bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Maternal Depressive Symptoms on Growth of Preschool- and School-Aged Children
Authors: Surkan Pamela J. , Ettinger Anna K. , Ahmed Saifuddin , Minkovitz Cynthia S. , Strobino Donna 
Published: September 2012

OBJECTIVE:
The aim of our study was to examine whether maternal depressive symptoms at 9 months postpartum adversely affect growth in preschool- and school-aged children.

METHODS:
We used data from the US nationally representative Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Birth Cohort. We fit multivariable logistic regression models to study maternal depressive symptoms at 9 months postpartum (using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale) in relation to child growth outcomes, ≤10% height-for-age, ≤10% weight-for-height, and ≤10% weight-for-age at 4 and 5 years.

RESULTS:
At 9 months, 24% of mothers reported mild depressive symptoms and 17% moderate/severe symptoms. After adjustment for household, maternal, and child factors, children of mothers with moderate to severe levels of depressive symptoms at 9 months’ postpartum had a 40% increased odds of being ≤10% in height-for-age at age 4 (odds ratio = 1.40, 95% confidence interval: 1.04–1.89) and 48% increased odds of being ≤10% in height-for-age at age 5 (odds ratio = 1.48, 95% confidence interval: 1.03–2.13) compared with children of women with few or no depressive symptoms. There was no statistically significant association between maternal depressive symptoms and children being ≤10% in weight-for-height and weight-for-age at 4 or 5 years.

CONCLUSIONS:
Maternal depressive symptoms during infancy may affect physical growth in early childhood. Prevention, early detection, and treatment of maternal depressive symptoms during the first year postpartum may prevent childhood height-for-age ≤10th percentile among preschool- and school-aged children.
Views of Adolescents and Parents on Pediatric Research Without the Potential for Clinical Benefit
Authors: Wendler David , Abdoler Emily , Wiener Lori , Grady Christine 
Published: September 2012

OBJECTIVE:
Critics argue that pediatric research without the potential for clinical benefit is unethical because it treats children as mere means, exposing those who cannot consent to risks for the benefit of others. The present survey was designed to assess whether this claim is consistent with the views of adolescents who actually participate in research, or their parents.

METHODS:
Interviews were conducted with adolescents participating in research at the NIH Clinical Center or Seattle Children's Hospital, and their parents, from June 2008 through April 2010.

RESULTS:
Interviews were completed with 177 of 186 adolescent/parent pairs (response rate= 95.2%). Overall, 90% of the adolescents and parents were willing to have the adolescent undergo a few extra blood draws, and 65% were willing to have the adolescent undergo an extra skin biopsy, for research purposes. The vast majority felt that the adolescents were making an important contribution to help others, and 80.8% of the adolescents felt proud to be doing so. Respondents overall were equally willing to have the adolescent face risks to help others in a research study or in a charitable activity.

CONCLUSIONS:
The views and experiences of these respondents do not support the claim that pediatric research without the potential for clinical benefit treats subjects as mere means. Instead, the findings provide proof of principle for the claim that non-beneficial pediatric research involves a type of charitable activity which offers children the opportunity to contribute to a valuable project to help others.
Incidence of Chronic Bilirubin Encephalopathy in Canada, 2007–2008
Authors: Sgro Michael , Campbell Douglas M. , Kandasamy Sharmilaa , Shah Vibhuti 
Published: September 2012

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Despite the implementation of screening guidelines to identify infants at risk for hyperbilirubinemia, chronic bilirubin encephalopathy (CBE) continues to be reported worldwide in otherwise healthy infants. The incidence of CBE in Canada is unknown. The objectives of this study were to establish the incidence of CBE in Canada and identify epidemiological and medical risk factors associated with its occurrence.METHODS:Data on infants were collected prospectively through the Canadian Pediatric Surveillance Program. Infants born between January 1, 2007 and December 31, 2008 were included if they either had symptoms of CBE and a history of hyperbilirubinemia, or if they presented in the newborn period with severe hyperbilirubinemia and an abnormal MRI finding as per the reporting physician.RESULTS:During the study period, 20 cases were identified; follow-up data were available for 14 of these. The causes for the hyperbilirubinemia included glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (n = 5), sepsis (n = 2), ABO incompatibility and other red blood cell antibodies (n = 7). Fifteen infants had abnormal brain MRI findings during the neonatal period. At follow-up, 5 infants developed classic choreoathetoid cerebral palsy, 6 had spectrum of neurologic dysfunction and developmental delay (as described by the reporting physician), and 3 were healthy.CONCLUSIONS:CBE continues to occur in Canada at an incidence that appears to be higher than previously reported.
Managing Community Expectations through Strategic Stakeholder Engagement
Authors: Wall Caleb 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Stakeholder Engagement is widely accepted as a useful tool in responding to community concerns and managing community grievances. This paper argues that stakeholder engagement, if conducted in a strategic manner, can also be a useful tool in managing community expectations from extractive industry projects.
This paper examines the way in which new exploration activities often lead to local ‘host’ communities developing unrealistic or unreasonable expectations in terms of benefits from an oil & gas development. Concern about ‘raising community expectations’ is often given as a reason not to engage, or to wait on community engagement until the project is well advanced. Often it is these unfulfilled community expectations that serve as the touch stone for public dissatisfaction with large projects and which exacerbate community tensions.
This paper suggests that the presence of community expectations is an inevitable aspect of developing projects in remote locations, and argues instead for the use of strategic stakeholder engagement to deliberately manage community expectations. This means managing community expectations early on, and having a good answer ready when the project needs to say ‘no’ to certain community requests, and being prepared to say why.
By looking at stakeholder engagement as a risk management tool, rather than a response to an already degraded relationship with the community, this allows projects to be more in control of the messages they are sending to communities, and to carefully monitor where expectations may be running ahead of reality. Although unrealistic community expectations may be unavoidable, they can be managed and mitigated in a way that allows for constructive community engagement throughout a project lifecycle. However, to be effective this engagement needs to start early and say ‘no’ more often, while explaining why.
New Game Changers or Roads to Ruin - Now will industry change direction?
Authors: Smith Andrew L 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Recently, eighteen high profile corporate crises or major risk events of the last decade and their origins, impact & implications have been analysed.1
Seven underlying types of risks are integral to the ethos, safety, reputation and longevity of a business and its ability to use its own information effectively. They are seldom discussed within companies or in the literature on risk analysis. Many are virtually taboo internally, because they touch on the behaviour, decisions, performance and perceptions of the senior echelons of the company.
The important lessons are related to the need for boards, particularly non-executive directors [NEDs], to be more effective in their approach to risk management, seek full information and ask challenging questions about the underlying risks that have been identified. Risk managers and internal auditors will feel uncomfortable working in the areas highlighted in this report until they have been able to gain the skills and experience necessary effectively to question and discuss both corporate strategy and the leadership style of senior management. Many of these risk areas are difficult for risk professionals to explore or report on, due to the need to question and sometimes criticise those above them in the hierarchy. Four important developments are necessary if boards are to effectively address these important risk issues.
Many of the risks highlighted are inherent in every organisation. Unrecognised and unmanaged, these underlying risks pose a potentially lethal threat to the future of even the largest and most successful businesses. Boards, particularly chairmen and NEDs, have a large, important blind spot in this dangerous area. Without board leadership, these risks will remain hidden because only boards can ensure that enough light shines on these hard to see risks.
This paper is a critique of the relevant global game changers that our industry must fully comprehend and where necessary change direction before it's too late.2 Recent events since this report was published in July 2011, would indicate otherwise e.g. Brazil seeks $22 billion from Chevron and Transocean in oil spill and Elgin gas leak in North Sea could cost Total £4.8bn3, 4
Behavioural Safety - Human Factors
Authors: Burton Sharon 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
It is believed by many in the Health and Safety sector that up to 80% of work-related accidents are down to employee behavior or the human factor, in the form of acts or omissions. Such behavior as this can lead to many small-factors coming together to produce a negative outcome or accident. There are many reasons why employees engage in ‘at-risk’ behavior at work including but not limited to: cutting corners to save time, ergonomic factors, accepted practices, reinforcement of at-risk behavior by the actions of supervisors, misunderstanding at-risk behavior and instinctive risk-tasking behavior.
The emphasis of the behavior based approach to safety is on employees’ behavior. Through influencing behavior, this system can reduce injury rates. The behavioral based approach to safety is focused exclusively on the observable, measurable behaviors critical to safety at a particular facility. This is a task orientated view of behavior, and it treats safe behavior as a critical work-related skill. It should not be confused with inspections and audits of the workplace for unsafe conditions.
Behavioral safety is part of a natural progression of safety management from highly prescriptive approaches, through the engineered or procedural systems which most progressive companies have long since established, to a system which recognizes workers as mature human beings with a genuine interest in their own well-being, who contribute best when they can see that they themselves can have an influence on their own safety. To achieve this transition is to change the culture of the work group involved, so this approach will not provide instantaneous results. Human behavior is often categorized as reflex/automatic, intended and habitual, and this is what we need to change or adapt.
This paper will look at best practice and how employers and employees can influence the human factor, by examining how we can reinforce safe behaviors or good habits and removing or reducing unsafe ones. The key to which lies in first indentifying those behaviors which are critical to safety and in subsequent regular observations to monitor them.
Development of an Automated Groundwater Monitoring System Using a Wireless Based Sensor Array Deployed in a Groundwater Monitoring Well
Authors: Reed Phil , Beard Dan , Day Harry 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Protection of groundwater resources in Saudi Arabia is of vital importance as the Kingdom's aquifers supply over ninety percent of water use in the country, are essentially non-renewable due to the arid climate, and, if impacted, can pose risks to human health and the environment. As part of its corporate-wide groundwater protection program, Saudi Aramco actively monitors shallow groundwater at many of its operating facilities, primarily through a network of hundreds of groundwater monitoring wells. Groundwater sampling and laboratory analysis occurs on a periodic basis each year to monitor groundwater quality changes. Limited staff and laboratory resources pose challenges in meeting this objective and a practical solution was required.
This paper presents a solution to these challenges by development of an automated, standalone measurement system deployed in groundwater monitoring wells using a multi-parameter sensor array package. A key feature included an ultraviolet (UV) fluorescence sensor that can measure dissolved-phase aromatic hydrocarbons at microgram per liter concentrations. Combined with data logging and wireless capabilities, the deployed system enables real-time and remote monitoring of groundwater quality from standard 4-inch diameter monitoring wells.
Prior to field deployment, a series of laboratory bench-scale calibration profiles were developed for the UV-fluorescence sensor to determine sensitivity to typical Saudi Aramco hydrocarbon streams. A complete prototype system was then constructed and placed in an active groundwater monitoring well.
This paper discusses the results of the laboratory calibration and field evaluation, including performance monitoring of individual array components, development of power budgets to match data logging requirements with solar power generation, data transmission and remote system management via Ethernet-to-wireless communications, and long-term system performance in a harsh (high temperature, humid and dusty) environment. The benefit of this system allows for automated (and more frequent) monitoring of sensitive and remote areas, enabling prioritization of staff and laboratory resources where they are needed the most.
Acceptability of New Oil & Gas Projects and Reputation Management. A Major Challenge for the International Oil Companies
Authors: Charlez Ph. A. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
This paper details a methodology to manage the long term Reputation of an International Oil Company with respect to key Stakeholders. Reputation is defined with three major components: responsibility (respect HSE rules, national laws, local content target, social responsibility), reliability (deliver project on time, schedule and quality) and trustability (be honest and transparent with stakeholders). Managing reputation requires an iterative and learning process including the following steps: ✓Analyze, map and assess reputational issues & key stakeholders. Understand their major concerns,✓Define an effective, proactive and cross functional Reputation Plan,✓Execute the Reputation Plan✓Monitor the efficiency of the Reputation Plan
To properly manage reputation, a general workflow As well as guidelines in terms of organization and training are proposed. As any for any transverse process with functional interfaces, the workflow needs a strong involvement and support from the CEO and his executive team.
We also highlight the value of media, internet and internal staff as key communication channels. Media engagement and internal communication are therefore major leverages to improve Company Reputation. Finally, the importance taken by environmental and social issues in Reputation Management has to push Companies to go beyond compliance and "to do more" than what is purely requested by contractual agreements. In the long term, the development of local, regional and national economy broad sense (i.e. outside O&G business) to fight against the well known "Dutch Disease" phenomenon will be key topics.
HSE Challenges While Testing and Completion of Sour HPHT Exploratory Wells in the State of Kuwait
Authors: Packirisamy S. , Sagar D. Vidya , Manimaran A. , Al-Salali Yousef Zaid , Al-Ibrahim Abdullah R. , Ibrahim Anwar , Al-Nabhan Abdulrazzaq 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Kuwait Oil Company (KOC) is fully committed to protect the health and safety of its people and the environment. Strict adherence to the KOC HSE policies and procedures helped safe execution of critical well testing and completion operations of sour High Pressure High Temperature (HPHT) exploratory wells.
This paper describes safety challenges, H2S related risks, and methodology adopted to achieve safe and successful well-testing operations with deep drilling rigs in extreme sour HPHT environmental conditions. Critical operational equipment and safety precautions to be followed prior to and during well testing will also be discussed in detail.
Deep HPHT wells with sour environment continue to challenge the execution of well testing and completion operations, especially when wells are of exploratory nature. Wells drilled in deep Jurassic section (14,000’–17,500’) having bottom hole pressure more than 10,000 psi, bottom hole temperature higher than 280°F and high sour content(up to 30% H2S) are considered for this case study. Almost 30 exploratory wells under similar environmental conditions have been drilled and tested with deep drilling rigs in different fields in the state of Kuwait. Drill Stem Testing (DST) technique is being used to test the targeted formations.
Well related production testing operations like Perforation, Coiled Tubing, and acid stimulation warrant high HSE standards and technical precautions. Every HPHT well is unique and demands special attention when it comes to the selection of critical safety equipment and other safety requirements such as Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), H2S monitors, wellhead equipment, sealing material, flow control equipment and surface safety valves (SSV) with emergency shutdown switches.
Even in such hostile environment, with meticulous planning and testing strategies, KOC could overcome all the challenges and all HPHT sour wells were safely tested without any incident. Commitment to HSE was given the highest priority during testing of sour HPHT wells with great emphasis on personnel safety.
Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Conventional and Coal Seam Gas LNG
Authors: Hardisty Paul E. , Clark Tom S. , Hynes Robert G. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
As the world moves towards cleaner forms of energy worldwide, gas will have an increasingly important role to play in the future energy mix. From this perspective, there has been growing interest in the relative greenhouse gas (GHG) intensities of a range of fossil fuels, and how various forms of LNG compare to not only coal, but also to renewables and nuclear across their life cycles. These issues are important for energy and GHG policy, especially with developments in carbon pricing. However, until recently there has been little information on the life cycle GHG emissions from Australian fossil fuel exports. This paper helps to complete the picture.
Using a wide range of available data from government submissions by industry and the authors’ own project experience, life cycle GHG emissions estimates were developed for LNG derived from conventional natural gas sourced from Western Australia's North West Shelf and Queensland coal seam gas (CSG). A comprehensive assessment of GHG emissions was made for upstream operations, LNG production, transport, regasification, and end-user combustion for electricity generation (assumed to be in China). These life cycle emission estimates were compared to life cycle emissions for Australian black coal exported to China and used to generate electricity. Comparisons were also made with renewables and nuclear. The results show that the life cycle GHG intensity (tCO2-e/MWh) of electricity sent out is highly sensitive to the thermal efficiency of the end-use combustion technology. For most comparison scenarios, natural gas-fired power generation is less GHG intensive than black coal-fired power generation. The differences range from 17% to 56% less intensive for a variety of plant efficiencies. In some cases, coal was marginally less GHG intensive when comparing open-cycle gas technology with ultra-supercritical coal combustion. LNG derived from CSG was also found to be more GHG intensive than conventional gas. Modelling of upstream methane fugitive emission scenarios from CSG (using 100-year and 20-year methane Global Warming Potentials) had little impact on the life cycle GHG intensity rankings, such is the dominance of end-use combustion. When exported to China for electricity production, LNG was found to be 22–36 more GHG intensive than wind and concentrated solar thermal (CST) power and 13–21 times more GHG intensive than nuclear power
Indigenous People, Grievance And Claims Management, Resettlement -Lessons Learn In Africa
Authors: Grobler Jan 
Published: September 2012

Extended Abstract
Controversy often arises when mineral deposits or project infrastructure results in undesired displacement and expropriation of established rural communities. This typically results in the emergence of social conflict. The extent of the conflict fluctuates, depending on the capacity of relocated communities to engage with the project proponent, and according to the benefits offered, such as employment or compensation.
Relocation of a population is a complex matter that involves consideration of several factors. Project proponents must consider factors such as recreating the social structure, economic and political development and maintaining or enhancing standards of living relative to the level that existed before relocation. It is difficult to neutralise all risks associated with involuntary resettlement. However, one approach that assists in reducing risks substantially is to plan and act with a consistent stakeholder engagement process and grievance resolution procedure which are embedded within the cultural context of the affected community.
This paper outlines success measures to manage stakeholder expectations and grievances in a culturally appropriate manner. The paper draws upon practical lessons learnt and success factors that were identified across a number of resettlements projects in Africa (hereafter referred as ‘resettlement projects’). All of these resettlement projects were undertaken in line with the International Finance Corporation (IFC) Performance Standards. The resettlement projects were all mining projects in remote and rural African locations with similar socio-economic characteristics. The projects involved the relocation of dwellings and associated assets from the project footprint to a new location (host site). Relocation involved the development of a Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) with an intensive stakeholder engagement component.