bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Addressing the intensity of rehabilitation evidence-practice gap: rapid review, stakeholder perspectives and recommendations for upper limb rehabilitation after acquired brain injury
Authors: Lannin Natasha A , Pellegrini Michael , Smith Madeleine J , Jolliffe Laura , Morris Meg E ,   Translating Research into Practice Upper Limb Stroke Rehabilitation Research Initiative
Published: July 2024

Background/Aims For people living with acquired brain injury from stroke or trauma, clinical practice guidelines recommend high-intensity physical rehabilitation to optimise motor outcomes. There is an acknowledged evidence–practice gap between routine clinical practice and the amount, intensity and type of active upper limb rehabilitation recommended in research-informed guidelines. The aims of this study were to identify methods used to facilitate high doses of upper limb practice in published trials, understand stakeholder perspectives of the barriers and enablers to these methods in hospital settings, and to synthesise findings to form an evidence-based action plan for rehabilitation professionals, service providers and adults living with an acquired brain injury. Methods A rapid systematic literature review and a series of qualitative interviews with service users and rehabilitation clinicians explored the evidence on intensity and the experience of high intensity rehabilitation following brain injury and stroke. Triangulating this mixed method evidence, recommendations were generated on how to increase upper limb rehabilitation intensity during inpatient therapy. Results There was consensus in the literature that high-dose motor training improves a person's ability to move their hand and arm after brain injury and stroke. Trials mostly delivered therapy programmes as a replacement to usual care; however, it was unclear how high-intensity therapy was integrated into usual rehabilitation. Methods employed to increase the intensity of upper limb rehabilitation included strategies to optimise engagement (eg encourage independent practice and more practice); clinician-related processes (eg self-auditing, use of groups); environmental factors (eg equipment, dedicated space); and organisational influences (eg professional development, dedicated research positions and mentoring). Qualitative data showed that barriers and facilitators stem from service user factors (eg cognitive ability, advanced age, cultural mores) as well as clinician factors (eg quality of the therapeutic relationship, type and quality of therapist instructions). Organisational factors such as a strong research culture and a commitment to evidence-based practice positively influenced outcomes. Conclusions There is capacity to increase the intensity of upper limb rehabilitation by optimising organisational support and systems, as well as greater service user engagement in therapy processes. Implications for practice Rehabilitation clinicians have long understood that dose is a critical component of motor training. Findings may assist with structuring upper limb rehabilitation programs and addressing clinician factors to increase the intensity of therapy.
Factors associated with the willingness to provide telerehabilitation by physiotherapists treating older adults or people with neurological diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden
Authors: Humphries Sophia , Bezuidenhout Lucian , Häger Charlotte K. , Moulaee Conradsson David 
Published: July 2024

Background
While telerehabilitation is a promising alternative to traditional rehabilitation, previous studies suggest that it is still underutilised by physiotherapists. The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with the willingness, and use of, telerehabilitation among physiotherapists.

Method
An online survey, covering self-reported use of, and attitudes toward telerehabilitation during the COVID-19 pandemic, was distributed to physiotherapists who were members of the Swedish Association of Physiotherapists and working in geriatrics or neurology in Sweden.

Results
A total of 307 responding physiotherapists were included, most of whom were female (n = 277, 90.2%), working full-time (n = 225, 73.3%), had a bachelor’s degree in physiotherapy as their highest education (n = 238, 77.8%) and working in community care settings (n = 131, 43.0%). Overall, 42.3% responded that they would be willing to work with telerehabilitation daily and 47% responded that they had previously worked with telerehabilitation to some degree during the COVID-19 pandemic. Logistic regression analysis revealed that feeling comfortable using digital tools (OR = 1.81, P = .043), believing that telerehabilitation increases the accessibility of rehabilitation (OR = 2.27, P = .009), and that patients will appreciate it (OR = 2.10, P = .025), were significantly associated with willingness to work daily with telerehabilitation. Working in primary care or rehabilitation centres (OR = 3.48, P < .012), having previously used telerehabilitation (OR = 55.86, P < .001), and perceiving the workplace reimbursement system as facilitating telerehabilitation (OR = 8.24, P = .003), were factors significantly associated with reported use of telerehabilitation during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Conclusion
Among physiotherapists in Sweden, willingness to use telerehabilitation is largely associated with personal attitudes towards it, whereas reported use of telerehabilitation appears to be related to organisational factors. These findings could be used to shape future implementation of telerehabilitation practices in geriatric and neurorehabilitation in Sweden and contribute to the broader understanding of telerehabilitation among physiotherapists across different contexts.
Tobacco use and its associated factors among students of medical college at tertiary care center of Eastern Nepal
Authors: Adhikari Pratik , Yadav Pramodman Singh , Khadka Rama , Kafle Sujan , Rayamajhi Anusha , Bhurtel Min Raj , Adhikari Santosh , Shrestha Manisha , Chettri Varsha , Upreti Manish , Gautam Prajwal , Dhungana Shreya , Dawadi Suyash , Adhikari Prakriti , Koirala Aakash 
Published: July 2024

Background
Despite declining smoking prevalence globally, South Asia faces a rising burden. In Nepal, existing tobacco control laws haven’t curbed use, with 28.9% of young adults engaging in tobacco use. This study investigates tobacco use and associated factors among medical, dental, and nursing students at a Nepalese tertiary care center.

Objective
We aimed to assess tobacco use prevalence and identify factors associated with it among future healthcare professionals, considering their distinct roles in tobacco control. Medical students can contribute through clinical counseling and public health advocacy, dental students through oral health education, and nursing students through patient education and community outreach.

Methods
A cross-sectional study involving 427 medical, dental, and nursing students was conducted. Data was collected using online questionnaires distributed via email and social media. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests were used for analysis.

Results
The study found that 45% of participants were aged 22–25, with females comprising the majority (53.2%). Nearly half (49.2%) belonged to the medical faculty, and 24.4% were in their first year. Furthermore, among those who smoke, 53% reported smoking less than 5 cigarettes daily. The analysis revealed significant associations between smoking with age (p = 0.01), year of study (p = 0.001), parental smoking history (p = 0.001), and having friends who smoke (p = 0.001).

Conclusion
Our findings highlight the moderate prevalence of cigarette smoking among medical students, with family and friends emerging as major influences. Stress relief was a common reason, particularly among young females and first-year students. These results emphasize the urgent need for comprehensive tobacco control programs within medical institutions to equip future healthcare professionals to effectively address smoking issues.
Evaluating the competency of ChatGPT in MRCP Part 1 and a systematic literature review of its capabilities in postgraduate medical assessments
Authors: Vij Oliver , Calver Henry , Myall Nikki , Dey Mrinalini , Kouranloo Koushan 
Published: July 2024

Objectives
As a large language model (LLM) trained on a large data set, ChatGPT can perform a wide array of tasks without additional training. We evaluated the performance of ChatGPT on postgraduate UK medical examinations through a systematic literature review of ChatGPT’s performance in UK postgraduate medical assessments and its performance on Member of Royal College of Physicians (MRCP) Part 1 examination.

Methods
Medline, Embase and Cochrane databases were searched. Articles discussing the performance of ChatGPT in UK postgraduate medical examinations were included in the systematic review. Information was extracted on exam performance including percentage scores and pass/fail rates.
MRCP UK Part 1 sample paper questions were inserted into ChatGPT-3.5 and -4 four times each and the scores marked against the correct answers provided.

Results
12 studies were ultimately included in the systematic literature review.
ChatGPT-3.5 scored 66.4% and ChatGPT-4 scored 84.8% on MRCP Part 1 sample paper, which is 4.4% and 22.8% above the historical pass mark respectively. Both ChatGPT-3.5 and -4 performance was significantly above the historical pass mark for MRCP Part 1, indicating they would likely pass this examination.
ChatGPT-3.5 failed eight out of nine postgraduate exams it performed with an average percentage of 5.0% below the pass mark.
ChatGPT-4 passed nine out of eleven postgraduate exams it performed with an average percentage of 13.56% above the pass mark. ChatGPT-4 performance was significantly better than ChatGPT-3.5 in all examinations that both models were tested on.

Conclusion
ChatGPT-4 performed at above passing level for the majority of UK postgraduate medical examinations it was tested on. ChatGPT is prone to hallucinations, fabrications and reduced explanation accuracy which could limit its potential as a learning tool. The potential for these errors is an inherent part of LLMs and may always be a limitation for medical applications of ChatGPT.
The Future of the Professions: How Technology Will Transform the Professions, Richard Susskind and Danel Susskind (2015)
Authors: Ward Joel S. 
Published: July 2024

Review of: The Future of the Professions: How Technology Will Transform the Professions, Richard Susskind and Danel Susskind (2015)
Oxford: Oxford University Press, 346 pp.,
ISBN 978-0-19871-339-5, h/bk, USD 22.95
Body on the Barricades: Life, Art, and Resistance in Contemporary India, Brahma Prakash (2023)
Authors: Kapur Jyotsna 
Published: July 2024

Review of: Body on the Barricades: Life, Art, and Resistance in Contemporary India, Brahma Prakash (2023)
Delhi: LeftWord Books, 210 pp.,
ISBN 978-9-39201-810-7, p/bk, $18
Consequências da Guerrilha do Araguaia para os Indígenas Aikewara
Authors: Gomes Araújo Vanalda 
Published: July 2024

Este artigo tem como objetivo debater as consequências culturais, territoriais e psicológicas para o povo Aikewara com a Guerrilha do Araguaia. Este fenômeno histórico que ocorreu no Sudeste do Pará no período entre os anos de 1970 a 1975, época em que o Brasil vivia sob o Regime Militar, ficou durante vários anos esquecido na história do país, mas veio à tona a partir de 2014 com a instalação da Comissão Nacional da Verdade – CNV. Com a instalação da CNV, as investigações foram divididas por setores e um deles investigou a participação dos Indígenas e as consequências sofrida por eles. Para realização deste artigo, optamos pela metodologia de pesquisa documental, como também revisão bibliográfica de materiais produzidos por outros pesquisadores. Apresentamos os resultados desta pesquisa através deste artigo.
Palavras-chave: Aikewara. Guerrilha do Araguaia. Território.
Iatrogenic Atrial Septal Defect After MitraClip Transcatheter Edge-to-Edge Repair: To Close or Not to Close?
Authors: Abdelsalam Mariem , Younus Raghad , Abdalla Lamis F. , Almanfi Abdelkader 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The evolution of percutaneous procedures that use transseptal puncture to treat left-sided structural heart disease has led to the emergence of iatrogenic atrial septal defects as a potential complication. These defects can result in hemodynamic decompensation and worsening clinical outcomes. Some iatrogenic atrial septal defects require immediate closure, others do not. This case report presents 2 patients who underwent transcatheter edge-to-edge mitral valve repair with transseptal puncture and required iatrogenic atrial septal defect closure (1 immediate and 1 delayed). The goal of this report is to highlight iatrogenic atrial septal defect assessment and the possible need for closure after transseptal puncture.
Exposure to neonicotinoid pesticides induces physiological disorders and affects color performance and foraging behavior in goldfish
Authors: Kakuta Izuru , Takase Kiyomi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe investigated the effects of neonicotinoid pesticides (NEOs) on the spontaneous swimming and foraging behavior, as well as the morphological and physiological changes of goldfish. Most fish reared in thiamethoxam (THM)‐sprayed rice fields showed the scales easily peeled off, and increased ascites. Some individuals showed decreased bio‐defense activity and low plasma Ca2+. Similar changes were found in the exposure test to THM (1.0 and 20.0 μg/L) and dinotefuran (1.2 and 23.5 μg/L). Next, the effects of a low concentration of THM (1.0 μg/L) on the spontaneous swimming and foraging behavior of fish were examined. Fish exposed to THM for 1 week became restless and had increased the swimming performance, especially under natural light, white LED lighting and blue LED lighting. Goldfish exposed to THM had also increased intake of shiny white beads under green LED illumination. These results indicate that the exposure to NEO, even for a short period and at low levels, not only suppressed bio‐defense activities and metabolic abnormalities, but also stress response, the swimming and foraging behavior of the fish are likely to be significantly suffered.
Normalized solutions for Sobolev critical fractional Schrödinger equation
Authors: Li Quanqing , Nie Jianjun , Wang Wenbo , Zhou Jianwen 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In the present study, we investigate the existence of the normalized solutions to Sobolev critical fractional Schrödinger equation:

(

−
Δ

)

s

u
+
λ
u
=
f

(

u

)

+

∣
u
∣

2

s

*

−
2

u
,

in

R

N

,

(

P

m

)

∫

R

N

∣
u
∣

2

d
x
=

m

2

,

\hspace{14em}\left\{\begin{array}{ll}{\left(-\Delta )}^{s}u+\lambda u=f\left(u)+{| u| }^{{2}_{s}^{* }-2}u,\hspace{1.0em}& \hspace{0.1em}\text{in}\hspace{0.1em}\hspace{0.33em}{{\mathbb{R}}}^{N},\hspace{12em}<mml:mpadded xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
voffset="-2.9ex">\left({P}_{m})</mml:mpadded>\\ \mathop{\displaystyle \int }\limits_{{{\mathbb{R}}}^{N}}{| u| }^{2}{\rm{d}}x={m}^{2},\hspace{1.0em}\end{array}\right.

where

0
<
s
<
1

0\lt s\lt 1

,

N
≥
2

N\ge 2

,

m
>
0

m\gt 0

,

2

s

*

≔

2
N

N
−
2
s

{2}_{s}^{* }:= \frac{2N}{N-2s}

,

λ

\lambda

is an unknown parameter that will appear as a Lagrange multiplier, and

f

f

is a mass supercritical and Sobolev subcritical nonlinearity. Under fairly general assumptions about

f

f

, with the aid of the Pohozaev manifold and concentration-compactness principle, we obtain a couple of the normalized solution to

(

P

m

)

\left({P}_{m})

. We mainly extend the results of Appolloni and Secchi (Normalized solutions for the fractional NLS with mass supercritical nonlinearity, J. Differential Equations 286 (2021), 248–283) concerning the above problem from Sobolev subcritical setting to Sobolev critical setting, and also extend the results of Jeanjean and Lu (A mass supercritical problem revisited, Calc. Var. 59 (2020), 174) from classical Schrödinger equation to fractional Schrödinger equation involving Sobolev critical growth. More importantly, our result settles an open problem raised by Soave (Normalized ground states for the NLS equation with combined nonlinearities: The Sobolev critical case, J. Funct. Anal. 279 (2020), 108610), when

s
=
1

s=1

.
An ultrasensitive DNA-enhanced amplification method for detecting cfDNA drug-resistant mutations in non-small cell lung cancer with selective FEN-assisted degradation of dominant somatic fragments
Authors: Zhang Junhua , Li Yifei , Huang Wei , Sun Gaoyuan , Ren Hongjun , Tang Min 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Blood cell-free DNA (cfDNA) can be a new reliable tool for detecting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. However, the currently reported cfDNA assays have a limited role in detecting drug-resistant mutations due to their deficiencies in sensitivity, stability, or mutation detection rate.

Methods
We developed an Archaeoglobus fulgidus-derived flap endonuclease (Afu FEN)-based DNA-enhanced amplification system of mutated cfDNA by designing a pair of hairpin probes to anneal with wild-type cfDNA to form two 5′-flaps, allowing for the specific cleavage of wild-type cfDNA by Afu FEN. When the dominant wild-type somatic cfDNA fragments were cleaved by structure-recognition-specific Afu FEN, the proportion of mutated cfDNA in the reaction system was greatly enriched. As the amount of mutated cfDNA in the system was further increased by PCR amplification, the mutation status could be easily detected through first-generation sequencing.

Results
In a mixture of synthetic wild-type and T790M EGFR DNA fragments, our new assay still could detect T790M mutation at the fg level with remarkably high sensitivity. We also tested its performance in detecting low variant allele frequency (VAF) mutations in clinical samples from NSCLC patients. The plasma cfDNA samples with low VAF (0.1 and 0.5 %) could be easily detected by DNA-enhanced amplification.

Conclusions
This system with enhanced amplification of mutated cfDNA is an effective tool used for the early screening and individualized targeted therapy of NSCLC by providing a rapid, sensitive, and economical way for the detection of drug-resistant mutations in tumors.
„Sie Konne kein zeuberen daß muge man machen wie man wolle“
Authors: Duve Laura 
Published: July 2024

Zusammenfassung
Dieser Beitrag präsentiert die Ergebnisse einer korpuslinguistischen Studie, die Referenzspektren und Funktionen sowie regionale Variation des Pronomens man in Hexenverhörprotokollen von 1570–1665 untersucht. Diese bieten durch ihren Fokus auf der Wiedergabe von gesprochener Sprache ein Fenster zu historischer Mündlichkeit, was für man durch sein Auftreten als Reduktionsformen besonders relevant ist. In formaler und syntaktischer Hinsicht tritt im Korpus keine regionale Variation auf, was auf die für die Gattung spezifischen Anforderungen zurückgeführt wird. Das Pronomen wird von den Schreibern mehrheitlich bei der Redewiedergabe hinzugefügt und zur Referenz auf das Gericht verwendet. Es tritt hier vor allem als Regionen übergreifendes Muster man + sollen zur Wiedergabe von Imperativen, die von Angeklagten an das Gericht adressiert werden, auf.
Second harmonic generation and broad-band photoluminescence in mesoporous Si/SiO2 nanoparticles
Authors: Mastalieva Viktoriia , Neplokh Vladimir , Aybush Arseniy , Stovpiaga Ekaterina , Eurov Daniil , Vinnichenko Maksim , Karaulov Danila , Kirillenko Demid , Mozharov Alexey , Sharov Vladislav , Kolchanov Denis , Machnev Andrey , Golubev Valery , Smirnov Alexander , Ginzburg Pavel , Makarov Sergey , Kurdyukov Dmitry , Mukhin Ivan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Efficient second harmonic generation and broad-band photoluminescence from deeply subwavelength and nontoxic nanoparticles is essential for nanophotonic applications. Here, we explore nonlinear optical response from mesoporous Si/SiO2, SiO2, and Si nanoparticles, considering various fabrication and treatment procedures. We show that thermal annealing (including femtosecond laser treatment) of mesoporous Si/SiO2 nanoparticles provides the transformation of Si phase from amorphous to crystalline, enhancing the second harmonic and nonlinear photoluminescent response. Notably, the SiO2 mesoporous frame of the considered Si/SiO2 nanoparticles plays a dual positive role for the nonlinear process: it stabilizes the Si material, and SiO2:OH− material has a second-order nonlinearity itself and impacts to the observed second harmonic signal.
Paths and synergies in accelerating the UN 17 SDGs through the lens of green chemistry: contributions from a Brazilian university and its Institute of Chemistry
Authors: Milagre Cintia D. F. , Milagre Humberto M. S. , Silva Dulce Helena S. , Cavalcanti Victor Hugo O. , Ganeo Neto Laerte 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This manuscript aims to bring reflections and inspiration towards how the university can act as a vector for tackling the 17 SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals) of the 2030 Agenda from the UN (United Nations) and the role of its community (undergraduate and graduate students, staff, and faculty members). In this regard, the Institute of Chemistry from Sao Paulo State University – UNESP combines efforts with the university’s central administration and non-governmental organizations to implement and stimulate activities to spread green chemistry and sustainable practices in each of the four fundamental pillars of the university: teaching, research, outreach, and administrative sectors.
The Impact of the Corporate Governance Mechanisms on Insurance Risk: Perspective from Insurance Industry
Authors: Abebe Nebyu Adamu , Dhaliwal Navkiranjit Kaur 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study examined the correlation between corporate governance mechanisms and insurance risk in Ethiopian insurance companies. The study employed various multivariate regression approaches, including fixed effects, random effects models, and two-step system GMM. The study analyzed 136 observations from 17 insurance firms, with one omitted due to lack of data. The research used two regression models to examine the link between corporate governance mechanisms and insurance risk. Having independent directors on the board was discovered to have a notable and unfavorable influence on operational risk, whereas the size of the board did not impact operational or liquidity risk. The frequency of board meetings did not show a significant relationship with operational risk, but it did have a notable positive correlation with liquidity risk. Audit committees were found to have a negative and significant influence on both operational and liquidity risk. Gender diversity on the board had an insignificant but negative effect on insurance risk, mainly operational risk. Overall, the study emphasized the importance of independent directors and audit committees in managing risk in Ethiopian insurance companies. This research provides valuable insights for academic policymakers, such as the National Bank of Ethiopia, insurance companies, and other organizations.
Negros em poemas: vozes, ritmos e dramas
Authors: Calegari Lizandro Carlos 
Published: July 2024

Este trabalho analisa alguns poemas de autores afrodescendentes com o intuito de discutir questões atinentes à situação dos negros dentro da sociedade brasileira. Assim, temas como discriminação, preconceito, racismo, violência, exploração sexual e racial são estudados a partir de um conjunto de textos extraídos do livro Cadernos negros: os melhores poemas, organizado pelo grupo e pela editora Quilombhoje, e publicado em 1998. Para constituir o problema de investigação, discorreu-se, inicialmente, sobre tópicos como tema, autoria, ponto de vista, linguagem e público da literatura negra. O artigo incorpora referenciais bibliográficos na medida em que esses forem úteis para a fundamentação dos argumentos expostos. A conclusão básica a que se chegou é a de que cabe aos próprios negros, através de ferramentas diversas (e, aqui, inclui-se a poesia), encontrarem espaço de divulgação para as suas manifestações artísticas de forma que sua voz possa ser ouvida, discutida e respeitada.