bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atmospheric NO2 dynamics and impact on ocean color retrievals in urban nearshore regions
Authors: Tzortziou Maria , Herman Jay R. , Ahmad Ziauddin , Loughner Christopher P. , Abuhassan Nader , Cede Alexander 
Published: June 2014

AbstractUrban nearshore regions are characterized by strong variability in atmospheric composition, associated with anthropogenic emissions and meteorological processes that influence the circulation and accumulation of atmospheric pollutants at the land‐water interface. If not adequately corrected in satellite retrievals of ocean color, this atmospheric variability can impose a false impression of diurnal and seasonal changes in nearshore water quality and biogeochemical processes. Consideration of these errors is important for measurements from polar orbiting ocean color sensors but becomes critical for geostationary satellite missions having the capability for higher frequency and higher spatial resolution observations of coastal ocean dynamics. We examined variability in atmospheric NO2 over urban nearshore environments in the Eastern US, Europe, and Korea, using a new network of ground‐based Pandora spectrometers and Aura‐OMI satellite observations. Our measurements in the US and in Europe revealed clear diurnal and day‐of‐the‐week patterns in total column NO2 (TCNO2), temporal changes as large as 0.8 DU within 4 h, and spatial variability as large as 0.7 DU within an area often covered by just a single OMI pixel. TCNO2 gradients were considerably stronger over the coastal cities of Korea. With a coarse resolution and an overpass at around 13:30 local time, OMI cannot detect this strong variability in NO2, missing pollution peaks from industrial and rush hour activities. Observations were combined with air quality model simulations and radiative transfer calculations to estimate the impact of atmospheric NO2 variability on satellite retrievals of coastal ocean remote sensing reflectance and biogeochemical variables (i.e., chlorophyll and CDOM).
Rapid Assays for Lectin Toxicity and Binding Changes that Reflect Altered Glycosylation in Mammalian Cells
Authors: Stanley Pamela , Sundaram Subha 
Published: June 2014

AbstractGlycosylation engineering is used to generate glycoproteins, glycolipids, or proteoglycans with a more defined complement of glycans on their glycoconjugates. For example, a mammalian cell glycosylation mutant lacking a specific glycosyltransferase generates glycoproteins, and/or glycolipids, and/or proteoglycans with truncated glycans missing the sugar transferred by that glycosyltransferase, as well as those sugars that would be added subsequently. In some cases, an alternative glycosyltransferase may then use the truncated glycans as acceptors, thereby generating a new or different glycan subset in the mutant cell. Another type of glycosylation mutant arises from gain‐of‐function mutations that, for example, activate a silent glycosyltransferase gene. In this case, glycoconjugates will have glycans with additional sugar(s) that are more elaborate than the glycans of wild type cells. Mutations in other genes that affect glycosylation, such as nucleotide sugar synthases or transporters, will alter the glycan complement in more general ways that usually affect several types of glycoconjugates. There are now many strategies for generating a precise mutation in a glycosylation gene in a mammalian cell. Large‐volume cultures of mammalian cells may also generate spontaneous mutants in glycosylation pathways. This article will focus on how to rapidly characterize mammalian cells with an altered glycosylation activity. The key reagents for the protocols described are plant lectins that bind mammalian glycans with varying avidities, depending on the specific structure of those glycans. Cells with altered glycosylation generally become resistant or hypersensitive to lectin toxicity, and have reduced or increased lectin or antibody binding. Here we describe rapid assays to compare the cytotoxicity of lectins in a lectin resistance test, and the binding of lectins or antibodies by flow cytometry in a glycan‐binding assay. Based on these tests, glycosylation changes expressed by a cell can be revealed, and glycosylation mutants classified into phenotypic groups that may reflect a loss‐of‐function or gain‐of‐function mutation in a specific gene involved in glycan synthesis. Curr. Protoc. Chem. Biol. 6:117‐133 © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Monoanchoring (D‐D‐π‐A) and Dianchoring (D‐D‐(π‐A)2) Organic Dyes Featuring Triarylamine Donors Composed of Fluorene and Carbazole
Authors: Baheti Abhishek , Justin Thomas K. R. , Lin Ling‐Chuan , Lee Kun‐Mu 
Published: June 2014

AbstractOrganic dyes containing carbazole as an auxiliary donor, oligothiophene linkers, and cyanoacrylic acid acceptors with two different architectures (D‐D‐π‐A and D‐D‐(π‐A)2) were synthesized and characterized by optical and electrochemical measurements. The charge‐transfer transitions of the monoanchoring dyes with a D‐D‐π‐A configuration are intense whereas the π–π* transitions of the dianchoring dyes with D‐D‐(π‐A)2 architecture are promising. Incorporation of bithiophene into the conjugation slightly lowers the LUMO level of the dyes. The optical and electrochemical properties of these dyes are better than diphenylamine‐based dyes. The TDDFT calculations were performed to rationalize the trends in the optical and electrochemical properties of the dyes. The efficiency of dye‐sensitized solar cells based on the monoanchoring dyes is two to fivefold larger than the corresponding cells based on dianchoring congeners. Also, the use of chenodeoxycholic acid as an additive increases the efficiency of the devices reasonably.
Fire and home range expansion: A behavioral response to burning among savanna dwelling vervet monkeys (Chlorocebusaethiops)
Authors: Herzog Nicole M. , Parker Christopher H. , Keefe Earl R. , Coxworth James , Barrett Alan , Hawkes Kristen 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTThe behavioral adaptations of primates to fire‐modified landscapes are of considerable interest to anthropologists because fire is fundamental to life in the African savanna—the setting in which genus Homo evolved. Here we report the behavioral responses of a savanna‐dwelling primate, vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops), to fire‐induced ecological change. Using behavioral and spatial data to characterize ranging patterns prior to and postburn and between burn and nonburn years, we show that these primates inhabiting small, spatially bound, riverine habitats take advantage of newly burned savanna landscapes. When subjects encountered controlled fires, they did not flee but instead avoided the path of the fire seemingly unbothered by its approach. After fire, the primates' home range expanded into newly burned but previously unused areas. These results contribute to understanding the response of non‐human primates to fire‐modified landscapes and can shed light on the nature and scope of opportunities and constraints posed by the emergence of fire‐affected landscapes in the past. Results also expose deficiencies in our knowledge of fire‐related behavioral responses in the primate lineage and highlight the need for further investigation of these responses as they relate to foraging opportunities, migration, resource use, and especially fire‐centric adaptations in our own genus. Am J Phys Anthropol 154:554–560, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Measuring Fate and Rate of Single‐Molecule Competition of Amplification and Restriction Digestion, and Its Use for Rapid Genotyping Tested with Hepatitis C Viral RNA
Authors: Sun Bing , Rodriguez‐Manzano Jesus , Selck David A. , Khorosheva Eugenia , Karymov Mikhail A. , Ismagilov Rustem F. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWe experimentally monitored, at the single‐molecule level, the competition among reverse transcription, exponential amplification (RT‐LAMP), and linear degradation (restriction enzymes) starting with hepatitis C viral RNA molecules. We found significant heterogeneity in the rate of single‐molecule amplification; introduction of the restriction enzymes affected both the rate and the “fate” (the binary outcome) of single‐molecule amplification. While end‐point digital measurements were primarily sensitive to changes in fate, the bulk real‐time kinetic measurements were dominated by the rate of amplification of the earliest molecules, and were not sensitive to fate of the rest of the molecules. We show how this competition of reactions can be used for rapid HCV genotyping with either digital or bulk readout. This work advances our understanding of single‐molecule dynamics in reaction networks and may help bring genotyping capabilities out of clinical labs and into limited‐resource settings.
Surface‐modified pliable PDLLA/PCL/β‐TCP scaffolds as a promising delivery system for bone regeneration
Authors: Hu Yuanyuan , Wang Jing , Xing Wanli , Cao Lingyan , Liu Changsheng 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTSurface‐modified poly(d, l‐lactide)/polycaprolactone/β‐tricalcium phosphate complex scaffold was fabricated in this study and we hypothesized that pliable and mechanical strong scaffold would be achieved by regulation of ternary compositions; while superficial modification strategy conduced to preserve and controlled‐release of bioactive growth factors. Properties of the composite scaffolds were systematically investigated, including mechanical properties, surface morphology, porosity, wettability, and releasing behavior. Moreover, the representative cytokine, recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (rhBMP‐2), was loaded and implanted into muscular pouch of mouse to assess bone formation in vivo. Improved osteogenesis was achieved ascribed to both amplified β‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP) content and retarded initial burst release. Particularly, scaffold doped with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) displayed optimal osteogenic capability. The results indicated that the PDLLA/PCL/β‐TCP complex scaffold along with HPMC‐coating and rhBMP‐2 loading was a promising candidate for bone regeneration. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40951.
Poly lactic acid nanocomposites containing modified nanoclay with synergistic barrier to water vapor for coated paper
Authors: Farmahini‐Farahani M. , Xiao Huining , Zhao Yi 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTThe binary nanocomposites of poly lactic acid (PLA) with the montmorillonite modified with trisilanol polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (Trisilanolisooctyl POSS®) were prepared via a solution‐blending process and coated on paper by bar coating and compress hot melt coating methods. The resulting components were characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. Moreover, the water vapor transmission rates (WVTR) for the coated writing paper were determined using an IGA‐003. The results indicated that the modified clay PLA nanocomposites enhanced the water vapor barrier properties of coated paper significantly. The permeability of PLA nanocomposites to water vapor decreased by 74% [26.0 g/(m2 day)], respectively, as compared to those of the paper coated with pure PLA. The dispersion and phase behavior of the modified montmorillonite in PLA matrix was revealed by Transmission electron microscope. The intercalation of montmorillonite with PLA was further demonstrated using XRD. WVTR results indicated that the compress hot melt coating of the nanocomposites is an effective method to improve the water vapor resistance of coated paper. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40952.
Synthesis of a novolac‐based 3‐aminopropylsiloxane resin and its application for the removal of Cu2+, Cr3+, and Ni2+ from electroplating wastewater
Authors: Abou‐El‐Sherbini Khaled , Nour Mohamed A. , Soliman Abd‐El‐Ghany , Elmorsy Saad S. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTNovolac resin was modified with 3‐aminopropyltrimthoxysilane to obtain phenol‐formaldehyde‐aminopropylsiloxane resin (PF‐APS). Fourier transformation infra‐red spectra, thermogravimetric analysis, elemental analysis, and pH‐metric titration were used to characterize PF‐APS. Its chemical formula was suggested to be C14H12.49N0.1O2Si0.1. The resin shows high experimental metal ions uptake capacity within short time of equilibration. The metal capacity was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry to be 0.787 mEq Cu/g. Maximum separation efficiencies of Cu2+, Cr3+, and Ni2+ from aqueous solutions on PF‐APS were at pH 8.0 and time of stirring 60 min; 94.0%, 90.8%, 83.2%, respectively. No significant interference from the background ions Na+, Cl−, and
was observed on the separation process. The heavy metal ions were eluted using 0.01 mol L−1 EDTA at 65°C releasing >94% of the separated metal ions. The method of separation was applied successfully to remove the heavy metal ions Cu2+, Cr3+, and Ni2+ from electroplating wastewater from Dekirnis, Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40993.
The Moving Psychoanalytic Frame: Ethical Challenges for Community Practitioners
Authors: Rogers Susan 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTThe need for outreach psychotherapists has increased considerably over the past few decades. Research suggests graduate training has not kept up with this phenomenon. Graduate students continue to be trained for in‐clinic work, and are not prepared for the challenges of going into clients' homes and into the community. The literature supports the necessity for therapists who will be doing outreach psychotherapy to be trained in working in these atypical settings, as many innate challenges exist in this work. Challenging mental health issues, distracting environmental issues, safety concerns, lack of collegial support and supervision in the field, feelings of isolation, role confusion, countertransference, and blurred boundaries are just some of these concerns. This article reviews the literature of a number of key topics critical to competent and confident work in the community. Confidentiality, boundaries in clinical practice, managing countertransference in the therapy experience, self‐disclosure, dual‐relationships, and safety are all explored through the lens of outreach psychotherapy. Training graduate students in these areas is critical to reducing burnout and boundary violations with this vulnerable client population. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Therapeutic Mentoring: Mentalization Training in the Community
Authors: Sacco Frank , Pike Nathaniel , Bourque Jennifer L. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTThis paper describes a therapeutic mentoring program involving 150 children over a period of three years. The program is operated from an outpatient clinic, in this case using psychodynamic supportive therapy delivered in the home as a clinical hub for high‐risk families referred by child welfare, juvenile justice, or courts. This program is part of Massachusetts Children's Behavioral Health Initiative (CBHI, 2013). This model of therapeutic mentoring requires all youth be involved with individual or family therapy and that the technique is designed to stabilize aggressive behavior in the community and begin to develop lasting social skills that can be sustainable in the community as a protective factor against poverty, social deviance and violence. The process of mentoring is viewed as an adjunct to therapy and a concrete way to practice mentalizing while learning to engage in a positive community activity. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reinvestigating a key site for Polynesian prehistory: new results from the Hane dune site, Ua Huka (Marquesas)
Authors: Conte Eric , Molle Guillaume 
Published: June 2014

AbstractSince the first excavations by Sinoto and Kellum in 1964–1965, the Hane dune site, situated on Ua Huka, Marquesas Islands, has been considered as a key site in central Eastern Polynesia and, as such, has been utilised in different colonisation models. However, some problems remained, particularly due to the lack of full publication of the original excavation results, and it appeared that these issues could only be resolved with new investigations. In 2009, the authors opened an 18 m2 excavation that produced a controlled stratigraphy of ten layers. This paper presents the first results, focusing on the stratigraphy and new dates obtained, indicating a sequence of nearly six centuries, from early human settlement around the mid‐tenth century until the abandonment of the dune around the mid‐sixteenth century.
A case of extravascular hemolysis with Tk‐activation
Authors: Yamada Chisa , Davenport Robertson D. 
Published: June 2014

Key Clinical MessageA 50‐year‐old female with ovarian cancer for 4 years presented with abdominal pain. She started antibiotics for possible infection, and developed extravascular hemolysis. All antigen detection tests were negative, but lectin panel suggested Tk‐activation. Additional laboratory testing in conjunction with blood bank is essential to investigate rare cause of hemolysis.
Multi‐Objective Optimization and Decision Support in Process Engineering – Implementation and Application
Authors: Burger Jakob , Asprion Norbert , Blagov Sergej , Böttcher Roger , Nowak Uwe , Bortz Michael , Welke Richard , Küfer Karl‐Heinz , Hasse Hans 
Published: June 2014

AbstractChemical process design is a multi‐objective optimization problem with conflicting objectives. It can be solved efficiently by calculating the Pareto frontier, a set of Pareto‐optimal compromises. This work describes how multi‐objective optimization and decision support techniques have been implemented in the process simulation software CHEMASIM. The Pareto frontier is calculated automatically and an innovative slider concept is used to navigate the results and to support the decision making. With the help of two examples, the optimization of the process design workflow is demonstrated.
Cyclic Performance Analysis of Hydrogen/Bromine Flow Batteries for Grid‐Scale Energy Storage
Authors: Cho Kyu Taek , Tucker Michael C. , Ding Markus , Ridgway Paul , Battaglia Vincent S. , Srinivasan Venkat , Weber Adam Z. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis paper explores the critical factors dominating the cycle performance of the hydrogen/bromine redox flow battery (RFB). Carbon electrode oxidation to CO2 was seen as the dominant side reaction, which can be prevented by operating the cell below 1.4 V. Crossover of bromide species from the positive to the negative electrode, especially during charge, dominates the coulombic efficiency, and can result in dissolution of the Pt catalyst if an adequate hydrogen supply is not maintained. This paper also describes the tradeoffs in voltaic, energy, and coulombic efficiencies during cycling, including the determination of the peak energy efficiency with respect to the HBr concentration and current density. Long‐term cycling demonstrates negligible cell‐component degradation over 600 cycles (≈3 months), with capacity loss caused by the bromine from the system, which can be mitigated by proper system design. The data and methodologies provided in this paper can be used to understand better the operation of this and other RFBs.
Ru0‐Catalyzed Coupling of Vinylboronates with Silanols, Disilanols, and Disiloxanediols: a Selective Route to Borasiloxanes
Authors: Frąckowiak Dawid , Walkowiak Jędrzej , Hreczycho Grzegorz , Marciniec Bogdan 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA new highly selective method for the synthesis of borasiloxanes through the O‐borylation of silanols, disilanols, and disiloxanediols with vinylboronates in the presence of Ru0 complexes (mainly Ru3CO12) is described. The method leads to the formation of special compounds with a B–O–Si inorganic framework. When Ru0 complexes are used as a catalyst, no vinylboronate homocoupling is observed. A mechanism for this transformation is proposed on the basis of stoichiometric reactions of Ru0 with triethylsilanol and vinylboronate.
Regioselective O2′,O3′‐Deacetylations of Peracetylated Ribonucleosides by Using Tetra‐n‐butylammonium Fluoride
Authors: Babu Kumar Arun , Manetsch Roman 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA robust, mild, and highly regioselective deacetylation of 1,2‐diol diacetates in the presence of other acetate functions was achieved by using tetra‐n‐butylammonium fluoride. This method provided a single‐step route to access O5′‐acetyl ribonucleosides, a key intermediate in the synthesis of biomedically important nucleosides and nucleotides. Moreover, it offered the general applicability of a non‐enzymatic method for the selective deacetylation of peracetylated 2′‐deoxyribonucleosides. Its synthetic utility was further demonstrated by the synthesis of molecules of biomedical interest by using this particular deacetylation reaction.
Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Allylic Substitutions of Trichloroacetimidates
Authors: Arnold Jeffrey S. , Zhang Qi , Nguyen Hien M. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWith the development of practical methods for their preparation, trichloroacetimidates have proven to be valuable substrates for use in carbohydrate and organic synthesis. The broad utility of allyl trichloroacetimidates for the construction of carbon‐heteroatom bonds is the result of the unique features of the trichloroacetimidate nitrogen functionality as a directing, nucleophilic, and leaving group. In this review we describe the expansion of Overman's [3,3]‐rearrangement of allyl trichloroacetimidates to allylic substitution reactions for regio‐ and enantioselective C–N, C–O, and C–F bond‐forming methodologies.
Asymmetric Aldol Reaction Catalyzed by a Chiral Phosphine–Silver Complex
Authors: Yanagisawa Akira , Miyake Ryoji , Yoshida Kazuhiro 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA catalytic asymmetric aldol reaction of alkenyl trihaloacetates or a γ,δ‐unsaturated δ‐lactone with aldehydes or an α‐keto ester was achieved by using a 2,2′‐bis(diphenylphosphino)‐1,1′‐binaphthyl·silver trifluoromethanesulfonate complex as the chiral precatalyst and N,N‐diisopropylethylamine as the base precatalyst in the presence of methanol. Optically active α‐alkyl β‐hydroxy ketones with enantioselectivities of up to 95 % ee were diastereoselectively obtained in moderate to high yields through the in situ generated chiral silver enolates.
Total Synthesis of (+)‐Antimycin A3b on Solid Supports
Authors: Iijima Yusuke , Kimata Osamu , Decharin Santida , Masui Hisashi , Hirose Yoichiro , Takahashi Takashi 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA straightforward and convergent total synthesis of (+)‐antimycin A3b is reported. Four fragments were assembled on a solid support and the fully functionalized seco acid was cyclized in the solution phase. This synthetic route minimized the number of manipulations in the solution phase and is useful for a combinatorial library synthesis.