bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A longitudinal study of supportive care needs among Chinese patients awaiting colorectal cancer surgery
Authors: Lam Wendy W. T. , Law Wai‐Lun , Poon Jensen T. C. , Fong Daniel , Girgis Afaf , Fielding Richard 
Published: September 2015

AbstractObjectiveOur aim is to determine supportive care needs trajectories over the first year following colorectal cancer (CRC) surgery and identify factors differentiating these trajectories in a sample of Hong Kong Chinese CRC patients.MethodsOverall, 247/274 Chinese patients diagnosed with CRC were recruited and assessed following admission for colorectal surgery, then at 1, 4, 8, and 12 months post‐surgery. Supportive care needs were assessed at each assessment point. Latent growth mixture modeling identified trajectories within each of five assessed needs domains: health system and information (HSI), psychological (PSY), physical daily living (PDL), patient care and support (PCS), and sexuality (SEX) needs.ResultsResults indicated four needs trajectories each for HSI, PSY, and PDL domains, three for the PCS and two for the SEX domains. Most patients showed stable low levels of unmet PSY (86%), PDL (86%), PCS (81%), and SEX (98%) supportive care needs. One in seven patients showed persistent high, unmet HSI needs. The coexistence of two or more unmet need domains were found among patients in the high‐decline needs group. HSI trajectories were predicted by education level and positive cancer‐related rumination, PSY and PCS needs; PSY trajectories were predicted by stoma and HSI needs; PDL trajectories were predicted by physical symptom distress, stoma, PCS, and HSI needs; PCS trajectories were predicted by negative cancer‐related rumination, depression, HSI, and PSY needs.ConclusionsThese Chinese CRC patients showed generally low stable supportive care needs, but a minority demonstrated high persistent unmet needs. Supportive care services should target those at risk of prolonged high unmet needs. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anchorage of composite dowels in UHPC under fatigue loading
Authors: Classen Martin , Gallwoszus Joerg , Stark Alexander 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn steel‐concrete composite structures, innovative composite dowels can be used for the connection of ultra‐high‐performance concrete (UHPC) slabs and high‐strength steel members. In addition to sufficient shear capacity, composite dowels have to ensure the transmission of tensile forces in the composite connection in order to prevent lifting of the concrete slab. This may lead to structural problems, particularly in the very slender concrete slabs of high‐strength composite beams, where composite dowels have very small embedment depths. Although findings concerning the structural anchorage behaviour of composite dowels under static loads are already available, studies on the fatigue of composite dowels under cyclic pull‐out loading are still lacking. As fatigue behaviour is crucial for applications in bridge construction, the present paper introduces cyclic pull‐out tests on composite dowels in UHPC slabs in which the influence of different load‐dependent parameters (upper load level and load range) as well as the use of transverse reinforcement has been investigated. Furthermore, an approach to assess the lifetime of composite dowels in UHPC under cyclic pull‐out loading is proposed.
Syntheses and Characterization of 1,4‐Phenylenebisphosphonates, A[HO3PC6H4PO3H2] (A = Li, K, Rb, Cs, Tl, Ag and NH4) and Crystal Structure of 1,4‐Phenylenebisphosphonic Acid
Authors: Srinu Moriboina , Padalwar Nitin Balkrushna , Vidyasagar Kanamaluru 
Published: September 2015

AbstractSeven 1,4‐phenylenebisphosphonates of monovalent ions, A(HO3PC6H4PO3H2) (A = Li, K, Rb, Cs, Tl, Ag and NH4), were synthesized and characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, spectroscopic and thermal methods. These compounds and the reported sodium analogue have four structure types. The sodium compound, one‐dimensional lithium compound and pillared‐layered cesium compounds have different structure types, whereas the potassium, rubidium, thallium, ammonium and silver compounds have a pillared ladder‐like structure. They undergo initial thermal decomposition in the range of 120–270 °C. Moreover, the single crystal X‐ray structure of 1,4‐phenylenebisphosphonic acid was determined.
Molecular Mechanisms of B Cell Antigen Gathering and Endocytosis
Authors: Hoogeboom Robbert , Tolar Pavel 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Generation of high-affinity, protective antibodies requires B cell receptor (BCR) signaling, as well as antigen internalization and presentation to helper T cells. B cell antigen internalization is initiated by antigen capture, either from solution or from immune synapses formed on the surface of antigen-presenting cells, and proceeds via clathrin-dependent endocytosis and intracellular routing to late endosomes. Although the components of this pathway are still being discovered, it has become clear that antigen internalization is actively regulated by BCR signaling at multiple steps and, vice versa, that localization of the BCR along the endocytic pathway modulates signaling. Accordingly, defects in BCR internalization or trafficking contribute to enhanced B cell activation in models of autoimmune diseases and in B cell lymphomas. In this review, we discuss how BCR signaling complexes regulate each of the steps of this endocytic process and why defects along this pathway manifest as hyperactive B cell responses in vivo.
Spatial Inequality in Wealth: A Bayesian Analysis of the Northeastern US in 1860 - Does Space Matter
Authors: Kasakoff Alice Bee , Lawson Andrew B. , Dasgupta Purbasha , Feetham Stephen , DuBois Michael J. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIndividual inequality is growing in America today and the subject is of great interest. But spatial inequality —“how and why spatial context contributes to inequality” (Labao et. al. 2007:3) -has just begun to be studied. If certain geographical areas are inherently richer due to accessibility, population size, or soils, for example, how much individual equality can a society hope to achieve? Furthermore, inequality due to spatial differences seems to endure over time (Labao and Hooks 2007:48; Peters 2012) and may be quite difficult to alter. This paper describes spatial inequality in wealth at the county level in the middle of the nineteenth century in the Northeastern US at a time when the US economy was growing rapidly and individual inequality was increasing. It applies Bayesian hierarchical spatial modeling in an attempt to understand the underlying causes of the differences in wealth between counties. The underlying spatial structure of inequality was rather different at this time: indeed, the urban agglomerations and industrial economy we know today were just coming into being. A unique feature of our work is the inclusion of a measure of soil quality that has not been used so far in either historical or contemporary investigations.
A Study of County Child Poverty Rates in Puerto Rico: Does Space Matter?
Authors: Colón-Lugo Heidy , Sparks Corey S. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractPrevious literature on childhood poverty in Puerto Rico is sparse. This is surprising since Puerto Rico exhibits very high poverty rates as compared to the rest of the United States. In this paper, we apply a structural perspective and consider how economic characteristics, household structure and migration patterns influence child poverty rates in Puerto Rico. Data for this paper come from the 2006–2010 Puerto Rico Community Survey (PRCS) summary files. We apply methods of exploratory spatial data analysis and spatial regression models to understand how municipio (county equivalents) level child poverty rates are influenced by these factors. A spatial modeling methodology was deemed appropriate since significant spatial structure is found for the child poverty rate and residuals from the Ordinary Least Squares model. Household composition, as measured by the percent of female headed households and the percent of grandparents caring for their own grandchildren consistently showed positive associations with child poverty. In terms of the economic sector variables, the proportion of the workforce in agriculture and proportion without a high school education showed significant positive effects on child poverty. With respect to migration, we find little to no impact, but we do find that child poverty is concentrated outside of the region adjacent to the capital of San Juan.
Time to Chemotherapy After Abdominoperineal Resection: Comparison Between Primary Closure and Perineal Flap Reconstruction
Authors: Althumairi Azah A. , Canner Joseph K. , Ahuja Nita , Sacks Justin M. , Safar Bashar , Efron Jonathan E. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackgroundWound complications are frequent flowing abdominoperineal resection (APR); this can lengthen the time to chemotherapy. Flap reconstruction is being used in an attempt to improve wound healing.ObjectivesTo assess the effect of flap reconstruction after APR on time to perineal wound healing and administration of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with rectal adenocarcinoma.MethodsA retrospective review of patients who underwent APR for rectal adenocarcinoma between 2002 and 2012 was performed. Patients were divided into two groups based on type of perineal wound closure (primary vs. flap). Patients were compared for time to perineal wound healing, and time to adjuvant chemotherapy.Results115 patients were identified; of whom 67 received adjuvant chemotherapy. 56 (84 %) patients underwent primary closure while 11 (16 %) underwent flap reconstruction. There was no difference in time to perineal wound healing (6.8 vs. 6.3 weeks, p = 0.40) and time to receive adjuvant chemotherapy (9.3 vs. 10.7 weeks, p = 0.79) between the primary closure and flap reconstruction groups, respectively. 25 (45 %) of the primary closure group had a delay in receiving adjuvant chemotherapy versus 6 (55 %) of the flap reconstruction group (p = 0.55). Delay in receiving adjuvant chemotherapy because of perineal wound complications occurred in 18 (32 %) patients with primary closure versus 3 (28 %) patients with flap reconstruction (p = 0.14).ConclusionsFlap reconstruction does not reduce the length of time to initiating chemotherapy; there was no difference in length of healing between the two groups. Therefore, flap reconstruction should be selectively used based on the size of the perineal defect.
A Rare Aggressive Fetal Intracranial Tumor
Authors: Kapoor Ravi , Bansal Ashutosh , Aggarwal Aakriti Kapoor , Aggarwal Abhinav , Chaddha Vandana , Kapoor Sunita 
Published: September 2015

AbstractCongenital brain tumors, especially tumors diagnosed before birth, are very rare. This article describes a case of primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) diagnosed by ultrasonography at 24 weeks of gestation. Follow-up ultrasound study and MRI at 27 weeks of gestation revealed aggressive growth and complications of tumor. The diagnosis was confirmed at autopsy. Prenatal diagnosis of PNET or other congenital brain tumors is important because the presence of tumors may alter the time and mode of delivery and planning of postnatal care.
Alzheimer's genetic risk intensifies neurocognitive slowing associated with diabetes in nondemented older adults
Authors: McFall G. Peggy , Wiebe Sandra A. , Vergote David , Anstey Kaarin J. , Dixon Roger A. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIntroductionWe examine interactive and intensification effects of type 2 diabetes (T2D) with APOE and an Alzheimer's disease genetic risk score (GRS) on neurocognitive speed performance and change in nondemented older adults.MethodsIn an accelerated longitudinal design, we used latent growth modeling to test moderators of level and change in a neurocognitive speed latent variable for 628 adults (baseline median age = 69.0) followed over 9 years. The GRS was compiled using the cumulative risk of APOE, CLU, CR1, and PICALM.ResultsFirst, T2D predicted slower speed performance at centering age (75). Second, no predictive effects were associated with APOE or GRS. Third, a significant interaction showed that high risk from both T2D and GRS was selectively associated with steeper longitudinal slowing than all comparison cross‐domain risk groups.DiscussionHigher AD‐related genetic risk intensified deleterious effects of diabetes on neurocognitive slowing in nondemented aging beyond the independent influence of APOE.
Rwanda and Ethiopia: Developmental Authoritarianism and the New Politics of African Strong Men
Authors: Matfess Hilary 
Published: September 2015

Abstract:Current classification systems create typologies of authoritarian regimes that may overlook the importance of national policies. Rwanda and Ethiopia in particular are perplexing case studies of post-1990s governance. Both nations are characterized by high growth economies with significant state involvement and the formal institutions of democracy, but deeply troubling patterns of domestic governance. This article proposes a new category of authoritarianism called “developmental authoritarianism,” which refers to nominally democratic governments that provide significant public works and services while exerting control over nearly every facet of society. The article then reflects upon the durability and implications of this form of governance.
An Analysis of the Role of Teachers’ Aides in a State Secondary School: Perceptions of Teaching Staff and Teachers’ Aides
Authors: Gibson Dianne , Paatsch Louise , Toe Dianne 
Published: September 2015

In Victoria, Australia, one of the major roles of the teachers’ aide (TA) is to assist students with disabilities to access their education. Researchers have identified the inconsistencies in defining the roles of the TA, in a variety of settings, by TAs, teachers, parents, and other research participants. Four main themes that have been frequently reported in educational research related to the role of TAs formed the basis for this study: (a) inclusion in the school community, (b) curriculum, (c) classroom management, and (d) student support.Drawing on the results of a questionnaire administered to teachers and TAs at a government nonselective secondary school in Victoria, Australia, data were collected to explore the differing perspectives on the role of the TAs by the teaching staff and the TAs. In all, 65 individuals participated in this study. The participants formed 3 groups: TAs (n= 10), teachers (n= 49), and T/TAs (n= 6; participants in this group had worked as both a teacher and TA). The results of the study showed a diversity of views across the 4 themes. In 3 of the 4 themes that included inclusion, classroom management, and student support, the 3 groups agreed on the role of the TA. In the remaining theme, curriculum, opinions varied significantly. The results of the study reveal that a concerted effort to clarify the role of TAs would be beneficial to all stakeholders.
Climate Change in a Multinomial World
Authors: Morgan Robert F. 
Published: September 2015

“This is a new day, fresh and untouched. What will we do with it?” -Morning welcome, Native American Church.These days my own mornings do not begin untouched. They come with finger prints.On our planet's north and south hemispheres outside what we think of as the tropical zone, half the year is growing warmer in an accelerating manner. The other half of the year is marked with extreme changes: sometimes even colder with heavier snowfall. Climate change has put more moisture in the air, leading to a redistribution of water on a global scale. Millennial floods in some places, severe drought in others. Insect species should thrive under these new conditions while other species, note the current devastation in our oceans, may find the new conditions more than they can survive.
Dietary flavonoid intakes and CVD incidence in the Framingham Offspring Cohort
Authors: Jacques Paul F. , Cassidy Aedin , Rogers Gail , Peterson Julia J. , Dwyer Johanna T. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis study examines the relationship between long-term intake of six flavonoid classes and incidence of CVD and CHD, using a comprehensive flavonoid database and repeated measures of intake, while accounting for possible confounding by components of a healthy dietary pattern. Flavonoid intakes were assessed using a FFQ among the Framingham Offspring Cohort at baseline and three times during follow-up. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to characterise prospective associations between the natural logarithms of flavonoid intakes and CVD incidence using a time-dependent approach, in which intake data were updated at each examination to represent average intakes from previous examinations. Mean baseline age was 54 years, and 45 % of the population was male. Over an average 14·9 years of follow-up among 2880 participants, there were 518 CVD events and 261 CHD events. After multivariable adjustment, only flavonol intake was significantly associated with lower risk of CVD incidence (hazard ratios (HR) per 2·5-fold flavonol increase=0·86,Ptrend=0·05). Additional adjustment for total fruit and vegetable intake and overall diet quality attenuated this observation (HR=0·89,Ptrend=0·20 and HR=0·92,Ptrend=0·33, respectively). There were no significant associations between flavonoids and CHD incidence after multivariable adjustment. Our findings suggest that the observed association between flavonol intake and CVD risk may be a consequence of better overall diet. However, the strength of this non-significant association was also consistent with relative risks observed in previous meta-analyses, and therefore a modest benefit of flavonol intake on CVD risk cannot be ruled out.
Suppression of runaway electron generation by massive helium injection after induced disruptions on TEXTOR
Authors: Lvovskiy A. , Koslowski H. R. , Zeng L. ,   The TEXTOR Team
Published: September 2015

Disruptions with runaway electron generation have been deliberately induced by injection of argon using a disruption mitigation valve. A second disruption mitigation valve has been utilised to inject varying amounts of helium after a short time delay. No generation of runaway electrons has been observed when more than a critical amount of helium has been injected no later than 5 ms after the triggering of the first valve. The required amount of helium for suppression of runaway electron generation is up to one order of magnitude lower than the critical density according to Connor & Hastie (1975) and Rosenbluth & Putvinski (1997).
The challenges of forecasting resilience
Authors: Chang Luke J. , Reddan Marianne , Ashar Yoni K. , Eisenbarth Hedwig , Wager Tor D. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractDeveloping prospective models of resilience using the translational and transdiagnostic framework proposed in the target article is a challenging endeavor and will require large-scale data sets with dense intraindividual temporal sampling and innovative analytic methods.
Phenotypic programming as a distal cause of resilience
Authors: Nederhof Esther 
Published: September 2015

AbstractDuring early childhood, individuals with high sensitivity to early programming adjust their phenotype in a way that is expected to be adaptive in their later environment. These adaptations are hypothesized to result in resilience in environments that match the early environment. As appraisal style is a putative target of adaptive programming, early experiences could be a distal cause of resilience.
Optimal gait planning for humanoids with 3D structure walking on slippery surfaces
Authors: Khadiv Majid , Moosavian S. Ali A. , Yousefi-Koma Aghil , Sadedel Majid , Mansouri Saeed 
Published: September 2015

SUMMARYIn this study, a gait optimization routine is developed to generate walking patterns which demand the lowest friction forces for implementation. The aim of this research is to fully address the question “which walking pattern demands the lowest coefficient of friction amongst all feasible patterns?”. To this end, first, the kinematic structure of the considered 31 DOF (Degrees of Freedom) humanoid robot is investigated and a closed-form dynamics model for its lower-body is developed. Then, the medium through which the walking pattern generation is conducted is presented. In this medium, after designing trajectories for the feet and the pelvis, the joint space variables are obtained, using the inverse kinematics. Finally, by employing a genetic algorithm (GA), an optimization process is conducted to generate walking patterns with the minimum Required Coefficient Of Friction (RCOF). Six parameters are adopted to parameterize the pelvis trajectory and are exploited as the design variables in this optimization procedure. Also, a parametrical study is accomplished to address the effects of some other variables on RCOF. For comparison purposes, a tip-over Stability Margin (SM) is defined, and an optimization procedure is conducted to maximize this margin. Finally, the proposed gait planning procedure is implemented on SURENA III, a humanoid robot designed and fabricated in CAST, to validate the developed simulation procedure. The obtained results reveal merits of the proposed optimal gait planning procedure in terms of RCOF.
Accuracy, Efficiency, and Inappropriate Actions Using JumpSTART Triage in MCI Simulations
Authors: Claudius Ilene , Kaji Amy H. , Santillanes Genevieve , Cicero Mark X. , Donofrio J. Joelle , Gausche-Hill Marianne , Srinivasan Saranya , Chang Todd P. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIntroductionUsing the pediatric version of the Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment (JumpSTART) algorithm for the triage of pediatric patients in a mass-casualty incident (MCI) requires assessing the results of each step and determining whether to move to the next appropriate action. Inappropriate application can lead to performance of unnecessary actions or failure to perform necessary actions.Hypothesis/ProblemTo report overall accuracy and time required for triage, and to assess if the performance of unnecessary steps, or failure to perform required steps, in the triage algorithm was associated with inaccuracy of triage designation or increased time to reach a triage decision.MethodsMedical students participated in an MCI drill in which they triaged both live actors portraying patients and computer-based simulated patients to the four triage levels: minor, delayed, immediate, and expectant. Their performance was timed and compared to intended triage designations and a priori determined critical actions.ResultsThirty-three students completed 363 scenarios. The overall accuracy was 85.7% and overall mean time to assign a triage designation was 70.4 seconds, with decreasing times as triage acuity level decreased. In over one-half of cases, the student omitted at least one action and/or performed at least one action that was not required. Each unnecessary action increased time to triage by a mean of 8.4 seconds and each omitted action increased time to triage by a mean of 5.5 seconds.DiscussionIncreasing triage level, performance of inappropriate actions, and omission of recommended actions were all associated with increasing time to perform triage.ClaudiusI, KajiAH, SantillanesG, CiceroMX, DonofrioJJ, Gausche-HillM, SrinivasanS, ChangTP. Accuracy, efficiency, and inappropriate actions using JumpSTART triage in MCI simulations. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2015;30(5):457–460.