bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histological overlap between colorectal villous/tubulovillous and traditional serrated adenomas
Authors: Hafezi‐Bakhtiari Sara , Wang Lai Mun , Colling Richard , Serra Stefano , Chetty Runjan 
Published: September 2014

AimsTo ascertain the degree of histological overlap between conventional villous/tubulovillous (VA/TVAs) and traditional serrated adenomas (TSA).Methods and resultsA total of 180 polyps from the left colon/rectum diagnosed as VA/TVAs were retrieved randomly and reviewed by five pathologists looking specifically at luminal serration, cytoplasmic eosinophilia and the presence of ectopic crypt foci (ECF). For comparative purposes, 100 tubular adenomas and 80 TSAs were also examined. Twenty VA/TVAs were reclassified as TSA. Luminal serration as noted in TSA was not seen in any of the remaining 160 polyps, ECFs were noted in 55 of the 160 VA/TVAs (34%), while cytoplasmic eosinophilia (constituting <50% of the adenoma) was noted in only 10 of 160 cases (6.2%).ConclusionsEctopic crypt foci and cytoplasmic eosinophilia are encountered in sporadic VA/TVAs but not to the same extent and degree as in TSA. ECFs were found in one‐third of cases, but cytoplasmic eosinophilia is rare. The pattern of luminal serration in TSA is very characteristic and not recapitulated in VA/TVA. The occurrence of all three histological features together occurs only in TSA. ECFs are not a sine qua non for TSA and are encountered commonly in VA/TVAs. VA/TVAs often contain occasional glands typical of TSA.
Cell block samples from malignant pleural effusion might be valid alternative samples for anaplastic lymphoma kinase detection in patients with advanced non‐small‐cell lung cancer
Authors: Zhou Jianya , Yao Hongtian , Zhao Jing , Zhang Shumeng , You Qihan , Sun Ke , Zou Yinying , Zhou Caicun , Zhou Jianying 
Published: September 2014

AimTo evaluate the clinical value of cell block samples from malignant pleural effusion (MPE) as alternative samples to tumour tissue for anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) detection in patients with advanced non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Methods and resultsFifty‐two matched samples were eligible for analysis. ALK status was detected by Ventana immunohistochemistry (IHC) (with the D5F3 clone), reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and fluorescence in‐situ hybridization (FISH) in MPE cell block samples, and by FISH in tumour tissue block samples. In total, ALK FISH results were obtained for 52 tumour tissue samples and 41 MPE cell block samples. Eight cases (15.4%) were ALK‐positive in tumour tissue samples by FISH, and among matched MPE cell block samples, five were ALK‐positive by FISH, seven were ALK‐positive by RT‐PCR, and eight were ALK‐positive by Ventana IHC. The ALK status concordance rates between tumour tissue and MPE cell block samples were 78.9% by FISH, 98.1% by RT‐PCR, and 100% by Ventana IHC. In MPE cell block samples, the sensitivity and specificity of Ventana IHC (100% and 100%) and RT‐PCR (87.5% and 100%) were higher than those of FISH (62.5% and 100%).ConclusionsMalignant pleural effusion cell block samples had a diagnostic performance for ALK detection in advanced NSCLC that was comparable to that of tumour tissue samples. MPE cell block samples might be valid alternative samples for ALK detection when tissue is not available. Ventana IHC could be the most suitable method for ALK detection in MPE cell block samples.
On Christian Discernment and the Problem of the Theological
Authors: Westerholm Martin 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis article lays the groundwork for a theology of discernment that seeks to address modern anxieties about the integrity of the theological by showing how Christian believers are sanctified for the identification of true speech about God. It does so by arguing that post‐Kantian understandings of the activity of the human subject in judgement need not be seen as inimical to an account of Christian discernment, that recognition of Paul's understanding of the place of discernment in the Christian life points to alternatives to Barth's attempt to resolve the difficulties of the theological through an exclusive appeal to divine activity, and that Augustine develops a helpful account of the place of a theology of discernment in addressing the problem of the theological by treating the connection between these topics as an element within theologies of sanctification and creaturely vocation.
An Economics of Wellbeing: What Would Economics Look Like if it were Focused on Human Wellbeing?
Authors: Pouw Nicky , McGregor Allister 
Published: September 2014

SummaryThis paper makes a number of fundamental proposals to reconsider economics by putting human wellbeing at the centre. It emerges from a pluralist perspective in economics and the ontological, conceptual, axiomatic and methodological propositions that are made lead to the construction of what we call an inclusive economy matrix (IEM). In particular, the paper draws on heterodox economics to redefine the scope of economics, economic agency, rational behaviour and put emphasis on wellbeing rather than welfare. Furthermore, from the acknowledgement of human wellbeing as a three‐dimensional concept, the economic aggregation problem is reconsidered and the methodological implications discussed. The IEM is proposed as a comprehensive and robust analytical framework that gives space to bring social equity and sustainable development considerations forward as a priori concerns for economic development. As such, the IEM can serve as a point of departure for formulating new research questions, exploring new relationships between human wellbeing and economic development, and building economic models that bring us closer to people's realities on the ground.
Flows and Practices: Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) in African Contexts
Authors: Mehta Lyla , Movik Synne 
Published: September 2014

SummaryFor the past two decades, Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) has been considered the dominant paradigm in water resources. It is the flagship project of supranational global bodies such as the Global Water Partnership (GWP) and has also been actively promoted by multilateral and regional development banks (e.g. the World Bank; African Development Bank) as well as bilateral donor agencies which make it out to be the panacea to address the water management crisis in the global south, leading to major water reforms programmes and the rewriting of national policies drawing on IWRM principles in a range of countries in southern Africa. This paper offers a conceptual approach for studying the evolution, spread and uptake of IWRM. It then turns to the actual practices, and how IWRM has been interpreted in multiple ways, and how it aligns with existing patterns of legal pluralism. The paper proposes a conceptual framework that builds on three main themes, the flow of IWRM as an idea in international and national fora, the translation and adoption of IWRM into national contexts, and the practice of IWRM in local contexts. In constructing such a conceptual framework, we draw on several strands of thought, including policy discourse, network and regime theory (flows), translation theory and donor‐recipient studies (translation and adoption) and theories of legal pluralism, institutional bricolage and agency (practices). With this framework we hope it will be possible to trace the spread, transformation and uptake of IWRM across global, national and local scales, to unearth the convergences and divergences in understandings and applications of the notion of IWRM raising challenges and issues for debate and further research and key actors operating at different levels mediating/moderating/articulating the travel of policy ideas. The latter may create generic insights on policy processes and practice that goes beyond the concept of IWRM and the water world. This framework will guide the critical study of various interpretations and challenges of how policy ideas travel at multiple political and geographical scales, from macro political forums to localised arenas and communities, speaking to wider themes such as policy translation and uptake and the politics of the development process.
Understanding and Enhancing the Role of Business in International Development: A Conceptual Framework and Agenda for Research
Authors: Humphrey John , Spratt Stephen , Thorpe Jodie , Henson Spencer 
Published: September 2014

SummaryIt is now commonplace for development policy makers to refer to the contributions of businesses to the achievement of development goals and the importance of collaborations between businesses and development agencies. Many businesses give greater attention to the development impacts of their activities. There has been relatively little systematic and critical thinking about where and how businesses can contribute most effectively to the achievement of development objectives and, accordingly, how development agents should prioritise and focus their collaborations with businesses. This paper initiates such a systematic and critical approach, starting from the question ‘How can development policy work with and on businesses and the business environment so that the private goals of businesses contribute to most effectively to public development objectives?’ It identifies three basic categories of business and development initiatives: increasing the overall level of business activity, addressing sustainability challenges and promoting business activities that are particular benefit to the poor. The paper considers three major challenges for maximising the contributions businesses to the achievement of development goals. The first is increasing the alignments between business and objectives and development objectives, and the paper considers both the different ways this can be achieved and when such alignments are overly difficult to achieve. The second is to prioritise interventions. When resources are scarce, it is essential to pursue interventions that have the biggest development impact. This implies choosing interventions with goals and approaches that are most likely to be successful; in so doing, examining issues of feasibility, effectiveness and efficiency. So that scarce resources are focused on the areas of greatest benefit. The third is to achieve scaling up and systemic change. There are many examples of business activities that have positive development impacts but which are being pursued at small‐scale and/or in quite specific geographical or sectoral contexts. How can such initiatives be up‐scaled, translated and/or replicated in order to enhance impacts on the poor in ways that endure beyond the specific interventions applied?
Reducing Child Undernutrition: Past Drivers and Priorities for the Post‐MDG Era
Authors: Smith Lisa , Haddad Lawrence 
Published: September 2014

SummaryAs the post‐MDG era approaches in 2016, reducing child undernutrition is gaining high priority on the international development agenda, both as a maker and marker of development. Revisiting Smith and Haddad (2000), we use data from 1970–2012 for 116 countries, finding that safe water and sanitation, women's education and empowerment, and the quantity and quality of food available in countries have been key drivers of past reductions in stunting. Income growth and governance played essential facilitating roles. Complementary to nutrition‐specific and nutrition‐sensitive programmes and policies, accelerating reductions in undernutrition in the future will require increased investment in these priority areas.
Climatically stable landscapes predict patterns of genetic structure and admixture in the Californian canyon live oak
Authors: Ortego Joaquín , Gugger Paul F. , Sork Victoria L. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAimWe studied which factors shape contemporary patterns of genetic structure, diversity and admixture in the canyon live oak (Quercus chrysolepis). Specifically, we tested two alternative hypotheses: (1) that areas with high habitat suitability and stability since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) sustain higher effective population sizes, resulting in increased levels of genetic diversity; and (2) that populations from areas with lower habitat stability show higher levels of genetic admixture due to their recurrent colonization by individuals originating from genetically differentiated populations. Furthermore, we analysed the relative importance of past and current habitat suitability and their additive effects on contemporary patterns of genetic structure.LocationCalifornia, USA.MethodsWe sampled 160 individuals from 33 localities across the distribution range of the canyon live oak in California and then combined information from 13 nuclear microsatellite DNA markers and climate niche modelling to study patterns of genetic variation in this species. We used Bayesian clustering analyses to analyse geographical patterns of genetic structure and admixture, and circuit theory to generate isolation‐by‐resistance (IBR) distance matrices.ResultsWe found that the degree of genetic admixture was higher in localities with lower inferred population stability, but that genetic diversity was not associated with habitat suitability or stability. Landscape genetic analyses identified habitat stability as the primary driver of population genetic differentiation.Main conclusionsThis study shows that habitat stability can be a major factor shaping genetic variation in wind‐pollinated trees and supports the idea that stable regions contribute to genetic connectivity across different climatic periods. To our knowledge, this study is the first to report an association between patterns of genetic admixture and stability of local habitat.
Plasma Renin Activity and Its Association With Ischemic Heart Disease, Congestive Heart Failure, and Cerebrovascular Disease in a Large Hypertensive Cohort
Authors: Sim John J. , Shi Jiaxiao , Al‐Moomen Rushdy , Behayaa Hind , Kalantar‐Zadeh Kamyar , Jacobsen Steven J. 
Published: September 2014

Plasma renin activity (PRA) may be a surrogate for vascular damage. The authors hypothesize that PRA is associated with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease (CED). A cross‐sectional study (January 1, 1998, to December 31, 2009) was performed on hypertensive individuals 18 years and older using multivariable logistic regression models to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for ischemic heart disease (IHD), congestive heart failure (CHF), and CED based on PRA quartiles controlling for age, sex, race, diabetes mellitus (DM), and medication use. Among 7887 individuals (60% women; 34% whites, 23% blacks, and 19% Hispanics; and 29% with DM), the adjusted ORs (95% CI) for IHD were 0.94 (0.80–1.10), 1.09 (0.92–1.29), and 1.18 (1.00–1.39); for CHF were 1.23 (0.99–1.53), 1.27 (1.01–1.61), and 1.41 (1.13–1.77); and for CED were 0.95 (0.78–1.17), 0.77 (0.61–0.97), and 0.97 (0.78–1.20) for the second, third, and fourth quartiles compared with the first quartile. Higher PRA was associated with greater likelihood for prevalent IHD and CHF but not CED in this large ethnically diverse population of hypertensive individuals.
Retaining or replacing molars with furcation involvement: a cost‐effectiveness comparison of different strategies
Authors: Schwendicke Falk , Graetz Christian , Stolpe Michael , Dörfer Christof Edmund 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAimThe comparative cost‐effectiveness of retaining or replacing molars with furcation involvement (FI) remains unclear. We assessed the cost‐effectiveness of retaining FI molars via periodontal treatments versus replacing them via implant‐supported crowns (ISCs).MethodsUsing tooth‐level Markov models, we followed a molar with FI degree I or II/III in a 50‐year‐old patient over his lifetime. Tooth‐retaining periodontal treatments (scaling and root planing, flap debridement, root resection, guided‐tissue regeneration, tunnelling) were compared with tooth replacement using ISCs. We analysed costs, time until first re‐treatment and total time of tooth or implant retention. The model adopted a private payer perspective within German health care. Transition probabilities were calculated based on current evidence. Monte‐Carlo microsimulations were performed, and robustness of the model and effects of heterogeneity assessed using sensitivity analyses.ResultsDespite requiring re‐treatment later than other strategies, ISCs were the most costly therapy. Compared with most periodontal treatments, ISCs were retained for shorter time than natural teeth regardless of the degree of FI, the patients' age or risk profile (smoker/non‐smoker).ConclusionsBased on available data and within its limitations, our study indicates that retaining FI molars via periodontal treatments might be more cost‐effective than replacing them via ISCs. Changes in the underlying evidence or the setting might alter these results.
Quality of logistic regression reporting in studies of tooth survival after periodontal treatment
Authors: Faggion Clovis Mariano , Chambrone Leandro , Tu Yu‐Kang 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAimTo evaluate the quality of reporting of logistic regression models used to assess risk factors for tooth loss in patients who have received periodontal treatment.Materials/methodsThe PubMed, EMBASE, BIOSIS Citation Index, CINAHL, Web of Science, and LILACS electronic databases were searched up to 01 March 2014 to identify interventional longitudinal studies assessing risk factors for tooth loss after periodontal treatment. The reference lists of included studies were searched manually. No language restriction was applied to the search. Quality of reporting of logistic regression models was assessed using analytical and documentation criteria with a 15‐item checklist. Criteria were judged as met (adequately reported) or not met (not reported). All searches, selection, data extraction, and quality assessment were performed independently and in duplicate.ResultsOf 621 records initially retrieved, 24 articles were included in the analysis. Less than 30% of all 360 datapoints were met. “Coding of independent variables” was reported most frequently [n = 22 (83%) articles]. Criteria such as “internal and external validation of the model” were not met in any study assessed.ConclusionThe reporting of logistic regression models in studies assessing risk factors for tooth loss in patients who have received periodontal treatment is not optimal.
Predictors of protein‐energy wasting in haemodialysis patients: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Ruperto M. , Sánchez‐Muniz F. J. , Barril G. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackgroundProtein‐energy wasting (PEW) is a highly prevalent condition in haemodialysis patients (HD). The potential usefulness of nutritional‐inflammatory markers in the diagnosis of PEW in chronic kidney disease has not been established completely. We hypothesised that a combination of serum albumin, percentage of mid‐arm muscle circumference and standard body weight comprises a better discriminator than either single marker of nutritional status in HD patients.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was performed in 80 HD patients. Patients were categorised in two groups: well‐nourished and PEW. Logistic regression analysis was applied to corroborate the reliability of the three markers of PEW with all the nutritional‐inflammatory markers analysed.ResultsPEW was identified in 52.5% of HD patients. Compared with the well‐nourished patients, PEW patients had lower body mass index, serum pre‐albumin and body cell mass (all P < 0.001) and higher C‐reactive protein (s‐CRP) (P < 0.01). Logistic regression analyses showed that the combination of the three criteria were significantly related with s‐CRP >1 mg dL−1, phase angle <4°, and serum pre‐albumin <30 mg dL−1 (all P < 0.05). Other indicators, such as lymphocytes <20% and Charlson comorbidity index, were significantly involved (both P < 0.01). A receiver operating characteristic curve (area under the curve) of 0.86 (P < 0.001) was found.ConclusionsThe combined utilisation of serum albumin, percentage of mid‐arm muscle circumference and standard body weight as PEW markers appears to be useful for nutritional‐inflammatory status assessment and adds predictive value to the traditional indicators. Larger studies are needed to achieve the reliability of these predictor combinations and their cut‐off values in HD patients and other populations.
COB231 targets amyloid plaques in post‐mortem human brain tissue and in an Alzheimer mouse model
Authors: Garin Dominique , Virgone‐Carlotta Angélique , Gözel Bülent , Oukhatar Fatima , Perret Pascale , Marti‐Battle Danièle , Touret Monique , Millet Philippe , Dubois‐Dauphin Michel , Meyronet David , Streichenberger Nathalie , Laferla Frank M. , Demeunynck Martine , Chierici Sabine , Sallanon Marcelle Moulin , Ghezzi Catherine 
Published: September 2014

AbstractPrevious works have shown the interest of naturally fluorescent proflavine derivatives to label Abeta deposits in vitro. This study aimed to further characterize the properties of the proflavine 3‐acetylamino‐6‐[3‐(propargylamino)propanoyl]aminoacridine (COB231) derivative as a probe. This compound was therefore evaluated on human post‐mortem and mice brain slices and in vivo in 18‐month‐old triple transgenic mice APPswe, PS1M146V and tauP301L (3xTgAD) mice presenting the main characteristics of Alzheimer's disease (AD). COB231 labelled amyloid plaques on brain slices of AD patients, and 3xTgAD mice at 10 and 0.1 μM respectively. However, no labelling of the neurofibrillary tangle‐rich areas was observed either at high concentration or in the brain of fronto‐temporal dementia patients. The specificity of this mapping was attested in mice using Thioflavin S and IMPY as positive controls of amyloid deposits. After intravenous injection of COB231 in old 3xTgAD mice, fluorescent amyloid plaques were detected in the cortex and hippocampus, demonstrating COB231 blood–brain barrier permeability. We also controlled the cellular localization of COB231 on primary neuronal cultures and showed that COB231 accumulates into the cytoplasm and not into the nucleus. Finally, using a viability assay, we only detected a slight cytotoxic effect of COB231 (< 10%) for the highest concentration (100 μM).
image
Previous work has shown that naturally fluorescent proflavine derivatives label Abeta plaques. Our aim was to further characterize the properties of one of them: 3‐acetylamino‐6‐[3‐(propargylamino) propanoyl]aminoacridine (COB231). We demonstrated the Abeta deposit binding properties of COB231 in vitro on Alzheimer (AD) patient brain slices (see image showing COB231 labelling of Abeta deposits), and in vivo in an AD mice model. These results are particularly attractive with regard to the flexible chemistry of COB231 that allows further radiolabelling for in vivo imaging or combination with a therapeutic agent targeting Abeta aggregates.