bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TLR7 Expression is Decreased During Tumour Progression in Transgenic Adenocarcinoma of Mouse Prostate Mice and Its Activation Inhibits Growth of Prostate Cancer Cells
Authors: Han Ju‐Hee , Park Shin‐Young , Kim Jin‐Bum , Cho Sung‐Dae , Kim Bumseok , Kim Bo‐Yeon , Kang Min‐Jung , Kim Dong‐Jae , Park Jae‐Hak , Park Jong‐Hwan 
Published: June 2013

ProblemAlthough various Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) have been associated with immune response and tumorigenesis in the prostate cells, little is known about the role of TLR7. Accordingly, we examined the expression of TLR7 during tumour progression of TRMAP (transgenic mouse model for prostate cancer) mice and its role on cell growth.Method of studyToll‐like receptor7 expression was examined by RT‐polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Western blot, and immunohistochemistry. Cell growth was examined by MTT assay. Colony formation was investigated by crystal violet staining.ResultsStrong expression of TLR7 was detected in the normal prostate epithelia of Wild‐type (WT) mice, but not in TLR7‐deficient mice. In contrast, TLR7 expression was weak in transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate (TRAMP)‐C2 cells, as compared with murine bone marrow‐derived macrophages (BMDMs). Moreover, TLR7 mRNA was markedly expressed in RWPE‐1 cells (non‐cancerous prostate epithelial cells), but not in PC3 and DU145 (prostate cancer cells). Immunohistochemically, TLR7 expression gradually decreased in TRAMP mice depending on the pathologic grade of the prostate cells. TLR7 agonists increased both the gene and protein expression of TLR7 and promoted production of proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines and IFN‐β gene expression in prostate cancer cell lines. Moreover, loxoribine inhibited the growth and colony formation of TRAMP‐C2 cells dependent of TLR7.ConclusionThese findings suggest that TLR7 may participate in tumour suppression in the prostate cells.
Self‐ versus parent‐ratings of industriousness, affect, and life satisfaction in relation to academic outcomes
Authors: Fogarty Gerard J. , Davies Janet E. , MacCann Carolyn , Roberts Richard D. 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundParents consult with schools on how to help their children succeed, but schools rarely consult with parents, even though most parents have considerable expertise concerning their children's thoughts, feelings, and abilities.AimsThis study compares the prediction of academic achievement from self‐ and parent‐ratings of feelings towards school (both positive and negative), life satisfaction, and the conscientiousness facet of industriousness for 357 adolescents.SampleThe student sample consisted of 383 participants (194 boys) mostly aged between 12 and 14. The parent sample consisted of 374 participants, 83% of whom were mothers.MethodSelf‐report and other‐report scales measuring the above‐mentioned constructs were administered to students and parents. Hierarchical regression analysis was used to test hypotheses concerning the incremental validity of parent‐ratings.ResultsSelf‐ratings explained 28.6% of the variance in grade point average (GPA) with parent‐ratings explaining an additional 12.1%. The incremental effect was strongest for industriousness.ConclusionThese results suggest that parent‐reports are often more accurate than adolescent self‐reports, but that both methods of assessment make unique contributions to the explanation of variance in school grades. Parental understanding constitutes a relatively untapped reservoir of knowledge available to teachers, school counsellors and administrators, education policy makers, and beyond. It makes sense to ask parents about their children when assessing those individual differences that contribute to better educational outcomes.
Impact of 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)‐positron‐emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) on management of patients with carcinoma invading bladder muscle
Authors: Mertens Laura S. , Fioole‐Bruining Annemarie , Vegt Erik , Vogel Wouter V. , van Rhijn Bas W. , Horenblas Simon 
Published: June 2013

Objective
To evaluate the clinical impact of 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)‐positron‐emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scanning, compared with conventional staging with contrast‐enhanced CT imaging (CECT).
Patients and Methods
The FDG‐PET/CT results of 96 consecutive patients with bladder cancer were analysed. Patients included in this study underwent standard CECT imaging of the chest and abdomen/pelvis <4 weeks before FDG‐PET/CT.
Based on the original imaging reports and recorded tumour stage before and after FDG‐PET/CT imaging, the preferred treatment strategies before FDG‐PET/CT and after FDG‐PET/CT were determined for each patient using an institutional multidisciplinary guideline. One of the following treatment strategies was chosen: (i) local curative treatment; (ii) neoadjuvant/induction chemotherapy; or (iii) palliation.
The changes in management decisions before and after FDG‐PET/CT were assessed.
Results
The median (range) interval between CECT and FDG‐PET/CT was 0 (029) days. In 21.9% of the patients, stage on FDG‐PET/CT and CECT were different. Upstaging by FDG‐PET/CT was more frequent than downstaging (19.8 vs 2.1%).
Clinical management changed for 13.5% of patients as a result of FDG‐PET/CT upstaging. In eight patients, FDG‐PET/CT detected second primary tumours. This led to changes of bladder cancer treatment in another four of 96 patients (4.2%).
All the management changes were validated by tissue confirmation of the additional lesions.
Conclusions
FDG‐PET/CT provides important additional staging information, which influences the treatment of carcinoma invading bladder muscle in almost 20% of cases.
Patient selection for neoadjuvant/induction chemotherapy was improved and futile attempts at curative treatment in patients found to have metastases were avoided.
Innovation and Family Ownership: Empirical Evidence from India
Authors: Lodh Suman , Nandy Monomita , Chen Jean 
Published: June 2013

AbstractManuscript TypeEmpiricalResearch Question/IssueThis study examines the direct effect of family ownership on innovation in emerging markets by using data from Indian family‐controlled publicly listed firms as its sample. In particular, we study (1) the direct effects of family ownership on innovation and (2) the influences of business group affiliation on these family firms.Research Findings/InsightsUsing an unbalanced panel of 395 Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) listed Indian firms during the years 2001 and 2008, we found that the impact of family ownership on innovation productivity is positive (after controlling for possible endogeneity). We further emphasized the business group affiliation of family firms and distinguished between the innovation activities of group‐affiliated and stand‐alone family firms. We found that affiliating with top 50 business groups increases the innovation activities of these family firms.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsTheoretically, we complement agency theory by incorporating both the institutional perspective and the external resourcing perspective to provide a more robust framework for examining the impact of family ownership on innovation in emerging markets. Methodologically, we adopted a more rigorous econometrics method by providing a panel analysis that used a system GMM estimator and addressed the endogeneity issue thoroughly, which represented a significant improvement over the shortcomings of the methodologies found in the existing literature.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsOur findings suggest that the Indian government should provide support for affiliating family firms with business groups while improving policies on information disclosures; it should also establish a proper corporate governance mechanism for private and public family business. The findings further suggest that a corporate governance code should encourage family firms to have an independent professional CEO.
Influence of body adiposity on structural characteristics of skeletal muscle in men and women
Authors: Lafortuna Claudio L. , Tresoldi Daniele , Rizzo Giovanna 
Published: June 2013

SummaryThe structure of skeletal muscle (SM) can be characterized by quantitative (size) and qualitative (composition) attributes, which are disparately reported to be influenced by body adiposity. This study tests the hypothesis that body adiposity exerts a systematic influence on these muscle characteristics and evaluates the possible functional implications for movements. Lower limb SM volume (VSM) and attenuation (ATTSM), an inverse measure of lipid infiltration in muscle, were determined with computed tomography in 21 men (BMI = 21–36 kg m−2; age = 31–71 years.) and 18 women (BMI = 19–35 kg m−2; age = 32–76 years.). After adjusting for age, a multivariate regression analysis revealed that body adiposity positively correlated (P<0·05–0·001) with absolute VSM and cross‐sectional area (CSA) in both genders, while VSM per unit body mass (VSM/BM) decreased with adiposity (P<0·001) in women and was constant in men. ATTSM was higher in men (P<0·05) and decreased (P<0·05) with adiposity in both genders. The product of ATTSM by average muscle CSA (predictor of maximal strength) and by VSM/BM (predictor of maximal dynamic performance) was lower in women (P<0·001) and was reduced by age in both genders (P<0·05–0·01), while obesity had a negative effect (P<0·001) only on the predictor of performance. In conclusion, body adiposity significantly increases SM size and reduces ATTSM. Structural indicators accounting for both quantitative and qualitative characteristics of SM may be useful predictors of the effects of obesity on motor function at different ages. With rising body adiposity and advancing age, women appear mostly affected by the decline of SM features relevant for motor performance.
Females Paired with More Attractive Males Show Reduced Oxidative Damage: Possible Direct Benefits of Mate Choice in Pied Flycatchers
Authors: Moreno Juan , Velando Alberto , González‐Braojos Sonia , Ruiz‐de‐Castañeda Rafael , Cantarero Alejandro 
Published: June 2013

AbstractDirect benefits of female mate choice may concern female fertility and fecundity but also physiological status. In birds with biparental care, males may contribute to improve the condition and health of their pair‐mates through help in constructing nests, incubation or incubation feeding and nestling provisioning. They may also reduce harassment of females by non‐pair males. A consequence of these male activities could be expressed in terms of oxidative damage, which may depend on metabolic effort and social stress. Here, we have related male contribution to parental and territorial duties to female oxidative status in the pied flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca, a species where preferred males present darker dorsal plumage and, in Iberian populations, a large white forehead patch. Darker males were paired with females with high incubation attendance and reduced nestling provisioning rates, which may lead to reduced female exertion. These males owned nest boxes at which there were fewer visits by non‐pair males. Although females paired with dark mates worked less hard, they were able to raise more fledglings. Female oxidative damage measured as malondialdehyde (MDA) level in plasma declined with increasing incubation attendance and male incubation feeding. Moreover, levels of MDA in females declined with both darkness of male dorsal plumage and male forehead patch size when controlling for female forehead patch size and male age. The effect of male plumage darkness was especially strong. Females paired with middle‐aged males (2–3 yr) showed reduced levels of MDA compared with those paired with 1‐yr‐old and more than 3‐yr‐old males. Male age could not explain the effects of male attractiveness. Females paired with attractive males were more successful in reproduction while suffering reduced oxidative damage, possibly mediated by help during incubation and nestling rearing from their pair‐mates. Although correlative, the evidence suggests direct benefits of females paired with more attractive males.
The birth of innate immunity
Authors: Gallo Richard L. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractModern immunology has seen an apparent revolution with the recognition that human immune defense is not only the responsibility of bone marrow‐derived leucocytes, but also dependent on a coordinated network of many cell types including epithelial cells, fibroblasts and neural elements. This classic paper by Alexander Fleming and V.D. Allison (British J of Exp Path, 111, 1922, 252) was largely forgotten for 75 years and describes the discovery that epithelia produce a protein with direct antimicrobial activity. Thus, this paper represents the birth of the field now referred to as innate immunity and first describes an antimicrobial protein (AMP).
Oral administration of poly‐γ‐glutamic acid prevents the development of atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga mice
Authors: Lee Sung Won , Park Hyun Jung , Park Se‐Ho , Hong Seokmann 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBacillus subtilis‐derived poly‐γ‐glutamic acid (γPGA) has demonstrated adjuvant activity in promoting Th1/Th17 cell differentiation. Here, the NC/Nga (NC) mouse model was used to determine whether γPGA modulates the outcome of atopic dermatitis (AD), which is known to be a Th2‐biased immune disease. We found that oral administration of γPGA dramatically reduced the development of AD in NC mice. Antigen‐presenting cells activated with γPGA produced pro‐inflammatory cytokines, such as IL12/23 and IFNγ, which, in turn, induced the differentiation of Th1 and Th17 cells. Concomitantly, Th2 responses, such as high levels of serum IgE, were dramatically decreased. Furthermore, in vivo γPGA treatment altered several cellular components of allergic reactions, such as mast cells and eosinophils. Taken together, our results strongly demonstrate that in vivo treatment with γPGA at early time points can prevent the development of AD in NC mice and suggest that γPGA may have therapeutic applications for human AD.
Prevalence of headache and orofacial pain in adults and elders in a Brazilian community: an epidemiological study
Authors: de Siqueira Silvia Regina D. T. , Vilela Talissa Tavares , Florindo Alex Antonio 
Published: June 2013

Background and objectiveHeadache and orofacial pain are often persistent and not easy to be evaluated. The objective of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of headache and orofacial pain in Brazilian adults and elders in a district of São Paulo (Brazil).MethodsStudy design: population‐based cross‐sectional; Adults (18–59 years old) and elderly people (above 60 years old) were evaluated according to their socio‐demographic characteristics, prevalence and location of pain and associated factors. The subjects were interviewed about their orofacial complaints, which were investigated with a validated questionnaire.ResultsFive hundred and five adults and 385 elders agreed in participating of this study. More than half of the population had pain (45.3% of adults and 56.6% of elderly); 10.6% of subjects had bruxism and 10.2% had toothache; 48.6% of the adults with pain and 58.7% of the elders with pain had impairment in daily activities due to the pain. The prevalence of head and facial pain was 55.5%. Headache was more prevalent in the adult group compared with the elderly group. Bruxism was associated with headache (p = 0.029), toothache (p < 0.001), facial pain (p < 0.001) and fatigue at the face (p = 0.004).ConclusionThis study showed a high prevalence of head and orofacial pain, and their potential aetiologies need further investigation. The pain complaints were associated with comorbidities and the use of medication. Facial painful diseases impact the quality of life of adults and should be diagnosed and treated.
Development of successive karstic systems within the Baix Penedès Fault zone (onshore of the Valencia Trough, NW Mediterranean)
Authors: Baqués V. , Travé A. , Cantarero I. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe Baix Penedès Fault zone records successive karstic systems. The outcrops studied correspond to different segments of the fault, which were temporarily connected and disconnected, allowing for different diagenetic processes to occur. The first karstic system affected the Mesozoic rocks due to subaerial exposure after Paleogene compression, an event characterized by widespread dissolution and the generation of vug and cavern porosity. The δ18O values of the dolomitic sediment filling the initial vuggy porosity are similar to those of the host dolomite, indicating that the sediment comes from the erosion and reworking of the host rock. The second karstic system is related to the upward propagation of the Baix Penedès Fault. This deformation was characterized by random‐fracture fabrics with dolomite cement and sediment. The stable isotopes values and Sr/Ca ratios of both the dolomite cement and sediments are similar to those of the host rock. In contrast, the more depleted δ13C values indicate the influence of soil‐derived CO2 and the opening of the system to meteoric waters. During the third karstic event, the δ18O, δ13C, Sr/Ca ratios, and 87Sr/86Sr values of diagenetic cements suggest a marine signature, indicating that the karstic sediments were dolomitized under the influence of late Burdigalian‐Langhian marine waters. These marine waters were probably expelled from poorly buried sediments and circulated through faults producing dolomitization of the karstic sediments. A final karst system developed during a period of uplift and subaerial exposure. The δ18O values, the Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca ratios, and the high radiogenic values of the calcite cements formed during this period indicate precipitation from meteoric waters. The results of this study have implications for carbonate hydrocarbon reservoir analogs subject to karstic influence in the Valencia Trough and elsewhere.
Involvement of miRNA‐29a in epigenetic regulation of transforming growth factor‐β‐induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Kogure Takayuki , Kondo Yasuteru , Kakazu Eiji , Ninomiya Masashi , Kimura Osamu , Shimosegawa Tooru 
Published: June 2013

AimEpithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a crucial process during cancer invasion and metastasis, which is accompanied by the suppressed expression of E‐cadherin initiated by stimuli such as transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β. Recent studies have shown that the epigenetic regulation of E‐cadherin could be an alternate mechanism of EMT induction in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). miRNA‐29a (miR‐29a) is involved in the epigenetic regulation of genes by targeting DNA methyltransferases (DNMT), which methylate CpG islands to suppress the transcription of genes. We studied the involvement of miR‐29a in TGF‐β‐induced EMT in HCC cells.MethodsWe treated human HCC cell lines with TGF‐β to induce EMT. To investigate DNA methylation in EMT, cells were treated with a methylation inhibitor, 5‐Aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine (5‐Aza) and methylation status of CpG islands in the E‐cadherin promoter was examined using methylation‐specific PCR. Precursor miR‐29a (pre‐miR‐29a) was electroporated to force the expression of miR‐29a in HCC cells in order to study the role of miR‐29a in EMT.ResultsTGF‐β transformed HCC cells into a spindle‐shaped morphology accompanied by a decrease of E‐cadherin with the induction of methylation of its promoter. Pretreatment of the cells with 5‐Aza blocked this suppression of E‐cadherin, indicating the involvement of DNA methylation. TGF‐β increased DNMT3B and DNMT1 and decreased miR‐29a expression. The forced expression of miR‐29a abrogated the suppression of E‐cadherin induced by TGF‐β.ConclusionmiR‐29a could regulate TGF‐β‐induced EMT by affecting DNA methylation via the suppression of DNMT. These observations reveal the epigenetic regulation of genes by miRNA as a unique mechanism of EMT in HCC.
Randomized heuristics for the family traveling salesperson problem
Authors: Morán‐Mirabal L.F. , González‐Velarde J.L. , Resende M.G.C. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis paper introduces the family traveling salesperson problem (FTSP), a variant of the generalized traveling salesman problem. In the FTSP, a subset of nodes must be visited for each node cluster in the graph. The objective is to minimize the distance traveled. We describe an integer programming formulation for the FTSP and show that the commercial grade integer programming solver CPLEX 11 can only solve small instances of the problem in reasonable running time. We propose two randomized heuristics for finding optimal and near‐optimal solutions of this problem. These heuristics are a biased random‐key genetic algorithm and a GRASP with evolutionary path‐relinking. Computational results comparing both heuristics are presented in this study.
Piloleiomyoma Arising in an Organoid Nevus: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: BURDEN PATRICIA A. , GENTRY RICHARD H. , FITZPATRICK JAMES E. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe case of a 59‐year‐old woman with a history of an organoid nevus of the scalp is reported. Histologic examination revealed multiple secondary tumors including a tumor of the follicular infundibulum, an apocrine nevus, a syringocystadenoma papilliferum, an apocrine adenoma, and a piloleiomyoma occurring in the absence of sebaceous glands. The types of secondary tumors which may develop within organoid nevi are reviewed. The terminology and pathogenesis of this hamartoma are discussed.
Visualized Basting Sutures in the Application of Full‐Thickness Skin Grafts
Authors: ADNOT JOHN , SALASCHE STUART J. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis paper describes a simple technique for inserting basting sutures to secure full‐thickness skin grafts. By applying the suture under visualized conditions before fully securing the perimeter of the graft, exact placement and knot security of the basting suture can be enhanced, and injury to underlying structures can be avoided. Furthermore, by securing the center of the graft early in the repair, alignment on and conformation to the underlying wound bed is improved.
Lymphangioma Circumscriptum: Review and Evaluation of Carbon Dioxide Laser Vaporization
Authors: ELIEZRI YEHUDA D. , SKLAR JEFFREY A. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract. Three cases of the classical form of lymphangioma circumscriptum are described to illustrate the varied clinical manifestations of these lesions. The anatomy and physiology of cutaneous lymphangiomas are reviewed and their classification is clarified as a guide to their management.Treatment was sought by these patients in order to alleviate complaints of copious transudate of lymphatic fluid and chronic relapsing cellulitis. All three were treated with carbon dioxide laser vaporization with good to excellent cosmetic results and complete resolution of their symptoms.Carbon dioxide laser vaporization may be a useful alternative to frequently unsuccessful traditional surgical forms of therapy for selective cases of classical lymphangioma circumscriptum.
Combining Soft Chemistry and Spark Plasma Sintering to Produce Highly Dense and Finely Grained Soft Ferrimagnetic Y3Fe5O12 (YIG) Ceramics
Authors: Gaudisson Thomas , Acevedo Ulises , Nowak Sophie , Yaacoub Nader , Greneche Jean‐Marc , Ammar Souad , Valenzuela Raul 
Published: June 2013

We report the synthesis of yttrium iron garnet (YIG) combining soft chemistry route, namely the polyol process, and spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique. The polyol process produced an intermediary amorphous phase containing both iron and yttrium cations in the desired ratio. They were annealed at 400°C in air to decompose the organic content of the reaction (polyol and acetate). To achieve the garnet phase, the polyol‐obtained precursor was subjected to reactive SPS treatment at a temperature of 750°C, far below the typical temperatures (1350°C) used in the classic solid‐state reaction process. In 15 min pure and high‐density Y3Fe5O12 ceramic, with about 100 nm sized crystalline grains, was obtained. We report as well the characterization of the initial amorphous phase and the obtained YIG by X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, 57Fe Mössbauer spectrometry, and magnetization measurements.