bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinicopathological Study of Mediastinal Lesions with Immunohistochemical Study
Authors: Kulkarni Maithili Mandar , Siddhi Gaurish Sinai Khandeparkar , Gogate Bageshri , Lengare Pranoti 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Mediastinum is the central portion of the thoracic cavity, compartmentalization of which into anterior, middle, and posterior compartments is useful in understanding the vast diversity of pathological lesions in this space. Cysts, inflammatory lesions, various primary, and metastatic tumors are found in this region, which tend to have a predilection for specific area of mediastinum depending on histopathological type.

Objective:
The objective was to study the clinicoradiological features and histopathological findings in patients presenting with mediastinal masses in a tertiary care hospital over a period of 10 years.

Materials and Methods:
This is a retrospective cross-sectional study of cases presenting as mediastinal lesions. Detailed clinical history and radiological findings were noted wherever available. Histopathology and immunohistochemical slides were reviewed. The data were analyzed using mean and percentage.

Results:
Twenty-four cases of mediastinal lesions were found in this study. It included 4 nonneoplastic lesions, 12 benign, and 8 malignant neoplastic cases. The age ranged from 3 months to 79 years. About 18 cases (64%) were located in the anterior mediastinum, and thymoma (8/18) was the most common lesion. One case each of pericardial cyst, bronchial cyst, and Hodgkin’s lymphoma were seen in the middle mediastinum. Three cases of schwannoma and one case of neuroendocrine carcinoma were seen in the posterior mediastinum. Pan-cytokeratin, lymphoma panel, neuroendocrine markers, and placental alkaline phosphatase were done in neoplastic lesions to confirm the diagnosis.

Conclusion:
This study reflects the varied mediastinal lesions and importance of triad of clinical, radiological, and meticulous immunohistopathological examination for arriving at an appropriate diagnosis.
Chemical Shift Color Parametric Maps for Quantification and Grading of Hepatic Steatosis in Normal and Abnormal Body Mass Index
Authors: Dhulipala Samanta , Yadav Pratiksha 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The objective of this study is to assess the role of chemical shift color parametric maps for quantification and grading of hepatic steatosis and correlate its association with normal and abnormal body mass index (BMI).

Methodology:
IEC approved cross-sectional study was conducted in 50 cases, classified into normal, overweight/obese groups based on their BMI. In this study, the LiverLab software was used to quantify and grade hepatic steatosis.

Results:
The comparison of proton density fat fraction-fat percentage between the three groups was done using the one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey tests which showed that obese group has the highest value of 14.15 and normal group has the least value of 4.568. This difference is statistically significant with a test value of 82.97 and P < 0.001.

Conclusion:
Chemical shift imaging is a noninvasive and fast acquisition method for hepatic fat quantification and also grades the severity of hepatic steatosis. We could quantify fat percentage of the entire liver, grade and further correlate it with BMI.

Advances in Knowledge:
This can be useful in detecting early cases of liver steatosis and early lifestyle modification changes that can be made to decrease liver fat content and thereby decreasing the burden of silent epidemics such as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and cardiovascular diseases.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices toward COVID-19 during Pandemic among Indian Adults
Authors: Bansod Vaishali Praful , Nannaware Mayavati , Kulkarni Shradhha , Singru Samir , Chawla P.S. , Kalra Khyati 
Published: August 2024

Background:
People's adherence to recommended control measures is influenced by their Knowledge, attitude and practices they are following in COVID-19 Pandemic. So study was carried out to assess Knowledge, attitude and practices regarding COVID-19 among Indian citizens.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was carried out among Indian citizens above 18 years of age using snowball sampling method. Data were collected through Google Forms containing structured questionnaire.

Results:
Totally 678 citizens responded across 20 states of India. More females reported fever, dry cough, tiredness, difficulty in breathing, headache as most common symptoms of covid-19 and sneezing, coughing as way of its transmission than male. This difference was statistically significant. Most of the study participants had favorable attitude and behavior toward COVID-19 infection.

Conclusion:
Majority of the participants have good knowledge, favorable attitude, and practices regarding COVID-19 during this ongoing pandemic situation. Still, continuous awareness with regard to new evidence gathered is needed to break chain of transmission to contain COVID-19 disease. Individual's attitude toward health-care worker and police personnel needs to be improved through behavior change communication activities that enable health-care workers and frontline workers to work proficiently to win the fight against COVID-19.
A Case–Control Study of Lung Cancer at a Tertiary Care Hospital of Western Maharashtra, India
Authors: Maurya Anita , Kumar Raj , Khera Anurag , Kumar Rajeev , Singh Dhananjay Kumar , Dudeja Puja 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally, accounting for an estimated 9.6 million deaths, or one in six deaths, in 2018. Lung, prostate, colorectal, stomach, and liver cancers are the most common types of cancer in men, while breast, colorectal, lung, cervical, and thyroid cancers are the most common among women. The present study attempts to determine the various factors associated with lung cancer in Indian settings.

Objectives:
This study aimed to study various epidemiological and environmental risk factors associated with lung cancer and making suitable recommendations.

Materials and Methods:
The present study is a case–control study and carried out at a tertiary care hospital of India. The population comprised patients attending the hospital for any of their disease conditions. The sample size was calculated as 68 cases and 68 controls. The duration of study was January 2015–June 2017. Ethical clearance was obtained from the college institutional ethics committee before the start of the study. Informed consent was obtained from each subject before the conduct of the study. Data collection was done by a pretested and prestructured questionnaire. Data entry and analysis was entered by researcher and analyzed using SPSS version 20 software.

Results:
On analysis, it was found that the use of tobacco product, duration of incense stick use, and fuel used for cooking food or heating significantly associated with lung cancer.

Conclusions:
The study concluded in bringing out the various epidemiological and other environmental risk factors causing lung cancer.
Pattern of Congenital Birth Defects at a Tertiary Care Center in South India; A Facility-Based Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Nayak Vedavathy , Bharathi A , Arpitha MR , Anushree N , Marimuthu Yamini 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
The prevalence and the pattern of birth defects help in devising strategies to reduce the burden of preventable birth defects. The study aimed to find out the pattern of various congenital anomalies in babies born at ESICMC & PGIMSR Hospital, Bangalore and to identify the associated risk factors, if any.

Material and Methods:
This hospital-based observational study was conducted in the Department of OBG during the period from 2016 to 2019. The data were collected from records and history taken from the antenatal patients with diagnosis of congenital abnormalities delivering at ESICMC & PGIMSR Hospital, Bangalore. Babies born were also assessed for congenital anomalies. Details of maternal age, parity, consanguinity, occupation, and maternal complications like diabetes were collected. The nature and severity of congenital abnormalities were recorded.

Results:
Out of total 11,469 deliveries in the study period, 77 babies were born with congenital anomalies (Prevalence 0.67%). The most common congenital anomalies involved the craniospinal system (53.2%), followed by the musculoskeletal system (19.5%). Multiple anomalies were present in 14.3% children. Anencephaly was the most common CNS anomaly. A history of abortions was present in 26% of women carrying anomalous fetuses. Majority of the anomalies were detected within 24 weeks of gestation (54.5%). A past h/o anomalous fetus or intrauterine fetal demise was present in 7% women.

Conclusions:
Our study observed that previous h/o abortions, history of consanguineous marriage, diabetes mellitus, and previous h/o anomalous fetus/IUD are prevalent among the women with anomalous babies in the study setting. Awareness to a large extent needs to be generated regarding the role of consanguinity as a risk factor for congenital anomalies. The importance of folic acid intake and early diagnosis and management of diabetes also needs to be emphasized. Prenatal diagnosis may be recommended to detect malformations early and plan management accordingly.
Media Consumption during COVID-19 and its Impact on Psychological Well-Being
Authors: Kumari Saloni , Bhagat Saloni , Surbhi Shikha , Singh Mamta 
Published: August 2024

Introduction:
Media have never been as essential as it has become during the time of pandemic. Every information related to disease, prevention, and precaution was on media. Since most of the people confined to their homes, they used media not only to get the information about pandemic but also used media as companion, which enhanced the overall consumption of media significantly. This study aims to assess the changed consumption pattern of media in Indian population before and during the pandemic and its relation to the psychological well-being.

Materials and Methods:
It was a cross-sectional web-based survey. Four hundred and five respondents participated in it. Data analysis was done using descriptive and inferential statistics.

Results:
It was found that media consumption pattern and duration both have changed during the pandemic. There was a significant difference between before and after usage of all types of media. There was also significant difference for viewing media category in demographic subgroups, age (P = 0.000), marital status (P = 0.000), occupation (P = 0.000), and place of living (P = 0.036). Females (odds ratio [OR] =2.045, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.305, 3.203) and retired (OR = 0.039, 95% CI: 0.003, 0.470) were significantly associated with poor mental well-being. Respondents consumed media for sometimes (OR = 2.045, 95% CI: 1.557, 4.012) and frequently (OR = 4.946, 95% CI: 1.995, 12.264) were also associated with poor mental well-being.

Conclusion:
The study demonstrates the existence of poor mental well-being among women and retires more. It also demonstrates that people who preferred watching news more during the pandemic had the chance of suffering from poor mental well-being.
Functional Outcome of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction with Hamstring Graft along with Augmentation of Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate
Authors: Bhamare Dhammapal , Nathani Girish , Shevate Ishan , Deshmukh Ashwin 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Athletic population are more prone to anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears. Surgical intervention is required for ACL tears as it restores the knee function and it prevents early osteoarthritis. In the recent research, there is increasing use of bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) in orthopedic. BMAC provides with mesenchymal stem cells, progenitor cells, and growth factors which have potential benefits in hamstring graft healing after ACL reconstruction.

Methods:
Thirty patients between the age group of 18 and 40 years with complete ACL tear were selected after obtaining approval from institutional research committee and were divided into two groups; control group in which only ACL reconstruction was done and second group in which ACL reconstruction was done augmenting it with BMAC. For the BMAC group, 3 ml of BMAC was obtained in the operation theatre itself and was injected into femoral tunnel and tibial tunnel just before portal suturing. Functional outcome in the form of LYSHOM, Oxford knee score, and International Knee Documentation Committee Scoring Scale was obtained postoperatively after 2 years.

Results:
Most of the patients with augmentation had better functional outcome as compared to those who were not augmented.

Conclusion:
BMAC showed faster and better healing of the graft in ACL reconstruction.
Extent of Involvement of Private Practitioners in Public-Private Mix-Directly Observed Treatment Short Course (PPM-DOTS) for Tuberculosis Management in South Coastal India
Authors: Prakash Mathiyalagen , Rajagopal Anandaraj , Vasudevan Kavita , Subramani Senthil Kumar , Basu Mausumi 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Ensuring the effective participation of both public and private healthcare providers is essential to fulfill the goals of universal access to tuberculosis (TB) care.

Objectives:
The objective was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice about TB, Directly Observed Treatment Short (DOTS) program and Public-Private Mix-DOTS course (PPM-DOTS) strategy among allopathic private practitioners (PP) and to explore their extent of involvement in PPM-DOTS strategy in the diagnosis, notification, and management of TB in Puducherry, India.

Materials and Methods:
A sequential explanatory mixed-method study was conducted from November 2017 to February 2018 with quantitative survey using a pretested semistructured questionnaire followed by in-depth interview (IDI) using field guide. Descriptive manual content analysis was performed after verbatim transcription of the manuscripts from IDIs.

Results:
Qualitative data based on survey revealed that 97.66% of PPs were aware of subjecting patients with cough for more than 2 weeks for sputum examination and 93.75% were aware of mandatory TB notification. About 88.28% preferred to get the investigation done for presumptive TB cases from nearby DOTS centers. About 89.06% preferred to refer TB cases to nearby primary health centers whereas only 20.31% preferred to notify TB cases. IDIs revealed that PPM-DOTS was not utilized optimally due to the following reasons: minimal TB caseload to collaborate and function with DOTS centers, fear of losing the patient, distrust in PP, busy schedule, availability of Anti-tubercular treatment (ATT) in the nearby pharmacy, breach of confidentiality while notification and finally the easy referral mechanism due to nearby DOTS centers.

Conclusions:
Involvement of PPs in PPM-DOTS remains sub-optimal. Strategies such as conducting regular workshops, providing timely information about policy changes, and constructive communications individually with PPs to dispel any misconceptions might enhance PPM-DOTS.
Analysis of accuracy of twelve intraocular lens power calculation formulas for eyes with axial hyperopia
Authors: Stopyra Wiktor 
Published: August 2024

PURPOSE:
The purpose was to compare twelve intraocular lens power calculation formulas for eyes smaller than 22.0 mm in terms of absolute error (AE), the percentage of postoperative emmetropia, and agreement interval in Bland–Altman analysis.

METHODS:
The data of hyperopic patients who underwent uneventful phacoemulsification between January 2016 and July 2021 were reviewed. Intraocular lens power was calculated using Holladay 1, SRK/T, Hoffer Q, Holladay 2, Haigis, Barrett Universal II, Hill-RBF, Ladas, Kane, Emmetropia Verifying Optical (EVO), Pearl-DGS, and K6 formulas. Three months after phacoemulsification, refraction was measured, and the mean AE was calculated. The percentage of patients with full visual acuity (VA) without any correction, with ± 0.25D, ±0.5D, ±0.75D, and limits of agreement for each formula was established.

RESULTS:
Seventy-two patients, whose ocular axial length (AL) ranged between 20.02 mm and 21.98 mm, were included. The Kane formula achieved the lowest mean AE of 0.09 ± 0.09 just before EVO (0.12 ± 0.09), Hill-RBF (0.17 ± 0.12), and Hoffer Q formulas (0.19 ± 0.16). In addition, with the Kane formula, the percentage of patients with full VA without any correction (80.6%) was the highest ahead of EVO and Hoffer Q formulas (51.5% and 50.0%, respectively). Finally, Kane, EVO, and Hill-RBF obtained the lowest agreement interval (0.4923, 0.5815, and 0.7740, respectively).

CONCLUSION:
The Kane formula is recommended for intraocular lens power calculation for eyeballs with the AL smaller than 22.0 mm. The EVO formula gives very promising results in regarding the accuracy of intraocular lens power for hyperopic eyes.
Prevalence and contributing factors of neck and low back pain among university students during examination periods: A survey based study at Jazan University
Authors: Akkam Almaha A. , Huzaymi Doaa D. , Qahl Ahmed , Alfaifi Ziyad Y. , Sheereen Fauzia , Ali Taimul , Khan Abdur Raheem , Riyaz Farhana , Kirmani Junaid A. , Shaphe Mohammad A. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Neck and low back pain (LBP) are frequently experienced by university students during examination periods due to prolonged sitting, impaired posture, and increased stress. The objectives of this study were to examine the prevalence and contributing factors for neck and LBP among students at Jazan University during their examinations.

Methodology:
A survey-based study was conducted on 100 students aged 19–24 years from various academic disciplines. An electronic questionnaire distributed through social media collected data on personal demographics, study habits, pain occurrence, and frequency, intensity, and pain management practices.

Results:
Descriptive statistics summarized the data; results show that female students suffer from neck and LBP more frequently and intensely than male students. The study found that the use of electronic devices, lack of physical activity, poor knowledge of posture, and stress were all significantly related to the prevalence of pain.

Conclusions:
Multifactorial causes of neck and LBP during examination periods require comprehensive strategies involving ergonomic education, stress management, and promoting physical activity among students. Future research should explore longitudinal outcomes and the effectiveness of specific interventions across diverse academic settings.
Primary anorectal malignant melanoma
Authors: Meedimale Santhosh , Goswami Gaurang , Kaur Harleen 
Published: August 2024

Abstract:
A 58-year-old female presented with complaints of 6–7 episodes of loose stools per day for the past 2.5 months, occasionally having blood in them. She also had a sensation of a mass inside the anal canal. Whole abdomen magnetic resonance imaging revealed a lesion in the anal canal and lower gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed an anorectal mass and a biopsy was taken. The histopathological report was suggestive of anal canal cancer and immunohistochemistry confirmed it to be malignant melanoma. Positron emission tomography–computed tomography was performed and it revealed multiple metastases. Malignant melanoma in the anal canal is a rare presentation and is usually aggressive with early metastasis as seen in this patient. Treatment modalities for the same range from wide local excision to abdominoperineal resection, along with chemoradiation in advanced cases. Since this is a rare presentation having very poor prognosis, this case is being reported.
Linking Curriculum Implementation To School SDG: A Systematic Review
Authors: Peng Yihong , Alias Bity Salwana , Wan Xinyu , Mansor Azlin Norhaini 
Published: August 2024

Objective: The research aims to explore how recent changes in curriculum implementation have affected school SDG, and what future research directions this area will pursue.

Method: The review painstakingly combed through six databases using the PRISMA approach, finding and evaluating 61 pertinent papers. With the initial support of Leximancer, iterative content analysis brought to light important themes including curriculum, students, and education, highlighting their crucial roles in forming sustainable educational practices.

Results and Discussion: The results show that post-2020 research production is going to increase due to increasing emphasis on education and commitments to global sustainability. However, issues still exist, such as the paucity of longitudinal research and the predominance of geographic biases originating from Europe and Asia. To improve the robustness and application of findings, future research should concentrate on longitudinal studies, interdisciplinary approaches, stakeholder participation, and creative methodologies.

Research Implications: In an effort to clarify its complex effects, this systematic literature review (SLR) examines the complex link that has developed over the course of a decade between curriculum implementation and school sustainability.

Originality/Value: The study highlights how curriculum leadership can have a transformative impact on the global promotion of sustainable education practices, and it advocates for deliberate interventions to support resilient educational systems that are in line with sustainability objectives and quality education.
Profit Planning Analysis with Break Even Point Approach at PT. Sinar Jaya
Authors: Bisyarah Sania , Elizabeth S Sri Novi 
Published: August 2024

Sales management is important for a company to control profitability and avoid the risk of loss. In reality, companies are often faced with the possibility of loss and the ability to manage sales can affect the magnitude of this risk. Break Even Point (BEP) analysis can be an effective strategy to determine the minimum sales amount so that the company avoids losses. In this study, analyzed sales at PT Sinar Jaya using BEP analysis for the period January to December 2023. The results of the analysis show that the company is consistently able to achieve BEP and earn profits above 7% every month which reflects operational efficiency in profit stability. In addition, the Margin of Safety (MoS) value which is always above 20%, with a peak reaching 70%, shows that the company has strong protection against risk.