bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
18O Internal Referencing Method to Detect Water Addition in Wines and Fruit Juices: Interlaboratory Study
Authors: Thomas Freddy , Jamin Eric , Hammond David 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
An interlaboratory study of the oxygen 18-isotope ratio MS (18O-IRMS) method using water and ethanol for detecting water addition in wines and fruit juices is reported. The measurement of these two parameters constitutes an internal referencing approach contributing to a better detection of a certain kind of adulteration of wines and fruit juices. In this approach, the same initial steps as in the AOAC Official Methods 995.17 and 2004.01 are used to recover pure ethanol: Fruit juices are completely fermented using yeast, and the alcohol is distilled from the fermented juice or from the wine with a quantitative yield (&gt;96%). Then the 18O deviation (δ18O) of ethanol is determined by IRMS. This parameter is compared with the δ18O of water determined by the so-called equilibration procedure using CO2 gas. An interlaboratory study was organized by our laboratory in 2011 to establish performance data for determinations in wines and fruit juices. The study was organized and interpreted according to the guidelines of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry International Harmonized protocol. Thirteen laboratories analyzed five juice materials (two orange, one pineapple, one grape, and one apple) and five wine materials (three red, one white, and one rosé) as blind duplicates. The pooled among-laboratories reproducibility of the method for measuring δ18O in water was found to be 0.8‰ for both wines and fruit juices. The pooled among-laboratories reproducibility of the method for measuring δ18O in ethanol was found to be in the order of 1.0‰ for wine and orange juice, and around 2.2‰ for the other fruit juice types tested.
Calculation of Whey Protein Fraction in Milk-Based Infant Formula: First Action 2012.07
Authors: Jacobs Wesley , Johns Paul , Haselberger Phillip , Thompson Joseph J , Sullivan Darryl , Baugh Steve 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
A method for the calculation of whey protein fraction was developed for milk-based infant formula products, based upon an amino acid ratio calculated from amino acid profile data. Total amino acid data from 21 commercially available (five casein and 16 whey) commodities were used as the reference data from which the calculation model used in the validation study was built. This method has been evaluated for precision (repeatability, intermediate precision) and accuracy on nonfat dry milk and products manufactured with targeted whey levels of 32–63%, including National Institute of Standards and Technology infant formula Standard Reference Material (1849a). Estimates of repeatability were between 0.3 and 2.5% while those for intermediate precision were between 2.6 and 3.4%. Average recovery ranged from 97 to 100%. Additional reference material data are being gathered for better estimation of casein and whey amino acid reference values.
Determining Lectin Specificity from Glycan Array Data Using Motif Segregation and GlycoSearch Software
Authors: Kletter Doron , Cao Zheng , Bern Marshall , Haab Brian 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe glycan array is a powerful tool for investigating the specificities of glycan‐binding proteins. By incubating a glycan‐binding protein on a glycan array, the relative binding to hundreds of different oligosaccharides can be quantified in parallel. Based on these data, much information can be obtained about the preference of a glycan‐binding protein for specific subcomponents of oligosaccharides, or motifs. In many cases, the analysis and interpretation of glycan array data can be time consuming and imprecise if done manually. Recently, GlycoSearch software was developed to facilitate the analysis and interpretation of glycan array data based on two previously developed methods, Motif Segregation and Outlier Motif Analysis. Here, the principles behind this method and the use of this new tool for mining glycan array data are described. The automated, objective, and precise analysis of glycan array data should enhance the value of these data for a broad range of research applications. Curr. Protoc. Chem. Biol. 5:157‐169 © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A New Material for High‐Temperature Lead‐Free Actuators
Authors: Kursumovic Ahmed , Defay Emmanuel , Lee Oon Jew , Tsai Chen‐Fong , Bi Zhenxing , Wang Haiyan , MacManus‐Driscoll Judith L. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractUnimorph cantilevers are made from 0.5BaTiO3‐0.5Sm2O3 (BTO‐SmO) self‐assembled vertical heteroepitaxial nanocomposite thin films, grown by PLD on (001) SrTiO3 single crystal substrates. The films remain piezoelectric up to at least 250 °C without losing any actuation. The longitudinal piezoelectric coefficient, d33, is ≈45 to 50 pm V−1 measured from room temperature to 250 °C. The transverse piezoelectric coefficient, d31, a key parameter of actuator performance, exceeds PZT (Pb1–xZrxTiO3) films at >200 pm V−1. Since the d31 coefficient was found to be positive, this opens up exciting new applications opportunities. The possible reasons for d31 > 0 are discussed in the light of 3D strain control in the nanocomposites.
Injection‐Molding Performance and Mechanical Properties of Blood Meal–Based Thermoplastics
Authors: Adamy Maximilian , Verbeek Casparus J. R. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTProtein‐based thermoplastics offer an attractive alternative to petroleum‐based plastics if their properties allow for large volume production using processes such as injection molding. A fractional factorial design was used to analyze the influence of injection‐molding parameters (melt temperature, tool temperature, injection rate, holding pressure, and cooling time) on the injection‐molding process (maximum injection pressure, injection pressure curve) and mechanical properties (tensile strength, elongation at break, secant modulus) of blood meal–based thermoplastics. Optimal mechanical properties were obtained at higher tool and melt temperatures while the injection rate was unimportant. The most important injection parameter was the holding pressure, which has to be lowered when using a higher melt temperature, which was preferred for better elongation at break. A lower holding pressure also produced moldings with a higher modulus, which could be good for demolding. Blood meal–based thermoplastics behaved mostly like standard thermoplastics, without any significant deviations. Within a workable processing window, its mechanical properties were largely unaffected by processing conditions, but as with any thermoplastic, care must be taken to select the best injection‐molding parameter settings to achieve optimal part quality and high processability. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Technol 2013, 32, 21361; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/adv.21361
An allelic series of Trp63 mutations defines TAp63 as a modifier of EEC syndrome
Authors: Vernersson Lindahl Emma , Garcia Elvin L. , Mills Alea A. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractHuman Ectrodactyly, Ectodermal dysplasia, Clefting (EEC) syndrome is an autosomal dominant developmental disorder defined by limb deformities, skin defects, and craniofacial clefting. Although associated with heterozygous missense mutations in TP63, the genetic basis underlying the variable expressivity and incomplete penetrance of EEC is unknown. Here, we show that mice heterozygous for an allele encoding the Trp63 p.Arg318His mutation, which corresponds to the human TP63 p.Arg279His mutation found in patients with EEC, have features of human EEC. Using an allelic series, we discovered that whereas clefting and skin defects are caused by loss of Trp63 function, limb anomalies are due to gain‐ and/or dominant‐negative effects of Trp63. Furthermore, we identify TAp63 as a strong modifier of EEC‐associated phenotypes with regard to both penetrance and expressivity. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of high‐energy ball milling on the structure and mechanical properties of ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene
Authors: Maksimkin A. V. , Kaloshkin S. D. , Tcherdyntsev V. V. , Chukov D. I. , Shchetinin I. V. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThe structure and properties of ultrahigh‐molecular‐weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) powder after severe deformation processing in a planetary ball mill were studied by means of scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and X‐ray analysis. We found that the severe deformation processing of UHMWPE changed the morphology of the powder and caused amorphization and partial changes in the structure of the crystalline phase. Monolithic samples were obtained from the pretreated polymer with a hot‐pressing method in a wide range of temperatures. The effect of preliminary deformation processing on the mechanical properties of UHMWPE was studied. It was revealed that during monolitization in its melting temperature range, the mechanical properties of the powder increased, whereas the percentage elongation decreased. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 2971–2977, 2013
Epoxy/poly(ɛ‐caprolactone) nanocomposites: Effect of transformations of structure on crystallization
Authors: Kratochvíl Jaroslav , Rotrekl Jakub , Kaprálková Ludmila , Hromádková Jiřina , Kelnar Ivan 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThe influence of morphology of the epoxy/poly(ɛ‐caprolactone) (PCL) system and corresponding nanocomposites with organophilized layered silicate on PCL crystallization was studied by differential scanning calorimetry, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy. The results obtained indicate a significant affecting of nonisothermal PCL crystallization by phase morphology brought about by the reaction‐induced phase separation (RIPS) influenced either by various nanoclay contents or the epoxy/PCL ratio. Dispersed morphology of PCL matrix with epoxy globules induces crystallization at higher temperatures. The inverse dispersed morphology of epoxy matrix with PCL inclusions causes crystallization at lower temperature. The co‐continuous morphology induces crystallization in both steps. Rate of the second crystallization step is substantially higher than that in the first step. No nucleation effect has been found in the nanocomposites with the added nanofiller. Multicomponent samples show retarded crystallization, i.e., lower crystallinities and lower overall crystallization rate compared with neat PCL. The results obtained suggest that it is primarily morphological/interfacial effects that play a decisive role in the crystallization behavior of PCL in the epoxy/PCL/clay system. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 3197–3204, 2013
Pyrene‐doped electrospun PMMA‐PVC fibers for ferric ion detection
Authors: Martwiset Surangkhana , Nijpanich Supinya , Banturngsaksiri Apidech , Sriring Manus , Pandhumas Thidarat , Youngme Sujittra 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTElectrospun fibers for ferric ion (Fe3+) detection were prepared from solutions of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), poly(vinyl chloride‐co‐vinyl acetate‐co‐vinyl alcohol) ((90 : 4 : 6), PVC terpolymer), and pyrene. The effects of PVC terpolymer content (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40% by weight of PMMA) and electrospinning conditions on fiber size and morphology were studied using scanning electron microscopy. Uniform fibers were obtained from all compositions, and fiber sizes slightly increased with PVC terpolymer content. At 40% PVC, fiber breakage and pyrene clusters were observed. The suitable pyrene content in electrospun fibers was found to be 20%. The ratio of fluorescence intensities of fibers with 30% PVC and 20% pyrene before and after (F0/F) immersion in 1.0 mM Fe3+ solution was 1.36. The effect of Fe3+ concentrations (0–5.0 mM) on quenching ability was investigated. An excellent Stern–Volmer quenching relationship was found with KSV of 2.26 × 102M. Fibrous sensor exhibited a highly sensitive response toward Fe3+ over Cu2+, Mg2+, Co2+, Zn2+, Ni2+, and Ag+. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 3205–3211, 2013
Biodegradable polyester‐based heat management materials of interest in refrigeration and smart packaging coatings
Authors: Perez‐Masia Rocio , Lopez‐Rubio Amparo , Fabra Maria Jose , Lagaron Jose Maria 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTIn this study, two biodegradable matrices, polycaprolactone (PCL) and polylactide (PLA) were used to encapsulate for the first time a phase changing material (PCM), specifically dodecane (a paraffin which has a transition temperature at −10°C), through the use of the electrospinning technique with the aim of developing coating materials with energy storage capacity for thermal insulation applications. The encapsulation efficiency obtained using both matrices has been studied and the different morphology, thermal properties, and molecular structure of the materials developed were characterized. Results showed that dodecane can be properly encapsulated inside both biopolymers with a submicron drop size, albeit PCL provides better encapsulation performance. A temperature mismatch between melting and crystallization phenomena (the so‐called supercooling effect) was observed in the encapsulated paraffin, mainly ascribed to the reduced PCM drop size inside the fibers. Addition of dodecanol was seen to best act as a nucleating agent for the PCL/PCM and PLA/PCM structures, allowing a significant amount of heat storage capacity for these systems without supercooling. These innovative ultrathin structured biomaterials are of interest as energy storage systems to advantageously coat or wrap temperature sensitive products in refrigeration equipment and constitute smart food or medical/pharmaceutical packaging. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 3251–3262, 2013
Bioplastics and their thermoplastic blends from Spirulina and Chlorella microalgae
Authors: Zeller Mark Ashton , Hunt Ryan , Jones Alexander , Sharma Suraj 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThis research study focuses on the thermomechanical polymerization of microalgae protein biomass such as Chlorella and Spirulina to develop algal‐based bioplastics and thermoplastic blends. The algal protein biomass can grow on nutrient‐rich wastewater from livestock farms, municipal or industrial effluent sources, remediating the excess nitrogen and phosphorus. The algal bioplastics provide biodegradability that can be tailored to have a wide range of material properties suitable for various applications—consumable and disposable plastic products, agricultural plastic products, and horticultural planting containers. According to experimental results, pressure, temperature, content of plasticizer, and processing time are major variables in polymerization and structure stabilization during the compression molding process of both algal protein biomass and thermoplastic blends containing polyethylene polymer. Chlorella showed better bioplastic behavior than Spirulina microalgae, whereas Spirulina showed better blend performance. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 3263–3275, 2013
A qualitative assessment of long chain branching content in LLDPE, LDPE and their blends via thermorheological analysis
Authors: Dordinejad Abdol Kamal , Jafari Seyed Hassan 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTVarious blend systems having controlled level of long‐chain branching were prepared by melt mixing of different amounts (5, 10, 25, 50, 75, and 90 wt %) of low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) with a linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE). Analysis of the branching structure in the blends as well as in the neat components was carried out via thermorheological method. For this purpose six methods including time–temperature superposition (TTS), Cole–Cole plot, van Gurp–Palmen curve, phase angle (δ) versus reduced frequency curve, and activation energy as a function of the δ were employed. The results of all these methods (except TTS) indicated a complex thermorheological behavior for the neat LLDPE and LLDPE/LDPE blends. The extent of complexity was intensified by increasing LDPE content of the blends. However, using TTS method, Ea(δ) and δ(ω) curves resulted in simple thermorheological behavior for neat LDPE. The simple thermorheological behavior of LDPE having high content of long‐chain branches (LCB) was attributed to small differences in its branch structures. The zero‐shear rate viscosities of all samples deviated from the power‐law equation of linear PEs which confirmed the presence of LCB in all the systems. This study shows that thermorheological assessment can be used as an alternative powerful rheological tool for analysis of the branching structures in PE blends. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 3240–3250, 2013
Structures and properties of closed‐cell polyimide rigid foams
Authors: Wang Leilei , Hu Aijun , Fan Lin , Yang Shiyong 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTClosed‐cell polyimide rigid foams with different Calculated Molecular Weight (Calc'd Mn) and foam density (ρ) have been prepared by thermal foaming of nadimide‐endcapped imideoligomers (NAIO) powder. The NAIO powder was obtained by thermally treating of a PMR poly(amide ester) solution derived from the reaction of diethyl ester of 2,3,3′,4′‐biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (α‐BPDE) and p‐phenylenediamine (p‐PDA) using monoethyl ester of cis‐5‐norbornene‐ endo‐2,3‐dicarboxylic acid (NE) as reactive endcapping agent in ethyl alcohol. Effect of Calc'd Mn and foam density (ρ) on mechanical and thermal properties of the polyimide rigid foams have been systematically investigated. It was found that the thermal foaming properties of NAIO powders were affected by the Calc'd Mn. The appreciate Calc'd Mn could yield polyimide foams with both high closed‐cell content (Cc) (>80%) and outstanding mechanical properties. Moreover, the thermal properties were reduced by increasing of Calc'd Mn and the mechanical properties improved gradually by increasing foam densities. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 3282–3291, 2013
Energy filtered low voltage “in lens detector” SEM and XPS of natural fiber surfaces
Authors: Rasch Ron , Stricher Arthur , Truss Rowan W. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTMost analyses of natural fibers give the average composition of the fiber and not the nature and distribution of surface species present. The nature of the fiber surface is important since it governs interfacial adhesion between fiber and matrix and the transfer of stress to the fiber in composite materials. The surface of caustic treated flax fibers is analyzed using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and a low voltage scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique that uses a filtered in‐lens electron detector. XPS shows that the fiber surface is not composed of a single polymer but is a mixture of materials, probably degraded lignin and hemicellulose and extractives. The SEM technique shows patches of material on the surface with different contrast and this contrast is shown to result from different average atomic number (Z). The variation in surface composition has obvious implication in variable interfacial properties in composites made using natural fibers. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39572.
Evaluation of disposable diaper construction hot melt pressure‐sensitive adhesives using blends of olefinic block copolymer and amorphous polyolefin polymers—Adhesive performance, sprayability, and viscoelastic characteristics
Authors: Raja P. Rajesh , Jones Christopher M. , Seo Kab Sik , Peters Mark A. , Croll Stuart G. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTPressure‐sensitive adhesives (PSAs) used in disposable diaper construction have been formulated using blends of olefinic block copolymer (OBC) and an ethylene–propylene (PE‐PP) amorphous polyolefin (APO) polymer, with three different unsaturated hydrocarbon resins (with varying aromatic content), and also with two different saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon resin (with varying cycloaliphaticity). The viscoelastic properties of theses PSA formulations were studied using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Viscosity profiles at five different temperatures were generated to better understand the application window for the resulting adhesive formulation. Rheology master curves were generated using time–temperature–superposition analysis and correlated with the processability characteristics. Adhesives used in disposable diaper construction were applied between a polyethylene backing and a nonwoven substrate with an air‐assisted spiral spray application technique on an Acumeter Spray Coater. After the adhesive was applied, peel adhesion testing on the samples was performed. It has been observed that the OBC/PE–PP‐based disposable diaper construction PSA has a lower application temperature along with wider tolerance for hydrocarbon resin chemistries, especially for the saturated aliphatic resin‐based PSA formulations. Based on the coating parameters used, it has been learned that the adhesive formulations seem to show a higher shear rate at the nozzle, but Reynolds number calculated indicated no major turbulence occurring at the nozzle during spraying. Very good spray patterns were obtained for the olefinic polymer‐based PSA formulations. Disposable diaper construction article showed good adhesive peel properties, especially for the adhesive formulations containing saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon resin, which were comparable to the SBS‐based control. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 3311–3318, 2013
Stacking‐Induced Diamagnetic/Paramagnetic Conversion of Imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridin‐2(3 H)‐one Derivatives: Near‐Infrared Absorption and Magnetic Properties in the Solid State
Authors: Yong Guoping , Zhang Xuerui , Zhao Yumei , She Wenlong 
Published: June 2013

AbstractHerein, we present three imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridin‐2(3 H)‐one derivatives that are diamagnetic in solution, but paramagnetic in the solid state, possibly owing to a stacking‐induced formation of phenoxide‐type radicals. Notably, a larger bathochromic shift of the absorption (even up to the near‐ infrared region) of these three compounds was observed in the solid state than in solution, which was attributable to the ordered columnar stacking arrangements or their single‐electron character as radicals in the solid state. Interestingly, compared to that in solution, (E)‐3‐(pyridin‐4′‐ylmethylene)imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine 2(3 H)‐one displayed a largely red‐shifted emission (centered at 660 nm, with tailing above 800 nm) in the solid state. A larger bathochromic shift (260 nm) of the emission is an indication of better order and tight stacking in the solid state, which is brought about by the rigid and polar acceptor. These three compounds also reveal different magnetic susceptibilities at 300 K, thus implying that they possess various columnar stacking structures. Most interestingly, these three radicals exhibit unusual ferromagnetic‐to‐antiferromagnetic phase transitions, which can be attributed to anisotropic contraction and non‐uniform slippage of the columnar stacking chains.