bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SS15-01 RISK PREVENTION PRACTICES IN SMES AND THEIR IMPACT ON OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH PERFORMANCE
Authors: Rodrigues Matilde A , Sá Ana , Oliveira Alexandra , Mais Donato , Boustras Georgios , da Silva Manuela Vieira 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are acknowledged to face various challenges with regard to risk prevention practices. However, data about certain sectors of activity remain limited. The RISKsME project aimed to characterize these practices in some critical sectors, dominated by SMEs. This work aims to summarize the findings from a sample of waste management firms.

Materials and Methods
A total of 65 waste management firms participated in the study, including the employers and 279 employees. Data about risk prevention practices were collected through different sources, such as questionnaires applied to employers and employees, as well as the analysis of documents and records available at the enterprise. The enterprises were also characterized in relation to the level of safety performance. This analysis was based on a summative index, which assesses seven safety performance aspects.

Results
Constraints were identified within several companies, encompassing not only prevention activities like risk assessment, training, and accident recording, but also concerning the involvement of employers and employees in occupational safety and health (OSH) practices. Regression models indicated the significance of factors such as the time allocated by employers to address OSH issues, the support by external advisory services, employee motivation for safety, and the level of organizational commitment, in influencing safety performance.

Conclusions
Findings reveal waste management firms face several problems in terms of risk prevention. Ongoing research aims to design interventions for both employees and employers.
SS16-01 METHODOLOGY FOR CONTROLLING RISKS GENERATED BY SUBCONTRACTORS: CONTRIBUTION FROM THE MOROCCAN RISK OBSERVATORY (OMARISK)
Authors: Ibenrissoul Abdelmajid 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction
In parallel with the work to develop the national framework relating to the management of risks generated by subcontracted activities, the Moroccan Risk Observatory (OMARISK) worked on a methodology allowing an economic evaluation of the implementation of a risk management approach by external companies. This assessment clearly highlights the costs and benefits of risk management at the national level, at the company level, but also at the worker level. It can therefore prove to be a valuable instrument for promoting good practices. The economic evaluation also reveals under which circumstances the economic benefits will be insufficient to encourage the adoption of risk management measures within companies.

Method
Based on the results of feedback and surveys carried out by the OMARISK team, a methodology was developed to enable an economic evaluation to be carried out in the form of a cost-benefit analysis linked to the implementation of a risk management approach in subcontracting companies.

Result
Data and results that will feed and enrich the database on professional risk management.

Discussion
Presentation of the methodology, first results as well as future steps.

Conclusion
The cost-benefit analysis will provide concrete arguments to raise awareness among all stakeholders to integrate risk management into their managerial practices.
SS17-01 MIGRANT WORKERS IN THE TEA PLANTATION SECTOR
Authors: Mittal Ashish 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction
The Indian tea industry being almost 172 years old, occupies a significant and distinct position in the Indian economy. The majority of tea plantations in India are located in rural hills and backward regions of the Northern, Eastern and Southern states. With more than 13,000 gardens and over two million workers, the Indian tea industry is one of the largest in the world. The majority of the labour force in tea plantation are migrants and their descendants.

Materials and Methods
A secondary literature review was combined with personal conversations with workers and managers of tea estates from tea plantation states of India - Assam, West Bengal and Tamil Nadu.

Results
The colonial British, heavily influenced by the experiences of cotton plantations in North America and the sugar plantations of British Guyana and the Caribbean Islands, continued to employ migrant labour in tea plantations of Assam and the plains of Darjeeling. They were mainly from the tribal belt of Chotanagpur and Santhal Pargana regions of Bihar, Madhya Pradesh and Orissa belonging to scheduled castes, tribes and ethnic minorities. In Darjeeling hills, almost the entire labour force are descendants of migrants from Nepal. There were consistent poor living and working conditions, lowest wages, malnutrition, minimal health services and legal coverage, increasing number of accidents and natural disasters and closure of many tea plantations pushing these workers to the edge of survival.

Conclusions
Depleted conditions of migrant tea plantation workers need further research with focus on improving their living and working conditions, especially of the women labourers.
SS17-03 RESEARCH ON THE IMPACT OF THE ‘BASIC MEDICAL TREATMENT AND ASSISTANCE FOR MIGRANT WORKERS WITH PNEUMOCONIOSIS IN HUNAN PROVINCE’ PROGRAM
Authors: Huang Lei 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction/Background
In early 2017, Hunan Province initiated the "Basic Medical Treatment and Assistance for Migrant Workers with Pneumoconiosis in Hunan Province" program. Its aim was to benefit the people by increasing the proportion of basic medical reimbursement and implementing special financial funds. This program helped to alleviate the burden on migrant workers suffering from pneumoconiosis.

Objective
To assess the impact of the "Basic Medical Treatment and Assistance for Migrant Workers with Pneumoconiosis in Hunan Province" project on the local population.

Materials and Methods
Utilizing the data sourced from the pneumoconiosis rescue module of the Hunan Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Information System, an analysis was conducted on the province-wide implementation of the Benefiting People Project spanning from 2017 to 2022.

Results
Between 2017 and 2022, specific institutions in our province provided treatment and aid to 115,200 migrant workers suffering from pneumoconiosis. The cost of hospitalization for these workers has decreased significantly, from 6566 yuan to 382 yuan, and the self-payment ratio has also decreased from 70% to 4.88%.

Conclusions
The program designed to enhance the well-being of individuals has effectively mitigated the healthcare costs for migrant workers afflicted with pneumoconiosis, while simultaneously fostering a sentiment of stability within the community.
SS18-02 WELLBEING AT WORK: PROTECTIVE FACTORS OF MENTAL HEALTH IN HEALTH WORKERS
Authors: Salmen-Navarro Acran 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Many health workers neglect their self-care and find it difficult to ask for help when their distress results in a mental disorder. Their sense of duty leads them to maintain a high level of awareness and commitment and may contribute to delay seeking help when suffering from a mental disorder.

Materials and Methods
We have piloted organizational interventions involving strategies that considered various criteria - physical, psychosocial, epidemiological, operational and administrative to rotate employees in different positions from high – low – high functions. These are all aimed at reducing stigma and improving access to behavioural health services for the healthcare workforce, combined with fostering human resilience to improve mental and often physical health, reduce the total cost of care, reduce suicide, and support a healthy workforce.

Results
Our findings suggest that these strategies and actions, result in jobs under multifunctional rotation schemes that reduce psychosocial risks and improve workers' perception of them, which has a positive influence on various aspects of the organization to improve health and wellbeing of healthcare staff.

Conclusion
The field of healthcare has long recognized the immense challenges faced by its dedicated workforce. The factors contributing to mental distress among health workers are multifaceted. However, protective factors can be implemented to support the mental health of these essential individuals. Our findings underscore the potential benefits of proactive, holistic approaches that not only mitigate the negative impact of these challenges but also foster resilience and support a healthy, dedicated healthcare workforce.
SS19-05 A HARMONIZED LANGUAGE OF GLOBAL OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH: ICOH PERSPECTIVES - NORDIC AND GLOBAL COLLABORATION FOR OSH IMPACT
Authors: Kang Seong-Kyu 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Globalization has significantly impacted global occupational health, thrusting it into the international spotlight.
Occupational health status varies worldwide due to differences in economic, social, and legal systems, which can be categorized into three stages. The first phase involves occupational health conditions resulting from external environmental hazards. While high-income nations have effectively tackled these issues, low and middle-income countries still grapple with them. The second phase relates to occupational health conditions influenced by human factors within the work environment, often exacerbated by an aging workforce. Workers frequently endure degenerative health problems, including cardiovascular and musculoskeletal issues. These challenges affect workplaces globally, with limited solutions in certain middle and high-income countries. The third phase pertains to occupational health conditions shaped by each country's social system. High-income nations often confront concerns of early retirement due to health problems, while workers in most other countries persist beyond retirement age due to limited pension systems. This diversity in occupational health statuses results in varying approaches to occupational health services across countries, particularly affecting migrant workers.
The overarching objective is to provide migrant workers with safe and healthy workplaces. These issues are further compounded by global climate changes. Recognizing these challenges, in 2022, the ICOH published the ICOH Statement for Migrant Workers. This declaration seeks to enhance conditions for migrant workers, addressing not only their working environments but also their living conditions.
SS20 - CLIMATE CHANGE CHALLENGES AND ITS IMPACT ON OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
Authors: Wittlich Marc 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Climate change has now been recognised as one of the most pressing issues of the future. In addition to the expected upheavals for society as a whole, the world of work is particularly affected by climatic influences. Both acute crisis events such as severe weather catastrophes and permanent influences such as heat, radiation, dehydration and dust generation bring new challenges for occupational safety and health for both typical employees and rescue workers.
In the face of these new challenges, key scientific questions need to be addressed in the short term: 1 - How do we make the shift to climate-friendly work equipment, methods and procedures? 2 - How do we protect workers from the unstoppable changes in the workplace? 3 - What measures help both? How can new technologies support? What are the new risks involved?
The aim of this Special Session is to take stock of the challenges of the future and discover opportunities for collaboration between disciplines. It will provide an overview of what international organisations such as ICOH and ISSA are focusing on in their work. Finally, the basis will be laid for enabling joint actions or assistance from different stakeholders in the future.
SS20-03 FARMWORKERS WORKING ON A GRAPE FARM IN THE NORTHERN CAPE, SOUTH AFRICA, DIE FROM HEATSTROKE: LESSONS LEARNED IN THE FACE OF CLIMATE CHANGE
Authors: Wright Caradee Yael , Stander Danie 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Extreme heat is an increasingly common occurrence worldwide and results in heat-related illnesses and deaths. South Africa is experiencing increased frequency and intensity of heatwaves. In January 2023, the media reported on farmworkers who supposedly presented at health facilities with heatstroke. Here, we report on the first comprehensive collection of data about heatstroke in an occupational setting in South Africa.

Materials and Methods
The Northern Cape Provincial Department of Health: Environmental Health Division investigated the heatstroke cases that presented at the Kakamas Hospital between 17-23 January 2023. Discussions with hospital management and staff, together with extraction of information from patient files, informed the preparation of this case study.

Results
Seven seasonal table grape farmworkers (aged 37 - 53 years) from the same farm were received at the Kakamas Hospital. Of the seven workers, two were pronounced dead on arrival. Five workers presented with similar symptoms (i.e., body temperatures &gt;42°C; hemodynamic shock syndrome; and neurological symptoms) and two were successfully resuscitated after receiving cooling therapy, hemodynamic and ventilator support. Three deaths were confirmed as heatstroke while the remaining two could not be specified as such. Ambient maximum temperatures during these heatstroke occurrences ranged between 32-42°C.

Conclusions
While a full epidemiological study is needed to ascertain whether other factors influenced the deaths of the farmworkers, this incident prompted heat-health interventions in the Northern Cape. All environmental health practitioners and health promotion units were provided with heat-health training to implement an education campaign prior to the 2024 grape harvesting season.
SS20-04 CLIMATE CHANGE AND OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY
Authors: Laurent Louis , Gagliardi Diana , Reinert Dietmar , Vernez David 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Climate change may affect workers in two different ways. Firstly, direct effects such as high temperatures, changes in the environment (circulation of biological agents, increased particulate pollution, etc.) and extreme events. Secondly, indirect effect through the modification it induces in activity with the introduction of new technologies, changes to workplaces and organisations with a view to limiting its impact on the environment.

Materials and Methods
The ongoing activity in various European institutes will be investigated in collaboration with scientists from these institutions.

Conclusions
Climate change is not a new category of risk. It is systemic in nature and encompasses everything from technical aspects to organisations and mental health. The direct impact of climate change, manifests itself through phenomena that are already known and for which there are often means of prevention, but for which there is reason to fear that they will increase in frequency and scope. Indirect effects may affect all sectors of activity with changes in energy use, processes or materials (low-carbon, requiring less water). Sometimes the hazards are known, but not necessarily in the ‘right’ sector of activity, and the challenge lies in transferring occupational health and safety skills to new players, and above all to a growing number of workers in fast-expanding sectors. One should also consider changes in the way work is organised: new division of labour within a sector, new manufacturing methods, adaptation of workstations and working hours to take account of climatic hazards, etc.
SS21-02 PESTICIDE EXPOSURE IN MOROCCAN FARMERS AND FAMILIES: BIOMONITORING AND PREDICTORS OF EXPOSURE TO HEALTH AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT
Authors: Duca Radu Corneliu , Berni Imane , Menouni Aziza , Creta Matteo , Ghazi Ibrahim El , Godderis Lode , Jaafari Samir El 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Pesticide use may result in adverse effects on the environment and farmers’ health. We have assessed Moroccan farmers’ behaviour towards the safety measures and risks perception for pesticide use and the impact that this might have on the environment as well as on the farmers themselves and their families.

Materials and Methods
Several studies were conducted in the Saïss Plain, located in north-central Morocco: 1) cross-sectional study to identify gaps in knowledge and awareness of dangers to health and environment regarding pesticide use; 2) eco-toxicological study to assess the ecological and human health risks (for infants, children, and adults) due to ground water pollution with pesticides; and 3) human biomonitoring study to evaluate the actual exposure to pesticides of farmers and their families (spouse and children) and potential health risk.

Results
Most farmers were not trained in the application of pesticides. Subsequently, acute exposure symptoms like visual impairment (46%), followed by dizziness (44.3%), headache (39.4%), and excessive sweating (34.4%) were reported. Banned pesticides were still present in groundwater because of intensive agricultural activity. Chlorpyrifos methyl and ethyl were the pesticides most frequently detected (100% of samples). α-HCH, β-HCH, DDT, and DDE were found to pose a higher cancer risk to infants and children. Furthermore, children living in the intensive agricultural area were exposed to very high environmental levels of glyphosate, as reflected by glyphosate and AMPA urinary levels.

Conclusions
In Morocco, due to the lack of education and the presence of counterfeit market, pesticides constitute a major occupational and environmental problem.
SS21-03 THE PROFILE OF GENETIC POLYMORPHISMS AND EXPOSURE CHARACTERISTICS OF PESTICIDE APPLICATORS IN CENTRAL JAVA, INDONESIA
Authors: Liem Jen Fuk 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Several organophosphate pesticides including chlorpyrifos (CPF) are metabolically activated to their Oxon form through reactions catalyzed by cytochrome P450 (CYP). CYP enzymes such as CYP2B6 and CYP2C19 have an important role in activation and detoxification processes in CPF metabolism. This study aims to profile genetic polymorphisms and exposure characteristics of pesticide applicators in Central Java.

Materials and Methods
A total of 151 vegetable farmers aged 18–65 years who have actively applied chlorpyrifos for ≥1 year were included in this study. A structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was conducted to elicit occupational characteristics and is therefore used to estimate cumulative exposure level (CEL). The CYP2C19*2 and *3 gene polymorphisms were analyzed using PCR-RFLP, while a TaqMan® SNP Genotyping Assay was used to analyze CYP2B6*6 gene polymorphisms. The urinary 3,5,6-Trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy) and erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (RBC-AChE) activity were determined in the laboratory.

Results
This study found poor pesticide handling practices as indicated by a high proportion of multiple pesticides used and a low frequency of personal protective equipment used. The reduced function alleles of CYP2B6 and CYP2C19 were present in 56.6% and 21.2% of samples. TCPy concentrations were associated with the CEL and CYP2B6*6 gene polymorphisms, while RBC-AChE was negatively associated with the CEL.

Conclusions
This study provides information on the prevalence and potential role of toxicologically relevant gene polymorphisms along with the exposure characteristics in the Javanese pesticide applicator population. Further studies to confirm the role of gene polymorphisms are needed. Therefore, comprehensive control measures shall be implemented.
SS21-04 HISTORICAL VS CURRENT INSECTICIDE AND NEMATICIDE USE IN CALIFORNIA: CHANGING MODES OF ACTION (MOA)
Authors: O’Malley Michael 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Screened for maximum toxicity, synthetic pesticides introduced between the end of the 19th century and the 1970s typically require high application rates and can affect many non-target organisms. Active ingredients screened for selective effects on a narrow range of species, target pest population control to minimize resistance.

Materials and Methods
Comparison of modes of action (MOA) used in 1974 and 2016 based on California use and illness surveillance data highlights dramatic changes in MOA used and secondary effects on non-target organisms.

Results
1974 use report (PUR) data with 123 showed 25,916,113kg of reported use, 14 IRC groups and classifications for soaps-desiccants, behavior modifiers, and metabolic synergists (non-lRCgroups). The 2016 data contained records for 251 Als, accounting for 63,739,066.5 Kg of reported use, 1,307,064 applications and 25,794,307.9 hectares. The 36 IRC groups included AIs effective at low application rates and limited mammalian toxicity. Important new MOA included nAChR receptor agonists, ryanodine receptor compounds, chordotonal organ TRPV channel modulators, juvenile hormone mimics, and chitin synthesis inhibitors. These changes corresponded with a marked decrease in occupational cases of ChE-inhibitor poisonings and skin disease in agricultural workers. Ground water residues of arsenic and lead insecticides, and the fumigant DBCP still present potential hazards in the southern Central Valley. DDT residues also persist in many agricultural soils, occasionally contaminating crops with high fat content, including cannabis. Conclusions Area treated appears a better measure of selective pesticide use, than weight of material applied. Information for other jurisdictions remains to be explored.
SS22-04 A JUST CLIMATE TRANSITION FOR WORKERS: RECONCILIATING LABOUR RIGHTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
Authors: Torres Luis 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction
The transition to a low-carbon economy will involve radical social and economic transformations, which will have significant impacts on workers. The notion of a ‘just transition’ takes a human rights-based approach to reconcile environmental and social concerns, by emphasizing that the benefits of climate action should be shared, and that those bearing the costs should be supported. However, it is currently less understood how international labour and human rights are used to challenge measures designed to fight climate change. This research explores the role of occupational health and safety in climate change litigation.

Materials and Methods
This study implements a documentary analysis of human rights-based climate litigation cases. Data was collected from two sources: the Climate Change Litigation Databases by the Sabin Center for Climate Change Law, and the Climate and Human Rights Litigation Database by the University of Zurich.

Results
Rights-based climate litigation or “just transition litigation” does not oppose to climate action. It rather challenges the way in which climate solutions are implemented and their impact on the enjoyment of labour and human rights. Good governance of climate solutions will require active workers’ participation.

Conclusions
The adoption of a rights-based approach to climate change mitigation and adaptation initiatives could reconcile occupational health and safety with environmental and ecological issues. This alignment will support the realisation of a safe and healthy working environment as recognised in 2022 by the International Labour Organization’s (ILO) Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work.