bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of multicellular senescence and oxidative stress
Authors: Haines David D. , Juhasz Bela , Tosaki Arpad 
Published: June 2013

AbstractProgressively sophisticated understanding of cellular and molecular processes that contribute to age‐related physical deterioration is being gained from ongoing research into cancer, chronic inflammatory syndromes and other serious disorders that increase with age. Particularly valuable insight has resulted from characterization of how senescent cells affect the tissues in which they form in ways that decrease an organism's overall viability. Increasingly, the underlying pathophysiology of ageing is recognized as a consequence of oxidative damage. This leads to hyperactivity of cell growth pathways, prominently including mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin), that contribute to a build‐up in cells of toxic aggregates such as progerin (a mutant nuclear cytoskeletal protein), lipofuscin and other cellular debris, triggering formation of senescent cellular phenotypes, which interact destructively with surrounding tissue. Indeed, senescent cell ablation dramatically inhibits physical deterioration in progeroid (age‐accelerated) mice. This review explores ways in which oxidative stress creates ageing‐associated cellular damage and triggers induction of the cell death/survival programs’ apoptosis, necrosis, autophagy and ‘necroapoptophagy’. The concept of ‘necroapoptophagy’ is presented here as a strategy for varying tissue oxidative stress intensity in ways that induce differential activation of death versus survival programs, resulting in enhanced and sustained representation of healthy functional cells. These strategies are discussed in the context of specialized mesenchymal stromal cells with the potential to synergize with telocytes in stabilizing engrafted progenitor cells, thereby extending periods of healthy life. Information and concepts are summarized in a hypothetical approach to suppressing whole‐organism senescence, with methods drawn from emerging understandings of ageing, gained from Cnidarians (jellyfish, corals and anemones) that undergo a unique form of cellular regeneration, potentially conferring open‐ended lifespans.
Gravity loading induces adenosine triphosphate release and phosphorylation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinases in human periodontal ligament cells
Authors: Ito Mai , Arakawa Toshiya , Okayama Miki , Shitara Akiko , Mizoguchi Itaru , Takuma Taishin 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAimThe periodontal ligament (PDL) receives mechanical stress (MS) from dental occlusion or orthodontic tooth movement. Mechanical stress is thought to be a trigger for remodeling of the PDL and alveolar bone, although its signaling mechanism is still unclear. So we investigated the effect of MS on adenosine triphosphate (ATP) release and extracellular signal‐regulated kinases (ERK) phosphorylation in PDL cells.MethodsMechanical stress was applied to human PDL cells as centrifugation‐mediated gravity loading. Apyrase, Ca2+‐free medium and purinergic receptor agonists and antagonists were utilized to analyze the contribution of purinergic receptors to ERK phosphorylation.ResultsGravity loading and ATP increased ERK phosphorylation by 5 and 2.5 times, respectively. Gravity loading induced ATP release from PDL cells by tenfold. Apyrase and suramin diminished ERK phosphorylation induced by both gravity loading and ATP. Under Ca2+‐free conditions the phosphorylation by gravity loading was partially decreased, whereas ATP‐induced phosphorylation was unaffected. Receptors P2Y4 and P2Y6 were prominently expressed in the PDL cells.ConclusionGravity loading induced ATP release and ERK phosphorylation in PDL fibroblasts, and ATP signaling via P2Y receptors was partially involved in this phosphorylation, which in turn would enhance gene expression for the remodeling of PDL tissue during orthodontic tooth movement.
Person‐centred reviews as a mechanism for planning the post‐school transition of young people with intellectual disability
Authors: Kaehne A. , Beyer S. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundPerson‐centred planning has played a key role in the transformation of intellectual disabilities services for more than a decade. The literature has identified clear advantages for service users when service delivery is planned around the individual rather than the user is made to fit into service structures. Researchers however have pointed out that there is a lack of evidence that person‐centred planning positively influences outcomes for users.MethodOur study examined the application of person‐centred planning during transition for young people with intellectual disabilities. We investigated the nature and content of 44 person‐centred reviews of transition planning for this population in a local authority in the UK. We carried out a documentary analysis of all person‐centred plans and conducted telephone interviews with all families participating in the programme. We focused on the issue of attendance at review meetings and what was discussed during the meetings.ResultsAnalysis of the data shows an increase in the participation of young people and carers at review meetings and a significant shift in topics discussed during the transition planning process compared with previous programmes. However, some of these effects may dissipate once young people are actually leaving school as planning well is not synonymous with having an improved range of placement options.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that person‐centred planning can impact positively on some aspects of transition planning, while it may be too optimistic to expect radical improvement in other area. Key to further improvements is to complement person‐centred planning with consistent involvement of all relevant stakeholders in planning for individuals.
The Implication of Neuroactive Steroids in Tourette's Syndrome Pathogenesis: A Role for 5α‐Reductase?
Authors: Bortolato M. , Frau R. , Godar S. C. , Mosher L. J. , Paba S. , Marrosu F. , Devoto P. 
Published: June 2013

Tourette's syndrome (TS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by recurring motor and phonic tics. The pathogenesis ofTSis considered to reflect dysregulations in the signalling of dopamine (DA) and other neurotransmitters, which lead to excitation/inhibition imbalances in cortico‐striato‐thalamocortical circuits. The causes of these deficits may reflect complex gene × environment × sex (G × E × S) interactions; indeed, the disorder is markedly predominant in males, with a male‐to‐female prevalence ratio of approximately 4 : 1. Converging lines of evidence point to neuroactive steroids as being likely molecular candidates to account for G × E × S interactions inTS. Building on these premises, our group has begun examining the possibility that alterations in the steroid biosynthetic process may be directly implicated inTSpathophysiology; in particular, our research has focused on 5α‐reductase (5αR), the enzyme catalysing the key rate‐limiting step in the synthesis of pregnane and androstane neurosteroids. In clinical and preclinical studies, we found that 5αR inhibitors exerted marked anti‐DAergic and tic‐suppressing properties, suggesting a central role for this enzyme inTSpathogenesis. Based on these data, we hypothesise that enhancements in 5αR activity in early developmental stages may lead to an inappropriate activation of the ‘backdoor’ pathway for androgen synthesis from adrenarche until the end of puberty. We predict that the ensuing imbalances in steroid homeostasis may impair the signalling ofDAand other neurotransmitters, ultimately resulting in the facilitation of tics and other behavioural abnormalities inTS.
Advocacy of home telehealth care among consumers with chronic conditions
Authors: Lu Ju‐Fen , Chi Mei‐Ju , Chen Ching‐Min 
Published: June 2013

Aims and objectivesTo describe use of home telehealth care as an alternative for chronic disease management from users' perspective.BackgroundAs the population ages, telehealth is increasingly being used to tackle problems related to the fast growing ageing population. Home telehealth care therefore poses challenges and offers opportunities for patients and healthcare providers.DesignA qualitative approach was adopted with a purposeful sample of 20 patients residing in Taiwan.MethodPatients who had received the service for three months and were willing to share their experiences were recruited. Data were collected by face‐to‐face interviews with semi‐structured interview guideline (n = 8) and a focus group discussion (n = 12) in 2010. A qualitative content analysis was used.ResultsFour key themes were identified: perceived support and security, enhanced disease self‐management, concerned with using the devices and worries about the cost by patients. Most users favoured using the service to control their chronic conditions because of its convenience and accessibility, and their condition could be measured daily to enhance their sense of security. Users could determine and understand changes in their condition and improve medical regimen compliance, and they were empowered to revise their lifestyles for better disease self‐management. However, users were concerned about the utility of the service, because they were unfamiliar with the operating procedures and doubted its quality. As the service is still in stage of pilot testing, users worried about possible cost and reimbursement policy changes in the future.ConclusionMost users perceived telehealth care was a convenient and useful model for healthcare‐delivery. It increased the availability of health care and improved the self‐care ability of patients.Relevance to clinical practiceTo advocate for home telehealth care, nurses must play an active role in providing consumers with proper training and support for any problems when adopting the system to foster patients' willingness to use this service.
Clinical Outcomes Following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention With Drug‐Eluting Stents Versus Bare Metal Stents in Patients on Chronic Hemodialysis
Authors: MELIGA EMANUELE , DE BENEDICTIS MAURO , GAGNOR ANDREA , CONROTTO FEDERICO , NOVARA MARCO , SCROCCA INNOCENZO , VARBELLA FERDINANDO , MARRA SEBASTIANO , CONTE MARIA ROSA 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundPatients on chronic hemodialysis (HD) are recognized as a high‐risk group for adverse events after percutaneous coronary intervention, and whether drug‐eluting stents (DES) are associated with improved outcomes over bare metal stents (BMS) is still uncertain. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of DES compared with BMS at short‐ and long‐term follow‐up (FU) in an unselected sample of HD patients.Methods and ResultsIn the time period 2005–2010, consecutive patients on chronic HD treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and stent implantation were retrospectively selected and analyzed. A total of 169 patients were selected, 77 treated exclusively with BMS and 92 exclusively with DES. Baseline clinical characteristics were similar in the 2 groups as well as the number of treated vessels, treated lesions, and the stent per patient ratio. At longest available FU, no difference between the 2 study groups was found in terms of cardiac death (18.2% vs 16.3%, P = 0.83), myocardial infarction (2.5% vs 8.6%, P = 0.09), cerebrovascular accidents (0% vs 1.1%, P = 0.98), and target vessel revascularization (TVR) (9.1% vs 16.3%, P = 0.17). Major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events‐free survival at 1,500 days in the BMS and DES groups was 57.6% and 50.9% (P = 0.11), respectively.ConclusionsPCI in patients on chronic HD treatment is associated with a high incidence of adverse events at FU, mainly represented by death. In our study, the use of DES was not associated with a reduction of target lesion revascularization (TLR) and TVR.
Long‐term stimulation of areca nut components results in increased chemoresistance through elevated autophagic activity
Authors: Yen Ching‐Yu , Chiang Wei‐Fan , Liu Shyun‐Yeu , Cheng Pse‐Chou , Lee Sheng‐Yang , Hong Wen‐Zhai , Lin Pin‐Yen , Lin Mei‐Huei , Liu Young‐Chau 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundWe previously demonstrated the autophagy‐inducing activity in the crude extract of areca nut (ANE) and its 30–100 kDa fraction (ANE 30–100 K). This study aimed to analyze whether chronic ANE and ANE 30–100 K stimulations lead to higher stress resistance and autophagic activity in oral cells, and whether the resulting autophagic status in stimulated cells correlates with stress resistance.Materials and MethodsMalignant cells from the mouth oral epidermoid carcinoma Meng‐1 (OECM‐1) and blood (Jurkat T) origins were stimulated with non‐cytotoxic ANE and ANE 30–100 K for 3 months. Sensitivity to anticancer drugs of and autophagy status in stimulated cells, analyzed respectively by XTT assay and calculating microtubule‐associated protein 1 light chain 3‐II LC3‐II/β‐actin ratios from Western blot, were compared to non‐treated cells. Autophagy inhibitors, 3‐methyladenine (3‐MA) and chloroquine (CQ), were used to assess whether autophagy inhibition interferes the altered chemoresistance.ResultsAreca nut extract‐stimulated (ANE‐s) and ANE 30–100 K‐stimulated (30–100 K‐s) OECM‐1 and Jurkat T cells generally exhibited higher cisplatin and 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) resistances, compared to non‐stimulated cells. Most stimulated cells expressed significantly higher levels of LC3‐II and Atg4B proteins. Interestingly, these cells also showed stronger tolerances against hypoxia environment and expressed higher LC3‐II levels under glucose‐deprived and hypoxia conditions. Finally, both 3‐MA and CQ alleviated, albeit to different degrees, the increased chemoresistance in ANE‐s and/or 30–100 K‐s cells.ConclusionsChronic stimulations of ANE or ANE 30–100 K may increase tolerance of oral cancer and leukemia T cells to anticancer drugs, as well as to glucose deprivation and hypoxia conditions, and cause an elevation of autophagy activity responsible for increased drug resistance.
Examining Primacy as an Identifier of Salience
Authors: Demorest Amy , Gleckel Jareb 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis article examines whether the first things people report in narrative accounts represent themes of particular importance to them. In two studies, college students recounted autobiographical memories in an interview setting (Study 1:N = 56;Mage = 19.4; 29 male, 27 female; 48.2%Caucasian, 17.9%Asian, 14.3%AfricanAmerican, 10.7%Hispanic/Latino; Study 2:N = 40;Mage = 18.7; 27 female, 13 male; 57.5%Caucasian, 15%Asian, 12.5%Hispanic/Latino, 7.5%AfricanAmerican). Participants reported happy and sad memories (Study 1) or memories of any emotional type (Study 2), and narrative themes were identified from these memories using standard categories of emotion‐eliciting events. Study 2 included a follow‐up task one month later in which participants rated the importance of these themes. The themes from the first memories recurred in subsequent memories significantly more often than would be expected by chance, and this recurrence was not a function of the order of memories, the participant's gender, or the type of theme. Furthermore, the themes from the first memories were rated as significantly more important than other themes in the follow‐up task. These findings provide strong empirical evidence that primacy identifies important material in the context of narrative analysis.
Evaluation of child and parent outcomes after a pediatric cardiac camp experience
Authors: Bultas Margaret W. , Budhathoki Chakra , Balakas Karen 
Published: June 2013

AbstractPurposeThis study evaluated the effects of a cardiac camp experience on children with heart disease and their parents.Design and MethodsA repeated measures design was used with 49 parent–child dyads. Repeated measures evaluated the effects of camp on anxiety, attitude toward illness, and psychosocial functioning of the children. Parental anxiety was also evaluated.ResultsResults demonstrated decreases in parent anxiety, decreases in child trait anxiety, and positive psychosocial outcomes in the areas of self‐esteem, social, physical, and emotional functioning.Practice ImplicationsFindings can be used to support decisions for those contemplating a camping experience for the child with heart disease.
Factors associated with the intention to recommend human papillomavirus vaccination among Korean school health teachers
Authors: Choi Keum Bong , Mo Hyun Suk , Kim Jin Sun 
Published: June 2013

AbstractPurposeThe purposes were to examine Korean school health teachers' knowledge and attitudes toward human papillomavirus (HPV) and HPV vaccination, identify factors associated with their intention to recommend the HPV vaccine, and characterize school health teachers' communication with students or parents regarding the HPV vaccine.Design and MethodsThe online survey involved 119 school health teachers in Korea.ResultsFactors associated with an intention to recommend the HPV vaccine were perceived benefits, desiring more education regarding HPV and the HPV vaccine, and age of school health teachers.Practice ImplicationsFindings suggest a need for more education to promote a greater understanding of HPV and HPV vaccination among Korean school health teachers.
Validation of a clinically useful measure of children's state anxiety before medical procedures
Authors: Ersig Anne L. , Kleiber Charmaine , McCarthy Ann Marie , Hanrahan Kirsten 
Published: June 2013

AbstractPurposeAssessment of children's anxiety in busy clinic settings is an important step in developing tailored interventions. This article describes the construct validation of the Children's Anxiety Meter‐State (CAM‐S), a brief measure of state anxiety.Design and MethodsExisting data were used to investigate the associations between child self‐reports of anxiety, parent reports of child anxiety, and observed child distress during an intravenous procedure.ResultsChildren's (n = 421) CAM‐S scores were significantly associated with all parent measures and observed distress ratings.Practice ImplicationsFindings support the use of the CAM‐S for assessment of child anxiety in clinical settings.
Inosine triphosphatase deficiency helps predict anaemia, anaemia management and response in chronic hepatitis C therapy
Authors: Clark P. J. , Aghemo A. , Degasperi E. , Galmozzi E. , Urban T. J. , Vock D. M. , Patel K. , Thompson A. J. , Rumi M. G. , D'Ambrosio R. , Muir A. J. , Colombo M. 
Published: June 2013

SummaryAnaemia frequently complicates peginterferon/ribavirin therapy for chronic hepatitis C infection. Better prediction of anaemia, ribavirin dose reduction or erythropoietin (EPO) need, may enhance patient management. Inosine triphosphatase (ITPA) genetic variants are associated with ribavirin‐induced anaemia and dose reduction; however, their impact in real‐life clinic patient cohorts remains to be defined. We studied 193 clinic patients with chronic hepatitis C infection of mixed viral genotype (genotype 1/4 n = 123, genotype 2/3, n = 70) treated with peginterferon/ribavirin. Patients were genotyped for ITPA polymorphisms rs1127354 and rs7270101 using Taqman primers. Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium was present. Estimated ITPA deficiency was graded on severity (0–3, no deficiency/mild/moderate/severe, n = 126/40/24/3, respectively). Multivariable models tested the association with anaemia at 4 weeks of treatment [including decline in haemoglobin (g/dL); haemoglobin <10 g/dL and haemoglobin decline >3 g/dL]; ribavirin dose reduction and EPO use and explored sustained viral response (SVR) to peginterferon/ribavirin. More severe ITPA deficiency was associated with less reduction in haemoglobin level (P < 0.001; R2 = 0.34), less ribavirin dose reduction (OR 0.42; (95% CI = 0.23–0.77); P = 0.005) and less EPO use [OR 0.53; (0.30–0.94); P = 0.029]. ITPA deficiency was associated with SVR [OR: 1.70; (1.02–2.83); P = 0.041] independently of clinical covariates (adjusted R2 = 0.31). In this clinical cohort, ITPA deficiency helped predict the risk of on‐treatment anaemia, ribavirin dose reduction, need for EPO support and was associated with SVR. For patients on HCV regimens including peginterferon/ribavirin, testing for ITPA deficiency may have clinical utility.
Sexual reproduction of Hippospongia communis (Lamarck, 1814) (Dictyoceratida, Demospongiae): comparison of two populations living under contrasting environmental conditions
Authors: Zarrouk Souad , Ereskovsky Alexander V. , Mustapha Karim Ben , Abed Amor El , Pérez Thierry 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe study of the reproductive processes of benthic invertebrates is essential to the understanding of their population dynamics and is also important in formulating conservation plans, especially for exploited species. The sexual reproduction of Hippospongia communis, the ‘honeycomb’ bath sponge, was studied at two locations in the Mediterranean Sea: the Kerkennah Islands (Tunisia, South Mediterranean), where the mean annual seawater temperature is 19 °C, and Marseille (France, Northwestern Mediterranean Sea), where the mean annual water temperature is 16 °C. The aim of this comparative study was to determine whether different environmental conditions could affect reproduction patterns. At both locations, H. communis was found to contain sexual reproductive elements year‐round. Oogenesis and embryogenesis occurred throughout the year, whereas spermatogenesis occurred during shorter periods between October and November, in both populations. While gametogenesis seemed to be synchronized, indicating that fertilization could occur at the same time at both locations, spawning was observed in late summer in Marseille, whereas it started in late spring for the Kerkennah population. Larval development of H. communis seems to take longer for sponges living at cooler locations such as Marseille. Reproductive effort calculated for both sexes showed significantly higher values for specimens from Kerkennah Islands. By comparing sexual reproductive patterns of populations living in two contrasted environments, we suggest that a change of thermal regime can affect H. communis phenology.
Can alteration experiments on impact melts from El'gygytgyn and volcanic glasses shed new light on the formation of the Martian surface?
Authors: Hellevang Helge , Dypvik Henning , Kalleson Elin , Pittarello Lidia , Koeberl Christian 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis investigation involved three specimens: an altered felsic sample of impactite from the ICDP El'gygytgyn drill core D1c, and two reference volcanics from Iceland, namely a rhyolitic glass and a basaltic glass. The goal of this work was to better understand the alteration of impact melt and volcanic glass, and to apply the results to an investigation of alteration processes below the surface of Mars. Hydrothermal batch alteration experiments with the El'gygytgyn sample showed formation of various silica phases such as cristobalite, opal, and quartz. According to geochemical modeling, zeolites were also expected, but zeolite minerals already present in the impactite prior to the experiment may have masked possible experimental zeolite growth. Basaltic glass was altered to smectite, talc, and opal. The accompanying numerical modeling gave results that were similar or comparable to the laboratory experiments. Rhyolitic glass was kinetically more stable than basaltic glass, and showed only minor formation of calcite and feldspar during the 3‐week experiment. The study showed that closed‐system isochemical alteration of both siliceous and mafic glasses and melts results in the formation of smectites and zeolites. Therefore, to link alteration features on Mars to specific physical conditions, the exact identity of the mineral phases present in surface rocks must be known. Moreover, our simulations on closed‐system isochemical alteration showed that the fraction of zeolites and silica formed relative to smectite depends on the source mineral altered. Therefore, fractions of these mineral groups present in the Martian soil may be used to better predict source rock characteristics.