bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Können Alkoholabhängige ihre Trinkmengen durch eine Kombination von Medikamenten und Kurzinterventionen dauerhaft reduzieren?
Authors: Mann Karl 
Published: February 2015

Hintergrund: Die traditionelle Behandlung von Alkoholabhängigen in Deutschland ist erfolgreich, allerdings nehmen sie nur rund 10 Prozent der Betroffenen wahr. Ein Grund hierfür liegt in der Forderung nach lebenslanger Abstinenz. Fragestellung: Es fragt sich daher, ob eine Erniedrigung dieser sehr hohen Eingangsschwelle zu einer stärkeren Nachfrage führt. Weiter ist zu fragen, ob alternative Angebote zum Beispiel mit dem Therapieziel der Konsumreduktion empirisch hinreichend belegt sind, um auch für den Bereich der Alkoholtherapie einen Schaden minimierenden Ansatz in Deutschland einzuführen. Ergebnisse: Eine amerikanische und eine englische Studie (Project MATCH und UKATT) belegen, dass mittels Psychotherapie eine Trinkmengenreduktion bei Alkoholabhängigen über längere Zeiträume möglich ist. Gleiches gilt für Medikamente wie zum Beispiel den Opioidmodulator Nalmefen. Bei rund 2400 in Europa behandelten Patienten zeigte sich ein stabiler Rückgang des Konsums bereits in der Kontrollgruppe (Kurzintervention plus Plazebo). Dieser Rückgang war signifikant stärker in der Gruppe ‚Nalmefen plus Kurzintervention‘. Die Substanz wurde von der europäischen Zulassungsbehörde (EMA) 2013 zugelassen und wurde 2014 in Deutschland eingeführt. Schlussfolgerungen: Im vorliegenden Positionspapier wird skizziert wie Alkoholabhängigen wesentlich schneller und in größerem Umfang als bisher Hilfen angeboten werden können. Damit ist die Hoffnung verbunden, dass sich Hausärzte zu einem stärkeren Engagement für Alkoholpatienten entschließen und so mehr Patienten für das Hilfesystem gewonnen werden.
Infants Discriminate Voicing and Place of Articulation With Reduced Spectral and Temporal Modulation Cues
Authors: Cabrera Laurianne , Lorenzi Christian , Bertoncini Josiane 
Published: February 2015

Purpose
This study assessed the role of spectro-temporal modulation cues in the discrimination of 2 phonetic contrasts (voicing and place) for young infants.

Method
A visual-habituation procedure was used to assess the ability of French-learning 6-month-old infants with normal hearing to discriminate voiced versus unvoiced (/aba/-/apa/) and labial versus dental (/aba/-/ada/) stop consonants. The stimuli were processed by tone-excited vocoders to degrade frequency-modulation cues while preserving: (a) amplitude-modulation (AM) cues within 32 analysis frequency bands, (b) slow AM cues only (<16 Hz) within 32 bands, and (c) AM cues within 8 bands.

Results
Infants exhibited discrimination responses for both phonetic contrasts in each processing condition. However, when fast AM cues were degraded, infants required a longer exposure to vocoded stimuli to reach the habituation criterion.

Conclusions
Altogether, these results indicate that the processing of modulation cues conveying phonetic information on voicing and place is “functional” at 6 months. The data also suggest that the perceptual weight of fast AM speech cues may change during development.
Balance of cellular and humoral immunity determines the level of protection by HIV vaccines in rhesus macaque models of HIV infection
Authors: Fouts Timothy R. , Bagley Kenneth , Prado Ilia J. , Bobb Kathryn L. , Schwartz Jennifer A. , Xu Rong , Zagursky Robert J. , Egan Michael A. , Eldridge John H. , LaBranche Celia C. , Montefiori David C. , Le Buanec Hélène , Zagury Daniel , Pal Ranajit , Pavlakis George N. , Felber Barbara K. , Franchini Genoveffa , Gordon Shari , Vaccari Monica , Lewis George K. , DeVico Anthony L. , Gallo Robert C. 
Published: February 2015

Significance
Our candidate HIV vaccine, a single-chain gp120-CD4 chimera, elicits protection against acquisition of simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV)/simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) in rhesus macaques. Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity was an inverse correlate of infection risk. However, it is attenuated when antigen-specific T-cell responses exceed a threshold, presumably due to the generation of CD4+ CCR5+ T cells, the preferred cellular targets of SHIV/SIV. Multiple studies strongly suggest that HIV/SIV-specific T-cell responses are a double-edged sword. On one hand, they are required for T-cell help in the protective antibody response. On the other hand, they appear to mitigate protection by creating new targets for viral replication. Determining the balance between protective antibody responses and attenuating T-cell responses is a key challenge confronting HIV vaccine development.
A trimming-and-retrieving alignment scheme for reduced representation bisulfite sequencing
Authors: Wang Xuefeng , Yu Xiaoqing , Zhu Wei , McCombie W. Richard , Antoniou Eric , Powers R. Scott , Davidson Nicholas O. , Li Ellen , Williams Jennie 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Summary: Currently available bisulfite sequencing tools frequently suffer from low mapping rates and low methylation calls, especially for data generated from the Illumina sequencer, NextSeq. Here, we introduce a sequential trimming-and-retrieving alignment approach for investigating DNA methylation patterns, which significantly improves the number of mapped reads and covered CpG sites. The method is implemented in an automated analysis toolkit for processing bisulfite sequencing reads.
Availability and implementation: http://mysbfiles.stonybrook.edu/~xuefenwang/software.html and https://github.com/xfwang/BStools.
Contact: xuefeng.wang@stonybrook.edu
Supplementary information: Supplementary materials are available at Bioinformatics online.
A cautionary note on using binary calls for analysis of DNA methylation
Authors: Prochenka Agnieszka , Pokarowski Piotr , Gasperowicz Piotr , Kosińska Joanna , Stawiński Piotr , Zbieć-Piekarska Renata , Spólnicka Magdalena , Branicki Wojciech , Płoski Rafał 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Contact: a.prochenka@phd.ipipan.waw.pl or rploski@wp.pl
Mobility-based prediction of hydration structures of protein surfaces
Authors: Jeszenői Norbert , Horváth István , Bálint Mónika , van der Spoel David , Hetényi Csaba 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Motivation: Hydration largely determines solubility, aggregation of proteins and influences interactions between proteins and drug molecules. Despite the importance of hydration, structural determination of hydration structure of protein surfaces is still challenging from both experimental and theoretical viewpoints. The precision of experimental measurements is often affected by fluctuations and mobility of water molecules resulting in uncertain assignment of water positions.
Results: Our method can utilize mobility as an information source for the prediction of hydration structure. The necessary information can be produced by molecular dynamics simulations accounting for all atomic interactions including water–water contacts. The predictions were validated and tested by comparison to more than 1500 crystallographic water positions in 20 hydrated protein molecules including enzymes of biomedical importance such as cyclin-dependent kinase 2. The agreement with experimental water positions was larger than 80% on average. The predictions can be particularly useful in situations where no or limited experimental knowledge is available on hydration structures of molecular surfaces.
Availability and implementation: The method is implemented in a standalone C program MobyWat released under the GNU General Public License, freely accessible with full documentation at http://www.mobywat.com.
Contact: csabahete@yahoo.com
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis and Hepatic Fibrosis in HIV-1–Monoinfected Adults With Elevated Aminotransferase Levels on Antiretroviral Therapy
Authors: Morse Caryn G. , McLaughlin Mary , Matthews Lindsay , Proschan Michael , Thomas Francine , Gharib Ahmed M. , Abu-Asab Mones , Orenstein Abigail , Engle Ronald E. , Hu Xiaojun , Lempicki Richard , Hadigan Colleen , Kleiner David E. , Heller Theo , Kovacs Joseph A. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Background.  Persistent aminotransferase elevations are common in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART), including those without hepatitis B or C coinfection, but their clinical significance is unknown.
Methods.  HIV-infected adults with aminotransferase levels elevated above the upper limit of normal for ≥6 months while receiving ART, and without chronic viral hepatitis or other known causes of chronic liver disease, underwent a detailed metabolic assessment and liver biopsy.
Results.  Sixty-two HIV-infected subjects completed the study. Forty (65%) had clinically significant liver pathology, including 34 (55%) with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and 11 (18%) with bridging fibrosis, 10 of whom also had NASH. Nonspecific abnormalities alone were seen in 22 (35%) subjects, including mild steatosis, mild to moderate inflammation, and evidence of drug adaptation. Insulin resistance, obesity, and the presence of either of 2 minor alleles in the PNPLA3 gene were significantly associated with increased risk of NASH and fibrosis. NASH and/or fibrosis were not associated with duration of HIV infection or ART, specific antiretroviral drugs, history of opportunistic infection, immune status, or duration of aminotransferase elevation.
Conclusions.  HIV-infected adults with chronic aminotransferase elevations while receiving ART have a high rate of liver disease. Noninvasive testing can help identify liver disease in such patients, but liver biopsy is necessary to definitively identify those at risk for liver disease progression and complications. Longitudinal follow-up of this cohort will better characterize the natural history of aminotransferase elevations in this population and identify noninvasive biomarkers of liver disease progression.
Summary statistics from training images as prior information in probabilistic inversion
Authors: Lochbühler Tobias , Vrugt Jasper A. , Sadegh Mojtaba , Linde Niklas 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA strategy is presented to incorporate prior information from conceptual geological models in probabilistic inversion of geophysical data. The conceptual geological models are represented by multiple-point statistics training images (TIs) featuring the expected lithological units and structural patterns. Information from an ensemble of TI realizations is used in two different ways. First, dominant modes are identified by analysis of the frequency content in the realizations, which drastically reduces the model parameter space in the frequency-amplitude domain. Second, the distributions of global, summary metrics (e.g. model roughness) are used to formulate a prior probability density function. The inverse problem is formulated in a Bayesian framework and the posterior pdf is sampled using Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation. The usefulness and applicability of this method is demonstrated on two case studies in which synthetic crosshole ground-penetrating radar traveltime data are inverted to recover 2-D porosity fields. The use of prior information from TIs significantly enhances the reliability of the posterior models by removing inversion artefacts and improving individual parameter estimates. The proposed methodology reduces the ambiguity inherent in the inversion of high-dimensional parameter spaces, accommodates a wide range of summary statistics and geophysical forward problems.
Natural antimicrobial peptides against Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Abedinzadeh Maria , Gaeini Mahdieh , Sardari Soroush 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
TB, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is one the leading infectious diseases worldwide. There is an urgent need to discover new drugs with unique structures and uncommon mechanisms of action to treat M. tuberculosis and combat antimycobacterial resistance. Naturally occurring compounds contain a wide diversity of chemical structures, displaying a wide range of in vitro potency towards M. tuberculosis. A number of recent studies have shown that natural antimycobacterial peptides can disrupt the function of the mycobacterial cell wall through different modes of action and thereafter interact with intracellular targets, including nucleic acids, enzymes and even organelles. More importantly, the probability of antimycobacterial resistance is low. This review presents several natural antimicrobial peptides isolated from different organism sources, including bacteria, fungi, plants and animals. In addition, the molecular features of these molecules are the subject of much attention. Such peptides have common traits among their chemical features, which may be correlated with their biological activities; hence, different parts of the molecular structures can be modified in order to increase penetration into the target cells. This review also summarizes the available information on the properties of antimycobacterial peptides associated with their biological activities.
Colonization with Enterobacteriaceae producing ESBLs in children attending pre-school childcare facilities in the Lao People's Democratic Republic
Authors: Stoesser Nicole , Xayaheuang Sivilay , Vongsouvath Manivanh , Phommasone Koukeo , Elliott Ivo , del Ojo Elias Carlos , Crook Derrick W. , Newton Paul N. , Buisson Yves , Lee Sue J. , Dance David A. B. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract

Objectives
Intestinal carriage constitutes an important reservoir of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, with some of the highest rates reported from Asia. Antibiotic resistance has been little studied in Laos, where some antibiotics are available without restriction, but others such as carbapenems are not available.

Patients and methods
We collected stools from 397 healthy children in 12 randomly selected pre-school childcare facilities in and around Vientiane. Colonization with ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBLE) and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) was detected using a disc diffusion screening test and ESBLE were characterized using WGS. Risk factor data were collected by questionnaire.

Results
Ninety-two children (23%) were colonized with ESBLE, mainly Escherichia coli carrying blaCTX-M and Klebsiella pneumoniae carrying blaSHV or blaCTX-M, which were frequently resistant to multiple antibiotic classes. Although residence in Vientiane Capital, foreign travel, higher maternal level of education, antibiotic use in the preceding 3 months and attending a childcare facility with a ‘good’ level of hygiene were all associated with ESBLE colonization on univariable analysis, a significant association remained only for antibiotic use when a stepwise approach was used with a multivariate random-effects model. WGS analysis suggested transmission in both childcare facilities and community settings.

Conclusions
The high prevalence of paediatric colonization with ESBLE in Laos, one of the highest reported in Asia, is probably the result of inappropriate antibiotic use. Paediatric colonization with CPE was not identified in this study, but it is important to continue to monitor the spread of antibiotic-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in Laos.
Metrics and tools for consistent cohort discovery and financial analyses post-transition to ICD-10-CM
Authors: Boyd Andrew D , ‘John’ Li Jianrong , Kenost Colleen , Joese Binoy , Min Yang Young , Kalagidis Olympia A , Zenku Ilir , Saner Donald , Bahroos Neil , Lussier Yves A 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIn the United States, International Classification of Disease Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM, the ninth revision) diagnosis codes are commonly used to identify patient cohorts and to conduct financial analyses related to disease. In October 2015, the healthcare system of the United States will transition to ICD-10-CM (the tenth revision) diagnosis codes. One challenge posed to clinical researchers and other analysts is conducting diagnosis-related queries across datasets containing both coding schemes. Further, healthcare administrators will manage growth, trends, and strategic planning with these dually-coded datasets. The majority of the ICD-9-CM to ICD-10-CM translations are complex and nonreciprocal, creating convoluted representations and meanings. Similarly, mapping back from ICD-10-CM to ICD-9-CM is equally complex, yet different from mapping forward, as relationships are likewise nonreciprocal. Indeed, 10 of the 21 top clinical categories are complex as 78% of their diagnosis codes are labeled as “convoluted” by our analyses. Analysis and research related to external causes of morbidity, injury, and poisoning will face the greatest challenges due to 41 745 (90%) convolutions and a decrease in the number of codes. We created a web portal tool and translation tables to list all ICD-9-CM diagnosis codes related to the specific input of ICD-10-CM diagnosis codes and their level of complexity: “identity” (reciprocal), “class-to-subclass,” “subclass-to-class,” “convoluted,” or “no mapping.” These tools provide guidance on ambiguous and complex translations to reveal where reports or analyses may be challenging to impossible.Web portal: http://www.lussierlab.org/transition-to-ICD9CM/Tables annotated with levels of translation complexity: http://www.lussierlab.org/publications/ICD10to9
Selection biases in the gamma-ray burst Eiso – Lopt, X correlation
Authors: Coward D. M. , Howell E. J. , Wan L. , Macpherson D. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Gamma-ray burst (GRB) optical and X-ray afterglow luminosity is expected to correlate with the GRB isotropic equivalent kinetic energy of the outflow in the standard synchrotron model for GRB afterglows. Previous studies, using prompt GRB isotropic equivalent energy (Eiso) as a proxy for isotropic equivalent kinetic energy, have generally confirmed a correlation between X-ray and optical afterglow luminosities. Assuming that GRB afterglow luminosity does not evolve strongly with redshift, we identify a strong Malmquist bias in GRB optical and X-ray afterglow luminosity data. We show that selection effects dominate the observed Eiso–Lopt, X correlations, and have likely been underestimated in other studies. The bias is strongest for a subset of optically faint bursts m &gt; 24 at 24 h with z &gt; 2. After removing this optical selection bias, the Eiso–Lopt, X correlation for long GRBs is not statistically significant, but combining both long and short GRB luminosity data the correlation is significant. Using the median of the Eiso and Lopt, X distributions, we apply the synchrotron model assuming the same power-law index for short and long GRBs, but different microphysical parameter distributions. Comparing the ratio of optical and X-ray luminosities, we find tentative evidence that the fraction of post-shock energy in magnetic fields, ϵB, could be systematically higher in short GRBs compared to long GRBs.
Liaison psychiatry in a central nervous system tumor service
Authors: Holmes Alex C.N. , Adams Sophia J. , Hall Scott , Rosenthal Mark A. , Drummond Katharine J. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundTumors of the central nervous system (CNS) have physical and psychological effects that commonly interact and change over time. Although well suited to addressing problems at the interface between physical and psychological medicine, the role of the consultation-liaison psychiatrist has not been previously described in the management of these patients. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the experience of psychiatry liaison attachment within a CNS tumor service and to reflect on its utility within a complex multidisciplinary environment.MethodsA retrospective file review was performed on all cases seen by a psychiatrist in a CNS tumor service over the previous 5 years. A simple thematic inductive analysis was conducted of the common problems experienced by patients and their management by the psychiatrist and within the team.ResultsFive common themes were identified: (i) facilitating adaptation to diagnosis; (ii) supporting living with lower-grade tumors; (iii) managing mental disorders; (iv) neuropsychiatric symptoms of tumor progression; and (v) grief and uncertainty in the advanced stages of illness. The capacity of the psychiatrist to understand and integrate the clinical, pathological, radiological, and treatment information, in communication with colleagues, helped address these challenges.ConclusionsPsychological challenges in CNS tumor patients have both psychological and neurological underpinnings. In our experience, the addition of a liaison psychiatrist to a CNS tumor service was efficient and effective in improving patient management and led to enhanced communication and decision-making within the team.
Clinical Efficacy of Percutaneous Kyphoplasty at the Hyperextension Position for the Treatment of Osteoporotic Kümmell Disease
Authors: Huang Yijiang , Peng Maoxiu , He Shaoqi , Tang Xiaojun , Dai Minghai , Tang Chengxuan 
Published: February 2015

Summary of Background Data:
Percutaneous kyphoplasty might be effective for osteoporotic Kümmell disease.

Objective:
To investigate the clinical efficacy of percutaneous kyphoplasty in hyperextension for osteoporotic Kümmell disease.

Study Design:
Retrospective study.

Methods:
A retrospective analysis was carried out on data from downstream balloon kyphoplasty treatments in hyperextension for 18 patients with osteoporotic Kümmell disease. All cases were single-segment disease affecting T5 (1 case), T7 (1 case), T8 (2 cases), T11 (6 cases), T12 (4 cases), L1 (2 cases), L2 (1 case), or L4 (1 case). Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry bone mineral density values ranged from −2.8 to −5.8 SD. The sagittal Cobb angle of the involved segment was measured before and after the operation and the final follow-up also included a visual analog pain score (VAS) and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) after comprehensive efficacy assessment.

Results:
All patients were followed up for 12–36 months, with an average of 15.8 months. Patients showed lower back pain relief and improvement in daily life activities. The kyphosis Cobb angle improved from 32.60±3.82 degrees before surgery to 7.60±1.68 degrees after surgery, and VAS and ODI scores significantly improved from 8.7±0.96 points and 88.6±3.76% to 2.6±0.32 points and 28.6±2.67%, respectively. The last follow-up for the kyphosis Cobb angle yielded a value of 9.60±2.06 degrees, and VAS and ODI averaged 2.2±0.26 points and 26.4±2.46%, respectively. Compared with 2 days postoperatively, the differences were not statistically significant. Intervertebral cement leakage occurred in 1 case, but no symptom was observed and no treatment was performed.

Conclusion:
Percutaneous balloon kyphoplasty in the hyperextension position is an effective method for osteoporosis in Kümmell disease.