bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate-smart agriculture reduces capital-based livelihoods vulnerability: evidence from Latin America
Authors: Martinez-Baron Deissy , Alarcón de Antón Marina , Martinez Salgado Jesús David , Castellanos Andrea Estefanía 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionClimate change poses a significant threat to rural livelihoods in low- and middle-income countries. Enhancing the sustainability of these livelihoods is crucial for ensuring food security and nutrition at both global and regional levels. This study investigates the role of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) practices in improving rural livelihoods in Latin America, specifically through the Climate Smart Village (CSV) approach.MethodsOur analysis involved a dataset of 267 households, comprising both adopters and non-adopters of CSA practices in CSVs across Guatemala, Honduras, and Colombia. We employed multiple correspondence analysis (MCA), Gower’s metric, agglomerative clustering, partitioning around medoids (PAM), and cluster validation. Our aim was to understand how CSA practices, which include the use of agroclimatic information, soil and water management practices, and risk diversification strategies, contribute to enhancing livelihoods. We examined this in the context of the five capitals (social, natural, physical, financial, and human) of the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework (SLF).ResultsOur findings indicate that CSA farmers exhibit lower capital-based vulnerability compared to non-CSA farmers. This is particularly evident in the areas of social capital, as well as human and natural capital for certain CSA adopters. However, the similar performance in financial and physical capital between CSA and non-CSA farmers suggests the need for additional strategies to reduce vulnerability in these areas. We examined this through the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework (SLF), which includes five capitals: social, natural, physical, financial and human.ConclusionThese findings offer a valuable framework for policy and decision-making processes, helping to identify which capitals and dimensions of livelihood vulnerability should be prioritized in different contexts to achieve climate resilience and sustainable development. The study advocates for continued research efforts, incorporating expanded indicators, such as gender indicators within social and human capital definitions, for a more comprehensive assessment of CSA’s impact. The application of SLF for analyzing CSA’s contribution to rural livelihoods represents a novel approach in Latin American studies.
Characterization and valorization of biogas digestate and derived organic fertilizer products from separation processes
Authors: Romio Cristiane , Ward Alastair James , Møller Henrik Bjarne 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionAnaerobic digestion of manure, together with other biowastes, produces biogas that can substitute fossil energy and thereby reduce CO2 emissions and post- digestion greenhouse gas emissions. The final digestate of the process is an organic fertilizer rich in plant nutrients and recalcitrant organic constituents. The digestate characteristics and quality depend on several parameters, such as input feedstocks and operational conditions of the biogas plants. In Denmark, the rapid expansion of the biogas sector in recent years has resulted in a great variety of feedstocks used in the plants. The first generation of biogas plants mainly treated manure, industrial wastes, and energy crops with short retention times, while the new generation of biogas plants are co-digesting manure with higher amounts of lignocellulosic feedstocks and operating with longer retention times. This study evaluated whether this shift in feedstock composition could impact the fertilizer quality and post-digestion greenhouse gases and ammonia emissions during storage and application of digestate.MethodsDigestate samples from 2015 to 2023 were collected and analyzed for composition and residual methane yields. The efficiencies of solid–liquid separation applied to several digestate samples from the new generation of biogas plants were investigated and the nutrients contents of the liquid and solid fractions of digestate were evaluated.Results and discussionThe most evident change caused by the feedstock transition was an average increase of 52% in the total solids content of digestate, which can negatively impact ammonia emissions during digestate application. In contrast, similar average residual methane yields on a fresh matter basis of approximately 5 L/kg indicated comparable risks of methane emissions during storage. The liquid fraction of industrially separated digestate presented, on average, nutrient concentrations similar to those of unseparated digestate, while the solid fraction presented similar K, lower total ammoniacal nitrogen, and higher organic N and P contents than unseparated digestate on a fresh matter basis. The average residual methane yield of the industrially separated solid fraction of digestate was 101 L/kg volatile solids, while the average calorific value was 21 MJ/kg volatile solids, indicating its potential for additional energy generation.
Case report: Management of pregnancy-associated immune thrombocytopenia in a French bulldog with dystocia
Authors: Feldman Rose , Bracker Kiko , Whelan Megan 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionThe objective of this case report is to describe diagnosis and management of life-threatening immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) secondary to pregnancy in a dog with concurrent dystocia.Case summaryA 1-year 11-month old female intact French bulldog was referred for management of severe thrombocytopenia and spontaneous hemorrhage during whelping. The thrombocytopenia was progressive from approximately 32 days of gestation. In the absence of an identifiable cause for the thrombocytopenia, the patient was treated for ITP with immunosuppressive therapies and blood and plasma transfusions. The patient was also supported through dystocia until the platelet count normalized so a Caesarean section and ovariohysterectomy (OVH) could be performed.DiscussionThis is the first report documenting ITP in a whelping canine. Pregnancy is a known trigger and can affect the clinical course of autoimmune diseases in women, including ITP. It is suspected that this patient’s pregnancy triggered ITP, paralleling what occurs in women.
Time Course of High-Energy Phosphate Depletion During Cold Storage of Human Heart Grafts Using the Celsior Solution
Authors: Kober Frank , Caus Thierry , Riberi Alberto , Le Fur Yann , Bernard Monique 
Published: July 2024

The aim of this study was to provide insight into high-energy phosphate compound concentration dynamics under realistic clinical cold-storage conditions using the Celsior solution in seven heart grafts discarded from transplantation. The hearts of seven local donors (three males, four females, age 37 ± 17 years, height 175 ± 5 cm, weight 75 ± 9 kg) initially considered for transplantation and eventually discarded were submitted to a Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy observation in a clinical Magnetic Resonance Imaging scanner over at least 9 h. The grafts remained in their sterile container at 4°C during the entire examination. Hence, Phosphocreatine (PCr), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), inorganic phosphate (Pi) and intracellular pH were recorded non-destructively at a 30-minute interval. With the ischemic time Ti, the concentration ratios decreased at PCr/ATP = 1.68−0.0028·Tis, Pi/ATP = 1.38 + 0.0029·Tis, and intracellular pH at 7.43–0.0012·Tis. ATP concentration remained stable for at least 9 h and did not decrease as long as phosphocreatine was detectable. Acidosis remained moderate. In addition to the standard parameters assessed at the time of retrieval, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy can provide an assesment of the metabolic status of heart grafts before transplantation. These results show how HEPC metabolites deplete during cold storage. Although many parameters determine graft quality during cold storage, the dynamics of HEPC and intracellular pH may be helpful in the development of strategies aiming at extending the ischemic time.
Towards a Wearable Feminine Hygiene Platform for Detection of Invasive Fungal Pathogens via Gold Nanoparticle Aggregation
Authors: Clack Kimberley , Sallam Mohamed , Matheson Carney , Muyldermans Serge , Nguyen Nam-Trung 
Published: July 2024

Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungus that becomes pathogenic and problematic under certain biological conditions. C. albicans may cause painful and uncomfortable symptoms, as well as deaths in immunocompromised patients. Therefore, early detection of C. albicans is essential. However, conventional detection methods are costly, slow, and inaccessible to women in remote or developing areas. To address these concerns, we have developed a wearable and discrete naked-eye detectable colorimetric platform for C. albicans detection. With some modification, this platform is designed to be directly adhered to existing feminine hygiene pads. Our platform is rapid, inexpensive, user-friendly, and disposable and only requires three steps: (i) the addition of vaginal fluid onto sample pads; (ii) the addition of gold nanoparticle gel and running buffer, and (iii) naked eye detection. Our platform is underpinned by selective thiolated aptamer-based recognition of 1,3-β-D glucan molecules—a hallmark of C. albicans cell walls. In the absence of C. albicans, wearable sample pads turn bright pink. In the presence of C. albicans, the wearable pads turn dark blue due to significant nanoparticle target-induced aggregation. We demonstrate naked-eye colorimetric detection of 4.4 × 106 C. albicans cells per ml and nanoparticle stability over a pH range of 3.0–8.0. We believe that this proof-of-concept platform has the potential to have a significant impact on women’s health globally.
Lentisk (Pistacia lentiscus) Oil Nanoemulsions Loaded with Levofloxacin: Phytochemical Profiles and Antibiofilm Activity against Staphylococcus spp.
Authors: Maurizi Linda , Lasalvia Alba , Fabiano Maria Gioia , D’Intino Eleonora , Del Cioppo Francesca , Fraschetti Caterina , Filippi Antonello , Ammendolia Maria Grazia , Conte Antonietta Lucia , Forte Jacopo , Corinti Davide , Crestoni Maria Elisa , Carafa Maria , Marianecci Carlotta , Rinaldi Federica , Longhi Catia 
Published: July 2024

Most clinical isolates of both Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis show the capacity to adhere to abiotic surfaces and to develop biofilms resulting in a contribution to chronic human skin infections. Antibiotic resistance and poor biofilm penetration are the main causes of ineffective therapeutic treatment in killing bacteria within biofilms. A possible strategy could be represented by drug delivery systems, such as nanoemulsions (composed of bioactive oil, surfactant and water phase), which are useful for enhancing the drug permeation of a loaded drug inside the biofilm and its activity. Phytochemical characterization of Pistacia lentiscus oil (LO) by direct infusion Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) allowed the identification of bioactive compounds with antimicrobial properties, including fatty acids and phenolic compounds. Several monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes have been also detected and confirmed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometric (GC-MS) analysis, together providing a complete metabolomic profiling of LO. In the present study, a nanoemulsion composed of LO has been employed for improving Levofloxacin water solubility. A deep physical–chemical characterization of the nanoemulsion including hydrodynamic diameter, ζ-potential, morphology, entrapment efficiency, stability release and permeation studies was performed. Additionally, the antimicrobial/antibiofilm activity of these preparations was evaluated against reference and clinical Staphylococcus spp. strains. In comparison to the free-form antibiotic, the loaded NE nanocarriers exhibited enhanced antimicrobial activity against the sessile forms of Staphylococcus spp. strains.
Primary Hyperparathyroidism: Screening Methodology and Clinical Laboratory Testing Tactics in Risk Group Patients
Authors: Бруцкая-Стемпковская Е.В. , Шепелькевич А.П. 
Published: July 2024

В последние годы частота встречаемости (ЧВ) первичного гиперпаратиреоза (ПГПТ) во многих странах значительно увеличилась за счет внедрения скрининга гиперкальциемии. В Республике Беларусь ЧВ гиперкальциемии составила 2,6 на 100 человек, что свидетельствует о недостаточной экономической целесообразности внедрения популяционного скрининга гиперкальциемии. По результатам проведенного сплошного исследования кальциемии выявлено достоверное увеличение ЧВ гиперкальциемии в группе женщин в менопаузе в возрасте 51–70 лет (5,3 случая на 100 человек, р=0,002) и в группе пациентов с наличием ПГПТ-ассоциированных заболеваний (ЖКБ, МКБ, язвенная болезнь желудка и/или 12-перстной кишки, переломы в анамнезе, компоненты синдромов МЭН – 6,5 случая на 100 человек, р<0,001). Полученные данные позволили определить группы риска гиперкальциемии и ПГПТ, обосновать необходимость внедрения скрининга в этих группах пациентов. В статье описан обновленный пошаговый алгоритм лабораторной диагностики и дифференциальной диагностики ПГПТ.
Recently, the prevalence of hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) in many countries has increased due to hypercalcemia screening. The prevalence of hypercalcemia in Belarus is 2.6% and indicates insufficient economic feasibility of introducing the population hypercalcemia screening. According to our results, the hypercalcemia prevalence is significantly increased in menopausal women aged 51–70 years (5.3%, р=0.002) and in patients with PHPT- associated diseases (cholelithiasis, nephrolithiasis, stomach peptic ulcer, duodenal ulcer, fractures history, and MEN syndromes components (6.5%), р<0.001). The data obtained allowed to determine the risk groups for hypercalcemia and PHPT and to substantiate the necessity of implementing hypercalcemia screening in these groups of patients. An updated step-by-step algorithm for PHPT laboratory diagnosis and differential diagnosis is presented.
ENGINEERING METHODS OF OPERATIONAL FORECASTING OF THE DEGREE OF DESTRUCTION OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS AND THE DEGREE OF DAMAGE TO THE RESIDENTIAL AREA WHEN EXPOSED TO CONVENTIONAL MEANS OF DESTRUCTION
Authors: Седнев В.А. , Кошевая Е.И. 
Published: July 2024

Предложены научно-методические подходы оперативного прогнозирования степеней разрушения жилых зданий и степени поражения жилой зоны при воздействии обычных средств поражения, позволяющие повысить точность расчетов на 40-50 % для жилых зданий, сократить время на расчеты в 10-15 раз, повысить точность прогнозирования объемов аварийно-восстановительных работ применительно к жилым зданиям и зонам городов и объектов экономики.
The scientific and methodological approaches of operational forecasting of the degrees of destruction of residential buildings and the degree of damage to the residential zone under the influence of conventional means of destruction are proposed, which allow to increase the accuracy of calculations by 40-50% for residential buildings, reduce the time for calculations by 10- 15 times, increase the accuracy of forecasting the volume of emergency recovery work in relation to residential buildings and zones of cities and objects economy.
INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF THE MANAGEMENT OF THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS IN SCIENTIFIC AND EDUCATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS IN THE SYSTEM OF THE EMERCOM OF RUSSIA
Authors: Великоклад Т.П. , Тимошенко З.В. 
Published: July 2024

Впервые рассмотрены вопросы, касающиеся повышения эффективности управления качеством образовательного процесса, включающим в себя одну из составляющих систему менеджмента качества образовательных услуг, с целью подготовки высококвалифицированных кадров в системе МЧС России.
The article for the first time discusses issues related to improving the efficiency of quality management of the educational process, which includes one of the components the quality management system of educational services, in order to train highly qualified personnel in the system of the Russian Emergencies Ministry.
EFFICIENCY MANAGEMENT MODEL TASKS FOR THE INSTALLATION OF ENGINEERING BARRIERS IN THE INTERESTS OF PHYSICAL PROTECTION OF HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES
Authors: Седнев В.А. , Копнышев С.Л. , Сергеенкова Н.А. , Седнев Ал.В. 
Published: July 2024

Подчеркнуто значение гидротехнических сооружений для экономики страны; выделены основные этапы оценки защищенности гидротехнического сооружения, позволяющие оценить эффективность и достаточность мероприятий по его физической защите, и установлено отсутствие научно-методического аппарата обоснования необходимого и достаточного уровня их защищенности. В результате сложилось противоречие между необходимостью обеспечения устойчивого функционирования гидротехнических сооружений и несовершенством или отсутствием научно-методического аппарата управления их системой физической защиты. При этом существенную роль вносит в обеспечение защищенности и устойчивости функционирования гидротехнических сооружений их инженерное оборудование. Поэтому рассмотрены также особенности моделирования инженерного оборудования на примере устройства инженерных заграждений в интересах физической защиты гидротехнического сооружения. Конечная цель исследования - обеспечение устойчивости функционирования гидротехнических сооружений на основе развития научно-методического аппарата управления их системой физической защиты.
In the article: the importance of hydraulic structures for the country's economy is emphasized; the main stages of assessing the security of a hydraulic structure are highlighted, which allow assessing the effectiveness and sufficiency of measures for its physical protection, and the absence of a scientific and methodological apparatus for substantiating the necessary and sufficient level of their security is established. As a result, there was a contradiction between the need to ensure the sustainable functioning of hydraulic structures and the imperfection or absence of a scientific and methodological apparatus for managing their physical protection system. At the same time, their engineering equipment plays a significant role in ensuring the security and stability of the functioning of hydraulic structures. Therefore, the features of modeling engineering equipment are also considered on the example of the device of engineering barriers in the interests of physical protection of a hydraulic structure. The ultimate goal of the study is to ensure the stability of the functioning of hydraulic structures based on the development of scientific and methodological apparatus for managing their physical protection system.
A PROBABILISTIC MODEL FOR ASSESSING THE RISK OF OPERATING A VESSEL IN A PIRATE-PRONE AREA OF THE WORLD OCEAN
Authors: Тимофеев В.К. , Бураковский П.Е. , Гуральник Б.С. 
Published: July 2024

Разработана математическая модель, позволяющая рассчитать вероятность нападения на судно в зависимости от характера перевозимого груза и географического положения его поставщиков и потребителей. Принимается, что нападения пиратов в каждом пиратоопасном районе образуют во времени стационарный пуассоновский поток. Показано влияние числа судов, одновременно находящихся в пиратоопасном районе, на вероятность нападения.
A mathematical model has been developed that makes it possible to calculate the probability of an attack on a ship depending on the nature of the cargo being transported and the geographical location of its suppliers and consumers. It is assumed that pirate attacks in each pirate-prone area form a stationary Poisson flow in time. The influence of the number of ships simultaneously located in a pirate-prone area on the probability of an attack is shown.
ACCOUNTING FOR BIOMASS LOSSES DUE TO ILLEGAL LOGGING BY ALLOMETRIC INDICATORS OF STUMPS
Authors: Тахмазов Т.М. 
Published: July 2024

Освещены вопросы предсказания потерь биомассы из-за незаконной вырубки лесов. Проанализированы возможности известного метода определения потерь биомассы на срубленных участках леса. Предложен качественный способ оценки потерь биомассы, где высота срубленного ствола задается модельным значением. Показано, что такой подход к решению задачи прогноза потерь биомассы на незаконно срубленных участках леса позволяет качественно сравнивать срубленные лесные участки по степени потери биомассы.
The article is devoted to the prediction of biomass losses due to illegal logging. The possibilities of a well-known method for determining biomass losses in felled forest areas are analyzed. A qualitative method for estimating biomass losses is proposed, where the height of the felled trunk is set by a model value. It is shown that such an approach to solving the problem of predicting biomass losses in illegally felled forest areas makes it possible to qualitatively compare felled forest areas by the degree of biomass loss.
DESTRUCTION OF PROMISING LIGHTNING PROTECTIONS: THEORY AND EXPERIMENT
Authors: Гущин И.А. 
Published: July 2024

Рассмотрена проблема безопасности полетов летательных аппаратов при воздействиях молнии. На основе рассмотрения углепластика как материала для изготовления конструкций летательного аппарата проанализированы электрофизические характеристика углепластика. Сделан вывод по значениям удельного сопротивления в продольном и поперечном направлении растекания тока. Отмечена сильная анизотропия углепластика, приводящая к значительным разрушениям при воздействии молнии. Предложены дальнейшие мероприятия по повышению молниестойкости композитов.
The problem of flight safety of aircraft under the effects of lightning is considered. Based on the analysis of lightning current spreading over structures made of conductive composite materials, the principles and criteria of lightning protection are developed and measures to improve the lightning resistance of composites are proposed.
PREVALÊNCIA DA VACINAÇÃO CONTRA A COVID-19 E SUA RELAÇÃO ENTRE DOSES E EFEITOS ADVERSOS
Authors: Sceurman Ana Julia , Horst dos Santos Carolina , Pozzobon Adriane 
Published: July 2024

A COVID-19 se tornou um problema de saúde mundial no ano de 2020. O presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar a ocorrência e a prevalência de eventos adversos após o recebimento de doses das vacinas contra a COVID-19. A amostra avaliada foi constituída por 161 participantes que responderam um questionário estruturado entre Janeiro e Abril de 2023. A média de idade total da amostra analisada foi entre 18 e 77 anos. A média do IMC foi de 24,89± (4,30) kg/m2 indicando eutrofia. Com relação a realização da vacina contra a COVID-19 a maioria (98,1%) realizou a vacina, sendo que 43,8% realizou três doses dos imunizantes. 55,6% relataram a ocorrência de algum evento adverso após o recebimento da vacina. Verifica-se que a vacina que apresentou mais potencial de promover efeitos adversos foi o imunizante C que utiliza vetor viral, correspondendo a 60,4% de efeitos adversos. Dentre os efeitos adversos mais relatados cita-se dor no local da aplicação, febre e cansaço. Diante do exposto pode-se inferir que na amostra avaliada a maioria dos efeitos apresentados pelos imunizantes contra a COVID-19 foram leves a moderados, seguindo um padrão semelhante a outros tipos de imunizantes de diferentes doenças.