bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serological testing for coeliac disease in Type 1 diabetes mellitus: is immunoglobulin A level measurement necessary?
Authors: Kurien M. , Leeds J. S. , Hopper A. D. , Wild G. , Egner W. , Tesfaye S. , Hadjivassiliou M. , Sanders D. S. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAimsImmunoglobulin A (IgA) measurement is advocated when case finding for coeliac disease in patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus. Currently, there is a paucity of contemporary studies assessing IgA deficiency in Type 1 diabetes. This study evaluates the prevalence of IgA deficiency in individuals with Type 1 diabetes, compared with patients with coeliac disease and control subjects. In addition, we evaluate whether routine IgA measurement is justifiable when case finding for coeliac disease in patients with Type 1 diabetes.MethodsAll patients were assessed using IgA endomysial antibodies, IgA anti‐tissue transglutaminase antibodies and total IgA levels. Altogether, 2434 individuals were tested: 1000 patients with Type 1 diabetes, 234 patients with coeliac disease and 1200 population control subjects. Definitive IgA deficiency was defined as total IgA levels < 0.07 g/l.ResultsThe prevalence of IgA deficiency was significantly more common in patients with Type 1 diabetes (0.9%, n = 9/1000; P = 0.036) and coeliac disease (1.29%, n = 3/234; P = 0.041) when compared with population control subjects (prevalence of 0.17%, 2/1200). No statistical difference between Type 1 diabetes and coeliac disease for IgA deficiency was identified (P = 0.87). Of patients in the group with Type 1 diabetes, 3.3% (33/1000) had coeliac disease, and of those only one patient had IgA deficiency leading to an antibody‐negative presentation. Both IgA‐deficient individuals within the population control subjects had normal duodenal biopsies and no relevant symptoms.ConclusionsIgA deficiency is more common in Type 1 diabetes compared with population control subjects. Despite this, very few individuals with Type 1 diabetes and IgA deficiency appear to have villous atrophy on biopsy. These outcomes question the practice of routine IgA measurement when case finding for coeliac disease in patients with Type 1 diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes structured education: what are the core self‐management behaviours?
Authors: Grant L. , Lawton J. , Hopkins D. , Elliott J. , Lucas S. , Clark M. , MacLellan I. , Davies M. , Heller S. , Cooke D. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAimsStudy aims were to (1) describe and compare the way diabetes structured education courses have evolved in the UK, (2) identify and agree components of course curricula perceived as core across courses and (3) identify and classify self‐care behaviours in order to develop a questionnaire assessment tool.MethodsStructured education courses were selected through the Type 1 diabetes education network. Curricula from five courses were examined and nine educators from those courses were interviewed. Transcripts were analysed using framework analysis. Fourteen key stakeholders attended a consensus meeting, to identify and classify Type 1 diabetes self‐care behaviours.ResultsEighty‐three courses were identified. Components of course curricula perceived as core by all diabetes educators were: carbohydrate counting and insulin dose adjustment, hypoglycaemia management, group work, goal setting and empowerment, confidence and control. The broad areas of self‐management behaviour identified at the consensus meeting were carbohydrate counting and awareness, insulin dose adjustment, self‐monitoring of blood glucose, managing hypoglycaemia, managing equipment and injection sites; and accessing health care. Specific self‐care behaviours within each area were identified.ConclusionsPlanned future work will develop an updated questionnaire tool to access self‐care behaviours. This will enable assessment of the effectiveness of existing structured education programmes at producing desired changes in behaviour. It will also help people with diabetes and their healthcare team identify areas where additional support is needed to initiate or maintain changes in behaviour. Provision of such support may improve glycaemia and reduce diabetes‐related complications and severe hypoglycaemia.
Hatching and residual yolk internalization in lizards: evolution, function and fate of the amnion
Authors: Pezaro N. , Doody J.S. , Green B. , Thompson M.B. 
Published: March 2013

SUMMARYMost egg‐laying vertebrates hatch without depleting the entire yolk reserve. The residual yolk is internalized before emergence from the egg is completed and the yolk is subsequently metabolized during early neonatal life. Here we provide the first description of the mechanism of yolk internalization in non‐avian reptiles. We describe the hatching of two lizard species (Physignathus lesueurii and Varanus rosenbergii) and provide a step‐by‐step account of sequence of events leading to yolk internalization and emergence from the egg. We also conducted incubation experiments to determine the cause of failed yolk internalization. Contraction of the ruptured amnion is the mechanism by which the residual yolk is internalized, which provides an explanation for the functional significance of amniotic contractions. Failures of internalization occur when the amount of residual yolk exceeds that which can be enclosed by the ruptured amnion. We conclude that, because of the connections formed between the amnion and both the allantois and chorion, the pipping and retraction of the amnion pulls the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) off the surface of the eggshell, which impairs the capacity for gas exchange and forces the embryo to breach the eggshell to commence breathing. We further speculate that the loss of amniotic contractions in mammals may indicate an incompatibility of amnion‐assisted yolk internalization with viviparity, an evolutionary process that could be tested by examining viviparous squamates.
Role of avoidance behavior in the response of Folsomia candida to above‐freezing cooling temperatures
Authors: Boiteau G. , MacKinley P. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAlthough avoidance behavior is thought to be one of the major strategies for arthropods to cope with cold, there is a general lack of data supporting its use. This study tested the suggestion that Collembola migrate deeper into the soil to avoid cooling temperatures during the transition from summer to winter. We released mature hemi‐edaphic Folsomia candida Willem (Collembola: Isotomidae) in large (5 301 cm3) and small (306 cm3) soil microcosms exposed to ambient temperatures ranging between 5 and 20 °C. Springtails released in the large microcosms for periods of 2, 3, and 4 weeks dispersed throughout the soil column but remained more abundant in the upper third layer of the soil column whether exposed to weekly decreasing temperatures or a constant ambient temperature of 20 °C. Both small (juvenile) and large (mature) springtails exposed to cooling were more abundant in the upper third than in the middle or lower third of the soil columns after 2, 3, or 4 weeks. Groups of F. candida released in small microcosms provided with a positive soil temperature gradient displayed the same vertical distribution, with 90% of individuals clustered in the top 4.5 cm of the 15‐cm column whether exposed to air temperatures of 5, 10, 15, or 20 °C. Results from the two types of microcosms demonstrated that the vertical distribution of springtails remains strongly biased to the upper soil layer regardless of the temperature of their environment and whether the temperature in the soil column was uniform or graduated. This supports our prediction that hemi‐edaphic species such as F. candida do not relocate to warmer deeper soil layers, but tend to remain in the surface soil layer where they can acclimate to the cooling temperature.
Treatment of anxiety disorders in epilepsy: An evidence‐based approach
Authors: Mula Marco 
Published: March 2013

SummaryDuring recent years growing attention has been paid to psychiatric comorbidities in epilepsy. However, anxiety disorders still remain underrecognized and undertreated. This is largely related to the lack of specific screening instruments and the frequent co‐occurrence with mood disorders. Data on treatment are insufficient and clinical practice still relies heavily on individual experience. In this article we review evidence‐based treatment strategies for primary major anxiety disorders and adapt them to the specific needs of patients with epilepsy. In panic disorder, a combined approach, namely serotonin‐reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is always indicated during the acute phase. Long‐term maintenance treatment may include combined therapy or CBT alone depending on individual cases. For generalized anxiety disorders pregabalin has to be considered first choice for short‐term and long‐term treatment. In social anxiety disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder SSRIs, in particular sertraline and paroxetine, can be safely used. Obsessive‐compulsive disorder represents a serious condition that needs to be approached in a psychiatric setting. CBT should be considered as the first choice in patients with epilepsy. If drug treatment is needed, epileptologists have to be aware that high‐dose antidepressants are appropriate and that SSRIs, in particular sertraline, should be considered first choice. In these patients, careful clinical monitoring is indicated, in selected cases, for potential seizure precipitation and side effects due to pharmacodynamics interactions.
Challenges for the Kasatoshi volcano hypothesis as the cause of a large return of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) to the Fraser River in 2010
Authors: McKinnell Skip 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIn August 2008 the Kasatoshi volcano in the Aleutian archipelago erupted. Prevailing winds carried volcanic ash to the Gulf of Alaska, where its soluble iron dissolved and initiated a widespread phytoplankton bloom. Two years later, the abundance of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) returning to spawn in the Fraser River was larger than any observed since 1913. Kasatoshi's influence on growth and survival has been proposed as the ultimate cause of the abundant return. However, when relevant data are brought to bear on the hypothesis, it shows that: (1) survival of the abundant sockeye salmon cohort was unremarkable when compared with the historical record; (2) without an accompanying volcano, survival of the returns in 2011 was about the same as in 2010; (3) parental abundance that spawned the abundant return in 2010 was the sixth largest since 1948; (4) during their first summer at sea, sockeye salmon are not known to migrate in the offshore region where the anomalous chlorophyll bloom occurred; (5) an older cohort that was likely exposed to the chlorophyll bloom had the second lowest productivity on record when it returned in 2009; (6) immature sockeye salmon do not feed on diatoms, so any trophodynamic benefit derived from excess chlorophyll in mid‐to late August 2008 would have to have found a rapid trophic pathway to sockeye salmon on the continental shelf; and (7) no other populations of sockeye salmon or other species of salmon that are known to rear in the same region had unexpectedly high returns.
Soil carbon stocks and carbon sequestration rates in seminatural grassland in Aso region, Kumamoto, Southern Japan
Authors: Toma Yo , Clifton‐Brown John , Sugiyama Shinji , Nakaboh Makoto , Hatano Ryusuke , Fernández Fabián G. , Ryan Stewart J. , Nishiwaki Aya , Yamada Toshihiko 
Published: March 2013

AbstractGlobal soil carbon (C) stocks account for approximately three times that found in the atmosphere. In the Aso mountain region of Southern Japan, seminatural grasslands have been maintained by annual harvests and/or burning for more than 1000 years. Quantification of soil C stocks and C sequestration rates in Aso mountain ecosystem is needed to make well‐informed, land‐use decisions to maximize C sinks while minimizing C emissions. Soil cores were collected from six sites within 200 km2 (767–937 m asl.) from the surface down to the k‐Ah layer established 7300 years ago by a volcanic eruption. The biological sources of the C stored in the Aso mountain ecosystem were investigated by combining C content at a number of sampling depths with age (using 14C dating) and δ13C isotopic fractionation. Quantification of plant phytoliths at several depths was used to make basic reconstructions of past vegetation and was linked with C‐sequestration rates. The mean total C stock of all six sites was 232 Mg C ha−1 (28–417 Mg C ha−1), which equates to a soil C sequestration rate of 32 kg C ha−1 yr−1 over 7300 years. Mean soil C sequestration rates over 34, 50 and 100 years were estimated by an equation regressing soil C sequestration rate against soil C accumulation interval, which was modeled to be 618, 483 and 332 kg C ha−1 yr−1, respectively. Such data allows for a deeper understanding in how much C could be sequestered in Miscanthus grasslands at different time scales. In Aso, tribe Andropogoneae (especially Miscanthus and Schizoachyrium genera) and tribe Paniceae contributed between 64% and 100% of soil C based on δ13C abundance. We conclude that the seminatural, C4‐dominated grassland system serves as an important C sink, and worthy of future conservation.
Life histories predict coral community disassembly under multiple stressors
Authors: Darling Emily S. , McClanahan Timothy R. , Côté Isabelle M. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractClimate change is reshaping biological communities against a background of existing human pressure. Evaluating the impacts of multiple stressors on community dynamics can be particularly challenging in species‐rich ecosystems, such as coral reefs. Here, we investigate whether life‐history strategies and cotolerance to different stressors can predict community responses to fishing and temperature‐driven bleaching using a 20‐year time series of coral assemblages in Kenya. We found that the initial life‐history composition of coral taxa largely determined the impacts of bleaching and coral loss. Prior to the 1998 bleaching event, coral assemblages within no‐take marine reserves were composed of three distinct life histories – competitive, stress‐tolerant and weedy– and exhibited strong declines following bleaching with limited subsequent recovery. In contrast, fished reefs had lower coral cover, fewer genera and were composed of stress‐tolerant and weedy corals that were less affected by bleaching over the long term. Despite these general patterns, we found limited evidence for cotolerance as coral genera and life histories were variable in their sensitivities to fishing and bleaching. Overall, fishing and bleaching have reduced coral diversity and led to altered coral communities of ‘survivor’ species with stress‐tolerant and weedy life histories. Our findings are consistent with expectations that climate change interacting with existing human pressure will result in the loss of coral diversity and critical reef habitat.
A Constructive Critique of the Endogenous Development Approach in the European Support of Rural Areas
Authors: Margarian Anne 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIn recent years, the endogenous development (ED) approach has gained influence within the rhetoric of European rural development policies (RP). This paper provides a fundamental critique of the approach and shows that neither the economic elements of RP in general nor ED in particular are targeted towards the specific economic needs and capabilities of rural areas. The second part of this paper consists of the search for possible alternative concepts for a more targeted and effective RP. Based on a synopsis of existing theories, an integrated approach is proposed that builds upon the different coordination mechanisms for economic activity suggested by different theories. The new, integrated perspective enables an economic characterisation of rural areas and indicates that the successful support of local coordination of economic activity is determined by specific local conditions. It also makes evident that localised approaches usually cannot compensate rural areas for the lack of agglomeration advantages. Therefore, programmes for the economic development of rural areas which support the local coordination of economic activity remain a second‐best policy. As such, they do not free the state from policies of spatial redistribution if the political aim is the creation of comparable living conditions.
Industrial Structure and the Sources of Agglomeration Economies: Evidence from Manufacturing Plant Production
Authors: Drucker Joshua 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe impacts of agglomeration and local industrial structure are examined through an analysis of establishment‐level productivity. Using micro‐level data, measures of regional industrial specialization, economic diversity, and industrial competitive structure are incorporated together into a production function system estimated cross‐sectionally for three years and three manufacturing industries in the U.S. The findings demonstrate the importance of the influences of regional industrial competitive structure and diversity on performance.
Evaluating the Importance of Business Location Factors: The Influence of Facility Type
Authors: Kimelberg Shelley M. , Williams Elizabeth 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis study examines two important issues concerning the evaluation of business location factors. First, in contrast to many analyses that seek to determine the influence of a single factor or set of factors on site selection, this study aims to measure the relative importance of a wide range of factors. Second, it investigates the extent to which the perceived importance of a given location factor varies based on the type of facility in question. While there is a substantial amount of research devoted to identifying industry‐specific location factors, little is known about the influence that facility type has on the assessment of location criteria. Drawing on original survey data collected from real estate professionals in the U.S., we found significant differences in the mean ratings for more than half of the 39 location factors on the basis of facility type. In particular, “corporate/office” respondents were significantly more likely than “manufacturing” or “retail” respondents to assign higher ratings to “quality‐of‐life” location factors, such as crime rates, amenities, housing, and schools. We discuss the implications of these findings for future research on location theory.
Location Determinants of New Firms: Does Skill Level of Human Capital Really Matter?
Authors: Arauzo‐Carod Josep‐Maria 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis paper is about the role played by the stock of human capital on location decisions of new manufacturing plants. I analyse the effect of several skill levels (from basic school to PhD) on decisions about the location of plants in various industries and, therefore, of different technological levels. I also test whether spatial aggregation level biases the results and determines the most appropriate areas to be considered in the analyses of these phenomena. My main statistical source is the Register of Manufacturing Establishments of Catalonia, which has plant‐level microdata on the locations of new manufacturing plants.
Sexuality, Migration, and Tourism in the 20th Century U.S.‐Mexico Borderlands
Authors: Medrano Marlene 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe United States‐Mexico border is a site in which ethnic and sexual boundaries are constructed and contested. Spatial mobility has profound effects on perceptions and expressions of sexuality. Recent scholarship on the U.S.‐Mexico borderlands has illuminated the ways in which migration and tourism influence sexual identities, sexual behavior, and state efforts to monitor sexuality. Further research is essential to understanding these intercultural and cross‐class interactions. Furthermore, this is a topic of study that would result in productive interdisciplinary collaboration.
Masculinity and Criminology: The Social Construction of Criminal Man
Authors: McFarlane Helen 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe development of a masculine criminology is something that has been missing from much of the criminological literature. Until recently, there was little consideration given to the concept of masculinity as a tool for understanding men and criminal behaviour. Therefore, this article discusses the relevance of masculinity as a tool for developing our understanding of male criminality with reference to the case of Raoul Moat. The discussion focuses upon the social construction of masculine identity and the relationship that exists between masculinity and criminality as both theoretical and analytical concepts in the study of men and crime.
Perioperative and early oncological outcomes after robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) in morbidly obese patients: a propensity score‐matched study
Authors: Abdul‐Muhsin Haidar , Giedelman Camilo , Samavedi Srinivas , Schatloff Oscar , Coelho Rafael , Rocco Bernardo , Palmer Kenneth , Ebra George , Patel Vipul 
Published: March 2013

Objective
To evaluate the perioperative and pathological outcomes associated with robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) in morbidly obese men.
Patients and Methods
Between January 2008 and March 2012, 3041 patients underwent RARP at our institution by a single surgeon (V.P.).
In all, 44 patients were considered morbidly obese with a body mass index (BMI) of ≥40 kg/m2.
A propensity score‐matched analysis was conducted using multivariable analysis to identify comparable groups of patients with a BMI of ≥40 and <40 kg/m2.
Perioperative, pathological outcomes and complications were compared between the two matched groups.
Results
There was no significant difference in operative time. However, the mean estimated blood loss was higher in morbidly obese patients, at a mean (sd) of 113 (41) vs 130 (27) mL (P = 0.049).
Anastomosis was more difficult in morbidly obese patients (P = 0.001).
There were no significant differences in laterality, ease of nerve sparing, or transfusion rate between the groups.
There were no intraoperative complications in either group. Postoperative pathological outcomes were similar between the groups.
Differences in positive surgical margins and ease of nerve sparing approached statistical significance (P = 0.097, P = 0.075 respectively). Postoperative complication rates, pain scores, length of stay and indwelling catheter duration were similar in the groups.
Conclusions
RARP in morbidly obese patients is technically demanding. However, it can be accomplished with acceptable morbidity and resource use.
In the hands of an experienced surgeon, it is a safe procedure and offers beneficial clinical outcomes.
The Role of Information and Communications Technologies in Migrants from Tunisia's Jasmine Revolution
Authors: Paradiso Maria 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe role of information and communications technologies (ICTs) in the Arab Spring of 2011 has been widely discussed in the popular media, but has received little scholarly attention. This paper presents the results of field work carried out at the Italian island of Lampedusa in March 2011, which investigated migrants' use of the Internet and mobile communications technologies while still in their North African countries of origin, and the influence of ICTs on recent democratic movements there. Empirical work proved that the use of digital social networks helped to break migrants' isolation, spread information and indignation, and virally coordinated demonstrations. The paper stresses the role of emotions and affect in this process, injecting these into regional analysis.