bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extraordinary diversity of visual opsin genes in dragonflies
Authors: Futahashi Ryo , Kawahara-Miki Ryouka , Kinoshita Michiyo , Yoshitake Kazutoshi , Yajima Shunsuke , Arikawa Kentaro , Fukatsu Takema 
Published: February 2015

Significance
Human color vision is tri-chromatic, with three opsins expressed in cone photoreceptors that are sensitive in the red, green, and blue region of the spectrum. As theories predict, such tri- or tetra-chromacy with three or four opsin genes is common among mammals, birds, and other animals, including insects. However, we discovered that dragonflies possess as many as 15–33 opsin genes that have evolved through dynamic gene multiplications and losses within the lineage of dragonflies. These opsin genes are differentially expressed between adult and larva, as well as between dorsal and ventral regions of adult compound eyes, which plausibly underpin the versatile behavioral and ecological adaptations of actively flying adults to aerial lifestyle and sedentary larvae to aquatic lifestyle.
Rational design of a split-Cas9 enzyme complex
Authors: Wright Addison V. , Sternberg Samuel H. , Taylor David W. , Staahl Brett T. , Bardales Jorge A. , Kornfeld Jack E. , Doudna Jennifer A. 
Published: February 2015

Significance
Bacteria have evolved clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs) together with CRISPR-associated (Cas) proteins to defend themselves against viral infection. RNAs derived from the CRISPR locus assemble with Cas proteins into programmable DNA-targeting complexes that destroy DNA molecules complementary to the guide RNA. In type II CRISPR-Cas systems, the Cas9 protein binds and cleaves target DNA sequences at sites complementary to a 20-nt guide RNA sequence. This activity has been harnessed for a wide range of genome-engineering applications. This study explores the structural features that enable Cas9 to bind and cleave target DNAs, and the results suggest a way of regulating Cas9 by physical separation of the catalytic domains from the rest of the protein scaffold.
Conserving Pacific Lamprey through Collaborative Efforts
Authors: Wang Christina , Schaller Howard 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Pacific Lamprey (Entosphenus tridentatus) have been an important part of the ecological community and co-evolved with aquatic species of the western rivers of the United States. Scarce information on Pacific Lamprey has hindered conservation and management efforts. To assess and conserve Pacific Lamprey, we developed a conservation initiative composed of three parts: assessment, conservation agreement, and regional implementation plans. We applied a novel ranking system that characterized risk to Pacific Lamprey throughout the U.S. range. We found that the majority of watersheds are at relatively high risk of extirpation, with few secure. The risk assessment results were instrumental in gaining partners’ support for a conservation agreement, with the goal of achieving long-term persistence and supporting traditional tribal cultural use of Pacific Lamprey. This extensive support has led to a collaborative effort in developing implementation plans and delivering numerous conservation actions. This approach for assessing Pacific Lamprey status and identifying restoration priorities is easily transferrable to other species.
La lamprea del Pacífico (Entosphenus tridentatus) ha sido parte esencial de la comunidad ecológica y ha co-evolucionado con especies acuáticas de los ríos del oeste de los EE.UU. La falta de información sobre la lamprea del Pacífico ha entorpecido los esfuerzos de manejo y conservación. Con el fin de evaluar y conservar la lamprea del Pacífico, se desarrolló una iniciativa de conservación que se compone de tres partes: evaluación, acuerdos de conservación y planes regionales de implementación. Se aplica un sistema nuevo de ordenación que caracteriza el riesgo de la lamprea del Pacífico a lo largo de los EE.UU. Se encontró que, con algunas excepciones, en la mayor parte de las cuencas hidrológicas, la especie está en riesgo de extirpación. Los resultados de la evaluación del riesgo fueron esenciales para adquirir el apoyo de los participantes en los acuerdos de conservación, con el objetivo de lograr la persistencia de largo plazo y apoyo del uso cultural de la lamprea del Pacífico. Este amplio apoyo ha dado como resultado un esfuerzo de colaboración para desarrollar planes de implementación y la puesta en práctica de numerosas acciones de conservación. Este enfoque para evaluar el estado de la lamprea del Pacífico y para identificar prioridades de restauración se puede transferir fácilmente a otras especies.
A Multivariate Assessment of Factors Influencing Survival of Red Drum in Earthen Outdoor Rearing Ponds
Authors: Cason Paul D , Anderson Joel D 
Published: February 2015

Abstract.
Extensive culture of larval Red Drum Sciaenops ocellatus in outdoor ponds occasionally results in low survival, thereby stifling stock enhancement goals. Mortality is probably tied to multiple environmental influences rather than to any singular factor. We assessed factors influencing Red Drum mortality and survival in the context of an extensive aquaculture operation in Texas. Larvae were stocked into 120 rearing ponds of various sizes in the spring, summer, and fall of 2012 and 2013. Water quality variables (temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and pH) were assessed throughout culture. A principal components analysis of water quality, pond size, stocking density, and zooplankton density (number of organisms/L) was used to determine how each variable related to survival (measured as a ratio of the total number of Red Drum harvested to the total number of Red Drum stocked). Temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and pH all loaded significantly onto the first ordination axis, suggesting correlations among water quality variables. Survival loaded significantly on the second and third ordination axes and was positively associated with larger ponds, lower stocking density, higher zooplankton density, and lower pH. Stepwise regression of observed variables in ponds pooled by year suggested that pH and stocking density were important in both 2012 (r2 = 0.452) and 2013 (r2 = 0.305, P &lt; 0.05). These data indicate that ponds with moderate densities of Red Drum larvae will have a higher probability of survival than ponds with high larval densities; the results also confirm previous findings that pH is a significant mortality factor in extensive aquaculture of Red Drum.
Controlled release and synergistic effects of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) on phosphate corrosion inhibitor at the interface of thermal insulation and carbon steel
Authors: Lian Zhouyang , Yuan Lirui , Wei Wuji , Zhou Qing , Jiang Juncheng 
Published: February 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to study the controlled release and synergistic effect of water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) on phosphate corrosion inhibitor at the interface of thermal insulation cotton/carbon steel.

Design/methodology/approach
– This study was carried out using a coating method, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy and AC impedance.

Findings
– The single-phase phosphate particles were coated/adsorbed on the PVA film, which was formed on the fiber surface of corrosion inhibitor/PVA-impregnated rock wool sample. On the surface of Q235 steel, an effective protective film was formed by the corrosion inhibitor with partially dissolved PVA that can significantly increase the polarization resistance of corrosion reaction, and reduce the capacitive reactance of electric double layer. The rock wool impregnated with the phosphate corrosion inhibitor and 1.5 per cent PVA showed obvious controlled release and inhibition synergism.

Originality/value
– The rock wool impregnated with the phosphate corrosion inhibitor and 1.5 per cent PVA showed the following advantages: the adsorption and release quantities of the corrosion inhibitor increased by 3.3 and 2.9 times, respectively; the release-adsorption equilibrium time increased from 2 to 6 h; and the corrosion inhibition efficiency increased from 61.55 per cent to 94.6 per cent.
Characterization of NiBP-graphite composite coatings deposited by dynamic chemical plating
Authors: Omidvar Hamid , Sajjadnejad Mohammad , Stremsdoerfer Guy , Meas Yunny , Mozafari Ali 
Published: February 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to coat ternary composite NiBP-graphite films by Dynamic Chemical Plating “DCP” technique with a growth rate of at least 5 μm/h, which makes this technique a worthy candidate for production of composite films. Electroless nickel plating method can be used to deposit nickel–phosphorous and nickel–boron coatings on metals or plastic surface. However, restrictions such as toxicity, short lifetime of the plating-bath and limited plating rate have limited applications of conventional electroless processes.

Design/methodology/approach
– DCP is an alternative for producing metallic deposits on non-conductive materials and can be considered as a modified electroless coating process. Using a double-nozzle gun, two different solutions containing the precursors are sprayed simultaneously and separately onto the surface. With this technique, NiBP-graphite films are fabricated and their corrosion and tribological properties are investigated.

Findings
– With a film thickness of 2 μm, tribological analysis confirms that these coatings have favorable anti-friction and anti-wear properties. Corrosion resistance of NiBP-graphite composite films was investigated, and it was found that graphite incorporation significantly enhances corrosion resistance of NiBP films.

Originality/value
– DCP is faster and simpler to perform compared to other electroless deposition techniques. Using a double-nozzle gun, metal salt solution and reducing agents are sprayed to the surface, forming a deposit. Previously, coatings such as Cu, Cu-graphite, Cu-PTFE, Ni-B-TiO2, Ni-P, Ni-B-P and Ni-B-Zn with favorable compactness and adherence by DCP were reported. In this paper, the authors report the application of the DCP technique for depositing NiBP-PTFE nanocomposite films.
Apparel distribution with uncertain try-on time by evolutionary algorithm
Authors: Hu Zhi-Hua , Wei Chen , Yu Xiao-Kun 
Published: February 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to study the problem of a routing problem with uncertain try-on service time (VRPUS) for apparel distribution, and to devise solution strategies coping with the uncertainty by an evolutionary algorithm. VRPUS belongs to the category of practical routing models integrated with uncertain service times. However, in the background of apparel distribution, it has distinct features. The try-on service will improve the customer satisfaction by providing experiences to customers; the return cost is saved; the customer loyalty is improved for experiencing face-to-face try-on services. However, the uncertainty of try-on service time makes the apparel distribution process uncertain and incurs additional risk management cost, such that the logistics companies should optimally make decisions on the choice of the service and the service processes.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper devised a mixed-integer programming (MIP) model for the base vehicle routing problem (VRP) and then it is extended to support the solution strategies for uncertain try-on times. A try-on time estimation parameter and a time reservation parameter are used to cope with the uncertain try-on time, and the try-on rejection strategy is applied when the uncertain try-on time is realized at customer and no surplus time can be used for try-on service besides distributing to remainder customers. Due to the computational complexity of VRPUS, an evolutionary algorithm is designed for solving it. These parameters and strategy options are designed for the operational decisions by logistics companies. Finally, a decision support system (DSS) is designed.

Findings
– Five experimental scenarios are performed to reveal the impacts of parameters and solution strategies coping with uncertain try-on time on the distribution cost, return cost, and the try-on service failure. The tuning methods are designed to assist the decisions by logistics companies.

Originality/value
– A new routing problem is addressed for apparel distribution in fashion industry especially in the context of booming apparel e-commerce, which is a VRP with uncertain try-on service time for apparel distribution; three strategies are developed to cope with the try-on time uncertainty. The proposed method is also a theoretical base for designing a practical DSS for logistics companies to provide try-on service to customers.
CFD based study of thermal sensation of occupants using thermophysiological model. Part II
Authors: Angelova Radostina A. , Pichurov George , Simova Iskra , Stankov Peter , Rodrigo Iosu 
Published: February 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of the paper is to simulate the effect of clothing insulation and activity on the interaction between the human body and the environment.

Design/methodology/approach
– A thermo-physiological model, integrated into a Fluent CFD software package is applied. The temperature of the skin surface, clothing surface and heat flux (dry and total heat flux) through layers of clothing with different insulation level are numerically investigated in function of the clothing insulation and the different activities performed indoors.

Findings
– The increase of the clothing insulation leads to increase of both skin and clothing temperature. Higher temperature difference ΔT between the room temperature and skin temperature provokes more dynamic change of the skin temperature and decreases the thermal comfort of the person. The increase of the metabolic rate, however, leads to more uniform skin temperature, regardless the temperature difference ΔT. With the increase of the clothing insulation for a constant metabolic rate the total heat flux remains constant, but the dry heat flux decreases, while the evaporative heat flux increases.

Originality/value
– The joint influence of clothing insulation and indoor activities on the thermal interaction between the body and the environment is assesses using a thermo-physiological model, integrated in a CFD software package.
Dietary Protein Derived from Dried Bonito Fish Improves Type‐2 Diabetes Mellitus‐Induced Bone Frailty in Goto‐Kakizaki Rats
Authors: Ochiai Masaru , Kuroda Takashi , Gohtani Shoichi , Matsuo Tatsuhiro 
Published: February 2015

AbstractType‐2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) induces bone frailty. Protein and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) contained in fish can be effective in enhancing bone quality, but the bone developing effect of fish protein containing less PUFA has not been evaluated in young animals with T2DM. We prepared a bonito fish (BF) and defatted BF (DBF) and hypothesized that protein contained in BF and DBF would be effective for mitigating the effects of T2DM‐induced bone frailty. We mainly evaluated the effect of dietary BF and DBF on bone and apparent calcium absorption in young Goto‐Kakizaki (GK) rats with T2DM. GK rats were divided into 3 groups based on diets (casein, BF, and DBF) and fed with each diet for 6 wk. Wistar rats were fed with the casein diet as a non‐T2DM control. Bone mass, bone strength, apparent calcium absorption, and serum biochemical parameters were determined. The dry weight and strength of the femurs were lower in the GK rats than in the Wistar rats fed with the casein diet. Dietary intake of the BF and DBF diets enhanced the maximum load and dry weight of the femurs and suppressed the serum alkaline phosphatase activity although the apparent calcium absorption was lower in the GK rats fed with the BF and DBF diets than in those fed with the casein diet. These parameters were not different between the rats fed with the BF and DBF diets. Our data suggest that protein contained in the BF and DBF diets improved T2DM‐induced bone frailty.
Dynamic variation of the microbial community structure during the long‐time mono‐fermentation of maize and sugar beet silage
Authors: Klang Johanna , Theuerl Susanne , Szewzyk Ulrich , Huth Markus , Tölle Rainer , Klocke Michael 
Published: February 2015

SummaryThis study investigated the development of the microbial community during a long‐term (337 days) anaerobic digestion of maize and sugar beet silage, two feedstocks that significantly differ in their chemical composition. For the characterization of the microbial dynamics, the community profiling method terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP) in combination with a cloning‐sequencing approach was applied.Our results revealed a specific adaptation of the microbial community to the supplied feedstocks. Based on the high amount of complex compounds, the anaerobic conversion rate of maize silage was slightly lower compared with the sugar beet silage. It was demonstrated that members from the phylum Bacteroidetes are mainly involved in the degradation of low molecular weight substances such as sugar, ethanol and acetate, the main compounds of the sugar beet silage. It was further shown that species of the genus Methanosaeta are highly sensitive against sudden stress situations such as a strong decrease in the ammonium nitrogen (NH4+‐N) concentration or a drop of the pH value. In both cases, a functional compensation by members of the genera Methanoculleus and/or Methanosarcina was detected. However, the overall biomass conversion of both feedstocks proceeded efficiently as a steady state between acid production and consumption was recorded, which further resulted in an equal biogas yield.
In vitro caloric restriction induces protective genes and functional rejuvenation in senescent SAMP8 astrocytes
Authors: García‐Matas Silvia , Paul Rajib K. , Molina‐Martínez Patricia , Palacios Hector , Gutierrez Vincent M. , Corpas Rubén , Pallas Mercè , Cristòfol Rosa , de Cabo Rafael , Sanfeliu Coral 
Published: February 2015

SummaryAstrocytes are key cells in brain aging, helping neurons to undertake healthy aging or otherwise letting them enter into a spiral of neurodegeneration. We aimed to characterize astrocytes cultured from senescence‐accelerated prone 8 (SAMP8) mice, a mouse model of brain pathological aging, along with the effects of caloric restriction, the most effective rejuvenating treatment known so far. Analysis of the transcriptomic profiles of SAMP8 astrocytes cultured in control conditions and treated with caloric restriction serum was performed using mRNA microarrays. A decrease in mitochondrial and ribosome mRNA, which was restored by caloric restriction, confirmed the age‐related profile of SAMP8 astrocytes and the benefits of caloric restriction. An amelioration of antioxidant and neurodegeneration‐related pathways confirmed the brain benefits of caloric restriction. Studies of oxidative stress and mitochondrial function demonstrated a reduction of oxidative damage and partial improvement of mitochondria after caloric restriction. In summary, caloric restriction showed a significant tendency to normalize pathologically aged astrocytes through the activation of pathways that are protective against the age‐related deterioration of brain physiology.
Race and Sex Disparities in Prehospital Recognition of Acute Stroke
Authors: Govindarajan Prasanthi , Friedman Benjamin T. , Delgadillo James Q. , Ghilarducci David , Cook Lawrence J. , Grimes Barbara , McCulloch Charles E. , Johnston S. Claiborne 
Published: February 2015

AbstractObjectivesThe objective of this study was to examine prehospital provider recognition of stroke by race and sex.MethodsDiagnoses at emergency department (ED) and hospital discharge from a statewide database in California were linked to prehospital diagnoses from an electronic database from two counties in Northern California from January 2005 to December 2007 using probabilistic linkage. All patients 18 years and older, transported by ambulances (n = 309,866) within the two counties, and patients with hospital‐based discharge diagnoses of stroke (n = 10,719) were included in the study. Logistic regression was used to analyze the independent association of race and sex with the correct prehospital diagnosis of stroke.ResultsThere were 10,719 patients discharged with primary diagnoses of stroke. Of those, 3,787 (35%) were transported by emergency medical services providers. Overall, 32% of patients ultimately diagnosed with stroke were identified in the prehospital setting. Correct prehospital recognition of stroke was lower among Hispanic patients (odds ratio [OR] = 0.77, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.61 to 0.96), Asians (OR = 0.66, 95% CI 0.55 to 0.80), and others (OR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.53 to 0.94), when compared with non‐Hispanic whites, and in women compared with men (OR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.71 to 0.94). Specificity for recognizing stroke was lower in females than males (OR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.78 to 0.90).ConclusionsSignificant disparities exist in prehospital stroke recognition.
Balancing Ethical Goals in Challenging Individual Participant Scenarios Occurring in a Trial Conducted with Exception from Informed Consent
Authors: Biros Michelle H. , Dickert Neal W. , Wright David W. , Scicluna Victoria M. , Harney Deneil , Silbergleit Robert , Denninghoff Kurt , Pentz Rebecca D. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIn 1996, federal regulations were put into effect that allowed enrollment of critically ill or injured patients into Food and Drug Administration (FDA)‐regulated clinical trials using an exception from informed consent (EFIC) under narrowly prescribed research circumstances. Despite the low likelihood that a legally authorized representative (LAR) would be present within the interventional time frame, the EFIC regulations require the availability of an informed consent process, to be applied if an LAR is present and able to provide prospective consent for patient enrollment into the trial. The purpose of this article is to describe a series of unanticipated consent‐related questions arising when a potential surrogate decision‐maker appeared to be available at the time of patient enrollment into a trial proceeding under EFIC.
Hydrogen sulphide induces vasoconstriction of rat coronary artery via activation of Ca2+ influx
Authors: Ping N.‐N. , Li S. , Mi Y.‐N. , Cao L. , Cao Y.‐X. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAimHydrogen sulphide (H2S) exhibits a dual modulation of isolated artery tension. This study investigated the vasoconstrictive effect of sulphur sodium hydride (NaHS), a donor of gaseous H2S, on rat coronary artery.MethodsThe contractile response of isolated arteries was recorded using a wire myograph. Fluo‐3/AM was used to load vascular smooth muscle, and intracellular calcium was determined using confocal laser microscopy. The protein expression of Rho kinase was examined using Western blot.ResultsNaHS induced concentration‐dependent contractions of rat coronary artery, and the contraction reached approx. 65% of 60 mm KCl‐induced contraction. The NaHS‐induced contraction was elevated following the removal of endothelium or the use of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L‐NAME. The cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin reduced NaHS‐induced contraction. The Rho kinase inhibitor Y‐27632 significantly attenuated NaHS‐induced vasoconstriction. Furthermore, NaHS elevated the protein expression of Rho kinase. NaHS‐induced contraction was completely abolished in a Ca2+‐free solution and suppressed by the Ca2+ influx blocker nifedipine (100 nm). NaHS also significantly increased the change rate of Ca2+ fluorescence intensity. However, treatment with a Cl−/HCO3− exchanger blocker, K+ channel blockers, the mitogen‐activated protein kinase inhibitor U‐0126 or cyclic adenosine monophosphate did not affect contraction. Species‐dependent differences in NaHS‐induced vasoconstriction were observed because these effects were only modest in dog coronary artery and absent in rabbit coronary artery.ConclusionsNaHS induces the contraction of rat coronary artery, which is dependent on the activation of Ca2+ influx. Rho kinase likely participates in the vasoconstriction.