From Field Experience in Extreme Cold Conditions to Health and Safety Internal Guidelines for Future Projects
Authors: Turlan F. , Audibert-Hayet A. 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
TOTAL Exploration & Production has been active in cold environmentssince 1970 (i.e. drilling in the Arctic Islands in Canada) and has beenoperating the Russian Kharyaga field since 1999. For its first experiences inthose challenging conditions, TOTAL applied its internal rules andspecifications that were not aimed at this kind of environments but to" classic" prospects, the main assets being in the Guinea Golf, in the NorthSea, the Middle East and in South East Asia. As the prospects and TOTAL'sportfolio have developed in areas where temperatures are below −15°C, such asKashagan field in Kazakhstan or Yamal in Russia, an " Extreme Cold" taskforcewas put together several years ago. The aim is to gather feedbacks from thepast and to centralize the Research & Development activities to look forinnovative solutions for the future and on-going projects. The workgroup isorganized around several panels, one of those being the Health and Safetyaspects for the operations in Extreme Cold conditions. From partnership throughJIPs, internal research and workshops with affiliates (mainly in Norway, Russiaor Canada), and projects teams, it has been decided to produce internalguidelines in order to define and harmonize the practices, acknowledging thateach field has its own meteorological constraints, and to gather the resultsfrom the multiple actions carried out by TOTAL headquarters or affiliates. Themethodology and the risk analysis performed to obtain a common technical basiswill be here presented.

Introduction
TOTAL Exploration & Production (E&P) has been active in coldenvironments since 1970 (i.e. drilling in the Arctic Islands in Canada) and hasbeen operating the Russian Kharyaga field since 1999. To properly develop suchassets and increase its presence in these conditions, TOTAL E&P has to useits current skills and develop methods to ensure that its operations arecarried out with the best up to date practice while ensuring the health andsafety of workers and limiting its environmental impact in sensitive regions.
Extreme cold conditions raise specific hazards and issues and increase riskscompared with " conventional" installations located in a less hostileenvironment. These harsh conditions may directly or indirectly impactfacilities, industrial operations and/or personnel. Analysis of all availablemetocean data, hindcast and forecast, is crucial for such projects in order tosafely design the installations and to maintain them for as long as the projectis being developed (30 years in this case). Climate change data are alsocrucial. The identification of such risks is necessary from the conceptualstage, as is an understanding of the local environment.
As TOTAL's portfolio in extreme cold conditions continues to develop, it isnecessary to ensure that the feedbacks are integrated and that the propertechnologies and skills are developed. As will be described later on, this ismainly ensured via the Company own standards (through a set of requirements, recommendations and guidelines) and databases accessible internally.