bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of waxy maize and potato starches on the stability and physicochemical properties of model sauces prepared with fresh beef meat
Authors: Bortnowska Grażyna , Krzemińska Natalia , Mojka Katarzyna 
Published: July 2013

SummaryStability and physicochemical properties of model sauces containing 2.5 wt% fresh beef meat (related to raw material), 30 wt% rapeseed oil and native waxy maize starch (WMS) or potato starch (PS) at concentrations ranged from 0.5 to 4.0 wt% were assessed. Sauces thickened with WMS showed a significantly (P < 0.05) higher stability than respective ones made with PS. All studied systems exhibited non‐Newtonian, pseudoplastic behaviour. The Ostwald–de Waele and Herschel–Bulkley models were used to describe the flow properties of model sauces. In comparison with control sample (prepared without starch), addition of this polysaccharide (WMS or PS) increased consistency index, yield stress and apparent viscosity and decreased flow behaviour index of model sauces. The Arrhenius equation was used to determine the effects of temperature (20–50 °C) on the apparent viscosity. The activation energy values were in ranges 7.66–10.59 kJ mol−1 and 8.87–11.82 kJ mol−1 in sauces prepared with WMS and PS, respectively. The instrumentally detected changes in consistency and whiteness of model sauces were found, which may be used as the good predictors of the perceived sensory consistency and whiteness.
A novel hAT element in Bombyx mori and Rhodnius prolixus: its relationship with miniature inverted repeat transposable elements (MITEs) and horizontal transfer
Authors: Zhang H‐H. , Shen Y‐H. , Xu H‐E. , Liang H‐Y. , Han M‐J. , Zhang Z. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractComparative analysis of transposable elements (TEs) from different species can make it possible to reconstruct their history over evolutionary time. In this study, we identified a novel hAT element in Bombyx mori and Rhodnius prolixus with characteristic GGGCGGCA repeats in its subterminal region. Meanwhile, phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the elements in these two species might represent a separate cluster of the hAT superfamily. Strikingly, a previously identified miniature inverted repeat transposable element (MITE) shared high identity with this autonomous element across the entire length, supporting the hypothesis that MITEs are derived from the internal deletion of DNA transposons. Interestingly, identity of the consensus sequences of this novel hAT element between B. mori and R. prolixus, which diverged about 370 million years ago, was as high as 96.5% over their full length (about 3.6 kb) at the nucleotide level. The patchy distribution amongst species, coupled with overall lack of intense purifying selection acting on this element, suggest that this novel hAT element might have experienced horizontal transfer between the ancestors of B. mori and R. prolixus. Our results highlight that this novel hAT element could be used as a potential tool for germline transformation of R. prolixus to control the transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi, which causes Chagas disease.
Detoxification activity and energy cost is attenuated in whiteflies feeding on Tomato yellow leaf curl China virus‐infected tobacco plants
Authors: Luan J.‐B. , Wang Y.‐L. , Wang J. , Wang X.‐W. , Liu S.‐S. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe begomovirus Tomato yellow leaf curl China virus (TYLCCNV) can benefit its vector, the whitefly Bemisia tabaci, through suppressing the defences of their shared host plants. However, the mechanisms of this vector−virus mutualism remain largely unknown on the insect side of the interaction. Here, we compared the transcriptional profiles of female adult whiteflies of B. tabaci Middle East‐Asia Minor 1 feeding on TYLCCNV‐free and TYLCCNV‐infected tobacco plants using the next‐generation sequencing technique and quantitative real‐time PCR. Interestingly, the genes involved in the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) pathway and detoxification enzyme were down‐regulated in whiteflies feeding on virus‐infected plants. Decreased detoxification activity costs less energy, which may reduce OXPHOS activity. Moreover, the genes involved in redox activity were also down‐regulated, which may indicate that the reduced OXPHOS activity decreased reactive oxygen species production. Reduced detoxification activity is likely to attenuate energy costs, thereby enhancing the performance of whiteflies on virus‐infected plants. These results provide further insight into the mechanisms of the plant‐mediated whitefly−virus mutualism. Moreover, our study suggests that investigating the transcriptional profiles on the insect side of the interaction can advance our understanding of the tripartite interactions.
Wielding Soft Power in a World of Neglect: The Europeanization of Greek and Portuguese Public Employment Services
Authors: Zartaloudis Sotirios 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe Europeanization literature has extensively examined the influence of the European employment strategy (EES) on Member States' employment policies. However, two least‐likely cases – Greece and Portugal – have been neglected in the literature. This article focuses on the activation of public employment services (PES), which has been one of the key elements of the EES. Based on a sample of 44 semi‐structured interviews and primary and secondary document research on seven reform episodes during 1995–2009, it finds that the EES altered Greek and Portuguese employment policies by empowering policy entrepreneurs and, when the latter were absent, through European Social Fund financial conditionality. While the literature considers policy learning as the chief EES‐Europeanization mechanism, little evidence is found herein to support such an explanation. The findings may be relevant for a number of EU policies based on voluntarism and EU funds, such as the new flagship EU initiative Europe 2020.
Intensity Inhomogeneity Correction Using N3 on Mouse Brain Magnetic Resonance Microscopy
Authors: Lin Lan , Wu Shuicai , Bin Guangyu , Yang Chunlan 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSESmall animal neuroimaging using magnetic resonance microscopy (MRM) has evolved significantly from understanding of imaging physics to widely use today as an important tool in computational neuroanatomy, while how to get optimal inhomogeneity correction for inhomogeneous mouse brain MRM has been given less attention.METHODSThis present study investigates the ability of fine‐tuning the nonparametric nonuniform intensity normalization (N3) technique to get optimal inhomogeneity correction of mouse brain MRM. Six mice were scanned on a 7‐T scanner with a phased array surface coil of four elements. The N3 parameters such as stopping criteria, maximum iterations, down‐sampling ratio, full width at half maximum, spline distance, and brain mask have been tuned to get optimal correction result. We used coefficient of variation of the white matter and joint variation to ascertain quantitatively the correction. The data were analyzed by two‐way repeated measures analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test.RESULTSThe quantitative outcomes show that brain mask and spline distance have a significant influence on correcting performance.CONCLUSIONSThe present study demonstrates the benefit of reducing the spline distance values to 25 and tighter mask. The finding can help researches to enhance precision in studies where mouse MRM need further registration or segmentation.
Influence of the thickness of silicone registration material as a means for occlusal contact examination – an explorative study with different tooth clenching intensities
Authors: Obara R. , Komiyama O. , Iida T. , De Laat A. , Kawara M. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryThis study explored the influence of the thickness of silicone registration material on evaluation of the occlusal contact area and number of occlusal contact points, during increasing tooth clenching conditions in normal subjects. Twenty‐four subjects with no more than one missing tooth per quadrant participated. Surface electro‐myography was recorded from the masseter muscle. As a baseline measurement, intercuspal position was maintained with minimal force, and occlusal contact was recorded using blue silicone material. Occlusal contact was also recorded at 20% maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) and 40% MVC using visual feedback. The occlusal contact area and number of occlusal contact points were analysed using five levels of thickness of silicone registration material: Level 1 (0–149 μm); Level 2 (0–89 μm); Level 3 (0–49 μm); Level 4 (0–29 μm); and Level 5 (0–4 μm). The anterior part and the left and right posterior regions of the dental arch were analysed separately. At all detection levels, the occlusal contact area significantly increased from baseline to 20% MVC and to 40% MVC in the molar area (P < 0·05). In the anterior part, the occlusal contact area significantly increased from baseline to 20% MVC and to 40% MVC only when using Level 5. The number of occlusal contact points significantly increased from baseline to 20% MVC and to 40% MVC only when using Level 5 in the molar area (P < 0·05). It suggested that occlusal contacts may be different at low tooth clenching intensity with potential effects on the teeth or periodontal tissues.
Toward a Global Understanding of Students Who Participate in Rural Primary Care Longitudinal Integrated Clerkships: Considering Personality Across 2 Continents
Authors: Eley Diann S. , Brooks Kathleen D. , Zink Therese , Cloninger C. Robert 
Published: July 2013

AbstractPurposeMedical schools worldwide have developed rural primary care immersive experiences to nurture students’ interest in future rural careers and address workforce shortages. Few studies have looked at the students who participate in these programs. This study explores personality traits in US and Australian students who undertake rural‐focused medical training.MethodsA cross‐sectional cohort design used the Temperament and Character Inventory to identify levels of the 7 basic dimensions of personality. Data were collected in successive cohorts over 2007‐2011. Multivariate analysis compared trait levels between groups and by demographic variables.FindingsThe majority of the 302 students (US‐167; Australia‐135) were female, aged 20‐29 years and single. A greater proportion of US students reported being partnered, living longest in a small rural/remote community and having a rural background. Significant differences between groups were detected in several traits but effect sizes were small. The personality pattern of the combined sample indicates students with a mature and stable personality high in Self‐Directedness, Persistence, and Cooperativeness. Rural background and marital status enhanced this pattern.ConclusionsDespite coming from different educational and societal backgrounds, similar personality patterns are evident in US and Australian students who pursue rural medical education. Data provide support for a pattern of traits associated with a rural background and its predictive influence on interest in rural practice. Considering the international expansion of rural longitudinal integrated clerkships, understanding student attributes may assist in identifying strategies to enhance the rural workforce that are relevant across cultures and continents.
Determinants of Adolescent Suicidal Ideation: Rural Versus Urban
Authors: Murphy Sean M. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractPurposeThe existing literature on disparities between rural and urban adolescents as they pertain to suicidal behavior is limited; identifying these distinctions could be pivotal in the decision of how to efficiently allocate scarce resources to reduce youth suicide rates. This study aimed to identify dissimilarities in predictors of suicidal ideation across the rural/urban threshold, as ideation is one of the most important predictors of suicide. Given that substance abuse is generally considered one of the strongest risk factors for suicidal behavior, a secondary aim was the isolation of the differences in usage of particular substances between rural and urban adolescents, and their effects on the likelihood of suicidal ideation, which is something that previous studies have had difficulty addressing.MethodsA global test determined that individual predictors of suicidal ideation differed across rural and urban adolescents, and simply including a rural/urban indicator in a multiple regression would result in biased estimates. Therefore, this paper assessed rural/urban differences among a comprehensive list of traditionally perceived risk and protective factors via bivariate analyses and separate multiple full‐information‐maximum‐likelihood regressions, which account for missing data.FindingsSomewhat contrary to the extant literature, the findings indicate important differences among predictors of suicidal ideation for rural and urban youths.ConclusionsThese differences should be taken into consideration when developing plans to combat adolescent suicide. The results further indicate that analyzing potential predictors of suicidal ideation for rural and urban adolescents via bivariate analyses alone, or a rural/urban indicator in a multiple regression, is not sufficient.
Criticizing the Critic: Comments on Jahoda's (2012) Critique of Discursive Social Psychology
Authors: Anderson Tony , Wiggins Sally 
Published: July 2013

AbstractJahoda (2012) criticizes discursive social psychology (DSP) on several different grounds; specifically, he argues that DSP has opaque methodological procedures, is of questionable scientific merit, involves over‐interpretation of its data, and implicitly claims its findings to be universal rather than contextually specific. We challenge these criticisms by arguing that observational studies of the kind typical within DSP research have a perfectly valid place within a scientific social psychology, that the interpretations made by DSP researchers should be seen in the context of a temporally extended research process in which they are subject to criticism and potential replication, and that Jahoda is himself guilty of over‐interpretation by inferring claims of universality when such an inference is not warranted by the data (i.e. the qualitative content of the sample of research papers considered by Jahoda).
VSL#3® probiotic therapy does not reduce portal pressures in patients with decompensated cirrhosis
Authors: Jayakumar Saumya , Carbonneau Michelle , Hotte Naomi , Befus A. Dean , St. Laurent Chris , Owen Richard , McCarthy Mairin , Madsen Karen , Bailey Robert J. , Ma Mang , Bain Vince , Rioux Kevin , Tandon Puneeta 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackground & AimsIn patients with decompensated cirrhosis, bacterial translocation can contribute to splanchnic vasodilatation, decreased effective circulating volume, and portal hypertension. The primary objective of this randomized, double blind placebo controlled trial was to evaluate the effect of the probiotic VSL#3® on the hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG).MethodsSeventeen patients with decompensated cirrhosis and an HVPG of ≥10 mmHg were randomized to receive 2 months of VSL#3® or an identical placebo. HVPG, endotoxin, interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐8, IL‐10, renin, aldosterone, nitric oxide and stool microbiota were measured at baseline and study end.ResultsTwo of the 17 patients were taken off the trial before completion (one for alcohol abuse and the second for SBP – both in placebo arm). Data were analysed on the remaining 15 patients. The median model for end‐stage liver disease score was 12, and 80% of patients had Child Pugh B disease. The treatment arm had a greater decrease in HVPG from baseline to study end than the placebo arm (median change from baseline −11.6% vs +2.8%), although this reduction was not statistically significant in either group. There was a significant reduction in the plasma aldosterone level in the VSL#3® group, but no significant changes in the other measured parameters, including the stool microflora analysis.ConclusionsWithin the limitations of our sample size, VSL#3® therapy does not appear to have a significant impact on portal pressure reduction in patients with decompensated cirrhosis.
Cheaters sometimes prosper: targeted worker reproduction in honeybee (Apis mellifera) colonies during swarming
Authors: Holmes Michael J. , Oldroyd Benjamin P. , Duncan Michael , Allsopp Michael H. , Beekman Madeleine 
Published: July 2013

AbstractKin selection theory predicts that honeybee (Apis mellifera) workers should largely refrain from producing their own offspring, as the workers collectively have higher inclusive fitness if they rear the sons of their mother, the queen. Studies that have quantified levels of ovary activation and reproduction among workers have largely supported this prediction. We sampled pre‐emergent male pupae and adult workers from seven colonies at regular intervals throughout the reproductive part of the season. We show that the overall contribution of workers to male (drone) production is 4.2%, nearly 40 times higher than is generally reported, and is highest during reproductive swarming, when an average of 6.2% of the males genotyped are worker‐produced. Similarly, workers in our samples were 100 times more likely to have active ovaries than previously assumed. Worker reproduction is seasonally influenced and peaks when colonies are rearing new queens. Not all worker subfamilies contribute equally to reproduction. Instead, certain subfamilies are massively over‐represented in drone brood. By laying eggs within the period in which many colonies produce virgin queens, these rare worker subfamilies increase their direct fitness via their well‐timed sons.
Alternative splicing alterations of Ca2+ handling genes are associated with Ca2+ signal dysregulation in myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) and type 2 (DM2) myotubes
Authors: Santoro Massimo , Piacentini Roberto , Masciullo Marcella , Bianchi Maria Laura Ester , Modoni Anna , Podda Maria Vittoria , Ricci Enzo , Silvestri Gabriella , Grassi Claudio 
Published: July 2013

AimsThe pathogenesis of myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) and type 2 (DM2) has been related to the aberrant splicing of several genes, including those encoding for ryanodine receptor 1 (RYR1), sarcoplasmatic/endoplasmatic Ca2+‐ATPase (SERCA) and α1S subunit of voltage‐gated Ca2+ channels (Cav1.1). The aim of this study is to determine whether alterations of these genes are associated with changes in the regulation of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis and signalling.MethodsWe analysed the expression of RYR1, SERCA and Cav1.1 and the intracellular Ca2+ handling in cultured myotubes isolated from DM1, DM2 and control muscle biopsies by semiquantitative RT‐PCR and confocal Ca2+ imaging respectively.Results(i) The alternative splicing of RYR1, SERCA and Cav1.1 was more severely affected in DM1 than in DM2 myotubes; (ii) DM1 myotubes exhibited higher resting intracellular Ca2+ levels than DM2; (iii) the amplitude of intracellular Ca2+ transients induced by sustained membrane depolarization was higher in DM1 myotubes than in controls, whereas DM2 showed opposite behaviour; and (iv) in both DM myotubes, Ca2+ release from sarcoplasmic reticulum through RYR1 was lower than in controls.ConclusionThe aberrant splicing of RYR1, SERCA1 and Cav1.1 may alter intracellular Ca2+ signalling in DM1 and DM2 myotubes. The differing dysregulation of intracellular Ca2+ handling in DM1 and DM2 may explain their distinct sarcolemmal hyperexcitabilities.
Fasciculation and elongation protein zeta‐1 (FEZ1) expression in reactive astrocytes in a rat model of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Sun Y.‐Y. , Zhang Y. , Sun X.‐P. , Liu T.‐Y. , Liu Z.‐H. , Chen G. , Xia C.‐L. 
Published: July 2013

AimsFasciculation and elongation protein zeta‐1 (FEZ1) is a critical regulator of dopaminergic neurone differentiation and dopamine release. However, to date, few studies evaluating the expression patterns of FEZ1 in Parkinson's disease (PD) have been reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression and cellular localization of FEZ1 in a rat model of PD and to explore the role of FEZ1 in PD pathogenesis.MethodsMale Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups: a PD group and a sham group. A model of PD was established by injecting 6‐Hydroxydopamine Hydrobromide (6‐OHDA) into the right medial forebrain bundle of rats. Sham‐lesioned rats were infused with equivalent amounts of saline and served as controls. The expression levels of FEZ1 mRNA and protein in striatum and substantia nigra were examined by real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and by Western blot analysis respectively. Immunohistochemistry was performed to identify the cellular localization of FEZ1 in sham‐lesioned and PD rats.ResultsWestern blot and real‐time PCR analyses demonstrated that FEZ1 was present in normal rat brain striatum and substantia nigra. After the 6‐OHDA injection, FEZ1 expression gradually increased, peaked and then decreased. Immunohistochemical detection showed a shift of FEZ1 expression from tyrosine hydroxylase positive neurones in sham‐lesioned rats to astrocytes in PD rats.ConclusionsOur results indicate that FEZ1 plays a role in the astrocytic protection of dopamine neurones and in the regulation of the neuronal microenvironment during the progression of PD.
The Emotion Deception Model: A Review of Deception in Negotiation and the Role of Emotion in Deception
Authors: Gaspar Joseph P. , Schweitzer Maurice E. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractDeception is pervasive in negotiations. Negotiations are characterized by information asymmetries, and negotiators often have both opportunities and incentives to mislead their counterparts. Effective negotiators need to contend with the risk of being deceived, effectively respond when they identify deception, and manage the temptation to use deception themselves. In our review of deception research, we integrate emotion research. Emotions are both an antecedent and a consequence of deception, and we introduce theemotion deception model(EDM) to represent these relationships. Our model broadens our understanding of deception in negotiations and accounts for the important role of emotions in the deception decision process.
Network analysis reveals the relationship among wood properties, gene expression levels and genotypes of natural Populus trichocarpa accessions
Authors: Porth Ilga , Klápště Jaroslav , Skyba Oleksandr , Friedmann Michael C. , Hannemann Jan , Ehlting Juergen , El‐Kassaby Yousry A. , Mansfield Shawn D. , Douglas Carl J. 
Published: July 2013

Summary

High‐throughput approaches have been widely applied to elucidate the genetic underpinnings of industrially important wood properties. Wood traits are polygenic in nature, but gene hierarchies can be assessed to identify the most important gene variants controlling specific traits within complex networks defining the overall wood phenotype. We tested a large set of genetic, genomic, and phenotypic information in an integrative approach to predict wood properties in Populus trichocarpa.

Nine‐yr‐old natural P. trichocarpa trees including accessions with high contrasts in six traits related to wood chemistry and ultrastructure were profiled for gene expression on 49k Nimblegen (Roche NimbleGen Inc., Madison, WI, USA) array elements and for 28 831 polymorphic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Pre‐selected transcripts and SNPs with high statistical dependence on phenotypic traits were used in Bayesian network learning procedures with a stepwise K2 algorithm to infer phenotype‐centric networks.

Transcripts were pre‐selected at a much lower logarithm of Bayes factor (logBF) threshold than SNPs and were not accommodated in the networks. Using persistent variables, we constructed cross‐validated networks for variability in wood attributes, which contained four to six variables with 94–100% predictive accuracy.

Accommodated gene variants revealed the hierarchy in the genetic architecture that underpins substantial phenotypic variability, and represent new tools to support the maximization of response to selection.