bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronic myeloid leukemia data from India
Authors: Bansal Shweta , Prabhash Kumar , Parikh Purvish 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIn an effort to collaborate the data of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patient from all over India,meeting was conceived by ICON ( Indian Cooperative Oncology Network) in 2010. This article presents the summarized picture of the data presented in the meeting. In the meeting 8115 patients data was presented and 18 centres submitted their manuscripts comprising of 6677 patients. This data represents large series of patients from all over the country treated on day to day clinical practice and presents the actual outcomes of CML patients in India. The compilation of data confirms the younger age at presentation, increased incidence of resistance and poor outcomes in patients with late chronic phase. It also addresses the issues like Glivec versus Generic drug outcomes, safety of Imatinib during pregnancy and mutational analysis among resistant patients. It concludes that survival and quality of life of CML patients in India has improved over the years especially when treated in early chronic phase. The generic drug is a good option where original is unable to reach the patient due to various reasons. Hopefully, this effort will provide a platform to conduct systematic studies in learning the best treatment options among CML patients in Indian settings.
Hysterical Virgins and Little Magazines:
Authors: Bazin Victoria 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT
The decisions Marianne Moore made when editor at The Dial magazine between 1925 and 1929 are often interpreted as evidence of a fussy or even “hysterical” antipathy to obscenity. This article questions the gendered assumptions embedded in the critical history of Moore's editorial role at The Dial by comparing her encounters with Hart Crane and James Joyce to the less well-known cases of Mary Butts, and D. H. Lawrence. It argues that the “downstream work” of editors needs to be recovered and understood in relation to the material constraints of periodical publication.
Artistic Merit
Authors: Budd Malcolm 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
This paper seeks to refute the view that judgments of artistic value improperly aspire to intersubjective validity, which is to say that they can only be true or false for a particular person (or others relevantly like him), that they cannot be straightforwardly true or false. It aims to do this by showing that the principal considerations that have led to the acceptance of this view–the imprecision of the metric of artistic value and the existence of widespread and apparently unresolvable disagreements in artistic evaluation–fail to give it any support and that there are no other plausible considerations. This is achieved by distinguishing the individual relativity that is supposed (wrongly) to obtain for artistic evaluations from other forms of relativity for which artistic evaluations can properly be relative (none of these other forms implying individual relativity); by distinguishing between artistic evaluations and artistic preferences; and by identifying the value specific to art (the value of a work of art qua work of art) and, thus, the character of the properties of a work that can properly be cited as reasons in support of an artistic evaluation. The conclusion is that the claim to intersubjectivity that is built into a judgment of artistic value is in no way misplaced or suspect.
Intensive biomass removals and site productivity in Canada: A review of relevant issues
Authors: Thiffault Evelyne , Paré David , Brais Suzanne , Titus Brian D. 
Published: February 2014

A renewed interest in the intensive harvesting of forest biomass as a source of bioenergy in North America raises concerns about the impacts that this practice may have on the maintenance of forest soil productivity. In Canada, such concerns were first voiced in the 1970s, and studies were launched to investigate and predict the impact of intensive forest biomass removal on site productivity. Most of these studies focused on static nutrient budgets. In Canada and around the world, more detailed process models were also developed to study carbon, nitrogen and base cation cycles under different forest harvesting intensities. However, the validity of modelling results is still constrained by our lack of knowledge on the capacity of ecosystems to supply nutrients. A few sets of field trials have been established in Canada to gather empirical data on the impact of biomass removal on soil nutrient reserves as well as on tree nutrition and growth. Although still fairly recent, these field trials, along with the older ones established in other countries with similar site conditions and climates, provide opportunities to refine our understanding of the resilience of ecosystem processes and of the impacts of intensive biomass removal on ecosystem functions. Although numerous knowledge gaps and questions remain, some jurisdictions around the world have nevertheless issued policy directives and developed guidelines for biomass harvesting. As described by the concept of adaptive forest management, ecological monitoring of harvesting operations, scientific field testing and modelling can all interact to produce better knowledge that could then help improve policy directives. Key words: bioenergy, biomass, intensive harvesting, environmental sustainability
Good-practice guidelines for whole-tree harvesting in Sweden: Moving science into policy
Authors: Levin Rachele , Eriksson Hillevi 
Published: February 2014

Concerns over climate change, peak oil and energy security have prompted countries such as Sweden to develop policies that promote alternative energy sources, including forest-based bioenergy. Sweden is at the forefront of research and development on forest-based bioenergy and has employed a model of science-based policy development to implement bioenergy production systems. In response to environmental concerns over whole-tree harvesting for bioenergy in Sweden, a number of government-funded research programs on forest-derived bioenergy have been undertaken with the intent of generating knowledge about the effects of whole-tree harvesting, ash recycling and bioenergy-related silvicultural practices on ecological systems and values such as soil, nutrient balances, water, biodiversity, greenhouse gas balances and recreation. Sweden developed a series of recommendations and good-practice guidelines for whole tree harvesting starting in 1986 and ending with the most recent revision in 2008. These guidelines and regulations are based on various scientific studies and include prescriptions and mandates to minimize environmental damage caused by whole tree harvesting for bioenergy. From the beginning, the process of developing effective guidelines and regulations governing whole tree harvesting in Sweden has been informed by science. Guidelines and regulations govern the areas of site productivity, utilization of recycled wood ash, biodiversity and physical damage to trees and soils. Overall, Sweden’s experience demonstrates the way in which science can be used to inform guidelines and policies. Key words: Sweden, bioenergy, ash recycling, energy policy, good-practice guidelines, regulations, environment
A comparison of forest resource inventory, provincial land cover maps and field surveys for wildlife habitat analysis in the Great Lakes – St. Lawrence forest
Authors: Maxie Andrea J. , Hussey Karen F. , Lowe Stacey J. , Middel Kevin R. , Pond Bruce A. , Obbard Martyn E. , Patterson Brent R. 
Published: February 2014

In a portion of central Ontario, Canada we assessed the classification agreement between field-based estimates of forest stand composition and each of two mapped data sources used in wildlife habitat studies, the Forest Resource Inventory (FRI) and satellite-image derived Provincial Land Cover (PLC). At two study areas, Algonquin Provincial Park (APP) and Wildlife Management Unit 49 (WMU49), we surveyed 119 forest stands and 40 water and wetland stands. Correspondence levels between FRI and field classifications were 48% in APP and 44% in WMU49 when assessing six forest cover types. With only four simplified forest cover types, levels improved to 77% in APP and 63% in WMU49. Correspondence between PLC and field classifications for three forested stand types was approximately 63% in APP and 55% in WMU49. Because of the poor to moderate level of correspondence we detected between map and field classifications, we recommend that care be exercised when FRI or PLC maps are used in forest and wildlife research and management planning. Key words: forest resource inventory, FRI, provincial land cover, PLC, Landsat Thematic Mapper, map accuracy, map correspondence, map agreement, Ontario, wildlife habitat
Further observations on sudden diebacks of Scots pine in the European Alps
Authors: Gonthier Paolo , Giordano Luana , Nicolotti Giovanni 
Published: February 2014

Since the beginning of the 1990s, significant mortality of Scots pine trees has been observed in inner valleys of the Alps. The objectives of this work were to investigate and describe the aetiology of a Scots pine dieback in the Aosta Valley (western Italian Alps) in 2005. Surveys were conducted in three forest stands. Crown transparency was assessed to evaluate the incidence and severity of dieback symptoms. Phytosanitary surveys were also performed. The time series of the major climatic parameters was analyzed in order to identify common climatic anomalies between the dieback of 2005 and similar dieback episodes in other periods and in other areas of the western Alps. Dendrochronological analyses were performed to assess the relationship between tree-ring widths and climatic parameters. The lack of primary biotic agents and the low frequency of secondary pathogens suggest an abiotic origin of diebacks. The time series analysis shows that two consecutive years with a value of summer dryness index below 1.5 preceded the diebacks. Tree-ring width and summer dryness index were strongly and significantly associated. Key words: climate change, forest dieback, Scots pine, crown transparency, ecophysiology, tree-ring width
Surface fire spread potential in trembling aspen during summer in the Boreal Forest Region of Canada
Authors: Alexander Martin E 
Published: February 2014

In Canada, the importance of seasonality in forest fire danger rating associated with phenological changes in deciduous tree leaves and lesser ground vegetation has historically been taken into account by dividing the fire season into three distinct periods (i.e., spring, summer, and fall). During the mid-1980s, the developers of the Canadian Forest Fire Behavior Prediction (FBP) System did not envision that the M-2 Boreal Mixedwood  Green fuel type with 100% hardwood composition would eventually be explicitly interpreted by field users and other researchers to represent a trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) fuel type in the summer following green-up or flushing of the overstory canopy and understory vegetation. Interest in what has become to be known as the D-2 FBP System fuel type to represent leafed-out trembling aspen stands during the summer fire season has steadily increased since. Formal recognition of such a fuel type may very well constitute an example of overextending the original basis and heuristics associated with the rate of fire spread model for the M-2 FBP System fuel type. Thus, the assumptions underlying a D-2 fuel type are explicitly restated here for the benefit of fire managers and researchers alike. Furthermore, an interim guideline is presented with respect to the threshold condition in fuel dryness necessary for surface fire spread in the D-2 fuel type to occur based on existing empirical observations garnered from experimental fires, prescribed burns and wildfires. This criterion was deduced from existing information and knowledge, and is expressed in terms of the Buildup Index (BUI) component of the Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index System. The rationale for the descriptive name assigned to the D-2 fuel type and the corresponding fuel strata characteristics are given. Improvements in the present basis of the D-2 fuel type could be realized from monitoring selected wildfires and operational prescribed fires and/or by carrying out an experimental burning study. Key words: Canadian Forest Fire Behavior Prediction System,Canadian Forest Fire Danger Rating System,Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index System,deciduous,fire behavior, fire danger, fire environment, fire hazard, fire potential, fire risk, forest flammability, fuel type, fuel moisture, green-up, hardwood, rate of fire spread.
Seedling size and woody competition most important predictors of growth following free-to-grow assessments in four boreal forest plantations
Authors: Sharma Mahadev , Bell F. Wayne , White R. G. , Morneault Andreé , Towill William D. 
Published: February 2014

Improvements to forest management decisions require accurate and quantifiable information. We examined the effects of various classes of competitors on crop tree growth in the context of free-to-grow standards using regression analysis. We found that seedling size accounted for most of the variation in height and volume growth of jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) and black spruce (Picea mariana [Mill.] BSP) plantations. Including herbaceous and woody competition as explanatory variables explained the additional variation on crop tree growth significantly. In the plantation initiation phase (years 2 to 6), the presence of herbaceous competitors generally reduced conifer growth but in the first part of the stem-exclusion phase (years 7 to 12) increased their growth. In all four boreal plantations in this study, woody competitors reduced conifer growth in both the initiation and stem-exclusion phases. These results have relevance to forest managers who develop and/or use free-to-grow surveys. Key words: vegetation management, silviculture, effectiveness monitoring, forest management, regeneration success, competition effect
Le CERFO : un quart de siècle d’innovation
Authors: Lessard Guy , Blouin Donald , Boulfroy Emmanuelle , Grenon Frank , Ruel Mélanie 
Published: February 2014

With activities in most regions of Quebec, CERFO (Centre d’enseignement et de recherche en foresterie de Sainte-Foy inc.) has developed a recognized expertise in forestry topics including silviculture, sustainable forest management, forest ecology, harvesting operations, GIS and wood processing. The Centre is known for addressing practical issues using engineering processes for silviculture, forest management, harvesting and wood supply and for being a technological transfer centre. 2009 marked the 25th anniversary of the Centre and as such this is a good opportunity to summarize the important accomplishments of the Centre in applied research, technical assistance and customized training. Key words: silviculture, forest management, ecology, irregular high forest, forest certification, management of harvesting operations, optimization, wood processing, agroforestry, technological transfer, training
Negative or positive effects of plantation and intensive forestry on biodiversity: A matter of scale and perspective
Authors: Hartmann Henrik , Daoust Gaëtan , Bigué Brigitte 
Published: February 2014

Terrestrial biodiversity is closely linked to forest ecosystems but anthropogenic reductions in forest cover and changes in forest structure and composition jeopardize their biodiversity. Several forest species are threatened because of reduced habitat quality and fragmentation or even habitat loss as a result of forest management activities. In response to this threat, integrated forest management (IFM) was developed in the early 1990s and has been applied over large spatial scales ever since. While IFM seeks to satisfy both human resource demands and ecosystem integrity, the whole forest matrix is affected and this may also have negative impacts on biodiversity. The concept of forest zoning (e.g., Triad) avoids these issues by physically separating land uses from each other. The zoning approach has been developed in the same period as IFM, but there are still very few examples of large-scale applications. This may be because its distinctiveness from IFM may not always seem clear and because forest zoning is not easily implemented. Here we explain these differences and show that IFM and the zoning approach are indeed different management paradigms. We advocate the use of high-yield plantations within the zoning paradigm as a means for biodiversity conservation and review the literature (with an emphasis on the northern hemisphere and on plantation forestry within a land-zoning approach) on impacts of forest management activities on biodiversity. Furthermore, we give advice on issues that require consideration when implementing forest zoning at both the stand and the landscape levels. We recommend several small changes in design and management of forest plantations as a means to significantly increase their biodiversity value. We conclude that while forest zoning seems an adequate strategy for the Canadian forestry sector, a shift in paradigm must carry over to policy-makers and legislation if this approach is to succeed. Key words: biodiversity, landbase zoning, forest management, intensive silviculture, plantation forests
Moisture and energy content of fire-burnt trees for bioenergy production: A case study of four tree species from northwestern Ontario
Authors: Hosegood Steven , Leitch Mathew , Shahi Chander , Pulkki Reino 
Published: February 2014

With the current energy reform, the Ontario government has taken an initiative to phase out coal-fired generatingstations by 2014, and replace coal with biomass as feedstock at the Atikokan Generating Station. This switch to greenenergy production has opened a new avenue of income for mills and biomass-harvesting companies. However, as theneed for biomass increases, harvesting residues may no longer satisfy the needs of cogeneration facilities and new sourcesmay be sought. A potential source of woody biomass in Ontario is from forest fires. On average, an area of 35 460 ha or3 868 034 m3 of wood is devastated by wildfire every year in the Area of the Undertaking in Ontario and has the potentialto be salvaged. However, the fuel quality and feasibility of salvaging wildfire-burnt areas for bioenergy production innorthern Ontario has not been investigated so far. In this study, five different-aged fires in the MNR Thunder Bay District—12, 18, 24, 37, and 52 months old—were sampled for moisture content and calorific value of the wood. This samplingwas done across four of the most prolific tree species grown in northwestern Ontario—white birch, trembling aspen,balsam fir, and black spruce. The average moisture content (dry weight basis) of the five fires ranged from 27.1% to 34.9%and the average calorific value from 19.0 MJ/kg to 21.1 MJ/kg. Significant differences in moisture content were foundbetween the species and the ages of fire. Hardwood species had significantly higher moisture content compared to softwoods.The results display that wildfire-burnt areas have the potential to supply good-quality fuel for bioenergy productionin northwestern Ontario. Key words: biomass, wildfire-burnt areas, bioenergy production, moisture content, calorific value, northern Ontario
What potential customers are telling us: Organizational buyer attitudes towards forest biomass
Authors: Nadeau John , Griese Kate 
Published: February 2014

This paper reports on a study of organizational buyer attitudes towards forest biomass energy for use in heating systems.This topic warrants discussion as global energy needs grow and the Canadian forestry sector experiences economic challenges.In particular, heating systems are an appropriate introductory application for solid forest biomass because it representsan efficient and sustainable fuel use. The attitudes of organizational buyers are assessed and compared against theperceived level of importance for attitudinal items and the views held toward fossil fuels. The results demonstrate that forestbiomass is viewed favourably on environmental aspects and on some other attitudinal items of high importance. Managerialsuggestions are forwarded to guide the burgeoning sector in its attempt to build awareness and strengthen its perceivedimage among organizational buyers. Key words: biomass, biomass fuel, attitudes of organizational buyers, biomass as an alternative heat and energy source
Effects of height-growth selection on wood density in black spruce in New Brunswick, Canada
Authors: Weng Y H , Tosh K J , Fullarton M S 
Published: February 2014

Height growth was the main selection criterion for the early-stage black spruce (Picea mariana [Mill.] BSP) breeding programmein New Brunswick, which has produced significant increases in volume growth. In this study we investigate howthe height-growth selection influences growth traits and wood density. Two genetic tests, a realized gain test of large plotsand a progeny test of small plots, were used for this purpose. Wood density was measured using the Resistograph methodon the standing trees. Growth and wood density of the improved seedlots were compared with those of an unimprovedstand checklot. In the progeny test, height-growth selection not only made the improved seedlots taller but also produceda proportional increase in DBH growth relative to the checklot. In the realized gain test, height-growth selection didincrease height, but did not produce a corresponding increase in DBH growth. Effects of height-growth selection on wooddensity varied with tests: the improved seedlot produced a greater although statistically non-significant decline in wooddensity in the progeny test; this reduction was at a much lesser extent or even non-existent in the realized gain test. Overall,results suggest that the improved growth from early stage improvement activities might not substantially and negativelyaffect wood density in plantation forestry and the predicted reduction in wood density in genetic tests of small plotsmight be inflated. Key words: Resistograph, realized gain test, progeny test, tree improvement