bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Class of Exact Solution of (3+1)-Dimensional Generalized Shallow Water Equation System
Authors: Liu Jian-Guo , Zeng Zhi-Fang , He Yan , Ai Guo-Ping 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Shallow water wave equation has increasing use in many applications for its success in eliminating spurious oscillation, and has been widely studied. In this paper, we investigate (3+1)-dimensional generalized shallow water equation system. Based on the

(

G
′

/

G
)

$(G'/G)$

-expansion method and the variable separation method, we choose

ξ
(
x
,
y
,
z
,
t
)
=
f
(
y
+
c
z
)
+
a
x
+
h
(
t
)

$\xi (x,y,z,t) = f(y + cz) + ax + h(t)$

and suppose that

a
i

(
i
=
1
,
2
,
…
,
m
)

${a_i}(i = 1,2, \ldots,m)$

is an undetermined function about

x
,
y
,
z
,
t

$x,y,z,t$

instead of a constant in eq. (3), which are different from those in previous literatures. With the aid of symbolic computation, we obtain a family of exact solutions of the (3+1)-dimensional generalized shallow water equation system in forms of the hyperbolic functions and the trigonometric functions. When the parameters take special values, in addition to traveling wave solutions, we also get the nontraveling wave solutions by using our method; these obtained solutions possess abundant structures. The figures corresponding to these solutions are illustrated to show the particular localized excitations and the interactions between two solitary waves. The

(

G
′

/

G
)

$(G'/G)$

-expansion method is a very general and powerful tool that will lead to further insights and improvements of the nonlinear models.
A middle school instructional unit for size and scale contextualized in nanotechnology
Authors: Delgado Cesar , Stevens Shawn Y. , Shin Namsoo , Krajcik Joseph 
Published: December 2014

AbstractSize and scale is a “big idea” in nanoscale science and engineering and is poorly understood by secondary students. This paper describes the design process, implementation, and evaluation of a 12-h instructional unit for size and scale, in a summer science camp for middle school students from a low SES public school district. Instructional activities were designed following a construct-centered design approach and included the use of microscopes, custom-made computer simulations, and 2-D and 3-D scale models. The unit followed a project-based instructional approach and was contextualized with the driving question, “How can nanotechnology keep me from getting sick?” Pre- and post-intervention interviews revealed that students significantly increased their qualitative and quantitative knowledge of the size of objects including atom, viruses, and cells, with an effect size of 0.8 for an overall metric. The campers closed the gap with private middle school students and on some measures surpassed high school students from the same district. The principle of “broad spectrum” curriculum and instruction – activities that target specific advanced understandings but simultaneously scaffold or support the learning of more fundamental, prerequisite ideas – was inductively generated from an analysis of the learning activities.
Alles für die Katz’?
Authors: Hohneck Heimo 
Published: December 2014

Summary
The so-called cat’s coffin of prince Thutmose (Egyptian Museum Cairo, CG 5003), which was allegedly found during an excavation at Mit Rahina in 1892, is a curious monument. Whilst prince Thutmose is commonly regarded as a son of Amenhotep III, this coffin so far delivers the only known example for him as “eldest king’s son” and high priest of Ptah at Memphis. But, for several reasons, its authenticity seems to be very dubious.
A Numerical Study of the Flame Stabilization Mechanism Being Determined by Chemical Reaction Rates Submitted to Heat Transfer Processes
Authors: Kuenne Guido , Euler Matthias , Ketelheun Anja , Avdić Amer , Dreizler Andreas , Janicka Johannes 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Large Eddy Simulations of a turbulent lean premixed stratified burner
are conducted in order to determine the physical mechanisms that
dominate the flame stabilization close to burner walls. The purpose of
this work is both to provide insight into the underlying physics as
well as to check whether the deficiencies found in previous
simulations are related to an inappropriate heat transfer
treatment. The simulation utilizes a three-dimensional detailed
chemistry database in order to capture the chemical reaction rates
based on local mixing and thermal conditions. The study is
supplemented by very accurate wall temperature measurements to remove
the large uncertainty revealed in the past for this configuration. The
results obtained from the simulations are evaluated by means of
a qualitative illustration of the different flame stabilizations and
comparisons with experimental data.
Análisis de eficiencia relativa de hospitales públicos de Costa Rica
Authors: Morera-Salas Melvin 
Published: December 2014

El análisis de eficiencia relativa hospitalaria resulta un tema trascendental para la Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social, dado que le permite determinar cuáles de los hospitales presentan un mejor desempeño relativo y cuáles podrían mejorar el uso de los recursos. El objetivo es analizar la eficiencia técnica hospitalaria en Costa Rica. Se utilizaron datos del 2012-2013 para los hospitales generales de la Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social. Para determinar la eficiencia hospitalaria se utiliza el análisis envolvente de datos con dos insumos: gasto en hospitalización y las camas y tres productos: actividad hospitalaria ajustada por casuística, índice de funcionamiento e índice de mortalidad intrahospitalaria ajustada por riesgo. Los resultados muestran que el nivel de eficiencia varía sustancialmente entre los 23 hospitales analizados. En 2013, un 30% de los hospitales resultó ser eficiente técnicamente, situación que mejoró levente respecto a 2012. Este trabajo es una primera aproximación del análisis de eficiencia de los hospitales públicos de Costa Rica. Se realizó un esfuerzo para homogenizar los datos, al ajustar las variables para considerar la complejidad y el riesgo de los casos que maneja cada hospital, de tal forma que los resultados sean comparables entre centros de diferentes tamaño y complejidad. Como conclusión se tiene que el 70% de los hospitales puede mejorar el uso de los recursos.
Cyclic phosphatidic acid induces G0/G1 arrest, inhibits AKT phosphorylation, and downregulates cyclin D1 expression in colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Tsukahara Tamotsu , Haniu Hisao , Matsuda Yoshikazu 
Published: December 2014

AbstractLysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and its analogs are well-known mitogens for various cell types. Many reports have confirmed that several types of cancer cell produce LPA to promote survival, growth and tumorigenesis. This indicates that the interface between the LPA signaling pathway and the cell cycle signaling system is critical to the control of cancer cell proliferation. However, our previous study indicated that cyclic phosphatidic acid (cPA), which is structurally similar to LPA, inhibits the proliferation and migration of colon cancer cells. It has been reported that cPA shows several biological activities not shown by LPA. However, understanding of the detailed molecular and cellular mechanism underlying the regulation of the cell cycle by cPA is still in its infancy. In this study, we investigated the effect of cPA treatment on human DLD-1 colon cancer cells by analyzing cell cycle dynamics, gene expression, and AKT phosphorylation. Our findings indicate that cPA inhibits cell cycle progression in DLD-1 colon cancer cells via the downregulation of cyclin D1 and the inhibition of AKT phosphorylation.
Effectiveness of measuring the central field with the Berkeley field test
Authors: Mishra Sanjeeb K , Shrestha Gauri S , Korani Hiral 
Published: December 2014

Introduction: There are several limitations of the Amsler chart as a screening tool due to its low sensitivity and high false-negative results. The Berkeley central visual field test (BCFT), which is a simple power-point presentation of a 50-point scoring system for the central 10-degree of the visual field, was devised as an alternative to the Amsler chart.Objectives: To compare the efficacy of measuring the central visual field using the Berkeley central field test (BCFT) and the Amsler grid test.Materials and methods: In a comparative and validity study, 30 subjects with maculopathy and 35 controls were recruited. The maculopathy subjects with the best corrected visual acuity of 20/200 or better and 2.5M for distant and near vision respectively, were included. All the subjects under went a complete eye examination where visual assessment was done using the distant and near vision Log MAR Chart. The subjects were assessed with the Amsler chart-II at a distance of 30 cm. The BCFT was used as a 50- point scoring system. The effectiveness of BCFT was compared with that of the Amsler grid regarding the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV). Results: Out of 65 subjects, 30 subjects had maculopathy and 35 were normal. The mean age of the 65 subjects was 49.8±9.1 years. Of the 30 subjects with maculopathy, the majority (54%) had age- related macular degeneration. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of the Amsler grid test were found to be 80%, 100%, 100% and 87%, respectively, whereas those of the BCFT were 71%, 99%, 98% and 82% (p=0.37). Conclusion: The BCFT test was as good as the Amsler grid test at detecting the presence of maculopathy.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v6i2.11701Nepal J Ophthalmol 2014; 6 (12): 170-176
Orbital manifestations in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
Authors: Sodhi Punita Kumari 
Published: December 2014

Introduction: The orbital manifestations of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are uncommon.Objective: To provide a review of orbital manifestations of AIDS, the predisposing factors, investigations, treatment and outcome. Materials and methods: Meticulous and systematic literature search of Pubmed to identify manuscripts describing orbital manifestations of AIDS was done and the articles were reviewed. The keywords used in the search were “orbit and AIDS”, “HIV positive and orbit”, “orbit manifestations in AIDS”, “orbital disease and AIDS” and “orbital infections and AIDS”. The orbital involvement in AIDS may present with opportunistic infections from organisms like fungi, viruses, bacteria and protozoa or with malignancies like Kaposi’s sarcoma, squamous cell carcinoma, smooth muscle cell tumors and lymphoma. The predisposing factors for orbital involvement in AIDS are low CD4+ cell count and the immunosuppressive states like diabetes, diabetic ketoacidosis, intravenous drug abuse and neutropenia. A patient may present with fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, decreased vision, ocular pain, and, in cases of mass formation, there is periorbital swelling, axial proptosis, globe displacement and swollen optic disc. Radiologically, mass formation, orbital bony destruction, and spread of disease to contiguous structures including the central nervous system may be seen. The medical management includes therapy for infection and HIV-1 protease inhibitors (highly active antiretroviral therapy) to suppress HIV-1 replication. For tumors, radical surgery including debulking followed by postoperative radiotherapy is generally needed. Conclusion: Orbital involvements with AIDS in any form, infective or malignancy, causes significant morbidity and mortality and should be diagnosed and managed as early as possible.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v6i2.11710Nepal J Ophthalmol 2014; 6(12): 205-219
Bilateral central serous chorio-retinopathy in pregnancy presenting with severe visual loss
Authors: Chakraborti Chandana , Samanta Swapan Kumar , Faiduddin Khandakar , Choudhury Krittika Pal , Kumar Sheuli , Mondal Ramkrishna 
Published: December 2014

Introduction: Bilateral central serous chorio-retinopathy is an unusual presentation. Objective: To report a case of pregnancy-induced bilateral central serous chorio-retinopathy. Case: A thirty-year-old woman complaining of reduced vision in both the eyes was referred for ophthalmoscopic evaluation in her third trimester of pregnancy. The best-corrected visual acuity was 6/60 in the right eye and finger counting at four meters in the left. The funduscopic examination revealed serous macular detachment with white sub-retinal exudates in both the eyes. Optical coherence tomography sections through the macula demonstrated serous elevation of the retina and retinal pigment epithelial detachment in both the eyes. The serous macular detachment resolved and the patient recovered to the visual acuity of 6/6 in both the eyes after twelve weeks of delivery. The OCT showed resolution of the sub-retinal fluid and disappearance of the sub-macular exudate in the right eye, but the resolution was partial in the left eye.Conclusion: Pregnancy is a risk factor for CSCR and it can present with severe bilateral visual diminution.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v6i2.11711Nepal J Ophthalmol 2014; 6(12): 220-223
Sac over the sac - a rare case of subcutaneous dirofilariasis over the lacrimal sac area
Authors: Shankar Mahesh Kumar , Shet Satish , Gupta Piyush , Nadgir Shobha Druva 
Published: December 2014

Introduction: Dirofilariasis is a rare parasitic infestation in humans.Case: A 33-year-old female from the coastal area presented with a swelling over the right lacrimal sac area. It was clinically diagnosed as a lacrimal abscess and was incised under local anesthesia. A live coiled worm was found and removed along with the cyst. Observations: The worm looked like a thin white thread measuring 101 mm in length. On microscopic examination, the anterior end was slightly tapered and had a rounded head. The H & E stained section of the worm revealed longitudinal ridges with transverse striations on the cuticle. Based on these findings, the worm was identified as dirofilaria repens. Conclusion: Dirofilariasis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of orbital region swelling and conjunctivitis. Surgical removal of the worm not only establishes the diagnosis but also provides a definitive cure.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v6i2.11712Nepal J Ophthalmol 2014; 6 (12): 224-226
A case of frost branch angitis in pregnancy : an unusual presentation
Authors: Wadhwani Meenakshi , Gogia Varun , Kakkar Ashish , Satyapal Raji , Venkatesh Pradeep , Sharma Yograj 
Published: December 2014

Introduction: Frosted branch angiitis usually occurs in children and presents with severe sheathing of all retinal vessels mimicking the appearance of frosted branches of a tree. Objective: To report a case of frosted branch angiitis in a pregnant lady.Case: We, hereby, report a case of a 24-year-old pregnant female who presented to us with the complaints of sudden diminution of vision in the right eye for three days. Fundus examination revealed severe sheathing of all retinal vessels with neurosensory retinal detachment suggestive of frosted branch angiitis. The case was treated with posterior sub-tenon injection of triamcinolone. Conclusion: Similar to the good prognosis reported earlier in most patients with frosted branch angiitis, the outcome in our patient was satisfactory.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v6i2.11715Nepal J Ophthalmol 2014; 6 (12): 234-236
Editorial
Authors: Clarsen Georgine , Mom Gijs 
Published: December 2014

This is the twelfth issue of Transfers, and perhaps it is time to stop calling it a “new” journal! Our “baby” is growing up, thriving in an expanding landscape of interdisciplinary mobilities research. Transfers is maturing into a robust vehicle for global conversations.Our rather ambitious mission has been both conceptual and empirical: to “rethink mobilities” and provide publishing opportunities for innovative research. For us, that has been exemplified in our commitment in several areas. Most importantly, we fly the flag for the new theoretical approaches that continue to move the field beyond the social sciences, where the “new mobilities paradigm” was first articulated. We position ourselves as part of a vibrant intellectual project that bridges theoretical developments and research agendas in the humanities and the social sciences.
Antiretroviral Neuropenetration Scores Better Correlate with Cognitive Performance of HIV-Infected Patients after Accounting for drug Susceptibility
Authors: Fabbiani Massimiliano , Grima Pierfrancesco , Milanini Benedetta , Mondi Annalisa , Baldonero Eleonora , Ciccarelli Nicoletta , Cauda Roberto , Silveri Maria C , De Luca Andrea , Giambenedetto Simona Di 
Published: December 2014

Background The aim of the study was to explore how viral resistance and antiretroviral central nervous system (CNS) penetration could impact on cognitive performance of HIV-infected patients. Methods We performed a multicentre cross-sectional study enrolling HIV-infected patients undergoing neuropsychological testing, with a previous genotypic resistance test on plasma samples. CNS penetration-effectiveness (CPE) scores and genotypic susceptibility scores (GSS) were calculated for each regimen. A composite score (CPE-GSS) was then constructed. Factors associated with cognitive impairment were investigated by logistic regression analysis. Results A total of 215 patients were included. Mean CPE was 7.1 (95% CI 6.9, 7.3) with 206 (95.8%) patients showing a CPE≥6. GSS correction decreased the CPE value in 21.4% (mean 6.5, 95% CI 6.3, 6.7), 26.5% (mean 6.4, 95% CI 6.1, 6.6) and 24.2% (mean 6.4, 95% CI 6.2, 6.6) of subjects using ANRS, HIVDB and REGA rules, respectively. Overall, 66 (30.7%) patients were considered cognitively impaired. No significant association could be demonstrated between CPE and cognitive impairment. However, higher GSS-CPE was associated with a lower risk of cognitive impairment (CPE-GSSANRS odds ratio 0.75, P=0.022; CPE-GSSHIVDB odds ratio 0.77, P=0.038; CPE-GSSREGA odds ratio 0.78, P=0.038). Overall, a cutoff of CPE-GSS≥5 seemed the most discriminatory according to each different interpretation system. Conclusions GSS-corrected CPE score showed a better correlation with neurocognitive performance than the standard CPE score. These results suggest that antiretroviral drug susceptibility, besides drug CNS penetration, can play a role in the control of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders.
Solvatochromic Parameters of the Binary Mixtures of Imidazolium Chloride Ionic Liquid Plus Molecular Solvent
Authors: Hu Jingyi , Zhu Wei , Yang Qiwei , Qian Guoping , Xing Huabin 
Published: December 2014

Imidazolium-based chloride ionic liquids (ILs) have exhibited remarkable performance in several important applications such as biomass dissolution and extraction, but their large viscosity is a non-negligible problem. Adding molecular co-solvents into chloride ILs is effective in reducing viscosity; nevertheless, understanding of the accompanied change of thermodynamic polarity is quite few. Therefore, in this work we reported three Kamlet-Taft solvatochromic parameters, including dipolarity/polarizability π*), hydrogen-bond acidity (α) and hydrogen-bond basicity (β), for the binary mixtures of several imidazolium-based chloride ILs plus either dipolar protic solvents (water and methanol) or dipolar aprotic solvents (dimethyl sulfoxide, N,N-dimethylformamide and acetonitrile). The results demonstrated that those parameters could be altered by the structure of IL and type of co-solvent owing to the solute-solvent and solvent-solvent interactions. The structure of alkyl chain of cation had considerable impact on the π* variation of IL aqueous solution against IL concentration but hardly affected other mixtures. Moreover, remarkable preferential solvation of probes was observed for β and α in the mixtures of IL and dipolar aprotic co-solvents, whereas the hydrogen-bond interactions between IL and dipolar protic co-solvent enabled the preferential solvation to be alleviated and resulted in more linear variation of β and α against the molar fraction of IL. The results not only contribute to a better understanding of the effect of co-solvent on imidazolium-based chloride ILs, but also are instructive for improving the thermodynamic performance of IL-based applications via providing IL+co-solvent mixtures with desirable physicochemical properties.
Oceanic influence on the Baiu frontal zone in the East China Sea
Authors: Kunoki Shiori , Manda Atsuyoshi , Kodama Yasu‐Masa , Iizuka Satoshi , Sato Kazutoshi , Fathrio Ibnu , Mitsui Taku , Seko Hiromu , Moteki Qoosaku , Minobe Shoshiro , Tachibana Yoshihiro 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA high‐resolution transect of atmospheric soundings across the Kuroshio Current in the East China Sea was conducted onboard a ship in June 2012 with the objective of analyzing the influence of the complex sea surface temperature (SST) distribution on the Baiu frontal zone (BFZ). Expendable bathythermograph castings and continuous surface meteorological observations were also examined. Two distinct mesoscale atmospheric fronts, characterized by changes of wind direction in the lower troposphere and surface air temperature, were found in the BFZ. One (northern) atmospheric front was observed around the SST front in relation to a warm water tongue extending from the Kuroshio. A high SST region around the northern atmospheric front enhances unstable near surface stratification and intensifies turbulent heat flux. They help modify the marine atmospheric boundary layer in the BFZ. The other (southern) atmospheric front was at the southern end of the BFZ. Intense evaporation over the Kuroshio and moisture transport by southerly winds were important in forming the conditionally unstable air masses in the lower troposphere of the BFZ.
Telemedicine‐guided remote enrollment of patients into an acute stroke trial
Authors: Wu Tzu‐Ching , Sarraj Amrou , Jacobs Amber , Shen Loren , Indupuru Hari , Biscamp Donna , Ho Victor , Ankrom Christy , Grotta James C. , Savitz Sean I. , Barreto Andrew D. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackground and PurposeEnrollment into acute stroke clinical trials is limited to experienced tertiary centers with emergency research infrastructure. Feasibility of remote enrollment via telemedicine into an acute thrombolytic clinical trial has never been demonstrated.MethodsUsing telemedicine, our hub stroke research center partnered with two spoke community hospitals to jointly participate in a randomized, phase III adjunctive thrombolysis clinical trial in the first 3 h after symptom onset to expand recruitment of the trial. Eligible patients were successfully identified, consented, randomized, and received therapy/placebo at the spoke hospitals under real‐time direction by hub trialists via telemedicine.ResultsTen patients were identified from May 2013 to July 2014, and six were enrolled via telemedicine. No study procedure delays, safety events, or major protocol violations occurred.ConclusionsIt is feasible to randomize and enroll stroke patients via remote telemedicine into an acute thrombolytic clinical trial. This novel approach could expand access and accelerate completion of clinical trials if widely implemented.
Catalyst‐Free Chemoselective Reduction of Nitroarenes Using Thiourea as a Hydrogen Source
Authors: Lv Mei‐fang , Lu Guo‐ping , Cai Chun 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA newly developed protocol for the reduction of nitroarenes using thiourea as the hydrogen source is described. The method is simple, inexpensive and easily applicable to the preparation of a variety of substituted anilines with high yields and selectivity. In contrast to traditional hydrogenation methods, this chemistry does not require a catalyst, elaborated work‐up procedures, or the use of high‐pressure equipment.