bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overview of treatment methods of tannery wastewater
Authors: Husain Atif , Ansari Mohd Asif , Khan Afzal Husain , Shadan Mohd , Baig M.Wasi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Poor waste management, particularly the wastewater from tanning procedures, has led to significant environmental issues and eventually harmed human health. Most tanneries still use traditional production techniques and release toxic heavy metals into the sewage system without properly treating it. In this regard, chromium (Cr) present in the effluent from tanneries is one of the toxins that are carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic. This review paper summarized the research conducted on tannery effluent treatments by briefly covering the techniques for treating Cr metal and its removal efficiency. Further, future aspects and proposals have also discussed. Researchers have used various treatment methods such as activated sludge, chemical precipitation, coagulation, coagulation-aided sedimentation, membrane filtration and AOP (Advanced oxidation process). A review of the literature showed that the level of hazardous Cr has been significantly reduced to low amounts by using several physico-chemical treatment methods. This review paper will be helpful to practising engineers in the selection of proper methods for treating tannery effluent and researchers in conducting their future studies.
Modelling Of Seawater Intrusion In Munroe Island, Kollam District, Kerala, India
Authors: Ansari Aakhila , Meera V , Vinod P 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Munroe Island is an island situated at the meeting point of Ashtamudi Lake and the Kallada River in Kerala’s Kollam district. It has been confronted with a substantial issue of salinity intrusion, which has been adversely impacting the groundwater’s quality on the island. To combat these, it is necessary to develop a groundwater management model. The present study aims the modelling of seawater intrusion using FEFLOW. The main objectives of this study are to develop a numerical model using FEFLOW for groundwater flow and contaminant transport, as well as to identify the affected areas and the extent of seawater intrusion. From 2015 to 2021, the ingress of saline water into the island was assessed, and a forecasted simulation of seawater intrusion was conducted for normal conditions and due to 1% increase in pumping conditions until the year 2050. The study revealed that Edachal South is the area most susceptible to seawater intrusion. In normal conditions, the extent of saline water intrusion is around 1.123 km, and under increased pumping scenarios, it is expected to rise by 3.3%. The study’s findings highlight that a significant portion of Munroe Island will be at risk of seawater intrusion by the end of 2050.
Low Impact Development-An effective tool towards urban flood resilience
Authors: Ambily P , Reddy B Sandeep Kumar , Ganesh D Chohan , Swaroop T Sai , Chithra N R 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The uncertainties created by climate change and the pressure of urbanisation create unparalleled challenges to urban disaster management. Conventional solutions to urban infrastructure management are no longer sufficient to combat emerging challenges. Among all the disasters, floods require special attention because of the destruction it is causing to the economy and their frequency of occurrence. Managing urban pluvial floods is causing a real challenge due to the uncertainties about the source and direction of flow and the insufficiency of grey infrastructure. Low Impact Development (LID) technologies are recognised by many researchers as an effective method to support the existing grey infrastructure. In this paper, the authors analyse and understand the effectiveness of LID techniques in creating urban flood resilience. A frequently flooded region in the south-Indian, coastal city of Kochi is selected as the study region. The results indicate that, among the three experimented options of porous pavements, bio-retention cells and rain barrels, permeable pavements created the highest reduction in the run-off if used in isolation. However, a combination of various technologies is found to be more efficient than localised attempts in a micro-scale. The study also found that the efficacy of LID technologies depends on the local characteristics, including topography, soil type and spatial availability. The research can be further carried out using more LID technologies and linking it with the existing drainage network.
District-wise rainfall trend analysis by using non-parametric approach: A case of the State of Haryana, India
Authors: Panwar Manoj , Rathee Chetna , Kaur Harsimran 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The current water usage in different sectors and climate change have created pressure on the universal availability of essential resources for life. Rainfall is an integral part of the entire water cycle. Planning for sustainable water management requires proper forecasting of Rainfall, which further involves trend analysis. Mann-Kendall analysis and Sen Slope estimation are established non-parametric tests for trend forecasting in hydrological data. The present research analysed the monthly and annual rainfall data of all districts of the state of Haryana for 1991-2019 using Mann Kendall and Sen Slope techniques at 95%, 90% and 80% significance level. The results show that overall rainfall in Haryana has a decreasing trend. The decreasing trend is more prominent for February, June, July and August. August has the highest number of districts, showing a negative direction. Only a few sections show an increasing trend at a low significance level. The researchers suggest implementing stringent and integrated sustainable water management policies in the state of Haryana for water security in future in light of climate change.
Behaviour of steel-fiber reinforced concrete at elevated temperatures
Authors: Golani Divyansh , Mohanty Sanjiv , Yadav Niranjan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The construction sector offers a wide variety of fibers that have the potential to enhance the properties of concrete, including its strength, durability, and visual appeal. This study focuses on investigating the effects of temperature on Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete (SFRC) and aims to present the findings of an experimental analysis. The experiment involved subjecting samples of both SFRC and regular concrete to various temperatures, ranging from room temperature to 100, 300, and 600°C. The objective was to analyse and compare the characteristics of these concretes under different temperature conditions. The SFRC utilized in the experiment consisted of hooked-end steel fibers, which were 30mm in length and 0.60mm in diameter. Both types of concrete underwent a series of tests to determine their compression, split tensile, and flexural strength. The obtained results were meticulously examined and evaluated to draw meaningful conclusions. The findings of our study revealed that the SFRC concrete not only exhibited improved strength but also demonstrated a commendable level of ductility. Additionally, this paper explores the comparison of crack patterns between the two types of concrete and discusses how these crack patterns contribute to enhancing the reliability of SFRC concrete. The experiments outcomes shed light on the potential benefits of using SFRC in construction applications, particularly in scenarios involving varying temperatures. By incorporating steel fibers, concrete can be fortified to withstand temperature fluctuations and maintain its structural integrity. This study contributes to the growing body of knowledge in the field of construction materials and provides valuable insights for engineers and practitioners seeking to optimize the performance of concrete structures.
Grey Earned Duration Management
Authors: Kapuganti Chitti Babu , Balaji K.V.G.D , Kumar T. Santhosh , Mogili Sudhakar 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Project management is the process of planning, organising, leading, monitoring, controlling, and closing a project. Earned Value Management (EVM) is the conventional method for monitoring and controlling construction projects. Schedule monitoring with EVM has a lower impact since it measures in budgetary terms. Earned Duration Method (EDM) was presented, which decouples schedule and cost aspects. The parameters in EDM monitors the health of the project schedule and gives the estimated completion date. EDM results are indeterministic, so the estimators require expertise in order to comprehend them. For this purpose, the present study proposes a new methodology entitled “Grey Earned Duration Management (GEDM)” by associating EDM and grey theory. From GEDM, estimators can get a clear idea about the degree of control measures to consider based on the project progress at a particular point in time. GEDM can precisely forecast the upper bound and lower bound of the estimated duration at completion for every tracking point. GEDM significantly enhances the results of EDM by providing a range of the estimated parameter. This paper also presents a case study to distinguish EDM and GEDM.
Synthesis of ZnO-TiO2-WO3 tertiary heterojunction for improved photocatalytic degradation of dyes using visible light
Authors: Thuy Pham Thi , Hue Bui Thi Cam , Sang Nguyen Xuan , Lieu Long Phuoc , Thanh Thuy Le Thi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
A ZnO-TiO2-WO3 tertiary heterojunction was synthesized using the facile sol gel and calcination methods from Zn (II), Ti (IV) and W (VI) precursors. The ZnO-TiO2-WO3 material exhibits remarkable photocatalytic performance, settling the obstacles of the pristine ZnO, TiO2, and WO3 materials. The results indicate that the composite material possesses a nanoparticle morphology alongside individual component phases. Inclusion of WO3 expands the absorption range of the composite material towards the visible region and reduces the recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs compared to single-phase ZnO and TiO2, where ZnO doping reduces the conduction band potential, while WO3 enhances the valence band potential, helping to convert H2O and OH into free radicals. Photocatalytic activity reveals a 92% degradation of methylene blue (20 mg/L) after 120 minutes of illumination, increased by 2 to 3 times compared to single-phase materials. An optimal Zn:Ti:W molar ratio of 6.4:5.5:1.0 was identified, which improves the hold of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. Furthermore, the ZnO-TiO2-WO3 material also demonstrates robustness over four usage cycles, maitaining methylene blue degradation above 84% in visible light. These findings indicate that the ZnO-TiO2-WO3 tertiary heterojunction has been shown to be highly effective in the degradation of dye in wastewater, offering a promising approach to environmental remediation.
Study of three-dimensional spatial diffuse discharge in contact electrode structure applied to air purification
Authors: XU 徐 Shuai 帅 , LIU 刘 Wenzheng 文正 , QIN 秦 Jiaying 嘉莹 , SUN 孙 Yiwei 艺娓 , JIANG 姜 Xitao 希涛 , QI 祁 Qi 琪 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In this work, based on the role of pre-ionization of the non-uniform electric field and its effect of reducing the collisional ionization coefficient, a diffuse dielectric barrier discharge plasma is formed in the open space outside the electrode structure at a lower voltage by constructing a three-dimensional non-uniform spatial electric field using a contact electrode structure. The air purification study is also carried out. Firstly, a contact electrode structure is constructed using a three-dimensional wire electrode. The distribution characteristics of the spatial electric field formed by this electrode structure are analyzed, and the effects of the non-uniform electric field and the different angles of the vertical wire on the generation of three-dimensional spatial diffuse discharge are investigated. Secondly, the copper foam contact electrode structure is constructed using copper foam material, and the effects of different mesh sizes on the electric field distribution are analyzed. The results show that as the mesh size of the copper foam becomes larger, a strong electric field region exists not only on the surface of the insulating layer, but also on the surface of the vertical wires inside the copper foam, i.e., the strong electric field region shows a three-dimensional distribution. Besides, as the mesh size increases, the area of the vertical strong electric field also increases. However, the electric field strength on the surface of the insulating layer gradually decreases. Therefore, the appropriate mesh size can effectively increase the discharge area, which is conducive to improving the air purification efficiency. Finally, a highly permeable stacked electrode structure of multilayer wire-copper foam is designed. In combination with an ozone treatment catalyst, an air purification device is fabricated, and the air purification experiment is carried out.
Political trust and public support for climate policy in Europe: the role of perceptions about politicians’ competence and integrity
Authors: Kulin Joakim , Johansson Sevä Ingemar , Fairbrother Malcolm 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
While previous studies on the relationship between political trust and support for climate policy have focused on the evaluative component of trust, namely whether politicians and the political system can be trusted or not, less is known about the role of different dimensions of trustworthiness that underlie such evaluations. In this study, we examine how perceptions about politicians’ competence and integrity, two central dimensions of trustworthiness, are related to public support for climate policies. Using survey data from four European countries (Sweden, Germany, Spain, and Poland), we find that people who think that politicians are competent are generally more likely to support climate policy. In contrast, we do not find such a relationship between integrity perceptions (e.g., corruption) and policy attitudes. These findings are consistent across national contexts and hold even when alternating the measures capturing competence and integrity perceptions. To bolster public support for climate policies, climate communication should prioritize addressing public concerns regarding politicians’ competence in designing sound climate policies, rather than alleviating concerns about their integrity, such as fears of corruption.
Net zero emission and sustainable development in electricity: emerging Asia’s Bangladesh context in global perspective
Authors: Ghosh Bablu K , Ahmed Sajib , Datta Ujjwal , Mekhilef Saad 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Electricity plays a crucial role in the energy sector. Its production often leads to substantial CO2 emissions, contributing much to climate change. This issue is principally crucial in rapidly developing Asian economies where surging energy demands involve huge emission concerns. This study focuses on the assessment of net-zero emission (NZE) scenarios for electricity in emerging Asia. Following the guidelines of the International Energy Agency, the imperative of sustainable energy and environmental practices extends beyond developed economies to include developing ones. To mitigate emissions, innovative strategies to curtail non-renewable energy (RE) sources are essential. By exploring the dynamics of primary energy flow, and electricity-related emissions, this research emphasizes the significance of integrating substantial RE proportions within diverse setups. A theoretical framework is proposed by employing thermodynamic models that link energy mix configurations to environmental outcomes. Given the considerable population in developing Asian nations, a delicate equilibrium between energy demands and environmental stewardship is imperative, aligning with sustainable development goals. The study establishes the correlations between thermodynamic models and energy scenario variations, particularly within the context of the Global Energy and Climate model and NZE policy framework under universal energy access protocols. Hereafter, this paper examines Bangladesh’s energy management trajectory, focusing on its status as the most climate-vulnerable region in developing Asia and the world. Finally, a suitable energy management pathway for Bangladesh to contribute insights into the alignment of energy policies with environmental and development goals has been proposed to achieve sustainable energy futures.
Modeling natural resources exploitation in low-information environments
Authors: Muñoz-Álvarez Silvia , Gracia-Lázaro Carlos , Moreno Yamir 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The sustainable exploitation of natural resources constitutes a real-world problem of interest for many fields. In this work, we study those situations in which the exploiting agents have information about the state of the resource and their own benefits and costs but not about the behavior or performance of the rest of the agents. Cognitive Hierarchy Theory provides a framework for those low-information scenarios by focusing on the assumptions that agents make about other individuals’ behavior. Motivated by this theory, we introduce a theoretical agent-based model in which agents exhibit varying degrees of rationalization when exploiting the resource, and this resource’s evolution is driven by a differential equation that mirrors the dynamics of real-world resource growth. Our results show that, although most regimes imply depletion, higher benefits and sustainability are obtained when agents assume overexploitation by the rest and try to compensate for it. Furthermore, many exploiting agents and a long-term perspective also involve a better resource state, reaching the optimal exploitation level when all these factors come together.
Did Anglophone Philosophers Design ‘the Enlightenment’?
Authors: Clark J C D 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
If English discourse was as explored in Chapter 3, how was it then employed by English, or Scots, philosophers? Chapter 4 retrieves the work of the earlier English historian of philosophy, Thomas Stanley, and finds there no parallels with later secularism. It offers longer analyses of the works of John Locke and David Hume. In Locke it finds no workable secular defence of human rights theory; in Hume it discerns only unsuccessful attempts to establish a ‘science of man’. In the writings of Mary Wollstonecraft it identifies her Anglican heritage, one that created an immediate rapport with Samuel Johnson; in William Godwin’s work, despite its brief fame, it finds no philosophy able to achieve his pacific withering away of the state. Whatever the sympathies of the elite with the philosophers responsive to the French Revolution, it finds a successful reply in what has been called the ‘anti-Jacobin novel’.
Was British Empiricism the Framework of Common Sense?
Authors: Clark J C D 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The idea that British philosophy in the eighteenth century was dominated by an empiricism that originated with Locke came later to reinforce the notion that the Enlightenment represented the ‘common sense’ of the ‘common man’, and hence had the authority of practice; a misreading of Locke’s Essay Concerning Humane Understanding seemed to give this model the added authority of principle. Chapter 7 shows that ‘empiricism’, meaning a branch of epistemology, was of much later application to philosophy, and that it did not emerge fully fledged until the early twentieth century. In the eighteenth century the term ‘empiricism’ was in widespread use, but as an insult.
The Spectre of State Capitalism
Authors: Alami Ilias , Dixon Adam D 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The state is back, and it means business. Since the turn of the twenty-first century, state-owned enterprises, sovereign funds, and policy banks have vastly expanded their control over assets and markets. Concurrently, governments have experimented with increasingly assertive modalities of statism, from techno-industrial policies and spatial development strategies to economic nationalism and trade and investment restrictions. This book argues that we are currently witnessing a historic arc in the trajectories of state intervention, characterized by a drastic reconfiguration of the state’s role as promoter, supervisor, shareholder-investor, and direct owner of capital across the world economy. It offers a comprehensive analysis of this ‘new state capitalism’, as commentators increasingly refer to it. It maps out its key empirical manifestations across a range of geographies, cases, and issue areas. The book shows that the new state capitalism is rooted in deep geopolitical economic and financial processes pertaining to the secular development of global capitalism, as much as it is the product of the geoeconomic agency of states and the global corporate strategies of leading firms. The book demonstrates that the proliferation of muscular modalities of statist interventionism and the increasing concentration of capital in the hands of states indicate foundational shifts in global capitalism. This includes a growing fusion of private and state capital and the development of flexible and liquid forms of property that collapse the distinction between state and private ownership, control, and management. This has fundamental implications for the nature and operations of global capitalism and world politics.
Theories, Tensions, Controversies
Authors: Alami Ilias , Dixon Adam D 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The chapter critically reviews the theories, tensions, and controversies surrounding the study of state capitalism. To the students, researchers, and practitioners who are new to the field, this chapter will provide a useful overview and introduction of recent scholarship and debates on the new state capitalism. How has the ‘new’ state capitalism been theorized and explained? In exploring this question, the chapter synthesizes key arguments and identifies surprising silences and omissions, in four bodies of literature: strategic management, comparative capitalism, development studies, and global political economy. It notes difficulties in theorizing how state capitalism differs from other forms of capitalism, as well as problematic geographical assumptions concerning the nature and scale of state capitalism. Explanations tend to focus on the rise of a nationally scaled and relatively coherent variant of capitalism. These assumptions about the spatialities of the new state capitalism restrict readings of its rise and significance. Importantly, they leave little appreciation for the various forms of interconnections, inter-referentiality, and combination that may exist between the new repertoires of state intervention across the territorial borders of nation-states. They also preclude a reflection on the historic development and self-transformation of global capitalism, such as planetary mutations in the spheres of production, circulation, and distribution of value. This points to the need for an explicitly geographical approach, one that allows probing into the multiple spatialities (beyond nation-state centric territoriality) and temporalities (beyond that of catch-up development and crises) at the core of contemporary state capitalism.