bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Turbulence Affected by Submerged Auqatic Vegetation under Wind- induced Flow
Authors: Wu Chenhui , Deng Jiang , Zhou Xiaojie , Gao Ang , Feng Kedong , Zhu Chunyue 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) changes the turbulent structure of rivers, wetlands, estuaries, and lakes. However, few studies have focused on the influence of SAV on hydrodynamic characteristics under wind-induced flow. Therefore, laboratory experiments were conducted to study the effects of SAV on the flow structure and turbulence characteristics under wind-induced flow and spectral based decomposition method were used to separate turbulence and wave velocity. Result shows that SAV reduced local velocity within canopy and elevates the location of the zero-velocity point. The canopy drag caused by SAV increase the decay rate of turbulent Reynolds stress along depth while hardly influence wave Reynolds stress. Canopy drag depress the turbulent RMS velocity and wave orbital velocity, the suppression of turbulence by SAV is greater compared to the impact on wind-wave. The presence of SAV leads to the decrease in TKE production and dissipation rate within canopy. The canopy drag more effectively diminishes TKE production than it does the dissipation. Research on local isotropy of SAV in wind-induced flows shows that the presence of SAV promotes a gradual transition from local anisotropy to local isotropy in turbulence within canopy. And quadrant analysis reveals that the presence of SAV reduced the probabilities and the contribution to turbulent momentum of ejection and sweep.
Radar diagnostic testing for unmarked graves at historic burial sites
Authors: Everett Mark 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

A simple diagnostic testing procedure is described that can help non-expert practitioners to search for unmarked graves at historic burial sites using ground-penetrating radar. The methodology is illustrated with data acquired at a historic cemetery in Texas, USA. The acquired radargrams are classified, from which unmarked-grave decisions are made under strict, moderate, and lax thresholds. Since there is no gold standard, or means to check a decision, an alternative strategy for decision-making is adopted based on the following key assumption: the distribution of radar signatures generated by the marked graves at the site is the same as the distribution generated by the unmarked graves. About half of the marked graves generated no discernible radar signature, so this proportion of the unmarked graves is likely to be missed. About one-third of the marked graves generated the tell-tale signature of a deep-seated hyperbola so this proportion of the unmarked graves is likely to be found. The remaining signals are complex and ambiguous. The uncertainty is a result of the wide variety of radar signatures that are expressed by burials and other subsurface objects at the site. The diagnostic testing procedure allows a non-expert practitioner to develop acuity in recognizing unmarked-grave signatures and hone a decision-making capability that leads to improved stakeholder trust. A machine learning algorithm could be developed wherein the training set comprises the radar signatures of the marked graves.
Quantitative Determination of Nifurtimox in Pharmaceutical Preparations by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Chikuma Toshiyuki , Sakamoto Tomoaki 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

A quantification method for the determination of nifurtimox, which is a chemotherapeutic agent for Chagas disease, in tablet formulations is described. Nifurtimox is dissolved or extracted using 1:1 water/acetonitrile (v/v). Separation was carried out by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC–UV) using a C-18 reversed-phase column with isocratic elution. The method was validated according to the ICH guidelines for parameters such as linearity and precision. The detection limit of this method is as low as 25 ng mL−1, and this method yields highly reproducible results. No interference was detected in the chromatogram, and the method was validated by analyzing the tablets. The recoveries were close to 100%.
Proteomic Profiling of Second and Third Trimester Pregnant Females Having Preterm Birth
Authors: Malik Javeria , Ahmad Shaaf , Iqbal Muhammad Amir , Mumtaz Tamseela , Maqsood Kaleem , Ahmad Husna , Roohi Nabila 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Preterm birth is the most important obstetric complication, linked with serious health outcomes, huge financial loss and emotional stress to families. The study group included 200 females with second and third trimester of pregnancy. Out of total, 70 females delivered preterm. The samples containing proteins of interests were resolved by 2D-PAGE and after tryptic digestion LC-MS/MS analysis was done. The proteins were identified by Mascot software search engine. SameSpots software was employed to determine the raw volume of proteins. Statistical analysis was done by ANOVA. The presence of potential predictive biomarkers, Haptoglobin alpha chain and transthyretin in 2DE gels of both 2nd and 3rd trimester samples was confirmed. The results of our study showed slight increase in Haptoglobin alpha chain levels in very preterm and extremely preterm groups of 2nd trimester samples. While, in case of 3rd trimester samples the Haptoglobin levels showed significant increase in experimental groups. Considerable decreased expression of transthyretin level in extremely preterm group as compared to very preterm group and control subjects of 2nd trimester pregnancy was detected. While, in case of 3rd trimester samples a gradual significant decrease was observed in experimental groups. The significantly reduced level of transthyretin and increased level of Haptoglobin alpha chain as compared to healthy term pregnancy, will serve as major risk predictor of reduced gestational age.
On Optimized Cooperative Control for Stochastic Nonlinear Multiagent Systems Using Switched-triggered Input
Authors: Wang Ling , Wang Ziming , Wang Xin , Pang Ning 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

This article investigates the optimized backstepping (OB) cooperative control problem for stochastic nonlinear multiagent systems (MASs) with non-affine nonlinear faults. In addition, to save resources and achieve better system performance, a novel switched-triggered mechanism (STM) is proposed for updating the actual controller. Based on the identifier-critic-actor structure and OB technique, the optimal controller is constructed. Additionally, a Butterworth low-pass filter has been incorporated to tackle the challenge of non-affine nonlinear faults. Finally, It is proved that all signals of the controlled system are bounded in probability, and the output of each follower can accurately track the leader's output. Simulation results are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
The study of the development patterns of water-conducting fracture zones under karst aquifers and the mechanism of water inrush
Authors: Zheng Lulin , Wang Xiaokun , Lan Hong , Ren Weide , Tian Youwen , Xu Jin , Tian Shiyu 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

The hydrogeological conditions of the Qianbei coalfield are complex, and karst water in the roof rock frequently disrupts mining operations, leading to frequent water inrush incidents. Taking the representative Longfeng Coal Mine as a case study, this paper analyzes the structural characteristics of the overlying roof strata. By calculating the stratum stretching rate, the theoretical development height of the water-conducting fracture zone is derived to be 51 meters. Numerical simulations were used to study the stress field, displacement field, and plastic zone distribution patterns in the overlying roof strata. Combined with similar simulation tests and digital speckle experiments, the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of the water-conducting fracture zone were investigated. The results indicate that the fracture zone exhibits a "stepped" development pattern, with the fracture morphology evolving from vertical to horizontal. Near the goaf boundary, the strain gradually decreases, and the instability of the key stratum may lead to the closure of separation fractures or the redistribution of water-conducting fractures. Field measurements of the water-conducting fracture zone show that post-mining roof fractures can be classified into tensile-shear, through-going, and discrete types, with decreasing water-conducting capacity in that order. Finally, the study systematically elucidates the disaster mechanisms of dynamic and hydrostatic water inrush in the Longfeng Coal Mine from the perspective of key stratum instability. The findings provide valuable insights for water prevention and control efforts in the Qianbei coalfield mining areas.
Evaluation of Root and Root Canal Morphology of Mandibular and Maxillary Canine Teeth in Turkish Subpopulation by Cone Beam Computed Tomography with Using Two Classification Systems
Authors: MAGAT Guldane , UZUN Sultan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Knowledge of root and canal morphology is a prerequisite for effective nonsurgical and surgical endodontic treatments. The aim of this cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) study was to evaluate the root canal morphology of permanent canines in a Turkish subpopulation using two classification systems.
Methods
A total of 2,000 canine teeth were examined. The number of roots was identified, and root canal configurations were classified according to Vertucci's classification and a new system for classifying root and canal morphology. Fisher's exact test was used for statistical analysis, and the level of significance was set at 0.05 (p = 0.05).
Results
The canal configuration type I was the most common in all canines, while type III was the second most common. According to the new system, the code 1C1−1 was the most common, whilst 1C1 (A1) codes were the second most common for all canines. In this study, more than 10% morphology that did not fit the Vertucci classification was detected. In the categorization of accessory canals based on the new classification, the most common type in all canines was 1C1,1 (A1). Age had an effect only on the morphology of the left maxillary canine (p < 0.05).
Conclusion
Canines in the Turkish subpopulation showed a relatively high degree of variation in root and canal anatomical variations. Clinicians should be aware of where canals converge or diverge to avoid missing canals. The new system for classifying canal morphology describes root and canal configurations more accurately and practically compared to the Vertucci classification.
Dynamic gating of perceptual flexibility by non-classically responsive cortical neurons
Authors: Insanally Michele , Toth Jade , Sidleck Blake , Lombardi Olivia , Hou Tiange , Eldo Abraham , Kerlin Madelyn , Xeng Xiangjian , Saeed Danyall , Agarwal Priya , Leonard Dylan , Andrino Luz , Inbar Tal 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

The ability to flexibly respond to sensory cues in dynamic environments is essential to adaptive auditory-guided behaviors. Cortical spiking responses during behavior are highly diverse, ranging from reliable trial-averaged responses to seemingly random firing patterns. While the reliable responses of ‘classically responsive’ cells have been extensively studied for decades, the contribution of irregular spiking ‘non-classically responsive’ cells to behavior has remained underexplored despite their prevalence. Here, we show that flexible auditory behavior results from interactions between local auditory cortical circuits comprised of heterogeneous responses and inputs from secondary motor cortex. Strikingly, non-classically responsive neurons in auditory cortex were preferentially recruited during learning, specifically during rapid learning phases when the greatest gains in behavioral performance occur. Population-level decoding revealed that during rapid learning mixed ensembles comprised of both classically and non-classically responsive cells encode significantly more task information than homogenous ensembles of either type and emerge as a functional unit critical for learning. Optogenetically silencing inputs from secondary motor cortex selectively modulated non-classically responsive cells in the auditory cortex and impaired reversal learning by preventing the remapping of a previously learned stimulus-reward association. Top-down inputs orchestrate highly correlated non-classically responsive ensembles in sensory cortex providing a unique task-relevant manifold for learning. Thus, non-classically responsive cells in sensory cortex are preferentially recruited by top-down inputs to enable neural and behavioral flexibility.
Mean aerodynamic flow field of an impinging jet issuing from a convergent nozzle with varying nozzle to plate distance
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Atri , I Bharatkrishnan , Nag Tapas Kumar , Saha Sanjoy Kumar , GK Prashant 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Jet impinging on a flat surface draws a lot of attention among the researchers working in the area of aerodynamics not only because of its complex flow physics, but also due to its wide range of applications. Starting from launch vehicles during lift-off to aircraft during vertical take-off and landing, jets impinges on the surfaces (inclined as well as flat surfaces) has wide range of applications. Due to these impingements, high thermal and pressure loads acts on the surface where jets are impinging. Besides these, high acoustic levels as well as loss of lift also generates during this impingement. Numerical flow simulations are carried out using commercial CFD code to understand the flow physics of an impinging jet on a flat surface. Simulations are carried out at a nozzle pressure ratio of 5.0 with varying distance between the nozzle to plate. The results so obtained are analyzed in details and are brought out in this paper.
A Comparative Analysis of Consumers’ Patterns of Reimbursable Medications between Online-only and Community Pharmacies
Authors: Olesen Anne Estrup , Simonsen Jacob Herrig , Madsen Susanne Storm , Hansen Rikke Nørgaard , Sørensen Ann Lykkegaard 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Online pharmacies have emerged as a novel method for procuring reimbursable medicines.
Aim
The study aimed to compare consumers’ patterns of reimbursable medications between online-only and community pharmacies in Denmark.
Method
The retrospective study used registered data for all reimbursable medicine prescriptions from pharmacies in 2022 across Denmark but specifically retrieved from patients residing in The North Denmark Region.
Results
In 2022, 4,414 and 395,438 patients obtained reimbursable medicines from two online-only and 240 community pharmacies, respectively. The age distribution of patients using online-only pharmacies was significantly different from community pharmacies (P < 0.001). The gender distributions of patients using online-only pharmacies was different from community pharmacies (P < 0.001). The distribution of patients’ living area differed between the two types of pharmacies (P < 0.001). The distribution of prescriptions by ATC code differed between the two types of pharmacies (P < 0.001).
Conclusion
Consumer patterns were different between online-only and community. This insight may assist healthcare policymakers and stakeholders in optimizing pharmaceutical services for enhanced patient care.
LncRNA H19 improves angiogenesis in mouse pulmonary artery endothelial cells by regulating the HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathway
Authors: Dou Lei , You Wei , Chai Yannan , Shi Huiju , Liu Qing , Jiang Qiaoli , Li Huiling 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) is a syndrome of acute respiratory failure characterized by systemic hypoxemia and elevated pulmonary arterial pressure, which leads to pathological changes in pulmonary vascular remodeling and endothelial cell function. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) H19 has been shown to be involved in the regulation of arterial endothelial cell function, but its regulatory role in PHN is not fully understood. In the present study, mouse pulmonary artery endothelial cells (MPAECs) were cultured in a hypoxic environment. Subsequently, the regulatory function of lncRNA H19 on MPAECs was explored by constructing adenoviruses knocking down and overexpressing lncRNA H19. The results revealed that the hypoxic environment could induce the proliferation and migration of MPAECs, as well as the high expression of lncRNA H19 in MPAECs. Knockdown of lncRNA H19 expression in MPAECs reversed hypoxic environment-induced functional changes in endothelial cells, whereas overexpression of lncRNA H19 further enhanced the proliferation and migration of MPAECs. In addition, further assays revealed that lncRNA H19 upregulated the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α)/vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway through sponge adsorption of microRNA-20a-5p, which in turn promoted changes in endothelial cell function. LncRNA H19 may interfere with vascular remodeling in hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension by upregulating the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF in vascular endothelial cells.
Distribution and Anthropogenic imprints of Light Rare Earth Elements in River sediments of Ganga Alluvial Plain, India
Authors: Yadav Jitendra Kumar 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Light Rare Earth Elements (LREE) are high technology-based modern contaminants, in fluvial system are recently emerging environmental concern due to their human health risks. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of LREE (Lanthanum to Samarium) on river sediments of the Ganga Alluvial Plain, northern India. In the 900-km long Gomati River, a distinct downstream increasing concentration of LREE from 339 to 1349 µg/g was identified in biotite mineral of the mica-rich bedload sediments. Total LREE content in suspended sediments of the Gomati (205 µg/g), the Sai (229 µg/g) and the Hindon (average 495 µg/g, n=15) rivers were observed higher than the World River Silt average (149 µg/g). The extreme LREE level was represented by the Hindon River’s suspended sediment of highly urbanized centers at Ghaziabad (1519 µg/g) and Greater Noida (1377 µg/g). The modern anthropogenic processes are accountable for the LREE enrichment in suspended river sediments of nearly an order of magnitude in the Ganga Alluvial Plain. This casts light on the effects of human activities of the LREE cycling by sub-tropical fluvial processes in one of the most densely populated regions of the world.
First-principles Investigation of Optoelectronic Structure and Thermodynamic Properties of Ruddlesden-Popper halide perovskites for optoelectronic applications
Authors: Haq Izaz Ul , Abdelkader A. , Obaidat Yahia A. H. , Ghodhbani Refka , Ismail A. Haj , Khan Imad 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

The structure optimization, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) shielding, optoelectronic and thermodynamic properties of 2D layered Ruddlesden-Popper Cs2CdX4 (X = Cl, Br, I) are computed using first-principles simulations. The crystal structure is composed of 2D [CdX4]n2n− plane constructed by CdX6 octahedral vertices and inorganic spacer cation (Cs+) separates the octahedral layers. At the VB edge, X-p and Cd-p orbitals are strongly hybridized, which play a key role in the optoelectronic applications of these compounds owing to the excitation of their valence electrons to the conduction band (CB) with minimum photon’s energy. The pseudo-direct and tunable band gaps of the understudy 2D layered RP-HPs are well-suited for optoelectronic applications. The numerical values of Debye temperature illustrates that each compound excites with different Debye frequency, corresponds to the unit cell size and phonon’s wavelength. The specific heat capacity curves are consistent with equipartition theorem of classical mechanics and obey the Dulong-Petit law at high temperature. The positive entropy change (ΔS) spirits negative change in Gibb’s free energy (ΔG), confirming the stability of these materials. The isotropic chemical shift depends on Cd and halides coordinates therefore, Cd-δiso is decreases and X-δiso increases with the halide increments. The Cs-p, Cd-d, and X-s orbital play a key role in NMR shielding owing to their existence in lower valence band (VB).
Multicomponent Reaction for Synthesis, Molecular Docking and Anti-inflammatory Evaluation of Novel Indole-Thiazole Hybrid Derivatives
Authors: Alkorbi Faeza , Alshareef Shareefa Ahmed , Abdelaziz Mahmoud A. , Omer Noha , Jame Rasha , Alatawi Ibrahim Saleem , Ali Ali M. , Omran Omran A. , Bakr Rania B. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

In this article, novel thiazol-indolin-2-one derivatives 4a-f have been synthesized via treatment of thiosemicarbazide (1) with some isatin derivative 2a-f and N-(4-(2-bromoacetyl)phenyl)-4-tolyl-sulfonamide (3) under reflux in ethanol in the presence of triethyl amine (TEA). The structures of new products were elucidated by elemental and spectral analyses. Moreover, all compounds were investigated for their in vivo anti-inflammatory activity using celecoxib as a reference drug. The target comound 4b was the most active anti-inflammatory candidate and exhibited higher edema inhibition (EI = 38.50 %) than that recorded by celecoxib (EI = 34.58%) after 3h. Furthermore, the most active compounds 4band 4f were subjected to molecular docking study inside COX-2 enzyme to show their binding interactions. Both compounds 4b and 2f showed good fitting into COX-2 binding site with docking energy scores -11.45 kcal/mol and -10.48kcal/mol,respectively which indicated that compound 4b revealed the most promising and effective anti-inflammatory potential.
Impact of Intraoperative Spinal Induced Hypotension on Neonatal Adverse Outcome During Caesarian Section at Wolaita Sodo University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital: 2023, a Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Meskele Merkineh , Alemayew Mihiretu , Dendir Getahun , Kedir Abdulkadir , Reshad Salman , Samuel Sintayehu 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background: Incidence of maternal hypotension often reported and occurs after caesarian section due to multiple reasons. However, the effect of intraoperative spinal induced hypotension on neonatal adverse outcome during caesarian section hasn't been investigated adequately in Sub-Saharan Countries, including Ethiopia. This study aimed to investigate the effect of intraoperative spinal induced hypotension on neonatal adverse outcome during caesarian section.
The researchers carried out a prospective cohort study from May 15-August 15, 2023. We selected 202 mothers using a convenience sampling method. We collected data by using a structured interviewer administered questionnaire. Once we ensured the collected data's completeness and consistency, we proceeded to enter it into Epidata 4.6. Then, we exported it to SPSS version 25 for analysis. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize data. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to determine the relative risk between neonatal outcome and maternal hypotension and other related features. By using confidence interval and p-value<0.05, the researchers determined the level of significance.
Result: In this study, a total of 202 participants were given a response rate of 100%. The incidence proportion of adverse early neonatal outcome was 13.4%. Maternal hypotension at 5 minutes ARR maternal health condition (ARR: 3.9, (95%CI: 1.26, 12.2), APGAR score at one minute (ARR: 4.9, (95% CI: 1.7, 14.1)), parity (AOR: 4.2, (95% CI: 1.3, 13.5)), age of the mothers AOR: 5.1, (95% CI: 1.3, 19.5))., and birth weight (AOR: 3.6, (95% CI: 1.18, 10.9)) were identified as predictors of adverse early neonatal outcome.
Conclusion: In this study, the incidence of adverse neonatal outcome was high. To reduce maternal hypotension after anesthesia, it is necessary to strengthen the monitoring of vital signs. To increase birth interval, it is necessary to expand family planning. Screening during antenatal and Intrapartum period should be promoted to reduce poor maternal health condition, and proper nutrition to reduce birth weight.