bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Financial capitalism, incorporation and the emergence of financial reporting information
Authors: McCartney S. , Arnold A.J. 
Published: March 2013

PurposeChanges in financial reporting information were an important part of the British transition from feudalism to capitalism, with statements showing cash surpluses or deficits being gradually superseded by income statements and balance sheets. The existing literature does not satisfactorily explain the (considerable) variations in the pattern of change in the early part of the transition, when information provision was largely determined by Parliamentary processes, and this paper aims to look to new evidence to strengthen and modify the existing theorisations.Design/methodology/approachThe research design is to discuss and relate existing theories regarding the emergence of financial reporting information to newly discovered evidence on a substantial set of corporate formations between 1766 and 1840, during the early stages of financial (or managerial) capitalism.FindingsRequirements to present accounts to shareholders were almost unknown before 1800 and became common only from the 1820s, usually in the form of (cash‐based) receipts and payments accounts, which enabled investors to determine the legitimacy of the dividend payments and would have enabled them to calculate a cash‐based version of the rate of return.Originality/valueThe paper provides new evidence on the patterns of company development and of corporate financial reporting across the formative years of financial capitalism.
Executive hubris: the case of a bank CEO
Authors: Brennan Niamh M. , Conroy John P. 
Published: March 2013

PurposeCan personality traits of chief executive officers (CEOs) be detected at a distance? Following newspaper speculation that the banking crisis of 2008 was partly caused by CEO hubris, this paper seeks to analyse the CEO letters to shareholders of a single bank over ten years for evidence of CEO personality traits, including narcissism (a contributor to hubris), hubris, overconfidence and CEO‐attribution. Following predictions that hubris increases the longer individuals occupy positions of power, the research aims to examine whether hubristic characteristics intensify over time.Design/methodology/approachThis paper takes concepts of hubris from the clinical psychology literature and applies them to discourses in CEO letters to shareholders in annual reports. The research comprises a longitudinal study of the discretionary narrative disclosures in the CEO letters to shareholders in eight annual reports, benchmarked against disclosures in the CEO letters to shareholders of the previous and subsequent CEOs of the same organisation.FindingsThe results point to evidence of narcissism and hubris in the personality of the bank CEO. Over half the sentences analysed were found to contain narcissistic‐speak. In 45 per cent of narcissistic‐speak sentences, there were three of more symptoms of hubris – what Owen and Davison describe as extreme hubristic behaviour. In relation to CEO overconfidence, only seven sentences (2 per cent) contained bad news. More than half of the good news was attributed to the CEO and all the bad news was attributed externally. The research thus finds evidence of hubris in the CEO letters to shareholders, which became more pronounced the longer the CEO served.Research limitations/implicationsThe analysis of CEO discourse is highly subjective, and difficult to replicate.Originality/valueThe primary contribution of this research is the adaptation of the 14 clinical symptoms of hubris from clinical psychology to the analysis of narratives in CEO letters to shareholders in annual reports to reveal signs of CEO hubris.
Predator burden and past investment affect brood abandonment decisions in a parental care‐providing teleost
Authors: Zuckerman Zachary C. , Suski Cory D. 
Published: March 2013

Summary

Reproductive success of parental care‐providing species is contingent upon the level of parental investment into a brood. When the expected fitness contribution of a brood is outweighed by the costs of parental care (e.g. decreasing parent somatic condition), an individual may reduce its level of care, or may altogether abandon a brood in trade‐off for potential future reproductive success. Leading parental care hypotheses have established parental stress, oxidative stress, nutrition and androgen condition, as well as reproductive value and the threat of brood depredation, as drivers of investment into parental care.

The concomitant effects of parent physiological condition and the threat of brood depredation have yet to be considered in their direct effect on the reproductive success of a parental care‐providing individual. Using largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) as a model parental care‐providing species, we investigated the relative influence of these factors, together, on a direct fitness measure: the decision by a parent to abandon its brood.

By employing a novel combination of multivariate and information‐theoretic modelling, our findings indicate that reproductive success of parental largemouth bass is contingent primarily on the threat of depredation to a brood (i.e. the density of brood predators adjacent to nest locations), past investment into a brood and reproductive value of the brood.

Parent physiological condition had limited influence on the decision by largemouth bass to abandon parental care. Modelling indicated that parental circulating androgen concentration and antioxidant capacity may play a minimal role in driving brood abandonment; nutrition and stress condition of the parent did not differ between reproductive outcomes.

Findings here suggest that a holistic approach should be implemented when studying parental care and that a definite experimental endpoint, e.g., brood abandonment or reproductive success, be utilized as a direct metric of the cost to fitness of parental care decisions.
Transactions Between Child Social Wariness and Observed Structured Parenting: Evidence From a Prospective Adoption Study
Authors: Natsuaki Misaki N. , Leve Leslie D. , Harold Gordon T. , Neiderhiser Jenae M. , Shaw Daniel S. , Ganiban Jody , Scaramella Laura V. , Reiss David 
Published: March 2013

This investigation examined the mutual influences between structured parenting and child social wariness during toddlerhood using a longitudinal adoption design. The sample consisted of 361 adoption‐linked families, each including an adopted child, adoptive parents, and a birth mother. Heightened social wariness in children at age 18 months predicted reduced levels of observed structured parenting (i.e., less directive parenting with fewer commands and requests) in adoptive mothers at age 27 months. Adoptive fathers' lower structured parenting at age 18 months predicted subsequent elevation in child social wariness. Birth mothers' history of fear‐related anxiety disorders was not associated with child social wariness. Findings highlight the role of dynamic family transactions in the development of social wariness during toddlerhood.
Criterion validity of the GMFM‐66 item set and the GMFM‐66 basal and ceiling approaches for estimating GMFM‐66 scores
Authors: Avery Lisa M , Russell Dianne J , Rosenbaum Peter L 
Published: March 2013

AimThe aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of two abbreviated approaches for estimating Gross Motor Function Measure 66 (GMFM‐66) scores against the full GMFM‐66 and to explore their strengths and limitations.MethodAn existing dataset (n=224) comprising children aged 1 to 13 years (mean age 6y 11mo, SD 4y 6mo; 132 males, 92 females) with cerebral palsy (CP) of all Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels was used to compare the validity of the item set version (GMFM‐66‐IS) and the basal and ceiling version (GMFM‐66‐B&C) with the full GMFM‐66 scores. Follow‐up assessment at 1 year (n=109) allowed evaluation of change scores and accuracy at a single point in time.ResultsThe cross‐sectional agreement was excellent for both abbreviated measures (all intraclass correlation coefficients [ICCs] >0.98). When measuring change over time, both the GMFM‐66‐IS and the GMFM‐66‐B&C showed good agreement for children with bilateral CP (ICCs >0.9). However, the GMFM‐66‐IS assessed change over 1 year more accurately than the GMFM‐66‐B&C in children with unilateral CP (ICC=0.89 vs ICC=0.58; 95% confidence intervals do not overlap).InterpretationBoth approaches for estimating GMFM‐66 scores are accurate at a single point in time. If the primary goal of assessment is to measure change, the full GMFM‐66 should still be regarded as the criterion standard. The GMFM‐66‐IS should be the preferred shortened measure for children with unilateral CP.
Age‐dependent modification of proteins: N‐terminal racemization
Authors: Lyons Brian , Kwan Ann H. , Jamie Joanne , Truscott Roger J. W. 
Published: March 2013

Age‐dependent deterioration of long‐lived proteins in humans may have wide‐ranging effects on health, fitness and diseases of the elderly. To a large extent, denaturation of old proteins appears to result from the intrinsic instability of certain amino acids; however, these reactions are incompletely understood. One method to investigate these reactions involves exposing peptides to elevated temperatures at physiological pH. Incubation of PFHSPSY, which corresponds to a region of human αB‐crystallin that is susceptible to age‐related modification, resulted in the appearance of a major product. NMR spectroscopy confirmed that this novel peptide formed via racemization of the N‐terminal Pro. This phenomenon was not confined to Pro, because peptides with N‐terminal Ser and Ala residues also underwent racemization. As N‐terminal racemization occurred at 37 °C, a long‐lived protein was examined. LC‐MS/MS analysis revealed that approximately one third of aquaporin 0 polypeptides in the centre of aged human lenses were racemized at the N‐terminal methionine.Structured digital abstract• LAP cleaves AQP0 by enzymatic study (View interaction).
Growing or reproducing in a temperate sea: optimization of resource allocation in a colonial ascidian
Authors: López‐Legentil Susanna , Erwin Patrick M. , Velasco Marta , Turon Xavier 
Published: March 2013

AbstractRelatively little is known about the life cycles of ascidians in temperate seas. Here, we investigated the biological cycle of the colonial ascidian Didemnum fulgens, a dominant species in some shallow localities of the NW Mediterranean Sea. Growth rates and frequencies of fission/fusion events were calculated over a period of 13 months, and the reproductive cycle determined after 32 months of observation. For analyses of reproduction, zooids were dissected in the laboratory and classified into five reproductive categories; these data were used to calculate a maturity index. For growth analyses, underwater photographs of marked colonies were used to estimate the surface area of D. fulgens colonies, calculate monthly growth rates, and document fusion and fission events. Clear seasonal patterns in reproduction and growth were observed, with distinct periods of investment into each function. Gonad maturation started in winter and larval release occurred in early summer, just before maximal sea temperatures were reached. After reproducing, colonies shrank and aestivated during the warmer summer months. Growth occurred during the cooler months, with maximal and minimal growth rates observed in winter and summer, respectively. Fusions and fissions occurred year‐round, although fissions were more frequent in fall (coincident with high growth rates) and fusions in spring (coincident with reproduction). These results add to the mounting evidence that ascidian life cycles in temperate seas are characterized by a trade‐off between investment in reproduction and growth, triggered by seasonal temperature shifts and constrained by resource availability during summer.
Melatonin improves the reprogramming efficiency of murine‐induced pluripotent stem cells using a secondary inducible system
Authors: Gao Shuai , Wang Zhi‐Long , Di Ke‐Qian , Chang Gang , Tao Li , An Lei , Wu Fu‐Jia , Xu Ji‐Qiang , Liu Ying‐Wei , Wu Zhong‐Hong , Li Xiang‐Yun , Gao Shaorong , Tian Jian‐Hui 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis study focused on the effect of melatonin on reprogramming with specific regard to the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Here, a secondary inducible system, which is more accurate and suitable for studying the involvement of chemicals in reprogramming efficiency, was used to evaluate the effect of melatonin on mouse iPSC generation. Secondary fibroblasts collected from all‐iPSC mice through tetraploid complementation were cultured in induction medium supplemented with melatonin at different concentrations (0, 10−6, 10−7, 10−8, 10−9, or 10−10 m) or with vitamin C (50 μg/mL) as a positive control. Compared with untreated group (0.22 ± 0.04% efficiency), 10−8 (0.81 ± 0.04%), and 10−9 m (0.83 ± 0.08%) melatonin supplementation significantly improved reprogramming efficiency (P < 0.05). Moreover, we verified that the iPSCs induced by melatonin treatment (MiPSCs) had the same characteristics as typical embryonic stem cells (ESCs), including expression of the pluripotency markers Oct4, Sox2, and Nanog, the ability to form teratomas and all three germ layers of the embryo, as well as produce chimeric mice with contribution to the germ line. Interestingly, only the melatonin receptor MT2 was detected in secondary fibroblasts, while MiPSCs and ESCs expressed MT1 and MT2 receptors. Furthermore, during the early stage of reprogramming, expression of the apoptosis‐related genes p53 and p21 was lower in the group treated with 10−9 m melatonin compared with the untreated controls. In conclusion, melatonin supplementation enhances the efficiency of murine iPSC generation. These beneficial effects may be associated with inhibition of the p53‐mediated apoptotic pathway.
An Implantable Left Atrial Pressure Sensor Lead Designed for Percutaneous Extraction Using Standard Techniques
Authors: PRETORIUS VICTOR , BIRGERSDOTTER‐GREEN ULRIKA , HEYWOOD J. THOMAS , HAFELFINGER WERNER , GUTFINGER DAN E. , EIGLER NEAL L. , LOVE CHARLES J. , ABRAHAM WILLIAM T. 
Published: March 2013

BackgroundAn implantable left atrial pressure (LAP) monitoring system for guiding the management of patients with advanced heart failure has the potential to require extraction, particularly in the setting of infection. The LAP sensor lead was designed to be suitable for ease of percutaneous extraction using standard techniques for extracting pacemaker and defibrillator leads. The clinical experience, to date, with percutaneous extraction of the LAP sensor lead is presented.MethodsA total of 82 patients underwent successful implantation of the LAP sensor lead using transseptal catheterization. Five patients of the 82 patients during a cumulative follow‐up period of 267 patient‐years (median of 2.9 years/patient) underwent percutaneous extraction using manual traction with a locking stylet and/or an excimer laser sheath to bore through adhesions. The distal fixation anchors of the LAP sensor lead are designed to fold forward during extraction so that the sensor module can easily separate from the interatrial septum.ResultsPercutaneous extraction of the LAP sensor lead was accomplished successfully in all five patients with no embolic events, vascular tears, perforations, or other complications requiring surgical intervention. Manual traction alone was sufficient to detach the LAP sensor lead from the interatrial septum in all cases. Use of the excimer laser sheath was needed in selected cases to bore through scar tissue within the venous insertion site, but not within the heart.ConclusionsThe extraction of the LAP sensor lead was accomplished safely using standard techniques and equipment for percutaneously extracting pacemaker and defibrillator leads.
Cardiac Ablation Catheter Guidance by Means of a Single Equivalent Moving Dipole Inverse Algorithm
Authors: LEE KICHANG , LV WENER , TER‐OVANESYAN EVGENY , BARLEY MAYA E. , VOYSEY GRAHAM E. , GALEA ANNA M. , HIRSCHMAN GORDON B. , LEROY KRISTEN , MARINI ROBERT P. , BARRETT CONOR , ARMOUNDAS ANTONIS A. , COHEN RICHARD J. 
Published: March 2013

BackgroundWe developed and evaluated a novel system for guiding radiofrequency catheter ablation therapy of ventricular tachycardia. This guidance system employs an inverse solution guidance algorithm (ISGA) using a single equivalent moving dipole (SEMD) localization method. The method and system were evaluated in both a saline tank phantom model and in vivo animal (swine) experiments.MethodsA catheter with two platinum electrodes spaced 3 mm apart was used as the dipole source in the phantom study. A 40‐Hz sinusoidal signal was applied to the electrode pair. In the animal study, four to eight electrodes were sutured onto the right ventricle. These electrodes were connected to a stimulus generator delivering 1‐ms duration pacing pulses. Signals were recorded from 64 electrodes, located either on the inner surface of the saline tank or on the body surface of the pig, and then processed by the ISGA to localize the physical or bioelectrical SEMD.ResultsIn the phantom studies, the guidance algorithm was used to advance a catheter tip to the location of the source dipole. The distance from the final position of the catheter tip to the position of the target dipole was 2.22 ± 0.78 mm in real space and 1.38 ± 0.78 mm in image space (computational space). The ISGA successfully tracked the locations of electrodes sutured on the ventricular myocardium and the movement of an endocardial catheter placed in the animal's right ventricle.ConclusionIn conclusion, we successfully demonstrated the feasibility of using an SEMD inverse algorithm to guide a cardiac ablation catheter.
High‐frequency micro‐ultrasound for vascular access in young children – a feasibility study by the High‐frequency UltraSound in Kids studY (HUSKY) group
Authors: Latham Gregory J. , Veneracion Melissa L. , Joffe Denise C. , Bosenberg Adrian T. , Flack Sean H. , Low Daniel K. 
Published: March 2013

SummaryBackgroundCannulation of small arteries and veins in young children can be challenging. Although anesthesiologists frequently use ultrasound for placement of central venous lines and nerve blocks, its use for cannulation of small, peripheral vessels is less helpful. Ultrasound systems (7‐15 MHz) currently used in clinical practice focus poorly at the sub‐10‐mm space and thus lack the resolution to allow accurate ultrasound‐guided cannulation of small vessels. High‐frequency micro‐ultrasound (HFMU) is a new technology that allows higher resolution (15–50 MHz) compared with conventional ultrasound. Limited human studies have been performed thus far with HFMU, and none have been performed in young children or for vascular access.MethodsThis study was conducted to determine the feasibility of using HFMU to visualize and cannulate peripheral arteries and central veins in children under the age of 6 years old. The diameter of radial and ulnar arteries was also measured.ResultsThe anesthesiologists involved in this study found the 50 MHz HFMU probe useful for cannulation of peripheral arteries, especially in the youngest children. The higher‐frequency probes were less helpful for internal jugular vein cannulation because it was not always possible to view the carotid artery while cannulating the vein.ConclusionsThe experience gained in this feasibility study suggests that HFMU could be a valuable addition to our armamentarium for difficult vascular access in the future.
Multilevel factors associated with dentists’ counseling of pregnant women about periodontal health
Authors: Chi Donald L. , Milgrom Peter , Carle Adam C. , Huebner Colleen E. , Mancl Lloyd A. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo identify factors associated with dentists’ counseling of pregnant patients about periodontal health.MethodsSurvey data from Oregon general dentists (N = 771) were linked to county‐level data from the U.S. Area Resource Files and analyzed using two‐level hierarchical linear models.ResultsDentists who believed there is an important relationship between periodontal disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes counseled significantly larger proportions of pregnant patients (p < .0001). Female dentists (p < .05) and those who saw a greater number of pregnant patients (p < .05) were more likely to counsel. County‐level health workforce characteristics (e.g., percent female physicians, obstetricians or gynecologists, female dentists) were not significantly associated with dentists’ counseling.ConclusionsDentists who were knowledgeable about periodontal disease were more likely to counsel pregnant patients. Future interventions should improve the oral health knowledge of dentists and other healthcare professionals regarding the importance of comprehensive dental care, including periodontal treatment when needed, for all pregnant patients.
Oral myiasis: a case report
Authors: Zachariah Jane Emily , Sehgal Khushboo , Dixit Uma B. , Bhatia Rupinder 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTMyiasis is a condition caused by the invasion of tissues by larvae of Diptera flies. This phenomenon is well documented in the skin especially among animals and people in tropical and subtropical areas. The condition causes extensive tissue destruction as the larvae, at least for a certain period, feed on the host's dead or living tissue, liquid body substances, or ingested food. Mouth breathing during sleep, poor oral hygiene, alcoholism, senility, mental disability, cerebral palsy, and hemiplegia may facilitate the development of myiasis. We present a case report of oral myiasis in a 22‐year‐old male with cerebral palsy and severe mental retardation treated successfully by manual removal of the larvae by topical application of turpentine oil and oral systemic therapy with ivermectin.