bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are older workers more active copers? Longitudinal effects of age‐contingent coping on strain at work
Authors: Hertel Guido , Rauschenbach Cornelia , Thielgen Markus M. , Krumm Stefan 
Published: February 2015

SummaryThis study addresses coping processes as explanation of age‐related differences in strain experience. Based on the life‐span theory of control, we posit that older workers employ more active problem‐focused and more active emotion‐focused coping strategies than younger workers, which should mediate age effects on strain at work. The correlation between age and passive avoidance coping, in contrast, is expected to be qualified by external resources such as job control. Hypotheses were tested in a two‐wave panel study (8 months lag) with 634 workers (age range 16–65 years). Job demands were considered as control variables. As predicted, older as compared with younger workers reported more active problem‐focused coping, which mediated age differences on strain in the longitudinal analysis. No mediation was found for active emotion‐focused coping. Moreover, age‐contingent effects of passive avoidance coping were moderated by job control. When job control was low, younger as compared with older workers reported more avoidance coping, which in turn decreased strain in the longitudinal analysis. Finally, reverse longitudinal effects of age‐contingent strain on active problem‐focused and active emotion‐focused coping provide initial evidence for age‐contingent resource spirals. Together, the results reveal specific strengths of older workers for stress management at work. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Projections of climate change in the Mediterranean Basin by using downscaled global climate model outputs
Authors: Ozturk Tugba , Ceber Zeynep Pelin , Türkeş Murat , Kurnaz M. Levent 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe Mediterranean Basin is one of the regions that shall be affected most by the impacts of the future climate changes on hydrology and water resources. In this study, projected future changes in mean air temperature and precipitation climatology and inter‐annual variability over the Mediterranean region were studied. For performing this aim, the future changes in annual and seasonal averages for the future period of 2070–2100 with respect to the period from 1970 to 2000 were investigated. Global climate model outputs of the World Climate Research Program's Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 3 multi‐model dataset were used in this work. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change SRES A2, A1B and B1 emission scenarios' outputs were used in future climate model projections. Future surface mean air temperatures of the larger Mediterranean basin increase mostly in summer and least in winter, and precipitation amounts decrease in all seasons at almost all parts of the basin. Future climate signals for air temperature and total precipitation values are much larger than the inter‐model standard deviation. Inter‐annual temperature variability increases evidently in summer season and decreases in the northern part of the domain in the winter season, while precipitation variability increases in almost all parts of domain. Probability distribution functions are found to be shifted and flattened for future period compared to the reference period. This indicates that the occurrence of frequency and intensity of high temperatures and heavy precipitation events will likely increase in the future period.
Optical design and roll‐to‐roll fabrication process of microstructure film for wide viewing LCDs
Authors: Katsuta Shohei , Yamamoto Emi , Asaoka Yasushi , Kanno Toru , Yui Hideomi , Kamada Tsuyoshi , Maeda Tsuyoshi , Tsuda Yusuke , Kondo Katsumi 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe have developed a new microstructure film for wide viewing liquid crystal displays (LCDs). By attaching it to the surface of a conventional LCD, the viewing angle characteristics of LCD has drastically improved without causing a blur of the frontal image and a decrease in the contrast ratio under bright ambient light conditions. This film can be applied to various LC modes including twisted nematic and multidomain vertical alignment by changing its internal micrometer‐size 3D structure. Further, this film can be mass‐produced efficiently by self alignment roll‐to‐roll process.
Inventory competition with yield reliability improvement
Authors: Lee Chung‐Yee , Lu Tao 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThis article studies the inventory competition under yield uncertainty. Two firms with random yield compete for substitutable demand: If one firm suffers a stockout, which can be caused by yield failure, its unsatisfied customers may switch to its competitor. We first study the case in which two competing firms decide order quantities based on the exogenous reliability levels. The results from the traditional inventory competition are generalized to the case with yield uncertainty and we find that quantity and reliability can be complementary instruments in the competition. Furthermore, we allow the firms to endogenously improve their yield reliability before competing in quantity. We show that the reliability game is submodular under some assumptions. The results indicate that the competition in quantity can discourage the reliability improvement. With an extensive numerical study, we also demonstrate the robustness of our analytical results in more general settings. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 62: 107–126, 2015
A modified quasi‐Newton diagonal update algorithm for total variation denoising problems and nonlinear monotone equations with applications in compressive sensing
Authors: Zhang Benxin , Zhu Zhibin 
Published: February 2015

SummaryIn this paper, we present a new algorithm to accelerate the Chambolle gradient projection method for total variation image restoration. The new proposed method considers an approximation of the Hessian based on the secant equation. Combined with the quasi‐Cauchy equations and diagonal updating, we can obtain a positive definite diagonal matrix. In the proposed minimization method model, we use the positive definite diagonal matrix instead of the constant time stepsize in Chambolle's method. The global convergence of the proposed scheme is proved. Some numerical results illustrate the efficiency of this method. Moreover, we also extend the quasi‐Newton diagonal updating method to solve nonlinear systems of monotone equations. Performance comparisons show that the proposed method is efficient. A practical application of the monotone equations is shown and tested on sparse signal reconstruction in compressed sensing. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Long‐term Exercise Adherence After High‐intensity Interval Training in Cardiac Rehabilitation: A Randomized Study
Authors: Aamot Inger‐Lise , Karlsen Trine , Dalen Håvard , Støylen Asbjørn 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackground and purposeExercise adherence in general is reported to be problematic after cardiac rehabilitation. Additionally, vigorous exercise is associated with impaired exercise adherence. As high‐intensity interval training (HIT) is frequently used as a therapy to patients with coronary artery disease in cardiac rehabilitation, the objective was to assess long‐term exercise adherence following an HIT cardiac rehabilitation programme.MethodsA multicentre randomized study was carried out. Eligible participants were adults who had previously attended a 12‐week HIT cardiac rehabilitation programme, as either a home‐based or hospital‐based HIT (treadmill exercise or group exercise). The primary outcome was change in peak oxygen uptake; secondary outcomes were self‐reported and objectively measured physical activity.ResultsOut of 83 eligible participants, 76 were available for assessment (68 men/8 women, mean age 59 (8) years) at a one‐year follow‐up. Peak oxygen uptake was significantly elevated above baseline values, (treadmill exercise: 35.8 (6.4) vs. 37.4 (7.4) ml kg−1 min−1, group exercise: 32.7 (6.5) vs. 34.1 (5.8) ml kg−1 min−1 and home‐based exercise: 34.5 (4.9) vs. 36.7 (5.8) ml kg−1 min−1 at baseline and follow‐up, respectively), with no significant differences between groups. The majority of the participants (>90%) met the recommended daily level of 30 minutes of moderate physical activity. The home‐based group showed a strong trend towards increased physical activity compared with the hospital‐based groups.DiscussionThe results from this study have shown that both home‐based and hospital‐based HIT in cardiac rehabilitation induce promising long‐term exercise adherence, with maintenance of peak oxygen uptake significantly above baseline values at a one‐year follow‐up. The implication for physiotherapy practice is that HIT in cardiac rehabilitation induces satisfactory long‐term exercise adherence. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A SysML Framework for Modeling Contingency Basing
Authors: Nottage Dustin , Corns Steven , Soylemezoglu Ahmet , Kinnevan Kurt 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTContingency basing presents a planner with numerous design decisions driven by multiple design criteria such as the number of soldiers, base permanency, base location, and other factors. The operational environment of the base is not static either; design requirements change as the mission changes. In this work, we introduce a model‐based systems engineering approach to elicit design and operational needs while dealing with the design complexity of constructing a contingency base. The model includes the key facility types that can make a contingency base, interactions between facility types, and required utilities for each facility type. The model elements are kept at an abstract level so the details can be altered as required by the customer needs. Pairing the model with an external analysis tool allows for quick development and testing. Properties of the facility types can be altered either in the model or the analysis tool, and reflected in both. Using the model‐ based systems engineering concepts of reusability, these elements can be saved and re‐used in future base designs allowing for a rapid and adaptable design process. In addition, the sharing of information visually with Object Management Group's Systems Modeling Language™ diagrams enhances the ability to collaborate with nonengineering subject matter experts within the design domain. By graphically showing the conditions and layout of the proposed contingency base, Department of Defense personnel not trained in modeling and simulation were able to interact with the engineering designs and identify gaps in the proposed architecture.
Vocabulary Plus Technology
Authors: Wolsey Thomas DeVere , Smetana Linda , Grisham Dana L. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractStudents who can use a term conversantly in academic environments know how to use it precisely in their writing and in their interactions with others; they can be said to deeply know, not just the word term in alphabetic or spoken forms, but the connections to ideas the term embodies. When students are intrigued by words and ideas, they want to dig more intensely. Traditionally, word learning tasks in schools do not mirror the way that words are learned beyond school walls. Vocabulary self‐collection strategy plus (VSS+) is an instructional routine using multimodal and online tools to promote engaged word learning in an authentic way. Generative technologies, such as those employed in VSS+, use the affordances of technology to combine reading and writing skills with genuine inquiry for learning content within learning communities.
Optimization of bioretention systems through application of ecological theory
Authors: Levin Lisa A. , Mehring Andrew S. 
Published: February 2015

Current design of bioretention systems is intended to intercept and retain stormwater, enhance infiltration, and remove organic particulates, nutrients, pathogens, metals, and other contaminants using natural processes that derive from the interactions of water, soil, microbes, plants, and animals. Most bioretention systems function as isolated patches of various shapes and sizes surrounded by impervious surface. A significant body of ecological theory has been developed that addresses the relationships among species composition, diversity, and ecosystem function, and how these vary with spatial structure. Here we highlight how such theories may be applied to improve the efficiency or effectiveness of bioretention systems. We consider (1) the role of plant and animal species that function as ecosystem engineers, (2) biodiversity–ecosystem function relationships, (3) complexity and stability, (4) disturbance and succession, and (5) spatial theory. Future testing of the utility of these theories may occur through incorporation of experiments into the design of bioretention systems or through meta‐analysis of systems that span a range of configurations and biotic features. WIREs Water 2015, 2:259–270. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1072This article is categorized under:

Water and Life > Conservation, Management, and Awareness
Engineering Water > Sustainable Engineering of Water
Science of Water > Water Quality
The politics, geography, and economics of desalination: a critical review
Authors: March Hug 
Published: February 2015

In the light of the collapse of the hydraulic paradigm, the intensification of the impact of climate change on the water cycle and rising global demands, desalination is portrayed as the solution to 21st century water issues. Led by state‐led desalination programs, but also with a strong participation of the private sector, the emergence and development of desalination have been geographically uneven in the last decades. Desalination has its drawbacks, not only in terms of environmental sustainability, because of the intensification of the water‐energy nexus, but also due to distributional issues that surround the access to desalinated water. These drawbacks are reviewed in detail and exemplified with reference to the case of Spain. Eventually, this article discusses to what extent desalination constitutes a radical break with the old 20th century hydraulic paradigm and interrogates whether it risks repeating the same mistakes, thus becoming a maladaptive strategy to cope with 21st century global water issues. WIREs Water 2015, 2:231–243. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1073This article is categorized under:

Engineering Water > Planning Water
Engineering Water > Sustainable Engineering of Water
Human Water > Water Governance
Retrospective Study on Search and Rescue Operations in Two Prealps Areas of Italy
Authors: Ciesa Marta , Grigolato Stefano , Cavalli Raffaele 
Published: February 2015

Objectives The rising number of people involved in outdoor recreation and tourism in mountain forest and wilderness areas close to urban areas has led to an increase of rescue efforts in the last decades. The study analyzes rescue operations in 2 mountain areas of the Veneto Prealps in Italy. Methods A retrospective review of search and rescue incident reports for a 20-year period was performed. The study also takes into consideration any differences between accidents in the 2 areas in relation to the morphology and mountain activities involved. Results There has been an increase in accidents, and the greater participation in mountain activities does not seem to be accompanied by an improvement in knowledge of the specific risks in this kind of environment. Inexperience is reflected in many reasons for callouts and is related to the remarkable rise in the number of rescued but uninjured people; the trend of fatalities and injuries is otherwise stable. Comparison of the 2 areas reveals differences in accidents mainly attributable to diversities in mountain activities involved that led to different health consequences. Conclusions Search and rescue missions in mountain areas are dangerous for rescuers and made difficult by the severe environment. The knowledge of accident characteristics is therefore very important and is necessary to reduce risks for tourists and healthcare costs. To tackle the problem of safety there is also a need for more information in the form of preventive education and publicity about the typical hazards.
Health Effects of a Farming Program to Foster Community Social Capital of a Temporary Housing Complex of the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake
Authors: Takahashi Sho , Ishiki Mikihito , Kondo Naoki , Ishiki Aiko , Toriyama Takeshi , Takahashi Shuko , Moriyama Hidenori , Ueno Masahiro , Shimanuki Masaaki , Kanno Toshio , Oki Tomoharu , Tabata Kiyoshi 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTObjectiveWe launched a health promotion program called theHamarassen(“let’s get together”) Farm, which provided farming opportunities for the victims of the Great East Japan Earthquake who resided in temporary housing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of this program on physical and mental health in terms of bone mineral density (BMD) and a sense of purpose in life.MethodsAmong 39 female participants in whom BMD was evaluated, there were 12 Hamarassen participants, 8 self-farming control subjects, and 19 non-farming control subjects. BMD was measured by calcaneal quantitative ultrasound immediately after the project launch and 5 months later. A sense of purpose in life prior to and 2 months after the project’s commencement was measured in 21 additional Hamarassen participants by use of the K-I Scale. Interviews were also conducted to qualitatively evaluate the effects of the Hamarassen program.ResultsThe mean BMD T-score improved by 0.43 in the Hamarassen group, by 0.33 in the self-farming group, and by 0.06 in the controls (p=0.02). Among the 21 Hamarassen participants in whom mental health was evaluated, the average score for a sense of purpose in life improved from 20.5 to 24.9 (p=0.001).ConclusionsThe Hamarassen Farm provided disaster victims with opportunities for social participation, interpersonal interaction, and physical exercise; such opportunities may improve physical and psychosocial well-being. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2015;9:103-110)
Improving Malawian teachers' mental health knowledge and attitudes: an integrated school mental health literacy approach
Authors: Kutcher S. , Gilberds H. , Morgan C. , Greene R. , Hamwaka K. , Perkins K. 
Published: February 2015

Background.Mental health literacy is foundational for mental health promotion, prevention, stigma reduction and care. Integrated school mental health literacy interventions may offer an effective and sustainable approach to enhancing mental health literacy for educators and students globally.Methods.Through a Grand Challenges Canada funded initiative called ‘An Integrated Approach to Addressing the Issue of Youth Depression in Malawi and Tanzania’, we culturally adapted a previously demonstrated effective Canadian school mental health curriculum resource (the Guide) for use in Malawi, the African Guide: Malawi version (AGMv), and evaluated its impact on enhancing mental health literacy for educators (teachers and youth club leaders) in 35 schools and 15 out-of-school youth clubs in the central region of Malawi. The pre- and post-test study designs were used to assess mental health literacy – knowledge and attitudes – of 218 educators before and immediately following completion of a 3-day training programme on the use of the AGMv.Results.Results demonstrated a highly significant and substantial improvement in knowledge (p < 0.0001, d = 1.16) and attitudes (p < 0.0001, d = 0.79) pertaining to mental health literacy in study participants. There were no significant differences in outcomes related to sex or location.Conclusions.These positive results suggest that an approach that integrates mental health literacy into the existing school curriculum may be an effective, significant and sustainable method of enhancing mental health literacy for educators in Malawi. If these results are further found to be sustained over time, and demonstrated to be effective when extended to students, then this model may be a useful and widely applicable method for improving mental health literacy among both educators and students across Africa.
Interferon-γ Release Assay vs. Tuberculin Skin Test for Tuberculosis Screening in Exposed Healthcare Workers: A Longitudinal Multicenter Comparative Study
Authors: Lucet Jean-Christophe , Abiteboul Dominique , Estellat Candice , Roy Carine , Chollet-Martin Sylvie , Tubach Florence , Carcelain Guislaine ,   and the QUANTIPS Study Group
Published: February 2015

OBJECTIVEHealthcare workers (HCWs), especially those caring for patients with tuberculosis (TB), are at high risk of acquiring that disease. The poor specificity of tuberculin skin testing (TST) prompted us to evaluate the effectiveness of the interferon-γ release assay (IGRA) in comparison with TST in a large prospective, multicenter, 1-year study of HCWs with occupational exposure to TB.METHODSHCWs from high-risk units at 14 university hospitals were invited to participate and underwent both TST and IGRA (first Quantiferon TB Gold-IT®, QFT-G, then T-SPOT.TB® if QFT-G was indeterminate) at baseline and after 1 year. We collected demographic characteristics, country of birth, history of TB, immunosuppression, past exposure to TB, history of BCG vaccination, results of most recent TST, job category, and duration of current function.RESULTSAmong 807 HCWs enrolled, current or past TST at baseline was positive (≥15 mm) in 282 (34.9%); the IGRA was positive in 113 (14.0%) and indeterminate in 3 (0.4%). After 1 year, 594 HCWs had both an IGRA and TST (or prior TST≥15 mm) at baseline and an IGRA and TST (if indicated). The conversion rate was 2.5% (9 of 367) with TST and 7.6% (45 of 594) with IGRA, with poor agreement between the 2 tests. Using only QFT-G, conversion (9.9%) and reversion (17.8%) rates were higher for baseline QFT-G positive quantitative values <1 IU/mL.CONCLUSIONTST and the IGRA yielded discordant results. The value of IGRA in addition to TST remains undetermined; the two should be jointly interpreted in decision-making (clinical trial registration NCT00797836).Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol2015;00(0): 1–6
Behaviour of a natural laminar flow aerofoil in flight through atmospheric turbulence
Authors: Reeh Andreas D. , Tropea C. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAtmospheric turbulence is encountered frequently in flight and it creates oncoming flow disturbances of varying direction and magnitude for aircraft passing through turbulent zones. The unique measurement set-up on a motorised glider enables the investigation of the flow processes acting on a laminar wing section in flight through atmospheric turbulence. The expected quasi-steady aerofoil characteristics are deduced from an investigation of boundary-layer transition under calm flight conditions. Spanwise frequency–wavenumber spectra and comparisons with linear stability theory (LST) yield insight into the linear and weakly nonlinear stages of transition. Simultaneous measurement of the oncoming flow, characteristic flow quantities on the wing section and the motion of the aerofoil enables correlations between these quantities and provides insight into the unsteady flight physics. Emphasis is placed on the response of laminar–turbulent transition to moderate free-stream turbulence on both sides of the wing section. On the lower side of the aerofoil significant and rapid upstream fluctuations of transition are observed, which correspond closely to variations in the pressure distribution. Wavelet analysis is applied to gain insight into the composition of these streamwise excursions of the transition front in the time-pseudo-frequency domain. It is shown that they are driven by rapid transient base-flow changes and that transition is initiated by a short growth stage of Tollmien–Schlichting (TS) waves.