bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LES of a Spatially Developing Atmospheric Boundary Layer: Application of a Fringe Method for the Stratocumulus to Shallow Cumulus Cloud Transition
Authors: Inoue M. , Matheou G. , Teixeira J. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAn arrangement of a large-eddy simulation (LES) is described that facilitates a spatially developing thermally stratified atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). When the inflow and outflow boundary conditions are specified, the LES of stably stratified ABL turns out to be challenging because spurious reflections of waves at the boundary accumulate inside the domain. To tackle this problem, a fringe method with an auxiliary LES running concurrently is applied to enforce upstream/downstream boundary conditions. An artificial forcing term is applied within a fringe region located at the beginning of the main LES domain in order to ensure statistically stationary inflow boundary conditions. The auxiliary LES, which is horizontally homogeneous in a doubly periodic domain, is used to determine the inflow condition of the main LES domain. The present scheme is used to provide an Eulerian perspective of the stratocumulus to shallow cumulus cloud (Sc–Cu) transition, one of the key cloud regimes over the subtropical ocean. In this study, the transition is triggered by increasing the sea surface temperature (SST) and the LES runs until a statistically steady evolution of the Sc–Cu transition is achieved. The flow statistics are compared with those from a recycling-type method and it is found that the fringe method is more suitable for the current applications.
Formulation and Characterization of a Porous, Elastomeric Biomaterial for Vocal Fold Tissue Engineering Research
Authors: Gaston Joel , Bartlett Rebecca S. , Klemuk Sarah A. , Thibeault Susan L. 
Published: June 2014

Objective: Biomaterials able to mimic the mechanical properties of vocal fold tissue may be particularly useful for furnishing a 3-dimensional microenvironment allowing for in vitro investigation of cell and molecular responses to vibration. Motivated by the dearth of biomaterials available for use in an in vitro model for vocal fold tissue, we investigated polyether polyurethane (PEU) matrices, which are porous, mechanically tunable biomaterials that are inexpensive and require only standard laboratory equipment for fabrication. Methods: Rheology, dynamic mechanical analysis, and scanning electron microscopy were performed on PEU matrices at 5%, 10%, and 20% w/v mass concentrations. Results: For 5%, 10%, and 20% w/v concentrations, shear storage moduli were 2 kPa, 3.4 kPa, and 6 kPa, respectively, with shear loss moduli being 0.2 kPa, 0.38 kPa, and 0.62 kPa, respectively. Storage moduli responded to applied frequency as a linear function. Mercury intrusion porosimetry revealed that all 3 mass concentrations of PEU have a similar overall percentage porosity but differ in pore architecture. Conclusion: Twenty-µm diameter pores are ideal for cell seeding, and a range of mechanical properties indicates that the higher mass concentration PEU formulations are best suited for mimicking the viscoelastic properties of vocal fold tissue for in vitro research.
Improving collaboration: a qualitative assessment of inter-agency collaboration between a pilot Multisystemic Therapy Child Abuse and Neglect (MST-CAN) program and a child protection team
Authors: Hebert Sarah , Bor William , Swenson Cynthia C , Boyle Christopher 
Published: June 2014

Objective: Child protection inter-agency collaboration is characterized by strengths and problems. Some literature notes positive attitudes and high trust between teams. However, difficulties with communication, confidentiality, roles, boundaries and divergent paradigms reconciling child protection and parent mental health needs have been documented. This study investigated whether a pilot model of intensive family intervention for maltreated children and associated intensive inter-agency cooperation delivered an effective collaboration. Method: At the completion of the pilot program, a child protection team was interviewed. A qualitative assessment by semi-structured group interview format of inter-agency collaboration was undertaken and evaluated by a thematic analysis. Results: The analysis identified: strong endorsement of the collaborative model; no changes in perception of referred patients; changes in treatment approaches. No perceived conflict between child protection and parent mental health needs were noted. Conclusions: The changes noted may be due to the unique structure and functioning of the pilot Multisystemic Therapy Child Abuse and Neglect program, which encouraged high levels of team communication, strong client engagement, availability and intensive treatment of child and parent mental health problems. The implications for future collaborations are discussed as well as limitations of the study.
Sir John Macpherson, the first but sometimes overlooked Professor of Psychiatry at the University of Sydney
Authors: White Richard T 
Published: June 2014

Objective: To chronicle the creation of the Chair of Psychiatry at the University of Sydney, and the career and legacy, in New South Wales, of the first incumbent, Professor Sir John Macpherson CB MD FRCPE. Conclusions: The creation of the Chair, Macpherson’s appointment, and his contributions to psychiatry in Sydney during the 52 months of his tenure, are well documented in contemporaneous sources and demonstrate that he was a very worthy Foundation Professor of Psychiatry at the University of Sydney. There are several possible reasons why Macpherson has been overlooked, including an erroneous statement in The World History of Psychiatry (1975) that William Siegfried Dawson, his successor from 1927 to 1952, was the first Professor of Psychiatry.
An inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor exhibiting immunoreactivity to KIT: a case report focusing on a diagnostic pitfall
Authors: Kataoka Tatsuki R , Yamashita Nobuhiro , Furuhata Ayako , Hirata Masahiro , Ishida Takaki , Nakamura Ichiro , Hirota Seiichi , Haga Hironori , Katsuyama Eiji 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMTs) and gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are both spindle cell tumors, and occur rarely in the wall of the urinary bladder. In general, immunostaining allows differentiation of IMTs and GISTs. Most IMTs are positive for anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) and negative for KIT, whereas most GISTs are ALK-negative and KIT-positive. Here, we describe a case of a spindle cell tumor in the wall of the urinary bladder. The spindle cells were positive for both ALK and KIT, and it was thus difficult to determine whether the tumor was an IMT or a GIST. We eventually diagnosed an IMT, because ALK gene rearrangement was confirmed by fluorescent in-situ hybridization. Cytoplasmic staining for KIT and the absence of other GIST markers, including DOG1 and platelet-derived growth factor α, indicated that the tumor was not a GIST. Therefore, IMTs should be included in the differential diagnosis of spindle cell tumors, even those that are KIT-positive.
Decreased Pain Threshold and Enhanced Synaptic Transmission in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex of Experimental Hypothyroidism Mice
Authors: Yi Jun , Zheng Jian-Yong , Zhang Wei , Wang Shan , Yang Zhi-Fu , Dou Ke-Feng 
Published: June 2014

Background: Thyroid hormones are essential for the maturation and functions of the central nervous system. Pain sensitivity is related to the thyroid status. However, information on how thyroid hormones affect pain processing and synaptic transmission in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is limited. Nociceptive threshold and synaptic transmission in the ACC were detected in the experimental hypothyroidism (HT) mice. Results: HT was induced by methimazole and potassium perchlorate in distilled drinking water for 4 weeks. The threshold of pain perception to hot insults, but not mechanical ones, decreased in hypothyroid mice. After treatment with tri-iodothyronine (T3) or thyroxine (T4) for 2 weeks, thermal pain threshold recovered. Electrophysiological recordings revealed enhanced glutamatergic synaptic transmission and reduced GABAergic synaptic transmission in the ACC. Supplementation with T3 or T4 significantly rescued this synaptic transmission imbalance. In the same model, HT caused the up-regulation of the ***GluR1 subunit of the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor and NR2B-containing N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors, but it down-regulated γ-aminobutyric acid A receptors in the ACC. Supplementation with T3 or T4 notably recovered the levels of above proteins. Conclusions: These results suggest that HT promotes hypersensitivity to noxious thermal, and that supplementation with T3 or T4 rescues the imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory transmission in the ACC.
John Ogilby, Post-Roads, and the “Unmapped Savanna of Dumb Shades”: Maps and Mapping in Kenneth Slessor’s Poetic Sequence The Atlas, Part Two
Authors: Haft Adele 
Published: June 2014

Written by the acclaimed Australian poet Kenneth Slessor, “Post-roads” is the second poem of his sequence The Atlas and of his collection Cuckooz Contrey (1932), in which it debuted. Like the other four Atlas poems, “Post-roads” begins with a quote from a prominent seventeenth-century map-maker; in this case, John Ogilby (1600–1676)—the celebrated British publisher, surveyor, and cartographer. Slessor not only transformed Ogilby’s work (and portrait) into poetic images, but made Ogilby’s “tireless ghost” the central character of his poem. This article, part of the first full-scale examination of Slessor’s ambitious but poorly understood sequence, begins by reproducing the poem and tracing the poem’s development in Slessor’s poetry notebook. To reconstruct his creative process, it details the poet’s debt to the ephemeral catalogue of atlases and maps in which he discovered his title, epigraph, central character, and a possible source for the colorfully named coaches and carriages that conveyed passengers not only throughout London and Britain beginning in the early seventeenth century, but also throughout Australia from around 1800 to 1920. After comparing poet and cartographer, we consider the poem’s relationship to two of Ogilby’s atlases: the monumental Britannia (1675) and the posthumous, if far more accessible Traveller’s Guide (1699, 1712). Both reveal how Ogilby—even from the grave—helped passengers like the poem’s “yawning Fares” trace their routes. Finally, after offering reasons for Slessor’s choice of “Guildford” out of all the place-names along the roads through England and Wales, and proposing literary inspirations for “Post-roads,” the paper returns to Slessor’s hero/artist.
Targeted Maximum Likelihood Estimation for Dynamic and Static Longitudinal Marginal Structural Working Models
Authors: Petersen Maya , Schwab Joshua , Gruber Susan , Blaser Nello , Schomaker Michael , van der Laan Mark 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis paper describes a targeted maximum likelihood estimator (TMLE) for the parameters of longitudinal static and dynamic marginal structural models. We consider a longitudinal data structure consisting of baseline covariates, time-dependent intervention nodes, intermediate time-dependent covariates, and a possibly time-dependent outcome. The intervention nodes at each time point can include a binary treatment as well as a right-censoring indicator. Given a class of dynamic or static interventions, a marginal structural model is used to model the mean of the intervention-specific counterfactual outcome as a function of the intervention, time point, and possibly a subset of baseline covariates. Because the true shape of this function is rarely known, the marginal structural model is used as a working model. The causal quantity of interest is defined as the projection of the true function onto this working model. Iterated conditional expectation double robust estimators for marginal structural model parameters were previously proposed by Robins (2000, 2002) and Bang and Robins (2005). Here we build on this work and present a pooled TMLE for the parameters of marginal structural working models. We compare this pooled estimator to a stratified TMLE (Schnitzer et al. 2014) that is based on estimating the intervention-specific mean separately for each intervention of interest. The performance of the pooled TMLE is compared to the performance of the stratified TMLE and the performance of inverse probability weighted (IPW) estimators using simulations. Concepts are illustrated using an example in which the aim is to estimate the causal effect of delayed switch following immunological failure of first line antiretroviral therapy among HIV-infected patients. Data from the International Epidemiological Databases to Evaluate AIDS, Southern Africa are analyzed to investigate this question using both TML and IPW estimators. Our results demonstrate practical advantages of the pooled TMLE over an IPW estimator for working marginal structural models for survival, as well as cases in which the pooled TMLE is superior to its stratified counterpart.
Congenital hyperinsulinism in a newborn with a novel homozygous mutation (p.Q392H) in the ABCC8 gene
Authors: Ince Deniz Anuk , Sahin Nursel Muratoglu , Ecevit Ayse , Kurt Abdullah , Kinik Sibel Tulgar , Flanagan Sarah E. , Hussain Khalid , Tarcan Aylin 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Congenital hyperinsulinism is the most frequent cause of persistent hypoglycemia in infancy. We present the case of a preterm, large-for-gestation-age infant with congenital hyperinsulinism who was found to have a novel p.Q392H homozygous mutation in the ABCC8 gene. The patient had severe brain damage, despite early diagnosis and appropriate management. The new mutations may provide an understanding of the prognosis and treatment of the disease. In addition, the data will help the family make informed decisions about future pregnancies.
The Holistic and Policy-Focused Interpretation of Hypothetical Insurance
Authors: Bamford Douglas 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis paper argues that the best interpretation of Ronald Dworkin’s hypothetical insurance scheme is a holistic one that allows the parties to make choices between the policies that are available. This interpretation contrasts with the hypothecated and insurance-focused aspects that are traditionally understood as part of the procedure. The paper argues that the holistic interpretation better fits with the ideal of resource egalitarianism that people should have as much choice as possible from an equal starting point. It does so by allowing people a choice over the policies that will be used to achieve their insurance preferences.
A review of optical coherence tomography in breast cancer
Authors: Scolaro Loretta , McLaughlin Robert A. , Kennedy Brendan F. , Saunders Christobel M. , Sampson David D. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractOptical coherence tomography (OCT) is a medical imaging modality that opens up new opportunities for imaging in breast cancer. It provides two- and three-dimensional micro-scale images of tissue structure from bulk tissue,
The INA complex facilitates assembly of the peripheral stalk of the mitochondrial F1Fo‐ATP synthase
Authors: Lytovchenko Oleksandr , Naumenko Nataliia , Oeljeklaus Silke , Schmidt Bernhard , von der Malsburg Karina , Deckers Markus , Warscheid Bettina , van der Laan Martin , Rehling Peter 
Published: June 2014

AbstractMitochondrial F1Fo‐ATP synthase generates the bulk of cellular ATP. This molecular machine assembles from nuclear‐ and mitochondria‐encoded subunits. Whereas chaperones for formation of the matrix‐exposed hexameric F1‐ATPase core domain have been identified, insight into how the nuclear‐encoded F1‐domain assembles with the membrane‐embedded Fo‐region is lacking. Here we identified the INA complex (INAC) in the inner membrane of mitochondria as an assembly factor involved in this process. Ina22 and Ina17 are INAC constituents that physically associate with the F1‐module and peripheral stalk, but not with the assembled F1Fo‐ATP synthase. Our analyses show that loss of Ina22 and Ina17 specifically impairs formation of the peripheral stalk that connects the catalytic F1‐module to the membrane embedded Fo‐domain. We conclude that INAC represents a matrix‐exposed inner membrane protein complex that facilitates peripheral stalk assembly and thus promotes a key step in the biogenesis of mitochondrial F1Fo‐ATP synthase.
Stalking the mitochondrial ATP synthase: Ina found guilty by association
Authors: Stroud David A , Ryan Michael T 
Published: June 2014

In this issue, the groups of Peter Rehling and Martin van der Laan report the identification of a new protein complex that is involved in the assembly of the peripheral stalk of the yeast mitochondrial F1Fo‐ATPase (Lytovchenko et al, 2014). Their work sheds new light onto the biogenesis of this fascinating and important machine.
CMOS Circuits on Silicon Carbide for High Temperature Operation
Authors: Clark David T. , Thompson Robin F. , Murphy Aled E. , Smith David A. , Ramsay Ewan P. , Young Robert A. R. , Ryan Craig T. , Wright Sean , Horsfall Alton B. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTWe present the characteristics of a high temperature CMOS integrated circuit process based on 4H silicon carbide designed to operate at temperatures beyond 300°C. N-channel and P-channel transistor characteristics at room and elevated temperatures are presented. Both channel types show the expected low values of field effect mobility well known in SiC MOSFETS. However the performance achieved is easily capable of exploitation in CMOS digital logic circuits and certain analogue circuits, over a wide temperature range.Data is also presented for the performance of digital logic demonstrator circuits, in particular a 4 to 1 analogue multiplexer and a configurable timer operating over a wide temperature range. Devices are packaged in high temperature ceramic dual in line (DIL) packages, which are capable of greater than 300°C operation. A high temperature “micro-oven” system has been designed and built to enable testing and stressing of units assembled in these package types. This system heats a group of devices together to temperatures of up to 300°C while keeping the electrical connections at much lower temperatures. In addition, long term reliability data for some structures such as contact chains to n-type and p-type SiC and simple logic circuits is summarized.
Photosensitive Capacitance Effect In High-purity Semi-insulating 4H-SiC
Authors: Register Joseph , Saddow Stephen E. , Boulais Kevin 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWe demonstrate a novel optically tunable photosensitive capacitor (PSC) made from high-purity semi-insulating 4H-SiC. Photosensitive capacitors can provide continuously variable reactive tuning in RF circuitry or enable capacitive-optical sensing applications. Unlike varactors, PSCs often do not require a DC bias voltage to operate. To demonstrate the effect, we fabricated several 1cm x 1cm square photocapacitor devices from bulk material using metal-evaporated Ti/Au contacts using a simple planar parallel-gap geometry. IV curves were taken of the devices using an HP-4145B semiconductor parameter analyzer to verify Schottky behavior as a function of DC bias. The samples were then illuminated with pulsed below-bandgap 470 nm and 590 nm high intensity LED light sources. The resulting data demonstrated an increase in capacitance, Cs, and a drop in resistance, Rs, with increasing optical intensity incident on the device. The observed shifts in both Cs and Rs were repeatable. At a measurement frequency of 33 kHz. Cs increased from its nominal value of 186.7 pF to 575.6 pF while Rs dropped from 150.0 kΩ to 22.4 kΩ. This demonstrates the existence of the photocapacitance effect in high-purity semi-insulating 4H-SiC and thus warrants further investigation. The underlying phenomenon of the effect is suspected to be light interaction with the dominant deep level traps through the Shockley–Read–Hall (SRH) recombination mechanism.
Maternal Obesity and the First Birth: A Case for Targeted Contemporary Maternity Care
Authors: Slavin Valerie J. , Fenwick Jennifer , Gamble Jenny 
Published: June 2014

BACKGROUND: Obesity in childbearing women is associated with poorer pregnancy and birth outcomes, particularly caesarean section, compared with normal-weight women. The high caesarean section rate may reflect care and outcomes which occur at the time surrounding the first birth.AIM: To describe the birth outcomes of extremely obese pregnant women (body mass index [BMI] of 40 or more) experiencing their first birth.METHODS: Clinical audit was used to systematically review the care and birth outcomes of all extremely obese pregnant women experiencing their birth at one study site during a 2-year period in 2009 and 2010. Fifty participants birthed during the study period. Data were collected from booking to discharge from the maternity service and included variables such as model of care, number of appointments, and obstetric and neonatal outcomes. Descriptive statistics were used to describe and synthesize the data. Inferential statistics were used to draw inferences about the population.RESULTS: Obese women rarely had contact with a midwife, except at booking, receiving a standard model of care provided by numerous caregivers, most often inexperienced medical staff. More than half of the obese women experienced a caesarean section (56%), 2.3 times that of normal-weight primiparous women who birthed at the study site during the same period (24.2%). This was despite 64% experiencing normal pregnancy free from any complication. For women who planned to labor, birth intervention including induction of labor, augmentation for slow labor, epidural, and continuous cardiotocography was high. Caesarean occurred most often for “failure to progress” and “failed induction.”CONCLUSION: Clinical audit was useful in determining information, which suggests current maternity care provision is not meeting the needs of extremely obese women experiencing their first birth.IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: The development of effective, targeted antenatal care designed to meet the needs of extremely obese women is recommended as are strategies to keep birth normal.
Histological Profile of the Longissimus Dorsi Muscle in Polish Large White and Polish Landrace Pigs and its Effect on Loin Parameters and Intramuscular Fat Content*
Authors: Bereta Anna , Tyra Mirosław , Ropka-Molik Katarzyna , Wojtysiak Dorota , Różycki Marian , Eckert Robert 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The objective of this study was to analyse differences in individual fibre types in the histological profile of the longissimus dorsi muscle and their effect on pork carcass lean content and level of intramuscular fat (IMF) content, which determines palatability of meat and meat products. Analysis showed that the amount of type IIB fibres had a statistically significant (P<0.05) effect on the IMF content of the longissimus dorsi muscle. Animals with more than 70% of type IIB fibres in this muscle were also characterized by larger loin eye area (P<0.01) and loin eye height (P<0.05). Analogous relationships were noted when the analysed group of animals was divided according to the diameter of type IIA fibres. IMF was negatively correlated to the percentage of type IIB fibres (rP= -0.162). Relationships with the other two fibre types were positive (IIA - rP= 0.097; I - rP= 0.187). It was found that increased percentage of type IIB fibres resulted in a slightly greater loin weight (rP= 0.176), higher loin eye height (rP= 0.136), larger loin eye area (rP= 0.265) and higher carcass lean content (rP= 0.204). Likewise, the increase in the number of type IIA and type I fibres decreased these parameters.