bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex and age differences in inflammatory bowel disease patients; a nationwide study based on Iranian Registry of Crohn’s and Colitis (IRCC)
Authors: Khanmohammadi Shaghayegh , Sheidaei Ali , Alatab Sudabeh , Tabatabaei-Malazy Ozra , Vahedi Homayoon , Mansour-Ghanaei Fariborz , Fakheri Hafez , Sheikhesmaeili Farshad , Sadeghi Anahita , Sima Ali Reza , Anushiravan Amir , Yazdanbod Abbas , Moosavy Seyed Hamid , Maleki Iradj , Vosooghinia Hassan , Malekzadeh Masoud , Malekzadeh Reza 
Published: July 2024

Background
Despite the rising prevalence of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), age and sex differences in its outcomes remain understudied. We investigated age and sex differences in IBD patients using a nationwide study in Iran, the Iranian Registry of Crohn’s and Colitis (IRCC).

Methods
The IRCC is a national registry that gathered information on adult IBD patients since 2017. The collected data included demographic information, medication history, disease activity, comorbidities, diagnosis age, prognosis, the extent of ulcerative colitis (UC), Crohn’s disease (CD) location, and extraintestinal manifestations. The statistical methods included the independent Student’s t-test, Chi-square test, and binary logistic regression, using R version 4.2.2.

Results
Among the 9,392 IBD patients, 7,496 (3,600 females) and 1,896 (808 females) had UC and CD, respectively. Sex difference showed higher odds of active disease in the past six months in male CD patients (OR 1.24 [95%CI 1.03, 1.49]) vs. females, but in male UC patients, the OR was 0.85 [0.78, 0.93]. Severe disease was less likely in CD patients aged 19–59 and >60 vs. <18. Similarly, UC patients <18 had lower odds of severe disease vs. those aged 19–59 and >60.

Conclusions
This study emphasizes the importance of understanding age and sex differences in IBD outcomes. These findings contribute to the ongoing global discussion on IBD management and facilitate the development of targeted interventions and personalized care.
Prescribing trends of glaucoma medication in Korea from 2007 to 2020: A nationwide population-based study
Authors: Na Kyeong Ik , Lee Won June , Choi Youn Joo , Park Sung Pyo 
Published: July 2024

Purpose
Investigating long-term trends in glaucoma medication.

Methods
All patients diagnosed with glaucoma and prescribed glaucoma eye drops between 2007 and 2020 in Korea’s Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service database participated in this study. A weight was assigned to each prescription using the reciprocal of the total number of prescriptions received by the individual in that year. The number of patients who received each type of glaucoma eye drop prescription was calculated by summing the weights for each year.

Results
During the study period, prostaglandin analog eye drop monotherapy was the most frequently given type of glaucoma eye drop prescription. Until 2008, the second most frequently given type of glaucoma eye drop prescription was beta blocker eye drop monotherapy; thereafter, it changed to carbonic anhydrase inhibitor/beta blocker fixed-combination eye drop monotherapy. The prescription proportion of single-ingredient glaucoma eye drops decreased (-1.290%/year, P < 0.001), whereas that of fixed-combination glaucoma eye drops increased (1.291%/year, P < 0.001). The number of glaucoma eye drops prescribed per patient remained constant (-0.00030/year, P = 0.167) with an average of 1.302, while the number of active ingredients prescribed per patient increased (0.01737/year, P < 0.001) from 1.659 in 2007 to 1.896 in 2020.

Conclusion
Over 14 years, there was no change in the number of glaucoma eye drops prescribed to individual patients in Korea. However, the number of active ingredients prescribed increased owing to the increased prescription of fixed-combination eye drops. The current trends in glaucoma medication are expected to help establish future treatment strategies.
Retention rate of vaccination card and its associated factors among vaccinated children aged 12─23 months in Ethiopia: Multilevel logistic regression analysis
Authors: Tareke Abiyu Abadi , Tewabe Ayelign Atikaw , Yewodiaw Thomas Kidanemariam , Shiferaw Enyew Woretaw , Eshetu Habitu Birhan , Enyew Ermias Bekele 
Published: July 2024

Background
Vaccine card is a crucial tool for gauging vaccine coverage. It is imperative to hold these health cards to have well-fitted data which are crucial in reaching data-driven decisions in the era of immunization surveillance and monitoring processes. However, there is limited knowledge about the retention rate of vaccination card and its associated factors in Ethiopia.

Objective
This research aimed to assess the retention rate and associated factors of vaccination card in Ethiopia, using data from the 2016 Ethiopian demographic health survey.

Methods
This study included a total of 1304 (weighted) children aged 12─23 months who were vaccinated and provided with a vaccination card. We used a multilevel logistic regression model to analyze factors associated with vaccination card retention. We considered factors to be statistically significant if they had a p-value of less than 0.05 with a respective 95% confidence interval.

Result
Among the cohort of 1,304 immunized children, it was observed that 684, representing 52.5% (95% CI: 49.7%─55.2%), were able to present their respective vaccination card during the interview time. According to the results of the multilevel logistic analysis, there is a considerable reduction in the rate of vaccination card retention by 65% (adjusted OR 0.35, 95% CI: 0.19─0.65) and 37% (adjusted OR 0.63, 95% CI: 0.4─0.91) for individuals who are rural residents and those who are fully vaccinated, respectively. Furthermore, it is noteworthy to mention that individuals originating from socio-economic backgrounds with low poverty levels exhibit a 59% increase in vaccination card possession (adjusted OR 1.59, 95% CI: 1.11─2.50).

Conclusion
This study revealed a low rate of holding vaccination cards. Place of residency, wealth status, and vaccination status were factors that contributed to the change in the vaccination card retention rate. It is advisable to customize the interventional strategy by taking into account the individual’s residency, immunization status, and degree of poverty within the community, to achieve a favorable rate of holding vaccination cards.
Effects of Retrograde Colonic Enema-Based Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in the Treatment of Childhood Constipation: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Trial
Authors: Gu Xu , Yang Zhonghua , Kou Youwei , Yang Fan , Wang Yang , Chen Ying , Wang Enhui , Jiang Xuzheng , Bai Yuzuo , Zhang Zhibo , Zhang Shucheng 
Published: July 2024

INTRODUCTION:
Management of intractable childhood constipation is still challenging. The efficacy of retrograde colonic enema (RCE) with fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in intractable childhood constipation has not been established, although both have demonstrated potential in gastrointestinal diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the safety and efficacy of RCE-based FMT in the treatment of intractable constipation in children.

METHODS:
A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial with 110 children was conducted. The patients were randomly assigned to the FMT with RCE group or the placebo with RCE group. All participants received a daily RCE, followed by a 4-week FMT treatment (twice a week) and a 12-week follow-up period. Spontaneous bowel movements ≥ 3 per week were the main outcomes, and the risk ratio with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated. Changes in intestinal bacterial profile were analyzed by BOX-PCR-based DNA fingerprinting and sequencing. The adverse effects were assessed based on symptoms.

RESULTS:
At the end of the follow-up period, 22 patients (40.0%) in the FMT with RCE group and 10 patients (18.2%) in the placebo with RCE group had ≥ 3 spontaneous bowel movements per week (net difference = 21.8%, 95% CI: 13.2%–30.4%; risk ratio: 1.364, 95% CI: 1.063–1.749; P < 0.05). Both RCE and FMT enriched the intestinal bacterial diversity of patients with constipation. The adverse events were all mild self-limiting gastrointestinal symptoms.

DISCUSSION:
FMT enhances the efficacy of RCE, and the use of RCE-based FMT is a safe and effective method in the treatment of intractable constipation in children.
Prolonged Asymptomatic Tracheal Aspiration of a Small Bowel Capsule Endoscope
Authors: Travers Jared , Isenberg Gerard 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
Aspiration into the respiratory tract is a rare complication of capsule endoscopy. We describe a patient whose small bowel capsule endoscopy was complicated by aspiration into the proximal trachea without apparent respiratory symptoms. Spontaneous expulsion of the capsule device through coughing occurred approximately 10 hours later.
Æsthesis, Tecnologias Digitais e Educação: a formação dos sentidos humanos na era do virtual
Authors: Alves Antônio José Lopes , Silva Sabina Maura 
Published: July 2024

Resumo: O artigo examina os desdobramentos dos atuais procedimentos de virtualização dos processos produtivos e interativos no que estes representam, e podem representar, para a constituição de um novo universo de experiência da realidade e das atividades cotidianas dos indivíduos. Reformulação que enquadra de novo modo a própria æsthesis, o conjunto das potências de percepção e apropriação objetiva e subjetiva de mundo. A partir da inquirição desses aspectos, ensaia-se, ao fim, uma prospecção das implicações práticas e teóricas de tais desenvolvimentos para a atividade educativa.
Palavras-chave: Sensibilidade; Virtualidade; Marx; Educação; Individualidade
Æsthesis, Digital Technologies and Education: the formation of human senses in the virtual’s era
Abstract: The article examines the current processes of virtualization of productive and interactive processes in what these represent, and can represent, for the constitution of a new universe of experience of reality and the daily activities of individuals. A reformulation framing in the new way the aesthesis itself, the set of all the powers of perception and objective and subjective appropriation of the world. From the examination of these aspects, a prospective study of the practical and theoretical implications of such developments for the educational activity.
Keywords: Sensitivity; Virtuality; Marx; Education; Individuality
Æsthesis, Technologies Numériques et Éducation : la formation des sens humains à l’ère du virtuelle
Résumé : L’article examine les développements des procédures actuelles pour la virtualisation des processus productifs et interactifs dans ce qu’ils représentent, et peuvent représenter, pour la constitution d’un nouvel univers d’expérience de la réalité et des activités quotidiennes des individus. Reformulation qui encadre l’ésthèse elle-même, l’ensemble des pouvoirs de perception et d’appropriation objective et subjective du monde. De l’étude de ces aspects, il est testé, à la fin, une prospection des implications pratiques et théoriques de tels développements pour l’activité éducative.
Mots-clés : Sensibilité ; Virtualité ; Marx ; Éducation ; Individualité
Data de registro: 23/09/2022
Data de aceite: 23/08/2022
Disrupting comfort: From low-carbon to low-impact cities
Authors: De Castro Mazarro Alejandro , Joshi Neelakshi , Samartzidis Lasare 
Published: July 2024

In this commentary, we argue for the low-impact city as an alternative to the dominant urban imaginary of the low-carbon city. We adopt an ecological economics lens to expose the limitations of the urban resource efficiency paradigm when tackling environmental degradation beyond city boundaries. Based on the interpretation of urbanisation as a material practice, we urge for a fundamental recalibration of sustainability paradigms in urban planning. To integrate the impacts of urbanisation on non-urban landscapes within the framework of urban sustainability science, we furthermore stress the urgent need for frugality, resource reduction, and inclusiveness in urban planning practice.
On the role of surface stress in environment-assisted fracture
Authors: Udupa Anirudh , Mohanty Debapriya P. , Mallick Shatabdi , Mann James B. , Latanision Ronald M. , Chandrasekar Srinivasan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Environment effects in plasticity and fracture of metals, well studied for several decades, still pose many unanswered questions. A micro-mechanics explanation of how dislocation activity is influenced by the material surface state, that can answer these questions, has been elusive. We build on a recently discovered effect in metal cutting – organic monolayer embrittlement (OME) – wherein metal surfaces are rendered brittle by long-chain organic adsorbates, to explore how material state variables influence surface plasticity and fracture. In particular, cutting experiments with Al containing Self Assembled Monolayers (SAMs), show that the OME is controlled by surface stress (f) induced by the adsorbates. This is contrary to many instances of environment-assisted fracture which are usually attributed to surface energy changes, and wherein f is largely ignored. Other contributions include (a) a cantilever technique to measure surface stress, (b) demonstration of strong effect of SAM molecule chain length on f, (c) characterization of how dislocation activity at crack-tips is affected by adsorbate-induced f, and (d) large improvements in machining processes enabled by controlled environment-assisted fracture. We make the case that surface stress, due to adsorbates, likely influences all environmentally assisted cracking (EAC) phenomena, warranting a revisit of extant models of EAC.
Terpene-based novel invasomes: pioneering cancer treatment strategies in traditional medicine
Authors: Dwivedi Renu , Bala Rajni , Madaan Reecha , Singh Sumitra , Sindhu Rakesh K. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Health care workers have faced a significant challenge because of the rise in cancer incidence around the world during the past 10 years. Among various forms of malignancy skin cancer is most common, so there is need for the creation of an efficient and safe skin cancer treatment that may offer targeted and site-specific tumor penetration, and reduce unintended systemic toxicity. Nanocarriers have thus been employed to get around the issues with traditional anti-cancer drug delivery methods. Invasomes are lipid-based nanovesicles having small amounts of terpenes and ethanol or a mixture of terpenes and penetrate the skin more effectively. Compared to other lipid nanocarriers, invasomes penetrate the skin at a substantially faster rate. Invasomes possess a number of advantages, including improved drug effectiveness, higher compliance, patient convenience, advanced design, multifunctionality, enhanced targeting capabilities, non-invasive delivery methods, potential for combination therapies, and ability to overcome biological barriers,. These attributes position invasomes as a promising and innovative platform for the future of cancer treatment. The current review provides insights into invasomes, with a fresh organizational scheme and incorporates the most recent cancer research, including their composition, historical development and methods of preparation, the penetration mechanism involving effect of various formulation variables and analysis of anticancer mechanism and the application of invasomes.
Oligohydramnios at term in the high-risk population – how severe is severe?
Authors: Pekar-Zlotin Marina , Hirsh Nimrod , Melcer Yaakov , Wiener Yifat , Kugler Nadav , Zilberman Sharon Nataly , Maymon Ron 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objectives
The term oligohydramnios is linked to pregnancy complications. We previously presented the outcome of the low-risk population (no pregnancy complications) with term oligohydramnios. This study aims to address the high-risk group (Any maternal complication during pregnancy, such as gestational diabetes, pre-gestational diabetes, chronic hypertension, preeclampsia, anemia, asthma, obesity, and multi parity.)

Methods
This retrospective cohort study of 1,114 singleton term (≥37), oligohydramnios (AFI <50 mm) pregnancies from Shamir Medical Center between 2017 and 2021. Compering the low-risk to high-risk groups with subdivision by severity of oligohydramnios.

Results
A total of 211 subjects (19 %) were high-risk cases and 903 (81 %) low-risk cases. Comparing these two groups, subjects of the high-risk group were older (31.34 ± 5.85 vs. 29.51 vs. 4.96), had earlier gestational age at delivery 39.53 ± 1.18 vs. 40, had higher mean AFI (35 ± 12.7 vs. 33 ± 14.5), were subject to more labor inductions (81 vs. 69.7 %), and CS rate (19.9 vs. 12.4 %). Logistic regression revealed a need for more cesarean sections in the high-risk group. Additionally, more labor inductions and a higher risk of negative fetal outcomes.

Conclusions
This study highlights the importance of considering pregnancy risk factors when we are approaching oligohydramnios in high-risk pregnancies.
Writer and participant visibility in quantitative and qualitative research: a corpus-assisted study of human agent verbs in health science publications
Authors: Breeze Ruth 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Quantitative and qualitative research writing is thought to differ in a number of ways, which include the visibility given to the human agents involved, that is, writers and participants in the study. However, most studies have so far centred on writer visibility alone, which has been measured principally through personal pronoun use. This paper approaches the issue of writer and participant visibility in one area of research where both quantitative and qualitative methods are frequent, namely health sciences. A new methodology is applied, based on the presence of verbs that imply a human agent and thus potentially offer an opportunity for writer or participant visibility. Two corpora are built to represent quantitative and qualitative research writing in health sciences, and quantitative data are obtained. Exploration of the most frequent human-agent verbs, their active uses and their subjects shows that both quantitative and qualitative researchers in health science maintain low writer visibility, but that both writers and participants are more visible in the case of studies using qualitative methodology. These findings are discussed in the light of the bibliography, and pointers are provided for future research. The contribution of the present paper to corpus-assisted research on academic writing is highlighted. Finally, some applications for teaching scientific writing at graduate level are proposed.
Giant second-harmonic generation in monolayer MoS2 boosted by dual bound states in the continuum
Authors: Wang Ji Tong , You Jian Wei , Panoiu Nicolae C. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Dielectric metasurfaces open new avenues in nonlinear optics through their remarkable capability of boosting frequency conversion efficiency of nonlinear optical interactions. Here, a metasurface consisting of a square array of cruciform-shaped silicon building blocks covered by a monolayer MoS2 is proposed. By designing the metasurface so that it supports optical bound states in the continuum (BICs) at the fundamental frequency and second harmonic, nearly 600× enhancement of the second-harmonic generation (SHG) in the MoS2 monolayer as compared to that of the same MoS2 monolayer suspended in air is achieved. To gain deeper insights into the physics of the metasurface-induced enhancement of nonlinear optical interactions, an eigenmode expansion method is employed to analytically investigate the main characteristics of SHG and the results show a good agreement with the results obtained via full-wave numerical simulations. In addition, a versatile nonlinear homogenization approach is used to highlight and understand the interplay between the BICs of the metasurface and the efficiency of the SHG process. This work suggests a promising method to enhance the nonlinear optical processes in two-dimensional materials, enabling the development of advanced photonic nanodevices.
Messunsicherheit einer Kalibriereinrichtung für Wärmestromsensoren – Unsicherheit der Temperaturdifferenz
Authors: Beerel Joseph , Bartz Frederik , Fröhlich Thomas 
Published: July 2024

Zusammenfassung
Wärmestromsensoren werden in den verschiedensten Applikationen eingesetzt. Dabei ist eine Kalibrierung der Sensoren unumgänglich. In diesem Beitrag wird die Bedeutung von Wärmestromsensoren und die Notwendigkeit einer Kalibrierung aufgezeigt. Zu diesem Zweck wurde am Institut für Prozessmess- und Sensortechnik der Technischen Universität Ilmenau ein Kalibrierstand entwickelt und aufgebaut, der die rückführbare Kalibrierung von Wärmestromsensoren ermöglicht. Mit dieser Einrichtung können Wärmestromsensoren durch einen Vergleich gegenüber einem Referenzwärmestromsensor, basierend auf Wärmeleitprozessen, kalibriert werden. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird der Aufbau der Kalibriereinrichtung sowie der enthaltenen Sensorik diskutiert und eine umfassende Unsicherheitsbetrachtung zum eingeprägten Wärmestrom angestellt. Der Schwerpunkt dieser Unsicherheitsbetrachtung liegt auf der Messung von Temperaturdifferenzen innerhalb der Einrichtung, die einen maßgeblichen Einfluss auf die Unsicherheit des rückführbaren Wärmestroms haben. Aus der umfassenden Unsicherheitsbetrachtung resultiert für den bereitgestellten Wärmestrom in der Kalibriereinrichtung eine um (k = 2) erweiterte relative Messunsicherheit von 2,9 %.
Synthesis and emulsification properties of polyglyceryl estolides prepared from fatty acids
Authors: Hoong Seng Soi , Mohd Zan Arniza , Nek Mat Din Nik Siti Mariam , Abu Hassan Noor Armylisas , Tang Sook Wah , Ahmad Norashikin , Tuan Ismail Tuan Noor Maznee , Azizul Hasan Zafarizal Aldrin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Polyglyceryl polyricinoleate (PGPR) is an emulsifier produced by esterification of polyricinoleic acid and polyglycerol. Polyricinoleic acid is derived from ricinoleic acid, which is expensive compared to other fatty acids. Therefore, analogues of polyricinoleic acid should be made from less expensive fatty acids, such as oleic acid. Therefore, oleic acid was converted to polyhydroxy estolide (PE) by a reaction with hydrogen peroxide and acetic acid. The PE was used as a substitute for polyricinoleic acid to produce PGPR analogues by direct esterification with polyglycerol and various fatty acids. The direct reaction between polyglycerol and PE produced a polyglyceryl estolide (PGE) with high viscosity and hydroxyl value, which limited its suitability as an emulsifier for the isopropyl myristate (IPM) and water system. Conversely, PGE prepared from lauric acid, polyglycerol and PE showed lower viscosity and hydroxyl value, resulting in a broad region of emulsion stability on a phase diagram when evaluated as a water-in-oil emulsifier for the IPM/water system. Similarly, other PGE made with oleic acid also displayed good emulsion stability for systems with higher IPM concentrations. In contrast, PGE prepared with stearic acid was a semi-solid at room temperature. Most of the prepared PGEs showed promising potential as emulsifiers for water-in-oil emulsions.