bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and study of nonlinear optical properties of an enaminone derived from dibenzoylmethane and N,N-diethylaminoaniline
Authors: Elias Rita S , Hassan Qusay M A , Saeed Bahjat A , Sultan H A , Hansen Poul Erik , Emshary C A 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The compound, (Z)-3-((4-(diethylamino)phenyl)amino)-1,3-diphenylprop-2-en-1-one, is synthesized by the reaction of dibenzoylmethane and 4-N,N-diethylaniline. The relative stabilities of the possible tautomers of the molecule are studied via the DFT B3LYP-D3BJ, CAM-B3LYP, M062X, and ωB97XD functionals in conjunction with the 6-311++G(d,p) basis set. The results showed that the enaminone tautomer with the intramolecularly hydrogen bonded chelated ring is the most stable. This is further confirmed by the Car–Parrinello MD calculations in the gas phase as well as the NCI analysis. The electronic spectrum is calculated by the TD DFT B3LYP/c-pVDZ level in ethanol, and the hole–electron analysis is carried out for the interpretation of the bands, which revealed that the longest one at 430 nm is of charge transfer origin while the others are of local transition origin. Atoms-in-molecules calculations in several media and levels of theory predicted that the ρBCP at the hydrogen bond in the gas phase to be 0.03791–0.04255 e/a0
3 which is a characteristic of a medium strong hydrogen bond. Researchers investigated the enaminone’s nonlinear optical (NLO) characteristics when it was exposed to a low power (<1 Watt), single fundamental transverse mode laser beam at 473 nm. By using diffraction patterns (DPs) and Z-scan methods, we calculated the nonlinear refractive index (NLRI) of the enaminone up to 4.597 × 10−11 m2 W−1 using DPs. The resulting DPs are numerically investigated using the Fraunhofer (F.) approximation and the Fresnel-Kirchhoff (F.K.) diffraction integral, showing excellent agreement with experimental findings. We successfully explored all-optical switching (AOS) in enaminone using two laser beams.
Analysis of electroviscous effects in electrolyte liquid flow through a heterogeneously charged uniform microfluidic device
Authors: Dhakar Jitendra , Bharti Ram Prakash 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Charge-heterogeneity (i.e., surface charge variation in the axial direction of the device) introduces non-uniformity in flow characteristics in the microfluidic device. Thus, it can be used for controlling practical microfluidic applications, such as mixing, mass, and heat transfer processes. This study has numerically investigated the charge-heterogeneity effects in the electroviscous (EV) flow of symmetric (1:1) electrolyte liquid through a uniform slit microfluidic device. The Poisson’s, Nernst-Planck (N-P), and Navier–Stokes (N-S) equations are numerically solved using the finite element method (FEM) to obtain the flow fields, such as total electrical potential (U), excess charge (n
*), induced electric field strength (E
x), and pressure (P) fields for following ranges of governing parameters: inverse Debye length (2 ≤ K ≤ 20), surface charge density (4 ≤ S
1 ≤ 16), and surface charge-heterogeneity ratio (0 ≤ S
rh ≤ 2). Results have shown that the total potential (∣ΔU∣) and pressure (∣ΔP∣) drop maximally increase by 99.09% (from 0.1413 to 0.2812) (at K = 20, S
1 = 4) and 12.77% (from 5.4132 to 6.1045) (at K = 2, S
1 = 8), respectively with overall charge-heterogeneity (0 ≤ S
rh ≤ 2). Electroviscous correction factor (Y, i.e., ratio of effective to physical viscosity) maximally enhances by 12.77% (from 1.2040 to 1.3577) (at K = 2, S
1 = 8), 40.98% (from 1.0026 to 1.4135) (at S
1 = 16, S
rh = 1.50), and 41.35% (from 1 to 1.4135) (at K = 2, S
rh = 1.50), with the variation of S
rh (from 0 to 2), K (from 20 to 2), and S
1 (from 0 to 16), respectively. Further, a simple pseudo-analytical model is developed to estimate the pressure drop in EV flow, accounting for the influence of charge-heterogeneity based on the Poiseuille flow in a uniform channel. This model predicts the pressure drop ± 2%–4% within the numerical results. The robustness and simplicity of this model enable the present numerical results for engineering and design aspects of microfluidic applications.
Efficient microfluidic particle separation using inertial pre-focusing and pre-separation structures without sheath flow
Authors: Hou Shuyue , Zhao Ling , Yu Jie , Wang Zhuoyang , Duan Junping , Zhang Binzhen 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This study introduces an innovative microfluidic particle separation technique that integrates inertial focusing with deterministic lateral displacement (DLD) on a single chip, significantly enhancing the efficiency of particle separation. This new method completes flow rate matching through a designed pre-focusing and pre-separation inertial structure, avoiding the use of sheath flow. The process involves a sequence of channels: a rectangular channel, a contraction-expansion array (CEA), a lateral separation channel, and another rectangular channel. This three-stage inertial method shortens the focusing channel length and reduces the pressure on subsequent separation stages, streamlining the separation process. It has been demonstrated to separate 20 μm particles from a mixture containing both 10 μm and 20 μm particles with remarkable precision. The technique achieves a 100% separation efficiency, ensuring all target particles are correctly isolated, and a 96.1% separation purity, indicating that the isolated particles are almost entirely free from contaminants. By eliminating the need for sheath flow, this method simplifies the apparatus and reduces operational complexity, offering significant advantages over traditional particle separation techniques. The high efficiency and purity levels achieved by this method highlight its potential for a wide range of applications in fields requiring precise particle separation, such as medical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and industrial processing.
Modeling and dynamic performance of distributed force in high-temperature superconducting pinning magnetic levitation
Authors: Hu Xianhong , Li Hengda , Zhou Xucheng , Zhang Shuonan , Li Haitao , Deng Zigang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
High-temperature superconducting (HTS) pinning magnetic levitation (maglev) systems are highly promising for future applications in rail transportation. Through the interaction between onboard HTS bulks and the permanent magnet guideway (PMG), this system generates levitation and guidance forces, known as the HTS-PMG relationship. Under practical conditions, this interaction manifests itself as a distributed force. However, past models have only considered concentrated forces. This study aims to design experiments to investigate the HTS-PMG relationship and propose a more realistic discretized lateral-vertical coupling HTS-PMG relationship to accurately reflect torques in dynamic simulations. Based on this, a dynamic model is established to analyze the Sperling index and the five-degree-of-freedom dynamic response of the HTS pinning maglev vehicle system under different HTS-PMG relationship models. The results indicate that the proposed discretized lateral-vertical coupling HTS-PMG relationship accurately characterizes the torque generated by the HTS levitator, influencing lateral, roll, pitch, and yaw motions to some extent. Compared with the concentrated force model, the discrete force model exhibits superior dynamic performance, particularly in terms of lateral dynamics and the lateral Sperling index. This study provides valuable insights into the field of HTS maglev, particularly regarding investigating HTS-PMG relationships and their impact on HTS maglev system dynamic performance.
Entropy-optimized flow of couple stresses in a porous inclined pipe with uniform magnetic field and mixed convention
Authors: Cherala Shiva Shankar , Gajjela Nagaraju , Garvandha Mahesh , Niranjan H 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The research aims to investigate the entropy-optimized flow of couple stresses in a porous inclined pipe exposed to a transverse constant magnetic field and mixed convection. It focuses on understanding the thermodynamic efficiency and fluid behaviour under convective boundary conditions, contributing to improved designs in engineering applications where such flows are relevant. The aim is to enhance heat transfer efficiency in industrial processes such as chemical reactors, heat exchangers, and geothermal systems, while also improving filtration systems for applications like water purification and oil recovery. By subjecting the flow to a uniform magnetic field and mixed convection, nonlinear governing equations arise due to mixed convection. We linearize these equations using a quasi-linearization approach and solve them using Chebyshev spectral collocation. Our analysis focuses on thermodynamic phenomena like entropy generation and the Bejan number, which have implications for the efficiency and sustainability of industrial processes. We visualize temperature and axial velocity profiles across various parameter ranges to understand the fluid’s behaviour under the influence of magnetic fields and porous materials. As the magnetic parameter increases, there is a decrease in fluid velocity and temperature. However, the opposite tendency is seen for the couple stress viscosity ratio parameter. We also observe irreversibility dominating heat transfer at the pipe wall, while fluid friction irreversibility dominates around the pipe’s centre. This research contributes to advancing our understanding of thermodynamic processes in complex fluid systems and has practical implications for optimizing industrial processes and developing more efficient filtration systems.
Modification of buckwheat husk powder and creation of composite material on its basis
Authors: Cherkashina N I , Kuprieva O V , Pushkarskaya D V , Kashibadze N V , Shrubchenko L F 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Waste of plant origin is becoming increasingly relevant for use as fillers in polymer matrices to create new composite materials. In this study, a composite material based on biodegradable thermoplastic polylactide (PLA) and buckwheat husks (BHS) was prepared. L-PLA IngeoTM Biopolymer 4043D in pellet form (Nature Works LLC, USA) was chosen as the base for the polymer matrix. BHS in the form of fine powder (harvested in 2023) was used as a plant filler. In order to purify the raw material from dust and pathogenic bacteria, as well as to increase the adhesion ability of the material, BHS was treated with 4% alkaline solution (NaOH). Modification of the filler was carried out using organosilicon resin K-9 (manufacturer Khimprodukt LLC, Lyubertsy, Russia). The filler was added to the material in the ratio of 22%, 32%, 42% by weight of the product. A technology for modification of BHS powder is proposed, which makes it possible to significantly increase the wetting angle from 59.47 ± 1.59° to 95.6 ± 1.35°. The strength properties and water absorption resistance of the developed composites with different weight ratios of PLA/ BHS are investigated. The modification of the filler changes the structure and properties of BHS, as well as contributes to the improvement of strength properties. At the ratio PLA 68 wt% / modified BHS 32 wt% the composite material has the following characteristics: density - 1342 kg m−3, bending strength—21.31 MPa, maximum deformation value—0.22 mm, Vickers hardness at a load of 200 g—20.21, water absorption—1.9%. Research on the utilization of plant components will make it possible to integrate into industry innovative products based on renewable and biodegradable resources that will meet all societal needs and contribute to the preservation of the environment and exhaustible resources.
Multi-particle-based multi-party controllable quantum secure dialogue
Authors: Zhang Xiao-Xue , Zhou Ri-Gui , Xu Wen-Shan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Based on the six-particle entangled state, this paper proposes a multi-party controllable quantum secure dialogue protocol, where the dialogue parties only need to perform single operation to efficiently encode secret information and embed the control information into a fixed particle sequence in order, ensuring the orderly transmission of information. Additionally, the protocol introduces a unique honesty detection mechanism, which relies on the classical XOR relationship of three qubits in a GHZ-like state, effectively guaranteeing the credibility of the controllers. The protocol allows two dialogue parties to synchronously obtain secret information with the permission of all controllers, without relying on additional classical channel, greatly enhancing communication efficiency and security. Through rigorous security analysis, it is proven that the protocol can effectively resist various potential attacks from both internal and external sources.
Photons from macroscopic currents
Authors: Dick Rainer 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Coherent states are a well-established tool of quantum optics to describe electromagnetic waves in terms of photons. However, they do not describe the near-field regime of macroscopic radiation sources. Instead, we generically use classical solutions of Maxwell’s equations to describe radiation in the near-field regime. The classical solutions provide linear relations between currents and emitted electromagnetic fields, whereas evolution of states at the quantum level involves photons. This begs the question how we can describe macroscopic fields from antennas or magnetic coils in terms of elementary photons. The present paper answers this question through the construction of generalized Glauber states for macroscopic radiation emitters.
Global convection-permitting model improves subseasonal forecast of plum rain around Japan
Authors: Gu Jun , Zhao Chun , Xu Mingyue , Feng Jiawang , Li Gudongze , Zhao Yongxuan , Hao Xiaoyu , Chen Junshi , An Hong 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In 2020 early summer, a historically severe rainy season struck East Asia, causing extensive damage to life and property. Subseasonal forecast of this event challenges the limits of rainy season predictability. Employing the integrated atmospheric model across scales and the Sunway supercomputer, we conducted ensemble one-month forecasts at global 3 km, variable 4–60 km, and global 60 km resolutions. The global convection-permitting forecast accurately captures the rainband, while other forecasts exhibited northward and weaker shifts due to the northward shifts of the atmospheric rivers over Japan, attributed to intensified Western North Pacific Subtropical High (WNPSH). Further, the double-ITCZ-like tropical rainfall pattern in Western Pacific in global convection-permitting forecast contributes to a more accurate WNPSH and rainband. In contrast, other forecasts show a single-ITCZ-like pattern in Western Pacific, leading to a northward-shifted WNPSH and rainband, advocating the importance of accurately representing tropical convections, as they can significantly affect mid-/high-latitude weather and climate.
Strong/weak duality symmetries for Jacobi–Gordon field theory through elliptic functions
Authors: Cartas-Fuentevilla R , Peralta-Martinez K , Zarate-Herrada D A , Calvario-Acocal J L A 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
It is shown that the standard sin/sinh Gordon field theory with the strong/weak duality symmetry of its quantum S-matrix, can be formulated in terms of elliptic functions with their duality symmetries, which will correspond to the classical realization of that quantum symmetry. Specifically we show that the so called self-dual point that divides the strong and the weak coupling regimes, corresponds only to one point of a set of fixed points under the duality transformations for the elliptic functions. Furthermore, the equations of motion can be solved in exact form in terms of the inverse elliptic functions; in spontaneous symmetry breaking scenarios, these solutions show that kink-like solitons can decay to cusp-like solitons.
Projected state ensemble of a generic model of many-body quantum chaos
Authors: Chan Amos , De Luca Andrea 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe projected ensemble is based on the study of the quantum state of a subsystemAconditioned on projective measurements in its complement. Recent studies have observed that a more refined measure of the thermalization of a chaotic quantum system can be defined on the basis of convergence of the projected ensemble to a quantum state design, i.e. a system thermalizes when it becomes indistinguishable, up to thekth moment, from a Haar ensemble of uniformly distributed pure states. Here we consider a random unitary circuit with the brick-wall geometry and analyze its convergence to the Haar ensemble through the frame potential and its mapping to a statistical mechanical problem. This approach allows us to highlight a geometric interpretation of the frame potential based on the existence of a fluctuating membrane, similar to those appearing in the study of entanglement entropies. At large local Hilbert space dimensionq, we find that all moments converge simultaneously with a time scaling linearly in the size of regionA, a feature previously observed in dual unitary models. However, based on the geometric interpretation, we argue that the scaling at finiteqon the basis of rare membrane fluctuations, finding the logarithmic scaling of design timestk=O(log⁡k). Our results are supported with numerical simulations performed atq = 2.
Asymptotic methods applied to integrals occurring in strong-laser-field processes
Authors: Milošević D B , Jašarević A S , Habibović D , Hasović E , Čerkić A , Becker W 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The quantum-mechanical transition amplitudes for atomic and molecular processes in strong laser fields are expressed in the form of multidimensional integrals of highly oscillatory functions. Such integrals are ideally suited for the evaluation by asymptotic methods for integrals. Furthermore, using these methods it is possible to identify, in the sense of Feynman’s path-integral formalism, the partial contributions of quantum orbits, which are related to particular solutions of the saddle-point equations. This affords insight into the physics of the problem, which would not have been possible by only solving these integrals numerically. We apply the saddle-point method to various quantum processes that are important in strong-field physics and attoscience. The special case of coalescing or near-coalescing saddle points requires application of the uniform approximation. We also present two modifications of the saddle-point method, for the cases where a singular point of the subintegral function exactly overlaps with a saddle point or is located in its close vicinity. Particular emphasis is on the classification of the saddle-point solutions. This problem is solved for the one-dimensional integral over the ionization time, relevant for above-threshold ionization (ATI), while for two-dimensional integrals a classification by the multi-index

(
α
,
β
,
m
)

is introduced, which is particularly useful for the medium- and high-energy spectrum of high-order harmonic generation (HHG) and backward-scattered electrons (for high-order ATI). For the low-energy structures a classification using the multi-index

(
ν
,
ρ
,
μ
)

is introduced for the forward-scattering quantum orbits. In addition to laser-induced processes such as ATI, HHG and high-order ATI, we consider laser-assisted scattering as an example of laser-assisted processes for which real solutions of the saddle-point equation exist. Particular attention is devoted to the quantum orbits that describe and visualize these processes. We also consider finite laser pulses, the semiclassical approximation, the role of the Coulomb field and the case of laser fields intense enough to lead into the relativistic regime.
Two-dimensional Janus MXTe (M = Hf, Zr; X = S, Se) piezoelectrocatalysts: a comprehensive investigation of its electronic, synthesis feasibility, electric polarization, and hydrogen evolution reaction activity
Authors: Lizzette C Lim Hermina , Tobias Ela T , Chen Guan-Yu , Lu Yen-Lin , Santos-Putungan Alexandra B , Abraham B Padama Allan , Lin Shi-Hsin , Barayang Putungan Darwin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We computationally investigated potential piezoelectrocatalysts, two-dimensional (2D) Janus MXTe (M = Hf, Zr; X = S, Se). The structural and electronic properties, synthesis feasibility, piezoelectric properties, and hydrogen evolution reaction were calculated. Our results showed that these 2D Janus MXTe are narrow-gap semiconductors, indicating great conductivity for electrocatalysis. The feasibility of synthesis was comparable to the already synthesized Janus materials. To exhibit a piezoelectrocatalytic effect, the material has to be piezoelectric and catalytically effective simultaneously. As the Janus structure breaks the centrosymmetry, the considered MXTe are intrinsically piezoelectric. We therefore calculated the dipole moments and the variation of out-of-plane polarization upon strain. The computed piezoelectric coefficient e
31 is within the same order of magnitude as that of other Janus 2D materials. Finally, although pristine 2D Janus MXTe were inert to hydrogen evolution reaction, incorporation of single-atom defects was found to boost hydrogen adsorption significantly. The catalytic efficacy can be further tuned by biaxial tensile strain, effectively controlling the Gibbs free energy of adsorption to be close to the thermoneutral value that is indicative of an excellent hydrogen evolution reaction activity, at least for ZrSTe Janus monolayer. In summary, this work proposed and comprehensively investigated a new class of possible piezoelectrocatalysts, 2D Janus materials, which is feasible to be synthesized, catalytically effective, and has great conductivity.
Critical review on the controllable growth and post-annealing on the heterojunction of the kesterite solar cells
Authors: Liu Yue , Wang Siyu , Zhang Yi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Kesterite-structured solar cells have drawn significant attention due to their low-cost and environmental friendly composition. Recently, a remarkable certified power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.9% has been achieved, indicating a broader prospect for kesterite solar cells. However, this PCE is still far below the theoretical efficiency and the PCE of predecessor Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells, which have been commercialized successfully. The relatively low device efficiency primarily originates from the unfavorable bulk and heterojunction of kesterite solar cell. Therefore, the achievement of high PCE in kesterite solar cells heavily relies on high-quality absorber layers and appropriate heterojunction contact. In this review, we first summarize the recent studies on the controllable growth of kesterite thin film. Based on different fabrication methods, various endeavors in revealing the reaction mechanism and manipulating the growth pathway of kesterite thin films have been introduced. Subsequently, studies related to the optimization of heterojunction by post-annealing process are also summarized. This simple and convenient approach can effectively enhance the heterojunction contact and promote the carrier transportation. Finally, this article discusses the future development strategy and perspectives towards achieving enhanced PCE in kesterite thin film solar cells.