bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atypical fibroxanthoma: A series of 56 tumors and an unexplained uneven distribution of cases in southeast Germany
Authors: Wollina Uwe , Schönlebe Jaqueline , Ziemer Mirjana , Friedling Franziska , Koch André , Haroske Gunter , Kaatz Martin , Simon Jan‐C. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTBackgroundAtypical fibroxanthoma is a rare mesenchymal tumor of the head and neck region.MethodsWe analyzed the files of 3 large dermatology hospitals from the years 2001 to 2013 in southeast Germany.ResultsWe identified 53 patients (56 tumors) with a male predominance. The mean age was 78.0 years ± 8.3 years. Mohs surgery was performed in all cases resulting in complete remission in 45 patients. Five patients had a relapse within 2 years, and 4 developed metastases. None of the tumors with a safety margin of ≥2 cm relapsed. The majority of cases were found in the Dresden region.ConclusionAtypical fibroxanthoma demonstrates an uneven geographic distribution in southeast Germany that demands further investigations. Mohs surgery with ≥2 cm safety margins is the treatment of choice. A regular follow‐up is recommended. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 829–834, 2015
Sustained expression of coagulation factor IX by modified cord blood‐derived mesenchymal stromal cells
Authors: Dodd Megan , Marquez‐Curtis Leah , Janowska‐Wieczorek Anna , Hortelano Gonzalo 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackgroundHemophilia B patients are subject to frequent and spontaneous bleeding caused by a deficiency of clotting factor IX (FIX). Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been used in cellular therapies as a result of their immunomodulatory properties, the ability to home to sites of injury and their amenability to variousex vivomodifications, including lentiviral‐mediated gene transfer.MethodsMSCs were isolated from human umbilical cord blood and differentiated into adipogenic, chondrogenic and osteogenic lineages. A lentiviral DNA vector containing the human FIX gene was generated using traditional restriction enzyme digest and ligation techniques to generate viable replication‐incompetent lentiviral particles that were used to transduce MSCs. Quantitative measurement of FIX expression was conducted using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsThe over‐expression of FIX was sustainedin vitroat levels > 4 µg/106cells/24 h and FIX coagulant activity was > 2.5 mIU/106cells/24 h for the 6‐week duration of study. Lentiviral modification of cells with a multiplicity of infection of 10 did not adversely affect the potential of cord blood (CB) MSCs to differentiate to adipocytes, chondrocytes and osteoblastic cells, and the expression of functional FIX was sustained after differentiation and was similar to that in nondifferentiated cells.ConclusionsModification of human CB MSCs with a lentiviral vector resulted in sustained high FIX expressionin vitroafter differentiation to adipogenic, chondrogenic and osteoblastic cells. These modified MSCs could have applications in cellular therapies for hemophilia B. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Treewidth of the Line Graph of a Complete Graph
Authors: Harvey Daniel J. , Wood David R. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn recent articles by Grohe and Marx, the treewidth of the line graph of a complete graph is a critical example—in a certain sense, every graph with large treewidth “contains” . However, the treewidth of was not determined exactly. We determine the exact treewidth of the line graph of a complete graph.
Determination of β‐N‐oxalyl‐l‐α,β‐diaminopropionic acid and homoarginine in Lathyrus sativus and Lathyrus cicera by capillary zone electrophoresis
Authors: Sacristán Mara , Varela Alejandro , Pedrosa Mercedes M , Burbano Carmen , Cuadrado Carmen , Legaz M Estrella , Muzquiz Mercedes 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDLathyrus species as legumes represent an alternative protein source for human and animal nutrition. Heavy consumption of these species can lead to lathyrism, caused by the non‐protein amino acid β‐N‐oxalyl‐l‐α,β‐diaminopropionic acid (β‐ODAP). Currently, there is no well‐defined level below which β‐ODAP is considered non‐toxic. In this work, the β‐ODAP content was determined in L. sativus and L. cicera samples to assess their potential toxicity. Homoarginine is another non‐protein amino acid found in Lathyrus spp. with interesting implications for human and animal nutrition.RESULTSThe level of β‐ODAP found in these two species ranged from 0.79 to 5.05 mg g−1. The homoarginine content of the samples ranged from 7.49 to 12.44 mg g−1.CONCLUSIONThis paper describes an accurate, fast and sensitive method of simultaneous detection and quantification of β‐ODAP and homoarginine by capillary zone electrophoresis in L. cicera and L. sativus seeds. Moreover, several methods of extraction were compared to determine the highest performance. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
O‐Nucleophilicity of Hydroxamate Ions for Cleavage of Carboxylate and Phosphate Esters in Cationic Micelles
Authors: SATNAMI MANMOHAN L. , KARBHAL INDRAPAL , DEWANGAN HITESH K. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTThe nucleophilic reactivities of hydroxamate (HA−) ions of the structure RCONHO− [R = CH3 (acetohydroxamate, AHA−), C6H5 (benzohydroxamate, BHA−), 2‐OHC6H4 (salicylhydroxamate, SHA−), and 4‐CH3OC6H4 (4‐methoxbenzohydroxamate, MBHA−)] for the hydrolysis of p‐nitrophenyl benzoate (PNPB), tris(3‐nitrophenyl) phosphate (TRIS), and bis(2,4‐dinitrophenyl) phosphate (BDNPP) have been examined kinetically. Over the pH range of 6.7–11.4, the α‐nucleophile (HA−) accelerates deacylation of PNPB and dephosphorylation of TRIS (in cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) micelle, 2.0 × 10−3 M). The salicylhydroxamate ion encountered effective catalysis than AHA−, BHA−, and MBHA− ions. The monoanionic SHA− and dianionic SA2− forms of salicylhydroxamic acid are the reactive species. The hydroxamic acid concentration–dependent critical micelle concentration (cmc) and fractional ionization constant (α) and of CTAB provide qualitative information for the micellar incorporation of the hydroxamate ion. The ab initio calculations performed on the hydroxamate ions at restricted Hartree–Fock using the 6‐311G (d,p) basis set revealed the O‐nucleophilicity of hydroxamate ions toward C=O and P=O centers. On the basis of ab initio calculation, it has been concluded that hydroxamic acids can exist into E‐amide and Z‐amide forms. The large stable amide or imide anions of hydroxamate are strong nucleophilic for the esterolytic cleavage of carboxylate and phosphate esters.
Electrical stimulation influences satellite cell differentiation after sciatic nerve crush injury in rats
Authors: Xing Huayi , Zhou Mouwang , Assinck Peggy , Liu Nan 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Electrical stimulation is often used to prevent muscle atrophy and preserve contractile function, but its effects on the satellite cell population after nerve injury are not well understood. In this study we aimed to determine whether satellite cell differentiation is affected by electrical stimulation after nerve crush.Methods: The sciatic nerves of Sprague‐Dawley (SD) rats were crushed. Half of the injured rats received daily electrical stimulation of the gastrocnemius muscle, and the others did not. Tests for detecting paired box protein 7 (Pax7), myogenic differentiation antigen (MyoD), embryonic myosin heavy chain (eMyHC), and force production were performed 2, 4, and 6 weeks after injury.Results: More Pax7+/MyoD+nuclei in stimulated muscles were observed than in non‐stimulated muscles. eMyHC expression was elevated in stimulated muscles and correlated positively with enhanced force production.Conclusions: Increased satellite cell differentiation is correlated with preserved muscle function in response to electrical stimulation after nerve injury.Muscle Nerve51: 400–411, 2015
A nonatomic‐game model for timing clearance sales under competition
Authors: Yang Jian , Xia Yusen , Qi Xiangtong , Liu Yifeng 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWe deal with dynamic revenue management (RM) under competition using the nonatomic‐game approach. Here, a continuum of heterogeneous sellers try to sell the same product over a given time horizon. Each seller can lower his price once at the time of his own choosing, and faces Poisson demand arrival with a rate that is the product of a price‐sensitive term and a market‐dependent term. Different types of sellers interact, and their respective prices help shape the overall market in which they operate, thereby influencing the behavior of all sellers. Using the infinite‐seller approximation, which deprives any individual seller of his influence over the entire market, we show the existence of a certain pattern of seller behaviors that collectively produce an environment to which the behavior pattern forms a best response. Such equilibrium behaviors point to the suitability of threshold‐like pricing policies. Our computational study yields insights to RM under competition, such as profound ways in which consumer and competitor types influence seller behaviors and market conditions. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 61: 365–385, 2014
Outcomes of critical congenital heart disease requiring emergent neonatal cardiac intervention
Authors: Pruetz Jay D. , Carroll Caitlin , Trento Luca U. , Chang Ruey‐Kang , Detterich Jon , Miller David A. , Sklansky Mark 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate outcomes for neonates with critical congenital heart disease (CHD) requiring emergent neonatal cardiac intervention (ENCI).MethodsNeonates < 30 days of age that underwent ENCI at <48 h of age were retrospectively enrolled over a 2‐year period.ResultsForty‐seven neonates met inclusion criteria for ENCI comprising nine cardiac defects that underwent 25 catheterizations and 22 cardiothoracic surgeries. The main groups were d‐transposition of the great arteries (DTGA) and total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR). Prenatal detection was 38% overall: higher for single ventricle (86%) and heterotaxy (75%) than for DTGA (28%) or TAPVR (13%). Mortality was 11.1% (2/18) in prenatally diagnosed versus 13.8% (4/29) in postnatally diagnosed neonates (p = 0.86). Prenatal detection was associated with shorter mean hospital stay: 16.8 versus 30.3 days (p = 0.03). Prenatally diagnosed patients had lower preoperative inotropic scores (p = 0.02), less acidosis (pH; p = 0.09), but decreased likelihood of spontaneous labor (p = 0.01), lower gestational age (p = 0.01), and lower birth weight (p = 0.01).ConclusionsFewer deaths occurred in neonates with prenatal detection of their critical CHD requiring ENCI. However, there was no statistical difference in survival demonstrated for prenatally diagnosed neonates in this small cohort. Prenatal detection did improve preoperative clinical status and shorten hospital length of stay. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ammonium Perchlorate, Friend or Foe?
Authors: Tunnell Ruth , Ashcroft Mark , Dale Roz , Tod Dave , Proud William G. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn part 1 of this paper, it was demonstrated that a nitroglycerine and polyethylene glycol based propellant containing ammonium perchlorate degraded at a slower rate at temperatures of 80 °C or less compared with the other two energetic materials studied which did not have this oxidizer present. It was suggested that ammonium perchlorate might act as an oxygen inhibitor reducing the oxidation rate of the polyethylene glycol binder which decreases the rate of propellant decomposition. In part 2, the specific interaction between ammonium perchlorate, nitroglycerine and polyethylene glycol is reported. It has been shown that at temperatures lower than 90 °C, if there is any uncured and unstabilised PEG present, nitroglycerine rapidly degrades in the presence of ammonium perchlorate but this is prevented if stabiliser is added. In addition, ammonium perchlorate initially appears to hinder acid hydrolysis of nitroglycerine which also slows down the degradation of polyethylene glycol based propellants. However, in the long term at low temperatures, or short term at higher temperatures, AP accelerates the decomposition of NG.
Bishydrazinium and Diammonium Salts of 4,4′,5,5′‐Tetranitro‐2,2′‐biimidazolate (TNBI): Synthesis and Properties
Authors: Paraskos Alexander J. , Cooke Edward D. , Caflin Kelley C. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe diammonium (1) and bishydrazinium (2) salts of 4,4′,5,5′‐tetranitro‐2,2′‐biimidazolate (TNBI) were synthesized and their physical properties as well as predicted explosive performance characteristics are described. These dianionic salts are easily formed in good yields by reaction of TNBI with aqueous solutions of the cationic species. TNBI is synthesized from 2,2′‐biimidazole, which is ultimately synthesized by the condensation of aqueous glyoxal with ammonium acetate. The compounds were characterized by NMR spectroscopy, vibrational (FT‐IR and Raman) spectroscopy, elemental analysis, thermal analysis (DSC, VTS and calorimetry), and small scale safety testing (impact, friction, ESD). The measured densities and heats of formation are reported. The materials show promise for use in IM explosive and propellant formulations due to the combination of their calculated performances, thermal stability and insensitivity to stimuli.
Role of β‐lactamase residues in a common interface for binding the structurally unrelated inhibitory proteins BLIP and BLIP‐II
Authors: Fryszczyn Bartlomiej G. , Adamski Carolyn J. , Brown Nicholas G. , Rice Kacie , Huang Wanzhi , Palzkill Timothy 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe β‐lactamase inhibitory proteins (BLIPs) are a model system for examining molecular recognition in protein‐protein interactions. BLIP and BLIP‐II are structurally unrelated proteins that bind and inhibit TEM‐1 β‐lactamase. Both BLIPs share a common binding interface on TEM‐1 and make contacts with many of the same TEM‐1 surface residues. BLIP‐II, however, binds TEM‐1 over 150‐fold tighter than BLIP despite the fact that it has fewer contact residues and a smaller binding interface. The role of eleven TEM‐1 amino acid residues that contact both BLIP and BLIP‐II was examined by alanine mutagenesis and determination of the association (kon) and dissociation (koff) rate constants for binding each partner. The substitutions had little impact on association rates and resulted in a wide range of dissociation rates as previously observed for substitutions on the BLIP side of the interface. The substitutions also had less effect on binding affinity for BLIP than BLIP‐II. This is consistent with the high affinity and small binding interface of the TEM‐1‐BLIP‐II complex, which predicts per residue contributions should be higher for TEM‐1 binding to BLIP‐II versus BLIP. Two TEM‐1 residues (E104 and M129) were found to be hotspots for binding BLIP while five (L102, Y105, P107, K111, and M129) are hotspots for binding BLIP‐II with only M129 as a common hotspot for both. Thus, although the same TEM‐1 surface binds to both BLIP and BLIP‐II, the distribution of binding energy on the surface is different for the two target proteins, that is, different binding strategies are employed.
Preface: Focus on Functional Oxides
Authors: Knaup Jan M. , Frauenheim Thomas , Broqvist Peter , Ramanathan Shriram 
Published: June 2014

AbstractOxide materials might form the basis for the next technological revolutions in fields such as electronics, photovoltaics or heterogeneous catalysis by enabling the production of inexpensive, high capacity and fast nonvolatile memories, neuromorphic computers and control systems, and efficient energy conversion devices. All these possible applications have in common that they promise to expand the limits of existing technologies by exploiting the inherent material‐level complexity of oxides. However, the enhanced opportunities of this added complexity come at the price of significantly greater difficulties in understanding the materials' properties and their implications. Among many, the peculiar and variable mixture of ionic and covalent bonding behavior and the relative ease of changing the oxygen content of many compounds lead to fascinating effects. Furthermore, a deep level of understanding of the materials properties and their relation to synthesis is crucial for eventual applications. In recent years, an enormous amount of work has been devoted to the development of new experimental and theoretical tools, which have enabled much improved understanding of oxide behavior. Materials science is now becoming able to predict and engineer the behavior of oxide materials and explore brave new worlds of functionality.The recent advances in functional oxide science and technology prompted us to hold the CECAM workshop on “Functional Oxides for Emerging Technologies” at the Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science in October 2013, and it was during the preparation for this workshop that the Focus Issue on functional oxides was conceived.The three Review@RRL articles introduce the reader to innovative, low energy electron microscopy [1], controllable electric conduction at oxide interfaces [2], and ionic switching based RRAM [3]. The 20 original Letters present exciting new research on the topics of transport properties [4], super‐reducible oxides [5], ferroelectricity [6], point defects [7], memory applications [8–10], bulk properties [11–14], interfaces [15–17], surfaces [18–20] and catalytic properties [21–23].We sincerely hope that you will find our collection of articles from the forefront of functional oxide research to be informative and that reading our Focus Issue inspires you to come up with more and even better ideas and insights. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A mechanistic study of fragmentation of deprotonated N,2‐diphenyl‐acetamides in electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Lu Zhihua , Chai Yunfeng , Wang Jichao , Pan Yuanjiang , Sun Cuirong , Zeng Su 
Published: June 2014

RATIONALEExploring the fragmentation mechanism of amide ions in mass spectrometry has attracted great interest because of the desire to analyze the amino acid sequences of peptides and proteins. However, the collision‐induced dissociation (CID) mechanism of deprotonated small amides has been rarely studied in electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS). The fragmentation of deprotonated N,2‐diphenylacetamides exhibited some characteristic fragment ions, which are not derived from the conventional cleavage route. Therefore, clarification of their fragmentation mechanism is very important and useful for structural analysis of related amides and peptides.METHODSAll CID experiments were carried out using an electrospray ionization ion trap mass spectrometer in negative ion mode. In addition, the accurate masses of fragments were measured on an ESI quadrupole time‐of‐flight (Q‐TOF) mass spectrometer in negative ion mode. Deuterium‐labeled 2‐phenyl‐N‐(4‐trifluoromethylphenyl)acetamide was synthesized and its ESI fragmentation spectrum had been obtained. Theoretical calculations were carried out by the density functional theory (DFT) method at the B3LYP level of theory with the 6‐31G++(d,p) basis set.RESULTSDeprotonated N,2‐diphenylacetamides mainly generate four kinds of ions in CID: benzyl anion, aniline anion, phenyl‐ethenone anion and isocyanato‐benzene anion bearing respective substituent groups. The benzyl anion and the aniline anion can be generated by direct decomposition. The phenyl‐ethenone anion and the isocyanato‐benzene anion were proposed to be yielded from proton transfer within an ion‐neutral complex, and the intensities of two competitive product ions are well correlated with the substituent constants. The mechanism was also supported by theoretical calculations.CONCLUSIONSThe characteristic fragment ions of deprotonated N,2‐diphenylacetamides were proposed to be produced via an ion‐neutral complex mechanism, which was proved by deuterium‐labeling experiments, theoretical calculations and substituent effects. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characteristic fragmentation behavior of tobacco‐specific N‐nitrosamines using electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry incorporating deuterium labeling
Authors: Hu An‐Fu , Jiang Jian , Zhou Guo‐Jun , Yang Jun , Xiao Wei‐Qiang , Xu Jian 
Published: June 2014

RATIONALETobacco‐specific N‐nitrosamines (TSNAs) mainly include 4‐(methylnitrosamino)‐1‐(3‐pyridyl)‐1‐butanone (NNK), N‐nitrosonornicotine (NNN), N‐nitrosoanabasine (NAB) and N‐nitrosoanatabine (NAT) that are formed from tobacco alkaloids during the curing process and contained in tobacco and tobacco smoke. They are linked with carcinogenesis. Analytical methods for quality control of products and determination of their metabolites are therefore of great importance.METHODSThe characteristic fragmentation behaviors of tobacco‐specific TSNAs have been studied by electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry. The deutero‐labeled TSNA compounds have also been employed to clarify the fragmentation mechanism, which further confirms the proposed fragmentation patterns.RESULTSDetailed analysis of the resultant fragments shows there are two different kinds of fragmentation patterns with the general fragment backbone of pyrrolidine or piperidine rings. In one route, pyrrolidine or piperidine rings undergo direct fragmentation and form some stable intermediates without affecting the parent rings. The other, however, involves ring opening and then ring closure at the pyridine‐2 carbon atom to form multi‐membered rings.CONCLUSIONSThis characteristic fragmentation behavior therefore provides useful information on identification of TSNAs that may be used to monitor such kinds of compound in the biological metabolism. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stable carbon isotope fractionation data between H2CO3* and CO2(g) extended to 120 °C
Authors: Myrttinen A. , Becker V. , Mayer B. , Barth J. A. C. 
Published: June 2014

RATIONALELiterature data on experimentally derived equilibrium stable carbon isotope fractionation (103lnα13C) between H2CO3* (H2CO3 + CO2(aq)) and gaseous CO2 (CO2(g)) are so far only available up to 60 °C and were typically determined at or near atmospheric pressures. Here we experimentally expand this dataset to temperature and pressure conditions close to the supercritical state for CO2. The objective is to improve the applicability of stable carbon isotopes as a tracer in environments where such conditions prevail.METHODSEighteen stable carbon isotope laboratory experiments were conducted in a steel vessel. Deionised water that was acidified with hydrochloric acid (HCl, 1 N) to a pH of 2.4 was equilibrated with CO2(g) at pressures (pCO2) of 55 bar for durations between 2 and 188 h. The experiments were conducted at 20, 60, 80, 100 and 120 °C. H2CO3* and CO2(g) were sampled separately and their carbon isotope ratios were determined by isotope ratio mass spectrometry.RESULTSAt 20 °C, average 103lnα13CH2CO3*–CO2(g) values of ‐1.0 ± 0.1 ‰ were observed with a preference for 12C in H2CO3* consistent with previous research. At elevated temperatures of 120 °C, 103lnα13CH2CO3*–CO2(g) values decreased to an average value of −0.7 ± 0.1 ‰. The resulting temperature dependence for carbon isotope fractionation between H2CO3* and CO2(g) was 103lnα13CH2CO3*–CO2(g) = (0.0025 ± 0.0004) T(°C) – (1.0 ± 0.03) ‰. Carbon isotope equilibrium between H2CO3* and CO2(g) was reached within reaction times of 18 h and mostly within 5 h or less.CONCLUSIONS103lnα13CH2CO3*–CO2(g) data are now available for temperatures up to 120 °C and for pressures of up to 55 bar. The results suggest that higher pCO2 levels possibly shorten carbon isotope equilibration times. These data are critically important for using δ13C values as tracers, for instance at geological CO2 sequestration sites and corresponding natural analogues. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.