bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GTPBP8 plays a role in mitoribosome formation in human mitochondria
Authors: Cipullo Miriam , Valentín Gesé Genís , Gopalakrishna Shreekara , Krueger Annika , Lobo Vivian , Pirozhkova Maria A. , Marks James , Páleníková Petra , Shiriaev Dmitrii , Liu Yong , Misic Jelena , Cai Yu , Nguyen Minh Duc , Abdelbagi Abubakar , Li Xinping , Minczuk Michal , Hafner Markus , Benhalevy Daniel , Sarshad Aishe A. , Atanassov Ilian , Hällberg B. Martin , Rorbach Joanna 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMitochondrial gene expression relies on mitoribosomes to translate mitochondrial mRNAs. The biogenesis of mitoribosomes is an intricate process involving multiple assembly factors. Among these factors, GTP-binding proteins (GTPBPs) play important roles. In bacterial systems, numerous GTPBPs are required for ribosome subunit maturation, with EngB being a GTPBP involved in the ribosomal large subunit assembly. In this study, we focus on exploring the function of GTPBP8, the human homolog of EngB. We find that ablation of GTPBP8 leads to the inhibition of mitochondrial translation, resulting in significant impairment of oxidative phosphorylation. Structural analysis of mitoribosomes from GTPBP8 knock-out cells shows the accumulation of mitoribosomal large subunit assembly intermediates that are incapable of forming functional monosomes. Furthermore, fPAR-CLIP analysis reveals that GTPBP8 is an RNA-binding protein that interacts specifically with the mitochondrial ribosome large subunit 16 S rRNA. Our study highlights the role of GTPBP8 as a component of the mitochondrial gene expression machinery involved in mitochondrial large subunit maturation.
Recycling polyolefin plastic waste at short contact times via rapid joule heating
Authors: Selvam Esun , Yu Kewei , Ngu Jacqueline , Najmi Sean , Vlachos Dionisios G. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe chemical deconstruction of polyolefins to fuels, lubricants, and waxes offers a promising strategy for mitigating their accumulation in landfills and the environment. Yet, achieving true recyclability of polyolefins into C2-C4 monomers with high yields, low energy demand, and low carbon dioxide emissions under realistic polymer-to-catalyst ratios remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate a single-step electrified approach utilizing Rapid Joule Heating over an H-ZSM-5 catalyst to efficiently deconstruct polyolefin plastic waste into light olefins (C2-C4) in milliseconds, with high productivity at much higher polymer-to-catalyst ratio than prior work. The catalyst is essential in producing a narrow distribution of light olefins. Pulsed operation and steam co-feeding enable highly selective deconstruction (product fraction of >90% towards C2-C4 hydrocarbons) with minimal catalyst deactivation compared to Continuous Joule Heating. This laboratory-scale approach demonstrates effective deconstruction of real-life waste materials, resilience to additives and impurities, and versatility for circular polyolefin plastic waste management.
Effectiveness and safety of continuous low-molecular-weight heparin versus switching to direct oral anticoagulants in cancer-associated venous thrombosis
Authors: Kang Wei , Huang Caige , Yan Vincent K. C. , Wei Yue , Shami Jessica J. P. , Li Silvia T. H. , Yang Yu , Ye Xuxiao , Tang Junhan , Lee Shing Fung , Lee Victor H. F. , Chan Stephen L. , El Helali Aya , Lam Ka On , Ngan Roger K. C. , Wong Ian C. K. , Chan Esther W. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGiven the existing uncertainty regarding the effectiveness and safety of switching from low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) to direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in patients with cancer-associated venous thrombosis (CAT), we conducted a comprehensive population-based cohort study utilizing electronic health database in Hong Kong. A total of 4356 patients with CAT between 2010 and 2022 were included, with 1700 (39.0%) patients switching to DOAC treatment. Compared to continuous LMWH treatment, switching to DOACs was associated with a significantly lower risk of hospitalization due to venous thromboembolism (HR: 0.49 [95% CI = 0.35–0.68]) and all-cause mortality (HR: 0.67 [95% CI = 0.61–0.74]), with no significant difference in major bleeding (HR: 1.04 [95% CI = 0.83–1.31]) within six months. These findings provide reassurance regarding the effectiveness and safety of switching from LMWH to DOACs among patients with CAT, including vulnerable patient groups.
A comprehensive review of computational cell cycle models in guiding cancer treatment strategies
Authors: Ma Chenhui , Gurkan-Cavusoglu Evren 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis article reviews the current knowledge and recent advancements in computational modeling of the cell cycle. It offers a comparative analysis of various modeling paradigms, highlighting their unique strengths, limitations, and applications. Specifically, the article compares deterministic and stochastic models, single-cell versus population models, and mechanistic versus abstract models. This detailed analysis helps determine the most suitable modeling framework for various research needs. Additionally, the discussion extends to the utilization of these computational models to illuminate cell cycle dynamics, with a particular focus on cell cycle viability, crosstalk with signaling pathways, tumor microenvironment, DNA replication, and repair mechanisms, underscoring their critical roles in tumor progression and the optimization of cancer therapies. By applying these models to crucial aspects of cancer therapy planning for better outcomes, including drug efficacy quantification, drug discovery, drug resistance analysis, and dose optimization, the review highlights the significant potential of computational insights in enhancing the precision and effectiveness of cancer treatments. This emphasis on the intricate relationship between computational modeling and therapeutic strategy development underscores the pivotal role of advanced modeling techniques in navigating the complexities of cell cycle dynamics and their implications for cancer therapy.
An activity-specificity trade-off encoded in human transcription factors
Authors: Naderi Julian , Magalhaes Alexandre P. , Kibar Gözde , Stik Gregoire , Zhang Yaotian , Mackowiak Sebastian D. , Wieler Hannah M. , Rossi Francesca , Buschow Rene , Christou-Kent Marie , Alcoverro-Bertran Marc , Graf Thomas , Vingron Martin , Hnisz Denes 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTranscription factors (TFs) control specificity and activity of gene transcription, but whether a relationship between these two features exists is unclear. Here we provide evidence for an evolutionary trade-off between the activity and specificity in human TFs encoded as submaximal dispersion of aromatic residues in their intrinsically disordered protein regions. We identified approximately 500 human TFs that encode short periodic blocks of aromatic residues in their intrinsically disordered regions, resembling imperfect prion-like sequences. Mutation of periodic aromatic residues reduced transcriptional activity, whereas increasing the aromatic dispersion of multiple human TFs enhanced transcriptional activity and reprogramming efficiency, promoted liquid–liquid phase separation in vitro and more promiscuous DNA binding in cells. Together with recent work on enhancer elements, these results suggest an important evolutionary role of suboptimal features in transcriptional control. We propose that rational engineering of amino acid features that alter phase separation may be a strategy to optimize TF-dependent processes, including cellular reprogramming.
Proteome-scale tagging and functional screening in mammalian cells by ORFtag
Authors: Nemčko Filip , Himmelsbach Moritz , Loubiere Vincent , Yelagandula Ramesh , Pagani Michaela , Fasching Nina , Brennecke Julius , Elling Ulrich , Stark Alexander , Ameres Stefan L. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe systematic determination of protein function is a key goal of modern biology, but remains challenging with current approaches. Here we present ORFtag, a versatile, cost-effective and highly efficient method for the massively parallel tagging and functional interrogation of proteins at the proteome scale. ORFtag uses retroviral vectors bearing a promoter, peptide tag and splice donor to generate fusions between the tag and endogenous open reading frames (ORFs). We demonstrate the utility of ORFtag through functional screens for transcriptional activators, repressors and posttranscriptional regulators in mouse embryonic stem cells. Each screen recovers known and identifies new regulators, including long ORFs inaccessible by other methods. Among other hits, we find that Zfp574 is a highly selective transcriptional activator and that oncogenic fusions often function as transactivators.
Microsecond time-resolved X-ray scattering by utilizing MHz repetition rate at second-generation XFELs
Authors: Konold Patrick E. , Monrroy Leonardo , Bellisario Alfredo , Filipe Diogo , Adams Patrick , Alvarez Roberto , Bean Richard , Bielecki Johan , Bódizs Szabolcs , Ducrocq Gabriel , Grubmueller Helmut , Kirian Richard A. , Kloos Marco , Koliyadu Jayanath C. P. , Koua Faisal H. M. , Larkiala Taru , Letrun Romain , Lindsten Fredrik , Maihöfer Michael , Martin Andrew V. , Mészáros Petra , Mutisya Jennifer , Nimmrich Amke , Okamoto Kenta , Round Adam , Sato Tokushi , Valerio Joana , Westphal Daniel , Wollter August , Yenupuri Tej Varma , You Tong , Maia Filipe , Westenhoff Sebastian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDetecting microsecond structural perturbations in biomolecules has wide relevance in biology, chemistry and medicine. Here we show how MHz repetition rates at X-ray free-electron lasers can be used to produce microsecond time-series of protein scattering with exceptionally low noise levels of 0.001%. We demonstrate the approach by examining Jɑ helix unfolding of a light-oxygen-voltage photosensory domain. This time-resolved acquisition strategy is easy to implement and widely applicable for direct observation of structural dynamics of many biochemical processes.
Enhanced anticancer activity of silver doped zinc oxide magnetic nanocarrier loaded with sorafenib for hepatocellular carcinoma treatment
Authors: Khafaga Doaa S. R. , Eid M. M. , Mohamed Mona H. , Abdelmaksoud Mohamed D. E. , Afify Mie , El-Khawaga Ahmed M. , Abdelhakim Heba K. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDrug delivery is the process or method of delivering a pharmacological product to have therapeutic effects on humans or animals. The use of nanoparticles to deliver medications to cells is driving the present surge in interest in improving human health. Green nanodrug delivery methods are based on chemical processes that are acceptable for the environment or that use natural biomaterials such as plant extracts and microorganisms. In this study, zinc oxide-superparamagnetic iron oxide-silver nanocomposite was synthesized via green synthesis method using Fusarium oxysporum fungi mycelia then loaded with sorafenib drug. The synthesized nanocomposites were characterized by UV-visibile spectroscopy, FTIR, TEM and SEM techniques. Sorafenib is a cancer treatment and is also known by its brand name, Nexavar. Sorafenib is the only systemic medication available in the world to treat hepatocellular carcinoma. Sorafenib, like many other chemotherapeutics, has side effects that restrict its effectiveness, including toxicity, nausea, mucositis, hypertension, alopecia, and hand-foot skin reaction. In our study, 40 male albino rats were given a single dose of diethyl nitrosamine (DEN) 60 mg/kg b.wt., followed by carbon tetrachloride 2 ml/kg b.wt. twice a week for one month. The aim of our study is using the zinc oxide-superparamagnetic iron oxide-silver nanocomposite that was synthesized by Fusarium oxysporum fungi mycelia as nanocarrier for enhancement the sorafenib anticancer effect.
Image processing based modeling for Rosa roxburghii fruits mass and volume estimation
Authors: Xie Zhiping , Wang Junhao , Yang Yufei , Mao Peixuan , Guo Jialing , Sun Manyu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe mass and volume of Rosa roxburghii fruits are essential for fruit grading and consumer selection. Physical characteristics such as dimension, projected area, mass, and volume are interrelated. Image-based mass and volume estimation facilitates the automation of fruit grading, which can replace time-consuming and laborious manual grading. In this study, image processing techniques were used to extract fruit dimensions and projected areas, and univariate (linear, quadratic, exponential, and power) and multivariate regression models were used to estimate the mass and volume of Rosa roxburghii fruits. The results showed that the quadratic model based on the criterion projected area (CPA) estimated the best mass (R2 = 0.981) with an accuracy of 99.27%, and the equation is M = 0.280 + 0.940CPA + 0.071CPA2. The multivariate regression model based on three projected areas (PA1, PA2, and PA3) estimated the best volume (R2 = 0.898) with an accuracy of 98.24%, and the equation is V = − 8.467 + 0.657PA1 + 1.294PA2 + 0.628PA3. In practical applications, cost savings can be realized by having only one camera position. Therefore, when the required accuracy is low, estimating mass and volume simultaneously from only the dimensional information of the side view or the projected area information of the top view is recommended.
The role of universities in accelerating the sustainable development goals in Europe
Authors: Filho Walter Leal , Sierra Javier , Price Elizabeth , Eustachio João Henrique Paulino Pires , Novikau Aliaksandr , Kirrane Maria , Dinis Maria Alzira Pimenta , Salvia Amanda Lange 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe process of implementation of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) which were approved by the UN General Assembly in 2015 has not been simple, being influenced by variety of social, economic, and logistical problems. It has also been negatively affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. There are to date no specific studies aimed at assessing the extent to which higher universities institutions in Europe are active in the SDGs implementation process. Departing from this research need, this paper reports on a study aimed at examining the current degree of engagement of European universities in the implementing the SDGs. By using a multi-methods approach, which entails a review of existing documents, a survey involving participants from 22 countries and case studies, the paper maps, documents and disseminates examples of what European universities are doing to implement the SDGs, the challenges they face, and the solutions being deployed to overcome them.
Lactiplantibacillus argentoratensis AGMB00912 alleviates salmonellosis and modulates gut microbiota in weaned piglets: a pilot study
Authors: Yoon Ki-Nam , Lee Han Gyu , Yeom Seo-Joon , Kim Sang-Su , Park Jong-Heum , Song Beom-Seok , Yi Seung-Won , Do Yoon Jung , Oh Byungkwan , Oh Sang-Ik , Eun Jong-Bang , Park Seung-Hwan , Lee Ju Huck , Kim Hyeun Bum , Lee Ju-Hoon , Hur Tai-Young , Kim Jae-Kyung 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Lactiplantibacillus argentoratensis AGMB00912 (LA) in reducing Salmonella Typhimurium infection in weaned piglets. The investigation focused on the influence of LA on the gut microbiota composition, growth performance, and Salmonella fecal shedding. The results indicated that LA supplementation significantly improved average daily gain and reduced the prevalence and severity of diarrhea. Fecal analysis revealed reduced Salmonella shedding in the LA-supplemented group. Furthermore, LA notably altered the composition of the gut microbiota, increasing the levels of beneficial Bacillus and decreasing those of harmful Proteobacteria and Spirochaetes. Histopathological examination showed less intestinal damage in LA-treated piglets than in the controls. The study also observed that LA affected metabolic functions related to carbohydrate, amino acid, and fatty acid metabolism, thereby enhancing gut health and resilience against infection. Short-chain fatty acid concentrations in the feces were higher in the LA group, suggesting improved gut microbial activity. LA supplementation enriched the population of beneficial bacteria, including Streptococcus, Clostridium, and Bifidobacterium, while reducing the number of harmful bacteria, such as Escherichia and Campylobacter. These findings indicate the potential of LA as a probiotic alternative for swine nutrition, offering protective effects to the gut microbiota against Salmonella infection.
Anatolian genetic ancestry in North Lebanese populations
Authors: Platt Daniel E. , Henschel Andreas , Taleb Nassim Nicholas , Zalloua Pierre 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Lebanon’s rich history as a cultural crossroad spanning millennia has significantly impacted the genetic composition of its population through successive waves of migration and conquests from surrounding regions. Within modern-day Lebanon, the Koura district stands out with its unique cultural foundations, primarily characterized by a notably high concentration of Greek Orthodox Christians compared to the rest of the country. This study investigates whether the prevalence of Greek Orthodoxy in Koura can be attributed to modern Greek heritage or continuous blending resulting from the ongoing influx of refugees and trade interactions with Greece and Anatolia. We analyzed both ancient and modern DNA data from various populations in the region which could have played a role in shaping the current population of Koura using our own and published data. Our findings indicate that the genetic influence stemming directly from modern Greek immigration into the area appears to be limited. While the historical presence of Greek colonies has left its mark on the region’s past, the distinctive character of Koura seems to have been primarily shaped by cultural and political factors, displaying a stronger genetic connection mostly with Anatolia, with affinity to ancient but not modern Greeks.
BPNN‐based flow classification and admission control for software defined IIoT
Authors: Wang Cheng , Xue Hai , Huan Zhan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFlow admission control (FAC) aims to efficiently manage the service requests while maximizing the network utilization. With multiple connection requests, access delay or even service interruption may occur. This paper proposes a novel FAC approach to reduce the contention between the end nodes and ensure high utilization of the networking resources for software defined IIoT. First, incoming flows are classified into different priorities using back propagation neural network based on selected features representing the current network status. Second, with the designed flow admission policies, bandwidth and buffer size are estimated with stochastic network calculus model. Finally, the thresholds of the proposed FAC scheme are dynamically decided based on the above two parameters. Various flows are admitted or rejected via the proposed FAC to maintain real time processing. Unlike traditional FAC schemes rely on static priority systems, the proposed scheme leverages machine learning technique for dynamic flow prioritization and the stochastic network calculus model for precise estimation. Computer simulation reveals that the proposed scheme accurately classifies the flows, and substantially decreases the transmission delay and improves the network utilization compared to the existing FAC schemes. This highlights the superiority of the proposed scheme meeting the demands of software defined IIoT.
MDTrans: Multi‐scale and dual‐branch feature fusion network based on Swin Transformer for building extraction in remote sensing images
Authors: Diao Kuo , Zhu Jinlong , Liu Guangjie , Li Meng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEffective extraction of building from remote sensing images requires both global and local information. Despite convolutional neural networks (CNNs) excelling at capturing local details, their intrinsic focus on local operations poses challenge in effectively extracting global features, especially in the context of large‐scale buildings. In contrast, transformers excel at capturing global information, but compared to CNNs, they tend to overly rely on large‐scale datasets and pre‐trained parameters. To tackle the challenge, this paper presents the multi‐scale and dual‐branch feature fusion network (MDTrans). Specifically, the CNN and transformer branches are integrated in a dual‐branch parallel manner during both encoding and decoding stages, local information for small‐scale buildings is extracted by utilizing Dense Connection Blocks in the CNN branch, while crucial global information for large‐scale buildings is effectively captured through Swin Transformer Block in the transformer branch. Additionally, Dual Branch Information Fusion Block is designed to fuse local and global features from the two branches. Furthermore, Multi‐Convolutional Block is designed to further enhance the feature extraction capability of buildings with different sizes. Through extensive experiments on the WHU, Massachusetts, and Inria building datasets, MDTrans achieves intersection over union (IoU) scores of 91.36%, 64.69%, and 79.25%, respectively, outperforming other state‐of‐the‐art models.
Gate driver, snubber and circuit design considerations for fast‐switching series‐connected SiC MOSFETs
Authors: Ubostad Tobias Nieckula , Peftitsis Dimosthenis 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSeries connection of Silicon Carbide (SiC) Metal‐Oxide‐Semiconductor Field‐Effect Transistors (MOSFETs) is an interesting solution to design switches for voltages that are not yet commercially available or limited for single‐die devices. However, inherent static and dynamic voltage balancing must be achieved. Voltage imbalance is caused by the device parameters spread, whose impact is pronounced in low‐inductive circuit layouts. This study investigates the optimal design and tuning limits of resistor‐capacitor (RC)‐snubber circuits and non‐adaptive, standard, voltage‐source gate drivers for achieving the best balancing in transient and steady‐state voltage distributions among series‐connected discrete SiC MOSFETs operating at speeds up to . It has been shown that a larger parameter mismatch will lead to uneven switching energy losses and larger voltage imbalances. It was also experimentally shown that increasing the gate resistor to slow down the devices will not always improve balancing when their parameter spread is large. Thus, tuning recommendations for the RC‐snubber circuit and gate driver were developed based on these findings.