bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nosema ceranae alters a highly conserved hormonal stress pathway in honeybees
Authors: Mayack C. , Natsopoulou M. E. , McMahon D. P. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractNosema ceranae, an emerging pathogen of the western honeybee (Apis mellifera), is implicated in recent pollinator losses and causes severe energetic stress. However, whether precocious foraging and accelerated behavioural maturation in infected bees are caused by the infection itself or via indirect energetic stress remains unknown. Using a combination of nutritional and infection treatments, we investigated how starvation and infection alters the regulation of adipokinetic hormone (AKH) and octopamine, two highly conserved physiological pathways that respond to energetic stress by mobilizing fat stores and increasing search activity for food. Although there was no response from AKH when bees were experimentally infected with N. ceranae or starved, supporting the notion that honeybees have lost this pathway, there were significant regulatory changes in the octopamine pathway. Significantly, we found no evidence of acute energetic stress being the only cause of symptoms associated with N. ceranae infection. Therefore, the parasite itself appears to alter regulatory components along a highly conserved physiological pathway in an infection‐specific manner. This indicates that pathogen‐induced behavioural alteration of chronically infected bees should not just be viewed as a coincidental short‐term by‐product of pathogenesis (acute energetic stress) and may be a result of a generalist manipulation strategy to obtain energy for reproduction.
Among the S100 proteins, S100A12 is the most significant marker for psoriasis disease activity
Authors: Wilsmann‐Theis D. , Wagenpfeil J. , Holzinger D. , Roth J. , Koch S. , Schnautz S. , Bieber T. , Wenzel J. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackgroundPsoriasis is a chronic skin disease with deregulation of proteins in the immune system. These proteins include members of the heterogeneous S100 family, which have been discussed as potential biomarkers for disease severity.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of S100A7, S100A8, S100A9 and S100A12 as possible markers for disease activity in patients with psoriasis skin disease.Patients and MethodsS100A7, S100A8, S100A9 and S100A12 mRNA expression was determined in the skin of patients with psoriasis and controls (N = 341) by gene expression analyses. In addition, S100 serum levels were investigated by ELISA in an independent cohort of psoriasis patients (i) untreated, with different manifestations (skin/joints), (ii) under treatment (etanercept) and (iii) healthy controls, (N = 55).ResultsAll S100‐subtypes included are significantly upregulated in psoriasis skin lesions when compared with atopic dermatitis, lichen ruber and healthy donors. In untreated psoriasis patients, S100A12‐serum levels showed the closest association with disease activity (PASI) (r = 0.542; P < 0.01). Serum levels decreased under treatment with etanercept (P < 0.05).ConclusionAmong the investigated S100‐proteins, S100A12 showed the closest association with disease activity and therapeutic response and might therefore provide a valuable biomarker for psoriasis.
Consumer involvement in mental health education for health professionals: feasibility and support for the role
Authors: Happell Brenda , Bennetts Wanda , Platania‐Phung Chris , Tohotoa Jenny 
Published: September 2015

Aims and ObjectivesTo explore factors impacting on the feasibility of academic and educator roles for consumers of mental health services. The supports required to facilitate these roles from the perspectives of mental health nurse academics and consumer educators/academics will also be explored.BackgroundInvolving consumers in the education of health professionals is becoming more common. Frequently this strategy is viewed as important to influence the attitudes of health professionals towards consumer participation in mental health services. There remains a paucity of research about these roles and the factors which promote and support their feasibility.DesignQualitative exploratory.MethodIn‐depth telephone interviews were undertaken with 34 nurse academics and 12 consumer educators or academics. Participants included nurse academics coordinating undergraduate and postgraduate mental health subjects, and consumer academics and educators involved in teaching mental health nursing components. Interviews were 20 – 45 minutes in duration. Data were analysed thematically.ResultsFour subthemes were identified under the broad theme of feasibility and support: Reliability, support, vulnerability and seen to be griping.ConclusionsSignificant barriers were identified by nurses and consumers to effective consumer involvement, largely reflecting the impact of mental health challenges. Despite this, there was little evidence of structured support being available to enhance the viability of these positions.Relevance to clinical practiceInvolving consumers in the education of health professionals through teaching, curriculum development, assessment and evaluation, is likely to enhance consumer participation in mental health services and ultimately improve service delivery. This involvement needs to be genuine to be effective. Consumers are often viewed as unreliable, vulnerable and using education to voice their own negative experiences. These issues and lack of support provided pose major barriers to successful roles, strategies to overcome barriers and maximise the effectiveness of roles require investigation and implementation.
Pythium aphanidermatum Causing Pythium Rot on Lampranthus spectabilis in Korea
Authors: Park Mi‐Jeong , Han Kyung‐Sook , Kim Jin‐Won , Park Ji‐Hyun , Shin Hyeon‐Dong 
Published: September 2015

AbstractPythium aphanidermatum was found to be associated with rotting of leaves and stems in Lampranthus spectabilis in the summers of 2013 and 2014. Infected plants were initially characterized by water‐soaked and discoloured tissue, which are soon covered with cottony aerial hyphae. Subsequently, infected tissues wilted, leaves and stems appeared desiccated, and infected plants died. Pathogenicity of a representative isolate was proved, fulfilling Koch's postulates. Sequence of the internal transcribed spacer region of ribosomal DNA from the isolate shared 100% identity with that of P. aphanidermatum. To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. aphanidermatum causing leaf and stem rot on L. spectabilis in Korea.
Measuring Involvement of a Network of Customers in NPD
Authors: Lynch Patrick , O'Toole Thomas , Biemans Wim 
Published: September 2015

The new product development (NPD) literature is rife with suggestions to involve customers in the innovation process, and many firms collaborate with customers. But the extant literature does not offer much guidance concerning the nature and quality of involving such a network of customers. This paper contributes to the extant literature on customer involvement by identifying a comprehensive set of metrics to measure the involvement of a network of customers in NPD. It introduces metrics describing three aspects of customer involvement: (1) the rationale for involving a network of customers in NPD, (2) the network of customers involved in NPD, and (3) the interaction process between manufacturer and customers at the level of individual customers. These metrics help to understand the roles of customers, the timing of their involvement at each stage in the development process, the type and number of customers that are involved, as well as the frequency and intensity of their involvement.The use of these metrics is illustrated by a study of customer network involvement by Irish business‐to‐business companies. Forty‐six percent of the sampled firms (n = 1400) were actively involved in NPD, but very few of them involved customers in the early stages (n = 77). The involvement of customers in early NPD stages is significant, although manufacturers tend to go back to the same customers repeatedly. The intensity of customer involvement is also extensive, but even more so during the later NPD stages, especially for new products as opposed to product improvements.By incorporating a network perspective, the proposed metrics for customer network involvement provide a new approach for researchers to study the involvement of customers in NPD.
Macroecological patterns of archaeal ammonia oxidizers in the Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Sintes Eva , De Corte Daniele , Ouillon Natascha , Herndl Gerhard J. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractMacroecological patterns are found in animals and plants, but also in micro‐organisms. Macroecological and biogeographic distribution patterns in marine Archaea, however, have not been studied yet. Ammonia‐oxidizing Archaea (AOA) show a bipolar distribution (i.e. similar communities in the northernmost and the southernmost locations, separated by distinct communities in the tropical and gyral regions) throughout the Atlantic, detectable from epipelagic to upper bathypelagic layers (<2000 m depth). This tentatively suggests an influence of the epipelagic conditions of organic matter production on bathypelagic AOA communities. The AOA communities below 2000 m depth showed a less pronounced biogeographic distribution pattern than the upper 2000 m water column. Overall, AOA in the surface and deep Atlantic waters exhibit distance–decay relationships and follow the Rapoport rule in a similar way as bacterial communities and macroorganisms. This indicates a major role of environmental conditions in shaping the community composition and assembly (species sorting) and no, or only weak limits for dispersal in the oceanic thaumarchaeal communities. However, there is indication of a different strength of these relationships between AOA and Bacteria, linked to the intrinsic differences between these two domains.
Multilocus analysis of nucleotide variation and speciation in three closely related Populus (Salicaceae) species
Authors: Du Shuhui , Wang Zhaoshan , Ingvarsson Pär K. , Wang Dongsheng , Wang Junhui , Wu Zhiqiang , Tembrock Luke R. , Zhang Jianguo 
Published: September 2015

AbstractHistorical tectonism and climate oscillations can isolate and contract the geographical distributions of many plant species, and they are even known to trigger species divergence and ultimately speciation. Here, we estimated the nucleotide variation and speciation in three closely related Populus species, Populus tremuloides, P. tremula and P. davidiana, distributed in North America and Eurasia. We analysed the sequence variation in six single‐copy nuclear loci and three chloroplast (cpDNA) fragments in 497 individuals sampled from 33 populations of these three species across their geographic distributions. These three Populus species harboured relatively high levels of nucleotide diversity and showed high levels of nucleotide differentiation. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that P. tremuloides diverged earlier than the other two species. The cpDNA haplotype network result clearly illustrated the dispersal route from North America to eastern Asia and then into Europe. Molecular dating results confirmed that the divergence of these three species coincided with the sundering of the Bering land bridge in the late Miocene and a rapid uplift of the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau around the Miocene/Pliocene boundary. Vicariance‐driven successful allopatric speciation resulting from historical tectonism and climate oscillations most likely played roles in the formation of the disjunct distributions and divergence of these three Populus species.
Inequality of Income and Wealth in the Long Run: A Kaldorian Perspective
Authors: Ryoo Soon 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe paper examines the determinants of income and wealth inequality in a Kaldorian model. The approach is different from both the mainstream approach that stresses properties of production function and the Kaleckian approach that emphasizes the long‐run adjustment of utilization. The analysis identifies several developments that may have increased inequality since the 1980s, including the shift of the power relation in favor of top managerial pay, the decline in the retention rate, increasing share buybacks, rising indebtedness of lower‐income households and stock market booms. In contrast to Piketty's explanation, the decline in the natural growth rate reduces inequality in this Kaldorian framework.
Altered expression ofTaRSL4gene by genome interplay shapes root hair length in allopolyploid wheat
Authors: Han Yao , Xin Mingming , Huang Ke , Xu Yuyun , Liu Zhenshan , Hu Zhaorong , Yao Yingyin , Peng Huiru , Ni Zhongfu , Sun Qixin 
Published: September 2015

SummaryPolyploidy is a major driving force in plant evolution and speciation. Phenotypic changes often arise with the formation, natural selection and domestication of polyploid plants. However, little is known about the consequence of hybridization and polyploidization on root hair development.Here, we report that root hair length of synthetic and natural allopolyploid wheats is significantly longer than those of their diploid progenitors, whereas no difference is observed between allohexaploid and allotetraploid wheats.The expression of wheat geneTaRSL4, an orthologue ofAtRSL4controlling the root hair development inArabidopsis, was positively correlated with the root hair length in diploid and allotetraploid wheats. Moreover, transcript abundance ofTaRSL4homoeologue from A genome (TaRSL4‐A) was much higher than those of other genomes in natural allopolyploid wheat. Notably, increased root hair length by overexpression of theTaRSL4‐Ain wheat led to enhanced shoot fresh biomass under nutrient‐poor conditions.Our observations indicate that increased root hair length in allohexaploid wheat originated in the allotetraploid progenitors and altered expression ofTaRSL4gene by genome interplay shapes root hair length in allopolyploid wheat.
A finite element analysis of the maxillary first molar PDL with maxillary protraction in a mixed dentition Class III malocclusion
Authors: Tanaka O. M. , Araújo E. A. , Oliver D. R. , Behrents R. G. 
Published: September 2015

Structured AbstractObjectivesTo analyze the stress distribution on the PDL of the maxillary first molar in a mixed dentition Class III malocclusion, using a Hyrax‐type appliance and maxillary protraction.Setting and Sample PopulationA Class III malocclusion in the mixed dentition was reconstructed based on CBCT images.Material and MethodsThe 3D FEM comprised the maxilla, alveolar bone, right first permanent molar teeth, and PDL and consisted of 1 133 497 nodes and 573 726 elements. Maxillary protraction force was applied to a hook positioned close to the deciduous canines with 600 g and at 15°, 30°, and 45° downward angles to the maxillary occlusal plane.ResultsAnalysis was carried out from the top and buccal view of the sagittal plane. The magnitude of the stresses at 15°, 30°, and 45° of protraction angulation resulted in the highest stress magnitude being in the region between the distobuccal and palatal roots, as well as on the distal surface of the mesial root. The vector direction in this area showed traction and mesial movement. With 30° and 45° protraction angulations, the stress was located only between the distobuccal and palatal roots, and the vector direction was more extrusive at 15°.ConclusionsThe suggested orthodontic movement is in the mesial direction with a small amount of extrusion with 15° angulation and greater extrusion with 30° and 45°.
Pubertal timing and a family history of hypertension: Prospective cohort study
Authors: Zheng Wei , Suzuki Kohta , Sato Miri , Yokomichi Hiroshi , Shinohara Ryoji , Yamagata Zentaro 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackgroundHypertension is heritable, and genetic factors likely exert an effect from childhood. Puberty is an early life milestone that may relate to adult hypertension. Therefore, this study examined whether there is an association between a family history of hypertension and pubertal growth.MethodsThe participants were children from a prospective cohort study called Project Koshu, who were born between 1991 and 1998 in Japan. Data on family history of hypertension, maternal characteristics, birth and early life factors were collected from the questionnaire administered to the mothers at the time of pregnancy registration or medical check‐up. Child age at peak height velocity (early or non‐early) was calculated from the anthropometric data collected during annual school check‐up.ResultsData on 919 children (479 boys and 440 girls) were included in the analysis; 478 participants had a family history of hypertension. After adjustment for potential confounders (birth month, maternal body mass index, maternal work status, maternal education, and paternal education), early age at peak height velocity was found to be associated with a family history of hypertension (OR, 1.52; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04–2.24; P = 0.03) and specifically, with having at least one maternal hypertensive relative (OR, 1.81; 95%CI: 1.23–2.68; P = 0.003).ConclusionsTogether with previous reports on the relationship between puberty and adult hypertension, the present results suggest that the timing of pubertal growth is involved in the process of hypertension development in people with a family history of hypertension. Further confirmative studies are needed.
In Vivo Spectrum of UVC‐induced Mutation in Mouse Skin Epidermis May Reflect the Cytosine Deamination Propensity of Cyclobutane Pyrimidine Dimers
Authors: Ikehata Hironobu , Mori Toshio , Yamamoto Masayuki 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAlthough ultraviolet radiation (UVR) has a genotoxicity for inducing skin cancers, the skin may tolerate UVC component because the epidermal layer prevents this short wavelength range from passing through. Here, UVC genotoxicity for mouse skin was evaluated in terms of DNA damage formation and mutagenicity. UVC induced UVR photolesions and mutations remarkably in the epidermis but poorly in the dermis, confirming the barrier ability of the epidermis against shorter UVR wavelengths. Moreover, the epidermis itself responded to UVC mutagenicity with mutation induction suppression, which suppressed the mutant frequencies to a remarkably low, constant level regardless of UVC dose. The mutation spectrum observed in UVC‐exposed epidermis showed a predominance of UV‐signature mutation, which occurred frequently in 5′‐TCG‐3′, 5′‐TCA‐3′ and 5′‐CCA‐3′ contexts. Especially, for the former two contexts, the mutations recurred at several sites with more remarkable recurrences at the 5′‐TCG‐3′ sites. Comparison of the UVC mutation spectrum with those observed in longer UVR wavelength ranges led us to a mechanism that explains why the sequence context preference of UV‐signature mutation changes according to the wavelength, which is based on the difference in the mCpG preference of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) formation among UVR ranges and the sequence context‐dependent cytosine deamination propensity of CPD.
The investigation of the skin biophysical measurements focusing on daily activities, skin care habits, and gender differences
Authors: Hadi H. , Awadh A. I. , Hanif N. M. , Md Sidik N. F. A. , Mohd Rani M. R. N. , Suhaimi M. S. M. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackgroundSkin, as a protective barrier to exogenous substances, can be modulated by various internal and external factors that can affect its functional state. In order to prevent the early symptoms and signs of diseases of the skin, frequent skin health assessment should be performed. The aims of the study were to evaluate four skin properties of transepidermal water loss (TEWL), hydration, elasticity, and pigmentation using a non‐invasive skin assessment tool, DermaLab Combo®, and also to determine possible factors that may influence skin condition.MethodsDermaLab® Combo was used to measure TEWL, hydration, pigmentation, and elasticity on the forearm of volunteers by using different probes. In this study, four parameters were observed to reflect the health of the skin in 100 volunteers.ResultsThere were significant differences (P < 0.05) between TEWL, hydration, pigmentation, and elasticity in different genders on the same anatomical site of the forearm. Female subjects have a higher average value of TEWL, hydration, and elasticity compared to male subjects. The differences may be due to an individual's daily activity and use of skin care products as well as environmental factors. The use of moisturiser and drinking lots of water may keep the skin hydrated and delay the process of skin ageing as shown by the better hydration and elasticity observed (P < 0.05).ConclusionIn this study, it can be concluded that DermaLab® Combo is a reliable skin analysis instrument that offers high precision, accuracy, and reproducibility for all the measuring parameters. It has also been found that daily activities and habits influence skin condition as reflected by the measurement of these biophysical skin parameters.
Ammonia emissions from cattle slurries applied to grassland: should application techniques be reconsidered?
Authors: Huijsmans J. F. M. , Schröder J. J. , Mosquera J. , Vermeulen G. D. , Ten Berge H. F. M. , Neeteson J. J. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAmmonia is easily lost after land spreading of livestock slurries. Low‐emission techniques entailing injection and trailing shoes have therefore become compulsory in the Netherlands on grassland. There is an argument that the emission of ammonia after surface application is overestimated and that the emission of various other nitrogen (N) compounds, following the prescribed low‐emission techniques, is underestimated. Opponents also claim that injection in particular decreases grassland yields due to its negative effect on soil quality and biodiversity. They state that a similar reduction in ammonia emissions could be realized via low‐protein dairy cow diets and slurry spreading under favourable weather conditions. This study evaluates these claims and concludes that low‐emission techniques reduce the loss of ammonia effectively and increase the availability of N to grassland. There are no indications that low‐emission techniques per se have negative effects on soil quality, the productivity of crops and biodiversity. It has also been demonstrated that the efficacy of proposed alternatives is limited.
Ammonia emissions from cattle dung, urine and urine with dicyandiamide in a temperate grassland
Authors: Fischer K. , Burchill W. , Lanigan G. J. , Kaupenjohann M. , Chambers B. J. , Richards K. G. , Forrestal P. J. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractDeposition of urine and dung in pasture‐based livestock production systems is a major source of ammonia (NH3) volatilization, contributing to the eutrophication and acidification of water bodies and to indirect nitrous oxide emissions. The objectives of this study were to (i) measure NH3 volatilization from dung and urine in three seasons, (ii) test the effect of spiking urine with the nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide (DCD) on NH3 volatilization and (iii) generate NH3 emission factors (EFs) for dung, urine and urine + DCD in temperate maritime grassland. Accordingly, simulated dung, urine and urine spiked with DCD (at 30 kg DCD/ha equivalent rate) patches were applied to temperate grassland. Treatments were applied three times in 2014 with one measurement of NH3 loss being completed in spring, summer and autumn. The NH3‐N EF was highest in spring, which was most likely due to the near absence of rainfall throughout the duration of loss measurement. The EFs across the experiments ranged between 2.8 and 5.3% (mean 3.9%) for dung, 8.7 and 14.9% (mean 11.2%) for urine and 9.5 and 19.5% (mean 12.9%) for urine + DCD, showing that ammonia loss from dung was significantly lower than from urine. Aggregating country‐specific emission data such as those from the current experiment with data from climatically similar regions (perhaps in a weighted manner which accounts for the relative abundance of certain environmental conditions) along with modelling is a potentially resource‐efficient approach for refining national ammonia inventories.