bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polysymptomatic Distress in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: Understanding Disproportionate Response and Its Spectrum
Authors: Wolfe Frederick , Michaud Kaleb , Busch Ruth E. , Katz Robert S. , Rasker Johannes J. , Shahouri Shadi H. , Shaver Timothy S. , Wang Shirley , Walitt Brian T. , Häuser Winfried 
Published: February 2014

ObjectiveFibromyalgia (FM) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) can cause consternation because symptoms are seen to be out of proportion to physician and laboratory assessments, and composite RA activity scores such as the 28 joint Disease Activity Score, Clinical Disease Activity Index, and Routine Assessment of Patient Index Data 3 (RAPID‐3) can yield apparently “wrong” results. We explored the effect of polysymptomatic distress (PSD), a measure of fibromyalgianess and a quantity derived from the American College of Rheumatology 2010 FM diagnostic criteria, to explain the relationship of patient to physician variables.MethodsWe obtained PSD scores on 300 RA patients prior to ordinary clinical care, and assessed the associations of PSD with tender and swollen joints, physician global estimate of RA activity, pain, Health Assessment Questionnaire score, and composite RA activity measures during routine clinic assessments.ResultsPSD scores greater than the sample mean (8.8) were associated with increased patient symptoms regardless of the presence or absence of FM, while scores below the mean were associated with better patient outcomes. PSD scores predicted all patient outcomes and less strongly predicted physician outcomes. The discrepancy between patient and physician measures was greatest at low levels of physician‐estimated disease activity.ConclusionPSD rather than FM diagnosis more usefully identifies and predicts disproportionate responses. Just as there are patients who lean disproportionately toward greater severity, there are also patients who disproportionately report milder symptoms. Composite measures used to assess RA are flawed, as they confound RA inflammation and patient distress, and more consideration should be given to disaggregated assessments. PSD also appears to be influenced weakly by RA disease activity.
Engineered Magnetic Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Canfarotta Francesco , Piletsky Sergey A. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIn the past decades, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have been used in wide range of diverse applications, ranging from separation to sensing. Here, synthesis and applications of functionalized MNPs in the biomedical field are discussed, in particular in drug delivery, imaging, and cancer therapy, highlighting also recent progresses in the development of multifunctional and stimuli‐responsive MNPs. The role of their size, composition, and surface functionalization is analyzed, together with their biocompatibility issues.
Brazilian quilombos: A repository of Amerindian alleles
Authors: Gontijo Carolina Carvalho , Guerra Amorim Carlos Eduardo , Godinho Neide Maria Oliveira , Toledo Rafaela Cesare Parmezan , Nunes Adriana , Silva Wellington , Da Fonseca Moura Maria Manuela , De Oliveira José Carlos Coutinho , Pagotto Rubiani C. , De Nazaré Klautau‐Guimarães Maria , De Oliveira Silviene Fabiana 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTObjectivesAs a consequence of colonization of the Americas and decimation of the native population, an important portion of autochthonous genetic variation has been lost. However, some alleles have been incorporated into the growing populations of admixed mestizos. In this study, we evaluated the potential of African‐derived communities in Brazil to be repositories of Amerindian alleles and, by extension, a source of information on American prehistory.MethodsIn this study, we describe the genetic variation of 15 ancestry informative markers (AIMs) of autosomal origin in two quilombos, Brazilian populations mainly of African descent, Santo Antônio do Guaporé (SAG; N = 31), and Santiago do Iguape (STI; N = 37). We compared the AIMs from these populations to those of other African–Brazilian populations, and to the Distrito Federal (N = 168), an urban population representative of Brazilian genetic diversity.ResultsBy admixture analysis, we found that the SAG and STI communities have a much higher proportion (over 40%) of Amerindian contribution to their gene pools than other admixed Brazilian populations, in addition to marked African contributions.ConclusionsThese results identify two living African–Brazilian populations that carry unique and important genetic information regarding Amerindian history. These populations will be extremely valuable in future investigations into American pre‐history and Native American evolutionary dynamics. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 26:142–150, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Multifunctional Photo‐ and Redox‐Active Tetrathiafulvalene‐based Organogelators: A Modular Approach
Authors: Canevet David , Repussard Véronique , Sallé Marc 
Published: February 2014

AbstractA family of tetrathiafulvalene (TTF)‐pyrene conjugates prone to gel various organic solvents was synthesized. Through a modular approach, the role of different chemical functions in the gelation process was assessed by varying systematically the alkyl chain length, the nature of the TTF‐pyrene linkage, and the number of pyrene units. Moreover, one of these systems was thoroughly studied by NMR, UV/vis absorption, and fluorescence spectroscopy as well as by cyclic voltammetry, which showed their high potential in the context of molecular logics.
A Cobalt‐Catalyzed Alkene Hydroboration with Pinacolborane
Authors: Zhang Lei , Zuo Ziqing , Leng Xuebing , Huang Zheng 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAn extremely efficient cobalt catalyst for the hydroboration of both vinylarenes and aliphatic α‐olefins with pinacolborane is described, providing the anti‐Markovnikov products with excellent regio‐ and chemoselectivity, broad functional‐group tolerance, and high turnover numbers (up to 19 800). The alkene hydroboration route is further extended to a two‐step, one‐pot hydroboration and cross‐coupling of alkylboronates with aryl chlorides.
Incorporating Multistaged Geophysical Data into Regional‐scale Models: a Case Study from an Adena Burial Mound in Central Kentucky
Authors: Henry Edward R. , Laracuente Nicolas R. , Case Jared S. , Johnson Jay K. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTA multistaged geophysical methodology was recently used at site 15Ck10, a state‐protected Middle Woodland period Adena (500 bce to ce 250) conical burial mound in Central Kentucky, USA. Data from this research are used to develop anthropological interpretations on the nature of burial mound construction and regional interaction between separate mortuary traditions in Kentucky. Methods utilized in this research include magnetic gradiometry, electromagnetic induction, ground‐penetrating radar, electrical resistivity tomography and downhole magnetic susceptibility. Together, these methods helped identify a circular ditch‐and‐embankment earthwork enclosing the burial mound, as well as possible off‐mound activity areas commonly reported in the Adena literature. Within the mound, multiple anomalies were discovered that are consistent with hypothesized geophysical responses of mound stages and funerary features. A review of burial mounds excavated by the University of Kentucky during the depression‐era work relief programmes (i.e. the Works Progress Administration – WPA) of the 1930s and early 1940s provide a vehicle with which to interpret these features. Comparisons of our data with length and width dimensions of known mortuary facilities documented in WPA excavations suggest that two distinct burial types were used at 15Ck10. These data are used to build a comprehensive site interpretation and create a relative dating context for the site. We use the site‐level model to evaluate regional interaction on Kentucky's Middle Woodland social landscape. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
George Box and Robust Design
Authors: Jones Stephen P. 
Published: February 2014

George Box's pioneering research in experimental design has impacted many scientific and engineering disciplines. The research was often motivated by the real‐world problems of scientists and engineers. His research in robust design was motivated by engineering applications identified by Genichi Taguchi, that of designing a product or process that is insensitive to environmental conditions and to variation from components.George Box acknowledged the important contribution that Taguchi made in showing the value of the engineering concept of robust design in the design of industrial products and process, for realizing the potential of design of experiments as a methodology to identify robust product designs and for convincing engineers to run these experiments.George Box recognized that there were opportunities to improve on the design and analysis of experiments methods that Taguchi advocated for robust design. In this paper, we focus on his research in three areas of robust design: (i) experimental design methods for designing products robust to environmental variation; (ii) designing products robust to transmitted variation from components; and (iii) analysis methods for robust design experiments. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinical effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in adhesive postoperative small bowel obstruction
Authors: Fukami Y , Kurumiya Y , Mizuno K , Sekoguchi E , Kobayashi S 
Published: February 2014

Abstract

Background
Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy is a controversial treatment for adhesive postoperative small bowel obstruction, with only a few small studies reported. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical value of HBO therapy in the treatment of adhesive postoperative small bowel obstruction.

Methods
Between April 2006 and March 2012, all patients with adhesive postoperative small bowel obstruction were treated using either decompression therapy or HBO. Patients undergoing HBO therapy were treated once a day at a pressure of 2·0 atmospheres absolute and received 100 per cent oxygen. Patients showing no clinical and radiological improvement with HBO therapy were converted to decompression therapy by means of a long tube. Medical records were reviewed and outcomes analysed.

Results
A total of 305 patients were treated, of whom 142 underwent tube decompression therapy during the first 3 years and the remaining 163 had HBO therapy during the last 3 years. The median number of HBO treatments was 3 (range 1–7). A total of 143 patients (87·7 per cent) were treated successfully with HBO without long-tube decompression. HBO therapy was associated with earlier resumption of oral intake (mean 4·7 versus 6·5 days; P = 0·001) and a shorter hospital stay (mean 10·3 versus 14·1 days; P = 0·001). The rate of operation was 7·4 per cent in the HBO group and 14·8 per cent in group treated by decompression alone (P = 0·037).

Conclusion
In this study, HBO therapy was safe for the treatment of adhesive postoperative small bowel obstruction. It reduced the need for surgery and time to recovery as well as the hospital stay.
Effect of supervised exercise on physical function and balance in patients with intermittent claudication
Authors: Mockford K A , Gohil R A , Mazari F , Khan J A , Vanicek N , Coughlin P A , Chetter I C 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the study was to identify whether a standard supervised exercise programme (SEP) for patients with intermittent claudication improved specific measures of functional performance including balance.MethodsA prospective observational study was performed at a single tertiary vascular centre. Patients with symptomatic intermittent claudication (Rutherford grades 1–3) were recruited to the study. Participants were assessed at baseline (before SEP) and 3, 6 and 12 months afterwards for markers of lower-limb ischaemia (treadmill walking distance and ankle : brachial pressure index), physical function (6-min walk, Timed Up and Go test, and Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) score), balance impairment using computerized dynamic posturography with the Sensory Organization Test (SOT), and quality of life (VascuQoL and Short Form 36).ResultsFifty-one participants underwent SEP, which significantly improved initial treadmill walking distance (P = 0·001). Enrolment in a SEP also resulted in improvements in physical function as determined by 6-min maximum walking distance (P = 0·006), SPPB score (P &lt; 0·001), and some domains of both generic (bodily pain, P = 0·025) and disease-specific (social domain, P = 0·039) quality of life. Significant improvements were also noted in balance, as determined by the SOT (P &lt; 0·001).ConclusionSupervised exercise improves both physical function and balance impairment.
Palladium on Ionic Liquid Derived Nanofibrillated Mesoporous Carbon: A Recyclable Catalyst for the Ullmann Homocoupling Reactions of Aryl Halides in Water
Authors: Karimi Babak , Behzadnia Hesam , Vali Hojatollah 
Published: February 2014

AbstractPalladium nanoparticles supported on nanofibrillated mesoporous carbon (Pd@IFMC) were found to be highly active in heterogeneous catalysis for the Ullmann homocoupling of a broad range of aryl chlorides, bromides and iodides in aqueous medium without the need to any chemical co‐reducing agents. The catalysts could be recovered and reused several times without significant loss of activity.
An Artificial Imine Reductase based on the Ribonuclease S Scaffold
Authors: Genz Maika , Köhler Valentin , Krauss Michel , Singer David , Hoffmann Ralf , Ward Thomas R. , Sträter Norbert 
Published: February 2014

AbstractDative anchoring of a piano‐stool complex within ribonuclease S resulted in an artificial imine reductase. The catalytic performance was modulated upon variation of the coordinating amino acid residues in the S‐peptide. Binding of Cp*Ir (Cp*=C5Me5) to the native active site resulted in good conversions and moderate enantiomeric excess values for the synthesis of salsolidine.
A Homogeneous Metal Oxide Catalyst Enhanced Solid–Solid Reaction in the Hydrogen Desorption of a Lithium–Hydrogen–Nitrogen System
Authors: Zhang Tengfei , Isobe Shigehito , Wang Yongming , Hashimoto Naoyuki , Ohnuki Somei 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIn this study, LiTi2O4 was synthesized as a possible catalyst in the Li‐N‐H system. The properties of hydrogen desorption in the Li‐N‐H system with a homogeneous catalyst have been investigated. The X‐ray diffraction and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy results indicated that the single phase of LiTi2O4 was successfully synthesized and it was stable in the sample after high energy ball‐milling and heat treatment. LiTi2O4 exhibited a catalytic effect in the Li‐N‐H system according to the thermogravimetry differential thermal analysis results. During dehydrogenation, a storage capacity of 5.7 wt % was obtained under moderate temperature. A sharp peak of thermal gas desorption mass spectrometry curve occurred at 227 °C. Furthermore, the catalytic mechanism of LiTi2O4 in the Li‐N‐H system was discussed in accordance with the experimental results.
Catalytic Ozone Decomposition in a Gas‐Solids Circulating Fluidized‐Bed Riser
Authors: Kong Lei , Zhu Jesse , Zhang Chao 
Published: February 2014

AbstractComputational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling of the catalytic ozone decomposition reaction in a circulating fluidized‐bed (CFB) riser, using iron‐impregnated fluid catalytic cracking particles as catalyst, is carried out. The catalytic reaction is defined as a one‐step reaction, and the reaction equation is modified by with respect to the particle surface area, Ap, and an empirical coefficient. The Eularian‐Eularian method with the kinetic theory of granular flow is used to solve the gas‐solids two‐phase flow in the CFB riser. The simulation results are compared with experimental data, and the reaction rate is modified by using an empirical coefficient, to provide better simulation results than the original reaction rate. Moreover, the particle size has great effects on the reaction rate. The generality of the CFD model is further validated under different operating conditions of the riser.
Volumetric Oxygen Mass Transfer Coefficient and Surface Tension in Simulated Salt Bioremediation Media
Authors: Souza Ellen Cristina , Moraes Dante Augusto , Vessoni‐Penna Thereza Christina , Converti Attilio , Oliveira Ricardo Pinheiro de Souza 
Published: February 2014

AbstractToluene can be removed from contaminated sites via bioremediation through the addition of biosurfactant compounds, which reduce the surface tension. However, aeration and mixing must be optimized to ensure an effective volumetric oxygen mass transfer coefficient (kLa). Experiments were perfomed with different salt containing solutions, which were tested either as such, or with different supplements. kLa values obtained at different agitation intensities and aeration rates were compared with those in water, and correlated with power number and superficial gas velocity. Surface tension decreased when surfactin was added to toluene‐containing media. The seawater‐simulating medium exhibited the highest surface tension reduction.
Hydrogenation of p‐Nitrophenol to p‐Aminophenol as a Test Reaction for the Catalytic Activity of Supported Pt Catalysts
Authors: Goepel Michael , Al‐Naji Majd , With Patrick , Wagner Gerald , Oeckler Oliver , Enke Dirk , Gläser Roger 
Published: February 2014

AbstractHydrogenation of p‐nitrophenol (PNP) to p‐aminophenol (PAP) using NaBH4 as a reducing agent was studied as a test reaction for determining the catalytic activity of supported Pt catalysts. The initial reaction rate, which is accessible within less than 10 min via online UV‐vis spectroscopy at room temperature, ambient pressure, and in water as solvent, was applied as measure for catalytic activity. For three Pt catalysts supported on porous SiO2, porous glass, and Al2O3, respectively, significant differences in the catalytic activity by almost one order of magnitude were observed. However, especially in the case of very active catalysts, limitations of the reaction by internal or external mass transfer have to be considered.
Fragmentation of Gas‐Borne Nanoparticle‐Agglomerates during Oblique Impaction
Authors: Gensch Manuel , Weber Alfred P. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractOffene Nanopartikel‐Agglomerate aus SiO2‐ und Pt‐Primärpartikeln werden in einem einstufigen Niederdruckimpaktor fragmentiert. Dabei zeigt sich, dass mit abnehmendem Auftreffwinkel eine stärkere Fragmentierung auftritt. Der Fragmentierungsgrad kann mit den ermittelten Projektionsflächen der Ausgangsagglomerate und der Fragmente beschrieben werden, während die ermittelten Verläufe des Fragmentierungsgrades mit der Weibull‐Statistik erfasst werden können. Dabei werden als Parameter die Einsatzenergie und eine Materialkonstante verwendet, die beide auch eine Funktion des Impaktionswinkels sind.
Geochemical Characteristics of Soil C, N, P, and Their Stoichiometrical Significance in the Coastal Wetlands of Laizhou Bay, Bohai Sea
Authors: Cao Lei , Song Jinming , Li Xuegang , Yuan Huamao , Li Ning , Duan Liqin , Wang Qidong 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThis study analyzed the variations of soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) with depth in coastal wetlands of Laizhou Bay, Bohai Sea. Generally, average contents of SOC and TN were higher at tidal flooding Guangrao wetland (GRA) than those at Changyi (CY) wetland where the tidal can rarely reached. Among the five profiles, higher variations of SOC and TN were observed in CYB1 and CYB2, where the TP contents showed lower variations. SOC showed a rapid decrease with depth in CYB1 and CYB2, whereas they tended to increase with depth in GRA1 and GRA2. Vertical distributions of TN were significantly correlated with SOC in profile GRA1, CYB1, and CYB2. However, no clear trend was found on the vertical variations of TP. Additionally, C, N, and P ecological stoichiometry in these two coastal wetlands had high complexities within wetland. The C/N ratios were generally higher, while the C/P ratios and the N/P ratios were comparatively low, indicating the coastal wetland biogeochemical processes were more limited by N and P, with the former may being the primary factor. Our results also indicated that both vegetation coverage and tidal flooding were important in the biogeochemical processes of these coastal wetlands.
Adjunctive traditional Chinese medicine therapy improves survival in patients with advanced breast cancer: A population‐based study
Authors: Lee Yuan‐Wen , Chen Ta‐Liang , Shih Yu‐Ru Vernon , Tsai Chu‐Lin , Chang Chuen‐Chau , Liang Hung‐Hua , Tseng Sung‐Hui , Chien Shu‐Chen , Wang Ching‐Chiung 
Published: February 2014

BACKGROUNDTraditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is one of the most common complementary and alternative medicines used in the treatment of patients with breast cancer. However, the clinical effect of TCM on survival, which is a major concern in these individuals, lacks evidence from large‐scale clinical studies.METHODSThe authors used the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database to conduct a retrospective population‐based cohort study of patients with advanced breast cancer between 2001 and 2010. The patients were separated into TCM users and nonusers, and Cox regression models were applied to determine the association between the use of TCM and patient survival.RESULTSA total of 729 patients with advanced breast cancer receiving taxanes were included in the current study. Of this cohort, the mean age was 52.0 years; 115 patients were TCM users (15.8%) and 614 patients were TCM nonusers. The mean follow‐up was 2.8 years, with 277 deaths reported to occur during the 10‐year period. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that, compared with nonusers, the use of TCM was associated with a significantly decreased risk of all‐cause mortality (adjusted hazards ratio [HR], 0.55 [95% confidence interval, 0.33‐0.90] for TCM use of 30‐180 days; adjusted HR, 0.46 [95% confidence interval, 0.27‐0.78] for TCM use of > 180 days). Among the frequently used TCMs, those found to be most effective (lowest HRs) in reducing mortality were Bai Hua She She Cao, Ban Zhi Lian, and Huang Qi.CONCLUSIONSThe results of the current observational study suggest that adjunctive TCM therapy may lower the risk of death in patients with advanced breast cancer. Future randomized controlled trials are required to validate these findings.Cancer2014;120:1338–1344. ©2014 American Cancer Society.
Wave Generation in a Warm Magnetized Multi‐Component Plasma
Authors: Brodin G. , Stenflo L. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe resonant interaction between three waves propagating perpendicularly to an external magnetic field in a plasma is considered. We present the explicit expressions for the three wave coupling coefficients of a warm multi‐component plasma. The results of previous work on the generation of THz radiation by laser plasma interaction are significantly improved. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)