bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rickettsiella
Authors: Fournier Pierre‐Edouard , Raoult Didier 
Published: August 2015

Rick.ett.si.el' la. M.L. dim. ‐ellaending; M.L. fem. n.Rickettsiagenus of parasitic bacteria; M.L. fem. n.RickettsiellasmallRickettsia.Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Legionellales / Coxiellaceae / RickettsiellaRod‐ or disk‐shaped organisms, developing intracellularly into larger particles that multiply and then condense to reform the smaller formsin a cycle that resembles that ofChlamydia. Sometimes produce or induce the formation of large crystalline bodies. Gram negative.Grow in cell vacuoles of the fat body, hepatopancreas, and other organs of insects and other invertebrate hosts. In some instances the organisms have been cultivated in invertebrates other than the host of origin, but such cultivation has occurred rarely and only for a few passages in vertebrate and invertebrate cell cultures and in a cell‐free medium.Pathogenic for the larvae of the host species and for young and mature stages of other invertebrate hosts. Pathogenicity for vertebrate hosts demonstrated only in a mouse experimental model. Natural hosts include insects, crustaceans, and arachnids.The mol%G+C of the DNA is: 36–41.Type species:Rickettsiella popilliae(Dutky and Gooden 1952) Philip 1956, 267 (Coxiella popilliaeDutky and Gooden 1952, 749)
Legionella
Authors: Winn Washington C. 
Published: August 2015

Le.gi.on. el' la. M.L. n.legiolegion or army; M.L. dim. ending ‐ella; M.L. fem. n.Legionellasmall legion or army.Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Legionellales / Legionellaceae / LegionellaAs the only genus in the family, the definition ofLegionellais identical to that ofLegionellaceae.Aerobic.l‐cysteine‐HCl and iron salts are required for growth. Oxidase negative or weakly positive. Nitrates are not reduced. Urease negative. Gelatin is liquefied by most species. Chemoorganotrophic, using amino acids as carbon and energy sources.Carbohydrates are neither fermented nor oxidized(Tables BXII.γ.56 and BXII.γ.57).Branched chain fatty acidspredominate in whole cell hydrolysate (Table BXII.γ.58). All species contain ubiquinones with 9–14 isoprene units in the side chains (Table BXII.γ.59).The mol%G+C of the DNA is: 38–52.Type species:Legionella pneumophilaBrenner, Steigerwalt and McDade 1979, 658.
Thioesterifications Free of Activating Agent and Thiol: A Three‐Component Reaction of Carboxylic Acids, Thioureas, and Michael Acceptors
Authors: Swain Sharada Prasanna , Chou Yen‐Lin , Hou Duen‐Ren 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAn amine‐catalyzed, one‐pot synthesis of thioesters directly from carboxylic acids, thioureas, and Michael acceptors is described. This process was further improved by use of 1‐[2‐(methylamino)ethyl]‐3‐phenylthiourea (4) as the catalyst. Aromatic and aliphatic carboxylic acids with functional groups are compatible with this process, and both α,β‐unsaturated esters and ketones can be the Michael acceptors for this reaction. The progress of this reaction was monitored by 1H NMR, and a reaction mechanism is proposed.magnified image
Strategies for decreasing contamination of homemade nasal saline irrigation solutions
Authors: Hardy Elliot T. , Stringer Scott P. , O'Callaghan Richard , Arana Angela , Bierdeman Michael A. , May Warren L. 
Published: August 2015

BackgroundSaline nasal irrigations (SNI) are an important adjunct in the treatment of rhinosinusitis, and many patients prepare and store these solutions in their homes without an awareness of the potential for contamination. The objectives of this study were to determine if such contamination occurs and the effect of preparation methods on contamination.MethodsStock solutions of various tonicities and pHs were prepared using boiled, bottled, and distilled water (n = 57). The solutions were stored at ambient temperature or refrigerated for 1 week. Each day, 50 mL of the solutions were decanted to simulate transferring the stock solution into an irrigation vector. Cultures of the stock solutions were taken on days 1, 3, and 7.ResultsOverall contamination rate was 35.1%. The boiled water solutions were more likely to demonstrate bacterial growth (p < 0.001), as were those that were hypotonic (p = 0.046). pH had no significant effect (p = 0.127). Growth occurred as early as 24 hours after solution preparation. Pathogenic species isolated were Staphylococcus aureus, Moraxella sp, Sphingomonas paucimobilis, Acinetobacter junii, Methylobacterium sp, and Brevundimonas diminuta. No bacterial growth occurred in refrigerated solutions (p = 0.008).ConclusionPathogenic bacterial growth can occur in a short period of time in homemade SNI solutions with routine handling. Solutions should be refrigerated if possible. If solutions are to be stored at ambient temperature, they should be either isotonic or hypertonic and prepared from bottled or distilled water.
Stromlose Abscheidung von III‐V‐Halbleiternanostrukturen aus ionischen Flüssigkeiten bei Raumtemperatur
Authors: Lahiri Abhishek , Borisenko Natalia , Olschewski Mark , Gustus René , Zahlbach Janine , Endres Frank 
Published: August 2015

AbstractHalbleiternanostrukturen der Gruppe III–V sind wichtige Materialien für optoelektronische Anwendungen und werden im Energiesektor erforscht. Ein einfacher Ansatz für die Synthese dieser Halbleiter mit klar strukturierten Nanostrukturen wird angestrebt. Die stromlose Abscheidung ist eine schnelle und vielseitige Methode für die Abscheidung eines Materials auf einem anderen und wird durch das Redox‐Potential der zwei Materialien bestimmt. Hier zeigen wir, dass GaSb bei Raumtemperatur durch stromlose Abscheidung aus SbCl3/ionische Flüssigkeit (IL) auf elektrochemisch abgeschiedenem Ga, auf Ga‐Nanodrähten und auf kommerziell erhältlichem Ga direkt hergestellt werden kann. In‐situ‐AFM‐Messungen belegen die stromlose Abscheidung von Sb auf Ga und zeigen, dass der Prozess nach der Bildung von GaSb sogar weiter fortschreitet. Die Bandlücke des abgeschiedenen GaSb ist mit (0.9±0.1) eV vergleichbar mit der bekannten Bandlücke von 0.7 eV. Ferner beeinflusst der Wechsel des Kations der IL den Redoxprozess hinsichtlich verschiedener optischer Eigenschaften des GaSb.
Direct Transformation of Esters into Arenes with 1,5‐Bifunctional Organomagnesium Reagents
Authors: Link Achim , Fischer Christian , Sparr Christof 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA direct transformation of carboxylic acid esters into arenes with 1,5‐bifunctional organomagnesium reagents is described. This efficient and practical method enables the one‐step defunctionalization of various carboxylic acid esters to prepare benzene, anthracene, tetracene, and pentacene derivatives. A double nucleophilic addition of the 1,5‐organodimagnesium reagent to the ester is followed by an immediate 1,4‐elimination reaction that leads to the direct [5+1] formation of a new aromatic ring.
Multi‐objective analysis of using U‐turns as alternatives to direct left turns at two‐way stop‐controlled intersections
Authors: Yang Zhao , Liu Pan , Zhang Yuanyuan , Ragland David 
Published: August 2015

SummaryThis study aims to propose a method to conduct multi‐objective analysis of traffic treatments by taking into consideration multiple external impacts. To illustrate the procedure, the economic benefit of converting a two‐way stop‐controlled (TWSC) intersection to a right turn followed by U‐turn (RTUT) intersection was calculated, considering not only the safety impacts but also the operational and environmental impacts. First, vissim simulation models were developed to obtain the total travel time, vehicle emissions, and fuel consumption for the intersection both before and after the treatment. The operational impact was calculated as the travel time saving benefits. The environmental impact was calculated as the reduction in vehicle emissions and fuel consumption costs. The safety impact was estimated as the crash reduction benefits for the RTUT treatment using safety performance functions and crash modification factors (CMFs). CMFs were estimated using meta‐analysis methods. Finally, the life‐cycle cost method was used to combine different components in the total benefit. The Monte Carlo simulation method was used to conduct uncertainty analysis by using random sampling from probability descriptions of uncertain input variables to generate a probabilistic description of results. The findings showed that, first, the benefits with the use of RTUT treatment can be countervailing even for a single objective. Second, the net present value associated with the RTUT treatment increased with an increase in the proportion of left‐turn traffic from the major street when the percentage of left‐turn traffic from the major street was from 0% to 22% and became stable after that. The study illustrates the detailed process of evaluating projects considering multiple objectives. This process offers policy and decision makers a solid and practical reference using existing guidebooks and software. The findings also provide suggestions about the suitable condition to install RTUT treatments at TWSC intersections. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Strategic supply system design – a holistic evaluation of operational and production cost for a biorefinery supply chain
Authors: Lamers Patrick , Tan Eric C.D. , Searcy Erin M. , Scarlata Christopher J. , Cafferty Kara G. , Jacobson Jacob J. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractPioneer cellulosic biorefineries across the United States rely on a conventional feedstock supply system based on one‐year contracts with local growers, who harvest, locally store, and deliver feedstock in low‐density format to the conversion facility. While the conventional system is designed for high biomass yield areas, pilot scale operations have experienced feedstock supply shortages and price volatilities due to reduced harvests and competition from other industries. Regional supply dependency and the inability to actively manage feedstock stability and quality, provide operational risks to the biorefinery, which translate into higher investment risk. The advanced feedstock supply system based on a network of depots can mitigate many of these risks and enable wider supply system benefits. This paper compares the two concepts from a system‐level perspective beyond mere logistic costs. It shows that while processing operations at the depot increase feedstock supply costs initially, they enable wider system benefits including supply risk reduction (leading to lower interest rates on loans), industry scale‐up, conversion yield improvements, and reduced handling equipment and storage costs at the biorefinery. When translating these benefits into cost reductions per liter of gasoline equivalent (LGE), we find that total cost reductions between –$0.46 to –$0.21 per LGE for biochemical and –$0.32 to –$0.12 per LGE for thermochemical conversion pathways are possible. Naturally, these system level benefits will differ between individual actors along the feedstock supply chain. Further research is required with respect to depot sizing, location, and ownership structures. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining published by Society of Industrial Chemistry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
A virtual laboratory for system simulation and control with undergraduate curriculum
Authors: Ayas Mustafa S. , Altas Ismail H. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTSystem modelling and simulation are essential in engineering especially in automatic control systems (ACS) engineering. At many universities, undergraduate curricula include systems and control courses with dynamic modelling and simulations in their syllabi. In order to design a controller for a physical system, one has to know the operational behaviors of that system very well so that a proper controller could be designed. Keeping this in mind, educational computer‐aided software with a user‐friendly visual interface was developed. The software provides an opportunity for students to simulate physical systems without and with the controllers they designed. Since it was developed to accompany undergraduate control system courses, the main purpose of this software was to create an interactive, practical, visual, and functional environment for the students who taking ACS courses. Therefore, it was called as virtual control laboratory (VCL). Basically, the students were able to design and simulate classical proportional‐integral‐derivative (PID) controllers and fuzzy logic controller (FLC). Besides, any other type of compensator with a transfer function or a state space model can be also combined with the physical system model for simulation and analysis. A laboratory type scope with two input channels was embedded in VCL in order to visually see and analyze the simulation results in the time domain. Responses from the students taking ACS course were also given to evaluate the proposed educational software from students' point of view. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput. Appl. Eng. Educ. 24:122–130, 2016; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21678
Safe tracheostomy: blunt puncture and dilation after minimal surgical exposure of the trachea (BPAD tracheostomy)
Authors: Matsumoto Hisatake , Ohnishi Mitsuo , Wakai Akinori , Hirose Tomoya , Mori Nobuto , Tachino Jotaro , Sadamitsu Daikai , Shimazu Takeshi 
Published: August 2015

Key Clinical MessageA number of complications can occur following both surgical tracheostomy (ST) and percutaneous tracheostomy (PT). A flexible new tracheostomy insertion technique with the advantages of both ST and PT is proposed to reduce these complications. Our blunt puncture and dilation technique (BPAD tracheostomy) appears to be technically safe and feasible to perform.
Controlled Photocatalytic Aerobic Oxidation of Thiols to Disulfides in an Energy‐Efficient Photomicroreactor
Authors: Su Yuanhai , Talla Ali , Hessel Volker , Noël Timothy 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe photocatalytic aerobic oxidation of thiols to disulfides was investigated in a photomicroreactor. The base in this protocol allows to activate the photocatalyst and to facilitate a proton‐coupled electron transfer. On this basis, a mechanism was postulated for the photocatalytic aerobic oxidation. The photon/energy efficiency of the photomicroreactor is described. By varying the power supply, the effect of the photon flux on the yield of the photocatalytic process could be demonstrated. The effective photoelectric transformation efficiency was rather low, which indicated that sufficient cooling is required to dissipate non‐productive energy. Under optimal reaction conditions, the photonic efficiency substantially increased compared to batch reactors and other photomicroreactors. This could be attributed to the similar dimensions of the capillary photomicroreactor and the light‐emitting diode light source, which minimizes energy losses due to unfocused light irradiation.
The Cytotoxicity of Layered Black Phosphorus
Authors: Latiff Naziah Mohamad , Teo Wei Zhe , Sofer Zdenek , Fisher Adrian C. , Pumera Martin 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBlack phosphorus (BP), the latest addition to the family of 2D layered materials, has attracted much interest owing to potential optoelectronics, nanoelectronics, and biomedicine applications. Little is known about its toxicity, such as whether it could be as toxic as white phosphorus. In response to the possibility of BP employment into commercial products and biomedical devices, its cytotoxicity to human lung carcinoma epithelial cells (A549) was investigated. Following a 24 h exposure of the cells with different BP concentrations, cell viability assessments were conducted using water‐soluble tetrazolium salt (WST‐8) and methylthiazolyldiphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays. The toxicological effects were found to be dose‐dependent, with BP reducing cell viabilities to 48 % (WST‐8) and 34 % (MTT) at 50 μg mL−1 exposure. This toxicity was observed to be generally intermediate between that of graphene oxides and exfoliated transition‐metal dichalcogenides (MoS2, WS2, WSe2). The relatively low toxicity paves the way to utilization of black phosphorus.
Selective Interaction of Dopamine with the Self‐Assembled Fibrillar Network of a Molecular Hydrogel Revealed by STD‐NMR
Authors: Segarra‐Maset María D. , Escuder Beatriu , Miravet Juan F. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA molecular hydrogel formed by a derivative of L‐valine with pendant isonicotinoyl moieties interacts selectively with protonated dopamine in the presence of related compounds such as 3‐methylcatechol, and protonated or neutral phenethylamine. A two‐point interaction with the gel fibers is postulated to explain the results. The conclusions are obtained from nuclear magnetic resonance saturation transfer experiments (STD‐NMR), illustrating how this technique is perfectly suited to monitor the interaction of substrates with the fibrillar network of a molecular gel.
ChemInform Abstract: Conductivity and Redox Stability of Perovskite Oxide SrFe1‐xTixO3‐δ (x ≤ 0.3).
Authors: Cowin Peter I. , Lan Rong , Petit Christophe T. G. , Tao Shanwen 
Published: August 2015

AbstractSamples of SrFe1‐xTixO3‐δ (x = 0‐0.3) are prepared by sol‐gel reaction of stoichiometric amounts of Sr(NO3)2, Fe(NO3)3,Ti(O‐iPr)3, and citric acid in a 2:1 EtOH/H2O solution followed by firing of the obtained gel and sintering of pressed pellets (1300 °C, 17 h).
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Performance Transition Metal‐Doped Pt3Ni Octahedra for Oxygen Reduction Reaction.
Authors: Mueller T. , et al.  
Published: August 2015

AbstractPt3Ni octahedral nanoparticles supported on carbon black are prepared from solutions of Pt(acac)2 and Ni(acac)2 in DMF and benzoic acid as structure directing agent.
ChemInform Abstract: Hybrid Uranyl—Vanadium Nano‐Wheels.
Authors: Senchyk G. A. , Wylie E. M. , Prizio S. , Szymanowski J. E. S. , Sigmon G. E. , Burns P. C. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe crystal structures of (IVa, b) and (V) are determined by single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of Arylglycine Derivatives via Palladium‐Catalyzed α‐Arylation of a Chiral Nickel(II) Glycinate.
Authors: Zhang Fan , Sun Hengzhi , Song Zhuang , Zhou Shuxi , Wen Xiaoan , Xu Qing‐Long , Sun Hongbin 
Published: August 2015

AbstractStructurally diverse aryl bromides are well tolerated in the α‐arylation reaction with a chiral nickel(II) glycinate complex.
ChemInform Abstract: Enzyme‐Catalyzed Regio‐ and Enantioselective Preparative Scale Synthesis of (S)‐2‐Hydroxy Alkanones.
Authors: Loderer C. , Ansorge‐Schumacher M. B. 
Published: August 2015

Abstractα‐Hydroxy alkanones ((S)‐II) are obtained by stereoselective enzyme‐catalyzed diketone reduction with high enantiomeric purity.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Palladium‐Catalyzed Umpolung Cyclization of Allylic Acetate‐Aldehyde Using Formate as a Reductant.
Authors: Tsukamoto Hirokazu , Kawase Ayumu , Doi Takayuki 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe first example of an enantioselective umpolung cyclization of allylic acetates or aldehydes is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphine‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Intramolecular [3 + 2] Annulations to Generate Fused Ring Systems.
Authors: Lee Sarah Yunmi , Fujiwara Yuji , Nishiguchi Atsuko , Kalek Marcin , Fu Gregory C. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA simple protocol employing the chiral phosphine catalysts (I) is presented for the synthesis of diquinane, fused pyrrolidine, coumarine, and quinoline derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold as Catalyst for the Hydroarylation and Domino Hydroarylation/N1—C4 Cleavage of β‐Lactam‐Tethered Allenyl Indoles.
Authors: Alcaide Benito , Almendros Pedro , Cembellin Sara , Martinez del Campo Teresa 
Published: August 2015

AbstractGold‐catalyzed carbocyclization of the title compounds give corresponding fused tetracyclic indole‐β‐lactams in modest to good yields with high stereo‐ and regioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Cooperative Catalysis of Cyclic Carbonate Ring Opening: Application Towards Non‐Isocyanate Polyurethane Materials.
Authors: Lombardo Vince M. , Dhulst Elizabeth A. , Leitsch Emily K. , Wilmot Nathan , Heath William H. , Gies Anthony P. , Miller Matthew D. , Torkelson John M. , Scheidt Karl A. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe reaction between cyclic carbonates and amines to produce hydroxyurethanes is an important alternative to current urethane chemistry.
ChemInform Abstract: [1,4]‐Aza‐Brook Rearrangement for Efficient Formation of Benzynes and Their Cycloaddition.
Authors: Huang Ze‐Ao , Tang Fan , Xu Yan‐Jun , Lu Chong‐Dao 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe aza‐Brook‐rearrangement of 2‐(trimethylsilyl)aryltriflates 3‐substituted with a secondary benzylic amino group to benzyne intermediates and subsequent inter‐ or intramolecular trapping of the latter with 1,3‐dienes such as furan and pyrrole derivatives as well as alkyl azides or 1,3‐dipoles such as nitrones is elaborated.
ChemInform Abstract: A Green Procedure for Direct Oxidation of Organic Halides to Aldehydes and Ketones Catalyzed by a Molybdate‐Based Catalyst.
Authors: Bayat Ahmad , Shakourian‐Fard Mehdi , Ramezanpour Shaghayegh , Mahmoodi Hashemi Mohammad 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA heterogeneous magnetic catalyst, based on iron oxide nanoparticles and molybdate is used in the direct oxidation of primary and secondary organic halides.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed C—H Activation of N‐Allyl Imines: Regioselective Allylic Alkylations to Deliver Substituted Aza‐1,3‐Dienes.
Authors: Trost Barry M. , Mahapatra Subham , Hansen Martin 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe oxidative addition of cyano substituted esters (II) and (IV) to allylic imines proceeds at the imine carbon to yield 1‐aza‐1,3‐dienes (III) and (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Organic Synthesis Based on the Beckmann Fragmentation: Generation of an Electrophilic Salt Intermediate and Successive C—C Bond Formation Using Gilman Reagents.
Authors: Fujioka Hiromichi , Matsumoto Nao , Ohta Reiya , Yamakawa Maki , Shimizu Nozomi , Kimura Takashi , Murai Kenichi 
Published: August 2015

AbstractVarious α‐alkoxy oximes are converted with collidine to form a collidinium salt intermediate, which reacts with cuprates (II) or (V) to give the corresponding nitriles.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Bicyclic Zirconacyclopentenes with Aldehydes and a Potential Pathway to Condensed 5‐7‐6(Ar) Ring Systems.
Authors: Topolovcan Nikola , Panov Illia , Kotora Martin 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBicyclic zirconacyclopentenes in situ generated by the reactions of different enynes with ZrCl2(Cp)2 undergo chemo‐ and stereoselective insertion of (het)aryl and alkyl aldehydes providing the corresponding alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: Transformation of Ethers into Aldehydes or Ketones: A Catalytic Aerobic Deprotection/Oxidation Pathway.
Authors: Shen Zhenlu , Chen Meng , Fang Tiantian , Li Meichao , Mo Weimin , Hu Baoxiang , Sun Nan , Hu Xinquan 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA facile and efficient protocol is presented for the direct transformation of Pmb‐ether substrates derived from benzylic and aliphatic alcohols into their corresponding carbonyl compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel Nanoparticles Assisted Regioselective Synthesis of Pyrazoloquinolinone and Triazoloquinazolinone Derivatives.
Authors: Singh Nongthombam Geetmani , Nagarajaprakash Rammamorthy , Rani Jims World Star , Kathing Chingrishon , Nongrum Ridaphun , Nongkhlaw Rishanlang 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe protocol avoids the use of toxic reagents.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Catalyzed Monofluoromethylation of Aryl Boronic Acids.
Authors: Su Yi‐Ming , Feng Guang‐Shou , Wang Zhen‐Yu , Lan Quan , Wang Xi‐Sheng 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe reaction of phenylsulfonyl or ester activated monofluoro monohalomethanes with arylboronic acids is achieved in the presence of a nickel catalyst to yield the corresponding fluoromethylaryl derivatives.