bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comprehensive Analysis of MicroProteins Reveals Their Potentially Widespread Mechanism of Transcriptional Regulation
Authors: Magnani Enrico , de Klein Niek , Nam Hye-In , Kim Jung-Gun , Pham Kimberly , Fiume Elisa , Mudgett Mary Beth , Rhee Seung Yon 
Published: March 2014

AbstractTruncated transcription factor-like proteins called microProteins (miPs) can modulate transcription factor activities, thereby increasing transcriptional regulatory complexity. To understand their prevalence, evolution, and function, we predicted over 400 genes that encode putative miPs from Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) using a bioinformatics pipeline and validated two novel miPs involved in flowering time and response to abiotic and biotic stress. We provide an evolutionary perspective for a class of miPs targeting homeodomain transcription factors in plants and metazoans. We identify domain loss as one mechanism of miP evolution and suggest the possible roles of miPs on the evolution of their target transcription factors. Overall, we reveal a prominent layer of transcriptional regulation by miPs, show pervasiveness of such proteins both within and across genomes, and provide a framework for studying their function and evolution.
Hospital, Patient, and Local Health System Characteristics Associated with the Prevalence and Duration of Observation Care
Authors: Wright Brad , Jung Hye‐Young , Feng Zhanlian , Mor Vincent 
Published: March 2014

ObjectiveTo examine the association between hospital, patient, and local health system characteristics and the likelihood, prevalence, and duration of observation care among fee‐for‐service Medicare beneficiaries.Data SourcesThe 100 percent Medicare inpatient and outpatient claims and enrollment files for 2009, supplemented with 2007 American Hospital Association Survey and 2009 Area Resource File data.Study DesignUsing a lagged cross‐sectional design, we model the likelihood of a hospital providing any observation care using logistic regression and the conditional prevalence and duration of observation care using linear regression, among 3,692 general hospitals in the United States.Principle FindingsCritical access hospitals (CAHs) have 97 percent lower odds of providing observation care compared to other hospitals, and they conditionally provide three fewer observation stays per 1,000 visits. The provision of observation care is negatively associated with the proportion of racial minority patients, but positively associated with average patient age, proportion of outpatient visits occurring in the emergency room, and diagnostic case mix. Duration is between 1.5 and 2.8 hours shorter at government‐owned, for‐profit hospitals, and CAHs compared to other nonprofit hospitals.ConclusionsVariation in observation care depends primarily on hospital characteristics, patient characteristics, and geographic measures. By contrast, local health system characteristics are not a factor.
The impact of opioid substitution therapy on mortality post‐release from prison: retrospective data linkage study
Authors: Degenhardt Louisa , Larney Sarah , Kimber Jo , Gisev Natasa , Farrell Michael , Dobbins Timothy , Weatherburn Don J. , Gibson Amy , Mattick Richard , Butler Tony , Burns Lucy 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAimsRelease from prison is a high‐risk period for mortality. We examined the impact of opioid substitution therapy (OST), for opioid dependence during and after incarceration, upon mortality post‐release.DesignA cohort was formed of all opioid‐dependent people who entered OST between 1985 and 2010 and who, following first OST entry, were released from prison at least once between 2000 and 2012. We linked data on OST history, court and prison records and deaths.SettingNew South Wales (NSW), Australia.ParticipantsA total of 16 453 people released from prison 60 161 times.MeasurementsCrude mortality rates (CMRs) were calculated according to OST retention; multivariable Cox regressions for post‐release periods were undertaken to examine the association between OST exposure (a time‐dependent variable) and mortality post‐release, for which covariates were updated per‐release.FindingsThere were 100 978 person‐years (PY) post‐release; 1050 deaths occurred. Most received OST while incarcerated (76.5%); individuals were receiving OST in 51% of releases. Lowest post‐release mortality was among those continuously retained in OST post‐release CMR 4 weeks post‐release = 6.4 per 1000 PY; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 5.2, 7.8, highest among those with no OST (CMR = 36.7 per 1000 PY; 95% CI = 28.8, 45.9). Multi‐factorial models showed OST exposure in the 4 weeks post‐release reduced hazard of death by 75% (adjusted hazard ratio 0.25; 95% CI = 0.12, 0.53); OST receipt in prison had a short‐term protective effect that decayed quickly across time.ConclusionIn New South Wales, Australia, opioid substitution therapy in prison and post‐release appears to reduce mortality risk in the immediate post‐release period.
Maternal mortality among HIV‐infected pregnant women in Tanzania
Authors: Li Nan , Matchi Emmanuel , Spiegelman Donna , Chalamilla Guerino , Hertzmank Ellen , Sando David , Sando Mary M. , Liu Enju , Muya Aisa , Fawzi Wafaie 
Published: March 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate risk factors for maternal mortality among HIV‐infected women in Tanzania.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingHIV care and treatment clinics in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.PopulationHIV‐infected pregnant women.MethodsData were collected for all patients enrolled in an HIV/AIDS care and treatment program. Between November 2004 and September 2011, there were 18 917 women pregnant at least once during the follow‐up. Thirteen percent of these women had more than one pregnancy, with 21 645 pregnancies occurring. Logistic regression was used to explore the predictors of maternal death among these women.Main outcome measuresMaternal mortality.ResultsDuring the study period, 363 maternal deaths occurred, giving a maternal mortality ratio of 1729 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1553–1905] per 100 000 live births. Being wasted [odds ratio (OR) 3.38, 95% CI 2.58–4.45] or anemic (OR 2.26, 95% CI 1.70–3.00) was associated with a higher risk of maternal mortality. Women who were initiated on antiretroviral therapy before their pregnancy had a 55% decreased risk of maternal mortality (95% CI 0.29–0.70) compared with women who were not. The risk of maternal mortality decreased with the length of time on antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy, by 8% for each additional month (OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.88–0.96).ConclusionsMaternal mortality was high among HIV‐infected women. Initiating women on antiretroviral therapy as early as possible and providing nutritional interventions during pregnancy should be considered as means to reduce the maternal mortality among these women.
Long‐term prognosis of clinical symptoms and health‐related quality of life in microscopic colitis: a case–control study
Authors: Nyhlin N. , Wickbom A. , Montgomery S. M. , Tysk C. , Bohr J. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryBackgroundMicroscopic colitis, comprising collagenous colitis (CC) and lymphocytic colitis (LC), is a common cause of chronic diarrhoea. The long‐term prognosis is not well described.AimTo study outcome of symptoms and health‐related quality of life (HRQoL).MethodsA case–control study using a postal questionnaire with three population‐based controls per patient matched for age, sex and municipality. HRQoL was assessed by the Short Health Scale (SHS). Patients in clinical remission, defined as a mean of <3 stools/day, were evaluated separately (CC; n = 72, LC; n = 60).ResultsThe study included 212 patients and 627 matched controls. Median disease duration was 5.9 (range 0.5–27) years and 6.4 (0.3–14.8) years for CC and LC respectively. Abdominal pain, fatigue, arthralgia, myalgia, faecal incontinence and nocturnal defecation were significantly more prevalent in CC patients compared with controls. These differences persisted in CC patients in clinical remission with respect to abdominal pain (36% vs. 21%), fatigue (54% vs. 34%), arthralgia (61% vs. 41%) and myalgia (53% vs. 37%). In LC patients, abdominal pain, fatigue, faecal incontinence and nocturnal defecation were more prevalent compared with controls. In LC patients in clinical remission, fatigue was more prevalent compared with controls (54% vs. 37%). These differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). All four HRQoL dimensions (symptom burden, social function, disease‐related worry, general well‐being) were impaired in patients with active CC and LC.ConclusionsAlthough considered to be in clinical remission, patients with microscopic colitis suffer from persisting symptoms such as abdominal pain, fatigue, arthralgia or myalgia several years after diagnosis.
Comparative coronary risks of apixaban, rivaroxaban and dabigatran: a meta‐analysis and adjusted indirect comparison
Authors: Loke Yoon K. , Pradhan Shiva , Yeong Jessica Ka‐yan , Kwok Chun Shing 
Published: March 2014

AimsThere are concerns regarding increased risk of acute coronary syndrome with dabigatran. We aimed to assess whether alternative treatment options such as rivaroxaban or apixaban carry a similar risk as compared with dabigatran.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE and EMBASE for randomized controlled trials of apixaban, dabigatran or rivaroxaban against control (placebo, heparin or vitamin K antagonist). We pooled odds ratios (OR) for adverse coronary events (acute coronary syndrome or myocardial infarction) using fixed effect meta‐analysis and assessed heterogeneity with I2. We conducted adjusted indirect comparisons to compare risk of adverse coronary events with apixaban or rivaroxaban vs. dabigatran.ResultsTwenty‐seven randomized controlled trials met the inclusion criteria. Dabigatran was associated with a significantly increased risk of adverse coronary events in pooled analysis of nine trials (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.14, 1.86). There was no signal for coronary risk with apixaban from nine trials (pooled OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.78, 1.03) or rivaroxaban from nine trials (pooled OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.72, 0.93). Overall, adjusted indirect comparison suggested that both apixaban (OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.44, 0.85) and rivaroxaban (OR 0.54; 95% CI 0.39, 0.76) were associated with lower coronary risk than dabigatran.Restricting the indirect comparison to a vitamin K antagonist as a common control, yielded similar findings, OR 0.57 (95% CI 0.39, 0.85) for apixaban vs. dabigatran and 0.53 (95% CI 0.37, 0.77) for rivaroxaban vs. dabigatran.ConclusionsThere are significant differences in the comparative safety of apixaban, rivaroxaban and dabigatran with regards to acute coronary adverse events.
The effectiveness of a meaningful learning‐based evaluation model for context‐aware mobile learning
Authors: Huang Yueh‐Min , Chiu Po‐Sheng 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIn recent years, context‐aware mobile learning (CAML) has been widely applied to various fields and has become a popular issue in educational research. Despite the tremendous potential of CAML and its growing significance, continued evaluations and refinements under the advice of field experts and instructors are crucial to ensure its validity, value and sustainability. In this paper, an evaluation model for CAML is developed based on meaningful learning theory using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). To verify the effectiveness of the model, three different CAML learning activities are tested, and some experts are invited to evaluate and compare them. As a result, the strengths and weaknesses of each learning activity are obtained. With the aid of the evaluation model proposed in this work, CAML developers can progressively enhance the value of learning activities, thus improving this new approach to learning.
Parthenium dermatitis: is parthenolide an effective choice for patch testing?
Authors: Mahajan Vikram K. , Sharma Vikas , Gupta Mrinal , Chauhan Pushpinder S. , Mehta Karaninder S. , Garg Swati 
Published: March 2014

SummaryBackgroundPatch test positivity to parthenolide was observed less often than expected in strongly suspected cases of parthenium dermatitis after Chemotechnique Diagnostics (Sweden) replaced parthenium extract with parthenolide (0.5% pet.) by itself while marketing its Indian baseline series for patch testing.ObjectiveThe study was performed to find whether parthenolide detects parthenium contact sensitivity more effectively than parthenium extract in patients clinically presenting with classic parthenium dermatitis.Material and methodsOne hundred consecutive patients with suspected parthenium dermatitis were patch tested prospectively with the Indian baseline series, parthenium extract (1% aq.) and parthenolide (0.5% pet.) between July 2011 and April 2012.ResultsOnly 37 of 100 patients with suspected parthenium dermatitis (male/female ratio of 20:17) reacted to parthenium extract (32 patients), parthenolide (17 patients), or both (12 patients). Reactions to parthenium extract were generally stronger than reactions to parthenolide.ConclusionPatch testing with parthenolide (0.5% pet.) detects fewer cases of suspected parthenium dermatitis than patch testing with parthenium extract (1% aq.).
Muscular adaptations to fatiguing exercise with and without blood flow restriction
Authors: Fahs Christopher A. , Loenneke Jeremy P. , Thiebaud Robert S. , Rossow Lindy M. , Kim Daeyeol , Abe Takashi , Beck Travis W. , Feeback Daniel L. , Bemben Debra A. , Bemben Michael G. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to determine the muscular adaptations to low‐load resistance training performed to fatigue with and without blood flow restriction (BFR). Middle‐aged (42–62 years) men (n = 12) and women (n = 6) completed 18 sessions of unilateral knee extensor resistance training to volitional fatigue over 6 weeks. One limb trained under BFR, and the contralateral limb trained without BFR [free flow (FF)]. Before and after the training, measures of anterior and lateral quadriceps muscle thickness (MTh), strength, power and endurance were assessed on each limb. The total exercise training volume was significantly greater for the FF limb compared with the BFR limb (P<0·001). Anterior quadriceps thickness and muscle function increased following the training in each limb with no differences between limbs. Lateral quadriceps MTh increased significantly more (P<0·05) in the limb trained under BFR (BFR: 3·50 ± 0·61 to 3·67 ± 0·62 cm; FF: 3·49 ± 0·73 to 3·56 ± 0·70 cm). Low‐load resistance training to volitional fatigue both with and without BFR is viable options for improving muscle function in middle‐aged individuals. However, BFR enhanced the hypertrophic effect of low‐load training and reduced the volume of exercise needed to elicit increases in muscle function.
Intrathecal miR‐183 delivery suppresses mechanical allodynia in mononeuropathic rats
Authors: Lin Chung‐Ren , Chen Kuan‐Hung , Yang Chien‐Hui , Huang Hui‐Wen , Sheen‐Chen Shyr‐Ming 
Published: March 2014

AbstractMembers of the miR‐183 family are unique in that they are highly abundant in sensory organs. In a recent study, significant downregulation was observed for miR‐96 and miR‐183 in the L5 dorsal root ganglion (DRG) 2 weeks after spinal nerve ligation (SNL). In this study, we focused on miR‐183, which is the most regulated member of the miR‐183 family, to look at the specific role on neuropathic pain. Persistent mechanical allodynia was induced with the L5 SNL model in 8‐week‐old male Sprague‐Dawley rats. Paw withdrawal thresholds in response to mechanical stimuli were assessed with Von Frey filaments. Expression of miR‐183 in the L5 DRG was assessed with quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis. Lentivirions expressing miR‐183 were injected intrathecally into SNL rats. Changes in mechanical allodynia were assessed with Von Frey filaments. In addition, changes in the predicted target genes of miR‐183 were assessed with qPCR. L5 SNL produced marked mechanical allodynia in the ipsilateral hindpaws of adult rats, beginning at postoperative day 1 and continuing to day 14. L5 SNL caused significant downregulation of miR‐183 in adult DRG cells. Intrathecal administration of lentivirions expressing miR‐183 downregulated SNL‐induced increases in the expression of Nav1.3 and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which correlated with the significant attenuation of SNL‐induced mechanical allodynia. Our results show that SNL‐induced mechanical allodynia is significantly correlated with the decreased expression of miR‐183 in DRG cells. Replacement of miR‐183 downregulates SNL‐induced increases in Nav1.3 and BDNF expression, and attenuates SNL‐induced mechanical allodynia.
Assessing risks of invasion through gamete performance: farm Atlantic salmon sperm and eggs show equivalence in function, fertility, compatibility and competitiveness to wild Atlantic salmon
Authors: Yeates Sarah E. , Einum Sigurd , Fleming Ian A. , Holt William V. , Gage Matthew J.G. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAdaptations at the gamete level (a) evolve quickly, (b) appear sensitive to inbreeding and outbreeding and (c) have important influences on potential to reproduce. We apply this understanding to problems posed by escaped farm salmon and measure their potential to reproduce in the wild. Farm Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) are a threat to biodiversity, because they escape in large numbers and can introgress, dilute or disrupt locally adapted wild gene pools. Experiments at the whole fish level have found farm reproductive potential to be significant, but inferior compared to wild adults, especially for males. Here, we assess reproductive performance at the gamete level through detailed in vitro comparisons of the form, function, fertility, compatibility and competitiveness of farm versus wild Atlantic salmon sperm and eggs, in conditions mimicking the natural gametic microenvironment, using fish raised under similar environmental conditions. Despite selective domestication and reduced genetic diversity, we find functional equivalence in all farm fish gamete traits compared with their wild ancestral strain. Our results identify a clear threat of farm salmon reproduction with wild fish and therefore encourage further consideration of using triploid farm strains with optimized traits for aquaculture and fish welfare, as triploid fish remain reproductively sterile following escape.
Temperature and peat type control CO2 and CH4 production in Alaskan permafrost peats
Authors: Treat C. C. , Wollheim W. M. , Varner R. K. , Grandy A. S. , Talbot J. , Frolking S. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractControls on the fate of ~277 Pg of soil organic carbon (C) stored in permafrost peatland soils remain poorly understood despite the potential for a significant positive feedback to climate change. Our objective was to quantify the temperature, moisture, organic matter, and microbial controls on soil organic carbon (SOC) losses following permafrost thaw in peat soils across Alaska. We compared the carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) emissions from peat samples collected at active layer and permafrost depths when incubated aerobically and anaerobically at −5, −0.5, +4, and +20 °C. Temperature had a strong, positive effect on C emissions; global warming potential (GWP) was >3× larger at 20 °C than at 4 °C. Anaerobic conditions significantly reduced CO2 emissions and GWP by 47% at 20 °C but did not have a significant effect at −0.5 °C. Net anaerobic CH4 production over 30 days was 7.1 ± 2.8 μg CH4‐C gC−1 at 20 °C. Cumulative CO2 emissions were related to organic matter chemistry and best predicted by the relative abundance of polysaccharides and proteins (R2 = 0.81) in SOC. Carbon emissions (CO2‐C + CH4‐C) from the active layer depth peat ranged from 77% larger to not significantly different than permafrost depths and varied depending on the peat type and peat decomposition stage rather than thermal state. Potential SOC losses with warming depend not only on the magnitude of temperature increase and hydrology but also organic matter quality, permafrost history, and vegetation dynamics, which will ultimately determine net radiative forcing due to permafrost thaw.
Relationships between oral health, dysphagia and undernutrition in hospitalised elderly patients
Authors: Poisson Philippe , Laffond Thibault , Campos Sandra , Dupuis Veronique , Bourdel‐Marchasson Isabelle 
Published: March 2014

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to describe relationships between oral status, dysphagia and malnutrition in a hospitalised older people.BackgroundUndernutrition in older people is a major concern in geriatric hospital wards. Different factors can modify nutritional status like dysphagia or oral status.Materials and methodsAbout 159 consecutive inpatients (108 women, 51 men) were examined. Comprehensive gerontological data at baseline and nutritional status according to BMI, MNA and serum albumin concentration, dependency according to ADL scores, dietary intake, swallowing capacities and oral status were collected. Swallowing capacities and dietary intake were reassessed 1 week after.ResultsMean age was 85.28 (SD 5.68). Seventy‐seven patients were malnourished (MNA) and 34 had dysphagia. Oral treatment was necessary in 142 patients (89.30% of all population). Candidiasis was present in 17 patients and salivary flow reduction in 50. Patients with dysphagia had the lowest dietary intake. After 1 week, patients with dysphagia were retested and dysphagia had abated in three of them. Dysphagia and undernutrition were associated (p < 0.001), and both were related to candidiasis (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01). Dysphagia was also related to salivary hypofunction (p < 0.001), loss of posterior occluding pairs (POPs; p = 0.014), oral self‐care dependency (p < 0.001) and self‐feeding dependency (p < 0.001). Salivary hypofunction was related to candidiasis (p < 0.001) and loss of POPs (p < 0.05), and candidiasis to loss of POPs (p < 0.01).ConclusionAlthough no causality can be demonstrated, poor oral health was strongly associated with malnutrition, emphasising the importance to develop oral care strategies and to incorporate a dental examination into comprehensive gerontological assessment.