bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feeding by Heterotrophic Dinoflagellates and Ciliates on the Free‐living Dinoflagellate Symbiodinium sp. (Clade E)
Authors: Jeong Hae Jin , Lim An Suk , Yoo Yeong Du , Lee Moo Joon , Lee Kyung Ha , Jang Tae Young , Lee Kitack 
Published: October 2013

AbstractTo investigate heterotrophic protists grazing on Symbiodinium sp., we tested whether the common heterotrophic dinoflagellates Gyrodinium dominans, Gyrodinium moestrupii, Gyrodinium spirale, Oblea rotundata, Oxyrrhis marina, and Polykrikos kofoidii and the ciliates Balanion sp. and Parastrombidinopsis sp. preyed on the free‐living dinoflagellate Symbiodinium sp. (clade E). We measured the growth and ingestion rates of O. marina and G. dominans on Symbiodinium sp. as a function of prey concentration. Furthermore, we compared the results to those obtained for other algal prey species. In addition, we measured the growth and ingestion rates of other predators at single prey concentrations at which these rates of O. marina and G. dominans were saturated. All predators tested in the present study, except Balanion sp., preyed on Symbiodinium sp. The specific growth rates of O. marina and G. dominans on Symbiodinium sp. increased rapidly with increasing mean prey concentration < ca. 740–815 ng C/ml (7,400–8,150 cells/ml), but became saturated at higher concentrations. The maximum growth rates of O. marina and G. dominans on Symbiodinium sp. (0.87 and 0.61/d) were much higher than those of G. moestrupii and P. kofoidii (0.11 and 0.04/d). Symbiodinium sp. did not support positive growth of G. spirale, O. rotundata, and Parastrombidinopsis sp. However, the maximum ingestion rates of P. kofoidii and Parastrombidinopsis sp. (6.7–10.0 ng C/predator/d) were much higher than those of O. marina and G. dominans on Symbiodinium sp. (1.9–2.1 ng C/predator/d). The results of the present study suggest that Symbiodinium sp. may increase or maintain the populations of some predators.
Color, Phenolic and Antioxidant Characteristic Changes of Allium Roseum Leaves during Drying
Authors: Ben Haj Said L. , Najjaa H. , Neffati M. , Bellagha S. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAllium roseum leaves were subjected to thin layer convective drying at three temperatures (40, 50 and 60C) and two air velocities (1.0 and 1.5 m/s). The effects of the drying conditions on drying characteristics, color, phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties of A. roseum leaves were assessed. Convective drying induces a considerable moisture removal from fresh leaves (more than 96%) and requires 7 and 28 h at 60 and 40C, respectively. Fresh A. roseum leaves have a water activity higher than 0.9, which had been reduced after drying to a value of about 0.5. Drying resulted in color modifications and drastic declines in total polyphenol content (between 60 and 69%), total flavonoid content (between 17 and 29%) and radical‐scavenging capacity (between 72 and 88%). Drying temperature showed a significant effect on drying rate, moisture loss, water activity, total polyphenol content, total flavonoid content and radical‐scavenging activity of A. roseum leaves.Practical ApplicationsAllium roseum, also known as rosy garlic, and called in Tunisia “Lazoul,” is a spontaneous plant that grows in the southern part of the country during the rainy years. Local indigenous communities traditionally use Lazoul leaves as a condiment in various meals. The specific taste attributed to these leaves is highly appreciated, but moreover their therapeutic properties, due to antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activities, are now well known. However, the short vegetative presence of Lazoul limits its availability and renders it rare. Traditional food prepared with fresh A. roseum leaves tend to disappear, and thus, preparation of such foods, which has been inherited from one generation to the other within a traditional knowledge, is now threatened. Drying may be a solution for A. roseum preservation throughout the year. Moreover, bringing small‐scale technologies to local people may revitalize biodiversity and protect traditional food from disappearance.
A comparison of single particle tracking and temporal image correlation spectroscopy for quantitative analysis of endosome motility
Authors: LUND F.W. , WÜSTNER D. 
Published: October 2013

SummarySingle particle tracking (SPT) is becoming a standard method to extract transport parameters from time‐lapse image sequences of fluorescent vesicles in living cells. Another method to obtain these data is temporal image correlation spectroscopy (TICS), but this method is less often used for measurement of intracellular vesicle transport. Here, we present an extensive comparison of SPT and TICS. First we examine the effect of photobleaching, shading and noise on SPT and TICS analysis using simulated image sequences. To this end, we developed a simple photophysical model, which relates spatially varying illumination intensity to the bleaching propensity and fluorescence intensity of the moving particles. We found that neither SPT nor TICS are affected by photobleaching per se, but the transport parameters obtained by both methods are sensitive to the signal‐to‐noise ratio. In addition, the number of obtained trajectories in SPT is affected by noise. Diffusion constants determined by TICS are significantly overestimated when large immobile fluorescent structures are present in the image sequences, while the opposite is true for SPT. To improve the performance of both techniques, we compare three different methods for image denoising. Appropriate denoising significantly reduced the effect of noise and of immobile structures on both methods. Shape fluctuations of simulated particles had a more pronounced effect on TICS than on SPT analysis. In denoised images of fluorescent beads or cytosolic vesicles containing fluorescent protein NPC2 in human skin fibroblast cells, the transport parameters acquired by SPT and TICS were comparable emphasizing the value of both analysis methods.
Automatic diagnosis of malaria based on complete circle–ellipse fitting search algorithm
Authors: SHEIKHHOSSEINI M. , RABBANI H. , ZEKRI M. , TALEBI A. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractDiagnosis of malaria parasitemia from blood smears is a subjective and time‐consuming task for pathologists. The automatic diagnostic process will reduce the diagnostic time. Also, it can be worked as a second opinion for pathologists and may be useful in malaria screening. This study presents an automatic method for malaria diagnosis from thin blood smears. According to this fact that malaria life cycle is started by forming a ring around the parasite nucleus, the proposed approach is mainly based on curve fitting to detect parasite ring in the blood smear. The method is composed of six main phases: stain object extraction step, which extracts candidate objects that may be infected by malaria parasites. This phase includes stained pixel extraction step based on intensity and colour, and stained object segmentation by defining stained circle matching. Second step is preprocessing phase which makes use of nonlinear diffusion filtering. The process continues with detection of parasite nucleus from resulted image of previous step according to image intensity. Fourth step introduces a complete search process in which the circle search step identifies the direction and initial points for direct least‐square ellipse fitting algorithm. Furthermore in the ellipse searching process, although parasite shape is completed undesired regions with high error value are removed and ellipse parameters are modified. Features are extracted from the parasite candidate region instead of whole candidate object in the fifth step. By employing this special feature extraction way, which is provided by special searching process, the necessity of employing clump splitting methods is removed. Also, defining stained circle matching process in the first step speeds up the whole procedure. Finally, a series of decision rules are applied on the extracted features to decide on the positivity or negativity of malaria parasite presence. The algorithm is applied on 26 digital images which are provided from thin blood smear films. The images are contained 1274 objects which may be infected by parasite or healthy. Applying the automatic identification of malaria on provided database showed a sensitivity of 82.28% and specificity of 98.02%.
ZnO microrods to nanowalled microtubes: optimization using simple fluorescence microscopy and enhanced photocatalytic properties
Authors: RANJITH K. S. , KIRUTHIKA B. , RAJENDRAKUMAR R. T. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryZnO microtubes (MTs) of nanoscale wall thickness were prepared by synthesis of ZnO microrods (MRs) followed by etching the MRs to form MTs. ZnO MRs were synthesized by a simple solution growth method using zinc chloride and hexamine as precursors. Using KOH, ZnO MRs are etched into ZnO MTs. ZnO MTs were characterized by fluorescence microscopy (FM), X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, UV‐Vis and photoluminescence spectroscopy. ZnO MTs have a diameter of ∼600 nm, wall thickness of 30–40 nm and length of ∼7 μm. The influence of the KOH concentration and etching time on ZnO MRs for the formation of the ZnO MTs were studied. The formation of nanowalled ZnO tubes from ZnO MRs is optimized by simple and inexpensive FM imaging. FM was utilized as a tool to observe the changes in optical properties on change in morphology from ZnO MRs to MTs. FM images reveal that at low KOH concentration (0.125 M) the tubes were not completely etched whereas at higher concentration (0.375 M) the tube walls were damaged. Etchant concentration (0.125 M) and etching time of 12 h were found to be the optimized parameters for the realization of ZnO MTs using FM analysis. ZnO MTs were tested as the catalyst for the photodegradation of the methylene blue dye. The result shows that the photodegradation efficiency of the tubes is twice as fast as compared to that of rods.
Chlamydia screening in young people as an outcome of a HEADSS; Home, Education, Activities, Drug and alcohol use, Sexuality and Suicide youth psychosocial assessment tool
Authors: Eade Donna M , Henning Dorothy 
Published: October 2013

Aims and objectivesTo identify the percentage of young people presenting to a primary healthcare service targeting homeless youth, in Melbourne, Australia, who, based on youth‐specific Home, Education, Activities, Drug and alcohol use, Sexuality and Suicide (HEADSS) psychosocial assessment tool, were screened for the sexually transmitted infection Chlamydia and tested positive.BackgroundHomeless young people are at high risk of poor health outcomes including sexual health. Chlamydia prevalence is highest in 16–24 years. Youth psychosocial assessment tools such as the HEADSS can engage young people and provide comprehensive health assessment that identifies health risks.DesignA retrospective audit.MethodsOne hundred consecutive client files of youth who presented to a primary healthcare service for the first time were selected. Client data were collected at the health services' inner city drop‐in clinic and clinical refuge outreach (CRO). HEADSS assessments were made on new presentations to identify those at risk of Chlamydia. These young people were then offered screening for Chlamydia using a first‐pass urine sample.ResultsOne hundred HEADSS assessments were audited, of which 15 were incomplete. Of the 85 completed HEADSS assessments, 43 were tested and 11 had Chlamydia‐positive results.ConclusionComprehensive youth assessment tools, such as the HEADSS, can provide a valuable resource in identifying sexual health risks such as Chlamydia. In turn, skilled nursing staff can provide opportunistic screening. Early identification and treatment for Chlamydia can reduce the spread and sequela of this highly infectious STI.Relevance to clinical practiceYouth health nurses can enhance their nursing practice in working with young people at risk of homelessness and improve their health outcomes by employing youth‐specific assessments.
A Mean‐Variance Benchmark for Intertemporal Portfolio Theory
Authors: COCHRANE JOHN H. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTMean‐variance portfolio theory can apply to streams of payoffs such as dividends following an initial investment. This description is useful when returns are not independent over time and investors have nonmarketed income. Investors hedge their outside income streams. Then, their optimal payoff is split between an indexed perpetuity—the risk‐free payoff—and a long‐run mean‐variance efficient payoff. “Long‐run” moments sum over time as well as states of nature. In equilibrium, long‐run expected returns vary with long‐run market betas and outside‐income betas. State‐variable hedges do not appear.
Asset Pricing with Dynamic Margin Constraints
Authors: RYTCHKOV OLEG 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTThis paper provides a novel theoretical analysis of how endogenous time‐varying margin requirements affect capital market equilibrium. I find that margin requirements, when there are no other market frictions, reduce the volatility and correlation of returns as well as the risk‐free rate, but increase the market price of risk, the risk premium, and the price of risky assets. Furthermore, margin requirements generate a strong cross‐sectional dispersion of stock return volatilities. The results emphasize that a general equilibrium analysis may reverse the conclusions of a partial equilibrium analysis often employed in the literature.
Problems in methods for the detection of significant proteinuria in pregnancy
Authors: Yamada Takahiro , Kojima Takashi , Akaishi Rina , Ishikawa Satoshi , Takeda Masamitsu , Kawaguchi Satoshi , Nishida Ryutaro , Morikawa Mamoru , Yamada Takashi , Minakami Hisanori 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to underscore problems associated with the dipstick test and determination of protein concentration alone in spot‐urine (P‐test) compared with spot‐urine protein‐to‐creatinine ratio (P/Cr test) and to determine whether urine collection for 24‐h test was complete.Material and MethodsDipstick and P/Cr tests were performed simultaneously in 357 random spot‐urine specimens from 145 pregnant women, including 35 with pre‐eclampsia. Positive results were defined as ≥1+ on dipstick test, protein concentration ≥30 mg/dL on P‐test, and P/Cr ratio ≥ 0.27 (mg/mg) on P/Cr test. Sixty‐four 24‐h urine tests (quantification of protein in urine collected during 24 h) were performed in 27 of the 145 women. We assumed that P/Cr ratio ≥ 0.27 predicted significant proteinuria (urinary protein ≥ 0.3 g/day). The 24‐h urine collection was considered incomplete when urinary creatinine excretion was <11.0 mg/kg/day or >25.0 mg/kg/day.ResultsForty‐four percent (69/156) of specimens with a positive test result on dipstick test contained protein < 30 mg/dL. Dipstick test was positive for 25.7% (69/269) of specimens with protein < 30 mg/dL and for 28.8% (79/274) of specimens with P/Cr ratio < 0.27. P‐test results were positive for 7.3% (20/274) and negative for 18.1% (15/83) of specimens with P/Cr ratio < 0.27 and ≥0.27, respectively. Incomplete 24‐h urine collection occurred in 15.6% (10/64) of 24‐h urine tests. Daily urinary creatinine excretion was 702–1397 mg, while creatinine concentration varied from 16 mg/dL to 475 mg/dL in spot‐urine specimens.ConclusionDipstick test and P‐test were likely to over‐ and underestimate risks of significant proteinuria, respectively. The 24‐h urine collection was often incomplete.
Pregnancy‐associated osteoporosis presenting severe vertebral fractures
Authors: Ozturk Cihat , Atamaz Funda Calis , Akkurt Halil , Akkoc Yesim 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe syndrome of pregnancy‐associated osteoporosis (PAO) is a rare disorder which occurs either in late pregnancy or early post‐partum period leading to fragility fracture(s), most commonly in the vertebral bodies. We presented two cases with PAO who had compression fractures at multiple levels involving five vertebrae in one case and 10 vertebrae in the other. Their spinal bone mineral density values were below −2.5 standard deviations. Anti‐osteoporotic treatments with nasal calcitonin 400 IU/day, vitamin D 300.000 IU single dose, calcium 1000 mg/day, vitamin D 880 IU/day were initiated. In one case, kyphoplasty was performed by a spinal surgeon. In addition to a thoracolumbosacral orthosis, a rehabilitation program including muscle strengthening, range of motion, relaxation and weight‐bearing exercises was started for both cases. These cases emphasize that all pregnant women with complaints of back/lumbar pain should be carefully evaluated.
Global diversity of two widespread, colony‐forming diatoms of the marine plankton, Chaetoceros socialis (syn. C. radians) and Chaetoceros gelidus sp. nov.
Authors: Chamnansinp Atchaneey , Li Yang , Lundholm Nina , Moestrup Øjvind 
Published: October 2013

Marine phytoplankton samples containing diatoms of the Chaetoceros socialis group were collected from Thailand, China, Denmark, and Greenland, and cells were isolated into culture for light and electron microscopy and DNA sequencing of D1–D3 of the LSU rDNA. Species of this lineage are characterized by three short and one long setae extending from each cell, the long setae from several cells joining into a common center to form large colonies, which are sometimes visible with the naked eye. Phylogenetic analyses including sequences from other parts of the world revealed segregation into three groups. Most sequences fell into two large clades, one comprising material from cold waters, whereas the other contained material from warmer waters. Strain CCMP 172 from the Strait of Georgia, Washington State, USA, formed a separate group. The warm‐water species included Chinese and Thai material and therefore probably also material from the type locality of C. socialis, Hong Kong. It is characterized by all setae being covered by spines and the setae extending from the valve at some distance from the margin. In the resting spores, both valves are ornamented with spines. The cold‐water material is characterized by three spiny and one mostly smooth long setae, and the setae extend from the valve near the margin. Both valves of the resting spore are smooth. This material is described as C. gelidus sp. nov. C. radians, described from the Baltic in 1894, is considered a synonym of C. socialis. CCMP172 is in many ways intermediate and probably constitutes a separate species. The published evidence on this globally distributed and sometimes bloom‐forming group of species indicates higher species diversity than presently thought.
Analysis of habitat determinants in contact zones of parapatricEuropean salamanders
Authors: Werner P. , Lötters S. , Schmidt B. R. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractParapatry is a remarkable distributional pattern where the ranges of two species come into contact but only narrowly overlap. Theory predicts and empirical data suggest that parapatric range margins are most likely to form along environmental gradients when there is interspecific competition. Here, we study the ecology of the narrow contact zones of two parapatricEuropean land salamanders,Salamandra salamandraandSalamandra atra. Previous research showed that abiotic conditions determine parapatric range margins of these two species. However, in contrast to other parapatric salamander species and theoretical predictions, there is no evidence for competitive interactions in the twoSalamandraspecies. To study whether competition restricts these species' ranges and to understand local syntopic co‐occurrence within their contact zones, we used site‐occupancy models (1) to assess species–habitat relationships and (2) to test whether there is evidence for competition. We found that the two salamanders show dissimilar species–habitat relationships. The slope of the site positively affected the site‐occupancy probability ofS. salamandra, while none of the habitat characteristics explained the occupancy probability ofS. atra. The local presence of one species had no effect on the occupancy probability of the other, suggesting that there is no effect of competition on local occurrence or that competition does not lead to spatial segregation. To fully understand the mechanisms that determine the parapatric range margins between the salamander species and to unravel the role of interspecific interactions, it is necessary to further study species' functional traits.
Digital Humanities and Electronic Resources in the Long Eighteenth Century
Authors: Bullard Paddy 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe field of eighteenth‐century studies at its broadest extent – taking in the English Restoration, the Enlightenment, and the Romantic period – has changed significantly since the beginning of the twenty‐first century due to the impact of electronic resources on research methods and on the accessibility of primary research materials. Theorists of the digital humanities writing at the end of the previous century argued that the computerization of humanities research would make the editing and archiving of historical texts more subtle and fluid. This article argues that humanities computing has in fact moved away from editing and textual criticism toward the development of larger and more interoperable databases. Current digital humanities in the long eighteenth century are defined by the Enlightenment virtues of pragmatism and communicability, but they have yet to attain the Enlightenment ideals of openness and refinement.
“Robert Browning at 200: An Assessment of the Poet in His Bicentenary Year”
Authors: Dawson Clara 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis article gives an assessment of the Victorian poet, Robert Browning, in his bicentenary year 2012. I give a summary of the papers at the two major international Robert Browning conferences in the UK and the USA and review the academic publications about his poetry. I also assess his reputation within the wider culture and compare him to other key Victorian figures such as Charles Dickens. By examining newspaper and internet articles about Robert Browning's bicentenary, I explore which factors are important in creating his reputation in the public sphere and look at what legacies his poetry has left.
New Directions in Post‐Apartheid South African Fiction and Scholarship
Authors: Davis Emily S. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAfter the formal end of the apartheid period in 1994, some writers and critics expressed a sense of unease about the future of South African literature. Yet, the post‐apartheid period has produced an array of texts on topics not previously part of South African literary discourse. Writing from the transitional period for the most part turned inward, working in or against the confessional mode modeled by the Truth and Reconciliation Commission. During the current post‐transitional period, marked loosely by the publication of J. M. Coetzee's Disgrace in 1999, a younger generation of writers has begun to represent new social issues surrounding difference and inequality, especially representations of Black women, gays and lesbians, and migrants. Recent critical approaches to this literature have offered valuable conceptual tools for further research.