bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alzheimer's Disease‐Related Analytes Amyloid‐β and Tau in Perilymph: Correlation With Patient Age and Cognitive Score
Authors: Walia Amit , Shew Matthew A. , Durakovic Nedim , Herzog Jacques A. , Cirrito John R. , Yuede Carla M. , Wick Cameron C. , Manis Melissa , Holtzman David M. , Buchman Craig A. , Rutherford Mark A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the collection methods for perilymph fluid biopsy during cochlear implantation, detect levels of amyloid β 42 and 40 (Aβ42 and Aβ40), and total tau (tTau) analytes with a high‐precision assay, to compare these levels with patient age and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores, and explore potential mechanisms and relationships with otic pathology.Study DesignProspective study.SettingTertiary referral center.MethodsPerilymph was collected from 25 patients using polyimide tubing to avoid amyloid adherence to glass, and analyzed with a single‐molecule array advanced digital enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay platform for Aβ40, Aβ42, and tTau. Cognition was assessed by MoCA.ResultsPerilymph volumes ranged from ∼1 to 13 µL, with analyte concentrations spanning 2.67 to 1088.26 pg/mL. All samples had detectable levels of tTau, Aβ40, and Aβ42, with a significant positive correlation between Aβ42 and Aβ40 levels. Levels of Aβ42, Aβ40, and tTau were positively correlated with age, while MoCA scores were inversely correlated with age. tTau and Aβ42/Aβ40‐ratios were significantly correlated with MoCA scores.ConclusionAlzheimer's disease‐associated peptides Aβ42, Aβ40, and tau analytes are detectable in human perilymph at levels approximately 10‐fold lower than those found in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). These species increase with age and correlate with cognitive impairment indicators, suggesting their potential utility as biomarkers for cognitive impairment in patients undergoing cochlear implantation. Future research should investigate the origin of these analytes in the perilymph and their potential links to inner ear pathologies and hearing loss, as well as their relationships to CSF and plasma levels in individuals.
On the tail of two species: The changing place of the peregrine falcon in society
Authors: Mak Brandon 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Wildlife conservation can become contentious when human interests are impinged. For peregrine falcons (Falco peregrinus) in the United Kingdom, their iconic status as a protected species is contested by pigeon racers and falconers restrained by strict wildlife policies. However, even entrenched conservation policies can shift, sparking controversy.

This paper seeks to understand the conditions leading to recent conservation policy shifts and conflicts. Through archival research and discourse analysis of falconry and pigeon racers' rhetoric, I review the development of 150 years of UK wildlife legislation and politics surrounding peregrines, situating present‐day conflict within long‐standing tensions between competing interests.

In doing so, I demonstrate how contrasting ideologies of the raptors existed simultaneously between groups. Each vied for dominance and influenced policies over time, with the ideologies of ‘winners’ suppressing that of the ‘losers’ to become the norm.

This historical approach highlights the key role global events like war played in overpowering the dominance of protective ideologies towards peregrines domestically, allowing peregrine culls and capture to become socially permissible. Conversely, post‐War environmental movements originating in the United States suppressed falconry's extractive relationships with peregrines in the United Kingdom, entrenching ecological priorities as a norm still conventional today.

I argue that wildlife protection is contested because cultural extinction of falconry and pigeon racing were imminent, brought on by policymakers' focus on preventing the biological extinction of peregrines. However, recent policy shifts highlight the acceptance of anthropocentric interests within conservation practices.

Policy implications: Animals can play multiple roles in society, but the public may not be accustomed to anthropocentric interests overtly displayed within contemporary conservation practices. Policy needs to be more sensitive towards accommodating or communicating human interests, but to also reflect on the social and ecological implications of their own ideologies towards conservation.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Opportunities for meaningful climate change engagement in vulnerable nature settings
Authors: Waters Yolanda L. , Losciale Riccardo , Wilson Kerrie A. , Dean Angela J. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Nature‐based tourism has a unique opportunity, and arguably responsibility, to promote widespread action on climate change. However, research suggests an aversion to providing information that might appear divisive or ‘ruin’ peoples day, particularly in places that are vulnerable to degradation.

We explore how exposure to climate change information in vulnerable nature settings influences indicators of (i) the visitor experience and (ii) climate change engagement. Using a quasi‐experimental approach, we provided climate information on tourist boats operating on the Great Barrier Reef, Australia and compared visitor experiences with a control condition where climate information was not provided. Visitor surveys (n = 656) assessed perceptions and experiences.

Overall, visitors on trips where climate information was provided were more likely to report that the reef experience exceeded their expectations and did not report any reduction in subjective trip satisfaction.

However, we detected minimal effects of climate information on indicators of climate engagement (threat awareness, action awareness, or information seeking), suggesting room for improvement in interpretation approach and design. Indeed, visitors reported high levels of acceptability for incorporating more information about climate change, particularly about actions.

Synthesis and applications: These results suggest that providing climate information does not undermine visitor experiences and while further research is required to determine the most effective approach for influencing climate change engagement, an appetite for more information exists. It is possible that what tourism operators are fearful of, may be an opportunity to improve outcomes aligned with both industry and environmental objectives.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Paediatric oncology physiotherapy in Africa: International Society of Paediatric Oncology (SIOP) Global Mapping Programme
Authors: Anieto Ebuka Miracle , Madzimbe Precious , Potterton Joanne , Delano Pia , Makupe Prince , Geel Jennifer , Ranasinghe Neil , Challinor Julia , Sidhanee Abu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractChildhood cancer treatment in Africa has a dramatically increasing patient population resulting in greater rehabilitation needs. The International Society of Paediatric Oncology (SIOP) mapped childhood cancer services in Africa including access to physiotherapy. Irrespective of income classification, just over two‐thirds of countries in Africa reported having access to physiotherapy services in paediatric oncology sites. There is a lack of knowledge about African childhood physiotherapy services. Research is needed to understand the rehabilitation needs of these children/adolescents and how to meet their needs in a globally equitable and sustainable way.
Preparation of biodegradable poly(lactic acid)/poly[(butylene diglycolate)‐co‐furandicarboxylate] blends with excellent toughness and gas barrier performance
Authors: Yang Yong , Shen Jing , Hu Erxun , Fang Yajin , Xu Zhibo , Li Juan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPoly(lactic acid) (PLA) is known as one of the most promising biodegradable polyesters, while inherent brittleness and insufficient gas barrier performance limit its potential application as a film material. Herein, poly[(butylene diglycolate)‐co‐furandicarboxylate] (PBDF) with excellent flexibility and good gas barrier properties was synthesized and then melt‐blended with PLA. Compared with neat PLA, the elongation at break of the PLA/PBDF20 blend increased more than 40 times and reached over 176.7%. In addition, its O2, CO2 and H2O permeability coefficients decreased by 21.3%, 50.8% and 46.3%, respectively. Moreover, the PLA/PBDF20 blend also exhibited better biodegradability, with a weight loss rate increasing from 2.7% of neat PLA to 19.0% after 5 weeks of composting. Notably, incorporation of a multifunctional epoxy compatibilizer (Joncryl ADR®‐4368) into the PLA/PBDF blends further enhanced their toughness and gas barrier performance, which could be attributed to the improvement of the miscibility between PLA and PBDF. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Physiological effects of field concentrations and sublethal concentrations of sulfoxaflor on Apis mellifera
Authors: Wang Shuang , Fan Wenyan , Ji Wenna , Wang Kang , Gull Sadia , Li Jitong , Chen Lin , Ji Ting , Liu Jinglan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDBees (Apis mellifera), as important pollinators of agricultural crops, are at risk when pesticides are used. Sulfoxaflor is a new insecticide which acts on the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in a similar way to neonicotinoids. The goal of this study is to evaluate the toxicity of sulfoxaflor and its effect on the A. mellifera exposure.RESULTSInitially, developmental indicators such as larval survival, pupation, and eclosion were inhibited by 5.0 mg/L (field concentration) sulfoxaflor. In the pupal stage, fat content was significantly increased, while the glycogen content decreased. In addition, A. mellifera heads were treated with 2.0 mg/L (sublethal concentration) of sulfoxaflor and analyzed by RNA sequencing. The transcriptome results indicated that 2.0 mg/L amounts of sulfoxaflor have adverse effects on the immune, digestive, and nervous systems. Sulfoxaflor down‐regulated the expression of many genes involved in immunity, detoxification, the myosin cytoskeleton, sensory neurons, and odor‐binding proteins.CONCLUSIONField concentration and sublethal concentration were used for the combined analysis of honeybees. The effect of sublethal concentration of sulfoxaflor on honeybees was studied for the first time from the perspective of transcriptome sequencing of honeybee head. A preliminary study was carried out on the stress of sulfoxaflor at sublethal concentration on honeybee workers, which has certain research significance and can provide theoretical basis for the use of sulfoxaflor in the field environment. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Practical time‐varying formation cooperative control for high‐order nonlinear multi‐agent systems avoiding spatial resource conflict via safety constraints
Authors: Ma Xiaoshan , Chou Tawei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe operation of multi‐agent systems (MAS) in space necessitates considerations for obstacle avoidance, collision prevention, and connectivity among agents. This coupling conflict, stemming from spatial resource utilization, poses a significant and non‐negligible threat to the safe operation of MAS. This article proposes a consensus control scheme for the time‐varying formation of MAS, incorporating functions for maintaining connectivity, collision avoidance, and obstacle dodging. This scheme effectively constrains the time‐varying formation tracking error within an arbitrarily small range. The considered system model takes a high‐order nonlinear form, with uncertainties and disturbances present in each order. This grants the control scheme with high generality and practicability. By employing barrier Lyapunov function to delineate the safe operational space of MAS, conflicts in spatial resource utilization are avoided. This approach simultaneously fulfills the requirements for connectivity maintenance, collision avoidance, and obstacle dodging in the safe operation of MAS. An additional rotation operator is integrated into the controller to smoothly address the “minima” problem, eliminating the need for external intervention. Gaussian radial basis function is used to estimate the nonlinear terms, uncertainties, and unknown perturbation online in the system. The stability of the MAS under the proposed control scheme is analyzed through Lyapunov function. Finally, numerical simulation results are demonstrated to explain the effectiveness of the control scheme.
Event‐triggered adaptive neural network‐based optimal control of strictly feedback switched nonlinear systems with state constraints
Authors: Ruan Jie , Fu Yuhui , Fan Yuan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this article, we present an innovative approach for controlling nonlinear switched systems (NSSs) with strict feedback utilizing adaptive neural networks (ANNs). Our methodology encompasses several facets, addressing key challenges inherent to these systems. To commence, we tackle the constrained nature of NSSs with strict feedback by designing a barrier Lyapunov function. This function ensures that all states within the switched systems remain within prescribed constraints. Additionally, we harness neural networks (NNs) to approximate the unknown nonlinear functions inherent to the system. Furthermore, we deploy an ANN state observer to estimate unmeasurable states. Our approach then proceeds to develop a cost function for the subsystem. Building upon this, we apply the Hamiltonian–Jacobi–Bellman (HJB) solution in conjunction with observer and behavior critic architectures, all rooted in backstepping control (BC) principles. This integration yields both a virtual optimal controller and a real optimal controller. Furthermore, we introduce a novel ANN event‐triggered control (ETC) strategy tailored explicitly for strictly feedback systems. This strategy proves highly effective in reducing the utilization of communication resources and eliminating the occurrence of Zeno behavior. Our analysis provides formal proof that all states within the closed‐loop system exhibit half‐leaf consistency and are ultimately bounded, regardless of arbitrary switching conditions. Finally, we substantiate the efficacy and viability of our control scheme through comprehensive numerical simulations.
Graphical tuning method of PID controller for systems with uncertain parameters based on affine algorithm
Authors: Chu Minghui 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFor systems with uncertain parameters, it is very important to find a controller that can satisfy the preset robustness. The traditional method often ignores the influence of parameter coupling on the set boundary system when substituting the original system with the boundary system group, resulting in the calculated controller value region being too conservative. In this article, noise information is introduced based on affine algorithm to describe uncertain system parameters. Then, based on Kharitonov theorem, a new grouping method for boundary systems is proposed. This method takes the parameter coupling information into account when determining the boundary system, and avoids the problem of interval conservation. On this basis, a virtual phase margin tester is introduced to ensure that the obtained controller parameter range can make the system meet the specific robustness requirements. The results obtained in this article are general and strictly proved. Finally, examples are provided to illustrate the design process and verify the feasibility and efficacy of the proposed approach.
Improvement of gummy candy structure by gelling ingredients and cooling temperature
Authors: Nguyen Tran Bao Khanh , Cao Ho Kim Ngan , Nguyen Thi Da Ly Huong , Doan Thi Phuong Dung , Phan Thanh Duy , Le Minh Tri , Dong Thi Anh Dao 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGummy candies achieve their widespread appeal through a unique textural profile. The combination of springiness, chewiness, and a potential initial hardness upon biting (depending on formulation) creates a multi‐sensory eating experience. The readily soluble sugars and other components contribute to the quick dissolution and ease of digestion. Therefore, we conducted research to develop gummy candies made from structural materials of gelatin combined with agar and maltose syrup and evaluated the effect of ingredient ratios on the candy's structural and sensory properties. Sweetener maltose syrup (DE = 42) and a suitable content of agar supplementary had a significant influence on the structure of the product (p < 0.05). The structure of gummy candies was analyzed by the structure measuring instrument TPA (structure profile analysis) combined with sensory evaluation. The process of manufacturing candy involves the melting and homogenization of all constituent ingredients, followed by a sequence of freezing and cool drying to complete the production. The most interesting candies were made with agar 0.5%, gelatin 10% (powdered gelatin with Bloom 250), saccharose 30%, maltose syrup 10%, citric acid 0.1%, and pure water before being chilled at 4 °C for 4 h. This property remained unchanged during the 6‐month storage period in anaerobically sealed packaging, at room temperature.
Impact of Climate Change and Accessing Services in Papua New Guinea
Authors: Kuir-Ayius Dora 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWith rising sea levels, changes in rainfall, increased frequency of El Niño-type conditions, and increased intensity of cyclones, the Pacific Islands region is exposed to climate change. A large proportion of the people are marginalised and are among the most vulnerable and least prepared to cope with its impacts. There are many competing definitions of the concept of vulnerability, but in the context of the Pacific Islands countries (PICs), it is referred to as the lack of power, influence, and control of those affected by climate change. The lack of power is reflected where access to resources is minimised. This can be viewed in various ways, including a lack of access to basic services such as enabling infrastructure, transport, hospitals, and others. In addition, the lack of access to income-generating opportunities further complicates the challenges imposed by the impact of climate change. In most of the PICs, including Papua New Guinea (PNG), Kiribati, Vanuatu, Marshal Islands, and Cook Islands, the chances of access to basic needs such as food, water, and land for survival are threatened. Approaches to dealing with climate change, displacement of people, and issues of traditional land ownership and relocation must be taken seriously. The paper presents some challenges of accessing services mainly caused by lack of effective management by the government of Papua New Guinea in the midst of climate change.
Study of the electromagnetic form factors of the nucleons in the timelike region
Authors: Yang Qin-He , Guo Di , Li Ming-Yan , Dai Ling-Yun , Haidenbauer Johann , Meißner Ulf-G. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The electromagnetic form factors GE and GM of the proton and neutron in the timelike region are extracted in a study of the processes e+e− → $$ \overline{p}p $$

p
¯

p
and e+e− → $$ \overline{n}n $$

n
¯

n
. The reaction amplitude is evaluated within the distorted wave Born approximation, with the interaction of the antinucleon-nucleon $$ \left(\overline{N}N\right) $$

N
¯

N

pair taken into account. The latter is constructed within SU(3) chiral effective field theory up to next-to-leading order. An excellent description of the e+e− → $$ \overline{N}N $$

N
¯

N
data in the energy region from the $$ \overline{N}N $$

N
¯

N
threshold up to center-of-mass energies Ecm = 2.2 GeV is achieved. Results for the electromagnetic form factors GE, GM, GE/GM, and the subtracted effective form factors, Gosc, are provided. These can be helpful for further studies of the properties of the nucleons.
Bertrand’s theorem and the double copy of relativistic field theories
Authors: de Neeling Dijs , Roest Diederik , Seri Marcello , Waalkens Holger 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Which relativistic field theories give rise to Kepler dynamics in the two-body problem? We consider a class of Hamiltonians that is the unique relativistic extension of the Kepler problem preserving its so(4) algebra, and have orbits related through time reparametrisation to orbits of the original Kepler problem. For three explicit examples, we give a natural interpretation in terms of spin-0,-1 and -2 interacting field theories in 5D. These are organically connected via the classical double copy, which therefore preserves maximal superintegrability.
Strukturale Traumanalyse
Authors: Roesler Christian 
Published: August 2024

Zusammenfassung
Seit den Anfängen der Psychoanalyse werden Träume in der Psychotherapie verwendet, und die Wirksamkeit der therapeutischen Arbeit mit Träumen ist mittlerweile gut belegt. Nach wie vor fehlt aber ein empirisch fundiertes Modell für eine zeitgemäße therapeutische Traumarbeit, die die Erkenntnisse der empirischen und klinischen Traumforschung integriert. Die zu diesem Zwecke entwickelte Strukturale Traumanalyse (STA) wird mit ihrer Forschungsmethodik und den bisherigen Ergebnissen zusammenfassend dargestellt. Zentrale Annahme ist, dass die Handlungsfähigkeit („agency“) des Traum-Ich (die Figur im Traum, die der Träumende als Ich erlebt), Probleme im Traum zu bewältigen und zu lösen – im Gegensatz zu, sich bedroht zu fühlen, ängstlich und passiv zu sein und keine Lösung zu haben – im psychodynamischen Sinne mit Ich-Stärke gleichzusetzen ist. Eine weitere Annahme ist, dass sich die Zustandsverbesserung des Patienten im Laufe der Therapie in einer Zunahme der Traum-Ich-Agency widerspiegelt. Es wurde eine Typologie von 6 Traummustern entwickelt; hiermit können über 90 % der Träume in der klinischen Praxis eingeordnet werden. Die Traummuster stehen in Verbindung mit den spezifischen Problemen des Patienten, den Themen der Psychotherapie und dem Fortschritt in der Therapie im Sinne von Besserung. Das Modell wurde in einer Reihe von empirischen Studien bestätigt. Es lassen sich daraus Handlungsmaxime für die klinische Praxis der therapeutischen Traumarbeit ableiten.
Anti-MDA5 autoantibodies predict clinical dynamics of dermatomyositis following SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination: a retrospective statistical analysis of case reports
Authors: Klein Christian R. , Heine Annkristin , Brossart Peter , Karakostas Pantelis , Schäfer Valentin Sebastian 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSince the introduction of mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2, the induction of autoimmunity by mRNA vaccination has been discussed. Several cases of dermatomyositis (DM) associated with mRNA vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 infection have been reported. The question is whether there is a common pathomechanism for the induction of DM by this mRNA vaccination. The aim of this review is to analyse the sample of previously published case reports of DM following COVID-19 mRNA vaccination for common indicators of a possible immune pathomechanism.In this review, we summarised case reports of DM following mRNA vaccination against COVID-19. We considered this case report landscape as a cumulative sample (n = 32) and identified common clinical and molecular parameters in the intersection of case reports and statistically analysed the effect of these parameters on the development of DM.MDA-5 antibodies seem to play a role in the autoantibody signature after mRNA vaccination. MDA-5-positive DM is statistically more strongly associated with mRNA vaccination and interstitial lung disease/rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease (ILD/RP-ILD) than MDA-5-negative DM. MDA-5-positive DM seems not to be associated with an increased risk of malignancy, whereas MDA-5-negative DM is more strongly associated with malignancy.Our findings emphasize the potential role of innate antiviral signalling pathways in connecting DM to mRNA vaccination. MDA-5 autoantibodies appear to be predictive of a severe DM progression following mRNA vaccination. There seems to be an association between MDA-5 autoantibodies and paraneoplastic DM post-vaccination. Further studies are required to uncover the underlying mechanisms of autoimmunity triggered by mRNA vaccination.