bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wildfire, extreme precipitation and debris flows, oh my! Channel response to compounding disturbances in a mountain stream in the Upper Colorado Basin, USA
Authors: Ridgway Paxton , Lane Belize , Canham Haley , Murphy Brendan P. , Belmont Patrick , Rengers Francis K. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCompounding changes in climate and human activities stand to increase sediment input to rivers in many landscapes, including via discrete perturbations such as post‐fire debris flows. Because sediment supply is a dominant control on river morphology, understanding mountain river responses to sediment regime perturbations is critical to predicting and addressing downstream effects to infrastructure, water security and aquatic habitat. A growing body of literature explores the causes, likelihood, size and composition of post‐fire debris flows, but the channel response to these disturbances remains poorly studied. This study used repeat field surveys, time‐lapse photographs and pre‐ and post‐disturbance remote sensing datasets to document and analyse space‐ and time‐varying channel response to post‐fire debris flows along a steep mountain stream in the Upper Colorado River Basin, USA. Specifically, we evaluated channel morphology and bed composition changes, correlations between channel changes and valley and channel attributes, and the relative importance of spring snowmelt versus summer monsoon events. Several cross‐sectional channel change types were observed from lidar a month after post‐fire debris‐flow events, including channelized and braided incision into deposits, incision into the pre‐fire channel bed, bank erosion and no change. Channel changes were most correlated with pre‐fire channel width, valley width and unit stream power, and these relationships could be tested in other burned locations to evaluate their transferability. Repeat channel surveys before and after snowmelt indicate rapid recovery and channel narrowing following major sediment disturbances, although sediment deposits remained in the channel margins. Together, these results highlight the importance of field and remote sensing‐based channel surveys to improve understanding of, and potential to predict, mountain channel response to compounding climate disturbances.
Impact of silymarin‐supplemented cookies on liver enzyme and inflammatory markers in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease patients
Authors: Jaffar Hafiza Madiha , Bader ul Ain Huma , Tufail Tabussam , Hanif Asif , Malik Tabarak 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a growing public health concern characterized by fat accumulation and severe disorders like nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which are influenced by obesity, inflammatory processes, and metabolic pathways. This research investigates the potential of silymarin‐supplemented cookies in managing NAFLD by evaluating their impact on liver enzyme activity, inflammatory markers, and lipid profiles. A clinical trial in Lahore, Pakistan, involved 64 NAFLD patients. Participants were divided into placebo and three treatment groups, with the latter receiving silymarin‐supplemented cookies for 3 months. The study assessed liver enzyme levels and inflammatory markers, at baseline and after the intervention, utilizing statistical analyses to evaluate differences. The lipid profile and renal function test (RFT) were also measured at baseline and after 3 months in each group for safety assessment. After 3 months, the treatment groups indicated more significant decreases in liver enzymes compared to the placebo group (p ≤ .05). Treatment 3 showed significant reductions in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (64.39–49.38 U/L) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (61.53–45.38 U/L). Treatment 3 also showed improvements in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels and the AST/ALT ratio. Additionally, the treatment group demonstrated a significant reduction in inflammatory markers. Treatment 3 showed a significant decrease in C‐reactive protein (CRP) (6.32–3.39 mg/L) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (38.72–23.86 mm/h), indicating that individuals with NAFLD may benefit from the intervention's potential benefits in lowering inflammation. The study revealed that an intervention significantly improved the inflammatory markers, liver enzymes, and lipid profiles of NAFLD participants, suggesting potential benefits for liver health.
Innovative hemostasis technique for cesarean section in placenta previa: A retrospective study
Authors: Kawakami Kosuke , Kurokawa Yusuke , Urago Kohei , Maruyama Yumika , Fujikawa Rie , Ishibashi Hiroki , Kitagawa Marie , Shimizu Takahiro , Tokuda Tsugumichi , Kawagoe Hidehiro , Muta Mitsuru , Yoshizato Toshiyuki , Okura Naofumi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate hemostatic efficacy, complications, and subsequent pregnancy outcomes in women with placenta previa who underwent combined vertical compression sutures in the lower uterine segment and intrauterine balloon tamponade (Hot‐Dog method) to achieve hemostasis after cesarean section.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed data for 117 women with singleton pregnancy diagnosed with placenta previa who underwent cesarean section between 29 and 38 weeks' gestation. Treatments were as follows: (1) conventional—intravenous oxytocin administration after placental detachment and suturing of bleeding points at the detachment site as needed (conventional group) (n = 47). (2) Intrauterine balloon tamponade alone (balloon group) (n = 41). (3) Vertical compression sutures + intrauterine balloon tamponade (Hot‐Dog group) (n = 29).ResultsThe placenta accreta spectrum prevalence was significantly higher in the balloon and Hot‐Dog groups versus the conventional group. The prevalence of anteriorly located placenta was significantly higher in the Hot‐Dog versus balloon groups. Intraoperative and total blood loss were significantly higher in the Hot‐Dog versus conventional groups. Postoperative blood loss was significantly lower in the Hot‐Dog versus balloon groups. Fewer additional procedures for managing postoperative hemorrhage were required in the Hot‐Dog versus conventional and balloon groups. The number of subsequent pregnancies in the conventional, balloon, and Hot‐Dog groups was 11 (23.4%), 8 (19.5%), and 4 (13.8%), respectively; all resulted in live births at term without serious obstetric complications.ConclusionThe Hot‐Dog method is a straightforward and safe hemostasis technique for placenta previa that preserves fertility and controls severe bleeding.
Oxidative balance scores in Korean adults are associated with periodontitis
Authors: Seon Jeong‐Hwa , Kim Na‐Yeong , Kim Ji‐Eun , Choi Choong‐Ho , Chung Ki‐Ho 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe Oxidative Balance Score (OBS) is a comprehensive metric that assesses the state of a person's oxidative balance. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the oxidative balance score and moderate and severe periodontitis in a representative sample of Korean adults.MethodsHealthcare big data from the 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016–2018) was used, and 16,489 adults aged ≥19 years were included. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the effect of sex‐specific oxidative balance scores on periodontitis.ResultsIn comparison with participants with a lower oxidative balance score, those with a higher oxidative balance score had a lower incidence of moderate and severe periodontitis (p < 0.05). After adjusting for covariates, the oxidative balance score was negatively associated with moderate (odds ratio [OR] = 0.952; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.934–0.971) and severe (OR = 0.958; 95% CI: 0.931–0.986) periodontitis; however, the result was not significant for severe periodontitis in women's (OR = 0.975; 95% CI: 0.934–1.018). Our study showed a statistically significant association between OBS and moderate and severe periodontitis, the small effect size should be interpreted with caution.ConclusionsThe oxidative balance score was associated with moderate and severe periodontitis in Korean adults. Therefore, managing this score may help reduce the risk of periodontitis.
Exploring the diagnostic potential of immunoglobulin A‐microbiota interplay in liver cirrhosis and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
Authors: Zhang Liang‐Jie , Huang Wen‐Qi , Zhang Yuan , Zhou You‐Lian , Xu Hao‐Ming , Zhao Chong , Nie Yu‐Qiang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe human gut microbiota significantly impacts health, including liver conditions like liver cirrhosis (LC) and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP). Immunoglobulin A (IgA) plays a central role in maintaining gut microbial balance. Understanding IgA's interplay with gut microbiota and liver health is crucial. This study explores the relationship between fecal IgA levels, gut microbiota, and liver injury severity. A total of 69 LC patients and 30 healthy controls were studied. Fecal IgA levels were measured using ELISA, and IgA‐coated bacteria were quantified via flow cytometry. Microbiota diversity and composition were assessed through 16S rRNA sequencing. Liver injury severity was graded using the Child–Pugh score. Statistical analyses determined correlations. LC patients had higher fecal IgA levels than controls, correlating positively with liver injury severity. Microbiota diversity decreased with severity, accompanied by shifts in composition favoring pro‐inflammatory species. Ralstonia abundance positively correlated with liver injury, whereas Faecalibacterium showed a negative correlation. Specific microbial markers for SBP were identified. Functional profiling revealed altered microbial functionalities in LC and SBP. Elevated fecal IgA levels, coupled with microbiota alterations, correlate with liver injury severity in LC patients. Modulating gut microbiota could be a promising strategy for managing liver‐related conditions. Further research is needed to understand underlying mechanisms and translate findings into clinical practice, potentially improving patient outcomes.
N6‐methyladenosine‐mediated LINC01087 promotes lung adenocarcinoma progression by regulating miR‐514a‐3p to upregulate centrosome protein 55
Authors: Zhang Xin , Wang Dong‐Jie , Jia Li , Zhang Wei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs are key players in the development of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). The present study elucidated the role of LINC01087 in LUAD development. Cell vitality and apoptosis were assessed by the CCK‐8 assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The transwell assay was adopted to evaluate cell migration and invasion. Levels of m6A modification of LINC01087 were determined using the methylated RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation assay. The interactions among LINC01087, miR‐514a‐3p, and centrosome protein 55 (CEP55) were evaluated using dual‐luciferase reporter, RNA immunoprecipitation, and RNA–RNA pull‐down assays. LINC01087 was highly expressed in LUAD, and its downregulation restrained cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition in vitro as well as tumor growth in a xenograft tumor model. Overexpression of miR‐514a‐3p inhibited malignant phenotypes in LUAD cells by inactivating RhoA/ROCK1 signaling via the suppression of CEP55 expression. Mechanistically, RBM15 increased the expression and mRNA stability of LINC01087 by mediating its m6A modification and LINC01087 induced CEP55 expression by sponging miR‐514a‐3p. RBM15‐induced LINC01087 upregulation accelerated LUAD progression by regulating the miR‐514a‐3p/CEP55/RhoA/ROCK1 axis, illustrating the potential of LINC01087 as a novel target for LUAD therapy.
Archaeology and ethnobiology of Late Holocene bird remains from the northern Oregon coast
Authors: Wellman Hannah P. , Spitzer Megan D. , Rick Torben C. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractArchaeological bird remains from the Oregon coast provide important insight into local environments and the interactions between birds and people on the North American Pacific Coast. We contribute to this discussion with an analysis of bird remains from the Late Holocene Par‐Tee site (35CLT20) in Seaside, Oregon. We sampled the Par‐Tee avifaunal assemblage to near‐redundancy, generating the largest sample from a single site on the Oregon Coast to date (N = 7204). The Par‐Tee assemblage is dominated by nearshore or estuarine birds including scoters (Melanitta spp.) and Common Murres (Uria aalge), as well as pelagic Sooty Shearwaters (Ardenna grisea). Because of the large size of the sample, we identified unique species such as the California Condor (Gymnogyps californianus), which are currently endangered and face conservation challenges. Although the Par‐Tee avifaunal assemblage is diverse, site residents appear to have focused on acquiring the most accessible species in the nearshore habitat complemented by opportunistic pelagic hunting and/or scavenging of beached birds. Most birds appear to have been processed for dietary consumption, with possible preferential use of larger‐winged birds for tool manufacture. These findings underscore the value and challenges of using legacy collections for evaluating past human–environmental interactions in coastal and other aquatic regions.
Silver nanoparticles incorporated polydimethylsiloxane nanocomposite film as hydrophobic infrared filters
Authors: Calolsa Roshbe S. , Sumangala T. P. , Kalpathy Sreeram K. , Thomas Tiju , Kahaly Mousumi Upadhyay , Rahaman Ariful 
Published: July 2024

AbstractInfrared (IR) filters and screens find application in energy‐efficient buildings, windows, and solar panels. Such filters benefit solar cells by preventing efficiency losses caused by heating. Polymer‐nanocomposite films are good candidates for developing IR screens. Compared to prior research on IR filters, we show how the addition of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) can improve the material's IR reflective nature while retaining high transmittance in the visible region. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film with AgNPs (~100 μm thick) is made using the doctor blade technique. We observe no transparency loss over the 0.005–0.02 vol% loading of AgNPs in PDMS, indicating the promising application of this transparent film. Furthermore, the distribution of AgNPs is found to be uniform, ensuring consistency, and preventing agglomeration. A contact angle of ~1120 is observed for these films, which is comparable to pristine PDMS film. Using a UV–Vis–NIR spectrophotometer, greater than 7.66% weighted average reflectance is observed in the near‐infrared (NIR) region and above 91.5% transmittance in the visible region. The precise role and influence of the functional group's presence were revealed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The thermal analysis (TGA) of the films revealed thermal stability of up to 400°C, which is comparable to pristine PDMS. Overall, the synergistic combination of AgNPs and PDMS produces a hydrophobic IR filter with enhanced optical characteristics and thermal stability.
Structural characterization and screening of chemical markers of alkaloids in Aconiti lateralis radix Praeparata and its processed products by UHPLC/Q‐TOF‐MS/MS and GNPS combining multivariate statistical methods based on the clinic
Authors: Xiang Jun , Zhang Qi , Fan Qian , Zhang Zekun , Huang Haibo , Wu Aizhi , Rong Li , Wang Yumei , Zhang Cuixian 
Published: July 2024

RationalAconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata (AC) is a traditional Chinese medicine with a long history of use. However, the current research on the material basis of AC and its processed products is still not comprehensive, especially the changes in lipo‐diterpenoid alkaloids (LDAs) that can be hydrolyzed into diester‐diterpenoid alkaloids in AC before and after processing. This study aimed to provide material basis guidance for the clinical use of AC and its processed products by comprehensively analyzing the changes in substances between AC and its processed products.MethodsAn ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC/Q‐TOF‐MS/MS) approach was optimized to chemical profiling. The MS data were processed using molecular networking combined with the in‐house library database to fast characterize the compounds. Multivariate statistical methods were adopted to determine the dissimilarities of components in AC and its processed products.ResultsA total of 310 compounds were tentatively identified from AC, including 109 potential new alkaloids, of which 98 were potential novel LPAs. A metabolomics approach was applied to find the characteristic marker components. As a result, 52 potential chemical markers were selected to distinguish the AC samples of different extraction methods and 42 potential chemical markers for differentiating between AC and its processed products were selected.ConclusionThe results indicate that UHPLC/Q‐TOF‐MS/MS and Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking coupled with multivariate analysis strategies was a powerful tool to rapidly identify and screen the chemical markers of alkaloids between the AC samples and its processed products. These results also indicate that the toxicity of water extracts of AC and its processed products were decreased. This research not only guides the clinical safe use of AC and its processed products, but also extends the application of the molecular networking strategy in traditional herbal medicine.
Can sustainability orientation make firms more resilient? Exploring the role of digital business model innovation, digital orientation, and environmental dynamism
Authors: Xie Yi , Xia Qinghua , Song Jianmin , Hu Shuchuan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractResilience refers to a firm's capacity to foresee, prevent, and adapt to disruptive events and environmental changes. Previous research has explored the antecedents of resilience from perspective of resources and capabilities, but there has been limited attention paid to strategic orientation, particularly sustainability orientation (SO). In light of the growing importance of sustainability in response to various social issues, this study investigates how SO in digital context can enhance firm resilience by driving digital business model innovation (DBMI). The study also examines the moderating effects of digital orientation (DO) and environmental dynamism (ED) on the relationship between SO and DBMI based on contingency theory. We tested our hypothesis using survey data from 155 Chinese SMEs. The results show that: (i) SO can improve firm resilience, (ii) DBMI plays a mediating role between SO and resilience, and (iii) the interplay of SO and DO can create stronger DBMI, but the synergy between them will be weakened in more dynamic environment.
Spatial Organization of Lipid Nanoparticle siRNA Delivery Systems Revealed by an Integrated Magnetic Resonance Approach
Authors: Porat‐Dahlerbruch Gal , Sergeyev Ivan V. , Quinn Caitlin M. , Struppe Jochem , Banks Daniel , Dahlheim Charles , Johnson Donald , Murphy Denette , Ilott Andrew , Abraham Anuji , Polenova Tatyana 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are increasingly finding applications in targeted drug delivery, including for subcutaneous, intravenous, inhalation, and vaccine administration. While a variety of microscopy techniques are widely used for LNP characterization, their resolution does not allow for characterization of the spatial organization of different components, such as the excipients, targeting agents, or even the active ingredient. Herein, an approach is presented to probe the spatial organization of individual constituent groups of LNPs used for siRNA‐based drug delivery, currently in clinical trials, by multinuclear solid‐state magic‐angle‐spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR) spectroscopy. Dynamic nuclear polarization is exploited (DNP) for sensitivity enhancement, together with judicious 2H labeing, to detect functionally important LNP constituents, the siRNA and the targeting agent (<1–2 w/v%), respectively, and achieve a structural model of the LNP locating the siRNA in the core, the targeting agent below the surface, and the sugars above the lipid bilayer at the surface. The integrated approach presented here is applicable for structural analysis of LNPs and can be extended more generally to other multi‐component biological formulations.
Tetrahydrocurcumin Attenuates Polymyxin B Sulfate‐Induced HK‐2 Cells Apoptosis by Inhibiting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress‐Mediated PERK/eIF2α/ATF4/CHOP Signaling Pathway Axis
Authors: Chen Junjie , Fan Weibin , Fan Jing , Xie Jiao , Wang Yan , Wang Yinhui , Lin Nengming , Lin Bin 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTThe clinical application of polymyxin B (PMB) is limited by its nephrotoxic effects, making the reduction of PMB‐induced nephrotoxicity has become a pressing concern for clinicians. Tetrahydrocurcumin (THC), known for its beneficial characteristics in biological functions, presents an attractive option for intervention therapy to mitigate PMB‐induced nephrotoxicity. However, the underlying mechanism of how THC mitigates PMB‐induced nephrotoxicity is still poorly understood. Here, we first evaluated the potential of THC intervention therapy to mitigate PMB‐induced nephrotoxicity in an in vitro model of PMB‐induced cell injury. Moreover, we demonstrated that THC effectively protected HK‐2 cells from PMB‐induced apoptosis by using cell counting kit‐8 and flow cytometry assay. THC could also suppress PMB‐induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress via PERK/eIF2α/ATF4/CHOP pathway. In addition, using PERK inhibitor GSK2606414 to inhibit ER stress also alleviated PMB‐induced apoptosis. Taken together, these findings provide novel insights that THC possesses the ability to alleviate PMB‐induced nephrotoxicity by inhibiting the ER stress‐mediated PERK/eIF2α/ATF4/CHOP axis, which sheds light on the benefits of THC as an intervention strategy to reduce PMB‐induced nephrotoxicity, thus providing a potential avenue for improved clinical outcomes in patients receiving PMB treatment.
Enabling Technology of Future Warfare: Turkey’s Approach to Defense AI
Authors: Kurç Çağlar 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDefense artificial intelligence (AI) development in Turkey focuses primarily on improving the capabilities of autonomous systems, sensors, and decision support systems because Turkey believes autonomous systems are the future of modern warfare. Hence, autonomous systems, mainly uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs), have remained a priority in Turkish AI development since 2011 and have expanded to include all types of uncrewed vehicles. Increasing autonomous systems’ capability in intelligence gathering and fighting, as well as enabling swarm operations, are prioritized in developing defense AI. While Turkey enhances the capabilities of autonomous systems, humans will continue to be critical for decision-making in the foreseeable future. However, the fast pace of developing and deploying autonomous systems exacerbates the dilemma of human-machine interaction. Turkey believes that AI enhancements to decision-making systems would help humans make quicker decisions and ease human-machine interactions. Thus, Turkey specifically focuses on AI-related technologies like machine learning, computer vision, and natural language processing with an application focus on autonomous vehicles and robotics. The intertwined development of AI and related technologies form the core of Turkey’s AI ecosystem. Turkey’s AI ecosystem is nascent but growing. Turkey aims to create synergies between its defense and civilian industries, academic institutions, and government through various ecosystem initiatives. Turkey seeks to increase its R&D spending on AI to increase employment and grow the ecosystem. Training and managing a skilled workforce are essential to building the indigenous AI development capacity that Turkey is looking for.