bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The MOSDEF-KCWI Survey: Spectral Properties of Lyα Halos around z ∼ 2 Star-forming Galaxies
Authors: Weldon Andrew , Song Zhiyuan , Reddy Naveen A. , Shapley Alice E. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We present Keck Cosmic Web Imager integral field observations of extended Lyα emission in the circumgalactic medium of 27 typical star-forming galaxies at z ∼ 2, drawn from the Multi-Object Spectrometer for Infra-Red Exploration (MOSFIRE) Deep Evolution Field (MOSDEF) survey. Using composite spectra in two bins of star formation rate (SFR), star formation rate surface density (ΣSFR), and other galactic properties, we measure spatial variations in the Lyα profile across three regions in the Lyα halo. We find single-peaked, redshifted profiles are ubiquitous within a central 7 kpc radius region. Further out in the halo (7–14 and 14–21 kpc), the Lyα profile of the resonantly scattered emission exhibits more diversity, either transitioning to a double-peaked profile or remaining single peaked across the halo. We find a shorter scale length of the Lyα halo surface brightness profile for composite halos with faster winds. The composites have a similar average inclination, suggesting those with faster winds clear channels in the interstellar medium (ISM), reducing the fraction of Lyα photons resonantly scattered to large radii. A uniform expanding shell radiative transfer model reproduces the shape but not the normalization of the observed double-peaked Lyα profiles. Models that adopt a more realistic, clumpy ISM are likely needed to reproduce both the shape and normalization of the Lyα profiles.
The Impact of Stellar Radiative Feedback on Formation of Young Massive Clusters via Fast H i Gas Collisions
Authors: Maeda Ryunosuke , Inoue Tsuyoshi , Omukai Kazuyuki , Fukui Yasuo , Tsuge Kisetsu 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Young massive clusters (YMCs) are dense aggregates of young stars and are often speculated as potential precursors to globular clusters. However, the formation mechanism of massive and compact gas clumps that precede YMCs remains unknown. In this paper, we study the formation of such massive clumps via fast H i gas collisions (∼100 km s−1) as suggested by recent observations and their subsequent evolution into YMCs by using three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamics simulations involving self-gravity and detailed thermal/chemical processes. In particular, the impact of ionization feedback from stellar radiation is included in an approximate fashion where the temperature within the H ii regions is elevated to 10,000 K, while supernova feedback is not included. We examine whether the resulting massive clumps can survive this ionization feedback and evolve into YMCs. Our simulations reveal the emergence of gas clumps that not only possess substantial mass (∼105
M
⊙) but also sufficient compactness (∼5 pc). Notably, these clumps exhibit significantly higher escape velocities compared to the sound speed of the H ii region, indicating effective gravitational retention of gas against feedback-induced evaporation. Consequently, these conditions foster efficient star formation within the massive gas clumps, ultimately leading to their evolution into YMCs. We also perform simulations involving lower-velocity gas collisions, approximately 15 km s−1, typical shock velocities induced by galactic superbubbles. In contrast to the high-velocity collisions, we find that molecular cloud formation does not occur in the case of 1 cm−3 gas collision, while YMC formation is observed in the presence of denser gas of 10 cm−3. However, the formation of YMCs requires compression periods exceeding 10 Myr in these cases, indicating a potential preference for gas collisions driven by intergalactic interactions rather than galactic superbubbles for YMC formation.
A Surprising Excess of Radio Emission in Extremely Stable Quasars: A Unique Clue to Jet Launching?
Authors: Kang Wen-Yong , Wang Jun-Xian , Cai Zhen-Yi , Wang Hao-Chen , Ren Wen-Ke , Liao Mai , Yuan Feng , Zdziarski Andrzej , Cao Xinwu 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Quasars are generally divided into jetted radio-loud and nonjetted radio-quiet ones, but why only 10% of quasars are radio-loud has been puzzling for decades. Other than jet-induced phenomena, black hole mass, or Eddington ratio, a prominent difference between jetted and nonjetted quasars has scarcely been detected. Here we show a unique distinction between them, and the mystery of jet launching could be disclosed by a prominent excess of radio emission in extremely stable quasars (ESQs; i.e., type 1 quasars with extremely weak variability in UV/optical over 10 yr). Specifically, we find that >25% of the ESQs are detected by the FIRST/VLASS radio survey, while only ∼6%–8% of the control sample, matched in redshift, luminosity, and Eddington ratio, are radio-detected. The excess of radio detection in ESQs has a significance of 4.4σ (99.9995%) and predominantly occurs at intermediate radio loudness with R ∼ 10–60. The radio detection fraction of ESQs also tends to increase in the ESQ samples selected with more stringent thresholds. Our results are in contrast to the common view that radio-loud quasars are likely more variable in UV/optical due to jet contribution. New clues/challenges posed by our findings highlight the importance of extensive follow-up observations to probe the nature of jets in ESQs and theoretical studies on the link between jet launching and ESQs. Moreover, our results make ESQs, an essential population that has never been explored, unique targets in the burgeoning era of time domain astronomy, like their opposite counterparts of quasars exhibiting extreme variability or changing-look features.
Diagnostics of Magnetohydrodynamic Modes in the Interstellar Medium through Synchrotron Polarization Statistics
Authors: Pavaskar Parth , Yuen Ka Ho , Yan Huirong , Malik Sunil 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
One of the biggest challenges in understanding magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence is identifying the plasma mode components from observational data. Previous studies on synchrotron polarization from the interstellar medium (ISM) suggest that the dominant MHD modes can be identified via statistics of Stokes parameters, which would be crucial for studying various ISM processes such as the scattering and acceleration of cosmic rays, star formation, and dynamo. In this paper, we present a numerical study of the synchrotron polarization analysis (SPA) method through systematic investigation of the statistical properties of the Stokes parameters. We derive the theoretical basis for our method from the fundamental statistics of MHD turbulence, recognizing that the projection of the MHD modes allows us to identify the modes dominating the energy fraction from synchrotron observations. Based on the discovery, we revise the SPA method using synthetic synchrotron polarization observations obtained from 3D ideal MHD simulations with a wide range of plasma parameters and driving mechanisms, and present a modified recipe for mode identification. We propose a classification criterion based on a new SPA+ fitting procedure, which allows us to distinguish between Alfvén mode and compressible/slow mode dominated turbulence. We further propose a new method to identify fast modes by analyzing the asymmetry of the SPA+ signature and establish a new asymmetry parameter to detect the presence of fast mode turbulence. Additionally, we confirm through numerical tests that the identification of the compressible and fast modes is not affected by Faraday rotation in both the emitting plasma and the foreground.
An Alternative Channel to Black Hole Low-mass X-Ray Binaries: Dynamical Friction of Dark Matter?
Authors: Qin Ke , Chen Wen-Cong 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Both the anomalous magnetic braking of Ap/Bp stars and the surrounding circumbinary disk models can account for the formation of black hole (BH) low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs), while the simulated effective temperatures of the donor stars are significantly higher than the observed values. Therefore, the formation of BH LMXBs is still not completely understood. In this work, we diagnose whether the dynamical friction between dark matter and the companion stars can drive BH binaries to evolve toward the observed BH LMXBs and alleviate the effective temperature problem. Assuming that there exists a density spike of dark matter around BH, the dynamical friction can produce an efficient angular momentum loss, driving BH binaries with an intermediate-mass companion star to evolve into BH LMXBs for a spike index higher than γ = 1.58. Our detailed stellar evolution models show that the calculated effective temperatures can match the observed value of most BH LMXBs for a spike index range of γ = 1.7–2.1. However, the simulated mass-transfer rates when γ = 2.0 and 2.1 are too high to be consistent with the observed properties showing that BH LMXBs appear as soft X-ray transients. Therefore, the dynamical friction of dark matter can only alleviate the effective temperature problem of those BH LMXBs with a relatively short orbital period.
Segmenter les personnes âgées selon leur risque de malnutrition : combinaison d’une approche centrée sur les attitudes et d’une approche comportementale
Authors: Gourmelen Andréa , Guillemot Samuel , Malas Ziad , Dyen Margot 
Published: August 2024

• Objectifs Dans une perspective de santé publique, l’objectif de cette recherche est de proposer une segmentation du public âgé pour la prévention de la malnutrition. Pour cela, elle propose une combinaison de deux typologies de consommateurs âgés permettant de les cibler selon leurs attitudes et leur comportement en matière d’alimentation. • Méthodologie Une étude qualitative exploratoire de 42 entretiens semi-directifs portant sur l’évolution de la consommation alimentaire des personnes âgées et leur vécu a permis : 1) de traduire en variables opérationnelles les facteurs de malnutrition chez les personnes âgées et 2) d’identifier des profils de personnes âgées selon leur attitude face à leur expérience des facteurs de malnutrition (typologie qualitative). Les variables traduisant les facteurs de malnutrition ont ensuite été mesurées dans un questionnaire administré en face à face ou par téléphone auprès d’un échantillon représentatif de 300 personnes âgées de 60 à 97 ans en France. Une analyse typologique quantitative a été réalisée sur la base de leurs comportements alimentaires et de leur évolution pour former des groupes homogènes. L’interprétation des résultats a été complétée par des comparaisons entre groupes (tests bilatéraux d’égalité) sur des marqueurs des processus de vieillissement (problèmes de santé, événements de la vie sociale, rapport au temps restant à vivre). • Résultats La typologie qualitative révèle des attitudes « rigoureuse », « désinvolte » ou « optimiste » face aux facteurs de malnutrition. Sur la base des comportements alimentaires et de leurs évolutions, la typologie quantitative montre que les individus peuvent être caractérisés de : « stables », « désengagés », ou « bouleversés ». Ces groupes se différencient non seulement en termes de rapport à l’avenir mais aussi de marqueurs des vieillissements biologique et social. • Implications managériales Ces typologies sont opérationnelles pour les praticiens souhaitant cibler les consommateurs âgés en matière de risque de malnutrition. Spécifiquement, ces actions sont présentées pour chaque profil comportemental en considérant ensuite les possibles profils attitudinaux pouvant y être associés. • Originalité Les groupes mis en évidence se différencient non seulement en termes de quantités ingérées mais aussi d’implication dans la préparation des repas et d’attitude à l’égard des préconisations nutritionnelles.
Innover par bisociation entre Responsabilité Sociale de l’Entreprise et société à mission : le cas MAIF
Authors: Schäfer Philippe , Cuénoud Thibault , Helfrich Vincent 
Published: August 2024

Cette recherche mobilise le modèle de la bisociation d’Arthur Koestler en management de la créativité. L’objectif est de comprendre comment une entreprise peut devenir politique en capitalisant sur sa démarche de RSE couplée à l’institutionnalisation du passage en société à mission. Le modèle de Koestler nous permet de restituer le travail d’incubation préalable, l’acte de bisociation entre Responsabilité Sociale de l’Entreprise (RSE) et mission, mais aussi son dépassement à travers le projet de développer un modèle d’entreprise engagée en société. Cette recherche qualitative explore le cas MAIF par l’analyse d’entretiens semi-directifs et de documents internes et externes. L’étude permet de comprendre la complémentarité entre RSE et société à mission, ainsi que leurs incomplétudes respectives : instrumentalisation de la RSE d’un côté et purpose washing de l’autre. Codes JEL : O31, O39, G34
Contribution de la recherche-intervention aux Objectifs de développement durable des Nations-Unies pour 2030. Retour d’expérience d’une recherche-intervention en environnement rural cambodgien
Authors: Martin Guillaume , Côme Thierry 
Published: August 2024

Nous mettons en évidence la contribution de la recherche-intervention à l’atteinte des Objectifs de développement durable fixés par les Nations Unies pour 2030 en inscrivant notre démarche de recherche auprès d’une entreprise communautaire contribuant à l’ODD n° 6 en répondant au défi de produire et de distribuer de l’eau potable en milieu rural cambodgien.
A Cross-Sectional Study of Labor Analgesia Practices Across India
Authors: Jain Kajal , Bhatia Nidhi , Parikh Ketan , Singla Karan , Dhir Ankita , Gupta Sunanda , Grewal Anju , Trikha Anjan 
Published: August 2024

Introduction:
Labour analgesia practices have evolved significantly over the past years, with most of the current practices being evidence-based. Labour analgesia is considered a standard of care in resource-rich countries. However, in resource-limited countries such as India, there is a lack of awareness, and round the clock availability of labour analgesia services across the country. This raises significant challenges in establishing successful labour analgesia programs.

Methods:
This survey was conducted using multi-question Google Form@, so as to improve our understanding of labour analgesia practices in India. Our primary objective was to study the prevalence of labour analgesia practices amongst anaesthesiologists across India. Our secondary objectives included the work profile of anaesthesiologists providing labour analgesia, common techniques of labour analgesia practised, drugs used and common complications as well as side-effects encountered.

Results:
The results of our survey showed that 72.9% of the respondents practised labour analgesia in one form or the other. Practitioners in non-government facilities such as private hospitals, private medical colleges, and nursing homes accounted for more than 60% of the total labour analgesia delivered. Government medical colleges fared the best among practitioners at government-owned facilities. Approximately 85% of those polled agreed that the most common way of pain relief in a labouring patient was regional analgesia. The most prevalent was labour epidural (59.4%), followed by a single shot spinal analgesic, while 29% of anaesthesiologists used systemic analgesia.

Conclusion:
The impediments to delivering widespread labour analgesia services across India were poor infrastructure and high costs.
Height Adjusted Dose versus Height-Weight Adjusted Dose of Intrathecal Hyperbaric Bupivacaine for Caesarean Delivery for Preventing Maternal Hypotension: A Prospective, Double-Blinded, Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Manasa M , Petkar Jyoti , Jois Sowmya M. , Sudheer R , Srinivasan Rangalakshmi , Sree Pala Divya 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Spinal anesthesia for cesarean section is associated with significant hypotension due to sympathetic blockade and can cause adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. Although hypotension is considered to be dose-dependent, choosing a dose of bupivacaine to achieve an adequate level of blockade without causing hypotension is a challenge.

Methods:
Ninety-six eligible parturients posted for elective cesarean section under spinal anesthesia were divided into two groups. Group H received intrathecal bupivacaine dose calculated as per patients’ height and Group HW received intrathecal bupivacaine dose calculated as per patients’ height and weight chart. Heart rate and mean blood pressure were monitored in both groups. Time required to achieve sensory block up to T6, complete motor block, the dose of ephedrine required to treat hypotension, the incidence of complications, and neonatal appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, respiration (APGAR) scores were noted.

Results:
Hypotension occurred in 35.56% of parturients in Group H and 16.28% of parturients in Group HW, which was statistically significant. The mean dose of 0.5% bupivacaine was 9.12 mg in Group HW and 9.4 mg in Group H (P value = 0.02). The mean dose of Ephedrine was 12 ± 5.8 mg in Group H compared to 6.0 mg in Group HW, which was statistically significant. The time needed to achieve sensory and complete motor block were comparable in both groups.

Conclusion:
Height-weight-adjusted intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine achieved comparable sensory and motor block with lesser incidence and severity of hypotension compared to height-adjusted dose.
Relationship between Sports Participation and Academic Discipline in Middle School Students in Egypt
Authors: Hassan Mohamed 
Published: August 2024

Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyze the relationship between sports participation and academic discipline in middle school students in Egypt.
Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries.
Findings: Research on college athletes in Malaysia reveals that regular physical exercise significantly improves sleep quality by increasing sleep duration and efficiency. Exercise reduces sleep latency, helping athletes fall asleep faster, and enhances deep sleep stages crucial for recovery. Additionally, physical activity aids in managing stress and anxiety, which are linked to poor sleep. However, the impact of exercise can vary depending on its intensity and timing.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Self-determination theory (SDT), social cognitive theory (SCT) & achievement goal theory (AGT) may be used to anchor future studies on the relationship between sports participation and academic discipline in middle school students in Egypt. Schools should implement structured sports programs that emphasize not only physical skills but also the development of discipline, teamwork, and time management. Schools should adopt policies that promote the integration of sports and academics, ensuring that sports participation is not viewed as a distraction but as a complementary activity that enhances academic discipline.
Effect of Physical Exercise on Sleep Quality in College Athletes in Malaysia
Authors: Faizal Ahmad 
Published: August 2024

Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of physical exercise on sleep quality in college athletes in Malaysia.
Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries.
Findings: Research on college athletes in Malaysia reveals that regular physical exercise significantly improves sleep quality by increasing sleep duration and efficiency. Exercise reduces sleep latency, helping athletes fall asleep faster, and enhances deep sleep stages crucial for recovery. Additionally, physical activity aids in managing stress and anxiety, which are linked to poor sleep. However, the impact of exercise can vary depending on its intensity and timing.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The theory of exercise and sleep interactions, the cognitive behavioral theory of insomnia (CBT-I) & the circadian rhythm theory may be used to anchor future studies on the effect of physical exercise on sleep quality in college athletes in Malaysia. Athletic trainers and coaches should design personalized exercise regimens that include a mix of aerobic, resistance, and flexibility exercises tailored to individual athletes' needs. Sports organizations and educational institutions should establish policies that recommend optimal timing for workouts. Research indicates that morning sessions are less disruptive to sleep than evening sessions, and such guidelines can help in scheduling training sessions to promote better sleep quality.
Stellar Evolution of Main Sequence Stars Powered only by the PP Chain
Authors: Seth Devin , Skoutnev Valentin 
Published: August 2024

We explore how the main sequence evolution of 1-2 stars depend on the different nuclear reactions that occur in its core. We employ MESA (Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics) to analyze the effects of adding or removing reactions. The simulations showed counter-intuitive results where the PP chain stars lasted longer on the main sequence, as and more luminous than the so called basic-net stars.
CGRP Inhibitor Use In Migraine Treatments
Authors: Acharya Anish 
Published: August 2024

Several possible remedies for migraines have been discovered to date, the most prominent ones include various antiepileptic drugs such as divalproex sodium and topiramate, as well as beta (Amiri et al., 2021)blockers such as propranolol and timolol. However many of these treatments are not entirely effective treatments for patients who face chronic migraines due to their somewhat prosaic success rates. In 1985, researchers noticed the presence of Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP) in the plasma increased drastically in its levels during the presence of a migraine attack (Deen et al. 2). CGRP is a neuropeptide that is involved in the dilation of both dural and cerebral blood vessels, and this interaction is believed to be the main cause of migraines. Generally, when migraines are treated with triptans (a common symptom relief medication), CGRP levels in the blood generally reduce. It was further found that certain CGRP inhibitors reduced neurogenic inflammation and lead to an increased reduction of pain during the migraine (Deen et al. 4). When faced with a multitude of treatment options for chronic migraines, one must consider inhibitors of the CGRP pathway as a possible alternative. CGRP inhibitors introduce a possible better treatment option than previous medicinal drugs. A few previously used CGRP inhibitors include erenumab, galcanezumab, and fremanezumab, which have recently been used to treat patients of chronic migraines. In this paper we will consider the various CGRP inhibitors and their advantages and disadvantages in the face of conventional chronic migraine treatment options.