bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sound velocities for hexagonally close‐packed iron compressed hydrostatically to 136 GPa from phonon density of states
Authors: Gleason A. E. , Mao W. L. , Zhao J. Y. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe phonon density of states of pure iron (57Fe) was measured under hydrostatic conditions using nuclear resonant inelastic X‐ray scattering (NRIXS) at pressures up to 136 GPa. Extracting shear (Vs) and compressional (Vp) wave speeds from the Debye velocity and equation of state, we find the hydrostatic shear wave speed trend above previously collected NRIXS data under nonhydrostatic conditions by roughly 5%–6% in the measured pressure range. Using the Birch Murnaghan finite strain approach to fit pressure‐dependent adiabatic bulk and shear moduli, we extrapolated our velocities to inner Earth core densities and found that our shear wave speeds are 3% higher than those in previous studies. Our results on pure iron provide a more accurate and precise baseline to which added complications (e.g., Ni concentration, inclusion of various light elements, and temperature effects) can be considered when comparing experimental elasticity measurements to inner core seismic data.
The Relative Efficiency of Hired and Family Labour in Bangladesh Agriculture
Authors: Chowdhury Nasima Tanveer 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIn Bangladesh, labour supply is abundant, but land for cultivation is shrinking mainly because of growing human settlement and urbanisation with a very high population density. This study examines whether labour use is efficient in Bangladesh agriculture and analyses the relative efficiency of hired and family labour for three crop seasons. Production functions are estimated using data collected by International Rice Research Institute on expenditures of agricultural inputs and returns on investment from a nationally representative sample of 1928 farm households from all 64 districts of Bangladesh. Results show that family labour is more productive than hired labour in Bangladesh agriculture, which has important policy implications for the rural labour market. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular cloning and functional characterization of MnSOD from Dunaliella salina
Authors: Zhang Shu , Li Xin Ran , Xu Hui , Cao Yu , Ma Shu Han , Cao Yi , Qiao Dairong 
Published: May 2013

AbstractDunaliella salina, a unicellular green alga, has the potential to grow in hypersaline environments via one of its gene products, superoxide dismutase (SOD). The superoxide radicals (O2−) produced by environmental stresses can cause damage to cells, and SOD catalyzes the turnover of such free radicals to protect cells. In this study, the gene coding for SOD in D. salina was cloned and the product was further identified and characterized. The open reading frame of this gene was 651 bp long, encoding for 217 amino acids. According to the sequence alignment using BLAST, native polyacrylamide electrophoresis for SOD activity analysis, and atomic absorption spectroscopy analysis, this protein belongs to the manganese‐containing superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) family. Complementation analysis, performed by introducing plasmids carrying an inducible version of the D. salina gene encoding for MnSOD into an SOD‐deficient mutant of E.coli, revealed that this gene could not only complement the defects in SOD activity, but was also capable of providing a stronger tolerance to restrictive growth conditions, such as high salt and prolonged UV exposure, compared to the tolerance of wild‐type strains.
Removal of petroleum‐crude oil from aqueous solution by Saccharomyces cerevisiae SHSY strain necessitates at least an inducible CYP450ALK homolog gene
Authors: Hanano Abdulsamie , Al‐Arfi Malek , Shaban Mouhnad , Daher Amal , Shamma Motassim 
Published: May 2013

AbstractPetroleum crude‐oil (PCO) components are known to be mutagenic or carcinogenic, and their contamination in soil and aquifer is of great environmental concern. PCO could be degraded by bacteria, fungi, and yeast. In yeast, the family CYP52 (P450ALKs) of Cytochrome P450 was described as n‐alkane‐degrading enzymes. In this study, we isolated a new strain SHSY of Saccharomyces able to grow on hydrocarbons compounds. Morphological and molecular characterization led to identify the isolated yeast SHSY as a Saccharomyces cerevisiae. SHSY strain had a remarkable ability to tolerate a high concentration of PCO and use it as a carbon source. A significant relationship was established between the increase in biomass (42.46 ± 1.01‐fold) and the disappearance of the crude oil (72.34%) in an aqueous solution. A 690‐bp amplicon corresponding to a high conserved region of known CYP450ALK genes was amplified in the genomic DNA of SHSY strain. The sequence of the amplified fragment shared a high identity (71.8%) with CYP52A3 gene of Pichia stipites. The expression of CYP52A3 homolog gene was induced and the expression of both InoP2/InoP4 transcription factor genes in SHSY was stimulated in the presence of PCO. The identified strain SHSY of S. cerevisiae presents an interesting model to minimize the mixed toxicity of PCO in polluted environmental sites.
Influence of sclerotia formation on ligninolytic enzyme production in Morchella crassipes
Authors: Kanwal Harpreet Kaur , Reddy M. Sudhakara 
Published: May 2013

AbstractMorels are wild edible ascomycetous mushrooms that are highly prized because of their medicinal and nutritional qualities. Ligninolytic enzymes are considered as one of the most important enzymes in fungi due to their involvement in fruiting body formation during artificial cultivation on different substrates. In the life cycle of morels, sclerotia are the intermediate stage to form a fruiting body from mycelia. We have studied the production of ligninolytic enzymes by Morchella crassipes MR8 growing on different substrates and during sclerotia formation. This fungus is able to produce ligninolytic enzymes such as laccase (Lac), lignin peroxidase (LiP), and manganese‐dependent peroxidase (MnP) when grown on different substrates. Maximum Lac activity was observed when grown in wheat grains whereas maximum activities of MnP and LiP were observed when grown in rice straw. Laccase enzyme was produced in high titers during sclerotia formation and maturation when grown in combinations of soil and substrates. A large number of sclerotia was observed in soil and wheat grains, along with high titers of laccase. Cellulase activity was observed to be constant during sclerotia formation and maturation. The present study results suggest that laccase enzyme might play an important role in sclerotia formation in morels.
Regional frequency analysis and spatial pattern characterization of Dry Spells in Iran
Authors: Sarhadi Ali , Heydarizadeh Majid 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTThis paper presents a methodology for regional frequency analysis and spatial pattern features of the Annual Maximum Dry Spell Length (AMDSL) as an indicator of drought conditions using the well‐known L‐moments approach and statistical‐based methods. Applying Ward's cluster‐analysis method identifies eight regions with distinctive AMDSL behaviours for Iran. Homogeneity testing indicates that most of these regions are homogenous. The goodness‐of‐fit test ZDist shows that Generalized Logistic; Generalized Extreme Value and Pearson type III, distributions fit best for most regions. The spatial pattern of L‐Moment statistics demonstrates that although the northwestern and northern parts of the country experience short dry spells, these periods are inconstant, and extreme dry spell events may happen in these areas. Almost all spatial mapping of AMDSLs at different probabilistic levels demonstrates that dry spells increase gradually from west to east and from north to south, and the southern parts (especially along the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea) and central areas, including most agricultural lands, stand out as the most sensitive to soil moisture deficits, because of longer lasting droughts. © 2013 Royal Meteorological Society
Contributing factors to adoption of electronic medical records in otolaryngology offices
Authors: Mahboubi Hossein , Salibian Ara A. , Wu Edward C. , Patel Madhukar S. , Armstrong William B. 
Published: May 2013

Objectives/Hypothesis(1) To determine the characteristics of outpatient otolaryngology offices with an electronic medical record (EMR) system, and (2) to compare those characteristics with the trends in surgical and medical specialties.Study DesignCross‐sectional analysis of U.S. representative data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS).MethodsThe 2005 to 2010 NAMCS datasets were analyzed. Physicians' specialty was recoded as otolaryngology, all surgical specialties, and all specialties combined. Physician offices with all‐ or partial‐EMR system adoption were then compared to offices without EMR systems with respect to year; geographic region; urban setting; office setting; practice type; practice ownership; employment status; and revenues from Medicare, Medicaid, private insurance, and patient payment.ResultsUpon univariate analysis, EMR use was significantly higher among otolaryngology practices located in metropolitan areas and practices run or owned by larger groups of practitioners. Sources of patient revenue did not correlate with the likelihood of EMR use. Multivariate analysis revealed that EMR use by otolaryngologists was significantly associated with group practices and offices owned by institutions. Similar associations were observed with surgical specialties combined in addition to a higher EMR usage in practices with more than 25% of total revenue from private insurance.ConclusionsEMR utilization by otolaryngology practices appears similar to that of other specialties, and is more likely in metropolitan areas and larger practice settings. Despite the announcement of incentive programs under Medicare and Medicaid in 2009, EMR usage was not dependent on the percentage of physicians' total revenue from these sources.Level of EvidenceN/A. Laryngoscope, 123:2658–2663, 2013
Factors affecting time to revision sinus surgery for nasal polyps: A 25‐year experience
Authors: Wu Arthur W. , Ting Jonathan Y. , Platt Michael P. , Tierney Hien T. , Metson Ralph 
Published: May 2013

Objectives/HypothesisSurgical treatment for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is often followed by polyp regrowth with return of symptoms. The purpose of this study is to identify clinical factors that influence the time interval to revision sinus surgery in patients with nasal polyps.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.MethodsRecords of 299 individuals who underwent two or more surgeries for the diagnosis of nasal polyps by the senior author (RM) from 1987 through 2011 were reviewed. The time between surgical interventions were compared to patient demographics, comorbidities, endoscopic examination, computed tomography (CT) stage, extent of surgery, and pathologic findings.ResultsThe mean time interval between polyp surgeries was 4.87 ± 3.61 years (range 0.7–18.6 years). The median time to revision surgery was shorter in patients who smoked compared to nonsmokers (2.82 vs. 4.31 years, respectively, P = .022) and longer in patients who underwent middle turbinate resection rather than preservation (4.56 vs. 3.93 years, respectively, P = .048). Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis confirmed these findings, but the beneficial effect of turbinectomy appeared to dissipate by 8 years. Neither a history of asthma nor advanced CT stage influenced the time to revision surgery.ConclusionThe time course between sinus surgeries in patients with regrowth of nasal polyps appears to be affected by certain modifiable extrinsic factors, including smoking on the part of the patient and operative technique on the part of the surgeon. The performance of middle turbinate resection during sinus surgery appears to extend the time interval until a revision procedure is required.Level of Evidence2b. Laryngoscope, 124:29–33, 2014
The Utilization of Isolation Chromophore in an “A3+B2” Type Second‐Order Nonlinear Optical Hyperbranched Polymer
Authors: Wu Wenbo , Ye Cheng , Qin Jingui , Li Zhen 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIn this paper, a new nonlinear optical (NLO) hyperbranched polymer P1 is designed and synthesized successfully through one‐pot “A3+B2” approach via a simple Sonogashira coupling reaction, in which isolation chromophore is introduced to improve its comprehensive performance such as NLO activity, optical transparency, and stability. For comparison, its analogs, P2 and P3, just containing one type of chromophore, are also prepared. Although P1 cannot be well poled under our test conditions, its NLO coefficient is still much higher than its analogs P2, P3, and the linear polyaryleneethynylene P4, which also contains isolation chromophore, indicating the advantages of isolation chromophore and the three‐dimensional (3D) spatial isolation from the highly branched structure in the NLO field.magnified image
Chiral Amplification during Asymmetric‐Induced Copolymerization of Phenylacetylenes with Tight Cis‐Cisoidal Main Chains
Authors: Liu Lijia , Mottate Kazuomi , Zhang Geng , Aoki Toshiki , Kaneko Takashi , Teraguchi Masahiro 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA novel phenylacetylene (1) having two hydroxyl groups and a chiral pinanyl group together with the other three related phenylacetylenes has been synthesized and (co)polymerized by using an achiral catalytic system. Among the four monomers, only 1 is suitable to the asymmetric‐induced polymerization (AIP). Chiral amplification phenomenon is only observed in the copolymerization of 1 with an achiral phenylacetylene having two hydroxyl groups (3). The tight helical cis‐cisoidal main chain formed by making intramolecular hydrogen bonds between the hydroxyl groups in the copoly(1/3) enhances the efficiency of chiral induction and as a result chiral amplification phenomenon is observed during the copolymerization.magnified image
An approximate method for solving a class of nonlinear optimal control problems
Authors: Saberi Nik H. , Effati S. 
Published: May 2013

SUMMARYThis paper presents a novel computational approach to generate the suboptimal solutions for a class of nonlinear optimal control problems (OCP's) with a quadratic performance index. Our method is based on the one‐dimensional differential transform method (DTM) and new polynomials that are called DT's polynomials. This method simplifies the difficulties and massive computational work for calculating the differential transform of nonlinear function. The convergence of proposed method are discussed in detail. This method consists of a new modified version of the DTM together with a shooting method such as procedure, for solving the extreme conditions obtained from the Pontryagin's maximum principle. The results reveal that the proposed methods are very effective and simple. Comparisons are made between new DTM generated results, results from literature, andMATLABbvp4cgenerated results, and good agreement is observed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Southwest Pacific Ocean response to a warming world: Using Mg/Ca, Zn/Ca, and Mn/Ca in foraminifera to track surface ocean water masses during the last deglaciation
Authors: Marr Julene P. , Carter Lionel , Bostock Helen C. , Bolton Annette , Smith Euan 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIn situ measurements of Mg/Ca, Zn/Ca, Mn/Ca, and Ba/Ca in Globigerinoides bulloides and Globigerina ruber from southwest Pacific core top sites and plankton tow are reported and their potential as paleoproxies is explored. The modern samples cover 20° of latitude from 34°S to 54°S, 7–19°C water temperature, and variable influence of subantarctic (SAW) and subtropical (STW) surface waters. Trace element signatures recorded in core top and plankton tow planktic foraminifera are examined in the context of the chemistry and nutrient profiles of their modern water masses. Our observations suggest that Zn/Ca and Mn/Ca may have the potential to trace SAW and STW. Intraspecies and interspecies offsets identified by in situ measurements of Mg/Ca and Zn/Ca indicate that these ratios may also record changes in thermal and nutrient stratification in the upper ocean. We apply these potential proxies to fossilized foraminifera from the high‐resolution core MD97 2121. At the Last Glacial Maximum, surface water Mg/Ca temperature estimates indicate that temperatures were approximately 6–7°C lower than those of the present, accompanied by low levels of Mn/Ca and Zn/Ca and minimal thermal and nutrient stratification. This is consistent with regional dominance of SAW and reduced STW inflow associated with a reduced South Pacific Gyre (SPG). Upper ocean thermal and nutrient stratification collapsed during the Antarctic Cold Reversal, before poleward migration of the zonal winds and ocean fronts invigorated the SPG and increased STW inflow in the early Holocene. Together with reduced winds, this favored a stratified upper ocean from circa 10 ka to the present.
Interstitial 4q deletion associated with a mosaic complementary supernumerary marker chromosome in prenatal diagnosis
Authors: Capalbo Anna , Sinibaldi Lorenzo , Bernardini Laura , Spasari Iolanda , Mancuso Brunella , Maggi Eugenio , Novelli Antonio 
Published: May 2013

What's already known about this topic?

Chromosomal deletion associated with a complementary ring is a very rare cytogenetic finding. Genetic counselling in prenatally ascertained cases without ultrasound defects is extremely complex because this rearrangement has been associated both to normal and abnormal phenotype.What does this study add?

This case elucidates the importance of the integrated approach by microarray‐based and standard cytogenetics analysis to accurately characterize chromosome rearrangements. It prompted to review all the reported cases of proximal 4q deletion to refine the karyotype/phenotype correlation.
Anxiety, depression and defense mechanisms associated with treatment decisional preferences and quality of life in non‐metastatic breast cancer: a 1‐year prospective study
Authors: Hyphantis Thomas , Almyroudi Augoustina , Paika Vassiliki , Degner Lesley F. , Carvalho André F. , Pavlidis Nicholas 
Published: May 2013

AbstractObjectiveTreatment decisional preferences impact breast cancer patients' health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) and may relate to psychological variables, although many aspects of this relationship remain unknown. This prospective study aimed to assess psychological correlates of treatment decisional preferences and predictors of HRQoL in women with early non‐metastatic breast cancer.MethodsOf the 124 women initially assessed for anxiety (Spielberger's State–Trait Anxiety Inventory) and depressive (Center for Epidemiologic Studies‐Depression (CES‐D)) symptoms, HRQoL (WHOQOL‐BREF), and defense mechanisms (Life Style Index), 82 (66.1%) completed the 1‐year follow‐up. Mean age was 54.6 years (SD = 9.76), and mean disease duration was 19.4 months (SD = 25.55); 19.5% had stage I, 63.4% stage II and 17.1% stage III disease. The predictive power and moderator effects of psychological variables were tested using multiple and hierarchical regression models.ResultsDepressive symptoms and physical HRQoL improved significantly, state anxiety and mental and environment HRQoL remained stable, and social relations HRQoL deteriorated over the 1‐year period. Older age (p = 0.021) and higher scores in repression defense (p = 0.044) were independently associated with passive decisional preferences. Earlier stage of cancer (p = 0.043), lower state anxiety (p = 0.039), lower repression scores (p = 0.021) and improvement in depressive symptoms (p < 0.001) predicted physical HRQoL improvement. Moderation analysis showed that active decisional preferences predicted physical HRQoL improvement, but only in those women with lower repression levels.ConclusionsDefense mechanisms are associated with treatment decisional preferences and interact with factors predicting HRQoL in women with breast cancer. Clinicians should address the patients' anxiety and depressive symptoms and refer patients with high repression tendencies for psychological evaluation and management. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multipotent stromal cells induce human regulatory T cells through a novel pathway involving skewing of monocytes toward anti-inflammatory macrophages
Authors: Melief Sara M. , Schrama Ellen , Brugman Martijn H. , Tiemessen Machteld M. , Hoogduijn Martin J. , Fibbe Willem E. , Roelofs Helene 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Multipotent stromal cells (MSC) have been shown to possess immunomodulatory capacities and are therefore explored as a novel cellular therapy. One of the mechanisms through which MSC modulate immune responses is by the promotion of regulatory T cell (Treg) formation. In this study, we focused on the cellular interactions and secreted factors that are essential in this process. Using an in vitro culture system, we showed that culture-expanded bone marrow-derived MSC promote the generation of CD4+CD25hiFoxP3+ T cells in human PBMC populations and that these populations are functionally suppressive. Similar results were obtained with MSC-conditioned medium, indicating that this process is dependent on soluble factors secreted by the MSC. Antibody neutralization studies showed that TGF-β1 mediates induction of Tregs. TGF-β1 is constitutively secreted by MSC, suggesting that the MSC-induced generation of Tregs by TGF-β1 was independent of the interaction between MSC and PBMC. Monocyte-depletion studies showed that monocytes are indispensable for MSC-induced Treg formation. MSC promote the survival of monocytes and induce differentiation toward macrophage type 2 cells that express CD206 and CD163 and secrete high levels of IL-10 and CCL-18, which is mediated by as yet unidentified MSC-derived soluble factors. CCL18 proved to be responsible for the observed Treg induction. These data indicate that MSC promote the generation of Tregs. Both the direct pathway through the constitutive production of TGF-β1 and the indirect novel pathway involving the differentiation of monocytes toward CCL18 producing type 2 macrophages are essential for the generation of Tregs induced by MSC.
Regulation of Trachebronchial Tissue-Specific Stem Cell Pool Size
Authors: Ghosh Moumita , Smith Russell W. , Runkle Christine M. , Hicks Douglas A. , Helm Karen M. , Reynolds Susan D. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTTissue-specific stem cell (TSC) number is tightly regulated in normal individuals but can change following severe injury. We previously showed that tracheobronchial epithelial TSC number increased after severe naphthalene (NA) injury and then returned to normal. This study focused on the fate of the supernumerary TSC and the signals that regulate TSC pool size. We used the Keratin 5-rTA/Histone 2B:green fluorescent protein (GFP) model to purify basal cells that proliferated infrequently (GFPbright) or frequently (GFPdim) after NA injury. Both populations contained TSC but TSCs were 8.5-fold more abundant in the GFPbright population. Interestingly, both populations also contained a unipotential basal progenitor (UPB), a mitotic basal cell subtype whose daughters were terminally differentiated basal cells. The ratio of TSC to UPB was 5:1 in the GFPbright population and 1:5 in the GFPdim population. These data suggested that TSC proliferation in vivo promoted TSC-to-UPB differentiation. To evaluate this question, we cloned TSC from the GFPbright and GFPdim populations and passaged the clones seven times. We found that TSC number decreased and UPB number increased at each passage. Reciprocal changes in TSC and UPB frequency were more dramatic in the GFPdim lineage. Gene expression analysis showed that β-catenin and Notch pathway genes were differentially expressed in freshly isolated TSC derived from GFPbright and GFPdim populations. We conclude that (a) TSC and UPB are members of a single lineage; (b) TSC proliferation in vivo or in vitro promotes TSC-to-UPB differentiation; and (c) an interaction between the β-catenin and Notch pathways regulates the TSC-to-UPB differentiation process. Stem Cells 2013;31:2767–2778