bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do investors benefit from good corporate governance?
Authors: Shank Todd , Paul Hill Ronald , Stang John 
Published: August 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the continuing search for evidence that good corporate governance leads to positive organizational outcomes, and it presents a unique perspective on this issue based on firm size.Design/methodology/approachThe study utilized a comprehensive measure of governance as well as a risk‐adjusted measure of share price in its comparisons between companies known for good governance and broader markets composed of similar‐sized firms.FindingsThe findings show evidence of better risk‐adjusted performance across all recent sub‐periods (three‐, five‐, and ten‐year) for the firms in the smallest market capitalization category. Better risk‐adjusted returns were earned for only the ten‐year period for the largest firms and the overall US market. Mid‐cap stocks were not significant in any of the three periods studied. The fact that the small cap stocks showed significance for all three sub‐periods indicates the relationship between good corporate governance practices and the financial success of a company is the strongest for smaller firms and is more likely to be experienced in longer time horizons for most firms, small and large.Research limitations/implicationsInvestigations of this seminal issue have produced mixed results because the operational definitions of governance often are too narrow, the timeframes for impact are too constricted, and the comparisons are too broad. In addition, the use of a novel approach for understanding why these findings may hold true provides scholars with new avenues for thinking about and modeling the governance‐performance relationship.Practical implicationsGood governance matters and requires managers and policy makers to find the appropriate context in order to have meaningful comparisons.Social implicationsThe paper supports the “doing well while doing good” paradigm for both individual and institutional investors' investment choices by showing that selecting firms that practice good corporate governance can be a long‐term value‐maximizing strategy.Originality/valueA major nuance from other studies of the impact of a firm's corporate governance performance on its financial performance is the authors' use of four sub‐categories of companies based on market capitalization/firm size. Findings ultimately show whether investors/owners reward corporate governance via stock purchases, and if so, how this relationship may have changed over the past decade according to various markets and risk‐adjusted returns.
CEO emotional intelligence and board of directors' efficiency
Authors: Azouzi Mohamed Ali , Jarboui Anis 
Published: August 2013

PurposeThis paper deals with the relationship existing between the emotional aspect and decision‐making processes. More specifically, it examines the links between emotional intelligence, decision biases and effectiveness of the governance mechanisms. The primary purposes of this paper are to: consider emotional intelligence as new research ideas that make important contributions to society; offer suggestions for improving manuscripts submitted to Consortium for Research on Emotional Intelligence in Organizations; and discuss methods for enhancing the validity of inferences made from research.Design/methodology/approachThe paper explains that the main cause of organization's problems is CEO emotional intelligence level. The authors use three models (linear regression and logistic binary regression) to examine this relation: every model treats the relationship between emotional intelligence and one of efficiency criteria of the board. Emotional intelligence has been measured according to Schutte et al.'s Shutte Self Report Emotional Intelligence Scale (SSREI), with a high internal validity level. The four cognitive biases have been measured by means of a questionnaire comprising several items and the selected sample was composed of some180 Tunisian executives (belonging to 60 firms).FindingsThe results revealed that the presence of a high emotional intelligence rate is not always positively correlated with the executives' suggestibility with respect to behavioural biases. They have also affirmed the existence of a complementarity relationship between emotional intelligence and the directors' board. Authors need to consider that emotion which minimizes CEO emotional biases and provides director's board effectiveness.Research limitations/implicationsThis article has implications for the development of CEO emotional intelligence capacity. Also, some psychological aspects of a theoretical nature could not be wholly approached in a complete empirical way.Practical implicationsThe paper pushes organizations to select managers based on their levels of emotional intelligence (apply tests of emotional intelligence in place psychometric tests). Also, it increases the validity of inferences made from research in the field.Social implicationsThis paper incites governments to establish training programs aimed at the development of learning of emotional intelligence. Thus, it has important implications for enhancing the well‐being of individuals, organizations and society as a whole.Originality/valueActually, for the sake improving the explanatory power of a legal‐financial approach of governance, the behavioural dimension has been integrated for a more thorough analysis of the directors' board role. The authors' goal consists in highlighting the role played by emotional intelligence as a skill or tool available for the manager or controller to minimize the behavioural biases (bias of loss aversion, optimism, over‐confidence and lack of cognitive flexibility), and achieves an effective control.
Enterprise resource planning, operations and management
Authors: Sundtoft Hald Kim , Mouritsen Jan 
Published: August 2013

PurposeThis research aims to explore the enabling and constraining effects of enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems and speculate on how these can be linked to the four generic roles of operations management (OM) proposed by Slacket al.Design/methodology/approachThis research understands ERP as boundary objects characterised by modularity, abstraction, accommodation, and standardization. An in‐depth cross‐disciplinary literature review and role synthesis is conducted.FindingsFour enabling and three constraining effects of ERP are deduced from existing literature. ERP and OM are linked conceptually. Based on the identified effects of ERP, the paper speculates on the managerial tasks of the production and operations manager (POM) in an ERP environment and lists a set of central concerns of potential relevance to POM and to future research.Research limitations/implicationsThe identified roles of ERP and their implications could be empirically tested using case based and survey research.Practical implicationsThe results provide insights into how ERP has multiple and parallel roles, and how these roles are relevant to the function of OM. Such knowledge is valuable for practicing POMs in managing the implementation and design of ERP to support the different domains of OM.Originality/valueCurrent studies of the effects of ERP and their link to the practice of OM tend to focus on one or a few roles of the emerging system. Such studies do not properly take into account the modularised and pluralistic nature of ERP. This research provides a platform from where future research on the effects, managerial dilemmas and implications of ERP can be reconciled across research communities.
An analysis of the contribution of leadership to organisational performance using complexity science
Authors: Nienaber Hester , Svensson Göran 
Published: August 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the leadership tasks at the different hierarchical levels in the organisation in terms of the teleological approaches to complexity science.Design/methodology/approachIt is based upon a theoretical discussion linked to conceptual and managerial frameworks in conjunction with a conceptual analysis.FindingsThe introduced conceptual and managerial frameworks provide a foundation to the understanding of organisational performance. They also strive to offer a foundation of understanding to management and leadership and how they complement each other.Research limitations/implicationsIt is not easy to empirically substantiate complexity in conceptual and managerial frameworks. The authors use teleological approaches of complexity science in an unorthodox way that need validation in a broader context offering opportunities for further research.Practical implicationsWe need to think differently about organisational performance and how we present and reflect on information that appears to be “linear” although it is not necessarily the case.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to an alternative assessment organisational performance. It endeavours to reflect on the complexity of organisations and taking into account a pluralistic approach that synthesises a variety of perspectives, including a bottom‐up approach to problem solving.
Power, politics & learning: a social enactment of the SME owner/manager
Authors: Higgins David , Mirza Mohammed , Drozynska Anna 
Published: August 2013

PurposeThe article aims to explore critically and contribute to the development of the social learning debate by providing a conceptual analysis of the influential and meditational role played by power and politics in the small and medium‐sized enterprise (referred to hereafter as SME) owner/manager's practice. One of the key influencing elements in the SME on the learning process is that of the owner/manager, having both the power and legitimacy to influence practice.Design/methodology/approachThe article adopts a social constructionist perspective, which enables and recognises a participatory view of the world. Such a perspective enables one to draw attention to the situated, mediate and local nature of practice and learning.FindingsThe article's perspective is connected to the belief that learning stems from the participation of individuals in complex social activities, by recognising that power relations can directly mediate the interpretative ideologies within social interactions.Practical implicationsThe article seeks to draw attention to the social conflicts that are experienced by SME owner/managers. The issue of power and politics has not featured strongly in current debates surrounding learning and the SME owner/manager; current writings have tended not to explore the relevance of these issues.Originality/valueThe article builds on and seeks to extend the recent writings surrounding learning and the SME owner/manager, the emphasis of which is social dynamic and emergent nature, by drawing on the mediated nature of social practice, revealing the influence of both power relations and politics that underpin learning in the social context of the SME owner/manager.
Understanding transitions in professional practice and learning
Authors: Fenwick Tara 
Published: August 2013

PurposeMuch research to date on professional transitions has focused on predicting them and then preparing individual practitioners to navigate transitions as sites of struggle. The purpose of this paper is to critically examine, within the context of professional practice and learning, diverse theoretical approaches that are currently prominent in researching transitions and to propose future directions for research.Design/methodology/approachThe paper begins by describing work contexts integral with professional transitions: regulation, governance and accountability; new work structures; and knowledge development. The discussion then examines transitions research in developmental psychology, lifecourse sociology, and career studies. These perspectives are compared critically in terms of questions and approaches, contributions to understanding professional transitions, and limitations.FindingsThe implications for educators are a series of critical questions about research and education directed to support transitions in professional learning and work. Future directions and questions for research in professional transitions are suggested in the final section, along with implications for supporting professional learning in these transitions.Originality/valueThe paper is not intended to be comprehensive, but to identify issues for the reader's consideration in thinking about various forms of transition being experienced by professions and professionals. The discussion is theory‐based, exploratory, and indicative, rather than definitive.
Efficacy of Series Double Continuous Hemodiafiltration Using Two Polymethyl Methacrylate Membrane Hemofilters for Patients With Hypercytokinemia
Authors: Ooishi Yoshihide , Ishii Takanori , Takahata Tomohiro , Inagaki Nobuhiro , Akizuki Noboru , Isakozawa Yutaka , Takesawa Shingo , Hirasawa Hiroyuki 
Published: August 2013

AbstractContinuous hemodiafiltration using a hemofilter made from a membrane with cytokine adsorption properties is thought to be effective to remove cytokines in septic patients. In order to enhance cytokine removal capacity by increasing adsorption area, we devised a double polymethyl methacrylate continuous hemodiafiltration method, which involves serial connection of two polymethyl methacrylate membrane hemofilters, and we report clinical efficacy with this method. Of 74 patients who underwent continuous hemodiafiltration and had interleukin‐6 blood levels measured during their ICU stay between March 2010 and June 2012, 13 patients with hypercytokinemia (interleukin‐6 blood level >900 pg/mL) underwent series double continuous hemodiafiltration to be treated for hypercytokinemia. Cytokine reduction rate and clinical efficacy were compared between those 13 patients and those with a similar pathological condition who underwent continuous hemodiafiltration using the single polymethyl methacrylate membrane hemofilter. Interleukin‐6 blood levels 6 h after continuous hemodiafiltration initiation increased in the single continuous hemodiafiltration group from 17040 ± 33660 pg/mL to 26290 ± 66250 pg/mL; however, interleukin‐6 blood level significantly decreased in the series double continuous hemodiafiltration group from 20220 ± 29120 pg/mL to 6790 ± 10820 pg/mL. Interleukin‐6 reduction rate during the period between initiation and 6 h after initiation of continuous hemodiafiltration was significantly higher in the series double continuous hemodiafiltration group(63.5 ± 38.9%) compared to that of the single continuous hemodiafiltration group (–342 ± 1306%)(P = 0.039). Series double continuous hemodiafiltration using two polymethyl methacrylate hemofilters with cytokine adsorbing capacity is effective to remove cytokine in hypercytokinemic septic patients.
Optimal Design of the Hydrodynamic Multi‐Arc Bearing in a Centrifugal Blood Pump for the Improvement of Bearing Stiffness and Hemolysis Level
Authors: Yasui Kazuya , Kosaka Ryo , Nishida Masahiro , Maruyama Osamu , Kawaguchi Yasuo , Yamane Takashi 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe purpose of the present study is to establish an optimal design of the multi‐arc hydrodynamic bearing in a centrifugal blood pump for the improvement of bearing stiffness and hemolysis level. The multi‐arc bearing was designed to fulfill the required specifications: (i) ensuring the uniform bearing stiffness for various bearing angles; (ii) ensuring a higher bearing stiffness than the centrifugal force to prevent impeller whirl; and (iii) adjusting the bearing clearance as much as possible to reduce hemolysis. First, a numerical analysis was performed to optimize three design parameters of the multi‐arc bearing: number of arcs N, bearing clearance C, and groove depth H. To validate the accuracy of the numerical analysis, the impeller trajectories for six pump models were measured. Finally, an in vitro hemolysis test was conducted to evaluate the hemolytic property of the multi‐arc bearing. As a result of the numerical analysis, the optimal parameter combination was determined as follows: N = 4, C = 100 μm, and H ≥ 100 μm. In the measurements of the impeller trajectory, the optimal parameter combination was found to be as follows: N = 4, C = 90 μm, and H = 100 μm. This result demonstrated the high reliability of the numerical analysis. In the hemolysis test, the parameter combination that achieved the smallest hemolysis was obtained as follows: N = 4, C = 90 μm, and H = 100 μm. In conclusion, the multi‐arc bearing could be optimized for the improvement of bearing stiffness and hemolysis level.
Differences Between Blood and a Newtonian Fluid on the Performance of a Hydrodynamic Bearing for Rotary Blood Pumps
Authors: Amaral Felipe , Egger Christina , Steinseifer Ulrich , Schmitz‐Rode Thomas 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAssuming that blood has a constant viscosity is a common practice when designing rotary blood pumps (RBPs), where shear stresses are generally higher than in the human body. This eases the design and allows numerical simulations and bench top experiments to be performed with Newtonian fluids. However, specific flow conditions may cause a change in cell distribution leading to an apparent lower blood viscosity. It has been observed that decreasing the vessel diameters and increasing flow velocities contribute to this effect. Because a hydrodynamic bearing operates under flow conditions following this pattern, it is important to verify whether this effect also takes place when this type of bearing is applied to a RBP. Because the operation of a hydrodynamic bearing depends directly on the fluid viscosity, a local change in cell distribution in the bearing gap can be reflected in changes in the bearing performance. In this work, a spiral groove hydrodynamic bearing was tested with porcine blood in a specially built test rig. The generated suspension force, cross flow, and bearing torque were recorded and compared with the reference response when using a solution of water and glycerol. Experiments with porcine blood yielded lower suspension forces, lower flows, and lower bearing torques than when using the glycerol solution. An explanation could be a lower apparent viscosity due to inhomogeneity of blood cell concentrations. Therefore, it is crucial to consider the effective blood viscosity when designing hydrodynamic bearings for RBPs and performing experiments.
Computed tomographic anatomy of the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses and tympanic cavity of the koala
Authors: Hemsley S , Palmer H , Canfield RB , Stewart MEB , Krockenberger MB , Malik R 
Published: August 2013

ObjectiveTo use cross‐sectional imaging (helical computed tomography (CT)) combined with conventional anatomical dissection to define the normal anatomy of the nasal cavity and bony cavitations of the koala skull.MethodsHelical CT scans of the heads of nine adult animals were obtained using a multislice scanner acquiring thin slices reconstructed in the transverse, sagittal and dorsal planes. Subsequent anatomical dissection permitted confirmation of correct identification and further delineation of bony and air‐filled structures visible in axial and multiplanar reformatted CT images.ResultsThe nasal cavity was relatively simple, with little scrolling of nasal conchae, but bony cavitations were complex and extensive. A rostral maxillary recess and ventral conchal, caudal maxillary, frontal and sphenoidal paranasal sinuses were identified and characterised. Extensive temporal bone cavitation was shown to be related to a large epitympanic recess.ConclusionsThe detailed anatomical data provided are applicable to future functional and comparative anatomical studies, as well as providing a preliminary atlas for clinical investigation of conditions such as cryptococcal rhinosinusitis, a condition more common in the koala than in many other species.
Diagnosis, pathogenesis and treatment of myositis: recent advances
Authors: Carstens P -O , Schmidt J 
Published: August 2013

SummaryDermatomyositis (DM), polymyositis (PM), necrotizing myopathy (NM) and inclusion body myositis (IBM) are four distinct subtypes of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies – in short myositis. Recent studies have shed some light on the unique pathogenesis of each entity. Some of the clinical features are distinct, but muscle biopsy is indispensable for making a reliable diagnosis. The use of magnetic resonance imaging of skeletal muscles and detection of myositis-specific autoantibodies have become useful additions to our diagnostic repertoire. Only few controlled trials are available to substantiate current treatment approaches for myositis and hopes are high that novel modalities will become available within the next few years. In this review we provide an up-to-date overview of the pathogenesis and diagnostic approach of myositis. We aim to present a guide towards therapeutic and general management.
Modified Implant Surface with Slower and Less Initial Biofilm Formation
Authors: John Gordon , Becker Jürgen , Schwarz Frank 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundPeri‐implant mucositis and peri‐implantitis are a raising issue in dental implantology. Peri‐implant infections are mainly caused by the formation of biofilm. Different surface textures exhibit various conditions for biofilm formation resulting in several speed of maturation and development.Materials and MethodsOn three different titanium implant surfaces, machined‐surface (M), sandblasted large grit, and acid‐etched surface (SLA) and machined‐modified acid‐etched surface (mod MA) initial biofilms were collected. Plaque formation was investigated by erythrosine staining and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX). For testing the biocompatibility of these plaque‐settled surfaces, autoclaved specimens were settled with human gingival fibroblasts, and cell viability was tested.ResultsThe mean initial plaque surface was detected in the following descending order: M > SLA > mod MA. The differences between these groups were significant. The highest cell viability was detected in the M groups, whereas mod MA and SLA showed comparable results. The results of initial biofilm formation were proved by EDX.ConclusionsWithin the limitations of this study, conclusion can be made that mod MA surface shows significant slower initial biofilm formation which could be an advantage in initial transgingival healing process and also an easement for oral hygiene of patients because maturation of plaque is retarded, and immature biofilms are easier to remove.
Testing the phylogenetic position of Cambrian pancrustacean larval fossils by coding ontogenetic stages
Authors: Wolfe Joanna M. , Hegna Thomas A. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe study of ontogeny as an integral part of understanding the pattern of evolution dates back over 200 years, but only recently have ontogenetic data been explicitly incorporated into phylogenetic analyses. Pancrustaceans undergo radical ontogenetic changes. The spectacular upper Cambrian “Orsten” fauna preserves phosphatized fossil larvae, including putative crown‐group pancrustaceans with amazingly complete developmental sequences. The putative presence and nature of adult stages remains a source of debate, causing spurious placements in a traditional morphological analysis. We introduce a new coding method where each semaphoront (discrete larval or adult stage) is considered an operational taxonomic unit. This avoids a priori assumptions of heterochrony. Characters and their states are defined to identify changes in morphology throughout ontogeny. Phylogenetic analyses of semaphoronts produced possible relationships of each Orsten fossil to the crown‐group clade expected from morphology shared with extant larvae. Bredocaris is a member of the stem lineage of Thecostraca or (Thecostraca + Copepoda), and Yicaris and Rehbachiella are probably members of the stem lineage of Cephalocarida. These placements rely directly on comparisons between extant and fossil larval character states. The position of Phosphatocopina remains unresolved. This method may have broader applications to other phylogenetic problems which may rely on ontogenetically variable homology statements.