bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Versatile Triphenylamine/Fluoranthene‐Based Derivative as a Nondoped Green‐Emitting, Hole‐Transporting Interlayer for Electroluminescent Devices
Authors: Yuan Yi , Zhang Guo‐Qiang , Lu Feng , Tong Qing‐Xiao , Yang Qing‐Dan , Mo Hin‐Wai , Ng Tsz‐Wai , Lo Ming‐Fai , Guo Zheng‐Qing , Wu Chuan , Lee Chun‐Sing 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA new triphenylamine‐bridged fluoranthene derivative, 4‐(7,10‐diphenylfluoranthen‐8‐yl)‐N‐[4‐(7,10‐diphenylfluoranthen‐8‐yl)phenyl]‐N‐phenylaniline (BDPFPA), with a high glass transition temperature of 220 °C has been synthesized and characterized. BDPFPA is a highly fluorescent and versatile material that can be used as a nondoped green emitter and as a hole transporter. BDPFPA was used in a standard trilayer device as the emitting layer, which showed a low turn‐on voltage (<3 V) and a high efficiency of 11.6 cd A−1. The device also shows little efficiency roll‐off at high brightness. For example, the efficiency can still be maintained at 11.4 cd A−1 (5.4 lm W−1) at a brightness of 10 000 cd m−2. These results are among the best reported for nondoped fluorescent green organic light‐emitting diodes. A simple bilayer device, in which BDPFPA serves as a hole‐transporting layer, has a maximum power efficiency of 3.3 lm W−1 and the performance is nearly 40 % higher than that of an N,N′‐bis(1‐naphthyl)‐N,N′‐ diphenyl‐1,1′‐biphenyl‐4,4′‐diamine (NPB)‐based standard device.
Why are some marginal seas sources of atmospheric CO2?
Authors: Dai Minhan , Cao Zhimian , Guo Xianghui , Zhai Weidong , Liu Zhiyu , Yin Zhiqiang , Xu Yanping , Gan Jianping , Hu Jianyu , Du Chuanjun 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe contemporary coastal ocean, characterized by abundant nutrients and high primary productivity, is generally seen as a significant CO2 sink at the global scale. However, mechanistic understanding of the coastal ocean carbon cycle remains limited, leading to the unanswered question of why some coastal systems are sources while others are sinks of atmospheric CO2. Here we proposed a distinct physical‐biogeochemical setting, Ocean‐dominated Margin (OceMar), in order for better shaping the concept of the coastal ocean carbon study. OceMars, in contrast to previously recognized River‐dominated Ocean Margins, are characterized by dynamic interactions with the open ocean, which may provide nonlocal CO2 sources thereby modulating the CO2 fluxes in OceMars. Using the basin areas of the largest marginal seas of the Pacific and the Atlantic, the South China Sea and the Caribbean Sea as examples of OceMars, we demonstrated that such external CO2 sources controlled the CO2 fluxes.
Human intestinal microbiota composition is associated with local and systemic inflammation in obesity
Authors: Verdam Froukje J. , Fuentes Susana , de Jonge Charlotte , Zoetendal Erwin G. , Erbil Runi , Greve Jan Willem , Buurman Wim A. , de Vos Willem M. , Rensen Sander S. 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveIntestinal microbiota have been suggested to contribute to the development of obesity, but the mechanism remains elusive. The relationship between microbiota composition, intestinal permeability, and inflammation in nonobese and obese subjects was investigated.Design and MethodsFecal microbiota composition of 28 subjects (BMI 18.6‐60.3 kg m−2) was analyzed by a phylogenetic profiling microarray. Fecal calprotectin and plasma C‐reactive protein levels were determined to evaluate intestinal and systemic inflammation. Furthermore, HbA1c, and plasma levels of transaminases and lipids were analyzed. Gastroduodenal, small intestinal, and colonic permeability were assessed by a multisaccharide test.ResultsBased on microbiota composition, the study population segregated into two clusters with predominantly obese (15/19) or exclusively nonobese (9/9) subjects. Whereas intestinal permeability did not differ between clusters, the obese cluster showed reduced bacterial diversity, a decreased Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio, and an increased abundance of potential proinflammatory Proteobacteria. Interestingly, fecal calprotectin was only detectable in subjects within the obese microbiota cluster (n = 8/19, P = 0.02). Plasma C‐reactive protein was also increased in these subjects (P = 0.0005), and correlated with the Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio (rs = −0.41, P = 0.03).ConclusionsIntestinal microbiota alterations in obese subjects are associated with local and systemic inflammation, suggesting that the obesity‐related microbiota composition has a proinflammatory effect.
Monomers and polymers from plant oils via click chemistry reactions
Authors: Lligadas Gerard , Ronda Juan C. , Galià Marina , Cádiz Virginia 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAs a consequence of the depleting of fossil reserves and environmental issues, today, plant oils and fatty acids derived therefrom have a respectable status within the polymer chemistry community. However, maximizing the benefits of these renewable feedstocks requires the utilization of sustainable and efficient chemical transformations. The emergence of click chemistry concept and especially the renaissance of thiol‐ene addition reaction have had an impact on the way to make plant oil‐derived polymers. This highlight discusses the applicability and success of thiol‐ene addition and other click reactions in the transformation of oleochemicals into monomers and polymers. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013
Oligonucleotide‐mediated aggregation of a cationic conjugated polymer for fluorescent detection of mercury ions in an aqueous medium
Authors: Kwon Na Young , Jang Geunseok , Kim Jongho , Kim Daigeun , Lee Taek Seung 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTA cationically charged conjugated polymer (P2) functionalized with quaternary ammonium salt was newly synthesized via Suzuki cross‐coupling polymerization. The functionalized P2 features different fluorescence colors according to its phases (blue emission in solution and green emission as asolid) which is caused by intramolecular and intermolecular exciton migration, respectively. The use of P2 as a novel fluorescent sensing platform is demonstrated for mercury ion detection. The detection of mercury ions is accomplished in two steps: (1) the cationic, blue‐emitting P2 absorbs an anionic oligonucleotide, polythymidine (PT) via electrostatic interaction to form a complex with green emission due to aggregation between the two species; (2) the addition of mercury ions to the complex produces a new complex of PT‐Hg2+ via more favorable specific interaction, resulting in the isolation of P2 and the consequent recovery of blue fluorescence of P2. It suggests that this detection system has high selectivity and sensitivity down to the ∼10−7 M level, even in mixtures of metal ions. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 2393–2400
Is there a role for cervical assessment and uterine artery Doppler in the first trimester of pregnancy as a screening test for spontaneous preterm delivery?
Authors: Parra‐Cordero M. , Sepúlveda‐Martínez A. , Rencoret G. , Valdés E. , Pedraza D. , Muñoz H. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo evaluate the role of cervical length (CL) and uterine artery pulsatility index (UtA‐PI) at 11 + 0 to 13 + 6 weeks as predictors of spontaneous preterm delivery (sPTD) in a Chilean population.MethodsThis was a prospective study of asymptomatic women with singleton pregnancies attending for a nuchal translucency scan at 11 + 0 to 13 + 6 weeks' gestation and who underwent a transvaginal scan for evaluation of CL and UtA‐PI. Exclusion criteria were fetal and pregnancy complications (other than sPTD) and iatrogenic delivery at < 34 weeks. Measurements of CL and UtA‐PI were adjusted for fetal crown–rump length and maternal characteristics and expressed as multiples of the median (MoM) of the unaffected group. Prediction of sPTD using maternal and pregnancy characteristics was studied using logistic regression analysis.ResultsA total of 3480 women were recruited into the study and, after application of exclusion criteria, 3310 were included in the analysis. The rate of sPTD at < 34 weeks was 0.9% (n = 31). A previous PTD had occurred in 7.4% of parous women. Patients with sPTD in the index pregnancy were characterized by a significantly higher prevalence of previous PTD (12.9% vs 3.7%, P < 0.05). No significant difference was found in either CL or UtA‐PI between pregnancies with and without subsequent sPTD. Logistic regression analysis showed that smoking and previous PTD were significantly associated with sPTD at < 34 weeks. The combination of these characteristics provided a detection rate of 26% with a false‐positive rate of 8%.ConclusionsNeither UtA‐PI nor CL during the first trimester was shown to be a useful predictor of early sPTD. However, a combined model that includes smoking and previous PTD predicts approximately one‐quarter of those women destined to deliver at < 34 weeks, with a false‐positive rate of 8%. Copyright © 2013 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Do psychosis prodrome onset negative symptoms predict first presentation negative symptoms?
Authors: Lyne J. , Renwick L. , Madigan K. , O’Donoghue B. , Bonar M. , Grant T. , Kinsella A. , Malone K. , Turner N. , O’Callaghan E. , Clarke M. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackground:Negative symptoms have been previously reported during the psychosis prodrome, however our understanding of their relationship with treatment-phase negative symptoms remains unclear.Objectives:We report the prevalence of psychosis prodrome onset negative symptoms (PONS) and ascertain whether these predict negative symptoms at first presentation for treatment.Methods:Presence of expressivity or experiential negative symptom domains was established at first presentation for treatment using the Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) in 373 individuals with a first episode psychosis. PONS were established using the Beiser Scale. The relationship between PONS and negative symptoms at first presentation was ascertained and regression analyses determined the relationship independent of confounding.Results:PONS prevalence was 50.3% in the schizophrenia spectrum group (n = 155) and 31.2% in the non-schizophrenia spectrum group (n = 218). In the schizophrenia spectrum group, PONS had a significant unadjusted (χ2 = 10.41, P < 0.001) and adjusted (OR = 2.40, 95% CI = 1.11–5.22, P = 0.027) association with first presentation experiential symptoms, however this relationship was not evident in the non-schizophrenia spectrum group. PONS did not predict expressivity symptoms in either diagnostic group.Conclusion:PONS are common in schizophrenia spectrum diagnoses, and predict experiential symptoms at first presentation. Further prospective research is needed to examine whether negative symptoms commence during the psychosis prodrome.
Knowledge of HPV infection and vaccination among vaccinated and unvaccinated teenaged girls
Authors: Sopracordevole Francesco , Cigolot Federica , Mancioli Francesca , Agarossi Alberto , Boselli Fausto , Ciavattini Andrea 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the knowledge of teenaged girls on human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and vaccination 12 months after the start of a vaccine administration and information campaign.MethodsBetween May 15 and June 15, 2009, an anonymous questionnaire was given to 629 girls attending a secondary school in a northeastern Italian city (286 were vaccinated against HPV, 343 were unvaccinated) to investigate their knowledge on HPV infection, transmission, prevention, vaccination, and post‐vaccination behaviors. The responses were evaluated with respect to the vaccination status of the participants.ResultsVaccinated teenaged girls had no more knowledge than unvaccinated ones about the route of HPV transmission, and the relationship between HPV and AIDS. Vaccinated girls had less knowledge than unvaccinated girls about preventing transmission by condom (P = 0.003) and about the correlation between HPV and penile cancer (P = 0.034) and warts (P = 0.001). Furthermore, compared with unvaccinated girls, more vaccinated girls believed that contraceptive pills might prevent HPV‐related disease (P = 0.001). Vaccinated girls better understood the importance of performing regular Pap smears after vaccination (P = 0.021).ConclusionKnowledge on HPV infection and vaccination remains suboptimal, especially among vaccinated teenaged girls, despite a broad information campaign. Misconceptions about the utility of secondary prevention may increase risky sexual behaviors.
Reliability of Goniometry‐Based Q‐Angle
Authors: Weiss Lawrence , DeForest Bradley , Hammond Kelley , Schilling Brian , Ferreira Lucas 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveTo establish the stability reliability, precision, and minimum value for detecting real differences for quadriceps angle (Q‐angle) measurements based on standardized protocols and surface goniometry.DesignAn intratester reliability study.SettingUniversity research laboratory.ParticipantsFifty‐two healthy, young, relatively lean adults (25 men and 27 women) from the university community with no history of knee injury.MethodsQ‐angle was assessed with surface goniometry on 2 separate occasions separated by 48 hours. Subjects assumed a supine position with: (1) extended hips and knees, (2) neutral hip rotational position, (3) neutral foot position, and (4) isometrically contracted quadriceps femoris muscles. The axis of a manual extendable‐arm goniometer was placed over the center of the right patella with the proximal arm situated over the anterior‐superior iliac spine and the distal arm over the center of the tibial tuberosity.Main Outcome MeasuresStability reliability was calculated with use of intraclass correlation (ICC, 2‐way random model) and precision was calculated by standard error of measurement (SEM). The 95% limits of agreement also were calculated to estimate the minimum detectable difference in Q‐angles. The lowest acceptable ICC was set at ≥0.70 for stability reliability.ResultsThe following ICC (SEM) values were found: all subjects = 0.88 (1.0°), men = 0.77 (1.0°), and women = 0.85 (1.0°). The 95% limits of agreement were 3° for the same 3 groups.ConclusionsThe surface goniometry protocol described herein appeared to be reliable for relatively lean young men and women. Although measures were precise to 1.0°, it appears a difference of 3° may be needed to detect a real difference in Q‐angles when measured in this fashion.
Acceleration in turbulent channel flow: universalities in statistics, subgrid stochastic models and an application
Authors: Zamansky Rémi , Vinkovic Ivana , Gorokhovski Mikhael 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis paper focuses on the characterization and the stochastic modelling of the fluid acceleration in turbulent channel flow. In the first part, the acceleration is studied by direct numerical simulation (DNS) at three Reynolds numbers (${\mathit{Re}}_{\ast } = {u}_{\ast } h/ \nu = 180$, 590 and 1000). It is observed that whatever the wall distance is, the norm of acceleration is log-normally distributed and that the variance of the norm is very close to its mean value. It is also observed that from the wall to the centreline of the channel, the orientation of acceleration relaxes statistically towards isotropy. On the basis of dimensional analysis, a universal scaling law for the acceleration norm is proposed. In the second part, in the framework of the norm/orientation decomposition, a stochastic model of the acceleration is introduced. The stochastic model for the norm is based on fragmentation process which evolves across the channel with the wall distance. Simultaneously the orientation is simulated by a random walk on the surface of a unit sphere. The process is generated in such a way that the mean components of the orientation vector are equal to zero, whereas with increasing wall distance, all directions become equally probable. In the third part, the models are assessed in the framework of large-eddy simulation with stochastic subgrid acceleration model (LES–SSAM), introduced recently by Sabel’nikov, Chtab-Desportes & Gorokhovski (Euro. Phys. J. B, vol. 80, 2011, p. 177–187), and designed to account for the intermittency at subgrid scales. Computations by LES–SSAM and its assessment using DNS data show that the prediction of important statistics to characterize the flow, such as the mean velocity, the energy spectra at small scales, the viscous and turbulent stresses, the distribution of the acceleration can be considerably improved in comparison with standard LES. In the last part of this paper, the advantage of LES–SSAM in accounting for the subgrid flow structure is demonstrated in simulation of particle-laden turbulent channel flows. Compared to standard LES, it is shown that for different Stokes numbers, the particle dynamics and the turbophoresis effect can be predicted significantly better when LES–SSAM is applied.
INVERSE LIMITS IN THE CATEGORY OF COMPACT HAUSDORFF SPACES AND UPPER SEMICONTINUOUS FUNCTIONS
Authors: BANIČ IZTOK , SOVIČ TINA 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWe investigate inverse limits in the category $ \mathcal{CHU} $ of compact Hausdorff spaces with upper semicontinuous functions. We introduce the notion of weak inverse limits in this category and show that the inverse limits with upper semicontinuous set-valued bonding functions (as they were defined by Ingram and Mahavier [‘Inverse limits of upper semi-continuous set valued functions’, Houston J. Math. 32 (2006), 119–130]) together with the projections are not necessarily inverse limits in $ \mathcal{CHU} $ but they are always weak inverse limits in this category. This is a realisation of our categorical approach to solving a problem stated by Ingram [An Introduction to Inverse Limits with Set-Valued Functions (Springer, New York, 2012)].
Vestibular test findings in individuals with auditory neuropathy: review
Authors: Sinha S K , Barman A , Singh N K , Rajeshwari G , Sharanya R 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackground:The vestibulocochlear nerve is a sensory nerve that serves the organs of hearing and equilibrium. Neuropathies of the nerve, particularly auditory neuropathy, may be caused by primary demyelination or axonal disease. Cochlear amplification function is normal in cases of auditory neuropathy, but afferent neural conduction in the auditory pathway is disordered. It is highly probable that the vestibular nerve has some involvement in disorders affecting the cochlear nerve.Objective:To provide an overview of vestibular test findings in individuals with auditory neuropathy.Method:A structured literature search was carried out, with no restrictions to the dates searched.Conclusion:Auditory neuropathy implicated the vestibular branch of the VIIIth cranial nerve as well as the cochlear nerve. However, there was variability in terms of vestibular test findings.
Examining belief and confidence in schizophrenia
Authors: Joyce D. W. , Averbeck B. B. , Frith C. D. , Shergill S. S. 
Published: March 2013

BackgroundPeople with psychoses often report fixed, delusional beliefs that are sustained even in the presence of unequivocal contrary evidence. Such delusional beliefs are the result of integrating new and old evidence inappropriately in forming a cognitive model. We propose and test a cognitive model of belief formation using experimental data from an interactive ‘Rock Paper Scissors’ (RPS) game.MethodParticipants (33 controls and 27 people with schizophrenia) played a competitive, time-pressured interactive two-player game (RPS). Participants' behavior was modeled by a generative computational model using leaky integrator and temporal difference methods. This model describes how new and old evidence is integrated to form a playing strategy to beat the opponent and to provide a mechanism for reporting confidence in one's playing strategy to win against the opponent.ResultsPeople with schizophrenia fail to appropriately model their opponent's play despite consistent (rather than random) patterns that can be exploited in the simulated opponent's play. This is manifest as a failure to weigh existing evidence appropriately against new evidence. Furthermore, participants with schizophrenia show a ‘jumping to conclusions’ (JTC) bias, reporting successful discovery of a winning strategy with insufficient evidence.ConclusionsThe model presented suggests two tentative mechanisms in delusional belief formation: (i) one for modeling patterns in other's behavior, where people with schizophrenia fail to use old evidence appropriately, and (ii) a metacognitive mechanism for ‘confidence’ in such beliefs, where people with schizophrenia overweight recent reward history in deciding on the value of beliefs about the opponent.
Heterogeneity in the risk of Mycobacterium bovis infection in European badger (Meles meles) cubs
Authors: TOMLINSON A. J. , CHAMBERS M. A. , CARTER S. P. , WILSON G. J. , SMITH G. C. , McDONALD R. A. , DELAHAY R. J. 
Published: March 2013

SUMMARYThe behaviour of certain infected individuals within socially structured populations can have a disproportionately large effect on the spatio-temporal distribution of infection. Endemic infection with Mycobacterium bovis in European badgers (Meles meles) in Great Britain and Ireland is an important source of bovine tuberculosis in cattle. Here we quantify the risk of infection in badger cubs in a high-density wild badger population, in relation to the infection status of resident adults. Over a 24-year period, we observed variation in the risk of cub infection, with those born into groups with resident infectious breeding females being over four times as likely to be detected excreting M. bovis than cubs from groups where there was no evidence of infection in adults. We discuss how our findings relate to the persistence of infection at both social group and population level, and the potential implications for disease control strategies.
Domain minimization and beyond: Modeling prepositional phrase ordering
Authors: Wiechmann Daniel , Lohmann Arne 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAn important account of linear ordering in syntax is John A. Hawkins' (2004) theory of cognitive efficiency and the principles of domain minimization formulated therein. In its latest formulation, the theory postulates syntactic and semantic minimization principles. With regard to the relative strength of these principles, prior research into the dynamics of these constraints has come to differing conclusions. Using the relative ordering of prepositional phrases (PPs) in English as a test phenomenon, the present study contributes to the further development of a theory of syntactic serialization through the multifactorial analysis of naturalistic data from a corpus of present-day British English. We find that lexical-semantic dependency constitutes the strongest constraint on serialization followed by the weight-related, syntactic one. More specifically, our results show that although syntactic minimization has much greater data coverage – it applies to a much larger proportion of the data – the lexical-semantic factor has a much greater effect size, thus is more seldomly violated. In addition to assessing the relative importance of the two minimization principles, we also investigate the effects of other potential codeterminants of PP order, namely themanner > place > timegeneralization and pragmatic information status. Our results suggest that these play statistically significant but tangential roles in PP ordering.