bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Supervisory Neglect on Subtypes of Emerging Adult Substance use after Controlling for Familial Factors, Relationship Status, and Individual Traits
Authors: Snyder Susan M. , Merritt Darcey H. 
Published: March 2015

Background This study is the first to explore how child supervisory neglect influences patterns of substance use among young adults. This study investigated patterns of substance use among males and females, 18 to 24 years old, after controlling for adolescent parental drinking, living with parents, relationship status, delinquency, and depression. Methods The study sample ( N = 10,618) included individuals who participated in Waves I (1994–1995) and III (2001–2002) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health). The study used latent class analysis to ascertain how patterns of substance use emerged as distinct classes. Results For both males and females, we identified the following 4 classes of substance use: (1) heavy polysubstance use, (2) moderate polysubstance use, (3) alcohol and marijuana, and (4) low-use substance use patterns. Multinomial logistic regression indicated that, for both males and females 18 to 24 years old, experiencing supervisory neglect, being depressed, being single, and engaging in adolescent delinquency serve as risk factors for heavy polysubstance use class membership. Conversely, being black or Hispanic lowered the likelihood of polysubstance use for males and females. For females only, living with parents served as a protective factor that reduced the risk of membership in heavy polysubstance use, moderate polysubstance use, and alcohol and marijuana classes. For males only, being less educated increased the risk of heavy polysubstance use class membership. Conclusions Results from this exploratory study underscore the enduring effect of supervisory neglect on substance use among male and female young adults. Future studies should explore whether these relationships hold over time.
Bidirectional Relationship between the Body Mass Index and Substance use in Young Men
Authors: N'Goran Alexandra A. , Studer Joseph , Deline Stéphane , Henchoz Yves , Baggio Stéphanie , Mohler-Kuo Meichun , Daeppen Jean-Bernard , Gmel Gerhard 
Published: March 2015

Background Obesity and substance use are major concern in young people. This study explored the bidirectional longitudinal relationships between the body mass index (BMI) of young men and their use of (1) 4 classes of nonmedical prescription drugs; (2) alcohol; (3) tobacco; and (4) cannabis. Methods Baseline and follow-up data from the Cohort Study on Substance Use Risk Factors were used ( N = 5007). A cross-lagged panel model, complemented by probit models as sensitivity analysis, was run to determine the bidirectional relationships between BMI and substance use. Alcohol was assessed using risky single-occasion drinking (RSOD); tobacco, using daily smoking; and cannabis, using hazardous cannabis use (defined as twice-weekly or more cannabis use). Nonmedical prescription drugs use (NMPDU) included opioid analgesics, sedatives/sleeping pills, anxiolytics, and stimulants. Results Different associations were found between BMI and substance use. Only RSOD (β = −.053, P = .005) and NMPDU of anxiolytics (β = .040, P = .020) at baseline significantly predicted BMI at follow-up. Baseline RSOD predicted a lower BMI at follow-up, whereas baseline NMPDU of anxiolytics predicted higher BMI at follow-up. Furthermore, BMI at baseline significantly predicted daily smoking (β = .050, P = .007) and hazardous cannabis use (β = .058, P = .030). Conclusions These results suggest different associations between BMI and the use of various substances by young men. However, only RSOD and NMPDU of anxiolytics predicted BMI, whereas BMI predicted daily smoking and hazardous cannabis use.
Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment for Adolescents: Attitudes, Perceptions, and Practice of New York School-Based Health Center Providers
Authors: Harris Brett R. , Shaw Benjamin A. , Sherman Barry R. , Lawson Hal A. 
Published: March 2015

Background Screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) has been endorsed by the American Academy of Pediatrics as an evidence-based strategy to address risky substance use among adolescents in primary care. However, less than half of pediatricians even screen adolescents for substance use. The purpose of this study was to identify variation in SBIRT practice and explore how program directors’ and clinicians’ attitudes and perceptions of effectiveness, role responsibility, and self-efficacy impact SBIRT adoption, implementation, and practice in school-based health centers (SBHCs). Methods All 162 New York State SBHC program directors and clinicians serving middle and high school students were surveyed between May and June of 2013 (40% response rate). Results Only 22% of participants reported practicing the SBIRT model. Of the individual SBIRT model components, using a standardized tool to screen students for risky substance use, referring students with substance use problems to specialty treatment, and assessing students’ readiness to change were practiced least frequently. Less than 30% of participants felt they could be effective at helping students reduce substance use, 63% did not believe it was their role to use a standardized screening tool, and 20–30% did not feel confident performing specific aspects of intervention and management. Each of these factors was correlated with SBIRT practice frequency ( P < .05). Conclusions Findings from this study identify an important gap between an evidence-based SBIRT model and its adoption into practice within SBHCs, indicating a need for dissemination strategies targeting role responsibility, self-efficacy, and clinicians’ perceptions of SBIRT effectiveness.
Kingship
Authors: Lloyd Alan B. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis chapter analyses the most significant institutional creation of Egypt's prehistoric cultures, i.e. kingship, the pivotal institution of Egyptian society and the embodiment of the Pharaonic state system throughout its history. It examines the concept of divine kingship which embraces both the concept of the divinity of the king in life and death, and the distance between that conceptualization and the ways in which that divinity did or did not impact on those who came into contact with it.
Government of the Kingdom
Authors: Lloyd Alan B. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis chapter describes the evolution of the administrative machinery through which the Egyptian state operated to determine the ways in which the power of Pharaoh was articulated within the kingdom at large and, at some periods, beyond its frontiers. Royal authority was exercised through two main mechanisms: a central administration based on a palace located in the capital city and a provincial system integrated with it that could be organized in a variety of ways, depending on the period in question.
The Hopkins Touch
Authors: Roll David 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
This book offers a portrait of the most powerful man in Franklin D. Roosevelt's administration. It shows how Harry Hopkins, an Iowa-born social worker who had been an integral part of the New Deal's implementation, became the linchpin in FDR's—and America's—relationships with Winston Churchill and Joseph Stalin, and spoke with an authority second only to the president's. Hopkins could take the political risks his boss could not, and proved crucial to maintaining personal relations among the Big Three. Beloved by some—such as Churchill, who believed that Hopkins “always went to the root of the matter”—and trusted by most—including the paranoid Stalin—there were nevertheless those who resented the influence of “the White House Rasputin”.
Moving In
Authors: Roll David L. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
This book is about Harry Hopkins, an Iowa-born social worker who played a key role in the implementation of Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal, and how he became the most powerful man in the Roosevelt administration. It tells the story of Hopkins's improbable yet crucial role in helping to create and preserve the Anglo-American-Soviet coalition that ultimately won World War II. It also explores the complexities underlying Hopkins's relationship with FDR and how he became the linchpin in FDR's—and America's—relationships with Winston Churchill of Great Britain and Joseph Stalin of the Soviet Union.
Ambitious Reformer
Authors: Roll David L. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
This chapter focuses on Harry Hopkins's early life and education, from his childhood in Grinnell, Iowa, to his graduation from Grinnell College and his marriage to Ethel Gross. It also considers Hopkins's work for the Association for Improving the Condition of the Poor and his emergence as a coalition builder. Hopkins and Ethel permanently separated in 1929 and divorced a year later. In 1939, Hopkins joined Franklin D. Roosevelt's cabinet as secretary of commerce.
He Suddenly Came Out with It—The Whole Program
Authors: Roll David L. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
This chapter focuses on Harry Hopkins's residence at the White House beginning in 1940 as the most powerful man under Franklin D. Roosevelt's administration. It first considers Hopkins's relationship with Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt before turning to a discussion of events in May and June 1940 that inched the United States closer to World War II as France and the Low Countries collapsed in the face of Germany's assault and England was left alone against the Nazi onslaught. It then looks at Roosevelt's personal feelings toward Winston Churchill and how he viewed the security of the United States in relation to Great Britain. It also discusses Hopkins's role in laying the groundwork for a top-secret program, approved by FDR, that would lead to the Manhattan Project and the development of the atomic bomb.
The Right Man
Authors: Roll David L. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
This chapter focuses on Harry Hopkins's travel to England in 1941 upon the orders of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, who gave him at least two specific assignments. First, Hopkins was to assess whether the British people and their government, with aid from the United States, could withstand the attacks from air and sea and eventually prevail over Germany. Second, without committing the nation to anything specific, especially while the lend-lease legislation was pending in Congress, Hopkins was to convey to Winston Churchill the sense that America would support Great Britain as it fought the Nazis. Hopkins fueled Britain's unrealistic expectations, but as one with scant experience in foreign relations and military affairs, he seemed to have done well in the art of personal diplomacy.
We Are All in the Same Boat Now
Authors: Roll David L. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
This chapter focuses on Harry Hopkins's diplomatic efforts to strengthen the ties that would bind the Anglo-American-Soviet coalition against Japan and Germany during World War II. It first considers President Franklin D. Roosevelt's last-ditch personal appeal to Japanese Emperor Hirohito for “peace throughout the whole Pacific area” before turning to the decrypted Japanese document that revealed the Japanese position, their moves into Southeast Asia, and their blaming the United States and its Western allies for increasing tensions in the region. It then assesses Adolf Hitler's declaration of war on the United States, Roosevelt's meeting with Winston Churchill, and Roosevelt's State of the Union message to a joint session of Congress in January 1942.
Some Sort of a Front This Summer
Authors: Roll David L. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
This chapter focuses on Harry Hopkins's support for President Franklin D. Roosevelt's plan to invade Western Europe in 1942 as part of the United States's strategy against Germany and Japan during World War II. It first examines the developments surrounding the war, including the surrender of the British garrison in Hong Kong to the Japanese, the retreat of American and Filipino troops under the command of General Douglas MacArthur to the Bataan Peninsula and the island of Corregidor in the Philippines, and Japan's invasions of Burma and the Dutch East Indies. It also considers the movement of the Afrika Korps, led by General Erwin Rommel, toward Cairo, along with the orders issued by Joseph Stalin of Russia to his generals to launch a major offensive in the south toward Kharkov and renew the Red Army's counterattack on German forces outside the capital. The chapter concludes by assessing the misunderstanding between Roosevelt and Winston Churchill over the proposed Anglo-American invasion of North Africa in 1942.
The Hopkins Touch
Authors: Roll David L. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
This chapter focuses on Harry Hopkins's role as chief intermediary between Winston Churchill and Franklin D. Roosevelt during World War II, with particular reference to his involvement in the decision-making process on both sides of the Atlantic. The Battle of Midway was being fought in the Central Pacific, and the U.S. Navy seemed to be getting the upper hand. Together with the standoff a month earlier in the Battle of the Coral Sea, when Japan's attempt to capture Port Moresby in the Southwest Pacific was checked, the Midway victory altered the balance of power in the Pacific and had vitally important strategic consequences. The threat posed by the link-up of the Japanese Navy and German forces in the Persian Gulf appeared to have dissipated. Without that threat, the buildup of troops and resources in England for a cross-Channel attack could be accelerated. This chapter also examines the discussions between Roosevelt and Churchill for designing and building the atomic bomb as part of what would become the Manhattan Project, along with plans for an invasion of French North Africa.
Lighting the Torch
Authors: Roll David L. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
This chapter focuses on Harry Hopkins's influence on foreign affairs in the United States under President Franklin D. Roosevelt's administration during World War II. It first considers Hopkins's marriage to Louise Gill Macy and his relationship with Eleanor Roosevelt before turning to a discussion of the midterm elections and Winston Churchill's meeting with Joseph Stalin in Russia to discuss the strategy of the Anglo-American-Soviet coalition, especially with respect to the invasion of North Africa. It then looks at the American economy and Congress's passage of the Economic Stabilization Act as well as Hopkins's proposal about deploying British and American air forces in the Caucasus in order to “encourage Russian resistance” to German attacks. The chapter also analyzes the implications of the assassination of Admiral Jean-François Darlan, recognized as the political leader of North Africa, in Algiers.
The View from Marrakech
Authors: Roll David L. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
This chapter focuses on Harry Hopkins's role as chief intermediary between Winston Churchill and Franklin D. Roosevelt in the two world leaders' Casablanca conference to discuss their strategy during World War II. Roosevelt was the first president to leave the United States in wartime, the first since Abraham Lincoln to visit troops in the field, and the first to fly while in office. Roosevelt's ostensible motive for the Morocco trip was to inspect American troops and to confer with Churchill as to where the Anglo-American forces should be deployed after they drove the Germans out of North Africa. This chapter also considers Joseph Stalin's reaction to the statement by Roosevelt and Churchill that the military decisions they made at the Casablanca conference “may well bring Germany to her knees in 1943”.
A Soldier’s Debt
Authors: Roll David L. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
This chapter examines Harry Hopkins's influential role in U.S. foreign affairs under President Franklin D. Roosevelt's administration during World War II. It first considers Hopkins's surgery due to his intestinal ailment and the criticisms he received from his political enemies and the press while he was in the hospital, It then assesses Hopkins's grief over the death of his eighteen-year-old son, Private First Class Stephen Hopkins, who was killed by a Japanese bullet through the forehead while digging a foxhole. It also discusses Roosevelt's perceived linkages between rough treatment of postwar Germany, Great Britain's economic plight, and an earlier end to lend-lease before concluding with an analysis of Winston Churchill's objection to the Morgenthau Plan.
The Root of the Matter
Authors: Roll David L. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
This chapter examines Harry Hopkins's role in the Potsdam conference, the final meeting of the Big Three (United States, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union) during World War II. Held in Germany, Potsdam provided a venue for Harry S. Truman, Winston Churchill, and Joseph Stalin to tackle a variety of issues such as the Manhattan Project. Hopkins did not attend the conference; he had just tendered his resignation from the government. This chapter also considers the charges that Hopkins aided the Soviet Union in developing the atomic bomb, the deterioration of Hopkins's health, and Congress's investigation into who was to blame for the Pearl Harbor attack. Finally, it assesses how an Iowa-born social worker and bureaucrat like Hopkins achieved such success in government and foreign affairs during the war.
Discarding of cod in the Danish Fully Documented Fisheries trials
Authors: Ulrich Clara , Olesen Hans Jakob , Bergsson Heiðrikur , Egekvist Josefine , Håkansson Kirsten Birch , Dalskov Jørgen , Kindt-Larsen Lotte , Storr-Paulsen Marie 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Denmark was the first nation in Europe to promote the use of Fully Documented Fisheries (FDF) through Remote Electronic Monitoring (REM) and CCTV camera systems, with pilot schemes in place since 2008. In theory, such a scheme could supplement and even potentially replace expensive control and monitoring programmes; and when associated with a catch quota management (CQM) system, incentivize positive changes in fishing patterns in a results-based management approach. New data flows are, however, required to ensure the practical implementation of such a scheme. This paper reviews the quality of the FDF data collected during 2008–2014 and their potential in strengthening information on cod discards. The analyses demonstrate the improved reporting of discards in logbooks and overall discard reductions, but they also show that some uncertainties around the absolute estimates of discard quantities have remained. Regular validation of weight estimation methods and close collaboration between scientific monitoring and control are important to support the use of reported discards as a reliable source of information. We discuss the potential of electronic monitoring in the context of the EU landing obligation.
Beyond technology acceptance to effective technology use: a parsimonious and actionable model
Authors: Holahan Patricia J , Lesselroth Blake J , Adams Kathleen , Wang Kai , Church Victoria 
Published: March 2015

AbstractObjective To develop and test a parsimonious and actionable model of effective technology use (ETU).Design Cross-sectional survey of primary care providers (n = 53) in a large integrated health care organization that recently implemented new medication reconciliation technology.Methods Surveys assessed 5 technology-related perceptions (compatibility with work values, implementation climate, compatibility with work processes, perceived usefulness, and ease of use) and 1 outcome variable, ETU. ETU was measured as both consistency and quality of technology use.Results Compatibility with work values and implementation climate were found to have differential effects on consistency and quality of use. When implementation climate was strong, consistency of technology use was high. However, quality of technology use was high only when implementation climate was strong and values compatibility was high. This is an important finding and highlights the importance of users’ workplace values as a key determinant of quality of use.Conclusions To extend our effectiveness in implementing new health care information technology, we need parsimonious models that include actionable determinants of ETU and account for the differential effects of these determinants on the multiple dimensions of ETU.
Challenges of adoption of internet banking service in Yemen
Authors: Al-Ajam Ali Saleh , Md Nor Khalil 
Published: March 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to determine the factors that influence individuals’ intention to adopt internet banking in the Republic of Yemen. The current study found that a lack of empirical studies have been conducted in this field in Arab countries, in general, and in Yemen, in particular.

Design/methodology/approach
– The theory of reasoned action (TRA) was extended by relative advantage, perceived risk, mass media, family’s influence, innovativeness, skepticism and technology readiness (TR). Paper survey was used to collect data from 1,500 bank customers. Structural equation modeling was employed to investigate the relationships between variables. The TRA was extended by relative advantage, perceived risk, mass media, family’s influence, innovativeness, skepticism and TR. Paper survey was used to collect data from 1,500 bank customers. Structural equation modeling was employed to investigate the relationships between variables.

Findings
– Customer’s behavioral intention was significantly influenced by attitude, subjective norms and TR. Overall, the results indicate that the model provides a good understanding of factors that influence the intention to use internet banking service. The model explained 63.8 percent of the variance in the behavioral intention.

Practical implications
– The findings are of great use to banks already offering internet banking but of even greater use for those banks which are planning to offer internet banking services. The results of the study could serve as a guideline for bank managers in understanding the factors and strategic market planning that needs to be initiated to increase internet banking adoption among current and potential customers.

Originality/value
– Factors such as perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and relative advantage have been found to be the determinants of internet banking adoption in previous studies. Along with the above variables, a new variable called TR has been analyzed in the present study. This kind of study has not been conducted in the Middle East context previously.