bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Location, Infarct Load, and 3-Month Outcomes of Delayed Cerebral Infarction After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Wong George Kwok Chu , Nung Ryan Chi Hang , Sitt Jacqueline Ching Man , Mok Vincent Chung Tong , Wong Adrian , Ho Faith Lok Yan , Poon Wai Sang , Wang Defeng , Abrigo Jill , Siu Deyond Yun Woon 
Published: September 2015

Background and Purpose—
Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage is a serious disease with high case fatality and morbidity. Delayed cerebral infarction (DCI) is an important surrogate marker. How location and infarct load affected outcomes was unclear. We aimed to assess the effects of load and location of DCI on outcomes of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage at 3 months.

Methods—
We prospectively enrolled patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage presenting to an academic neurosurgical unit in Hong Kong during a 3-year period. DCI was defined by new hypoattenuation on computed tomography at 4 to 6 weeks, which was not present in the postaneurysm-treatment computed tomography at 24 to 48 hours. DCI was assessed for location according to cerebral artery territories and load semiquantitatively. Cognitive and functional outcome assessments were carried out 3 months after ictus.

Results—
One hundred twenty-six patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage consented for this study. DCI occurred in 56 (44%) patients and was associated with poorer cognitive and functional outcomes (Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Mini-Mental State Examination, modified Rankin Scale, and Lawton Instrumental Activity of Daily Living) at 3 months. In patients with DCI, the presence of perforator zone infarct was associated with poorer cognitive and functional outcomes, and cortical middle cerebral artery infarct was associated with poorer modified Rankin Scale. After adjustment for age, admission World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies Grade and mode of aneurysm treatment, both middle cerebral artery cortical infarct load and perforator infarct load were independently associated with poor cognitive outcomes (Montreal Cognitive Assessment and Mini-Mental State Examination) and modified Rankin Scale.

Conclusions—
Middle cerebral artery cortical and perforator zone infarct loads are potential surrogate marker to assess the severity of delayed cerebral ischemia.
Reflux of Anterior Spinal Artery Predicts Recurrent Posterior Circulation Stroke in Bilateral Vertebral Artery Disease
Authors: Fukuda Hitoshi , Hayashi Kosuke , Handa Akira , Kurosaki Yoshitaka , Lo Benjamin , Yamagata Sen 
Published: September 2015

Backgrounds and Purpose—
Predictive value of reflux of anterior spinal artery for recurrent posterior circulation ischemia in bilateral vertebral arteries steno-occlusive disease was evaluated.

Methods—
We retrospectively reviewed 55 patients with symptomatic posterior circulation stroke caused by bilateral stenotic (>70%) lesions of the vertebral artery. We investigated any correlation of clinical and angiographic characteristics including collateral flow patterns, with recurrent stroke. Risk factors for poor 3-month functional outcome were also evaluated.

Results—

Recurrent posterior circulation stroke was observed in 15 (27.3%) patients. Multivariable analysis using Cox proportional hazards model showed anterior spinal artery reflux as a significant risk factor for stroke recurrence (adjusted hazard ratio, 19.3 [95% confidence interval, 5.35–69.9];
P
<0.001). Anterior spinal artery reflux was also correlated with poor functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale score, 3–6; adjusted odds ratio, 7.41 [95% confidence interval, 1.24–44.4];
P
=0.028).

Conclusions—
In patients with symptomatic bilateral vertebral artery occlusive disease, anterior spinal artery reflux predicted recurrent posterior circulation stroke and poor functional outcome.
Cornelius Nepos, Life of Hannibal
Authors: Mulligan Bret 
Published: September 2015

Trebia. Trasimene. Cannae. With three stunning victories, Hannibal humbled Rome and nearly shattered its empire. Even today Hannibal's brilliant, if ultimately unsuccessful, campaign against Rome during the Second Punic War (218-202 BC) make him one of history's most celebrated military leaders. This biography by Cornelius Nepos (c. 100-27 BC) sketches Hannibal's life from the time he began traveling with his father's army as a young boy, through his sixteen-year invasion of Italy and his tumultuous political career in Carthage, to his perilous exile and eventual suicide in the East.
As Rome completed its bloody transition from dysfunctional republic to stable monarchy, Nepos labored to complete an innovative and influential collection of concise biographies. Putting aside the detailed, chronological accounts of military campaigns and political machinations that characterized most writing about history, Nepos surveyed Roman and Greek history for distinguished men who excelled in a range of prestigious occupations. In the exploits and achievements of these illustrious men, Nepos hoped that his readers would find models for the honorable conduct of their own lives. Although most of Nepos' works have been lost, we are fortunate to have his biography of Hannibal. Nepos offers a surprisingly balanced portrayal of a man that most Roman authors vilified as the most monstrous foe that Rome had ever faced.
Nepos' straightforward style and his preference for common vocabulary make Life of Hannibal accessible for those who are just beginning to read continuous Latin prose, while the historical interest of the subject make it compelling for readers of every ability.
This book contains embedded audio files of the original text read aloud by Christopher Francese.
A Physically Based Subgrid Parameterization for the Production and Maintenance of Mixed-Phase Clouds in a General Circulation Model
Authors: Furtado K. , Field P. R. , Boutle I. A. , Morcrette C. J. , Wilkinson J. M. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
A physically based method for parameterizing the role of subgrid-scale turbulence in the production and maintenance of supercooled liquid water and mixed-phase clouds is presented. The approach used is to simplify the dynamics of supersaturation fluctuations to a stochastic differential equation that can be solved analytically, giving increments to the prognostic liquid cloud fraction and liquid water content fields in a general circulation model (GCM). Elsewhere, it has been demonstrated that the approach captures the properties of decameter-resolution large-eddy simulations of a turbulent mixed-phase environment. In this paper, it is shown that it can be implemented in a GCM, and the effects that this has on Southern Ocean biases and on Arctic stratus are investigated.
Hyperresolution Land Surface Modeling in the Context of SMAP Cal–Val
Authors: Garnaud Camille , Bélair Stéphane , Berg Aaron , Rowlandson Tracy 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
This study explores the performance of Environment Canada’s Surface Prediction System (SPS) in comparison to in situ observations from the Brightwater Creek soil moisture observation network with respect to soil moisture and soil temperature. To do so, SPS is run at hyperresolution (100 m) over a small domain in southern Saskatchewan (Canada) during the summer of 2014. It is shown that with initial conditions and surface condition forcings based on observations, SPS can simulate soil moisture and soil temperature evolution over time with high accuracy (mean bias of 0.01 m3 m−3 and −0.52°C, respectively). However, the modeled spatial variability is generally much weaker than observed. This is likely related to the model’s use of uniform soil texture, the lack of small-scale orography, as well as a predefined crop growth cycle in SPS. Nonetheless, the spatial averages of simulated soil conditions over the domain are very similar to those observed, suggesting that both are representative of large-scale conditions. Thus, in the context of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA) Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) project, this study shows that both simulated and in situ observations can be upscaled to allow future comparison with upcoming satellite data.
Localized Artificial Viscosity Stabilization of Discontinuous Galerkin Methods for Nonhydrostatic Mesoscale Atmospheric Modeling
Authors: Yu M. L. , Giraldo F. X. , Peng M. , Wang Z. J. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Gibbs oscillation can show up near flow regions with strong temperature gradients in the numerical simulation of nonhydrostatic mesoscale atmospheric flows when using the high-order discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method. The authors propose to incorporate flow-feature-based localized Laplacian artificial viscosity in the DG framework to suppress the spurious oscillation in the vicinity of sharp thermal fronts but not to contaminate the smooth flow features elsewhere. The parameters in the localized Laplacian artificial viscosity are modeled based on both physical criteria and numerical features of the DG discretization. The resulting numerical formulation is first validated on several shock-involved test cases, including a shock discontinuity problem with the one-dimensional Burger’s equation, shock–entropy wave interaction, and shock–vortex interaction. Then the efficacy of the developed numerical formulation on stabilizing thermal fronts in nonhydrostatic mesoscale atmospheric modeling is demonstrated by two benchmark test cases: the rising thermal bubble problem and the density current problem. The results indicate that the proposed flow-feature-based localized Laplacian artificial viscosity method can sharply detect the nonsmooth flow features, and stabilize the DG discretization nearby. Furthermore, the numerical stabilization method works robustly for a wide range of grid sizes and polynomial orders without parameter tuning in the localized Laplacian artificial viscosity.
Whole-exome sequencing identifies novel MPL and JAK2 mutations in triple-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms
Authors: Milosevic Feenstra Jelena D. , Nivarthi Harini , Gisslinger Heinz , Leroy Emilie , Rumi Elisa , Chachoua Ilyas , Bagienski Klaudia , Kubesova Blanka , Pietra Daniela , Gisslinger Bettina , Milanesi Chiara , Jäger Roland , Chen Doris , Berg Tiina , Schalling Martin , Schuster Michael , Bock Christoph , Constantinescu Stefan N. , Cazzola Mario , Kralovics Robert 
Published: September 2015

Key Points
Activating mutations outside exon 10 of MPL were identified in 10% (7 of 69) of triple-negative cases of ET and PMF. JAK2-V625F and JAK2-F556V were identified in 2 triple-negative cases of ET and were shown to activate JAK-STAT5 signaling.
High genetic abundance of Rpi-blb2/Mi-1.2/Cami gene family in Solanaceae
Authors: Zhao Lina , Zhang Qijun , Gao Rongchao , Yang Sihai , Liu Haoxuan , Zhang Xiaohui 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackgroundThreeNBS-LRRgenes,Rpi-blb2, Mi-1.2, andCami, constitute a very special plant resistance gene family. These genes confer resistance against 4 distantly related pathogen species in 3 differentSolanaceaehosts. To characterize this noted resistance, we conducted a series of studies on this gene family.ResultsFirst, homologs of this gene family were identified in the pepper, tomato and potato genomes. This revealed a large variation in copy number within this gene family among species and a great divergence was found both between and within species. To gain more information pertaining to gene resistance within this family, 121 LRR regions were cloned in 16 different wild/cultivated potato accessions. Again, frequent copy number variations and a high level of divergence between homolog were observed common among accessions. The divergence within species was so high that it reaches the level of divergence between species. Also, frequent frameshift mutations and abundant gene conversion events were identified in these LRR regions.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that this family harbors an unusually high level of genetic abundance, making it of particular interest. Together with other reported examples, our study also provides evidence that multi-resistance is a common trait inRgene families like this.
Micro-Raman spectral identification of manganese oxides black pigments in an archaeological context in Northern Chile
Authors: Sepúlveda Marcela , Gutiérrez Sebastián , Vallette Marcelo Campos , Standen Vivien G. , Arriaza Bernardo T. , Cárcamo-Vega José J. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The micro-Raman spectroscopy was used to identify manganese oxides, pyrolusite, manganite and cryptomelane in archaeological sites in northern Atacama Desert, Chile. The present micro-Raman data allow us to compare and expand the origins of raw materials used by archaic groups of the Atacama Desert. In the Andean highlands, pyrolusite and manganite were identified while in the coastal lowlands manganite and cryptomelane were found. The present results complement the data obtained from the lithic materials and rock art painting analyses pointing to a better understanding of the daily life of ancient populations and minerals use in this region.

Graphical abstract:
Black pigments found in three archaeological sites from northern Chile. Two of them are from the highlands: Tangani (Ta-1 and Ta-14) and one from the coast, Maderas Enco (Ari-26 and Ari-27). Raman spectra of different manganese oxides a) Ta-1, b) Ta-14, c) Ari-26 and d) Ari-27.
State aid and competitiveness of the hard coal mining industry in the European Union
Authors: Jonek-Kowalska Izabela 
Published: September 2015

The hard coal mining industry in the European Union (EU) is in decline, mostly due to a lack of price competitiveness. It is maintained, to a great extent, by state aid; the key objective of the industry’s existence is to provide energy security and guarantee employment in the mining regions. In Poland, the hard coal mining industry is currently undergoing a serious crisis that threatens the two largest mining enterprises with bankruptcy. In addition, due to the European Union’s restrictions concerning the circumstances of granting state aid, these enterprises cannot count on the financial support for the repair restructuring that they used on a large scale until 2011. Therefore, in this article, the main objective is to determine the influence of state aid on the competitiveness of the hard coal mining industry in 12 countries of the EU, including Poland in specific. In order to achieve the stated objective, the article is divided into three parts. The first part consists of a literature review, and legal regulations that are related to state aid for the hard coal mining industry in the EU are presented. The second part identifies the amount of state aid for the mining industry in the examined countries. Next, the economic effects of state aid for hard coal mining in the European Union are examined. The third assesses the financial results of 24 Polish hard coal mines.
Kajian awal granulometri pada kawasan lamun dan terumbu karang: studi kasus di gugusan Pulau Pari, Kepulauan Seribu
Authors: Purnawan Syahrul 
Published: September 2015

Abstract. Granulometric study is considered as a tool to predict sediment formation process in an aquatic environment. This paper discusses brief assessment of granulometri studies on seagrass and coral reef areas in Indonesia by collecting samples at Pari Island waters. Sediment samples were taken in May 2008 near the coral reefs and seagrass area in the cluster of Pari Island waters, Seribu Islands, Jakarta. The wet sieving method was done to separate the sediment samples based on grain size. Statistical analysis i.e., mean, sorting, skewness, and kurtosis at both locations showed a considerably complex energy works on the sediment distribution in these locations.Keywords: granulometry; sediment; coral reef; seagrass Abstrak. Studi granulometri dapat menjadi alat penduga proses terbentuknya sedimen di suatu lingkungan perairan. Tulisan ini membahas kajian ringkas studi granulometri pada kawasan lamun dan terumbu karang di Indonesia dengan mengambil contoh di perairan Pulau Pari. Sampel sedimen diambil pada Mei 2008 di kawasan terumbu karang dan lamun pada perairan gugusan Pulau Pari, Kepulauan Seribu, Jakarta. Metode ayak basah dilakukan untuk memisahkan sampel sedimen berdasarkan ukuran butir. Hasil analisis statistik ukuran butiran berupa mean, sorting, skewness, dan kurtosis pada kedua lokasi mengindikasikan fungsi energi yang cukup kompleks bekerja terhadap sebaran sedimen di lokasi tersebut.Kata kunci: granulometri; sedimen; terumbu karang; padang lamun
Electron beam treatment of simulated marine diesel exhaust gases
Authors: Licki Janusz , Pawelec Andrzej , Zimek Zbigniew , Witman-Zając Sylwia 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The exhaust gases from marine diesel engines contain high SO2 and NOx concentration. The applicability of the electron beam flue gas treatment technology for purification of marine diesel exhaust gases containing high SO2 and NOx concentration gases was the main goal of this paper. The study was performed in the laboratory plant with NOx concentration up to 1700 ppmv and SO2 concentration up to 1000 ppmv. Such high NOx and SO2 concentrations were observed in the exhaust gases from marine high-power diesel engines fuelled with different heavy fuel oils. In the first part of study the simulated exhaust gases were irradiated by the electron beam from accelerator. The simultaneous removal of SO2 and NOx were obtained and their removal efficiencies strongly depend on irradiation dose and inlet NOx concentration. For NOx concentrations above 800 ppmv low removal efficiencies were obtained even if applied high doses. In the second part of study the irradiated gases were directed to the seawater scrubber for further purification. The scrubbing process enhances removal efficiencies of both pollutants. The SO2 removal efficiencies above 98.5% were obtained with irradiation dose greater than 5.3 kGy. For inlet NOx concentrations of 1700 ppmv the NOx removal efficiency about 51% was obtained with dose greater than 8.8 kGy. Methods for further increase of NOx removal efficiency are presented in the paper.
Review of international normatives for natural radioactivity determination in building materials
Authors: Mossini Eros , Macerata Elena , Giola Marco , Mariani Mario 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Anthropogenic activities, such as high-altitude flights and living in buildings, have enhanced the public exposure to natural radiation. In particular, 40K and radionuclides belonging to 232Th and 238U decay chains are present even in building materials, and they may be considered as partially responsible for the effective dose coming from natural radioactivity. Scientists and governments have devoted great attention to the evaluation of the effects produced on the public by naturally occurring radionuclides. In this context, to evaluate the building materials acceptability, accurate and reliable methods for the measurement of the specific activity of natural radioactive isotopes in building materials have been developed. This paper aims to provide a clear and exhaustive review on natural radionuclide measurement procedures. Several standard national normatives (Dutch NEN 5697, Italian UNI 10797, Polish ITB 455), based on gamma spectrometry, have been considered and some critical issues were identified regarding the preparation and the radiometric measuring of the samples. Therefore, the direct measurement of 238U and 232Th by ICP-MS spectrometry as well as the extrapolation of the specific activities without waiting for secular equilibrium have been considered as two promising alternative approaches.
Application of the micronucleus assay performed by different scorers in case of large-scale radiation accidents
Authors: Rawojć Kamila , Tarnawska Dorota M. , Miszczyk Justyna U. , Swakoń Jan , Stolarczyk Liliana , Rydygier Marzena 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Mass casualty scenarios of radiation exposure require high throughput biological dosimetry techniques for population triage, in order to rapidly identify individuals, who require clinical treatment. Accurate dose estimates can be made by biological dosimetry, to predict the acute radiation syndrome (ARS) within days after a radiation accident or a malicious act involving radiation. Timely information on dose is important for the medical management of acutely irradiated persons [1]. The aim of the study was to evaluate the usefulness of the micronuclei (MNi) scoring procedure in an experimental mode, where 500 binucleated cells were analyzed in different exposure dose ranges. Whole-body exposure was simulated in an in vitro experiment by irradiating whole blood collected from one healthy donor with 60 MeV protons and 250 keV X-rays, in the dose range of 0.3-4.0 Gy. For achieving meaningful results, sample scoring was performed by three independent persons, who followed guidelines described in detail by Fenech et al. [2, 3]. Compared results revealed no significant differences between scorers, which has important meaning in reducing the analysis time. Moreover, presented data based on 500 cells distribution, show that there are significant differences between MNi yields after 1.0 Gy exposure of blood for both protons and X-rays, implicating this experimental mode as appropriate for the distinction between high and low dose-exposed individuals, which allows early classification of exposed victims into clinically relevant subgroups.
Application of alanine dosimetry in dose assessment for ocular melanoma patients undergoing proton radiotherapy – preliminary results
Authors: Mierzwińska Gabriela , Kłodowska Magdalena , Michalec Barbara , Pędracka Anna , Rydygier Marzena , Swakoń Jan , Waligórski Michael P. R. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Basing on alanine solid state/electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) dosimetry, a supplementary method of cumulatively recording the therapeutic dose received by ocular cancer patients undergoing fractionated proton radiotherapy is proposed. By applying alanine dosimetry during the delivery of consecutive fractions, the dose received within each fraction can be read out by EPR spectrometry and a final permanent cumulative record of the total dose delivered obtained. The dose response of the alanine detector was found to be practically independent on its position within the extended proton Bragg peak region. Dose measurements based on entrance dose recorded in proton beams individually formed for each patient are presented. The described method will be applied as a complementary Quality Assurance procedure for patients undergoing proton radiotherapy at the Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland (IFJ PAN).