bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mobilité des enfants et des jeunes sous conditions d’immobilité ?
Authors: Depeau Sandrine 
Published: November 2015

<p class="resume">La question de la mobilité des enfants est discutée ici sous l’angle de la dialectique « mobilité – immobilité » posée par ces journées d’étude. Un tel point de vue invite à considérer autrement la place, le rôle, les fonctions et les valeurs de la mobilité dans la société d’aujourd’hui. En effet, interroger les déplacements au regard de l’immobilité oblige à poser d’emblée la diversité des acceptions terminologiques et le sens des mobilités. Dans quel registre nous situons-nous ? Celui du spatial, celui du social, celui de l’activité, celui des valeurs, celui des désirs ou des représentations, etc. ? Que peut révéler l’entrée par l’immobilité sur le processus de mobilité des enfants ? </p>
Mobilité et immobilité dans le cadre du placement des adolescents, des usages de l’espace en tension
Authors: Guy Fleur 
Published: November 2015

<p class="resume">L’hébergement et la prise en charge d’un enfant ou d’un adolescent hors de son domicile familial, dans le cadre d’une mesure de placement, implique avant tout un déplacement dans l’espace. L’étude des modalités et effets de ce déplacement (à moyen et long termes) a donné lieu à plusieurs travaux sur les parcours de placement et les itinéraires des individus au sein du dispositif de prise en charge. Les « parcours de placement » analysés par Émilie Potin montrent ainsi la diversité des configurations possibles. La distinction entre « enfants placés », « enfants déplacés » et « enfants replacés », témoigne de parcours résidentiels où la prise en charge en famille d’accueil peut alterner avec des retours au domicile familial (Potin, 2009).</p>
Les statistiques des migrations africaines : ni exode, ni invasion
Authors: Beauchemin Cris , Lessault David 
Published: November 2015

<p class="resume">Les migrations africaines d’origine subsaharienne occupent aujourd’hui une place dominante dans les discours politiques et médiatiques portant sur l’immigration. En 2005, les images de migrants prenant d’assaut la « forteresse Europe » – l’expression, surtout utilisée dans la presse ou les documents qui émanent d’ONG, désigne l’Europe de Shengen en faisant explicitement référence à sa politique de contrôle des frontières – en tentant de traverser les barrières qui séparent le Maroc des deux enclaves espagnoles de Ceuta et Melilla ont frappé les esprits. Et depuis, les mesures politiques, policières et diplomatiques se sont succédées en France et en Europe pour cibler les priorités d’action sur l’Afrique et la Méditerranée : la mise en place en 2005 de l’Agence Frontex (Agence européenne pour la gestion de la coopération opérationnelle aux frontières extérieures des États membres de l’Union européenne) symbolise bien la volonté de protection des frontières extérieures de l’Union européenne (UE) de ce que certains qualifient d’une véritable « invasion africaine » (de Haas, 2008).</p>
L’articulation des temporalités dans une décision négociée : la construction d’une aire protégée
Authors: Tilbeurgh Véronique Van 
Published: November 2015

Les recherches sur les dispositifs environnementaux ont montré la place importante prise par la négociation dans l’élaboration des prescriptions environnementales. Ces négociations confrontent des acteurs sociaux porteurs de différentes façons de connaître l’environnement qui renvoient à des rapports aux temps dissemblables. L’objectif de l’article est de questionner la façon dont ces rapports aux temps s’articulent dans les négociations. Fondée sur les « régimes d’historicité » définis par F. Hartog (2003), l’analyse montre comment des connaissances s’appuyant sur l’expérience passée et d’autres fondées sur une anticipation de dangers s’articulent dans les négociations pour construire un rapport au temps de référence. Ce rapport au temps de référence, qui construit des inégalités entre les connaissances des négociateurs, est élaboré à partir de marginalisations, d’exclusions et de traductions de connaissances. La relation spécifique au milieu naturel qu’il construit est analysée à travers la place de l’incertitude dans les connaissances mobilisées comme dans sa prise en charge pratique dans les plans de gestion. Les négociations étudiées se sont déroulées en Bretagne (France) et concernent la création d’une aire protégée ou des dispositifs de restauration de la qualité de l’eau.
Monosodium Urate Crystals Induce Upregulation of NK1.1-Dependent Killing by Macrophages and Support Tumor-Resident NK1.1+ Monocyte/Macrophage Populations in Antitumor Therapy
Authors: Steiger Stefanie , Kuhn Sabine , Ronchese Franca , Harper Jacquie L. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Macrophages display phenotypic and functional heterogeneity dependent on the changing inflammatory microenvironment. Under some conditions, macrophages can acquire effector functions commonly associated with NK cells. In the current study, we investigated how the endogenous danger signal monosodium urate (MSU) crystals can alter macrophage functions. We report that naive, primary peritoneal macrophages rapidly upregulate the expression of the NK cell-surface marker NK1.1 in response to MSU crystals but not in response to LPS or other urate crystals. NK1.1 upregulation by macrophages was associated with mechanisms including phagocytosis of crystals, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and autocrine proinflammatory cytokine signaling. Further analysis demonstrated that MSU crystal–activated macrophages exhibited NK cell–like cytotoxic activity against target cells in a perforin/granzyme B–dependent manner. Furthermore, analysis of tumor hemopoietic cell populations showed that effective, MSU-mediated antitumor activity required coadministration with Mycobacterium smegmatis to induce IL-1β production and significant accumulation of monocytes and macrophages (but not granulocytes or dendritic cells) expressing elevated levels of NK1.1. Our findings provide evidence that MSU crystal–activated macrophages have the potential to develop tumoricidal NK cell–like functions that may be exploited to boost antitumor activity in vivo.
M2b Monocytes Provoke Bacterial Pneumonia and Gut Bacteria–Associated Sepsis in Alcoholics
Authors: Tsuchimoto Yusuke , Asai Akira , Tsuda Yasuhiro , Ito Ichiaki , Nishiguchi Tomoki , Garcia Melanie C. , Suzuki Sumihiro , Kobayashi Makiko , Higuchi Kazuhide , Suzuki Fujio 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Chronic alcohol consumption markedly impairs host antibacterial defense against opportunistic infections. γ-irradiated NOD-SCID IL-2Rγnull mice inoculated with nonalcoholic PBMCs (control PBMC chimeras) resisted Klebsiella pneumonia and gut bacteria-associated sepsis, whereas the chimeras created with alcoholic PBMCs (alcoholic PBMC chimeras) were very susceptible to these infections. M1 monocytes (IL-12+IL-10−CD163−CD14+ cells), major effector cells in antibacterial innate immunity, were not induced by a bacterial Ag in alcoholic PBMC cultures, and M2b monocytes (CCL1+CD163+CD14+ cells), which predominated in alcoholic PBMCs, were shown to be inhibitor cells on the Ag-stimulated monocyte conversion from quiescent monocytes to M1 monocytes. CCL1, which functions to maintain M2b macrophage properties, was produced by M2b monocytes isolated from alcoholic PBMCs. These M2b monocytes reverted to quiescent monocytes (IL-12−IL-10−CCL1−CD163−CD14+ cells) in cultures supplemented with CCL1 antisense oligodeoxynucleotide, and the subsequent quiescent monocytes easily converted to M1 monocytes under bacterial Ag stimulation. Alcoholic PBMC chimeras treated with CCL1 antisense oligodeoxynucleotide were resistant against pulmonary infection by K. pneumoniae and sepsis stemming from enterococcal translocation. These results indicate that a majority of monocytes polarize to an M2b phenotype in association with alcohol abuse, and this polarization contributes to the increased susceptibility of alcoholics to gut and lung infections. Bacterial pneumonia and gut bacteria-associated sepsis, frequently seen in alcoholics, can be controlled through the polarization of macrophage phenotypes.
Benefits of Student Engagement in Intervention Research
Authors: Schwartz Jaclyn K. , Smith Roger O. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. Accreditation standards require entry-level occupational therapy students to understand, critique, and design research. However, the extent to which students should be embedded in research projects is unclear. The purpose of this study was to understand the benefits of student immersion in research for student learning and research quality.
METHOD. Using a multiple case study design, the principal investigator trained six occupational therapy students to implement a manualized intervention with research participants. Learning quizzes, video analysis of research activities, a practical exam, student documentation, an exit interview, and an exit survey identified student learning and research outcomes.
RESULTS. Students successfully implemented the study protocols with good reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = .89) and fidelity (99%). Students also reported improvements in comfort with client interactions, confidence in practice skills, self-efficacy in research, and clinical reasoning.
CONCLUSION. Student participation in hands-on research supports researchers in attaining their research goals and provides students with valuable learning experiences.
Evolution of a Revolution in Occupational Therapy Education
Authors: Burke Janice Posatery , Harvison Neil 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
This issue of the American Journal of Occupational Therapy reflects an increase in the quantity and quality of scholarly projects submitted for publication in this special issue. The positive response to the call for papers is evidence of the focused interest that faculty, both academic and clinical, and practitioners have brought to their work of educating and preparing the next generation of occupational therapists. This article discusses educational issues from academic, student, and fieldwork points of view, further validating the pervasive commitment that is being made to further understanding of how occupational therapists are educated. The articles cover topics including the critical issues of curriculum, value and timing of fieldwork and simulation experiences, and documentation of strategies to measure the effects of comparative educational experiences.
Hoe korter, des te langer?
Authors: Visser Jacomijn , Vollaard Hans , Meijerink Frits 
Published: November 2015

The shorter, the longer? On the relationship between coalition agreements and conflicts in municipalities
The Dutch municipality of Leiden used to be a rather ‘politically troublesome’ municipality, but after the formulation of a short coalition agreement during the 2010 to 2014 term of office, for the first time in a long while, no alderman was sent away. So, could short coalition agreements help to diminish the number of political conflicts, so that aldermen can remain in office for a longer period? In the first place, the answer to this question is important from a societal point of view because in the Netherlands an increasing number of aldermen are sent away. In the second place, it is important from an academic point of view because there is a lack of studies into local coalition agreements. In the third place, it is important because the analysis of the length of coalition agreements and the number of conflicts in almost all Dutch municipalities in the period 2010 to 2014 offers a good opportunity to test the contradictory expectations on the relationship between coalition agreements and political conflicts in Dutch municipalities at a national level. From the analysis, the authors conclude that there is a relationship between a high number of coalition parties and a large municipality, on the one hand, and longer coalition agreements, on the other hand. The length of the coalition agreements is not necessarily related to the number of conflicts measured by the number of aldermen sent away for political reasons. It is clear that the higher the number of coalition parties, the more conflicts there are likely to be, which is not an inviting prospect considering the ongoing fragmentation of municipal councils.
Burgerparticipatie, stedelijke vernieuwing en bestuurlijk leiderschap: inzichten via KISS
Authors: Reussing Rik 
Published: November 2015

Citizen participation, urban renewal and administrative leadership: insights through KISS
Since 2001, the Dutch province of Overijssel has had its own knowledge centre focusing on urban society, called the ‘KennisInstituut Stedelijke Samenleving’ (KISS), alongside national knowledge centres. This essay gives an overview of some relevant KISS meetings devoted to a many kinds of citizen participation. The overview is based on reports made by the author himself. Examples of citizen participation are: the new styles of neighbourhood governance, citizen participation through neighbourhood budgets, the strength of the city and location-based leadership, innovative urban renewal and the promotion of citizen initiatives in the province of Overijssel. Examples are not only from the province of Overijssel (situated in the east of the Netherlands), but also from other parts of the Netherlands and other countries (Flanders, United Kingdom, United States and all over the world). The subject of citizen participation (in connection with urban renewal and administrative leadership) enjoys an ever-increasing popularity as is shown by the number of KISS meetings devoted to this subject.
Twentieth century increase in snowfall in coastal West Antarctica
Authors: Thomas E. R. , Hosking J. S. , Tuckwell R. R. , Warren R. A. , Ludlow E. C. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe Amundsen Sea sector of the West Antarctic ice sheet has been losing mass in recent decades; however, long records of snow accumulation are needed to place the recent changes in context. Here we present 300 year records of snow accumulation from two ice cores drilled in Ellsworth Land, West Antarctica. The records show a dramatic increase in snow accumulation during the twentieth century, linked to a deepening of the Amundsen Sea Low (ASL), tropical sea surface temperatures, and large‐scale atmospheric circulation. The observed increase in snow accumulation and interannual variability during the late twentieth century is unprecedented in the context of the past 300 years and evidence that the recent deepening of the ASL is part of a longer trend.
Impact of subgrid‐scale processes on eyewall replacement cycle of tropical cyclones in HWRF system
Authors: Zhu Ping , Zhu Zhenduo , Gopalakrishnan Sundararaman , Black Robert , Marks Frank D. , Tallapragada Vijay , Zhang Jun A. , Zhang Xuejin , Gao Cen 
Published: November 2015

AbstractTwo idealized simulations by the Hurricane Weather Research and Forecast (HWRF) model are presented to examine the impact of model physics on the simulated eyewall replacement cycle (ERC). While no ERC is produced in the control simulation that uses the operational HWRF physics, the sensitivity experiment with different model physics generates an ERC that possesses key features of observed ERCs in real tropical cyclones. Likely reasons for the control simulation not producing ERC include lack of outer rainband convection at the far radii from the eyewall, excessive ice hydrometeors in the eyewall, and enhanced moat shallow convection, which all tend to prevent the formation of a persistent moat between the eyewall and outer rainband. Less evaporative cooling from precipitation in the outer rainband region in the control simulation produces a more stable and dryer environment that inhibits the development of systematic convection at the far radii from the eyewall.
Methyl chloride as a tracer of tropical tropospheric air in the lowermost stratosphere inferred from IAGOS‐CARIBIC passenger aircraft measurements
Authors: Umezawa T. , Baker A. K. , Brenninkmeijer C. A. M. , Zahn A. , Oram D. E. , van Velthoven P. F. J. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWe present variations of methyl chloride (CH3Cl) and nitrous oxide (N2O) in the lowermost stratosphere (LMS) obtained from air samples collected by the In‐service Aircraft for a Global Observing System‐Civil Aircraft for the Regular Investigation of the atmosphere Based on an Instrument Container (IAGOS‐CARIBIC) passenger aircraft observatory for the period 2008–2012. To correct for the temporal increase of atmospheric N2O, the CARIBIC N2O data are expressed as deviations from the long‐term trend at the northern hemispheric baseline station Mauna Loa, Hawaii (ΔN2O). ΔN2O undergoes a pronounced seasonal variation in the LMS with a minimum in spring. The amplitude increases going deeper in the LMS (up to potential temperature of 40 K above the thermal tropopause), as a result of the seasonally varying subsidence of air from the stratospheric overworld. Seasonal variation of CH3Cl above the tropopause is similar in phase to that of ΔN2O. Significant correlations are found between CH3Cl and ΔN2O in the LMS from winter to early summer, both being affected by mixing between stratospheric air and upper tropospheric air. This correlation, however, disappears in late summer to autumn. The slope of the CH3Cl‐ΔN2O correlation observed in the LMS allows us to determine the stratospheric lifetime of CH3Cl to be 35 ± 7 years. Finally, we examine the partitioning of stratospheric air and tropical/extratropical tropospheric air in the LMS based on a mass balance approach using ΔN2O and CH3Cl. This analysis clearly indicates efficient inflow of tropical tropospheric air into the LMS in summer and demonstrates the usefulness of CH3Cl as a tracer of tropical tropospheric air.
Global adaptive regulation control for a class of nonlinear systems with unknown control coefficients
Authors: Yu Jiangbo , Lv Hongli , Wu Yuqiang 
Published: November 2015

SummaryThis paper is concerned with the global asymptotic regulation control problem for a class of nonlinear uncertain systems with unknown control coefficients. The allowed class of uncertainties include unmeasured input‐to‐state stable (ISS) and/or weaker integral ISS (iISS) inverse dynamics, parametric uncertainties, and uncertain nonlinearities. By using the Nussbaum‐type gain technique and changing the ISS/integral ISS inverse dynamics supply rates, we design a dynamic output feedback controller which could guarantee that the system states are asymptotically regulated to the origin from any initial conditions, and the other signals are bounded in closed‐loop systems. The numerical example of a simple pendulum with all unknown parameters and without velocity measurement illustrates our theoretical results. The simulation results demonstrate its efficacy. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polyaniline benefited from poly(vinyl alcohol) in both conductivity and energy storage
Authors: Yang Liuqing , Wu Wenling , Feng Yang , Ma Yingxia , Li Shengtao , Li Yanfeng 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTPolyaniline (PANI) is an important conductive polymer because of its wide potential. In this article, we present a modified chemical polymerization method, which employs poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) as a doping assistant, for the synthesis of PANI. In this study, the introduced PVA contributed both to the conductivity and specific capacitance. The conductivity markedly increased more than two orders of magnitude from 5.2 to 1052 S/m after a small amount of PVA was introduced. A combination of the amphoteric polymer and acid together as the dopant extended the doping method for the synthesis of conductive PANI. The specific capacitance of PANI occurred up to 382.9 F/g at a current density of 0.5 A/g. The PANIs exhibited fast redox reactions, good ion response, and a short diffusion path of electronic transport. By feat of the hydrophilicity of PVA, the as‐prepared PANI showed a good dispersibility in aqueous solution; this is important for its potential applications. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 42989.
Study of flame‐resistant acrylic fibers reinforced by poly(vinyl alcohol)
Authors: Zhou Wanli , Yan Xiang , Jiang Mengjin , Liu Pengqing , Xu Jianjun 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTAcrylic fibers [polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers] have excellent flame‐retardant properties after they are modified by hydrazine hydrate and metal ions; however, their widespread applications are restricted because of poor mechanical properties. To improve the mechanical properties of these modified PAN fibers, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) was added to the spinning solution of PAN as an effective reinforcing agent. The structure of the fibers before and after modification was studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive spectroscopy, and wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction. The mechanical properties and flame resistance of the fibers after treatment were also tested by a single‐fiber tensile tester and a limiting oxygen index (LOI) analyzer, respectively. We found that the LOI of the modified fibers was reduced from 54.7 to 29.1 after the introduction of 50 wt % PVA; however, the tensile strength was dramatically improved from about 1.50 cN/dtex to more than 4.00 cN/dtex. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43006.
Structure and properties relationship of melt reacted polyamide 6/malenized soybean oil
Authors: Ernzen Juliano Roberto , Bondan Fabrício , Luvison Caroline , Henrique Wanke Cesar , De Nardi Martins Johnny , Fiorio Rudinei , Bianchi Otávio 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTIn this work, a maleinized soybean oil (SOMA) was melt reacted with polyamide 6 and the thermal, rheological, and morphological properties were evaluated. It was observed that the maleinized soybean oil reacted with polyamide chains, increasing the molecular weight of the polymer. Addition of SOMA also promoted an increase in the amount of α crystalline phase as well as in the crystallinity index. The average amorphous layer thickness (La) was enhanced with the addition of 1 wt % of SOMA, while the average crystalline layer thickness (Lc) were significantly enlarged with the increase in SOMA content, indicating that SOMA structures were located at the interfacial region between amorphous and crystalline. The addition of 5 wt % of SOMA plasticized the PA6, reducing its glass transition temperature. However, the sample containing 5 wt % of SOMA showed an accentuated pseudoplastic behavior as compared to other samples. Addition of SOMA also reduced the tensile strength and increased the elongation at break. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43050.
Affinity‐tuned peroxidase‐like activity of hydrogel‐supported Fe3O4 nanozyme through alteration of crosslinking concentration
Authors: Sang Jilong , Wu Ronglan , Guo Pingping , Du Juan , Xu Shimei , Wang Jide 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTIn this work, we evaluated the effect of crosslinking concentration on the affinity of poly (2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐1‐propansulfonic acid) (PAMPS) hydrogel‐supported Fe3O4 nanozyme towards substrates (tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) and H2O2). The peroxidase‐like catalytic activity of PAMPS/Fe3O4 nanozyme was discussed with respect to crosslinking concentration of PAMPS hydrogel for the oxidation of TMB in the presence of H2O2 at room temperature. High catalytic activity was achieved due to good dispersion of Fe3O4 nanozyme in the hydrogel network and strong affinity of PAMPS hydrogel‐supported Fe3O4 nanozyme towards substrates. The affinity between the hydrogel‐supported Fe3O4 nanozyme and substrates can be improved by regulating the crosslinking concentration of PAMPS hydrogel without other trenchant experimental conditions. In addition, the result indicated that H2O2 can be detected even at a concentration as low as 1.5 × 10−6 mol L−1 with a linear detection range of 1.5–9.8 × 10−6 mol L−1. Such investigations not only showed a new approach to improve the affinity and peroxidase‐like activity of Fe3O4 nanozyme, but also verified its potential application in bio‐detection and environmental chemistry. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43065.