bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increasing the oxidative stability of soybean oil through fortification with antioxidants
Authors: Sarkar Anwesha , Golay Pierre‐Alain , Acquistapace Simone , Craft Brian D. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryVegetable oils high in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), like soybean oil (SO), are known for lowering the risk of consumers for contracting cardiovascular disease as well as improving cognitive health. However, they are more susceptible to lipid oxidation than recently introduced high‐oleic cultivars like high‐oleic sunflower oil (HOSFO). Thus, the objective of this study was to increase the stability of PUFA oils to maintain the aforementioned health benefits by supplementing them with industrially relevant antioxidant compounds that prevent or delay oxidation during food production and storage. Herein, a variety of synthetic and natural antioxidants tested alone or in mixtures was screened to bring the stability of SO closer to that of HOSFO. Oils were stored under accelerated conditions (35 °C) in the dark for 28 weeks, and the evolution of primary (hydroperoxides) and secondary (hexanal) lipid oxidation products was monitored. Oxidative stability index data showed that addition of 300 ppm of ascorbyl palmitate (AP) stabilised SO to the greatest magnitude. Further, a combination of AP (300 ppm) and M‐TOC (1000 ppm) was able to limit hydroperoxide and hexanal formation in SO at 35 °C for 12 weeks. It was demonstrated that assessing multiple quality parameters for lipid stability are a necessary undertaking.
On Some Principles of Statistical Inference
Authors: Reid Nancy , Cox David R. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryStatistical theory aims to provide a foundation for studying the collection and interpretation of data, a foundation that does not depend on the particular details of the substantive field in which the data are being considered. This gives a systematic way to approach new problems, and a common language for summarising results; ideally, the foundations and common language ensure that statistical aspects of one study, or of several studies on closely related phenomena, can be broadly accessible. We discuss some principles of statistical inference, to outline how these are, or could be, used to inform the interpretation of results, and to provide a greater degree of coherence for the foundations of statistics.
Changes in a West Indian bird community since the late Pleistocene
Authors: Steadman David W. , Franklin Janet 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAimTo establish a chronology for late Quaternary avian extinction, extirpation and persistence in the Bahamas, thereby testing the relative roles of climate change and human impact as causes of extinction.LocationGreat Abaco Island (Abaco), Bahamas, West Indies.MethodsWe analysed the resident bird community as sampled by Pleistocene (> 11.7 ka) and Holocene (< 11.7 ka) fossils. Each species was classified as extinct (lost globally), extirpated (gone from Abaco but persists elsewhere), or extant (still resident on Abaco). We compared patterns of extinction, extirpation and persistence to independent estimates of climate and sea level for glacial (late Pleistocene) and interglacial (Holocene) times.ResultsOf 45 bird species identified in Pleistocene fossils, 25 (56%) no longer occur on Abaco (21 extirpated, 4 extinct). Of 37 species recorded in Holocene deposits, 15 (14 extirpated, 1 extinct; total 41%) no longer exist on Abaco. Of the 30 extant species, 12 were recovered as both Pleistocene and Holocene fossils, as were 9 of the 30 extirpated or extinct species. Most of the extinct or extirpated species that were only recorded from Pleistocene contexts are characteristic of open habitats (pine woodlands or grasslands); several of the extirpated species are currently found only where winters are cooler than in the modern or Pleistocene Bahamas. In contrast, most of the extinct or extirpated species recorded from Holocene contexts are habitat generalists.Main conclusionsThe fossil evidence suggests two main times of late Quaternary avian extirpation and extinction in the Bahamas. The first was during the Pleistocene–Holocene transition (PHT; 15–9 ka) and was fuelled by climate change and associated changes in sea level and island area. The second took place during the late Holocene (< 4 ka, perhaps primarily < 1 ka) and can be attributed to human impact. Although some species lost during thePHTare currently found where climates are cooler and drier than in the Bahamas today, a taxonomically and ecologically diverse set of species persisted through that major climate change but did not survive the past millennium of human presence.
Phylogeography and evolution of three closely related species of Tsuga (hemlock) from subtropical eastern Asia: further insights into speciation of conifers
Authors: Cun Yu‐Zhi , Wang Xiao‐Quan 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAimThe biogeography and speciation of conifers are of special interest because of the ecological importance of these trees, but the boundaries and evolutionary relationships of closely related species of conifers are difficult to disentangle. To investigate how lineage sorting and gene flow affect species boundaries in conifers, we studied the population genetic structure and phylogeographical history of the Tsuga chinensis–T. forrestii complex and compared the results with those for a closely related species, T. dumosa.LocationSubtropical eastern Asia.MethodsPhylogeographical analyses, in combination with coalescent simulations, were performed based on sequence variation of paternal chloroplast and maternal mitochondrial DNA in 1368 individuals from 52 populations of the three Tsuga (hemlock) species.ResultsMitotypes were shared extensively among the three species while the chlorotypes were relatively more species‐specific. Two genetic breaks and thus three distinct geographical groups were identified in the T. chinensis–T. forrestii species pair. Unidirectional pollen flow from T. forrestii to T. chinensis was detected.Main conclusionsTsuga forrestii originated from a pre‐existing isolate of T. chinensis, and a cryptic genetic break formed between eastern and western populations of the latter. Incomplete lineage sorting was responsible for the extensive sharing of mitotypes among the three hemlock species, and our results seem to support the idea that paternally inherited markers are more effective in delimiting species than maternally inherited markers. We also found that hemlock populations in the Himalayas were very likely to have experienced extinction, but that most populations in other areas of subtropical mainland China survived the late Quaternary glacial cycles by elevational shifts.
Autism spectrum disorders and coexisting disorders in a nationwide Swedish twin study
Authors: Lundström Sebastian , Reichenberg Abraham , Melke Jonas , Råstam Maria , Kerekes Nóra , Lichtenstein Paul , Gillberg Christopher , Anckarsäter Henrik 
Published: October 2014

BackgroundEvidence from twin and molecular genetic studies is accumulating that Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) shares substantial etiological factors with other disorders. This is mirrored in clinical practice where ASD without coexisting disorders is rare. The present study aims to examine the range of coexisting disorders in ASD in a genetically informative cohort.MethodsParents of all Swedish 9‐year‐old twins born between 1992 and 2001 (n = 19,130) underwent a telephone interview designed to screen for child psychiatric disorders, including ASD. To ensure full coverage of child psychiatric disorders, data were also retrieved from population‐based health registers. We investigated the coexistence of eight psychiatric disorders known to coexist with ASDs in probands and their co‐twins.ResultsHalf of the individuals with ASDs (50.3%) had four or more coexisting disorders and only 4% did not have any concomitant disorder. The ‘healthy co‐twin’ in ASD discordant monozygotic twin pairs was very often (79% of boys and 50% of girls) affected by at least one non‐ASD disorder. The corresponding figures for ASD discordant dizygotic twin pairs were significantly lower (46% of males and 30% of females).ConclusionsDetailed phenotypic descriptions including symptoms of problems associated with a wide range of child psychiatric disorders may aid in unraveling the genetic architecture of ASD and should guide the development of intervention strategies addressing each problem type specifically.
Novel Application of Freeze‐Dried Amaranth Sourdough in Gluten‐Free Bread Production
Authors: Różyło Renata , Rudy Stanisław , Krzykowski Andrzej , Dziki Dariusz 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to describe the freeze‐drying of amaranth sourdough. Also, changes in the physical properties of bread caused by the addition of fresh or freeze‐dried amaranth sourdough were determined. Control gluten‐free bread was prepared from corn, rice and amaranth flour in two variants (45:45:10% and 40:40:20%). Amaranth flour was substituted with fresh or freeze‐dried sourdough. Two freeze‐drying temperatures (20 and 40C) were used for sourdough freeze‐drying. Consequently, the Page model was found to be the most appropriate to describe the drying of sourdough. Significant and beneficial changes in the physical properties of bread under the effect of both fresh and freeze‐dried sourdough were noted. Sensory evaluation of bread showed that bread with 20% amaranth sourdough is characterized by an unfavorable taste and smell; however, gluten‐free bread with 10% amaranth sourdough was accepted by consumers.Practical ApplicationThe obtained results have important meaning, as the use of freeze‐dried amaranth sourdough may improve the process of the production of natural gluten‐free bread by significantly shortening the production time required for this bread on the day of baking. The freeze‐dried amaranth sourdough in an amount of 10% may be a good substitute for fresh sourdough. To produce this sourdough, a freeze‐drying temperature of 40C is suggested. An increase of heating plate temperature from 20 to 40C caused a decrease of drying time of 26%. The bread is distinguished by a favorable qualitative assessment. Also, the reduced value of pH has a beneficial influence on extending bread durability.
Vitamin D and muscle strength throughout the life course: a review of epidemiological and intervention studies
Authors: McCarthy E. K. , Kiely M. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe putative role of vitamin D in muscle function and strength throughout the life course is of interest because muscle strength is required for engagement in physical activity at all ages. As vitamin D deficiency is widely reported in the population, especially in countries at high latitude, the potential importance of vitamin D in muscle function throughout life, and the potential impacts on growth and development, participation in physical activity, and effects on skeletal and cardio‐metabolic health, comprise an important topic for discussion. This review provides an overview of muscle function and summarises the role of the vitamin D receptor and the proposed molecular mechanisms of action of vitamin D in muscle cells. In addition, the review provides a comprehensive assessment of the clinical evidence surrounding the association between vitamin D and muscle strength. Among adults, particularly older adults, cross‐sectional and cohort studies reported a positive association between vitamin D status and muscle strength. These associations have been largely confirmed by intervention studies. Limited research has been carried out in adolescents and children; two cross‐sectional studies in adolescents have suggested an association between serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and muscle strength. However, the two intervention studies in adolescents have yielded conflicting results. Other than a single observational study, data in young children are very limited and further investigation in under 12‐year‐olds is warranted.
Cross‐sectional online survey of research productivity in young Japanese nursing faculty
Authors: Oyama Yumiko , Fukahori Hiroki , Miyashita Mitsunori , Narama Miho , Kono Ayumi , Atogami Fumi , Kashiwagi Masayo , Okaya Keiko , Takamizawa Emiko , Yoshizawa Toyoko 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAimTo investigate the factors affecting the research productivity of young nursing faculty in Japan.MethodsAn online survey targeting young nursing scholars (aged ≤39 years) who were members of the Japan Academy of Nursing Science was conducted from October to November 2012. Of 1634 potential respondents, 648 completed the survey (39.7%), and 400 full‐time faculty of a baccalaureate degree program were selected for the analysis. The numbers of English‐language and Japanese publications in the past 3 years were regressed onto personal characteristics, such as academic degree and type of university.ResultsThe mean numbers of publications in English and Japanese in the past 3 years were 0.41 and 1.63, respectively. Holding a doctoral degree was significantly related to a higher number of publications in English and Japanese (eβ = 5.78 and eβ = 1.89, respectively). Working at a national university (eβ = 2.15), having a research assistant (eβ = 2.05), and the ability to read research articles in English (eβ = 2.27) were significantly related to more English‐language publications. Having the confidence to conduct quantitative research (eβ = 1.67) was related to a larger number of Japanese publications. The lack of mentoring (eβ = 0.97) and university workload (eβ = 0.96) were associated with a lesser number of Japanese publications.ConclusionThe research productivity of young nursing faculty appeared to be quite low. Strategies to enhance research productivity in young nursing faculty, such as encouraging the achievement of a doctoral degree or enrichment of research resources, should be undertaken.
HBsAg plasma level kinetics: a new role for an old marker as a therapy response predictor in vertically infected children on combination therapy
Authors: Carey I. , Bruce M. , Horner M. , Zen Y. , D'Antiga L. , Bansal S. , Vergani D. , Mieli‐Vergani G. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryWe aimed to investigate the ability of HBsAg plasma level kinetics to predict therapy response by studying 23 children with infancy‐acquired chronic hepatitis B (CHB) during combination sequential therapy with lead‐in lamivudine (LAM) and add‐on interferon‐α (IFN‐α) [5 responders (R = anti‐HBs seroconversion) and 18 nonresponders (NR)] and to assess their relationship with pretreatment intrahepatic HBV‐DNA and cccDNA and HBsAg and HBcAg liver expression. Plasma HBsAg levels were measured in samples before (treatment week 0 = TW0), during (TW9, TW28, TW52) and after (follow‐up week = FUW24) therapy by Abbott ARCHITECT® assay [log10IU/mL]. Baseline liver HBV‐DNA and cccDNA were quantified by real‐time TaqMan PCR [log10copies/ng genomic DNA]. HBsAg and HBcAg liver expression was evaluated by immunostaining of formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded specimens [number of positive cells/1000 hepatocytes]. All results are presented as medians. Plasma: at baseline, on‐treatment and during follow‐up, HBsAg levels were lower in R than NR (TW0: 4.36 vs 4.75;TW28: 2.44 vs 4.35;TW52: 0 vs 4.08 and FUW24: 0.17 vs 4.35, all P < 0.05). Liver: baseline HBV‐DNA (3.82 vs 4.71, P = 0.16) and cccDNA (1.98 vs 2.26, P = 0.18) tended to be lower in R than NR, HBsAg expression was lower in R than NR (0.5 vs 4.7, P = 0.03), and HBcAg expression was similar between R and NR. There were positive correlations between plasma HBsAg levels and liver HBV‐DNA (r = 0.44, P = 0.04), cccDNA (r = 0.41, P = 0.04) and HBsAg liver expression (r = 0.38, P = 0.05). Lower baseline HBsAg plasma levels, lower HBsAg expression in liver and on‐treatment decline of plasma HBsAg levels heralds HBsAg clearance and response to treatment in tolerant children with CHB.
Dominant amphipods ofPosidonia oceanicaseagrass meadows display considerable trophic diversity
Authors: Michel Loïc N. , Dauby Patrick , Gobert Sylvie , Graeve Martin , Nyssen Fabienne , Thelen Nicolas , Lepoint Gilles 
Published: October 2014

AbstractGut content examination and trophic markers (fatty acids, stable isotopes of C and N) were combined to delineate the diet of the dominant species of amphipods from MediterraneanPosidonia oceanicaseagrass meadows and to highlight trophic diversity among this community. Our results indicate that, although all dominant species heavily relied on macroalgal epiphytes, considerable interspecific dietary differences existed. Carbon stable isotope ratios notably showed that some of the amphipod species favored grazing on epiphytes from leaves or litter fragments (Apherusa chiereghinii,Aora spinicornis,Gammarus aequicauda), while others such asDexamine spiniventrispreferred epiphytes from rhizomes. The remaining amphipods (Caprella acanthifera, Ampithoe helleriandGammarella fucicola) readily consumed both groups. In addition, SIAR modeling suggested that most species had a mixed diet, and relied on several food items. Fatty acid analysis and gut contents revealed that contributions of microepiphytic diatoms and of benthic and suspended particulate organic matter to the diet of amphipods were anecdotal. None of the examined species seemed to graze on their seagrass host [low 18:2(n‐6) and 18:3(n‐3) fatty acids contents], butGammarus aequicaudapartly relied on seagrass leaf detritus, as demonstrated by the lesser13C‐depletion of their tissues. Overall, our findings suggest that amphipods, because of their importance in the transfer of organic matter from primary producers and detritus to higher rank consumers, are key items inP. oceanica‐associated food webs.
Eyes and vision in the coeval Furongian trilobites Sphaerophthalmus alatus (Boeck, 1938) and Ctenopyge (Mesoctenopyge) tumida Westergård, 1922, from Bornholm, Denmark
Authors: Schoenemann Brigitte , Clarkson Euan N. K. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe two olenid species Sphaerophthalmus alatus (Boeck, 1838) and Ctenopyge (Mesoctenopyge) tumida Westergård, 1922, occur together in the Ctenopyge tumida Zone (Zone 19) of the Furongian of Scandinavia. Material from Bornholm, Denmark, forms the basis of this study of the morphology and partial ontogeny of the eyes. The eyes of both species are directed laterally and have virtually panoramic vision, looking out sideways like those of a rabbit. The eye of S. alatus is comparatively smaller, with fewer lenses and a larger eye parameter; calculations show that this trilobite was adapted for dim light intensity, possibly suggesting a vagrant benthic habit. Ctenopyge (Mesoctenopyge) tumida, with a smaller eye parameter, was adapted for a higher light intensity, and this trilobite was most likely a pelagic swimmer. The two species, although preserved together, inhabited different levels in the water column.
Pathways of bacterial invasion and watermelon seed infection by Acidovorax citrulli
Authors: Dutta B. , Ha Y. , Lessl J. T. , Avci U. , Sparks A. C. , Johnson K. L. , Walcott R. R. 
Published: October 2014

This study explored the pathways of ingress of Acidovorax citrulli, the causal agent of bacterial fruit blotch of cucurbits, into watermelon seeds. Up until 7 days post‐inoculation (DPI), a significantly higher percentage of watermelon seeds was infected with A. citrulli when the bacteria were applied (c. 1 × 106 colony‐forming units) to stigmas versus ovary pericarps of female flowers. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed that, with stigma inoculation, A. citrulli colonized style and ovary tissues by 1 DPI, and the bacteria co‐localized with pollen germ tubes in these tissues. With ovary pericarp inoculation, A. citrulli cells penetrated the epicarp and mesocarp tissues by 1 DPI but did not reach endocarp until 4 DPI. Finally, manual pollination followed by stigma inoculation led to >53% A. citrulli‐infected seed lots, while A. citrulli was not detected in seeds/ovules generated by stigma inoculation without pollination (chemically induced parthenocarpy). These results show that stigma inoculation results in faster colonization of watermelon ovules by A. citrulli than pericarp inoculation, even though there is no difference in the levels of infection in mature seeds. The data also indicate that pollen germ tubes play an important role in A. citrulli ingress into watermelon seeds via stigmas.
Clinical Use of Deslorelin (GnRH agonist) in Companion Animals: A Review
Authors: Lucas X 
Published: October 2014

ContentsOver the years, many contraceptive medications have been developed for companion animals, but many secondary adverse effects have limited their use. A major advancement was achieved with the use of gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) analogues, mainly GnRH agonists, which mimic the effects of native GnRH. The development of effective low‐dose, slow‐release implants with potent agonists such as deslorelin (Suprelorin®, Virbac) have allowed their use to become widespread in recent years, with many potential benefits in companion animals. While the major application of deslorelin was initially male contraception, due to its two differing actions, either the stimulation of oestrus or the sterilization of fertility, its use has been increasing in the bitch as well. The aim of this study is to review the applications of deslorelin GnRH agonist implants in companion animal, such as dogs, cats and some exotic pets.
Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine in Domestic and Companion Animals: A Multispecies Perspective
Authors: Gonçalves NN , Ambrósio CE , Piedrahita JA 
Published: October 2014

ContentsSince their original isolation, the majority of the work on embryonic stem cells (ESC) has been carried out in mice. While the mouse is an outstanding model for basic research, it also has considerable limitations for translational work, especially in the area of regenerative medicine. This is due to a combination of factors that include physiological and size differences when compared to humans. In contrast, domestic animal species, such as swine, and companion animal species, such as dogs, provide unique opportunities to develop regenerative medicine protocols that can then be utilized in humans. Unfortunately, at present, the state of knowledge related to, and availability of, ESC from domestic animals vary among species such as pig, horse, dog and cat, and without exception lags significantly behind the mouse and human. It is clear that much still needs to be discovered. The ‘stem cell‐like’ cell lines being reported are still not satisfactorily used in regenerative medicine, due to reasons such as heterogeneity and chromosomal instability. As a result, investigators have searched for alternate source of cells that can be used for regenerative medicine. This approach has uncovered a range of adult stem cells and adult progenitor cells that have utility in both human and veterinary medicine. Here, we review a range of stem cells, from ESC to induced pluripotent stem cells, and discuss their potential application in the field of regenerative medicine.