bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the Arabinose-5-Phosphate Isomerase of Bacteroides fragilis Provides Insight into Regulation of Single-Domain Arabinose Phosphate Isomerases
Authors: Cech David , Wang Pan Fen , Holler Tod P. , Woodard Ronald W. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT

Arabinose-5-phosphate isomerases (APIs) catalyze the interconversion of
d
-ribulose-5-phosphate and
d
-arabinose-5-phosphate, the first step in the biosynthesis of 3-deoxy-
d
-manno-octulosonic acid (Kdo), an essential component of the lipopolysaccharide in Gram-negative bacteria. Classical APIs, such as
Escherichia coli
KdsD, contain a sugar isomerase domain and a tandem cystathionine beta-synthase domain. Despite substantial effort, little is known about structure-function relationships in these APIs. We recently reported an API containing only a sugar isomerase domain. This protein, c3406 from
E. coli
CFT073, has no known physiological function. In this study, we investigated a putative single-domain API from the anaerobic Gram-negative bacterium
Bacteroides fragilis
. This putative API (UniProt ID
Q5LIW1
) is the only protein encoded by the
B. fragilis
genome with significant identity to any known API, suggesting that it is responsible for lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis in
B. fragilis
. We tested this hypothesis by preparing recombinant
Q5LIW1
protein (here referred to by the UniProt ID
Q5LIW1
), characterizing its API activity
in vitro
, and demonstrating that the gene encoding
Q5LIW1
(GenBank ID
YP_209877.1
) was able to complement an API-deficient
E. coli
strain. We demonstrated that
Q5LIW1
is inhibited by cytidine 5′-monophospho-3-deoxy-
d
-
manno
-2-octulosonic acid, the final product of the Kdo biosynthesis pathway, with a

K
i

of 1.91 μM. These results support the assertion that
Q5LIW1
is the API that supports lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis in
B. fragilis
and is subject to feedback regulation by CMP-Kdo. The sugar isomerase domain of
E. coli
KdsD, lacking the two cystathionine beta-synthase domains, demonstrated API activity and was further characterized. These results suggest that
Q5LIW1
may be a suitable system to study API structure-function relationships.
Refractory nausea and vomiting in the setting of well-controlled idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Authors: Barnett Dennis L , Rosenbaum Rachel A , Diaz Jonathan R 
Published: June 2014

SummaryA 27-year-old woman with a history of recurrent nausea and vomiting in the setting of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) was admitted for control of unremitting nausea and vomiting. Initial antiemetic therapy included optimisation of IIH therapy by titrating acetazolamide, in addition to using ondansetron and metoclopramide as needed, with minimal relief. She was ultimately treated with palonosetron with complete resolution of her acute nausea. Nausea, often treated with 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT3) receptor antagonists, approved for perioperative and chemotherapy-induced nausea, are used off-label to treat nausea and vomiting outside of those settings. The efficacy of different regimens has been compared in the literature and continues to remain controversial. When choosing from different 5-HT3 antagonists there are other considerations, in addition to efficacy to consider: dosing schedule, half-life, time of onset, duration and cost-to-benefit ratio, and although one 5-HT3 antagonist may not have been effective, another one may be. In our case palonosetron, with a significantly longer half-life than other 5-HT3 antagonists, was effective in resolving nausea when compared with the more commonly used ondansetron.
Impact of lifetime opioid exposure on arterial stiffness and vascular age: cross-sectional and longitudinal studies in men and women
Authors: Reece Albert Stuart , Hulse Gary Kenneth 
Published: June 2014

ObjectiveTo characterise and compare the potentiation of arterial stiffness and vascular ageing by opioids in men and women.DesignCross-sectional and longitudinal studies of 576 clinical controls and 687 opioid-dependent patients (ODP) on 710 and 1305 occasions, respectively, over a total of 2382 days (6.52 years), 2006–2011. Methodology Radial pulse wave analysis with Atcor SphygmoCor system (Sydney).SettingPrimary care.ParticipantsControls: General practice patients with non-cardiovascular disorders, and university student controls.ODP: Patients undergoing clinical management of their opioid dependence. Controls had lower chronological ages (CAs) than ODP (30.0±0.5 vs 34.5±0.3, mean±SEM, p<0.0001). 69.6% and 67.7% participants were men, and 16% and 92.3% were smokers (p<0.0001) for controls and ODP, respectively. 86.3%, 10.3% and 3.4% of ODP were treated with buprenorphine (6.98±0.21 mg), methadone (63.04±4.01 mg) or implant naltrexone, respectively. Body mass index (BMI) was depressed in ODP.InterventionsNil.Primary outcome measuresVascular Reference Age (RA) and the ratio of vascular age to chronological age (RA/CA).Secondary outcome measuresArterial stiffness including Augmentation Index.ResultsAfter BMI adjustment, RA in ODP was higher as a function of CA and of time (both p<0.05). Modelled mean RA in control and ODP was 35.6 and 36.3 years (+1.97%) in men, and 34.5 and 39.2 years (+13.43%) in women, respectively. Changes in RA and major arterial stiffness indices were worse in women both as a factor (p = 0.0036) and in interaction with CA (p = 0.0040). Quadratic, cubic and quartic functions of opioid exposure duration outperformed linear models with RA/CA over CA and over time. The opioid dose–response relationship persisted longitudinally after multiple adjustments from p=0.0013 in men and p=0.0073 in women.ConclusionsData show that lifetime opioid exposure, an interactive cardiovascular risk factor, particularly in women, is related to linear, quadratic, cubic and quartic functions of treatment duration and is consistent with other literature of accelerated ageing in patients with OD.
Controlled rehabilitative and supportive care intervention trials in patients with high-grade gliomas and their caregivers: a systematic review
Authors: Piil K , Juhler M , Jakobsen J , Jarden M 
Published: June 2014

BackgroundPatients diagnosed with high-grade gliomas experience a varying and complex symptom burden, and face a high mortality rate. As a consequence, patients with high-grade gliomas and their caregivers have imminent and changing rehabilitative and supportive care needs.ObjectivesTo give a detailed overview of non-pharmacological rehabilitative and supportive care interventions for patients with high-grade gliomas and/or their caregivers, and provide an appraisal of the methodological quality of these studies.MethodPubMed, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature and Embase were searched for literature published from 1995 to May 2013. Data from eight studies were reviewed for substantive methods and results. Methodological quality was described and assessed using the scoring system for appraising mixed methods research and concomitantly appraising qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods primary studies in mixed study reviews.ResultsThe search yielded 914 unique publications, of which 9 were classified eligible for this review. There is preliminary evidence that cognitive group therapy improves memory skills in patients with high-grade gliomas, early physical training improves functional outcome and massage therapy reduces stress. Patients and caregivers found that telephone follow-up and a specialist nurse function was an effective and useful way to achieve information and support. Finally, psycho-education increased feelings of mastery among caregivers.ConclusionsAs evidence is beginning to emerge, there is a need for well-designed longitudinal and randomised controlled trials of non-pharmacological interventions in high-grade glioma patients and their caregivers in order to develop clinical guidelines for supportive and rehabilitative approaches in this unique population.
In Memoriam: An Appreciation for the NCI R25T Cancer Education and Career Development Program
Authors: Chang Shine 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
On September 7, 2013, the NCI R25T award mechanism ended its final “receipt/review/award cycle” after more than two decades shaping the cancer prevention and control workforce. Created in 1991 to respond to a national shortage of cancer prevention and control researchers, the R25T supported innovative institutional programs with specialized curricula preparing individuals for careers as independent scientists for the field. Required elements ensured developing transdisciplinary sensibilities and skills highly suited to team science, including conducting collaborative research with mentors of complementary expertise. R25Ts provided trainee stipends, research, education, and travel funds at levels far higher than T32 National Service Research Awards to attract individuals from diverse disciplines. Graduates are faculty at all academic ranks, and hold leadership positions such as associate directors of cancer prevention and control. Beyond its trainees, R25Ts also recruited into the field other students exposed through courses in specialized prevention curricula, as well as course instructors and trainee mentors, who did not initially consider their work to be relevant to cancer prevention. Although advances are being achieved, prevention efforts are not yet fully realized, and currently unknown is the impact on the workforce of terminating the R25T, including whether it is another barrier to preventing cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(6); 1133–6. ©2014 AACR.
Time to Screening in the Systems of Support to Increase Colorectal Cancer Screening Trial
Authors: Wang Ching-Yun , de Dieu Tapsoba Jean , Anderson Melissa L. , Vernon Sally W. , Chubak Jessica , Fuller Sharon , Green Beverly B. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractUnderstanding how interventions affect time to completion of colorectal cancer screening might assist in planning and delivering population-based screening interventions. The Systems of Support to Increase Colorectal Cancer Screening (SOS) study was conducted between 2008 and 2011 at 21 primary care medical centers in Western Washington. Participants in the study, ages 50 to 73 years, were eligible if they were enrolled in Group Health (Seattle, WA) and were due for colorectal cancer screening. Of note, 4,675 recruited participants were randomized to usual care or one of three interventions with incremental levels of systems of support for completion of colorectal cancer screening. We conducted time to screening analyses of the SOS data in years 1 and 2. We investigated whether these effects were time-varying. For year 1, the intervention effects on the time to completion of colorectal cancer screening were the strongest during the first two post-randomization months and then decreased, with no significant effect after the fifth month. For year 2, the intervention effects on the time to colorectal cancer screening increased from the first to the third month and then decreased, with no significant effect after the fifth month. Hence, each of the interventions to increase colorectal cancer screening had its greatest effect within the first 3 months after being offered to participants. Future studies should test whether booster interventions offered later could increase screening rate among those who remain unscreened. Additional research is needed to develop intervention strategies for colorectal cancer screening that focus on sustained behavior over time. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(8); 1683–8. ©2014 AACR.
Rat Diaries
Authors: El-Noshokaty Shady 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Rat Diaries is a series of drawings that attempts to map the intensity of everyday life in Egypt intertwined with intuitive visual and verbal comments on art practice. The drawings are multi-layered juxtapositions of various forms and contrasting types of lines that move from controlled shapes to seemingly uncontrolled scribbling, from figures to abstract shapes. What this layering achieves is a proposition of form that is ultimately unattainable. With all their pretension to ground the subject within the given coordinates of experiential reality, El-Noshokaty's maps refuse to communicate daily life as objectively mapable. The grid that is supposed to provide a support structure for the map and accommodate the given spatio-temporal coordinates is overcome by an intricacy of lines. These lines cover the grid with a labyrinthine maze and refuse to communicate an experience. But the lines are not as out of control or accidental as they might seem. While reflecting emotional content, they are also critically operational “devices” in a sense that they render the tyranny of the grid and its silent objectivity obsolete. The drawings that are accumulations of traces from experiential reality (emotions, everyday impressions, banal listing of events) crystalize reality in forms that no longer refer back to their original context.
The Nightingale's Butcher Manifesto
Authors: Irani Hooshang , Gharib Gholam Hossein , Shirvani Hassan 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Perhaps the earliest manifesto in Iranian art, “The Nightingale's Butcher Manifesto” fights for an Iranian avant-garde—an avant-garde based on new modes of abstraction so as to break the chains of both Iran's artistic traditions and the social concerns of figuration.
A Phenomenology of being “Very China”
Authors: Yang Peidong 
Published: June 2014

This paper offers an ethnographic account of the self-formation experiences of Mainland Chinese undergraduate students as “foreign talents” in a Singaporean university. While extant scholarship often points out that international educational sojourn has transformative effects on the student-sojourners, detailed empirical examination of how such transformations take place is still lacking; this paper furnishes a microscopic case study in this vein. By looking at Chinese international students in the (Southeast) Asian city-state Singapore, the paper is also an effort to offer a relatively rare glimpse into the subjective dimension of intra-Asia student mobility. Furthermore, with regard to the Singapore local context, this account seeks to throw some new light on the hotly-debated “foreign talent” issue from the perspective of the scholarship-receiving students (“scholars”). With the title being a playful riff on G.W.F. Hegel’s philosophical canon, this paper uses Hegelian notions such as self-consciousness, the “other”, desire, and negation to narrate and analyse those aspects of the Mainland Chinese scholars’ self-(trans)formative experiences revolving around the idiom of “very China”-ness.
The Ghetto Intern: Culture and Memory
Authors: Macdonald Heather , Goodman David M. , Howe Katie 
Published: June 2014

AbstractMany philosophers have argued that psychological time is a fundamental, inherent quality of consciousness that provides continuity and sequence to mental events—enabling memory. And, since memoryisconsciousness, psychological time enables the individual intentionality of consciousness. Levinas (1961), on the other hand, argues that an individual’s past, in the most original sense, is the past of other. The irreducible alterity of one’s past sets the stage for the other who co-determines the meaning of the past. This paper is about the exploration cultural memory within the context of a Caucasian doctoral student entering into an African-American community during an internship, who finds that cultural memories are remarkably more complicated than the propositional description of historic events. The paper further explores how cultural memory is not a record of “what happened” but a sociolinguistic creative meaning making process. Histories can be contested. Memory, on the other hand, never adheres to the strict true or false dichotomy. Memory is like searching for the Divine, it cannot be found, only revealed in mysterious and small details. Memory, is the intruding of the infinite, creating as an effect the idea of a finite (August, 2011), they are not “representations” of the past nor are they a kind of mnemonic system of subjectivism to mediate all of consciousness.
Contact and convergence: The Mon language in Burma and Thailand
Authors: McCormick Patrick , Jenny Mathias 
Published: June 2014

Mon has long been in contact with the dominant Burmese and Thai languages. The documented history of more than a thousand years allows us to trace changes in the language over time. This study looks at the divergent Mon varieties spoken today in Burma (Myanmar) and Thailand respectively, both influenced to different degrees and in different domains by the dominant national languages, Burmese and Thai. The study brings together insights from areal linguistics and history, painting a picture of the development of Mon in the two countries and its changing structure. Le mon a été depuis longtemps en contact avec les langues dominantes que sont  le birman et le thai. Une documentation historique de plus d'un millénaire nous permet de suivre l'évolution de cette langue à travers les époques. Cette étude s'intéresse aux variétés divergentes de mon parlées aujourd'hui en Birmanie et en Thaïlande respectivement, toutes deux influencées à des degrés divers et dans des domaines différents par les languges nationales dominantes, le birman et le thaï. Cette étude s'appuie à la fois sur la linguistique aréale et l'histoire afin de brosser un tableau du développement du mon dans ces deux pays et de son évolution structurelle.
Nominal demonstratives in the Southern Min Dialect of Hui’an
Authors: Chen Weirong 
Published: June 2014

This paper first clarifies the terms ‘demonstratives’ and ‘nominal demonstratives’, and how they differ from the Chinese term zhǐshì dàicí 指示代詞. We examine five sets of nominal demonstrative attested in the Southern Min dialect of Hui’an, in terms of their syntactic functions, their semantic features and their pragmatic uses. These demonstratives, which may involve syllable fusion, are marked for number, and also for type and genericity. In terms of pragmatic uses, they have not only an exophoric use, but also anaphoric, recognitional, discourse deictic, and other uses.
Cet article clarifie tout d’abord les termes “démonstratif” et “déterminant démon­stratif”, et ce qui les différencie du terme chinois zhǐshì dàicí 指示代詞. Nous examinons du point de vue syntaxique, sémantique et pragmatique cinq séries de déterminants démonstratifs du nom attestés dans le dialecte min du sud de Hui’an, dont certains peuvent provenir d'une contraction syllabique. Ils sont marqués quant au nombre, au type et à la généricité. Du point de vue pragmatique, ils peuvent avoir des emplois exophorique, anaphorique, de reconnaissance, comme un emploi déictique discursif.
The Plant–Craig Stochastic Convection Scheme in ICON and Its Scale Adaptivity
Authors: Keane Richard J. , Craig George C. , Keil Christian , Zängl Günther 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The emergence of numerical weather prediction and climate models with multiple or variable resolutions requires that their parameterizations adapt correctly, with consistent increases in variability as resolution increases. In this study, the stochastic convection scheme of Plant and Craig is tested in the Icosahedral Nonhydrostatic GCM (ICON), which is planned to be used with multiple resolutions. The model is run in an aquaplanet configuration with horizontal resolutions of 160, 80, and 40 km, and frequency histograms of 6-h accumulated precipitation amount are compared. Precipitation variability is found to increase substantially at high resolution, in contrast to results using two reference deterministic schemes in which the distribution is approximately independent of resolution. The consistent scaling of the stochastic scheme with changing resolution is demonstrated by averaging the precipitation fields from the 40- and 80-km runs to the 160-km grid, showing that the variability is then the same as that obtained from the 160-km model run. It is shown that upscale averaging of the input variables for the convective closure is important for producing consistent variability at high resolution.
Anelastic and Compressible Simulation of Moist Deep Convection
Authors: Kurowski Marcin J. , Grabowski Wojciech W. , Smolarkiewicz Piotr K. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Anelastic and compressible solutions are compared for two moist deep convection benchmarks, a two-dimensional thermal rising in a saturated moist-neutral deep atmosphere, and a three-dimensional supercell formation. In the anelastic model, the pressure applied in the moist thermodynamics comes from either the environmental hydrostatically balanced pressure profile in the standard anelastic model or is combined with nonhydrostatic perturbations from the elliptic pressure solver in the generalized anelastic model. The compressible model applies either an explicit acoustic-mode-resolving scheme requiring short time steps or a novel implicit scheme allowing time steps as large as those used in the anelastic model. The consistency of the unified numerical framework facilitates direct comparisons of results obtained with anelastic and compressible models.
The anelastic and compressible rising thermal solutions agree not only with each other but also with the previously published compressible benchmark solution based on the comprehensive representation of moist dynamics and thermodynamics. In contrast to earlier works focusing on the formulation of moist thermodynamics, the compatibility of the initial conditions is emphasized and its impact on the benchmark solutions is documented. The anelastic and compressible supercell solutions agree well for various versions of anelastic and compressible models even for cloud updrafts reaching 15% of the speed of sound. The nonhydrostatic pressure perturbations turn out to have a negligible impact on the moist dynamics. Numerical and physical details of the simulations, such as the advection scheme, spatial and temporal resolution, or parameters of the subgrid-scale turbulence, have a more significant effect on the solutions than the particular equation system applied.
Aberrant overexpression of CD14 on granulocytes sensitizes the innate immune response in mDia1 heterozygous del(5q) MDS
Authors: Keerthivasan Ganesan , Mei Yang , Zhao Baobing , Zhang Ling , Harris Chad E. , Gao Juehua , Basiorka Ashley A. , Schipma Matthew J. , McElherne James , Yang Jing , Verma Amit K. , Pellagatti Andrea , Boultwood Jacqueline , List Alan F. , Williams David A. , Ji Peng 
Published: June 2014

Key PointsmDia1 deficiency led to a cell-autonomous overexpression of CD14 on granulocytes and a hypersensitive innate immune response. mDia1 heterozygous and knockout mice developed age-dependent MDS that was accelerated by chronic stimulation of the innate immunity.
Systematic identification of personal tumor-specific neoantigens in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Rajasagi Mohini , Shukla Sachet A. , Fritsch Edward F. , Keskin Derin B. , DeLuca David , Carmona Ellese , Zhang Wandi , Sougnez Carrie , Cibulskis Kristian , Sidney John , Stevenson Kristen , Ritz Jerome , Neuberg Donna , Brusic Vladimir , Gabriel Stacey , Lander Eric S. , Getz Gad , Hacohen Nir , Wu Catherine J. 
Published: June 2014

Key PointsTumor neoantigens are a promising class of immunogens based on exquisite tumor specificity and the lack of central tolerance against them. Massively parallel DNA sequencing with class I prediction enables systematic identification of tumor neoepitopes (including from CLL).