bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A fast multiscale Galerkin method for ill-posed integral equations with not
exactly given input data via Tikhonov regularization
Authors: Luo Xingjun , Yang Xu , Huang Xiantong , Li Fanchun 
Published: September 2012

Abstract.
In this paper we develop a fast
multiscale Galerkin method solving ill-posed integral equations with not
exactly given input data
via Tikhonov regularization. The method leads to fast
solutions of discrete Tikhonov regularization. The
convergence rates of the Tikhonov regularization are achieved
by using a modified discrepancy principle. Finally, numerical
experiments are given to illustrate the efficiency of the method.
On some identification problem for source function to one semievolutionary system
Authors: Belov Yuri Y. , Kopylova Vera G. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract.
We solve an identification problem for source functions to one-dimensional second order parabolic-elliptic system. Considered the system of equations obtained from the original system, where the time derivative added to the elliptic equation, containing a small parameter , we prove the following: the solvability “in general” of the inverse problem for , uniqueness of classical solutions of the inverse problem, periodicity of the spatial variable solutions of approximating problems for , a priori (uniform in ) estimates of solutions of approximating problems, convergence on the basis of the a priori estimates of solutions approximating the inverse problems to solutions original for , the rate of convergence (order ) of solutions of approximating problems in classes of continuous functions. An identification problem of source functions in the system of composite type is treated by some authors. The case where the unknown component of the vector source function in the equation that does not contain the small parameter was studied by Belov (2010).
A practical method for reducing blindness due to retinopathy of prematurity in a developing country
Authors: Gordillo Luz , Villanueva Ana Maria , Quinn Graham E. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract

Background: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a common cause of blindness in countries with rapidly developing systems of neonatal care. At present, detection and treatment programs are not widely available in many regions of middle- and low-income countries.

Subject population: Case series.

Methods: An analysis was undertaken to determine in which neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in Peru babies blind from ROP had been cared for. Demographic and hospital information was gathered for children blind from ROP presenting before the age of 5 years. NICUs with a high likelihood of having ROP-blind children were offered training and equipment designed to improve neonatal care.

Results: Ninety-one children with ROP blindness were identified. Twenty-six percent were <1000 g at birth, and 17% had birth weights of >1500 g. Forty-six percent came from NICUs in Lima. Interventional workshops emphasizing neonatal care and oxygen administration have been conducted thus far in six of the 13 largest NICUs in Lima. The percentage of at-risk babies being examined has generally increased, whereas the percentage of babies requiring treatment decreased in three NICUs and increased slightly in two, and no preworkshop data were available in one.

Conclusion: This report represents the initial results of an evidence-based approach to decreasing blindness from ROP in Peru. Workshops emphasizing neonatal care, especially targeting oxygen administration, provide methods for improving care of at-risk babies.
Intravenous iron treatment in pregnancy: comparison of high-dose ferric carboxymaltose vs. iron sucrose
Authors: Christoph Patricia , Schuller Christine , Studer Hanna , Irion Olivier , De Tejada Begoña Martinez , Surbek Daniel 
Published: September 2012

Abstract

Objective: Oral iron substitution has shown to be insufficient for treatment of severe iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy. Ferric carboxymaltose is a new intravenous (i.v.) iron formulation promising to be more effective and as safe as iron sucrose. We aimed to assess side effects and tolerance of ferric carboxymaltose compared to i.v. iron sucrose in pregnant women.

Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of 206 pregnant women who were treated either with ferric carboxymaltose or iron sucrose for iron-deficiency anemia with intolerability to oral iron substitution, or insufficient hemoglobin increase after oral iron treatment, or need for rapid hemoglobin reconstitution. Primary endpoint was to evaluate the maternal safety and tolerability. Secondary endpoint was to assess efficacy of the treatment and exclude safety concerns for the fetus.

Results: The incidence of drug-related adverse events was low and mostly mild in both groups. Mild adverse events occurred in 7.8% for ferric carboxymaltose and in 10.7% for iron sucrose. The mean rise of hemoglobin value was 15.4 g/L for ferric carboxymaltose and 11.7 g/L for iron sucrose.

Conclusion: Ferric carboxymaltose administration in pregnant women is well tolerated and is not associated with any relevant clinical safety concerns. Ferric carboxymaltose has a comparable safety profile to iron sucrose but offers the advantage of a much higher iron dosage at a time reducing the need for repeated applications and increasing patients’ comfort. Ferric carboxymaltose is the drug of choice, if i.v. iron treatment becomes necessary in the second or third trimester of pregnancy.
Can discordance in CRL at the first trimester predict birth weight discordance in twin pregnancies?
Authors: Weissmann-Brenner Alina , Weisz Boaz , Achiron Reuven , Shrim Alon 
Published: September 2012

Abstract

Objective: To examine the correlation between measurements of crown rump length (CRL), nuchal translucency (NT), and birth weight in dichorionic (DC) and monochorionic (MC) twin pregnancies.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on all twin term pregnancies delivered between 2001 and 2007 at the McGill University Health Center. Data collected included maternal age, CRL and NT measurement, results of glucose challenge test, birth weight and length, gestational age at delivery, and fetal gender.

Results: The study population comprised 792 fetuses: 94 MC/DA and 698 DC/DA. Maternal age, gestational age at delivery, birth weight, and birth length were all significantly higher for the DC group. Male fetuses had significantly higher NT and higher birth weight than female fetuses. Discordance in CRL was found to correlate with discordance in birth weight in the entire study population (P<0.0001, R=0.25), in the DC twins (P<0.0001, R=0.275), but not in MC twins (R=0.10, P=0.33). CRL discordance above the 90th percentile (>12%) predicted 14/40 pregnancies with birth weight discordance above the 90th percentile (>24%) [P<0.001, LR=4.1 (2.6–6.2)]. CRL discordance above the 95th percentile (>16%) predicted 5/21 pregnancies with birth weight discordance above the 95th percentile (>30%) [P<0.001, LR=5.5 (2.6–10.4)]. NT discordance was correlated with CRL discordance (R=0.15, P<0.0001), but not with birth weight, regardless of chorionicity or gender.

Conclusion: In twin pregnancies, CRL discordance in first trimester can predict discordance of more than 25% in neonatal birth weight.
Central-peripheral temperature gradient: an early diagnostic sign of late-onset neonatal sepsis in very low birth weight infants
Authors: Leante-Castellanos José Luis , Lloreda-García José M. , García-González Ana , Llopis-Baño Caridad , Fuentes-Gutiérrez Carmen , Alonso-Gallego José Ángel , Martínez-Gimeno Antonio 
Published: September 2012

Abstract

Aims: We assessed central-peripheral temperature gradient alteration for the diagnosis of late-onset neonatal sepsis and compared earliness detection of this sign with altered blood cell count and C-reactive protein.

Method: Thirty-one preterm babies (<1500 g or <32 weeks) participated in an observational prospective study. Axillary (central) and sole (peripheral) temperatures were continuously monitored with a thermal probe (ThermoTracer; Dräger Medical AGF & Co. KgaA, Lübeck, Germany) adjusting incubator air temperature for a thermal gradient <1.5°C. Central-peripheral temperature alteration was defined as a thermal gradient >2°C that could not be corrected with protocolized air temperature modifications. Proven (positive blood culture) sepsis and probable late-onset sepsis were recorded.

Results: Late-onset sepsis was diagnosed in 11 neonates (proven, 9; probable, 2). Thermal gradient alteration was present in 12 cases, in association with the onset of sepsis in 10 and concomitantly with a ductus arteriosus and stage 1 necrotizing enterocolitis in 2. Thermal gradient alteration had a sensitivity of 90.9% [95% confidence interval (CI), 62.3–98.4] and specificity of 90% (95% CI, 69.9–97.2%), and in 80% of cases, it occurred before abnormal laboratory findings.

Conclusions: Central-peripheral temperature gradient monitoring is a feasible, non-invasive, and simple tool easily applicable in daily practice. An increase of >2°C showed a high-sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of late-onset sepsis.
Rapid neonatal weight gain increases risk of childhood overweight in offspring of diabetic mothers
Authors: Plagemann Andreas , Harder Thomas , Rodekamp Elke , Kohlhoff Rainer 
Published: September 2012

Abstract

Aim: Increased neonatal weight gain has been suggested as risk factor for later overweight. Offspring of diabetic mothers (ODM) have a long-term increased overweight risk. However, the role of early postnatal weight gain for later overweight has not been addressed so far in ODM. We investigated whether increased weight gain during the first 4 months is related to later overweight in ODM.

Methods: Determinants of childhood overweight and neonatal weight gain were analyzed in 152 ODM from the Kaulsdorf Cohort Study by MANOVA and regression analyses.

Results: Independent of birth weight, weight gain during the first 4 months was positively related to childhood relative body weight (P=0.001). Each 100 g-increase in weight during this period increased overweight risk by 65% (95%CI: 10–247%). ODM with rapid early weight gain had a more than six-fold increased risk of later overweight (OR: 6.77; 95%CI: 1.36–33.6). Early neonatal intake of breast milk from metabolically healthy mothers protected from rapid early weight gain (P=0.03).

Conclusions: Increased weight gain during the first 4 months of life is a strong, independent risk factor for childhood overweight in ODM. Preventing nutritionally-induced rapid early weight gain in ODM might be a promising strategy to lower their long-term overweight risk.
Induction of labor after a prior cesarean delivery: lessons from a population-based study
Authors: Shatz Lea , Novack Lena , Mazor Moshe , Weisel Ruthy Beer , Dukler Doron , Rafaeli-Yehudai Tal , Israeli Osnat , Erez Offer 
Published: September 2012

Abstract

Objectives: The aims of this study were (1) to determine the success rate of induction of labor (IOL) in women with a prior cesarean section (CS) and (2) to compare the perinatal outcome of a trial of labor (TOL) in women with one prior CS who had an IOL, spontaneous onset of labor, or an elective repeated CS (ERCS).

Material and methods: This study population was divided into three groups: women who had (1) ERCS (n=1916), (2) spontaneous TOL (n=4263), and (3) IOL (n=1576).

Results: (1) The rate of IOL in the study cohort was 20.3%; of these, 67.4% had a successful vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC). (2) Patients in the spontaneous TOL group had a higher VBAC rate than did those who had IOL (P<0.001). (3) The rate of uterine rupture was comparable among all study groups. And (4) a prior vaginal birth increased the likelihood of having a successful induction and a VBAC by 50%.

Conclusion: IOL in patients with a previous CS is successful in about two-thirds of the cases. Induction is a safe and useful tool that can serve as an alternative for ERCS and assist to reduce the rate of ERCS.
Estimation of thermal conductivity of PP/Al(OH)3/Mg(OH)2 composites
Authors: Liang Ji-Zhao 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
The thermal conductivity of polypropylene (PP) composites filled with Al(OH)3 and Mg(OH)2 was measured by means of the stable flat measuring instrument at different testing temperatures. The effective thermal conductivity of the composites was estimated by applying the thermal conductivity equation proposed previously, and the estimations were compared with the experimental measured data under the same experimental conditions. The results showed that the calculations and measurements of the effective thermal conductivity were close to each other when the volume fraction of the Al(OH)3/Mg(OH)2 powder was <10.4%. Moreover, the effective thermal conductivity of the composites was estimated using the Russell model and the Maxwell-Eucken model, and the predictions were compared with the experimental data and the estimations of this equation. It was found that the estimations of this equation were closer to the experimental data than those of the Russell model and Maxwell-Eucken model.
Influence of hydrostatic pressure and volumetric strain on the mechanical long term behavior of polymers
Authors: Naumann Tobias , Stommel Markus 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
One of the most crucial issues in developing a material model to describe the long term behaviour of polymers is to represent adequately the load dependency of the considered material. In many publications, it is shown that the free volume affects the mechanical behavior of polymers. For a further investigation of the dependency of the creep behavior on free volume, different experiments are presented in this paper. In one experiment, the creep behavior under tension and shear are compared, to see how the different hydrostatic pressures in these tests influence mechanical behavior. Furthermore, tensile creep tests under different hydrostatic pressures are conducted experimentally. The experiments are conducted on a polycarbonate, a polypropylene and a polymethyl methacrylate. It is shown that the hydrostatic pressure has a significant influence on the creep behavior of all three materials. This effect is related to the change of free volume.
Investigation of the processing, the mechanical properties, and the morphology of short glass fiber-reinforced polypropylene-layered silicate composites
Authors: Hopmann Christian , Michaeli Walter , Puch Florian 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPolypropylene composites containing layered silicate and glass fibers are prepared by melt compounding. To investigate the influence of the processing conditions on the mechanical properties and the morphology of short glass fiber-reinforced polypropylene-layered silicate composites, the process parameters are varied while preparing the composites. The processing conditions affect the mechanical properties and the morphology. The investigations suggest that a short glass fiber-reinforced polypropylene-layered silicate composite should be compounded at a maximum barrel temperature of 200°C, a throughput of 30 kg/h at a screw speed of 500 min-1 and a screw configuration, which introduces a large amount of shear energy into the composite. These processing conditions lead to a comparatively high specific mechanical energy input of 206 Wh/kg and to the best set of mechanical properties of the investigated materials. However, the morphology of the investigated short glass fiber-reinforced nanocomposites does not show significant differences and has to be investigated further.
Surface properties of the in situ formed ceramic-reinforced composite coating on TA15 alloy
Authors: Wei Li , Shaofu Shan , Qianghan Fang 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA hard composite coating was fabricated by laser alloying of the Co-Fe-Al+B4C-Si3N4 mixed powders on TA15 (Ti-6Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V) titanium alloy in an open system. The composite coating mainly consisted of γ-Co, TiB2, TiB, TiC0.3N0.7, SiC, Ti3Al, FeAl, and Co-Ti intermetallics. The TEM diffraction pattern results indicated that the orientation relationship between TiB2 and TiC0.3N0.7 was (1-20)TiB2//(2-20)TiC0.3N0.7 in such a coating. Furthermore, during the alloying process, a number of Mo and Zr entered into the molten pool from the substrate due to the dilution effect, which refined the microstructures of the composite coating and also increased the amorphous phase content.
Polyethylene Oxide-Polystyrene Oxide Triblock Copolymers as Biological-Responsive Nanocarriers.
Authors: Cambón Adriana , Rey-Rico Ana , Barbosa Silvia , Brea Jose , Loza M. I. , Yeates Stephen G. , Alvarez-Lorenzo Carmen , Concheiro Angel , Taboada Pablo , Mosquera Victor 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTThe present work presents the synthesis, characterization and evaluation of the biocompatibility and ability to dissolve and chemically protect the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOXO) of two polyethylene oxide-polystyrene oxide triblock copolymers, EO33SO13EO33 and EO38SO10EO38, where EO and SO denote the ethylene oxide and styrene oxide blocks, respectively. Block copolymer length and SO/EO ratio were selected with the objective of ensuring an optimal compromise between chain solubility, micelle formation ability and core size for enhanced drug solubilization. The temporal stability of the drug-loaded micelles and drug release profile were also analyzed as well as their efficacy as an antitumoral polymeric formulation in vitro by using a multidrug resistant ovarian tumor cell line (NCI-ADR-RES), with the special aim of analyzing the possible capability of both copolymers as potential P-glycoprotein efflux (P-gp) pump inhibitors to enhance DOXO accumulation in this cell line.
Effect of Orientation and Microstructure on the Magnetic Anisotropy of Co/Pd Multilayers
Authors: Broeder Frits J. A. den , Kuiper Dick , Hoving Willem 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTCo/Pd multilayers containing one to eight atomic layers of cobalt and ten atomic layers of palladium per modulation period were prepared in two orienotarteiottnoss, [111]fcc and [001]fcc. The [111] films were polycrystalline, the [001] films were epitaxial.In this paper we compare the magnetic anisotropy of both types of films, which can be described by an interface anisotropy contribution favouring perpendicular magnetization and a volume contribution favouring in-plane magnetization. Depending on the deposition temperature, a perpendicular anisotropy for [111] films is found for up to about six atomic layers of Co. The [001] films however, show perpendicular anisotropy only for Co monolayers or Co bilayers. The large difference between the anisotropies in the two orientations is mainly caused by a strong in-plane anisotropy volume term which exists for [001] films, and which is attributed to the structural deformation of the Co layers from cubic to tetragonal. For both orientations a higher deposition temperature is found to lead to an increase of the interface anisotropy due to smoothing of the layers.
Fe-Ag Superlattices by Molecular Beam Epitaxy
Authors: Mayer S. H. , Gutierrez C. J. , Walker J. C. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTWe have succeeded in producing high quality (110)Fe/(111)Ag superlattices by Molecular Beam Epitaxy. Important parameters in the production of these materials were substrate temperature and effusion rates of the constituents. We have used SQUID magnetometry, Mössbauer spectroscopy and Reflection High Energy Electron Diffraction to demonstrate flatness and continuity of the films down to a thickness of approximately 2 atomic layers for the iron and 5 atomic layers for the silver. In the case of the thinnest iron layers, no large reduction of the ferromagnetic Curie temperature was observed, although this had been suggested and reported by other investigators. Furthermore, there was no indication for this particular growth system that the magnetization of the iron was out of the plane of the film. Variations of the magnetic hyperfine fields observed in the iron films were seen both as a function of iron thickness and as a function of the thickness of the intervening silver layers. For the thinnest films, the temperature dependence of the magnetization showed a linear behavior rather than the traditional T3/2 form.
Structural and Magnetic Properties of Epitaxial Co-Au Superlattices
Authors: Lee C. H. , He Hui , Lamelas F. , Vavra W. , Uher C. , Clarke Roy 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTWe describe measurements on the structural and magnetic properties of Co–Au superlattices grown on Ge–buffered (110) GaAs by molecular beam epitaxy. Samples have been prepared with Co layer thicknesses ranging from 5–40Å and Au spacer layers of constant thickness, ∼ 16Å. X–ray scattering and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy show that the hcp Co layers grow epitaxially with the (0001) axis parallel to (111)Au and with the in–plane Co[1120] axis parallel to GaAs[001]. SQUID magnetometer measurements reveal a crossover in the magnetic anisotropy of the as–grown samples such that the easy axis is perpendicular to the substrate plane when the Co layer thickness is less than ∼19Å.
Novel Magnetic and Opto-Electronic Phenomena in Diluted Magnetic Semiconductor Multilayers
Authors: Furdyna J. K. , Samarth N. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTWe begin by reviewing earlier work involving the epitaxial growth of diluted magnetic semiconductor (DMS) layers, heterostructures and superlattices. We also describe current efforts at introducing new materials – such as Cd1-xMnxSe – to the family of MBE-grown DMS alloys. We then discuss some of the unique properties of DMS materials that make the study of thin film structures attractive, with particular emphasis on two general aspects. First, we look at the new opportunities in magnetism that are provided by epitaxially grown DMS films. Second, we examine some of the novel phenomena made possible by sp-d exchange effects in the context of DMS quantum well structures.
Critical behavior of Epitaxial Antiferromagnetic Insulator Films: Interdigital Capacitance Measurement of Magnetic Specific Heat
Authors: Lui M. , King A. R. , Jaccarino V. , Snider G. L. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTAn interdigital capacitance technique (ICT) for the measurement of magnetic specific heat (Cm) critical behavior of micron-thick epitaxial films of antiferromagnetic insulators (AF) has been developed. It was first applied to a study of high quality 3μm epitaxial films of FeF2 on lattice matching (001) oriented ZnF2 substrates. Under ideal preparatory conditions, the (Cm) results exhibit the divergent critical behavior of a 3-D Ising system. The ICT appears to be a useful method for characterizing the quality of AF films in regard to rms variations in the exchange interactions.
Laser Ablation Deposition (LAD) of Metallic Thin Films
Authors: Rebouiliat J. P. , Michelutti B. , Souche Y. , Gavigan J. P. , Givord D. , Lienard A. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTSeveral experiments have been carried out to characterize the laser ablation deposition of metallic thin films as a function of the various process parameters. Ablation thresholds have been investigated for Al, Cu and Au targets as a function of wavelength as well as the fluence dependence of ablation rate. The effect of electric fields on the particle component of the ablated material has been investigated. Measurements of the velocity distribution of these particles have also been carried out for Al, Cu and Au targets as a function of the laser parameters with a view to using a velocity filter to remove the particles from the ablated beam.