bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Iscore Predicts Total Healthcare Costs Early after Hospitalization for an Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Ewara Emmanuel M. , Isaranuwatchai Wanrudee , Bravata Dawn M. , Williams Linda S. , Fang Jiming , Hoch Jeffrey S. , Saposnik Gustavo 
Published: October 2015

Background The ischemic Stroke risk score is a validated prognostic score which can be used by clinicians to estimate patient outcomes after the occurrence of an acute ischemic stroke. Aim In this study, we examined the association between the ischemic Stroke risk score and patients' 30-day, one-year, and two-year healthcare costs from the perspective of a third party healthcare payer. Methods Patients who had an acute ischemic stroke were identified from the Registry of Canadian Stroke Network. The 30-day ischemic Stroke risk score prognostic score was determined for each patient. Direct healthcare costs at each time point were determined using administrative databases in the province of Ontario. Unadjusted mean and the impact of a 10-point increase ischemic Stroke risk score and a patient's risk of death or disability on total cost were determined. Results There were 12 686 patients eligible for the study. Total unadjusted mean costs were greatest among patients at high risk. When adjusting for patient characteristics, a 10-point increase in the ischemic Stroke risk score was associated with 8%, 7%, and 4% increase in total costs at 30 days, one-year, and two-years. The same increase was found to impact patients at low, medium, and high risk differently. When adjusting for patient characteristics, patients in the high-risk group had the highest total costs at 30 days, while patients at medium risk had the highest costs at both one and two-years. Conclusions The ischemic Stroke risk score can be useful as a predictor of healthcare utilization and costs early after hospitalization for an acute ischemic stroke.
Propiverine increases urethral wall catecholamine levels and bladder leak point pressure in rats
Authors: Nishijima Saori , Sugaya Kimio , Kadekawa Katsumi , Ashitomi Katsuhiro , Ueda Tomoyuki , Yamamoto Hideyuki 
Published: October 2015

ObjectiveTo investigate whether propiverine has a noradrenaline re‐uptake inhibitor and whether it acts on the lumbosacral cord or the urethral wall. In addition, we aimed to examine the effect of propiverine on leak point pressure in rats.MethodsA total of 72 female and 30 male rats were used to examine the following: (i) the change of leak point pressure caused by intravenous agents in rats with vaginal distention; (ii) the change of leak point pressure caused by intrathecal agents in rats with vaginal distention; (iii) the noradrenaline re‐uptake inhibitor action of propiverine; and (iv) catecholamine levels in the bladder wall, urethral wall, cerebrospinal fluid and plasma after oral administration of propiverine.ResultsIntravenous injection of propiverine, imipramine and duloxetine increased the leak point pressure in rats with vaginal distention. Intrathecal naftopidil decreased the leak point pressure, whereas subsequent intravenous propiverine restored the leak point pressure to the level before intrathecal naftopidil in rats with vaginal distention. Propiverine acted like a noradrenaline re‐uptake inhibitor, increasing noradrenaline and/or dopamine levels in the plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, and urethral wall perfusion fluid.ConclusionPropiverine inhibits noradrenaline re‐uptake, as well as having antimuscarinic and Ca‐antagonist actions. The inhibition of noradrenaline re‐uptake by propiverine mainly occurs at the urethral level and partially in the central nervous system, and might stimulate the smooth muscle of the bladder neck and proximal urethra through α1‐adrenergic receptors, as well as stimulating the striated muscle of the urethra and pelvic floor by activation of spinal motoneurons. Therefore, propiverine might be effective for both stress and urge incontinence.
Research of information systems: from parochial to international, towards global or glocal?
Authors: Martinsons Maris G. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe development over time of the Information Systems Journal and information systems (IS) research in general is examined by applying both quantitative and qualitative data analyses. The evidence suggests that the journal and the IS discipline have both evolved from parochial and national to become international. This evolution has influenced the phenomena and contexts being studied and, ultimately, theory and practice. Cultural and institutional differences are major obstacles to globalizing IS research. Based on a trilemma for theoretical development among generality, accuracy and simplicity, glocalization is suggested as an alternative to globalization. The merits of glocal research and education, with globally connected villages, are discussed.
Desirable but not smart: preference for smarter romantic partners impairs women's STEM outcomes
Authors: Park Lora E. , Young Ariana F. , Eastwick Paul W. , Troisi Jordan D. , Streamer Lindsey 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAlthough women today excel in many areas of society, they are often underrepresented in the traditionally male‐dominated fields of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM). The present research examined whether traditional romantic partner preferences—specifically, a desire to date partners who are smarter than oneself—affects women's tendency to minimize their intelligence in STEM fields when pursuing romantic goals. Women (but not men) who preferred smarter romantic partners showed worse math performance (Studies 1–2), less identification with math (Study 2), and less interest in STEM careers (Study 3) when the goal to be romantically desirable was activated. A meta‐analysis across studies supported results. This research thus demonstrates that partner preferences influence women's STEM outcomes in response to romantic goal pursuit.
Europeanization through Policy Networks in the Southern Neighbourhood: Advancing Renewable Energy Rules in Morocco and Algeria
Authors: Katsaris Angelos 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis research contributes to the literatures of Europeanization and European public administration by investigating EU rule advancement outside Europe. The article argues that the European Commission requires professional networks to advance the European Union (EU) acquis in Morocco and Algeria regarding climate change mitigation. However, certain conditions determine its network‐building efforts outside Europe. Functional interests and sectoral interdependence provide the Commission with increased bargaining power in Morocco. Thus, market access and expertise offers trigger Morocco to develop technical dialogue over renewable energies. Instead, a Commission‐led technical network over renewable energies creates antagonistic relations with the Algerian state elite. An alternative energy relationship with Europe beyond conventional resources could incur revenue losses for the state and a shift towards a different economic model. As a result, state hierarchies intervene in network‐building and lead professionals to stagnant outcomes. The study takes an actor‐centred approach, opting for proximity in network operations.
Societal Empowerment and Europeanization: Revisiting the EU's Impact on Democratization
Authors: Noutcheva Gergana 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe Europeanization literature predominantly credits the empowerment of pro‐reform political elites through the EU's incentives for the democratization of non‐EU countries. The existing studies under‐emphasize the societal dimension of the EU's impact and the normative context in which the EU's leverage is applied. Taking a societal perspective, this article examines societal empowerment as an alternative to elite empowerment and proposes four mechanisms of EU influence on democratization through societies taking into account the EU's structural power and actorness, and considering their effects on the societal sphere and societal actions. Applying the mechanisms to a tough case for societal mobilization for democracy – Bulgaria – the article shows how the EU, through representing a legitimate model of democratic governance, has created a strong pro‐reform societal constituency that can sustain the democratic dynamic. The article also demonstrates the relevance of cross‐national diffusion processes for pro‐democracy societal mobilization.
Predicting On‐Road Driving Performance and Safety in Cognitively Impaired Older Adults
Authors: Jones Ross Rachel W. , Scialfa Charles T. , Cordazzo Sheila T. D. 
Published: October 2015

ObjectivesTo evaluate the ability to predict on‐road driving in cognitively impaired older drivers.DesignCross‐sectional observational study.SettingLaboratory tests and on‐road assessment.ParticipantsDrivers with cognitive impairment (Mini‐Mental State Examination score < 26, N = 43, mean age 74).MeasurementsThe Roadwise Review, a hazard perception test (HPT), several vision tests, and a standardized 18‐km driving assessment.ResultsThe best prediction of passing or failing the on‐road test was a combination of the HPT, leg strength, visual acuity, visual search and working memory, and number of medications taken (Nagelkerke coefficient of determination = 0.40). The sensitivity of the model was 71%, and the specificity was 75%.ConclusionFurther research is required to determine how these tests may be used or combined with other data (e.g., medical history) to assess fitness to drive of cognitively impaired older drivers.
Challenges in the Pharmacological Management of Nursing Home Residents with Overactive Bladder or Urinary Incontinence
Authors: Zarowitz Barbara J. , Allen Carrie , O'Shea Terrence , Tangalos Eric G. , Berner Todd , Ouslander Joseph G. 
Published: October 2015

ObjectivesTo determine the proportion of nursing home (NH) residents (NHR) with overactive bladder (OAB) or urinary incontinence (UI) with potential pharmacodynamic contraindications to antimuscarinic treatment because of concomitant anticholinergic medications or acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) and nonpharmacological limitations to antimuscarinic treatment.DesignCross‐sectional retrospective analysis.SettingU.S. skilled nursing facilities.ParticipantsNursing home residents with a diagnosis of OAB or UI.MeasurementsLinked and deidentified pharmacy claims and Minimum Data Set (MDS) 3.0 records (October 1, 2010 to September 30, 2012).ResultsOf NHRs, 71.3% received at least one anticholinergic medication. Medications that can cause or worsen UI were used commonly. AChEIs and antimuscarinic treatment were prescribed concurrently in 24% of NHRs with OAB or UI. NHRs with OAB or UI were more likely to have concurrent moderate to severe cognitive impairment (MSCI) (70.1%) than those without (29.9%) (P < .001). NHRs with or without OAB or UI and with MSCI were more likely to be treated with an anticholinergic medication than those without MSCI (P = .001). When NHRs with MSCI, severe mobility impairment (SMI), and anticholinergic medication and AChEI use were excluded, only a small proportion of NHRs were potential candidates for antimuscarinic treatment (6.6% with OAB or UI, 6.2% with UI).ConclusionsThis study advances understanding of the challenges in prescribing antimuscarinic treatment safely and appropriately in elderly NHRs with a high prevalence of drug interactions, underlying MSCI, and SMI.
Evaluation of the Usefulness of Consensus Definitions of Sarcopenia in Older Men: Results from the Observational Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Cohort Study
Authors: Cawthon Peggy M. , Blackwell Terri L. , Cauley Jane , Kado Deborah M. , Barrett‐Connor Elizabeth , Lee Christine G. , Hoffman Andrew R. , Nevitt Michael , Stefanick Marcia L. , Lane Nancy E. , Ensrud Kristine E. , Cummings Steven R. , Orwoll Eric S. 
Published: October 2015

ObjectiveTo evaluate the associations between definitions of sarcopenia and clinical outcomes and the ability of the definitions to discriminate those with a high likelihood of having these outcomes from those with a low likelihood.DesignOsteoporotic Fractures in Men Study.SettingSix clinical centers.ParticipantsCommunity‐dwelling men aged 65 and older (N = 5,934).MeasurementsSarcopenia definitions from the International Working Group, European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older Persons, Foundation for the National Institutes of Health Sarcopenia Project, Baumgartner, and Newman were evaluated. Recurrent falls were defined as two or more self‐reported falls in the year after baseline (n = 694, 11.9%). Incident hip fractures (n = 207, 3.5%) and deaths (n = 2,003, 34.1%) were confirmed according to central review of medical records over 9.8 years. Self‐reported functional limitations were assessed at baseline and 4.6 years later. Logistic regression or proportional hazards models were used to estimate associations between sarcopenia and falls, hip fractures, and death. The discriminative ability of the sarcopenia definitions (vs reference models) for these outcomes was evaluated using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve or C‐statistics. Referent models included age alone for falls, functional limitations and mortality, and age and bone mineral density for hip fractures.ResultsThe association between sarcopenia according to the various definitions and risk of falls, functional limitations, and hip fractures was variable; all definitions were associated with greater risk of death, but none of the definitions materially changed discrimination based on the AUC and C‐statistic when compared with reference models (change ≤1% in all models).ConclusionSarcopenia definitions as currently constructed did not consistently improve prediction of clinical outcomes in relatively healthy older men.
Use of Renally Inappropriate Medications in Older Veterans: A National Study
Authors: Chang Flora , O'Hare Ann M. , Miao Yinghui , Steinman Michael A. 
Published: October 2015

ObjectivesTo determine how many ambulatory older adults with chronic kidney disease receive medications that are contraindicated or dosed excessively given their level of renal function.DesignCross‐sectional retrospective study.SettingU.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) clinics.ParticipantsIndividuals aged 65 and older with a creatinine clearance (CrCl) of 15 to 49 mL/min (N = 83,850; mean age 80; 96% male).MeasurementsForty medications that require dose adjustment or are contraindicated in people with impaired renal function were examined. Medication use and CrCl (calculated using the Cockroft‐Gault equation) were assessed using VA pharmacy, laboratory, and other data sources as of October 2007.ResultsThirteen percent of older veterans with a CrCl of 30 to 49 mL/min and 32% of those with a CrCl of 15 to 29 mL/min received one or more drugs that were contraindicated or prescribed at an excessive dose given the individual's level of renal function. The strongest risk factor for renally inappropriate prescribing was number of medications used; the risk of receiving renally inappropriate medications was 5.5 times as high (95% confidence interval = 5.1–5.9) in older adults taking 10 or more medications as in those taking one to three medications. Ranitidine, allopurinol, and metformin together accounted for 76% of renally misprescribed medications in individuals with a CrCl of 30 to 49 mL/min. Glyburide, ranitidine, gemfibrozil, carvedilol, and allopurinol accounted for 47% of renally misprescribed drugs for individuals with a CrCl of 15 to 29 mL/min.ConclusionInappropriate prescribing of renally cleared medications is common in ambulatory older veterans, with only a few medications accounting for most of these prescribing problems.
Delinking Legitimacies: A Pluriversal Perspective on Political CSR
Authors: Ehrnström‐Fuentes Maria 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis study critically examines the concept of political CSR, or legitimacy creation through deliberation, as something that can be universally agreed upon in places where incommensurable differences exist. Through a comparative case study of two local stakeholder groups – one urban and one rural – involved in a conflict over a pulp mill in the south of Chile, this paper asks: 1) why did the two groups choose different participation strategies in the deliberation over the desirability of the mill? Based on multiple data sources, the study finds differences in how each community made sense of the world through place‐bound social imaginaries, which affected the stakeholders’ willingness to participate in deliberation. The findings suggest that legitimacy cannot be universally secured through dialogues that seek consensus at the expense of occluded imaginaries, rather it exists as a pluriversal construct. If political CSR is to play a role in legitimacy creation across imaginaries, the focus should be on constructing economic alternatives embedded in place that supports the co‐existence of different forms of life.
New Methodology for Investigating Ejaculation Dysfunction: Measuring Intraluminal Seminal Vesicle Pressure in Rats with a Telemetric Device
Authors: Sung Hyun Hwan , Kim Jung Jun , Han Deok Hyun , Kang Su Jeong , Chae Mee Ree , Kim Chul Young , Park Jong Kwan , Lee Sung Won 
Published: October 2015

Abstract

Introduction
Ejaculation dysfunction is one of the most common male sexual disorders. Despite its prevalence and adverse impact on patients, little attention has been given to investigating ejaculation dysfunction.

Aim
We introduce a new method for evaluating ejaculation dysfunction in rats with a telemetric device.

Methods
A pressure transducer was surgically implanted in the seminal vesicles of 7-week-old male Sprague–Dawley rats. One week later, the rats were subcutaneously administered tamsulosin 3 μg/kg, and intra-seminal vesicle pressure (ISVP) was recorded in freely moving rats after an injection of apomorphine (80 μg/kg). Same rats repeated experiment with tamsulosin 10 μg/kg, silodosin 1 mg/kg, and normal saline with 3-day intervals.

Main Outcome Measure
Sexual events were visually identified and recorded. Ejaculation was confirmed by visualization of a copulatory plug in the tip of the penis. We compared the maximal ISVP and area under the curve (AUC) of the ISVP.

Results
Adequate ISVP data were easily recorded and available in 66.6% rats (10/15) over a 6-week telemetric recording period (12 recordings). The mean number of ejaculations during an inspection time of 30 minutes was 1.5 ± 0.1. The maximal ISVP values in rats receiving 3 μg/kg (30.0 ± 5.2 mm Hg) and 10 μg/kg tamsulosin (15.1 ± 1.6 mm Hg) and 1 mg/kg silodosin (12.9 ± 2.2 mm Hg) were significantly lower than that in control rats (61.4 ± 13.4 mm Hg, P &lt; 0.05). The AUC values in rats receiving 3 μg/kg (72.7 ± 18.9 mm Hg × s) and 10 μg/kg tamsulosin (23.5 ± 6.1 mm Hg) and 1 mg/kg silodosin (23.9 ± 8.0 mm Hg) were also lower than that of control rats (162.6 ± 34.3 mm Hg, P &lt; 0.05).

Conclusions
Telemetric ISVP assessment is reliable and feasible for investigating apomorphine-induced ejaculation in rats. Tamsulosin (3 μg/kg and 10 μg/kg) and silodosin 1 mg/kg decreased the ISVP during ejaculation.
The effects of DASH diet on weight loss and metabolic status in adults with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Razavi Zade Mohsen , Telkabadi Mohammad Hosein , Bahmani Fereshteh , Salehi Behnaz , Farshbaf Shima , Asemi Zatollah 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackground & AimsThis study was designed to determine the effects of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet on weight loss and metabolic status in overweight patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).MethodsThis randomized controlled clinical trial was done among 60 overweight and obese patients with NAFLD. Patients were randomly allocated to consume either the control (n = 30) or the DASH eating pattern (n = 30) for 8 weeks. Both diets were designed to be calorie‐restricted. Both diets were consisted of 52–55% carbohydrates, 16–18% proteins and 30% total fats; however, the DASH diet was designed to be rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and low‐fat dairy products and low in saturated fats, cholesterol and refined grains.ResultsAdherence to the DASH eating pattern, compared to the control diet, weight (P = 0.006), BMI (P = 0.01), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (P = 0.02), alkalin phosphatase (ALP) (P = 0.001), insulin levels (P = 0.01), homoeostasis model of assessment‐estimated insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) (P = 0.01) significantly decreased and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) (P = 0.004) significantly increased. Compared with the control diet, the DASH diet has resulted in significant reductions in serum triglycerides (P = 0.04) and total‐/HDL‐cholesterol ratio (P = 0.01). Finally, decreased concentrations of serum high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) (P = 0.03), malondialdehyde (MDA) (P = 0.04), increased levels of nitric oxide (NO) (P = 0.01) and glutathione (GSH) (P = 0.009) were found in the DASH group compared with the control group.ConclusionsConsumption of DASH diet for 8 weeks among patients with NAFLD had beneficial effects on weight, BMI, ALT, ALP, triglycerides, markers of insulin metabolism, inflammatory markers, GSH and MDA.
Complex patterns of cis‐regulatory polymorphisms in ebony underlie standing pigmentation variation in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Miyagi Ryutaro , Akiyama Noriyoshi , Osada Naoki , Takahashi Aya 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPigmentation traits in adult Drosophila melanogaster were used in this study to investigate how phenotypic variations in continuous ecological traits can be maintained in a natural population. First, pigmentation variation in the adult female was measured at seven different body positions in 20 strains from the Drosophila melanogaster Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP) originating from a natural population in North Carolina. Next, to assess the contributions of cis‐regulatory polymorphisms of the genes involved in the melanin biosynthesis pathway, allele‐specific expression levels of four genes were quantified by amplicon sequencing using a 454 GS Junior. Among those genes, ebony was significantly associated with pigmentation intensity of the thoracic segment. Detailed sequence analysis of the gene regulatory regions of this gene indicated that many different functional cis‐regulatory alleles are segregating in the population and that variations outside the core enhancer element could potentially play important roles in the regulation of gene expression. In addition, a slight enrichment of distantly associated SNP pairs was observed in the ~10 kb cis‐regulatory region of ebony, which suggested the presence of interacting elements scattered across the region. In contrast, sequence analysis in the core cis‐regulatory region of tan indicated that SNPs within the region are significantly associated with allele‐specific expression level of this gene. Collectively, the data suggest that the underlying genetic differences in the cis‐regulatory regions that control intraspecific pigmentation variation can be more complex than those of interspecific pigmentation trait differences, where causal genetic changes are typically confined to modular enhancer elements.
Immunomodulatory effect of ghrelin in the intestinal mucosa
Authors: Eissa N. , Ghia J.E. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe gastrointestinal tract is the largest endocrine organ in the body and it produces a wide array of hormones and neuropeptides. Ghrelin, a 28‐amino acid hormone produced mainly by the X/A‐like endocrine cells in the gastric mucosa, has widespread tissue distribution and diverse physiological functions such as hormonal, orexigenic, metabolic, cardiovascular, neurological and immunological activities. Recent research has implicated ghrelin in gastrointestinal pathological conditions and immune system regulation, but its contribution is controversial. Although ghrelin levels are elevated in clinical active inflammatory bowel diseases, confirmation of its exact role using experimental models remains unclear. This review discusses the conflicting effects of ghrelin on intestinal inflammation, through the different possible immune and intracellular mechanisms and highlights new findings.