bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Response‐dependent and reduced treatment in lower risk Hodgkin lymphoma in children and adolescents, results of P9426: A report from the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: Tebbi Cameron K. , Mendenhall Nancy P. , London Wendy B. , Williams Jonathan L. , Hutchison Robert E. , FitzGerald Thomas J. , de Alarcón Pedro A. , Schwartz Cindy , Chauvenet Allen 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackgroundHodgkin lymphoma is highly curable but associated with significant late effects. Reduction of total treatment would be anticipated to reduce late effects. This aim of this study was to demonstrate that a reduction in treatment was possible without compromising survival outcomes.MethodsProtocol P9426, a response‐dependent and reduced treatment for low risk Hodgkin lymphoma (stages I, IIA, and IIIA1) was designed in 1994 based on a previous pilot project. Patients were enrolled from October 15, 1996 to September 19, 2000. Patients were randomized to receive or not receive dexrazoxane and received two cycles of chemotherapy consisting of doxorubicin, bleomycin, vincristine, and etoposide. After two cycles, patients were evaluated for response. Those in complete response (CR) received 2,550 cGy of involved field radiation therapy (IFRT). Patient with partial response or stable disease, received two more cycles of chemotherapy and IFRT at 2,550 cGy.ResultsThere were 294 patients enrolled, with 255 eligible for analysis. The 8‐year event free survival (EFS) between the dexrazoxane randomized groups did not differ (EFS 86.8 ± 3.1% with DRZ, and 85.7 ± 3.3% without DRZ (P = 0.70). Forty‐five percent of patients demonstrated CR after two cycles of chemotherapy. There was no difference in EFS by histology, rapidity of response, or number of cycles of chemotherapy. Six of the eight secondary malignancies in this study have been previously reported.ConclusionsDespite reduced therapy and exclusion of most patients with lymphocyte predominant histology, EFS and overall survival are similar to other reported studies. The protocol documents that it is safe and effective to reduce therapy in low‐risk Hodgkin lymphoma based on early response to chemotherapy with rapid responding patients having the same outcome as slower‐responding patients when given 50% of the chemotherapy. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 59: 1259–1265. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Biobased‐waterborne homopolymers from oleic acid derivatives
Authors: Moreno Mónica , Goikoetxea Monika , Barandiaran María J. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe use of the renewable resource oleic acid to produce environmentally friendly polymeric materials with potential applications as coatings was investigated in this work. Methacrylated derivative oleic acid monomer was synthesized by addition of the carboxylic acid with glycidyl methacrylate, with the aim of preserving the double bonds of the acid backbone. Two catalysts with auto‐oxidative potential were used for that purpose and the resulting monomer was further polymerized via free radical miniemulsion polymerization. Total conversion latexes with a significant amount of gel, mainly because of the crosslinking through the double bonds of the oleic acid, were obtained. No influence of the monomer type on the kinetics and microstructural properties was observed. Polymer films were evaluated and an important improvement on mechanical properties was achieved by the auto‐oxidative curing of the remaining unsaturations along the polymer backbone, promoted by the catalyst present in the latex. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Ni(II) and Pd(II) complexes bearing benzocyclohexane–ketoarylimine for copolymerization of norbornene with 5‐norbornene‐2‐carboxylic ester
Authors: He Xiaohui , Liu Yueman , Chen Lu , Chen Yiwang , Chen Defu 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA serial of late transition metal complexes, which bearing Benzocyclohexane–ketoarylimine ligand and named as Mt(benzocyclohexane–ketoarylimino)2 {Mt(bchkai)2: Mt=Ni or Pd; bchkai=C10H8(O)CN(Ar)CH3; Ar=naphthyl or fluoryl}, have been synthesized and characterized. The molecular structures of the ligands and nickel complex have been confirmed by X‐ray single‐crystal analyses. The nickel complexes exhibited very high activity up to 2.7 × 105 gpolymer/molNi·h and palladium complexes showed high activity up to 2.3 × 105 gpolymer/molPd·h for norbornene (NB) homo‐polymerization with tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane as cocatalyst. The four complexes were effective for copolymerization of NB and 5‐norbornene‐2‐carboxylic acid methyl ester (NB‐COOCH3) in relatively high activities (0.1–2.4 × 105 gpolymer/molMt·h) and produced the addition‐type copolymers with relatively high molecular weights (0.5 × 105–1.2 × 105 g/mol) as well as narrow molecular weight distributions (PDI < 2 for all polymers). Influences of the metals and comonomer feed content on the polymerization activity as well as on the incorporation rates (20.9–42.6%) were investigated. The achieved NB/NB‐COOCH3 copolymers were confirmed to be noncrystalline, exhibited good thermal stability (Td > 400°C) and showed good solubility in common organic solvents. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Polyacrylamide hydrogel membranes with controlled pore sizes
Authors: Valade David , Wong Lawrence K. , Jeon Yujung , Jia Zhongfan , Monteiro Michael J. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractWe developed a method to characterize polymer‐supported polyacrylamide crosslinked hydrogel networks using a range of well‐defined poly(N, N‐dimethylacrylamide)‐coated gold nanoparticles with diameters ranging from 3 to 48 nm under ultrafiltration conditions of 16 bar. The membranes resulted in permeabilities ranging between 0.199 and 6.343 × 10−18 m2. There was a direct correlation between the size exclusion and the permeability rate coefficient, km; the higher the km value the larger the average pore size. Our results further demonstrate that the gold nanoparticles could be trapped within the membrane at the end of a cul‐de‐sacs found within the gel network, which often leads to membrane fouling. We believe that this method of using gold nanoparticles to characterize crosslinked membranes provides insight into the gel network, and will provide a unique tool to analyze new membranes. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
Effect of substrate temperature on the microstructure, optical, and electrical properties of reactive DC magnetron sputtering vanadium oxide films
Authors: Zhang Dongping , Huang Rengui , Zhang Ting , Li Yan , Chen Youtong , Zhong Yonglin , Fan Ping , Huang Jianjun 
Published: August 2012

AbstractVanadium oxide thin films were prepared by DC reactive magnetron sputtering at substrate temperatures ranged from room temperature to 400 °C, and the effects of substrate temperature on microstructure, optical, and electrical properties of the films were analyzed. XRD spectra showed that the main component of the thin films was V2O5 with orthorhombic structure. Tensile stresses exist in the thin films. With increasing substrate temperature, the films gradually changed from amorphous to polycrystalline in nature. High peak transmittance of about 80% for the samples prepared at temperatures less than 300 °C is observed. The optical bandgap of the thin films slightly decreased from 2.51 to 2.44 eV at first, and then increased with increasing substrate temperature. The optical bandgap changes can be attributed to grain size increasing and structural modification of thin films with substrate temperature. All samples had a large sheet resistance of about 106–107 Ω/□ and negative temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) of about −1.0% K−1. The sheet resistance decreased as the deposition temperature increased, and the TCR presented an initial decrease and then an increasing trend.
Observing the amorphous‐to‐crystalline phase transition in Ge2Sb2Te5 non‐volatile memory materials from ab initio molecular‐dynamics simulations
Authors: Lee T. H. , Elliott S. R. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPhase‐change memory is a promising candidate for the next generation of non‐volatile memory devices. This technology utilizes reversible phase transitions between amorphous and crystalline phases of a recording material, and has been successfully used in rewritable optical data storage, revealing its feasibility. In spite of the importance of understanding the nucleation and growth processes that play a critical role in the phase transition, this understanding is still incomplete. Here, we present observations of the early stages of crystallization in Ge2Sb2Te5 materials through ab initio molecular‐dynamics simulations. Planar structures, including fourfold rings and planes, play an important role in the formation and growth of crystalline clusters in the amorphous matrix. At the same time, vacancies facilitate crystallization by providing space at the glass–crystalline interface for atomic diffusion, which results in fast crystal growth, as observed in simulations and experiments. The microscopic mechanism of crystallization presented here may deepen our understanding of the phase transition occurring in real devices, providing an opportunity to optimize the memory performance of phase‐change materials.
EVALUATION OF IN SITU FLUOROMETRY TO DETERMINE CYANOBACTERIAL ABUNDANCE IN THE MURRAY AND LOWER DARLING RIVERS, AUSTRALIA
Authors: Bowling L. , Ryan D. , Holliday J. , Honeyman G. 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTA Yellow Springs Instruments water quality sonde fitted with fluorometric probes for phycocyanin and chlorophyll a was trialled at sites along the Murray and Lower Darling Rivers, Australia, during 2008–2009. The project examined whether the in situ quantification of phycocyanin by fluorometry could be used to determine the abundance of cyanobacteria present. Abundance was measured in the laboratory as biovolume from samples collected at the same time as the phycocyanin measurements. The study found a strong positive relationship between the two measurements. However, it was found that the use of in situ phycocyanin fluorometry was not effective in turbid water higher than 50 Nephelometric turbidity units (NTU) as this produced false‐positive readings for phycocyanin. There was a considerable amount of variance within the data, much probably caused by error in estimating cyanobacterial biovolumes. Some variability may also be attributed to error involved in the in situ measurement of phycocyanin, especially when cyanobacterial abundance was close to the lower limit of quantification of the instrument. This is likely to be greatest when total cyanobacterial biovolume is less than 0.4 mm3 L−1. The relationship between phycocyanin measured in situ by fluorometry and total cyanobacterial biovolume varied spatially between sites along the Murray River, probably caused by differences in cyanobacterial abundance and in the species composition of the cyanobacterial communities in different sections of the river. No relationship was found between total cyanobacterial biovolume and chlorophyll a measured by in situ fluorometry. However, in situ fluorometry has the potential to be a useful rapid assessment tool for cyanobacterial bloom management. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new tool for transvenous pacing lead extraction
Authors: Yuasa Takeshi , Tanaka Toshikazu , Suzuki Noriyuki , Hirai Toshihisa , Ui Yuichi , Baba Yuri 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIn recent years, the need for a lead‐removal technique has increased. Various extraction devices for traction and dissection are used worldwide, and quite a few of these devices are available in Japan. This paper details our experience using a new tool for manual dissection during transvenous pacing lead extraction. Five leads from 4 patients were considered for extraction using a new tool, the Amplatz renal dilator (Cook Ireland Ltd., Limerick, Ireland). The dilator was advanced following the lead course, similar to the over‐the‐wire technique. From 2 (50%) of the patients, 2 leads were extracted successfully using this procedure. No complications occurred in any of the patients. The remaining 3 leads could not be removed due to 2 reasons: first, the lead was entrapped in the supra vena cava, and second, the new dissection tool could not be inserted into the implant vein because of the tight space under the clavicle. Although the Amplatz renal dilator was useful for dissection, it was not sufficient for achieving complete procedural success. Our experience suggests that the Amplatz renal dilator can be a feasible and safe option for low‐risk manual dissection in transvenous pacing lead extraction.
Ultrasound and Ski Resort Clinics: Mapping Out the Potential Benefits
Authors: Evans C. Scott , Harris N. Stuart 
Published: August 2012

Background Skiing and snowboarding are popular activities that involve high kinetic energies, often at altitude, and injuries are common. As a portable imaging modality, ultrasound may be a useful adjunct for mountainside clinics. This review briefly discusses skier and snowboarder injury profiles and focuses on the role of ultrasound for each injury type. Methods Twenty-two sources including 17 reviews and observational studies were obtained describing skier and snowboarder injuries. Forty-nine studies were identified defining ultrasound applications for these injuries, including 38 reviews and observational studies, 6 case reports or case series, 3 cross-sectional studies, and 2 randomized, blinded studies. Results Approximately 200 000 rider injuries are evaluated in the Unites States seasonally. Musculoskeletal injuries are the most common, and head, face, neck, and abdominal injuries are also prevalent, as are exacerbations of preexisting disease. Ultrasound has been shown to be useful and accurate for evaluating the aforementioned injury types, including joint, ligament, tendon, and fracture evaluation. Ultrasound has not been extensively studied in the prehospital setting, and only limited data address the utility of how it might influence management in a mountainside clinic setting. Conclusions Ultrasound has the potential to be a useful diagnostic modality in ski resort clinics. The most promising areas for future, applied studies include evaluation of musculoskeletal injuries (especially injuries to joints and tendons and ruling out fractures), assessing for elevated intracranial pressure in minor head injuries and symptoms of altitude illness, and focused assessment with sonography for trauma and extended focused assessment with sonography for trauma examinations for cases of chest and abdominal trauma of unknown significance.
Influence of flame geometry on turbulent premixed flame propagation: a DNS investigation
Authors: Dunstan T. D. , Swaminathan N. , Bray K. N. C. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe sensitivity of the turbulent flame speed to the geometry of the flame is investigated using direct numerical simulations of turbulent premixed flames in three canonical configurations: freely propagating statistically planar flames, planar flames stabilized in stagnating flows, and rod-stabilized V-flames. We consider both the consumption speed, which measures the integrated rate of burning, and the propagation speed, which measures the speed of an isosurface within the flame brush. An algebraic model for the propagation speed of the leading edge of the flame brush, which is blind to flame geometry, is also applied to the data for the purposes of establishing its range of validity and the causes of its failure. The turbulent consumption speed is found to be strongly geometry dependent, primarily due to the continuous growth of the flame brush thickness. Changes in the structure and consumption speed of instantaneous flame fronts are found to be only weakly sensitive to flame geometry. The turbulent propagation speed is analysed in terms of its reactive, diffusive and turbulent flux components. All three terms are shown to be significant, both through the flame brush and along the leading edge. The leading-edge propagation speed is found to be sensitive to flame geometry only in the V-flames under certain conditions. It is suggested that this apparent geometry dependence, which the model cannot capture, results from the relation between the turbulence and mean flow time scales in these particular cases, and is not intrinsic to the flame geometry itself.
ON MAHLER’S -ADIC -NUMBERS
Authors: KEKEÇ GÜLCAN 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe aim of this work is to adapt a construction of the so-called $U_{m}$-numbers ($m\gt 1$), which are extended Liouville numbers with respect to algebraic numbers of degree $m$ but not with respect to algebraic numbers of degree less than $m$, to the $p$-adic frame.
The crystal structure of tin sulphate, SnSO4, and comparison with isostructural SrSO4, PbSO4, and BaSO4
Authors: Antao Sytle M. 
Published: August 2012

The crystal structure of tin (II) sulphate, SnSO4, was obtained by Rietveld refinement using synchrotron high-resolution powder X-ray diffraction (HRPXRD) data. The structure was refined in space group Pbnm. The unit-cell parameters for SnSO4 are a = 7.12322(1), b = 8.81041(1), c = 5.32809(1) Å, and V = 334.383(1) Å3. The average 〈Sn–O〉 [12] distance is 2.9391(4) Å. However, the Sn2+cation has a pyramidal [3]-coordination to O atoms and the average 〈Sn–O〉 [3] = 2.271(1) Å. If Sn is considered as [12]-coordinated, SnSO4 has a structure similar to barite, BaSO4, and its structural parameters are intermediate between those of BaSO4 and PbSO4. The tetrahedral SO4 group has an average 〈S–O〉 [4] = 1.472(1) Å in SnSO4. Comparing SnSO4 with the isostructural SrSO4, PbSO4, and BaSO4, several well-defined trends are observed. The radii, rM, of the M2+(=Sr, Pb, Sn, and Ba) cations and average 〈S–O〉 distances vary linearly with V because of the effective size of the M2+cation. Based on the trend for the isostructural sulphates, the average 〈Sn–O〉 [12] distance is slightly longer than expected because of the lone pair of electrons on the Sn2+cation.
Application of molecular epidemiology to understanding campylobacteriosis in the Canterbury region of New Zealand
Authors: GILPIN B. J. , WALSHE G. , ON S. L. , SMITH D. , MARSHALL J. C. , FRENCH N. P. 
Published: August 2012

SUMMARYPulsed-field gel electrophoresis genotypes of Campylobacter isolates from 603 human patients were compared with 485 isolates from retail offal (primarily chicken and lamb) to identify temporal clusters and possible sources of campylobacteriosis. Detailed epidemiological information was collected from 364 of the patients, and when combined with genotyping data allowed a putative transmission pathway of campylobacteriosis to be assigned for 88% of patients. The sources of infection were 47% food, 28% direct animal contact, 7% overseas travel, 4% person-to-person transmission and 3% water-related. A significant summer increase in campylobacteriosis cases was primarily attributed to an increase in food-related cases. Genotyping of isolates was essential for identifying the likely cause of infection for individuals. However, a more rapid and cheaper typing tool for Campylobacter is needed, which if applied to human and animal isolates on a routine basis could advance greatly our understanding of the ongoing problem of Campylobacter infection in New Zealand.
Ageing in an ultra-dense metropolis: perceived neighbourhood characteristics and utilitarian walking in Hong Kong elders
Authors: Cerin Ester , Sit Cindy HP , Barnett Anthony , Johnston Janice M , Cheung Man-Chin , Chan Wai-Man 
Published: August 2012

AbstractObjectiveThe neighbourhood built environment may affect walking behaviour of elders. However, such effects remain underexplored, especially in an Asian context. We examined associations of perceived environmental attributes with overall and neighbourhood-specific walking for transport in a sample of Chinese elders residing in Hong Kong, an ultra-dense Chinese metropolis.DesignCross-sectional observational study using a two-stage stratified sampling strategy.SettingHong Kong, China.SubjectsChinese-speaking elders (n 484), with no cognitive impairment and able to walk without assistance, residing in thirty-two selected communities stratified by socio-economic status and walkability, were interviewer-administered validated measures of perceived neighbourhood environment and walking for transport.ResultsMuch higher levels of transport-related walking (mean 569 (sd 452) min/week) than found in Western samples were reported. The degree of perceived access to shops, crowdedness, presence of sitting facilities and easy access of residential entrance were independently positively related to both frequency of overall and within-neighbourhood walking for transportation. Infrastructure for walking and access to public transport were predictive of higher frequency of transport-related walking irrespective of location, while the perceived degree of land-use mix was predictive of higher levels of within-neighbourhood walking.ConclusionsThe provision of easy access to shops, residential entrances and sitting facilities in the neighbourhood may promote overall transport-related walking, while a good public transport network and pedestrian infrastructure linking destination-poor with destination-rich locations may compensate for the detrimental effects of living in less walkable neighbourhoods. Governmental investment in these micro- and macro-environmental features would help the promotion of an active lifestyle in elders.
SED fitting with MCMC: methodology and application to large galaxy surveys
Authors: Acquaviva Viviana , Gawiser Eric , Guaita Lucia 
Published: August 2012

AbstractWe present GalMC (Acquaviva et al. 2011), our publicly available Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm for SED fitting, show the results obtained for a stacked sample of Lyman Alpha Emitting galaxies at z ~ 3, and discuss the dependence of the inferred SED parameters on the assumptions made in modeling the stellar populations. We also introduce SpeedyMC, a version of GalMC based on interpolation of pre-computed template libraries. While the flexibility and number of SED fitting parameters is reduced with respect to GalMC, the average running time decreases by a factor of 20,000, enabling SED fitting of each galaxy in about one second on a 2.2GHz MacBook Pro laptop, and making SpeedyMC the ideal instrument to analyze data from large photometric galaxy surveys.
AKARI observations of the multiphase intergalactic medium of Stephan's Quintet
Authors: Suzuki Toyoaki , Kaneda Hidehiro , Onaka Takashi , Kitayama Tetsu 
Published: August 2012

AbstractStephan's Quintet (SQ, HCG92) is a well studied compact group of galaxies with a disturbed intergalactic medium (IGM). An “intruder” galaxy NGC 7318b is currently colliding with the IGM at a relative velocity of 1000 km s−1, causing a large-scale shock front. We observed SQ with the Far-Infrared Surveyor (FIS) aboard AKARI in four far-infrared (far-IR) bands at 65, 90, 140, and 160μm. The 160μm image clearly shows an additional peak of emission overlying structure extending in the North-South direction along the shock ridge seen in the 140μm band, and in H2 and X-ray emission. Whereas most of the far-IR emission in the shocked region is from cold dust (20 K), the [CII]158μm emission - whose luminosity is comparable to that of the warm H2 gas - can significantly contribute to the single peak emission in the 160μm band. We conclude that the [CII] line emission comes from the warm H2 gas in the shock. Our result represents the first detection of shock-excited [CII] line emission.