bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
National treatment practices in the management of infectious intracranial aneurysms and infective endocarditis
Authors: Singla Amit , Fargen Kyle , Blackburn Spiros , Neal Dan , Martin Tomas D. , Hess Phillip J , Beaver Thomas M , Klodell Charles T , Hoh Brian 
Published: June 2015

IntroductionThere is an absence of widely accepted guidelines for the management of infectious intracranial aneurysms (IIAs) owing to a dearth of high-quality evidence in the literature.ObjectiveTo better define the incidence of IIAs, treatment practices, and patient outcomes by performing a Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database query.MethodsWe queried the NIS database from 2002 to 2011 for all patients with theprimary diagnosisof infectious endocarditis (IE), subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), or unruptured cerebral aneurysm by ICD-9-CM codes. ICD-9 procedure codes were used to identify patients undergoing neurosurgical or cardiothoracic procedures.ResultsThe query identified 393 patients withprimary diagnosisof IE, SAH or unruptured cerebral aneurysm treated during 2002–2011. The mean age of the patients was 53.5 years; 244 (62%) were male. The majority of patients presented with SAH (361; 91.9%). Only 73 (18.6%) patients underwent neurosurgical coiling or clipping for IIA. Of patients undergoing a neurosurgical procedure, 65 had SAH (constituting only 18% of patients with SAH) and 8 had unruptured aneurysms (constituting only 25% patients with unruptured aneurysms). Cardiac procedures were performed in only 72/393 patients (18.3%) patients. Only 67 (18.6%) of the patients with SAH and 5 (15.6%) with unruptured aneurysms underwent a cardiac corrective surgical procedure. Mortality was significantly higher in those patients managed conservatively (26.7%) than in those who underwent clipping or embolization (15.1%; p<0.001).ConclusionsIn this NIS database study, the majority of patients with IIAs were managed non-operatively, regardless of rupture status. Further investigation is warranted to standardize the management of these lesions.
Do questions help? The impact of audience response systems on medical student learning: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Mains Tyler E , Cofrancesco Joseph , Milner Stephen M , Shah Nina G , Goldberg Harry 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT

Background
Audience response systems (ARSs) are electronic devices that allow educators to pose questions during lectures and receive immediate feedback on student knowledge. The current literature on the effectiveness of ARSs is contradictory, and their impact on student learning remains unclear.

Objectives
This randomised controlled trial was designed to isolate the impact of ARSs on student learning and students’ perception of ARSs during a lecture.

Methods
First-year medical student volunteers at Johns Hopkins were randomly assigned to either (i) watch a recorded lecture on an unfamiliar topic in which three ARS questions were embedded or (ii) watch the same lecture without the ARS questions. Immediately after the lecture on 5 June 2012, and again 2 weeks later, both groups were asked to complete a questionnaire to assess their knowledge of the lecture content and satisfaction with the learning experience.

Results
92 students participated. The mean (95% CI) initial knowledge assessment score was 7.63 (7.17 to 8.09) for the ARS group (N=45) and 6.39 (5.81 to 6.97) for the control group (N=47), p=0.001. Similarly, the second knowledge assessment mean score was 6.95 (6.38 to 7.52) for the ARS group and 5.88 (5.29 to 6.47) for the control group, p=0.001. The ARS group also reported higher levels of engagement and enjoyment.

Conclusions
Embedding three ARS questions within a 30 min lecture increased students’ knowledge immediately after the lecture and 2 weeks later. We hypothesise that this increase was due to forced information retrieval by students during the learning process, a form of the testing effect.
Metallogeny and its link to orogenic style during the Nuna supercontinent cycle
Authors: Pehrsson Sally J. , Eglington Bruce M. , Evans David A. D. , Huston David , Reddy Steven M. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The link between observed episodicity in ore deposit formation and preservation and the supercontinent cycle is well established, but this general framework has not, however, been able to explain a lack of deposits associated with some accretionary orogens during specific periods of Earth history. Here we show that there are intriguing correlations between styles of orogenesis and specific mineral deposit types, in the context of the Nuna supercontinent cycle. Using animated global reconstructions of Nuna's assembly and initial breakup, and integrating extensive databases of mineral deposits, stratigraphy, geochronology and palaeomagnetism we are able to assess spatial patterns of deposit formation and preservation. We find that lode gold, volcanic-hosted-massive-sulphide and nickel–copper deposits peak during closure of Nuna's interior ocean but decline during subsequent peripheral orogenesis, suggesting that accretionary style is also important. Deposits such as intrusion-related gold, carbonate-hosted lead-zinc and unconformity uranium deposits are associated with the post-assembly, peripheral orogenic phase. These observations imply that the use of plate reconstructions to assess orogenic style, although challenging for the Precambrian, can be a powerful tool for mineral exploration targeting.

Supplementary material:

Supplementary material including (1) tables (S1–S3) of Euler poles and palaeopoles used, summary of Nuna orogens; (2) a figure (S1) of modelled plate velocities; (3) mp4 files (S1 & S2) of the model with age data; ore deposits and VGPs; and (4) a zip file (S1) of the Gplates model is available at
http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18822
.
Damage thresholds and population dynamics of Meloidogyne chitwoodi on carrot (Daucus carota) at different seed densities
Authors: Heve William K. , Been Thomas H. , Schomaker Corrie H. , Teklu Misghina G. 
Published: June 2015

Yield loss of carrot (Daucus carota) cv. Nerac caused by Meloidogyne chitwoodi and population dynamics of this nematode were studied using a range of 13 nematode densities at three seed densities (2, 4, 18 seeds pot−1) in a climate-controlled glasshouse. Yield and quality data were fitted to Seinhorst’s yield models. Final population densities were fitted to the population dynamic models for sedentary and free-living nematodes. The tolerance limits for yield loss were 0.34, 0.62 and 0.50, while that of quality were 0.012, 0.142 and 0.813 second-stage juveniles (J2) (g dry soil)−1 at increasing seed densities, respectively. The minimum yield (m), increased with seed density: 0.25, 0.30 and 0.50; the minimum quality yield was 0.10, 0.08 and 0.15 J2 (g dry soil)−1 at increasing seed densities, respectively. Both maximum multiplication rates and maximum population densities increased with increasing seed density but were generally low. Carrot cv. Nerac can be considered a bad host for M. chitwoodi.
Reassessment of multiple species of Gymnelus (Teleostei: Zoarcidae) in Pacific Arctic and boreal regions
Authors: MECKLENBURG CATHERINE W. , ANDERSON M. ERIC 
Published: June 2015

Recently described new nominal species and resurrected species in the eelpout genus Gymnelus Reinhardt 1834 were reassessed for validity using fresh material collected in Pacific Arctic regions and a large body of data from a previous systematic review of the genus. The analysis reported here included both DNA barcodes and morphology. Only two species were validated: G. viridis (Fabricius 1780) and G. hemifasciatus Andriashev 1937. The latter species occurred as two morphotypes for which there is some evidence of difference in ecological preference, but the available environ-mental data are not robust enough to firmly identify or verify ecophenotypes.
Processed as an Adult
Authors: Loeffler Charles E. , Grunwald Ben 
Published: June 2015

Objectives: Test whether processing non-transfer-eligible juvenile arrestees as adults has any effect on their likelihood of criminal recidivism. Methods: A regression discontinuity design is used to analyze the effect of processing juveniles as adults on a four-year felony rearrest measure using a sample of 78,142 felony drug arrests. Results: For the felony drug offenders in this sample, processing juveniles as adults reduced the probability of recidivism by 3 to 5 percent. Based on the rapid onset and limited change in size of these effects over the duration of a four-year follow-up as well as the concentration of the effect within a subpopulation having the least risk of incarceration, we attribute this finding to a combination of enhanced deterrence and incapacitation in the adult system. Conclusions: Our results suggest that processing juveniles in the adult system may not uniformly increase offending and may reduce offending in some circumstances. Our findings also highlight the utility of quasi-experimental research designs for estimating the life-course effects of contact with the criminal justice system.
Optimal Management of Proliferative Verrucous Leukoplakia
Authors: Abadie Wesley M. , Partington Erin J. , Fowler Craig B. , Schmalbach Cecelia E. 
Published: June 2015

ObjectiveProliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) is a rare and recalcitrant form of leukoplakia. The purpose of this review is to further characterize the risk factors, clinical course, and optimal treatment for this highly aggressive, premalignant lesion.Data SourcesTwenty‐six articles on PVL with a total of 329 PVL cases.Review MethodsA systematic review of the literature using Ovid, PubMed, Cochrane Database, and gray literature was conducted of all PVL cases reported between 1985 and 2014. Inclusion criteria required reporting of patient follow‐up and recurrence rates. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Student t test and Fisher exact test were used to identify factors associated with malignant transformation.ResultsThe mean patient age was 63.9 years. Most patients were female (66.9%) and nontobacco users (65.22%). Mean follow‐up was 7.4 years, with an average of 9.0 biopsies per patient during this period. Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia exhibited histopathologic features along a progressive spectrum, evolving from leukoplakia to verrucous hyperplasia and ultimately invasive carcinoma. Surgery was the most common treatment implemented, but recurrence rates among 222 patients reached 71.2%. Subgroup analysis of 277 patients identified a 63.9% malignant transformation rate, and 39.6% of patients died of their disease. Age, sex, and tobacco use were not identified as risk factors associated with progression to cancer.ConclusionsProliferative verrucous leukoplakia is a rare form of leukoplakia with a high rate of malignant transformation. It necessitates high clinical suspicion, to include a lifetime of close follow‐up and repeat biopsies by a health care provider well versed in oral carcinoma.
Noninjured Knees of Patients With Noncontact ACL Injuries Display Higher Average Anterior and Internal Rotational Knee Laxity Compared With Healthy Knees of a Noninjured Population
Authors: Mouton Caroline , Theisen Daniel , Meyer Tim , Agostinis Hélène , Nührenbörger Christian , Pape Dietrich , Seil Romain 
Published: June 2015

Background: Excessive physiological anterior and rotational knee laxity is thought to be a risk factor for noncontact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries and inferior reconstruction outcomes, but no thresholds have been established to identify patients with increased laxity. Purpose: (1) To determine if the healthy contralateral knees of ACL-injured patients have greater anterior and rotational knee laxity, leading to different laxity profiles (combination of laxities), compared with healthy control knees and (2) to set a threshold to help discriminate anterior and rotational knee laxity between these groups. Study Design: Case-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 171 healthy contralateral knees of noncontact ACL-injured patients (ACL-H group) and 104 healthy knees of control participants (CTL group) were tested for anterior and rotational laxity. Laxity scores (measurements corrected for sex and body mass) were used to classify knees as hypolax (score <–1), normolax (between −1 and 1), or hyperlax (>1). Proportions of patients in each group were compared using χ2 tests. Receiver operating characteristic curves were computed to discriminate laxity between the groups. Odds ratios were calculated to determine the probability of being in the ACL-H group. Results: The ACL-H group displayed greater laxity scores for anterior displacement and internal rotation in their uninjured knee compared with the CTL group ( P < .05). Laxity profiles were different between the groups for the following associations: normolax in anterior displacement/hypolax in internal rotation (6% [ACL-H] vs 15% [CTL]; P = .02) and hyperlax in anterior displacement/normolax in internal rotation (27% [ACL-H] vs 10% [CTL]; P < .01). The laxity score thresholds were 0.75 for anterior laxity and −0.55 for internal rotation. With both scores above these thresholds, a patient was 3.18-fold more likely to be in the ACL-H group (95% CI, 1.74-5.83). Conclusion: The healthy contralateral knees of patients with noncontact ACL injuries display different laxity values both for internal rotation and anterior displacement compared with healthy control knees. The identification of knee laxity profiles may be of relevance for primary and secondary prevention programs of noncontact ACL injuries.
Use of a topical anhydrous silicone base containing fatty acids from pracaxi oil in a patient with a diabetic ulcer
Authors: Simmons Chris V , Banov Fabiana , Banov Daniel 
Published: June 2015

Objectives: The treatment of diabetic ulceration of the lower extremities is a complicated task due to the nature of the ulcer and potential underlying comorbidities. This report describes the case of a 61-year-old male patient with Type 2 Diabetes who presented with an ulcerative leg wound. The objective of this study was to evaluate the outcome of a topical compounded treatment. Methods: The patient applied a compounded medicine containing 2% mupirocin in a topical anhydrous silicone base containing fatty acids from pracaxi oil directly to the ulcer for 63 days, 3 times daily. This regimen was supplemented with exercise and an additional compounded medicine applied to the wound margins in order to increase circulation. Results: By the end of the application period, the patient’s ulcer was fully closed. Conclusion: A topical anhydrous silicone compounding base containing fatty acids from pracaxi oil may be useful in the treatment of patients with diabetic ulcers.
Rapid detection of structural variation in a human genome using nanochannel-based genome mapping technology
Authors: Cao Hongzhi , Hastie Alex R , Cao Dandan , Lam Ernest T , Sun Yuhui , Huang Haodong , Liu Xiao , Lin Liya , Andrews Warren , Chan Saki , Huang Shujia , Tong Xin , Requa Michael , Anantharaman Thomas , Krogh Anders , Yang Huanming , Cao Han , Xu Xun 
Published: June 2015

Abstract

Background
Structural variants (SVs) are less common than single nucleotide polymorphisms and indels in the population, but collectively account for a significant fraction of genetic polymorphism and diseases. Base pair differences arising from SVs are on a much higher order (&gt;100 fold) than point mutations; however, none of the current detection methods are comprehensive, and currently available methodologies are incapable of providing sufficient resolution and unambiguous information across complex regions in the human genome. To address these challenges, we applied a high-throughput, cost-effective genome mapping technology to comprehensively discover genome-wide SVs and characterize complex regions of the YH genome using long single molecules (&gt;150 kb) in a global fashion.

Results
Utilizing nanochannel-based genome mapping technology, we obtained 708 insertions/deletions and 17 inversions larger than 1 kb. Excluding the 59 SVs (54 insertions/deletions, 5 inversions) that overlap with N-base gaps in the reference assembly hg19, 666 non-gap SVs remained, and 396 of them (60%) were verified by paired-end data from whole-genome sequencing-based re-sequencing or de novo assembly sequence from fosmid data. Of the remaining 270 SVs, 260 are insertions and 213 overlap known SVs in the Database of Genomic Variants. Overall, 609 out of 666 (90%) variants were supported by experimental orthogonal methods or historical evidence in public databases. At the same time, genome mapping also provides valuable information for complex regions with haplotypes in a straightforward fashion. In addition, with long single-molecule labeling patterns, exogenous viral sequences were mapped on a whole-genome scale, and sample heterogeneity was analyzed at a new level.

Conclusion
Our study highlights genome mapping technology as a comprehensive and cost-effective method for detecting structural variation and studying complex regions in the human genome, as well as deciphering viral integration into the host genome.
Neuroimaging distinction between neurological and psychiatric
disorders
Authors: Crossley Nicolas A. , Scott Jessica , Ellison-Wright Ian , Mechelli Andrea 
Published: June 2015

BackgroundIt is unclear to what extent the traditional distinction between
neurological and psychiatric disorders reflects biological
differences.AimsTo examine neuroimaging evidence for the distinction between neurological
and psychiatric disorders.MethodWe performed an activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis on
voxel-based morphometry studies reporting decreased grey matter in 14
neurological and 10 psychiatric disorders, and compared the regional and
network-level alterations for these two classes of disease. In addition,
we estimated neuroanatomical heterogeneity within and between the two
classes.ResultsBasal ganglia, insula, sensorimotor and temporal cortex showed greater
impairment in neurological disorders; whereas cingulate, medial frontal,
superior frontal and occipital cortex showed greater impairment in
psychiatric disorders. The two classes of disorders affected distinct
functional networks. Similarity within classes was higher than between
classes; furthermore, similarity within class was higher for neurological
than psychiatric disorders.ConclusionsFrom a neuroimaging perspective, neurological and psychiatric disorders
represent two distinct classes of disorders.
Longitudinal variations of brain functional connectivity: A case report study based on a mouse model of epilepsy
Authors: Erramuzpe A. , Encinas J. M. , Sierra A. , Maletic-Savatic M. , Brewster A.L. , Anderson Anne E. , Stramaglia S. , Cortes Jesus M. 
Published: June 2015

Brain Functional Connectivity (FC) quantifies statistical dependencies between areas of the brain.FC has been widely used to address altered function of brain circuits in control conditions compared to different pathological states, including epilepsy, a major neurological disorder. However, FC also has the as yet unexplored potential to help us understand the pathological transformation of the brain circuitry.Our hypothesis is that FC can differentiate global brain interactions across a time-scale of days. To this end, we present a case report study based on a mouse model for epilepsy and analyze longitudinal intracranial electroencephalography data of epilepsy to calculate FC across three stages: 1, the initial insult (status epilepticus); 2, the latent period, when epileptogenic networks emerge; and 3, chronic epilepsy, when unprovoked seizures occur as spontaneous events.We found that the overall network FC at low frequency bands decreased immediately after status epilepticus was provoked, and increased monotonously later on during the latent period. Overall, our results demonstrate the capacity of FC to address longitudinal variations of brain connectivity across the establishment of pathological states.
Physiological Model of Trainer-Athlete Social Interaction during Training on Bicycle Ergometer
Authors: Классина  , Klassina S. 
Published: June 2015

A trainer-athlete social interaction has systemic psychological and physiological nature. The systemic quantization of the behavior concept, offered by K.V. Sudakov, was the methodological basis for creation of the trainer-athlete social interaction physiological model. It is shown that the trainer’s verbal instruction promotes the systemic organization of the trainer-athlete social interaction (SYSTEMOQUANT), which has higher level hierarchy in relation to the athlete’s training activity. The athlete’s sport activity in SYSTEMOQUANT is presented as the sequence of athlete’s systemic quantums, which are characterized by stage activity results and have lower hierarchy in relation to the end result of SYSTEMOQUANT. All this allows to speaking about &#34;inclusion&#34; systemic quantums of athlete as a system of organizations lower level in SYSTEMOQUANT social interaction coach-athlete.
The quantitative integrated assessment of parameters of reached sports results and “physiological cost&#34; of these results allows to carry out timely correction of athlete’s sport activity. The analysis of dynamics of result’s parameters and &#34;physiological cost” allow to estimate &#34;the load worth» of each athlete’s training activity stage and to reveal critical stages of physical activity. It optimizes the athlete’s training process and accelerates the acquisition of high level sport training for their. The author notes that the dependence of the &#34;physiological cost&#34; sports result from its parameter is defined as the individual abilities of the athlete, his / her functional status at the time of exercise and sport. The physiological model of trainer-athlete social interaction can be used in a training process of athletes. It should be noted that such a system approach to studying of a social interaction problem can be used, not only in sport, but in the educational and production practice of teaching, where the training verbal instruction is actively used. Using the monitoring with feedback, the instructor (teacher) will always have information about the success of his instructions and student’s physiological cost.