bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of vascular factors on language localization in the superior temporal sulcus
Authors: Wilson Stephen M. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe left superior temporal sulcus (STS) has been shown in numerous functional imaging studies to be a critical region for language processing, as it is reliably activated when language comprehension is compared with acoustically matched control conditions. Studies in non‐human primates have demonstrated several subdivisions in the STS, yet the precise region(s) within the STS that are important for language remain unclear, in large part because the presence of draining veins in the sulcus makes it difficult to determine whether neural activity is localized to the dorsal or ventral bank of the sulcus. We used functional MRI to localize language regions, and then acquired several additional sequences in order to account for the impact of vascular factors. A breath‐holding task was used to induce hypercapnia in order to normalize voxel‐wise differences in blood oxygen level‐dependent (BOLD) responsivity, and veins were identified on susceptibility‐weighted and T2*‐weighted BOLD images, and masked out. We found that the precise locations of language areas in individual participants were strongly influenced by vascular factors, but that these vascular effects could be ameliorated by hypercapnic normalization and vein masking. After these corrections were applied, the majority of regions activated by language processing were localized to the dorsal bank of the STS. Hum Brain Mapp 35:4049–4063, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Co‐morbidity in persistent opioid users with chronic non‐malignant pain in Norway
Authors: Mellbye A. , Karlstad Ø. , Skurtveit S. , Borchgrevink P.C. , Fredheim O.M.S. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundIn patients with chronic non‐malignant pain (CNMP), co‐morbid physical or mental health disorders are common and may have a negative impact on health‐related quality of life and treatment outcomes. The purpose of this study was to examine the occurrence of chronic psychiatric and somatic diseases in persistent opioid users with CNMP compared with the general population in Norway.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, prescription patterns of dispensed opioids were used to identify a study population of persistent opioid users with CNMP from the general population. Reimbursed prescriptions marked with diagnostic codes were used to identify the occurrence of 21 somatic and 3 psychiatric diseases for a 1‐year period in the Norwegian Prescription Database. Occurrence of disease in persistent opioid users was compared to an age‐ and gender‐specific population of all Norwegian residents aged 18–79 years in 2009. Standardized morbidity ratios (SMRs) for each disease were calculated.ResultsEighty‐five percent of the persistent opioid user population had at least one co‐morbid disease compared with 45% of the general population. Forty‐two percent had three or more co‐morbidities. SMRs in both men and women were generally increased except for dementia, glaucoma and renal disease, indicating a higher occurrence of disease in persistent opioid users.ConclusionsA higher occurrence of both somatic and psychiatric co‐morbidities in disease stages warranting pharmacological treatment was found in persistent opioid users with CNMP compared with the general population of Norway.
The Potential Economic Benefits of Improved Postfracture Care: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of a Fracture Liaison Service in the US Health-Care System
Authors: Solomon Daniel H , Patrick Amanda R , Schousboe John , Losina Elena 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT

Fractures related to osteoporosis are associated with $20 billion in cost in the United States, with the majority of cost born by federal health-care programs, such as Medicare and Medicaid. Despite the proven fracture reduction benefits of several osteoporosis treatments, less than one-quarter of patients older than 65 years of age who fracture receive such care. A postfracture liaison service (FLS) has been developed in many health systems but has not been widely implemented in the United States. We developed a Markov state-transition computer simulation model to assess the cost-effectiveness of an FLS using a health-care system perspective. Using the model, we projected the lifetime costs and benefits of FLS, with or without a bone mineral density test, in men and women who had experienced a hip fracture. We estimated the costs and benefits of an FLS, the probabilities of refracture while on osteoporosis treatment, as well as the utilities associated with various health states from published literature. We used multi-way sensitivity analyses to examine impact of uncertainty in input parameters on cost-effectiveness of FLS. The model estimates that an FLS would result in 153 fewer fractures (109 hip, 5 wrist, 21 spine, 17 other), 37.43 more quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), and save $66,879 compared with typical postfracture care per every 10,000 postfracture patients. Doubling the cost of the FLS resulted in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of $22,993 per QALY. The sensitivity analyses showed that results were robust to plausible ranges of input parameters; assuming the least favorable values of each of the major input parameters results in an ICER of $112,877 per QALY. An FLS targeting patients post-hip fracture should result in cost savings and reduced fractures under most scenarios. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Preparation and Characterization of Transparent and UV‐Shielding Epoxy/SR‐494/APTMS/ZnO Nanocomposites with High Heat Resistance and Anti‐Static Properties
Authors: Cheng Pao‐Swu , Zeng Kuen‐Mao , Chen Jung‐Hui 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis research is to develop transparent and UV‐shielding Epoxy/SR‐494/APTMS/ZnO nanocomposite materials with high heat resistant and anti‐static properties. Firstly, the APTMS (3‐(acryloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane) performs the silanol intermediates by hydrolysis in pH 4∼5 acid solution. The inorganic anti‐static fillers of powder ZnO can be successfully coupled and crosslinked to Epoxy/SR‐494 organic matrixes with these silanols of APTMS coupling agents. The remained active ‐OH functional groups of the APTMS/ZnO complexes can network bonding with epoxy prepolymers. Therefore, the Epoxy/APTMS/ZnO complexes with good anti‐static composites will be successfully prepared. Finally, in order to improve the thermal resistant and mechanical properties, the polyfunctionalized SR‐494 (pentaery‐thritol tetracrylate) acrylate monomers and the Epoxy/APTMS/ZnO composites are chain polymerized to form an excellent cross‐linking structure of organic/inorganic nanocomposites.The chemical bonding formation and the best weight contents of reaction components are identified by FT‐IR spectra. The thermal resistance, transparence, surface electric resistance, and hardness of these nanocomposites are measured by TGA, DSC, UV‐Visible, surface resistant meter, and pencil hardness tester respectively. Experimental results show that these nanocomposites have 90% transmittance and the best Td value is 389.3 °C which is 109.0 °C and 78.6 °C higher than those of pure epoxy resin and pure SR‐494 acrylate resin respectively. The glass transition temperature is not detected below 200 °C. The surface electric resistances of Epoxy/SR‐494/APTMS/ZnO hybrid thin films are decreased from 3.14 × 1013 to 5.13 × 107 Ω/cm2. The hardness of these nanocomposites is as high as 8H, and those hybrid films have high UV‐shielding properties. The morphology structures of the hybrid thin films are estimated by SEM. The results show that the optical thin films are evenly distributed with inorganic colloidal particles and the average particle size of these nanocomposites is 45∼80 nm, while the powder ZnO (particle size: 2∼5 μm) was used as inorganic filler.
1,6‐Dinitroperylene Bisimide Dyes: Synthesis, Characterization and Photophysical Properties
Authors: Chang Che‐Wei , Tsai Hsing‐Yang , Chen Kew‐Yu 
Published: January 2014

Abstract1,6‐ and 1,7‐regioisomers of dinitro‐substituted perylene bisimides (1a—1b and 2a—2b) were synthesized under mild condition in high yields. The 1,6‐ and 1,7‐regioisomers were successfully isolated from the regioisomeric mixture using conventional methods of separation and subsequently characterized by 500 MHz 1H NMR spectroscopy. This is the first time when 1,6‐dinitroperylene bisimides (1a—1b) are obtained in pure form. Furthermore, the photophysical and electrochemical properties of 1 and 2 were found to be almost the same. The nitro functionalities provide stability of n‐type charge carriers by lowering the LUMO to resist ambient oxidation, which may offer potential applications in air‐stable n‐type organic semiconductors.
Population pharmacokinetics of ofatumumab in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, follicular lymphoma, and rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Struemper Herbert , Sale Mark , Patel Bela R. , Østergaard Mikkel , Österborg Anders , Wierda William G. , Hagenbeek Anton , Coiffier Bertrand , Jewell Roxanne C. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractOfatumumab is a human monoclonal antibody directed at CD20 approved for treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The population pharmacokinetics of intravenous ofatumumab were characterized in patients with relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia, relapsed/refractory follicular lymphoma, and rheumatoid arthritis, diseases with widely varying CD20+ B‐cell counts in blood. Serum concentration data from a total of 477 patients who received ofatumumab doses ranging from 100 mg to 2000 mg in different dosing regimens were analyzed to determine the pharmacokinetic characteristics of ofatumumab across different patient groups and to identify factors contributing to the pharmacokinetic variability. Ofatumumab pharmacokinetics were well described by a linear two‐compartment model component to represent non‐specific monoclonal antibody clearance from the central compartment interacting with a model component representing the target‐mediated clearance of ofatumumab by binding to CD20 expressed on B cells. The clearance (7.5 mL/h) and steady‐state volume of distribution (5.3 L) for the linear, non‐specific component were consistent with results obtained for other monoclonal antibodies. The target‐mediated clearance component was related to the disease‐specific number of circulating B cells, which will allow simulation of the contribution of target‐mediated clearance to ofatumumab pharmacokinetics in untested disease states with data on B‐cell counts and turnover.
Subcritical hydrolysis and characterization of waste proteinaceous biomass for value added applications
Authors: Mekonnen Tizazu H. , Mussone Paolo G. , El‐Thaher Nayef , Choi Phillip , Bressler David C. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDAs a result of the bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) emergence, certain tissues of cattle are categorized as specified risk material (SRM) and completely banned from their traditional applications as an ingredient in animal feed, pet food, or fertilizer applications. The goal of this study was to investigate the hydrolysis of such hazardous proteinacious biomass and extract a safe proteinacious fraction to produce industrial feedstock for value‐added applications.RESULTSThe SRM was hydrolyzed at subcritical temperatures of 180, 200, 220, 240, and 260 °C for 40 min according to government‐approved protocols. The recovery and cleavage of proteins and lipids, the generation and degradation of free and total amino acids, and the generation of organic acids were studied and found to be temperature‐dependent. The yield of the hydrolyzed and recovered proteinacious fractions varied between 71.6 and 87.6% by weight of the original protein content in the SRM. The molecular size was also significantly dependent on the hydrolysis temperature.CONCLUSIONThe valorization of an otherwise waste SRM by subcritical hydrolysis and recovery techniques resulted in protein hydrolyzates suitable for bio‐based chemicals and materials applications. The increase of temperature resulted in higher degrees of hydrolysis as shown by the smaller molecular size of hydrolyzed proteins. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Comparison of carotid artery dimensions and lesion length measured by B‐mode ultrasonography and quantitative angiography in patients with severe stenosis undergoing percutaneous revascularization
Authors: Harmon Laura , Boccalandro Fernando 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTBackgroundTo evaluate the correlation and agreement of the carotid artery landmarks necessary for carotid artery stenting obtained by B‐mode ultrasonography (BMU), and by quantitative angiography (QCA) in patients with severe carotid artery stenosis.MethodsIn 75 patients undergoing carotid artery stenting, the distal common (CCA), proximal internal (ICA) carotid artery diameter, and lesion length were measured preoperatively by BMU, and intraoperatively by QCA.ResultsIn 96% of the subjects, BMU imaging was adequate for interpretation. BMU and QCA Pearson correlation and Lin concordance coefficients were 0.75 (p < 0.001) and 0.959 (95% CI: 0.930 – 0.996), respectively, for CCA diameter, 0.88 (p < 0.001) and 0.954 (95% CI: 0.928‐0.983), respectively, for ICA diameter, and 0.62 (p < 0.001) and 0.734 (95% CI: 0.719‐0.760), respectively, for lesion length, with a 0.765 bias correction factor and a wider data scatter by Bland Altman plots showing shorter lesion length by BMU than by QCA.ConclusionsIn patients with carotid artery stenosis, BMU can provide reliable distal CCA and proximal ICA diameters in comparison with QCA, whereas lesion length measured by BMU has an acceptable correlation, but a poor agreement with QCA. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 42:270–276, 2014
MRI demonstrates a decrease in myocardial infarct healing and increase in compensatory ventricular hypertrophy following mechanical microvascular obstruction
Authors: Bajwa Hisham Z. , Do Loi , Suhail Mohammed , Hetts Steven W. , Wilson Mark W. , Saeed Maythem 
Published: January 2014

PurposeTo provide direct evidence that mechanical obstruction of microvessels inhibits infarct resorption (healing) and enhances left ventricular (LV) remodeling using MRI.Materials and MethodsAnimals (n = 20 pigs) served as controls (group I) or were subjected to either 90 min left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery occlusion/reperfusion (group II) or 90 min LAD occlusion/ microemboli delivery/reperfusion (group III). MRI (cine and delayed contrast enhanced MRI, DE‐MRI) was performed at 3 days and 5 weeks after interventions and used for assessing LV function, mass, and extent of myocardial damage and microvascular obstruction (MVO) using semi‐automated threshold method.ResultsPersistent MVO in the core of contiguous infarct was larger and more frequent (n = 8/8) in group III than group II (4/8) on DE‐MRI at 3 days. Furthermore, patchy microinfarct, as a result of microembolization, was visible as hyperenhanced zone at the borders of the contiguous infarct. The reduction in ejection fraction and increase in LV volumes on cine MRI were greater in group III than group II at 3 days and 5 weeks, which may be attributed to the slow infarct resorption, MVO extents and patchy microinfarct at the borders.ConclusionThis MRI study illustrates the recently raised conjecture that MVO delays/inhibits infarct resorption (healing), accentuates LV hypertrophy and pathological remodeling. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;40:906–914. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Whole‐body MRI‐based fat quantification: A comparison to air displacement plethysmography
Authors: Ludwig Ute A. , Klausmann Florian , Baumann Sandra , Honal Matthias , Hövener Jan‐Bernd , König Daniel , Deibert Peter , Büchert Martin 
Published: January 2014

PurposeTo demonstrate the feasibility of an algorithm for MRI whole‐body quantification of internal and subcutaneous fat and quantitative comparison of total adipose tissue to air displacement plethysmography (ADP).Materials and MethodsFor comparison with ADP, whole‐body MR data of 11 volunteers were obtained using a continuously moving table Dixon sequence. Resulting fat images were corrected for B1 related intensity inhomogeneities before fat segmentation.ResultsThe performed MR measurements of the whole body provided a direct comparison to ADP measurements. The segmentation of subcutaneous and internal fat in the abdomen worked reliably with an accuracy of 98%. Depending on the underlying model for fat quantification, the resultant MR fat masses represent an upper and a lower limit for the true fat masses. In comparison to ADP, the results were in good agreement with ρ ≥0.97, P < 0.0001.ConclusionWhole‐body fat quantities derived noninvasively by using a continuously moving table Dixon acquisition were directly compared with ADP. The accuracy of the method and the high reproducibility of results indicate its potential for clinical applications. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;40:1437–1444. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Studies on the preparative isolation and stability of seven main anthocyanins from Yan 73 grape
Authors: Tang Ke , Li Yang , Han Yehui , Han Fuliang , Li Jiming , Nie Yao , Xu Yan 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBACKROUNDSeven anthocyanin monomers of Yan 73 grape were separated using preparative HPLC and identified by UPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS. The stabilities of the seven isolated anthocyanins to light, temperature and pH were also investigated.RESULTSSeven anthocyanin monomers were successfully isolated with an Xbridge Prep C18 column on a preparative scale. The pigments delphinidin‐3‐O‐glucoside, malvidin‐3‐O‐acetylglucoside and malvidin‐3‐O‐coumarylglucoside were yielded in a one‐step separation by preparative HPLC, with purities up to 99.9%, 91.7% and 95.5%, respectively. The pigments cyanidin‐3‐O‐glucoside, petunidin‐3‐O‐glucoside, peonidin‐3‐O‐glucoside, and malvidin‐3‐O‐glucoside were further purified with another elution method and their purities were all improved up to 99.9%. Monomeric anthocyanin degradation fitted a first‐order reaction model. The seven isolated anthocyanins were significantly more stable in the dark than under light. High temperature was also unfavourable for the stability of anthocyanins. The anthocyanins were more stable at lower pH than at higher pH. In addition, among these anthocyanins, delphinidin‐3‐O‐glucoside, malvidin‐3‐O‐acetylglucoside and malvidin‐3‐O‐coumarylglucoside were more susceptible to light, heat, and pH than the others.CONCLUSIONA simple and clean isolation method of seven anthocyanin monomers from Yan 73 grape was established. The stabilities of the seven anthocyanin monomers to light, temperature and pH were different, but the trends in changes were similar. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Lactobacillus brevisOPK‐3 isolated from kimchi inhibits adipogenesis and exerts anti‐inflammation in 3T3‐L1 adipocyte
Authors: Park Jeong‐Eun , Oh Suk‐Heung , Cha Youn‐Soo 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDKimchi is a traditional fermented food in Korea that contains various unique microorganisms. Diverse bacteria are involved in the process of Kimchi fermentation and the healthful advantages; one of the major species is Lactobacillus. We investigated whether lactic acid bacteria isolated from Kimchi (KLAB) are capable of reducing intracellular lipid accumulation by downregulating the expression of adipogenesis and lipogenesis promoting genes in differentiating 3T3‐L1 cells.RESULTSKLAB (Lactobacillus brevis OPK‐3) mediated dose‐dependent inhibition of adipocyte differentiation, intracellular triglyceride accumulation and glycerol‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) activity. The expression of transcription factors such as peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ and CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein α involved in adipogenesis was markedly decreased by the KLAB treatment. Terminal adipogenic marker, e.g. adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (aP2), lipoprotein lipase, liver X receptor α, leptin and GPDH were significantly downregulated by KLAB treatment compared to untreated control. Moreover, cytokine genes, such as tumor necrosis factor‐α and interleukin‐6 mRNA expressions level were also decreased, whereas adiponectin mRNA level was upregulated by KLAB.CONCLUSIONThese results suggest that the KLAB inhibits lipid accumulation in the differentiating adipocyte through downregulating the expression of adipogenic transcription factors and other specific genes involved in lipid metabolism. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
The Ascent of Lithuanian Lasers
Authors: Vengris Mikas 
Published: January 2014

AbstractLasers in Lithuania are a source of considerable pride and are often presented as a success story. How did it happen that a small country without obvious reasons to succeed in a knowledge‐intense field of lasers and laser applications has become a player equal with the laser industry giants from the USA, Germany, France and other developed countries (Fig. 1)? Here is an insider look into the circumstances and factors that have determined the success of Lithuanian laser industry.
Amphiphilic Poly(N‐vinyl acetamide) Gels Strengthened with Swelling Solvent
Authors: Takemoto Yukie , Ajiro Hiroharu , Akashi Mitsuru 
Published: January 2014

Improving fragility is important for the practical application of gels. In this study, the mechanical strength of gels composed of poly(N‐vinyl acetamide) (PNVA) and glycols is investigated focusing on the retained solvent in the gels. The solvent for the PNVA hydrogel is adequately replaced by various glycols. Using poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) with molecular weights of 400 or 600 g mol−1, the compressive strength of the gel is dramatically enhanced to approximately 10 MPa while that of hydrogel is 0.2 MPa. This is because of solvent viscosity, interaction between PEG and PNVA, and the favorable aggregation of the PNVA. From FTIR spectroscopy investigations, the absorption bands of the carbonyl and amino groups of PNVA gels with PEG400 are shifted as compared with PNVA gels in water, suggesting hydrogen bond formation.
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Study on Unsteady Combustion Behaviors of AP/HTPB Base‐Bleed Propellants under Transient Depressurization Conditions
Authors: Yu Yong‐Gang , Zhou Yan‐Huang , Lu Chun‐Yi , Xue Xiao‐Chun 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAs the base‐bleed projectile flies out of the muzzle, the environmental pressure in the base‐bleed combustion chamber suddenly decreases and AP/HTPB base‐bleed propellant suffers intense unsteady combustion. To further study the unsteady combustion characteristics of base‐bleed propellants, a semi‐closed bomb as was designed experimental device and transient depressurization conditions of the muzzle were simulated. Measurements of the transient combustion characteristics of the base‐bleed propellant under high depressurization rate were carried out by using a high speed digital camera system. In the experiments, the combustion chamber pressure of the semi‐closed bomb was controlled from 20 to 90 MPa and the depressurization rate was controlled from 400 to1.12×104 MPa s−1. The experimental results indicate that, the out‐of‐phase blowing effect is intense under rapid depressurization condition, leading to the reaction layer thickened. The thermal feedback to the solid surface decreases and thus the combustion reaction of gas phase is so difficult to maintain that it begins to extinguish. However, the thermal decomposition of the solid phase is still continuing and a yellow fog can be observed above the combustion chamber nozzle. Depending on the maximum pressure in the combustion chamber and depressurization rate, the transient combustion behavior of AP/HTPB base‐bleed propellant displays three patterns, i.e., automatic reignition, oscillating combustion (a critical type) and permanent extinguishment. Three unsteady combustion behaviors are preliminarily analyzed based on the thermal feedback. If the initial pressure in the combustion chamber before depressurization is larger or the depressurization rate is smaller, the base‐bleed propellant tends to automatically reignite earlier and the combustion process is more stable.