bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome-wide analysis captures the determinants of the antibiotic cross-resistance interaction network
Authors: Lázár Viktória , Nagy István , Spohn Réka , Csörgő Bálint , Györkei Ádám , Nyerges Ákos , Horváth Balázs , Vörös Andrea , Busa-Fekete Róbert , Hrtyan Mónika , Bogos Balázs , Méhi Orsolya , Fekete Gergely , Szappanos Balázs , Kégl Balázs , Papp Balázs , Pál Csaba 
Published: July 2014

AbstractUnderstanding how evolution of antimicrobial resistance increases resistance to other drugs is a challenge of profound importance. By combining experimental evolution and genome sequencing of 63 laboratory-evolved lines, we charted a map of cross-resistance interactions between antibiotics in Escherichia coli, and explored the driving evolutionary principles. Here, we show that (1) convergent molecular evolution is prevalent across antibiotic treatments, (2) resistance conferring mutations simultaneously enhance sensitivity to many other drugs and (3) 27% of the accumulated mutations generate proteins with compromised activities, suggesting that antibiotic adaptation can partly be achieved without gain of novel function. By using knowledge on antibiotic properties, we examined the determinants of cross-resistance and identified chemogenomic profile similarity between antibiotics as the strongest predictor. In contrast, cross-resistance between two antibiotics is independent of whether they show synergistic effects in combination. These results have important implications on the development of novel antimicrobial strategies.
Neural correlates of auditory streaming in an objective behavioral task
Authors: Itatani Naoya , Klump Georg M. 
Published: July 2014

Significance
When we listen in the real world, we often segregate sounds into different streams based on their acoustical features. This “auditory streaming” allows us to individuate and separately process sounds from different sources, like different voices at a cocktail party. In the present study we investigated the neuronal mechanism of streaming in a songbird while it performed a sound discrimination task that gave us an objective measure of the streamed percept. The study revealed that the songbirds' primary auditory forebrain area represents stimulus features with a high sensitivity that reflects the birds' ability for streaming. However, the bird's perceptual decisions about streamed sounds are not reflected in the neuronal responses in this auditory area, a result consistent with evidence obtained in earlier non-invasive studies on auditory streaming in human listeners.
Prepaying the entropic cost for allosteric regulation in KIX
Authors: Law Sean M. , Gagnon Jessica K. , Mapp Anna K. , Brooks Charles L. 
Published: July 2014

Significance
Understanding how proteins are regulated through the binding of an effector molecule at a nonoverlapping site is a central problem in protein allostery. However, connecting the changes in structural dynamics to changes in the binding affinity can be challenging. Here, we investigate the allosteric mechanism involving a promiscuous protein that serves as a hub for a variety of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs). By using a coarse-grained model to simulate the interactions between the protein and two IDPs, we were able to recapitulate experimental binding affinities, capture relevant structural dynamics, and provide a thermodynamic and kinetic description of the allosteric mechanism. It is presumable that the features identified in this allosteric mechanism are conserved between the central protein and other IDPs.
Genetic diversity along the life cycle of the cyanobacterium Microcystis: highlight on the complexity of benthic and planktonic interactions
Authors: Sabart Marion , Misson Benjamin , Jobard Marlène , Bronner Gisèle , Donnadieu‐Bernard Florence , Duffaud Emilie , Salençon Marie‐José , Amblard Christian , Latour Delphine 
Published: July 2014

SummaryMicrocystis is a toxic freshwater cyanobacterium with an annual life cycle characterized by the alternation of a planktonic proliferation stage in summer and a benthic resting stage in winter. Given the importance of both stages for the development and the survival of the population, we investigated the genotypic composition of the planktonic and benthic Microcystis subpopulations from the Grangent reservoir (France) during two distinct proliferation periods. Our results showed a succession of different dominant genotypes in the sediment as well as in the water all along the study periods with some common genotypes to both compartments. Analysis of molecular variance and UniFrac analysis confirmed the similarity between some benthic and planktonic samples, thus evidencing exchanges of genotypes between water and sediment. Thanks to these data, recruitment and sedimentation were proven not to be restricted to spring and autumn, contrary to what was previously thought. Finally, genetic diversity was significantly higher in the sediment than in the water (P < 0.01; Student's t‐test). Taken together, our results shed light on the hidden contribution of the benthic compartment in maintaining the genetic diversity of Microcystis populations throughout their annual cycle, which could explain their ecological success in aquatic ecosystems.
Wearable computing: Will it make people prosocial?
Authors: Nasiopoulos Eleni , Risko Evan F. , Foulsham Tom , Kingstone Alan 
Published: July 2014

We recently reported that people who wear an eye tracker modify their natural looking behaviour in a prosocial manner. This change in looking behaviour represents a potential concern for researchers who wish to use eye trackers to understand the functioning of human attention. On the other hand, it may offer a real boon to manufacturers and consumers of wearable computing (e.g., Google Glass), for if wearable computing causes people to behave in a prosocial manner, then the public's fear that people with wearable computing will invade their privacy is unfounded. Critically, both of these divergent implications are grounded on the assumption that the prosocial behavioural effect of wearing an eye tracker is sustained for a prolonged period of time. Our study reveals that on the very first wearing of an eye tracker, and in less than 10 min, the prosocial effect of an eye tracker is abolished, but by drawing attention back to the eye tracker, the implied presence effect is easily reactivated. This suggests that eye trackers induce a transient social presence effect, which is rendered dormant when attention is shifted away from the source of implied presence. This is good news for researchers who use eye trackers to measure attention and behaviour; and could be bad news for advocates of wearable computing in everyday life.
SIRPB1 copy‐number polymorphism as candidate quantitative trait locus for impulsive‐disinhibited personality
Authors: Laplana M. , Royo J. L. , García L. F. , Aluja A. , Gomez‐Skarmeta J. L. , Fibla J. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractImpulsive‐disinhibited personality (IDP) is a behavioral trait mainly characterized by seeking immediate gratification at the expense of more enduring or long‐term gains. This trait has a major role in the development of several disinhibitory behaviors and syndromes, including psychopathy, attention‐deficit and hyperactivity disorder, cluster‐B personality disorders, criminality and alcoholism. Available data consistently support a strong heritable component, accounting for 30–60% of the observed variance in personality traits. A genome‐wide analysis of copy‐number variants was designed to identify novel genetic pathways associated with the IDP trait, using a series of 261 male participants with maximized opposite IDP scores. Quantitative trait locus analysis of candidate copy‐number variants (CNVs) was conducted across the entire IDP continuum. Functional effects of associated variants were evaluated in zebrafish embryos. A common CNV mapping to the immune‐related gene SIRPB1 was significantly associated with IDP scores in a dose‐dependent manner (β = −0.172, P < 0.017). Expression quantitative trait locus analysis of the critical region revealed higher SIRPB1 mRNA levels associated with the haplotype containing the deleted allele (P < 0.0007). Epigenetic marks highlighted the presence of two potential insulators within the deleted region, confirmed by functional assays in zebrafish embryos, which suggests that SIRPB1 expression rates are affected by the presence/absence of the insulator regions. Upregulation of SIRPB1 has been described in prefrontal cortex of patients with schizophrenia, providing a link between SIRPB1 and diseases involving disinhibition and failure to control impulsivity. We propose SIRPB1 as a novel candidate gene to account for phenotypic differences observed in the IDP trait.
‘Healthy on Hormones’: improving the experience of men with advanced prostate cancer
Authors: Fleure Louisa 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTLong‐term androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for advanced prostate cancer can result in significant and distressing side effects and longer‐term adverse metabolic effects. A seminar‐based service improvement initiative was developed to provide information and strategies to understand ADT, to manage side effects and to provide lifestyle advice regarding cardiovascular and bone issues. The seminars were evaluated with patient questionnaires and were positively received. This approach has proven to be a valuable tool in the care of this patient group.
A laboratory comparison between two liquid skin barrier products
Authors: Woo Kevin Y , Chakravarthy Debashish 
Published: July 2014

AbstractExposure of skin to friction and moisture is detrimental to skin health. The purpose of this experimental study was to investigate the ability of a cyanoacrylate polymer film to protect human skin against moisture and abrasion. A secondary purpose of this study was to compare this cyanoacrylate material to a traditional barrier film. Twelve healthy subjects participated in the wash‐off resistance test to determine the percentage of dye that was left on the skin after repeated washing. Ten subjects participated in the abrasion test. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) was measured before and after abrasion to determine the level of skin damage, as high water loss seen post‐abrasion is indicative of skin damage post‐abrasion. Skin treated with cyanoacrylate had significantly more dye remaining than sites treated with traditional film barrier or control sites. The change in TEWL was statistically lower for cyanoacrylate‐treated areas.
Solid‐State Synthesis and Properties of Relaxor (1−x)BKT–xBNZ Ceramics
Authors: Wefring Espen T. , Morozov Maxim I. , Einarsrud Mari‐Ann , Grande Tor 
Published: July 2014

Conventional solid‐state synthesis was used to synthesize dense and phase pure ceramics in the (1−x) Bi0.5K0.5TiO3–xBi0.5Na0.5ZrO3 (BKT–BNZ) system. Structural characterization was done using X‐ray diffraction at both room temperature and elevated temperatures, identifying a transition from tetragonal xBi0.5Na0.5ZrO3 (xBNZ, x = 0–0.10) to pseudo cubic xBNZ for x = 0.15–0.80. Dielectric properties were investigated with respect to both temperature (RT = 600°C) and frequency (1–106 Hz). Relaxor‐like behavior was retained for all the materials investigated, evident by the broadening of the relative dielectric permittivity peaks at transition temperatures as well as frequency dispersion at their maximum. The maximum dielectric constant at elevated temperature was found for 0.15 BNZ. Electric field‐induced strain and polarization response were also investigated for several compositions at RT and the largest field‐induced strain was observed for the 0.10 BNZ ceramics. The composition range with best performance coincides with the transition from tetragonal to cubic crystal structure.
Looking for coeliac disease in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Porter Jody A , MacKenzie Karen , Darlow Brian , Day Andrew S 
Published: July 2014

AimTo establish how clinicians in New Zealand (NZ) approach screening for and management of coeliac disease (CD) in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in their paediatric patients.MethodsAll clinicians caring for children under 15 years with T1DM in NZ in 2010 were asked to complete an online survey detailing their personal and departmental approach to diagnosing and managing patients with CD and T1DM.ResultsThirty‐four from 37 clinicians responded to the survey. Most clinicians in NZ have a protocol for screening for CD in T1DM, and 25/34 respondents will screen for CD at diagnosis of T1DM. Those who do not screen will use symptoms, growth and hypoglycaemia as indicators to test. All use anti‐tissue transglutaminase to screen for CD, and 32/34 use biopsy‐proven CD as a criterion for commencing gluten‐free diet (GFD). Nearly all consultants will still advise a GFD in symptom‐free CD and will try to encourage the patients to adopt a GFD if they initially decline.ConclusionsMost clinicians in NZ screen for CD, but there is a wide variation in practice.
Prevalence and correlates of firesetting behaviours among offending and non‐offending youth
Authors: Watt Bruce D. , Geritz Kerry , Hasan Tasneem , Harden Scott , Doley Rebekah 
Published: July 2014

PurposeAdolescents represent a disproportionate number of firesetters relative to their adult counterparts. There is limited understanding, however, in the differing rates of firelighting behaviours between subgroups of youth.MethodUtilizing the recently developed Youth Fire Behaviours and Interests Scale, the differences in firesetting behaviours between adolescents adjudicated as offenders and non‐offenders were evaluated. The associations for firesetting behaviours with antisocial behaviours and callous–unemotional traits (CUT) were examined utilizing items from the Antisocial Process Screening Device and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Participants were recruited across south‐east Queensland; young offenders on community orders or in a youth detention centre (n = 138), and adolescents from two private schools (n = 136).ResultsThe young offender sample reported significantly higher prevalence of having lit a fire (67.4%) compared to non‐offending youth (37.5%). Of concern, approximately one in five participants from both samples reported having lit 10 or more previous fires. Repeat firelighting behaviour in both samples was significantly predicted by history of antisocial behaviours, positive affect regarding fire, fire‐related interests, and preoccupation with fire. CUT had a complex association with firesetting that was only statistically significant after accounting for fire‐specific predictors. Findings from the current study are limited by the reliance on self‐report measures without verification from carers or other collateral sources.ConclusionInterventions for preventing adolescent firesetting should include appraisal of general antisocial actions and more specific fire‐interest characteristics. Further investigation of the association between CUT and firesetting is required before recommendations are proffered.
Strength and Ductility of High-Strength Concrete Cylinders Externally Confined with Steel Strapping Tensioning Technique (SSTT)
Authors: Lee Hoong-Pin , Awang Abdullah Zawawi , Omar Wahid 
Published: July 2014

This research study is to introduce and investigate an effective technique of external pre-tensioning using steel strapping (SSTT) to reduce the brittleness and enhance the ductility of high-strength concrete cylinders. Fifteen cylinders with dimension of 150 mm and 300 mm in diameter and height respectively were casted, pre-tensioned with two and four layers of steel strapping and tested to failure under uniaxial monotonic and cyclic compression. The behaviour of SSTT confined cylinders was studied through their stress-strain relationship upon the longitudinal deflection, transverse strain, mode of failure, confinement ratio, and existence of an envelope curve. It is experimentally proved that SSTT confinement do helps in controlling the brittleness problem of high-strength concrete and at the same time, enhancing both the concrete ductility and compressive strength up to 46.2 % and 112.5 % respectively. The envelope curve of uniaxial cyclic loading also coincides with the corresponding monotonic loading curve, regardless of any loading activity. The observed stress-strain relationship of confined cylinders with different confining ratios are compared with existing strength and strain models and a stress-strain prediction model, the result showed a linear relationship between the compressive strength and strain enhancement and confining ratio, with acceptable agreement between the prediction model.
Meramal Aliran Udara dan Keselesaan di dalam Masjid Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah Menggunakan Simulasi Komputer
Authors: Sarip Shamsul , Wan Hassan Mat Nawi 
Published: July 2014

A study on ventilation system using a two dimensional turbulence k-e model with the assumption that the fluid is incompressible and non-isothermal is presented. The purpose of this study is to predict the distribution of air velocity and temperature in main hall Masjid Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah in Shah Alam. When the airflow and temperature distribution have been predicted by the computer software FLUENT, the comfort level can easily be determined. Nine cases have been conducted to examine the effects of input air velocity, air velocity from the fan heli and fan air flow direction to the percentage of consumer dissatisfaction. Mixing characteristics of comfort have been analyzed under different air supply velocities, temperatures and fan velocities. The fan velocity directions involved two conditions which are the upwards and downwards directions. The results from the research in the form of air velocity and temperature distributions are important in determining the comfort level which is unsuitable for the user. It was found that cases of 3,4, 5, 6 and 7 show the effect of a very good comfort with the percentage of PPD between 10% to 20%. The location of heli fans also affects the impression of comfort in the main hall. The comfort level of this area can be improved by modifying the position and increasing the number of fans in the hall.
In Vivo
and
In Vitro
Binding of Vip3Aa to Spodoptera frugiperda Midgut and Characterization of Binding Sites by
125
I Radiolabeling
Authors: Chakroun Maissa , Ferré Juan 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT

Bacillus thuringiensis
vegetative insecticidal proteins (Vip3A) have been recently introduced in important crops as a strategy to delay the emerging resistance to the existing Cry toxins. The mode of action of Vip3A proteins has been studied in
Spodoptera frugiperda
with the aim of characterizing their binding to the insect midgut. Immunofluorescence histological localization of Vip3Aa in the midgut of intoxicated larvae showed that Vip3Aa bound to the brush border membrane along the entire apical surface. The presence of fluorescence in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells seems to suggest internalization of Vip3Aa or a fragment of it. Successful radiolabeling and optimization of the binding protocol for the
125
I-Vip3Aa to
S. frugiperda
brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV) allowed the determination of binding parameters of Vip3A proteins for the first time. Heterologous competition using Vip3Ad, Vip3Ae, and Vip3Af as competitor proteins showed that they share the same binding site with Vip3Aa. In contrast, when using Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac as competitors, no competitive binding was observed, which makes them appropriate candidates to be used in combination with Vip3A proteins in transgenic crops.
Plasma Vitamin D Concentration Influences Survival Outcome After a Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Zgaga Lina , Theodoratou Evropi , Farrington Susan M. , Din Farhat V.N. , Ooi Li Yin , Glodzik Dominik , Johnston Susan , Tenesa Albert , Campbell Harry , Dunlop Malcolm G. 
Published: July 2014

Purpose We investigated whether the plasma level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) after a diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) influences survival outcome. Patients and Methods We prospectively studied 1,598 patients with stage I to III CRC. We sought association between plasma 25-OHD and stage-specific survival and tested for interaction between 25-OHD level and variation at the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene locus. Blood was sampled postoperatively, and plasma was assayed for 25-OHD by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. VDR polymorphisms (rs1544410, rs10735810, rs7975232, rs11568820) were genotyped, and haplotypes were inferred by using BEAGLE software. We tested for association between survival and 25-OHD, VDR genotype/haplotype, and after applying a VDR genotype–25-OHD interaction term. We conducted Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs). Results We found strong associations between plasma 25-OHD concentration and CRC-specific (P = .008) and all-cause mortality (P = .003). Adjusted HRs were 0.68 (95% CI, 0.50 to 0.90) and 0.70 (95% CI, 0.55 to 0.89), respectively (highest v lowest 25-OHD tertile), particularly in stage II disease (HR, 0.44; P = .004 for CRC-specific mortality). We detected gene-environment interactions between 25-OHD concentration and rs11568820 genotype for CRC-specific (P = .008) and all-cause (P = .022) mortality, number of protective alleles (P = .004 and P = .018, respectively), and GAGC haplotype at the VDR locus for all-cause mortality (P = .008). Conclusion In patients with stage I to III CRC, postoperative plasma vitamin D is associated with clinically important differences in survival outcome, higher levels being associated with better outcome. We observed interactions between 25-OHD level and VDR genotype, suggesting a causal relationship between vitamin D and survival. The influence of vitamin D supplementation on CRC outcome will require further investigation.
Biased and Unbiased Estimates Based on Laser Scans of Surfaces with Unknown Deformations
Authors: Holst Christoph , Artz Thomas , Kuhlmann Heiner 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe estimates based on laser scans of surfaces with unknown deformations are biased and not reproducible when changing the scanning geometry. While the existence of a bias is only disadvantageous at some applications, non-reproducible estimates are never desired. Hence, this varying bias and its origin need to be investigated - since this situation has not been examined sufficiently in the literature. Analyzing this situation, the dependence of the estimation on the network configuration is highlighted: the network configuration - studied similarly to geodetic networks - rules about the impact of the deformation.As pointed out, this impact can be altered by manipulating the network configuration. Therefore, several strategies are proposed. These include manipulations of the leastsquares adjustment as well as robust estimation. It is revealed that the reproducibility of the estimates can indeed be significantly increased by some of the proposed leastsquares manipulations. However, the bias can only be significantly reduced by robust estimation.