bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Involvement of Molecular Mechanism and Biological Activities of Pemirolast: A Therapeutic Review
Authors: Singh Vivek , Arora Swamita , Akram Wasim , Alam Sanjar , Kumari Lovely , Kumar Neeraj , Kumar Bikash , Kumar Santosh , Agrawal Mohit , Singhal Manmohan , Kumar Shivendra , Singh Shubham , Singh Kuldeep , Saha Sunam , Dwivedi Vivek 
Published: June 2024

:
This review paper aims to investigate the therapeutic benefits of pemirolast across different medical conditions, including asthma, allergic rhinitis,
cancer, conjunctivitis, etc. The prevalence of allergic conditions has risen in recent decades, primarily attributed to environmental factors. This
paper explores the role of pemirolast in managing and mitigating these diseases, shedding light on its potential applications in the context of
evolving environmental influences.

:
This review paper investigates the diverse biological activities exhibited by pemirolast, encompassing its roles as an antimicrobial, analgesic,
antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antihistamine, mast cell stabilizer, anti-tubercular, anticancer, anti-asthmatic, anti-malarial, diuretic, antianxiety,
and antifungal agent. The positive outcomes of pemirolast application in various diseases are highlighted, showcasing its potential across a
spectrum of medical conditions.

:
The pharmacological impact of pemirolast extends to diverse inflammatory mediators, enzymes, and hormones associated with various diseases.
Pemirolast demonstrates inhibitory effects on key elements such as eosinophil activation, histamine, leukotriene, IgE, mast cells, basophils,
prostaglandin, interleukin, T-helper cells, macrophage T-cells, neutrophils, tryptase, T-lymphocytes, interferons I-III, Amyloid β (Aβ) peptide,
dsRNA transcription, GABA, dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine. This comprehensive exploration underscores pemirolast inhibitory actions
across disorders, emphasizing its potential therapeutic relevance in diverse pathological conditions.

:
This review paper illuminates pemirolast potassium's versatile biological and therapeutic applications across various diseases. The potential
synergies of combining pemirolast with buspirone, ritanserin, theophylline, and capreomycin are explored, showcasing its ability to elicit beneficial
responses in addressing diverse ailments.
Relationships Among Serological Indicators and In Vitro High-Throughput Drug Sensitivity Screening Results in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Feng Xu , Feng Guo-Ying , Tao Jie , Ao Yu-Pei , Wu Xin-Hua , Qi Shi-Guai , Shi Zheng-Rong , Gao Ling-Yun 
Published: June 2024

Aim:
The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between serum indicators
and high-throughput drug screening (HDS) results, aiming to achieve specific therapy for
hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods:
This study recruited patients with HCC who underwent surgical resection at the
Hepatobiliary Surgery Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University
from December 2019 to December 2021. HCC tissues were obtained from patients during surgery
and subjected to in vitro cell culture, and then HDS testing was performed on the cultured
tissue samples. We used Spearman's correlation analysis to examine the relationships between
drug sensitivity results for anti-hepatocellular carcinoma drugs, other antitumor drugs, and serological
indicators, the Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Platelet Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR),
Systemic Immune Inflammatory Index (SII), Systemic Inflammatory Response Index (SIRI),
Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI), and Lymphocyte Monocyte Ratio (LMR). A significant correlation
was considered when P<0.05 and |r|>0.40. Furthermore, linear regression analysis was
conducted to elucidate the relationship between serological indicators and drug susceptibility,
with significant results indicated by P<0.05 and R²≥0.50.

Results:
In this study, 82 patients with HCC who had undergone hepatectomy and completed in
vitro cell culture and HDS testing were evaluated. Using Spearman's correlation with a significance
threshold of P<0.05 and |r|>0.40, we identified significant associations between serological
indicators and specific drug regimens: NLR correlated with 5-Fluorouracil, 5-
Fluorouracil+Calcium folinate (FOLFOX4), and Capecitabine + Cisplatin (XP); PLR with FOLFOX4;
SII with XP, FOLFOX4, Doxorubicin + Oxaliplatin (ADM+L-OHP); and SIRI with XP
and FOLFOX4. No correlations were found between PNI or LMR and any drug inhibition rates.
A comprehensive evaluation using linear regression analysis—which included variables such as
sex, age, hepatitis B virus and liver cirrhosis status, size and number of lesions, alphafetoprotein,
total bilirubin, albumin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and
prothrombin time, alongside NLR, PLR, SII, and SIRI was conducted in relation to drug regimens.
This analysis revealed that NLR, SII, and SIRI are significant predictors of FOLFOX4 inhibition
rate, while NLR predicts the inhibition rate of XP effectively. However, no significant
links were established between molecular targeted drugs, other antitumor drugs, and serological
indicators.

Conclusions:
NLR, SII, and SIRI were correlated with FOLFOX4, and the higher the values of
NLR, SII, and SIRI, the higher the in vitro inhibition of FOLFOX. Also, NLR was correlated
with XP, and the higher the value of NLR, the higher the in vitro inhibition of XP.
Computational Study on Pressure Drop Inside Slurry Pipeline for Iron
Ore Slurry Flow
Authors: Singh Mandeep , Kumar Satish , Singh Jatinder Pal , Kumar Sagar , Singh Jashanpreet 
Published: June 2024

Background::
Utilizing highly concentrated slurry is recommended due to its ability to
reduce both operational expenses and water use. In the previous studies, the pressure drop analysis
on coal, sand, and coal ashes was investigated. However, there is a scarcity of research on the pressure
drop properties of iron ore slurry, particularly when it comes to highly concentrated slurries.

Aim::
This patent aims to replicate the iron ore flow in a hydro-slurry pipe, specifically focusing on
predicting the features of pressure drop, distribution of volume fraction, and behaviour of solid particles.

Objective::
This patent presents the CFD modelling of pressure drop characteristics of iron ore-water
multiphase flow inside a hydro-slurry pipeline

Results::
Results show that the augmentation in pressure drop is non-linearly correlated with both the
granular concentration and the velocity. The size of the efflux concentration zone expands as the
concentration rises, but this zone shrinks as the velocity increases. The variation in volume fraction
at the lower periphery of the pipe decreases with an increase in velocity and increases with the size
of particle and granular concentration. The turbulent intensity of the mixture was affected marginally
with an increase in concentration but highly by velocity. The variation in granular size increased
turbulence as large particles caused additional turbulence. The velocity profile recorded marginal
variation in the pattern of solid phase flow with variations in granular concentration, granular size,
and velocity. The change in velocity resulted in particle shifting.

Methods::
A granular flow was represented using an Eulerian technique based on kinetic theory to
depict multiphase phenomena. Simulations were carried out on a pipeline with a 50 mm diameter.
The velocity ranged from 2 to 5 m/s, whereas the efflux concentration varied between 20% and 60%.
An analysis was conducted on the impact of granular size at a greater concentration. The numerical
code was validated using experimental findings, and it was determined that the RNG k-ε turbulent
model exhibited satisfactory validation with the experimental data.

Conclusion::
As per this patent, the RNG k-ε turbulent model is superior to the other multiphase
models for ore-water flow analysis.
Exploring How Virtual Reality Could Be Used to Treat Eating Disorders: Qualitative Study of People With Eating Disorders and Clinicians Who Treat Them
Authors: Bould Helen , Kennedy Mari-Rose , Penton-Voak Ian , Thomas Lisa May , Bird Jon , Biddle Lucy 
Published: June 2024

Background
Immersive virtual reality (VR) interventions are being developed and trialed for use in the treatment of eating disorders. However, little work has explored the opinions of people with eating disorders, or the clinicians who treat them, on the possible use of VR in this context.

Objective
This study aims to use qualitative methodology to explore the views of people with eating disorders, and clinicians who treat them, on the possible use of VR in the treatment of eating disorders.

Methods
We conducted a series of focus groups and interviews with people with lived experience of eating disorders and clinicians on their views about VR and how it could potentially be used in the treatment of eating disorders. People with lived experience of eating disorders were recruited between October and December 2020, with focus groups held online between November 2020 and February 2021; clinicians were recruited in September 2021 and interviewed between September and October 2021. We took a thematic approach to analyzing the resulting qualitative data.

Results
We conducted 3 focus groups with 10 individuals with a current or previous eating disorder, 2 focus groups with 4 participants, and 1 with 2 participants. We held individual interviews with 4 clinicians experienced in treating people with eating disorders. Clinicians were all interviewed one-to-one because of difficulties in scheduling mutually convenient groups. We describe themes around representing the body in VR, potential therapeutic uses for VR, the strengths and limitations of VR in this context, and the practicalities of delivering VR therapy. Suggested therapeutic uses were to practice challenging situations around food-related and weight/appearance-related scenarios and interactions, to retrain attention, the representation of the body, to represent the eating disorder, for psychoeducation, and to enable therapeutic conversations with oneself. There was a substantial agreement between the groups on these themes.

Conclusions
People with lived experience of eating disorders and clinicians with experience in treating eating disorders generated many ideas as to how VR could be used as a part of eating disorders treatment. They were also aware of potential limitations and expressed the need for caution around how bodies are represented in a VR setting.
Barriers and Facilitators to the Implementation of Virtual Reality Interventions for People With Chronic Pain: Scoping Review
Authors: Elser Alexander , Lange Marina , Kopkow Christian , Schäfer Axel Georg 
Published: June 2024

Background
Chronic pain is a growing health problem worldwide with a significant impact on individuals and societies. In regard to treatment, there is a gap between guideline recommendations and common practice in health care, especially concerning cognitive and psychological interventions. Virtual reality (VR) may provide a way to improve this situation. A growing body of evidence indicates that VR therapy has positive effects on pain and physical function. However, there is limited knowledge about barriers and facilitators to the implementation of VR interventions for people with chronic pain in health care settings.

Objective
The aim of this study was to identify and analyze the barriers and facilitators involved in implementing VR interventions for people with chronic pain.

Methods
We conducted a scoping review of the German and English literature using the MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, PEDro, LILACS, and Web of Science (inception to November 2023) databases, including quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods studies reporting barriers and facilitators to the implementation of VR interventions for people with chronic pain, as reported by patients or health care professionals. Two reviewers systematically screened the abstracts and full texts of retrieved articles according to the inclusion criteria. All mentioned barriers and facilitators were extracted and categorized according to the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF).

Results
The database search resulted in 1864 records after removal of duplicates. From the 14 included studies, 30 barriers and 33 facilitators from the patient perspective and 2 facilitators from the health care professional perspective were extracted. Barriers reported by people with chronic pain were most frequently assigned to the TDF domains environmental context (60%) and skills (16.7%). Most facilitators were found in three domains for both the patients and health care professionals: beliefs about consequences (30.3%), emotions (18.2%), and environmental context (18.2%).

Conclusions
The findings of this review can inform the development of strategies for future implementations of VR interventions for people with chronic pain. Additionally, further research should address knowledge gaps about the perspective of health care professionals regarding the implementation of VR interventions for people with chronic pain.
Use of Creative Frameworks in Health Care to Solve Data and Information Problems: Scoping Review
Authors: Mess Elisabeth Veronica , Kramer Frank , Krumme Julia , Kanelakis Nico , Teynor Alexandra 
Published: June 2024

Background
Digitization is vital for data management, especially in health care. However, problems still hinder health care stakeholders in their daily work while collecting, processing, and providing health data or information. Data are missing, incorrect, cannot be collected, or information is inadequately presented. These problems can be seen as data or information problems. A proven way to elicit requirements for (software) systems is by using creative frameworks (eg, user-centered design, design thinking, lean UX [user experience], or service design) or creative methods (eg, mind mapping, storyboarding, 6 thinking hats, or interaction room). However, to what extent they are used to solve data or information-related problems in health care is unclear.

Objective
The primary objective of this scoping review is to investigate the use of creative frameworks in addressing data and information problems in health care.

Methods
Following JBI guidelines and the PRISMA-ScR framework, this paper analyzes selected papers, answering whether creative frameworks addressed health care data or information problems. Focusing on data problems (elicitation or collection, processing) and information problems (provision or visualization), the review examined German and English papers published between 2018 and 2022 using keywords related to “data,” “design,” and “user-centered.” The database SCOPUS was used.

Results
Of the 898 query results, only 23 papers described a data or information problem and a creative method to solve it. These were included in the follow-up analysis and divided into different problem categories: data collection (n=7), data processing (n=1), information visualization (n=11), and mixed problems meaning data and information problem present (n=4). The analysis showed that most identified problems fall into the information visualization category. This could indicate that creative frameworks are particularly suitable for solving information or visualization problems and less for other, more abstract areas such as data problems. The results also showed that most researchers applied a creative framework after they knew what specific (data or information) problem they had (n=21). Only a minority chose a creative framework to identify a problem and realize it was a data or information problem (n=2). In response to these findings, the paper discusses the need for a new approach that addresses health care data and information challenges by promoting collaboration, iterative feedback, and user-centered development.

Conclusions
Although the potential of creative frameworks is undisputed, applying these in solving data and information problems is a minority. To harness this potential, a suitable method needs to be developed to support health care system stakeholders. This method could be the User-Centered Data Approach.
Educational Utility of Clinical Vignettes Generated in Japanese by ChatGPT-4: Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Takahashi Hiromizu , Shikino Kiyoshi , Kondo Takeshi , Komori Akira , Yamada Yuji , Saita Mizue , Naito Toshio 
Published: June 2024

Background
Evaluating the accuracy and educational utility of artificial intelligence–generated medical cases, especially those produced by large language models such as ChatGPT-4 (developed by OpenAI), is crucial yet underexplored.

Objective
This study aimed to assess the educational utility of ChatGPT-4–generated clinical vignettes and their applicability in educational settings.

Methods
Using a convergent mixed methods design, a web-based survey was conducted from January 8 to 28, 2024, to evaluate 18 medical cases generated by ChatGPT-4 in Japanese. In the survey, 6 main question items were used to evaluate the quality of the generated clinical vignettes and their educational utility, which are information quality, information accuracy, educational usefulness, clinical match, terminology accuracy (TA), and diagnosis difficulty. Feedback was solicited from physicians specializing in general internal medicine or general medicine and experienced in medical education. Chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests were performed to identify differences among cases, and linear regression was used to examine trends associated with physicians’ experience. Thematic analysis of qualitative feedback was performed to identify areas for improvement and confirm the educational utility of the cases.

Results
Of the 73 invited participants, 71 (97%) responded. The respondents, primarily male (64/71, 90%), spanned a broad range of practice years (from 1976 to 2017) and represented diverse hospital sizes throughout Japan. The majority deemed the information quality (mean 0.77, 95% CI 0.75-0.79) and information accuracy (mean 0.68, 95% CI 0.65-0.71) to be satisfactory, with these responses being based on binary data. The average scores assigned were 3.55 (95% CI 3.49-3.60) for educational usefulness, 3.70 (95% CI 3.65-3.75) for clinical match, 3.49 (95% CI 3.44-3.55) for TA, and 2.34 (95% CI 2.28-2.40) for diagnosis difficulty, based on a 5-point Likert scale. Statistical analysis showed significant variability in content quality and relevance across the cases (P<.001 after Bonferroni correction). Participants suggested improvements in generating physical findings, using natural language, and enhancing medical TA. The thematic analysis highlighted the need for clearer documentation, clinical information consistency, content relevance, and patient-centered case presentations.

Conclusions
ChatGPT-4–generated medical cases written in Japanese possess considerable potential as resources in medical education, with recognized adequacy in quality and accuracy. Nevertheless, there is a notable need for enhancements in the precision and realism of case details. This study emphasizes ChatGPT-4’s value as an adjunctive educational tool in the medical field, requiring expert oversight for optimal application.
A Language Model–Powered Simulated Patient With Automated Feedback for History Taking: Prospective Study
Authors: Holderried Friederike , Stegemann-Philipps Christian , Herrmann-Werner Anne , Festl-Wietek Teresa , Holderried Martin , Eickhoff Carsten , Mahling Moritz 
Published: June 2024

Background
Although history taking is fundamental for diagnosing medical conditions, teaching and providing feedback on the skill can be challenging due to resource constraints. Virtual simulated patients and web-based chatbots have thus emerged as educational tools, with recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) such as large language models (LLMs) enhancing their realism and potential to provide feedback.

Objective
In our study, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a Generative Pretrained Transformer (GPT) 4 model to provide structured feedback on medical students’ performance in history taking with a simulated patient.

Methods
We conducted a prospective study involving medical students performing history taking with a GPT-powered chatbot. To that end, we designed a chatbot to simulate patients’ responses and provide immediate feedback on the comprehensiveness of the students’ history taking. Students’ interactions with the chatbot were analyzed, and feedback from the chatbot was compared with feedback from a human rater. We measured interrater reliability and performed a descriptive analysis to assess the quality of feedback.

Results
Most of the study’s participants were in their third year of medical school. A total of 1894 question-answer pairs from 106 conversations were included in our analysis. GPT-4’s role-play and responses were medically plausible in more than 99% of cases. Interrater reliability between GPT-4 and the human rater showed “almost perfect” agreement (Cohen κ=0.832). Less agreement (κ<0.6) detected for 8 out of 45 feedback categories highlighted topics about which the model’s assessments were overly specific or diverged from human judgement.

Conclusions
The GPT model was effective in providing structured feedback on history-taking dialogs provided by medical students. Although we unraveled some limitations regarding the specificity of feedback for certain feedback categories, the overall high agreement with human raters suggests that LLMs can be a valuable tool for medical education. Our findings, thus, advocate the careful integration of AI-driven feedback mechanisms in medical training and highlight important aspects when LLMs are used in that context.
Intensional Transitives and Presuppositions
Authors: Sainsbury R. M. 
Published: June 2024

My commentators point to respects in which the picture provided in Reference without Referents is incomplete. The picture provided no account of how sentences constructed from intensional verbs (like “John thought about Pegasus”) can be true when one of the referring expressions fails to refer. And it gave an incomplete, and possibly misleading, account of how to understand certain serious uses of fictional names, as in “Anna Karenina is more intelligent than Emma Bovary” and “Anna Karenina does not exist”. In the present response, I indicate how I would now wish to make good these deficiencies. The truth of sentences constructed from intensional verbs can be explained in terms of the truth of sentences that are unproblematic for RWR, for example, sentences dominated by operators expressing propositional attitudes. Reflection on the way in which we can temporarily accept commitments we do not in fact share leads to a more nuanced account of serious uses of fictional names, some of which manifest precisely such a temporary acceptance.