bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What does optimization theory actually predict about crown profiles of photosynthetic capacity when models incorporate greater realism?
Authors: BUCKLEY THOMAS N. , CESCATTI ALESSANDRO , FARQUHAR GRAHAM D. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractMeasured profiles of photosynthetic capacity in plant crowns typically do not match those of average irradiance: the ratio of capacity to irradiance decreases as irradiance increases. This differs from optimal profiles inferred from simple models. To determine whether this could be explained by omission of physiological or physical details from such models, we performed a series of thought experiments using a new model that included more realism than previous models. We used ray‐tracing to simulate irradiance for 8000 leaves in a horizontally uniform canopy. For a subsample of 500 leaves, we simultaneously optimized both nitrogen allocation (among pools representing carboxylation, electron transport and light capture) and stomatal conductance using a transdermally explicit photosynthesis model. Few model features caused the capacity/irradiance ratio to vary systematically with irradiance. However, when leaf absorptance varied as needed to optimize distribution of light‐captureN, the capacity/irradiance ratio increased up through the crown – that is, opposite to the observed pattern. This tendency was counteracted by constraints on stomatal or mesophyll conductance, which caused chloroplasticCO2concentration to decline systematically with increasing irradiance. Our results suggest that height‐related constraints on stomatal conductance can help to reconcile observations with the hypothesis that photosyntheticNis allocated optimally.
Pediatric Primary Follicular Mucinosis: Further Evidence of its Relationship with Mycosis Fungoides
Authors: Santos‐Briz Angel , Cañueto Javier , García‐Dorado Jesus , Teresa Alonso M. , Balanzategui Ana , González‐Díaz Marcos 
Published: March 2013

AbstractFollicular mucinosis (FM) is an uncommon reaction pattern in which the accumulation of mucin in the follicular epithelium is the main pathologic finding. FM may be idiopathic (primary follicular mucinosis [PFM]), in association with mycosis fungoides or cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma, or in association with other neoplastic and inflammatory conditions. Herein we report a case of PFM with identical T‐cell clone rearrangement at anatomically distinct sites, supporting the idea that some authors have proposed, that FM may represent a low‐grade lymphoproliferative disease related to mycoses fungoides with favorable prognosis.
Indirect support seeking and perceptions of spousal support: An examination of a reciprocal relationship
Authors: DON BRIAN P. , MICKELSON KRISTIN D. , BARBEE ANITA P. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIndirect support seeking has been theoretically identified as a support seeking strategy that may backfire and elicit negative responses or decreases in positive support. Moreover, past support responses that are either inadequate or negative have been theoretically linked to the use of indirect support seeking. Yet, no empirical studies have examined the potential reciprocal relation between indirect support seeking and perceived support in intimate relationships. Utilizing data from 204 new parents, we tested longitudinal cross‐lagged path models to examine the reciprocal relation between indirect support seeking and support perceptions. Results provided partial support for a reciprocal relation between indirect support seeking and perceived negative support responses. Furthermore, indirect support seeking negatively predicted relationship satisfaction across time, through perceived negative support responses.
Measuring family management of transplant tasks: The transplant responsibility questionnaire
Authors: Kullgren Kristin A. , Hmiel S. Paul , Gevers Anik 
Published: March 2013

AbstractLittle is known about how parents and youth perceive their roles in post‐transplant management and how this relates to post‐transplant adherence. The goals of this study are to (1) describe a new measure, the TRQ, (2) to describe parent and child performance on the TRQ, and to (3) determine the relationship between the TRQ and adherence. We hypothesized that older youth would describe higher post‐transplant self‐care behaviors, parents would underestimate youth self‐care, and greater parent involvement would be associated with better adherence. Participants included 59 parent–child dyads. Inclusion criteria included: (i) youth aged 7–18 yr and (ii) at least three months post‐kidney or post‐liver transplant. Parents and youth completed the TRQ, and adherence was measured by s.d. of sequential immunosuppressant blood levels. Youth perceived greater levels of self‐care than their parents perceived. Older youth reportedly engaged in more self‐care than younger youth. Less than 25% of the sample was non‐adherent, and non‐adherence was unrelated to performance on the TRQ. The TRQ may have utility as a clinical tool to address areas for improvement in youth self‐care. The high degree of parental involvement likely explains the high degree of adherence in this sample.
“Theism, Naturalism, and Meta‐Ethics”
Authors: Jordan Matthew C. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe relationship between God and morality has been a topic of philosophical discussion since Socrates engaged Euthyphro in the agora. In recent years, it has received a lot of attention, as theistic philosophers have attempted to show that divine command theory and other theistic meta‐ethical accounts are defensible. Whether metaphysical naturalism is compatible with moral realism is a related (and equally controversial) topic. This essay surveys the main issues in these debates.
Different Glycosylation Pattern of Human IgG1 and IgG3 Antibodies Isolated from Transiently as well as Permanently Transfected Cell Lines
Authors: Vestrheim A. C. , Moen A. , Egge‐Jacobsen W. , Bratlie D. B. , Michaelsen T. E. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe effector functions of IgG depend on the presence of carbohydrates attached to asparagine 297 in the Fc‐portion. In this report, glycosylation profiles of recombinant wild‐type and mutant IgG1 and IgG3 antibodies produced from three cell lines were analysed using LC‐ESI‐Orbitrap. Clear differences were detected between IgG1 and IgG3 glycoforms, where IgG1 generally contained fucosylated glycoforms, whilst IgG3 mainly were non‐fucosylated. When using NS‐0 and J558L cells for permanent transfection, IgG1 wt glycoforms differed between the two cell lines, whilst IgG3 wt glycoforms did not. Transiently transfected HEK 293E cells were used to produce IgG1 and IgG3 wt and mutants, affecting complement activation. Cell supernatants were harvested at early and late time points and analysed separately. IgGs harvested late showed simpler and less developed glycosylation structure compared to those harvested early. The IgG harvested early was slightly more effective in complement activation than those harvested late, whilst the antibody‐dependent cell‐mediated cytotoxicity was unaltered. Generally, the glycosylation pattern of the mutants tested, including a hinge truncate mutant of IgG3, did not differ significantly from the wild‐type IgGs. The striking difference in glycosylation pattern of IgG1 compared to IgG3 therefore appears not to be due to the long hinge region of IgG3 (62 amino acids) relative to the IgG1 hinge region (15 amino acids). Furthermore, mutation variants at or near the C1q binding site showed similar glycosylation structure and difference in their complement activation activity observed earlier is thus most likely due to differences in protein structure only.
Effect of NPK and biofertilizer on date palm trees grown in Siwa Oasis, Egypt
Authors: Ibrahim M. M. , El‐Beshbeshy R. T. , Kamh N. R. , Abou‐Amer A. I. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe effect of applying chemical fertilizers alone or in combination with biofertilizer on the growth, yield and fruit quality and leaf mineral nutrient content of Sewy date palm was investigated in three successive seasons from 2004 to 2006. This study was carried out at the Siwa Oasis in the western desert of Egypt between longitude 25°18′ and 26°06′ E and latitudes 29°05′ and 29°20′ N. Chemical fertilizer applications were 1.2 or 1.5 kg N/tree, 0.065 or 0.044 kg P/tree and 0.250 or 0.420 kg K/tree. Nitrogen and potassium were given as three split applications, whereas P was mixed with organic manure (40 kg/palm tree) and supplied as a single application. Biofertilizer treatments were applied at both rates of N, P and K. The control treatment was the existing nutrient application of just 40 kg of organic sheep manure/tree/year, given as a single application. The results indicated that the application of the larger amounts of N, P and K increased the number of leaves and bunches per palm, fruit yield and total sugar content with a high level of fruit quality and production economics. In addition, this treatment increased the mineral content of leaves and reduced the biennial bearing phenomenon of Sewy date palm.
Risk factors for hospital admission due to acute lower respiratory tract infection in Guarani indigenous children in southern Brazil: a population‐based case‐control study
Authors: Cardoso Andrey M. , Coimbra Carlos E. A. , Werneck Guilherme L. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo assess risk factors associated with hospital admission due to acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRTI) in indigenous Guarani children <5 years of age in southern Brazil.MethodsPopulation‐based matched case–control study from May 2007 to June 2008 in 81 Guarani villages. Cases were defined as hospital admissions due to confirmed ALRTI. Two controls free from acute respiratory infection, matched according to age, sex and place of residence, were selected for each case at the time of the case's hospitalisation. Both cases and controls were recruited by a surveillance routine established for the study.ResultsThe analysis was performed on 120 cases and 201 controls. The risk factors that remained significantly associated with hospitalisation due to ALRTI in the hierarchical multivariate conditional logistic regression were: low stable monthly per capita household income (<US$30.00 = OR: 2.77, IC95%: 1.51–5.10; no income= OR: 1.88, IC95%: 1.02–3.47); large number of persons in the household (6–9 = OR: 2.03, IC95%: 1.06–3.88; 10–16 = OR: 5.00, IC95%: 1.81–13.86); indoor exposure to fumes from burning firewood used for cooking (OR: 3.08, IC95%: 1.39–6.84);low maternal age (OR: 2.77, IC95%: 1.42–5.39); and low birthweight (OR: 6.12, IC95%: 1.44–26.13).ConclusionAcute respiratory infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality among Guarani children. Our study provides the first evidence about their determinants in indigenous peoples in Brazil that can help to better understand the epidemiology of respiratory infections in indigenous children.
BSKs are partially redundant positive regulators of brassinosteroid signaling in Arabidopsis
Authors: Sreeramulu Shivakumar , Mostizky Yana , Sunitha Sukumaran , Shani Eilon , Nahum Hadas , Salomon Dor , Hayun Liat Ben , Gruetter Christian , Rauh Daniel , Ori Naomi , Sessa Guido 
Published: March 2013

SummaryArabidopsis thaliana brassinosteroid signaling kinases (BSKs) constitute a receptor‐like cytoplasmic kinase sub‐family (RLCK‐XII) with 12 members. Previous analysis demonstrated a positive role for BSK1 and BSK3 in the initial steps of brassinosteroid (BR) signal transduction. To investigate the function of BSKs in plant growth and BR signaling, we characterized T‐DNA insertion lines for eight BSK genes (BSK1–BSK8) and multiple mutant combinations. Simultaneous elimination of three BSK genes caused alterations in growth and the BR response, and the most severe phenotypes were observed in the bsk3,4,7,8 quadruple and bsk3,4,6,7,8 pentuple mutants, which displayed reduced rosette size, leaf curling and enhanced leaf inclination. In addition, upon treatment with 24‐epibrassinolide, these mutants showed reduced hypocotyl elongation, enhanced root growth and alteration in the expression of BR‐responsive genes. Some mutant combinations also showed antagonistic interactions. In support of a redundant function in BR signaling, multiple BSKs interacted in vivo with the BR receptor BRI1, and served as its phosphorylation substrates in vitro. The BIN2 and BIL2 GSK3‐like kinases, which are negative regulators of BR signaling, interacted in vivo with BSKs and phosphorylated them in vitro, probably at different sites to BRI1. This study demonstrates redundant biological functions for BSKs, and suggests the existence of a regulatory link between BSKs and GSK3‐like kinases.
Lenograstim compared to filgrastim for the mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells in healthy donors
Authors: Pérez‐López Olga , Martín‐Sánchez Jesús , Parody‐Porras Rocío , Espigado‐Tocino Ildefonso , Noguerol Pilar , Carmona‐González Magdalena , Pérez‐Simón José A. 
Published: March 2013

BackgroundRecombinant human granulocyte–colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) is used to mobilize hematopoietic stem cells for both autologous and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The recombinant products clinically available are lenograstim and filgrastim, which differ from a biologic point of view as well as from their economical impact. In this regard, some studies have shown different in vitro activities although clinical studies comparing both drugs in the allogeneic transplant setting are scanty.Study Design and MethodsIn the current study we compare the efficacy of lenograstim and filgrastim in terms of number of circulating CD34+ cells/μL during the fifth day of G‐CSF administration, the number of days of apheresis required to obtain the target cell dose, the median of CD34+ cells collected on the first day of apheresis, or the median number of total CD34+ cells collected at the end of the procedure, in a series of 146 healthy donors undergoing hematopoietic stem cell mobilization for allogeneic transplantation.ResultsWe observed that, using a comparable dose for the two products, no significant differences were observed between the two groups.ConclusionIn conclusion, the current retrospective study shows that lenograstim and filgrastim are similar in terms of efficacy for the mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells in healthy donors.
Xenotransplantation of human unrestricted somatic stem cells in a pig model of acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Gahremanpour Amir , Vela Deborah , Zheng Yi , Silva Guilherme V. , Fodor William , Cardoso Cristiano O. , Baimbridge Fred , Fernandes Marlos R. , Buja L. Maximilian , Perin Emerson C. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackgroundStem cell therapy may help restore cardiac function after acute myocardial infarction (AMI), but the optimal therapeutic cell type has not been identified.MethodsWe examined the effects of CD34‐/CD45‐ human unrestricted somatic stem cells (USSCs) in pigs (n = 30) with an AMI created by a 90‐min occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Pigs were randomly assigned to receive either USSCs (302 ± 23 × 106 cells) or phosphate‐buffered saline via 15 NOGA‐guided transendocardial injections 10 days after AMI. Cyclosporine A (10 mg/kg orally, twice a day) was started in all pigs 3 days before control or cell treatment. Cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography before injection and at 4 and 8 weeks after treatment. Serum titers for pig IgG antibodies against USSCs were also measured at these time points and before AMI.ResultsCompared with control pigs, USSC‐treated pigs showed no significant differences in any of the functional parameters examined. USSC‐treated pigs showed variable increases in anti‐USSC IgG antibody titers in the blood and chronic inflammatory infiltrates at the cell injection sites. Immunohistochemical studies of the injection sites using human anti‐mitochondrial antibodies failed to detect implanted USSCs.ConclusionsWe conclude that human USSCs did not improve cardiac function in a pig model of AMI. Cell transplantation in a xenogeneic setting may obscure the benefits of stem cell therapy.
Validity of automated x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy algorithm to determine the amount of substance and the depth distribution of atoms
Authors: Tougaard Sven 
Published: March 2013

The author reports a systematic study of the range of validity of a previously developed algorithm for automated x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis, which takes into account the variation in both peak intensity and the intensity in the background of inelastically scattered electrons. This test was done by first simulating spectra for the Au4d peak with gold atoms distributed in the form of a wide range of nanostructures, which includes overlayers with varying thickness, a 5 Å layer of atoms buried at varying depths and a substrate covered with an overlayer of varying thickness. Next, the algorithm was applied to analyze these spectra. The algorithm determines the number of atoms within the outermost 3 λ of the surface. This amount of substance is denoted AOS3λ (where λ is the electron inelastic mean free path). In general the determined AOS3λ is found to be accurate to within ∼10–20% depending on the depth distribution of the atoms. The algorithm also determines a characteristic length L, which was found to give unambiguous information on the depth distribution of the atoms for practically all studied cases. A set of rules for this parameter, which relates the value of L to the depths where the atoms are distributed, was tested, and these rules were found to be generally valid with only a few exceptions. The results were found to be rather independent of the spectral energy range (from 20 to 40 eV below the peak energy) used in the analysis.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae Strain hvKP1, Isolated in Buffalo, New York
Authors: Russo Thomas A. , Gill Steven R. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACT

Hypervirulent variants of
Klebsiella pneumoniae
have been primarily reported in the Asian Pacific Rim, but they are spreading across the globe. We report the sequence of
K. pneumoniae
strain hvKP1, which caused liver-splenic abscesses in an otherwise healthy 24-year-old from Buffalo, NY, which will assist in determining why these variants are more pathogenic than “classic”
K. pneumoniae
strains.
Evaluation of Real-Time PCR, Galactomannan Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), and a Novel Lateral-Flow Device for Diagnosis of Invasive Aspergillosis
Authors: White P. Lewis , Parr Christian , Thornton Christopher , Barnes Rosemary A. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACT
Diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis (IA) remains challenging. With a relatively low incidence of disease, the use of expensive empirical antifungal therapy exposes many patients to unnecessary toxicity. Diagnosis places emphasis on specific but temporal radiological evidence. Circulating biomarker diagnosis has shown potential, but assays show variable performance, take several hours to perform, and require a degree of technical ability. A novel and simple lateral-flow device (LFD) using monoclonal antibody JF5, which targets an extracellular glycoprotein, has been developed and potentially removes any technical requirements, reducing processing time considerably. In this study, we evaluate the performance of this LFD compared to real-time PCR (targeting the 28S rRNA gene) and galactomannan (GM) detection when testing serum from a European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Invasive Fungal Infections Cooperative Group, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group (EORTC/MSG)-defined hematological population. In a proven/probable-IA population versus a no-IA population, the LFD performance was comparable to that of both PCR and galactomannan enzyme immunoassay. Specificity (98.0%) was similar to that of PCR (96.6%) and slightly superior to that of GM (91.5%). Sensitivity (81.8%) was inferior to that of PCR (95.5%) but better than that of GM (77.3%). In combination with PCR, it provided both 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity. The LFD permits rapid testing of easily obtainable specimens, to be used as an adjunct test, before confirmation by other investigations. Its simplicity provides centers without specialist diagnostics with a test with clinical performance superior to that of classical microbiological approaches and results that can be used to direct antifungal management. In summary, microbiological diagnosis of IA is difficult and options are limited, with variable performance. An LFD assay targeting a novel specific biomarker has been developed, one which is methodologically simple and provides good clinical performance, particularly if combined with PCR.
Colistin MIC Variability by Method for Contemporary Clinical Isolates of Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacilli
Authors: Hindler Janet A. , Humphries Romney M. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACT

In vitro
evaluation of colistin susceptibility is fraught with complications, due in part to the inherent cationic properties of colistin. In addition, no reference method has been defined against which to compare the results of colistin susceptibility testing. This study systematically evaluated the available methods for colistin MIC testing in two phases. In phase I, colistin MICs were determined in 107 fresh clinical isolates of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) by broth microdilution with polysorbate 80 (BMD-T), broth macrodilution (TDS), and the Etest. In phase II, 50 of these isolates, 10 of which were colistin resistant, were tested in parallel using BMD-T, TDS, agar dilution, broth microdilution without polysorbate 80 (BMD), and the TREK Gram-negative extra MIC format (GNXF) Sensititre. The Etest was also performed on these 50 isolates using Mueller-Hinton agar (MHA) from three different manufacturers. Colistin MIC results obtained from the five methods were compared to the MIC results obtained using BMD-T, the method that enables the highest nominal concentration of colistin in the test medium. Essential agreement ranged from 34% (BMD) to 83% (TDS), whereas categorical agreement was >90% for all methods except for BMD, which was 88%. Very major errors (VMEs) (i.e., false susceptibility) for the Etest were found in 47 to 53% of the resistant isolates, depending on the manufacturer of the MHA that was used. In contrast, VMEs were found for 10% (
n
= 1) of the resistant isolates by BMD and 0% of the isolates by the TDS, agar dilution, and Sensititre methods. Based on these data, we urge clinical laboratories to be aware of the variable results that can occur when using different methods for colistin MIC testing and, in particular, to use caution with the Etest.