bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Palladacycle Catalyzed Asymmetric PH Addition of Diarylphosphines to N‐Enoyl Phthalimides
Authors: Chew Renta Jonathan , Lu Yunpeng , Jia Yu‐Xiang , Li Bin‐Bin , Wong Esther Hui Yen , Goh Rosanne , Li Yongxin , Huang Yinhua , Pullarkat Sumod Appukuttan , Leung Pak‐Hing 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe first asymmetric phospha‐Michael addition of diarylphosphines to N‐enoyl phthalimides has been developed in the presence of a chiral palladacycle catalyst. A library of free chiral tertiary phosphine adducts were directly obtained with excellent yields and enantioselectivities. Products can be subsequently functionalized to afford β‐phosphinoamides, the direct preparation of which from cinnamides has been notoriously challenging.
Facile and Scalable Synthesis of Nanoporous Materials Based on Poly(ionic liquid)s
Authors: Azcune Itxaso , García Ignacio , Carrasco Pedro M. , Genua Aratz , Tanczyk Marek , Jaschik Manfred , Warmuzinski Krzysztof , Cabañero Germán , Odriozola Ibon 
Published: September 2014

AbstractA simple, fast, sustainable, and scalable strategy to prepare nanoporous materials based on poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs) is presented. The synthetic strategy relies on the radical polymerization of crosslinker‐type ionic liquid (IL) monomers in the presence of an analogous IL, which acts as a porogenic solvent. This IL can be extracted easily after polymerization and recycled for further use. The great advantages of this synthetic approach are the atom‐efficiency and lack of waste. The effects of different monomer/porogen ratios on the specific surface area, porosity, and pore size have been investigated. Finally, the potential of the materials as CO2 sorbents has been evaluated.
Coupling of the HPA and HPG axes in the context of early life adversity in incarcerated male adolescents
Authors: Dismukes Andrew R. , Johnson Megan M. , Vitacco Michael J. , Iturri Florencia , Shirtcliff Elizabeth A. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTThe effects of early life adversity can be observed across the lifespan, and the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) and hypothalamic‐pituitary‐gonadal (HPG) axes could be mechanistic intermediaries underlying this phenomenon. The current study examined 50 adolescent males aged 12–18 in a maximum‐security correctional and treatment setting. Saliva samples were collected five times a day for 2 days and assayed for cortisol, testosterone, and DHEA. Youth completed semi‐structured life stress interviews and self‐reports of child maltreatment to index adversity. When youth had higher testosterone levels, they had higher cortisol and DHEA levels, indicating positive “coupling” of the HPA–HPG axes. In addition, children experiencing greater life adversity had tighter coupling of the HPA–HPG axes. Additional analyses hint that coupling may be driven largely by HPG axis functioning. Results indicate that positive coupling of the HPA–HPG axis is observed within incarcerated adolescents, especially for those with the greatest life stress. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 57: 705–718, 2015.
Effects of cooking conditions on the concentrations of extractable tocopherols, tocotrienols and γ‐oryzanol in brown rice: Longer cooking time increases the levels of extractable bioactive components
Authors: Lin Tsu‐Chi , Huang Shao‐Hua , Ng Lean‐Teik 
Published: September 2014

This study aimed to examine the effects of cooking conditions on the extractable content of bioactive compounds, namely tocopherols (Toc), tocotrienols (T3), and γ‐oryzanol (GO) in brown rice. The results showed that cooked brown rice possessed significantly higher sum of Toc and T3, total Toc, total T3 and GO concentrations than uncooked brown rice. The highest concentrations of these bioactive compounds were noted after the cooking time of 64 min. Among the different vitamin E homologs, α‐Toc, α‐T3, and γ‐T3 were the major three homologs present in cooked brown rice; although δ‐Toc and β‐T3 were not detected, a longer cooking time was observed to increase α‐Toc, β‐Toc, α‐T3, and γ‐T3 level. Compared with untreated brown rice, cooking brown rice with a pre‐soaking step significantly enhanced the levels of Toc, T3, and GO. This study concludes that cooking and pre‐soaking increases the extraction yield of Toc, T3, and GO, and hence improves the quality and functionality of brown rice.Practical application: Tocopherols (Toc), tocotrienols (T3), and γ‐oryzanol (GO), major bioactive components of brown rice, are known to provide various health benefits. Cooking can help release them from the food matrix and increase their extraction recovery. This study shows how the cooking process can enhance the extractable Toc, T3, and GO concentrations. A longer cooking time led to an increase in α‐Toc, β‐Toc, α‐T3, and γ‐T3 levels.Cooked brown rice showed higher extractable content tocopherols (Toc), tocotrienols (T3) and γ‐oryzanol concentrations than uncooked brown rice. The major vitamin E homologs in cooked brown rice were α‐Toc, α‐T3 and γ‐T3, of which the yields were enhanced with a longer cooking time.
Forecasting VaR models under Different Volatility Processes and Distributions of Return Innovations
Authors: Dendramis Yiannis , Spungin Giles E. , Tzavalis Elias 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTThis paper provides clear‐cut evidence that the out‐of‐sample VaR (value‐at‐risk) forecasting performance of alternative parametric volatility models, like EGARCH (exponential general autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity) or GARCH, and Markov regime‐switching models, can be considerably improved if they are combined with skewed distributions of asset return innovations. The performance of these models is found to be similar to that of the EVT (extreme value theory) approach. The performance of the latter approach can also be improved if asset return innovations are assumed to be skewed distributed. The performance of the Markov regime‐switching model is considerably improved if this model allows for EGARCH effects, for all different volatility regimes considered. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Positive and negative affective processing exhibit dissociable functional hubs during the viewing of affective pictures
Authors: Zhang Wenhai , Li Hong , Pan Xiaohong 
Published: September 2014

AbstractRecent resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies using graph theory metrics have revealed that the functional network of the human brain possesses small‐world characteristics and comprises several functional hub regions. However, it is unclear how the affective functional network is organized in the brain during the processing of affective information. In this study, the fMRI data were collected from 25 healthy college students as they viewed a total of 81 positive, neutral, and negative pictures. The results indicated that affective functional networks exhibit weaker small‐worldness properties with higher local efficiency, implying that local connections increase during viewing affective pictures. Moreover, positive and negative emotional processing exhibit dissociable functional hubs, emerging mainly in task‐positive regions. These functional hubs, which are the centers of information processing, have nodal betweenness centrality values that are at least 1.5 times larger than the average betweenness centrality of the network. Positive affect scores correlated with the betweenness values of the right orbital frontal cortex (OFC) and the right putamen in the positive emotional network; negative affect scores correlated with the betweenness values of the left OFC and the left amygdala in the negative emotional network. The local efficiencies in the left superior and inferior parietal lobe correlated with subsequent arousal ratings of positive and negative pictures, respectively. These observations provide important evidence for the organizational principles of the human brain functional connectome during the processing of affective information. Hum Brain Mapp, 36:415–426, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Measuring head and neck lymphedema: The “ALOHA” trial
Authors: Purcell Amanda , Nixon Jodie , Fleming Jennifer , McCann Andrew , Porceddu Sandro 
Published: September 2014

BackgroundThere is no clinical assessment available to measure head and neck lymphedema. This study proposes the use of a tape measurement system and the MoistureMeterD (MMD) to evaluate head and neck lymphedema.MethodsThe reliability and validity of these assessments was examined in 20 patients with head and neck lymphedema and 20 matched healthy controls.ResultsInterrater reliability for the MMD and 3 of the 4 tape measurements was excellent (intraclass correlation coefficients [ICCs] >0.90). Intrarater reliability of the MMD was 0.97. The MMD discriminated between patients with head and neck lymphedema and healthy controls, t(19) = 8.97, p < .001, whereas the tape measurements did not. Correlation between MMD score and head and neck lymphedema level ratings was significant (rho = 0.59) indicating convergent validity. Three of the tape measurements were significantly correlated with MMD scores (rho = 0.37–0.38) but not with ratings of head and neck lymphedema.ConclusionThe tape measurement system and MMD show potential as objective measurements of head and neck lymphedema with the exception of 1 tape measurement point. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 79–84, 2016
Real‐time in vivo cancer diagnosis using raman spectroscopy
Authors: Wang Wenbo , Zhao Jianhua , Short Michael , Zeng Haishan 
Published: September 2014

Raman spectroscopy has becoming a practical tool for rapid in vivo tissue diagnosis. This paper provides an overview on the latest development of real‐time in vivo Raman systems for cancer detection. Instrumentation, data handling, as well as oncology applications of Raman techniques were covered. Optic fiber probes designs for Raman spectroscopy were discussed. Spectral data pre‐processing, feature extraction, and classification between normal/benign and malignant tissues were surveyed. Applications of Raman techniques for clinical diagnosis for different types of cancers, including skin cancer, lung cancer, stomach cancer, oesophageal cancer, colorectal cancer, cervical cancer, and breast cancer, were summarized.
Schematic of a real‐time Raman spectrometer for skin cancer detection. Without correction, the image captured on CCD camera for a straight entrance slit has a curvature. By arranging the optic fiber array in reverse orientation, the curvature could be effectively corrected.magnified imageSchematic of a real‐time Raman spectrometer for skin cancer detection. Without correction, the image captured on CCD camera for a straight entrance slit has a curvature. By arranging the optic fiber array in reverse orientation, the curvature could be effectively corrected.
Fabrication and characterization of DLC coated microdimples on hip prosthesis heads
Authors: Choudhury Dipankar , Ay Ching Hee , Mamat Azuddin Bin , Cizek Jan , Abu Osman Noor Azuan , Vrbka Martin , Hartl Martin , Krupka Ivan 
Published: September 2014

AbstractDiamond like carbon (DLC) is applied as a thin film onto substrates to obtain desired surface properties such as increased hardness and corrosion resistance, and decreased friction and wear rate. Microdimple is an advanced surface modification technique enhancing the tribological performance. In this study, DLC coated microdimples were fabricated on hip prosthesis heads and their mechanical, material and surface properties were characterized. An Electro discharge machining (EDM) oriented microdrilling was utilized to fabricate a defined microdimple array (diameter of 300 µm, depth of 70 µm, and pitch of 900 µm) on stainless steel (SS) hip prosthesis heads. The dimpled surfaces were then coated by hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a‐C:H) and tetrahedral amorphous carbon (Ta‐C) layers by using a magnetron sputtering technology. A preliminary tribology test was conducted on these fabricated surfaces against a ceramic ball in simulated hip joint conditions. It was found that the fabricated dimples were perpendicular to the spherical surfaces and no cutting‐tools wear debris was detected inside the individual dimples. The a‐C:H and Ta‐C coatings increased the hardness at both the dimple edges and the nondimpled region. The tribology test showed a significant reduction in friction coefficient for coated surfaces regardless of microdimple arrays: the lowest friction coefficient was found for the a‐C:H samples (µ = 0.084), followed by Ta‐C (µ = 0.119), as compared to the SS surface (µ = 0.248). © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 103B: 1002–1012, 2015.
Investigation of the Interaction between Nitrite Ion and Bovine Serum Albumin Using Spectroscopic and Molecular Docking Techniques
Authors: Bagheri Habibollah , Madrakian Tayyebeh , Afkhami Abbas 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe interaction between nitrite ion and bovine serum albumin (BSA), in an aqueous environment, was studied using spectroscopic methods, including fluorescence quenching technique, synchronous fluorescence, UVVis spectrophotometry and Resonance Rayleigh Scattering (RRS), and molecular docking technique. The experimental results showed that nitrite ion effectively quenched the intrinsic fluorescence of BSA with the static quenching. The ion‐BSA binding constant was determined to be 3.69×103 L mol−1. As the results showed the stoichiometry of binding nitrite ion to BSA was 1 : 1. Furthermore the thermodynamic parameters and nature of the binding force were calculated. The negative ΔHo and ΔSo values of reaction between nitrite ion and BSA indicated the predominant forces in the ion‐BSA interactions are hydrogen bonding interactions. Based on the Förster’s theory of non‐radiative energy transfer, the binding distance between nitrite ion and the inner tyrosine and tryptophan residue of BSA were determined to be 2.16 nm. Furthermore binding site of this ion on BSA was carried out by molecular docking technique.
Triacylglycerols and aliphatic alcohols from fruits of three Tunisian Pistacia lentiscus populations
Authors: Trabelsi Hajer , Renaud Justin , Herchi Wahid , Boukhchina Sadok , Mayer Paul 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe search for other sources of vegetable oils by the exploitation and the enhancement of other oil plants will be needed to meet the demands of the international market. This study aims to determine the triacylglycerol (TAG) molecular species and aliphatic alcohol compositions of unexploited fruits of three Tunisian Pistacia lentiscus (lentisc) populations from the Korbous, Tebaba and Rimel areas of Tunisia.RESULTSResults show that the content of total TAG varies from 738.32 mg g−1 of total lipid in the Tebaba population to 981.15 mg g−1 of total lipid in the Korbous population. Furthermore, 14 species of TAG were detected in the three studied populations. In addition, 13 aliphatic compounds were identified and classified into two groups: (1) aliphatic alcohols with fewer than 20 carbon atoms (hexadecanol, heptadecanol, (Z)‐octadec‐9‐en‐1‐ol, octadecanol and nonadécanol); and (2) the policosanol group (eicosenol, docosenol, docosanol tetracosanol, hexacosanol octacosanol and triacontanol). The Tebaba population showed a distinct composition compared to Korbous and Rimel where heptadecanol is the major compound.CONCLUSIONQuantitatively, the most abundant TAG species are those constituted by palmitic, oleic and/or linoleic acid. Furthermore, the significant difference observed at the oil composition is associated with a remarkable station effect. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Allium vegetable intake and gastric cancer: A case–control study and meta‐analysis
Authors: Turati Federica , Pelucchi Claudio , Guercio Valentina , Vecchia Carlo La , Galeone Carlotta 
Published: September 2014

ScopeTo provide new epidemiological data and summarize evidence on the association between allium vegetable intake and gastric cancer risk.Methods and resultsData were from an Italian case–control study including 230 cases and 547 controls. Odds ratios were derived using multiple logistic regression. We combined results from all published studies using random‐effect models. In our case–control study, the odds ratios were 0.59 (95% confidence interval, CI, 0.25–1.41) for ≥2 portions of onion per week, 0.69 (95% CI, 0.41–1.15) for high garlic intake, and 0.70 (95% CI, 0.39–1.28) for frequent use of both onion and garlic. Besides our study, 22 case–control and four cohort studies were included in the meta‐analyses (>10 000 cases). The pooled relative risks for the highest versus lowest intake category were 0.78 (95% CI, 0.67–0.91) for allium vegetables (ten case–control and four cohort studies), 0.60 (95% CI, 0.47–0.76) for garlic (12 case–control studies), and 0.55 (95% CI, 0.41–0.73) for onion (13 case–control studies). The pooled relative risk for high allium vegetable intake from the four cohorts was 1.02 (95% CI, 0.88–1.18).ConclusionHigh allium vegetable consumption is likely to reduce gastric cancer risk. This evidence is derived mainly from case–control studies. Further data from large cohorts are desirable for conclusive confirmation.
Real‐time motion correction using gradient tones and head‐mounted NMR field probes
Authors: Haeberlin Maximilian , Kasper Lars , Barmet Christoph , Brunner David O. , Dietrich Benjamin E. , Gross Simon , Wilm Bertram J. , Kozerke Sebastian , Pruessmann Klaas P. 
Published: September 2014

PurposeSinusoidal gradient oscillations in the kilohertz range are proposed for position tracking of NMR probes and prospective motion correction for arbitrary imaging sequences without any alteration of sequence timing. The method is combined with concurrent field monitoring to robustly perform image reconstruction in the presence of potential dynamic field deviations.MethodsBenchmarking experiments were done to assess the accuracy and precision of the method and to compare it with theoretical predictions based on the field probe's time‐dependent signal‐to‐noise ratio. An array of four field probes was used to perform real‐time prospective motion correction in vivo. Images were reconstructed based on both predetermined and concurrently measured k‐space trajectories.ResultsFor observation windows of 4.8 ms, the precision of probe position determination was found to be 35 to 62 µm, and the maximal measurement error was 595 µm root‐mean‐square on a single axis. Sequence update per repetition time on this basis yielded images free of conspicuous artifacts despite substantial head motion. Predetermined and concurrently observed k‐space trajectories yielded equivalent image quality.ConclusionNMR field probes in conjunction with gradient tones permit the tracking and prospective correction of rigid‐body motion. Relying on gradient oscillations in the kilohertz range, the method allows for concurrent motion detection and image encoding. Magn Reson Med 74:647–660, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Influence of copper contamination on the illuminated forward and dark reverse current‐voltage characteristics of multicrystalline p‐type silicon solar cells
Authors: Turmagambetov Tleuzhan , Dubois Sébastien , Garandet Jean‐Paul , Martel Benoit , Enjalbert Nicolas , Veirman Jordi , Pihan Etienne 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWe studied the influence of copper (Cu) on the performances of conventional photovoltaic (PV) solar cells by growing two multicrystalline (mc) boron‐doped silicon (Si) ingots from ultra‐pure feedstocks, one of these feedstocks being deliberately contaminated with 90 ppm wt of Cu. Industrial‐like solar cells were fabricated and the associated external gettering and hydrogenation effects were studied. An originality of our approach consisted in evaluating the forward but also reverse current‐voltage (I‐V) characteristics of the fabricated cells. Furthermore we assessed the stability under illumination of the PV parameters as Cu is known to be responsible for light‐induced degradations (LID) of the carrier lifetime. On the one hand we unexpectedly showed that the PV conversion efficiency (η) was not affected by the initially large Cu concentrations. We demonstrated that it was due to the complementary actions of the external gettering effect developed by the phosphorus‐diffusion and the bulk hydrogenation. The Cu‐addition slightly enhanced the pn junction hard breakdown, however the extracted junction breakdown voltages fulfilled the common industrial requirements for this parameter. On the other hand we highlighted significant decreases under illumination of the PV performances for the Cu‐contaminated solar cells fabricated from wafers coming from the upper part of the ingot (i.e., samples with the highest Cu concentration). These decreases could be explained by the previously proposed mechanisms in the literature, which argue that the excess charge carriers could reduce the electrostatic repulsion between interstitial Cu ions and Cu precipitates, this effect enhancing the Cu precipitation. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Quantitative analysis of carbon impurity concentration in silicon epitaxial layers by luminescence activation using carbon ion implantation and electron irradiation
Authors: Nakagawa Satoko , Kashima Kazuhiko 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe calibration curve for the carbon concentration in silicon epitaxial layers was obtained by photo‐luminescence spectroscopy after carbon ion implantation and electron irradiation. Low carbon concentrations on the order of 1014 atoms/cm3 affected properties such as the on‐resistance and carrier lifetime of insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs). We focused on carbon impurities because interstitial carbon can form complexes, such as complexes of interstitial and substitutional carbon (Ci‐Cs) and of interstitial carbon and oxygen (Ci‐Oi), which produce deep levels in the energy band gap. To verify the effects of carbon impurities separately from those of oxygen impurities, oxygen‐free silicon epitaxial layers were studied. The carbon concentration in silicon epitaxial wafers was evaluated quantitatively by using our calibration curve. Carbon ion implantation and photoluminescence spectrum measurements were performed to obtain the slope of the calibration curve. In addition, secondary ion mass spectrometry measurement gave absolute carbon concentration against photo‐luminescence intensity for fixing the calibration curve. The calibration curve was used to determine the carbon concentration for each IGBT. Carbon impurity concentrations as low as 1014 atoms/cm3 in silicon epitaxial layers lowered device performance. Therefore, decreasing the carbon impurity concentration is essential for improving the performance of advanced IGBTs. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)