bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of functional groups present in bigel and estimating their concentration by FTIR spectroscopy; experimental study
Authors: Noman Soaad 
Published: August 2024

Gel formulations of oleogel, hydrogel, and oleo-hydrogel (bigel) were evaluated as transdermal drug delivery systems, but recently various studies have proved that gel-based delivery systems are also able to improve the stability and bioavailability of many bioactive food ingredients. It has been proven that higher concentration of oleogel in bigel, precisely 7:3 OG:HG ratio, enhanced the viability of probiotic bacteria. And this study aims to identify all the organic compounds present in that bigel, determine their respective functional group and estimate their concentration. This work was an experimental research design conducted in Food Technology Laboratory at B.B. Ambedkar University with technical assistance provided by CytoGene Research and Development in Lucknow, India. The experimental work was conducted from January to April 2021. Spectroscopic technique was the primary analysing tool used which is based on the absorption or emission of IR radiation. Fourier Transform FT is an instrument that uses the mid-region of IR spectrum for qualitative and quantitative analysis of food. FTIR technique in food industry was basically established for quality control by evaluating industrially manufactured material, and can often serve as the first step in material analysis process (proximate analysis). The IR spectra of the sample in which %T was a function of wavenumber cm-1 had three main regions, from which the most important region (1500-3000 cm-1) had three peaks, by using the frequency range reference table, it was found that Alkyl group (methyl) and Carbonyl group (ester) were the functional groups of the sample. Absorbance was calculated using Beer Lambert Law. Lastly, the concentration for which a standard curve of Fatty Acid Methyl Ester FAME was used. 0.36 gmL-1 was the conc. of methyl and 0.14 was gmL-1 was the conc. of ester. This study concluded that, FTIR had shown to provide higher accuracy and a significant reduction in total analysis time, and the ability to perform a variety of common fat and oil analyses such as iodine value, saponification number and peroxide value by FTIR is a realistic possibility.
Evaluation of Novel Insecticides for Controlling Mango Leaf Hopper (Amritodes atkinsoni) in Mango (Mangifera indica) Cultivation
Authors: Mandal Sunil Kumar , Prasad Surendra , Kumar Manoj 
Published: August 2024

The study was carried out to the evaluation of newer insecticides molucules against mango leaf hopper, Amritodes atkinsoni Leth. infesting in Maldah. The treatments Thiomethoxam 25 WG (0.3 gm/L) and Imidacloprid 17.8 SL (0.3 ml/L) were found highest per cent reduction (87.74% and 86.08%) against mango leaf hopper. Moreover, Clothianidin 50 WDG (0.25 gm/L), Difentheuron 50 WP and Acetamiprid 20 SP (0.5 gm/L) were next effective treatments against mango leaf hopper i.e. 81.22%, 79.98% and 77.73%, respectively. The other treatments viz, Cypermethrin 10 EC (1.5 ml/L), Buprofezin 25 EC (1.0 ml/L) and Azadirachtin 3000 PPM (3 ml/L) were found least effective against mango leaf hopper over control. The significantly highest fruit yield and benefit cost ratio was also found in treatment Thiomethoxam 25 WG (232.67 kg/tree and 4.33:1) in compression to farmer’s practice (192.43 kg/tree and 2.16:1).
Effect of Different Plant Spacings on Growth and Yield of Blackgram Varieties (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper)
Authors: Taksalkar Bhagavat P. , Satale Bhimashankar M. , Pawar Avadhut D. 
Published: August 2024

A field investigation entitled as Evaluation of blackgram varieties (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper) under different plant spacings was conducted at Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Badnapur. The experimental field was levelled and well drained. The soil was clay loam in texture, low in available nitrogen, medium in available phosphorus, very high in available potassium and alkaline in reaction. The environmental conditions were moderately congenial for normal growth and maturity of blackgram crop. The experiment was laid out in a Factorial Split plot Design with and four different spacings, three different varieties which comprised twelve treatment combinations. Each experimental unit was repeated three times 5.4 m x 5.0 m size in gross plot and it was of 4.5 m x 4.6 m size in net plot. Sowing was done on 14th July, 2015 with three varieties BDU-1, TAU-1 and AKU-15. Sowing was done by dibbling method with different spacings of 30 cm x 10 cm, 30 cm x 20 cm, 45 cm x 10 cm and 45 cm x 20 cm. The RDF was applied before sowing. The recommended cultural practices and plant protection measures were under taken as per recommendation. Among différent varieties of blackgram, BDU-1 (V1) produced significantly higher growth characters such as plant height, number of functional leaves, number of branches, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, pod length, pod weight per plant, seed yield per plant and test weight (1000 seed weight g). The interaction effects of varieties x spacings were foundto be non-significant.
The endostructural pattern of a middle pleistocene human femoral diaphysis from the Karain E site (Southern Anatolia, Turkey)
Authors: Chevalier Tony , Özçelik Kadriye , de Lumley Marie‐Antoinette , Kösem Beray , de Lumley Henry , Yalçinkaya Işin , Taşkiran Harun 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTObjective:The human femur from Karain E Cave (Turkey) exhumed from a Mousterian level provided the opportunity to make an incursion into the structural morphology of a late adolescent, or a young adult, femoral shaft from the late Middle Pleistocene of Anatolia.Methods:Considering the chrono‐ecogeographical context, this study focuses particularly on the endostructural morphological similarities between Karain and Neanderthal fossils.Results:Comparative analysis shows that some femoral features of the Karain specimen are frequently observed in Neanderthals, in comparison to some Middle Pleistocene Homo and Middle/Upper Paleolithic modern humans. In particular, we note a high degree of circularity and a strong midshaft posteromedial reinforcement of cortical thickness on the medial side. According to the mapping of cortical thickness, this latter feature can be related to the medial spiral distribution pattern of cortical thickness in the mid‐proximal shaft, which is present at Karain and in all Neanderthals available for this study. This spiral distribution was not identified in recent modern humans and may be absent from ancient Homo with femoral pilaster.Conclusions:The endostructural signature of Karain could indicate a similar biomechanical strain system to that of Neanderthals that could be linked to body shape. However, the presence of posteromedial reinforcement in Berg Aukas may point to an ancestral feature and may be independent of latitude. A larger comparative sample should further clarify the taxonomical, biomechanical, and chrono‐ecogeographical origins of the structural femoral features observed in an evolutionary Neanderthal context from MIS 7‐9 in Karain. Am J Phys Anthropol 157:648–658, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Catalytic Intramolecular Aminofluorination, Oxyfluorination, and Carbofluorination with a Stable and Versatile Hypervalent Fluoroiodine Reagent
Authors: Yuan Weiming , Szabó Kálmán J. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractApplication of a fluoroiodine analogue of the Togni reagent was studied in fluorocyclization reactions. In the presence of a transition‐metal catalyst the applied fluoroiodine reagent can be used for aminofluorination, oxyfluorination, and carbofluorination reactions. The described procedure has a very broad synthetic scope for preparation of functionalized hetero‐ and isocyclic compounds having a tertiary fluorine substituent.
Preparation of agcl/polyaniline nanocomposite in polyvinylalcohol matrix and its electrocatalytic activity
Authors: Fathalipour Soghra , Massoumi Bakhshali 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTAgCl/polyaniline (PANI) nanocomposite was successfully synthesized in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix via a two‐stage process. Firstly, positively‐charged Ag nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared in the presence of 4‐aminothiophenole (4‐ATP) as stabilizer. Then, polymerization of aniline was carried out in PVA matrix in the presence of Ag NPs, HCl, and ammonium persulfate as oxidant. HCl solution played an important role in the preparation of resulted nanocomposite. Removal or changing of acidic medium to camphorsulfonic acid influenced on the structure and morphology of obtained composites. The composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible spectra, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Moreover, AgCl/PANI/PVA nanocomposite was immobilized on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode and showed enhanced electrocatalytic activity for the oxidation of dopamine (DA) in a neutral solution. The peak currents of differential pulse voltammograms of DA increased linearly with concentration in the ranges of 80–250 μM DA and the detection limit for DA was 17.2 μM. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42366.
Mechanical and thermal properties of polypropylene/modified basalt fabric composites
Authors: Guo Jing , Mu Siyang , Yu Chunfang , Hu Chengnv , Guan Fucheng , Zhang Hong , Gong Yumei 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTBasalt fabric (BF) was first treated with silane coupling agent KH550, modified basalt fabric (MBF) was obtained. Then MBF were molded with polypropylene (PP) matrix, and polypropylene/modified basalt fabrics (PP/MBF) composites were obtained. The influence of concentration and treating time of KH550 on MBF were characterized by hydrophilicity and lipophilicity. The tensile strength and morphology of basalt fabric were tested by single filament strength tester and scanning electron microscopy. The mechanical properties of composites were measured with electronic universal testing machine and impact testing machine, and the thermal properties were tested by thermogravimetric analysis and dynamic mechanical analysis. The results showed that the lipophilicity of MBF is improved significantly by KH550 while the tensile is nearly damaged. The mechanical properties of composites are larger than that of pure PP, among which the impact property was improved the most, showing 194.12% enhancement. The thermal stability and dynamic viscoelasticity were better than pure PP; furthermore, the concentration of KH550 virtually had no effect on the thermal stability. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42504.
Influences of the phenolic curative content and blend proportions on the properties of dynamically vulcanized natural rubber/acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene blends
Authors: Wongthong Pinyo , Nakason Charoen , Pan Qinmin , Rempel Garry L. , Kiatkamjornwong Suda 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTThe vulcanization of natural rubber (NR)‐blended acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) was carried out with a phenolic curing agent by a melt‐mixing process. The NR compound was first prepared before blending with ABS. The effects of the phenolic curative contents (10, 15, and 20 phr) and blend proportions (NR/ABS ratio = 50 : 50, 60 : 40, and 70 : 30) on the mechanical, dynamic, thermal, and morphological properties of the vulcanized NR/ABS blends were investigated. The tensile strength and hardness of the blends increased with increasing ABS content, whereas the elongation at break decreased. The strength property resulting from the thermoplastic component and the vulcanized NR was an essential component for improving the elasticity of the blends. These blends showed a greater elastic response than the neat ABS. The thermal stability of the blends increased with increasing ABS component. Scanning electron micrographs of the blends showed a two‐phase morphology system. The vulcanized 60 : 40 NR/ABS blend with 15‐phr phenolic resin showed a uniform styrene‐co‐acrylonitrile phase dispersed in the vulcanized NR phase; it provided better dispersion between the NR and ABS phases, and this resulted in superior elastic properties. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42520.
CFD Simulation of Two‐Phase Flow Patterns in the Gas Channel of a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell
Authors: Guelli Ulson de Souza Selene M. A. , Mancusi Erasmo , Fontana Éliton , Ulson de Souza Antônio Augusto 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWater management plays a critical role in the operation of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). The liquid water emerging from the gas diffusion layer (GDL) in the gas flow channel of a PEMFC gives rise to liquid‐phase flow patterns, which affect the fuel cell performance. The role of the surface properties of the GDL was investigated through numerical analysis by varying the hydrophobic characteristic of the GDL. The effect of different channel geometries was also taken into account by considering a classical rectangular channel and a tapered one. Tapering the gas flow channel increases the gas velocity and thus the water removal, but it also raises the pressure drop. The water removal rate is enhanced by an increase in the hydrophobic properties of the wall.
Photochemical Micro Continuous‐Flow Synthesis of Noble Metal Nanoparticles of the Platinum Group
Authors: Hafermann Lars , Köhler J. Michael 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe photochemical synthesis of small metal nanoparticles (Pd, Pt, Rh, Ir) was transmitted into a micro segmented flow process to control all aspects of the reaction. Solutions of noble metal salt, a photoinitiator, and a stabilizer were combined in a cross mixer and transferred in micro fluid segments. The start and termination of the photoinitiation, and thus the reduction of the noble metal salt, are defined by the entrance and the exit of fluid segments into the UV‐ray of the irradiation source. The time of irradiation can be controlled by the flow rate. As a result, noble metal nanoparticles with comparatively high size homogeneity were obtained. The small nanoparticles are suitable as seed particles for the formation of larger particles with adjustable diameter.
Heat shock protein 60 levels in tissue and circulating exosomes in human large bowel cancer before and after ablative surgery
Authors: Campanella Claudia , Rappa Francesca , Sciumè Carmelo , Marino Gammazza Antonella , Barone Rosario , Bucchieri Fabio , David Sabrina , Curcurù Giuseppe , Caruso Bavisotto Celeste , Pitruzzella Alessandro , Geraci Girolamo , Modica Giuseppe , Farina Felicia , Zummo Giovanni , Fais Stefano , Conway de Macario Everly , Macario Alberto J.L. , Cappello Francesco 
Published: June 2015

BACKGROUNDHeat shock protein 60 (Hsp60) is a chaperonin involved in tumorigenesis, but its participation in tumor development and progression is not well understood and its value as a tumor biomarker has not been fully elucidated. In the current study, the authors presented evidence supporting the theory that Hsp60 has potential as a biomarker as well as a therapeutic target in patients with large bowel cancer.METHODSThe authors studied a population of 97 subjects, including patients and controls. Immunomorphology, Western blot analysis, and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction were performed on tissue specimens. Exosomes were isolated from blood and characterized by electron microscopy, biochemical tests, and Western blot analysis.RESULTSHsp60 was found to be increased in cancerous tissue, in which it was localized in the tumor cell plasma membrane, and in the interstitium associated with cells of the immune system, in which it was associated with exosomes liberated by tumor cells and, as such, circulated in the blood. An interesting finding was that these parameters returned to normal shortly after tumor removal.CONCLUSIONSThe data from the current study suggested that Hsp60 is a good candidate for theranostics applied to patients with large bowel carcinoma and encourage similar research among patients with other tumors in which Hsp60 has been implicated. Cancer 2015;121:3230–3239. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Propeller‐Shaped D3h‐Symmetric Macrocycles with Three 1,8‐Diazaanthracene Blades as Building Blocks for Photochemically Induced Growth Reactions
Authors: Servalli Marco , Gyr Luzia , Sakamoto Junji , Schlüter A. Dieter 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe efficient synthesis of new D3h‐symmetric propeller‐shaped, double‐decker compounds with three vertically standing diazaanthracene units arranged so as to allow for photochemically induced intermolecular growth reaction by [4+4] cycloaddition is presented. The propellers bear alkyl chains of four different lengths (ethyl, propyl, hexyl, dodecyl) to have flexibility in creating ordered arrays by packing them into single crystals, onto solid substrates or into mesophases. All propellers are obtained in only six steps and on a 50–200 mg scale. The sequence passes through the ditriflated 1,8‐diazaanthracene derivatives 6 which are a very versatile building block for many purposes and were therefore synthesized on a 30 g scale.
The Ortho Effect on the Acidic and Alkaline Hydrolysis of Substituted Formanilides
Authors: Desai Salil Dileep , Kirsch Lee E. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTThe kinetics of formanilides hydrolysis were determined under first‐order conditions in hydrochloric acid (0.01–8 M, 20–60°C) and in hydroxide solutions (0.01–3 M, 25 and 40°C). Under acidic conditions, second‐order specific acid catalytic constants were used to construct Hammett plots. The ortho effect was analyzed using the Fujita–Nishioka method. In alkaline solutions, hydrolysis displayed both first‐ and second‐order dependence in the hydroxide concentration. The specific base catalytic constants were used to construct Hammett plots. Ortho effects were evaluated for the first‐order dependence on the hydroxide concentration. Formanilide hydrolyzes in acidic solutions by specific acid catalysis, and the kinetic study results were consistent with the AAC2 mechanism. Ortho substitution led to a decrease in the rates of reaction due to steric inhibition of resonance, retardation due to steric bulk, and through space interactions. The primary hydrolytic pathway in alkaline solutions was consistent with a modified BAC2 mechanism. The Hammett plots for hydrolysis of meta‐ and para‐substituted formanilides in 0.10 M sodium hydroxide solutions did not show substituent effects; however, ortho substitution led to a decrease in rate constants proportional to the steric bulk of the substituent.
Histopathology of idiopathic lateral skull base defects
Authors: Remenschneider Aaron K. , Kozin Elliott D. , Curtin Hugh , Santos Felipe 
Published: June 2015

Objectives/HypothesisThe objective of this study was to utilize techniques of otopathology to gain insight into the pathogenesis, sites of origin, and associated findings in idiopathic lateral skull base defects.Study DesignHistopathologic analysis of temporal bones from an otopathology repository.MethodsSpecimens from a human temporal bone repository were investigated for clinical or otopathologic evidence of occult bony dehiscence indicating communication between the subarachnoid space and air cells of the temporal bone. Specimens were examined by light microscopy, organized by fistula site, and histopathologically described. Premortem patient demographics and clinical history was reviewed.ResultsSpecimens from 52 individuals met inclusion criteria. Three distinct fistula pathways were determined: transdural, labyrinthine, and perilabyrinthine. Transdural fistulae occur most commonly as the result of arachnoid granulations along the middle or posterior fossa dura (n = 30) and are frequently incidental findings in specimens of older individuals (median age at death: 81 years). Labyrinthine fistulae (n = 10) were noted with cochlear malformations when modiolar atresia permits cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow into a common intracochlear scala and oval window perilymphatic fistula results. Perilabyrinthine fistulae (n = 7) were observed through three congenitally unfused tracts: the tympanomeningeal fissure, the petromastoid canal, or an extension of the subarachnoid space into the fallopian canal.ConclusionsIdiopathic lateral skull base defects occur in three distinct anatomic locations with consistent histopathologic findings. In the absence of clear radiographic localization, patient age and associated cochlear defects may assist in the determination of the site of CSF leak. These data have implications for surgical approaches of CSF fistula repair.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 125:1798–1806, 2015
The Role of Context Intensity and Working Memory Capacity in the Consumer's Processing of Brand Information in Entertainment Media
Authors: Rumpf Christopher , Noël Benjamin , Breuer Christoph , Memmert Daniel 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTDespite the increasing use of entertainment media such as movies, sport telecasts, or video games as a way to get in touch with consumers, the understanding of the cognitive processing of brand information in these environments is still limited. This current research investigates the role of two moderating factors on brand information processing in entertainment media: Context intensity and working memory capacity. Context intensity relates to the perceived level of excitement in a communication environment, while working memory capacity indicates a consumer's ability to control his or her cognitive resources. The results of an experimental laboratory study reveal that context intensity negatively affects visual attention for brand information (i.e., intensity attention assumption), while working memory capacity has a positive influence on memory for brands (i.e., capacity memory assumption). These findings hold important implications for marketing management: First, managers should place brand information in situations where context intensity is rather low in order to facilitate the target group's visual attention. Second, the frequency and duration of brand information should be adjusted to the target group's ability to cognitively process such information.
Bacillus cereus causing widespread necrotising skin infection in a diabetic person
Authors: Michelotti Flurina , Bodansky H Jonathan 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBacillus cereus is a Gram‐positive aerobic bacterium recognised for causing toxin‐mediated gastrointestinal infections. We report a unique case of B. cereus cutaneous infection causing extensive skin necrosis in a person with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Examination revealed erythema, pitting oedema and right ankle tenderness. Elevated inflammatory markers supported a diagnosis of cellulitis, and intravenous flucloxacillin was initiated as per local hospital guidelines. Clinical response was poor with the development of spreading cellulitis, desquamated blisters and superficial necrosis. In response to swab culture and sensitivity results, vancomycin was commenced resulting in gradual resolution.Cutaneous necrotising B. cereus infection in a diabetic patient is unusual. The only other reported case was of a necrotising fasciitis affecting the arm, resulting in tissue loss. The challenge lies in recognising this atypical pathogen and initiating sensitive antimicrobial therapy which includes vancomycin, ciprofloxacin, doxycycline and novel agents such as linezolid. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons.