bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial organization of NG2 glial cells and astrocytes in rat hippocampal CA1 region
Authors: Xu Guangjin , Wang Wei , Zhou Min 
Published: December 2013

AbstractSimilar to astrocytes, NG2 glial cells are uniformly distributed in the central nervous system (CNS). However, little is known about the interspatial relationship, nor the functional interactions between these two star‐shaped glial subtypes. Confocal morphometric analysis showed that NG2 immunostained cells are spatially organized as domains in rat hippocampal CA1 region and that each NG2 glial domain occupies a spatial volume of ∼178, 364 μm3. The processes of NG2 glia and astrocytes overlap extensively; each NG2 glial domain interlaces with the processes deriving from 5.8 ± 0.4 neighboring astrocytes, while each astrocytic domain accommodates processes stemming from 4.5 ± 0.3 abutting NG2 glia. In CA1 stratum radiatum, the cell bodies of morphologically identified glial cells often appear to make direct somatic‐somata contact, termed as doublets. We used dual patch recording and postrecording NG2/GFAP double staining to determine the glial identities of these doublets. We show that among 44 doublets, 50% were NG2 glia–astrocyte pairs, while another 38.6% and 11.4% were astrocyte–astrocyte and NG2 glia–NG2 glia pairs, respectively. In dual patch recording, neither electrical coupling nor intercellular biocytin transfer was detected in astrocyte–NG2 glia or NG2 glia–NG2 glia doublets. Altogether, although NG2 glia and astrocytes are not gap junction coupled, their cell bodies and processes are interwoven extensively. The anatomical and physiological relationships revealed in this study should facilitate future studies to understand the metabolic coupling and functional communication between NG2 glia and astrocytes. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Transitory FGF Treatment Results in the Long‐Lasting Suppression of the Proliferative Response to Repeated FGF Stimulation
Authors: Poole Ashleigh , Knowland Nicholas , Cooper Emily , Cole Rebecca , Wang Hongchuan , Booth Lucas , Kacer Doreen , Tarantini Francesca , Friesel Robert , Prudovsky Igor 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTFGF applied as a single growth factor to quiescent mouse fibroblasts induces a round of DNA replication, however continuous stimulation results in arrest in the G1 phase of the next cell cycle. We hypothesized that FGF stimulation induces the establishment of cell memory, which prevents the proliferative response to repeated or continuous FGF application. When a 2–5 days quiescence period was introduced between primary and repeated FGF treatments, fibroblasts failed to efficiently replicate in response to secondary FGF application. The establishment of “FGF memory” during the first FGF stimulation did not require DNA synthesis, but was dependent on the activity of FGF receptors, MEK, p38 MAPK and NFκB signaling, and protein synthesis. While secondary stimulation resulted in strongly decreased replication rate, we did not observe any attenuation of morphological changes, Erk1/2 phosphorylation and cyclin D1 induction. However, secondary FGF stimulation failed to induce the expression of cyclin A, which is critical for the progression from G1 to S phase. Treatment of cells with a broad range histone deacetylase inhibitor during the primary FGF stimulation rescued the proliferative response to the secondary FGF treatment suggesting that the establishment of “FGF memory” may be based on epigenetic changes. We suggest that “FGF memory” can prevent the hyperplastic response to cell damage and inflammation, which are associated with an enhanced FGF production and secretion. “FGF memory” may present a natural obstacle to the efficient application of recombinant FGFs for the treatment of ulcers, ischemias, and wounds. J. Cell. Biochem. 115: 874–888, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The purification of edible oils and fats
Authors: Dijkstra Albert J. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractOriginally, oils were not refined but with the introduction of solvent extraction, refining became necessary. Crude cottonseed oil was refined by treating the oil with caustic soda and the same process was used for all other oils that needed refining. The subsequent introduction of centrifugal separators converted the original batch process into a continuous process. Degumming was introduced to obtain lecithin but limited to soya bean oil. Physical refining was introduced for high acidity oils like palm oil after the oil had been degummed to low residual phosphorus levels in the dry degumming process, in which the oil is first of all treated with an acid and then with bleaching earth. In Europe, further degumming processes were developed that allowed seed oil to be physically refined and later phospholipase enzymes were introduced to reduce oil retention by the gums and improve oil yield. Given these various oil purification processes, the refiner must decide which process to use for which oil in which circumstances. The paper provides a survey of what to do and when. It also discusses several topics that require further investigation and development.
Synthesis and properties of high corrosion resistant Ni–cerium oxide nano‐composite coating
Authors: Hasannejad H. , Shahrabi T. , Jafarian M. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe effect of cerium ion on the formation, morphology, composition, and corrosion behavior of Ni–cerium oxide coatings was investigated by SEM, FESEM, XRD, EDS, XPS, EIS, and potentiodynamic polarization. The extremely highest corrosion resistant coating was obtained when the cerium ion concentration in the plating bath was 16 mM. It has been observed that the presence of cerium ion in the plating bath led to changes in the morphology of the coating from pyramid nodular structure to coaxial structure. By adding cerium ion to the plating bath, a considerable grain refinement in the nanometer region was observed.
Novel zinc‐rich epoxy paint coatings with hydrated alumina and carbon nanotubes supported polypyrrole for corrosion protection of low carbon steel: Part I: Inhibitor particles and their dispersions
Authors: Gergely A. , Pászti Z. , Bertóti I. , Török T. , Pfeifer É. , Kálmán E. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractIn part 1 of this work, preparation, structure, spectroscopic, and electrochemical characteristics of the polypyrrole (PPy) deposited alumina/multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) inhibitor particles (PDAMIPs) are presented. TEM observations evidenced uniform deposition of thin PPy film on the functionalized nanotubes, whereas co‐deposition of PPy and polystyrene sulfonic acid (PSS) lead to thick polymer coverage on hydrated alumina. Modification with polymer complexes resulted in moderately dispersed PDAMIPs, which is due to the various degrees of aggregation and coalescence. FTIR revealed compact and dense PPy structure on the functionalized MWCNTs while it was not the case on alumina and the PSS modified nanotubes. Closer interaction of PPy with the MWCNTs resulted in enhanced charge mobility, whereas greater electroactivity and reversibility of PPy were noted to samples containing functionalized nanotubes and low amount of PSS. Rheological study verified moderate micron‐scale dispersity and the modification caused various degrees of aggregations of the PDAMIPs. These were recognized to be valid in the suspensions at a solid phase concentration with component contents similar to the corrosion tested hybrid coatings. Rheological percolation of the nanotubes (with anisotropic factor of ∼100) was confirmed at volume fractions of 3.30 × 10−3 and 6.0 × 10−4 which were under the dilute/semi‐dilute boundary type theoretical and experimental thresholds. This is related to the extensive interconnection of the nanotube‐supported filaments. Thus, overlapping of the nanotubes should contribute to the electrical percolation thereby galvanic corrosion prevention function of the zinc‐rich hybrid coatings, which is discussed in the 2nd part.
Clinical, electrophysiologic, and imaging features of zoster‐associated limb paresis
Authors: Jones Lyell K. , Haatem Reda , Watson James C. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Paresis is a long‐recognized complication of herpes zoster, but there has been comparatively little study of zoster‐associated limb paresis (ZALP). Methods: In this study we reviewed 49 Mayo Clinic patients with ZALP. Results: The mean age of onset was 71 years, 67% were men, and the lower limb was affected in 55%. The mean weakness score was 2.0 (0 = normal strength, 4 = plegia). Most patients developed postherpetic neuralgia (PHN, 92% at 1 month and 65% at 3 months), and the average minimum duration of weakness was 193 days. ZALP was caused by radiculopathy (37%), plexopathy (41%), mononeuropathy (14%), and radiculoplexus neuropathy (8%). MRI demonstrated nerve enlargement, T2 signal prolongation, or enhancement in a majority (64%) of affected plexi and peripheral nerves. Conclusions: ZALP is associated with considerable weakness. It typically lasts at least several months, localizes to plexus or peripheral nerve in 63%, and is associated with high rates of PHN. Muscle Nerve 50:177–185, 2014
Direct free fatty acid storage in different sized adipocytes from the same depot
Authors: Rajjo Tamim I. , Harteneck Debra A. , Jensen Michael D. 
Published: December 2013

ObjectiveHuman adipocytes take up free fatty acids (FFA) directly from the circulation, even at times of high lipolytic activity. Whether these processes occurs simultaneously within the same cells or are partitioned between different cells, for example large and small cells, is unknown.MethodsThe direct FFA storage in subcutaneous fat in 13 adults were measured using a continuous infusion of [U‐13C]palmitate and a bolus of [1‐14C]palmitate followed 30 min later by abdominal and femoral adipose biopsies. The adipocytes were isolated by digestion procedures and separated into small, medium and large populations by differential floatation.ResultsPopulations of adipocytes were isolated that were statistically and clinically (∼3 fold different) in size. Adipocyte lipid SA was not different between small, medium and large cells, therefore, FFA storage per unit lipid was not different. However, FFA storage rates were significantly (two to four times) greater per cell in large than small cells (P < 0.005). In summary, relative to lipid content, FFA storage rates are not different in large and small adipocytes, however, large cells have greater storage rates per cell.ConclusionsThis suggests that the processes of FFA release and storage are taking place simultaneously in adipocytes.
Improving diagnosis and management of dementia in primary care
Authors: Rasmussen Jill 
Published: December 2013

AbstractOur series of Commentaries from the Primary Care Neurology Society (P‐CNS) provide a primary care perspective on neurology articles featured in Progress in Neurology and Psychiatry. Here, Dr Jill Rasmussen discusses ‘Closing the diagnosis gap and improving care: the primary care memory clinic’ (see page 27).
Use of asenapine in a case of treatment‐resistant bipolar disorder
Authors: Kohli Sarabjeet , Singh Vinod 
Published: December 2013

AbstractEffective management of acute bipolar mania can be challenging, particularly in patients with comorbid substance use. Here, the authors describe the case of an acutely manic 37‐year‐old man with treatment‐resistant bipolar affective disorder and comorbid cannabis dependency, who responded well to treatment with asenapine, enabling him to be discharged back to the community psychiatric team.
Closing the diagnosis gap and improving care: the primary care memory clinic
Authors: Benbow Susan Mary , Jolley David , Greaves Ian Charles , Walker Elaine 
Published: December 2013

AbstractEarly diagnosis of dementia is vital for optimum care but diagnosis rates remain patchy across the UK. Dr Benbow and colleagues describe their innovative primary care memory clinic model in Gnosall, Staffordshire, and the benefits it has brought in terms of increasing diagnosis, improved patient care and cost savings.
Mechanisms of resistance to paraquat in plants
Authors: Hawkes Timothy R 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe aim of this brief review is to draw information from studies of the mechanism of evolved resistance in weeds, together with information from laboratory studies of paraquat tolerance in model plants. Plants having mutations that limit paraquat uptake into cytoplasm, that confer various stress tolerances or that have transgenes that co‐express two or more of the chloroplast Halliwell–Asada cycle enzymes can all exhibit enhanced tolerance to paraquat. However, none of these mechanisms correspond to the high‐level resistances that have evolved naturally in weeds. Most, but not all, of the evidence from studies of paraquat‐resistant biotypes of weeds can reasonably be reconciled with the proposal of a single major gene mechanism that sequesters paraquat away from chloroplasts and into the vacuole. However, the molecular details of this putative mechanism remain ill‐defined. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Interfacial intermixing in SrRuO3/Pr0.7Ca0.3MnO3 epitaxial superlattices: A HAADF‐STEM study
Authors: Hillebrand Reinald , Pippel Eckhard , Vrejoiu Ionela , Hesse Dietrich 
Published: December 2013

We quantitatively interpret HAADF‐STEM images of SrRuO3/Pr0.7Ca0.3MnO3 (SRO/PCMO) superlattices. The images were taken in a probe‐corrected (cs = 0) FEI microscope at 300 kV. The specimen thickness is estimated by comparing experimental and simulated Z‐contrast ratios. The intermixing at the interfaces is different for the growth of SRO on PCMO and that of PCMO on SRO. In addition, the thermal stability of SRO/PCMO superlattices is studied by HAADF‐STEM, based on a series of annealing experiments. Colored HAADF‐STEM image (V = 300 kV, cs = 0 mm) of part of a SrRuO3/Pr0.7Ca0.3MnO3 epitaxial superlattice.
Expression of Chimeric Receptor CD4ζby Natural Killer Cells Derived from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Improves In Vitro Activity but Does Not Enhance Suppression of HIV Infection In Vivo
Authors: Ni Zhenya , Knorr David A. , Bendzick Laura , Allred Jeremy , Kaufman Dan S. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractCell-based immunotherapy has been gaining interest as an improved means to treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) could become a potential resource. Our previous studies have shown hESC and iPSC-derived natural killer (NK) cells can inhibit HIV-infected targets in vitro. Here, we advance those studies by expressing a HIV chimeric receptor combining the extracellular portion of CD4 to the CD3ζ intracellular signaling chain. We hypothesized that expression of this CD4ζ receptor would more efficiently direct hESC- and iPSC-derived NK cells to target HIV-infected cells. In vitro studies showed the CD4ζ expressing hESC- and iPSC-NK cells inhibited HIV replication in CD4+ T-cells more efficiently than their unmodified counterparts. We then evaluated CD4ζ expressing hESC (CD4ζ-hESC)- and iPSC-NK cells in vivo anti-HIV activity using a humanized mouse model. We demonstrated significant suppression of HIV replication in mice treated with both CD4ζ-modified and -unmodified hESC-/iPSC-NK cells compared with control mice. However, we did not observe significantly increased efficacy of CD4ζ expression in suppression of HIV infection. These studies indicate that hESC/iPSC-based immunotherapy can be used as a unique resource to target HIV/AIDS. Stem Cells 2014;32:1021–1031
Putting on a green carnival: Youth taking educated action on socioscientific issues
Authors: Birmingham Daniel , Calabrese Barton Angela 
Published: December 2013

AbstractSocioscientific issues in connection to energy production, use or influence on climate change continue to be at the forefront of local, national, and global debates. The pressing nature of these issues requires citizens not only to understand relevant disciplinary knowledge but also to have the ability to use that knowledge to take action. This paper investigates the work of youth in an after school science program designed to examine socioscientific issues as they took educated action in science by putting on a “green carnival” for their peers and community members in relation to green energy issues. We approached this study as a critical ethnography working with youth as they planned and implemented a community event. In particular, we were interested in examining what taking educated action in and for one's community looks like and how youth leveraged community‐based and scientific expertise to engage in this work. Our findings indicate that the intersection of place‐based and science expertise provided an impetus for youth to take educated action in and for their community. They also indicate that merging place‐based understandings with core science ideas resulted in youth creating a space to open dialog and alter the relationship between science and their community. We discuss the implications for science educators to consider the role of educated action in both informal and formal science learning spaces in order to foster civic action using scientific expertise. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 51: 286–314, 2014
Feasibility of Laparoscopic Re‐resection for Patients with Recurrent Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Chan Albert C. Y. , Poon Ronnie T. P. , Chok Kenneth S. H. , Cheung Tan To , Chan See Ching , Lo Chung Mau 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackgroundRepeated resection via an open approach is an effective treatment for post‐operative recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, there are limited data on the application of laparoscopic approach for recurrent HCC in patients with prior liver resections. The aim of this study was to review our experience of laparoscopic re‐resection in patients with postoperative tumor recurrence.Materials and methodsA total of 11 patients received laparoscopic re‐resections for postoperative tumor recurrence in our center. Data were reviewed for demographics, tumor characteristics, and perioperative outcomes. Case‐match analysis with the open approach was performed in a 1:2 ratio.ResultsSix patients had their first liver resection carried out via the open approach and the remaining five patients received the laparoscopic approach. The recurrent tumor size was 20 mm (12–50 mm) and ten patients had a solitary recurrence. Two patients had laparoscopic left lateral sectionectomy and the remaining nine patients had sub‐segmentectomies. There was no significant difference in patient characteristics, preoperative liver function, and tumor features between the laparoscopic and open groups. Perioperative blood loss was significantly reduced in the laparoscopic group (100 vs. 314 mL; p = 0.014) but the morbidity rate (18.2 vs. 4.5 %; p = 0.199) and length of hospitalization were comparable (6 vs. 5 days; p = 0.831). The 3‐year overall survival rates for the laparoscopic and open groups were 60.0 and 89.3 %, respectively (p = 0.279).ConclusionOur study showed that laparoscopic re‐resection for recurrent HCC was feasible with satisfactory postoperative and oncological outcomes, even in patients with previous major liver resections.
Neoadjuvant Therapy and Vascular Resection During Pancreaticoduodenectomy: Shifting the Survival Curve for Patients with Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Epelboym Irene , DiNorcia J. , Winner M. , Lee M. K. , Lee J. A. , Schrope B. A. , Chabot J. A. , Allendorf J. D. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackgroundNeoadjuvant therapy and vascular resection may offer patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer potential cure.MethodsWe reviewed medical records of patients with ductal adenocarcinoma who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) from 1992 through 2011. We identified patients who received neoadjuvant therapy (NA+) or required vascular resection (VR+) for locally advanced disease and compared outcomes to those who did not.
ResultsOf the 643 patients who were initially explored, 506 (143 NA+ and 363 NA− patients) ultimately underwent PD. There were no significant differences in R0 resection or morbidity. Mortality was higher in the NA+ versus NA− group (7.0 vs 3.0 %, p = 0.04). More NA+ patients underwent PD VR+ (p < 0.001). Among VR+ patients, neoadjuvant therapy resulted in significantly lower R1 resection. Among resected patients, survival of NA+ patients was significantly longer than both NA− patients (27.3 vs 19.7 months, p < 0.05) and patients abandoned because of locally advanced disease. Age, tumor grade, lymph node ratio, and R1 resection were independent predictors of poor survival.ConclusionsNeoadjuvant therapy and vascular resection offer patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer the chance for cure with acceptable morbidity and mortality. These patients have improved survival over patients deemed locally inoperable by traditional criteria.
Robotic-assisted tubal anastomosis with one-stitch technique
Authors: Kavoussi Shahryar K. , Kavoussi K. M. , Lebovic Dan I. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract

The da Vinci® robotic surgical system has been used more often in recent years for tubal anastomosis (TA) and has been reported to have an increased operative time. A one-stitch technique has been used for the reanastomosis step in laparoscopic TA. To date, publications on robotically-assisted TA (RATA) describe an anastomotic step with multiple (usually four) sutures placed. This retrospective case series reports tubal patency data on patients who underwent RATA with the one-stitch technique; tubal patency was the outcome measure. Eighteen women (ages 27–39) underwent RATA with the one-stitch anastomotic technique in tertiary care medical centers between February 2009 and May 2012. Tubal patency was demonstrated in 16/17 patients (94.1 %), as evidenced by postoperative hysterosalpingogram (HSG) and/or subsequent pregnancies. We report the first case series which shows that RATA with a single stitch for the reanastomotic step is effective in achieving tubal patency as evidenced by postoperative HSG and/or pregnancies.
A standardized online clinical education and assessment tool for neurology
clerkship students assigned to multiple sites
Authors: Holland Neil R. , Grinberg Ilya , Tabby David 
Published: December 2013

The Drexel neurology clerkship experience can vary from large groups at a
university hospital inpatient unit to smaller groups at private physician offices.
Evaluations are based on the site director’s subjective assessment and performance on
the National Board of Medical Examiners neurology shelf examination. We are developing a
standardized online clinical neurology course and quiz for the whole clerkship. We
piloted the course and quiz at a single site for one academic year and compared their
test scores with a control group of students at other clerkship sites who took the
online quiz without viewing the course. Students at the pilot site achieved higher
scores both on the neurology shelf examination and the clinical quiz and also reported
higher teaching satisfaction scores than students at all other sites. There was a 97 %
participation rate in the online quiz from the other sites. Use of this online course
and quiz provides effective standardized clinical neurology teaching and evaluation that
can be applied to students across multiple sites.
EL CRECIMIENTO ECONÓMICO DE VENEZUELA, DESDE LA OLIGARQUÍA CONSERVADORA HASTA LA REVOLUCIÓN BOLIVARIANA: 1830-2012. UNA VISIÓN CUANTITATIVA
Authors: De Corso Giuseppe 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTThe aim of this paper is to present a historical series of Venezuelan GDP from 1830 to 2012. For that purpose we have employed an expenditure approach to reconstruct the GDP of Venezuela, which could be applied with advantages for others Latin America countries. We were able to identify three long economic phases for Venezuela: The first one from 1830-1924 which we refer as “agrarian economy”; the second one of oil driven development, characterize by a high velocity growth from 1924 to 1977, and the last phase portrayed as one of stagnation and decline from 1977 to 2012.