bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Passive and specific targeting of lymph nodes: the influence of the administration route
Authors: Pitorre Marion , Bastiat Guillaume , dit Chatel Elodie Marie , Benoit Jean-Pierre 
Published: April 2015

AbstractPatients diagnosed with an advanced-stage cancer present a dismal prognosis due to the presence of metastases. From the primary tumor, the cancer cells are disseminated via lymphatic circulation; metastases develop initially in lymph nodes. Therefore, the targeting of lymph nodes needs to be improved in the design of future chemotherapy, and one way to ensure this targeting is by using the subcutaneous (SC) route. Using lipid nanocapsules (LNCs) (40 nm and fluorescently-labeled with DiD) as nanocarriers, a correlation between the SC injection site (behind the neck, the right and left flanks, and above the tail) for LNC administration and specific lymph node accumulation (left and right cervical, axillary and inguinal lymph nodes) was achieved for Sprague-Dawley rats. The pharmacokinetic and biodistribution profiles confirmed the absence of LNCs in systemic circulation after SC administration due to the optimal size of the LNCs. With appropriate SC administration, LNCs can accumulate in specific lymph nodes, whereas IV administration led to a weak accumulation of LNCs in all lymph nodes. Specific accumulation followed the lymph flow: bottom-up from the lower to upper limbs and top down from the head, with two lymph circulation partitions: right upper limb and the rest. Administration above the tail presented high inguinal and axillary lymph node accumulation whereas weak accumulation was observed after administration behind the neck. LNCs administered in the left flank only accumulated in the left inguinal and axillary lymph nodes, whereas left and right inguinal and axillary lymph nodes presented accumulation after administration in the right flank. Cervical lymph nodes, in the opposite direction of lymph flow, were never targeted after SC administration, whatever the injection site.
Evaluation of resin-enamel interface micromorphology in respect of different Er,Cr:YSGG laser parameters
Authors: Ayar Muhammet Kerim 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackground and objective:Enamel irradiation with an erbium,chromium:yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser has been reported to cause micromorphological alterations within resin-enamel interfaces and subsurface enamel. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different output power/pulse repetition rate parameter combinations of Er,Cr:YSGG laser on the micromorphology of resin-enamel interfaces and subsurface enamel.Materials and methods:Thirty-five bovine incisors were used in the present study. Er,Cr:YSGG laser was used on enamel with different output power/pulse repetition rate parameter combinations as follows: 6 W/20 Hz, 6 W/35 Hz, 6 W/50 Hz, 3 W/20 Hz, 3 W/35 Hz, 3 W/50 Hz. Following adhesive and composite procedures, specimens were sectioned and either acid-etched with 37% phosphoric acid for 1 min or immersed in 55% nitric acid for 12 h. Then the resin-enamel interfaces were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).Results:Micromorphological findings by SEM revealed that when enamel surfaces were irradiated with all 6-W groups and 3 W/20 Hz-combinations, large resin structures indicating subsurface microcracks were generally evident within interfaces and subsurface enamel. However, when irradiated with 3 W/35 Hz and 3 W/50 Hz-combinations, the observed resin-enamel interfaces were similar to those of the acid-etched only group.Conclusion:Deploying Er,Cr:YSGG laser with lower power and high pulse repetition rate combinations may reduce damage to resin-enamel interfaces and subsurface enamel. However, assessment of the relationship between these findings and bond strength requires further study.
Revisiting reflexive archaeology at Çatalhöyük: integrating digital and 3D technologies at the trowel's edge
Authors: Berggren Åsa , Dell’Unto Nicolo , Forte Maurizio , Haddow Scott , Hodder Ian , Issavi Justine , Lercari Nicola , Mazzucato Camilla , Mickel Allison , Taylor James S. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Sembiran and Pacung on the north coast of Bali: a strategic crossroads for early trans-Asiatic exchange
Authors: Calo Ambra , Prasetyo Bagyo , Bellwood Peter , Lankton James W. , Gratuze Bernard , Pryce Thomas Oliver , Reinecke Andreas , Leusch Verena , Schenk Heidrun , Wood Rachel , Bawono Rochtri A. , Gede I Dewa Kompiang , Yuliati Ni L.K. Citha , Fenner Jack , Reepmeyer Christian , Castillo Cristina , Carter Alison K. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Sigh and Eupnea Rhythmogenesis Involve Distinct Interconnected Subpopulations: A Combined Computational and Experimental Study
Authors: Toporikova Natalia , Chevalier Marc , Thoby-Brisson Muriel 
Published: April 2015

AbstractNeural networks control complex motor outputs by generating several rhythmic neuronal activities, often with different time scales. One example of such a network is the pre-Bötzinger complex respiratory network (preBötC) that can simultaneously generate fast, small-amplitude, monophasic eupneic breaths together with slow, high-amplitude, biphasic augmented breaths (sighs). However, the underlying rhythmogenic mechanisms for this bimodal discharge pattern remain unclear, leaving two possible explanations: the existence of either reconfiguring processes within the same network or two distinct subnetworks. Based on recentin vitrodata obtained in the mouse embryo, we have built a computational model consisting of two compartments, interconnected through appropriate synapses. One compartment generates sighs and the other produces eupneic bursts. The model reproduces basic features of simultaneous sigh and eupnea generation (two types of bursts differing in terms of shape, amplitude, and frequency of occurrence) and mimics the effect of blocking glycinergic synapses. Furthermore, we used this model to make predictions that were subsequently tested on the isolated preBötC in mouse brainstem slice preparations. Through a combination ofin vitroandin silicoapproaches we find that (1) sigh events are less sensitive to network excitability than eupneic activity, (2) calcium-dependent mechanisms and theIhcurrent play a prominent role in sigh generation, and (3) specific parameters ofIhactivation set the low sensitivity to excitability in the sigh neuronal subset. Altogether, our results strongly support the hypothesis that distinct subpopulations within the preBötC network are responsible for sigh and eupnea rhythmogenesis.
Betatrophin levels are increased in women with gestational diabetes mellitus compared to healthy pregnant controls
Authors: Ebert Thomas , Kralisch Susan , Wurst Ulrike , Lössner Ulrike , Kratzsch Jürgen , Blüher Matthias , Stumvoll Michael , Tönjes Anke , Fasshauer Mathias 
Published: April 2015

ObjectiveBetatrophin has recently been introduced as a novel adipokine/hepatokine, which promotes pancreatic β cell proliferation and improves glucose tolerance in several mouse models of insulin resistance. However, regulation of betatrophin in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), as well as its association with markers of obesity, such as glucose and lipid metabolism, inflammation, and renal function, have not been elucidated.Design and methodsCirculating betatrophin was quantified in 74 women with GDM and 74 healthy and gestational age-matched controls by ELISA. In a subset of the study population comprising of 85 patients (41 previous controls, 44 previous women with GDM),postpartumbetatrophin levels were measured in a follow-up study.ResultsMedian (interquartile range) serum betatrophin levels were higher in women with GDM (1.79 (0.53) μg/l) as compared to non-diabetic pregnant controls (1.58 (0.44) μg/l) (P=0.002). In multivariate analysis, GDM status was an independent and positive predictor of circulating betatrophin (P=0.001). Furthermore, betatrophin levels were significantly higher during gestation (1.70 (0.53) μg/l) as compared topostpartumlevels (1.55 (0.66) μg/l) (P=0.028). Moreover,postpartumirisin remained a positive and independent predictor ofpostpartumbetatrophin concentrations.ConclusionsWomen with GDM have significantly higher betatrophin levels as compared to healthy pregnant controls and GDM status positively predicts circulating betatrophin. Furthermore,postpartumlevels are significantly lower as compared to betatrophin concentrations during pregnancy. Moreover, irisin is a significant predictor ofpostpartumbetatrophin levels.
The Expanding Genetic Toolbox of the Wasp Nasonia vitripennis and Its Relatives
Authors: Lynch Jeremy A 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The parasitoid wasp Nasonia represents a genus of four species that is emerging as a powerful genetic model system that has made and will continue to make important contributions to our understanding of evolutionary biology, development, ecology, and behavior. Particularly powerful are the haplodiploid genetics of the system, which allow some of the advantages of microbial genetics to be applied to a complex multicellular eukaryote. In addition, fertile, viable hybrids can be made among the four species in the genus. This makes Nasonia exceptionally well suited for evolutionary genetics approaches, especially when combined with its haploid genetics and tractability in the laboratory. These features are complemented by an expanding array of genomic, transcriptomic, and functional resources, the application of which has already made Nasonia an important model system in such emerging fields as evolutionary developmental biology and microbiomics. This article describes the genetic and genomic advantages of Nasonia wasps and the resources available for their genetic analysis.
Microorganisms Concrete Interactions
Authors: Rendon Diaz Miron Luis E. , Lara Magaña Maria E. , Lara Montserrat Rendon 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTConcrete structures exposed to aggressive aqueous media (waste water, soft water, fresh water, ground water, sea water, agricultural or agro-industrial environments), due to their porous nature, are susceptible to a variety of degradation processes resulting from the ingress and/or presence of water. In addition to chemical and physical degradation processes, the presence of water contributes to undesirable changes in the material properties resulting from the activities of living organisms, i.e. biodeterioration. Since microorganisms are ubiquitous in almost every habitat and possess an amazingly diversified metabolic versatility, their presence on building materials is quite normal often, they can infer deterioration that can be detrimental (loss of alkalinity, erosion, spalling of the concrete skin, corrosion of rebar’s, loss of water- or air tightness…). The deleterious effect of microorganisms, mainly bacteria and fungi, on the cementitious matrix has been found to be linked, on the one hand, with the production of aggressive metabolites (acids, CO2, sulfur compounds, etc.) but also, on the other hand, with some specific, physical and chemical effects of the microorganisms themselves through the formation of biofilm on the surface. Moreover, the intrinsic properties of the cementitious matrix (porosity, roughness, mineralogical and/or chemical composition) can also influence the biofilm characteristics, but these phenomena have not been understood thoroughly as of yet. Nonetheless, a serious review about understanding interactions between cementitious materials and microorganisms has been reported [1].These deteriorations lead to a significant increase in the cost of repairing structures and to loss of production income, but may also lead to pollution issues resulting, for example, from waste water leakage to the environment. Also, building facades, and notably concrete external walls, can be affected by biological stains, which alter aesthetical quality of the construction, sometimes very quickly, and lead to significant cleaning costs. Microorganisms, mainly algae, responsible for these alterations have been quite well identified. Research is now rather focused on determining colonization mechanisms, and notably influencing material-related factors, and on development of preventive or curative, and preferentially environmentally friendly, solutions to protect external walls. However, up to now, no clear results about the efficiency of these various protection solutions are available.
Immuno-compatibility of desaminotyrosine and desaminotyrosyl tyrosine functionalized star-shaped oligo(ethylene glycol)s with different molecular weights
Authors: Roch Toralf , Julich-Gruner Konstanze K. , Neffe Axel T. , Ma Nan , Lendlein Andreas 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTPolymer-based therapeutic strategies require biomaterials with properties and functions tailored to the demands of specific applications leading to an increasing number of newly designed polymers. For the evaluation of those new materials, comprehensive biocompatibility studies including cyto-, tissue-, and immunocompatibility are essential. Recently, it could be demonstrated that star-shaped amino oligo(ethylene glycol)s (sOEG) with a number average molecular weight of 5 kDa and functionalized with the phenol-derived moieties desaminotyrosine (DAT) or desaminotyrosyl tyrosine (DATT) behave in aqueous solution like surfactants without inducing a substantial cytotoxicity, which may qualify them as solubilizer for hydrophobic drugs in aqueous solution. However, for biomedical applications the polymer solutions need to be free of immunogenic contaminations, which could result from inadequate laboratory environment or contaminated starting material. Furthermore, the materials should not induce uncontrolled or undesired immunological effects arising from material intrinsic properties. Therefore, a comprehensive immunological evaluation as perquisite for application of each biomaterial batch is required. This study investigated the immunological properties of sOEG-DAT(T) solutions, which were prepared using sOEG with number average molecular weights of 5 kDa, 10 kDa, and 20 kDa allowing analyzing the influence of the sOEG chain lengths on innate immune mechanisms. A macrophage-based assay was used to first demonstrate that all DAT(T)-sOEG solutions are free of endotoxins and other microbial contaminations such as fungal products. In the next step, the capacity of the different DAT(T)-functionalized sOEG solutions to induce cytokine secretion and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was investigated using whole human blood. It was observed that low levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin(IL)-1β and IL-6 were detected for all sOEG solutions but only when used at concentrations above 250 µg·mL-1. Furthermore, only the 20 kDa sOEG-DAT induced low amounts of ROS-producing monocytes. Conclusively, the data indicate that the materials were not contaminated with microbial products and do not induce substantial immunological adverse effectsin vitro,which is a prerequisite for future biological applications.
Evaluation of Sorption Behavior of Iodide Ions on Calcium Silicate Hydrate and Hydrotalcite
Authors: Chida Taiji , Furuya Jun , Niibori Yuichi , Mimura Hitoshi 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThe migration retardation of anionic radionuclides, notably I-129, in radioactive waste repositories is one of the most critical factors for improving the performance of engineered barriers. To gain more fundamental knowledge required to make such improvements, this study examined the sorption behavior of iodide ions on calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) and hydrotalcite (HT), which act as anion exchangers. CSH was synthesized using CaO and fumed silica, with Ca/Si molar ratios ranging from 0.4 to 1.6. The weight ratio of CSH to HT was 1.0. These solid samples were immersed for 14 days in a 30 mL sample of pure water or 0.6 M NaCl solution, each of which contained 0.5 mM iodide ions with a given liquid/solid weight ratio (10, 15, or 20). Raman spectroscopy studies indicated that the structures of CSH and HT were maintained during the hydration of the solid phase and the sorption of iodide ions. The distribution coefficients for the sorption of iodide ions on CSH and HT ranged from 6 to 13 L/kg for pure water and from 1 to 2 L/kg for NaCl solution. These retardation effects for iodide ions would contribute toward improving the performance of the repository system as most conventional safety assessments assume that iodide ions hardly sorb on engineered barriers such as cementitious materials.
New Perspectives in Monitoring the Flame Synthesis of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Addressing Solid and Gas-Phase Diagnostics Challenges
Authors: Rahinov Igor , Poliak Marina , Fomin Alexey , Tsionsky Vladimir , Cheskis Sergey 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTSeveral techniques for in-situ monitoring and characterization of flame synthesized nanoparticles are described with the goal of gaining further insight into the mechanisms governing nanoparticle (NP) formation in flame reactors. These include: a combined particle mass spectrometer - quartz crystal microbalance apparatus (PMS-QCM); The Light Induced Detuning –Quartz Crystal Microbalance (LID-QCM) method; Application of Intra Cavity Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (ICLAS) for monitoring gas phase intermediates in a particle laden environment.
OPPORTUNITY COST ARE A KEY TO CASH PUZZLE OF THE COMPANY
Authors: Lutsenko S. I. 
Published: April 2015

Features of influence of opportunity cost on the cash policy of the Russian companies are considered. The author analyzes relationship of cause and effect of escalating of cash. The author researched features of a choice the Russian companies of sources of financing. The author shows that availability of opportunity costs forces the companies to be reoriented on internal sources of financing. Opportunity costs are the indicator for a choice of optimum financing. The model (specification) presented in work is tested for determination of its adequacy, from the point of view of quality of forecasting. It is estimated three kinds of specifications: pooled regression, regression with a random effect and regression with the fixed effect. The purpose of work attempt to open cash puzzle of company disclosing of a puzzle. That is, to reduce opportunity costs for preserving of cash as the preventive motive, allowing to struggle with financial restrictions. Novelty of the presented work consists that the companies can rationally manage cash holdings, using negative shocks (signals) in the capital market, to expect them and without supposing the situations connected with financial restrictions.
The Development and Implementation of a Prenatal Education Program for Expectant Parents of Multiples
Authors: Kuhnly Joan Esper , Juliano Marion , McLarney Patricia Swider 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTPreparing expectant parents of multiples required a unique prenatal education program. A thorough explanation of the course layout, curriculum, and content the faculty developed for this unique 9-hour program is presented. The unique implications for parenting multiples was highlighted throughout the program, which included expectations for late pregnancy, preparation for labor and birth, assuring infant safety, learning how to provide infant care, identifying sources of support, breastfeeding information and support, potential for neonatal intensive care, postpartum depression, and providing a multiple parent’s personal perspective. All classes were interactive and used active learner-based teaching strategies.
Cementing Operation in Underbalanced Casing Drilling: A Successful Case History in an Unconventional Shale Reservoir in Argentina
Authors: Medina Jonatan , Krasuk Raul 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
In the Unconventional Loma Campana Oil Field, located in Neuquen, Argentina, the primary target is the Vaca Muerta shale, and the secondary target is the Quintuco carbonate. Both formations are naturally fractured and present high formation pressures and a narrow mud weight operating window. Those conditions generate operational issues (influx or fluid losses) and are the primary reason for the use of the Under Balanced Drilling (UBD) technology through problematic zones.
When using conventional BHA for UBD operations, after reaching TD, it is necessary to kill the well, by increasing mud weight, in order to pull out of hole and run the casing. This heavier mud exerts high ECD during the cement job causing partial or total loses of returns. In other cases, when the formation pressures are too high to be controlled with the mud weight, it is necessary to unload the well until reservoir pressure decreases to the manageable level. This operation has high impact on both time and cost of the well.
By the use of the casing drilling technology and with the knowledge of the operating window it is possible to perform managed pressure cementing (MPC). This is done by exerting back pressure needed to adjust the ECD within the operating window detected in the region of interest for each stage of the operation. With this technique there is no need to kill the well. The main goal, to reach the desired height of cement, is achieved by minimizing fluid losses and controlling influxes.
This paper contains information that will help develop cementing fluid design, pump schedule, and required back pressure in each stage of cementing job.
MPD Operation Solved Drilling Challenges in Sour HPHT Asphalt Formation in Y filed
Authors: Huawei Zhang , Zaifu Huang , Xinjin Chen , Xiaowang Pang , Xiangyang Zhao 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
In Y Field, three wells were temporarily abandoned, which were based on conventional technology while drilling through this sour active HPHT asphalt formation (Kazh). MPD Operation & technology were introduced and finally solved the problem and successfully delivered the said three wells in time.
Conventional MPD was focusing on Constant bottom-hole pressure (CBHP), which is widely used in narrow operation window while drilling. During drilling those three wells, different concept were set to control asphalt invasion and hole stability, which was referred as “dynamic bottom hole pressure difference while drilling” by means of MPD operations.
The paper addressed feasibility studies to adopt MPD in active asphalt formation in Y Field prior to the real operation; “fit-for purpose” MPD operation design & operations while drilling through the first well in Y field; MPD equipment and parameters modifications after acquired experience from the first well; associated necessary knowledge and technologies to successfully drilled through abovementioned asphalt formation, Running Casing, Cement the same were also mentioned inside the paper. In order to completely introduce this different utilization in Y Filed, another case of drilling through formation Kazh (Asphalt formation in Y Field) with MPD under mud cap when hole is in total loss, is also introduced in this paper.
In conclusion, the paper indicated that knowing the character of Kazh formation stood the first position before introduce any new technology. While distribution of asphalt was not clear, a dedicated size of casing to seal off other formations in the original same open hole (e.g.: well F21) is still the option. If none of the above can be obtained, to analyze/investigate invasion speed of asphalt under different assumptions & conditions, utilizing MPD with controlled flow rate to selected asphalt shall be one of the best options, meanwhile, drilling fluid & tools should also be updated to adapt to this option. In case of failure of controlled flowing rate efforts, drilling asphalt with MPD and Mud Cup in order to quickly drill through will be the last solution to asphalt formation in Y field.