bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Screening of anthocyanins in single red grapes using a non‐destructive method based on the near infrared hyperspectral technology and chemometrics
Authors: Martínez‐Sandoval Jesús Raúl , Nogales‐Bueno Julio , Rodríguez‐Pulido Francisco José , Hernández‐Hierro José Miguel , Segovia‐Quintero Manuel Alberto , Martínez‐Rosas Miguel Enrique , Heredia Francisco José 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDAnthocyanins are the main compounds responsible for the colour of red wines and therefore it may be important to evaluate the content of the aforesaid secondary metabolites during grape ripening due to the crucial importance to determine wine colour. Nowadays, there is a growing demand of rapid and non‐destructive analytical tools for analysing grapes, such as the emerging hyperspectral analysis.RESULTSThe hyperspectral images of intact grapes (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Tempranillo, Graciano, Garnacha and Mazuelo red grape from vineyards located in the D.O.Ca. Rioja at two different developmental stages) were recorded using a near infrared hyperspectral imaging device (900–1700 nm). Reference values of anthocyanins were obtained by HPLC‐DAD. Calibrations were performed by modified partial least squares regression and present a good potential (coefficient of determination of 0.72 and standard error of cross‐validation values of 0.78 and 0.70 mg per grape for total and non‐acylated anthocyanins respectively).CONCLUSIONThe procedure reported here presents a good potential for a fast and reasonably inexpensive screening of these compounds in intact single berries. Moreover, the heterogeneity of anthocyanins within the same ripeness stage could be evaluated using this non‐detructive tool. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Analysis of volatiles from stored wheat and Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) with solid phase microextraction–gas chromatography mass spectrometry
Authors: Niu Yonghao , Hua Lei , Hardy Giles , Agarwal Manjree , Ren Yonglin 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDVolatile organic compounds (VOCs) contribute significantly to food flavour and can be used as indicators of quality, age of storage, and hygiene condition of stored products. The VOCs in the headspace of three different samples – healthy wheat, Rhyzopertha dominica, and wheat with R. dominica – were analysed at 25°C by solid phase micro‐extraction (SPME) coupled with gas chromatography–flame ionisation detection (GC‐FID) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). All the experimental conditions were kept consistent except a polar column and a non‐polar column were used to assess the differences in volatile fingerprints.RESULTSA total of 114 volatiles were identified by both the polar and non‐polar columns, of which 48 were specific to one of the three samples tested. The volatiles were mainly carbonyl chemical compounds such as aldehydes, ketones and alcohols. GC‐MS results showed slightly more VOCs were identified from the polar column. The total number for the three samples was 43 from the polar column compared to 39 from the non‐polar column. Conversely, 30 VOCs unique to a given sample were identified from the non‐polar column compared to 18 from the polar column.CONCLUSIONThe use of both polar and non‐polar columns is essential to capture the full range of VOCs produced by the three specific sample types investigated. The data can form the basis of enquiry into the relationship between storage and grain quality, and insect infestation and grain quality by observing the impact that these circumstances have on the production of volatile organic compounds. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Reflective liquid crystal display without flicker for reducing eye strain
Authors: Fukai Shuji , Niikura Yasuhiro , Ikenaga Makoto , Hatsumi Ryo , Nishi Takeshi , Ishitani Tetsuji , Hirakata Yoshiharu , Koyama Jun , Yamazaki Shunpei , Sato Rai , Cho Takayuki 
Published: May 2015

AbstractWe fabricated two types of 6.05‐in. active matrix reflective liquid crystal displays (LCD) using a c‐axis‐aligned crystalline oxide semiconductor (CAAC‐OS) for the driver circuit and field‐effect transistors in pixels: one is of the high‐reflectance type, and the other is of the wide‐gamut type. Because of the small off‐state current of the CAAC‐OS and the improved liquid crystal material, low‐frequency driving at 1/60 fps or lower was achieved without memory in a pixel. Consequently, the still image display does not require data writing, except in turning pages; thus, it is flicker‐free in still image display. We also examined the page‐turning operation for less eye strain.The study shows that a reflective color LCD using a CAAC‐OS results in eye‐friendly still image display without flicker similar to an electrophoretic display (EPD); however, it is capable of moving image display, color display, and eye‐friendly page‐turning operation, which are difficult to achieve with an EPD.
Blue phase dual‐view liquid crystal display based on directional backlight system
Authors: Tang Pei , Cui Jian‐Peng , Fan Hao‐Xiang , Wang Qiong‐Hua 
Published: May 2015

AbstractWe design a blue phase dual‐view liquid crystal display (BP DVLCD) based on a directional backlight system. Combining the patterned electrodes with the directional backlight system, the cross‐talk ratio is reduced to only 1.17%. Moreover, the resolution and brightness will be tripled by using field‐sequential color display. In the preferred viewing area, the BP DVLCD has a high contrast ratio of ~1700:1.
Kinetic Studies on Nucleophilic Addition Reactions of 4‐X‐substituted Anilines to N1‐methyl‐4‐nitro‐2,1,3 benzothiadiazolium terafluoroborate in Acetonitrile: Reaction Mechanism and Mayr's Approach
Authors: Salah S. Ben , Boubaker T. , Goumont R. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTThe kinetics of the coupling of N1‐methyl‐4‐nitro‐2,1,3 benzothiadiazolium tetrafluoroborate 1 with a series of 4‐X‐substituted anilines 2a–f (X = OH, OMe, Me, H, Cl, and CN) have been investigated in acetonitrile at 20°C. The second‐order rate constants result in a nonlinear Brönsted‐type plot. The Hammett plot is also nonlinear, whereas the Yukawa–Tsuno plot exhibits an excellent linear correlation with ρ = –1.62 and r = 1.44. The large Brönsted (βnuc = 1.24) and Hammett (ρ = –5.16) values suggest that the reactions proceed trough a single electron transfer mechanism. The finding of satisfactory correlation between the log k1 of the reactions and the oxidation potentials (E°) of anilines 2a–d supports this mechanism. On the other hand, electrophilicity parameter E of benzothiadiazolium cation 1 as defined by the correlation log k20°C = s(E + N) has been determined and compared with the electrophilic reactivities of a large variety of electrophiles.
Effects of permafrost degradation on water and sediment quality and heterotrophic bacterial production of Arctic tundra lakes: An experimental approach
Authors: Moquin Paul A. , Wrona Frederick J. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractTo assess the effects of shoreline retrogressive thaw slumping on the chemical, physical, and ecological components of small tundra lakes, an in situ manipulative mesocosm experiment was performed in an upland, unslumped Arctic lake located near Inuvik, Northwest Territories, Canada. Twelve replicate mesocosms were established: three control and three replicates of three treatment levels each dosed with differing amounts of soil sourced from the thaw scar of a nearby lake affected by shoreline retrogressive thaw slumping. The soil was rich in ionic compounds such as calcium, magnesium, and sulfates reflecting the marine origin of the local geology, and also contained nutrients (P and N) and organic carbon. Water column ionic and nutrient concentrations increased with increasing soil input, while pelagic bacterial production decreased. Conversely, benthic bacterial production increased by 44, 112, and 498% in the low, medium, and high soil treatments, respectively. This study shows thermokarst slumping to differentially affect pelagic and benthic heterotrophic microbial production through changes to the physical and chemical properties of the water and sediment. The stimulation of benthic and corresponding inhibition of pelagic heterotrophic productivity relative to the control treatments over the 12‐week experimental period indicate that shoreline retrogressive thaw slumping alters heterotrophic energy pathways during the early successional stages of thermokarst lakes experiencing shoreline slumping.
CPW‐fed broadband circularly polarized rectangular slot antenna with L‐shaped feed line and parasitic elements
Authors: Saini Rohit Kumar , Dwari Santanu 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTA new coplanner waveguide‐fed broadband circularly polarized (CP) rectangular slot antenna is proposed. Circular polarization (CP) is obtained using L‐shaped feed line protruded from the signal line and rectangle‐shaped parasitic element (PE). The CP bandwidth can be significantly enhanced by placing a strip adjacent to the rectangle‐shaped PE. By adjusting the length of the strip, the CP bandwidth is obtained as high as 48.28% (2.2–3.6 GHz) with axial ratio (AR)  ≤ 3 dB. Impedance bandwidth of 63.97% (1.93–3.745 GHz) with VSWR ≤ 2 is achieved. The antenna has a small size of 60 × 50 mm2. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1788–1794, 2015
Design of dual‐mode dual‐band photonic crystal bandpass filters for terahertz communication applications
Authors: Karakilinc Ozgur Onder , Dinleyici Mehmet Salih 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTIn this study, Photonic Crystal (PhC) dual‐mode dual‐band bandpass filter is designed and its transmission characteristics are investigated for various configurations. PhC resonator structure is formed by a point defect microcavity that is equipped with one large and three smaller auxiliary perturbation rods. Degenerate modes at each band may also be excited by changing the structure properties of the perturbation. Plane wave expansion method and Finite Difference Time‐Domain method are used to analyze the device characteristics. Proposed dual‐band dual‐mode PhC filter structure can effectively be used for terahertz communication applications. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1806–1810, 2015
A simple design for slotted patch antennas with broadband circular polarization
Authors: Chen Jhih‐Ming , Row Jeen‐Sheen 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTA simple design for circularly polarized (CP) patch antennas with broadband operation is presented. The design is based on a cross slot antenna with an ellipse‐shaped ground plane. A design guideline for the CP antenna is given. Three samples are performed by the guideline, and their antenna prototypes are fabricated and tested. Measured results show that the 3dB‐axial‐ratio bandwidths of the three prototypes, centered at 0.9, 1.4, 2 Hz, are 26, 37, and 33%, respectively. In addition, the performances of the slotted patch antenna backed with a reflector are also addressed. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1854–1857, 2015
Low‐profile dual‐wideband dual‐inverted‐L open‐slot antennafor the LTE/WWAN tablet device
Authors: Wong Kin‐Lu , Wu Pei‐Rong 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTA low‐profile open‐slot antenna for the LTE/WWAN operation in the tablet device, such as a smartphone or tablet computer is presented. The antenna consists of two inverted‐L (IL) open slots, with one longer IL open slot for the low band of 698∼960 MHz and one shorter IL open slot for the high band of 1710–2690 MHz, and is referred to as a dual‐inverted‐L open‐slot antenna in this study. The open ends of the longer and shorter IL open slots face each other and are disposed at the top or bottom edge of the tablet device. Between the two open ends, there is a protruded ground suitable for accommodating electronic elements, such as a USB connector or a camera lens. The antenna shows a low profile of 7 mm to the top or bottom edge and is excited by two feeds, with the first and second feeds, respectively, exciting the longer and shorter IL open slots thereof. By aided with the wideband matching circuits in the first and second feeds, the antenna can provide two wide operating bands covering the 698–960 and 1710–2690 MHz bands. Easy control of the two feeds for the desired dual‐wideband operation is also obtained. The antenna is suitable for dual‐wideband LTE operation in the modern tablet device, especially for the tablet device with a narrow spacing between the display panel and the top or bottom edge thereof. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1813–1818, 2015
New three‐phase demodulator circuit operating in a wide frequency range
Authors: Kaissoine Abdou , Huyart Bernard 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTThis article describes a new design of a Three‐Phased Demodulator circuit (TPD) using microstrip technology on FR4 dielectric substrate. The results of frequency transposition to baseband of three aggregated radio frequency signals position TPD as a potential candidate for future LTE‐A mobile communication networks. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1825–1831, 2015
A Distributed retro‐reflective beamformer for wireless power transmission
Authors: He Jinmei , Wang Xin , Guo Lisheng , Shen Shan , Lu Mingyu 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTThis letter demonstrates a wireless power transmission scheme based on distributed retro‐reflective beamforming experimentally. The wireless power transmitter, which includes eight antennas distributed in space, receives pilot signals from a mobile device and then focuses radio frequency power onto the device's location through analyzing the pilot signals. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1873–1876, 2015
LC resonator loaded bandwidth enhanced tri‐band planar inverted‐F antenna
Authors: Reddy Sanampudi Venkatrami , Sarkar Debdeep , Saurav Kushmanda , Srivastava Kumar Vaibhav 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTIn this article, a Planar Inverted‐F Antenna (PIFA) loaded with LC resonators for tri‐band operation with enhanced bandwidth is presented. The electric and/or magnetic resonances induced by the designed LC resonators used as loading element are responsible for achieving multiband characteristics in the proposed antenna. A novel tri‐band LC resonator is used to achieve a tri‐band PIFA with enhanced bandwidth of 36.8% (27% higher than reference PIFA bandwidth) at the upper resonant frequency. A prototype of the proposed antenna is fabricated to validate the results obtained in simulation. The proposed antenna has quasi‐omnidirectional radiation pattern at all the operating bands and can be used in DCS/WLAN/WiMAX/LTE2300/LTE2500 applications. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1879–1883, 2015
Design of aperture‐coupled dielectric resonator antenna free from higher order modes and harmonics
Authors: Biswas Sujoy , Guha Debatosh , Kumar Chandrakanta 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTControlling of higher order modes and harmonics in an aperture coupled Dielectric Resonator Antenna has been explored. A compact design of improvised feed using defected ground structure (DGS) has been used and up to 15 dB suppression has been experimentally demonstrated covering more than 80% impedance bandwidth. Application of DGS has been discussed and the suppression characteristics have been experimentally demonstrated. No detrimental effect caused by the DGS on the radiations of the fundamental mode has been ensured experimentally. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1980–1983, 2015
A novel ultrawideband toppled trapezium‐shaped patch antenna with partial ground plane
Authors: Kamakshi Kumari , Ansari J. A. , Singh Ashish , Aneesh Mohammad , Jaiswal Aravind K. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTIn this article, a new design of ultrawideband microstrip patch antenna is proposed and results are verified experimentally. The printed configuration consists of a toppled trapezium‐shaped radiating patch with finite size ground plane is excited via edge feeding. The antenna offers 114.20% bandwidth when fabricated on a substrate of dielectric constant 3.38. Simulated and experimental reflection characteristics, gain and radiation pattern are presented and discussed. The effect of tilt angles on the antenna characteristics is also studied. The study shows that the proposed antenna is simple in design and easy in feeding to meet the demand of wireless communications. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1983–1986, 2015
Design of low power low phase noise negative resistance Ku‐band VCO using planar resonator pair
Authors: Patel Sanket S. , Gupta Sanjeev , Ghodgaonkar Deepak 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTNew negative resistance voltage‐controlled oscillator (VCO) at Ku‐band is designed. The proposed topology uses packaged NPN Silicon Germanium RF transistor and two parallel resonator structures connected to the device emitters. Novel active open ended planar structure is proposed as a resonator for the VCO. Resonator is analyzed in terms of required reflection coefficient and input impedance. Resonator's quality factor varies in between 159 and 235 as a function of tuning voltage. VCO microwave IC is fabricated on TMM10i soft substrate with 17.5μm Cr‐Cu‐Au metallization process. VCO can be tuned for 180MHz by varying resonators’ varactors from 0 to 22 V. Measured output power remains in between 4.2 and 8.06 dBm for the entire tuning range. Measured phase noise is −145 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset with 8 V tuning voltage. Normalized phase noise figure of merit for the VCO is −214.4 dBc/Hz. The circuit has low power consumption of 25.5 mW and high DC to RF conversion efficiency (ηDC‐RF). © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1938–1941, 2015
Wideband LTCC vertical via transition from DC to 30GHz
Authors: Li Yufu , Zhou Bo 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTA wideband vertical via transition utilizing coaxial impedance alternating low‐pass structure in low temperature co‐fired ceramic (LTCC) substrate is proposed for DC to 30GHz frequency band. The low‐pass structure is composed of seven‐stage cascaded high‐low impedance sections coated with Ferro A6S LTCC material. Measured results show better than −1 dB S21 and −12 dB S11 are achieved from DC to 30GHz. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1965–1968, 2015
Wideband dual‐polarized planar antenna for base stations
Authors: Liu Ying , Wang Jiu , Gong Shuxi 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTA broadband dual‐polarized planar antenna with simple reflector is introduced. The antenna is composed of two pairs of circular slotted square arms which are coupling‐fed by two fan‐shaped microstrip lines. By properly adjusting the feeding structure, the antenna can be connected to 50‐Ω coaxial lines directly, making the antenna full planar. Due to the fan‐shaped microstrip stub and the tight coupling between the two dipoles, a bandwidth of 48.2% (1.62–2.68 GHz) for Return Loss > 14 dB and sufficient high port‐to‐port isolation of 30 dB can be achieved simultaneously. Circular holes are introduced to elongate the current path, leading to a compact and light‐weight radiator structure (0.36λ0 × 0.36λ0, where λ0 refers to the center operating frequency) which contributes to a simple reflector. Besides, the measured results show that a stable half‐power beam width of 70° ± 3°, an average gain of 7.6 ± 0.3 dBi for slant ±45° polarizations, and a low cross‐polarization of 29 dB are realized. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1948–1952, 2015
Total variation based tensor decomposition for multi‐dimensional data with time dimension
Authors: Chen Chuan , Li Xutao , Ng Michael K. , Yuan Xiaoming 
Published: May 2015

SummaryIn this paper, we study tensors with time dimension which arises in many scientific and engineering applications such as time series gene expression analysis and video analysis. In these applications, we are interested in determining a set of components interacting closely and consistently together over a period of time. The main aim of this paper is to develop a numerical method to compute such constrained CANDECOMP/PARAFAC (CP) decompositions. We make use of the total variation regularization to constrain the time dimension factor in the decomposition in order to obtain a piecewise constant function with respect to time points. The components of the other dimensions corresponding to these time points are closely related. For example, in time series gene expression analysis, a set of genes may regulate a biological process together during a specific time period; in video analysis, a set of image pixels may refer to a foreground object in the video frames. We employ ADMM to solve the resulting optimization problem, and study its convergence. Numerical examples on synthetic and real data sets are used to demonstrate that the proposed total variation based CP decomposition model can provide more accurate and interesting results. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tollip is a critical mediator of cerebral ischaemia–reperfusion injury
Authors: Li Mingchang , Feng Bin , Wang Lang , Guo Sen , Zhang Peng , Gong Jun , Zhang Yan , Zheng Ankang , Li Hongliang 
Published: May 2015

AbstractToll‐like receptor (TLR) signalling plays an important role in regulating cerebral ischaemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury. Toll‐interacting protein (Tollip) is an endogenous negative modulator of TLR signalling that is involved in several inflammatory diseases. Our previous study showed that Tollip inhibits overload‐induced cardiac remodelling. However, the role of Tollip in neurological disease remains unknown. In the present study, we proposed that Tollip might contribute to the progression of stroke and confirmed this hypothesis. We found that Tollip expression was significantly increased in I/R‐challenged brain tissue of humans, mice and rats in vivo and in primary neurons subjected to oxygen and glucose deprivation in vitro, indicating the involvement of Tollip in I/R injury. Next, using genetic approaches, we revealed that Tollip deficiency protects mice against I/R injury by attenuating neuronal apoptosis and inflammation, as demonstrated by the decreased expression of pro‐apoptotic and pro‐inflammatory genes and the increased expression of anti‐apoptotic genes. By contrast, neuron‐specific Tollip over‐expression exerted the opposite effect. Mechanistically, the detrimental effects of Tollip on neuronal apoptosis and inflammation following I/R injury were largely mediated by the suppression of Akt signalling. Additionally, to further support our findings, a Tollip knockout rat strain was generated via CRISPR‐Cas9‐mediated gene inactivation. The Tollip‐deficient rats were also protected from I/R injury, based on dramatic decreases in neuronal apoptosis and ischaemic inflammation through Akt activation. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that Tollip acts as a novel modulator of I/R injury by promoting neuronal apoptosis and ischaemic inflammation, which are largely mediated by suppression of Akt signalling. Copyright © 2015 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.