bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient compilation strategy for object‐oriented languages under the closed‐world assumption
Authors: Sonntag Benoît , Colnet Dominique 
Published: November 2012

SUMMARYReaching the best level of runtime performance from a high‐level, object‐oriented language is often considered challenging if not unattainable. The closed‐world assumption involves considering all of the source code of an application together at compile time. That assumption makes it possible to produce an efficient code. For instance, multiple inheritance can be implemented as efficiently as single inheritance. Our compilation strategy is the result of a prolonged project, tying together several compilation techniques: call graph analysis, dead code elimination, type flow analysis, code customization, implementation of dynamic dispatch, inlining, pointer optimization, switch optimization, objects layout, and so on. Merging all of these techniques into a global strategy appears to be quite problematic. Throughout the paper, two real‐world compilers are used as benchmarks to provide measurements for compiler writers to evaluate the applicability of our approach. Type flow analysis is a fundamental aspect of our strategy to resolve method calls. We have extended type flow analysis to deal with the content of arrays, enabling us to process additional expressions and thus making it possible to obtain a true global analysis. Typically, more than 90% of method call sites are statically resolved. Our experience indicates that the closed‐world assumption is suitable for numerous applications. Surprisingly, even library‐defined control statements from dynamic languages are perfectly processed with our strategy. The Smalltalk ifTrue:ifFalse:, whileTrue:, to:do:, and so on are, for the very first time, perfectly translated. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study on output prediction system of wind power generation using complex‐valued neural network with multipoint GPV data
Authors: Kitajima Takahiro , Yasuno Takashi , Sori Hitoshi 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn recent years, wind power generation has seen rapid growth as a solution to the depletion of fossil fuels and to global warming. However, the output of the wind power generator fluctuates widely depending on the wind speed, which affects the power grid. In this paper, we propose a prediction system of wind power generation ahead of 24 h by using a complex‐valued neural network (CVNN). To predict the output of wind power generation, it is necessary to predict the wind speed accurately. Generally, wind data is expressed as a vector, which has both magnitude and direction. Therefore, it is also possible to treat wind data by a complex number and then use it as input information of the CVNN, which is very useful for operation of a complex number and nonlinear data. In computer simulations, we use multipoint numerical weather prediction data that surround the wind prediction point to realize long‐time prediction. Thereby, we expect that the CVNN can take into account wind dynamics in two‐dimensional space. Several simulation results and t‐tests demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed prediction system. © 2012 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
An interpolation method of uncertain landmarks for improving accuracy of simulation on qualitative and quantitative hybrid model
Authors: Samejima Masaki , Akiyoshi Masanori 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIt became possible to simulate a qualitative and quantitative hybrid model by dividing ranges of the model's quantitative variables with ‘landmarks’ and by associating divided ranges and kinds of qualitative values with each other. When landmarks are uncertain, it is difficult to set appropriate landmarks to guarantee the accuracy of the simulation. In order to guarantee the accuracy of the simulation, the proposed method interpolates uncertain landmarks based on initial values and reliable landmarks of the hybrid model. First, candidate positions, where landmarks are interpolated, are decided by associating the range including an initial value and an initial qualitative value. Next, values of landmarks are estimated by applying monotone cubic spline interpolation to the reliable landmarks. Through the application of the proposed method to a hybrid model, the difference between the simulation result on the hybrid model and the result derived from the quantitative model is decreased by 0.17 compared to the method without the interpolation. © 2012 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A generalized method for Lagrangian modeling of power conversion circuit with integrated magnetic components
Authors: Umetani Kazuhiro 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA generalized Lagrangian is proposed to enable systematic analysis of integrated magnetic components. Although a few conventional theories are known that handle magnetic circuit, they cause difficulties in modeling or analysis, especially when applied to a highly integrated core. These difficulties are avoided in the proposed theory, as its Lagrangian is configurable directly from the physical core structure. As an example, the Lagrangian of the trans‐linked three‐phase boost converter is presented. Along with the Lagrangian, two types of circuit analysis are also presented: one is to obtain the state‐space model of the converter; the other is to translate the integrated magnetic component into an equivalent circuit of basic components such as transformers and inductors. The analyses show the usefulness of the proposed method in practical applications. © 2012 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Model predictive control for line pacing in steel processing
Authors: Konaka Eiji , Suzuki Tatsuya , Asano Kazuya , Iijima Yoshitsugu 
Published: November 2012

AbstractLine pacing control in steel processing lines is known to be a difficult task for operators.?They usually take a conservative control policy in order to avoid shutdown, and the processing capacity of the line has not been fully utilized yet. This paper presents a new modeling and control technique for line pacing based on a hybrid petri net (HPN) and mixed logical dynamical system (MLDS) expressions. The proposed modeling method can harmoniously integrate continuous and discrete aspects of the system. Moreover, the proposed method can provide a suitable formulation for numerical optimization. Based on this hybrid system modeling, the closed‐loop control can be realized by the receding horizon scheme. Numerical examples demonstrate that the processing capacity can be fully utilized by the proposed method. © 2012 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Investigations on the Steric Accessibility of the Carbanionic Moiety in Zwitterionic Magnesium Tris(pyrazolyl)methanide Complexes. Synthesis and Characterisation of Bi‐ and Tri­metallic Complexes
Authors: Meyer Jens , Kuzu Istemi , González‐Gallardo Sandra , Breher Frank 
Published: November 2012

AbstractReactions of HC(pz)3 and HC(4‐Mepz)3 with MgBu2 and Mg{N(SiMe3)2}2 gave the zwitterionic complexes [Mg{C(pz)3}2] (2) and [Mg{C(4‐Mepz)3}2] (4), respectively, containing “free” pyramidal carbanions (pz = pyrazolyl). The solid‐state structure of 2 has been determined. Reactions of 2 and 4 as well as the recently reported homo‐ and heteroleptic complexes [Mg{C(3, 5‐Me2pz)3}2] (1) and [Mg{C(3, 5‐Me2pz)3}{C(pz)3}] (3) with the Lewis acid AlEt3 furnished the bi‐ and trimetallic complexes [Mg{C(pz)3}2(AlEt3)2] (5), [Mg{C(pz)3}(AlEt3){C(3, 5‐Me2pz)3}] (6), and [Mg{C(4‐Mepz)3}2(AlEt3)2] (7). Based on NMR spectroscopic investigations, including an X‐ray structural analysis on single crystals of 5, only the parent tris(pyrazolyl)methanide {C(pz)3}– and the 4‐methyl‐substituted ligand scaffolds form C‐bound adducts with the Lewis acid. By quantifying the steric bulk of κ3N‐coordinated {C(pz)3}– it could be shown that its steric features are similar to those of bulky phosphine ligands.
Distribution of live and dead cells in pellets of an actinomycete Amycolatopsis balhimycina and its correlation with balhimycin productivity
Authors: Singh Kamaleshwar P , Mahendra Amit L , Jayaraj Vibha , Wangikar Pramod P , Jadhav Sameer 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Secondary metabolites such as antibiotics are typically produced by actinomycetes as a response to growth limiting stress conditions. Several studies have shown that secondary metabolite production is correlated with changes observed in actinomycete pellet morphology. Therefore, we investigated the correlation between the production of balhimycin and the spatio-temporal distribution of live and dead cells in pellets of Amycolatopsis balhimycina in submerged cultures. To this end, we used laser scanning confocal microscopy to analyze pellets from balhimycin producing and nonproducing media containing 0.2 and 1.0 g l−1 of potassium di-hydrogen phosphate, respectively. We observed a substantially higher fraction of live cells in pellets from cultures yielding larger amounts of balhimycin. Moreover, in media that resulted in no balhimycin production, the pellets exhibit an initial death phase which commences from the centre of the pellet and extends in the radial direction. A second growth phase was observed in these pellets, where live mycelia are seen to appear in the dead core of the pellets. This secondary growth was absent in pellets from media producing higher amounts of balhimycin. These results suggest that distribution of live and dead cells and its correlation with antibiotic production in the non-sporulating A. balhimycina differs markedly than that observed in Streptomycetes.
Wood pulp as an immobilization matrix for the continuous production of isopropanol and butanol
Authors: Survase Shrikant A , van Heiningen Adriaan , Granström Tom 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
The study was focused on developing a continuous method to produce an alcohol mixture suitable to be used as a gasoline supplement. The immobilized column reactor with wood pulp fibers was successfully used for the continuous production of butanol and isopropanol using Clostridium beijerinckii DSM 6423. A sugar mixture (glucose, mannose, galactose, arabinose and xylose) representing lignocellulose hydrolysate was used as a substrate for the production of solvents. The effect of dilution rate on solvent production was studied during continuous operation. The maximum total solvent concentration of 11.99 g/l was obtained at a dilution rate of 0.16 h−1. The maximum solvent productivity (5.58 g/l h) was obtained at a dilution rate of 1.5 h−1. The maximum solvent yield of 0.45 g/g from sugar mixture was observed at 0.25 h−1. The system will be further used for the solvent production using wood hydrolysate as a substrate.
Effect of Microwave Treatment on Sinapic Acid Derivatives in Rapeseed and Rapeseed Meal
Authors: Niu Yanxing , Jiang Mulan , Wan Chuyun , Yang Mei , Hu Shuangxi 
Published: November 2012

AbstractMicrowave treatment is a new method for rapeseed processing. To better understand the benefits of microwave pretreatment on rapeseed processing, qualitative and quantitative analysis of sinapic acid derivatives is needed. In this study, the effect of microwave treatment on the content of sinapic acid derivatives in rapeseed and the effect of cold‐press and solvent extraction on the content of sinapic acid derivatives in rapeseed meal were evaluated using ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography. It was found that during the microwave treatment, the content of sinapine and sinapic acid in the rapeseed increased slightly at the outset of treatment and significantly decreased thereafter. Following 7 min of microwave treatment, the content of sinapine in rapeseed exhibited its largest decrease of 16.7 %. By contrast, microwave heating of the rapeseed increased the canolol content significantly. We employed two sample paired t tests as a means to analyze the difference between meal and defatted cold‐pressed cake. The results indicated that the content of sinapine and sinapic acid in defatted cake was significantly higher than that in meal, while the different extraction methods (solvent extraction and cold‐press) did not appear to have a significant influence on the content of canolol in meal (p ≤ 0.05).
Lamination languages
Authors: LOPEZ LUIS-MIGUEL , NARBEL PHILIPPE 
Published: November 2012

AbstractLeaves of laminations can be symbolically represented by deforming them into paths of labeled embedded carrier graphs, including train tracks. Here, we describe and characterize the languages of two-way infinite words coming from this kind of coding, called lamination languages, first, by using carrier graph sequences, and second, by using word combinatorics. These characterizations generalize those existing for interval exchange transformations. We also show that lamination languages have ultimately affine factor complexity, and we present effective techniques to build these languages.
Morphological variation between isolates of the nematode Haemonchus contortus from sheep and goat populations in Malaysia and Yemen
Authors: Gharamah A.A. , Rahman W.A. , Siti Azizah M.N. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractHaemonchus contortus is a highly pathogenic nematode parasite of sheep and goats. This work was conducted to investigate the population and host variations of the parasitic nematode H. contortus of sheep and goats from Malaysia and Yemen. Eight morphological characters were investigated, namely the total body length, cervical papillae, right spicule, left spicule, right barb, left barb, gubernaculum and cuticular ridge (synlophe) pattern. Statistical analysis showed the presence of morphological variation between populations of H. contortus from Malaysia and Yemen, with minor variation in the synlophe pattern of these isolates. Isolates from each country were grouped together in the scatterplots with no host isolation. Body, cervical papillae and spicule lengths were the most important characters that distinguished between populations of the two countries. This variation between Malaysia and Yemen may be attributed to geographical isolation and the possible presence of a different isolate of this worm in each country.
Prediction of potential well structure formed in spherical inertial electrostatic confinement fusion devices with various parameters
Authors: GHASEMI M. , HABIBI M. , AMROLLAHI R. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn this paper, the theoretical analysis regarding potential structure on the inertial electrostatic confinement fusion devices has been carried out. Negatively biased grid as cathode placed at the center of the device surrounded by anode is assumed. The device is an ion-injection system and electrons may be emitted from the surface of the cathode. So the existence of both ion and electron currents inside the cathode is considered. Dependence of radial potential well structure on some important parameters as the spreads in the normalized total and angular electron and ion energies, the ratio of ion circulating current to electron circulating current, ion perveance, and grid transparency are investigated by solving Poisson equation.
Optical thickness corrections to ECE measurement of electron temperature in IR-T1 tokamak
Authors: AHMADI MONA , KHORSHID PEJMAN , JALILI OMID 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe Electron Cyclotron Emission (ECE) radiation has been investigated, passing through plasma column with concerning absorption effect on the IR-T1 tokamak. The intensity of second harmonic X-mode is used to investigate changes in electron temperature profile. The results show that radiation temperature (Trad) detected outside the plasma column is less than the electron temperature (Te) in the core. The radiation temperature can be directly interpreted as Te to about 3–10% reduction. This implies that optical thickness and electron density effects are more considerable at lower temperatures.
The quest to find the plasma edge and discover a collisionally modified Bohm criterion
Authors: FRANKLIN R. N. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe concepts of ‘plasma edge’ and ‘collisionally modified Bohm criterion’ have occupied attention for many years since the publication of work by Bohm that gave rise to the Bohm criterion. He acknowledged that his description of the plasma-sheath transition was incomplete. We summarize work that shows that neither concept has precision, at the same time giving a critique.
On supersonic plasma flow around an obstacle
Authors: ALLEN J. E. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractSupersonic plasma flow around an object large compared with the Debye distance is treated using an isothermal gas dynamics model. The case of (initially) subsonic flow has been studied previously using this model, the motivation then being the use of Langmuir probes. In supersonic plasma flow Mach cones describing weak discontinuities rather than shock waves are predicted. A comparison has been made with particle-in-cell simulations carried out by Willis et al. (Willis, C. T. N., Allen, J. E., Coppins, M. and Bacharis, M. 2011 Phys. Rev. E, 84, 046410), where such Mach cones are observed. Other features cannot be explained by the isothermal gas dynamics model, these include the appearance, at high supersonic velocities, of an ion-free region downstream.
Cutoff of the current in plasma opening switches
Authors: LOGINOV SERGEY V. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe paper considers the erosion mechanism of operation of nano- and microsecond plasma opening switches (POSs). For this purpose, postulates of the well-known erosion model of the POS operation are reviewed and some remarks on its individual statements are discussed. A voltage scaling for a nanosecond switch with rarefied plasma (~1013 cm−3) is derived. It is shown that the peak voltage across the nanosecond switch on its opening is proportional to the switch conduction current. The formation of an erosion gap in a microsecond switch with high-density plasma (~1015 cm−3) is put to phenomenological analysis and a voltage scaling for the switch is obtained. It is found that in the microsecond switch, unlike the nanosecond switch, the peak voltage is inversely proportional to the switch conduction current.
Scaling up classification rule induction through parallel processing
Authors: Stahl Frederic , Bramer Max 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe fast increase in the size and number of databases demands data mining approaches that are scalable to large amounts of data. This has led to the exploration of parallel computing technologies in order to perform data mining tasks concurrently using several processors. Parallelization seems to be a natural and cost-effective way to scale up data mining technologies. One of the most important of these data mining technologies is the classification of newly recorded data. This paper surveys advances in parallelization in the field of classification rule induction.
Emergency surgery for extrinsic coronary compression after percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation
Authors: Mauri Lucia , Frigiola Alessandro , Butera Gianfranco 
Published: November 2012

AbstractCoronary artery compression is a rare and potentially fatal complication after percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation. We report on a case of an acute antero-septal non-ST myocardial infarction secondary to the partial laceration of the conduit and the creation of a thrombus giving an extrinsic compression of left anterior descendent coronary artery after Melody valve implantation.
Microbiology of Lonar Lake and other soda lakes
Authors: Paul Antony Chakkiath , Kumaresan Deepak , Hunger Sindy , Drake Harold L , Murrell J Colin , Shouche Yogesh S 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Soda lakes are saline and alkaline ecosystems that are believed to have existed throughout the geological record of Earth. They are widely distributed across the globe, but are highly abundant in terrestrial biomes such as deserts and steppes and in geologically interesting regions such as the East African Rift valley. The unusual geochemistry of these lakes supports the growth of an impressive array of microorganisms that are of ecological and economic importance. Haloalkaliphilic Bacteria and Archaea belonging to all major trophic groups have been described from many soda lakes, including lakes with exceptionally high levels of heavy metals. Lonar Lake is a soda lake that is centered at an unusual meteorite impact structure in the Deccan basalts in India and its key physicochemical and microbiological characteristics are highlighted in this article. The occurrence of diverse functional groups of microbes, such as methanogens, methanotrophs, phototrophs, denitrifiers, sulfur oxidizers, sulfate reducers and syntrophs in soda lakes, suggests that these habitats harbor complex microbial food webs that (a) interconnect various biological cycles via redox coupling and (b) impact on the production and consumption of greenhouse gases. Soda lake microorganisms harbor several biotechnologically relevant enzymes and biomolecules (for example, cellulases, amylases, ectoine) and there is the need to augment bioprospecting efforts in soda lake environments with new integrated approaches. Importantly, some saline and alkaline lake ecosystems around the world need to be protected from anthropogenic pressures that threaten their long-term existence.
Effects of patch connectivity and heterogeneity on metacommunity structure of planktonic bacteria and viruses
Authors: Declerck Steven A J , Winter Christian , Shurin Jonathan B , Suttle Curtis A , Matthews Blake 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Dispersal limitation is generally considered to have little influence on the spatial structure of biodiversity in microbial metacommunities. This notion derives mainly from the analysis of spatial patterns in the field, but experimental tests of dispersal limitation using natural communities are rare for prokaryotes and, to our knowledge, non-existent for viruses. We studied the effects of dispersal intensity (three levels) and patch heterogeneity (two levels) on the structure of replicate experimental metacommunities of bacteria and viruses using outdoor mesocosms with plankton communities from natural ponds and lakes. Low levels of dispersal resulted in a decrease in the compositional differences (beta diversity) among the communities of both bacteria and viruses, but we found no effects of patch heterogeneity. The reductions in beta diversity are unlikely to be a result of mass effects and only partly explained by indirect dispersal-mediated interactions with phytoplankton and zooplankton. Our results suggest that even a very limited exchange among local communities can alter the trajectory of bacterial and viral communities at small temporal and spatial scales.