bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An empirical approach to modeling ion production rates in Titan's ionosphere II: Ion production rates on the nightside
Authors: Richard M. S. , Cravens T. E. , Wylie C. , Webb D. , Chediak Q. , Mandt K. , Waite J. H. , Rymer A. , Bertucci C. , Wellbrock A. , Windsor A. , Coates A. J. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIonization of neutrals by precipitating electrons and ions is the main source of Titan's nightside ionosphere. This paper has two goals: (1) characterization of the role of electron impact ionization on the nightside ionosphere for different magnetospheric conditions and (2) presentation of empirical ion production rates determined using densities measured by the Cassini Ion and Neutral Mass Spectrometer on the nightside. The ionosphere between 1000 and 1400 km is emphasized. We adopt electron fluxes measured by the Cassini Plasma Spectrometer‐Electron Spectrometer and the Magnetospheric Imaging Instrument as classified by Rymer et al. (2009). The current paper follows an earlier paper (Paper I), in which we investigated sources of Titan's dayside ionosphere and demonstrated that the photoionization process is well understood. The current paper (Paper II) demonstrates that modeled and empirical ionization rates on the nightside are in agreement with an electron precipitation source above 1100 km. Ion production rate profiles appropriate for different Saturnian magnetospheric conditions, as outlined by Rymer et al., are constructed for various magnetic field topologies. Empirical production rate profiles are generated for deep nightside flybys of Titan. The results also suggest that at lower altitudes (below 1100 km) another source, such as ion precipitation, is probably needed.
The long‐duration positive storm effects in the equatorial ionosphere over Jicamarca
Authors: Kuai Jiawei , Liu Libo , Liu Jing , Zhao Biqiang , Chen Yiding , Le Huijun , Wan Weixing 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe long‐duration positive storm (LPS) in the equatorial regions is relatively poorly understood. In this report, we conducted a statistical analysis of the LPS effects in the equatorial ionosphere over Jicamarca (12.0°S, 283.2°E) in 1998–2010. There are 250 geomagnetic storms (minimum Dst < −50 nT) in 1998–2010, but the ionosonde observations at Jicamarca are available only for 204 storms. A total of 46 LPSs are identified in terms of the criterion that the storm time relative deviation of peak density of F2 layer (NmF2) exceeds 25% for more than 6 h. A salient feature is that the occurrence of LPSs tends to decay approximately exponentially on the following days after the main phase of geomagnetic storms. The ratios of the number of equatorial LPSs to that of geomagnetic storms have no obvious dependence on season and solar activity. During the daytime LPSs, the disturbed zonal electric field is mostly westward, as indicated from the geomagnetic field changes in the equatorial American region. For the nighttime LPSs, the significant uplifting of F2 layer caused by an eastward electric field is the most important feature. Therefore, the disturbed electric field should play an essential role in forming the equatorial LPSs.
Evolution of the storm magnetic field disturbance around Earth's surface and the associated ring current as deduced from multiple ground observatories
Authors: Shen C. , Zeng G. , Li X. , Rong Z. J. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBased on the continuous magnetic measurements of the multiple ground observatories, the structure of the geomagnetic field disturbance and its temporal variations have been investigated, and the evolution of the storm ring current is deduced accordingly. Assuming that the geomagnetic disturbance around the Earth's surface is approximately linearly varying in space, the spatial gradient of the corrected H (geomagnetic horizontal) component can be obtained from the multiple ground observations. It is found that the maximum difference of the corrected H component around the Earth's surface, as calculated by the gradient of the corrected H component multiplied by the Earth diameter, represents well the asymmetric index Asy‐H. The antidirection of the gradient of the corrected H component can be regarded as pointing to the position of the maximum partial ring current. It is shown that for ordinary magnetic storms with Dst > −200 nT, the maximum partial ring current is located around the duskside during the main phase and the earlier stage of the recovery phase. At the later stage of the recovery phase, the position of the maximum partial ring current can possibly keep rotating eastward, indicating that the energetic electrons may play a significant role and the main ring current carriers may be the electrons at this stage. For the super storms (Dst < −200 nT), the position of the maximum partial ring current is not as regular. Based on physical considerations, this investigation also provides new formulas of the definitions to the symmetric index Sym‐H and asymmetric index Asy‐H.
Serum autoantibodies in silicosis and non‐silicosis cement workers
Authors: Beshir Safia , Shaheen Weam A. , Elserougy Safaa , Aziz Hisham M. 
Published: January 2015

AimTo study serum autoantibodies and immunoglobulin levels in cement workers.MethodsBlood samples for numerous antibodies were collected from 30 silicosis and 42 non‐silicosis cement workers. Spirometry of the silicosis workers was also studied.ResultsSerum IgA mean level showed a significant increase in the silicosis group compared to the non‐silicosis group. Elevated titers of serum anti‐smooth muscle antibodies (ASMA) and anti‐glomerular basement membrane (anti‐GBM) were detected only in the silicosis group. The duration of exposure showed a significant positive correlation with serum IgA, ASMA and anti‐GBM, and a significant negative correlation with serum IgG. Serum anti‐GBM showed a significant positive correlation with IgG while the inverse titer (1/titer) of anti‐GBM showed highly significant positive correlations with serum IgA and ASMA. The percent predicted FVC was the ventilatory function most closely associated with immunological parameters in silicosis group.ConclusionSerum IgA, ASMA, and anti‐GBM are the principal immunologic parameters associated with silicosis. Am. J. Ind. Med. 58:238–244, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Factors affecting layperson confidence in performing resuscitation of out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest patients in Japan
Authors: Sasaki Mie , Ishikawa Hirono , Kiuchi Takahiro , Sakamoto Tetsuya , Marukawa Seishiro 
Published: January 2015

AimBystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation including automated external defibrillator use increases the chance of survival after out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest. However, bystanders may be distressed by witnessing out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest and may hesitate to initiate cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The present study examined factors associated with layperson confidence in carrying out resuscitation of out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest patients.MethodsWe carried out a cross‐sectional survey in February 2012. Laypeople were asked about background characteristics, whether they had performed cardiopulmonary resuscitation, had received cardiopulmonary resuscitation training, were aware of the location of the neighborhood automated external defibrillator, and felt confident in performing resuscitation, and their potential emotional distress if a resuscitation attempt were to prove unsuccessful.ResultsParticipants comprised 4,853 respondents. Of these, 2,372 (49%) had received cardiopulmonary resuscitation training, and 3,607 (74%) knew where the neighborhood automated external defibrillator was located. Confidence in performing chest compressions was reported by 2,667 (55%), confidence in performing rescue breathing by 2,498 (52%), and confidence in using an automated external defibrillator by 2,822 (58%). Potential emotional distress if a resuscitation attempt proved unsuccessful was reported by 4,247 (88%). Multivariate regression analysis showed that having carried out cardiopulmonary resuscitation, having received cardiopulmonary resuscitation training, and awareness of the neighborhood automated external defibrillator location were significantly associated with confidence in performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation.ConclusionsOur results suggest that more extensive cardiopulmonary resuscitation training and information regarding neighborhood automated external defibrillator locations may increase layperson confidence in initiating resuscitation.
Economic hardship of minority and non‐minority cancer survivors 1 year after diagnosis: Another long‐term effect of cancer?
Authors: Pisu Maria , Kenzik Kelly M. , Oster Robert A. , Drentea Patricia , Ashing Kimlin T. , Fouad Mona , Martin Michelle Y. 
Published: January 2015

BACKGROUNDCurrent literature suggests that racial/ethnic minority survivors may be more likely than whites to experience economic hardship after a cancer diagnosis; however, little is known about such hardship.METHODSPatients with lung cancer (LC) and colorectal cancer (CRC) participating in the Cancer Care Outcomes Research and Surveillance (CanCORS) Consortium were surveyed approximately 4 months (baseline) and 12 months (follow‐up) after diagnosis. Economic hardship at follow‐up was present if participants 1) indicated difficulty living on household income; and/or 2) for the following 2 months, anticipated experiencing hardships (inadequate housing, food, or medical attention) or reducing living standards to the bare necessities of life. The authors tested whether African Americans (AAs) and Hispanics were more likely than whites to experience economic hardship controlling for sex, age, education, marital status, cancer stage, treatment, and economic status at baseline (income, prescription drug coverage).RESULTSOf 3432 survivors (39.7% with LC, 60.3% with CRC), 14% were AA, 7% were Hispanic, and 79% were white. AAs and Hispanics had lower education and income than whites. Approximately 68% of AAs, 58% of Hispanics, and 44.5% of whites reported economic hardship. In LC survivors, the Hispanic‐white disparity was not significant in unadjusted or adjusted analyses, and the AA‐white disparity was explained by baseline economic status. In CRC survivors, the Hispanic‐white disparity was explained by baseline economic status, and the AA‐white disparity was not explained by the variables that were included in the model.CONCLUSIONSEconomic hardship was evident in almost 1 in 2 cancer survivors 1 year after diagnosis, especially AAs. Research should evaluate and address risk factors and their impact on survival and survivorship outcomes. Cancer 2015;121:1257–1264. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Impact of patient and navigator race and language concordance on care after cancer screening abnormalities
Authors: Charlot Marjory , Santana M. Christina , Chen Clara A. , Bak Sharon , Heeren Timothy C. , Battaglia Tracy A. , Egan A. Patrick , Kalish Richard , Freund Karen M. 
Published: January 2015

BACKGROUNDPatient navigation improves the timely diagnosis of cancer among minorities, but little is known about the effects of patient and navigator race and language concordance on health outcomes.METHODSThe authors investigated the effects of patient and navigator race and language concordance on the time to diagnosis of cancer screening abnormalities among participants in the Boston Patient Navigation Research Program, a clinical effectiveness trial for women who had breast or cervical cancer screening abnormalities identified from January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2008. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using proportional hazards regression adjusting for clinical and demographic factors.RESULTSIn total, 1257 women had breast cancer screening abnormalities (n = 655) or cervical cancer screening abnormalities (n = 602) identified, and 56% were nonwhite. Language concordance was associated with timelier resolution for all patients in the cervical cancer screening abnormalities group during the first 90 days (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.46; 95% confidence interval, 1.18‐1.80), and specifically for Spanish speakers during the first 90 days (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.43; 95% confidence interval, 1.10‐1.84), but no difference was observed after 90 days for women who had cervical cancer screening abnormalities or at any time for those who had breast cancer screening abnormalities. Race concordance was associated with significant decreases in the time to diagnosis for minority women with breast and cervical cancer screening abnormalities in analyses stratified by race, but no differences were observed in analyses that included all women.CONCLUSIONSPatient navigator race and language concordance improved the timeliness of care in a minority population. Patient navigators who are racially/ethnically diverse and multilingual may help address barriers to care and improve cancer outcomes for low‐income minorities. Cancer 2015;121:1477–1483. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Evaluation of the effect of multiple doses of rifampin on the pharmacokinetics and safety of ponatinib in healthy subjects
Authors: Narasimhan Narayana I. , Dorer David J. , Davis Jeffrey , Turner Christopher D. , Sonnichsen Daryl 
Published: January 2015

AbstractPonatinib, an oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor with significant activity in heavily pretreated patients with chronic myeloid leukemia, is a CYP3A4 substrate. This open‐label, nonrandomized, fixed‐order crossover study evaluated the effect of multiple oral doses of rifampin, a strong CYP3A4 inducer, on the pharmacokinetics of ponatinib (45 mg, single dose). Twenty healthy adults received ponatinib on day 1, rifampin 600 mg alone on days 8–13, 15, and 16, and rifampin 600 mg with ponatinib on day 14. Rifampin decreased maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and area under the plasma concentration‐time curve (AUC) from time zero to time of last measurable concentration (AUC0‐t) and from time zero to infinity (AUC0‐∞) of ponatinib by 42%, 59%, and 63%, respectively, with no effect on time to Cmax. The limits of the 90% confidence intervals of the estimated geometric mean ratios of ponatinib Cmax, AUC0‐t, and AUC0‐∞ did not fall within the 80–125% margins for equivalence, suggesting a statistically significant interaction. Coadministration of ponatinib with strong CYP3A4 inducers should be avoided unless the benefit outweighs the possible risk of ponatinib underexposure, because the safety of ponatinib dose increases has not been studied in this context.
Controlled Release of a Sparingly Water‐Soluble Anticancer Drug through pH‐Responsive Functionalized Gold‐Nanoparticle‐Decorated Liposomes
Authors: Adhikari Chandan , Das Anupam , Chakraborty Anjan 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe binding and detachment of carboxyl‐modified gold nanoparticles from liposomes is used for controlled drug delivery. This study reveals that the binding and detachment of nanoparticles from liposomes depends on the degree of hydration of the liposomes. Liposomes with a lower hydration level undergo stronger electrostatic interactions with negatively charged gold nanoparticles, thus leading to a slower detachment of the carboxyl‐modified gold nanoparticles under gastric conditions. Therefore, under gastric conditions, gold‐nanoparticle‐decorated dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) liposomes exhibit an at least ten‐times‐slower drug release compared to gold‐nanoparticle‐decorated 1,2‐dimyristoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine (DMPC) liposomes, although both liposomes in the bare state fail to pursue controlled release. Our study also reveals that one can modulate the drug‐release rate by simply varying the concentration of nanoparticles. This study highlights a novel strategy for the controlled release of drug molecules from liposomes.
Critical limit states in seismic buckling‐restrained brace and connection designs
Authors: Chuang Ming‐Chieh , Tsai Keh‐Chyuan , Lin Pao‐Chun , Wu An‐Chien 
Published: January 2015

SummaryA welded end‐slot buckling‐restrained brace (WES‐BRB) has been developed at the Taiwan National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering (NCREE). A steel frame equipped with a WES‐BRB can offer a cost‐effective solution to meet interstory drift and earthquake‐resistant design requirements for seismic steel buildings. According to the WES‐BRB and connection design procedure proposed by NCREE, there are seven key elements of a buckling‐restrained braced frame (BRBF) design that require design checking. In order to assist an engineer with the design of the WES‐BRB members and connections, an innovative cloud service named Brace on Demand has been constructed at NCREE. In this study, using 581 BRBF design examples, the effectiveness of the proposed design procedures to meet all design checks is demonstrated. It is found that the most critical limit states for an initial design are joint region buckling, gusset plate buckling, and gusset‐to‐beam and gusset‐to‐column interface strength. Accordingly, the causes of improper designs and associated strategies for improving the initial designs are discussed in this paper. Recommendations on initial selections including the BRB joint size and gusset plate thickness are given. The paper provides the detailed road map for engineers to develop the spreadsheet for BRB and connection designs. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neural Crest-Specific TSC1 Deletion in Mice Leads to Sclerotic Craniofacial Bone Lesion
Authors: Fang Fang , Sun Shaogang , Wang Li , Guan Jun-Lin , Giovannini Marco , Zhu Yuan , Liu Fei 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations in either TSC1 or TSC2. TSC has high frequency of osseous manifestations such as sclerotic lesions in the craniofacial region. However, an animal model that replicates TSC craniofacial bone lesions has not yet been described. The roles of Tsc1 and the sequelae of Tsc1 dysfunction in bone are unknown. In this study, we generated a mouse model of TSC with a deletion of Tsc1 in neural crest-derived (NCD) cells that recapitulated the sclerotic craniofacial bone lesions in TSC. Analysis of this mouse model demonstrated that TSC1 deletion led to enhanced mTORC1 signaling in NCD bones and the increase in bone formation is responsible for the aberrantly increased bone mass. Lineage mapping revealed that TSC1 deficient NCD cells overpopulated the NCD bones. Mechanistically, hyperproliferation of osteoprogenitors at an early postnatal stage accounts for the increased osteoblast pool. Intriguingly, early postnatal treatment with rapamycin, an mTORC1 inhibitor, can completely rescue the aberrant bone mass, but late treatment cannot. Our data suggest that enhanced mTOR signaling in NCD cells can increase bone mass through enlargement of the osteoprogenitor pool, which likely explains the sclerotic bone lesion observed in TSC patients. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Benchmarking Database Performance for Genomic Data
Authors: Khushi Matloob 
Published: January 2015

AbstractGenomic regions represent features such as gene annotations, transcription factor binding sites and epigenetic modifications. Performing various genomic operations such as identifying overlapping/non‐overlapping regions or nearest gene annotations are common research needs. The data can be saved in a database system for easy management, however, there is no comprehensive database built‐in algorithm at present to identify overlapping regions. Therefore I have developed a novel region‐mapping (RegMap) SQL‐based algorithm to perform genomic operations and have benchmarked the performance of different databases. Benchmarking identified that PostgreSQL extracts overlapping regions much faster than MySQL. Insertion and data uploads in PostgreSQL were also better, although general searching capability of both databases was almost equivalent. In addition, using the algorithm pair‐wise, overlaps of >1000 datasets of transcription factor binding sites and histone marks, collected from previous publications, were reported and it was found that HNF4G significantly co‐locates with cohesin subunit STAG1 (SA1). J. Cell. Biochem. 116: 877–883, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of steroids on thrombogenic markers in patients undergoing unilateral total knee arthroplasty: A prospective, double‐blind, randomized controlled trial
Authors: McLawhorn Alexander S. , Beathe Jonathan , YaDeau Jacques , Buschiazzo Valeria , Purdue P. Edward , Ma Yan , Sculco Thomas P. , Jules‐Elysée Kethy 
Published: January 2015

AbstractVenous thromboembolism (VTE) remains an important complication after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Systemic thrombin generation starts perioperatively. Inflammation, characterized by a rise in interleukin‐6 (IL6), initiates the coagulation cascade, but low‐dose steroids can reduce post‐TKA IL6 levels. This double‐blinded, randomized, placebo‐controlled study enrolled 30 patients undergoing unilateral TKA to assess the effect of perioperative steroids on serum prothrombin fragment (PF1.2), a marker of thrombin generation, and plasmin‐alpha‐2‐antiplasmin complex (PAP), a marker of fibrinolysis. Study patients received 100 mg of intravenous hydrocortisone 2 h prior to surgery, and controls received normal saline. Blood samples, drawn pre‐incision and at 4 h post tourniquet release, were assayed for PF1.2 and PAP. The study group had significantly lower mean PF1.2 at 4 h compared to controls (616 ± 358 pMol/L vs. 936 ± 332 pMol/L, p = 0.037). The mean rise in PF1.2 in the control group was significantly greater compared to the study group (672 ± 173 pMol/L vs. 350 ± 211 pMol/L, p < 0.001). Mean PAP was higher in the study group at 4 h (1639 ± 823 µg/L vs. 1087 ± 536 µg/L), but did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.07). These results may have clinical implications in terms of postoperative VTE risk and management. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:???–???, 2015.
Dietary Variability During Bronze Age in Central Italy: First Results
Authors: Varalli A. , Moggi‐Cecchi J. , Moroni A. , Goude G. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis research aims at delineating the dietary practices in Central Italy during the Bronze Age. The study of food choices is a mean for investigating palaeoenvironmental agricultural and economic activities and social relationships, which have been little explored until now in Italy from this specific perspective. Recent researches have showed that the Middle Bronze Age is a crucial period of dietary changes in Italy. Following these first observations, we studied three Bronze Age sites in Tuscany and Latium: Grotta dello Scoglietto, Grotta Misa and Felcetone. Analyses of stable carbon, nitrogen and sulphur isotopes on 38 human and 22 animal collagen samples were performed. The results show three different dietary patterns. Data from Grotta dello Scoglietto (Early Bronze Age) indicate a high‐protein intake, with a probable consumption of fish. Additionally, sulphur results let us infer the presence of some non‐local people. Individuals from Felcetone (Initial phase of the Middle Bronze Age) show a terrestrial diet dominated by plant proteins, which suggests a low δ15N food intake, namely legumes, as well as C4 plant, such as millet. Finally, values from Grotta Misa (Middle Bronze Age) highlight a mixed terrestrial diet and the consumption of millet. Given the variety of the obtained results, we are able to conclude that the transition from the Early to the Middle Bronze Age represents a moment of change, which is reflected by the presence of different dietary patterns. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.