bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dissociation of Endotoxin Tolerance and Differentiation of Alternatively Activated Macrophages
Authors: Rajaiah Rajesh , Perkins Darren J. , Polumuri Swamy Kumar , Zhao Aiping , Keegan Achsah D. , Vogel Stefanie N. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Endotoxin tolerance is a complex phenomenon characterized primarily by decreased production of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and other inflammatory mediators, whereas the expression of other genes are induced or unchanged. Endotoxin tolerance is induced by prior exposure of murine macrophages/human monocytes, experimental animals, or people to TLR ligands. Although recent studies reported a possible relationship between endotoxin tolerance and differentiation of alternatively activated macrophages (AA-MΦs or M2), we show in this study that LPS pretreatment of IL-4Rα−/− and STAT6−/− macrophages, which fail to develop into AA-MΦs, resulted in tolerance of proinflammatory cytokines, as well as molecules and chemokines previously associated with AA-MΦs (e.g., arginase-1, mannose receptor, CCL2, CCL17, and CCL22). In contrast to LPS, wild-type (WT) MΦs pretreated with IL-4, the prototype inducer of AA-MΦs, did not induce endotoxin tolerance with respect to proinflammatory cytokines, AA-MΦ–associated chemokines, negative regulators, NF-κB binding and subunit composition, and MAPKs; conversely, IL-13−/− macrophages were tolerized equivalently to WT MΦs by LPS pretreatment. Further, IL-4Rα deficiency did not affect the reversal of endotoxin tolerance exerted by the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A. Like WT mice, 100% of LPS-tolerized IL-4Rα–deficient mice survived LPS + d-galactosamine–induced lethal toxicity and exhibited decreased serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines and AA-MΦ–associated chemokines induced by LPS challenge compared with nontolerized mice. These data indicate that the signaling pathways leading to endotoxin tolerance and differentiation of AA-MΦs are dissociable.
Impaired Neutrophil Function in 24p3 Null Mice Contributes to Enhanced Susceptibility to Bacterial Infections
Authors: Liu Zhuoming , Petersen Robert , Devireddy Laxminarayana 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Lipocalin 24p3 (24p3) is a neutrophil secondary granule protein. 24p3 is also a siderocalin, which binds several bacterial siderophores. It was therefore proposed that synthesis and secretion of 24p3 by stimulated macrophages or release of 24p3 upon neutrophil degranulation sequesters iron-laden siderophores to attenuate bacterial growth. Accordingly, 24p3-deficient mice are susceptible to bacterial pathogens for which siderophores would normally be chelated by 24p3. Specific granule deficiency (SGD) is a rare congenital disorder characterized by complete absence of proteins in secondary granules. Neutrophils from SGD patients, who are prone to bacterial infections, lack normal functions, but the potential role of 24p3 in neutrophil dysfunction in SGD is not known. In this study, we show that neutrophils from mice genetically deficient for lipocalin 24p3 (24p3−/−) are defective in many neutrophil functions. Specifically, neutrophils in 24p3−/− mice do not extravasate to sites of infection and are defective for chemotaxis. A transcriptome analysis revealed that genes that control cytoskeletal reorganization are selectively suppressed in 24p3−/− neutrophils. Additionally, small regulatory RNAs (microRNAs) that control upstream regulators of cytoskeletal proteins are also increased in 24p3−/− neutrophils. Further, 24p3−/− neutrophils failed to phagocytose bacteria, which may account for the enhanced sensitivity of 24p3−/− mice to both intracellular (Listeria monocytogenes) and extracellular (Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus) pathogens. Listeria does not secrete siderophores, and additionally, the siderophore secreted by Candida is not sequestered by 24p3. Therefore, the heightened sensitivity of 24p3−/− mice to these pathogens is not due to sequestration of siderophores limiting iron availability, but is a consequence of impaired neutrophil function.
Differential Binding of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex-E2 Epitopes by DRB1*08:01 and DRB1*11:01 Is Predicted by Their Structural Motifs and Correlates with Disease Risk
Authors: Chow I-Ting , James Eddie A. , Gates Theresa J. , Tan Venus , Moustakas Antonis K. , Papadopoulos George K. , Kwok William W. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
DRB1*08:01 (DR0801) and DRB1*11:01 (DR1101) are highly homologous alleles that have opposing effects on susceptibility to primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). DR0801 confers risk and shares a key feature with other HLA class II alleles that predispose to autoimmunity: a nonaspartic acid at beta57. DR1101 is associated with protection from PBC, and its sequence includes an aspartic acid at beta57. To elucidate a mechanism for the opposing effects of these HLA alleles on PBC susceptibility, we compared the features of epitopes presented by DR0801 and DR1101. First, we identified DR0801- and DR1101-restricted epitopes within multiple viral Ags, observing both shared and distinct epitopes. Because DR0801 is not well characterized, we deduced its motif by measuring binding affinities for a library of peptides, confirming its key features through structural modeling. DR0801 was distinct from DR1101 in its ability to accommodate charged residues within all but one of its binding pockets. In particular, DR0801 strongly preferred acidic residues in pocket 9. These findings were used to identify potentially antigenic sequences within PDC-E2 (an important hepatic autoantigen) that contain a DR0801 motif. Four peptides bound to DR0801 with reasonable affinity, but only one of these bound to DR1101. Three peptides, PDC-E2145–159, PDC-E2249–263, and PDC-E2629–643, elicited high-affinity T cell responses in DR0801 subjects, implicating these as likely autoreactive specificities. Therefore, the unique molecular features of DR0801 may lead to the selection of a distinct T cell repertoire that contributes to breakdown of self-tolerance in primary biliary cirrhosis, whereas those of DR1101 promote tolerance.
Cutting Edge: A Novel, Human-Specific Interacting Protein Couples FOXP3 to a Chromatin-Remodeling Complex That Contains KAP1/TRIM28
Authors: Huang Chunjian , Martin Sunil , Pfleger Christian , Du Jianguang , Buckner Jane H. , Bluestone Jeffrey A. , Riley James L. , Ziegler Steven F. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a pivotal role in the maintenance of immunological self-tolerance. Deficiency or dysfunction of Tregs leads to severe autoimmune diseases. Although the forkhead/winged-helix family member FOXP3 is critical for Treg differentiation and function, the molecular basis for FOXP3 function remains unclear. In this study, we identified and characterized a human-specific FOXP3-interacting protein, referred to as FIK (FOXP3-interacting KRAB domain–containing protein). FIK is highly expressed in Tregs and acts as a bridging molecule to link FOXP3 with the chromatin-remodeling scaffold protein KAP1 (TIF-1β/TRIM28). Disruption of the FOXP3–FIK–KAP1 complex in Tregs restored expression of FOXP3-target genes and abrogated the suppressor activity of the Tregs. These data demonstrate a critical role for FIK in regulating FOXP3 activity and Treg function.
Noradrenergic Neurons Regulate Monocyte Trafficking and Mortality during Gram-Negative Peritonitis in Mice
Authors: Seeley Eric J. , Barry Sophia S. , Narala Saisindhu , Matthay Michael A. , Wolters Paul J. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Effective host defense requires a robust, yet self-limited response to pathogens. A poorly calibrated response can lead to either bacterial dissemination due to insufficient inflammation or organ injury due to excessive inflammation. Recent evidence suggests that the cholinergic anti-inflammatory reflex helps calibrate the immune response. However, the influence of peripheral noradrenergic neurons, which are primarily sympathetic neurons, in regulating immunity remains incompletely characterized. Using a model of 6-hydroxydopamine–mediated noradrenergic nerve ablation, we show that elimination of noradrenergic neurons improves survival during Klebsiella pneumoniae peritonitis (67 versus 23%, p &lt; 0.005) in mice. The survival benefit results from enhanced MCP-1–dependent monocyte recruitment and a subsequent decrease in bacterial loads. Splenectomy eliminated both the survival benefit of 6-hydroxydopamine and monocyte recruitment, suggesting that monocytes recruited to the peritoneum originate in the spleen. These results suggest that noradrenergic neurons regulate the immune response through two pathways. First, sympathetic nerve-derived norepinephrine directly restrains MCP-1 production by peritoneal macrophages during infection. Second, norepinephrine derived from the vagally innervated splenic nerve regulates splenic monocyte egress. Removal of these two modulators of the immune response enhances antibacterial immunity and improves survival. These results may have implications for how states of catecholamine excess influence the host response to bacterial infections.
Cutting Edge: Defective Follicular Exclusion of Apoptotic Antigens Due to Marginal Zone Macrophage Defects in Autoimmune BXD2 Mice
Authors: Li Hao , Wu Qi , Li Jun , Yang PingAr , Zhu Zilu , Luo Bao , Hsu Hui-Chen , Mountz John D. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Marginal zone macrophages (MZMs) act as a barrier to entry of circulating apoptotic debris into the follicles of secondary lymphoid organs. In autoimmune BXD2 mice, there is a progressive reduction in the function and numbers of MZMs. Absence of MZMs results in retention of apoptotic cell (AC) debris within the marginal zone (MZ) and increased loading of AC Ags on MZ B cells and MZ-precursor (MZ-P) B cells. The MZ-P B cells are capable of translocating the AC Ags to the follicular zone and stimulating T cells. Both MZMs and MZ-P B cells from BXD2 mice express low levels of tolerogenic signals and high levels of inflammatory signals. Thus, the current study suggests a multifaceted mechanism in which MZMs maintain tolerance to apoptotic autoantigens and suppress their translocation to follicles. Lack of clearance of apoptotic debris by MZMs drives follicular Ag–transportation by MZ-P B cells to stimulate an autoimmune response.
Cutting Edge: Memory Regulatory T Cells Require IL-7 and Not IL-2 for Their Maintenance in Peripheral Tissues
Authors: Gratz Iris K. , Truong Hong-An , Yang Sara Hsin-Yi , Maurano Megan M. , Lee Karim , Abbas Abul K. , Rosenblum Michael D. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Thymic Foxp3-expressing regulatory T cells are activated by peripheral self-antigen to increase their suppressive function, and a fraction of these cells survive as memory regulatory T cells (mTregs). mTregs persist in nonlymphoid tissue after cessation of Ag expression and have enhanced capacity to suppress tissue-specific autoimmunity. In this study, we show that murine mTregs express specific effector memory T cell markers and localize preferentially to hair follicles in skin. Memory Tregs express high levels of both IL-2Rα and IL-7Rα. Using a genetic-deletion approach, we show that IL-2 is required to generate mTregs from naive CD4+ T cell precursors in vivo. However, IL-2 is not required to maintain these cells in the skin and skin-draining lymph nodes. Conversely, IL-7 is essential for maintaining mTregs in skin in the steady state. These results elucidate the fundamental biology of mTregs and show that IL-7 plays an important role in their survival in skin.
Effect of Thin Prep®imaging system on laboratory rate and relative sensitivity of atypical squamous cells, high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion not excluded and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion interpretations
Authors: Koltz Brooke R. , Russell Donna K. , Lu Naiji , Bonfiglio Thomas A. , Varghese Sharlin 
Published: March 2013

Introduction:Automated screening of Thin Prep®Papanicolaou Tests has become increasingly common in clinical practice. Increased productivity has initiated laboratory use of the Thin Prep®Imaging System (TIS). Increased sensitivity is a potential additional benefit of TIS. Published studies have shown an increase in discovery of dysplastic cells. This study evaluates the effect of TIS on the incidence of atypical squamous cells high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion not excluded (ASC-H) and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HGSIL) results on Thin Prep®Pap Tests by comparing TIS-assisted and manual screening findings and the diagnoses on subsequent follow-up in a screening population over a 1-year time period.Materials and Methods:A compilation of all ASC-H and HGSIL cases was prepared by conducting a computerized search over a 1-year period (7/06-6/07). The accumulated cases include Thin Prep Pap tests that were both TIS and manually screened. Follow-up results of cytologic and histologic cervical specimens were obtained for a time period extending to 2010. Interpretation utilizing TIS was in place 10 months prior to the study's initiation.Results:During the study period 70,522 Pap tests were performed in our laboratory. One third (33%) of Pap tests were screened with assistance of TIS. Manual screening was performed on 47,380 Pap tests of which 153 (0.32%) were interpreted as ASC-H and 164 (0.35%) were interpreted as HGSIL. During the same time period automated screening (TIS) was performed on 23,111 Pap tests. Interpretation of 62 (0.27%) cases provided an ASC-H result, while 71 (0.31%) were HGSIL. Follow-up cervical dysplasia by colposcopic biopsy and cone biopsy was distributed proportionally between TIS and manual screening for both ASC-H and HGSIL categories. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN II/III) was identified on follow-up biopsy of 41% TIS cases and 45% manually screened cases for ASC-H. In the HGSIL subset 71% of TIS cases and 69% manually screened cases showed CIN II/III on follow-up. TIS was 26% less sensitive relative to manual screening for ASC-H cases and 3% less sensitive for HGSIL.Conclusion:The similar rate of detection using TIS with an equal percentage of histologic correlation for ASC-H and HGSIL lesions on follow-up histology suggests patients screened by the TIS method are being sent for appropriate follow-up surveillance and treatment. A high-grade or possible high-grade lesion is as likely to be detected by TIS as by a manual screen. The similarities in relative sensitivity and specificity in a direct comparison between manual and TIS screening methodologies indicate that TIS compared to manual screening does not affect detection in patients with high-grade cervical lesions.
p53 as a Neoplastic Biomarker in Patients with Erosive and Plaque Like Forms of Oral Lichen Planus
Authors: Mirzaii-Dizgah Iraj , Agha-Hosseini Farzaneh 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACT

Aim
Unstimulated whole salivary p53 was assessed in patients suffering from erosive and plaque-like form of oral lichen planus (OLP).

Materials and methods
Eighteen patients with erosive form, 17 patients suffering from plaque-like form and 38 noninvolvement subjects were enrolled. The unstimulated whole saliva p53 level was assayed by ELISA.

Results
The mean concentration of salivary p53 was significantly higher in patients with plaque-like form compared to both patients with erosive form and the control group.

Conclusion
We conclude that plaque like form of OLP is important in view of the potential for malignancy and is not safety form.

Clinical significance
It seems that all forms of OLP must be considered accurately, should be followed up with biannual examinations, and if possible, assessment of salivary p53 every year.

How to cite this article
Agha-Hosseini F, Mirzaii-Dizgah I. p53 as a Neoplastic Biomarker in Patients with Erosive and Plaque Like Forms of Oral Lichen Planus. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(1):1-3.
Comparative Analysis between Three Methods of Bone Estimating Age in Individuals with Down Syndrome by Mode of the Hand and Wrist Ray
Authors: Tonetto Mateus Rodrigues , de Araújo dos Santos Luis Roque , de Melo Castilho Júlio Cezar , Pinto Shelon Cristina Souza , Borges Alvaro Henrique , Lima Darlon Martins , Bandéca Matheus Coelho , da Silva Marcos André dos Santos 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACT
The wrist and hand region has been the most commonly used for estimating age and osseous development due to the great number of ossification centers. The aim was to determine which method, Tanner & Whitehouse's (TW3), Greulich & Pyle's (GP) or Eklof & Ringertz's, more closely relates to the chronological age in subjects with Down syndrome with chronological ages between 61 and 180 months, using wrist and hand radiographs. The sample consisted of 85 radiographs, 52 of males and 33 of females. Eklof & Ringertz's method was computerized (Radiomemory). Greulich & Pyle's atlas was used and compared with the wrist and hand radiographs. For the TW3 method, 13 ossification centers were evaluated; for each one of them, there are seven or eight development stages to which scores are assigned; these scores are then added and the results are transformed into osseous age values. No statistically significant differences were observed between the male and female genders for methods TW3 and GP, contrasting with the observed differences for the Eklof & Ringertz method. Correlation (r2) between osseous and chronological ages was 0.8262 for TW3 and 0.7965 for GP, while for the method of Eklof & Ringertz, it was 0.7656 for females and 0.8353 for males. The author concluded that the osseous age assessment method that better related to the chronological age was the TW3, followed by Greulich & Pyle's and Eklof & Ringertz's.

How to cite this article
de Araújo dos Santos LR, de Melo Castilho JC, Pinto SCS, Borges AH, Tonetto MR, Lima DM, Bandéca MC, dos Santos da Silva MA. Comparative Analysis between Three Methods of Bone Estimating Age in Individuals with Down Syndrome by Mode of the Hand and Wrist Ray. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(1):4-8.
Influence of CVD Diamond Tips and Er:YAG Laser Irradiation on Bonding of Different Adhesive Systems to Dentin
Authors: Barcellos Daphne Câmara , Borges Alessandra Buhler , Pucci Cesar Rogério , Torres Carlos Rocha Gomes , da Silva Melissa Aline , Batista Graziela Ribeiro , Nicolo Rebeca Di 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTAimThe aim of this study was to compare the microtensile bond strength of three adhesive systems, using different methods of dentin preparation.Materials and methodsA hundred and eight bovine teeth were used. The dentin from buccal face was exposed and prepared with three different methods, divided in 3 groups: Group 1 (DT)- diamond tip on a high-speed handpiece; Group 2 (CVD)-CVD tip on a ultrasonic handpiece; Group 3 (LA)-Er: YAG laser. The teeth were divided into 3 subgroups, according adhesive systems used: Subgroup 1-Adper Single Bond Plus/3M ESPE (SB) total-etch adhesive; Subgroup 2-Adper Scotchbond SE/3M ESPE (AS) selfetching adhesive; Subgroup 3-Clearfil SE Bond/Kuraray (CS) selfetching adhesive. Blocks of composite (Filtek Z250–3M ESPE) 4 mm high were built up and specimens were stored in deionized water for 24 hours at 37°C. Serial mesiodistal and buccolingual cuts were made and stick-like specimens were obtained, with transversal section of 1.0 mm2. The samples were submitted to microtensile test at 1 mm/min and load of 10 kg in a universal testing machine. Data (MPa) were subjected to ANOVA and Tukey's tests (p < 0.05).Results and conclusionSurface treatment with Diamond or CVD tips associated with Clearfil SE Bond adhesive produced significantly lower bond strength values compared to other groups. Surface treatment with Er: YAG laser associated with Single Bond Plus or Clearfil SE Bond adhesives and surface treatment with CVD tip associated with Adper Scotchbond SE adhesive produced significantly lower bond strength values compared to surface treatment with diamond or CVD tips associated with Single Bond Plus or Adper Scotchbond SE adhesives.Clinical significanceInteractions between laser and the CVD tip technologies and the different adhesive systems can produce a satisfactory bonding strength result, so that these associations may be beneficial and enhance the clinical outcomes.How to cite this articleSilva MA, Di Nicolo R, Barcellos DC, Batista GR, Pucci CR, Torres CRG, Borges AB. Influence of CVD Diamond Tips and Er:YAG Laser Irradiation on Bonding of Different Adhesive Systems to Dentin. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(1):14-20.
Comparison of Shear Bond Strength of Resin Reinforced Chemical Cure Glass Ionomer, Conventional Chemical Cure Glass Ionomer and Chemical Cure Composite Resin in Direct Bonding Systems: An in vitro Study
Authors: Reddy T Praveen Kumar , Rao Kolasani Srinivasa , Yugandhar Garlapati , Kumar B Sunil , Reddy SN Chandrasekhar , Babu Devatha Ashok 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACT
The acid pretreatment and use of composite resins as the bonding medium has disadvantages like scratching and loss of surface enamel, decalcification, etc. To overcome disadvantages of composite resins, glass ionomers and its modifications are being used for bonding. The study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of resin reinforced glass ionomer as a direct bonding system with conventional glass ionomer cement and composite resin. The study showed that shear bond strength of composite resin has the higher value than both resin reinforced glass ionomer and conventional glass ionomer cement in both 1 and 24 hours duration and it increased from 1 to 24 hours in all groups. The shear bond strength of resin reinforced glass ionomer cement was higher than the conventional glass ionomer cement in both 1 and 24 hours duration. Conditioning with polyacrylic acid improved the bond strength of resin reinforced glass ionomer cement significantly but not statistically significant in the case of conventional glass ionomer cement.

How to cite this article
Rao KS, Reddy TPK, Yugandhar G, Kumar BS, Reddy SNC, Babu DA. Comparison of Shear Bond Strength of Resin Reinforced Chemical Cure Glass Ionomer, Conventional Chemical Cure Glass Ionomer and Chemical Cure Composite Resin in Direct Bonding Systems: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(1):21-25.