bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Taming Two‐Dimensional Polymerization by a Machine‐Learning Discovered Crystallization Model
Authors: Tian Jiaxin , Treaster Kiana A. , Xiong Liangtao , Wang Zixiao , Evans Austin M. , Li Haoyuan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRapidly synthesizing high‐quality two‐dimensional covalent organic frameworks (2D COFs) is crucial for their practical applications. While strategies such as slow monomer addition have been developed based on an empirical understanding of their formation process, quantitative guidance remains absent, which prohibits precise optimizations of the experimental conditions. Here, we use a machine‐learning approach that overcomes the challenges associated with bottom‐up model derivation for the non‐classical 2D COF crystallization processes. The resulting model, referred to as NEgen1, establishes correlations among the induction time, nucleation rate, growth rate, bond‐forming rate constants, and common solution synthesis conditions for 2D COFs that grow by a nucleation‐elongation mechanism. The results elucidate the detailed competition between the nucleation and growth dynamics in solution, which has been inappropriately described previously by classical, empirical models with assumptions invalid for 2D COF polymerization. By understanding the dynamic processes at play, the NEgen1 model reveals a simple strategy of gradually increasing monomer addition speed for growing large 2D COF crystals. This insight enables us to rapidly synthesize large COF‐5 colloids, which could only be achieved previously by prolonged reaction times or by introducing chemical modulators. These results highlight the potential for systematically improving the crystal quality of 2D COFs, which has wide‐reaching relevance for many of the applications where 2D COFs are speculated to be valuable.
Symmetric Anion Mediated Dynamic Kinetic Asymmetric Knoevenagel Reaction for N−C and N−N Atropisomers Synthesis
Authors: Qu Hongyu , Huo Chenyang , Ge Jimeng , Xue Xiaoping , Gu Zhenhua , Deng Ruixian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA symmetric anion mediated dynamic kinetic asymmetric Knoevenagel reaction was established as a general and efficient method for accessing both N−C and N−N atropisomers. The resulting highly enantio‐pure pyridine‐2,6(1H,3H)‐diones exhibit diverse structures and functional groups. The key to excellent regio‐ and remote enantiocontrol could be owed to the hydrogen bond between the enolate anion and triflamide block of the organocatalyst. This connected the enolate anion and iminium cation by a chiral backbone. The mechanism investigation via control experiments, correlation analysis, and density functional theory calculations further revealed how the stereochemical information was transferred from the catalyst into the axially chiral pyridine‐2,6(1H,3H)‐diones. The synthetic applications also demonstrated the reaction's potential.
Synthesis and performance evaluation of low‐damage variable viscosity integrated drag reducer
Authors: Fan Yuheng , Yu Weichu , Shu Wenming , Zhang Ying , Ju Yiwen , Fan Pingtian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTo solve problems such as inadequate proppant carrying capacity, a complex viscosity changing process, and limited environmental friendliness associated with traditional slick water fracturing fluids, a variable viscosity friction reducer called Jianghan friction reducer (JHFR) with low damage, high drag reduction, and strong proppant‐carrying capacity is prepared by inverse emulsion polymerization. The properties of JHFR are investigated by viscometer, JHFR‐II high‐temperature and high‐pressure slick water drag reduction rate tester, surface tension meter, and JHCQ Core dynamic damage evaluation device. The result shows that the dissolution time of JHFR is less than 120 s. The drag reduction of 0.08 wt% JHFR (4.83 mPa s) is 80.3%. When the concentration of JHFR increases from 0.08 to 0.8 wt %, the viscosity of the JHFR increases from 4.83to 97.41 mPa s. After sheared at 90°C and 170 s−1 for 60 min, the viscosity of 0.8 wt% JHFR still maintains 51 mPa s. The damage rate of JHFR to core matrix permeability is lower than 30%. JHFR also shows the advantages of easy breakage and low residue. It provides guidance for the design and selection of fracturing fluid for unconventional oil and gas reservoir development.
The Mira discovery problem—Observations by David Fabricius in 1596 and 1609 (and by others before?): Positional accuracy, brightness, color index, and period
Authors: Neuhäuser R. , Neuhäuser D. L. , Mugrauer M. , Luge D. , Chapman J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe pulsating variable star Mira (o Ceti) was observed by David Fabricius (Frisia) in 1596 and 1609. We review suggested previous detections (e.g., China, Hipparchos). We analyze all Mira records from Fabricius in their historical context. Fabricius measured the separation of Mira to other stars to ±1.6−1.7′. From his texts, we derive a brightness (slightly brighter than Hamal) of ca. 1.9±0.1 mag and a color index B‐V1.3−1.4 mag (‘like Mars’) for 1596 Aug 3 (Jul.). Mira started to fainten 19 days later and was observed until mid/late Oct. We show why such a red star cannot be followed by the naked eye until ca. 6 mag: For Mira's color at disappearance and altitude from Frisia, the limit is reduced by ca. 1.0 mag. Since Fabricius connected the Mira brightening with the close‐by prograde Jupiter, he re‐detected it only 12 years later, probably shortly before a relatively bright maximum—discoveries are strongly affected by biases. A Mira period of 330.2 days is consistent with both the oldest data (from Fabricius 1596 to Hevelius 1660) and the most current data (VSX 2004–2023), so that we see no evidence for secular period or phase shifts. (We also present Fabricius' observations of P Cygni in 1602.)
Transitions from primary to secondary school in Greater Manchester: A qualitative exploration of the perspectives of Year 6 children who receive pupil premium funding
Authors: Garner Elizabeth , Bagnall Charlotte Louise 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPrimary–secondary school transitions are widely recognised as pivotal developmental periods, which can have positive and negative longitudinal implications on the education, wellbeing and mental health of children. Yet few studies have sought the voice of children through interviews, and especially children in receipt of pupil premium funding (PPF) (a government grant given to schools in England to support disadvantaged pupils from low socio‐economic status [SES] backgrounds). This is concerning, given that children who receive PPF are at greater risk of poorer academic, social and emotional outcomes and exclusion during this time. Our study aims to explore the perspectives of such children to better understand their lived experience of primary–secondary school transitions. The sample consisted of nine Year 6 (last year of primary school in England) children who received PPF, recruited from two schools in Greater Manchester. The children participated in semi‐structured Zoom interviews. Transcribed audio‐recordings were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. The children discussed a mixture of contrasting feelings towards the emotional, social, academic and practical aspects of primary–secondary school transitions. In addition, children highlighted the supportive value of having older siblings, cousins and friends already at secondary school and discussed the range of support that had been offered by their schools and how this could be improved. The study makes a unique empirical contribution to understanding the lived experiences of children in receipt of PPF leading up to primary–secondary school transitions. In doing so, we make a unique theoretical contribution to multiple and multi‐dimensional transitions theory in exploring the impact of wider social factors, such as SES, on primary–secondary school transitions experiences. This understanding has important implications for educational policy and practice, in addition to further research, especially given the methodological, theoretical and conceptual considerations discussed.
A simple and sensitive LC–MS/MS method for the determination of loganic acid in rat plasma and its pharmacokinetic analysis
Authors: Wang Panpan , Zou Lu , Han Han , Zhang Tong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLoganic acid is an iridoid compound extracted from Gentianaceae plant Gentiana macrophylla Pall. It can effectively inhibit inflammation and tumor migration and has antioxidant activity. In this paper, we establish a simple, fast, sensitive and validated LC–MS method with the purpose of quantification of loganic acid in rat plasma with gliclazide as an internal standard (IS). Methanol was used to precipitate the protein in the plasma sample, and a C18 column (2.1 × 50 mm, 1.7 μm) was used for the separation of the target compound. Meanwhile, 0.1% formic acid water–methanol was employed as the mobile phase. Multiple reaction monitoring detection mode was adopted in detection with m/z 375.1 > 213.2 for loganic acid and m/z 322.1 > 169.9 for the IS, respectively, in negative ion scan mode. The linear range of calibration curve was 5.77–11,540.00 ng/ml, and the lower limit of detedtion was 2.89 ng/ml. The inter‐day and intra‐day precision and accuracy were <15% for lower limit of quantitation, low, middle and high quality control samples. This method was successfully used for the pharmacokinetic study of loganic acid in rat plasma at a dose range of 50–150 mg/kg for oral administration and 2 mg/kg for intravenous administration. The pharmacokinetic results showed that the oral bioavailability of loganic acid was low (2.71–5.58%).
Pd(II)‐Catalyzed Site‐Selective Cross Coupling Reaction: Synthesis of Highly Fluorescent Aryl−Formyl−Chromenes and its Iminoantipyrine Analogues as Selective AChE Inhibitors
Authors: Govada Grace Victoria , Pal Sanjivani , Panjacharam Paranimuthu , Bhatt Harshil Samir , Kumar Sanjit , Lin Chun‐Cheng , Wang Sheng‐kai , Reddy Sabbasani Rajasekhara 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA versatile and efficient chemo selective synthesis of 4‐aryl‐3‐formyl‐2H‐chromenes (AFC) was undertaken using Pd‐catalyzed cross‐coupling conditions. The key oxidative transmetalation was successfully applied to a significant range of substitutions on the chromene moiety and aryl ring in Ar(BOH)3, accommodating both electron‐rich and electron‐deficient groups. These π‐extended scaffolds exhibited green‐yellow fluorescence with a large Stokes shift and high quantum yield. Measurement of photophysical properties revealed that the compound with methoxy substitution in the chromene ring, 3t, caused a significant bathochromic shift. The AFCs obtained from this method can be transformed into biologically active 4‐aryl‐3‐iminoantipyrine‐2H‐chromenes (AAC) through functionalization of the formyl chromenes. The AFCs and AACs with methoxy substitutions (3t and 4e) were docked against AChE inhibition, and compound 4e had the lowest binding energy of −11.20 kcal/mol. DFT calculations performed on representative compounds revealed that compound 4e is more reactive than 3t, which is in accordance with the docking studies.
Fluorinated Linkers Enable High‐Voltage Pyrrolidinium‐based Dicationic Ionic Liquid Electrolytes
Authors: Katcharava Zviadi , Navazandeh‐Tirkalaee Farahnaz , Orlamünde Torje E. , Busse Karsten , Kinkelin Simon‐Johannes , Beiner Mario , Marinow Anja , Binder Wolfgang H. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNovel fluorinated, pyrrolidinium‐based dicationic ionic liquids (FDILs) as high‐performance electrolytes in energy storage devices have been prepared, displaying unprecedented electrochemical stabilities (up to 7 V); thermal stability (up to 370 °C) and ion transport (up to 1.45 mS cm−1). FDILs were designed with a fluorinated ether linker and paired with TFSI/FSI counterions. To comprehensively assess the impact of the fluorinated spacer on their electrochemical, thermal, and physico‐chemical properties, a comparison with their non‐fluorinated counterparts was conducted. With a specific focus on their application as electrolytes in next‐generation high‐voltage lithium‐ion batteries, the impact of the Li‐salt on the characteristics of dicationic ILs was systematically evaluated. The incorporation of a fluorinated linker demonstrates significantly superior properties compared to their non‐fluorinated counterparts, presenting a promising alternative towards next‐generation high‐voltage energy storage systems.
Preliminary strategy and product analysis of microwave pyrolysis of waste printed circuit board
Authors: Liu Chengfei , Li Chunyu , Shu Bo , Xia Hongying , Liu Dafang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this study, microwave pyrolysis of waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs) was carried out in an inert atmosphere, and the effects of pyrolysis temperature and nitrogen flow rate on the yield and composition of pyrolysis products were investigated. With the increase of pyrolysis temperature, the yield of liquid product increases gradually, and the yield of solid product decreases gradually. At 600°C, the yield of each phase tends to be stable. When the temperature continues to rise, the content of H2 and CO decreases, and the content of C6 ~ C9 in the liquid product decreases. Microwave heating promotes the pyrolysis of brominated epoxy resin, which helps to improve the recovery rate of valuable substances and reduce the environmental impact of waste treatment. This study demonstrates that the microwave pyrolysis of WPCBs in nitrogen atmosphere has great potential in the green recovery process.
Emergence of the ZNF675 Gene During Primate Evolution–Influenced Human Neurodevelopment Through Changing HES1 Autoregulation
Authors: Lodewijk Gerrald A. , de Geus Matthijs , Guimarães Rita L. F. P. , Jacobs Frank M. J. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTIn this study, we investigated recurrent copy number variations (CNVs) in the 19p12 locus, which are associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. The two genes in this locus, ZNF675 and ZNF681, arose via gene duplication in primates, and their presence in several pathological CNVs in the human population suggests that either or both of these genes are required for normal human brain development. ZNF675 and ZNF681 are members of the Krüppel‐associated box zinc finger (KZNF) protein family, a class of transcriptional repressors important for epigenetic silencing of specific genomic regions. About 170 primate‐specific KZNFs are present in the human genome. Although KZNFs are primarily associated with repressing retrotransposon‐derived DNA, evidence is emerging that they can be co‐opted for other gene regulatory processes. We show that genetic deletion of ZNF675 causes developmental defects in cortical organoids, and our data suggest that part of the observed neurodevelopmental phenotype is mediated by a gene regulatory role of ZNF675 on the promoter of the neurodevelopmental gene Hes family BHLH transcription factor 1 (HES1). We also find evidence for the recently evolved regulation of genes involved in neurological disorders, microcephalin 1 and sestrin 3. We show that ZNF675 interferes with HES1 auto‐inhibition, a process essential for the maintenance of neural progenitors. As a striking example of how some KZNFs have integrated into preexisting gene expression networks, these findings suggest the emergence of ZNF675 has caused a change in the balance of HES1 autoregulation. The association of ZNF675 CNV with human developmental disorders and ZNF675‐mediated regulation of neurodevelopmental genes suggests that it evolved into an important factor for human brain development.
Established a therapeutic response prediction model in metastatic gastric cancer by liquid biopsy
Authors: Liu Sheng , Zhu Huacong , Yu Shi‐Tong , Shi Jiaolong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study by Okuno et al. successfully identified eight exo‐miRNAs through exosome‐based discovery and established an exo‐miRNA‐based liquid biopsy assay for predicting therapeutic response in metastatic gastric cancer (mGC). Exosomes, a subpopulation of extracellular vesicles originating from endosomes, play a crucial role in this context. Liquid biopsy, analyzing blood for circulating tumor cells, extracellular vesicles, or cell‐free nucleic acid, has revolutionized cancer diagnosis and monitoring. It significantly contributes to early detection, staging, and relapse detection in various cancers. Numerous studies have highlighted the clinical significance of miRNA and lncRNA within extracellular vesicles. The authors developed a response‐prediction model for chemo‐responsiveness in mGC patients. This study's model predicts responses robustly, demonstrating its potential efficacy in clinical practice. It offers a non‐invasive and accessible method for therapeutic response prediction, crucial for precision medicine in mGC. Successful translation of these findings into clinical applications promises substantial benefits for patient care.
Drivers of wood‐inhabiting fungal diversity in European and Oriental beech forests
Authors: Mamadashvili Giorgi , Brin Antoine , Chumak Maksym , Diedus Valeriia , Drössler Lars , Förster Bernhard , Georgiev Kostadin B. , Ghrejyan Tigran , Hleb Ruslan , Kalashian Mark , Kamburov Ivan , Karagyan Gayane , Kevlishvili Joni , Khutsishvili Zviad , Larrieu Laurent , Mazmanyan Meri , Petrov Peter I. , Tabunidze Levan , Bässler Claus , Müller Jörg 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe hyperdiverse wood‐inhabiting fungi play a crucial role in the global carbon cycle, but often are threatened by deadwood removal, particularly in temperate forests dominated by European beech (Fagus sylvatica) and Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis). To study the impact of abiotic drivers, deadwood factors, forest management and biogeographical patterns in forests of both beech species on fungal composition and diversity, we collected 215 deadwood‐drilling samples in 18 forests from France to Armenia and identified fungi by meta‐barcoding. In our analyses, we distinguished the patterns driven by rare, common, and dominant species using Hill numbers. Despite a broad overlap in species, the fungal composition with focus on rare species was determined by Fagus species, deadwood type, deadwood diameter, precipitation, temperature, and management status in decreasing order. Shifting the focus on common and dominant species, only Fagus species, both climate variables and deadwood type remained. The richness of species within the deadwood objects increased significantly only with decay stage. Gamma diversity in European beech forests was higher than in Oriental beech forests. We revealed the highest gamma diversity for old‐growth forests of European beech when focusing on dominant species. Our results implicate that deadwood retention efforts, focusing on dominant fungi species, critical for the decay process, should be distributed across precipitation and temperature gradients and both Fagus species. Strategies focusing on rare species should additionally focus on different diameters and on the conservation of old‐growth forests.
Green Light Triggered Radical Annulation for the Synthesis of Indenone by Metal‐Free Photocatalysis
Authors: He Xing , Ji Jia‐Qi , Zhao Meng‐Yan , Ma Chun‐Hua , Zhang Dan‐Dan , Xu Gui‐Qing , Ding Qing‐Jie , Cui Zhen‐Wei , Jiang Yu‐Qin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLow‐energy light, endowing with excellent characteristics of lower energy, fewer side reactions, more abundance in solar light. The scenario has been developed for the fabrication of indenone through a low‐energy green light driven radical annulation reaction between α‐keto acids and internal alkynes using Rhodamine 6G as photocatalyst. Various kinds of substrates are suitable for this methodology, affording the corresponding indenones in a greener and efficient manner.
Permeability of large‐scale fractures with ununiform proppant distributions in coalbed methane development
Authors: Xu Jiaxiang , Zhao Yang , Wang Meizhu , Dong Dandan , Liu Zhe , Yang Jiaosheng , Tian Fenghua 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe coalbed methane (CBM) productivity is directly determined by the fracture permeability during hydraulic fracturing, which is regulated by the distribution of proppants. The proppant may be unevenly distributed in the fracture because of variables like the architecture of the fracture and the characteristics of the sand‐carrying fluid. This study used two types of random functions to produce different ununiform distributions of proppant clusters in large‐scale fractures, with the aim of investigating the effect of these distributions on the overall permeability of the fracture. A model of fluid‐structure coupling is proposed. The closure of large‐scale fractures under in‐situ stress is analyzed using solid mechanics and the penalty function; the CBM flowing in proppant clusters and the high‐speed channel between them is simulated using Darcy's law and the Navier–Stokes equation, respectively; and the overall permeability of fractures is computed using the fluid pressure drop throughout the fracture and the fluid flowing velocity in the fracture's outlet. Since most CBM flows along high‐speed channels between the proppant clusters, the simulated findings show that the overall permeability of fractures with an uneven distribution of proppant clusters is significantly higher than that of the proppant cluster itself. As CBM becomes more discretely distributed, the proportion of CBM flowing within the proppant cluster continuously drops. As the permeability of the proppant cluster increases, the volume ratio of proppant clusters decreases, and the distribution of proppant clusters becomes more discrete, the overall permeability of the fracture continuously increases.
Endoscopic‐assisted transorbital extended orbital exenteration: A multi‐institutional preclinical study
Authors: Roccuzzo Giuseppe , Vyskocil Erich , Hirtler Lena , Kandathil Sam Augustine , Peris‐Celda Maria , Agosti Edoardo , Kuan Edward C. , Wang Eric W. , Leong Samuel , Sharma Rishi , Borsetto Daniele , Herman Philippe , Vinciguerra Alessandro , Verillaud Benjamin , Bresson Damien , Taboni Stefano , Erovic Boban M. , Vural Alperen , Dallan Iacopo , Doglietto Francesco , Schreiber Alberto , Mattavelli Davide , Rampinelli Vittorio , Arosio Alberto Daniele , Battaglia Paolo , Valentini Marco , Turri‐Zanoni Mario , Pozzi Fabio , Volpi Luca , Bignami Maurizio , Castelnuovo Paolo , Nicolai Piero , Ferrari Marco 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundSinonasal malignancies with orbital invasion have dismal prognosis even when treated with orbital exenteration (OE). Sugawara et al. developed a surgical strategy called “extended‐OE (EOE),” showing encouraging outcomes. We hypothesized that a similar resection is achievable under endoscopic guidance through the exenterated orbit (endoscopic‐EOE).MethodsThe study was conducted in three institutions: University of Vienna; Mayo Clinic; University of Insubria; 48 orbital dissections were performed. A questionnaire was developed to evaluate feasibility and safety of each step, scoring from 1 to 10, (“impossible” to “easy,” and “high risk” to “low risk,” respectively), most likely complication(s) were hypothesized.ResultsThe step‐by‐step technique is thoroughly described. The questionnaire was answered by 25 anterior skull base surgeons from six countries. Mean, median, range, and interquartile range of both feasibility and safety scores are reported.ConclusionsEndoscopic‐EOE is a challenging but feasible procedure. Clinical validation is required to assess real‐life outcomes.