bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enthusiasm for cancer screening in Great Britain: a general population survey
Authors: Waller J , Osborne K , Wardle J 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

Background:
With growing concerns about risk of harm from cancer screening, particularly from overdiagnosis, this study aimed to assess public attitudes to cancer screening in Great Britain.

Methods:
We used a population-based survey to assess attitudes to cancer screening, screening history and demographic characteristics, in men and women aged 50–80 years. Data were collected using face-to-face computer-assisted interviews in 2012.

Results:
In our sample of 2024, attitudes to cancer screening were overwhelmingly positive with almost 90% believing that screening is ‘almost always a good idea’ and 49% saying they would be tested for cancer even if it was untreatable. Attitudes were particularly positive among those who had previously taken part in breast or colorectal screening.

Conclusions:
Our findings suggest that attitudes to cancer screening are very positive in Great Britain. Widespread enthusiasm for cancer screening may hamper attempts to encourage a greater appreciation of the limitations and potential harms of screening.
Relationships between protein-encoding gene abundance and corresponding process are commonly assumed yet rarely observed
Authors: Rocca Jennifer D , Hall Edward K , Lennon Jay T , Evans Sarah E , Waldrop Mark P , Cotner James B , Nemergut Diana R , Graham Emily B , Wallenstein Matthew D 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
For any enzyme-catalyzed reaction to occur, the corresponding protein-encoding genes and transcripts are necessary prerequisites. Thus, a positive relationship between the abundance of gene or transcripts and corresponding process rates is often assumed. To test this assumption, we conducted a meta-analysis of the relationships between gene and/or transcript abundances and corresponding process rates. We identified 415 studies that quantified the abundance of genes or transcripts for enzymes involved in carbon or nitrogen cycling. However, in only 59 of these manuscripts did the authors report both gene or transcript abundance and rates of the appropriate process. We found that within studies there was a significant but weak positive relationship between gene abundance and the corresponding process. Correlations were not strengthened by accounting for habitat type, differences among genes or reaction products versus reactants, suggesting that other ecological and methodological factors may affect the strength of this relationship. Our findings highlight the need for fundamental research on the factors that control transcription, translation and enzyme function in natural systems to better link genomic and transcriptomic data to ecosystem processes.
Dietary cholesterol directly induces acute inflammasome-dependent intestinal inflammation
Authors: Progatzky Fränze , Sangha Navjyot J. , Yoshida Nagisa , McBrien Marie , Cheung Jackie , Shia Alice , Scott James , Marchesi Julian R. , Lamb Jonathan R. , Bugeon Laurence , Dallman Margaret J. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractProlonged ingestion of a cholesterol- or saturated fatty acid-enriched diet induces chronic, often systemic, auto-inflammatory responses resulting in significant health problems worldwide. In vivo information regarding the local and direct inflammatory effect of these dietary components in the intestine and, in particular, on the intestinal epithelium is lacking. Here we report that both mice and zebrafish exposed to high-fat (HFDs) or high-cholesterol (HCDs) diets develop acute innate inflammatory responses within hours, reflected in the localized interleukin-1β-dependent accumulation of myeloid cells in the intestine. Acute HCD-induced intestinal inflammation is dependent on cholesterol uptake via Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 and inflammasome activation involving apoptosis-associated Speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain, which leads to Caspase-1 activity in intestinal epithelial cells. Extended exposure to HCD results in localized, inflammation-dependent, functional dysregulation as well as systemic pathologies. Our model suggests that dietary cholesterol initiates intestinal inflammation in epithelial cells.
Social networks in primates: smart and tolerant species have more efficient networks
Authors: Pasquaretta Cristian , Levé Marine , Claidière Nicolas , van de Waal Erica , Whiten Andrew , MacIntosh Andrew J. J. , Pelé Marie , Bergstrom Mackenzie L. , Borgeaud Christèle , Brosnan Sarah F. , Crofoot Margaret C. , Fedigan Linda M. , Fichtel Claudia , Hopper Lydia M. , Mareno Mary Catherine , Petit Odile , Schnoell Anna Viktoria , di Sorrentino Eugenia Polizzi , Thierry Bernard , Tiddi Barbara , Sueur Cédric 
Published: December 2014

AbstractNetwork optimality has been described in genes, proteins and human communicative networks. In the latter, optimality leads to the efficient transmission of information with a minimum number of connections. Whilst studies show that differences in centrality exist in animal networks with central individuals having higher fitness, network efficiency has never been studied in animal groups. Here we studied 78 groups of primates (24 species). We found that group size and neocortex ratio were correlated with network efficiency. Centralisation (whether several individuals are central in the group) and modularity (how a group is clustered) had opposing effects on network efficiency, showing that tolerant species have more efficient networks. Such network properties affecting individual fitness could be shaped by natural selection. Our results are in accordance with the social brain and cultural intelligence hypotheses, which suggest that the importance of network efficiency and information flow through social learning relates to cognitive abilities.
Helical buckling of actin inside filopodia generates traction
Authors: Leijnse Natascha , Oddershede Lene B. , Bendix Poul M. 
Published: December 2014

Significance
Filopodia are essential membrane protrusions that facilitate cellular sensing and interaction with the environment. The mechanical properties of filopodia are crucial for their ability to push and pull on external objects and are attributed to actin dynamics. We confirm the presence of F-actin inside extended filopodia and reveal a new mechanism by which actin can exert traction forces on external objects. This mechanism is mediated by rotation and helical buckling, which cause shortening and retraction of the actin shaft. By imaging of F-actin and simultaneous force spectroscopy, we reveal and detail how force propagates through this spiral actin structure and show how torsional twist of the actin shaft is translated into a traction force at the filopodial tip.
Fear and C-reactive protein cosynergize annual pulse increases in healthy adults
Authors: Shenhar-Tsarfaty Shani , Yayon Nadav , Waiskopf Nir , Shapira Itzhak , Toker Sharon , Zaltser David , Berliner Shlomo , Ritov Ya'acov , Soreq Hermona 
Published: December 2014

Significance
Increased heart rate predicts all-cause mortality; however, the major causes for elevated basal heart rate values and annual changes in them have not been systematically studied, possibly because of the high individual variability involved. Our study addressed the question, “which physiological and psychological parameters determine basal pulse and its annual changes?,” in a cohort of 17,380 apparently healthy volunteers. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first statistics-based search for the major interactions between physiological and psychological determinants of basal pulse and annual pulse changes; it indicates, perhaps not surprisingly, that consistent exposure to terror threats ignites fear-induced exacerbation of preexisting neuro-immune risks of all-cause mortality and proposes a set of risk-predicting parameters that may have translational value.
Arabidopsis
ribosomal proteins control vacuole trafficking and developmental programs through the regulation of lipid metabolism
Authors: Li Ruixi , Sun Ruobai , Hicks Glenn R. , Raikhel Natasha V. 
Published: December 2014

Significance
Auxin is an important phytohormone that regulates almost all aspects of plant growth and development. Ribosome proteins serve as translational regulators of auxin response. This work highlights the significance of lipid metabolism in the downstream of ribosome protein function to link auxin-regulated developmental patterning with endomembrane trafficking. Our work sheds light on a novel link between auxin signaling, ribosome function, and lipid metabolism.
Peer review: still king in the digital age
Authors: NICHOLAS David , WATKINSON Anthony , JAMALI Hamid R. , HERMAN Eti , TENOPIR Carol , VOLENTINE Rachel , ALLARD Suzie , LEVINE Kenneth 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTThe article presents one of the main findings of an international study of 4,000 academic researchers that examined how trustworthiness is determined in the digital environment when it comes to scholarly reading, citing, and publishing. The study shows that peer review is still the most trustworthy characteristic of all. There is, though, a common perception that open access journals are not peer reviewed or do not have proper peer‐review systems. Researchers appear to have moved inexorably from a print‐based system to a digital system, but it has not significantly changed the way they decide what to trust. They do not trust social media. Only a minority – although significantly mostly young and early career researchers – thought that social media are anything other than more appropriate to personal interactions and peripheral to their professional/academic lives. There are other significant differences, according to the age of the researcher. Thus, in regard to choosing an outlet for publication of their work, young researchers are much less concerned with the fact that it is peer reviewed.
Changes in the role of the commissioning editor in academic book publishing
Authors: DODDS Francis 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTThis article reviews research on the role of the commissioning editor in academic book publishing. It argues that there has been a historic shift from a primarily ‘gatekeeper’ role to a more proactive role in shaping what authors write, driven by the requirements of business strategy, the need to focus more closely on end‐user needs, and, increasingly, by the new challenges of commissioning within a digital environment.
Predatory journals and their article publishing charges
Authors: XIA Jingfeng 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTThis study examines the payment policies of a list of standalone predatory open access journals available on scholarlyoa.com. It is found that 72% do charge article publication fees (APCs), which is a higher percentage than found in DOAJ journals. The mean number of articles published during 2013 was 227, but ranged from 4 to 2,286 articles. The majority of journals charge low APCs and can be assumed to have modest annual incomes. There was no correlation between the amount of APC charged and the number of articles published. Comparing the number of journals charging APCs compared to the percentage from DOAJ, the findings suggest a connection between predatory practices and charging author fees. However, a comprehensive assessment of the dynamics of open access journal publishing beyond author charges should be done to avoid using APCs alone as a measure of whether a journal is predatory or not.
Prey density and distribution drive the three‐dimensional foraging strategies of the largest filter feeder
Authors: Goldbogen Jeremy A. , Hazen Elliott L. , Friedlaender Ari S. , Calambokidis John , DeRuiter Stacy L. , Stimpert Alison K. , Southall Brandon L. 
Published: December 2014

Summary

Despite their importance in determining the rate of both energy gain and expenditure, how the fine‐scale kinematics of foraging are modified in response to changes in prey abundance and distribution remain poorly understood in many animal ecosystems.

In the marine environment, bulk‐filter feeders rely on dense aggregations of prey for energetically efficient foraging. Rorqual whales (Balaenopteridae) exhibit a unique form of filter feeding called lunge feeding, a process whereby discrete volumes of prey‐laden water are intermittently engulfed and filtered. In many large rorqual species the size of engulfed water mass is commensurate with the whale's body size, yet is engulfed in just a few seconds. This filter‐feeding mode thus requires precise coordination of the body and enlarged engulfment apparatus to maximize capture efficiency.

Previous studies from whale‐borne tags revealed that many rorqual species perform rolling behaviours when foraging. It has been hypothesized that such acrobatic manoeuvres may be required for efficient prey capture when prey manifest in small discrete patches, but to date there has been no comprehensive analysis of prey patch characteristics during lunge feeding events. We developed a null hypothesis that blue whale kinematics are independent of prey patch characteristics.

To test this hypothesis, we investigated the foraging performance of blue whales, the largest filter‐feeding predator and their functional response to variability in their sole prey source, krill using a generalized additive mixed model framework. We used a combination of animal‐borne movement sensors and hydroacoustic prey mapping to simultaneously quantify the three‐dimensional foraging kinematics of blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus) and the characteristics of targeted krill patches.

Our analyses rejected our null hypothesis, showing that blue whales performed more acrobatic manoeuvres, including 180° and 360° rolling lunges, when foraging on low‐density krill patches. In contrast, whales targeting high‐density krill patches involved less manoeuvring during lunges and higher lunge feeding rates.

These data demonstrate that blue whales exhibit a range of adaptive foraging strategies that maximize prey capture in different ecological contexts. Because first principles indicate that manoeuvres require more energy compared with straight trajectories, our data reveal a previously unrecognized level of complexity in predator–prey interactions that are not accounted for in optimal foraging and energetic efficiency models.
A Case Example of Asphyxia Due to Occupational Exposure to Airborne Chemicals and Review of Workplace Fatalities
Authors: Frame Meredith H. , Schandl Cynthia A. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAlthough worker injury and fatalities have decreased since adoption of the Occupational Safety and Health Act in 1970, it remains an important safety issue. This article describes a 27‐year‐old white male who died from occupational exposure to airborne chemicals. Several trends in the last several decades, both in the types of injuries and the occupations associated with fatalities, are noted. Additionally, individual risk factors such as age, gender, chronic disease, smoking, and alcohol and drug use are implicated in worker health and safety. The role of the forensic pathologist in the investigation of workplace deaths is highlighted, in addition to the future of occupational safety and current improvements brought about by such incidents.
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of 1,4‐dihydropyridine Derivatives as Potent Antitubercular Agents
Authors: Desai Nisheeth C. , Trivedi Amit R. , Somani Hardik C. , Bhatt Kandarp A. 
Published: December 2014

A series of novel 1,4‐dihydropyridine‐3,5‐dicarbamoyl derivatives bearing an imidazole nucleus at C‐4 position were synthesized in excellent yields via multicomponent Hantzsch reaction. The newly synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and mass spectroscopy. The synthesized compounds 3a‐p were screened for antitubercular activity. Among all the screened compounds, compounds 3j and 3m showed most prominent activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis with minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.02 μg/mL and SI > 500, making it more potent than first‐line antitubercular drug isoniazid. In addition, these compounds displayed relatively low cytotoxicity.
Oxidized Titanium Implants Enhance Osseointegration via Mechanisms InvolvingRANK/RANKL/OPGRegulation
Authors: Lennerås Maria , Palmquist Anders , Norlindh Birgitta , Emanuelsson Lena , Thomsen Peter , Omar Omar 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe role of implant surface properties for bone formation and bone remodeling, that is, the major events during osseointegration, are incompletely understood.PurposeThis experimental study aimed to investigate the relation between molecular and morphological patterns at the bone interface for machined and oxidized implants.Materials and MethodsMachined and anodically oxidized titanium implants were inserted in rat tibiae. The implants and surrounding tissue were retrieved at 1, 3, 6, 14, or 28 days for gene expression, histology, histomorphometry, backscatter scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy.ResultsCompared with machined‐surface implants, a higher degree of mineralized bone was found in contact with the oxidized‐surface implants. After 3 days, cells adherent to the oxidized implants demonstrated a markedly higher expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa‐B(RANK), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa‐Bligand (RANKL), and osteoprotegerin (OPG). Whereas theOPGexpression was higher at the machined implants at 6, 14, and 28 days, a higherRANKL/OPGratio was detected at the oxidized implants. Between 3 and 14 days, both implants demonstrated a temporal increase inRANKL/OPG, corresponding to the remodeling phase at the bone‐implant interface. For both implant types, theRANKL/OPGratio sharply decreased to a low level after 28 days.ConclusionsThe present results show that oxidized implants rapidly promote a high degree of mineralized bone apposition to the surface. As determined by the gene expression data, the mechanisms involve an early induction of osteoclastic differentiation and subsequently more intensive bone remodeling, which accelerates the maturation of the bone‐implant interface. The present study suggests that theRANKL/OPGratio is a sensitive indicator for monitoring the remodeling process during osseointegration.
The exercise heart rate profile in master athletes compared to healthy controls
Authors: Kwon Osung , Park Saejong , Kim Young‐Joo , Min Sun‐Yang , Kim Yoo Ri , Nam Gi‐Byoung , Choi Kee‐Joon , Kim You‐Ho 
Published: December 2014

SummaryEndurance exercise protects the heart via effects on autonomic control of heart rate (HR); however, its effects on HR indices in healthy middle‐aged men are unclear. This study compared HR profiles, including resting HR, increase in HR during exercise and HR recovery after exercise, in middle‐aged athletes and controls. Fifty endurance‐trained athletes and 50 controls (all male; mean age, 48·7 ± 5·8 years) performed an incremental symptom‐limited exercise treadmill test. The electrocardiographic findings and HR profiles were evaluated. Maximal O2 uptake (52·6 ± 7·0 versus 34·8 ± 4·5 ml kg−1 min−1; P<0·001) and the metabolic equivalent of task (15·4 ± 1·6 versus 12·2 ± 1·5; P<0·001) were significantly higher in athletes than in controls. Resting HR was significantly lower in athletes than in controls (62·8 ± 6·7 versus 74·0 ± 10·4 beats per minute (bpm), respectively; P<0·001). Athletes showed a greater increase in HR during exercise than controls (110·1 ± 11·0 versus 88·1 ± 15·4 bpm; P<0·001); however, there was no significant between‐group difference in HR recovery at 1 min after cessation of exercise (22·9 ± 5·6 versus 21·3 ± 6·7 bpm; P = 0·20). Additionally, athletes showed a lower incidence of premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) during exercise (0·0% versus 24·0%; P<0·001). Healthy middle‐aged men participating in regular endurance exercise showed more favourable exercise HR profiles and a lower incidence of PVCs during exercise than sedentary men. These results reflect the beneficial effect of endurance training on autonomic control of the heart.
Effect of organic matter on arsenic(V) and antimony(V) adsorption in soils
Authors: Dousova B. , Buzek F. , Herzogova L. , Machovic V. , Lhotka M. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryThe interaction of toxic oxyanions with organic matter can affect their stability and binding mechanisms in soils. The adsorption/desorption properties of arsenic (AsV)/antimony (SbV) oxyanions were tested with two types of soil with a variable content of natural organic matter (NOM). Sample JEZ (I) represented a locality near a brown‐coal power plant, and therefore formerly exposed to large amounts of atmospheric pollution, while sample LIZ (II) originated in an uncontaminated region without anthropogenic impact. Soil samples were investigated from the organic O and mineral B horizons. Different As/Sb fixations were indicated by their different adsorption affinity to O and B horizons. Arsenic as AsV was strongly adsorbed in B horizons, while antimony as SbV was predominantly bound in O horizons. The sorption followed the Langmuir model with maximum adsorption capacities of 1.4 × 10−2 mmol g−1 for As and 1.0 × 10−2 mmol g−1 for Sb adsorptions. The release of As and Sb to distilled water and 0.1 m KCl illustrated the significantly larger stability of As and Sb oxyanions in ionic solutions, where available ions prevented the aggregation of organic matter, thus maintaining the balanced distribution of surface charge. Distilled water with a pH of about 6 supported a negative surface charge density and enhanced the release of As/Sb oxyanions.
Deconstructing environmental predictability: seasonality, environmental colour and the biogeography of marine life histories
Authors: Marshall Dustin J. , Burgess Scott C. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractEnvironmental predictability is predicted to shape the evolution of life histories. Two key types of environmental predictability, seasonality and environmental colour, may influence life‐history evolution independently but formal considerations of both and how they relate to life history are exceedingly rare. Here, in a global biogeographical analysis of over 800 marine invertebrates, we explore the relationships between both forms of environmental predictability and three fundamental life‐history traits: location of larval development (aplanktonic vs. planktonic), larval developmental mode (feeding vs. non‐feeding) and offspring size. We found that both dispersal potential and offspring size related to environmental predictability, but the relationships depended on both the environmental factor as well as the type of predictability. Environments that were more seasonal in food availability had a higher prevalence of species with a planktonic larval stage. Future studies should consider both types of environmental predictability as each can strongly affect life‐history evolution.