bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of taste receptors and proteomic characterization of the antenna and legs of Tribolium brevicornis, a stored food product pest
Authors: Alabi T. , Marion‐Poll F. , Danho M. , Mazzucchelli G. D. , De Pauw E. , Haubruge E. , Francis F. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractChemoreception plays an important role in mediating a diverse range of behaviours, including predation and food selection. In the present study, we combined anatomical observations, electrophysiology and proteomics to investigate sensilla that mediate chemoreception on the antenna and the legs of Tribolium. Scanning electron microscopy was used to differentiate the coxal and trochanteral segments of the pro‐, meso‐ and metathoracic legs by the presence of sensilla trichoidea and chaetica, while the antennae were covered with five types of sensilla (chaetica, basiconica, trichoidea, squamiformia and coeloconica). Antenna morphology and ultrastructure were similar in both sexes. Electrophysiological recordings allowed us to characterize a row of small sensilla basiconica on the terminal segment of the antenna as taste receptors, responding to sucrose and NaCl. Proteomics investigations of antennae and legs yielded several proteins with specific interest for those involved in chemoreception. Odorant‐binding proteins were antenna‐specific, while chemosensory proteins were detected in both tissues.
Staphylococcus aureusconvert neonatal conventionalCD4+Tcells intoFOXP3+ CD25+ CD127lowTcells via thePD‐1/PD‐L1 axis
Authors: Rabe Hardis , Nordström Inger , Andersson Kerstin , Lundell Anna‐Carin , Rudin Anna 
Published: November 2013

SummaryThe gut microbiota provides an important stimulus for the induction of regulatoryT(Treg) cells in mice, whether this applies to newborn children is unknown. InSwedish children,Staphylococcus aureushas become a common early colonizer of the gut. Here, we sought to study the effects of bacterial stimulation on neonatalCD4+Tcells for the induction ofCD25+ CD127lowTreg cellsin vitro. The proportion of circulatingCD25+ CD127lowTreg cells and their expression ofFOXP3,Helios andCTLA‐4 was examined in newborns and adults. To evaluate if commensal gut bacteria could induceTreg cells,CellTrace violet‐stained non‐Treg cells from cord or peripheral blood from adults were co‐cultured with autologousCD25+ CD127lowTreg cells and remaining mononuclear cells and stimulated withS. aureus. Newborns had a significantly lower proportion ofCD25+ CD127lowTreg cells than adults, but these cells wereHelios+andCTLA‐4+to a higher extent than in adults.FOXP3+ CD25+ CD127lowTcells were induced mainly in neonatalCellTrace‐stained non‐Treg cells after stimulation withS. aureus. In cell cultures from adults,S. aureusinducedCD25+ CD127lowTcells only if sorted naiveCD45RA+non‐Treg cells were used, but these cells expressed lessFOXP3 than those induced from newborns. Sorted neonatalCD25+ CD127lowTcells fromS. aureus‐stimulated cultures were still suppressive. Finally, blockingPD‐L1 during stimulation reduced the induction ofFOXP3+ CD25+ CD127lowTcells. These results suggest that newborns have a higher proportion of circulating thymically derivedHelios+Treg cells than adults and thatS. aureuspossess an ability to convert neonatal conventionalCD4+Tcells intoFOXP3+ CD25+CD127lowTreg cells via thePD‐1/PD‐L1 axis.
Cryptic yet colorful: anatomy and relationships of a new genus of Cerithiidae (Caenogastropoda, Cerithioidea) from coral reef drop‐offs
Authors: Strong Ellen E. , Bouchet Philippe 
Published: November 2013

AbstractCerithium koperbergi is a rare gastropod of the family Cerithiidae from the tropical Indo‐West Pacific. The species has a small, unusual shell and often inhabits deeper water, fore‐reef habitats that are atypical for the genus. Anatomical investigations reveal that it possesses a combination of features heretofore considered diagnostic of two main cerithiid subfamilies: Cerithiinae and Bittiinae. While the shell is bittiine, the animal lacks mesopodial pedal glands and possesses a seminal receptacle (vs. a spermatophore bursa) in the lateral lamina of the oviduct, which are considered to be cerithiine features. Re‐evaluation of the anatomy of Bittium reticulatum, the type species of Bittium, indicates the defining anatomical difference in oviduct anatomy between the two subfamilies does not stand up to closer scrutiny. Partial mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) sequences support the interpretation that C. koperbergi is a species complex around the western Pacific rim comprising three divergent mitochondrial lineages. Bayesian analysis of partial mitochondrial COI and 16S rRNA sequences confirm the placement of the C. koperbergi complex within a monophyletic Bittiinae, despite the apparent absence of a unifying anatomical feature. Species in the C. koperbergi complex are here united in Pictorium nov. gen. and two species are described as new. It is hypothesized that features of the midgut may be diagnostic of the Bittiinae, but more comparative data are needed.
Locomotion and contraction in an asconoid calcareous sponge
Authors: Bond Calhoun 
Published: November 2013

AbstractVarious large‐scale behaviors (e.g., locomotion, shape changes, contractions) have been documented numerous times in intact sponges of the class Demospongiae. However, little is known about such motile events in calcareous sponges (Class Calcarea). Here, we report on whole‐sponge behaviors of the calcareous asconoid sponge Leucosolenia botryoides, as revealed by time‐lapse videos. These behaviors included locomotion and contraction. Locomotion in these sponges appeared as an outward movement (25–130 μm h−1) of the asconoid tubes away from the sponge's center; such translocations were always accompanied by extensive movements of protruding spicules, which appear to act as anchoring hooks for the sponge's translocations. This is the first report of whole‐sponge locomotion in the Calcarea. Contractile waves also were propagated in these sponges at speeds of 50–150 μm h−1, and they involved systemic contraction, then re‐extension of the asconoid tubes. The observations suggest that, like the more complex demosponges, these simple calcareous sponges are capable of adaptive whole‐animal behaviors (changes in flow, shape, and location), which occur in response to environmental stimuli such as crawling intruders.
Climate change shifts environmental space and limits transferability of treeline models
Authors: Schibalski Anett , Lehtonen Aleksi , Schröder Boris 
Published: November 2013

Our study aims at gaining insights into the processes determining the current treeline dynamics in Finnish Lapland. Using forest surveys conducted in 1978 and 2003 we modelled the occurrence and abundance of three dominant tree species in Finnish Lapland, i.e. Pinus sylvestris, Picea abies and Betula pubescens, with boosted regression trees. We assessed the importance of climatic, biotic and topographic variables in predicting tree occurrence and abundance based on their relative importance and response curves. We compared temporal and spatial transferability by using an extended transferability index.Site fertility, the abundance of co‐occurring species and growing degree days were generally the most important predictors for both occurrence and abundance across all species and datasets. Climatic predictors were more important for modelling occurrences than for modelling abundances. Occurrence models were able to reproduce the observed treeline pattern within one time period or region. Abundance models underestimated basal area but captured the general pattern of low and high values. Model performance as well as transferability differed considerably between species and datasets. Pinus sylvestris was modelled more successfully than P. abies and B. pubescens. Generally, spatial transferability was greater than temporal transferability. Comparing the environmental space between datasets revealed that transferring models means extrapolating to novel environments, providing a plausible explanation for limited transferability.Our study illustrates how climate change can shift the environmental space and lead to limited model transferability. We identified non‐climatic factors to be important in predicting the distribution of dominant tree species, contesting the widespread assumption of climatically induced range expansion.
Number of teeth, C‐reactive protein, fibrinogen and cardiovascular mortality: a 15‐year follow‐up study in a Finnish cohort
Authors: Janket Sok‐Ja , Baird Alison E. , Jones Judith A. , Jackson Elizabeth A. , Surakka Markku , Tao Wen , Meurman Jukka H. , Van Dyke Thomas E. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAimTo test whether the number of teeth, an inverse proxy for composite oral infection scores is associated with better survival.Materials and MethodsThe Kuopio Oral Health and Heart study initiated a case–control study in 1995–1996 consisting of 256 consecutive coronary artery disease patients and 250 age and gender‐matched controls. We appended the mortality data and formulated a longitudinal study. By May 31st, 2011, 124 mortalities had occurred and 80 of which were of cardiovascular origin. Using Cox proportional hazards models, we assessed the association of the teeth group (Teethgrp) – consisting of 10 teeth – with cardiovascular and all‐cause mortality after 15.8 years of median follow‐up.ResultsIn multivariate models, with the edentulous state as reference, one level increase in Teethgrp was associated with significantly increased survival from cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality with a Hazard Ratio (HR) 0.73, p‐value = 0.02 but not with all‐cause mortality (HR = 0.87, p = 0.13). The findings were not mediated by C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels ≥3 mg/L or by median fibrinogen levels, but were mediated by CRP levels >5 mg/L.ConclusionEach increment of 10 teeth from the edentulous state was associated with a 27% improved CVD survival, independent of low‐grade systemic inflammation.
Identification of Races and Mating Types of Cochliobolus carbonum from Corn in the Yunnan Province in China
Authors: Lu Canhua , Wu Yixin , Ho Honhing , Mao Zichao , He Yueqiu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractNorthern corn leaf spot, a foliar disease caused by Cochliobolus carbonum, has become prevalent in southwestern China, especially in the Yunnan Province. Races and mating types were identified for 169 isolates collected from 13 prefectures of Yunnan by artificial inoculation using six hybrid corns as differential hosts and by crossing with three standard mating strains: CC092 (MAT1‐2), CC120 (MAT1‐1) and CC026 (MAT1‐1). Results showed the existence of three races: CCR1 (one isolate), CCR2 (43 isolates) and CCR3 (125 isolates). Most isolates were moderately or weakly virulent with only five being highly virulent. CCR3 was widely distributed and significantly more virulent than CCR2 that coexisted with CCR3 in many locations. On Sach's nutrient agar, 20.71% of the Yunnan isolates self‐mated, forming sterile perithecia. Fully developed perithecia could be formed between isolates of different geographic origins, but only 15.98% strains mated successfully with CC092 and 5.33% formed mature perithecia with 4–6 ascospores per asus. Similar results were obtained in crossing with CC026 or CC120. Mating could also occur between CCR3 and CCR2. Both mating types were found in Yunnan with 84 MAT1‐1 strains (one CCR1, 10 CCR2 and 73 CCR3) and 85 MAT1‐2 strains (33 CCR2 and 52 CCR3) and they coexisted in most areas. To identify the mating type rapidly, three specific primers were successfully developed and employed to amplify the mating‐type genes, with stable patterns of 1627 and 876 bp fragments obtained from MAT1‐1 and MAT1‐2 isolates, respectively. The ratio between MAT1‐1 and MAT1‐2 was 1 : 1, indicating that the mating‐type genes segregated randomly in the field naturally.
Morphometry of the Pelvic Floor Muscles in Women With and Without Provoked Vestibulodynia Using 4D Ultrasound
Authors: Morin Mélanie , Bergeron Sophie , Khalifé Samir , Mayrand Marie-Hélène , Binik Yitzchak M. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

Introduction
It has been suggested that pelvic floor muscles (PFMs) play an important role in provoked vestibulodynia (PVD) pathophysiology. Controversy in determining their exact contribution may be explained by methodological limitations related to the PFM assessment tools, specifically the pain elicited by the measurement itself, which may trigger a PFM reaction and introduce a strong bias.

Aim
The aim of this study was to compare PFM morphometry in women suffering from PVD to asymptomatic healthy control women using a pain-free methodology, transperineal four-dimensional (4D) ultrasound.

Methods
Fifty-one asymptomatic women and 49 women suffering from PVD were recruited. Diagnosis of PVD was confirmed by a gynecologist following a standardized examination. All the participants were nulliparous and had no other urogynecological conditions. The women were evaluated in a supine position at rest and during PFM maximal contraction.

Main Outcome Measures
Transperineal 4D ultrasound, which consists of a probe applied on the surface of the perineum without any vaginal insertion, was used to assess PFM morphometry. Different parameters were assessed in sagittal and axial planes: anorectal angle, levator plate angle, displacement of the bladder neck, and levator hiatus area. The investigator analyzing the data was blinded to the clinical data.

Results
Women with PVD showed a significantly smaller levator hiatus area, a smaller anorectal angle, and a larger levator plate angle at rest compared with asymptomatic women, suggesting an increase in PFM tone. During PFM maximal contraction, smaller changes in levator hiatus area narrowing, displacement of the bladder neck, and changes of the anorectal and of the levator plate angles were found in women with PVD compared with controls, which may indicate poorer PFM strength and control.

Conclusion
Using a reliable and pain-free methodology, this research provides sound evidence that women with PVD display differences in PFM morphometry suggesting increased tone and reduced strength.
A Causality Analysis of Economic Growth and Union Density inEuropean Countries
Authors: Jaoul‐Grammare Magali , Terraz Isabelle 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn this paper, we analyse the relationship between union density and economic growth using aGranger causality analysis and shocks analysis with vector autoregression model. We find that theGranger causality goes from the growth rate to the unionization rate in four of the 11European countries under study.France bucks the trend: it is the only country in which union density influences economic growth, moreover in a positive way.
Control of experimental Triatoma infestans populations: effect of pour‐on cypermethrin applied to chickens under natural conditions in the Argentinean Chaco region
Authors: AMELOTTI I. , CATALÁ S. S. , GORLA D. E. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAmong peridomestic structures, chicken coops are sites of major importance for the domestic ecology of Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). The aim of this study was to evaluate in an experimental context the effects of a cypermethrin pour‐on formulation applied to chickens on blood intake, moulting and mortality in T. infestans, under the natural climatic conditions of a region endemic for Chagas' disease. Experimental chicken huts were made of bricks and covered with plastic mosquito nets. Ninety fourth‐instar nymphs were maintained in each hut. The study used a completely random design in which chickens in the experimental group were treated with a cypermethrin pour‐on formulation. Five replicates (= huts) of the experimental and control groups were conducted. The number of live T. infestans, blood intake and moults to fifth‐instar stage were recorded at 1, 5, 20, 35 and 45 days after the application of cypermethrin. Cumulative mortality was higher in nymphs exposed to treated chickens (> 71%) than in control nymphs (< 50%) (P < 0.01). Blood intake and moulting rate were lower in nymphs fed on treated chickens than in control nymphs (P < 0.05). Pour‐on cypermethrin was able to cause significant mortality, although it did not eliminate the experimental population of T. infestans.
Effect of Short‐Term Scrotal Hyperthermia on Spermatological Parameters, Testicular Blood Flow and Gonadal Tissue in Dogs
Authors: Henning H , Masal C , Herr A , Wolf K , Urhausen C , Beineke A , Beyerbach M , Kramer S , Günzel‐Apel A‐R 
Published: November 2013

ContentsThe objective was to assess the effect of a short‐term scrotal hyperthermia in dogs on quantitative and qualitative ejaculate parameters, testicular blood flow and testicular and epididymal histology. After a control period, the scrotum of seven normospermic adult beagle dogs was insulated with a self‐made suspensory for 48 h. Nine weeks later, two animals were castrated, while in five animals, scrotal hyperthermia was repeated. Dogs were castrated either 10 or 40 days thereafter. In each phase of scrotal insulation, average scrotal surface temperature increased by 3.0°C. Semen was collected twice weekly throughout the experiment. Total sperm count did not change after the first hyperthermia, but it slightly decreased after the second (p < 0.05). Profiles of sperm morphology and velocity parameters (CASA) rather indicated subtle physiological variations in sperm quality than effects of a local heat stress. Chromatin stability of ejaculated spermatozoa as indicated by SCSA remained constant throughout the experiment. Perfusion characteristics of the gonads, that is, systolic peak velocity, pulsatility and resistance index at the marginal location of the testicular artery, did not change due to hyperthermia (p > 0.05). Histological examination of excised testes and epididymides for apoptotic (TUNEL and activated caspase‐3) and proliferating cells (Ki‐67 antigen) indicated only marginal effects of scrotal insulation on tissue morphology. In conclusion, a mild short‐term scrotal hyperthermia in dogs does not cause substantial changes in sperm quantity and quality. In contrast to other species, canine testes and epididymides may have a higher competence to compensate such thermal stress.
Enrichment of Y‐Chromosome‐Bearing Bull Spermatozoa by Swim‐up Through a Column
Authors: Azizeddin A , Ashkar FA , King WA , Revay T 
Published: November 2013

ContentsWith the advancement of assisted reproductive biotechnologies, preselecting the sex of offspring has become an important goal for cattle and other livestock breeding as well as for research. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of producing enriched pools of X‐ or Y‐chromosome‐bearing sperm by vertical swim‐up through a long, narrow column. Sperm recovered from the top portion of the column was predominantly Y‐bearing (60%, p < 0.05), which were capable of fertilizing matured oocytes and produce significantly more male embryos compared with standard swim‐up protocol.
Inflation Targeting in ASEAN‐10
Authors: Poon Wai Ching , Lee Yong Shen 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe paper addresses the empirical question of whether economies that do not systematically target inflation (non‐inflation targeters) experience higher exchange rate volatility as compared with inflation targeters in 10 countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nation (ASEAN) from 1990 to 2010. The paper examines the role of real exchange rate, exchange rate volatility and the reaction functions of central banks using dynamic panel estimation techniques. The results indicate that the output gap offers more useful information than the inflation gap in setting interest rates for inflation targeters, implying that the real term is more important than the nominal term. In turn, this suggests that an increase in interest rate can be wielded swiftly to reduce real gross domestic product and suppress inflation. The real exchange rate appears as a weaker determinant in setting interest rates for non‐inflation targeters. Inflation targeters experienced lower exchange rate volatility compared with non‐targeters in the ASEAN, which implies that implementation costs to their domestic economies may be marginally lower. Meanwhile, the non‐targeters follow a mixed strategy as both the inflation and real exchange rate are used as instruments to set the interest rates.
Evaluation of rebound tonometry in red‐eared slider turtles (Trachemys scripta elegans)
Authors: Delgado Cherlene , Mans Christoph , McLellan Gillian J. , Bentley Ellison , Sladky Kurt K. , Miller Paul E. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate feasibility and accuracy of intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement by rebound tonometry in adult red‐eared slider turtles and determine the effects of manual and chemical restraint onIOP.Animal studiedSeventeen adult red‐eared slider turtles.ProceduresIntraocular pressure was measured with TonoLab®and TonoVet®tonometers in conscious, unrestrained turtles. To evaluate the effects of manual restraint, turtles were restrained by digital pressure on the rostral head or proximal neck. The effect of two chemical restraint protocols (dexmedetomidine, ketamine, midazolam [DKM] and dexmedetomidine, ketamine [DK] subcutaneously) onIOPwas evaluated. Triplicate TonoLab®and TonoVet®readings were compared with direct manometry in threeex vivoturtle eyes.ResultsTonoLab®correlated better with manometry atIOPs < 45 mmHg than TonoVet®(linear regression slopes of 0.89 and 0.30, respectively). Mean (±SD)IOPin unrestrained conscious turtles was significantly lower (P < 0.01) with TonoLab®(10.02 ± 0.66 mmHg) than with TonoVet®(11.32 ± 1.57 mmHg). Manual neck restraint caused a significant increase inIOP(+6.31 ± 5.59 mmHg), while manual rostral head restraint did not. Both chemical restraint protocols significantly reducedIOP(DKM: −1.0 ± 0.76 mmHg;DK: −1.79 ± 1.17) compared with measurements in conscious unrestrained turtles.ConclusionsChemical and manual neck restraint affectedIOP. Rostral head restraint had no significant effect onIOPand is, therefore, recommended as the appropriate restraint technique in red‐eared slider turtles. TonoLab®measurements estimated actualIOPmore accurately, within physiologic range, than measurements obtained using the TonoVet®.