bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Public accountability and auditing: Why and when do state auditors conduct broad audits?
Authors: Natan‐Krup Dana , Mizrahi Shlomo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPublic servants who monitor and supervise the administrative and political systems must consider the extent to which they are willing to stretch the boundaries of their role for holding public servants accountable. We develop an analytical framework of the factors that influence the decisions of such officials, focusing on state auditors. Using new institutionalism, we suggest that the social, cultural, and political context figures more prominently in state auditors' strategic calculations than purely professional considerations or individual factors. This bottom‐up perspective sheds new light on the role of such officials in democratic systems, and their dependence on citizens' awareness and active support in promoting accountability. We illustrate the theoretical framework using examples from Israel.
Cuffed versus uncuffed endotracheal tubes in neonates undergoing noncardiac surgeries: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Sarhan Khaled , Walaa Rana , Hasanin Ahmed , Elgohary Manal , Alkonaiesy Ramy , Nawwar Kareem , Elsonbaty Mohamed , Elsonbaty Ahmad 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe efficacy and safety of cuffed endotracheal tubes (ETTs) in neonates are still unclear, this study aimed to assess the efficacy of cuffed versus uncuffed ETTs in neonate undergoing noncardiac surgeries.MethodsNeonates scheduled for noncardiac surgeries were randomized into two groups according to the type of airway device during general anesthesia: cuffed ETT group (n = 60) and the uncuffed ETT group (n = 60). The primary outcome was the incidence of ETT exchange to find the appropriate ETT. Other outcomes included: duration of intubation, lung ultrasound score, and incidence of postoperative complications (croup, wheezes, hypoxia, etc.).ResultsThe frequency of ETT exchange was lower in the cuffed ETT group compared to the uncuffed one {1 (1.7%) vs. 28 (46.7%), p = .0001; relative risk [95% confidence interval]: 0.54 [0.43–0.69]}. Postoperative adverse events were comparable between both groups except for significantly higher post extubation croup in the uncuffed ETT group compared to the cuffed ETT {10 (16.7%) vs. 3(5%), p value = .04, relative risk (95% confidence interval): 1.14 (1–1.29)}.ConclusionIn full term neonates undergoing noncardiac surgeries, the use of cuffed ETT was associated with less need to tracheal tube exchange and less incidence of postoperative croup, without increasing the postoperative respiratory complications compared to uncuffed ETT.
Phytophthora in urban tree planting stock: Are we managing the risk to the urban forest and natural ecosystems?
Authors: Laurence Matthew H. , Mertin Allison A. , Scarlett Kelly , Pang Clara , Tabassum Samiya , Leishman Michelle R. , Burgess Treena I. , Guest David I. , Summerell Brett A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe oomycete genus Phytophthora includes plant pathogens that pose significant threats to agricultural systems, natural ecosystems and urban forests. Urban forests are increasingly recognized for their role in mitigating climate change impacts and urban greening initiatives are underway worldwide. However, research suggests that the urban forest is also a reservoir of Phytophthora diversity, acting as bridgeheads for the introduction of these pathogens into production and natural ecosystems. The source of Phytophthora in urban forests is linked to anthropogenic factors, with the live plant trade the primary pathway. This study focused on the incidence and diversity of Phytophthora in amenity tree nursery stock in eastern Australia, primarily New South Wales, with one nursery from Victoria. The findings revealed a high incidence of Phytophthora in nursery stock destined for urban greening projects, having an overall positive rate of 22.1%, with incidence in individual nurseries ranging from 2.5% to 32%. The study detected 13 described Phytophthora species that are considered polyphagous on woody hosts and three lineages that potentially represent novel species. In addition, the detection of P. mediterranea and P. heterospora represent first reports for Australia, with P. mediterranea considered a biosecurity concern. The study highlights the substantial risk associated with the live plant trade as a source of Phytophthora introduction into urban forests and beyond. These findings underscore the urgent need to strictly implement clean nursery management practices to reduce the economic and environmental risks associated with Phytophthora in urban greening programmes.
John Shirwood and the reading of Plutarch's Lives in late fifteenth‐century England☆
Authors: Day Matthew 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn the fifteenth century, Plutarch's Lives were popular among humanists for their moral and historical content. They circulated widely in humanist Latin translations in manuscript and later in print. This article examines the reading of printed copies of these translations in late fifteenth‐century England. It focuses on John Shirwood (d. 1493), Bishop of Durham, an avid English reader of humanist books. The article suggests that Shirwood's annotations to Plutarch should be interpreted as evidence of humanist reading in a recreational context. While modern studies on the history of reading classical texts have often emphasised Renaissance readers' structured, methodical approaches of annotation, Shirwood's copy of Plutarch's Lives reveals a clerk at leisure, enjoying humanist books outside of formal academic study. The article goes on to compare Shirwood's annotations of Plutarch's Lives with those of two other late fifteenth‐century English humanists: the similarly eclectic historical annotations of the bishop John Russell (d. 1494); and, as a counterpoint, the more structured moral and linguistic interests of the grammarian John Stanbridge (1463–1510). These three responses to the Latin translations of Plutarch's Lives thus indicate how educated individuals engaged with humanist texts at different levels of rigour, from methodical academic study to recreational enjoyment.
Probabilistic risk assessment of dietary exposure to benzophenone derivatives in cereals in Taiwan
Authors: Huang Yu‐Fang , Ju Yun‐Ru , Chen Hsin‐Chang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBenzophenone (BP) and BP derivatives (BPDs) are widely used as ultraviolet (UV) stabilizers in food packaging materials and as photoinitiators in UV‐curable inks for printing on food‐contact materials. However, our knowledge regarding the sources and risks of dietary exposure to BP and BPDs in cereals remains limited, which prompted us to conduct this study. We measured the levels of BP and nine BPDs—BP‐1, BP‐2, BP‐3, BP‐8, 2‐hydroxybenzophenone, 4‐hydroxybenzophenone, 4‐methylbenzophenone (4‐MBP), methyl‐2‐benzoylbenzoate, and 4‐benzoylbiphenyl—in three types of cereals (rice flour, oatmeal, and cornflakes; 180 samples in total). A Bayesian Markov‐chain Monte Carlo (MC) simulation approach was used for deriving the posterior distributions of BP and BPD residues. This approach helped in addressing the uncertainty in probabilistic distribution for the sampled data under the detection limit. Through an MC simulation, we calculated the daily exposure levels of dietary BP and BPDs and corresponding health risks. The results revealed the ubiquitous presence of BP, BP‐3, and 4‐MBP in cereals. Older adults (aged >65 years) had the highest (97.5 percentile) lifetime carcinogenic risk for BP exposure through cereals (9.41 × 10−7), whereas children aged 0–3 years had the highest (97.5 percentile) hazard indices for BPD exposure through cereals (2.5 × 10−2). Nevertheless, across age groups, the lifetime carcinogenic risks of BP exposure through cereals were acceptable, and the hazard indices for BPD exposure through cereals were <1. Therefore, BPD exposure through cereals may not be a health concern for individuals in Taiwan.
Every minute counts: A comparison of thawing times and haemostatic quality of plasma thawed at 37°C and 45°C using four different methods
Authors: McCullagh J. , Booth C. , Lancut J. , Platton S. , Richards P. , Green L. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundHaving faster plasma thawing devices could be beneficial for transfusion services, as it may improve the rapid availability of thawed plasma for bleeding patients, and it might remove the need to have extended pre‐thawed plasma: thus, reducing unnecessary plasma wastage.Study Design and MethodsThe aims of this study were to assess (a) the thawing times and (b) in vitro haemostatic quality of thawed plasma using Barkey Plasmatherm V (PTV) at 37 and 45°C versus Barkey Plasmatherm Classic (PTC) at 37 and 45°C, Sarstedt Sahara‐III Maxitherm (SS‐III) at 37°C and Helmer Scientific Thermogenesis Thermoline (TT) at 37°C. Haemostatic quality was assessed using LG‐Octaplas at three different time points: baseline (5 min), 24 and 120 h after thawing.ResultsThe thawing time (SD) of 2 and 4 units was significantly different between different thawers. PTV at 45°C was the fastest method for both 2 and 4 units (7.06 min [0.68], 9.6 min [0.87], respectively). SS‐III at 37°C being the slowest method (24.69 min [2.09] and 27.18 min [4.4], respectively) (p = < 0.05).Baseline measurements for all assays showed no significant difference in the prothrombin time, fibrinogen, FII, FV, protein C activity or free protein S antigen between all methods tested. However, at baseline PTV (both 37°C and 45°C) had significantly higher levels of FVII, FVIII and FXI and shortened activated partial thromboplastin time.DiscussionPTV was the quickest method at thawing plasma at both 37 and at 45°C. The haemostatic quality of plasma thawed at 45 versus 37°C was not impaired. Thawing frozen plasma at 45°C should be considered.
The R2R3 MYBRuby1 is activated by two cold responsive ethylene response factors, via the retrotransposon in its promoter, to positively regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in citrus
Authors: Wang Yuxin , Li Shaojia , Shi Yanna , Lv Shouzheng , Zhu Changqing , Xu Changjie , Zhang Bo , Allan Andrew C. , Grierson Donald , Chen Kunsong 
Published: June 2024

SUMMARYAnthocyanins are natural pigments and dietary antioxidants that play multiple biological roles in plants and are important in animal and human nutrition. Low temperature (LT) promotes anthocyanin biosynthesis in many species including blood orange. A retrotransposon in the promoter of Ruby1, which encodes an R2R3 MYB transcription factor, controls cold‐induced anthocyanin accumulation in blood orange flesh. However, the specific mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we characterized two LT‐induced ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTORS (CsERF054 and CsERF061). Both CsERF054 and CsERF061 can activate the expression of CsRuby1 by directly binding to a DRE/CRT cis‐element within the retrotransposon in the promoter of CsRuby1, thereby positively regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis. Further investigation indicated that CsERF061 also forms a protein complex with CsRuby1 to co‐activate the expression of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes, providing a dual mechanism for the upregulation of the anthocyanin pathway. These results provide insights into how LT mediates anthocyanin biosynthesis and increase the understanding of the regulatory network of anthocyanin biosynthesis in blood orange.
Two members of a Nodule‐specific Cysteine‐Rich (NCR) peptide gene cluster are required for differentiation of rhizobia in Medicago truncatula nodules
Authors: Saifi Farheen , Biró János Barnabás , Horváth Beatrix , Vizler Csaba , Laczi Krisztián , Rákhely Gábor , Kovács Szilárd , Kang Mingming , Li Dengyao , Chen Yuhui , Chen Rujin , Domonkos Ágota , Kaló Péter 
Published: June 2024

SUMMARYLegumes have evolved a nitrogen‐fixing symbiotic interaction with rhizobia, and this association helps them to cope with the limited nitrogen conditions in soil. The compatible interaction between the host plant and rhizobia leads to the formation of root nodules, wherein internalization and transition of rhizobia into their symbiotic form, termed bacteroids, occur. Rhizobia in the nodules of the Inverted Repeat‐Lacking Clade legumes, including Medicago truncatula, undergo terminal differentiation, resulting in elongated and endoreduplicated bacteroids. This transition of endocytosed rhizobia is mediated by a large gene family of host‐produced nodule‐specific cysteine‐rich (NCR) peptides in M. truncatula. Few NCRs have been recently found to be essential for complete differentiation and persistence of bacteroids. Here, we show that a M. truncatula symbiotic mutant FN9285, defective in the complete transition of rhizobia, is deficient in a cluster of NCR genes. More specifically, we show that the loss of the duplicated genes NCR086 and NCR314 in the A17 genotype, found in a single copy in Medicago littoralis R108, is responsible for the ineffective symbiotic phenotype of FN9285. The NCR086 and NCR314 gene pair encodes the same mature peptide but their transcriptional activity varies considerably. Nevertheless, both genes can restore the effective symbiosis in FN9285 indicating that their complementation ability does not depend on the strength of their expression activity. The identification of the NCR086/NCR314 peptide, essential for complete bacteroid differentiation, has extended the list of peptides, from a gene family of several hundred members, that are essential for effective nitrogen‐fixing symbiosis in M. truncatula.
Genetic diversity in a Baikal species complex Eulimnogammarus verrucosus (Amphipoda: Gammaroidea) in the Angara River, the only outflow of Lake Baikal
Authors: Saranchina Alexandra , Mutin Andrei , Govorukhina Ekaterina , Rzhechitskiy Yaroslav , Gurkov Anton , Timofeyev Maxim , Drozdova Polina 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBaikal amphipods are one of the most unique freshwater species flocks of over 350 morphological species and subspecies playing multiple ecological roles in this ancient lake. However, molecular phylogeny studies accumulate evidence that this number is underestimated. Previously, we showed that an abundant littoral species Eulimnogammarus verrucosus comprised at least three genetic lineages: southern (S), western (W), and eastern (E), inhabiting corresponding parts of Baikal shore. The Angara River is the only outflow of the lake and is inhabited by amphipods originating from Baikal, which were previously analysed only morphologically. The river has parts with strong current or closed bays as opposed to sea‐like conditions of Lake Baikal, which raises the question of which species were able to adapt here. Here we studied the phylogeny of E. verrucosus from the Angara River, which could be reached by two lineages, S and W. We analysed 17 sites from 0.6 to 650 km from the outflow. Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and 18S rRNA analysis showed that the sites closest to Baikal were inhabited by the S and W lineages sympatrically. The other sites were inhabited by the S lineage at both banks and also by the novel A (Angara) lineage. The A lineage was the first to split up from the last common ancestor of all E. verrucosus. Our data confirm the importance of considering cryptic diversity in ecological monitoring, and in order to simplify the identification of the genetic lineage, we developed a web‐app speCOIdent.
Effect of high‐intensity interval training on cardiometabolic component risks in persons with paraplegia: Results of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Farrow Matthew , Maher Jennifer , Deere Rachel , Spellanzon Bruno , Williams Sean , Thompson Dylan , Bilzon James L. J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe aim of this work is to determine the effect of upper‐body high intensity interval training (HIIT) on cardiometabolic risks in individuals with chronic paraplegia. Twenty‐seven individuals (14 females, 13 males, mean ± SD age: 46 ± 9 years) with chronic paraplegia (spinal cord injury between T2 and L5 >1‐year post‐injury) took part in a randomized controlled trial and were included in the final analysis. Participants in the HIIT group (n = 18) performed ∼30 min of arm crank exercise (60 s intervals at 80%–90% peak heart rate) four times per week, for 6 weeks. Participants in the control (CON) group (n = 9) were asked to maintain their habitual diet and physical activity patterns over the study period. Outcome measures were taken at baseline and follow‐up. The primary outcome measures were fasting insulin, peak power output (PPO) and peak aerobic capacity (). Secondary outcome measures included body composition, postprandial glycaemic control, fasting blood lipids, inflammatory biomarkers and resting blood pressure. Differences between groups were assessed by ANCOVA, using baseline values as a covariate. PPO was higher in the HIIT (101 W, 97–106) compared to the CON (90 W, 83–96) group at follow‐up (P = 0.006). There were no differences in fasting insulin (P = 0.415) or relative (P = 0.417). Postprandial Matsuda insulin sensitivity index (ISIMatsuda) was higher in the HIIT (5.42, 4.69–6.15) compared to the CON (3.75, 2.46–5.04) group at follow‐up (P = 0.036). Six weeks of upper‐body HIIT increased PPO and ISIMatsuda, with no other beneficial effect on cardiometabolic component risks in persons with chronic paraplegia.Highlights
What is the central question of this study?What is the effect of upper‐body high intensity interval training (HIIT) on cardiometabolic component risks in individuals with chronic paraplegia?
What is the main finding and its importance?Six weeks of upper‐body HIIT increased PPO and improved insulin sensitivity, but had no beneficial effect on other cardiometabolic component risks in persons with chronic paraplegia. The large effect size observed for insulin sensitivity may be important in terms of reducing the risk of type‐2 diabetes in this population.
Investigation on the Flow and Heat Transfer Characteristics in a Multi-Pass Channel Using Magnetic Resonance Velocimetry and Transient Thermochromic Liquid Crystal
Authors: Duan Jingtian , Zhang Ke , Wang Zirui , Lu Ruishan , Lei Jiang , Wu Junmei 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The three-dimensional flow field in multi-pass channels with and without ribs was measured by magnetic resonance velocimetry (MRV), while heat transfer performance on the endwall of channels in the same geometry was investigated using transient thermochromic liquid crystal (TLC) technique. The evolution of comprehensive three-dimensional flow field and their correlation with local heat transfer enhancement on end wall of multi-pass channels with and without ribs were revealed as a whole picture. Results show that the flow characteristics in the right-angle bend as well as the second pass are dramatically different for the smooth and ribbed channels, resulting in totally different features of heat transfer distribution on the end wall in those two channels. For the smooth channel, strong dean vortices form around the bend region near the outer wall where heat transfer is enhanced substantially. For the ribbed channel, no dean vortex but complex three-dimensional flow presents around bends. Heat transfer downstream of ribs close to the reattachment regions is strengthened noticeably. Comparison between velocity and heat transfer results suggest that one of the principle mechanisms driving heat transfer enhancement is both endwall directed velocity for smooth and ribbed channels, even though they are induced by different flow structures.
Effects of Phenylcapsaicin on Intraocular and Ocular Perfusion Pressure During a 30-Min Cycling Task: A Placebo-Controlled, Triple-Blind, Balanced Crossover Study
Authors: Lara Vázquez Paula M. , Morenas-Aguilar María Dolores , Chacón Ventura Sara , Jiménez-Martínez Pablo , Alix-Fages Carlos , García Ramos Amador , Vera Jesús , Redondo Beatriz 
Published: June 2024

The main objective of this placebo-controlled, triple-blind, balanced crossover study was to assess the acute effects of phenylcapsaicin (PC) intake (2.5 mg) on intraocular pressure (IOP), ocular perfusion pressure (OPP), and heart rate (HR) during a 30-min cycling task performed at 15% of the individual maximal power. Twenty-two healthy young adults performed the cycling task 45 min after ingesting PC or placebo. IOP was measured with a rebound tonometer before exercise, during cycling (every 6 min), and after 5 and 10 min of recovery. OPP was assessed before and after exercise. HR was monitored throughout the cycling task. We found an acute increase of IOP levels related to PC consumption while cycling (mean difference = 1.91 ± 2.24 mmHg; p = .007, ), whereas no differences were observed for OPP levels between the PC and placebo conditions (mean difference = 1.33 ± 8.70 mmHg; p = .608). Mean HR values were higher after PC in comparison with placebo intake (mean difference = 3.11 ± 15.87 bpm, p = .019, ), whereas maximum HR did not differ between both experimental conditions (p = .199). These findings suggest that PC intake before exercise should be avoided when reducing IOP levels is desired (e.g., glaucoma patients or those at risk). Future studies should determine the effects of different ergogenic aids on IOP and OPP levels with other exercise configurations and in the long term.
Two novel
Enterobacter
species,
Enterobacter chinensis
sp. nov. and
Enterobacter rongchengensis
sp. nov., recovered from clinical samples carrying multiple virulence factors
Authors: He Yanling , Xiao Yuling , Feng Yu , Wu Shikai , Wei Li , Zong Zhiyong 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Two
Enterobacter
strains 170198
T
and 170250
T
were isolated from clinical blood samples from distinct patients in a hospital in Chengdu, China, in 2022. These isolates were subjected to whole-genome sequencing. A phylogenomic tree based on 2,096 concatenated core genes showed that the two strains were clustered within the genus
Enterobacter
. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and
in silico
DNA–DNA hybridization (
is
DDH) values between each of the two strains and type strains of all currently known
Enterobacter
species were determined. The two strains belonged to two novel species as the highest ANI and
is
DDH values with type strains of all currently known
Enterobacter
species below the cutoff for species demarcation (96% for ANI and 70% for
is
DDH). Then the physiological and biochemical studies demonstrated that biochemical features and the profile of whole fatty acids of strains 170198
T
and 170250
T
were largely consistent with those known
Enterobacter
species. Nevertheless, the two novel species can be differentiated from all other
Enterobacter
species by certain biochemical characteristics. In conclusion, 170198
T
and 170250
T
represent two novel species of the genus
Enterobacter
, for which we propose
Enterobacter chinensis
sp. nov. and
Enterobacter rongchengensis
sp. nov., as the species names. The type strains of
Enterobacter chinensis
sp. nov., and
Enterobacter rongchengensis
sp. nov. are 170198
T
(=GDMCC 1.3549
T
=JCM 35826
T
) and 170250
T
(=GDMCC 1.3670
T
=JCM 36189
T
), respectively. The two novel species have clinical significance with the ability to cause bloodstream infections.

IMPORTANCE

Enterobacter
is a group of bacteria comprising several common opportunistic pathogens and has a complicated taxonomy. Here, we reported two novel
Enterobacter
species. We demonstrated that the two novel species can be differentiated from other
Enterobacter
species by certain phenotypic characteristics and therefore provide information for designing tests for identification. We also showed that strains of the two novel species are able to cause human bloodstream infections and carry multiple virulence factors and therefore are of clinical significance. We highlight that the virulence of
Enterobacter
is less studied and warrants further exploration. We believe that the findings here are valuable for enhancing the appreciation toward
Enterobacter
, an important pathogen.