bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations of body mass index, waist circumference and the weight‐adjusted waist index with daily living ability impairment in older Chinese people: A cross‐sectional study of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey
Authors: Sun Jie , Lin Jie , Shen Wenqin , Ding Pan , Yang Wenjuan , Huang Li , Chen Huajian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimTo investigate the associations of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and the weight‐adjusted waist index (WWI) with the impairment of activities of daily living (ADL) in older Chinese people.MethodsA total of 13 260 participants aged 65 years and older from the 2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey were included in this cross‐sectional study. BMI, WC and the WWI were calculated from measurements of height, weight and WC. Binary logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Non‐linear correlations were investigated using restricted cubic spline curves.ResultsIn multivariate logistic regression fully adjusted for confounding variables, our analyses revealed significant associations between WC and WWI and ADL impairment, with adjusted ORs (95% CI) of 1.01 (1.00, 1.01) and 1.08 (1.03, 1.12), respectively. Meanwhile, participants with a high WWI had a higher risk of ADL impairment compared with those with a low WWI, with an adjusted OR (95% CI) of 1.12 (1.02, 1.23). Subgroup analyses showed that only the association between WWI and ADL impairment did not differ in any of the different populations. In addition, we found that BMI, WC and WWI were non‐linearly associated with ADL impairment.ConclusionsThere are significant associations between WC and WWI and ADL impairment in older Chinese people. The findings show the ability of the WWI to serve as a comprehensive and effective indicator of obesity in older Chinese people and emphasize the importance of assessing WWI in screening and preventing ADL impairment in older people.
Optimized ascospore ejection method for the evaluation of resistance to Teratosphaeria nubilosa in Eucalyptus
Authors: Freitas Camila S. , Almeida Rosiane F. , Fernandes Fernando M. , Alfenas Rafael F. , Badel Jorge L. , Silveira Silvaldo F. , Alfenas Acelino C. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTeratosphaeria nubilosa is the predominant causal agent of Teratosphaeria leaf disease (TLD) in experimental plantations of E. globulus in Brazil. It exhibits slow vegetative growth and lack of sporulation in in vitro culture, making it difficult to obtain enough ascospores for mass inoculation. This study aimed to establish an inoculation method based on ascospore ejection from naturally infected leaves and use it to assess the response to T. nubilosa of eucalypt species and interspecific hybrids. First, the optimal temperature and incubation time for ascospores ejection from naturally infected E. globulus leaves were determined in vitro. Then, these optimal conditions were used to assess the response of eight eucalypt genotypes to T. nubilosa inoculation using ejected ascospores. The infected leaves were placed above (T1), above and under (T2) or under (T3) the plants to be inoculated. Significant differences in disease incidence, disease severity and plant defoliation were observed among genotypes and inoculation treatments. Plants exhibited higher incidence, more severe symptoms and more defoliation when exposed to T2. E. globulus and E. globulus × E. nitens clones were the most susceptible whereas an E. benthamii clone was immune. The sources of resistance identified in this work can be used in hybridization programmes with E. globulus to obtain interspecific hybrids expressing resistance to T. nubilosa and retaining the desirable traits for planting in temperate climates. The inoculation method optimized in this work could be used for small and medium‐scale screening of Eucalyptus spp. resistant to TLD. However, periodic validation of the species and genotype of the fungus associated with the naturally infected leaves used for inoculation and confirmation of the resistant phenotype of the selected eucalypt clones or progenies through experimental replications over time must be conducted.
Vortioxetine improved schizophrenia‐like behavioral deficits in a Poly I:C‐induced maternal immune activation model of schizophrenia in rats
Authors: Taskiran Mehmet , Yildiz Taskiran Sacide , Unal Gokhan , Bozkurt Nuh Mehmet , Golgeli Asuman 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundSeveral studies provide clear evidence that exposure to various infections during pregnancy are linked with an increased risk for schizophrenia. In preclinical studies, administration of polyinosinic‐polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C) in pregnant rodents can induce maternal immune activation leading to impairments in brain function in the offspring.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of vortioxetine, a multimodal selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), in the pathophysiology of Poly I:C‐induced schizophrenia‐like model in rats.MethodsFor this purpose, Poly I:C (8 mg/kg, ip) was injected into pregnant animals 14 days after mating, and tail blood was taken for determination of IL‐6 levels after 2 h. At postnatal days 83–86, behavioral tests were performed.ResultsOur results revealed that Poly I:C caused impairments in prepulse inhibition, novel object recognition, social interaction, and open‐field tests. Chronic administration of vortioxetine (2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg, ip, postnatal days 69–83) caused significant improvements in these deficits.ConclusionOverall, our findings indicate that vortioxetine may provide new therapeutic approaches for the treatment of schizophrenia. We think that increased serotonergic activity in frontal brain regions may provide the ameliorative effect of vortioxetine, especially on negative and cognitive symptoms. Therefore, it will be useful to determine the efficacy of vortioxetine with combined drugs with further studies.
Interacting effects of density and temperature on growth of wild and hatchery young‐of‐the‐year anadromous brown trout (Salmo trutta L.)
Authors: Lejk Adam M. , Smoliński Szymon , Łaszewski Maksym , Radtke Grzegorz 
Published: July 2024

AbstractStocking can affect population density but may influence fish growth responses to changes in environmental conditions. In a multi‐year field experiment, we investigated the interactive effects of density and temperature on the growth of young‐of‐the‐year anadromous brown trout in streams stocked with wild‐origin hatchery‐reared brown trout. Fish origin was the predominant factor influencing growth rate, thereby highlighting the importance of discriminating between wild and hatchery‐reared individuals. Growth was positively related to temperature (degree‐days) and negatively related to density, with the growth response to temperature modulated by density. Temperature had a more pronounced effect on juvenile growth at low density than at high density. The reduced growth response to temperature caused by density could reduce population resilience and should be considered in management and conservation strategies.
Altered metapopulation dynamics in a headwater specialist in geomorphically dynamic catchments
Authors: Stearman Loren W. , Schaefer Jacob F. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Human activities have widely disrupted the spatial ecological processes critical for population and ecosystem integrity. Local effects of altered sediment regimes in rivers are well explored, but how they impact connectivity at a catchment scale is less explored. In this paper we document evidence for altered metapopulation dynamics for a headwater specialist, blackspotted topminnow (Fundulus olivaceus) in catchments with geomorphically dynamic river mainstems.

We quantified decade‐scale patterns of fluvial geomorphic activity via planform analysis of historical and recent aerial imagery, and patterns of gene flow in F. olivaceus via analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms, identified by genotype‐by‐sequencing.

Mainstem streams narrowed and increased in sinuosity, probably in recovery from historic flood events. Substantial variability in response indicated underlying differences due to differential disturbance history and catchment sensitivity to change.

Multiple analytical approaches all found geography to be a major factor in genetic structuring among catchments. Metrics of genetic differentiation and heterozygosity for F. olivaceus within catchments were related to the degree of geomorphic change inferred from a multivariate composite metric. Catchments with more geomorphic change tended to have more population structuring.

Five populations assigned to adjacent catchments. Analysis of heterozygosity in presumed donor, recipient, and mis‐assigned catchments indicated founder effects in recipient catchments and probable subsequent allopatric recolonisation following local extirpations.

Our results demonstrate complex nonlocal effects of channel evolution on metapopulation dynamics in a pool‐dwelling non‐lithophilous headwater specialist. Our integrative approach allows strong insight into deeper effects of geomorphic processes on aquatic ecosystems. F. olivaceus is ecologically dissimilar to taxa traditionally anticipated to respond to sediment‐related disturbances and demonstrates how broader channel morphological change can affect habitats beyond sedimentation of the stream bed.
Factors associated with potentially inappropriate prescribing in elderly patients with various degrees of chronic kidney disease
Authors: Nedin Rankovic Gorana G. , Pejcic Ana V. , Krtinic Dane A. , Stokanovic Dragana S. , Trajkovic Hristina S. , Jovanovic Hristina M. , Binic Iva I. , Jankovic Slobodan M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionThis study aimed to compare the prevalence of potentially inappropriately prescribed drugs in hemodialysis patients and patients with chronic kidney disease who did not require renal replacement therapy, as well as to identify risk factors associated with potentially inappropriate prescribing.MethodsThe study was designed as a cross‐sectional study conducted at the Department of Nephrology, Clinical Center in Nis, Serbia. The patients were divided into two groups: (1) patients on hemodialysis treatment and (2) patients with various degrees of chronic kidney disease without renal replacement therapy. The presence or absence of potentially inappropriate prescribing was determined using the 2015 AGS Beers criteria.FindingsThe study included a total of 218 patients aged 65 years and over. The number of patients with potentially inappropriate prescribed drugs did not differ significantly (chi‐square = 0.000, p = 1.000) between patients on hemodialysis (27 of 83, i.e., 32.5%) and patients with various degrees of chronic kidney disease without renal replacement therapy (44 of 135, i.e., 32.6%). Factors associated with potentially inappropriate prescribing in hemodialysis patients were the number of drugs (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.919, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.325–2.780) and number of comorbidities (HR = 1.743, 95% CI: 1.109–2.740). The number of drugs (HR = 1.438, 95% CI: 1.191–1.736) was the only independent factor associated with increased risk of potentially inappropriate prescribing in patients without renal replacement therapy.DiscussionOur study showed that potentially inappropriate prescribing is a relatively frequent phenomenon present in about a third of patients in both study groups. The number of prescribed drugs was the main factor associated with the increased risk of potentially inappropriate prescribing in both groups.
Editor's Highlights — August 2024
Authors: Kemény Lajos 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPigmentary and hair disorders have a significant cosmetic and psychological impact. In the August issue of the Journal, we highlight the use of reflectance confocal microscopy in diagnosing and monitoring treatment responses in patients with melasma. We will also discuss new therapeutic approaches involving oral melatonin and a combination of glutathione and resveratrol for melasma. Additionally, the ongoing revolution in alopecia treatment with oral low‐dose minoxidil will be spotlighted, including the circumstances under which media attention has contributed to the growing interest in oral minoxidil prescriptions.
Efficacy and safety of dose‐dense gemcitabine plus cisplatin as neoadjuvant chemotherapy for muscle‐invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Hattori Yuto , Fujiwara Tasuku , Hagimoto Hiroki , Kokubun Hidetoshi , Murata Shiori , Makita Noriyuki , Abe Yohei , Kubota Masashi , Tohi Yoichiro , Tsutsumi Naofumi , Shibasaki Noboru , Inoue Koji , Kawakita Mutsushi , Yamasaki Toshinari 
Published: July 2024

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of dose‐dense gemcitabine and cisplatin (ddGC) as neoadjuvant chemotherapy for muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (MIBC).MethodsPatients with locally advanced MIBC (cT2aN0M0‐cT4N1M0) who received ddGC between December 2017 and December 2023 were included. Regimens of ddGC with pegfilgrastim were administered every 2 weeks for 4 cycles, followed by radical cystectomy. The pathological complete response (CR) (pT0N0) and objective response (OR) (<pT2N0) rates were evaluated in patients who underwent radical cystectomy. Tolerability was assessed using relative dose intensity (RDI). Adverse events (AEs) were documented according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events in all patients who received ddGC. Disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method.ResultsA total of 45 patients (cT2N0, 60%; cT3N0, 22%; cT4N0, 9%; and cTanyN1, 9%) were included. Of the 41 who underwent cystectomy, 38 (92.7%) completed all planned cycles, with a median RDI of 0.96 (interquartile range [IQR], 0.89–1.00). Overall, CR and OR were achieved in 12 (29.3%) and 17 (41.5%) patients, respectively, increasing to 32.4% and 45.9%, respectively, in cN0 patients. Severe AEs (grade ≥ 3) were observed in eight patients (17.8%), including four hematological toxicities. At a median follow‐up of 31 months, 2‐year DFS and OS were 70.8% and 89.2%, respectively.ConclusionNeoadjuvant ddGC demonstrated good tolerability, efficacy, and safety, suggesting its potential as a treatment option for MIBC.
Effects of poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) on silk proteins in the silkworm, Bombyx mori
Authors: Wu Mingke , Sun Hao , Wang Aoming , Lao Junjie , Liu Dan , Chen Chaojie , Zhang Yan , Xia Qingyou , Ma Sanyuan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAnimal silk is economically important, while silk secretion is a complex and subtle mechanism regulated by many genes. We identified the poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP1) gene of the silkworm and successfully cloned its coding sequence (CDS) sequence. Using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR/Cas9) technology, we screened single guide RNA (sgRNA) with high knockout efficiency by cellular experiments and obtained PARP1 mutants by knocking out the PARP1 gene of the silkworm at the individual level. We found that the mutants mainly exhibited phenotypes such as smaller cocoon size and reduced cocoon shell rate than the wild type. We also detected the expression of silk protein genes in the mutant by quantitative real‐time PCR (qPCR) and found that the expression of some silk protein genes was slightly down‐regulated. Meanwhile, together with the results of transcriptomic analysis, we hypothesized that PARP1 may affect the synthesis of silk proteins, resulting in their failure to function properly. Our study may provide an important reference for future in‐depth refinement of the molecular mechanism of silk protein expression in silk‐producing animals, as well as a potential idea for future development of molecular breeding lines of silkworms to improve silk production.
Stabilization of phase‐pure tetragonal zirconia ceramics with minimum CeO2 doping and associated benefits
Authors: Lakshya Annu Kumar , Jha Keshav Kumar , Chowdhury Anirban 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn the quest of finding the minimum ceria doping for a stabilized zirconia matrix, we report a remarkable structure–property correlation for a high (> 99%) density, fine grained (∼100 nm), fully phase‐pure (confirmed via both slow scan X‐ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy) tetragonal 10 mol.% CeO2‐doped zirconia ceramics (10Ce‐TZP). A starting near spherical, ultrafine (∼7 nm) powders with high surface area (∼170 m2/g) ensured the conventional pressureless sintering at 1150°C without the need of any additives, binders, and/or sintering aid to achieve this high density. No monoclinic phase was traced at the end of the low‐temperature degradation test for 100 h in boiling water; negligible (∼5% monoclinic phase) amounts showed up in the thermal quenching tests. The sintered 10Ce‐TZP ceramic recorded comparable/better hardness and indentation toughness value with respect to higher (i.e., 12 mol.%) ceria doped‐zirconia systems. For the first time, nanograined translucent 10Ce‐TZP ceramic portrayed a remarkable transmittance of ∼38% at 600 nm wavelength for 0.6 mm thick pellet.
The use of echocardiography compared to electrocardiogram when screening for left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertensive patients: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Bult Marijn Marc , van de Ree Thomas Flint , Wind Anna Maria , Hurley Kai Morris , van de Ree Marcel Allard 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLeft ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is often used as an indicator to assess hypertension‐mediated organ damage (HMOD), alongside hypertensive retinopathy (HR) and nephropathy. Assessment of HMOD is crucial when making decisions about treatment optimization. Despite longstanding debate over its reliability to detect LVH, it is common practice to perform an electrocardiogram (ECG) instead of directly assessing left ventricular mass with echocardiography. In this study, the presence of LVH was evaluated using both ECG and echocardiography among consecutive patients suspected of therapy‐resistant hypertension or secondary hypertension in the outpatient clinic of the Department of Internal Medicine at the Diakonessen Hospital, Utrecht, the Netherlands, between July 15, 2017, and July 31, 2020. The primary endpoints were the specificity and sensitivity of ECG as a diagnostic tool for LVH, with echocardiography serving as the reference method. Among the 329 participants, we identified 70 individuals (21.3%) with true LVH based on echocardiography. The ECG displayed a sensitivity of 47.9% and a specificity of 75.3%. Moreover, the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve was 0.604. In conclusion, ECG demonstrates limited value in identifying LVH. Considering the importance of accurately assessing HMOD for treatment optimization of hypertension, the role of ECG as a diagnostic tool for LVH is, therefore, questionable. Instead, we recommend employing standard echocardiography as a more reliable diagnostic.
The effect of ADAMTS13 on graft‐versus‐host disease
Authors: Li Dan , Cho Min Soon , Gonzalez‐Delgado Ricardo , Liang Xiaowen , Dong Jing‐Fei , Cruz Miguel A. , Ma Qing , Afshar‐Kharghan Vahid 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAllogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT) can potentially cure malignant blood disorders and benign conditions such as haemoglobinopathies and immunologic diseases. However, allo‐HSCT is associated with significant complications. The most common and debilitating among them is graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD). In GVHD, donor‐derived T cells mount an alloimmune response against the recipient. The alloimmune response involves several steps, including recognition of recipient antigens, activation and proliferation of T cells in secondary lymphoid organs, and homing into GVHD‐targeted organs. Adhesion molecules on T cells and endothelial cells mediate homing of T cells into lymphoid and non‐lymphoid tissues. In this study, we showed that Von Willebrand factor (VWF), an adhesion molecule secreted by activated endothelial cells, plays an important role in mouse models of GVHD. We investigated the effect of the VWF‐cleaving protease ADAMTS13 on GVHD. We found that ADAMTS13 reduced the severity of GVHD after bone marrow transplantation from C57BL6 donor to BALB/C recipient mice. A recombinant VWF‐A2 domain peptide also reduced GVHD in mice. We showed that ADAMTS13 and recombinant VWF‐A2 reduced the binding of T cells to endothelial cells and VWF in vitro, and reduced the number of T cells in lymph nodes, Peyer's patches and GVHD‐targeted organs in vivo. We identified LFA‐1 (αLβ2) as the binding site of VWF on T cells. Our results showed that blocking T‐cell homing by ADAMTS13 or VWF‐A2 peptide reduced the severity of the GVHD after allo‐HSCT, a potentially novel method for treating and preventing GVHD.
Immune‐related adverse events of antibody‐based biological medicines in cancer therapy
Authors: Rajagopal Deepa , MacLeod Elliot , Corogeanu Diana , Vessillier Sandrine 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRecombinant antibodies (Abs) are an integral modality for the treatment of multiple tumour malignancies. Since the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of rituximab as the first monoclonal antibody (mAb) for cancer treatment, several mAbs and antibody (Ab)‐based therapies have been approved for the treatment of solid tumour malignancies and other cancers. These Abs function by either blocking oncogenic pathways or angiogenesis, modulating immune response, or by delivering a conjugated drug. The use of Ab‐based therapy in cancer patients who could benefit from the treatment, however, is still limited by associated toxicity profiles which may stem from biological features and processes related to target binding, alongside biochemical and/or biophysical characteristics of the therapeutic Ab. A significant immune‐related adverse event (irAE) associated with Ab‐based therapies is cytokine release syndrome (CRS), characterized by the development of fever, rash and even marked, life‐threatening hypotension, and acute inflammation with secondary to systemic uncontrolled increase in a range of pro‐inflammatory cytokines. Here, we review irAEs associated with specific classes of approved, Ab‐based novel cancer immunotherapeutics, namely immune checkpoint (IC)‐targeting Abs, bispecific Abs (BsAbs) and Ab‐drug‐conjugates (ADCs), highlighting the significance of harmonization in preclinical assay development for safety assessment of Ab‐based biotherapeutics as an approach to support and refine clinical translation.