bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research Review: Independent living programmes: the influence on youth ageing out of care (YAO)
Authors: Yelick Anna 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIndependent living programmes (ILPs) aid in promoting productive outcomes for youth ageing out of care (YAO). This narrative review aimed to determine if sufficient evidence exists to substantiate statements regarding the effectiveness of ILPs based upon outcome studies published from January 2006 through December 2012. Are current ILPs effectively promoting independent living and productive outcomes among youth leaving foster care, relative to similar youth who do not participate in an ILP? Six studies published in English, in the USA and in peer‐reviewed journals included non‐experimental design (n = 1), quantitative designs (n = 2), mixed methods design (n = 2) and randomized design (n = 1). Five outcomes addressing education, employment, housing, mental health, and living skills emerged. Weak evidence that ILPs effectively aid YAO exists. Additionally, inconsistencies exist in methodology. Finally, differences in important components in the ILPs exist, making comparisons difficult.
Combining dyeing and wrinkle‐resistance finishing of cotton in a one‐step process using a hemicyanine fluorescent dye
Authors: Zhang Wei , Zhang Yan , Qin Chuanxiang , Chen Guoqiang 
Published: January 2015

Combining dyeing and wrinkle‐resistance finishing of cotton in a one‐step process using a hemicyanine fluorescent dye DHEASPBr‐C2 was investigated in this paper. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, a fixation test, extraction with boiling N,N‐dimethylformamide, and a colour fastness test certified that DHEASPBr‐C2 was linked to the cotton fibre through covalent bonds. The results showed that dyed cotton fabric using DHEASPBr‐C2 had an obvious fluorescent effect in the range 550–700 nm, and the emission peak location was 588–590 nm. In addition, the dyed fabric met the EN471:2003 standard for chromaticity and could be used in high‐visibility warning clothing.
Lipidomic Profiling of Sinus Mucosa from Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Fazlollahi Farbod , Kongmanas Kessiri , Tanphaichitr Nongnuj , Clair Jon Mallen‐St. , Gopen Quinton , Faull Kym F. , Suh Jeffrey D. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractSinusitis is a cause of significant morbidity, substantial healthcare costs, and negative effects on quality of life. The primary objective of this study is to characterize the previously unknown lipid profile of sinonasal mucosa from patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and from controls. Sinus mucosa samples were analyzed from 9 CRS patients with concomitant nasal polyps, 11 CRS patients without polyps, and 12 controls. Ten lone polyp samples were also analyzed. Samples were subjected to a modified Bligh/Dyer lipid extraction, then high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC), combined gas chromatography/electron impact‐mass spectrometry (GC/EI‐MS), and flow‐injection/electrospray ionization‐tandem mass spectrometry (FI/ESI‐MS/MS). Data was analyzed for identification and profiling of major components. HPTLC revealed an array of species reflecting the lipid complexity of the samples. GC/EI‐MS revealed cholesterol and several fatty acids. FI/ESI‐MSMS revealed numerous lipid species, namely a host of phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylethanolamines, ceramides and cholesteryl esters, but no detectable amounts of phosphatidyinositols or sulfated lipids. These results are a first step to uncover unique molecular biomarkers in CRS.
Model for a Patient‐Centered Comparative Effectiveness Research Center
Authors: Costlow Monica R. , Landsittel Douglas P. , James A. Everette , Kahn Jeremy M. , Morton Sally C. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis special report describes the systematic approach the University of Pittsburgh and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) undertook in creating an infrastructure for comparative effectiveness and patient‐centered outcomes research resources. We specifically highlight the administrative structure, communication and training opportunities, stakeholder engagement resources, and support services offered.
Day‐by‐day variation in affect, arousal and alcohol consumption in young adults
Authors: Peacock Amy , Cash Catherine , Bruno Raimondo , Ferguson Stuart G. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIntroduction and AimsAlcohol consumption has a well‐established relationship with mood, with higher positive and negative affect predicting alcohol use. More recently, researchers have explored whether alcohol consumption occurs as a response to affect variability as an attempt to self‐medicate and stabilise affect. Studies have revealed a positive association between alcohol use and intra‐ and inter‐individual affect variability in clinical and university student samples; however not much is known of this relationship among the general community.Design and MethodsEcological Momentary Assessment (EMA) methods were used to investigate the relationship between affect and arousal variability and alcohol use in 53 community volunteers. Participants self‐reported affect and arousal at three to five randomly timed moments throughout the day, as well as every time they drank.ResultsOn a day‐to‐day basis, higher positive affect was associated with increased alcohol consumption. When analyses were restricted to self‐reported affect prior to alcohol consumption, only increased arousal and decreased variability in arousal predicted the likelihood of alcohol consumption. Mean level of arousal was associated with the extent of alcohol consumed.Discussion and ConclusionsIn this moderate drinking sample day‐to‐day affect and arousal, and arousal variability, were associated with alcohol consumption. Analyses restricted to pre‐drinking observations provide further evidence that self‐medication accounts of alcohol consumption may explain drinking initiation but that the relationship between affect factors and drinking behaviour may change around the point of first drink. [Peacock A, Cash C, Bruno R, Ferguson SG. Day‐by‐day variation in affect, arousal and alcohol consumption in young adults. Drug Alcohol Rev 2015;34:588–94]
Quantifying and interpreting nestedness in habitat islands: a synthetic analysis of multiple datasets
Authors: Matthews Thomas J. , Cottee‐Jones H. Eden W. , Whittaker Robert J. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAimThe concept of nestedness is important in determining the relative contribution to overall system diversity of different habitat patches within a fragmented system. Much of the previous work on nestedness has focused on islands within oceans (islands sensu stricto). The largest analysis of habitat island systems to date found significant nestedness to be a near universal feature, but the methods used have since been criticized as inappropriate. Thus, there is a need for an updated, critical examination of the prevalence, underlying drivers and implications of nestedness in multiple habitat island systems.LocationGlobal.MethodsHere, we collate 97 datasets from published habitat island studies, comprising multiple taxa. We use the NODF metric (nestedness metric based on overlap and decreasing fill) to estimate nestedness and determine significance using the four‐step proportional–proportional algorithm to simulate presences/absence matrices. We investigate the role of habitat island area in driving observed nestedness. We use linear modelling to examine the impact of dataset characteristics on the degree of nestedness and assess the conservation biogeographic implications of nestedness in relation to strategic conservation planning.ResultsSignificant nestedness occurred in only 9% of systems, whilst anti‐nestedness (i.e. datasets less nested than expected by chance) occurred in 16% of systems. For the majority of datasets found to be significantly nested, we observed a relationship with fragment area, suggesting that structured extinctions may be important in determining the composition of certain habitat island communities. We found that the degree of nestedness in an archipelago is an important consideration for systematic conservation planning.Main conclusionsSignificant nestedness is considerably less common in habitat islands than previously reported. Strategic guidance for conservation planning should proceed on a case by case basis, and previous conservation recommendations based on the assumption of significant nestedness in most fragmented landscapes may need to be re‐evaluated.
Climate‐driven changes in winter abundance of a migratory waterbird in relation to EU protected areas
Authors: Pavón‐Jordán Diego , Fox Anthony D. , Clausen Preben , Dagys Mindaugas , Deceuninck Bernard , Devos Koen , Hearn Richard D. , Holt Chas A. , Hornman Menno , Keller Verena , Langendoen Tom , Ławicki Łukasz , Lorentsen Svein H. , Luigujõe Leho , Meissner Włodzimierz , Musil Petr , Nilsson Leif , Paquet Jean‐Yves , Stipniece Antra , Stroud David A. , Wahl Johannes , Zenatello Marco , Lehikoinen Aleksi 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAimSpecies are responding to climate change by changing their distributions, creating debate about the effectiveness of existing networks of protected areas. As a contribution to this debate, we assess whether regional winter abundances and distribution of the SmewMergellus albellus, a migratory waterbird species listed on Annex I (EUBirds Directive) that overwinters exclusively in European wetlands, changed during 1990–2011, the role of global warming in driving distributional changes and the effectiveness of the network of Special Protection Areas (SPAs,EUBirds Directive) in the context of climate change.LocationEurope.MethodsWe used site‐specific counts (6,883 sites) from 16 countries covering the entire flyway to estimate annual abundance indices and trends at country, region (north‐eastern, central and south‐western) and flyway scales, inside and outsideSPAs. We fitted autoregressive models to assess the effect of winter temperature on the annual abundance indices whilst accounting for autocorrelation.ResultsThe Smew wintering distribution shifted north‐eastwards in Europe in accordance with the predictions of global warming, with increasing numbers in the north‐eastern region and declines in the central region. Trends in wintering numbers were more positive inSPAs on the north‐eastern and south‐western part of the flyway. However, a large proportion of the wintering population remains unprotected in north‐eastern areas outside of the existingSPAnetwork.Main conclusionsSPAs accommodated climate‐driven abundance changes in the north‐eastern region of the wintering distribution by supporting increasing numbers of Smew in traditional and newly colonized areas. However, we highlight gaps in the current network, suggesting that urgent policy responses are needed. Given rapid changes in species distributions, we urge regular national and international assessments of the adequacy of theEUNatura 2000 network to ensure coherence in site‐safeguard networks for this and other species.
Use of medication algorithms in first episode psychosis: a naturalistic observational study
Authors: Yeisen Rafal A.H. , Joa Inge , Johannessen Jan Olav , Opjordsmoen Stein 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAimsMedical algorithms are evidence‐based guidelines which help physicians to make their decisions regarding treatment. Non‐adherence to medical algorithms is a matter of concern. The aims of this study were to investigate physicians' adherence to an algorithm for antipsychotics, patients' adherence to the physicians' recommendations and whether these factors influence one year outcome.MethodAn extensive file audit survey was conducted among 55 consecutively first admitted inpatients and outpatients from three units of a university hospital; looking at the prescription of antipsychotics to patients (15–65 years) experiencing first episode psychosis (F19.5, F20.0–F29.0 according to ICD‐10). Inclusion period was 2 years. Data on clinical condition and use of drugs were collected from the electronic patient administrative record system and from each patient's medical record for 12 months.ResultsOnly 62% of the physicians adhered to the medical algorithm, although all first choices of drugs were made according to international standards. Fifty‐six percent of patients used their medicine more than 75% of the time, 22% had between 26% and 74% adherence and 22% adhered less than 25%. Patient adherence was significantly associated with good outcome. Older patients and inpatients had more favourable outcomes than younger patients and outpatients. Physicians at inpatient wards initiated pharmacological treatment significantly earlier than physicians in outpatient departments. The most common first antipsychotic drug to prescribe was olanzapine followed by risperidone.ConclusionInitial medical intervention followed international standards, but the physicians failed to adhere to algorithms in their follow‐up of medication regimes. Adherence was associated with outcome.
Attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms in adults with self‐reported epilepsy: Results from a national epidemiologic survey of epilepsy
Authors: Ettinger Alan B. , Ottman Ruth , Lipton Richard B. , Cramer Joyce A. , Fanning Kristina M. , Reed Michael L. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryObjectiveTo assess symptoms of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and their impact among adults with epilepsy from a large community‐based survey.MethodsAdults who self‐reported epilepsy were sent a postal survey including the Adult ADHD Self‐Report Scale version 6 (ASRS‐6), Physicians Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assessment 7 (GAD‐7), and questions about seizure frequency and number of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) during the preceding 3 months. Individuals with ASRS‐6 scores >14 were classified as ASRS+, and those with lower scores as ASRS−. Outcome measures included the Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory 10 (QOLIE‐10), Quality of Life and Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire (Q‐LES‐Q), and the Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS). The relationship of ADHD symptoms to quality of life outcomes was modeled hierarchically, with linear regression controlling for sociodemographic covariates, comorbid depression and anxiety, seizure frequency, and number of AEDs.ResultsAmong 1,361 of respondents with active epilepsy, 18.4% (n = 251) were classified as ASRS+ and at risk for ADHD. Compared to ASRS− cases, ASRS+ individuals were more likely to have elevated depression and anxiety scores as well as greater seizure frequency and more AED use (p < 0.05 for all). Modeling results comparing ASRS+ and ASRS− cases, controlling for all covariates, indicated that ASRS+ cases had lower quality of life (Beta [β] = −3.07, 95% confidence interval [CI] −4.19 to −1.96) and worse physical (β = −0.048 95% CI −0.076 to −0.020) and social functioning (β = −0.058, 95% CI −0.081 to −0.035) on the Q‐LES‐Q, and increases in family (β = 1.57, 95% CI 1.09–2.05), social (β = 1.68, 95% CI 1.20–2.16), and work‐related disability (β‐1.86, 95% CI 1.27–2.46).SignificanceADHD symptoms occur in nearly one of five adults with epilepsy, and are associated with increased psychosocial morbidity and lowered QOL. Future studies should clarify the nature and causes of ADHD symptoms in adults with epilepsy.
Metabolic dependence of phytoplankton species richness
Authors: Segura A. M. , Calliari D. , Kruk C. , Fort H. , Izaguirre I. , Saad J. F. , Arim M. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAimTo analyse the dependence of phytoplankton species richness on temperature within the framework of the metabolic theory of ecology (MTE) with explicit consideration of its assumptions and predictions.LocationLakes from the Southern Hemisphere – South America (Argentinean Pampa to Tierra del Fuego) and Antarctica – and Northern Hemisphere – North America (USA) and Europe (Denmark to Spain).MethodsThe MTE proposes that natural logarithm of species richness and the inverse of temperature are linearly related, with a slope equal to the activation energy. The MTE assumes that the total community abundance, average body size and per species average community productivity are independent of the temperature. These predictions and assumptions are here evaluated using c. 660 phytoplankton lake communities and a literature review of 281 experimental measures of growth rate. Linear, curvilinear and segmented models were contrasted with empirical trends.ResultsTemperature–richness relationships showed a three‐phase segmented form in two of the three continents. Generally, at temperatures above 17 °C and below 11 °C there was a weak relationship or none. Intermediate temperatures showed the expected positive association with richness, but with steeper slopes (c. 1) than MTE expectations (c. 0.3). Statistical models including total community abundance and average body size explained up to 64% of the variance in richness.Main conclusionsIn its original formulation the MTE is not a satisfactory model for large‐scale richness patterns in phytoplankton. However, the MTE is able to better explain richness patterns when the temperature dependence of abundances and body size are explicitly accounted for in the model. These temperature dependences improve the performance of MTE predictions but question the interpretation of the richness–temperature slope as a measure of activation energy. The balance among activation energy, abundance and body size produced the observed segmented pattern in temperature–richness relationships for lake phytoplankton.
Exit from the high street: an exploratory study of sustainable fashion consumption pioneers
Authors: Bly Sarah , Gwozdz Wencke , Reisch Lucia A. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIn today's fashion system, dominated by business models predicated on continual consumption and globalized production systems that have major environmental and social impacts, the consumption of ‘sustainable fashion’ takes on an almost paradoxical quality. This paper explores this paradox by focusing on a previously under‐researched group of consumers – ‘sustainable fashion consumption pioneers’ who actively engage and shape their own discourse around the notion of sustainable fashion consumption. These pioneers actively create and communicate strategies for sustainable fashion behaviour that can overcome the nebulous and somewhat paradoxical reality that sustainable development in the fashion industry presents. Specifically, we use passive netnography and semi‐structured interviews to illuminate the role of motivational and contextual factors that help shape these consumers' definitions of sustainable fashion including such key behaviours as purchasing fewer garments of higher quality, exiting the retail market, purchasing only second‐hand fashion goods and sewing or upgrading their own clothing. Central to much of these behaviours is the notion that personal style, rather than fashion, can bridge the potential disconnect between sustainability and fashion while also facilitating a sense of well‐being not found in traditional fashion consumption. As such, our research suggests that for these consumers sustainability is as much about reducing measurable environmental or social impacts as it is about incorporating broader concepts through which to achieve goals beyond the pro‐environmental or ethical.
Non‐compliance with India's Factories Act: Magnitude and patterns
Authors: CHATTERJEE Urmila , KANBUR Ravi 
Published: January 2015

AbstractWhile non‐compliance with legislation and regulations is said to be rife in developing countries, there is limited systematic evidence of the magnitude of non‐compliance. The authors quantify non‐compliance with India's Factories Act in 2010 and find that the number of non‐compliant firms is nearly twice that of compliant firms, and much larger than the number of firms “adjusting out” of the legislation. Thus, non‐compliance with the Factories Act is a key feature of India's “missing middle”. The main trends and patterns of non‐compliance are explored, and a number of key issues highlighted for further analytical and policy research.
A Novel Marker to Predict Early Recurrence After Atrial Fibrillation Ablation: The Ablation Effectiveness Quotient
Authors: WYNN GARETH J. , DAS MOLOY , BONNETT LAURA J. , HALL MARK C.S. , SNOWDON RICHARD L. , WAKTARE JOHAN E.P. , MODI SIMON , TODD DERICK M. , GUPTA DHIRAJ 
Published: January 2015

Ablation Effectiveness QuotientIntroductionInability to predict clinical outcome despite acutely successful pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) remains the Achilles’ heel of atrial fibrillation ablation (AFA). Arrhythmia recurrence is frequently due to recovery of radiofrequency (RF) ablation lesions believed to be complete at the original procedure.ObjectivesWe hypothesized that a high ratio between post‐AFA levels of serum high sensitivity cardiac troponin T (HScTnT), a highly specific marker of acute myocardial injury, and duration of RF application (the ablation effectiveness quotient, AEQ) would indicate effective ablation and correlate with early clinical success.MethodsWe prospectively measured HScTnT levels in 60 patients (42 [70%] male, 22 [37%] with paroxysmal AF [PAF], mean age 62.5 ± 10.6 years) 12–18 hours after AFA and calculated the AEQ for each. Patients were followed‐up with ECGs and Holter monitors for recurrence of atrial tachyarrhythmia (AT).ResultsEarly recurrence of AT within 6 months occurred in 22 (37%). AT recurrence was not significantly related to left atrial size or comorbidities, nor to RF time or HScTnT level. Mean AEQ was significantly lower in those with recurrence than those without (0.35 ± 0.14 ng/L/s vs. 0.45 ± 0.18 ng/L/s), P = 0.02. Subgroup analysis showed this finding was due to patients with PAF in whom early significance was maintained to one year, with an AEQ >0.4 ng/L/s having 75% sensitivity and 90% specificity in predicting freedom from AT.ConclusionA high AEQ correlates well with freedom from AT in patients with PAF in both the short and medium term. If confirmed in further studies, AEQ may become a useful marker of risk of AT post‐AFA.