bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Roadmap for developing a national quality indicator set for general practice
Authors: ni Riain Ailis , Vahey Catherine , Kennedy Conor , Campbell Stephen , Collins Claire 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to describe a national, comprehensive quality indicator set to support delivering high-quality clinical care in Irish general practice.

Design/methodology/approach
– Potential general practice quality indicators were identified through a literature review. A modified two-stage Delphi process was used to rationalise international indicators into an indicator set, involving both experts from key stakeholder groups (general practitioners (GPs), practice nurses, practice managers, patient and health policy representatives) and predominantly randomly selected GPs. An illustrative evaluation approach was used to road test the indicator set and supporting materials.

Findings
– In total, 80 panellists completed the two Delphi rounds and staff in 13 volunteer practices participated in the road test. The original 171 indicators was reduced to 147 during the Delphi process and further reduced to 68 indicators during the road test. The indicators were set out in 14 sub-domains across three areas (practice infrastructure, practice processes and procedures, and practice staff). Practice staff planned 77 quality improvement activities after their assessment against the indicators and 31 (40 per cent) were completed with 44 (57 per cent) ongoing and two (3 per cent) not advanced after a six-month road test. A General Practice Indicators of Quality indicator set and support materials were produced at the conclusion.

Practical implications
– It is important and relatively easy to customise existing quality indicators to a particular setting. The development process can be used to raise awareness, build capacity and drive quality improvement activity in general practices.

Originality/value
– The authors describe in detail a method to develop general practice quality indicators for a regional or national population from existing validated indicators using consensus, action research and an illuminative evaluation.
Patient assessment of primary care physician communication: segmentation approach
Authors: Platonova Elena A. , Shewchuk Richard M. 
Published: May 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine how patient assessment of primary care physician (PCP) communication is related to patient satisfaction with the PCP, patient perception of PCP professional competence, patient assessment of the relationship with the doctor and patient demographic characteristics using a segmentation approach.Design/methodology/approach– The authors surveyed 514 adult patients waiting for appointments with their PCPs in two US primary care clinics. A latent class analysis was used to identify mutually exclusive unobserved homogeneous classes of patients.Findings– The authors identified three distinct classes/groups with regard to patient assessment of physician communication and the physician-patient relationship. The largest group (53 percent of the sample) assessed their PCP communication and other doctor-patient relationship aspects as excellent. However, 37 percent provided mostly negative assessments, expressed high general dissatisfaction with the physician and disagreed with the statement that their PCP was well qualified to manage their health problems. These patients were on average more educated and affluent and the group included more males. About 10 percent of patients expressed generally lower satisfaction with the PCP, though their dissatisfaction was not as extreme as in the highly dissatisfied group.Research limitations/implications– Further studies are needed to help physicians develop skills to communicate with different patients.Originality/value– Patient segmentation can be an important tool for healthcare quality improvement particularly for emerging approaches to primary care such as patient-centered care.
Measurement of manufacturing agility: a case study
Authors: Routroy Srikanta , Potdar Pavan Kumar , Shankar Arjun 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to determine the agility level of a manufacturing system along different timelines.

Design/methodology/approach
– The fuzzy synthetic extents of agile manufacturing enablers (AMEs), on the basis of their importance, are determined. Then they are integrated with their performance ratings along different timeline for calculating the Fuzzy Agile Manufacturing Index (FAMI). Euclidean distances of FAMI from predetermined agility levels are mapped to determine the agility level of the manufacturing system along different timeline.

Findings
– The proposed methodology was implemented in an Indian manufacturing organization to determine its agility level. It was concluded from the obtained results that there was significant improvement in the agility level along the timeline.

Research limitations/implications
– The weights of the AMEs are assumed to be constant along the timeline.

Practical implications
– The supply chain mangers can easily apply this methodology in their respective manufacturing organizations to assess and determine the agility level. This proposed approach will show the direction to check the performance of agility and evaluate the evolution of agility in their respective manufacturing organizations.

Originality/value
– The combination of fuzzy synthetic extent of weights and average fuzzy performance ratings of AMEs to calculate the FAMI along the timeline considering judgments of multiple experts is a unique contribution.
Optimal evaluation time point for patch testing to predict skin irritation of commercial topical drugs
Authors: Horita Kotomi , Tomita Chiaki , Yasoshima Mitsue , Matsunaga Kayoko 
Published: May 2015

AbstractTo develop patch testing (PT) that better reflects the skin irritation resulting from repeated applications, we methodically classified PT results and examined correlations between these results with results from repeated application tests. A total of 115 commercial topical drugs were used for patch testing. In two groups of 30 healthy individuals with normal back skin, 55 or 60 commercial topical drugs were applied to the back for 24 h. Skin reactions were scored for each group at 2 and 24 h after patch removal. Based on time‐dependent changes in skin reaction at each evaluation time, PT results were classified into six different types. For repeated application testing, a total of 17 products with different types of PT results were selected. A total of 104 healthy individuals divided into three groups (n = 22–52 each) received application of 6–7 test materials, differing for each group, for 3 weeks on both arms. Incidences of positive symptoms induced by repeated drug application excluding transient erythema showed a greater correlation with reaction levels at 24 h after patch removal than 2 h after patch removal. Many test materials that triggered a high incidence of positive symptoms after repeated application also exhibited erythema or greater reaction up to 24 h after patch removal. PT offers a useful test system for predicting skin irritation that develops after repeated application of topical drug. Moreover, assessment at 24 h after patch removal is suggested as the optimal evaluation time point to reflect the results of repeated application tests.
Systematic method for initial rapid analysis of maxillofacial computed tomography scans for surgeons in training
Authors: Denney Brad David , Ray Peter R. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBackgroundReading maxillofacial computed tomography (CT) scans is a basic skill for any surgeon who operates on the face. A standard systematic approach for how to read a maxillofacial CT scan from a surgeon's perspective is lacking in literature, particularly for those in the early stages of training. We present a method of initial rapid analysis which our residents in training have responded to and report to be conceptually simple to apply.MethodsThe senior author reviewed over 250 consults for face trauma and performed a detailed composite of the most common elements of each consult as well as the clinically relevant decision points. These elements were then bundled into a conceptual sketch of the skull‐face‐mandible with an accompanying standardized clinical data list. The new residents were then guided through a systematic approach to reading the scans while sketching the injuries identified. The authors then performed a survey to establish if the new method was helpful to early learners prior to and after adoption of the method. The survey consisted of five questions regarding the utility of the method for analysis of reading maxillofacial CT.ResultsIn total, seven residents were surveyed; 100% thought the technique made reading facial CT easier, 100% thought this method was easy to teach to junior residents and 86% found the analysis of facial CT easier and helped their surgical decision making.ConclusionWe present a systematic method for surgeons to evaluate facial CT scans. This is the first published account of methodology for maxillofacial CT analysis for surgeons.
Fellow‐eye neovascularization in unilateral retinal angiomatous proliferation in a Korean population
Authors: Chang Young Suk , Kim Jae Hui , Yoo Su Jin , Lew Young Ju , Kim Jooyeon 
Published: May 2015

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the incidence of fellow‐eye neovascularization in retinal angiomatous proliferation (RAP) in a Korean population and associated risk factors.MethodThis retrospective, observational study included 81 eyes (81 patients) diagnosed with unilateral RAP who were followed up for ≥12 months. The RAP diagnosis was based on an indocyanine green angiography reviewed by two retinal specialists. In fellow eyes experiencing neovascularization, the period between RAP diagnosis and neovascularization was compared between eyes with and without reticular pseudodrusen.ResultsThe mean age (±standard deviation) of the 81 patients was 74.7 ± 6.1 years. The mean follow‐up period was 27.8 ± 12.4 months. Fellow‐eye neovascularization was noted in 31 patients (38.3%), and 24 of these (77.4%) was a RAP subtype. Fellow‐eye involvement was noted within 12 months in 13 eyes (16.0%). The period between diagnosis and fellow‐eye neovascularization was significantly shorter in eyes with reticular pseudodrusen (mean 13.8 ± 8.5 months) than in eyes without reticular pseudodrusen (mean 21.2 ± 9.1 months; p = 0.031).ConclusionIn our cohort of unilateral RAP patients, fellow‐eye neovascularization was noted in 38.3% in 27.8 months. The presence of reticular pseudodrusen in the fellow eye was closely associated with relatively early onset.
Norah Fry – what can we learn from history?
Authors: Russell Oliver 
Published: May 2015

Accessible Summary

The Norah Fry Research Centre is named after Norah Fry who was one of the first women to stand up for people with learning disabilities.

Over a 100 years ago Norah Fry visited people with learning disabilities and their families in Bristol and Somerset to find out what they needed to enjoy better lives.

She wrote reports about what she had found and people wrote down what she said should be done to make life better.

When she died she left money to the university to be used for teaching and for finding out more about the needs of people with learning disabilities and those who were mentally ill.

We can now look back on the changes that she wanted to make and the problems she faced in trying to bring about change.

SummaryThis paper explores how Norah Fry's concerns of 100 years ago have been relevant to the work of the Norah Fry Research Centre. In 1898, Norah Fry began to investigate the social conditions and educational needs of people with learning disabilities living in Bristol and Somerset. In reporting her findings to a Royal Commission in 1905, she set out her vision for the future. For over 50 years, she was a champion for people with learning disabilities. She canvassed support for schools for those excluded from education; she led campaigns to close the parish workhouses; and she sought to establish new patterns of residential support. This account of Norah Fry's life and legacy explores the results of the social investigations which she carried out, the policies that emerged from her work and the resistances she encountered in working for change.
Being researchers for the first time: reflections on the development of an inclusive research group
Authors: Tilly Liz ,   Money, Friends and Making Ends Meet' Research Group
Published: May 2015

Accessible summary

A group of people with a learning disability joined a group to talk about their lives

Being part of it was important, and they have continued as a research group

The group gives the members a voice and it helps them to know other people have similar issues to deal with.

It has also shaped their identity – how they feel about their lives and themselves.

SummaryMoney, Friends and Making Ends Meet was an inclusive research project; it enabled a group of people with a learning disability who do not receive specialist support services to explore their own lives. This group are often labelled as having a mild learning disability. The research project focused on the strategies they used to cope with day to day living, their experiences of poverty and the support received from their social networks and social capital. The group members found participation in the research project enabled them to have a voice, identify the social barriers in their lives and gave them support and confidence to take action about them and so resolve some of their difficulties. They also embraced the label of learning disability and wanted staff in front‐line services to be aware of this, so they had greater understanding and support. This article is written by the instigator of the research group, but with a central part written by the group members in their own words. It focusses on how participation in the research project had a major impact on the group members as they moved from individuals involved in a short term research project to an established research group with its own motivation and direction. The group has since received further grant funding to research the effects of the welfare reform on their lives, and some have completed a bespoke accredited course on doing inclusive research.
Identification of two novel mutations in SLC12A3 gene in two Chinese pedigrees with Gitelman syndrome and review of literature
Authors: Li Congcong , Zhou Xinli , Han Wenxia , Jiang Xiuyun , Liu Jia , Fang Li , Wang Hai , Guan Qingbo , Gao Ling , Zhao Jiajun , Xu Jin , Xu Chao 
Published: May 2015

SummaryObjectiveGitelman syndrome (GS) is one of the most common causes of inherited hypokalaemia. As it was caused by mutations in the SLC12A3 gene, GS is a highly heterogeneous disease. Here, we aimed to investigate the clinical and genetic characteristics of two Chinese pedigrees and summarize the advance in GS genetics, diagnosis and management.Subjects and methodsTwo three‐generation families with GS were identified and screened for mutations in the SLC12A3 gene. Genotype–phenotype correlations were analysed.ResultsThe two probands (A and B) were characterized by hypokalaemia, hypomagnesaemia and hypocalciuria without hypertension. Complete DNA sequencing of the SLC12A3 gene revealed two novel compound heterozygous mutations (c.179C>T and c.234delG; c.486‐490delTACGGinsA and c.1925G>A), which are predicted to drastically affect normal protein structure. The female members of the pedigrees showed mild‐to‐no phenotype, although they carried the same mutations as the probands. Moreover, proband B presented with more severe symptoms than did proband A, which might be related to a lower serum magnesium level. During the 1‐year follow‐up, both probands showed satisfactory symptom improvement following the use of potassium and magnesium supplements.ConclusionOur findings strongly suggested that the two novel mutations in the SLC12A3 gene are the causative agents of GS, which may provide further insights into the function of this gene and help clinicians better understand this disorder.
Lethal 1080 baiting continues to reduce European Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes) abundance after more than 25 years of continuous use in south‐west Western Australia
Authors: Marlow Nicola J. , Thomas Neil D. , Williams Andrew A. E. , Macmahon Brian , Lawson John , Hitchen Yvette , Angus John , Berry Oliver 
Published: May 2015

SummaryEuropean Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes) baiting with 1080 poison (sodium fluoroacetate) is undertaken in many Australian sites to reduce fox abundance and to protect vulnerable native species from predation. The longest continuous use of fox baiting for fauna conservation commenced in south‐west Western Australia in the 1980s and includes baiting Dryandra Woodland and Tutanning Nature Reserve. The trap success of the Woylie (Bettongia penicillata) in these two reserves initially increased more than 20‐fold after the commencement of baiting and was maintained until 2000. Woylie captures then decreased rapidly, despite ongoing fox baiting, so the long‐term efficacy of 1080 baiting was questioned. Here, fox density and probabilities of detection, re‐detection and survival between replicated baited and unbaited sites were compared by modelling capture–recapture of individual foxes. These were identified from microsatellite DNA genotypes obtained non‐invasively from hair, scat and saliva samples. The frequency and duration of fox residencies were also quantified. Remote cameras were used to determine the fate of baits but uptake by foxes was low, whereas nontarget species' bait uptake was high. Nevertheless, foxes inhabiting baited reserves had significantly higher mortality, shorter residency times, and 80% lower density than foxes inhabiting unbaited reserves. Baiting continues to significantly reduce fox abundance after more than 25 years of continuous use. This has positive implications for fox control programmes throughout Australia but reduced fox abundance may facilitate increased predation by feral Cats (Felis catus).
Preliminary data on the effect of osseous anatomy on ex vivo joint mobility in the equine thoracolumbar region
Authors: Jones K. E. 
Published: May 2015

SummaryReasons for performing studyThe thoracolumbar region is clinically important in horses; however, the link between joint mobility and bony joint morphology has not been tested quantitatively.ObjectivesTo establish which aspects of vertebral morphology correlate with ex vivo range of motion in the thoracolumbar region of Equus caballus, and demonstrate methodologies for linking vertebral form and function.Study designMorphometric study of osteological specimens.MethodsA digital model was created of a disarticulated thoracolumbar region to examine bone‐to‐bone interactions during in silico bending. Linear measurements and geometric morphometric landmarks were taken from 6 vertebrae per specimen (specimens n = 5, vertebrae n = 30), and compared with experimental range of motion in dorsiflexion, ventroflexion, lateroflexion and axial rotation data using Spearman's rank correlation, to test a priori hypotheses regarding thoracolumbar functional anatomy.ResultsDecreased sagittal mobility correlates with a tall, heart‐shaped vertebral body, although bony interactions restrict dorsiflexion more than ventroflexion. Lateroflexion correlates with a narrow vertebral body, a short transverse process lever arm, and narrowly placed horizontally oriented zygapophyses. Lateral joints also restrict lateroflexion in the posterior lumbar region. Axial rotation is related to the shape of the zygapophyseal joint.ConclusionsThese preliminary data suggest that vertebral joint morphology does determine experimentally measured range of motion, but patterns depend upon the type of motion. These methods are useful for identifying functionally relevant morphological variation and suggest osteological features are important in determining motion.
Complementary and alternative medicine for the prevention and treatment of migraine headache: an overview of systematic reviews
Authors: Posadzki Paul , AlBedah Abdullah MN , Khalil Mohamed MK , AlQaed Meshari S , Lee Myeong S , Ernst Edzard , Car Josip 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBackgroundComplementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is very popular among migraineurs.ObjectivesThe aim of this article is to summarise and critically evaluate the evidence from systematic reviews (SRs) of CAM for the prevention and treatment of migraine headache.MethodTen electronic databases were searched from 1946 to August 2014. Retrieved papers were also hand‐searched for relevant references. Systematic reviews were eligible for inclusion if they reported the prevention and treatment of migraine headache using any type of CAM. Oxman criteria were used to appraise the methodological quality of the included SRs.ResultsThirty‐three SRs, with a total of 45 886 migraine sufferers, were included in the analyses. The majority (64%) of the SRs were of high methodological quality (mean Oxman score=4.87, SD=3.96). Most (60.6%) SRs arrived at positive conclusions (16 of which were of high quality); two (6.0%) SRs arrived at negative conclusions (of which one was of high quality), and 11 (33.3%) arrived at equivocal conclusions (of which four were of high quality). The majority of the high‐quality SRs (Oxman score=6–9) were based on moderate‐quality RCTs. For multiple SRs, unanimously positive conclusions were reached for acupuncture and biofeedback. There was conflicting evidence regarding the effectiveness of homeopathy, herbal medicines such as Petasites hybridus and Tanacetum parthenium L., and spinal manipulative therapy.ConclusionThe evidence from SRs evaluating the effectiveness of CAM for the prevention or treatment of migraine headache is mostly positive. However, several caveats should be taken into account, and only for acupuncture and biofeedback are the conclusions unanimously positive.
New Zealand's turbulent waters: the use of forced labour in the fishing industry
Authors: STRINGER CHRISTINA , WHITTAKER D. HUGH , SIMMONS GLENN 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn this article, we make an empirical and conceptual contribution to the emerging debate on unfree labour in the context of labour chains and global value chains. We recast an historical view of poor labour practices aboard some foreign charter vessels fishing in New Zealand's waters as something more nefarious. Applying the International Labour Organization (ILO) and European Commission (EC) operational indicators of human trafficking for forced labour to 293 interviews, we evaluate the extent to which we can consider migrant fishing crew aboard South Korean vessels as victims of forced labour. We find that they are indeed victims of forced labour and that there is a need to extend the ILO/EC operational indicators to take into account exit strategies. Specifically, there is insufficient recognition of deception, exploitation and coercion at the point of exit, which can prevent a trafficked victim from exiting the employment relationship. Thus, it is crucial to take account of all stages, from recruitment to exit, to understand fully unfree labour in labour and global value chains.