bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Threat of paediatric hyperthermia in an enclosed vehicle: a year-round study
Authors: Duzinski Sarah V , Barczyk Amanda N , Wheeler Tareka C , Iyer Sujit S , Lawson Karla A 
Published: November 2013

ObjectiveTo describe temperature change throughout the workday in an enclosed vehicle in Austin, Texas across the calendar year while accounting for heat index.MethodsIn this observational study, vehicular temperature was measured 1 day per month during 2012 in Austin, Texas. Data were recorded at 5-min intervals via an EL-USB-1-PRO digital temperature sensor from 8:00 to 16:00. Selected days were primarily cloud-free (with ‘clear’ or ‘few clouds’) with a predicted ambient temperature high within ±20°F of the 30-year normal high. Referent temperature and 30-year normal data were collected via the nearest National Weather Service (NWS) weather station. The NWS heat index and corresponding hazard levels were used as a guideline for this study.ResultsPer NWS guidelines, the enclosed vehicle temperature rose to ‘danger’ levels of ≥105°F (41°C) in all months except January and December and to ‘extreme caution’ levels of ≥90°F (32°C) in every month of the year. In June, the vehicle rose to ≥105°F (41°C) by 9:25. The hottest vehicular temperature achieved was 137°F (58°C). In 9 months of the year, the vehicle reached ≥90°F (32°C) by noon. We also found that an ambient temperature as low as 68°F was associated with vehicular temperatures ≥105°F (41°C).ConclusionsInfants and children in states that experience mild winter temperatures face the threat of vehicular hyperthermia disability and death across the calendar year. Prevention efforts that focus on awareness of a childhood heat vulnerability, parental perception of susceptibility to forgetting a child in a vehicle and universal availability of vehicular safety devices may reduce paediatric vehicular hyperthermia death.
The NADH Oxidase ENOX1, a Critical Mediator of Endothelial Cell Radiosensitization, Is Crucial for Vascular Development
Authors: Venkateswaran Amudhan , Sekhar Konjeti R. , Levic Daniel S. , Melville David B. , Clark Travis A. , Rybski Witold M. , Walsh Alexandra J. , Skala Melissa C. , Crooks Peter A. , Knapik Ela W. , Freeman Michael L. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
ENOX1 is a highly conserved NADH oxidase that helps to regulate intracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide levels in many cell types, including endothelial cells. Pharmacologic and RNA interference (RNAi)–mediated suppression of ENOX1 impairs surrogate markers of tumor angiogenesis/vasculogenesis, providing support for the concept that ENOX1 represents an antiangiogenic druggable target. However, direct genetic evidence that demonstrates a role for ENOX1 in vascular development is lacking. In this study, we exploited a zebrafish embryonic model of development to address this question. Whole-mount in situ hybridization coupled with immunofluorescence performed on zebrafish embryos demonstrate that enox1 message and translated protein are expressed in most tissues, and its expression is enriched in blood vessels and heart. Morpholino-mediated suppression of Enox1 in Tg(fli1-eGFP) and Tg(flk1-eGFP) zebrafish embryos significantly impairs the development of vasculature and blood circulation. Using in vivo multiphoton microscopy, we show that morpholino-mediated knockdown of enox1 increases NADH levels, consistent with loss of enzyme. VJ115 is a small-molecule inhibitor of Enox1′s oxidase activity shown to increase intracellular NADH in endothelial cells; we used VJ115 to determine if the oxidase activity was crucial for vascular development. We found that VJ115 suppressed vasculogenesis in Tg(fli1-eGFP) embryos and impaired circulation. Previously, it was shown that suppression of ENOX1 radiosensitizes proliferating tumor vasculature, a consequence of enhanced endothelial cell apoptosis. Thus, our current findings, coupled with previous research, support the hypothesis that ENOX1 represents a potential cancer therapy target, one that combines molecular targeting with cytotoxic sensitization. Cancer Res; 74(1); 38–43. ©2013 AACR.
Aneurysm Global Epidemiology Study
Authors: Sidloff David , Stather Philip , Dattani Nikesh , Bown Matthew , Thompson John , Sayers Robert , Choke Edward 
Published: November 2013

Background—
Contemporary data from Western populations suggest steep declines in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) mortality; however, international trends are unclear. This study aimed to investigate global AAA mortality trends and to analyze any association with common cardiovascular risk factors.

Methods and Results—

AAA mortality (1994–2010) using
International Classification of Diseases
codes were extracted from the World Health Organization mortality database and age standardized. The World Health Organization InfoBase and International Mortality and Smoking Statistics provided risk factor data. Nineteen World Health Organization member states were included (Europe, 14; Australasia, 2; North America, 2; Asia, 1). Regression analysis of temporal trends in cardiovascular risk factors (1946–2010) was done independently for correlations to AAA mortality trends. Global AAA mortality trends show substantial heterogeneity, with the United States and United Kingdom recording the greatest national decline, whereas internationally, male individuals and those <75 years of age demonstrated the greatest reductions. AAA mortality has increased in Hungary, Romania, Austria, and Denmark; therefore, the mortality decline is not universal. A positive linear relationship exists between global trends in systolic blood pressure (
P
≤0.03), cholesterol (
P
≤0.03), and smoking prevalence (
P
≤0.02) in males and females. Body mass index demonstrated a negative linear association with AAA mortality (
P
≤0.007), whereas fasting blood glucose showed no association.

Conclusions—
AAA mortality has not declined globally, and this study reveals that differences between nations can be explained by variations in traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Declines in smoking prevalence correlate most closely with declines in AAA mortality, and a novel obesity paradox has been identified that requires further investigation. Public health measures could therefore further reduce global AAA mortality, with greatest benefits in the younger age group.
Three extensions of Ćirić quasicontraction on partial metric spaces
Authors: Ilić Dejan , Pavlović Vladimir , Rakočević Vladimir 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
In this paper we define and study three extensions of the notion of Ćirić quasicontraction to the context of partial metric spaces. For such mappings, we prove fixed point theorems. Among other things, we generalize a recent result of Altun, Sola and Simsek, of Ilić et al., of Matthews, and the main result of Ćirić is also recovered. The theory is illustrated by some examples.

MSC:15A09, 15A24.
Transcription factor regulation and cytokine expression following in vitro infection of primary chicken cell culture with low pathogenic avian influenza virus
Authors: Jiang Haijun , Yu Kangzhen , Kapczynski Darrell R 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackgroundAvian influenza virus (AIV) induced proinflammatory cytokine expression is believed to contribute to the disease pathogenesis following infection of poultry. However, there is limited information on the avian immune response to infection with low pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAIV).MethodsTo gain a better understanding of the early viral-host interactions of LPAIV in chickens, primary chicken embryo hepatocytes (CEH) were infected with four different LPAIVs of U.S. origin. Kinetics of virus replication, transcription factor (c-Jun, p50 and IRF-3) activation and immune response gene (IL-6, IL-1beta, IFN-alpha and Mx) expression were studied at four different time points (6, 12, 24 and 48 hours) post infection and compared to non-infected controls.ResultsCEH can support growth of the tested LPAIVs when with trypsin supplementation. All four immune response genes tested were upregulated following infection as were transcription factors c-Jun, p50 and IRF-3. Amplification of these genes was dependant on virus replication (e.g. inclusion of trypsin), such that immune response genes and transcription factors were upregulated as viral titers increased.ConclusionThe results of these studies demonstrate the requirement of virus replication for innate immune regulation and broaden our understanding of transcription factor responses related to LPAIV infection in chickens.
Anisotropy in plastic deformation of extruded magnesium alloy sheet during tensile straining at high temperature
Authors: Cipoletti David E , Bower Allan F , Krajewski Paul E 
Published: November 2013

AbstractExperimental measurements are used to characterize the anisotropy of flow stress in extruded magnesium alloy AZ31 sheet during uniaxial tension tests at temperatures between 350°C and 450°C, and strain rates ranging from 10-5 to 10-2 s-1. The sheet exhibits lower flow stress and higher tensile ductility when loaded with the tensile axis perpendicular to the extrusion direction compared to when it is loaded parallel to the extrusion direction. This anisotropy is found to be grain size, strain rate, and temperature dependent, but is only weakly dependent on texture. A microstructure based model (D. E. Cipoletti, A. F. Bower, P. E. Krajewski, Scr. Mater., 64 (2011) 931–934) is used to explain the origin of the anisotropic behavior. In contrast to room temperature behavior, where anisotropy is principally a consequence of the low resistance to slip on the basal slip system, elevated temperature anisotropy is found to be caused by the grain structure of extruded sheet. The grains are elongated parallel to the extrusion direction, leading to a lower effective grain size perpendicular to the extrusion direction. As a result, grain boundary sliding occurs more readily if the material is loaded perpendicular to the extrusion direction.
False-Positive [18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose-Avid Lymph Nodes on Positron Emission Tomography–Computed Tomography After Allogeneic but Not Autologous Stem-Cell Transplantation in Patients With Lymphoma
Authors: Ulaner Gary A. , Lilienstein Joshua , Gönen Mithat , Maragulia Jocelyn , Moskowitz Craig H. , Zelenetz Andrew D. 
Published: November 2013

Purpose Determine the clinical significance of [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)–avid lesions in patients with lymphoma treated with stem-cell transplantation. Methods All patients who underwent stem-cell transplantation for lymphoma at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center between January 2005 and December 2009 and had post-transplantation FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) examinations were included. PET/CT examinations were evaluated for FDG-avid lesions suggestive of disease. Clinical records, biopsy results, and subsequent imaging examinations were evaluated for malignancy. Results Two hundred fifty-one patients were identified, 107 with allogeneic and 144 with autologous stem-cell transplantation. Of allogeneic stem-cell transplantation recipients, 50 had FDG-avid lesions suggestive of lymphoma, defined as FDG-avidity greater than liver background. However, only 29 of these 50 demonstrated lymphoma on biopsy, whereas biopsy attempts were benign in the other 21 patients. Sensitivity analysis determined that a 1.5-cm short axis nodal measurement distinguished patients with malignant from nonmalignant biopsies. In 21 of 22 patients with FDG-avid lymph nodes ≤ 1.5 cm, biopsy attempts were benign. In the absence of treatment, these nodes either resolved or were stable on repeat imaging. Disease-free survival of patients with FDG-avid ≤ 1.5 cm lymph nodes was comparable with patients without FDG-avid lesions. In comparison, autologous stem-cell transplantation patients rarely demonstrated FDG-avid lesions suggestive of disease without malignant pathology. Conclusion Twenty percent (21 of 107) of patients with an allogeneic stem-cell transplantation demonstrated FDG-avid lymph nodes up to 1.5 cm in short axis on PET/CT, which did not represent active lymphoma. After allogeneic stem-cell transplantation of patients with lymphoma, benign FDG-avid ≤ 1.5 cm lymph nodes can mimic malignancy.
Identification of PENDRIN (SLC26A4) Mutations in Patients With Congenital Hypothyroidism and “Apparent” Thyroid Dysgenesis
Authors: Kühnen Peter , Turan Serap , Fröhler Sebastian , Güran Tülay , Abali Saygin , Biebermann Heike , Bereket Abdullah , Grüters Annette , Chen Wei , Krude Heiko 
Published: November 2013

Context:
Congenital hypothyroidism, the most frequent endocrine congenital disease, can occur either based on a thyroid hormone biosynthesis defect or can predominantly be due to thyroid dysgenesis. However, a genetic cause could so far only be identified in less than 10% of patients with a thyroid dysgenesis.

Objectives:
Exome sequencing was used for the first time to find additional genetic defects in thyroid dysgenesis.

Patients and Methods:
In a consanguineous family with thyroid dysgenesis, exome sequencing was applied, and findings were further validated by Sanger sequencing in a cohort of 94 patients with thyroid dysgenesis.

Results:
By exome sequencing we identified a homozygous missense mutation (p.Leu597Ser) in the SLC26A4 gene of a patient with hypoplastic thyroid tissue, who was otherwise healthy. In the cohort of patients with thyroid dysgenesis, we observed a second case with a homozygous missense mutation (p.Gln413Arg) in the SLC26A4 gene, who was additionally affected by severe hearing problems. Both mutations were previously described as loss-of-function mutations in patients with Pendred syndrome and nonsyndromic enlarged vestibular aqueduct.

Conclusion:
We unexpectedly identified SLC26A4 mutations that were hitherto diagnosed in thyroid dyshormonogenesis patients, now for the first time in patients with structural thyroid defects. This result resembles the historic description of thyroid atrophy in patients with the so-called myxedematous form of cretinism after severe iodine deficiency. Most likely the thyroid defect of the two homozygous SLC26A4 gene mutation carriers represents a kind of secondary thyroid atrophy, rather than a primary defect of thyroid development in the sense of thyroid agenesis. Our study extends the variable clinical spectrum of patients with SLC26A4 mutations and points out the necessity to analyze the SLC26A4 gene in patients with apparent thyroid dysgenesis in addition to the known candidate genes TSHR, PAX8, NKX2.1, NKX2.5, and FOXE1.
Spacelike hypersurfaces in anti-de Sitter space
Authors: Zhu Y. , Hu W. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
In this paper, we study closed spacelike hypersurfaces in anti-de Sitter space. Using the Bonnet-Myers theorem, we obtain a rigidity theorem for spacelike hypersurfaces without the constancy condition on the mean curvature or the scalar curvature.
Reducing Central Line–Associated Bloodstream Infections in North Carolina NICUs
Authors: Fisher David , Cochran Keith M. , Provost Lloyd P. , Patterson Jacquelyn , Bristol Tara , Metzguer Karen , Smith Brian , Testoni Daniela , McCaffrey Martin J. 
Published: November 2013

OBJECTIVE:
Central lines in NICUs have long dwell times. Success in reducing central line–associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) requires a multidisciplinary team approach to line maintenance and insertion. The Perinatal Quality Collaborative of North Carolina (PQCNC) CLABSI project supported the development of NICU teams including parents, the implementation of an action plan with unique bundle elements and a rigorous reporting schedule. The goal was to reduce CLABSI rates by 75%.

METHODS:
Thirteen NICUs participated in an initiative developed over 3 months and deployed over 9 months. Teams participated in monthly webinars and quarterly face-to-face learning sessions. NICUs reported on bundle compliance and National Health Surveillance Network infection rates at baseline, during the intervention, and 3 and 12 months after the intervention. Process and outcome indicators were analyzed using statistical process control methods (SPC).

RESULTS:
Near-daily maintenance observations were requested for all lines with a 68% response rate. SPC analysis revealed a trend to an increase in bundle compliance. We also report significant adoption of a new maintenance bundle element, central line removal when enteral feedings reached 120 ml/kg per day. The PQCNC CLABSI rate decreased 71%, from 3.94 infections per 1000 line days to 1.16 infections per 1000 line days with sustainment 1 year later (P = .01).

CONCLUSIONS:
A collaborative structure targeting team development, family partnership, unique bundle elements and strict reporting on line care produced the largest reduction in CLABSI rates for any multiinstitutional NICU collaborative.
Catechol-modified Chitosan System as a Bio-amplifier for Schizophrenia Treatment Analysis
Authors: Ben-Yoav Hadar , Winkler Thomas E. , Kim Eunkyoung , Kelly Deanna L. , Payne Gregory F. , Ghodssi Reza 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTClozapine remains the most effective antipsychotic for management of schizophrenia, one of the most challenging mental disorders. Yet, this medication is underutilized due to the frequent blood draws associated with monitoring adverse side effects and maintaining effective drug levels in the body. Lab-on-a-chip (LOC)-based diagnostics at the point-of-care could decrease the burden on patients and doctors, enable personalized medicine, and improve treatment outcomes. Towards that goal, we present the development of an electrochemically active biomaterial probe to facilitate monitoring of clozapine as part of patient’s treatment regimen. The probe consists of the naturally derived polymer chitosan modified with catechol to provide a redox capacitor system, allowing for significant amplification. We demonstrate a 3- fold increase of the electrochemical signal generated by clozapine with the catechol-modified chitosan system over bare gold electrodes. The improved signal-to-noise ratio and overall performance of the bio-amplifier yield a detection limit below 1 μM, thus sufficient for the clinically relevant range of 1–3 μM. We further characterize the robustness of the biomaterial system with respect to re-use and storage, and demonstrate retention of its amplification characteristics when implemented on an electrochemical microchip. Our results align well with the clinical requirements and represent a critical first step in developing a point-of-care device for improved and personalized schizophrenia treatment.
ZnO Thin Film Transistors for Flexible Electronics
Authors: Carcia P. F. , McLean R. S. , Reilly M.H. , Malajovich I. , Sharp K.G. , Agrawal S. , Nunes G. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn flexible electronics, plastic substrates can limit processing temperatures to less than 100° C. Consequently, most semiconductors, including amorphous silicon, may be incompatible with temperature-sensitive plastic substrates. While organic semiconductors may seem well suited to this particular application niche, their stability is questionable and their mobility is often low (∼0.1 cm2/V-s). In this paper we show that ZnO is a promising semiconductor candidate for flexible electronics, because thin film transistors can be fabricated at room temperature with higher mobility (> 1 cm2/V-s) and high on/off ratio (> 104).
Evaluation of the Use of Reverse Osmosis to Eliminate Natural Radionuclides from Water Samples
Authors: Nieto Antonio , Palomo Marta , Ruana Josep , Peñalver Alejandra , Aguilar Carme , Borrull Francesc 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT: The objective of drinking water treatment plants (DWTP) is to supply the population with tap water that is in optimal condition and in compliance with water quality regulations. In the DWTP of L'Ampolla (Tarragona, Spain), slightly high values of gross alpha activity and the amount of salts in the raw water have been observed. Conventional treatment has reduced these levels only minimally. This study tested a tertiary treatment based on reverse osmosis is tested in an industrial pilot plant (240 m3/day) The efficiency of this pilot plant to reduce the gross alpha and beta activities and the activity of some individual radioisotopes (U238, U234, U235 and Ra226) was tested. Results showed that the elimination of alpha emitters was greater than 90%, whereas the elimination of beta emitters was about 35%. Overall, the data provided evidence that the pilot plant is effective for removing different radionuclides that can be present in the incoming water treated. Therefore, tertiary treatment based on reverse osmosis has a positive effect in water quality.
Financial Reporting Policy Committee of the American Accounting Association's Financial Accounting and Reporting Section: Accounting Standard Setting for Private Companies
Authors:   The Financial Reporting Policy Committee of the Financial Accounting and Reporting Section of the American Accounting Association, Bradshaw Mark , Bens Daniel , Frost Carol Ann , Gordon Elizabeth , McVay Sarah , Miller Gregory , Pfeiffer Ray , Plumlee Marlene , Shakespeare Catherine , Thomas Wayne , Wong Franco 
Published: November 2013

SYNOPSISIn this paper, we (the Financial Reporting Policy Committee of the American Accounting Association's Financial Accounting and Reporting Section) consider the 2011 Plan to Establish the Private Company Standards Improvement Council authored by the Financial Accounting Foundation (FAF). The FAF's proposal called for a standard-setting approach more sensitive to the needs of private companies, with the likely outcome being different accounting and disclosure standards for these companies than for public companies.Members of the committee have differences of opinion about the FAF's proposal. Five members generally support the FAF's plan (though raising significant implementation issues), while six oppose it and instead argue against different reporting standards for private companies.In this paper, we discuss three issues and present points and counterpoints for each, along with other related standard-setting concerns. This approach is designed to present our differing views on these issues clearly, to help standard setters, preparers, users, and academics form their own views on this highly controversial matter.
Solving ill-posed magnetic inverse problem using a Parameterized Trust-Region Sub-problem
Authors: Abdelazeem Maha Mohamed 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to find a plausible and stable solution for the inverse geophysical magnetic problem. Most of the inverse problems in geophysics are considered as ill-posed ones. This is not necessarily due to complex geological situations, but it may arise because of ill-conditioned kernel matrix. To deal with such ill-conditioned matrix, one may truncate the most ill part as in truncated singular value decomposition method (TSVD). In such a method, the question will be where to truncate? In this paper, for comparison, we first try the adaptive pruning algorithm for the discrete L-curve criterion to estimate the regularization parameter for TSVD method. Linear constraints have been added to the ill-conditioned matrix. The same problem is then solved using a global optimizing and regularizing technique based on Parameterized Trust Region Sub-problem (PTRS). The criteria of such technique are to choose a trusted region of the solutions and then to find the satisfying minimum to the objective function. The ambiguity is controlled mainly by proper choosing the trust region. To overcome the natural decay in kernel with depth, a specific depth weighting function is used. A Matlab-based inversion code is implemented and tested on two synthetic total magnetic fields contaminated with different levels of noise to simulate natural fields. The results of PTRS are compared with those of TSVD with adaptive pruning L-curve. Such a comparison proves the high stability of the PTRS method in dealing with potential field problems. The capability of such technique has been further tested by applying it to real data from Saudi Arabia and Italy.