bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Siger de Brabant et la notion d' operans intrinsecum : un coup de maître ?
Authors: Brenet Jean-Baptiste 
Published: June 2013

L’article porte sur la notion d’ operans intrinsecum que Siger de Brabant, en riposte à Thomas d’Aquin, place au centre de son De anima intellectiva pour repenser le rapport de l’intellect au corps. Prenant comme modèle l’automotricité céleste, on montre deux choses : premièrement, que Siger trouve dans l’Aquinate les éléments de sa propre solution (sans qu’il s’agisse d’un pur et simple transfert d’une position thomasienne) ; deuxièmement, qu’il le fait avec pertinence en retrouvant dans Thomas d’Aquin l’une des sources muette, mais décisive, de sa cosmologie : Averroès. Loin d’être l’échappatoire misérable qu’on dénonçait jadis, ni même un premier pas vers la noétique de Thomas, l’« opérant intrinsèque » est le concept subtil et sensé d’un maître venu enrichir de physique averroïste son exégèse contestée du De anima .
Les thomismes de langue allemande au xx e siècle
Authors: Holzer Vincent 
Published: June 2013

Tributaires de sources relativement unifiées, les thomismes de langue allemande au xx e siècle se sont cependant diversifiés en des courants qui ne sauraient être ramenés à des positions parfaitement compatibles. Sous l’impulsion de Joseph Maréchal et de sa large réception, le thomisme allemand au xx e siècle a pris la forme de la question transcendantale , exprimée sous la forme d’une proposition qui se trouva au centre du débat de controverse : « In omni iudicio (...) Esse subsistens implicite attingitur seu cognoscitur ». La thèse formulée par Johannes Baptist Lotz présuppose que la question métaphysique au sujet de l’être intègre la question transcendantale qui ne porte plus sur l’objet à connaître, mais sur le sujet qui dans tout acte de jugement ( Urteil ) accède à la connaissance de la Totalité. C’est le caractère problématique et controversé de cette affirmation cardinale au sujet de l’ esse qui constitue la matière de notre recherche, en vue d’une évaluation critique. En dernière analyse, le thomisme transcendantal se donne pour tâche de dégager un horizon de compréhension qui rende pensable et audible un événement de révélation.
Le thomisme de l'École de Lvov-Varsovie et du Cercle de Cracovie
Authors:  Pouivet Roger 
Published: June 2013

Un thomisme proprement polonais s’est développé au xx e siècle. Il se trouve principalement dans les travaux de Jan Salamucha, un prêtre, de Józef Bocheński, un dominicain, et de Jan Drewnowski, un laïc. Ils formèrent le « Cercle de Cracovie ». Actif dans les années 1930, avant même sa reconnaissance en quelque sorte officielle en 1936, le Cercle de Cracovie disparaît en 1939 quand l’Allemagne à l’Ouest et l’Union soviétique à l’Est envahissent la République de Pologne et prétendent de nouveau éliminer la Pologne de la carte de l’Europe. Ce thomisme polonais, lui, ne disparaît pas. Il se maintient dans les travaux propres du père Bocheński, jusqu’à sa mort en 1995. Après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, on trouve aussi une attention marquée à saint Thomas à l’Université catholique de Lublin, avec Mieczysław Krą̨piec, o. p. ; également à l’Université jagellonne, avec un philosophe et théologien, prêtre, évêque, cardinal et pape, Karol Wojtyła ; et aujourd’hui dans ce qu’on appelle le « thomisme conséquent » du professeur Mieczysław Gogacz, à l’Université Cardinal Wyszyński de Varsovie. L’article met cependant l’accent sur Jan Salamucha et Józef Bocheński. Leur lecture de saint Thomas anticipe qu’on appelle aujourd’hui le « thomisme analytique », voire la « philosophie analytique de la religion » et la « théologie analytique ».
De foi en foi
Authors: Jossua Jean-Pierre 
Published: June 2013

Pierre-André Liégé, o.p., l’apôtre infatigable, l’un des rénovateurs de la catéchèse, a été un théologien original. Malheureusement, il ne reste de lui que quelques articles, des brochures et de petits livres, des contributions à la première Initiation théologique . C’est surtout comme théologien de la foi qu’il a marqué. La présente note passe en revue à ce sujet un certain nombre de ses publications de type catéchétique et analyse l’une des études de l’ Initiation . Un portrait confessant, intellectuel et spirituel est ainsi esquissé.
Conceptualisation des espaces sahéliens chez les auteurs arabes du Moyen Âge
Authors: Ducène Jean-Charles 
Published: June 2013

Si les auteurs arabes médiévaux constituent une source unique pour la connaissance des espaces sahéliens, il n’en reste pas moins que ces observateurs définissent ces régions selon les concepts géographiques ou ethniques du moment (ixe–xe siècle). Les principes directeurs de la géographie de l’époque imposent une définition mathématique et déterminent une ethnographie pour ces contrées, alors que les conditions naturelles semblent légitimer cette vision qui établit une forte différenciation entre les populations du Nord et du Sud du Sahara, ce dernier espace étant plus un lieu de transition qu’une barrière. Ces cadres une fois constitués, les informations recueillies viennent y trouver place sans entraîner une redéfinition de l’ensemble ou en préciser les contours, et ceci malgré la pénétration de l’islam et la densification des relations entre les Arabes et le bilād al-Sūdān, à partir du xiie siècle. Les toponymes se multiplient ainsi que les « observations » culturelles, celles-ci fondées sur le principe que plus le comportement s’éloigne de ce que connaît l’observateur, plus il est remarquable.
Cytopathology of neoplastic meningitis: A series of 66 cases from a tertiary care center
Authors: Singh Gurdeep , Mathur Sandeep R. , Iyer V. K. , Jain Deepali 
Published: June 2013

Background:
Neoplastic meningitis (NM) is a condition characterized by leptomeningeal involvement by metastatic carcinoma. Detection of exfoliated malignant cells in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) due to meningeal metastasis is frequently associated with diverse neurologic presentations.

Materials and Methods:
In this retrospective study of all cases of NM diagnosed in CSF samples over a 20-year period at a tertiary care referral center, the cytomorphologic features were reviewed.

Results:
Sixty six cases of NM were identified of which 36 already had an established diagnosis of malignancy while in 30 patients, there was no previously known tumor. The most common known primary in the former group was breast followed by ovary. Single cell pattern, cellular cannibalism, moderate cytoplasm and rounded nuclei were seen in breast and lung tumors. Papillary architecture and cytoplasmic vacuolation were seen in the ovarian primaries. Melanin pigment was seen in malignant melanoma.

Conclusion:
CSF cytology is an important tool for diagnosis of NM. Cytomorphologic features helped in diagnosis and for prediction of the primary site. Correct identification of this condition is important as it has therapeutic and prognostic implications.
Development and Validation of Analytical Method for Losartan-Copper Complex Using UV-Vis Spectrophotometry
Authors: Ul Hassan Syed S , Zaidi Syeda FA , Tariq Imran , Ansari Muhammad T 
Published: July 2013

Purpose: To develop a new spectrophotometric method for the analysis of losartan potassium in pharmaceutical formulations by making its complex with copper.Method: A coloured complex based on UV/Vis spectroscopic method was developed for the determination of losartan potassium concentration in pharmaceutical formulations in the visible region. The colored complex of losartan was formed with cupric acetate (5:4). Analysis was carried out by the two methods - absorption ratio and calibration curve methods. The proposed method was validated in terms of linearity, accuracy and precision.Results: The λ maximum of the complex was recorded at 530 nm. Beer`s law was obeyed in the range of 10 - 50 μg/ml with a correlation coefficient (r2) of 0.9989. Mean analytical results from the calibration curve and absorption ratio methods were 99.42 and 99.16 % with relative standard deviation (RSD) of 0.97 and 0.82 %, respectively. Mean recovery was between 98.61 and 101.35 % and precision expressed as relative standard deviation (RSD) was 0.91 %.Conclusion: The proposed method is simple, easy to apply, low-cost, and requires relatively inexpensive instruments. Thus, it is a suitable alternative to currently used spectrophotometric methods for the determination of losartan in bulk and solid dosage forms.Keywords: Losartan, Copper complex, Spectrophotometry, Validation
Comparison of Reproducibility of Natural Head Position using Two Methods
Authors: Sanjay N , Khan Abdul Rahim , Rajesh RNG , Dinesh MR , Girish KS , Venkataraghavan Karthik 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT
Lateral cephalometric radiographs have become virtually indispensable to orthodontists in the treatment of patients. They are important in orthodontic growth analysis, diagnosis, treatment planning, monitoring of therapy and evaluation of final treatment outcome.

Aim
The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the maximum reproducibility with minimum variation of natural head position using two methods, i.e. the mirror method and the fluid level device method.

Materials and methods
The study included two sets of 40 lateral cephalograms taken using two methods of obtaining natural head position: (1) The mirror method and (2) fluid level device method, with a time interval of 2 months.
Inclusion criteria
• Subjects were randomly selected aged between 18 to 26 years
Exclusion criteria
• History of orthodontic treatment
• Any history of respiratory tract problem or chronic mouth breathing
• Any congenital deformity
• History of traumatically-induced deformity
• History of myofacial pain syndrome
• Any previous history of head and neck surgery.

Results
The result showed that both the methods for obtaining natural head position—the mirror method and fluid level device method were comparable, but maximum reproducibility was more with the fluid level device as shown by the Dahlberg's coefficient and Bland-Altman plot. The minimum variance was seen with the fluid level device method as shown by Precision and Pearson correlation.

Conclusion
The mirror method and the fluid level device method used for obtaining natural head position were comparable without any significance, and the fluid level device method was more reproducible and showed less variance when compared to mirror method for obtaining natural head position.

Clinical significance
Fluid level device method was more reproducible and shows less variance when compared to mirror method for obtaining natural head position.

How to cite this article
Khan AR, Rajesh RNG, Dinesh MR, Sanjay N, Girish KS, Venkataraghavan K. Comparison of Reproducibility of Natural Head Position using Two Methods. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(1):31-39.
Clinical Evaluation of Caries Removal in Primary Teeth using Conventional, Chemomechanical and Laser Technique: An in vivo Study
Authors: Bohari Mariya R , Chunawalla Yusuf K , Ahmed Bijle Mohammed Nadeem 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

Aim
To evaluate four different techniques of caries excavation in primary teeth in terms of efficacy, efficiency and pain experienced during the procedure.

Materials and methods
Sample of 120 teeth from children aged 5 to 9 years were equally divided into 4 groups – Air rotor (group A), Carisolv (group B), Papacarie (group C) and Er:YAG laser (group D). Visual and tactile criteria along with DIAGNOdent pen value was used to evaluate efficacy. Time was recorded to determine efficiency and FLACC scale was used to assess the pain experienced.

Results
Air rotor and laser were more effective and efficient method whereas laser and CMCR methods were more comfortable methods.

Conclusion
Laser irradiation and CMCR methods are comparable to conventional methods in terms of effectiveness and are less painful methods.

Clinical significance
Newer techniques of CMCR and laser irradiation of dentinal caries are minimally invasive methods and are less painful and thus should be more frequently employed in pediatric dentistry.

How to cite this article
Bohari MR, Chunawalla YK, Ahmed BMN. Clinical Evaluation of Caries Removal in Primary Teeth using Conventional, Chemomechanical and Laser Technique: An in vivo Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(1):40-47.
Grape Seed Extract as a Potential Remineralizing Agent: A Comparative in vitro Study
Authors: Benjamin Shiny , LNU Roshni , Thomas Sabeena Susan , Nainan Mohan Thomas 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

Objective
Remineralization is an effective treatment that may stop or reverse early tooth decay. Grape seed extract (GSE) is the potential remineralizing agent under investigation.

Materials and methods
Sound human tooth sections were obtained from the cervical portion of the root and stored in demineralizing solution at 37°C for 96 hours to induce artificial root caries lesions. The sections were divided into four treatment groups including 6.5% grape seed extract, sodium monofluorophosphate (220 ppm) with 0.05% calcium glycerophosphate, 0.5% calcium glycerophosphate and control (no treatment). An in vitro pH cycling model was used to cycle the demineralized specimens through treatment solutions, acidic buffer and neutral buffer for 8 days at 6 cycles per day. Subsequently, they were evaluated using confocal laser scanning microscope. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (p < 0.05).

Results
GSE revealed less demineralization and more remineralization compared with other groups.

Conclusion
GSE promotes remineralization of artificial root caries lesions.

Clinical significance
The search for the perfect remineralizing agent continues to this day. GSE could be a welcome addition to the remineralization armamentarium.

Abbreviations and acronyms
GSE: Grape seed extract; ppm: Parts per million; CaGP: Calcium glycerophosphate; CLSM: Confocal laser scanning microscope; ANOVA: Analysis of variance; PA: Proanthocyanidin; CEJ: Cementoenamel junction; mM: Millimole; CaCl2.2H2O: Calcium chloride dihydrate; KH2PO4: Potassium dehydrate phosphate; K2HPO4: Dipotassium phosphate; dH2O: Deionized water; w/v: Weight by volume; ROD: Relative optical density; nm: Nanometer; SD: Standard deviation.

How to cite this article
Benjamin S, Roshni, Thomas SS, Nainan MT. Grape Seed Extract as a Potential Remineralizing Agent: A Comparative in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(4):425-430.
Comparative Study of the Antimicrobial Effect of Three Irrigant Solutions (Chlorhexidine, Sodium Hypochlorite and Chlorhexidinated MUMS)
Authors: Jafarzadeh Hamid , Bidar Maryam , Hooshiar Sepideh , Naderinasab Mahboubeh , Moazzami Mostafa , Orafaee Hossein , Naghavi Neda 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

Aim
To compare the antimicrobial effect of 2% chlorhexidine, 2.5% sodium hypochlorite and MUMS containing 2% chlorhexidine.

Materials and methods
All of the above irrigants were examined on Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mutans, Candida albicans, Lactobacillus casei and E.coli. A total of 0.5 CC of each solution and 0.5 CC of McFarland solution bacterium were added to each examination tube. After 15, 30 and 45 minutes, colony count was performed for each tube. The difference in the number of bacteria indicated the effect taken by disinfectant material.

Results
MUMS containing chlorhexidine showed the antimicrobial properties just like chlorhexidine's effect against E.coli, Streptococcus mutans, Candida albicans, Enterococcus faecalis and Lactobacillus casei in preventing these entire microorganisms to incubate. Sodium hypochlorite was not effective against Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans incubated in 15, 30 and 45 minutes and Enterococcus faecalis in 15 minutes.

Conclusion
MUMS has antimicrobial properties similar to chlorhexidine.

Clinical significance
As MUMS containing chlorhexidine can transfer chlorhexidine through its own surfactant around apical area and it can open the dentinal tubules by its own chelator for more penetration of chlorhexidine, it may be a choice for canal irrigation.

How to cite this article
Bidar M, Hooshiar S, Naderinasab M, Moazzami M, Orafaee H, Naghavi N, Jafarzadeh H. Comparative Study of the Antimicrobial Effect of Three Irrigant Solutions (Chlorhexidine, Sodium Hypochlorite and Chlorhexidinated MUMS). J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(4): 436-439.
Dynamic Model of Hydrogen Peroxide Diffusion Kinetics into the Pulp Cavity
Authors: Kwon So Ran , Yiming Li , Oyoyo Udochukwu , Aprecio Raydolfo M 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

Aim
To measure the time course hydrogen peroxide penetration into the pulp cavity and evaluate short-term tooth color changes after bleaching.

Materials and methods
Twenty extracted human canines were sectioned, pulp tissue removed and the cavity enlarged. Teeth were painted with nail varnish to leave a 6-mm diameter circle on the buccal surface. Baseline color was measured spectrophotometrically.
Teeth were randomized into a control group (n = 10) treated with 30 μl of glycerin base and a bleaching group (n = 10) exposed to 30 μl of 40% hydrogen peroxide for 1 hour. A linear low density polyethylene wrap was placed to prevent evaporation of the material. Acetate buffer was placed into the cavity and replenished every 10 minutes and placed into plastic tubes. Hydrogen peroxide amount was estimated spectrophotometrically using leukocrystal violet and horseradish peroxidase. Specimen color was remeasured immediately after bleaching, 1 hour, 1 day 1, 2 and 6 weeks postbleaching. Color change was measured per Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage methodology.
Mann-Whitney procedure was used to assess baseline color measurements and total hydrogen peroxide penetration amount. Friedman's test was used to assess within group differences for color change and hydrogen peroxide penetration.

Results
There was significantly greater hydrogen peroxide penetration in the bleaching group (p < 0.05). Hydrogen peroxide penetration levels were constant throughout the 1-hour evaluation period in the bleaching group. The groups showed no difference at baseline with respect to any of L*a*b color measurements (p > 0.05). The postbleaching color measurement showed an increase of change in overall color (ΔE) and lightness (ΔL) up to 1 week followed by a gradual stabilization up to 6 weeks.

Conclusion
This dynamic model provided information about the time course diffusion kinetics into the pulp cavity, demonstrating constant penetration of hydrogen peroxide into the pulp cavity during a 1-hour bleaching session.

Clinical significance
A prolonged application of 40% hydrogen peroxide bleaching material for 1 hour produces constant penetration of hydrogen peroxide into the pulp cavity in vitro.

How to cite this article
Kwon SR, Li Y, Oyoyo U, Aprecio RM. Dynamic Model of Hydrogen Peroxide Diffusion Kinetics into the Pulp Cavity. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(4):440-445.
Effects of Citric Acid and EDTA on Periodontally Involved Root Surfaces: A SEM Study
Authors: Prasad Sunkara Shree Ramalinga , Radharani Chitturi , Varma Siddhartha , Kumar SV Kiran , Sinha Soumya , Ahmed Bijle Mohammed Nadeem 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

Aim
Root debridement by scaling and root planing may not completely remove contaminated cementum particularly in more apical areas. The smear layer formed during root planing inhibits cell migration and attachment leading to impaired marginal periodontal healing. The present study was done to compare the morphological effects of root surface demineralization using citric acid and EDTA as root-conditioning agents.

Materials and methods
Thirty fragments of human dental roots previously exposed to periodontal disease were scaled and randomly divided into the following groups of treatment: Group I: Hand instrumentation and conditioning with normal saline for 5 minutes as control; group II: Hand instrumentation and conditioning with citric acid (pH 1) for 5 minutes and group III: Hand instrumentation and conditioning with EDTA (pH-7.4) for 5 minutes. Scanning electron microscopy was used to check for the presence of residual smear layer and for measuring the number and area of exposed dentin tubules.

Results
The mean efficacy of smear layer removal was compared between groups I and II, groups I and III and groups II and III, it was found to be statistically significant at 5%. When the mean diameter of the dentinal tubules and mean total surface area occupied by the dentinal tubule orifices was compared between groups II and III it was found to be statistically significant at 1% level of significance.

Conclusion
Citric acid causes greater degree of morphological alterations than EDTA and is considered to be a better rootconditioning agent. However, the use of EDTA cannot be ruled out.

Clinical significance
This study supports the hypothesis that demineralizing agents can be used as an adjunct to the periodontal treatment aiming at restoring the biocompatibility of roots and helps in choosing an appropriate agent for root conditioning.

How to cite this article
Prasad SSR, Radharani C, Varma S, Kumar SVK, Sinha S, Bijle MNA. Effects of Citric Acid and EDTA on Periodontally Involved Root Surfaces: A SEM study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(4):446-451.
In vitro Caries-Preventive Effect of Fluoridated Orthodontic Resins against Cariogenic Challenge Stimulation
Authors: Jawale Bhushan Arun , Patil Neeraj , Redasani Rahul , Chaudhari Lalit , Garde JB , Chauhan Vivek Singh 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

Aim
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro caries preventive effect of fluoridated orthodontic resins under pH cycling with two types of acid demineralizing saliva.

Materials and methods
Brackets were bonded to 120 extracted human premolars, using Rely-a-bond (n = 40), Tru- Bond (n = 40) and Ortho-one (n = 40) orthodontic bonding agents. Each group of resin was divided into 2 subgroups (n = 20): immersion in remineralizing artificial saliva for 14 days and acid saliva with pH 4.3. After 14 days of pH cycling the caries preventive effect on the development of white spot lesion was evaluated considering the presence of inhibition zones to white spot lesions using two scores: 0 = absence and 1 = presence. Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA and Mann-Whitney U tests were used.

Results
Formation of white spot lesions was observed only under pH cycling using acid saliva with pH 4.3; with Rely-a-bond and Tru-Bond being significantly more effective in preventing the appearance of white spot lesions effect than Ortho-one.

Conclusion
The acidity of the demineralizing solution influenced the formation of white spot lesions around orthodontic brackets under highly cariogenic conditions. Rely-a-bond and Tru-bond presented higher caries-preventive effect than Orthoone.

Clinical significance
The development of fluoride-containing materials cannot be regarded as a permanent means to control dental caries lesions, but a complement along with other preventive methods.

How to cite this article
Patil N, Jawale B, Redasani R, Chaudhari L, Garde JB, Chauhan VS. In vitro Caries-Preventive Effect of Fluoridated Orthodontic Resins against Cariogenic Challenge Stimulation. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(4):452-455.