bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
5‐alpha‐reductase inhibitors and the risk of diabetes mellitus: A nationwide population‐based study
Authors: Lee Shang‐Sen , Yang Yu‐Wan , Tsai Tsung‐Hsun , Kuo Yu‐Hung , Chuang Hsun‐Yang , Lee Ching‐Chih , Hsieh Teng‐Fu 
Published: September 2015

BACKGROUNDThis nationwide population‐based study investigated the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) after 5‐alpha‐reductase inhibitor (5ARI) therapy for benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) using the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) in Taiwan.METHODSIn total, 1,298 adult patients newly diagnosed with BPH and who used more than 28 cumulative defined daily doses (cDDD) of 5ARI were recruited as the therapy group cohort, along with 1,2887 subjects who did not use more than 28 cDDD of 5ARI as a control group from 2002 to 2009. Each patient was monitored for 5 years (from 2003 to 2008) to identify those who subsequently developed type 2 DM. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to compare the risk of type 2 DM between the study and comparison cohorts after adjusting for possible confounding risk factors.RESULTSPatients who received 5ARI therapy had a lower cumulative rate of type 2 DM than those who did not receive 5ARI during the five‐year follow‐up period (3.5% vs. 5.3%, P = 0.003). In sub‐group analysis, among the BPH patients aged <65 years, the five‐year type 2 DM events hazard ratio (HR) of 5ARI users was lower than that of nonusers (HR: 0.47, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.24–0.91; P = 0.026).CONCLUSIONSTherapy with 5ARI may decrease the five‐year risk of type 2 DM in the BPH patients younger than 65 years. Further mechanistic research is warranted to validate the results. Prostate 76:41–47, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Paper No P03: Optical Switching of Scattering Mode Liquid Crystal Light Shutters
Authors: Cheng Ko‐Ting , Liu Yen‐Chen , Fuh Andy Ying‐Guey 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWe report that the isothermal phase transition induced by photoisomerization of azobenzene liquid crystals (azo‐LCs) from trans‐ to cis‐isomers results in the dissolution of poly(N‐vinylcarbazole) (PVK) into azo‐LCs. All‐optically controllable and highly efficient scattering mode light modulators based on PVK films and its re‐form mechanism were demonstrated.
Paper No P07: Saliency‐Based Backlight Regulation Method for LCD Display
Authors: Sung Park Jae , Hwang Insung , Cho Nam Ik 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis paper presents a backlight unit (BLU) control method of the liquid crystal display devices for improving the quality of visually important regions in a scene. The proposed method dims and boosts the levels of the BLU blocks according to the saliency map and pixel distribution of input images. Simulation results indicate that users can feel improved visual quality without the increase of power consumption.
Paper No P19: Characteristic of Thermal Behavior and Optical Performance of AC Powder Electroluminescence Panel under Controlled Temperature
Authors: Yu Wen Zhi , Zhang Shuai , Teo Jin Wah Ronnie , Tan Chuan Seng , Wong T. K. S. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe self‐heating phenomenon and optical performance of the powder‐based AC electroluminescence panel under controlled temperature have been investigated. Both the self‐heating temperature and the temperature coefficient of luminance were found to increase with drive voltage and frequency.
Paper No S1.1: Photoaligned Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals: The New Horizons in Physics and Applications (Invited Paper)
Authors: Chigrinov Vladimir G. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractPhotoaligned ferroelectric liquid crystals are described. The new electrooptical modes as well as their new applications in displays and photonics are highlighted. Electrically suppressed helix (ESH) mode was considered as the most promising one.
Paper No S1.4: “Continuous” Nanoscale Patterned Photoalignment for Thin Film Pancharatnam‐Berry Phase Diffractive Lens
Authors: Tam A. M. W. , Fan F. , Chen H. S. , Tao D. , Chigrinov V.G. , Kwok H. S. , Lin Y. S. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn this paper, we disclosed the realization of a “continuous” nano‐structured alignment patterning for thin film Pancharatnam‐Berry phase (PBP) diffractive lens by the use of spatially linear polarized light converter technology. High optical quality thin liquid crystal polymer (LCP) film PBP lens with F number of 45.4 and a diffraction efficiency of 95.5%, operating in blue visible region has been demonstrated. The concave and convex polarization dependent property of the lens can be clearly observed by human eye, which is attractive in many display applications, for example, bifocal lens for eye glasses; camera zoom system; and polarization imaging.
Paper No S12.1: Architectures of Oxide TFT for High Resolution Display (Invited Paper)
Authors: Park S.‐H. Ko , Hwang C.‐S. , Yeom H. I. , Ko J. B. , Cho S. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn this paper, we present the architecture of oxide TFT selected from diverse TFT structures for the application to the high resolution mobile display. Due to the selection of proper materials and process, we can achieve highly stable BCE TFT and show the promise of vertical oxide TFT with the smallest TFT footprint.
Paper No S13.3: Optical Characterization of OLED Displays
Authors: Boher Pierre , Leroux Thierry , Collomb‐Patton Véronique , Bignon Thibault 
Published: September 2015

AbstractOLED displays are more and more used for many applications because of their interesting characteristics. Nevertheless, in spite of their high contrast ratio, wide viewing angle, and very fast response time, OLED displays are not perfect and require good manufacturing control to achieve optimized optical properties. In the present paper, we apply different types of optical characterizations to such displays (viewing angle, homogeneity, and response time) and we point out their specificities with regards to other types of displays. Since each blue, green, or red sub‐pixel is an independent emitter of light, it is useful to study the light emission of each type of sub‐pixel separately.
Paper No S4.3: Printed Circuit and OLED on Foldable Paper Substrates
Authors: Jo Sung Min , Chin Byung Doo 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn this article, we describe the fabrication of stable silver‐graphene composite electrode pattern and organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) on the surface‐modified paper substrates. Relative conductance and light emission efficiency of OLED was evaluated for folding cycle and angle. In case of inside folding up to 180° and 1000 cycle, more than 85% of initial conductance was remained at nanowire‐graphene composite circuits.
Paper No S4.4: Colored OLED With a Multilayered Graphene Electrode for Light‐Adaptable Displays
Authors: Kwon Byoung‐Hwa , Lee Hyunkoo , Lim Jong Tae , Cho Seong M. , Han Jun‐Han , Yang Jong‐Heon , Cheon Sang Hoon , Kim Tae‐Youb , Cho Nam Sung , Yu Byoung‐Gon , Hwang Chi‐Sun , Lim Seong Chu , Lee Jeong‐Ik 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn this work, we report reflective colored organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) integrated with color‐selective reflective filter (CSRF) and transparent OLEDs functioning as the reflective and emissive mode. To fabricate transparent OLEDs with low‐reflective anode, the dry bonding technology of graphene anode was developed.
Paper No S7.3: Holographic Direct View System With 4K2K LCOS SLM and LED Reconstruction Light Source
Authors: Chiu Po‐Sheng , Chen Cheng‐Huan , Chiang Wilbur Wei‐Chen 
Published: September 2015

AbstractInstead of using laser as light source to generate hologram, light‐emitting diode (LED) was used together with 4K2K liquid crystal on silicon (LCOS) panel to reconstruct LED light and enter computer generated hologram to LCOS panel, to generate interface pattern. Near eye holographic display is produced with off axis optical structure. 4K2K panel diffraction efficiency comparison between LED and laser is also measured.
Paper No S8.2: Quantifying the Ability of Individuals With Macular Disease to See and Read Content on Virtual and Augmented Reality Devices
Authors: Moshtael Howard , Fu Lanxing , Underwood Ian , Dhillon Baljean 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA pilot study has been conducted to measure the ability of subjects with macular disease to read content on smart glasses and a smartphone headset. Compared to reading text on paper, participants could read text an average size of 30% smaller on the smart glasses and approximately the same size on the smartphone.
Paper No S9.3: 3‐D Grayscale Images Generation on Optically Rewritable Electronic Paper
Authors: Zhang W. , Sun J. , Srivastava A. K. , Chigrinov V. G. , Kwok H. S. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractOptically Rewritable Electronic Paper (ORW E‐Paper) is based on the optically addressed bi‐stable display which needn't any power to display the image after being uploaded. In this article, we disclose an easy and practical method to generate 3‐D grayscale images on the ORW E‐Paper by using a grating mask and printed transparent films and written by polarized blue LED light.
Osteogenic growth peptide and its use as a bio‐conjugate in regenerative medicine applications
Authors: Policastro Gina M. , Becker Matthew L. 
Published: September 2015

For nearly 2000 years, biomaterials have been used as damaged tissue implants. A field that started with wood and gold tissue replacements has evolved into an advanced science which combines ideas of cellular biology, engineering, and synthetic chemistry to produce bioresorbable materials capable of directing specific cell responses. With the overwhelming number of failed bone defect repairs every year, bone tissue engineering has become an important area of study. Both naturally occurring and synthetic polymeric materials have shown promising results for bone regeneration with their wide range of mechanical and degradation properties. Despite their favorable properties, these materials are limited by their lack of the biological cues necessary for enhanced bone formation and osteogenic differentiation. For this reason, naturally occurring growth factors, such as osteogenic growth peptide (OGP), have been studied for use in bone tissue engineering constructs to elicit more efficient bone healing. OGP functionalization of bioresorbable polymers has been shown to enhance regeneration of bone and osteogenic differentiation of stem cells in defect models. Vast improvements in bone tissue engineering constructs have been made possible through the use of OGP as a functional bio‐conjugate. As this field continues to expand, the hopes of overcoming the limitations of current bone defect repair treatment methods is becoming a reality. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2016, 8:449–464. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1376This article is categorized under:

Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies
Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanotechnology in Tissue Repair and Replacement
Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Peptide-Based Structures
Epigenetics of sex determination in mammals
Authors: Tachibana Makoto 
Published: September 2015

AbstractEpigenetics is the study of changes in gene function that cannot be explained by changes in DNA sequence. A mammalian body contains more than two hundred types of cells. Since all of them are derived from a single fertilized egg, their genotypes are identical. However, the gene expression patterns are different between the cell types, indicating that each cell type has unique own “epigenotype”. Epigenetic gene regulation mechanisms essentially contribute to various processes of mammalian development. The essence of epigenetic regulation is the structural change of chromatin to modulate gene activity in a spatiotemporal manner. DNA methylation and histone modifications are the major epigenetic mechanisms. Sex determination is the process for gender establishment. There are two types of sex‐determining mechanisms in animals, environmental sex determination (ESD) and genotypic sex determination (GSD). Recent studies have provided some evidence that epigenetic mechanisms play indispensable roles in ESD and GSD. Some fishes undergo ESD, in which DNA methylation is essentially involved. GSD is employed in therian mammals, where Sry (sex‐determining region on the Y chromosome) triggers testis differentiation from undifferentiated gonads. Sry expression is tightly regulated in a spatiotemporal manner. A recent study demonstrated that histone modification is involved in Sry regulation. In this review, we discuss the role of epigenetic mechanisms for sex determination in mammals and other vertebrates.
Clustering Embedded Approaches for Efficient Information Network Inference
Authors: Hu Qingbo , Xie Sihong , Lin Shuyang , Wang Senzhang , Yu Philip S. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractNowadays, the message diffusion links among users or Web sites drive the development of countless innovative applications. However, in reality, it is easier for us to observe the time stamps when different nodes in the network react on a message, while the connections empowering the diffusion of the message remain hidden. This motivates recent extensive studies on thenetwork inference problem: unveiling the edges from the records of messages disseminated through them. Existing solutions are computationally expensive, which motivates us to develop an efficient two-step general framework,Clustering Embedded Network Inference(CENI). CENI integrates clustering strategies to improve the efficiency of network inference. By clustering nodes directly on the time lines of messages, we propose two naive implementations of CENI:Infection-centric CENIandCascade-centric CENI. Additionally, we point out thecritical dimensionproblem of CENI: Instead of one-dimensional time lines, we need to first project the nodes to an Euclidean space of certain dimension before clustering. A CENI adopting clustering method on the projected space can better preserve the structure hidden in the cascades and generate more accurately inferred links. By addressing the critical dimension problem, we propose the third implementation of the CENI framework:Projection-based CENI. Through extensive experiments on two real datasets, we show that the three CENI models only need around 20–50 % of the running time of state-of-the-art methods. Moreover, the inferred edges of Projection-based CENI preserve or even outperform the effectiveness of state-of-the-art methods.
Perceptual Knowledge and the Primacy of Judgment
Authors: STROUD BARRY 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT:Rather than asking how what we are aware of in perceptual experience can give us knowledge of the independent world, this paper asks what conditions we as knowers must fulfill, what capacities we must have, and what the ‘objects of perception’ must be in the competent exercise those capacities, if we are to have any such knowledge. It is argued that we must be capable of perceiving that such-and-such is so and thereby knowing by perception alone what is so in the world as it is independently of us.
Basic Racial Realism
Authors: GLASGOW JOSHUA , WOODWARD JONATHAN M. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT:In the debate over the reality of race, a three-way dispute has become entrenched: race is biologically real, socially real, or simply not real. These three theses have each enjoyed increasingly sophisticated defenses over roughly the past thirty years, but we argue here that this debate contains a lacuna: there is a fourth, mostly neglected, position that we call ‘basic racial realism.’ Basic racial realism says that though race is neither biologically real nor socially real, it is real all the same. Our goal is to establish this theory's credentials and provide it with initial support. It appears to be in a strong dialectical position and to nicely capture what many want from a theory of race.
Aristotle and Łukasiewicz on Existential Import
Authors: READ STEPHEN 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT:Jan Łukasiewicz's treatise on Aristotle's Syllogistic, published in the 1950s, has been very influential in framing the contemporary understanding of Aristotle's logical systems. However, Łukasiewicz's interpretation is based on a number of tendentious claims, not least, on the claim that the syllogistic was intended to apply only to nonempty terms. I show that this interpretation is not true to Aristotle's text and that a more coherent and faithful interpretation admits empty terms while maintaining all the relations of the traditional square of opposition.
I’m Losing the ‘Me’: Partners’ Experiences of Engagement with Parkinson's Health Professionals
Authors: Bolland Meredith , Guilfoyle Andrew , Bucks Romola S. 
Published: September 2015

Background: Partners of people with Parkinson's disease (PD) have first-hand knowledge relevant to the management of the person with Parkinson's (PwP). If captured, this knowledge may improve effective care for the PwP. However, there is a lack of research focusing primarily on partners’ experiences of engagement with health professionals working in PD (HPPs).Methods: Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was used to investigate the meaning of partners’ experiences of engagement with HPPs. Semi-structured interviews with 15 partners of PwP provided primary data. Each interview was digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed for emerging themes.Results: Three themes emerged: (i) partners’ lack of entitlement for their own needs to be met; (ii) submersion of self in the partnership and (iii) health professionals as agents of support. Additionally, sub-themes were identified, such as barriers to feeling entitled, setting up a premise for entitlement, and lost identity. Together, these themes highlight the current lack of focus on the partners of PwP. A process model was developed to describe partners’ cyclic progression through the various stages of their experience, and in the process, identifying initiatives for intervention.Conclusion: Given a lack of focus on the needs of partners of PwP, these preliminary insights could inform the delivery of improved services that support partners. This will ultimately benefit the PwP.
Influence of teat flow rate in commercial milk feeding systems on calf digestion and performance
Authors: McInnes R. , McInnes D. , Papworth R. , McIntyre A. 
Published: September 2015

SummarySeventy two, one day old Friesian heifer calves were fed whole milk either via regular or slow release teats on commercial calfeteria systems (Milkbar, McInnes Manufacturing Limited, Waipu, New Zealand) for 42 days. For the entire period, the consumption time for the calves fed on the regular flow rate teat calfeterias was twice as fast as for those fed using the slow teats. Meal intake was numerically higher for the calves fed milk using the slow teats. At day 42, calves on the slow teats had a strong trend towards higher daily gain. At 14 days of age, visual differences in curding were seen in the abomasum of culled calves, with the fast teat-fed animals having large lumps of curded milk surrounded by watery liquid, whereas the slow teat-fed calves had much smaller particle sized curding in thicker fluid. Lactose digestion in the stomach was significantly higher for the calves fed using the slow teats, and there was a strong trend for higher levels of free protein in the ileum. Using slow flow rate teats to feed calves from day old to weaning appears to have an important impact on digestive processes in the immature gut. Such improvements in digestion and rumen development in young calves may assist in the digestion of milk and other feeds, leading to improved growth performance. Under farm conditions, slow release teat systems may reduce scours and other digestive problems in young calves during peak milk intake (up to 15 d of age), due to increased ileal digestion of nutrients, preventing undigested nutrient flow to the hind gut. It may also reduce cross-sucking behaviour in calves, which is undesirable.
ELEGIAC AMOR AND MORS IN VIRGIL'S ‘ITALIAN ILIAD’: A CASE STUDY (AENEID 10.185−93)
Authors: McCallum Sarah L. 
Published: September 2015

In Book 10 of the Aeneid, Virgil presents an epic catalogue of Etruscan allies who return under Aeneas' command to the beleaguered Trojan camp (10.166–214), including the forces from Liguria. The account of the Ligurians initially conforms to the general pattern of the catalogue, as Virgil briefly introduces and describes the two leaders. But the description of Cupauo's swan-feather crest leads to a digression about the paternal origins of the avian symbol. Cupauo's father Cycnus, stricken with grief for his beloved Phaethon, was transformed from a mournful singer into the swan that bears his name (10.185–93):
non ego te, Ligurum ductor fortissime bello,transierim, Cinyre, et paucis comitate Cupauo,cuius olorinae surgunt de uertice pennae(crimen, Amor, uestrum) formaeque insigne paternae.namque ferunt luctu Cycnum Phaethontis amati,populeas inter frondes umbramque sororum 190dum canit et maestum Musa solatur amorem,canentem molli pluma duxisse senectamlinquentem terras et sidera uoce sequentem.
Virgil not only places the Ligurians in a central position within the catalogue, but also devotes more verses to them than to any other contingent, including his own Mantuans (10.198–206). At the very heart of this prominent passage lies the embedded tale of Cycnus, the erotic and sorrowful centrepiece of Virgil's Etruscan catalogue.
Global patterns of large copy number variations in the human genome reveal complexity in chromosome organization
Authors: VEERAPPA AVINASH M. , SURESH RAVIRAJ V. , VISHWESWARAIAH SANGEETHA , LINGAIAH KUSUMA , MURTHY MEGHA , MANJEGOWDA DINESH S. , PADAKANNAYA PRAKASH , RAMACHANDRA NALLUR B. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryGlobal patterns of copy number variations (CNVs) in chromosomes are required to understand the dynamics of genome organization and complexity. For this study, analysis was performed using the Affymetrix Genome-Wide Human SNP Array 6.0 chip and CytoScan High-Density arrays. We identified a total of 44 109 CNVs from 1715 genomes with a mean of 25 CNVs in an individual, which established the first drafts of population-specific CNV maps providing a rationale for prioritizing chromosomal regions. About 19 905 ancient CNVs were identified across all chromosomes and populations at varying frequencies. CNV count, and sometimes CNV size, contributed to the bulk CNV size of the chromosome. Population specific lengthening and shortening of chromosomal length was observed. Sex bias for CNV presence was largely dependent on ethnicity. Lower CNV inheritance rate was observed for India, compared to YRI and CEU. A total of 33 candidate CNV hotspots from 5382 copy number (CN) variable region (CNVR) clusters were identified. Population specific CNV distribution patterns in p and q arms disturbed the assumption that CNV counts in the p arm are less common compared to long arms, and the CNV occurrence and distribution in chromosomes is length independent. This study unraveled the force of independent evolutionary dynamics on genome organization and complexity across chromosomes and populations.
THE CRISIS OF 1803-1805 IN THE TWO CASTILES: FOODSTUFF, MORTALITY AND INSTITUTIONAL COLLAPSE
Authors: Llopis Enrique , Sánchez Felipa 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTThe essential aims of this article are: (1) to measure the magnitude of the crisis of 1803-1805 in the two Castiles; (2) to analyse the causes and consequences of this crisis. Among the main conclusions of this essay we would like to underline: (a) the 1803-1805 crisis led to a fall in the population of Castile of about 15 per cent; (b) the severe rise in the price of grains in those years was due to the bad harvests and the sparse working capacity of the municipal grain stores, but more than anything else it was the collapse of the market for this produce as a result of the prohibition of removing grain; (c) government measures to deal with the crisis were numerous and relatively bold, but not very effective; (d) the strong mobilisation of the people disrupted the working of some of the basic institutions of the Ancien Régime.