bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prototype Test of an All-Electric Intelligent Completion System for Extreme Reservoir Contact (ERC) Wells
Authors: Bouldin Brett , Verma Chandresh , Bellaci Isidore , Black Michael , Dyer Steve , Algerøy John , Oliveira Thales , Pan Yulin 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
One of the core focus areas in Saudi Aramco's effort to increase hydrocarbon recovery is in the application of extreme reservoir contact (ERC) wells. These wells with upwards of 20km of reservoir contact are needed to ensure fluid off-take points are distributed throughout the reservoir efficiently. Accurate sensing and control are crucial to the efficient sweep of heterogeneous formations. This paper describes a recent multilateral (ML) well trial that validated a number of core technologies and methods required to make ERC a reality:
Well construction and deployment practices to allow electrical umbilicals to be reliably deployed in openhole laterals Deployment and testing of revolutionary low-power, infinitely positioned electric flow control valves (FCV) designed to be deployed in each compartment in an openhole segmented lateral completion Validation of the fully integrated onboard production monitoring system providing direct downhole measurements of pressures, temperatures, flow rates, and water cut for each controlled compartment Integration of the surface acquisition and monitoring system to the production supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system to provide real-time downhole production information, as well as valuable system health status data that can ensure operational integrity during the life cycle of the well.
A multilateral well close to the oil-water contact point was allocated to validate the functionality of two prototype systems installed and has now been providing valuable reservoir data for over a full year of production. The well trial successfully demonstrated the ability to install and retrieve an umbilical completion from a 10,000ft horizontal lateral. The ability to control downhole flow to within a few barrels per day measured at the reservoir face is proving revolutionary to the way the operator will approach future reservoir management. The sensing system will be capable of delivering continuous compartment productivity. The SCADA integration allows for a real-time management function where the compartment can be controlled to a target offtake rate directly, without resorting to the use of traditional well system models for estimating control settings. This paper highlights the objectives, installation, validation, and functional aspects of this new ERC well system, as well as identifying some of the immediate production impacts emerging from this level of visibility and control at the formation face.
Assimilation of Microseismic Data into Coupled Flow and Geomechanical Reservoir Models with Ensemble Kalman Filter
Authors: Tarrahi Mohammadali , Jafarpour Behnam , Ghassemi Ahmad 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Hydraulic stimulation of tight unconventional and geothermal reservoirs has been observed to trigger microearthquakes (MEQs). Triggering of MEQ events has been linked to pore pressure, temperature, and in-situ stress variations. The resulting clouds of micro-seismic events are believed to carry information about the underlying coupled flow, geomechanics, and thermal processes and, hence, rock hydraulic and mechanical properties. We develop a framework for integrating microseismic events as monitoring data to infer reservoir property distributions. To model the reservoir stimulation and induced microseismicity, we use a fully coupled thermo-poroelastic model with coupled heat transport, fluid flow, and rock deformation capabilities as forward model and apply the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) to assimilate MEQ measurements. Because discrete MEQ events are not amenable to continuous estimation methods, we first use a kernel density estimation (KDE) method to convert the observed cloud of MEQ events into a continuous seismicity density map. We then apply a variant of the EnKF to integrate the resulting continuous seismicity density map to estimate heterogeneous hydraulic and geomechanical rock property distributions such as permeability, Young's modulus, tensile strength and Cohesion. We demonstrate that assimilating the large correlated datasets of seismicity density map with the EnKF can result in substantial loss of ensemble spread. To mitigate this issue, we investigate three alternative EnKF implementations: 1) dampening the changes introduced during the update, 2) projecting the microseismic data onto a low-dimensional subspace that is defined by left singular vectors of the perturbed observations matrix, and 3) using coarse-scale continuous representation of the microseismic data. We use numerical experiments to evaluate the performance of these methods.
Joint Inversion of Production and Temperature Data for Identification of Permeability Distribution with Depth in Deep Reservoirs
Authors: Zhang Zhishuai , Jafarpour Behnam 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Characterization of permeblity variation with depth in compartmentalized deep aquifers, geothermal and hydrocarbon reservoirs is important for prediction of flow and transport in complex subsurface environments and directly affects the development of natural and energy resources. In deep formations, temperature gradient can be significant and temperature data can provide valuable information about fluid displacement and conductivity in the vertical extent of the formation. This paper examines the importance of temperature data in resolving permeability distribution with depth by integrating flow and temperature data jointly and individually. We show that incorporation of temperature data in model calibration of deep aquifers can increase the resolution of permeability distribution profile with depth. To illustrate the importance of temperature measurements, we adopt a coupled heat and fluid flow model as a forward model to predict the heat and fluid transport in an a deep reservoir and perform a series of numerical experiments for integration of flow data alone, temperature data alone, and flow and temperature data jointly. For model calibration, we use the Maximum A-Posteriori (MAP) estimation approach and for uncertainty quantification we apply the Randomized Maximum Likelihood (RML). We develop an adjoint model for the coupled fluid and heat flow system of equations to compute the required gradients for model calibration. Investigation of the sensitivity of temperature and production data to the distribution of permeability shows that while fluid flow rate data can primarily resolve the distribution of permeability in the lateral extent of the reservoir, the fluid temperature data, even when measured at the surface, show sensitivity to permeability variability with depth, allowing for a higher resolution profiling of the permeability map. The results elucidate the value of temperature data in enhancing the resolution of the estimated aquifer permeability maps with depth.
SEC Division of Corporation Finance Monitoring and CEO Power
Authors: Cheng Xiaoyan , Gao Lei , Lawrence Janice E. , Smith David B. 
Published: September 2013

SUMMARY
Section 408 requires the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to review the filings of all SEC registrants every three years. Our study investigates this SEC monitoring role and differs from past SEC research by focusing on the SEC Division of Corporation Finance (DCF) rather than the Division of Enforcement and specifically on DCF's “review and comment” monitoring role. We rely on past theoretical research in management, finance, and accounting that provides us with arguments suggesting the DCF may target companies with strong CEOs and weak monitoring. Our findings cast light on the power struggle between the board and CEO by suggesting that the CEO's influence over the board may adversely affect board oversight. In addition, our results indicate that the DCF-prompted restatements lead companies to re-evaluate their governance structure.
Use of siliceous algae as biological monitors of heavy metal pollution in three lakes in a mining city, southeast China
Authors: Chen Xu , Mao Xin , Cao Yanmin , Yang Xiangdong 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
In order to assess the ecological status of three lakes in a historical mining city (SE China), water metal concentrations and surface sedimentary diatoms and chrysophyte cysts were analyzed in 20 sampling sites. The significant correlations between the algal indices and the cumulative criterion unit (CCU) scores confirmed the importance of heavy metals in shaping algae communities. In the metal-polluted sites, diatom assemblages were dominated by metal-tolerant species, such as Nitzschia palea and Nitzschia perminuta. In the unpolluted samples, diatom assemblages were characterized by Cyclostephanos dubius, Discostella pseudostelligera and Aulacoseira species (mainly A. alpigena, A. granulata and A. ambigua). These dominant taxa in the unpolluted samples might be sensitive to metal contamination but tolerant of eutrophication. In addition, nonspherical cysts were much more abundant in the polluted sites, indicating that their presence should be indicative of metal contamination in this region. This study provides some clues for future metal pollution assessment through the use of siliceous algae in metal polluted lakes.
Anthropogenic changes in properties of the water and spatial structure of the vegetation of the lobelia lake Lake Modre in the Bytów Lakeland
Authors: Kraska Marek , Klimaszyk Piotr , Piotrowicz Ryszard 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Lake Modre is a lobelia lake. Numerous typical plant species occur here, including Lobelia dortmanna, Littorella uniflora, Isoetes lacustris, and Sphagnum denticulatum. They develop the following associations: Lobelietum dortmannae (Oswald 1923) Tx. ap. Dierss. 1972, Isoetetum lacustris Szańkowski et Kłosowski 1996 n.n., and a community with Sphagnum denticulatum Brid.
In 1991, the water of the lake was characterised by low concentrations of nutrients and calcium, acid reaction (pH<5), and Secchi depth visibility of 12 m. Following fry stocking in the lake in 1993 fish farming took place until approximately 1996. During this period the water quality in the lake changed radically in physiochemical terms. Water transparency decreased. Thermal and oxygen stratification developed, with oxygen deficits in the near-bottom layer. Concentrations of nutrient elements increased.
Drastic long-term changes were observed in the spatial and quantitative features of the lake vegetation. These particularly related to the instability of Lobelia dortmanna, and the diminishment of the phytocoenosis of Lobelietum dortmannae. Consequently, the phytocoenosis occurred only in the shallowest part of the phytolittoral. L. uniflora expanded, increasing its occurrence annually. Significant fluctuations in quantities of S. denticulatum occurred, correlated with changes in physiochemical water parameters, but shifted in time.
Pressure and comfort perception in the system “female body–dress”
Authors: Mengna Guo , Kuzmichev Victor E. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The three-dimensional (3D) Garment virtual technology is expected to help the designers to turn own trends and
ideas into the creative samples more quickly with 3D simulation and the visualization of the pressure values and
stress points where the fabric might be too tight against the body. The aim of this study is to present the wearer
perceptions of woven fabric in 22 anthropometrical points located on the women torso, which can then be helpful to
accurately predict the ease and tightness of a garment in 3D Garment virtual try-on system.
For establishing the common principles joining the eases value designed on pattern block and the pressure
perception in the system “body–dress”, we took the experiment with the women using Flexiforce Sensor® and
ELF® system concerning the woman dresses with sleeve-in as the basic garment category. The objective pressure
measured on seven levels of woman torso wearing the dresses designed by different ease distribution. All points
and levels of the pressure measuring reflected to the daily movements, and the results obtained were compared
with the corresponding subjective comfort perception from the wearer. The relationship between the ease values
designed on 2D pattern and the pressure perception from the wearer were analysed to supply the theoretical
reference for 3D virtual try-on system improvement.
Religion and Rationality: A Semeiotic Approach
Authors: Linde Gesche 
Published: October 2013

Abstract: The article argues that, contrary to New Atheism's claim, religion does not eo ipso violate standards of rationality, provided that rationality is understood in a non-positivist way. To illustrate, the first section analyzes examples of religious argument across world religions (Catholicism, Protestantism, Judaism, Islam), while the second section introduces basic key features of a minimum concept of rationality (person-relatedness, structure-relatedness, communicability, generality, differentiatedness) implied by the previous examples. The third section offers a semiotic frame theory broad enough to allow for different types of rationality and to this end uses Charles Peirce's analytical system of ten semiotic trichotomies, which presupposes that all living processes, especially human ones (including feeling and acting), can be analyzed along the line of “sign,” “object,” and “interpretant.” The fourth, fifth, and sixth sections argue that rationality is primarily ascribable to so-called normal interpretants, i.e., terms, judgments, and arguments, although rationality will take a different shape in each case. The last section draws six brief conclusions concerning the relationship between religion and rationality.
Circumcising “Revelation-Based” Thinking? On the Rationality of Inter-religious Dialogue in the Encounter between Jews and Christians
Authors: Fehige Yiftach 
Published: October 2013

Abstract: This paper provides a continuation of my analysis of the powers and perils of what I call dialogical rationality with respect to the encounter between Jews and Christians. Its primary aim is to define the relationship between dialogical and philosophical rationality with respect to the encounter between Judaism and Christianity. First I introduce the basic principles of dialogical rationality that I developed elsewhere. In a second step one of these principles is scrutinized in the form of a meta-philosophical discussion. At its centre lies the question of whether philosophy of religion should be detached from biblical faith (and thus from divine revelation) to be of use in any justifications of inter-religious dialogue between Jews and Christians. The main reference point of my discussion is recent work on the state of analytic philosophy of religion. I argue that there is no reason to be critical of philosophy's contributions to justifications of inter-religious dialogue between Jews and Christians.
Men are from Mars, women are from Venus: Exploring gender differences in personality in the South African context
Authors: Laher Sumaya , Croxford Sarah 
Published: October 2013

Orientation: Gender differences in personality have been explored in American and European contexts, but African and specifically South African research in the area is lacking.Research purpose: This study investigated whether there were gender differences in personality and what this might mean for a South African organisational context where personality assessments are frequently employed for decision-making.Motivation: Personality tests are widely used in many fields, including the industrial, organisational and research fields. Due to the impact that these tests have, it is essential that these tests are used in a fair and unbiased manner.Research design, approach and method: A cross-sectional, non-experimental design was used. A questionnaire consisting of demographic information and the NEO-PI-R was administered to a non-probability, convenience sample of 425 South African university students. The data was examined using ANOVAs and ANCOVAs.Main findings: Significant gender differences were found on Neuroticism, Anxiety, Vulnerability, Depression, Self-consciousness, Extraversion, Warmth, Activity, Assertiveness, Positive emotions, Aesthetics, Feelings, Ideas, Agreeableness, Compliance, Tender-mindedness, Altruism, Modesty, Straightforwardness, Trust, Conscientiousness, Order, Achievement striving and Self-discipline. Practical/managerial implications: The findings indicate differences between men and women are systematic and largely innate and therefore need to be acknowledged when personality tests are used in decision-making. Personality tests also need to be employed constructively to further team-building and diversity.Contribution/value-add: This study adds to the body of research in South Africa on gender as well as on how the NEO personality scales manifest in different race groups.
Likelihood of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage in patients with normal unenhanced CT, CSF xanthochromia on spectrophotometry and negative CT angiography
Authors: Rana AK , Turner HE , Deans KA 
Published: October 2013

Background: Patients with suspected subarachnoid haemorrhage, a normal noncontrast computed tomography (CT) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) evidence of haemoglobin breakdown products often undergo CT angiography (CTA). If this is normal, then invasive catheter angiography may be offered. In current clinical practice, haemoglobin breakdown products are detected by spectrophotometry rather than visible xanthochromia, and CTA is performed on multidetector scanners. The aim of this study was to determine if such patients should still have a catheter angiography, given the associated risks. Methods: Patients positive for CSF spectrophotometry (n=26) were retrospectively identified from the clinical biochemistry information system and imaging data from the electronic radiology records were reviewed. Discharge letters were consulted to relate the biochemistry and radiology results to the final diagnosis. Results: 15 patients with CT angiography were found. Nine patients had normal CT angiography. No causative aneurysms had been missed. One patient had small, coincidental aneurysms missed on initial reading of the CTA. Conclusion: The likelihood of a clinically significant aneurysm in a patient who is CT negative, lumbar puncture positive and CTA negative is low. Double reporting of negative CT angiograms may be advisable.
Urothelial Tumors of the Urinary Bladder in Young Patients: A Clinicopathologic Study of 59 Cases
Authors: Stanton Melissa L. , Xiao Li , Czerniak Bogdan A. , Guo Charles C. 
Published: September 2013

Context.—Urothelial tumors are rare in young patients. Because of their rarity, the natural history of the disease in young patients remains poorly understood.
Objective.—To understand the pathologic and clinical features of urothelial tumors of the urinary bladder in young patients.
Design.—We identified 59 young patients with urothelial tumors of the urinary bladder treated at our institution and analyzed the tumors' pathologic features and the patients' clinical outcomes.
Results.—All patients were 30 years or younger, with a mean age of 23.5 years (range, 4–30). Thirty-eight patients (64%) were male, and 21 (36%) were female. Most tumors were noninvasive, papillary urothelial tumors (49 of 59; 83%), including papillary urothelial neoplasms of low malignant potential (7 of 49; 14%), low-grade papillary urothelial carcinomas (38 of 49; 78%), and high-grade papillary urothelial carcinomas (4 of 49; 8%). Only a few (n = 10) of the urothelial tumors were invasive, invading the lamina propria (n = 5; 50%), muscularis propria (n = 4; 40%), or perivesical soft tissue (n = 1; 10%). Clinical follow-up information was available for 41 patients (69%), with a mean follow-up time of 77 months. Of 31 patients with noninvasive papillary urothelial tumors, only 1 patient (3%) later developed an invasive urothelial carcinoma and died of the disease, and 30 of these patients (97%) were alive at the end of follow-up, although 10 (32%) had local tumor recurrences. In the 10 patients with invasive urothelial carcinomas, 3 patients (30%) died of the disease and 5 others (50%) were alive with metastases (the other 2 [20%] were alive with no recurrence).
Conclusion.—Urothelial tumors in young patients are mostly noninvasive, papillary carcinomas and have an excellent prognosis; however, a small subset of patients may present with high-grade invasive urothelial carcinomas that result in poor clinical outcomes.
The Relative Role of Safety and Productivity in Canadian Ergonomists’ Professional Practices
Authors: Theberge Nancy , Neumann W. Patrick 
Published: October 2013

Definitions of ergonomics reference its application to both productivity and well-being. Discussions in the ergonomics literature consider the correspondence between these goals in ergonomic practice and make the case for a robust conception that advances the twin agendas of safety and productivity, contrary to the dominant understanding that ergonomics is primarily concerned with safety.
This article examines the professional practices as reported from a sample of 21 ergonomists from across Canada with a combined experience of 296 years. The analysis aims to understand the reported intersection of safety and productivity in the ergonomists’ work and the broader conditions that structure this negotiation.
Results provide strong support for the view that ergonomics is primarily associated with safety. This is evident in the structural location of ergonomics within health and safety units of workplaces and in ergonomists’ reports that the main focus of their work is safety concerns. A minority of study participants indicated that they addressed productivity concerns in their work, either as secondary or primary outcomes of ergonomic applications. In either instance, efforts to highlight the contribution of ergonomics to production did not significantly disrupt the dominant safety-oriented perception of the field. Financial considerations were major determinants of whether recommendations were accepted and implemented.
The argument for the more robust vision of ergonomics advanced within the profession reflects an effort to overcome the organizational divide between safety and productivity by stressing that, in effective ergonomics applications, safety and productivity are joined in the production process and ergonomists have a main role to play in advancing both agendas. The analysis provided here has identified significant challenges to the adoption of this position. An irony of the dominant understanding of ergonomics as oriented to safety is that this provides the main basis for its growing presence in workplaces but also limits its applications.