bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utilization of 18F‐FDG PET/CT as a staging tool in patients with newly diagnosed lymphoma
Authors: Cho Shih‐Feng , Chang Chin‐Chuan , Liu Yi‐Chang , Chang Chao‐Sung , Hsiao Hui‐Hua , Liu Ta‐Chih , Huang Chiung‐Tang , Lin Sheng‐Fung 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the role of 2‐fluorine‐18‐fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose (18F‐FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in the initial staging and prediction of bone marrow involvement in patients with newly diagnosed lymphoma. A total of 185 patients with newly diagnosed lymphoma were enrolled. All patients received PET/CT and bone marrow biopsy as part of a staging work‐up. At the initial staging, 17 patients (9.2%) with occult nodal or extranodal lesions were upstaged after a review of the PET/CT studies. PET/CT was found to be useful in the differentiation of aggressive lymphoma subtypes from the indolent subtype based on higher standardized uptake value (SUV) (16.67 vs. 7.98, p < 0.001). The results of bone marrow biopsy and PET/CT in the detection of bone marrow involvement were concordant in 152 patients (82.1%); positive concordance was observed in 21 patients, and negative concordance was observed in 131 patients. A high concordance rate was found between aggressive B cell lymphoma and Hodgkin's lymphoma (88.1% and 93.8%, respectively). High negative predictive values (NPVs) for excluding bone marrow involvement were observed in aggressive B‐cell lymphoma (93.2%) and Hodgkin's lymphoma (100%). Diffuse bone marrow FDG uptake accurately predicted bone marrow in aggressive B‐cell lymphoma with a positive predictive value (PPV) of 100%. The concordance rate was lower in indolent B‐cell lymphoma (66.0%). In conclusion, PET/CT resulted in the upstaging of patients with occult extranodal or nodal lesions. A high SUV level can predict aggressive subtype of lymphoma and detect aggressive components in indolent lymphoma. PET/CT had a high PPV for aggressive B‐cell lymphoma with diffuse bone marrow FDG uptake and high NPVs for excluding bone marrow involvement in aggressive B‐cell lymphoma and Hodgkin's lymphoma. Bone marrow biopsy may be omitted for the above subgroups of patients with medical conditions not suitable for this procedure. For patients with indolent B‐cell lymphoma, bone marrow biopsy is still an indispensable procedure for staging.
Space magnetometer based on an anisotropic magnetoresistive hybrid sensor
Authors: Brown P. , Whiteside B. J. , Beek T. J. , Fox P. , Horbury T. S. , Oddy T. M. , Archer M. O. , Eastwood J. P. , Sanz-Hernández D. , Sample J. G. , Cupido E. , O’Brien H. , Carr C. M. 
Published: December 2014

We report on the design and development of a low resource, dual sensor vector magnetometer for space science applications on very small spacecraft. It is based on a hybrid device combining an orthogonal triad of commercial anisotropic magnetoresistive (AMR) sensors with a totem pole H-Bridge drive on a ceramic substrate. The drive enables AMR operation in the more sensitive flipped mode and this is achieved without the need for current spike transmission down a sensor harness. The magnetometer has sensitivity of better than 3 nT in a 0–10 Hz band and a total mass of 104 g. Three instruments have been launched as part of the TRIO-CINEMA space weather mission, inter-calibration against the International Geomagnetic Reference Field model makes it possible to extract physical signals such as field-aligned current deflections of 20–60 nT within an approximately 45 000 nT ambient field.
Differential roles of delay-period neural activity in the monkey dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in visual–haptic crossmodal working memory
Authors: Wang Liping , Li Xianchun , Hsiao Steven S. , Lenz Fred A. , Bodner Mark , Zhou Yong-Di , Fuster Joaquín M. 
Published: December 2014

Significance
Neural activity was recorded from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) when a monkey performed visuo–haptic crossmodal and haptic–haptic unimodal delayed matching-to-sample (cue) tasks. Results indicate that neural networks in the DLPFC function sequentially in the crossmodal task from visual stimulus encoding and crossmodal information transferring between visual and tactile stimuli to the behavioral action. Our findings may clarify the neural mechanisms by which the cerebral cortex stores information in working memory, a cognitive function of prime importance in the coordination of behavior, speech, and reasoning.
Epstein–Barr virus nuclear antigen 3A partially coincides with EBNA3C genome-wide and is tethered to DNA through BATF complexes
Authors: Schmidt Stefanie C. S. , Jiang Sizun , Zhou Hufeng , Willox Bradford , Holthaus Amy M. , Kharchenko Peter V. , Johannsen Eric C. , Kieff Elliott , Zhao Bo 
Published: December 2014

Significance
Epstein–Barr Virus (EBV)-infected lymphoblasts can give rise to non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas, Hodgkin’s disease, and lymphoproliferative disorders, especially in immunosuppressed and HIV-infected individuals. EBV-driven lymphoblast growth requires EBV nuclear antigen 3A (EBNA3A) for suppression of CDKN2A-mediated cell senescence responses. We have described the EBNA3A genome-wide landscape in EBV-infected human lymphoblasts. EBNA3A was found mostly at strong enhancers, colocalized with BATF, ETS, IRF4, and RUNX3. EBNA3A was tethered to DNA through BATF protein complexes.
Optimization of a micronekton model with acoustic data
Authors: Lehodey Patrick , Conchon Anna , Senina Inna , Domokos Réka , Calmettes Beatriz , Jouanno Julien , Hernandez Olga , Kloser Rudy 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
In the pelagic foodweb, micronekton at the mid-trophic level (MTL) are one of the lesser known components of the ocean ecosystem despite being a major driver of the spatial dynamics of their predators, of which many are exploited species (e.g. tunas). The Spatial Ecosystem and Population Dynamics Model is one modelling approach that includes a representation of the spatial dynamics of several epi- and mesopelagic MTL functional groups. The dynamics of these groups are driven by physical (temperature and currents) and biogeochemical (primary production, euphotic depth) variables. A key issue to address is the parameterization of the energy transfer from the primary production to these functional groups. We present a method using in situ acoustic data to estimate the parameters with a maximum likelihood estimation approach. A series of twin experiments conducted to test the behaviour of the model suggested that in the ideal case, that is, with an environmental forcing perfectly simulated and biomass estimates directly correlated with the acoustic signal, a minimum of 200 observations over several time steps at the resolution of the model is needed to estimate the parameter values with a minimum error. A transect of acoustic backscatter at 38 kHz collected during scientific cruises north of Hawaii allowed a first illustration of the approach with actual data. A discussion followed regarding the various sources of uncertainties associated with the use of acoustic data in micronekton biomass.
Scaling probabilistic models of genetic variation to millions of humans
Authors: Gopalan Prem , Hao Wei , Blei David M. , Storey John D. 
Published: December 2014

One of the major goals of population genetics is to quantitatively understand variation of genetic polymorphisms among individuals. To this end, researchers have developed sophisticated statistical methods to capture the complex population structure that underlies observed genotypes in humans, and such methods have been effective for analyzing modestly sized genomic data sets. However, the number of genotyped humans has grown significantly in recent years, and it is accelerating. In aggregate about 1M individuals have been genotyped to date. Analyzing these data will bring us closer to a nearly complete picture of human genetic variation; but existing methods for population genetics analysis do not scale to data of this size. To solve this problem we developed TeraStructure. TeraStructure is a new algorithm to fit Bayesian models of genetic variation in human populations on tera-sample-sized data sets (1012observed genotypes, e.g., 1M individuals at 1M SNPs). It is a principled approach to Bayesian inference that iterates between subsampling locations of the genome and updating an estimate of the latent population structure of the individuals. On data sets of up to 2K individuals, TeraStructure matches the existing state of the art in terms of both speed and accuracy. On simulated data sets of up to 10K individuals, TeraStructure is twice as fast as existing methods and has higher accuracy in recovering the latent population structure. On genomic data simulated at the tera-sample-size scales, TeraStructure continues to be accurate and is the only method that can complete its analysis.SoftwareTeraStructure is available for download athttps://github.com/premgopalan/terastructure.FundingThis research was supported in part by NIH grant R01 HG006448 and ONR grant N00014-12-1-0764.
Large unburnt areas, not small unburnt patches, are needed to conserve avian diversity in fire‐prone landscapes
Authors: Berry Laurence E. , Lindenmayer David B. , Driscoll Don A. 
Published: December 2014

Summary

Mitigating the impacts of large‐scale fires on biodiversity is becoming increasingly important as their frequency increases. In response, fire managers have engaged with the concept that retaining small unburnt residual areas of vegetation within extensively burnt landscapes may facilitate biodiversity conservation. However, it remains uncertain how the size and isolation of these unburnt residuals influence faunal distributions, persistence and recovery following fire.

We used a replicated observation study to test bird responses to the size and isolation of unburnt residuals in a mallee woodland area recently burnt by a 28 000 ha wildfire in southern Australia. The scale of our study provided a rare opportunity to consider the responses of large mobile organisms to fire‐induced habitat fragmentation. Within five replicated spatial blocks, we crossed two levels of isolation with large (5–7 ha) and small (1–3 ha) unburnt patches and matrix sites burnt 5 years previously. We compared these site types to six continuous (non‐fragmented) unburnt sites. We surveyed each site on eight occasions.

Most birds occurred more frequently in unburnt habitat beyond the extent of the fire. Bird responses to the availability and spatial distribution of unburnt remnants within the fire were largely influenced by their ability to use the recently burnt matrix. Occurrence of five species was higher in unburnt residuals when more of the landscape within 500 m was burnt.

A fire refuge effect may be likely for two competitive species that occurred more frequently in unburnt residuals than in the burnt matrix or continuous unburnt habitat. For the weebill, recolonization following fire was likely to occur gradually over time from ex situ sources.

Synthesis and applications. To maintain avian diversity in fire‐prone landscapes, our results suggest a need to shift management focus from creating networks of small unburnt patches towards preserving large, intact areas of habitat. However, five species common to the burnt matrix preferentially selected residual patches when unburnt resources were locally scarce. Therefore, to benefit birds, land managers should limit the extent of applied burns and use narrow burns. When planning large burns, practitioners should consider that a number of species will remain absent from the landscape for several decades.
Surgically avertable burden of obstetric conditions in low‐ and middle‐income regions: a modelled analysis
Authors: Higashi H , Barendregt JJ , Kassebaum NJ , Weiser TG , Bickler SW , Vos T 
Published: December 2014

ObjectiveTo quantify the burden of maternal and neonatal conditions in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) that could be averted by full access to quality first‐level obstetric surgical procedures.DesignBurden of disease and epidemiological modelling.SettingLMICs from all global regions.PopulationThe entire population in 2010.MethodsWe included five conditions in our analysis: maternal haemorrhage; obstructed labour; obstetric fistula; abortion1; and neonatal encephalopathy. Demographic and epidemiological data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease 2010 study. We split the disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs) of these conditions into surgically ‘avertable’ and ‘non‐avertable’ burdens. We applied the lowest age‐specific fatality rates from all global regions to each LMIC region to estimate the avertable deaths, assuming that the differences of death rates between each region and the lowest rates reflect the gap in surgical care.Main outcome measuresDeaths and DALYs avertable.ResultsOf the estimated 56.6 million DALYs (i.e. 56.6 million years of healthy life lost) of the selected five conditions, 21.1 million DALYs (37%) are avertable by full coverage of quality obstetric surgery in LMICs. The avertable burden in absolute term is substantial given the size of burden of these conditions in LMICs. Neonatal encephalopathy constitutes the largest portion of avertable burden (16.2 million DALYs) among the five conditions, followed by abortion (2.1 million DALYs).ConclusionsImproving access to quality surgical care at first‐level hospitals could reduce a tremendous burden of maternal and neonatal conditions in LMICs.
A systematic review of essential obstetric and newborn care capacity building in rural sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Ni Bhuinneain GM , McCarthy FP 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundProgress in maternal survival in sub‐Saharan Africa has been poor since the Millennium Declaration.ObjectivesThis systematic review aims to investigate the presence and rigour of evidence for effective capacity building for Essential Obstetric and Newborn Care (EONC) to reduce maternal mortality in rural, sub‐Saharan Africa, where maternal mortality ratios are highest globally.Search strategyMEDLINE (1990–January 2014), EMBASE (1990–January 2014), and the Cochrane Library were included in our search. Key developing world issues of The Lancet and the British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, African Ministry of Health websites, and the WHO reproductive health library were searched by hand.Selection criteriaStudies investigating essential obstetric and newborn care packages in basic and comprehensive care facilities, at community and institutional level, in rural sub‐Saharan Africa were included. Studies were included if they reported on healthcare worker performance, access to care, community behavioural change, and emergency obstetric and newborn care.Data collection and analysisData were extracted and all relevant studies independently appraised using structured abstraction and appraisal tools.Main resultsThere is moderate evidence to support the training of healthcare workers of differing cadres in the provision of emergency obstetric and newborn services to reduce institutional maternal mortality and case‐fatality rates in rural sub‐Saharan Africa. Community schemes that sensitise and enable access to maternal health services result in a modest rise in facility birth and skilled birth attendance in this rural setting.Authors' conclusionEssential Obstetric and Newborn Care has merit as an intervention package to reduce maternal mortality in rural sub‐Saharan Africa.
Molecular detection of invertebrate prey in vertebrate diets: trophic ecology ofCaribbean island lizards
Authors: Kartzinel Tyler R. , Pringle Robert M. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractUnderstanding community assembly and population dynamics frequently requires detailed knowledge of food web structure. For many consumers, obtaining precise information about diet composition has traditionally required sacrificing animals or other highly invasive procedures, generating tension between maintaining intact study populations and knowing what they eat. We developed 16SmitochondrialDNAsequencing methods to identify arthropods in the diets of generalist vertebrate predators without requiring a blocking primer. We demonstrate the utility of these methods for a commonCaribbean lizard that has been intensively studied in the context of small island food webs:Anolis sagrei(a semi‐arboreal ‘trunk‐ground’ anole ecomorph). NovelPCRprimers were identified in silico and tested in vitro. Illumina sequencing successfully characterized the arthropod component of 168 faecalDNAsamples collected during three field trips spanning 12 months, revealing 217 molecular operational taxonomic units (mOTUs) from at least nine arthropod orders (includingAraneae,Blattodea,Coleoptera,Hemiptera,Hymenoptera,Isoptera,Lepidoptera andOrthoptera). Three mOTUs (one beetle, one cockroach and one ant) were particularly frequent, occurring in ≥50% of samples, but the majority of mOTUs were infrequent (180, or 83%, occurred in ≤5% of samples). Species accumulation curves showed that dietary richness and composition were similar between size‐dimorphic sexes; however, female lizards had greater per‐sample dietary richness than males. Overall diet composition (but not richness) was significantly different across seasons, and we found more pronounced interindividual variation inDecember than inMay. These methods will be generally useful in characterizing the diets of diverse insectivorous vertebrates.
Pregnancy‐related issues in women with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Singh Abha G. , Chowdhary Vaidehi R. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWhile fertility is preserved in females with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), it is well established that pregnancy in these patients is associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes, including pregnancy loss, pre‐eclampsia, preterm delivery and intrauterine growth retardation, as well as neonatal mortality. Mechanisms underlying these adverse outcomes are poorly understood, and better understanding of these would allow development of targeted and personalized treatment strategies. Established risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes include active disease within 6 months prior to conception and during pregnancy, active nephritis, maternal hypertension, antiphospholipid antibodies and hypocomplementemia. While intensive monitoring is recommended, the comparative effectiveness of appropriate management strategies is unclear. While current strategies are able to achieve live births in 85–90% of pregnancies, certain aspects such as prevention of preterm birth, treatment of congenital heart block due to neonatal lupus and recurrent pregnancy loss despite best management, remains challenging. Pregnancy is also associated with an increased risk of flare of lupus, particularly in patients with active disease at time of conception or within 6 months prior to conception. Pregnant patients withSLEshould be followed in a high‐risk obstetric clinic, and care should be closely coordinated between the obstetrician and rheumatologist.
Serum anti‐Müllerian hormone and ovarian morphology assessed by magnetic resonance imaging in response to acupuncture and exercise in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: secondary analyses of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Leonhardt Henrik , Hellström Mikael , Gull Berit , Lind Anna‐Karin , Nilsson Lars , Janson Per Olof , Stener‐Victorin Elisabet 
Published: December 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate whether electro‐acupuncture or physical exercise influence serum anti‐Müllerian hormone (AMH), antral follicle count (AFC) or ovarian volume in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).DesignSecondary analyses of a prospective, randomized controlled clinical trial.SettingUniversity Hospital, Sweden.PatientsSeventy‐four women with PCOS recruited from the general population.InterventionsWomen with PCOS were randomized to 16 weeks of electro‐acupuncture (14 treatments), exercise (at least three times/week), or no intervention.Main outcome measuresSerum AMH recorded at baseline, after 16 weeks of intervention, and at follow up at 32 weeks. AFC, and ovarian volume assessed by magnetic resonance imaging at baseline and at follow up at 32 weeks.ResultsAfter 16 weeks of intervention, serum levels of AMH were significantly decreased in the electro‐acupuncture group by 17.5% (p < 0.001), and differed from the change in the exercise group. AMH remained decreased by 15% (p = 0.004) also at follow up at 32 weeks, but did not differ from the exercise or the no intervention groups. There was a decrease by 8.5% (p = 0.015) in ovarian volume between baseline and follow up in the electro‐acupuncture group, and by 11.7% (p = 0.01) in AFC in the physical exercise group. No other variables were affected.ConclusionsThis study is the first to demonstrate that acupuncture reduces serum AMH levels and ovarian volume. Physical exercise did not influence circulating AMH or ovarian volume. Despite a within‐group decrease in AFC, exercise did not lead to a between‐group difference.
Live music reduces stress levels in very low‐birthweight infants
Authors: Schwilling Diana , Vogeser Michael , Kirchhoff Fabian , Schwaiblmair Frauke , Boulesteix Anne‐Laure , Schulze Andreas , Flemmer Andreas W. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAimMusic might benefit preterm infants in stressful, intensive care environments. However, data on stress level indicators, determined by salivary cortisol levels, are scarce. We evaluated the effect of live harp music on the stress level indicators of preterm infants in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).MethodsWe exposed 20 stable preterm infants to music for 15 min on three consecutive days. Saliva was collected before the music was played and 25 min and 4 h after it ended. Salivary cortisol levels were measured by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and vital signs, oxygen saturation, bradycardia, apnoeas and oxygen desaturations were recorded. Pain levels were assessed by the Bernese Pain Scale for Neonates.ResultsSalivary cortisol was significantly lower 25 min (18.9 nmol/L [3.9–35.6] p = 0.001) and 4 h after music (17.4 nmol/L [3.9–35.3] p = 0.003) than at baseline 4 h before exposure (19.5 nmol/L [7.2–51.1]). After music, the number of apnoeas and oxygen desaturations was significantly reduced on all three, days and the number of bradycardia episodes on day one. Pain scores significantly improved after music on all 3 days.ConclusionExposure to live music reduced salivary cortisol and had beneficial effects on the physiologic parameters of stable preterm infants in a NICU.
Assessing the tongue colour of newly born infants may help to predict the need for supplemental oxygen in the delivery room
Authors: Dawson JA , Ekström A , Frisk C , Thio M , Roehr CC , Kamlin COF , Donath SM , Davis PG ,   the Giraffe Study Group
Published: December 2014

AbstractAimIt takes several minutes for infants to become pink after birth. Preductal oxygen saturation (SpO2) measurements are used to guide the delivery of supplemental oxygen to newly born infants, but pulse oximetry is not available in many parts of the world. We explored whether the pinkness of an infant's tongue provided a useful indication that supplemental oxygen was required.MethodsThis was a prospective observational study of infants delivered by Caesarean section. Simultaneous recording of SpO2 and visual assessment of whether the tongue was pink or not was made at 1–7 and 10 min after birth.ResultsThe 38 midwives and seven paediatric trainees carried out 271 paired assessments on 68 infants with a mean (SD) birthweight of 3214 (545) grams and gestational age of 38 (2) weeks. When the infant did not have a pink tongue, this predicted SpO2 of <70% with a sensitivity of 26% and a specificity of 96%.ConclusionTongue colour was a specific but insensitive sign that indicated when SpO2 was <70%. When the tongue is pink, it is likely that an infant has an SpO2 of more than 70% and does not require supplemental oxygen.