bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microsynthesis and electron ionization mass spectral studies of O(S)‐alkyl N,N‐dimethyl alkylphosphono(thiolo)thionoamidates for Chemical Weapons Convention verification
Authors: Saeidian Hamdollah , Babri Mehran , Abdoli Morteza , Sarabadani Mansour , Ashrafi Davood , Naseri Mohammad Taghi 
Published: November 2012

RATIONALEThe availability of mass spectra and interpretation skills are essential for unambiguous identification of the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC)‐related chemicals. The O(S)‐alkyl N,N‐dimethyl alkylphosphono(thiolo)thionoamidates are included in the list of scheduled CWC‐related compounds, but there are very few spectra from these compounds in the literature. This paper examines these spectra and their mass spectral fragmentation routes.METHODSThe title chemicals were prepared through microsynthetic protocols and were analyzed using electron ionization mass spectrometry with gas chromatography as a MS‐inlet system. Structures of fragments were confirmed using analysis of fragment ions of deuterated analogs, tandem mass spectrometry and density functional theory (DFT) calculations.RESULTSMass spectrometric studies revealed some interesting fragmentation pathways during the ionization process, such as alkene and amine elimination and McLafferty‐type rearrangements. The most important fragmentation route of the chemicals is the thiono‐thiolo rearrangement. DFT calculations are used to support MS results and to reveal relative preference formation of fragment ions. The retention indices (RIs) of all the studied compounds are also reported.CONCLUSIONSMass spectra of the synthesized compounds were investigated with the aim to enrich the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) Central Analytical Database (OCAD) which may be used for detection and identification of CWC‐related chemicals during on‐site inspection and/or off‐site analysis such as OPCW proficiency tests. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification and separation of protein, contaminant and substrate peaks using gentle‐secondary ion mass spectrometry and the g‐ogram
Authors: Aoyagi Satoka , Gilmore Ian S. , Mihara Ichiro , Seah Martin P. , Fletcher Ian W. 
Published: November 2012

RATIONALESecondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is an important technique for the characterization of proteins at surfaces. However, interpretation of the mass spectra is complicated owing to confusion with peaks from contaminants and the substrate which is further compounded by complex fragmentation mechanisms. We test a new development of the G‐SIMS method called the g‐ogram to separate out spectral components without a priori information about which peaks to include in the analysis and which peaks relate to each component.METHODSThe effectiveness of the g‐ogram method is investigated using a model system of lysozyme adsorbed onto a silicon wafer and indium tin oxide substrates. In the method, two SIMS spectra are acquired using Bi+ and Mn+ primary ions which create lower and higher fragmentation in the spectra, respectively. The g‐ogram separates out components using a separation parameter that is related to the fragmentation energy.RESULTSThe g‐ogram separates the spectrum of lysozyme adsorbed onto a silicon wafer into three components: (i) the substrate and PDMS contamination; (ii) a second, but unexpected, contaminant; and (iii) peaks from the protein amino acids. Similar results are achieved for the indium tin oxide substrate. In addition, evidence of fragments from plural amino acids with two candidate peaks at 140.12 Da and 185.08 Da is observed.CONCLUSIONSThe g‐ogram method effectively separates out mass peaks relating to the substrate, contamination and protein without any a priori information or subjective decisions about which peaks to include in the analysis (so called 'peak picking'). This is a great help to analysts. We find two possible peaks from plural amino acids but no evidence of pluralities is found for peaks above 240 Da that are generated from when using Bi or Mn primary ions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The secretary problem on an unknown poset
Authors: Garrod Bryn , Morris Robert 
Published: November 2012

AbstractWe consider generalizations of the classical secretary problem, also known as the problem of optimal choice, to posets where the only information we have is the size of the poset and the number of maximal elements. We show that, given this information, there is an algorithm that is successful with probability at least
\documentclass{article} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \begin{align*}\frac{1}{e}\end{align*} \end{document}. We conjecture that if there are k maximal elements and k ≥ 2 then this can be improved to
\documentclass{article} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \begin{align*}\sqrt\lbrack k-1\rbrack {\frac{1}{k}}\end{align*} \end{document}, and prove this conjecture for posets of width k. We also show that no better bound is possible. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 43, 429–451, 2013
Coping Response and Survival in Breast Cancer Patients: A New Analysis
Authors: Watson M. , Homewood J. , Haviland J. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to analyse the impact of coping response on survival of breast cancer by using a new method of assessing coping.MethodAdjustment to cancer was assessed using a revised measure in a large cohort of breast cancer patients (N = 578) followed up over a period of 10 years. Impact of coping response measured early in the disease process (<4 months from primary diagnosis of early‐stage breast cancer) was assessed, and survival analyses were undertaken including known clinical staging data and cancer treatment details.ResultsAfter 5 years of follow‐up from primary diagnosis, the effect of prior ‘negative adjustment’ was statistically significantly linked to increased risk of death and relapse of breast cancer, and for the 10‐year analysis, this result remained for both risk of death and relapse. There was no statistically significant effect on survival of the novel ‘positive adjustment’ response.ConclusionsCoping with cancer was assessed using a new methodology and is linked to an adverse impact of negative adjustment on overall survival. Positive adjustment was unrelated to survival. The current study strengthens previous evidence that there is a link between survival and coping response. The question remains of how coping response might affect physical outcome. It is considered that coping response likely impacts survival through the mediating effects on lifestyle and health behaviour that may contribute to an adverse prognosis. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of Strain Rate, Temperature, Plastic Strain, and Microstructure on the Strain Rate Sensitivity of Automotive Sheet Steels
Authors: Larour Patrick , Bäumer Annette , Dahmen Kirsten , Bleck Wolfgang 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis work identifies the influence of strain rate, temperature, plastic strain, and microstructure on the strain rate sensitivity of automotive sheet steel grades in crash conditions. The strain rate sensitivity m has been determined by means of dynamic tensile tests in the strain rate range 10−3–200 s−1 and in the temperature range 233–373 K. The dynamic flow curves have been tested by means of servohydraulic tensile testing. The strain rate sensitivity decreases with increasing plastic strain due to a gradual exhausting of work hardening potential combined with adiabatic softening effects. The strain rate sensitivity is improved with decreasing temperature and increasing strain rate, according to the thermally activated deformation mechanism. The m‐value is reduced with increasing strength level, this decrease being most pronounced for steels with a yield strength below 400 MPa. Solid solution alloying with manganese, silicon, and especially phosphorous elements lowers the strain rate sensitivity significantly. Second phase hardening with bainite and martensite as the second constituent in a ferritic matrix reduces the strain rate sensitivity of automotive sheet steels. A statistical modeling is proposed to correlate the m‐value with the corresponding quasistatic tensile flow stress.
Zur Bestimmung der Tragfähigkeit von Kehlnahtverbindungen höherfester Baustähle
Authors: Rasche Christina , Kuhlmann Ulrike 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIm Stahlbau gibt es einen Trend zu zunehmend schlankeren und leichten Konstruktionen aus Baustählen mit höherer Festigkeit (Streckgrenze ReH > 355 N/mm2). In den letzten Jahren wurden hierzu moderne Stähle entwickelt, die neben einer hohen Festigkeit gute Schweißeigenschaften und eine hohe Zähigkeit besitzen. Trotz der guten Schweißeigenschaften ist die normative Tragfähigkeit insbesondere von Kehlnahtverbindungen dieser Stähle gering. In diesem Beitrag werden experimentelle und numerische Untersuchungen zur Tragfähigkeit von Kehlnahtverbindungen höherfester Baustähle vorgestellt. Als Ergebnis wird die Tragfähigkeit dieser Kehlnahtverbindungen bestimmt und ein erweitertes Bemessungsmodell zur Bestimmung der Tragfähigkeit von Kehlnahtverbindungen höherfester Baustähle S460 und S690 unter Berücksichtigung des Schweißzusatzwerkstoffs vorgestellt.Load bearing capacity of fillet welded connections of high strength steel. In recent years a trend towards an increasing number of slim and lightweight steel constructions using high‐strength steels can be observed (yield strength ReH > 355 N/mm2). Therefore, modern high‐strength steels have been developed, which comprise aside a high strength, good welding characteristics and a high ductility. Despite the good welding characteristics there is a low normative load‐bearing capacity of fillet welded joints of high‐strength steels. In this article experimental and numerical investigations on the load‐bearing capacity of fillet welds are presented. As a result the load bearing capacity of these fillet welded connections is determined. An expanded design model for high‐strength steels S460 and S690 is presented, which considers both, the strength of the base and the filler metal.
Casting New Physicochemical Light on the Fundamental Biological Processes in Single Living Cells by Using Raman Microspectroscopy
Authors: Kaliaperumal Venkatesh , Hamaguchi Hiro‐o 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis Personal Account highlights the capabilities of spontaneous Raman microspectroscopy for studying fundamental biological processes in a single living cell. Raman microspectroscopy provides time‐ and space‐resolved vibrational Raman spectra that contain detailed information on the structure and dynamics of biomolecules in a cell. By using yeast as a model system, we have made great progress in the development of this methodology. The results that we have obtained so far are described herein with an emphasis placed on how three cellular processes, that is, cell‐division, respiration, and cell‐death, are traced and elucidated with the use of time‐ and space‐resolved structural information that is extracted from the Raman spectra. For cell‐division, compositional‐ and structural changes of various biomolecules are observed during the course of the whole cell cycle. For respiration, the redox state of mitochondrial cytochromes, which is inferred from the resonance Raman bands of cytochromes, is used to evaluate the respiration activity of a single cell, as well as that of isolated mitochondrial particles. Special reference is made to the “Raman spectroscopic signature of life”, which is a characteristic Raman band at 1602 cm−1 that is found in yeast cells. This signature reflects the cellular metabolic activity and may serve as a measure of mitochondrial dysfunction. For cell‐death, “cross‐talk” between the mitochondria and the vacuole in a dying cell is suggested. DOI 10.1002/tcr.201200008
Patterns of root growth acclimation: constant processes, changing boundaries
Authors: Baskin Tobias I. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractPlasticity, the hallmark of plant morphogenesis, extends to kinetics. To enhance acclimation, growing plant organs adeptly adjust their growth rate, up or down. In roots, rates of division and elemental expansion as well as the length of division and elongation zones are readily characterized because of their linear organization, radial symmetry, and indeterminate growth, and can be measured accurately with kinematic methods. Here, for roots, I describe key concepts from kinematics and review patterns of growth and division during acclimation. The growth rate of a root reflects the integral of elemental expansion activity over the span of the growth zone; therefore, an acclimating plant can change the rate of root growth by changing either or both the span of the growth zone or the rate of elemental expansion. The analogous dichotomy exists for cell division where the rate at which cells are produced reflects the integral of cell division rate over the span of the division zone. Surprisingly, expansion responses nearly always involve changes in the length of the growth zone. Similarly, although based on fewer data, changes in cell division rate are rare, whereas changes in meristem length are common. These patterns imply that setting the boundaries for meristem and elongation zone is the key regulatory act for root growth rate acclimation. WIREs Dev Biol 2013, 2:65–73. doi: 10.1002/wdev.94This article is categorized under:

Establishment of Spatial and Temporal Patterns > Cell Sorting and Boundary Formation
Establishment of Spatial and Temporal Patterns > Regulation of Size, Proportion, and Timing
Plant Development > Root Development
Testing Effects of Community Collaboration on Rates of Low Infant Birthweight at the County Level
Authors: Darnell Adam J. , Barile John P. , Weaver Scott R. , Harper Christopher R. , Kuperminc Gabriel P. , Emshoff James G. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractInterorganizational collaboration has become a popular strategy for addressing population health and well‐being. However, evidence for its effectiveness in achieving outcomes at the population level is limited, at least in part due to a variety of methodological challenges such as reduced sample size at the population level, the availability of suitable comparison groups of communities, and study durations that are too short to detect slowly emerging outcomes. The present study addresses these challenges by retrospectively examining the effectiveness of a mature network of community collaboratives, using latent growth modeling of longitudinal change in an archival community‐level outcome, low infant birthweight, and propensity score matching of comparison communities. A group of 25 Georgia counties with collaboratives targeting low infant birthweight was compared to a weighted comparison group of counties from other southeastern states, using propensity score matching. We report results of full matching methods and outcome analyses examining differences in change in county rates of low infant birthweight from 1997 to 2004 between intervention and comparison counties. Results indicated significantly smaller increases in low weight birth rates in intervention counties than in comparison counties.
The Effect of Germination on Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Pulses
Authors: Gharachorloo Maryam , Ghiassi Tarzi Babak , Baharinia Marzieh 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn this study the changes of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of four different pulses namely white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L), Common vetch (Vicia sativa), Lentil (Lens culinaris) and Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) seeds before and after germination were investigated. Seeds germinated in dark chambers maintained near 100 % relative humidity at 20 °C. Three different solvents namely acetone, hexane and methanol were employed to extract the phenolic compounds present in the seeds and sprouts. Total content of phenolic compounds was measured by the Folin–Ciocalteu method and antioxidant activity determined by the delay in fat oxidation. Different concentrations of extracts (0.02 and 0.1 % w/w) were added to tallow and the stabilities of the treatments were determined by the peroxide value and induction period measurements to evaluate the antioxidant activities. The results indicated that the increases in phenolic content from dormant seed to sprouted seed were significant (P ≤ 0.05) in all the samples. The significant differences between induction periods of tallow treated with sprouted seed extracts were observed (P < 0.05). The results indicated that the greatest increase in stability was obtained when tallow was treated with a 0.1 % concentration of acetone chickpea sprout extract. The pulses' sprout flour or extract might be recommended for use as a source of natural antioxidants in functional foods.
Protein and lipid damage in maple syrup urine disease patients: l‐carnitine effect
Authors: Mescka Caroline Paula , Wayhs Carlos Alberto Yasin , Vanzin Camila Simioni , Biancini Giovana Brondani , Guerreiro Gilian , Manfredini Vanusa , Souza Carolina , Wajner Moacir , Dutra‐filho Carlos Severo , Vargas Carmen Regla 
Published: November 2012

AbstractMaple syrup urine disease (MSUD) is an inborn error of metabolism biochemically characterized by elevated levels of the branched chain amino acids (BCAA) leucine, isoleucine, valine and the corresponding branched‐chain α‐keto acids. This disorder is clinically characterized by ketoacidosis, seizures, coma, psychomotor delay and mental retardation whose pathophysiology is not completely understood. Recent studies have shown that oxidative stress may be involved in neuropathology of MSUD. l‐Carnitine (l‐Car) plays a central role in the cellular energy metabolism because it transports long‐chain fatty acids for oxidation and ATP generation. In recent years many studies have demonstrated the antioxidant role of this compound. In this work, we investigated the effect of BCAA‐restricted diet supplemented or not with l‐Car on lipid peroxidation and in protein oxidation in MSUD patients. We found a significant increase of malondialdehyde and of carbonyl content in plasma of MSUD patients under BCAA‐restricted diet compared to controls. Furthermore, patients under BCAA‐restricted diet plus l‐Car supplementation presented a marked reduction of malondialdehyde content in relation to controls, reducing the lipid peroxidation. In addition, free l‐Car concentrations were negatively correlated with malondialdehyde levels. Our data show that l‐Car may have an antioxidant effect, protecting against the lipid peroxidation and this could represent an additional therapeutic approach to the patients affected by MSUD.
TRANSVERSAL INFINITESIMAL AUTOMORPHISMS ON KÄHLER FOLIATIONS
Authors: JUNG SEOUNG DAL , LIU HUILI 
Published: November 2012

AbstractLet ℱ be a Kähler foliation on a compact Riemannian manifold M. If the transversal scalar curvature of ℱ is nonzero constant, then any transversal conformal field is a transversal Killing field; and if the transversal Ricci curvature is nonnegative and positive at some point, then there are no transversally holomorphic fields.
Research travel and disciplinary identities in the University of Cambridge, 1885–1955
Authors: HEFFERNAN MICHAEL , JÖNS HEIKE 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis article considers the role of overseas academic travel in the development of the modern research university, with particular reference to the University of Cambridge from the 1880s to the 1950s. The Cambridge academic community, relatively sedentary at the beginning of this period, became progressively more mobile and globalized through the early twentieth century, facilitated by regular research sabbaticals. The culture of research travel diffused at varying rates, and with differing consequences, across the arts and humanities and the field, laboratory and theoretical sciences, reshaping disciplinary identities and practices in the process. The nature of research travel also changed as the genteel scholarly excursion was replaced by the purposeful, output-orientated expedition.
Acute and second-meal effects of peanuts on glycaemic response and appetite in obese women with high type 2 diabetes risk: a randomised cross-over clinical trial
Authors: Reis Caio E. G. , Ribeiro Daniela N. , Costa Neuza M. B. , Bressan Josefina , Alfenas Rita C. G. , Mattes Richard D. 
Published: November 2012

Nut consumption is associated with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of adding peanuts (whole or peanut butter) on first (0–240 min)- and second (240–490 min)-meal glucose metabolism and selected gut satiety hormone responses, appetite ratings and food intake in obese women with high T2DM risk. A group of fifteen women participated in a randomised cross-over clinical trial in which 42·5 g of whole peanuts without skins (WP), peanut butter (PB) or no peanuts (control) were added to a 75 g available carbohydrate-matched breakfast meal. Postprandial concentrations (0–490 min) of glucose, insulin, NEFA, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), peptide YY (PYY), cholecystokinin (CCK), appetitive sensations and food intake were assessed after breakfast treatments and a standard lunch. Postprandial NEFA incremental AUC (IAUC) (0–240 min) and glucose IAUC (240–490 min) responses were lower for the PB breakfast compared with the control breakfast. Insulin concentrations were higher at 120 and 370 min after the PB consumption than after the control consumption. Desire-to-eat ratings were lower, while PYY, GLP-1 and CCK concentrations were higher after the PB intake compared with the control intake. WP led to similar but non-significant effects. The addition of PB to breakfast moderated postprandial glucose and NEFA concentrations, enhanced gut satiety hormone secretion and reduced the desire to eat. The greater bioaccessibility of the lipid component in PB is probably responsible for the observed incremental post-ingestive responses between the nut forms. Inclusion of PB, and probably WP, to breakfast may help to moderate glucose concentrations and appetite in obese women.
Bifidobacteria may be beneficial to intestinal microbiota and reduction of bacterial translocation in mice following ischaemia and reperfusion injury
Authors: Wang Honggang , Zhang Wei , Zuo Lugen , Zhu Weiming , Wang Bin , Li Qiurong , Li Jieshou 
Published: November 2012

The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of peroral bifidobacteria on the intestinal microbiota, barrier function and bacterial translocation (BT) in a mouse model of ischaemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury. A total of twenty-four male BALB/c mice were randomly allocated into three groups: (1) sham-operated, (2) I/R and (3) I/R injury and bifidobacteria pretreatment (109colony-forming units/d). Bifidobacteria were administered daily intragastrically for 2 weeks before induction of I/R. Subsequently, samples of caecal content, intestinal mucosa, ileal segments, blood, mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) and distant organs (liver, spleen and kidney) were prepared for examination. In the I/R model, barrier dysfunction (caecal microbiota dysbiosis, disruption of tight junction (TJ), increased epithelial cell apoptosis, disruption of mucosa and multiple erosions) in the intestine was observed, associated with increased BT to extraintestinal sites. The ratio of BT to MLN and distant organs in mice exposed to I/R injury was 62·5 %, which was significantly higher than the sham-operated group. However, pretreatment of animals with bifidobacteria prevented I/R-induced BT, reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine release, the levels of endotoxin, intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis, disruption of TJ and increased the concentration of SCFA, resulting in recovered microbiota and mucosal integrity. Bifidobacteria may be beneficial in reducing BT in I/R injury of mice. Therefore, peroral administration of bifidobacteria is a potential strategy to prevent I/R-induced BT and intestinal barrier dysfunction.