bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morgan Stanley raises women’s interest in investment banking
Authors: Pollitt David 
Published: November 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to observe how Morgan Stanley is seeking to overcome misconceptions about the nature of investment banking, concern over work–life balance and fears of the existence of a glass ceiling.

Design/methodology/approach
– It outlines the bank’s various initiatives to connect with women during their studies or at an early stage in their careers.

Findings
– It highlights the importance of outreach work with schools and universities, plus the key role played at the bank by women’s networking groups.

Practical implications
– It reveals that the company won the 2013 Opportunity Now inspiring the workforce of the future award for its initiatives aimed at increasing the proportion of women in its top jobs.

Social implications
– It reveals how a major investment bank is seeking to challenge the macho image of investment banking.

Originality/value
– It explains that Morgan Stanley reached more than 1,600 women at female-specific events in 2012 alone. It views this approach to building a female talent pipeline as a multi-year strategy.
AWB turns crisis into a scandal
Authors: Pollitt David 
Published: November 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to highlight the circumstances in which a crisis-response strategy can compound a crisis. The paper focuses on AWB Ltd, Australia, where the organizational damage of a “cover-up” caused additional damage to the company.

Design/methodology/approach
– It provides an insight into the application of theories and research on crisis and reputation management and the specific challenges and risks of corporate scandals.

Findings
– It demonstrates that corporate scandals can easily descend into a secondary or “double crisis” if incorrectly managed, or even mismanaged.

Practical implications
– Examines the initial failed response strategy and the more appropriate response eventually undertaken by the company.

Originality/value
– Offers the additional insights of the author, as a former member of the management team at the company.
Generating historically-based stress scenarios using parsimonious factorization
Authors: Bogin Alexander , Doerner William 
Published: November 2014

Purpose
– This paper aims to describe a robust empirical approach to generating plausible historically based interest rate shocks, which can be applied to any market environment. These interest rate shocks can be readily linked to movements in other key risk factors, and used to measure market risk on institutions with large fixed-income portfolios.

Design/methodology/approach
– Using yield curve factorization, we parameterize a time series of historical yield curves and measure interest rate shocks as the historical change in each of the model’s factors. We then demonstrate how to add these parameterized shocks to any market environment, while retaining positive rates and plausible credit spreads. Given a set of shocked interest rate curves, joint risk factor movements are calculated based upon historical, reduced form dependencies.

Findings
– Our approach is based upon yield curve parameterization and requires a parsimonious yet flexible factorization model. In the process of selecting a model, we evaluate three variants of the Nelson–Siegel approach to yield curve approximation and find that, in the current low interest rate environment, a 5-factor parameterization developed by Björk and Christensen (1999) is best suited for accurately translating historical interest rate movements into plausible, current period shocks.

Originality/value
– An accurate measure of market risk can help to inform institutions about the amount of capital needed to withstand a series of adverse market events. A plausible set of shocks is required to ensure market value, and cash flow projections are indicative of meaningful market sensitivities.
The effects of culture on leadership styles in China, Germany and Russia
Authors: Richardson Jessie , Millage Phil , Millage Jacob , Lane Samuel 
Published: November 2014

Purpose
– This study aims to examine how the leadership styles in the business world of paternalistic China, imperative Germany and authoritative Russia are affected by the distinguishing cultures of each country.

Design/methodology/approach
– The information contained throughout this paper was collected through online research of databases as well as primary data collections.

Findings
– The findings showed that leadership styles of a country can be traced back to the culture values of that country. Even with all countries having a different culture and different leadership styles, in each one both constructs strongly overlap each other.

Originality/value
– This paper contributes to the narrow comparisons of leadership styles between these countries. Value is added by studying the separate leadership styles in very different cultures, and how they affect the business world in their culture.
A retail perspective on the shopping behavior, cultures and personalities for China, United Arab Emirates, Belgium, India, Germany and America
Authors: Thomas Taylor , E. Carraher Charles 
Published: November 2014

Purpose
– This study aims to examine the shopping behaviors (online and in store), cultures and personalities of consumers within China, Belgium, India and Germany, and compares them to American shopping behaviors and to each other.

Design/methodology/approach
– The data were collected through literature research and personality, cultural and shopping behavior research was assessed via surveys, while customer service oriented behaviors were measured through direct observation and survey methods using structured questionnaires and other approaches for data collection.

Findings
– The findings showed implications of anticipating consumer’s behavioral responses, as well as the cultural and personality differences. The findings may help retailers with strategic business strategies to assess what attracts consumers the most and the least and then use this advantage to become successful internationally.

Originality/value
– The current study is original, in that it uses multiple methods to collect data allowing for comparison across shopping industry groups including retail managers and even consumers themselves. Primary data of this type are difficult to obtain in China. This study contributes to the literature by showing that different industries may have different requirements in terms of the relationship between personalities and customer service levels among managers.
Arab and Middle Eastern business research: a review of the empirical literature (1990-2013)
Authors: Kalliny Morris , Benmamoun Mamoun 
Published: November 2014

Purpose– The purpose of the current study is to examine the empirical research conducted on the Arab region as reported in the top 46 business journals over the past 23 years (1990-2013). After identifying patterns over time (focal country and methodologies), the identified methodological challenges that scholars have reported in their published research are presented.Design/methodology/approach– The Arab region in this study comprised all 22 member-countries in the Arab League. We also added three other countries that are very much tied to the Arab region and are usually included in the Middle East: Turkey, Israel and Iran. Following the recommendations of previous authors (DuBois and Reeb, 2000; Nicholls-Nixonet al., 2011; Martinez and Kalliny, 2012), published articles are reviewed, but not book chapters, book reviews and dissertation abstracts from our sample, as they do not meet the sample selection criteria (Inkpen and Beamish, 1994; Samiee and Athanassiou, 1998).Findings– As Table I indicates, the Arab region has not received much attention in the top business journals as evidenced by the number of articles published from 1990 to 2013. No papers were published in many of the top management journals such as theAcademy of Management Review and Strategic Management Journal. Few found publication in other top management outlets such as theAcademy of Management Journal, theAdministrative Science Quarterly, theJournal of Managementand theJournal of Management Studies. Our sample also revealed a similar result in the field of marketing where there are also no papers published in some of the top marketing journals such as theJournal of Marketing Research,Journal of Consumer Psychology and Marketing Science. There was one paper published in theJournal of Marketingand one in theJournal of Retailing. Bearing in mind that this literature review covered a span of 23 years, these results indicate an under-representation of the Arab region as an empirical context. This trend has started to change after the eruption of the Arab Spring. Academic business research on the Arab region has increased significantly since then. Another significant finding is the lack of investigation of the firm and country factors in studying the region.Originality/value– As the world becomes increasingly connected and the fates of countries and regions become more intertwined, it is imperative that scholars and practitioners acquire a deeper understanding of individual countries and regions, particularly those that have been relatively understudied in the extant academic research (i.e. the Arab region). While there is a substantial body of Asian management research, as well as several comprehensive literature reviews of other regions (Bruton and Lau, 2008), a systematic review of Arab and Middle Eastern business research has not been undertaken. Despite much regional attention in political science research due to the Arab – Israel conflict, management research has lagged behind.
Strategy lessons from the FIFA World Cup 2014
Authors: Mathur Anshul , Pillania Rajesh 
Published: November 2014

Findings
– Lesson 1: Regions still matter and localization helps. Lesson 2: Innovate before your competence gets commoditized or neutralized by a counter strategy. Lesson 3: There is no ONE right strategy; do proper SWOT to determine your strategy. Lesson 4: Adapt- modify your strategy as per the situation Lesson 5: Surprise element can be a big source of competitive advantage.
Sustainability, NGOs, and commerce
Authors: Guru Prabhakar Dr 
Published: November 2014

Purpose
– This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies.

Design/methodology/approach
– This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds personal impartial comments and places the articles in context.

Findings
– Examines the growth in international sport marketing, considers factors such as globalization which have fuelled the process, looks at practical implications and provides research avenues for future exploration.

Practical implications
– The paper provides strategic insights and practical thinking that have influenced some of the world’s leading organizations.

Originality/value
– The briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.
Local people's perceptions of participating in conservation in a heritage site: A case study of the Wuyishan Scenery District cultural and natural heritage site in Southeastern China
Authors: You Wei‐bin , He Dong‐jin , Hong Wei , Liu Cui , Wu Li‐yun , Ji Zhi‐rong , Xiao Shi‐hong 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe perceptions and attitudes of local people in heritage sites strongly influence their behaviour related to protecting heritage resources and improving management. In this study, we collected pertinent data through a questionnaire and group discussions to examine local people's attitudes and perceptions toward participation in heritage protection in Wuyishan Scenery District (WSD). Logistic regression was used to identify the factors that influence local people's perceptions of heritage protection behaviours. The results indicate that education level is the most critical factor in local people's initiatives to protect heritage resources. Local people with higher education levels pay more attention to the status of WSD and behave more positively with regard to conservation. Gender and income are relatively important factors in perceptions of heritage. Males have better knowledge of heritage resources than females do, and inhabitants with higher income levels are more likely to participate in protection, especially after WSD was listed as a World Heritage Site. Education level was always a key demographic factor before and after WSD's listing on the Heritage List. Household size was a significant factor before WSD was listed on the Heritage List, but it was not significant after, when household income became a significant factor.
The illusion of no control: management control systems facilitating autonomous motivation in university research
Authors: Sutton Nicole C. , Brown David A. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAutonomous motivation, a fundamental factor influencing research success, can be undermined when people feel pressured, managed or controlled. So how do universities – which are under increasing external pressure to manage research activities to produce outcomes – exert management control without threatening the autonomous motivation of their researchers? We address this question through an exploratory case study of the management control systems used in two university faculties. Our results confirm the importance of autonomous motivation in driving researchers’ activity and show how incentives, performance evaluation and cultural–administrative structures can be designed to not only preserve, but also enhance and leverage this motivation.
MANDATORY COOPERATIVES AND THE FREE RIDER PROBLEM: THE CASE OF SANTO WINES IN SANTORINI, GREECE
Authors: ILIOPOULOS Constantine , THEODORAKOPOULOU Irini 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTThis paper addresses the issue of how the institutional environment shapes cooperatives' ability to address the free rider problem and combat intra‐organizational challenges. Particularly we focus on Santo Wines, a mandatory wine cooperative based on the island of Santorini, Greece; membership of local grape‐growers in the cooperative is compulsory by law. We shed light on Santo Wines' evolution since its formation, the intensity of the free rider problem facing the cooperative as well as on available options in case it loses its mandatory status. We argue that the cooperative might be able to survive and succeed without its mandatory status under certain conditions derived from Ostrom's eight core design principles for the efficacy of groups.
Chronic phalaris toxicity in eastern grey kangaroos (Macropus giganteus)
Authors: Bacci B , Whiteley PL , Barrow M , Phillips PH , Dalziel J , El‐Hage CM 
Published: November 2014

Case reportSeven eastern grey kangaroos (Macropus giganteus) grazing pastures including Phalaris spp. in Victoria showed neurological deficits characterised by ataxia, head tremors and collapse. Gross examination of the brains and spinal cords of affected kangaroos showed a greenish discolouration in several regions of the grey matter. Histologically, intracytoplasmic accumulation of pigment granules was detected in the neurons, most prominently in the thalamus, brainstem and ventral horns of the spinal cord. Pigment granules were positive to stains used for identification of melanin, including Fontana‐Masson stain and Schmorl's reaction.ConclusionThe combination of clinical signs and obvious neuronal pigmentation is consistent with chronic Phalaris spp. toxicity, a condition well documented in domestic ruminants.
A succession of theories: purging redundancy from disturbance theory
Authors: Pulsford Stephanie A. , Lindenmayer David B. , Driscoll Don A. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTThe topics
of succession and post‐disturbance ecosystem recovery have a long and convoluted history. There is extensive redundancy within this body of theory, which has resulted in confusion, and the links among theories have not been adequately drawn. This review aims to distil the unique ideas from the array of theory related to ecosystem change in response to disturbance. This will help to reduce redundancy, and improve communication and understanding between researchers. We first outline the broad range of concepts that have developed over the past century to describe community change in response to disturbance. The body of work spans overlapping succession concepts presented by Clements in 1916, Egler in 1954, and Connell and Slatyer in 1977. Other theories describing community change include state and transition models, biological legacy theory, and the application of functional traits to predict responses to disturbance. Second, we identify areas of overlap of these theories, in addition to highlighting the conceptual and taxonomic limitations of each. In aligning each of these theories with one another, the limited scope and relative inflexibility of some theories becomes apparent, and redundancy becomes explicit. We identify a set of unique concepts to describe the range of mechanisms driving ecosystem responses to disturbance. We present a schematic model of our proposed synthesis which brings together the range of unique mechanisms that were identified in our review. The model describes five main mechanisms of transition away from a post‐disturbance community: (i) pulse events with rapid state shifts; (ii) stochastic community drift; (iii) facilitation; (iv) competition; and (v) the influence of the initial composition of a post‐disturbance community. In addition, stabilising processes such as biological legacies, inhibition or continuing disturbance may prevent a transition between community types. Integrating these six mechanisms with the functional trait approach is likely to improve the predictive capacity of disturbance theory. Finally, we complement our discussion of theory with a case study which emphasises that many post‐disturbance theories apply simultaneously to the same ecosystem. Using the well‐studied mountain ash (Eucalyptus regnans) forests of south‐eastern Australia, we illustrate phenomena that align with six of the theories described in our model of rationalised disturbance theory. We encourage further work to improve our schematic model, increase coverage of disturbance‐related theory, and to show how the model may link to, or integrate with, other domains of ecological theory.
Forkhead box protein 3+ regulatory T cells and Helios+ subset in perinatally acquired HIV
Authors: Degaffe G , Zakhour R , Zhang W , Contreras G A , Bell C S , Rodriguez G , Del Bianco G , Pérez N , Benjamins L J , Murphy J R , Heresi G P , Tran D Q 
Published: November 2014

SummaryForkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3)+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are important not only in regulating the development of autoimmune conditions, but also in chronic infectious diseases. Given their cardinal function in suppressing immune activation, research has focused upon whether they play a detrimental role in chronic infections, particularly HIV. While the role of Tregs in HIV has been investigated intensively, it remains an unresolved topic. However, it is generally accepted that Tregs are susceptible to HIV infection and are preferentially preserved over conventional CD4+ T cells. It is unknown whether the peripheral-induced or the thymic-derived Tregs are more susceptible to HIV cytotoxicity. It has been recognized that Tregs can be segregated into two subsets based on Helios expression, with the vast majority being Helios+. This study examines the impact of HIV infection on total Tregs and their Helios subsets in a perinatal-acquired HIV-infected paediatric population. The finding indicates a selective expansion or survival of Tregs in association with CD4 depletion and increased viraemia. The Helios+ and Helios− subsets within Tregs appear to be equally affected. However, the Helios+ Tregs seem to be more preserved in patients with low CD4+ ≤ 25% and detectable plasma HIV RNA &gt;20 copies/ml. In this group, the frequencies of Tregs are increased, but their numbers appear insufficient to restrain immune activation. In conclusion, our findings suggest that both Helios subsets of Tregs are susceptible to HIV infection and are preferentially preserved compared to conventional CD4+ T cells.
The results of seton drainage combined with anti‐TNFα therapy for anal fistula in Crohn's disease
Authors: Haennig A. , Staumont G. , Lepage B. , Faure P. , Alric L. , Buscail L. , Bournet B. , Moreau J. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAimCombined infliximab and sphincter‐sparing surgery can be effective in perianal fistula associated with Crohn's disease (CD). This study aimed to assess the efficacy of local surgery combined with infliximab on sustained fistula closure and to identify predictive factors for response after this combined treatment.MethodBetween 2000 and 2010, 81 patients with fistulising perianal CD were included in this observational study. Drainage with a loose seton was followed by infliximab therapy. The primary end‐points were the rate of complete fistula closure and time required for this to occur.ResultsThe fistula was complex in 71 (88%) of the 81 patients. Local proctological surgery was carried out in 77 (95%), including seton drainage in 62 (80.5%) of these. This was continued for a median duration of 3.8 months and the patient then received infliximab therapy. The median follow‐up after treatment was 64 months (2–263). Initial complete closure of the fistula occurred in 71 (88%) cases at a median interval of 12.4 months (1–147) from the start of treatment. Recurrence was observed in 29 (41%) patients at a median interval of 38.5 months (2–48) from the start of treatment. They were treated again with combined treatment with successful closure in 19 (65.5%) patients. The total rate of closure of the fistula was 75.3%. Female gender, anal stenosis, rectovaginal and complex fistula formation were factors independently associated with failure of combined treatment.ConclusionSeton drainage for several months combined with infliximab therapy is effective in closing the fistula in 75% of patients with complex perianal fistula formation associated with CD.
Prospective analysis of risk for bleeding after endoscopic biopsy without cessation of antithrombotics in Japan
Authors: Ara Nobuyuki , Iijima Katsunori , Maejima Ryuhei , Kondo Yutaka , Kusaka Gen , Hatta Waku , Uno Kaname , Asano Naoki , Koike Tomoyuki , Imatani Akira , Shimosegawa Tooru 
Published: November 2014

Background and AimIn Japan, after the revision of the gastrointestinal endoscopic guidelines for patients taking antithrombotics, endoscopic biopsies were permitted while continuing antithrombotic treatment. However, the risk of bleeding after the biopsy with or without cessation of antithrombotics has not been fully evaluated because bleeding events are very rare. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the risk for bleeding after upper gastrointestinal biopsy without cessation of antithrombotics.MethodsConsecutive patients who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopic biopsy from December 2011 to March 2014 were enrolled in this study. Antithrombotic medication and its cessation status was checked at enrollment. To confirm bleeding events associated with biopsy, medical examination at the hospital or direct confirmation by telephone was done within 1 month after the biopsy.ResultsAmong the 3758 patients who underwent endoscopic biopsies, 394 patients (10.5%) were medicated with antithrombotics, and 286 of them (72.6% of the total antithrombotics users) did not undergo cessation. Bleeding after the biopsy occurred in six cases (0.15%, 95% CI; 0.09%∼0.22%), but there was only one case that had continued taking antithrombotics. The incidence of bleeding after biopsy was not significantly higher in the patients who had continued taking antithrombotics compared with the others (0.35% vs 0.14%, P = 0.38).ConclusionThis prospective study showed that continuation of antithrombotics did not increase the bleeding risk after upper gastrointestinal endoscopic biopsy.