bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is YKL-40 (CHI3-L1) a new possible biomarker prognosticator in high grade glioma?
Authors: Oslobanu A. , Florian St.I. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
A biomarker is “a naturally occurring molecule, gene, or characteristic by which a particular pathological or physiological process, disease, etc. can be identified” and it could be used a measurable indicator for the presence or severity of disease state. YKL-40 is a secreted glycoprotein associated with extracellular matrix, a member of the mammalian chitinase-like proteins that is expressed in a several types of solid tumors. Although the implication of this biomarker in tissue remodeling processes or the role in cancer cell proliferation, invasiveness, angiogenesis, and remodeling of the extracellular matrix is going to be well recognized, the regulation and role in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) progression remains unknown. Using the serum level of YKL-40 as a single screening test in cancer cannot be used, but in association with other tumoral biomarkers and imaging techniques can be a useful tool as a “prognosticator.” Moreover, elucidation of the YKL-40 functions could be an attractive target for antitumor therapy.
Three-level cervical disc herniation
Authors: St. Iencean Andrei , Poeata Ion 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Multilevel cervical degenerative disc disease is well known in the cervical spine pathology, with radicular syndromes or cervical myelopathy. One or two level cervical herniated disc is common in adult and multilevel cervical degenerative disc herniation is common in the elderly, with spinal stenosis, and have the same cause: the gradual degeneration of the disc. We report the case of a patient with two level cervical disc herniation (C4 – C5 and C5 – C6) treated by anterior cervical microdiscectomy both levels and fusion at C5 – C6; after five years the patient returned with left C7 radiculopathy and MRI provided the image of a left C6 – C7 disc herniation, he underwent an anterior microsurgical discectomy with rapid relief of symptoms. Three-level cervical herniated disc are rare in adults, and the anterior microdiscectomy with or without fusion solve this pathology.
Long segment composite split cord malformation with double bony spur
Authors: Sharma Anand , Sharma Achal , Mittal R.S. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
A composite type of SCM is very rare and only a few cases have been reported until today. The frequency of composite- type SCM is lower than 1% in the literature. In this report, we presented an unusual case of long segment composite type split cord malformation with double level bony spur with multiple associated bony anomalies.
RIM1/2-Mediated Facilitation of Cav1.4 Channel Opening Is Required for Ca2+-Stimulated Release in Mouse Rod Photoreceptors
Authors: Grabner Chad P. , Gandini Maria A. , Rehak Renata , Le Yun , Zamponi Gerald W. , Schmitz Frank 
Published: September 2015

Night blindness can result from impaired photoreceptor function and a subset of cases have been linked to dysfunction of Cav1.4 calcium channels and in turn compromised synaptic transmission. Here, we show that active zone proteins RIM1/2 are important regulators of Cav1.4 channel function in mouse rod photoreceptors and thus synaptic activity. The conditional double knock-out (cdko) of RIM1 and RIM2 from rods starting a few weeks after birth did not change Cav1.4 protein expression at rod ribbon synapses nor was the morphology of the ribbon altered. Heterologous overexpression of RIM2 with Cav1.4 had no significant influence on current density when examined with BaCl2as the charge carrier. Nonetheless, whole-cell voltage-clamp recordings from cdko rods revealed a profound reduction in Ca2+currents. Concomitantly, we observed a 4-fold reduction in spontaneous miniature release events from the cdko rod terminals and an almost complete absence of evoked responses when monitoring changes in membrane incorporation after strong step depolarizations. Under control conditions, 49 and 83 vesicles were released with 0.2 and 1 s depolarizations, respectively, which is close to the maximal number of vesicles estimated to be docked at the base of the ribbon active zone, but without RIM1/2, only a few vesicles were stimulated for release after a 1 s stimulation. In conclusion, our study shows that RIM1/2 potently enhance the influx of Ca2+into rod terminals through Cav1.4 channels, which is vitally important for the release of vesicles from the rod ribbon.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTActive zone scaffolding proteins are thought to bring multiple components involved in Ca2+-dependent exocytosis into functional interactions. We show that removal of scaffolding proteins RIM1/2 from rod photoreceptor ribbon synapses causes a dramatic loss of Ca2+influx through Cav1.4 channels and a correlated reduction in evoked release, yet the channels remain localized to synaptic ribbons in a normal fashion. Our findings strongly argue that RIM1/2 facilitate Ca2+entry and in turn Ca2+evoked release by modulating Cav1.4 channel openings; however, RIM1/2 are not needed for the retention of Cav1.4 at the synapse. In summary, a key function of RIM1/2 at rod ribbons is to enhance Cav1.4 channel activity, possibly through direct or indirect modulation of the channel.
Flexible Use of Predictive Cues beyond the Orbitofrontal Cortex: Role of the Submedius Thalamic Nucleus
Authors: Alcaraz Fabien , Marchand Alain R. , Vidal Elisa , Guillou Alexandre , Faugère Angélique , Coutureau Etienne , Wolff Mathieu 
Published: September 2015

The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is known to play a crucial role in learning the consequences of specific events. However, the contribution of OFC thalamic inputs to these processes is largely unknown. Using a tract-tracing approach, we first demonstrated that the submedius nucleus (Sub) shares extensive reciprocal connections with the OFC. We then compared the effects of excitotoxic lesions of the Sub or the OFC on the ability of rats to use outcome identity to direct responding. We found that neither OFC nor Sub lesions interfered with the basic differential outcomes effect. However, more specific tests revealed that OFC rats, but not Sub rats, were disproportionally relying on the outcome, rather than on the discriminative stimulus, to guide behavior, which is consistent with the view that the OFC integrates information about predictive cues. In subsequent experiments using a Pavlovian contingency degradation procedure, we found that both OFC and Sub lesions produced a severe deficit in the ability to update Pavlovian associations. Altogether, the submedius therefore appears as a functionally relevant thalamic component in a circuit dedicated to the integration of predictive cues to guide behavior, previously conceived as essentially dependent on orbitofrontal functions.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIn the present study, we identify a largely unknown thalamic region, the submedius nucleus, as a new functionally relevant component in a circuit supporting the flexible use of predictive cues. Such abilities were previously conceived as largely dependent on the orbitofrontal cortex. Interestingly, this echoes recent findings in the field showing, in research involving an instrumental setup, an additional involvement of another thalamic nuclei, the parafascicular nucleus, when correct responding requires an element of flexibility (Bradfield et al., 2013a). Therefore, the present contribution supports the emerging view that limbic thalamic nuclei may contribute critically to adaptive responding when an element of flexibility is required after the establishment of initial learning.
Intermediate Progenitors Facilitate Intracortical Progression of Thalamocortical Axons and Interneurons through CXCL12 Chemokine Signaling
Authors: Abe Philipp , Molnár Zoltán , Tzeng Yi-Shiuan , Lai Dar-Ming , Arnold Sebastian J. , Stumm Ralf 
Published: September 2015

Glutamatergic principal neurons, GABAergic interneurons and thalamocortical axons (TCAs) are essential elements of the cerebrocortical network. Principal neurons originate locally from radial glia and intermediate progenitors (IPCs), whereas interneurons and TCAs are of extrinsic origin. Little is known how the assembly of these elements is coordinated. C-X-C motif chemokine 12 (CXCL12), which is known to guide axons outside the neural tube and interneurons in the cortex, is expressed in the meninges and IPCs. Using mouse genetics, we dissected the influence of IPC-derived CXCL12 on TCAs and interneurons by showing thatCxcl12ablation in IPCs, leaving meningealCxcl12intact, attenuates intracortical TCA growth and disrupts tangential interneuron migration in the subventricular zone. In accordance with strong CXCR4 expression in the forming thalamus and TCAs, we identified a CXCR4-dependent growth-promoting effect of CXCL12 on TCAs in thalamus explants. Together, our findings indicate a cell-autonomous role of CXCR4 in promoting TCA growth. We propose that CXCL12 signals from IPCs link cortical neurogenesis to the progression of TCAs and interneurons spatially and temporally.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe cerebral cortex exerts higher brain functions including perceptual and emotional processing. Evolutionary expansion of the mammalian cortex is mediated by intermediate progenitors, transient amplifying cells generating cortical excitatory neurons. During the peak period of cortical neurogenesis, migrating precursors of inhibitory interneurons originating in subcortical areas and thalamic axons invade the cortex. Although defects in the assembly of cortical network elements cause neurological and mental disorders, little is known how neurogenesis, interneuron recruitment, and axonal ingrowth are coordinated. We demonstrate that intermediate progenitors release the chemotactic cytokine CXCL12 to promote intracortical interneuron migration and growth of thalamic axons via the cognate receptor CXCR4. This paracrine signal may ensure thalamocortical connectivity and dispersion of inhibitory neurons in the rapidly growing cortex.
Rapid Task-Related Plasticity of Spectrotemporal Receptive Fields in the Auditory Midbrain
Authors: Slee Sean J. , David Stephen V. 
Published: September 2015

Previous research has demonstrated that auditory cortical neurons can modify their receptive fields when animals engage in auditory detection tasks. We tested for this form of task-related plasticity in the inferior colliculus (IC) of ferrets trained to detect a pure tone target in a sequence of noise distractors that did not overlap in time. During behavior, responses were suppressed at the target tone frequency in approximately half of IC neurons relative to the passive state. This suppression often resulted from a combination of a local tuning change and a global change in overall excitability. Local and global suppression were stronger when the target frequency was aligned to neuronal best frequency. Local suppression in the IC was indistinguishable from that described previously in auditory cortex, while global suppression was unique to the IC. The results demonstrate that engaging in an auditory task can change selectivity for task-relevant features in the midbrain, an area where these effects have not been reported previously.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTPrevious studies have demonstrated that the receptive fields of cortical neurons are modified when animals engage in auditory behaviors, a process that is hypothesized to provide the basis for segregating sound sources in an auditory scene. This study demonstrates for the first time that receptive fields of neurons in the midbrain inferior colliculus are also modified during behavior. The magnitude of the tuning changes is similar to previous reports in cortex. These results support a hierarchical model of behaviorally driven sound segregation that begins in the subcortical auditory network.
Age-Related Changes in 1/fNeural Electrophysiological Noise
Authors: Voytek Bradley , Kramer Mark A. , Case John , Lepage Kyle Q. , Tempesta Zechari R. , Knight Robert T. , Gazzaley Adam 
Published: September 2015

Aging is associated with performance decrements across multiple cognitive domains. The neural noise hypothesis, a dominant view of the basis of this decline, posits that aging is accompanied by an increase in spontaneous, noisy baseline neural activity. Here we analyze data from two different groups of human subjects: intracranial electrocorticography from 15 participants over a 38 year age range (15–53 years) and scalp EEG data from healthy younger (20–30 years) and older (60–70 years) adults to test the neural noise hypothesis from a 1/fnoise perspective. Many natural phenomena, including electrophysiology, are characterized by 1/fnoise. The defining characteristic of 1/fis that the power of the signal frequency content decreases rapidly as a function of the frequency (f) itself. The slope of this decay, the noise exponent (χ), is often <−1 for electrophysiological data and has been shown to approach white noise (defined as χ = 0) with increasing task difficulty. We observed, in both electrophysiological datasets, that aging is associated with a flatter (more noisy) 1/fpower spectral density, even at rest, and that visual cortical 1/fnoise statistically mediates age-related impairments in visual working memory. These results provide electrophysiological support for the neural noise hypothesis of aging.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTUnderstanding the neurobiological origins of age-related cognitive decline is of critical scientific, medical, and public health importance, especially considering the rapid aging of the world's population. We find, in two separate human studies, that 1/felectrophysiological noise increases with aging. In addition, we observe that this age-related 1/fnoise statistically mediates age-related working memory decline. These results significantly add to this understanding and contextualize a long-standing problem in cognition by encapsulating age-related cognitive decline within a neurocomputational model of 1/fnoise-induced deficits in neural communication.
Lipid Rafts Are Physiologic Membrane Microdomains Necessary for the Morphogenic and Developmental Functions of Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic FactorIn Vivo
Authors: Tsui Cynthia C. , Gabreski Nicole A. , Hein Sarah J. , Pierchala Brian A. 
Published: September 2015

Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) promotes PNS development and kidney morphogenesis via a receptor complex consisting of the glycerophosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored, ligand binding receptor GDNF family receptor α1 (GFRα1) and the receptor tyrosine kinase Ret. Although Ret signal transductionin vitrois augmented by translocation into lipid rafts via GFRα1, the existence and importance of lipid rafts in GDNF–Ret signaling under physiologic conditions is unresolved. A knock-in mouse was produced that replaced GFRα1 with GFRα1–TM, which contains a transmembrane (TM) domain instead of the GPI anchor. GFRα1–TM still binds GDNF and promotes Ret activation but does not translocate into rafts. InGfrα1TM/TMmice, GFRα1–TM is expressed, trafficked, and processed at levels identical to GFRα1. AlthoughGfrα1+/TMmice are viable,Gfrα1TM/TMmice display bilateral renal agenesis, lack enteric neurons in the intestines, and have motor axon guidance deficits, similar toGfrα1−/−mice. Therefore, the recruitment of Ret into lipid rafts by GFRα1 is required for the physiologic functions of GDNF in vertebrates.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMembrane microdomains known as lipid rafts have been proposed to be unique subdomains in the plasma membrane that are critical for the signaling functions of multiple receptor complexes. Their existence and physiologic relevance has been debated. Based onin vitrostudies, lipid rafts have been reported to be necessary for the function of the Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) family of neurotrophic factors. The receptor for GDNF comprises the lipid raft-resident, glycerophosphatidylinositol-anchored receptor GDNF family receptor α1 (GFRα1) and the receptor tyrosine kinase Ret. Here we demonstrate, using a knock-in mouse model in which GFRα1 is no longer located in lipid rafts, that the developmental functions of GDNF in the periphery require the translocation of the GDNF receptor complex into lipid rafts.
Representational Similarity of Body Parts in Human Occipitotemporal Cortex
Authors: Bracci Stefania , Caramazza Alfonso , Peelen Marius V. 
Published: September 2015

Regions in human lateral and ventral occipitotemporal cortices (OTC) respond selectively to pictures of the human body and its parts. What are the organizational principles underlying body part responses in these regions? Here we used representational similarity analysis (RSA) of fMRI data to test multiple possible organizational principles: shape similarity, physical proximity, cortical homunculus proximity, and semantic similarity. Participants viewed pictures of whole persons, chairs, and eight body parts (hands, arms, legs, feet, chests, waists, upper faces, and lower faces). The similarity of multivoxel activity patterns for all body part pairs was established in whole person-selective OTC regions. The resulting neural similarity matrices were then compared with similarity matrices capturing the hypothesized organizational principles. Results showed that the semantic similarity model best captured the neural similarity of body parts in lateral and ventral OTC, which followed an organization in three clusters: (1) body parts used as action effectors (hands, feet, arms, and legs), (2) noneffector body parts (chests and waists), and (3) face parts (upper and lower faces). Whole-brain RSA revealed, in addition to OTC, regions in parietal and frontal cortex in which neural similarity was related to semantic similarity. In contrast, neural similarity in occipital cortex was best predicted by shape similarity models. We suggest that the semantic organization of body parts in high-level visual cortex relates to the different functions associated with the three body part clusters, reflecting the unique processing and connectivity demands associated with the different types of information (e.g., action, social) different body parts (e.g., limbs, faces) convey.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWhile the organization of body part representations in motor and somatosensory cortices has been well characterized, the principles underlying body part representations in visual cortex have not yet been explored. In the present fMRI study we used multivoxel pattern analysis and representational similarity analysis to characterize the organization of body maps in human occipitotemporal cortex (OTC). Results indicate that visual and shape dimensions do not fully account for the organization of body part representations in OTC. Instead, the representational structure of body maps in OTC appears strongly related to functional-semantic properties of body parts. We suggest that this organization reflects the unique processing and connectivity demands associated with the different types of information different body parts convey.
Antisemitismo en Vasconcelos: antiamericanismo, nacionalismo y misticismo estético
Authors: Jerade Dana Miriam 
Published: September 2015

El presente artículo analiza las construcciones antisemitas en el discurso de José Vasconcelos durante la década de los treinta y principios de los cuarenta, principalmente en la revista Timón, publicación que expresaba abiertamente simpatía por el nacionalsocialismo, que se publicó durante algunos meses en 1940 y que Vasconcelos dirigió. Mi objetivo será analizar cómo el antisemitismo se relaciona tanto con sus ideas nacionalistas como con sus nociones de raza y de qué manera su atracción por el nacionalsocialismo se podría explicar por la dimensión estética y romántica de su pensamiento político.
This article analyzes anti-Semitic constructions in the discourse of José Vasconcelos throughout the 1930s and into the early 1940s, focusing on the magazine Timón, which openly supported national socialism, and which was published for a few months in 1940, under the direction of Vasconcelos. My aim is to examine how anti-Semitism is linked both to Vasconcelos's ideas about nationalism and race, and how the aesthetic and romantic dimensions of Vasconcelos's political thought help to explain his attraction toward national socialism.
La autorreferencia como estrategia comunicativa de la organización Comité de Cafeteros del Quindío
Authors: Ocampo Villegas María Cristina 
Published: September 2015

La imagen y el prestigio de la institucionalidad cafetera en Colombia han cambiado a lo largo de los ochenta y siete años de existencia de la agremiación. En los últimos veinte años del siglo XX, gran parte de los caficultores identificaron a los Comités de Cafeteros y a la Federación como salvadores y orientadores de su quehacer cotidiano. Aunque esta imagen y este prestigio estuvieron ligados a las acciones económicas adelantadas, la comunicación y, en particular, el uso de la autorreferencia como mecanismo persuasivo, fueron herramientas utilizadas para conseguir cohesión y apoyo de los campesinos que constituían las bases. El presente trabajo analiza el uso de la autorreferencia dentro de las estrategias de comunicación que adelantó el Comité de Cafeteros del Quindío con los campesinos cultivadores, en el periodo 1992-2010. La investigación, de carácter descriptivo, se realizó a partir del análisis de la columna "Cafetero con Garra", publicada en el periódico institucional Actualidad Cafetera. Se destaca el marcado interés de la agremiación por reforzar en los caficultores el sentido de alto estatus de la actividad, reconocer la importancia económica y social del café y resaltar las ventajas que tiene el ser un buen cafetero, según criterios de la organización. Con este trabajo se pretende rescatar algunas estrategias comunicativas que pueden contribuir a mejorar las relaciones que las organizaciones gremiales campesinas realizan con sus bases, en la actualidad.
Compromisso com a RSE no Pacto Global da Organização das Nações Unidas
Authors: Castelo Branco Manuel , Castelo Branco Delgado , Baptista Isabel 
Published: September 2015

Neste trabalho, analisou-se o compromisso com a Responsabilidade Social Empresarial (RSE) na Europa procurando-se verificar se há diferenças de comportamento em função da região de origem. O compromisso com a RSE foi analisado por meio do grau de descumprimento da exigência de divulgação de um relatório designado Communication on Progress por parte do Pacto Global da Organização das Nações Unidas (PG-ONU) e a percentagem de empresas pioneiras na adesão ao PG-ONU. Usou-se uma amostra de países europeus com empresas aderentes a essa iniciativa da ONU. Os resultados sugerem que o compromisso para com a RSE é maior por parte das empresas do países da Europa Ocidental quando comparados com os países do Ex-Bloco de Leste e que é nos países da Europa Ocidental em que a economia coordenada é mais forte (os países nórdicos) que esse compromisso é maior.