bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cinnamic acid derivatives played a major role in the resistance of peach leaves to Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni infection
Authors: Lu Tailiang , Zhu Pengxiang , Li Haiyan , Liang Ruizheng , Li Yijie , Liang Xin , Wan Baoxiong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPeach bacterial shot hole is a common global disease of peach trees caused by the pathogen Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni (Xap). To preliminarily explore the resistance mechanism of peach bacterial shot hole, leaves of the resistant variety ‘Yanbao’ and the susceptible variety ‘Frederic’ were used as test materials. The contents of total phenols, total flavonoids and lignin were analysed after 1 day of inoculation treatment, and the activities of defence enzymes and cell wall degradation enzymes in the leaves were determined. Furthermore, the resistant substances were screened by combining broad‐target metabolomics technology and in vitro antibacterial activity. The results showed that the contents of total phenols, total flavonoids and lignin in peach leaves were related to resistance. The resistant varieties resisted infection by inhibiting the activities of polygalacturonase (PG) and pectin methyl trans‐eliminase (PMTE) produced by Xap in peach leaves and increasing the activities of 4‐coumarate:coenzyme A ligase (4CL), cinnamic acid‐4‐hydroxylase (C4H), phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and peroxidase (POD). A total of six resistant compounds were screened from 85 differential metabolites. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of methyl ferulate (MF), p‐coumaric acid (p‐CA) and methyl caffeate (MC) on Xap were 0.0625, 00625 and 0.125 mg/mL, respectively, while that of the positive control drug oxytetracycline (OTC) was 0.125 mg/mL. The antibacterial activities of MF and p‐CA were better than that of OTC, and MF was equivalent to OTC. In addition, homoeriodictyol, hesperetin and fraxin have certain antibacterial effects. Before inoculation treatment, the contents of MF, p‐CA and MC in ‘Yanbao’ were 1.13, 1.24 and 1.96 times higher than those in ‘Frederic’, respectively, while they were 1.29, 1.80 and 1.94 times after inoculation treatment, respectively. During the process of pathogen infection, MF and p‐CA in the leaves of resistant peach varieties played a role in inducing resistance, while MC was a component of resistance. The above three cinnamic acid derivatives play an important roles in the resistance of peach bacterial shot hole and are potential control drugs.
Diversity of causal agents of Pseudostellaria heterophylla leaf spot from Guizhou Province, China
Authors: Yao Qiuyu , Zhao Qingfa , Jiang Kaiyun , Li Cheng , Liao Mingwu , Chen Xiangsheng , Li Zhong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPseudostellaria heterophylla, a valuable Chinese herbal medicine, is widely cultivated in China, with a planted area of 5402.7 hm2 in Shibing County, Guizhou Province. The occurrence of leaf spot disease represents a significant challenge in the production area. In this study, 30 samples of P. heterophylla exhibiting symptoms of leaf spot were collected from three primary production areas in Guizhou Province. Following isolation and purification, 51 isolates were classified into two genera based on both cultural and conidial characteristics, along with ITS sequence data. Fourteen representative strains were selected for morphological and multigene molecular identification, which revealed that these representative strains were affiliated with Alternaria arborescens species complex (SC), Alternaria tenuissima, Alternaria gaisen, and Sclerotiophoma versabilis. The isolation rates of Alternaria and Sclerotiophoma were 84.3% and 15.7%, respectively. Pathogenicity tests confirmed the identity of the causal agents and demonstrated varying levels of aggressiveness among the different genera and species of pathogens towards P. heterophylla leaves. This study marks the first identification of A. arborescens SC, A. gaisen, and S. versabilis as pathogens causing leaf spot in P. heterophylla in China.
Service robots and innovation: An ecosystem approach
Authors: Mahr Dominik , Odekerken‐Schröder Gaby , Steins Mark 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe proliferation of service robots has stimulated innovation across industries. These autonomous, physically embodied, and adaptable robots engage in diverse interactions, from patient care to goods delivery and hospitality services. However, the deployment of increasingly capable service robots demands not only designing user–robot interactions, but also holistic innovation management that transcends organizational boundaries and involves various societal stakeholders. Our research draws on the emerging Public Value Theory to examine the types of service robots and the innovation ecosystems that harness the expertise of public and private stakeholders and produce Public Value. Based on literature and an illustrative case study, we conceptualize service robots along characteristics such as autonomy, aesthetics, assistive roles, and user interfaces, and introduce Service Robot‐based Innovation as the ecosystem‐enabled development and employment of such robots. The service robot's autonomy and ecosystem integration are key dimensions determining innovation management practices and Public Value creation. The illustrative case, centered on long‐term care, dissects the integration of service robots across the micro (user), meso (organizational), and macro (societal) levels of the ecosystem. An ecosystem‐as‐structure approach identifies the roles and activities of stakeholders aligning around a shared value proposition of Public Value. A research agenda presents future opportunities within and across various ecosystem levels to advance scholarly understanding of Service Robot‐based Innovation.
Novel high‐throughput oxygen saturation measurements for quantifying the physiological performance of macroalgal early life stages
Authors: Veenhof R. J. , Coleman M. A. , Champion C. , Dworjanyn S. A. , Venhuizen R. , Kearns L. , Marzinelli E. M. , Pettersen A. K. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractUnderstanding how macroalgal forests will respond to environmental change is critical for predicting future impacts on coastal ecosystems. Although measures of adult macroalgae physiological responses to environmental stress are advancing, measures of early life‐stage physiology are rare, in part due to the methodological difficulties associated with their small size. Here we tested a novel, high‐throughput method (rate of oxygen consumption and production; ) via a sensor dish reader microplate system to rapidly measure physiological rates of the early life stages of three habitat‐forming macroalgae, the kelp Ecklonia radiata and the fucoids Hormosira banksii and Phyllospora comosa. We measured the rate of O2 consumption (respiration) and O2 production (net primary production) to then calculate gross primary production (GPP) under temperatures representing their natural thermal range. The microplate system was suitable for rapidly measuring physiological rates over a temperature gradient to establish thermal performance curves for all species. The microplate system proved efficient for measures of early life stages of macroalgae ranging in size from approximately 50 μm up to 150 mm. This method has the potential for measuring responses of early life stages across a range of environmental factors, species, populations, and developmental stages, vastly increasing the speed, precision, and efficacy of macroalgal physiological measures under future ocean change scenarios.
Intraindividual comparison of prognostic imaging features of HCCs between MRIs with extracellular and hepatobiliary contrast agents
Authors: Yoon Ja Kyung , Han Dai Hoon , Lee Sunyoung , Choi Jin‐Young , Choi Gi Hong , Kim Do Young , Kim Myeong‐Jin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackground & AimsAccumulating evidence suggests that certain imaging features of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) may have prognostic implications. This study aimed to intraindividually compare MRIs with extracellular contrast agent (ECA‐MRI) and hepatobiliary agent (HBA‐MRI) for prognostic imaging features of HCC and to compare the prediction of microvascular invasion (MVI) and early recurrence between the two MRIs.MethodsThe present study included 102 prospectively enrolled at‐risk patients (median age, 61.0 years; 83 men) with surgically resected single HCC with both preoperative ECA‐MRI and HBA‐MRI between July 2019 and June 2023. The McNemar test was used to compare each prognostic imaging feature between the two MRIs. Significant imaging features associated with MVI were identified by multivariable logistic regression analysis, and early recurrence rates (<2 years) were compared between the two MRIs.ResultsThe frequencies of prognostic imaging features were not significantly different between the two MRIs (p = .07 to >.99). Non‐smooth tumour margin (ECA‐MRI, odds ratio [OR] = 5.30; HBA‐MRI, OR = 7.07) and peritumoral arterial phase hyperenhancement (ECA‐MRI, OR = 4.26; HBA‐MRI, OR = 4.43) were independent factors significantly associated with MVI on both MRIs. Two‐trait predictor of venous invasion (presence of internal arteries and absence of hypoattenuating halo) on ECA‐MRI (OR = 11.24) and peritumoral HBP hypointensity on HBA‐MRI (OR = 20.42) were other predictors of MVI. Early recurrence rates of any two or more significant imaging features (49.8% on ECA‐MRI vs 51.3% on HBA‐MRI, p = .75) were not significantly different between the two MRIs.ConclusionPrognostic imaging features of HCC may be comparable between ECA‐MRI and HBA‐MRI.
Petrographic and geochemical analysis of lunar meteorite NWA 11788: Parallels with Luna 20 and the Apollo magnesian granulites
Authors: Hulsey Craig R. , O'Sullivan Katie M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe first in‐depth geochemical and petrological analyses of new lunar meteorite Northwest Africa (NWA) 11788 were conducted with the aim of better understanding the diversity of lunar rock types. Petrography, microcomputed tomography, electron probe microanalysis, and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry were employed to analyze mineralogic/elemental makeup, petrologic profile, melt history, and inferred composition of the lunar mantle from which the crystals in this sample originated from. Geochemical maps of the lunar surface were generated to constrain potential lunar launch locations for NWA 11788. Potential launch locations are concentrated in the outer rims of impact basins on the lunar Eastern nearside limb (e.g., Crisium, Fecunditatis, Marginis, Smythii) and around the South Pole–Aitken Basin. Similarities in the major, minor, and trace element chemistry of NWA 11788 along with its potential launch locations suggest a petrogenetic relationship with regolith samples returned from the Luna 20 mission and the Apollo 16 and 17 magnesian granulites. Additionally, the results of this study add to the growing body of evidence that KREEP (potassium, rare earth elements, phosphorous)‐poor, Mg‐suite‐“like” lithologies are common in non‐Apollo‐type locales, that KREEP may not be required to generate lithologies like the Mg‐suite, and that KREEP is not globally distributed at present.
Retinal Vessel Functional Responses in South Africans Living With and Without HIV: The EndoAfrica‐NWU Study
Authors: Myburgh‐Jacobsz Catharina Elizabeth , Botha‐Le Roux Shani , Kotliar Konstantin , Wentzel Annemarie , Jacobs Adriaan , De Boever Patrick , Goswami Nandu , Strijdom Hans , Smith Wayne 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe effects of HIV and antiretroviral therapy (ART) on microvascular function are poorly explored. We compared retinal vessel functional responses to flicker light‐induced provocation (FLIP) in people living with HIV (PLWH) and people living without HIV (PLWoutH).MethodsWe included 115 PLWH and 51 PLWoutH with a median age of 41 years. Treated PLWH received similar first‐line fixed‐dose combination ART. Clinical characteristics and retinal vessels functional responses to FLIP were compared in (a) PLWH and PLWoutH; and (b) PLWH groups stratified by the median of (i) CD4‐count (511 cells/mm3), (ii) viral load (50 copies/mL), and (iii) ART duration (57.6 months).ResultsPLWH were older, smoked more, and had a lower prevalence of hypertension than PLWoutH (p < 0.05). Almost 64% of PLWH were infected for more than 5 years. Retinal vessel responses to FLIP were similar between PLWH and PLWoutH after taking confounders into account. In addition, PLWH subgroups stratified according to immuno‐virological status by CD4‐count, viral load, and ART duration showed no differences in retinal vessel responses to FLIP.ConclusionLiving with HIV and receiving ART were not associated with altered microvascular function as assessed with dynamic retinal vessel analysis in a South African case–control study.
Diminishing warming effects on plant phenology over time
Authors: Lu Chunyan , van Groenigen Kees Jan , Gillespie Mark A. K. , Hollister Robert D. , Post Eric , Cooper Elisabeth J. , Welker Jeffrey M. , Huang Yixuan , Min Xueting , Chen Jianghui , Jónsdóttir Ingibjörg Svala , Mauritz Marguerite , Cannone Nicoletta , Natali Susan M. , Schuur Edward , Molau Ulf , Yan Tao , Wang Hao , He Jin‐Sheng , Liu Huiying 
Published: August 2024

Summary
Plant phenology, the timing of recurrent biological events, shows key and complex response to climate warming, with consequences for ecosystem functions and services. A key challenge for predicting plant phenology under future climates is to determine whether the phenological changes will persist with more intensive and long‐term warming.
Here, we conducted a meta‐analysis of 103 experimental warming studies around the globe to investigate the responses of four phenophases – leaf‐out, first flowering, last flowering, and leaf coloring.
We showed that warming advanced leaf‐out and flowering but delayed leaf coloring across herbaceous and woody plants. As the magnitude of warming increased, the response of most plant phenophases gradually leveled off for herbaceous plants, while phenology responded in proportion to warming in woody plants. We also found that the experimental effects of warming on plant phenology diminished over time across all phenophases. Specifically, the rate of changes in first flowering for herbaceous species, as well as leaf‐out and leaf coloring for woody species, decreased as the experimental duration extended.
Together, these results suggest that the real‐world impact of global warming on plant phenology will diminish over time as temperatures continue to increase.
Lost needles, pads and where to find them
Authors: Zhang Mingming , Gao Min , Wan Jingwei , Liu Min , Cui Yan , Zhou Yu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study aims to assess the frequency and associated factors of surgical “near‐miss” incidents (NMIs) in neurosurgery using an event reporting system, to inform the development of appropriate interventions. This retrospective study collected reports of NMIs in our hospital's neurosurgery operating room (OR) from January 2019 to January 2022 through an adverse event reporting system and anonymous surveys. We conducted intergroup difference analysis using t‐tests and investigated factors contributing to NMIs using Pearson correlation coefficients. We further constructed multinomial logistic regression models to explore the important factors affecting the types of lost objects and search times. A total of 195 NMIs were included in this study, with the primary items lost being 62 brain cotton pads and 133 needles. Statistical analysis revealed that smaller pads (48.4%) and size 3.0 needles (49.6%) were the most commonly missed items, with the longest retrieval times. The likelihood of NMIs occurring was higher for nurses with junior and/or non‐neurosurgical backgrounds (needles: 82.7%, pads: 83.9%). Furthermore, factors such as extended working hours, nighttime surgeries, larger incisions, and more surgical instruments all increased the incidence of NMIs. The results of the multinomial logistic regression model showed that the type and search time for lost needles in the OR were jointly influenced by multiple factors (p < 0.05) compared to cotton pads. The occurrence of NMIs is associated with various factors. Reporting NMIs and their causes helps identify solutions before adverse events occur, thereby enhancing patient safety.
Allowance or service: Public attitudes toward childcare‐related family policies in China
Authors: Fan Xin , Ngok Kinglun 
Published: August 2024

AbstractChildcare has been considered a ‘new’ social risk and various childcare regimes have been developed worldwide to tackle this social problem. While welfare attitude studies have paid attention to public attitudes toward childcare services, little is known about public attitudes toward other childcare‐related family policies (i.e., leave and allowance). Using novel and unique survey data on welfare attitudes from China, this article investigates how socioeconomic factors matter to general as well as prioritised support for three types of childcare‐related family policies and to policy regimes in China where low fertility crisis is emerging. The survey data suggests the biggest gap between general and prioritised support is found in allowance policy and the smallest in service policy. Regression models suggest that the biggest gap between general and prioritised support for allowance policy can be explained by the reversed and negative effects of education and gender. We further develop a typology of public support for childcare regimes using Latent Class Analysis (LCA) and find four types: implicit and explicit familialism, de‐familialism, and ambiguous familialism. The results of multinomial logistic regression on public support for childcare regimes confirm the findings on prioritised support for different policies and suggest a bifurcation effect of age on regime preferences. We discuss the implications of the findings in the conclusion.
Yellowness in skin complexion: Analysis of self‐perception of women in China evaluated against clinical parameters of yellowness
Authors: Lua Bee Leng , Robic Julie 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundSkin “yellowness” is an abstract and subjective term, without a definitive measurement protocol. Objectives were to analyze Chinese women's self‐perception of skin yellowness and associated parameters and identify objective clinical measurements that correlate with these perceptions.MethodsFollowing focus group discussions, criteria for skin yellowness were defined, and validated by volunteer rankings of facial images. A typology study of 185 women was performed. Participants were grouped into yellow (Color Uniformity, Brightness and Transparency (CUBT) yellow scale grade > 3, chromameter b* value > 16) and non‐yellow (CUBT yellow scale grade < 2, b* value < 14) groups. Participants self‐evaluated their skin on yellowness, transparency, skin uniformity, dullness, radiance, oiliness, and texture. Expert assessments were performed to grade sebaceous pores, ocular area pigmentation, pigmentary spots and CUBT scores. Instrumental analysis of the skin was employed using corneometer, sebumeter, mexameter chromameter, and AGE reader.ResultsWomen in the yellow group self‐evaluated their skin as significantly duller, less uniform, and less radiant than women in the non‐yellow group (P ≤ 0.05). Higher levels of ocular area pigmentation and lower facial skin uniformity and brightness (P < 0.001) were observed in women with yellow skin. CUBT expert grading showed lower pink skin color, but significantly higher beige, yellow, and olive pigmentation (P ≤ 0.05) in women in the yellow skin group. Melanin and b* values were significantly higher in women with yellow skin while L value was significantly lower.ConclusionSelf‐perceived skin yellowness in Chinese women correlates to chromameter and mexameter measurements, as well as expert evaluation of ocular pigmentation and CUBT parameters.
The Stoicism of Śāntideva: Comparisons between Stoic and Buddhist philosophy
Authors: Clarke Lee 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRecently, due to various geopolitical events, a movement for 'decolonisation' has taken shape. In essence, this movements seeks to right the wrongs of Western colonialism. This desire has been expressed in many diverse ways depending on the context. Within academia, it has found expression in the idea of 'decolonising the curriculum' ‐ redesigning university courses to include more authors, texts, perspectives and more ‐ from those outside of the Western world and/or cultural sphere. Due to its prominence within academia, philosophy is one of the disciplines being scrutinised through the eyes of this current zeitgiest, and for good reason. Many philosophers have begun to take note and adapt accordingly, including those who specialise in non‐Western philosophical traditions already. There are growing realisations, not only about the pressing need to learn about other traditions of philosophy, given the geopolitical rise of such Eastern nations as India and China, but also that non‐Western philosophy has been unjustly 'othered' by Western academia. The issue of decolonisation is not going away and will only intensify with time. As such, this paper aims to make a contribution to these ongoing debates. It is a comparison of the Indian Buddhist philosopher, Śāntideva and the Greco‐Roman Stoic tradition. The paper hopes to demonstrate conclusively that diverse traditions of world philosophy, despite geographical, conceptual and cultural distances, are able to converse fruitfully—and contain much more that unites them than differentiates them. It is also hoped that this paper will encourage non‐specialists in non‐Western traditions to become aware of the complexity, sophistication and philosophical worth of non‐Western, in this case Asian, forms of thought. Lastly, it is desired, if nothing else, that this paper increases and contributes towards, inter‐cultural dialogue and understanding.
Australian fresh frozen plasma audit: A National Blood Transfusion Committee and Blood Matters collaboration
Authors: Clarke Lisa , Maxwell Ellen , Roberts Trish , Bielby Linley 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundThere is a paucity of high‐quality data to guide appropriate fresh frozen plasma transfusion with current recommendations based on consensus opinion. The limitations of the product and testing modalities are poorly understood with the rare but potentially serious side effects underappreciated. Combined this has resulted in the widespread misuse of FFP.Study Design and MethodsRetrospective data capturing FFP transfusion within the 12‐month period of April 1, 2022 and March 31, 2023 was entered by Australian health care providers. Appropriate transfusion was assessed by the adjudicators and defined as one in keeping with current recommendations. Descriptive and comparative analyses were performed using SAS Studio version 9.4.ResultsDuring the study period, 935 FFP transfusion episodes were captured. The most frequent indications for FFP were massive hemorrhage 344 (37%), bleeding 141 (15%), and preoperative use 90 (10%). Males received 534 (60%) transfusions. Critical care specialists were the largest users of FFP, prescribing 568 (63%) of transfusions.FFP was used appropriately in 546 (61%) transfusions. However, when massive hemorrhage was excluded only 202 (37%) transfusions were appropriate. Patients with an INR <1.5 received 37% of transfusions. Transfusion associated adverse events were reported in 2% (15) of transfusions including two non‐fatal anaphylactic reactions.DiscussionThis audit assesses the appropriate use of FFP across all major clinical indications and provides the largest body of evidence of Australian plasma transfusion practices. It highlights the widespread misuse of FFP, which is predominantly guided by consensus recommendations due to a lack of high‐quality data.