bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transgender persons’ view on previous fertility decision-making and current infertility: a qualitative study
Authors: Asseler J D , de Nie I , van Rooij F B , Steensma T D , Mosterd D , Verhoeven M O , Goddijn M , Huirne J A F , van Mello N M 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

STUDY QUESTION
How do adult transgender and gender diverse (TGD) people, who are infertile due to prior gender-affirming treatment, view their current infertility and their reproductive decisions made in the past?

SUMMARY ANSWER
In a time where sterilization was mandatory, transgender adolescents prioritized gender-affirming treatment over their future fertility and would make the same choice today despite emotional challenges related to infertility experienced by some.

WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY
Under transgender law in the Netherlands, sterilization was required for legal gender recognition until 2014, resulting in permanent infertility. The long-term consequences of this iatrogenic infertility in transgender adolescents who have now reached adulthood remain underexplored.

STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION
Qualitative study design based on 21 in-depth one-on-one semi-structured interviews.

PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS
TGD people in a stage of life where family planning may be a current topic were eligible for participation. They all received gender-affirming treatment in adolescence prior to the legislation change in 2014. A purposeful sampling technique was used from participants of another ongoing study. Eleven people assigned female at birth and ten people assigned male at birth were included. Interview transcripts were thematically analysed using a modified version of Braun and Clarke’s six steps theory.

MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE
Six main themes were generated: (i) personal considerations regarding fertility and fertility preservation in the past; (ii) external considerations regarding fertility and fertility preservation in the past; (iii) current vision on past considerations and decisions; (iv) Current experiences and coping with infertility; (v) future family building; (vi) advice regarding fertility and fertility preservation decision-making.

LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION
Selection, recall, and choice supportive bias may play a role in interpreting our results.

WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS
This study highlights the importance of tailored counselling and comprehensive information on fertility preservation for transgender individuals, especially adolescents, undergoing gender-affirming treatment.

STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S)
N/A.

TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER
N/A.
High Arctic seawater and coastal soil microbiome co-occurrence and composition structure and their potential hydrocarbon biodegradation
Authors: Freyria Nastasia J , Góngora Esteban , Greer Charles W , Whyte Lyle G 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The accelerated decline in Arctic sea-ice cover and duration is enabling the opening of Arctic marine passages and improving access to natural resources. The increasing accessibility to navigation and resource exploration and production brings risks of accidental hydrocarbon releases into Arctic waters, posing a major threat to Arctic marine ecosystems where oil may persist for many years, especially in beach sediment. The composition and response of the microbial community to oil contamination on Arctic beaches remain poorly understood. To address this, we analyzed microbial community structure and identified hydrocarbon degradation genes among the Northwest Passage intertidal beach sediments and shoreline seawater from five high Arctic beaches. Our results from 16S/18S rRNA genes, long-read metagenomes, and metagenome-assembled genomes reveal the composition and metabolic capabilities of the hydrocarbon microbial degrader community, as well as tight cross-habitat and cross-kingdom interactions dominated by lineages that are common and often dominant in the polar coastal habitat, but distinct from petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated sites. In the polar beach sediment habitats, Granulosicoccus sp. and Cyclocasticus sp. were major potential hydrocarbon-degraders, and our metagenomes revealed a small proportion of microalgae and algal viruses possessing key hydrocarbon biodegradative genes. This research demonstrates that Arctic beach sediment and marine microbial communities possess the ability for hydrocarbon natural attenuation. The findings provide new insights into the viral and microalgal communities possessing hydrocarbon degradation genes and might represent an important contribution to the removal of hydrocarbons under harsh environmental conditions in a pristine, cold, and oil-free environment that is threatened by oil spills.
International Conflict, Border Security, and State Capacity: Case of British India
Authors: Park Jeongmin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The dominant approach to war and state-building attributes state development to wartime growth of extractive capacity. Yet we know little about the administrative foundation through which extractive capacity is increased spatially, beyond the central policy level. Using railways as an example of a state-building asset, I revisit the role of external threat on state-building, with evidence drawing upon detailed historical data from nineteenth-century India during a crucial period of Anglo–Russo rivalry. I find that conflict with Russia led to expansion of railways in the Northwest Frontier bordering Afghanistan, the buffer between British India and Russia, which led to improved performance of local tax administrators. The findings suggest that external conflict promotes state development through provision of logistical networks enabling greater administrative efficiency in geographically distant frontiers.
Management of Clostridioides difficile infection: an Italian Delphi consensus
Authors: Bassetti Matteo , Cascio Antonio , De Rosa Francesco Giuseppe , Meschiari Marianna , Parrella Roberto , Petrosillo Nicola , Armuzzi Alessandro , Caprioli Flavio , Dentali Francesco , Pani Marcello , Pilotto Alberto , Restelli Umberto , Sanguinetti Maurizio 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI), a leading cause of nosocomial deaths, is a microbiota-mediated disease. As such, the use of broader spectrum antibiotics, such as vancomycin and metronidazole, can prime the gastrointestinal tract to become more prone to CDI recurrences. Fidaxomicin, a narrow-spectrum antibiotic, has been demonstrated to be superior in preventing recurrence and in preserving the intestinal microbiota; however, widespread employment worldwide has been hindered due to high acquisition costs.

Objectives
To integrate the currently available guidelines on the management of CDI and to shed light on the timeliest employment of fidaxomicin.

Methods
An expert panel was gathered to obtain consensus using Delphi methodology on a series of statements regarding the management of CDI and on appropriate antibiotic use.

Results
Consensus was reached on 21 of the 25 statements addressing the management of CDI.

Conclusions
Delphi methodology was used to achieve consensus on the management of CDI, on the identification of patients at risk of recurrences or severe infection, and on the most appropriate use of fidaxomicin, with the final aim of fostering clinical practice application of treatment algorithms proposed by previous guidelines, in absolute synergy. It could be an important tool to promote more appropriate and cost-effective CDI treatments in European settings with limited resources, like Italy.
In silico gepotidacin target mining among 33 213 global Neisseria gonorrhoeae genomes from 1928 to 2023 combined with gepotidacin MIC testing of 22 gonococcal isolates with different GyrA and ParC substitutions
Authors: David Alexandra , Golparian Daniel , Jacobsson Susanne , Stratton Caleb , Lan Pham Thi , Shimuta Ken , Sonnenberg Pam , Field Nigel , Ohnishi Makoto , Davies Christopher , Unemo Magnus 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objectives
The novel dual-target triazaacenaphthylene, gepotidacin, recently showed promising results in its Phase III randomized controlled trial for the treatment of gonorrhoea. We investigated alterations in the gepotidacin GyrA and ParC targets in gonococci by in silico mining of publicly available global genomes (n = 33 213) and determined gepotidacin MICs in isolates with GyrA A92 alterations combined with other GyrA and/or ParC alterations.

Methods
We examined gonococcal gyrA and parC alleles available at the European Nucleotide Archive. MICs were determined using the agar dilution method (gepotidacin) or Etest (four antimicrobials). Models of DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV were obtained from AlphaFold and used to model gepotidacin in the binding site.

Results
GyrA A92 alterations were identified in 0.24% of genomes: GyrA A92P/S/V + S91F + D95Y/A/N (0.208%), A92P + S91F (0.024%) and A92P (0.003%), but no A92T (previously associated with gepotidacin resistance) was found. ParC D86 alterations were found in 10.6% of genomes: ParC D86N/G (10.5%), D86N + S87I (0.051%), D86N + S88P (0.012%) and D86G + E91G (0.003%). One isolate had GyrA A92P + ParC D86N alterations, but remained susceptible to gepotidacin (MIC = 0.125 mg/L). No GyrA plus ParC alterations resulted in a gepotidacin MIC &gt; 4 mg/L. Modelling of gepotidacin binding to GyrA A92/A92T/A92P suggested that gepotidacin resistance due to GyrA A92T might be linked to the formation of a new polar contact with DNA.

Conclusions
In silico mining of 33 213 global gonococcal genomes (isolates from 1928 to 2023) showed that A92 is highly conserved in GyrA, while alterations in D86 of ParC are common. No GyrA plus ParC alterations caused gepotidacin resistance. MIC determination and genomic surveillance of potential antimicrobial resistance determinants are imperative.
Leveraging artificial intelligence to summarize abstracts in lay language for increasing research accessibility and transparency
Authors: Shyr Cathy , Grout Randall W , Kennedy Nan , Akdas Yasemin , Tischbein Maeve , Milford Joshua , Tan Jason , Quarles Kaysi , Edwards Terri L , Novak Laurie L , White Jules , Wilkins Consuelo H , Harris Paul A 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective
Returning aggregate study results is an important ethical responsibility to promote trust and inform decision making, but the practice of providing results to a lay audience is not widely adopted. Barriers include significant cost and time required to develop lay summaries and scarce infrastructure necessary for returning them to the public. Our study aims to generate, evaluate, and implement ChatGPT 4 lay summaries of scientific abstracts on a national clinical study recruitment platform, ResearchMatch, to facilitate timely and cost-effective return of study results at scale.

Materials and Methods
We engineered prompts to summarize abstracts at a literacy level accessible to the public, prioritizing succinctness, clarity, and practical relevance. Researchers and volunteers assessed ChatGPT-generated lay summaries across five dimensions: accuracy, relevance, accessibility, transparency, and harmfulness. We used precision analysis and adaptive random sampling to determine the optimal number of summaries for evaluation, ensuring high statistical precision.

Results
ChatGPT achieved 95.9% (95% CI, 92.1–97.9) accuracy and 96.2% (92.4–98.1) relevance across 192 summary sentences from 33 abstracts based on researcher review. 85.3% (69.9–93.6) of 34 volunteers perceived ChatGPT-generated summaries as more accessible and 73.5% (56.9–85.4) more transparent than the original abstract. None of the summaries were deemed harmful. We expanded ResearchMatch’s technical infrastructure to automatically generate and display lay summaries for over 750 published studies that resulted from the platform’s recruitment mechanism.

Discussion and Conclusion
Implementing AI-generated lay summaries on ResearchMatch demonstrates the potential of a scalable framework generalizable to broader platforms for enhancing research accessibility and transparency.
Barriers and facilitators to the uptake of electronic collection and use of patient-reported measures in routine care of older adults: a systematic review with qualitative evidence synthesis
Authors: Hettiarachchi Senarath Gayanika M , Delir Haghighi Pari , Bai Lu , Shannon Michelle M , Andrew Nadine E , Srikanth Velandai , Snowdon David A , O’Connor Denise A 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective
The aims of this systematic review were to (1) synthesize the available qualitative evidence on the barriers and facilitators influencing implementation of the electronic collection and use of patient-reported measures (PRMs) in older adults’ care from various stakeholder perspectives and (2) map these factors to the digital technology implementation framework Non-adoption, Abandonment, challenges to the Scale-up, Spread, Sustainability (NASSS) and behavior change framework Capability, Opportunity, Motivation, Behaviour (COM-B).

Materials and Methods
A search of MEDLINE, CINAHL Plus, and Web of Science databases from 1 January 2001 to 27 October 2021 was conducted and included English language qualitative studies exploring stakeholder perspectives on the electronic collection and use of PRMs in older adults’ care. Two authors independently screened studies, conducted data extraction, quality appraisal using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP), data coding, assessed confidence in review findings using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative Research (GRADE CERQual), and mapped the findings to NASSS and COM-B. An inductive approach was used to synthesize findings describing the stakeholder perspectives of barriers and facilitators.

Results
Twenty-two studies were included from the 3368 records identified. Studies explored older adult, caregiver, healthcare professional, and administrative staff perspectives. Twenty nine of 34 review findings (85%) were graded as having high or moderate confidence. Key factors salient to older adults related to clinical conditions and socio-cultural factors, digital literacy, access to digital technology, and user interface. Factors salient to healthcare professionals related to resource availability to collect and use PRMs, and value of PRMs collection and use.

Conclusion
Future efforts to implement electronic collection and use of PRMs in older adults’ care should consider addressing the barriers, facilitators, and key theoretical domains identified in this review. Older adults are more likely to adopt electronic completion of PRMs when barriers associated with digital technology access, digital literacy, and user interface are addressed. Future research should explore the perspectives of other stakeholders, including those of organizational leaders, digital technology developers and implementation specialists, in various healthcare settings and explore factors influencing implementation of PREMs.

PROSPERO registration number
CRD42022295894
Establishment and activity of the planning and acting network for low dose radiation research in Japan (PLANET): 2016–2023
Authors: Yamada Yutaka , Imaoka Tatsuhiko , Iwasaki Toshiyasu , Kobayashi Junya , Misumi Munechika , Sakai Kazuo , Sugihara Takashi , Suzuki Keiji , Tauchi Hiroshi , Yasuda Hiroshi , Yoshinaga Shinji , Sasatani Megumi , Tanaka Satoshi , Doi Kazutaka , Tomita Masanori , Iizuka Daisuke , Kakinuma Shizuko , Sasaki Michiya , Kai Michiaki 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The Planning and Acting Network for Low Dose Radiation Research in Japan (PLANET) was established in 2017 in response to the need for an all-Japan network of experts. It serves as an academic platform to propose strategies and facilitate collaboration to improve quantitative estimation of health risks from ionizing radiation at low-doses and low-dose-rates. PLANET established Working Group 1 (Dose-Rate Effects in Animal Experiments) to consolidate findings from animal experiments on dose-rate effects in carcinogenesis. Considering international trends in this field as well as the situation in Japan, PLANET updated its priority research areas for Japanese low-dose radiation research in 2023 to include (i) characterization of low-dose and low-dose-rate radiation risk, (ii) factors to be considered for individualization of radiation risk, (iii) biological mechanisms of low-dose and low-dose-rate radiation effects and (iv) integration of epidemiology and biology. In this context, PLANET established Working Group 2 (Dose and Dose-Rate Mapping for Radiation Risk Studies) to identify the range of doses and dose rates at which observable effects on different endpoints have been reported; Working Group 3 (Species- and Organ-Specific Dose-Rate Effects) to consider the relevance of stem cell dynamics in radiation carcinogenesis of different species and organs; and Working Group 4 (Research Mapping for Radiation-Related Carcinogenesis) to sort out relevant studies, including those on non-mutagenic effects, and to identify priority research areas. These PLANET activities will be used to improve the risk assessment and to contribute to the revision of the next main recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection.
Detection of decreased granules in neutrophils by automated hematology analyzers XR-1000 and UniCel DxH 800
Authors: Kato Yosuke , Sakamoto Daisuke , Ohnishi Hiroaki , Taki Tomohiko 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective
This study aimed to investigate the utility of neutrophil-related cell population data obtained by automated hematology analyzers in assessing myelodysplastic syndrome cases with decreased granules in neutrophils.

Methods
A total of 108 subjects were classified into normal granule (n = 35), hypogranulation (n = 37), or hypergranulation (n = 36) groups. Neutrophil cell area and granule area were measured by ImageJ. All samples were analyzed on the XR-1000 and UniCel DxH 800, and neutrophil-related parameters were compared among the 3 groups.

Results
Neutrophil cell area and the ratio of the granular area showed significant differences among the 3 groups; they were the highest in the hypergranulation group and lowest in the hypogranulation group. XR-1000 data showed significant differences in NE-SFL and NE-FSC among the 3 groups (P &lt; .0001). NE-SFL and NE-FSC discriminated most accurately hypogranulation group against other groups. UniCel DxH 800 data showed significant differences in MN-V-NE, MN-MALS-N, MN-UMALS-NE, SD-UMALS-NE (P &lt;.01), MN-LMALS-NE, and SD-LMALS-NE (P &lt;.05) among the 3 groups. The combination of SD-V-NE and SD-LMALS-NE discriminated most accurately the hypogranulation group against the other groups.

Conclusion
NE-SFL and NE-FSC and the combination of SD-V-NE and SD-LMALS-NE are useful in detecting cases with decreased granules in neutrophils.
Diabetic status and the performances of creatinine- and cystatin C–based eGFR equations
Authors: Delanaye Pierre , Björk Jonas , Vidal-Petiot Emmanuelle , Flamant Martin , Ebert Natalie , Schaeffner Elke , Grubb Anders , Christensson Anders , Nyman Ulf , Stehlé Thomas , Pottel Hans 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Background
The estimation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is one tool to detect renal disease. The most used biomarker remains serum creatinine and the European Kidney Function Consortium (EKFCcrea) equation is the most validated in Europe. More recently, cystatin C has been proposed as a biomarker. We studied the performances of the EKFC equations in a large cohort of subjects according to their diabetic status.

Methods
Four cohorts from the EKFC dataset were retrospectively considered in which the diabetic status was available. GFR was measured by plasma clearances (mGFR; iohexol or chromium 51–ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid). The performance of the equations was assessed by calculating bias, precision [interquartile range (IQR)] and P30 (percentage of eGFR values within ±30% of mGFR).

Results
In the whole population (N = 6158), the median age was 61 years (IQR 47–72) and 45.8% were women. The mean mGFR was 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 (IQR 39–82). Compared with non-diabetic individuals (n = 5124), diabetic patients (n = 1034) were older, more frequently male, heavier and had lower mGFR. The performance of the EKFCcys equation was similar to that of the EKFCcrea equation, but the EKFCcrea+cys equation had a better P30 than the single-biomarker equations. P30 values were substantially lower in diabetic patients than in non-diabetic patients, but according to a matched analysis, this is mainly explained by the difference in GFR levels between the two populations, not by diabetic status.

Conclusion
We showed that the equation combining creatinine and cystatin C performed better. If the accuracy of equations seems better in non-diabetic than in diabetic individuals, it is more likely due to differences in GFR levels rather than diabetic status.
Prevalence of Mycoplasma genitalium Infection and Macrolide and Fluoroquinolone Resistance Mutations Among US Air Force Service Members With HIV, 2016–2020
Authors: Hakre Shilpa , Sanders-Buell Eric , Casimier Rosemary O , O’Sullivan Anne Marie , Peel Sheila A , Tovanabutra Sodsai , Scott Paul T , Okulicz Jason F 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) infection is a public health concern due to antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Data are limited on repeat MG infection and AMR among US Air Force service members with HIV.

Methods
US Air Force service members seeking HIV care were screened for MG infection during the surveillance period (16 May 2016–16 March 2020). Baseline and repeat MG prevalence rates were estimated. An extended Cox proportional hazards regression model evaluated characteristics associated with repeat MG infection. MG-positive rectal samples were tested for macrolide or fluoroquinolone resistance.

Results
Among 299 male patients from a total of 308 patients followed during the surveillance period, baseline prevalence of MG infection was 19.7% (n = 59); among the 101 patients who screened positive for MG at any time during the surveillance period, repeat MG was 35% (n = 36). Characteristics independently associated with increased risk of repeat infection were sexually transmitted infection history vs none (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 2.33; 95% CI, 1.26–4.31), a sexually transmitted infection coinfection vs no positive test result in the medical records (aHR, 5.13; 95% CI, 2.78–9.49), and a new HIV diagnosis (&lt;1 vs ≥1 year; aHR, 2.63; 95% CI, 1.45–3.73). AMR in MG-positive rectal specimens was 88% (43/49) indicating macrolide resistance, 18% (10/56) quinolone resistance, and 18% (10/56) both.

Conclusions
Macrolide and fluoroquinolone resistance mutations were common. Testing for co-occurring MG infection and AMR mutations may be warranted in guiding treatment for sexually transmitted infections such as chlamydia or gonorrhea detected at HIV diagnosis.