bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ATControl—Actuation Methods and System Integration, Gear Choice, Gear Shift Strategy and Process, Adaptive Features
Authors: Shibayama Takashi 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn order to obtain good fuel economy and good driving performance, theATcontrol is very important. TheATprovides ratio changes during vehicle driving. The ratio change timing (shift schedule) and the ratio change feeling (shift feel) are two key performance attribute ofATs. Therefore, in this chapter, the basic concept and outline for the shift schedule control design and the shift feeling control design are described. Actuation methods and system integration, gear choice, gear shift strategy and process, and adaptive features are the major topics. Recently, integrated control, for example, engine‐ATintegrated control becomes more popular, so the integrated control is also described. Detail time charts forATshift calibration are also discussed, which may useful for theATshift calibrators.
Data Fusion
Authors: Leonhardt Axel , Catalá‐Prat Álvaro 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWith the recent developments of intelligent transportation systems and intelligent vehicles, data fusion gains more and more attention as a technique to make optimal use of the various in‐vehicle and roadside sensors. Applications include various approaches for object and incident detection, state estimation, and state forecasting. In general, data fusion can be described as the intelligent processing and combination of information from many diverse sources. In particular, data fusion is applied to gather information by combining various sources that is of higher value than information from only one source. This chapter gives an overview of data fusion methods and applications from the vehicular as well as the roadside perspectives. First of all, an introduction of the main concepts of data fusion is given. Then, commonly used methods are described. The main part consists of two sample applications, one from the area of vehicle automation and the other from the area of traffic state estimation and prediction. Finally, a summary and an outlook on sensor data fusion are given.
Exposure to Air Pollutants and Disease Activity in Juvenile‐Onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients
Authors: Fernandes Elisabeth C. , Silva Clovis A. , Braga Alfésio L. F. , Sallum Adriana M. E. , Campos Lúcia M. A. , Farhat Sylvia C. L. 
Published: April 2015

ObjectiveTo investigate the association between exposure to air pollutants in the Sao Paulo metropolitan area and disease activity in juvenile‐onset systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients.MethodsA longitudinal panel study based on 409 consecutive visits of juvenile‐onset SLE patients living in the Sao Paulo metropolitan area was carried out. Disease activity was evaluated in accordance with the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI‐2K), and the patients were divided into 2 groups: those with SLEDAI scores ≤8 and those with SLEDAI scores >8. Daily concentrations of inhaled particulate matter (PM10), sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone, and carbon monoxide (CO) were evaluated on the 21 days preceding the medical visits. A generalized estimation equation model was used to assess the impact of these measurements on SLEDAI‐2K scores, considering the fixed effects for repetitive measurements. The models were adjusted for erythrocyte sedimentation rate, corticosteroid use (daily and cumulative doses), antimalarial use, the use of immunosuppressive agents, the presence of infection 20 days preceding the medical appointment, and the minimum temperature and relative humidity outdoors.ResultsPM10, NO2, and CO were risk factors for juvenile‐onset SLE disease activity (SLEDAI‐2K score >8) approximately 2 weeks after exposure. A 13.4 μg/m3 increase in the PM10 moving average (from lag 12 to lag 15) was associated with a 34% increase (95% confidence interval 7.0–68.0) in the risk of a SLEDAI‐2K score >8.ConclusionThis is the first study to show that exposure to inhaled pollutants may increase the risk of disease activity in children with juvenile‐onset SLE in a large urban center.
Aryne Reaction with γ‐Arylallenylcarboxyamides: Unexpected Diels–Alder Cycloaddition
Authors: Fu Haixing , Yang Yupo , Wei Zhibin , Zhang Zhengjuan , Wu Chunrui , Shi Feng 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWhen γ‐arylallenylcarboxyamides react with arynes, their arylallene moiety reacts in a Diels–Alder fashion, leaving the amide functionality intact.
Regioselective Syntheses of 1,2‐Benzothiazines by Rhodium‐Catalyzed Annulation Reactions
Authors: Cheng Ying , Bolm Carsten 
Published: April 2015

AbstractRhodium‐catalyzed directed carbene insertions into aromatic CH bonds of S‐aryl sulfoximines lead to intermediates, which upon dehydration provide 1,2‐benzothiazines in excellent yields. The domino‐type process is regioselective and shows a high functional‐group tolerance. It is scalable, and the only by‐products are dinitrogen and water. Three illustrative transformations underscore the synthetic value of the products.
Designed Enclosure Enables Guest Binding Within the 4200 Å3 Cavity of a Self‐Assembled Cube
Authors: Ramsay William J. , Szczypiński Filip T. , Weissman Haim , Ronson Tanya K. , Smulders Maarten M. J. , Rybtchinski Boris , Nitschke Jonathan R. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractMetal–organic self‐assembly has proven to be of great use in constructing structures of increasing size and intricacy, but the largest assemblies lack the functions associated with the ability to bind guests. Here we demonstrate the self‐assembly of two simple organic molecules with CdII and PtII into a giant heterometallic supramolecular cube which is capable of binding a variety of mono‐ and dianionic guests within an enclosed cavity greater than 4200 Å3. Its structure was established by X‐ray crystallography and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy. This cube is the largest discrete abiological assembly that has been observed to bind guests in solution; cavity enclosure and coulombic effects appear to be crucial drivers of host–guest chemistry at this scale. The degree of cavity occupancy, however, appears less important: the largest guest studied, bound the most weakly, occupying only 11 % of the host cavity.
Efficacy and Safety of Etanercept in Patients With the Enthesitis‐Related Arthritis Category of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Results From a Phase III Randomized, Double‐Blind Study
Authors: Horneff Gerd , Foeldvari Ivan , Minden Kirsten , Trauzeddel Ralf , Kümmerle‐Deschner Jasmin B. , Tenbrock Klaus , Ganser Gerd , Huppertz Hans‐Iko 
Published: April 2015

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of etanercept in patients with enthesitis‐related arthritis (ERA) in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).MethodsThis was a 2‐phase study in JIA patients with active, refractory ERA. Phase I was an open‐label, uncontrolled 24‐week study period in which all patients were administered etanercept. Patients considered to be treatment responders at week 24 according to the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) Pediatric 30 (Pedi 30) criteria for improvement in juvenile arthritis entered the second phase, a 24‐week randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled withdrawal study, for an additional 24 weeks, for evaluation of the primary end point, occurrence of a disease flare from week 24 to week 48, based on the ACR preliminary definition of disease flare in juvenile arthritis.ResultsForty‐one patients were enrolled. At week 24, treatment with etanercept resulted in response rates of 93%, 93%, 80%, 56%, and 54% based on the ACR Pedi 30, Pedi 50, Pedi 70, Pedi 90, and Pedi 100 criteria, respectively. In addition, a marked decrease in all disease activity measures was observed. The mean number of tender joints, swollen joints, and joints with active arthritis decreased by 91%, 97%, and 94%, respectively. Physician's global assessment of disease activity, parent's assessment of patient's overall well‐being, and the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire disability index improved by 91%, 80%, and 86%, respectively. The number of tender enthesis sites and total scores for back pain, nocturnal pain, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index, and Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score based on 10‐joint counts (JADAS10) decreased by 75%, 72%, 81%, 72%, 85%, and 87%, respectively. In phase II, 38 patients were randomly assigned to receive placebo (n = 18) or to continue receiving etanercept (n = 20). Up to week 48, 12 disease flares occurred, in 9 patients receiving placebo and 3 patients receiving etanercept (odds ratio 6.0, P = 0.02). There were no serious infections, malignancies, or deaths.ConclusionIn this study of patients with the ERA category of JIA, etanercept proved effective, as indicated by high ACR Pedi response rates and JADAS10 response rates at week 24. Patients who continued treatment with etanercept had significantly fewer flares than those who received placebo, although 50% of patients in the placebo group did not experience a flare. Treatment suspension may be a consideration for patients with the ERA category of JIA who achieve remission.
Detection of Inflammatory Sacroiliitis in Children With Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Is Gadolinium Contrast Enhancement Necessary?
Authors: Weiss Pamela F. , Xiao Rui , Biko David M. , Johnson Ann M. , Chauvin Nancy A. 
Published: April 2015

ObjectiveIn adults, gadolinium contrast enhancement does not add incremental value to fluid‐sensitive sequences for evaluation of bone marrow edema. This study was undertaken to determine if magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast is necessary to assess lesions consistent with inflammatory sacroiliitis in children.MethodsPatients with clinically suspected or diagnosed juvenile spondyloarthritis (SpA) underwent pelvic MRI consisting of multiplanar fluid‐sensitive and postgadolinium T1‐weighted fat‐saturated sequences including dedicated sacral imaging. Three radiologists independently evaluated the fluid‐sensitive sequences, and later, the complete study (including postcontrast images). With postcontrast imaging as the reference standard, we calculated the test properties of fluid‐sensitive sequences for depiction of acute and chronic findings consistent with sacroiliitis.ResultsThe 51 patients had a median age of 15 years, and 57% were male. Nineteen patients (22 joints) were diagnosed as having sacroiliitis based on postcontrast imaging, and none had synovitis in the absence of bone marrow edema. All 22 joints demonstrated bone marrow edema on both fluid‐sensitive and postgadolinium T1‐weighted fat‐saturated sequences. Eighteen percent of joints with sacroiliitis had capsulitis, which was observed on both noncontrast and postcontrast imaging. Fifty‐nine percent of joints with sacroiliitis had synovitis on postcontrast imaging. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of fluid‐sensitive sequences for the detection of acute inflammatory lesions consistent with sacroiliitis using postgadolinium imaging as the reference standard were excellent. Interrater reliability was substantial for all parameters.ConclusionOur findings indicate that fluid‐sensitive sequences are sufficient to detect acute and chronic lesions consistent with inflammatory sacroiliitis in children.
Effective Host Materials for Blue/White Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes by Utilizing the Twisted Conjugation Structure in 10‐Phenyl‐9,10‐Dihydroacridine Block
Authors: Liu Xiang‐Yang , Liang Feng , Cui Lin‐Song , Yuan Xiao‐Dong , Jiang Zuo‐Quan , Liao Liang‐Sheng 
Published: April 2015

AbstractTwo new 10‐phenyl‐9,10‐dihydroacridine derivatives attached by dibenzothiophene (DBT) and dibenzofuran (DBF) were synthesized. The influence of the substituents of these materials was studied by theoretical calculations (DFT calculation) and experimental measurements. Owing to the twisted N‐phenyl ring, both molecules possess sufficiently high triplet energies and are suitable as hosts for phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes. To evaluate the electroluminescent (EL) performance of these materials, FIrpic‐based blue PHOLEDs and two‐color white PHOLEDs (FIrpic and PO‐01 as the dopants) were fabricated using the common device structures. High external quantum efficiencies (EQE) of 21.1 % and 20.9 % for FIrpic‐based blue PHOLEDs were achieved by FPhAc and TPhAc, respectively. The white device based on the host FPhAc achieved a higher performance, with a maximum EQE of 24.7 % than the device with TPhAc as host material.
Detection of low‐frequency organized structures in night‐time air flow within a spruce canopy on the upwind and downwind sides of a mountain ridge
Authors: Potužníková K. , Sedlák P. , Koucká Knížová P. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn this paper, a wavelet‐based methodology is proposed to study the main features of turbulence data collected within the crown layer of an even‐aged Norway spruce forest at the Bílý Kříž site. The site is situated on a steep (25%) south‐southwest‐facing slope near the top of a mountain ridge. The periods of organized structures detected when the site is on the downwind (leeward) side of the ridge are significantly shorter than those detected when the site is on the upwind side of the ridge. However, the ‘leeward’ structures have a relatively higher persistence and frequency of occurrence in the 30‐min time series.
Is the pipeline hydro‐transport of wheat straw and corn stover to a biorefinery realistic?
Authors: Vaezi Mahdi , Nimana Balwinder , Kumar Amit 
Published: April 2015

AbstractPipeline hydro‐transport is an alternative to truck delivery of agricultural residue (lignocellulosic) biomass. Pipeline hydro‐transport benefits from economies of scale, reduces total delivery costs, and enables bio‐based energy facilities to achieve higher capacities. In this study, the empirical correlation based on experimentally developed data for pipeline transport of agricultural residue‐water mixtures (slurry) was used to develop a data‐intensive techno‐economic model to estimate the cost of pipeline hydro‐transport of wheat straw and corn stover to a bioethanol refinery. The total cost of pipeline hydro‐transport was found to be lowest at 8.8% dry matter slurry solid mass content and 2.5 m s−1 slurry velocity. At this biomass slurry solid mass content and velocity, the pipeline hydro‐transport of biomass was found to be economically more viable than truck delivery at capacities of 0.45 M dry t yr−1 or more for a one‐way pipeline and 1.4 M dry t yr−1 or more for a two‐way pipeline (with the return of the carrier liquid). The ability to economically hydro‐transport agricultural residue biomass in pipes offers the opportunity to develop large‐scale bioethanol plants. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Treatment progress in medium security hospital settings for women: Changes in symptoms, personality and service need from admission to discharge
Authors: Long Clive G. , Dolley O. , Hollin Clive R. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundService evaluations of medium secure hospital facilities for women are underrepresented in the extant literature.HypothesisThat positive changes in symptoms, personality traits and service need would be evident between admission and discharge among women in a medium security hospital service.MethodsA pre‐test/post‐test design was used, with comparisons made between admission and pre‐discharge points on a variety of measures of psychiatric symptoms and personality traits.ResultsThere were significant improvements in mood according to Beck Depression Inventory scores, mood and other symptoms of mental disorder and distress as measured by the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale and the Modified Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Scale, personality traits recorded using the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory III and service need as measured by the Camberwell Assessment of Need, Forensic Version.Conclusions/implications for practiceSignificant positive change during treatment, in all clinical areas, is encouraging given poor outcomes for women reported in other research. Findings cannot, however, be unequivocally attributed to the treatments given. Further work is needed to improve early engagement and tailor treatment more specifically to the needs of a heterogeneous population. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enantiospecific Total Syntheses and Assignment of Absolute Configuration of Cannabinol‐Skeletal Carbazole Alkaloids Murrayamines‐O and ‐P
Authors: Dethe Dattatraya H. , Das Saikat , Dherange Balu D. , Mahapatra Samarpita 
Published: April 2015

AbstractFirst enantiospecific total syntheses of the cannabinol‐skeletal carbazole alkaloids murrayamines‐O and ‐P isolated from root barks of Murraya euchrestifoli, have been accomplished by highly diastereoselective, Lewis acid catalyzed coupling reactions of commercially available monoterpenes with carbazole derivative, which in addition to confirming the structure also established the absolute configuration of the natural products. Synthesis of both natural products and their enantiomers was achieved with high atom economy, in a protecting‐group free manner and in six steps longest linear sequence from commercially available aniline derivative and verbenol.
Seamless Rim‐Functionalization of h‐BN with Silica—Experiment and Theoretical Modeling
Authors: Furlotti Michele , Caputo Riccarda , Krumeich Frank , Nesper Reinhard 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBoron nitride contains six‐ring layers, which are isostructural to graphene, and it exhibits similar extraordinary mechanical strength. Unlike graphene, hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) is an insulator and has some polar features that make it a perfect material for those applications graphene is not suitable for, for example, purely ionic conductors, insulating membranes, transparent coatings, composite ceramics, high oxidation resistance materials. We report here a selective rim‐functionalization of h‐BN with SiO2 by using the Stöber process. A closed, protruding ring of SiO2 is formed covering all edges perpendicular to the [001] zones of the h‐BN stacks and thus shield the most reactive centers of BN layers. SEM and HAADF‐STEM images, X‐ray spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy confirm the rim‐functionalization by SiO2. XRD demonstrates the absence of any intercalation phenomenon of BN and reveals the glassy nature of the SiO2 rims. Selected variations of synthesis and theoretical modeling both confirm that rim activation by water prior to the Stöber condensation is crucial. First‐principles calculations also confirm that dangling bonds of clean BN edges merge to give interlayer bonds that make further functionalization much more difficult. The reported reaction pathway should allow for other new functionalizations of pure BN and of the rimmed SiO2/h‐BN composites.
Formal Asymmetric Organocatalytic [3+2] Cyclization between Enecarbamates and 3‐Indolylmethanols: Rapid Access to 3‐Aminocyclopenta[b]indoles
Authors: Lebée Clément , Kataja Antti O. , Blanchard Florent , Masson Géraldine 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA highly enantio‐ and diastereoselective synthesis of 3‐aminocyclopenta[b]indoles has been developed through formal [3+2] cycloaddition reaction of enecarbamates and 3‐indolylmethanols. This transformation is catalyzed by a chiral phosphoric acid that achieves simultaneous activation of both partners of the cycloaddition. Mechanistic data are also presented that suggest that the reaction occurs through a stepwise pathway.
Ion‐Exchange Adsorption of Proteins: Experiments and Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Liang Juan , Fieg Georg , Jakobtorweihen Sven 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe adsorption of serum albumin and hemoglobin onto Q Sepharose FF was investigated, where the single and binary adsorption were considered. Both experiments and molecular dynamics simulations have been performed to study the adsorption from macroscopic and microscopic points of view. The steric mass‐action model was applied to describe the single adsorption isotherms and to predict the binary isotherms. The results of the experiments and simulations were connected and compared by two parameters of the steric mass‐action model. Both results present a preferential adsorption of serum albumin.
Impact of psychological capital on innovative performance and job stress
Authors: Abbas Muhammad , Raja Usman 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWe investigated the impact of psychological capital (PsyCap) on supervisory‐rated innovative performance and job stress. Data collected from a diverse sample (N = 237 paired responses) of employees from various organizations in Pakistan provided good support for the hypotheses. The results indicate that PsyCap is positively related to innovative job performance and negatively related to job stress. High PsyCap individuals were rated as exhibiting more innovative behaviours by their supervisors than low PsyCap individuals. Particularly, we found that high PsyCap individuals were more likely to generate, acquire support for, and implement novel ideas in their workplace. Similarly, individuals with high PsyCap reported lower levels of job stress as compared to their low PsyCap counterparts. Copyright © 2015 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
One‐Step Electrodeposition of Polyallylamine‐Functionalized Gold Nanodendrites and Their Application in Sensing
Authors: Li Pan , Huang Tan , Yang Jie , Wei Shaohua , Cai Chenxin , Chen Yu , Lee Jong‐Min 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe three‐dimensional polyallylamine (PAH)‐functionalized gold nanodendrites (PAH‐3D‐Au‐NDs) were successfully synthesized through a simple, one‐step electrodeposition method. SEM, TEM, energy‐dispersive spectrum mapping, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements were used to characterize the morphology, structure, and composition of PAH‐3D‐Au‐NDs. The PAH‐3D‐Au‐NDs were then used as the functional interface to effectively immobilize the ruthenium(III) ion through coordination interactions between the ruthenium(III) ion and PAH. The obtained RuIII/PAH‐3D‐Au‐NDs/Au electrode showed excellent electrocatalytic activity towards iodate reduction. With the use of PAH‐3D‐Au‐NDs, the proposed iodate electrochemical sensor displayed a fast response (less than 3 s), wide linear range (4.99×10−8 to 8.50×10−4 M), and low detection limit (1.66×10−8 M).
Niobium Doping Effects on TiO2 Mesoscopic Electron Transport Layer‐Based Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Kim Dong Hoe , Han Gill Sang , Seong Won Mo , Lee Jin‐Wook , Kim Byeong Jo , Park Nam‐Gyu , Hong Kug Sun , Lee Sangwook , Jung Hyun Suk 
Published: April 2015

AbstractPerovskite solar cells (PSCs) are the most promising candidates as next‐generation solar energy conversion systems. To design a highly efficient PSC, understanding electronic properties of mesoporous metal oxides is essential. Herein, we explore the effect of Nb doping of TiO2 on electronic structure and photovoltaic properties of PSCs. Light Nb doping (0.5 and 1.0 at %) increased the optical band gap slightly, but heavy doping (5.0 at %) distinctively decreased it. The relative Fermi level position of the conduction band is similar for the lightly Nb‐doped TiO2 (NTO) and the undoped TiO2 whereas that of the heavy doped NTO decreased by as much as ∼0.3 eV. The lightly doped NTO‐based PSCs exhibit 10 % higher efficiency than PSCs based on undoped TiO2 (from 12.2 % to 13.4 %) and 52 % higher than the PSCs utilizing heavy doped NTO (from 8.8 % to 13.4 %), which is attributed to fast electron injection/transport and preserved electron lifetime, verified by transient photocurrent decay and impedance studies.