bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correction of Postkeratoplasty Ametropia in Keratoconus Patients Using a Toric Implantable Collamer Lens
Authors: Iovieno Alfonso , Guglielmetti Stefano , Capuano Vittorio , Allan Bruce D. , Maurino Vincenzo 
Published: December 2012

Purpose TO evaluate the efficacy and safety of a toric implantable Collamer lens (Visian TICL®) for correction of high postkeratoplasty ametropia in patients with keratoconus. Methods Seven eyes of 7 keratoconus patients postkeratoplasty (5 M, 2 F; mean age 34.1±5.9 years, range 28–44) unable to wear glasses or contact lenses were included in the study. A foldable phakic posterior chamber Collamer toric lens was injected through a standard 3.0-mm clear corneal temporal incision. Uncorrected distance visual acuity (UCDVA, logMAR), best-corrected distance visual acuity (BCDVA, logMAR), spherical refraction, cylindrical refraction, and refractive spherical equivalent (RSE) were measured preoperatively and postoperatively. Postoperative adverse events were recorded. Results The mean follow-up was 12.8±8.8 months (range 4–30). A significant (p<0.01) improvement was observed postoperatively in mean UCDVA (1.18±0.4 vs 0.2±0.1), spherical refraction (-5.89±3.43 vs 0.53±0.75), cylindrical refraction (-4.39±0.75 vs −1.74±0.84), and RSE (-8.09±3.77 vs −0.33±0.54). The BCDVA changes were not significant (0.09±0.11 vs 0.05±0.08). All patients gained ≥5 lines of UCDVA (average 7.6±1.9 lines). The number of patients with UCDVA ≥6/12 (0.3 logMAR) increased after surgery (0% vs 87.5%; p<0.01), while the number of patients with BCDVA ≥6/12 was unchanged (100% vs 100%; NS), with 0% (0/7) of patients losing ≥2 BCDVA lines. No complications were observed postoperatively. Conclusions Toric implantable Collamer lens was safe and effective in correcting postkeratoplasty myopia and astigmatism in keratoconus patients.
Two Cases of Subfoveal Choroidal Neovascularization with Tubulointerstitial Nephritis and Uveitis Syndrome
Authors: Takemoto Yuko , Namba Kenichi , Mizuuchi Kazuomi , Ohno Shigeaki , Ishida Susumu 
Published: December 2012

Purpose. Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) syndrome usually shows anterior segment intraocular inflammation, but severe posterior segment intraocular inflammation is rarely observed. We report 2 children with TINU syndrome complicated by subfoveal choroidal neovascularization (CNV). Methods. Case reports. Results. Patients were a 12-year-old girl and a 12-year-old boy diagnosed with probable TINU syndrome on the basis of typical ocular findings and high value of urinary β2 microglobulin even though renal biopsy was not performed. The girl showed development of CNV with subretinal macular hemorrhage along with the exacerbation of anterior chamber inflammation in her left eye. Subretinal macular hemorrhage recurred frequently even with oral prednisolone; therefore, intravitreal injection of bevacizumab (IVB) was performed. After IVB, the subretinal proliferative tissue shrunk and subretinal hemorrhage has not recurred for 5 years. The boy showed subretinal hemorrhage from CNV with severe anterior chamber inflammation in his left eye. With oral prednisolone, anterior chamber inflammation and subretinal hemorrhage disappeared, but shrunken subretinal fibrosis in the macula remained. Final visual acuity was poor due to residual subretinal fibrosis in both cases. Conclusions. Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis syndrome has a potential to develop CNV that leads to severe visual loss; therefore, prompt anti-inflammatory therapy is required, and IVB should be regarded as a potential choice of treatment.
Use of Immunohistochemistry in Routine Workup of Prostate Needle Biopsies: A Tertiary Academic Institution Experience
Authors: Watson Kristalee , Wang Cheng , Yilmaz Asli , Bismar Tarek A. , Trpkov Kiril 
Published: December 2012

Context.—Diagnostic use of immunohistochemistry has been extensively studied in prostate needle biopsy, but its use in routine practice and the quality assurance and associated cost have not been previously addressed.
Objective.—To examine the routine use of immunohistochemistry in prostate biopsies in a tertiary academic institution.
Design.—We reviewed reports of 748 consecutive prostate biopsies and we evaluated the turnaround times, the final diagnosis on individual specimens, the intradepartmental consultation rates, and the associated costs.
Results.—Immunohistochemistry evaluation was required for 39.4% of biopsies and 12% of blocks (average 1.8 blocks/case). The biopsies with immunohistochemistry were signed out 1.7 workdays later (8.6 versus 6.9 days). The diagnostic breakdown for individual blocks evaluated by immunohistochemistry was Cancer 47.7%; Atypical, Suspicious 10.8%; Small Atypical Glands Adjacent to High-Grade Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia 6.9%; High-Grade Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia 12.4%; and Benign 22.2%. Diagnoses of Cancer or Atypical, Suspicious (Atypical, Suspicious + Small Atypical Glands Adjacent to High-Grade Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia) were rendered in 65.4% of individual blocks assessed by immunohistochemistry. Immunohistochemistry aided in establishing limited cancer (≤10% of core) in 69.3% of cases and in 74% of single-core–positive biopsies. Departmental consultation was performed in 18.3% of biopsies and immunohistochemistry was used in 68% of these cases. Both immunohistochemistry and consultation were performed in 55.8% of Atypical, Suspicious cases. The average immunohistochemistry cost per biopsy was $22.34 and the estimated annual cost for prostate biopsy immunohistochemistry in our laboratory was $33 420.64.
Conclusions.—Immunohistochemistry is frequently used in our prostate biopsy practice to establish or confirm a limited Cancer diagnosis, to better resolve diagnostic ambiguity, or for quality assurance. The data provided herein can be used for comparisons with other prostate biopsy practices.
Use of a Synthetic Xeno-Free Culture Substrate for Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Induction and Retinal Differentiation
Authors: Tucker Budd A. , Anfinson Kristin R. , Mullins Robert F. , Stone Edwin M. , Young Michael J. 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine whether a proprietary xeno-free synthetic culture surface could be used to aid in the production and subsequent retinal-specific differentiation of clinical-grade induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). iPSCs were generated using adult somatic cells via infection with either a single cre-excisable lentiviral vector or four separate nonintegrating Sendai viruses driving expression of the transcription factors OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, and c-MYC. Retinal precursor cells were derived via targeted differentiation of iPSCs with exogenous delivery of dkk-1, noggin, insulin-like growth factor-1, basic fibroblast growth factor, acidic fibroblast growth factor, and DAPT. Phase contrast microscopy, immunocytochemistry, hematoxylin and eosin staining, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction were used to determine reprogramming efficiency, pluripotency, and fate of undifferentiated and differentiated iPSCs. Following viral transduction, cells underwent prototypical morphological changes resulting in the formation of iPSC colonies large enough for manual isolation/passage at 3–4 weeks postinfection. Both normal and disease-specific iPSCs expressed markers of pluripotency and, following transplantation into immune-compromised mice, formed teratomas containing tissue comprising all three germ layers. When subjected to our established retinal differentiation protocol, a significant proportion of the xeno-free substrate-derived cells expressed retinal cell markers, the number of which did not significantly differ from that derived on traditional extracellular matrix-coated dishes. Synthetic cell culture substrates provide a useful surface for the xeno-free production, culture, and differentiation of adult somatic cell-derived iPSCs. These findings demonstrate the potential utility of these surfaces for the production of clinical-grade retinal neurons for transplantation and induction of retinal regeneration.
Injection of Vessel-Derived Stem Cells Prevents Dilated Cardiomyopathy and Promotes Angiogenesis and Endogenous Cardiac Stem Cell Proliferation in mdx/utrn−/− but Not Aged mdx Mouse Models for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Chun Ju Lan , O'Brien Robert , Song Min Ho , Wondrasch Blake F. , Berry Suzanne E. 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most common form of muscular dystrophy. DMD patients lack dystrophin protein and develop skeletal muscle pathology and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Approximately 20% succumb to cardiac involvement. We hypothesized that mesoangioblast stem cells (aorta-derived mesoangioblasts [ADMs]) would restore dystrophin and alleviate or prevent DCM in animal models of DMD. ADMs can be induced to express cardiac markers, including Nkx2.5, cardiac tropomyosin, cardiac troponin I, and α-actinin, and adopt cardiomyocyte morphology. Transplantation of ADMs into the heart of mdx/utrn−/− mice prior to development of DCM prevented onset of cardiomyopathy, as measured by echocardiography, and resulted in significantly higher CD31 expression, consistent with new vessel formation. Dystrophin-positive cardiomyocytes and increased proliferation of endogenous Nestin+ cardiac stem cells were detected in ADM-injected heart. Nestin+ striated cells were also detected in four of five mdx/utrn−/− hearts injected with ADMs. In contrast, when ADMs were injected into the heart of aged mdx mice with advanced fibrosis, no functional improvement was detected by echocardiography. Instead, ADMs exacerbated some features of DCM. No dystrophin protein, increase in CD31 expression, or increase in Nestin+ cell proliferation was detected following ADM injection in aged mdx heart. Dystrophin was observed following transplantation of ADMs into the hearts of young mdx mice, however, suggesting that pathology in aged mdx heart may alter the fate of donor stem cells. In summary, ADMs delay or prevent development of DCM in dystrophin-deficient heart, but timing of stem cell transplantation may be critical for achieving benefit with cell therapy in DMD cardiac muscle.
TO THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COASTAL AND FLOOD PROTECTION STRUCTURES UNDER TERMS OF CHANGING CLIMATE CONDITIONS
Authors: Froehle Peter 
Published: December 2012

Consequences resulting from future Climate Change may be one of the most severe threats for people and economies in many countries of the world. Besides the problem of sea level rise, also possible general changes in the frequency and intensity of storms as well as general changes in the average wind field are expected for the future.
With respect to the coastal protection possible future strategies and also possible future measure are analyzed and assessed with the result that technical, morphological, socio-economic and aesthetical aspects play a role.
APPLICATION OF A SEMI-EMPIRICAL LONGSHORE TRANSPORT FORMULATION
Authors: Barbaro Giuseppe , Tomasicchio Giuseppe Roberto , Malara Giovanni , D'Alessandro Felice 
Published: December 2012

The present paper deals with the determination of longshore sediment transport rate. Specifically, case study of Saline Joniche (Reggio Calabria, Italy, is discussed. This case is of interest because, in this location, an artificial basin was built in the 70's. After few years, port entrance experienced total obstruction by sand. Actually, the area is abandoned and several projects have been proposed for revitalising port activities.
This paper discusses a method for estimating the longshore sediment transport rate at Saline Joniche and complements previous methodology.
WAVE STATISTICS AND SPECTRAL MONITORING IN THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA (i.e. SICILY CHANNEL): 9 YEARS OF WAVE DATA MONITORING
Authors: Terrile Emanuele , De Filippi Gianluigi , Spadaccini Ostilio 
Published: December 2012

The main aim of the work if to define and characterized the wave filed in the intermediate water depth of the mediterranean Sea, in particular in the Sicily channel.
Even if is not the appropriate wave spectrum, the jONSWAP spectrum is often used in the Mediterranean Sea as input for the most common third-generation spectral wave models, e.g. SWAN (Booij et al. 1996). The definition of site-specific spectral parameters by means of measured wave data allows to get a better assessment of the wave field in the coastal area with consequent better description of the wave characteristics to be used to design coastal structures.
HOW TO WEIGH COASTAL HAZARD AGAINST ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCE
Authors: Wainwright David , Callaghan David , Jongejan Ruben , Ranasinghe Roshanka , Cowell Peter 
Published: December 2012

It is well recognised that sea level change over the coming century will have an extraordinary economic impact on coastal communities. To overcome the uncertainty that still surrounds the mechanics of shoreline recession and stochastic forcing, landuse
planning and management decisions will require a robust and quantitative risk-based approach. A new approach is presented, which has been evaluated using field measurements and assessed in economic terms. The paper discusses a framework for coastal risk analysis which combines four main components 1) the effects of non-stationary
climate, including decade scale variability and anthropogenic change; 2) a full probabilistic assessment of incident wave and surge conditions; 3) determination of storm erosion extents; and 4) the economic impact of combined coastal erosion and
recession. The framework is illustrated in Figure 1. The operation of this framework has been demonstrated, building upon previous work (Callaghan et al., 2008; Jongejan et al., 2011; Ranasinghe et al., 2011). The first three components relate to physical hazards. Using stochastic simulation, we quantify the 'likelihood' side of risk.
That likelihood is typically represented by lines indicating a projected extreme landward shoreline condition and an associated quantitative probability. For the first time, the effects of non-stationary climate (e.g. sea level rise) have been included. This
can be extended to include decadal scale climate variation effects such as beach rotation.
The fourth component requires the determination of values associated with land threatened by coastal erosion during the time frame being considered. We assign a spatially varying value density relationship. The exceedance probability of erosion is
combined with the value density to calculate the expected value of damage at a given point in time. In a non-stationary climate scenario, the exceedance probabilities change with time, and this is also considered. Given a known rate of return on investment, the differentials in the rates of return (between coastal and inland property
investments) are subsequently used to determine the efficient position of the setback line. The results are presented within a GIS framework to effectively feed into the coastal land use planning process. We demonstrate the framework by applying it to
using real data (both physical and economic) for our subject site, Narrabeen Beach in Sydney.
RECONNAISSANCE LEVEL STUDY MISSISSIPPI STORM SURGE BARRIER
Authors: Van Ledden Mathijs , Lansen Joost , De Ridder Hennes , Edge Billy 
Published: December 2012

This paper reports a reconnaissance level study of a storm surge barrier in the Mississippi River. Historical hurricanes have shown storm surge of several meters along the Mississippi River levees up to and upstream of New Orleans. Future changes due to sea level rise and subsidence will further increase the risk of flooding due to hurricane storm surge. A surge barrier downstream of New Orleans has been considered as an alternative to levee raise along the Mississippi River. Hydraulic computations show that the build-up of water behind the barrier due to the Mississippi
River flow is (much) lower than the hurricane surge protruding up the river in the no-barrier situation. The barrier will probably eliminate the need to upgrade the system upstream of the barrier while providing the same level of hurricane risk reduction. A hybrid barrier (a combination of different gate types) with a primary swing gate for navigation (and flow) and secondary lift gates to accommodate for flow is a technically feasible alternative. The barrier remains open for almost the entire year and would only to be closed during severe tropical events (say once every 2 - 3 years). Several measures are included in the conceptual design to mitigate the navigation impact. The construction costs of the barrier are estimated at $1.6 - 2.6 billion. It is recommended to compare the investment costs of a barrier including adjacent tie-ins to the existing HSDRRS to the costs of upgrading and maintaining the levee system throughout the city of New Orleans.
STABILITY OF RUBBLE MOUND BREAKWATERS IN SHALLOW WATER AND SURF ZONE : AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY
Authors: Prevot Guirec , Boucher Olivier , Luck Maryline , Benoit Michel 
Published: December 2012

Rubble-mound breakwaters are often pre-designed with empirical formulae allowing the estimation of armour stone size or weight, taking into account the wave conditions (mainly a characteristic wave height and a characteristic period), the type and density of stone or block used, the slope of the mound, the acceptable level of damage, etc. In deep water conditions, the existing formulas are rather well established (e.g. Hudson and Van der Meer formulas
among others). They use as input data wave parameters that are well defined (e.g. the significant wave height H1/3 or sometimes the height H1/10) and easily accessible, from in situ measurements or from numerical wave models. In shallow water however, and in particular in breaking wave conditions (where most of the small breakwaters are built), a number of physical processes (refraction, shoaling and breaking) significantly modify the incoming waves.
They also lead to changes in the wave height distribution (which can no longer be regarded as being of Rayleightype) and in the shape of the wave spectrum. This, combined with the fact that most of the models used nowadays for nearshore wave propagation are spectral wave models (e.g. SWAN, TOMAWAC, etc.) and thus provide spectral parameters as output (typically the spectral significant wave height Hm0 and the peak period Tp or the mean energetic
period Tm-1,0) has raised the question of which characteristic wave parameter should be used in stability formulas for rubble-mound breakwaters in shallow water. This has led to the consideration of more representative wave parameters such as H2% or Tm-1,0 which are sometimes less accessible from existing wave database or numerical modelling studies. The objective of the present study is to review and compare several available methods to calculate armour stone weight in shallow waters, and to provide some insight into the applicability and limitations of these methods based on a series of wave flume experiments.
Mead, George Herbert
Authors: Cook Gary A. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractGeorge Herbert Mead (1863–1931) received his undergraduate philosophical education at Oberlin College, where his father taught theology, and at Harvard University, where he studied under Josiah Royce and served as a summer tutor for the young son of William James (seeJames, William; he then pursued several years of graduate study in philosophy and physiological psychology at the Universities of Leipzig and Berlin in Germany. He taught briefly at the University of Michigan (1891–4), but then spent the remainder of his long teaching career as a member of the Department of Philosophy at the University of Chicago. He is known primarily for his social psychological theories concerning the genesis of language, self‐consciousness, and reflective intelligence; it is these theories that establish his place in the history of American pragmatism and account for the considerable influence his ideas have exerted upon the school of symbolic interactionism in American sociology. But Mead also had a good deal to say about ethics, and it is with this dimension of his thought that we must be chiefly concerned here. There is, in fact, an important relationship between these two aspects of his thought: both are based upon an organic view of conduct first set forth by his colleague John Dewey (seeDewey, John) in the 1890s. The discussion that follows will begin by summarizing the main features of this model of conduct; it will then show how Mead further articulated this view so as to provide the basis for both his social psychological theorizing and his contributions to moral philosophy.
Leadership Ethics
Authors: Ciulla Joanne B. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractEven though scholars have been writing about the ethics of leaders for thousands of years, leadership ethics is a relatively new area of applied ethics. It has a unique role to play in the context of literature on leadership and professional ethics because questions about leaders occur in all professions. Leadership ethics draws on the resources of moral philosophy and leadership studies to frame, organize, and understand the ethical problems that are distinctive to leaders and leadership.
Killing
Authors: Lippert‐Rasmussen Kasper 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Roughly, one individual kills another if, and only if, she acts in a way that causes the death of this person provided the causal route from the act to the death does not run through the will of another agent and does not depend on a number of intervening coincidences. In a very wide range of cases, killing is impermissible. In the next section, however, I consider some cases in which it is generally thought to be permissible. The third section compares killing to other ways of countenancing someone's death, nonconscious existence, or nonexistence. The fourth section explores four accounts of what makes killing impermissible when it is. Ideally, such an account must allow for those of the exceptions to the general prohibition on killing mentioned in section two that are justifiable and explain why killing is worse than the cases listed in section three.
Alienation
Authors: Schacht Richard 
Published: December 2012

Abstract

“Alienation” was one of the buzzwords of the 1960s, coming into fashion with the “counterculture” and the neo‐Marxist philosophy that was loosely associated with it. It became so overused that it suffered the subsequent fate of most intellectual fads, fading from popular discourse as the
Zeitgeist
moved on while also largely losing its brief and limited appeal in the scholarly community. It is arguable, however, that it deserved neither fate, and that it may turn out to have an intellectually respectable future, along any of several lines picking up on strands of its many uses.
Positive invariant set estimation of adaptive controller in the presence of input saturation
Authors: Li Dapeng , Hovakimyan Naira , Cao Chengyu 
Published: December 2012

SUMMARYFor a class of linear dynamical systems with constant unknown parameters, an adaptive control scheme is developed that provides stable adaptation in the presence of input magnitude constraints. Whereas for open‐loop stable systems the results are global, for open‐loop unstable systems, the problem of nonconservative estimation of the nonempty positive invariant set is cast into an LMI framework, which can be efficiently solved numerically via convex optimization. To achieve this, a standard result toward invariant set characterization is appropriately extended to accommodate bounded disturbance and model uncertainties. In addition to closed‐loop stability, performance bounds of the  adaptive closed‐loop system are analyzed, and the degradation due to the possible control deficiency is quantified. Simulation examples of aerospace applications are included to illustrate the proposed method. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.