bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Down‐regulated lysosomal processing improved pegylated lipopolyplex‐mediated gene transfection
Authors: Bai Jing , Liu Yujie , Sun Wenqiang , Chen Jian , Miller Andrew D. , Xu Yuhong 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundNonviral lipid‐based gene delivery vectors have been shown to possess better stability and a longer circulation time after surface poly(ethylene glycol) PEG modification. However, surface PEGylation may decrease the transfection efficiency dramatically. In the present study, we addressed the hypothesis that down‐regulating lysosomal processing with a clinical available proton pump inhibitor omeprazole might decrease the sequestration of PEGylated Lipid‐Mu‐DNA (LMD) in intracellular organelles, thereby increasing their transfection efficiencies.MethodsLMD nanoparticles were prepared by the self‐assembling of cationic liposomes, peptide Mu and plasmid DNA. The characteristics of LMD lipopolyplexes were detected by scanning electron microscopy, photon correlation spectroscopy and DNA gel electrophoresis. They were added to cultured cells with or without omeprazole pretreatment. The detailed cellular uptake and subcellular distribution were followed by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Gene transfection efficiencies were evaluated in four cell lines, as well as in xenograft tumor models.ResultsLysosome staining revealed that 0.1 mg/ml (290 μM) omeprazole raised the pH value of intracellular acidic organelles and induced alterations in the lysosomal compartments. Confocal microscopy showed that more gene materials distributed from intracellular organelles to cytoplasms with omeprazole treatment. A luciferase gene transfection assay showed that omeprazole (probably at a nontoxic concentration) increased PEGylated LMD transfection efficiency significantly in human (NCI‐H1299, HT‐1080 and A375) and mouse (4T1) cell lines, as well as in tumors of H1299 xenograft tumor models (p < 0.05).ConclusionsOmeprazole might be used as a helper to improve gene transfection efficiencies of some PEGylated gene delivery vectors both in vitro and in vivo. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inertia‐gravity wave in the polar mesopause region inferred from successive images of a meteor train
Authors: Suzuki Hidehiko , Nakamura Takuji , Vadas Sharon L. , Tsutsumi Masaki , Taguchi Makoto , Fujiwara Yasunori 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA fireball meteor with a visual magnitude over −6 followed by a persistent train was observed by two all‐sky cameras for detecting the aurora and sodium airglow at Syowa Station (69.0°S, 39.5°E), Antarctica, on 7 June 2008. The orbit and other parameters of the fireball were estimated with an all‐sky television camera for detecting the aurora. After the passage of this fireball, a circular train in the Na airglow was observed. This train expanded to a diameter of about 50 km in 9 min. Assuming that the fireball contained and emitted Na, we found this ring to span the altitudes of z = 76 to 87 km. The ring's mean motion was most likely caused by a large‐scale, inertia‐gravity wave with a vertical wavelength of ~16 km and an amplitude of ~30 m/s in the mesopause region.
Monsoons in a changing world: A regional perspective in a global context
Authors: Kitoh Akio , Endo Hirokazu , Krishna Kumar K. , Cavalcanti Iracema F. A. , Goswami Prashant , Zhou Tianjun 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWe provide a new view of global and regional monsoonal rainfall, and their changes in the 21st century under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios as projected by 29 climate models that participated in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5. The model results show that the global monsoon area defined by the annual range in precipitation is projected to expand mainly over the central to eastern tropical Pacific, the southern Indian Ocean, and eastern Asia. The global monsoon precipitation intensity and the global monsoon total precipitation are also projected to increase. Indices of heavy precipitation are projected to increase much more than those for mean precipitation. Over the Asian monsoon domain, projected changes in extreme precipitation indices are larger than over other monsoon domains, indicating the strong sensitivity of Asian monsoon to global warming. Over the American and African monsoon regions, projected future changes in mean precipitation are rather modest, but those in precipitation extremes are large. Models project that monsoon retreat dates will delay, while onset dates will either advance or show no change, resulting in lengthening of the monsoon season. However, models’ limited ability to reproduce the present monsoon climate and the large scatter among the model projections limit the confidence in the results. The projected increase of the global monsoon precipitation can be attributed to an increase of moisture convergence due to increased surface evaporation and water vapor in the air column although offset to a certain extent by the weakening of the monsoon circulation.
Volcanic sulfate deposition to Greenland and Antarctica: A modeling sensitivity study
Authors: Toohey Matthew , Krüger Kirstin , Timmreck Claudia 
Published: April 2013

AbstractReconstructions of the atmospheric sulfate aerosol burdens resulting from past volcanic eruptions are based on ice core‐derived estimates of volcanic sulfate deposition and the assumption that the two quantities are directly proportional. We test this assumption within simulations of tropical volcanic stratospheric sulfur injections with the MAECHAM5‐HAM aerosol‐climate model. An ensemble of 70 simulations is analyzed, with SO2 injections ranging from 8.5 to 700 Tg, with eruptions in January and July. Modeled sulfate deposition flux to Antarctica shows excellent spatial correlation with ice core‐derived estimates for Pinatubo and Tambora, although the comparison suggests the modeled flux to the ice sheets is 4–5 times too large. We find that Greenland and Antarctic deposition efficiencies (the ratio of sulfate flux to each ice sheet to the maximum hemispheric stratospheric sulfate aerosol burden) vary as a function of the magnitude and season of stratospheric sulfur injection. Changes in simulated sulfate deposition for large SO2 injections are connected to increases in aerosol particle size, which impact aerosol sedimentation velocity and radiative properties, the latter leading to strong dynamical changes including strengthening of the winter polar vortices, which inhibits the transport of stratospheric aerosols to high latitudes. The resulting relationship between Antarctic and Greenland volcanic sulfate deposition is nonlinear for very large eruptions, with significantly less sulfate deposition to Antarctica than to Greenland. These model results suggest that variability of deposition efficiency may be an important consideration in the interpretation of ice core sulfate signals for eruptions of Tambora‐magnitude and larger.
Workplace racial/ethnic similarity, job satisfaction, and lumbar back health among warehouse workers: Asymmetric reactions across racial/ethnic groups
Authors: Hoppe Annekatrin , Fujishiro Kaori , Heaney Catherine A. 
Published: April 2013

SummaryRacial and ethnic minority employees constitute a significant proportion of the U.S. workforce. The literature on demographic similarity in the workplace suggests that the proportion of co‐workers who share the same racial/ethnic background (racial/ethnic similarity) can influence job attitudes and employee well‐being and that the reactions to racial/ethnic similarity may differ between the racially dominant and subordinate groups. This study applies status construction theory to examine the extent to which racial/ethnic similarity is associated with job satisfaction and lumbar back health among warehouse employees. We surveyed 361 warehouse workers (204 whites, 94 African‐Americans, and 63 Latino workers) in 68 jobs in nine distribution centers in the United States. Multilevel analyses indicate that white and racial/ethnic minority groups react differently to racial/ethnic similarity. For job satisfaction, white employees experience higher job satisfaction when they are highly racially/ethnically similar to their colleagues, whereas Latino employees experience higher job satisfaction when they are racially/ethnically dissimilar to others. As for lumbar back health, among Latino and African‐American employees, higher racial/ethnic similarity is associated with better lumbar back health whereas for white employees, the association is the opposite. Across all groups, moderate levels of racial/ethnic similarity were associated with the best lumbar back health. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanics of post‐cam engagement during simulated dynamic activity
Authors: Fitzpatrick Clare K. , Clary Chadd W. , Cyr Adam J. , Maletsky Lorin P. , Rullkoetter Paul J. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractPosterior‐stabilized (PS) total knee arthroplasty (TKA) components employ a tibial post and femoral cam mechanism to guide anteroposterior knee motion in lieu of the posterior cruciate ligament. Some PS TKA patients report a clicking sensation when the post and cam engage, while severe wear and fracture of the post; we hypothesize that these complications are associated with excessive impact velocity at engagement. We evaluated the effect of implant design on engagement dynamics of the post‐cam mechanism and resulting polyethylene stresses during dynamic activity. In vitro simulation of a knee bend activity was performed for four cadaveric specimens implanted with PS TKA components. Post‐cam engagement velocity and flexion angle at initial contact were determined. The experimental data were used to validate computational predictions of PS mechanics using the same loading conditions. A lower limb model was subsequently utilized to compare engagement mechanics of eight TKA designs, relating differences between implants to geometric design features. Flexion angle and post‐cam velocity at engagement demonstrated considerable ranges among designs (23°–89°, and 0.05–0.22 mm/°, respectively). Post‐cam velocity was correlated (r = 0.89) with tibiofemoral condylar design features. Condylar geometry, in addition to post‐cam geometry, played a significant role in minimizing engagement velocity and forces and stresses in the post. This analysis guides selection and design of PS implants that facilitate smooth post‐cam engagement and reduce edge loading of the post. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31:1438–1446, 2013
Grieving, Learning, and Growing
Authors: Schuttler Richard , Lentz Cheryl 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe process of organizational and personal improvement can often be a daunting challenge, particularly for organizational and executive leaders. To address this process, the authors offer a cognitive learning strategy for any leader to consider as part of his or her personal development process based on the nexus of Elisabeth Kübler‐Ross's stages of grief, Benjamin Bloom's cognitive taxonomy, and Richard Schuttler's executive mentoring model. In a time when formal and informal leaders are needed to set a great example, the industry of mentoring (and coaching) appears to have many people trying to help others, yet perhaps not all of them have the foundational underpinnings of knowledge needed to fully understand the emotional reactions or steps to learning.
Survival–Recovery Effect: Military Wives With Soldier–Husbands Deployed to the Operation Iraqi Freedom Conflict
Authors: Chambers Joan E. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractTypical stressful emotions for wartime military wives have not changed since the Vietnam War. Given the catastrophic nature of the Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) war of the 21st century, growing concerns have emerged from the public regarding this population's psychological and physical health. A qualitative phenomenological analysis explored an in‐depth OIF deployment separation on eight military wives' psychological, physical, and spiritual well‐being with soldier‐husbands' indefinite deployment. From the dominant thematic findings emerged an overall experience for this population, named a “survival‐recovery effect.” Results strikingly mirrored previous empirical research that confirmed the military wives have been unprepared to manage war‐induced deployment separations. Implications suggested a critical need to develop intervention support services and programs aimed at addressing the unique wartime stressors for this population. Insights from these women have the potential to guide future military wives through a wartime crisis. Findings have wide benefits for the military wife population vital to soldier retention, segments of the military and civilian scientific communities, and the field of psychology. Future recommendations and limitations are outlined.
Scholarship in Administration: Connecting With the University Culture
Authors: Coe Aaron D. , Heitner Keri L. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis phenomenological hermeneutic study explored the meaning found in the lived experience of producing scholarship for five higher education administrators from within the major areas of administration in higher education—academic affairs, business affairs, and student affairs—from a single research university. In the historical and recent scholarship about the three fields of higher education, one issue that has not been addressed is the meaning found in producing scholarship as an administrator. Thus, the challenges and rewards of producing scholarship as a practicing administrator, creating the first step toward a possible new era in the practice of scholarship on college campuses, were explored. Individual semistructured interviews were the primary source of data, and the authors used a three‐step data analysis process to develop both an understanding of what producing scholarship means for each participant and an interpretation of the meaning of producing scholarship as a higher education administrator. Across all the lived experiences of the various scholarly endeavors, each administrator was more connected to education and contributed more to the educational environment by participating in scholarly activities. The administrators were found to be more connected to the people within the university, to their own field of practice, and to the university itself.
Individual and combined effects of genistein and hesperidin supplementation on meat quality in meat‐type broiler chickens
Authors: Kamboh Asghar A , Zhu Wei‐Yun 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDThere is growing interest in improving the production and meat quality of farm animals through dietary supplementation with phytochemical (e.g. flavonoids)‐rich plants and/or their extracts. This study was conducted to analyse the supplemental effects of two purified flavonoids (genistein and hesperidin) individually and in combination on the oxidative status, sensory score and quality of breast meat in meat‐type broiler chickens.RESULTSA significant increase (P < 0.05) in meat colour (L* score) and pH was observed for the group supplemented with 20 mg kg−1 genistein and hesperidin. Water‐holding capacity was also improved significantly (P < 0.01) for all genistein‐ and hesperidin‐treated groups, while the sensory quality of breast meat remained unaffected. Lipid oxidation of breast meat was reduced significantly (P < 0.01) at 0 and 15 days of refrigeration in a dose‐dependent manner for all supplemented groups. Meanwhile, some treated groups showed improved (P < 0.05) body weight, feed/gain ratio and hot carcass weight.CONCLUSIONGenistein and hesperidin supplementation to broilers improved meat quality in a dose‐dependent fashion, with pronounced effects of combined treatment. The results indicated that purified flavonoids such as genistein and hesperidin could potentially be used as feed additives in broiler production to promote meat quality. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Functional properties of wheat starch with different particle size distribution
Authors: Zeng Jie , Gao Haiyan , Li GuangLei 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDFunctional properties of wheat starches with different particle size distribution were investigated.RESULTSA‐granules displayed a disc shape and B‐granules displayed a spherical shape. A‐granules had the highest conclusion temperature (Tc, 80.28 °C) and gelatinisation enthalpy (3.268 J g−1) and B‐granules had the highest peak temperature (Tp, 66.00 °C) and the lowest gelatinisation enthalpy (2.237 J g−1). The gelatinisation onset temperature (To), the peak temperature (Tp), Tc and retrogradation of mixed starches increased with the increase of the ratio of B‐granules, while the enthalpy, all the viscosity parameters and syneresis of mixed starches decreased with the increase of the ratio of B granules. B‐granules had a higher pasting temperature. The sample of B/A = 0.5/10 had the highest peak, breakdown and final viscosity. The percentage of water separated from B‐granule gels was minimal, indicated that B‐type gels were more stable than other samples. The ΔH2 of A‐granules was obviously higher than that of B‐granules. However, during storage, the ΔH2 of the starch paste was dramatically increased and the ΔH2 of B‐granules was obviously higher than that of A‐granules.CONCLUSIONB‐granules were easier to age than A‐granules and most of the properties of wheat starches varied significantly with the ratio of B‐granules. The relationship between structure and functionality of wheat starch received further verification. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
A Dual Enzyme Microgel with High Antioxidant Ability Based on Engineered Seleno‐Ferritin and Artificial Superoxide Dismutase
Authors: Gao Yuzhou , Hou Chunxi , Zhou Lipeng , Zhang Dongmei , Zhang Chunqiu , Miao Lu , Wang Liang , Dong Zeyuan , Luo Quan , Liu Junqiu 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAn antioxidant microgel with both glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities is reported. Using computational design and genetic engineering methods, the main catalytic components of GPx are fabricated onto the surface of ferritin. The resulting seleno‐ferritin (Se‐Fn) monomers can self‐assemble into nanocomposites that exhibit remarkable GPx activity due to the well organized multi‐GPx catalytic centers. Subsequently, a porphyrin derivative is synthesized as an SOD mimic, and is employed to construct a synergistic dual enzyme system by crosslinking Se‐Fn nanocomposites into a microgel. Significantly, this dual enzyme microgel is demonstrated to display better antioxidant ability than single GPx or SOD mimics in protecting cells from oxidative damage. magnified image
A High‐Efficiency Strategy for Synthesizing Cyclic Polymers of Methacryates in One Pot
Authors: Zhu Xing , Zhou Nianchen , Zhu Jian , Zhang Zhengbiao , Zhang Wei , Cheng Zhenping , Tu Yingfeng , Zhu Xiulin 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAn unprecedented strategy for the high‐efficiency preparation of the cyclic polymers is developed. In this strategy, the atom transfer radical polymerization, the substitution of chain‐end halide by azide group and Cu‐catalyzed alkyne–azide cyclization, i.e., the frequently used three separated steps for the preparation of cyclic polymers, are integrated into a one‐pot reaction by the introduction of a “regulator”. The kernel of this novel strategy is the utilization of the different rates between the competitive ATRP propagation and SN2 substitution of a tertiary‐carbon halogen and secondary‐carbon halogen. 0.55 g (yield = 59%) cyclic poly(methyl methacrylate) is obtained from 3.0 mL reaction solution. This work proposed a high‐efficiency and bright promising strategy for the preparation of cyclic polymer, which would evoke more research interests on cyclic polymer.magnified image
Improved respiratory efficiency of 3D late gadolinium enhancement imaging using the continuously adaptive windowing strategy (CLAWS)
Authors: Keegan Jennifer , Jhooti Permi , Babu‐Narayan Sonya V , Drivas Peter , Ernst Sabine , Firmin David N. 
Published: April 2013

PurposeAcquisition durations of navigator‐gated high‐resolution three‐dimensional late gadolinium enhancement studies may typically be up to 10 min, depending on the respiratory efficiency and heart rate. Implementation of the continuously adaptive windowing strategy (CLAWS) could increase respiratory efficiency, but the resulting non‐smooth k‐space acquisition order during gadolinium wash‐out could result in increased artifact.MethodsNavigator‐gated three‐dimensional late gadolinium enhancement acquisitions were performed in 18 patients using tracking end‐expiratory accept/reject (EE‐ARA) and CLAWS algorithms in random order.ResultsRetrospective analysis of the stored navigator data shows that CLAWS scan times are very close to (within 1%) or equal to the fastest achievable scan times while EE‐ARA significantly extends the acquisition duration (P < 0.0001). EE‐ARA acquisitions are 26% longer than CLAWS acquisitions (378 ± 104 s compared to 301 ± 85 s, P = 0.002). Image quality scores for CLAWS and EE‐ARA acquisitions are not significantly different (4.1 ± 0.6 compared to 4.3 ± 0.6, P = ns). Numerical phantom simulations show that the non‐uniform k‐space ordering introduced by CLAWS results in slight, but not statistically significant, reductions in both blood signal‐to‐noise ratio (10%) and blood‐myocardium contrast‐to‐noise ratio (12%).ConclusionsCLAWS results in markedly reduced acquisition durations compared to EE‐ARA without significant detriment to the image quality. Magn Reson Med 71:1064–1074, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Morphological Characteristics of Healthy and Osteoarthritic Joint Surfaces in Archaeological Skeletons
Authors: Plomp K. A. , Roberts C. A. , Strand Viðarsdόttir U. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractOsteoarthritis is a major health concern in living populations, as well as being one of the most common pathological lesions identified in the archaeological record. The aetiology of the disease remains unclear, with a multi‐factorial influence of physical strain, age, genetics, and obesity. Previous studies have identified a relationship between the presence of knee osteoarthritis on the distal femoral joint and the morphology of the intercondylar notch, patellar groove, and medial condyle. The current study expands this research to investigate the relationship between distal femoral, distal humeral, and proximal ulnar joint morphology and osteoarthritis with 3D shape analysis techniques. These methods provide a more detailed analysis of joint morphology in order to determine any relationship between 3D shape and osteoarthritis. The results indicate a complex relationship between joint shape and knee osteoarthritis, with eburnated right femora showing a statistically significant association. The shapes associated with eburnated or affected femoral joints can be explained by osteophyte development, and therefore likely represent systematic shape changes and not a particular joint shape predisposing individuals to the condition. There was no identifiable relationship found in the proximal ulna or distal humerus, indicating that joint shape is unlikely to influence the development of the condition in the elbow joint and that any shape changes produced by osteoarthritis are not systematic or quantifiable. The joints analysed in this study were highly influenced by asymmetry, sexual dimorphism, and allometry, resulting in a small sample size of affected joints in many datasets. Further analyses of large skeletal samples are needed to more thoroughly investigate the possible relationship of distal femoral joint shape and osteoarthritis. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.