bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TSC2/mTORC1 signaling controls Paneth and goblet cell differentiation in the intestinal epithelium
Authors: Zhou Y , Rychahou P , Wang Q , Weiss H L , Evers B M 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe intestinal mucosa undergoes a continual process of proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis, which is regulated by multiple signaling pathways. Notch signaling is critical for the control of intestinal stem cell maintenance and differentiation. However, the precise mechanisms involved in the regulation of differentiation are not fully understood. Previously, we have shown that tuberous sclerosis 2 (TSC2) positively regulates the expression of the goblet cell differentiation marker, MUC2, in intestinal cells. Using transgenic mice constitutively expressing a dominant negative TSC2 allele, we observed that TSC2 inactivation increased mTORC1 and Notch activities, and altered differentiation throughout the intestinal epithelium, with a marked decrease in the goblet and Paneth cell lineages. Conversely, treatment of mice with either Notch inhibitor dibenzazepine (DBZ) or mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin significantly attenuated the reduction of goblet and Paneth cells. Accordingly, knockdown of TSC2 activated, whereas knockdown of mTOR or treatment with rapamycin decreased, the activity of Notch signaling in the intestinal cell line LS174T. Importantly, our findings demonstrate that TSC2/mTORC1 signaling contributes to the maintenance of intestinal epithelium homeostasis by regulating Notch activity.
The assembly dynamics of the cytolytic pore toxin ClyA
Authors: Benke Stephan , Roderer Daniel , Wunderlich Bengt , Nettels Daniel , Glockshuber Rudi , Schuler Benjamin 
Published: February 2015

AbstractPore-forming toxins are protein assemblies used by many organisms to disrupt the membranes of target cells. They are expressed as soluble monomers that assemble spontaneously into multimeric pores. However, owing to their complexity, the assembly processes have not been resolved in detail for any pore-forming toxin. To determine the assembly mechanism for the ring-shaped, homododecameric pore of the bacterial cytolytic toxin ClyA, we collected a diverse set of kinetic data using single-molecule spectroscopy and complementary techniques on timescales from milliseconds to hours, and from picomolar to micromolar ClyA concentrations. The entire range of experimental results can be explained quantitatively by a surprisingly simple mechanism. First, addition of the detergent n-dodecyl-β-D-maltopyranoside to the soluble monomers triggers the formation of assembly-competent toxin subunits, accompanied by the transient formation of a molten-globule-like intermediate. Then, all sterically compatible oligomers contribute to assembly, which greatly enhances the efficiency of pore formation compared with simple monomer addition.
Nonvolatile electric-field control of magnetization in a Y-type hexaferrite
Authors: Shen Shipeng , Chai Yisheng , Sun Young 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe magnetoelectric effects in multiferroic materials enable the mutual control of electric polarization by a magnetic field and magnetization by an electric field. Nonvolatile electric-field control of magnetization is extremely important for information storage applications, but has been rarely realized in single-phase multiferroic materials. Here we demonstrate the prominent direct and converse magnetoelectric effects in the Y-type hexaferrite BaSrCoZnFe11AlO22 single crystal. The electric polarization due to conical magnetic structure can be totally reversed by a small magnetic field, giving rise to large magnetoelectric coefficients of 6000 and 4000 ps/m at 100 and 200 K, respectively. The ab-plane magnetization can be controlled by electric fields with a large hysteresis, leading to nonvolatile change of magnetization. In addition, the reversal of magnetization by electric fields is also realized at 200 K. These diverse magnetoelectric effects with large coefficients highlight the promise of hexaferrites as potential multiferroic materials.
Porous membrane with high curvature, three-dimensional heat-resistance skeleton: a new and practical separator candidate for high safety lithium ion battery
Authors: Shi Junli , Xia Yonggao , Yuan Zhizhang , Hu Huasheng , Li Xianfeng , Zhang Huamin , Liu Zhaoping 
Published: February 2015

AbstractSeparators with high reliability and security are in urgent demand for the advancement of high performance lithium ion batteries. Here, we present a new and practical porous membrane with three-dimension (3D) heat-resistant skeleton and high curvature pore structure as a promising separator candidate to facilitate advances in battery safety and performances beyond those obtained from the conventional separators. The unique material properties combining with the well-developed structural characteristics enable the 3D porous skeleton to own several favorable properties, including superior thermal stability, good wettability with liquid electrolyte, high ion conductivity and internal short-circuit protection function, etc. which give rise to acceptable battery performances. Considering the simply and cost-effective preparation process, the porous membrane is deemed to be an interesting direction for the future lithium ion battery separator.
Characterization of 10-Hydroxygeraniol Dehydrogenase from Catharanthus roseus Reveals Cascaded Enzymatic Activity in Iridoid Biosynthesis
Authors: Krithika Ramakrishnan , Srivastava Prabhakar Lal , Rani Bajaj , Kolet Swati P. , Chopade Manojkumar , Soniya Mantri , Thulasiram Hirekodathakallu V. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractCatharanthus roseus [L.] is a major source of the monoterpene indole alkaloids (MIAs), which are of significant interest due to their therapeutic value. These molecules are formed through an intermediate, cis-trans-nepetalactol, a cyclized product of 10-oxogeranial. One of the key enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of MIAs is an NAD(P)+ dependent oxidoreductase system, 10-hydroxygeraniol dehydrogenase (Cr10HGO), which catalyses the formation of 10-oxogeranial from 10-hydroxygeraniol via 10-oxogeraniol or 10-hydroxygeranial. This work describes the cloning and functional characterization of Cr10HGO from C. roseus and its role in the iridoid biosynthesis. Substrate specificity studies indicated that, Cr10HGO has good activity on substrates such as 10-hydroxygeraniol, 10-oxogeraniol or 10-hydroxygeranial over monohydroxy linear terpene derivatives. Further it was observed that incubation of 10-hydroxygeraniol with Cr10HGO and iridoid synthase (CrIDS) in the presence of NADP+ yielded a major metabolite, which was characterized as (1R, 4aS, 7S, 7aR)-nepetalactol by comparing its retention time, mass fragmentation pattern and co-injection studies with that of the synthesized compound. These results indicate that there is concerted activity of Cr10HGO with iridoid synthase in the formation of (1R, 4aS, 7S, 7aR)-nepetalactol, an important intermediate in iridoid biosynthesis.
Genetic polymorphism analyses of 30 InDels in Chinese Xibe ethnic group and its population genetic differentiations with other groups
Authors: Meng Hao-Tian , Zhang Yu-Dang , Shen Chun-Mei , Yuan Guo-Lian , Yang Chun-Hua , Jin Rui , Yan Jiang-Wei , Wang Hong-Dan , Liu Wen-Juan , Jing Hang , Zhu Bo-Feng 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIn the present study, we obtained population genetic data and forensic parameters of 30 InDel loci in Chinese Xibe ethnic group from northwestern China and studied the genetic relationships between the studied Xibe group and other reference groups. The observed heterozygosities ranged from 0.1704 at HLD118 locus to 0.5247 at HLD92 locus while the expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.1559 at HLD118 locus to 0.4997 at HLD101 locus. The cumulative power of exclusion and total probability of discrimination power in the studied group were 0.9867 and 0.9999999999902 for the 30 loci, respectively. Analyses of structure, PCA, interpopulation differentiations and phylogenetic tree revealed that the Xibe group had close genetic relationships with South Korean, Beijing Han and Guangdong Han groups. The results indicated that these 30 loci should only be used as a complement for autosomal STRs in paternity cases but could provide an acceptable level of discrimination in forensic identification cases in the studied Xibe group. Further studies should be conducted for better understanding of the Xibe genetic background.
Discrete states and carrier-phonon scattering in quantum dot population dynamics
Authors: Man Minh Tan , Lee Hong Seok 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe influence of the growth conditions of multilayer CdTe/ZnTe quantum dots (QDs) on Si substrate upon their carrier dynamics is studied using intensity integration and broadening photoluminescence. The unusual temperature dependence of the line broadening is explained using a model for interband transitions that involves a lowest discrete electronic state (1Se) with different discrete hole states (1S3/2 and 2S3/2) and a 1P transition. These transitions are expected to play a critical role in both the thermally activated energy and the line broadening of the QDs. We also demonstrate that a thermally activated transition between two different states occurs with band low-temperature quenching, with values separated by 5.8–16 meV. The main nonradiative process is thermal escape assisted by carrier scattering via emission of longitudinal phonons through the hole states at high temperature, with an average energy of 19.3–20.2 meV.
Strong sub-terahertz surface waves generated on a metal wire by high-intensity laser pulses
Authors: Tokita Shigeki , Sakabe Shuji , Nagashima Takeshi , Hashida Masaki , Inoue Shunsuke 
Published: February 2015

AbstractTerahertz pulses trapped as surface waves on a wire waveguide can be flexibly transmitted and focused to sub-wavelength dimensions by using, for example, a tapered tip. This is particularly useful for applications that require high-field pulses. However, the generation of strong terahertz surface waves on a wire waveguide remains a challenge. Here, ultrafast field propagation along a metal wire driven by a femtosecond laser pulse with an intensity of 1018 W/cm2 is characterized by femtosecond electron deflectometry. From experimental and numerical results, we conclude that the field propagating at the speed of light is a half-cycle transverse-magnetic surface wave excited on the wire and a considerable portion of the kinetic energy of laser-produced fast electrons can be transferred to the sub-surface wave. The peak electric field strength of the surface wave and the pulse duration are estimated to be 200 MV/m and 7 ps, respectively.
Crmp4 deletion promotes recovery from spinal cord injury by neuroprotection and limited scar formation
Authors: Nagai Jun , Kitamura Yoshiteru , Owada Kazuki , Yamashita Naoya , Takei Kohtaro , Goshima Yoshio , Ohshima Toshio 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAxonal outgrowth inhibitors and scar formation are two major obstacles to central nervous system (CNS) repair. No target molecule that regulates both axonal growth and scarring has been identified. Here we identified collapsin response mediator protein 4 (CRMP4), a common mediator of inhibitory signals after neural injury, as a crucial factor that contributes to both axonal growth inhibition and scarring after spinal cord injury (SCI). We found increases in the inhibitory and toxic forms of CRMP4 in injured spinal cord. Notably, CRMP4 expression was evident in inflammatory cells as well as in neurons after spinal cord transection. Crmp4−/− mice displayed neuroprotection against SCI and reductions in inflammatory response and scar formation. This permissive environment for axonal growth due to CRMP4 deletion restored locomotor activity at an unusually early phase of healing. These results suggest that deletion of CRMP4 is a unique therapeutic strategy that overcomes two obstacles to CNS repair after SCI.
3D morphometric analysis of fossil canid skulls contradicts the suggested domestication of dogs during the late Paleolithic
Authors: Drake Abby Grace , Coquerelle Michael , Colombeau Guillaume 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWhether dogs were domesticated during the Pleistocene, when humans were hunter-gatherers, or during the Neolithic, when humans began to form permanent settlements and engage in agriculture, remains controversial. Recently discovered Paleolithic fossil skulls, Goyet dated 31,680 +/− 250 YBP and Eliseevichi MAE 447/5298 dated 13,905 +/− 55 YBP, were previously identified as dogs. However, new genetic studies contradict the identification of these specimens as dogs, questioning the validity of traditional measurements used to morphologically identify canid fossil skulls. We employ 3D geometric morphometric analyses to compare the cranial morphology of Goyet and Eliseevichi MAE to that of ancient and modern dogs and wolves. We demonstrate that these Paleolithic canids are definitively wolves and not dogs. Compared to mesaticephalic (wolf-like breeds) dog skulls, Goyet and Eliseevichi MAE, do not have cranial flexion and the dorsal surface of their muzzles has no concavity near the orbits. Morphologically, these early fossil canids resemble wolves and thus no longer support the establishment of dog domestication in the Paleolithic.
An Investigation of Measurement Equivalence in Hearing Response Scales: Refinement of a Questionnaire for Use in Hearing Screening
Authors: Chenault Michelene , Anteunis Lucien , Kremer Bernd , Berger Martijn 
Published: February 2015

PurposeQuestionnaires used in hearing screening should be short and demonstrate measurement equivalence across groups defined by hearing impairment and hearing aid experience. The measurement equivalence of 2 scales addressingfunctionality(experienced hearing ability) andsocial hearing(social barriers due to hearing problems) was investigated.MethodMeasurement equivalence was assessed using the differential item functioning and differential test framework within item response theory. Three comparisons were considered: (a) persons with normal hearing versus persons with hearing impairment either owning or not owning a hearing aid; (b) hearing aid users versus individuals who do not use hearing aids; (c) hearing aid users versus persons with hearing impairment who do not use a hearing aid. A protocol of differential item detection was applied consisting of ordinal regression and the log-likelihood ratio test to flag suspect items, followed by applying the log-likelihood ratio test using anchor items (items not suspect of differential item functioning).ResultsThe 11-item functionality scale was reduced to 9 items, whereas the 10-item social hearing scale was reduced to 7 items.ConclusionsApplying the differential item functioning framework resulted in shorter questionnaires displaying measurement equivalence relative to hearing impairment and hearing aid use without loss of reliability.
It Is Time to Rethink Central Auditory Processing Disorder Protocols for School-Aged Children
Authors: DeBonis David A. 
Published: February 2015

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to review the literature that pertains to ongoing concerns regarding the central auditory processing construct among school-aged children and to assess whether the degree of uncertainty surrounding central auditory processing disorder (CAPD) warrants a change in current protocols.MethodMethodology on this topic included a review of relevant and recent literature through electronic search tools (e.g., ComDisDome, PsycINFO, Medline, and Cochrane databases); published texts; as well as published articles from theJournal of the American Academy of Audiology; theAmerican Journal of Audiology; theJournal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research; andLanguage, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools.ResultsThis review revealed strong support for the following: (a) Current testing of CAPD is highly influenced by nonauditory factors, including memory, attention, language, and executive function; (b) the lack of agreement regarding the performance criteria for diagnosis is concerning; (c) the contribution of auditory processing abilities to language, reading, and academic and listening abilities, as assessed by current measures, is not significant; and (d) the effectiveness of auditory interventions for improving communication abilities has not been established.ConclusionsRoutine use of CAPD test protocols cannot be supported, and strong consideration should be given to redirecting focus on assessing overall listening abilities. Also, intervention needs to be contextualized and functional. A suggested protocol is provided for consideration. All of these issues warrant ongoing research.
Experiential Instruction in Graduate-Level Preparation of Speech-Language Pathology Students in Outer and Middle Ear Screening
Authors: Serpanos Yula C. , Senzer Deborah 
Published: February 2015

Purpose
This study presents a piloted training model of experiential instruction in outer and middle ear (OE-ME) screening for graduate speech-language pathology students with peer teaching by doctor of audiology (AuD) students.

Method
Six individual experiential training sessions in screening otoscopy and tympanometry were conducted for 36 graduate-level speech-language pathology students led by a supervised AuD student.

Results

Postexperiential training, survey outcomes from 24 speech-language pathology students revealed a significant improvement (
p
= .01) in perceptions of attaining adequate knowledge and comfort in performing screening otoscopy (handheld and video otoscopy) and tympanometry. In a group of matched controls who did not receive experiential training in OE-ME screening (
n
= 24), ratings on the same learning outcomes survey in otoscopy and tympanometry were significantly poorer (
p
= .01) compared with students who did receive experiential training.

Conclusion
A training model of experiential instruction for speech-language pathology students by AuD students improved learning outcomes, illustrating its promise in affecting clinical practices. The instructional model also meets the Council on Academic Accreditation in Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology (CAA; American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, 2008) and American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (2014) Certificate of Clinical Competence (ASHA CCC) standards for speech-language pathology in OE-ME screening and CAA (2008) and ASHA (2012) CCC standards in the supervisory process for audiology.
List Memory in Young Adults With Language Learning Disability
Authors: Sheng Li , Byrd Courtney T. , McGregor Karla K. , Zimmerman Hannah , Bludau Kadee 
Published: February 2015

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to characterize the verbal memory limitations of young adults with language learning disability (LLD).MethodSixteen young adults with LLD and 34 age- and education-matched controls with typical language participated in a Deese–Roediger–McDermott (DRM; Deese, 1959; Roediger & McDermott, 1995) list recall experiment. Participants listened to 12-item word lists that converged on a nonpresented critical item (e.g.,rain) semantically (umbrella,drench,weather,hail), phonologically (train,main,ran,wren), or dually in a hybrid list (umbrella,train,drench,main) and recalled words in no particular order. Group comparisons were made on veridical recall (i.e., words that were presented) and false recall of nonpresented critical items. Recall performance was analyzed by list type and list position to examine potential differences in the quality of memorial processes.ResultsThe LLD group produced fewer veridical recalls than the controls. Both groups demonstrated list type and list position effects in veridical recall. False recall of the critical items was comparable in the 2 groups and varied by list type in predictable ways.ConclusionYoung adults with LLD have verbal memory limitations characterized by quantitatively low levels of accurate recall. Qualitative patterns of recall are similar to those of unaffected peers. Therefore, the memory problem is characterized by limited capacity; memorial processes appear to be intact.
Psychometric Characteristics of Single-Word Tests of Children's Speech Sound Production
Authors: Flipsen Peter , Ogiela Diane A. 
Published: February 2015

Purpose
Our understanding of test construction has improved since the now-classic review by McCauley and Swisher (1984). The current review article examines the psychometric characteristics of current single-word tests of speech sound production in an attempt to determine whether our tests have improved since then. It also provides a resource that clinicians may use to help them make test selection decisions for their particular client populations.

Method
Ten tests published since 1990 were reviewed to determine whether they met the 10 criteria set out by McCauley and Swisher (1984), as well as 7 additional criteria.

Results
All of the tests reviewed met at least 3 of McCauley and Swisher's (1984) original criteria, and 9 of 10 tests met at least 5 of them. Most of the tests met some of the additional criteria as well.

Conclusions
The state of the art for single-word tests of speech sound production in children appears to have improved in the last 30 years. There remains, however, room for improvement.
Gain enhancement of bow‐tie antenna using fractal wideband artificial magnetic conductor ground
Authors: Zhong Yong‐Wei , Yang Guo‐Min , Zhong Li‐Rong 
Published: February 2015

A novel fractal wideband artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) structure is designed as the ground plane of a printed bow‐tie antenna for gain enhancement and low profile. The origin printed bow‐tie antenna is operated in the range from 1.67 to 2.06 GHz for a VSWR <2. The AMC structure consists of 6 × 9 first‐order fractal unit cells that are made up of four circles and four smaller circles, and the ±90° reflection phase band is 1.1–3.03 GHz. Both the AMC ground plane and bow‐tie antenna are fabricated and measured. The distance between the antenna and the AMC is reduced to one‐eighth of the wavelength in free space at 1.7 GHz. The experimental results show that the composite antenna has a wide bandwidth from 1.64 to 1.94 GHz, with a relative frequency bandwidth of 16.7%.
Improvement of lithium adsorption capacity by optimising the parameters affecting synthesised ion sieves
Authors: Zandevakili Saeed , Ranjbar Mohammad , Ehteshamzadeh Maryam 
Published: February 2015

Recent study has shown that the spinel type of MnO2 nanoparticles have a required capacity for lithium extraction from liquid resources. The low lithium adsorption capacity of synthesised ion sieves was found to be an important limiting parameter for their use in industrial applications. Therefore, increasing the uptake capacity of different ion sieves by studying the effect of six effective parameters, involving lithium salt compound, manganese salt compound, oxidising reagent, calcination temperature, heating time and Li/Mn mol ratio, on the synthesised ion sieves was investigated. Hence, in this reported work, a specific approach based on the L9 (34) Taguchi orthogonal array was employed to evaluate these parameters and to optimise them in two separate stages. Also, the relative importance of each factor was determined using analysis of variance. Although, all mentioned parameters had a significant effect on lithium uptake capacity, the oxidising reagent and the lithium salt compound were the most effective factors. Also, an appropriate ion sieve with a lithium adsorption capacity of more than 9 mmol g−1 was synthesised for the first time.