Pelvic floor muscle training vs radiofrequency for women with vaginal laxity: randomized clinical trial
Authors: Pereira Glaucia Miranda Varella , Almeida Cristiane Martins , Martinho Natalia , de Andrade Kleber Cursino , Juliato Cassia Raquel Teatin , Brito Luiz Gustavo Oliveira 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Vaginal laxity (VL) is a complaint of excessive vaginal looseness with a prevalence ranging from 24% to 38% across studies.

Aim
The study sought to compare the effect of radiofrequency (RF) and pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) on the treatment of women with VL.

Methods
From February 2020 to December 2021, a prospective, parallel, noninferiority, randomized clinical trial was carried out in women ≥18 years of age and complaining of VL in a tertiary hospital. Two groups (RF and PFMT) were evaluated at the beginning of the study and 30 days and 6 months postintervention. A total of 42 participants per arm was sufficient to demonstrate a difference in sexual function on the Female Sexual Function Index at 90% power, 1-sided type 1 error of 0.025 with a noninferiority margin of 4 on the FSFI total score. Analysis was intention-to-treat and per-protocol based.

Outcomes
The primary endpoint was the change of FSFI score after treatment, and the secondary outcomes were improvement in symptoms of VL and changes in questionnaire scores of sexual distress, vaginal symptoms, and urinary incontinence, in the quantification of pelvic organ prolapse, and pelvic floor muscle (PFM) contraction.

Results
Of 167 participants recruited, 87 were included (RF: n = 42; PFMT: n = 45). All questionnaires improved (P &lt; .05) their total scores and subscales in both groups and during the follow-ups. After 30 days of treatment, RF was noninferior to PFMT to improving FSFI total score (mean difference −0.08 [95% confidence interval, −2.58 to 2.42]) in the per-protocol analysis (mean difference −0.46 [95% confidence interval, −2.92 to 1.99]) and in the intention-to-treat analysis; however, this result was not maintained after 6 months of treatment. PFM contraction improved significantly in both groups (RF: P = .006, 30 days; P = .049, 6 months; PFMT: P &lt; .001, 30 days and 6 months), with better results in the PFMT group.

Clinical Implications
Sexual, vaginal, and urinary symptoms were improved after 30 days and 6 months of treatment with RF and PFMT; however, better results were observed in the PFMT group after 6 months.

Strengths & Limitations
The present randomized clinical trial used several validated questionnaires evaluating quality of life, sexual function and urinary symptoms, in addition to assessing PFM contraction and classifying the quantification of pelvic organ prolapse aiming at anatomical changes in two follow-up periods. The limitations were the lack of a sham-controlled group (third arm) and the difficulty of blinding researchers to assess treatments due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Conclusion
After 30 days and 6 months of treatment, sexual, vaginal, and urinary symptoms improved with RF and PFMT; however, better results were observed in the PFMT group after 6 months. RF was noninferior to PFMT in improving FSFI total score after 30 days; however, this result was not maintained after 6 months of treatment.