bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Integrative Approach to Value‐Added Planning: From Community Needs to Local Authority Revenue
Authors: Cilliers Elizelle Juaneé , Timmermans Wim 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe concept of value‐added planning (as part of the Valuing Attractive Landscapes in the Urban Economy, INTERREG IVB North West Europe Project) is introduced in this paper to facilitate integrative planning, focusing on the benefits that use and non‐use green spaces can provide to an urban area. The aim is to stress the need to plan for, and protect, green spaces in urban areas by determining the economic values connected to the green spaces and relate that values to community benefit and local authority revenue. The paper identifies tools that can be used to determine the economic value of green spaces based on the environmental, social, and economic benefits. The first section (value) refers to the social value of green spaces as determined from the public perspective and introduces the workbench method as a tool to assist with participatory planning and capturing of the social benefits of green spaces. The second section (added) refers to the environmental benefits of green spaces and, by means of the Green Credit Tool, introduces ways to ensure the protection of the green resources in an area. The final section (planning) refers to the economic benefit of green space, bringing use values and non‐use values of green spaces together. The paper concludes with an integrative framework for value‐added planning, incorporating all the tools presented in the paper, capturing the social, environmental, and economic benefits of green spaces and relating it to community benefit and local authority revenue.
Organic cultivation system of corn–triticale rotation using white clover living mulch
Authors: Deguchi Shin , Uozumi Sunao , Kaneko Makoto , Touno Eiko 
Published: May 2015

AbstractWe conducted an on‐farm experiment to establish corn–triticale rotational cropping system for producing organic forage, using white clover living mulch (LM). A 2‐ha experimental field has been managed according to the Japanese Agricultural Standard for organic feed production since 2003, and two cropping systems (LM and tillage cultivation [TC]) combined with two compost application methods (with and without compost application before planting) were tested as four corn cultivation treatments from 2008 to 2009. White clover was sown in the autumn of 2008, and corn was cultivated from June to October 2009 using the four treatments and without any application of chemical herbicides and fertilizers. After the corn harvest, the two treatments of compost application were set up again within each corn cultivation treatment, resulting in a total of eight treatments. Triticale was cultivated in those treatments from October 2009 to June 2010, without chemical herbicides or fertilizers. The results of the treatments showed that LM suppressed weed growth and increased nitrogen (N) uptake and yield of corn compared to the TC treatment. The dry matter yields of corn were the highest and the dry weight of the weeds were the lowest in the LM treatment with compost application before planting. Furthermore, the positive effect of LM on N supply was preserved during the cropping of triticale. Therefore, we concluded that the total dry matter yield of forage crops in corn–triticale rotation could be increased by using white clover LM with compost application to suppress weed growth and to increase the N uptake both of the main and succeeding crops. White clover LM is a useful cultivation technique for organic production of forage crops.
Hepatic flares promote rapid decline of serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in patients with HBsAg seroclearance: A long‐term follow‐up study
Authors: Nagaoka Shinya , Abiru Seigo , Komori Atsumasa , Sasaki Ryu , Bekki Shigemune , Hashimoto Satoru , Saeki Akira , Yamasaki Kazumi , Migita Kiyoshi , Nakamura Minoru , Ezaki Hironori , Yatsuhashi Hiroshi 
Published: May 2015

AimSerum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroclearance is one of the ultimate goals of management of chronic hepatitis B. We investigated the kinetics of serum HBsAg before HBsAg seroclearance in patients with chronic hepatitis B.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 392 Japanese chronic hepatitis B patients who had been followed for 5 years or more between 1980 and 2000. Serum HBsAg levels were measured annually using chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay.ResultsDuring a median follow up of 14 years, 50 patients demonstrated HBsAg seroclearance (annual incidence rate, 0.91%). Multivariate analysis with baseline characteristics revealed that HBsAg of less than 3.3 log IU/mL (hazard ratio [HR], 2.22; P = 0.008) and treatment with nucleoside/nucleotide analog (HR, 0.12; P = 0.001) were independent predictive factors for seroclearance. The median HBsAg levels at 20, 10, 5, 3 and 1 year prior to seroclearance were 3.89, 2.84, 1.84, 0.78 and −1.10 log IU/mL, respectively. The rapid decline group, comprising patients who achieved HBsAg seroclearance within 5 years after confirmed HBsAg levels of 2 log IU/mL, demonstrated: (i) high alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels; and (ii) a low frequency of liver cirrhosis progression. A significant reduction in annual HBsAg levels was found in years marked by at least one ALT flare (ALT ≥200 IU/L) (flare [+], n = 62) than in those without (flare [−], n = 323) (0.29 vs 0.17 log IU/mL/year, P = 0.003).ConclusionHepatic flares promoted rapid declines and greater annual reductions of HBsAg levels in patients with HBsAg seroclearance.
Prognostic value of chromosomal translocations in small‐bowel diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Ikegami Koji , Nakamura Shotaro , Esaki Motohiro , Yanai Shunichi , Hirahashi Minako , Oda Yoshinao , Takeshita Morishige , Matsumoto Takayuki , Kitazono Takanari 
Published: May 2015

AimsThe objective of this study was to investigate the incidence and clinical significance of lymphoma‐associated chromosomal translocations, particularly those involving the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene (IGH) locus, in patients with small‐bowel diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL).Methods and resultsTranslocations involving IGH, bcl‐6, MYC and bcl‐2 were investigated with interphase fluorescence in‐situ hybridization on paraffin‐embedded tissues in 35 patients with primary small‐bowel DLBCL, and the overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) rates were evaluated with the Kaplan–Meier method. Translocations involving IGH, bcl‐6, MYC and bcl‐2 were detected in 23 (70%), 12 (36%), eight (24%) and six (18%) of 33 cases, respectively. The patients with IGH translocations showed less frequent relapse or progression of lymphoma (17%) than those without (60%, P = 0.034). Univariate analyses demonstrated that young age, a low international prognostic index, translocations involving IGH, extra copies of MALT1/bcl‐2 and bcl‐6 immunoexpression were significantly associated with better OS and PFS. Cox multivariate analysis revealed translocations involving IGH to constitute an independent prognostic factor for better PFS, but not better OS.ConclusionsTranslocations involving IGH are frequent in cases of small‐bowel DLBCL. These translocations may be predictive of a favourable clinical course.
The number and ratio of positive lymph nodes affect pancreatic cancer patient survival after neoadjuvant therapy and pancreaticoduodenectomy
Authors: Fischer Laurice K , Katz Matthew H , Lee Sun M , Liu Li , Wang Hua , Varadhachary Gauri R , Wolff Robert A , Lee Jeffrey E , Maitra Anirban , Roland Christina L , Fleming Jason B , Estrella Jeannelyn , Rashid Asif , Wang Huamin 
Published: May 2015

AimsThis study is to examine the significance of the number and ratio of positive nodes in post‐neoadjuvant therapy pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).Methods and resultsOur study population consisted of 398 consecutive PDAC patients, who completed neoadjuvant therapy and PD between 1999 and 2012. Lymph node status was classified as ypN0 (node‐negative), ypN1 (1–2 positive nodes) and ypN2 (≥3 positive nodes) and correlated with disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). The ypN0, ypN1 and ypN2 was present in 183 (46.0%), 117 (29.4%) and 98 (24.6%) patients, respectively. Additionally, 162 (40.7%) had a lymph node ratio (LNR) ≤0.19 and 53 (13.3%) had a LNR >0.19. Patients with ypN1 disease had shorter DFS and OS than those with ypN0 disease, but better DFS and OS than those with ypN2 disease (P < 0.05). Similarly, patients with a LNR ≤ 0.19 had better DFS and OS than those with a LNR > 0.19 (P < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, both the number of positive nodes and LNR were independent prognostic factors for DFS and OS.ConclusionsSubclassification of post‐therapy node‐positive group into ypN1 (1–2 positive nodes) and ypN2 (≥3 positive nodes) should be incorporated into the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging of PDAC patients.
CD 30‐positive transformed follicular lymphoma: two case reports and literature review
Authors: Montes‐Moreno Santiago , Climent Fina , González de Villambrosía Sonia , González Barca Eva M , Batlle Ana , Insunza Andrés , Pané‐Foix María , Colorado Mercedes , Martin‐Sánchez Guillermo , Espiga Carlos Richard , Conde Eulogio , Piris Miguel A 
Published: May 2015

AimsHere we report two cases of follicular lymphoma that transformed to CD30 positive diffuse large B cell lymphoma and review the literature on this topic.ResultsThe first case represents an example of early transformation of conventional low‐grade follicular lymphoma to CD30‐positive large B cell lymphoma. Immunoglobulin (Ig)H and cytogenetic identity was demonstrated between both components. High‐dose and auto‐stem cell transplant (SCT) was applied and complete response was achieved. The second case represents an example of d'emblee transformation of intrafollicular neoplasia to CD30‐positive large B cell lymphoma. Immunoglobulin K deleting element (IgKde) and cytogenetic identity between both phases was demonstrated. The patient was in partial response after four cycles of rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone (R‐CHOP).ConclusionsCD30 expression was found to be associated in these cases to the transformation event and could be considered a therapeutic target to add to conventional immunochemotherapeutic regimens, even in combination with auto‐SCT. We suggest looking for CD30 expression in transformed follicular lymphoma cases.
1. INTRODUCTION: ASSESSING NARRATIVISM
Authors: SIMON ZOLTÁN BOLDIZSÁR , KUUKKANEN JOUNI‐MATTI 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTIn this introductory essay we briefly discuss three issues. First, we take stock of and pay tribute to the main achievements of narrativism, on the one hand. On the other hand, we also note its weariness as a scholarly project and argue that the philosophy of history is gradually moving toward a broadly understood postnarrativist stage and a period of renewed theoretical innovation. Next, as a part of this shift, we briefly introduce the forum contributions and discuss how they relate to narrativism. Finally, in place of a conclusion we offer some thoughts on where the philosophy of history might be heading after narrativism has ceased to be the integrative framework of diverging theoretical enterprises.
2. NEVER THE TWAIN SHALL MEET? HOW NARRATIVISM AND EXPERIENCE CAN BE RECONCILED BY DIALOGICAL ETHICS
Authors: FROEYMAN ANTON 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTIn this article, I question the unspoken assumption in historical theory that there is a trade‐off between language or narrative, on the one hand, and experience or presence, on the other. Both critics and proponents of historical experience seem to presuppose that this is indeed the case. I argue that this is not necessarily true, and I analyze how the opposition between language and experience in historical theory can be overcome. More specifically, I identify the necessary conditions for a philosophy of language that can be the basis for this. Second, I will also suggest and present one specific instance of such a solution. I argue that the existential philosophies of language of Martin Buber and Emmanuel Levinas can be exactly the kind of theory we need. For Buber and Levinas, language is not a means for accessing reality, but rather a medium of encounters between human beings. I present Levinas's and Buber's arguments, discuss how their views could be applied to the writing of history, and assess what the resulting picture of the writing of history could look like.
3. THE EXPRESSION OF HISTORICAL EXPERIENCE
Authors: SIMON ZOLTÁN BOLDIZSÁR 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTThe theory and philosophy of history (just like philosophy in general) has established a dogmatic dilemma regarding the issue of language and experience: either you have an immediate experience separated from language, or you have language without any experiential basis. In other words, either you have an immediate experience that is and must remain mute and ineffable, or you have language and linguistic conceptualization that precedes experience, provides the condition of possibility of it, and thus, in a certain sense, produces it. Either you join forces with the few and opt for such mute experiences, or you go with the flow of narrative philosophy of history and the impossibility of immediacy. Either way, you end up postulating a mutual hostility between the nonlinguistic and language, and, more important, you remain unable to account for new insights and change. Contrary to this and in relation to history, I am going to talk about something nonlinguistic—historical experience—and about how such historical experience could productively interact with language in giving birth to novel historical representations. I am going to suggest that, under a theory of expression, a more friendly relationship can be established between experience and language: a relationship in which they are not hostile to but rather desperately need each other. To explain the occurrence of new insights and historiographical change, I will talk about a process of expression as sense‐formation and meaning‐constitution in history, and condense the theory into a struck‐through “of,” as the expression of historical experience.
ASSESSING (AND NOT ASSESSING) THE ITALIAN CONTRIBUTION TO HISTORIOGRAPHY AND POLITICAL THOUGHT
Authors: Roberts David D. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTEdited by Giuseppe Galasso, one of Italy's most distinguished historians, this large volume seeks to convey the Italian contribution to historiography and political thought from the dawn of the Middle Ages into the present century, though it is overwhelmingly concentrated on the centuries since 1400. It includes six overview essays, but over 70 percent of its bulk consists of short articles, 108 in all, the vast majority on individual figures, and most of them five to seven pages in length. Whereas the approach, through individual figures, makes the volume especially valuable as a reference work, the approach also entails limitations making it hard to delineate and assess a distinctively Italian contribution. Readers must often connect the dots on their own if they are to discern the strands of a distinctive tradition. In his introductory overview, Galasso suggests a special Italian sensitivity to history, or capacity for the philosophy of history, but the suggestion is left vague and is followed up only in the most ad hoc way in the subsequent essays. The book offers little on how Italian idiosyncrasy might have either compromised or enhanced wider impact. Although the extent of Italian international interaction is well documented, there is little attention to reciprocity and the scope for synergy. Nor is there much assessment of the implications of changes in the valences of that interaction over the centuries, especially in breeding self‐criticism and sometimes compensatory myth‐making that might have further complicated the resonance of Italian offerings. But the volume demonstrates the richness of the Italian contribution and implicitly invites us to better encompass it, perhaps through comparative work and further research on multinational interplay.
Comparison of two different strategies of treatment with zoledronate in HIV‐infected patients with low bone mineral density: single dose versus two doses in 2 years
Authors: Negredo E , Bonjoch A , Pérez‐Álvarez N , Ornelas A , Puig J , Herrero C , Estany C , del Río L , di Gregorio S , Echeverría P , Clotet B 
Published: May 2015

ObjectivesGiven the need for easily managed treatment of osteoporosis in HIV‐infected patients, we evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of two doses of zoledronate, by comparing three groups of patients: those with annual administration, those with biennial administration (one dose in 2 years) and a control group with no administration of zoledronate.MethodsWe randomized (2:1) 31 patients on antiretroviral therapy with low bone mineral density (BMD) to zoledronate (5 mg administered intravenously; 21 patients) plus diet counselling and to a control group (diet counselling; 10 patients). At week 48, patients treated with zoledronate were randomized again to receive a second dose (two‐dose group; n = 12) or to continue with diet counselling only (single‐dose group; n = 9). Changes in lumbar spine and hip BMD and bone turnover markers were compared.ResultsThe median percentage change from baseline to week 96 in L1−L4 BMD was −1.74% [interquartile range (IQR) −2.56, 3.60%], 7.90% (IQR 4.20, 16.57%) and 5.22% (IQR 2.02, 7.28%) in the control, two‐dose and single‐dose groups, respectively (P < 0.01, control vs. two doses; P = 0.02, control vs. single dose; P = 0.18, two doses vs. single dose). Hip BMD changed by a median of 2.12% (IQR −0.12, 3.08%), 5.16% (IQR 3.06, 6.74%) and 4.47% (IQR 1, 5.58%), respectively (P = 0.04, control vs. two doses; P = 0.34, two doses vs. single dose). No differences between the two‐dose and single‐dose groups were detected in bone markers at week 96.ConclusionsThe benefits for BMD of a single dose of zoledronate in 2 years may be comparable to those obtained with two doses of the drug after 96 weeks, although this study is insufficiently powered to exclude a real difference. Future studies should explore whether biennial administration of zoledronate is a useful alternative in the treatment of osteoporosis in HIV‐infected patients.
Efficacy of mepivacaine–tramadol combination on the success of inferior alveolar nerve blocks in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Rodríguez‐Wong L. , Pozos‐Guillen A. , Silva‐Herzog D. , Chavarría‐Bolaños D. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAimTo compare the success of an inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) after injecting a combination of mepivacaine and tramadol or mepivacaine alone in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis (SIP) in mandibular permanent molars.MethodologyThis study was a double‐blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Two study groups were selected, each consisting of 28 patients who exhibited SIP on the first or second mandibular molars. All included patients presented with moderate‐to‐severe preoperative pain according to the modified Heft‐Parker visual analogue scale (VAS). Patients were anaesthetized using the IANB technique employing identical cartridges that contained either 1.3 mL of 2% mepivacaine with epinephrine 1 : 100 000 plus 0.5 mL of tramadol 50 mg mL−1 (experimental group) or 1.8 mL of 2% mepivacaine with epinephrine 1 : 100 000 (control group). After 15 min, anaesthesia was evaluated by a progressive four‐test examination, that is numbness of the lip, positive or negative cold test, asymptomatic management of dental hard tissues and access to dental pulp. Success of the IANB was defined as the absence of pain during any of these evaluations. The data were analysed with a chi‐square, Fisher's or Mann–Whitney U test.ResultsA total of 74 patients were initially assessed, with 56 patients eventually included and 18 excluded. No significant differences in age (P = 0.384) or gender (P = 1) were found between the two groups. The success rates of anaesthesia with the IANB for the experimental and control groups were 57.1 and 46.4%, respectively. The success rate of anaesthesia in the experimental group was not significantly different (P ˃ 0.05) from that of the control group. The duration of the anaesthetic effect was significantly longer for the experimental group (P = 0.026).ConclusionThe combination of mepivacaine–tramadol achieved similar success rates for IANB when compared to mepivacaine 2% epinephrine 1 : 100 000. There was no significant difference in the anaesthetic efficacy between the control and experimental solutions, and none of the solutions tested were completely successful.
The origin of endodontic Enterococcus faecalis explored by comparison of virulence factor patterns and antibiotic resistance to that of isolates from stool samples, blood cultures and food
Authors: Vidana R. , Rashid M. U. , Özenci V. , Weintraub A. , Lund B. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAimTo elucidate the origin of Enterococcus faecalis isolated from secondary root canal infections and the possibility for a foodborne transmission by comparing them to strains recovered from food, blood and stool regarding putative virulence factors and antibiotic susceptibility profiles, where strains from common origin were hypothesized to harbour similar characteristics.MethodologyA total of 108 E. faecalis strains recovered in the county of Stockholm, Sweden, were screened using PCR for putative virulence factors esp, cylA, gelE/gelatinase‐negative phenotype (ef1841/fsrC), efaA, ace and asa1. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for ampicillin, piperacillin–tazobactam, imipenem, gentamicin, vancomycin, ciprofloxacin and linezolid was determined using the agar dilution method.ResultsNext to strains from blood, the food isolates presented the highest average number of virulence determinants and were frequently enriched with asa1 coding for aggregation substance. None of the endodontic strains carried cylA, and the gelatinase‐negative phenotype caused by a deletion dominated the group. Altogether, the most prevalent genes were gelE, efaA and ace, and a combination of them was equally present in approximately 80% of the strains from food, stool and root canals in comparison with 43.3% of the blood isolates. High‐level resistance to ciprofloxacin and gentamicin was observed in 30% of the blood isolates, whereas the isolates from other origins, with single exceptions, were susceptible to all tested antibiotics.ConclusionsEvidence for a foodborne transmission, explaining the high reported prevalence of E. faecalis in root filled teeth, could not be determined based on the similarities in virulence factor patterns and antibiotic susceptibility. The only linkage between isolates from food and root canals consisted of a shared common combination of the genes gelE, efaA and ace. The high occurrence of putative virulence traits in food isolates questions the safety of E. faecalis in food products.