bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Highly Active and Magnetically Recoverable Tris(triazolyl)–CuI Catalyst for Alkyne–Azide Cycloaddition Reactions
Authors: Wang Dong , Etienne Laetitia , Echeverria María , Moya Sergio , Astruc Didier 
Published: February 2014

AbstractNanoparticle‐supported tris(triazolyl)–CuBr, with a diameter of approximately 25 nm measured by TEM spectroscopy, has been easily prepared, and its catalytic activity was evaluated in the copper‐catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction. In initial experiments, 0.5 mol % loading successfully promoted the CuAAC reaction between benzyl azide and phenylacetylene, in water at room temperature (25 °C). During this process, the iron oxide nanoparticle‐supported tris(triazolyl)–CuBr displayed good monodispersity, excellent recoverability, and outstanding reusability. Indeed, it was simply collected and separated from the reaction medium by using an external magnet, then used for another five catalytic cycles without significant loss of catalytic activity. Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) analysis for the first cycle revealed that the amount of copper leached from the catalyst into the reaction medium is negligible (1.5 ppm). The substrate scope has been examined, and it was found that the procedure can be successfully extended to various organic azides and alkynes and can also be applied to the one‐pot synthesis of triazoles, through a cascade reaction involving benzyl bromides, alkynes, and sodium azide. In addition, the catalyst was shown to be an efficient CuAAC catalyst for the synthesis of allyl‐ and TEG‐ended (TEG=triethylene glycol) 27‐branch dendrimers.
Investigations to Increase Cleaning Efficiency with Pulsed Liquid Jet
Authors: Stoye Hannes , Köhler Hannes , Mauermann Marc , Majschak Jens‐Peter 
Published: February 2014

AbstractDie Reduzierung des Ressourcenaufwandes für Reinigungen in der Lebensmittelproduktion ist ökonomisch und ökologisch sinnvoll. Deshalb wird hier durch die Identifikation relevanter Verfahrensparameter das Potenzial der pulsierenden Spritzreinigung zur Steigerung der zeitbezogenen Reinigungseffizienz aufgezeigt. Der Einfluss der Frequenz sowie der relativen Einschaltdauer bei variiertem Volumenstrom wurde untersucht und ein signifikanter Einfluss der relativen Einschaltdauer nachgewiesen. Mit geeigneten Pulsationsparametern sind erhebliche Einsparungen von Reinigungsflüssigkeit möglich.
Enrichment of stearidonic acid from echium oil via a two‐step lipase‐catalyzed esterification
Authors: Baik Ji Yeon , No Da Som , Oh Se‐Wook , Kim In‐Hwan 
Published: February 2014

Stearidonic acid (SDA) from echium oil was enriched substantially by a two‐step lipase‐catalyzed esterification using Lipase OF from Candida rugosa and Lipozyme RM IM from Rhizomucor miehei. During the first step, SDA was enriched in the fatty acid fraction via C. rugosa lipase‐catalyzed esterification with lauryl alcohol. The optimum reaction conditions of water content, temperature, and enzyme loading were 0.25%, 30°C, and 2%, respectively, in terms of the content and yield of SDA. Under these conditions, SDA content was increased to 39.3 from 14.3% of the starting material. To further elevate SDA content, Lipozyme RM IM‐catalyzed esterification was then conducted using the SDA enriched fatty acid from the first step and a maximum SDA content of 54.1% was obtained. Using this two‐step lipase‐catalyzed esterification, SDA content increased fourfold from 14.3 to 54.1% with a 74.8% yield. γ‐Linolenic acid (GLA) was also enriched together with SDA.Practical applications: SDA, which is one of ω‐3 fatty acids, is considered as a source of health beneficial polyunsaturated fatty acids for vegetarians. SDA enrichment obtained in this study leads also to a high level of GLA. Therefore, this enrichment can be applied to produce a novel structured lipid containing a significant amount of SDA and GLA.
Ovary and egg fatty acid composition of greater amberjack broodstock (Seriola dumerili) fed different dietary fatty acids profiles
Authors: Rodríguez‐Barreto Deiene , Jerez Salvador , Cejas Juana R. , Martin M. Virginia , Acosta Nieves G. , Bolaños Ana , Lorenzo Antonio 
Published: February 2014

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of an experimental diet (ED), with high levels of 18:1 n‐9 and low eicosapentaenoic to arachidonic acid ratio (EPA/AA), on the fatty acid (FA) profile of ovary and eggs of Seriola dumerili broodstock, in contrast to a non‐specific commercial diet (nsCD), taking wild fish lipid composition as a positive reference. Two groups of Seriola broodstock born in captivity were fed with either the ED or the nsCD during two consecutive spawning seasons (21 months). After 7 months of feeding, fish fed the ED displayed an ovary FA profile much closer to wild fish. During the second spawning season, only the group fed ED released eggs. Egg FA composition showed some minor changes throughout the spawning season, with a marginal reduction of EPA in the late season being the most striking variation. Overall, the use of the ED showed some positive results, which could favor spontaneous egg release from females born in captivity. However, the lack of fertilization and the high level of 18:2 n‐6 in the ovary tissue and eggs indicate that further improvements are needed in S. dumerili broodstock diet formulation in order to enhance the reproductive performance of this species in captivity.Practical applications: The use of the ED resulted in an ovary fatty acid profile of cultured females that better resembles that of wild fish. Using broodstock diets with balanced EPA/AA ratios (close to wild fish) may have a positive effect on fish broodstock reproductive performance, at least for this species.
One‐Pot Synthesis of 2‐Imino‐4‐(trifluoromethyl)thiazolidin‐4‐ol Derivatives in a Three‐Component Reaction: Application to Structurally Diverse Scaffolds of Biological Interest Through Subsequent Reactions
Authors: Dalmal Tulshiram , Appalanaidu K. , Kosurkar Umesh B. , Jagadeesh Babu N. , Kumbhare Ravindra M. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractA highly efficient method for the synthesis of 2‐imino‐4‐(trifluoromethyl)thiazolidin‐4‐ol derivatives has been achieved by the one‐pot, three‐component reactions of primary amines, aryl isothiocyanates, and 3‐bromo‐1,1,1‐trifluoropropanone. The reactions go via symmetrical and unsymmetrical thiourea intermediates. Subsequent reactions of the products allow the synthesis of various scaffolds, including isoxazoles, triazoles, and propargylamine derivatives.
Structural Prerequisites for Receptor Binding of Helicokinin I, a Diuretic Insect Neuropeptide from Helicoverpa zea
Authors: Van Chien Tran , Zdobinsky Tino , Seebohm Guiscard , Nennstiel Dirk , Zerbe Oliver , Scherkenbeck Jürgen 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIn insects essential physiological processes such as muscle activity or water balance are controlled by neuropeptides. However, owing to their metabolic instability and adverse physicochemical properties peptides are unsuited as crop protection agents. Helicokinin I, a diuretic neuropeptide of cotton pest Helicoverpa zea represents a most promising target for the design of neuropeptide mimetics. Several helicokinin analogues containing scaffolds with varying rigidity and different orientations of the N‐ and C‐terminal peptide chains were synthesized and tested for receptor binding. Additional conformational analyses by NMR spectroscopy in a membrane‐mimicking environment together with MD simulations provide a deeper insight into the structural requirements for receptor binding and explain the remarkable activity of a macrocyclic helicokinin I derivative.
Facile Synthesis of AuPd Nanochain Networks on Carbon Supports and Their Application as Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Cha Areum , Shim Jun Ho , Jo Ara , Lee Sang Cheol , Lee Youngmi , Lee Chongmok 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe present work reports the facile synthesis and characterization of carbon‐supported porous Pd shell coated Au nanochain networks (AuPdNNs/C). By using Co nanoframes as sacrificial templates, AuPdNNs/C series have been prepared by a two‐step galvanic replacement reaction (GRR) technique. In the first step, the Au metal precursor, HAuCl4, reacts spontaneously with the formed Co nanoframes through the GRR, resulting in Au nanochain networks (AuNNs). The second GRR is performed with various concentrations of Pd precursor (0.1, 1, and 10 mM PdCl2), resulting in AuPdNNs/C. The synthesized AuPdNNs/C series are investigated as electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline solution. The physical properties of the AuPdNNs/C catalysts are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), UV‐vis absorption spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry (CV). Rotating disk electrode (RDE) voltammetric studies show that the Au0.8Pd0.2NNs/C (prepared using 1 mM PdCl2) has the highest ORR activity among all the AuPdNNs/C series, which is comparable to commercial Pt catalyst (E‐TEK). The ORR activity of AuPdNNs/C is presumably due to the enhanced Pd surface area and high porosity of Pd nanoshells.
Lithium‐Ion Battery Performance of (001)‐Faceted TiO2 Nanosheets vs. Spherical TiO2 Nanoparticles
Authors: Wang Zhihui , Zhang Yuliang , Xia Ting , Murowchick James , Liu Gao , Chen Xiaobo 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe influence of surface morphology on the lithium‐ion battery performance of TiO2, a safer anode material than graphite, has been investigated. We demonstrate that (001)‐faceted TiO2 nanosheets display better electrochemical energy storage performance, higher charge/discharge rates, larger capacity, and improved stability over spherical TiO2 nanoparticles. The improvement is attributed to the smaller charge diffusion resistance in the TiO2 nanosheets as a result of increased lithium‐ion insertion/extraction along the c‐axis during the charge/discharge process for the (001)‐faceted TiO2 nanosheets in comparison to spherical TiO2 nanoparticles.
Toward General Rules for the Design of Battery Electrodes Based on Titanium Oxides and Free of Conductive Additives
Authors: Alexander Caleb T. , Kim Chunjoong , Yaylian Riley , Cabana Jordi 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe functionality of several titanium oxides as active materials in electrodes free of any conductive additive was evaluated and rationalized. Correlations were established between the phase transformation during lithiation and both utilization and durability. Ramsdellite‐type Li2Ti3O7 was found to perform well, enabled by the small, isotropic volume change that accompanies lithium intercalation. In contrast, the anatase and rutile polymorphs of TiO2 suffered losses, to different extents. Rutile could be fully lithiated, which resulted in a significant reduction of crystallinity. Changes in the voltage profile suggest that an amorphous fraction existed that was mainly responsible for a very stable activity upon subsequent cycling. In contrast, anatase electrodes could not be fully lithiated, probably due to kinetic limitations imposed by the transformation, and underwent severe decay upon cycling. Both utilization and stability could be improved to some extent by mixing this phase with Li4Ti5O12, which could provide a mechanically stable scaffold during operation. Our work identifies rules and suggests pathways for the design of high‐energy‐density electrodes based on these phases through the elimination of additives such as high‐surface‐area carbons.
Improved Luby transform codes in low overhead regions for binary erasure channels
Authors: Fei Zesong , Cao Congzhe , Xiao Ming , Hussain Iqbal , Kuang Jingming 
Published: February 2014

AbstractWe study improved degree distribution for Luby transform (LT) codes, which exhibits improved bit error rates particularly in low overhead regions. We construct the degree distribution by modifying robust soliton distribution. The performance of our proposed LT codes is evaluated and compared with the conventional LT codes via And‐Or tree analysis. Then we propose a transmission scheme based on our proposed degree distribution to improve the frame error rate in full recovery regions. Furthermore, the improved degree distribution is applied to distributed multi‐source relay networks and unequal error protection. It is shown that our schemes achieve better performance and reduced complexity especially in low overhead regions, compared with conventional schemes.Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An ignition criterion for combustible solids integrating surface temperature and heating rate
Authors: Tian Ning , Zhou Aixi 
Published: February 2014

SummarySurface ignition temperature has been widely used as an ignition criterion for the piloted ignition of common combustible solids. However, experimental observations have shown that the surface temperature of a solid at ignition varies with external heat flux. In addition, if the external heat flux is smaller than the critical heat flux for ignition, the solid will not ignite while the actual surface temperature may be higher than the defined surface ignition temperature. To overcome these limitations and maintain the simplicity of the surface ignition temperature criterion, a new ignition criterion integrating heating rate and surface temperature is proposed, developed, and validated. Predictions based on the new criterion compare well with experimental results on piloted ignition of a thermoplastic material (black PMMA), a thermoset composite material (E‐glass fiber reinforced polyester composite) and a cellulosic material (Red Oak) subjected to different heat flux levels. Potential factors affecting the accuracy and predictive capability of the new heating rate‐related ignition temperature criterion are discussed. The method and associated procedures to construct the heating rate‐related temperature ignition criterion can be used to obtain the same ignition criterion for other combustible solids. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stabilized finite‐element computation of compressible flow with linear and quadratic interpolation functions
Authors: Kotteda V. M. Krushnarao , Mittal Sanjay 
Published: February 2014

SUMMARYThe unsteady compressible flow equations are solved using a stabilized finite‐element formulation with C0 elements. In 2D, the performance of three‐noded linear and six‐noded quadratic triangular elements is compared. In 3D, the relative performance is evaluated for 6‐noded linear and 18‐noded quadratic wedge elements. Results are compared for the solutions to Euler, laminar, and turbulent flows at different Mach numbers for several flow problems. The finite‐element meshes considered for comparison have same location of nodes for the linear and quadratic interpolations. For the turbulent flow, the Spalart–Allmaras model is used for closure. It is found that the quadratic elements yield better performance than the linear elements. This is attributed to accurate representation of the stabilization terms that involve second‐order derivatives in the formulation. When these terms are dropped from the formulation with quadratic interpolation, the numerical results are similar to those obtained with linear interpolation. The absence of these terms result in added numerical diffusion that seems to give the effect of a relatively reduced Reynolds number. For the same location of nodes, the computations with the linear triangular and wedge elements are approximately 20% and 100% faster than those with quadratic triangular and wedge elements, respectively. However, if the same quadrature rule for numerical integration is used for both interpolations, the computations with quadratic elements are approximately 20% and 45% faster in 2D and 3D, respectively. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biomimetic Thiyl Radical Chemistry by γ‐Irradiation of Micelles and Vesicles Containing Unsaturated Fatty Acids
Authors: Chatgilialoglu Chryssostomos , Ferreri Carla , Lykakis Ioannis N. , Mihaljević Branka 
Published: February 2014

AbstractDifferent types of lipid aggregations, such as micelles and liposomes, can be used as biomimetic models. The uses of γ‐irradiation as a valid methodology for simulating the biological generation of thiyl radicals in these models are summarized and, in particular, thiyl radical catalyzed cistrans isomerization of unsaturated lipids is underlined. The efficiency of antioxidants against lipid isomerization assayed by biomimetic models and the importance of trans lipids as novel biomarkers of radical stress are also described.
c‐fos and c‐jun Expression in the Liver of Silver Carp and the Effect of Microcystins
Authors: Li Yuanyuan , Ma Junguo , Fang Qian , Li Xiaoyu 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTIn the present study, c‐fos and c‐jun cDNAs were cloned, and their phylogenetic trees were constructed. The results demonstrate that the full‐length c‐fos cDNA is 1719 bp and contains a 1059‐bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding 352 amino acids. The c‐jun cDNA is 1931 bp and contains a 927‐bp ORF encoding 308 amino acids. Moreover, constitutive expression of c‐fos and c‐jun was detected in all examined tissues of the silver carp using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction, and the liver showed the highest relative expression rate. In addition, we found that either 50 or 200 μg/kg crude microcystin exposure significantly promoted the transcription of c‐fos, c‐jun, and c‐myc in the silver carp liver, suggesting that c‐fos, c‐jun, and c‐myc may be involved in the hepatotoxicity of microcystins.
Cluster analysis applied to the spatial and temporal variability of monthly rainfall in Alagoas state, Northeast of Brazil
Authors: Lyra Gustavo B. , Oliveira‐Júnior José F. , Zeri Marcelo 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTRainfall over the northeast part of Brazil is highly influenced by several weather systems such as trade winds, the Intertropical Convergence Zone, Easterly Wave Disturbances, Bolivia High and Atlantic Sub‐tropical Anticyclone. The objectives of this work were to identify, using cluster analysis, spatial and temporal rainfall patterns for the northeastern Brazilian state of Alagoas, and to relate those patterns with the weather systems that occur over that region, which is the most populated area of semiarid climate in the world. The dataset consists of 30‐years long time series of rainfall from 36 stations located on the state. Hierarchical clustering using Ward's algorithm was used to classify the sites into five groups. The stations were grouped according to the distance to the coast and orography. Rainfall is not uniformly distributed in space and time in all regions, such as in two groups within the arid zone, where more than 60% of annual precipitation occurs in a period of 5 months (March to July). Rainfall was highest in the coastal regions and over areas of the state with high altitude, due to orographic rainfall. Overall, rainfall over the state of Alagoas is characterized by strong gradients from the coast to the continent and from north to south due to the physiography of the region and the influence of weather systems with different time scales.
Local ZnCl2 accelerates fracture healing
Authors: Wey Aaron , Cunningham Catherine , Hreha Jeremy , Breitbart Eric , Cottrell Jessica , Ippolito Joseph , Clark Devin , Lin Hsuan‐Ni , Benevenia Joseph , O'Connor J. Patrick , Lin Sheldon S. , Paglia David N. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTThis study evaluated the effect of local zinc chloride (ZnCl2), an insulin mimetic agent, upon the early and late parameters of fracture healing in rats using a standard femur fracture model. Mechanical testing, radiographic scoring, histomorphometry, qualitative histological scoring, PCNA immunohistochemistry, and local growth factor analysis were performed. Fractures treated with local ZnCl2 possessed significantly increased mechanical properties compared to controls at 4 weeks post fracture. The radiographic scoring analysis showed increased cortical bridging at 4 weeks in the 1.0 (p = 0.0015) and 3.0 (p < 0.0001) mg/kg ZnCl2 treated groups. Histomorphometry of the fracture callus at day 7 showed 177% increase (p = 0.036) in percent cartilage and 133% increase (p = 0.002) in percent mineralized tissue with local ZnCl2 treatment compared to controls. Qualitative histological scoring showed a 2.1× higher value at day 7 in the ZnCl2 treated group compared to control (p = 0.004). Cell proliferation and growth factors, VEGF and IGF‐I, within fracture calluses treated with local ZnCl2 were increased at day 7. The results suggest local administration of ZnCl2 increases cell proliferation, causing increased growth factor production which yields improved chondrogenesis and endochondral ossification. Ultimately, these events lead to accelerated fracture healing as early as 4 weeks post fracture. © 2014 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 32:834–841, 2014.
Changes in tibiofemoral forces due to variations in muscle activity during walking
Authors: DeMers Matthew S. , Pal Saikat , Delp Scott L. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTMuscles induce large forces in the tibiofemoral joint during walking and thereby influence the health of tissues like articular cartilage and menisci. It is possible to walk with a wide variety of muscle coordination patterns, but the effect of varied muscle coordination on tibiofemoral contact forces remains unclear. The goal of this study was to determine the effect of varied muscle coordination on tibiofemoral contact forces. We developed a musculoskeletal model of a subject walking with an instrumented knee implant. Using an optimization framework, we calculated the tibiofemoral forces resulting from muscle coordination that reproduced the subject's walking dynamics. We performed a large set of optimizations in which we systematically varied the coordination of muscles to determine the influence on tibiofemoral force. Model‐predicted tibiofemoral forces arising with minimum muscle activation matched in vivo forces measured during early stance, but were greater than in vivo forces during late stance. Peak tibiofemoral forces during late stance could be reduced by increasing the activation of the gluteus medius, uniarticular hip flexors, and soleus, and by decreasing the activation of the gastrocnemius and rectus femoris. These results suggest that retraining of muscle coordination could substantially reduce tibiofemoral forces during late stance. © 2014 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 32:769–776, 2014.
Prognostic implication of TSC1 and mTOR expression in gastric carcinoma
Authors: Byeon Sun‐ju , Han Nayoung , Choi Jiwoon , Kim Min A , Kim Woo Ho 
Published: February 2014

BackgroundGastric adenocarcinoma is the sixth most common and third most lethal cancer in the world. Except for HER2‐targeted therapy, targeted agents against specific molecules participating in gastric carcinogenesis, including those in the mechanistic target of rapamycin (serine/threonine kinase) (mTOR) pathway have not been proved to be effective. However, some studies have suggested that dysfunction of TSC1 may augment mTOR inhibitor activity.MethodsWe studied p‐mTOR and TSC1 status by immunohistochemical analysis of gastric carcinoma samples using a tissue microarray method and expression values adopted from The Cancer Genome Atlas.ResultsHigh p‐mTOR and low TSC1 expression status is associated with adverse clinicopathologic parameters. Patients with high p‐mTOR levels showed poor survival. Patients with low TSC1 levels showed unfavorable survival status in the overall patients group. The combination of p‐mTOR status and TSC1 status provided more strong survival information than using each parameter alone.ConclusionsIn gastric cancer, high p‐mTOR expression level is a statistically significant parameter in multivariate and Kaplan–Meier analyses (log‐rank test). In addition to p‐mTOR, TSC1 expression provided additional information to predict survival. We therefore suggest that evaluation of both p‐mTOR and TSC1 status may be helpful in clinical trials related to mTOR inhibitors. J. Surg. Oncol. 2014 109:812–817. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.