bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A study of structural and functional connectivity in early Alzheimer's disease using rest fMRI and diffusion tensor imaging
Authors: Balachandar R. , John J. P. , Saini J. , Kumar K. J. , Joshi H. , Sadanand S. , Aiyappan S. , Sivakumar P. T. , Loganathan S. , Varghese M. , Bharath S. 
Published: July 2014

Background/objectivesAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition where in early diagnosis and interventions are key policy priorities in dementia services and research. We studied the functional and structural connectivity in mild AD to determine the nature of connectivity changes that coexist with neurocognitive deficits in the early stages of AD.MethodsFifteen mild AD subjects and 15 cognitively healthy controls (CHc) matched for age and gender, underwent detailed neurocognitive assessment and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of resting state functional MRI (rs‐fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Rest fMRI was analyzed using dual regression approach and DTI by voxel wise statistics.ResultsPatients with mild AD had significantly lower functional connectivity (FC) within the default mode network and increased FC within the executive network. The mild AD group scored significantly lower in all domains of cognition compared with CHc. But fractional anisotropy did not significantly (p < 0.05) differ between the groups.ConclusionResting state functional connectivity alterations are noted during initial stages of cognitive decline in AD, even when there are no significant white matter microstructural changes. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The salience network in the apathy of late‐life depression
Authors: Yuen Genevieve S. , Gunning‐Dixon Faith M. , Hoptman Matthew J. , AbdelMalak Bassem , McGovern Amanda R. , Seirup Joanna K. , Alexopoulos George S. 
Published: July 2014

ObjectiveApathy is prevalent in late‐life depression and predicts poor response to antidepressants, chronicity of depression, disability, and greater burden to caregivers. However, little is known about its neurobiology. Salience processing provides motivational context to stimuli. The aim of this study was to examine the salience network (SN) resting‐state functional connectivity (rsFC) pattern in elderly depressed subjects with and without apathy.MethodsResting‐state functional MRI data were collected from 16 non‐demented, non‐MCI, elderly depressed subjects and 10 normal elderly subjects who were psychotropic‐free for at least 2 weeks. The depressed group included 7 elderly, depressed subjects with high comorbid apathy and 9 with low apathy. We analyzed the rsFC patterns of the right anterior insular cortex (rAI), a primary node of the SN.ResultsRelative to non‐apathetic depressed elderly, depressed elderly subjects with high apathy had decreased rsFC of the rAI to dorsal anterior cingulate and to subcortical/limbic components of the SN. Depressed elderly subjects with high apathy also exhibited increased rsFC of the rAI to right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and right posterior cingulate cortex when compared to non‐apathetic depressed elderly.ConclusionsElderly depressed subjects with high apathy display decreased intrinsic rsFC of the SN and an altered pattern of SN rsFC to the right DLPFC node of the central executive network when compared to elderly non‐apathetic depressed and normal, elderly subjects. These results suggest a unique biological signature of the apathy of late‐life depression and may implicate a role for the rAI and SN in motivated behavior. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Price‐cap Regulation, Uncertainty and the Price Evolution of New Pharmaceuticals
Authors: Shajarizadeh Ali , Hollis Aidan 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis paper examines the effect of the regulations restricting price increases on the evolution of pharmaceutical prices. A novel theoretical model shows that this policy leads firms to price new drugs with uncertain demand above the expected value initially. Price decreases after drug launch are more likely, the higher the uncertainty. We empirically test the model's predictions using data from the Canadian pharmaceutical market. The level of uncertainty is shown to play a crucial role in drug pricing strategies. © 2014 The Authors. Health Economics Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
How Do Hospitals Respond to Market Entry? Evidence from a Deregulated Market for Cardiac Revascularization
Authors: Li Suhui , Dor Avi 
Published: July 2014

AbstractRegulatory entry barriers to hospital service markets, namely Certificate of Need (CON) regulations, are enforced in many US states. Policy makers in other states are considering reinstating CON policies in tandem with service expansions mandated under the Affordable Care Act. Although previous studies examined the volume effects of CON, demand responses to actual entry into local hospital markets are not well understood. In this paper, we empirically examine the demand‐augmenting, demand‐redistribution, and risk‐allocation effects of hospital entry by studying the cardiac revascularization markets in Pennsylvania, a state in which dynamic market entry occurred after repeal of CON in 1996. Results from interrupted time‐series analyses indicate demand‐augmenting effects for coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) and business‐stealing effects for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) procedures: high entrant market share mitigated the declining incidence of CABG, but it had no significant effect on the rising trend in PCI use, among patients with coronary artery disease. We further find evidence that entry by new cardiac surgery centers tended to sort high‐severity patients into the more invasive CABG procedure and low‐severity patients into the less invasive PCI procedures. These findings underscore the importance of considering market‐level strategic responses by hospitals when regulatory barriers are rescinded. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rare case study of a primary carcinoma of the petrous bone and a brief literature review
Authors: Atallah Ihab , Karkas Alexandre , Righini Christian Adrien , Lantuejoul Sylvie , Schmerber Sébastien 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundTemporal bone carcinoma is an aggressive tumor with multiple unconfirmed risk factors.Methods and ResultsHerein, we present a rare case of a primary petrous bone carcinoma in a female patient (65 years old) with an irrelevant medical history. She presented a postauricular swelling that revealed a multilocular osteolytic cystic lesion of the mastoid portion of the temporal bone on the CT scan. The patient underwent resection of the lesion and pathological analysis revealed moderately to well‐differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. Postoperative radiotherapy was carried out. Until the present time, the patient shows complete remission on regular clinical and radiological follow‐up.ConclusionAlthough no widely accepted strategy for managing temporal bone tumors exists, a review of the literature showed that surgery with or without radiotherapy is the treatment of choice. Preoperative assessment and accurate staging are vital in ensuring that the treatment is adequate for each disease stage. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: E45–E48, 2015
Cost‐effectiveness of positron emission tomography‐CT in the evaluation of cancer of unknown primary of the head and neck
Authors: Smith Kristine A. , Dort Joseph C. , Hall Stephen F. , Rudmik Luke 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundPositron emission tomography (PET)‐CT is a useful diagnostic adjunct for cancer unknown primary (CUP) of the head and neck; however, the increased cost has not been justified with an economic evaluation in this patient population.MethodsA decision tree analysis was performed from the perspective of the third party payer. Primary outcome was cost per life year gained ($/LYG). The 2 comparative groups were: (1) PET‐CT followed by panendoscopy versus (2) panendoscopy alone.ResultsThe incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios for N1, N2, and N3 CUP were $369.83/LYG, $329.43/LYG, and $4900.28/LYG, respectively. The sensitivity analysis demonstrated a 96.8%, 97.1%, and 60.1% certainty that PET‐CT is cost‐effective for CUP with N1, N2, and N3 disease, respectively.ConclusionThe use of PET‐CT in patients with N1 and N2 CUP is the cost‐effective choice. The cost‐effectiveness in N3 CUP is questionable and should be used on an individual case basis. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 1781–1787, 2015
Towards medicines regulatory authorities' quality performance improvement: value for public health
Authors: Pejović Gordana , Filipović Jovan , Tasić Ljiljana , Marinković Valentina 
Published: July 2014

SummaryThe purpose of this article is to explore the possibility of implementing total quality management (TQM) principles in national medicines regulatory authorities in Europe to achieve all public health objectives. Bearing in mind that medicines regulation is a governmental function that serves societal objectives to protect and promote public health, measuring the effective achievement of quality objectives related to public health is of utmost importance. A generic TQM model for meeting public health objectives was developed and was tested on 10 European national medicines regulatory authorities with different regulatory performances. Participating national medicines regulatory authorities recognised all TQM factors of the proposed model in implemented systems with different degrees of understanding. An analysis of responses was performed within the framework of two established criteria—the regulatory authority's category and size. The value of the paper is twofold. First, the new generic TQM model proposes to integrate four public health objectives with six TQM factors. Second, national medicines regulatory authorities were analysed as public organisations and health authorities to develop a proper tool for assessing their regulatory performance. The paper emphasises the importance of designing an adequate approach to performance measurement of quality management systems in medicines regulatory authorities that will support their public service missions. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Contributions of bedrock groundwater to the upscaling of storm‐runoff generation processes in weathered granitic headwater catchments
Authors: Iwasaki Kenta , Katsuyama Masanori , Tani Makoto 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe examined the contributions of bedrock groundwater to the upscaling of storm‐runoff generation processes in weathered granitic headwater catchments by conducting detailed hydrochemical observations in five catchments that ranged from zero to second order. End‐member mixing analysis (EMMA) was performed to identify the geographical sources of stream water. Throughfall, hillslope groundwater, shallow bedrock groundwater, and deep bedrock groundwater were identified as end members. The contribution of each end member to storm runoff differed among the catchments because of the differing quantities of riparian groundwater, which was recharged by the bedrock groundwater prior to rainfall events. Among the five catchments, the contribution of throughfall was highest during both baseflow and storm flow in a zero‐order catchment with little contribution from the bedrock groundwater to the riparian reservoir. In zero‐order catchments with some contribution from bedrock groundwater, stream water was dominated by shallow bedrock groundwater during baseflow, but it was significantly influenced by hillslope groundwater during storms. In the first‐order catchment, stream water was dominated by shallow bedrock groundwater during storms as well as baseflow periods. In the second‐order catchment, deeper bedrock groundwater than that found in the zero‐order and first‐order catchments contributed to stream water in all periods, except during large storm events. These results suggest that bedrock groundwater influences the upscaling of storm‐runoff generation processes by affecting the linkages of geomorphic units such as hillslopes, riparian zones, and stream channels. Our results highlight the need for a three‐dimensional approach that considers bedrock groundwater flow when studying the upscaling of storm‐runoff generation processes. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Racial/Ethnic and Socioeconomic Differences in Bone Loss Among Men
Authors: Araujo Andre B , Yang May , Suarez Elizabeth A , Dagincourt Nicholas , Abraham Jonathan R , Chiu Gretchen , Holick Michael F , Bouxsein Mary L , Zmuda Joseph M 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT

As men age, they lose bone and are susceptible to fracture. Despite having lower fracture rates than women, men have worse fractures than women do. Racial/ethnic and socioeconomic status (SES) disparities in fracture rates exist, yet data on rates of bone loss by race/ethnicity and SES among men are limited. We examined annualized percentage change in bone mineral density (%ΔBMD) at the hip (N = 681), spine (N = 663), and forearm (N = 636) during 7 years of follow-up among men aged 30–79 years at baseline. Multivariable models tested whether race/ethnicity, income, or genetic ancestry predicted annualized %ΔBMD after controlling for an extensive set of covariates. Annualized %ΔBMD ranged from −0.65(0.04)% (femoral neck) to +0.26(0.03)% (1/3 distal radius), and changes were consistent across age groups with the exception of the ultradistal radius, where annualized declines increased with age. Neither self-identified race/ethnicity nor genetic ancestry were associated with annualized %ΔBMD. In contrast, income was strongly associated (dose-response) with annualized %ΔBMD at total hip (independent of confounders, self-identified race/ethnicity, and genetic ancestry). Fully adjusted least-square mean change in annualized %ΔBMD at the total hip were −0.24(0.12)% and −0.16(0.06)% steeper among men with low and moderate incomes, respectively, than among men with higher incomes (overall p = 0.0293). Results show a linear decline in bone that begins relatively early in life among men, that rates of bone loss do not vary with race/ethnicity (self-identified or “objectively” measured), and that income plays an important role in relation to bone loss at the hip. These data suggest that fracture risk in men may be driven in part by income-related differences in bone loss, but also, that the known higher fracture risk among white men is not the result of racial/ethnic differences in bone loss, but rather, early life exposures that lead to attainment of higher peak bone mass among minorities. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Thiazide-Sensitive Na+-Cl− Cotransporter (NCC) Gene Inactivation Results in Increased Duodenal Ca2+ Absorption, Enhanced Osteoblast Differentiation and Elevated Bone Mineral Density
Authors: Hsu Yu-Juei , Yang Sung-Sen , Cheng Chih-Jen , Liu Shu-Ting , Huang Shih-Ming , Chau Tom , Chu Pauling , Salter Donald M , Lee Herng-Sheng , Lin Shih-Hua 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

Inactivation of the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter (NCC) due to genetic mutations in Gitelman's syndrome (GS) or pharmacological inhibition with thiazide diuretics causes hypocalciuria and increased bone mineral density (BMD) with unclear extrarenal calcium (Ca2+) regulation. We investigated intestinal Ca2+ absorption and bone Ca2+ metabolism in nonsense Ncc Ser707X (S707X) homozygous knockin mice (NccS707X/S707X mice). Compared to wild-type and heterozygous knockin littermates, NccS707X/S707X mice had increased intestinal absorption of 45Ca2+ and expression of the active Ca2+ transport machinery (transient receptor potential vanilloid 6, calbindin-D9K, and plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPase isoform 1b). NccS707X/S707X mice had also significantly increased Ca2+ content accompanied by greater mineral apposition rate (MAR) in their femurs and higher trabecular bone volume, cortical bone thickness, and BMD determined by μCT. Their osteoblast differentiation markers, such as bone alkaline phosphatase, procollagen I, osteocalcin, and osterix, were also significantly increased while osteoclast activity was unaffected. Analysis of marrow-derived bone cells, either treated with thiazide or directly cultured from Ncc S707X knockin mice, showed that the differentiation of osteoblasts was associated with increased phosphorylation of mechanical stress-induced focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). In conclusion, NCC inhibition stimulates duodenal Ca2+ absorption as well as osteoblast differentiation and bone Ca2+ storage, possibly through a FAK/ERK dependent mechanism. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Evidence of plaggen soils in SW Norway
Authors: Schnepel Carolin , Potthoff Kerstin , Eiter Sebastian , Giani Luise 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis study aimed at clarifying whether a notable group of soils of the Jæren region, SW Norway, with deep humus‐rich top soils support a man‐made genesis. Four sites were investigated. The soils are characterized by thick top soils of 45, 70, 80, and 90 cm, which are enriched in soil organic matter and often also in artifacts, like fragments of potter's clay, indicating an anthropogenic origin. Soil pH ranges from 5.4 to 6.2 (H2O) and 4.4 to 5.3 (CaCl2), respectively. Soil organic C (SOC) contents range from 6.4 to 51.6 g kg−1 and N contents vary between 0 and 2.9 g kg−1. Increased P contents of up to 2,924.3 mg kg−1 total P (Pt) and 1,166.4 mg kg−1 citric acid‐soluble phosphorus (Pc) in the humus‐rich top soils support the assumption of an anthropogenic influence. Although many characteristics indicate an anthropogenic genesis, one soil lacks the required depth of 50 cm of a plaggen horizon and cannot be classified as Plaggic Anthrosol (WRB) and Plagganthrept (US Soil Taxonomy). As the requirement is 40 cm in the German system, all soils can be classified as Plaggenesch. The formation of these soils is related to human activity aiming at increasing soil fertility and overcoming the need of bedding material, the basic aims of the plaggen management in Europe. Highest P contents ever found for this kind of soils and references from the literature indicate that the formation of the soils in Norway started at Viking time, hence, being older than most other Plaggic Anthrosols.
Raman investigation of artificial patinas on recent bronze protected by different azole type inhibitors in an outdoor environment
Authors: Kosec Tadeja , Legat Andraž , Ropret Polonca 
Published: July 2014

Bronze surfaces, as well as prepatinated surfaces on bronze, undergo chemical and visual changes when exposed to humid and polluted environments. For this reason, it is important to study the effectiveness of corrosion inhibitors on patinated‐bronze surfaces. The aim of this study was to investigate different protection systems for patinated bronze, which are based on the use of two azole type inhibitors: 2‐mercaptobenzimidazole and benzotriazole. The results of our practice confirmed that these inhibitors were very effective when immersed in a corrosive solution containing inhibitor for 24 h. The inhibited layers were then protected by a water‐repellant layer. In the case of the studied patinas, green chloride and green nitrate patinas, applied over the brown artist's patina, were tested, as well as brown patina and the patina that develops on bare bronze. The study was performed after each chemical patination and the application of the two different inhibitors.The inhibition systems used on the different chemically achieved patinas were characterized by Raman spectroscopy and electrochemical techniques. The results of the Raman studies showed a chemical interaction of both inhibitors with copper and bronze but a versatile interaction between the inhibitors and the different patinas. The chemical interaction of benzotriazole was observed on the nitrate patina, whereas the mercaptobenzimidazole showed interaction also with the chloride‐type patina. Electrochemical tests proved the interaction, which had been detected by Raman spectroscopy. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multidisciplinary cancer care: Does it improve outcomes?
Authors: Brar Savtaj S. , Hong Nicole Look , Wright Frances C. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractMultidisciplinary care has been advocated as a solution for increasingly complex treatment decisions in cancer patients. The impact of multidisciplinary care on patient survival has been studied, but evidence is limited by poor methodological quality. Lack of conclusive evidence for increased survival is balanced against improvements in quality of care, guideline adherence, reduction in wait times, and greater satisfaction for patients and care providers. J. Surg. Oncol. 2014 110:494–499. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hybrids of the Benzofuran Core from Natural Products and the 2,4‐Dihydroxy‐5‐isopropylbenzene Fragment as Potent Hsp90 Inhibitors: Design, Synthesis and Bioevaluation
Authors: Jia Jian‐Min , Liu Fang , Xu Xiao‐Li , Guo Xiao‐Ke , Jiang Fen , Huang Hao‐Zhe , Pan Yang , Cherfaoui Bahidja , Sun Hao‐Peng , You Qi‐Dong 
Published: July 2014

AbstractSeveral chemical fragments have been confirmed as highly efficient cores for the design of Hsp90 inhibitors. Molecular hybridization of potent fragments has been widely used as a rational drug discovery strategy. In this study, a novel class of hybrids of benzofuran, a privileged core from natural products, and 2,4‐dihydroxy‐5‐isopropyl phenyl, an efficient fragment in Hsp90 inhibitors, were designed and synthesized. Subsequent evaluation confirmed they inhibited cell proliferation and regulated the level of client proteins through Hsp90 inhibition. Some of the hybrids can serve as leads to obtain novel chemotypes of Hsp90 inhibitors. The methods reported here may expand the range of known structural types accommodated by the ATP binding site of Hsp90.
Wave‐CAIPI for highly accelerated 3D imaging
Authors: Bilgic Berkin , Gagoski Borjan A. , Cauley Stephen F. , Fan Audrey P. , Polimeni Jonathan R. , Grant P. Ellen , Wald Lawrence L. , Setsompop Kawin 
Published: July 2014

PurposeTo introduce the wave‐CAIPI (controlled aliasing in parallel imaging) acquisition and reconstruction technique for highly accelerated 3D imaging with negligible g‐factor and artifact penalties.MethodsThe wave‐CAIPI 3D acquisition involves playing sinusoidal
and
gradients during the readout of each
encoding line while modifying the 3D phase encoding strategy to incur interslice shifts as in 2D‐CAIPI acquisitions. The resulting acquisition spreads the aliasing evenly in all spatial directions, thereby taking full advantage of 3D coil sensitivity distribution. By expressing the voxel spreading effect as a convolution in image space, an efficient reconstruction scheme that does not require data gridding is proposed. Rapid acquisition and high‐quality image reconstruction with wave‐CAIPI is demonstrated for high‐resolution magnitude and phase imaging and quantitative susceptibility mapping.ResultsWave‐CAIPI enables full‐brain gradient echo acquisition at 1 mm isotropic voxel size and R = 3 × 3 acceleration with maximum g‐factors of 1.08 at 3T and 1.05 at 7T. Relative to the other advanced Cartesian encoding strategies (2D‐CAIPI and bunched phase encoding) wave‐CAIPI yields up to two‐fold reduction in maximum g‐factor for nine‐fold acceleration at both field strengths.ConclusionWave‐CAIPI allows highly accelerated 3D acquisitions with low artifact and negligible g‐factor penalties, and may facilitate clinical application of high‐resolution volumetric imaging. Magn Reson Med 73:2152–2162, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.