bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Family group conferences: evidence, outcomes and future research
Authors: Frost Nick , Abram Fiona , Burgess Hannah 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis is the second article of a two‐part review of the literature relating to family group conferences (FGCs); it explores outcomes and challenges in implementing FGCs. The complex data relating to outcomes, drawing on a range of national contexts, is presented. The challenges of researching outcomes and the role of longitudinal and randomized, controlled trials are considered. The article concludes with a discussion of the implementation of FGC policy and practice in the contemporary context.
The cost of nickel allergy: a global investigation of coin composition and nickel and cobalt release
Authors: Hamann Carsten R. , Hamann Dathan , Hamann Curtis , Thyssen Jacob P. , Lidén Carola 
Published: December 2012

Background. Nickel is widely used in coins; nickel may cause contact allergy and allergic contact dermatitis in those who handle them.Objectives. To investigate alloy use, coin composition and nickel and cobalt release for a worldwide selection of currently circulating coins.Materials and methods. Eight hundred and fifty coins of 361 different denominations or issues from 52 countries were collected and analysed with X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry and nickel and cobalt spot tests.Results. Copper–nickel was the most frequently identified coin alloy, being observed in 100 denominations (28%), followed by aluminium–bronze (62, 17%). In total, 239 denominations released nickel (28%). Coins from Bolivia, Brazil and Costa Rica did not release nickel. Fewer than one‐third of the denominations or issues from China, India, the euro area and Indonesia released nickel. In the United States, the Russian Federation, Japan, and Mexico, one‐third or more of the denominations released nickel.Conclusions. This worldwide selection of circulating coins covered countries with 75% of the world population, and shows that the majority of the world population lives in countries where coins release nickel. Pertinently, ∼ 40% of circulating coin denominations do not release nickel.
Sensory tricks in focal dystonia and hemifacial spasm
Authors: Loyola D. P. , Camargos S. , Maia D. , Cardoso F. 
Published: December 2012

Background and purposeSensory tricks are sensory, often but not exclusively tactile, stimuli usually in the body part affected by the movement disorder that produce a meaningful alleviation of dystonia. The frequency and clinical features of sensory tricks in different types of dystonia are poorly studied in the literature. There is no information regarding the presence of a similar phenomenon in HFS.MethodsWe enrolled consecutive patients who had the diagnosis of HFS (26) or the following types of dystonia: cervical dystonia (CD; 21); blepharospasm (BS; 20); and writer's cramp (WC; 10). Patients underwent a structured interview to assess the following items related to sensory trick: presence, type and effectiveness. Statistical analysis used the Verisimilitude Reason test and the significance level was set at 5%.ResultsSensory trick was more frequent in the CD group (81%) when compared with HFS (38.5%; P = 0.004) and WC (20%; P = 0.001), but there was no statistical difference from the frequency in BS patients (55%; P = 0.078). The most common sensory tricks were facial massage (60%) in HFS; to touch the head with the hands (35.3% in CD); to touch the upper eyelid with the index finger and thumb (81.8%) in BS; and to touch the hand with the contralateral hand (100%) in WC.ConclusionsSensory tricks are common in all types of focal dystonia herein studied, although they are more frequent in CD. Patients with HFS also often display improvement of the movement disorder with tactile stimulation.
Radiation budget changes with dry forest clearing in temperate Argentina
Authors: Houspanossian Javier , Nosetto Marcelo , Jobbágy Esteban G. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractLand cover changes may affect climate and the energy balance of the Earth through their influence on the greenhouse gas composition of the atmosphere (biogeochemical effects) but also through shifts in the physical properties of the land surface (biophysical effects). We explored how the radiation budget changes following the replacement of temperate dry forests by crops in central semiarid Argentina and quantified the biophysical radiative forcing of this transformation. For this purpose, we computed the albedo and surface temperature for a 7‐year period (2003–2009) from MODIS imagery at 70 paired sites occupied by native forests and crops and calculated the radiation budget at the tropopause and surface levels using a columnar radiation model parameterized with satellite data. Mean annual black‐sky albedo and diurnal surface temperature were 50% and 2.5 °C higher in croplands than in dry forests. These contrasts increased the outgoing shortwave energy flux at the top of the atmosphere in croplands by a quarter (58.4 vs. 45.9 W m−2) which, together with a slight increase in the outgoing longwave flux, yielded a net cooling of −14 W m−2. This biophysical cooling effect would be equivalent to a reduction in atmospheric CO2 of 22 Mg C ha−1, which involves approximately a quarter to a half of the typical carbon emissions that accompany deforestation in these ecosystems. We showed that the replacement of dry forests by crops in central Argentina has strong biophysical effects on the energy budget which could counterbalance the biogeochemical effects of deforestation. Underestimating or ignoring these biophysical consequences of land‐use changes on climate will certainly curtail the effectiveness of many warming mitigation actions, particularly in semiarid regions where high radiation load and smaller active carbon pools would increase the relative importance of biophysical forcing.
Arbeitsabhängige soziale Sicherheit für informell Beschäftigte
Authors: Lund Francie 
Published: December 2012

AuszugDie Anzahl informell Erwerbstätiger nimmt weltweit zu. Aufgrund von weltweiten Veränderungen der Beschäftigungstrukturen und Arbeitsplätze sind viele ärmere Arbeiter bei der Arbeit Gefahren und gesundheitlichen Risiken ausgesetzt. Informell Beschäftigte haben jedoch keinen Zugang zu arbeitsabhängiger sozialer Sicherheit. Obschon hohen arbeitsbedingten Gefahren ausgesetzt, verfügen sie dabei aber über keinen oder kaum zuverlässigen formellen oder informellen sozialen Schutz. Bei bürgerorientierten Programmen der sozialen Sicherheit wie Sozialtransfers werden die Bedürfnisse arbeitsfähiger, erwerbstätiger Erwachsener nicht ausreichend berücksichtigt. Auch sind informelle Arbeitsplätze nicht durch die üblichen Zweige und Programme der Gesundheit und Sicherheit am Arbeitsplatz (GSAbzw.OHS,occupational health and safety) abgedeckt, die eine wesentliche Komponente der arbeitsabhängigen sozialen Sicherheit darstellen. Besonders ärmere informell Erwerbstätige befinden sich in einer ungünstigen Ausgangsposition, um sich an möglichen Präventionsmaßnahmen beteiligen zu können, da dies kurzfristige Verdienstausfälle mit sich bringt. Ein umfassenderer, inklusiver Ansatz erfordert organisatorische Änderungen in der Sicherung von Gesundheit und Sicherheit am Arbeitsplatz. Insbesondere sollten lokale Behörden und auch Organisationen informell Erwerbstätiger einbezogen werden, die einflussreiche branchenspezifische Netzwerke auf internationaler Ebene entwickeln. Dazu stellt dieser Artikel vielversprechende Beispiele inklusiver Reformen vonGSA‐Richtlinien vor, die auf dem Verhandlungsweg erreicht wurden. Ein größeres Vorhaben ist die Weiterentwicklung derGSAin dem Sinn, dass informell Erwerbstätige ausdrücklich als Erwerbstätige gelten und nicht nur als besonders „gefährdete Personengruppe“, für die nur Programme zum Schutz vor Armut infrage kommen. Und dabei sollten Präventivmaßnahmen eine wichtige Rolle spielen.
Short‐term low‐dose secondary prophylaxis for severe/moderate haemophilia A children is beneficial to reduce bleed and improve daily activity, but there are obstacle in its execution: a multi‐centre pilot study in China
Authors: Tang L. , Wu R. , Sun J. , Zhang X. , Feng X. , Zhang X. , Luke K.‐H. , Poon M.‐C. 
Published: December 2012

SummaryWe recently showed in a single centre trial that low‐dose secondary prophylaxis in severe/moderate haemophilia patients with arthropathy is feasible and beneficial. However, this regimen has not been validated in a multicentre setting and what obstacles are there to prophylaxis remain unclear. (i) Benefit study: to confirm the benefits of similar prophylaxis protocol in severe/moderate haemophilia A (HA) in a multicentre setting in China. (ii) Follow‐up obstacle study: to investigate obstacles in compliance to prophylaxis treatment. (i) Benefit study: severe/moderate HA children with arthropathy from 15 centres were enrolled to undergo an 8‐week on‐demand treatment, followed by 6 to 12‐week low‐dose secondary prophylaxis. Outcomes compared in the two periods include joint and severe bleeding, daily activities and factor consumption. (ii) Obstacle study: questionnaires to investigators to collect data on patient and centre factors contributing to inability to comply with prophylaxis. We enrolled 191 patients from 15 centres. Sixty‐six (34.6%) from three centres completed the prophylaxis protocol, and they had significantly decreased bleeding (78.8% haemarthrosis and 68.9% severe bleedings) and improved daily activities with no increase in factor consumption over that in the on‐demand therapy period. The remaining 125 patients from 12 centres were not compliant to the prophylaxis protocol; questionnaire data indicated that the major obstacles were inability of patients/parents to accept (41.7%) or to adhere (33.3%) to the prophylaxis protocol, mostly because of failure to understand the benefits and to accept the frequent injections. Non‐availability of a centre comprehensive care team was another important determinant. Short‐term low‐dose secondary prophylactic therapy is beneficial without increasing factors consumption for severe/moderate HA with arthropathy in a multi‐centre setting in China. Obstacles to overcome must include improvement in comprehensive care and in education to patient/parents and healthcare personnel.
Cryo‐scanning x‐ray diffraction microscopy of frozen‐hydrated yeast
Authors: LIMA E. , DIAZ A. , GUIZAR‐SICAIROS M. , GORELICK S. , PERNOT P. , SCHLEIER T. , MENZEL A. 
Published: December 2012

SummaryWe developed cryo‐scanning x‐ray diffraction microscopy, utilizing hard x‐ray ptychography at cryogenic temperature, for the noninvasive, high‐resolution imaging of wet, extended biological samples and report its first frozen‐hydrated imaging. Utilizing phase contrast at hard x‐rays, cryo‐scanning x‐ray diffraction microscopy provides the penetration power suitable for thick samples while retaining sensitivity to minute density changes within unstained samples. It is dose‐efficient and further minimizes radiation damage by keeping the wet samples at cryogenic temperature. We demonstrate these capabilities in two dimensions by imaging unstained frozen‐hydrated budding yeast cells, achieving a spatial resolution of 85 nm with a phase sensitivity of 0.0053 radians. The current work presents the feasibility of cryo‐scanning x‐ray diffraction microscopy for quantitative, high‐resolution imaging of unmodified biological samples extending to tens of micrometres.
Description of a new species ofReteporella(Bryozoa: Phidoloporidae) from the Weddell Sea (Antarctica) and the possible functional morphology of avicularia
Authors: Figuerola Blanca , Ballesteros Manuel , Avila Conxita 
Published: December 2012

AbstractFiguerola, B., Ballesteros, M. and Avila, C. 2013. Description of a new species ofReteporella(Bryozoa: Phidoloporidae) from the Weddell Sea (Antarctica) and the possible functional morphology of avicularia. —Acta Zoologica(Stockholm)94: 66–73.A new species of cheilostome bryozoan,Reteporella rosjoarumsp. n., belonging to the family of Phidoloporidae is described from the Weddell Sea (Antarctica) and illustrated with binocular microscope and SEM micrographs. SEM has been used to observe the essential characters to describe the new species and to compare it to similar species. Three samples from three different stations were collected at 332–597 m depth during the ANT XXI/2 cruise of the R/V Polarstern (AWI, Bremerhaven, Germany) using a bottom trawl. The new species is characterized by the presence of giant vicarious spherical avicularia. The distinctive morphology of these avicularia discriminates this species from Antarctica congeners. The variability in avicularian morphometrics demonstrates that intraspecific variation between localities (Austasen and Drescher Inlet) may exist. It is also interesting to relate the morphology of the avicularia with the possible functions in Cheilostomata.
Later language development in narratives in children with perinatal stroke
Authors: Reilly Judy S. , Wasserman Sophie , Appelbaum Mark 
Published: December 2012

AbstractStudies of young children with unilateral perinatal stroke (PS) have confirmed the plasticity of the developing brain for acquiring language. While recent studies of typically developing children have demonstrated the significant development of language well into adolescence, we know little regarding the course of language development in the PS group as they mature. Will children with PS continue to show the same remarkable plasticity that they exhibited at younger ages? In the present paper we investigate later language and discourse in children with perinatal stroke (ages 7–16) using spoken personal narrative as the discourse context. In contrast to the findings of the discourse studies of younger children with PS, children with left hemisphere lesions made more morphological errors, used less complex syntax and fewer syntactic types than controls; they also produced more impoverished story settings. In contrast, those with right hemisphere lesions performed comparably to controls, except in their impoverished use of complex syntax. The findings provide insight into the nature of later spoken language development in these children, revealing both the nature and extent of neuroplasticity for language as well as potential regional biases.
Material Politics: Concrete Imaginations and the Architectural Definition of Urban Life inLeCorbusier's Master Plan forBuenosAires
Authors: Minuchin Leandro 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBased on the example ofLeCorbusier's design for a network of urban thoroughfares inBuenosAires, this article examines the role of concrete in the invention of a new material imaginary, where novel structures were used to architecturally delimit the expressivity of urban life. The article is structured in two parts. The first part examines how materiality has been repositioned as a site of and for politics. I chart three different strands of material politics prevalent in contemporary urban theory: material politics as (1) the inscription of metabolic infrastructures, (2) the disruption of the sensible and (3) the assembling of socio‐material entanglements. I then argue for the need to devise a definition of material politics that incorporates the notion of actualization and reflects the involvement of materials in the invention of and experimentation with alternative urban imaginaries. In the second part, I describe the assembly ofLeCorbusier's proposed concrete biology forBuenosAires by examining three interrelated mechanisms: valorization, circulation and abstraction. To conclude, I emphasize the methodological value of using the instance of materialization as a form of tracing the historical emergence and transformation of alternative forms of problematizing and imagining the production of urban space.
Effects of combined radiation and burn injury on the renin–angiotensin system
Authors: Jadhav Sachin S. , Sharma Natasha , Meeks Christopher J. , Mordwinkin Nicholas M. , Espinoza Theresa B. , Roda Norma R. , DiZerega Gere S. , Hill Colin K. , Louie Stan G. , Rodgers Kathleen E. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe renin–angiotensin system (RAS) plays an important role in wound repair; however, little is known pertaining to RAS expression in response to thermal injury and the combination of radiation plus burn injury (CRBI). The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that thermal injury modifies expression of RAS components and CRBI delayed this up‐regulation of RAS. Skin from uninjured mice was compared with mice receiving local thermal injury or CRBI (injury site). Skin was analyzed for gene and protein expression of RAS components. There was an initial increase in the expression of various components of RAS following thermal injury. However, in the higher CRBI group there is an initial decrease in AT1b (vasoconstriction, pro‐proliferative), AT2 (vasodilation, differentiation), and Mas (vasodilation, anti‐inflammatory) gene expression. This corresponded with a delay and decrease in AT1, AT2, and MAS protein expression in fibroblasts and keratinocytes. The reduction in RAS receptor positive fibroblasts and keratinocytes correlated with a reduction in collagen deposition and keratinocyte infiltration into the wounded area resulting in a delay of reepithelialization following CRBI. These data support the hypothesis that delayed wound healing observed in subjects following radiation exposure may be in part due to decreased expression of RAS.
A novel three‐dimensional model system for keloid study: Organotypic multicellular scar model
Authors: Lee Won Jai , Choi Il‐Kyu , Lee Ju Hee , Kim Yong Oock , Yun Chae‐Ok 
Published: December 2012

AbstractWe developed a three‐dimensional organotypic multicellular spheroid scar model to mimic the microenvironment of human keloid tissues. Keloid tissues were cultured for 7 days. Changes in total cellularity and apoptotic index in the primary keloid spheroid cultures were evaluated histologically and with a TUNEL assay, respectively. The expression profiles of transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β), collagen I, collagen III, elastin, fibronectin, matrix metalloproteinase‐2, and matrix metalloproteinase‐9 were examined with immunohistochemistry. In addition, these expression profiles were investigated after treating primary keloid spheroids with triamcinolone acetonide. Cell viability and morphology of ex vivo cultured keloid spheroids were maintained, and the apoptotic index did not increase for up to 1 week in culture. Keloid spheroids cultivated ex vivo retained the major characteristics of keloids, such as high levels of collagen I and TGF‐β expression for up to 7 days. The biological activity of keloids responding to TGF‐β was also maintained during ex vivo culture. Moreover, ex vivo triamcinolone acetonide treatment of cultivated keloid spheroids significantly reduced collagen I, collagen III, elastin, and fibronectin expression levels, in accordance with clinical observations. The three‐dimensional organotypic multicellular spheroid keloid culture will allow investigators to study keloid pathogenesis and test potential keloid therapeutic agents.
Evaluation of the Drawer Test and the Tibial Compression Test for Differentiating Between Cranial and Caudal Stifle Subluxation Associated with Cruciate Ligament Instability
Authors: Might Kelly R. , Bachelez Andréas , Martinez Steven A. , Gay John M. 
Published: December 2012

ObjectiveTo determine the sensitivity and specificity of the drawer test (DT) alone and in combination with the tibial compression test (TCT) to detect stifle subluxation after transection of the cranial cruciate (CrCL), caudal cruciate (CdCL) or both cruciate ligaments (total cruciate ligament or TCL).Study DesignExperimental study.Sample PopulationCadaveric, skeletally mature canine pelvic limb pairs (n = 8).MethodsPelvic limbs disarticulated at the coxofemoral joint were randomly assigned to the following 1 of 4 groups: (1) limbs had complete transection of the CrCL; (2) limbs had complete transection of the CdCL; (3) limbs had complete transection of both ligaments; and (4) both ligaments were left intact. Participants performed the DT and the TCT and a diagnosis was given based on the DT and on the combination of these tests.ResultsDT had a poor sensitivity for correctly identifying CrCL (69%), CdCL (45%), and TCL (26%) rupture, but had a high sensitivity when identifying intact limbs (97%). Specificity for DT was greatest when identifying limbs with CdCL (97%) and TCL (92%) rupture, and the lowest when palpating limbs with CrCL rupture (75%). Combining DT and TCT did not increase sensitivity or specificity values, nor did an increased level of evaluator training.ConclusionsIndependent of evaluator training, the DT alone or combined with the TCT poorly differentiates the cause of stifle instability associated with CrCL, CdCL, and TCL rupture.
Reliability of Blood Pressure Parameters for Dry Weight Estimation in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Susantitaphong Paweena , Laowaloet Suthanit , Tiranathanagul Khajohn , Chulakadabba Adhisabandh , Katavetin Pisut , Praditpornsilpa Kearkiat , Tungsanga Kriang , Eiam‐Ong Somchai 
Published: December 2012

AbstractChronic volume overload resulting from interdialytic weight gain and inadequate fluid removal plays a significant role in poorly controlled high blood pressure. Although bioimpedance has been introduced as an accurate method for assessing hydration status, the instrument is not available in general hemodialysis (HEMO) centers. This study was conducted to explore the correlation between hydration status measured by bioimpedance and blood pressure parameters in chronic HEMO patients. Multifrequency bioimpedance analysis was used to determine pre‐ and post‐dialysis hydration status in 32 stable HEMO patients. Extracellular water/total body water (ECW/TBW) determined by sum of segments from bioimpedance analysis was used as an index of hydration status. The mean age was 57.9 ± 16.4 years. The mean dry weight and body mass index were 57.7 ± 14.5 kg and 22.3 ± 4.7 kg/m2, respectively. Pre‐dialysis ECW/TBW was significantly correlated with only pulse pressure (r = 0.5, P = 0.003) whereas post‐dialysis ECW/TBW had significant correlations with pulse pressure, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.6, P = 0.001, r = 0.4, P = 0.04, r = −0.4, and P = 0.02, respectively). After dialysis, the mean values of ECW/TBW, systolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, and pulse pressure were significantly decreased. ECW/TBW was used to classify the patients into normohydration (≤0.4) and overhydration (>0.4) groups. Systolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, and pulse pressure significantly reduced after dialysis in the normohydration group but did not significantly change in the overhydration group. Pre‐dialysis pulse pressure, post‐dialysis pulse pressure, and post‐dialysis systolic blood pressure in the overhydration group were significantly higher than normohydration group. Due to the simplicity and cost, blood pressure parameters, especially pulse pressure, might be a simple reference for clinicians to determine hydration status in HEMO patients.