bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ti/TiO2 nanotubes enhance Mycobacterium fortuitum, Mycobacterium chelonae and Mycobacterium abscessus inactivation in water
Authors: Brugnera Michelle Fernanda , Miyata Marcelo , Zocolo Guilherme Julião , Leite Clarice Queico Fujimura , Zanoni Maria Valnice Boldrin 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDRapid‐growing mycobacteria are difficult to eradicate using common disinfection practices, when compared with coliforms. They are resistant to chlorination, which is commonly used in swimming pool and drinking water treatment. They also resist treatment with glutaraldehyde (GA), benzalkonium chloride, organomercury compounds, chlorohexidine, and even autoclavation. So, the present work describes the development of a new treatment method for Mycobacterium disinfection based on phoelectrocatalytical oxidation at Ti/TiO2 nanotubes electrodes, which could be a promising alternative for its inactivation in a short treatment time.RESULTSNanotubular TiO2 was grown on Ti surface using electrochemical anodization in fluoride medium and applied to photoelectrocatalytic inactivation of 103 CFU mL‐1 Mycobaterium fortuitum, M. chelonae, and M. abscessus, which was achieved after 3 min treatment. The metabolites released during cellular lysis were also degraded with 240 min of photoelectrocatalytical treatment, as monitored by mass spectroscopy measurements. Mineralization was greater than 70% under optimum conditions. The photoelectrocatalytic method gave better results than the photolytic and photocatalytic techniques. The method provided the most efficient mycobacterial inactivation and TOC removal rate, thus being the best to disinfect mycobacterium‐infected water.CONCLUSIONPhotoelectrodes based on Ti/TiO2 nanotubes prepared by electrochemical anodization are a powerful alternative to disinfect mycobacterium‐ contaminated water. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Endoscopic papillary large‐balloon dilation versus endoscopic papillary regular‐balloon dilation for removal of large bile‐duct stones
Authors: Fujisawa Toshio , Kagawa Koichi , Hisatomi Kantaro , Kubota Kensuke , Nakajima Atsushi , Matsuhashi Nobuyuki 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundEndoscopic papillary large‐balloon dilation (EPLBD) became popular for the treatment of large common bile‐duct stones (CBDS), and its feasibility has been reported in comparison to endoscopic sphincterotomy. However, the comparison between EPLBD and endoscopic papillary regular‐balloon dilation (EPBD) has not been reported. In the present study, the efficacy and complications of EPLBD were compared with those of EPBD.MethodsWe retrospectively assessed 334 consecutive patients with CBDS of any size that were treated by either EPLBD or EPBD between January 2008 and December 2012.ResultsIn cases with large CBDS (>10 mm), EPLBD and EPBD had similar results in terms of the success rate of stone removal in the first (65% vs. 84%) and total attempts (100% vs. 95%), use of mechanical lithotripter (64% vs. 80%), and procedure time (48.0 ± 17.8 min vs. 44.1 ± 17.1 min). The necessity for crushing stones with a mechanical lithotripter was significantly decreased in EPLBD compared to EPBD (25% vs. 80%). In all cases with CBDS, there was no significant difference in complication rates between EPLBD and EPBD (3.3% vs. 4.7%).ConclusionsCompared to EPBD, EPLBD appears safe and effective for removing large CBDS and decreases the necessity of lithotripsy.
MAINSTREAMING GENDER OR RECONSTITUTING THE MAINSTREAM? GENDER KNOWLEDGE IN DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Maitrayee 
Published: October 2013

AbstractCritical reviewers of gender mainstreaming as a practice agree that its transformatory potential has remained unfulfilled. This paper, based on radical readings of three conferences organised to review gender mainstreaming argues that gender has been institutionalised in development organisations although not as gender and development theorists and practitioners would have liked. This paper uses the critical readings to excavate the technologies of power of development governmentalities that structure the institutionalisation process and frame feminist practice. It shows how radical feminist projects of transformation become complicit with the imperatives of development categories and projects. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Timing of cranial suture closure in placental mammals: Phylogenetic patterns, intraspecific variation, and comparison with marsupials
Authors: Rager Lisa , Hautier Lionel , Forasiepi Analía , Goswami Anjali , Sánchez‐Villagra Marcelo R. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTUsed as markers of postnatal growth closure sequences of 22 ectocranial sutures and synchondroses were recorded in a sample of 1161 skulls belonging to 38 species from all major placental clades: Afrotheria, Xenarthra, Laurasiatheria and Euarchontoglires (Boreoeutheria). The maximum closure level, which is not significantly correlated to body mass, is higher in Afrotheria and Xenarthra than in Boreoeutheria. Only the basioccipito‐basisphenoid and the basioccipito‐exoccipital synchondroses close in all species sampled, the supraoccipito‐exoccipital and the inter‐parietal sutures do in most species. Parsimov retrieved more heterochronic shifts for Afrotheria and Xenarthra than for Boreoeutheria. The amount of intraspecific variation differs among the species sampled being high among xenarthran species and low among afrotherians. Specimens (162) representing 12 marsupial genera were also analysed. Placentals exhibit a larger number of suture closures than marsupials and in both groups the sutures at the base of the skull are the first to fuse starting with the basioccipito‐exoccipital. J. Morphol. 275:125–140, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Resegmentation in the mexican axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum
Authors: Piekarski Nadine , Olsson Lennart 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTThe segmental series of somites in the vertebrate embryo gives rise to the axial skeleton. In amniote models, single vertebrae are derived from the sclerotome of two adjacent somites. This process, known as resegmentation, is well‐studied using the quail–chick chimeric system, but the presumed generality of resegmentation across vertebrates remains poorly evaluated. Resegmentation has been questioned in anamniotes, given that the sclerotome is much smaller and lacks obvious differentiation between cranial and caudal portions. Here, we provide the first experimental evidence that resegmentation does occur in a species of amphibian. Fate mapping of individual somites in the Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) revealed that individual vertebrae receive cells from two adjacent somites as in the chicken. These findings suggest that large size and segmentation of the sclerotome into distinct cranial and caudal portions are not requirements for resegmentation. Our results, in addition to those for zebrafish, indicate that resegmentation is a general process in building the vertebral column in vertebrates, although it may be achieved in different ways in different groups. J. Morphol. 275:141–152, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Repeatability of diffusion‐weighted imaging in rectal cancer
Authors: Intven Martijn , Reerink Onne , Philippens Marielle E.P. 
Published: October 2013

PurposeSerial diffusion‐weighted MRI (DW‐MRI) measurements of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of rectal tumors are used for rectal cancer response evaluation after neo‐adjuvant treatment. In this study, we determined the repeatability of DW‐MRI to distinguish therapy‐related response from measurement variations.Materials and MethodsIn 18 patients with rectal cancer on five consecutive days, 1.5 Tesla (T) MR imaging was performed including two identical DW‐MRI sequences. The repeatability of the tumor ADC measurements and the intraobserver ADC variation were depicted in a Bland‐Altman plot. The repeatability coefficient was calculated as the range of ADC values of two identical DWI measurements for 95% of subjects. It was expressed as percentage of the mean ADC value.ResultsThree females and 15 males were included. The mean tumor ADC value was 1.15 × 10−3 mm2/s (SD 0.07 × 10−3 mm2). The repeatability coefficient of the ADC value was 9.8% and for the intraobserver repeatability 4.7%.ConclusionIn serial DW‐MRI for rectal cancer treatment response evaluation, a repeatability coefficient of 9.8% has to be considered to account for measurement variations in rectal tumor ADC. These variations represent observer judgement and patient and MR spectrometer induced variations. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;40:146–150. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Heterozygote of PLCE1 rs2274223 increases susceptibility to human papillomavirus infection in patients with esophageal carcinoma among the Kazakh populations
Authors: Cui Xiaobin , Chen Yunzhao , Liu Lin , Li Li , Hu Jianming , Yang Lan , Liang Weihua , Li Feng 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe involvement of human papillomavirus (HPV) in the carcinogenesis of esophageal squamous carcinoma remains undetermined. However, three genome‐wide association studies of esophageal cancer have identified a shared susceptibility locus at 10q23 (rs2274223: A5780G) in phospholipase C epsilon 1 (PLCE1). The current study aims to present a comprehensive and novel spectrum about the HPV genotype distribution of esophageal carcinoma in Kazakhs and assess its association with PLCE1 polymorphisms. The HPV genotypes in 183 patients with esophageal cancer and 89 controls selected from the Kazakh population were evaluated using the HPV gene chip. The PLCE1 rs2274223 variant was genotyped in esophageal carcinoma patients by MALDI‐ToF Mass Spectrometry. The presence of seven HPV genotypes in esophageal carcinoma tissues—including HPV 16, 18, 35, 52, 6, 11, 43—was significantly higher at 31.7% than those in controls at 9.0% (P < 0.001). Such presence was strongly associated with increased risk of esophageal carcinoma (OR 4.70; 95% CI 2.13–10.36). Among all HPV genotypes detected, HPV16 was the most common genotype identified (29.0%, OR 4.13; 95% CI 1.87–9.13), which is significantly associated with well‐differentiated esophageal carcinoma (P = 0.037). HPV‐positive patients were generally younger than HPV‐negative patients (70.1% vs. 29.3%, P = 0.013). PLCE1 rs2274223 genotypes AG and AG/GG were significantly associated with HPV‐positive patients with esophageal carcinoma (OR 2.05, 95% CI 1.03–4.08 and OR 1.98, 95% CI 1.02–3.84, respectively). These findings suggest that heterozygote of PLCE1 rs2274223 increases susceptibility to HPV infection in patients with esophageal carcinoma among the Kazakh populations. J. Med. Virol. 86:608–617, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A pollen record of the Mid‐Pleistocene Transition from Beijing, North China
Authors: JIANG HANCHAO , GUO GAOXUAN , CAI XIANGMIN , XU HONGYAN , MA XIAOLIN , ZHONG NING , LI YANHAO 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTTo reconstruct the history of climate and environment in East Asia during the Early Pleistocene, a palynofloral investigation was conducted on fluviolacustrine sediments in Beijing, North China. The results indicate that herb and shrub taxa were dominant in most of the samples, reflecting an open forest grassland covering the Beijing region during much of the Early Pleistocene. This vegetation generally declined during 1.68–1.25 Ma and recovered in part during 1.25–0.96 Ma. From 0.96 Ma, conifers gradually replaced broad‐leaved trees, shrubs and herbs. After 0.65 Ma, the pollen abundance of conifers, shrubs and herbs all increased significantly. These vegetation changes took place in the context of long‐term global cooling during the Late Cenozoic. A significant increase in Antarctic ice volume at 1.25–1.20 Ma and the resultant increased meridional temperature gradient in the Southern Ocean led to prominent anomalous warming in the tropics and increased heat/moisture flow across the Equator, probably resulting in vegetation recovery in the study area to some extent during 1.25–0.96 Ma. From 0.96 Ma, the stepwise decline of vegetation cover in the study area, especially after 0.65 Ma, was driven by further development of global cooling and increase in polar ice volume.
Physicochemical property of starch–pectin conjugates with resistance to enzymatic activity
Authors: Zhang Juan , Chen Lei , Cui Junhui , Xiao Lin , Wang Zhengwu 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn view of the high nutritional values and bioactivities of resistant starch and pectin, it would be a good choice to chemically combine pectin and starch to give a new type of chemically modified resistant starch.RESULTA new type of chemically modified resistant starch has been prepared by cross‐linking starch and pectin using sodium trimetaphosphate. Starch–pectin conjugates can well prevent the hydrolysis catalysed by different enzymes, such as α‐amylase, amyloglucosidase, pancreatin as well as β‐amylase and glucosidase. Although the conjugates do not change the crystal type of starch, they increase the degree of crystallinity. Moreover, thermal stability and structural homogeneity of the conjugates are positively correlated with double‐helical order in the crystalline region.CONCLUSIONThis study gives a new method for the preparation of resistant starch–pectin conjugates which can be widely used as a new type of food additive in the industry. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Tumor volumetry as a prognostic factor in the management of T4a laryngeal cancer
Authors: Hsin Li‐Jen , Fang Tuan‐Jen , Tsang Ngan‐Ming , Chin Shy‐Chyi , Yen Tzu‐Chen , Li Hsueh‐Yu , Liao Chun‐Ta , Chen I‐How 
Published: October 2013

Objectives/HypothesisThe role of tumor volume in T4a laryngeal cancer remains unclear among different treatment modalities. Using tumor volumetry, we investigated the impact of primary tumor volume on this subset of patients.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study of 62 T4a laryngeal cancer patients.MethodsFrom October 2002 to September 2010, 48 patients were treated with definitive chemoradiation therapy (CRT), and 14 patients had undergone total laryngectomy. Tumor volume was calculated and was correlated with the overall survival (OS), progression‐free survival (PFS), and local control rate (LCR) data of each treatment group.ResultsThe 5‐year OS, PFS, and LCR were significantly lower in the CRT group with tumor volume ≥ 15 cm3 (22.5% vs. 48.7%, P = 0.009; 32.2% vs. 64.3%, P = 0.003; 45.2% vs. 67.3%, P = 0.039). Multivariate analysis showed that tumor volume was an independent poor prognosticator for OS, PFS, and LCR in the CRT group. For tumor volume ≥ 15 cm3, total laryngectomy provided a significantly higher 5‐year OS and PFS (54.5% vs. 22.5%, P = 0.039; 80.0% vs. 32.2%, P = 0.017) than for those tumors treated with definitive CRT.ConclusionsPatients with T4a laryngeal cancer with primary tumor volume ≥ 15 cm3 had poorer survival outcomes after definitive CRT compared with total laryngectomy. It was also an independent poor prognosticator on LCR, PFS, and OS for those receiving definitive CRT. For patients with tumor volume ≥ 15 cm3, total laryngectomy provided a better survival outcome than definitive CRT.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 124:1134–1140, 2014
Treatment of spider veins of the lower extremity with a novel 532 nm KTP laser
Authors: Bernstein Eric F. , Noyaner‐Turley Ayse , Renton Bradley 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThis study investigated a novel, high‐power, 532 nm frequency‐doubled Nd:YAG, KTP laser with contact cooling for the treatment of spider veins of the lower extremities.StudyTwenty female subjects with Fitzpatrick skin types I–III, were treated to 79 sites using the 532 nm wavelength of a dual‐wavelength 532/1,064 nm laser (Excel V, Cutera, Brisbane, CA) with a 5 mm‐diameter spot, fluences ranging from 13 to 15 J/cm2, and a pulse‐duration of 40 milliseconds. Two treatments were performed 12 weeks apart. Photographs were taken at baseline and 12 weeks following the final treatment. Improvement was assessed by two independent physicians reviewing photographs in a blinded fashion using a 5‐point improvement scale.ResultsAll subjects demonstrated improvement resulting in a median improvement of 2.5 (one‐sample Wilcoxon signed rank test, 95% CI: 1.9–2.9, P = 0.000). The reviewers were highly consistent (kappa of 0.85), and highly accurate (kappa of 0.85) in identification of “after photograph” and they were highly consistent in grading improvement. Subjects and the treating physician reported “significant” to “very significant” (∼51 to 100%) improvement in 75% and 69% of subjects, respectively. Post‐inflammatory hyper‐pigmentation was seen in 2% of sites (1/64). No serious adverse effects reported. All subjects tolerated the treatments well (mean pain score of 2.9/10).ConclusionTreatment of spider veins of the leg with a novel 532 nm KTP laser was found to be safe and effective, with minimal discomfort and adverse effects in Fitzpatrick skin types I–III. Lasers Surg. Med. 46:81–88, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Long‐term efficacy of linear‐scanning 808 nm diode laser for hair removal compared to a scanned alexandrite laser
Authors: Grunewald Sonja , Bodendorf Marc Oliver , Zygouris Alexander , Simon Jan Christoph , Paasch Uwe 
Published: October 2013

SummaryBackground and ObjectiveAlexandrite and diode lasers are commonly used for hair removal. To date, the available spot sizes and repetition rates are defining factors in terms of penetration depth, treatment speed, and efficacy. Still, larger treatment areas and faster systems are desirable. To compare the efficacy, tolerability, and subject satisfaction of a continuously linear‐scanning 808 nm diode laser with an alexandrite 755 nm laser for axillary hair removal.Study DesignA total of 31 adults with skin types I–IV received 6 treatments at 4‐week intervals with a 755 nm alexandrite laser (right axilla) and a continuously linear‐scanning 808 nm diode laser (left axilla). Axillary hair density was assessed using a computerized hair detection system.ResultsThere was a significant reduction in axillary hair after the 6th treatment (P < 0.05) on both sides (left, 808 nm: hair clearance of 72.16%; right, 755 nm: hair clearance of 71.30%). The difference in reduction between the two lasers was not significant, but both were persistant at 18 months follow‐up (left: hair clearance of 73.71%; right: hair clearance of 71.90%). Erythema and perifollicular edema were more common after alexandrite laser treatment, but all side effects were transient. While 62.50% of patients reported more pain in response to treatment with the new diode laser, all patients rated treatment with either laser tolerable.ConclusionTreatment with either the alexandrite or the linear‐scanning diode laser results in significant, comparable, persistent (at least 18 months) axillary hair reduction among individuals with skin types I–IV. Lasers Surg. Med. 46:13–19, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Facile Iron‐Mediated Dispersant‐Free Suspension Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate via Reverse ATRP in Water
Authors: Cao Jun , Zhang Lifen , Jiang Xiaowu , Tian Chun , Zhao Xiaoning , Ke Qi , Pan Xiangqiang , Cheng Zhenping , Zhu Xiulin 
Published: October 2013

An iron‐mediated reverse ATRP of methyl methacrylate (MMA) is successfully carried out in water in the absence of any dispersants, using a water‐soluble 2,2′‐azobis(2‐methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (V‐50) as the initiator and the stabilizer, and using an oil‐soluble N,N‐butyldithiocarbamate ferrum (Fe(S2CN(C4H9)2)3) as the catalyst without adding any additional ligands. Micron‐sized PMMA particles with UV light‐sensitive ‐S2CN(C4H9)2 end group are obtained, and monomer droplet nucleation and suspension polymerization mechanism are proposed. Polymerization results demonstrated typical “living”/controlled characteristics of ATRP: first‐order polymerization kinetics, linear increase of molecular weights with monomer conversion and narrow molecular weight distributions for the resultant PMMA particles. NMR spectroscopy and chain‐extension experiments under UV light irradiation confirm the attachment and livingness of UV light‐sensitive ‐S2CN(C4H9)2 group in the chain end.
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Micellar Cathodes from Self‐Assembled Nitroxide‐Containing Block Copolymers in Battery Electrolytes
Authors: Hauffman Guillaume , Maguin Quentin , Bourgeois Jean‐Pierre , Vlad Alexandru , Gohy Jean‐François 
Published: October 2013

This contribution describes the synthesis of block copolymers containing electrochemically active blocks, their micellization, and finally their use as micellar cathodes in a lithium battery. The self‐assembly of the synthesized poly(styrene)‐block‐poly(2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidinyloxy‐4‐yl methacrylate) (PS‐b‐PTMA) diblock copolymers is realized in a typical battery electrolyte made of 1 m lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate dissolved in a mixture of ethylene carbonate/diethyl carbonate/dimethyl carbonate(1:1:1, in volume). Dynamic light scattering and atomic force micro­scopy indicate the formation of well‐defined spherical micelles with a PS core and a PTMA corona. The electrochemical properties of those micelles are further investigated. Cyclic voltammograms show a reversible redox reaction at 3.6 V (vs Li+/Li). The charge/discharge profiles indicate a flat and reversible plateau around 3.6 V (vs Li+/Li). Finally, the cycling performances of the micellar cathodes are demonstrated. Such self‐assembled block copolymers open new opportunities for nanostructured organic radical batteries.
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Preparation of Well‐Defined Poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) Macromonomers via Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization
Authors: Yang Pengcheng , Armes Steven P. 
Published: October 2013

A series of six near‐monodisperse methacrylic macromonomers is prepared via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate using a tertiary amine‐functionalized initiator at 50 °C, followed by quaternization with excess 4‐vinylbenzyl chloride at 20 °C. GPC analyses indicate polydispersities of around 1.20 and their mean degrees of polymerization (DP) range from 20 to 70, as judged by both 1H NMR and UV spectroscopy. The former technique is more convenient but the latter proved more accurate for the higher DP values, provided that an appropriate model compound is utilized for calibration. Finally, these new macromonomers are used to prepare sterically stabilized polystyrene latexes with relatively narrow size distributions via alcoholic dispersion polymerization.
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SHOXgene and conserved noncoding element deletions/duplications inColombian patients with idiopathic short stature
Authors: Vinasco Sandoval Gloria Tatiana , Jaimes Giovanna Carola , Barrios Mauricio Coll , Cespedes Camila , Velasco Harvy Mauricio 
Published: October 2013

AbstractSHOXgene mutations or haploinsufficiency cause a wide range of phenotypes such asLeriWeill dyschondrosteosis (LWD),Turner syndrome, and disproportionate short stature (DSS). However, this gene has also been found to be mutated in cases of idiopathic short stature (ISS) with a 3–15% frequency. In this study, the multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification (MLPA) technique was employed to determine the frequency ofSHOXgene mutations and their conserved noncoding elements (CNE) inColombian patients withISS. Patients were referred from different centers around the county. From a sample of 62 patients, 8.1% deletions and insertions in the intragenic regions and in theCNEwere found. This result is similar to others published in other countries. Moreover, an isolated case ofCNE9 duplication and a new intron 6b deletion in another patient, associated withISS, are described. This is one of the first studies of aLatinAmerican population in which deletions/duplications of theSHOXgene and itsCNEare examined in patients withISS.