bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Who goes where? determining factors that influence where severely injured Canadian children are treated
Authors: Harrington AM , Yanchar N , Pike I , Macpherson AK 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundTo date research has suggested that paediatric trauma systems are associated with a reduction in preventable deaths. However, there has been little work to determine what factors are associated with determining where a severely injured paediatric patient is treated.Aims/Objectives/PurposeTo determine factors that are associated with where a paediatric patient with a severe injury receives definitive treatment. Treatment location will be classified by hospital type; paediatric trauma centre (level I/II), adult trauma centre (level I/II) or other.MethodsThe Discharge Abstract Database will be used to discern factors that are associated with where a severely injured child receives definitive treatment. Children (≤16 years) who have sustained a severe injury (defined by ICD-10 codes) will be isolated. The primary outcome variable will be treatment location classified into three groups by hospital type; paediatric trauma centre (level I/II), adult trauma centre (level I/II) or other. Demographic, hospital and other care related factors will be included in the final adjusted modelsOutcomeAnalysis is currently underway.Significance/ContributionThis study will provide an overview of the current functioning of the regional Canadian paediatric trauma systems and what factors are related to definitive care. This will provide key information to address any disparities in access to proper trauma care for severely injured paediatric patients. Additionally, it will allow for future work to determine if where definitive treatment is received impacts on patient outcomes.
Pre-hospital care in Ilorin: a call for action
Authors: Ofoegbu C , Nasir A , Lawal I , Abubakar S , Babalola O , Solagberu B 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundMany fatal injuries may be prevented or their severity reduced by adequate prehospital trauma care. Lack of emergency medical services in Nigeria accounted for significant mortality and morbidity.Aims/Objectives/PurposeTo evaluate quality and availability of pre-hospital trauma care in Ilorin, Nigeria.MethodsA prospective study was undertaken at the emergency room (ER) over 4 months period. Intervention at site of injury, mode of transportation, intervention during transportation, person who brought patient to the hospital and injury arrival time was recorded. Data was analysed with SPSS 15.0ResultsA total of 151 patients were included, of which 126 (83.4%) were male. Most injuries 84.8% (n=128) occurred on highway/street. Traffic crashes accounted for 72.2% (109). Only six (4.5%) patients had intervention at the site of injury (four had splinting and two cleansing of external wounds). Only two (1.5%) patients had fracture splinting provided during transport. Patients were brought to hospital by relatives (81, 53.6%), Police/Federal road safety corps (33, 21.8%) and bystanders (24, 15.9%). Only 75 patients had documentation of mode of transport: public vehicles (41, 54.7%), private cars (23, 30.7%), police/Federal Road Safety Corps patron van (6, 8%). only two (2.7%) patients were transported with ambulances. Sixty-six percent of patients arrived in hospital within 1hrs (70% brought by relatives/bystanders, p=0.0001).Significance/Contribution to FieldThis study shows that most injured persons were still first seen and transported by untrained relatives, bystanders or police officers. Training of community members in first respondent care may benefit large numbers of victims of serious and life-threatening injury.
A SAFER CANDLE PROJECT – SOUTH AFRICA
Authors: Mtambeka PP , Schulman D , du Toit N , Rode H , Van As AB 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundThere are two main causes of shack fires in South Africa: Fallen candles and paraffin-related burns. These fires lead to devastating consequences and huge economic losses.Aim/GoalThe goal of this project is to facilitate and promote safer use of candles in a glass jar, with the ultimate aim to prevent fires, burn injuries and deaths caused by fallen candles, targeting individuals and families who live in informal homes.Material and MethodsChildsafe South Africa personnel conducted a number of trials to test the “Candle in a glass jar” concept. In 2006, the project was piloted in an informal area that exclusively uses candles as source of light. Further demonstration and educational sessions have taken place and over 100,000 jar units have been distributed to various communities to date.ResultsThe Safer Candle Project is six years old, and has become one of Childsafe's established programmes. It has been widely accepted and been approved by World Wide Fund for Nature SA (WWF) for Earth Hour 2011& 2012.SignificanceThe idea of candle in the glass jar is recommended as its very simple and preventative measure to reduce fires mainly caused by candles tipping. One of its advantages is that it places no financial burden on families, as there are virtually no costs involved.
An audit of burns mortality between November 2007 and June 2008 using mortuary injury data in Lusaka, Zambia
Authors: Mtonga R 
Published: October 2012

SummaryLusaka, the Capital City of Zambia, runs a Death Registry Office, which captures all deaths in a catchment area of nearly 2 000 000 people before disposal of the body by burial or cremation.ObjectivesTo audit burns-related mortality between November 2007 and June 2009 at the Lusaka Death Registry.MethodsThis was a retrospective study employing all records including Certificates of Deaths, Burial Permits and Postmortem findings. The data was then compared with originating Health centre and Police death Records.ResultsA total of 614 injury-related deaths were recorded with 104 or 16.9% due to burns. The majority 78(75%) involved children under 6 years of age, 27(15%) aged 7–35 years while the rest 10(4%) were over 36 years old. 58(55.8%) were males and 46(44.2%) were female. Dry and wet heat, open fires, hot water, porridge, combustible agents such as petroleum products were the causative agents.Contribution to the FieldBurns mortality, a largely preventable cause of death in Lusaka, mainly affects children under 6 years of age. Clinician's early and prudent use of antibiotics, bactericidal creams, skin grafting, adequate rehydration and good nutrition can help prevent burns mortality. Studying and taking measures to reduce contact with causative agents will help reduce burns mortality and injury-related mortality overall. Death Registries can be used to not only to show burns mortality trends and causative agents but monitor effectiveness of treatment regimens.
Source of safety information—the importance of a personal appeal for service utilisation among urban families
Authors: Vanya Jones , Andrea Gielen , Eileen McDonald , Chris Gibbons M 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundInterpersonal dialogue and the Internet have been established as sources of health information. However, little is known about how urban families learn about community programmes.AimsThe aims of this study are to determine: (1) sources of information for community programmes among urban residents and (2) if source of information is associated with utilising a free smoke alarm distribution programme.MethodsSurveys were conducted with a random sample of city residents to measure safety information. χ2tests were used to determine differences between sources of information and knowledge and utilisation of the smoke alarm programme.ResultsOf the 603 participants interviewed most received information from friends/neighbours (64%), newspapers (54%), and the Internet (35%). Women compared to men were more likely to use personal (88% and 81%, respectively, p=0.01) and sources of information (78% and 67%, p=0.01). Compared to those with a high school diploma, those without one were less likely to identify the Internet (p=0.01) as an informational source. Those who cited personal and print sources were more likely to have heard about the smoke alarm programme (89% and 79%, respectively, p=0.01) compared to those who cited Internet or television and radio (34% and 58%, respectively, p=0.01). Individuals who used personal sources were more likely to have participated in the smoke alarm programme (p=0.01).SignificanceThis work underscores the continued importance of personal appeals to promote safety services in communities.
Fire-related injuries requiring inpatient care: descriptive analysis, incidence and patients during 2000–2009
Authors: Pirjo Lillsunde , Kari Haikonen , Philippe Lunetta , Anne Lounamaa 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundIncidence of fire-related deaths in Finland is higher than in majority of the westernised countries exceeding 2 deaths/100 000 persons. No nationwide epidemiological study focused on severe fire-related injuries existed.Aims/Objectives/PurposeThis study attempts to provide comprehensive overview on injuries due to smoke, fire and flames during 2000–2009 in Finland.MethodsPatients with fire-related injury following with inpatient care during 2000–2009 were studied in a register based study.Results/OutcomeAnnually 293 patients on average (population 5.3 million) had fire-related injuries with in-patient care. Majority of these patients were males (74%). Females were older in general having mean age of 51 years while mean age for males was 40 years. During the 10 year period the mean age of both males and females has been increasing.Significance/Contribution to the FieldThe nationwide picture was provided and the findings showed several implications for prevention. House fires were the most typical for late middle aged and older while injuries from campfires, barbecues, incinerating and flammable substances were distinctively more associated with younger age. Interesting is also the increasing trend among combustion gas poisonings.
The model school zone project at St. Andrews School supports the decade of action for road safety: Safe Kids Philippines experience
Authors: Rolloque A , Consunji R , Perez MT , Alcantra M , Azas PD 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundSafe Kids Philippines (SKP) observed that the walking environments of many schools in the Philippines are not safe for children pedestrians. Thus SKP joined Safe Kids Worldwide to implement the Model School Zone project.Aims/Objectives/PurposeTo convert St. Andrew's School into a Model School Zone, to improve the safety of pedestrians by evaluating the school zone, and to implement interventions including permanent environmental and infrastructure improvements are the goals of the project.MethodsSKP identified a school, solicited the commitments of the stakeholders from the government and community. The project has three phases: collection of baseline data, developing interventions and evaluation of the project. The Photovoice Methodology, where students took photos of the walking environments and wrote about their perceptions, was also utilised.Results/OutcomesFindings through the school zone assessment tool were: the walking environments were chaotic. There was a mix of pedestrians and vehicles on the roadway. A total of 600 motorcycles of more than 2000 vehicles were the majority among the road users in an hour. Sidewalks were not available. Traffic enforcers did not know standard signages. Highways were used as parking lots. About 2000 students were in need pedestrian safety education. After presenting data to stakeholders, interventions addressed education, engineering and enforcement needs.Significance/Contribution to the FieldIn aligning to the goals of the Decade of Action for Road Safety, SKP recognises that baseline data is as important as interventions and evaluation in reducing road traffic injuries. In this direction, SKP is connecting pathways for a vibrant and safer future.
Risk of fracture in children with epilepsy: a cohort study using the general practice research database
Authors: Prasad V , West J , Kendrick D , Sayal K 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundEpilepsy is thought to be associated with an increased risk of fractures but information on the estimated risk, especially in children, has been limited. Childhood injuries, including fractures, are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the UK and worldwide.AimsTo measure the rates of fracture injuries in children and young people with epilepsy aged 0–24 years compared to children without epilepsy in the UK primary care population.MethodsA historical cohort study was conducted using data from the General Practice Research Database (GPRD) from 1 January 1987 to 31 December 2009. All participants with epilepsy (aged 0–24 years) were frequency-matched, by 5-year age band and practice, to up to five participants without epilepsy. Incidence rate ratios for fracture were estimated and adjusted for potential confounders.Results/OutcomeThere were a total of 100 524 in the cohort. Of these 74 206 did not have epilepsy and 22 143 had epilepsy based on our inclusion criteria. Final results from the analysis on fracture rates will be presented at the conference.Significance/Contribution to the FieldAccurate estimates of the risk of fracture in children with epilepsy compared to children without epilepsy would be useful to inform treatment decisions, educate families on fracture risk at the point of diagnosis and to inform lifestyle choices.
Adult opinions about the age at which children can be left home, bathe, or bike alone, Injury Control and Risk Survey (ICARIS), 2007–2008
Authors: Karin Mack , Ann Dellinger , Bethany West 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundSupervision of children is widely considered a critical factor in injury prevention, yet it is poorly understood.PurposeThis study describes adult opinions about the need for child supervision in various activities.MethodsData come from a representative survey of US adults. Respondents were asked to suggest the minimum age a child could safely: be left alone in their house; take a bath alone; ride a bike alone in a low traffic area. Respondents who reported having children were also asked if their child had ever been allowed to: play outside alone, or play alone in a room in the house, for more than 10 min; be in the bathtub with another child; and be in a bathtub alone.ResultsOverall the mean age that adults believed a child could be home alone was 13 years (95% CI 12.9 to 13.1), bathe alone was 7.5 years (95% CI 7.4 to 7.6), or bike alone was 10.1 years (95% CI 10.0 to 10.3). There were no significant differences by gender or age of respondent. There were significant differences in opinions by income, education, and race. For example, white respondents were significantly more likely to report a younger age (7.2 years) for bathing alone than Hispanic (8.3 years) or African American (8.4 years) respondents.SignificanceAssessing adult's understanding of the appropriate age for independent action helps set a context for providing guidance on parental supervision. Guidelines offered to parents should consider social norms as well as child development stages, and messaging can then be tailored by income, education and race.
Childhood injury surveillance in a Nigerian teaching hospital
Authors: Ofoegbu C , Nasir A , Burrows S , Abdur-Rahman L , Babalola O , Yusuf A , Solagberu B 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundInformation on childhood injury in Nigeria is scanty. There is a need to establish and strengthen childhood injury monitoring and reporting as a useful tool for childhood injury control.Aims/Objectives/PurposeThe aim of this pilot study was to develop a childhood injury surveillance system at University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria.MethodsAll children aged ≤15 years presenting with injuries at the emergency room (ER) during a 10-month period were included. A structured form was designed to obtain information on injury history from parents/guardians. Clinical details were extracted from medical records. Data were compared using χ2/Fisher's exact test as appropriate.Results/OutcomeA total of 111 children presented to the ER with injuries (10% of all patients seen). The median age was 72 months, with a male : female ratio of 1.9 : 1. Leading mechanisms of unintentional injuries were road traffic crashes (RTC) (44%), falls (37%) and burns (13%). In 58% of RTCs, the injured child was a pedestrian. Injuries mostly occurred in homes (43%) and on streets/highways (39%). Major injuries involved the head and neck (42%) and extremities (27%). Most injuries were moderate to severe (76%) with 12% resulting in death. RTCs accounted for 46% mortality. Mortality was significantly influenced by age (p=0.028), nature of injury (p=0.013) and injury severity (p=0.000).Significance /Contribution to the FieldThe injury surveillance system provided valuable information on childhood injuries presenting to the ER. The results suggest that improved home and road safety and increased parental supervision are needed to reduce childhood injury.
National survey of the injury prevention activities of sure start children's centres
Authors: Watson MC , Mulvaney C , Kendrick D , Stewart J , Coupland C , Hayes M , Wynn P ,   on behalf of the Keeping Children Safe at Home programme
Published: October 2012

BackgroundChildren's Centres were an important part of the UK Government's 10-year childcare strategy and were established across England to improve health outcomes for children. Injury prevention is one of the many roles Centres have in protecting and promoting children's health. The Centres have the potential to make significant contributions to home safety for children under 5.Aims/Objectives/PurposeTo ascertain what activities Children's Centres are undertaking to prevent or reduce unintentional injuries in the under fives.MethodsA postal questionnaire was sent to a sample of Children's Centre managers. Cluster sampling was used and 694 Centres were included in the sample. The questionnaire included questions on current activities, knowledge and attitudes to child injury prevention, child health priorities and partnership working.Results/OutcomeResponses were received from 56% of Centres. Most respondents (59%) did not know if there was an injury prevention group in their area, and 21% did not know if there was a local home safety equipment scheme. Only 11% knew the major cause of injury deaths in children under five. Lack of staff time and funding were seen as important barriers by staff to undertake injury prevention activities. There are considerable differences in the injury prevention activities between Children's Centres. There were gaps in knowledge both about injuries and local prevention initiatives.Significance/Contribution to the FieldThis is the first study analysing the unintentional injury prevention activities of Children's Centres. They need support (including training and resources) if they are to fulfil their unintentional injury prevention roles.
Guerrilla marketing in child injury prevention—winning the war to keep kids safe in New Zealand
Authors: Rola A 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundUnintentional childhood injury is a serious but neglected public health issue in New Zealand. The casualties are high (two children killed every week and 8184 children hospitalised every year), and the economic burden is immense—it cost the government NZ$146.6 million in child injury claims during the 2007/2008 financial year.Unintentional childhood injury is not seen as a priority issue, has few allies, and receives little support or recognition. The injury prevention workforce is facing an uphill battle, and Safekids, the child injury prevention service for New Zealand, is forced to pursue conventional goals with unconventional methods—using Guerrilla Marketing tactics. And somehow, Safekids New Zealand is winning the war.Aims/Objectives/PurposeThe purpose of this study it to present Guerrilla Marketing as an effective public health tool when funding or resources are limited or non-existent. It presents tactics used during the Safekids Campaigns of 2009–2011 (Child Passenger and Driveway Runover Injury).MethodsSafekids travels across the country to establish a network of coalitions to fight for child injury prevention. Safekids ‘arms’ communities with information and tools that encourage low-cost, innovative means to promote Safekids messages.Results/OutcomeGuerrilla Marketing played an important role during the 2009–2011 Safekids Campaigns, raising national awareness on unintentional child injury issues, moved the Government to consider law change, and empowered injury prevention workers across the country.
The indigenous connection/Maori—aotearoa (NZ) context
Authors: Blackie Tohiariki 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundOn average, six Maori children are admitted to hospital every day for an unintentional injury. The main goal of Tamariki Haumaru ki Aotearoa (Safekids NZ) is to reduce the incidence and severity of unintentional injuries to our NZ children aged 0–14 years. In order to steer that process of addressing an indigenous focus ‘back to the future’ one needs to gain a basic understanding of some traditional aspects of Maori Health and well-being.Aims/Objectives/PurposeProvide a relevant Spectrum of Injury Prevention model that will serve as a pictorial representation of what will work in Aotearoa. Provide Safekids coalition leaders and collaborative injury prevention networks with proactive initiatives to recognise and address ‘The Indigenous Connection’.MethodsA brief look at unintentional child injury mortality and morbidity for the indigenous peoples of Aotearoa—New Zealand. Identify a generic model that can be adopted to actively address indigenous issues and possibly reduce the incidence of unintentional Injuries.OutcomesTo apply the indigenous Maori traditional concepts and philosophies from Birthing to Te Kohanga Reo (Early Childcare Language Nests) through Kura Kaupapa Maori (Immersion Primary Schools). These early seeds sown are the critical seeds for ‘safety’ across Maori indigenous pedagogy.ConclusionsThese idealolgies have been presented in many Maori Health promotion ‘models’—Te Whare Tapawha (Durie 1998), Te Pae Maahutonga (Durie 2000) and Kia Uruuru Mai a Hauora (Ratima 2001), all evolving from a traditional base of concepts, values, principles, processes and strategies with an underlying purpose of connecting ‘pathways for a vibrant and culturally safer future’.