bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Refining Ammonia Treatments for Control of Prymnesium parvum in Striped Bass Fingerling Production Ponds
Authors: Wyatt Thomas A , Barkoh Aaron , Schlechte J Warren 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Texas state fish hatcheries use un-ionized ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) treatments of 0.14–0.25 mg/L to control Prymnesium parvum in production ponds for phase-1 Striped Bass Morone saxatilis based on a published ammonia tolerance for 4- to 6-d-old Sunshine Bass (female White Bass M. chrysops × male Striped Bass M. saxatilis). Because fingerling production has been inconsistent and the treatments require frequent reapplications to maintain control of P. parvum, we conducted this study to answer two questions: (1) are the treatments developed for Sunshine Bass appropriate for Striped Bass culture, and (2) can the maximum treatments be increased as the fish grow. Striped Bass (4, 10, 20, and 28 d old) were exposed to NH3-N concentrations up to 1.2 mg/L for 96 h. Ammonia concentrations and fish mortalities were monitored at 24-h intervals, their relationship modeled using logistic regression, and ammonia concentrations that 90% of the fish survived during the various exposure periods (maximum treatments) were estimated. The 4- to 6-d-old Striped Bass survived ammonia concentrations similar to those of Sunshine Bass of the same age-group. The 20-d-old fish were the least tolerant of NH3-N, followed by 4-d-old fish and then 10-d-old fish. The 28-d-old fish was the most tolerant of ammonia toxicity. The maximum treatment varied with fish age. Thus, the current practice of treating for concentrations between 0.14 and 0.25 mg NH3-N/L throughout production of phase-1 fish is inappropriate. Treating with 0.14- to 0.25-mg NH3-N/L can be suitable for culture of Striped Bass fry and fingerlings, except for fish in the 22–24-d age range. The upper limit of concentration may be increased up to 0.37 and 0.40 mg NH3-N/L for 10- to 12-d-old and 28- to 30-d-old Striped Bass, respectively. However, the concentration must be lowered to 0.1 mg NH3-N/L for 22- to 24-d-old Striped Bass.
A new algorithm for context-based biomedical diagram similarity estimation
Authors: Xu Songhua , Sheng Jianqiang , Luo Xiaonan 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Motivation: Diagrams embedded in the biomedical literature convey rich contents, which often concisely and intuitively highlight key thesis of a research article. Despite their vital importance and informative clues for biomedical literature navigation and retrieval; currently, we miss an effective computational method for automatically understanding and accessing these valuable resources.
Proposed Method: To address the aforementioned gap, we propose a novel context-based algorithm for estimating the similarity between a pair of biomedical diagrams. The main difference of the proposed algorithm with respect to the existing methods lies in the new algorithm’s incorporation of the semantic context associated with diagrams in their source documents into the diagram similarity estimation process. In addition, the new approach also performs a series of advanced image processing and text mining operations to comprehensively extract the semantic content graphically encoded inside diagram images.
Results: The new algorithm can be deployed as a reusable component providing a fundamental function for building many advanced, semantic-aware applications on biomedical diagram processing. As a case study, in our experiments, we demonstrate the advantage of the new algorithm for diagram retrieval. A set of biomedical diagram search and ranking experiments were conducted, where the performance of the new method was compared with that of five peer methods. The comparison results demonstrate the performance superiority of the new algorithm with all peer methods with statistical significance.
Contact: songhua.xu@njit.edu, shengjianqiang@163.com or lnslxn@mail.sysu.edu.cn.
Coalescent simulation in continuous space
Authors: Kelleher Jerome , Barton Nicholas H. , Etheridge Alison M. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Coalescent simulation has become an indispensable tool in population genetics, and many complex evolutionary scenarios have been incorporated into the basic algorithm. Despite many years of intense interest in spatial structure, however, there are no available methods to simulate the ancestry of a sample of genes that occupy a spatial continuum. This is mainly due to the severe technical problems encountered by the classical model of isolation by distance. A recently introduced model solves these technical problems and provides a solid theoretical basis for the study of populations evolving in continuous space. We present a detailed algorithm to simulate the coalescent process in this model, and provide an efficient implementation of a generalized version of this algorithm as a freely available Python module.
Availability: Package available at http://pypi.python.org/pypi/ercs
Contact: jerome.kelleher@ed.ac.uk
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Pain Intensity on the First Day after Surgery
Authors: Gerbershagen Hans J. , Aduckathil Sanjay , van Wijck Albert J. M. , Peelen Linda M. , Kalkman Cor J. , Meissner Winfried 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

Background:
Severe pain after surgery remains a major problem, occurring in 20–40% of patients. Despite numerous published studies, the degree of pain following many types of surgery in everyday clinical practice is unknown. To improve postoperative pain therapy and develop procedure-specific, optimized pain-treatment protocols, types of surgery that may result in severe postoperative pain in everyday practice must first be identified.

Methods:
This study considered 115,775 patients from 578 surgical wards in 105 German hospitals. A total of 70,764 patients met the inclusion criteria. On the first postoperative day, patients were asked to rate their worst pain intensity since surgery (numeric rating scale, 0–10). All surgical procedures were assigned to 529 well-defined groups. When a group contained fewer than 20 patients, the data were excluded from analysis. Finally, 50,523 patients from 179 surgical groups were compared.

Results:
The 40 procedures with the highest pain scores (median numeric rating scale, 6–7) included 22 orthopedic/trauma procedures on the extremities. Patients reported high pain scores after many “minor” surgical procedures, including appendectomy, cholecystectomy, hemorrhoidectomy, and tonsillectomy, which ranked among the 25 procedures with highest pain intensities. A number of “major” abdominal surgeries resulted in comparatively low pain scores, often because of sufficient epidural analgesia.

Conclusions:
Several common minor- to medium-level surgical procedures, including some with laparoscopic approaches, resulted in unexpectedly high levels of postoperative pain. To reduce the number of patients suffering from severe pain, patients undergoing so-called minor surgery should be monitored more closely, and postsurgical pain treatment needs to comply with existing procedure-specific pain-treatment recommendations.
Antimicrobial Effect of Bacteriocin KU24 Produced by Lactococcus lactis KU24 against Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Lee Na‐Kyoung , Jin Han Eun , Jun Han Kyoung , Paik Hyun‐Dong 
Published: February 2013

Abstract Bacteriocin KU24 produced by Lactococcus lactis KU24 exhibited an inhibitory effect against methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Bacteriocin KU24 was inactivated by protease XIV, showing that it has a proteinaceous nature on S. aureus ATCC 33591. Also, bacteriocin KU24 exhibited a strong heat stability (121 °C for 15 min) and pH stability (pH 3 to 9). The mode of inhibition was determined for S. aureus ATCC 33591 by treatment of 0, 250, and 500 AU/mL of bacteriocin KU24. S. aureus ATCC 33591 was inhibited by added bacteriocin KU24, while control was increased. The cell membranes of S. aureus ATCC 33591 were damaged with treatment of 500 AU/mL of bacteriocin KU24. Also, bacteriocin KU24 inhibited the occurrence of mecA gene, the methicillin resistance gene in S. aureus ATCC 33591. Bacteriocin KU24 was purified by C18 Sep‐Pack column, cation exchange chromatography, and gel filtration chromatography, and molecular mass is approximately 6.5 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulphate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These results demonstrate that bacteriocin KU24 can be used as an alternative antimicrobial agent for the treatment of infection of MRSA in the food industry.
PNPLA3/adiponutrin functions in lipid droplet formation
Authors: Chamoun Zeina , Vacca Fabrizio , Parton Robert G. , Gruenberg Jean 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackground InformationIn animals, adipose tissue contains the main energy store as lipid droplets (LDs) composed of esterified cholesterol (CE) and triacylglycerol (TAG) enveloped in a mono‐layer of phospholipid and decorated by a coat of proteins. Upon increased energy demand, dedicated lipases hydrolyse TAG stepwise into free fatty acids that are released in circulation and made available to peripheral tissue. In case of aberrant caloric load, TAGs are deposited into non‐adipocyte tissues, primarily liver cells. For instance, non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common chronic disorder characterised by an excess of TAG in the liver of patients regardless of their susceptibility to obesity, diabetes or exposure to alcohol. Several independent linkage studies have associated NAFLD with a non‐synonymous variant of patatin‐like phospholipase domain‐containing 3 (PNPLA3/adiponutrin) encoding an isoleucine to methionine substitution at position 148 (I148M) (see Cohen et al., 2011 for review). However, the mechanism by which a variation in PNPLA3 gives susceptibility to NAFLD is not known, primarily because the physiological role of PNPLA3 still needs to be elucidated.ResultsWe have identified PNPLA3 in a screen for genes upregulated by intracellular lipid accumulation. We investigated the sub‐cellular distribution and potential function of PNPLA3 in fibroblast‐like cells supplemented with lipids. We demonstrate that PNPLA3 is targetted to LDs in a process that requires an intact Brummer box domain, which is conserved in the patatin‐like phospholipase family. We show that increased levels of the NAFLD‐linked PNPLA3 isoform leads to larger LDs, whereas decreased levels of PNPLA3 had the opposite effect. Interestingly, however, PNPLA3 induced a reduction in LD size upon co‐expression with ABDH5/CGI‐58, an activator of the TAG lipase PNPLA2, which is the closest homolog of PNPLA3. By investigating LD populations according to their size and composition, we show that perturbing intracellular lipid trafficking drastically modifies LD nature.ConclusionsTaken together, our results suggest that PNPLA3 exhibits a dual function in LD metabolism, and that it participates in the restoration of lipid homeostasis upon aberrant intracellular lipid accumulation.
Late anastomotic leakage in colorectal surgery: a significant problem
Authors: Morks A. N. , Ploeg R. J. , Sijbrand Hofker H. , Wiggers T. , Havenga K. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAimReported incidence rates of colorectal anastomotic leakage (AL) vary between 2.5 and 20%. There is little information on late anastomotic leakage (LAL). The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of LAL after colorectal resection.MethodAll patients undergoing colorectal resection with primary anastomosis between January 2004 and October 2009 at the University Medical Center Groningen were included. LAL was defined as anastomotic leakage diagnosed more than 30 days after surgery.ResultsOne hundred and forty‐one patients were analysed. Indications for surgery included both benign and malignant conditions. The incidence of early anastomotic leakage (EAL) within 30 days after surgery was 13%. The LAL rate was 6%. Eighty‐nine per cent of patients with EAL underwent relaparotomy compared with 44% for LAL (P = 0.02).ConclusionOne‐third of all anastomotic leakages were diagnosed more than 30 days after surgery. Of these, 44% underwent relaparotomy. Patients with leakage diagnosed within 30 days after surgery were more likely to undergo relaparotomy. LAL is a significant problem after colorectal surgery.
Effects of CXCL13 inhibition on lymphoid follicles in models of autoimmune disease
Authors: Finch Donna K. , Ettinger Rachel , Karnell Jodi L. , Herbst Ronald , Sleeman Matthew A. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe chemokine CXCL13 has a key role in secondary lymphoid tissue orchestration and lymphoid neogenesis. Transgenic mice deficient in CXCL13 or its receptor CXCR5 have severely impaired lymph node development, lack peritoneal B‐lymphocytes and are deficient in circulating antibodies to common bacterial antigens. However, total circulating numbers of B‐lymphocytes are slightly elevated and humoral responses to T‐dependent or blood‐borne antigens are relatively normal. Lymphoid neogenesis is an aberrant process that occurs in chronically inflamed tissue and provides a microenvironment supportive of pathogenic B‐cell survival and activation. Here, we describe the impact of therapeutic dosing of a CXCL13 antibody in a mouse model of arthritis, and detail the contribution CXCL13 makes to lymphoid follicle microenvironment, without affecting humoral immune responses.
Metaheuristics—the metaphor exposed
Authors: Sörensen Kenneth 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIn recent years, the field of combinatorial optimization has witnessed a true tsunami of “novel” metaheuristic methods, most of them based on a metaphor of some natural or man‐made process. The behavior of virtually any species of insects, the flow of water, musicians playing together – it seems that no idea is too far‐fetched to serve as inspiration to launch yet another metaheuristic. In this paper, we will argue that this line of research is threatening to lead the area of metaheuristics away from scientific rigor. We will examine the historical context that gave rise to the increasing use of metaphors as inspiration and justification for the development of new methods, discuss the reasons for the vulnerability of the metaheuristics field to this line of research, and point out its fallacies. At the same time, truly innovative research of high quality is being performed as well. We conclude the paper by discussing some of the properties of this research and by pointing out some of the most promising research avenues for the field of metaheuristics.
One‐piece zirconia oral implants: one‐year results from a prospective case series. 2. Three‐unit fixed dental prosthesis (FDP) reconstruction
Authors: Kohal Ralf‐Joachim , Patzelt Sebastian B. M. , Butz Frank , Sahlin Herman 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAimTo evaluate the clinical and radiological outcome of one‐piece zirconia oral implants for three‐unit fixed dental prosthesis (FDP) replacement after 1 year.MaterialsTwenty eight patients were recruited for the investigation and signed an informed consent. All patients were treated with a one‐stage implant surgery and a three‐unit immediate temporary restoration on two one‐piece zirconia implants. The implants were fabricated of yttria‐stabilized tetragonal zirconia (y‐TZP). The endosseous part of the implants was tapered with a porous surface. A total of 56 implants were inserted in the 28 patients. A total of 12 implants were placed in the upper jaws (six in the anterior area and six in the posterior area) and 44 in mandibles (all in the posterior area). At implant insertion and after 1 year, standardized radiographs were taken to evaluate the peri‐implant bone loss. To evaluate any influences from different baseline parameters on the marginal bone loss a univariate analysis was performed. Clinical soft tissue parameters probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), modified bleeding index (mBI) and modified plaque index (mPI) were recorded. Implant cumulative survival rates were calculated using actuarial life table analysis. Changes in the clinical variables were assessed using the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test (PD, CAL) and the Sign test (mBl, mPl). All significance tests were conducted at a 5% level of significance.ResultsAfter 1 year, one implant was lost resulting in a survival rate of 98.2%. The patient was excluded from further analysis. The marginal bone loss after 1 year amounted to 1.95 mm. In 40% of the patients a bone loss of at least 2 mm and in 28% of the patients a loss of more than 3 mm were observed. The PD decreased for implant and tooth sites over time, the values being significantly higher for implants than for teeth. Over 1 year, the CAL increased slightly around the implants and decreased around the teeth. At the 1‐year follow‐up, the CAL at the implant sites was statistically significantly higher than at the reference teeth. The mBI was significantly lower at implants than at teeth. The same result was found for the plaque index.ConclusionsA high frequency of increased radiographic bone loss (>2 mm) after 1 year around the presented one‐piece zirconia implant system was found. The bone loss seems to be higher compared to the very limited availability of zirconia implant data. Therefore, within the limits of the present investigation, it may be concluded that the presented zirconia implant system possibly performs inferior to conventional titanium implants and to other zirconia implants regarding peri‐implant bone loss.
The preventative effects of a brief, early intervention for preschool‐aged children at risk for internalising: follow‐up into middle adolescence
Authors: Rapee Ronald M. 
Published: February 2013

Background:  There are few evaluations of very early intervention for the prevention of internalising disorders and those that exist generally evaluate outcomes to a maximum of 12 months. The current study evaluated the very long term effects (11 years) of a brief internalising prevention program presented to parents of preschool aged children.Methods:  The original sample comprised 146 preschool‐aged children who scored high on measures of inhibited temperament. Half of the parents were given a brief educational program (six‐sessions) to assist them to help their children reduce anxiousness. Over 70% of the original sample (n = 103) was assessed for the current study, which occurred when the sample was approximately 15 years. They were assessed on current diagnoses of anxiety and depression, as well as symptoms of anxiety, depression, negative thoughts, and life interference.Results:  Compared with controls, girls whose parents had been through the early intervention program showed significantly fewer internalising disorders, maternally reported anxiety symptoms and self‐reported life interference, and trends toward lower self‐reported anxiety symptoms and self reported thoughts of loss and failure. Boys showed few differences.Conclusions:  A brief early intervention program delivered to parents of preschool‐aged children who are at risk for later internalising distress shows lasting benefits for girls into the high‐risk period of middle adolescence. Given the low costs associated with this program, these results show promise for strong public health benefits.
Antifungal Activity and Chemical Composition of Thyme, Peppermint and Citronella Oils in Vapor Phase against Avocado and Peach Postharvest Pathogens
Authors: Sellamuthu Periyar Selvam , Sivakumar Dharini , Soundy Puffy 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe antifungal activity of three essential oils thyme: (Thymus vulgaris L), peppermint, (Mentha piperita L) and citronella (Cymbopogen nardus); against two avocado postharvest fungal pathogens: Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (anthracnose), Lasiodiplodia theobromae (stem‐end rot); and three peach pathogens: Monilinia fructicola (brown rot), Rhizopus stolonifer (Rhizopus rot) and Penicillium expensum (blue mould rot), was assayed using a disc volatilization method. In vitro study revealed that in the vapor phase, thyme oil at 5 μL/plate as opposed to peppermint and citronella oils completely inhibited the radial mycelia growth of all five pathogens. gas chromatograph/mass spectrometry analysis showed thymol (58.77%), menthol (46.45%) and R (+) citronellal (27.59%) as the major compounds in thyme, peppermint and citronella oils, respectively. Thyme oil vapor showed a fungicidal effect on C. gloeosporioides, L. theobromae and R. stolonifer at 5 μL/plate. Thyme oil vapor at 66.7 μL/L significantly reduced anthracnose and stem‐end rot in artificially wounded and infected fruit. Therefore, these results suggest that thyme oil vapors could be used as alternate natural fungicide to control the common postharvest diseases in avocado.Practical ApplicationsGrowers and suppliers of fresh produce are faced with the challenge of providing consumers with products that are attractive, free from disease, defects and toxic residues, and with longer shelf or storage life. The strict regulations enforced by the fresh produce‐importing countries regarding the minimum pesticide residue levels in the edible portion of the fresh produce, increasing resistance to synthetic fungicides by fungal pathogens, waste disposal of fungicides and growing concerns to lower the associated environmental footprint have necessitated the search for a natural novel fungicide to replace synthetic fungicide applications in the packing line as postharvest treatment. Consumer preference to organic fresh produce is increasingly becoming popular in developed countries. On the other hand, synthetic fungicide applications are expensive for small‐scale farmers from developing countries. Therefore, considering all the reasons mentioned earlier, the results of our study provide a novel practical tool using thyme oil vapors to reduce losses because of postharvest diseases in avocado, and thus ensuring safe food.
Unusual Occurrence of Staphylococcus warneri as Endophyte in Fresh Fruits along with Usual Bacillus spp
Authors: Phukon Madhurima , Sahu Priyanka , Srinath Rajaraman , Nithya Angamuthu , Babu Subramanian 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIn the present study, we obtained several bacterial isolates from direct plating (without enrichment) of the diluted extract of apples and oranges obtained from commercial market of major cities in Tamil Nadu, India. Based on the cultural growth characteristics in different selective media, the isolates were grouped into four groups. The 16S rRNA gene was amplified using universal primers. The expected amplified fragments were obtained in four isolates belonging to two culture groups and were sequenced. This resulted in the identification of Staphylococcus warneri and Bacillus pumilis in apples and B. flexus and B. subtilis in oranges. The different species of Bacillus are reported already as endophytes in plants and plant‐derived produce. However, the occurrence of S. warneri is unusual. The observation emphasizes the need to further our understanding of the changing ecology of bacteria, particularly human pathogenic Staphylococcus, which has adapted to inner tissues of fruits.Practical ApplicationIdentification and detection of human pathogenic bacteria like Staphylococcus in fresh fruits is applicable in creating awareness among the public about the route cause of foodborne illness because of consumption of unhealthful raw and unpasteurized juices. In addition, this study helps us to reevaluate the present production and handling practices of fruits. It also emphasizes the need for developing strategies based on a coordinated approach by the growers, distributors, retailers, importers and public health officials to eliminate or contain such human pathogenic bacteria in fresh fruits.