bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynaclose Tape: A Practical Alternative to Punch Biopsy Site Closure
Authors: Doumit Joseph , Vale Rachel , Kanigsberg Nordau 
Published: March 2015

Background: A punch biopsy is a common therapeutic and diagnostic procedure that is routinely performed by dermatologists. A thin cylinder of tissue is removed with a biopsy punch, which creates a full-thickness wound. Sutures are used for primary closure as part of standard practice and are removed in follow-up 5 to 14 days later. The biopsy site heals with a small linear scar. In the past, punch biopsies were often left to heal by secondary intention, but given the extended healing time, this has fallen out of practice among dermatologists. Objective: The purpose of this case report is to introduce a new quick and cost-effective approach to accelerate secondary intention healing following punch biopsies in busy dermatology clinics. Results/Conclusion: We present a case where Dynaclose tape (Canica Design Inc, Almonte, ON) was used as an alternative to sutures for biopsy site closure. Dynaclose tape is a strip with adhesive ends and a clear center composed of silicone elastomer. The silicone elastomer promotes wound closure by pulling the opposing margins together. The tape maintains excellent adhesion and follows the natural shape of the skin to maximize patient comfort and mobility.
Atypical Presentation of Congenital Yellow Nail Syndrome in a 2-Year-Old Female
Authors: Cecchini Michael , Doumit Joseph , Kanigsberg Nordau 
Published: March 2015

Background: Yellow nail syndrome (YNS) is a rare clinical entity of unknown etiology that is characterized by a triad of yellow nails, respiratory manifestations, and lymphedema. The condition appears in the mid- to later years of life and only rarely in childhood. We describe a rare case of YNS with an atypical clinical presentation consisting of only yellow and dystrophic nails in a 2- year-old female since birth. Objective: A case of congenital YNS with only dystrophic and yellow nails is reported. Methods and Results: A 2-year-old female presented with yellow nails since birth. There was no positive family history. Physical examination revealed 20 thickened, dystrophic, yellow nails with onycholysis. There was no evidence of respiratory manifestations or lymphedema. Conclusion: Although rare, YNS can present as a congenital clinical entity and persist after birth. Pediatric patients with YNS show different clinical manifestations than the classic adult patient. The presence of yellow and dystrophic nails in the absence of respiratory and lymphatic manifestations may be the only sign of pathology and warrants close monitoring as progression to more serious complications can occur.
Factors Related to Delay in the Diagnosis of Basal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Husein-ElAhmed Husein , Gutierrez-Salmeron Maria-Teresa , Naranjo-Sintes Ramon , Aneiros-Cachaza Jose 
Published: March 2015

Background: There is often a delay between the clinical emergence of a basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and the point in time at which the patient presents for definitive diagnosis and treatment. Previously published studies on delays regarding skin cancer have focused on melanoma rather than Bcc. We conducted a study aimed at identifying factors associated with the detection of Bcc and reasons for the delay in diagnosis. Method: A monocentric study was performed. Patients with a primary BCC diagnosed in 2010 were included in the study. They were asked about factors concerning BCC awareness and detection, tumor characteristics, previous history of nonmelanoma cutaneous cancer, family history of nonmelanoma cutaneous cancer, and the presence of comorbidities. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: The mean diagnostic delay for BCC in our hospital setting was estimated at 19.79 ± 14.71 months. Delayed diagnosis was significantly associated with patients over 65 years, those without a previous history of BCC, those without a family history of BCC, those with BCC located elsewhere than the head or neck, and those with lesions not associated with itching or bleeding. Conclusion: This study revealed considerable delay in the diagnosis of BCC. The main reason for delay in the diagnosis seems to be the initial decision of the patient to seek medical advice. These data suggest a need for greater information for the general public on the symptoms and signs that should prompt suspicion of a BCC.
Measuring the Severity of Topical 5-Fluorouracil Toxicity
Authors: Korgavkar Kaveri , Firoz Elnaz F. , Xiong Michael , Lew Robert , Marcolivio Kimberly , Burnside Nancy , Dyer Robert , Weinstock Martin A. 
Published: March 2015

Background: Topical 5% 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is known to cause toxicity, such as erythema, pain, and crusting/erosions. Objectives: We sought to develop a scale to measure this toxicity and test the scale for reliability. Methods: A scale was developed involving four parameters: erythema severity, percentage of face involved in erythema, crusting/erosions severity, and percentage of face involved in crusting/erosions. Thirteen raters graded 99 sets of photographs from the Veterans Affairs Keratinocyte Carcinoma Chemoprevention (VAKCC) Trial using these parameters. Results: Intraclass correlation overall for 13 raters was 0.82 (95% CI 0.77–0.86). There was no statistically significant trend in reliability by level of training in dermatology. Conclusions: This scale is a reliable method of evaluating the severity of toxicity from topical 5-fluorouracil and can be used by dermatologists and nondermatologists alike.
Evaluation of the Incidence of Discoid Lupus Erythematosus in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Its Relationship to Disease Activity
Authors: Saghafi Massoud , Hashemzadeh Kamila , Sedighi Sima , Yazdanpanah Mohammad Javad , Rezaieyazdi Zahra , Sahebari Maryam , Esmaily Habibollah 
Published: March 2015

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease with wide clinical features ranging from cutaneous manifestations to systemic disease. Skin is one of the most commonly affected organs in SLE. Objective: To determine whether there is any correlation between discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) and the severity of SLE. Methods: In a prospective cross-sectional study, 60 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed SLE were enrolled. Skin biopsy was performed to establish the diagnosis of DLE. Disease activity was determined by the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K). A SLEDAI-2K score ≥ 10 was considered active and severe disease. Results: Eleven SLE patients (9 females and 2 males) had DLE (18.3%) and 49 patients (46 females and 3 males) had SLE without DLE (81.7%). The mean age of patients with DLE was 30.18 ± 11.07 years and in patients without it was 28.4 ± 10.26 years ( p = .6). Three of 11 patients with DLE (27.3%) and 14 of 49 patients without DLE (28.6%) had a SLEDAI-2K score ≥ 10 ( p = 1). Conclusion: The presence of DLE in our patients with SLE was not associated with less severe disease.
Think beyond the Skin
Authors: Gulliver Wayne , Lynde Charles , Dutz Jan P. , Vender Ronald B. , Yeung Jensen , Bourcier Marc , Dion Pierre-Luc , Hong Chi-Ho , Searles Gordon , Poulin Yves 
Published: March 2015

Objective: Explore the feasibility of Treat to Target in the area of psoriasis as seen in other therapeutic areas such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis. Methods: Review validated, measurable targets for psoriasis, including physician global assessment (PGA), psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) and dermatology life quality index (DLQI). Examine principles brought forth in the published European consensus on psoriasis and develop a Canadian consensus on Treat to Target in psoriasis. Results: As PASI and DLQI are not routinely used in the community setting, we are recommending target at a PGA of zero (clear). Conclusion: Recommend that the target is a PGA of zero (clear) as it provides a simple and measurable result that the patient and physician can clearly understand.
Quality Appraisal of Acne Clinical Practice Guidelines, 2008–2013
Authors: Kawala Christopher , Fernando Dilan , Tan Jerry K.L. 
Published: March 2015

Background: Acne vulgaris is a common chronic disease, and evidence-based clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) can provide credible treatment information. Method: A literature search for acne CPGs published between January 2008 and September 2013 was conducted. Two reviewers independently applied the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE II) instrument. Methodological quality was evaluated by ranking in AGREE II domains and the highest number of items scoring above the neutral threshold score. Results: Four CPGs fulfilled the selection criteria, and the highest ranked were the European and Malaysian. Highest scores achieved by the former were for scope/purpose, stakeholder involvement, and rigor of development and by the latter were for scope/purpose, clarity of presentation, and applicability. Applicability was the lowest scoring of all domains for all CPGs. Conclusion: European and Malaysian acne CPGs were ranked highest for methodological quality and may serve to inform clinical practice and guideline adaptation.
Comparison of Lesion Improvement in Lupoid Leishmaniasis Patients with Two Treatment Approaches
Authors: Banihashemi Mahnaz , Yazdanpanah Mohamad Javad , Amirsolymani Hossein , Yousefzadeh Hadis 
Published: March 2015

Background: There are several therapies for treating lupoid leishmaniasis. We compared the effectiveness of intralesional meglumine antimoniate (MA) and topical application of trichloroacetic acid (TCA) 50% solution. Methods: This study was a randomized clinical trial comprising 60 lupoid leishmaniasis patients. The first group received intralesional MA once a week, and the second group was treated once weekly with TCA 50% topical solution. The results were recorded once after 8 weeks and then 3 months after the termination of treatment. Results: The total clearance rates after treatment and after the 3-month follow-up were, respectively, 48.1% and 40% in the first group and 44.4% and 36.6% in the second group. There was no significant difference between the two treatment groups ( p = .25 and p = .26). In both groups, the most common side effect was scarring. Conclusion: Having almost the same efficacies, TCA as a topical approach could be as effective as MA in the lupoid leishmaniasis treatment plan.
Sweet Syndrome in a Patient with Chronic Hepatitis C
Authors: Guo Danny , Parsons Laurie M. 
Published: March 2015

Background: Sweet syndrome (SS) is a rare skin condition that is classically idiopathic in etiology, but can also be triggered by malignancy, drug reaction, or infection. Both chronic hepatitis C infection and antiviral agents for the treatment of hepatitis C have been postulated to be possible triggers of SS. Objective: Herein, we present a case of SS in a patient with untreated chronic hepatitis C and cirrhosis but no other significant comorbidities.
Biopsy Location for Direct Immunofluorescence in Patients with Suspected Bullous Pemphigoid Impacts Probability of a Positive Test Result
Authors: Sladden Chris , Kirchhof Mark G. , Crawford Richard I. 
Published: March 2015

Background: Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune polymorphic skin disease characterized by erythematous papules and plaques and tense bullae. A skin biopsy for direct immunofluorescence (DIF) is used to detect autoantibodies and complement proteins. Objective: We sought to determine which location would provide the highest probability of obtaining a positive DIF result. Method: We undertook a retrospective chart review of 1,423 DIF biopsies. Biopsies with a clinical suspicion of BP were designated as either lesional, perilesional, or indeterminate. Results: Fifty percent of lesional DIF biopsies were positive, whereas 22% of perilesional and 12% of indeterminate biopsies had a positive DIF result. The odds ratio of a positive DIF from a lesional versus perilesional biopsy site was found to be 3.45 (95% CI 1.44–8.29). Conclusion: Clinicians are more likely to obtain a positive DIF result from a lesional nonbullous skin biopsy than from a perilesional or normal skin biopsy.
PCQoL
Authors: Abbas Mariam , Schwartz Mary E. , Smith Frances J.D. , McLean W.H. Irwin , Hull Peter R. 
Published: March 2015

Background: Pachyonychia congenita (PC) is a rare but often debilitating, dominantly inherited disorder. New treatments require more accurate instruments for evaluating changes in the quality of life in these patients. Objectives: This study was undertaken to develop and validate a quality of life questionnaire for PC patients (PCQoL). Methods: Relevant factors influencing quality of life in PC patients were identified and incorporated into the well-recognized, general questionnaire, the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), to establish a disease-specific measure, the PCQoL. Classical test theory (CTT) and Rasch analysis (RA) were used to analyze and validate the PCQoL. Results: CTT analysis established test–retest reliability and internal consistency for the PCQoL. Concurrent and construct validity for the DLQI and the PCQoL were also validated. Chi-square–based infit and outfit statistics indicated that the Rasch model fits the observed responses very well. RA reconfirmed reliability, internal consistency, reasonable homogeneity, construct validity, and the presence of three RA-based domains. Conclusion: The PCQoL questionnaire is a measure validated by both CTT and RA. It appears to be a valuable tool in measuring quality of life modifications in PC individuals with keratoderma.
Granuloma Annulare as an Isotopic Response to Herpes Zoster
Authors: Levy Jonathan , Barber Duane , Robertson Lynne 
Published: March 2015

Background: Wolf's isotopic response is the phenomenon of a new skin disease occurring at the site of another unrelated and already healed skin disorder. Most cases in the literature report herpes zoster (HZ) as the original disease; however, the isotopic responses vary greatly. Including this case, our literature search revealed 32 cases of isotopic granuloma annulare (GA) following HZ. Case Report: An 82-year-old male presented with GA localized to the right T9 dermatome that later appeared at other sites on the trunk and extremities. The patient had an episode of shingles involving the same dermatome 4 years earlier. Discussion: To our knowledge, this is the first case report of GA occurring initially as an isotopic response in an HZ scar and subsequently becoming generalized. Thirty-eight percent (12 of 32) of patients with isotopic GA following HZ were immunocompromised, which is similar to the published rate of immunodeficiency in patients with HZ.
Use of Facebook as a Tool for Knowledge Dissemination in Dermatology
Authors: Kim Whan , Vender Ronald 
Published: March 2015

Background: The presence of dermatology-related platforms in social media has been acknowledged; however, the level of engagement of the public with these platforms has not been evaluated. Objective: To use the Engagement Rate to assess the level of engagement of the public with Facebook pages devoted to dermatology. Methods: A search on Facebook identified Facebook pages for dermatology academic journals, professional societies, and patient-centered groups with the highest number of Facebook likes. Then the Yearly Page Engagement Rate was calculated for each Facebook page. Results: The robust average of the Yearly Page Engagement Rate was 0.673 for academic journals, 0.313 for professional societies, and 1.563 for patient-centered groups. Conclusion: Patient-centered groups engaged with their fans most effectively. Engagement is a key determinant of a fan's exposure to the contents of the page and hence a gauge of whether the fans who “liked” the page continue to remain engaged or not.
A CBCT atlas of buccal cortical bone thickness in interradicular spaces
Authors: Holmes Patrick B. , Wolf Bethany J. , Zhou Jing 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To provide a road map of buccal cortical bone thickness in interradicular locations where miniscrew implants are commonly placed.

Materials and Methods:
Cone-beam computed tomography images from 100 study quadrants (50 maxillary and 50 mandibular) were studied. Cortical bone thickness was measured at the most mesial point, the midpoint, and the most distal point in interradicular areas from the canine to the first molar in both arches at 4 mm and 6 mm from the alveolar ridge. Indicator variables of whether the cortical bone thickness was thinner than 1 mm and thicker than 1.5 mm were constructed and analyzed in a general linear mixed model.

Results:
Buccal cortical bone was significantly thinner at a point bisecting two teeth than the bone adjacent to the teeth (P &lt; .0001). The site with the greatest percentage of measurements &lt;1 mm (20%) was at the midpoint bisecting the mandibular canine and the first premolar. The site with the highest percentage of measurements &gt;1.5 mm (50%) was in the mandible adjacent to the first molar (distal to the midpoint of the second premolar and first molar) at 6 mm from the alveolar crest.

Conclusion:
Cortical bone thickness is significantly thinner centrally between two teeth than in the areas adjacent to the roots.
Preparation Of Melt Spun Electroconductive Fine Fibres Containing Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Mirjalili Mohammad , Karimi Loghman 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Preparation of electroconductive fine fibres containing carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by melt spinning was the main goal of the present study. In this regard, the influence of the main operating parameters such as type of polymer used (polyester, polypropylene and polyamide), type and concentration of the CNTs on conductivity, and mechanical and thermal properties of the melt spun fibres was studied. The conductivity of melt spun fibres was measured based on the method developed by Morton and Hearl. The morphologies of the CNTs–polymer composite fibres were studied by scanning electron microscopy. Thermal behaviours and mechanical properties of the CNTs–polymer composite fibres were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry and tearing tester, respectively. The results reveal that using CNTs had tangible effect on electrical, thermal and mechanical properties of the melt spun fibres. Also, polyamide had a better dispersion of CNTs and correspondingly lower surface resistivity.
Seed banking of Polish endangered plants – the FlorNatur Project
Authors: Puchalski Jerzy , Niemczyk Maciej , Walerowski Piotr , Podyma Wiesław , Kapler Adam 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Among the 2750 species of the Polish vascular flora, about 500 species are threatened with extinction and 430 of them are strictly protected by national law. The FlorNatur project for the ex situ conservation of the most endangered species was started in 2009. The aim of the project is to collect seeds of 61 species from 161 sites in eastern Poland and store them in the Seed Bank of the Polish Academy of Sciences Botanical Garden - Center for Biological Diversity Conservation in Warsaw- Powsin. A complementary program is being carried out by the Forestry Gene Bank at Kostrzyca in western Poland. Their task is to collect 58 species from 129 natural sites in the western part of Poland. To date, seeds of 31 species from 56 populations have been collected, tested and stored in liquid nitrogen.
Sequences of epicuticular wax structures along stems in four selected tree species
Authors: Tomaszewski Dominik , Zieliński Jerzy 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Wax layer formation accompanies the processes of epidermis and cuticle formation. To examine these changes, observationsalong current-year long shoots of four woody species (Acer negundo, A. rufinerve, Gymnocladus dioica, and Gingko biloba) were made. Long shoots are suitable objects for such observations, because from the same stem, several samples can be obtained that represent a well-defined sequence of fragments of different ages.
The data that were obtained from different and sometimes distant stem regions suggest that epicuticular wax crystals appear on the stems very early and quickly, since they are found near the stem apex during intensive plant growth. This was confirmed for the four examined species. Some differences, however, were noted.
Very rapid production of prominent wax crystals was observed in stems. In an experiment involving mechanical wax removal from the A. negundo stem surface and subsequent analysis of the surface after several days via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), it was shown that wax regenerates very quickly. After only several hours, new emerging crystals were observed and their morphologies were essentially the same. Nearly full regeneration was observed several days after removal.
Subgroups of Finite Abelian Groups Having Rank Two via Goursat’s Lemma
Authors: Tóth László 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Using Goursat’s lemma for groups, a simple representation and the invariant factor decompositions of the subgroups of the group Zm × Zn are deduced, where m and n are arbitrary positive integers. As consequences, explicit formulas for the total number of subgroups, the number of subgroups with a given invariant factor decomposition, and the number of subgroups of a given order are obtained.
Advanced Gas-To-Liquids Technology: AGC-21
Authors: Quinlan Charles W. , Fiato Rocco Anthony , Bienstock Martin G. , Ansell Lauren Mike 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Conversion of natural gas to liquids (GTL) utilizing Fischer-Tropsch hydrocarbon synthesis technology is a viable option to bring gas resources to market. Over the past two decades, ExxonMobil has invested over $600 million dollars in the development of proprietary technology, Advanced Gas Conversion for the 21st Century (AGC21).
This state-of-the-art technology provides an important option for commercialization of natural gas resources that we look forward to implementing in Qatar for the production of fuels, lube basestocks and other specialty products. This paper discusses advances in ExxonMobil's AGC21 technology achieved over the years as a result of a comprehensive research, development and engineering program.

Introduction
Current day gas-to-liquids options involve multiple processing steps. These options are being advanced in development efforts at a number of locations worldwide.2The effort at ExxonMobil is culminating in a complete, integrated processing scheme, Advanced Gas Conversion for the 21st Century, or AGC-21.3-5
This is part of a wider ranging activity on natural gas, an increasingly important resource that is currently providing about 20% of the world's energy, with demand expected to increase in response to growing environmental concerns. As seen in Figure 1, we are continuing efforts to develop a wide range of technology options such as GTL, while simultaneously working on other gas utilization activities such as the development of high strength steel to improve the economics of long distance pipelines, and our continuing activities to develop and market LNG.