bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RDA at the Swiss National Library: Challenges and New Opportunities
Authors: Aliverti Christian , Müller Alexandra 
Published: July 2014

The first national libraries implemented RDA: Resource Description and Access in Spring 2013 and others are planning to implement the new standard in the course of the year or in the years to come. The Swiss National Library (NL) has decided to adopt RDA, and now needs to plan its implementation. In March 2013 a master's student in library and information science at the University of Zurich wrote a thesis which examined the NL's situation and made suggestions for the next steps in the implementation process. It served as a basis for this article. The article provides information about the NL's current situation in terms of cataloguing, RDA and cooperation. It outlines the NL's special situation in Switzerland, a country with four national and three official languages. In particular, it explains the legal directives the NL has to observe. It elaborates on the NL's activities in international committees, as well as on its undertakings at a national level. Furthermore, it highlights the challenges the national library of a multilingual country faces when adopting a new cataloguing code and it presents the next steps the NL will have to take.
The Green Goddess: William Archer's Great War Play
Authors: Kelly Veronica 
Published: July 2014

William Archer's melodrama The Green Goddess (1919) is the sole commercial international success enjoyed by the famed theatre critic and Ibsen scholar. While it successfully applies its author's knowledge of the conventions of popular melodrama, the play's subject ‘foundrsquo; its author in late 1919 during a period of heightened post-war personal and public turmoil. Set in a fictional principality on the North-West Frontier of imperial India, it takes the form of a hostage drama whose principal character is the cynical and ruthless Raja, played in the theatre and in two films by the veteran character actor George Arliss. This annotated edition uses staging evidence from the Promptbook of the 1924 Australian commercial production by J. C. Williamson Ltd and the silent (1923) and sound (1930) films. The Introduction places The Green Goddess in the generic context of post-war Orientalism. It explores its origins in Archer's official war work refuting German propaganda in various pamphlets and dramas. His wartime polemical themes of ‘barbarismrsquo; and ‘civilisationrsquo; (especially relating to Belgium) also permeate his 1919 play. The ethics of the aerial terror bombing of civilians, practised routinely in colonial policing and introduced to Europe in the Great War, both resolve the action of The Green Goddess and interrogate former wartime moral polarities. Its staging details are sourced in Archer's India and the Future (1917), such that an early example of British theatre dealing with the trauma of the Great War is overlaid upon a conventional-seeming colonial adventure melodrama.
An approximate solution to the flow field on vegetated intertidal platforms: Applicability and limitations
Authors: Van Oyen T. , Carniello L. , D'Alpaos A. , Temmerman S. , Troch P. , Lanzoni S. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractTidal wetland evolution is governed by interactions between topography, vegetation, and the flow field. Aiming to provide an appropriate hydrodynamic tool within a long‐term geomorphic model of vegetated wetlands, we describe an approximate procedure to model the depth‐averaged flow field on vegetated intertidal platforms. The procedure is tested by a qualitative comparison with laboratory experiments and quantitatively comparing with a numerical model, focusing on the influence of spatial variations in friction on the flow field. Overall, satisfactory comparisons are obtained. Nevertheless, some limitations of the approach are apparent. These are discussed in the light of the model assumptions. We analyze the impact of the observed limitations on the ability of the approximate solution to describe the morphodynamic evolution of the bed elevation. This is performed by evaluating the changes in the bed elevation after one tidal cycle on the intertidal platform based on flow velocities obtained with a numerical model and those of the simplified procedure. It is found that the bed evolution on the platform is reasonably described with the approximate solution, even though the accumulation of sediment is underestimated near the watershed divide by the approximate model. Taking into account the computationally economic character of the approximate procedure, the analysis indicates that the model provides a suitable tool to investigate the long‐term morphodynamic evolution of tidal wetlands.
Assessing the impacts of fiscal reforms on investment in village‐level irrigation infrastructure
Authors: Boyle Christine E. , Huang Qiuqiong , Wang Jinxia 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis paper investigates investment trends into village‐level irrigation projects and assesses the impact of fiscal reforms including the tax‐for‐fee reform and the elimination of agricultural tax on irrigation investment. The China Water Institutions and Management Panel Survey data show that village leaders, water user associations, farmers, and upper level governments have all contributed to irrigation investment in villages throughout the study period between 1996 and 2007. Both descriptive and multivariate analyses suggest that changes brought by fiscal reforms have significantly reduced village collectives' capacity to fund irrigation infrastructure in villages. There was a significant drop in upper level government investment during the posttax‐for‐fee period (2002–2004 in the sample areas). Since 2005, upper level government has increased its investment to prereform levels and partly filled the public investment void in irrigation infrastructure. Fiscal reforms had the least impact on farmers' investment, which has been the most stable source of funding for village‐level irrigation projects.
Long‐term (17 Ma) turbidite record of the timing and frequency of large flank collapses of the Canary Islands
Authors: Hunt J. E. , Talling P. J. , Clare M. A. , Jarvis I. , Wynn R. B. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractVolcaniclastic turbidites on the Madeira Abyssal Plain provide a record of large‐volume volcanic island flank collapses from the Canary Islands. This long‐term record spans 17 Ma, and comprises 125 volcaniclastic beds. Determining the timing, provenance and volumes of these turbidites provides key information about the occurrence of mass wasting from the Canary Islands, especially the western islands of Tenerife, La Palma and El Hierro. These turbidite records demonstrate that landslides often coincide with protracted periods of volcanic edifice growth, suggesting that loading of the volcanic edifices may be a key preconditioning factor for landslide triggers. Furthermore, the last large‐volume failures from Tenerife coincide with explosive volcanism at the end of eruptive cycles. Many large‐volume Canary Island landslides also occurred during periods of warmer and wetter climates associated with sea‐level rise and subsequent highstand. However, these turbidites are not serially dependent and any association with climate or sea level change is not statistically significant.
Local and regional trends in Plio‐Pleistocene δ18O records from benthic foraminifera
Authors: Bell David B. , Jung Simon J. A. , Kroon Dick , Lourens Lucas J. , Hodell David A. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe present new orbital‐resolution Pliocene‐Pleistocene benthic stable oxygen isotope (δ18Ob) records from Ocean Drilling Program Sites 1264 and 1267, from Walvis Ridge in the Southeast Atlantic. We compare long‐term (>250 kyr) interbasin δ18Ob‐gradients between Pacific and North Atlantic regional stacks, as well as intra and interbasin gradients from the perspective of Walvis Ridge. The δ18Ob values from Sites 1264 and 1267 are almost always higher than deep North Atlantic and Pacific sites, with large gradients (>0.5‰) emerging abruptly at ∼2.4 Ma and persisting until ∼1.3 Ma. From this, we infer the presence of a new water mass, which resulted from the influence of dense, 18O‐enriched Nordic sea overflow waters via the abyssal East Atlantic. Meanwhile, long‐term average δ18Ob values in the North Atlantic appear to have remained within 0–0.25‰ lower than in the Pacific. However, the magnitude of this difference is sensitive to the inclusion of records from the equatorial West Atlantic. These results, together with constraints based on temperature, salinity, and density, suggest an influence of the seawater δ18O (δ18OSW) versus salinity relationship of source waters on δ18Ob values within the Atlantic. In particular, the abrupt emergence at ∼2.4 Ma of higher δ18Ob values at Sites 1264 and 1267, relative to North Atlantic records, appears to require a low‐latitude surface water δ18OSW signal. This implies a connection between northward heat transport and deep water export into the abyssal East Atlantic. Hence, our results have implications for the interpretation of δ18Ob records and highlight the potential for δ18Ob to constrain deep Atlantic water mass sources and pathways during the Plio‐Pleistocene.
Evidence for long‐term memory in sea level
Authors: Dangendorf Sönke , Rybski Diego , Mudersbach Christoph , Müller Alfred , Kaufmann Edgar , Zorita Eduardo , Jensen Jürgen 
Published: July 2014

AbstractDetection and attribution of anthropogenic climate change signals in sea level rise (SLR) has experienced considerable attention during the last decades. Here we provide evidence that superimposed on any possible anthropogenic trend there is a significant amount of natural decadal and multidecadal variability. Using a set of 60 centennial tide gauge records and an ocean reanalysis, we find that sea levels exhibit long‐term correlations on time scales up to several decades that are independent of any systematic rise. A large fraction of this long‐term variability is related to the steric component of sea level, but we also find long‐term correlations in current estimates of mass loss from glaciers and ice caps. These findings suggest that (i) recent attempts to detect a significant acceleration in regional SLR might underestimate the impact of natural variability and (ii) any future regional SLR threshold might be exceeded earlier/later than from anthropogenic change alone.
Seismic noise‐based time‐lapse monitoring of the Valhall overburden
Authors: Mordret Aurélien , Shapiro Nikolaï M. , Singh Satish 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe used two “vintages” of ambient seismic noise recorded at the Valhall Life of the Field Seismic network in 2004 and 2005 to perform a passive time‐lapse imaging of the subsurface. First, the cross correlations between each pair of stations were computed for both vintages to extract Scholte waves. Second, the relative velocity variations between the 2004 and 2005 cross correlations were measured on the ballistic waves using the Moving‐Window Cross‐Spectral technique. Finally, the best quality relative velocity variation measurements were regionalized using a modified eikonal tomography technique. The results, albeit noisy because of the short duration of the available records, show a large patch of increased seismic velocity in the southern part of the network and a weaker anomaly in the northern part. The southern increase of velocity can be attributed to the exploitation of the southern flank of the Valhall reservoir with new wells and is in good agreement with a previous time‐lapse study using Scholte waves.
Double‐diffusive interfaces in Lake Kivu reproduced by direct numerical simulations
Authors: Sommer Tobias , Carpenter Jeffrey R. , Wüest Alfred 
Published: July 2014

AbstractDouble diffusion transforms uniform background gradients of temperature and salinity into “staircases” of homogeneous mixed layers that are separated by high‐gradient interfaces. Direct numerical simulations (DNS) and microstructure measurements are two independent methods of estimating double‐diffusive fluxes. By performing DNS under similar conditions as found in our measurements in Lake Kivu, we are able to compare results from both methods for the first time. We find that (i) the DNS reproduces the measured interface thicknesses of in situ microstructure profiles, (ii) molecular heat fluxes through interfaces capture the total vertical heat fluxes for density ratios larger than three, and (iii) the commonly used heat flux parameterization underestimates the total fluxes by a factor of 1.3 to 2.2.
The effect of vapor pressure deficit on water use efficiency at the subdaily time scale
Authors: Zhou Sha , Yu Bofu , Huang Yuefei , Wang Guangqian 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWater use efficiency is a critical index for describing carbon‐water coupling in terrestrial ecosystems. However, the nonlinear effect of vapor pressure deficit (VPD) on carbon‐water coupling has not been fully considered. To improve the relationship between gross primary production (GPP) and evapotranspiration (ET) at the subdaily time scale, we propose a new underlying water use efficiency (uWUE = GPP · VPD0.5/ET) and a hysteresis model to minimize time lags among GPP, ET, and VPD. Half‐hourly data were used to validate uWUE for seven vegetation types from 42 AmeriFlux sites. Correlation analysis shows that the GPP · VPD0.5 and ET relationship (r = 0.844) is better than that between GPP · VPD and ET (r = 0.802). The hysteresis model supports the GPP · VPD0.5 and ET relationship. As uWUE is related to CO2 concentration, its use can improve estimates of GPP and ET and help understand the effect of CO2 fertilization on carbon storage and water loss.
Modeling the loss of inner belt protons by magnetic field line curvature scattering
Authors: Tu Weichao , Cowee M. M. , Liu K. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe sudden loss of energetic protons in the inner radiation belt has been observed during geomagnetic storms. It is hypothesized that this sudden loss occurs because of changes in the geomagnetic field configuration which lead to a breakdown of the first adiabatic invariant, μ, in a process called magnetic field line curvature scattering or μ scattering. Comparison of observations to various analytic model predictions for μ scattering induced loss has, however, yielded discrepancies. To better understand how well the analytic models predict the proton loss, test particle simulations are carried out for various magnetic field configurations. Although our simulation results agree well with the analytic models for single μ‐scattering events, the results after cumulative μ scattering can show significant disagreement with the theoretical predictions based on analytic models. In particular, we find the assumption that protons with predicted initial δμ/μ > 0.01 or ε > 0.1 are ultimately lost overestimates the proton loss. Based on the test particle simulation results, we develop a new empirical model, called the “ε‐onset” model, to predict the minimum value of ε at which all protons of a given pitch angle and energy can be assumed to be lost due to μ scattering. By applying our ε‐onset model as the variable cutoff condition between trapping and detrapping, we obtain very good agreement between theoretical predictions and the simulation results for a range of Kp, suggesting that the ε‐onset model can potentially serve as an easy‐to‐use and more reliable predictor of inner belt proton loss due to μ scattering than the previously used fixed‐valued cutoff conditions.
Dense intermediate water outflow from the Cretan Sea: A salinity driven, recurrent phenomenon, connected to thermohaline circulation changes
Authors: Velaoras Dimitris , Krokos George , Nittis Kostas , Theocharis Alexander 
Published: July 2014

AbstractData collected from different platforms in the Cretan Sea during the 2000s decade present evidence of gradually increasing salinity in the intermediate and deep intermediate layers after the middle of the decade. The observed gradual salt transport toward the deeper layers indicates contributions of dense water masses formed in various Aegean Sea subbasins. The accumulation of these saline and dense water masses in the Cretan Sea finally led to outflow from both Cretan Straits, with density greater than typical Levantine/Cretan Intermediate water but not dense enough to penetrate into the deep layers of the Eastern Mediterranean. We name this outflowing water mass as dense Cretan Intermediate Water (dCIW). A retrospective analysis of in situ data and literature references during the last four decades shows that similar events have occurred in the past in two occasions: (a) in the 1970s and (b) during the Eastern Mediterranean Transient (EMT) onset (1987–1991). We argue that these salinity‐driven Aegean outflows are mostly attributed to recurrent changes of the Eastern Mediterranean upper thermohaline circulation that create favorable dense water formation conditions in the Aegean Sea through salinity preconditioning. We identify these phenomena as “EMT‐like” events and argue that in these cases internal thermohaline mechanisms dominate over atmospheric forcing in dense water production. However, intense atmospheric forcing over an already salinity preconditioned basin is indispensable for creating massive deep water outflow from the Cretan Sea, such as the EMT event.
Mesoscale activity in the Comoros Basin from satellite altimetry and a high‐resolution ocean circulation model
Authors: Collins C. , Hermes J. C. , Reason C. J. C. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractRecently it has been shown that anticyclonic eddies are generated in the Comoros Basin contesting the long‐held notion of a single large anticyclonic cell, the Comoros Gyre. Limited knowledge exists about the mesoscale activity within the basin, a potential key source of variability for the Mozambique Channel and subsequently the Agulhas Current. In this paper an automated eddy tracking scheme, applied to satellite altimetry data and a high‐resolution model simulation, is used to determine the characteristics of the anticyclonic eddies generated in the Comoros Basin. The generation and characteristics of cyclonic eddies are also investigated. The eddy tracking scheme revealed that anticyclonic eddies are primarily generated west of the tip of Madagascar due to barotropic instabilities whereas cyclonic eddies are mainly generated along the northwest coast of Madagascar as a result of baroclinic instabilities. Anticyclonic eddies, with a mean lifespan of about 3 months, reside in the basin for half their lifespan before propagating into the Mozambique Channel. On the other hand, the majority of cyclonic eddies, with a similar mean lifespan, dissipate within the basin. Initially, the anticyclones, with translation speeds of 6–8 km d−1 and mean radii of 80–100 km, follow the trajectory of the North East Madagascar Current and turn south upon reaching the African coast. The cyclonic eddies tend to be smaller (∼60 km) and have slower translation speeds (2.5–3.5 km d−1) than their anticyclonic counterparts.
Sample entropy‐based adaptive wavelet de‐noising approach for meteorologic and hydrologic time series
Authors: Wang Dong , Singh Vijay P. , Shang Xiaosan , Ding Hao , Wu Jichun , Wang Lachun , Zou Xinqing , Chen Yuanfang , Chen Xi , Wang Shicheng , Wang Zhenlong 
Published: July 2014

AbstractDe‐noising meteorologic and hydrologic time series is important to improve the accuracy and reliability of extraction, analysis, simulation, and forecasting. A hybrid approach, combining sample entropy and wavelet de‐noising method, is developed to separate noise from original series and is named as AWDA‐SE (adaptive wavelet de‐noising approach using sample entropy). The AWDA‐SE approach adaptively determines the threshold for wavelet analysis. Two kinds of meteorologic and hydrologic data sets, synthetic data set and 3 representative field measured data sets (one is the annual rainfall data of Jinan station and the other two are annual streamflow series from two typical stations in China, Yingluoxia station on the Heihe River, which is little affected by human activities, and Lijin station on the Yellow River, which is greatly affected by human activities), are used to illustrate the approach. The AWDA‐SE approach is compared with three conventional de‐noising methods, including fixed‐form threshold algorithm, Stein unbiased risk estimation algorithm, and minimax algorithm. Results show that the AWDA‐SE approach separates effectively the signal and noise of the data sets and is found to be better than the conventional methods. Measures of assessment standards show that the developed approach can be employed to investigate noisy and short time series and can also be applied to other areas.
Plasma profiling reveals three proteins associated to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Häggmark Anna , Mikus Maria , Mohsenchian Atefeh , Hong Mun‐Gwan , Forsström Björn , Gajewska Beata , Barańczyk‐Kuźma Anna , Uhlén Mathias , Schwenk Jochen M. , Kuźma‐Kozakiewicz Magdalena , Nilsson Peter 
Published: July 2014

AbstractObjectiveAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common adult motor neuron disease leading to muscular paralysis and death within 3–5 years from onset. Currently, there are no reliable and sensitive markers able to substantially shorten the diagnosis delay. The objective of the study was to analyze a large number of proteins in plasma from patients with various clinical phenotypes of ALS in search for novel proteins or protein profiles that could serve as potential indicators of disease.MethodsAffinity proteomics in the form of antibody suspension bead arrays were applied to profile plasma samples from 367 ALS patients and 101 controls. The plasma protein content was directly labeled and protein profiles obtained using 352 antibodies from the Human Protein Atlas targeting 278 proteins. A focused bead array was then built to further profile eight selected protein targets in all available samples.ResultsDisease‐associated significant differences were observed and replicated for profiles from antibodies targeting the proteins: neurofilament medium polypeptide (NEFM), solute carrier family 25 (SLC25A20), and regulator of G‐protein signaling 18 (RGS18).InterpretationUpon further validation in several independent cohorts with inclusion of a broad range of other neurological disorders as controls, the alterations of these three protein profiles in plasma could potentially provide new molecular markers of disease that contribute to the quest of understanding ALS pathology.