bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Alternative Cogeneration Power Systems for Three Industrial Sites
Authors: Harper Allen D. 
Published: April 2015

Three alternative on-site cogeneration power systems were evaluated against technical and economic criteria for three industrial sites. Technical factors included plant sizing to meet process thermal loads, fuel utilization, power output, siting consideration, fuel savings, etc. Economic factors included capital cost, return on equity, and ownership/financing options among others. Each cogeneration plant was evaluated by comparison with the current separate generation scheme.
The technologies considered were 1) conventional coal-fired, steam topping cycles; 2) coal-fired, atmospheric fluidized bed/closed-cycle gas turbines; and 3) coal-fired, atmospheric fluidized bed/open cycle gas turbines. These approaches were optimized for three sites 1) an agricultural chemical plant, 2) a brewery, and 3) a kraft paper mill.
The results showed that the closed cycle gas turbines yielded the best economics, primarily due to a lower initial cost. The open cycle gas turbine, when combined with a steam bottoming cycle, resulted in larger power outputs than would be realized in the closed cycle or steam turbine cases. None of the plants studied matched the plant electrical load while following the thermal load.
The Effect of Fluid Inertia in Squeeze Film Damper Bearings: A Heuristic and Physical Description
Authors: Tichy John A. 
Published: April 2015

Fluid inertia forces are comparable to viscous forces in squeeze film dampers in the range of many practical applications. This statement appears to contradict the commonly held view in hydrodynamic lubrication that inertia effects are small. Upon closer inspection, the latter is true for predominantly sliding (rather than squeezing) flow bearings.
The basic equations of hydrodynamic lubrication flow are developed, including the inertia terms. The appropriate orders of magnitude of the viscous and inertia terms are evaluated and compared, for journal bearings and for squeeze film dampers. Exact equations for various limiting cases are presented: low eccentricity, high and low Reynolds number. The asymptotic behavior is surprisingly similar in all cases. Due to inertia, the damper force may shift 90° forward from its purely viscous location. Inertia forces are evaluated for typical damper conditions.
The effect of turbulence in squeeze film dampers is also discussed. On physical grounds it is argued that the transition occurs at much higher Reynolds numbers than the usual lubrication turbulence models predict.
The TF40B, a 4000 HP Class Marine Gas Turbine for the U.S. Navy LCAC
Authors: Silver S. , Lauriat T. B. 
Published: April 2015

This paper will describe the application features of the Avco Lycoming TF40B Marine Gas Turbine in the U.S. Navy Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC) built by Bell Aerospace, New Orleans, U.S.A.
In addition to LCAC installation items such as mounting, control, instrumentation, inlet and exhaust, a description of the engine itself will be included delineating those items peculiar to the LCAC Application and those items reflecting improvements over the TF40 engines previously used.
A Comparison of Navy and Contractor Gas Turbine Acquisition Cost
Authors: Finizie L. T. 
Published: April 2015

The increasing cost of weapons provided the stimulus needed for the Navy and Air Force jointly to study common engine requirements for the 1990s. Since engines require several years longer to develop than airframes, the Government sponsored the Advanced Technology Engine Study (ATES) to develop a long range propulsion plan for new aircraft needed through 2010. Because of the interaction between aircraft and engine in the design of the weapon system, aircraft engine companies teamed with aircraft companies to provide aircraft and engine conceptual designs to perform the expected missions for the 1990 time period. Life Cycle Cost (LCC) was used as the criterion in evaluating the merit of a number of USN and USAF aircraft systems.
Since operating and support costs (0&S) are the most difficult of LCC to predict accurately, this paper compares only development and production costs provided by the participating contractors with those costs determined using cost criteria developed by the Navy.
A Preliminary Study of Annular Diffusers With Constant Diameter Outer Walls (Suitable for Turbine Exits)
Authors: Adkins R. C. , Jacobsen O. H. , Chevalier P. 
Published: April 2015

A systemmatic series of tests has been conducted on a family of annular diffusers where the outer casing is maintained at constant diameter. Such a diffuser is typical of turbine exits. Data, in the form of static pressure recovery coefficient is plotted against diffuser length for several different designs of centerbody closure.
It has been shown that such diffusers can have short length centerbodies for which a set of design guides has been established.
Design Flexibility Permits a 35000 HP Industrial Gas Turbine to Meet a Wide Range of Application Requirements
Authors: Kuly P. W. 
Published: April 2015

Two recent applications for a heavy duty industrial gas turbine engine are discussed. The principal design requirements for both cases are compared and the design changes necessary to meet the requirements are illustrated. In the case of a main pipeline compressor driver, the need for high thermal efficiency over a wide range of loads is met by use of a regenerative cycle and by reprogramming the loading sequence. Long term step increases in engine capability were provided by incorporating a unique engine convertability feature.
In the case of a process air compressor driver with exhaust heat recovery, the engine exhaust temperature and gas flow imposed constraints on engine capability during high ambient temperature operation and on engine operation at low ambient temperature conditions. The constraints were met by the use of steam injection to augment power at high ambient temperature conditions and by the use of variable inlet guide vanes to control exhaust flow at the low temperatures.
F-14 Aircraft and Propulsion Control Integration Evaluation
Authors: Davies W. J. , Hoelzer C. A. , Vizzini R. W. 
Published: April 2015

Since 1976, the U.S. Navy in conjunction with Pratt and Whitney Aircraft (PWA) has been actively engaged in developing the technology base for on engine, dual redundant, fault tolerant, full authority digital electronic control (FADEC) systems with the capability of aircraft control integration for application to the next generation Navy aircraft.
Navy contracts were awarded in 1981 to PWA and Grumman Aerospace Corporation (GAC) to identify the operational benefits of the F-14 Aircraft with a dual-redundant FADEC interfaced to an Advanced Fuel Management System (AFM) and integrated with the F-14 aircraft control system. This paper presents the FADEC/F-14 integration evaluation performed by PWA and discusses the benefits of the FADEC/F-14 integrated system. These include improvements in reliability, mission abort, survivability, maintainability, cruise fuel consumption, engine weight, diagnostics and fault recording, inlet and engine air flow matching and propulsion control accuracy.
Squeeze-Film Damper Technology: Part 1 — Prediction of Finite Length Damper Performance
Authors: Lund J. W. , Smalley A. J. , Tecza J. A. , Walton J. F. 
Published: April 2015

Squeeze-film dampers are commonly used in gas turbine engines and have been applied successfully in a great many new designs, and also as retrofits to older engines. Of the mechanical components in gas turbines, squeeze-film dampers are the least understood. Their behavior is nonlinear and strongly coupled to the dynamics of the rotor systems on which they are installed. The design of these dampers is still largely empirical, although they have been the subject of a large number of past investigations.
To describe recent analytical and experimental work in squeeze-film damper technology, two papers are planned. This abstract outlines the first paper, Part 1, which concerns itself with squeeze-film damper analysis. This paper will describe an analysis method and boundary conditions which have been developed recently for modelling dampers, and in particular, will cover the treatment of finite length, feed and drain holes and fluid inertia effects, the latter having been shown recently to be of great importance in predicting rotor system behavior. A computer program that solves the Reynolds equation for the above conditions will be described and sample calculation results presented.
A Configuration to Improve the Aerodynamics and Scope of Can-Annular Combustors
Authors: Adkins R. C. , Binks D. 
Published: April 2015

Aerodynamic tests on a novel concept of pre-combustor diffuser, particularly suited to can-annular configurations, are described. These tests show that the new arrangement avoids the unstable flow separations and some of the parasitic pressure losses which can be experienced in more conventional arrangements.
With the benefit of improved flow conditions, it is argued that the can-annular combustor arrangement has many advantages over other configurations, particularly for large engines, and where exhaust gas pollutants must be kept to a minimum.
The Purpose, the Principles and the Problems of Fault Tolerant Systems
Authors: Eccles E. S. 
Published: April 2015

This paper sets out to present a non-specialist overview of what fault tolerant systems are intended to achieve, the various possible approaches (from simple to complex) which are followed, how well they meet the goals and the particular problems or advantages they possess. The source data for the paper and its background is aviation gas turbine controls but the principles are of general application.
Fault tolerance is aimed at obtaining greater system availability without compromising safety. Many different system configurations have been postulated or tried out. The paper considers 11 and deals in detail with several of them, covering a wide range of cost and complexity. The choice between these diverse systems depends upon application, installation, the powerplant/vehcile configuration and most importantly on the complexity of the control hardware. It involves choices of actuation system, monitoring methods, failure recovery and, in digital systems, software. The paper explains the rationale and the significance of each influence.
Each configuration can be applied more or less successfully to a range of control uses. The discussion indicates which special features are advantageous and which are disadvantageous in different regions of the applications spectrum.
Relative representative cost and reliability figures are given for each configuration and, for aviation types of design, relative sizes and weights.
There is no single, generally applicable “fault tolerant system”. The issues are basically simple but frequently confused. It is the aim of the paper to clearly present these issues and the merits of various configurations in general terms and to promote wider and better informed discussion of them.
Flashback in Prevaporizing/Premixing Combustion Systems
Authors: Nein A. G. , Mellor A. M. 
Published: April 2015

Upstream flame propagation in prevaporizing/premixing continuous combustors was examined. Simplified axisymmetric burners used in this investigation were selected to simulate the same fundamental combustion processes in practical hardware. Straight cylindrical premixing tubes were used to reduce the possibility of upstream flame propagation mechanisms not associated with classical flashback. Combustor pressure oscillations were monitored and indicated that no flashback occurred due to these oscillations. Propane was selected as the test fuel because of its rapid vaporization characteristics.
A characteristic time approach was used to analyze the data because the flashback process can be viewed as a competition between a fluid mechanic time and a chemical reaction time. Use of this technique revealed that stoichiometric contours existed in the premixing tubes of this system at most overall equivalence ratios tested, since the flashback limit was observed to be independent of overall stoichiometry.
Laboratory- and Field-Based Assessment of Maximal Aerobic Power of Elite Stand-Up Paddle-Board Athletes
Authors: Schram Ben , Hing Wayne , Climstein Mike 
Published: April 2015

Purpose:Stand-up paddle boarding (SUP) is a rapidly growing sport and recreational activity for which only anecdotal evidence exists on its proposed health, fitness, and injury-rehabilitation benefits. Participants: 10 internationally and nationally ranked elite SUP athletes.Methods:Participants were assessed for their maximal aerobic power on an ergometer in a laboratory and compared with other water-based athletes. Field-based assessments were subsequently performed using a portable gas-analysis system, and a correlation between the 2 measures was performed.Results:Maximal aerobic power (relative) was significantly higher (P = .037) when measured in the field with a portable gas-analysis system (45.48 ± 6.96 mL · kg−1 · min−1) than with laboratory-based metabolic-cart measurements (43.20 ± 6.67 mL · kg−1 · min−1). There was a strong, positive correlation (r = .907) between laboratory and field maximal aerobic power results. Significantly higher (P = .000) measures of SUP paddling speed were found in the field than with the laboratory ergometer (+42.39%). There were no significant differences in maximal heart rate between the laboratory and field settings (P = .576).Conclusion:The results demonstrate the maximal aerobic power representative of internationally and nationally ranked SUP athletes and show that SUP athletes can be assessed for maximal aerobic power in the laboratory with high correlation to field-based measures. The field-based portable gas-analysis unit has a tendency to consistently measure higher oxygen consumption. Elite SUP athletes display aerobic power outputs similar to those of other upper-limb-dominant elite water-based athletes (surfing, dragon-boat racing, and canoeing).
Ceftazidime-Avibactam Activity Tested against Enterobacteriaceae Isolates from U.S. Hospitals (2011 to 2013) and Characterization of β-Lactamase-Producing Strains
Authors: Castanheira Mariana , Mills Janet C. , Costello Sarah E. , Jones Ronald N. , Sader Helio S. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT

Ceftazidime-avibactam (MIC
50/90
, 0.12/0.25 μg/ml) inhibited 99.9% (20,698/20,709) of
Enterobacteriaceae
isolates at ≤8 μg/ml. This compound was active against resistant subsets, including ceftazidime-nonsusceptible
Enterobacter cloacae
(MIC
50/90
, 0.25/0.5 μg/ml) and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) phenotype isolates. An ESBL phenotype was noted among 12.4% (1,696/13,692 isolates from targeted species) of the isolates, including 776
Escherichia coli
(12.0% for this species; MIC
50/90
, 0.12/0.25 μg/ml), 721
Klebsiella pneumoniae
(16.3%; MIC
50/90
, 0.12/0.25 μg/ml), 119
Klebsiella oxytoca
(10.3%; MIC
50/90
, 0.06/0.25 μg/ml), and 80
Proteus mirabilis
(4.9%; MIC
50/90
, 0.06/0.12 μg/ml) isolates. The most common enzymes detected among ESBL phenotype isolates from 2013 (
n
= 743) screened using a microarray-based assay were CTX-M-15-like (
n
= 307), KPC (
n
= 120), SHV ESBLs (
n
= 118), and CTX-M-14-like (
n
= 110). KPC producers were highly resistant to comparators, and ceftazidime-avibactam (MIC
50/90
, 0.5/2 μg/ml) and tigecycline (MIC
50/90
, 0.5/1 μg/ml; 98.3% susceptible) were the most active agents against these strains. Meropenem (MIC
50/90
, ≤0.06/≤0.06 μg/ml) and ceftazidime-avibactam (MIC
50/90
, 0.12/0.25 μg/ml) were active against CTX-M-producing isolates. Other enzymes were also observed, and ceftazidime-avibactam displayed good activity against the isolates producing less common enzymes. Among 11 isolates displaying ceftazidime-avibactam MIC values of >8 μg/ml, three were
K. pneumoniae
strains producing metallo-β-lactamases (all ceftazidime-avibactam MICs, >32 μg/ml), with two NDM-1 producers and one
K. pneumoniae
strain carrying the
bla
KPC-2
and
bla
VIM-4
genes. Therapeutic options for isolates producing β-lactamases may be limited, and ceftazidime-avibactam, which displayed good activity against strains, including those producing KPC enzymes, merits further study in infections where such organisms occur.
Mutations in the Bacterial Ribosomal Protein L3 and Their Association with Antibiotic Resistance
Authors: Klitgaard Rasmus N. , Ntokou Eleni , Nørgaard Katrine , Biltoft Daniel , Hansen Lykke H. , Trædholm Nicolai M. , Kongsted Jacob , Vester Birte 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT

Different groups of antibiotics bind to the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) in the large subunit of the bacterial ribosome. Resistance to these groups of antibiotics has often been linked with mutations or methylations of the 23S rRNA. In recent years, there has been a rise in the number of studies where mutations have been found in the ribosomal protein L3 in bacterial strains resistant to PTC-targeting antibiotics but there is often no evidence that these mutations actually confer antibiotic resistance. In this study, a plasmid exchange system was used to replace plasmid-carried wild-type genes with mutated L3 genes in a chromosomal L3 deletion strain. In this way, the essential L3 gene is available for the bacteria while allowing replacement of the wild type with mutated L3 genes. This enables investigation of the effect of single mutations in
Escherichia coli
without a wild-type L3 background. Ten plasmid-carried mutated L3 genes were constructed, and their effect on growth and antibiotic susceptibility was investigated. Additionally, computational modeling of the impact of L3 mutations in
E. coli
was used to assess changes in 50S structure and antibiotic binding. All mutations are placed in the loops of L3 near the PTC. Growth data show that 9 of the 10 mutations were well accepted in
E. coli
, although some of them came with a fitness cost. Only one of the mutants exhibited reduced susceptibility to linezolid, while five exhibited reduced susceptibility to tiamulin.
Kibdelomycin Is a Bactericidal Broad-Spectrum Aerobic Antibacterial Agent
Authors: Singh Sheo B. , Dayananth Priya , Balibar Carl J. , Garlisi Charles G. , Lu Jun , Kishii Ryuta , Takei Masaya , Fukuda Yasumichi , Ha Sookhee , Young Katherine 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT

Bacterial resistance to antibiotics continues to grow and pose serious challenges, while the discovery rate for new antibiotics declines. Kibdelomycin is a recently discovered natural-product antibiotic that inhibits bacterial growth by inhibiting the bacterial DNA replication enzymes DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. It was reported to be a broad-spectrum aerobic Gram-positive agent with selective inhibition of the anaerobic bacterium
Clostridium difficile
. We have extended the profiling of kibdelomycin by using over 196 strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative aerobic pathogens recovered from worldwide patient populations. We report the MIC
50
s, MIC
90
s, and bactericidal activities of kibdelomycin. We confirm the Gram-positive spectrum and report for the first time that kibdelomycin shows strong activity (MIC
90
, 0.125 μg/ml) against clinical strains of the Gram-negative nonfermenter
Acinetobacter baumannii
but only weak activity against
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
. We confirm that well-characterized resistant strains of
Staphylococcus aureus
and
Streptococcus pneumoniae
show no cross-resistance to kibdelomycin and quinolones and coumarin antibiotics. We also show that kibdelomycin is not subject to efflux in
Pseudomonas
, though it is in
Escherichia coli
, and it is generally affected by the outer membrane permeability entry barrier in the nonfermenters
P. aeruginosa
and
A. baumannii
, which may be addressable by structure-based chemical modification.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Novel Mutation of Seoul Virus Isolated from Suncus murinus in the Fujian Province of China
Authors: Wang Yu-ping , Zhang Xiao-long , Zhang Jian-min , Cao Xiao-mei , Han Hui , Huang Ye-neng , Wang Hai-ling , Chen Min , Gao Bo , Yao Li-si 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT
Suncus murinus has been identified as the host for Seoul virus (SEOV). Here, we report the complete genome sequence of SEOV strain Fj372/2013, which was isolated from the lung tissue of Suncus murinus in the Fujian Province of China. A mutation A38C was observed in an open reading fragment of the middle segment.
Novel H5 Clade 2.3.4.4 Reassortant (H5N1) Virus from a Green-Winged Teal in Washington, USA
Authors: Torchetti Mia Kim , Killian Mary Lea , Dusek Robert J. , Pedersen Janice C. , Hines Nichole , Bodenstein Barbara , White C. LeAnn , Ip Hon S. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT
Eurasian (EA)-origin H5N8 clade 2.3.4.4 avian influenza viruses were first detected in North America during December 2014. Subsequent reassortment with North American (AM) low-pathogenic wild-bird-origin avian influenza has generated at least two reassortants, including an EA/AM H5N1 from an apparently healthy wild green-winged teal, suggesting continued ongoing reassortment.
Draft Genome Sequence of Ochrobactrum anthropi Strain ML7 Isolated from Soil Samples in Vinhphuc Province, Vietnam
Authors: Tobias Nicholas J. , Mishra Bagdevi , Gupta Deepak K. , Ke Long Phan , Thines Marco , Bode Helge B. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT

Ochrobactrum species are widespread in the environment and can colonize a wide variety of habitats. Here, we describe the sequencing of a new environmental isolate of
Ochrobactrum anthropi
isolated from northern Vietnam.
Draft Genome Sequence of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Strain E24377A, Obtained from a Tribal Drinking Water Source in India
Authors: Tamhankar Ashok J. , Nerkar Sandeep S. , Khadake Prashant P. , Akolkar Dadasaheb B. , Apurwa Sachin R. , Deshpande Uday , Khedkar Smita U. , Stålsby-Lundborg Cecilia 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT

Enterotoxigenic
Escherichia coli
(ETEC) is a major cause of diarrheal disease in humans and animals. Its dissemination can occur through water sources contaminated by it. Here, we report for the first time the draft genome sequence of ETEC strain E24377A, obtained from a tribal drinking water source in India.
Draft Genome Sequence of Clostridium botulinum B2 450 Strain from Wound Botulism in a Drug User in Italy
Authors: Fillo Silvia , Giordani Francesco , Anselmo Anna , Fortunato Antonella , Palozzi Anna Maria , De Santis Riccardo , Ciammaruconi Andrea , Spagnolo Ferdinando , Anniballi Fabrizio , Fiore Alfonsina , Auricchio Bruna , De Medici Dario , Lista Florigio 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT

Here, we report the draft genome sequence of
Clostridium botulinum
B2 450, responsible for the first reported case of wound botulism in a drug user in Italy.
Genome Sequence of Kosakonia radicincitans Strain YD4, a Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacterium Isolated from Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hill.)
Authors: Bergottini Veronica M. , Filippidou Sevasti , Junier Thomas , Johnson Shannon , Chain Patrick S. , Otegui Monica B. , Zapata Pedro D. , Junier Pilar 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT

Kosakonia radicincitans
strain YD4 is a rhizospheric isolate from yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hill.) with plant growth-promoting effects on this crop. Genes involved in different plant growth-promoting activities are present in this genome, suggesting its potential as a bioinoculant for yerba mate.
Genome Sequence of the Mycorrhiza Helper Bacterium Streptomyces sp. Strain AcH 505
Authors: Tarkka M. T. , Feldhahn L. , Buscot F. , Wubet T. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT
A draft genome sequence of Streptomyces sp. strain AcH 505 is presented here. The genome encodes 22 secondary metabolite gene clusters and a large arsenal of secreted proteins, and their comparative and functional analyses will help to advance our knowledge of symbiotic interactions and fungal and plant biomass degradation.