bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vortex lattice state transitions in water surface waves
Authors: Abella Alfred P 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Surface waves can generate an ordered vortex lattice of fluid particles on the air-water interface. Here, the transitions of the lattice structure are observed through experiments and modelled analytically. A fully-immersed square waveguide system is positioned at the center of a larger bath which directs particles into counter-rotating vortices. Flow interactions with the bath free-surface alter the ordered structure, and a state transition is initiated by the increase of the waveguide immersion depth. It manifests as a change in the orbital momentum and spin properties of the vortices, and develops through the combination of reflected-wave attenuation and mean flow effects from the classical Stokes drift and Eulerian currents. Transitions from a perfect antiferromagnetic state to weakly-ordered ones are achieved, including a monopole vortex reminiscent of spectral condensates in thin fluid layers. Order in the disordered flow is uncovered through velocity field corrections after invoking time-scale separation. The lattice structures are modelled analytically through a superposition of mean flow contributions from the waveguide and bath modes. The results open a new platform for investigating the dynamics of wave and vortex lattice interactions, and devising new techniques to characterize complex flow phenomena on the air-water interface.
Traversing a kinetic pole during inflation: primordial black holes and gravitational waves
Authors: Ghoshal Anish , Strumia Alessandro 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We consider an inflationary kinetic function with an integrable pole
that is traversed during inflation.
This scenario leads to enhanced spectra of primordial scalar inhomogeneities with detectable signals:
formation of primordial black holes
(that could explain Dark Matter) and
scalar-induced gravitational waves (that could
reproduce the recent Pulsar Timing Array observation, or predict signals in future detectors such as LISA or ET).
Spectral signatures depend on whether the inflaton mass dimension
at the pole is above or below 2.
Values mildly below 2 allow a big power spectrum enhancement with a mild tuning.
Finally, we discuss the possibility that a kinetic pole can arise as anomalous
dimension of the inflaton due to quantum effects of Planckian particles that become
light at some specific inflaton field value.
A comprehensive calculation of the Primakoff process and
the solar axion flux
Authors: Wu Quan-feng , Xu Xun-Jie 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The Primakoff process plays a crucial role in axion production
in astrophysical environments and laboratories. Given the rising interest
in axion physics and many on-going experimental activities, we conduct
a comprehensive calculation of this process and carefully examine
several aspects that have been neglected in the literature. In particular,
our calculation is valid for axions with significantly large masses,
which would be of importance to axion searches utilizing crystal and
liquid xenon detectors. We present the most updated calculation of
the Primakoff solar axion flux, with a simple parametrization that
is applicable to a broad range of axion masses up to a few tens of
keV. Our code is publicly available at GitHub.
Families of Schmidt-number witnesses for high dimensional quantum states
Authors: Shi Xian 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Higher dimensional entangled states demonstrate significant advantages in quantum information processing tasks. The Schmidt number is a quantity of the entanglement dimension of a bipartite state. Here we build families of k-positive maps from the symmetric information complete positive operator-valued measurements and mutually unbiased bases, and we also present the Schmidt number witnesses, correspondingly. At last, based on the witnesses obtained from mutually unbiased bases, we show the distance between a bipartite state and the set of states with a Schmidt number less than k.
Correcting for non-uniform detector response in bidirectional reflectance distribution function measurements
Authors: Molloy E , Koo A 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Systems for measuring the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) are intended to be able to measure a variety of sample scattering distributions—from close-to-specular to diffuse, from polarised to unpolarised. Measuring the BRDF involves taking the ratio of measurements of both the amount of light incident on the sample and the amount of light that is reflected by the sample. Detectors used in these systems have a finite sized aperture, and so the different sample scattering distributions will have different distributions of light falling on the detector, and this distribution will also be different from the distribution of light during the incident beam measurement. An ideal detector with a perfectly uniform response is unlikely in reality. For BRDF measurements, it is generally assumed that the response of the detector is the same for both the incident and scattered beams, so even for imperfect detectors, the response of the detector will drop out when the ratio is taken. However, if for some reason the response of the detector differs between the two ratioed quantities, then it will induce an error in the measured ratio. A difference in the response of the detector in the MSL goniospectrophotometer between the collimated and polarised incident beam and the diffuse and unpolarised scattered beam has been identified. Having identified this issue, two different approaches have been taken to avoid the error in our measurements. Firstly, a correction factor was calculated from a detailed model of the detector, using ray tracing. Secondly, a new detector with an integrating sphere in the position of the photodiode was designed to avoid the differing response. To validate these approaches, we compared measurements made using the new sphere detector with corrected measurements made using the original detector, and demonstrate that these agree within the limits of uncertainty.
Turbulence-reduced high-performance scenarios in Wendelstein 7-X
Authors: Ford O.P. , Beurskens M. , Bozhenkov S.A. , Lazerson S. , Vanó L. , Alonso A. , Baldzuhn J. , Beidler C.D. , Biedermann C. , Burhenn R. , Fuchert G. , Hartmann D. , Hirsch M. , Langenberg A. , Laqua H. , McNeely P. , Pablant N. , Pasch E. , Reimold F. , Romba T. , Rust N. , Schroeder R. , Scott E.R. , Stange T. , Smith H.M. , Gradic D. , Wolf R.C. , Zhang D. ,   the W7-X Team
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In the Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) stellarator, turbulence is the dominant transport mechanism in most discharges. This leads to a ‘clamping’ of ion temperature over a wide range of heating power, predominantly flat density profiles where hollow profiles driven by neoclassical thermo-diffusion would be expected and by rapid impurity transport in injection experiments. Significantly reduced turbulent transport is observed in the presence of strong core density gradients found transiently after core pellet injection and irregularly after boronisation or boron pellet injection. Density peaking is also achieved in a controlled manner in purely neutral beam heated discharges where particle transport analysis reveals an abrupt reduction in the main-ion particle flux leading to significant density profile peaking not explained by the NBI particle source alone. The plasmas exhibit a heat diffusivity of around

χ
=
0.25
±
0.1

m

2

s

−
1

at mid radius, a factor of around 4 lower than ECRH dominated discharges. Despite the improved confinement, the achieved ion temperature is limited by broader heat deposition and the lower power-per-particle given the higher density. This is overcome with limited reintroduction of ECRH power, where the low heat diffusivity diffusivity is maintained, the density rise supressed and ion temperatures above the clamping limit are achieved. The applicability of these plasmas for a high performance scenario on transport relevant time scales is assessed, including initial predictions for planned heating upgrades of W7-X, based on a range of assumptions about particle transport.
Beyond zero - Construction for a regenerative future
Authors: Persson U 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This paper compiles a roadmap of considerations concerning zero impact, beyond zero (positive) impact of regenerative development of the construction process. This is described from a process point of view considering the whole lifecycle of a building, involved stakeholders, and the necessity of functional ecosystem services. Firstly, a review is made of the basics of regenerative development and how to adapt development through regenerative sustainability to single buildings. This follows with an important prerequisite of sustainability and regenerative buildings: the concept of a circular economy with deconstruction and disassembly in mind. Concerning the construction process, a review of the construction regenerative principles is made: the role of the client and their organisation, the stakeholder’s importance, the role of the construction site and the ecosystem services that are provided (or should be provided). Further, there are considerations of how a regenerative construction project can be managed, some important principles of regenerative design, procurement and contracting factors, regenerative issues during construction works, and the handover to the client. The construction process definition extends and continues with long-term regenerative operational management. Finally, it is how to verify all measures through the construction process and lifecycle processing of a building for regenerative development. The paper concludes with remarks regarding a road through steps of continual improvements toward a future regenerative construction process beyond zero environmental impacts promoting a living system wholeness.
Science for Policy: Insights from Supporting an EU Roadmap for the Reduction of Whole Life Carbon of Buildings
Authors: Röck M , Pristerá G , Ramon D , Van de moortel E , Mouton L , Kockat J , Toth Z , Allacker K 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The European Union (EU) aims at climate-neutrality by 2050, necessitating a transformation of the entire economy, including the construction and buildings sectors. This study, initiated by the European Commission’s DG ENV, provides a basis for a roadmap to mitigate building-related greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from a life cycle perspective. This paper presents methodological developments and findings for the baseline year 2020. The research assesses whole life cycle (WLC) GHG emissions from European buildings, covering various archetype buildings. It supports the creation of an EU roadmap to reduce WLC GHG emissions by 2050. The study employed attributional LCA and five key steps: 1) Characterization of building stock based on four climatic regions; 2) Selection of representative archetypes; 3) Modelling of building life cycle inventories; 4) life cycle assessment using the GWP indicator; 5) Upscaling of building results to the building stock level. The results emphasize the relevance of reducing both operational and embodied GHG emissions at both the individual building and building stock level. At the level of individual new buildings with advanced energy performance, embodied GHG emissions average 66% of life cycle emissions, ranging from 43% to 97%. At stock level, embodied GHG emissions make up 21% of whole life cycle GHG emissions, even though only about 1% of building stock area is newly constructed in the baseline year. The remaining 79% of WLC emissions are coming from the operation of existing buildings. Within the embodied emissions, new building production and construction process stages account for 55%, existing building’s use phase embodied contributes another 20%, and refurbishment of the existing stock makes up around 15%, while end-of-life processes contribute only 2%. The study provides a novel perspective on GHG emission in the life cycle of buildings and building stocks. It lays the groundwork for an EU roadmap to reduce WLC GHG emissions. Outcomes will aid policy formulation, target setting, and implementation of suitable GHG emission reduction strategies.
Developing a Data Infrastructure to obtain reference values, baselines, and benchmarks for the Whole Life Carbon implementation in buildings in Spain: INDICATE project.
Authors: Soust-Verdaguer B , García-Martínez A , Rey-Álvarez B , de Diego B , de la Fuente A , Fernández Gálvez M D , Castro Torres L , Röck M , García González L , Julián García M , Fernández P , Sicre Álvarez G , Cubero Cruz M , Alba Dorado J A 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Currently, there is an urgent need to implement whole life carbon emissions reduction measures in Mediterranean regions. In the Spanish context, although there are several initiatives there is no national harmonised LCA method or national database of construction products with associated environmental data. This paper presents a summary of the methodology, preliminary results and lessons learnt from the INDICATE project Spain, whose focus on accelerating the data infrastructure for implementing WLC metrics in the building sector in Spain. It aims to provide a scientific-technical support to develop data of the national building stock harmonised with Level(s) framework and develop a robust national data infrastructure to conduct the WLC assessment, as well as providing agreed outcomes including reference values, baselines and benchmarks, contributing to the integration of the WLC in policy makers’ decisions, existing regulations, and market innovation, involving key actors from representative regions in Spain and creating a multi-stakeholder network. The method is based on three main pillars: co-creation, development of new data, and collection of real LCA data. Several areas for future action have been identified, including the application of data science and technologies such as AI for the analysis of synthetic and real cases and the address of specific data gaps.
Development of a Sustainable Built Environment Strategic Framework for Hong Kong
Authors: Cheung A , Kam M , Ip T , Leung MK , Chan M , Ng E , Chow B , Uppal T 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In the wake of rapid urbanisation, cities around the world have increasingly faced sustainability challenges, affecting not only the natural environment, but also economic growth and social issues as well. Half of the world’s population lives in cities, and this will continue to increase. Growth without limits has become a phenomenon of big cities. The spread to outlying areas has resulted in less support for sub-urban areas in providing prevalent services. The Hong Kong Green Building Council is working with Arcadis cum Urbis on the development of a Sustainable Built Environment (SBE) Guide for Hong Kong. Through reviewing international and regional best practices, case studies, and relevant policies and initiatives; an integrated approach was adopted to identify and create synergies to generate new strategies and practices for a sustainable built environment. Knowledge sharing and stakeholder engagement workshops were held to collect scholastic and professional views on those prospective strategies.
Integration of a Europe-wide public building database with retrofit strategies and a thermal inertia model into an open-source optimization framework
Authors: Hillen Maximilian , Schönfeldt Patrik , Groesdonk Philip , Hoffschmidt Bernhard 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The building sector currently accounts for 40% of global energy consumption and one third of total greenhouse gas emissions, with a significant portion allocated to thermal energy supply. Achieving global climate goals requires the transition to renewables in energy supply systems. The cost efficiency first principle suggests that improving energy efficiency is a key measure on that way, which includes building envelope retrofits. Open-Source tools for optimization of building energy systems exist, e.g. the open energy system framework (oemof), a tool equipped with a comprehensive library of generic components that empowers energy system modeling and optimization. However, these tools typically lack the linkage between retrofit strategies and energy system optimization, do not consider the thermal inertia of the building in the operational optimization and require extensive input data. In this contribution, we present a new open-source feature of oemof that combines the 5RC thermal building model (based on ISO 13790) with the TABULA building database and makes them available for optimization workflows. This enables oemof to optimize the energy system design and operation, including the thermal inertia and controlling the indoor temperature within a comfort zone. The optimization is performed for three residential building retrofit states in hourly time steps with a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) approach. The chosen approach works with little input data for 20 European countries and allows the optimization of a wide range of residential buildings for three retrofit states. A case study demonstrates the applicability of the new method.
A Government Sustainable Building Rating Tool?
Authors: Gibberd J T 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Some countries have significant public building backlogs. Schools, colleges, clinics, and hospitals still need to be built and existing infrastructure needs to be updated and refurbished. In addressing backlogs, there is the prospect of developing more sustainable buildings and infrastructure. However, often this opportunity is not taken, and the design and construction of public buildings continue to follow conventional unsustainable approaches. Reasons for this include the lack of a suitable sustainable building rating tool that aligns with government priorities. To address this gap, this study explores development a Government Sustainable Building Rating Tool (GSBRT). It investigates this for South Africa, a country with large public building backlogs. Government policy is analysed to establish the key development priorities and translate these into building performance criteria. These criteria are compared with criteria from an existing green building rating tool, to determine alignment. The study finds that while there is some overlap, there are also significant differences and that the conventional green building rating tool does not cater for some government sustainable development priorities. Recommendations are made for further research and development of a GSBRT as a means of addressing sustainability in government buildings.
Putting Green BIM in Practice – Optimizing the Application of Building Information Model For Green Building Assessments
Authors: Lo T , Au I , Liu P , Ng R C W , Ho M , Chin M 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Building Information Modelling (BIM) and green building assessments are equally important for promoting efficiency, sustainability, and versatility in the design of new buildings. While both concepts aim to improve the management of environmental and sustainability data during building design, they are distinct and overseen by separate disciplines within a design team. Integrating both concepts and maximizing their potential in building design requires aligning data preparation processes and standardizing the business workflow. In this regard, the paper outlines the concept of Green BIM, which seeks to enhance the data management of BIM for green building assessments. The Green BIM concept comprises of several components: (i) standardization of guidelines for preparing data in BIM models for green building assessments, (ii) data conversion engine that translates BIM model data for green building assessments, (iii) assistive plugin that creates a downsized BIM model with just the appropriate amount of green building information in a common file format and (iv) capacity building activities to align practitioners’ understanding of BIM for green building assessments. The application of Green BIM was implemented in the iBEAM Unison platform and has yielded promising results. Therefore, by establishing effective coordination, the concept of Green BIM can be expanded to enhance the effectiveness of BIM in green building assessments.
Measuring Embodied Carbon of Buildings: A Review of Methodologies and Benchmarking Towards Net Zero
Authors: Tigani D , van Kan D , Tennakoon G , Geng L , Chan M 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
As the world strives towards achieving Net Zero emissions, reducing the carbon footprint of buildings has become a crucial consideration in sustainable development. This research aims to review the current methodologies for measuring embodied carbon of buildings and explore benchmarking strategies towards achieving Net Zero. The literature review covers various methodologies for measuring embodied carbon, including life cycle assessment (LCA) and Whole Building LCA. It also examines the limitations of these methodologies, such as the lack of standardisation and difficulty in measuring embodied carbon for complex building systems. The report highlights the importance of benchmarking embodied carbon, which involves comparing the embodied carbon of a building to a standard industry average. This study also explores the strategies that can be used to reduce embodied carbon in buildings, including material substitution, design optimization, and construction waste reduction. The study emphasizes the need for a holistic approach to reducing embodied carbon based on considering the entire life cycle of building materials and components. It highlights the potential benefits of implementing circular economy principles in reducing embodied carbon, as exemplified by material reuse and recycling. The study concludes that measuring embodied carbon is essential for achieving Net Zero emissions in the building industry. However, there is a need for standardisation and more robust methodologies to measure the embodied carbon of complex building systems. The study recommends the use of benchmarking as a strategy to incentivize the building industry to reduce embodied carbon. The report emphasises the importance of a holistic approach to reducing embodied carbon considering the potential benefits of implementing circular economy principles.
Digitalisation retrofitting and retro-commissioning towards carbon neutrality
Authors: Sat P , Choi D , Lo A , Chan C 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe Hong Kong Green Building Council (HKGBC) is committed to helping Hong Kong’s buildings to decarbonise and advance towards net zero emissions. In support of the Government’s recent announcement of striving to achieve carbon neutrality before 2050, most of the commercial building owners are setting a long term reduction target. There are over 42,000 private buildings with about one-fifth of them are commercial that covering 66% of total energy consumption of Hong Kong, in which over 80% of them will be in existence in 2050. There is opportunity to reduce the operational carbon of existing buildings through replacement, retrofitting and retro-commissioning of existing building services installation. To understand whether the target is achievable in existing buildings, an energy performance assessment is required to be conducted by using operating data and corresponding key performance indicators (KPIs). The process of retro-commissioning, retrofitting and replacement should be digitalised by means of sensors, actuators and data management platform for assessing the change in performance before and after such improvement measures taken place in existing buildings.