bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CRISPR-Cas9-mediated mutagenesis of the flowering repressor gene VcCENTRORADIALIS (VcCEN) induces early flowering in tetraploid highbush blueberry
Authors: Omori Masafumi , Yamane Hisayo , Osakabe Keishi , Osakabe Yuriko , Tao Ryutaro 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Flowering marks the vegetative-to-reproductive growth transition and is the most important event in the plant life cycle. Unlike annual plants, perennial fruit trees flower and set fruits only after an extended juvenile phase (i.e., several years), which is an impediment to efficient breeding and gene function analyses. In this study, we generated an early flowering blueberry line via the CRISPR-Cas9-mediated mutagenesis of VcCENTRORADIALIS (VcCEN). The expression of VcCEN in the apical bud was negatively correlated with flower bud formation. Moreover, in the cultivar that flowers in both autumn and spring, the VcCEN expression level was lower and decreased earlier than in the normal cultivar that flowers in only spring. The expression data suggested that VcCEN functions as a flowering repressor. The CRISPR-Cas9 vector harboring a gRNA targeting VcCENwas introduced into the blueberry genome via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Mutations (e.g., 1–10 bp indels) were detected in the stable transformants, with all VcCEN alleles of the tetraploid genome mutated in some lines. Compared with the wild-type (WT), the cen mutants exhibited repressed vegetative growth. Additionally, in the mutants, first flowering occurred within 1 year after the Agrobacterium infection, which was approximately 1–2 years earlier than in WT. The mutants set a single terminal flower without entering dormancy, whereas WT produced an apical flower and multiple axillary flowers that bloomed after an exposure to chilling conditions and then warm temperatures. This early flowering trait is conducive to efficient breeding and gene functional analyses, especially in fruit crops with a long juvenile phase.
Risk prediction of Metabolic and Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases in Myeloid Leukaemia: A meta-analysis
Authors: Brhanie Tsegahun Worku , Brhanie Belayneh Worku 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background: In persons with leukemia, cardiovascular diseases are a major source of morbidity and mortality. Since metabolic abnormalities are cardiovascular risk factors, they are also related to cardiovascular problems in leukemic patients. Methods: Utilizing research from the databases of Mendeley, Google Scholar, and PubMed from October 6–October 25, 2021. "Acute myeloid leukemia" or "chronic myeloid leukemia" "polycythemia Vera" or "Essential thrombocythemia" or "myelofibrosis" or "myelodysplastic syndrome" as well as "metabolic" or "cardiovascular" or "cerebrovascular disorders" are search terms. The analysis includes 12 papers totaling 4550 CML cases that met the inclusion criteria. We utilized a random effect model to calculate each study's odd ratio, relative risk, and risk difference with a 95% confidence interval. The publication bias and heterogeneity were examined using a funnel plot and an I test.
On-chip graphene photodetectors with a nonvolatile p−i−n homojunction
Authors: Gan Xuetao , Tian Ruijuan , Ji Yingke , Li Chen , Zhang Yong , Wu Xianghu , Wang Jianguo , Jia Shuaiwei , Liu Liang , Zhang Mingwen , Zhang Yu , Zhang Qiao , Xie Zhuang , Gao Duorui , Liu Yan , Zhao Jianlin , Sun Zhipei 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Graphene’s unique photothermoelectric (PTE) effect, combined with its compatibility for on-chip fabrication, promises its development in chip-integrated photodetectors with ultralow dark-current and ultrafast speed. Previous designs of on-chip graphene photodetectors required external electrical biases or gate voltages to separate photocarriers, leading to increased power consumption and complex circuitry. Here, we demonstrate a nonvolatile graphene p − i−n homojunction constructed on a silicon photonic crystal waveguide, which facilitates PTE-based photodetection without the need for electrical bias or gate voltages. By designing an air-slotted photonic crystal waveguide as two individual silicon back gates and employing ferroelectric dielectrics with remnant polarization fields, the nonvolatile p–i–n homojunction with a clear gradient of Seebeck coefficient is electrically configured. Hot-carriers in the graphene channel generated from the absorption of waveguide evanescent field are separated by the nonvolatile p–i–n homojunction effectively to yield considerable photocurrents. With zero-bias and zero-gate voltage, the nonvolatile graphene p–i–n homojunction photodetector integrated on the optical waveguide exhibits high and flat responsivity of 193 mA/W over the broadband wavelength range of 1560–1630 nm and an ultrafast dynamics bandwidth of 17 GHz measured in the limits of our instruments. With the high-performance on-chip photodetection, the nonvolatile graphene homojunction directly constructed on silicon photonic circuits promises the extended on-chip functions of optoelectronic synapse, in-memory sensing and computing, and neuromorphic computing.
Global warming effects of cropland expansion by reduction of biogenic secondary organic aerosols
Authors: Fu Pingqing , Zhu Jialei , Penner Joyce , Hong Chaopeng , Liu Hao , Zhao Xi , Deng Junjun , Liu Cong-Qiang , Zhang Qiang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Cropland expansion has been the most significant global land use change since industrialization. However, assessments of radiative forcing from land use change have overlooked the secondary organic aerosol (SOA) radiative effects of cropland expansion. Sensitivity experiments using an Earth system model with cutting-edge SOA processes reveal a ~10% decrease in biogenic SOA burden due to cropland expansion since industrialization, weakening SOA's scattering effect on radiation and cloud formation, resulting in a 146 mW m-2 decline in its cooling effect, equivalent to 8% of CO2-induced warming since industrialization. This effect is projected to increase by approximately half under future climate warming and reduced emissions. Policies addressing food security and climate change should account for the radiative impact of biogenic SOA from cropland expansion.
Machine Learning Approaches for Fall Detection Using Integrated Data from Multi-Brand Sensors
Authors: BUZPINAR Mehmet Akif 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Falls are a major health concern across all age groups, leading to severe injuries and even death. Wearable sensor-based fall detection systems using accelerometers, gyroscopes, and magnetometers (inertial measurement units, IMUs) have emerged as a promising solution. Existing research primarily utilizes data from a single brand of IMU. This study addresses this limitation by proposing a multi-sensor data fusion approach for enhanced fall detection accuracy with Machine Learning. We present a novel approach that combines data from two different commercially available IMUs: Motion Trackers Wireless (MTW) and a custom-designed Activity Tracking Device (ATD). A hybrid dataset encompassing data from 44 volunteers was created, capturing both fall and daily activity information from sensors positioned on the waist. The data was organized in a time-series format to capture the sequential nature of fall events. Ten machine learning (ML) classifiers were trained and evaluated on unseen data using a data splitting method. The Extra Trees algorithm achieved the best performance on the hybrid dataset, with an accuracy of 99.54%, precision of 99.18%, recall of 99.79%, and F-score of 99.49%. This demonstrates the effectiveness of multi-sensor data fusion in creating a highly accurate fall detection system with minimal false alarms, utilizing data from various IMU brands. This study highlights the potential of combining data from different sensors to improve fall detection accuracy, paving the way for more robust and brand-agnostic fall detection systems with time series and ML based approach.
Multi-Level Defense Strategy for Vertical Federated Learning Against Label Inference Attacks
Authors: Wang Linlong , Xu Chungen , Zhang Pan , Liu Yiting 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Vertical federated learning (VFL) is increasingly recognized as an indispensable paradigm. Especially in the medical field, where the protection of data privacy plays an indispensable role. In the healthcare domain, adherence to stringent regulatory frameworks such as GDPR and HIPAA is indispensable. VFL facilitates a collaborative approach among institutions, enabling the prediction of disease risks without collecting sensitive patient data. However, VFL remains susceptible to label inference attacks, wherein malicious entities may extrapolate personal data from the exchanged intermediate results. To address the above challenge, we propose a strategic mechanism known as the balanced noise
injection strategy (BNIS). This strategy is designed to meticulously regulate the introduction of noise, achieving a trade-off between privacy preservation and model accuracy.

Moreover, to bolster our framework, we propose the multi-loss defense strategy (MLDS), an innovative defense explicitly engineered to withstand direct label inference attacks with resilience. Extensive evaluations on four benchmark datasets demonstrate that our approach defenses against passive attacks and yields a significant improvement in accuracy compared to the prevailing FL similar gradient (FLSG) benchmark. Furthermore, MLDS concurrently addresses breaches in label inference and greatly enhances the precision of the model.
Translational Insights for the Development of Electromagnetic Devices for Rehabilitation and Palliative Medicine: An Analytical Hierarchy Process Contribution
Authors: Gaspary João Francisco Pollo , Gaspary Fernanda Peron , Beltrame Rafael Concatto , Ruiz-Padillo Alejandro , Simão Eder Maiquel , Lopes Luis Felipe Dias , Rosa Carmen Brum , Siluk Julio Cezar Mairesse 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

In the face of ongoing scientific debates over biomedical electromagnetic devices like TENS, TMS, tDCS, and PEMF, this study leverages the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to establish a ranking system that aids in the selection process for clinical research purposes. By adopting a structured Work Package Methodology, our interdisciplinary team dissected the research into six distinct phases, ranging from management and supervision to the development of guiding principles and the application of AHP for device evaluation. This approach led to the identification of nine critical selection criteria, including the minimization of external electromagnetic influences, device multifunctionality, cost-effectiveness, and the ability to induce relaxation and well-being in users. Notably, our analysis revealed that a hypothetical 'NEW' device outperformed existing technologies, suggesting a significant opportunity for innovation in this space. The findings advocate for enhanced translational research to bridge the theoretical and practical applications of electromagnetic technology in medicine. We propose that future endeavors should focus on creating new electromagnetic devices that align with the identified criteria, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of clinical research in the field of biomedical electromagnetics.
Alvimopan for Postoperative Ileus following Abdominal Surgery: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kayyale Ahmed Ali , Ghani Salman , Olaniyan Oluwatito 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Postoperative ileus (POI) is a frequent complication of abdominal surgeries, prolonging hospital stays and increasing the risk of complications, leading to poorer patient outcomes. Alvimopan, a peripherally acting µ opioid antagonist, helps restore normal bowel function post-surgery. Although clinical trials have shown its benefits, definitive guidelines for its use are lacking, leading to its underutilisation in clinical practice.
Objective
This review evaluates the efficacy and safety of Alvimopan in reducing the risk of POI and shortening hospital stays for patients undergoing abdominal surgeries.
Methods
A comprehensive search of PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library was conducted. Studies were included based on the PICO framework, focusing on Alvimopan's impact on postoperative gastrointestinal recovery. Primary outcomes were time to gastrointestinal function recovery (GI-3) and hospital stay duration.
Results
Ten studies met the inclusion criteria, encompassing 18,822 patients undergoing various abdominal surgeries. Administration of Alvimopan 6 mg accelerated gastrointestinal function recovery by an average of 14 hours (Hazard ratio: 1.62, p = 0.002) and reduced hospital stays by 5.2 hours (Hazard ratio: 1.52, p = 0.04) compared to placebo. Similarly, Alvimopan 12 mg reduced GI-3 recovery time by 13.5 hours (Hazard ratio: 1.58, p = 0.02) and hospital stay duration by 6.2 hours (Hazard ratio: 1.46, p = 0.018).
Conclusion
Alvimopan shows promise in reducing POI and hospital stay durations following abdominal surgeries. Incorporating Alvimopan into perioperative care protocols could improve patient outcomes and reduce healthcare costs. Further research is needed to evaluate its effects on laparoscopic and other surgical procedures.
Revealing permafrost continuity across a northern watershed with airborne electromagnetics
Authors: Conway-White Oliver , Steelman Colby , Smiarowski Adam , Rudolph David 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Accelerated permafrost thawing in warming northern climates may alter groundwater-surface water dynamics, thereby impacting hydrologic and ecologic functions, and the potential release of stored carbon species as greenhouse gases. Such rapid changes to the hydrologic system will present unique challenges for many northern communities including changes in land surface features, water fluxes and quality, and wildlife habitat. Here, we present the results of an airborne frequency-domain electromagnetic survey conducted over a discontinuous permafrost region within the Central Mackenzie Valley in Northwest Territories, Canada. Electrical resistivity measurements within the upper 100 metres were gathered across a geologically complex environment where permafrost variability is hypothesized to be impacting the groundwater-surface water system. A comparison of permafrost observations from boreholes with resistivity measurements allowed delineation of frozen conditions in shallow surficial sediments and underlying bedrock. Observed vertical and lateral variability in permafrost extent around lakes and streams indicates direct connectivity between surface water, overburden, and bedrock stratigraphic units. Conversely, extensive permafrost along and below the expansive Mackenzie River reveal relatively continuous permafrost occurrence limiting interaction with deeper groundwater. High-resolution investigations of permafrost dynamics will be critical in understanding the effects of its rapid degradation due to warming climatic conditions within northern landscapes.
Impact of Porcine Enzootic Pneumonia and Pleuropneumonia lesions on Carcass Weight and Meatiness: Quantitative Insights from a Mixed-Model Analysis
Authors: Przyborowska Paulina , Lewko-Wojtowicz Renata , Cybulski Piotr , Dominiek Maes , Tobolski Dawid 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC) significantly impacts the global pig industry, causing substantial economic losses. This study aimed to quantify the effects of cranio-ventral pulmonary consolidation (CVPC) and pleurisy on carcass weight and meatiness in finishing pigs. We employed a mixed-model analysis to assess lung lesions at slaughter and their correlation with production parameters across seven pig farms.
Results
The mean prevalence of lesions was 23.8% for CVPC and 15.4% for pleurisy. Pigs with severe lung lesions (> 15.1%) showed significantly lower ADCWG compared to those without lesions (0.951 vs. 0.997 kg/day, p = 0.024). The mixed-effects model revealed that lesions in the right apical lobe and dorso-caudal pleurisy were associated with significant reductions in carcass weight (-2.77 kg and − 2.29 kg, respectively) and carcass meat (-1.76 kg and − 1.43 kg, respectively). An economic analysis under average market price conditions demonstrated that severe lung lesions could lead to losses of up to 11.53 EUR per affected pig.
Conclusions
This study provides quantitative evidence of the negative impact of CVPC and pleurisy on carcass weight and meatiness in finishing pigs. The findings underscore the importance of effective respiratory disease management in swine production, highlighting potential areas for targeted interventions to improve animal health and economic outcomes.
Identification, genomic localization, and functional validation of salt-stress-related lncRNAs in Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea L.)
Authors: Tribhuvan Kishor U. , Shivakumaraswamy M , Mishra Twinkle , Kaur Simardeep , Sarkar Biplab , Pattanayak A. , Singh Binay K. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea L.) is a globally cultivated winter oilseed crop of the rapeseed-mustard group. In India, it is mainly grown in the semi-arid northwest agroclimatic zone, known for high soil salinity. In this regard, enhancing salt stress tolerance in B. juncea is critical for sustaining its production in the region. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical roles in coordinating gene expression under various abiotic stresses, including salt stress, but their involvement in salt stress response in B. juncea remains largely unknown. In this study, we conducted RNA-seq analysis on control, salt-stressed, and salt-shocked young leaves of the salt-tolerant B. juncea var. CS-52. We identified 3,602 differentially expressed transcripts between stress versus control and shock versus control samples. Among these, 61 were identified as potential lncRNAs, with 21 specific to salt stress and 40 specific to salt shock. Out of the 21 lncRNAs specific to salt stress, 15 were upregulated and six were downregulated, while all 40 lncRNAs unique to salt shock were downregulated. The chromosomal distribution analysis of lncRNAs revealed their uneven placement across 18 chromosomes in B. juncea. RNA-RNA interaction analysis identified 26 interactions between 10 lncRNAs and 23 miRNAs and predicted 13 interactions between six miRNAs and 13 mRNAs. Finally, six lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA interaction networks were established, involving five lncRNAs, 13 miRNAs, and 23 mRNAs. qRT-PCR analysis revealed the upregulation of four out of five lncRNAs along with their target mRNAs, supporting their involvement in the salt stress response in B. juncea.
When Multiple Instance Learning Meets Foundation Models: Advancing Histological Whole Slide Image Analysis
Authors: Lu Cheng , Xu Hongming , Wang Mingkang , Shi Duanbo , Qin Hua-Min , Madabhushi Anant , Gao Peng , Cong Fengyu 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Deep multiple instance learning (MIL) pipelines are the mainstream weakly supervised learning methodologies for whole slide image (WSI) classification. However, it remains unclear how these widely-used approaches compare to each other, given the recent proliferation of foundation models for patch-level embedding and the diversity of slide-level aggregations. This paper implemented and systematically compared six foundation models and six recent MIL methods by organizing different feature extractions and aggregations across five clinically relevant end-to-end prediction tasks using WSIs from 3277 patients with two different cancer types. We tested state-of-the-art (SOTA) foundation models in computational pathology, including CTransPath, PathoDuet, PLIP, CONCH, and UNI, as patch-level feature extractors. Feature aggregators, such as attention-based pooling, transformers, and dynamic graphs were thoroughly tested. Our experiments on Breast cancer grading, biomarker status prediction, and Glioma grading suggest that foundation models trained with more diverse histological images provide better patch-level feature embeddings, significantly enhancing slide-level MIL classification performance. Feature re-embedding online for slide-level aggregations can often further improve WSI classification performance. These findings motivate the development of advanced domain-relevant foundation models for various downstream classification tasks and the design of appropriate slide-level aggregators for task-specific diagnoses in clinical practice.
Clinical characteristics of patients with hidradenoma and hidradenocarcinoma: A multicenter retrospective review
Authors: Saberi Shahin A. , Hazen TJ , Malik Rhea , Sanchez-Melendez Stephanie N. , Salazar Carlos E. , Nambudiri Vinod E. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Hidradenoma is an uncommon benign neoplasm of sweat gland origin, and its malignant counterpart, hidradenocarcinoma, presents with similar morphology and histology and can behave aggressively with metastasis and recurrence. These adnexal tumors represent a diagnostic challenge, and to provide a more robust clinical context of hidradenoma and hidradenocarcinoma, we performed a natural-language query for corresponding medical records from January 2000 through April 2023 in our center. 64 cases met the criteria for analysis with diagnoses of hidradenoma (n = 39), hidradenocarcinoma (n = 20), or malignant transformation from hidradenoma to hidradenocarcinoma (n = 5). Information on patient demographics, tumor location, treatment modalities, and disease outcomes were collected. Overall, this review highlights the real-life clinical context of hidradenoma/hidradenocarcinoma in a medical center. Tumors were identified on every major body surface; wide local excision is the standard of care, while chemotherapy and radiation were used sparingly, and recurrence, malignant transformation, and disease-associated morbidity are rare.
Characterization of PuGa (1at%. Ga) Oxidation under Dry Oxygen Atmosphere Exposure
Authors: Favart N. , Ravat B. , Jolly L. , Zacharie-Aubrun I. , Martin P. , Menut D. , Popa I. , Oudot B. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The oxidation of δ−stabilized plutonium alloy has been studied under dry oxygen exposures for temperatures varying from 100°C up to 300°C and oxygen partial pressures varying from 10− 4 up to 500 mbar. The coupling of X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and FIB-SEM has allowed to show that the oxide scale is composed of an outer layer of PuO2 and an inner mixed layer of α+β−Pu2O3 platelets propagating into a metallic zone corresponding to the stable phase of unalloyed Pu. Furthermore, the analysis of Pu oxidation kinetics has displayed first a parabolic growth governed by the diffusion of interstitial oxygen. This step consists in the thickening of the Pu2O3 layer with a decrease in α−Pu2O3 ratio in favour of β−Pu2O3. Then, a second step occurs consisting in a linear growth of the PuO2−layer with the formation of thick nodules which tend to cover the whole oxide surface. Based on the results of this work, a general oxidation mechanism for δ−Pu alloy is provided.