bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health, nutrition and hydration status of Indonesian workers: a preliminary study in two different environmental settings
Authors: Bardosono Saptawati , Ilyas Ermita 
Published: July 2014

Background: Hydration status in the working environment of hot and conveniently cool may influence the health status of workers, including their hydration status. This study aimed to determine the health, nutrition and hydration status of workers in two different working environment, i.e. hot and conveniently cool environment.Methods: A cross-sectional comparative study was done on apparently healthy male subjects, age 25-45 years. Two groups of factory workers consisted of 39 subjects working in environment exposed directly to heat and the other doing administrative work in cool environment. Data on their health status (physical examination), weight, height, waist circumference, fat body composition, laboratory result, were collected. The data was presented as average value and proportion; statistical analysis with unpaired-t (Mann-Whitney test) and chi-square test was used.Results: Subjects working in a hot environment were more prone to dehydration in comparison to their counterparts, as was shown by significantly higher values of several hydration status biomarkers: hemoglobin (15.6 vs 14.8 g/dL, p = 0.017), hematocrit (46 vs 44.5%, p = 0.040), blood viscosity (23 vs 12 mEq/L, p < 0.001), and blood sodium concentration (140 vs 138 mEq/L, p < 0.001). In contrast, subjects working in a conveniently cool environment who did more administrative tasks were physically less active, had significantly lower HDL-cholesterol level (43 vs 52.1 mg/dL, p = 0.005), higher body and visceral fat compositions (21.6 vs 17.6%, p = 0.008, and 10 vs 8%, p = 0.015, respectively) compared to their counterparts.Conclusion: Workers in hot and cool working environment are prone to nutrition- and health problems as well as dehydration, suggesting special attention to the provision of timely drinking water, and physical activity during working time.
Recomendaciones dietéticas en la artritis reumatoide
Authors: Alhambra-Expósito María Rosa , Arjonilla-Sampedro María Elena , Molina-Puerta María José , Tenorio-Jiménez Carmen , Manzano-García Gregorio , Moreno-Moreno Paloma , Benito-López Pedro 
Published: July 2014

La artritis reumatoide es una enfermedad sistémica crónica, con gran impacto en la vida social, emocional y física de los pacientes. Desde hace décadas, se han utilizado distintas dietas para tratar de mejorar los síntomas de las personas que la padecen. En este artículo se revisan los posibles beneficios de la terapia dietética en la artritis reumatoide. Los objetivos nutricionales en esta patología son frenar la pérdida de masa ósea, favorecer la recuperación de fracturas óseas y mejorar los trastornos inflamatorios asociadas al hueso y a las articulaciones. En general, se recomiendan dietas bajas en grasas saturadas, ricas en grasas polinsaturadas: omega 3 y omega 6, en hidratos de carbono complejos y fibra.
Tilman Nagels „ ‚Authentizität‘ in der Leben-Mohammed-Forschung“. Eine Antwort
Authors: Schoeler Gregor 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
This contribution is a response to Tilman Nagel's essay “ ‘Authentizität’ in der Leben-Mohammed-Forschung” [‘Authenticity’ in the research on the Life of Mohammed] in which the author again presents the main theses argued in his monograph Mohammed. Leben und Legende and responds to criticism. Whereas his critics agree with Nagel that complete ‘authenticity’ is unattainable in principle, yet an asymptotic approximation of Mohammed as a figure is indeed possible, the way to attain such an approximation remains a matter of dispute. Contrary to Nagel, the proponents of the so-called isnad-cum-matn analysis hold this method, which offers the possibility to date ḥadīṯs (traditions) and reconstruct texts in circulation in the 1st cent. H., for one of the most successful towards achieving this goal. Another successful procedure of proven value is the evaluation and appraisal of the corpus of traditions traced back to ʿUrwa b. az-Zubayr (d. c. 712), one of the earliest and most important collectors of historical material in Islam. Proponents of both of these procedures do not apply the term ‘authentic’, as asserted by Nagel, in the sense of ‘what exactly happened’, but rather use this term if the transmitters of a tradition are historical figures and when the process of transmission is proven to have ensued as indicated in the chain of transmission.
Modellbasierte Regelung des Sekundärluftmassenstromes bei Biomasse-Feuerungsanlagen
Authors: Schörghuber Christoph , Gölles Markus , Dourdoumas Nicolaos , Obernberger Ingwald 
Published: July 2014

Zusammenfassung
Um den Verbrennungsprozess moderner Biomasse-Feuerungsanlagen gezielt zu beeinflussen, werden die von der Feuerungsregelung geforderten gasförmigen Massenströme mit Hilfe von Ventilatoren und Klappen eingestellt. Damit die tatsächlichen Massenströme den gewünschten Verläufen folgen, müssen diese von unterlagerten Regelungen auf die geforderten Werte geregelt werden. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird für den Entwurf dieser unterlagerten Massenstromregler ein modellbasierter Ansatz mit Hilfe einer flachheitsbasierten Vorsteuerung am Beispiel der Sekundärluftzufuhr vorgestellt.
Geometrische Darstellung nichtlinearer Systeme
Authors: Schlacher Kurt , Schöberl Markus 
Published: July 2014

Zusammenfassung
Differentialgeometrie und die Anwendung ihrer Methoden haben eine lange Tradition in den technisch/naturwissenschaftlichen Wissenschaften. In die Regelungstheorie und Regelungstechnik fanden diese Methoden Eingang, als es gelang, durch sie Fragen betreffend Beobachtbarkeit, Erreichbarkeit, Eingangs/Zustands Linearisierbarkeit für nichtlineare Systeme erfolgreich zu beantworten. Der Schlüssel dazu war die Konstruktion von speziellen Koordinatensystemen, die diese Eigenschaften einfach sichtbar machten. Dieser Beitrag fasst nun die dazu erforderlichen Grundlagen, wie abstrakte Mannigfaltigkeiten und Bündel, Lie-Ableitungen, äußere Ableitung und erste Ansätze zur Untersuchung von Struktureigenschaften nichtlinearer Systeme in Form eines kurzen Überblicks zusammen.
Strukturerhaltende Diskretisierung verteilt-parametrischer Port-Hamiltonscher Systeme mittels finiter Elemente
Authors: Farle Ortwin , Baltes Rolf-Björn , Dyczij-Edlinger Romanus 
Published: July 2014

Zusammenfassung
Dieser Beitrag präsentiert ein Rahmenwerk für die Finite-Elemente-Approximation verteilt-parametrischer Port-Hamiltonscher Systeme.
Das vorgeschlagene Diskretisierungsverfahren erhält nicht nur die Port-Hamiltonsche Struktur, sondern auch wichtige
Erhaltungseigenschaften des zugrundeliegenden infinit-dimensionalen Systems. Als Anwendungen werden eine Übertragungsleitung und ein
randgespeistes Maxwellsches System betrachtet. Numerische Experimente zeigen, dass die Finite-Elemente-Methode durch Verwendung von
Formfunktionen höherer Ordnung höhere Konvergenzraten als bestehende Ansätze zur strukturerhaltenden Diskretisierung Port-Hamiltonscher
Systeme erzielt. Bei vorgegebener Fehlertoleranz führt das vorgeschlagene Verfahren daher zu einer beträchtlichen Reduktion der
Dimension des finit-dimensionalen Modells.
Classification in Postural Style Based on Stochastic Process Modeling
Authors: Denis Christophe 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe address the statistical challenge of classifying subjects as hemiplegic, vestibular or normal based on complex trajectories obtained through two experimental protocols designed to evaluate potential deficits in postural control. The classification procedure involves a dimension reduction step where the complex trajectories are summarized by finite-dimensional summary measures based on a stochastic process model for a real-valued trajectory. This allows us to retrieve from the trajectories information relative to their temporal dynamic. A leave-one-out evaluation yields a 79% performance of correct classification for a total of
Response Surface Analysis for Preparation of Modified Flours using Twin Screw Extrusion Cooking
Authors: Kaur Gurkirat , Sharma Savita , Singh Baljit 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Rice flour, wheat flour and flour in combination (rice:wheat::50:50) were used to prepare modified flour using co-rotating twin screw extruder. The effects of barrel temperature, feed moisture and screw speed on product responses (specific mechanical energy[SME], expansion ratio and bulk density) were studied using response surface methodology. Extrusion variables were barrel temperature (125, 150 and 175°C), moisture content (14, 16 and 18%) and screw speed (300, 400 and 500 rpm). Expansion ratio was directly affected by barrel temperature, whereas increase in temperature decreased SME and bulk density. Feed moisture had positive effect on bulk density only, i.e. it increased with increase in moisture. Increase in screw speed was directly related to SME and expansion ratio. The higher R
2 values showed that the model developed for the response variables appeared adequate for predictive purposes.
Effect of shear factor on bubble nucleation of polystyrene using supercritical fluid as a foaming agent
Authors: Mou Wenjie 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The effect of shear factor on bubble nucleation during the foaming extrusion process with polystyrene (PS) using the supercritical fluid (SCF) carbon dioxide (CO2) as a foaming agent was studied based on the energy transformation in this article. The influence of shear factor (which is caused by the velocity gradient in a conical die) on the dynamics of bubble nucleation was investigated and determined. The critical radius for bubble nucleation is presented through the Taylor deformation theory by using a nuclear embryo to represent the state in the bud of the appearance of the nuclear bubble. Theoretical analysis shows that a spherical nuclear bubble can split into two new nuclear bubbles after the deformation in the shear flow field; the radius of the new nuclear bubble is greater than the critical radius, so it can finally grow into a larger nuclear bubble. The shear factor increased the number of the nuclear bubbles in the polymer melt and so increased the density of the bubbles and decreased the diameters of the bubbles. This article proposes a qualitative judgment which indicates that the shear factor in a conical die has a beneficial effect on bubble nucleation, and helps to produce foamed plastics with fine bubbles.
Mitochondrial apoptosis is dispensable for NLRP3 inflammasome activation but non‐apoptotic caspase‐8 is required for inflammasome priming
Authors: Allam Ramanjaneyulu , Lawlor Kate E , Yu Eric Chi‐Wang , Mildenhall Alison L , Moujalled Donia M , Lewis Rowena S , Ke Francine , Mason Kylie D , White Michael J , Stacey Katryn J , Strasser Andreas , O'Reilly Lorraine A , Alexander Warren , Kile Benjamin T , Vaux David L , Vince James E 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA current paradigm proposes that mitochondrial damage is a critical determinant of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Here, we genetically assess whether mitochondrial signalling represents a unified mechanism to explain how NLRP3 is activated by divergent stimuli. Neither co‐deletion of the essential executioners of mitochondrial apoptosis BAK and BAX, nor removal of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore component cyclophilin D, nor loss of the mitophagy regulator Parkin, nor deficiency in MAVS affects NLRP3 inflammasome function. In contrast, caspase‐8, a caspase essential for death‐receptor‐mediated apoptosis, is required for efficient Toll‐like‐receptor‐induced inflammasome priming and cytokine production. Collectively, these results demonstrate that mitochondrial apoptosis is not required for NLRP3 activation, and highlight an important non‐apoptotic role for caspase‐8 in regulating inflammasome activation and pro‐inflammatory cytokine levels.
Influence of Gene Interaction on Complex Trait Variation with Multilocus Models
Authors: Mäki-Tanila Asko , Hill William G 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAlthough research effort is being expended into determining the importance of epistasis and epistatic variance for complex traits, there is considerable controversy about their importance. Here we undertake an analysis for quantitative traits utilizing a range of multilocus quantitative genetic models and gene frequency distributions, focusing on the potential magnitude of the epistatic variance. All the epistatic terms involving a particular locus appear in its average effect, with the number of two-locus interaction terms increasing in proportion to the square of the number of loci and that of third order as the cube and so on. Hence multilocus epistasis makes substantial contributions to the additive variance and does not, per se, lead to large increases in the nonadditive part of the genotypic variance. Even though this proportion can be high where epistasis is antagonistic to direct effects, it reduces with multiple loci. As the magnitude of the epistatic variance depends critically on the heterozygosity, for models where frequencies are widely dispersed, such as for selectively neutral mutations, contributions of epistatic variance are always small. Epistasis may be important in understanding the genetic architecture, for example, of function or human disease, but that does not imply that loci exhibiting it will contribute much genetic variance. Overall we conclude that theoretical predictions and experimental observations of low amounts of epistatic variance in outbred populations are concordant. It is not a likely source of missing heritability, for example, or major influence on predictions of rates of evolution.
Mei-P26 Mediates Tissue-Specific Responses to the Brat Tumor Suppressor and the dMyc Proto-Oncogene inDrosophila
Authors: Ferreira Ana , Boulan Laura , Perez Lidia , Milán Marco 
Published: July 2014

AbstractTRIM-NHL proteins are a family of translational regulators that control cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation during development. Drosophila Brat and Mei-P26 TRIM-NHL proteins serve as tumor suppressors in stem cell lineages and have been proposed to exert this action, in part, via the repression of the protooncogene dMyc. Here we analyze the role of Brat, Mei-P26, and dMyc in regulating growth in Drosophila imaginal discs. As in stem cell lineages, Brat and Mei-P26 repress dMyc in epithelial cells by acting at the post-transcriptional and protein level, respectively. Analysis of cell and organ size unravel that Mei-P26 mediates tissue-specific responses to Brat and dMyc activities. Loss-of-function of brat and overexpression of dMyc induce overgrowth in stem cell lineages and eventually can participate in tumor formation. In contrast, an increase in Mei-P26 levels inhibits growth of epithelial cells in these two conditions. Upon depletion of Brat, Mei-P26 up-regulation prevents an increase in dMyc protein levels and leads to tissue undergrowth. This mechanism appears to be tissue-specific since Mei-P26 is not upregulated in brain tumors resulting from brat loss-of-function. Driving Mei-P26 expression in these tumors —mimicking the situation in epithelial cells— is sufficient to prevent dMyc accumulation, thus rescuing the overgrowth. Finally, we show that Mei-P26 upregulation mediates dMyc-induced apoptosis and limits dMyc growth potential in epithelial cells. These findings shed light on the tumor suppressor roles of TRIM-NHL proteins and underscore a new mechanism that maintains tissue homeostasis upon dMyc deregulation.
Does Mandatory IFRS Adoption Affect Crash Risk?
Authors: DeFond Mark L. , Hung Mingyi , Li Siqi , Li Yinghua 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT
We test whether mandatory IFRS adoption affects firm-level “crash risk,” defined as the frequency of extreme negative stock returns. We separately analyze nonfinancial firms and financial firms because IFRS is likely to affect their crash risk differently. We find that IFRS adoption decreases crash risk among nonfinancial firms, especially among firms in poor information environments and in countries where IFRS adoption results in larger and more credible changes to local GAAP. In contrast, IFRS adoption has no effect on crash risk for financial firms, on average, but decreases crash risk among firms less affected by IFRS's fair value provisions, and increases crash risk among banks in countries with weak banking regulations. Overall, our results are consistent with the increased transparency from IFRS adoption broadly reducing crash risk among nonfinancial firms, but more selectively among financial firms, and with financial regulations playing a complementary role in implementing IFRS among financial firms.
The Effects of Client Identity Strength and Professional Identity Salience on Auditor Judgments
Authors: Bauer Tim D. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT
Considerable recent audit regulation, both proposed and mandated, and accounting research has focused on auditor independence threats arising over long auditor tenure. Psychology research, however, suggests independence threats also likely arise when auditor tenure is short because auditors can quickly develop a strong client identity, raising questions about the effectiveness of mandatory audit partner or firm rotation to address independence concerns. Relying on Social Identity Theory, I examine mechanisms for promoting auditor independence that can be implemented regardless of auditor tenure or rotation. I conduct two experiments in a setting with no prior auditor-client history. As predicted, auditors who identify more strongly with their clients, by sharing their values, agree more with the client's preferred accounting treatment, unless the salience or arousal of their professional identity is heightened. Further, as predicted, heightening professional identity salience increases professional skepticism. My results provide an improved understanding of the joint effects of identity strength and salience on auditor judgments and suggest a cost-effective alternative to auditor rotation to maintain auditor independence, even when auditor tenure is short.
The Effect of Superiors' Exogenous Constraints on Budget Negotiations
Authors: Arnold Markus C. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT
In a world characterized by increasing pressure from financial and product markets, the question of how exogenous constraints affect internal coordination and control processes has become increasingly important. This experiment investigates how two exogenous constraints that superiors can face in budget negotiation settings, increased opportunity costs and financial pressure to meet unit targets, affect budget negotiations and subordinate effort. The results show that both constraints induce more cooperation, but in different ways. Financial pressure on the superior leads to more cooperative negotiation behavior by superiors and subordinates than increased opportunity costs. Specifically, subordinates do not take advantage of the superior's increased financial pressure to enforce lower budgets. After negotiation, both constraints strongly mitigate the negative effects of superior budget imposition on subordinate effort because exogenous constraints eliminate the effect of procedural fairness considerations on subordinate effort.
Do Accounting and Audit Quality Affect World Bank Lending?
Authors: Lamoreaux Phillip T. , Michas Paul N. , Schultz Wendy L. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT
We investigate the role of accounting and audit quality in the allocation of international development aid loans provided by the World Bank. This aid is crucial to improve governance functions, infrastructure, and capital markets, and the accounting and audit environments in a country can provide the World Bank with confidence that aid is being used as intended rather than being diverted for personal or political gain. We find that development aid loans are higher for countries with stronger accounting quality, where IFRS use is mandated, and where the audit environment is stronger. However, we also find that United States geo-political interests influence these results. Specifically, the World Bank appears to “overlook” accounting and audit quality in countries where geo-political interests are relatively aligned with those of the U.S. Finally, we find that accounting and auditing matter only in countries with relatively high corruption levels, indicating that the World Bank has greater trust that accounting and auditing are of relatively high quality in low-corruption countries.
Data Availability: All data are publicly available.
Effect of the AlCr20 Addition on the Microstructure of Secondary AlSi7Mg0.3 Alloy
Authors: Bolibruchová D. , Richtárech L. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
This paper deals with influence of chrome addition and heat treatment on segregation of iron based phases in the secondary alloy AlSi7Mg0.3 microstructure by chrome and heat treatment. Iron is the most common and harmful impurity in aluminum casting alloys and has long been associated with an increase of casting defects. In generally, iron is associated with the formation of Fe-rich intermetallic phases. It is impossible to remove iron from melt by standard operations, but it is possible to eliminate its negative influence by addition some other elements that affect the segregation of intermetallics in less harmful type or by heat treatment. Realization of experiments and results of analysis show new view on solubility of iron based phases during melt preparation with higher iron content and influence of chrome as iron corrector of iron based phases.
The Influence of the Mould Filling Conditions on the Quality of Castings Made of EN AC-44000 Alloy
Authors: Nadolski M. , Konopka Z. , Łągiewka M. , Zyska A. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The work deals with the influence of change in the filling conditions of the ceramic moulds with plaster binder on the presence of gaseous porosity and the microstructure of the achieved test castings with graded wall thickness. Castings made of EN AC-44000 alloy, produced either by gravity casting, or by gravity casting with negative pressure generated around the mould (according to the Vacumetal technology), or by counter-gravity casting were compared. The results of examinations concerning the density of the produced castings indicate that no significant change in porosity was found. The increased size of silicon crystals was found for the increased wall thicknesses due to the slower cooling and solidification of castings.
The Production of Material with Ultrafine Grain Structure in Al-Zn Alloy in the Process of Rapid Solidification
Authors: Szymaneka M. , Augustyn B. , Kapinos D. , Boczkal S. , Nowak J. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
In the aluminium alloy family, Al-Zn materials with non-standard chemical composition containing Mg and Cu are a new group of alloys, mainly owing to their high strength properties. Proper choice of alloying elements, and of the method of molten metal treatment and casting enable further shaping of the properties. One of the modern methods to produce materials with submicron structure is a method of Rapid Solidification. The ribbon cast in a melt spinning device is an intermediate product for further plastic working. Using the technique of Rapid Solidification it is not possible to directly produce a solid structural material of the required shape and length. Therefore, the ribbon of an ultrafine grain or nanometric structure must be subjected to the operations of fragmentation, compaction, consolidation and hot extrusion.
In this article the authors focussed their attention on the technological aspect of the above mentioned process and described successive stages of the fabrication of an AlZn9Mg2.5Cu1.8 alloy of ultrafine grain structure designated for further plastic working, which enables making extruded rods or elements shaped by the die forging technology. Studies described in the article were performed under variable parameters determined experimentally in the course of the alloy manufacturing process, including casting by RS and subsequent fragmentation.