bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating a prediction model for infant hearing loss
Authors: Lieu Judith E. C. , Ratnaraj Felicia , Ead Banan 
Published: April 2013

Objectives/HypothesisThe objective of this study was to determine whether a prognostic model using risk factors for hearing loss could predict the chance that infants who failed a newborn hearing screen would subsequently be found to have hearing loss diagnosed by auditory brainstem response testing.Study DesignIndividual retrospective case‐control study.MethodsWe studied 229 infants with hearing loss compared with 458 infants with normal hearing. All infants had undergone natural sleep or sedated auditory brainstem response, predominantly for not passing a newborn hearing screen. Risk factors, birth history, and other information were extracted via medical record review. Multiple logistic regression analyses identified independent predictors of hearing loss.ResultsFour risk factors were independently predictive of hearing loss diagnosed by sleep or sedated auditory brainstem response: prematurity, 5‐minute APGAR score ≤ 6, intracranial complication, and craniofacial abnormality. A prognostic model developed from these risk factors was associated with a 15% rate of hearing loss in stage I, 52% rate of hearing loss in stage II, and 96% rate of hearing loss in stage III.ConclusionsThe presence of any one of four independently predictive risk factors in infants who did not pass newborn hearing screen was associated with a 50% rate of hearing loss; having three or more was associated with a 90% rate of hearing loss. Knowing that an infant is at high risk of hearing loss can motivate parents to follow up with diagnostic auditory brainstem response testing so that early identification can lead to early intervention.Level of Evidence2b. Laryngoscope, 123:2873–2879, 2013
Neue gastfreundliche Wirtmoleküle
Authors: Meier Herbert , Cao Derong 
Published: April 2013

AbstractCalixarene und Co. bekommen Gesellschaft von den Pillararenen, makrozyklischen Oligomeren aus 1,4‐Phenylen‐methylen‐Bausteinen. In ihren starren Hohlräumen finden ganz unterschiedliche Verbindungen Platz.
Unternehmensübergreifende Steuerung von Prozessen
Authors: Gerber Tobias , Webel Christian 
Published: April 2013

AbstractZu Unternehmenssoftware gehören Systeme, die technische Prozesse innerhalb eines Unternehmens steuern, aber auch Anwendungen, welche die gesamte Wertschöpfungskette abbilden. Dafür sind Informations‐ und eingebettete Systeme zu integrieren — innerhalb eines Unternehmens und zwischen verschiedenen Unternehmen.
Chemiekompetenzen von Schülern messen
Authors: Walpuski Maik , Sumfleth Elke 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWenn aktuell die Leistung von Schülerinnen und Schülern im Fach Chemie untersucht wird, so sprechen Bildungsforscher, Bildungspolitiker und die Medien in der Regel nicht von Wissenstests, sondern von Kompetenztests. Dabei stellt sich die Frage, ob eine Kompetenz mehr oder weniger als Wissen ist, etwas gänzlich Neues oder nur ein neues Wort für etwas, was man schon immer kannte.
The power method for tensor eigenproblems and limiting directions of Newton iterates
Authors: Dupont Todd F. , Ridgway Scott L. 
Published: April 2013

SUMMARYWe study the angular orientations of convergent iterates generated by Newton's method in multiple space dimensions. We show that the Newton iteration can be interpreted as a fixed‐point algorithm for solving a tensor eigenproblem. We give an extensive computational analysis of this tensor eigenproblem in two dimensions. In a large fraction of cases, the tensor eigenproblem has a discrete number of solutions to which the Newton directions converge quickly, but there is also a large fraction of cases in which the behavior is more complicated. We contrast the angular orientations of iterates generated by Newton's method with the corresponding directions of the continuous Newton algorithm. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polydienes possessing terminal ionic groups. Part 2. Preparation of polydienes with terminal borate groups
Authors: Morrell Richard K. , Service David M. , Stewart Malcolm J. , Viguier Michel , Richards David H. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractMethods are described by which various organolithium species are reacted with triphenylborane to generate materials possessing borate functionality. Comparison is made between experiments involving simple alkyllithium compounds, and those involving living anionic polybutadienes. Evidence is presented to show that using living polybutadienes at temperatures below 0°C, the reaction proceeds with very high efficiency, and that overall conversion to borate‐functionalised polymer is virtually quantitative.
Synthesis and characterisation of mercury‐terminated polymers: Applications to diblock copolymer formation via anionic‐radical transformations
Authors: Lindsell W. Edward , Service David M. , Soutar Ian , Richards Late David H. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractReactions in tetrahydrofuran (THF) of anionically produced polystyryllithium (PsLi) with excess mercury(II) compounds, HgX2 (X = Cl, Br, OAc), or PhHgCl form mercury‐terminated polymers, PsHgX (X = Cl, Br, OAc or Ph, respectively), which have been characterised by g.p.c. and by elemental analyses using neutron activation. Similar reactions of PsLi with half‐molar quantities of HgX2 yield no mercury‐containing products, such as Hg(Ps)2, and produce only coupled homopolystyrene, Ps‐Ps, accompanied by PsX and PsH. Also, PsLi and HgI2, in various reactant ratios, produce only Ps2 and PsI. Reactions of PsHgX (X = Cl or Br) with PsLi, n BuLi and HgX2 are reported.Thermolysis of PsHgX (X = Cl or Br) in the presence of methyl methacrylate (MMA) at temperatures ≥90°C afford block copolymers Ps‐PMMA via homolytic cleavage of Ps‐Hg bonds and radical propagation. Homolytic cleavage of Ps‐Hg by oxidation with CuBr2 or by reaction with HgBr2 in the presence of MMA also forms diblock copolymer. G.p.c. and other studies on the diblock copolymers are reported.
Microstructure and mechanism of formation of the ring‐opened polymers of anti‐7‐ethylbicycio[2.2.1]hept‐2‐ene initiated with metathesis catalysts
Authors: Greene Ruth M. E. , Ivin Kenneth J. , Milligan Brian D. , Rooney John J. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA 52:48 mixture of syn‐ and anti‐7‐ethylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept‐2‐ene was submitted to polymerization by five metathesis catalysts: RuCl3. 3H20, IrCl3.3H2O, (mes)W(CO)3/EtAlCl2/norbornene epoxide, WCl6/Me4Sn, and ReCl5. Only the anti isomer undergoes ring‐opening polymerization, from which it is concluded that propagation occurs by attack on the exo face. The fraction of cis double bonds and tacticities were determined from 13C n.m.r. spectra of the polymers and their hydrogenated products. For the unsaturated polymers these were respectively: 0 00 atactic, 0 21 atactic, 0 43 tactic (c/r, t/m), 059 atactic, 1 00 syndiotactic. The atactic polymers all show a bias towards m dyads for both cis and trans double bonds. This indicates an influence of the configuration of the polymer chain attached to the propagating metal‐carbene complex on the stereochemistry of addition of monomer.
Preparation of copolymers through cationic grafting. 6. Investigation of the mechanisms of transfer reactions in the polymerisation of α‐methylstyrene
Authors: Taxi Mohammed , Tardi Michel , Polton Alain , Sigwalt Pierre 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe mechanisms of transfer reactions in the polymerisation of α‐methylstyrene initiated with AlEt2Cl from — 70°C to — 30°C have been investigated using cationic grafting on a poly(isobutylene‐co‐chloromethylstyrene). Besides the bimolecular transfer to the monomer, evidence has been found for the occurrence of a kinetically unimolecular transfer reaction, which may be attributed to transfer to the counter ion but might also result from transfer to the solvent. Transfer is not important at — 70°C and — 50°C. From the variation with conversion of the molar concentration of homopolymer chains (formed by transfer), transfer constants could be estimated (for transfer to monomer ktrM/kp = 10‐5 at −70°C and 10‐4 at −50°C; for unimolecular transfer ktrkp = 5 × 10‐5 mol litre−1 at −70°C and 4 × 10‐4mol litre−1 at −50°C). At both temperatures, initiation is not instantaneous but takes place throughout the polymerisation. At — 30°C, initiation seems to be rapid and quantitative, all the chloromethyl groups are modified and transfer becomes preponderant.
Differential scanning calorimetric investigation of curing of resins formed from furfural and various phenols
Authors: Arora Pravin B. , Patel Vithal S. , Patel Shanti R. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractCuring reactions of adequately characterized phenol‐furfural, o‐chlorophenol‐furfural, P‐chlorophenol‐furfural and p‐tert‐butyl phenol‐furfural resins with hexamine were studied by differential scanning calorimetry. The data are analyzed by appropriate empirical relations with a view to examining their applicability to the present sets of data and to estimating kinetic parameters of the curing reactions.
Non‐ionic polystyrene latices in aqueous media
Authors: Ottewill Ronald H. , Satgurunathan Rajasingham , Waite Frederick A. , Westby Margaret J. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractColloidally stable non‐ionic polystyrene latices were prepared in aqueous media, with a narrow distribution of particle sizes, using a nonyl phenol polyethylene glycol condensate as the surface‐active agent, methoxy polyethylene glycol methacrylate as the comonomer‐stabiliser and ascorbic acid‐hydrogen peroxide as the initiator system. For comparison, a typical charge‐stabilised polystyrene latex was also prepared using an anionic surface‐active agent and potassium persulphate as the initiator. These latices were characterised using transmission electron microscopy, conductometric titration and microelectrophoresis. The stability of the latices to the addition of electrolyte was examined and also the stability to freeze‐thaw conditions. The glass transition temperatures of the latices were also determined.
Interfacial reactions in carbon—epoxy composites
Authors: Garton Andrew , Stevenson William T. K. , Wang Shiping 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA series of models for the carbon‐epoxy interphase are developed comprising high surface area carbon blacks, crushed carbon fibres and chopped carbon fibres dispersed in epoxy matrices. The carbon surfaces are modified by oxidative or reducing treatments and the effects of the modified carbon surfaces on the epoxy cross‐linking processes are examined by differential scanning calorimetry and infrared spectroscopy. Oxidised carbon surfaces retard the cure of anhydride‐epoxy systems by adsorption of the tertiary amine catalyst. Oxidised carbon surfaces initially accelerate epoxy‐amine reactions but inhibit the later stages of the reaction such that the final level of cure is reduced. These modifications to the chemistry of the interfacial region influence the properties of carbon‐epoxy composites.
Structural characterization of Staphylococcus aureus biotin protein ligase and interaction partners: An antibiotic target
Authors: Pendini Nicole R. , Yap Min Y. , Polyak Steven W. , Cowieson Nathan P. , Abell Andrew , Booker Grant W. , Wallace John C. , Wilce Jacqueline A. , Wilce Matthew C. J. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe essential metabolic enzyme biotin protein ligase (BPL) is a potential target for the development of new antibiotics required to combat drug‐resistant pathogens. Staphylococcus aureus BPL (SaBPL) is a bifunctional protein, possessing both biotin ligase and transcription repressor activities. This positions BPL as a key regulator of several important metabolic pathways. Here, we report the structural analysis of both holo‐ and apo‐forms of SaBPL using X‐ray crystallography. We also present small‐angle X‐ray scattering data of SaBPL in complex with its biotin‐carboxyl carrier protein substrate as well as the SaBPL:DNA complex that underlies repression. This has revealed the molecular basis of ligand (biotinyl‐5′‐AMP) binding and conformational changes associated with catalysis and repressor function. These data provide new information to better understand the bifunctional activities of SaBPL and to inform future strategies for antibiotic discovery.
Ab initio study of the effects of pressure and strain on electron–phonon coupling in IV and III–V semiconductors
Authors: Sjakste Jelena , Vast Nathalie , Jani Hariom , Obukhov Sergey , Tyuterev Valeriy 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn this work, we examine the pressure and biaxial tensile strain dependence of the intervalley electron–phonon matrix elements in the lowest conduction band of GaAs, GaP, Si and Ge within the density functional perturbation theory. We study both individual transitions and average deformation potential values which can be used as parameters in transport simulations. In the case of a hydrostatic pressure, we draw the general conclusion that the hydrostatic pressure dependence of the intervalley electron–phonon matrix elements can be safely neglected in the interpretation of most commonly studied phenomena. In contrast, the case of a biaxial strain in silicon shows that strain‐dependence should be taken into account in calculations of the intervalley electron–phonon matrix elements.
Investigations of carrier scattering into L‐valley in λ = 3.5 µm InGaAs/AlAs(Sb) quantum cascade lasers using high hydrostatic pressure
Authors: Aldukhayel A. , Jin S. R. , Marko I. P. , Zhang S. Y. , Revin D. G. , Cockburn J. W. , Sweeney S. J. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn order to identify the performance limitations of InGaAs/AlAs(Sb) quantum cascade lasers, experimental investigations of the temperature and pressure dependencies of the threshold current (Ith) were undertaken. Using the theoretical optical phonon current (Iph) and carrier leakage (Ileak) to fit the measured threshold current at various pressures, we show that the electron scattering from the top lasing level to the upper L‐minima gives rise to the increase in Ith with pressure and temperature. It was found that this carrier leakage path accounts for approximately 3% of Ith at RT and is negligible at 100 K.
Free energy loss analysis of heterojunction solar cells
Authors: Brinkmann Nils , Micard Gabriel , Schiele Yvonne , Hahn Giso , Terheiden Barbara 
Published: April 2013

AbstractFor the first time we present a free energy loss analysis (FELA) of heterojunction silicon solar cells (HSSC) to study the influence of the intrinsic buffer layer thickness (tbuffer) on the solar cell efficiency (η). The main advantage of the FELA is that the impact of various loss mechanisms can be directly expressed in absolute percentage of η. Furthermore, it is possible to extract the magnitude of every loss for each region of the solar cell. All quantities required to perform the FELA are obtained by the simulation software AFORS‐HET. The FELA yields an optimum efficiency of 21.24% for tbuffer ≈ 5 nm. The efficiency drop for tbuffer £ 5 nm is ascribed to a lower maximum usable generated power ΦG(22.84% @ 2 nm, 23.98% @ 5 nm). Lower efficiencies for tbuffer ³ 5 nm are attributed to the increased transport loss of holes in the intrinsic buffer layer (0.05% @ 2 nm, 0.65% 8 nm). The η values yielded by the FELA are in agreement with the ones calculated by AFORS‐HET, demonstrating the applicability of the FELA to the HSSC concept. Therewith, we demonstrate that the FELA can be employed to obtain a deeper understanding of the HSSC concept. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Pérez Art Museum Miami: Hurrikan‐resistente Verglasungen
Authors: Teich Martien , Oppe Matthias , Jungjohann Hauke , Helbig Thorsten , Schmid Heiko 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn Miami, Florida entsteht zur Zeit das Pérez Art Museum Miami nach Plänen von Herzog & de Meuron. Miami liegt in einer durch Hurrikans gefährdeten Zone mit hohen Windlasten. Entsprechend groß sind die Anforderungen an die von seele und Knippers Helbig entwickelte gläserne Außenhülle des Gebäudes. Eine Besonderheit sind die vertikalen Fassadenpfosten aus ultrahochfestem Faserbeton (UHPC). Die Verglasung wird mittels in den Beton eingegossener Edelstahlschienen an den Pfosten angebunden. Aufgrund der Hurrikangefährdung sind die Scheiben mit jeweils zwei laminierten Doppelverglasungen ausgeführt. Bislang wurden Scheiben dieser Größe (max. 5200 × 2300 mm) in einer Zone mit derart hohen Windlasten noch nicht ausgeführt. In einem mehrstufigen Hurrikantest stellen alle Elemente der Fassade ihre Widerstandsfähigkeit unter Beweis.Pérez Art Museum Miami: hurricane resistant glazing. The Pérez Art Museum Miami currently under construction in Miami, Florida is designed by Herzog & de Meuron. The vertical glass facades have been designed in close collaboration between seele and Knippers Helbig, fabricated and installed by seele. Miami is well known to be located in a region with high wind loads and risk of hurricanes, requiring compliance to demanding hurricane resistant specifications for the glass façades. Up until now, the large glass units that are planned ‐ up to approx. 5.20 m high and 2.30 m wide ‐ have not been used in this hurricane prone region. All the elements of the façade must prove their robustness in hurricane tests. The panes of glass are fixed to stainless steel rails cast into the ultra‐high performance concrete (UHPC) mullions. The joint is either concealed by narrow pressure plates or a toggle‐system is used to fix the glass panels to the mullions. Owing to the threat of hurricanes, each pane consists of two double‐glazing units with a reinforcing interlayer in between. Here, a demanding owner and even more demanding architects, with the help of seele and Knippers Helbig, are pushing material limits.
Begehbare und befahrbare Verglasungen
Authors: Siebert Barbara , Pistora Arthur 
Published: April 2013

AbstractPlanmäßig begehbare Verglasungen sind in der aktuellen Architektur sehr verbreitet. In einigen Fällen sollen diese Verglasungen auch für das Befahren mit Fahrzeugen ausgelegt werden. In Deutschland können begehbare Verglasungen entsprechend der TRLV und zweier allgemeiner bauaufsichtlicher Zulassungen ausgeführt werden. Mit der Veröffentlichung des Entwurfes der DIN 18008‐5:2011‐10 gibt es nun auch eine neue Bemessungsgrundlage beruhend auf Teilsicherheitsbeiwerten. In dieser noch nicht baurechtlich eingeführten Norm werden Glasaufbauten mit bereits nachgewiesener Stoßsicherheit und Resttragsicherheit angegeben. In dieser Veröffentlichung wird gezeigt, wie begehbare und befahrbare Verglasungen nach den noch geltenden TRLV und nach der zukünftigen Normenreihe DIN 18008 bemessen werden können.Glazing accessible for persons and vehicles. In the today architecture glazing accessible for persons are very popular. In some cases the glazing must be accessible for cars and even trucks. In Germany, glazings accessible for persons can be build according to the TRLV or according to two general building approvals. Other accessible glazings need a special building permit from the building authorities. This paper shows the static calculation for accessible glazing according to the current building regulation TRLV and for the new regulation DIN 18008‐5.
Verfahrenskonzept zur Überwachung von Klebverbindungen im Glasbau
Authors: Thiede Holger , Kahlmeyer Martin , Böhm Stefan 
Published: April 2013

AbstractDie Klebtechnik ist seit vielen Jahren ein etabliertes Fügeverfahren. Jedoch unterliegen die Klebverbindungen Alterungsprozessen, die insbesondere im Bereich des Glas‐ und Stahlbaus, wo eine hohe Sicherheitsrelevanz vorausgesetzt wird, eine adäquate Überwachung und Kontrolle unerlässlich machen. In diesem Beitrag wird daher ein Konzept für ein neues Verfahren vorgestellt, bei dem eine Schädigung vor dem Versagen durch den Einsatz mikroverkapselter Zusatzstoffe angezeigt werden kann. Die Zusatzstoffe, die sowohl Duft‐ als auch Farbstoffe sein können, werden verkapselt in die Klebstoffe eingebracht. Bei Schädigung oder Überlast der Fügeverbindung werden die Kapseln zerstört und somit die Zusatzstoffe freigesetzt. Die ausgetretenen Stoffe können mittels geeigneter Messsysteme nachgewiesen und so eine beginnende Schädigung der Fügeverbindung frühzeitig angezeigt werden. Der Beitrag zeigt die Ergebnisse von Vorversuchen einer ersten Machbarkeitsuntersuchung.Method for monitoring of adhesive bonds in glass constructions. For many years the bonding technology has been an established joining technology. Unfortunately, these adhesive bonds are exposed to ageing processes, which make adequate surveillance and controls necessary. Especially in the field of glass or steel constructions, were demands on security are very high. In this article, we would like to introduce a concept of a new technology, which allows to detect damages in the joint before the joint collapses, using micro‐encapsulated additional substances. These additional substances, that can consist of either fragrant substances or dyestuffs, are formulated into the specific adhesive. If the bond is either damaged or overloaded, the micro‐capsules break and the substances are set free. Using the right techniques, these substances can then be detected and the damage in the joint can be identified at an early stage. The article shows results of a first feasibility study.
Projektbericht: Leichte Vorsatzschale aus geklebtem Acrylglas an der Vitra VSL Factory
Authors: Michel Matthias , Techen Holger 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAcrylglas ist in der industrialisierten Welt allgegenwärtig, als Baumaterial ist es Architekten, Fassadenplanern und Ingenieuren dennoch fremd. Die Autoren konnten in den Jahren des digitalen Aufbruchs immer wieder unkonventionelle Glas‐ und Acrylglas‐Projekte auf der Ingenieurseite betreuen. Dieser Aufsatz soll anhand des jüngsten Projektes, der Fassade an der Vitra VSL Factory von SANAA Architekten aufzeigen, welche Potenziale das Material insbesondere im Zusammenwirken mit einer innovativen Klebetechnik hat.Project report: lightweight bonded Acrylic facing at the Vitra VSL Factory. In the industrialized world, acrylic glass is omnipresent, however as material for building components it is rarely known by architects and engineers. During the years of the digital revolution, the authors could gather experience in engineering of numerous free form glass and acrylic facades and envelopes. By presentation of their work for the most recent project, the Vitra VSL Factory façade by SANAA Architects, the authors show the potential as well as the constraints of the work with silicone‐bonded acrylic glass.
Sonnenschutz im Scheibenzwischenraum
Authors: Fahrion Marc‐Steffen , Dörr Waldemar , Stiglauer Werner , Reich Stefan 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIm Zuge des Klimawandels wird die Bedeutung des sommerlichen Wärmeschutzes weiter zunehmen. Um die Behaglichkeit im Sommer mit geringem Energiebedarf sicherstellen zu können, sind wirkungsvolle Sonnenschutzsysteme von zentraler Bedeutung. Hierbei kann den Sonnenschutzsystemen im Scheibenzwischenraum wegen der witterungsunabhängigen Betriebsweise und der Möglichkeit zur Automation eine wichtige Rolle zufallen. Der aktuelle Stand der Technik und die Grenzen der Systeme werden vorgestellt. Zudem werden Planungsempfehlungen aus der langjährigen praktischen Erfahrung gegeben. Ein umgesetztes Projekt, das die Möglichkeiten der Anwendung im denkmalgeschützten Bereich aufzeigt, rundet die Betrachtung ab.Insulating glazing units with integral blinds. In the context of climate change the importance of protection against summer overheating is going to rise. To ensure comfortable internal conditions with little energy demand effective sun protection is essential. Integral blinds can be operated regardless of the weather conditions and they can be automatized. The state of the art and the limitations of the systems are presented. Based on practical experience planning recommendations are formulated. The application to a listed building is explained.