bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypothalamic oxytocin and vasopressin neurons exert sex-specific effects on pair bonding, gregariousness, and aggression in finches
Authors: Kelly Aubrey M. , Goodson James L. 
Published: April 2014

Significance
Vasopressin (VP) and oxytocin (OT) modulate numerous social behaviors, including aggression, grouping, and pair bonding, and many sites of action are known. However, the sources of peptide at those sites remains largely unknown. All sites of action likely receive VP and OT from multiple cell groups (of 20 or more), through either direct innervation or paracrine signaling; thus, experimental manipulations are required to determine functions of individual cell groups. Relevant data are scarce, however. Using RNA interference, we found that OT and VP neurons of the paraventricular hypothalamus modulate various diverse behaviors, including grouping, opposite-sex aggression, pair bonding, intrapair affiliation, and stress coping. Hence paraventricular neurons are major contributors to the effects of VP-OT on behavior.
The structured core domain of αB-crystallin can prevent amyloid fibrillation and associated toxicity
Authors: Hochberg Georg K. A. , Ecroyd Heath , Liu Cong , Cox Dezerae , Cascio Duilio , Sawaya Michael R. , Collier Miranda P. , Stroud James , Carver John A. , Baldwin Andrew J. , Robinson Carol V. , Eisenberg David S. , Benesch Justin L. P. , Laganowsky Arthur 
Published: April 2014

Significance
We find that the core domain of the human molecular chaperone αB-crystallin can function effectively in preventing protein aggregation and amyloid toxicity. The core domain represents only half the total sequence of the protein, but it is one of the most potent known inhibitors of the aggregation of amyloid-β, a process implicated in Alzheimer’s disease. We have determined high-resolution structures of this core domain and investigated its biophysical properties in solution. We find that the excised domain efficiently prevents amyloid aggregation and thereby reduces the toxicity of the resulting aggregates to cells. The structures of these domains that we present should represent useful scaffolds for the design of novel amyloid inhibitors.
Natural auditory scene statistics shapes human spatial hearing
Authors: Parise Cesare V. , Knorre Katharina , Ernst Marc O. 
Published: April 2014

Significance
Auditory pitch has an intrinsic spatial connotation: Sounds are high or low, melodies rise and fall, and pitch can ascend and descend. In a wide range of cognitive, perceptual, attentional, and linguistic functions, humans consistently display a positive, sometimes absolute, correspondence between sound frequency and perceived spatial elevation, whereby high frequency is mapped to high elevation. In this paper we show that pitch borrows its spatial connotation from the statistics of natural auditory scenes. This suggests that all such diverse phenomena, such as the convoluted shape of the outer ear, the universal use of spatial terms for describing pitch, or the reason why high notes are represented higher in musical notation, ultimately reflect adaptation to the statistics of natural auditory scenes.
Glycan variants of a respiratory syncytial virus antibody with enhanced effector function and in vivo efficacy
Authors: Hiatt Andrew , Bohorova Natasha , Bohorov Ognian , Goodman Charles , Kim Do , Pauly Michael H. , Velasco Jesus , Whaley Kevin J. , Piedra Pedro A. , Gilbert Brian E. , Zeitlin Larry 
Published: April 2014

Significance
Recently developed plant hosts that have been genetically engineered to produce mammalian glycosylation enzymes are capable of producing mAbs with specific glycans that satisfy effector function or homogeneity requirements. When produced in this type of plant system, an antirespiratory syncytial virus mAb containing nearly homogeneous glycans with N-acetylglucosamine termini was found to significantly enhance the effectiveness of the approved antibody drug palivizumab. The improvement was because of augmented effector function via binding to antibody Fc receptors, suggesting that classic viral neutralization plays a secondary role in the in vivo function of this antibody. We conclude that enhanced antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity activity can be a potent contributor to the in vivo efficacy of palivizumab.
Influence of vapor wall loss in laboratory chambers on yields of secondary organic aerosol
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Cappa Christopher D. , Jathar Shantanu H. , McVay Renee C. , Ensberg Joseph J. , Kleeman Michael J. , Seinfeld John H. 
Published: April 2014

Significance
Atmospheric secondary organic aerosol (SOA) has important impacts on climate and air quality, yet models continue to have difficulty in accurately simulating SOA concentrations. Nearly all SOA models are tied to observations of SOA formation in laboratory chamber experiments. Here, a comprehensive analysis of new experimental results demonstrates that the formation of SOA in laboratory chambers may be substantially suppressed due to losses of SOA-forming vapors to chamber walls, which leads to underestimates of SOA in air-quality and climate models, especially in urban areas where anthropogenic SOA precursors dominate. This analysis provides a time-dependent framework for the interpretation of laboratory chamber experiments that will allow for development of parameterized models of SOA formation that are appropriate for use in atmospheric models.
Normalization of metabolomics data with applications to correlation maps
Authors: Jauhiainen Alexandra , Madhu Basetti , Narita Masako , Narita Masashi , Griffiths John , Tavaré Simon 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Motivation: In metabolomics, the goal is to identify and measure the concentrations of different metabolites (small molecules) in a cell or a biological system. The metabolites form an important layer in the complex metabolic network, and the interactions between different metabolites are often of interest. It is crucial to perform proper normalization of metabolomics data, but current methods may not be applicable when estimating interactions in the form of correlations between metabolites. We propose a normalization approach based on a mixed model, with simultaneous estimation of a correlation matrix. We also investigate how the common use of a calibration standard in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments affects the estimation of correlations.
Results : We show with both real and simulated data that our proposed normalization method is robust and has good performance when discovering true correlations between metabolites. The standardization of NMR data is shown in simulation studies to affect our ability to discover true correlations to a small extent. However, comparing standardized and non-standardized real data does not result in any large differences in correlation estimates.
Availability and implementation: Source code is freely available at https://sourceforge.net/projects/metabnorm/
Contact: alexandra.jauhiainen@ki.se
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Quantifying Shape Changes and Tissue Deformation in Leaf Development
Authors: Rolland-Lagan Anne-Gaëlle , Remmler Lauren , Girard-Bock Camille 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The analysis of biological shapes has applications in many areas of biology, and tools exist to quantify organ shape and detect shape differences between species or among variants. However, such measurements do not provide any information about the mechanisms of shape generation. Quantitative data on growth patterns may provide insights into morphogenetic processes, but since growth is a complex process occurring in four dimensions, growth patterns alone cannot intuitively be linked to shape outcomes. Here, we present computational tools to quantify tissue deformation and surface shape changes over the course of leaf development, applied to the first leaf of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). The results show that the overall leaf shape does not change notably during the developmental stages analyzed, yet there is a clear upward radial deformation of the leaf tissue in early time points. This deformation pattern may provide an explanation for how the Arabidopsis leaf maintains a relatively constant shape despite spatial heterogeneities in growth. These findings highlight the importance of quantifying tissue deformation when investigating the control of leaf shape. More generally, experimental mapping of deformation patterns may help us to better understand the link between growth and shape in organ development.
A reversed genetic approach reveals the coenzyme specificity and other catalytic properties of three enzymes putatively involved in anaerobic oxidation of methane with sulfate
Authors: Kojima Hisaya , Moll Johanna , Kahnt Jörg , Fukui Manabu , Shima Seigo 
Published: April 2014

SummaryConsortia of anaerobic methanotrophic (ANME) archaea and delta‐proteobacteria anaerobically oxidize methane coupled to sulfate reduction to sulfide. The metagenome of ANME‐1 archaea contains genes homologous to genes otherwise only found in methanogenic archaea, and transcription of some of these genes in ANME‐1 cells has been shown. We now have heterologously expressed three of these genes in Escherichia coli, namely those homologous to genes for formylmethanofuran : tetrahydromethanopterin formyltransferase, methenyltetrahydromethanopterin cyclohydrolase (Mch) and coenzyme F420‐dependent methylenetetrahydromethanopterin dehydrogenase (Mtd), and have characterized the overproduced enzymes with respect to their coenzyme specificity and other catalytic properties. The three enzymes from ANME‐1 were found to catalyse the same reactions and with similar specific activities using identical coenzymes as the respective enzymes in methanogenic archaea, the apparent Km for their substrates being in the same concentration range. The results support the proposal that anaerobic oxidation of methane to CO2 in ANME involves the same enzymes and coenzymes as CO2 reduction to methane in methanogenic archaea. Interestingly, the activity of Mch and the stability of Mtd from ANME‐1 were found to be dependent on the presence of 0.5–1.0 M potassium phosphate, which suggested that ANME‐1 archaea contain high concentrations of lyotropic salts, presumably as compatible solutes.
The nitrate‐ammonifying andnosZ‐carrying bacteriumBacillus viretiis a potent source and sink for nitric and nitrous oxide under high nitrate conditions
Authors: Mania Daniel , Heylen Kim , van Spanning Rob J. M. , Frostegård Åsa 
Published: April 2014

SummarySeveralGram‐positive bacteria carry genes for anaerobic reduction of NO3−via NO2−to NH4+or gaseous nitrogen compounds, but the processes are understudied for these organisms. Here, we present results from a whole‐genome analysis of the soil bacteriumBacillus viretiand a phenotypic characterization of intermediate and end‐products, formed under anoxic conditions in the presence of NO3−.Bacillus viretihas a versatile metabolism. It produces acetate, formate, succinate and lactate from fermentation and performs dissimilatory nitrate reduction via NO2−to ammonium (DNRA) usingNrfA, whileNirBmay detoxifyNO2−in the cytoplasm. Moreover, it producesNOfrom an unknown source and reduces it viaN2OtoN2using two enzymes connected to denitrification: an unusual NO reductase,qCuANorencoded bycbaA, and a z‐typeN2Oreductase, encoded bynosZ. In batch cultures,B. viretireduced allNO3−toNO2−before theNO2−was reduced further. The quantities of all products varied with the initialNO3−concentration. With 5 mMNO3−, 90% was reduced toNH4+while with ≥ 20 mMNO3−, 50% was reduced toNO,N2OandN2. This organism is thus an aggressiveNO2−accumulator and may act as a net source and sink ofNOandN2O.
Inactivation of Bacillus spores in batch vs continuous heating systems at sterilisation temperatures
Authors: Stoeckel Marina , Abduh Setya B M , Atamer Zeynep , Hinrichs Jörg 
Published: April 2014

This study was performed to assess the heat resistance of spores of Bacillus species in batch and continuous heating systems under commercial sterilisation conditions. Spores of thermophilic Bacillus smithii and mesophilic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens were found to be highly heat resistant in the batch system. They were able to withstand typical sterilisation temperatures. B. amyloliquefaciens showed tailing in the batch system and, before the onset of the tailing, a higher inactivation rate than in the continuous system at low temperatures. The reason for the tailing might be the presence of spore aggregates which are disrupted in the continuous system.
Accounting Standards Harmonization and Financial Statement Comparability: Evidence from Transnational Information Transfer
Authors: WANG CLARE 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTThis paper investigates whether accounting standards harmonization enhances the comparability of financial information across countries. I hypothesize that a firm yet to announce earnings reacts more strongly to the earnings announcement of a foreign firm when both report under the same rather than different accounting standards. My analysis of abnormal price reactions for a global sample of firms supports the prediction. Next, in an attempt to control for the underlying economic comparability and the effects of changes in reporting quality, I use a difference‐in‐differences design around the mandatory introduction of International Financial Reporting Standards. I find that mandatory adopters experience a significant increase in market reactions to the release of earnings by voluntary adopters compared to the period preceding mandatory adoption. This increase is not observed for nonadopters. Taken together, the results show that accounting standards harmonization facilitates transnational information transfer and suggest financial statement comparability as a direct mechanism.
Paracetamol toxicity: What would be the implications of a change in Australian treatment guidelines?
Authors: Wong Anselm , Graudins Andis , Kerr Fergus , Greene Shaun L 
Published: April 2014

AbstractObjectivesThe present study aims to study the implications for resource utilisation if Australia adopted recent revised UK treatment guidelines for paracetamol poisoning.MethodsRetrospective database review of paracetamol toxicity presentations and calls from the Victorian Poisons Information Centre (VPIC) and Austin Hospital, Victoria, Australia, from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2011. There were 200 presentations at the Austin Hospital, and the VPIC received 4272 calls regarding paracetamol toxicity. An analytical model was designed to estimate the cost of this additional treatment and referral to hospital. The main outcome measures were the potential increase in number of admissions requiring treatment with N‐acetylcysteine (NAC), costs involved and increased number of referrals to hospitals by the VPIC.ResultsTwenty‐five (12.5%, 95% confidence interval 8.4–17.6%, P < 0.01) patients in our study who did not qualify for NAC therapy based upon the current Australasian paracetamol treatment guideline would have received it if the revised UK guideline was followed. Eighteen (72%) of these presented with acute single ingestions of paracetamol. No patients re‐presented to our hospital with acute liver injury or required admission to the liver transplant unit.ConclusionsAlignment of current Australian paracetamol treatment guidelines with those in the UK would result in an increase in ED attendances as directed by Poisons Information Centres and hospital admissions for antidotal treatment. This would be associated with increased health expenditure and inpatient bed utilisation. The present study does not support the clinical need for adoption of UK paracetamol treatment guidelines in Australia.
Improvement in emergency department length of stay using a nurse‐led ‘emergency journey coordinator’: A before/after study
Authors: Asha Stephen E , Ajami Allan 
Published: April 2014

AbstractObjectiveAustralian EDs are required to conform to the National Emergency Access Target (NEAT): patients must depart within 4 h of arrival. The study's aim was to determine if a nursing role called the ‘Emergency Journey Coordinator’ (EJC) improved NEAT through resolving delays in patient processing.MethodsThe proportion of patients achieving NEAT before and after the EJC role started were compared with adjustment for confounding variables. All data were obtained from the ED computer management system.ResultsThere were 23 848 patients over a 128 day period before and 20 884 over a 115 day period after the introduction of the EJC role. The proportion of patients meeting NEAT after the EJC role started was 64.4% compared with 59.6% before, an absolute improvement of 4.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] 4.0–5.8, P < 0.001). This benefit persisted after controlling for confounding effects. For patients admitted NEAT was 38.1% after the EJC role started compared with 32.5% before, an absolute improvement of 5.6% (95% CI 4.1–7.1, P < 0.001). For patients discharged, NEAT was 80.2% after the EJC role started compared with 74.6% before, an absolute improvement of 5.6% (95% CI 4.7–6.6, P < 0.001). Mean ED occupancy decreased from 34.3 patients before to 32.4 after, a decrease of 2.0 patients (95% CI 1.2–2.8, P < 0.001). There was no clinically important difference in the proportion of patient who did not wait to be seen or in ambulance transfer of care time.ConclusionNEAT targets were improved in the ED of a tertiary referral hospital after the introduction of the EJC role.
Determination of Trace Elements in Honey from Different Regions in Rio de Janeiro State (Brazil) by Total Reflection X‐Ray Fluorescence
Authors: Ribeiro Roberta de Oliveira Resende , Mársico Eliane Teixeira , de Jesus Edgar Francisco Oliveira , da Silva Carneiro Carla , Júnior Carlos Adam Conte , de Almeida Eduardo , Filho Virgílio Franco do Nascimento 
Published: April 2014

AbstractTrace and minor elements in Brazilian honey were analyzed by total reflection X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy. Up to 12 elements (K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Se, Br, and Sr) were detected in 160 samples of honey from 4 regions of Rio de Janeiro State (Barra Mansa, Teresópolis, northern and southern Nova Friburgo). The results showed the samples from Teresópolis had higher rates of essential and nonessential elements than samples from the other regions, except for Ni. K and Ca were the most abundant elements in all samples, in the range of 116.5 to 987.0 μg g−1. Ni, Cu, Zn, Se, and Sr were identified in small concentrations (0.01 to 12.08 μg g−1) in all samples, indicating a low level of contamination in all the regions.
Amylose–Potassium Oleate Inclusion Complex in Plain Set‐Style Yogurt
Authors: Singh Mukti , Byars Jeffrey A. , Kenar James A. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractHealth and wellness aspirations of U.S. consumers continue to drive the demand for lower fat from inherently beneficial foods such as yogurt. Removing fat from yogurt negatively affects the gel strength, texture, syneresis, and storage of yogurt. Amylose–potassium oleate inclusion complexes (AIC) were used to replace skim milk solids to improve the quality of nonfat yogurt. The effect of AIC on fermentation of yogurt mix and strength of yogurt gel was studied and compared to full‐fat samples. Texture, storage modulus, and syneresis of yogurt were observed over 4 weeks of storage at 4 °C. Yogurt mixes having the skim milk solids partially replaced by AIC fermented at a similar rate as yogurt samples with no milk solids replaced and full‐fat milk. Initial viscosity was higher for yogurt mixes with AIC. The presence of 3% AIC strengthened the yogurt gel as indicated by texture and rheology measurements. Yogurt samples with 3% AIC maintained the gel strength during storage and resulted in low syneresis after storage for 4 wk.
Predicting Bacillus coagulans Spores Inactivation in Tomato Pulp under Nonisothermal Heat Treatments
Authors: Zimmermann Morgana , Longhi Daniel A. , Schaffner Donald W. , Aragão Gláucia M. F. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe knowledge and understanding of Bacillus coagulans inactivation during a thermal treatment in tomato pulp, as well as the influence of temperature variation during thermal processes are essential for design, calculation, and optimization of the process. The aims of this work were to predict B. coagulans spores inactivation in tomato pulp under varying time–temperature profiles with Gompertz‐inspired inactivation model and to validate the model's predictions by comparing the predicted values with experimental data. B. coagulans spores in pH 4.3 tomato pulp at 4 °Brix were sealed in capillary glass tubes and heated in thermostatically controlled circulating oil baths. Seven different nonisothermal profiles in the range from 95 to 105 °C were studied. Predicted inactivation kinetics showed similar behavior to experimentally observed inactivation curves when the samples were exposed to temperatures in the upper range of this study (99 to 105 °C). Profiles that resulted in less accurate predictions were those where the range of temperatures analyzed were comparatively lower (inactivation profiles starting at 95 °C). The link between fail prediction and both lower starting temperature and magnitude of the temperature shift suggests some chemical or biological mechanism at work. Statistical analysis showed that overall model predictions were acceptable, with bias factors from 0.781 to 1.012, and accuracy factors from 1.049 to 1.351, and confirm that the models used were adequate to estimate B. coagulans spores inactivation under fluctuating temperature conditions in the range from 95 to 105 °C.Practical ApplicationHow can we estimate Bacillus coagulans inactivation during sudden temperature shifts in heat processing? This article provides a validated model that can be used to predict B. coagulans under changing temperature conditions. B. coagulans is a spore‐forming bacillus that spoils acidified food products. The mathematical model developed here can be used to predict the spoilage risk following thermal process deviations for tomato products.
Dipyrone metabolite 4‐MAA induces hypothermia and inhibits PGE2‐dependent and ‐independent fever while 4‐AA only blocks PGE2‐dependent fever
Authors: Malvar David do C , Aguiar Fernando A , Vaz Artur de L L , Assis Débora C R , de Melo Miriam C C , Jabor Valquíria A P , Kalapothakis Evanguedes , Ferreira Sérgio H , Clososki Giuliano C , de Souza Glória E P 
Published: April 2014

Background and PurposeThe antipyretic and hypothermic prodrug dipyrone prevents PGE2‐dependent and ‐independent fever induced by LPS from Escherichia coli and Tityus serrulatus venom (Tsv) respectively. We aimed to identify the dipyrone metabolites responsible for the antipyretic and hypothermic effects.Experimental ApproachMale Wistar rats were treated i.p. with indomethacin (2 mg·kg−1), dipyrone, 4‐methylaminoantipyrine (4‐MAA), 4‐aminoantipyrine (4‐AA) (60–360 mg·kg−1), 4‐formylaminoantipyrine, 4‐acethylaminoantipyrine (120–360 mg·kg−1) or vehicle 30 min before i.p. injection of LPS (50 μg·kg−1), Tsv (150 μg·kg−1) or saline. Rectal temperatures were measured by tele‐thermometry and dipyrone metabolite concentrations determined in the plasma, CSF and hypothalamus by LC‐MS/MS. PGE2 concentrations were determined in the CSF and hypothalamus by elisa.Key ResultsIn contrast to LPS, Tsv‐induced fever was not followed by increased PGE2 in the CSF or hypothalamus. The antipyretic time‐course of 4‐MAA and 4‐AA on LPS‐induced fever overlapped with the period of the highest concentrations of 4‐MAA and 4‐AA in the hypothalamus, CSF and plasma. These metabolites reduced LPS‐induced fever and the PGE2 increase in the plasma, CSF and hypothalamus. Only 4‐MAA inhibited Tsv‐induced fever. The higher doses of dipyrone and 4‐MAA also induced hypothermia.Conclusions and ImplicationsThe presence of 4‐MAA and 4‐AA in the CSF and hypothalamus was associated with PGE2 synthesis inhibition and a decrease in LPS‐induced fever. 4‐MAA was also shown to be an antipyretic metabolite for PGE2‐independent fever induced by Tsv suggesting that it is responsible for the additional antipyretic mechanism of dipyrone. Moreover, 4‐MAA is the hypothermic metabolite of dipyrone.