bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les missions politiques de la gendarmerie en Maine-et-Loire sous la monarchie de Juillet et le Second Empire
Authors: Aubert Christophe 
Published: February 2013

Depuis la Révolution française, dans le cadre de ses missions traditionnelles, la gendarmerie nationale exerce une surveillance continue et répressive pour la sûreté des campagnes et des grandes routes. Mais, ce qui est moins connu, elle s’est vue attribuer au xixe siècle des compétences plus politiques : surveillance des mouvements d’opinions, recherche des crimes et délits attentatoires à la sûreté et à l’intégrité de l’état. Le corps a alors été étroitement associé, avec les autres composantes de la force publique (garde nationale, armée notamment…), à la répression des délits politiques. Ce fut le cas notamment lors des troubles légitimistes contre le gouvernement de Louis Philippe après juillet 1830 et à l’occasion des insurrections républicaines sous le Second Empire, avec Napoléon III.
La garde de Paris sous l’ère des transitions politiques
Authors: Cardoni Fabien 
Published: February 2013

La garde de Paris est le corps de gendarmerie spécialement en charge du maintien de l’ordre dans la capitale. Cette mission, toute politique, l’amène à jouer différents rôles dans les processus de transition politique. Son statut, ses effectifs, son nom même sont régulièrement modifiés en fonction de l’évolution du contexte politique et des risques insurrectionnels. Les conditions d’emploi de ce corps varient également, tendant vers un maintien de l’ordre moins violent. Enfin, les gardes, qui sont aussi des électeurs jusqu’en 1872, veillent au déroulement pacifique des élections. Cet article a pour objet de définir les interactions entre la garde et les diverses transitions politiques parisiennes du xixe siècle.
D’une légalité à l’autre : gendarmerie et épurations, 1815-1816
Authors: Ebel Édouard 
Published: February 2013

Les années 1815 et 1816 constituent à bien des égards une période de mutation pour la gendarmerie, qui est frappée de plein fouet par une importante purge administrative. L’inspection générale, supprimée d’un trait de plume le 24 juillet 1815, est diluée dans la division de la gendarmerie et de la police militaire du ministère de la Guerre. Les mesures frappent principalement les grandes figures de la gendarmerie impériale et les officiers supérieurs : 82 % des colonels, 85 % des chefs d’escadron sont ainsi écartés. L’épuration des sous-officiers et gendarmes est également importante dans la mesure où près d’un militaire sur trois est placé en situation de retraite ou congédié. Ces hommes sont remplacés pour partie par des volontaires royaux, choisis surtout pour leur fidélité au roi. Ce bouleversement dans le recrutement marque une volonté de politisation de ce corps.
A Peptide Antagonist Disrupts NK Cell Inhibitory Synapse Formation
Authors: Borhis Gwenoline , Ahmed Parvin S. , Mbiribindi Bérénice , Naiyer Mohammed M. , Davis Daniel M. , Purbhoo Marco A. , Khakoo Salim I. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Productive engagement of MHC class I by inhibitory NK cell receptors depends on the peptide bound by the MHC class I molecule. Peptide:MHC complexes that bind weakly to killer cell Ig-like receptors (KIRs) can antagonize the inhibition mediated by high-affinity peptide:MHC complexes and cause NK cell activation. We show that low-affinity peptide:MHC complexes stall inhibitory signaling at the step of Src homology protein tyrosine phosphatase 1 recruitment and do not go on to form the KIR microclusters induced by high-affinity peptide:MHC, which are associated with Vav dephosphorylation and downstream signaling. Furthermore, the low-affinity peptide:MHC complexes prevented the formation of KIR microclusters by high-affinity peptide:MHC. Thus, peptide antagonism of NK cells is an active phenomenon of inhibitory synapse disruption.
CD4+ T Cell–Depleted Lymphocyte Infusion Impairs Neither the Recovery of Recipient Thymus nor the Development of Transplanted Thymus
Authors: Shi Ming , Li Ming , Cui Yunze , Liu Lin , Adachi Yasushi , Ikehara Susumu 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Thymus transplantation, in conjunction with bone marrow transplantation (BMT), has been attracting attention for the treatment of various diseases. Recently, donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) has been used as a helpful tool for establishing donor chimerism and preventing a relapse of leukemia/lymphoma. However, the effects of DLI on transplanted and recipient thymuses have not been explored. We therefore performed DLI in the intrabone marrow–BMT + thymus transplantation setting. We have found that DLI leads to derangements in both recipient thymuses and transplanted thymuses; by 2 wk after BMT, we saw a decrease in total cell number, a lower percentage of CD4+CD8+ cells, and the obliteration of the thymic corticomedullary junction. Four weeks later, the thymic impairment became more serious. However, when we depleted the CD4+ T cells (CD4−-DLI), the recipient thymic recovery and transplanted thymic development were significantly restored by the treatment. In addition, there were much greater levels of TNF-α and Fas ligand, and a lower percentage of regulatory T cells in the DLI group than in the CD4−-DLI group. These findings indicate that inflammation induced by DLI, especially by CD4+ T cells, plays a crucial role in the thymic impairment.
The New Christian Rhetoric of Origen
Authors: Duncan Michael 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTThis article explores Contra Celsum as the extant text most representative of the homiletician, philosopher, and scholar Origen's thoughts on rhetoric, which have been underexplored. The Contra Celsum addresses several practical problems facing third-century Christianity, among them the conversion of mixed audiences, the usefulness of pagan rhetoric, and the protection and delivery of the newly canonized New Testament and its divine proofs. Origen's conception of a separate Christian rhetoric that attempts to solve these problems predates and possibly informs the union of Christian and pagan rhetoric in Augustine's De doctrina christiana.
Hope in Multiple Sclerosis: A Nursing Perspective
Authors: Morgante Linda 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Feelings of hopelessness are common in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), which poses a significant threat to an individual's independence and feelings of competence. Because hope has been shown to play an important role in health and coping during chronic illness, it is critical for the MS provider to understand the elements of hope and recognize when the person with MS is struggling with feelings of hopelessness. The MS nurse is the pivotal player in ensuring that the individual with MS maintains a sense of hope throughout the illness. In addition to providing education, counseling and referrals, the nurse can help the MS patient focus on feelings and ideas, recognize personal reasons for living, and establish both short-term and long-term goals.
Longitudinal Assessment of Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQL) of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Hopman Wilma M. , Coo Helen , Brunet Donald G. , Edgar Catherine M. , Singer Michael A. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Over the past decade, health-related quality of life (HRQL) has become an important tool for assessing health status. To evaluate factors that could influence changes in HRQL over time, we surveyed multiple sclerosis (MS) patients who had completed the Medical Outcomes Trust 36-item Health Survey (SF-36) as part of a cross-sectional analysis of HRQL in 1994. Of the 100 subjects in the original study, 45 provided follow-up surveys in 1998.
The 1998 Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score was obtained from patient records. Disease severity (mild, moderate, or severe) was derived from the EDSS score. Differences from baseline scores for the eight domains and the two summary scales of the SF-36 were calculated. Patients were stratified by sex, baseline disease severity, and change in disease severity, to determine if any of these factors were associated with changes in HRQL.
A significant decline in health status was observed in the physical functioning, role physical, general health, and social functioning domains and on the physical component summary of the SF-36. In contrast, slightly over half the group showed an improvement in the mental health domain. Baseline disease severity was not significantly associated with changes in HRQL. However, change in disease severity was associated with change in the role emotional domain. Also, men showed significantly more deterioration than women in the role emotional domain. There were several meaningful changes in HRQL over time in this small sample. Additional studies are warranted to investigate associated factors. This may lead to a better understanding of HRQL for MS patients, and ultimately to improved patient care.
The super‐recogniser advantage extends to the detection of hyper‐realistic face masks
Authors: Robertson David J. , Davis Josh P. , Sanders Jet G. , Towler Alice 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHyper‐realistic silicone masks provide a viable route to identity fraud. Over the last decade, more than 40 known criminal acts have been committed by perpetrators using this type of disguise. With the increasing availability and bespoke sophistication of these masks, research must now focus on ways to enhance their detection. In this study, we investigate whether super‐recognisers (SRs), people who excel at identity recognition, are more likely to detect this type of fraud, in comparison to typical‐recogniser controls. Across three tasks, we examined mask detection rates in the absence of a pre‐task prompt (covert task), and again after making participants aware of their use in criminal settings (explicit task). Finally, participants were asked to indicate which aspects of the masks could support their detection (regions of interest task). The findings show an SR advantage for the detection of hyper‐realistic masks across the covert and explicit mask detection tasks. In addition, the eye, mouth, and nose regions appear to be particularly indicative of the presence of a mask. The lack of natural skin texture, proportional features, expressiveness, and asymmetry are also salient cues. The theoretical and applied implications of these findings are discussed.
Does presentation size of instructional materials influence the split‐attention effect?
Authors: Zhang Shirong , de Koning Bjorn B. , Paas Fred 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe split‐attention effect posits that learning outcomes are negatively impacted when interrelated text and graphics are spatially segregated rather than cohesively integrated. This study explored how the instructional material's presentation size influences the manifestation of the split‐attention effect. Based on cognitive load theory and perceptual load theory, we hypothesized that elevated information density in a compact presentation format would attenuate the advantage of integrated text and graphics, thereby diminishing the salience of the split‐attention effect relative to a more expansive presentation size. University students (n = 146) studied a split‐attention format or integrated format in either large or small presentation size. Results on retention and comprehension tests and extraneous cognitive load ratings revealed no effects of instructional format, presentation size or their interaction. The present results call for a more nuanced understanding of the split‐attention effect and suggest additional research to explore its cognitive foundations.
Time‐Space‐Coding Radiation‐Stealth Metasurface with Amplitude‐Phase Co‐Modulation
Authors: Mu Yajie , Xia Dexiao , Han Jiaqi , Ma Xiangjin , Wang Xin , Liu Haixia , Li Long 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe integrated design of radiation and stealth holds significant importance for radar communication and camouflage. Currently, radar systems primarily rely on radomes for off‐band stealth. However, achieving in‐band stealth by radomes and absorbing materials is challenging. Even more challenging is the dynamic control of both in‐band radiation and stealth. Therefore, a novel space‐time‐coding metasurface is proposed for radiation and stealth modes regulation. By adjusting the two PIN diodes loaded on the meta‐atom, switching between radiation and scattering modes can be achieved. A 1‐bit reflection phase can be achieved in the scattering mode. The stealth is achieved by controlling the scattering properties of the metasurface. In the radiation mode, 2‐bit phase modulation is achieved by separately controlling the PIN diodes on the meta‐atom and the 3 dB coupler. Additionally, by varying the size of the meta‐atom in the y‐polarization direction, a 1‐bit reflection phase also can be achieved. To validate the proposed radiation‐stealth metasurface characteristics, a 12 × 12 prototype is fabricated. This prototype demonstrates important functionalities, including dual‐mode radiation, amplitude‐phase co‐modulation space‐time‐coding stealth, and space‐coding stealth.
Boronic Acid‐Rich Lanthanide Metal‐Organic Frameworks Enable Deep Proteomics with Ultratrace Biological Samples
Authors: Zhang Shuang , Ghalandari Behafarid , Chen Youming , Wang Qingwen , Liu Kun , Sun Xinyi , Ding Xinwen , Song Sunfengda , Jiang Lai , Ding Xianting 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLabel‐free proteomics is widely used to identify disease mechanism and potential therapeutic targets. However, deep proteomics with ultratrace clinical specimen remains a major technical challenge due to extensive contact loss during complex sample pretreatment. Here, a hybrid of four boronic acid‐rich lanthanide metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) with high protein affinity is introduced to capture proteins in ultratrace samples jointly by nitrogen‐boronate complexation, cation‐π and ionic interactions. A MOFs Aided Sample Preparation (MASP) workflow that shrinks sample volume and integrates lysis, protein capture, protein digestion and peptide collection steps into a single PCR tube to minimize sample loss caused by non‐specific absorption, is proposed further. MASP is validated to quantify ≈1800 proteins in 10 HEK‐293T cells. MASP is applied to profile cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteome from cerebral stroke and brain damaged patients, and identified ≈3700 proteins in 1 µL CSF. MASP is further demonstrated to detect ≈9600 proteins in as few as 50 µg mouse brain tissues. MASP thus enables deep, scalable, and reproducible proteome on precious clinical samples with low abundant proteins.
Unraveling the Role of the Stoichiometry of Atomic Layer Deposited Nickel Cobalt Oxides on the Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: van Limpt Renée T. M. , Lao Mengmeng , Tsampas Mihalis N. , Creatore Mariadriana 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNickel cobalt oxides (NCOs) are promising, non‐precious oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts. However, the stoichiometry‐dependent electrochemical behavior makes it crucial to understand the structure‐OER relationship. In this work, NCO thin film model systems are prepared using atomic layer deposition. In‐depth film characterization shows the phase transition from Ni‐rich rock‐salt films to Co‐rich spinel films. Electrochemical analysis in 1 m KOH reveals a synergistic effect between Co and Ni with optimal performance for the 30 at.% Co film after 500 CV cycles. Electrochemical activation correlates with film composition, specifically increasing activation is observed for more Ni‐rich films as its bulk transitions to the active (oxy)hydroxide phase. In parallel to this transition, the electrochemical surface area (ECSA) increases up to a factor 8. Using an original approach, the changes in ECSA are decoupled from intrinsic OER activity, leading to the conclusion that 70 at.% Co spinel phase NCO films are intrinsically the most active. The studies point to a chemical composition dependent OER mechanism: Co‐rich spinel films show instantly high activities, while the more sustainable Ni‐rich rock‐salt films require extended activation to increase the ECSA and OER performance. The results highlight the added value of working with model systems to disclose structure‐performance mechanisms.
Chiral‐induced highly efficient NIR–photothermal conversion of perylene diimide@silica nanocapsules for photothermal therapy
Authors: Zhao Yue , An Fuhao , Wu Jichao , Li Haining , Wang Xueyu , Jiao Lanya , Kong Ying , Zhu Jinghan , Sun Xun , Li Xu , Wang Miao , Zhang Yu , Sun Xuan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPhotothermal agents (PTAs) with ultra‐high photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE) activated upon near‐infrared (NIR) laser irradiation can heat up and destroy tumor cells under low‐intensity laser excitation to allow safe and efficient tumor therapy. Herein, an organic PTA with an outstanding PCE of 89.6% is developed from rationally designed perylene diimide (PDI) with electron‐donating cyclohexylamine moiety at the bay‐positions of its skeleton and chiral phenethylamine (PEA) moiety at its N terminals, termed here PEAPDI. The strong intermolecular interaction between the PDI skeletons induced by PEA together with the intramolecular charge transfer from cyclohexylamine to PDI skeleton severely quenches the fluorescence emission from PEAPDI and significantly enhances its NIR absorption, resulting in super NIR–photothermal conversion. PEAPDI molecules are subsequently encapsulated within silica nanocapsules (SNCs), creating PEAPDI@SNC. Characterized by its small hydrodynamic diameter, monodispersity, high PDI encapsulation efficiency, colloidal stability, and biocompatibility, PEAPDI@SNC exhibits prolonged blood circulation and enhanced permeability and retention effect, enabling targeted accumulation at the tumor site. An in vivo study using a 4T1 tumor–bearing mice model illustrates the agent's potent tumor ablation capability without side effects at low dosage under NIR laser irradiation (808 nm). The findings demonstrate PEAPDI@SNC's significant potential as a PTA for tumor treatment.
Vision‐Based Online Key Point Estimation of Deformable Robots
Authors: Zheng Hehui , Pinzello Sebastian , Cangan Barnabas Gavin , Buchner Thomas J. K. , Katzschmann Robert K. 
Published: July 2024

The precise control of soft and continuum robots requires knowledge of their shape, which has, in contrast to classical rigid robots, infinite degrees of freedom. To partially reconstruct the shape, proprioceptive techniques use built‐in sensors, resulting in inaccurate results and increased fabrication complexity. Exteroceptive methods so far rely on expensive tracking systems with reflective markers placed on all components, which are infeasible for deformable robots interacting with the environment due to marker occlusion and damage. Here, a regression approach is presented for three‐dimensional key point estimation using a convolutional neural network. The proposed approach uses data‐driven supervised learning and is capable of online markerless estimation during inference. Two images of a robotic system are captured simultaneously at 25 Hz from different perspectives and fed to the network, which returns for each pair the parameterized key point or piecewise constant curvature shape representations. The proposed approach outperforms markerless state‐of‐the‐art methods by a maximum of 4.5% in estimation accuracy while being more robust and requiring no prior knowledge of the shape. Online evaluations on two types of soft robotic arms and a soft robotic fish demonstrate the method's accuracy and versatility on highly deformable systems.
Current Developments in Michael Addition Reaction using Heterocycles as Convenient Michael Donors
Authors: Samanta Barsha , Shankar Panda Bhabani , Mohapatra Seetaram , Nayak Sabita 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe Michael addition reaction, a cornerstone of contemporary organic synthesis, has witnessed a resurgence of interest owing to its ability to forge intricate carbon‐carbon and carbon‐heteroatom bonds. In the past few years, heterocyclic compounds have been rigorously used as Michael donors, owing to their architectural diversity and distinct reactivity with or without the presence of base/transition metals/organocatalysts. This review encapsulates the latest breakthroughs in chemistry involving Michael addition reaction using heterocyclic compounds as Michael donors. It delivers a comprehensive update on developments in Michael addition reaction triggered by potent heterocycles since 2017, highlighting novel and innovative methodologies, with strategic insights.
One‐Step Construction of 9,10‐Diarylphenanthrenes Using Solid Calcium Carbide as an Alternative of Gaseous Acetylene
Authors: Liu Zhenrong , Wang Zhiqiang , Li Zheng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA convenient method for the construction of 9,10‐diarylphenanthrenes through one‐pot multicomponent reactions of iodoarenes, o‐bromobenzoic acids, and calcium carbide is described. A series of target compounds are efficiently synthesized via Csp2−H activation and the simultaneous construction of five C−C bonds. The salient features of this method are the use of inexpensive and easy‐to‐handle solid alkyne source as an alternative of flammable and explosive gaseous acetylene. Meanwhile the use of commercially available substrates, wide functional tolerance, and simple workup procedure are also advantage of this protocol. In addition, the corresponding products can also be synthesized on gram scale.
Elektrochemische Gerüst‐Editierung von Indolen durch Stickstoffatom‐Insertion mit nachhaltiger Sauerstoff‐Reduktionsreaktion
Authors: Zhang Bo‐Sheng , Homölle Simon L. , Bauch Tristan , Oliveira João C. A. , Warratz Svenja , Yuan Binbin , Gou Xue‐Ya , Ackermann Lutz 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMolekulares Editieren hat in letzter Zeit stark an Bedeutung gewonnen und sich als einzigartiges Werkzeug für Late‐Stage Diversifizierungen erwiesen. Bislang waren für die Indol‐Editierung meist überstöchiometrische Mengen an teuren hochvalenten Iod(III)‐Reagenzien erforderlich. Im Gegensatz dazu zeigen wir hier, dass Elektrizität nachhaltige Stickstoffatom‐Insertionsreaktionen ermöglicht, um bio‐relevante Chinazolin‐Gerüste ohne stöchiometrische chemische Redox‐Abfallprodukte zu erhalten. Die Übergangsmetall freie Elektro‐Editierung wurde durch die Sauerstoff‐Reduktionsreaktion (ORR) ermöglicht und erwies sich in großem Maßstab als robust, wobei eine Vielzahl wertvoller funktioneller Gruppen toleriert wurden.
Molecular Engineering Regulation Achieving Out‐of‐Plane Polarization in Rare‐Earth Hybrid Double Perovskites for Ferroelectrics and Circularly Polarized Luminescence
Authors: Wang Na , Xu Ze‐Jiang , Ni Hao‐Fei , Luo Wang , Li Hua‐Kai , Ren Mei‐Ling , Shi Chao , Ye Heng‐Yun , Fu Xiao‐Bin , Zhang Yi , Miao Le‐Ping 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOut‐of‐plane polarization is a highly desired property of two‐dimensional (2D) ferroelectrics for application in vertical sandwich‐type photoferroelectric devices, especially in ultrathin ferroelectronic devices. Nevertheless, despite great advances that have been made in recent years, out‐of‐plane polarization remains unrealized in the 2D hybrid double perovskite ferroelectric family. Here, from our previous work 2D hybrid double perovskite HQERN ((S3HQ)4EuRb(NO3)8, S3HQ=S‐3‐hydroxylquinuclidinium), we designed a molecular strategy of F‐substitution on organic component to successfully obtain FQERN ((S3FQ)4EuRb(NO3)8, S3FQ=S‐3‐fluoroquinuclidinium) showing circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) response. Remarkably, compared to the monopolar axis ferroelectric HQERN, FQERN not only shows multiferroicity with the coexistence of multipolar axis ferroelectricity and ferroelasticity but also realizes out‐of‐plane ferroelectric polarization and a dramatic enhancement of Curie temperature of 94 K. This is mainly due to the introduction of F‐substituted organic cations, which leads to a change in orientation and a reduction in crystal lattice void occupancy. Our study demonstrates that F‐substitution is an efficient strategy to realize and optimize ferroelectric functional characteristics, giving more possibility of 2D ferroelectric materials for applications in micro‐nano optoelectronic devices.