bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antagonizing the α4β1 Integrin, but Not α4β7, Inhibits Leukocytic Infiltration of the Central Nervous System in Rhesus Monkey Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Authors: Haanstra Krista G. , Hofman Sam O. , Lopes Estêvão Dave M. , Blezer Erwin L. A. , Bauer Jan , Yang Li-Li , Wyant Tim , Csizmadia Vilmos , ‘t Hart Bert A. , Fedyk Eric R. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe immune system is characterized by the preferential migration of lymphocytes through specific tissues (i.e., tissue tropism). Tissue tropism is mediated, in part, by the α4 integrins expressed by T lymphocytes. The α4β1 integrin mediates migration of memory T lymphocytes into the CNS, whereas the α4β7 integrin mediates migration preferentially into gastrointestinal tissue. This paradigm was established primarily from investigations in rodents; thus, the objective of this investigation was to determine if blocking the α4β7 integrin exclusively would affect migration of T lymphocytes into the CNS of primates. The effects of the dual α4β1 and α4β7 antagonist natalizumab were compared with those of the α4β7 antagonist vedolizumab on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in the rhesus monkey. Animals received an initial i.v. bolus of placebo, natalizumab (30 mg/kg), or vedolizumab (30 mg/kg) before intracutaneous immunization with recombinant human myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein and then Ab once weekly thereafter. Natalizumab prevented CNS inflammation and demyelination significantly (p &lt; 0.05), compared with time-matched placebo control animals, whereas vedolizumab did not inhibit these effects, despite saturating the α4β7 integrin in each animal for the duration of the investigation. These results demonstrate that blocking α4β7 exclusively does not inhibit immune surveillance of the CNS in primates.
Analysis of APC Types Involved in CD4 Tolerance and Regulatory T Cell Generation Using Reaggregated Thymic Organ Cultures
Authors: Guerri Lucia , Peguillet Isabelle , Geraldo Yvette , Nabti Sabrina , Premel Virginie , Lantz Olivier 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Tolerance to self-Ags is generated in the thymus. Both epithelial and hematopoietic thymic stromal cells play an active and essential role in this process. However, the role of each of the various stromal cell types remains unresolved. To our knowledge, we describe the first comparative analysis of several types of thymic hematopoietic stromal cells (THSCs) for their ability to induce CD4 tolerance to self, in parallel with the thymic epithelium. The THSCs—two types of conventional dendritic cells (cDCs), plasmacytoid dendritic cells, macrophages (MΦs), B lymphocytes, and eosinophils—were first characterized and quantified in adult mouse thymus. They were then examined in reaggregated thymic organ cultures containing mixtures of monoclonal and polyclonal thymocytes. This thymocyte mixture allows for the analysis of Ag-specific events while avoiding the extreme skewing frequently seen in purely monoclonal systems. Our data indicate that thymic epithelium alone is capable of promoting self-tolerance by eliminating autoreactive CD4 single-positive thymocytes and by supporting regulatory T cell (Treg) development. We also show that both non-Treg CD4 single-positive thymocytes and Tregs are efficiently deleted by the two populations of cDCs present in the thymus, as well as to a lesser extent by MΦs. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells, B lymphocytes, and eosinophils were not able to do so. Finally, cDCs were also the most efficient THSCs at supporting Treg development in the thymus, suggesting that although they may share some characteristics required for negative selection with MΦs, they do not share those required for the support of Treg development, making cDCs a unique cell subset in the thymus.
Naturopathic Management of Females with Cervical Atypia: A Delphi Process to Explore Current Practice
Authors: Leaver Cynthia Ann , Miller-Davis Claiborne , Wallen Gwenyth R. 
Published: January 2013

Background Human papillomavirus is the most significant factor contributing to cervical cancer. Naturopathic doctors (NDs) implement an integrative approach to treat cervical atypia. This study explored practice consensus and variance among NDs. Methods A purposefully selected panel of six NDs participated in a modified Delphi study to validate practice. Three electronic web-based surveys were completed over nine months. Results Local and systemic treatments were included in all ND protocols. Six protocols included cervical cancer screening guidelines, green tea suppositories, and oral folic acid. Five protocols included oral green tea, diindoylemethane (DIM), and cartenoids. Four protocols incorporated Vitamin C. Two NDs considered escharotics when managing cervical atypia. All NDs included health behavior management in their protocols. Conclusion Naturopathic management of cervical atypia varies across practitioners. However, in general, elements of management include (1) cervical cancer screening guidelines, (2) local and systemic treatments, (3) health behavior/lifestyle recommendations, and (4) immune system support.
Diagnostic Complexities of Eosinophilia
Authors: Montgomery Nathan D. , Dunphy Cherie H. , Mooberry Micah , Laramore Andrew , Foster Matthew C. , Park Steven I. , Fedoriw Yuri D. 
Published: January 2013

Context.— The advent of molecular tools capable of subclassifying eosinophilia has changed the diagnostic and clinical approach to what was classically called hypereosinophilic syndrome.Objectives.— To review the etiologies of eosinophilia and to describe the current diagnostic approach to this abnormality.Data Sources.— Literature review.Conclusions.— Eosinophilia is a common, hematologic abnormality with diverse etiologies. The underlying causes can be broadly divided into reactive, clonal, and idiopathic. Classically, many cases of eosinophilia were grouped together into the umbrella category of hypereosinophilic syndrome, a clinical diagnosis of exclusion. In recent years, an improved mechanistic understanding of many eosinophilias has revolutionized the way these disorders are understood, diagnosed, and treated. As a result, specific diagnoses can now be assigned in many cases that were previously defined as hypereosinophilic syndrome. Most notably, chromosomal rearrangements, such as FIP1L1-PDGFRA fusions caused by internal deletions in chromosome 4, are now known to be associated with many chronic eosinophilic leukemias. When present, these specific molecular abnormalities predict response to directed therapies. Although an improved molecular understanding is revolutionizing the treatment of patients with rare causes of eosinophilia, it has also complicated the approach to evaluating and treating eosinophilia. Here, we review causes of eosinophilia and present a framework by which the practicing pathologist may approach this diagnostic dilemma. Finally, we consider recent cases as clinical examples of eosinophilia from a single institution, demonstrating the diversity of etiologies that must be considered.
Wolf Isotopic Response Manifesting as Postherpetic Granuloma Annulare: A Case Series
Authors: Kapoor Roger , Piris Adriano , Saavedra Arturo P. , Duncan Lyn M. , Nazarian Rosalynn M. 
Published: January 2013

Context.— Wolf isotopic response has infrequently been reported in the literature, mainly as isolated case reports.
Objective.— To aid in recognition of the occurrence of postherpetic granuloma annulare for accurate histologic interpretation of granulomatous dermatitides.
Design.— We report 5 cases of patients with Wolf isotopic response manifesting as granuloma annulare, developing in a site of previous herpes zoster, and discuss the clinicopathologic findings.
Results.— Previous infection with herpes zoster or herpes simplex virus was found in 5 of 5 cases reported. The differential diagnosis of a dermal lymphohistiocytic infiltrate with multinucleated giant cells includes postherpetic granuloma annulare.
Conclusions.— All cases of postherpetic Wolf isotopic response reported in this series revealed granuloma annulare, with a perineurovascular or perifollicular pattern of lymphohistiocytic infiltration including multinucleated giant cells, and occurred following herpes zoster or herpes simplex infection, although herpes viral infection was not always associated with a subsequent isotopic eruption. Awareness of this entity can aid in the clinicopathologic diagnosis of granuloma annulare occurring at the site of prior herpes viral infection.
Hybrid gradient particle swarm optimization for dynamic optimization problems of chemical processes
Authors: Chen Xu , Du Wenli , Qi Rongbin , Qian Feng , Tianfield Huaglory 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTDynamic optimization problems (DOP) in chemical processes are very challenging because of their highly nonlinear, multidimensional, multipeak and constrained nature. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm named hybrid gradient particle swarm optimization (HGPSO) by hybridizing particle swarm optimization (PSO) with gradient‐based algorithms (GBA). HGSPO can improve the convergence rate and solution precision of pure PSO, and avoid getting trapped to local optimums with pure GBA search. We further incorporate HGPSO into control vector parameterization (CVP), a method converting DOP into nonlinear programming, to solve five complex DOPs. These DOPs include multimodal, multidimensional and constrained problems. The experiments demonstrate that HGPSO performs much better in terms of solution precision and computational cost when compared with other PSO variants. © 2013 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Membranes of triphenylsilyl substituted polyphenylene oxide in the permeation of propylene and propane gases
Authors: Gajbhiye Susheela Bai 
Published: January 2013

AbstractPoly(2,6‐dimethyl‐1,4‐phenylene oxide) (PPO) was chemically modified by the attachment of a bulky triphenylsilyl (TPS) group substituent (∼30 mol %) to study its impact on hydrocarbon gas permeation. A membrane of the modified PPO (TPS–PPO) was tested for the permeation of pure propylene and propane gas and that of their 55:45 binary mixture at 30 ± 2°C. Gravimetric single‐gas equilibrium sorption studies were carried out to determine the gas solubility coefficients and diffusion coefficients to assess their role in the gas permeation mechanism of the membranes. Characterization studies were done to determine the interrelationship between the transport properties and the polymer structure. The studies included density, fractional free volume, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H‐NMR, differential scanning calorimetry, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, tensile testing, and scanning electron microscopy. The TPS–PPO membrane was found to be 3 times more permeable to propylene and 3.8 times more permeable to propane with a small decrease in the propylene/propane ideal permselectivity (3.37) when compared to that of unmodified PPO (4.25). TPS–PPO could be a potential membrane material for the efficient recovery of propylene and propane from mixtures with permanent gases such as those found in refinery off‐gas. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Effect of the nanotube aspect ratio and surface functionalization on the morphology and properties of multiwalled carbon nanotube polyamide‐based fibers
Authors: Dintcheva Nadka T. , Arrigo Rossella , Nasillo Giorgio , Caponetti Eugenio , La Mantia Francesco Paolo 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIn this study, the effect of the carbon nanotube (CNT) aspect ratio and surface functionalization on the mechanical behavior and morphological changes of polyamide (PA)‐based fibers was investigated. Composites were prepared by the melt blending of CNTs with PA, and at a later time, the fibers were prepared by melt spinning and cold drawing. A reinforcement effect was noticed for all of the CNTs samples, and the increase in the mechanical properties and dimensional stability was more pronounced for highly oriented filaments. When the elongational flow was increased, the orientation of CNTs along the fiber direction was observed, but the nanotube alignment was much more difficult for CNTs with ultrathin outer diameters because of nanotube waviness and folding. Moreover, the presence of functional groups on the CNT surface hindered their orientation along the fiber direction because some interaction between the functional groups could occur. The morphological variations of the oriented, anisotropic fibers, as studied with transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, small‐angle X‐ray scattering, and differential scanning calorimetry analysis, were correlated with changes in the mechanical behavior. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Analgesic Effect of the Neuropeptide Cortistatin in Murine Models of Arthritic Inflammatory Pain
Authors: Morell Maria , Souza‐Moreira Luciana , Caro Marta , O'Valle Francisco , Forte‐Lago Irene , de Lecea Luis , Gonzalez‐Rey Elena , Delgado Mario 
Published: January 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the role of the antiinflammatory neuropeptide cortistatin in chronic pain evoked by joint inflammation.MethodsThermal and mechanical hyperalgesia was evoked in mouse knee joints by intraplantar injection of tumor necrosis factor α and intraarticular infusion of Freund's complete adjuvant, and the analgesic effects of cortistatin, administered centrally, peripherally, and systemically, were assessed. In addition, the effects of cortistatin on the production of nociceptive peptides and the activation of pain signaling were assayed in dorsal root ganglion cultures and in inflammatory pain models. The role of endogenous cortistatin in pain sensitization and perpetuation of chronic inflammatory states was evaluated in cortistatin‐deficient mice. Finally, the effect of noxious/inflammatory stimuli in the production of cortistatin by the peripheral nociceptive system was assayed in vitro and in vivo.ResultsExpression of cortistatin was observed in peptidergic nociceptors of the peripheral nociceptive system, and endogenous cortistatin was found to participate in the tuning of pain sensitization, especially in pathologic inflammatory conditions. Results showed that cortistatin acted both peripherally and centrally to reduce the tactile allodynia and heat hyperalgesia evoked by arthritis and peripheral tissue inflammation in mice, via mechanisms that were independent of its antiinflammatory action. These mechanisms involved direct action on nociceptive neurons and regulation of central sensitization. The analgesic effects of cortistatin in murine arthritic pain were linked to binding of the neuropeptide to somatostatin and ghrelin receptors, activation of the G protein subunit Gαi, impairment of ERK signaling, and decreased production of calcitonin gene‐related peptide in primary nociceptors.ConclusionThese findings indicate that cortistatin is an antiinflammatory factor with potent analgesic effects that may offer a new approach to pain therapy in pathologic inflammatory states, including osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.
Impact of complications on long-term survival after resection of colorectal liver metastases
Authors: Mavros M N , de Jong M , Dogeas E , Hyder O , Pawlik T M 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Background
Postoperative complications may have an adverse effect not only on short-term but also long-term outcome among patients having surgery for cancer. A retrospective series of patients who had surgery for colorectal liver metastases (CLM) was used to assess this association.

Methods
Patients who had surgery with curative intent for CLM from 2000 to 2009 were included. The impact of postoperative complications, patient characteristics, disease stage and treatment on long-term survival was analysed using multivariable Cox regression models.

Results
A total of 251 patients were included. The median age was 58 (interquartile range 51–68) years and there were 87 women (34·7 per cent). A minor or major postoperative complication developed in 41 and 14 patients respectively, and five patients (2·0 per cent) died after surgery. The 5-year recurrence-free (RFS) and overall survival rates were 19·5 and 41·9 per cent respectively. Multivariable analysis revealed that postoperative complications independently predicted shorter RFS (hazard ratio (HR) 2·36, 95 per cent confidence interval 1·56 to 3·58) and overall survival (HR 2·34, 1·46 to 3·74). Other independent predictors of shorter RFS and overall survival included lymph node metastasis, concomitant extrahepatic disease, a serum carcinoembryonic antigen level of at least 100 ng/dl, and the use of radiofrequency ablation (RFS only). The severity of complications also correlated with RFS (P = 0·006) and overall survival (P = 0·001).

Conclusion
Postoperative complications were independently associated with decreased long-term survival after surgery for CLM with curative intent. The prevention and management of postoperative adverse events may be important oncologically.
Amino Acid‐Selective Segmental Isotope Labeling of Multidomain Proteins for Structural Biology
Authors: Michel Erich , Skrisovska Lenka , Wüthrich Kurt , Allain Frédéric H.‐T. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractCurrent solution NMR techniques enable structural investigations of proteins in molecular particles with sizes up to several hundred kDa. However, the large molecular weight of proteins in such systems results in increased numbers of NMR signals, and the resulting spectral overlap typically imposes limitations. For multidomain proteins, segmental isotope labeling of individual domains facilitates the spectral interpretation by reducing the number of signals, but for large domains with small signal dispersion, signal overlap can persist. To overcome limitations arising from spectral overlap, we present a strategy that combines cell‐free expression and ligation of the expressed proteins to produce multidomain proteins with selective amino acid‐type labeling in individual domains. The bottleneck of intrinsically low cell‐free expression yields of precursor molecules was overcome by introducing new fusion constructs that allowed milligram production of ligation‐competent domains labeled in one or multiple amino acid types. Ligation‐competent unlabeled partner domains were produced in vivo, and subsequent domain ligation was achieved by using an on‐column strategy. This approach is illustrated with two multidomain RNA‐binding proteins, that is, the two C‐terminal RNA‐recognition motifs of the human polypyrimidine tract‐binding protein, and two highly homologous helix–turn–helix domains of the human glutamyl‐prolyl‐tRNA synthetase.
Preparation of Polymer Supported Phosphine Ligands by Metal Catalyzed Living Radical Copolymerization and Their Application to Hydroformylation Catalysis
Authors: Cardozo Andrés F. , Manoury Eric , Julcour Carine , Blanco Jean‐François , Delmas Henri , Gayet Florence , Poli Rinaldo 
Published: January 2013

AbstractA series of well‐defined polystyrene‐supported tertiary phosphine ligands were prepared by copper‐catalyzed atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), involving direct copolymerization of styrene and 4‐diphenylphosphinostyrene (or 4‐styryldiphenylphosphine, SDPP). Copolymerization of the two monomers at different molar ratios showed a decreasing level of control as the SDPP molar fraction (fSDPP) increased. A satisfactory level of control was achieved for fSDPP≤0.25 such that there was a constant concentration of growing “living chains”, and linear Mn growth with conversion and low dispersity. Copper‐free polymers with different chain lengths were prepared and tested as polymeric ligands in the rhodium‐catalyzed hydroformylation of 1‐octene. The polymeric ligands yielded higher linear/branched selectivity and lower activity relative to PPh3 at the same P/Rh ratio. The selectivity increased slightly as a function of the polymer chain length.
Aerobic Liquid‐Phase Oxidation of Ethylbenzene to Acetophenone Catalyzed by Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Luo Jin , Peng Feng , Yu Hao , Wang Hongjuan , Zheng Wenxu 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIt was reported for the first time that carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as metal‐free catalyst exhibited an excellent activity in the selective oxidation of ethylbenzene (EB) to acetophenone (AcPO) in the liquid‐phase with oxygen as the oxidant. The reasonable mechanism responsible for the liquid‐phase oxidation of EB on CNTs was proposed. The results demonstrated that the CNTs played an important role in the decomposition of 1‐phenylethyl hydroperoxide (PEHP) and contributed to the production of AcPO, owing to π–π interactions between the radical species and peroxides and the graphene sheets of the CNTs. Surface carboxylic groups of the CNTs were unfavorable to EB oxidation. Adsorption energies of the radical species and peroxides on pristine and modified CNTs with carboxylic groups were calculated by DFT. These theoretical calculations were well consistent with the experimental results, and also supported the presented mechanistic pathway of EB oxidation on CNTs. This study not only presents a facile and effective alternative to cobalt‐based catalysts for the selective oxidation of EB to AcPO but also gives new insight into the effect of surface structures on carbon‐catalyzed reactions, and further pushes forward the research on carbon catalysis.
Influence of Gasoline Inhalation on the Enantioselective Pharmacokinetics of Fluoxetine in Rats
Authors: Cardoso Juciane Lauren Cavalcanti , Lanchote Vera Lucia , Pereira Maria Paula Marques , Capela Jorge Manuel Vieira , Lepera José Salvador 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTFluoxetine is used clinically as a racemic mixture of (+)‐(S) and (–)‐(R) enantiomers for the treatment of depression. CYP2D6 catalyzes the metabolism of both fluoxetine enantiomers. We aimed to evaluate whether exposure to gasoline results in CYP2D inhibition. Male Wistar rats exposed to filtered air (n = 36; control group) or to 600 ppm of gasoline (n = 36) in a nose‐only inhalation exposure chamber for 6 weeks (6 h/day, 5 days/week) received a single oral 10‐mg/kg dose of racemic fluoxetine. Fluoxetine enantiomers in plasma samples were analyzed by a validated analytical method using LC‐MS/MS. The separation of fluoxetine enantiomers was performed in a Chirobiotic V column using as the mobile phase a mixture of ethanol:ammonium acetate 15 mM. Higher plasma concentrations of the (+)‐(S)‐fluoxetine enantiomer were found in the control group (enantiomeric ratio AUC(+)‐(S)/(–)‐(R) = 1.68). In animals exposed to gasoline, we observed an increase in AUC0‐∞ for both enantiomers, with a sharper increase seen for the (–)‐(R)‐fluoxetine enantiomer (enantiomeric ratio AUC(+)‐(S)/(–)‐(R) = 1.07), resulting in a loss of enantioselectivity. Exposure to gasoline was found to result in the loss of enantioselectivity of fluoxetine, with the predominant reduction occurring in the clearance of the (–)‐(R)‐fluoxetine enantiomer (55% vs. 30%). Chirality 25:206–210, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Modulation of insulin resistance by PUFA in metabolic tissues
Authors: Kopál Martin , Muchová Jana , Ďuračková Zdeňka 
Published: January 2013

AbstractConsumption of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) has been shown to be beneficial in the restoration of insulin sensitivity. It has become clear that n‐3 and n‐6 PUFAs act at the nuclear level to affect expression of genes involved in metabolic pathways. PUFAs act via transcription factors such as PPARs and sterol‐regulatory‐element‐binding proteins (SREBPs) to affect transcription of genes involved in lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation.