bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ENHANCING FIRE DEPARTMENT HOME VISITS THROUGH IMPROVED PROGRAM MONITORING
Authors: McDonald E , Frattaroli S , Shields W , Gielen A 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundHouse fires remain a significant problem in the U.S. and around the world. Despite a decades-long Home Visit (HV) program by the Baltimore City Fire Department (BCFD), including free smoke alarm installation, homes remain unprotected and fire-related injuries persist. We collaborated with BCFD to enhance their HV program and monitor its implementation.Aims/Objectives/PurposeTo describe HV program enhancements, present novel program monitoring data, and discuss implications for program implementation monitoring in injury prevention programs.MethodsFocus groups with firefighters identified needed HV program enhancements. When the enhanced HV program was in place, study observers accompanied BCFD teams and documented what transpired at each HV.Results/OutcomesData were collected on 2139 HV conducted between April 2010 to April 2011 after program enhancements were made. Most of the time, BCFD staff followed the new protocol of installing the alarms using screws (73%) and explaining the 10-year lithium battery feature (66%). BCFD staff rarely explained how to use the alarm (18%) or pointed out its ‘hush’ feature (19%). Other educational messages were also conveyed infrequently: carbon monoxide risks (27%), escape planning (25%) and cooking (10%) and electrical (6%) safety. Results were shared with BCFD leadership.Significance/Contribution to the fieldCareful monitoring of program implementation is feasible and necessary to document compliance with protocols, to identify needed program improvements, to better understand program impacts, and to discover additional training needs.
USING THE INTEGRATED BEHAVIOUR CHANGE MODEL (IBCM) TO IDENTIFY INTERVENTION ELEMENTS FOR PROMOTING OPTIMAL CHILD RESTRAINT PRACTICES IN NSW
Authors: Brown J , Burton D , Nikolin S , Crooks P , Hatfield J , Bilston L 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundPoor knowledge of restraint use, and ensuing lower levels of age-appropriate and correct restraint use are common among children whose families speak a language other than English at home in NSW Australia. Behaviour change theories suggest that knowing best practice may not be enough to change behaviour.Aims/Objectives/PurposeTo identify intervention elements for optimising restraint practices among children from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) communities in NSW.MethodsA semi-structured discussion was held in 11 language specific focus groups in Arabic, Assyrian, Cantonese, Mandarin, Vietnamese and Turkish. Pre-existing community groups were used to recruit participants (n=72). Translated transcripts were analysed using the major concepts of the IBCM.Results/OutcomeRestraint use intent among CALD community carers depends how they perceive their child's safety. Child restraint legislation and enforcement appears to increase parental self-efficacy, however concerns over child comfort may negatively influence parental motivation to comply. Large family size, vehicle size and restraint cost are real environmental constraints in some CALD communities. The government is seen as the most credible information source.Significance/Contribution to the FieldKey messages in interventions targeting CALD communities should be the same as those targeting the mainstream, as determinants of restraint use intent are the same regardless of the population. However, for CALD communities there is a specific need to ensure access to detailed information through appropriate delivery strategies and languages. Furthermore, strategies to address practical constraints are particularly important elements for interventions targeting CALD communities.
CHILD INJURY MORTALITY, SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS, NATIONALITY AND RELIGIOUS AFFILIATION
Authors: Silbinger O , Ivancovsky M , Frydman E , Weiss O 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundResearch has consistently shown that low socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with an increased risk of child injury mortality (CIM). However, other social factors may influence CIM as well. In Israel, there are two additional demographic factors: nationality (Jews vs Arabs) and the level of religious affiliation among Jews (Ultra Orthodox vs Non-Ultra Orthodox) that might affect the relationship between SES and CIM.PurposeTo examine the relationship between these three demographic factors and CIM.MethodsAnalysis of census data (2003–2009) of CIM in 116 municipalities; covering over 90% of the children in Israel. The municipalities are divided into three SES levels, three nationalities (Jews, Arabs and Mixed), and two levels of religious affiliation among Jews (Ultra Orthodox and Non-Ultra Orthodox).ResultsCIM rates in municipalities were higher for low SES than for high SES (OR=2, 95%, CI 1.6 to 2.5), and higher for Arabs than for Jews (OR=2.6, 95% CI 2.2 to 3.0). However, among the Jewish municipalities there is no clear relation between SES level and CIM rates; CIM rates are lower for Ultra Orthodox than for Non-Ultra Orthodox municipalities (OR=0.3, 95% CI 0.1 to 0.6), although the Ultra Orthodox municipalities include 90% of the Jewish children in the low SES.SignificanceAlthough both the Arab and the Ultra Orthodox populations are characterised by low SES and high birth rates, we found that CIM rates are much higher for Arab municipalities than for Jewish Ultra Orthodox municipalities. Therefore, nationality and religious affiliation (among Jews) are as important as SES in predicting CIM.
COMPARING CHILD PRODUCT SAFETY CONCERNS WITH INJURY INCIDENTS: DOES THE EVIDENCE SUPPORT THE RESPONSE?
Authors: McKenzie K , Limbong J , Strachan D 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundEfficient effective child product safety (PS) responses require data on hazards, injury severity and injury probability. PS responses in Australia largely rely on reports from manufacturers/retailers, other jurisdictions/regulators, or consumers. The extent to which reactive responses reflect actual child injury priorities is unknown.Aims/Objectives/PurposeThis research compared PS issues for children identified using data compiled from PS regulatory data and data compiled from health data sources in Queensland, Australia.MethodsPS regulatory documents describing issues affecting children in Queensland in 2008–2009 were compiled and analysed to identify frequent products and hazards. Three health data sources (ED, injury surveillance and hospital data) were analysed to identify frequent products and hazards.Results/OutcomesProjectile toys/squeeze toys were the priority products for PS regulators with these toys having the potential to release small parts presenting choking hazards. However, across all health datasets, falls were the most common mechanism of injury, and several of the products identified were not subject to a PS system response. While some incidents may not require a response, a manual review of injury description text identified child poisonings and burns as common mechanisms of injuries in the health data where there was substantial documentation of product-involvement, yet only 10% of PS system responses focused on these two mechanisms combined.Significance/contribution to the fieldRegulatory data focused on products that fail compliance checks with ‘potential’ to cause harm, and health data identified actual harm, resulting in different prioritisation of products/mechanisms. Work is needed to better integrate health data into PS responses in Australia.
DEVELOPMENT OF A STANDARD TEST METHOD FOR ASSESSING THE FIRMNESS OF INFANT SLEEP SURFACES
Authors: Barker R , Somers R 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundOver a period of many years, good quality research has pointed to an association between infant mortality and overly soft sleep surfaces. Caregivers are advised to use ‘firm’ mattresses, but there are no international definitions of what is firm enough.Aims/Objectives/PurposeThe aim of this work was to specify a test method and a performance criterion by which to identify infant sleep surfaces that are sufficiently firm to prevent ‘sleep accidents’ (asphyxiation), part of the SIDS spectrum.MethodsA panel of experts, working individually, examined a range of sleep surfaces and provided subjective views of acceptable product firmness. The consensus was then specified in terms of laboratory measured performance. Based on these measurements, a simple test instrument was developed.Results/OutcomesThe test instrument was validated against a research instrument used in Germany to compare the sleep surfaces of fatal infant cases and surviving matched controls. The test instrument replicated the sensitivity and specificity of the research instrument on products in Australia and the USA.Significance/Contribution to the FieldThe availability of a practical test for assessing minimum acceptable firmness of infant sleep surfaces has allowed for the planned adoption of a world-first standard test method in Australia and New Zealand. A do-it-yourself version of the apparatus can be easily constructed by parents for their own use.
BUILDING A SUSTAINABLE SAFE COMMUNITIES NETWORK: THE AMERICAN EXPERIENCE
Authors: Stein-Harris D 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundOver the 20+ years of the International Safe Communities movement, the model did not gain traction in the USA until the National Safety Council (NSC) spearheaded the development of Safe Communities America in 2007. Since then, NSC has promoted this community-coalition model, mentored and supported communities, and now have a network of 21 successful, internationally designated communities, including three universities.Aims/Objectives/PurposeThe goal of the NSC/Safe Communities America network is to reduce the number of injuries and deaths in the USA.Methods(1) Provide guidance, tools, training in evaluation, leadership, coalition building and sustainability through regular correspondence and hosting of an annual networking conference including training. (2) Initiate research that demonstrates that people living in a county that is a designated Safe Community are safer than comparable counties.Results/OutcomesThe networking conference provides a national forum for sharing proven and promising programmes. Communities have initiated key local strategies as a result of their participation in important injury areas that might not otherwise have been done. Results of our initial research indicates that communities that are designated Safe Communities have 9% fewer fatalities than comparable counties in the US.SignificanceBy encouraging the development of Safe Communities through on-going mentoring, training, as well as providing evidence that their efforts are working, viable and sustainable networks have developed that will provide a continuous stream of new and innovative solutions to community safety.
METHODOLOGY TO PROMOTE INTERAGENCY WORK BETWEEN COMMUNITARIAN ORGANISATION AND GOVERNMENT. EXPERIENCE FROM CALI, COLOMBIA
Authors: Galvis K , Osorio A , Nieto Gil L , María I Gutiérrez 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundDuring a pilot intervention in Cali, Colombia was designed a methodology to promote collaborative work at the communitarian level, at the governmental level and between them. First of all, there was a process to identify priority issues, zones in the community, and age groups. Those were identified by three communitarian groups and a group of governmental representatives.Aims/Objectives/PurposeTo promote collaborative work at communitarian and governmental level to reduce injury prevention. To create a new scenario to approach communitarian initiatives and governmental interventions focus on same issues, zones and populations groups.MethodsThere was designed a workshop methodology to meet the groups that are developing programmes in the same zone, issues and age groups. They were divided in four round tables with one moderator. Each representative from the government and the community was invited to present their work on injury and violence prevention finding common experiences that are going on in same issues, zones, and ages groups. Those which are suitable to work in a collaborative way sign a partnership agreement.Results/OutcomeThere was a great participation from all levels, 40 agreements were signed and more collaborative work was reach after this experience. The methodology will be reply in more communitarian groups this year.Significance/Contribution to the FieldThis experience can be reply in others countries to promote multi-sectorial approaches for injury and violence prevention. Strengthening common experiences in the same field it is a crucial factor to make more effective injury preventions programmes.
BUILDING OF A FRAMEWORK FOR THE IMPLEMENATION OF AN INJURY PREVENTION STRATEGY: AN ALBERTA, CANADA EXAMPLE
Authors: Belton K , MacDonald N , Voaklander D 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundThe Alberta injury death rate per 100 000 has remained unchanged from 1999 (47.1) to 2008 (48.3). TheAlberta Injury Control Strategy(AICS) was developed to address this need.Aims/Objectives/PurposeThe purpose was to develop an implementation plan for the AICS. The Plan aims to accomplish results these areas: engage Albertans, to make the injury issue a priority and reduce the frequency and severity of injuries.MethodsA Steering Committee comprised of top bureaucrats from 13 ministries within the Alberta Government was created to oversee the development and execution of the implementation plan for the AICS.Results/OutcomeA framework was developed identifying actions to be taken across all ministries within the Provincial government. Three types of actions were identified. Core actions—essential actions to be taken to achieve the intended outcomes. Supporting actions—integral to all injury prevention initiatives and supporting the outcomes for each of the core actions. Promoting actions—actions that promote initiatives that are already underway.Significance/Contribution to the FieldThis document provides a template for use by all stakeholders involved in injury prevention regardless of the type of injury. Although specific injury priorities are identified, it is intended that all organisations, communities and individuals will be able to identify actions they can take to reduce injuries.
FATAL INJURY IN THE AGEING WORKFORCE
Authors: Ozanne-Smith J , Jones C , Watson W , Kitching F 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundAustralia's workforce is ageing due to demographic and economic factors.Aims(1) To describe the dimensions, nature, and external causes of fatalities in workers aged 55 years and older, Australia, 2000–2009. (2) To provide baseline data for future studies. (3) To investigate the preparedness of high risk industries and workers for the safety of the ageing workforce.MethodsRetrospective descriptive cohort data for workers aged 55 years and older (2000–2009) were extracted from population-based mortality data and analysed by age, gender, industry, occupation, and external cause. Subsequent studies investigated the preparedness of industry (stakeholder interviews) and workers (focus groups) for ageing workforce safety in the agriculture, transport and construction industries.ResultsOf 2283 unintentional work-related fatalities: 336 were aged 55 years or older; 218 were 55–64; 83 were 65–74; 35 were 75 years or older; and 96.3% male. Industries with the most deaths among older workers wereagriculture(37.8%),transport(19.3%) andconstruction(16.6%). Common themes among industry stakeholders included: awareness of the ageing workforce, the impact of ongoing heavy physical labour, and related management issues; an assumption that general safety initiatives will adequately cover older worker safety; and concerns about older worker compensation liabilities. The focus group study is in progress and results will be reported.SignificanceOlder worker deaths are a significant problem which will likely grow with workforce ageing. Employers and work authorities will need to consider the specific characteristics and vulnerabilities of older workers to enable implementation of appropriate injury prevention strategies for this population.
MUSCULOSKELETAL INJURIES ARE PREVENTED BY A UNIQUE DISCOMFORT, PAIN AND INJURY (DPI) MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME. AN OVERVIEW (AUGUST 2006 – FEBRUARY 2012)
Authors: Polaczuk C 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundThe Preventing and Managing Discomfort, Pain and Injury Programme (DPI Programme) was launched in August 2006 to address both the prevention and management of musculoskeletal conditions in the workplace. The programme is based on a multifactorial and holistic approach to these problems in the workplace.The DPI Programme is unique in its approach and has become the largest workplace musculoskeletal injury prevention programme in New Zealand (4,200 members to date).ObjectiveTo reduce musculoskeletal injuries in New Zealand workplaces by combining three pre-existing national workplace programmes into single coherent and effective discomfort, pain and injury (DPI) prevention programme.MethodsThe DPI programme was developed in collaboration with workplace health providers and practitioners. Training programmes were developed and delivered, free resources were produced, and the DPI concepts were progressively embedded into a wide range of industry and workplace health and safety resources.ResultsThis overview document includes graphs and data showing the significant annual claims reductions achieved over the life of the programme.ConclusionsThe DPI programme has enabled ACC to make significant reductions in the cost of workplace musculoskeletal injury claims.Significance to injury preventionThis overview provides a history of the programme from conception through implementation, explains its rationale, and details what has been achieved in the first five years. This overview will be of interest to those working in and developing workplace injury prevention programmes as well as DPI programme members, partners and stakeholders.
AN ASSESSMENT OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NON-FATAL ROAD INJURIES AND ECONOMIC GROWTH
Authors: Law TH , Umar RS Radin , Wong SV 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundEconomic growth has been found to have a concave effect on road deaths. Road deaths increase at lower income levels, but decrease once has exceeded a threshold level. One would expect that, if the inverted U-shaped relationship for road deaths is valid, many road deaths would now be labelled as non-fatal road injuries at higher income levels.ObjectivesThe study's objective is to understand how economic growth affects non-fatal road injuries and what factors underlie this relationship.MethodsWe apply a fixed effects negative binomial regression analysis on a panel dataset of 91 countries over the period 1963–2009. A number of variables that are related to the development of a country, such as improvements in medical services, democracy, political stability, vehicles per capita, the percentage of population live in urban areas, and adult alcohol consumption rate are included to account for this relationship.ResultsResults indicate that there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between economic growth and non-fatal road injuries. The evidence presented in this study suggests that improvement in regulatory institution quality is accompanied by a lower number of non-fatal road injuries. On the other hand, improvements in medical care and technology, which have a reducing effect on road deaths, are associated with increases in non-fatal road injuries.SignificanceResults indicate that policies focused on improving the quality of regulatory institutions should be implemented alongside other strategies that are designed to improve medical care and technology, in order to achieve a sustainable improvement in road safety.
INCREASING SEATBELT USE AND POTENTIAL LIVES SAVED IN ONE REGION OF RUSSIA
Authors: Ma S , Li Q , Klyavin V , Slyunkina E , Zambon F , He H , Hyder AA 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundThe use of seatbelts is an important means of reducing the risk of death or serious injury; yet the seatbelt use rate in Russia is not optimal. The Road Safety 10-Country (RS-10) Project, implemented social marketing campaigns and other interventions since November 2010 in Lipetskaya Oblast, Russia.Aims/Objectives/PurposeTo evaluate the initial impact of these interventions in improving seatbelt use and preventing deaths in the future.MethodsFive rounds of observational studies were conducted on the use of seatbelts in the Lipetskaya region during October 2010 and December 2011. Data were collected in six districts and three different road types, making a total of 18 sites in each round. We also predicted the number of deaths avoided through increased seatbelt use among drivers and front seat passengers.ResultsIn the baseline, a total of 26 897 vehicles and 41 921 drivers and passengers were observed, among which 56% of drivers, 58% front seat passengers, and only 7% of back seat passengers were observed to use seatbelts. Since the implementation of the interventions, seatbelt use has continuously increased: among drivers, it increased from 56% to 75%; among front seat passengers, it increased from 58% to 78% in December 2011. Our estimated number of lives saved among drivers and front seat passengers through increased seatbelt use ranges between 18 and 23 deaths in 2011.Significance/Contribution to the FieldThis study at sub-national level in Russia shows initially promising effects of road safety interventions in improving seatbelt use and preventing future deaths.
REVISION OF JAPANESE SAFETY STANDARDS OF BICYCLE WHEEL GUARD FOR PREVENTING CHILDHOOD INJURY DUE TO WHEEL SPOKE
Authors: Yamanaka T , Kitamura K , Nishida Y 
Published: October 2012

Background/PurposeBased on our collected 17 966 cases of injury data, frequency distributions of injured parts of body (figure 1) can be calculated and it is useful for understanding trends of injuries. One of the most frequently injured parts due to bicycle is heel. We found more than 80% of the cases are injury due to wheel's spoke when children sit on a rear seat. To improve bicycle, it is necessary to collect children's body size data, especially data on the region that children's heel can reach.Figure 1Frequency distribution of injury due to bicycle.Figure 2Visualising software of reachable range.MethodsTo clarify the reachable range of child's foot when they sit on rear seat, we conducted an experiment for measuring child's body size and we developed software for estimating reachable range based on the measured body size data. The subjects are 197 children aged from 1-year-old to 9-years-old.ResultsThe result shows that the average value increases about 24 mm as a child's age increases 1-year-old. The safety standard of bicycle wheel guard was revised in November 2011 based on our data. According to revised standard, distance between seating face of rear seat and rear wheel must be more than 350 mm.ConclusionsWe found that data on injured body parts is useful for identifying a problem due to a consumer product such as a bicycle since it allows us to analyse injury data statistically and visually. To solve the identified problem, systematic measurement of children's body size is required.