bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Community health nurses' HIV health promotion and education programmes: a qualitative study
Authors: Abe M. , Turale S. , Klunklin A. , Supamanee T. 
Published: November 2014

BackgroundGlobally, nurses practice in many settings with people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), taking an increasing share of the professional burden of care and helping to reduce morbidity and mortality. International literature is sparse about Thai community nurses providing primary healthcare programmes for people with HIV.AimThis study aimed to describe background, experiences and strategies of community nurses regarding their design and delivery of programmes for people living with HIV and AIDS in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand.DesignThis study used a qualitative mixed‐methods study employing a qualitative survey and in‐depth interviews.MethodsTwenty community health nurses from 18 small community hospitals completed a survey comprising demographic data and 13 open‐ended questions. Four of them later engaged in in‐depth interviews using the same questions. Survey, interview data and field notes were analysed using interpretive content analysis.FindingsFour themes and six sub‐themes portrayed participants' rich experiences and knowledge of HIV health promotion and education; challenges of daily work, discrimination and ethical issues; success through programme diversity comprising promotion of community volunteerism, networking and relationships; and holistic connections with Thai cultural traditions and Buddhism.Conclusions and implications for practiceFindings help to recognize the diversity, uniqueness and contributions of Thai community nurses regarding culturally appropriate health promotion and education programmes for people living with HIV and AIDS. Findings inform nurses and health officials in and outside of the country to complement innovation in future HIV health promotion and education programmes.LimitationsOur sample came from one province of Thailand. Findings might not be reflective of nurses elsewhere.Implications for health and nursing policyThree decades of collective experience in providing holistic and multifaceted HIV and AIDS nursing care, education and health promotion by community health nurses have the potential to effect new and existing policies and protocols on HIV community care in Thailand, but more research is required for this.
Ultra‐low Sintering Temperature Microwave Dielectric Ceramics Based on Na2O‐MoO3 Binary System
Authors: Zhang Gao‐qun , Wang Hong , Guo Jing , He Li , Wei Dan‐dan , Yuan Qi‐bin 
Published: November 2014

The compounds in Na2O‐MoO3 system were prepared by the solid‐state reaction route. The phase composition, crystal structures, microstructures, and microwave dielectric properties of the compounds have been investigated. This series of compounds can be sintered well at ultra‐low temperatures of 505°C–660°C. The sintered samples exhibit good microwave dielectric properties, with the relative permittivities (εr) of 4.1–12.9, the Q × f values of 19900–62400 GHz, and the τf values of −115 ppm/°C to −57 ppm/°C. Among the eight compounds in this binary system, three kinds of single‐phase ceramics, namely Na2MoO4, Na2Mo2O7 and Na6Mo11O36 were formed. Furthermore, the relationship between the structure and the microwave dielectric properties in this system has been discussed. The average NaI‐O and MoVI‐O bond valences have an influence on the sintering temperatures in Na2O‐MoO3 system. The large valence deviations of Na and Mo lead to a large temperature coefficient of resonant frequency. The X‐ray diffraction and backscattered electron image results show that Na2MoO4 doesn't react with Ag and Al at 660°C. Also, Na2Mo2O7 has a chemical compatibility with Al at 575°C.
Historical biogeography of the widespread spider wasp tribe Aporini (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae)
Authors: Rodriguez Juanita , Pitts James P. , von Dohlen Carol D. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAimOur aim was to determine the age and area of origin of the genera of the Aporini tribe of spider wasps by studying its historical biogeography. We also tested the fit of several hypotheses concerning the processes underlying the widespread distribution of this group.LocationThe Holarctic and Neotropics.MethodsA phylogeny of 44 Aporini taxa was produced through Bayesian inference using four nuclear molecular markers (elongation factor‐1 α F2 copy, long‐wavelength rhodopsin, wingless and the D2–D3 regions of the 28S ribosomal RNA). A lognormal relaxed molecular clock, calibrated with ages from three fossils, was used to estimate lineage divergence times. Biogeographical processes were studied using three methods: statistical dispersal–vicariance analysis (S‐DIVA), dispersal–extinction cladogenesis (DEC) analysis and Bayesian binary Markov chain Monte Carlo (BBM) analysis.ResultsOur data suggest an origin for the most recent common ancestor of extant Aporini in the Nearctic region in the early Miocene, 22.6 Ma, with a confidence interval (CI) of 17.40–28.83 Ma. All genera originated in the Miocene, four in the Nearctic region. A constrained DEC analysis, where only dispersal to adjacent regions was allowed, produced the highest likelihood and was mostly congruent with the BBM results.Main conclusionsDispersal from the Nearctic region to the Palaearctic region probably occurred across the Bering land bridge in the early Miocene, 15–18 Ma (CI = 11.14, 23.52), while three dispersal events to South America from Mesoamerica took place independently. These dispersals to South America occurred after 18 Ma through the Isthmus of Panama or across the Panama seaway. Three independent over‐water dispersal events to the Antilles occurred from Mesoamerica and the Nearctic for two Aporini genera. The patterns inferred within the biogeographical history of Aporini agree with several scenarios proposed for other unrelated taxa.
Neural reactivity to monetary rewards and losses differentiates social from generalized anxiety in children
Authors: Kessel Ellen M. , Kujawa Autumn , Hajcak Proudfit Greg , Klein Daniel N. 
Published: November 2014

BackgroundThe relationship between reward sensitivity and pediatric anxiety is poorly understood. Evidence suggests that alterations in reward processing are more characteristic of depressive than anxiety disorders. However, some studies have reported that anxiety disorders are also associated with perturbations in reward processing. Heterogeneity in the forms of anxiety studied may account for the differences between studies. We used the feedback‐negativity, an event‐related potential sensitive to monetary gains versus losses (ΔFN), to examine whether different forms of youth anxiety symptoms were uniquely associated with reward sensitivity as indexed by neural reactivity to the receipt of positive and negative monetary outcomes.MethodParticipants were 390, eight‐ to ten‐year‐old children (175 females) from a large community sample. The ΔFN was measured during a monetary reward task. Self‐reports of child anxiety and depression symptoms and temperamental positive emotionality (PE) were obtained.ResultsMultiple regression analysis revealed that social anxiety and generalized anxiety symptoms were unique predictors of reward sensitivity after accounting for concurrent depressive symptoms and PE. While social anxiety was associated with a greater ΔFN, generalized anxiety was associated with a reduced ΔFN.ConclusionsDifferent symptom dimensions of child anxiety are differentially related to alterations in reward sensitivity. This may, in part, explain inconsistent findings in the literature regarding reward processing in anxiety.
Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) Impact on Actinidia kolomikta Drying Efficiency
Authors: Lamanauskas Nerijus , Šatkauskas Saulius , Bobinaitė Ramunė , Viškelis Pranas 
Published: November 2014

AbstractActinidia kolomikta (Maxim. and Rupr.) Maxim fruits are very beneficial for the health, but their wide use is limited by short shelf life. One way of fruit preservation is drying, but Actinidia fruits have quite firm skin, which results in a long drying time. Pulsed electric field (PEF) is a promising nonthermal food stuff processing method, based on a very short time (μs to ms range), but high‐voltage (1–10 kV/cm) treatment, allowing increased mass transfer from plant tissues. In this study PEF‐pretreated A. kolomikta fruits were dried in a fluid bed hot air dryer. The weight difference after PEF pretreatment of the fruits was 13%, after 3 h of drying, with a 5‐kV/cm strong electric field strength, pulse width of 20 μs, pulse repetition rate of 20 Hz and a total treatment time of 120 s. PEF pretreatment did not influence the color parameters or ascorbic acid content of A. kolomikta fruits.Practical ApplicationsActinidia kolomikta (Maxim. and Rupr.) Maxim show high frost resistance (up to −30C during the dormant period), and exhibit short growth and maturation time; therefore, they could be cultivated in colder climate countries. A. kolomikta fruits are healthy and valuable, but their wide use is limited by its short shelf life. One way of fruit preservation is drying, but Actinidia fruits have quite firm skin, which results in a long drying time. In this study, we presented pulsed electric field (PEF) pretreatment in order to increase the drying efficiency of A. kolomikta fruits. Using PEF pretreatment, the same dryness could be reached almost two times faster. This allowed for the saving of time and energy, while fruit quality parameters (color parameters and ascorbic acid content) remained unchanged. Thus, PEF pretreatment prior to drying is a promising technology for increased quality of A. kolomikta fruit preservation.
Is Cognitive Function a Concern in Independent Elderly Adults Discharged Home from the Emergency Department in Canada After a Minor Injury?
Authors: Ouellet Marie‐Christine , Sirois Marie‐Josée , Beaulieu‐Bonneau Simon , Morin Jacques , Perry Jeffrey , Daoust Raoul , Wilding Laura , Provencher Véronique , Camden Stéphanie , Allain‐Boulé Nadine , Émond Marcel 
Published: November 2014

ObjectivesTo describe the cognitive functioning of independent community‐dwelling elderly adults visiting the emergency department (ED) for minor injuries and at 3‐ and 6‐month follow‐up assessments and to document the occurrence of falls, return to the ED, and hospital visits over time according to cognitive level.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingThree Canadian EDs.ParticipantsIndividuals aged 65 and older who were independent in basic activities of daily living, visiting the ED for minor injuries, and discharged home within 48 hours (N = 320).MeasurementsParticipants completed the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). New falls involving pain and ED or hospital visits were documented at 3 and 6 months.ResultsAt baseline, 62.4% of participants scored below the recommended cutoff of 26 on the MoCA, suggesting cognitive dysfunction, and 22.9% scored below a more‐stringent cutoff of 21. MoCA scores had improved significantly at 3 and 6 months. Items showing the most improvement were delayed recall and verbal fluency. Persons with MoCA scores of less than 21 reported significantly more new falls and hospital visits 3 to 6 months after injury.ConclusionCognition is not optimal in many community‐dwelling elderly adults visiting an ED for a minor injury, which may affect their capacity to comprehend, recall, and adhere to medical recommendations after their injury and put them at risk of further negative health events such as falls.
Objective Measures of Activity Level and Mortality in Older Men
Authors: Ensrud Kristine E. , Blackwell Terri L. , Cauley Jane A. , Dam Thuy‐Tien L. , Cawthon Peggy M. , Schousboe John T. , Barrett‐Connor Elizabeth , Stone Katie L. , Bauer Douglas C. , Shikany James M. , Mackey Dawn C. ,   the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study Group
Published: November 2014

ObjectivesTo examine associations between objective measures of activity level and mortality risk in older men.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingSix U.S. sites.ParticipantsMen aged 71 and older followed an average of 4.5 years (N = 2,918).MeasurementsTime awake spent in sedentary behavior (metabolic equivalent (MET) level ≤1.50), light activity (MET level 1.51–2.99), and at least moderate activity (MET level ≥3.00) measured using an activity monitor worn for 5 days or longer and expressed as quartiles. Deaths were confirmed with death certificates; cause of death was adjudicated by review of certificates and records.ResultsDuring follow‐up, 409 (14%) men died. After multivariable adjustment, comparing Q4 with Q1, more time spent in sedentary behavior (Q4 vs Q1, hazard ratio (HR) = 1.51, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.10–2.08), less time spent in light activity (Q1 vs Q4, HR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.06–2.24), and less time spent in at least moderate activity (Q1 vs Q4, HR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.09–2.25) were similarly associated with greater mortality risk primarily due to higher risks of cardiovascular and noncardiovascular, noncancer death. The association between time spent in sedentary behavior and mortality varied according to time spent at higher activity level. More time spent in sedentary behavior was associated with greater risk of death in men spending 1.2 (median) h/d or more in at least moderate activity (Q4 vs Q1, HR = 2.09, 95% CI = 1.26–3.49) but not in those spending less time (Q4 vs Q1, HR = 1.02, 95% CI = 0.62–1.66) (P = .005 for interaction).ConclusionIn older men exceeding current guidelines on physical activity, more time spent in sedentary behavior is associated with greater mortality risk.
Associations Between Serum Biomarkers and Pain and Pain‐Related Function in Older Adults with Low Back Pain: A Pilot Study
Authors: Sowa Gwendolyn A. , Perera Subashan , Bechara Bernard , Agarwal Vikas , Boardman John , Huang Wan , Camacho‐Soto Alejandra , Vo Nam , Kang James , Weiner Debra 
Published: November 2014

ObjectivesTo examine the relationship between serum biomarkers and self‐reported pain intensity and pain‐related function, in addition to the contribution of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of lumbar spine degenerative changes, in older adults with chronic low back pain.DesignSingle‐center cross‐sectional cohort study.SettingAcademic medical center.ParticipantsIndividuals aged 60 and older with axial low back pain without radiculopathy or previously diagnosed osteoarthritis of the knee or hip or pain outside the low back that is more severe than the back pain (n = 43).MeasurementsTo examine pain‐related impairment, pain was measured on a pain thermometer and the McGill Pain Questionnaire Short Form was administered. To examine pain‐related function or activity limitation, the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire, Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), and repetitive trunk rotation were used. Single plasma samples were obtained before and after physical performance tests and analyzed for inflammatory markers (E‐selectin and regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES)), inhibitors of catabolic enzymes (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases‐1 (TIMP‐1)), markers of matrix turnover (C‐ telopeptide of type II collagen (CTX‐II) and aggrecan chondroitin sulfate 846 (CS846)), and stress biomarkers (neuropeptide Y (NPY)). Conventional nongadolinium lumbar MRI was performed and analyzed quantitatively and clinically.ResultsComposite MRI measurements did not show significant correlation with pain or pain‐related function. Basal levels and changes in serum biomarkers in response to activity, particularly NPY and RANTES, demonstrated associations with pain and pain‐related function in addition to the explanatory power of MRI‐based results.ConclusionSerum biomarkers may be a metric for assessment of active disease in older adults, in whom imaging changes are ubiquitous. In addition, changing levels of biomarkers in response to activity suggests that they may be useful as metrics to measure treatment responses in future studies and may reflect potential targets for use in designing personalized treatment for older adults with low back pain.
Functional Disability in Late‐Middle‐Aged and Older Adults Admitted to a Safety‐Net Hospital
Authors: Brown Rebecca T. , Pierluissi Edgar , Guzman David , Kessell Eric R. , Elizabeth Goldman L. , Sarkar Urmimala , Schneidermann Michelle , Critchfield Jeffrey M. , Kushel Margot B. 
Published: November 2014

ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence of preadmission functional disability in late‐middle‐aged and older safety‐net inpatients and to identify characteristics associated with functional disability by age.DesignCross‐sectional analysis.SettingSafety‐net hospital in San Francisco, California.ParticipantsEnglish‐, Spanish‐, and Chinese‐speaking community‐dwelling individuals aged 55 and older admitted to a safety‐net hospital with anticipated return to the community (N = 699).MeasurementsAt hospital admission, participants reported their need for help performing five activities of daily living (ADLs) and seven instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) 2 weeks before admission. ADL disability was defined as needing help performing one or more ADLs and IADL disability as needing help performing two or more IADLs. Participant characteristics were assessed, including sociodemographic characteristics, health status, health‐related behaviors, and health‐seeking behaviors.ResultsOverall, 28.3% of participants reported that they had an ADL disability 2 weeks before admission, and 40.4% reported an IADL disability. The prevalence of preadmission ADL disability was 28.9% of those aged 55 to 59, 20.7% of those aged 60 to 69, and 41.2% of those aged 70 and older (P < .001). The prevalence of IADL disability had a similar distribution. The characteristics associated with functional disability differed according to age; in participants aged 55 to 59, African Americans had a higher odds of ADL and IADL disability, whereas in participants aged 60 to 69 and aged 70 and older, inadequate health literacy was associated with functional disability.ConclusionPreadmission functional disability is common in individuals aged 55 and older admitted to a safety‐net hospital. Late‐middle‐aged individuals admitted to safety‐net hospitals may benefit from models of acute care currently used for older adults that prevent adverse outcomes associated with functional disability.
The Luteinising Hormone Surge‐Generating System is Functional in Male Goats as in Females: Involvement of Kisspeptin Neurones in the Medial Preoptic Area
Authors: Matsuda F. , Nakatsukasa K. , Suetomi Y. , Naniwa Y. , Ito D. , Inoue N. , Wakabayashi Y. , Okamura H. , Maeda K.‐I. , Uenoyama Y. , Tsukamura H. , Ohkura S. 
Published: November 2014

A luteinising hormone (LH) surge is fundamental to the induction of ovulation in mammalian females. The administration of a preovulatory level of oestrogen evokes an LH surge in ovariectomised females, whereas the response to oestrogen in castrated males differs among species; namely, the LH surge‐generating system is sexually differentiated in some species (e.g. rodents and sheep) but not in others (e.g. primates). In the present study, we aimed to determine whether there is a functional LH surge‐generating system in male goats, and whether hypothalamic kisspeptin neurones in male goats are involved in the regulation of surge‐like LH secretion. By i.v. infusion of oestradiol (E2; 6 μg/h) for 16 h, a surge‐like LH increase occurred in both castrated male and ovariectomised female goats, although the mean peak LH concentration was lower and the mean peak of the LH surge was later in males compared to females. Dual staining with KISS1 in situ hybridisation and c‐Fos immunohistochemistry revealed that E2 treatment significantly increased c‐Fos expression in the medial preoptic area (mPOA) KISS1 cells in castrated males, as well as ovariectomised females. By contrast, dual‐labelled cells were scarcely detected in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) after E2 treatment in both sexes. These data suggest that kisspeptin neurones in the mPOA, but not those in the ARC, are involved in the induction of surge‐like LH secretion in both male and female goats. In summary, our data show that the mechanism that initiates the LH surge in response to oestrogen, the mPOA kisspeptin neurones, is functional in male goats. Thus, sexual differentiation of the LH surge‐generating system would not be applicable to goats.
Incidence and outcomes of women with non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma in pregnancy: A population‐based study on 7.9 million births
Authors: El‐Messidi Amira , Patenaude Valerie , Abenhaim Haim Arie 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAimNon‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) is a rare malignancy that can affect women of all ages. The purpose of our study was to estimate the incidence, maternal and fetal outcomes of pregnancy‐associated non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (PANHL).Material and MethodsWe conducted a population‐based cohort study on all births identified in the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project – Nationwide Inpatient Sample from 2003 to 2011. Disease incidence was calculated and logistic regression was used to estimate the adjusted effect of NHL on maternal and fetal outcomes.ResultsOf 7 917 453 births, there were 427 cases of PANHL for an overall incidence of 5.39 per 100 000 births, increasing from 4.44 per 100 000 births to 7.17 per 100 000 births over the 9‐year period. Relative to controls, PANHL was more common among Caucasians and women aged 25–34 years. Non‐specified PANHL was most commonly coded in >81% of cases, with mycosis fungoides and Burkitt's lymphoma being the other two most common. After adjusting for baseline characteristics, women with PANHL were more likely to have pre‐eclampsia, odds ratio (OR) 1.57 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06–2.32), cesarean section, OR 1.37 (95%CI 1.13–1.67), preterm births OR 2.50 (95%CI 1.94–3.22), postpartum blood transfusions, OR 2.73 (2.10–3.55), and infectious morbidity, OR 2.81 (95%CI 1.16–6.79). Maternal and fetal mortality rates were significantly increased among women with PANHL.ConclusionThe incidence of PANHL is increasing and is associated with an increased risk of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality, and as such, women with PANHL may best be managed in specialized centers.