bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
689 – Prevalence of ADHD in a French Community Sample of 1,171 Adults: Results from the Chip-ARD Study
Authors: Caci H. , Morin A.J.S. , Bouchez J. , Baylé F.J. 
Published: July 2013

Introduction:Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is common in childhood (affecting about 5% of children) and persists into adulthood up to 80% of the time. As a result, up to 3.5% of adults may have ADHD, which much higher rates in parents of children referred for ADHD, as heredity plays a role in ADHD. Thus, screening ADHD in adults is relevant in psychiatric and public health practice. The Adult ADHD Symptom Rating Scale (ASRS) was specifically developed for this reason by the World Health Organisation and translated into many languages, including French.Aims:This study aims to estimate the prevalence rates of ADHD in a community sample of French adults, a population where no valid estimates are currently available.Methods:A total of 1,171 adults were asked to rate their behaviours on the ASRS. The total score on the first six items is used as a screener, and the total score of the full set of 18 items is used for adults scoring in the clinically significant zone on the screener (i.e. two-stage algorithm). Maximum-likelihood prevalence rates were estimated in the entire sample and in gender (men vs. women) and age (below and above 43 years-old) subgroups.Results:The 6-item screener score suggests that 11.27% of participants (10.59% for females, 12.16% for males, 10.66% for younger adults, 12.16% for older ones). The two-stage algorithm suggests that 2.99% of participants (2.57%/3.53% for females/males, 2.16%/4.19% for younger/older adults) present clinical levels of ADHD, which is the rate commonly reported in other countries.
693 – Critical Approach to Dimensional Models of Personality in DSM-V
Authors: López-Santín J.M. , Molins Galvez F. 
Published: July 2013

Introduction:In past years, research in personality disorders has been mainly focused on dimensional models based in statistical methods like factorial analysis. Some different factors have been proposed lately, but most of these developed models seem to accept a model of four or five proposals. However, clinical and research groups disagree in the inclusion of these models in DSM-V.Our aim is to discuss some epistemological questions in dimensional models of personality.Methods:A critical review of dimensional models of personality and their limitations from a hermeneutical perspective is presented.Results:Three main limitations in dimensional models of personality disorders have been reported:Mental states and behaviour are de-contextualized, so subjectivity (which is responsible for its relevance), is neglected.Temporal dimension of human behaviour is lost, so there is a narrow understanding of subjectivity.An blind epistemological priority is given to first person perspective.The hermeneutic approach takes into account these limitations and can, certainly, be very helpful with our daily work. Some questions it develops are:The other's subjectivity is out of reach. Our relation with the other is ethical rather than epistemologicalSubject-Environment interdependenceTime as an existential dimension of subjectivityConclusions:The epistemological assumptions of dimensional models based on statistical factors have important limitations so they can not be useful for clinical purposes.Using the bases of hermeneutical philosophy of the twentieth century, some psychiatrists (Stanghellini, Ramos and Rejón) re-introduce the subjectivity question and open a broader field to our daily work.
703 – Methylphenidate Abuse among Icelandic I.V. Substance Abusers
Authors: Bjarnadottir G.D. , Rafnar B.O. , Sigurdsson E. , Steingrimsson S. , Bragadottir H. , Haraldsson M. , Magnusson A. 
Published: July 2013

Background:Prescription and sale of Methylphenidate (MPD) has increased sharply in Iceland in recent years as it has done worldwide. MPD is known to have abuse potential but significant i.v. use of prescription stimulants has not been reported in the literature. Clinical experience however has indicated that such i.v. use has now become very prevalent in Iceland.Aim:To investigate the prevalence, pattern and symptoms of i.v. MPD abuse in Iceland.Method:The study is cross-sectional in design. The study tool is a semi-structured interview designed especially for the purpose of this study. All substance abusers admitted to drug treatment in Iceland who have used substances i.v. in the past 30 days, are offered to participate in the study. The aim is to include 150 individuals.Result:The study is in its preliminary stage. First results show that MPD is now the most commonly abused i.v. drug in Iceland, 85% of the sample admitted to using MPD i.v. in the past 30 days. Methylphenidate is preferred by i.v. substance abusers over illegal stimulants.Conclusion:Our preliminary data shows that MPD abuse is a very prevalent problem in Iceland. It is the most commonly abused i.v. drug in Iceland at present. It is important to objectively verify and characterize the pattern of MPD abuse as to evaluate the complications associated with i.v. use of MPD. Increased knowledge of this problem is necessary both for Iceland as well as other countries.
Application of Reiki on Depression in Nursing: A Literature Review
Authors: Yu W.M. 
Published: July 2013

Introduction:Depression is a growing global mental problem which affects an individual's physical, psychological and social functioning. Reiki, a complementary and alternative therapy which activates the natural healing abilities of body and enhances the growth of psycho-spirituality of an individual, is increasingly used by health care professionals to help clients suffering from depression. Studies showed that Reiki had a positive impact to improve the mood and emotion of depressive clients.Objectives:To assess the application of Reiki on depression in nursing.Aims:To review literatures on application of Reiki on depression in nursing.Methods:Databases of CINAHL and MEDLINE between 2000 and 2012 were searched using keywords of ‘Reiki’, ‘depression’ and ‘nursing’.Results:Three studies were found and relevant to the keywords. An experimental study was performed on older adults which revealed a significant reduction in depressive symptoms when compared with the control group without Reiki treatment. Two randomized clinical trials with control groups performed in community also had found an improvement of depressive symptoms, hopelessness, and stress in treatment, of which one of them had showed the continuity of Reiki effect lasted for a year.Conclusions:Since evidences showed a positive impact of Reiki on depressive clients, it is suggested to perform Reiki treatment by nurses as an adjuvant therapy on depressive clients. Study on the application and effectiveness of Reiki is recommended so as to review the outcome and establish an evidence base for Reiki in nursing practice.
717 – Clinical Measures Trump Neurocognition in Predicting Long-term Outcome for Adolescents at Ultra-high Risk for Psychosis
Authors: Ziermans T. , de Wit S. , Schothorst P. , Sprong M. , van Engeland H. , Kahn R. , Durston S. 
Published: July 2013

Background:Most studies aiming to predict transition to psychosis for individuals at ultra-high risk (UHR) have focused on either neurocognitive or clinical variables and have made little effort to combine the two. We aimed to investigate the relative value of neurocognitive and clinical variables for predicting transition to psychosis as well as long-term functional outcome.Methods:Sixty-seven adolescents at UHR and 72 controls completed an extensive clinical and neurocognitive assessment. Forty-three UHR individuals and 47 controls participated in long-term follow-up approximately six years later. UHR adolescents who had converted to psychosis (UHR-P) were compared to individuals who had not (UHR-NP) and controls on clinical and neurocognitive variables. Regression analyses were performed to determine which baseline measures best predicted transition to psychosis and long-term functional outcome for UHR individuals.Results:Low IQ was the single neurocognitive parameter that discriminated UHR-P individuals from UHR-NP individuals and controls. The severity of attenuated positive symptoms was the only significant predictor of a transition to psychosis and disorganized symptoms were highly predictive of functional outcome.Conclusions:IQ was lowest for those individuals at ultra high risk for psychosis who later went on to have a psychotic episode. However, IQ was not a good predictor of either transition or functional outcome. Rather, clinical measures proved to be the most important vulnerability markers for long-term outcome.
718 – Characteristics of the Inpatient Population and Care Received at the Bwaila District Hospital Psychiatric Unit in Lilongwe, Malawi
Authors: Barnett B. , Ball L. , Kusunzi V. , Magola L. , Hosseinipour M. 
Published: July 2013

Introduction:Despite the high burden of mental illness worldwide, psychiatric studies in sub-Saharan Africa are sparse. Few have been conducted in Malawi and little information exists about inpatient psychiatric populations within the country.Objectives:To describe the spectrum of psychiatric diagnoses and treatment courses of patients admitted to Bwaila Hospital (BH), the inpatient psychiatric unit for the central region of the country.Methods:We reviewed medical records of all patients admitted to BH in 2011 and extracted information about demographics, diagnoses, treatments and outcomes.Results:Inpatient care was provided to 457 patients. Patients had a mean age of 30 years and 298 (67%) were male. 258 (56%) had a known psychiatric diagnosis and 222 (49%) had been hospitalized for psychiatric care previously. The most common diagnoses were primary psychotic disorder (360), alcohol dependence (96) and mood disorder (37). The most common precipitating cause for admission was medication non-adherence (132), mostly in patients with psychotic disorders. The average length of presenting symptoms was 7 days, average length of stay was 21 days, and most commonly used treatments were chlorpromazine, diazepam, fluphenazine and carbamazepine. Outcomes included stabilization/release (308), transfer to another facility (75), removal by family against medical advice (40), abscondment (25) and death (7), which was mostly due to alcohol withdrawal.Conclusions:Primary psychotic disorders and alcohol dependence are the most common reasons for inpatient psychiatric hospitalization at BH. Efforts to increase medication adherence in patients and emphasize the risks of alcohol consumption may lead to decreased psychiatric hospitalizations within Malawi.
722 – Effect of Regular Aerobic Exercise on Depression in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Aghamohammadi A. , Rajabi A. , Zafari M. , Aghamohammadi A. 
Published: July 2013

Background and objective:Most women that reached menopause, experience depression. This study was done with this purpose to investigate the effects of regular aerobic exercise on depression in postmenopausal women.Methods:In this experimental study, twenty six postmenopausal depressed women with age of 45-55 years, who sampled randomly in 2 groups (control and experimental), were participated in this investigation. The experimental group followed exercise training program including walking three times a week, for 3 months. But control group did not participate in any exercise program. depression level was measured before and after exercise.Findings:Mean of depression in experimental group before exercise training relative to after exercise training were significantly decreased.Conclusion:The results of present study demonstrated that regular aerobic exercise training decrease depression symptom. So, the authorities should apply strategies to decrease depression symptoms by changing life style from inactivity to exercise training in order to support postmenopausal women somatic health.
726 – Improvement of Obsessive-compulsive Symptoms in Schizophrenia Patients after Switching from Typical or Atypical Antipsychotics to Amisulpride
Authors: Sirota P. , Hadi E. 
Published: July 2013

Background:Obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCSs) are frequently comorbid with schizophrenia. Various atypical antipsychotics induce OCSs by 5-HT2A receptor inhibition. Amisulpride causes only minimal inhibition of the 5-HT2A receptor, and therefore, should not induce or exacerbate OCSs in patients with schizophrenia.Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of amisulpride on OCSs in patients with schizophrenia who were taking typical or atypical antipsychotics.Method:21 patients, aged 18-65 years, with schizophrenia and OCSs (DSM-4 criteria) with a score of 16 or higher on YBOCS and taking a single antipsychotic were enrolled to a 12-week prospective open trial of amisulpride (400-1200 mg/d). Changes in YBOCS, PANSS,CGI,GAF QLS -18, extrapyramidal symptoms, adverse events, and body-weight changes were evaluated 12 weeks after the antipsychotics were switched to amisulpride.Results:All 19 patients who completed the trial had an improvement on the YBOCS,PANSS,CGI,GAF AND QLS-18. At week 12,the mean YBOCS total score decreased significantly (26.579 ± 5.124 vs.14.631± 5.479; p < 0.001),the mean PANSS total score decreased significantly (83.947±17.886 vs.63.421±14.311; p < 0.001). Eight patients (42.1%) showed 50% or more improvement in the YBOCS total score. Thirteen patients (68.4%) showed 20% or greater improvement in the PANSS total score. Amisulpiride was safe and well tolerated.Conclusions:These results indicate that switch to amisulpiride is very effective for OCSs, psychotic symptoms and global functioning in patients with schizophrenia.However, changes in OCSs and psychotic symptoms were independent. Further studies with amisulpiride under controlled conditions are needed for these patients.
729 – Prescribing Antipsychotics in Patients with Dementia, Milton Keynes, England, UK
Authors: Al-Taiar H. 
Published: July 2013

Background:Dementia is a serious loss of global cognitive ability in a previously unimpaired person, beyond what might be expected from normal aging.There are about 820,000 people in the UK with dementia (Alzheimer's Research Trust 2010).Aim:To show whether we compiled with the Department of Health in prescribing antipsychotics for dementia patients. All the patients have an indication recorded for the prescribing of antipsychotics including target symptoms.Methods and materials:We included all the patients with dementia who were under the care of the MCPCT Older Adult Team (Outpatients, inpatients, and memory assessment clinics) between April 1st 2011 - June 30th 2011.Results:Antipsychotics were used in 11% of patients with dementia, there’re were clear guidelines as to what the indications were in each case.The initiation of treatment was almost within the scope of specialist mental health services. The review was done by consultants. The indication for antipsychotics were psychotic symptoms (delusions and hallucinations) in nearly 40% of cases. In 50% of cases we tried to stop the antipsychotics with successful cessation in half of that sample.Discussion:It is clear that antipsychotics are infrequently used in older adult population with Dementia who are under the care of our teams (only 11%).Conclusion:The older adult psychiatry teams in Milton Keynes Primary care trusts are compliant with the Department of Health's guidance on the prescription of antipsychotics fro dementia patients (Nov 2009).Non pharmacological methods of managing these behavioural and psychotic features were tried in 71%.
730 – Challenges between Adolescents' Independence and Restriction in Iranian Family
Authors: Shahhosseini Z. , Simbar M. , Ramezankhani A. 
Published: July 2013

Background & Purpose:Psychological-behavioral development of adolescents depends on regulations and rules of family. In this regard balance between adolescents' independence-restriction is one of the most important and challenging matters. This study conducted to evaluate adolescents and key informants' perceptions and experiences regarding to this challenge.Material and methods:This qualitative study was conducted in Sari in the North of Iran. Sixty-seven urban and rural female adolescents between 12-19 years of old participated in 8 focus group discussions. In addition, semi structured interviews were done with 11 key informants. Participants were selected based on purposeful sampling and with maximum variety. All taperecorded data was fully transcribed and thematic analysis was done to identify key themes.Results:Findings of this research lead to two main themes including: Family trust to adolescents (adolescents' independence, family supervision, not discrimination between children) and Respect to adolescents (kindness, attention).Conclusion:Providing a balance between independence and restriction in teens lead to promotion of self-esteem in adolescents which in turn reinforce her life skills abilities such as decision-making and critical thinking. So it is necessary to promote parents' knowledge and aware teens from family regulations which they must to meet.
742 – Internet Addiction and Related Addictive Behaviors in a Sample of Medical School Students
Authors: Floros G.D. , Siomos K.E. , Antoniadis D. , Stogiannidou A. , Giouzepas I. , Garyfallos G. 
Published: July 2013

Introduction:Internet addiction is a multi-faceted construct which is currently under review for inclusion in the forthcoming fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of the American Psychiatric Association. In Greece, a specialized outpatient counseling service has been setup by our Psychiatric department in order to provide counseling for any students with related problems.Objectives:This survey has been setup in order to facilitate comparisons with those seeking help and validate the research measures used for their assessment. Furthermore, it sheds some light into Internet use from the future health professionals, an area of research that has been neglected.Aims:To gather data on student Internet use, social media use, online gaming and gambling, use of online sexual content and any addictive phenomena related to those behaviors.Methods:We employed an extensive battery of questionnaires identical to that employed by our counseling service. The battery includes detailed measures of all online behaviors, the SCL-90 psychopathology index, the Defense Styles Questionnaire (DSQ) and the Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire (ZKPQ).Results:The presentation includes detailed results from the battery of questionnaires including comparisons with the validation samples and previous related research work carried out. Our sample demonstrated an unexpectedly high incidence of psychiatric symptoms and several cases of online addictive behaviors.Conclusions:Our results are demonstrating the need for a broader reach out to the target populations since a large number of students may be hesitant to seek help for their online addictions or simply prefer to ignore them.
746 – Insight as a Mediator between Stigma and Depression in Schizophrenia
Authors: Krupchanka D. , Katliar M. 
Published: July 2013

Introduction:The “Paradox of insight” in schizophrenia is a fact of its controversial impact with both positive and negative sides. It is known that insight and depression are positively correlated: the more awareness of schizophrenic illness, the more likelihood of depression. The mechanisms of this correlation have been clarified insufficiently at the moment.Objective:We hypothesized that the correlation between level of depression in patients and stigmatizing views of their close relatives depends on patient's illness awareness.Materials and methods:120 patients (response rate - 80%) with a diagnosis of “paranoid schizophrenia” were included in the cross-sectional, observational study. Following questionnaires were used: “The Scale to Assess Unawareness of Mental Disorder” (SUMD), “Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia” (CDSS). The stigmatizing views were assessed in patient's closest relatives with questioner “Mental health in public conscience” developed by Iastrebov et all.Results:We have found statistically significant differences of correlations between patients’ groups with different level of insight (full, partial and absence of awareness of mental illness). Moreover, only in group of patients with full awareness of mental disorder the statistically significant correlation between level of depression in patients and intensity of stigmatizing beliefs in their close relative was found.Conclusions:Received data support hypothesis that the correlation between the level of depression in patients and the intensity of stigmatizing views of their close relatives depends on the patient's illness awareness.
747 – Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and B-Cell Lymphoma Leukemia-2 Plasma Levels in Patients with Subsyndromal Symptomatic Depression
Authors: Li Z. , Fang Y. 
Published: July 2013

Objective:To explore the relationship between brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and B-cell lymphoma Leukemia-2 (Bcl-2) plasma levels in subsyndromal symptomatic depression (SSD) patients.Methods:In this case-control study, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbnent Assay (ELISA) method was used to analysed the differences of BDNF plasma levels between SSD group (n=42) and healthy controls (n=51). At the same time Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17(HAMD17) were assessed the patients'severity.Result:There were significant difference of BDNF plasma levels between SSD group (medium 2.97 ng/ml)and healthy group (medium 3.71ng/ml, z=-2.94, P 0.003). Furthermore, BDNF plasma levels in SSD patients were associated with Hamilton score (r -0.53, P < 0.001). Plasma Bcl-2 levels were not different between SSD group (medium 4951 U/ml) and health controls (medium 5574 U/ml) (z = -1.71, P =0.09); and plasma Bcl-2 levels in SSD group were not associated with Hamilton score (r -0.10, P 0.34).Conclusion:The study suggested that the decreased BDNF plasma levels were related with the pathophysiology of SSD and it might reflect the severity of disorder.
749 – The Factors Associated with Occurrence of Suicidal Risk after Treatment of SSRI in Bipolar Disorder with their First Depressive Episode
Authors: Li Z. , Guan Y. , Fang Y. 
Published: July 2013

Objective:To explore the factors associated with occurrence of suicidal risk after treatment of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) in bipolar disorder with their first depressive episode.Methods:One hundred and seventy seven bipolar patients were enrolled in this retrospective study. Demographic and clinic features between non-occurrence of suicidal risk group and occurrence of suicidal risk group were compared. Stepwise Logistic regression model was used to identify the associated factors. Concordance statistics (i.e. the area under the ROC curve) was used to compute the discrimination of the associated factors, and Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit statistic was used to measure the goodness-of-fit.Results:One hundred and fifty four patients were included in non-occurrence of suicidal risk group, while twenty three were included in occurrence of suicidal risk group. Clinical features associated with occurrence of suicidal risk after treatment of SSRI in bipolar disorder were as follows: symptom of irritability (OR=4.04, 95 CI:1.40-11.67) and psychotic symptom (OR=6.23, 95 CI:1.40-27.56).Conclusion:This study demonstrated indicated that psychotic symptom and symptom of irritability were associated with occurrence of suicidal risk after treatment of SSRI in bipolar disorder, and it suggested that these two symptoms might be potential to be the predictors of occurrence of suicidal risk after treatment of SSRI in bipolar disorder.