bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel Highly Degradable Chloride Containing Bioactive Glasses
Authors: Chen Xiaojing , Karpukhina Natalia , Brauer Delia S. , Hill Robert G. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAddition of CaF2 to a silicate bioactive glass favours formation of fluorapatite, which is less soluble in acidic environment than hydroxyapatite. However, excess CaF2 in the glass is problematic, owing to the formation of crystalline calcium fluoride rather than fluorapatite on immersion. In this paper we investigate chloride as an alternative to fluoride in bioactive silicate glasses and in particular their bioactivity for the first time. Meltderived bioactive glasses based on SiO2-P2O5-CaO-CaCl2 with varying CaCl2 contents were synthesised and characterised by DSC. Chemical analysis of the chloride content was performed by using an ion selective electrode. Glass density was determined using Helium Pycnometry. The glass bioactivity was investigated in Tris buffer. Ion release measurements were carried out by using ICP-OES. The chemical analysis results indicated that the majority of the chloride is retained in the Q2 type silicate glasses during synthesis. Tg and glass density reduced with increasing CaCl2 content. Apatite-like phase formation was confirmed by FITR, XRD and 31P MAS-NMR. The results of the in vitro studies demonstrated that the chloride containing bioactive glasses are highly degradable and form apatite-like phase within three hours in Tris buffer and, therefore, are certainly suitable for use in remineralising toothpastes. The dissolution rate of the glass was found to increase with CaCl2 content. Faster dissolving bioactive glasses may be attractive for more resorbable bone grafts and scaffolds.
Effects of an eccentric training programme on hamstring strain injuries in women football players
Authors: del Ama Espinosa Gurutze , Pöyhönen Tapani , Aramendi José Francisco , Samaniego Juan Carlos , Emparanza Knörr José Ignacio , Kyröläinen Heikki 
Published: September 2015

Summary
Study aim: to test the hypothesis that an eccentric training programme applied on women football players would reduce the hamstring injury rate by improving thigh muscle balance and, particularly, hamstring strength.

Material and methods: three football teams were recruited for this randomised controlled trial. They played in the first and second divisions in Spain. Players were randomised within clubs either to the intervention (eccentric exercises, n = 22) or control (control exercises, n = 21) groups, and randomisation was stratified according to previous history of thigh strains. The eccentric programme was divided into 3 phases, and each phase was composed of 7 weeks. Compliance level and all injuries were recorded throughout the season as well as training and game exposure times. Muscle strength and power of the lower extremities and flexibility of the hamstrings and lower back were measured before and after the intervention.

Results: the risk for sustaining a hamstring strain (RSHS) was reduced by 81%. However, differences were not significant due to the low number of subjects (relative risk 0.19; 95% coefficient interval 0.02–1.50). The strength of the hamstrings decreased in both groups (p < 0.05), whereas sprint time was improved only in the intervention group (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: the present findings suggest that a simple program of eccentric exercise could reduce RSHS.
Geometry of some twistor spaces of algebraic
dimension one
Authors: Honda Nobuhiro 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
It is shown that there exists a twistor space on the n-fold connected sum of complex projective
planes nCP2, whose algebraic dimension is one and whose general fiber of the algebraic reduction is birational
to an elliptic ruled surface or a K3 surface. The former kind of twistor spaces are constructed over nCP2
for any n ≥ 5, while the latter kind of example is constructed over 5CP2. Both of these seem to be the first
such example on nCP2. The algebraic reduction in these examples is induced by the anti-canonical system of
the twistor spaces. It is also shown that the former kind of twistor spaces contain a pair of non-normal Hopf
surfaces.
An advanced CFD model to study the effect of non-condensable gas on cavitation in positive displacement pumps
Authors: Iannetti Aldo , Stickland Matthew T. , Dempster William M. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAn advanced transient CFD model of a positive displacement reciprocating pump was created to study its behavior and performance in cavitating condition during the inlet stroke. The “full” cavitation model developed by Singhal et al. was utilized, and a sensitivity analysis test on two air mass fraction amounts (1.5 and 15 parts per million) was carried out to study the influence of the dissolved air content in water on the cavitation phenomenon. The model was equipped with user defined functions to introduce the liquid compressibility, which stabilizes the simulation, and to handle the two-way coupling between the pressure field and the inlet valve lift history. Estimation of the performance is also presented in both cases.
Dynamical system analysis of unstable flow phenomena in centrifugal blower
Authors: Garcia David , Stickland Matthew , Liśkiewicz Grzegorz 
Published: September 2015

AbstractMethods of dynamical system analysis were employed to analyze unsteady phenomena in a centrifugal blower. Pressure signals gathered at different control points were decomposed into their Principal Components (PCs) by means of Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA). Certain number of PCs was considered in the analysis based on their statistical correlation. Projection of the original signal onto its PCs allowed to draw the phase trajectory that clearly separated non-stable blower working conditions from its regular operation.
Computational assessment of the influence of the overlap ratio on the power characteristics of a Classical Savonius wind turbine
Authors: Kacprzak Konrad , Sobczak Krzysztof 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAn influence of the overlap on the performance of the Classical Savonius wind turbine was investigated. Unsteady two-dimensional numerical simulations were carried out for a wide range of overlap ratios. For selected configurations computation quality was verified by comparison with three-dimensional simulations and the wind tunnel experimental data available in literature. A satisfactory agreement was achieved. Power characteristics were determined for all the investigated overlap ratios for selected tip speed ratios. Obtained results indicate that the maximum device performance is achieved for the buckets overlap ratio close to 0.
Time-frequency analysis of the Surge Onset in the Centrifugal Blower
Authors: Liskiewicz Grzegorz , Horodko Longin 
Published: September 2015

Abstract Time frequency analysis of the surge onset was performed in the centrifugal blower. A pressure signal was registered at the blower inlet, outlet and three locations at the impeller shroud. The time-frequency scalograms were obtained by means of the Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT). The blower was found to successively operate in four different conditions: stable working condition, inlet recirculation, transient phase and deep surge. Scalograms revealed different spectral structures of aforementioned phases and suggest possible ways of detecting the surge predecessors.
Crystallization modification of poly(lactide) by using nucleating agents and stereocomplexation
Authors: Jiang Long , Shen Tianfeng , Xu Pengwu , Zhao Xiyuan , Li Xiaojie , Dong Weifu , Ma Piming , Chen Mingqing 
Published: September 2015

AbstractPoly(lactide), PLA, as one of the most promising biopolymers, has been receiving increasing attention in recent years because of its excellent performances in renewability, mechanical properties, biocompatibility and biodegradability. However, its application is limited by its brittleness and low heat distortion temperatures (HDT). The low HDT mainly results from a low crystallization rate and lack of crystallinity after fast processing, e.g. injection molding. Consequently, considerable attention was paid, in recent years, to achieve fast(er) crystallization of PLA. In here, we briefly review the research progress in the crystallization modification of PLA notably by means of adding nucleating agents and stereocomplexation.
PGE distribution in the Chromite bearing mafic-ultramafic Kondapalli Layered Complex, Krishna district, Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Meshram Tushar M. , Nannaware Shraddha. B. , Nannaware B. , Bhatacharjee Shantanu , Waghmare Minakshi. M. , Rajakumar T. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The Kondapalli Layered Complex (KLC) is a dismembered mafic-ultramafic layered intrusion, mainly composed of gabbroic and anorthositic rocks with subordinate ultramafics and chromitite. Chromitite occurs as lenses, pods, bands and disseminations. Platinum group of minerals (PGMs) occur as inclusions within chromite and silicates. The study indicates an inhomogeneous distribution of PGMs and distinct dominance of IPGEs over the PPGEs. The average ΣPGE content of chromite of KLC varies from 64 ppb to 576 ppb with Pt ranging from 5 to 495 ppb, Pd 5 to 191 ppb, Ir 3 to 106 ppb, Ru 3 to 376 ppb and Rh 3 to 135 ppb. The PGMs identified in the KLC indicate primary deposition of the IPGE, preceding chromite, indicating its orthomagmatic nature. Most of the PGM grains are usually below 10 μm. The identified PGMs are Laurite (RuS2), irarsite (Ir, As, S), iridosmine (Os, Ir), undetermined Os-Ir sulphide and Ru-Os-Ir-Zn alloys. Chromite also contains inclusions of pentlandite, millerite, chalcopyrite and pyrite. Study indicating that the KLC have orthomagmatic origin for PGE which are dominated by IPGE group and formed under surpa-subduction zone peridotite setting.
Marine vertebrates from the Santonian coastal carbonates ofnorthwestern Germany – a tool for the reconstruction of a Proto-North Sea Basin intertidal dinosaur-exchange bridge
Authors: Diedrich Cajus G. , Scheer Udo 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA diverse vertebrate fauna, dominated by sharkteeth, is recorded from conglomerates within the limestonesof the Upper Cretaceous (Santonian) BurgsteinfurtFormation of northwestern Germany. The conglomeratebeds comprise carbonatic, glauconitic and phosphatenodules, as well as Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous extraclasts.The Burgsteinfurt Formation conglomerates containfining-upwards parasequences 2–20 cm in thickness,interpreted as tempestite layers within a unit formed bylarger-scale Milankovitch Cycles. The presence of the inoceramidSphenoceramus patootensis and belemnite Gonioteuthisgranulata indicate a late Santonian age for theunit. The studied vertebrate fauna from the Weiner Eschlocality consists of 20 selachian species (14 macroselachiansand 6 microselachians), a few teleosts, rare marinemosasaur remains, and one tooth from a theropod dinosaur.95% of the vertebrates in the assemblage are depositionallyautochthonous, with the remaining materialreworked from older underlying Cenomanian–Coniacian(lower Upper Cretaceous) limestones. On the basis of observedsedimentary structures, the scarcity of deep-seaselachians, and the dominance of the Mitsukurinidae(59% of the preserved shark fauna) in the fossil assemblage,the unit is interpreted as a shallow (0–3 metresdeep), subtidal, nearshore environment, or even subaerialcarbonate-sand islands, located on the southern marginof a submarine swell. The presence of a Santonian theropodin this deposit, and other dinosaur records in northernGermany, together support the interpretation of ashort-lived uplift event with strong upwelling influence forthe Northwestphalian-Lippe submarine swell north of theRhenish Massif in the southern Proto- North Sea Basin. Anew migration model for dinosaurs moving along carbonatecoasts or intertidal zones of shallow carbonate-sand islandsin Central Europe is presented, which may explainthe scattered distribution of dinosaur remains across Europein the Upper Cretaceous.
A role for NGF and its receptors TrKA and p75NTR in the progression of COPD
Authors: Stabile Anna , Pistilli Alessandra , Crispoltoni Lucia , Montagnoli Claudia , Tiribuzi Roberto , Casali Lucio , Rende Mario 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Nerve growth factor and its receptors, TrkA and p75NTR, are involved in inflammation and airways diseases, but their role in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is still unclear and not well investigated. our data indicate the stage dependent variation of nerve growth factor and its receptors in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease progression. In fact, for the first time, this study evaluates the presence of nerve growth factor and its receptors in serum and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with different stages of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease compared to healthy subjects, non-smoker and current smoker. Serum monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-10 and forced expiratory volume in 1 s were also analyzed. Compared to healthy subjects, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients presented a staging-dependent increase in serum nerve growth factor, negatively correlated to forced expiratory volume in 1 s and positively to monocyte chemoattractant Protein-1. The percentage of p75NTR+ peripheral blood mononuclear cells increased in early stages of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (I–II), while TrKA+ peripheral blood mononuclear cells increased in late stages (III–IV). Our data demonstrate the involvement and modulation of nerve growth factor and its receptors in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and in its staging.
Differenzialdiagnose BCR-ABL1-negativer myeloproliferativer Neoplasien
Authors: Kvasnicka Hans Michael , Grießhammer Martin 
Published: September 2015

Zusammenfassung:
Die myeloproliferativen Neoplasien (MPN) gehen auf klonale Stammzellveränderungen zurück und zeigen eine unterschiedliche Knochenmarksmorphologie. Die Differenzialdiagnose zwischen den drei BCR-ABL1-negativen Entitäten essentielle Thrombozythämie, Polyzythaemia vera und primäre Myelofibrose ist häufig schwierig und sollte nach aktuellen Erkenntnissen auf den Kriterien der WHO basieren. Die Entdeckung neuer molekulare Marker wie Calreticulin (CALR) erlaubt eine bessere Abgrenzung einer MPN von reaktiven Veränderungen, wobei der alleinige Mutationsnachweis für die differenzialdiagnostische Abgrenzung der einzelnen Subtypen aber meist nicht ausreichend ist. Insofern ist insbesondere in frühen Stadien der MPN, die oftmals mit einer anhaltenden Thrombozytose einhergehen, eine gemeinsame Betrachtung hämatologischer, molekulargenetischer, zytologischer und vor allem histomorphologischer Befunde notwendig.
Identity of Innovative Multifunctional Material Manufacturing Business in Latvia / Inovatīvu Daudzfunkcionālo Materiālu Ražotāju Identitāte Latvijā
Authors: Geipele I. , Staube T. , Ciemleja G. , Zeltins N. , Ekmanis Yu. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The publication comprises the results from the practical scientific investigation to define the profile and distinctions of the Latvian innovative multifunctional material manufacturing industry. The research is carried out by a holistic approach, including expert interviews, qualitative analysis of the official register data, practical survey, and financial data analysis. The paper seeks to give the detailed data on a technological profile of the mentioned representative companies, if there is a synergy or tough competition in the Latvian market. The current research is topical, because it is unique and does not have analogues in Latvia, and the research is timely due to correspondence with recently stated Research and Innovation Strategies for Smart Specialisation in Latvia. The main findings are associated with recognition of the factors that make impact on commercialisation of the finished goods, obtained financial results and planned directions of development of the respondent companies.
Graphene synthesis: a Review
Authors: Shams S. Saqib , Zhang Ruoyu , Zhu Jin 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Graphene has achieved a great amount of popularity and interest from the science world because of its extraordinary physical, mechanical and thermal properties. Graphene is an allotrope of carbon, having one-atom-thick planar sheets of sp2 bonded carbon atoms densely packed in a honeycomb crystal lattice. Many methods to synthesize graphene have been developed over a short period and we believe it is necessary to create a list of the most notable approaches. This article focuses on the methods to synthesize graphene in an attempt to summarize and document advancements in the synthesis of graphene research and future prospects.
The influence of VO2(B) nanobelts on thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate
Authors: Zhang Yifu , Tan Xianfang , Meng Changgong 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The influence of vanadium dioxide VO2(B) on thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP) has not been reported before. In this contribution, the effect of VO2(B) nanobelts on the thermal decomposition of AP was investigated by the Thermo- Gravimetric Analysis and Differential Thermal Analysis (TG/DTA). VO2(B) nanobelts were hydrothermally prepared using peroxovanadium (V) complexes, ethanol and water as starting materials. The thermal decomposition temperatures of AP in the presence of I wt.%, 3 wt.% and 6 wt.% of as-obtained VO2<B) nanobelts were reduced by 39 °C. 62 °C and 74 °C, respectively. The results indicated that VO2(B) nanobelts had a great influence on the thermal decomposition temperature of AP Furthermore, the influence of the corresponding V2Os, which was obtained by thermal treatment of VO2(B) nanobelts, on the thermal decomposition of AP was also investigated. The resufs showed that VO2(B) nanobelts had a greater influence on the thermal decomposition temperature of AP than that of V2Os.
Diesel Engine performance improvement in a 1-D engine model using Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Karra Prashanth 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique was implemented to improve the engine development and optimization process to simultaneously reduce emissions and improve the fuel efficiency. The optimization was performed on a 4-stroke 4-cylinder GT-Power based 1-D diesel engine model. To achieve the multi-objective optimization, a merit function was defined which included the parameters to be optimized: Nitrogen Oxides (NOx), Nonmethyl hydro carbons (NMHC), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC). EPA Tier 3 emissions standards for non-road diesel engines between 37 and 75 kW of output were chosen as targets for the optimization. The combustion parameters analyzed in this study include: Start of main Injection, Start of Pilot Injection, Pilot fuel quantity, Swirl, and Tumble. The PSO was found to be very effective in quickly arriving at a solution that met the target criteria as defined in the merit function. The optimization took around 40-50 runs to find the most favourable engine operating condition under the constraints specified in the optimization. In a favourable case with a high merit function values, the NOx+NMHC and CO values were reduced to as low as 2.9 and 0.014 g/kWh, respectively. The operating conditions at this point were: 10 ATDC Main SOI, -25 ATDC Pilot SOI, 0.25 mg of pilot fuel, 0.45 Swirl and 0.85 tumble. These results indicate that late main injections preceded by a close, small pilot injection are most favourable conditions at the operating condition tested.
Relationship of cyanobacterial and algal assemblages with vegetation in the high Arctic tundra (West Spitsbergen, Svalbard Archipelago)
Authors: Richter Dorota , Pietryka Mirosława , Matuła Jan 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe paper presents the results of a study of cyanobacteria and green algae assemblages occurring in various tundra types determined on the basis of mosses and vascular plants and habitat conditions. The research was carried out during summer in the years 2009-2013 on the north sea-coast of Hornsund fjord (West Spitsbergen, Svalbard Archipelago). 58 sites were studied in various tundra types differing in composition of vascular plants, mosses and in trophy and humidity. 141 cyanobacteria and green algae were noted in the research area in total. Cyanobacteria and green algae flora is a significant element of many tundra types and sometimes even dominate there. Despite its importance, it has not been hitherto taken into account in the description and classification of tundra. The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the legitimacy of using phycoflora in supplementing the descriptions of hitherto described tundra and distinguishing new tundra types. Numeric hierarchical-accumulative classification (MVSP 3.1 software) methods were used to analyze the cyanobacterial and algal assemblages and their co-relations with particular tundra types. The analysis determined dominant and distinctive species in the communities in concordance with ecologically diverse types of tundra. The results show the importance of these organisms in the composition of the vegetation of tundra types and their role in the ecosystems of this part of the Arctic.
Review and selection criteria of classical thermodynamic models for acid gas absorption in aqueous alkanolamines
Authors: Suleman Humbul , Maulud Abdulhalim Shah , Man Zakaria 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe knowledge of vapour-liquid equilibrium (VLE) and thermodynamic properties plays a pivotal role in the process development of absorption systems for acid gas capture in precombustion and postcombustion streams. A large number of thermodynamic modelling approaches for acid gas absorption in aqueous alkanolamine solutions are published in the literature. However, the reviews of these modelling techniques are limited and scattered. Moreover, poor guidelines exist for the selection of an appropriate modelling approach for the VLE prediction of the aforementioned system. Therefore, the current study presents a concise classification and review of classical thermodynamic models for acid gas absorption in aqueous alkanolamine solutions since their inception. The article systematically details the chronological development and highlights the major capabilities and limitations of classical thermodynamic approaches, namely, semiempirical models, activity coefficient models, and equation of state (and equation of state/excess Gibbs energy) models. A graphical comparison of VLE prediction by each classical approach is presented to form a general guideline in the selection of a suitable approach for process development studies. The review precisely discusses the issues, challenges, and future prospects of each classical thermodynamic approach in the context of application, complexity, and development.