bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental study on mechanical and permeability behaviors of sandstone under real-time temperature
Authors: Lin ZhiNan , Huang WenJie , Zhang Qiang , Wang JiaQuan , Long HaiFeng 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

In order to explore the evolution characteristics of mechanical and permeability properties of sandstone under real-time temperature conditions in deep geological environments, thermal-hydraulic-mechanical (THM) coupling tests were conducted on sandstone specimens at temperatures ranging from 25°C to 95°C. The tests were performed using the Rock Top multi-field coupling tester to investigate the changes in strength, deformation, and permeability of the sandstone across the specified temperature range. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to analyze the microstructure of the sandstone and its influence on mechanical properties. The results indicate that with increasing temperature, the strength of sandstone initially increases and then decreases, while the peak strain exhibits a rapid and nonlinear increase. Furthermore, the permeability of sandstone decreases initially and then increases as the temperature rises, demonstrating lower sensitivity to temperature variations compared to confining pressure. At various temperatures, the failure modes observed in sandstone consistently demonstrate typical shear slip characteristics. Moreover, at elevated temperatures, there is a significant increase in the number of cracks observed on the failure surface of sandstone. Under the action of lower temperature (25℃~65℃) the pores and micro-cracks of sandstone appear highly compact, and the new cracks are relatively few, but under the action of higher temperature (75℃~95℃), the size and number of defects in sandstone increase obviously, which is the fundamental factor that leads to the change of mechanical and permeability characteristics of sandstone. The research findings presented in this paper provide theoretical support for assessing the stability of surrounding rock in high geothermal tunnels.
High-fat and high-sucrose diet-induced hypothalamic inflammation shows sex specific features in mice
Authors: De Paula Gabriela C. , Simões Rui F. , Garcia-Serrano Alba M. , Duarte João M. N. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Hypothalamic inflammation underlies diet-induced obesity and diabetes in rodent models. While diet normalization largely allows for recovery from metabolic impairment, it remains unknown whether long-term hypothalamic inflammation induced by obesogenic diets is a reversible process. In this study, we aimed at determining sex specificity of hypothalamic neuroinflammation and gliosis in mice fed a fat- and sugar-rich diet, and their reversibility upon diet normalization. Mice were fed a 60%-fat diet complemented by a 20% sucrose drink (HFHSD) for 3 days or 24 weeks, followed by a third group that had their diet normalized for the last 8 weeks of the study (reverse diet group, RevD). We determined the expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and of the inflammatory cell markers IBA1, CD68, GFAP and EMR1 in the hypothalamus, and analyzed morphology of microglia (IBA-1+ cells) and astrocytes (GFAP+ cells) in the arcuate nucleus. After 3 days of HFHSD feeding, male mice showed over-expression of IL-13, IL-18, IFN-γ, CD68 and EMR1 and reduced expression of IL-10, while females showed increased IL-6 and IBA1 and reduced IL-13, compared to controls. After 24 weeks of HFHSD exposure, male mice showed a general depression in the expression of cytokines, with prominent reduction of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-13, but increased TGF-β, while female mice showed over-expression of IFN-γ and IL-18. Furthermore, both female and male mice showed some degree of gliosis after HFHSD feeding for 24 weeks. In mice of both sexes, diet normalization after prolonged HFHSD feeding resulted in partial neuroinflammation recovery in the hypothalamus, but gliosis was only recovered in females. In sum, HFHSD-fed mice display sex-specific inflammatory processes in the hypothalamus that are not fully reversible after diet normalization.
Validation of an Arabic version of the Composite Abuse Scale (Revised)-Short Form (CASR- SF) as a measure of intimate partner violence in adult females from a Middle-Eastern country
Authors: Moubarak Perla , Malaeb Diana , Sakr Fouad , Dabbous Mariam , Fekih-Romdhane Feten , Hallit Souheil , Obeid Sahar 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a critical issue in the Arab world, exacerbated by the region's socioeconomic challenges and patriarchal societal structures. There is a pressing need for validated tools to measure abuse accurately among Arab-speaking women. This study aims to validate an Arabic translation of the Composite Abuse Scale (Revised)-Short Form (CASR-SF) to ensure its reliability and utility in capturing the experiences of abuse among Arabic-speaking women.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted between January and May 2023 using the snowball sampling technique and an online questionnaire. The sample included 915 Lebanese women aged 18–50 years (mean age = 27.09 ± 9.28 years). The participants completed the Arabic CASR-SF along with the Columbia–Suicide Severity Rating Scale and the Child Abuse Self-Report Scale. Psychometric analyses, including factor analysis and reliability testing, were performed to assess the validity of the Arabic CASR-SF.
Results
CFA indicated that fit of the one-factor model of CASR-SF scores was modest: RMSEA = .124 (90% CI .118, .130), SRMR = .046, CFI = .892, TLI = .870. After adding correlations between residuals of items 5–6, 10–11 and 14–15, the results improved: RMSEA = .107 (90% CI .101, .113), SRMR = .042, CFI = .922, TLI = .903. The second-order model showed a good fit as well: RMSEA = .107 (90% CI .101, .113), SRMR = .042, CFI = .922, TLI = .903. The standardized estimates of factor loadings were all adequate. Internal reliability was very good (ω = .95; α = .95). Higher CASR-SF scores were significantly correlated with higher suicidal ideations (r = .32; p < .001), higher child psychological abuse (r = .35; p < .001), child physical abuse (r = .35; p < .001) and child sexual abuse (r = .38; p < .001) but not child neglect (r = .03; p = .361).
Conclusion
The Arabic translation of the CASR-SF appears to be a reliable and valid tool for assessing IPV among Arabic-speaking female adults, at least in Lebanon. Its use in future for clinical practice and research is recommended, to help advance understanding and efforts aiming at mitigating IPV in diverse populations.
Treatment of Denervated Muscle Atrophy by Injectable Dual-responsive Hydrogels Loaded with Extracellular Vesicles
Authors: Du Jianzhong , Bu Ziheng , Jing Jianxing , Liu Wei , Fan Zhen , Huang Junchao , Zhou Zheng , Hu Jianhai , An Jinxi , Hong Jiachang , Yu Jianing , Sun Min , Wu Peng 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Denervated muscle atrophy is a common complication following nerve injury, which often leads to irreversible muscle fibrosis due to low treatment efficiency. Recently, bioactive substances such as extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been emerging as an effective therapeutic modality for muscle atrophy. However, the complicated microenvironments of denervated muscle atrophy could reduce the delivery efficiency and even result in the deactivation of EVs. To meet this challenge, an ultrasound and pH-responsive anti-inflammatory injectable hydrogel was developed, which can effectively load and deliver stem cells derived EVs with satisfactory treatment outcomes of denervated muscle atrophy. Carboxymethyl chitosan, oxidized chondrotin sulfate and cystamine dihydrochloride were crosslinked in situ by Schiff base reaction to form an injectable hydrogel, where the reversible covalent bond would break under ultrasound and acidic environments to promote hydrogel degradation and cargo release. Meanwhile, the hydrogel loaded with EVs isolated from human umbilial cord mesenchymal stem cells(HUC-MSCs) can release EVs in a controlled manner upon facile pH/ultrasound manipulation. The experimental results confirmed that the hydrogel loaded with EVs (EVs@UR-gel) was effective in preserving muscle function. After six weeks nerve reconstruction, the maximum muscle strength which is closely related to muscle function, the muscle circumference, the wet weight, can be restored to 89.53 ± 0.96%, 76.02 ± 7.49%, 88.0 ± 2.65% of the healthy state, and the sciatic nerve index (SFI) to -0.11 ± 0.09, respectively. Overall, this hydrogel provided a new platform to maintain the long-term in vivo bioactivity of EVs, achieve tunable EVs release at the site of denervated muscle atrophy based on the state of disease, and restore the morphology and function of muscle as a promising approach for treating denervated muscle atrophy.
Future weakening of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation shaped by reduced Labrador Sea winds and salt transport feedback
Authors: Park Hyo-Seok , Lim Won-il , Stewart Andrew 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Climate models predict a wide range of AMOC weakening, complicating future projections. Using CMIP6 data, this study finds that future AMOC weakening is strongly influenced by increased downward heat flux, especially in the Labrador Sea. Despite substantial heat uptake (10–80 Wm-2), seawater temperatures barely rise due to reduced heat transport linked to AMOC weakening. Changes in seawater temperature minimally affect density, but decreased northward salt flux associated with AMOC weakening reduces density in the Labrador Sea. CMIP6 models suggest that increased heat uptake in the Labrador Sea can initiate AMOC weakening, followed by reduced salinity. Further analysis shows that changes in surface heat flux in the Labrador Sea are dominated by turbulent heat fluxes, strongly influenced by surface winds. These findings suggest that the extent of Labrador Sea wind weakening and the associated reduction in salinity are crucial factors in explaining the future degree of AMOC weakening.
Electron transfer engineering of artificially designed cell factory for complete biosynthesis of natural products
Authors: Zhou Jingwen , Chen Qihang , Wei Wenqian , Chao Zikai , Qi Rui , He Jianhong , Chen Huating , Wang Ke , Wang Xinglong , Rao Yijian 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Biosynthesis of natural products (NPs) by artificially designed cell factories often involves numerous nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-dependent enzymes that mediate electron transfer reactions. However, the mechanisms of electron transfer from regeneration to the final delivery to the active centers of various types of NADPH-dependent enzymes remain elusive, limiting our ability to systematically engineer electron transfer (ETE) to improve NPs production. Here, we elucidated the electron transfer mechanisms of NADPH-dependent enzymes, which were further contributed to systematically ETE of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, including step-by-step engineering the electron transfer residues of 7-Dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR7) and P450 sterol side chain cleaving enzyme (P450scc), electron transfer components for directing carbon flux, and NADPH regeneration pathways, for high-level production of the cholesterol (1.78 g/L) and pregnenolone (0.83 g/L). Additionally, computational chemical analysis indicated that the ETE process make the electron transfer chains shorter and more stable which significantly accelerated proton coupled electron transfer process. This study underscores the significance of ETE strategies in NPs biosynthesis and expands synthetic biology approaches.
Effectiveness of strain and dopants on breaking the activity-stability trade-off of RuO2 acidic oxygen evolution electrocatalysts
Authors: Lee Hyoyoung , Liu Yang , Wang Yixuan , Li Hao , Kim Min , Wu Mingbo 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Ruthenium dioxide (RuO₂) electrocatalysts for acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) suffer from mediocre activity and rather instability induced by high Ru-O covalency. Here, the tensile strained Sr0.1Ta0.1Ru0.8O2-x (TS-Sr0.1Ta0.1Ru0.8O2-x) nanocatalysts were synthesized via a molten salt-assisted quenching strategy. The TS spacially elongates the Ru-O bond and reduces covalency, thereby inhibiting the lattice oxygen participation and structural decomposition. The synergistic electronic modulations among Sr-Ru-Ta groups both optimize deprotonation on oxygen sites and intermediates absorption on Ru sites, lowering the OER energy barrier. Those result in a well-balanced activity-stability profile, confirmed by comprehensive experimental and theoretical analyses. Our TS-Sr0.1Ta0.1Ru0.8O2-x electrode demonstrated an overpotential of 166 mV at 10 mA cm-2 in 0.5 M H2SO4 and an order of magnitude higher S-number, indicating exceptional stability compared to bare Sr0.1Ta0.1Ru0.8O2-x. It exhibited degradation rates of 0.02 mV/h at 10 mA cm-2 over 1000 h and 0.25 mV/h at 200 mA cm-2 over 200 h. This study elucidates the effectiveness of tensile strain and strategic doping in enhancing the activity and stability of Ru-based catalysts for acidic OER.
Comparison of the hippocampal and parahippocampal gyrus volume and cognitive function in elderly schizophrenia with elderly depression and Alzheimer’s disease -Trial use of VSRAD and MMSE
Authors: Sakanishi Nobuhiko , Yamashita Kensho , Watanabe Kenjiro 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

(Aim) VSRAD can measure the volume of the hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus in patients over 55 years of age, and is used not only for Alzheimer's disease but also for hippocampal sclerosis etc. To statistically analyze the correlation between the hippocampal and parahippocampal gyrus volume and cognitive functions in elderly schizophrenia, elderly depression and Alzheimer’s disease . (Methods) At Kikuchi Hospital, the authors diagnosed schizophrenia in 89 patients, depression in 50 patients and Alzheimer’s disease in 113 patients at the time of the first visit of the patients to our hospital in 10years. The study was conducted in three groups of patients that were roughly matched with each other in terms of the mean age and group size, i.e., the schizophrenia group (n = 19), the depression group (n = 18), and the Alzheimer’s disease group (n = 20). (Results)The VSRAD Z-score increased in the order of Alzheimer’s disease group > schizophrenia group > depression group, with statistically significant inter-group differences (P < 0.05). In other words, the hippocampal and parahippocampal gyrus volume decreased statistically significantly in the same order①. The hippocampal and parahippocampal gyrus volume was significantly smaller in the schizophrenia group than that in the depression group (P < 0.05), even though the mean age was lower in the schizophrenia group②. In the depression group(rs = 0.24), the cognitive functioning level did not decrease despite the decreased the hippocampal and parahippocampal gyrus volume③. In the schizophrenia group(rs = 0.26), as in the Alzheimer’s disease group(rs = 0.31), the cognitive functioning level decreased as the hippocampal and parahippocampal gyrus volume became smaller④. (Conclusion) The hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus is a brain region that plays a crucial role in the cognitive decline associated with schizophrenia.
A Frequency-Based Hierarchy of Dynamical Models in Cislunar Space: Leveraging Periodically and Quasi-Periodically Perturbed Models
Authors: Park Beom , Sanaga Rohith Reddy , Howell Kathleen C. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Understanding the applicability of different dynamical models within cislunar space is a useful yet challenging problem. The current work constructs a hierarchy of dynamical models leveraging a common rotating reference frame that accommodates multiple dynamical models. In such a formulation, the Higher-Fidelity Ephemeris Model (HFEM) is approximated as quasi-periodically perturbed model with multiple frequencies in addition to the autonomous Circular Restricted Three-Body Problem (CR3BP) dynamics. Then, different intermediate models are evaluated within the hierarchy in terms of the types and numbers of the incorporated frequencies. The analysis focuses on three main topics. Firstly, coherent solar gravity modeling is properly defined with analytical and visual criteria that serve as useful metrics in assessing intermediate models. Secondly, two periodically perturbed models, i.e., Quasi Bi-Circular Problem (QBCP) and Hill Restricted Four-Body Problem (HR4BP), are investigated within the common rotating reference frame. The capabilities and limitations of these two models within the hierarchy between the CR3BP and HFEM are examined, focusing on the similarities and differences in the models. Thirdly, novel quasi-periodically perturbed models are introduced. Leveraging the insight from Hill's lunar theory, two models are designed denoted as In-plane Quasi-Hill Restricted Four-Body Problem (I-QHR4BP) and Out-of-plane Quasi-Hill Restricted Four-Body Problem (O-QHR4BP). These two models selectively introduce the eccentricity between the Earth-Moon system and the inclination of the lunar orbit with respect to the Earth ecliptic plane, respectively, in addition to the HR4BP. The global characteristics of these new models are analyzed within the common rotating reference frame. The capabilities of multiple models within the model hierarchy are analyzed for two sample transition cases from the CR3BP to HFEM: L2 Lagrange point and the L2 9:2 synodic halo orbit.
Small Towns and Their Effects on the Livelihood Diversification of Rural Households in the Wolaita Zone, South Ethiopia Region
Authors: Gamo Kataro Galasso 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The new development policies and strategies of Ethiopia envisage small towns as a strategic tools for strengthening rural urban linkages and livelihood diversification to support overall economic development and poverty reduction. This is due to the role of small towns in bridging urban and rural areas and the interdependence of the rural and urban economies. However, Ethiopian small towns do not seem to be on the right track in terms of their relationship with the agricultural sector as required by government policy and strategies. Past studies failed to determine the potential benefits of small towns for diversifying income through reinforcing rural urban links across the country. The objective of this study is to examine the capacity of small towns to diversify the incomes of rural households to assist in achieving the goals of sustainable development. The study is based on a mixed methods approach using both quantitative and qualitative data with a questionnaire survey of 355 households from the Damot Pulassa district of the Wolaita Zone as the main data collection tool. The study also collected qualitative data through informant interviews from 15 households and experts. The research question addressed in this paper is what contributions can small towns make to diversify the incomes of rural households? A binary logit model was applied to investigate the factors influencing household participation in income diversification. In this regard, out of the 12 explanatory variables included in the model, 5 were significant. The results confirm that factors such as age, farm land size, yearly cash income, access to credit and distance from the small town were key determinants of farmers’ participation in income diversification. Furthermore, the study identifies income diversification as a cumulative effect of several factors, and therefore urges policy makers to pay due attention to them with a view to overcoming challenging factors. To promote the effects of small towns on rural household income diversification, both agricultural and urban sector productivity should be enhanced through improved agricultural productivity and enhanced performance of the small business sector in small towns through the complete support of the government.
Эффективность тирозил-D-аргинил-фенилаланил-глицин амида для послеоперационного обезболивания в лапароскопической гинекологии: рандомизированное контролируемое исследование
Authors: Дмитриев А. А. , Трембач Н. В. , Проценко Д. Д. , Заболотских Игорь Борисович 
Published: August 2024

INTRODUCTION: Despite the introduction of the principles of multimodal analgesia, it is often necessary to use opioids to relieve pain, which, as is known, have a number of significant side effects. The domestic peptide opioid agonist tyrosyl-D-arginyl-phenylalanyl-glycin amide has been studied for a relatively short time, but has already proven itself well in the treatment of pain in cancer patients and in the postoperative period. OBJECTIVE: To study the effectiveness and safety of postoperative pain relief for gynecological laparoscopic surgery based on the use of the peptide tyrosyl-D-arginyl-phenylalanyl-glycin. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A randomized controlled trial was conducted in 118 gynecological patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery. The patients were randomly assigned to one of the groups: the patient of the main group, received tyrosyl-D-arginyl-phenylalanyl-glycin amide at a dose of 4 mg, subcutaneously, 3 times a day (group T); control group — placebo subcutaneously, 3 times a day (group C). The severity of pain syndrome according to numerical rating scale (NRS) and total pain relief in the first 6 hours (TOTPAR0-6) were assessed. RESULTS: The level of pain severity was statistically significantly lower in group T compared with the control group 30 minutes after the end of the surgery (2.98 ± 0.97 versus 3.66 ± 0.60, p < 0.0001), after 2 hours (2.50 ± 0.81 versus 3.47 ± 0.99, p < 0.0001) and after 6 hours (2.49 ± 0.80 versus 3.30 ± 0.88, p < 0.0001). The need for opiates was significantly lower in group T (14.15 ± 1.79 mg versus 16.08 ± 2.29 mg, p < 0.0001). The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting was one and a half times lower in the group T; among the adverse events, differences between the groups were identified in the incidence of hypoxemia. CONCLUSIONS: The use of tyrosyl-D-arginyl-phenylalanyl-glycin amide as a component of a multimodal postoperative pain management can reduce the severity of pain, reduce the need for narcotic analgesics and reduce the frequency of critical respiratory incidents. The use of the drug was not accompanied by an increase in adverse events.
Late-stage microstructures in Chang’E-5 basalt and implications for the evolution of lunar ferrobasalt
Authors: Jin Ziliang , Hou Tong , Zhu Meng-Hua , Zhang Yishen , Namur Olivier 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This study investigates silicate liquid immiscibility (SLI) microstructures in the Chang’E-5 (CE-5) lunar ferrobasalt sample, the youngest recovered mare basalt (ca. ~2.0 Ga). Employing advanced high-resolution imaging techniques and chemical analysis, we examined a subophitic fragment, revealing two distinct types of microstructures indicative of multi-stage SLI events. The first type is observed in the mesostasis pockets and exhibits both “sieve” and “maze” textures, where the Si-K rich glassy phases are interconnected with Fe-rich minerals, e.g., fayalite. This type of microstructure, similar to previous observations in Apollo and Luna samples, is the product of a stable SLI event. The second type is characterized by K-free but high-Si melt inclusions occurring as emulsions in the rims of plagioclase. The entrapment of these emulsions followed a metastable SLI event, with the Fe-rich liquids serving as precursors to subsequent stable SLI processes. Additionally, the Fe-rich droplets within the emulsions underwent coarsening via Ostwald ripening, a phenomenon in which smaller particles in solution dissolve and deposit on larger particles. Our simulation of this coarsening process suggests a duration of at least 15-32 days for the SLI processes, alongside a slow cooling rate (&lt; 0.3 °C/hour) of the late-stage CE-5 lava. We propose that metastable SLI may have influenced the effusive signature of the CE-5 lava flow during its late-stage evolution. The metastable SLI process can potentially lead to the formation of various phases during the late-stage evolution of lunar ferrobasaltic magmas, thereby contributing to the diversity of lunar rock types.