bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Basin Modeling Study of Deepwater Block R (DWR) Offshore Sabah and Its Correlation with Surface Geochemical Analyses
Authors: Jong John , Awang Bakar Dayang Aimi Nuraini , Khamis Mohd Asraf 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Significant oil and gas discoveries found at the southern production hub of offshore deepwater Sabah proved the existence of a working petroleum system in the area. DWR, which is located on trend with the Gumusut/Kakap and Limbayong oil and gas discoveries, remains under-explored with a number of attractive prospects to be tested in the block. To further evaluate the prospectivity of the block, JX Nippon conducted Genesis 1D thermal maturation investigations at selected pseudo-well locations, and a Trinity 2.5D basin modeling study to better understand the timing of hydrocarbon maturation, expulsion and migration in relation to the timing of trap formation. Taking into considerations the unproven source rock interval(s) and limited seismic coverage for the block, preliminary results of the basin modeling study suggest there is sufficient hydrocarbon charge for the prospects in DWR, most of which is generated from the modeled "Pseudo-Brown" source rock interval. The HC migration models suggest accumulations in the area tend to be oil-rich for the deeper Kinarut objective level due to larger structural reliefs and slow HC leakage (over geological time), whereby gas is being leaked preferentially and progressively to shallower levels leaving behind the oil columns. Consequently, the shallower Kamunsu and Pink targets, where present are likely to be condensate- and gas-rich, respectively. The gas leakage model has also been observed in nearby discoveries, notably Murphy's Kikeh and Shell's Gumusut-Kakap oil fields. In 2013, a surface macro-geochemical study within DWR was also conducted. The preliminary results of basin modeling study integrated with the occurrence of hydrocarbon seepages based on the outcomes of surface geochemical analyses show some positive indications. C10+ gas chromatogram and biomarker investigations at selected sampling locations suggest the presence of thermogenic hydrocarbon generation with pockmarks and mud volcanoes on seabed indicating potential leakage of hydrocarbons to surface. Overall the Trinity model suggests a favorable timing of HC generation and migration, mostly post-structuration with surface geochemical study indicating a presently active petroleum system in the block.
The Sarawak Bunguran Fold Belt: Structural Development in the Context of South China Sea Tectonics
Authors: Jong John , Barker Steven , Kessler Franz L. , Tran Quoc Tan 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The Bunguran Trough (BT) covering Sarawak Deepwater Block 2F shows a number of largely parallel trends of folded Neogene anticlines, with reverse faults and thrusts in the cores, and blind thrusting and folding in the upper section of the individual mapped anticlines. The Bunguran Fold Belt (BFB), comprising the deepwater deposition setting of the Rajang Delta (synonym: West Luconia Delta), has been historically compared by explorationists/geologists with the Sabah Fold Belt, and accordingly a genetic model related to gravity sliding had been advocated. However, the gravity hypothesis may not necessary hold alone based on the following observations and considerations:The folds in the anticline cores are steep, and are characterised mainly by reverse faults rather than thrust faults; neither have we observed obvious listric flattening expressed in the deeper sections, nor is there an obvious common root of the fault systems.Despite the only moderate quality of the available 3D data, it can be argued that some sections in the anticline areas are formed by particularly thick layers of sediment, if compared with areas in-between anticlines; this leads to the hypothesis that these areas of original higher sedimentation coincided with sedimentary depocentres that were later inverted by compressional tectonics.The vicinity of Block 2F to such areas as the neighbouring Greater Natuna and Coastal Sarawak offer many excellent examples of inversion tectonics, and one can argue that the compressive stress acting in these areas was also present in other structural provinces of the South China Sea (SCS).
However, just south of the BFB and more proximal on the Sarawak Shelf, the deposition of a thick, clastic sedimentary succession has resulted in the progradation of the regressive Rajang Delta with down-to-basin growth faults observed in the extensional zone. The sediment loading on the slope would have likely caused the activation of the mobile shale at depth forming structural growths further outboard in deepwater setting.
Accordingly, it can be inferred that the BFB is neither purely a gravity-induced feature, nor fully caused by compression and tectonic inversion of half-grabens along pre-existing extensional faults. The anticlinal structures of the BFB are likely the results of the interplay between gravity-driven delta deformation and episodic regional thin-skinned compressional tectonics of SCS. Therefore a good understanding of the history of the structural development for the BFB in the context of SCS tectonics will have profound consequences on the timing of sedimentation, hydrocarbon migration and retention, as well as for the right choice of exploration drilling targets.
Experimental and Numerical Study of Gravity Effects on Oil Recovery in Fractured Carbonates
Authors: Alshehri Amar J , Kovscek Anthony Robert 
Published: March 2015

Recovering oil from fractured resources is very challenging. If waterflood is implemented, most of the injected water channels through the fracture network leaving much oil behind in the matrix. One option is to increase the viscosity of the injectant by using foams or polymers. Another option is the objective of this work. In this work, the use of surfactant floods as a means of improving oil recovery in fractured systems. Our claim is that surfactants reduce the interfacial tension (IFT) between oil and water allowing gravity to segregate oil and water by buoyancy. The mobilized oil moves towards the fracture network then to producers.
This claim was investigated by conducting surfactant-flood experiments on fractured carbonates. Experiments were monitored by an X-ray CT scanner to quantify fluid saturations in situ. One experiment was conducted horizontally as a base case; another experiment was conducted vertically to maximize gravity effects. A special core holder was used to mimic aspects fractured systems for a whole core. This paper discusses experiment details and results along with simulation attempts that were made using two commercial simulators.
The surfactant used in these experiments reduced IFT from 40 mN/m to 3 mN/m. For this mode of recovery, ultralow IFT is not preferred because some capillary action is needed to aid injectant transport into the matrix. The vertical experiment showed an incremental recovery of about 7% over the horizontal experiment.
This work has shown that surfactant floods improve oil recovery in fractured systems not necessarily due to wettability alteration but mainly due to reduction of capillary effects. Consequently, gravity segregates oil by buoyancy mobilizing trapped oil to the fracture network and then to producers.
Understanding as a Liturgy of the Whole Church: The Critical Hermeneutics of Karl Barth's Church Dogmatics, Volume 1, Part 2
Authors: Oulton Peter 
Published: March 2015

Abstract: As a re-examination of Karl Barth's hermeneutic, this article argues that while Werner Jeanrond's identification of Barth with Gadamer may be appropriate, his blindness to Barth's provision of a critical element, which Jeanrond believed Bultmann alone provides, reveals a general hermeneutical prejudice. The work first contrasts the hermeneutical methods of Barth and Bultmann, identifying where Jeanrond believes Bultmann's critical hermeneutic progresses beyond Barth. Then, through comparison with the method Gadamer employs, it gives evidence that Barth both acknowledges and addresses the need Jeanrond believes only Bultmann addresses. Finally, it shows how, when followed to its proper conclusion, Barth's hermeneutic provides the critical element Jeanrond believes lacking in Barth. Where Barth differs is in his identification of the critical element with the dogmatic task, a task to which he believed all believers contributed and is in that sense a liturgical work; leitourgeo, from which liturgy is derived, being a derivative of laos (people) and ergon (work). That the methodology Barth employs is what truly distinguishes his hermeneutic from Bultmann's is defended, and that Barth believed it the true solution to the hermeneutical problem Jeanrond identifies. Thus, it is argued that Barth takes the problem much more seriously. The work concludes with an outline of some of the implications of Barth's account, in which it is argued to be both ecumenical and emancipative and thus politically charged. It is also proven instructive for a correct understanding of his commitment to the principle semper reformanda.
Calvin and Canadian Protestantism: The Thought and Influence of W.W. Bryden
Authors: Vissers John A. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract: Walter W. Bryden (1883–1952), the sixth principal of Knox College (1945–1952), was arguably one of the most important Calvinist theologians in the history of Canadian Protestantism. In light of the 500th anniversary of John Calvin's birth (1509–1564) in 2009, this article explores Bryden's thought and influence as a Reformed Protestant theologian and Church leader in the Calvinist tradition and legacy that shaped Canadian Presbyterianism in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Bryden's own thinking about the significance of Calvin and Calvinism for the Presbyterian Church in Canada after Church union in 1925, especially in relation to the theology of Karl Barth, is explored in some detail. The Scottish theologian T.F. Torrance once remarked that Bryden was a truly remarkable theologian: “I can't help but think that he is more like John Calvin than anyone I've ever known.” This article tests Torrance's impression by offering a critical examination of both the Calvinist tradition in Canada and Walter Bryden's interpretation of that tradition. The article argues that by the end of the nineteenth century there were three quite distinct (and competing) interpretations of Calvinist theology in Canada. By the 1930s Walter Bryden had forged a fourth trajectory in Reformed theology, one that became dominant in Canadian Presbyterianism and influential in other parts of Canadian Protestantism. The article concludes that there were, to be sure, many problems and limitations with Bryden's Calvinism. Nevertheless, Walter Bryden championed the essential insights of the Genevan Reformer and was able to leverage them in the Canadian context in ways that were important for the identity of post-union Canadian Presbyterianism.
Hope Matters in Changing Times
Authors: McCarroll Pamela R. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract: This article argues that the dominant modern narrative of hope has collapsed in North America and that this is witnessed within the public and ecclesial spheres. While many near the centre of power struggle with hopelessness in the face of this collapse, the article insists that the collapse is both necessary and good. No longer can the modern Western narrative of hope meaningfully address the extent of contemporary crises; no longer can it ignore the multiple oppressions hidden by its dominance. The failure of this narrative of hope opens space for more resilient conceptions of hope to emerge. Affirming the work of Douglas John Hall, the article explores deeper bases for Christian hope through a theology of the cross. Experiences of unexpected possibility in the face of limit, finitude, oppression, and marginalization are held up as reflections of the hope of the cross. Finally, the article demonstrates hope of the cross through a discussion of Jonathan Lear's presentation of Plenty Coups, chief of the Crow Nation, as he leads his people through the colonizing arrival of European settlers to the land of the Crow.
Stewarding the Mysteries of Faith: Preaching the Gospel in Twenty-First-Century Canada
Authors: Gordon J. Dorcas 
Published: March 2015

Abstract: The article argues that in stewarding the mysteries of faith, preaching the gospel matters. It also claims that only when the biblical context and the context of the listeners are held in tension is the gospel preached. In the 1960s the new homiletic burst on the scene in the seminaries and mainline churches of North America. With its turn to the listener, its questions about the authority of the preacher, and an emphasis on the form of the sermon, the result, perhaps unconsciously, has been a decreased emphasis on the context of the biblical text in sermons that are preached week by week. In some ways this is not surprising, in that a discipline-based understanding of learning had already separated the study of the Bible from homiletics. The former, centred in a biblical department, focuses primarily on the academic study of the Bible, while the latter, subsumed under pastoral or practical theology, focuses on the “how to” of preaching a sermon. The shift from traditional homiletics to the new homiletic merely exacerbated the divide by privileging the experience of the listener as the primary focus of the sermon. This article describes this divide and offers an approach that seeks to ensure greater integrity between text and sermon by paying equal attention to the context of the biblical text and that of the twenty-first-century century listener.
Christian Education for the Public: Lessons from Legacy of Ewart College
Authors: Song Nam Soon 
Published: March 2015

Abstract: This article explores Christian education practices in Canada in the early twentieth century, in search of viable Christian education practices for all people of God today. Claiming educational ministry for the public as a major legacy of Ewart College, the author imagines how deaconesses would practise Christian education in the postmodern Canadian church. Deaconesses from Ewart College taught, served, and embraced both the “in-churched” and “out-churched,” including new immigrants or “foreigners” in their teaching ministry. Their responses were timely, effective, and appropriate to the changing needs and times of Canada at that time. This article identifies “Christian Education for the Public” by addressing the Canadian context in the early twentieth century to which deaconesses responded, asking how the lessons learned from deaconesses can be applied to Christian education today, as well as the current contexts of immigrants.
Rice Bran Oil Compared to Atorvastatin for Treatment of Dyslipidemia in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Shakib Marie-Christine , Gabrial Shreef , Gabrial Gamal 
Published: March 2015

Objective: To compare the effect of rice bran oil versus statins (atorvastatin drug) on blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) and serum lipid profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes. The safety of the tested rice bran oil and atorvastatin were investigated. Fatty acids contents of RBO, olive and sesame oil were also assessed.Materials and Methods: Forty four eligible patients with type 2 diabetes and moderately hyperlipidemic were randomly and equally allocated into two groups, rice bran oil (RBO) group and atorvastatin group. The RBO group received a low-calorie diet and consumed 30Â g / day RBO oil as salad dressing and for use as main cooking oil for 6 months. The Atorvastatin group received a low-calorie diet and 40 mg/day of atorvastatin drug for 6 months. At baseline and after 6 months of study intervention, blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), serum lipid profiles; hepatic, renal and inflammatory biomarkers were estimated.Results: Results showed significant increase in fasting and postprandial blood glucose, HbA1C and liver transaminases (alanine transaminase ALT and aspartate transaminase AST) in the atorvastatin group while a significant reduction was shown in RBO group. Moreover, significant reductions in lipid profile levels, blood urea, serum uric acid and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were observed in both RBO and atorvastatin groups after 6 months of the study intervention.Conclusion: The use of rice bran oil together with dietary modifications may have implications in lowering fasting and postprandial blood glucose, suppressing serum lipid levels, reduce the TC/HDL-C ratio and therefore reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease. Moreover, RBO exerts a hypouricemic action and anti-inflammatory effects. The findings obtained from the current study reinforce the use of RBO as an alternative natural potent hypolipidemic agent safer than atorvastatin drug that may induce side effects in some cases in patients intolerant to statins.
A Toxic Hepatitis Caused the Kombucha Tea â€“ Case Report
Authors: Kovacevic Zoran , Davidovic Goran , Vuckovic-Filipovic Jelena , Janicijevic-Petrovic Mirjana A. , Janicijevic Katarina , Popovic Andrijana 
Published: March 2015

Background: Toxic hepatitis may clinically manifest as other diseases of the liver, where it must always be considered in differential diagnoses of unexplained liver damage, such as poisoning with kombucha tea.Case report: 47-year old female patient was hospitalized and has consumed daily ounces of kombucha tea. During hospitalization patient was diagnosed with toxic hepatitis and treated with intravenous solutions of hepatic protective and ursodeoxycholic-acid (effective therapy).Â Conclusion: Examinations showed that kombucha tea has potential to revert the CCl4-induced hepatic toxicity, but used in overdose can induce toxicity himself.
Idol Theory
Authors: Salih Sarah 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT
The idol, in medieval Christian analysis, is a paradoxical object; it may be conceived of either as mere dumb matter, or as the housing of a living demon. It is paradoxical, too, in contemporary theories of materiality; the idol is a paradigm of the material thing invested with agency, but how then does it find space to develop the excess that makes it an agent, not a mere machine? This article argues that Christian narratives of the origin of idolatry explore this very question. St. Augustine drew together different strands of Old Testament denunciations of idolatry to argue that demons were attracted to the material images built by pagans. The idol is animated by the devotional pagan gaze, but exerts power by latency: at some times it will display liveliness to its worshippers, at others it will remain indifferent. Though the theory is worked out in most detail in regard to idols, Christian images, too, work through the power of latency, and may seduce and trap unwary viewers by apparent inertia.
Robot Saints
Authors: Swift Christopher 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT
In the Middle Ages, articulating religious figures like wooden Deposition crucifixes and ambulatory saints were tools for devotion, techno-mythological objects that distilled the wonders of engineering and holiness. Robots are gestures toward immortality, created in the face of the undeniable fact and experience of the ongoing decay of our fleshy bodies. Both like and unlike human beings, robots and androids occupy a nebulous perceptual realm between life and death, animation and inanimation. Masahiro Mori called this in-between space the “uncanny valley.” In this essay I argue that unlike a modern person apprehending an android (the uncanny humanlike object that resides in the space between what is essentially human and what is essentially not human), the physical animation of late medieval devotional objects fulfilled the expectations of their puppeteers and audiences to move. Glittering precious metals and stones, liturgical music, and other environmental properties of the sanctuary materially inferred the presence and action of saints on earth, greatly enhancing the affective lives of devotees. I focus on later medieval Spanish statues of the Virgin in order to transcend their familiar aesthetic and religious interpretations of anthropomorphic statues, and explore instead their functional aspects and performative relationships between ritual objects and their users.
“The World Is Tref”:
Authors: Flanzbaum Hilene 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT
Why did Delmore Schwartz linger in cultural memory, even as his poetry was more and more overlooked? This essay argues that it is Schwartz's Jewishness that marked him a celebrity of his literary generation, and that his poetry had little, if anything, to do with it. Rather, Schwartz's cultural identity branded him. Schwartz's vast influence among his peers arises from his unique social position: the poet at midcentury nurtured on the values of New Criticism in conflict with the emerging tastes of postwar audiences; in addition: the Jewish American, largely second-generation, determined to embrace a national identity and detach himself from religion and ethnic practices and affiliations of earlier generations. The uncertainties, ambiguities and disorienting evolutions in each of these subject positions leave both poets and Jews searching for a comfortable perch. The impact of these changes on Schwartz, who was both, would have devastating effects; and it is in the shadow of that devastation that we find his lasting cultural legacy. In order to understand Schwartz's continuing resonance, then, we have to examine how two identities—poet and Jew—collide and concatenate in the culture of the fifties, and become paradigmatic of the irreconcilable forces that lie at the center of the American artist's experience at midcentury.
The Irony of Harming Fish as Part of Iran’s Nowrouz
Authors: Ghazilou Amir , Elder Maximilian Padden 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Nowrouz (literally meaning "new day") is the Iranian New Year that is celebrated during Eid, the longest Iranian festival. During the festival, families construct a Nowrouz cloth upon which several symbolic items are placed to celebrate the new year. One of these items is a goldfish who is placed in a bowl and discarded at the conclusion of the holiday. Goldfish are viewed as objects to be purchased, used, and disposed of without serious moral consideration. Given both the principle of the Nowrouz holiday as a celebration of peace as well as the current scientific evidence supporting the existence of pain in goldfish, the use of one in the Nowrouz is ironic and ethically inconsistent.
Raising the Bar in the Justification of Animal Research
Authors: Galgut Elisa 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Animal ethics committees (AECs) appeal to utilitarian principles in their justification of animal experiments. Although AECs do not grant rights to animals, they do accept that animals have moral standing and should not be unnecessarily harmed. Although many appeal to utilitarian arguments in the justification of animal experiments, I argue that AECs routinely fall short of the requirements needed for such justification in a variety of ways. I argue that taking the moral status of animals seriously--even if this falls short of granting rights to animals--should lead to a thorough revision or complete elimination of many of the current practices in animal experimentation.
The Religion of Ethical Veganism
Authors: Johnson Lisa 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
A survey was administered during fall 2013 to 163 self-identified adult ethical vegans and/or ethical vegetarians in the United States to determine whether the respondents+ beliefs meet the definition of religion according to U.S. federal law. The data demonstrate that a majority of the surveyed group possesses beliefs concordant with the definition of "religion" according to federal statutes, federal judicial tests, and regulatory law. Since religion is a protected characteristic in U.S. law, and ethical veganism meets various definitions for religion, then ethical veganism should be recognized as a religion and a protected characteristic under U.S. law.