bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compensation After Surgical Treatment for Hallux Valgus: A Review of 369 Claims to the Norwegian System of Patient Injury Compensation 2010–2020
Authors: Randsborg Per-Henrik , Aae Tommy Frøseth , Bukholm Ida Rashida Khan , Jakobsen Rune Bruhn 
Published: August 2024

PurposeThe aim of the study is to identify the most common avoidable patient injuries related to hallux valgus surgery.MethodsWe assessed the claims reported to the Norwegian System of Patient Injury Compensation (NPE) following surgery for hallux valgus in light of hospital volume. Data from NPE was categorized according to age, sex, reason for claim, and reason for accepted/rejected claim. The institutions were grouped by catchment population into low volume (<150,000), middle volume (150,000–300,000), and high volume (>300,000) institutions. The effect of hospital volume on the likelihood of an accepted claim was estimated.ResultsNPE received 369 claims of which 173 (46.9%) were accepted. The main reason for accepted claims was recurrence of the deformity, wrong level osteotomy or insufficient fixation. A quarter of the claims were accepted because of lack of indication and one in 5 accepted claims was due to a postoperative infection. Patient treated at low-volume institutions had a higher fraction of accepted claims (P< 0.01). The odds ratio for an accepted claim in the low volume hospitals was 5.8 (95% confidence interval 4.1–8.3) compared with the middle- and high-volume institutions.ConclusionsThe likelihood of a treatment error that leads to compensation was higher in low-volume institutions.Level of EvidenceLevel II Prospective cohort study
A Feasibility Study of HoloLens Ear Image Guidance for Ear Reconstruction
Authors: Jiang Dongwen , Wang Shuang , Ma Chenhao , Yang Jinxiu , He Leren 
Published: August 2024

Background
An ideal 3D cartilage framework and accurate anatomical location are the most important factors to carry out a satisfactory reconstruction of the ear. To streamline this process, we developed an augmented reality assistance system, HoloLens Ear Image Guidance, which is based on computed tomography (CT) data, tailor-made navigation kits to guide reconstruction, data processing software, and HoloLens hardware. The objective of this study is to verify its feasibility in a clinical setting.

Methods
This study first validated our system in healthy controls and then extrapolated data to test on patients with microtia. First, three healthy volunteers were recruited, and reconstructive navigation kits were made using 3D printing. CT data were collected for the head and neck and imported into the HoloLens Ear Image Guidance Application to generate a personalized 3D virtual ear image. Volunteers then wore the navigation kits while researchers observed them through the HoloLens to check accuracy, track delay, and view the ear image guide.
Ten patients with unilateral microtia were recruited and CT data were collected, and reconstructive navigation kits were made to assist with surgery. The procedure was monitored to record the surgeon's experience wearing the HoloLens, the patients' complications associated with wearing navigation kit, and to measure the symmetry between the reconstructed ear and the reference counterpart.

Results
In control patients, the deviation between the virtual image and the real ear was less than 2.4% (±0.22%); the tracking delay was less than 1.26 s (±0.09 s), the display effect was good, and surgeons did not report discomfort or dizziness while wearing the HoloLens. Volunteers did not report any pain from holding the navigation reference in their mouth during the test. Following validation, the HoloLens-assisted procedures were not associated with surgeon discomfort or dizziness. No complications were noted in patients including injury to the oral mucosa. Symmetry between the reconstructed ear and the contralateral ear was noted to be satisfactory in HoloLens-assisted surgery.

Conclusions
The HoloLens Ear Image Guidance initially met clinical demands in registration accuracy, tracking speed, and subjective user experience, which can be used as the basis for continual software improvements and clinical application.
Impact of Multi-Institutional Enhanced Recovery after Surgery Protocol Implementation on Elective Colorectal Surgery Outcomes
Authors: Antoniv Marta , Nikiforchin Andrei , Sell Naomi M , Bordeianou Liliana G , Francone Todd D , Ahmed Fraz , Rubin Marc S , Bleday Ronald 
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:
Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols aim to improve surgical patient outcomes, although their effectiveness may vary. This study assessed the impact of multi-institutional ERAS implementation on postoperative morbidity in patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery.

STUDY DESIGN:
We conducted a multicenter retrospective cohort study using the American College of Surgeons NSQIP database from 2012 to 2020. We analyzed patient outcomes before (2012 to 2014) and after (2015 to 2020) ERAS implementation across 4 hospitals. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the impact of ERAS program on certain outcomes.

RESULTS:
A total of 8,930 cases were analyzed: 3,573 in the pre-ERAS and 5,357 in the ERAS cohort. The ERAS cohort demonstrated significant reductions in superficial surgical site infection (SSI; 7.5% vs 2.5%, p < 0.001), deep SSI (0.6% vs 0.2%, p = 0.016), urinary tract infection (3.3% vs 1.5%, p < 0.001), pulmonary embolism (0.7% vs 0.4%, p = 0.022), deep vein thrombosis (1.4% vs 0.9%, p = 0.020), sepsis (3.0% vs 2.1%, p = 0.006), and other complications. Median length of stay decreased from 5 to 4 days (p < 0.001), and 30-day readmission rate dropped from 11.3% to 9.8% (p = 0.022). Overall, ERAS implementation was associated with a 35% decrease in the odds of all 30-day complications (odds ratio 0.65, 95% CI 0.59 to 0.73). There was no effect on 30-day (p = 0.962) or overall mortality rates (p = 0.732).

CONCLUSIONS:
A standardized ERAS protocol, used across multiple institutions, significantly improves elective colorectal surgery outcomes, reducing complications, length of hospital stay, and readmissions. These findings support the broader implementation of ERAS to enhance patient care and reduce healthcarecosts.
Kinetic modeling of ethylene biosynthesis and signaling pathways in ripening tomato fruit
Authors: Viet Nguyen Thao Minh , Tran Dinh Thi , Mata Clara I. , Van de Poel Bram , Nicolaï Bart M. , Hertog Maarten L. A. T. M. 
Published: August 2024

SummaryEthylene biosynthesis and signaling are pivotal pathways in various plant aging processes, including fruit ripening. Kinetic models can be used to better understand metabolic pathways, but modeling of the ethylene-related pathways is limited and the link between these pathways remains unsolved.A transcriptomics-based kinetic model was developed, consisting of ordinary differential equations describing ethylene biosynthesis and signaling pathways in tomato during fruit development, ripening and post-harvest storage.This model was calibrated against a large volume of transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolic data during on-vine ripening of tomato fruit grown in winter and summer. The model was validated using data on off-vine postharvest ripening. The ethylene biosynthesis pathway under different conditions appeared to be largely driven by gene expression levels.The ethylene-regulation of fruit ripening of a heat tolerant tomato grown in different seasons is identical but with quantitative differences at the targeted omics levels. This is reflected by some of the same parameters with distinct values for summer and winter fruit. The current model is the first attempt to model the ethylene signaling pathway starting from gene expression, the various protein – protein interactions, including the link with ethylene production, internal ethylene levels and its receptors.
YOLO-Behaviour: A simple, flexible framework to automatically quantify animal behaviours from videos
Authors: Hang Chan Alex Hoi , Putra Prasetia , Schupp Harald , Köchling Johanna , Straßheim Jana , Renner Britta , Schroeder Julia , Pearse William D. , Nakagawa Shinichi , Burke Terry , Griesser Michael , Meltzer Andrea , Lubrano Saverio , Kano Fumihiro 
Published: August 2024

AbstractManually coding behaviours from videos is essential to study animal behaviour but it is labour-intensive and susceptible to inter-rater bias and reliability issues. Recent developments of computer vision tools enable the automatic quantification of behaviours, supplementing or even replacing manual annotations. However, widespread adoption of these methods is still limited, due to the lack of annotated training datasets and domain-specific knowledge required to optimize these models for animal research. Here, we present YOLO-Behaviour, a flexible framework for identifying visually distinct behaviours from video recordings. The framework is robust, easy to implement, and requires minimal manual annotations as training data. We demonstrate the flexibility of the framework with case studies for event-wise detection in house sparrow nestling provisioning, Siberian jay feeding, human eating behaviours, and frame-wise detections of various behaviours in pigeons, zebras, and giraffes. Our results show that the framework reliably detects behaviours accurately, and retrieve comparable accuracy metrics to manual annotation. However, metrics extracted for event-wise detection were less correlated with manual annotation, and potential reasons for the discrepancy between manual annotation and automatic detection are discussed. To mitigate this problem, the framework can be used as a hybrid approach of first detecting events using the pipeline and then manually confirming the detections, saving annotation time. We provide detailed documentation and guidelines on how to implement the YOLO-Behaviour framework, for researchers to readily train and deploy new models on their own study systems. We anticipate the framework can be another step towards lowering the barrier of entry for applying computer vision methods in animal behaviour.
Neural tracking of auditory statistical regularities is reduced in adults with dyslexia
Authors: Ringer Hanna , Sammler Daniela , Daikoku Tatsuya 
Published: August 2024

AbstractListeners implicitly use statistical regularities to segment continuous sound input into meaningful units, e.g., transitional probabilities between syllables to segment a speech stream into separate words. Implicit learning of such statistical regularities in a novel stimulus stream is reflected in a synchronisation of neural responses to the sequential stimulus structure. The present study aimed to test the hypothesis that neural tracking of the statistical stimulus structure is reduced in individuals with dyslexia who have weaker reading and spelling skills, and possibly also weaker statistical learning abilities in general, compared to healthy controls. To this end, adults with and without dyslexia were presented with continuous streams of (non-speech) tones, which were arranged into triplets, such that transitional probabilities between single tones were high within triplets and low between triplets. We found that neural tracking of the triplet structure, i.e., phase coherence of EEG response at the triplet rate relative to the tone rate, was reduced in adults with dyslexia compared to the control group. Moreover, enhanced neural tracking of the statistical structure was associated with better spelling skills. These results suggest that individuals with dyslexia have a rather broad deficit in processing structure in sound instead of a merely phonological deficit.
Readaptation of mesenchymal stem cells to high stiffness and oxygen environments modulate the extracellular matrix
Authors: Caramelo Inês , Domingues Catarina , Mendes Vera M. , Anjo Sandra I. , Geraldo Margarida , Cardoso Carla M. P. , Grãos Mário , Manadas Bruno 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been explored over the past decades due to their ability to modulate the microenvironment through paracrine signaling. Consequently, the secretome of MCSs has emerged as a cell-free therapy rather than a cell therapy, offering the advantages of being readily commercialized as an off-the-shelf product without immunogenicity compatibility issues. As a result, strategies to manipulate and enhance the secretory profile of MSCs’ secretome are emerging. MSCs from the Wharton’s jelly niche are accommodated to the stiffness and oxygen level found at the umbilical cord (UC), which are 2 to 5kPa (Young’s modulus) and 2.4% to 3.8% O2, respectively. Howeverin vitroculture conditions (2-3 GPa and 18.5% O2) are largely different from the one observed in vivo. Here, we present a proteomic characterization of the secretome of MSCs primed (48h) or readapted (7-10 days) to soft (3kPa) (mechanomodulated) or low oxygen levels (5% O2) (physioxia). Maintaining MSCs on soft platforms for long periods increased the secretion of proteins associated with cell redox homeostasis, such as protein disulfide isomerases and mitochondrial proteins, while physioxia enhanced the secretion of immunomodulatory proteins. The high secretion of these proteins might confer a therapeutical advantage by favoring a regenerative environment at the injury site. Interestingly, lowering the stiffness or oxygen converged on the downregulation of several extracellular matrix proteins (ECM), particularly collagen fibrils, on primed and readapted cells. These results suggest that a massive reorganization of the extracellular space occurs upon culturing MSCs on conventional culture conditions, which may affect not only matrix stiffness but also several signaling pathways initiated at the cell membrane, such as PDGF signaling pathways (e.g., PI3K-AKT), consequently biasing stem cell fate. In conclusion, mimicking physiological culture conditionsin vitromodulates secretome composition, which may empower its therapeutical properties by enriching proteins that promote cell survival.Graphical Abstract
Extracellular matrix stiffness determines the phenotypic behavior of dedifferentiated melanoma cells through a DDR1/2-dependent YAP mechanotransduction pathway
Authors: Lecacheur Margaux , Berestjuk Ilona , Carminati Alexandrine , Bouvet Océane , Diazzi Serena , Biber Pierric , Rovera Christopher , Irondelle Marie , Larbret Frédéric , Prod’homme Virginie , Girard Christophe A. , Deckert Marcel , Tartare-Deckert Sophie 
Published: August 2024

AbstractExtracellular matrix (ECM) stiffening, resulting from increased collagen deposition and cross-linking, is a key biophysical factor of the tumor microenvironment. Cutaneous melanoma is a deadly metastatic cancer. Its aggressiveness stems from high intratumoral heterogeneity, resulting from the plasticity of melanoma cells, which transit from a melanocytic state to dedifferentiated therapy-resistant and invasive phenotypes, characterized by mesenchymal and/or neural crest stem cell-like features. Phenotypic plasticity is regulated by stroma-derived soluble factors, but the functional impact of ECM stiffening on melanoma cell phenotypes remains ill defined. Here, we found that melanoma cell subpopulations display difference in mechanical responsiveness. Compared to melanocytic cells, mesenchymal dedifferentiated cells showed increased proliferation, migration and resistance to MAP kinase-targeted therapy when seeded on stiff collagen. By contrast, a soft ECM impaired their proliferation and migration and sensitized them to targeted therapy. In addition, extracellular mechanical signals are required to sustain melanoma cell identity and dedifferentiation features. Further analyses indicated that the mechanosensitivity nature of dedifferentiated cells relies on the expression and activation of collagen receptors DDR1 and DDR2 that control actomyosin cytoskeleton reorganization and YAP mechanotransduction pathway. Inhibiting both DDR in dedifferentiated melanoma cells abrogated their mechano-induced behavior and drug-resistant phenotype, while forcing their expression in melanocytic cells induced mechanical responsiveness and a less differentiated phenotype. Our results reveal that phenotypic reprogramming endows dedifferentiated melanoma cells with increased sensitivity and addiction to ECM stiffness. We propose that mechano-addiction mediated by DDR collagen receptors may represent a novel vulnerability for aggressive dedifferentiated cancer cells that can be exploited for therapeutic benefits.
Antimycin A induces light hypersensitivity of photosystem II in the presence of QB-site binding herbicides
Authors: Imaizumi Ko , Takagi Daisuke , Ifuku Kentaro 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPhotosynthetic electron transport consists of linear electron flow and two cyclic electron flow (CEF) pathways around photosystem I (PSI). PGR5-dependent CEF-PSI is thought to be the major CEF-PSI pathway and an important regulator of photosynthetic electron transfer. Antimycin A (AA) is commonly recognized as an inhibitor of PGR5-dependent CEF-PSI in photosynthesis. Although previous findings imply that AA may also affect photosystem II (PSII), which does not participate in CEF-PSI, these “secondary effects” tend to be neglected, and AA is often used for inhibition of PGR5-dependent CEF-PSI as if it were a specific inhibitor. Here, we investigated the direct effects of AA on PSII using isolated spinach PSII membranes, and spinach andChlamydomonasthylakoid membranes. Measurements of QA−reoxidation kinetics showed that AA affects the acceptor side of PSII and inhibits electron transport within PSII. Furthermore, repetitiveFv/Fmmeasurements revealed that, in the presence of QB-site binding inhibitors, AA treatment results in severe photoinhibition even from a single-turnover flash. The direct effects of AA on PSII are non-negligible and caution is required when using AA as an inhibitor of PGR5-dependent CEF-PSI. Meanwhile, we found that the commercially available compound AA3, which is a component of the AA complex, inhibits PGR5-dependent CEF-PSI without having notable effects on PSII. Thus, we propose that AA3 should be used for the physiological study of the PGR5-dependent CEF-PSI.
A theory of rapid behavioral inferences under the pressure of time
Authors: Hermundstad Ann M. , Młynarski Wiktor F. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTTo survive, animals must be able quickly infer the state of their surroundings. For example, to successfully escape an approaching predator, prey must quickly estimate the direction of approach from incoming sensory stimuli. Such rapid inferences are particularly challenging because the animal has only a brief window of time to gather sensory stimuli, and yet the accuracy of inference is critical for survival. Due to evolutionary pressures, nervous systems have likely evolved effective computational strategies that enable accurate inferences under strong time limitations. Traditionally, the relationship between the speed and accuracy of inference has been described by the “speed-accuracy tradeoff” (SAT), which quantifies how the average performance of an ideal observer improves as the observer has more time to collect incoming stimuli. While this trial-averaged description can reasonably account for individual inferences made over long timescales, it does not capture individual inferences on short timescales, when trial-to-trial variability gives rise to diverse patterns of error dynamics. We show that an ideal observer can exploit this single-trial structure by adaptively tracking the dynamics of its belief about the state of the environment, which enables it make more rapid inferences and more reliably track its own error but also causes it to violate the SAT. We show that these features can be used to improve overall performance during rapid escape. The resulting behavior qualitatively reproduces features of escape behavior in the fruit flyDrosophila melanogaster, whose escapes have presumably been highly optimized by natural selection.
Assessing neuronal correlates of salience and their adaptability with naturalistic textures in macaque V1 and V2
Authors: Davila Aida , Kohn Adam 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSalience is critical to vision. It allows stimuli that are different from their surroundings to ‘pop out’, drawing our attention. Perceptual salience is postulated to be encoded via a saliency map, based on differences in neuronal responsivity to simple image features at different spatial locations. Simple image features such as luminance, orientation and color are known to affect saliency and many of these features are encoded in primary visual cortex (V1), which several influential theories propose instantiate a saliency map. However, the degree to which more complex image features can determine salience, and whether there are neural correlates of salience which are computed outside of V1, remains unclear. Here we use displays of naturalistic textures to test for neural correlates of salience—termed pop-out responses—in V1 and area V2 of anesthetized macaque monkeys. Sensitivity to higher-order texture statistics arises in V2, so pop-out responses for these displays, if they exist, would be expected to be computed after V1. We presented displays in which a target texture, presented within the neuronal receptive field, was surrounded by distractors. Distractors could differ from the target texture in either higher-order texture statistics only, or in both lower- and higher-order statistics. We found little evidence for pop-out signals in either V1 or V2, for either display type. However, brief periods of adaptation could induce pop-out responses in V2. This suggests that adaptation might define which features of the environment are most salient, even if those features would otherwise not evoke pop-out responses.Significance statementWe tested for neuronal correlates of salience—termed pop-out responses—using displays with multiple patches of naturalistic textures, whose higher-order statistics are encoded by neurons outside primary visual cortex. We found little evidence for pop-out responses in V1 or V2. However, brief periods of adaptation could induce pop-out responses in V2. Our results indicate that the computations that define bottom-up attention (i.e., salience) are malleable and continuously updated by our stimulus history.