bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Degrading and Detoxifying Industrial Waste Water using Bioremediation Approach
Authors: Agrawal P. K. , Prabha Sangeet , Mittal Shalu 
Published: July 2014

Bioremediation uses various microorganisms to detoxify or degrade various harmful substances in the nature, particularly soil and water. In the proposed work, five species of micro-organisms were used to analyse their impact on various physico-chemical parameters of water. In the first attempt the actual physico chemical parameters of the collected sample water were noted down (Fresh sample parameters). Then the sample water was treated with micro-organisms (one at a time). The growth of microbes was noted carefully over 96 hours after inoculation. The physico chemical parameters were recorded again and were compared with the fresh sample parameters. The results were analysed for any change and on this basis an impact factor was developed. The study reveals all the selected microbes have a great capacity of degrading and simplifying the complex molecules into simpler ones. Bioremediative treatment further enhances this capacity and therefore this approach can be utilized on large scale to minimize pollution of water bodies.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v2i2.10146Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 2(2): 132-134
Effect of Flue Gas on Microalgae Population and Study the Heavy Metals Accumulation in Biomass from Power Plant System
Authors: Guruvaiah Mahendraperumal , Lee Keesoo 
Published: July 2014

Microalgae have high photosynthetic efficiency that can fix CO2 from the flue gas directly without any upstream CO2 separation, and concomitantly produce biomass for biofuel applications. These gases, both untreated and treated into current discharge standards, contain CO2, N2, H2O, O2, NOx, SOx, CxHy, CO, particulate matter, halogen acids and heavy metals. Microalgae population studies were conducted in a batch mode experiments at Power plant site of Chamois, Missouri. The experiments were conducted in different period (June to December 2011) of time. This study evaluated the effect of several heavy metals that are present in flue gases on the algae, focusing on the growth and accumulation of lipids in the algae that can be converted to biodiesel. The genus Scenedesmus presented the greatest richness of species and number of counted individuals in the flue gas ponds compare than non flue gas treatment ponds. Among the diatomaceae the genus Navicula sp, Nitizchia sp and Synedra sp. presented the next subdominant richness in the ponds. The last results of counted green algae Ulothrix sp and Coelastrum sp were least number of cells reported in these ponds. The heavy metal-contaminated in flue gas and also enter into the microalgae biomass population. Comparative studies were carried out by flue gas and control system of open ponds. Control system of microalgae population was represented in less amount of heavy metals compare than flue gas ponds.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v2i2.10247 Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 2(2): 114-120
In Vitro Callus Induction and Regeneration Potentiality of Aromatic Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Cultivars in Differential Growth Regulators
Authors: Roly Zahida Yesmin , Islam Md. Mahmudul , Shaekh Md. Pallob Ebna , Arman Md. Saiful Islam , Shahik Shah Md. , Das Dipesh , Haamem Md. Mujjammil E , Khalekuzzaman Dr. Md. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract Aromatic rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars are strong aromatic rice cultivars which can thrive well in rice fields prone to flood, drought and other soil constraints. The present investigation was undertaken to determine a suitable media compositions for callus induction and regeneration using immature embryo of six aromatic grown rice cultivars of Bangladesh, namely, Chinigura, Kalijira, Radhuni Pagal, Modhumala, Kataribog and Mohonbhog. For callus induction different concentrations and combinations of 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxyaceticacid (2, 4-D) along with NAA were evaluated. Maximum callus induction (97.22%) was observed in Kalijira when 2 mg/L of 2, 4-D and 0.5 mg/l NAA was used and less Modhumala (66.67%) and remaining cultivars showed moderate. For regeneration initially different concentrations and combinations of 6-BenzylAminoPurine (BAP) and Indole-3-Acetic Acid (IBA) were tested. Maximum regeneration frequency (91.67%) was observed Kalijira when the optimum concentrations and combinations of 0.5 mg/l of BAP + 0.1 of mg/l IBA were used. Presently optimized regeneration method holds promise for facilitating the deployment of agronomical important trait through genetic transformation for the improvement of this important food crops.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v2i2.10313Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 2(2): 160-167
Documentation of Invasive Alien Plants Species of Rupandehi District, Western Nepal
Authors: Singh Anant Gopal , Sharma Anil 
Published: July 2014

Invasive species are non-native to the locality. They have been introduced in any area both accidentally and intentionally. Their introduction undoubtedly modifies the structure and functions of the ecosystem supply and alters the rate of nutrient cycling. Invasive alien species compete with the crop mainly for water, light, and nutrients. During study we have collected fifty-five species which are invasive and alien. They directly affect the productivity of food crop like rice, wheat, maize etc.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v2i2.10370Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 2(2): 168-175
Physico-Chemical and Biological Parameters of the Three Rural Ponds of Sasaram of Bihar
Authors: Choudhary Jyoti , Singh S.N. , Singh Sunita 
Published: July 2014

Physico chemical and biological parameters of the three rural pond of Sasaram,Bihar has been studied to see the present condition for its better utilization. The study revealed that parameters are within permissible limit for fish culture and the stocking should be done as per the productivity of the water. As per the BOD estimation the ponds falls under moderately polluted category.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v2i2.10371Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 2(2): 206-210
Hepatoprotective effect of Alchornea cordifolia leaf on liver damage in albino rats
Authors: Jacob J. M. , Olaleye M. T. , Olugbuyiro J. A. O. 
Published: July 2014

Ethnopharmacological relevance: The dry leaf of Alchornea cordifolia (AC) is used, in traditional medicine in the S Nigeria, for the preparation of blood tonic, remedies for urinary, respiratory, liver and gas intestinal disorders. Aim of the study: This study investigated the protective property of AC leaf against liver damage in animals with a view to exploring its use for the treatment of hepatotoxicity in humans. Material and methods: Ethanol extract of A. cordifolia was used to study the hepatoprotective activity in acetaminophen-induced Albino rats (150-200g). Animals in Group 1 served as vehicle control, Group 2 served as hepatotoxin (Acetaminophen 2g/kg treated) group, Groups 3 and 4 served as positive control (Vitamin E and Curcumin 100 mg/kg bw respectively) groups, and Groups 5-8 served as (200-500mg/kg bw) AC leaf extract treated groups while Group 9 served as normal group (AC extract only 300 mg/kg bw). Results: The hepatotoxic group showed hepatocytic necrosis, cellular infiltration and inflammation in the liver. The treatment group restored the liver cells to their normal lobular architecture in a dose dependent manner. The protection offered by the plant extract compared well with the standard antioxidant agents (Curcumin and Vitamin E). Tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids and saponins were detected in the phytochemical screening. Conclusion: Our findings suggest Alchornea cordifolia ethanol leaf extract as promising herpatoprotective herb and give credence to the folkloric use of this plant for the treatment of liver problems.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v2i2.10473Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 2(2): 217-221
A single but prolonged and eventually fatal episode of capillary leak syndrome with a diagnosis of a small tumor mass B cell lymphoma
Authors: Schlier Majorie , Rondeau-Lutz Murielle , Weber Jean-Christophe 
Published: July 2014

The capillary leak syndrome is a rare and serious condition. It is characterized by acute episodes of extravasation of liquids and proteins through the capillary wall to the interstitial space, with generalized edema, hemoconcentration, hypoproteinemia. Most often, capillary leak syndrome is idiopathic. Some cases are associated with neoplastic diseases. We describe a new case of capillary leak syndrome as a paraneoplastic syndrome of a large-B-cell lymphoma. This case is unusual because of the evolution of the capillary leak syndrome during a single but extended and fatal episode. The etiologic diagnosis in this case was particularly difficult to prove because of the small tumour mass. Our case report is thus the fourth reported case of capillary leak syndrome revealing a B-cell lymphoma with a small tumour mass. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jaim.v3i1.10702 Journal of Advances in Internal Medicine 2014;03(01):34-37
A study of the energy enhancement of electron in radio frequency (RF) linear accelerator of iris loaded waveguards
Authors: Nguyen H.-B. , Trinh H.-L. , Chau V.-T. , Nguyen V.-T. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
In this paper the Hamiltonian theory of particle motion has been applied for developing the motion equations of electrons in linear accelerator of Iris-loaded waveguides. Using J. C. Slater asumption for determining electric field in Oz direction, the energy increase of electron in the guide wave pipe following the linacs resonance cavity with circulated electromagnetic distribution and repeat-cycle of given number of resonance cavities has been developed. The energy gain of electron following the electron way in Oz axle direction of the accelerator with the different injection phase and phase shift of RF has been obtained. The results indicate that the energy increase of electron depends on the injection phase of RF and cell-to-cell phase shift.
Comparison of two algorithms for the application of real-time image mosaicking in neuroendoscopy
Authors: Liebig Kay Niklas , Maslehaty Homajoun , Petridis Athanasios K. , Konen Wolfgang , Scholz Martin 
Published: July 2014

Object
Neuroendoscopy is used more and more frequently in neurosurgical procedures and has become an important tool in the neurosurgical armamentarium. However, the main restriction of neuroendoscopy is the limited field of view. A better overview of the area of interest would increase surgical safety and decrease procedure-related morbidity rates. In the present study, the authors aimed to improve this restriction by using and comparing two algorithms to create endoscopic panoramic images, which increase the field of view during neuroendoscopic procedures.

Methods
Different endoscopic methods with or without a stand and with linear or circular endoscope movements were performed in cadaveric ventricles. Video of the endoscopy was used to create image mosaics of the lateral ventricle with the help of the Kourogi or LogSearch (LS) algorithm. In the LS algorithm, different template sizes were used. Three observers graded the quality of the image mosaic in terms of usefulness in surgery. The fastest frame rate was 3–4 frames/second.

Results
The LS algorithm with a larger template size showed significantly better results for the creation of image mosaics than the Kourogi algorithm in linear endoscopic movement with or without a stand. In circular endoscopic movements, the results seemed to be better with the LS algorithm but were not significantly different from those obtained with the Kourogi algorithm. In summary, image quality in the experimental paradigms was satisfying.

Conclusions
Results in the study showed that the creation of image mosaics is possible and reliable with the featured algorithms. Image mosaicking is an applicable device for neuroendoscopy and can increase the field of view during endoscopic procedures. Its use can increase the safety and the field of application of neuroendoscopy. However, faster frame rates will be required to create a smooth image for practical use during surgery.
Predictors of outcome in civilians with gunshot wounds to the head upon presentation
Authors: Gressot Loyola V. , Chamoun Roukoz B. , Patel Akash J. , Valadka Alex B. , Suki Dima , Robertson Claudia S. , Gopinath Shankar P. 
Published: July 2014

Object
Prediction of outcome from initial presentation after a gunshot wound to the head (GSWH) is essential to further clinical decision making. The authors' goals are to report the survival and functional outcomes of these patients, to identify prognostic factors, and to propose a scoring system that can predict their outcome.

Methods
The records of 199 patients admitted with a GSWH with dural penetration between 1990 and 2008 were retrospectively reviewed. The inclusion criterion was a CT scan available for review. Patients declared brain dead on presentation were excluded, which yielded a series of 119 patients. Statistical analysis was performed using a logistic regression model.

Results
Fifty-eight (49%) of the 119 patients died. Twenty-three patients (19%) had a favorable outcome defined as a 6-month Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) score of moderate disability or good recovery, 35 (29%) had a poor outcome (GOS of persistent vegetative state or severe disability), and 3 (3%) were lost to follow-up. Significant prognostic factors for mortality were age older than 35 years, nonreactive pupils, bullet trajectory of bihemispheric (excluding bifrontal), and posterior fossa involvement compared with unihemispheric and bifrontal. Factors that were moderately associated with higher mortality included intracranial pressure (ICP) above 20 mm Hg and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score at presentation of 3 or 4. Upon multivariate analysis, the significant factors for mortality were bullet trajectory and pupillary response. Variables found to be significant for good functional outcome were admission GCS score greater than or equal to 5, pupillary reactivity, and bullet trajectory of unihemispheric or bifrontal. Factors moderately associated with good outcome included age of 35 years or younger, initial ICP 20 mm Hg or lower, and lack of transventricular trajectory. In the multivariate analysis, significant factors for good functional outcome were bullet trajectory and pupillary response, with age moderately associated with improved functional outcomes. The authors also propose a scoring system to estimate survival and functional outcome.

Conclusions
Age, pupils, GCS score, and bullet trajectory on CT scan can be used to determine likelihood of survival and good functional outcome. The authors advocate assessing patients based on these parameters rather than pronouncing a poor prognosis and withholding aggressive resuscitation based upon low GCS score alone.
Phase I/IIa trial of fractionated radiotherapy, temozolomide, and autologous formalin-fixed tumor vaccine for newly diagnosed glioblastoma
Authors: Ishikawa Eiichi , Muragaki Yoshihiro , Yamamoto Tetsuya , Maruyama Takashi , Tsuboi Koji , Ikuta Soko , Hashimoto Koichi , Uemae Youji , Ishihara Takeshi , Matsuda Masahide , Matsutani Masao , Karasawa Katsuyuki , Nakazato Yoichi , Abe Tatsuya , Ohno Tadao , Matsumura Akira 
Published: July 2014

Object
Temozolomide (TMZ) may enhance antitumor immunity in patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). In this paper the authors report on a prospective Phase I/IIa clinical trial of fractionated radiotherapy (FRT) concomitant with TMZ therapy, followed by treatment with autologous formalin-fixed tumor vaccine (AFTV) and TMZ maintenance in patients with newly diagnosed GBM.

Methods
Twenty-four patients (age 16–75 years, Karnofsky Performance Scale score ≥ 60% before initiation of FRT) with newly diagnosed GBM received a total dose of 60 Gy of FRT with daily concurrent TMZ. After a 4-week interval, the patients received 3 AFTV injections and the first course of TMZ maintenance chemotherapy for 5 days, followed by multiple courses of TMZ for 5 days in each 28-day cycle.

Results
This treatment regimen was well tolerated by all patients. The percentage of patients with progression-free survival (PFS) ≥ 24 months was 33%. The median PFS, median overall survival (OS), and the actuarial 2- and 3-year survival rates of the 24 patients were 8.2 months, 22.2 months, 47%, and 38%, respectively. The median PFS in patients with a delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response after the third AFTV injection (DTH-2) of 10 mm or larger surpassed the median length of follow-up for progression-free patients (29.5 months), which was significantly greater than the median PFS in patients with a smaller DTH-2 response.

Conclusions
The treatment regimen was well tolerated and resulted in favorable PFS and OS for newly diagnosed GBM patients. Clinical trial registration no.: UMIN000001426 (UMIN clinical trials registry, Japan).
Chronic subdural hematoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis of surgical procedures
Authors: Liu Weiming , Bakker Nicolaas A. , Groen Rob J. M. 
Published: July 2014

Object
In this paper the authors systematically evaluate the results of different surgical procedures for chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH).

Methods
The MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and other databases were scrutinized according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) statement, after which only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs were included. At least 2 different neurosurgical procedures in the management of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) had to be evaluated. Included studies were assessed for the risk of bias. Recurrence rates, complications, and outcome including mortality were taken as outcome measures. Statistical heterogeneity in each meta-analysis was assessed using the T2 (tau-squared), I2, and chi-square tests. The DerSimonian-Laird method was used to calculate the summary estimates using the fixed-effect model in meta-analysis.

Results
Of the 297 studies identified, 19 RCTs were included. Of them, 7 studies evaluated the use of postoperative drainage, of which the meta-analysis showed a pooled OR of 0.36 (95% CI 0.21–0.60; p < 0.001) in favor of drainage. Four studies compared twist drill and bur hole procedures. No significant differences between the 2 methods were present, but heterogeneity was considered to be significant. Three studies directly compared the use of irrigation before drainage. A fixed-effects meta-analysis showed a pooled OR of 0.49 (95% CI 0.21–1.14; p = 0.10) in favor of irrigation. Two studies evaluated postoperative posture. The available data did not reveal a significant advantage in favor of the postoperative supine posture. Regarding positioning of the catheter used for drainage, it was shown that a frontal catheter led to a better outcome. One study compared duration of drainage, showing that 48 hours of drainage was as effective as 96 hours of drainage.

Conclusions
Postoperative drainage has the advantage of reducing recurrence without increasing complications. The use of a bur hole or twist drill does not seem to make any significant difference in recurrence rates or other outcome measures. It seems that irrigation may lead to a better outcome. These results may lead to more standardized procedures.
Prenatal and postnatal evaluation for syringomyelia in patients with spinal dysraphism
Authors: Bixenmann Ben J. , Kline-Fath Beth M. , Bierbrauer Karin S. , Bansal Danesh 
Published: July 2014

Object
Syringomyelia can be diagnosed in isolation but is more commonly found in the presence of craniocervical junction anomalies or spinal dysraphism. The origin of syringomyelia has been hypothesized to be either congenital or acquired. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of syringomyelia within the fetal and postnatal population with neural tube defects (NTDs).

Methods
A review was performed of the authors' fetal MRI database of pregnancies with imaging between March 2004 and November 2011 for evaluation of an intrauterine anomaly detected via prenatal ultrasonography. Those cases with an NTD were then selected and a chart review was performed of all prenatal and postnatal imaging as well as available clinical history.

Results
A total of 2362 fetal MRI examinations were performed, and 109 of these were patients with an NTD. Of the 2362 studies reviewed, 2 cases of fetal syringomyelia were identified. Both fetal syrinxes were identified in fetuses with CSF flow disturbances (1 case each of encephalocele and myelomeningocele). Both fetal MRI examinations were performed late in gestation, at 31 and 38 weeks, respectively. The patient with an encephalocele was excluded from the spinal NTD population; therefore a syrinx was identified in 0.08% (2/2362) of the entire population of fetuses who underwent MRI, or 0.9% (1/109) of fetuses with a spinal NTD. Sixty-three of the 109 patients with an NTD had postnatal clinical data available for review. Twenty-nine (46%) of 63 had a syrinx identified during the follow-up period. Of this group, 50 patients had an open NTD and 27 (54%) of 50 developed a syrinx. Among the patients with an open NTD who developed a syrinx, only 7% did not have or develop hydrocephalus, compared with 35% of the patients who did not develop a syrinx (p < 0.05). There were nonsignificantly more frequent shunt revisions among those patients who developed a syrinx, and a syrinx developed in all patients who required surgical Chiari malformation decompression or tethered cord release. The initial identification of a spinal cord syrinx varied greatly between patients, ranging from 38 weeks gestation to greater than 4 years of age.

Conclusions
These data suggest that syringomyelia is not a congenital embryonic condition. A syrinx was not identified in fetuses who underwent imaging for other intrauterine anomalies. In the population of patients with NTDs who are known to be at high risk for developing syringomyelia, the pathology was only identified in 2 third-trimester fetuses or postnatally, typically in the presence of hydrocephalus, shunt placement, Chiari malformation decompression, or tethered cord release. The study supports the authors' hypothesis that a syrinx is an acquired lesion, most likely due to the effects of abnormal CSF flow.