bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of the Number of Supporting Implants on Mandibular Photoelastic Models with Different Implant‐Retained Overdenture Designs
Authors: Celik Gozde , Uludag Bulent 
Published: January 2014

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of the number of supporting implants and different retentive mechanisms on load transfer characteristics of mandibular overdentures.Materials and MethodsTwo photoelastic models of edentulous mandibles were fabricated having two and four cylindrical implants (Calcitek, 4 × 13 mm) embedded in the parasymphyseal area. Four attachment systems were evaluated: single anchor attachment (ERA), bar‐clip, bar with distally placed ball attachments, and bar with distally placed extracoronal rigid attachments (Easy Slot). A 133 N vertical force was applied unilaterally to the central fossa of the right first molar. The resulting stresses of the models were observed and recorded photographically in the field of a circular polariscope.ResultsThe highest stresses were observed with the bar with distally placed extracoronal rigid attachment (Easy Slot) design, followed by bar‐ball, bar, and the single anchor attachment (ERA) for both models. The lowest stress was observed with the single anchor attachment (ERA) design for both models. There were slight differences in stress values around implants in both models.ConclusionsFor all tested attachments on both models, the stress was concentrated on the ipsilateral implant. The bar‐clip system allowed the distribution of load to all supporting implants in both models. Although the highest stress level observed with all attachment systems was moderate, the bar‐Easy Slot attachment showed the highest stresses. The lowest stress was observed with the single anchor attachment (ERA) design for both models. Varying the number of implants had no significant effect on stress values around supporting implants.
Comparison of Systemic Health Conditions between African American and Caucasian Complete Denture Patients
Authors: Szylkowska Ewelina , Kaste Linda M. , Schreiner Joseph , Gordon Sara C. , Lee Damian J. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractPurposeTo compare prevalence of systemic health conditions (SHC) between African American and Caucasian edentulous patients presenting for complete dentures (CD) at an urban dental school.MethodsThe study included patients presenting for CD 1/1‐12/31/2010, ages 20 to 64 years, and either African American or Caucasian. Covariates included: age group, gender, employment status, Medicaid status, smoking history, and alcohol consumption. SHC included at least one of the following: arthritis, asthma, cancer, diabetes, emphysema, heart attack, heart murmur, heart surgery, hypertension, or stroke.ResultsThe group (n = 88) was 44.3% African American, 65.9% ≥50, 45.5% male, 22.7% employed, and 67.0% with at least one SHC. African Americans were older (p = 0.001) and more likely to have one or more SHC (p = 0.011). Patients with at least one SHC were older (p = 0.018) and more likely female (p = 0.012). The total sample logistic regression model assessing SHC yielded only gender as statistically significant (males < OR 0.32, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.92). Caucasian males were less likely to have SHC (OR 0.17, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.77), and Caucasians ≥50 were more likely (OR 5.36, 95% CI 1.19 to 24.08). African Americans yielded no significant associations.ConclusionsAmong selected completely edentulous denture patients at an urban dental school, two out of three patients had at least one SHC. This exploratory study suggests there may be health status differences between African American and Caucasian patients in this setting, calling for further study.
Assessment of Clinical and Laboratory Variables as a Guide to Packed Red Blood Cell Transfusion of Euvolemic Anemic Dogs
Authors: Kisielewicz C. , Self I. , Bell R. 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundThere are no standardized guidelines for determining the likelihood that euvolemic anemic dogs will benefit from transfusion of packed red blood cells (pRBC).ObjectivesTo report clinical and laboratory variables of dogs receivingpRBCtransfusion, which could guide transfusion of other anemic dogs.AnimalsTwenty‐four client‐owned anemic dogs receivingpRBCtransfusion.MethodsProspective study; 30 transfusions assessed. Clinical findings (mucosal color, pulse quality, heart rate, respiratory rate, mentation/exercise tolerance) before and after transfusion were evaluated by the anemic dog clinical assessment score (ADCAS). Hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, venous oxygen content (CvO2), and lactate concentration were measured from blood samples taken before and after transfusion. These results were not used for case management.ResultsAll ADCAS variables decreased significantly with transfusion (P < .001); the total score was ≥5/12 before transfusion, and ≤3/12 in all cases that were deemed to no longer require transfusion. Hematocrit and CvO2were <17% and <5 mL/dL, respectively, in 83% of cases before transfusion and hemoglobin concentration was <5.8 g/dL in 80%. Hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, and CvO2increased significantly with transfusion (P < .001); lactate concentration decreased significantly (P = .006).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceClinical and laboratory variables improved significantly after transfusion ofpRBC. By identifying how transfusion affected these variables, it was possible to recognize clinical (ADCAS) and laboratory (hemoglobin, CvO2, lactate) variables, which could be useful in guiding the decision to transfuse dogs with similar presentations.
Plasma and Urine Neutrophil Gelatinase–Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) in Dogs with Acute Kidney Injury or Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Steinbach S. , Weis J. , Schweighauser A. , Francey T. , Neiger R. 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundNeutrophil gelatinase–associated lipocalin (NGAL) is a protein that is used in human medicine as a real‐time indicator of acute kidney injury (AKI).HypothesisDogs with AKI have significantly higher plasma NGAL concentration and urine NGAL‐to‐creatinine ratio (UNCR) compared with healthy dogs and dogs with chronic kidney disease (CKD).Animals18 healthy control dogs, 17 dogs with CKD, and 48 dogs with AKI.MethodsOver a period of 1 year, all dogs with renal azotemia were prospectively included. Urine and plasma samples were collected during the first 24 hours after presentation or after development of renal azotemia. Plasma and urine NGAL concentrations were measured with a commercially available canine NGAL Elisa Kit (Bioporto® Diagnostic) and UNCR was calculated. A single‐injection plasma inulin clearance was performed in the healthy dogs.ResultsMedian (range) NGAL plasma concentration in healthy dogs, dogs with CKD, and AKI were 10.7 ng/mL (2.5–21.2), 22.0 ng/mL (7.7–62.3), and 48.3 ng/mL (5.7–469.0), respectively. UNCR was 2 × 10−8 (0–46), 1,424 × 10−8 (385–18,347), and 2,366 × 10−8 (36–994,669), respectively. Dogs with renal azotemia had significantly higher NGAL concentrations and UNCR than did healthy dogs (P < .0001 for both). Plasma NGAL concentration was significantly higher in dogs with AKI compared with dogs with CKD (P = .027).Conclusions and Clinical ImportancePlasma NGAL could be helpful to differentiate AKI from CKD in dogs with renal azotemia.
Longitudinal Prevalence of Hypertension, Proteinuria, and Retinopathy in Dogs with Spontaneous Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Herring I.P. , Panciera D.L. , Werre S.R. 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundThe prevalence and progression of vascular complications of spontaneous diabetes mellitus (DM) in dogs have not been described.ObjectivesTo investigate the effects of duration of disease, as estimated by time sinceDMdiagnosis, and glycemic control on prevalence of systemic hypertension, proteinuria, and diabetic retinopathy in dogs with spontaneousDM.AnimalsSeventeen client‐owned dogs with spontaneousDM.MethodsProspective, longitudinal observational study. Dogs withDMof less than 1 year's duration were recruited and evaluated once every 6 months for 24 months. Recorded measures included indirectBP, urine albumin, protein and creatinine concentrations, serial blood glucose and serum fructosamine concentrations, ophthalmic examination, and a standardized behavioral questionnaire.ResultsEleven dogs completed the 2‐year follow‐up period, during which the highest recorded prevalence of systolic and diastolic hypertension was 55 and 64%, respectively. Prevalence of microalbuminuria and elevated urine protein:creatinine ratio (UPC) ranged up to 73 and 55%, respectively. Prevalence of retinopathy ranged up to 20%. No significant effect of time sinceDMdiagnosis or glycemic control was detected for any of the measures examined. Additionally, no significant associations betweenBP, urine albumin concentration,UPCand retinopathy were detected.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceWith the exception of proteinuria, which was substantial in some cases, clinically deleterious diabetic vascular complications were not identified in dogs in this study.
Serologic and Urinary PCR Survey of Leptospirosis in Healthy Cats and in Cats with Kidney Disease
Authors: Rodriguez J. , Blais M.‐C. , Lapointe C. , Arsenault J. , Carioto L. , Harel J. 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundAlthough there is serologic evidence of exposure of cats to Leptospira spp., clinical disease is rarely reported in cats.ObjectiveTo compare the seropositivity and urinary polymerase chain reaction (PCR) status for Leptospira spp. between healthy (H) cats and cats with kidney disease (KD), to investigate the serovars potentially involved, and to evaluate potential risk factors.AnimalsTwo hundred and forty client‐owned cats.MethodsCats were prospectively recruited and classified based on physical examination, complete blood count, serum biochemistry profile, and urinalysis (125 H and 115 KD cats). Leptospira spp. serology (titers ≥1 : 100 considered positive) and urinary PCR were performed in all cats. Data assessing risk factors, obtained from a questionnaire, were evaluated using logistic regression models.ResultsSeropositivity for Leptospira spp. was statistically different between groups: 7.2% (9/125) and 14.9% (17/114) in the H and KD, respectively (P = .05). The proportion of PCR‐positive cats was not. The most common serovars detected serologically were Pomona (n = 16) and Bratislava (n = 8). Risk factors for seropositivity included outdoor and hunting lifestyles (P = .03 and P < .001, respectively), the presence of another cat in the household (P < .01), and the sampling period, with the greatest number of cases identified between June and August (P =.02).ConclusionsSeropositivity was significantly greater in KD cats, suggesting that the role of Leptospira spp. in KD in cats should be further investigated. The detection of urinary shedding of leptospires in several cats identifies a potential role in the transmission of the organism.
Cloning, recombinant expression and inhibitor profiles of dihydrofolate reductase from the Australian sheep blow fly, Lucilia cuprina
Authors: KOTZE A. C. , BAGNALL N. H. , RUFFELL A. P. , PEARSON R. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWhile dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) is an important drug target in mammals, bacteria and protozoa, no inhibitors of this enzyme have been developed as commercial insecticides. We therefore examined the potential of this enzyme as a drug target in an important ectoparasite of livestock, the Australian sheep blow fly, Lucilia cuprina (Diptera: Calliphoridae) (Wiedemann). The non‐specific DHFR inhibitors aminopterin and methotrexate significantly inhibited the growth of L. cuprina larvae, with IC50 values at µg levels. Trimethoprim and pyrimethamine were 5–30‐fold less active. Relative IC50 values for the inhibition of recombinant L. cuprina DHFR by various inhibitors were in accordance with their relative effects on larval growth. The active‐site amino acid residues of L. cuprina DHFR differed by between 34% and 50% when compared with two mammalian species, as well as two bacteria and two protozoa. There were significant charge and size differences in specific residues between the blow fly and human DHFR enzymes, notably the L. cuprina Asn21, Lys31 and Lys63 residues. This study provides bioassay evidence to highlight the potential of blow fly DHFR as an insecticide target, and describes differences in active site residues between blow flies and other organisms which could be exploited in the design of blow fly control chemicals.
Differential gene expression in multiple neurological, inflammatory and connective tissue pathways in a spontaneous model of human small vessel stroke
Authors: Bailey Emma L. , McBride Martin W. , Beattie Wendy , McClure John D. , Graham Delyth , Dominiczak Anna F. , Sudlow Cathie L.M. , Smith Colin , Wardlaw Joanna M. 
Published: January 2014

AimsCerebral small vessel disease (SVD) causes a fifth of all strokes plus diffuse brain damage leading to cognitive decline, physical disabilities and dementia. The aetiology and pathogenesis of SVD are unknown, but largely attributed to hypertension or microatheroma.MethodsWe used the spontaneously hypertensive stroke‐prone rat (SHRSP), the closest spontaneous experimental model of human SVD, and age‐matched control rats kept under identical, non‐salt‐loaded conditions, to perform a blinded analysis of mRNA microarray, qRT‐PCR and pathway analysis in two brain regions (frontal and mid‐coronal) commonly affected by SVD in the SHRSP at age five, 16 and 21 weeks.ResultsWe found gene expression abnormalities, with fold changes ranging from 2.5 to 59 for the 10 most differentially expressed genes, related to endothelial tight junctions (reduced), nitric oxide bioavailability (reduced), myelination (impaired), glial and microglial activity (increased), matrix proteins (impaired), vascular reactivity (impaired) and albumin (reduced), consistent with protein expression defects in the same rats. All were present at age 5 weeks thus predating blood pressure elevation. ‘Neurological’ and ‘inflammatory’ pathways were more affected than ‘vascular’ functional pathways.ConclusionsThis set of defects, although individually modest, when acting in combination could explain the SHRSP's susceptibility to microvascular and brain injury, compared with control rats. Similar combined, individually modest, but multiple neurovascular unit defects, could explain susceptibility to spontaneous human SVD.
Rebalancing binocular vision in amblyopia
Authors: Ding Jian , Levi Dennis M 
Published: January 2014

AbstractPurposeHumans with amblyopia have an asymmetry in binocular vision: neural signals from the amblyopic eye are suppressed in the cortex by the fellow eye. The purpose of this study was to develop new models and methods for rebalancing this asymmetric binocular vision by manipulating the contrast and luminance in the two eyes.MethodsWe measured the perceived phase of a cyclopean sinewave by asking normal and amblyopic observers to indicate the apparent location (phase) of the dark trough in the horizontal cyclopean sine wave relative to a black horizontal reference line, and used the same stimuli to measure perceived contrast by matching the binocular combined contrast to a standard contrast presented to one eye. We varied both the relative contrast and luminance of the two eyes' inputs, in order to rebalance the asymmetric binocular vision.ResultsAmblyopic binocular vision becomes more and more asymmetric the higher the stimulus contrast or spatial frequency. Reanalysing our previous data, we found that, at a given spatial frequency, the binocular asymmetry could be described by a log‐linear formula with two parameters, one for the maximum asymmetry and one for the rate at which the binocular system becomes asymmetric as the contrast increases. Our new data demonstrates that reducing the dominant eye's mean luminance reduces its suppression of the non‐dominant eye, and therefore rebalances the asymmetric binocular vision.ConclusionsWhile the binocular asymmetry in amblyopic vision can be rebalanced by manipulating the relative contrast or luminance of the two eyes at a given spatial frequency and contrast, it is very difficult or even impossible to rebalance the asymmetry for all visual conditions. Nonetheless, wearing a neutral density filter before the dominant eye (or increasing the mean luminance in the non‐dominant eye) may be more beneficial than the traditional method of patching the dominant eye for treating amblyopia.
Safety and efficacy of olanzapine in the long‐term treatment of Japanese patients with bipolar I disorder, depression: An integrated analysis
Authors: Katagiri Hideaki , Tohen Mauricio , McDonnell David P. , Fujikoshi Shinji , Case Michael , Kanba Shigenobu , Takahashi Michihiro , Gomez Juan‐Carlos 
Published: January 2014

AimSafety and efficacy of long‐term olanzapine treatment in Japanese patients with bipolar depression were assessed.MethodsAn integrated analysis of data from two studies was performed in olanzapine‐treated patients (n = 165) with bipolar depression. Study 1 was a 6‐week, double‐blind, global study. Patients were randomly assigned to olanzapine or placebo followed by 18 weeks of open‐label treatment. Study 2 was an open‐label extension of Study 1 involving only Japanese patients. Patients assigned to Pre‐olanzapine and Pre‐placebo in Study 1 were treated for 24 weeks (total olanzapine exposure 42 or 48 weeks) and newly recruited patients (New‐olanzapine) were treated for 48 weeks. Safety outcomes included treatment‐emergent adverse events and changes in metabolic parameters. Efficacy outcome was assessed with Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale score.ResultsForty‐three percent of patients completed the 42‐ or 48‐week olanzapine treatment period. The most common treatment‐emergent adverse event was weight increased (47.9%). Significant increases were seen in weight (3.5 kg), and in fasting glucose (3.5 mg/dL), fasting total cholesterol (8.1 mg/dL), and fasting triglycerides (35.1 mg/dL). Remission rates (Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale total score ≤12 at any time) were 79.8% for the Pre‐olanzapine group, 90.2% for the Pre‐placebo group, and 85.0% for the New‐olanzapine group. No patents developed mania during treatment.ConclusionsLong‐term use of olanzapine in a Japanese population with bipolar depression is associated with increases in weight and fasting metabolic measures, and also with improved depressive symptoms with avoidance of mania. Clinicians must carefully consider the benefits and risks of long‐term therapy with olanzapine.
Epidemiological study of self‐reported sleep problems in Turkish high school adolescents
Authors: Kilincaslan Ayse , Yilmaz Kutluhan , Batmaz Oflaz Serap , Aydin Neriman 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the present study was to investigate the frequency and correlates of a variety of sleep problems in adolescents.MethodsA representative school‐based sample of 3485 8th–12th graders was selected according to the cluster sampling technique. A sleep questionnaire and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire were completed by the students along with their parents. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the independent variables of insomnia, parasomnia and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS).ResultsInitiation insomnia, maintenance insomnia, non‐restorative sleep (NRS) and EDS were described by 12.4%, 10.7%, 9% and 9.7%, respectively. At least one parasomnia with a frequency above the median was reported by 23.4% (nightmare, 12.8%; sleep terror, 3.6%; sleepwalking, 2.5%; bruxism, 2.5%; and sleep talking, 10.9%). Insomnias and parasomnias were highly associated with each other. Female gender was related to maintenance insomnia, NRS and night terror. Emotional problems correlated with initiation insomnia, maintenance insomnia, NRS, EDS, nightmares and bruxism; hyperactivity/inattention with initiation insomnia, NRS and sleep talking. Conduct problems were associated with NRS, whereas poor school performance was associated with initiation insomnia.ConclusionSelf‐reported sleep problems were prevalent and highly associated with each other and behavioral and emotional difficulties in Turkish adolescents.
New Robust Variable Selection Methods for Linear Regression Models
Authors: Chen Ziqi , Tang Man‐Lai , Gao Wei , Shi Ning‐Zhong 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTMotivated by an entropy inequality, we propose for the first time a penalized profile likelihood method for simultaneously selecting significant variables and estimating unknown coefficients in multiple linear regression models in this article. The new method is robust to outliers or errors with heavy tails and works well even for error with infinite variance. Our proposed approach outperforms the adaptive lasso in both theory and practice. It is observed from the simulation studies that (i) the new approach possesses higher probability of correctly selecting the exact model than the least absolute deviation lasso and the adaptively penalized composite quantile regression approach and (ii) exact model selection via our proposed approach is robust regardless of the error distribution. An application to a real dataset is also provided.
Construction of a Spatial Housing Price Index by Estimating an Almost Ideal Demand System
Authors: Iturra Víctor , Paredes Dusan 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to build, for the first time, a spatial housing price index for the Chilean communities. The first step is to recover hedonic prices of three housing attributes by estimating a mixed index model using a generalised method of moments (GMM) procedure. Second, a censored almost ideal demand system is estimated to build expenditures for every community and to compare them among different spatial units, while maintaining a constant utility level. Using micro data from the 2009CASENsurvey, we show that there are important differences in the expenditure of a consumer in Santiago to access the same level of welfare in another community in the country and there are important differences in housing prices among Chilean communities
Predicting blood loss and transfusion requirement in patients undergoing surgery for musculoskeletal tumors
Authors: Thompson Philip A. , May Deborah , Choong Peter F. , Tacey Mark , Liew Danny , Cole‐Sinclair Merrole F. 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundFew studies have systematically identified factors associated with blood loss in musculoskeletal tumor surgery. We aimed to identify risk factors for requiring large‐volume transfusion in musculoskeletal tumor surgery and created an interactive model to predict red blood cell transfusion requirements based on patient characteristics. These data will facilitate planning in hospital blood banks and aid identification of specific groups for future interventions targeted at reducing blood utilization. Only one similar study has been published and there are minimal data surrounding interventions designed to minimize blood loss in musculoskeletal tumor surgery.Study Design and MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed a database containing 1322 consecutive surgeries, performed at a quaternary referral center in Melbourne, Australia. Using logistic regression analysis and a negative truncated binomial logistic regression model, we developed prediction models for transfusion requirement.ResultsThe following factors were associated with large‐volume transfusion: malignant tumors, bone tumors, sacral and pelvic tumors, high American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, and tumor size of more than 5 cm. High ASA score was also strongly associated with 30‐day mortality.ConclusionsPreoperative planning in high‐risk patients is critical to ensure adequate blood product supply, minimize wastage, and optimize the patient's general health before surgery. These patients would be ideal targets for future randomized studies aimed at reducing blood utilization.