bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Response to Hyperosmotic Stress
Authors: Saito Haruo , Posas Francesc 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
An appropriate response and adaptation to hyperosmolarity, i.e., an external osmolarity that is higher than the physiological range, can be a matter of life or death for all cells. It is especially important for free-living organisms such as the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. When exposed to hyperosmotic stress, the yeast initiates a complex adaptive program that includes temporary arrest of cell-cycle progression, adjustment of transcription and translation patterns, and the synthesis and retention of the compatible osmolyte glycerol. These adaptive responses are mostly governed by the high osmolarity glycerol (HOG) pathway, which is composed of membrane-associated osmosensors, an intracellular signaling pathway whose core is the Hog1 MAP kinase (MAPK) cascade, and cytoplasmic and nuclear effector functions. The entire pathway is conserved in diverse fungal species, while the Hog1 MAPK cascade is conserved even in higher eukaryotes including humans. This conservation is illustrated by the fact that the mammalian stress-responsive p38 MAPK can rescue the osmosensitivity of hog1Δ mutations in response to hyperosmotic challenge. As the HOG pathway is one of the best-understood eukaryotic signal transduction pathways, it is useful not only as a model for analysis of osmostress responses, but also as a model for mathematical analysis of signal transduction pathways. In this review, we have summarized the current understanding of both the upstream signaling mechanism and the downstream adaptive responses to hyperosmotic stress in yeast.
Targeting of &gt;1.5 Mb of Human DNA into the Mouse X Chromosome Reveals Presence of cis-Acting Regulators of Epigenetic Silencing
Authors: Yang Christine , McLeod Andrea J , Cotton Allison M , de Leeuw Charles N , Laprise Stéphanie , Banks Kathleen G , Simpson Elizabeth M , Brown Carolyn J 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Regulatory sequences can influence the expression of flanking genes over long distances, and X chromosome inactivation is a classic example of cis-acting epigenetic gene regulation. Knock-ins directed to the Mus musculus Hprt locus offer a unique opportunity to analyze the spread of silencing into different human DNA sequences in the identical genomic environment. X chromosome inactivation of four knock-in constructs, including bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) integrations of over 195 kb, was demonstrated by both the lack of expression from the inactive X chromosome in females with nonrandom X chromosome inactivation and promoter DNA methylation of the human transgene in females. We further utilized promoter DNA methylation to assess the inactivation status of 74 human reporter constructs comprising &gt;1.5 Mb of DNA. Of the 47 genes examined, only the PHB gene showed female DNA hypomethylation approaching the level seen in males, and escape from X chromosome inactivation was verified by demonstration of expression from the inactive X chromosome. Integration of PHB resulted in lower DNA methylation of the flanking HPRT promoter in females, suggesting the action of a dominant cis-acting escape element. Female-specific DNA hypermethylation of CpG islands not associated with promoters implies a widespread imposition of DNA methylation during X chromosome inactivation; yet transgenes demonstrated differential capacities to accumulate DNA methylation when integrated into the identical location on the inactive X chromosome, suggesting additional cis-acting sequence effects. As only one of the human transgenes analyzed escaped X chromosome inactivation, we conclude that elements permitting ongoing expression from the inactive X are rare in the human genome.
Structure–Function Dissection of the Frizzled Receptor in Drosophila melanogaster Suggests Different Mechanisms of Action in Planar Polarity and Canonical Wnt Signaling
Authors: Strutt David , Madder Daisy , Chaudhary Varun , Artymiuk Peter J 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Members of the Frizzled family of sevenpass transmembrane receptors signal via the canonical Wnt pathway and also via noncanonical pathways of which the best characterized is the planar polarity pathway. Activation of both canonical and planar polarity signaling requires interaction between Frizzled receptors and cytoplasmic proteins of the Dishevelled family; however, there has been some dispute regarding whether the Frizzled–Dishevelled interactions are the same in both cases. Studies looking at mutated forms of Dishevelled suggested that stable recruitment of Dishevelled to membranes by Frizzled was required only for planar polarity activity, implying that qualitatively different Frizzled–Dishevelled interactions underlie canonical signaling. Conversely, studies looking at the sequence requirements of Frizzled receptors in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster for canonical and planar polarity signaling have concluded that there is most likely a common mechanism of action. To understand better Frizzled receptor function, we have carried out a large-scale mutagenesis in Drosophila to isolate novel mutations in frizzled that affect planar polarity activity and have identified a group of missense mutations in cytosolic-facing regions of the Frizzled receptor that block Dishevelled recruitment. Interestingly, although some of these affect both planar polarity and canonical activity, as previously reported for similar lesions, we find a subset that affect only planar polarity activity. These results support the view that qualitatively different Frizzled–Dishevelled interactions underlie planar polarity and canonical Wnt signaling.
Electrochemical Deposition and Evaluation of Conductive Polymer Coating on Biodegradable Magnesium Implants for Neural Applications
Authors: Sebaa Meriam A. , Dhillon Shan , Liu Huinan 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTIn an attempt to develop conductive, biodegradable, mechanically strong, and biocompatible nerve conduits, pure magnesium (Mg) was used as the biodegradable substrate material to provide strength while the conductive polymer, poly(3,4ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) was used as a conductive coating material to control Mg degradation and improve cytocompatibility of Mg substrates. This study explored a series of electrochemical deposition conditions to produce a uniform, consistent PEDOT coating on Mg substrates. The microstructure and morphology of the coating and Mg were visualized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The elemental composition of the surface was quantified using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Adhesion strength of the coating was measured using the tape test following the ASTM-D 3359 standard. The SEM results showed uniform and consistent PEDOT coating, and EDS analysis confirmed the elemental composition of PEDOT. The adhesion strength of PEDOT coating was within the classifications of 3B to 4B.
Behavior of Surface Adsorbed Bioluminescent Bacteria
Authors: Sasaki Satoshi 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTCharacteristics of surface-adsorbed bioluminescent bacteria were examined. The bacteria were expected to function as an oxygen probe inside the biofilm. Luminescent behavior of the bacteria inside a typical biofilm was observed. Adsorption characteristics as well as the luminescence intensity change through the desorption process were investigated.
Ordering of the O(2)…D… O(2) bonds near the phase transition in KD3(SeO3)2 single crystals by D nuclear magnetic resonance
Authors: Lim Ae , Jeong Se-Young 
Published: October 2012

AbstractDeuterium resonance investigations of KD3(SeO3)2 single crystals have been performed near the phase transition temperature T C. There are two types of deuterium bonds in these crystals with different behaviors at this phase transition. Our experimental results show that there are significant changes in the D spinlattice relaxation time T 1 at T C; the abrupt decrease in T 1 near T C can be explained by the critical slowing down of an overdamped soft pseudospin-type deuteron mode. Further, the ordering of the O(2)…D… O(2) bonds is affected by the phase transition, whereas the ordering of the O(1)-D… O(3) bonds is unaffected. The D NMR measurements also show that the D(2) deuteron disordering above T C is dynamic and not static.
Variational calculations for the hydrogen-antihydrogen system with a mass-scaled Born-Oppenheimer potential
Authors: Stegeby Henrik , Piszczatowski Konrad , Karlsson Hans , Lindh Roland , Froelich Piotr 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
The problem of proton-antiproton motion in the H-$\bar H$ system is investigated by means of the variational method. We introduce a modified nuclear interaction through mass-scaling of the Born-Oppenheimer potential. This improved treatment of the interaction includes the nondivergent part of the otherwise divergent adiabatic correction and shows the correct threshold behaviour. Using this potential we calculate the vibrational energy levels with angular momentum 0 and 1 and the corresponding nuclear wave functions, as well as the S-wave scattering length. We obtain a full set of all bound states together with a large number of discretized continuum states that might be utilized in variational four-body calculations. The results of our calculations gives an indication of resonance states in the hydrogen-antihydrogen system.
Eight microsatellite markers for the bulbous buttercup Ranunculus bulbosus (Ranunculaceae)
Authors: Matter Philippe , Pluess Andrea R. , Ghazoul Jaboury , Kettle Chris J. 
Published: October 2012

• Premise of the study: Pollen dispersal is a key biological process enabling plant populations to maintain genetic connectivity. Direct estimates of pollen dispersal using paternity assignment or correlated paternity estimates require highly variable genetic markers, of which microsatellites are the markers of choice.• Methods and Results: Eight species‐specific microsatellites have been developed for Ranunculus bulbosus, combining classical enrichment methods with 454 sequencing. These markers have been used in paternity analysis as well as in pollen‐pool analyses and proven to be highly polymorphic (seven to 63 alleles in the largest population studied). An excess of homozygotes in six loci indicate the presence of null alleles.• Conclusions: These markers are the first microsatellites isolated and tested on R. bulbosus and provide a useful tool for population genetic studies in this common grassland herb.
Excision of Radial Head Fractures With Medially Displaced Fragments Using 2 Incisions: The Nutcracker Effect
Authors: Muzaffar Nasir , Bhat Aejaz , Shah Nissar 
Published: October 2012

Marginal radial head fractures with displaced fragments are relatively common, especially when associated with a concomitant posterior elbow dislocation. The separated fragments are usually displaced forward and outward into the lateral part of the elbow or proximally in the elbow joint. Ulnar displacement of the separated fragments has been described in few cases, and in most of them treatment consisted of excision of the entire radial head.
This article present a case series of 4 Mason type 3 radial head fractures with medially displaced fragments that had to be excised via a separate medial incision. Surgery was performed using 2 incisions, the standard Kocher and a medial incision; complete radial head excision was performed. Clinical and radiological assessment was done for all cases. Pain and range of motion at 2 years and any evidence of heterotrophic ossification were assessed. All patients had some degree of flexion deformity at final follow-up. One patient had some loss of rotation. No heterotrophic ossification existed in any patient. The authors postulate that the medial displacement may have been due to a nutcracker effect that caused the medial portion of the radial head to be compressed between the capitellum and the radial shaft and lateral part of the radial head. Such injuries are rare, and postoperative loss of flexion should be expected. Posterior elbow dislocation may not be present in all cases.
Outcome of a Dynamic Neutralization System for the Spine
Authors: Sapkas George , Mavrogenis Andreas F. , Starantzis Konstantinos A. , Soultanis Konstantinos , Kokkalis Zinon T. , Papagelopoulos Panayiotis J. 
Published: October 2012

One hundred fourteen patients (66 men and 48 women; mean age, 49 years) underwent spine stabilization using a dynamic neutralization system between January 1999 and August 2010 for degenerative disk disease, spinal instability, or spinal stenosis. Mean follow-up was 6.8 years (range, 1–11 years). Seven patients were lost to follow-up. Radiological examination and clinical evaluation, including the Oswestry Disability Index, the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire, and patient satisfaction, were performed.Mean Oswestry Disability Index score improved from 57% (severe disability) preoperatively to 22% (moderate disability) postoperatively. Mean Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire score improved from 52% preoperatively to 35% postoperatively; 79 (74%) patients declared themselves very satisfied with the end result of the operation. Postoperatively, 27 (25%) patients experienced complications, including screw loosening (n=22), infection (n=2), back (n=5) and leg (n=2) pain, and endplate vertebral fracture (n=1). Three patients with screw loosening, 2 with deep infection, and 1 with severe persistent back and leg pain underwent rigid spine arthrodesis.Dynamic neutralization systems can be considered for degenerative disk disease, spinal instability, and stenosis. Patient satisfaction with the procedure is excellent. However, in the long term, the complication rate, most commonly screw loosening, is high and reoperations are common. In this setting, long-term follow-up is recommended, and the use of this system should be reconsidered.
Malignant Soft Tissue Tumors of the Biceps Muscle Mistaken for Proximal Biceps Tendon Rupture
Authors: Tantisricharoenkul Gof , Tan Eric W. , Fayad Laura M. , McCarthy Edward F. , McFarland Edward G. 
Published: October 2012

Tears of the proximal long head of the biceps tendon are among the most common tendon tears in the body. In most cases, the diagnosis is easily determined based on the history and physical examination. However, malignant soft tissue tumors can simulate proximal biceps tendon tears. Although tumors simulating tears of the distal biceps tendon at the elbow have been reported, to the authors’ knowledge, no previous cases of tumors simulating or being mistaken for proximal biceps tendon tears have been reported.
This article describes 2 cases of malignant sarcomas initially mistaken for tears of the long head of the biceps tendon. In the first case, a 62-year-old woman developed swelling in her arm after feeling a twinge in her shoulder. A magnetic resonance imaging scan was misread as a biceps tendon tear and not treated by the examining physician. In the second case, a mass appeared with little trauma in the brachium of a 70-year-old man. On physical examination, the mass was hard to palpation. In each case, biopsy revealed a soft tissue sarcoma. Both patients underwent wide excision with radiation and are currently disease free. These 2 cases emphasize the importance of obtaining a good history and of performing a thorough shoulder and arm examination in patients with deformities consistent with tears of the long head of the biceps tendon.
Bilateral Carpal Tunnel Syndrome in a 9-year-old Boy With Acromicric Dysplasia
Authors: Buluc Levent , Selek Ozgur , Aranay Yasemin 
Published: October 2012

Acromicric dysplasia is a skeletal dysplasia that is characterized by short stature, short hands and feet, typical facial dysmorphism, normal mental development, and characteristic hand radiology. Carpal tunnel syndrome may be seen in adults with acromicric dysplasia; however, to the authors’ knowledge, it has not been reported in pediatric patients. This article describes a 9-year old boy with bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome and acromicric dysplasia treated operatively. No recurrences occurred during 1 year of postoperative follow-up.
Carpal tunnel syndrome is a rare disease in childhood. The etiologic factors of carpal tunnel syndrome include trauma (especially distal radius epiphysealis), overuse, genetic or metabolic disorders, space-occupying lesions in the carpal tunnel, hemophilia, congenital anomalies, adverse effect of growth hormone replacement therapy, and idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome. Acromicric dysplasia should be considered in the etiology of childhood carpal tunnel syndrome.
The surgical outcome of carpal tunnel syndrome is good with early diagnosis and treatment. However, in the case of skeletal dysplasia, the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome may be delayed due to anomalies of the hand and due to the child’s difficulty in expressing symptoms. Because of the delay in diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome in patients with skeletal dysplasia, the treatment outcomes may not be promising. Electrophysiologic studies should be performed early when the clinical signs are positive.
Total Knee Arthroplasty Kinematics May Be Assessed Using Computer Modeling: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Mihalko William M. , Williams John L. 
Published: October 2012

The next generational leap in computer navigation will hopefully aid surgeons in personalizing surgical techniques to patients’ individual anatomical variables to optimize outcomes. To effectively use the information obtained in the operating room, a multitude of kinematic variables must be conveyed to the orthopedic surgeon in a usable and coherent manner. This study used an intraoperative navigation system to record passive knee kinematics after a total knee arthroplastyperformed. The clinical measures were taken via research software with the ability to record kinematic data in 10-second intervals.
The data from 10 consecutive clinical cases were averaged, and the translation (anterior/posterior) and rotation (internal/external) were recorded and compared from 0° to 100° of flexion to allow for comparison with the previously recorded computer model. Model and clinical curves compared favorably, with less than 1° rotational and 1.5-mm differences, on average.
The comparison of information and analyses were reviewed to indicate how they might be interpreted in the operating room for future use during surgery to allow a more personalized approach to improving functional outcomes after total knee arthroplasty.
Cutting Edge: Regulation of Intestinal Inflammation and Barrier Function by IL-17C
Authors: Reynolds Joseph M. , Martinez Gustavo J. , Nallaparaju Kalyan C. , Chang Seon Hee , Wang Yi-Hong , Dong Chen 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
In the IL-17 family of cytokines, much is known about the sources and functions of IL-17, IL-17F, and IL-25 in the host defense against infection and in inflammatory diseases; however, the physiological function of IL-17C remains poorly understood. Using mice deficient in IL-17C, we demonstrate that this cytokine is crucial for the regulation of an acute experimental colitis elicited by dextran sulfate sodium. In this model, mice lacking IL-17C exhibited exacerbated disease that was associated with increased IL-17 expression by γδ T cells and Th17 cells. Moreover, IL-17C directly regulated the expression of the tight junction molecule occludin by colonic epithelial cells. Thus, our data suggest that IL-17C plays a critical role in maintaining mucosal barrier integrity.
Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin-Dependent Basophils Promote Th2 Cytokine Responses following Intestinal Helminth Infection
Authors: Giacomin Paul R. , Siracusa Mark C. , Walsh Kevin P. , Grencis Richard K. , Kubo Masato , Comeau Michael R. , Artis David 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
CD4+ Th2 cytokine responses promote the development of allergic inflammation and are critical for immunity to parasitic helminth infection. Recent studies highlighted that basophils can promote Th2 cytokine-mediated inflammation and that phenotypic and functional heterogeneity exists between classical IL-3–elicited basophils and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP)-elicited basophils. However, whether distinct basophil populations develop after helminth infection and their relative contributions to anti-helminth immune responses remain to be defined. After Trichinella spiralis infection of mice, we show that basophil responses are rapidly induced in multiple tissue compartments, including intestinal-draining lymph nodes. Trichinella-induced basophil responses were IL-3–IL-3R independent but critically dependent on TSLP–TSLPR interactions. Selective depletion of basophils after Trichinella infection impaired infection-induced CD4+ Th2 cytokine responses, suggesting that TSLP-dependent basophils augment Th2 cytokine responses after helminth infection. The identification and functional classification of TSLP-dependent basophils in a helminth infection model, coupled with their recently described role in promoting atopic dermatitis, suggests that these cells may be a critical population in promoting Th2 cytokine-associated inflammation in a variety of inflammatory or infectious settings. Collectively, these data suggest that the TSLP–basophil pathway may represent a new target in the design of therapeutic intervention strategies to promote or limit Th2 cytokine-dependent immunity and inflammation.
TheYaaLocus and IFN-α Fine-Tune Germinal Center B Cell Selection in Murine Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Moisini Ioana , Huang Weiqing , Bethunaickan Ramalingam , Sahu Ranjit , Ricketts Peta-Gay , Akerman Meredith , Marion Tony , Lesser Martin , Davidson Anne 
Published: October 2012

AbstractMale NZW/BXSB.Yaa (W/B) mice express two copies of TLR7 and develop pathogenic autoantibodies, whereas females with only one copy of TLR7 have attenuated disease. Our goal was to analyze the regulation of the autoantibody response in male and female W/B mice bearing the autoreactive site-directed H chain transgene 3H9. Serum anti-dsDNA Abs appeared in males at 12 wk, and most had high-titer IgG anti-dsDNA and anti-cardiolipin Abs and developed &gt;300 mg/dl proteinuria by 8 mo. Females had only low-titer IgG anti-cardiolipin Abs, and none developed proteinuria by 1 y. Males had a smaller marginal zone than females with a repertoire that was distinct from the follicular repertoire, indicating that the loss of marginal zone B cells was not due to diversion to the follicular compartment. Vk5-43 and Vk5-48, which were rare in the naive repertoire, were markedly overrepresented in the germinal center repertoire of both males and females, but the VJ junctions differed between males and females with higher-affinity autoreactive B cells being selected into the germinal centers of males. Administration of IFN-α to females induced anti-cardiolipin and anti-DNA autoantibodies and proteinuria and was associated with a male pattern of junctional diversity in Vk5-43 and Vk5-48. Our studies are consistent with the hypothesis that presence of the Yaa locus, which includes an extra copy of Tlr7, or administration of exogenous IFN-α relaxes the stringency for selection in the germinal centers resulting in increased autoreactivity of the Ag-driven B cell repertoire.