bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alveolar Antral Artery Isolation During Sinus Lift Procedure with the Double Window Technique
Authors: Maridati Paolo , Stoffella Enrico , Speroni Stefano , Cicciu Marco , Maiorana Carlo 
Published: June 2014

The sinus lift technique, introduced in 1976 by Tatum and subsequently described by Boyne in 1980, is nowadays considered a safe and reliable procedure for the rehabilitation of the atrophic upper posterior maxilla.The alveolar antral artery (AAA) is anastomoses between the posterior superior alveolar artery (PSAA) and the infraorbital artery (IOA) and may be present in the sinusal antrostomy. The haemorrhage of this vascular bundle represents the second intra-operatory complication in term of frequency during sinus lift procedure.Purpose of this study was to illustrate and describe a new technique allowing the AAA isolation during sinus lift procedure in cases in which the artery is clearly present inside the surgical area, detectable through CT scan exam. Presence, course and possible identification of the alveolar antral artery are also discussed, according to the studies present in the literature.
Influence of an Intervention to Prevent Early Childhood Caries Initiated before Birth on Children’s Use of Dental Services up to 7 Years of Age
Authors: Plutzer Kamila , Keirse Marc J.N.C 
Published: June 2014

Background :
In a previously reported randomised controlled trial, advising first time mothers on the prevention of early childhood caries from before their child was born, decreased the prevalence of early childhood caries at 20 months of age 5-fold.

Objective:
We examined the effect of the intervention on the frequency and nature of dental visits up to 7 years of age.

Methods:
Of 649 expectant mothers who participated in the trial, 277 completed a “Child Oral Health Survey” 7 years later. Their answers were compared with those of a comparison group of 277 mothers selected at random among those living in the same area with a first child born in the same year enrolled with the South Australian School Dental Services (SA SDS).

Results:
Only 1.5% of children had a dental visit before 12 months of age and only 4% before 2 years of age unless a dental problem had arisen. The age at the first visit did not differ among groups, but the reasons for the visit did as did the number of visits and the need for treatment under sedation or anaesthesia. In the trial group, 34% of first visits were for pain, 29% for injury, and 29% for concern with appearance. In the comparison group, pain was the main concern in 49%, injury in 9.5%, and appearance in 25% (p=0.019). Over time, children in the trial had an average of 2.2 visits compared with 3.1 in the comparison group. In the intervention group of the trial, no child had required treatment under sedation or general anaesthesia compared with 2.9% in the control group, and 6.5% in the comparison group. Only 15% of mothers reported that they had received any information on caries prevention from health care professionals other than dental care practitioners.

Conclusion:
Providing first-time mothers with guidance on the prevention of childhood caries decreased the use of dental services to deal with problems in preschool children.
Exploring the Association of Sense of Coherence, and Spiritual and Religious Beliefs in a Rural Population Group on the Island of Crete, Greece
Authors: Stefanaki Ioanna N. , Shea Sue , Linardakis Manolis , Symvoulakis Emmanouil K. , Wynyard Robin , Lionis Christos 
Published: June 2014

Objectives/Aim: This article reports the results of an observation study, aimed at exploring an association between spirituality, religiousness, and sense of coherence in a population group residing in a rural area of Crete, Greece. Study Design and Methods: The study was conducted during the period 2007–2009. Subjects aged 65 years and older ( n = 118) living in two remote and rural villages in the Heraklion county (Crete) were eligible. Eighty-nine people (51 women and 38 men) participated. Demographic data were obtained, and all participants were asked to complete the Greek version of the self-reported Royal Free Interview for Spiritual and Religious Beliefs, and the Sense of Coherence Scale. Results: Most participants reported strong religious beliefs and this was found to be related with increased age. Widowed participants expressed greater religiousness and spirituality ( p = 0.029). The total score for Sense of Coherence was negatively correlated with gender (women have lower scores, p < 0.05), marital status (widows presented lower scores, p < 0.001), and increased age. A strong positive correlation of the Sense of Coherence score with the Spiritual Scale as measured by three questions of the Royal Free Interview was also identified ( p = 0.039). Conclusions: The impact of gender and marital status seem to be emerging determinants in defining sense of coherence among inhabitants of rural Crete. The positive association between religious/spiritual beliefs and sense of coherence deserves further attention to promote a multidimensional approach in its study.
Treatment Preferences among Problem Drinkers in Primary Care
Authors: Lieberman Daniel Z. , Cioletti Anne , Massey Suena H. , Collantes Rochelle S. , Moore Brad B. 
Published: June 2014

Objective: Alcohol misuse is common among primary care patients, yet many do not receive treatment because doctors believe problem drinkers are “in denial,” or are unwilling to change their drinking habits. The real problem, however, may be that patients are being offered treatment modalities that do not meet their needs. This study was designed to measure the acceptability of various treatment options among drinkers who were currently not receiving treatment. Method: Patients in a primary care clinic were given a self-report questionnaire that included: (1) the Alcohol Use Disorders Questionnaire, (2) a measure of readiness to change drinking behavior, and (3) a list of treatment modalities to be rated based on level of interest. Results: Within a random sample of 402 patients, 40.2% reported high risk drinking and 16.3% reported problem drinking. Among the latter group, 89.3% were either considering change, or had begun to take steps to make changes in their drinking behaviors. When asked about treatment preferences, the modalities most frequently recommended by physicians—group therapy and Alcoholics Anonymous—were among the least acceptable. The most popular options were getting help from a primary care doctor and taking a medication that would make it easier to avoid drinking without making them sick if they drank. Conclusions: The belief that problem drinkers are unwilling to change was not supported by this study. Treatment for problem drinking should involve a collaborative evaluation of options with an emphasis on patient preference and treatment within the primary care setting.
What Can the Medical Education Do for Eliminating Stigma and Discrimination Associated with Mental Illness among Future Doctors? Effect of Clerkship Training on Chinese Students' Attitudes
Authors: Shen Yidong , Dong Huixi , Fan Xiaoduo , Zhang Zhanchou , Li Lehua , Lv Hailong , Xue Zhimin , Guo Xiaofeng 
Published: June 2014

Objective: The study was to examine the changes in attitudes towards psychiatry and mental illness among Chinese medical students during their psychiatry clerkship training. Methods: The Attitudes Towards Mental Illness (AMI) and the Attitudes Towards Psychiatry-30 (ATP-30) questionnaires were administered to 325 fourth-year Chinese medical students before and after they completed an 8-week psychiatry clerkship training. Results: After the clerkship training, there was a significant improvement in attitudes towards psychiatry and mental health as reflected by the total scores on ATP-30 (103.4 ± 8.6 versus 111.8 ± 9.6, p < 0.001) and AMI (58.9 ± 6.3 versus 64.1 ± 6.6, p < 0.001). The proportions of students who showed positive attitudes to psychiatry and mental illness were significantly increased on most of the items on ATP-30 and AMI after rotation ( p's = 0.027). Although there was a significant change after training, the percentage of the students who would consider psychiatry as their future medical specialty was still on a low level (6.5% versus 11.4%, before versus after rotation, p = 0.028). Conclusions: The results of our study suggested that psychiatry clerkship training may improve medical students' attitudes towards psychiatry and mental illness, but its influence on medical students' consideration to choose psychiatry as a future medical career is limited. The students who did not consider psychiatry as a future career held less positive attitudes to psychiatrists, psychiatric patients and the treatment.
Effect of Lowering the Glycemic Load With Canola Oil on Glycemic Control and Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Jenkins David J.A. , Kendall Cyril W.C. , Vuksan Vladimir , Faulkner Dorothea , Augustin Livia S.A. , Mitchell Sandra , Ireland Christopher , Srichaikul Korbua , Mirrahimi Arash , Chiavaroli Laura , Blanco Mejia Sonia , Nishi Stephanie , Sahye-Pudaruth Sandhya , Patel Darshna , Bashyam Balachandran , Vidgen Edward , de Souza Russell J. , Sievenpiper John L. , Coveney Judy , Josse Robert G. , Leiter Lawrence A. 
Published: June 2014

OBJECTIVE
Despite their independent cardiovascular disease (CVD) advantages, effects of α-linolenic acid (ALA), monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), and low-glycemic-load (GL) diets have not been assessed in combination. We therefore determined the combined effect of ALA, MUFA, and low GL on glycemic control and CVD risk factors in type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The study was a parallel design, randomized trial wherein each 3-month treatment was conducted in a Canadian academic center between March 2011 and September 2012 and involved 141 participants with type 2 diabetes (HbA1c 6.5%–8.5% [48–69 mmol/mol]) treated with oral antihyperglycemic agents. Participants were provided with dietary advice on either a low-GL diet with ALA and MUFA given as a canola oil–enriched bread supplement (31 g canola oil per 2,000 kcal) (test) or a whole-grain diet with a whole-wheat bread supplement (control). The primary outcome was HbA1c change. Secondary outcomes included calculated Framingham CVD risk score and reactive hyperemia index (RHI) ratio.

RESULTS
Seventy-nine percent of the test group and 90% of the control group completed the trial. The test diet reduction in HbA1c units of −0.47% (−5.15 mmol/mol) (95% CI −0.54% to −0.40% [−5.92 to −4.38 mmol/mol]) was greater than that for the control diet (−0.31% [−3.44 mmol/mol] [95% CI −0.38% to −0.25% (−4.17 to −2.71 mmol/mol)], P = 0.002), with the greatest benefit observed in those with higher systolic blood pressure (SBP). Greater reductions were seen in CVD risk score for the test diet, whereas the RHI ratio increased for the control diet.

CONCLUSIONS
A canola oil–enriched low-GL diet improved glycemic control in type 2 diabetes, particularly in participants with raised SBP, whereas whole grains improved vascular reactivity.
Prevalence of gastrointestinal helminthes in buffaloes in Barisal district of Bangladesh
Authors: Saha SS , Bhowmik DR , Chowdhury MMR 
Published: June 2014

A total 270 samples were collected from July 2012 to December 2012 from three upazilas (Barisal sadar, Bakergonj and Mehendigonj) of Barisal district to know the prevalence of gastrointestinal helminthes. Samples were collected in 10% neutral buffered formalin and shifted to Parasitology laboratory of the department of Pathology and Parasitology under the Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine (ANSVM) faculty of Patuakahli Science and Technology University. Samples were examined by direct smear method and simple sedimentation method of fecal sample examination technique. Among 270 samples 107 (39.6%) samples were found positive for gastrointestinal helminthes. Five types of helminthes were identified namely Fasciola gigantica (26.17%), Amphistomes (60.75%), Neoascaris vitulorum (1%), Schistosoma bovis (1%), Trichostrongylus axei (2%). The prevalence of mixed infection with Fasciola gigantica and Amphistomes was 9.34%. No cestode was found in this study. Comparative study among three different upazila shows highest prevalence in Barisal sadar (44%) and lowest in Mehendigonj (25%). Geographical location of different char island of Sadar upazila and season of sample collection may be the cause of highest prevalence of gastrointestinal helminthes in Sadar upazila of the district. Study period covered rainy season and part of winter season only. Highest parasitic ova were found in rainy season (44.32%) than winter season (29.41%). The age specific prevalence were 12.15%, 14.02%, 40.19%, 33.65% in 0-6 months, 7 months-2 years, 3 years- 6 years & 7 years - above respectively. History of administering anthelmintic (Levamisole hydrochloride) to the calf may be the cause of lowest prevalence of parasitic infection at early age in the study area. In this study, highest number (60.75%) of Amphistomes was found among positive cases. Some important Amphistomes of buffalo are Paramphistomum, Cotylophoron, Gigantocotyle, Gastrothylax etc. are difficult to differentiate through fecal sample examination. So, to understand the detail epidemiology, at least a year study using gross morphological examination with molecular characterization of helminthes is needed.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v11i2.19137Bangl.J.Vet.Med. (2013).11(2): 131-135
Biochemical and immunological characterization of anthrax spore vaccine in goat
Authors: Roy P. Roy , Rashid MM , Ferdoush MJ , Dipti M , Chowdury MGA , Mostofa MG , Roy SK , Khan MAHNA , Hossain MM 
Published: June 2014

Anthrax is caused by Bacillus anthracis bacterium and an acute infectious febrile septicemic disease of all warm-blooded animals including human. It is a disease of major economic importance in ruminant specially in goat characterized principally by a rapid fatal course followed by sudden death. The present investigation was under taken to determine the biochemical characterization of anthrax spore vaccine bacteria and to determine the immunological response in goat after anthrax vaccination. Anthrax vaccine was collected from local government veterinary hospital, Mymensingh which was prepared by LRI. The goats were selected from different regions of Bangladesh. The used methods were culture of vaccine bacterial sediment in different media, staining of bacteria with Grams stain, and sugar fermentation tests for biochemical characterization of anthrax vaccine bacteria. Slide agglutination test and indirect ELISA tests were performed for immunological response after vaccination. Morphologically anthrax vaccine bacteria was gram positive rod shaped or short chain in anthrax vaccine sediment, culture in nutrient agar and nutrient broth. The anthrax vaccine bacteria fermented three sugars (dextrose, maltose and sucrose) and produced only acid but did not ferment two sugars (lactose and mannitol). Immunuglobulin of collected serum (Day0, Day30 and Day90) also agglutinated anthrax antigen on Day 30 and Day 90 of post immunization and onwards. Indirect ELISA provided evidence that immunization of captive and free range goat generated level of anti anthrax 1gG antibody response at Day 0 (OD Value 0.5474±0.0466) of immunization and reached its peak at Day 30 (OD Value 0.9604±0.0936) and maintained that level up to the end of the study (Day 90, OD Value 1.217±0.1129). After vaccination, immunological response was found in goat. However whether this immune response can protect natural anthrax infection need to be evaluated through challenge dose of fields isolates of Bacillus anthracis in future.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v11i2.19140Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2013).11(2): 151-157
Ischemic Digital Ulcers Affect Hand Disability and Pain in Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Mouthon Luc , Carpentier Patrick H. , Lok Catherine , Clerson Pierre , Gressin Virginie , Hachulla Eric , Bérezné Alice , Diot Elisabeth , Khau Van Kien Aurélie , Jego Patrick , Agard Christian , Duval-Modeste Anne Bénédicte , Sparsa Agnès , Puzenat Eve , Richard Marie-Aleth ,   on behalf of the ECLIPSE Study Investigators
Published: June 2014

Objective.Ischemic digital ulcers (DU) are frequent and severe complications of systemic sclerosis (SSc). The purpose of our study was to assess the effect of DU on hand disability and pain in patients with SSc.Methods.The Evaluation of the Impact of Recurrent Ischemic DU on Hand Disability in Patients with SSc (ECLIPSE) is a prospective, multicenter, noninterventional study with a 2-year followup. Patients with SSc who experienced at least 1 DU in the previous year and received bosentan therapy were included between October 2009 and March 2011. This cohort is described at the time of inclusion.Results.There were 190 patients (132 females) from 53 centers. Mean age ± SD was 43 ± 15 years at SSc diagnosis and 53 ± 15 years at inclusion. In 105 patients (56.2%), DU were the first non-Raynaud symptoms of SSc. The mean time interval between the occurrence of Raynaud phenomenon and the first DU episode was 6.6 ± 9.1 years. The mean numbers of active DU and fingers affected per patient for both hands were 2.3 ± 1.8 and 2.2 ± 1.6, respectively. Presence of active DU at inclusion was significantly associated with pain and impaired hand function: Visual Analog Scale for pain (0 to 10) was 6.2 ± 2.6 versus 2.5 ± 2.4 (p < 0.0001) and Cochin Hand Function Scale for hand disability (0 to 90) was 38 ± 20 versus 25 ± 19 (p < 0.0001), respectively.Conclusion.DU represent a major sign of SSc, often affecting multiple fingers and both hands. They are significantly associated with pain and hand disability.
Analysis of the Effect of the Oral Contraceptive Pill on Clinical Outcomes in Women with Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: Mahendira Dharini , Thavaneswaran Arane , Carty Adele , Haroon Nigil , Anton Ammepa , Passalent Laura , Alnaqbi Khalid A. , Savage Laurie , Aslanyan Elin , Inman Robert D. 
Published: June 2014

Objective.There are unexplained sex-specific changes in the clinical expression of ankylosing spondylitis (AS). We sought to examine the potential effect of exogenous estrogen in the form of oral contraceptive pills (OCP) on AS initiation and severity.Methods.This cross-sectional study consisted of women with AS from the membership of the Spondylitis Association of America. Measures of disease severity included use of biological agents and hip replacement surgery, while Bath AS Functional Index (BASFI) scores served as a surrogate marker of disability. Information was obtained using a patient questionnaire on patient demographics, OCP use, pregnancy history, AS duration, medication use, and hip replacement.Results.There were 571 women with AS who participated in our study, consisting of 448 OCP ever-users and 123 non-OCP users. The mean age of OCP users was 42.7 yrs (± 11.5) and of non-OCP users, 48.4 yrs (± 12.1). No difference was noted in the age at initial onset of back pain. However, OCP users were significantly younger at the time of diagnosis of AS (36.5 yrs vs 39.1 yrs, p = 0.02). There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in tumor necrosis factor inhibitor or opioid use, BASFI scores, pregnancy complications, or hip surgery.Conclusion.The use of exogenous estrogens in the form of OCP is not associated with a measurable effect on initiation or severity of AS. Biologic and social factors may contribute to earlier diagnosis of AS in OCP users. This is the largest study to date investigating the potential effect of exogenous estrogens in women with AS.
English Language Proficiency, Health Literacy, and Trust in Physician Are Associated with Shared Decision Making in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Barton Jennifer L. , Trupin Laura , Tonner Chris , Imboden John , Katz Patricia , Schillinger Dean , Yelin Edward 
Published: June 2014

Objective.Treat-to-target guidelines promote shared decision making (SDM) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Also, because of high cost and potential toxicity of therapies, SDM is central to patient safety. Our objective was to examine patterns of perceived communication around decision making in 2 cohorts of adults with RA.Methods.Data were derived from patients enrolled in 1 of 2 longitudinal, observational cohorts [University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) RA Cohort and RA Panel Cohort]. Subjects completed a telephone interview in their preferred language that included a measure of patient-provider communication, including items about decision making. Measures of trust in physician, education, and language proficiency were also asked. Logistic regression was performed to identify correlates of suboptimal SDM communication. Analyses were performed on each sample separately.Results.Of 509 patients across 2 cohorts, 30% and 32% reported suboptimal SDM communication. Low trust in physician was independently associated with suboptimal SDM communication in both cohorts. Older age and limited English proficiency were independently associated with suboptimal SDM in the UCSF RA Cohort, as was limited health literacy in the RA Panel Cohort.Conclusion.This study of over 500 adults with RA from 2 demographically distinct cohorts found that nearly one-third of subjects report suboptimal SDM communication with their clinicians, regardless of cohort. Lower trust in physician was independently associated with suboptimal SDM communication in both cohorts, as was limited English language proficiency and older age in the UCSF RA Cohort and limited health literacy in the RA Panel Cohort. These findings underscore the need to examine the influence of SDM on health outcomes in RA.
"Cult collectors: Nostalgia, fandom and collecting popular culture," by Lincoln Geraghty
Authors: Duffy Michael S. 
Published: June 2014

Review of Lincoln Geraghty. Cult collectors: Nostalgia, fandom and collecting popular culture. New York: Routledge, 2014. Paperback, $39.95 (224p) ISBN 978-0-415-61766-6..
Targeting of TLRs Inhibits CD4+ Regulatory T Cell Function and Activates Lymphocytes in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells
Authors: Voo Kui Shin , Bover Laura , Harline Megan Lundell , Weng Jinsheng , Sugimoto Naoshi , Liu Yong-Jun 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests elements within tumors induce exhaustion of effector T cells and infiltration of immunosuppressive regulatory T cells (Tregs), thus preventing the development of durable antitumor immunity. Therefore, the discovery of agents that simultaneously block Treg suppressive function and reinvigorate effector function of lymphocytes is key to the development of effective cancer immunotherapy. Previous studies have shown that TLR ligands (TLRLs) could modulate the function of these T cell targets; however, those studies relied on cell-free or accessory cell-based assay systems that do not accurately reflect in vivo responses. In contrast, we used a human PBMC-based proliferation assay system to simultaneously monitor the effect of TLRLs on T cells (CD4+, CD8+, Tregs), B cells, and NK cells, which gave different and even conflicting results. We found that the TLR7/8L:CL097 could simultaneously activate CD8+ T cells, B cells, and NK cells plus block Treg suppression of T cells and B cells. The TLRLs TLR1/2L:Pam3CSK4, TLR5L:flagellin, TLR4L:LPS, and TLR8/7L:CL075 also blocked Treg suppression of CD4+ or CD8+ T cell proliferation, but not B cell proliferation. Besides CL097, TLR2L:PGN, CL075, and TLR9L:CpG-A, CpG-B, and CpG-C) were strong activators of NK cells. Importantly, we found that Pam3CSK4 could: 1) activate CD4+ T cell proliferation, 2) inhibit the expansion of IL-10+ naturally occurring FOXP3+ Tregs and induction of IL-10+ CD4+ Tregs (IL-10–producing type 1 Treg), and 3) block naturally occurring FOXP3+ Tregs suppressive function. Our results suggest these agents could serve as adjuvants to enhance the efficacy of current immunotherapeutic strategies in cancer patients.