger Corinna , Ahmed Uzair , Broszat Melanie , Müller Pascale , Dusel Georg , Krzyżaniak Michał , Ochsenreither Katrin , Eisele Thomas 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe natural polymer chitin is an abundant source for valuable N-acetylchitooligosaccharides and N-acetylglucosamine applicable in several industries. The endochitinase Chit36-TA from Trichoderma asperellum was recombinantly expressed in Komagataella phaffii for the enzymatic degradation of chitin from unused insect exuviae into N-acetylchitooligosaccharides. Chit36-TA was purified by Ni–NTA affinity chromatography and subsequently biochemically characterized. After deglycosylation, the endochitinase had a molecular weight of 36 kDa. The optimum pH for Chit36-TA was 4.5. The temperature maximum of Chit36-TA was determined to be 50 °C, while it maintained > 93% activity up to 60 °C. The chitinase was thermostable up to 45 °C and exhibited ~ 50% activity after a 15 min incubation at 57 °C. Chit36-TA had a maximum specific enzyme activity of 50 nkat/mg with a Km value of 289 µM with 4-methylumbelliferyl-N,N′,N″-triacetyl-β-chitotrioside as substrate. Most tested cations, organic solvents and reagents were well-tolerated by the endochitinase, except for SDS (1 mM), Cu2+ (10 mM) and Mn2+ (10 mM), which had stronger inhibitory effects with residual activities of 3, 41 and 28%, respectively. With a degree of hydrolysis of 32% applying colloidal shrimp chitin (1% (w/v)) and 12% on insect larvae (1% (w/v)) after 24 h, the endochitinase was found to be suitable for the conversion of colloidal chitin as well as chitin from black soldier fly larvae into water-soluble N-acetylchitooligosaccharides. To prove scalability, a bioreactor process was developed in which a 55-fold higher enzyme activity of 49 µkat/l and a tenfold higher protein expression of 1258 mg/l were achieved.
The Tropical Non-Properness Set of a Polynomial Map
Authors: El Hilany Boulos 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe study some discrete invariants of Newton non-degenerate polynomial maps $$f: {\mathbb {K}}^n \rightarrow {\mathbb {K}}^n$$

f
:

K

n

→

K

n

defined over an algebraically closed field of Puiseux series $${\mathbb {K}}$$
K
, equipped with a non-trivial valuation. It is known that the set $${\mathcal {S}}(f)$$

S
(
f
)

of points at which f is not finite forms an algebraic hypersurface in $${\mathbb {K}}^n$$

K

n

. The coordinate-wise valuation of $${\mathcal {S}}(f)\cap ({\mathbb {K}}^*)^n$$

S

(
f
)

∩

(

K

∗

)

n

is a piecewise-linear object in $${\mathbb {R}}^n$$

R

n

, which we call the tropical non-properness set of f. We show that the tropical polynomial map corresponding to f has fibers satisfying a particular combinatorial degeneracy condition exactly over points in the tropical non-properness set of f. We then use this description to outline a polyhedral method for computing this set, and to recover the fan dual to the Newton polytope of the set at which a complex polynomial map is not finite. The proofs rely on classical correspondence and structural results from tropical geometry, combined with a new description of $${\mathcal {S}}(f)$$

S
(
f
)

in terms of multivariate resultants.
Assessment of the bony resection margin distance in bone-invasive oral cancer using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy
Authors: Winnand Philipp , Ooms Mark , Heitzer Marius , Vohl Nils , Lammert Matthias , Hölzle Frank , Boernsen K. Olaf , Modabber Ali 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Objectives
Inadequate resection margins of less than 5 mm impair local tumor control. This weak point in oncological safety is exacerbated in bone-infiltrating tumors because rapid bone analysis procedures do not exist. This study aims to assess the bony resection margin status of bone-invasive oral cancer using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS).

Materials and methods
LIBS experiments were performed on natively lasered, tumor-infiltrated mandibular cross-sections from 10 patients. In total, 5,336 spectra were recorded at defined distances from the tumor border. Resection margins < 1 mm were defined as very close, from 1–5 mm as close, and > 5 mm as clear. The spectra were histologically validated. Based on the LIBS spectra, the discriminatory power of potassium (K) and soluble calcium (Ca) between bone-infiltrating tumor tissue and very close, close, and clear resection margins was determined.

Results
LIBS-derived electrolyte emission values of K and soluble Ca as well as histological parameters for bone neogenesis/fibrosis and lymphocyte/macrophage infiltrates differ significantly between bone-infiltrating tumor tissue spectra and healthy bone spectra from very close, close, and clear resection margins (p < 0.0001). Using LIBS, the transition from very close resection margins to bone-infiltrating tumor tissue can be determined with a sensitivity of 95.0%, and the transition from clear to close resection margins can be determined with a sensitivity of 85.3%.

Conclusions
LIBS can reliably determine the boundary of bone-infiltrating tumors and might provide an orientation for determining a clear resection margin.

Clinical relevance
LIBS could facilitate intraoperative decision-making and avoid inadequate resection margins in bone-invasive oral cancer.