bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Egg load dynamics and the risk of egg and time limitation experienced by an aphid parasitoid in the field
Authors: Dieckhoff Christine , Theobald Julian C. , Wäckers Felix L. , Heimpel George E. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractInsect parasitoids and herbivores must balance the risk of egg limitation and time limitation in order to maximize reproductive success. Egg and time limitation are mediated by oviposition and egg maturation rates as well as by starvation risk and other determinants of adult lifespan. Here, we assessed egg load and nutritional state in the soybean aphid parasitoid Binodoxys communis under field conditions to estimate its risk of becoming either egg‐ or time‐limited. The majority of female B. communis showed no signs of egg limitation. Experimental field manipulations of B. communis females suggested that an average of 4–8 eggs were matured per hour over the course of a day. Regardless, egg loads remained constant over the course of the day at approximately 80 eggs, suggesting that egg maturation compensates for oviposition. This is the first case of such “egg load buffering” documented for a parasitoid in the field. Despite this buffering, egg loads dropped slightly with increasing host (aphid) density. This suggests that egg limitation could occur at very high host densities as experienced in outbreak years in some locations in the Midwestern USA. Biochemical analyses of sugar profiles showed that parasitoids fed upon sugar in the field at a remarkably high rate. Time limitation through starvation thus seems to be very low and aphid honeydew is most likely a source of dietary sugar for these parasitoids. This latter supposition is supported by the fact that body sugar levels increase with host (aphid) density. Together, these results suggest that fecundity of B. communis benefits from both dynamic egg maturation strategies and sugar‐feeding.
A Fan Beam Microwave CT System Which Determines the Straight Transmission Path by Time‐Domain Measurement of Demodulated dc Voltage
Authors: Tamura Mutsumi , Ogawa Takahiro , Takeuchi Yuuki , Miyakawa Michio 
Published: April 2014

SUMMARYWe have developed a demodulated direct current voltage‐based microwave CT system (dc‐MCT) based on chirp‐pulse microwave CT. The dc‐MCT utilizes time‐domain measurement to determine the shortest propagation path between the transmitting and receiving antennas. By using a standard SG with low phase noise and phase synchronization of the signal source, reconstructed amplitude and phase images can be obtained. In a study of high‐speed imaging, the method of measurement and the influence of overshoot characteristics from the low‐pass filter were examined, and the images were evaluated using 50 and 72 rotary scans. In addition, for the purpose of improving resolution, an attempt to obtain a time‐domain spectrum that gives the maximum value of the amplitude showed the possibility of improving the dynamic range of the receiver. Thus this paper demonstrates the usefulness of the new method of microwave imaging.
Performance Evaluation of an Ambient Noise Clustering Method for Objective Speech Intelligibility Estimation
Authors: Kobayashi Yosuke , Kondo Kazuhiro 
Published: April 2014

SUMMARYWe investigated the clustering of nonstationary noise used in the subjective and objective assessment of speech intelligibility. The feature vector used in the clustering comprises 15‐dimensional features used typically in MIR, and clustering was performed by the x‐means method. We then conducted tests to validate the clustering results using the Japanese Diagnostic Rhyme Test. It was found that with the JEIDA‐NOISE database, the noise can be classified into three clusters, and significant differences in the speech intelligibility of the different clusters were seen. Finally, we tested the objective speech intelligibility assessment for each cluster using fwSNRseg and the logistic function. The performance of objective assessment was found to be improved by about 0.01 compared to the case without clustering.
An Anonymous Off‐Line Credit Card System Based on ITLs
Authors: Ohashi Yusuke , Tamura Shinsuke , Taniguchi Shuji 
Published: April 2014

SUMMARYThis paper proposes a scheme for anonymous off‐line credit card systems that enables cardholders to make purchases from shops anonymously while being disconnected from card companies, that is, without using information maintained by card companies or other shops. The proposed scheme is an extension of the ITL (Implicit Transaction Link) based one for online anonymous credit card systems that had been proposed already. As same as the original online scheme, the proposed extended scheme does not assume any absolutely trustworthy neutral entity or tamper‐resistant device.
Self‐Assembly between Dicarboxylate Ions and Dinuclear Lanthanide Complexes: A Surprisingly Complicated Problem
Authors: Sørensen Thomas Just , Hill Leila R. , Tilney James A. , Blackburn Octavia A. , Jones Michael W. , Tropiano Manuel , Faulkner Stephen 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe association between dinuclear lanthanide complexes and dicarboxylate guests has been studied to elucidate the factors that influence the self‐assembly of these ternary structures. The self‐assembly between α,α′‐bis(Eu·DO3A)‐m‐xylyl (H3DO3A = 1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane‐1,4,7‐triacetic acid) host complexes and dicarboxylate guests and the association of a dinicotinate guest and an α,α′‐bis(Ln·DO3A)‐3,5‐dimethylpyridine host in water were demonstrated, and the study of lanthanide‐mediated self‐assembly and the methods used to investigate the self‐assembly are discussed in detail. Furthermore, the self‐assembly has been extended to involve five ions from across the lanthanide series, namely, Nd3+, Eu3+, Tb3+, Dy3+ and Yb3+. The self‐assembly process, measured by the association constant Ka, is independent of the nature of the lanthanide centre but it is highly solvent dependent. The association constants between a given host–guest pair vary by several orders of magnitude when determined in methanol, methanol/water and water. We conclude that although a lanthanide‐centred self‐assembly process can be controlled through design, the strength of the association can only be rationalised after the event. The multiple parameters involved in the determination of the value of the association constant appear to be dominated by the solvation contribution to a degree that specific and general solvation has to be understood before we can fully rationalise the association between dinuclear lanthanide complexes and dicarboxylate guests.
One‐Pot Stereoselective Synthesis of (Z)‐β‐Ketoenamides from β‐Halo α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes
Authors: Gogoi Junali , Gogoi Pranjal , Boruah Romesh C. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractA series of steroidal and non‐steroidal β‐ketoenamides have been synthesized from their corresponding β‐halo α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes. This synthetic methodology provides efficient access to (Z)‐β‐ketoenamides. The structures of these products have been unambiguously established by single crystal XRD studies. This process is found to be mild and inexpensive. The required β‐halo α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes are synthesized from corresponding ketones using the Vilsmeier formylation reaction. One of the prepared β‐ketoenamides was transformed into its corresponding 2‐aminodihydroisoquinoline derivative.
Copper(II)‐Catalyzed Aromatization Followed by Bromination of Cyclohexenones Leading to Phenols and Bromophenols
Authors: Tong Hung‐Chun , Reddy K. Rajender , Liu Shiuh‐Tzung 
Published: April 2014

AbstractConversion of substituted cyclohexenones into the corresponding phenols can be achieved using copper acetate as the catalyst in the presence of LiBr and CF3COOH under oxygen. With the use of excess LiBr, electrophilic aromatic bromination afforded the corresponding bromophenol under similar catalytic conditions.
2,4‐ and 2,5‐Disubstituted Arylthiazoles: Rapid Synthesis by C–H Coupling and Biological Evaluation
Authors: Lohrey Lilia , Uehara Takahiro N. , Tani Satoshi , Yamaguchi Junichiro , Humpf Hans‐Ulrich , Itami Kenichiro 
Published: April 2014

AbstractLife‐threatening infections caused by bacteria that have developed resistance to common antibiotics, such as methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), have become a serious problem in hospitals and other areas all over the world. Thus, the development of an effective class of antibiotics against these bacteria is an urgent subject. Herein, we report a step‐economical and diversity‐oriented synthesis of a series of 2‐arylidenehydrazinyl‐4‐arylthiazole and 2‐arylidenehydrazinyl‐5‐arylthiazole analogues that utilizes C–H coupling methodologies. A library of 54 new congeners were synthesized and tested for their biological potential. Moreover, new knowledge regarding the structure–activity relationships (SARs) of these heterobiaryl compounds was collected.
Influence of Micellar Propinquity on Dynamics of Ce(IV)‐Catalyzed BZ Oscillatory Reaction under Stirred Conditions
Authors: CHAT OYAIS AHMAD , NAJAR MUZAFFAR HUSSAIN , ASHRAF UZMA , JABEEN SURAYA , MASWAL MASRAT , SHAH RAIS AHMAD , MASRAT ROHI , DAR AIJAZ AHMAD 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTOscillating reactions often employed to mimic and understand complex dynamics in biological systems are known to be affected in aggregated host environments. The dynamic evolution of the oscillatory Belousov–Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction upon addition of increasing amounts of anionic (sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate; SDBS), cationic (hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide; CTAB), nonionic (polyoxyethylene(20) cetyl ether; Brij58), and binary mixtures (CTAB + Brij58 and SDBS + Brij58) of surfactants was monitored using potentiometry at 25 and 35°C under stirred batch conditions. The experimental results reveal that the oscillatory parameters of the Ce(IV)‐catalyzed BZ reaction are significantly altered depending on the concentration and nature of restricted micellar host environments. In the presence of ionic surfactants, it is proposed that the evolution of the oscillatory BZ system may be due to atypical proficiency (related to hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions) of such organized self‐assemblies to affect the reactivity by selectively confiscating some key reacting species. However, the response of the BZ system to nonionic Brij58 was attributed to the reaction among the alcoholic functional groups of the surfactant with some vital species of the BZ reaction. Moreover, the nonionic + ionic binary surfactant systems exhibited behaviors representative of both the constitutive single surfactant systems.
Discovery and Bioevaluation of Novel Pyrazolopyrimidine Analogs as Competitive Hsp90 Inhibitors Through Shape‐Based Similarity Screening
Authors: Xu Xiao‐Li , Sun Hao‐Peng , Liu Fang , Jia Jian‐Min , Guo Xiao‐Ke , Pan Yang , Huang Hao‐Ze , Zhang Xiao‐Jin , You Qi‐Dong 
Published: April 2014

AbstractHsp90 as a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of cancer has received great attention. Many Hsp90 inhibitors such as BIIB021 and CUDC‐305 have been in clinical. In this paper shape‐based similarity screening through ROCS overlays on the basis of CUDC‐305, BIIB021, PU‐H71 and PU‐3 were performed to discover HSP90 inhibitors. A set of 19 novel pyrazolopyrimidine analogues was identified and evaluated on enzyme level and cell‐based level as Hsp90 inhibitors. The compound HDI4‐04 with IC50 0.35 µM in the Hsp90 ATP hydrolysis assay exhibited potent cytotoxicity against five human cancer cell lines. Western blot analysis and Hsp70 luciferase reporter assay further confirmed that HDI4‐04 targeted the Hsp90 protein folding machinery. And according to the biological assay, the SAR was discussed and summarized, which will guide us for further optimization of these compounds.
The state of the art in positively guided rail transport systems for underground mining / Stand der Technik bei zwangsgeführten Transportbahnen für den untertägigen Bergbau
Authors: Becker Franz , Zell Manfred 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis paper presents the state of the art in positively guided transport systems for underground mines and gives an outlook on some future developments that are just about to enter the testing phase. Diesel‐hydraulic self‐propelled drives with positive‐engagement power transmission are currently indispensable, especially in mines with steeper stretches to cope with, ever higher individual loads and high transport capacities. A prerequisite for exploiting the capacity of these transport systems is the online communication of all relevant information and its use for process optimisation. From this foundation, the future will see the increased use of intelligent control systems, which will contribute to a further increase in the safety and efficiency of underground transport.Der Beitrag stellt den letzten Stand der Technik der zwangsgeführten Transportsysteme für untertägige Bergwerke vor und gibt einen Ausblick auf künftige Weiterentwicklungen, die unmittelbar vor der Erprobungsphase stehen. Dieselhydraulische Eigenantriebe mit formschlüssiger Kraftübertragung sind derzeit insbesondere in Bergwerken mit stärker geneigten Strecken zur Bewältigung immer höherer Einzellasten und hoher Transportkapazitäten unumgänglich. Voraussetzung für die Ausnutzung der Leistungsfähigkeit dieser Transportsysteme ist die online‐Datenübertragung aller relevanten Informationen und deren Verwendung zur Prozessoptimierung. Darauf aufbauend werden zukünftig intelligente Steuerungssysteme vermehrt eingesetzt, die zu einer weiteren Erhöhung der Sicherheit und Effizienz des untertägigen Transports beitragen.
Shenhua Group's carbon capture and storage (CCS) demonstration
Authors: Xiuzhang Wu 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe Chinese government places great importance on the issues of greenhouse gas emissions and climate change. On the eve of the 2009 Copenhagen conference, the government of China put forth a target of reducing CO2 emissions per unit of GDP in 2020 by 40 to 45% compared to 2005. In the “Outline of the 12th Five‐Year Plan for the National Economic and Social Development of the People's Republic of China”, China stated its plan to “significantly reduce the intensity of energy consumption and the intensity of carbon dioxide emissions, effectively controlling greenhouse gas emissions”, which highlighted China's conviction and determination to combat climate change.Shenhua Group is one of the largest coal‐based integrated energy suppliers in the world. In recent years, there have been significant improvements in the coal‐to‐liquids and coal‐to‐chemicals sector. These improvements have led the way for strategic energy security projects, such as domestically producing petroleum alternatives and developing clean coal technology in China and the world. While actively promoting petroleum alternatives and clean coal technologies, Shenhua Group is also paying close attention to major issues such as CO2 emissions and climate change, and is actively exploring the development of a coal‐based low‐carbon energy system for China. One major step in this development is the comprehensive (i.e., capture and storage) CCS project at its Ordos direct coal liquefaction facility.
Underground conveyor system between two coal mines in the Czech Republic / Untertägige Förderverbindung zwischen zwei Steinkohlebergwerken in Tschechien
Authors: Maron Thomas , Rausch Christian 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIn the last year HESE Maschinenfabrik installed a new belt conveying system in an underground roadway between two Czech coal mines. This report gives an overview on the project and its particularities and illustrates the advantages of TT intermediate drives.Im vergangenen Jahr hat die HESE Maschinefabrik in einer untertägigen Verbindungsstrecke zwischen zwei tschechischen Steinkohlebergwerken ein neues Gurtbandsystem installiert. Der Bericht gibt einen Überblick über das Projekt und seine Besonderheiten und erläutert die Vorteile von Treib‐Traggurt‐(TT)‐Antrieben.
Approximation algorithms for capacitated stochastic inventory systems with setup costs
Authors: Shi Cong , Zhang Huanan , Chao Xiuli , Levi Retsef 
Published: April 2014

AbstractWe develop the first approximation algorithm with worst‐case performance guarantee for capacitated stochastic periodic‐review inventory systems with setup costs. The structure of the optimal control policy for such systems is extremely complicated, and indeed, only some partial characterization is available. Thus, finding provably near‐optimal control policies has been an open challenge. In this article, we construct computationally efficient approximate optimal policies for these systems whose demands can be nonstationary and/or correlated over time, and show that these policies have a worst‐case performance guarantee of 4. We demonstrate through extensive numerical studies that the policies empirically perform well, and they are significantly better than the theoretical worst‐case guarantees. We also extend the analyses and results to the case with batch ordering constraints, where the order size has to be an integer multiple of a base load. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 61: 304–319, 2014
Prevention methods for pest control and their use in Poland
Authors: Matyjaszczyk Ewa 
Published: April 2014

AbstractPrevention methods can still be a cost‐effective and efficient tool for pest control. Rational use of prevention methods is a feasible way to reduce dependency on chemical protection in agriculture. Costs, workload and farmers' awareness are key issues, however. In Poland, crop rotation is used as a method for pest control only to a limited extent owing to the high share of cereals in the crop structure. The choice of resistant varieties is satisfactory, but farmers should make use of qualified seed material more often. Liming is recommended on the majority of farms on account of widespread soil acidity. Favourable aspects as regards the prevention of pest development are biodiversity and the popularity of prevention cultivation techniques. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Plastic relaxation of mixed dislocation in axial nanowire heterostructures using Peach–Koehler approach
Authors: Ye Han , Yu Zhongyuan 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIn this Letter, the plastic relaxation introduced by typical 60° mixed dislocation in zinc‐blende axial nanowire (NW) heterostructures is evaluated by numerical Peach–Koehler approach which reflects the interaction between coherent strain field and misfit dislocation. Cylindrical NW epilayers grown on NW and bulk substrate are separately modeled. We reveal that straight 60° dislocation with Burgers vector (a /2) 〈101〉 would always generate at NW center orienting [111], while aspect ratio dependent off‐center equilibrium position should be expected for NW epilayer along [001]. Moreover, the critical diameters, below which coherency is maintained, are predicted based on energy balance criterion for axial NW heterostructures along predominating growth direction [111]. The results are compared with existing theory and experimental observations. Our work provides a necessary quantitative complement to the understanding of plastic relaxation and coherency limit in axial NW heteroepitaxy. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effects of Water Level Fluctuations on Spawning Habitat of an Endangered Species, the Australian Lungfish (Neoceratodus Forsteri)
Authors: Marshall S. M. , Espinoza T. , Mcdougall A. J. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe Australian lungfish Neoceratodus forsteri is an endangered native fish species currently protected under federal and international agreements. The impoundment of riverine habitats by water storages has substantially decreased the availability of dense beds of macrophyte (e.g. Vallisneria nana) in shallow water, the preferred spawning habitat of Australian lungfish. Storage management, such as storage drawdown and maintaining storages at specific levels, may impede establishment and development of dense macrophyte beds, although the effects of storage operation on macrophytes are poorly understood. Storage bathymetry and modelled stream data were used to examine the impact of water level changes (frequency and magnitude) on V. nana habitat within storages and associated riverine areas. Three storages located within the natural range of the Australian lungfish in the Burnett River (Ben Anderson Barrage, Ned Churchward Weir and Paradise Dam) were found to provide limited potential for V. nana habitat when at the full supply level. Furthermore, water storages within the distribution of Australian lungfish fluctuate by ±1 m more frequently in comparison to associated riverine environments. These frequent water level fluctuations challenge the establishment of dense macrophyte beds required for lungfish spawning. Since aquatic macrophytes and streamflow play an integral role in lungfish spawning, management of water storages should focus on releases to the downstream reaches. These releases should mimic natural flow and water temperature regimes to allow establishment and growth of V. nana beds in synchrony with the timing of Australian lungfish spawning. Riverine reaches downstream of storages have the greatest potential for restoration of macrophyte beds. © 2014 Queensland Government, Department of Natural Resources and Mines. River Research and Applications © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Variation in female guppy preference for male olfactory and visual traits
Authors: Sato Aya , Ozawa Naoko , Karino Kenji 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Animals often use different sensory systems to assess different sexually selected signals from potential mates. However, the relative importance of different signals on mate choice is not well understood in many animal species. In this study, we examined the relative importance of male olfactory and visual cues on female preference in the guppy Poecilia reticulata. We used digitally modified male images to standardize visual stimuli. We found that, regardless of whether females were presented without male visual stimuli or with identical male visual stimuli, they preferred stimuli with the odor of males to those without. However, when females were allowed to choose between dull male visual stimuli with male odor, and brightly colored male visual stimuli without male odor, there was no clear preference for either. Some females preferred the dull male visual stimuli with male odor, whereas some other females preferred the brightly colored male visual stimuli without male odor. These results indicate that the relative importance of olfactory and visual cues in female mate preference varied between individuals.
Testing the Economic Independence Hypothesis: The Effect of an Exogenous Increase in Child Support on Subsequent Marriage and Cohabitation
Authors: Cancian Maria , Meyer Daniel R. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
We examine the effects of an increase in income on the cohabitation and marriage of single mothers. Using data from an experiment that resulted in randomly assigned differences in child support receipt for welfare-receiving single mothers, we find that exogenous income increases (as a result of receiving all child support that was paid) are associated with significantly lower cohabitation rates between mothers and men who are not the fathers of their child(ren). Overall, these results support the hypothesis that additional income increases disadvantaged women’s economic independence by reducing the need to be in the least stable type of partnerships. Our results also show the potential importance of distinguishing between biological and social fathers.