bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infection in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Curtis Roxana 
Published: December 2014

Catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the intensive care unit, contributing to prolonged stay with the associated cost and resource implications. Various mechanisms of infection have been suggested, and consequently, numerous interventions to reduce the burden of infection have been proposed, the efficacy of most of which remains controversial. The practice of routine catheter change and preferential use of the subclavian vein insertion site are both associated with an increased risk of mechanical complications, which may outweigh any potential benefit. Additionally, the use of silver- and antiseptic-impregnated catheters, of questionable benefit in the ICU patient population, is also argued to be unjustified in terms of efficacy and cost. A small scale study in a London university district general hospital ICU found that while infection rates were low, the majority of infections were caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis and thus were probably a result of contamination either from the patient's commensal flora or acquired by contamination from healthcare workers. In accordance with published findings, this suggests that preventing contamination will decrease infection rates. Strict aseptic technique and the use of sterile fields during insertion are most likely the main contributors in reducing rates of infection. This together with education of staff across disciplines and adherence to local guidelines are likely to be the mainstays of reducing CRBSI in the ICU.
‘Open-lung’ Ventilation Strategies and Acute Lung Injury (ALI)/Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
Authors: Brett Michael J 
Published: December 2014

An ‘open-lung’ ventilation strategy that includes low tidal volumes, recruitment manoeuvres and high levels of PEEP does not reduce hospital mortality in patients with acute lung injury or acute respiratory distress syndrome Level of evidence: 1+ (RCT with a low risk of bias)
Intensity of Renal Replacement Therapy: Effects on Mortality and Renal Recovery
Authors: Hornsby Jamie 
Published: December 2014

This flawed meta-analysis suggests that in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) there is no difference in mortality or renal recovery when comparing high intensity continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) or intermittent haemodialysis (IHD) (effluent flow rate 35–48 mL/kg/hr or equivalent) vs lower intensity CRRT or IHD (effluent flow rate 20–25 mL/kg/hr or equivalent) strategies. Level of evidence: 1− (Meta-analysis with a high risk of bias)
Automated External Defibrillators for Cardiac Arrests in Hospitals
Authors: Garry David 
Published: December 2014

The use of automated external defibrillators (AEDs) instead of manual defibrillators after in-hospital cardiac arrest on general wards was associated with lower survival rates among patients with an initial rhythm that was nonshockable. Patients with an initial rhythm that was shockable showed no association between outcome and AED use. Level of evidence: 2B (individual cohort study)
Efficacy and Safety of Regional Citrate Anticoagulation in Critically Ill Patients Undergoing Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy
Authors: Sheehan James , Ezra Martyn 
Published: December 2014

A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials comparing regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA) to control anticoagulation for haemofiltration revealed that citrate anticoagulation is effective at maintaining circuit patency and reducing the risk of bleeding during haemofiltration. The use of regional citrate anticoagulation also prolongs the haemofiltration circuit life, but this result is not significant when compared to the use of heparin. There was however, marked heterogeneity between trials reported. Level of evidence: 1- (Meta-analysis with a high risk of bias)
Military Application of Tranexamic Acid in Trauma Emergency Resuscitation Study
Authors: Ghazi Saud , Pierson Richard , Torlinski Tomasz 
Published: December 2014

In this retrospective observational study, the addition of tranexamic acid (TXA) to blood component based resuscitation following combat injury showed improvement in measures of coagulopathy and survival, a benefit that was most prominent in those patients requiring massive transfusion. Level of evidence: 2B
Out-of-Hospital CPAP in the Treatment of Cardiogenic Pulmonary Oedema
Authors: Oliver Charles M , Narayanan Madan 
Published: December 2014

This small multicentre randomised study supports the early institution of CPAP in individuals with cardiogenic pulmonary oedema (CPE). Those in whom CPAP was started alongside medical treatment in a pre-hospital setting were less likely to deteriorate in the first 48 hours when compared with medical treatment alone. Level of evidence: 2B (CEBM 2011)
Defective release of α granule and lysosome contents from platelets in mouse Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome models
Authors: Meng Ronghua , Wu Jie , Harper Dawn C. , Wang Yuhuan , Kowalska M. Anna , Abrams Charles S. , Brass Lawrence F. , Poncz Mortimer , Stalker Timothy J. , Marks Michael S. 
Published: December 2014

Key PointsPlatelets from Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome models are less apt to secrete contents of multiple storage granules at sites of vascular injury. The secretion defect contributes to poor hemostasis and perhaps to heightened colitis incidence in Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome patients.
A robust fusion method for multiview distributed video coding
Authors: Salmistraro Matteo , Ascenso João , Brites Catarina , Forchhammer Søren 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Distributed video coding (DVC) is a coding paradigm which exploits the redundancy of the source (video) at the decoder side, as opposed to predictive coding, where the encoder leverages the redundancy. To exploit the correlation between views, multiview predictive video codecs require the encoder to have the various views available simultaneously. However, in multiview DVC (M-DVC), the decoder can still exploit the redundancy between views, avoiding the need for inter-camera communication. The key element of every DVC decoder is the side information (SI), which can be generated by leveraging intra-view or inter-view redundancy for multiview video data. In this paper, a novel learning-based fusion technique is proposed, which is able to robustly fuse an inter-view SI and an intra-view (temporal) SI. An inter-view SI generation method capable of identifying occluded areas is proposed and is coupled with a robust fusion system able to improve the quality of the fused SI along the decoding process through a learning process using already decoded data. We shall here take the approach to fuse the estimated distributions of the SIs as opposed to a conventional fusion algorithm based on the fusion of pixel values. The proposed solution is able to achieve gains up to 0.9 dB in Bjøntegaard difference when compared with the best-performing (in a RD sense) single SI DVC decoder, chosen as the best of an inter-view and a temporal SI-based decoder one.
Late Pleistocene fossils and the future distribution of Rana temporaria (Amphibia, Anura) along the Apennine Peninsula (Italy)
Authors: Bartolini Saverio , Cioppi Elisabetta , Rook Lorenzo , Delfino Massimo 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

Background
The effect of past climatic changes on the distribution of organisms is a fertile field of research that has been tackled in many different ways. Because the fossil record provides direct access to the chronological and geographic dimensions of biological events occurred in the past, it can be a useful tool for assessing range contractions and expansions related to climatic changes.

Results
Here, we provide support for the ‘recent’ shrinkage of the range of a frigophilous anuran, the common frog, Rana temporaria Linnaeus, 1758, by analyzing the amphibian fossil assemblage coming from the Grotta di Equi, a Late Pleistocene site (about 45 ka) located in the Apuan Alps (northern Apennine chain, Massa-Carrara Province, Italy). Besides, R. temporaria, the assemblage includes cf. Salamandra salamandra Linnaeus, 1758 and Bufo bufo Linnaeus, 1758.

Conclusions
The presence of R. temporaria in the Apuan Alps during a cold interglacial phase at an elevation that is much lower than the minimum current elevation in the region (about 300 m lower) supports the previously reported hypothesis that the Pleistocene coolings favored the dispersal of this frigophilous species along the Apennine chain and that its current, locally disjointed distribution is the effect of the post Pleistocene raise in temperature. Our results concur in predicting that the current global warming will further affect, negatively, the range of this frigophilous species by further reducing its distribution in the southern sectors of its range.
Calcium-Vitamin D Cosupplementation Influences Circulating Inflammatory Biomarkers and Adipocytokines in Vitamin D-Insufficient Diabetics: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Tabesh Maryam , Azadbakht Leila , Faghihimani Elham , Tabesh Marjan , Esmaillzadeh Ahmad 
Published: December 2014

Context:
To the best of our knowledge, no study has examined the effects of vitamin D-calcium cosupplementation on inflammatory biomarkers and adipocytokines in vitamin D-insufficient type 2 diabetics.

Objective:
This study was performed to assess the effects of vitamin D and calcium supplementation on inflammatory biomarkers and adipocytokines in vitamin D-insufficient people with type 2 diabetes.

Methods:
Totally, 118 diabetic patients were enrolled in this randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. After matching for age, sex, body mass index, type and dose of hypoglycemic agents, and duration of diabetes, subjects were randomly assigned into 4 groups receiving the following: 1) 50000 IU/wk vitamin D + calcium placebo; 2) 1000 mg/d calcium + vitamin D placebo; 3) 50 000 IU/wk vitamin D + 1000 mg/d calcium; or 4) vitamin D placebo + calcium placebo for 8 weeks. Blood sampling was done for the quantification of inflammatory biomarkers and adipocytokines at the study baseline and after 8 weeks of intervention.

Results:
Calcium (changes from baseline: −75±19 ng/ml, P = .01) and vitamin D alone (−56 ± 19 ng/mL, P = .01) and joint calcium-vitamin D supplementation (−92 ± 19 ng/mL, P = .01) resulted in a significant reduction in serum leptin levels compared with placebo (−9 ± 18 ng/mL). This was also the case for serum IL-6, such that calcium (−2 ± 1 pg/mL, P &lt; .001) and vitamin D alone (−4 ± 1 pg/mL, P &lt; .001) and their combination (−4 ± 1 pg/mL, P &lt; .001) led to significant reductions compared with placebo (3 ± 1 pg/mL). After adjustment for potential confounders, individuals in the calcium (−3.1 ± 1.3, P &lt; .05), vitamin D (−3.1 ± 1.3, P &lt; .05), and joint calcium-vitamin D groups (−3.4 ± 1.3, P &lt; .05) had greater reductions in serum TNF-α concentrations compared with placebo (0.1 ± 1.2). Individuals who received joint calcium-vitamin D supplements tended to have a decrease in serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels compared with placebo after controlling for baseline levels (−1.14 ± 0.25 vs 0.02 ± 0.24 ng/mL, P = .09).

Conclusion:
Joint calcium-vitamin D supplementation might improve systemic inflammation through decreasing IL-6 and TNF-α concentrations in vitamin D-insufficient people with type 2 diabetes.
One-pot Hydrothermal Synthesis of N-Doped Carbon Quantum Dots Using the Waste of Shrimp for Hydrogen Evolution from Formic Acid
Authors: Wei Jie , Wang Hongzhi , Zhang Qinghong , Li Yaogang 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
N-Doped carbon quantum dots (NCQDs) have been successfully synthesized from the waste of shrimp without additional nitrogen source under mild conditions. The as-synthesized NCQDs with an average diameter of 2.5 nm show that fluorescence has excitation-wavelength-dependent capability. NCQDs show strong absorption (200 nm &lt; λ &lt; 1000 nm) under sunlight which enable it have wide absorption spectrum. Under sunlight irradiation, photocatalyst test proved that NCDQs can evolve hydrogen at different concentration of formic acid (FA). Such low cost and environment friendly material may greatly encourage the application of FA as a hydrogen evolution resource.
Formation of Elastic Gels from Deacetylated Chitin Nanofibers Reinforced with Sulfobutyl Ether β-Cyclodextrin
Authors: Anraku Makoto , Iohara Daisuke , Hiraga Ayumu , Uekama Kaneto , Ifuku Shinsuke , Pipkin James D , Hirayama Fumitoshi 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
We prepared a gel starting from deacetylated chitin nanofibers by utilizing electrostatic interactions with an anionic cyclodextrin, sulfobutyl ether β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CyD). Among the various CyDs tested and their derivatives, SBE-β-CyD formed a stiff, nonfluid elastic gel that can be easily formed into a variety of shapes, whereas other gels prepared from neutral CyDs formed a weak, rather fluid gel. The viscosity of the deacetylated chitin nanofiber/SBE-β-CyD gel was higher by about one order of magnitude at a 1.0 w/v % concentration of SBE-β-CyD. Both the elastic (G′) and viscous (G′′) moduli of the deacetylated chitin-nanofiber gel increased in the presence of SBE-β-CyD, and the G′ values were much higher than the G′′ values. The SBE-β-CyD functioned to reinforce the deacetylated chitin nanofiber gel, by anchoring the fibers into a three-dimensional network through electrostatic interactions.
Novel Phosphorescent Platinum(II) Dipyrido[3,2-a:2′,3′-c]phenazine Bis(acetylide) Complexes Bearing Electron-donating Side-arms at the 2,7-Positions
Authors: Shigehiro Tatsuya , Kawai Yasuhiro , Yagi Shigeyuki , Maeda Takeshi , Nakazumi Hiroyuki , Sakurai Yoshiaki 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Novel phosphorescent dipyrido[3,2-a:2′,3′-c]phenazine (dppz) platinum(II) bis(phenylacetylide) complexes bearing electron-donating side-arms at the 2,7-positions were synthesized, and their photoluminescence properties were investigated. These complexes afforded relatively intense phosphorescence in the reddish orange region, although the 10,13-disubstituted analogous complex exhibited fluorescence in almost the same region. The TD-DFT study indicated that the strong π-based donors at the 2,7-positions are essential to form the emissive triplet state.
Plant diversification in the Espinhaço Range: Insights from the biogeography of Minaria (Apocynaceae)
Authors: Ribeiro Patricia Luz , Rapini Alessandro , Damascena Leilton S. , van den Berg Cássio 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe Espinhaço Range, eastern Brazil, is a region with remarkable floristic diversity and endemism, which are mainly concentrated in the campo rupestre. Minaria (Apocynaceae) is a genus with 21 species, most of which are endemic to the Espinhaço Range. In the present study, we investigated the biogeography of Minaria as the basis for understanding the origin and maintenance of plant diversity and endemism in the campo rupestre of the Espinhaço Range. We assessed the ecological divergence between clades, reconstructed the historical biogeography and dated the phylogeny of Minaria based on plastid and nuclear DNA. According to our estimates, Minaria arose in the Espinhaço Range during the Neogene. Its distribution is postulated to have been driven by a trend toward long‐term retraction, interrupted by a few episodes of expansion. Ecologically, Minaria species do not present any obvious innovations that could explain their diversification by adaptive radiation. Apparently, the higher‐altitude rocky savannas in the Espinhaço Range have offered stable environments in which dry seasons and fire regimes are less intense than in savannas at lower altitudes. Isolated on rocky outcrops, lineages would be more likely to differentiate by non‐adaptive radiation, which may result in high plant diversity and endemism.
The correct author citation of the combination Eriolaena quinquelocularis (Malvaceae: Dombeyoideae) and typification of its basionym
Authors: Dorr Laurence J. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA combination in Eriolaena DC. based on Microchlaena quinquelocularis Wight & Arn. has been attributed erroneously to at least three different authors, but it is established here that a fourth author heretofore overlooked, Heber Drury, validly published the combination in 1864. A lectotype is selected for M. quinquelocularis.
A decade of uncertainty: Resolving the phylogenetic position of Diclinanona (Annonaceae), including taxonomic notes and a key to the species
Authors: Erkens Roy H.J. , Chatrou Lars W. , Chaowasku Tanawat , Westra Lubbert Y.Th. , Maas Jan W. , Maas Paul J.M. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe molecular phylogenetic placement of Diclinanona (Annonaceae) has been debated in the literature for a decade. On the basis of morphological studies the genus was thought to be related to genera now all placed in subfam. Annonoideae. This early hypothesis was supported by the first phylogenetic analyses of Annonaceae. However, more recently a placement in subfam. Malmeoideae was hypothesised based on an analysis of more plastid data, thus contradicting older but also new morphological findings and previous phylogenetic work. The current study uses newly sequenced plastid data for two species of Diclinanona to show that the earlier hypothesised placement was correct and discusses the (little) anatomical and morphological data on Diclinanona that is available in a phylogenetic framework. Furthermore, an online revision of the three species of Diclinanona is presented in order to update the taxonomic knowledge of this genus.
Integrating DNA barcode data in a monographic study of Convolvulus
Authors: Williams Bethany R.M. , Mitchell Thomas C. , Wood John R.I. , Harris David J. , Scotland Robert W. , Carine Mark A. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe stage at which DNA sequence data is incorporated into the taxonomic process and the extent of its contribution has been much discussed, but rarely in the context of assembling a taxonomic revision or monograph of a sizeable group of organisms. We present a new approach, the “foundation monograph”, which incorporates DNA sequence data into a large taxonomic study in a fast and pragmatic way, thereby overhauling the taxonomy of species‐rich, problematic plant groups. In this pilot study we focus on Convolvulus and use this group to exemplify how DNA barcode data can be utilised in the production of a “foundation monograph”. DNA was extracted from 310 accessions, representing 140 species, most of which (285) were herbarium specimens. Samples were sequenced for the proposed plant barcoding markers rbcL, matK and ITS. Sequencing success for each marker was 74%, 49% and 63% respectively. Of the 189 species of Convolvulus recognized to date, 74% (140 species) were sampled and 68% (128 species) were successfully sequenced for at least one region. Specimen age did not impact sequencing success except in the case of matK, the longest region. Eighty percent of the species sampled exhibited combined rbcL + matK barcodes not shared with another species. The addition of ITS increased this proportion to 99%. Phylogenetic analyses of the chloroplast (152 accessions representing 90 Convolvulus species) and nuclear (200 accessions representing 112 Convolvulus species) datasets both resulted in a well‐resolved and well‐supported topology, and revealed four main clades with strong geographical signal. Convolvulus appeared as paraphyletic with respect to Calystegia. Species limits of eight species complexes in which morphological delimitation proved difficult and for which multiple accessions were obtained were evaluated using the phylogenetic framework as a basis. Our study highlights the utility of herbarium specimens as a source of material for DNA extractions as well as the utility of DNA barcode data in the production of a “foundation monograph”, while also providing a robust, well‐sampled and well‐supported framework within which generic relationships, character evolution and biogeography can be investigated.
Dose- and time-dependent effects of triamcinolone acetonide on human rotator cuff-derived cells
Authors: Harada Y. , Kokubu T. , Mifune Y. , Inui A. , Sakata R. , Muto T. , Takase F. , Kurosaka M. 
Published: December 2014

Objectives To investigate the appropriate dose and interval for the administration of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) in treating tendinopathy to avoid adverse effects such as tendon degeneration and rupture. Methods Human rotator cuff-derived cells were cultured using three media: regular medium (control), regular medium with 0.1 mg/mL of TA (low TA group), and with 1.0 mg/mL of TA (high TA group). The cell morphology, apoptosis, and viability were assessed at designated time points. Results In the low TA group, the cells became flattened and polygonal at seven days then returned to normal at 21 days. The cell apoptosis ratio and messenger ribonucleic acid expression of caspase-3, 7, 8, and 9 increased, and viability was reduced in the low and high groups at seven days. In the low TA group, apoptosis and viability returned to normal at 21 days, however, in the high TA group, the cell morphology, apoptosis ratio, caspase-3, 7, 8, and 9 and viability did not return by day 21. Re-administration was performed in the low TA group at 7-, 14-, and 21-day intervals, and cell viability did not return to the control level at the 7- and 14-day intervals. Conclusion A 0.1 mg/mL dose of TA temporarily decreased cell viability and increased cell apoptosis, which was recovered at 21 days, however, 1 mg/mL of TA caused irreversible damage to cell morphology and viability. An interval > three weeks was needed to safely re-administer TA. These findings may help determine the appropriate dose and interval for TA injection therapy. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2014;3:328–34.
Effect of Different Extenders and Storage Periods on Motility and Fertility of Ram Sperm
Authors: Stefanov Rossen Georgiev , Anev Georgi , Abadjieva Desislava Vasileva 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The aim of this study was to test the effect of extenders containing different sugar in their composition on ram sperm motility and pregnancy rate of ewe’s following artificial insemination. Semen were collected from ten North-east Bulgarian fine-fleece breed and tested for quality. Semen was diluted with different extenders, with di- and trisaccharides. A series of experiments were repeated in triplicate. Total motility was determined by using Sperm Analysis (SCA, Microptic, Spain). A total of 200 North-east Bulgarian fine-fleece breed mature ewes were used for cervical insemination with a sperm dose at the concentration of 100 × 106 spermatozoa. Pregnancies were diagnosed 60 days after AI by - a real-time ultrasonic scan device (Alloka SSD 500). In conclusion, our experiments demonstrated that higher sperm motility after storage at 4°C for 24 hours and 48 hours has a ram spermatozoa diluted with extender 1, with combination of disaccharides (sucrose and lactose) and trisaccharides (rafinosa). This semen extender (number 1) can be used for successful insemination of ewes and to enhance pregnancy rate after artificial insemination.
Der Digitale Assistent: Halbautomatisches Verfahren der Sacherschließung in der Zentralbibliothek Zürich
Authors: Malits Andrea , Schäuble Peter 
Published: December 2014

Zusammenfassung
Seit Juni 2013 ist der Digitale As­sistent in den Workflow der Erschließungsprozesse der Zentralbibliothek Zürich integriert. Das System des Di­gitalen Assistenten kombiniert automatisch unterstützte Prozesse und intellektuelle Sacherschließung: Es werden Schlagwortvorschläge generiert, die danach intellektuell von den Fachreferenten überprüft werden. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird die Entwicklung des Digitalen Assis­tenten im Kontext der Praxis der Sacherschließung im Allgemeinen und in der Zentralbibliothek Zürich im Speziellen skizziert. Im Anschluss werden die unterschied­lichen Prozesse der Datenverarbeitung des Systems näher erläutert, sodann wird auf Basis von Statistiken ein erstes Resümee gezogen. Ausführungen zu technischen Spezifikationen runden den Bericht ab.