bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exposure of trees to drought‐induced die‐off is defined by a common climatic threshold across different vegetation types
Authors: Mitchell Patrick J. , O'Grady Anthony P. , Hayes Keith R. , Pinkard Elizabeth A. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIncreases in drought and temperature stress in forest and woodland ecosystems are thought to be responsible for the rise in episodic mortality events observed globally. However, key climatic drivers common to mortality events and the impacts of future extreme droughts on tree survival have not been evaluated. Here, we characterize climatic drivers associated with documented tree die‐off events across Australia using standardized climatic indices to represent the key dimensions of drought stress for a range of vegetation types. We identify a common probabilistic threshold associated with an increased risk of die‐off across all the sites that we examined. We show that observed die‐off events occur when water deficits and maximum temperatures are high and exist outside 98% of the observed range in drought intensity; this threshold was evident at all sites regardless of vegetation type and climate. The observed die‐off events also coincided with at least one heat wave (three consecutive days above the 90th percentile for maximum temperature), emphasizing a pivotal role of heat stress in amplifying tree die‐off and mortality processes. The joint drought intensity and maximum temperature distributions were modeled for each site to describe the co‐occurrence of both hot and dry conditions and evaluate future shifts in climatic thresholds associated with the die‐off events. Under a relatively dry and moderate warming scenario, the frequency of droughts capable of inducing significant tree die‐off across Australia could increase from 1 in 24 years to 1 in 15 years by 2050, accompanied by a doubling in the occurrence of associated heat waves. By defining commonalities in drought conditions capable of inducing tree die‐off, we show a strong interactive effect of water and high temperature stress and provide a consistent approach for assessing changes in the exposure of ecosystems to extreme drought events.
Asymmetric Synthesis of 3,4,6‐Trisubstituted 2,5‐Diketopiperazines by Using Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of α‐Bromo Tertiary Acetamides
Authors: Baek Jinho , Kang Seock Yong , Im Chan , Park Yong Sun 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA new and efficient method for the asymmetric synthesis of 3,4,6‐trisubstituted 2,5‐diketopiperazines has been developed. The dynamic kinetic resolution of L‐amino‐acid‐derived α‐bromo tertiary amides in the nucleophilic substitution reaction with p‐anisidine and a subsequent deprotection‐cyclization process provides rapid access to diverse cis‐2,5‐diketopiperazines 5a–5o and proline‐containing trans‐2,5‐diketopiperazines 5p–5t in enantiomerically pure form in 45–67 % overall yields.
The Risk Management of Minimum Return Guarantees
Authors: Mahayni Antje , Schlögl Erik 
Published: March 2014

AbstractContracts paying a guaranteed minimum rate of return and a fraction of a positive excess rate, which is specified relative to a benchmark portfolio, are closely related to unit-linked life-insurance products and can be considered as alternatives to direct investment in the underlying benchmark. They contain an embedded power option, and the key issue is the tractable and realistic hedging of this option, in order to rigorously justify valuation by arbitrage arguments and prevent the guarantees from becoming uncontrollable liabilities to the issuer. We show how to determine the contract parameters conservatively and implement robust risk-management strategies.
They’re Natural and Everywhere: How Evaluative Practices Permeate the Organization
Authors: Maier Florentine , Brandl Julia 
Published: March 2014

AbstractHow do evaluative practices become natural and ubiquitous in an organization? In this paper we integrate findings from previous empirical work on the adoption of evaluative practices in organizations with insights from institutional theory and social psychology research for advancing the understanding of possible states of evaluative practices within organizations and the processes through which organizations become permeated by evaluative practices. Our conceptual model suggests that once evaluative practices have gained a foothold in an organization, they tend to be applied to an increasing number of organizational problems and become taken for granted.
Price Delegation in Sales Organizations: An Empirical Investigation
Authors: Hansen Ann-Kristin , Joseph Kissan , Krafft Manfred 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe allocation of decision rights is an integral component of designing organizational architecture. Economists have long understood the importance of co-locating decision rights with the knowledge that is valuable to those decisions. Following this prescription, marketing scholars have developed strong theoretical arguments in favor of delegating pricing authority to the sales force. Empirical work, however, reveals a significant number of sales organizations yielding only minimal authority to their salespeople. Given this divergence between theory and practice, we develop and empirically test two mitigating factors that could potentially explain why firms restrict pricing authority. We test our hypotheses on a sample of 222 German sales organizations and find that the data are generally consistent with our conceptualization.
Cost Sharing under Uncertainty: An Algorithmic Approach to Cooperative Interval-Valued Games
Authors: Kimms Alf , Drechsel Julia 
Published: March 2014

AbstractRecently, Branzei, Dimitrov, and Tijs (2003) introduced cooperative interval-valued games. Among other insights, the notion of an interval core has been coined and proposed as a solution concept for interval-valued games. In this paper we will present a general mathematical programming algorithm which can be applied to find an element in the interval core. As an example, we discuss lot sizing with uncertain demand to provide an application for interval-valued games and to demonstrate how interval core elements can be computed. Also, we reveal that pitfalls exist if interval core elements are computed in a straightforward manner by considering the interval borders separately.
Simultaneous Vehicle and Crew Routing and Scheduling for Partial- and Full-Load Long-Distance Road Transport
Authors: Drexl Michael , Rieck Julia , Sigl Thomas , Press Bettina 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis paper studies a simultaneous vehicle and crew routing and scheduling problem arising in long-distance road transport in Europe: Pickup-and-delivery requests have to be fulfilled over a multi-period planning horizon by a heterogeneous fleet of trucks and drivers. Typically, in the vehicle routing literature, a fixed assignment of a driver to a truck is assumed. In our approach, we abandon this assumption and allow truck/driver changes at geographically dispersed relay stations. This offers greater planning flexibility and allows a better utilization of trucks, but also creates intricate interdependencies between trucks and drivers and requires the synchronization of their routes. A solution heuristic based on a two-stage decomposition of the problem is developed, taking into account European Union social legislation for drivers, and computational experiments using real-world data provided by a major German forwarder are presented and analyzed. The obtained results suggest that for the vehicle and driver cost structure prevalent in Western Europe and for transport requests that are not systematically acquired to complement one another, no cost savings are possible through simultaneous vehicle and crew routing and scheduling, although no formal proof of this fact is possible.
Autoxidative and Photooxidative Reactivity of Highly Branched Isoprenoid (HBI) Alkenes
Authors: Rontani J.‐F. , Belt S. T. , Vaultier F. , Brown T. A. , Massé G. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAutoxidation of several mono‐, di‐, tri‐ and tetra‐unsaturated highly branched isoprenoid (HBI) alkenes was induced in organic solvents using a radical initiator and enhancer, and their degradation rates were compared to those of classical phytoplanktonic lipids (mono‐unsaturated fatty acids, sterols and chlorophyll phytyl side‐chain). Autoxidation of two HBI trienes was also investigated in senescent and highly photodegraded diatom cells, collected in the Antarctic, using Fe2+ ions as radical inducers. Autoxidation rates of HBI alkenes were found to increase with the number of tri‐substituted double bonds, as expected. Further, HBI trienes possessing one bis‐allylic position (where hydrogen abstraction is highly favoured) were found to be particularly reactive towards autoxidation and degraded at similar rates compared to polyunsaturated fatty acids in diatom cells. By comparison of the autoxidation products of the most reactive tri‐unsaturated HBI with the corresponding photooxidation products, some specific tracers of these two types of abiotic degradation processes were identified. The lack of reactivity of the mono‐unsaturated HBI IP25 and a structurally similar di‐unsaturated HBI towards autoxidative degradation supports the good preservation of these biomarkers in marine sediments.
The communities of helminth parasites ofHeterandria bimaculata(Teleostei: Poeciliidae) from the upper Río La Antigua basin, east-central Mexico show a predictable structure
Authors: SALGADO-MALDONADO GUILLERMO , NOVELO-TURCOTTE MARÍA TERESA , VAZQUEZ GABRIELA , CASPETA-MANDUJANO JUAN MANUEL , QUIROZ-MARTÍNEZ BENJAMÍN , FAVILA MARIO 
Published: March 2014

SUMMARYWe investigated a basic generalization in parasite community ecology stating that stochastic processes played a major part in determining the composition of helminth communities of freshwater fish, or on the contrary, if these communities are predictable, diverse and structured species assemblages. We determined the species pool of helminth parasites of a tropical freshwater fishHeterandria bimaculatain its heartland, the upper Río La Antigua basin in east-central Mexico. Approaching our data from the metapopulation standpoint we studied the spatial patterns, and examined the variation in composition and richness of the component communities across different locations. We tested the prediction that helminth species may be recognized as common or rare; and also two hypotheses anticipating depauperate communities and decay of similarity between component communities with increasing distance. We found these communities composed by a highly structured and predictable set of specialist autogenic helminth species that are constant and abundant, dominating all components throughout space. The prediction that it is possible to recognize common and rare species was met. Richer than expected communities were found, as well as highly homogeneous component communities, where neighbouring components were more similar than distant ones. We speculated that the processes shaping the development of these component communities include stable, predictable habitats through time, allowing for a slow gradual dispersion process limited by host and parasite species capabilities. Our study suggests that metapopulation theory can assist in the prediction of community composition and in the understanding of spatial and temporal community variability.
Community-wide transcriptome of the oral microbiome in subjects with and without periodontitis
Authors: Duran-Pinedo Ana E , Chen Tsute , Teles Ricardo , Starr Jacqueline R , Wang Xiaoshan , Krishnan Keerthana , Frias-Lopez Jorge 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Despite increasing knowledge on phylogenetic composition of the human microbiome, our understanding of the in situ activities of the organisms in the community and their interactions with each other and with the environment remains limited. Characterizing gene expression profiles of the human microbiome is essential for linking the role of different members of the bacterial communities in health and disease. The oral microbiome is one of the most complex microbial communities in the human body and under certain circumstances, not completely understood, the healthy microbial community undergoes a transformation toward a pathogenic state that gives rise to periodontitis, a polymicrobial inflammatory disease. We report here the in situ genome-wide transcriptome of the subgingival microbiome in six periodontally healthy individuals and seven individuals with periodontitis. The overall picture of metabolic activities showed that iron acquisition, lipopolysaccharide synthesis and flagellar synthesis were major activities defining disease. Unexpectedly, the vast majority of virulence factors upregulated in subjects with periodontitis came from organisms that are not considered major periodontal pathogens. One of the organisms whose gene expression profile was characterized was the uncultured candidate division TM7, showing an upregulation of putative virulence factors in the diseased community. These data enhance understanding of the core activities that are characteristic of periodontal disease as well as the role that individual organisms in the subgingival community play in periodontitis.
The missing link between BPM and accounting
Authors: Sonnenberg Christian , vom Brocke Jan 
Published: March 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to integrate business process management (BPM) and accounting on a conceptual level in order to account for the economic implications of process-state changes in process design-time and process run-time.Design/methodology/approach– The paper adopts a design science research paradigm. The research, grounded in an “events” approach to accounting theory, builds on the REA accounting model that has been adapted for the design of a process accounting model (PAM).Findings– The paper presents a PAM that can be used to structure event records in process-aware information systems (PAIS) to enable process-oriented accounting. The PAM is specified as a light weight data structure that is intended for the integration of PAIS and accounting information systems.Research limitations/implications– As this paper is technical in nature, more research is needed to evaluate more thoroughly its approach in naturalistic settings.Practical implications– The PAM can support traditional accounting approaches, and because of the adopted events approach, it readily supports use cases related to real-time analytics in BPM and accounting.Originality/value– The PAM presents a novel approach to integrating BPM and accounting. The novelty of this approach lies in its use of event records to document flows of economic resources.
Bridging community and prison for older adults: invoking human rights and elder and intergenerational family justice
Authors: Maschi Tina , Viola Deborah , T. Harrison Mary , Harrison William , Koskinen Lindsay , Bellusa Stephanie 
Published: March 2014

Purpose
– Older adults in prison present a significant health and human rights challenge for the criminal justice system. To date, there is no known study that provides a comprehensive examination or portrait of older persons in prison. The purpose of this paper is to understand individual, family, system, and community vulnerabilities that can complicate successful community reintegration for these individuals.

Design/methodology/approach
– This study provides a cross-sectional, descriptive analysis of biopsychosocial, spiritual, and prison use characteristics associated with a sample of 677 older prisoners, aged 50+, in a state-wide prison system.

Findings
– Results indicate the extent of diversity within this population based on demographic, clinical, social, legal profiles, prison service use patterns, and professional and personal contacts.

Research limitations/implications
– Due to the diversity within this population, an interdisciplinary approach is needed to address the complex social and health care needs of an aging prison population and to plan for their reentry.

Practical implications
– These findings suggest the need for holistic prevention, assessment, and interventions to interrupt the social-structural disparities that foster and support pathways to incarceration and recidivism.

Originality/value
– The human rights implications for the current treatment of older adults in prison include providing in-prison treatment that promotes safety, well-being, reconciliation, and seamless bridges between prison and community for older adults and their families. The True Grit Program is presented as an example of a humanistic and holistic approach of such an approach.
Can e-business adoption be influenced by knowledge management? An empirical analysis of Malaysian SMEs
Authors: Yee-Loong Chong Alain , Ooi Keng-Boon , Bao Haijun , Lin Binshan 
Published: March 2014

Purpose–The aim of this research paper is to evaluate the effect of knowledge management on the adoption of the e-business in the supply chain of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Malaysia.Design/methodology/approach–Questionnaires were distributed to 200 Malaysian SMEs with a response rate of 68 percent. Data were analyzed by employing multiple regression analysis.Findings–The results showed that knowledge management processes such as knowledge acquisition and knowledge application are significant in affecting Malaysian SMEs' decision to adopt e-business in their supply chain. Knowledge dissemination was found not to be significant in affecting the adoption of e-business among Malaysian SMEs.Practical implications–This study has addressed the previous lack of literature on the relationship between knowledge management processes and e-business adoption among Malaysian SMEs.Originality/value–Although existing literature has shown a relationship between knowledge management processes and technology adoption, this study empirically verifies an adoption model based on knowledge management processes. SMEs can use this model to do a pre-test baseline measurement and reassessment of effect by any KM changes on e-business adoption periodically. Organizations planning to adopt e-business would also be able to apply strategies based on the findings from this research.
The mediating effect of knowledge sharing on the relationship between trust and virtual team effectiveness
Authors: Pangil Faizuniah , Moi Chan Joon 
Published: March 2014

Purpose
– The limited proximal communication between virtual team members can create a lack of trust among members which can significantly reduce the effectiveness of these teams. Hence, this study was conducted to examine the relationship between trust and virtual team effectiveness by looking into the mediating effect of knowledge sharing.

Design/methodology/approach
– This is a cross-sectional study conducted in a multinational company in Malaysia. Questionnaires were distributed to individuals working in a virtual environment. The questionnaire required the respondents to answer questions regarding three different types of trust (i.e. personality-based trust, institutional-based trust and cognitive-based trust), their knowledge sharing behavior, and their evaluation of the effectiveness of the virtual teams that they are involved with.

Findings
– Results of hierarchical regression analysis indicated that knowledge sharing and all the three types of trust are significantly related to virtual team effectiveness. However, only personality-based trust and institutional-based trust are significantly related to knowledge sharing, but knowledge sharing only partially mediates the relationship between these two types of trust and team effectiveness.

Research limitations/implications
– The population of this study are virtual teams working for an organization, hence the generalizability of the findings to other settings is unknown.

Originality/value
– Trust has been founded to be a significant predictor of virtual team effectiveness. However, this paper shows the effect of different types of trust and the role of knowledge sharing in mediating the relationship between trust and virtual team effectiveness.
Increased drug resistance is associated with reduced glucose levels and an enhanced glycolysis phenotype
Authors: Bhattacharya B , Low S H H , Soh C , Kamal Mustapa N , Beloueche‐Babari M , Koh K X , Loh J , Soong R 
Published: March 2014

Background and PurposeThe testing of anticancer compounds in vitro is usually performed in hyperglycaemic cell cultures, although many tumours and their in vivo microenvironments are hypoglycaemic. Here, we have assessed, in cultures of tumour cells, the effects of reduced glucose levels on resistance to anticancer drugs and investigated the underlying cellular mechanisms.Experimental ApproachPIK3CA mutant (AGS, HGC27), and wild‐type (MKN45, NUGC4) gastric cancer cells were cultured in high‐glucose (HG, 25 mM) or low‐glucose (LG, 5 mM) media and tested for sensitivity to two cytotoxic compounds, 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) and carboplatin, the PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, PI103 and the mTOR inhibitor, Ku‐0063794.Key ResultsAll cells had increased resistance to 5‐FU and carboplatin when cultured in LG compared with HG conditions despite having similar growth and cell cycle characteristics. On treatment with PI103 or Ku‐0063794, only the PIK3CA mutant cells displayed increased resistance in LG conditions. The PIK3CA mutant LG cells had selectively increased p‐mTOR, p‐S6, p‐4EBP1, GLUT1 and lactate production, and reduced reactive oxygen species, consistent with increased glycolysis. Combination analysis indicated PI103 and Ku‐0063794 were synergistic in PIK3CA mutant LG cells only. Synergism was accompanied by reduced mTOR signalling and increased autophagy.Conclusions and ImplicationsHypoglycaemia increased resistance to cytotoxic agents, especially in tumour cells with a high dependence on glycolysis. Dual inhibition of the PI3K/mTOR pathway may be able to attenuate such hypoglycaemia‐associated resistance.
Using rigidly fixed autogenous tooth graft to repair bone defect: an animal model
Authors: Qin Xu , Raj Regmi M. , Liao Xiao‐Fu , Shi Wei , Ma Bo , Gong Shi‐Qiang , Chen Wei‐Min , Zhou Bin 
Published: March 2014

AbstractObjectiveThis study describes a new approach to regenerate bone defect using autogenous tooth.Materials and methodsFreshly extrac‐ted teeth were used as autogenous grafts. Teeth were sectioned, cut into desired shape, and disinfected. The grafts were rigidly fixed to the mandibular defects in eighteen rabbits using titanium screws to achieve good stability. Every six rabbits were stochastically sacrificed at 1, 3, and 6 months after implantation, respectively. For all specimens, clinical, radiographical, and histological measurements were performed.ResultsThe boundaries of the grafts were distinctly visible in the implanted area during the first and third month. However, the teeth grafts were fully covered by new bone by the sixth month. The radiograph demonstrated the progressive change in the bone and grafted tooth interface from radiolucency to radiopacity during different time periods. Histologically, vascularization led to a temporary fibrous integration in the graft‐bone interface. The bone contact rate of 1 and 3 months was significantly lower than that of the 6 months. During this period, grafts were gradually resorbed and replaced by new bone.ConclusionRigid fixation of autogenous tooth could serve as a novel approach for the repair of bone defect.