bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermo-Structural Coupled Finite Element Analysis of Repair Process for Steam Turbine Blade Using Laser-Directed Energy Deposition Method
Authors: Arai Masayuki , Fujita Seiji , Meng Yuxian , Izumi Taisei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study presents a numerical additive manufacturing simulation aimed at simulating the shape recovery process of a steam turbine blade damaged by corrosion, using laser-directed energy deposition (LDED). The simulation integrates the finite element (FE) method with heat conduction and thermo-elastoplastic constitutive equations, incorporating phase transformation. The additive manufacturing process by LDED was modeled using the death-birth algorithm, wherein a deposition layer is defined as a virtual element. Its stiffness and thermal properties activated when the laser irradiation regions overlapped. In this study, the shape of the virtual element was determined based on the cross-sectional shape of the deposition layer manufactured under various laser conditions. To validate the numerical simulation results, additive manufacturing was conducted for one pass deposition in the width direction at the center of a cantilever-supported plate made of SUS304 steel, and the changes in displacement at the free edges with respect to the process time were compared. The obtained FE results are in good agreement with the experimental results. Finally, an FE simulation was performed for the shape recovery of a steam turbine blade thinned due to corrosion damage. The results revealed that the residual stress component becomes more compressive as the laser output decreases and scanning speed increases, which is advantageous for improving the fatigue strength of steam turbine blades.
Where Does Cardinality Come From?
Authors: Pantsar Markus , Assadian Bahram 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHow do we acquire the notions of cardinality and cardinal number? In the (neo-)Fregean approach, they are derived from the notion of equinumerosity. According to some alternative approaches, defended and developed by Husserl and Parsons among others, the order of explanation is reversed: equinumerosity is explained in terms of cardinality, which, in turn, is explained in terms of our ordinary practices of counting. In their paper, ‘Cardinality, Counting, and Equinumerosity’, Richard Kimberly Heck proposes that instead of equinumerosity or counting, cardinality is derived from a cognitively earlier notion of just as many. In this paper, we assess Heck’s proposal in terms of contemporary theories of number concept acquisition. Focusing on bootstrapping theories, we argue that there is no evidence that the notion of just as many is cognitively primary. Furthermore, since the acquisition of cardinality is an enculturated process, the cognitive primariness of these notions, possibly including just as many, depends on various external cultural factors. Therefore, being possibly a cultural construction, just as many could be one among several notions used in the acquisition of cardinality and cardinal number concepts. This paper thus challenges those accounts which seek for a fundamental concept underlying all aspects of numerical cognition.
Flexible surface acoustic wave technology for enhancing transdermal drug delivery
Authors: Zhang Jikai , Bahar Duygu , Ong Hui Ling , Arnold Peter , Zhang Meng , Jiang Yunhong , Tao Ran , Haworth Luke , Yang Xin , Brain Chelsea , Rahmati Mohammad , Torun Hamdi , Wu Qiang , Luo Jingting , Fu Yong-Qing 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Transdermal drug delivery provides therapeutic benefits over enteric or injection delivery because its transdermal routes provide more consistent concentrations of drug and avoid issues of drugs affecting kidneys and liver functions. Many technologies have been evaluated to enhance drug delivery through the relatively impervious epidermal layer of the skin. However, precise delivery of large hydrophilic molecules is still a great challenge even though microneedles or other energized (such as electrical, thermal, or ultrasonic) patches have been used, which are often difficult to be integrated into small wearable devices. This study developed a flexible surface acoustic wave (SAW) patch platform to facilitate transdermal delivery of macromolecules with fluorescein isothiocyanates up to 2000 kDa. Two surrogates of human skin were used to evaluate SAW based energized devices, i.e., delivering dextran through agarose gels and across stratum corneum of pig skin into the epidermis. Results showed that the 2000 kDa fluorescent molecules have been delivered up to 1.1 mm in agarose gel, and the fluorescent molecules from 4 to 2000 kDa have been delivered up to 100 µm and 25 µm in porcine skin tissue, respectively. Mechanical agitation, localised streaming, and acousto-thermal effect generated on the skin surface were identified as the main mechanisms for promoting drug transdermal transportation, although micro/nanoscale acoustic cavitation induced by SAWs could also have its contribution. SAW enhanced transdermal drug delivery is dependent on the combined effects of wave frequency and intensity, duration of applied acoustic waves, temperature, and drug molecules molecular weights.

Graphical Abstract

Graphical Abstract: Flexible surface acoustic wave technology for enhancing transdermal drug delivery
Optimization and Kinetic Study of Manganese Leaching from Pyrolusite Ore in Hydrochloric Acid Solutions with Oxalic Acid
Authors: Karacahan Mehmet Kayra 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe leaching behavior of pyrolusite minerals was examined in hydrochloric acid solutions, including oxalic acid, to evaluate the influence of various experimental conditions. The optimum parameters for the leaching process were found in the first stage, and the process's kinetics were assessed in the second. The concentrations of oxalic acid, hydrochloric acid, and temperature were chosen as independent variables in the optimization experiments, with the central composite design used to analyze the experimental data. The optimum concentrations for oxalic acid, hydrochloric acid, and temperature were determined to be 0.75 mol/L, 1.2 mol/L, and 60 °C, respectively. The leaching rate was determined to be 97.4% for 120 min of response time in optimum situations. The kinetic assessment experiments studied the effects of solid/liquid ratio, particle size, stirring speed, and temperature on the manganese leaching rate from pyrolusite. In the studies, the leaching rate was shown to rise with increasing temperature and stirring speed, as well as with decreasing particle size and solid/liquid ratio. The kinetic analysis revealed that the leaching kinetics matched the mixed kinetic model, and a mathematical model for the leaching process was developed. This process's activation energy was determined to be 29.05 kJ/mol.
Graphical Abstract
Colour-coded decisions: an experiment on case-based decision theory
Authors: Radoc Benjamin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDecision makers typically possess limited knowledge on states of the world so that use of information from past similar experiences is reasonable. This analogical thinking is formalised by case-based decision theory (CBDT). We created a novel experimental setting to validate the predictive power of CBDT versus Bayesian reasoning. Participants encountered a salient but irrelevant cue which a Bayesian decision maker is likely to ignore but a case-based decision maker may use in assessing similarity. We find that although the irrelevant similarity cue was used, the pattern in participants’ decisions is neither case-based nor Bayesian. The results suggest that CBDT does not apply in simple decision settings where similarity cues are uninformative.
Macroscopic Traffic Modeling Using Probe Vehicle Data: A Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Jin Ling , Xu Xiaodan , Wang Yuhan , Lazar Alina , Sadabadi Kaveh Farokhi , Spurlock C. Anna , Needell Zachary , Don Duleep Rathgamage , Amirgholy Mahyar , Asudegi Mona 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe macroscopic fundamental diagram (MFD) captures an orderly relationship among traffic flow, density, and speed at the network level. It is a simple yet powerful tool for modeling traffic dynamics in large urban networks with broad application in traffic control and management. However, empirically derived MFDs in urban regions require high-resolution traffic data from the network. Having the network flow and vehicular density estimated at the (granular) census tract level using vehicle probe data, we apply machine learning methods to predict the MFDs across U.S. urban areas and capture the impacts of location-specific input features on the network flow–density relationships at a large scale. The results show that, among the four tested machine learning approaches (Random Forest, XGBoost, Support Vector Machine, and Neural Network), XGBoost delivers the best performance in predicting network traffic flow based on vehicular density and location attributes. Using interaction Shapley Additive explanation (SHAP) values and partial correlation analysis, we examine the factors influencing MFD shapes across different locations. Our empirical findings reveal that across U.S. urban areas, network topology, transportation infrastructure, and land use are primary factors shaping MFD curves, while demand and trip-related factors play a lesser role. Specifically, higher ranking roads, centrality, and development levels correlate positively with network capacity and critical density, whereas negative associations are observed for network connectivity, mixed-use development, and road roughness levels.
Advances in metal–organic frameworks as adsorbents, photocatalysts and membranes: a new frontier in water purification
Authors: Kiteto Moses , Vidija Beryl , Mecha Cleophas Achisa , Mrosso Register , Chollom Martha N. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWater is an essential and irreplaceable necessity for life on earth, sustaining ecosystems, nourishing agriculture and vital for human survival. However, increasing population and industrialization has exacerbated water scarcity and pollution. The Sustainable Development Goal 6 focuses on clean water and sanitation for all; thus, water purification and conservation are key priorities globally. Rampant pollution of water sources by emerging bio-recalcitrant contaminants, often deviant of conventional treatment methods, necessitates new approaches to water treatment. In this regard, metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are gaining prominence and offer solutions in versatile applications due to their unique structural characteristics and tunable properties. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of MOFs, covering their diverse structures, types, synthesis methods and characterization techniques. We explore the application of MOFs in water purification, as adsorbents, photocatalysts, and in membrane separation. The mechanism of operation of MOFs in each application is critically evaluated. The effect of the water treatment methods on energy consumption has also been investigated. We propose that for MOFs application in water treatment to be competitive and sustainable, there is need to address key issues such as synthesis of highly selective MOFs, recovery and reuse, scalability (pilot and industrial scale), and integration with existing water treatment technologies to create synergy. We provide future perspectives on these aspects.
40 Hz light flickering facilitates the glymphatic flow via adenosine signaling in mice
Authors: Sun Xiaoting , Dias Liliana , Peng Chenlei , Zhang Ziyi , Ge Haoting , Wang Zejun , Jin Jiayi , Jia Manli , Xu Tao , Guo Wei , Zheng Wu , He Yan , Wu Youru , Cai Xiaohong , Agostinho Paula , Qu Jia , Cunha Rodrigo A. , Zhou Xuzhao , Bai Ruiliang , Chen Jiang-fan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe glymphatic-lymphatic system is increasingly recognized as fundamental for the homeostasis of the brain milieu since it defines cerebral spinal fluid flow in the brain parenchyma and eliminates metabolic waste. Animal and human studies have uncovered several important physiological factors regulating the glymphatic system including sleep, aquaporin-4, and hemodynamic factors. Yet, our understanding of the modulation of the glymphatic system is limited, which has hindered the development of glymphatic-based treatment for aging and neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we present the evidence from fluorescence tracing, two-photon recording, and dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging analyses that 40 Hz light flickering enhanced glymphatic influx and efflux independently of anesthesia and sleep, an effect attributed to increased astrocytic aquaporin-4 polarization and enhanced vasomotion. Adenosine-A2A receptor (A2AR) signaling emerged as the neurochemical underpinning of 40 Hz flickering-induced enhancement of glymphatic flow, based on increased cerebrofluid adenosine levels, the abolishment of enhanced glymphatic flow by pharmacological or genetic inactivation of equilibrative nucleotide transporters-2 or of A2AR, and by the physical and functional A2AR–aquaporin-4 interaction in astrocytes. These findings establish 40 Hz light flickering as a novel non-invasive strategy of enhanced glymphatic flow, with translational potential to relieve brain disorders.
Dental behaviour support: can we improve qualitative research on patient experience?
Authors: Holmes Richard D. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Data sources
Databases included Embase, Medline (via OVID) and PsycINFO (via EBSCO). Studies referenced within included review articles were additionally screened for relevance.

Study selection
This review focused upon qualitative research studies and their use of dental behaviour support (DBS) tools to support dental care. Included studies were restricted to those in English and published since 1997. Screening of studies involved several authors according to pre-agreed inclusion and exclusion criteria. In the event of disagreement, a third author mediated the collaborative discussion.

Data extraction and synthesis
Included studies first provided baseline study information including the type of qualitative research, the population studied and details of the type(s) of DBS under investigation. Then the qualitative data generated by each study, together with any interpretation provided by the authors, was entered onto bespoke data collection forms. A thematic synthesis approach was adopted. The authors generated new themes supported by selected quotations. The methodological quality of each included study was explored through a recognised tool and the level of confidence provided by each study was informed by the GRADE-CERQual assessment process.

Results
Twenty-three studies were included. Most studies used semi-structured interviews, followed by focus groups and a small number of video diaries. For most studies, the focus was upon the dental care of children with a good proportion of these exploring dental general anaesthesia (DGA). Indeed, DGA was the most studied DBS technique. Whilst some studies explored adults’ experiences of DBS, none of the included studies centred upon medically compromised or older adults. The review authors identified five themes following data synthesis. These themes included the following areas (abridged and modified from the review paper): trust; information sharing; control and autonomy; perceived treatment success and failure of DBS techniques; and the longer-term impact of DBS techniques upon patients.

Conclusions
Qualitative research has more to offer our understanding of DBS techniques and the impact they have upon patient care experience. There is a need for research to explore a wider range of DBS techniques used in isolation or in combination. Patient reported experiences of care should be considered in the development of outcome measures and any related DBS Core Outcome Set.
Diagnostic utility of DNA methylation analysis in genetically unsolved pediatric epilepsies and CHD2 episignature refinement
Authors: LaFlamme Christy W. , Rastin Cassandra , Sengupta Soham , Pennington Helen E. , Russ-Hall Sophie J. , Schneider Amy L. , Bonkowski Emily S. , Almanza Fuerte Edith P. , Allan Talia J. , Zalusky Miranda Perez-Galey , Goffena Joy , Gibson Sophia B. , Nyaga Denis M. , Lieffering Nico , Hebbar Malavika , Walker Emily V. , Darnell Daniel , Olsen Scott R. , Kolekar Pandurang , Djekidel Mohamed Nadhir , Rosikiewicz Wojciech , McConkey Haley , Kerkhof Jennifer , Levy Michael A. , Relator Raissa , Lev Dorit , Lerman-Sagie Tally , Park Kristen L. , Alders Marielle , Cappuccio Gerarda , Chatron Nicolas , Demain Leigh , Genevieve David , Lesca Gaetan , Roscioli Tony , Sanlaville Damien , Tedder Matthew L. , Gupta Sachin , Jones Elizabeth A. , Weisz-Hubshman Monika , Ketkar Shamika , Dai Hongzheng , Worley Kim C. , Rosenfeld Jill A. , Chao Hsiao-Tuan ,   Undiagnosed Diseases Network, Neale Geoffrey , Carvill Gemma L. ,   University of Washington Center for Rare Disease Research, Wang Zhaoming , Berkovic Samuel F. , Sadleir Lynette G. , Miller Danny E. , Scheffer Ingrid E. , Sadikovic Bekim , Mefford Heather C. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSequence-based genetic testing identifies causative variants in ~ 50% of individuals with developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs). Aberrant changes in DNA methylation are implicated in various neurodevelopmental disorders but remain unstudied in DEEs. We interrogate the diagnostic utility of genome-wide DNA methylation array analysis on peripheral blood samples from 582 individuals with genetically unsolved DEEs. We identify rare differentially methylated regions (DMRs) and explanatory episignatures to uncover causative and candidate genetic etiologies in 12 individuals. Using long-read sequencing, we identify DNA variants underlying rare DMRs, including one balanced translocation, three CG-rich repeat expansions, and four copy number variants. We also identify pathogenic variants associated with episignatures. Finally, we refine the CHD2 episignature using an 850 K methylation array and bisulfite sequencing to investigate potential insights into CHD2 pathophysiology. Our study demonstrates the diagnostic yield of genome-wide DNA methylation analysis to identify causal and candidate variants as 2% (12/582) for unsolved DEE cases.
The unusual structural properties and potential biological relevance of switchback DNA
Authors: Madhanagopal Bharath Raj , Talbot Hannah , Rodriguez Arlin , Louis Jiss Maria , Zeghal Hana , Vangaveti Sweta , Reddy Kaalak , Chandrasekaran Arun Richard 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSynthetic DNA motifs form the basis of nucleic acid nanotechnology. The biochemical and biophysical properties of these motifs determine their applications. Here, we present a detailed characterization of switchback DNA, a globally left-handed structure composed of two parallel DNA strands. Compared to a conventional duplex, switchback DNA shows lower thermodynamic stability and requires higher magnesium concentration for assembly but exhibits enhanced biostability against some nucleases. Strand competition and strand displacement experiments show that component sequences have an absolute preference for duplex complements instead of their switchback partners. Further, we hypothesize a potential role for switchback DNA as an alternate structure in sequences containing short tandem repeats. Together with small molecule binding experiments and cell studies, our results open new avenues for switchback DNA in biology and nanotechnology.
Allosteric inhibition of CFTR gating by CFTRinh-172 binding in the pore
Authors: Gao Xiaolong , Yeh Han-I , Yang Zhengrong , Fan Chen , Jiang Fan , Howard Rebecca J. , Lindahl Erik , Kappes John C. , Hwang Tzyh-Chang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLoss-of-function mutations of the CFTR gene cause the life-shortening genetic disease cystic fibrosis (CF), whereas overactivity of CFTR may lead to secretory diarrhea and polycystic kidney disease. While effective drugs targeting the CFTR protein have been developed for the treatment of CF, little progress has been made for diseases caused by hyper-activated CFTR. Here, we solve the cryo-EM structure of CFTR in complex with CFTRinh-172 (Inh-172), a CFTR gating inhibitor with promising potency and efficacy. We find that Inh-172 binds inside the pore of CFTR, interacting with amino acid residues from transmembrane segments (TMs) 1, 6, 8, 9, and 12 through mostly hydrophobic interactions and a salt bridge. Substitution of these residues lowers the apparent affinity of Inh-172. The inhibitor-bound structure reveals re-orientations of the extracellular segment of TMs 1, 8, and 12, supporting an allosteric modulation mechanism involving post-binding conformational changes. This allosteric inhibitory mechanism readily explains our observations that pig CFTR, which preserves all the amino acid residues involved in Inh-172 binding, exhibits a much-reduced sensitivity to Inh-172 and that the apparent affinity of Inh-172 is altered by the CF drug ivacaftor (i.e., VX-770) which enhances CFTR’s activity through binding to a site also comprising TM8.
Orexin neurons mediate temptation-resistant voluntary exercise
Authors: Tesmer Alexander L. , Li Xinyang , Bracey Eva , Schmandt Cyra , Polania Rafael , Peleg-Raibstein Daria , Burdakov Denis 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDespite the well-known health benefits of physical activity, many people underexercise; what drives the prioritization of exercise over alternative options is unclear. We developed a task that enabled us to study how mice freely and rapidly alternate between wheel running and other voluntary activities, such as eating palatable food. When multiple alternatives were available, mice chose to spend a substantial amount of time wheel running without any extrinsic reward and maintained this behavior even when palatable food was added as an option. Causal manipulations and correlative analyses of appetitive and consummatory processes revealed this preference for wheel running to be instantiated by hypothalamic hypocretin/orexin neurons (HONs). The effect of HON manipulations on wheel running and eating was strongly context-dependent, being the largest in the scenario where both options were available. Overall, these data suggest that HON activity enables an eat–run arbitration that results in choosing exercise over food.
A Reinforcement Learning approach to study climbing plant behaviour
Authors: Nasti Lucia , Vecchiato Giacomo , Heuret Patrick , Rowe Nicholas P. , Palladino Michele , Marcati Pierangelo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA plant’s structure is the result of constant adaptation and evolution to the surrounding environment. From this perspective, our goal is to investigate the mass and radius distribution of a particular plant organ, namely the searcher shoot, by providing a Reinforcement Learning (RL) environment, that we call Searcher-Shoot, which considers the mechanics due to the mass of the shoot and leaves. We uphold the hypothesis that plants maximize their length, avoiding a maximal stress threshold. To do this, we explore whether the mass distribution along the stem is efficient, formulating a Markov Decision Process. By exploiting this strategy, we are able to mimic and thus study the plant’s behavior, finding that shoots decrease their diameters smoothly, resulting in an efficient distribution of the mass. The strong accordance between our results and the experimental data allows us to remark on the strength of our approach in the analysis of biological systems traits.