bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studying the Therapeutic Process by Observing Clinicians' In‐Session Behaviour
Authors: Montaño‐Fidalgo Montserrat , Ruiz Elena M. , Calero‐Elvira Ana , Froján‐Parga María Xesús 
Published: June 2014

This paper presents a further step in the use and validation of a systematic, functional‐analytic method of describing psychologists' verbal behaviour during therapy. We observed recordings from 92 clinical sessions of 19 adults (14 women and 5 men of Caucasian origin, with ages ranging from 19 to 51 years) treated by nine cognitive–behavioural therapists (eight women and one man, Caucasian as well, with ages ranging from 25 to 48 years). The therapists' verbal behaviour was codified and then classified according to its possible functionality. A cluster analysis of the data, followed by a discriminant analysis, showed that the therapists' verbal behaviour tended to aggregate around four types of session differentiated by their clinical objective (assessment, explanation, treatment and consolidation). These results confirm the validity of our method and enable us to further describe clinical phenomena by distinguishing psychologists' classes of clinically relevant activities. Specific learning mechanisms may be responsible for clinical change within each class. These issues should be analysed more closely when explaining therapeutic phenomena and when developing more effective forms of clinical intervention. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message

We described therapists' verbal behaviour in a focused fashion so as to develop new research methods that evaluate psychological work moment by moment.
We performed a cluster analysis in order to evaluate how the therapists' verbal behaviour was distributed throughout the intervention. A discriminant analysis gave us further information about the statistical significance and possible nature of the clusters we observed.
The therapists' verbal behaviour depended on current clinical objectives and could be classified into four classes of clinically relevant activities: evaluation, explanation, treatment and consolidation.
Some of the therapist's verbalizations were more important than others when carrying out these clinically relevant activities.
The distribution of the therapists' verbal behaviour across classes may provide us with clues regarding the functionality of their in‐session verbal behaviour.
Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of Lignin Chemistry on the Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Woody Biomass
Authors: Yu Zhiying , Gwak Ki‐Seob , Treasure Trevor , Jameel Hasan , Chang Hou‐min , Park Sunkyu 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe impact of lignin‐derived inhibition on enzymatic hydrolysis is investigated by using lignins isolated from untreated woods and pretreated wood pulps. A new method, biomass reconstruction, for which isolated lignins are precipitated onto bleached pulps to mimic lignocellulosic biomass, is introduced, for the first time, to decouple the lignin distribution issue from lignin chemistry. Isolated lignins are physically mixed and reconstructed with bleached pulps. Lignins obtained from pretreated woods adsorb two to six times more cellulase than lignins obtained from untreated woods. The higher adsorption of enzymes on lignin correlates with decreased carbohydrate conversion in enzymatic hydrolysis. In addition, the reconstructed softwood substrate has a lower carbohydrate conversion than the reconstructed hardwood substrate. The degree of condensation of lignin increases significantly after pretreatment, especially with softwood lignins. In this study, the degree of condensation of lignin (0.02 to 0.64) and total OH groups in lignin (1.7 to 1.1) have a critical impact on cellulase adsorption (9 to 70 %) and enzymatic hydrolysis (83.2 to 58.2 %); this may provide insights into the more recalcitrant nature of softwood substrates.
Sustainable Production of Acrylic Acid: Alkali‐Ion Exchanged Beta Zeolite for Gas‐Phase Dehydration of Lactic Acid
Authors: Yan Bo , Tao Li‐Zhi , Liang Yu , Xu Bo‐Qing 
Published: June 2014

AbstractGas‐phase dehydration of lactic acid (LA) to acrylic acid (AA) was investigated over alkali‐exchanged β zeolite (MxNa1−xβ, M=Li+, K+, Rb+, or Cs+) of different exchange degrees (x). The reaction was conducted under varying conditions to understand the catalyst selectivity for AA production and trends of byproduct formation. The nature and exchange degree of M+ were found to be critical for the acid–base properties and catalytic performance of the exchanged zeolite. KxNa1−xβ of x=0.94 appeared to be the best performing catalyst whereas LixNa1−xβ and Naβ were the poorest in terms of AA selectivity and yield. The AA yield as high as 61 mol % (selectivity: 64 mol %) could be obtained under optimized reaction conditions for up to 8 h over the best performing K0.94Na0.06β. The acid and base properties of the catalysts were probed, respectively by temperature‐programmed desorption (TPD) of adsorbed NH3 and CO2, and were related to the electrostatic potentials of the alkali ions in the zeolite, which provided a basis for the discussion of the acid–base catalysis for sustainable AA formation from LA.
Imaging flow cytometry elucidates limitations of microparticle analysis by conventional flow cytometry
Authors: Erdbrügger Uta , Rudy Christine K. , E. Etter Mark , Dryden Kelly A. , Yeager Mark , Klibanov Alexander L. , Lannigan Joanne 
Published: June 2014

AbstractMicroparticles (MPs) are submicron vesicles released from cell membranes in response to activation, cell injury, or apoptosis. The clinical importance of MPs has become increasingly recognized, although no standardized method exists for their measurement. Flow cytometry (FCM) is the most commonly used technique, however, because of the small size of MPs, and the limitations of current FCM instrumentation, accurate identification is compromised by this methodology. We decided to investigate whether the use of FCM combined with imaging, such as is possible with the ImagestreamX imaging FC (ISX), would be a more sensitive approach to characterizing MPs. Combining FCM with imaging eliminates some of the limitations demonstrated by conventional FCM, whereas also providing morphological confirmation and the ability to distinguish true single events from aggregates and cell debris. The detection limit of standard nonspecialized FCM is suboptimal when compared to ISX. Evaluating MPs below 0.200 µm and sizing remain a challenge as some MPs remain below the detection limit of ISX. Standardized calibrators, that more closely reflect the physical characteristics of MPs, need further development. © 2014 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Effect of diabetes mellitus on periprocedural myocardial infarction in patients undergoing coronary stent implantation
Authors: Verdoia Monica , Barbieri Lucia , Schaffer Alon , Cassetti Ettore , Di Giovine Gabriella , Nardin Matteo , Bellomo Giorgio , Marino Paolo , De Luca Giuseppe ,   On behalf of the Novara Atherosclerosis Study Group (NAS)
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackgroundDiabetic patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions are still regarded as a very high risk category because of an increased platelet reactivity and risk of complications, especially in patients with inadequate glycaemic control. However, although its prognostic effect on long‐term outcome is well‐defined, still unclear is the effect of diabetes on the risk of periprocedural myocardial infarction in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions, which was therefore the aim of our study.MethodsMyonecrosis biomarkers were dosed at intervals from 6 to 48 h after nonemergent percutaneous coronary interventions. Periprocedural myocardial infarction was defined as creatine kinase‐MB increase by three times the upper limit normal or by 50% of an elevated baseline value, whereas periprocedural myonecrosis as troponin I increase by three times the upper limit normal or 50% of baseline.ResultsOf 1311 patients, diabetes mellitus was found in 458 patients (34.9%) and associated with age (p = 0.03), hypertension (p < 0.001), renal failure (p = 0.01), previous MI (p = 0.03), previous coronary revascularization (p < 0.001), higher fasting glycaemia and lower haemoglobin (p < 0.001), more severe coronary disease (p < 0.001), multivessel percutaneous coronary interventions (p = 0.03), coronary calcification (p = 0.003) and in‐stent restenosis (p < 0.001) but lower presence of thrombus (p = 0.03). Diabetic patients were receiving significantly more frequent specific pharmacological treatment at admission. Diabetic status did not influence the risk of periprocedural myocardial infarction or periprocedural myonecrosis [adjusted OR(95%CI) = 0.90(0.64–1.27), p = 0.57 and adjusted OR(95%CI) = 0.92(0.70–1.21), p = 0.55]. Amongst diabetic patients, we did not observe any effect of chronic glycaemic control on periprocedural myocardial infarction.ConclusionsDiabetic status, independent of chronic glycaemic control, is not associated with increased risk of periprocedural myocardial infarction and myonecrosis in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Research progress in signalling pathway in diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Ni Wei‐Jian , Tang Li‐Qin , Wei Wei 
Published: June 2014

SummaryDiabetic nephropathy, a lethal diabetic complication, is a leading cause of end‐stage renal disease, which is pathologically characterized by thickened tubular basal and glomerular membranes, accumulated extracellular matrix, and progressive mesangial hypertrophy. Growing evidence indicates that diabetic nephropathy is induced by multiple conditions, such as glucose metabolism disorder, oxidative stress, numerous inflammatory factors and cytokines, and haemodynamic changes that lead to the occurrence and development of diabetic nephropathy based on genetic susceptibility. A variety of abnormalities in the signalling pathway may interact to produce these pathologic processes. Research has aimed to highlight the signalling pathway mechanisms that lead to diabetic nephropathy so that preventative strategies and effective therapies might be developed. In this review, important pathways that appear to be involved in driving these processes are discussed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Early social isolation provokes electrophysiological and structural changes in cutaneous sensory nerves of adult male rats
Authors: Segura Bertha , Melo Angel I. , Fleming Alison S. , Mendoza‐Garrido Maria Eugenia , González del Pliego Margarita , Aguirre‐Benitez Elsa L. , Hernández‐Falcón Jesús , Jiménez‐Estrada Ismael 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTSensory and social deprivation from the mother and littermates during early life disturbs the development of the central nervous system, but little is known about its effect on the development of the peripheral nervous system. To assess peripheral effects of early isolation, male rat pups were reared artificially in complete social isolation (AR); reared artificially with two same‐age conspecifics (AR‐Social); or reared by their mothers and with littermates (MR). As adults, the electrophysiological properties of the sensory sural (SU) nerve were recorded. We found that the amplitude and normalized area (with respect to body weight) of the compound action potential (CAP) response provoked by single electrical pulses of graded intensity in the SU nerves of AR animals were shorter than the CAP recorded in SU nerves from MR and AR‐Social animals. The slope of the stimulus‐response curve of AR SU nerves was smaller than that of the other nerves. The histological characterization of axons in the SU nerves was made and showed that the myelin thickness of axons in AR SU nerves was significant lower (2–7µm) than that of the axons in the other nerves. Furthermore, the area and axon diameter of SU nerves of both AR and AR‐Social animals were significant lower than in MR animals. This is the first report to show that maternal and littermate deprivation by AR disturbs the development of the myelination and electrophysiological properties of axons in the SU nerve; the replacement of social cues prevents most of the effects. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 74: 1184–1193, 2014
Psoriasis and risk of heart failure: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Khalid Usman , Ahlehoff Ole , Gislason Gunnar Hilmar , Kristensen Søren Lund , Skov Lone , Torp‐Pedersen Christian , Hansen Peter Riis 
Published: June 2014

AimsPsoriasis is a common inflammatory disease that is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, including myocardial infarction. Heart failure (HF) is independently associated with several cardiovascular risk factors and is a major cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The association between psoriasis and HF is unclear and we therefore investigated the risk of new‐onset HF in a nationwide cohort of psoriasis patients compared with the background population.MethodsThe study included the entire Danish population aged ≥18 years followed from 1 January 1997 until HF, death or 31 December 2011. Information on comorbidity and concomitant medication was identified by individual‐level linkage of administrative registers. New‐onset HF was defined as first hospital admission for HF. Incidence rates of new‐onset HF were calculated and adjusted hazard ratios were estimated by multivariable Cox regression models adjusted for age, gender, comorbidity and cardiovascular medications.ResultsA total of 5 485 856 subjects were eligible for analysis. In the study period 66 389 patients with new‐onset psoriasis, including 11 242 patients with severe psoriasis, were identified. The overall incidence rates of new‐onset HF were 2.82, 4.22 and 4.70 per 1000 person‐years for the reference population, mild psoriasis and severe psoriasis, respectively. Compared with the reference population, the fully adjusted hazard ratios for new‐onset HF were increased in patients with psoriasis with a hazard ratio 1.22 (95% confidence interval 1.16–1.29) and hazard ratio of 1.53 (95% confidence interval 1.34–1.74) for those with mild and severe disease, respectively.ConclusionIn this nationwide cohort, psoriasis was associated with a disease severity‐dependent increased risk of new‐onset HF.
Seismic performance and probabilistic collapse resistance assessment of steel moment resisting frames with fluid viscous dampers
Authors: Seo Choung‐Yeol , Karavasilis Theodore L. , Ricles James M. , Sause Richard 
Published: June 2014

SUMMARYThis paper evaluates the seismic resistance of steel moment resisting frames (MRFs) with supplemental fluid viscous dampers against collapse. A simplified design procedure is used to design four different steel MRFs with fluid viscous dampers where the strength of the steel MRF and supplemental damping are varied. The combined systems are designed to achieve performance that is similar to or higher than that of conventional steel MRFs designed according to current seismic design codes. Based on the results of nonlinear time history analyses and incremental dynamic analyses, statistics of structural and non‐structural response as well as probabilities of collapse of the steel MRFs with dampers are determined and compared with those of conventional steel MRFs. The analytical frame models used in this study are reliably capable to simulate global frame collapse by considering full geometric nonlinearities as well as the cyclic strength and stiffness deterioration in the plastic hinge regions of structural steel members. The results show that, with the aid of supplemental damping, the performance of a steel MRF with reduced design base shear can be improved and become similar to that of a conventional steel MRF with full design base shear. Incremental dynamic analyses show that supplemental damping reduces the probability of collapse of a steel MRF with a given strength. However, the paper highlights that a design base shear equal to 75% of the minimum design base shear along with supplemental damping to control story drift at 2% (i.e., design drift of a conventional steel MRF) would not guarantee a higher collapse resistance than that of a conventional MRF. At 75% design base shear, a tighter design drift (e.g., 1.5% as shown in this study) is needed to guarantee a higher collapse resistance than that of a conventional MRF. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On unconditionally positive implicit time integration for the DG scheme applied to shallow water flows
Authors: Meister A. , Ortleb S. 
Published: June 2014

SUMMARYWe present a new unconditionally positivity‐preserving (PP) implicit time integration method for the DG scheme applied to shallow water flows. This novel time discretization enhances the currently used PP DG schemes, because in the majority of previous work, explicit time stepping is implemented to deal with wetting and drying. However, for explicit time integration, linear stability requires very small time steps. Especially for locally refined grids, the stiff system resulting from space discretization makes implicit or partially implicit time stepping absolutely necessary. As implicit schemes require a lot of computational time solving large systems of nonlinear equations, a much larger time step is necessary to beat explicit time stepping in terms of CPU time. Unfortunately, the current PP implicit schemes are subject to time step restrictions due to a so‐called strong stability preserving constraint. In this work, we hence give a novel approach to positivity preservation including its theoretical background. The new technique is based on the so‐called Patankar trick and guarantees non‐negativity of the water height for any time step size while still preserving conservativity. In the DG context, we prove consistency of the discretization as well as a truncation error of the third order away from the wet–dry transition. Because of the proposed modification, the implicit scheme can take full advantage of larger time steps and is able to beat explicit time stepping in terms of CPU time. The performance and accuracy of this new method are studied for several classical test cases. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prevention of inpatient hypoglycemia with a real‐time informatics alert
Authors: Kilpatrick C. Rachel , Elliott Michael B. , Pratt Elizabeth , Schafers Stephen J. , Blackburn Mary Clare , Heard Kevin , McGill Janet B. , Thoelke Mark , Tobin Garry S. 
Published: June 2014

BACKGROUNDSevere hypoglycemia (SH), defined as a blood glucose (BG) <40 mg/dL, is associated with an increased risk of adverse clinical outcomes in inpatients.OBJECTIVETo determine whether a predictive informatics hypoglycemia risk‐alert supported by trained nurse responders would reduce the incidence of SH in our hospital.DESIGNA 5‐month prospective cohort intervention study.SETTINGAcute care medical floors in a tertiary care academic hospital in St. Louis, Missouri.PATIENTSFrom 655 inpatients on designated medical floors with a BG of <90 mg/dL, 390 were identified as high risk for hypoglycemia by the alert system.MEASUREMENTSThe primary outcome was the incidence of SH occurring in high‐risk intervention versus high‐risk control patients. Secondary outcomes included: number of episodes of SH in all study patients, incidence of BG < 60 mg/dL and severe hyperglycemia with a BG >299 mg/dL, length of stay, transfer to a higher level of care, the frequency that high‐risk patient's orders were changed in response to the alert‐intervention process, and mortality.RESULTSThe alert process, when augmented by nurse‐physician collaboration, resulted in a significant decrease by 68% in the rate of SH in alerted high‐risk patients versus nonalerted high‐risk patients (3.1% vs 9.7%, P = 0.012). Rates of hyperglycemia were similar on intervention and control floors at 28% each. There was no difference in mortality, length of stay, or patients requiring transfer to a higher level of care.CONCLUSIONA real‐time predictive informatics‐generated alert, when supported by trained nurse responders, significantly reduced inpatient SH. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2014;9:621–626. © 2014 Society of Hospital Medicine
Fatty acid profiles and antioxidants of organic and conventional milk from low‐ and high‐input systems during outdoor period
Authors: Kusche Daniel , Kuhnt Katrin , Ruebesam Karin , Rohrer Carsten , Nierop Andreas FM , Jahreis Gerhard , Baars Ton 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDIntensification of organic dairy production leads to the question of whether the implementation of intensive feeding incorporating maize silage and concentrates is altering milk quality. Therefore the fatty acid (FA) and antioxidant (AO) profiles of milk on 24 farms divided into four system groups in three replications (n = 71) during the outdoor period were analyzed. In this system comparison, a differentiation of the system groups and the effects of the main system factors ‘intensification level’ (high‐input versus low‐input) and ‘origin’ (organic versus conventional) were evaluated in a multivariate statistical approach.RESULTSConsistent differentiation of milk from the system groups due to feeding‐related impacts was possible in general and on the basis of 15 markers. The prediction of the main system factors was based on four or five markers. The prediction of ‘intensification level’ was based mainly on CLA c9,t11 and C18:1 t11, whereas that of ‘origin’ was based on n‐3 PUFA.CONCLUSIONIt was possible to demonstrate consistent differences in the FA and AO profiles of organic and standard conventional milk samples. Highest concentrations of nutritionally beneficial compounds were found in the low‐input organic system. Adapted grass‐based feeding strategies including pasture offer the potential to produce a distinguishable organic milk product quality. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Ultimate bearing capacity of a foundation reinforced by columns or cross trenches under inclined loads: a homogenization approach
Authors: Gueguin M. , Hassen G. , de Buhan P. 
Published: June 2014

SummaryThis paper addresses the geotechnical engineering problem of evaluating the ultimate bearing capacity of a strip foundation resting upon a reinforced soil, by means of the yield design homogenization approach. The analysis is notably focused on the determination of the macroscopic strength criterion of such reinforced soils, where both constituents are purely cohesive, which can be conveniently expressed through the notion of anisotropic cohesion. A comprehensive comparison is made between the classical configuration of reinforcing columns and the more original one of orthogonal reinforcing trenches. Among the most outstanding results of the analysis is the conclusion that the cross trench configuration is notably more efficient in terms of load bearing capacity than the reinforcement by columns, notably when significantly inclined loading is concerned. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.