bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Clinical Anatomic Study of Internal Mammary Perforators as Recipient Vessels for Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Baek In-Soo , You Jae-Pil , Rhee Sung-Mi , Son Gil-Su , Kim Deok-Woo , Dhong Eun-Sang , Park Seung-Ha , Yoon Eul-Sik 
Published: November 2013

Background Partially resecting ribs of the recipient site to facilitate easy anastomosis of the internal mammary vessels to free flaps during breast reconstruction can cause chest wall pain or deformities. To avoid this, the intercostal perforating branches of the internal mammary vessels can be used for anastomosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the location and size of the internal mammary perforator vessels based on clinical intraoperative findings and to determine their reliability as recipient vessels for breast reconstruction with microsurgical free tissue transfer.
Methods Twelve patients were preoperatively screened for the presence of internal mammary perforators using Doppler tracing. After modified radical mastectomy was performed by a general surgeon, the location and size of the internal mammary perforator vessels were microscopically investigated. The external diameter was examined using a vessel-measuring gauge from a mechanical coupling device, and the distance from the mid-sternal line to the perforator was also measured.
Results The largest arterial perforator averaged 1.5 mm, and the largest venous perforator averaged 2.2 mm. Perforators emerging from the second intercostal space had the largest average external diameter; the second intercostal space also had the largest number of perforators arising from it. The average distance from the mid-sternal line to the perforator was 20.2 mm.
Conclusions Internal mammary perforators presented consistent and reliable anatomy in this study. Based on these results, the internal mammary perforators appear to have a suitable diameter for microvascular anastomosis and should be considered as an alternative recipient vessel to the internal mammary vessel.
Comparative Study of Spiral Oblique Retinacular Ligament Reconstruction Techniques Using Either a Lateral Band or a Tendon Graft
Authors: Oh Jae Yun , Kim Jin Soo , Lee Dong Chul , Yang Jae Won , Ki Sae Hwi , Jeon Byung Joon , Roh Si Young 
Published: November 2013

Background In the management of mallet deformities, oblique retinacular ligament (ORL) reconstruction provides a mechanism for automatic distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint extension upon active proximal interphalangeal joint extension. The two variants of ORL reconstruction utilize either the lateral band or a free tendon graft. This study aims to compare these two surgical techniques and to assess any differences in functional outcome. As a secondary measure, the Mitek bone anchor and pull-in suture methods are compared.
Methods A single-institutional retrospective review of ORL reconstruction was performed. The standard patient demographics, injury mechanism, type of ORL reconstruction, and pre/postoperative degree of extension lag were collected for the 27 cases identified. The cases were divided into lateral band (group A, n=15) and free tendon graft groups (group B, n=12). Group B was subdivided into the pull-in suture technique (B-I) and the Mitek bone anchor method (B-II).
Results Overall, ORL reconstructions had improved the mean DIP extension lag by 10° (P=0.027). Neither the reconstructive technique choice nor bone fixation method identified any statistically meaningful difference in functional outcome (P=0.51 and P=0.83, respectively). Soft-tissue injury was associated with 30.8° of improvement in the extension lag. The most common complications were tendon adhesion and rupture.
Conclusions The choice of the ORL reconstructive technique or the bone anchor method did not influence the primary functional outcome of extension lag in this study. Both lateral band and free tendon graft ORL reconstructions are valid treatment methods in the management of chronic mallet deformity.
Impacts of polycultural cropping on crop yields and biodiversity: A systematic map protocol
Authors: Martinez Daisy A. , Gathorne‐Hardy Alfred , Smith Barbara M. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Agriculture is currently the largest driver of biodiversity‐loss worldwide. There is a critical need to develop agricultural systems that protect and promote biodiversity, while also meeting local and global food needs. Ecological theory suggests that cultivating crops in diverse mixtures both maximises niche occupancy and generates additional niches, generating both higher yields and higher biodiversity than cultivation in monocultures. A large and growing body of agronomic research provides strong evidence for the potential productivity and biodiversity benefits of in‐field crop‐diversification strategies. This protocol sets out a methodology for a systematic map of evidence on yield‐ and biodiversity‐outcomes in ‘polycultures’—systems of cultivation where multiple food crop species are grown together simultaneously at field‐scale.

Systematic searches with a global scope will be conducted in Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, and CAB Abstracts to yield a comprehensive sample of relevant published, peer‐reviewed literature. The articles returned by searches will be subject to eligibility screening according to pre‐defined inclusion criteria, at successive stages (title and abstract, and full text). Following this, we will extract data from eligible studies on study designs, survey and sampling protocols, experimental treatments and comparators, and outcomes measured.

A narrative synthesis, illustrated by tables, figures and maps, will describe the quantity and characteristics of the available evidence on the impacts of polycultural cropping on (i) crop yields, and (ii) agroecosystem biodiversity. We will also identify the research that examines these two outcomes in parallel. The synthesis will be accompanied by a published database containing bibliographic information as well as data (see ‘2’) on study characteristics and outcomes.

Practical implications. The anticipated systematic map will provide a synthesis of current evidence regarding the potential yield‐ and biodiversity‐impacts of polycultural cropping. We will identify key knowledge gaps, and ‘clusters’ of related evidence that could lend themselves to further quantitative synthesis via subsequent systematic reviews and/or meta‐analyses. As such, the work will facilitate future appraisal of the potential of polyculture as a tool to bridge the currently conflicting priorities of food production on the one hand and biodiversity conservation on the other.
Implementation of the EU AI act calls for interdisciplinary governance
Authors: Zhong Huixin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe European Union Parliament passed the EU AI Act in 2024, which is an important milestone towards the world's first comprehensive AI law to formally take effect. Although this is a significant achievement, the real work begins with putting these rules into action, a journey filled with challenges and opportunities. This perspective article reviews recent interdisciplinary research aimed at facilitating the implementation of the prohibited AI practices outlined in the EU AI Act. It also explores the necessary future efforts to effectively enforce the banning of those prohibited practices across the EU market and the challenges associated with such enforcement. Addressing these future tasks and challenges calls for the establishment of an interdisciplinary governance framework. This framework may contain a workflow that can identify the necessary expertise and coordinate experts’ collaboration at different stages of AI governance. Additionally, it involves developing and implementing a set of compliance and ethical safeguards to ensure effective management and supervision of AI practices.
Evaluation of knowledge‐based planning models for male pelvic CBCT‐based online adaptive radiotherapy on conventional linear accelerators
Authors: Tegtmeier Riley C. , Clouser Edward L. , Laughlin Brady S. , Santos Toesca Diego A. , Flakus Mattison J. , Bashir Sara , Kutyreff Christopher J. , Hobbis Dean , Harrington Daniel P. , Smetanick Jennifer L. , Yu Nathan Y. , Vargas Carlos E. , James Sarah E. , Rwigema Jean‐Claude M. , Rong Yi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPurposeTo assess the practicality of employing a commercial knowledge‐based planning tool (RapidPlan) to generate adapted intact prostate and prostate bed volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plans on iterative cone‐beam computed tomography (iCBCT) datasets.Methods and materialsIntact prostate and prostate bed RapidPlan models were trained utilizing planning data from 50 and 44 clinical cases, respectively. To ensure that refined models were capable of producing adequate clinical plans with a single optimization, models were tested with 50 clinical planning CT datasets by comparing dose‐volume histogram (DVH) and plan quality metric (PQM) values between clinical and RapidPlan‐generated plans. The RapidPlan tool was then used to retrospectively generate adapted VMAT plans on daily iCBCT images for 20 intact prostate and 15 prostate bed cases. As before, DVH and PQM metrics were utilized to dosimetrically compare scheduled (iCBCT Verify) and adapted (iCBCT RapidPlan) plans. Timing data was collected to further evaluate the feasibility of integrating this approach within an online adaptive radiotherapy workflow.ResultsModel testing results confirmed the models were capable of producing VMAT plans within a single optimization that were overall improved upon or dosimetrically comparable to original clinical plans. Direct application of RapidPlan on iCBCT datasets produced satisfactory intact prostate and prostate bed plans with generally improved target volume coverage/conformality and rectal sparing relative to iCBCT Verify plans as indicated by DVH values, though bladder metrics were marginally increased on average. Average PQM values for iCBCT RapidPlans were significantly improved compared to iCBCT Verify plans. The average time required [in mm:ss] to generate adapted plans was 06:09 ± 02:06 (intact) and 07:12 ± 01:04 (bed).ConclusionThis study demonstrated the feasibility of leveraging RapidPlan to expeditiously generate adapted VMAT intact prostate and prostate bed plans on iCBCT datasets. In general, adapted plans were dosimetrically improved relative to scheduled plans, emphasizing the practicality of the proposed approach.
Neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio and longitudinal cognitive performance in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Lucero Jenniffer , Gurnani Ashita , Weinberg Janice , Shih Ludy C 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectivePrevious studies have suggested a link between peripheral inflammation and cognitive outcomes in the general population and individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD). We sought to test the association between peripheral inflammation, measured by the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), cognitive performance, and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) status in individuals with PD.MethodsA retrospective, longitudinal analysis was carried out using data from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI), including 422 participants with PD followed over 5 years. Cognitive performance was assessed using a neuropsychological battery including the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and tests of verbal learning, visuospatial function, processing speed, and executive function. Mixed‐effect regression models were used to analyze the association between NLR, cognitive performance, and MCI status, controlling for age, sex, education, APOE genotype, and motor severity.ResultsThere was a negative association between NLR and MoCA, even after adjusting for covariates (b = −0.12, p = 0.033). MoCA scores for individuals in the high NLR category exhibited a more rapid decline over time compared to the low NLR group (b = −0.16, p = 0.012). Increased NLR was associated with decreased performance across all cognitive domains. However, NLR was not associated with MCI status over 5 years of follow‐up.InterpretationThis study demonstrates a link between elevated NLR and cognitive performance in PD, but not with MCI status over 5 years. This suggests that NLR is more strongly associated with day‐to‐day cognitive performance than with incident MCI, but this requires further study in more heterogeneous cohorts.
Microfluidics as a Powerful Tool to Investigate Microvascular Dysfunction in Trauma Conditions: A Review of the State‐of‐the‐Art
Authors: Bathrinarayanan P. Vasanthi , Hallam S. M. , Grover L. M. , Vigolo D. , Simmons M. J. H. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSkeletal muscle trauma such as fracture or crush injury can result in a life‐threatening condition called acute compartment syndrome (ACS), which involves elevated compartmental pressure within a closed osteo‐fascial compartment, leading to collapse of the microvasculature and resulting in necrosis of the tissue due to ischemia. Diagnosis of ACS is complex and controversial due to the lack of standardized objective methods, which results in high rates of misdiagnosis/late diagnosis, leading to permanent neuro‐muscular damage. ACS pathophysiology is poorly understood at a cellular level due to the lack of physiologically relevant models. In this context, microfluidics organ‐on‐chip systems (OOCs) provide an exciting opportunity to investigate the cellular mechanisms of microvascular dysfunction that leads to ACS. In this article, the state‐of‐the‐art OOCs designs and strategies used to investigate microvasculature dysfunction mechanisms is reviewed. The differential effects of hemodynamic shear stress on endothelial cell characteristics such as morphology, permeability, and inflammation, all of which are altered during microvascular dysfunction is highlighted. The article then critically reviews the importance of microfluidics to investigate closely related microvascular pathologies that cause ACS. The article concludes by discussing potential biomarkers of ACS with a special emphasis on glycocalyx and providing a future perspective.
Multifunctional Recyclable Glassy Polymeric Materials
Authors: Zhang Zhenqiang , Xie Qingyi , Zhang Guoliang , Ma Chunfeng , Zhang Guangzhao 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMultifunctional recyclable glassy polymeric materials (GPMs) are sustainable substitutes for high‐performance protective materials in aerospace, transportation, construction, and electronics; however, only a few such materials have been reported. This study presents a novel material design including the modular construction, utilization of self‐reinforcing polysilsesquioxane (POSS), and self‐enrichment strategy to integrate multifunctions in recyclable GPMs. Specifically, rigid self‐reinforcing thiol‐capped POSS (module 1) are connected with isocyanate‐terminated polyurethane precursors (module 2) by forming dynamic thiourethane covalent bonds to fabricate recyclable GPMs. Particularly, based on the modular construction and self‐enrichment strategy, functional module 3 can be introduced to endow recyclable GPMs with programmable multifunctionality. Demonstrating remarkable properties, including high transparency (>85% transmittance), hardness (up to 5H), good flexibility, and exceptional wear resistance, these materials also exhibit impressive shape reconfigurability and robustness after numerous thermal recycling or remolding cycles. Moreover, the introduction of functional module 3 (e.g., polydimethylsiloxane prepolymer) can self‐enrich onto the surface to endow the materials with anti‐liquid adhesion, self‐cleaning, and deicing properties while having a slight impact on their mechanical properties. This study presents a universal and tunable approach for the future design of multifunctional recyclable GPMs applicable in flexible electronics, aircraft vehicles, and architectural windows.
Commercial Carbon Fibers as Host for Sodium Deposition to Achieve High Volumetric Capacity
Authors: Ji Tianyi , Liu Xiaoxu , Wang Tian , Shi Yunli , Sheng Dawei , Hao Xiaodong , He Chaozheng , Shen Zexiang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe advancement of flexible electronic devices necessitates the utilization of electrode materials that offer robustness and high capacity. In this paper, it is revealed that commercially available carbon fibers with specific microcrystalline structures not only have high mechanical strength but also a high volumetric capacity of up to 300 mAh cm−3, surpassing conventional carbon materials. When multiple structural parameters of carbon fiber reach certain thresholds, a breakthrough in sodium storage capacity and rate performance can be achieved. This study further elucidates the mechanism whereby this specific carbon fiber primarily utilizes an all‐plateau sodium deposition mechanism, which occurs in pore‐like grain boundaries. Through in situ spectroscopy and synchrotron techniques, the reversible deposition process of metallic sodium has been revealed at different scales. Theoretical calculations and thermodynamic principles further confirm the desolvation and deposition mechanisms in carbon fibers. As a result, this research discovers the modulating effects and patterns of crystallinity, defect, and orientation of carbon materials on sodium storage sites and diffusion kinetics, thereby achieving controlled sodium storage. This work shows that commercial carbon fibers can serve as robust hosts for sodium deposition and enhances the theoretical understanding of how the microcrystalline structure of carbon materials relates to sodium storage properties.
Unraveling the Molecular Origin of Prey‐Wrapping Spider Silk's Unique Mechanical Properties and Assembly Process Using NMR
Authors: Chalek Kevin , Onofrei David , Aldana Julian E. , Johnson Hannah R. , Stengel Dillan , Chau Andy T. , Domingo Anikin Rae , Alcala Erik , Tsui Esther , Botello Francisco , Soni Ashana , Addison Bennett , Holland Gregory P. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPrey wrapping spider silk's unique mechanical properties are investigated confirming the silk's high degree of extensibility and superior toughness compared to other types of spider silk. For the first time, the pre‐spinning dope phase is studied in isotope‐enriched intact aciniform (AC) silk glands using solution NMR that reveals a combination of α‐helical domains linked by disordered random coil chains consistent with previously proposed “beads‐on‐a‐string” models. The model is further refined through the AlphaFold2 protein structure prediction tool. Finally, extensive magic angle spinning (MAS) solid‐state (SS) NMR data for isotopically‐enriched fibers is used to refine the structural model for AC silk from two species, A. aurantia and A. argentata. The SSNMR data shows that the AC silk fibers are highly α‐helical, coiled‐coil in structure but, also exhibit significant β‐sheet components that can be traced back to the Gly‐rich disordered linker regions in the pre‐spinning dope phase that are converted to β‐sheet structures during fiber formation. This combination of mechanical and structural characterization enhances the understanding of AC silk's liquid‐to‐solid transition and structure‐mechanics relationship. These prey wrap silk results and models will provide the basis for the design of biomimetic materials inspired by the AC spider silk system.
Core–Shell Nanostructured Assemblies Enable Ultrarobust, Notch‐Resistant and Self‐Healing Materials
Authors: Li Changchun , Yang Xin , Wang Yuyan , Liu Jize , Zhang Xinxing 
Published: July 2024

AbstractActuators based on stimulus‐responsive soft materials have attracted widespread attention due to their significant advantages in flexibility and structural adaptability over traditional rigid actuators. However, the development of fast‐actuating, mechanical robust and self‐healing actuators without compromising flexibility remains an ongoing challenge. Here, this study presents a photo‐responsive flexible actuator by incorporating core–shell liquid metal nano‐assemblies into a polyurethane matrix to construct a dynamic supramolecular interface. The nano‐assemblies are endowed with adaptive characteristics to external loading, being expected to dissipate energy via the reversible reconstruction of hydrogen bonding and deformation of nano‐assemblies. The obtained composites exhibit excellent mechanical strength (31 MPa), low modulus (2.02 MPa), high stretchability (1563.95%), autonomous self‐healing (92.5%), and NIR‐responsive actuation properties. Furthermore, the combination of high cohesive energy but fluxible nano‐liquid metal core, and strong dynamic interface not only achieves the balance of high tensile strength and high flexibility but also endows the actuators with outstanding notch‐resistant performance (fracture energy≈58.8 kJ m−2) through multiphase energy dissipation. This work provides a promising strategy for developing soft yet tough self‐healing materials in the fields of flexible robotics and artificial muscles.
A Dual‐Carbon Potassium‐Ion Capacitor Enabled by Hollow Carbon Fibrous Electrodes with Reduced Graphitization
Authors: Shi Xiaojun , Wang Huanwen , Xie Zeren , Mao Zhifei , Zhang Taoqiu , Jin Jun , He Beibei , Wang Rui , Gong Yansheng , Fan Hong Jin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe large size of K+ ions (1.38 Å) sets a challenge in achieving high kinetics and long lifespan of potassium storage devices. Here, a fibrous ZrO2 membrane is utilized as a reactive template to construct a dual‐carbon K‐ion capacitor. Unlike graphite, ZrO2‐catalyzed graphitic carbon presents a relatively disordered layer arrangement with an expanded interlayer spacing of 0.378 nm to accommodate K+ insertion/extraction. Pyridine‐derived nitrogen sites can locally store K‐ions without disrupting the formation of stage‐1 graphite intercalation compounds (GICs). Consequently, N‐doped hollow graphitic carbon fiber achieves a K+‐storage capacity (primarily below 1 V), which is 1.5 time that of commercial graphite. Potassium‐ion hybrid capacitors are assembled using the hollow carbon fiber electrodes and the ZrO2 nanofiber membrane as the separator. The capacitor exhibits a high power of 40 000 W kg−1, full charge in 8.5 s, 93% capacity retention after 5000 cycles at 2 A g−1, and a low self‐discharge rate of 8.6 mV h−1. The scalability and high performance of the lattice‐expanded tubular carbon electrodes underscores may advance the practical potassium‐ion capacitors.
Dynamic Memristors for Temporal Signal Processing
Authors: Song Fuming , Shao He , Ming Jianyu , Sun Jintao , Li Wen , Yi Mingdong , Xie Linghai , Ling Haifeng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe rapid advancement of neuromorphic computing demands innovative hardware solutions capable of efficiently mimicking the functionality of biological neural systems. In this context, dynamic memristors have emerged as promising candidates for realizing neuromorphic reservoir computing (RC) architectures. The dynamic memristors characterized by their ability to exhibit nonlinear conductance variations and transient memory behaviors offer unique advantages for constructing RC systems. Unlike recurrent neural networks (RNNs) that face challenges such as vanishing or exploding gradients during training, RC leverages a fixed‐size reservoir layer that acts as a nonlinear dynamic memory. Researchers can capitalize on their adaptable and efficient characteristics by integrating dynamic memristors into RC systems to enable rapid information processing with low learning costs. This perspective provides an overview of the recent developments in dynamic memristors and their applications in neuromorphic RC. It highlights their potential to revolutionize artificial intelligence hardware by offering faster learning speeds and enhanced energy efficiency. Furthermore, it discusses challenges and opportunities associated with integrating dynamic memristors into RC architectures, paving the way for developing next‐generation cognitive computing systems.