bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calcaneal “Z” Osteotomy Effect on Hindfoot Varus After Triple Arthrodesis in a Cadaver Model
Authors: Zanolli Diego H. , Glisson Richard R. , Utturkar Gangadhar M. , Eckel Tobin T. , DeOrio James K. 
Published: August 2014

Background: Triple arthrodesis involves subtalar, talonavicular, and calcaneocuboid joint fusion and is performed to relieve pain and correct deformity. Complications include malunion resulting in equinovarus and lateral column overload, which can lead to painful callosities and stress fractures. This study quantified the effectiveness of a closing-wedge calcaneal “Z” osteotomy for correction of the varus condition and reduction of abnormal loading of the lateral border of the foot. Methods: Ten fresh-frozen feet were used. Angle meters were attached to the calcaneus and second cuneiform to measure hindfoot and midfoot varus, and pressure sensors were placed under the first and fifth metatarsal heads to document loading of the borders of the foot. Tensile loads were applied to ten extrinsic tendons and the Achilles tendon while an 1187 N axial foot load was applied. Calcaneus and second cuneiform coronal plane angles and medial and lateral plantar pressures were measured initially, after triple fusion-induced varus, and after “Z” osteotomy. Results: The calcaneal “Z” osteotomy had no significant corrective effect, with hindfoot alignment virtually identical before and after the procedure under the described foot loading conditions. Similarly, second cuneiform inclination, representative of midfoot alignment, showed no change from the osteotomy. Medial and lateral peak plantar pressures after calcaneal “Z” osteotomy did not differ from those measured after varus triple fusion. Conclusion: In this cadaver model of varus malunited triple arthrodesis, the closing-wedge calcaneal “Z” osteotomy was ineffective for correction of bone alignment and lateral forefoot overloading under the tested conditions. Clinical Relevance: The results provide additional information on which to base treatment after triple arthrodesis with varus malunion.
Hydroxychloroquine’s Efficacy as an Antiplatelet Agent Study in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Achuthan S. , Ahluwalia J. , Shafiq N. , Bhalla A. , Pareek A. , Chandurkar N. , Malhotra Samir 
Published: August 2014

Background: With the inflammatory model of atherosclerosis taking center stage, anti-inflammatory drugs hold a promising place in the therapy of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Recent studies showed that hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) was protective against thrombovascular events in lupus erythematosus and traditional cardiovascular risk factors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Some preliminary experimental data have shown that it may prevent platelet activation too. Objective: To evaluate the antiplatelet activity of HCQ when given alone and in combination with aspirin (ASA) and compare it with ASA alone and ASA plus clopidogrel (CLOP) in healthy human volunteers. Methods: In part 1 of the study, 8 volunteers were given HCQ for 7 days. In part 2, 12 volunteers were randomly assigned in a 1:1:1 ratio to the 3 groups in which 2 of the 3 treatments, ASA, ASA plus CLOP, and ASA plus HCQ, were given in the 2 treatment periods separated by a 14-day washout period using the incomplete block design. Inhibition of platelet aggregation (IPA) was measured by light transmission aggregometry. Results: When arachidonic acid (AA) was used as agonist, HCQ given alone showed a significant reduction in platelet aggregation (11.0% ± 4.2%, P = .03). The IPA was significantly increased when ASA plus HCQ was compared with ASA alone (31.2% ± 8.1%, P = .002). This synergistic effect was not seen with adenosine diphosphate and collagen as agonists. Levels of serum 11-dehydrothromboxane B2, a stable marker of thromboxane A2 production, were not significantly different between the groups. There was also a significant decrease in fibrinogen and erythrocyte sedimentation rate values when HCQ was used alone or in combination with ASA. Conclusion: This study suggests that HCQ has antiplatelet properties possibly through the AA pathway (downstream to thromboxane A2 production). With possible additional beneficial effects over the traditional CVD risk factors, larger studies in the future might explore HCQ’s potential as an antiplatelet agent.
Calibrated delivery drape versus indirect gravimetric technique for the measurement of blood loss after delivery: a randomized trial
Authors: Ambardekar Shubha , Shochet Tara , Bracken Hillary , Coyaji Kurus , Winikoff Beverly 
Published: August 2014

Abstract

Background
Trials of interventions for PPH prevention and treatment rely on different measurement methods for the quantification of blood loss and identification of PPH. This study’s objective was to compare measures of blood loss obtained from two different measurement protocols frequently used in studies.

Methods
Nine hundred women presenting for vaginal delivery were randomized to a direct method (a calibrated delivery drape) or an indirect method (a shallow bedpan placed below the buttocks and weighing the collected blood and blood-soaked gauze/pads). Blood loss was measured from immediately after delivery for at least one hour or until active bleeding stopped.

Results
Significantly greater mean blood loss was recorded by the direct than by the indirect measurement technique (253.9 mL and 195.3 mL, respectively; difference = 58.6 mL (95% CI: 31–86); p < 0.001). Almost twice as many women in the direct than in the indirect group measured blood loss > 500 mL (8.7% vs. 4.7%, p = 0.02).

Conclusions
The study suggests a real and significant difference in blood loss measurement between these methods. Research using blood loss measurement as an endpoint needs to be interpreted taking measurement technique into consideration.

Trial registration
This study has been registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01885845.
Seasonal behavior of meteor radar winds over Wuhan
Authors: Zhao Guangxin , Liu Libo , Wan Weixing , Ning Baiqi , Xiong Jiangang 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
A newly installed meteor radar has been installed to measure winds in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) over Wuhan (114.4°E, 30.6°N). In the present study, a database of the first 25 months (February 2002–February 2004) of observations has been analyzed to investigate the climatology of mean winds and tides. The daily average zonal wind is charactered by a strong shear in solstices and an intense eastward flow in summer. The daily average meridional wind is northward in winter and southward in other seasons. There are some discrepancies between the radar mean winds and the HWM93 model winds. The summer zonal winds and meridional winds from the model are obviously weaker than our observations. The analysis on tides indicates that the diurnal tide is dominant at Wuhan. The seasonal variability is observed in both the diurnal and semidiurnal tidal amplitudes with the maximum values occurring usually near the equinoxes. Compared with the Global Scale Wave Model (GSWM00), the observed results generally show a smaller diurnal tidal amplitude and a larger semidiurnal tidal amplitude.
Simulation of strong ground motions caused by the 2004 off the Kii peninsula earthquakes
Authors: Hayakawa Toshihiko , Furumura Takashi , Yamanaka Yoshiko 
Published: August 2014

AbstractStrong ground motions caused by the Mj 7.4 2004 earthquake that occurred in the Nankai Trough to the southeast of the Kii Peninsula, Japan are simulated by a three-dimensional (3D) finite-difference method (FDM) using a fault-rupture model obtained by inversion of teleseismic seismograms and a 3D subsurface structure model for central Japan. Through simulations of the foreshock (Mj 7.1), the structural model is refined by comparison with observations, and the modified model is used to simulate the mainshock. The simulation provides a reasonable reproduction of the ground motions caused by the mainshock, including site amplification effects in the sedimentary basins of Osaka and Noubi. However, the current simulation model has limitations in producing the large and extended ground motion due to long-period Love waves in the Kanto Plain, as the model does not account for the sharp frequency selectivity for Love waves in the surficial structure of the Bouso Peninsula. It therefore appears necessary to develop a better model for longer-period waves.
Latitudinal and longitudinal displacement of cusp ion precipitation controlled by IMF By and Bz
Authors: Asai Keiko T. , Maezawa Kiyoshi , Mukai Toshifumi , Hayakawa Hajime 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Dependence of the location of the cusp precipitation on the orientation of interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) is investigated using data from the Akebono satellite taken at altitudes of several thousands of km. More than a hundred cusp precipitation events have been identified with the low-energy particle detector (LEP) onboard Akebono. The observed energy spectra of ions precipitating at the cusp are dispersed by the convection motion of field lines. We pay special attention to the location where precipitating ions have the highest energy in the energy dispersion curve as recorded along the satellite’s path; such location would represent the one nearest to the foot point of the dayside reconnection line (we here assume that the cusp ion injection is triggered by the magnetopause reconnection). We study this location as a proxy for the foot point of the reconnection line and call it „ion entry point” in this paper. Our analysis shows that the location of the „ion entry point” has a strong dependence on the sign and magnitude of IMF B
y and B
z. B
y and B
z have almost orthogonal effects on the location of the entry point, with the latitudinal displacement linearly related to B
z, and the longitudinal displacement linearly related to B
y. We find that the B
z dependence of the ion entry point is represented by a single regression line for entire range of B
z irrespective of its north/south polarity. We also find that the B
y dependence is larger for positive B
z than for negative B
z. The distribution of ion entry points for positive IMF B
y is almost a mirror image of that for negative IMF B
y with respect to the noon-midnight meridian plane. We discuss the dependence of the „ion entry point” on the IMF from the viewpoint of where and how the magnetopause reconnection (merging) occurs for various orientations of IMF.
Three-dimensional magnetization vector inversion of a seamount
Authors: Kubota Ryuji , Uchiyama Akinori 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
A three-dimensional non-uniform magnetic modeling is proposed to obtain information about a magnetization of a seamount, which was divided into many blocks modeled by layered and rectangular prisms, and parameters were assigned to each block describing magnetic three components. Our data were the magnetic total force on the sea. A set of linear observation equations was formulated in terms of three components of magnetization for each block. The solution was obtained by using the conjugate gradients method because of its fast and accurate advantages of calculation. In this inversion, a common set of three components was defined for several blocks to decrease the number of unknown parameters. A computer program has been tested with artificial data and applied to data of Daiichi Kashima Seamount observed during the first phase of the Kaiko project carried out with the R/V Jean Charcot in 1984. In the real application, the crustal structure was divided into three layers (top depth to 5 km depth, 5–6.5 km depth and 6.5–8 km depth). The result of the inversion shows that the top portion and the submerged western half of this seamount are covered with the low magnetization layers, and in the middle layer (5–6.5 km depth) of eastern half side, declinations, inclinations and intensities are almost northward, 15° and 3–5 A/m, respectively. In the third layer (6.5–8 km depth), the reverse magnetizations are revealed in the southeastern and northern sides of Daiichi Kashima Seamount and around Katori Seamount. These reverse magnetizations may reflect part of the magnetic lineations of the Pacific plate.
Structural mapping of Quseir area, northern Red Sea, Egypt, using high-resolution aeromagnetic data
Authors: Salem Ahmed , Aboud Essam , Elsirafy Abuelhoda , Ushijima Keisuke 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Exploration in the northern Red Sea of Egypt has had little success in locating hydrocarbon accumulation. The main exploration problems in this region are the complex block faulting and Miocene salt structures. The complex basement block structure arises from the different ages of faults and the difficulty of determining the exact age relations. In this paper, we present a case study of structural mapping using application of the Euler method to high-resolution aeromagnetic data collected in the Quseir area of the northern Red Sea of Egypt. The results indicated that the area is affected by sets of fault systems, which are mainly trending in the NNW-SSE, NW-SE and NE-SW directions. The results also delineated boundaries of a long and wide magnetic body on the offshore part of the study area. This basement intrusion is most probably related to the Red Sea rift and perhaps associated with structures higher up in the sedimentary section. As a result, the area above this anomaly is highly recommended for further oil exploration. This example illustrates that high-resolution aeromagnetic surveys can help greatly in delineating subsurface structure in the northern Red Sea of Egypt.
Waveform modelling of local earthquakes in southwest Japan
Authors: Abdelwahed Mohamed F. , Zhao Dapeng 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe crustal structure beneath southwest Japan is investigated through waveform modellings of four local crustal earthquakes by using the generalized ray theory. High-quality seismograms recorded by the Hi-net seismic network are used. The focal mechanism solutions of the events used are estimated by using the firstP-wave polarity data. Twenty-nine paths are used to characterize the crustal waveguide in SW Japan. Optimal 1-D velocity models for different paths are derived individually by waveform modelling. Synthetic tests are conducted to study the effects of different model parameters and to confirm the focal mechanism solutions. Modelling the waveforms individually is proven applicable for the heterogeneous regions. The resulted synthetics match the observed seismograms well. Considerable variations of the Conrad and Moho depths are found in the study area. The Conrad depth ranges from 14.8 to 19.7 km, and the Moho depth ranges from 28.4 to 33.4 km. Considerable variations in the crustal structure are found for the eastern portion of the study area where Biwa Lake lies. The effects of Biwa Lake on different paths are examined in detail.
Distribution of the East China Sea continental shelf basins and depths of magnetic sources
Authors: Lin Jing-Yi , Sibuet Jean-Claude , Hsu Shu-Kun 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The acoustic basement map of the East China Sea, established by the Shanghai Offshore Petroleum Bureau with all available industry seismic data, shows the existence of a 30-km-wide, 10-km-deep basin, that we named the Ho Basin. The Ho Basin belongs to a series of elongated deep basins extending over 600 km east of the Taiwan-Sinzi Ridge and flanked to the East by a ridge named the Longwan Ridge in its northern part. This new system of basin and ridge was probably formed during middle Miocene, sometimes in between rifting episodes occurring in the Taipei Basin and Okinawa Trough. It complements the already defined system of five belts of backarc basins and associated arc volcanic ridges in the East China Sea, which are progressively younger from the Mainland China shoreline (late Cretaceous/early Tertiary) to the Okinawa Trough (Present). In order to determine the crustal thickness beneath the East China Sea continental shelf, we used a power spectrum method to calculate the depth of the top (Zt) and the centroid (Zo) of the magnetic basement by fitting a straight line through the high- and low-wave number portions of the power spectrum, respectively. Then, the depth of the base (Zb) is estimated from Zt and Zo. After optimizing the size of the data squares, we demonstrate that, except for basins more than 10 km deep, Zt corresponds to the basement depths and Zb, the depth of the Curie point, to the Moho depth. As wide-angle reflection and refraction data are scarce in the East China Sea, this method provides a way to characterize the crustal thickness of the East China Sea and to compute the theoretical heat flow values.
GPS/Acoustic seafloor geodetic observation: method of data analysis and its application
Authors: Fujita Masayuki , Ishikawa Tadashi , Mochizuki Masashi , Sato Mariko , Toyama Shin-ichi , Katayama Masato , Kawai Koji , Matsumoto Yoshihiro , Yabuki Tetsuichiro , Asada Akira , Colombo Oscar L. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
We have been developing a system for detecting seafloor crustal movement by combining kinematic GPS and acoustic ranging techniques. A linear inversion method is adopted to determine the position of seafloor stations from coordinates of a moving survey vessel and measured travel times of acoustic waves in seawater. The positioning accuracy is substantially improved by estimating the temporal variation of the acoustic velocity structure. We apply our method to the ranging data acquired at the seafloor reference point, MYGI, located off Miyagi Prefecture, in northeast Japan, where a huge earthquake is expected to occur in the near future. A time series of horizontal coordinates of MYGI obtained from seven campaign observations for the period 2002–2005 exhibits a linear trend with a scattering rms of about 2 cm. A linear fit to the time series gives an intraplate crustal velocity of more than several centimeters per year towards the WNW, which implies strong interplate coupling around this region. The precision of each campaign solution was examined at MYGI and other seafloor reference points along the Nankai Trough through comparison of independent one-day subset solutions within the campaign. The resultant repeatability looks to be well-correlated with the temporal and spatial stability of the acoustic velocity structure in the seawater depending on the region as well as the season.
Vulcanian eruptions with dominant single force components observed during the Asama 2004 volcanic activity in Japan
Authors: Ohminato Takao , Takeo Minoru , Kumagai Hiroyuki , Yamashina Tadashi , Oikawa Jun , Koyama Etsuro , Tsuji Hiroshi , Urabe Taku 
Published: August 2014

AbstractOn September 1, 2004, Mt. Asama in central Japan erupted for the first time in 21 years. Between this moderate eruption and mid-November of the same year, 4 additional moderate eruptions occurred. We installed 8 broadband seismic stations in addition to the short period seismic network around the volcano and succeeded in recording the near-field seismic signals associated with the summit eruptions. The results of the waveform inversions clearly show that the force system exerted at the source region is dominated by vertical single force components. The source depths of the single force are shallower than 200 m from the bottom of the summit crater, and the order of magnitude of the single force is 1010–1011N. The source time history of each vertical single force component consists of two downward forces and one upward force. The initial downward force probably corresponds to the sudden removal of a lid capping the pressurized conduit. The drag force due to viscous magma moving upward in the conduit can explain the upward force. The correlation between the single force amplitudes and the amounts of volcanic deposits emitted from the summit crater are not necessarily positive, suggesting that the amount of deposits remaining within the summit crater may have played an important role in the excitation of the single force.
Energetic particle precipitation in the Brazilian geomagnetic anomaly during the “Bastille Day storm” of July 2000
Authors: Nishino Masanori , Makita Kazuo , Yumoto Kiyofumi , Miyoshi Yoshizumi , Schuch Nelson J. , Abdu Mangalathayil A. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Ionospheric absorption associated with a great geomagnetic storm on July 15–16, 2000 (the “Bastille Day storm”) was observed in the Brazilian geomagnetic anomaly using a two-dimensional 4 × 4 imaging riometer (IRIS). In the afternoon of July 15, weak absorption (≈0.2 dB) was observed during the initial phase of the storm; large spatial-scale absorption exceeded the IRIS field of view (330×330 km). During the sharp magnetic decrease in the main phase of the storm, absorption was intensified (<0.5 dB) in the evening, showing a sheet structure with ≈150 km latitudinal width and >330 km longitudinal elongation. Subsequently, absorption was intensified (≈1 dB), having a small spatial-scale (≈150 km) in the background sheet structure and a pronounced westward drift (≈570 m s-1). In association with large magnetic fluctuations in the Bz component of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), the ground magnetic variation in the night sector showed large positive swings during the initial to main phases of the storm. With the subsequent southward turning of the IMF Bz, the ground magnetic variation in the evening sector showed rapid storm development. Particle fluxes measured by a geosynchronous satellite (L =≈6.6) demonstrated large enhancements of low-energy protons (50–400 keV) and probably electrons (50–225 keV) during the storm’s initial phase. Particle fluxes from the low-altitude NOAA satellite (≈870 km) indicated the invasion of low-energy particles into the region of L < 2 during the main phase of the storm. These results indicate that low-energy particles injected into the outer radiation belt in association with frequent and strong substorm occurrences, were transported into the inner radiation belt through direct convective access by the storm-induced electric fields during the storm’s development. These particles then precipitated into the ionosphere over the Brazilian geomagnetic anomaly. Notably, the most intense absorption could be dominantly caused by proton precipitation with energies of ≈40 keV. Key words: Bastille Day storm, Brazilian geomagnetic anomaly, energetic particle precipitation, imaging riometer.
Theodolite-borne vector Overhauser magnetometer: DIMOVER
Authors: Sapunov V. , Rasson J. , Denisov A. , Saveliev D. , Kiselev S. , Denisova O. , Podmogov Y. , Khomutov S. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
This report covers results of the long-term research directed at developing an absolute vector proton magnetometer based on the switching of bias magnetic fields. The distinctive feature is the attempt of the installation of a miniature Overhauser sensor and optimized Garret solenoid directly on the telescope of the theodolite. Thus this design (Declination Inclination Modulus Overhauser magnetometer: DIMOVER) will complement the universally recognised DIflux absolute device by adding full vector measurement capability. Preliminary designs, which also can be interesting to the experts in vector proton magnetometers, are presented.
Report on upgrade of NIS magnetic observatories by the INTAS infrastructure action CRENEGON
Authors: Rasson J. L. , Potapov A. S. , Korepanov V. E. , Khomutov S. Y. , Krasnov V. M. , Bitterly J. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
We present the overall strategy used to upgrade 9 former USSR observatories to INTERMAGNET standards. The following aspects are discussed: application for funding to the INTAS European ad-hoc agency, choice of observatories to upgrade, choice of the instrumentation to purchase and to install, calibration of the instrumentation and used standards, back-ups, installation of the instrumentation and observatory real estate upgrade, acquisition and communication, training of the observers and documentation, evaluation of the upgrades and management of the project. Several observatories were successfully upgraded and we expect their INTERMAGNET certification soon.