bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NAKED ANXIETY: BATHHOUSES, NUDITY, AND THEDHIMMĪWOMAN IN 18TH-CENTURY ALEPPO
Authors: Semerdjian Elyse 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIn the 18th century, non-Muslims and women crossed social boundaries during a period of increased global consumption, prompting intervention on the part of Ottoman officials. On the imperial level, the sultan promulgated edicts to restrict such crossings, following the path of earlier laws that had regulated public spaces including bathhouses. In Aleppo, a local reflection of these 18th-century trends was increased monitoring of nudity and of contact between Muslims and non-Muslims within the city's bathhouses. Regulations required that bathkeepers provide separate bath sundries for Muslims and non-Muslims and prohibited co-confessional bathing for women in particular. With the assistance of guilds—and to a lesser extentmilletrepresentatives—complex bathing schedules for Muslim and non-Muslim women were registered at court to support segregation policies. Jurists discussing modesty requirements for Muslim women declared that non-Muslim (dhimmī) women were to be treated as unrelated men in that they were forbidden to gaze upon a naked Muslim woman. Shariʿa court rulings were constructed along similar lines, indicating that thedhimmīwoman was an unstable, liminal social category because in some circumstances her gaze was gendered male. Muslim male elites and local guilds ultimately instituted segregated bathing schedules to protect the purity of Muslim women from the danger posed by thedhimmīfemale figure.
THE SULTAN AND THE REBEL: SAʿDUN AL-MANSUR'S REVOLT IN THE MUNTAFIQ, C. 1891–1911
Authors: Fattah Hala , Badem Candan 
Published: October 2013

AbstractFrom 1891 to 1911, a disenfranchised shaykh of the Muntafiq tribe, Saʿdun al-Mansur, led a large uprising against Ottoman rule in southern Iraq. Feeling that he had been disinherited from properties that were his birthright, he fought battle after battle against rival family claimants, shaykhs in Arabia and the Gulf, and reformist Ottoman governors in Baghdad and Basra. This article analyzes Saʿdun's insurgency both within the context of his life and against the background of shifting socioeconomic and political events in Iraq, Arabia, and the Gulf at the turn of the 20th century. One of the last rebellions against Ottoman central authority in southern Iraq, the insurgency was also notable for the indirect but intriguing links between the rebel shaykh and his nominal overlord Sultan ʿAbd al-Hamid II, who paid special attention to the rebel's fate.
DIDACTIC ENTERTAINMENT: THE MOROCCANPOLICE JOURNALAND THE ORIGINS OF THE ARABIC POLICE PROCEDURAL
Authors: Smolin Jonathan 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis article traces the ways that the MoroccanPolice Journal, a state-produced periodical that first appeared in 1961, constructed and disseminated an aspirational identity for the Moroccan police, one that was radically distinct from the image of the brutal security forces of the Protectorate period. Unlike other state-produced periodicals in Morocco or the Middle East at the time,Police Journalincluded fictional short stories written in the form of a police procedural, a genre that places a real-world criminal detective in the center of a narrative depicting a believable police investigation into a puzzling crime. As this article shows, these stories are the first examples of police procedurals in the Arabic language. The article examines three stories fromPolice Journal, tracing how they projected a new professional institutional culture for the police in the era of independence and served as both didactic pieces for police readers and entertaining works of fiction for the literate public.
Effect of melamine onin vitrorumen microbial growth, methane production and fermentation of Chinese wild rye hay and maize meal in binary mixtures
Authors: YANG H. J. , ZHUANG H. , MENG X. K. , ZHANG D. F. , CAO B. H. 
Published: October 2013

SUMMARYThe effects of melamine on gas production (GP) kinetics, methane (CH4) production and fermentation of diets differing in forage content (low-forage (LF) diet: 200 g/kg and high-forage (HF) diet: 800 g/kg) by rumen micro-organismsin vitrowere studied using batch cultures. Rumen contents were collected from three Simmental×Luxi crossbred beef cattle. Melamine was added to the incubation bottles to achieve final concentration of 0 (control), 2, 6, 18, 54, 162 and 484 mg/kg of each diet. Cumulative GP was continuously measured in an automated gas recording instrument during 72 h of incubation, while fermentation gas end-products were collected to determine molar proportions of carbon dioxide (CO2), CH4and hydrogen gas (H2) in manually operated batch cultures. Differences in GP kinetics and fermentation gases were observed in response to the nature of the diets incubated. Although melamine addition did not affect GP kinetics and fermentation gas pattern compared to the control, the increase of melamine addition stimulated the yield of CH4by decreasing CO2, especially during the fermentation of the HF diet. The concentrations of ammonia nitrogen (N), amino acid N and microbial N in culture fluids were greater in the fermentation of LF- than HF diets, and these concentrations were increased by the increase of melamine addition after 72-h fermentation. The concentrations of total volatile fatty acids (VFA) were greater in HF than LF diets. The addition of melamine decreased total VFA concentrations and this response was greater in HF than LF diet fermentations. Melamine addition did not affect molar proportions of acetate, butyrate, propionate and valerate compared with the control; however, branched-chain VFA production, which was lower in the HF than the LF diet, was increased by the melamine addition, especially in the HF diet fermentation. The ratio of non-glucogenic to glucogenic acids was lower in the HF than the LF diet, but it was not affected by melamine addition. In brief, the greater reduction in the rate and extent of rumen fermentation found for the HF diet in comparison with the LF diet suggested that rumen fermentation rate and extentin vitrodepended mainly on the nature of the incubated substrate, and that they could be further inhibited by the increase of melamine addition.
Infliximab for autoimmune inner ear disease: case report and literature review
Authors: Heywood R L , Hadavi S , Donnelly S , Patel N 
Published: October 2013

AbstractObjectives:This study aimed (1) to report the long-term effects of infliximab, a murine monoclonal antibody directed against tumour necrosis factor-α, on autoimmune inner ear disease, and (2) to discuss dilemmas surrounding the long-term management of autoimmune inner ear disease.Case report:A 49-year-old man presented with sudden-onset, left-sided, sensorineural hearing loss, tinnitus and vertigo. He was prescribed oral prednisolone, with benefit. Over several subsequent months, he experienced frequent relapses and progressive deterioration of high-frequency hearing bilaterally. Multiple agents failed to stabilise his condition. Following infliximab treatment, there was a documented and sustained improvement in his hearing and tinnitus. He stopped the treatment after 46 weeks, with rapid relapse of his condition. His hearing recovered quickly again after recommencing infliximab.Conclusion:The benefits of prolonged infliximab use and potential side effects must be balanced against allowing the disease to take its course, with progressive deafness. Randomised controlled trials are required to assess infliximab's optimal duration of use, long-term efficacy and safety in the treatment of autoimmune inner ear disease.
Stapled double head and neck drape for otological procedures
Authors: Amin N , Fu B , Rutka J , Das P 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIntroduction:During otologic surgical procedures, there is often a dilemma when ensuring that hair is kept out of the surgical field. For a surgeon, the simplest and commonest technique is to liberally shave the head, but this can cause aesthetic concerns for the patient. Failure to keep the area hair-free can lead to a range of adverse surgical outcomes including wound infection and poor scar cosmesis. We describe a technique used in our department to effectively control hair during otologic surgical procedures, with no post-operative aesthetic concerns.Methods:The use of re-usable or disposable surgical drapes with disposable skin staples can effectively exclude hair from the operative field throughout the procedure, without fear of the drapes slipping or losing adhesiveness.Results:The authors have obtained good results both during and after surgery, using this quick and easily learnt method, with no cases of long-term skin damage or scarring.Discussion:We find this to be an effective method of hair and skin preparation for otologic surgical procedures, and suggest it to fellow otorhinolaryngologists as a helpful alternative technique.
The conservation status of bats in Fiji
Authors: Scanlon Annette , Petit Sophie , Bottroff Guy 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBats provide important ecosystem services throughout the South Pacific but many species are threatened. The Fiji archipelago has a rich bat fauna yet few arrangements exist to promote the conservation of this group. From July 2008 to March 2011 we visited important sites identified in previous surveys for bats on Vanua Levu, Taveuni, Viti Levu and the Yasawa Islands. We netted and recorded five of Fiji's six bat species (Pteropus tonganus, Pteropus samoensis nawaiensis, Notopteris macdonaldi, Chaerephon bregullae and the Critically Endangered Mirimiri acrodonta). This was only the sixth recorded capture of M. acrodonta. P. tonganus is widespread in Fiji and exploits many different environments. P. samoensis nawaiensis mostly uses forested areas, and large tracts of forest are required for its long-term protection. Cave protection is vital for the two insectivorous species (C. bregullae and Emballonura semicaudata) and N. macdonaldi. In particular, the Nakanacagi maternity site remains globally significant for C. bregullae. E. semicaudata was not caught or detected during our surveys. It appears to be extinct from most large islands in Fiji and has abandoned the only large cave roost (Yaqeta) observed 10 years ago. This species has disappeared from or declined dramatically on Vanuatu, Samoa, Tonga and Fiji. We recommend that the category of E. semicaudata semicaudata on the IUCN Red List be changed to Critically Endangered. Management priorities should focus on community engagement and education, and improved cave and forest management and protection.
Modulation instability of two laser beams in plasma
Authors: Singh Vijay 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIn the present paper, spatial amplitude modulation instability arising due to relativistic self-phase modulation and relativistic cross phase modulation of two co-propagating, linearly polarized laser beams (with arbitrary relative polarization) interacting with homogeneous plasma, has been studied. Wave equations including finite perturbation length effects, group velocity dispersion, and coupled nonlinear source term have been set up. Coupled dispersion relation for the two laser beams has been derived and solved numerically. The growth rate of modulation instability has been obtained and compared with the growth rate of a single beam propagating in homogeneous plasma. It has been shown that modulation instability of a single beam may either be enhanced or suppressed by co-propagation of another laser beam having appropriate polarization.
Visuospatial, Visuoperceptual, and Visuoconstructive Abilities in Congenital Hypothyroidism
Authors: Simic Nevena , Khan Sarah , Rovet Joanne 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIndividuals with congenital hypothyroidism (CH), even those diagnosed and treated early, experience selective cognitive deficits, the most striking of which involves the visuocognitive domain. However, the range and nature of their visuocognitive disturbances is not fully understood. We assessed a range of higher-order visuocognitive abilities in 19 children and adolescents with CH and 19 age- and sex-matched typically developing peers (TD) using a battery of neuropsychological tests and a novel self-report measure of sense of direction. CH scored lower than TD on direct tests of visuocognitive function (judging line orientation, parts-to-whole localization, copying three-dimensional block towers, discriminating designs, and matching unfamiliar faces in ¾ profile-view) as well as on self-reported problems in spatial ability. Visuocognitive problems were not global as CH and TD did not differ at copying two-dimensional block designs, mentally rotating and matching abstract shapes, or at matching unfamiliar front-view faces, design features, or designs that engaged either figure-ground segregation, visual constancy, or closure. Early and concurrent thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were associated with visuocognitive ability, although attention and working memory were not. Individuals with CH exhibit selective visuocognitive weaknesses, some of which are related to early and concurrent TSH levels. (JINS, 2013, 19, 1–9)
PERIODIC MINIMAL SURFACES IN SEMIDIRECT PRODUCTS
Authors: MENEZES ANA 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIn this paper we prove the existence of complete minimal surfaces in some metric semidirect products. These surfaces are similar to the doubly and singly periodic Scherk minimal surfaces in ${ \mathbb{R} }^{3} $. In particular, we obtain these surfaces in the Heisenberg space with its canonical metric, and in ${\mathrm{Sol} }_{3} $ with a one-parameter family of nonisometric metrics.
Identification of a binding element for the cytoplasmic regulator FROUNT in the membrane-proximal C-terminal region of chemokine receptors CCR2 and CCR5
Authors: Toda Etsuko , Terashima Yuya , Esaki Kaori , Yoshinaga Sosuke , Sugihara Minoru , Kofuku Yutaka , Shimada Ichio , Suwa Makiko , Kanegasaki Shiro , Terasawa Hiroaki , Matsushima Kouji 
Published: October 2013

Chemokine receptors mediate the migration of leucocytes during inflammation. The cytoplasmic protein FROUNT binds to chemokine receptors CCR2 [chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 2] and CCR5, and amplifies chemotactic signals in leucocytes. Although the interaction between FROUNT and chemokine receptors is important for accurate chemotaxis, the interaction mechanism has not been elucidated. In the present study we identified a 16-amino-acid sequence responsible for high-affinity binding of FROUNT at the membrane-proximal C-terminal intracellular region of CCR2 (CCR2 Pro-C) by yeast two-hybrid analysis. Synthesized peptides corresponding to the CCR2 Pro-C sequence directly interacted with FROUNT in vitro. CCR2 Pro-C was predicted to form an amphipathic helix structure. Residues on the hydrophobic side are completely conserved among FROUNT-binding receptors, suggesting that the hydrophobic side is the responsible element for FROUNT binding. The L316T mutation to the hydrophobic side of the predicted helix decreased the affinity for FROUNT. Co-immunoprecipitation assays revealed that the CCR2 L316T mutation diminished the interaction between FROUNT and full-length CCR2 in cells. Furthermore, this mutation impaired the ability of the receptor to mediate chemotaxis. These findings provide the first description of the functional binding element in helix 8 of CCR2 for the cytosolic regulator FROUNT that mediates chemotactic signalling.
Delayed Stimulus-Specific Improvements in Discourse Following Anomia Treatment Using an Intentional Gesture
Authors: Altmann Lori J. P. , Hazamy Audrey A. , Carvajal Pamela J. , Benjamin Michelle , Rosenbek John C. , Crosson Bruce 
Published: October 2013

Purpose
In this study, the authors assessed how the addition of intentional left-hand gestures to an intensive treatment for anomia affects 2 types of discourse: picture description and responses to open-ended questions.

Method
Fourteen people with aphasia completed treatment for anomia comprising 30 treatment sessions over 3 weeks. Seven subjects also incorporated intentional left-hand gestures into each treatment trial.

Results
Both groups demonstrated significant changes in trained items and improved naming of untrained items but no change in Western Aphasia Battery—Aphasia Quotient (WAB–AQ; Kertesz, 1982) scores. Changes in discourse were limited to the 3-month follow-up assessment. Several discourse measures showed significant improvements in the picture description task and declines during question responses. Additionally, the gesture group produced more words at each assessment, whereas the no gesture group produced fewer words at each assessment. These patterns led to improvements in picture descriptions and minimal declines in question responses in the gesture group. In contrast, the no gesture group showed minimal improvements in picture descriptions and production declines in question responses relative to pretreatment levels.

Conclusion
The intensive treatment protocol is a successful method for improving picture naming even of untrained items. Further, the authors conclude that the intentional left-hand gesture contributed significantly to the generalization of treatment to discourse.
The Role of Utterance Length and Position in 3-Year-Olds' Production of Third Person Singular
-s
Authors: Mealings Kiri T. , Demuth Katherine 
Published: October 2013

Purpose

Evidence from children's spontaneous speech suggests that utterance length and utterance position may help explain why children omit grammatical morphemes in some contexts but not others. This study investigated whether increased utterance length (hence, increased grammatical complexity) adversely affects children's third person singular
-s
production in more controlled experimental conditions.

Method

An elicited imitation task with 12 Australian English–speaking children ages 2;9 (years;months) to 3;2 (
M
age
= 2;11) was conducted comparing third person singular
-s
production in 3-word and 5-word utterances, both utterance medially (e.g.,

He
sits
back

;

He
sits
back and swings

) and utterance finally (e.g.,

There he
sits

;

That's the way he
sits

) using a within-subjects design. Children were shown pictorial representations of each utterance on a computer and were invited to repeat 16 pseudorandomized prerecorded utterances. Acoustic analysis determined the presence/absence and duration of the third person singular morpheme.

Results
Third person singular production was significantly lower utterance medially compared to utterance finally for the 5-word utterances and significantly lower utterance medially in the 5-word compared to 3-word utterances.

Conclusion

These results suggest that increased utterance length results in significantly lower third person singular production, but only in the more articulatorily challenging utterance-medial position. Thus, morpheme omission is greatest at the intersection of grammatical
and
phonological complexity.
Restoring the sense of touch with a prosthetic hand through a brain interface
Authors: Tabot Gregg A. , Dammann John F. , Berg Joshua A. , Tenore Francesco V. , Boback Jessica L. , Vogelstein R. Jacob , Bensmaia Sliman J. 
Published: October 2013

Significance
Our ability to manipulate objects relies fundamentally on sensory signals originating from the hand. To restore motor function with upper-limb neuroprostheses requires that somatosensory feedback be provided to the tetraplegic patient or amputee. Accordingly, we have developed approaches to convey sensory information critical for object manipulation—information about contact location, pressure, and timing—through intracortical microstimulation of somatosensory cortex. In experiments with nonhuman primates, we show that we can elicit percepts that are projected to a localized patch of skin, that track the pressure exerted on the skin, and that signal the timing of contact events. We anticipate that the proposed biomimetic feedback will constitute an important step in restoring touch to individuals who have lost it.
Essential role for mammalian apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endonuclease Ape1/Ref-1 in telomere maintenance
Authors: Madlener Sibylle , Ströbel Thomas , Vose Sarah , Saydam Okay , Price Brendan D. , Demple Bruce , Saydam Nurten 
Published: October 2013

Significance
Base excision repair (BER) is the predominant system correcting simple DNA base lesions formed by oxidation or other DNA-damaging agents. Repair of apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites arising in the genome spontaneously or as intermediates of BER is critical owing to their toxic and mutagenic effects. Ape1/Ref-1 is the major AP endonuclease that initiates the processing of AP sites, allowing normal transcription and DNA synthesis to resume. In this study, we report a key role for Ape1/Ref-1 in telomere maintenance. Our findings suggest a direct link between BER and telomere dynamics, highlighting the potential contribution of oxidative DNA damage repair activities on telomere dysfunction in cancer, premature aging, or autoimmune diseases.
DIM (3,3′-diindolylmethane) confers protection against ionizing radiation by a unique mechanism
Authors: Fan Saijun , Meng Qinghui , Xu Jiaying , Jiao Yang , Zhao Lin , Zhang Xiaodong , Sarkar Fazlul H. , Brown Milton L. , Dritschilo Anatoly , Rosen Eliot M. 
Published: October 2013

Significance
DIM (3,3′-diindolylmethane) is a small molecule compound under investigation as a cancer preventive agent. This research addresses a potential usage of DIM as a medical countermeasure to prevent or mitigate acute radiation syndrome due to whole body exposure. In this regard, DIM can be administered safely to humans and animals by oral or subcutaneous routes. DIM may also be useful in preventing or mitigating late normal tissue damage due to partial body radiation exposure during cancer treatment. DIM works, in part, by a mechanism distinct from other radioprotectors and mitigators involving stimulation of the DNA damage response, including DNA repair, and activation of cell survival signaling through the transcription factor NF-κB.
Catalytically powered dynamic assembly of rod-shaped nanomotors and passive tracer particles
Authors: Wang Wei , Duan Wentao , Sen Ayusman , Mallouk Thomas E. 
Published: October 2013

Significance
Microscale catalyst particles suspended in fluids can convert the energy of chemical reactions that occur on their surfaces to movement. Collections of particles undergoing powered motion exhibit behavior that mimics living microparticles such as bacteria: swarming, predator–prey interactions, and chemotaxis. These behaviors originate from pairwise interactions of particles that so far have not been measured or understood. In this article, short-range attractive interactions of catalytic nanorod motors were shown to arise from electrical forces. These forces drive the transient formation of dimers and trimers, and are also responsible for the collection of passive tracer particles at the ends of the nanorods. The quantitative description of these interactions lays the theoretical groundwork for understanding and manipulating the collective behavior of nanomotors.