bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Associational Critique of Quaternary Overkill and why it is Largely Irrelevant to the Extinction Debate
Authors: Surovell Todd A. , Grund Brigid S. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe overkill hypothesis has been criticized using a simple observation–with the exception of New Zealand, there is little evidence for human hunting of extinct Quaternary faunas. We explore the legitimacy of this argument, or what we call the “Associational Critique,” the idea that the paucity of evidence for the subsistence exploitation of extinct taxa weakens or falsifies overkill. Using quantitative and probabilistic models, based on the temporal depth of extinction events, human demography, and taphonomic bias, we ask how many associations with extinct fauna should have been found by this point in time in Australia, North America, and New Zealand. We conclude that such evidence should be rare in Australia, of intermediate abundance in North America, and common in New Zealand, a conclusion very much in accord with the current state of the archaeological record. We reach a similar conclusion using an analysis of the relative frequency of radiocarbon dates from each region dating to the time of coexistence of humans and extinct fauna. We argue that a scarcity of evidence for the exploitation of extinct fauna is not only consistent with overkill but also nearly every other extinction hypothesis that has been proposed, thus rendering the Associational Critique irrelevant.
An Archaeology of Eurocentrism
Authors: Orser Charles E. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe role of Europe and Europeans in the archaeology of post-1500 history has recently been critiqued. Some research has been pejoratively labeled Eurocentrism. This paper addresses the problems with adopting an emotional understanding of Eurocentrism and argues instead for its archaeological examination within the framework of an explicit multiscalar modern-world (historical) archaeology. An example comes from seventeenth-century Dutch settlements located in and around present-day Albany, New York.
Altitude Adjustments: More on Didima Gorge and New Directions in Rock Art Research
Authors: McCall Grant S. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractIn their comment, Challis et al. (this issue) find fault with several aspects of my earlier paper on rock paintings in the Didima Gorge, South Africa (McCall 2010). In this reply, I acknowledge that they may be correct in certain assertions concerning rock shelter altitudes. I argue, however, that the significance of these “altitude adjustments” for my broader arguments concerning variability in San rock art site use patterns is minor. I close by considering more substantive challenges for the use of quantitative analytical methods in the examination rock art assemblage composition and landscape-scale variation.
Plan Nord
Authors: Asselin Hugo 
Published: October 2012

En mai 2011, le Québec était l’une des dernières provinces canadiennes à se doter d’un plan stratégique de développement nordique. Le « Plan Nord », présenté comme un « modèle de développement durable », vise un territoire représentant 72 % de la superficie totale de la province et où plus du quart de la population est autochtone. Cet article propose un survol du Plan Nord et des impacts qu’il pourrait avoir sur les autochtones.
Le « Plan Nord » pour les Premières Nations et les Inuits
Authors: Vincent Sylvie 
Published: October 2012

Cet article examine la façon dont les médias écrits ont rapporté les réactions des Premières Nations et des Inuits depuis l’annonce du Plan Nord (28 septembre 2008) jusqu’en décembre 2011. Après une première section portant sur les commentaires de Ghislain Picard, porte-parole de l’Assemblée des Premières Nations du Québec et du Labrador, les informations sont regroupées par nation. On verra que, tout en présentant des points communs, les diverses réactions sont influencées par la situation politique des nations concernées et particulièrement par le fait qu’elles ont, ou non, signé des ententes territoriales avec le gouvernement du Québec. Cependant, il faut se méfier de certains biais de la presse écrite : influencés par la définition que donne le gouvernement du Québec de ses relations avec les Premières Nations et les Inuits, beaucoup de journalistes ne se rendent que très rarement dans les communautés et attendent que les leaders autochtones se mettent en scène eux-mêmes avant de s’intéresser à leurs espoirs et à leurs inquiétudes.
L’avenir de la guerre dans le monde du commerce
Authors: Brice Benjamin 
Published: October 2012

Le monde occidental, et plus particulièrement l’Europe, comprend souvent la mondialisation libérale comme un processus inédit qui saura, à terme, mettre fin au règne de la politique traditionnelle. Ce texte interrogera l’idée d’une progressive disparition de la guerre, à l’aide des réflexions de Raymond Aron sur le sujet. Dans une première partie, nous verrons comment les concepts de « procès » et de « drame » offrent une méthode d’analyse des développements historiques. Puis, dans une seconde partie, nous appliquerons cette grille de lecture à trois grandes causes de conflit (à savoir les passions, l’intérêt économique et les principes) pour montrer que les espérances iréniques doivent se montrer prudentes. La pacification européenne elle-même ne permet pas d’anticiper une fin de la guerre.
Mesenteric Histiocytosis or Only an Inflammatory Infiltration of Histiocytes? A Case Report From a Surgical Point of View
Authors: Höhler Florian , Dietl Karl-Heinz , Novak Karel , Giedl Joachim , Paetzel Christian 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
The mesenteric sclerosing processes are very rare tumors. There are only a few cases of mesenteric fibromatosis described in literature. A case of mesenteric histiocytosis or a mesenteric infiltration by histocytes as a reactive inflammatory process is not described in the surgical literature. Because of its clinical and macroscopic similarity to a fibromatosis or a reactive inflammatory process and a lack of articles in the literature on mesenteric histiocytosis we concentrated our research in literature on the mesenteric fibromatosis and its differential diagnosis.
Prognosis of Patients With Gastric Cancer Who Underwent Proximal Gastrectomy
Authors: Ikeguchi Masahide , Kader Abdul , Takaya Seigo , Fukumoto Youji , Osaki Tomohiro , Saito Hiroaki , Tatebe Shigeru , Wakatsuki Toshiro 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Proximal gastrectomy (PG) has been introduced for patients who are preoperatively diagnosed with early gastric cancer located in the upper third of the stomach. In the present study, we compared the prognosis of patients who underwent PG with that of patients who underwent total gastrectomy (TG). Between 1997 and 2006, 51 patients were diagnosed with early gastric cancer located in the upper third of the stomach and underwent PG. In the same period, 35 patients were diagnosed with early gastric cancer and underwent TG. Of these, in 24 patients, the cancer was localized in the middle to upper part of the stomach, and 11 patients had multiple cancers. We compared the clinicopathologic differences and prognoses between the two groups. Significantly fewer lymph nodes were dissected in the PG group (mean, 18.2) than in the TG group (mean, 36.6;P &lt; 0.001). Complications were detected in 17.6% of patients in the PG group and in 14.3% of patients in the TG group, which was not significant (P = 0.678). The overall and disease-specific 5-year survival rates in the 51 patients who underwent PG (88.7% and 97.1%, respectively) were not different from those in the 35 patients who underwent TG (87.6% and 93.4%; P = 0.971 and P = 0.553; respectively). These findings indicate that PG can be performed safely and may have various advantages compared with TG in terms of patients' daily lives.
Spontaneous Intraperitoneal Rupture of a Hepatic Hydatid Cyst
Authors: Arikanoglu Zulfu , Taskesen Fatih , Aliosmanoğlu İbrahim , Gul Mesut , Cetincakmak Mehmet Guli , Onder Akin , Kapan Murat 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Hydatid cysts, which are endemic to certain areas, typically are found in the liver. Spontaneous intraperitoneal rupture, which can be life threatening, is rare. This article presents a case of spontaneous rupture of a hydatid cyst in a 69-year-old woman who was admitted to the emergency department. The patient had no history of trauma. Abdominal ultrasonography and computed tomography suggested rupture of a hydatid cyst. The patient underwent a partial cystectomy, and the cystic area was washed with hypertonic saline and the peritoneal cavity was washed with isotonic saline and drained. Postoperatively, the patient was treated with albendazole for 3 months. No additional pathology was observed at the 3-, 6-, and 9-month follow-ups. Although rare, a ruptured hydatid cyst should be considered in the differential diagnosis of the acute abdomen in a patient residing in an endemic area.
Rotating zigzag bed as trayed HIGEE and its power consumption
Authors: Li Yumin , YuLi Yunliang , XuLi Zhichao , LiLi Xiaohua , Liu Xuejun , Ji Jianbing 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTHigh gravity (HIGEE) technology, which uses centrifugal force to intensify mass transfer, has been applied to chemical processing industries. A rotating packed bed is a conventional HIGEE with a rotor filled with packings. A rotating zigzag bed (RZB) is a novel HIGEE with a rotor containing coupled rotational–stationary baffles as discrete steps, which are called HIGEE trays, to provide gas–liquid contact. RZB power consumption is mainly the power requirement for liquid flow. With the ideal liquid flow in an RZB rotor, this study develops a model that can predict the power requirement for ideal liquid flow at zero gas flow. The power requirement for liquid flow is equal to the model‐predicted power requirement multiplied by two departure coefficients of real liquid and gas. Experiments were performed in two RZBs by using air–water system, and the consumption with gas rate, liquid rate, and rotational speed was measured. The departure coefficient of real liquid increased with increasing liquid rate and rotational speed, and its value at the greatest liquid rate ranged from 1.14 to 1.28 at various rotational speeds. The departure coefficient of gas increased with increasing gas rate and decreased with increasing liquid rate and rotational speed. The value of the departure coefficient of gas at the greater gas rate ranged from 1.36 to 2.80 at various liquid rates and rotational speeds. The power requirement for liquid flow in RZB was approximately 2.5 times as that of rotating packed bed, so the RZB power consumption should be given more attention. © 2012 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Plasma modification of man‐made cellulose fibers (Lyocell) for improved fiber/matrix adhesion in poly(lactic acid) composites
Authors: Graupner Nina , Albrecht Katharina , Hegemann Dirk , Müssig Jörg 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe present study investigates the influence of different plasma treatments on the tensile characteristics of lyocell fibers and the interfacial interactions of lyocell fibers in a poly(lactic acid) matrix. For the investigations, the fibers were coated by an amine‐functional, nanoporous layer (a‐C:H:N) using a gaseous mixture of NH3:C2H4 of 1:1 and 5:3, respectively, an oxygen‐functional layer (a‐C:H:O) with CO2:C2H4 and CO2 posttreatment, or an oxygen‐functional layer (a‐C:H:O) comprising hydroxyl groups with H2O:C2H4 and H2O posttreatment. As reference, uncoated fibers and fibers coated with a crosslinked, amorphous hydrocarbon layer (a‐C:H) without functional group incorporation were investigated. While the different treatments maintained the tensile strength of the lyocell fibers, which were all in the range between 295 and 338 N/mm2, the interfacial shear strength, measured by the pull‐out test, was clearly influenced. The best improvement of the fiber/matrix adhesion was obtained by a plasma treatment with a mixture of water vapor and ethylene resulting in an interfacial shear strength of 17.8 N/mm2 in comparison to the untreated lyocell fiber with 10.3 N/mm2. Amine‐functional plasma polymers (a‐C:H:N) were also found to be suitable for adhesion‐promoting interlayers on lyocell fibers in poly(lactic acid). © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Preparation of thermally stable, low dielectric constant, pyridine‐based polyimide and related nanofoams
Authors: Aram Elham , Mehdipour‐Ataei Shahram 
Published: October 2012

AbstractReaction of 6‐chloronicotinoyl chloride with p‐phenylene diamine resulted in preparation of a dichloro diamide compound. Subsequently, chloro displacement of this compound with 4‐amino phenoxy groups led to production of a new pyridine‐based ether diamine named as N,N′‐(1,4‐phenylene)bis(6‐(4‐aminophenoxy) nicotinamide). Novel polyimide was prepared through polycondensation reaction of the diamine with hexafluoroisopropylidene diphthalic anhydride (6‐FDA) via two‐step imidization method. In addition, new nanoporous polyimide films were produced through graft copolymerization of polyimide as the continuous phase with a thermally labile poly (propylene glycol) oligomer as the labile phase. The grafted copolymers were synthesized using reaction of the diamine and 6‐FDA in the presence of poly (propylene glycol) 2‐bromoacetate as thermally labile constituent via a poly(amic acid) precursor process. The labile block was decomposed via thermal treatment to release inert molecules that diffused out of the matrix to leave pores with diameters between 30 and 60 nm. The structures and properties of polyimide and polyimide nanofoams were characterized by different techniques including 1H‐NMR, FTIR, TGA, DMTA, SEM, TEM, dielectric constant, and tensile strength measurement. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
High‐temperature steam‐treatment of PBI, PEKK, and a PEKK‐PBI Blend: A solid‐state NMR and IR spectroscopic study
Authors: Guenther Johannes , Wong Minhao , Sue Hung‐Jue , Bremner Tim , Blümel Janet 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBlends of polyaryletherketones (PAEK) with polybenzimidazole (PBI) are of commercial interest due to their improved upper service temperatures and wear properties when compared with the PAEK analogs examined to date. The retention of properties of the PBI component generally thought to be disadvantageous in more thermally or chemically aggressive environments is not well understood, nor are the specifics of interactions between the PBI and PAEK components in a melt or dry blend systems. In this initial investigation, focus is placed on the behavior and mechanism of polyetherketoneketone (PEKK)/PBI systems in contact with steam or condensed phase water. The goal is to understand the chemistry of the reaction, if any, upon exposure to steam as well as to examine the reversibility of moisture uptake of this material when exposed to liquid water or saturated steam. In this contribution, the pure polymer components and the PEKK‐PBI (60 : 40 wt %) blend are steam‐treated at 149°C (300°F) and 316°C (600°F). IR and solid‐state NMR spectroscopy are used to study chemical or morphological transformations of the polymers. All changes detectable by 13C cross‐polarization with magic angle spinning (CP/MAS) upon steam‐treatment are reversible, and not of a chemical nature, indicating that under the conditions of exposure used here no detectable chemical degradation occurs during steam exposure and with moisture uptake. The temporary water uptake of the samples, as studied by 1H wideline NMR and 13C T1 time measurements, leads to a change in the ratio of rigid versus mobile domains of the materials. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Steady‐state and time‐resolved fluorescence of tetramethylrhodamine attached to DNA: correlation with DNA sequences
Authors: Chen Tingting , Fu Leixiaomeng , Zu Lily 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTTime‐resolved fluorescence as well as steady‐state absorption and fluorescence were detected in order to study the interactions between tetramethylrhodamine (TAMRA) and DNA when TAMRA was covalently labeled on single‐ and double‐stranded oligonucleotides. Fluorescence intensity quenching and lifetime changes were characterized and correlated with different DNA sequences. The results demonstrated that the photoinduced electron transfer interaction between guanosine residues and TAMRA introduced a short lifetime fluorescence component when guanosine residues were at the TAMRA‐attached terminal of the DNA sequences. The discrepancy of two‐state and three‐state models in previous studies was due to the DNA sequence selection and sensitivity of techniques used to detect the short lifetime component. The results will help the design of fluorescence‐based experiments related to a dye labeled probe. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simultaneous determination of sunitinib and its two metabolites in plasma of Chinese patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Qiu Feng , Bian Weihua , Li Jun , Ge Zhicheng 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTA simple and rapid liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of sunitinib and its two metabolites in plasma of Chinese patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). After simple one‐step protein precipitation with methanol–acetonitrile (1:1, v/v), all three analytes were separated on an Agilent Zorbax SB‐C18 column using a gradient mobile phase consisting of water (0.1% formic acid)–acetonitrile (0.1% formic acid) at a flow rate of 0.50 mL/min. The detection was performed in multiple reaction monitoring mode, using the transitions of m/z 399.0 → 326.2, m/z 371.0 → 283.1, m/z 343.0 → 283.1 and m/z 386.3 → 122.2 for sunitinib, M1, M2 and buspirone, respectively. The method was linear over the range of 0.10–100 ng/mL for all three analytes using only 50 μL of plasma and the lower limit of quantifications for the three analytes were all 0.10 ng/mL. The intra‐day and inter‐day precisions were all less than 15% and the accuracies were within the range of ±15%; recoveries were between 85.0 and 115%. The validated method was successfully applied to an explorative pharmacokinetic study of sunitinib in Chinese patients with mRCC following multi‐dose oral administration. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Boron‐Doped Tri(9,10‐anthrylene)s: Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Optoelectronic Properties
Authors: Hoffend Claas , Schödel Frauke , Bolte Michael , Lerner Hans‐Wolfram , Wagner Matthias 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe reaction of 9,10‐dibromo‐9,10‐dihydro‐9,10‐diboraanthracene (9,10‐dibromo‐DBA, 3) with two equivalents of 9‐lithio‐2,6‐ or 9‐lithio‐2,7‐di‐tert‐butylanthracene gave the corresponding 9,10‐dianthryl‐DBAs featuring two (4) or four (5) inward‐pointing tert‐butyl groups. Compound 4 exists as two atropisomers, 4 and 4′, due to hindered rotation about the exocyclic BC bonds. X‐ray crystallography of 5 suggests that the overall interactions between facing tert‐butyl groups are attractive rather than repulsive. Even in solution, 4/4′ and 5 are stable toward air and moisture for several hours. Treatment of 3 with 10‐lithio‐9‐R‐2,7‐di‐tert‐butylanthracenes carrying phenyl (R=Ph), dimesitylboryl (R=Mes2B), or N,N‐di(p‐tolyl)amino (R=Tol2N) groups gave the corresponding 9,10‐dianthryl‐DBA derivatives 9–11 in moderate to good yields. In these molecules, all four solubilizing tert‐butyl groups are outward pointing. The solid‐state structures of 4, 5, 9, and 10 reveal twisted conformations about the exocyclic BC bonds with dihedral angles of 70–90°. A significant electron‐withdrawing character was proven for the Mes2B moiety, but no appreciable +M effect was evident for Tol2N. Compounds 5, 9, and 11 show two reversible DBA‐centered reduction waves in the cyclic voltammogram. In the case of 10, a third reversible redox transition can be assigned to the Mes2B–anthryl substituents. The UV/Vis absorption spectrum of 5 is characterized by a very broad band at λmax=510 nm, attributable to a twisted intramolecular charge‐transfer interaction from the anthryl donors to the DBA acceptor. The corresponding emission band shows pronounced positive solvatochromism (λem=567 nm, C6H12; 680 nm, CH2Cl2) in line with a highly polar excited state. The charge‐transfer bands of 10 and 11, as well as the emission bands of 9 and 10, are redshifted relative to those of 5. The Tol2N derivative 11 is essentially nonfluorescent in solution, but emits bright wine‐red light in the solid state.
Syntheses and Applications of Monofluorinated Cyclopropanes
Authors: David Emilie , Milanole Gaëlle , Ivashkin Pavel , Couve‐Bonnaire Samuel , Jubault Philippe , Pannecoucke Xavier 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe combination of a fluorine atom and a cyclopropane ring, which both possess unique structural and chemical features, can generate new relevant building blocks for the discovery of efficient fluorinated biologically active agents. In this review, we report the different strategies to access monofluorocyclopropanes and highlight some of their attractive biological applications.
Wild edible fruits as a potential source of phytochemicals with capacity to inhibit lipid peroxidation
Authors: Morales Patricia , Ferreira Isabel C.F.R. , Carvalho Ana Maria , Fernández‐Ruiz Virginia , Sánchez‐Mata Mª Cortes , Cámara Montaña , Morales Ramón , Tardío Javier 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe edible fruits of four wild small trees or shrubs (Arbutus unedo, Crataegus monogyna, Prunus spinosa, and Rubus ulmifolius) traditionally consumed in the Iberian Peninsula were studied to evaluate their potential for human nutrition, considering their content in bioactive compounds. Lipophilic phytochemicals, such as fatty acids and tocopherols, as well as some hydrophilic antioxidants, such as vitamin C and organic acids, were analyzed. In addition, the antioxidant activity, measured as lipid peroxidation inhibition (β‐carotene/linoleate and TBARS assays), was evaluated in each fruit. As far as we know, this is the first report relating to bioactive compounds in wild fruits with relation to the lipid peroxidation inhibition. Data revealed that these wild edible fruits are good sources of bioactive compounds as organic acids, vitamin C, tocopherols, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. They could be considered as functional foods or potential sources of bioactive compounds with antioxidant synergism effect, to be included as antioxidant food ingredients or in dietary supplements, mainly Rubus ulmifolius, due to its high content in tocopherols. This study provides useful and relevant information that justify tocopherols influence in the prevention of lipid peroxidation, due to the strong correlation observed (r>0.95) between these lipophilic bioactive compounds and the antioxidant activity.
Conformationally Constrained Oxides of 1,3‐Dithiane: Synthesis and NMR Spectroscopic Investigations
Authors: Ulshöfer Roland , Wedel Tobias , Süveges Bastian , Podlech Joachim 
Published: October 2012

AbstractConformationally constrained derivatives of 1,3‐dithianes (5‐tert‐butyl‐ and 4,6‐dimethyl‐1,3‐dithiane and dithiadecalin) have been oxidised with various oxidants to yield axial and equatorial sulfoxides, disulfoxides and sulfones. Axial sulfoxides were prepared by nucleophilic hydroxide addition to the corresponding 2‐alkylidene derivatives with subsequent retro‐aldol‐type elimination. The reaction outcome is related to the relative energies of the derivatives, as demontstrated by DFT calculations. The NMR spectroscopic data of the compounds obtained were analysed to identify 4J couplings. It was found that only 4J W couplings can be observed regardless of whether there is an axial or an equatorial sulfoxide, sulfide or sulfone group present in between the respective C–H moieties. A previously postulated γ‐gauche effect of axial sulfoxides (but not of equatorial sulfoxides or sulfones) leading to the shielding of carbon atoms is not unambiguously supported by the NMR spectroscopic data of conformationally fixed derivatives.