bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of size and fragmentation of the anteroinferior glenoid rim on clinical and functional outcomes of non-operatively treated Bony Bankart lesions in middle-aged population
Authors: Secci Gregorio , Lazzarini Francesco , Distefano Marco , Porciatti Tommaso , Tonelli Filippo , Mugnaini Marco , Zanna Luigi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Introduction
The optimal treatment approach for Bony Bankart remains a subject of considerable debate among shoulder surgeons. Existing literature highlights low recurrence rates and high patient satisfaction with nonoperative treatment, particularly in the middle-aged population. This study aimed to evaluate the recurrence rate of dislocation, as well as the clinical and functional outcomes in middle-aged individuals treated nonoperatively following an acute bony Bankart fracture. Additionally, the impact of glenoid rim size and fragmentation on the treatment outcome was investigated.

Material and methods
A prospective analysis was conducted on 20 patients aged over 50 with nonoperatively treated bony Bankart fractures, ensuring a minimum follow-up of 24 months. The study population was categorized based on fragment size (small and medium) according to Kim classification and glenoid rim fragmentation (type 1b and 1c) according to Scheibel classification. Data including UCLA score, Rowe score, recurrence rate, clinical instability, and range of motion (ROM) were collected and analyzed.

Results
The average UCLA and Rowe scores were 32.15 ± 2.85 and 93.85 ± 2.19, respectively, with no instances of dislocation recurrence. The affected shoulder exhibited no significant reductions in ROM compared to the contralateral side, except for a loss of external rotation (ER) (13.08° ± 7.51; p = 0.005). No differences were observed based on fragment size, although patients with multifragmented glenoid rims showed a greater loss of ER compared to those with a solitary fragment, albeit not reaching statistical significance.

Conclusion
Nonoperative treatment appears to be a viable and effective option for middle-aged individuals with bony Bankart fractures, resulting in favorable functional outcomes and a low risk of recurrence. Additionally, a notable loss of external rotation was observed in fractures with glenoid rim fragmentation.

Level of evidence
IV.
Prognostic nutritional index (PNI) correlates with survival in head and neck cancer patients more precisely than other nutritional markers – real world data
Authors: Uri Imre , Horváth Angéla , Tamás László , Polony Gábor , Dános Kornél 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The survival benefit with higher body mass index (BMI) of patients suffering from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is documented as BMI paradox. As the early re-nourishment of high-risk patients determine survival, we searched for a nutritional status marker suitable for everyday screening. Grouping patients based on the 8th Edition of TNM Classification, we investigated for the first time the candidate nutritional status markers among TNM8 subgroups, including the newly introduced p16 positive oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer (OPSCC) patients.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study enrolling 661 patients and collecting anthropometric indices, laboratory parameters, clinical scores, nutritional risk scores. To discover the best one for screening survival analyses and correlation tests were executed.

Results
By performing univariate Cox regression, we found three nutritional markers significantly correlating with overall survival (OS) and cancer specific survival (CSS): BMI at diagnosis, percent of weight loss over six months and prognostic nutritional index (PNI). The latter proved to be independent of tumor stage. p16 negative OPSCC patient’s OS and CSS did not correlate with BMI, but it did correlate with PNI and percent of weight loss. BMI was the only marker correlating with OS, only in stage 4 hypopharyngeal cancer patients. All three markers significantly correlated with survival among p16 positive oropharyngeal and glottic cancer patients.

Conclusion
We found BMI, percent of weight loss and PNI good candidate markers for malnutrition. PNI proved to be superior in every aspect, enabling the treating physicians to discover high-risk patients in need of aggressive re-nourishment. The survival of supraglottic laryngeal squamous cancer patients seemed to be independent of these nutritional status markers, which observation should be a subject of further investigations.
Reliability, validity and normative data of the timed water swallow test accompanied by sEMG
Authors: Selen Akıl Dilan , Bengisu Serkan , Sezer Eyüp , Krespi Yakup , Topbaş Saime Seyhun 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Swallowing disorders are highly interrelated with increased morbidity and mortality rates; therefore, early detection is crucial. Most screening tools rely on subjective observation, thus making objective assessment tools more vital. Timed Water Swallowing Test (TWST) is a screening tool used in the field providing quantitative data. This study aimed to investigate the swallowing parameters in a wide age range by using TWST and to expand the already existing normative data pool accordingly. It is also aimed to examine the reliability of the TWST and assess its validity in stroke survivors.

Materials and methods
This study had a cross-sectional design. TWST carried out simultaneously along with surface EMG and laryngeal sensor on 196 healthy subjects aged 10 to 80 for normative data. Also, TWST carried out 30 patients having a history of recent stroke. Test-retest and inter-rater scoring analysis were used for reliability purposes, while Gugging Swallowing Screen (GUSS) test was used for validity purposes. Additionally, the correlations between the participants’ TWST scores and GUSS scores were examined using the Spearman correlation coefficient.

Results
The normative TWST data of healthy participants are tabulated and presented and their average swallowing capacity was found 13.73 ml/s. Furthermore, the mean swallowing capacity of stroke survivors was found 4.61 ml/s. As a result of validity analyses, a statistically strong and significant relationship was found between GUSS and TWST parameters (r = 0.775, p < 0.001). Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and correlation values were found between moderate to good agreement between test-retest measurement (ICC = 0.563 to 0.891, p < 0.05). Also, the agreement between the raters was found to be significant (ICC = 0.949 to 0.995, p < 0.05).

Conclusion
TWST is a valid and reliable screening tool to evaluate dysphagia on given population. Although the test’s performance on healthy individuals is adequate, more research is still needed to confirm that it can be used as a screening tool for stroke.
Distribution of angle alpha and angle kappa offsets among adult candidates for cataract surgery
Authors: Neuman Gil , Abulafia Adi , Wasser Lauren , Zadok David 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Purpose
The current study aimed to describe the distribution of angle alpha and angle kappa offsets as well as their associated ocular biometric parameters in a large population of candidates for cataract surgery.

Methods
This cross-sectional retrospective study included 8,119 eyes of 4,781 candidates for cataract surgery (mean age 70.7 ± 12.9 years). There were 49.9% right eyes, and 53.0% patients were females. The angles offset and ocular biometric parameters were measured by the IOLMaster 700 (Carl Zeiss Meditec, AG, Germany).

Results
Patient’s age and gender, and most of their ocular biometric measurements were similar for the right and left eyes except for pupil diameter (4.01 ± 1.18 vs. 3.92 ± 1.14 mm, respectively, P < 0.001). The angle alpha offset magnitude was similar for the right and left eyes (0.50 ± 0.20 and 0.51 ± 0.21 mm, P = 0.08), whereas the angle kappa offset magnitude was greater in the right eyes (0.37 ± 0.21 vs. 0.33 ± 0.20 mm, P < 0.001). The angle kappa offset magnitudes were greater in the right eyes compared to the left eyes for both males (0.36 ± 0.21 vs. 0.33 ± 0.21 mm, respectively, P < 0.001) and females (0.37 ± 0.20 vs. 0.34 ± 0.20 mm, respectively, P < 0.001). The offset magnitudes of both angles varied significantly according to gender, eye laterality, angle location, and biometric parameters (e.g., axial length). The offset magnitudes of both angles were positively correlated in both right and left eyes.

Conclusions
The offset magnitudes of both the angle alpha and angle kappa present significant variations according to gender, eye laterality, angle location, and biometric parameters, such as AL. These values are also population-specific.
The future of general practice and family medicine in Austria
Authors: Rabady Susanne 
Published: August 2024

Summary
General practice/family medicine has recently been recognized as a medical discipline in Austria. This paper is a short report on the prevailing understanding of its goals and subjects, comparing the Austrian perception with international definitions. It comments on shortcomings and introduces an outline for the development of a revised professional theory.
At present, there is no clear uniform image of the discipline, neither among the general public, nor among physicians, healthcare professionals or decision makers. The reason for this lies in the historical development which, with the triumph of specialization, has led to a loss of importance for generalist medicine. Now it is the fragmentation that extensive specialization entails that gives a new meaning to generalist, contextual and patient-centered medicine.
This change needs to be analyzed and understood. A description of the responsibilities, tasks and very specific methods unique to the discipline will be developed, which should enable the sensible, contemporary use of general practice/family medicine for the benefit of patients and the healthcare system.
Recognizing salat activity using deep learning models via smartwatch sensors
Authors: Vurgun Yasin , Kiran Mustafa Servet 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this study, we focus on human activity recognition, particularly aiming to distinguish the activity of praying (salat) from other daily activities. To achieve this goal, we have created a new dataset named HAR-P (Human activity recognition for Praying), which includes eight different activities: walking, running, sitting, standing, walking upstairs, walking downstairs, typing with a keyboard, and praying (salat). The HAR-P dataset was collected from 50 male individuals, who wore smartwatches on their dominant wrists. We compare the activity classification performance using three state-of-the-art algorithms from the literature: Long Short-Term Memory, Convolutional Long Short-Term Memory, and Convolutional Neural Network—Long Short-Term Memory. To assess the influence of sensors, data from accelerometer, gyroscope, linear acceleration sensor, and magnetic field sensor were utilized. The impact of individual sensor data as well as combinations thereof was investigated. The highest classification accuracy within single sensor groups, reaching 95.7%, was achieved using the accelerometer data with the Convolutional Long Short-Term Memory method. Combining two sensor groups resulted in an increase in accuracy of up to 9%. The highest accuracy of 96.4% was obtained by utilizing three sensor groups together with the Convolutional Neural Network—Long Short-Term Memory method. Furthermore, the evaluation of sensor and model performance was conducted using the stratified k-fold cross-validation method with 5-folds. These findings contribute significantly to evaluating the performance of sensor combinations and different algorithms in activity classification. This study may provide an effective foundation for the automatic recognition and tracking of human activities and offer an applicable model, particularly for the recognition of religious practices such as praying.
Early mitigation of CPU-optimized ransomware using monitoring encryption instructions
Authors: Enomoto Shuhei , Kuzuno Hiroki , Yamada Hiroshi , Shiraishi Yoshiaki , Morii Masakatu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRansomware attacks pose a significant threat to information systems. Server hosts, including cloud infrastructure as a service, are prime targets for ransomware developers. To address this, security mechanisms, such as antivirus software, have proven effective. Moreover, research on ransomware detection advocates for behavior-based finding mechanisms while ransomware is in operation. In response to evolving detections, ransomware developers are now adapting an optimized design tailored for CPU architecture (CPU-optimized ransomware). This variant can rapidly encrypt files, potentially evading detection by traditional antivirus methods that rely on fixed time intervals for file scans. In ransomware detection research, numerous files can be encrypted by CPU-optimized ransomware until malicious activity is detected. This study proposes an early mitigation mechanism named CryptoSniffer, which is designed specifically to counter CPU-optimized ransomware attacks on server hosts. CryptoSniffer focuses on the misuse of CPU architecture-specific encryption instructions for swift file encryption by CPU-optimized ransomware. This can be achieved by capturing the ciphertext in user processes and thwarting file encryption by scrutinizing the content intended for writing. To demonstrate the efficacy of CryptoSniffer, the mechanism was implemented in the latest Linux kernel, and its security and performance were systematically evaluated. The experimental results demonstrate that CryptoSniffer successfully prevents real-world CPU-optimized ransomware, and the performance overhead is well-suited for practical applications.
Convergence of Numerical Methods for the Navier–Stokes–Fourier System Driven by Uncertain Initial/Boundary Data
Authors: Feireisl Eduard , Lukáčová-Medvid’ová Mária , She Bangwei , Yuan Yuhuan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe consider the Navier–Stokes–Fourier system governing the motion of a general compressible, heat conducting, Newtonian fluid driven by random initial/boundary data. Convergence of the stochastic collocation and Monte Carlo numerical methods is shown under the hypothesis that approximate solutions are bounded in probability. Abstract results are illustrated by numerical experiments for the Rayleigh–Bénard convection problem.
Maintenance therapy for cytogenetically high-risk multiple myeloma: landscape in the era of novel drugs
Authors: Gu Xinyuan , Tang Wenjiao , Zhang Li , Zheng Yuhuan , Pan Ling , Niu Ting 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAlthough the significant strides in novel therapeutic approaches have prolonged the survival of multiple myeloma (MM) patients, the unfavorable prognosis of cytogenetically high-risk newly diagnosed MM (NDMM) remains intractable with the lack of consensus regarding the choice of maintenance regimens. Therefore, this study was initiated with the aim of examining the effectiveness of various maintenance treatments for this group of patients in jeopardy. Overall, 17 studies with 1937 high-risk NDMM patients were included in the network meta-analysis. Combination therapies involving novel drugs presented encouraging prospects in the maintenance phase, while the patients and circumstances for the application of different regimens still needed to be further distinguished and clarified. To investigate the current status of maintenance therapy of high-risk NDMM patients in clinical practice, a real-world cohort of high-risk NDMM was retrospectively incorporated 80 patients with lenalidomide maintenance and 53 patients with bortezomib maintenance, presenting the median PFS of 31.7 months and 30.4 months, respectively (p = 0.874, HR = 0.966, 95% CI: 0.628–1.486). Collectively, this study illuminated the present constraints of conventional approaches during the maintenance phase for high-risk NDMM patients while highlighting the future potential associated with enhanced regimens integrating novel medications.
Angiogenesis in breast cancer: insights and innovations
Authors: Elayat Ghada , Selim Abdel 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis review explores the pivotal role of angiogenesis in breast cancer progression and treatment. It covers biomarkers, imaging techniques, therapeutic approaches, resistance mechanisms, and clinical implications. Key topics include Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors, angiopoietins, microRNA signatures, and circulating endothelial cells as biomarkers, along with Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Computed Tomography Angiography, Ultrasound, and Positron Emission Tomography for imaging. Therapeutic strategies targeting VEGF, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and the intersection of angiogenesis with immunotherapy are discussed. Challenges such as resistance mechanisms and personalized medicine approaches are addressed. Clinical implications, prognostic value, and the future direction of angiogenesis-targeted therapies are highlighted. The article concludes with reflections on the transformative potential of understanding angiogenesis.
Fast bias-corrected conductivity mapping using stimulated echoes
Authors: Iyyakkunnel Santhosh , Weigel Matthias , Bieri Oliver 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Objective
To demonstrate the potential of a double angle stimulated echo (DA-STE) method for fast and accurate “full” homogeneous Helmholtz-based electrical properties tomography using a simultaneous $${B}_{1}^{+}$$

B

1

+

magnitude and transceive phase measurement.

Methods
The combination of a spin and stimulated echo can be used to yield an estimate of both $${B}_{1}^{+}$$

B

1

+

magnitude and transceive phase and thus provides the means for “full" EPT reconstruction. An interleaved 2D acquisition scheme is used for rapid acquisition. The method was validated in a saline phantom and compared to a double angle method based on two single gradient echo acquisitions (GRE-DAM). The method was evaluated in the brain of a healthy volunteer.

Results
The $${B}_{1}^{+}$$

B

1

+

magnitude obtained with DA-STE showed excellent agreement with the GRE-DAM method. Conductivity values based on the “full” EPT reconstruction also agreed well with the expectations in the saline phantom. In the brain, the method delivered conductivity values close to literature values.

Discussion
The method allows the use of the “full” Helmholtz-based EPT reconstruction without the need for additional measurements. As a result, quantitative conductivity values are improved compared to phase-based EPT reconstructions. DA-STE is a fast complex-$${B}_{1}^{+}$$

B

1

+

mapping technique that could render EPT clinically relevant at 3 T.
Scale-up of Global Child and Youth Mental Health Services: A Scoping Review
Authors: Walker Sarah Cusworth , Wissow Lawrence , Gubner Noah R. , Ngo Sally , Szatmari Peter , Servili Chiara 
Published: August 2024

AbstractNumerous influential policy and scientific bodies are calling for more rapid advances in the scale-up of child and youth mental health services (CYMHS). A number of CYMHS innovations hold promise for advancing scale-up but little is known about how real-world efforts are progressing. We conducted a scoping review to identify promising approaches to CYMHS scale-up across the globe. Searches were completed in six databases (Academic Search Complete, CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsychInfo, PubMed, and Web of Science). Article selection and synthesis were conducted in accordance to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist. A second search focused on low-and-middle-income countries (LMIC) was conducted based on the Cochrane Library recommended search filters of the World Bank listed LMIC countries. Authors used a double coding strategy during the title/abstract and full-text review. Twenty-eight articles meeting the eligibility criteria were identified that described 22 initiatives (in 11 different countries). Our review found the majority of published scale-up studies in CYMHS were not informed by scale-up frameworks in design or reporting. The methods and outcomes used in the identified articles were highly variable and limited our ability to draw conclusions about comparative effectiveness although promising approaches emerged. Successes and failures identified in our review largely reflect consensus in the broader literature regarding the need for strategies to better navigate the complexities of system and policy implementation while ensuring CYMHS interventions fit local contexts.
Do Sex and Gender Have Separate Identities?
Authors: Quintana Gonzalo R. , Pfaus James G. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe largely binary nature of biological sex and its conflation with the socially constructed concept of gender has created much strife in the last few years. The notion of gender identity and its differences and similarities with sex have fostered much scientific and legal confusion and disagreement. Settling the debate can have significant repercussions for science, medicine, legislation, and people’s lives. The present review addresses this debate though different levels of analysis (i.e., genetic, anatomical, physiological, behavioral, and sociocultural), and their implications and interactions. We propose a rationale where both perspectives coexist, where diversity is the default, establishing a delimitation to the conflation between sex and gender, while acknowledging their interaction. Whereas sex in humans and other mammals is a biological reality that is largely binary and based on genes, chromosomes, anatomy, and physiology, gender is a sociocultural construct that is often, but not always, concordant with a person’ sex, and can span a multitude of expressions.
Linda’s Cars versus Dominik’s Dolls: How Do Pedagogical Educators in Training React to Children’s Violations of Gender Stereotypes?
Authors: Streck Hannah , Kessels Ursula 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe gender stereotypes adults hold can influence whether they approve or disapprove of behavior shown by children, depending on whether this behavior is in line with stereotypes. Adults report negative evaluations toward children whose behavior does not adhere to gender stereotypes, particularly toward feminine boys. Whether pedagogical educators in training show negative reactions toward children who violate gender stereotypes has not been examined. We investigate this question by firstly assessing what gender stereotypes adults hold about children in Germany. In Study 1, we assessed descriptive, prescriptive, and proscriptive gender stereotypes identified by adults for children in German society. Stereotypes gathered from this first study were used to construct four vignettes of stereotypical and nonstereotypical boys and girls in order to examine how pedagogical educators in training (N = 414) evaluated these children in Study 2. We investigated ratings of one of these vignettes (2 × 2 between-participants design) regarding liking, perceived competence, creativity, self-esteem, prosocial behavior, as well as internalizing and externalizing problems. A series of ANOVAs revealed that girls displaying masculine behavior received advantageous ratings on competence, creativity, and self-esteem, while boys showing femininity were perceived as the most prosocial. More than gender nonconformity, masculinity and femininity strongly related to externalizing and internalizing problems, respectively. We review how our results in Germany differ from the literature originating in the USA, as we did not find backlash for feminine boys. Possible bias against femininity and toward masculinity within society and cultural and sampling factors is discussed.