bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brainstem manifestations in neuromyelitis optica: a multicenter study of 258 patients
Authors: Kremer L , Mealy M , Jacob A , Nakashima I , Cabre P , Bigi S , Paul F , Jarius S , Aktas O , Elsone L , Mutch K , Levy M , Takai Y , Collongues N , Banwell B , Fujihara K , de Seze J 
Published: October 2013

Background: Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is a severe autoimmune disease of the central nervous system characterized by spinal cord and optic nerve involvement. Brainstem manifestations have recently been described. Objective: To evaluate the time of occurrence, the frequency and the characteristics of brainstem symptoms in a cohort of patients with NMO according to the ethnic background and the serologic status for anti-aquaporin-4 antibodies (AQP4-abs). Methods: We performed a multicenter study of 258 patients with NMO according to the 2006 Wingerchuk criteria and we evaluated prospectively the frequency, the date of onset and the duration of various brainstem signs in this population. Results: Brainstem signs were observed in 81 patients (31.4%). The most frequently observed signs were vomiting (33.1%), hiccups (22.3%), oculomotor dysfunction (19.8%), pruritus (12.4%), followed by hearing loss (2.5%), facial palsy (2.5%), vertigo or vestibular ataxia (1.7%), trigeminal neuralgia (2.5%) and other cranial nerve signs (3.3%). They were inaugural in 44 patients (54.3%). The prevalence was higher in the non-Caucasian population (36.6%) than in the Caucasian population (26%) ( p<0.05) and was higher in AQP4-ab-seropositive patients (32.7%) than in seronegative patients (26%) (not significant). Conclusions: This study confirms the high frequency of brainstem symptoms in NMO with a majority of vomiting and hiccups. The prevalence of these manifestations was higher in the non Caucasian population.
A retrospective study of antipsychotic drug switching in a pediatric population
Authors: Linton David , Procyshyn Ric M , Elbe Dean , Lee Lik Hang N , Barr Alasdair M 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
Antipsychotic drugs can be used to help treat a wide variety of psychiatric disorders. However, specific antipsychotic drugs for any particular patient may need to be changed for a number of different reasons, including a lack of therapeutic efficacy and / or intolerance to medication side-effects. Drug switching may occur through a limited number of established patterns. The nature of these changes is not well characterized in youth, despite their frequent occurrence.

Methods
A retrospective analysis of antipsychotic drug switches was conducted on patients who had been admitted as inpatients to a tertiary care child and adolescent psychiatric institute. PharmaNet (a large, central administrative database) records of all medications prescribed in the 52 weeks prior to admission, and then between admission and discharge, were analyzed for switching patterns. Additional data regarding diagnoses were obtained from medical chart review.

Results
Patients represented a diagnostically heterogeneous population, and almost all antipsychotic drugs were administered off-label. In the one year prior to and during admission to the hospital, a total of 31 out of 139 patients switched antipsychotic drugs. The frequency of switching increased closer to the time of admission, and the proportional rate of switching was even higher during hospital stay. The most common switch was from risperidone to quetiapine. Our analysis identified three main patterns of drug switching, all occurring with similar frequency: titrated drug switches, abrupt drug switches and concurrent drug administration.

Conclusions
The present study indicates that antipsychotic drug switching in youth may be relatively common, particularly in the year prior to hospitalization. No specific manner of drug switching predominates. This study also demonstrates the feasibility of using large administrative databases to characterise switching patterns in youth.
Chronic disease prevention policy in British Columbia and Ontario in light of public health renewal: a comparative policy analysis
Authors: Kothari Anita , Gore Dana , MacDonald Marjorie , Bursey Gayle , Allan Diane , Scarr Jennifer ,   The Renewal of Public Health Systems Research Team
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
Public health strategies that focus on legislative and policy change involving chronic disease risk factors such as unhealthy diet and physical inactivity have the potential to prevent chronic diseases and improve quality of life as a whole. However, many public health policies introduced as part of public health reform have not yet been analyzed, such as in British Columbia and Ontario. The purpose of this paper is to present the results of a descriptive, comparative analysis of public health policies related to the Healthy Living Core Program in British Columbia and Chronic Disease Prevention Standard in Ontario that are intended to prevent a range of chronic diseases by promoting healthy eating and physical activity, among other things.

Methods
Policy documents were found through Internet search engines and Ministry websites, at the guidance of policy experts. These included government documents as well as documents from non-governmental organizations that were implementing policies and programs at a provincial level. Documents (n = 31) were then analysed using thematic content analysis to classify, describe and compare policies in a systematic fashion, using the software NVivo.

Results
Three main categories emerged from the analysis of documents: 1) goals for chronic disease prevention in British Columbia and Ontario, 2) components of chronic disease prevention policies, and 3) expected outputs of chronic disease prevention interventions. Although there were many similarities between the two provinces, they differed somewhat in terms of their approach to issues such as evidence, equity, and policy components. Some expected outputs were adoption of healthy behaviours, use of information, healthy environments and increased public awareness.

Conclusions
The two provincial policies present different approaches to support the implementation of related programs. Differences may be related to contextual factors such as program delivery structures and different philosophical approaches underlying the two frameworks. These differences and possible explanations for them are important to understand because they serve to contextualize the differences in health outcomes across the two provinces that might eventually be observed. This analysis informs future public health policy directions as the two provinces can learn from each other.
ZnO nanoneedle/H2O solid-liquid heterojunction-based self-powered ultraviolet detector
Authors: Li Qinghao , Wei Lin , Xie Yanru , Zhang Kai , Liu Lei , Zhu Dapeng , Jiao Jun , Chen Yanxue , Yan Shishen , Liu Guolei , Mei Liangmo 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
ZnO nanoneedle arrays were grown vertically on a fluorine-doped tin oxide-coated glass by hydrothermal method at a relatively low temperature. A self-powered photoelectrochemical cell-type UV detector was fabricated using the ZnO nanoneedles as the active photoanode and H2O as the electrolyte. This solid-liquid heterojunction offers an enlarged ZnO/water contact area and a direct pathway for electron transport simultaneously. By connecting this UV photodetector to an ammeter, the intensity of UV light can be quantified using the output short-circuit photocurrent without a power source. High photosensitivity, excellent spectral selectivity, and fast photoresponse at zero bias are observed in this UV detector. The self-powered behavior can be well explained by the formation of a space charge layer near the interface of the solid-liquid heterojunction, which results in a built-in potential and makes the solid-liquid heterojunction work in photovoltaic mode.
Nanohybrid structure analysis and biomolecule release behavior of polysaccharide-CDHA drug carriers
Authors: Huang Li-Ying , Liu Ting-Yu , Liu Tse-Ying , Mevold Andreas , Hardiansyah Andri , Liao Hung-Chou , Lin Chin-Ching , Yang Ming-Chien 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Nanoscaled polymer composites were prepared from polysaccharide chitosan (CS) and Ca-deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA). CS-CDHA nanocomposites were synthesized by in situ precipitation at pH 9, and the CS-CDHA carriers were then fabricated by ionic cross-linking methods using tripolyphosphate and chemical cross-linking methods by glutaraldehyde and genipin. Certain biomolecules such as vitamin B12, cytochrome c, and bovine serum albumin were loaded into the CS-CDHA carriers, and their release behaviors were investigated. Furthermore, these CS-CDHA carriers were examined by transmission electron microscopy, electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis, and X-ray diffraction. The release behavior of the biomolecules was controlled by the CS/CDHA ratios and cross-linked agents. By increasing the concentration of CS and the concentration of the cross-linking agents, cross-linking within carriers increases, and the release rate of the biomolecules is decreased. Moreover, the release rate of the biomolecules from the CS-CDHA carriers at pH 4 was higher than that at pH 10, displaying a pH-sensitive behavior. Therefore, these CS-CDHA hydrogel beads may be useful for intelligent drug release and accelerate bone reconstruction.
Epidemiology and clinical features of rotavirus and norovirus infection among children in Ji’nan, China
Authors: Sai Lintao , Sun Jintang , Shao Lihua , Chen Shuai , Liu Haihong , Ma Lixian 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
Acute gastroenteritis caused by bacteria, virus and parasite is an important cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Rotavirus and norovirus have been recognized as the most common pathogens causing acute gastroenteritis among children. However, there is still no valuable data about infections of rotavirus and norovirus in children in Ji’nan, an eastern city in China. The aims of the present study are to determine the incidence of rotavirus and norovirus associated acute gastroenteritis in Ji’nan among children, to characterize rotavirus and norovirus strains circulating during this period; and to provide useful epidemiological and clinical data.

Methods
Fecal specimens and clinical data were collected from 767 children (502 outpatients and 265 inpatients) under 5 years of age with acute diarrhea at Shandong University Qilu Hospital and Qilu children’s Hospital in Ji’nan, China between February 2011 and January 2012. Virus RNA was extracted, amplified, electrophoresed, sequenced and phylogenetically analyzed to determine the prevalent genotypes. Chi-square and U test were used to compare characteristics of clinical manifestation in each group.

Results
Of the 767 specimens 263 (34.3%) were positive for rotavirus and 80 (10.4%) were positive for norovirus. Among 263 rotavirus positive cases, G3 (40.7%) was the most prevalent serotype, P[8] (46.8%) was the dominant genotype and G3P[8] (31.9%) was the most common combination. All of the norovirus strains belonged to GII genogroup including GII.3, GII.4 and GII.6, of which GII.4 (61.2%) was the predominant genotype. Phylogenetic analysis of the GII.4 sequences showed that 18 GII.4 strains belonged to GII.4 2004–2006 cluster and 31 GII.4 strains were divided into GII.4 2006b cluster. A peak number of rotavirus infections was observed during the cold season from November to next January. Higher rates of norovirus infections were detected from September to November. Most patients with rotavirus and norovirus associated diarrhea experienced vomiting (88.2% and 67.5%, respectively) and fever (79.1% and 46.3%, respectively).

Conclusions
The present study showed that rotavirus and norovirus were still the important causative agents of pediatric diarrhea in Ji’nan during this period.
Fahr’s syndrome: literature review of current evidence
Authors: Saleem Shafaq , Aslam Hafiz Muhammad , Anwar Maheen , Anwar Shahzad , Saleem Maria , Saleem Anum , Rehmani Muhammad Asim Khan 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Fahr’s disease or Fahr’s syndrome is a rare, neurological disorder characterized by abnormal calcified deposits in basal ganglia and cerebral cortex. Calcified deposits are made up of calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate, and are commonly located in the Basal Ganglia, Thalamus, Hippocampus, Cerebral cortex, Cerebellar Subcortical white matter and Dentate Nucleus. Molecular genetics of this disease haven’t been studied extensively; hence evidence at the molecular and genetic level is limited. Fahr’s disease commonly affects young to middle aged adults. Etiology of this syndrome does not identify a specific agent but associations with a number of conditions have been noted; most common of which are endocrine disorders, mitochondrial myopathies, dermatological abnormalities and infectious diseases. Clinical manifestations of this disease incorporate a wide variety of symptoms, ranging from neurological symptoms of extrapyramidal system to neuropsychiatric abnormalities of memory and concentration to movement disorders including Parkinsonism, chorea and tremors amongst others. Diagnostic criteria for this disease has been formulated after modifications from previous evidence and can be stated briefly, it consist of bilateral calcification of basal ganglia, progressive neurologic dysfunction, absence of biochemical abnormalities, absence of an infectious, traumatic or toxic cause and a significant family history. Imaging modalities for the diagnosis include CT, MRI, and plain radiography of skull. Other investigations include blood and urine testing for hematologic and biochemical indices. Disease is as yet incurable but management and treatment strategies mainly focus on symptomatic relief and eradication of causative factors; however certain evidence is present to suggest that early diagnosis and treatment can reverse the calcification process leading to complete recovery of mental functions. Families with a known history of Fahr’s disease should be counseled prior to conception so that the birth of affected babies can be prevented. This review was written with the aim to remark on the current substantial evidence surrounding this disease.
Walking the interactome to identify human miRNA-disease associations through the functional link between miRNA targets and disease genes
Authors: Shi Hongbo , Xu Juan , Zhang Guangde , Xu Liangde , Li Chunquan , Wang Li , Zhao Zheng , Jiang Wei , Guo Zheng , Li Xia 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important post-transcriptional regulators that have been demonstrated to play an important role in human diseases. Elucidating the associations between miRNAs and diseases at the systematic level will deepen our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of diseases. However, miRNA-disease associations identified by previous computational methods are far from completeness and more effort is needed.

Results
We developed a computational framework to identify miRNA-disease associations by performing random walk analysis, and focused on the functional link between miRNA targets and disease genes in protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks. Furthermore, a bipartite miRNA-disease network was constructed, from which several miRNA-disease co-regulated modules were identified by hierarchical clustering analysis. Our approach achieved satisfactory performance in identifying known cancer-related miRNAs for nine human cancers with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) ranging from 71.3% to 91.3%. By systematically analyzing the global properties of the miRNA-disease network, we found that only a small number of miRNAs regulated genes involved in various diseases, genes associated with neurological diseases were preferentially regulated by miRNAs and some immunological diseases were associated with several specific miRNAs. We also observed that most diseases in the same co-regulated module tended to belong to the same disease category, indicating that these diseases might share similar miRNA regulatory mechanisms.

Conclusions
In this study, we present a computational framework to identify miRNA-disease associations, and further construct a bipartite miRNA-disease network for systematically analyzing the global properties of miRNA regulation of disease genes. Our findings provide a broad perspective on the relationships between miRNAs and diseases and could potentially aid future research efforts concerning miRNA involvement in disease pathogenesis.
Structural and functional alterations in photosynthetic apparatus of plants under cadmium stress
Authors: Parmar Pooja , Kumari Nilima , Sharma Vinay 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Cadmium is a potentially toxic heavy metal that hampers plant productivity by interfering with their photochemistry. Cd causes disturbances in a range of physiological processes of plants such as photosynthesis, water relations, ion metabolism and mineral uptake. Cd pronouncedly affects photosynthesis by alteration of its vital machinery in all aspects. Photosynthesis is a well organised and sequential process fundamental to all green plants and microorganisms which involves various components, including photosynthetic pigments and photosystems, the electron transport system and CO2 reduction pathways. Any damage at any level caused by Cd, critically affects overall photosynthetic capacity. Present review focuses on key effects of Cd on photosynthetic apparatus including chloroplast structure, photosynthetic pigments, Chl-protein complexes and photosystems resulting in overall decrease in efficiency of carbon assimilation pathway.
Environmental assessment of residues generated after consecutive acid-base pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse by advanced oxidative process
Authors: Oliveira Ivy dos Santos , Chandel Anuj K , Silva Messias Borges , da Silva Silvio Silvério 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
Biofuels produced from sugarcane bagasse (SB) have shown promising results as a suitable alternative of gasoline. Biofuels provide unique, strategic, environmental and socio-economic benefits. However, production of biofuels from SB has negative impact on environment due to the use of harsh chemicals during pretreatment. Consecutive sulfuric acid-sodium hydroxide pretreatment of SB is an effective process which eventually ameliorates the accessibility of cellulase towards cellulose for the sugars production. Alkaline hydrolysate of SB is black liquor containing high amount of dissolved lignin.

Results
This work evaluates the environmental impact of residues generated during the consecutive acid-base pretreatment of SB. Advanced oxidative process (AOP) was used based on photo-Fenton reaction mechanism (Fenton Reagent/UV). Experiments were performed in batch mode following factorial design L9 (Taguchi orthogonal array design of experiments), considering the three operation variables: temperature (°C), pH, Fenton Reagent (Fe2+/H2O2) + ultraviolet. Reduction of total phenolics (TP) and total organic carbon (TOC) were responsive variables. Among the tested conditions, experiment 7 (temperature, 35°C; pH, 2.5; Fenton reagent, 144 ml H2O2+153 ml Fe2+; UV, 16W) revealed the maximum reduction in TP (98.65%) and TOC (95.73%). Parameters such as chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), BOD/COD ratio, color intensity and turbidity also showed a significant change in AOP mediated lignin solution than the native alkaline hydrolysate.

Conclusion
AOP based on Fenton Reagent/UV reaction mechanism showed efficient removal of TP and TOC from sugarcane bagasse alkaline hydrolysate (lignin solution). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on statistical optimization of the removal of TP and TOC from sugarcane bagasse alkaline hydrolysate employing Fenton reagent mediated AOP process.
“Un Nouveau ’93”: Discourses of Mimicry and Terror in the Paris Commune of 1871
Authors: Chang Dominica 
Published: October 2013

This article examines the delegitimizing effects of the discourse of terrorist revolutionary mimicry during the 1871 Paris Commune. During the conflict, spirits of the 1793 Terror were repeatedly invoked for inspiration. Yet while the rhetoric of enacting “un nouveau ’93” (a new ’93) was common in the public political sphere, dissenting voices challenged the paradigm of historical repetition and warned of the political dangers of appearing slavishly tied to an outdated and repressive revolutionary model. The situation culminated in the proposal of a new Committee of Public Safety, causing a divisive ideological debate focused on the creation and appellation of an executive body with the power to “make heads roll.” The question of revolutionary mimicry, especially when linked to images of the Terror, shaped not only how nineteenth-century French revolutions were represented and judged but also how they were performed.
Dans cet article, j’examine les effets dé-légitimisateurs du discours du mimétisme révolutionnaire-terroriste pendant la Commune de Paris de 1871, conflit pendant lequel les esprits de la Terreur ont souvent été invoqués comme source d’inspiration. Bien que la rhétorique d’un « nouveau ’93 » fût d’un usage courant dans la sphère publique, des voix dissidentes sont finalement apparues pour contester le paradigme de l’imitation historique et pour signaler les dangers politiques inhérents au mimétisme irréfléchi des modèles répressifs et dépassés. Cette situation est arrivée à un point critique avec le débat sur la proposition et l’appellation d’un nouveau Comité de salut public, ayant le pouvoir exécutif de « faire tomber les têtes des traîtres ». Je soutiens, alors, que le discours du mimétisme révolutionnaire, surtout quand il était lié aux images de la Terreur de 1793, a influencé non seulement la façon dont les révolutions du dix-neuvième siècle en France ont été représentées et jugées, mais surtout comment elles ont été exécutées.
Dispositioned intimacy
Authors: Grant Stuart 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
This article addresses fundamental issues raised by a site-specific performance research project conducted by two dancers on rush hour trains and station platforms. Emerging from this moving, fleeting environment, characterized by a placiality and temporality of passingness, this project highlights questions of relationships between intimacy, time, place and movement. These questions are addressed using Martin Buber’s philosophy of the primacy of the I–You relation and Edward S. Casey’s schema of the co-constitution of place and self through the body. Although the rush hour train is a very specific and limited environment, the precariousness of its inhabitation serves to reveal something of the basic processes by which emplacement and intimacy take hold. Site-based performance generally explores place in its endurance and rootedness. These performances in trains reveal place in its slow tenuousness rather than in its apparent obduracy.
Dancing with myself, oh oh oh
Authors: Ellis Simon 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
This writing is an attempt to draw together a number of diverse ideas about information, curation, friendship and identity, and to consider these in relation to experiences of dancing on and around screens. Much of the writing might be thought of as playfully experimental, and in it I reflect on what it is like to be a choreographer in this rapidly changing time, and how technology might be valued, abandoned, questioned and even used as a tool for listening. As a choreographic artist working amongst the eclecticism and noise of contemporary dance influences and practices, I propose that acts and experiences of solitude and silence might help us make sense of the complex choreography of our social and artistic lives.