bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiopulmonary exercise testing in post-COVID-19 patients
Authors: Nugent Kenneth 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Patients with prior COVID-19 infection can have residual symptoms and significant disability. In particular, some patients have abnormal lung function with reduced volumes and diffusion capacities. However, some patients have relatively normal lung function and chest x-rays but have significant dyspnea. These patients have been evaluated using cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) to determine their peak O2 consumption and their cardiac and respiratory responses during standardized testing. In general, these studies demonstrate that the level of impairment correlates with the severity of the initial infection. In addition, some patients have little or no improvement in their VO2 over time. This test can provide some insight as to exact system limitations resulting in impairment. Six-minute walk tests provide alternative approaches for evaluating patients when CPET testing is not available. Most patients who have had prior COVID infection improve with standard pulmonary rehabilitation.
Keywords: COVID-19 infection, dyspnea, cardiopulmonary exercise testing, rehabilitation
Discovering Causal Models with Optimization: Confounders, Cycles, and Instrument Validity
Authors: Eberhardt Frederick , Kaynar Nur , Siddiq Auyon 
Published: July 2024

We propose a new optimization-based method for learning causal structures from observational data, a process known as causal discovery. Our method takes as input observational data over a set of variables and returns a graph in which causal relations are specified by directed edges. We consider a highly general search space that accommodates latent confounders and feedback cycles, which few extant methods do. We formulate the discovery problem as an integer program, and propose a solution technique that exploits the conditional independence structure in the data to identify promising edges for inclusion in the output graph. In the large-sample limit, our method recovers a graph that is (Markov) equivalent to the true data-generating graph. Computationally, our method is competitive with the state-of-the-art, and can solve in minutes instances that are intractable for alternative causal discovery methods. We leverage our method to develop a procedure for investigating the validity of an instrumental variable and demonstrate it on the influential quarter-of-birth and proximity-to-college instruments for estimating the returns to education. In particular, our procedure complements existing instrument tests by revealing the precise causal pathways that undermine instrument validity, highlighting the unique merits of the graphical perspective on causality. This paper was accepted by J. George Shanthikumar, data science. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2021.02066 .
Managing Concurrent Interactions in Online Time Slot Booking Systems for Attended Home Delivery
Authors: Visser Thomas R. , Agatz Niels , Spliet Remy 
Published: July 2024

Many goods and services require the customer to be at home to receive the delivery. In the context of attended home delivery, customers can typically choose from a menu of delivery time slots. We consider the problem of dynamically managing the offered time slots and delivery bookings given the available fleet capacity. When multiple customers interact with the online booking system at the same time, this can lead to conflicts. Although managing such concurrent interactions is an important challenge in attended home delivery systems, it has not yet been addressed in the literature. We present a concurrency control strategy and several fast route planning approaches to manage time slots in real time. To combine fast response times with high quality slotting decisions, we introduce background procedures that use the time between successive order placements to improve the performance of the time slot offer and validation procedures. Our detailed computational experiments based on realistic instances provide insights into the effectiveness of our background procedures and the complex trade-offs between waiting times, valid orders, and invalid orders. We also discuss several relevant new areas of research in concurrency control for time slot management. Funding: This work was supported by the Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek [Grant 438-213-204]. It is co-funded by ORTEC B.V. and AH.nl.
Validating LORCAT, the Log Recovery Analysis Tool
Authors: Thomas R. Edward , Buehlmann Urs , Bennett Neal 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The Log Recovery Analysis Tool (LORCAT) is a simulation tool that allows users to examine the impact of changes in the hardwood log-sawing process on sawn volume, grade recovery, and profit. LORCAT was designed to be simple to use and requires a minimum of user data entry. While the results of LORCAT have been informally compared to sawmill results by users, no formal validation of results has yet been performed. This study compared LORCAT’s simulated recovery results to that of an actual sawmill. For the 42 hardwood log samples we examined, we found no significant statistical difference in the total sawn volume produced. However, significant differences were found with the number of boards produced, which resulted from differences in the accuracy of targeting the opening-face board size.
Direct-modulation optoelectronic oscillator for optical pulse and frequency comb generation
Authors: Sinquin Brian , Romanelli Marco , Alouini Mehdi , Vallet Marc 
Published: July 2024

We report the generation of an optical pulse train with a 10 GHz repetition rate in a dual loop direct-modulation optoelectronic oscillator (OEO). Pulse generation is achieved using nonlinear compression in the OEO 5-km-long optical delay line. 3 ps pulses with a timing jitter of 13 fs are reported, while the OEO maintains a phase noise of −133dBc/Hz at 10 kHz from the carrier. Two architectures are compared experimentally and theoretically. A frequency comb with a 1.2 THz linewidth at −30dB is generated.
Anesthetics drug wastage and preventive strategies: Systematic review
Authors: Habte Meseret Firde , Tegegne Biresaw Ayen , Alemayehu Tikuneh Yetneberk 
Published: July 2024

Background
Surgical Patients and hospitals are now facing financial strain due to direct anesthetic demand as a result of the development of new anesthetic drugs, equipment, and techniques. Up to 15% of a hospital’s pharmacy budget is currently allocated to anesthetic drug expenses. Drug wastage during anesthesia practice is a widespread hidden source of healthcare waste that leads to anesthetic drug shortages as well as poor operating room efficiency. On the other hand, despite the fact that it is preventable in the vast majority of cases, it is well described that drug wastage is routinely observed, including in developing countries where the consequences significantly affect both hospitals and patients.

Methods
This review aims to review the prevalence of anesthetic drug waste across the world and systematically formulate and describe preventive strategies. Relevant publications were identified using systematic searches on databases including Google Scholar, Medline (PubMed), the Cochrane Library, and Embase. In addition, papers were detected and then selected through the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) criteria guidelines and the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Using the predetermined terms and dates from the searching databases, a total of 504 articles were identified. Based on the screening criteria, 16 papers were considered eligible and included in the final review. In addition, the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Manual for Evidence Synthesis was used for evaluating the quality of selected articles. This study is registered on PROSPERO, number CRD42024497044.

Results
Of the sixteen publications from eleven different nations that were considered suitable for inclusion, only two of them addressed the waste of inhalational anesthetics. In more than half of eligible articles, propofol was the frequently wasted drug that contributed to increased financial loss through drug waste. The first most significant factor contributing to the waste of intravenous and inhalational anesthetics was the disposal of multidrug vials following their use for a single patient and high fresh gas flow, respectively.

Conclusion
Anesthetic medication waste is a common occurrence worldwide, despite the fact that it is expensive and has a significant negative impact on operating room efficiency. Because the majority of drug waste is avoidable, preventive measures may lower drug waste and improve patient and hospital efficiency.
The Liver Cirrhosis Network Cohort Study: Cirrhosis Definition, Study Population, and Endpoints
Authors: Tapper Elliot B. , Goldberg David , Parikh Neehar D. , Terrault Norah A. , Welch Nicole , Sharpton Suzanne , Hameed Bilal , Khalili Mandana , Stolz Andrew , Verna Elizabeth C. , Brown Robert S. , Sanyal Arun J. , VanWagner Lisa , Ladner Daniela P. , Moylan Cynthia A. , Diehl Anna Mae , Jones Patricia D. , Loomba Rohit , Dasarathy Srinivasan , Simonetto Douglas A. , Shah Vijay H. , Bajaj Jasmohan S. ,   for the LCN Study Group
Published: July 2024

INTRODUCTION:One of the primary goals of the Liver Cirrhosis Network (LCN) is to develop a cohort study to better understand and predict the risk of hepatic decompensation and other clinical and patient-reported outcomes among patients with Child A cirrhosis.METHODS:The LCN consists of a Scientific Data Coordinating Center and 10 clinical centers whose investigators populate multiple committees. The LCN Definitions and Measurements Committee developed preliminary definitions of cirrhosis and its complications by literature review, expert opinion, and reviewing definition documents developed by other organizations. The Cohort Committee developed the study protocol with the input of the steering committee.RESULTS:The LCN developed a prospective cohort study to describe and predict the rates of incident clinical events pertaining to first decompensation and patient-reported outcomes. The LCN developed a pragmatic definition of compensated cirrhosis incorporating clinical, laboratory, imaging, and histological criteria. Definitions of incident and recompensated ascites, overt hepatic encephalopathy, variceal hemorrhage, bleeding because of portal gastropathy, and hepatocellular carcinoma were also codified.DISCUSSION:The LCN Cohort Study design will inform the natural history of cirrhosis in contemporary patients with compensated cirrhosis. The LCN Definitions and Measures Committee developed criteria for the definition of cirrhosis to standardize entry into this multicenter cohort study and standardized criteria for liver-related outcome measures. This effort has produced definitions intended to be both sensitive and specific as well as easily operationalized by study staff such that outcomes critical to the LCN cohort are identified and reported in an accurate and generalizable fashion.REGISTRATION:NCT05740358.
Stroke‐induced excess in capillarization relative to oxidative capacity in rats is muscle specific
Authors: Degens Hans , Paudyal Arjun , Kwakkel Gert , Slevin Mark , Maas Huub 
Published: July 2024

AbstractStroke is not only associated with muscle weakness, but also associated with reduced muscle fatigue resistance and reduced desaturation during exercise that may be caused by a reduced oxidative capacity and/or microvasculature. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to determine the effects of stroke on muscle mass, fiber size and shape, capillarization and oxidative capacity of the rat m. extensor carpi radialis (ECR) and m. flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) after a photothrombotic stroke in the forelimb region of the primary sensorimotor cortex. The main observation of the present study was that 4 weeks after induction of stroke there were no significant changes in muscle fiber size and shape. Although there was no significant capillary rarefaction, there was some evidence for remodeling of the capillary bed as reflected by a reduced heterogeneity of capillary spacing (p = 0.006) that may result in improved muscle oxygenation. In the ECR, but not in the FCU, this was accompanied by reduction in muscle fiber oxidative capacity as reflected by reduced optical density of sections stained for succinate dehydrogenase (p = 0.013). The reduced oxidative capacity and absence of significant capillary rarefaction resulted in a capillary to fiber ratio per unit of oxidative capacity that was higher after stroke in the ECR (p = 0.01), but not in the FCU. This suggests that at least during the early stages, stroke is not necessarily accompanied by muscle fiber atrophy, and that stroke‐induced reductions in oxidative capacity resulting in relative excess of capillarization are muscle specific.
Assessment of cardiovascular risk and physical activity: the role of cardiac-specific biomarkers in the general population and athletes
Authors: Clerico Aldo , Zaninotto Martina , Aimo Alberto , Galli Claudio , Sandri Maria Teresa , Correale Mario , Dittadi Ruggero , Migliardi Marco , Fortunato Antonio , Belloni Lucia , Plebani Mario 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The first part of this Inter-Society Document describes the mechanisms involved in the development of cardiovascular diseases, particularly arterial hypertension, in adults and the elderly. It will also examine how consistent physical exercise during adolescence and adulthood can help maintain blood pressure levels and prevent progression to symptomatic heart failure. The discussion will include experimental and clinical evidence on the use of specific exercise programs for preventing and controlling cardiovascular diseases in adults and the elderly. In the second part, the clinical relevance of cardiac-specific biomarkers in assessing cardiovascular risk in the general adult population will be examined, with a focus on individuals engaged in sports activities. This section will review recent studies that suggest a significant role of biomarkers in assessing cardiovascular risk, particularly the presence of cardiac damage, in athletes who participate in high-intensity sports. Finally, the document will discuss the potential of using cardiac-specific biomarkers to monitor the effectiveness of personalized physical activity programs (Adapted Physical Activity, APA). These programs are prescribed for specific situations, such as chronic diseases or physical disabilities, including cardiovascular diseases. The purposes of this Inter-Society Document are the following: 1) to discuss the close pathophysiological relationship between physical activity levels (ranging from sedentary behavior to competitive sports), age categories (from adolescence to elderly age), and the development of cardiovascular diseases; 2) to review in detail the experimental and clinical evidences supporting the role of cardiac biomarkers in identifying athletes and individuals of general population at higher cardiovascular risk; 3) to stimulate scientific societies and organizations to develop specific multicenter studies that may take into account the role of cardiac biomarkers in subjects who follow specific exercise programs in order to monitor their cardiovascular risk.
Phytochemicals as eco-friendly corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in sulfuric acid solutions: a review
Authors: Sharma Shobhana , Solanki Aashu S. , Thakur Abhinay , Sharma Ankit , Kumar Ashish , Sharma Sushil K. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Plant extracts represent abundant sources of biomolecules distributed throughout various plant parts. These biomolecules are extracted using diverse solvents and methods. Within these plant extracts lie bioactive compounds, known for their antioxidant properties and anticorrosive capabilities. Detecting and isolating these active biomolecules from plant extracts necessitates analytical techniques such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The active biomolecules within plant extracts contain heteroatoms within their structures, facilitating their adsorption on steel surfaces and conferring corrosion inhibition properties. The advantages of plant extracts as green corrosion inhibitors include ready availability, ease of application, eco-friendly characteristics, and cost-effectiveness. These extracts adhere to steel surfaces, blocking their active sites and effectively reducing the corrosion rate. This review consolidates the findings on the corrosion inhibition potential of plant extracts from various plant parts, elucidating their performance in different concentrations of sulfuric acid.
“Global challenge program” projects themed on preventing zoonosis: developing One Health core competences in medical students at SJTU
Authors: Hu Qinqin , Zhang Xiaoxi , Han Lefei , Li Xiangwei , Yang Xuechen , Wang Shuxun , Zhou Xiaonong , Wang Zhaojun 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To develop One Health (OH) core competencies in medical students, Shanghai Jiao Tong University has conducted an OH practice project named the “Global Challenge Program” (GCP) for three years. This study aims to understand the outcomes and challenges of the pilot projects, thereby providing evidences to support the expansion of One Health education program on a larger scale.

Methods
We conducted a questionnaire survey to a purposive sample of 48 participants who were involved in GCP projects. A questionnaire was designed to assess the effect of GCP projects on improving the core competencies of OH professionals. It consists of 32 questions divided into four categories: basic information, overall assessment, communication skills, and interdisciplinary collaboration. Statistical analysis was conducted and reported based on the data collected from the survey.

Results
A total of 42 students (87.5 % of 48 participants) completed the follow-up survey. Among them, 64.3 % perceived a significant improvement in their understanding of the OH concept and approach after participating in the GCP projects. Benefiting from the communication opportunities offered by the GCP projects, 24.0 % and 49.0 % of the students reported significant and moderate improvement in their international communication abilities, respectively. In addition, 74 .0% of the students noted that the GCP projects greatly enhanced their capabilities in interdisciplinary cooperation and systematic thinking in addressing complex health issues.

Conclusions
The GCP project has served as a pilot initiative for participatory OH education, contributing to the development of OH core competencies in medical students, particularly in systems thinking, international communication, and interdisciplinary collaboration. However, generalizing the experience of the pilot project to a large-scale education program for medical students requires careful revisit of the gaps of resources and talents in curriculum building and project operation.
Carbon Pricing and Intergenerational Fairness
Authors: Corvino Fausto 
Published: July 2024

AbstractJohn Broome and Duncan Foley have proposed an ingenious way to transfer benefits backwards in time, from people who are not here yet to people who will not be here in the future. Present people can crowd out conventional, and often brown, investments by issuing global climate bonds (GCBs). The debate about GCBs has focused on whether it is justified to use this financial instrument to allow future people to buy off present people for climate mitigation. In this article, I ask whether it is fair to use GCBs to share the cost of a global carbon price between present and future people. My answer is that it depends on the approach used to calculate the carbon price and, of course, on the normative claims underlying the different approaches. Specifically, I argue that the internalisation principle underlying the cost-benefit approach does not justify intergenerational cost-shifting if, as in most cases, the social cost of carbon is determined using, inter alia, a social discount rate. Instead, the conservative justifications underlying a cost-effective carbon price consistent with the Paris mitigation target allow for intergenerational cost-shifting, but only to the extent of the difference (if any) between the Paris-consistent and the Pareto-efficient carbon price.
Experimental investigations and material modeling of an elastomer jaw coupling
Authors: Ewert Arthur , Menning Johannes D. M. , Prokopchuk Artem , Rosenlöcher Thomas , Vorrath E.-F. Markus , Wallmersperger Thomas , Schlecht Berthold 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This work investigates the hyper-viscoelastic behavior of a thermoplastic polyurethane IROGRAN A 92 E 5670 FCM used in the gear rim of a jaw coupling. The aim is to provide the material parameters for the modeling of jaw couplings in engineering tasks. Uniaxial compression tests were conducted at various temperatures and loading speeds to fit a hyper-viscoelastic material model. The material model uses the Yeoh free energy and the power law model with one Maxwell element. The parametrized material model showed very good results in comparison to experimental data. In addition, the influence of friction on the experiments was modeled, investigated, and discussed. Further component tests for a jaw coupling of size 28 were conducted with two different specimen types. The original gear rim and a modified gear rim with central boreholes for integrated sensors were used in the test. The influence of such a modification was investigated with four different loading cases, focusing on the torsion-torque characteristic and the relative damping. These component tests enable the validation of numerical models of jaw couplings.
What if fractography does not tell us anything? – Failure of a side seal retainer
Authors: Fischer B. , Giller M. , Cagliyan E. , Neidel A. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
A fractured transition side seal retainer, together with an intact piece for reference, was received from the client on December of 2023. The subject part fractured next to the fastening hole, liberating a long ligament that was never found but reportedly caused some damage to hot gas path components downstream of a large gas turbine engine. It is speculated that the subject side seal retainer fractured due to high-stress, not fully reversed bending high cycle fatigue failure. It is recommended to make the design sturdier by considering dampening the long free length of the part, and by specifying a larger fillet radius in the initiation area. Also, over-torquing upon assembly of the subject part should be avoided.
Addition of diazonium salts to the coordinatively unsaturated core of a dinuclear organoruthenium complex
Authors: Mayer Tobias , Mayer Peter , Böttcher Hans-Christian 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The reaction of [Ru2(CO)4(µ-H)(µ-PtBu2)(µ-Ph2PCH2PPh2)] (1) with the diazonium salts [PhN2]BF4 and [p-BrC6H4N2]BF4 in dichloromethane at T = 273 K was investigated. The oxidative addition afforded the products [Ru2(CO)4(µ-H)(µ-PtBu2)(µ-Ph2PCH2PPh2)(µ-N2Ph)]BF4 (2a) and [Ru2(CO)4(µ-H)(µ-PtBu2)(µ-Ph2PCH2PPh2)(µ-N2C6H4-p-Br)]BF4 (2b) in good yields. The products have been characterized by NMR and IR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry and the molecular structure of 2a has been determined by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis (monoclinic, space group P21/m, Z = 2).