bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A control‐theoretic approach towards joint admission control and resource allocation of cloud computing services
Authors: Dechouniotis Dimitrios , Leontiou Nikolaos , Athanasopoulos Nikolaos , Christakidis Athanasios , Denazis Spyros 
Published: March 2015

SummaryMeeting the performance specifications of consolidated web services in a data center is challenging, as the control of the underlying cloud computing infrastructure must meet the service level agreement requirements and satisfy the system's constraints. In this article, we address the admission control and resource allocation problem jointly, by establishing a unified modeling and control framework. Convergence to a desired reference point and stability and feasibility of the control strategy are guaranteed while achieving high performance of the co‐hosted web applications. The efficacy of the proposed approach is illustrated in a real test bed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Growth patterns during and after treatment in patients with pediatric ALL: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhang Fang Fang , Liu Shanshan , Chung Mei , Kelly Michael J. 
Published: March 2015

BackgroundSurvivors of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have a significantly higher body mass index (BMI) than their peers. Understanding the critical time periods in which patients with pediatric ALL are vulnerable to unhealthy weight gain will lay the groundwork for developing effectively timed interventions.ProcedureWe determined the growth patterns of patients with pediatric ALL during and after treatment through the conduct of a systematic review and meta‐analysis. A search of MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science was performed from its inception through May 2014. Studies met the inclusion criteria if they included at least 10 patients of pediatric ALL, and longitudinally assessed BMI at diagnosis and at least one time point after diagnosisResultsTwenty‐one studies met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review and 16 were included in meta‐analysis. The mean increase in BMI z‐score during treatment in 1,514 patients with pediatric ALL was 0.81 (95% CI: 0.25–1.38). Specifically, patients experienced substantial weight gain in early treatment (Δ = 0.41, 95% CI: −0.34, 1.17) and again during maintenance (Δ = 0.34, 95% CI:−0.22, 0.90). The mean increase in BMI z‐score ranged between 0.52 and 0.89 beyond treatment completion. Subgroup analyses found unhealthy weight gain occurred regardless of patients' receipt of cranial radiation therapy, sex, and, weight status at diagnosis.ConclusionsPatients with pediatric ALL experience unhealthy weight gain early in treatment, and increases in weight are maintained beyond treatment completion. Preventing early onset of obesity is a priority for improving the care and outcomes for patients with pediatric ALL. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:1452–1460. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Poly(p‐benzamide) having isopropyl‐substituted chiral tri(ethylene glycol) side Chain: Synthesis and helical conformation
Authors: Yokoyama Akihiro , Nakano Suguru , Saiki Tomoaki , Yokozawa Tsutomu 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTIsopropyl‐substituted tri(ethylene glycol) is used as a chiral side chain of N‐substituted poly(p‐benzamide) in order to increase the difference of stability between the right‐ and left‐handed helical structures of the polymer. The target polymer is synthesized by the chain‐growth condensation polymerization of the corresponding monomer with an initiator using lithium 1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexamethyldisilazide as a base. A circular dichroism (CD) study of the polymer reveals that the CD signal is due to an excess of a thermodynamically controlled right‐handed helical structure of the polymer, and that the replacement of the methyl group with a bulkier isopropyl group at the side chain of poly(p‐benzamide) increases the abundance of right‐handed helical structure in chloroform. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 1623–1628
In situsynthesis of ABA triblock copolymer nanoparticles by seeded RAFT polymerization: Effect of the chain length of the third a block on the triblock copolymer morphology
Authors: Kang Haijiao , Su Yang , He Xin , Zhang Shifeng , Li Jianzhang , Zhang Wangqing 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTSynthesis of the ABA triblock copolymer nanoparticles of poly(N,N‐dimethylacrylamide)‐block‐polystyrene‐block‐poly(N,N‐dimethylacrylamide) (PDMA‐b‐PS‐b‐PDMA) by seeded RAFT polymerization is performed, and the effect of the introduced third poly(N,N‐dimethylacrylamide) (PDMA) block on the size and morphology of the PDMA‐b‐PS‐b‐PDMA triblock copolymer nanoparticles is investigated. This seeded RAFT polymerization affords thein situsynthesis of the PDMA‐b‐PS‐b‐PDMA core‐corona nanoparticles, in which the middle solvophobic PS block forms the compacted core, and the first solvophilic PDMA block and the introduced third PDMA block form the solvated complex corona. During the seeded RAFT polymerization, the introduced third PDMA block extends, and the molecular weight of the PDMA‐b‐PS‐b‐PDMA triblock copolymer linearly increases with the monomer conversion. It is found that, the size of the PS core in the PDMA‐b‐PS‐b‐PDMA triblock copolymer core‐corona nanoparticles is almost equal to that in the precursor of the poly(N,N‐dimethylacrylamide)‐block‐polystyrene diblock copolymer core‐corona nanoparticles and it keeps constant during the seeded RAFT polymerization, and whereas the introduction of the third PDMA block leads to a crowded complex corona on the PS core. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem.2015,53, 1777–1784
Reliable change in neuropsychological assessment of breast cancer survivors
Authors: Andreotti Charissa , Root James C. , Schagen Sanne B. , McDonald Brenna C. , Saykin Andrew J. , Atkinson Thomas M. , Li Yuelin , Ahles Tim A. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to enhance the current understanding and interpretation of longitudinal change on tests of neurocognitive function in individuals with cancer. Scores on standard neuropsychological instruments may be impacted by practice effects and other random forms of error.MethodsThe current study assessed the test–retest reliability of several tests and overarching cognitive domains comprising a neurocognitive battery typical of those used for research and clinical evaluation using relevant time frames. Practice effect‐adjusted reliable change confidence intervals for test–retest difference scores based on a sample of patient‐matched healthy controls are provided.ResultsBy applying reliable change confidence intervals to scores from two samples of breast cancer patients at post‐treatment follow‐up assessment, meaningful levels of detectable change in cognitive functioning in breast cancer survivors were ascertained and indicate that standardized neuropsychological instruments may be subject to limitations in detection of subtle cognitive dysfunction over clinically relevant intervals, especially in patient samples with average to above average range baseline functioning.ConclusionsThese results are discussed in relation to reported prevalence of cognitive change in breast cancer patients along with recommendations for study designs that enhance detection of treatment effects. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Observing a Catastrophic Thermokarst Lake Drainage in Northern Alaska
Authors: Jones Benjamin M. , Arp Christopher D. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe formation and drainage of thermokarst lakes have reshaped ice‐rich permafrost lowlands in the Arctic throughout the Holocene. North of Teshekpuk Lake, on the Arctic Coastal Plain of northern Alaska, thermokarst lakes presently occupy 22.5% of the landscape, and drained thermokarst lake basins occupy 61.8%. Analysis of remotely sensed imagery indicates that nine lakes (>10 ha) have drained in the 1,750 km2 study area between 1955 and 2014. The most recent lake drainage was observed using in situ data loggers providing information on the duration and magnitude of the event, and a nearby weather station provided information on the environmental conditions preceding the lake drainage. Lake 195 (L195), an 80 ha thermokarst lake with an estimated water volume of ~872,000 m3, catastrophically drained on 05 July 2014. Abundant winter snowfall and heavy early summer precipitation resulted in elevated lake water levels that likely promoted bank overtopping, thermo‐erosion along an ice‐wedge network, and formation of a 9 m wide, 2 m deep, and 70 m long drainage gully. The lake emptied in 36 hours, with 75% of the water volume loss occurring in the first ten hours. The observed peak discharge of the resultant flood was 25 m3/s, which is similar to that in northern Alaska river basins whose areas are more than two orders of magnitude larger. Our findings support the catastrophic nature of sudden lake drainage events and the mechanistic hypotheses developed by J. Ross Mackay. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Arginine: Its pKa value revisited
Authors: Fitch Carolyn A. , Platzer Gerald , Okon Mark , Garcia‐Moreno E. Bertrand , McIntosh Lawrence P. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractUsing complementary approaches of potentiometry and NMR spectroscopy, we have determined that the equilibrium acid dissociation constant (pKa value) of the arginine guanidinium group is 13.8 ± 0.1. This is substantially higher than that of ∼12 often used in structure‐based electrostatics calculations and cited in biochemistry textbooks. The revised intrinsic pKa value helps explains why arginine side chains in proteins are always predominantly charged, even at pH values as great as 10. The high pKa value also reinforces the observation that arginine side chains are invariably protonated under physiological conditions of near neutral pH. This occurs even when the guanidinium moiety is buried in a hydrophobic micro‐environment, such as that inside a protein or a lipid membrane, thought to be incompatible with the presence of a charged group.
Managing the evolution of herbicide resistance
Authors: Evans Jeffrey A , Tranel Patrick J , Hager Aaron G , Schutte Brian , Wu Chenxi , Chatham Laura A , Davis Adam S 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDUnderstanding and managing the evolutionary responses of pests and pathogens to control efforts is essential to human health and survival. Herbicide‐resistant (HR) weeds undermine agricultural sustainability, productivity and profitability, yet the epidemiology of resistance evolution – particularly at landscape scales – is poorly understood. We studied glyphosate resistance in a major agricultural weed, Amaranthus tuberculatus (common waterhemp), using landscape, weed and management data from 105 central Illinois grain farms, including over 500 site‐years of herbicide application records.RESULTSGlyphosate‐resistant (GR) A. tuberculatus occurrence was greatest in fields with frequent glyphosate applications, high annual rates of herbicide mechanism of action (MOA) turnover and few MOAs field−1 year−1. Combining herbicide MOAs at the time of application by herbicide mixing reduced the likelihood of GR A. tuberculatus.CONCLUSIONSThese findings illustrate the importance of examining large‐scale evolutionary processes at relevant spatial scales. Although measures such as herbicide mixing may delay GR or other HR weed traits, they are unlikely to prevent them. Long‐term weed management will require truly diversified management practices that minimize selection for herbicide resistance traits. © 2015 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Light‐controllable polymeric material based on temperature‐sensitive hydrogels with incorporated graphene oxide
Authors: Breuer L. , Raue M. , Kirschbaum M. , Mang T. , Schöning M. J. , Thoelen R. , Wagner T. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractPoly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) hydrogel films with incorporated graphene oxide (GO) were developed and tested as light‐stimulated actuators. GO dispersions were synthesized via Hummers method and characterized toward their optical properties and photothermal energy conversion. The hydrogels were prepared by means of photopolymerization. In addition, the influence of GO within the hydrogel network on the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The optical absorbance and the response to illumination were determined as a function of GO concentration for thin hydrogel films. A proof of principle for the stimulation with light was performed.
Determination of low concentrations of iron, arsenic, selenium, cadmium, and other trace elements in natural samples using an octopole collision/reaction cell equipped quadrupole‐inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer
Authors: Dial Angela R. , Misra Sambuddha , Landing William M. 
Published: March 2015

RationaleAccurate determination of trace metals has many applications in environmental and life sciences, such as constraining the cycling of essential micronutrients in biological production and employing trace metals as tracers for anthropogenic pollution. Analysis of elements such as Fe, As, Se, and Cd is challenged by the formation of polyatomic mass spectrometric interferences, which are overcome in this study.MethodsWe utilized an Octopole Collision/Reaction Cell (CRC)‐equipped Quadrupole‐Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer for the rapid analysis of small volume samples (~250 μL) in a variety of matrices containing HNO3 and/or HCl. Efficient elimination of polyatomic interferences was demonstrated by the use of the CRC in Reaction Mode (RM; H2 gas) and in Collision‐Reaction Mode (CRM; H2 and He gas), in addition to hot plasma (RF power 1500 W) and cool plasma (600 W) conditions.ResultsIt was found that cool plasma conditions with RM achieved the greatest signal sensitivity while maintaining low detection limits (i.e. 56Fe in 0.44 M HNO3 has a sensitivity of 160,000 counts per second (cps)‐per‐1 µg L–1 and a limit of detection (LoD) of 0.86 ng L–1). The average external precision was ≤ ~10% for minor (≤10 µg L–1) elements measured in a 1:100 dilution of NIST 1643e and for iron in rainwater samples under all instrumental operating conditions.ConclusionsAn improved method has been demonstrated for the rapid multi‐element analysis of trace metals that are challenged by polyatomic mass spectrometric interferences, with a focus on 56Fe, 75As, 78Se and 111Cd. This method can contribute to aqueous environmental geochemistry and chemical oceanography, as well as other fields such as forensic chemistry, agriculture, food chemistry, and pharmaceutical sciences. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chronic granulomatous disease presenting as refractory pneumonia in late adulthood
Authors: Sarwar Ghulam , de Malmanche Theo , Rassam Loui , Grainge Christopher , Williams Andrew , Arnold David 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe present a case of refractory pneumonia in an adult patient with underlying chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). Her lobectomy tissue grew Burkholderia cepacia and histopathology revealed diffuse severe pneumonic consolidation with suppurative/necrotizing granulomata. An initial attempt to find an underlying immune deficiency was unsuccessful. Following recurrent invasive infections, repeat immunological assessment revealed reduced neutrophil function, demonstrating skewed carrier status (lyonization) for X‐linked CGD (only 3% normal cells). A pathogenic mutation in the CYBB gene was found on sequencing. CYBB gene encodes the gp91phox, a catalytic subunit of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate‐oxidase that produces reactive oxygen species in phagocytes. Lyonization increases with age, explaining the delayed clinical CGD. CGD is a rare neutrophil disorder that usually presents in early life with recurrent infections due to bacteria and fungi primarily involving lungs and skin. It is secondary to a defective NADPH oxidase system needed to kill intracellular organisms and activate the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps.
Adaptive sliding mode control for a general nonlinear multicompartment lung model with input pressure and rate saturation constraints
Authors: Hou Saing Paul , Meskin Nader , Haddad Wassim M. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryIn this article, we develop an output feedback adaptive sliding mode controller for a general multicompartment lung mechanics model with nonlinear resistance and compliance respiratory parameters. Specifically, for a given clinically plausible reference volume pattern, we develop an adaptive sliding mode controller that accounts for input pressure and rate saturation constraints to automatically adjust the applied input pressure by the mechanical ventilator so that the total lung volume tracks the given reference pattern. The pressure due to lung muscle activity is also considered in the controller design. A Lyapunov‐based approach is presented to show convergence of the closed‐loop system, and the proposed control framework is applied to a two‐compartment lung model to show the efficacy of the proposed control method. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sustainable Development in EU Countries: Concept and Rating of Levels of Development
Authors: Grzebyk Mariola , Stec Małgorzata 
Published: March 2015

AbstractSustainable development is indeed a complex phenomena, thus making the comparison and valuation of advances of EU‐member states in the implementation of its objectives specifically difficult. The authors attempted to establish a synthetic measure of the level of sustainable development taking into account simultaneously three components: economic, social and environmental. It was aimed to compare particular countries by the mentioned measure and then grouping them. Relying on basis of content aspects the basics of research were “headline indicators” of sustainable development, sourced from the 2005–2012 research period formed the premise of the study. The study results demonstrate ongoing gradual advances being made in the implementation of concepts of sustainable development in EU‐member states. Although there can be visible a gradual convergence of EU‐member states in respect of their levels of sustainable development, nonetheless majority of countries still post indicators of sustainable development below the EU average, especially those which recently became members of the European Union. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Computational estimation of pKa values
Authors: Seybold Paul G. , Shields George C. 
Published: March 2015

The pKa of a compound is one of its most important properties as it defines the specific molecular forms that will prevail under different pH conditions. Accordingly, accurate means for computational estimation of this property are of particular interest. Two main techniques for this purpose have emerged: (1) a first principles approach that relies on basic physical concepts and requires high computational resources, but is independent of experimental input and (2) a linear free energy or quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) approach that combines molecular structural and energetic descriptors with available experimental pKa data to reduce computational demand and yield good accuracy. In this overview, these methods are described and their advantages and limitations are noted. WIREs Comput Mol Sci 2015, 5:290–297. doi: 10.1002/wcms.1218This article is categorized under:

Structure and Mechanism > Molecular Structures
Structure and Mechanism > Computational Biochemistry and Biophysics
Computer and Information Science > Chemoinformatics
Future energy system development depends on past learning opportunities
Authors: Wene Clas‐Otto 
Published: March 2015

Learning curves pervade all levels of industry and suggest deployment programs to buy down the cost of presently too expensive environment‐friendly technologies. However, the legitimate role of learning curves in a low‐carbon strategy depends on the validity of extrapolations and forecasts of the curves. Moving toward a technology‐led strategy for a low‐carbon energy system requires understanding of the learning mechanisms and their stability. The first part of this review provides examples of pervasive learning and a brief literature survey of recent learning curve measurements for energy technologies and the use of learning curves for scenario and policy analysis. The second part reviews how authors from two different perspectives understand the learning curves and come to different conclusions about their stability and legitimate role in scenario analysis and policy making.WIREs Energy Environ2016, 5:16–32. doi: 10.1002/wene.172This article is categorized under:Energy Systems Economics > Economics and PolicyEnergy and Climate > Economics and PolicyEnergy Policy and Planning > Economics and PolicyEnergy Research & Innovation > Economics and Policy
X‐ray fluorescence of archived bone samples: are raised Pb levels a chance finding or an association with Paget's disease?
Authors: Egden Lesley M , Nguyen Khanh , Chettle David R , Butler Richard , Inskip Michael J , Webber Colin E 
Published: March 2015

The K‐shell X‐ray fluorescence technique that was developed for measurement of lead in bone in living human subjects was applied to measurement of lead in archived human bone samples. The skull from a person who had suffered from Paget's disease was found to have lead concentrations of 97.5±3.6–532.2±3.2 µg Pb/g bone mineral. A femur sample from a different person, who had also suffered from Paget's disease, had a lead concentration of 18–43.5 with uncertainties between 1.6 and 2.0 µg Pb/g bone mineral. The skull lead concentrations were highly raised compared with findings from in vivo bone Pb measurements, whereas the femur lead concentrations were somewhat raised.In the past, the hypothesis has been put forward that lead can be involved in the etiology of Paget's disease; however, other reports in the literature have not supported that hypothesis. The current findings, while intriguing, are too few to be in any way conclusive but merit further study. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of Dicarboxylato Ligands on the Self‐Assembly of Two Cadmium(II) Coordination Polymers Containing Multidentate N‐donor Ligands
Authors: Kan Wei‐Qiu , Wen Shi‐Zheng , Hu Hua‐You , An Li‐Tao , Kan Yu‐He 
Published: March 2015

AbstractTwo CdII‐containing coordination polymers based on a multidentate N‐donor ligand and two structure‐related dicarboxylate ions, namely, [Cd2(3,4′‐tmbpt)(o‐bdc)2]·2H2O (1) and [Cd2(3,4′‐tmbpt)2(p‐bdc)2]·6.5H2O (2) [3,4′‐tmbpt = 1‐((1H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐1‐yl)methyl)‐3‐(4‐pyridyl)‐5‐(3‐pyridyl)‐1,2,4‐triazole, o‐H2bdc = 1,2‐benzenedicarboxylic acid, and p‐H2bdc = 1,4‐benzenedicarboxylic acid], were prepared under hydrothermal conditions. The structures of the two compounds were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis and further characterized by infrared spectra (IR) and elemental analysis. Compound 1 is a 3D framework containing infinite Cd–O chains. Compound 2 displays a 2D → 2D interdigitated architecture. The effect of the dicarboxylate ions on the structures of the compounds was discussed. Moreover, the optical bandgaps and photoluminescent properties of the compounds were investigated.