bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of PD‐1/PD‐L1 immune checkpoint inhibitor in squamous and nonsquamous non‐small cell lung cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Dai Zhenjie , Chen Jing , Wang Yong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe effects of programmed cell death protein 1/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD‐1/PD‐L1) immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in patients with squamous and nonsquamous non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remain controversial. We conducted a meta‐analysis to summarize the existing evidence on this topic.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Medline, and Embase for studies published before December 1, 2022, comparing PD‐1/PD‐L1 ICIs with docetaxel in squamous and nonsquamous NSCLC patients in any language. The different hazard ratio (HR) values for overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) were calculated in this study.ResultsA total of seven studies were identified. In a summary analysis of all studies, the HR values of OS in patients with nonsquamous and squamous NSCLC were 0.73, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.67–0.79 and 0.70, 95% CI: 0.62–0.79, respectively. In patients with PD‐L1 expression levels of 1% or higher, the HR values of OS in nonsquamous and squamous NSCLC patients were 0.60, 95% CI: 0.49–0.74 and 0.72, 95% CI: 0.54–0.96, respectively. The HR values of OS in nonsquamous and squamous NSCLC patients with PD‐L1 expression levels of 5% or higher were 0.46, 95% CI: 0.35–0.59 and 0.55, 95% CI: 0.39–0.79, respectively. In nonsquamous and squamous NSCLC patients with PD‐L1 expression levels of 10% or higher, the HR values of OS were 0.42, 95% CI: 0.32–0.54, and 0.53, 95% CI: 0.36–0.78, respectively.ConclusionThe meta‐analysis demonstrated possible evidence that there was different efficacy of PD‐1/PD‐L1 ICIs on OS in squamous and nonsquamous NSCLC patients with different PD‐L1 expression levels. Subgroup analysis showed that there was a greater OS benefit in patients with nonsquamous NSCLC.
Time‐restricted eating affects human adipose tissue fat mobilization
Authors: Zambrano Carolina , González‐Alvarado Elena , Salmerón Diego , Ruiz‐Ojeda Francisco Javier , Luján Juan , Scheer Frank A. J. L. , Garaulet Marta 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveTime‐restricted eating (TRE), a dietary approach that confines food intake to specific time windows, has shown metabolic benefits. However, its impact on body weight loss remains inconclusive. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of early TRE (eTRE) and delayed TRE (dTRE) on fat mobilization using human adipose tissue (AT) cultures.MethodsSubcutaneous AT was collected from 21 participants with severe obesity. We assessed fat mobilization by measuring glycerol release in AT culture across four treatment conditions: control, eTRE, dTRE, and 24‐h fasting.ResultsTRE had a significant impact on lipolysis (glycerol release [mean (SD)] in micromoles per hour per gram: control, 0.05 [0.003]; eTRE, 0.10 [0.006]; dTRE, 0.08 [0.005]; and fasting, 0.17 [0.008]; p < 0.0001). Both eTRE and dTRE increased lipolysis compared with the control group, with eTRE showing higher glycerol mobilization than dTRE during the overall 24‐h time window, especially at the nighttime/habitual sleep episode (p < 0.0001). Further analysis of TRE based on fasting duration revealed that, independently of the time window, glycerol release increased with fasting duration (in micromoles per hour per gram: 8 h = 0.08 [0.001]; 12 h = 0.09 [0.008]; and 16 h of fasting = 0.12 [0.011]; p < 0.0001).ConclusionsThis study provides insights into the potential benefits of TRE on fat mobilization and may guide the design of future dietary strategies for weight management and metabolic health.image
Nerve growth factor inducible (VGF) is a secreted mediator for metastatic breast cancer tropism to the brain
Authors: Carvalho Rita , Santos Liliana , Conde Inês , Leitão Ricardo , Ferreira Hugo RS , Gomes Célia , Silva Ana Paula , Schmitt Fernando , Carvalho‐Maia Carina , Lobo João , Jerónimo Carmen , Paredes Joana , Ribeiro Ana Sofia 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBrain metastases are one of the most serious clinical problems in breast cancer (BC) progression, associated with lower survival rates and a lack of effective therapies. Thus, to dissect the early stages of the brain metastatic process, we studied the impact of brain organotropic BC cells’ secretomes on the establishment of the brain pre‐metastatic niche (PMN). We found that BC cells with specific tropism to the brain caused significant blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption, as well as microglial activation, in both in vitro and in vivo models. Further, we searched for a brain‐organotropic metastatic signature, as a promising source for the discovery of new biomarkers involved in brain metastatic progression. Of relevance, we identified VGF (nerve growth factor inducible) as a key mediator in this process, also impacting the BBB and microglial functions both in vitro and in vivo. In a series of human breast tumors, VGF was found to be expressed in both cancer cells and the adjacent stroma. Importantly, VGF‐positive tumors showed a significantly worse prognosis and were associated with HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) overexpression and triple‐negative molecular signatures. Further clinical validation in primary tumors from metastatic BC cases showed a significant association between VGF and the brain metastatic location, clearly and significantly impacting on the prognosis of BC patients with brain metastasis. In conclusion, our study reveals a unique secretome signature for BC with a tropism for the brain, highlighting VGF as a crucial mediator in this process. Furthermore, its specific impact as a poor prognostic predictor for BC patients with brain metastasis opens new avenues to target VGF to control the progression of brain metastatic disease. © 2024 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Pan‐cancer evaluation of tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes and programmed cell death protein ligand‐1 in metastatic biopsies and matched primary tumors
Authors: El Beaino Zakhia , Dupain Célia , Marret Grégoire , Paoletti Xavier , Fuhrmann Laëtitia , Martinat Charlotte , Allory Yves , Halladjian Maral , Bièche Ivan , Le Tourneau Christophe , Kamal Maud , Vincent‐Salomon Anne 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTumor immunological characterization includes evaluation of tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and programmed cell death protein ligand‐1 (PD‐L1) expression. This study investigated TIL distribution, its prognostic value, and PD‐L1 expression in metastatic and matched primary tumors (PTs). Specimens from 550 pan‐cancer patients of the SHIVA01 trial (NCT01771458) with available metastatic biopsy and 111 matched PTs were evaluated for TILs and PD‐L1. Combined positive score (CPS), tumor proportion score (TPS), and immune cell (IC) score were determined. TILs and PD‐L1 were assessed according to PT organ of origin, histological subtype, and metastatic biopsy site. We found that TIL distribution in metastases did not vary according to PT organ of origin, histological subtype, or metastatic biopsy site, with a median of 10% (range: 0–70). TILs were decreased in metastases compared to PT (20% [5–60] versus 10% [0–40], p < 0.0001). CPS varied according to histological subtype (p = 0.02) and biopsy site (p < 0.02). TPS varied according to PT organ of origin (p = 0.003), histological subtype (p = 0.0004), and metastatic biopsy site (p = 0.00004). TPS was higher in metastases than in PT (p < 0.0001). TILs in metastases did not correlate with overall survival. In conclusion, metastases harbored fewer TILs than matched PT, regardless of PT organ of origin, histological subtype, and metastatic biopsy site. PD‐L1 expression increased with disease progression. © 2024 The Author(s). The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
TRKing down drug resistance in NTRK fusion‐positive cancers†
Authors: Parrish Abigail G , Szulzewsky Frank 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn a recent issue of The Journal of Pathology, Chen and colleagues established novel patient‐derived ex vivo models of NTRK fusion‐positive soft tissue sarcoma to characterize resistance mechanisms against targeted therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Prolonged exposure to escalating concentrations of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, entrectinib, ultimately led to the occurrence of resistant clones that harbored an inactivating mutation in the NF2 gene, not previously described in this context, accompanied by increased PI3K/AKT/mTOR and Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling. Finally, an inhibitor screen identified, among others, MEK and mTOR inhibitors as potential combination agents. © 2024 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Pediatric asthma knowledge: Insights from a Portuguese central hospital study
Authors: Coelho Cristina , Pinho Joana , Pinto Mariana , Pedrosa Cláudia , Costa Herculano , Romariz Jorge , Carvalho Maria I. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundAsthma is a common chronic condition in children, with parental and child health literacy affecting health outcomes and asthma control. This study examined pediatric asthma knowledge at a Portuguese central hospital and its determinants.MethodsWe conducted a comparative cross‐sectional study, applying the Asthma Knowledge Questionnaire (QCSA), answered by adolescents and/or caregivers. The sample was categorized into two groups based on the presence or absence of respiratory conditions, such as asthma or recurrent wheezing, in children. Those with such conditions (Group A) were further divided into two subgroups: those receiving general pediatric care (Group A2) and those receiving specialized care, followed in pulmonology or allergology consultations (Group A1).ResultsThe study involved 154 participants, predominantly female (74%) with an average age of 31.2 years ( ± 13.4). The average QCSA score was 14.8 ( ± 3.2), and Group A exhibited a statistically higher score, 15.5 points ±3.2 versus Group B, 14.2 points ± 3.2, p = .034. Group A1 achieved significantly better scores (16 points: range 4–21) than Group A2 (14 points: range 9–21) (p = .029). Scores were correlated positively with the duration of specialized follow‐up (ρ = .326; p = .027). Asthma knowledge was correlated with the level of education (r = .468; p < .001). The number of wheezing episodes (r = −.466; p < .001) within the past year were associated to QCSA scores.ConclusionIn summary, the presence of respiratory condition, the follow‐up in specialized appointments and higher levels of education were associated with greater asthma knowledge.
Students' well‐being and school climate: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Obeidat Bilal Fayiz , Haimed Saber , AlKhaza'leh Mohammad Salman 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSchools are significant settings for the development of young people, yet few studies have investigated the multiple facets of school climate and students' well‐being. This research aims to map the literature production in the two intertwined concepts: students' well‐being, and school climate. The study applied bibliometric analysis to map the research status of school climate and students' well‐being using metadata extracted from over a period of 33 years. The analysis presents a detailed overview of school climate and students’ well‐being in terms of scientific production, citations, authorship, countries' production, and institutions' outputs. Results highlighted the recent developmental trends of publications on students' well‐being and school climate and outlined the precursors for triggering this combination. With reference to students' overall well‐being, analysing the results shows that research on school climate increased markedly in different parts of the world. However, when compared to Arab countries, rare studies were conducted.
Context and implicationsRationale: Mapping the exponentially growing research on school climate and student well‐being can guide stakeholders in understanding research, gaps and priorities. Using bibliometric analysis here is necessary to evaluate the growing literature.Why the new findings matter: By elucidating exponential output, conceptual evolution and geographical imbalances, the analysis reveals a maturing yet decentralised field awaiting integration and high‐impact studies to inspire real‐world progress.Implications for practitioners, policy makers, and researchers: Findings guide strategic investments in rigorous intervention trials, student‐centred methodologies, cross‐national collaborative networks, and pathways translating evidence to school policies/practices. This analysis equips stakeholders to cultivate coordinated, culturally responsive research ecosystems providing actionable insights to create nurturing climates enabling all students to thrive.
Pregaming normalizes culture of drinking, drug use
Authors: Sutton Halley 
Published: July 2024

Pregaming, tailgating, or other party activities revolving around alcohol before athletics events on college campuses can have dire and long‐lasting effects on students, according to a recent study from Texas A&M University. The study found that those who engaged in pregaming and tailgating were at higher risks for engaging in alcohol and substance abuse, as well as for engaging in other risky behavior with potentially harmful consequences. The study was published in Substance Use and Misuse, a journal published by Taylor & Francis.
Gelatin Assisted Cerium–Copper Sulfide Nanoparticles as Efficient Catalysts for the Photocatalytic Degradation of Malachite Green Oxalate Dye Under UV‐A Light
Authors: Meena Kannaiyan , Kumaravel Sakthivel , Durai Mani , Hasan Imran , Gunamalai Lavanya , Ahn Young‐Ho , Shanthi Manohar 
Published: July 2024

AbstractChemical, petroleum, and dyeing industries generate a wide variety of highly toxic organic wastes. The discharge of this wastewater into the river without treatment will spoil the entire aquatic system. The photocatalytic degradation of dyes/toxic chemicals is considered a favorable technology for industrial wastewater treatment. For this purpose, we have prepared an efficient nanocomposite material. The Gelatin assisted Cerium loaded CuS (Ge−Ce−CuS) nanocomposite was successfully synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method and characterized by BET, UV‐DRS, and PL measurements. The BET surface area of Ge−Ce−CuS (88.6 m2 g−1) is higher than bare CuS (66.0 m2 g‐1). DRS Confirms that the photo‐absorption of Ge−Ce−CuS nanocomposite significantly increases from the 570 nm range to the whole visible region. PL measurements confirm that the CuS loading suppresses electron‐hole recombination of Ge−Ce−CuS. The photocatalytic activity of Ge−Ce−CuS was investigated for the degradation of malachite green oxalate dye (MGO) in an aqueous solution using UV light. The influence of operational parameters such as the amount of photocatalyst, dye concentration, and initial pH on the photo mineralization of MGO dye has been analyzed and discussed. Slightly basic pH enhances the degradation. The mineralization of MGO dye has been confirmed by COD measurements. The intermediates formed during degradations were analyzed by GC‐MS, and a suitable degradation pathway was proposed. The catalyst is found to be reusable. The mechanism of degradation of MGO dye by Ge−Ce−CuS is also proposed.
From Alkenes to Cyclic Carbonates with a Stable Iron‐Cross‐Bridged Cyclam Catalyst
Authors: Yeamin Md Bin , Annunziata Alfonso , Ruffo Francesco , Masdeu‐Bultó Anna M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA stable iron(III) complex with the cross‐bridged cyclam 4,11‐dimethyl‐1,4,8,11‐tetraazabicyclo[6.6.2]hexadecane catalyzes the epoxidation of aromatic alkenes and the fixation of CO2 into cyclic carbonates. Best results were obtained for styrene conversion to styrene carbonate.
Surface‐Modified Mesoporous V2‐xSb2xO5‐δ Ceramics for Improving the Electrostatic Chemisorption of Methylene Blue
Authors: Sabna Melethil , Safna K. , C P Sona , Jayaram Peediyekkal 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHerein, mesoporous V2‐xSb2xO5‐δ (Sb−V−O) compounds, encompassing a compositional range of x varying between, 0.05≤x≤0.08, with orthorhombic Pmmn space group symmetry, are synthesized by high‐temperature solid‐state reaction method. Scanning electron microscopy indicated the formation of microscale rods and flakes and EDS spectra affirmed the stoichiometric precision of their composition adhering to the formulated chemical formula. Nitrogen adsorption isotherms exhibited the distinctive type IV pattern, accompanied by an H3 hysteresis loop, signifying the formation of mesoporous micro rods and flakes. Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller measurements demonstrated an augmented surface area, ranging from 16.67–28.74 m2/g, mirroring the effect of the increase in the concentration of Sb cations. The study demonstrated complete Methylene Blue dye removal within a brief 90 minute period, highlighting its efficacy in water remediation. The adsorption kinetics was aptly described by the pseudo‐second‐order model which exhibited a high degree of fit (R2=0.99). Freundlich adsorption isotherm was used to describe the multilayer adsorption of MB dye on the Sb−V−O surface indicating an exponential increase in adsorption active sites. Enhanced cationic MB dye adsorption on negative Sb−V−O surface is attributed to the electrostatic chemisorption by the interaction of NMe2+ on the negative surface modified Sb−V−O compounds.
Preparation and Properties of Multiple Dynamic Crosslinked Poly(siloxane‐urethane)
Authors: Liu Yujie , Zhang Xiaoyu , Yan Xixian , Zhang Chi , Li Ning , Zeng Fanglei , Jiang Shengling , Ding Jianning 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSelf‐healing poly(siloxane‐urethane) materials have garnered significant interest among researchers, owing to their superior resistance to high and low temperatures, solvents, corrosion, and biocompatibility. Nevertheless, most existing self‐healing poly(siloxane‐urethane) materials face challenges, including limited repair conditions and the challenge of balancing mechanical properties with repair efficiency. In this research, we introduced hydrogen bonds, metal coordination bonds, π–π bonds, and reversible ring structures into the poly(siloxane‐urethane) system through molecular chain structure design, successfully developing a multi‐dynamic cross‐linked poly(siloxane‐urethane) (PU‐Si), a development rarely reported in prior studies. This study examines the impact of varying amounts of hydroxyl‐terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS‐OH) on the properties of PU‐Si. The results indicate that PU‐Si, regardless of the amount of PDMS‐OH added, can self‐healing under conditions of heating at 60 °C, and exposure to ultraviolet and infrared radiation. Specifically, when the PDMS‐OH addition reaches 1.0 g, the material exhibits superior mechanical properties and self‐healing efficiency, achieving a mechanical strength of 9.68 MPa and a self‐healing efficiency of 86.6 %. This material shows significant application potential in areas such as electronic skins, flexible sensors, and brain‐computer interfaces.
Defining and characterizing the operational context for human systems integration
Authors: Disdier Alexandre , Masson Dimitri , Jankovic Marija , Boy Guy‐André 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMany efforts from multiple academic and industrial disciplines have studied the notion of context. The systems engineering and human systems integration fields, however, lack a generalized definition and characterization of context, in particular the operational context of complex sociotechnical systems. This paper reviews context definitions and builds a generalized definition of the operational context of complex sociotechnical systems. The objective is then to identify and extract context properties which are often implicit in the literature and do not necessarily appear in the definitions. However, eliciting them is helpful for understanding what context is made of, how it relates to complex sociotechnical systems comprising human and non‐human agents, and how an early understanding of the operational context can prove valuable to designing efficient and robust systems. Our analysis is followed by an example of how our definition and derived properties apply to the case study of the design of a remote and virtual air traffic control center.
Photoswitchable Surfactants–Are there Alternatives to Azobenzene‐Based Systems?
Authors: Bekir Marek , Gurke Johannes , Reifarth Martin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOwing to their property to alter their surface‐activity upon the irradiation with light, photoswitchable surfactants have gained tremendous interest in colloidal science. Their mere addition to a colloidal system allows, e. g., to obtain control over polyelectrolytes, micro‐ and nanoscale particles or emulsions. Most literature examples focus on azobenzene‐based, or related, systems, which employ a photoisomerization reaction for switching. Other structures, such as spiropyrans, play a subordinate role, although they have gained increasing attention over the past few years. In this perspective article, we want to provide an overview about existing systems of photoswitchable surfactants. We address the issue that alternative photoswitches are given less attention, and what benefits surfactants could possess that are based on said switchable units. With our contribution, we want to broaden the view on stimuli‐responsive surfactants – and to provide a guideline for the design of novel structures.
Polydactyl canine case: Exploring possible linkage between anomalies, secondary infertility and SHH/ALX4 mutations
Authors: Ogundipe Tolulope G. , Ameh Matthew P. , Bamikole Jeremiah O. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis case report details an unusual manifestation of polydactyly in a litter of purebred Caucasian puppies, where the dam exhibited polydactyl traits while the sire is suspected to have an incomplete penetrance of the trait. All littermates, except one, manifest severe postnatal mortality and displayed polydactyl at birth. Out of a litter of six puppies, only Luna survived, resulting in a mortality rate of approximately 83.33%. Luna, the surviving pup, presented with anomalies including polydactyly on both pelvic limbs, short limb development, double row teeth, thoracolumbar tenderness, anaemia and babesiosis. Furthermore, the dam also exhibited secondary infertility, which prompted a literature review on probable genetic influences. However, we suspect SHH and ALX4 mutations due to their possible interference with sonic hedgehog and Wnt/beta‐catenin signalling pathways as being causal for the observed clinical signs, particularly the role of Wnt/beta‐catenin signalling, which is crucial for reproductive organ development.
COVID-19, Anti-Asian Racism, and U.S.-China Relations
Authors: Kim D.G. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWhat role do race and racism play in shaping mutual perceptions and foreign policy views between the United States and China today? In this chapter, I analyze cross-national public opinion surveys and foreign policy discourses to examine the link between COVID-19, anti-Asian racism, and policy views and discuss implications of this behavioral feedback loop for contemporary Sino-American relations. I first find with American public opinion during the pandemic how heightened concern about the virus significantly correlated with both anti-Asian sentiment and support for hawkish China policy. I then examine the far-reaching effects of the growing visibility and politicization of anti-Asian racism in America on Chinese foreign policy discourses and mass opinion, highlighting the growing political salience of racialized resentment, identity, and worldviews in China. Based on the findings, I suggest that American and Chinese leaders should refrain from using strategic appeals to the sense of identity difference and exceptionalism that bring the risk of encouraging domestic racism, emboldening the other country’s own exclusionary identity and worldview, and fueling U.S.-China security dilemmas.