bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Between standardisation and resilience: nurses' emergent risk management strategies during handovers
Authors: Drach‐Zahavy Anat , Goldblatt Hadass , Maizel Ana 
Published: November 2014

Aims and objectivesIn this study, we aimed to understand how nurses manage handovers at shift change and to identify the working strategies they employ to maintain patients' safety.BackgroundNursing handovers at shift change are potentially hazardous for patients' quality of care. The nurses on the outgoing and incoming shifts need accurate understanding of the patient's current state, under circumstances that are frequently turbulent and time constrained.DesignQualitative study.MethodEighteen nurses working in a central Israeli hospital participated in the study. Data were collected through in‐depth semi‐structured interviews, conducted over a 10‐month period in 2011–2012. The interviews were tape‐recorded and transcribed verbatim. Content analysis method was used.ResultsWe revealed three interrelated themes: (1) Adaptation of declared handover goals to goals, which better fit the day‐to‐day routine of the ward; (2) Contextual turbulent circumstances, and (3) Strategies to optimise care for patients. Nurses on the outgoing shift developed organising strategies, ensuring efficient transmission of all important information; nurses on the incoming shift used cross‐checking strategies to verify the accuracy of the received information.ConclusionA nursing handover is both vulnerable and resilient, given its imposed constraints. The handover should be restructured, assuring resilience in patients' care while also limiting the risk for vulnerability.Relevance to clinical practiceHandover should be restructured so that it creates opportunities to cross‐check the information against as many sources of information as possible. During handover, special time should be devoted to reading written reports and notes, preferably when the outgoing nurses are still on the ward or are accessible via e‐mail or telephone. Team discussions should focus on achieving agreement about the order and manner of delivering concise information and facilitating shared understanding and trust among nurses.
Predictive value of second and third trimester fetal renal artery Doppler indices in idiopathic oligohydramnios and polyhydramnios in low‐risk pregnancies: A longitudinal study
Authors: Benzer Nilgün , Tazegül Pekin Aybike , Yılmaz Setenay Arzu , Seçilmiş Kerimoğlu Özlem , Doğan Nasuh Utku , Çelik Çetin 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAimIntermittent assessment of renal artery flow velocity waveforms during the early stages of pregnancy may help in predicting changes in amniotic fluid dynamics. The current study sought to determine the relation of renal artery and umbilical artery flow velocity waveforms with normal pregnancies and pregnancies complicated by either polyhydramnios or oligohydramnios.Material and MethodsRenal and umbilical artery Doppler values were evaluated at 22, 28 and 34 weeks' gestation in 300 low‐risk pregnant women with singleton pregnancies. Pulsatility index (PI) and resistance index (RI) were recorded and the amniotic fluid volume was evaluated. Three groups were formed according to the amniotic fluid volume at birth. Group I consisted of 264 pregnant women with normal amniotic fluid, group II included 30 pregnant women with oligohydramnios and group III included six pregnant women with polyhydramnios. Doppler parameters were compared between the groups and within each group according to gestational age.ResultsRenal artery PI values were higher in group II than group I at 22 weeks, 28 weeks and 34 weeks. The PI value at 28 weeks' gestation was statistically significant (P = 0.011). At 28 weeks' gestation, group II also had higher umbilical artery PI and RI values than group I.ConclusionAn increase in renal artery PI develops in early pregnancy before the development of oligohydramnios. In pregnancies developing polyhydramnios, renal artery PI was lower; however, our study included a small number of women with polyhydramnios.
Endorsement of Models Describing Sexual Response of Men and Women with a Sexual Partner: An Online Survey in a Population Sample of Danish Adults Ages 20–65 Years
Authors: Giraldi Annamaria , Kristensen Ellids , Sand Michael 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Several models have been used to describe men’s and women’s sexual responses. These models have been conceptualized as linear or circular models. The circular models were proposed to describe women’s sexual function best.

Aim
This study aims to determine whether men and women thought that current theoretical models of sexual responses accurately reflected their own sexual experience and to what extent this was influenced by sexual dysfunction.

Methods
A cross-sectional study of a large, broadly sampled, nonclinical population, cohort of Danish men and women. The Female Sexual Function Index, Female Sexual Distress Scale, and the International Index of Erectile Function were used to describe sexual function. Also, participants completed questionnaires with written descriptions of different sexual responses to describe their most experienced sexual response.

Main Outcome Measure
For women, we measured desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, sexual satisfaction, pain during sexual activity, sexual distress, and satisfaction with sexual life. For men, we measured erectile function, orgasm, desire, intercourse satisfaction, overall satisfaction, and satisfaction with sexual life.

Results
A total of 499 men and 573 women participated. We only analyzed responses from sexually active participants with a partner (401 men and 429 women). The majority of men endorsed the Masters & Johnson model (48.5%) or the Kaplan model (38.3%); only 5.4% endorsed the Basson model, and 7.3% endorsed none of the models. Among women, 34% endorsed the Kaplan model, 28% the Masters & Johnson model, 25.6% the Basson model, and 12.5% none of the models. Among women, sexual dysfunction and distress were significantly (P = 0.01) related to endorsement of the Basson model or none of the models. Among men, erectile dysfunction and dissatisfaction with sexual life were significantly related to endorsement of the Basson model or none of the models (P = 0.01).

Conclusions
No single model of sexual response could describe men’s and women’s sexual responses. The majority of men and women with no sexual dysfunction that were satisfied with their sexual life endorsed the linear models.
Tracing the path of a prokaryotic paracrine signal
Authors: Mullineaux Conrad W. , Nürnberg Dennis J. 
Published: November 2014

SummaryFilamentous heterocyst‐forming cyanobacteria are a beautiful example of prokaryotic multicellularity. The filaments can achieve simultaneous nitrogen fixation and oxygenic photosynthesis by cooperation between two cell types: the photosynthetic vegetative cells and the nitrogen‐fixing heterocysts. The multicellular features exhibited by the system include differentiation of different cell types, metabolic interdependence and even pattern formation, as the spacing of heterocysts along the filament is non‐random. Recent years have seen exciting progress both in understanding the control of heterocyst differentiation, and also in understanding the function of ‘septal junctions’: an array of pore‐like structures at the cell junctions that allow intercellular communication by facilitating the diffusion of small molecules from cell to cell. A new report by Rivers et al. (2014) makes the connection between pattern formation and intercellular communication by showing that a mutation that partially disables the septal junctions leads to a decrease in the range of a signal dependent on the HetN protein that is one of the factors controlling heterocyst spacing. This suggests that the signal travels from cell to cell by diffusion through the septal junctions, opening the door to quantitative understanding of the mechanism that controls heterocyst spacing in filamentous cyanobacteria.
Improving intercropping: a synthesis of research in agronomy, plant physiology and ecology
Authors: Brooker Rob W. , Bennett Alison E. , Cong Wen‐Feng , Daniell Tim J. , George Timothy S. , Hallett Paul D. , Hawes Cathy , Iannetta Pietro P. M. , Jones Hamlyn G. , Karley Alison J. , Li Long , McKenzie Blair M. , Pakeman Robin J. , Paterson Eric , Schöb Christian , Shen Jianbo , Squire Geoff , Watson Christine A. , Zhang Chaochun , Zhang Fusuo , Zhang Junling , White Philip J. 
Published: November 2014

SummaryIntercropping is a farming practice involving two or more crop species, or genotypes, growing together and coexisting for a time. On the fringes of modern intensive agriculture, intercropping is important in many subsistence or low‐input/resource‐limited agricultural systems. By allowing genuine yield gains without increased inputs, or greater stability of yield with decreased inputs, intercropping could be one route to delivering ‘sustainable intensification’. We discuss how recent knowledge from agronomy, plant physiology and ecology can be combined with the aim of improving intercropping systems. Recent advances in agronomy and plant physiology include better understanding of the mechanisms of interactions between crop genotypes and species – for example, enhanced resource availability through niche complementarity. Ecological advances include better understanding of the context‐dependency of interactions, the mechanisms behind disease and pest avoidance, the links between above‐ and below‐ground systems, and the role of microtopographic variation in coexistence. This improved understanding can guide approaches for improving intercropping systems, including breeding crops for intercropping. Although such advances can help to improve intercropping systems, we suggest that other topics also need addressing. These include better assessment of the wider benefits of intercropping in terms of multiple ecosystem services, collaboration with agricultural engineering, and more effective interdisciplinary research.
Comparison of different diagnostic assays for the detection ofBorrelia burgdorferi‐specific antibodies in dogs
Authors: Barth Charlotte , Straubinger Reinhard K. , Krupka Inke , Müller Elisabeth , Sauter‐Louis Carola , Hartmann Katrin 
Published: November 2014

BackgroundAntibody tests are frequently used in the diagnosis of canine Lyme borreliosis, including immunofluorescence assay (IFA) for immunoglobulin G (IgG) and M (IgM) antibodies, kinetic enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (KELA), and Western blotting (WB). Recently, theSNAP4Dx, an in‐house test using C6technology has become available.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to compareIFA,KELA, andSNAP4Dx assay results, and to determine their sensitivity and specificity when compared with theWB, used as gold standard in this study.MethodsTwo hundred canine sera were tested for the presence of specific antibodies againstBorreliaspp. using the above‐mentioned tests.ResultsThe sensitivity and specificity ofIFA‐IgG was 76.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 46.87–86.72) and 87.1% (95%CI80.06–91.90), and 26.3% (95%CI11.81–48.79) and 81.0% (95%CI73.64–86.71) forIFA‐IgM, respectively.KELAwas 100% (95%CI83.18–100) sensitive and 75.4% (95%CI67.02–82.09) specific, and theSNAP4Dx was 84.2% (95%CI62.43–94.48) sensitive and 98.5% (95%CI94.83–99.60) specific.ConclusionsBothIFAs had very low sensitivity and specificity and cannot be recommended for screening purposes. In contrast,KELAshowed excellent sensitivity, but positive results always need to be confirmed byWBto differentiate the source of antibody formation. TheSNAP4Dx had a high sensitivity and specificity, and thus can potentially replace the more labor‐intensiveWB, at least in untreated dogs.
Collateral Genome Instability by DNA Damage in Mitosis
Authors: Jelluma Nannette , Kops Geert J.P.L. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Summary: Chromosome segregation errors and DNA damage are in a vicious cycle in cancer cells. Bakhoum and colleagues show that the molecular response to damaged DNA during mitosis impairs the chromosome segregation machinery, adding a new level to the already dangerous relations between different kinds of genomic instability. Cancer Discov; 4(11); 1256–8. ©2014 AACR.
See related article by Bakhoum et al., p. 1281
Investigating the Local Atmospheric Response to a Realistic Shift in the Oyashio Sea Surface Temperature Front
Authors: Smirnov Dimitry , Newman Matthew , Alexander Michael A. , Kwon Young-Oh , Frankignoul Claude 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The local atmospheric response to a realistic shift of the Oyashio Extension SST front in the western North Pacific is analyzed using a high-resolution (HR; 0.25°) version of the global Community Atmosphere Model, version 5 (CAM5). A northward shift in the SST front causes an atmospheric response consisting of a weak surface wind anomaly but a strong vertical circulation extending throughout the troposphere. In the lower troposphere, most of the SST anomaly–induced diabatic heating is balanced by poleward transient eddy heat and moisture fluxes. Collectively, this response differs from the circulation suggested by linear dynamics, where extratropical SST forcing produces shallow anomalous heating balanced by strong equatorward cold air advection driven by an anomalous, stationary surface low to the east. This latter response, however, is obtained by repeating the same experiment except using a relatively low-resolution (LR; 1°) version of CAM5. Comparison to observations suggests that the HR response is closer to nature than the LR response. Strikingly, HR and LR experiments have almost identical vertical profiles of . However, diagnosis of the diabatic quasigeostrophic vertical pressure velocity (ω) budget reveals that HR has a substantially stronger response, which together with upper-level mean differential thermal advection balances stronger vertical motion. The results herein suggest that changes in transient eddy heat and moisture fluxes are critical to the overall local atmospheric response to Oyashio Front anomalies, which may consequently yield a stronger downstream response. These changes may require the high resolution to be fully reproduced, warranting further experiments of this type with other high-resolution atmosphere-only and fully coupled GCMs.
Impacts on Ocean Heat from Transient Mesoscale Eddies in a Hierarchy of Climate Models
Authors: Griffies Stephen M. , Winton Michael , Anderson Whit G. , Benson Rusty , Delworth Thomas L. , Dufour Carolina O. , Dunne John P. , Goddard Paul , Morrison Adele K. , Rosati Anthony , Wittenberg Andrew T. , Yin Jianjun , Zhang Rong 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The authors characterize impacts on heat in the ocean climate system from transient ocean mesoscale eddies. Their tool is a suite of centennial-scale 1990 radiatively forced numerical climate simulations from three GFDL coupled models comprising the Climate Model, version 2.0–Ocean (CM2-O), model suite. CM2-O models differ in their ocean resolution: CM2.6 uses a 0.1° ocean grid, CM2.5 uses an intermediate grid with 0.25° spacing, and CM2-1deg uses a nominal 1.0° grid.
Analysis of the ocean heat budget reveals that mesoscale eddies act to transport heat upward in a manner that partially compensates (or offsets) for the downward heat transport from the time-mean currents. Stronger vertical eddy heat transport in CM2.6 relative to CM2.5 accounts for the significantly smaller temperature drift in CM2.6. The mesoscale eddy parameterization used in CM2-1deg also imparts an upward heat transport, yet it differs systematically from that found in CM2.6. This analysis points to the fundamental role that ocean mesoscale features play in transient ocean heat uptake. In general, the more accurate simulation found in CM2.6 provides an argument for either including a rich representation of the ocean mesoscale in model simulations of the mean and transient climate or for employing parameterizations that faithfully reflect the role of eddies in both lateral and vertical heat transport.
Capacitance effect on the oscillation and switching characteristics of spin torque oscillators
Authors: Zeng Tui , Zhou Yan , Leung Chi Wah , Lai Peter PT , Pong Philip WT 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
We have studied the capacitance effect on the oscillation characteristics and the switching characteristics of the spin torque oscillators (STOs). We found that when the external field is applied, the STO oscillation frequency exhibits various dependences on the capacitance for injected current ranging from 8 to 20 mA. The switching characteristic is featured with the emerging of the canted region; the canted region increases with the capacitance. When the external field is absent, the STO free-layer switching time exhibits different dependences on the capacitance for different injected current. These results help to establish the foundation for capacitance-involved STO modeling.
miR-200c Inhibits invasion, migration and proliferation of bladder cancer cells through down-regulation of BMI-1 and E2F3
Authors: Liu Lei , Qiu Mingning , Tan Guobin , Liang Ziji , Qin Yue , Chen Lieqian , Chen Hege , Liu Jianjun 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackgroundMicroRNA-200c (miR-200c) is one of the short noncoding RNAs that play crucial roles in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. It also acts as considerable modulator in the process of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a cell development regulating process that affects tumor development and metastasis. However, the role of miR-200c in bladder cancer cells and its mechanism has not been well studied. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential role of miR-200c in regulating EMT and how it contributed to bladder cancer cells in invasion, migration and proliferation.MethodsReal-time reverse transcription-PCR was used to identify and validate the differential expression of MiR-200c involved in EMT in 4 bladder cancer cell lines and clinical specimens. A list of potential miR-200 direct targets was identified through the TargetScan database. The precursor of miR-200c was over-expressed in UMUC-3 and T24 cells using a lentivirus construct, respectively. Protein expression and signaling pathway modulation were validated through Western blot analysis and confocal microscopy, whereas BMI-1 and E2F3, direct target of miR-200c, were validated by using the wild-type and mutant 3’-untranslated region BMI-1/E2F3 luciferase reporters.ResultsWe demonstrate that MiR-200c is down-regulated in bladder cancer specimens compared with adjacent ones in the same patient. Luciferase assays showed that the direct down-regulation of BMI-1 and E2F3 were miR-200c-dependent because mutations in the two putative miR-200c-binding sites have rescued the inhibitory effect. Over-expression of miR-200c in bladder cancer cells resulted in significantly decreased the capacities of cell invasion, migration and proliferation. miR-200c over-expression resulted in conspicuous down-regulation of BMI-1and E2F3 expression and in a concomitant increase in E-cadherin levels.ConclusionsmiR-200c appears to control the EMT process through BMI-1 in bladder cancer cells, and it inhibits their proliferation through down-regulating E2F3. The targets of miR-200c include BMI-1 and E2F3, which are a novel regulator of EMT and a regulator of proliferation, respectively.
Sepsis-related deaths in Brazil: an analysis of the national mortality registry from 2002 to 2010
Authors: Taniguchi Leandro U , Bierrenbach Ana Luiza , Toscano Cristiana M , Schettino Guilherme PP , Azevedo Luciano CP 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Limited population-based epidemiologic information about sepsis’ demography, including its mortality and temporal changes is available from developing countries. We investigated the epidemiology of sepsis deaths in Brazil using secondary data from the Brazilian Mortality Information System.

Methods
Retrospective descriptive analysis of Brazilian multiple-cause-of-death data between 2002 and 2010, with sepsis-associated International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10) code indicated as the cause of death. Population-based sepsis associated mortality rates and trends were estimated. Annual population-based mortality rates were calculated using age-stratified population estimates from the 2010 census provided by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics as denominators.

Results
The total number of annual deaths recorded in Brazil increased over the decade, from 982,294 deaths reported in 2002 to 1,133,761 deaths reported in 2010. The number of sepsis associated deaths also increased both in absolute numbers and proportions from 95,972 (9.77% of total deaths) in 2002 to 186,712 deaths (16.46%) in 2010. The age-adjusted rate of sepsis-associated mortality increased from 69.5 deaths per 100,000 to 97.8 deaths per 100,000 population from 2002 to 2010 (P <0.001). Sepsis-associated mortality was higher in individuals older than 60 years of age as compared to subjects aged 0 to 20 years (adjusted rate ratio 15.7 (95% confidence interval (CI) 15.6 to 15.8)) and in male subjects (1.15 (95% CI 1.15 to 1.16)).

Conclusions
Between 2002 and 2010 the contribution of sepsis to all cause mortality as reported in multiple-cause-of-death forms increased significantly in Brazil. Age-adjusted mortality rates by sepsis also increased in the last decade. Our results confirm the importance of sepsis as a significant healthcare issue in Brazil.
Crossing the Rubicon? Legal developments in assisted suicide
Authors: Welsh Susan F. 
Published: November 2014

SummaryUK law on assisted suicide and euthanasia is very clear: it is unlawful. However, there have been successive proposals for changes to legislation in this area (in England and Scotland) and a series of individual challenges to current legislation in the courts. This article does not seek to debate the profound ethical arguments that surround this emotive subject, but instead to portray how the law, through court judgment and legislative proposals, has wrestled with opposing views, particularly over the past decade or so, as the impact of the Human Rights Act has presented unique challenges. Some of our closest European neighbours have diverse legislation that could influence our own legislature, and, from across the Atlantic, the Oregon Death with Dignity Act is being mirrored in proposals to change the law in the UK.Learning Objectives•Be able to recognise the impact of the Human Rights Act on challenges to legislation relating to assisted suicide.•Understand proposals for statute.•Appreciate how certain other countries legislate in this area.
Balancing risk requires a balanced approach: Commentary on… severe and enduring eating disorders: recognition and management
Authors: Jones William Rhys , Morgan John F. 
Published: November 2014

SummaryPaul Robinson's article provides an excellent summary of some of the challenges faced by clinicians working with patients with severe and enduring eating disorders (SEED) and outlines a robust approach to the recognition and management of this complex group of patients. This commentary expands on some of the points raised, adds some further views and suggests a tailored approach to establishing a therapeutic alliance with patients and carers.