bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dampak Implementasi Penggunaan Teknologi Manufaktur Tingkat Lanjut -Advanced Manufacturing Technology pada Kinerja UKM di Indonesia
Authors: Rahardjo Jani 
Published: November 2014

In Indonesia, 99.8% of the businesses are SMEs. However, those SMEs only contribute to the 56.7% of the Indonesia GDP. This happened, mainly due to the limitations of SMEs which use traditional technologies in the production process. Therefore, in 2014, the Indonesian government through the Ministry of Cooperation and Small Medium Entreprises launced a new strategic plan to empowering the SMEs by applying the Advanced Manufacting Technology (AMT). It is believed that by applying the AMT in the SMEs can increase productivities, expand the market share and raised national economic growth. This study, identified the used of AMT in the Indonesia SMEs, especially in foods, beverages, herbal and handicraft sectors. Additionally, it is also measured the impact of the used of AMT in the SMEs’ performaces. In this study, it is found that 76.6 % of the total sampel (253 SMEs) declared that they use the AMT. This indicates that the Indonesia SMEs have a clear operation mission, process production, high quality products and meet the customer’s satisfaction. It is also found that the percentage of the hard technology is higher than the soft technology. This showed that there is a large effort to increase the productivity in the process production. Finally, we found that the impact of the AMT used to the SMEs’ performance in the market share, profitability and organization performance is increased significantly.
Aerosol effects on global land surface energy fluxes during 2003–2010
Authors: Liu Shaoqing , Chen Min , Zhuang Qianlai 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAerosols affect downward solar radiation, impacting the terrestrial ecosystem carbon dynamics and energy budget. Here we apply a coupled modeling framework of a terrestrial ecosystem model and an atmospheric radiative transfer model to evaluate aerosol direct radiative effects on the surface heat fluxes of global terrestrial ecosystems during 2003–2010. We find that aerosol loadings decrease the mean latent heat flux by 2.4 Wm−2 (or evapotranspiration by 28 mm) and sensible heat flux by 16 Wm−2. As a result, global mean soil moisture and water evaporative fraction have increased by 0.5% and 4%, respectively. Spatially, aerosol effects are significant in tropical forests and temperate broadleaf evergreen forests. This study is among the first quantifications of aerosols' effects on the heat fluxes of the global terrestrial ecosystems. The study further suggests that both direct and indirect aerosol radiative effects through aerosol‐cloud interactions should be considered to quantify the energy budget of the global terrestrial ecosystems.
The spectral dimension of longwave feedback in the CMIP3 and CMIP5 experiments
Authors: Huang Xianglei , Chen Xiuhong , Soden Brian J. , Liu Xu 
Published: November 2014

AbstractRadiative feedback is normally discussed in terms of the change of broadband flux. Yet it has an intrinsic dimension of spectrum. A set of longwave (LW) spectral radiative kernels (SRKs) is constructed and validated in a similar way as the broadband radiative kernel. The LW broadband feedback derived using this SRK are consistent with those from the broadband radiative kernels. As an application, the SRK is applied to 12 general circulation models (GCMs) from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 3 and 12 GCMs from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 simulations to derive the spectrally resolved Planck, lapse rate, and LW water vapor feedback. The spectral details of the Planck feedback from different GCMs are essentially the same, but the lapse rate and LW water vapor feedback do reveal spectrally dependent difference among GCMs. Spatial distributions of the feedback at different spectral regions are also discussed. The spectral feedback analysis provides us another dimension to understand and evaluate the modeled radiative feedback.
Fluid‐induced earthquakes with variable stress drop
Authors: Lengliné O. , Lamourette L. , Vivin L. , Cuenot N. , Schmittbuhl J. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe static stress drop of an earthquake, which quantifies the ratio of seismic slip to the size of the rupture, is almost constant over several orders of magnitudes. Although variations are often observed, it is difficult, however, to attribute these variations either to a well‐defined phenomenon or simply to measurement uncertainty. In this study we analyze the static stress drop of earthquakes that occurred during a water circulation test in the Soultz‐sous‐Forêts, France, geothermal reservoir in 2010. During this circulation test, 411 earthquakes were recorded, the largest event having a magnitude MD2.3. We show that several earthquakes in the reservoir can be combined into groups of closely located similar repeating waveforms. We infer that the amplitudes, and hence magnitudes, vary between the repeaters although the waveforms and spectra are both similar in shape. We measure similar corner frequencies for these events despite their different magnitudes, suggesting a similar rupture size. Our results imply that events at the same location may exhibit stress drop variations by as much as a factor of 300. We interpret that this variation in stress drop is caused by fluid pressure at the interface reducing the normal stress. We also hypothesize that the observed variations reflect a transition from stable to unstable slip on the imaged asperities.
Joint bias correction of temperature and precipitation in climate model simulations
Authors: Li Chao , Sinha Eva , Horton Daniel E. , Diffenbaugh Noah S. , Michalak Anna M. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBias correction of meteorological variables from climate model simulations is a routine strategy for circumventing known limitations of state‐of‐the‐art general circulation models. Although the assessment of climate change impacts often depends on the joint variability of multiple variables, commonly used bias correction methodologies treat each variable independently and do not consider the relationship among variables. Independent bias correction can therefore produce non‐physical corrections and may fail to capture important multivariate relationships. Here, we introduce a joint bias correction methodology (JBC) and apply it to precipitation (P) and temperature (T) fields from the fifth phase of the Climate Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) model ensemble. This approach is based on a general bivariate distribution of P‐T and can be seen as a multivariate extension of the commonly used univariate quantile mapping method. It proceeds by correcting either P or T first and then correcting the other variable conditional upon the first one, both following the concept of the univariate quantile mapping. JBC is shown to not only reduce biases in the mean and variance of P and T similarly to univariate quantile mapping, but also to correct model‐simulated biases in P‐T correlation fields. JBC, using methods such as the one presented here, thus represents an important step in impacts‐based research as it explicitly accounts for inter‐variable relationships as part of the bias correction procedure, thereby improving not only the individual distributions of P and T, but critically, their joint distribution.
Search for a high‐altitude lunar dust exosphere using Clementine navigational star tracker measurements
Authors: Glenar David A. , Stubbs Timothy J. , Hahn Joseph M. , Wang Yongli 
Published: November 2014

AbstractDuring the 1994 Clementine lunar mapping mission, portions of 25 orbits were dedicated to a search for lunar horizon glow (LHG) using the spacecraft star tracker navigation cameras. Previous putative detections of LHG were believed to result from forward scattering of sunlight by exospheric dust grains with radii ≈ 0.1 µm, observable above the limb from within the shadow of the Moon near orbital sunrise or sunset. We have examined star tracker image sequences from five Clementine orbits in which the limb occulted the Sun, and was at least partially shadowed from earthshine, minimizing the chance of stray light contamination. No LHG appears in the image data, or in any of the net brightness images, after subtraction of a reference zodiacal light model. However, some of the images display faint excess limb brightness that appears to be solar streamer structure. Therefore, we derive upper limits for the amount of dust in the lunar exosphere that could be hidden by these brightness fluctuations using a dust‐scattering simulation code and simple exponential dust profiles defined by surface concentration n0 and scale height H. Simulations using grains of radius 0.1 µm show that fluctuations in the observed excess brightness can be matched by a dust exosphere with a vertical column abundance n0H of 5–30 cm−2 and overlying mass <10−12 g cm−2. These dust upper limit estimates are highly dependent on assumed grain size due to the rapid increase in per‐grain brightness with grain radius.
Time Trends in Incidence, Clinical Features, and Cardiovascular Disease in Ankylosing Spondylitis Over Three Decades: A Population‐Based Study
Authors: Wright Kerry A. , Crowson Cynthia S. , Michet Clement J. , Matteson Eric L. 
Published: November 2014

ObjectiveTo determine trends in the incidence and clinical presentation of ankylosing spondylitis (AS), the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cardiovascular (CV) risk factors among patients with AS and compare the observed incidence of CVD with that predicted by the Framingham Risk Score (FRS).MethodsA population‐based inception cohort of residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota age ≥18 years who fulfilled Modified New York Criteria for AS in 1980–2009 was assembled. Clinical features at presentation were recorded. Age‐ and sex‐adjusted incidence rates and survival were estimated. Incident CVD and CV risk factors were identified. The 10‐year CVD risk was calculated using the FRS. Standardized incidence ratios (ratios of observed CVD in AS to that predicted by the FRS) were calculated.ResultsEighty‐six patients were diagnosed with AS over the study period with an age‐ and sex‐adjusted incidence of 3.1 per 100,000 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 2.5–3.8). The mean age at diagnosis was 35 years (range 19–69 years). Inflammatory back pain, seen in 90% of patients, was the most common presenting manifestation. The 10‐year mean ± SD cumulative incidence of CVD was 15.8% ± 6.1%, three times higher than the predicted events based on the FRS (standardized incidence ratio 3.01, 95% CI 1.35–6.69; P = 0.007). Overall survival was similar to the general population.ConclusionAS occurs in approximately 3 persons per 100,000 per year. Clinical features, extraarticular manifestations, and interval from symptom onset to diagnosis have remained constant in this population over the study period. The CVD risk in these patients is higher than expected and underestimated by the FRS.
Lewis‐Acid‐Catalyzed Direct Allylation of Electron‐Poor N‐Heterocyclic Amides through an Amide‐Aldehyde‐Alkene Condensation
Authors: Wang Xiao‐Xia , Quan Zheng‐Jun , Wang Xi‐Cun 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWe report a general protocol for the direct N‐allylation of electron‐poor N‐heterocyclic amides and sulfonamides via an amide‐aldehyde‐alkene condensation reaction catalyzed by a Lewis acid. This process has a broad substrate scope with respect to N‐heterocyclic amides including carbamates, carboxamides, and N‐methylsulfonamides, and provides efficient access to a variety of allylamine derivatives in good yield with high regioselectivity. The utility of this method was also demonstrated by the rapid synthesis of Naftifine from N‐methyl‐1‐naphthamide, paraformaldehyde, and styrene in one‐pot.
Neural function, injury, and stroke subtype predict treatment gains after stroke
Authors: Burke Quinlan Erin , Dodakian Lucy , See Jill , McKenzie Alison , Le Vu , Wojnowicz Mike , Shahbaba Babak , Cramer Steven C. 
Published: November 2014

ObjectiveThis study was undertaken to better understand the high variability in response seen when treating human subjects with restorative therapies poststroke. Preclinical studies suggest that neural function, neural injury, and clinical status each influence treatment gains; therefore, the current study hypothesized that a multivariate approach incorporating these 3 measures would have the greatest predictive value.MethodsPatients 3 to 6 months poststroke underwent a battery of assessments before receiving 3 weeks of standardized upper extremity robotic therapy. Candidate predictors included measures of brain injury (including to gray and white matter), neural function (cortical function and cortical connectivity), and clinical status (demographics/medical history, cognitive/mood, and impairment).ResultsAmong all 29 patients, predictors of treatment gains identified measures of brain injury (smaller corticospinal tract [CST] injury), cortical function (greater ipsilesional motor cortex [M1] activation), and cortical connectivity (greater interhemispheric M1–M1 connectivity). Multivariate modeling found that best prediction was achieved using both CST injury and M1–M1 connectivity (r2 = 0.44, p = 0.002), a result confirmed using Lasso regression. A threshold was defined whereby no subject with >63% CST injury achieved clinically significant gains. Results differed according to stroke subtype; gains in patients with lacunar stroke were best predicted by a measure of intrahemispheric connectivity.InterpretationResponse to a restorative therapy after stroke is best predicted by a model that includes measures of both neural injury and function. Neuroimaging measures were the best predictors and may have an ascendant role in clinical decision making for poststroke rehabilitation, which remains largely reliant on behavioral assessments. Results differed across stroke subtypes, suggesting the utility of lesion‐specific strategies. ANN NEUROL 2015;77:132–145
Elektrochemie der Wasserstoffentwicklungsreaktion: Optimierung durch Korrelation von Experiment und Theorie
Authors: Zheng Yao , Jiao Yan , Jaroniec Mietek , Qiao Shi Zhang 
Published: November 2014

AbstractDie elektrokatalytische Wasserstoffentwicklungsreaktion (HER) ist Gegenstand intensiver Studien. Sie ist der zentrale Schritt bei der Wasserspaltung und dient außerdem als Modellreaktion zur Erforschung der Mechanismen anderer elektrochemischer Mehrelektronenprozesse. Eine große Zahl von Elektrokatalysatoren für die HER wurde entwickelt, und jüngste Fortschritte lieferten tiefe Einblicke in die Elektrochemie der Reaktion. In diesem Kurzaufsatz nehmen wir eine kritische Bewertung der theoretischen und experimentellen Studien an HER‐Elektrokatalysatoren vor, mit besonderem Schwerpunkt auf der Elektronenstruktur, der Oberflächenchemie und dem molekularen Design der Materialien. Wir zeigen, wie man durch wechselseitige Korrelation von theoretischen Studien und elektrochemischen Messungen zu einem besseren Verständnis der HER‐Elektrokatalyse auf atomarer Ebene gelangt. Grundlegende Konzepte der computerbasierten Quantenchemie und ihrer Beziehung zur experimentellen Elektrochemie werden vorgestellt und an einigen repräsentativen Beispielen erläutert.
A Mild Dihydrobenzooxaphosphole Oxazoline/Iridium Catalytic System for Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Unfunctionalized Dialins
Authors: Qu Bo , Samankumara Lalith P. , Ma Shengli , Fandrick Keith R. , Desrosiers Jean‐Nicolas , Rodriguez Sonia , Li Zhibin , Haddad Nizar , Han Zhengxu S. , McKellop Keith , Pennino Scott , Grinberg Nelu , Gonnella Nina C. , Song Jinhua J. , Senanayake Chris H. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAir‐stable P‐chiral dihydrobenzooxaphosphole oxazoline ligands were designed and synthesized. When they were used in the iridium‐catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of unfunctionalized 1‐aryl‐3,4‐dihydronaphthalenes under one atmosphere pressure of H2, up to 99:1 e.r. was obtained. High enantioselectivities were also observed in the reduction of the exocyclic imine derivatives of 1‐tetralones.
Elevated Levels of Pentraxin 3 in Systemic Sclerosis: Associations With Vascular Manifestations and Defective Vasculogenesis
Authors: Shirai Yuichiro , Okazaki Yuka , Inoue Yumiko , Tamura Yuichi , Yasuoka Hidekata , Takeuchi Tsutomu , Kuwana Masataka 
Published: November 2014

ObjectiveTo clarify the role of pentraxin 3 (PTX3), a multifunctional pattern recognition protein that can suppress fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF‐2), in systemic sclerosis (SSc)–related vasculopathy.MethodsWe assessed 171 SSc patients and 19 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy control subjects. Circulating PTX3 and FGF‐2 levels were measured by enzyme immunoassay, and CD34+CD133+CD309+ endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) were counted by flow cytometry. Correlations between PTX3 and FGF‐2 and the presence or future development of vascular manifestations, including digital ulcers and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), were identified by univariate and multivariate analysis. The effect of PTX3 on EPC differentiation was evaluated in proangiogenic cultures of mouse bone marrow cells in combination with colony formation assay.ResultsCirculating PTX3 and FGF‐2 levels were significantly higher in SSc patients than in healthy control subjects. PTX3 was elevated in SSc patients who had digital ulcers or PAH, while FGF‐2 was reduced in SSc patients with PAH. Multivariate analysis identified elevated PTX3 as an independent parameter associated with the presence of digital ulcers and PAH, and PTX3 levels were a useful predictor of future occurrences of digital ulcers. Reduced FGF‐2 was independently associated with the presence of PAH. EPC counts were significantly lower in patients with digital ulcers or PAH and correlated negatively with circulating PTX3 concentrations. Finally, PTX3 inhibited EPC differentiation in vitro.ConclusionIn SSc patients, exposure to high concentrations of PTX3 may suppress EPC‐mediated vasculogenesis and promote vascular manifestations such as digital ulcers and PAH.
Function of the Th17/Interleukin‐17A Immune Response in Murine Lupus Nephritis
Authors: Schmidt Tilman , Paust Hans‐Joachim , Krebs Christian F. , Turner Jan‐Eric , Kaffke Anna , Bennstein Sabrina B. , Koyro Tobias , Peters Anett , Velden Joachim , Hünemörder Stefanie , Haag Friedrich , Steinmetz Oliver M. , Mittrücker Hans‐Willi , Stahl Rolf A. K. , Panzer Ulf 
Published: November 2014

ObjectiveThe CD4+ T cell immune response plays a pivotal role in the immunopathogenesis of human and experimental lupus nephritis, but the contribution of the Th17/interleukin‐17 (IL‐17) immune pathway to renal tissue injury in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) remains to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to characterize the function of the Th17/IL‐17A immune response in 2 murine models of lupus nephritis.MethodsIL‐17A–deficient MRL/MPJ‐Faslpr/2J (MRL/lpr) mice were generated, and the clinical course of nephritis was monitored by assessing the levels of albuminuria, extent of renal tissue injury, and functional parameters. In addition, lupus‐prone (NZB × NZW)F1 (NZB/NZW) mice were treated with anti–IL‐17A and anti–interferon‐γ (anti‐IFNγ) antibodies, and their effects on the clinical course of lupus nephritis were assessed.ResultsCharacterization of renal IL‐17A–producing and IFNγ‐producing T cells in MRL/lpr and NZB/NZW mice revealed low numbers of infiltrating CD3+IL‐17A+ cells. Renal IL‐17A was mainly produced by CD4/CD8 double‐negative CD3+ T cells and CD4+ Th17 cells. In contrast, the number of renal CD3+IFNγ+ cells continuously increased over time and largely consisted of typical CD4+ Th1 cells. IL‐17A deficiency did not affect the morphologic or functional parameters in MRL/lpr mice with lupus nephritis, nor did IL‐17A neutralization affect the clinical course of nephritis in NZB/NZW mice, but anti‐IFNγ treatment attenuated the severity of the disease.ConclusionThe Th17/IL‐17A immune response plays no major role in the immunopathogenesis of lupus nephritis in MRL/lpr and NZB/NZW mice. Thus, the results of this study do not support the hypothesis that IL‐17A targeting could be an intriguing new therapeutic approach for the management of proliferative lupus nephritis in SLE patients.
Site‐specific conjugation of an antibody‐binding protein catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase creates a multivalent protein conjugate with high affinity to IgG
Authors: Minamihata Kosuke , Goto Masahiro , Kamiya Noriho 
Published: November 2014

AbstractCross‐linking proteins offers an approach to enhance the distinct function of proteins due to the multivalent effect. In this study, we demonstrated the preparation of a multivalent antibody‐binding protein possessing high affinity to IgG by conjugating a number of antibody‐binding proteins using the horseradish peroxidase (HRP)‐mediated protein conjugation method. By introducing a peptide tag containing a tyrosine (Y‐tag) to the C‐terminus of the model protein, a chimera protein of protein G and protein A (pG2pA), the Tyr residue in the Y‐tag was efficiently recognized by HRP and cross‐linked with each other to yield a pG2pA conjugate, composed of mainly two to three units of pG2pA. The cross‐linking occurred site specifically at the Tyr residue in the Y‐tag and introduction of the Y‐tag showed no effect on the function of pG2pA. The affinity of the Y‐tagged pG2pA conjugate against IgG clearly increased because of the multivalent effect, demonstrating the benefit of this protein cross‐linking reaction, which yields functional protein oligomers. Such multivalent protein conjugates created by this reaction should have potential to be used in ELISA and Western blotting applications in which highly sensitive detection of target molecules is desired.
Use of a pathway quality improvement care bundle to reduce mortality after emergency laparotomy
Authors: Huddart S , Peden C J , Swart M , McCormick B , Dickinson M , Mohammed M A , Quiney N , Hemmings V , Riga A , Belguamkar A , Zuleika M , White D , Corrigan L , Howes T , Richards S , Dalton S , Cook T , Kryztopik R , Cornwell A , Goddard J , Grifiths S , Frost F , Pigott A , Pittman J , Cossey L , Smart N , Daniels I 
Published: November 2014

Abstract

Background
Emergency laparotomies in the UK, USA and Denmark are known to have a high risk of death, with accompanying evidence of suboptimal care. The emergency laparotomy pathway quality improvement care (ELPQuiC) bundle is an evidence-based care bundle for patients undergoing emergency laparotomy, consisting of: initial assessment with early warning scores, early antibiotics, interval between decision and operation less than 6 h, goal-directed fluid therapy and postoperative intensive care.

Methods
The ELPQuiC bundle was implemented in four hospitals, using locally identified strategies to assess the impact on risk-adjusted mortality. Comparison of case mix-adjusted 30-day mortality rates before and after care-bundle implementation was made using risk-adjusted cumulative sum (CUSUM) plots and a logistic regression model.

Results
Risk-adjusted CUSUM plots showed an increase in the numbers of lives saved per 100 patients treated in all hospitals, from 6·47 in the baseline interval (299 patients included) to 12·44 after implementation (427 patients included) (P &lt; 0·001). The overall case mix-adjusted risk of death decreased from 15·6 to 9·6 per cent (risk ratio 0·614, 95 per cent c.i. 0·451 to 0·836; P = 0·002). There was an increase in the uptake of the ELPQuiC processes but no significant difference in the patient case-mix profile as determined by the mean Portsmouth Physiological and Operative Severity Score for the enUmeration of Mortality and morbidity risk (0·197 and 0·223 before and after implementation respectively; P = 0·395).

Conclusion
Use of the ELPQuiC bundle was associated with a significant reduction in the risk of death following emergency laparotomy.