bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Basis for Automated Control of Steam Trap Subcool in SAGD
Authors: Gotawala Dharmeshkumar R. , Gates Ian D. 
Published: November 2012

Summary
Full steam conformance along the well pair of the steam-assisted gravity-drainage (SAGD) oil-sands-recovery process is essential for high thermal efficiency. Conformance can be improved by controlling injection and production strategies to ensure that steam is delivered to target regions in the reservoir. Smart wells use interval-control valves (ICVs) that, conceptually, can be dynamically controlled to yield uniform steam injectivity along the well pair. Dynamic control algorithms, such as proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control and their associated controller parameters, have not yet been developed for the SAGD processes that use ICVs. One control strategy would be to control the interwell subcool temperature difference—that is, the difference between the steam-injection temperature and the produced-fluids temperature. If this temperature difference is small, then the liquid pool above the production well is small and there is a likelihood of live steam production from the chamber. On the other hand, if the difference is large, the pool may rise above the injection well and gravity drainage is hindered because the chamber is largely filled with liquid. Here, the focus is on developing a simple, approximate theory for the behavior of the liquid pool at the base of the steam chamber to determine the ranges of values of control parameters to achieve a targeted interwell subcool temperature difference.
Altering an Existing Well Design To Meet New BOEMRE Worst-Case Discharge Criteria
Authors: Bowman Steven 
Published: November 2012

Summary
The Moccasin exploration well in the deepwater Gulf of Mexico (GOM) was suspended before reaching planned total depth (TD) because of the GOM drilling moratorium imposed after the Macondo blowout. The well design had to be significantly altered to meet the new worst-case discharge criteria required by the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation, and Enforcement (BOEMRE) and to resume drilling while preserving a planned 10⅝-in. hole size at TD for formation-evaluation purposes. To meet the worst-case discharge collapse criteria, the well must survive an uncontrolled blowout at the mudline (seawater gradient to the wellhead with a flowing-oil gradient from the wellhead to TD). Furthermore, the well must survive shutting in the blowout, leaving the well fully evacuated to oil from the wellhead to the flowing zone (maximum anticipated wellhead pressure with an oil gradient to TD below).
The Moccasin well's 13⅝-in. liner had to be tied back to the wellhead to provide sufficient burst resistance for the case of full evacuation to oil. An exceptionally long 11⅞-in. liner and a short 11⅞-in. scab liner inside 13⅝-in. casing were required to mitigate deep collapse risk of the 13⅝-in. liner associated with a flowing, unrestricted blowout at the mudline.
Air-Foam-Injection Process: An Improved-Oil-Recovery Technique for Waterflooded Light-Oil Reservoirs
Authors: Dong X.. , Liu H.. , Sun P.. , Zheng J.. , Sun R.. 
Published: November 2012

Summary
With the intent of solving problems that emerge at the later stage of waterflooded reservoirs, we study the feasibility of air-foam flooding of waterflooded light-oil reservoirs using the method of physical simulation. Through isothermal combustion experiments, the influence of clay mineral and foam on low-temperature-oxidation (LTO) reactions is investigated qualitatively. Then, the quantitative investigation of water saturation on oxidation rate and O2 consumption rate is discussed. After that, some dynamic foam displacement experiments are also performed, including the singletube displacement experiments of air foam at different water saturations and enhanced-oil-recovery (EOR) experiments of air-foam flooding in parallel tubes. In addition, in order to verify the O2 consumption capacity of the sample oil, a slimtube experiment is conducted. The results show that the presence of clay minerals could speed the process of the LTO reaction, while the presence of foam will slow this process. The LTO reaction is not significantly associated with oil viscosity. The concentration of O2 was near zero when the gas breakthrough occurred. Once the oxidation region reached the outlet, the concentration of O2 suddenly increased, and the effect of O2 consumption became worse. G64-38 crude oil performs better in the process of O2 consumption. The injection of air foam could effectively plug the high-permeability tube and restart the low-permeability tube. This paper could be used as a tool for the successful design of air-foam flooding at a later waterflood stage to enhance crude-oil recovery in light-oil reservoirs.
Satisfaction with orthodontic treatment
Authors: Keles Filiz , Bos Annemieke 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
To examine the satisfaction of patients with their orthodontic treatment at the Department of Orthodontics at the Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA) in The Netherlands.

Materials and Methods:
To analyze differences in satisfaction through time, the results of patients treated at ACTA in 2008 and 2009 were compared with the results of patients treated at ACTA in 2000. A validated questionnaire about patient satisfaction was used. The total scale was divided into six subscales. A questionnaire was sent to all patients younger than 30 years who finished orthodontic treatment in 2008 and 2009 at ACTA.

Results:
The internal consistency of the total scale and the six subscales of the questionnaire was satisfactory. Respondents scored highest on items about satisfaction with the doctor-patient relationship (mean 4.24; SD 0.63) and lowest on items regarding their satisfaction with psychosocial improvement (mean 2.88; SD 0.87). Compared to the results of the sample from 2000, significant differences were found on the subscales doctor-patient relationship, residual category, and psychosocial improvement as well as on the total sum scale.

Conclusions:
The doctor-patient relationship remains the most important factor contributing to patient satisfaction. However, the results show that, overall, patients are more satisfied with their orthodontic treatment than patients were a decade ago.
Accuracy of three-dimensional and two-dimensional ultrasonography for measurement of tumor volume in dogs with transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder
Authors: Naughton James F. , Widmer William R. , Constable Peter D. , Knapp Deborah W. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Objective—To determine the accuracy of 3-D and 2-D ultrasonography for quantification of tumor volume in dogs with transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urinary bladder.
Animals—10 dogs with biopsy-confirmed TCC.
Procedures—The urinary bladder of each dog was distended with saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (5.0 mL/kg), and masses were measured via 3-D and 2-D ultrasonography. Masses were also measured via 3-D ultrasonography after bladders were distended with 2.5 and 1.0 mL of saline solution/kg. Subsequently, the bladder was deflated and distended with CO2 (5.0 mL/kg); CT was performed after IV contrast medium administration. Tumor volumes were calculated via 3-D ultrasonography, 2-D ultrasonography, and CT (reference method) and compared via ANOVA, Deming regression, and Bland-Altman plots. Repeated-measures ANOVA was used to assess effects of bladder distension on 3-D tumor volume measurements. Repeatability of measurements was estimated via the coefficient of variation for each method.
Results—Repeatability was considered good for all 3 methods. There was no significant difference in tumor volume measurements obtained via 3-D ultrasonography at different degrees of urinary bladder distension. Results of Deming regression and Bland-Altman plots indicated excellent agreement between tumor volume measurement with 3-D ultrasonography and CT, but not between 2-D ultrasonography and CT.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Tumor volume in dogs with TCC of the urinary bladder was accurately measured via 3-D ultrasonography. Use of 3-D ultrasonography can provide a less expensive and more practical method for monitoring response to treatment than CT and was more accurate than 2-D ultrasonography.
Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of virulent and avirulent multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from diarrheic neonatal calves
Authors: Barigye Robert , Gautam Ablesh , Piche Lisa M. , Schaan Lynn P. , Krogh Darlene F. , Olet Susan 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Objective—To determine the prevalence of selected virulence genes and the antimicrobial susceptibility of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli isolated from diarrheic neonatal calves.
Sample—97 E coli isolates from diarrheic neonatal calves.
Procedures—E coli isolates were tested via PCR assay for 6 virulence genes and susceptibility to 17 drugs belonging to 9 classes. A 2-sample test of proportions was used to make comparisons between proportions of virulent and avirulent MDR isolates.
Results—23 of 97 (23.7%) isolates were virulent, and 74 (76.3%) were avirulent. Of the 23 virulent isolates, 15 (65.2%) were positive for K99, 14 (60.9%) for F41, 12 (52.2%) for STa, 9 (39.1%) for Stx1, 6 (26.1%) for intimin, and 0 (0%) for Stx2. Twenty of 23 (87.0%) virulent isolates expressed ≥ 2 virulence genes, and 3 of 23 (13.0%) were positive for 1 virulence factor. Eight of 23 (34.8%) virulent isolates expressed STa, K99, and F41, whereas 1 of 23 (4.4%) was positive for STa, F41, intimin, and Stx1. The second most frequent gene pattern was Stx1 and intimin. Twenty of 23 (87.0%) virulent isolates were MDR; the highest prevalence of resistance was recorded for the macrolide-lincosides, followed by the tetracyclines and penicillins. Also, 17 of 23 (74.0%) virulent isolates were resistant to sulfadimethoxine, and 10 of 23 (43.5%) were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Additionally, 60 of 74 (81.0%) avirulent isolates were MDR.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The prevalence of multidrug resistance was comparable for virulent and avirulent E coli isolated from diarrheic neonatal calves. Cephalosporins and aminoglycosides had reasonable susceptibility.
Effect of leukoreduction treatment on vascular endothelial growth factor concentration in stored canine blood transfusion products
Authors: Graf Christine , Raila Jens , Schweigert Florian J. , Kohn Barbara 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) concentrations in canine blood products treated with or without a leukoreduction filter.
Sample—10 canine blood donors.
Procedures—Dogs underwent blood collection. Five of 10 units were leukoreduced prior to separation into packed RBCs and fresh frozen plasma (FFP). Concentrations of VEGF were measured by ELISA in plasma supernatants from aliquots of packed RBCs obtained immediately after separation and on days 7, 14, and 21 of storage. Fresh frozen plasma samples of 2 filtered and 2 nonfiltered units were examined after storage.
Results—RBC counts in whole blood before and after leukoreduction did not differ significantly, but WBCs and platelets were removed effectively. The VEGF concentration was lower than the detection limit (9 pg/mL) in 9 of 10 plasma samples and in all packed RBC and FFP units immediately after separation. The median VEGF concentrations in 5 nonfiltered packed RBC units were 37, 164, and 110 pg/mL on days 7, 14, and 21 of storage, respectively. In 5 filtered packed RBC and all FFP units, VEGF concentrations remained lower than the detection limit.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Leukoreduction filters were effective in preventing the release of VEGF during storage of canine RBC products.
Effects of leukotriene C4 on the bioelectric properties and ion transport of equine tracheal epithelium
Authors: Lester Guy D. , Rice Brett L. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Objective—To determine effects of leukotriene (LT) C4 on ion transport across equine tracheal epithelium.
Sample—Tracheal epithelium from cadavers of 24 horses considered free of respiratory tract disease.
Procedures—Mucosae were mounted into Ussing chambers, and short-circuit current (Isc) was monitored over time. Effects of LTC4 were examined for various conditions, including addition of amiloride (10μM) to the mucosal bath solution, addition of bumetanide (10μM) to the serosal bath solution, addition of barium (1mM) to the serosal bath solution, and substitution of gluconate for chloride and HEPES for bicarbonate in bath solutions. Electrolyte transport was assessed via 22Na and 36Cl isotope fluxes.
Results—Addition of LTC4 (50nM) to the serosal bath solution caused an increase in Isc for basal conditions and a larger increase after pretreatment with amiloride. The increase was negated in part by the addition of bumetanide to the serosal bath solution and further reduced by substitution of HEPES for bicarbonate in bath solutions. Remaining current was reduced to values less than those before treatment with LTC4 by the addition of barium to the serosal solution. There was a small increase in Isc after the addition of amiloride and substitution of gluconate for chloride. Radioisotope flux indicated that addition of LTC4 to the serosal bath solution increased chloride secretion and reduced sodium absorption.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—LTC4 stimulated chloride secretion through a predominately bumetanide-sensitive pathway, with a smaller contribution from a bicarbonate-dependent pathway. Thus, LTC4 appears to be a potential mediator of airway hypersecretion in horses.
Use of and satisfaction of pet owners with a clinical behavior service in a companion animal specialty referral practice
Authors: Herron Meghan E. , Lord Linda K. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Objective—To determine whether availability of a veterinary behavior service aids in the recruitment of clients to a referral practice who may not have chosen to visit a referral practice otherwise and to assess the priorities and satisfaction of first-time clients.
Design—Prospective survey study.
Sample—87 questionnaires completed by pet owners.
Procedures—Owners of dogs and cats visiting the Behavior Medicine Clinic, a veterinary behavior service, at The Ohio State University Veterinary Medical Center for the first time were asked to participate in a 10-question survey at the end of their initial appointment.
Results—59 of 87 (68%) new clients had never visited the Veterinary Medical Center for any other specialty service; in addition, 56 of 87 (64%) had never taken a pet to any specialty practice prior to their appointment with the Behavior Medicine Clinic. Seventy-four of 85 (87%) clients reported that they were likely to bring their pet to another specialty service on the basis of their experience with the Behavior Medicine Clinic.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—On the basis of the survey findings, availability of veterinary behavior services may result in recruitment of first-time clients to a referral center. Clients' experience with a veterinary behavior service may increase their likelihood of visiting other specialty practices within the same hospital, potentially increasing revenue for the entire practice.
Seizures following head trauma in dogs: 259 cases (1999–2009)
Authors: Friedenberg Steven G. , Butler Amy L. , Wei Lai , Moore Sarah A. , Cooper Edward S. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Objective—To determine whether dogs with head trauma have a greater incidence of seizures than the general canine patient population.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—259 client-owned dogs.
Procedures—Medical records of dogs evaluated for head trauma at The Ohio State University Veterinary Medical Center from 1999 to 2009 were reviewed. Data were collected regarding the cause of the head trauma, physical examination and neurologic examination findings, comorbidities, and the development of seizures during hospitalization. A telephone survey was conducted to question owners regarding the development of seizures after discharge. Relationships between the nature of the head trauma and the development of seizures were then examined.
Results—3.5% of dogs with head trauma developed in-hospital seizures, and 6.8% of dogs with head trauma for which follow-up information was available developed seizures after hospital discharge, compared with an epilepsy rate of 1.4% in our hospital. Dogs that developed in-hospital seizures were significantly more likely to have been hit by a car or experienced acceleration-deceleration injury. Additionally, 10% of dogs with traumatic brain injury had in-hospital seizures. No visit or patient characteristics were significantly associated with the development of out-of-hospital seizures.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Dogs with head trauma may develop seizures at a greater rate than dogs in the general canine patient population. Particularly in the immediate to early posttraumatic period, clinicians should remain vigilant for the development of posttraumatic seizures and treat patients accordingly.
Echocardiographic and electrocardiographic findings in client-owned ferrets: 95 cases (1994–2009)
Authors: Malakoff Rebecca L. , Laste Nancy J. , Orcutt Connie J. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Objective—To characterize echocardiographic and ECG findings in ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) evaluated at a clinical practice.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—95 client-owned ferrets.
Procedures—Medical records of all ferrets that had a cardiac evaluation (echocardiogram with or without ECG) performed between January 1994 and November 2009 were reviewed. Data analyzed included signalment; primary clinical sign or physical examination finding that prompted cardiac evaluation; echocardiographic diagnosis; ECG diagnosis; radiographic diagnosis (if radiographs were obtained within 1 month before or after the echocardiogram); presence of congestive heart failure (CHF) defined as pulmonary edema, pleural effusion, or ascites determined to be of cardiac origin; and any available follow-up echocardiographic or ECG diagnoses.
Results—Valvular regurgitation (VR) was the most common abnormal echocardiographic finding and was diagnosed in 49 of 95 ferrets, of which 44 had aortic VR, 24 had mitral VR, and 23 had > 1 valve affected. Congestive heart failure was diagnosed in 17 of 95 ferrets, which included all 4 ferrets that had dilated cardiomyopathy. Of the 65 ferrets with ECG results, 26 had atrioventricular block, of which 7 had third-degree atrioventricular block and 6 had CHF, syncope, or weakness.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The most frequent echocardiographic abnormality found in ferrets was VR, most commonly affecting the aortic and mitral valves. Dilated cardiomyopathy was infrequently diagnosed but was generally associated with CHF. The most frequent ECG abnormality was atrioventricular block, and third-degree atrioventricular block was often associated with CHF, weakness, or syncope.
Insulin glargine treatment of a ferret with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Hess Laurie 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Case Description—A 7.5-year-old spayed female ferret was evaluated because of weight loss despite a good appetite. Pancreatic insulinoma had been diagnosed at another animal hospital on the basis of detection of low blood glucose concentration on 1 occasion; however, concurrent determination of blood insulin concentration was not performed. The ferret had been treated SC with methylprednisolone acetate (unknown dosage) every 30 days for 2 years. No follow-up data regarding blood glucose concentration were available.
Clinical Findings—On physical examination, the ferret was thin (weight, 0.619 kg [1.36 lb]) and bruised easily. Serum biochemical analysis revealed hyperglycemia (blood glucose concentration, 855 mg/dL; reference range, 63 to 134 mg/dL).
Treatment and Outcome—Glucocorticoid injections were discontinued, and the ferret was administered prednisolone (1.13 mg/kg [0.51 mg/lb], q 12 h for 14 days, then 0.56 mg/kg [0.25 mg/lb], q 12 h for 7 days) orally. After prednisolone administration was discontinued, hyperglycemia and weight loss persisted. The ferret was administered insulin glargine (0.5 U) SC; blood glucose concentration was monitored every 2 hours for 24 hours, at which time the value had decreased to nearly within reference range. The owner continued insulin glargine administration at that dose every 12 hours; after 77 days of treatment, the ferret's weight was 0.731 kg (1.61 lb), which was considered normal, and blood glucose concentration was within reference range.
Clinical Relevance—Regular SC administration of insulin glargine was successful in the treatment of diabetes mellitus in the ferret of this report and may be effective for other diabetic ferrets.
The efficacy of diode laser removal of leukoplakias on the tongue and in lower buccal cavity compared to other buccal cavity locations. A two-year study
Authors: Vlk Marek , Smucler Roman 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Introduction. Leukoplakias of the buccal cavity are premalignant lesions with a significant 0–20% potential for malignant transformation. In addition to active follow-up screening procedures, a number of surgical interventions are recommended for their removal. One of the preferred procedures is laser ablation with consecutive histopathology using one of the many types of lasers. The efficacy of such procedure with respect to the lesion location is, however, unclear. Many studies are contradictory. Some shows laser ablations as prevention of malignisation other see it as increased risk. Aim of this is to test treatment in different locations for two years. Material and method. An outpatient ablation by a 980mm diode laser of lesions on the tongue and in the lower buccal cavity (Group A) and lesions in other parts of the buccal cavity (Group B) were performed under local anaesthesia. In total, 76 lesions were treated in 66 patients. Recurrence after 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 months were followed up. Initially, all lesions were histopathologically tested. Concurrently, the subjective tolerance of the procedure was monitored, using a 1 (ideal) to 5 (worst) scale. Results. Clearing rate of lesions was of 84.6% for Group A and of 94.7% for Group B. In two patients (3% of Group A) malignant transformation occurred which was not observed in Group B. Patient toleration in various time intervals was always higher in Group B, but generally was very high in both groups. Conclusion. Malignant transformation of leukoplakias does occur even after laser ablation, and for this reason it is necessary to subject the patients to systematic follow-ups. It is significantly higher risk of recurrences and malign transformation in tongue and oral base. Laser ablation is a simple and well-tolerated procedure with high clearing rate.