bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Local rigidity for hyperbolic groups with Sierpiński carpet boundaries
Authors: Merenkov Sergei 
Published: August 2014

AbstractLet$G$and$\tilde{G}$be Kleinian groups whose limit sets$S$and$\tilde{S}$, respectively, are homeomorphic to the standard Sierpiński carpet, and such that every complementary component of each of$S$and$\tilde{S}$is a round disc. We assume that the groups$G$and$\tilde{G}$act cocompactly on triples on their respective limit sets. The main theorem of the paper states that any quasiregular map (in a suitably defined sense) from an open connected subset of$S$to$\tilde{S}$is the restriction of a Möbius transformation that takes$S$onto$\tilde{S}$, in particular it has no branching. This theorem applies to the fundamental groups of compact hyperbolic 3-manifolds with non-empty totally geodesic boundaries. One consequence of the main theorem is the following result. Assume that$G$is a torsion-free hyperbolic group whose boundary at infinity$\partial _{\infty }G$is a Sierpiński carpet that embeds quasisymmetrically into the standard 2-sphere. Then there exists a group$H$that contains$G$as a finite index subgroup and such that any quasisymmetric map$f$between open connected subsets of$\partial _{\infty }G$is the restriction of the induced boundary map of an element$h\in H$.
Influenza Virus-Specific Neutralizing IgM Antibodies Persist for a Lifetime
Authors: Skountzou Ioanna , Satyabhama Lakshmipriyadarshini , Stavropoulou Anastasia , Ashraf Zuhha , Esser E. Stein , Vassilieva Elena , Koutsonanos Dimitrios , Compans Richard , Jacob Joshy 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTDetection of immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies has long been used as an important diagnostic tool for identifying active viral infections, but their relevance in later stages has not been clearly definedin vivo. In this study, we followed the kinetics, longevity, and function of influenza virus-specific IgM antibodies for 2 years following sublethal infection of mice with live mouse-adapted A/PR/8/34 virus or immunization with formalin-inactivated virus. These groups mounted robust protective immune responses and survived lethal challenges with 50× 50% lethal dose (LD50) mouse-adapted A/PR/8/34 virus 600 days after the primary exposure. Surprisingly, the virus-specific IgM antibodies persisted along with IgG antibodies, and we found a significantly higher number of IgM-positive (IgM+) virus-specific plasma cells than IgG+plasma cells that persisted for at least 9 months postexposure. The IgM antibodies were functional as they neutralized influenza virus in the presence of complement just as well as IgG antibodies did.
Evaluation of Performance of the Real-Q NTM-ID Kit for Rapid Identification of Eight Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Species
Authors: Huh Hee Jae , Park Kyung Sun , Jang Mi-Ae , Kim Ji-Youn , Kwon Hyeon Jeong , Ki Chang-Seok , Lee Nam Yong 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACT
We evaluated a multiplex real-time PCR and melting curve analysis assay (Real-Q NTM-ID kit; Biosewoom, Seoul, South Korea) for the identification of eight common nontuberculous mycobacterial species, using 30 type strains and 230 consecutive clinical isolates. The concordance rate of this assay with multigene sequence-based typing was 97.0% (223/230 isolates).
Human-Specific Bacterial Pore-Forming Toxins Induce Programmed Necrosis in Erythrocytes
Authors: LaRocca Timothy J. , Stivison Elizabeth A. , Hod Eldad A. , Spitalnik Steven L. , Cowan Peter J. , Randis Tara M. , Ratner Adam J. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACT

A subgroup of the cholesterol-dependent cytolysin (CDC) family of pore-forming toxins (PFTs) has an unusually narrow host range due to a requirement for binding to human CD59 (hCD59), a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-linked complement regulatory molecule. hCD59-specific CDCs are produced by several organisms that inhabit human mucosal surfaces and can act as pathogens, including
Gardnerella vaginalis
and
Streptococcus intermedius
. The consequences and potential selective advantages of such PFT host limitation have remained unknown. Here, we demonstrate that, in addition to species restriction, PFT ligation of hCD59 triggers a previously unrecognized pathway for programmed necrosis in primary erythrocytes (red blood cells [RBCs]) from humans and transgenic mice expressing hCD59. Because they lack nuclei and mitochondria, RBCs have typically been thought to possess limited capacity to undergo programmed cell death. RBC programmed necrosis shares key molecular factors with nucleated cell necroptosis, including dependence on Fas/FasL signaling and RIP1 phosphorylation, necrosome assembly, and restriction by caspase-8. Death due to programmed necrosis in RBCs is executed by acid sphingomyelinase-dependent ceramide formation, NADPH oxidase- and iron-dependent reactive oxygen species formation, and glycolytic formation of advanced glycation end products. Bacterial PFTs that are hCD59 independent do not induce RBC programmed necrosis. RBC programmed necrosis is biochemically distinct from eryptosis, the only other known programmed cell death pathway in mature RBCs. Importantly, RBC programmed necrosis enhances the growth of PFT-producing pathogens during exposure to primary RBCs, consistent with a role for such signaling in microbial growth and pathogenesis.

IMPORTANCE
In this work, we provide the first description of a new form of programmed cell death in erythrocytes (RBCs) that occurs as a consequence of cellular attack by human-specific bacterial toxins. By defining a new RBC death pathway that shares important components with necroptosis, a programmed necrosis module that occurs in nucleated cells, these findings expand our understanding of RBC biology and RBC-pathogen interactions. In addition, our work provides a link between cholesterol-dependent cytolysin (CDC) host restriction and promotion of bacterial growth in the presence of RBCs, which may provide a selective advantage to human-associated bacterial strains that elaborate such toxins and a potential explanation for the narrowing of host range observed in this toxin family.
Positivity of Fundamental Matrix and Exponential Stability of Delay Differential System
Authors: Domoshnitsky Alexander , Shklyar Roman , Gitman Mikhail , Stolbov Valery 
Published: August 2014

The classical Wazewski theorem established that nonpositivity of all nondiagonal elementspij  (i≠j, i,j=1,…,n)is necessary and sufficient for nonnegativity of the fundamental (Cauchy) matrix and consequently for applicability of the Chaplygin approach of approximate integration for system of linear ordinary differential equationsxi′t+∑j=1n‍pijtxjt=fit,   i=1,…,n.Results on nonnegativity of the Cauchy matrix for system of delay differential equationsxi′t+∑j=1n‍pijtxjhijt=fit,   i=1,…,n,which were based on nonpositivity of all diagonal elements, were presented in the previous works. Then examples, which demonstrated that nonpositivity of nondiagonal coefficientspijis not necessary for systems of delay equations, were found. In this paper first sufficient results about nonnegativity of the Cauchy matrix of the delay system without this assumption are proven. A necessary condition of nonnegativity of the Cauchy matrix is proposed. On the basis of these results on nonnegativity of the Cauchy matrix, necessary and sufficient conditions of the exponential stability of the delay system are obtained.
The Role of Hypoxia and Exploitation of the Hypoxic Environment in Hematologic Malignancies
Authors: Muz Barbara , de la Puente Pilar , Azab Feda , Luderer Micah , Azab Abdel Kareem 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Tumor hypoxia is a well-described phenomenon during the progression of solid tumors affecting cell signaling pathways and cell metabolism; however, its role in hematologic malignancies has not been given the same attention in the literature. Therefore, this review focuses on the comparative differences between solid and hematologic malignancies with emphasis on the role of hypoxia during tumorigenesis and progression. In addition, contribution of the bone marrow and angiogenic environment are also discussed. Insight is provided into the role of hypoxia in metastatic spread, stemness, and drug resistance in hematologic conditions. Finally, emerging therapeutic strategies such as small-molecule prodrugs and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) targeting approaches are outlined to combat hypoxic cells and/or adaptive mechanisms in the treatment of hematologic malignancies. Mol Cancer Res; 12(10); 1347–54. ©2014 AACR.
Targeting Apoptosis Pathways in Cancer and Perspectives with Natural Compounds from Mother Nature
Authors: Millimouno Faya M. , Dong Jia , Yang Liu , Li Jiang , Li Xiaomeng 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAlthough the incidences are increasing day after day, scientists and researchers taken individually or by research group are trying to fight against cancer by several ways and also by different approaches and techniques. Sesquiterpenes, flavonoids, alkaloids, diterpenoids, and polyphenolic represent a large and diverse group of naturally occurring compounds found in a variety of fruits, vegetables, and medicinal plants with various anticancer properties. In this review, our aim is to give our perspective on the current status of the natural compounds belonging to these groups and discuss their natural sources, their anticancer activity, their molecular targets, and their mechanism of actions with specific emphasis on apoptosis pathways, which may help the further design and conduct of preclinical and clinical trials. Unlike pharmaceutical drugs, the selected natural compounds induce apoptosis by targeting multiple cellular signaling pathways including transcription factors, growth factors, tumor cell survival factors, inflammatory cytokines, protein kinases, and angiogenesis that are frequently deregulated in cancers and suggest that their simultaneous targeting by these compounds could result in efficacious and selective killing of cancer cells. This review suggests that they provide a novel opportunity for treatment of cancer, but clinical trials are still required to further validate them in cancer chemotherapy. Cancer Prev Res; 7(11); 1081–107. ©2014 AACR.
Assessment of the Completeness and Accuracy of Case Ascertainment in the Michigan Stroke Registry
Authors: Reeves Mathew J. , Nickles Adrienne V. , Roberts Stacey , Hurst Rochelle , Lyon-Callo Sarah 
Published: August 2014

Background—
Accurate case ascertainment is essential for clinical registries to be valid and representative. We assessed case ascertainment in the Michigan Stroke Registry by linking to a statewide hospital discharge database (Michigan Inpatient Database [MIDB]).

Methods and Results—

In 2009, all ischemic stroke cases submitted by 30 registry hospitals were linked to ischemic stroke discharges (
International Classification of Diseases
,
Ninth Revision
code 433.x1, 434.x1, or 436) in the MIDB. Databases were linked using hospital, age, sex, and admission date. The MIDB was regarded as the gold standard. To assess completeness, we calculated the percent difference between the number of cases entered in the registry relative to the MIDB. To quantify accuracy, we defined sensitivity as the proportion of cases identified in the MIDB that were matched to the registry and positive predictive value as the proportion of cases identified in the registry that were matched to the MIDB. Before data linkage, 4 hospitals were known to be using a case sampling approach. The remaining 26 registry hospitals submitted 21% fewer cases (n=3403) than were found in the MIDB (n=4340). The overall sensitivity was 68.8% (95% confidence interval, 76.4%–79.3%), and positive predictive value was 87.7% (95% confidence interval, 87.4%–89.8%). The sensitivity of case ascertainment was significantly lower in teaching hospitals and primary stroke centers but was higher in the sites that used prospective case ascertainment methods.

Conclusions—
Among registry hospitals, these results revealed relatively high levels of completeness and accuracy. Matching registry data to hospital discharge data identified hospitals that changed their case ascertainment method to a case sampling approach. This study illustrates the value of monitoring case ascertainment in stroke registries using external data sources.
Venous Thromboembolism and Varicose Veins Share Familial Susceptibility: A Nationwide Family Study in Sweden
Authors: Zöller Bengt , Ji Jianguang , Sundquist Jan , Sundquist Kristina 
Published: August 2014

Background

Varicose veins (
VV
s) have been associated with venous thromboembolism (
VTE
), but whether these diseases share familial susceptibility has not been determined. This nationwide study aimed to determine whether
VTE
shares familial susceptibility with
VV
s.

Methods and Results

Swedish Multigeneration Register data for persons aged 0 to 76 years during the period 1964–2008 were linked to the Swedish Inpatient and Outpatient Registers. Familial risks (standardized incidence ratios [
SIR
s]) of
VTE
and
VV
s were examined in 2 ways (ie, bidirectionally): risk of
VTE
in subjects whose siblings had been diagnosed with
VV
s and risk of
VV
s in persons whose siblings had been diagnosed with
VTE
. The analyses were repeated for spouses to determine the importance of shared adult family environment. In total, 96 810 siblings had
VV
s and 87 564 had
VTE
. An increased risk of
VTE
was observed in persons whose siblings had
VV
s (
SIR
1.30, 95%
CI
1.26 to 1.33), whereas persons whose siblings had
VTE
had an increased risk of
VV
s (
SIR
1.30, 95%
CI
1.27 to 1.34). If 2 or more siblings were affected by
VTE
, the risk for
VV
s was 1.70 (95%
CI
1.53 to 1.88). Conversely, if 2 or more siblings were affected by
VV
s, the risk for
VTE
was 1.52 (95%
CI
1.38 to 1.67). In spouses of
VTE
patients, a minor increased risk of
VV
s was observed (
SIR
1.05 for husbands,
SIR
1.06 for wives). The risk of
VTE
in spouses of
VV
patients was similarly small (
SIR
1.01 for husbands,
SIR
1.05 for wives).

Conclusions

VV
s and
VTE
share familial susceptibility. This novel finding suggests the existence of shared familial and possibly genetic factors.
Impacts of 4DVAR Assimilation of Airborne Doppler Radar Observations on Numerical Simulations of the Genesis of Typhoon Nuri (2008)
Authors: Li Zhan , Pu Zhaoxia , Sun Juanzhen , Lee Wen-Chau 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe Weather Research and Forecasting Model and its four-dimensional variational data assimilation (4DVAR) system are employed to examine the impact of airborne Doppler radar observations on predicting the genesis of Typhoon Nuri (2008). Electra Doppler Radar (ELDORA) airborne radar data, collected during the Office of Naval Research–sponsored Tropical Cyclone Structure 2008 field experiment, are used for data assimilation experiments. Two assimilation methods are evaluated and compared, namely, the direct assimilation of radar-measured radial velocity and the assimilation of three-dimensional wind analysis derived from the radar radial velocity. Results show that direct assimilation of radar radial velocity leads to better intensity forecasts, as this process enhances the development of convective systems and improves the inner-core structure of Nuri, whereas assimilation of the radar-retrieved wind analysis is more beneficial for tracking forecasts, as it results in improved environmental flows. The assimilation of both the radar-retrieved wind and the radial velocity can lead to better forecasts in both intensity and tracking, if the radial velocity observations are assimilated first and the retrieved winds are then assimilated in the same data assimilation window. In addition, experiments with and without radar data assimilation led to developing and nondeveloping disturbances in numerical simulations of Nuri’s genesis. The improved initial conditions and forecasts from the data assimilation imply that the enhanced midlevel vortex and moisture conditions are favorable for the development of deep convection in the center of the pouch and eventually contribute to Nuri’s genesis. The improved simulations of the convection and associated environmental conditions produce enhanced upper-level warming in the core region and lead to the drop in sea level pressure.
Headache characteristics of uncomplicated intracranial vertebral artery dissection and validation of ICHD-3 beta diagnostic criteria for headache attributed to intracranial artery dissection
Authors: Kim Jae-Gyum , Choi Jeong-Yoon , Kim Sung Un , Jung Jin-Man , Kwon Do-Young , Park Moon Ho , Oh Kyungmi 
Published: August 2014

Background and purpose Headache may be a warning sign of subsequent stroke in patients with vertebral artery dissection (VAD). Even though the headache characteristics of VAD have been described predominantly in patients with extracranial VAD and neurological complications, headache semiology is not well known in patients with uncomplicated intracranial vertebral artery dissection (ICVAD). In the present study, we attempt to identify the headache semiology that characterizes ICVAD and validate the revised version of the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-3 beta) criteria for headache attributed to intracranial artery dissection. Methods Six patients with neurologically uncomplicated ICVAD presented at a participating medical center, and eight similar patients were reviewed in the literature. Combining these data, we analyzed headache characteristics of patients with uncomplicated ICVAD according to their pain onset and duration, nature, intensity, location, aggravating and relieving factors, associated symptoms, response to medication, and prognosis. Results Headache in uncomplicated ICVAD usually has an acute mode of onset (11/14) and persistent (10/14) temporal feature. Pain that has a throbbing quality (nine of 14) and severe intensity (13/14) on the ipsilesional (10/14) and occipitonuchal area (12/14) is a headache prototype in ICVAD. Additionally, headache was intensified by head flexion and rotation (three of six), and relieved by head extension and supine positioning (five of six). Headache of all patients in the present study fulfilled the ICHD-3 beta criteria. Conclusion Headache semiology of uncomplicated ICVAD is mostly homogenous in the present study. These characteristics may be helpful in the diagnosis of uncomplicated ICVAD.
Adherence to oral migraine-preventive medications among patients with chronic migraine
Authors: Hepp Zsolt , Dodick David W , Varon Sepideh F , Gillard Patrick , Hansen Ryan N , Devine Emily B 
Published: August 2014

Background Chronic migraine (CM) is a disabling disorder characterized by ≥15 headache days per month that has been shown to significantly reduce quality of life. Migraine-prevention guidelines recommend preventive medications as the standard of care for patients with frequent migraine. The aim of this study was to assess adherence to 14 commonly prescribed oral migraine-preventive medications (OMPMs) among patients with CM. Methods Retrospective claims analysis of a US claim database (Truven MarketScan® Databases) was queried to identify patients who were at least 18 years old, diagnosed with CM, and initiated an OMPM (antidepressants, beta blockers, or anticonvulsants) between January 1, 2008 and September 30, 2012. Medication possession ratios (MPR) and proportion of days covered (PDC) were calculated for each patient. A cutoff of ≥80% was used to classify adherence. The odds of adherence between OMPMs were compared using logistic regression models. Results Of the 75,870 patients identified with CM, 8688 met the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Adherence ranged between 26% to 29% at six months and 17% to 20% at 12 months depending on the calculation used to classify adherence (PDC and MPR, respectively). Adherence among the 14 OMPMs was similar except for amitriptyline, nortriptyline, gabapentin, and divalproex, which had significantly lower odds of adherence when compared to topiramate. Conclusion Adherence to OMPMs is low among the US CM population at six months and worsens by 12 months.
Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome: Is it more than just cerebral vasoconstriction?
Authors: John Seby , Hajj-Ali Rula A , Min David , Calabrese Leonard H , Cerejo Russell , Uchino Ken 
Published: August 2014

Background Systemic vascular alterations have not been described in reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS). We present a case series of RCVS patients having cardiac dysfunction during ictus, with a subset showing complete resolution of cardiomyopathy. Methods Retrospective case-series: Cardiac left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and wall motion abnormalities (WMA) visualized on transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), performed during RCVS ictus and follow-up was analyzed. Results Of 68 patients, 18 (26%) had a TTE performed around ictus. Three of 18 (17%) patients demonstrated WMA on initial TTE. All three patients were female without previous coronary artery disease or heart failure, and were asymptomatic from the cardiac dysfunction. WMA resolved completely on follow-up in Patients 1 and 2. Global LV dysfunction persisted for at least 90 days in Patient 3. Conclusion Although the exact pathophysiology of the cardiomyopathy is uncertain, it may be related to localized coronary vasoconstriction causing myocardial ischemia/infarction. Vasoconstriction may not be limited to the cerebral vasculature and may involve extracerebral organs. Cardiac ventricular abnormalities may be a part of the RCVS spectrum.
Therapeutic use of dolls for people living with dementia: A critical review of the literature
Authors: Mitchell Gary , McCormack Brendan , McCance Tanya 
Published: August 2014

Background There are a number of therapies currently available to assist healthcare professionals and carers with non-pharmacological treatment for people living with dementia. One such therapy that has been growing in clinical practice is doll therapy. Providing dolls to some people living with dementia has the potential to enhance personal well-being through increased levels of communication and engagement with others. Despite its potential for benefits, the practice is currently under-developed in healthcare literature, probably due to varied ethical interpretations of its practice. Aim To undertake a critical review of the published literature on doll therapy, using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Checklist (CASP) tool, in order to determine the potential benefits and challenges of this therapy for people living with dementia. Design A comprehensive literature search, incorporating the CINAHL, Medline, Embase, PubMed, Joanna Briggs, Cochrane Library and PsycINFO data bases, was conducted. Conclusions Despite many commentaries and anecdotal accounts of the practice, this review identified only 11 empirical studies that were eligible. The majority of studies found that the use of dolls could be therapeutic for some people living with dementia by reporting increased levels of engagement, communication and reduction in episodes of distress. Some studies identified limitations to the therapy including; confusion over the ownership of the doll and healthcare professional uncertainty about issues pertaining to autonomy. Relevance to clinical practice According to this review, doll therapy has the potential to increase the well-being of some people living with dementia. This review illuminates that some healthcare professionals feel uncomfortable about its use in clinical practice. The operationalisation of doll therapy in clinical practice has been shown to be inconsistent with different approaches to the practice being advocated. This highlights the need for further empirical research to identify best practice and education to increase awareness in both healthcare professional and carer populations.