bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure–property relationship of hetero‐aromatic‐electron‐donor antennas of polypyridyl Ru (II) complexes for high efficiency dye‐sensitized solar cells
Authors: El‐Shafei Ahmed , Hussain Maqbool , Islam Ashraful , Han Liyuan 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTThree novel heteroleptic amphiphilic polypyridyl Ru‐complexes, coded MH08–10, with hetero‐aromatic electron‐donor ancillary ligands containing N‐benzylcarbazole (MH08), dibenzofurane (MH09) and benzothiophene moieties (MH10) were synthesized to study the influence of different heterocyclic electron donors on the interrelationship of photophysical and electrochemical properties, and device performances for dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). MH08 showed a remarkably high molar extinction coefficient of 27,650 M−1cm−1. MH08–TBA was synthesized from MH08 by converted one COOH group into −COO−+N(C4H9)4 to investigate the effect of deprotonating one carboxylic group on the Fermi level and electron injection. When compared under the same experimental device conditions using 0.3M t‐butylpyridine (TBP), the short‐circuit photocurrent density (JSC) and total conversion efficiency (%η) of MH08–10 were MH08>MH09>MH10. The differences in %η and JSC of MH08–10 were ascribed to the conjugation length coupled with the electron donation and hole‐transport strength of the ancillary ligands, which were in the following order N‐benzylcarbazole>dibenzofurane>benzothiophene. Moreover, MH08–TBA showed JSC of 19.56 mAcm−2 and %η of 9.76% compared to 17.16 mAcm−2 and 9.12% of the benchmark dye N719. The superior performance of MH08–TBA was attributed to its better light harvesting and enhanced incident‐photon‐to‐current efficiency (IPCE) conversion. DFT/TD‐DFT calculations utilizing the energy functional B3LYP and the full‐electron basis set DGDZVP were performed to calculate HOMO and LUMO energies, vertical electronic excitations, lowest singlet‐singlet electronic transitions (E0‐0), and excited state oxidation potentials. Excellent agreement was found between the experimental results and calculated data. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ontogenic expression of the amino acid transporter b0,+AT in suckling Huanjiang piglets: effect of intra-uterine growth restriction
Authors: Wang Wence , Blachier Francois , Fu Dezhi , Pan Jie , Yang Huansheng , Guo Jieping , Chu Wuying , Kong Xiangfeng , Yin Yulong 
Published: January 2013

Intestinal amino acid (AA) transport is critical for the supply of AA to other tissues. Few studies regarding AA intestinal transport systems during the period from postnatal intense development of piglets until weaning are available. In the present study, we measured the intestinal expression of b0,+AT according to developmental stage using the suckling Huanjiang piglet model, and documented the effect of intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR) on such expression using real-time PCR and Western blot analysis. Suckling piglets that recovered after IUGR and those with normal body weights (NBW) were used after birth or at 7, 14 and 21 d of age. Blood samples were used for the measurement of plasma AA concentrations, and the jejunum was collected for the measurement of b0,+AT expression. In NBW piglets, b0,+AT expression was markedly decreased from days 0 to 21 (P< 0·01) and remained at a low level during all the suckling periods. In IUGR piglets, there was a marked decrease in b0,+AT expression at birth, which remained lower, when compared with NBW piglets, during the suckling period. These results coincided with decreased plasma arginine concentration at birth and decreased lysine concentration in 21-d-old piglets (P< 0·05). It is concluded that the high expression of b0,+AT at birth decreases during the suckling period, and that IUGR is associated with decreased expression of this apical AA transporter. The possible causal relationship between decreased b0,+AT expression and lower body weight of IUGR piglets in the suckling period is discussed.
Addressing the Gaps in Preparation for Quarantine
Authors: Nathawad Rita , Roblin Patricia M. , Pruitt Darrin , Arquilla Bonnie 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIntroductionIn the event of an outbreak of a communicable respiratory illness, quarantine may become necessary. The New York Institute for All Hazard Preparedness (NYIAHP) of the State University of New York (SUNY) Downstate Medical Center, in cooperation with the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene's Healthcare Emergency Preparedness Program, (NYC DOHMH-HEPP) quarantine working group, has developed a series of clinical protocols to help health care facilities respond to such an event.ProblemTwo full-scale exercises (FSEs) were designed and conducted a year apart in the quarantine unit at Kings County Hospital Center (KCHC) to test the efficacy and feasibility of these quarantine protocols. The goal of these exercises was to identify the gaps in preparedness for quarantine and increase hospital readiness for such an event.MethodsEvaluators monitored for efficient management of critical physical plants, personnel and material resources. Players were expected to integrate and practice emergency response plans and protocols specific to quarantine. In developing the exercise objectives, five activities were selected for evaluation: Activation of the Unit, Staffing, Charting/Admission, Symptom Monitoring and Infection Control, and Client Management.ResultsThe results of the initial FSE found that there were incomplete critical tasks within all five protocols: These deficiencies were detailed in an After Action Report and an Improvement Plan was presented to the KCHC Disaster Preparedness Committee a month after the initial FSE. In the second FSE a year later, all critical tasks for Activation of the unit, Staffing and Charting/Admission were achieved. Completion of critical tasks related to Symptom Monitoring and Infection Control and Client Management was improved in the second FSE, but some tasks were still not performed appropriately.ConclusionIn short, these exercises identified critical needs in disaster preparedness of the KCHC Quarantine Unit. The lessons learned from this logistical exercise enabled the planning group to have a better understanding of leadership needs, communication capabilities, and infection control procedures. Kings County Hospital Center performed well during these exercises. It was clear that performance in the second exercise was improved, and many problems noted in the first exercise were corrected. Staff also felt better prepared the second time. This supports the idea that frequent exercises are vital to maintain disaster readiness.NathawadR, RoblinPM, PruittD, ArquillaB. Addressing the gaps in preparation for quarantine. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2013;28(2):1-7.
The reliability of methodological ratings for speechBITE using the PEDro‐P scale
Authors: Murray Elizabeth , Power Emma , Togher Leanne , McCabe Patricia , Munro Natalie , Smith Katherine 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundspeechBITE (http://www.speechbite.com) is an online database established in order to help speech and language therapists gain faster access to relevant research that can used in clinical decision‐making. In addition to containing more than 3000 journal references, the database also provides methodological ratings on the PEDro‐P (an adapted version of the PEDro) scale to assist clinicians in identifying the scientific quality of randomized (RCTs) and non‐randomized control trials (NRCTs). While reliability of the PEDro scale has been established by similar allied health databases, the reliability of the PEDro‐P scale has yet to be reported.AimsTo examine the reliability of PEDro‐P scale ratings undertaken by raters on the speechBITE database and benchmark these results to the published reliability for the original PEDro scale. Both the total score (out of ten) as well as each of the 11 scale items were included in this analysis.Methods & ProceduresspeechBITE's volunteer rater network of 17 members rated the first 100 RCTs and NRCTs on the website. The criterion and overall scores for these ratings were compared with previously published reliability studies using the PEDro scale. Intra‐class correlations and per cent agreement measures were used to establish and benchmark reliability.Outcomes & ResultsThe speechBITE PEDro‐P ratings ranged from fair to excellent for both the total score and for each of the 11 scale items. Furthermore, reliability was equal to that of other databases.Conclusions & ImplicationsspeechBITE users can be confident of the reliability of ratings published on the website. Further analysis of differences between this study and previous PEDro scale reliability studies are discussed.
Characterization of the SPI‐1 and Rsp type three secretion systems in Pseudomonas fluorescens F113
Authors: Barret Matthieu , Egan Frank , Moynihan Jennifer , Morrissey John P. , Lesouhaitier Olivier , O'Gara Fergal 
Published: January 2013

SummaryPseudomonas fluorescens F113 is a plant growth‐promoting rhizobacterium (PGPR) isolated from the sugar beet rhizosphere. The recent annotation of the F113 genome sequence has revealed that this strain encodes a wide array of secretion systems, including two complete type three secretion systems (T3SSs) belonging to the Hrp1 and SPI‐1 families. While Hrp1 T3SSs are frequently encoded in other P. fluorescens strains, the presence of a SPI‐1 T3SS in a plant‐beneficial bacterial strain was unexpected. In this work, the genetic organization and expression of these two T3SS loci have been analysed by a combination of transcriptional reporter fusions and transcriptome analyses. Overexpression of two transcriptional activators has shown a number of genes encoding putative T3 effectors. In addition, the influence of these two T3SSs during the interaction of P. fluorescens F113 with some bacterial predators was also assessed. Our data revealed that the transcriptional activator hilA is induced by amoeba and that the SPI‐1 T3SS could potentially be involved in resistance to amoeboid grazing.
THE LISA PATHFINDER MISSION
Authors: McNAMARA PAUL W. 
Published: January 2013

Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) Pathfinder (formerly known as SMART-2) is a European Space Agency mission designed to pave the way for the joint ESA/NASA LISA mission by testing in flight the critical technologies required for space borne gravitational wave detection; it will put two test masses in a near-perfect gravitational free-fall and control and measure their motion with unprecedented accuracy. This is achieved through technology comprising inertial sensors, high precision laser metrology, drag-free control and an ultra precise micro-Newton propulsion system. LISA Pathfinder (LPF) essentially mimics one arm of space-borne gravitational wave detectors by shrinking the million kilometer scale armlengths down to a few tens of centimeters, giving up the sensitivity to gravitational waves, but keeping the measurement technology. The scientific objective of the LPF mission consists then of the first in-flight test of low frequency gravitational wave detection metrology.
Interaction of Multiple Hydraulic Fractures in Horizontal Wells
Authors: Wong Sau-Wai , Geilikman Mikhail , Xu Guanshui 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
The use of multi-fracced horizontal well technology in unconventional gas and liquid rich reservoirs is one of the key reasons for the recent success in the exploitation of Unconventional Resources. These multiple fractures are placed in many stages along the horizontal well using diverse completion technologies. Yet, the understanding of fracture growth mechanics and the optimum fracture placement design methodology are still preliminary. Recent advances in computational mechanics and the development of appropriate stimulation modeling technology will further nurture innovation and press forward much needed optimization of the Completion and Stimulation technology in multi-fracced horizontal wells.
This paper contains two key components. Firstly, an analytical model is used to highlight some of the salient features of multiple hydraulic fractures interaction. The advantage of an analytical model is that it provides immediate insights into the controlling parameters and steer further numerical analysis on stimulation optimization. Secondly, an idealized 2D numerical model is employed to illustrate fracture interference and interaction – not just between fractures that are pumped simultaneously, but also multi-stage fractures interaction and even potentially well-to-well interaction. Most of this interaction can be attributed to the fact that we are placing fractures in extremely tight formation (shales) and most fracture stimulation operations are conducted and completed within a time frame that is shorter than the time needed for frac fluid to completely leak-off and the resultant in-situ stress perturbation to dissipate. The understanding of subsurface fractures interaction will impact on surface simultaneous operation planning and execution in full scale development of unconventional gas and oil.
HSE Successes and Challenges in Geophysical Operations
Authors: Hunt Keith , Mahrooqi Said , Yahyai Awadh , Yarubi Saeed , Clow Forbes , Jassasi Mahmood 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Petroleum Development Oman (PDO) Geophysical Data Acquisition Department (the department) has, throughout the past 8 years conducted their operations without incurring a single lost time incident (LTI). Since August 2004, a total of 23.5mln man hours and 42mln km driven, have been accrued in conjunction with their seismic and consultancy contractors.
The departments core business is the acquisition of land seismic data, but other specific geophysical surveys are conducted from time to time, such as surface gravity and electro-magnetic surveys, or down hole VSPs or fracc monitoring surveys or even marine seismic surveys.
As of Q4 2012: at any one time there can be in excess of 500 field based personnel, supported by 100+ light and heavy vehicles operating 24/7 throughout varied terrain types in Oman. The guiding principle governing every task and operation undertaken is safety takes priority. The protection of project personnel, the environment, assets and company reputation is therefore critical to the success of the department, who strive to conduct their high productivity operations to the required quality standards, without incident.
The planning, operational and practical implications of managing such large scale operations, which contribute to and underpin the department's safety record, are discussed in detail throughout this paper. Although the department does celebrate its successful record and despite best made plans for mitigation, the threat of incident is ever present. Challenges inherent not only to the seismic sector, but the E&P industry as a whole, are described, along with five recognized "Themes", attributed as enablers for positive impact: Contract Strategy and Planning; Standards and Systems; Technology; Training, and HSE Culture.
There is of course always plenty of room for improvement; the department is open to suggestions and feedback. Several key areas are recognized and described, whereby applied effort could assist the department in their journey towards Goal Zero operations.
Generalized Specker lattice-ordered groups and two types of distributivity
Authors: Jakubík Ján , Lihová Judita 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Let A be a lattice-ordered group, B a generalized Boolean algebra. The Boolean extension A
B of A has been investigated in the literature; we will refer to A
B as a generalized Specker lattice-ordered group (namely, if A is the linearly ordered group of all integers, then A
B is a Specker lattice-ordered group). The paper establishes that some distributivity laws extend from A
B to both A and B, and (under certain circumstances) also conversely.
On estimate for the modulus of continuity of the Cauchy-type integral having a Lipschitz-continuous density
Authors: Drobek Jaroslav 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
The Cauchy-type integral having a Lipschitz-continuous density is under investigation. It is considered in a Jordan region that has a piecewise regular boundary without cusps and therefore it can be continuously extended over the closure of the region. Then the boundary values form a function, whose modulus of continuity is to be estimated. One parameter-dependent estimate is obtained and one algorithm for its evaluating is developed. The algorithm is demonstrated on some examples.
Dynamical behavior of endomorphisms on certain invariant sets
Authors: Putan Diana , Stan Diana 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
We study the Hausdorff dimension of the intersection between local stable manifolds and the respective basic sets of a class of hyperbolic polynomial endomorphisms on the complex projective space ℙ2. We consider the perturbation (z
2 +ɛz +bɛw
2, w
2) of (z
2, w
2) and we prove that, for b sufficiently small, it is injective on its basic set Λɛ close to Λ:= {0} × S
1. Moreover we give very precise upper and lower estimates for the Hausdorff dimension of the intersection between local stable manifolds and Λɛ, in the case of these maps.
Research Ethics
Authors: Resnik David B. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractResearch ethics is a type of applied (or professional) ethics that addresses the questions, dilemmas, and issues related to the ethical conduct of scientific research (seeProfessional Ethics; Dilemmas, Moral). Topics that fall within the domain of research ethics range from practical problems, such as assigning authorship, to more abstract questions, such as resolving conflicts between normative principles. Though ethical issues have always arisen in science, research ethics began to emerge as a distinct academic discipline in the mid‐1980s, when scientists, humanists, and policymakers came to terms with well‐publicized scandals in research, such as data fabrication and falsification in federally funded science, abuses of human and animal research subjects, and conflicts of interests in clinical trials. These and other events drew the attention of journalists, who published front‐page articles on scientific fraud and other problems with research; Congressional leaders, who held hearings on misconduct in science; and federal agencies, which issued new ethics regulations and training requirements (Shamoo and Resnik 2009). During the 1990s, governmental and scientific organizations released a number of influential reports on integrity in science, professional associations held conferences and workshops on research ethics, and scholars published textbooks and anthologies on research ethics (National Academy of Sciences 1992; Resnik 1998; Macrina 2005). New scholarly journals, such asScience and Engineering EthicsandAccountability in Research, were founded to address ethical, social, and legal issues in scientific research. By the beginning of the twenty‐first century, social scientists, psychologists, and other empirically oriented researchers had gathered considerable data concerning ethical behavior in research and developed explanatory models (seeExplanations, Moral).
Response‐Dependent Theories
Authors: Gert Joshua 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWe need not doubt the sincerity or linguistic competence of someone in order to think that some of her moral – or other normative or evaluative – views are in error. This seems to support the idea that some evaluative properties are objective. On the other hand, it is hard to understand how there could be evaluative properties “out there,” independent of human sensibilities. There have been many philosophical attempts to account for our thinking and talking about evaluative and moral matters in ways that seem characteristic of objective domains while retaining the link to human sensibility. Some of these attempts do not straightforwardly accept the existence of any objective evaluative properties (seeQuasi‐Realism). However, the strategy of response‐dependent theories takes its point of departure from a comparison between evaluative properties and secondary qualities such as colors. The color of an object is plausibly regarded as an objective matter of fact. However, this need not force us to think of color properties as completely mind‐independent. Rather, we can think of color properties as powers to produce certain visual experiences in a certain class of observers under certain conditions. And it can be an objective matter whether a given object does or does not have such a power.
Codes of Ethics
Authors: Davis Michael 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

The term “moral code” seems to be reserved for rules or other standards (written or not) applying to rational agents simply because they are (more or less) members of some “natural” (i.e., nonvoluntary) society. “Code of ethics,” when having a distinct meaning, applies instead to participants in a legitimate voluntary activity – such as a business, profession, or government. A code of ethics may appear under other names, including “principles of professional responsibility,” “rules of conduct,” and “ethical guidelines” (
see
Business Ethics; Professional Ethics). However denominated, a code of ethics will belong to one of three categories: (1)
professional
, a code applying to all, and only, members of a certain profession (e.g., Code of Ethics of the American Medical Association, which applies to all “physicians”); (2)
organizational
, codes applying only to members (or a certain class of members) of the association formally enacting it (e.g., the Code of Ethics of the American Institute of Architects, which applies only to “members,” or the Motorola Code of Ethics, applying only to employees of Motorola); or (3)
practical
(such as the Computer Ethics Institute's Ten Commandments of Computer Ethics), codes applying to anyone involved in a certain voluntary practice (using a computer).
Ecofeminism
Authors: Gaard Greta 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Ecofeminist ethics are rooted in feminist activisms against nuclear power, militarism, and species oppression, as well as institutionalized racism, sexism, classism, and heterosexism. Philosophically, ecofeminist ethics emerge from earlier work in feminist ethics – particularly the ethics of care – as well as feminist spiritualities, and feminist and ecofeminist philosophies (
see
Feminist Ethics; Care Ethics). Ecofeminism is variously seen as a branch of feminist theory, a subset of environmental ethics (
see
Environmental Ethics), and a manifestation of environmental politics. Ecofeminist ethics are manifested through movements for gender, species, and environmental justice, water and food democracy, and local economic self‐sufficiency.
Care Ethics
Authors: Friedman Marilyn 
Published: January 2013

AbstractCare ethics centers on the morality of caring in interpersonal relationships. It emerged prominently toward the end of the twentieth century as a challenge to the most dominant theories of normative ethics at the time. The foundation from which care ethics emerged was research in feminist ethics (seeFeminist Ethics) and gender issues have continued to be intertwined with work in care ethics. Care ethics also coincided fruitfully with certain other critical trends that were emerging simultaneously in the mainstream of normative ethics, for example an emphasis on the moral importance of personal relationships and character, and challenges to various formal features of the then‐dominant moral theories.
Native American Ethics
Authors: Vecsey Christopher 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIt has not been conventional in philosophical overviews of ethics to include Native American concepts. A century ago, the famousEncyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics(Hastings 1913–27) contained much about the religious ideas and practices of the “Amerinds” (I: 379), including tribes such as the Navajo (IX: 254–6), but little about American Indian ethics. Even in the recentEncyclopedia of Ethics(Becker and Becker 2001), American Indian ethical ideas are absent from discussion.