bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digital pseudo-random modulation: a key to EMI reduction in EVS boost converters
Authors: M'barki Zakaria , Salih Ali Ait , Mejdoub Youssef , Rhazi Kaoutar Senhaji 
Published: July 2024

<span lang="EN-US">Pseudo-random position pulse modulation (RPPM) technique can be implemented either analogically using pseudo-random binary sequences (PRBS) to generate a pulse-width modulation (PWM) control signal or digitally through an Arduino Uno board. It plays a critical role in mitigating conducted electromagnetic emissions (EMI) in boost converters dedicated to electric vehicle systems (EVS) applications. The digital implementation offers a significant advantage by enabling a substantial widening of the frequency spectrum of the control signal. This expanded spectral range results in a noticeable reduction in emitted electromagnetic interference (EMI), making the digital method the preferred choice. The increased spectral bandwidth effectively mitigates EMI, which is particularly advantageous for EMI-sensitive EVS systems. In conclusion, the digital pseudo-random modulation approach, facilitated by Arduino Uno, proves to be more effective in reducing EMI in EVS boost converters. Its capability to broaden the control signal's frequency spectrum leads to a favorable reduction in emitted EMI, ultimately enhancing electromagnetic compatibility and overall system performance.</span><br /><div align="center"> </div>
Suppletion in Global Perspective
Authors: Brodkin Dan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This paper documents and analyzes a system of suppletive alternations that are conditioned by top-down prosodic context. In Mandar (Austronesian), seven heads supplete at the right edge of the phonological phrase to satisfy an output constraint on foot structure. When phrase-external phonological context makes it possible to resolve this output constraint in a more optimal way, this suppletion is suspended. These effects suggest that the mechanism which regulates suppletion, vocabulary insertion, must be situated within a phonological calculus that can access global context and respond to output constraints.
Biophysical characterization of the phase separation of TDP-43 devoid of the C-terminal domain
Authors: Staderini Tommaso , Bigi Alessandra , Lagrève Clément , Marzi Isabella , Bemporad Francesco , Chiti Fabrizio 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Frontotemporal lobar degeneration with ubiquitin-positive inclusions (FTLD-TDP), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy (LATE) are associated with deposition of cytoplasmic inclusions of TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) in neurons. One complexity of this process lies in the ability of TDP-43 to form liquid-phase membraneless organelles in cells. Previous work has shown that the recombinant, purified, prion-like domain (PrLD) forms liquid droplets in vitro, but the behaviour of the complementary fragment is uncertain.

Methods
We have purified such a construct without the PrLD (PrLD-less TDP-43) and have induced its phase separation using a solution-jump method and an array of biophysical techniques to study the morphology, state of matter and structure of the TDP-43 assemblies.

Results
The fluorescent TMR-labelled protein construct, imaged using confocal fluorescence, formed rapidly (< 1 min) round, homogeneous and 0.5–1.0 µm wide assemblies which then coalesced into larger, yet round, species. When labelled with AlexaFluor488, they initially exhibited fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP), showing a liquid behaviour distinct from full-length TDP-43 and similar to PrLD. The protein molecules did not undergo major structural changes, as determined with circular dichroism and intrinsic fluorescence spectroscopies. This process had a pH and salt dependence distinct from those of full-length TDP-43 and its PrLD, which can be rationalized on the grounds of electrostatic forces.

Conclusions
Similarly to PrLD, PrLD-less TDP-43 forms liquid droplets in vitro through liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS), unlike the full-length protein that rather undergoes liquid–solid phase separation (LSPS). These results offer a rationale of the complex electrostatic forces governing phase separation of full-length TDP-43 and its fragments. On the one hand, PrLD-less TDP-43 has a low pI and oppositively charged domains, and LLPS is inhibited by salts, which attenuate inter-domain electrostatic attractions. On the other hand, PrLD is positively charged due to a high isoionic point (pI) and LLPS is therefore promoted by salts and pH increases as they both reduce electrostatic repulsions. By contrast, full-length TDP-43 undergoes LSPS most favourably at its pI, with positive and negative salt dependences at lower and higher pH, respectively, depending on whether repulsive or attractive forces dominate, respectively.
Enhancing SNV identification in whole-genome sequencing data through the incorporation of known genetic variants into the minimap2 index
Authors: Guguchkin Egor , Kasianov Artem , Belenikin Maksim , Zobkova Gaukhar , Kosova Ekaterina , Makeev Vsevolod , Karpulevich Evgeny 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Motivation
Alignment of reads to a reference genome sequence is one of the key steps in the analysis of human whole-genome sequencing data obtained through Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies. The quality of the subsequent steps of the analysis, such as the results of clinical interpretation of genetic variants or the results of a genome-wide association study, depends on the correct identification of the position of the read as a result of its alignment. The amount of human NGS whole-genome sequencing data is constantly growing. There are a number of human genome sequencing projects worldwide that have resulted in the creation of large-scale databases of genetic variants of sequenced human genomes. Such information about known genetic variants can be used to improve the quality of alignment at the read alignment stage when analysing sequencing data obtained for a new individual, for example, by creating a genomic graph. While existing methods for aligning reads to a linear reference genome have high alignment speed, methods for aligning reads to a genomic graph have greater accuracy in variable regions of the genome. The development of a read alignment method that takes into account known genetic variants in the linear reference sequence index allows combining the advantages of both sets of methods.

Results
In this paper, we present the minimap2_index_modifier tool, which enables the construction of a modified index of a reference genome using known single nucleotide variants and insertions/deletions (indels) specific to a given human population. The use of the modified minimap2 index improves variant calling quality without modifying the bioinformatics pipeline and without significant additional computational overhead. Using the PrecisionFDA Truth Challenge V2 benchmark data (for HG002 short-read data aligned to the GRCh38 linear reference (GCA_000001405.15) with parameters k = 27 and w = 14) it was demonstrated that the number of false negative genetic variants decreased by more than 9500, and the number of false positives decreased by more than 7000 when modifying the index with genetic variants from the Human Pangenome Reference Consortium.
Biochemical characterisation and production kinetics of high molecular-weight (HMW) putative antibacterial proteins of insect pathogenic Brevibacillus laterosporus isolates
Authors: Babar Tauseef K. , Glare Travis R. , Hampton John G. , Hurst Mark R. H. , Narciso Josefina 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Bacterial genomes often encode structures similar to phage capsids (encapsulins) and phage tails which can be induced spontaneously or using genotoxic compounds such as mitomycin C. These high molecular-weight (HMW) putative antibacterial proteins (ABPs) are used against the competitive strains under natural environment. Previously, it was unknown whether these HMW putative ABPs originating from the insect pathogenic Gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium Brevibacillus laterosporus (Bl) isolates (1821L, 1951) are spontaneously induced during the growth and pose a detrimental effect on their own survival. Furthermore, no prior work has been undertaken to determine their biochemical characteristics.

Results
Using a soft agar overlay method with polyethylene glycol precipitation, a narrow spectrum of bioactivity was found from the precipitated lysate of Bl 1951. Electron micrographs of mitomycin C- induced filtrates showed structures similar to phage capsids and contractile tails. Bioactivity assays of cell free supernatants (CFS) extracted during the growth of Bl 1821L and Bl 1951 suggested spontaneous induction of these HMW putative ABPs with an autocidal activity. Sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of spontaneously induced putative ABPs showed appearance of ~ 30 kDa and ~ 48 kDa bands of varying intensity across all the time intervals during the bacterial growth except in the initial hours. Statistically, spontaneously induced HMW putative ABPs of Bl 1951 exhibited a significant decrease in the number of viable cells of its producer strain after 18 h of growth in liquid. In addition, a significant change in pH and prominent bioactivity of the CFS of this particular time period was noted. Biochemically, the filtered supernatant derived from either Bl 1821L or Bl 1951 maintained bioactivity over a wide range of pH and temperature.

Conclusion
This study reports the spontaneous induction of HMW putative ABPs (bacteriocins) of Bl 1821L and Bl 1951 isolates during the course of growth with potential autocidal activity which is critically important during production as a potential biopesticide. A narrow spectrum of putative antibacterial activity of Bl 1951 precipitate was found. The stability of HMW putative ABPs of Bl 1821L and Bl 1951 over a wide range of pH and temperature can be useful in expanding the potential of this useful bacterium beyond the insecticidal value.
Identification of volatile metabolites produced from levodopa metabolism by different bacteria strains of the gut microbiome
Authors: Pennington Taylor , Eshima Jarrett , Smith Barbara S. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractInterspecies pathways in the gut microbiome have been shown to metabolize levodopa, the primary treatment for Parkinson’s disease, and reduce its bioavailability. While the enzymatic reactions have been identified, the ability to establish the resulting macromolecules as biomarkers of microbial metabolism remains technically challenging. In this study, we leveraged an untargeted mass spectrometry-based approach to investigate volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced during levodopa metabolism by Enterococcus faecalis, Clostridium sporogenes, and Eggerthella lenta. We cultured these organisms with and without their respective bioactive metabolites and detected levodopa-induced shifts in VOC profiles. We then utilized bioinformatics to identify significant differences in 2,6-dimethylpyrazine, 4,6-dimethylpyrimidine, and 4,5-dimethylpyrimidine associated with its biotransformation. Supplementing cultures with inhibitors of levodopa-metabolizing enzymes revealed specific modulation of levodopa-associated diazines, verifying their relationship to its metabolism. Furthermore, functional group analysis depicts strain-specific VOC profiles that reflect interspecies differences in metabolic activity that can be leveraged to assess microbiome functionality in individual patients. Collectively, this work identifies previously uncharacterized metabolites of microbe-mediated levodopa metabolism to determine potential indicators of this activity and further elucidate the metabolic capabilities of different gut bacteria.
Uric acid to albumin ratio as a novel predictor for coronary slow flow phenomenon in patients with chronic coronary syndrome and non-obstructive coronary arteries
Authors: Zhang Xiao-jiao , Hou Ai-jie , Luan Bo , Wang Cheng-fu , Li Jia-jin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
The plasma uric acid to albumin ratio (UAR) is considered as a novel indicator for Inflammation. However, the association between UAR and coronary slow flow phenomenon (CSFP) remains unclear.

Methods
A total of 1328 individuals with chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) receiving coronary angiography (CAG) and found no obvious obstructive stenosis (< 40%) were included in this study. 79 individuals developed CSFP and were divided into CSFP group. The 1:2 age-matched patients with normal coronary blood flow were allocated to the control group (n = 158). The clinical characteristics, laboratory parameters including uric acid, albumin ratio, UAR and the angiographic characteristics were compared between the two groups.

Results
Patients with CSFP had a higher level of uric acid (392.3 ± 85.3 vs. 273.8 ± 71.5, P < 0.001), UAR (10.7 ± 2.2 vs. 7.2 ± 1.9, P < 0.001), but a lower level of plasma albumin (36.9 ± 4.2 vs. 38.5 ± 3.6, P = 0.003). Moreover, UAR increased as the numbers of vessels involved in CSFP increased. The logistic regression analysis demonstrated that UAR was independent predictors for CSFP. The Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that when UAR was more than 7.9, the AUC was 0.883 (95% CI: 0.840–0.927, p < 0.001), with the sensitivity and specificity were 78.2% and 88.2% respectively.

Conclusion
Combined uric acid with plasma albumin, UAR could serve as an independent predictor for CSFP.
Carbon-ion radiotherapy alone vs. standard dose photon radiation with carbon-ion radiotherapy boost for high-grade gliomas: a retrospective study
Authors: Li XiaoJun , Zhang YanShan , Ye YanCheng , Tian SuQing , Hu TingChao , Chai HongYu , Zhang TianE , Wen Faxin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to compare the survival outcome and side effects in patients with primary high-grade glioma (HGG) who received carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) alone or as a boost strategy after photon radiation (photon + CIRTboost).

Patients and methods
Thirty-four (34) patients with histologically confirmed HGG and received CIRT alone or Photon + CIRTboost, with concurrent temozolomide between 2020.03–2023.08 in Wuwei Cancer Hospital & Institute, China were retrospectively reviewed. Overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and acute and late toxicities were analyzed and compared.

Results
Eight WHO grade 3 and 26 grade 4 patients were included in the analysis. The median PFS in the CIRT alone and Photon + CIRTboost groups were 15 and 19 months respectively for all HGG cases, and 15 and 17.5 months respectively for grade 4 cases. The median OS in the CIRT alone and Photon + CIRTboost groups were 28 and 31 months respectively for all HGG cases, and 21 and 19 months respectively for grade 4 cases. No significant difference in these survival outcomes was observed between the CIRT alone and Photon + CIRTboost groups. Only grade 1 acute toxicities were observed in CIRT alone and Photon + CIRTboost groups. CIRT alone group had a significantly lower ratio of acute toxicities compared to Photon + CIRTboost (3/18 vs. 9/16, p = 0.03). No significant difference in late toxicities was observed.

Conclusion
Both CIRT alone and Photon + CIRTboost with concurrent temozolomide are safe, without significant differences in PFS and OS in HGG patients. It is meaningful to explore whether dose escalation of CIRTboost might improve survival outcomes of HGG patients in future randomized trials.
Assessing risk for severe domestic violence and related homicides perpetrated by partners and in-laws: adapted danger assessments for women in abusive relationships in India
Authors: Sabri Bushra , Campbell Jacquelyn C. , Khan Naseem Ahmad , Tahir Mohammad , Khan Mohd Arif , Khan Mohd Naseem 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDespite domestic violence and related homicides perpetrated by partners and/or in-laws being a significant public health problem in India, there are no reliable and valid instruments to identify and intervene with women in domestic violence relationships. Continued domestic violence can escalate to severe, near-lethal, or lethal violence or homicide. The Danger Assessment (DA) is a risk assessment instrument designed to assess the likelihood of severe, near-lethal, or lethal violence in abusive relationships. However, the DA is not designed to determine the risk of future severe, near-lethal, or lethal violence by in-laws. In-law abuse plays a significant role in domestic violence-related homicides in India and other countries with similar cultural norms. This study addressed this gap by developing the Danger Assessment for in-laws (DA-L) to assess risk from in-laws, alongside the Danger Assessment for Women in India (DA-WI) to assess risk from partners. The study also examined the psychometric properties of the DA-L and DA-WI. Longitudinal data from 150 women in India were used to measure the reliability and validity of the two versions of the DA. The original DA items and additional risk items were examined using relative risk ratios for their relationship with severe violence at three-month follow-ups. Predictive validity was tested with the receiver operating characteristic curve. The study resulted in reliable and valid measures (11 items DA-L and 26-items DA-WI) of risk. The versions of the DA can be useful for practitioners in India and those working with Indian women in the US and other countries. The DAs can be used for identifying women in domestic violence relationships who are at risk for future severe domestic violence and guide the provision of tailored safety plans.
Quality of different obturation techniques to fill perforating internal root resorption: a micro-computed tomographic study
Authors: Sadat Shaimaa Mohamed Abu El , Chew Hooi Pin , Fok Alex , Elashiry Mohamed Mohamed , ElShenawy Ahmed M. , Saber Shehabeldin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to assess the quality of various obturation techniques to fill perforation caused by internal root resorption using Micro-computed Tomography.

Methods
Cone-beam computed tomography images of a maxillary central incisor tooth with perforating internal resorptive defect were used to create a 3D printed model of the affected tooth. The replicas were divided into four groups based on the obturation technique used. The techniques included Group 1: a polydimethylsiloxane-based sealer (GuttaFlow-2) with gutta-percha. Group 2: same as Group 1 except for using a pre-mixed Bioceramic-based sealer (NeoSEALER Flo). Group 3: the defect was filled entirely using the NeoSealer Flo Bioceramic-based sealer. Group 4: the samples were obturated using the warm vertical compaction technique with a resin-based sealer (ADSeal). The resin models were then scanned a micro-computed scanner to evaluate the percentage of voids in each group.

Results
The results showed that NeoSEALER Flo groups had significantly the highest volume of voids while GuttaFlow-2 and warm vertical compaction groups had the lowest void volume.

Conclusions
GuttaFlow-2 and warm vertical compaction techniques performed best in filling the internal resorptive defect.
Associations between the keratinized mucosa width and the underlying alveolar bone dimensions at partial edentulous molar sites: a retrospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Han Ziyao , Wang Cui , Wei Yiping , Yang Gang , Hu Wenjie , Chung Kwok-Hung 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
The assessment of hard and soft tissue at edentulous sites is important for subsequent implant treatment design. The aim of the present study was to explore the associations between the keratinized mucosa width (KMW) and the underlying alveolar bone dimensions at partial edentulous molar sites.

Methods
In this retrospective study, a total of 110 patients with at least one missing molar were selected. The buccal KMW of the edentulous molar sites was evaluated. Cone-beam computed tomography scans were collected, and the height discrepancy between the alveolar crest and the buccal bone plate (HC−B) as well as the alveolar bone height (ABH) were measured. The KMW was compared among the HC−B and ABH groups at both maxillary and mandibular sites. Linear regression and generalized estimation equations (GEEs) were used to explore the associations between the KMW and alveolar bone dimensions at α = 0.05.

Results
Among the 110 patients, 158 edentulous molar sites were analyzed. The average HC−B and ABH were significantly lower at the maxillary sites (1.26 ± 1.62 mm, 11.62 ± 3.94 mm) than at the mandibular sites (3.67 ± 2.85 mm, 14.91 ± 3.01 mm, p < 0.001). The KMW was significantly lower at sites with HC−B > 2 mm than at sites with HC−B ≤ 2 mm both in the maxilla and mandible (p < 0.001). No significant differences were found between the KMW at sites with ABH < 10 mm and sites with ABH ≥ 10 mm (p > 0.05). Linear regression and GEEs analyses revealed that the HC−B was significantly associated with the KMW (B = -0.339, p < 0.001), while the association between the KMW and the ABH was not statistically significant (B = -0.046, p = 0.352).

Conclusions
The buccal KMW at edentulous molar sites was significantly associated with the HC−B. Alveolar ridges presenting with a sloped configuration were more prone to possess a narrower band of keratinized mucosa. Both hard and soft tissue augmentation should be considered for implant treatment at these sites. The correlations of dynamic changes between the KMW and alveolar bone dimensions after tooth extraction should be further investigated.
The impact of physical activity and exercise interventions on symptoms for women experiencing menopause: overview of reviews
Authors: Money Annemarie , MacKenzie Aylish , Norman Gill , Eost-Telling Charlotte , Harris Danielle , McDermott Jane , Todd Chris 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Women experiencing problematic menopausal symptoms report lower health-related quality of life and greater healthcare use than women without symptoms. Not all women want to or are able to take hormone replacement therapy. Strengthening the evidence for menopause symptom-management options, including physical activity, improves agency for women.

Aim
This overview assesses effectiveness of physical activity and exercise interventions targeting women experiencing menopause symptoms.

Methods
Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and Social Science Citation Index were searched (June 2023) for systematic reviews of physical activity and exercise interventions targeting women experiencing menopause. Reviews were assessed using AMSTAR-2 and a best-evidence approach to synthesis without meta-analysis (SWIM) was adopted. The protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022298908).

Results
Seventeen reviews included 80 unique relevant primary studies with 8983 participants. There is evidence showing improvement of physical, urogenital, and total symptoms following yoga interventions. Evidence for vasomotor and psychological symptoms was inconclusive. Findings for aerobic exercise were inconclusive although there were some examples of beneficial effects on total and vasomotor symptoms. Evidence was very limited for other types of physical activity and impact on physical, sexual and urogenital symptoms.

Conclusion
There is some evidence that yoga, and to lesser extent, aerobic exercise may be beneficial for some menopause symptoms, but there is insufficient evidence to recommend a particular form of exercise. Current reviews categorise women on menopause status; broadening this to include ethnicity, income status, employment and other factors will allow better understanding of context for successful interventions.