bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis and Management of Childhood Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome
Authors: Marcus Carole L. , Brooks Lee Jay , Draper Kari A. , Gozal David , Halbower Ann Carol , Jones Jacqueline , Schechter Michael S. , Sheldon Stephen Howard , Spruyt Karen , Ward Sally Davidson , Lehmann Christopher , Shiffman Richard N. 
Published: August 2012

OBJECTIVES:
This revised clinical practice guideline, intended for use by primary care clinicians, provides recommendations for the diagnosis and management of the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in children and adolescents. This practice guideline focuses on uncomplicated childhood OSAS, that is, OSAS associated with adenotonsillar hypertrophy and/or obesity in an otherwise healthy child who is being treated in the primary care setting.

METHODS:
Of 3166 articles from 1999–2010, 350 provided relevant data. Most articles were level II–IV. The resulting evidence report was used to formulate recommendations.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS:
The following recommendations are made. (1) All children/adolescents should be screened for snoring. (2) Polysomnography should be performed in children/adolescents with snoring and symptoms/signs of OSAS; if polysomnography is not available, then alternative diagnostic tests or referral to a specialist for more extensive evaluation may be considered. (3) Adenotonsillectomy is recommended as the first-line treatment of patients with adenotonsillar hypertrophy. (4) High-risk patients should be monitored as inpatients postoperatively. (5) Patients should be reevaluated postoperatively to determine whether further treatment is required. Objective testing should be performed in patients who are high risk or have persistent symptoms/signs of OSAS after therapy. (6) Continuous positive airway pressure is recommended as treatment if adenotonsillectomy is not performed or if OSAS persists postoperatively. (7) Weight loss is recommended in addition to other therapy in patients who are overweight or obese. (8) Intranasal corticosteroids are an option for children with mild OSAS in whom adenotonsillectomy is contraindicated or for mild postoperative OSAS.
Clinical Features of Schwannomatosis: A Retrospective Analysis of 87 Patients
Authors: Merker Vanessa L. , Esparza Sonia , Smith Miriam J. , Stemmer-Rachamimov Anat , Plotkin Scott R. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract

Background.
Schwannomatosis is a recently recognized form of neurofibromatosis characterized by multiple noncutaneous schwannomas, a histologically benign nerve sheath tumor. As more cases are identified, the reported phenotype continues to expand and evolve. We describe the spectrum of clinical findings in a cohort of patients meeting established criteria for schwannomatosis.

Methods.
We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of patients seen at our institution from 1995–2011 who fulfilled either research or clinical criteria for schwannomatosis. Clinical, radiographic, and pathologic data were extracted with attention to age at onset, location of tumors, ophthalmologic evaluation, family history, and other stigmata of neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) or NF2.

Results.
Eighty-seven patients met the criteria for the study. The most common presentation was pain unassociated with a mass (46%). Seventy-seven of 87 (89%) patients had peripheral schwannomas, 49 of 66 (74%) had spinal schwannomas, seven of 77 (9%) had nonvestibular intracranial schwannomas, and four of 77 (5%) had intracranial meningiomas. Three patients were initially diagnosed with a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor; however, following pathologic review, the diagnoses were revised in all three cases. Chronic pain was the most common symptom (68%) and usually persisted despite aggressive surgical and medical management. Other common diagnoses included headaches, depression, and anxiety.

Conclusions.
Peripheral and spinal schwannomas are common in schwannomatosis patients. Severe pain is difficult to treat in these patients and often associated with anxiety and depression. These findings support a proactive surveillance plan to identify tumors by magnetic resonance imaging scan in order to optimize surgical treatment and to treat associated pain, anxiety, and depression.
Does chlorhexidine in different formulations interfere with the force of orthodontic elastics?
Authors: Pithon Matheus Melo , Santana Dandara Andrade , Sousa Kássio Henrique , Farias Isa Mara Andrade Oliveira 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To evaluate the effects of different concentrations of chlorhexidine on the decline in force of orthodontic elastics.

Materials and Methods:
In a laboratory study, five groups of samples were tested, with one control group represented by distilled water (group 1) and four experimental groups: 0.12% manipulated chlorhexidine (group 2), 0.2% manipulated chlorhexidine (group 3), 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate–based oral solution (0.12% Periogard; group 4), and 0.2% Cleanform mouthwash (formula and action; group 5). The test groups were submersed in artificial saliva at 37°C. Templates were used and submerged in the chlorhexidine solutions for 30 seconds twice a day. Force was measured with a digital dynamometer at six different time intervals: 0, 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days.

Results:
No statistical differences were found among the groups in the initial period, at 24 hours, and at 7 days (P &gt; .05). There were statistical differences between groups 2 and 5 at 14 days of the experiment and between group 1 and the others at 28 days. In the initial period, the force was statistically higher than it was at any of the other periods of the experiment (P &lt; .05).

Conclusion:
In the present study, chlorhexidine showed no significant influence on the force degradation of the chain elastics tested.
Newborn Care Practices of Mothers in a Rural Community in Baitadi, Nepal
Authors: Devkota MD , Bhatta MR 
Published: August 2012

Background: Despite efforts by government and other agencies, neonatal morbidity and mortality are still high in Nepal. Among all other reasons, newborn care practices are one of the major contributors for such high rates of morbidity and mortality.Objective: To find out the essential newborn care practices in a rural community.Design: Community based descriptive (cross sectional) and explorative study.Setting: Siddheshwar, Siddhapur and Gujar VDCs of Baitadi district.Participants: 71 mothers having less than 3 month infants.Materials and Methods: Semi-structured pre-tested tools were used to interview mothers along with check list for case studies.Statistical analysis: Data was analyzed using SPSS 11.5 for widows.Results and Conclusion: More than two third mothers (71.8%) took ANC service and average number of ANC service was 3.16 times. Most of the deliveries (91.5%) took place at home (69.0% in living room and 22.5% in cattle shed) which were mostly conducted by relatives (29.6%) or family members (35.2%) or self (8.5%). Nearly two third of the respondents (64.8%) did not use clean home delivery kit (CHDK) and more than one fourth (26.8%) used "used blade" for cord cutting. About 86.0% of the respondents did not use any substance on the stump, and one third (33.8%) did not wipe their babies. Most of the respondents (84.4%) burnt firewood for heating the room. More than two third (38%) of the respondents bathed their babies within one hour and only 18.3% of respondents bathed their babies after 24 hours. Only 7.0% of the respondents’ breast fed their babies within one hour, though all babies were breast fed. Nearly one third (29.6%) of the respondents discarded the first milk (colostrum). Most of the respondents (87.3%) did not give pre lacteals to their newborns and more than two third (70.4%) did not seek any health services for their newborns. More than one third (35.2%) did not vaccinate their babies. Regarding the birth preparedness practices more than half did not practice for each of pregnancy, delivery and newborn care. The common reasons behind harmful practices were lack of awareness, traditional cultural practices and lack of free time for the mothers. Therefore, there is an urgent need to introduce interventions to address newborn care practices focusing on marginalized and disadvantaged communities in the area.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hprospect.v10i0.5637 Health Prospect Vol.10 2011, pp.5-9
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Molecular Genetic Basis and Emerging Treatments
Authors: Siddiqui MA , Ogo Takeshi , Nasim MT 
Published: August 2012

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare cardiovascular disorder caused by narrowing of blood vessels in the lung and in the absence of therapy leads to right heart failure and death. No cure for this devastating disorder is known. The major objective of the current treatments is to improve symptoms and these therapies were developed prior to the discovery that this disease has substantial genetic components. In this review, we discuss molecular genetic basis of PAH together with pathobiology, current and future therapeutic interventions. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/akmmcj.v3i2.11691 AKMMC J 2012; 3(2): 30-33
Primary Renal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Badruddoza SM , Pervin Shahnaz 
Published: August 2012

Primary renal squamous cell carcinoma is a very rare tumour. Only a few cases have been reported in world literature. Here we report a case with renal squamous cell carcinoma. The patient presented with flank pain, fever and vomiting. In ultrasonography, renal mass was detected and after nephrectomy followed by histopathological examination, it was diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma. There was no evidence of renal calculi or other predisposing factors. This report highlights the rarity of the tumour. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/akmmcj.v3i2.11692 AKMMC J 2012: 3(2): 34-36
Role of Magnesium Sulphate for Prevention of Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation in Patients Undergoing Open Heart Bypass (CABG) Surgery
Authors: Ali Ashia , Hassan Md Kamrul , Nuruzzaman Mostofa , Zzaman Sumsu , Rahman Mostafizur , Hoque Rezwanul 
Published: August 2012

To assess the role of magnesium sulphate infusion after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery in preventing atrial arrhythmias that may occur following CABG operation. Cardiac anaesthesia wing of Bangabandhu Sheik Mujib Medical University, Dhaka from 2007 to 2009. Design: Prospective randomized non blined. All patients under going primary CABG surgery and having sinus rhythm before surgery were alternatively randomized into the study or control group. Patient with history of Atrial Fibrillation (AF), Left Atrial (LA) dysfunction, renal-impairment and implanted pace maker were excluded from the study. The patients in the study group received 10 mmol of magnesium (2.47gm) in 10 ml saline intravenously over 10 min after termination of Cardio Pulmonary Bypass (CPB). The end point was development 0f AF for 10 min or if an episode of AF had to be treated because of symptoms. A total of 60 patients were included in the study 30 in each group. The incident of AF was 14% in patients who received single dose of magnesium. The patients without magnesium had an AF incidence of 20% (p=0.353) not significant. Single dose magnesium infusion does not prevent AF statistically, but the haemodynamic parameters in patients receiving magnesium were more stable during the whole period of observation. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/uhj.v8i1.11661 University Heart Journal Vol. 8, No. 1, January 2012
Angiographic Correlation between Coronary and Renal Artery Lesions in Patients Undergoing Simultaneous Coronary and Renal Angiography
Authors: Safiuddin Mohammad , Habib SM Ahsan , Uddin Mir Jamal , Kauser Mohammad Abu , Khan Md Saif Ullah , Islam Sirajul , Choudhury Minhaj Rahim , Rahman Fazlur , Safi Shahnaj Binte 
Published: August 2012

Our aim was to see the association between lesions in coronary arteries and atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis (RAS) in suspected IHD patient. Data collected prospectively from 200 consecutive patients who underwent simultaneous coronary and renal angiography in suspected IHD patients. In 168 individuals of the study population, significant CAD was present (84%). Prevalence of RAS was 11% (22 patients). Significant (?50% luminal diameter stenosis) RAS was present in 12 patients (6%). Older age, higher systemic blood pressure at the time of catheterization, and 3-vessel coronary artery disease (CAD) were more associated with significant RAS. Simultaneous renal angiography is justified in patients with significant CAD particularly in older patients with hypertension. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/uhj.v8i1.11664 University Heart Journal Vol. 8, No. 1, January 2012
ST Segment Elevation Besides Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Alam Md Zahid , Ara Rowsan , Rahaman Mohammad Ferdous Ur , Ahsan Hafez Mohammad Nazmul , Salman Mohammad , Shefa Jannatara 
Published: August 2012

ST segment elevation (STE) in electrocardiography (ECG) commonly denotes acute myocardial infarction (AMI)1,2. As AMI needs prompt diagnosis and specific treatment like thrombolysis, anticoagulation or primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) which significantly improve outcome1, recognition of other conditions where STE also occurs are equally important to avoid potential hazards. This review points out to such conditions of ECG tracing. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/uhj.v8i1.11667 University Heart Journal Vol. 8, No. 1, January 2012
Carotid Body Tumor - A Case Reports
Authors: Hoque Rezwanul , Hussain Sabrina Sharmeen , Chowdhury Md Abdul Quaium , Alauddin Md , Sarker Swadesh Ranjan , Alauddin Md , Hossain Md Aslam , Rahman Md Mostafizur 
Published: August 2012

Carotid body tumor, an extra-adrenal paraganglioma, represents an uncommon entity arising in chemoreceptor tissue located at the carotid bifurcation. They commonly present as asymptomatic neck masses and careful preoperative evaluation is required to find out the functional and vascular status of these tumours. An unusual case of a large (70 × 50 × 45 mm) carotid body tumor of Shamblin type III in a 50 year old male is being presented here. The evaluation, management and the final outcome of this case of carotid body tumour is being reported here. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/uhj.v8i1.11670 University Heart Journal Vol. 8, No. 1, January 2012
First Case of Transulnar Approach for Angiogram (Coronary and Peripheral) in BSMMU
Authors: Ahsan Syed Ali , Hossain Ahmed Shafiqul , Rahman Md Hafizur , Mahmud Monjur , Siddique Md Abu , Hossain Muhmmad Mobarock 
Published: August 2012

Transfemoral approach is mostly used for coronary and peripheral angiography and intervention. Transradial coronary angiography and intervention has become a popular technique due to reduced local and bleeding complications, easier post-procedural care and patient preference. In certain patients, transradial access may not be possible due to various anatomical reasons and usually, the transfemoral route is used for these patients. In a minority of patients, such as those with significant peripheral arterial disease or obesity, the transfemoral approach is challenging and is associated with an increased risk of local complications or bleeding. Transulnar arterial access, however, has recently been shown to be feasible and safe for both coronary angiography and intervention. The procedural success, advantages and complication rates for this procedure appear similar to those for the transradial approach. This is a case of transulnar artery percutaneous coronary and peripheral intervention in a patient of chronic stable angina and peripheral vascular disease. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/uhj.v8i1.11672 University Heart Journal Vol. 8, No. 1, January 2012
Enolase ofStreptococcus pneumoniaeBinds Human Complement Inhibitor C4b-Binding Protein and Contributes to Complement Evasion
Authors: Agarwal Vaibhav , Hammerschmidt Sven , Malm Sven , Bergmann Simone , Riesbeck Kristian , Blom Anna M. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractStreptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is a pathogen that causes severe local and life-threatening invasive diseases, which are associated with high mortality rates. Pneumococci have evolved several strategies to evade the host immune system, including complement to disseminate and to survive in various host niches. Thus, pneumococci bind complement inhibitors such as C4b-binding protein (C4BP) and factor H via pneumococcal surface protein C, thereby inhibiting the classical and alternative complement pathways. In this study, we identified the pneumococcal glycolytic enzyme enolase, a nonclassical cell surface and plasminogen-binding protein, as an additional pneumococcal C4BP-binding protein. Furthermore, we demonstrated that human, but not mouse, C4BP bound pneumococci. Recombinant enolase bound in a dose-dependent manner C4BP purified from plasma, and the interaction was reduced by increasing ionic strength. Enolase recruited C4BP and plasminogen, but not factor H, from human serum. Moreover, C4BP and plasminogen bound to different domains of enolase as they did not compete for the interaction with enolase. In direct binding assays with recombinant C4BP mutants lacking individual domains, two binding sites for enolase were identified on the complement control protein (CCP) domain 1/CCP2 and CCP8 of the C4BP α-chains. C4BP bound to the enolase retained its cofactor activity as determined by C4b degradation. Furthermore, in the presence of exogenously added enolase, an increased C4BP binding to and subsequently decreased C3b deposition on pneumococci was observed. Taken together, pneumococci specifically interact with human C4BP via enolase, which represents an additional mechanism of human complement control by this versatile pathogen.
Comparative and Functional Evaluation of In Vitro Generated to Ex Vivo CD8 T Cells
Authors: Dervović Džana D. , Ciofani Maria , Kianizad Korosh , Zúñiga-Pflücker Juan Carlos 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
The generation of the cytotoxic CD8 T cell response is dependent on the functional outcomes imposed by the intrathymic constraints of differentiation and self-tolerance. Although thymic function can be partly replicated in vitro using OP9-DL1 cell cultures to yield CD8 αβ TCR-bearing cells from hematopoietic progenitor cells, a comprehensive and functional assessment of entirely in vitro generated CD8 T cells derived from bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells has not been established and remains controversial. In this study, we demonstrate that a phenotypic, molecular, and functional signature of in vitro derived CD8 T cells is akin to that of ex vivo CD8 T cells, although several significant differences were also observed. Transfer of in vitro derived CD8 T cells into syngeneic and immunodeficient host mice showed no graft-versus-host response, whereas a robust homeostatic proliferation was observed, respectively. These findings, along with a diverse and broad TCR repertoire expressed by the in vitro derived CD8 T cells, allowed for the successful generation of Ag-specific T cells to be obtained from an entirely in vitro generated CD8 T cell pool. These findings support the use of Ag-specific in vitro derived effector CD8 T cells for immune reconstitution approaches, which would be amenable to further tailoring for their use against viral infections or malignancies.
High Rate of Antibody Secretion Is not Integral to Plasma Cell Differentiation as Revealed by XBP-1 Deficiency
Authors: Taubenheim Nadine , Tarlinton David M. , Crawford Simon , Corcoran Lynn M. , Hodgkin Philip D. , Nutt Stephen L. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
During B cell terminal differentiation, a complex set of transcription factors interact to drive the phenotypic and functional changes leading to the development of Ab-secreting cells (ASCs). The transcription factor X-box binding protein 1 (XBP-1) is an essential part of one of the branches of the unfolded protein response (UPR). The UPR is induced when a cell has to handle large amounts of proteins, as is the case in ASCs. Although XBP-1 was initially also ascribed an indispensable function in plasma cell development, later studies of B cell-specific deletion reported a much milder consequence of XBP-1 deficiency. Our interest was to determine whether XBP-1 was integral for the differentiation of plasma cells. Using both in vitro and in vivo assays, we found efficient generation of ASCs in the absence of XBP-1. ASCs were present at normal frequencies in resting and immunized mice and displayed a pattern of surface markers typical for plasma cells. The absence of XBP-1 resulted in a reduction but not ablation of Ab secretion and the failure to develop the cellular morphology characteristic of ASCs. Thus, XBP-1 deficiency demonstrates that the gene regulatory program controlling plasma cell differentiation can proceed relatively normally in the absence of high rates of Ig secretion.
Cumulants of the q-semicircular Law, Tutte Polynomials, and Heaps
Authors: Vergès Matthieu Josuat 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe q-semicircular distribution is a probability law that interpolates between the Gaussian law and the semicircular law. There is a combinatorial interpretation of itsmoments in terms ofmatchings, where q follows the number of crossings, whereas for the free cumulants one has to restrict the enumeration to connected matchings. The purpose of this article is to describe combinatorial properties of the classical cumulants. We show that like the free cumulants, they are obtained by an enumeration of connected matchings, the weight being now an evaluation of the Tutte polynomial of a so-called crossing graph. The case q = 0 of these cumulants was studied by Lassalle using symmetric functions and hypergeometric series. We show that the underlying combinatorics is explained through the theory of heaps, which is Viennot's geometric interpretation of the Cartier–Foata monoid. This method also gives a general formula for the cumulants in terms of free cumulants.
‘We who cannot speak lived there first’: A new claim to land in My plaas se naam is Vergenoeg by George Weideman
Authors: Meyer Susan 
Published: August 2012

My plaas se naam is Vergenoeg (“My farm’s name is Vergenoeg [‘Far Enough’]”, 2005), a published play by George Weideman, is meaningful within the context of postcolonial discourse on land ownership and ecocritical views on the use of land. The play adds viewpoints to current postcolonial claims to land through several animal characters laying claim to being the first inhabitants, further commenting critically on man’s greed and destructiveness with regard to the earth. This article undertakes an analysis of the play, firstly investigating the messages of these non-human voices, rarely remembered or heard in the historical constructions of South Africa’s past. It focuses on Weideman’s blending of aspects of different genres and periods, the animal epic and classical Greek tragedy, resulting in a powerful downplay of man’s claim to sole ownership of the land. The study, secondly, considers the notion of landscape as defined by animals’ ways of inhabiting and interaction, in addition to the notion of landscape as a cultural construct that is traditionally defined by man’s ways of inhabiting and interaction.