bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of treated and untreated water consumption in rural Bolivia
Authors: Tamas Andrea , Meyer Jasmin , Mosler Hans‐Joachim 
Published: June 2013

AbstractHousehold water treatment (HWT) has the potential to reduce waterborne diseases in developing countries. In this article, factors from social–psychological theories are analyzed in order to design effective interventions that promote HWT. Two treatment behaviors—solar disinfection (SODIS) and boiling—are compared with untreated‐water consumption using data from a SODIS campaign in Bolivia. The main drivers of intention are affective beliefs, health beliefs related to untreated water, and descriptive norms. Behavior is primarily influenced by the habit related to each water type. Strong interrelations between beliefs and the habit related to one water type and the intention or consumption related to the others exist. Future campaigns should not only promote the target health behavior, but also investigate predictors of the health‐risk behavior in order to prevent it.
Establishment of a new diagnostic method for hydropic villi by using TSSC3 antibody
Authors: Wake Norio , Takao Tomoka , Asanoma Kazuo , Kato Hidenori 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA total of 297 samples of hydropic villi were classified according to DNA polymorphisms as androgenetic moles, dispermic triploids, or biparental diploids. A subset of 267 appropriate samples was included in the study. Most of the macroscopically diagnosed complete mole cases were genetically androgenetic in origin. The partial mole cases consisted of 30 androgenetic moles and 12 dispermic triploids. For the 59 cases macroscopically categorized as hydropic abortion, the genetic analysis revealed 38 androgenetic moles, seven dispermic triploids and 14 biparental diploids. These results showed that a new diagnostic method was required for the management of patients with hydropic villi. We identified the TSSC imprint gene of which expression was shown in normal and partial mole villi but was silenced in complete mole villi. Immunohistochemistry using the TSSC3 antibody demonstrated its efficacy as the differential diagnostic method. TSSC3 play an important role in the differentiation from trophoblast stem cells to progenitors and/or labyrinth trophoblast through the TSSC3/PI3K/Akt/Mash2 signaling pathway.
Molecular Detection and Identification of a 16SrVI Group Phytoplasma Associated with Tomato Big Bud Disease in Xinjiang, China
Authors: Du Yejuan , Mou Haiqing , Shi Baoping , Xu Xia , Xiang Benchun 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIn 2010, tomato plants with big bud symptoms were observed in Xinjiang, China. PCR products of approximately 1.2 and 2.8 kb were amplified from infected tomato tissues but not from asymptomatic plants. A comparison of 16S rDNA sequences showed that the casual tomato big bud (TBB) phytoplasma was closely (99%) related to the ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma trifolii’ (16SrVI group). The TBB phytoplasma clustered into one branch with the Loofah witches'‐broom phytoplasma according to the 23S rDNA analysis but with no other member of the 16SrVI group. The cause of TBB symptoms was identified as ‘Ca. Phytoplasma trifolii' (16SrVI group) by PCR, virtual RFLP and sequencing analyses. This is the first report of a phytoplasma related to ‘Ca. Phytoplasma trifolii' causing TBB disease in China.
Nitazoxanide plus pegylated interferon and ribavirin in the treatment of genotype 4 chronic hepatitis C, a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Shehab Hany M. , Elbaz Tamer M. , Deraz Dalia M. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackground & AimsNitazoxanide has been proposed as a novel therapeutic agent for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) potentiating the effect of interferon and improving sustained virological response rates to up to 80% in genotype 4. This is an independent randomized trial to confirm the efficacy of nitazoxanide in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C genotype 4.MethodsThis was an open‐label trial. Treatment‐naive genotype 4 HCV patients were recruited: Group 1 received weekly subcutaneous pegylated interferon 160 μg in addition to weight‐based ribavirin (1200 mg if ≥75 kg and 1000 mg if <75 kg) for 48 weeks, Group 2 received 4 weeks lead‐in therapy by nitazoxanide alone (500 mg bid) followed by triple therapy including nitazoxanide, pegylated interferon and ribavirin for a further 48 weeks.ResultsFifty patients were recruited in each group. Baseline characteristics were similar except for a higher BMI in group 1 (28.5 vs. 26.5, P = 0.01). SVR rates were similar (24/50 (48%) vs. 25/50 (50%) in groups 1 and 2 respectively, P: 0.84). RVR, cEVR and ETR rates were also similar (61% vs. 53% – P:0.4, 70% vs. 72% – P:0.8 and 62% vs. 58% – P:0.6 in groups 1 and 2 respectively). Biochemical response at week 12 was also similar (57% vs. 46% in groups 1 and 2 respectively, P:0.26). Complications were similar except for a higher rate of dyspepsia in the group receiving nitazoxanide (32% vs. 14%, P:0.03).ConclusionThe addition of nitazoxanide to pegylated interferon and ribavirin does not improve the virological or biochemical response rates in chronic HCV genotype 4. (clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT01276756).
A Theory of the Temporal Asymmetry of Deliberation
Authors: Navabi Ali Akbar 
Published: June 2013

AbstractContemporary theories of the temporal asymmetry of deliberation seek the origins of the asymmetry either in the physics of the early universe or in the epistemic orientation of agents. An attempt is made in the following lines to consolidate the rival thesis that the temporal asymmetry of deliberation is rooted in an ontological divide between the past and the future. I argue that agents can deliberate about the future but not the past because while the past is in a sense real, the future is nothing at all. The argument for the thesis includes striking a connection between deliberation and truth on the one hand and truth and being on the other. The argument thus proceeds, via a modal principle, from the asymmetry of deliberation into the semantics of propositions about the past, the present, and the future and from there to the ontology of the past, the present, and the future. The ‘ticket’ for transition in the argument from semantics to ontology is a truth‐making principle, according to which propositions are true or false in virtue of an existing reality.
An Exploration of Context and the Use of Evidence‐Based Nonpharmacological Practices in Emergency Departments
Authors: Wente Sarah J. K. , Kleiber Charmaine 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe uptake of evidence in practice remains a challenge for healthcare professionals including nurses and providers. Increased use of evidence‐based practices (EBPs) in healthcare settings may improve patient conditions such as pain and decrease the cost of health care. The relationship between context in the practice environment and uptake of EBP remains an understudied area.AimsThis study explored the relationships of context including the elements of individual, unit, and hospital and the use of evidence‐based nonpharmacological pediatric pain management practices (EBNPPs) using an existing data set of RNs and providers, defined as doctors of medicine and osteopathy, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants caring for children in the emergency department.MethodsA secondary data analysis was conducted using correlation and regression.ResultsInitial analysis identified several significant positive correlations with individual, unit, and hospital context elements and EBNPP. A significant correlation was not found between evaluation and EBNPP and magnet status and EBNPP for RNs or providers. RN regression analyses found that knowledge and continuing education were significant predictors of EBNPP. Overall context was a significant predictor of EBNPP for both the RN and provider models. A pooled regression analysis with RNs and providers found that RNs had a significant increased use of EBNPP when compared to providers.ConclusionsRegression analyses found that overall context significantly predicted the use of EBPPM for RNs and providers although no one element—individual, unit, or hospital—was identified as more important. The effect of context on EBNPP did not differ by profession in this sample. Future research should focus on the overall influence of context on EBP and consider other factors that may play a role in the uptake of EBP.
Recombinant Human Coxsackievirus B3 from Children with Acute Myocarditis in China
Authors: Wu Zhiqiang , Du Jiang , Zhang Ting , Xue Ying , Yang Fan , Jin Qi 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT
Recombination events were found in two human coxsackievirus B3 strains, Beijing0811 and SD2012CHN. The strains were isolated separately from five newborns diagnosed with severe hospital-acquired acute myocarditis in Beijing in 2008 and from two children diagnosed with hand, foot, and mouth disease with concurrent acute myocarditis in Shandong in 2012.
Ultrasensitive Amplification Refractory Mutation System Real-Time PCR (ARMS RT-PCR) Assay for Detection of Minority Hepatitis B Virus-Resistant Strains in the Era of Personalized Medicine
Authors: Ntziora Fotinie , Paraskevis Dimitrios , Haida Catherine , Manesis Emanuel , Papatheodoridis George , Manolakopoulos Spilios , Elefsiniotis Ioannis , Karamitros Timokratis , Vassilakis Alexis , Hatzakis Angelos 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTResistance to antiviral treatment for chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been associated with mutations in the HBV polymerase region. This study aimed at developing an ultrasensitive method for quantifying viral populations with all major HBV resistance-associated mutations, combining the amplification refractory mutation system real-time PCR (ARMS RT-PCR) with a molecular beacon using a LightCycler. The discriminatory ability of this method, the ARMS RT-PCR with molecular beacon assay, was 0.01 to 0.25% for the different HBV resistance-associated mutations, as determined by laboratory-synthesized wild-type (WT) and mutant (Mut) target sequences. The assay showed 100% sensitivity for the detection of mutant variants A181V, T184A, and N236T in samples from 41 chronically HBV-infected patients under antiviral therapy who had developed resistance-associated mutations detected by direct PCR Sanger sequencing. The ratio of mutant to wild-type viral populations (the Mut/WT ratio) was >1% in 38 (63.3%) of 60 samples from chronically HBV-infected nucleos(t)ide analogue-naive patients; combinations of mutations were also detected in half of these samples. The ARMS RT-PCR with molecular beacon assay achieved high sensitivity and discriminatory ability compared to the gold standard of direct PCR Sanger sequencing in identifying resistant viral populations in chronically HBV-infected patients receiving antiviral therapy. Apart from the dominant clones, other quasispecies were also quantified. In samples from chronically HBV-infected nucleos(t)ide analogue-naive patients, the assay proved to be a useful tool in detecting minor variant populations before the initiation of the treatment. These observations need further evaluation with prospective studies before they can be implemented in daily practice.
Isavuconazole Activity against Aspergillus lentulus, Neosartorya udagawae, and Cryptococcus gattii, Emerging Fungal Pathogens with Reduced Azole Susceptibility
Authors: Datta K. , Rhee P. , Byrnes E. , Garcia-Effron G. , Perlin D. S. , Staab J. F. , Marr K. A. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

Isavuconazole is an extended-spectrum triazole with
in vitro
activity against a wide variety of fungal pathogens. Clinical isolates of molds
Aspergillus lentulus
and
Neosartorya udagawae
and yeast
Cryptococcus gattii
VGII (implicated in the outbreak in the Pacific Northwest, North America) exhibit reduced susceptibilities to several azoles but higher susceptibilities to isavuconazole.
Schmallenberg virus: a seroprevalence survey in cattle and sheep, France, winter 2011–2012
Authors: Gache K. , Dominguez M. , Pelletier C. , Petit E. , Calavas D. , Hendrikx P. , Touratier A. 
Published: June 2013

In France, a national surveillance plan to monitor congenital Schmallenberg virus (SBV) outbreaks was set up in January 2012, and has shown that SBV had become widespread throughout the country since mid‐2011. However, the number of SBV‐infected farms cannot accurately be estimated through congenital SBV reporting alone. Therefore, GDS France (National Animal Health Farmers' Organization) conducted serological investigations in cattle and sheep holdings in several departments in spring 2012 to assess SBV exposure in 2011. A serological study was also conducted in the department of Saône‐et‐Loire (southern Burgundy) to establish an accurate local overview of circulation of virus in 2011 among cattle. The study was conducted following guidelines elaborated by the French Platform for animal health surveillance. Results indicated differences in within‐herd seroprevalence between cattle herds and sheep herds in departments where outbreaks of congenital SBV were reported in early 2012 and a great heterogeneity in seroprevalence between areas (even between areas geographically close to each other). In departments which had been severely affected in early 2012, the overall impact of SBV infection in cattle herds during the 2012–2013 calving season will probably be low. On the other hand, given the low proportion of immunised ewes in sheep SBV outbreaks, sheep flocks which were already affected in early 2012 may once again face congenital cases of SBV.
Stromal Responses among Common Carcinomas Correlated with Clinicopathologic Features
Authors: Chen Julia L-Y. , Espinosa Iñigo , Lin Albert Y. , Liao Olivia Y-W. , van de Rijn Matt , West Robert B. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Purpose: We have previously characterized a tumor stroma expression signature in a subset of breast tumors that correlates with better clinical outcome. The purpose of this study is to determine whether this stromal signature, termed the “DTF fibroblast” (desmoid-type fibromatosis) signature, is specific to breast cancer or is a common stromal response found in different types of cancer.
Experimental Designs: The DTF fibroblast signature was applied to gene expression profiles from five ovarian, five lung, two colon, and three prostate cancer expression microarray datasets. In addition, two different tissue microarrays of 204 ovarian tumors and 140 colon tumors were examined for the expression of previously characterized protein markers of DTF fibroblast signature. The DTF fibroblast stromal response was then correlated with clinicopathologic features.
Results: The DTF fibroblast signature is robustly present in ovarian, lung, and colon carcinomas. Both expression microarray data and immunohistochemistry show that the subset of ovarian tumors with strong DTF fibroblast signature expression has statistically significant, worse survival outcomes. No reproducible survival differences were found in either the lung or the colon cancers. The prostate cancers failed to show a DTF fibroblast signature. Multivariant analysis showed that DTF fibroblast signature was significantly more prognostic than the proliferation status in ovarian carcinomas.
Conclusions: Our results suggest that the DTF fibroblast signature is a common tumor stroma signature in different types of cancer, including ovarian, lung, and colon carcinomas. Our findings provide further insight into the DTF fibroblast stromal responses across different types of carcinomas and their potential as prognostic and therapeutic targets. Clin Cancer Res; 19(18); 5127–35. ©2013 AACR.
Novel Targeting of Phospho-cMET Overcomes Drug Resistance and Induces Antitumor Activity in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Moschetta Michele , Basile Antonio , Ferrucci Arianna , Frassanito Maria Antonia , Rao Luigia , Ria Roberto , Solimando Antonio Giovanni , Giuliani Nicola , Boccarelli Angelina , Fumarola Fabio , Coluccia Mauro , Rossini Bernardo , Ruggieri Simona , Nico Beatrice , Maiorano Eugenio , Ribatti Domenico , Roccaro Aldo M. , Vacca Angelo 
Published: June 2013

AbstractPurpose: The aim of the study was to verify the hypothesis that the cMet oncogene is implicated in chemio- and novel drug resistance in multiple myeloma.Experimental Design: We have evaluated the expression levels of cMET/phospho-cMET (p-cMET) and the activity of the novel selective p-cMET inhibitor (SU11274) in multiple myeloma cells, either sensitive (RPMI-8226 and MM.1S) or resistant (R5 and MM.1R) to anti–multiple myeloma drugs, in primary plasma cells and in multiple myeloma xenograft models.Results: We found that resistant R5 and MM.1R cells presented with higher cMET phosphorylation, thus leading to constitutive activation of cMET-dependent signaling pathways. R5 cells exhibited a higher susceptibility to the SU11274 inhibitory effects on viability, proliferation, chemotaxis, adhesion, and to its apoptogenic effects. SU11274 was able to revert drug resistance in R5 cells. R5 but not RPMI-8226 cells displayed cMET-dependent activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. The cMET and p-cMET expression was higher on plasma cells from patients with multiple myeloma at relapse or on drug resistance than on those from patients at diagnosis, complete/partial remission, or from patients with monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance. Viability, chemotaxis, adhesion to fibronectin or paired bone marrow stromal cells of plasma cells from relapsed or resistant patients was markedly inhibited by SU11274. Importantly, SU11274 showed higher therapeutic activity in R5- than in RPMI-8226–induced plasmocytomas. In R5 tumors, it caused apoptosis and necrosis and reverted bortezomib resistance.Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the cMET pathway is constitutively activated in relapsed and resistant multiple myeloma where it may also be responsible for induction of drug resistance, thus providing the preclinical rationale for targeting cMET in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. Clin Cancer Res; 19(16); 4371–82. ©2013 AACR.
Pharmacologic Inhibition of MEK Signaling Prevents Growth of Canine Hemangiosarcoma
Authors: Andersen Nicholas J. , Nickoloff Brian J. , Dykema Karl J. , Boguslawski Elissa A. , Krivochenitser Roman I. , Froman Roe E. , Dawes Michelle J. , Baker Laurence H. , Thomas Dafydd G. , Kamstock Debra A. , Kitchell Barbara E. , Furge Kyle A. , Duesbery Nicholas S. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Angiosarcoma is a rare neoplasm of endothelial origin that has limited treatment options and poor five-year survival. As a model for human angiosarcoma, we studied primary cells and tumorgrafts derived from canine hemangiosarcoma (HSA), which is also an endothelial malignancy with similar presentation and histology. Primary cells isolated from HSA showed constitutive extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK) activation. The mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal–regulated kinase (MEK) inhibitor CI-1040 reduced ERK activation and the viability of primary cells derived from visceral, cutaneous, and cardiac HSA in vitro. HSA-derived primary cells were also sensitive to sorafenib, an inhibitor of B-Raf and multireceptor tyrosine kinases. In vivo, CI-1040 or PD0325901 decreased the growth of cutaneous cell-derived xenografts and cardiac-derived tumorgrafts. Sorafenib decreased tumor size in both in vivo models, although cardiac tumorgrafts were more sensitive. In human angiosarcoma, we noted that 50% of tumors stained positively for phosphorylated ERK1/2 and that the expression of several MEK-responsive transcription factors was upregulated. Our data showed that MEK signaling is essential for the growth of HSA in vitro and in vivo and provided evidence that the same pathways are activated in human angiosarcoma. This indicates that MEK inhibitors may form part of an effective therapeutic strategy for the treatment of canine HSA or human angiosarcoma, and it highlights the use of spontaneous canine cancers as a model of human disease. Mol Cancer Ther; 12(9); 1701–14. ©2013 AACR.
Ethacrynic Acid Oxadiazole Analogs Induce Apoptosis in Malignant Hematologic Cells through Downregulation of Mcl-1 and c-FLIP, Which Was Attenuated by GSTP1-1
Authors: Liu Guyue , Wang Rui , Wang Yuetong , Li Pengzhan , Zhao Guisen , Zhao Linxiang , Jing Yongkui 
Published: June 2013

AbstractEthacrynic acid, a diuretic, inhibits glutathione S-transferase P1-1 (GSTP1-1) activity and induces cell death in malignant cells at high concentrations. To improve ethacrynic acid activity, ethacrynic acid oxadiazole analogs 6s and 6u were synthesized. Although both compounds have greater antiproliferative effects than ethacrynic acid in human HL-60 cells, 6u has a reduced ability to inhibit GSTP1-1 activity. The mechanisms of both 6s- and 6u-induced cell death as well as the role of GSTP1-1 in their actions were studied. Both 6s and 6u equally induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells due to the activation of caspase-3, -9, and -8, which was correlated with the downregulation of antiapoptotic proteins c-FLIP, Mcl-1, and XIAP. The caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK blocked the reduction of XIAP, but not of c-FLIP and Mcl-1, in 6s-treated cells. The reduction of c-FLIP and Mcl-1 by 6s was not blocked by the proteasomal inhibitor MG132, but was correlated with inhibition of the phosphorylation of extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK) and eIF4E. Both 6s and 6u decreased the intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels. N-acetylcysteine blocked reduction in the levels of Mcl-1, c-FLIP, and intracellular GSH as well as apoptosis in HL-60 cells treated by either compound. Silencing of GSTP1-1 in K562 cells sensitized, but overexpression of GSTP1-1 in Raji cells blocked, apoptosis induction by either compound. GSH conjugation at the methylene group abrogated the ability of inducing apoptosis. These data suggest that the methylene group plays an important role in the downregulation of c-FLIP and Mcl-1 proteins and apoptosis induction, which is inactivated by GSTP1-1 by forming GSH conjugates. Mol Cancer Ther; 12(9); 1837–47. ©2013 AACR.
New Social Rights and Internet: Which Policies Combine Them?
Authors: De Minico Giovanna 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
This article is divided into two parts. The first deals with the regulating models of the Internet’s freedoms, and considers the automatic implementation of rules concerning off line rights, the absence of any rule whatsoever, or the creation of ones porous to the technical specifications of the means, but observing system guarantees. The second discusses whether and how to regulate the Internet. The author challenges the myth of uncontrolled self-regulation sensitive to the sole interests of “private governments”, in favour of a streamlined public presence, so as to prove decisive on the issues of Internet governance and the hierarchy of law’s sources. The red thread between the two parts unravels in the consideration of the individuation of supra-national values, the Internet’s democratic nature, and the effectiveness of new rights necessary for technological progress benefitting everybody, not only those already enjoying a commanding position in economic competition or democratic activity.
New Global Limits of Liability for Maritime Claims
Authors: Martínez Gutiérrez Norman A. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
The current international regime regulating global limitation of liability for maritime claims is based on the 1976 Convention on Limitation of Liability for Maritime Claims (LLMC Convention) as amended by the 1996 Protocol thereto. This Protocol, in an effort to promote expediency, introduced an efficient system for the updating of the limits of liability through the adoption of a tacit acceptance procedure. In accordance with this procedure, and based on an Australian proposal, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) Legal Committee adopted new limits of liability for maritime claims through Resolution LEG.5(99) of 19 April 2012. This paper thus outlines the limits of liability set out in the 1996 LLMC Protocol and then discusses briefly the new limits of liability adopted by the Legal Committee through the tacit acceptance procedure. The paper also highlights the outstanding issues which are yet to be discussed by the Legal Committee in its future work.