bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What is the most optimal administration route of bevacizumab after glaucoma filtration surgery in mice?
Authors: HOLLANDERS K , VAN BERGEN T , SIJNAVE D , VAN DE VELDE S , VANDEWALLE E , STALMANS I 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose Glaucoma filtration surgery (GFS) frequently leads to surgical failure due to excessive postoperative wound healing. The current study was designed to investigate the effect on postoperative scarring of a single subconjunctival (SC), intracameral (IC) or intravitreal (IV) injection of bevacizumab.Methods The effect of bevacizumab (AvastinTM, Genentech) was investigated in a model of GFS in C75Bl/6 mice. Immediately after surgery, mice were divided in 3 groups (n=10 per group) and received a SC, IC or IV injection. In all groups, one eye was injected with bevacizumab (1 µl; 25 µg) and the other eye was used as a control and received an injection of NaCl (1 µl; 0.9%). Treatment outcome was studied by clinical investigation of bleb area and bleb survival every other day. Mice were killed on postoperative day 14 and immunohistological analysis of angiogenesis and collagen deposition were performed.Results In the mouse model of GFS, treatment using a SC, IC, IV injection of bevacizumab significantly improved surgical outcome by increasing bleb area with 53%; with 45% and with 49%, respectively, compared to negative control. Bleb survival significantly improved only after SC injection with 37,5%. In all groups, blood vessel density was significantly reduced after bevacizumab treatment with 36%; with 31% and with 34%, respectively. All administration routes of bevacizumab significantly diminished collagen deposition with 27%, compared to negative control.Conclusion This study shows that a subconjunctival injection of bevacizumab had the largest effect on surgical outcome compared to intracameral and intravitreal injection.
Cataract surgery and retinal vein occlusion: Is there an association?
Authors: TING DSJ , HEGDE V 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To describe and characterise patients who were noted to have developed postoperative retinal vein occlusion (RVO) soon after cataract surgery and to hypothesise the underlying mechanism of such manifestationMethods All the patients who developed post‐operative retinal vein occlusion (RVO) soon after cataract surgery between April 2012 and April 2013 in Cumberland Infirmary, Carlisle, United Kingdom, were consecutively recruited. All cataract surgeries were performed under topical anaesthesia. All the patients were assessed pre‐operatively and 4 weeks after the cataract surgery.Results A total of 3 patients were included in this study. All 3 patients were male and mean age of the cohort was 82 ± 10 years. The mean preoperative best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of the cohort was 78.3 ETDRS letters. Vasculopathic risk factors were identified in all patients, including previous RVO (66%), hypertension (100%), diabetes (33%) ischemic heart disease (33%) and smoking (66%). All patients underwent phacoemulsification with IOL implantation without any complication. Time interval between surgery and diagnosis of RVO was 73.3 ± 39.7 days. Postoperative BCVA of the cohort was 50 ETDRS letters. Two patients required 0.7mg intravitreal dexamethasone implant (Ozurdex).Conclusion Vasculopathic risk factors were identified in all the patients who were noted to develop RVO following cataract surgery. We hypothesise that the fluctuation of intraocular pressure during cataract surgery predisposes to the development of intra‐operative retinal vein occlusion in our cohort. Preoperative counselling regarding the risk of RVO before the cataract surgery may be indicated.
Ranibizumab versus bevacizumab for neovascular age‐related macular degeneration: Results from the GEFAL noninferiority randomized trial
Authors: KODJIKIAN L , SOUIED EH , MIMOUN G , DECULLIER E , HUOT L , AULAGNER G 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To evaluate the relative efficacy and safety profile of bevacizumab versus ranibizumab intravitreal injections for treatment of neovascular age‐related macular degeneration (AMD)Methods Multicenter, prospective, non‐inferiority, double‐masked, randomized clinical trial, performed in 38 French ophthalmology centers. Patients were randomly assigned to intravitreal administration of bevacizumab (1.25 mg) or ranibizumab (0.50 mg). Patients were followed for one year, with a loading dose of three monthly intravitreal injections, followed by an as‐needed regimen (one injection in case of active disease) for the remaining nine months with monthly follow‐up.Results Between June 2009 and November 2011, 501 patients were randomized. In the per protocol analysis, bevacizumab was non‐inferior to ranibizumab (bevacizumab minus ranibizumab +1.89 letters, 95% confidence interval ‐1.16 to +4.93, p<0.0001). The intention‐to‐treat analysis was concordant. The mean numbers of injections were 6.8 in the bevacizumab group and 6.5 in the ranibizumab group (p=0.39). Both drugs reduced the central subfield macular thickness, with a mean decrease of 95 µm for bevacizumab and 107 µm for ranibizumab (p=0.27). There were no significant differences in anatomical secondary criteria. The proportion of patients with serious adverse events was 12.6% in the bevacizumab group and 12.1% in the ranibizumab group (p=0.88). The proportion of patients with serious systemic or ocular adverse events was similar in both groups.Conclusion Bevacizumab was non‐inferior to ranibizumab for visual acuity at one year with similar safety profiles. The results are similar to previous head‐to‐head studies.
Non‐invasive discrimination between perfused and occluded vessels by optical coherence tomography
Authors: BERNARDES R , GUIMARAES P , RODRIGUES P , FIGUEIRA J , SERRANHO P 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To noninvasively distinguish between perfused and occluded vessels from OCT scans of the human retina.Methods Two specific signatures of the vascular tree of the human retina do exist, the hyper‐reflectivity from the top of the vessel, and the shadow due to light absorption by haemoglobin. This shadow effect is notorious on the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) being responsible for the dark appearance of the perfused vascular network on OCT fundus images. While the hyper‐reflectivity (due to the vessel) is always present, the shadow effect on the RPE only exists for perfused vessels. Thus, this method allows the discrimination between perfused and occluded vessels by a non‐invasive OCT scan of the human retina.Results The haemoglobin on perfused vessels act as a natural dye on optical coherence tomography data. By computing the integral of OCT A‐scan values over specific layers, it was demonstrated the possibility to discriminate between perfused and occluded vessels of the human retina noninvasively. In addition, the extent of the perfused vascular network possible to identify on OCT fundus reference is similar to that of colour fundus photography, and notably allows the identification of the non‐perfused vascular network which colour fundus photography do not.Conclusion The presented method compares favourably to colour fundus photography in discriminating between normal and occluded vascular tree, within the same scan, and provides functional information noninvasively.
En face 3D‐SDOCT images and the saltmarshes sign
Authors: THEOCHARIS IP 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To investigate the signal intensity obtained from the vitreoretinal interface using the spectral domain 3D OCT images.Methods Review of spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) examinations; mapping of the intensity of the tomographic signal over the posterior pole using the 3D reconstruction software; Retrospective study of the signs revealed. Chi‐square was used.Results Mapping the signal intensity over the posterior pole was named as Vitreoretinal Interface Signal Topography (V.I.SI.T.); VISIT images offer views of the epicenters and retinal folds associated with epiretinal membranes, a tool to followup the progress of the disease and to investigate the direction of the tractional forces; VISIT images allow the visualization of the borders of internal limiting membrane peeling and the inner retinal defects after an ILM rhexis; VISIT images revealed white plaques at the vitreoretinal interface, which were named as saltmarshes (SAM); SAMs are reproducible, exhibit interocular symmetry, faint in older ages and they correlate with the epicenters of ERMs.Conclusion En face VISIT images offers unique information about the vitreoretinal interface; the saltmarshes sign may indicate the areas of strong vitreoretinal adherence and strain and/or the cortex remnants after a posterior vitreous detachment.
Combined approach of inflammatory choroidal neovascularization indicates improved outcome
Authors: NERI P , PIRANI V , ARAPI I , CAPUANO V , GIOVANNINI A , MARIOTTI C 
Published: November 2013

AbstractInflammatory Choroidal Neovascularization (CNV) can be one of the most severe sequela in patients with uveitis. The outcome of subfoveal inflammatory CNV is poor if untreated: several procedures have been considered, even though there is lack of guidelines. On the other hand, the better knowledge of CNV pathophysiology may suggest a suitable treatment strategy. The combination of steroids and immunosuppression represents an important aspect of inflammatory CNV treatment. This ensures suitable control of inflammation as well as the reduction concomitant steroids dose. Neverthless there are cases which do not show a fully satisfactory response. Recently, the role of intravitreal anti‐Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) has become primary in the treatment of neovascularizations. At this time, the combination of anti‐VEGF drugs and immunesuppressives seems to be the best option for the management of inflammatory CNV. In summary, CNV secondary to uveitis is a severe sequela, which can lead to significant visual impairment. Although no guideline is provided, the current medical literature can give the basis for a successful treatment strategy, suggesting that combination of immunesuppresives and anti‐VEGF is recommended.
Role of different imaging modalities in the differential diagnosis of inflammatory serous retinal detachments
Authors: KHAIRALLAH M , KAHLOUN R 
Published: November 2013

AbstractSerous retinal detachment (SRD) may complicate a number of non infectious or infectious uveitic entities, including VKH disease, sympathetic ophthalmia, posterior scleritis, multifocal choroiditis, sarcoidosis, tuberculosis, and toxoplasmosis. Accurate detection and evaluation of inflammatory SRD relies on clinical examination and a multimodal imaging approach, including optical coherence tomography, fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography, fundus autofluorescence, and ultrasonography, in selected cases. Moreover, mutimodal imaging is useful in monitoring response to treatment. It also plays an important role in differentiating inflammatory SRD from central serous chorioretinopathy that may be induced or exacerbated by corticosteroid therapy.
Preventing complications of OOKP surgery
Authors: AVADHANAM V , LIU C 
Published: November 2013

AbstractOsteo‐odonto‐keratoprosthesis (OOKP) is the procedure of choice for end stage ocular surface disease with severe dryness and keratinisation, and in those eyes with structural and functional lid abnormalities. The device retention rates and visual outcomes of the OOKP are far superior than any other keratoprosthesis. However, this device can have complications at every step during surgery and unto many years afterwards. Complications after the Stage 1 include: mucosal thinning and ulceration, mouth related, resorption of the implanted lamina and infections. Complications after the Stage 2 include: mucosal thinning and ulceration, mucosal overgrowth onto the optic, lid malpositions, lamina problems like resorption, tilting, infection, posterior segment complications like retinal detachment and vitreous haemorrhage. Glaucoma is a major cause of visual loss in a successful OOKP eye. Social and psychological complications can arise after visual restoration or the preexisting problems can continue. In addition, operative complications, systemic morbidity and anesthetic related problems do occur. A majority of the complications can be sight threatening if not rectified appropriately in a good time. They may be preventable or reducible with correct patient selection, improvements in preoperative and postoperative patient care and education. A sound surgical technique, reflective learning, harnessing the medical technology and multidisciplinary team approach can effectively reduce and treat the complications of OOKP surgery. Multidisciplinary team approach, having an experienced anesthetist and psychologist on board, and a continuous social support will prevent patient morbidity and optimise good outcomes.
Biomimetic developments to improve the OOKP
Authors: AVADHANAM V , LIU C , LLOYD A , SANDERMAN S 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWhile the alveo‐dental tissue provides an excellent source for the Osteo‐odonto‐keratoprosthesis (OOKP) skirt with highest biointegrability anteriorly and inertness posteriorly, it brings with itself a number of disadvantages like oral trauma, laminar resorption, complex surgical technique and multiple stages of the procedure. Additionally, edentulous patients and those with unsuitable teeth are left with the options of less successful allografts and tibial bone carriers for the KPro. Therefore, a synthetic skirt material which, could avoid the problems of tooth extraction, complications of allografts and immunosuppression will be advantageous. A lamina available off the shelf can drastically minimise the surgical procedure duration and stages, and has the potential for replacements. A number of materials have been proposed using Dacron skirts (Pintucci), ceramics, corals, bioactive glass and titanium. These materials have advantages and disadvantages. However, a synthetic material that mimics the alveo‐dental tissue in porosity, mineral composition and biostability may prove suitable as a substrate for synthetic lamina.
The treatment of bilaterally advanced retinoblastoma: The Institut Curie experience
Authors: DESJARDINS L , LUMBROSOLEROUIC L , LEVY‐GABRIEL C , CASSOUX N , AERTS I , SASTRE X , SAVIGNONI A 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose Since 2005 we have used more intensive chemotherapy, combined with intensive local treatment started at the third cycle in case of bilateral group D or group D+E bilateral retinoblastoma. We report the resultsMethods All children identified with bilaterally advanced retinoblastoma were treated with 6 courses of 3 drugs. Local treatments including laser, cryotherapy and sometimes iodine plaque brachytherapy were started at the third cycle, synergistic with the chemotherapy. All tumors except the macular tumors were treated with laser during 5 to 20 minutes. The inferior periphery was treated with cryotherapy . After the end of the chemotherapy, close follow up was performed and additional local treatments were often necessary. Data concerning the initial findings, treatments and results were entered in the data base.Results : the follow up ranges from 3 to 8 years with a mean follow up of five years. Between 2005 and 2010 23 group D eyes were treated in 16 children.17 eyes are preserved without external beam (73%) One eye is lost to follow up. Visual acuity is available in 11 children ranging from counting fingers to 20/20 with a mean visual acuity of 20/50.Conclusion Intravenous chemotherapy associated with intensive local treatments allows preservation of the eye with usefull vision in a great pourcentage of group D eyes.
The effects of interleukin‐8, VEGF and CFH polymorphisms on the long‐term response to bevacizumab therapy in exudative age‐related macular degeneration
Authors: HAUTAMäKI A , KIVIOJA J , VAVULI S , KAKKO S , SAVOLAINEN ER , SAVOLAINEN MJ , LIINAMAA MJ , SEITSONEN S , ONKAMO P , JÄRVELÄ I , LUOMA A , IMMONEN I 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To study the effects of IL‐8, VEGF, CFH, complement component C3 and LOC387715 single nucleotide polymorphisms and neovascular lesion characteristics on the response to intravitreal bevacizumab treatment in exudative age‐related macular degeneration (AMD).Methods Fifty patients with treatment naïve exudative AMD were recruited to this two‐year prospective follow‐up study, and treated with bevacizumab on their once‐a‐month visits when sub‐ or intraretinal fluid in OCTs, or a new hemorrhage was detected. Visual acuities (VA) and contrast sensitivities (CS) were assessed on every visit, and fluorescein (FA) and indocyanine green (ICGA) angiographies recorded at baseline, and after one and two years of follow‐up. Blood samples were collected for genotyping.Results VEGF ‐2578A/C and CFH Y402H polymorphisms and baseline lesion size in ICGA associated with the number of needed reinjections during the follow‐up, and IL‐8 ‐251A/T associated with the disappearance of fluid in OCTs. The alleles A in IL‐8 ‐251A/T, A in VEGF ‐2578A/C, and C in CFH Y402H had a cumulative effect on the presence of fluid in OCTs. A marked difference existed between patients having 0 ‐ 2 risk alleles compared to those having 3 ‐ 6 risk alleles (P=0.00002). An association was also detected between the VEGF ‐2578A/C polymorphism and CS gain (P=0.014). During the first year VA change correlated negatively with the number of visits when cystic changes were detected in the OCTs (r=‐0.366, P=0.009), but the association did not persist during the second year.Conclusion VEGF ‐2578A/C, IL‐8 ‐251A/T, and CFH Y402H seem to to affect the persistence of fluid in the macular area during bevacizumab therapy of exudative AMD.
Influence of refractive error and axial length on retinal vessel geometric characteristics
Authors: LIM LS , CHEUNG C , LIM X , MITCHELL P , WONG TY , SAW SM 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To evaluate the influence of refractive error and axial length (AL) on retinal vascular network geometry measurements in an adult Asian population.Methods This was a population‐based, cross‐sectional study on 2882 persons with diabetes in the Singapore Malay Eye Study (SiMES). Spherical equivalent refraction (SE) was assessed using an autokeratorefractometer and subjective refraction. AL was measured by IOL Master. Retinal vascular caliber, tortuosity, and branching characteristics were quantified from retinal fundus photographs using a semi‐automated computer‐assisted program according to a standardized protocol.Results In multivariate analyses adjusting for age, gender, education, smoking, blood pressure, diabetes status, and anti‐hypertensive medication use, longer AL and more myopic refraction were associated with narrower retinal arterioles and venules,(p ≤ 0.001 for all) and less tortuous (straighter) arterioles,(p < 0.001 for both). Longer AL and more myopic refraction were also associated with increased branching coefficients in both arterioles (p < 0.001 for both) and venules.(p = 0.02 and p < 0.001 respectively). Longer AL and more myopic refraction were associated with more acute branching angles in arterioles (p < 0.001 for both) but not venules.Conclusion Myopic refractive errors and longer AL are associated with narrower retinal arterioles and venules, less tortuous arterioles, and increased branching coefficients in both arterioles and venules. These findings provide insights into ocular blood flow in myopia, and also suggest that future studies evaluating these retinal parameters should account for the influence of AL and refractive error.
Combination of ranibizumab and navigated retinal photocoagulation in diabetic macular edema, compared to ranibizumab mono‐therapy: Twelve month results
Authors: KERNT M 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To evaluate the number of anti‐VEGF injections needed in DME patients using a protocol with navigated laserMethods A consecutive series of 76 eyes with DME were included and randomized into 3 groups: 1. Ranibizumab monotherapy (n=27; using an observation and retreatment paradigm for anti‐VEGF therapy that is compliant with the European Public Assessment Report (EPAR, European Medicines Agency) for ranibizumab), 2. Three consecutive monthly ranibizumab injections followed by navigated laser therapy, then application of the observation and retreatment paradigm as in group “1” (n=15), 3. Monthly ranibizumab injection until central retinal thickness (CRT) was reduced to 450µm (Spectralis OCT) then navigated laser therapy followed by the application of the observation and retreatment paradigm as in group “1” (n=34). Subjects were followed monthly (best corrected Visual acuity (BCVA), CRT) for 12month, to assess the number of anti‐VEGF injections required to maintain stable clinical improvement.Results After 12 month BCVA increased and in all three investigated groups significantly (group 1: 6.3 ±6.77; group 2: 7.1 ±8.22; group 3: 7.4 ±7.53 letters). To achieve these results, after an upload of three consecutive monthly applied ranibizumab injections, ranibizumab mono‐therapy group (group 1) needed 5.2 ± 3.2 injections. In contrast, group 2 and 3 nedded significantly less ranibizumab injections (0.5 ± 0.8 and 0.8 ± 1.1, p<0.001).Conclusion Combining anti‐VEGF with navigated laser showed similar visual improvements compared to anti‐VEGF monotherapy with significantly fewer injections.
Commercial interest
High doses fatty acids for improving vision in patients with dry and wet macular degeneration
Authors: GEORGIOU T , NICOLAOU D , NEOKLEOUS A , MICHAEL S , IKONOMU C 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To evaluate the effect of high doses EPA/DHA for dry and wet macular degenerationMethods 40 eyes with dry macular degeneration (6 months follow up) and 43 eyes with wet macular degeneration (1 year follow up) were treated with 5g/day of EPA/DHA. Results of the visual acuity and/or mfERG and/or OCT scans were noted.Results Visual acuity for dry macular degeneration patients improved by one or more lines in 80% of eyes at 6/52, 88% at 3/12 and 100% of eyes at 4.5/12. The mean macular oedema for wet macular degeneration was reduced from 487 to 280um at 1 year and the mean visual acuity gain was 1.4 lines at 1 year. The average number of anti‐VEGF injections for wet macular degeneration injected was 0.77 over 1 year.Conclusion Innovative therapy of using high doses fatty acids to improve vision in patients with dry and wet macular degeneration.