bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diverse set of Turing nanopatterns coat corneae across insect lineages
Authors: Blagodatski Artem , Sergeev Anton , Kryuchkov Mikhail , Lopatina Yuliya , Katanaev Vladimir L. 
Published: August 2015

Significance
Corneal surfaces of some insects are coated with nipple-like nanostructures reducing the light reflection. Here we provide an extensive analysis of corneae across insect groups. Using atomic force microscopy, we discover a striking diversity of corneal nanocoatings, omnipresent in arthropods. These fascinating bionanostructures replicate the complete set of the Turing patterns—shapes resulting from the reaction−diffusion modeling underlying many examples of patterning in biological and physicochemical systems. Our work, verging on the interface of nanotechnology and zoology, evolution and biophysics, and ecology and genetics, sheds light on the molecular origin and evolutionary diversification of a beautiful diversity of insect corneal nanostructures. It also describes, to our knowledge, the first-ever biological example of Turing nanopatterns.
Fish Energy Use among Fluctuating and Constant Thermal Regimes Simulating Winter Conditions in Rivers
Authors: Hansen Eriek S. , Rahel Frank J. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractDuring the winter, variation in water temperature in temperate‐zone rivers is strongly influenced by the presence or absence of surface ice cover. Prior to ice formation, water temperatures can fluctuate from nighttime lows near 0°C to daytime highs near 6°C. After ice formation, temperatures remain constant near 0°C. Climate change is projected to reduce the duration of surface ice cover in aquatic ecosystems and, thus, alter winter temperature regimes. We conducted a laboratory experiment to compare fish energy use for two situations: (1) ice free conditions with diel cycling temperatures (0.2–6°C), and (2) ice cover conditions with constant low temperatures (0.5°C). We compared the response of Creek Chub Semotilus atromaculatus, representing a coolwater species, and Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis, representing a coldwater species, to these temperature regimes. During a 60‐d study we monitored metabolic measurements of energy use and proximate body composition of fasted fish. For Creek Chub, there was no effect of time or temperature regime on respiration rates. Ammonium excretion declined over time for Creek Chub held at the constant low temperature but remained unchanged for fish held at the cycling temperature. For Brook Trout, there was no effect of time or temperature regime on respiration or ammonium excretion. Both species showed a loss of body lipids over the 60 d but there was no difference in the rate of loss between the two temperature treatments. Thus, we were unable to detect a difference in the energy use for these species between the different thermal regimes simulating the presence or absence of surface ice cover.
Lack of the evidence for the enzymatic catabolism of Man1GlcNAc2 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Hossain Tanim Jabid , Hirayama Hiroto , Harada Yoichiro , Suzuki Tadashi 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
In the cytosol of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, most of the free N-glycans (FNGs) are generated from misfolded glycoproteins by the action of the cytoplasmic peptide: N-glycanase (Png1). A cytosol/vacuole α-mannosidase, Ams1, then trims the FNGs to eventually form a trisaccharide composed of Manβ1,4GlcNAc β1,4GlcNAc (Man1GlcNAc2). Whether or not the resulting Man1GlcNAc2 is enzymatically degraded further, however, is currently unknown. The objective of this study was to unveil the fate of Man1GlcNAc2 in S. cerevisiae. Quantitative analyses of the FNGs revealed a steady increase in the amount of Man1GlcNAc2 produced in the post-diauxic and stationary phases, suggesting that this trisaccharide is not catabolized during this period. Inoculation of the stationary phase cells into fresh medium resulted in a reduction in the levels of Man1GlcNAc2. However, this reduction was caused by its dilution due to cell division in the fresh medium. Our results thus indicate that Man1GlcNAc2 is not enzymatically catabolized in S. cerevisiae.
The Narrative Construction of European Identity. Meanings of Europe ‘from below’
Authors: Scalise Gemma 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT
This article forms a part of the scientific debate on the change of identities related to the process of European integration. It draws on sociological tools for putting forward the concept of ‘narrative identity’ for the analysis of the European sense of belonging. It assumes that the narratives of Europe shared in the transnational networks, which have developed with Europeanization and globalization, contribute to the construction of European identity. It also presumes that the meanings attributed to Europe are shaped by the social context in which people live and are influenced by the local dimension where everyday life takes place. By presenting a qualitative empirical research conducted in two different Italian local contexts, the article highlights the narratives of Europe shared by Europeans from diverse socio-economic and cultural backgrounds, how different stories take shape and what types of European identity they contribute to construct. Results show that the narratives of Europe are multi-level stories, a mixture of values and references coming from local cultural heritages and national history, and linked to the European post-national plot. Both subjective autonomy and structural social conditioning influence the conceptualization of Europe and European identity is embedded in local territories. The dynamics of identity formation and the openness toward Europe in local identities are connected to the ‘habitus’ and related to variables such as education, socio-economic background, media exposure, transnational networking, participation and experiencing Europe.
Comparison of Rapid Point-of-Care Tests for Detection of Antibodies to Hepatitis C Virus
Authors: Fisher Dennis G. , Hess Kristen L. , Erlyana Erlyana , Reynolds Grace L. , Cummins Catherine A. , Alonzo Todd A. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Background.  Hepatitis C is one of the most prevalent blood-borne diseases in the United States. Despite the benefits of early screening, among 3.2 million Americans who are infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV), 50%–70% are unaware of their infection status.
Methods.  Data were collected between 2011 and 2014, from 1048 clients who were in the following groups: (1) injection drug users, (2) women at sexual risk, (3) gay and bisexual men, and (4) transgender individuals. The sensitivity and specificity of point-of-care tests included (1) the MedMira rapid human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/HCV antibody test, (2) MedMira hepatitis B (HBV)/HIV/HCV antibody test, (3) Chembio HCV Screen Assay used with both whole blood and (4) oral specimens, (5) Chembio HIV-HCV Assay also used with both whole blood and (6) oral specimens, (7) Chembio HIV-HCV-Syphilis Assay, and (8) OraSure HCV Rapid Antibody Test used with whole blood. The gold standard for the HCV tests were HCV enzyme immunoassay (EIA) 2.0.
Results.  OraSure had the highest sensitivity at 92.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 88.8%–96.5%) followed closely by Chembio's 3 blood tests at 92.1% (95% CI = 87.7%–96.4%), 91.5% (95% CI = 87.2%–95.7%), and 92.3% (95% CI = 88.4%–96.2%). The sensitivities of MedMira HIV/HCV and MedMira HIV/HCV/HBV tests were the lowest, at 79.1% (95% CI = 72.6%–85.5%), and 81.5% (95% CI = 75.2%–87.8%), respectively. Specificity for the OraSure was 99.8% (95% CI = 99.4%–100%); specificity for the Chembio blood tests was 99.2% (95% CI = 98.6%–99.9%), 99.4% (95% CI = 98.8%–99.9%), and 99.3% (95% CI = 98.8%–99.9%); and specificity for the MedMira was100% and 100%. False-negative results were associated with HIV and hepatitis B core antibody serostatus.
Conclusions.  The OraSure and Chembio blood tests (including those multiplexed with HIV and syphilis) appear to good performance characteristics. This study has identified potential limitations of rapid testing in those testing positive for HIV and HBcAb. There should be discussion of updates to the 2013 CDC guidance.
Comparison of Outcomes following Autologous Breast Reconstruction Using the DIEP and Pedicled TRAM Flaps: A 12-Year Clinical Retrospective Study and Literature Review
Authors: Knox Aaron D. C. , Ho Adelyn L. , Leung Leslie , Tashakkor A. Yashar , Lennox Peter A. , Van Laeken Nancy , Macadam Sheina A. 
Published: August 2015

Background:
There are few studies that compare the deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flap to the pedicled transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (pTRAM) flap for use in reconstructive breast surgery. The authors examined four factors that aid in decision-making: donor-site morbidity, need for surgery related to abdominal morbidity, operative time, and complications.

Methods:
This is a retrospective review of patients undergoing breast reconstruction using the DIEP or pTRAM flap at the University of British Columbia between 2002 and 2013. The authors compared operative time and abdomen- and flap-related complications in both groups.

Results:
Reconstruction was performed in 507 patients; 25.6 percent received DIEP flaps (n = 183 breasts) and 74.4 percent underwent pTRAM flap surgery (n = 444 breasts). Pedicled TRAM flap patients were more likely to require abdominal closure with mesh (44.2 percent versus 8.1 percent; p < 0.001); 21.2 percent of them had a postoperative bulge and/or hernia versus 3.1 percent of DIEP flap patients; and 12.7 percent of pTRAM flap patients required surgery for hernia/bulge. Controlling for confounders, there were five times the odds of a hernia/bulge in the pTRAM flap group. DIEP flap surgery was 234 minutes longer than pTRAM flap surgery.

Conclusions:
The benefits of the pTRAM flap may be offset by the need to correct abdominal wall complications. DIEP flap reconstruction had lower donor complications but increased operative time. A cost analysis is needed to determine the most economical procedure.

CLINCIAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, III.
Severe acute encephalopathy related to human parainfluenza virus type 2 infection in an infant: a case report
Authors: Sugai Kazuko , Tsukagoshi Hiroyuki , Nojima Ikuko , Fujiwara Kaori , Kodera Aya , Kimura Noriko , Tsuchimoto Keiji , Sekimoto Kazuhiro , Kitada Kumimi , Takahashi Nobumasa , Araki Tooru , Fujii Yosuke , Miyaji Yumiko , Ikeda Masanori , Kozawa Kunihisa , Noda Masahiro , Kuroda Makoto , Kimura Hirokazu 
Published: August 2015

Introduction:
We present here a rare case of severe acute encephalopathy with extra-pulmonary symptoms in a two-year-old girl caused by human parainfluenza virus type 2 (HPIV2) infection.

Case Presentation:
The patient was brought in by ambulance, presenting with fever, hypoxia and generalized tonic-clonic seizure, and was admitted into Fukuyama Medical Center. She had a depressed level of consciousness with drowsiness. Her Glasgow coma score was 6. Based on the results of laboratory examinations, brain computed tomography, brain magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalography, we diagnosed her with acute encephalopathy. Treatment was initiated with high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin, methylprednisolone pulse therapy and edaravone along with mechanical ventilation. We confirmed HPIV2 infection using samples of sputum from the intra-tracheal tube, throat swab and blood using next-generation sequencing and the PCR method. After continued steroid and anti-inflammatory therapy, the patient recovered completely.

Conclusion:
Extra-pulmonary symptoms in parainfluenza viral infections are rare. HPIV2 infection can cause severe acute encephalopathy via a systemic immunological reaction along with airway symptoms.
A single chromosome assembly ofBacteroides fragilisstrain BE1 from Illumina and MinION nanopore sequencing data
Authors: Risse Judith , Thomson Marian , Blakely Garry , Koutsovoulos Georgios , Blaxter Mark , Watson Mick 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundSecond and third generation sequencing technologies have revolutionised bacterial genomics. Short-read Illumina reads result in cheap but fragmented assemblies, whereas longer reads are more expensive but result in more complete genomes. The Oxford Nanopore MinION device is a revolutionary mobile sequencer that can produce thousands of long, single molecule reads.ResultsWe sequencedBacteroides fragilisstrain BE1 using both the Illumina MiSeq and Oxford Nanopore MinION platforms. We were able to assemble a single chromosome of 5.18 Mb, with no gaps, using publicly available software and commodity computing hardware. We identified gene rearrangements and the state of invertible promoters in the strain.ConclusionsThe single chromosome assembly ofBacteroides fragilisstrain BE1 was achieved using only modest amounts of data, publicly available software and commodity computing hardware. This combination of technologies offers the possibility of ultra-cheap, high quality, finished bacterial genomes.
Genetic and Physical Interaction Studies Reveal Functional Similarities between ALBINO3 and ALBINO4 in Arabidopsis
Authors: Trösch Raphael , Töpel Mats , Flores-Pérez Úrsula , Jarvis Paul 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
ALBINO3 (ALB3) is a well-known component of a thylakoid protein-targeting complex that interacts with the chloroplast signal recognition particle (cpSRP) and the cpSRP receptor, chloroplast filamentous temperature-sensitive Y (cpFtsY). Its protein-inserting function has been established mainly for light-harvesting complex proteins, which first interact with the unique chloroplast cpSRP43 component and then are delivered to the ALB3 integrase by a GTP-dependent cpSRP-cpFtsY interaction. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), a subsequently discovered ALB3 homolog, ALB4, has been proposed to be involved not in light-harvesting complex protein targeting, but instead in the stabilization of the ATP synthase complex. Here, however, we show that ALB3 and ALB4 share significant functional overlap, and that both proteins are required for the efficient insertion of cytochrome f and potentially other subunits of pigment-bearing protein complexes. Genetic and physical interactions between ALB4 and ALB3, and physical interactions between ALB4 and cpSRP, suggest that the two ALB proteins may engage similar sets of interactors for their specific functions. We propose that ALB4 optimizes the insertion of thylakoid proteins by participating in the ALB3-cpSRP pathway for certain substrates (e.g. cytochrome f and the Rieske protein). Although ALB4 has clearly diverged from ALB3 in relation to the partner-recruiting C-terminal domain, our analysis suggests that one putative cpSRP-binding motif has not been entirely lost.
Conserved Gene Expression Programs in Developing Roots from Diverse Plants
Authors: Huang Ling , Schiefelbein John 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe molecular basis for the origin and diversification of morphological adaptations is a central issue in evolutionary developmental biology. Here, we defined temporal transcript accumulation in developing roots from seven vascular plants, permitting a genome-wide comparative analysis of the molecular programs used by a single organ across diverse species. The resulting gene expression maps uncover significant similarity in the genes employed in roots and their developmental expression profiles. The detailed analysis of a subset of 133 genes known to be associated with root development in Arabidopsis thaliana indicates that most of these are used in all plant species. Strikingly, this was also true for root development in a lycophyte (Selaginella moellendorffii), which forms morphologically different roots and is thought to have evolved roots independently. Thus, despite vast differences in size and anatomy of roots from diverse plants, the basic molecular mechanisms employed during root formation appear to be conserved. This suggests that roots evolved in the two major vascular plant lineages either by parallel recruitment of largely the same developmental program or by elaboration of an existing root program in the common ancestor of vascular plants.
Domestic versus offshore service providers
Authors: Forman Andrew M. , Thelen Shawn , Shapiro Terri 
Published: August 2015

Purpose– Prior research has determined that consumers are opposed to services offshoring. The purpose of this paper is to determine the likelihood that consumers would choose a domestic vs an offshore service provider if asked to pay more, wait longer, or sacrifice service quality.Design/methodology/approach– The cost, time to wait, and quality of services provided (for two different services: taxes and customer service) were varied to determine respondent likelihood to choose a domestic as opposed to an offshore service provider when asked to pay more, wait longer, or sacrifice the quality of the service in return for access to a domestic service provider. Data were collected via survey research, using an internet panel.Findings– Results of repeated measures analysis indicated that customer loyalty to the domestic service provider significantly decreased as the cost or time to interact with a domestic service provider increased or the quality of service provided by the offshore service provider increased.Research limitations/implications– The research results signify that while customers, in general, may be opposed to services offshoring, they will “defect” or show less loyalty to the domestic service provider when asked to sacrifice time or money for that access. Respondents were asked to react to each trade-off as individual factors. Future research might combine these factors to determine interrelated tradeoffs.Practical implications– The research results signify that while customers, in general, may be opposed to services offshoring, they will “defect” or show less loyalty to the domestic service provider when asked to sacrifice time or money for that access.Originality/value– The paper extends research with regard to consumer reaction to service offshoring and provides insight into the trade-offs consumers might be willing to incur in return for access to domestic service providers. The paper is of value to practitioners and academic researchers.
Innovation strategy and performance of international technology services ventures
Authors: Ndubisi Nelson Oly , Capel Celine Marie , Ndubisi Gibson C 
Published: August 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the moderating role of structural autonomy in the relationship between innovation strategy and performance of international technology services ventures (ITVs).Design/methodology/approach– Data were collected from 200 ITVs serving markets outside their country of origin. Instrumentation followed standard procedure by adapting validated and parsimonious items from existing literature. Factor and hierarchical multiple regression analyses were applied to examine the hypothesised relationships.Findings– The results indicate a significant relationship between innovation strategy (namely service products innovation, process innovation and administrative innovation) and performance of ITVs. Structural autonomy moderates the relationship between process innovation, administrative innovation and performance. There is no moderating effect of autonomy in the association of service products innovation and performance.Research limitations/implications– The study corroborates the argument that service firms have more to gain by granting autonomy. In the context of ITVs, such gains are directly linked to performance through enhanced innovation in service products, processes and administration. It adds to the growing suggestions and rebuttals in the literature of a trade-off between innovation and communication; and between exploration of new knowledge and exploitation of existing knowledge in organisations when there is autonomy.Practical implications– Management can increase innovation and performance by granting greater autonomy to employees. Managers who are concerned that autonomy’s capacity to increase innovation capability may come at the expense of intra-organisational communication can be assured that intra-organisation communications can exist in the face of autonomy, and there is no real trade-off after all. Similarly, there is no basis for any concern for potential trade-off between exploration of new knowledge and exploitation of existing knowledge in organisations.Originality/value– Research suggests that autonomy of subsidiaries, units, groups or individuals encourages innovation, and that innovation strategy can enhance organisational performance. However, there is a counter-argument that same autonomy potentially hinders exploitation and performance of innovations. The study sheds more light on these anecdotal views based on data from ITVs.
Driver turnover research: exploring the missing angle with a global perspective
Authors: Sersland Daniel , Nataraajan Rajan 
Published: August 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to investigate and contribute to the understanding of the critical issue of “driver turnover” in the USA long-haul trucking environment which is becoming a malaise in the transportation sector not only in the USA but also worldwide. Most importantly, it accomplishes this through an exploration of the perceptions of the “drivers” themselves regarding the external customer-base in the trucking industry. This, to the best knowledge of the authors, has not yet been done and so becomes the missing angle in focus on driver turnover research.Design/methodology/approach– This exploratory study employs a qualitative research methodology via in-depth interviews of a select sample of drivers in a field setting followed by content analysis of the responses. This methodology, by and large, is the most suitable for this type of exploration.Findings– A content analysis of the perceptions of drivers reveals several important reasons (or causes) for driver turnover. This paper elaborates on those and offers customer-centric solutions to alleviate the plight of the driver and improve overall performance in the trucking sector.Research limitations/implications– Needless to say, this exploratory research should be replicated in several other locations within the USA, other settings (e.g. trucking in extreme conditions), and other countries in order to enhance the external validity of the findings and recommendations.Practical implications– All implications of this research are practical as they have direct managerial significance.Originality/value– The value of this research lies in the fact that, to the best knowledge of the authors, this is the first study that explores the perceptions of long-haul drivers regarding the external customer-base of the trucking industry. The findings have direct implications for management in the trucking sector.