bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ecological and economic predictors of métiers in a mixed fishery
Authors: Oostdijk Maartje , Baranowska Elzbieta , Rybicki Sandra , Kasper Jacob M , Agnarsson Sveinn , Elvarsson Bjarki Þór , Woods Pamela J 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Marine ecosystem-based management requires the understanding of species interactions and what species are harvested together. This study combines two major questions: the first regarding what drives the probability that a métier (species assemblages, with spatial distribution and seasonality) will be observed as catch, and the second regarding the level of control fishers have over this catch mix. To address these questions, we analysed highly resolved logbook records of an Arctic and sub-Arctic industrial demersal fishery operating in Icelandic waters. The study employs a multi-class random forest model to identify predictors of métier occurrence and consistency of predictions using a dataset of &gt;100 000 hauls over 4 years (2016–2019). The overall accuracy of the random forest model is 69–70%, indicating moderate predictability of catch mix based on known environmental, vessel, and company characteristics. We find that habitat-related variables (depth and temperature) are most important to predict catch mix. Still, company, trip, and vessel characteristics are also very important (e.g. vessel and trip length, distance to port). Beyond these more traditional bio-economic variables, important predictors include variables related to harvesting strategies, such as quota diversity and a vessel’s mobility. These findings contribute to a fuller picture of fisher decision-making in mixed fisheries.
Temporal resource continuity for egg parasitoids of Dalbulus maidis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) during winter on irrigated maize crops and edge grasses
Authors: Moya-Raygoza Gustavo 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Little is known about winter-season parasitism of eggs of the corn leafhopper Dalbulus maidis DeLong (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), an important pest of maize throughout the Americas. Our study, conducted in Mexico, aimed to characterize winter-season parasitism of corn leafhopper eggs on maize crops cultivated with drip irrigation and on wild grasses that grow on the edges of maize crops when maize is not present. Maize leaves baited with D. maidis eggs were used to trap the egg parasitoids in the field. In the first year (2022), parasitism of D. maidis eggs was investigated in maize fields planted contiguously on different dates (asynchronous planting). In the second year (2023), parasitism of D. maidis eggs was evaluated in edge grasses and in adjacent maize crops planted on the same date (synchronous). The highest percentage of parasitism (53%), percentage of emergence, and total abundance of egg parasitoids were found in asynchronous maize fields. Here, Anagrus virlai Triapitsyn (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), Paracentrobia subflava (Girault) (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), and Pseudoligosita sp. (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) wasps were found parasitizing the D. maidis eggs, with P. subflava being the most abundant. In wild edge grasses, only P. subflava was found, showing low levels of parasitism, while in synchronous maize, P. subflava increased its percentage of parasitism (up to 37%), percentage of emergence, and abundance, during winter. These results suggest that P. subflava acts as an efficient biological control agent of D. maidis in irrigation-grown maize crops during the winter season, and that edge grasses are overwinter habitats for P. subflava.
Gender Preferences in Job Vacancies and Workplace Gender Diversity
Authors: Card David , Colella Fabrizio , Lalive Rafael 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In Spring 2005, the Ombud for Equal Treatment in Austria launched a campaign notifying employers and newspapers that gender preferences in job ads were illegal. At the time, over 40% of vacancies on the nation’s largest job board stated a gender preference; within a year the rate fell below 5%. We merge job board vacancies and employer records to study how the campaign affected hiring choices and the gender diversity of occupations and workplaces. Using pre-campaign data, we predict the use of gender preferences, then conduct a difference-in-differences analysis of hiring outcomes for vacancies with predicted male or female preferences, relative to those with no predicted preferences. The elimination of explicit gender preferences boosted the share of women hired for jobs that were likely to be targeted to men (and vice versa). At the firm level, we find that the campaign led to a rise in the share of women at firms that were more likely to use male stated gender preferences (SGP’s), and a symmetric increase in the share of men at firms that were likely to use female SGP’s, with no effects on firm survival, employment, or average wages.
Two Squamomelanocytic Tumors With Dendritic Melanocytes: Thoughts About Origin
Authors: Suen Juliet , Fagan Kiley K. , Grider Douglas J. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract:
Cutaneous malignant squamomelanocytic tumor (SMT) is a rare neoplasm comprising 2 distinct cell populations of squamous cell carcinoma and a second component of either benign or malignant melanocytes. SMT most often presents as a keratotic papule in areas of chronic sun exposure, typically on the head or neck of middle-aged and elderly-aged, White male patient populations. In recent years, there has been an increase in case reports, including a review article published in 2023, identifying a total of 37 cases published in the literature. There are only 3 reported cases in the literature with spindled or dendritic cells in the melanocytic component, as most have been of the epithelioid subtype. Despite the increasing prevalence, the origin and pathophysiology is poorly understood. We report 2 cases of SMT with dendritic melanocytes that are centered around a hair follicle, proposing the theory that these 2 distinct cell types may arise from the hair follicles.
Total Nail Avulsion for Pincer Nail: Report of Two Cases
Authors: Kato Toyoaki , Hoashi Toshihiko 
Published: August 2024

Summary:
Pincer nail is a common condition characterized by excessive transverse curvature of the nail that causes pain, cosmetic problems, and functional limitation. Surgical treatments include correction of the nail bed and distal phalanges, which have shown good outcomes but are difficult to perform in general clinics because of their high invasion. Conservative treatments require special devices, which may be difficult to keep on hand in general clinics. We report two cases of pincer nails successfully treated by total nail avulsion. The patient in case 1 is a 66-year-old woman. She had a pincer nail on her right third toe that was painful. Total nail avulsion was performed on the nail, and taping was performed after surgery. Three months later, a new flattened nail grew. The curvature index was improved from 2.43 to 1.10. The patient in case 2 is a 68-year-old woman. Total nail avulsion was performed on a pincer nail of the left second toe. Nineteen months later, the nail was flattened and she remained free from pain. The curvature index was improved from 3.62 to 1.32. In both cases, pain was soon relieved by total nail avulsion and there were no complications. Total nail avulsion does not require special devices, can be performed in a short time during outpatient treatment, and is relatively less invasive. It is also easily applied to small nails. Total nail avulsion is an effective treatment for pincer nails on the second and third toes. Future studies are needed to determine if it is equally effective for pincer nails on the first toe.
Long Term Follow Up of a Family with A3243G Mitochondrial Syndrome
Authors: Feo Alessandro , Fossataro Claudia , Abraham Néda , Voichanski Shilo , Lemon Jack D. , Sarraf David 
Published: August 2024

Purpose:
To describe the clinical and multimodal imaging (MMI) features of a family (proband, sister and mother) with A3243G mitochondrial retinopathy and long-term follow up.

Methods:
Medical and imaging records were retrospectively evaluated. Multimodal imaging included ultra-widefield color fundus photography, fundus autofluorescence, and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Long-term MMI follow up ranged from 6 to 15 years and was available for each member.

Results:
The proband (Case 1) exhibited rapidly progressive bilateral macular atrophy, corneal endothelial polymegathism, and an A3243G mutation in the mitochondrial DNA. The proband also endorsed a history of early-onset myocardial infarction (MI) ten years prior at the age of 42. The proband’s sister (Case 2) only exhibited unilateral focal macular atrophy but admitted to a history of severe multiorgan systemic disease, including multiple sclerosis and major depression disorder. The proband’s mother (Case 3), the only one with diabetes mellitus and hearing loss, originally presented with branch retinal vein occlusion in the right eye and pattern dystrophy in the left eye which evolved to geographic atrophy, OD > OS, 15 years later.

Conclusion:
A3243G mitochondrial syndrome can exhibit heterogenous ocular and systemic features, even within members of the same family. The development of the characteristic maculopathy with early-onset MI warrants genetic testing. Early cardiac and systemic screening may be recommended in individuals with characteristic retinal findings and genetic confirmation.
A Scoping Review of Patient Involvement in Violence Risk Assessment
Authors: Woods Phil , Dadgardoust Laleh 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective
This scoping review aimed to summarize the published literature on patient involvement in violence risk assessment. Two research questions reviewed the extent of patient involvement and what evidence exists.

Inclusion Criteria
English-language peer-reviewed published articles of any methodology related to violence risk assessment toward others were included. Articles were related to forensic and mental health practice and involve patients directly in the process.

Methods
Five electronic databases were comprehensively searched, as well as the reference lists of included articles. Both authors reviewed articles for inclusion and extracted data from included articles.

Results
Fifteen articles met the inclusion criteria. Articles reported on three approaches to patient engagement in structured violence risk assessment: how patients were involved or experienced the process, using rating scales, and using questions related to patient self-perceived risk. In relation to what evidence existed, four main themes emerged: patient views about risk and their involvement in risk assessment, comparing the predictive accuracy of patient self-rated tools with clinician-rated tools, predictive accuracy of a patient self-rated tool, and comparing risk ratings between patients and clinicians.

Conclusions
There is a dearth of research published about involving patients in their own risk assessment. Patients report both positive and negative experiences of the process. From cohort-type studies, results have shown that patient self-risk assessment can have a similar predictive ability to the clinician ratings related to adverse violence outcomes. Findings from studies can pave the way for future clinical research around the tools that have been developed thus far.
``Getting People Back Into the Community''
Authors: Roberts Casey , Luder Michael , McMullen Crystal , Cole Rosalind , Ward Nicole , Dignam Paul , Ireland Michael 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Background
The implementation of the recovery model into forensic mental health care promotes hope and has important implications for inpatients' community reintegration.

Aim
This study aimed to describe forensic mental health nurses' perceptions and experiences of providing care using the recovery model within a high-secure forensic hospital in Queensland, Australia.

Methods
Twenty-seven forensic mental health nurses were interviewed regarding their perceptions and experiences of providing recovery-oriented care within a high-secure forensic hospital.

Results
The participants described an individualized approach to recovery, both in the goals developed and in the level of support they required. There was an overarching shared goal across the participant group, which was focused on supporting patients to reintegrate back into the community. Inadequate resources (both internal and external), the severity of patient psychopathology, legal constraints, and the nursing role within the broader treating team were all perceived to present challenges to utilizing the recovery model within a high-secure forensic hospital.

Implications for Clinical Forensic Nursing Practice
To fully realize the potential of the recovery model, a system-wide reconceptualization is necessary.
Broadening the View of Holistic Care: Integrating Arts and Humanities Into Physician Assistant Education
Authors: Horak Shaun , Dickey Pamela , Ammons Samantha K. , Barone T. Lynne , Culross Beth , Berke Melissa , Duran Adrian R. , Hawkins Daniel N. , Langan Steve , McCaffrey Joseph , Morris Amy 
Published: August 2024

Introduction
The integration of arts and humanities (A&H) into physician assistant (PA) preclinical curriculum may enhance student performance and improve their patient rapport. Arts and humanities content could promote the personal and professional qualities we desire in clinicians including competence, compassion, and empathy. The aim of this research was to determine what PA students report learning from A&H modules designed to foster personal insight and perspective-taking.

Methods
The “Introduction of Humanities & Arts into Physician Assistant Education” (IHAPAE) project is an intercampus collaboration between 2 Midwest Universities. The IHAPAE faculty collaboratively created and delivered A&H-based modules within first-year communication courses. Two cohorts of PA students (N = 130) participated in modules and subsequently attended exploratory focus groups to elicit their perceptions of the A&H curriculum.

Results
Using a constructivist grounded theory approach for data analysis, we found that PA students perceived multiple benefits. Specifically, module content promoted reflection and stress reduction, improved their continuity of care notes, provided utility in cultivating empathy in patient communication, and introduced students to A&H approaches they could recommend to patients.

Discussion
The process model that emerged from student perceptions fits well with existing emotional regulation theory and provides empirical evidence for cultivation of empathy and patient-centeredness. Given the positive outcomes of our project, PA programs should consider the value of incorporating the A&H activities into their curriculum to enhance the student experience and develop essential provider attributes and skills.
Antibiotic dose optimisation in the critically ill: targets, evidence and future strategies
Authors: Dyer Christopher J. , De Waele Jan J. , Roberts Jason A. 
Published: August 2024

Purpose of review
To highlight the recent evidence for antibiotic pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) in enhancing patient outcomes in sepsis and septic shock. We also summarise the limitations of available data and describe future directions for research to support translation of antibiotic dose optimisation to the clinical setting.

Recent findings
Sepsis and septic shock are associated with poor outcomes and require antibiotic dose optimisation, mostly due to significantly altered pharmacokinetics. Many studies, including some randomised controlled trials have been conducted to measure the clinical outcome effects of antibiotic dose optimisation interventions including use of therapeutic drug monitoring. Current data support antibiotic dose optimisation for the critically ill. Further investigation is required to evolve more timely and robust precision antibiotic dose optimisation approaches, and to clearly quantify whether any clinical and health-economic benefits support expanded use of this treatment intervention.

Summary
Antibiotic dose optimisation appears to improve outcomes in critically ill patients with sepsis and septic shock, however further research is required to quantify the level of benefit and develop a stronger knowledge of the role of new technologies to facilitate optimised dosing.
How to assess survival prognosis in patients hospitalized for community-acquired pneumonia in 2024?
Authors: Ramirez Julio A. , File Thomas M. 
Published: August 2024

Purpose of review
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is increasingly recognized as a complex, multisystemic disease with the potential to cause both acute and long-term sequelae, significantly impacting patient mortality rates. In this manuscript, the authors review the current methodologies for assessing mortality risk among CAP patients.

Recent findings
The most common prediction scores for ICU care and short-term mortality include Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI), CURB-65, SMART COP, SCAP, and ATS/IDSA criteria. These models have clinical utility in the prediction of short-term mortality, but they have significant limitations in addressing long-term mortality. For patients who are discharged alive from the hospital, we do not have scores to predict long term mortality.

Summary
The development of an optimal prognostic tool for postacute sequelae of CAP is imperative. Such a tool should identify specific populations at increased risk. Moreover, accurately identifying at-risk populations is essential for their inclusion in clinical trials that evaluate potential therapies designed to improve short and long-term clinical outcomes in patients with CAP.
Treatment of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bloodstream infections in critically ill patients: an update
Authors: Viasus Diego , Gudiol Carlota , Carratalà Jordi 
Published: August 2024

Purpose of reviewThis review describes the latest information in the management of bloodstream infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli (MDRGNB) in critically ill patients.Recent findingsThe prevalence of bloodstream infections due to MDRGNB is high, and they pose a significant risk in critically ill patients. Recently, novel antimicrobial agents, including new β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations and cefiderocol, have been introduced for treating these infections. Concurrently, updated guidelines have been issued to aid in treatment decisions. Prompt diagnosis and identification of resistance patterns are crucial for initiating effective antibiotic therapy. Current studies, especially with observational design, and with limited sample sizes and patients with bacteremia, suggest that the use of these new antibiotics is associated with improved outcomes in critically ill patients with MDRGNB bloodstream infections.SummaryFor critically ill patients with bloodstream infections caused by MDRGNB, the use of newly developed antibiotics is recommended based on limited observational evidence. Further randomized clinical trials are necessary to determine the most effective antimicrobial therapies among the available options.
COVID-19 vs. non-COVID-19 related nosocomial pneumonias: any differences in etiology, prevalence, and mortality?
Authors: Martin-Loeches Ignacio , Restrepo Marcos I. 
Published: August 2024

Purpose of review
This review explores the similarities and differences between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related and non-COVID-related nosocomial pneumonia, particularly hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). It critically assesses the etiology, prevalence, and mortality among hospitalized patients, emphasizing the burden of these infections during the period before and after the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic.

Recent findings
Recent studies highlight an increase in nosocomial infections during the COVID-19 pandemic, with a significant rise in cases involving severe bacterial and fungal superinfections among mechanically ventilated patients. These infections include a higher incidence of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs), complicating treatment and recovery. Notably, COVID-19 patients have shown a higher prevalence of VAP than those with influenza or other respiratory viruses, influenced by extended mechanical ventilation and immunosuppressive treatments like corticosteroids.

Summary
The findings suggest that COVID-19 has exacerbated the frequency and severity of nosocomial infections, particularly VAP. These complications not only extend hospital stays and increase healthcare costs but also lead to higher morbidity and mortality rates. Understanding these patterns is crucial for developing targeted preventive and therapeutic strategies to manage and mitigate nosocomial infections during regular or pandemic care.
The perspective for next-generation lung replacement therapies: functional whole lung generation by blastocyst complementation
Authors: Shimizu Dai , Miura Akihiro , Mori Munemasa 
Published: August 2024

Purpose of review
Blastocyst complementation represents a promising frontier in next-generation lung replacement therapies. This review aims to elucidate the future prospects of lung blastocyst complementation within clinical settings, summarizing the latest studies on generating functional lungs through this technique. It also explores and discusses host animal selection relevant to interspecific chimera formation, a challenge integral to creating functional human lungs via blastocyst complementation.

Recent findings
Various gene mutations have been utilized to create vacant lung niches, enhancing the efficacy of donor cell contribution to the complemented lungs in rodent models. By controlling the lineage to induce gene mutations, chimerism in both the lung epithelium and mesenchyme has been improved. Interspecific blastocyst complementation underscores the complexity of developmental programs across species, with several genes identified that enhance chimera formation between humans and other mammals.

Summary
While functional lungs have been generated via intraspecies blastocyst complementation, the generation of functional interspecific lungs remains unrealized. Addressing the challenges of controlling the host lung niche and selecting host animals relevant to interspecific barriers between donor human and host cells is critical to enabling the generation of functional humanized or entire human lungs in large animals.