bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Percutaneous Axillary Vein Approach in Pediatric Pacing: Comparison with Subclavian Vein Approach
Authors: SILVETTI MASSIMO STEFANO , PLACIDI SILVIA , PALMIERI ROSALINDA , RIGHI DANIELA , RAVÀ LUCILLA , DRAGO FABRIZIO 
Published: October 2013

AimsThe subclavian vein approach has been used for 20 years in our center for pacemaker (PM) implantation in children, but it carries risks of hemothorax/pneumothorax and lead fracture, which could be reduced by axillary vein approach.Methods and ResultsThis is a prospective study enrolling the first 48 consecutive pediatric patients (age: 12.3 ± 4.6 years) who underwent PM/implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator leads implantation through axillary vein (guided by contrast venography) between 2009 and 2012 (group I). A comparison was made with the outcomes of the subclavian vein approach (group II) in 41 patients, age 12.3 ± 4.8 years, consecutively enrolled between 2006 and 2011. The two groups showed no significant differences for the variables examined except for follow‐up, longer in group II, and for alternative ventricular pacing sites, more frequent in group I. Axillary vein diameter was 7.9 ± 1.7 mm and showed positive correlation with height (r = 0.77). The axillary vein approach was effective in 93.7% of patients. The unsuccessful procedures occurred in patients with significantly lower age and smaller venous diameters. The subclavian vein approach was effective in 100% of patients. Sixty‐two leads were implanted in group I, 54 in group II. There were neither intraoperative complications in both the groups, nor significant differences for early and late complications.ConclusionsThe axillary vein approach for PM implantation in children is effective and safe for physicians skilled with subclavian vein approach. Younger patients with smaller vein diameters are at low risk for unsuccessful procedure.
Formation and Direct Repair of UV‐induced Dimeric DNA Pyrimidine Lesions
Authors: Kneuttinger Andrea Christa , Kashiwazaki Gengo , Prill Stefan , Heil Korbinian , Müller Markus , Carell Thomas 
Published: October 2013

AbstractDirect repair of UV‐induced DNA lesions represents an elegant method for many organisms to deal with these highly mutagenic and cytotoxic compounds. Although the participating proteins are structurally well investigated, the exact repair mechanism of the photolyase enzymes remains a vivid subject of current research. In this review, we summarize and highlight the recent contributions to this exciting field.
50th Anniversary Article: Effect of Sensor Noise on the Resolution and Spatial Resolution of Displacement and Strain Maps Estimated with the Grid Method
Authors: Grediac M. , Sur F. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTThis paper deals with noise propagation from camera sensor to displacement and strain maps when the grid method is employed to estimate these quantities. It is shown that closed‐form equations can be employed to predict the link between metrological characteristics such as resolution and spatial resolution in displacement and strain maps on the one hand and various quantities characterising grid images such as brightness, contrast and standard deviation of noise on the other hand. Various numerical simulations confirm first the relevance of this approach in the case of an idealised camera sensor impaired by a homoscedastic Gaussian white noise. Actual CCD or CMOS sensors exhibit, however, a heteroscedastic noise. A pre‐processing step is therefore proposed to first stabilise noise variance prior to employing the predictive equations, which provide the resolution in strain and displacement maps due to sensor noise. This step is based on both a modelling of sensor noise and the use of the generalised Anscombe transform to stabilise noise variance. Applying this procedure in the case of a translation test confirms that it is possible to model correctly noise propagation from sensor to displacement and strain maps, and thus also to predict the actual link between resolution, spatial resolution and standard deviation of noise in grid images.
Red cell storage in E‐Sol 5 and Adsol additive solutions: paired comparison using mixed and non‐mixed study designs
Authors: Radwanski K. , Thill M. , Min K. 
Published: October 2013

Background and ObjectivesIf transfusion of older stored red cells is found to negatively affect clinical outcome, one possible alternative to shortened outdate is the use of new additive solutions (AS) that ameliorate the storage lesion. Erythro‐Sol (E‐Sol), a previously developed next‐generation AS, has been reformulated into E‐Sol 5, which is compatible with current anticoagulants and AS volumes. The effect of E‐Sol 5 on red cells during storage compared to current AS has not been reported.Materials and MethodsPaired, ABO‐matched whole‐blood units were collected into CPD anticoagulant, pooled, split and processed into plasma and red cell units with either 110 ml of Adsol or 105 ml of E‐Sol 5 within 8 h of collection. In Study 1, paired units in E‐Sol 5 and Adsol were sampled on Day 0 and every 7 days up to Day 42 (n = 10). In Study 2, paired units in E‐Sol 5 and Adsol were sampled only on Day 0 and Day 42 (n = 10).ResultsIn Study 1, 2,3 DPG levels were maintained until Day 28 in E‐Sol 5 units and Day 14 in Adsol units. ATP levels were higher in E‐Sol 5 units until Day 21, after which they were comparable between the two groups. In both studies, metabolic activity was greater in E‐Sol 5 units with respect to glucose consumption and lactate production. Morphology scores were higher, and haemolysis and microparticles generated were lower in E‐Sol 5 vs. Adsol units. Weekly mixing of units lowered haemolysis and microparticle levels and increased potassium content on Day 42 in both additive solutions.ConclusionRegardless of whether units are mixed weekly or are stored non‐mixed, E‐Sol 5 slows the progression of the red cell storage lesion and improves the overall in vitro quality of RBC throughout storage.
Separate modal analysis for tumor detection with a digital image elasto tomography (DIET) breast cancer screening system
Authors: Kashif Amer S. , Lotz Thomas F. , Heeren Adrianus M. W. , Chase James G. 
Published: October 2013

Purpose:It is estimated that every year, 1 × 106 women are diagnosed with breast cancer, and more than 410 000 die annually worldwide. Digital Image Elasto Tomography (DIET) is a new noninvasive breast cancer screening modality that induces mechanical vibrations in the breast and images its surface motion with digital cameras to detect changes in stiffness. This research develops a new automated approach for diagnosing breast cancer using DIET based on a modal analysis model.Methods:The first and second natural frequency of silicone phantom breasts is analyzed. Separate modal analysis is performed for each region of the phantom to estimate the modal parameters using imaged motion data over several input frequencies. Statistical methods are used to assess the likelihood of a frequency shift, which can indicate tumor location. Phantoms with 5, 10, and 20 mm stiff inclusions are tested, as well as a homogeneous (healthy) phantom. Inclusions are located at four locations with different depth.Results:The second natural frequency proves to be a reliable metric with the potential to clearly distinguish lesion like inclusions of different stiffness, as well as providing an approximate location for the tumor like inclusions. The 10 and 20 mm inclusions are always detected regardless of depth. The 5 mm inclusions are only detected near the surface. The homogeneous phantom always yields a negative result, as expected.Conclusions:Detection is based on a statistical likelihood analysis to determine the presence of significantly different frequency response over the phantom, which is a novel approach to this problem. The overall results show promise and justify proof of concept trials with human subjects.
Draft Genome Sequences of Bordetella hinzii and Bordetella trematum
Authors: Shah N. R. , Moksa M. , Novikov A. , Perry M. B. , Hirst M. , Caroff M. , Fernandez R. C. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT

Bordetella hinzii
colonizes the respiratory tracts of poultry but can also infect immunocompromised humans.
Bordetella trematum
, however, only infects humans, causing ear and wound infections. Here, we present the first draft genome sequences of strains
B. hinzii
ATCC 51730 and
B. trematum
CCUG 13902.
Genome of the Root-Associated Plant Growth-Promoting Bacterium Variovorax paradoxus Strain EPS
Authors: Han Jong-In , Spain Jim C. , Leadbetter Jared R. , Ovchinnikova Galina , Goodwin Lynne A. , Han Cliff S. , Woyke Tanja , Davenport Karen W. , Orwin Paul M. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT

Variovorax paradoxus
is a ubiquitous betaproteobacterium involved in plant growth promotion, the degradation of xenobiotics, and quorum-quenching activity. The genome of
V. paradoxus
strain EPS consists of a single circular chromosome of 6,550,056 bp, with a 66.48% G+C content.
Improving the quality of written information available at weekends in a paediatric hospital: the TRANSMIT sheet
Authors: Hawcutt Daniel , Green Julie , Durand Charlotte , Mehta Fulya , Christopherson Matthew , Sinha Ian 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe clinical outcomes at weekends are worse than during the week in a hospital setting. There are many potential factors which influence this. High quality communication between the weekday teams and the on call weekend staff could help improve clinical outcomes at weekends, but there are no validated forms of communication that have been established in a paediatric hospital setting.The casenotes of all medical patients (n=119) were prospectively evaluated across all medical wards in a large paediatric hospital over three weekends, to establish the quality of information available to on call teams. Following introduction of structured documentation, known as a TRANSMIT (including Tasks, Respiratory, Anticipated problems, Nutrition, Sepsis, Medication, Intravenous access, Transfer/discharge) sheet, the audit was repeated (n=111). A qualitative survey of junior doctors using TRANSMIT was carried out after introduction.Prior to the introduction of the structured documentation (TRANSMIT sheet) an accurate problem list was present in 56% (67/119), and an adequate written management plan in 63% (75/119). Following introduction, an improvement in the notes was seen, with accurate problem lists in 82% (91/111) and an adequate plan in 76% (84/111). Improvements in the quantity and quality of information available to weekend on call medical staff were noted.The use of a structured documentation (TRANSMIT sheet) can improve the quality of written information available to on-call teams in a paediatric hospital setting. A retrospective qualitative assessment of junior doctors using TRANSMIT sheets showed an improvement in both the quantity and quality of information available to on call staff at weekends.
ASSESSING THE VARIABILITY OF INJECTATE DISTRIBUTION FOLLOWING CARPAL TUNNEL INJECTION — A CADAVERIC STUDY
Authors: Jariwala A. , Zaliunaite R. , Soames R. , Wigderowitz C. A. 
Published: October 2013

This anatomical study was designed to assess the distribution of a solution (injectate) made up using local anesthetic, steroid and dye into the carpal tunnel using a commonly used injection technique. Dissections were undertaken in 29 embalmed cadaveric wrists. The cadaveric specimens were dissected 24 hours after injection to observe the effect of time on diffusion patterns in both superficial and deep planes.Eighteen of the 29 specimens showed the presence of the injectate in the superficial plane and three preferential patterns of distribution were noted in the deep plane: free in the carpal tunnel, exclusively in the tendon sheath and mixed.This is the first study investigating the delayed diffusion pattern of injectate in the carpal tunnel and illustrates its variability. The findings of variable degree of superficial diffusion and different patterns of intracarpal spread help to offer some explanation regarding the variability of the response following carpal tunnel injection.
The Laurentian Caledonides of Scotland and Ireland
Authors: Chew David M. , Strachan Rob A. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The Caledonides of Britain and Ireland are one of the most intensively studied orogenic belts in the world. This review considers all the tectonic events associated with the development and closure of the Iapetus Ocean. It first summarizes the tectonic evolution of each segment involved in the Scottish–Irish sector of the Caledonides and then reviews the temporal evolution of the Caledonian Orogeny. Three main tectonic phases are recognized in the Scottish–Irish Caledonides: an Early–Middle Ordovician (475–465 Ma) phase termed the Grampian Orogeny; a phase of Silurian (435–425 Ma) tectonism restricted to the Northern Highland Terrane of Scotland termed the Scandian Orogeny; and an Early Devonian (395 Ma) phase termed the Acadian Orogeny. The Grampian Orogeny was caused by the collision of the Laurentian continental margin with an oceanic arc terrane and associated suprasubduction zone ophiolites during the latest Cambrian–Early Ordovician. Following the Grampian arc–continent collision event, there was a subduction polarity reversal. This facilitated continued subduction of Iapetan oceanic lithosphere and an Andean-type continental margin developed on and adjacent to the Laurentian margin in the Middle Ordovician along with a substantial thickness of accretionary prism sediments (the Southern Uplands–Longford Down Terrane). The Iapetus Ocean is believed to have disappeared by the Late Silurian based on the faunal record and a continent–continent collision ensued. The absence of significant regional deformation and metamorphism associated with the Late Silurian collision between Avalonia and the Scottish–Irish margin of Laurentia suggests that the continental collision in this sector of the Caledonian–Appalachian orogen was ‘soft’ or highly oblique. The exception is the Northern Highlands Terrane of Scotland that was believed to have been situated 500–700 km to the north along orogenic strike. This terrane records evidence for significant Silurian regional deformation and metamorphism attributed to the collision of the Laurentian margin of East Greenland with Baltica (the Scandian Orogeny). Current controversies in the Laurentian Caledonides of Scotland and Ireland are discussed at the end of this review.
CLOTBUST-Hands Free
Authors: Barreto Andrew D. , Alexandrov Andrei V. , Shen Loren , Sisson April , Bursaw Andrew W. , Sahota Preeti , Peng Hui , Ardjomand-Hessabi Manouchehr , Pandurengan Renganayaki , Rahbar Mohammad H. , Barlinn Kristian , Indupuru Hari , Gonzales Nicole R. , Savitz Sean I. , Grotta James C. 
Published: October 2013

Background and Purpose—
The Combined Lysis of Thrombus in Brain Ischemia With Transcranial Ultrasound and Systemic T-PA-Hands-Free (CLOTBUST-HF) study is a first-in-human, National Institutes of Health–sponsored, multicenter, open-label, pilot safety trial of tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) plus a novel operator-independent ultrasound device in patients with ischemic stroke caused by proximal intracranial occlusion.

Methods—
All patients received standard-dose intravenous tPA, and shortly after tPA bolus, the CLOTBUST-HF device delivered 2-hour therapeutic exposure to 2-MHz pulsed-wave ultrasound. Primary outcome was occurrence of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage. All patients underwent pretreatment and post-treatment transcranial Doppler ultrasound or CT angiography. National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores were collected at 2 hours and modified Rankin scale at 90 days.

Results—
Summary characteristics of all 20 enrolled patients were 60% men, mean age of 63 (SD=14) years, and median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale of 15. Sites of pretreatment occlusion were as follows: 14 of 20 (70%) middle cerebral artery, 3 of 20 (15%) terminal internal carotid artery, and 3 of 20 (15%) vertebral artery. The median (interquartile range) time to tPA at the beginning of sonothrombolysis was 22 (13.5–29.0) minutes. All patients tolerated the entire 2 hours of insonation, and none developed symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage. No serious adverse events were related to the study device. Rates of 2-hour recanalization were as follows: 8 of 20 (40%; 95% confidence interval, 19%–64%) complete and 2 of 20 (10%; 95% confidence interval, 1%–32%) partial. Middle cerebral artery occlusions demonstrated the greatest complete recanalization rate: 8 of 14 (57%; 95% confidence interval, 29%–82%). At 90 days, 5 of 20 (25%, 95% confidence interval, 7%–49) patients had a modified Rankin scale of 0 to 1.

Conclusions—
Sonothrombolysis using a novel, operator-independent device, in combination with systemic tPA, seems safe, and recanalization rates warrant evaluation in a phase III efficacy trial.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: CLOTBUST-HF NCT01240356.
Cardamine cubita (Brassicaceae), a new species from New Zealand with a remarkable reduction in floral parts
Authors: Heenan Peter Brian , MOLLOY B. P. J. , SMISSEN R. D. 
Published: October 2013

A new species, Cardamine cubita, is named and described from the central South Island, New Zealand. DNA sequence data confirm that C. cubita belongs to a clade comprising C. hirsuta and C. oligosperma. This new species has a unique suite of reduced vegetative and floral characters. Cardamine cubita is known from a single locality, and is assigned a New Zealand conservation status of Nationally Critical.
A Case Study of the Upwind Urbanization Influence on the Urban Heat Island Effects along the Suzhou–Wuxi Corridor
Authors: Zhang Ning , Chen Yan 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe urban heat island (UHI) effect is one of the most significant phenomena caused by urbanization. This study investigated the UHI effect in the Suzhou–Wuxi area, China, on 19–20 August 2010. Using a combination of meteorological station observations and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) surface skin temperature observations, this study demonstrated that an upwind UHI had an exacerbating influence on the downwind UHI during the study period. Numerical simulations using the Weather Research and Forecasting model also proved the importance of an upwind UHI influence on the leeward UHI in this area. For the near-surface UHI, the windward UHI effect is stronger at night than during the daytime because the background atmospheric stratification is more stable and the local lake breeze is weaker at night. However, in the daytime, a greater stability formed over the downwind city because of the warmer air heated by the windward urban area in the upper part of the planetary boundary layer and the cooler air transported from Tai Lake and the rural area in the lower part of the boundary layer. In comparison with the heating effect of a single city, the upwind UHI led to a decrease in the vertical wind speed of approximately 30% (from 0.15 to 0.10 m s−1) in the upper boundary layer over the downwind city and also reduced the near-surface turbulent movement by 25% (from 0.73 to 0.55 m2 s−2). These results improve the understanding of the overall influence of urban clusters on local synoptic/climate processes.
Snow Studies. Part IV: Ensemble Retrieval of Snow Microphysics from Dual-Wavelength Vertically Pointing Radars
Authors: Szyrmer Wanda , Zawadzki Isztar 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Based on the theory developed in Part III, this paper introduces a new method to retrieve snow microphysics from ground-based collocated X- and W-band vertically pointing Doppler radars. To take into account the variety of microphysical relations observed in natural precipitating snow and to quantify the uncertainty in the retrieval results caused by this variety, the retrieval is formulated using the ensemble-based method. The ensemble is determined by the spread of uncertainties in the microphysical descriptions applied to map the same radar observables to the retrieved quantities.
The model descriptors use diverse assumptions concerning functional forms of particle size distribution and mass–velocity relations, all taken from previous observational studies. The mean of each ensemble is assumed to be the best estimate of the retrieval while its spread is defined by the standard deviation that characterizes its uncertainty. The main retrieved products are the characteristic size, the snow mass content, and the density parameter, as well as the vertical air motion. Four observables used in the retrieval are the difference in reflectivities and in Doppler velocities at two wavelengths, together with the equivalent reflectivity factor and Doppler velocity at X band. The solutions that are not consistent with all four observables after taking into account their estimated measurement errors are eliminated from the ensembles. The application of the retrieval algorithm to the real data yields a snow microphysical description that agrees with the snow characteristics seen in the vertical profile of the observed Doppler spectrum.
The Influence of Frequency Shifts in Microwave Sounder Channels on NWP Analyses and Forecasts
Authors: Peubey Carole , Bell William 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The sensitivity of numerical weather prediction (NWP) analysis and forecast accuracies with respect to frequency shifts in microwave passbands is quantified through a series of observing system experiments using the ECMWF Integrated Forecast System. First, a parameterization is developed to describe the form and magnitude of the brightness temperature errors arising from frequency shifts in Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AMSU-A) channels 4–10 and Microwave Humidity Sounder (MHS) channels 3–5. Observing system experiments are then run in which realistic synthetic brightness temperature errors are added to AMSU-A observations for various assumptions about the magnitude of a frequency shift, using the parameterization derived previously. A large negative impact on forecast quality is found when a 20-MHz frequency shift is introduced in experiments using a static bias-correction scheme. Although the degradation in forecast scores is reduced by using a variational bias-correction scheme, it remains around 7%–14% (relative) in RMS 6-h forecast errors for temperature and geopotential. Frequency shifts of 5 MHz or greater give rise to a measurable degradation of the forecast even when the variational correction scheme is used. Only low-frequency shifts (of ~1.5 MHz) are found to have a neutral impact on forecasts. Hence, the value of 1.5 MHz can be regarded as an upper limit below which frequency shifts do not degrade forecasts for the key tropospheric and lower-stratospheric temperature sounding channels in a microwave sounding mission. Calculations show that frequency shift is less problematic for 183-GHz humidity sounding channels due to the symmetric positioning of passbands relative to the 183-GHz absorption line. For these channels a passband center frequency stability of 10 MHz is adequate.