bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dimensional Self‐Assembled Magnetic Coupling via Embedding Ferromagnetic Nanoparticles in Multi‐Channel Fibers for Microwave Absorption
Authors: Wang Xiangyu , Lv Xiaowei , Zhang Ruixuan , Yang XiaoFen , Dai Rong , You Wenbin , Lai Yuxiang , Che Renchao 
Published: August 2024

Abstract1D magnetic fibers with significant morphological diversity and magnetic anisotropy are highly desirable for optimizing magnetic properties and electromagnetic responsiveness. However, it remains challenging for the precise control over internal magnetic interactions within each fiber. Herein, a strategy for self‐assembled magnetic coupling is taken to achieve the controllable reconstruction of continuous multiple coupling networks within a single fiber. High‐density ultrafine cobalt nanoparticles are uniformly embedded inside a carbon framework with a 1D multi‐channel structure (Co@MCF). This structure establishes a complex magnetic response system characterized by inherent inter‐fiber interactions and refined intra‐fiber self‐assembling coupling. The distinctive distribution of magnetic flux lines demonstrates enhanced magnetic sensitivity. This results in a minimum reflection loss of −57.65 dB and a broadband absorption frequency range of 7.28 GHz at 1.9 mm, effectively covers the entire Ku band and a substantial portion of the X band. The multi‐channel structure enhances the understanding of the relationship between microstructure and performance in magnetic fibers. Additionally, it positions Co@MCF as a highly competitive candidate for microwave absorption applications.
Above‐Room‐Temperature Ferroelectricity and Giant Second Harmonic Generation in 1D vdW NbOI3
Authors: Fang Yuqiang , Liu Yue , Yang Niuzhuang , Wang Gang , He Wen , Zhou Xinyi , Xia Shian , Wang Dong , Fu Jierui , Wang Jiapeng , Ding Yang , Yu Ting , Xu Chengyan , Zhen Liang , Lin Junhao , Gou Gaoyang , Li Yang , Huang Fuqiang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe realization of spontaneous ferroelectricity down to the one‐dimensional (1D) limit is both fundamentally intriguing and practically appealing for high‐density ferroelectric and nonlinear photonics. However, the 1D vdW ferroelectric materials are not discovered experimentally yet. Here, the first 1D vdW ferroelectric compound NbOI3 with a high Curie temperature TC > 450 K and giant second harmonic generation (SHG) is reported. The 1D crystalline chain structure of the NbOI3 is revealed by cryo‐electron microscopy, whereas the 1D ferroelectric order originated from the Nb displacement along the Nb‐O chain (b‐axis) is confirmed via obvious electrical and ferroelectric hysteresis loops. Impressively, NbOI3 exhibits a giant SHG susceptibility up to 1572 pm V−1 at a fundamental wavelength of 810 nm, and a further enhanced SHG susceptibility of 5582 pm V−1 under the applied hydrostatic pressure of 2.06 GPa. Combing in situ pressure‐dependent X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectra measurements, and first‐principles calculations, it is demonstrated that the O atoms shift along the Nb─O atomic chain under compression, which can lead to the increased Baur distortion of [NbO2I4] octahedra, and hence induces the enhancement of SHG. This work provides a 1D vdW ferroelectric system for developing novel ferroelectronic and photonic devices.
Fluid‐Induced Piezoelectric Field Enhancing Photo‐Assisted Zn–Air Batteries Based on a Fe@P(V‐T) Microhelical Cathode
Authors: Liang Shuang , Song Li‐Na , Wang Xiao‐Xue , Wang Yi‐Feng , Wu Jia‐Yi , Wang Huan‐Feng , Xu Ji‐Jing 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPhoto‐assisted Zn–air batteries can accelerate the kinetics of oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reactions (ORR/OER); however, challenges such as rapid charge carrier recombination and continuous electrolyte evaporation remain. Herein, for the first time, piezoelectric catalysis is introduced in a photo‐assisted Zn–air battery to improve carrier separation capability and accelerate the ORR/OER kinetics of the photoelectric cathode. The designed microhelical catalyst exploits simple harmonic vibrations to regenerate the built‐in electric field continuously. Specifically, in the presence of the low‐frequency kinetic energy that occurs during water flow, the piezoelectric–photocoupling catalyst of poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐trifluoroethylene)@ferric oxide(Fe@P(V‐T)) is periodically deformed, generating a constant reconfiguration of the built‐in electric field that separates photogenerated electrons and holes continuously. Further, on exposure to microvibrations, the gap between the charge and discharge potentials of the Fe@P(V‐T)‐based photo‐assisted Zn–air battery is reduced by 1.7 times compared to that without piezoelectric assistance, indicating that piezoelectric catalysis is highly effective for enhancing photocatalytic efficiency. This study provides a thorough understanding of coupling piezoelectric polarization and photo‐assisted strategy in the field of energy storage and opens a fresh perspective for the investigation of multi‐field coupling‐assisted Zn–air batteries.
Reversible Single‐Pulse Laser‐Induced Phase Change of Sb2S3 Thin Films: Multi‐Physics Modeling and Experimental Demonstrations
Authors: Laprais Capucine , Zrounba Clément , Bouvier Julien , Blanchard Nicholas , Bugnet Matthieu , Gassenq Alban , Gutiérrez Yael , Vazquez‐Miranda Saul , Espinoza Shirly , Thiesen Peter , Bourrellier Romain , Benamrouche Aziz , Baboux Nicolas , Saint‐Girons Guillaume , Berguiga Lotfi , Cueff Sébastien 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPhase change materials (PCMs) have gained a tremendous interest as a means to actively tune nanophotonic devices through the large optical modulation produced by their amorphous to crystalline reversible transition. Recently, materials such as Sb2S3 emerged as particularly promising low loss PCMs, with both large refractive index modulations and transparency in the visible and near‐infrared. Controlling the local and reversible phase transition in this material is of major importance for future applications, and an appealing method to do so is to exploit pulsed lasers. Yet, the physics and limits involved in the optical switching of Sb2S3 are not yet well understood. Here, the reversible laser‐induced phase transition of Sb2S3 is investigated, focusing specifically on the mechanisms that drive the optically induced amorphization, with multi‐physics considerations including the optical and thermal properties of the PCM and its environment. The laser energy threshold for reversibly changing the phase of the PCM is determined through both theoretical analysis and experimental investigation, not only between fully amorphous and crystalline states but also between partially recrystallized states. Then, the non‐negligible impact of the material's polycrystallinity and anisotropy on the power thresholds for optical switching is revealed. Finally, the challenges related to laser amorphization of thick Sb2S3 layers are addressed, as well as strategies to overcome them. These results enable a qualitative and quantitative understanding of the physics behind the optically‐induced reversible change of phase in Sb2S3 layers.
Enhanced CO₂ Detection Using Potentiometric Sensors Based on PIM‐1/DBU Imidazolate Membranes
Authors: Molino Davide , Ferraro Giuseppe , Lettieri Stefania , Zaccagnini Pietro , Etzi Marco , Astorino Carmela , De Nardo Eugenio , Bartoli Mattia , Lamberti Andrea , Pirri Candido Fabrizio , Bocchini Sergio 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA novel potentiometric sensor for carbon dioxide (CO2) detection utilizing a composite membrane of Polymer of Intrinsic Microporosity (PIM‐1) and 18‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene imidazolate (DBU‐imidazolate) is presented. The high surface area and gas permeability of PIM‐1, combined with the chemical affinity and ion‐exchange properties of DBU‐imidazolate, contribute to enhanced CO2 sensitivity and selectivity. The research objectives included the synthesis of PIM‐1 and DBU‐imidazolate, the preparation of composite membranes, and the evaluation of their performance as CO2 sensors. Solvent casting and impregnation methods are employed to prepare the membranes, which are characterized using Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). CO₂ absorption tests and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) are conducted to assess the sensors' performance. The PIM‐1/DBU‐imidazolate membrane exhibited high efficiency in CO₂ capture and release. Open circuit voltage (OCV) measurements are performed under varying concentrations of CO2 exposure and cycles of adsorption/desorption. Results show that the membrane achieves steady state faster at higher CO2 concentrations, with a logarithmic relationship between CO2 concentration and voltage variation, indicating potential for CO2 detection in human environments. These results confirm the sensor's ability to detect varying CO2 concentrations, highlighting its potential for reliable and efficient CO2 monitoring in environmental and industrial applications.
Simulation and Optimization of Hole Transport Layer Performance of Lead‐Free Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zhao Qirong , Yang Xiaobo , Zhou Bao , Xie Zaixin , Duan Zhuoqi , Zhao Enming , Hu Yongmao 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis article employs a combined approach using SCAPS and MS software to screen the cell structure combinations of various cell materials such as MASnI3, FASnI3, TiO2, C60, spiro‐OMeTAD, PTAA, CuI, CuSCN, Cu2O, and NiO. The structure of lead‐free perovskite solar cells (PSCs): FTO/TiO2/MASnI3/Cu2O/Au is identified as having the best cell performance. Based on Molecular Dynamics theory, in combination with physical experimental preparation and characterization results, it is found that Cu2O thin films treated with annealing at 388 °C, as the hole transport layer material, can significantly enhance the performance of PSCs. This optimization led to power conversion efficiency (PCE) and fill factor (FF) performance indicators reaching 29.2% and 87.32%, achieving excellent cell performance.
Interfacial Lattice Strain‐Induced Vacancy Evolution Facilitating Highly Reversible Dendrite‐Free Zinc Metal Anodes
Authors: Wang Tian , Xu Liangliang , Xiang Weiwei , Tang Shaocong , Xiao Ya , Yu Jae Su 
Published: August 2024

AbstractInterfacial stress caused by semi‐coherent and incoherent interfaces during zinc (Zn) plating and its effect on subsequent Zn deposition are important considerations for designing electrode/electrolyte interfaces to improve the electrochemical performance of Zn anodes. Although some studies have paid attention to this issue, the influence of lattice strain induced by Zn ion diffusion in the interface coating on Zn deposition is infrequently discussed. Herein, a tin‐doped indium oxide (ITO) interfacial is constructed, and the evolution of interfacial lattice oxygen to vacancy oxygen (OV) induced by lattice stress generated by Zn ion migration in the interface during Zn deposition is confirmed. The formed OV‐rich ITO interface exhibits strong affinity and a low Zn ion diffusion barrier, accelerating the Zn ion transport kinetics. Meanwhile, the interface layer can appropriately capture anions in the electrolyte and improve the corrosion resistance of the electrode through the electrostatic repulsion effect. As a result, the OV‐rich ITO‐decorated Zn anode achieves stable Zn plating/stripping for more than 4500 h and delivers a high average Coulombic efficiency of 99.6% after 1400 cycles at 1.0 mA cm−2. This work provides a new horizon for the rational construction of the interface layer to achieve a highly reversible dendrite‐free Zn metal anode.
Nitrogen fertilization timing and rate influence N recovery efficiency and rice yield
Authors: Kongchum Manoch , Harrell Dustin L. , Ahmed Aziz , Adotey Nutifafa , Leonards James , Fluitt Jacob 
Published: August 2024

AbstractNitrogen (N) fertilizer management in rice (Oryza sativa L.) varies with production practices. In drill‐seeded, delayed‐flood production systems, the most common production practice in Louisiana N fertilizer is applied at two application timings. The first application timing is just before the permanent flood is established. The second application is at midseason. Nitrogen fertilization before flooding is critical for maximum N uptake, nitrogen recovery efficiency (NRE), and yield. Field experiments were conducted from 2017 to 2020 to evaluate N timing effects on N uptake, NRE, and rice yield. The rice cultivar CL153 was drill‐seeded into a stale seedbed at a seed rate of 85 kg ha−1. Fertilizer‐N was applied utilizing multiple application timings and rates adding up to a seasonal rate of 155 kg ha−1 across treatments. A single N application 1‐day before flooding significantly increased grain yield in all trials, ranging from 8523 kg ha−1 in 2019 to 11,322 kg ha−1 in 2018. Compared to post‐flood applications, preflood N increased plant height, N uptake, and NRE. Split N application rates and timings after flooding did not impact rice yield or its agronomics, such as height, aboveground biomass, and time of heading. NRE and yield were significantly correlated (r = 0.805; p < 0.001). Our results indicated that a single N application before flooding has the potential to be an alternative option for N management in the drill‐seeded, delayed‐flood rice system.
Developing and Deploying End‐to‐End Machine Learning Systems for Social Impact: A Rubric and Practical Artificial Intelligence Case Studies From African Contexts
Authors: Bainomugisha Engineer , Nakatumba‐Nabende Joyce 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTArtificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning have demonstrated the potential to provide solutions to societal challenges, for example, automated crop diagnostics for smallholder farmers, environmental pollution modelling and prediction for cities and machine translation systems for languages that enable information access and communication for segments of the population who are unable to speak or write official languages, among others. Despite the potential of AI, the practical and technical issues related to its development and deployment in the African context are the least documented and understood. The development and deployment of AI for social impact systems in the developing world present new intricacies and requirements emanating from the unique technology and social ecosystems in these settings. This paper provides a rubric for developing and deploying AI systems for social impact with a focus on the African context. The rubric is derived from the analysis of a series of selected real‐world case studies of AI applications in Africa. We assessed the selected AI case studies against the proposed rubric. The rubric and examples of AI applications presented in this paper are expected to contribute to the development and application of AI systems in other African contexts.
Direct Substitution of 2‐Aminotropones with Potassium Allyltrifluoroborates through Transition‐Metal‐Free C−N Bond Cleavage
Authors: Wu Qian‐Qian , Wang Yan , Zhang Muliang , Tian Shi‐Kai 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe poor nucleofugality of the amino group renders the C−N bond functionalization of primary aromatic amines highly challenging. Herein, we report a direct substitution reaction of 2‐aminotropones, bearing a unique non‐benzenoid seven‐membered aromatic ring that exists in some natural products and bioactive molecules, with potassium allyltrifluoroborates through C−N bond cleavage under transition‐metal‐free conditions. The amino group of 2‐aminotropones were directly substituted with potassium allyltrifluoroborates in the presence of sodium bicarbonate, delivering structurally diverse 2‐allyltropones in moderate to good yields. The reaction is free of directing groups, activating groups and transition metals, providing a convenient method to access substituted tropones.
Trauma‐related thyroid storm in adolescents: A case report
Authors: Jinno Atsushi , Bunya Naofumi , Hagiwara Junya , Takao Kai , Sawamoto Keigo , Ishii Akira , Tsugawa Takeshi , Narimatsu Eichi , Tsuji Yoshihisa 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundBecause of a scant report, it is little known that thyroid storms can occur after trauma, even in adolescence. Significantly, this increases the risk of delaying diagnosis resulting in life‐threatening.Case PresentationA 13‐year‐old girl was admitted to the emergency department after a traffic accident. Despite receiving comprehensive trauma care, the patient developed hyperthermia and tachycardia that did not respond to temperature management therapy. On the 10th day of her admission, she was diagnosed with a thyroid storm. Treatment for thyroid storm was initiated; thereby, her condition was totally improved.ConclusionWe experienced a case of an adolescent girl, who developed a thyroid storm during the treatment of trauma and could save her life. Clinicians should consider thyroid storm in post‐traumatic hyperthermia and tachycardia patients, even in children.
Two‐Photon Clusteroluminescence Enabled by Through‐Space Conjugation for In Vivo Bioimaging
Authors: Zhang Jianyu , Shen Hanchen , Xiong Zuping , Du Lidong , Li Moxin , Ou Xinwen , Zhu Xinyan , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Liu Tzu‐Ming , Xu Changhuo , Zhang Haoke , Zhong Tang Ben 
Published: August 2024

AbstractClusteroluminescence (CL) materials without largely conjugated structures have gained significant attention due to their unique photophysical properties and potential in bioimaging. However, low luminescence efficiency and short emission wavelength limit their development. This work designs three luminogens with CL properties (CLgens) by introducing n‐electron‐involved through‐space conjugation (TSC) into diarylmethane. Apart from single‐photon excited long‐wavelength (686 nm) and high‐efficiency (29 %) CL, two‐photon clusteroluminescence (TPCL) is successfully achieved in such small luminogens with only two isolated heteroatomic units. TSC stabilized in the aggregate state has been proven to realize efficient spatial electron delocalization similar to conventionally conjugated compounds. Encouraged by the excellent TPCL properties, two‐photon imaging of blood vessels in vivo and biocompatibility verification utilizing CLgens are also achieved. This work illustrates the essential role of TSC in promoting nonlinear optical properties of CLgens and may facilitate further design and development of the next generation of bioprobes with excellent biocompatibility.
Covalent Organic Framework Stabilized Single CoN4Cl2 Site Boosts Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction into Tunable Syngas
Authors: Fu Ping , Chen Cailing , Wu Chao , Meng Biao , Yue Qihong , Chen Tao , Yin Wen , Chi Xiao , Yu Xiaojiang , Li Ruiting , Wang Yao , Zhang Yifan , Luo Wen , Liu Xiaoling , Han Yu , Wang Jun , Xi Shibo , Zhou Yu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSolar carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction provides an attractive alternative to producing sustainable chemicals and fuel. However, the construction of a highly active photocatalyst was challenging because of the rapid charge recombination and sluggish surface CO2 reduction. Herein, a unique Co−N4Cl2 single site was fabricated by loading Co species into the 2,2′‐bipyridine and triazine‐containing covalent organic framework (COF) for CO2 conversion into syngas under visible light irradiation. The resulting champion catalyst TPy‐COF‐Co enabled a record‐high CO production rate of 426 mmol g−1 h−1, associated with the unprecedented turnover number (TON) and turnover frequency (TOF) of 2095 and 1607 h−1, respectively. The catalyst also exhibited favorable recycling performance and widely adjustable syngas production (CO/H2 ratio: 1.8 : 1–1 : 16). A systematical investigation including operando synchrotron X‐ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy, in situ attenuated total reflection surface‐enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (ATR‐SEIRAS), and theoretical calculation indicated that the triazine‐based COF framework promoted the charge transfer towards the single Co−N4Cl2 sites that greatly promoted the CO2 activation by lowering the energy barrier of *COOH generation, facilitating the CO2 transformation. This work highlights the great potential of the molecular regulation of COF‐derived single‐atom catalysts to boost CO2 photoreduction efficiency.
Native Proteomics by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis‐Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Wang Qianyi , Wang Qianjie , Qi Zihao , Moeller William , Wysocki Vicki H. , Sun Liangliang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractNative proteomics measures endogenous proteoforms and protein complexes under a near physiological condition using native mass spectrometry (nMS) coupled with liquid‐phase separations. Native proteomics should provide the most accurate bird's‐eye view of proteome dynamics within cells, which is fundamental for understanding almost all biological processes. nMS has been widely employed to characterize well‐purified protein complexes. However, there are only very few trials of utilizing nMS to measure proteoforms and protein complexes in a complex sample (i.e., a whole cell lysate). Here, we pioneer the native proteomics measurement of large proteoforms or protein complexes up to 400 kDa from a complex proteome via online coupling of native capillary zone electrophoresis (nCZE) to an ultra‐high mass range (UHMR) Orbitrap mass spectrometer. The nCZE‐MS technique enabled the measurement of a 115‐kDa standard protein complex while consuming only about 0.1 ng of protein material. nCZE‐MS analysis of an E.coli cell lysate detected 72 proteoforms or protein complexes in a mass range of 30–400 kDa in a single run while consuming only 50‐ng protein material. The mass distribution of detected proteoforms or protein complexes agreed well with that from mass photometry measurement. This work represents a technical breakthrough in native proteomics for measuring complex proteomes.
Enhancing Hole Transport Uniformity for Efficient Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells through Optimizing Buried Interface Contacts and Suppressing Interface Recombination
Authors: He Xilai , Chen Hui , Yang Jiabao , Wang Tong , Pu Xingyu , Feng Guangpeng , Jia Shiyao , Bai Yijun , Zhou Zihao , Cao Qi , Li Xuanhua 
Published: August 2024

Abstract[4‐(3,6‐dimethyl‐9H‐carbazol‐9yl)butyl]phosphonic acid (Me‐4PACz) self‐assembly material has been recognized as a highly effective approach for mitigating nickel oxide (NiOx) surface‐related challenges in inverted perovskite solar cells (IPSCs). However, its uneven film generation and failure to effectively passivate the buried interface defects limit the device‘s performance improvement potential. Herein, p‐xylylenediphosphonic acid (p‐XPA) containing bilateral phosphate groups (−PO3H2) is introduced as an interface layer between the NiOx/Me‐4PACz and the perovskite layer. P‐XPA can flatten the surface of hole transport layer and optimize interface contact. Meanwhile, p‐XPA achieves better energy level alignment and promotes interfacial hole transport. In addition, the bilateral −PO3H2 of p‐XPA can chelate with Pb2+ and form hydrogen bond with FA+ (formamidinium cation), thereby suppressing buried interface non‐radiative recombination loss. Consequently, the IPSC with p‐XPA buried interface modification achieves champion power conversion efficiency of 25.87 % (certified at 25.45 %) at laboratory scale (0.0448 cm2). The encapsulated target device exhibits better operational stability. Even after 1100 hours of maximum power point tracking at 50 °C, its efficiency remains at an impressive 82.7 % of the initial efficiency. Molecules featuring bilateral passivation groups optimize interfacial contact and inhibit interfacial recombination, providing an effective approach to enhancing the stability and efficiency of devices.