bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
P2Y receptors in dendritic cells: from inflammation to tolerance
Authors: Communi Didier , Robaye Bernard 
Published: December 2012

AbstractExtracellular nucleotides released in the context of immune and inflammatory responses regulate all components of dendritic cell (DC) function: chemotaxis, antigen uptake, expression of costimulatory molecules, and cytokine secretion. Furthermore, mainly using gene expression profiling, we identified a large number of ATP target genes in human DCs that could play a role in tolerance and tumor development. We have now integrated these findings and related publications in a nonexhaustive review of the wide action of ATP on DCs. ATP, which was previously considered as a danger signal, is also a potent regulator of immunosuppressive and tolerogenic proteins such as thrombospondin‐1 and indoleamine 2′,3′‐dioxygenase. ATP induces a semimaturation state of DCs that can be associated with immune tolerance by regulating costimulatory molecules and cytokine/chemokine expression profiles. Immune tolerance could thus be initiated at the level of DCs. These actions are mediated by the P2Y11 receptor and P2Y11 agonists could thus be used to generate tolerogenic DCs and as useful tools for DC‐based immunotherapies. ATP released from tumor cells can have a tumorigenic action through the generation of semimature tolerogenic DCs and the secretion of angiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and amphiregulin from DCs. Antagonists of ATP receptors expressed on DCs and antibodies blocking ATP target genes could have a therapeutic potential by acting as antitumor agents. WIREs Membr Transp Signal 2013, 2:37–42. doi: 10.1002/wmts.75For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
Ten‐year Comparison of All‐Cause Mortality after Endovascular or Open Repair of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms: A Propensity Score Analysis
Authors: Lee Hong‐Gi , Clair Daniel G. , Ouriel Kenneth 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to compare the long‐term survival after open (OS) or endovascular (EVAR) repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs), exploring baseline factors that could affect long‐term outcome.MethodsWe identified 774 patients (501 EVAR, 273 OS, during 1996–2004) with data on perioperative risk factors including 37 variables assessed with a standardized patient response instrument. Propensity score was used to adjust for baseline differences between the two cohorts. Matched cohorts survival analysis and Cox multivariate regression were performed.ResultsMedian follow‐up was 6.95 (interquartile range 4.46–9.27) years. EVAR patients were older [75.0 ± 7.7 (SD) vs. 71.3 ± 8.5 years, p < 0.001] and had a higher rate of previous myocardial infarction (39.3 vs. 25.3 %, p < 0.001), pulmonary disease (25.9 vs. 18.3 %, p = 0.020), and history of malignancy (5.0 vs. 1.8 %, p = 0.039). The 30‐day mortality was comparable (1.4 % EVAR, 1.5 % OS). Although the unadjusted survival rate was lower (median survival: 7.4 years EVAR, 8.8 OS, p = 0.011) and early (within 4 years) hazard was higher after EVAR (p = 0.003), no difference in survival was observed after propensity score‐matching (p = 0.688) or propensity score‐adjusted Cox regression (hazard ratio 1.01, 95 % confidence interval 0.82–1.25, p = 0.911, EVAR vs. OS). There was a trend toward higher hazard later in both groups. A multivariate Cox regression identified age, pulmonary disease, stroke, dialysis, oral anticoagulation, cardiac enlargement, and smoking history as variables associated with poor survival. Lipid‐lowering medication was found to be protective.ConclusionsOver long‐term follow‐up, survivals after endovascular and open repair of AAA are similar. Baseline patient characteristics are correlated with survival, but whether attention to the modifiable risk factor can alter outcome remains to be defined.
Dentin hypersensitivity: pain mechanisms and aetiology of exposed cervical dentin
Authors: West N. X. , Lussi A. , Seong J. , Hellwig E. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractObjectivesThe paper’s aim is to review dentin hypersensitivity (DHS), discussing pain mechanisms and aetiology.Materials and methodsLiterature was reviewed using search engines with MESH terms, DH pain mechanisms and aetiology (including abrasion, erosion and periodontal disease).ResultsThe many hypotheses proposed for DHS attest to our lack of knowledge in understanding neurophysiologic mechanisms, the most widely accepted being the hydrodynamic theory. Dentin tubules must be patent from the oral environment to the pulp. Dentin exposure, usually at the cervical margin, is due to a variety of processes involving gingival recession or loss of enamel, predisposing factors being periodontal disease and treatment, limited alveolar bone, thin biotype, erosion and abrasion.ConclusionsThe current pain mechanism of DHS is thought to be the hydrodynamic theory. The initiation and progression of DHS are influenced by characteristics of the teeth and periodontium as well as the oral environment and external influences. Risk factors are numerous often acting synergistically and always influenced by individual susceptibility.Clinical relevanceWhilst the pain mechanism of DHS is not well understood, clinicians need to be mindful of the aetiology and risk factors in order to manage patients’ pain and expectations and prevent further dentin exposure with subsequent sensitivity.
Mother knows best? Inhibitory maternal gatekeeping, psychological control, and the mother–adolescent relationship
Authors: Holmes Erin Kramer , Dunn KayLee C. , Harper James , Dyer W. Justin , Day Randal D. 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTWe used structural equation modeling to explore associations between inhibitory maternal gatekeeping attitudes, reports of inhibitory maternal gatekeeping behaviors, maternal psychological control, observed mother–adolescent warmth, and adolescent reports of maternal involvement. Our random stratified sample consisted of 315 mothers and their adolescents. Results revealed that inhibitory maternal gatekeeping attitudes were positively associated with reports of inhibitory gatekeeping behaviors. Psychological control fully mediated the relationship between inhibitory gatekeeping attitudes, reports of inhibitory gatekeeping behaviors, and adolescent reports of maternal involvement. Though gatekeeping attitudes and behaviors were not associated with observed mother–adolescent warmth, psychological control was negatively associated with observed mother–adolescent warmth. Thus, although prior research emphasized the negative effects of inhibitory gatekeeping on father–child relationships, the present research elucidates that in conjunction with psychological control, inhibitory gatekeeping negatively influences the mother–adolescent relationship. All findings are discussed in the context of family systems theory.
ORIENTATION IN THREE SPHERES: MEDIEVAL MEDITERRANEAN BOUNDARY CLAUSES IN LATIN, GREEK AND ARABIC
Authors: Metcalfe Alex 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTThis paper investigates the development of land registry traditions in the medieval Mediterranean by examining a distinctive aspect of Latin, Greek and Arabic formularies used in boundary clauses. The paper makes particular reference to Islamic and Norman Sicily. The argument begins by recalling that the archetypal way of defining limits according to Classical Roman land surveyors was to beginab oriente. Many practices from Antiquity were discontinued in the Latin West, but the idea of starting with or from the East endured in many cases where boundaries were assigned cardinal directions. In the Byzantine Empire, the ‘Roman’ model was prescribed and emulated by Greek surveyors and scribes too. But in the Arab-Muslim Mediterranean, lands were defined with the southern limit first. This contrast forms the basis of a typology that can be tested against charter evidence in frontier zones – for example, in twelfth-century Sicily, which had been under Byzantine, Muslim and Norman rulers. It concludes that, under the Normans, private documents drawn up in Arabic began mainly with the southern limit following the ‘Islamic’ model. However, Arabic descriptions of crown lands started mainly in the ‘Romano-Byzantine’ way. These findings offer a higher resolution view of early Norman governance and suggest that such boundary definitions of the royal chancery could not have been based on older ones written in the Islamic period.
MONASTIC REFORM AND THE GEOGRAPHY OF CHRISTENDOM: EXPERIENCE, OBSERVATION AND INFLUENCE
Authors: Jotischky Andrew 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTMonastic reform is generally understood as a textually driven process governed by a renewed interest in early monastic ideals and practices in the eleventh and twelfth centuries, and focusing on the discourses of reformers about the Egyptian ‘desert fathers’ as the originators of monasticism. Historians have suggested that tropes about the desert, solitude, etc., drawn from early texts found their way into mainstream accounts of monastic change in the periodc. 1080–1150. This paper challenges this model by proposing that considerations of ‘reform’ must take into account parallel movements in Greek Orthodox monasticism and interactions of practice between the two monastic environments. Three case-studies of non-textually derived parallel practices are discussed, and the importance of the Holy Land as a source of inspiration for such practices is advanced in place of Egypt.
PEOPLE OF THE COVENANT AND THE ENGLISH BIBLE
Authors: Tadmor Naomi 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTThe paper shows how the important theological and Anglo-biblical term ‘Covenant’ was formulated in the course of successive biblical translations, from the original Hebrew and Greek to the King Kames Bible. It suggests that the use of the term in English biblical versions reflected – and in turn propelled – the increasingly prominent Covenant theology. Once coined in the vernacular Scriptures, moreover, the term was applied to religious political alliances: from the Scottish Covenants of the 1590s to the English Solemn League and Covenant, 1644, studied in the paper.
Crab meat: a novel vehicle for E. coli O157 identified in an outbreak in South West England, August 2011
Authors: MATULKOVA P. , GOBIN M. , TAYLOR J. , OSHIN F. , O'CONNOR K. , OLIVER I. 
Published: December 2012

SUMMARYIn August 2011, we investigated an outbreak of Escherichia coli O157 in Plymouth, England, utilizing a case-control study and food traceback. Nine cases, eight laboratory-confirmed with E. coli O157 phage type 21/28 verocytotoxin 2 and one epidemiologically linked, had onsets from 30 July 2011 to 15 August 2011. We compared cases (n = 8) with controls (n = 28) of similar age and sex (median age 61 vs. 55 years, females 75% vs. 61%). Cases were 58 times more likely to have eaten crab (88% vs. 11%; odds ratio 58, 95% confidence interval 4-2700). Eight cases consumed crab sourced from the same supplier who was not registered with the local authority. This outbreak pointed to crab as a possible vehicle of E. coli O157 infection. We ensured the withdrawal of crab meat sourced from unregistered suppliers from food venues by 25 August 2011. We also emphasized the importance of only using registered suppliers to the food venues. Since then no further associated cases have been reported.
Public support for policies to improve the nutritional impact of the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)
Authors: Long Michael W , Leung Cindy W , Cheung Lilian WY , Blumenthal Susan J , Willett Walter C 
Published: December 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo determine public attitudes towards federal spending on nutrition assistance programmes and support for policies to improve the nutritional impact of the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP).DesignParticipants answered survey questions by telephone assessing support for SNAP spending and proposed programme policy changes.SettingUSA.SubjectsSurvey of 3024 adults selected by random digit dialling conducted in April 2012, including 418 SNAP participants.ResultsA majority (77 %; 95 % CI 75, 79 %) of all respondents supported maintaining or increasing SNAP benefits, with higher support among Democrats (88 %; 95 % CI 86, 90 %) than Republicans (61 %; 95 % CI 58, 65 %). The public supported policies to improve the nutritional impact of SNAP. Eighty-two per cent (95 % CI 80, 84 %) of respondents supported providing additional benefits to programme participants that can only be used on healthful foods. Sixty-nine per cent (95 % CI 67, 71 %) of respondents supported removing SNAP benefits for sugary drinks. A majority of SNAP participants (54 %; 95 % CI 48, 60 %) supported removing SNAP benefits for sugary drinks. Of the 46 % (95 % CI 40, 52 %) of SNAP participants who initially opposed removing sugary drinks, 45 % (95 % CI 36, 54 %) supported removing SNAP benefits for sugary drinks if the policy also included additional benefits to purchase healthful foods.ConclusionsThe US public broadly supports increasing or maintaining spending on SNAP. The majority of respondents, including SNAP participants, supported policies to improve the nutritional impact of SNAP by restricting the purchase of sugary drinks and incentivizing purchase of healthful foods with SNAP benefits.
Assessing Juvenile Chinook Salmon Behavior and Entrainment Risk near Unscreened Water Diversions: Large Flume Simulations
Authors: Mussen Timothy D. , Cocherell Dennis , Hockett Zachary , Ercan Ali , Bandeh Hossein , Kavvas M. Levent , Cech Joseph J. , Fangue Nann A. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractJuvenile Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha from California's Central Valley must pass thousands of unscreened water diversion pipes during their out‐migration to the Pacific Ocean. The number of fish that become entrained into (drawn through) these diversions at different hydraulic and environmental conditions is currently unknown. We tested the ability of juvenile Chinook Salmon to avoid entrainment into a 0.46‐m‐diameter unscreened water diversion pipe while swimming in a large‐river‐simulation flume. Fish swimming experiments were conducted at 0.15, 0.38, and 0.61 m/s sweeping velocities (simulating the river current) with 0.42 and 0.57 m3/s water diversion rates during the day and at 0.15 and 0.61 m/s with a diversion rate of 0.57 m3/s in turbid water and during the night. The number of fish entrained during day experiments ranged from 0.8% (SE, 0.3) to 8.5% (SE, 0.3). The percentage of pipe passage events resulting in fish entrainment nearly doubled at the 0.57 m3/s water diversion rate (1.7%) compared with that at 0.42 m3/s (0.9%). In clear water conditions during the day, more fish became entrained at the higher water diversion rate (0.57 m3/s) and slower sweeping velocity (0.15 m/s), with fish entrainments starting 38.6 cm (SE, 1.6) from the center of the pipe inlet, where fish experienced an increased velocity gradient and a mean resultant velocity of 0.74 m/s. Fish entrainment was strongly influenced by the number of pipe passages per experiment, rather than by swimming orientation or time spent in the flume. More fish were entrained at the faster sweeping velocity (0.61 m/s) in turbid water during the day and at night, indicating that juvenile Chinook Salmon may use nonvisual guidance (e.g., lateral line system) to avoid water diversions in slower currents. These results help to provide a scientific basis for protecting out‐migrating juvenile Chinook Salmon exposed to unscreened water diversions.
Relationships between the Abundance of Pacific Lamprey in the Columbia River and Their Common Hosts in the Marine Environment
Authors: Murauskas Joshua G. , Orlov Alexei M. , Siwicke Kevin A. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe returns of Pacific Lamprey Entosphenus tridentatus to the Columbia River over the past decade have declined significantly compared with the peak returns of the 1950s and 1960s, with no quantifiable mechanisms identified. To determine if the abundance of documented host species in the marine environment is related to adult returns of Pacific Lamprey, we examined stock assessment data, commercial fishery statistics, and counts of adult fish at Bonneville Dam between 1997 and 2010. Significant positive correlations were observed between lamprey returns and abundance indices of Pacific Hake Merluccius productus, Walleye Pollock Theragra chalcogramma, Pacific Cod Gadus macrocephalus, Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, and Pacific Herring Clupea pallasii throughout the U.S. Pacific Northwest. Commercial landings of these species in Washington and Oregon were also significantly and strongly correlated to lamprey returns, with the exception of Walleye Pollock. Several of these fisheries have demonstrated significant reductions in mean landings since the 1950s and 1960s, and adult lamprey returns have declined proportionally. We further examined large‐scale and regional indices of oceanic productivity as a potential underlying mechanism. Multiple regression techniques indicated that host abundance was the principal factor in predicting lamprey returns, though inclusion of oceanic conditions increased the precision of the model. These results represent the first established relationship to recent trends of Pacific Lamprey returns to the Columbia River and indicate that spawning escapement is primarily a function of conditions experienced during the predatory phase of the life cycle. We hypothesize that Pacific Lamprey abundance in the Columbia River is cyclical in nature, but limited by availability of several host species over a potentially vast geographic range. Biologists and resource managers should reassess the relatively overlooked marine ecology of Pacific Lamprey.
Cyg X-3: a low-mass black hole or a neutron star
Authors: Zdziarski Andrzej A. , Mikołajewska Joanna , Belczyński Krzysztof 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Cyg X-3 is a highly interesting accreting X-ray binary, emitting from the radio to high-energy gamma-rays. It consists of a compact object wind-fed by a Wolf–Rayet (WR) star, but the masses of the components and the mass-loss rate have been a subject of controversies. Here, we determine its masses, inclination and the mass-loss rate using our derived relationship between the mass-loss rate and the mass for WR stars of the WN type, published infrared and X-ray data, and a relation between the mass-loss rate and the binary period derivative (observed to be &gt;0 in Cyg X-3). Our obtained mass-loss rate is almost identical to that from two independent estimates and consistent with other ones, which strongly supports the validity of this solution. The found WR and compact-object masses are 10.3+ 3.9− 2.8 and 2.4+ 2.1− 1.1 M⊙, respectively. Thus, our solution still allows for the presence of either a neutron star or a black hole, but the latter only with a low mass. However, the radio, infrared and X-ray properties of the system suggest that the compact object is a black hole. Such a low-mass black hole could be formed via accretion-induced collapse or directly from a supernova.
The Effect of Laser Power Density on the Observed Products of Combustion of Gasoline Using Laser‐Induced Thermal Desorption with Fourier Transform Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Hutches Katherine D. , Wang Diana , Land Donald P. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractLayered soot analysis is explored as a potential indicator of gasoline in a fire. Current techniques lack the ability to analyze layered soot samples without the destruction of the layered information. Laser‐induced thermal desorption (LITD) coupled with Fourier transform mass spectrometry (FTMS) is developed as a method for analyzing soot samples. Samples of soot on glass from the free combustion of gasoline are collected and analyzed using LITD‐FTMS, and the effect of power density on the resulting chemical profile is reported. At higher power densities, a distribution of low m/z products is observed. At lower power densities, the products observed shift to higher molecular weights, with peaks attributable to the tropyllium ion, naphthalene, and pyrene. Results at low power densities suggest that LITD‐FTMS is a viable method for the analysis of soot, with potential for use with layered soot samples. Peaks potentially useful for fuel differentiation of gasoline are identified.
Artificial Sweeteners Versus Regular Mixers Increase Breath Alcohol Concentrations in Male and Female Social Drinkers
Authors: Marczinski Cecile A. , Stamates Amy L. 
Published: December 2012

BackgroundLimited research suggests that alcohol consumed with an artificially sweetened mixer (e.g., diet soft drink) results in higher breath alcohol concentrations (BrACs) compared with the same amount of alcohol consumed with a similar beverage containing sugar. The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability of this effect in both male and female social drinkers and to determine if there are measureable objective and subjective differences when alcohol is consumed with an artificially sweetened versus sugar‐sweetened mixer.MethodsParticipants (n = 16) of equal gender attended 3 sessions where they received 1 of 3 doses (1.97 ml/kg vodka mixed with 3.94 ml/kg Squirt, 1.97 ml/kg vodka mixed with 3.94 ml/kg diet Squirt, and a placebo beverage) in random order. BrACs were recorded, as were self‐reported ratings of subjective intoxication, fatigue, impairment, and willingness to drive. Objective performance was assessed using a cued go/no‐go reaction time task.ResultsBrACs were significantly higher in the alcohol + diet beverage condition compared with the alcohol + regular beverage condition. The mean peak BrAC was 0.091 g/210 l in the alcohol + diet condition compared with 0.077 g/210 l in the alcohol + regular condition. Cued go/no‐go task performance indicated the greatest impairment for the alcohol + diet beverage condition. Subjective measures indicated that participants appeared unaware of any differences in the 2 alcohol conditions, given that no significant differences in subjective ratings were observed for the 2 alcohol conditions. No gender differences were observed for BrACs, and objective and subjective measures.ConclusionsMixing alcohol with a diet soft drink resulted in elevated BrACs, as compared with the same amount of alcohol mixed with a sugar‐sweetened beverage. Individuals were unaware of these differences, a factor that may increase the safety risks associated with drinking alcohol.
Diversity of terrestrial isopods in the supralittoral zone of Ghar El Melh lagoon (Tunisia)
Authors: Khemaissia Hajer , Jelassi Raja , Souty‐Grosset Catherine , Nasri‐Ammar Karima 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIn Tunisia, while wetlands are considered as remarkable habitats for their faunal and floral diversity, few studies on the species diversity of terrestrial isopods were performed. To fill this gap, the spatio‐temporal distribution of Oniscidea at Ghar El Melh lagoon (north‐east of Tunisia) was analysed. Sampling was carried out with 50 × 50 cm quadrats along a perpendicular transect to the shoreline. Nine species of terrestrial isopods belonging to seven genera were identified. Chaetophiloscia elongata Dollfus, 1884 was the most abundant species in all seasons except for summer; its relative abundance ranged from 38.9% to 77% in summer and autumn, respectively. Hill diversity indices ranged from 0.86 to 0.94 and equitability indices from 0.33 and 0.68. The statistical analysis showed a significant difference of isopod species and plant associations among seasons.