bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insights on pathophysiology of hydrocephalus rats induced by kaolin injection
Authors: Zhang Kuo , Zhou Wanqi , Yu Huijie , Pang Meijun , Gao Huixin , Anwar Faheem , Yu Kai , Zhou Ziwei , Guo Fang , Liu Xiuyun , Ming Dong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHydrocephalus can affect brain function and motor ability. Current treatments mostly involve invasive surgeries, with a high risk of postoperative infections and failure. A successful animal model plays a significant role in developing new treatments for hydrocephalus. Hydrocephalus was induced in Sprague–Dawley rats by injecting 25% kaolin into the subarachnoid space at the cerebral convexities with different volumes of 30, 60 and 90 μL. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed 1 month and 4 months after kaolin injection. The behavioral performance was assessed weekly, lasting for 7 weeks. The histopathological analyses were conducted to the lateral ventricles by hematoxylin–eosin (HE) staining. Transcriptomic analysis was used between Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (NPH) patients and hydrocephalus rats. MRI showed a progressive enlargement of ventricles in hydrocephalus group. Kaolin‐60 μL and kaolin‐90 μL groups showed larger ventricular size, higher anxiety level, bigger decline in body weight, motor ability and cognitive competence. These symptoms may be due to higher‐grade inflammatory infiltrate and the damage of the structure of ependymal layer of the ventricles, indicated by HE staining. The overlap upregulated genes and pathways mainly involve immunity and inflammation. Transcriptomic revealed shared pathogenic genes CD40, CD44, CXCL10, and ICAM1 playing a dominance role. 60 μL injection might be recommended for the establishment of hydrocephalus animal model, with a high successful rate and high stability. The hydrocephalus model was able to resemble the inflammatory mechanism and behavioral performance observed in human NPH patients, providing insights for identifying therapeutic targets for hydrocephalus.
Predictors of Delayed Clinical Benefit Following Surgical Treatment for Low Grade Spondylolisthesis
Authors: Djurasovic Mladen , Carreon Leah Y. , Bisson Erica F. , Chan Andrew K. , Bydon Mohamad , Mummaneni Praveen V. , Foley Kevin T. , Shaffrey Christopher I. , Potts Eric A. , Shaffrey Mark E. , Coric Domagoj , Knightly John J. , Park Paul , Wang Michael Y. , Fu Kai-Ming , Slotkin Jonathan R. , Asher Anthony L. , Virk Michael S. , Chou Dean , Haid Regis W. , Glassman Steven D. 
Published: August 2024

Study Design.
Retrospective review of prospectively collected data.

Objective.
To investigate what factors predict delayed improvement after surgical treatment of low grade spondylolisthesis.

Summary of Background Data.
Lumbar surgery leads to clinical improvement in the majority of patients with low grade spondylolisthesis. Most patients improve rapidly after surgery, but some patients demonstrate a delayed clinical course.

Methods.
The Quality and Outcomes Database (QOD) was queried for grade 1 spondylolisthesis patients who underwent surgery who had patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) collected at baseline, 3-, 6- and 12-months, including back and leg pain numeric rating scale (NRS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and EuroQol-5D (EQ-5D). Patients were stratified as “Early responders” reaching MCID at 3 months and maintaining improvement through 12 months and “Delayed responders” not reaching MCID at 3 months but ultimately reaching MCID at 12 months. These two groups were compared with respect to factors which predicted delayed improvement.

Results.
Of 608 patients enrolled, 436 (72%) met inclusion criteria for this study. Overall, 317 patients (72.7%) reached MCID for ODI at 12 months following surgery. Of these patients, 249 (78.5%) exhibited a rapid clinical improvement trajectory and had achieved ODI MCID threshold by the 3-month postop follow-up. 68 patients (21.4%) showed a delayed trajectory, and had not achieved ODI MCID threshold at 3 months, but did ultimately reach MCID at 12-month follow-up. Factors associated with delayed improvement included impaired preoperative ambulatory status, better baseline back and leg pain scores, and worse 3-month leg pain scores (P<0.01).

Conclusions.
The majority of patients undergoing surgery for low grade spondylolisthesis reach ODI MCID threshold rapidly, within the first three months after surgery. Factors associated with a delayed clinical course include impaired preoperative ambulation status, relatively better preoperative back and leg pain, and persistent leg pain at 3 months.
Interprofessional Staffing Pattern Clusters in U.S. ICUs
Authors: Gershengorn Hayley B. , Costa Deena Kelly , Garland Allan , Lizano Danny , Wunsch Hannah 
Published: August 2024

OBJECTIVES:
To identify interprofessional staffing pattern clusters used in U.S. ICUs.

DESIGN:
Latent class analysis.

SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS:
Adult U.S. ICUs.

PATIENTS:
None.

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

ANALYSIS:
We used data from a staffing survey that queried respondents (n = 596 ICUs) on provider (intensivist and nonintensivist), nursing, respiratory therapist, and clinical pharmacist availability and roles. We used latent class analysis to identify clusters describing interprofessional staffing patterns and then compared ICU and hospital characteristics across clusters.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
We identified three clusters as optimal. Most ICUs (54.2%) were in cluster 1 (“higher overall staffing”) characterized by a higher likelihood of good provider coverage (both intensivist [onsite 24 hr/d] and nonintensivist [orders placed by ICU team exclusively, presence of advanced practice providers, and physicians-in-training]), nursing leadership (presence of charge nurse, nurse educators, and managers), and bedside nursing support (nurses with registered nursing degrees, fewer patients per nurse, and nursing aide availability). One-third (33.7%) were in cluster 2 (“lower intensivist coverage & nursing leadership, higher bedside nursing support”) and 12.1% were in cluster 3 (“higher provider coverage & nursing leadership, lower bedside nursing support”). Clinical pharmacists were more common in cluster 1 (99.4%), but present in greater than 85% of all ICUs; respiratory therapists were nearly universal. Cluster 1 ICUs were larger (median 20 beds vs. 15 and 17 in clusters 2 and 3, respectively; p < 0.001), and in larger (> 250 beds: 80.6% vs. 66.1% and 48.5%; p < 0.001), not-for-profit (75.9% vs. 69.4% and 60.3%; p < 0.001) hospitals. Telemedicine use 24 hr/d was more common in cluster 3 units (71.8% vs. 11.7% and 14.1%; p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS:
More than half of U.S. ICUs had higher staffing overall. Others tended to have either higher provider presence and nursing leadership or higher bedside nursing support, but not both.
Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression for Social Epidemiologic Research
Authors: Bather Jemar R. , Robinson Taylor J. , Goodman Melody S. 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Little attention has been devoted to framing multiple continuous social variables as a “mixture” for social epidemiologic analysis. We propose using the Bayesian kernel machine regression analytic framework that yields univariate, bivariate, and overall exposure mixture effects.

Methods:
Using data from the 2023 Survey of Racism and Public Health, we conducted a Bayesian kernel machine regression analysis to study several individual, social, and structural factors as an exposure mixture and their relationships with psychological distress among individuals with at least one police arrest. Factors included racial and economic polarization, neighborhood deprivation, perceived discrimination, police perception, subjective social status, and substance use. We complemented this analysis with a series of unadjusted and adjusted models for each exposure mixture variable.

Results:
We found that more self-reported discrimination experiences in the past year (posterior inclusion probability = 1.00) and greater substance use (posterior inclusion probability = 1.00) correlated with higher psychological distress. These associations were consistent with the findings from the unadjusted and adjusted linear regression analyses: past year perceived discrimination (unadjusted b = 2.58, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.86, 3.30; adjusted b = 2.20, 95% CI: 1.45, 2.94) and substance use (unadjusted b = 2.92, 95% CI: 2.21, 3.62; adjusted b = 2.59, 95% CI: 1.87, 3.31).

Conclusion:
With the rise of big data and the expansion of variables in long-standing cohort and census studies, novel applications of methods from adjacent disciplines are a step forward in identifying exposure mixture associations in social epidemiology and addressing the health needs of socially vulnerable populations.
Sacral Ulcer after Carbon Ion Radiotherapy Reconstructed with a Superior Gluteal Artery Perforator Flap
Authors: Kuwahara Masamitsu , Okazaki Hideaki , Nashihara Sakuka , Kanagawa Saori , Sasaki Chikako 
Published: August 2024

Summary:
As carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) was developed only recently, reports of CIRT-induced ulcers requiring plastic surgery are still rare, but the number of such cases is expected to increase. Here, we describe a case of a CIRT-induced ulcer to aid the treatment of such ulcers. An 82-year-old man had a sacral chordoma (12 × 7.5 × 7.5 cm), which extended from the fourth to fifth sacral vertebrae. He underwent CIRT (70.4 Gy). An ulcer developed 30 months after the treatment. The ulcer enlarged to 13 cm × 7 cm. Debridement, negative-pressure wound therapy, and antibiotics were used. We tried to avoid injuring the rectum and sciatic nerve, and covered the ulcer with a delayed superior gluteal artery perforator flap. Wound healing was difficult to achieve in the lower half of the flap. Further debridement was appropriate, but we considered that it was likely to cause complications. Once a post-CIRT ulcer develops, its progression and the required extent of debridement can be roughly predicted based on the radiotherapy treatment plan. In this case, the rectum and sciatic nerve were irradiated, but there were no related symptoms. Therefore, we performed surgery to preserve these structures. However, there was very thick scar tissue surrounding these structures, making debridement difficult, and the wound was slow to heal. It is desirable to use a flap with good blood flow, such as a myocutaneous flap, for covering post-CIRT ulcers.
Evaluation of the Inner Macula Layers, Circumpapillary Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer, and Minimum Rim Width Thickness in Patients With Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome Without Glaucoma Compared With Controls
Authors: Azimi Ali , Bostanian Pardis , Jalalpour Mohammad Hassan , Hassanipour Hamid Reza , Chhablani Jay , Sadeghi Elham 
Published: August 2024

Précis:
Minimum rim width (MRW) is thinner in patients with non-glaucomatous pseudoexfoliation syndrome (XFS) and may be the first parameter affected in these patients due to the vascular nature of this disease.

Objective:
To evaluate the macular inner layers, circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (cp-RNFL), and MRW in non-glaucomatous XFS compared with healthy patients.

Patients and Methods:
In this prospective study, using Heidelberg Spectralis optical coherence tomography with Glaucoma Module Premium Edition, 8×8 grids of macular inner layers were exported, and the global, superior, and inferior thicknesses were used. Also, on the deviation map, the elliptical annulus around the fovea, which was 4.8×4 mm in size, was analyzed. Moreover, both groups calculated cp-RNFL and MRW values in 3 superior and 3 inferior sectors.

Results:
Thirty-two eyes of 32 patients with clinically detected non-glaucomatous XFS and 30 right eyes of age-sex–matched healthy controls were included. No significant difference was found between the case and control groups concerning the intraocular pressure (14.94 ± 2.09 vs 15.27 ± 2.27 mm Hg, respectively, P = 0.556). The MRW of the superotemporal segment (MRW–temporal superior) was significantly thinner in the XFS group compared with the control ones (303.69 ± 60.49 vs 341.43 ± 56.19 µm, P = 0.014). No significant differences were found in the other sectors of MRW, macular inner layers, and cp-RNFL thickness between the groups.

Conclusion:
These findings indicate that the MRW, especially in the superotemporal sector, may show early eye damage in patients with non-glaucomatous XFS, and it may be used to detect the early stage of glaucoma in XFS.
A Randomized Control Trial Comparing the Yield of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Using Three Different Techniques in Patients Undergoing Flexible Bronchoscopy (BAL-3T)
Authors: Sehgal Inderpaul Singh , Kaur Gurkirat , Gupta Nalini , Dhooria Sahajal , Prasad Kuruswamy Thurai , Bal Amanjit , Gupta Parikshaa , Aggarwal Ashutosh Nath , Muthu Valliappan , Agarwal Ritesh 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Three techniques have been described for aspirating the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, namely the wall mount suction (WMS), manual suction (MS), and manual suction with tubing (MST). However, there is no direct comparison among the 3 methods.

Methods:
We randomized patients undergoing flexible bronchoscopy and BAL in a 1:1:1 ratio to one of the 3 arms. The primary outcome was to compare the optimal yield, defined as at least 30% return of volume instilled and <5% bronchial cells. The key secondary outcomes were the percentage of volume and total amount (in millimeters) return of BAL, as well as complications (hypoxemia, airway bleeding, and others).

Results:
We randomized 942 patients [MST (n = 314), MS (n = 314), WMS (n = 314)]. The mean age of the study population [58.7% (n = 553) males] was 46.9 years. The most common indication for BAL was suspected pulmonary infection. Right upper lobes and middle lobes were the commonest sampled lobes. The optimal yield was similar in all the groups [MST (35.6%) vs MS (42.2%) vs WMS (36.5%); P = 0.27]. A significantly higher proportion of patients had BALF return >30% (P = 0.005) in the WMS (54.2%) and MS (54%) than in the MST arm (42.9%). The absolute and the percentage volume of BALF was also higher in WMS and MS than in the MST arm. There was no difference in the complication rate or other secondary outcomes across the groups.

Conclusion:
We found no difference in the optimal yield of BAL or complications using any one of the 3 methods for BAL fluid retrieval.
TakeMeHome: A Novel Method for Reaching Previously Untested People Through Online Ordering and Self-Collect HIV and STI Testing
Authors: Hecht Jennifer , Facente Shelley N. , Cohen Stephanie , Menza Tim , Trainor Nikole , Heumann Christine , Juhasz Marta , Sullivan Patrick 
Published: August 2024

Background
Despite national testing guidelines, rates of testing for HIV, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and hepatitis C remain lower than recommended for men who have sex with men in the United States. To help address this, the TakeMeHome (TMH) program was started in March 2020 by Building Healthy Online Communities, a consortium of public health organizations and dating apps, to work with health departments to increase access to HIV testing for men who have sex with men on dating apps.

Methods
Users of participating dating apps were sent messages about opportunities for testing with self-collected specimens through TMH. Program users were eligible to receive test kits if they lived in a participating zip code and were aged at least 18 years. Users who were interested in testing could order kits to be mailed to them for laboratory-based testing of HIV, hepatitis C, chlamydia, gonorrhea, and/or syphilis, depending on risk and availability in their zip code. Orders were sent via application programming interface to Molecular Testing Labs for fulfillment; kits were provided at no cost to the program user. Within approximately 24 hours of order receipt, Molecular Testing Labs mailed program users a kit with required collection supplies, directions, and a link to a video instruction for self-collection. Program users received an automated email after testing was complete with a link to access results through their online account. Individuals with positive results on any of the relevant tests were directed to additional information and to local providers for linkage to additional testing or treatment, depending on local protocols.

Results
The positivity rate of specimens processed through TMH was 1.4% for HIV, 0.6% for hepatitis C, and 2.9% for all STIs combined. The per-person positivity rate was 15.3% across all STIs.

Conclusions
The TMH program demonstrates that self-collected laboratory-processed testing is feasible and effective at identifying new HIV and STI cases.
Photon-Counting Detector CT Applications in Musculoskeletal Radiology
Authors: Grunz Jan-Peter , Huflage Henner 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Photon-counting detectors (PCDs) have emerged as one of the most influential technical developments for medical imaging in recent memory. Surpassing conventional systems with energy-integrating detector technology in many aspects, PCD-CT scanners provide superior spatial resolution and dose efficiency for all radiological subspecialities. Demanding detailed display of trabecular microarchitecture and extensive anatomical coverage frequently within the same scan, musculoskeletal (MSK) imaging in particular can be a beneficiary of PCD-CT's remarkable performance. Since PCD-CT provides users with a plethora of customization options for both image acquisition and reconstruction, however, MSK radiologists need to be familiar with the scanner to unlock its full potential. From filter-based spectral shaping for artifact reduction over full field-of-view ultra-high-resolution scans to postprocessing of single- or dual-source multienergy data, almost every imaging task can be met with an optimized approach in PCD-CT. The objectives of this review were to give an overview of the most promising applications of PCD-CT in MSK imaging to date, to state current limitations, and to highlight directions for future research and developments.
FDG PET/CT in Staging of α-Fetoprotein–Producing Hepatoid Adenocarcinoma of the Pancreas
Authors: Ji Xia , Dong Aisheng , Wang Yang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the pancreas is a rare aggressive tumor with poor prognosis. We describe contrast-enhanced CT and FDG PET/CT findings in a case of pancreatic hepatoid adenocarcinoma with significantly elevated α-fetoprotein level presenting as acute pancreatitis. The primary pancreatic tumor diffusely involved the pancreas and showed heterogeneous enhancement mimicking acute necrotizing pancreatitis on contrast-enhanced CT. FDG PET/CT showed intense FDG uptake (SUVmax, 24.5) of the left supraclavicular and retroperitoneal lymph node metastases, suggesting FDG PET/CT may be useful for staging of this aggressive tumor.
Applications of ICG in Breast Cancer for Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping: A Scoping Review Protocol
Authors: Kurdi Feryal N. , Kurdi Yahya N. , Reshetov Igor V. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this scoping review is to evaluate the current literature on the use of Indocyanine Green (ICG) in sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping for breast cancer patients. This review aims to assess the accuracy, efficacy, and safety of ICG in this context and to identify gaps in the existing research. The outcomes will contribute to the development of further research as part of a PhD project.IntroductionBreast cancer is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Accurate SLN mapping is crucial for staging and treatment planning in early-stage breast cancer. ICG has emerged as a promising agent for fluorescence imaging in SLN mapping. However, comprehensive assessment of its clinical utility, including accuracy and adverse effects, remains limited. This scoping review aims to consolidate evidence on the use of ICG in breast cancer SLN mapping.Inclusion criteriaPatients with early-stage breast cancer (T1, T2), selected T3 cases where sentinel lymph node biopsy is accurate, and clinically node-negative breast cancer. The intervention includes studies using ICG for SLN mapping and assessment of fluorescence imaging cameras.MethodsFive electronic databases will be searched (PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and SCOPUS) using search strategies developed in consultation with the academic supervisor. The search strategy is set to human studies published in English within the last 11 years. All retrieved citations will be imported to Zotero and then uploaded to Covidence for screening of titles, abstracts, and full text according to pre-specified inclusion criteria. Citations meeting the inclusion criteria for full-text review will have their data extracted by two independent reviewers, with disagreements resolved by discussion. A data extraction tool will be developed to capture full details about the participants, concept, and context, and findings relevant to the scoping review will be summarized.
Helping Breast Cancer Diagnosis on Mammographies using Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: García-Mojón Rocío , Martín-Rodríguez Fernando , Fernández-Barciela Mónica 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this paper a study about breast cancer detection is presented. Mammography images in DICOM format are processed using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN’s) to get a pre-diagnosis. Of course, this preliminary result needs to be checked by a trained radiologist. CNN’s are trained and checked using a big database that is publicly available. Standard measurements for success are computed (accuracy, precision, recall) obtaining outstanding results better than other examples from the literature.
Study on the Situation of Growth and Development of Kindergarten Children and the Relationship between Vitamin D and Body Composition, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
Authors: Wang Yanli , Ren Ying , Xing Fenglin , Liu Dan , Hu Mengjuan , Tongyong Luo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractVitamin D plays a critical role in bone health, mineral metabolism, and overall well-being, including immune function and muscle strength. Its potential impact on body composition in children, particularly in relation to obesity and undernutrition, is an area of growing interest. However, existing literature presents inconsistent findings regarding the correlation between Vitamin D levels and body composition parameters in pediatric populations. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between Vitamin D levels and body composition among kindergarten-aged children in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China, providing insights that could contribute to health promotion strategies for this demographic.A cross-sectional study was conducted among children aged 3 to 6 years across 47 kindergartens in Chengdu. Participants were selected via stratified random sampling to ensure representativeness. Data collection took place during April to June to minimize seasonal effects on Vitamin D levels. Body composition was assessed using bio-electrical impedance analysis (BIA). Vitamin D status was determined through blood tests, and the distribution of Vitamin D levels by sex and age groups was analyzed. The study included 1239 children, with 75.54% having insufficient Vitamin D levels and 24.46% having sufficient levels. There was no statistically significant difference in Vitamin D status between sexes (χ2=0.676, p=0.411) or age groups (χ2=4.700, p=0.095). Correlation analysis revealed that BMI had a weak negative correlation with Vitamin D (−0.028, p=0.320) but no significant correlation with Vitamin A (−0.007, p=0.799). Similar results were observed for other body composition components. This study suggests that a majority of kindergarten children in Chengdu have insufficient Vitamin D levels, regardless of sex or age. While some correlations between Vitamin D levels and body composition were observed, they were weak and not clinically significant. Further research is needed to elucidate the complex interplay between Vitamin D, body composition, and other influencing factors in this age group. Our findings contribute to the ongoing debate about the role of Vitamin D in pediatric health and may guide future interventions aimed at improving Vitamin D status and overall body composition in children.