bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of LPG2 and GP63 Genes Sequencing in Patients with Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
Authors: muhammad Othman m , Salih Thaer A. , Al-Halbosiy Mohammad M. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is a significant health issue, particularly in Iraq, with a notable increase in cases during the winter months. This cross-sectional study was conducted at Ramadi Teaching Hospital, selected due to the rising incidence of CL. A total of 10 patients, aged 18 to 40, with an average age of 29, participated in the study, which ran from December 10, 2023, to March 2024. Blood samples were collected from the lesions of CL patients using capillary tubes, ensuring sufficient volume by using multiple tubes per sample. Patients were undergoing treatment with Pentostam as prescribed. The collected blood was transferred to tubes containing sodium chloride solution and stored at -20°C until DNA extraction. After storage, genomic DNA was successfully extracted from the samples. This DNA served as a template for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis, utilizing specific primers designed to amplify genes associated with virulence factors. Among the 10 samples, 7 tested positive for DNA extraction, while 3 were negative. Of the 7 positive samples, PCR electrophoresis indicated that 3 were positive for the GP63 gene and 4 were negative. Conversely, 4 samples were positive for the LPG2 gene, while 3 were negative. A control group was included to facilitate comparison during PCR electrophoresis for both genes. Analysis confirmed that Leishmania major is the sole causative agent of CL in Anbar.
Unsupervised dehazing of multi-scale residuals based on weighted contrast learning
Authors: Wang Jianing , zhang Yongsheng , Liu Zuoyang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

To solve the problem that existing dehazing algorithms have difficulty in capturing paired hazy and clear images in the real world, while unpaired real-world hazy and clear images are readily obtained. In this study, unpaired real-world hazy and clear images are used to realize unsupervised dehazing. Inspired by the Generative Adversarial Network framework, the generator network combines multi-scale dense blocks and attention mechanism and uses adaptive blending operation to speed up network training while ensuring effective delivery of image details. By incorporating contrast learning, a weighted contrastive loss function is introduced, which encourages the recovered image to be close to positive samples and away from negative samples in the embedding space. Meanwhile, multiple loss functions are combined to enhance the generalization ability of the generative adversarial network in order to train the network more effectively. The proposed algorithm is tested on an outdoor public dataset, and the experimental results show that the algorithm has better performance than existing unsupervised dehazing algorithms.
Academic collaboration on large language model studies increases overall but varies across disciplines
Authors: Li Lingyao , Dinh Ly , Hu Songhua , Hemphill Libby 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Interdisciplinary collaboration is crucial for addressing complex scientific challenges. Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have shown significant potential in benefiting researchers across various fields. To explore the application of LLMs in scientific disciplines and their implications for interdisciplinary collaboration, we collect and analyze 50,391 papers from OpenAlex, an open-source platform for scholarly metadata. We first employ Shannon entropy to assess the diversity of collaboration in terms of authors' institutions and departments. Our results reveal that most fields have exhibited varying degrees of increased entropy following the release of ChatGPT, with Computer Science displaying a consistent increase. Other fields such as Social Science, Decision Science, Psychology, Engineering, Health Professions, and Business, Management & Accounting have shown minor to significant increases in entropy in 2024 compared to 2023. Statistical testing further indicates that the entropy in Computer Science, Decision Science, and Engineering is significantly lower than that in health-related fields like Medicine and Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology. In addition, our network analysis based on authors' affiliation information highlights the prominence of Computer Science, Medicine, and other Computer Science-related departments in LLM research. Regarding authors' institutions, our analysis reveals that entities such as Stanford University, Harvard University, University College London, and Google are key players, either dominating centrality measures or playing crucial roles in connecting research networks. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the current landscape and evolving dynamics of collaboration networks in LLM research.
Immobilization of a Multi-Template Imprinted Polymer on Biochar for Sorption of Short- and Long-Chain Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS)
Authors: Ray Jessica , Steigerwald Jessica 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Increased detection of short-chain perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in environmental waters has revealed a need for selective sorbents capable of simultaneous removal of short- and long-chain PFAS. To address this need, a multi-PFAS imprinted polymer composite (mMIP) was synthesized on biochar (BC) substrates (so-called “BC@mMIP”). Use of multiple PFAS templates resulted in increased imprinting factor and PFAS removal compared to single-template MIPs. In ultrapure water containing 100 ng/L (each) of nine PFAS, the BC@mMIP removed three PFAS to below their EPA maximum contaminant level. Column testing in real wastewater effluent revealed competition between sulfate and PFAS for templated sorption sites. Thus, the BC@mMIP is recommended for use treating waters with low total dissolved solid levels, or in series with a pre-treatment process for optimal performance.
App use during the sleep period and next day activity
Authors: Lehmann Sune , Møllgaard Peter , Minor Kelton , Sapienza Anna , Moro Esteban 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Human performance during the day is highly sensitive to the sleep quality obtained on the prior night. Although uninterrupted sleep is widely recommended, many people now spend time on mobile phone apps during their sleep period. While scholars have recently investigated the influence of evening app use on sleep, the influence of smartphone app use after sleep onset on behavior the following day is not well understood. Here, we address this gap. Drawing on a global dataset from 120 countries comprising 41374 individuals and 11 million nightly observations collected by smartphones and wristbands from 2015-2018, we study the real-world relationships between app use during the sleep period and next day digital and physical behavior. We find that a large majority use mobile apps during the sleep period, over a quarter of adults regularly do so, and that the prevalence, rate, and duration are increasing on average, across sex and age groups, and in most global regions. Social media comprises about half of sessions while gaming occupies the most time. Even brief social media and gaming app usage during the sleep period is associated with abrupt within-individual increases in app use of the same category the following day and workday, along with reduced physical activity. Next day activity disruptions scale with longer usage, with social media use during the sleep period associated with larger reductions in physical activity than from gaming or video app use of equal dose. Our study suggests that smartphone app use after sleep onset precedes delayed behavioral changes in a dose response relationship, globally.
Conditions of access to maternity care for women with physical disabilities of the lower limbs in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Mbayi Yves Kadima , Bitadi Paulin Mutombo Wa 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Introduction
It has been clearly demonstrated that throughout the world, women with disabilities do not have easy access to health services in general or maternity services in particular. Although the DR Congo stresses the importance of universal health coverage, virtually no specific approach has been developed to enable women with motor disabilities to access maternity services. The aim of this study is to describe these women's experiences with maternity care in Kinshasa to gain a better understanding of the problem and propose transformative action.
Methods and results
This qualitative study aims to explore the representations of maternity care as perceived by women with motor disabilities. Their experiences and subjective perceptions were collected through semistructured interviews. The Attride-Stirling framework was used to analyze the data. Our results show that women living with motor disabilities have more difficulty accessing maternity care than women who are considered able to do so. They felt that the main reasons were the lack of physical accessibility of premises, technical and material aids, the lack of medical skills among health professionals and the financial barrier.
Conclusion
Maternity services must eliminate barriers to improve access for women with motor disabilities. This must be done in the context of the right to health and access to health cover for all.
Perceived Familial Gender Discrimination and Self-Efficacy: The Mediating Role of Gender Transcendence
Authors: Shergill Kanwal , Hooja Himangini Rathore 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

This study examines the relationship between perceived familial gender discrimination (PFGD), gender transcendence (GT), and self-efficacy (SE) among young women. A sample of 568 female university students participated in the study, and data were analysed using correlation, regression, and mediation analyses. Results revealed that PFGD negatively predicted SE, indicating that higher levels of perceived discrimination within families are associated with lower self-efficacy. GT partially mediated this relationship, suggesting that individuals who adopt more egalitarian gender attitudes can mitigate some of the negative impacts of PFGD on SE. The findings support the importance of fostering gender-transcendent attitudes to promote resilience against the detrimental effects of gender discrimination.
Impact of Globalization on the Economic Growth in Nigeria (1987-2021)
Authors: Adeoye Peter Ayodeji 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

This work examines the impact of globalization on the economic growth in Nigeria. Yearly data were used from 1987 to 2021. The Ordinary Least Squares technique of analysis (OLS) was used to analyze the data, and the yearly data were sourced from Word Development indicator (WDI) and Nigeria Bureau of Statistics. This research work considers the Gross Domestic Product of Nigeria as a measure of the economic growth and other variables like the Foreign Direct Investment, Import, Export, Trade Liberalization which is also used to measure globalization. Based on OLS approach, test was carried out on each dependent variable and the independent variable to check the long and short run regression findings for the coefficient of the lagged values of the dependent and independent variables. Some diagnostic test like the serial correlation test, heteroscedasticity test, and stability test were also carried out on the variables. From the results obtained, import of goods and trade liberalization was negatively and positively statistically significant respectively in explaining economic growth rate. Also FDI has a positive statistical relationship with the economic growth. It is therefore recommended that special attention should be given to export activities and foreign investment in Nigeria, such as increased budgetary allocation to encourage export in Nigeria and to ensure proper implementation of programs. Also, there should be effort of the government on reducing export duties so as to encourage citizens who are into exporting of goods and services, so as to inject more money into Nigerian economy.
Opcode Memory Analysis: A Data-Centric Machine Learning Framework for Early Detection and Attribution of Ransomware
Authors: Pesem Benjamin , Fairweather James , Pennington Thomas 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Ransomware has emerged as one of the most significant threats in the cybersecurity landscape, causing widespread disruption and financial loss across various sectors. To address the growing sophistication of ransomware attacks, a novel machine learning framework leveraging opcode memory analysis has been developed, enabling the early detection and accurate attribution of ransomware. Through the systematic examination of low-level operational instructions within system memory, the proposed model distinguishes itself from traditional approaches by providing a more intrinsic understanding of malware behavior, leading to enhanced detection accuracy and the ability to identify specific ransomware families. The model's architecture, which includes a dual-output mechanism for simultaneous detection and attribution, demonstrates significant scalability and applicability across diverse operational environments. Extensive experimental results indicate that this approach not only surpasses existing methods in terms of detection performance but also offers a robust solution for real-time ransomware threat mitigation. The findings demonstrate the potential of opcode analysis as a critical component in the development of next-generation cybersecurity defenses, contributing to more resilient and proactive protective measures against evolving ransomware threats.
Evaluation of the width of attached gingiva: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Huang Ziheng , Lin Yuanyou , Wen Shangyou , Yuan Xuechun , Long Hu , Lai Wenli 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Aims
To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies that evaluated the width of attached gingiva.
Methods
An electronic search was performed in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and CNKI with no language restrictions. Eligible study selection, data extraction, and evaluation of risk of bias were conducted by two authors independently and in duplicate. Any disagreement was solved by discussion or judged by a third reviewer.
Results
Six studies were finally included. Upper incisors and upper canines had pooled Means of 4.48 mm and 3.80 mm, while lower incisors and lower canines had pooled Means of 3.23 mm and 2.40 mm, respectively. Upper premolar and lower premolars had pooled Means of 3.13 mm and 2.16 mm, respectively. Upper molars had a pooled Mean of 3.38 mm, while lower molars had a pooled Mean of 2.40 mm.
Conclusion
The maxillary attached gingiva is always wider than the corresponding mandibular attached gingiva in the same region. In the four quadrants, the attached gingiva from wide to narrow are incisors, canines, molars, and premolars, respectively. Future studies are necessary to evaluate the width of attached gingiva among different gingival phenotypes and age groups.
Development of oxy-symplectites in a slow-spreading lower oceanic crust: Insights from the Atlantis Bank Gabbro Massif, Southwest Indian Ridge
Authors: Dhar Archisman , Ghosh Biswajit , Morishita Tomoaki , Chattopadhaya Soumi , Bandyopadhyay Debaditya , Rao N.V. Chalapathi , France Lydéric , Nguyen Du K. , Roy Sankhadeep , Koley Manojit 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Igneous microtextures are significant tracers of magmatic processes as these provide important information about magma evolution. Oxy-symplectite intergrowth of orthopyroxene (host) with Fe-Ti oxide (lamellae) is described from the Atlantis Bank, an Oceanic Core Complex (OCC) along the ultraslow spreading Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR). This texture is widespread in the oxide-rich lithologies recovered from the lower crustal section of the Atlantis Bank. There exists a long-standing debate on the magmatic vs. metamorphic origin of the oxy-symplectites. The symplectitic intergrowth is usually noted wherever the olivine grain is in intimate proximity to the magmatic magnetite and is developed at the expense of the olivine. Comparative oxybarometric results between the ilmenite-magnetite pairs close to the symplectites and those away from the symplectites reveal relatively higher fO2 range for the former group. These observations along with phase equilibria modelling suggest that oxidation of olivine primocrysts may lead to the development of oxy-symplectite in the studied gabbros (sensu lato). Furthermore, the compositional variabilities between the symplectitic phases and the discrete magmatic phases away from the symplectite indicate that the origin of the oxy-symplectite took place under subsolidus condition. Additionally, phase equilibria modelling reveals that for the observed range of olivine compositions, higher oxidizing conditions are required for symplectite formation at higher temperatures. Synthesizing all the results, we suggest that the formation of the oxy-symplectite in this lower crustal section is a subsolidus process, where the oxide phases (especially magnetite) aided the oxidation of olivine.
Enhancing Tribological Characteristics of Titanium Grade-5 Alloy
through HVOF Thermal-Sprayed WC-Co Nano Coatings by TOPSIS and
Golden Jack Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Thirumalvalavan S. , Perumal G. , Senthilkumar N. , Selvarasu S. 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Thermal spray coatings have emerged as a pivotal technology in materials
engineering, primarily for augmenting the characteristics related to wear and tribology of metallic
substrates.

Method:
This study aims to develop into applying High-Velocity Oxygen Fuel (HVOF) thermalsprayed
WC-Co nanocoatings on Titanium Grade-5 alloy (Ti64). The coating process, utilizing
nano-sized WC-Co powder, undergoes systematic optimization of HVOF parameters, encompassing
the flow rate of carrier gas, powder feed rate, and nozzle distance. Experimental assessments via
Pin-on-Disc (PoD) tests encompass Loss of Wear (WL), Friction Coefficient (CoF), and Frictional
Force (FF). Later, an exhaustive optimization of responses is conducted using the Technique for
Order Preference by Similarity to the Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method and the golden jack optimization
algorithm (GJOA)

Results:
Outcomes show a substantial increase in WL, CoF, and FF with a rise in the carrier gas and
powder feed rate. However, with increasing spraying distance of powder, the WL, CoF, and FF tend
to lower due to higher bonding, which leads to increased wear resistance. The ideal parametric settings
achieved from TOPSIS and GJOA are 245 mm of spray distance, 30 gpm rate of powder feed,
and 11 lpm of carrier gas flow rate. The powder feed rate contributes 88.99% to the control action,
as seen from ANOVA.

Conclusion:
The confirmation experiment presents that the WL, CoF, and FF output responses are
42.33, 27.97, and 9.38% less than the mean of experimental data. These results highlight the HVOF
process in spraying WC-Co nanocoatings to fortify the durability and performance of Ti64 alloy
that can be patented for diverse engineering applications.
The Antifungal Effects of Tea Tree Oil as a Potential Therapeutic Candidate for Candida-related Infections in Albino Rats
Authors: Abo Baker Sally H. , Moawad Amira A. R. 
Published: August 2024

Background
Fungal infection is an irritating problem because of the limited number of antifungal drugs and their adverse reactions. Moreover, in the past few years, the resistance of Candida to the existing antifungals has been observed.

Methods
The study sample consisted of 60 male albino rats. Group I received a physiological solution. Group II was subjected to systemic antibiotic treatment 1 week before the application of Candida infused on the tongue dorsum. Group III was subjected to systemic antibiotics, as was group II, for 3 consecutive days, and tea tree oil was applied throughout the experimental period. Ten rats from each group were sacrificed at five and seven weeks and tongue specimens were dissected and prepared for histological and transmission electron microscopic examination.

Results
Histological and TEM results in group II after five and seven weeks revealed marked degenerative changes in the dorsal surface of the rat tongue. Nonetheless, in group III, obvious regeneration of epithelial tongue tissue appeared after seven weeks of treatment with oil.

Conclusion
Tree oil showed antifungal properties against Candida infection, which was confirmed by ultrastructural examination.
The Antibacterial Activity of Bajakah Tampala Extracts (Spatholobus littoralis Hassk.) Mouthwash Formulation Inhibited Dental Plaque against Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Rikhaturhohmah  , Rospadila Dwi Adrila  , Widiya Dwi Handayani  , Rasyani  , Ananda Alifvia Suprapto  , Nofran Putra Pratama  , Mitsalina Fildzah Arifah  
Published: August 2024

Dental plaque is the main cause of dental caries caused by Streptococcus mutans, with a high prevalence in Indonesia. Currently, the mouthwash market contains high levels of alcohol, which can cause long-term side effects. Tampala bajakah root (Spatholobus littoralis) is used in traditional medicine for the Dayak community in Central Kalimantan. Bajakah Tampala root has antibacterial activity produced by flavonoids and phenolic compounds. The development of herbal cosmetics can be achieved by Bajakah Tampala mouthwash formulations to prevent dental plaque caused by Streptococcus mutans infection.
In this study, ultrasound-assisted extraction (UBT) and infusion (IBT) derived the active compounds of Bajakah Tampala root extract. The various concentrations of UBT (20–80%) and IBT (10%) were evaluated for antibacterial activity using the disk diffusion method. The results showed that positive control and 80% UBT have antibacterial activity higher than other extracts, with an inhibition zone of 14,01±2,70 mm. Based on these results, an effective mouthwash dosage formulation can be developed at 80% UBT. The formulation evaluation of mouthwash assessed viscosity, homogeneity, pH, and organoleptic test. The UBT mouthwash product has qualified formulation evaluation parameters. This research contributed to the innovation of herbal cosmetics by developing the potential of Indonesian medicinal plants.
Keywords: Bajakah Tampala, Antibacterial activity, Mouthwash, Herbal cosmetic, Streptococcus mutans.
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