bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A widespread metabolic gene cluster family in metazoans
Authors: Moore Bradley , Grayson Natalie , Scesa Paul , Moore Malia , Ledoux Jean-Baptiste , Gomez-Garrido Jessica , Alioto Tyler , Michael Todd , Burkhardt Immo , Schmidt Eric 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Octocorals are unique among metazoans in their prolific production of bioactive terpenoid natural products that rival the chemical diversity of plants and microbes. We recently established that these cnidarians uniformly express terpene cyclases and that their encoding genes often reside within putative biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), a feature uncommon in animal genomes. In this work, we report the discovery and characterization of a widespread gene cluster family for the biosynthesis of briarane diterpenoids that number over 700 molecules specific to the Scleralcyonaceans, one of the two octocoral orders. We sequenced five genomes from evolutionarily distinct families of briarane-producing octocorals to complement three publicly available briarane-producing coral genomes, enabling the discovery of a conserved five-gene cluster composed of a terpene cyclase, three cytochrome P450s, and a short-chain dehydrogenase. Using Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae as hosts and homologous briarane biosynthesis genes from eight corals, we reconstituted the biosynthesis of cembrene B γ-lactone, which contains the γ-lactone structural feature distinctive of briarane diterpenoids. The discovery of the genomic basis of briarane biosynthesis establishes that animals, like microbes and plants, employ gene cluster families to produce specialized metabolites. Further, the presence of BGCs in octocoral proves that the formation and maintenance of BGCs over evolutionary time is a more widespread phenomenon in specialized metabolite biosynthesis than previously realized.
SAVANA: reliable analysis of somatic structural variants and copy number aberrations in clinical samples using long-read sequencing
Authors: Cortés-Ciriano Isidro , Elrick Hillary , Sauer Carolin , Valle-Inclan Jose Espejo , Trevers Katherine , Tanguy Melanie , Zumalave Sonia , De Noon Solange , Muyas Francesc , Cascao Rita , Afonso Angela , Amary Fernanda , Tirabosco Roberto , Giess Adam , Freeman Timothy , Sosinsky Alona , Piculell Katherine , Miller David , Faria Claudia , Elgar Greg , Flanagan Adrienne 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Accurate detection of somatic structural variants (SVs) and copy number aberrations (SCNAs) is critical to inform the diagnosis and treatment of human cancers. Here, we describe SAVANA, a computationally efficient algorithm designed for the joint analysis of somatic SVs, SCNAs, tumour purity and ploidy using long-read sequencing data. SAVANA relies on machine learning to distinguish true somatic SVs from artefacts and provide prediction errors for individual SVs. Using high-depth Illumina and nanopore whole-genome sequencing data for 99 human tumours and matched normal samples, we establish best practices for benchmarking SV detection algorithms across the entire genome in an unbiased and data-driven manner using simulated and sequencing replicates of tumour and matched normal samples. SAVANA shows significantly higher sensitivity, and 9- and 59-times higher specificity than the second and third-best performing algorithms, yielding orders of magnitude fewer false positives in comparison to existing long-read sequencing tools across various clonality levels, genomic regions, SV types and SV sizes. In addition, SAVANA harnesses long-range phasing information to detect somatic SVs and SCNAs at single-haplotype resolution. SVs reported by SAVANA are highly consistent with those detected using short-read sequencing, including complex events causing oncogene amplification and tumour suppressor gene inactivation. In summary, SAVANA enables the application of long-read sequencing to detect SVs and SCNAs reliably in clinical samples.
Aza-[4+2]-cycloaddition of benzocyclobutenones into isoquinolinone derivatives enabled by photoinduced regio-specific C–C bond cleavage
Authors: Feng Xiaoming , Yang Liangkun , Li Shiyang , Zhao Hansen , Zhou Liang , Cao Weidi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The activation of C−C bond of benzocyclobutenones under mild reaction conditions remains a challenge. We herein report a photoinduced catalyst-free regio-specific C1−C8 bond cleavage of benzocyclobutenones, enabling the generation of versatile ortho-quinoid ketene methides for aza-[4 + 2]-cycloaddition with imines, which offers a facile route to isoquinolinone derivatives, including seven family members of protoberberine alkaloids, gusanlung A, B, D, 8-oxotetrahydroplamatine, tetrahydrothalifendine, tetrahydropalmatine, and xylopinine. Furthermore, the catalytic enantioselective version of this strategy was realized by merging synergistic photocatalysis and chiral Lewis acid catalysis. Mechanistic studies provided compelling evidence to rationalize the photoisomerization/cycloaddition cascade process.
Generative artificial intelligence in education: an umbrella review of applications and challenges
Authors: Namoun Abdallah , Ibrahim Isa Ali , Mustafa Ehzaz , Alrehaili Ahmed , Tufail Ali , Shuja Junaid , Bilal Kashif 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Multimodal generative artificial intelligence is revolutionizing critical domains, including education, healthcare, business, and entertainment. This article presents a comprehensive umbrella review of prominent surveys, reviews, and SLRs on advances in generative AI in teaching and learning, synthesizing its applications, benefits, challenges, and implications. We applied the systematic literature review (SLR) protocol and PRISMA framework to guide our search methodology and screen the relevant studies to ensure accuracy and replicability and reduce bias. We searched three popular academic databases, namely Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, screening 451 candidate articles published between 2020 and 2024. From these, we identified 46 relevant GenAI reviews in education. Our investigation of the reviews answered five research questions covering the academic disciplines adopting generative AI, applications of large multimodal models in education, their impact on student performance, their impact on teaching and assessment, and overarching challenges. Recent trends showed China and the USA as leading publishers of GenAI reviews, ChatGPT as the most popular GenAI tool used in education, and text as the primary modality of interaction among students and teachers. Several reviews explored the application of generative AI in multiple academic disciplines instead of a single domain. Students use GenAI tools to understand complex notions, learn foreign languages, improve writing skills, prepare for assessments, and enhance engagement. However, teachers apply GenAI tools to develop course materials, improve pedagogical methods, design various assessments, evaluate learning outcomes, and provide personalized feedback. We conclude our umbrella review by presenting a taxonomy of challenges impeding the adoption of multimodal generative AI in teaching and learning. Key issues of GenAI include academic dishonesty, negative impacts on critical thinking skills, integration with traditional teaching philosophies, and lack of emotional intelligence in generative AI platforms.
Independent yet simultaneous sensing of pressure and temperature from nostril airflow for ultrasensitive respiratory monitoring
Authors: Liu Zhenzhen , Liu Tao , Wu Qinan , Liu Huansheng , Zhao Xiyang , Yi Xin , Liu Jing , Nong Zhenzhen , Zhou Bingpu , Wang Qingwen 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Accurately detection of nostril airflow is vital for real-time respiratory monitoring. However, the developed methods only rely on single stimulus sensing for nostril airflow, which is extremely susceptible to interference in the complexed environment, and severely affects the accuracy of detection results. Here, a multimodal integrated eutectogel sensor was explored to simultaneously sense the pressure and temperature stimuli of nostril airflow, via independently outputting capacitance and resistance, respectively, yet without cross-coupling. The completely physical crosslinking and the synergistic interaction of HAp and tannic acid (TA) within the network endow this eutectogel with extremely low modulus, remarkable self-healing efficiency, robust adhesion, excellent environmental stability and bio-compatibility. By integrating this synthetic eutectogel with circuit design, a multimodal sensor was developed, which exhibited superior pressure sensitivity to other reported gel-based sensors. As a proof of concept, this sensor was further explored to diagnose a traditional respiratory disease of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) via simultaneously detecting five kinds of stimuli in the sleeping process, greatly improving the accuracy and reliability of the detection results. This work provides a highly effective strategy for achieving ultrasensitive respiratory monitoring and forecasting respiratory diseases.
Memory Loss and Missteps: Investigating Fall Risks in Alzheimer's and Dementia Patients
Authors: Namoos  , Thomson Nicholas , Bradley RN Sarah , Rudderman MSW Amanda , Aboutanos MPH Michel 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background: Degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and dementia are significant health concerns among older adults in the United States, contributing substantially to the high incidence of falls in this population. This study aims to investigate the incidence and prevalence of falls among older adults diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease and dementia and explore the association between these conditions and the occurrence of traumatic brain injuries (TBIs).
Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from 17,000 older adults aged 65 and above, arrived to the hospital with fall related injuries, obtained from the TriNetX network at Virginia Commonwealth University Health System (VCUHS) between January 1, 2019, and December 31, 2023. Data included demographic information, diagnosis codes (ICD-10), and details on falls, Alzheimer's disease, dementia, and TBIs. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses were performed using TriNetX analytical tools.
Results: The study revealed that older adults with Alzheimer's disease (incidence proportion: 3.11%, prevalence: 4.81%) and dementia (incidence proportion: 12.46%, prevalence: 17.06%) had a significantly higher incidence of falls compared to those without these conditions. Females showed a slightly higher incidence of falls than males. Logistic regression analysis indicated that patients with Alzheimer's disease had a reduced risk of TBIs (OR=0.765, 95% CI: 0.588-0.996, p=0.047), while those with unspecified dementia had an increased risk (OR=1.161, 95% CI: 1.002-1.346, p=0.047).
Conclusions: Our study reveals a higher risk of falls and traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) in older adults with dementia compared to Alzheimer's disease. These findings underscore the need for targeted fall prevention strategies and educational programs for caregivers. Refining risk assessment tools and implementing evidence-based interventions can enhance patient safety and improve outcomes for older adults with cognitive impairments.
Knowledge Sharing vs. Knowledge Appropriation: A Case Study of Contingent Relationship in the Role of Boundary Spanners in Asian Subsidiaries of Japanese Multi-National Enterprises
Authors: Hayashi Takashi , Yumoto Yuji , Hara Masatoshi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

In recent decades, Asian subsidiaries of Japanese manufacturing MNEs have faced heightened competitions from local firms to underscore the strategic importance of developing competent “host country nationals” (HCNs) to overcome their liability of foreignness. In addition, in recent literature on global MNEs, the importance of “boundary spanners” (BSs) has been pointed out in facilitating knowledge sharing across intra-organizational boundaries. Given these discussions, this study focuses on an interesting contingent relationship in the role of BSs observed in author’s interviews. i.e., In cases of “bad BSs,” “knowledge appropriation” can take place where newly promoted HCNs would monopolize their knowledge and information, and the mitigating processes of notion gap problem in grey areas management are heavily stagnated. Whereas in cases of “good BSs,” “knowledge sharing” would take place where newly promoted HCNs would be willing to share them with other members, and the mitigating processes of the notion gap problem are steadily progressed. The study proposes a framework illustrating conditions under which HCNs choose knowledge sharing over appropriation. The analysis identifies two key factors influencing this choice: dependence on personal skills and prospects for growth opportunities. The findings suggest a dynamic relationship where knowledge sharing leads to effective control and efficient knowledge transfer, fostering virtuous cycles, while knowledge appropriation results in inefficiencies, creating vicious cycles. The study calls for further research on dynamic aspects of this contingent relationship and suggests practical strategies for shifting from knowledge appropriation to sharing, thereby enhancing organizational performance in foreign subsidiaries.
Impact of Agricultural Productivity on Poverty Alleviation in Nigeria (1980-2021).
Authors: Adeoye Peter Ayodeji 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

This work examines the effect of agricultural productivity on poverty alleviation in Nigeria. Yearly data were used from 1980 to 2021. Auto Regressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) method was used to analyse the data, and the yearly data were sourced from World Development Indicator (WDI) and Central Bank of Nigeria statistical bulletin (2020). This research work is based on Human Development Index (HDI) as a function of crop production, livestock production, forestry, and fishing. Based on ARDL approach, test was carried out on each dependent variable and the independent variable to check the long and short run regression findings for the coefficient of the lagged values of the dependent and independent variables. Some diagnostic test like the serial correlation test, heteroskedasticity test, and stability test were also carried out on the variables. From the results obtained, crop production, fishery, and forestry have statistical significance on HDI. Only livestock production is not having a statistical significance on HDI, however, with a positive relationship.It was therefore recommended that special attention should be given to the agricultural sector in Nigeria, such as increased budgetary allocation to the sector and to ensure proper implementation of programs that will encourage agricultural activities and its productivity in other to increase returns and reduce poverty level in the country.
RamanCrystalHunter: a new program and database for processing, analysis, and identification of Raman spectra
Authors: Nestola F. , Zhang Q. , Day M.C. , Lorenzon S. , Pamato M.G. , Rocchetti I. , Bendazzoli C. , Novella D. , Mazzoli C. , Sassi R. , Pearson D.G. , Smith E.M. , Scott M. , Barbaro A. , Brenker F.E. , Santello L. , Molinari S. , Qu K. , Wang Y. , Škoda R. , Alvaro M. , Gilio M. , Murri M. , Kasatkin A.V. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
RamanCrystalHunter (RCH) is a new software program designed to pre-process, analyse and identify Raman spectra by comparison with spectra in the RamanCrystalHunter Database (RCHDB). The software is free and can be downloaded from the website; https://www.fabrizionestola.com/rch. RCH is characterized by a simple graphical user interface, making it suitable for both specialist and non-specialist users and it has been developed mainly for applications in Earth Sciences (processing the spectra of minerals), but can be used to process the Raman spectra of any synthetic or natural inorganic or organic material. RCH allows users to visualize, pre-process (e.g., using smoothing, noise reduction, and baseline correction operations), and analyse (e.g., using fitting or various calculation tools) Raman spectra. Moreover, it is equipped with the RCHDB, a new database of high-quality mineral spectra that can be downloaded for free along with the RCH program. The RCHDB contains the Raman spectra of minerals (including single- and multi-phase inclusions within mineral hosts, for example diamonds) and related synthetic compounds allowing for rapid and accurate identification of unknown spectra. The RCH software includes highly customizable yet efficient and user-friendly methods for processing and analysis of Raman spectra and represents a valuable contribution to the field of Raman spectroscopy whose applications have expanded greatly in recent years, especially in Earth Sciences. Two practical examples of novel ways in which this software can be used for geoscience applications are presented.
Topical Formulation with Niacinamide Combined with 5 MHz Ultrasound for Improving Skin Ageing: A Double-blind, Randomised, Placebo-controlled Clinical Study
Authors: Vergilio Mariane Massufero , Leonardi Gislaine Ricci 
Published: August 2024

Introduction:
Skin ageing is a complex process influenced by various factors.
Personal care products claim to address ageing signs, yet clinical efficacy tests lack
standardised regulations. Niacinamide (NIA) is known for skin benefits, including managing
hyperpigmentation and enhancing the barrier function. The 5 MHz unfocused ultrasound
(5-US) is a technological intervention for cutaneous ageing, lacking sufficient
literature. This study aimed to clinically assess a topical formulation with NIA, combined
with facial application of unfocused 5-US.

Methods:
Sixty-seven female subjects (30-60 years) with signs of aged skin participated
in the study. They were enrolled and randomised into four groups: (A) placebo formulation,
(B) cosmetic formulation, (C) placebo formulation plus 5-US, and (D) cosmetic formulation
plus 5-US. Groups C and D performed the aesthetic procedure of 5-US on the
entire face, in a total time of 20 minutes per session, once per week (eight total sessions).
Clinical, instrumental, and subjective assessments were performed before (T0) and
during the eighth week (T8) of the study.

Results:
The formulation with NIA improved stratum corneum aqueous content and reduced
transepidermal water loss. Sebum reduction was observed in groups utilising the
formulation. Consumer evaluations indicated improvements in appearance, firmness,
elasticity, and reduced wrinkles, notably in Groups C and D. Sensory analysis indicated
overall product acceptability.

Conclusion:
The formulation with NIA improved skin hydration and reduced sebum
content in mature skin, while subjective evaluations indicated qualitative improvements
in skin appearance. Although 5-US alone did not show instrumental improvements, protocol
adjustments and longer study periods may yield better results. The comprehensive
approach provides an innovative perspective into potential synergies, suggesting future
directions for anti-ageing interventions in skin care.
In-Depth Examination of the Functionality and Performance of the Internet Hospital Information Platform: Development and Usability Study
Authors: Zhang Guang-Wei , Li Bin , Gu Zheng-Min , Yang Wei-Feng , Wang Yi-Ran , Li Hui-Jun , Zheng Han-Bing , Yue Ying-Xu , Wang Kui-Zhong , Gong Mengchun , Gong Da-Xin 
Published: August 2024

Background
Internet hospitals (IHs) have rapidly developed as a promising strategy to address supply-demand imbalances in China’s medical industry, with their capabilities directly dependent on information platform functionality. Furthermore, a novel theory of “Trinity” smart hospital has provided advanced guidelines on IH constructions.

Objective
This study aimed to explore the construction experience, construction models, and development prospects based on operational data from IHs.

Methods
Based on existing information systems and internet service functionalities, our hospital has built a “Smart Hospital Internet Information Platform (SHIIP)” for IH operations, actively to expand online services, digitalize traditional health care, and explore health care services modes throughout the entire process and lifecycle. This article encompasses the platform architecture design, technological applications, patient service content and processes, health care professional support features, administrative management tools, and associated operational data.

Results
Our platform has presented a set of data, including 82,279,669 visits, 420,120 online medical consultations, 124,422 electronic prescriptions, 92,285 medication deliveries, 6,965,566 prediagnosis triages, 4,995,824 offline outpatient appointments, 2025 medical education articles with a total of 15,148,310 views, and so on. These data demonstrate the significant role of IH as an indispensable component of our physical hospital services, with deep integration between online and offline health care systems.

Conclusions
The upward trends in various data metrics indicate that our IH has gained significant recognition and usage among both the public and healthcare workers, and may have promising development prospects. Additionally, the platform construction approach, which prioritizes comprehensive service digitization and the 'Trinity' of the public, healthcare workers, and managers, serves as an effective means of promoting the development of Internet Hospitals. Such insights may prove invaluable in guiding the development of IH and facilitating the continued evolution of the Internet healthcare sector.