bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circulating CD34+ progenitor cell frequency is associated with clinical and genetic factors
Authors: Cohen Kenneth S. , Cheng Susan , Larson Martin G. , Cupples L. Adrienne , McCabe Elizabeth L. , Wang Ying A. , Ngwa Julius S. , Martin Roderick P. , Klein Rachael J. , Hashmi Basma , Ge Yin , O'Donnell Christopher J. , Vasan Ramachandran S. , Shaw Stanley Y. , Wang Thomas J. 
Published: January 2013

Key Points
CD34+ progenitor cell frequency is reduced in older subjects, and is influenced by environmental factors such as smoking and statin use. CD34+ progenitor cell frequency is highly heritable and associated with common genetic variants at several loci.
Comparison of primary human cytotoxic T-cell and natural killer cell responses reveal similar molecular requirements for lytic granule exocytosis but differences in cytokine production
Authors: Chiang Samuel C. C. , Theorell Jakob , Entesarian Miriam , Meeths Marie , Mastafa Monika , Al-Herz Waleed , Frisk Per , Gilmour Kimberly C. , Ifversen Marianne , Langenskiöld Cecilia , Machaczka Maciej , Naqvi Ahmed , Payne Jeanette , Perez-Martinez Antonio , Sabel Magnus , Unal Ekrem , Unal Sule , Winiarski Jacek , Nordenskjöld Magnus , Ljunggren Hans-Gustaf , Henter Jan-Inge , Bryceson Yenan T. 
Published: January 2013

Key PointsCompared with cytotoxic T cells, NK cells share mechanisms for lytic granule release but more stringently control cytokine production. Analysis of CD57bright cytotoxic T-cell function may prove useful in the diagnosis of primary immunodeficiencies.
The role of chromatin modifiers in normal and malignant hematopoiesis
Authors: Butler Jill S. , Dent Sharon Y. R. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Complex developmental processes such as hematopoiesis require a series of precise and coordinated changes in cellular identity to ensure blood homeostasis. Epigenetic mechanisms help drive changes in gene expression that accompany the transition from hematopoietic stem cells to terminally differentiated blood cells. Genome-wide profiling technologies now provide valuable glimpses of epigenetic changes that occur during normal hematopoiesis, and genetic mouse models developed to investigate the in vivo functions of chromatin-modifying enzymes clearly demonstrate significant roles for these enzymes during embryonic and adult hematopoiesis. Here, we will review the basic science aspects of chromatin modifications and the enzymes that add, remove, and interpret these epigenetic marks. This overview will provide a framework for understanding the roles that these molecules play during normal hematopoiesis. Moreover, many chromatin-modifying enzymes are involved in hematologic malignancies, underscoring the importance of establishing and maintaining appropriate chromatin modification patterns to normal hematology.
Bif-1 haploinsufficiency promotes chromosomal instability and accelerates Myc-driven lymphomagenesis via suppression of mitophagy
Authors: Takahashi Yoshinori , Hori Tsukasa , Cooper Timothy K. , Liao Jason , Desai Neelam , Serfass Jacob M. , Young Megan M. , Park Sungman , Izu Yayoi , Wang Hong-Gang 
Published: January 2013

Key Points
Bif-1 acts as a haploinsufficient tumor suppressor in Myc-induced lymphomagenesis. Bif-1 plays a key role in mitophagy to maintain chromosome stability.
Hypoxia-induced mitogenic factor (HIMF/FIZZ1/RELMα) in chronic hypoxia- and antigen-mediated pulmonary vascular remodeling
Authors: Angelini Daniel J , Su Qingning , Yamaji-Kegan Kazuyo , Fan Chunling , Skinner John T , Poloczek Andre , El-Haddad Hazim , Cheadle Chris , Johns Roger A 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundBoth chronic hypoxia and allergic inflammation induce vascular remodeling in the lung, but only chronic hypoxia appears to cause PH. We investigate the nature of the vascular remodeling and the expression and role of hypoxia-induced mitogenic factor (HIMF/FIZZ1/RELMα) in explaining this differential response.MethodsWe induced pulmonary vascular remodeling through either chronic hypoxia or antigen sensitization and challenge. Mice were evaluated for markers of PH and pulmonary vascular remodeling throughout the lung vascular bed as well as HIMF expression and genomic analysis of whole lung.ResultsChronic hypoxia increased both mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) and right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy; these changes were associated with increased muscularization and thickening of small pulmonary vessels throughout the lung vascular bed. Allergic inflammation, by contrast, had minimal effect on mPAP and produced no RV hypertrophy. Only peribronchial vessels were significantly thickened, and vessels within the lung periphery did not become muscularized. Genomic analysis revealed that HIMF was the most consistently upregulated gene in the lungs following both chronic hypoxia and antigen challenge. HIMF was upregulated in the airway epithelial and inflammatory cells in both models, but only chronic hypoxia induced HIMF upregulation in vascular tissue.ConclusionsThe results show that pulmonary vascular remodeling in mice induced by chronic hypoxia or antigen challenge is associated with marked increases in HIMF expression. The lack of HIMF expression in the vasculature of the lung and no vascular remodeling in the peripheral resistance vessels of the lung is likely to account for the failure to develop PH in the allergic inflammation model.
Astaxanthin protects against MPP+-induced oxidative stress in PC12 cells via the HO-1/NOX2 axis
Authors: Ye Qinyong , Huang Bixia , Zhang Xiaodong , Zhu Yuangui , Chen Xiaochun 
Published: December 2012

Abstract

Background
Although the etiology of PD remains unclear, increasing evidence has shown that oxidative stress plays an important role in its pathogenesis and that of other neurodegenerative disorders. NOX2, a cytochrome subunit of NOX, transports electrons across the plasma membrane to generate ROS, leading to physiological and pathological processes. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) can be rapidly induced by oxidative stress and other noxious stimuli in the brain or other tissues. Astaxanthin (ATX), a carotenoid with antioxidant properties, is 100–1000 times more effective than vitamin E. The present study investigated the neuroprotective effects of ATX on MPP+-induced oxidative stress in PC12 cells.

Results
MPP+ significantly decreased MTT levels in a concentration-dependent manner. Hemin, SnPPIX and ATX didn’t exhibit any cytotoxic effects on PC12 cells. Pretreatment with ATX (5, 10, 20 μM), caused intracellular ROS production in the MPP+ group to decrease by 13.06%, 22.13%, and 27.86%, respectively. MPP+ increased NOX2, NRF2 and HO-1 protein expression compared with control (p < 0.05). Co-treatment with hemin or ATX suppressed NOX2 expression (p < 0.01), and greatly increased NRF2 and HO-1 expression (p < 0.01). MPP+ treatment up-regulated both NOX2 (p < 0.01) and HO-1 (p < 0.01) mRNA levels. Co-treatment with hemin or ATX significantly increased HO-1 mRNA levels (p < 0.01), and decreased NOX2 mRNA levels (p < 0.01). MPP+ increased NOX2 and HO-1 expression with considerable fluorescence extending out from the perinuclear region toward the periphery; this was attenuated by DPI. Co-treatment with hemin or ATX significantly up-regulated HO-1 expression and decreased NOX2 expression with considerable fluorescence intensity (stronger than the control and MPP+ groups).

Conclusions
ATX suppresses MPP+-induced oxidative stress in PC12 cells via the HO-1/NOX2 axis. ATX should be strongly considered as a potential neuroprotectant and adjuvant therapy for patients with Parkinson’s disease.
Inter- and intra-observer reliability of clinical movement-control tests for marines
Authors: Monnier Andreas , Heuer Joachim , Norman Kjell , Äng Björn O 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBackgroundMusculoskeletal disorders particularly in the back and lower extremities are common among marines. Here, movement-control tests are considered clinically useful for screening and follow-up evaluation. However, few studies have addressed the reliability of clinical tests, and no such published data exists for marines. The present aim was therefore to determine the inter- and intra-observer reliability of clinically convenient tests emphasizing movement control of the back and hip among marines. A secondary aim was to investigate the sensitivity and specificity of these clinical tests for discriminating musculoskeletal pain disorders in this group of military personnel.MethodsThis inter- and intra-observer reliability study used a test-retest approach with six standardized clinical tests focusing on movement control for back and hip. Thirty-three marines (age 28.7 yrs, SD 5.9) on active duty volunteered and were recruited. They followed anin-vivoobservation test procedure that covered both low- and high-load (threshold) tasks relevant for marines on operational duty. Two independent observers simultaneously rated performance as “correct” or “incorrect” following a standardized assessment protocol. Re-testing followed 7–10 days thereafter. Reliability was analysed using kappa (κ) coefficients, while discriminative power of the best-fitting tests for back- and lower-extremity pain was assessed using a multiple-variable regression model.ResultsInter-observer reliability for the six tests was moderate to almost perfect with κ-coefficients ranging between 0.56-0.95. Three tests reached almost perfect inter-observer reliability with mean κ-coefficients > 0.81. However, intra-observer reliability was fair-to-moderate with mean κ-coefficients between 0.22-0.58. Three tests achieved moderate intra-observer reliability with κ-coefficients > 0.41. Combinations of one low- and one high-threshold test best discriminated prior back pain, but results were inconsistent for lower-extremity pain.ConclusionsOur results suggest that clinical tests of movement control of back and hip are reliable for use in screening protocols using several observers with marines. However, test-retest reproducibility was less accurate, which should be considered in follow-up evaluations. The results also indicate that combinations of low- and high-threshold tests have discriminative validity for prior back pain, but were inconclusive for lower-extremity pain.
Impact of unlinked deaths and coding changes on mortality trends in the Swiss National Cohort
Authors: Schmidlin Kurt , Clough-Gorr Kerri M , Spoerri Adrian , Egger Matthias , Zwahlen Marcel ,   for the Swiss National Cohort
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Background
Results of epidemiological studies linking census with mortality records may be affected by unlinked deaths and changes in cause of death classification. We examined these issues in the Swiss National Cohort (SNC).

Methods
The SNC is a longitudinal study of the entire Swiss population, based on the 1990 (6.8 million persons) and 2000 (7.3 million persons) censuses. Among 1,053,393 deaths recorded 1991–2007 5.4% could not be linked using stringent probabilistic linkage. We included the unlinked deaths using pragmatic linkages and compared mortality rates for selected causes with official mortality rates. We also examined the impact of the 1995 change in cause of death coding from version 8 (with some additional rules) to version 10 of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), using Poisson regression models with restricted cubic splines. Finally, we compared results from Cox models including and excluding unlinked deaths of the association of education, marital status, and nationality with selected causes of death.

Results
SNC mortality rates underestimated all cause mortality by 9.6% (range 2.4% - 17.9%) in the 85+ population. Underestimation was less pronounced in years nearer the censuses and in the 75–84 age group. After including 99.7% of unlinked deaths, annual all cause SNC mortality rates were reflecting official rates (relative difference between −1.4% and +1.8%). In the 85+ population the rates for prostate and breast cancer dropped, by 16% and 21% respectively, between 1994 and 1995 coincident with the change in cause of death coding policy. For suicide in males almost no change was observed. Hazard ratios were only negligibly affected by including the unlinked deaths. A sudden decrease in breast (21% less, 95% confidence interval: 12% - 28%) and prostate (16% less, 95% confidence interval: 7% - 23%) cancer mortality rates in the 85+ population coincided with the 1995 change in cause of death coding policy.

Conclusions
Unlinked deaths bias analyses of absolute mortality rates downwards but have little effect on relative mortality. To describe time trends of cause-specific mortality in the SNC, accounting for the unlinked deaths and for the possible effect of change in death certificate coding was necessary.
Detection of a common chimeric transcript between human chromosomes 7 and 16
Authors: Fang Wenwen , Wei Yong , Kang Yibin , Landweber Laura F 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Interchromosomal chimeric RNA molecules are often transcription products from genomic rearrangement in cancerous cells. Here we report the computational detection of an interchromosomal RNA fusion between ZC3HAV1L and CHMP1A from RNA-seq data of normal human mammary epithelial cells, and experimental confirmation of the chimeric transcript in multiple human cells and tissues. Our experimental characterization also detected three variants of the ZC3HAV1L-CHMP1A chimeric RNA, suggesting that these genes are involved in complex splicing. The fusion sequence at the novel exon-exon boundary, and the absence of corresponding DNA rearrangement suggest that this chimeric RNA is likely produced by trans-splicing in human cells.

Reviewers

This article was reviewed by Rory Johnson (nominated by Fyodor Kondrashov); Gal Avital and Itai Yanai
Automated compound classification using a chemical ontology
Authors: Bobach Claudia , Böhme Timo , Laube Ulf , Püschel Anett , Weber Lutz 
Published: December 2012

Abstract

Background
Classification of chemical compounds into compound classes by using structure derived descriptors is a well-established method to aid the evaluation and abstraction of compound properties in chemical compound databases. MeSH and recently ChEBI are examples of chemical ontologies that provide a hierarchical classification of compounds into general compound classes of biological interest based on their structural as well as property or use features. In these ontologies, compounds have been assigned manually to their respective classes. However, with the ever increasing possibilities to extract new compounds from text documents using name-to-structure tools and considering the large number of compounds deposited in databases, automated and comprehensive chemical classification methods are needed to avoid the error prone and time consuming manual classification of compounds.

Results
In the present work we implement principles and methods to construct a chemical ontology of classes that shall support the automated, high-quality compound classification in chemical databases or text documents. While SMARTS expressions have already been used to define chemical structure class concepts, in the present work we have extended the expressive power of such class definitions by expanding their structure-based reasoning logic. Thus, to achieve the required precision and granularity of chemical class definitions, sets of SMARTS class definitions are connected by OR and NOT logical operators. In addition, AND logic has been implemented to allow the concomitant use of flexible atom lists and stereochemistry definitions. The resulting chemical ontology is a multi-hierarchical taxonomy of concept nodes connected by directed, transitive relationships.

Conclusions
A proposal for a rule based definition of chemical classes has been made that allows to define chemical compound classes more precisely than before. The proposed structure-based reasoning logic allows to translate chemistry expert knowledge into a computer interpretable form, preventing erroneous compound assignments and allowing automatic compound classification. The automated assignment of compounds in databases, compound structure files or text documents to their related ontology classes is possible through the integration with a chemical structure search engine. As an application example, the annotation of chemical structure files with a prototypic ontology is demonstrated.
X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy of an Unusual Plastocyanin from a Fern, Dryopteris crassirhizoma
Authors: Togashi Hiromi , Yano Junko , Yachandra Vittal K , Kohzuma Takamitsu 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) of a plastocyanin from a fern, Dryopteris crassirhizoma (DPc) was studied. The XAS of reduced CuIDPc demonstrated the retention of the four coordinated structure at pH 5.0. The EXAFS analyses of the reduced DPc demonstrated that the Cu-axial SMet95 ligand distance is much shorter than that in the oxidized form. This is the first report for the XAS and EXAFS of an unusual fern plastocyanin.
A cross-sectional study of aggression levels in physicians and orthopaedic surgeons: impact on specialty selection and training?
Authors: Barlow T , Wight A , Barlow D 
Published: January 2013

Objectives To determine if current validated psychometric evaluations could determine a difference in basic behavioural characteristics between surgical and medical specialties. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Two district general hospitals and one University teaching hospital in England, UK. Participants Internal medicine (16) and trauma and orthopaedic (20) consultants. Main outcome measures Aggression levels as assessed by the Buss and Warren questionnaire. The self-administered questionnaire assesses aggression in terms of physical, verbal, anger, hostility, indirect hostility and an overall assessment of aggression. Results All participants had aggression scores below the population average. We found a significant difference ( P < 0.01) in total level of aggression, with orthopaedic consultants scoring a mean of 61.1 (standard deviation [SD] 9.2) and physicians 51.3 (SD 9.5). When analysis of the five different subtypes of aggression was carried out, orthopaedic surgeons scored significantly higher in terms of verbal aggression ( P = 0.005), hostility ( P = 0.002) and indirect hostility ( P = 0.03). Conclusion This study joins a growing evidence base for aspects of behaviour indicative of a given specialty. Aggression is a relatively stable behavioural characteristic from adolescence, and as such this is the first study of its type to suggest that the differences in behavioural characteristics seen between specialties are inherent, rather than learned. It is unclear if the differences observed represent an attraction of that specialty to the personality type or is required for success within the given specialty. Whether this can be used in terms of selection into higher specialty training, or influence training within specialties, requires further work.
The Role of Civil Society in Cambodia's Peace-building Process
Authors: Dosch Jörn 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
The aid dependence of Cambodian NGOs has resulted in a predominantly donor-driven peace-building process. Notwithstanding some crucial reconciliation initiatives that predate donor involvement and are rooted in local—often Buddhist—traditions, recent key initiatives in the area of transitional justice would not have happened without significant international funding and support.
Prevalence of white spot lesion formation during orthodontic treatment
Authors: Julien Katie C. , Buschang Peter H. , Campbell Phillip M. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT

Purpose:
To quantify the prevalence of white spot lesions (WSLs) on the anterior teeth and, secondarily, to evaluate risk factors and predictors.

Materials and Methods:
Digital photographs and records of 885 randomly chosen patients were evaluated before and after treatment. Chart information included gender, age, as well as banding and debanding dates. Fluorosis and oral hygiene before and after treatment were also evaluated. Preexisting and posttreatment WSLs were recorded and compared for all 12 anterior teeth. Risk ratios (RR) and absolute risk (AR) were calculated to determine the likelihood and risk of WSL formation.

Results:
Overall, 23.4% of the patients developed at least one WSL during their course of treatment. Maxillary anterior teeth were affected more than mandibular teeth. The maxillary laterals and canines and the mandibular canines were the most susceptible. There was no significant difference in WSLs between genders. Fluorosis, treatment time in excess of 36 months, poor pretreatment hygiene, hygiene changes during treatment, and preexisting WSLs were all significantly (P &lt; .05) related to the development of WSLs. The highest risk of developing WSLs was associated with preexisting WSLs (RR = 3.40), followed by declines in oral hygiene during treatment (RR = 3.12) and poor pretreatment oral hygiene (RR = 2.83).

Conclusions:
Nearly 25% of the patients developed WSLs while in treatment, depending on fluorosis, treatment time, preexisting WSLs, and oral hygiene. Orthodontists need to be mindful of these risk factors when making treatment decisions.
Relationship Between Markers of Insulin Resistance, Markers of Adiposity, HbA1c, and Cognitive Functions in a Middle-Aged Population–Based Sample: the MONA LISA Study
Authors: Sanz Caroline M. , Ruidavets Jean-Bernard , Bongard Vanina , Marquié Jean-Claude , Hanaire Hélène , Ferrières Jean , Andrieu Sandrine 
Published: December 2012

OBJECTIVETo determine the relationship between markers of insulin resistance (fasting insulin and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance), markers of adiposity (BMI, waist circumference, and body fat), HbA1c, and cognitive performances in a middle-aged population–based sample free of diabetes.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSOur study sample consisted of 1,172 people aged 35–64 years (49% women), free of diabetes, and recruited between 2005 and 2007 in the MONA LISA survey. Cognitive functions (memory, attention, and processing speed) were evaluated by neuropsychological tests: word-list learning test, digit symbol substitution test (DSST), word fluency test, and Stroop Test. Multiple logistic regressions were used to estimate the relationship between cognitive performance and metabolic markers. We serially adjusted for age, sex, education, and occupational status (model A), additionally for income, smoking, alcohol consumption, sedentarity, and psychotropic substance use (model B), and finally, included variables linked to the metabolic syndrome (hypertension, dyslipidemia, vascular disease, and C-reactive protein) and depression (model C).RESULTSElevated markers of adiposity were associated with poor cognitive performance in tests evaluating processing speed. The probability of being in the lowest quartile of each test was nearly doubled for participants in the upper quartile of BMI, compared with those in the lowest one [BMI, adjusted odds ratio (OR) 2.18, P = 0.003 (DSST), and OR 2.09, P = 0.005 (Stroop Test)]. High HbA1c was associated with poor cognitive performance in DSST (adjusted OR 1.75, P = 0.037). Waist circumference was linked to poor cognitive performance in men but not in women.CONCLUSIONSPoor cognitive performance is associated with adiposity and hyperglycemia in healthy middle-aged people.