bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fresh Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation for Bipolar Reciprocal Osteochondral Lesions of the Knee
Authors: Meric Gokhan , Gracitelli Guilherme C. , Görtz Simon , De Young Allison J. , Bugbee William D. 
Published: January 2015

Background: Osteochondral allograft (OCA) transplantation is an effective treatment option for chondral and osteochondral defects of the knee. Hypothesis: Patients treated with OCAs for reciprocal bipolar lesions of the knee would demonstrate significant clinical improvement. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Between 1983 and 2010, OCAs were implanted for bipolar chondral lesions in 46 patients (48 knees). The 21 male and 25 female patients averaged 40 years of age (range, 15-66 years). Thirty-four lesions were tibiofemoral, and 14 were patellofemoral. Forty-two knees (88%) had undergone a mean of 3.4 previous surgeries (range, 1-8). The mean allograft area was 19.2 cm2. Clinical evaluation included the modified Merle d’Aubigné-Postel (18-point), International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) pain and function, and Knee Society function (KS-F) scores. Further surgeries on the operative joint were documented. Results: Survivorship of the bipolar OCA was 64.1% at 5 years. Thirty knees underwent further surgery; 22 knees (46%) were considered failures (3 OCA revisions, 14 total knee arthroplasties, 2 unicondylar arthroplasties, 2 arthrodeses, and 1 patellectomy). Among patients whose OCA was still in situ at follow-up, the mean follow-up was 7 years (range, 2.0-19.7 years). The mean 18-point score improved from 12.1 to 16.1; 88% (23/26 knees) of surviving allografts scored ≥15. The mean IKDC pain score improved from 7.5 to 4.7, and the mean IKDC function score improved from 3.4 to 7.0. The mean KS-F score improved from 70.5 to 84.1. Conclusion: Osteochondral allograft transplantation is a useful salvage treatment option for reciprocal bipolar cartilage lesions of the knee. High reoperation and failure rates were observed, but patients with surviving allografts showed significant clinical improvement.
Do Patient Age and Sex Influence Tendon Cell Biology and Clinical/Radiographic Outcomes After Rotator Cuff Repair?
Authors: Pauly Stephan , Stahnke Katharina , Klatte-Schulz Franka , Wildemann Britt , Scheibel Markus , Greiner Stefan 
Published: January 2015

Background: Many clinical and radiographic studies suggest that patient age and sex have an influence on rotator cuff (RC) repair outcomes. However, these findings result from retrospective statistical analyses and cannot provide a causal answer. Purpose: To analyze whether age and sex influence the biological potential at the time of RC repair or midterm clinical and radiographic outcomes. Also assessed was the effect of the biological potential on intraindividual clinical/radiographic results. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: A total of 40 patients underwent arthroscopic RC repair. At the time of surgery (t = 0), supraspinatus tendon biopsy specimens were obtained, cultivated, and assessed for their biological potential, particularly (1) cell growth and (2) collagen type I production. After a follow-up at 24 months (t = 1), all patients were assessed by clinical scores (Constant score, subjective shoulder value, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons [ASES] score, and Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index [WORC] score) and underwent magnetic resonance imaging to determine RC integrity. The data were examined for age- and sex-related differences and to identify the correlation between biological potential (t = 0) and clinical/radiographic outcome (t = 1). Results: The follow-up rate for the imaging and clinical evaluation was 100%. Age, but not sex, influenced the biological tendon cell parameters at t = 0. However, there was no effect of age or sex on the clinical and radiographic results at t = 1. Furthermore, no correlation was observed between the initial biological parameters and later clinical outcomes or radiographic RC integrity. Finally, there was no significant difference between intact and nonhealed repairs in terms of the respective clinical scores. Conclusion: Age, but not sex, was found to have a negative effect on RC tendon cell biology. However, neither sex nor, in particular, a higher age influenced repair outcomes after 24 months.
Return to Play After Chondroplasty of the Knee in National Football League Athletes
Authors: Scillia Anthony J. , Aune Kyle T. , Andrachuk John S. , Cain E. Lyle , Dugas Jeffrey R. , Fleisig Glenn S. , Andrews James R. 
Published: January 2015

Background: Knee injuries, including articular cartilage damage, are common in football players and are potentially career threatening. The rate of return to play (RTP) as well as the factors affecting return after arthroscopic chondroplasty of the knee is performed in National Football League (NFL) athletes are not known. Purpose: To determine the rate of return to regular season NFL competition after arthroscopic knee surgery including chondroplasty of articular cartilage lesions. In addition, identification of factors that influence successful return was investigated. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Athletes in the NFL who underwent arthroscopic chondroplasty at a single institution were identified. Retrospective chart review and review of the NFL online database were utilized to determine the rate of RTP and factors affecting an athlete’s ability to return. Chi-square and Student t tests were used to assess differences among players who were and were not able to RTP, and logistic regression was employed to determine a player’s odds of return. Results: There were 52 patients (54 procedures) identified from the surgical database who met the inclusion criteria for the study operated on between August 1, 2001, and March 31, 2011. Of these players, 36 (67%) were able to return to regular season NFL game play at an average of 8.2 months, including 13 (24%) who were still active in the NFL. The average time to follow-up was 5.9 years, and all players were allowed at least 2 years of follow-up. There was no significant correlation of RTP to athlete age, lesion size, lesion location, position played, or round selected in the NFL draft. Players who underwent concomitant microfracture were 4.4 times less likely to return to the NFL than were those who did not undergo this procedure (95% CI, 1.3-15.5). Athletes who played more than 11.6 games per season were 4.7 times more likely to RTP than were those who played fewer games per season (95% CI, 1.4-16.6). Athletes who returned to play competed in 56 fewer games, 3.3 fewer seasons, and played in 3.2 fewer games per season compared with their level of competition before surgery. Conclusion: A majority (67%) of NFL players are able to RTP after arthroscopic knee surgery including chondroplasty of articular cartilage lesions. Athletes who play more games per season are more likely to RTP after chondroplasty of articular cartilage lesions of the knee, but those undergoing concomitant microfracture are less likely to return. No statistical significance was determined when comparing the athletes who returned to play with respect to age at surgery, lesion location, lesion size, lesion grade, position that the athlete played, or draft round.
Biomechanical Evaluation of the Transtibial Pull-Out Technique for Posterior Medial Meniscal Root Repairs Using 1 and 2 Transtibial Bone Tunnels
Authors: LaPrade Christopher M. , LaPrade Matthew D. , Turnbull Travis Lee , Wijdicks Coen A. , LaPrade Robert F. 
Published: January 2015

Background: Current methods of the transtibial pull-out meniscal root repair significantly displace under cyclic loading in porcine models but have not been evaluated in human models. One potential explanation for the displacement is that a single transtibial tunnel may not fully restore the attachment of the entire posterior medial meniscal root. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to biomechanically evaluate the transtibial pull-out technique in a human cadaveric model using either 1 or 2 transtibial bone tunnels. The hypothesis was that a transtibial pull-out technique using 2 transtibial bone tunnels would confer superior biomechanical properties in comparison to an iteration using 1 transtibial bone tunnel. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Ten matched pairs of male human cadaveric knees (average age, 52.7 years) were randomly assigned (1 each of the pair) to 2 groups consisting of a transtibial pull-out technique using either 1 or 2 transtibial bone tunnels. The knees were cyclically loaded for 1000 cycles from 10 to 30 N at 0.5 Hz, representing the loads experienced during a typical meniscal root repair postoperative rehabilitation program, and then pulled to failure at a rate of 0.5 mm/s. Results: Differences between 1- and 2-tunnel repair groups were neither statistically nor clinically significant with respect to displacement or ultimate failure load. On average, the 1- and 2-tunnel repair groups resulted in 3.32 mm and 3.23 mm of displacement, respectively, after 1000 testing cycles. At 1, 100, 500, and 1000 testing cycles, displacement was not significantly different between groups ( P > .799). The 2-tunnel repair technique resulted in a 10.2% higher ultimate failure load (135 N vs 123 N); however, this was not significant ( P = .333). Conclusions: Similar biomechanical properties were seen between transtibial pull-out repairs using either 1 or 2 transtibial bone tunnels in a human cadaveric model. Both repair groups exceeded the 3-mm threshold for nonanatomic displacement. Clinical Relevance: This study indicates that a newly proposed iteration of the transtibial pull-out repair technique using a second transtibial tunnel, which theoretically restores more of the posterior medial meniscal root, was almost identical to the current clinical standard involving a single transtibial tunnel. As the importance of repairing meniscal root tears is increasingly recognized, further studies on new iterations of both techniques are warranted to minimize the risk of displacement caused by early motion in the initial postoperative rehabilitation period.
The Outcome and Predictors of Mortality in Patients Therapeutically Cooled Postcardiac Arrest
Authors: Botha John , O’Brien Yvette , Malouf Saada , Cole Elizabeth , Ansari Erum Sahid , Green Cameron , Tiruvoipati Ravindranath 
Published: January 2015

Purpose: To review the outcomes of patients postcardiac arrest admitted to a metropolitan intensive care unit (ICU) where therapeutic hypothermia is practiced. Materials and Methods: Patients admitted from 2004 to 2012 were reviewed. The management protocol included cooling to 33°C for 24 hours. The primary outcome assessed was hospital mortality. Secondary outcome measures included mortality in patients admitted to ICU after in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) when compared to those with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) and to review initial cardiac rhythm as an indicator of mortality. Results: A total of 330 patients were included. The overall hospital mortality was 58.1%. Hospital mortality was significantly higher in patients who had OHCA when compared to IHCA (62.5% vs 51%; P = .04). Patients who had asystole and pulseless electrical activity (PEA) had a higher mortality when compared to ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation (VT/VF) arrest (81.7% vs 67.8% vs 41.9%, respectively; P < .01). Conclusion: Patients admitted to ICU postcardiac arrest after therapeutic cooling have a high mortality. An initial rhythm of VT/VF confers a mortality benefit when compared to asystole and PEA.
Chemoprophylaxis Use and Risk of Venous Thromboembolism and Death in Adult Patients following Orthotopic Liver Transplantation
Authors: Alexander Brianna R. , Antigua Abigail D. , Rosenberg Amy F. , Caruso Lawrence J. , Voils Stacy A. , LeClaire Aimée C. 
Published: January 2015

Background: Coagulation abnormalities in end-stage liver disease may preclude patients from receiving venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis immediately following orthotopic liver transplantation. Methods: To identify risk factors for VTE and death following liver transplantation, a retrospective chart review was conducted in adult liver transplant recipients from January 1, 2001, to October 1, 2011. Results: In 716 transplantations in 701 patients, the overall incidence of VTE was 2.1%. The incidence was 3.6% in patients who received chemoprophylaxis compared to 1.4% in those without chemoprophylaxis ( P = .06). Most patients (69.5%) did not receive chemoprophylaxis postsurgery during their hospitalization. Multivariate logistic regression modeling revealed no association between the use of chemoprophylaxis (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.5 [0.45-4.7], P = .53) and VTE. A significant positive association was observed between the use of chemoprophylaxis (adjusted OR 3.2 [1.3-8.0], P = .01) and death. Conclusion: Use of chemoprophylaxis and increasing amounts of blood products following orthotopic liver transplant was associated with increased mortality. A significant positive association was observed between blood product administration and VTE, while chemoprophylaxis use was not significantly associated with VTE. Larger prospective studies are necessary to further examine the significance of this finding.
Preliminary investigation of the thermal antinociceptive effects of codeine in cats
Authors: Steagall Paulo VM , Monteiro Beatriz P , Lavoie Anne-Marie , Troncy Eric 
Published: January 2015

Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential thermal antinociceptive effects of oral administration of a single dose of codeine in cats compared with positive (buprenorphine) and negative (saline 0.9%) controls. Methods Six adult healthy cats weighing 5.14 ± 0.6 kg were used. Skin temperature and thermal thresholds (TTs) were evaluated using a wireless device (Topcat Metrology) at baseline, 0.5, 1, 3, 6 and 10 h after treatment. In period 1, TTs were evaluated after subcutaneous administration of saline 0.9%. In period 2, cats were administered either oral codeine (10 mg total, 2.0 ± 0.2 mg/kg) or buccal buprenorphine (0.04 mg/kg) in a cross-over, blinded study design. Half of the volume of buprenorphine was administered into each cheek pouch. Δ TT (difference between TTs after and before treatment) was used for data comparison. Mean ± SD data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s or Tukey’s test when appropriate ( P <0.05). Results Adverse effects did not occur in any group. Skin temperature was not different between groups nor over time. Temporal changes in TTs were not observed after saline or codeine. Buprenorphine increased Δ TT at 3 h (2.7 ± 3.3°C) when compared with baseline or saline ( P <0.05). For buprenorphine, TTs were not >47.6°C at any time point in four cats. The mean highest temperature recorded in the two other cats in that group was 54.5 and 52.8°C at 3 h. Conclusions and clinical relevance At the dose administered, codeine did not produce thermal antinociception. Mild increases in TT after buccal buprenorphine might be related to the first-pass effect after drug swallowing, drug spillage during administration and/or individual variability. These factors should be taken in to consideration when administering buprenorphine by this route in the clinical setting.
Susceptibility of rapidly growing mycobacteria isolated from Australian cats to ivermectin, moxidectin, ceftiofur and florfenicol
Authors: Woerde Dennis J , Martin Patricia A , Govendir Merran 
Published: January 2015

Objectives Rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) infections in cats typically manifest as a panniculitis, requiring long-term antimicrobial therapy for resolution. The search for novel antimicrobial therapies to reduce treatment duration and improve the rate of clinical resolution is imperative. Accordingly, RGM isolates underwent susceptibility testing to some avermectins and other antibacterial drugs currently available. Methods Five Mycobacterium fortuitum and six Mycobacterium smegmatis isolates obtained from Australian cats underwent susceptibility testing by microbroth dilution to ivermectin, moxidectin, ceftiofur and florfenicol. Results All isolates were resistant to the highest concentrations of ivermectin, moxidectin and ceftiofur tested (1024 µg/ml, 256 μg/ml and 32 μg/ml, respectively). All isolates of M fortuitum were resistant to the highest concentration of florfenicol tested (128 µg/ml). The minimum inhibitory concentration range of florfenicol that inhibited growth of M smegmatis isolates was 32–64 µg/ml. Conclusions and relevance All drugs appear to have no efficacy in vitro for the treatment of RGM infections.
Politics and Morality in State Abortion Policy
Authors: Kreitzer Rebecca J. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe number and variety of state policies regulating abortion each year is increasing. Opponents of abortion adopted a strategy of “legal but inaccessible” that has resulted in the passage of more than 700 state laws since the early 1990s. Despite being a very active area of policy making, we lack a coherent explanation for the proliferation of abortion policy. Scholars studying different policies at discrete moments in time have come to conflicting conclusions about how well theories of morality policy and representation explain abortion policy. Using an original dataset comprised of a near-universe of pro- and anti-abortion rights policy from 1973 to 2013, I establish the ways in which partisan control of the government and the moral preferences of constituents shape state policy. I find that anti-abortion rights policies are well explained by both theories but that pro-abortion rights policies are not well explained as a morality policy or with descriptive representation. In addition, I show the heterogeneous effect of representation across anti-abortion rights policies; Democratic women and governors decrease the probability of only certain anti-abortion rights policies.
Complement component 1, q subcomponent binding protein is a marker for proliferation in breast cancer
Authors: Jane Scully Olivia , Yu Yingnan , Salim Agus , Aye Thike Aye , Wai-Cheong Yip George , Hun Baeg Gyeong , Tan Puay-Hoon , Matsumoto Ken , Huat Bay Boon 
Published: January 2015

Complement component 1, q subcomponent binding protein (C1QBP), is a multi-compartmental protein with higher mRNA expression reported in breast cancer tissues. This study evaluated the association between immunohistochemical expression of the C1QBP protein in breast cancer tissue microarrays (TMAs) and clinicopathological parameters, in particular tumor size. In addition, an in vitro study was conducted to substantiate the breast cancer TMA findings. Breast cancer TMAs were constructed from pathological specimens of patients diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma. C1QBP protein and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunohistochemical analyses were subsequently performed in the TMAs. C1QBP immunostaining was detected in 131 out of 132 samples examined. The C1QBP protein was predominantly localized in the cytoplasm of the breast cancer cells. Univariate analysis revealed that a higher C1QBP protein expression was significantly associated with older patients ( P = 0.001) and increased tumor size ( P = 0.002). Multivariate analysis showed that C1QBP is an independent predictor of tumor size in progesterone-positive tumors. Furthermore, C1QBP was also significantly correlated with expression of PCNA, a known marker of proliferation. Inhibition of C1QBP expression was performed by transfecting C1QBP siRNA into T47D breast cancer cells, a progesterone receptor-positive breast cancer cell line. C1QBP gene expression was analyzed by real-time RT-PCR, and protein expression by Western blot. Cell proliferation assays were also performed by commercially available assays. Down-regulation of C1QBP expression significantly decreased cell proliferation and growth in T47D cells. Taken together, our findings suggest that the C1QBP protein could be a potential proliferative marker in breast cancer.
Reducing psychotropic pharmacotherapy in patients with severe mental illness: a cluster-randomized controlled intervention study
Authors: Hjorth Peter , Kilian Reinhold , Sørensen Helle Østermark , Eriksen Susan Engelbrechsen , Davidsen Annette Sofie , Jensen Signe Olrik Wallenstein , Munk-Jørgensen Povl 
Published: January 2015

Background: Many patients with mental illness receive psychotropic medicine in high dosages and from more than one drug. One of the consequences of this practice is obesity, which is a contributing factor to increased physical morbidity and premature death. Methods: Our study was a cluster-randomized intervention study involving 6 facilities and 174 patients diagnosed with severe mental illnesses (73% schizophrenia). The intervention period was 12 months and consisted of teaching sessions with the staff and evaluating the patients’ intake of psychotropic medication. At index, 44% met criteria for obesity and 76% met criteria for overweight. Waist circumferences were 108 cm for men and 108 cm for women. Olanzapine, clozapine and quetiapine were the most common prescribed antipsychotics. Mean values of daily doses of antipsychotic were 2.5. Results: The intervention showed no significant differences between the intervention and control group regarding psychotropic treatment. At follow up, independent of intervention, patients receiving antipsychotic polypharmacy had a larger waist circumference compared with patients receiving antipsychotic monotherapy of 9.8 cm (1.5–18.1) ( p = 0.028). Discussion and conclusion: We found both a high prevalence of obesity and that the patients received treatment with antipsychotic polypharmaceutics in high dosages. Active awareness did not change practice and we must think of other ways to restrict treatment with psychotropics in this group of patients.
Multimodal MR imaging of acute and subacute experimental traumatic brain injury: Time course and correlation with cerebral energy metabolites
Authors: Maegele Marc , Stuermer Ewa K , Hoeffgen Alexander , Uhlenkueken Ulla , Mautes Angelika , Schaefer Nadine , Lippert-Gruener Marcela , Schaefer Ute , Hoehn Mathias 
Published: January 2015

Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of death and permanent disability world-wide. The predominant cause of death after TBI is brain edema which can be quantified by non-invasive diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI). Purpose To provide a better understanding of the early onset, time course, spatial development, and type of brain edema after TBI and to correlate MRI data and the cerebral energy state reflected by the metabolite adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Material and Methods The spontaneous development of lateral fluid percussion-induced TBI was investigated in the acute (6 h), subacute (48 h), and chronic (7 days) phase in rats by MRI of quantitative T2 and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) mapping as well as perfusion was combined with ATP-specific bioluminescence imaging and histology. Results An induced TBI led to moderate to mild brain damages, reflected by transient, pronounced development of vasogenic edema and perfusion reduction. Heterogeneous ADC patterns indicated a parallel, but mixed expression of vasogenic and cytotoxic edema. Cortical ATP levels were reduced in the acute and subacute phase by 13% and 27%, respectively, but were completely normalized at 7 days after injury. Conclusion The partial ATP reduction was interpreted to be partially caused by a loss of neurons in parallel with transient dilution of the regional ATP concentration by pronounced vasogenic edema. The normalization of energy metabolism after 7 days was likely due to infiltrating glia and not to recovery. The MRI combined with metabolite measurement further improves the understanding and evaluation of brain damages after TBI.