bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The NADPH oxidases DUOX1 and DUOX2 are sorted to the apical plasma membrane in epithelial cells via their respective maturation factors DUOXA1 and DUOXA2
Authors: Kohda Akira , Kamakura Sachiko , Hayase Junya , Sumimoto Hideki 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe membrane‐integrated NADPH oxidases DUOX1 and DUOX2 are recruited to the apical plasma membrane in epithelial cells to release hydrogen peroxide, thereby playing crucial roles in various functions such as thyroid hormone synthesis and host defense. However, it has remained unknown about the molecular mechanism for apical sorting of DUOX1 and DUOX2. Here we show that DUOX1 and DUOX2 are correctly sorted to the apical membrane via the membrane‐spanning DUOX maturation proteins DUOXA1 and DUOXA2, respectively, when co‐expressed in MDCK epithelial cells. Impairment of N‐glycosylation of DUOXA1 results in mistargeting of DUOX1 to the basolateral membrane. Similar to DUOX1 complexed with the glycosylation‐defective DUOXA1, the naturally non‐glycosylated oxidase NOX5, which forms a homo‐oligomer, is targeted basolaterally. On the other hand, a mutant DUOXA2 deficient in N‐glycosylation is less stable than the wild‐type protein but still capable of recruiting DUOX2 to the apical membrane, whereas DUOX2 is missorted to the basolateral membrane when paired with DUOXA1. These findings indicate that DUOXA2 is crucial but its N‐glycosylation is dispensable for DUOX2 apical recruitment; instead, its C‐terminal region seems to be involved. Thus, apical sorting of DUOX1 and DUOX2 is likely regulated in a distinct manner by their respective partners DUOXA1 and DUOXA2.
Network analysis to prioritize issues for intervention to improve the health‐related quality of life of people with HIV in Spain
Authors: White Trenton M. , Fuster‐RuizdeApodaca María José , Iniesta Carlos , Prats‐Silvestre Carlos , Lazarus Jeffrey V. , Izquierdo Rebeca , Jarrín Inmaculada 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe objective is to assess the interconnectedness of a network of health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) variables among people with HIV (PHIV) to identify key areas for which clinical interventions could improve HRQoL for this population.MethodsBetween 2021 and 2023, we carried out a cross‐sectional study within the Spanish CoRIS cohort. We conducted a weighted and undirected network analysis, which examines complex patterns of relationships and interconnections between variables, to assess a network of eight HRQoL dimensions from the validated Clinic Screening Tool for HIV (CST‐HIV): anticipated stigma, psychological distress, sexuality, social support, material deprivation, sleep and fatigue, cognitive problems and physical symptoms.ResultsA total of 347 participants, predominantly male (93.1%), currently working (79.0%), self‐reported homosexual (72.6%) and college‐educated (53.9%), were included in the study. Psychological distress showed the highest centrality in the network, indicating its strong connections with sleep and fatigue, cognitive problems and social support within the HRQoL network.ConclusionsPsychological distress, sleep and fatigue, cognitive issues and social support were identified as key factors in an HRQoL network, indicating that interventions focused on these areas could significantly enhance overall well‐being.
Effect of pomegranate solution alone or combined with chlorhexidine against oral multispecies biofilm
Authors: Gallas J. A. , Pelozo L. L. , Corona S. A. M. , Shen Y. , Haapasalo M. , Sousa‐Neto M. D. , Souza‐Gabriel A. E. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimNatural bioactive products have been tested as alternative antimicrobial agents. This study evaluated the effect of Punica granatum extract (PGE) on oral multispecies biofilms.MethodologyLyophilized extracts from pomegranate peel were prepared, and the punicalagin content was assessed by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). Oral multispecies biofilms from 2 donors were grown on four collagen‐coated hydroxyapatite discs. After incubation for 7 days or 3 weeks, the biofilms were exposed to water (control), 2% CHX, 10% PGE, 20% PGE or 30% PGE for 3 min. The proportions of dead bacteria were assessed by the live/dead staining and confocal microscopy. After the analysis, the best PGE concentration (30%) was combined with CHX. The experimental phases were repeated using water, 2% CHX, 30% PGE and 30% PGE + 2% CHX. Five random areas of the biofilm on each disc were scanned, resulting in 20 scanned areas for each group.ResultsRegarding the biofilm volume, no differences were found amongst solutions (p = .111). The PGE solution killed bacteria effectively in 1‐week, 2‐week and 3‐week‐old‐plaque biofilms, ranging from 37 to 55.3%, depending on the PGE concentration. The 30% PGE (a) (p = .0009) had greater antibiofilm effectiveness than 2% CHX (b), which killed bacteria in the 25.2 to 48.7% range. The 10% and 20% PGE had intermediate values (ab), without significant differences from 30% PGE (p = 1.002). Water (c) had the lowest proportion of dead bacteria (p < .00001) in a range of 5 to 6.7% and lower effectiveness in killing bacteria (p < .05). The PGE alone or mixed with 2% CHX had greater anti‐biofilm effectiveness than CHX (p < .05). The old plaque biofilms were more resistant than the 7‐day‐old plaque (p < .05).ConclusionsThe 30% PGE (alone or combined with CHX) exhibited a greater antibiofilm effect on oral multispecies biofilms grown on hydroxyapatite discs than 2% CHX.
Edwardsiella tarda induces airways inflammation and production of autoantibodies against lung tissues through regulation of the IL‐33‐ST2 axis
Authors: Hu Yue , Feng Zhihong , An Gao , Lv Zhe , Wang Jingjing , Cui Ye , Corrigan Chris J. , Wang Wei , Li Qin , Ying Sun 
Published: August 2024

AbstractChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a highly prevalent chronic respiratory disease characterised by irreversible airways obstruction associated with chronic airways inflammation and remodelling, while the pathogenesis and the mechanistic differences between patients remain to be fully elucidated. We previously reported that alarmin cytokine IL‐33 may contribute to the production of autoantibodies against respiratory epithelial cells. Here we expand the hypothesis that pulmonary autoimmune responses induced by airway microbiota also contribute to the progression of COPD. We focused on Edwardsiella tarda which we detected uniquely in the induced sputum of patients with acute exacerbations of COPD. Pernasal challenge of the airways of WT mice with supernatants of cultured E. tarda induced marked, elevated expression of IL‐33 in the lung tissues. Immunisation of animals with supernatants of cultured E. tarda resulted in significantly elevated airways inflammation, the formation of tertiary lymphatic structures and significantly elevated proportions of T follicular helper T cells in the lung tissue and mediastinal lymph nodes. Interestingly, such challenge also induced production of IgG autoantibodies directed against lung tissue lysate, alveolar epithelial cell proteins and elastin fragment, while putrescine, one of metabolites generated by the bacterium, might play an important role in the autoantibody production. Furthermore, all of these effects were partly but significantly abrogated in mice with deletion of the IL‐33 receptor ST2. Collectively, these data support the hypothesis that COPD is progressed at least partly by airways microbiota such as E. tarda initiating autoimmune attack of the airways epithelium mediated at least partly through the IL‐33‐ST2 axis.
Novel use of deep neural networks on photographic identification of epaulette sharks (Hemiscyllium ocellatum) across life stages
Authors: Lonati Martina , Jahanbakht Mohammad , Atkins Danielle , Bierwagen Stacy L. , Chin Andrew , Barnett Adam , Rummer Jodie L. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPhotographic identification (photo ID) is an established method that is used to count animals and track individuals' movements. This method performs well with some species of elasmobranchs (i.e., sharks, skates, and rays) where individuals have distinctive skin patterns. However, the unique skin patterns used for ID must be stable through time to allow re‐identification of individuals in future sampling events. More recently, artificial intelligence (AI) models have substantially decreased the labor‐intensive process of matching photos in extensive photo ID libraries and increased the reliability of photo ID. Here, photo ID and AI are used for the first time to identify epaulette sharks (Hemiscyllium ocellatum) at different life stages for approximately 2 years. An AI model was developed to assess and compare the reliability of human‐classified ID patterns in juvenile and neonate sharks. The model also tested the persistence of unique patterns in adult sharks. Results indicate that immature life stages are unreliable for pattern identification, using both human and AI approaches, due to the plasticity of these subadult growth forms. Mature sharks maintain their patterns through time and can be identified by AI models with approximately 86% accuracy. The approach outlined in this study has the potential of validating the stability of ID patterns through time; however, testing on wild populations and long‐term datasets is needed. This study's novel deep neural network development strategy offers a streamlined and accessible framework for generating a reliable model from a small data set, without requiring high‐performance computing. Since many photo ID studies commence with limited datasets and resources, this AI model presents practical solutions to such constraints. Overall, this approach has the potential to address challenges associated with long‐term photo ID data sets and the application of AI for shark identification.
Pre‐procedural nursing home length of stay and outcomes of transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Nicely Preston N. , Yang Laiji , Kim Dae Hyun , Berry Sarah D. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundOlder adults with severe aortic stenosis (AS) may receive care in a nursing home (NH) prior to undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). NH level of care can be used to stabilize medical conditions, to provide rehabilitation services, or for long‐term care services. Our primary objective is to determine whether NH utilization pre‐TAVR can be used to stratify patients at risk for higher mortality and poor disposition outcomes at 30 and 365 days post‐TAVR.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study among Medicare beneficiaries who spent ≥1 day in an NH 6 months before TAVR (2011–2019). The intensity of NH utilization was categorized as low users (1–30 days), medium users (31–89 days), long‐stay NH residents (≥ 100 days, with no more than a 10‐day gap in care), and high post‐acute rehabilitation patients (≥90 days, with more than a 10‐day gap in care). The probabilities of death and disposition were estimated using multinomial logistic regression, adjusting for age, sex, and race.ResultsAmong 15,581 patients, 9908 (63.6%) were low users, 4312 (27.7%) were medium users, 663 (4.3%) were high post‐acute care rehab users, and 698 (4.4%) were long‐stay NH residents before TAVR. High post‐acute care rehabilitation patients were more likely to have dementia, weight loss, falls, and extensive dependence of activities of daily living (ADLs) as compared with low NH users. Mortality was the greatest in high post‐acute care rehab users: 5.5% at 30 days, and 36.4% at 365 days. In contrast, low NH users had similar mortality rates compared with long‐stay NH residents: 4.8% versus 4.8% at 30 days, and 24.9% versus 27.0% at 365 days.ConclusionFrequent bouts of post‐acute rehabilitation before TAVR were associated with adverse outcomes, yet this metric may be helpful to determine which patients with severe AS could benefit from palliative and geriatric services.
Pathogenicity evaluation of Cytospora species in 13 apple (Malus domestica) varieties and wild apple (Malus sieversii) in Xinjiang, China
Authors: Zhao Ying , Cai Guifang , Yan Meilin , Ma Rong , Zhang Daoyuan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractApples are a popular fruit worldwide and are cultivated in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (XUAR) in China. Cytospora canker disease is a serious problem in the apple industry in China. Pathogenicity of all historically recorded Cytospora species from Malus hosts was tested on the leaves and breaches of 13 varieties of apple (Malus domestica) and wild apple (Malus sieversii). Cytospora leucosperma and Cytospora pruinopsis were the most aggressive pathogens on apple and wild apple trees in Xinjiang. Meanwhile, Cytospora leucostoma, Cytospora nivea and Cytospora parakantschavelii were the least aggressive. In addition, Fuji and Golden Delicious were the most Cytospora canker disease‐resistant apple varieties and are recommended for future promotion. However, Sitagan and Erzizi were readily infected by Cytospora. Our findings provide a theoretical basis for field disease epidemic monitoring and tailoring disease prevention and control strategies based on the disease resistance of the variety and the aggressiveness of the pathogen.
Infectivity of Hepatitis B Virus Surface Antigen‐Positive Plasma With Undetectable HBV‐DNA: Can HBsAg Screening Be Discontinued in Egyptian Blood Donors?
Authors: El Ekiaby Magdy , Tanaka Junko , van Drimmelen Harry , Allain Jean‐Pierre , Lelie Nico 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTHepatitis B Virus (HBV) infectivity data were reviewed and the 50% infectious dose (ID50) was reassessed in different HBsAg‐positive infection stages enabling modelling of transfusion‐transmitted (TT)‐HBV infection risk if HBsAg donor screening was replaced by individual donation nucleic acid amplification technology (ID‐NAT). Quantitative HBsAg and HBV‐DNA assays were performed against international standards to compare the ratio between potential infectious HBV virions and subviral HBsAg particles in Egyptian HBsAg‐positive blood donors as well as in Japanese chimpanzee samples of known infectivity. HBV‐DNA load below the quantification limit of detection was estimated against a reference standard by replicate NAT testing (n = 25). Infectivity of chimpanzee samples collected during ramp‐up and declining viremic phase were tested in a human liver chimeric mice (HLCM) model and compared with published infectivity data from different HBsAg‐positive infection stages. Lowest estimates of ID50 in HBsAg‐positive plasma were 3–6 HBV virions in chimpanzee studies. Infectivity decreased approximately 10‐100‐fold in the declining viremic phase using HLCM. In acute phase samples, HBV to HBsAg particle ratios varied between 1:102–104 but in HBsAg‐positive blood donors this particle ratio reached 1:106–1012 when viral load was below 100 HBV‐DNA copies/mL. Modelled TT‐HBV risk of an HBsAg‐positive/ID‐NAT nonreactive blood transfusion was estimated at 5.5%–27% for components containing 20–200 mL of plasma when assuming an ID50 of 316 (point estimate between 100 and 1000) virions. It cannot be ensured that discontinuation of HBsAg donor screening and reliance on ID‐NAT alone is safe.
Population prevalence of aspergillus sensitization and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in COPD subjects in North India
Authors: Soundappan Kathirvel , Muthu Valliappan , Dhooria Sahajal , Sehgal Inderpaul Singh , Prasad Kuruswamy Thurai , Rudramurthy Shivaprakash Mandya , Chakrabarti Arunaloke , Aggarwal Ashutosh N. , Agarwal Ritesh 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundSensitization to Aspergillus fumigatus (AS) has been recently described in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. However, there is no data on the community prevalence of AS in COPD.ObjectivesTo assess the prevalence of AS among COPD subjects. The secondary objectives were to (1) assess the prevalence of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) in COPD and (2) compare the lung function in COPD subjects with and without AS.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional study in rural (29 villages) and urban (20 wards) communities in North India. We identified individuals with respiratory symptoms (IRS) through a house‐to‐house survey using a modified IUATLD questionnaire. We then diagnosed COPD through specialist assessment and spirometry using the GOLD criteria. We assayed A.fumigatus‐specific IgE in COPD subjects. In those with A. fumigatus‐specific IgE ≥0.35 kUA/L (AS), ABPA was diagnosed with raised serum total IgE and raised A.fumigatus‐specific IgG or blood eosinophil count.ResultsWe found 1315 (8.2%) IRS among 16,071 participants >40 years and diagnosed COPD in 355 (2.2%) subjects. 291 (82.0%) were men and 259 (73.0%) resided in rural areas. The prevalence of AS and ABPA was 17.7% (95% CI, 13.9–21.8) and 6.6% (95% CI, 4.4–8.8). We found a lower percentage predicted FEV1 in COPD subjects with AS than those without (p =.042).ConclusionsWe found an 18% community prevalence of AS in COPD subjects in a specific area in North India. Studies from different geographical areas are required to confirm our findings. The impact of AS and ABPA on COPD requires further research.
What Do We Want? To Eliminate Gender! When Do We Want It? Later!
Authors: Weltman Daniel 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGender eliminativism, also known as gender abolitionism, is the view that we should get rid of gender. I defend gender eliminativism by suggesting that many arguments that ostensibly call for rejecting it are in fact just arguments for delaying it. Although it may be true that presently gender eliminativism should not occur because of the role gender plays in people's identities, because of the need for gender to remedy oppression, because elimination is not pragmatic, because elimination is utopian, and because we should have more rather than fewer genders, these are all reasons to delay, rather than deny, gender eliminativism.
Effects of microbiota–testis interactions on the reproductive health of male ruminants: A review
Authors: Pan Cheng , Zhaxi Yangzong , Li Haiyan , Guan Feng , Pan Junru , Wa Da , Song Tianzeng , Zhao Wangsheng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRuminants are one of the world's economically important species, and their reproductive health is critical to the economic development of the livestock industry. In recent years, research on the relationship between microbiota and reproductive health has received much attention. Microbiota disruption affects the developmental health of the testes and epididymis, the male reproductive organs of the host, which in turn is related to sperm quality. Maintaining a stable microbiota protects the host from pathogens and increases breeding performance, which in turn promotes the economic development of animal husbandry. In addition, the effects and mechanisms of microbiota on reproduction were further explored. These findings support new approaches to improving and managing reproductive health in ruminants through the microbiota and facilitate further systematic exploration of microbiota‐mediated reproductive impacts.
A path to professional capability: The Career Start Programme in Bulgaria as a strategy to youth development
Authors: Yakova Lilia , Politov Alexander , Gerganov Alexander 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis article looks into the Career Start Programme in Bulgaria through the prism of Sen's capability approach, and more particularly—the application of the approach to career guidance, employment programmes and youth labour market activation [Correction added on 15 August 2024, after first online publication: The full name of the programme in the previous sentence has been defined in this version.]. It analyses the programme's effects on its beneficiaries in enhancing their capability for work and capability for knowledge. Through qualitative and quantitative data analysis, we examine: (1) how the programme affects the participants' meaningful choices to aspire for and get a desired job and to develop sustainable career paths, and (2) how the programme influences the participants' capability for learning and skill acquisition. We find that, as a whole, the programme has positive influences on the larger part of its beneficiaries, as it equips them with the necessary capabilities to develop their future careers. We, however, observe certain issues with the programme calling for adjustments, so that young participants are better empowered to participate in the design of youth initiatives and formulate NEET‐related and youth employment policies that will be more conducive to their career paths in the future and to their aspirations for jobs they value.
Making a Subjective Atlas of Palestine: On participative design and situated mapping
Authors: de Vet Annelys 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper offers a reflection on the design ethos and process behind the production of the Subjective Atlas of Palestine – the third of 15 Subjective Atlases that I have facilitated over the past 20 years as a graphic designer and initiator. They are bottom‐up cartographic publications that map countries, regions, or cities through the perspectives of local inhabitants, emerging from participative production processes where communities map their environment through myriad visualisations, such as graphs, maps, drawings, and photography. Unlike conventional mapping, this methodology for counter‐mapping fosters a place‐based understanding grounded in lived experiences, and promotes plural representation. How can designers facilitate collective imagination as a practice for counter‐mapping and reterritorialisation? In solidarity with the Palestinian struggle for a life of dignity and justice, I reiterate the creation and dissemination of the Subjective Atlas of Palestine as a timely reminder of cartography's implication in generating and sustaining a violent geopolitical order in Palestine–Israel.
Implementing pathogen reduction technology while discontinuing blood donor deferral criteria for sexual risk behaviors: A simulation study
Authors: Domingue Marie‐Pier , O'Brien Sheila F. , Grégoire Yves , Lanteri Marion C. , Stramer Susan L. , Camirand Lemyre Félix , Lewin Antoine 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundCombining pathogen reduction technology (PRT) with blood screening may alleviate concerns over the risk of transfusion‐transmitted infections (TTI) and support changes in blood donor selection to potentially increase blood availability. This study aimed to estimate the residual risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) transfusion‐transmission in Canada after implementing PRT, while eliminating deferrals for sexual risk behaviors.Study Design and MethodsA probabilistic approach that combined Bayesian networks with Monte Carlo simulations was used to estimate the risk of transfusing HIV‐, HBV‐, or HCV‐contaminated blood components. Different scenarios were considered to compare the current residual risk after PRT implementation, with and without donor deferral criteria for sexual risk behaviors. Donor profiles and blood component outcomes were simulated based on a literature review including the prevalence and incidence of HIV, HBV, and HCV in the Canadian blood donor population; the use of current blood screening assays; and HIV, HBV, and HCV blood donor viral loads.ResultsIn the universal PRT scenario (i.e., with PRT/without deferral criteria), the estimated risks of HIV, HBV, and HCV transmission were significantly lower than those in the currently observed scenario (i.e., without PRT/with deferral criteria).ConclusionsThis risk model suggests that PRT for platelets and plasma (and eventually for RBCs when available) significantly reduces the residual risks of HIV, HBV and HCV transfusion‐transmission and could enable the removal of blood donor deferral criteria for sexual risk behaviors.