bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feasibility Study of Photovoltaic Microgrids and Their Application in Powering Remote Onshore Oil and Gas Surface instrumentation
Authors: Vidal Faez Angelo M. , Ruvalcaba Velarde Salvador A. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
A new remote onshore well site development requires electrical energy to power instrumentation, cathodic protection and communications equipment. Although this equipment is generally not power intensive, it is still a common practice to deploy transmission lines to connect the well site to the electrical grid, no matter how far away it can be. This procedure is usually expensive and time consuming.
In this study, we propose a distributed energy generation scheme using a solar photovoltaic (PV) microgrid which can be rapidly deployed and can power one or several well sites. For this purpose, we utilized the microgrid modeling software HOMER (Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Energy Resources), which allowed us to develop a techno-economical evaluation as well as an environmental impact study of the initiative. Furthermore, we present the conceptual design of the system, which can be easily scaled to the power requirements of any number of well sites.
Using this approach, we show the feasibility of a remote area renewable energy microgrid along with its levelized cost of energy (LCOE). In addition, we show that this method can significantly reduce the reliance on conventional sources of energy, while maintaining the reliability of the system.
In summary, this proposal depicts how onshore surface equipment power requirements can be reliably met by using distributed energy generation. The use of renewable energies provides an alternative path which enables energy efficiency optimization while providing a reduction in CO2 emissions through a clean environmental solution.
Well Engineering Schematics for Design & Analysis using Digital Well Files
Authors: Al-Sanie Faisal S. , Al-Khudiri Musab M. , Radhwi Asem O. , Mubaireek Hussain , Kashif Muhammad , Jovin Tony 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The advancements in tools and technology with the variety of data available in drilling industry has increased drastically. It is quite important to manage them in the best form so that we could effectively use this for several constructive purposes such as planning, execution and post processing analysis in drilling. For many years data has been majorly classified as static and real time where Real time from sensors lives feed is often visualized for operational decision making. Static information such as casing design, tubular design, well head design, BOP design are often stored as static files at database level.
It is often a tedious process for a drilling expert to replicate a similar design in engineering that he had created before for reference modelling or analysis. This is mainly due to the fact that the data is often not available in a flexible format.
To address such issues Saudi Aramco has decided to build a Drilling Engineering schematics package that serves in visualizing all of the available drilling data types. These data types significantly assist us to uncover many uncertainties such as when the data is captured or analyzed.
The system is designed is in flexible format such that it could be accessible for all users across the same platform. Industrial format WITSML and Representational State transfers web services are used together to construct a data converter that converts any form of data into WITSML objects. These WITSML objects are then referenced using an image library set of components before they reach the final output for users.
The system will be so useful for the drilling professionals for design and analysis as it can detect anomalies in the data such as casing, Cementing, Bottom Hole Assembly to name a few.
IPR Utilization in Optimizing Wells’ Production under Rigorous Flow Conditions
Authors: Albokhari Nooreddeen , Almubarak Tariq 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
IPR is a fundamental equation in production optimization and reservoir simulation modeling. The existing practices mainly rely on bottom-hole pressure measurements. Nonetheless, obtaining such field data is usually costly. Consequently, Production Engineers would favor the implementation of readily available well data such as wellhead pressures (Pwh). This paper will discuss a developed mathematical approach using Vogel/Fetkovich equations to correlate between Pwh and flow rates in oil reservoirs with high bubble point pressure. To illustrate this method, a comparison between implementing Vogel's equation "Rate dependent" and Fetkovich's approximation "PI dependent" will be explicitly clarified. The employed parameters will be explained briefly below.
First, PI is obtained from both flow rates -measured by Multi-Phase Flow Meter (MPFM) – and their corresponding ΔP. Second, reservoir pressure (Pr) and its corresponding bubble point are derived from its unique characteristics. Third, shut-in wellhead pressures (SIWHP) are attained from field‘s safety requirements. Last, the modified Pb (CWHP) –at which the graph curves- is calculated based on a developed empirical correlation that accounts for fluid column pressure and marginalizes temperature role. In addition, an elucidation behind substituting Pr with SIWHP and Pwf with Pwh in Vogel/Fetkovich equations will be discussed. The limitations and assumptions will be meticulously explained.
The results –based on actual field data with two distinct reservoirs– reflect marginal error percentages (around 5%) compared to MPFM testing results at identical Pwh. Furthermore, an adequate prediction of Pwh at which Pr goes below its bubble point (common problem in oil reservoirs with high Pb) is achieved. In conclusion, the field's IPRs will be effectively updated and tracked which will mimic the actual reservoir performance and positively impact both field optimization processes and simulation runs.
Model of Hydraulic Fracture Initiation from the Notched Open Hole
Authors: Aidagulov Gallyam , Alekseenko Olga , Chang Frank F. , Bartko Kirk , Cherny Sergey , Esipov Denis , Kuranakov Dmitry , Lapin Vasily 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
In stimulating tight carbonate formations, the propagation of multiple transverse fractures is highly desirable to contact as much matrix as possible. The application of this method to openhole well environments is challenged by the dominating impact of hoop stresses in the near-wellbore vicinity rather than far-field stress in the producing layer. As a result, even if the open hole is drilled in the direction of minimal horizontal far-field stress, there is a high probability that hydraulic fractures initiate longitudinally and then turn to the preferred fracture plane, creating undesired tortuosity.
One of the approaches towards controlling both the position and direction of fracture initiation is to cut notches in the wellbore wall at specified positions. As pressure increases during fracturing, those notches can locally eliminate the influence of the wellbore hoop stress and develop high tensile stress concentrations initiating transverse hydraulic fractures at lower pressures.
A theoretical model is proposed herein that aims to predict the position, orientation, and pressure at which a fracture initiates. In the model, the 3D stress state around wellbore and notch(es) is analyzed using the brittle fracture criteria. In the numerical implementation, the stresses are efficiently resolved using the boundary element method. The model is used to interpret published laboratory data on fracture initiation including those from hydraulic fracturing block tests. It is shown that the conventional maximum tensile stress (MTS) criterion fails to reproduce the observed trends in initiation pressure and fracture orientation. The nonlocal modification of the MTS criterion based on the stress averaging technique (SAMTS), reveals a good match with initiation pressures in simplified tests. When applied to hydraulic fracturing block test data, SAMTS captures the observed fracture orientations while overestimating the absolute pressure values. The discussion of possible reasons for that overestimate and the way forward concludes the paper.
Feature Selection-Based ANN for Improved Characterization of Carbonate Reservoir
Authors: Akande’ Kabiru. O. , Olatunji Sunday. O. , Owolabi Taoreed. O. , AbdulRaheem AbdulAzeez 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Permeability of hydrocarbon reservoir is an important petrophysical parameter that serves as an indicator of the overall quality and quantity of hydrocarbons present in the reservoir and the rate at which it can be produced. Therefore, its accurate prediction is of fundamental concern to petroleum engineers. In this work, a correlation-based feature selection technique is proposed to improve the performance and accuracy of artificial neural network (ANN) in permeability prediction. The effect of the technique has been investigated using two diverse datasets obtained from a Middle Eastern oil and gas field. The proposed approach employs fewer datasets in substantially improving ANN performance. The results of this work suggest a way to improve the performance of computational intelligence technique in reservoir characterization using fewer datasets which results in less computing time and computational cost. Keywords: Permeability prediction; Feature selection, ANN, Reservoir characterization.
Organ Weight Measured at Autopsy in Critically Ill Children
Authors: Proulx François , Guilemette Julie , Roumeliotis Nadia , Emeriaud Guillaume 
Published: June 2015

We determined whether organ weights at autopsy are correlated with disease acuity leading to pediatric intensive care unit (ICU) admission and death. The weights of heart, lungs, kidneys, liver, spleen, and brain were recorded in 68 pediatric ICU cases. For each organ, weight Z scores were calculated based on reference values previously established in large cohorts of deceased children by Kayser (any organ), or Dekaban and Sadowsky (brain only). Organ weight Z scores in pediatric ICU patients were severely increased (median [range] for heart, +3.2 [−6.3 to +37.7]; lungs, +3.0 [−8.6 to +38.1]; kidneys, +3.6 [−10.0 to +56.3]; liver, +4.2 [−14.9 to +70.5]; and spleen, +1.3 [−11.5 to +155.8]). Conversely, the brain weight Z score was lower compared to any other organ using either set of reference values: Kayser, −1.1 (−10.5 to +10.6; P < 0.0001); Dekaban and Sadowsky, −0.2 (−7.4 to +7.7; P < 0.0001). Pediatric ICU cases were subdivided based on disease acuity: (1) previously healthy with an acute illness ( n = 11), (2) chronic disease due to congenital malformations ( n = 29), and (3) chronic disease without any detectable malformation ( n = 28). Organ weight Z scores were similar among subgroups with the exception of the brain, which was statistically decreased in chronic disease pathologies (groups 2 and 3). Overall, this study demonstrates the heterogenous distribution of organ weights at autopsy in critically ill children; the weight of heart, lungs, kidneys, and liver, being most frequently increased. The brain is relatively smaller in chronic disease pathologies of pediatric ICU patients.
Impact of Phase Distribution on the Fracture Toughness of High Temperature Resistant Mo-Si-B Alloys
Authors: Becker J. , Krüger M. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Due to their high melting point and good creep resistance, Mo-Si-B alloys have the potential to be used as structural materials at extremely high temperatures in the future. Apart from the relatively ductile Mo solid solution, three-phase molybdenum-based alloys including the intermetallic phases Mo3Si und Mo5SiB2, which enable low fracture toughness, especially at room temperature. A promising approach for fracture toughness improvement consists in the production of a microstructure in which the intermetallic phases are embedded in the ductile Mo solid solution matrix. This paper looks at different powder- and ingot-metallurgical production processes and the resulting microstructures. Particular attention will be paid to the impact of structural component size and phase distribution on the fracture toughness at room temperature.
Influence of the Sample Preparation Technique on the μ Phase Fraction Analysis in a Fe-25Co-15Mo Alloy by Means of XRD
Authors: Turk C. , Kellezi G. , Leitner H. , Clemens H. , Primig S. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The powder metallurgically processed carbon-free alloy Fe-25Co-15Mo (in m.-%) can be hardened via the precipitation of an intermetallic μ phase (Fe, Co)7Mo6 by solution annealing, quenching and subsequent aging. Solution annealing is carried out in the austenite region which leads to a supersaturation of the matrix with molybdenum and the precipitation of nm sized μ phase particles during subsequent aging. “Primary” μ phase particles that are 1–2 μm in diameter formed during prior hot isostatic pressing are the source of molybdenum for aging. However, during solution annealing, these “primary” μ phase particles also impede grain growth. Therefore, the solution annealing process should be optimized to avoid extensive grain growth while still obtaining sufficient molybdenum contents in the matrix. In order to characterize the solution annealing process as a function of time and temperature, dilatometer experiments were performed to monitor the dissolution kinetics of the μ phase. The remaining μ phase fraction was determined in a complementary way by applying two characterization methods: Quantitative analysis of scanning electron microscope images and X-ray diffraction.
Law of the Nations, law for the Nations : The Early Development of Measures for International Human Rights in the Hebrew Bible
Authors: Achenbach Reinhard 
Published: June 2015

Lors de la période perse, la compréhension qu’Israël a de son Dieu évolue : les auteurs sacerdotaux définissent Yhwh comme unique Dieu de l’univers. Une telle définition a des implications éthiques comme le montre par exemple la loi de Gn 9,5b-6. Cette élaboration d’une éthique universaliste par la littérature juive de l’époque perse connaît des parallèles dans la littérature hellénistique. La littérature prophétique d’Israël développe également, à l’époque perse, la notion de « responsabilité morale universelle d’Israël » face aux nations, comme l’attestent les chants du serviteur d’Isaïe (cf. Is 42,1-3 ; 49,6).
Le culte comme élément déterminant de l’identité d’Israël dans le Code de l’Alliance
Authors: Dufour Bertrand 
Published: June 2015

Une étude d’Ex 20,22-26 prenant en compte les textes parallèles et le contexte littéraire permet de penser que ces versets auraient été ajoutés tardivement, à l’époque perse, au Code de l’Alliance dont ils deviennent la nouvelle introduction. Bâtie à partir de divers matériaux ou traditions, cette péricope peut avoir pour fonction d’insérer le Code de l’Alliance dans l’ensemble Ex 19-24 et d’unifier la collection législative qui suit en ordonnant au service de Yahvé des prescriptions très variées. Au plan théologique, face à Dt 12,11 qui requiert un lieu unique choisi par Yahvé, y a-t-il en Ex 20,22-26 légitimation de plusieurs lieux de culte dans le cadre du judaïsme multicentrique de l’époque perse ou une volonté d’archaïser pour souligner l’évolution subséquente de Dt 12 ?
Femmes dans une ecclésiologie intégrale
Authors: Pelletier Anne-Marie 
Published: June 2015

La constitution Lumen Gentium du concile Vatican II envisage, entre le sacerdoce commun des fidèles et le sacerdoce ministériel, une différence d’essence, et non seulement de degré (LG 10), et offre ainsi une possibilité de penser de manière renouvelée la place des femmes dans la vie de l’Église, non pas seulement en fonction des responsabilités qu’elles pourraient y exercer, mais avant tout, en fonction d’une compréhension renouvelée de son mystère. En effet, la formulation de Lumen Gentium permet de dépasser une vision simplement hiérarchique de la relation entre sacerdoce commun et sacerdoce ministériel. Si le sacerdoce ministériel renvoie l’Église au sacerdoce du Christ dont elle procède, il se trouve lui-même placé, à ce titre, au service du sacerdoce commun – ou « existentiel » – des fidèles. La notion de sacerdoce des fidèles constitue ainsi une clef de compréhension de la mission de tous les baptisés – femmes et hommes : à l’exemple du Christ, leur mission primordiale consiste à servir l’autre, dans la réalité incarnée du quotidien.
Instructions to Patients and Families Following Strabismus Surgery
Authors: Dotan Gad , Qureshi Hanya M. , Nelson Leonard B. 
Published: June 2015

Purpose:
To analyze postoperative instructions provided to patients and families after strabismus surgery.

Methods:
In April 2012, a 12-question electronic survey was sent to all members of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus (AAPOS) regarding their instructions to patients undergoing strabismus surgery. The questions specifically addressed patients’ daily activities, such as their resumption of school and work, sports, swimming, normal showering and bathing, and contact lens use.

Results:
One hundred two responses were completed; 96% were from pediatric ophthalmologists regularly performing strabismus surgery. Participation was greater by North American members (86%) and respondents with more than 10 years of experience (75%). Fifty percent of the respondents advised patients to resume normal showering and bathing 24 hours after surgery. Conversely, respondents recommended that children wait 3 to 4 days before resuming schoolwork (52%) and at least 2 weeks before playing in a sandbox (47%). Furthermore, respondents indicated that patients should refrain from participating in sports-related activities for at least 1 week (43%) and should not go swimming for at least 2 weeks (56%). Finally, 47% advised their patients not to wear contact lenses for 2 weeks after surgery.

Conclusions:
Overall, the responses indicated a high regard among AAPOS members for promoting normal healing and prevention of infection and other postoperative complications; however, certain trends, such as the recommendation regarding normal showering, may intimate a lack of further infection prevention.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus.
2015;52(3):142–146.]
Clinical Insights Into Foveal Morphology in Albinism
Authors: McCafferty Brandon K. , Wilk Melissa A. , McAllister John T. , Stepien Kimberly E. , Dubis Adam M. , Brilliant Murray H. , Anderson Jennifer L. , Carroll Joseph , Summers C. Gail 
Published: June 2015

Purpose:
A hallmark of albinism is foveal hypoplasia. However, literature suggests variable foveal development. This study evaluates the association between ocular phenotype and foveal morphology to demonstrate the broad structural and functional spectrum.

Methods:
Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), nystagmus, angle kappa, stereoacuity, iris transillumination, macular melanin presence, foveal avascular zone, and annular reflex were recorded in 14 patients with albinism. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography provided macular images.

Results:
The clinical phenotype was broad, with BCVA varying from 20/20 to 20/100. Better BCVA was associated with a preserved foveal avascular zone, annular macular reflex, stereoacuity, and macular melanin. Imaging demonstrated a continuum of foveal development correlating with BCVA. Individuals with a rudimentary pit had normal inner and outer segment lengthening and better BCVA.

Conclusions:
The spectrum of ocular structure and visual function in albinism is broad, suggesting a possible diagnosis of albinism in a patient with an even more normal clinical presentation.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2015;52(3):167–172.]
De economische werkelijkheid en enquêtebevoegdheid
Authors: van Dalen S.F. 
Published: June 2015

De economische werkelijkheid en enquêtebevoegdheid
De afgelopen jaren is bij het toekennen van enquêtebevoegdheid een aantal keren anders geoordeeld dan de tekst van de wet doet verwachten. Volgens de rechter speelt daarbij de economische werkelijkheid een belangrijke rol. Dit is een onduidelijk en voor meerdere interpretaties vatbaar begrip. Volgens de auteur vormt dit begrip een beoordelingskader waarbinnen de rechter feiten en omstandigheden afweegt. Dit beoordelingskader is nuttig, het biedt de ruimte om aan te sluiten bij de doeleinden van het enquêterecht. Spreken van de ‘achterliggende werkelijkheid’ in plaats van ‘economische werkelijkheid’ zou de onduidelijkheid kunnen wegnemen. De rechter kan dan via enerzijds de afgeleideleer en anderzijds de gelijkstellingsregel afwijken van een al te strikte toepassing van de wettelijke bepaling, indien de achterliggende werkelijkheid dit rechtvaardigt.
Gerechtelijke toetsing bij herroeping van een ontbindingsbesluit van een rechtspersoon
Authors: Groenland I. 
Published: June 2015

Gerechtelijke toetsing bij herroeping van een ontbindingsbesluit van een rechtspersoon. Hoe de Hoge Raad zijn doel voorbijstreeft met onnodig complicerende voorwaarden
In de Rifgat-beschikking van 19 december 2014 (ECLI:NL:HR:2014:3677) heeft de Hoge Raad niet alleen bevestigd dat herroeping van een ontbindingsbesluit mogelijk is, maar ook de daarvoor geldende voorwaarden bepaald. De Hoge Raad geeft daarbij aan dat hij daarmee een leemte vult in de wetgeving en dat het eigenlijk aan de wetgever is om te voorzien in een afgewogen regeling. De door de Hoge Raad geformuleerde voorwaarden lijken echter niet aan te sluiten bij het beoogde doel. Daarnaast blijken deze bij toetsing aan het feitencomplex in de Rifgat-casus niet te leiden tot een redelijke uitkomst. Het verbinden van bijzondere voorwaarden aan herroeping van een ontbindingsbesluit is, gezien de ontwikkelingen in wetgeving, rechtspraak en literatuur, ook niet langer nodig. Een eenvoudige wettelijke regeling voor herroeping van besluiten is daarom, juist na deze Hoge Raad-beschikking, dringend gewenst.
Inequality in our midst
Authors: Lesorogol Carolyn 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe recent recession, Occupy Wall Street movement, Eurozone crisis, and growing recognition of the gap between the top 1 percent and the middle class have brought new attention to the problem of economic and social inequality in the United States in particular and across the globe more generally. In 2013, the Society for Economic Anthropology held its annual conference on the theme of inequality. This issue brings together papers presented at the conference. Although each article presents empirical research from a different part of the world and diverse cultures, some common questions emerge. Many authors investigate how unequal social structures are generated and maintained and the role of economic systems and cultural forms and rules in that process. Drawing on ethnography, they attend to the lived experience of social exclusion, dislocation, and relocation as systems undergo change. The process of change is itself also critical; how do people act individually and together in the face of inequality? These are some of the questions that the articles in this issue explore. The studies presented here document, through empirically grounded research, many aspects of these complex questions and move our understanding forward in new ways.