bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association Between Physical Activity and Risk of Fracture
Authors: Qu Xinhua , Zhang Xiaoyu , Zhai Zanjing , Li Haowei , Liu Xuqiang , Li Huiwu , Liu Guangwang , Zhu Zhenan , Hao Yongqiang , Dai Kerong 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

Prospective studies that have examined the association between physical activity and fracture risks have reported conflicting findings. We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate this association. We searched MEDLINE (1966 to February 1, 2013), EMBASE (1980 to February 1, 2013), and OVID (1950 to February 1, 2013) for prospective cohort studies with no restrictions. Categorical, heterogeneity, publication bias, and subgroup analyses were performed. There were 22 cohort studies with 1,235,768 participants and 14,843 fractures, including 8874 hip, 690 wrist, and 927 vertebral fractures. The pooled relative risk (RR) of total fractures for the highest versus lowest category of physical activity was 0.71 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.63–0.80). The analysis of fracture subtypes showed a statistically significant inverse relationship between a higher category of physical activity and risk of hip and wrist fracture. The risk of hip or wrist fracture was 39% and 28% lower, respectively, among individuals with the highest category of physical activity than among those with the lowest category (95% CI, 0.54–0.69 and 0.49–0.96, respectively). The association between physical activity and vertebral fracture risk was not statistically related (RR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.72–1.03). There was no evidence of publication bias. There was a statistically significant inverse association between physical activity and total fracture risk, especially for hip and wrist fractures. Additional subject-level meta-analyses are required for a more reliable assessment of subgroups and types of physical activity. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Knockdown of core binding factorβ alters sphingolipid metabolism
Authors: Greer Adam H. , Yong Thomas , Fennell Katie , Moustafa Yara W. , Fowler Marcie , Galiano Floyd , Ng Shu‐Wing , Berkowitz Ross S. , Cardelli James , Meyers Shari , Davis J. Nathan 
Published: June 2013

AbstractCore binding factor (CBF) is a heterodimeric transcription factor containing one of three DNA‐binding proteins of the Runt‐related transcription factor family (RUNX1–3) and the non‐DNA‐binding protein, CBFβ. RUNX1 and CBFβ are the most common targets of chromosomal rearrangements in leukemia. CBF has been implicated in other cancer types; for example RUNX1 and RUNX2 are implicated in cancers of epithelial origin, including prostate, breast, and ovarian cancers. In these tumors, CBF is involved in maintaining the malignant phenotype and, when highly over‐expressed, contributes to metastatic growth in bone. Herein, lentiviral delivery of CBFβ‐specific shRNAs was used to achieve a 95% reduction of CBFβ in an ovarian cancer cell line. This drastic reduction in CBFβ expression resulted in growth inhibition that was not associated with a cell cycle block or an increase in apoptosis. However, CBFβ silencing resulted in increased autophagy and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Since sphingolipid and ceramide metabolism regulates non‐apoptotic cell death, autophagy, and ROS production, fumonsin B1 (FB1), an inhibitor of ceramide synthase, was used to alter ceramide production in the CBFβ‐silenced cells. FB1 treatment inhibited the CBFβ‐dependent increase in autophagy and provided a modest increase in cell survival. To document alterations to sphingolipids in the CBFβ‐silenced cells, ceramide, and lactosylceramide levels were directly examined by mass spectrometry. Substantial increases in ceramide species and decreases in lactosylceramides were identified. Altogether, this report provides evidence that CBF transcriptional pathways control cellular survival, at least in part, through sphingolipid metabolism. J. Cell. Physiol. 228: 2350–2364, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Investigation of the interhemispheric asymmetry in reverse convection near solstice during northward interplanetary magnetic field conditions using MHD simulations
Authors: Wilder F. D. , Eriksson S. , Wiltberger M. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe reverse convection potential under northward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) is significantly larger in the summer ionosphere than in the winter. In this study, we use the Coupled Magnetosphere‐Ionosphere‐Thermosphere model to simulate a Northern Hemisphere winter event where observations have shown asymmetry in both the reverse convection strength between hemispheres and the magnetic field topology associated with the ionospheric reverse convection cells. We show that a topological asymmetry, in which reconnection between the geomagnetic field and the IMF occurs in the summer hemisphere, first drives the interhemispheric asymmetry in reverse convection strength rather than an interhemispheric asymmetry in ionospheric conductivity. We find a large amount of overdraped open magnetic flux connected to the summer hemisphere that results from this reconnection bypasses the winter hemisphere x line and reconnects with the IMF again in the summer hemisphere lobe. This leads to a large amount of circulating lobe flux in the summer hemisphere and stagnant lobe flux in the winter hemisphere, while maintaining a divergence‐free field, as well as the weaker reverse convection potential in the winter hemisphere ionosphere.
Transient simulation of orbital‐scale precipitation variation in monsoonal East Asia and arid central Asia during the last 150 ka
Authors: Li Xinzhou , Liu Xiaodong , Qiu Linjing , An Zhisheng , Yin Zhi‐Yong 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA long‐term transient simulation is conducted using the Community Climate System Model version 3 and the orbital acceleration technique to analyze the impact of insolation change caused by the Earth's orbital forcing on precipitation in the monsoonal East Asia (EA) and arid central Asia (CA) over the past 150 ka. Our results show that annual precipitation in both EA and CA has strong signals of the 20 ka precessional cycles and varies in phase with the Northern Hemisphere (NH) summer insolation. Similar characteristics can also be observed from previously published oxygen isotope records of stalagmites near EA and CA. Composite analyses based on seven precessional cycles suggest that the increase (decrease) in the NH summer (winter) insolation enhances EA (CA) summer (winter) precipitation by modulation of the Asian monsoon (westerly) circulation in summer (winter). When the precession‐induced NH summer insolation increases, the Asian summer monsoon circulation is enhanced and EA precipitation increases significantly. Meanwhile, the increase in the summer insolation at the precessional scale is accompanied by a decrease in the winter insolation, which causes dramatic cooling of the troposphere in the lower latitudes. Consequently, the CA winter precipitation increases due to the changes in the temperature gradient and the westerly circulation. Therefore, the responses of the Asian monsoon and westerly circulation to summer and winter insolation variations induced by the precessional cycles determine precipitation in the respective rainy seasons and are the primary cause leading to the synchronous variation patterns of annual precipitation in EA and CA at the orbital scale.
Lidar‐derived estimate and uncertainty of carbon sink in successional phases of woody encroachment
Authors: Sankey Temuulen , Shrestha Rupesh , Sankey Joel B. , Hardegree Stuart , Strand Eva 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWoody encroachment is a globally occurring phenomenon that contributes to the global carbon sink. The magnitude of this contribution needs to be estimated at regional and local scales to address uncertainties present in the global‐ and continental‐scale estimates, and guide regional policy and management in balancing restoration activities, including removal of woody plants, with greenhouse gas mitigation goals. The objective of this study was to estimate carbon stored in various successional phases of woody encroachment. Using lidar measurements of individual trees, we present high‐resolution estimates of aboveground carbon storage in juniper woodlands. Segmentation analysis of lidar point cloud data identified a total of 60,628 juniper tree crowns across four watersheds. Tree heights, canopy cover, and density derived from lidar were strongly correlated with field measurements of 2613 juniper stems measured in 85 plots (30 × 30 m). Aboveground total biomass of individual trees was estimated using a regression model with lidar‐derived height and crown area as predictors (Adj. R2 = 0.76, p < 0.001, RMSE = 0.58 kg). The predicted mean aboveground woody carbon storage for the study area was 677 g/m2. Uncertainty in carbon storage estimates was examined with a Monte Carlo approach that addressed major error sources. Ranges predicted with uncertainty analysis in the mean, individual tree, aboveground woody C, and associated standard deviation were 0.35 – 143.6 kg and 0.5 – 1.25 kg, respectively. Later successional phases of woody encroachment had, on average, twice the aboveground carbon relative to earlier phases. Woody encroachment might be more successfully managed and balanced with carbon storage goals by identifying priority areas in earlier phases of encroachment where intensive treatments are most effective.
Biology of anterior cruciate ligament injury and repair: Kappa delta ann doner vaughn award paper 2013
Authors: Murray Martha Meaney , Fleming Braden C. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTAnterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are currently treated by removing the injured ligament and replacing it with a tendon graft. Recent studies have examined alternative treatment methods, including repair and regeneration of the injured ligament. In order to make such an approach feasible, a basic understanding of ACL biology and its response to injury is needed. Identification of obstacles to native ACL healing can then be identified and potentially resolved using tissue engineering strategies—first, with in vitro screening assays, and then with in vivo models of efficacy and safety. This Perspectives paper outlines this path of discovery for optimizing ACL healing using a bio‐enhanced repair technique. This journey required constructing indices of the functional tissue response, pioneering physiologically based methods of biomechanical testing, developing, and validating clinically relevant animal models, and creating and optimizing translationally feasible scaffolds, surgical techniques, and biologic additives. Using this systematic translational approach, “bio‐enhanced” ACL repair has been advanced to the point where it may become an option for future treatment of acute ACL injuries and the prevention of subsequent post‐traumatic osteoarthritis associated with this injury. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31:1501–1506, 2013
Eared grebe diet on Great Salt Lake, Utah, and competition with the commercial harvest of brine shrimp cysts
Authors: Roberts Anthony J. , Conover Michael R. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractInteractions between wildlife and commercial harvest industries need to be understood to manage resources for all users. About 1.5 million eared grebes (Podiceps nigricollis), half the North American population, stage on Utah's Great Salt Lake (GSL) each fall. A $56 million commercial harvest industry also operates during fall when the harvest of brine shrimp (Artemia franciscana) cysts occurs. Eared grebes and commercial harvest both utilize brine shrimp cysts creating a potentially adverse relationship. We assessed the diet of eared grebes to determine the extent to which they are dependent on brine shrimp and their cysts. We collected individual birds to measure diets and examine changes in body condition of staging eared grebes. Cysts were consumed by 40% of collected eared grebes and made up >75% of aggregate biomass of stomach samples. Despite the high occurrence of cysts in stomach samples, cysts were not the primary food item of eared grebes. Cysts were held in the stomach for longer periods by feather mass, so esophagus samples were a better indicator of diet. Adult brine shrimp were the primary food collected from the esophagus from October until December. After cold water temperatures caused a die‐off of adult brine shrimp, cysts became more prevalent in the diet of eared grebes. Concomitantly, eared grebe body weights decreased as their diet shifted to brine shrimp cysts. Current monitoring and management of commercial harvest are sufficient to maintain yearly populations of adult brine shrimp to sustain eared grebes populations. © 2013 The Wildlife Society.
ATR controls the UV‐related upregulation of the CDKN1A mRNA in a Cdk1/HuR‐dependent manner
Authors: Al‐Khalaf Huda H. , Aboussekhra Abdelilah 
Published: June 2013

AbstractUltraviolet (UV) light is a carcinogenic agent that upregulates the expression of several genes involved in various cellular processes, including cell cycle checkpoints and apoptosis. The universal cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor p21WAF1/Cip1 plays major roles in these processes, and the level of its corresponding message increases several times in response to UV‐induced DNA damage. This upregulation is mainly posttranscriptional owing to HuR‐dependent mRNA stabilization. Since the protein kinase Atr plays major roles during the cellular response to UV damage, we sought to investigate its possible implication in the stabilization of the p21WAF1/Cip1 coding mRNA. We have shown that the UV‐dependent accumulation of the CDKN1A mRNA is indeed under the control of the Atr protein kinase. Upon UV damage, Atr allows nuclear–cytoplasmic shuttling of the HuR protein, which binds the CDKN1A mRNA and reduces its turnover. This ATR‐dependent effect is mediated through UV‐related phosphorylation/inactivation of the Cdk1 protein kinase by Atr, which leads to the dissociation of HuR from Cdk1. Indeed, inhibition or shRNA specific knockdown of CDK1 in ATR‐deficient cells enhanced the cytoplasmic level of HuR and restored the CDKN1A mRNA upregulation in response to UV damage. These results show that ATR stabilizes the CDKN1A message in response to UV damage through Cdk1‐related cytoplasmic accumulation of HuR. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Neues aus der zweiten Familie
Authors: Lauss Bernhard , Kirch Klaus 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWährend das Elektron zur ersten Familie der Fermionen gehört, ist das Myon sein schwerer Vetter aus der zweiten Familie. Es zerfällt allerdings nach rund zwei Mikrosekunden. Am Paul Scherrer Institut gelang eine neue hochpräzise Messung dieser Lebensdauer. Sie erlaubt es, die Kopplungskonstante, das heißt die Stärke, der schwachen Kraft präziser zu bestimmen. Diese Naturkonstante ist fundamental wichtig für das Verständnis von radioaktiven Zerfällen, Kernfusion und besonders für das Standardmodell der Teilchenphysik. Myonen haben den Vorteil, dass sie sich an einem Beschleuniger in großer Menge erzeugen lassen. Sie eignen sich einerseits für Präzisionsmessungen, um Parameter des Standardmodells genauer festzulegen. Andererseits spielen sie auch auf der Suche nach “neuer Physik” eine wichtige Rolle.
Astronomie mit SkEye
Authors: Bernshausen Henrik , Kuhn Jochen , Wilhelm Thomas , Lück Stephan 
Published: July 2013

AbstractSkEye ist eine Sternkarten‐App für Smartphones mit dem Betriebssystem Android. Ähnlich dem bekannten Google Sky Map können mit Hilfe von SkEye Himmelskörper am Himmel gefunden oder identifiziert werden. Zusätzlich enthält die App einen Modus, der es ermöglicht, mit dem Smartphone Teleskope auf gewünschte Positionen auszurichten.
Controlled synthesis of new amphiphilic glycopolymers with liquid crystal grafts
Authors: Ferji Khalid , Nouvel Cécile , Babin Jérôme , Albouy Pierre‐Antoine , Li Min‐Hui , Six Jean‐Luc 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTA cholesterol‐based liquid crystal monomer, diethylene glycol cholesteryl ether acrylate (DEGCholA), has been successfully polymerized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) for the first time. Appropriate experimental conditions to control the polymerization of DEGCholA have been investigated using a model initiator (ethyl 2‐bromoisobutyrate) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) or toluene at 60 °C. Well‐controlled ATRP of DEGCholA was obtained using N,N,N′,N′,N″‐pentamethyldiethylenetriamine as ligand in THF at 60 °C. These conditions were then applied to initiate the ATRP of DEGCholA from multifunctional macroinitiators based on dextran. Using a protection/deprotection synthetic scheme, novel graft glycopolymers (Dex‐g‐PDEGCholA) have been synthesized. The mesomorphic properties of DEGCholA, PDEGCholA, and Dex‐g‐PDEGCholA have been studied by thermal polarizing optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and X‐ray scattering. PDEGCholA and Dex‐g‐PDEGCholA show an interdigitated smectic A phase (SmAd) between Tg (∼30 °C) and around 170 °C. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 3829–3839
Dapagliflozin: first SGLT2 inhibitor for type 2 diabetes
Authors: Chaplin Steve , Wilding John 
Published: July 2013

AbstractDapagliflozin (Forxiga) is the first SGLT2 inhibitor licensed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. In our New products review, Steve Chaplin presents the clinical data relating to its efficacy and adverse events, and Professor John Wilding discusses its potential role in treatment.
Intense intra‐3d luminescence and waveguide properties of single Co‐doped ZnO nanowires
Authors: Geburt Sebastian , Röder Robert , Kaiser Uwe , Chen Limei , Chu Manh‐Hung , Segura‐Ruiz Jaime , Martínez‐Criado Gema , Heimbrodt Wolfram , Ronning Carsten 
Published: July 2013

Abstractmagnified imageSuccessful doping of ZnO nanowires with the transition metal cobalt was achieved by ion implantation. Excellent optical activation of the incorporated Co ions was observed from nanowire ensembles after annealing. Efficient excitation of the Co ions occurs either by near resonant absorption or by energy transfer from the ZnO host. The excited Co ions decay radiatively with a lifetime of 8 ns. Intense and homogeneous Co2+ intra‐3d luminescence was observed from single nanowires with different Co concentrations in the range of 0.02– 4 at% and at various excitation powers. Spatially resolved measurements allowed the characterization of the waveguide properties of single doped nanowires. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Reactions of Titanocene with Triazines and Dicyandiamide: Formation of Novel Di‐ and Trinuclear Metallacyclic Complexes
Authors: Ruhmann Martin , Spannenberg Anke , Villinger Alexander , Schulz Axel , Beweries Torsten 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe titanocene bis(trimethylsilyl)acetylene complex Cp2Ti(η2‐Me3SiC2SiMe3) (1) reacts with different triazines to give trinuclear titanocene compounds. Cleavage of the heterocyclic unit takes place in the reaction with cyanuric chloride, which furnishes a trinuclear cyanide bridged titanocene complex [Cp2Ti(CN)]3 (2). Reaction with cyanuric acid yields the paramagnetic ate complex (Cp2Ti)3(C3N3O3) (3). With melamine the structurally similar amide species (Cp2Ti)3[C3N3(NH)3] (4) is formed. A dinuclear, paramagnetic complex 5 is obtained in the reaction of 1 with dicyandiamide. Complexes 2, 4, and 5 were characterized by X‐ray analyses.
Effect of upper torso inclination in Fowler’s position on autonomic cardiovascular regulation
Authors: Kubota Satoshi , Endo Yutaka , Kubota Mitsue 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
The present study investigates autonomic cardiovascular regulation during postural changes while in Fowler’s position. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and sequence baroreflex sensitivity (sBRS) were measured in 12 healthy individuals in three positions (Experiment 1). We also measured RSA, sBRS, tidal volume (TV), lung volume spectrum (LV spectrum), and transfer gain and phase between lung volume and RR interval (RSA-TF, RSATF-phase) in 11 healthy individuals in two positions (Experiment 2). All participants maintained respiratory frequency at 15 breaths/min. The three positions in Experiment 1 were 30°, 45°, and 60° of upper torso inclination with a lower torso inclination of 30° throughout all evaluations. The two positions in Experiment 2 were 30° and 60° of upper torso backrest inclination with a lower torso inclination of 30° throughout all evaluations. The results of Experiment 1 showed significantly higher RSA and sBRS at 60° and 45° than at 30°, whereas RR interval (RRI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) did not differ significantly under any condition. The results of Experiment 2 showed that RSA, RSA-TF, sBRS, TV, and LV spectrum were significantly higher at 60° than at 30°, and that RRI, SBP, DBP, and the RSATF phase did not significantly differ under any condition. These findings suggested that slight flexion of the upper torso in Fowler’s position activates respiratory function and increases the contribution of vagal nerve activity to the cardiovascular system in young participants under conditions of a fixed respiratory rate.
Physician and patient use of and attitudes toward complementary and alternative medicine in the treatment of infertility
Authors: Clark Natalie A. , Will Matthew A. , Moravek Molly B. , Xu Xiao , Fisseha Senait 
Published: June 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo determine use of and attitudes toward complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) among infertility patients and subspecialty physicians.MethodsInfertility patients were asked to complete anonymous written surveys at an academic infertility practice; members of the Society for Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility were electronically surveyed. Both groups were assessed regarding their use of and attitudes toward CAM.ResultsThe response rate was 32.1% (115/358) among patients and 22.6% (225/995) among physicians (P < 0.05). In total, 105 (91.3%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 85.8–96.2) patients used CAM, and 84 (73.0%; 95% CI, 64.9–81.1) regarded it as beneficial to their fertility treatment. However, only 30 (26.1%; 95% CI, 18.0–34.0) patients reported CAM use to physicians, with the most common reason being that they were “never asked.” Overall, 202 (89.8%; 95% CI, 85.9–93.8) physicians reported inquiring about CAM.ConclusionSignificant discrepancies exist between subfertile patients and physicians in attitudes toward the use of CAM. The current prevalence of CAM use among infertility patients requires greater physician attention and justifies further study on the risks and benefits of integrating CAM into the biomedical treatment of infertility.
Strengthening the organizational capacity of health professional associations: The FIGO LOGIC Toolkit
Authors: Andrews Helena , Perron Liette , Vander Plaetse Bart , Taylor David J. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractHealth professional associations, including national associations of obstetrics and gynecology, can have a leading role in influencing and developing health policy and practice. However, in low‐ and middle‐resource countries, the organizational capacity to facilitate this role is often insufficient. The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics LOGIC (Leadership in Obstetrics and Gynaecology for Impact and Change) Initiative has been developing the capacity of national associations in Africa and Asia. Through this work, an electronic resource of materials (http://figo‐toolkit.org/) has been brought together to support organizational capacity development, addressing domains such as culture, strategic planning, human resources, project and financial management, performance, external relations, membership services, and the development and revision of clinical guidelines.