bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contrasting genetic diversity and population structure among three sympatric Madagascan shorebirds: parallels with rarity, endemism, and dispersal
Authors: Eberhart‐Phillips Luke J. , Hoffman Joseph I. , Brede Edward G. , Zefania Sama , Kamrad Martina J. , Székely Tamás , Bruford Michael W. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractUnderstanding the relative contributions of intrinsic and extrinsic factors to population structure and genetic diversity is a central goal of conservation and evolutionary genetics. One way to achieve this is through comparative population genetic analysis of sympatric sister taxa, which allows evaluation of intrinsic factors such as population demography and life history while controlling for phylogenetic relatedness and geography. We used ten conserved microsatellites to explore the population structure and genetic diversity of three sympatric and closely related plover species in southwestern Madagascar: Kittlitz's plover (Charadrius pecuarius), white‐fronted plover (C. marginatus), and Madagascar plover (C. thoracicus). Bayesian clustering revealed strong population structure in the rare and endemic Madagascar plover, intermediate population structure in the white‐fronted plover, and no detectable population structure in the geographically widespread Kittlitz's plover. In contrast, allelic richness and heterozygosity were highest for the Kittlitz's plover, intermediate for the white‐fronted plover and lowest for the Madagascar plover. No evidence was found in support of the “watershed mechanism” proposed to facilitate vicariant divergence of Madagascan lemurs and reptiles, which we attribute to the vagility of birds. However, we found a significant pattern of genetic isolation by distance among populations of the Madagascar plover, but not for the other two species. These findings suggest that interspecific variation in rarity, endemism, and dispersal propensity may influence genetic structure and diversity, even in highly vagile species.
Simultaneous optical and impedance analysis of single cells: A comparison of two microfluidic sensors with sheath flow focusing
Authors: Frankowski Marcin , Simon Peter , Bock Nicole , El‐Hasni Akram , Schnakenberg Uwe , Neukammer Jörg 
Published: January 2015

Systems with disposable microfluidic cartridges are demanded for in vitro point‐of‐care diagnostics. Here, we developed two microfluidic sensors for flow cytometry cell differentiation based on the combined analysis of electrical impedance and optical properties of microparticles and blood cells. Both microdevices incorporate 1D sheath flow focusing to confine particles in a defined plane. For one sensor, a novel approach based on electroplating of gold was used in combination with lithography in SU‐8. Electrodes for differential measurements are integrated into the flow channel perpendicularly to the plane of the substrate. For the manufacturing of the second sensor, we applied double‐etched glass structures with integrated sputtered Pt electrode pairs. Stability of hydrodynamic focusing was benchmarked by measuring the coefficients of variations of calibration beads with specified size and fluorescence intensities. Sensitivity of electrical impedance measured in the MHz frequency range allowed detection of beads with a diameter of 1 μm when using side scatter as trigger signal. Measured particles were moving at a velocity of up to 6 m/s. Differentiation of leukocytes was achieved by simultaneous detection of impedance signals, correlated with intrinsic electrical properties of cells, and fluorescence measurements using standard protocols for immunophenotyping of white blood cells. The resulting separation of cell clusters is similar to that of microdevices with 2D hydrodynamic focusing and routine flow cytometers.
Closing the Lifecycle of Rare Earth Magnets: Discovery of Neodymium in Slag from Steel Mills
Authors: Bandara H. M. Dhammika , Mantell Mark A. , Darcy Julia W. , Emmert Marion H. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAnalysis of slag from steel mini‐mills reveals that substantial amounts of the rare earth element neodymium (Nd, an average of 0.032 wt % in the tested samples) are present in this waste product. This provides insight into a currently unknown part of the rare earth lifecycle after the end‐of‐life for rare earth magnet motors. Furthermore, slag from steel mini‐mills that reprocess steel scrap is therefore an important potential source of the rare earth element Nd especially in countries without established mining operations or direct access to rare earth ores.
A Review of the Design Strategies for Tailored Cathode Catalyst Materials in Rechargeable Li‐O2 Batteries
Authors: Song Kyeongse , Agyeman Daniel Adjei , Jung Jaepyeong , Jo Mi Ru , Yang Junghoon , Kang Yong‐Mook 
Published: January 2015

AbstractFor the purpose of reducing not only the consumption of natural resources, but also the environmental pollution from internal combustion engines, much effort has been dedicated to developing new energy storage systems (ESSs) and electric vehicles (EVs) powered by batteries. There are several stringent requirements, such as high power/energy density, good safety, and high reliability against external environmental abuse. For next‐generation batteries to meet these requirements, the development of a new energy conversion system is crucial. Therefore, lithium‐oxygen (lithium‐O2) batteries have attracted intensive attention, due to their high theoretical energy density, compared with those of gasoline engines. However, present lithium‐O2 batteries exhibit low round‐trip efficiency and cyclic degradation, thus preventing their commercialization as next‐generation power sources. This drawback may be attributed to the high thermodynamic stability of discharge products and their intrinsic insulating character, leading to the surge of polarization in oxygen reduction reactions/oxygen evolution reactions (ORRs/OERs). To alleviate cyclic degradation and improve round‐trip efficiency, it has been reported that the polarization can be reduced by adopting adequate cathode catalysts, based on their surface structures regulating oxygen adsorption. Here we provide and discuss several design strategies for tailoring catalytic materials from a structural and morphological viewpoint, as well as their effect on discharge products.
Microwave‐assisted hydrodistillation of juniper berry essential oil: kinetic modeling and chemical composition
Authors: Pavićević Vladimir P , Marković Miljana S , Milojević Svetomir Ž , Ristić Mihailo S , Povrenović Dragan S , Veljković Vlada B 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDMicrowave‐assisted hydrodistillation (MAHD) has widely been used to isolate essential oil from various plant materials, but it has not been applied yet to extract essential oil from juniper berries. The main goals of the present work were to establish a model describing the extraction kinetics and the chemical composition of the essential oil obtained.RESULTSA lower final essential oil yield from juniper berries was obtained by MAHD than by conventional hydrodistillation (HD). No significant differences in chemical compositions of the essential oils extracted by the two techniques were observed. The mechanism of both processes was the same and included fast (washing) and slow (diffusion) distillation of essential oil that occurred simultaneously.CONCLUSIONThe kinetic model involving simultaneous washing and diffusion of essential oil was verified for various plant materials (areal parts of savory and thyme, fennel seeds and juniper berries) for both MAHD and HD that indicated its general importance. For the first time, the kinetic models of MAHD and HD were compared. Knowledge of the juniper berry essential oil yield and the extraction kinetics is of importance from the technological and economics points of view, while the chemical composition determines its use. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Knowing and Doing Between the Academic and Policy Worlds in Development Assistance
Authors: Brigg Morgan , Curth‐Bibb Jodie , Strakosch Elizabeth , Weber Martin 
Published: January 2015

AbstractPolicy professionals overseeing the provision of development assistance and their critical academic counterparts are often at odds with each other. Although many agree that it is useful to deal with this tension, current efforts to do so tend to exhort each to be more like the other under the rhetoric of ‘evidence‐based policy’. Meanwhile, the differences between these players are kept alive by mutual misunderstandings that can border upon stereotyping. This paper reflects on this situation from the perspective of the critical academic and offers an enhanced understanding of key positions and misapprehensions to contribute to a foundation for improved relationships. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nutritional aspects of gluten‐free products
Authors: Pellegrini Nicoletta , Agostoni Carlo 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIn recent years, gluten‐free (GF) goods have become popular, fuelling a growing market, as they not only cater to individuals with medical needs but also to consumers who seek a GF diet. In their development, it is pivotal to pay attention to nutritional quality. This review aims to provide some insights on the nutritional quality of GF products, focusing on major concerns and the strategies to overcome them. In order to mimic the viscoelastic properties of gluten, a large number of flours and starches and other ingredients have been used. Therefore the different mixtures of these ingredients bring a wide difference in the nutritional composition of GF foods with respect to gluten‐containing counterparts. Several GF foodstuffs contain more fat, including saturated, and salt but fewer minerals and vitamins than their equivalents with gluten. The increased fibre content and improved technological processes have positively affected the glycaemic responses from these goods. However, in order to improve their nutritional quality, wholemeal GF cereals and pseudocereals with high nutritive value should replace the low‐nutritional GF flours and consequently the technological processes would be optimized. The improvement of the nutritional quality of GF products, and in turn that of the GF diet, should also be aimed at lowering the risk of later chronic degenerative disorders, especially for infants and young children. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Biodegradable Micelles Capable of Mannose‐Mediated Targeted Drug Delivery to Cancer Cells
Authors: Yin Lichen , Chen Yongbing , Zhang Zhonghai , Yin Qian , Zheng Nan , Cheng Jianjun 
Published: January 2015

A targeted micellar drug delivery system is developed from a biocompatible and biodegradable amphiphilic polyester, poly(Lac‐OCA)‐b‐(poly(Tyr(alkynyl)‐OCA)‐g‐mannose) (PLA‐b‐(PTA‐g‐mannose), that is synthesized via controlled ring‐opening polymerization of O‐carboxyanhydride (OCA) and highly efficient “Click” chemistry. Doxorubicin (DOX), a model lipophilic anticancer drug, can be effectively encapsulated into the micelles, and the mannose moiety allows active targeting of the micelles to cancer cells that specifically express mannose receptors, which thereafter enhances the anticancer efficiency of the drug. Comprised entirely of biodegradable and biocompatible polyesters, this micellar system demonstrates promising potentials for targeted drug delivery and cancer therapy.
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Structural and Optical Properties of Electrodeposited Porous SnO2 Films: Effect of Applied Potential and Post Deposition Annealing Treatment
Authors: Arote Sandeep A. , Tabhane Vilas , Gunjal Shashikant D. , Mohite Kakasaheb C. , Pathan Habib 
Published: January 2015

SummaryNanocrystalline SnO2 film was prepared by cathodic electrodeposition method and its structure and optical properties were studied by X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and UV–visible spectroscopy. The effects of applied potential and post deposition annealing on the structural and optical properties of the SnO2 were studied. It was observed from XRD that, the SnO2 film synthesized at 3 V and annealed at 250 °C showed orthorhombic phase with crystallite size of about 10 nm. The morphological study revealed that the samples having porous nature with the network of spherical shape particles. From UV–visible absorption, the band gap of sample was observed of about 3.9 eV. The water contact angle measurements were studied to see the effect of annealing temperature on the hydrophilicity/ Wettability of the film. The SnO2 surface was hydrophilic, but its hydrophilicity decreased considerably after post deposition annealing. Further the samples were used for dye sensitized solar cell applications and the results were discussed.
Health Consequences of European Contact in the Great Plains: A Comparison of Systemic Stress Levels in Pre‐ and Post‐Contact Arikara Populations
Authors: Offenbecker A. M. , Case D. T. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe biocultural effects of European contact varied considerably throughout the Americas. Some populations were decimated by colonialism, while others benefited from trade relationships and access to new technologies. It has been suggested that initial contact with European fur traders and explorers was economically favourable for Plains village populations, thereby facilitating a period of cultural florescence. In this study, we evaluate the hypothesis that Plains groups were better off than their predecessors during the initial contact period by comparing frequencies of enamel hypoplasia, cribra orbitalia, and porotic hyperostosis in pre‐ and post‐contact Arikara skeletal assemblages. We included both juveniles and adults in our sample to capture variation in the stress experience of different segments of the population. Our analysis revealed similarly low frequencies of cribra orbitalia in the pre‐ and post‐contact groups and no observed cases of porotic hyperostosis. Enamel hypoplasia, however, was significantly more prevalent among post‐contact Arikara villagers when compared to their pre‐contact counterparts, which suggests that stress levels were higher after European contact. Additionally, enamel hypoplasia was most common among post‐contact juveniles. The elevated frequency of enamel hypoplasia in the post‐contact sample combined with the low frequencies of cribra orbitalia and porotic hyperostosis suggests that disease stress, rather than nutritional deficiencies, was likely responsible for the decline in overall health following European contact. These results also suggest that juveniles are sensitive indicators of systemic stress within a population and should be included in bioarchaeological analyses of prehistoric health when available. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conserved residues of the Pro103–Arg115 loop are involved in triggering the allosteric response of the Escherichia coli ADP‐glucose pyrophosphorylase
Authors: Hill Benjamin L. , Wong Jennifer , May Brian M. , Huerta Fidel B. , Manley Tara E. , Sullivan Peter R.F. , Olsen Kenneth W. , Ballicora Miguel A. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe synthesis of glycogen in bacteria and starch in plants is allosterically controlled by the production of ADP‐glucose by ADP‐glucose pyrophosphorylase. Using computational studies, site‐directed mutagenesis, and kinetic characterization, we found a critical region for transmitting the allosteric signal in the Escherichia coli ADP‐glucose pyrophosphorylase. Molecular dynamics simulations and structural comparisons with other ADP‐glucose pyrophosphorylases provided information to hypothesize that a Pro103–Arg115 loop is part of an activation path. It had strongly correlated movements with regions of the enzyme associated with regulation and ATP binding, and a network analysis showed that the optimal network pathways linking ATP and the activator binding Lys39 mainly involved residues of this loop. This hypothesis was biochemically tested by mutagenesis. We found that several alanine mutants of the Pro103–Arg115 loop had altered activation profiles for fructose‐1,6‐bisphosphate. Mutants P103A, Q106A, R107A, W113A, Y114A, and R115A had the most altered kinetic profiles, primarily characterized by a lack of response to fructose‐1,6‐bisphosphate. This loop is a distinct insertional element present only in allosterically regulated sugar nucleotide pyrophosphorylases that could have been acquired to build a triggering mechanism to link proto‐allosteric and catalytic sites.
Time‐resolved photoluminescence characterization of 2 eV band in AlN
Authors: Aleksandrov Ivan A. , Mansurov Vladimir G. , Plyusnin Victor F. , Zhuravlev Konstantin S. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractWe report time‐resolved and temperature‐dependent photoluminescence investigations of 2 eV photoluminescence band in AlN with below bandgap excitation. Series of the samples grown by molecular beam epitaxy on sapphire substrates with varying growth conditions have been studied. Intensity of the 2 eV photoluminescence band has been found to increase with increasing III/V flux ratio. The 2 eV photoluminescence band has been described in one‐dimensional configuration coordinate model. A possible origin of this orange emission has been discussed. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Analysis of the information theoretically secret key agreement by public discussion
Authors: Wang Qiuhua , Wang Xiaojun , Lv Qiuyun , Ye Xueyi , Luo Yi , You Lin 
Published: January 2015

AbstractGenerally, the information theoretically secret key agreement by public discussion consists of three phases, namely, advantage distillation, information reconciliation, and privacy amplification. In the existing literatures, these three phases are studied separately, and no comprehensive consideration has been given. In this paper, we analyze the restrictive relationship among these three phases from an overall point of view. For the satellite scenario, we analyze in detail the Winnow protocol for the first time. We also present the mutual restrictive relationship between the parameters of the advantage distillation phase and the information reconciliation phase. We further address how to set the parameters of the advantage distillation and the information reconciliation to maximize the total secret key agreement efficiency. Moreover, we determine the required length range of the initial random key string to guarantee the validation of the secret key agreement. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A formal analysis of Trusted Platform Module 2.0 hash‐based message authentication code authorization under digital rights management scenario
Authors: Yu Fajiang , Zhang Huanguo , Zhao Bo , Wang Juan , Zhang Liqiang , Yan Fei , Chen Zhenlin 
Published: January 2015

AbstractTrusted Platform Module (TPM) is the “root of trust” of the whole trusted computing platform. The TPM's own security assurance is very important. This paper describes the TPM 2.0 hash‐based message authentication code (HMAC) authorization scheme as a security protocol and makes a detail comparison of the TPM 2.0 authorization to the TPM 1.2 “Object‐Independent Authorization Protocol” and the “Object‐Specific Authorization Protocol.” Then the authors use the typed pi calculus to describe the TPM 2.0 HMAC authorization and its security properties under the Digital Rights Management (DRM) scenario and use ProVerify to reason that the key handle manipulation attack for TPM 1.2 does not exist any more in TPM 2.0, because the access entity unique name has been linked to the HMAC value, but the vulnerability of key blob substitution still exists in TPM 2.0. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New efficient batch verification for an identity‐based signature scheme
Authors: Hwang Jung Yeon , Choi Doo Ho , Cho Hyunsook , Song Boyeon 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBatch verification is a method to verify multiple digital signatures at a batch in time less than total individual verification time. Batch verification for an identity‐based signature scheme (IBS) is attractive because a short public identity such as an e‐mail address can be used as a verification key.In this paper, we first review the recent IBS scheme proposed by Shim and its batch verifier to show that the batch verifier is vulnerable to a forgery attack. In order to resist to the attack, we propose a new efficient batch verifier for the IBS scheme. The proposed batch verifier can deal with arbitrary number of signatures as a batch. We prove formally that the proposed batch verifier is secure. Then, we analyze the computation cost of the proposed batch verifier using concrete parameters and compare it with well‐known batch verifiers. The comparison shows that our batch verifier can significantly outperform the existing batch verifiers in computation.We finally present a one‐round three‐party identity‐based key agreement protocol as an application of our batch verifier, which requires only three pairing operations in verification. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Emergence of neuronal diversity from patterning of telencephalic progenitors
Authors: Azzarelli Roberta , Hardwick Laura J. A. , Philpott Anna 
Published: January 2015

During central nervous system (CNS) development, hundreds of distinct neuronal subtypes are generated from a single layer of multipotent neuroepithelial progenitor cells. Within the rostral CNS, initial regionalization of the telencephalon marks the territories where the cerebral cortex and the basal ganglia originate. Subsequent refinement of the primary structures determines the formation of domains of differential gene expression, where distinct fate‐restricted progenitors are located. To understand how diversification of neural progenitors and neurons is achieved in the telencephalon, it is important to address early and late patterning events in this context. In particular, important questions include: How does the telencephalon become specified and regionalized along the major spatial axes? Within each region, are the differences in neuronal subtypes established at the progenitor level or at the postmitotic stage? If distinct progenitors exist that are committed to subtype‐specific neuronal lineages, how does the diversification emerge? What is the contribution of positional and temporal cues and how is this information integrated into the intrinsic programs of cell identity? WIREs Dev Biol 2015, 4:197–214. doi: 10.1002/wdev.174This article is categorized under:

Establishment of Spatial and Temporal Patterns > Repeating Patterns and Lateral Inhibition
Gene Expression and Transcriptional Hierarchies > Cellular Differentiation
Nervous System Development > Vertebrates: Regional Development