bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Learners' attitudes toward regional dialects and destination preferences in study abroad
Authors: Shiri Sonia 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis study explored the impact of short‐term study abroad on the language attitudes of college‐level learners of Arabic in the United States. It investigated students' destination preferences in various Arabic‐speaking countries, their attitudes toward learning Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) and regional dialects, and the factors that they perceived as influencing their attitudes. Survey responses from 371 participants indicated that learning Arabic in the Arab world favorably impacted students' attitudes toward dialect learning and sociolinguistic awareness. Students in this sample rejected learning MSA exclusively, believed that learning any dialect was important, and they became open to learning multiple dialects, including those that are less commonly taught. Respondents attributed this attitude shift to the change in their learning context, i.e., learning Arabic in an Arab country.
Preventive Pharmacotherapy in Migraine
Authors: Rizzoli Paul 
Published: November 2013

Migraine prevention can be instrumental in the effective management of the migraine patient but remains underused in treatment of this common, chronic, and often debilitating condition. The development of methysergide as the first migraine preventive agent not only laid the groundwork for our current thinking about migraine prevention, but also created a paradigm shift away from migraine as a psychological issue and toward migraine as a legitimate medical condition.This short review is intended to help the reader select patients appropriate for prevention and to initiate, monitor, and adjust preventive treatment. Goals in discussing preventive management are to facilitate provider familiarity with and confidence in this therapy leading to improved clinical outcomes and to a reduced burden of headache‐related disability. Optimal therapeutic success is best achieved in the setting of a strong therapeutic alliance. Medication options for prevention are reviewed. Continued educational efforts directed at both patient and provider may be required to improve treatment utilization and reduce headache impact.
Reperfusion after 4·5 Hours Reduces Infarct Growth and Improves Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Picanço Miguel R. , Christensen Søren , Campbell Bruce C. V. , Churilov Leonid , Parsons Mark W. , Desmond Patricia M. , Barber P. Alan , Levi Christopher R. , Bladin Christopher F. , Donnan Geoffrey A. , Davis Stephen M. ,   for the EPITHET Investigators
Published: November 2013

Background The currently proven time window for thrombolysis in ischemic stroke is 4·5 h. Beyond this, the risks and benefits of thrombolysis are uncertain. Aims To determine whether thrombolysis and reperfusion were beneficial after 4·5 h, we examined clinical and radiological outcomes in patients treated with tissue plasminogen activator or placebo within 4·5–6 h, using data from the Echoplanar Imaging Thrombolytic Evaluation Trial. Methods In the Echoplanar Imaging Thrombolytic Evaluation Trial, ischemic stroke patients presenting three to six-hours after stroke onset were randomized to tissue plasminogen activator or placebo, without knowledge of magnetic resonance imaging results. This analysis was restricted to patients treated between 4·5 and 6 h. The effect of tissue plasminogen activator and reperfusion on infarct growth between baseline diffusion-weighted imaging and day 90 T2 imaging was assessed, along with good neurological outcome (⩾8 point reduction or reaching 0–1 at 90 days on National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale) and functional outcome (modified Rankin scale). The effect of tissue plasminogen activator on reperfusion was also analyzed. Results Sixty-nine patients were treated 4·5–6 h after onset, and infarct growth was assessed in 63. Tissue plasminogen activator was associated with lower relative growth (94% vs. 168%, P = 0·03) and a trend to lower absolute growth (−0·17 ml versus 9·6 ml, P = 0·07). Reperfusion was increased in the tissue plasminogen activator group (58% versus 25%, P = 0·03) and was associated with increased rates of good neurological (86% versus 28% P < 0·001) and functional (modified Rankin scale 0–2 73% versus 34%, P = 0·01) outcomes. Reperfusion was strongly associated with lower relative (80% versus 189%, P < 0·001) and absolute (−2·5 ml versus 40 ml, P < 0·001) infarct growth. Conclusions Thrombolysis 4·5–6 h after stroke onset reduced infarct growth and increased the rate of reperfusion, which was associated with good neurological and functional outcome.
Obese patients undergoing cystectomy: A population‐based, propensity score matched analysis
Authors: Tyson Mark D , Humphreys Mitchell R , Castle Erik P 
Published: November 2013

ObjectiveTo examine the impact of body mass index, as a measure of obesity, on the surgical outcomes of cystectomy.MethodsThe American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was used to acquire data on 1293 cystectomies carried out from 2005 to 2011. Patients were divided into two groups: body mass index <30 kg/m2 and ≥30 kg/m2. A propensity score‐matched analysis of perioperative outcomes was carried out.ResultsA total of 869 patients had a body mass index <30, whereas 424 had a body mass index ≥30. Unadjusted comparisons showed higher rates of superficial surgical site infections (8.7% vs 5.3%, P = 0.04), renal insufficiency (4.0% vs 1.7%, P = 0.01) and increased operative times (365.7 min vs 338.6 min, P = 0.0004) in the obese patients, but interestingly lower rates of pneumonia (2.4% vs 4.8, P = 0.03) and cerebral vascular accidents (0.0% vs 0.9%, P = 0.05). However, the latter two observations might be explained by more tobacco use among non‐obese patients (26.6 mean pack‐years vs 20.0 mean pack‐years, P = 0.004). Notably, no differences in 30‐day mortality were noted. After adjusting for preoperative demographic and clinical data using propensity score‐matching methods, there were no observed differences between the two cohorts except for operative time (P = 0.04).ConclusionsObesity is not independently associated with an increased risk of perioperative complications or 30‐day mortality after cystectomy.
High percent tumor volume predicts biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy in pathological stage T3a prostate cancer with a negative surgical margin
Authors: You Dalsan , Jeong In Gab , Song Cheryn , Cho Yong Mee , Hong Jun Hyuk , Kim Choung‐Soo , Ahn Hanjong 
Published: November 2013

ObjectivesTo evaluate the impact of percent tumor volume and surgical margin status on biochemical recurrence in pT3–T4 prostate cancer.MethodsA total of 397 patients who had pT3–T4N0 diseases and did not receive neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy were included for analysis.ResultsIn the entire cohort, prostate‐specific antigen (per 1 ng/mL increase; hazard ratio 1.019; P = 0.002), pathological stage (T3b–T4 vs T3a; hazard ratio 2.283; P < 0.001), Gleason score (≥8 vs ≤6; hazard ratio 5.290; P = 0.005), surgical margin status (multiple positive vs negative; hazard ratio 1.839; P = 0.003) and lymphovascular invasion (present vs absent; hazard ratio 1.641; P = 0.008) were independent predictors of recurrence. Percent tumor volume was an independent predictor of recurrence in T3a diseases with negative surgical margins. In analysis using receiver operating characteristic curve, a threshold of 12% showed the best balance of sensitivity and specificity, 66% and 67%, respectively. The 5‐year recurrence‐free survival rates of pT3a diseases with negative surgical margin were 85.2% for percent tumor volume ≤12% and 57.7% for percent tumor volume >12% (P < 0.001). Patients with pT3a with negative surgical margins and percent tumor volume >12% showed comparable 5‐year recurrence‐free survival rate compared with those with pT3a with positive surgical margin (57.7% vs 57.6%; P = 0.763).ConclusionsDespite having less impact on recurrence than other clinicopathological variables in pT3–T4 prostate cancer, percent tumor volume can further improve recurrence risk stratification in pT3a diseases with negative surgical margins.
Mutans streptococci remained viable on toothbrush bristles, in vivo, for 44 h
Authors: Da Silva Lea Assed Bezerra , Nelson‐Filho Paulo , Saravia Marta Estela , De Rossi Andiara , Lucisano Marília Pacífico , Da Silva Raquel Assed Bezerra 
Published: November 2013

BackgroundToothbrushes harbor a high number of cariogenic microorganisms.AimTo investigate the viability of mutans streptococci (MS) on toothbrushes bristles and the production of extracellular polysaccharide (ECP) related to drying time.DesignTwenty children were submitted to brushing without dentifrice. Toothbrushes were kept at room temperature from 0 to 48 h and then submitted to microbiological processing. The number of MS colonies/biofilms was expressed according to scores: 0 = no colonies were detected; 1 = 1 to 50; 2 = 51 to 100; 3 = over 100. The amount of ECP was evaluated according to scores: 0 = absence; 1 = ECP recovering until 50% of the surface; 2 = ECP recovering more than 50% of the surface. Data were analyzed by Wilcoxon test (α = 5%).ResultsAt the periods of 0 to 16 h, the toothbrushes had intense bacterial contamination (score 3). From the 18‐h, there was a statistically significant decrease in the MS viability (P = 0.0078), with predominance of score 1 on periods of 20 to 44 h. The most detected ECP amount was at 0‐ and 12‐h period (P < 0.05) with reduction until 32‐h period.ConclusionsMutans streptococci remained viable on toothbrushes bristles, in vivo, for 44 h.
Geospatial and Temporal Analysis of a 20‐Year Record of Landsat‐Based Water Clarity in Minnesota's 10,000 Lakes
Authors: Olmanson Leif G. , Brezonik Patrick L. , Bauer Marvin E. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA large 20‐year database on water clarity for all Minnesota lakes ≥8 ha was analyzed statistically for spatial distributions, temporal trends, and relationships with in‐lake and watershed factors that potentially affect lake clarity. The database includes Landsat‐based water clarity estimates expressed in terms of Secchi depth (SDLandsat), an integrative measure of water quality, for more than 10,500 lakes for time periods centered around 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, and 2005. Minnesota lake clarity is lower (more turbid) in the south and southwest and clearer in the north and northeast; this pattern is evident at the levels of individual lakes and ecoregions. Temporal trends in clarity were detected in ~11% of the lakes: 4.6% had improving clarity and 6.2% had decreasing clarity. Ecoregions in southern and western Minnesota, where agriculture is the predominant land use, had higher percentages of lakes with decreasing clarity than the rest of the state, and small and shallow lakes had higher percentages of decreasing clarity trends than large and deep lakes. The mean SDLandsat statewide remained stable from 1985 to 2005 but decreased in ecoregions dominated by agricultural land use. Deep lakes had higher clarity than shallow lakes statewide and for lakes grouped by land cover. SDLandsat decreased as the percentage of agriculture and/or urban area increased at county and catchment levels and it increased with increasing forested land.
Gene polymorphisms and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Wu Xiaodan , Yuan Bowei , López Elena , Bai Chunxue , Wang Xiangdong 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe genetic component was suggested to contribute to the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a major and growing public health burden. The present review aims to characterize the evidence that gene polymorphisms contribute to the aetiology of COPD and related traits, and explore the potential relationship between certain gene polymorphisms and COPD susceptibility, severity, lung function, phenotypes, or drug effects, even though limited results from related studies lacked consistency. Most of these studies were association studies, rather than confirmatory studies. More large‐sized and strictly controlled studies are needed to prove the relationship between gene polymorphisms and the reviewed traits. More importantly, prospective confirmatory studies beyond initial association studies will be necessary to evaluate true relationships between gene polymorphisms and COPD and help individualized treatment for patients with COPD.
Relationship between periodontal disease and subclinical atherosclerosis: The Dong‐gu study
Authors: Jung Young‐Suk , Shin Min‐Ho , Kim Il‐Shin , Kweon Sun‐Seog , Lee Young‐Hoon , Kim Ok‐Joon , Kim Young‐Joon , Chung Hyun‐Ju , Kim Ok‐Su 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAimWe assessed the association of periodontal disease and number of missing teeth with subclinical atherosclerosis in an adult Korean population.Materials and MethodsCross‐sectional data from 5404 individuals aged ≥50 years were obtained from the 2008–2010 Dong‐gu study. Periodontal examinations were conducted to determine the number of missing teeth, pocket depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and bleeding on probing (BOP). The percentages of sites with PD ≥ 4 mm (PD 4%), CAL ≥ 4 mm (CAL 4%), and BOP (BOP%) were recorded for each participant. B‐mode ultrasound was performed to determine common carotid artery intima–media thickness (CCA IMT) and the presence of carotid plaques. Multivariate linear regression models were used to assess the associations between periodontal parameters and CCA IMT and carotid plaque.ResultsNumber of missing teeth was associated with increased CCA IMT, and BOP% was associated with increased CCA IMT in females only. This association was robust in never smokers.ConclusionsThe number of missing teeth was associated with CCA IMT, and BOP% was associated with CCA IMT in females only. These associations were robust in never smokers. Our results suggest that tooth loss due to oral disease may play a role in subclinical carotid atherosclerosis.
Serotype‐dependent response of human dendritic cells stimulated with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
Authors: Díaz‐Zúñiga Jaime , Yáñez Juan Pablo , Alvarez Carla , Melgar‐Rodríguez Samanta , Hernández Marcela , Sanz Mariano , Vernal Rolando 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAimDifferent serotypes of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans have been described based on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐O‐polysaccharide antigenicity. In turn, a distinct effect of A. actinomycetemcomitans serotypes has been described on cell proliferation and pro‐inflammatory cytokine production in different human cells. This study was aimed to investigate the differential dendritic cell (DC) response when stimulated with different bacterial strains belonging to the most prevalent serotypes of A. actinomycetemcomitans (a–c).Materials and MethodsDendritic cells were obtained from healthy subjects and stimulated with increasing multiplicity of infection (MOI = 10−1−102) of A. actinomycetemcomitans, serotypes a–c, or their lipopolysaccharide (10‐50 ng/ml). The levels for interferon (IFN)‐γ, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐5, IL‐6, IL‐10, IL‐12 and IL‐23 were quantified by real‐time RT‐PCR and ELISA.ResultsVariable DC responses were detected when stimulated with the different strains of A. actinomycetemcomitans. DCs stimulated with A. actinomycetemcomitans strains belonging to the serotype b or their purified LPS expressed higher levels of IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐12, IL‐23, IFN‐γ and TNF‐α than DCs stimulated with the other serotypes.ConclusionsAggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans strains belonging to the serotype b demonstrated a higher capacity to trigger Th1 and Th17‐type cytokine production on DCs. These increased potential is likely explained by a higher immunogenicity of their LPS.
Randomized controlled effectiveness trial of executive function intervention for children on the autism spectrum
Authors: Kenworthy Lauren , Anthony Laura Gutermuth , Naiman Daniel Q. , Cannon Lynn , Wills Meagan C. , Luong‐Tran Caroline , Werner Monica Adler , Alexander Katie C. , Strang John , Bal Elgiz , Sokoloff Jennifer L. , Wallace Gregory L. 
Published: November 2013

BackgroundUnstuck and On Target (UOT) is an executive function (EF) intervention for children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) targeting insistence on sameness, flexibility, goal‐setting, and planning through a cognitive‐behavioral program of self‐regulatory scripts, guided/faded practice, and visual/verbal cueing. UOT is contextually‐based because it is implemented in school and at home, the contexts in which a child uses EF skills.MethodsTo evaluate the effectiveness of UOT compared with a social skills intervention (SS), 3rd–5th graders with ASD (mean IQ = 108; UOT n = 47; SS n = 20) received interventions delivered by school staff in small group sessions. Students were matched for gender, age, race, IQ, ASD symptomotolgy, medication status, and parents' education. Interventions were matched for ‘dose’ of intervention and training. Measures of pre–post change included classroom observations, parent/teacher report, and direct child measures of problem‐solving, EF, and social skills. Schools were randomized and evaluators, but not parents or teachers, were blinded to intervention type.ResultsInterventions were administered with high fidelity. Children in both groups improved with intervention, but mean change scores from pre‐ to postintervention indicated significantly greater improvements for UOT than SS groups in: problem‐solving, flexibility, and planning/organizing. Also, classroom observations revealed that participants in UOT made greater improvements than SS participants in their ability to follow rules, make transitions, and be flexible. Children in both groups made equivalent improvements in social skills.ConclusionsThese data support the effectiveness of the first contextually‐based EF intervention for children with ASD. UOT improved classroom behavior, flexibility, and problem‐solving in children with ASD. Individuals with variable background/training in ASD successfully implemented UOT in mainstream educational settings.
Unthinking Modernity: Historical‐Sociological, Epistemological and Logical Pathways
Authors: Ascione Gennaro 
Published: November 2013

AbstractModernity remains the privileged theoretical frame and narrative for long term processes at the global scale, notwithstanding the heterogeneously contested definition of its spatiotemporal coordinates, the irreconcilability of contradictions inherent to its alleged emancipatory power and the accusations of complicity with Eurocentrism. This article explores some logical, epistemological and historical‐sociological contradictions inherent in the effort to produce non‐euorcentric categories of social and historical analysis, and explains why such an effort is doomed to failure if modernity keeps on being accepted as the epistemic territory within which such an effort is located. Eurocentrism is thus defined as palingenetic, to the extent it constantly shifts its contextual meaning while reformulating European centrality in different and ever‐changing modalities; such properties of Eurocentrism as a paradigm are conceptualized in terms of its ability to operate by means of consequential isomorphism. Evidences from recent debates in history of scientific modernity are considered, in order to articulate analytical tensions between connected histories and dialogical civilizational narratives of East and West relation at the global scale. The impossibility to explain the ‘why’ of modernity according to a coherent ‘how’ of modernity without falling into Eurocentric structures of thinking is assessed. Finally, theoretical project of “unthinking modernity” is introduced as a possible way to reframe the problem of Eurocentric limits in historical and social sciences.
What Do Urban Black Mothers Tell Their Adolescents About Alcohol and Other Drugs?
Authors: Zaharakis Nikola M. , Taylor Katherine A. , Kliewer Wendy 
Published: November 2013

This study utilized qualitative content analysis to examine messages conveyed about alcohol and other drugs by urban Black mothers (N = 130) with a personal, familial, or personal and familial history of problematic substance use to younger and older adolescents (M = 15.2 years). Data from a two‐cohort longitudinal sample revealed considerable similarity in themes across the younger and older cohorts. Results suggest Black mothers offer more messages of information and advice to younger adolescents, while communicating directives related to use to older adolescents.
The Priority Principle from Kant to Frege
Authors: Heis Jeremy 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn a famous passage (A68/B93), Kant writes that “the understanding can make no other use of […] concepts than that of judging by means of them.” Kant's thought is often called the thesis of the priority of judgments over concepts. We find a similar sounding priority thesis in Frege: “it is one of the most important differences between my mode of interpretation and the Boolean mode […] that I do not proceed from concepts, but from judgments.” Many interpreters have thought that Frege's priority principle is close to (or at least derivable from) Kant's. I argue that it is not. Nevertheless, there was a gradual historical development that began with Kant's priority thesis and culminated in Frege's new logic.
Influence of Uridine Diphosphate‐Glucuronyltransferase 2B7 (UGT2B7) Variants on Postoperative Buprenorphine Analgesia
Authors: Sastre José A. , Varela Gonzalo , López Mónica , Muriel Clemente , González‐Sarmiento Rogelio 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackgroundGenetic factors are known to influence individual differences in pain and sensitivity to analgesics. Different genetic polymorphisms in opioid‐metabolizing enzymes that can affect the analgesic response to opioids have been proposed. This study investigates a possible difference in the response to postoperative buprenorphine analgesia related to the presence of different isoforms (cytosine or thymine substitution at nucleotide 802) of UGT2B7 gene.MethodsTransdermal buprenorphine was administered to 91 patients who underwent muscle‐sparing thoracotomy. UGT2B7 polymorphism at locus C802T (His268Tyr) was detected using a PCR Taqman‐based procedure. The severity of postoperative pain at rest and during coughing or deep inspiration was assessed by visual analog scale score after surgery. Hospital stay and perioperative opioid consumption were collected.ResultsGenotype frequencies were 18.4% for UGT2B7*1/*1, 52.9% for UGT2B7*1/*2, and 28.7% for UGT2B7*2/*2. VAS pain scores at rest were statistically similar among the groups except at 24, 60, and 120 hours (UGT2B7*2/*2 genotype showing higher pain scores). Patients with the UGT2B7*2/*2 genotype showed higher VAS scores triggered by coughing after the 48 hours (P < 0.05). In addition, patients with this genotype reported a higher prevalence of severe pain after 48 postoperative hours (P < 0.05). Thirty‐eight percent of patients carrying genotype UGT2B7*2/*2 experienced severe pain in a final survey vs. 17% in the group with UGT2B7*1/*1 (P = 0.36).ConclusionsThe presence of the SNP 802C>T UGT2B7 (UGT2B7*2/*2) is associated with a worse analgesic response to transdermal buprenorphine in the postoperative period of thoracic surgery.