bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Milk output and composition in mice divergently selected for BMR
Authors: Sadowska Julita , Gebczynski Andrzej K. , Paszko Katarzyna , Konarzewski Marek 
Published: December 2014

AbstractFrom an evolutionary perspective, the high basal metabolic rate (BMR) of homeotherms is hypothesised to be a by-product of natural selection for effective parental care. We estimated the daily milk output during two consecutive lactation bouts in mice divergently selected for high/low BMR and applied a cross-fostered design to control for potential differences in the between-line suckling abilities of nursed juveniles. Additionally, to remedy the potential limitation imposed by the ability of mother mice to dissipate excess heat, we exposed them to an ambient temperature of 17°C during the most energetically demanding second week of lactation. We found that the mice selected for high BMR produced significantly more milk in a 24 hour period in both reproductive bouts. The milk samples obtained from the high BMR females had lower protein concentration and did not differ with respect to fat. On the other hand, the concentration of the primary milk carbohydrate - lactose, was higher. Although all the above between-line differences were statistically significant, their magnitude was too small to unambiguously ascribe them as stemming from a positive genetic correlation between the physiological traits underlying BMR and lactation performance. Nevertheless, our study lends such support at least at the level of phenotypic variation.
Nitric oxide production and sequestration in the sinus gland of the green shore crab, Carcinus maneas
Authors: Pitts Natalie L. , Mykles Donald L. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Molting in decapod crustaceans is regulated by molt-inhibiting hormone (MIH), a neuropeptide produced in the X-organ (XO)/sinus gland (SG) complex of the eyestalk ganglia (ESG). Pulsatile release of MIH from the SG suppresses ecdysteroidogenesis by the molting gland or Y-organ (YO). The hypothesis is that nitric oxide (NO), a neuromodulator that controls neurotransmitter release at presynaptic membranes, depresses the frequency and/or amount of MIH pulses to induce molting. NO synthase (NOS) mRNA was present in Carcinus maneas ESG and other tissues and NOS protein was present in the SG. A copper based ligand (CuFL), which reacts with NO to form a highly fluorescent product (NO-FL), was used to image NO in the ESG and SG and quantify the effects of NO scavenger (1 mM cPTIO), NOS inhibitor (1 mM L-NAME), and 1 mM sodium azide (NaN3) on NO production in the SG. Preincubation with cPTIO prior to CuFL loading decreased NO-FL fluorescence ~30%; including L-NAME had no additional effect. Incubating SG with L-NAME during preincubation and loading decreased NO-FL fluorescence ~40%, indicating that over half of the NO release was not directly dependent on NOS activity. Azide, which reacts with NO-binding metal groups in proteins, reduced NO-FL fluorescence to near background levels without extensive cell death. Spectral shift analysis showed that azide displaced NO from a soluble protein in SG extract. These data suggest that the SG contains NO-binding protein(s) that sequester NO and releases it over a prolonged period. This NO release may modulate neuropeptide secretion from the axon termini in the SG.
Use of Tutorial Technologies in Teachers’ Work
Authors: Чаганова  , Chaganova L. 
Published: December 2014

Modern technologies in education are considered as a
means to facilitate new educational paradigm implementation.
Innovative tutorial techniques are actively introduced to the educational
process. Modern educational system provides teachers with
the opportunity to choose out of the whole range of innovative
techniques, one, which is most appealing to him/her personally
and to reassess his own professional experience. It is especially
actual today that the teachers rethink their professional posture,
recognize the purpose of changes introduced and above all, change
personally — these are indispensable prerequisites for giving successful
lessons at school.
Project Activities in Preschool Educational Institutions
Authors: Гаврилова  , Gavrilova A. 
Published: December 2014

Method of projects is a set of educational and cognitive
techniques that allow learners to solve problems autonomously, as
a result of independent actions, with the obligatory presentation of
results obtained. Project-based method is broadly recognized as the
optimal, innovative and promising in the work with preschoolers
and as the author states, should have a proper place in the system
of preschool education.
Health-Saving Technologies at a Preschool Institution
Authors: Алиева  , Alieva S. 
Published: December 2014

Good health and health conservation are among the most
actual issues as of today. Health-saving technologies designed for
preschool educational institutions are aimed to achieve the most
important goal of preschool education — to conserve, promote and
enhance health of kindergarten educational process subjects: the
children themselves, as well as kindergarten teachers and parents.
Problem of Municipalities’ Dependence on Subsidies and Ways of Solving It
Authors: Курьян  , Kuryan S. 
Published: December 2014

In this article author provides an analysis of the problem
of subsidies to municipalities and the existing system of tax revenues
to local budgets. Particular attention is given to the place of personal
income tax in the system of tax collections, budget reallocation
of funds for fiscal equalization among settlements. Author
suggests possible ways of solving the problem.
F. Poletayev and Italian Resistance Movement
Authors: Бычков  , Bychkov Maksim 
Published: December 2014

The article considers participation of Soviet soldiers in
the Italian Resistance on the example of Fyodor Poletayev. The
guerrilla movement which began in Italy is analyzed in the context
of the General history of the country in the 1920–1940-s. The
fascist regime did not have a wide social base. Despite the apparent
inability of the anti-fascist political parties and movements to agree
among themselves and to take radical action to overthrow it, Italian
people have been able to boldly speak out against it. This is reflected
in rapid development of partisan movement, which despite
harsh repression by German occupiers and their Italian allies was
able to conduct intensive work on the liberation of Italy. Soviet
soldiers fought among them. This topic was raised in Soviet historical
and political literature, but has unfortunately dropped out
of public attention recently and therefore requires a sort of resuscitation.
This theme allows identifying the complexity, the diversity
of problems faced by the people of the Soviet Union, and at
the same time shows the role and importance of a common man
on the background of global events.
Issues of Social and Economic Development of Siberian Village of the Early XX Century in Works of V.G. Tyukavkin
Authors: Иванцова  , Ivantsova N. 
Published: December 2014

The article analyzes the early works of famous Professor
V.G. Tyukavkin. In particular, it reveals issues of research methodology,
presents the conceptual vision of the problems of social and
economic development of Siberian village of the early twentieth
century. V.G. Tyukavkin was a supporter of the theory of a sufficiently
high level of development of productive forces in agriculture
of Siberia. Analyzing the questions of land tenure, land use, farming
systems, cooperation, differentiation of the Siberian peasantry,
he within the dominant methodology concludes that the region ripe
for revolution. The article at the same time shows impartiality of
the researcher, who, despite existing views, studied a vast array of
dataand showed that Siberia had been turned into a granary of
Russia demonstrating high performance and European quality (and
oftensurpassed it, i.e. in oil production). The author for the first
time in Soviet historiography raised the question of new forms of
the organization of peasant production in Siberia – cooperation.
Indoor place categorization based on adaptive partitioning of texture histograms
Authors: Eberhardt Sven 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
How can we localize ourselves within a building solely using visual information, i.e., when no data about prior location or movement are available? Here, we define place categorization as a set of three distinct image classification tasks for view matching, location matching, and room matching. We present a novel image descriptor built on texture statistics and dynamic image partitioning that can be used to solve all tested place classification tasks. We benchmark the descriptor by assessing performance of regularization on our own dataset as well as the established Indoor Environment under Changing conditionS dataset, which varies lighting condition, location, and viewing angle on photos taken within an office building. We show improvement on both the datasets against a number of baseline algorithms.
Postpartum diagnosis of a spontaneous rupture of an unscarred uterus with expulsion of omentum vaginally
Authors: Atis Alev , Acar Deniz , Alpay Verda , Atalay Aysegul , Yüceer Aydan 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Spontaneous rupture of an unscarred uterus is an obstetrical emergency. Its diagnosis is often concealed, leading to maternal and foetal mortality. Many risk factors and clinical presentations have been identified. In this case report, we describe postpartum diagnosed uterine rupture in a multigravid woman with a very rare presentation of vaginal omental expression and discuss appropriate management of this presentation.
Influence of silver nanoparticles on post-surgical wound healing following topical application
Authors: Chowdhury Sushovan , De Munmun , Guha Rajdeep , Batabyal Subhasis , Samanta Indranil , Hazra Samir Kumar , Ghosh Tamal Kanti , Konar Aditya , Hazra Sarbani 
Published: December 2014

AbstractPrevention of surgical site infection and wound dehiscence are imperative and also challenging in clinical practice. This study examines the healing response of laparotomy wounds following application of silver nanoparticles.Dermal fibroblasts were exposed to incremential doses of silver nanoparticles and its effect on collagen synthesis and cytotoxicity was assessed. Laparotomy surgery was performed on rabbits and the operation site was treated topically either with silver nanoparticle once, or once daily for 14 days or with vehicle. Healing response and local tissue reaction was evaluated clinically by histopathology and scanning electron microscopy (SEM); microbial load on the operation site was assessed. Clinical tests and histopathology were performed to assess systemic toxicity.Silver nanoparticles increased collagen expression from dermal fibroblasts and longer time exposure increased caspase 3 expression and produced cyotoxic effect with an IC50 of 0.16 mg/mL. Daily treatment of operation sites resulted in increased collagen deposition and improved wound healing, microbial load was reduced. Although a sub dermal edema was evident in histopathology, SEM showed normal architecture of cells with infiltration of lymphocytes. There was no systemic toxicity.Silver nanoparticles exhibit a positive influence on wound healing but its effect on local tissue remains a concern.
Study on Effective Radial Thermal Conductivity of Gas Flow through a Methanol Reactor
Authors: Lei Kun , Ma Hongfang , Zhang Haitao , Ying Weiyong , Fang Dingye 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The heat conduction performance of the methanol synthesis reactor is significant for the development of large-scale methanol production. The present work has measured the temperature distribution in the fixed bed at air volumetric flow rate 2.4–7 m3 · h−1, inlet air temperature 160–200°C and heating tube temperature 210–270°C. The effective radial thermal conductivity and effective wall heat transfer coefficient were derived based on the steady-state measurements and the two-dimensional heat transfer model. A correlation was proposed based on the experimental data, which related well the Nusselt number and the effective radial thermal conductivity to the particle Reynolds number ranging from 59.2 to 175.8. The heat transfer model combined with the correlation was used to calculate the temperature profiles. A comparison with the predicated temperature and the measurements was illustrated and the results showed that the predication agreed very well with the experimental results. All the absolute values of the relative errors were less than 10%, and the model was veriﬁed by experiments. Comparing the correlations of both this work with previously published showed that there are considerable discrepancies among them due to different experimental conditions. The influence of the particle Reynolds number on the temperature distribution inside the bed was also discussed and it was shown that improving particle Reynolds number contributed to enhance heat transfer in the fixed bed.
Human Skin Color Detection Using Neural Networks
Authors: Hajiarbabi Mohammadreza , Agah Arvin 
Published: December 2014

AbstractHuman skin detection is an essential phase in face detection and face recognition when using color images. Skin detection is very challenging because of the differences in illumination, differences in photos taken using an assortment of cameras with their own characteristics, range of skin colors due to different ethnicities, and other variations. Numerous methods have been used for human skin color detection, including the Gaussian model, rule-based methods, and artificial neural networks. In this article, we introduce a novel technique of using the neural network to enhance the capabilities of skin detection. Several different entities were used as inputs of a neural network, and the pros and cons of different color spaces are discussed. Also, a vector was used as the input to the neural network that contains information from three different color spaces. The comparison of the proposed technique with existing methods in this domain illustrates the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed approach. Tests were done on two databases, and the results show that the neural network has better precision and accuracy rate, as well as comparable recall and specificity, compared with other methods.
Unexpected Links between Baby Markets and Intergenerational Justice
Authors: Ertman Martha M. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Intergenerational justice does not require increased government regulation of reproductive technologies in the United States. Arguments tarring reproductive technologies as unnatural or immoral fail to withstand close scrutiny, and moreover ignore competing moral concerns like the liberty and equality of people to form families in different ways, as well as the interests of children born via assisted reproduction in having their families recognized just as coitally conceived children’s families are recognized. Embryo markets, in contrast, might present different challenges, requiring a separate analysis of their potential impact on intergenerational justice.
Intergenerational Justice and the “Hereditary Principle”
Authors: Penner J.E. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Is it possible to justify the passing of property rights from one generation to the next, and the acquisition of citizenship rights, on the basis of inheritance? This paper raises two considerations which indicate that typical luck egalitarian arguments against the operation of any “hereditary principle” in the intergenerational succession of economic and political rights are not conclusive. Both considerations concern autonomy. The concept of inheritance can be seen to be justified when the social connectedness of individuals is appreciated – inheritance reflects the embeddedness of individuals in the lives and projects of others both in the past and in the future. So while there may be good liberal reasons to reject inheritance as a mode of property succession, for example that it might perpetuate or initiate unequal distributions, these do not begin to suggest that nothing can be said in its favor, morally speaking, if the autonomy of individuals is understood to be situated in particular social structures. A similar case can be made for the claim that rights to citizenship are best seen as reflecting a “duty to govern”; those most embedded in the life-ways of a community would appear to be best placed to shoulder this duty. Finally, the paper considers an argument from “familiarity,” which suggests that it is not wrong to favor to some extent individuals whose genetic and cultural characteristics reflect one’s own, and concludes that such a consideration can play a role in justifying to some extent the justification of a “hereditary principle.”
Ehre, Schwerter und das Recht. Zweikämpfe im alten Island
Authors: Wetzler Sixt 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIn medieval Europe, ritualized forms of duelling were not restricted to the continent’s central regions. The North Germanic areas had developed similar practices. The best source material for the phenomenon stems from Iceland. After a short introduction to the peculiarities of the early Icelandic political system, this article will briefly discuss the possibilities and problems of a scientific approach towards the history of Iceland’s first centuries. Then, after an outline of the dominant concepts of personal and family honour and fortune at this time, the paper’s main part will provide insight into specific Old Icelandic forms of duelling – especially the
Selectivity of lipases for estolides synthesis
Authors: Todea Anamaria , Otten Linda G. , Frissen August E. , Arends Isabel W.C.E. , Peter Francisc , Boeriu Carmen G. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Lipase-catalyzed synthesis of estolides starting from different saturated (C16 16OH, C18 12OH) and unsaturated (C18:1 9 cis 12-OH) hydroxy-fatty acids was investigated. For this reason, the catalytic efficiency of several native and immobilized lipases in different organic reaction media at temperatures up to 75 °C was studied. The formation of mono- and di-lactone as well as estolide’s chain elongation depends on the type and source of lipase. The lipase from Pseudomonas stutzeri immobilized by cross-linking as cross-linked enzymes aggregates (CLEAs) was the best biocatalyst in terms of chain elongation. Estolides with polymerization degree up to 10 were obtained at substrate conversions higher than 80 %.
The Late Neolithic Michelsberg culture – just ramparts and ditches? A supraregional comparison of agricultural and environmental data
Authors: Kreuz Angela , Märkle Tanja , Marinova Elena , Rösch Manfred , Schäfer Eva , Schamuhn Silke , Zerl Tanja 
Published: December 2014

Der archäobotanische Forschungsstand zur Michelsberger und zur Bischheimer Kultur (5./4. Jahrtausend BC) wurde zusammengetragen und in Zusammenhang mit archäologischen, klimatologischen und biologischen Daten diskutiert. Verglichen mit Bischheim und dem Mittelneolithikum hat die Michelsberger Kultur ein reduziertes Kulturpflanzenspektrum genutzt, mit einem Schwerpunkt bei Getreideanbau. Die Herkunft des tetraploiden Nacktweizens konnte dabei noch nicht abschließend geklärt werden. Möglicherweise wurde der Anbau von Öl-/Faserpflanzen aufgegeben. Dieses reduzierte Michelsberger Spektrum findet sich interessanterweise etwas später analog im Verbreitungsgebiet der Trichterbecherkultur und bei den neolithischen Fundstellen auf den britischen Inseln. Klimatische Ursachen sind dafür wohl nicht als ursächlich anzusehen. Stattdessen könnte es sich nach den vegetationsgeschichtlichen und archäozoologischen Ergebnissen um eine kulturelle Entscheidung zu einem Landwirtschaftssystem mit Schwerpunkt bei der Viehzucht handeln.Les données carpologiques issues des sites de la culture Michelsberg et du complexe culturel de Bischheim (5The archaeobotanical state of research from sites of the Michelsberg and the Bischheim culture (5
Touchstones and mercury at Hedeby
Authors: Ježek Martin , Holub Milan 
Published: December 2014

Im Beitrag werden wikingerzeitliche, als Grabbeigaben überlieferte Steinartefakte – Probiersteine – aus Haithabu behandelt. Chemische Mikroanalysen der Steinoberflächen wurden durchgeführt und Spuren von Metall entdeckt. Dabei handelt es sich um auch andernorts auf Probiersteinen identifizierte Metalle, es fanden sich jedoch auch Hinweise, die auf Amalgamierung des Messings deuten, was als Fingerzeig für die Verwendung von Quecksilber gewertet wird.Dans cet article nous considérons une sélection d’objets de pierre provenant de sépultures du site de Hedeby, datant de l’époque viking. Nous présentons les résultats d’analyses microchimiques effectuées sur les traces de métal retrouvées à la surface de ces objets. Mis à part les métaux qui ont régulièrement été identifiés sur les pierres de touche, un objet a également révélé des indices d’un amalgame de laiton. Ainsi nous nous penchons aussi sur la question de la présence du mercure à Hedeby.This article considers selected stone artefacts from graves at the Viking Age site of Hedeby. It aims to present the results of chemical microanalyses of metal traces preserved on their surface. Besides the metals that were regularly identified on touchstones, one artefact showed signs of a brass amalgam. For this reason the authors also examine the question of the occurrence of mercury at Hedeby.
Meteorology I.3 340b6–10: An ambiguous passage
Authors: Baksa István 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAristotle’s cosmology divides his finite, spherical universe into two main parts: the sublunary and the supralunary world. The former reaches from the middle of the Earth to the sphere of the Moon and is a domain of constant change, as the four sublunary elements, earth, water, air and fire endlessly change into one another. The latter starts with the sphere of the Moon and ends at the edge of the cosmos, that is, with the sphere of the fixed stars. There is only one element in this realm, the one that Aristotle calls the “first element” – an unchangeable, imperishable principle that guarantees the everlasting motion of heavenly bodies.There is, however, a short passage in the
A nonparametric model for spot price dynamics and pricing of futures contracts in electricity markets
Authors: Ignatieva Katja 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis paper deals with the estimation of continuous time diffusion processes describing the dynamics of electricity spot prices. Different parametric models have been proposed in the literature, each attempting to capture empirical characteristics and stylized facts of the electricity market like the spiky behavior of the spot prices. Although jump-diffusion and regime-switching models perform reasonably well, there is always a trade-off between model parsimony and adequacy. The results in the literature indicate that none of the models seem to consistently outperform its counterparts. This paper avoids making parametric assumption about the drift and the diffusion coefficient functions of the underlying electricity spot prices, and estimates these functions together with the market price of risk in a nonparametric way. The latter allows us to price futures contracts written on electricity spots. Using electricity spot prices and futures data from the regional electricity markets in Australia, we show that besides offering a convenient way of estimating the continuous-time models for electricity spot prices, our nonparametric estimation procedure performs well in- and out-of-sample when dealing with pricing of future contracts.