bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of atopic and non‐atopic asthma with emotional symptoms in school children
Authors: Kohlboeck Gabriele , Koletzko Sibylle , Bauer Carl‐Peter , von Berg Andrea , Berdel Dietrich , Krämer Ursula , Schaaf Beate , Lehmann Irina , Herbarth Olf , Heinrich Joachim ,   for the GINI‐plus Study groups,   LISA‐plus Study groups
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo date, there is conflicting evidence whether the association between asthma and depression depends on the atopic or non‐atopic asthma phenotype. This study investigates associations between emotional symptoms and atopic and non‐atopic asthma in school‐aged children.MethodsCross‐sectional data on asthma and allergic diseases at the 10‐year follow‐up of two birth cohorts were collected by parent‐reported physician diagnoses. Specific IgE levels including most common inhalant allergens (SX1) and food allergens (FX5) were measured by RAST‐CAP FEIA. Atopic asthma was defined as asthma ever and positive specific IgE test, non‐atopic asthma as asthma ever and no IgE sensitization. Emotional symptoms were assessed by parent‐reported strength and difficulty questionnaire. Logistic regression modeling were applied to determine likelihood of emotional symptoms in children with atopic and non‐atopic asthma controlling for socio‐demographic factors, body mass index, atopic eczema, allergic rhinitis, and pubertal development.ResultsNon‐atopic asthma was associated with about 3‐fold higher likelihood of emotional symptoms compared to children with no asthma (ORadj = 2.90, CI95% = 1.46–5.73). Atopic asthma was not associated with emotional symptoms (ORadj = 1.35, CI95% = 0.81–2.26).ConclusionsAtopic and non‐atopic asthma in children might have different etiologies, whereas for non‐atopic asthma, emotional symptoms are relevant, this is not the case in atopic asthma. The relationship between the non‐atopic asthma phenotype and emotional symptoms might be dependent on gender.
Quantification of growth–defense trade‐offs in a common currency: nitrogen required for phenolamide biosynthesis is not derived from ribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase turnover
Authors: Ullmann‐Zeunert Lynn , Stanton Mariana A. , Wielsch Nathalie , Bartram Stefan , Hummert Christian , Svatoš Aleš , Baldwin Ian T. , Groten Karin 
Published: April 2013

SummaryInduced defenses are thought to be economical: growth and fitness‐limiting resources are only invested into defenses when needed. To date, this putative growth–defense trade‐off has not been quantified in a common currency at the level of individual compounds. Here, a quantification method for 15N–labeled proteins enabled a direct comparison of nitrogen (N) allocation to proteins, specifically, ribulose‐1,5‐bisposphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO), as proxy for growth, with that to small N‐containing defense metabolites (nicotine and phenolamides), as proxies for defense after herbivory. After repeated simulated herbivory, total N decreased in the shoots of wild‐type (WT) Nicotiana attenuata plants, but not in two transgenic lines impaired in jasmonate defense signaling (irLOX3) and phenolamide biosynthesis (irMYB8). N was reallocated among different compounds within elicited rosette leaves: in the WT, a strong decrease in total soluble protein (TSP) and RuBisCO was accompanied by an increase in defense metabolites, irLOX3 showed a similar, albeit attenuated, pattern, whereas irMYB8 rosette leaves were the least responsive to elicitation, with overall higher levels of RuBisCO. Induced defenses were higher in the older compared with the younger rosette leaves, supporting the hypothesis that tissue developmental stage influences defense investments. We propose that MYB8, probably by regulating the production of phenolamides, indirectly mediates protein pool sizes after herbivory. Although the decrease in absolute N invested in TSP and RuBisCO elicited by simulated herbivory was much larger than the N‐requirements of nicotine and phenolamide biosynthesis, 15N flux studies revealed that N for phenolamide synthesis originates from recently assimilated N, rather than from RuBisCO turnover.
Degenerate polymerase chain reaction strategy with DNA microarray for detection of multiple and various subtypes of virus during blood screening
Authors: Takizawa Kazuya , Nakashima Tatsuo , Mizukami Takuo , Kuramitsu Madoka , Endoh Daiji , Kawauchi Shigeto , Sasaki Kohsuke , Momose Haruka , Kiba Yoshiharu , Mizutani Tetsuya , Furuta Rika A. , Yamaguchi Kazunari , Hamaguchi Isao 
Published: April 2013

BackgroundThe risk of transferring blood‐borne infections during transfusion is continually increasing because of newly emerging and reemerging viruses. Development of a rapid screening method for emerging viruses that might be transmitted by transfusion is required to eliminate such pathogens during blood donor screening. Owing to increased use of human materials in organ transplants and cell therapy, the risk of donor‐transmitted viral infections is also increasing. Although nucleic acid amplification technology (NAT) is dedicated to blood screening, a small, convenient detection system is needed at the laboratory and hospital level.Study Design and MethodsWe developed a new pathogen detection system that can detect multiple viruses simultaneously, using originally designed degenerate polymerase chain reaction primers to amplify a wide range of viral genotypes. Amplified samples were identified using a DNA microarray of pathogen‐specific probes.ResultsWe detected very low copy numbers of multiple subtypes of viruses, such as human hepatitis C virus (HCV), human hepatitis B virus (HBV), human parvovirus B19 (PVB19), and West Nile virus (WNV), using a single plate. We also detected all genotypes of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) but sensitivity was less than for the other viruses.ConclusionWe developed a microarray assay using novel primers for detection of a wide range of multiple pathogens and subtypes. Our NAT system was accurate and reliable for detection of HIV, HBV, HCV, PVB19, and WNV, with respect to specificity, sensitivity, and genotype inclusivity. Our system could be customized and extended for emerging pathogens and is suitable as a future NAT system.
PAIN MANAGEMENT, END-OF-LIFE CARE AND DEMENTIA: ADDRESSING THE GAPS BETWEEN THEORY AND PRACTISE
Authors: Peisah C , Weaver J 
Published: April 2013

BackgroundPain is frequently an undetected cause of agitation and distress in dementia; and thus often a cause of behavioural and psychological symptom of dementia (BPSD). Despite a plethora of tools specifically designed to assess pain in people with dementia, and empirical investigation of pain management protocols, successful pain assessment and management, and end of life care of people with cognitive impairment, particularly in residential care and inpatient facilities, still eludes us.MethodsWe reviewed the current literature and surveyed staff of residential care and inpatient facilities within the Northern Sydney Local Health District regarding pain assessment and management, and end of life care in people with cognitive impairment.ResultsWe describe some of the barriers to the assessment of pain and end of life symptoms in people with cognitive impairment and identified practical solutions for facilitating assessment and management of these symptoms. We recommend a range of education strategies for addressing this issue.DiscussionThere is a discordance between theoretical knowledge in the area of pain assessment and management and end of life care, and actual practice, which needs addressing.ConclusionMore extensive education and training about pain, end of life care and dementia is needed.
UK-born Pakistani-origin infants are relatively more adipose than white British infants: findings from 8704 mother-offspring pairs in the Born-in-Bradford prospective birth cohort
Authors: West Jane , Lawlor Debbie A , Fairley Lesley , Bhopal Raj , Cameron Noel , McKinney Patricia A , Sattar Naveed , Wright John 
Published: April 2013

BackgroundPrevious studies have shown markedly lower birth weight among infants of South Asian origin compared with those of White European origin. Whether such differences mask greater adiposity in South Asian infants and whether they persist across generations in contemporary UK populations is unclear. Our aim was to compare birth weight, skinfold thickness and cord leptin between Pakistani and White British infants and to investigate the explanatory factors, including parental and grandparental birthplace.MethodsWe examined the differences in birth weight and skinfold thickness between 4649 Pakistani and 4055 White British infants born at term in the same UK maternity unit and compared cord leptin in a subgroup of 775 Pakistani and 612 White British infants.ResultsPakistani infants were lighter (adjusted mean difference −234 g 95% CI −258 to −210) and were smaller in both subscapular and triceps skinfold measurements. The differences for subscapular and triceps skinfold thickness (mean z-score difference −0.27 95% CI −0.34 to −0.20 and −0.23 95% CI −0.30 to −0.16, respectively) were smaller than the difference in birth weight (mean z-score difference −0.52 95% CI −0.58 to −0.47) and attenuated to the null with adjustment for birth weight (0.03 95% CI −0.03 to 0.09 and −0.01 95% CI −0.08 to 0.05, respectively). Cord leptin concentration (indicator of fat mass) was similar in Pakistani and White British infants without adjustment for birth weight, but with adjustment became 30% higher (95% CI 17% to 44%) among Pakistani infants compared with White British infants. The magnitudes of difference did not differ by generation.ConclusionsDespite being markedly lighter, Pakistani infants had similar skinfold thicknesses and greater total fat mass, as indicated by cord leptin, for a given birth weight than White British infants. Any efforts to reduce ethnic inequalities in birth weight need to consider differences in adiposity and the possibility that increasing birth weight in South Asian infants might inadvertently worsen health by increasing relative adiposity.
Immune Infiltrates Are Prognostic Factors in Localized Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors
Authors: Rusakiewicz Sylvie , Semeraro Michaela , Sarabi Matthieu , Desbois Mélanie , Locher Clara , Mendez Rosa , Vimond Nadège , Concha Angel , Garrido Federico , Isambert Nicolas , Chaigneau Loic , Le Brun-Ly Valérie , Dubreuil Patrice , Cremer Isabelle , Caignard Anne , Poirier-Colame Vichnou , Chaba Kariman , Flament Caroline , Halama Niels , Jäger Dirk , Eggermont Alexander , Bonvalot Sylvie , Commo Frédéric , Terrier Philippe , Opolon Paule , Emile Jean-François , Coindre Jean-Michel , Kroemer Guido , Chaput Nathalie , Le Cesne Axel , Blay Jean-Yves , Zitvogel Laurence 
Published: April 2013

AbstractCancer immunosurveillance relies on effector/memory tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells with a T-helper cell 1 (TH1) profile. Evidence for a natural killer (NK) cell-based control of human malignancies is still largely missing. The KIT tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib mesylate markedly prolongs the survival of patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) by direct effects on tumor cells as well as by indirect immunostimulatory effects on T and NK cells. Here, we investigated the prognostic value of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) expressing CD3, Foxp3, or NKp46 (NCR1) in a cohort of patients with localized GIST. We found that CD3+ TIL were highly activated in GIST and were especially enriched in areas of the tumor that conserve class I MHC expression despite imatinib mesylate treatment. High densities of CD3+ TIL predicted progression-free survival (PFS) in multivariate analyses. Moreover, GIST were infiltrated by a homogeneous subset of cytokine-secreting CD56bright (NCAM1) NK cells that accumulated in tumor foci after imatinib mesylate treatment. The density of the NK infiltrate independently predicted PFS and added prognostic information to the Miettinen score, as well as to the KIT mutational status. NK and T lymphocytes preferentially distributed to distinct areas of tumor sections and probably contributed independently to GIST immunosurveillance. These findings encourage the prospective validation of immune biomarkers for optimal risk stratification of patients with GIST. Cancer Res; 73(12); 3499–510. ©2013 AACR.
The Trans-Pacific Partnership: The Challenges of Unraveling the Noodle Bowl
Authors: Elms Deborah 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Much has been made of the “spaghetti or noodle bowl” problem of overlapping preferential trade agreements (PTA). A new PTA, the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), currently under negotiation between eleven states – Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore, the United States and Vietnam – is intended to help address this issue. The TPP will lower or eliminate barriers to trade among the partners. But officials are not operating in a vacuum as they negotiate this new agreement. Instead, they must contend with rules created in previous agreements, many of which link TPP partners together in ways that constrain their options now. This article looks in detail at negotiations over market access in goods to better understand the tradeoffs faced by negotiators. Unfortunately, some of the decisions made so far after three years of talks suggest that the TPP market access deal could end up being just another twisted noodle in a crowded bowl.
Massive hemoptysis from pulmonary ligament artery supplying abnormal basal segments of the lower lobe
Authors: Liu Zhen-Sheng , Li Xiao-Qiang , Li Cheng , Zhou Long-Jiang , Wang Jia-Xiang , Wang Wei , Sun Yong , Kuang Xiong-Wei 
Published: April 2013

Background Non-bronchial systemic arteries can be a signiﬁcant source of massive hemoptysis in patients with marked pleural involvement. However, in some cases without pleural involvement, the pulmonary ligament artery (PLA) can also enter the abnormal lung parenchyma and be responsible for hemoptysis. Purpose To discuss the factors influencing the development of a blood supply from the PLA in patients with hemoptysis. Material and Methods Seventy-five consecutive patients who underwent bronchial artery embolization (BAE) for massive hemoptysis were evaluated between January 2006 and December 2011 retrospectively. Selective arteriography showed an enlarged and tortuous PLA in five patients. CT was done to determine the site and extent of the underlying diseases before BAE in all patients. Angiographic and CT images were analyzed to determine if there was a relationship between PLA supply and location of the underlying disease or mediastinal pleural involvement. Results The underlying lesions of six patients involved the basal segments of the lower lobe without marked mediastinal pleural thickening or adhesion, but diaphragmatic and lateral pleural thickening was observed in one case. Of these six patients, the PLA supplied blood to the lesions related to the hemoptysis in five patients. No patient with massive hemoptysis whose underlying lesions involved other segments of lung had a PLA supplying the lesions. Conclusion Even though pleural involvement is absent, underlying lesions involving the basal segments of the lower lobe could be a good indicator that the PLA is the cause of bleeding in patients with massive hemoptysis.
Common variants in adiponectin gene are associated with coronary artery disease and angiographical severity of coronary atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Tong Guoxin , Wang Ningfu , Leng Jianhang , Tong Xiaoshan , Shen Yun , Yang Jianmin , Ye Xianhua , Zhou Liang , Zhou Yujie 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

Background
Adiponectin, an adipokine facilitating insulin action, has antiatherogenic effects. This study investigated whether common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the adiponectin gene influenced plasma adiponectin level and whether they were associated with the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) and its angiographical severity in type 2 diabetes in Chinese population.

Methods
11 tagging SNPs were genotyped in 1110 subjects with or without CAD in type 2 diabetes. Variants of adiponectin gene were determined by Taqman polymerase chain reaction method. The plasma adiponectin concentrations were measured by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The severity and extent of coronary atherosclerosis were assessed using the angiographic Gensini score and Sullivan Extent score.

Results
Among the 11 SNPs, the minor G allele of SNP rs266729 was significantly associated with higher odds of CAD (odds ratio (95% CI) = 1.49 (1.10 - 2.16), P = 0.022) after adjusting for covariates. In stepwise multivariate logistic regression, SNP rs266729 was a significant independent factor of CAD. Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that rs266729 (β = −0.101, P < 0.0001), rs182052 (β = −0.044, P = 0.0035), and rs1501299 (β = 0.073, P < 0.0001) were significantly associated with adiponectin level, and also indicated that the minor G allele of SNP rs266729 had higher Gensini score (β = 0.139, P < 0.001) and Sullivan Extent score (β = 0.107, P < 0.001). Haplotypes analysis revealed different haplotype distributions in case and control subjects (P = 0.0003), with two common haplotypes GGG and GAG of the rs266729, rs182052, and rs1501299 being associated in heterozygotes with a greater than threefold increase in cardiovascular risk (odds ratio (95% CI)=3.39 (1.83 - 6.30), P = 0.0001).

Conclusions
In our population, genetic variants in the adiponectin gene influence plasma adiponectin levels, and one of them is a strong determinant of CAD susceptibility and its angiographical severity in type 2 diabetes. This study has provided further evidence for a role of adiponectin in the development of CAD.
Convergence theorems of a three-step iteration method for a countable family of pseudocontractive mappings
Authors: Cheng Qingqing , Su Yongfu , Zhang Jingling 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to construct a three-step iteration method (as follows) and obtain the convergence theorem for a countable family of Lipschitz pseudocontractive mappings in Hilbert space H. For the iteration format,

{

z
n

=
(
1
−

γ
n

)

x
n

+

γ
n

T
n

x
n

,

y
n

=
(
1
−

β
n

)

x
n

+

β
n

T
n

z
n

,

x

n
+
1

=
(
1
−

α
n

)

x
n

+

α
n

T
n

y
n

,

under suitable conditions, we prove that the sequence

{

x
n

}

generated from above converges strongly to a common fixed point of

{

T
n

}

n
≥
1

. The results obtained in this paper improve and extend previous results that have been proved for this class of nonlinear mappings.

MSC:47H05, 47H09, 47H10.
Comparison of activity indexes for recognizing enzyme mutants of higher activity with uricase as model
Authors: Feng Juan , Liu Hongbo , Yang Xiaolan , Gao Ang , Liao Juan , Feng Liping , Pu Jun , Xie Yanling , Long Gaobo , Li Yuanli , Liao Fei 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

Background
For screening a library of enzyme mutants, an efficient and cost-effective method for reliable assay of enzyme activity and a decision method for safe recognition of mutants of higher activity are needed. The comparison of activity concentrations of mutants in lysates of transformed Escherichia coli cells against a threshold is unsafe to recognize mutants of higher activity due to variations of both expression levels of mutant proteins and lysis efficiency of transformed cells. Hence, by a spectrophotometric method after verification to measure uricase activity, specific activity calculated from the level of total proteins in a lysate was tested for recognizing a mutant of higher activity.

Results
During uricase reaction, the intermediate 5-hydroxyisourate interferes with the assay of uric acid absorbance, but the measurement of absorbance at 293 nm in alkaline borate buffer was reliable for measuring uricase initial rates within a reasonable range. The level of total proteins in a lysate was determined by the Bradford assay. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis supported different relative abundance of uricase mutant proteins in their lysates; activity concentrations of uricase in such lysates positively correlated with levels of total proteins. Receiver-operation-curve analysis of activity concentration or specific activity yielded area-under-the-curve close to 1.00 for recognizing a mutant with > 200% improvement of activity. For a mutant with just about 80% improvement of activity, receiver-operation-curve analysis of specific activity gave area-under-the-curve close to 1.00 while the analysis of activity concentration gave smaller area-under-the-curve. With the mean plus 1.4-fold of the standard deviation of specific activity of a starting material as the threshold, uricase mutants whose activities were improved by more than 80% were recognized with higher sensitivity and specificity.

Conclusion
Specific activity calculated from the level of total proteins is a favorable index for recognizing an enzyme mutant with small improvement of activity.
p53 induces transcriptional and translational programs to suppress cell proliferation and growth
Authors: Loayza-Puch Fabricio , Drost Jarno , Rooijers Koos , Lopes Rui , Elkon Ran , Agami Reuven 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Background
Cell growth and proliferation are tightly connected to ensure that appropriately sized daughter cells are generated following mitosis. Energy stress blocks cell growth and proliferation, a critical response for survival under extreme conditions. Excessive oncogenic stress leads to p53 activation and the induction of senescence, an irreversible state of cell-cycle arrest and a critical component in the suppression of tumorigenesis. Nutrient-sensing and mitogenic cues converge on a major signaling node, which regulates the activity of the mTOR kinase. Although transcriptional responses to energy and oncogenic stresses have been examined by many gene-expression experiments, a global exploration of the modulation of mRNA translation in response to these conditions is lacking.

Results
We combine RNA sequencing and ribosomal profiling analyses to systematically delineate modes of transcriptional and translational regulation induced in response to conditions of limited energy, oncogenic stress and cellular transformation. We detect a key role for mTOR and p53 in these distinct physiological states, and provide the first genome-wide demonstration that p53 activation results in mTOR inhibition and a consequent global repression of protein translation. We confirm the role of the direct p53 target genes Sestrin1 and Sestrin2 in this response, as part of the broad modulation of gene expression induced by p53 activation.

Conclusions
We delineate a bimodal tumor-suppressive regulatory program activated by p53, in which cell-cycle arrest is imposed mainly at the transcriptional level, whereas cell growth inhibition is enforced by global repression of the translation machinery.
Religious Thought as Manifested in the Musical Content of George Harrison’s Brainwashed
Authors: Hausmann John 
Published: April 2013

Abstract: In an article published in this journal in 2004, Michael Gilmour studied George Harrison’s Brainwashed but left the album’s music unexplored. This article builds on Gilmour’s work by focusing on three of the album’s tracks and analyzing their harmonic and melodic structures. This examination reveals musical parallels to the religious themes of the album, strengthening Gilmour’s conclusion that Harrison was inspired by the Bhagavad Gita. In addition, the analysis illuminates aspects of Harrison’s personal spiritual beliefs. Throughout, the article advocates an interdisciplinary approach is necessary for understanding the entirety of the album’s musical and religious content.