bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vaccination for Invasive Canine Meningioma InducesIn SituProduction of Antibodies Capable of Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity
Authors: Andersen Brian M. , Pluhar G. Elizabeth , Seiler Charles E. , Goulart Michelle R. , SantaCruz Karen S. , Schutten Melissa M. , Meints Joyce P. , O'Sullivan M. Gerard , Bentley R. Timothy , Packer Rebecca A. , Thomovsky Stephanie A. , Chen Annie V. , Faissler Dominik , Chen Wei , Hunt Matthew A. , Olin Michael R. , Ohlfest John R. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractMalignant and atypical meningiomas are resistant to standard therapies and associated with poor prognosis. Despite progress in the treatment of other tumors with therapeutic vaccines, this approach has not been tested preclinically or clinically in these tumors. Spontaneous canine meningioma is a clinically meaningful but underutilized model for preclinical testing of novel strategies for aggressive human meningioma. We treated 11 meningioma-bearing dogs with surgery and vaccine immunotherapy consisting of autologous tumor cell lysate combined with toll-like receptor ligands. Therapy was well tolerated, and only one dog had tumor growth that required intervention, with a mean follow up of 585 days. IFN-γ–elaborating T cells were detected in the peripheral blood of 2 cases, but vaccine-induced tumor-reactive antibody responses developed in all dogs. Antibody responses were polyclonal, recognizing both intracellular and cell surface antigens, and HSP60 was identified as one common antigen. Tumor-reactive antibodies bound allogeneic canine and human meningiomas, showing common antigens across breed and species. Histologic analysis revealed robust infiltration of antibody-secreting plasma cells into the brain around the tumor in posttreatment compared with pretreatment samples. Tumor-reactive antibodies were capable of inducing antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity to autologous and allogeneic tumor cells. These data show the feasibility and immunologic efficacy of vaccine immunotherapy for a large animal model of human meningioma and warrant further development toward human trials. Cancer Res; 73(10); 2987–97. ©2013 AACR.
Inhibition of Established Micrometastases by Targeted Drug Delivery via Cell Surface–Associated GRP78
Authors: Miao Yu Rebecca , Eckhardt Bedrich L. , Cao Yuan , Pasqualini Renata , Argani Pedram , Arap Wadih , Ramsay Robert G. , Anderson Robin L. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractPurpose: The major cause of morbidity in breast cancer is development of metastatic disease, for which few effective therapies exist. Because tumor cell dissemination is often an early event in breast cancer progression and can occur before diagnosis, new therapies need to focus on targeting established metastatic disease in secondary organs. We report an effective therapy based on targeting cell surface–localized glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78). GRP78 is expressed normally in the endoplasmic reticulum, but many tumors and disseminated tumor cells are subjected to environmental stresses and exhibit elevated levels of GRP78, some of which are localized at the plasma membrane.Experimental Design and Results: Here, we show that matched primary tumors and metastases from patients who died from advanced breast cancer also express high levels of GRP78. We used a peptidomimetic targeting strategy that uses a known GRP78-binding peptide fused to a proapoptotic moiety [designated bone metastasis targeting peptide 78 (BMTP78)] and show that it can selectively kill breast cancer cells that express surface-localized GRP78. Furthermore, in preclinical metastasis models, we show that administration of BMTP78 can inhibit primary tumor growth as well as prolong overall survival by reducing the extent of outgrowth of established lung and bone micrometastases.Conclusions: The data presented here provide strong evidence that it is possible to induce cell death in established micrometastases by peptide-mediated targeting of cell surface–localized GRP in advanced breast cancers. The significance to patients with advanced breast cancer of a therapy that can reduce established metastatic disease should not be underestimated. Clin Cancer Res; 19(8); 2107–16. ©2013 AACR.
Novel Role of Enteral Monosaccharides in Intestinal Lipoprotein Production in Healthy Humans
Authors: Xiao Changting , Dash Satya , Morgantini Cecilia , Lewis Gary F. 
Published: March 2013

Objective—
Overproduction of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs) by liver and intestine contributes to hypertriglyceridemia and may increase cardiovascular risk. Dietary carbohydrates, especially fructose, have been shown to amplify postprandial lipemia but little is known about its effect on intestinal TRL particle production. Here, we examined intestinal and hepatic TRL particle production in response to enteral glucose or fructose in the presence of enteral lipid.

Approach and Results—

In 2 randomized studies, 4 to 6 weeks apart, 7 healthy male subjects received intraduodenal infusion of Intralipid plus saline or glucose. TRL-apolipoprotein (apo) B48 and apoB100 kinetics were assessed under pancreatic clamp conditions. In a separate study of another 7 subjects under similar conditions, glucose was replaced by fructose. When coinfused with Intralipid into the duodenum, glucose markedly stimulated TRL-apoB48 production (
P
<0.01), with a concomitant moderate increase in fractional clearance (
P
<0.05), resulting in net elevation of TRL-apoB48 concentration. TRL-apoB100 concentration, fractional clearance, and production were not significantly affected by glucose. When glucose was replaced by fructose, both TRL-apoB100 and apoB48 production (
P
<0.05), but not fractional clearance, were enhanced compared with Intralipid alone.

Conclusions—
These results reveal a novel role of monosaccharides in acutely enhancing intestinal lipoprotein particle production, thereby aggravating hyperlipidemia.
Ezetimibe Inhibits Hepatic Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1 to Facilitate Macrophage Reverse Cholesterol Transport in Mice
Authors: Xie Ping , Jia Lin , Ma Yinyan , Ou Juanjuan , Miao Hongming , Wang Nanping , Guo Feng , Yazdanyar Amirfarbod , Jiang Xian-Cheng , Yu Liqing 
Published: March 2013

Objective—

Controversies have arisen from recent mouse studies about the essential role of biliary sterol secretion in reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). The objective of this study was to examine the role of biliary cholesterol secretion in modulating macrophage RCT in Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1 (NPC1L1) liver only (L1
LivOnly
) mice, an animal model that is defective in both biliary sterol secretion and intestinal sterol absorption, and determine whether NPC1L1 inhibitor ezetimibe facilitates macrophage RCT by inhibiting hepatic NPC1L1.

Approach and Results—

L1
LivOnly
mice were generated by crossing NPC1L1 knockout (L1-KO) mice with transgenic mice overexpressing human NPC1L1 specifically in liver. Macrophage-to-feces RCT was assayed in L1-KO and L1
LivOnly
mice injected intraperitoneally with [
3
H]-cholesterol–labeled peritoneal macrophages isolated from C57BL/6 mice. Inhibition of biliary sterol secretion by hepatic overexpression of NPC1L1 substantially reduced transport of [
3
H]-cholesterol from primary peritoneal macrophages to the neutral sterol fraction in bile and feces in L1
LivOnly
mice without affecting tracer excretion in the bile acid fraction. Ezetimibe treatment for 2 weeks completely restored both biliary and fecal excretion of [
3
H]-tracer in the neutral sterol fraction in L1
LivOnly
mice. High-density lipoprotein kinetic studies showed that L1
LivOnly
mice compared with L1-KO mice had a significantly reduced fractional catabolic rate without altered hepatic and intestinal uptake of high-density lipoprotein–cholesterol ether.

Conclusions—
In mice lacking intestinal cholesterol absorption, macrophage-to-feces RCT depends on efficient biliary sterol secretion, and ezetimibe promotes macrophage RCT by inhibiting hepatic NPC1L1 function.
Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of Escalating Repeat Doses of GSK249320 in Patients With Stroke
Authors: Cramer Steven C. , Abila Bams , Scott Nicola E. , Simeoni Monica , Enney Lori A. 
Published: March 2013

Background and Purpose—
Restorative therapies have the potential to improve function and reduce disability after stroke with a wide therapeutic window. The current study evaluated GSK249320, a monoclonal antibody that blocks the axon outgrowth inhibition molecule myelin-associated glycoprotein and also protects oligodendrocytes.

Methods—
Patients with mild-moderate stroke were randomized to intravenous GSK249320 (1, 5, or 15 mg/kg per infusion, in escalating cohorts of 8–9 subjects) versus placebo (n=17). Infusion 1 was 24 to 72 hours after stroke; infusion 2 was 9±1 days later. The primary objective evaluated safety and tolerability, and the secondary objectives evaluated immunogenicity, pharmacokinetics, biomarkers, neurophysiology, and motor function.

Results—
Baseline (n=42) characteristics were similar across treatment groups. No safety concerns were found based on adverse events, examination, vital signs, ECG, nerve conduction tests, brain imaging, motor function testing, and laboratory studies. Two of the 25 subjects dosed with GSK249320 developed transient antidrug antibodies after infusion 1. The pharmacokinetics profile was as expected for an IgG1 type monoclonal antibody. Serum levels of the biomarker S100β did not differ between groups. Global outcome measures were similar across groups. Modality-specific end points could be consistently measured in the first few days after stroke, and one of these, gait velocity, demonstrated a trend toward improvement with GSK249320 compared with placebo.

Conclusions—
GSK249320 was generally well tolerated. No major safety issues were identified in this first study of a monoclonal antibody to modulate the neurobiology of brain repair after stroke. Future studies might explore the efficacy of GSK249320 as a restorative therapy for stroke.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique Identifier: NCT00833989.
God Willing: Im Yirẓeh Hashem—In Sha Allah
Authors: Jospe Raphael , Milo Yonatan 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Except for three passages in the New Testament, the earliest usage in Jewish literature of the phrase “God willing” (or: “if God wills”) dates from the Islamic period. The Hebrew im yirẓeh Hashem reflects the Arabic in sha Allah, but without the underlying Islamic occasionalist denial of natural causality and emphasis on divine omnipotence and decree (al-qadar) propounded by Al-Ghazali and Ash’arite Kalam. The Hebrew term merely reflects belief in divine providence and not occasionalism.
An Assessment of a Microcounseling Model for Nurse Training in Facilitative Interpersonal Skills
Authors: Spruce M.F. , Snyders F.J.A. 
Published: March 2013

Many large psychiatric hospitals, being overcrowded and understaffed, lack a healthy treatment atmosphere. The need for maximizing every staff member's potential cannot thus be overemphasized. Although psychiatric nursing staff have maximum contact with patients, they frequently lack training in interpersonal skills. The aim of the study was to tentatively assess the feasibility of implementing a brief counselling training programme for psychiatric nurses in a hospital context. A set of skills, conducive to the establishment of a therapeutic milieu, was selected. A number of available programmes were assessed in terms of their suitability for training these specific skills, and a microcounseling programme was chosen and implemented. A small sample of nurses was drawn, and no control group was utilized. An own-control, time-series design was used, and methodological difficulties relating to implementation and assessment are discussed. Significant trainee gains were demonstrated, although methodological shortcomings allowed only tentative conclusions. The value of a more rigorous design and extensive process analyses is stressed.
Raakpunte tussen faktorontleding, hoofkomponentontleding en meerdimensionele verskaling
Authors: Vorster J.F. 
Published: March 2013

Aangesien wanopvattings oor die aard en plek van bogenoemde metodes steeds bestaan by gebruikers in die sielkunde, opvoedkunde en sosiologie word 'n kort oorsig oor die literatuur gegee. Bewerings dat faktorontleding (FA) en hoofkomponentontleding (HK) slegs maar 'n onderafdeling van meerdimensionele skaling is, kom in die literatuur voor. Uit hierdie literatuuroorsig het dit duidelik geblyk dat ooreenkomste en verskille tussen FA, HK en MDS bestaan met betrekking tot: die aannames wat gemaak word in verband met die aard van die onderliggende data; die doelstellings van die verskillende metodes; die prosedures wat gevolg word in algoritmes vir berekeninge wat gedoen word, en die aard en interpretasie van die verkreë oplossings. Die bewerings naamlik dat FA en HK onder MDS ingedeel moet word, kon nie ondersteun word nie. Daar word voorgestel dat FA onder die modelle vir kovariansiestruktuurontleding geklassifiseer word terwyl HK en MDS onder die skakelingsmetodes kan ressorteer. HK wat slegs 'n beskrywende data-ontledingsprosedure verteenwoordig het nie te doen met enige kovariansiestruktuur of formele model nie terwyl daar in FA wel sprake is van 'n formele model waar die doelstelling is om die korrelasies tussen die waargenome veranderlikes te verklaar.
Selfkonsepverandering by begaafde kinders
Authors: Stander Cora 
Published: March 2013

In hierdie Studie is daar met kwantitatiewe navorsingsmetodes nagegaan of begaafde kinders wat naskoolse programme bywoon beduidende positiewe selfkonsepveranderinge vertoon. Die ondersoekgroep het uit 60 blanke, Engelssprekende begaafde kinders tussen die ouderdomme agt en 12 jaar bestaan. 'n Solomon-viergroepontwerp is gebruik en die eksperimentele groepe het 'n driemaande kursus in paleontologie by 'n naskoolsentrum vir begaafdes gevolg. Die ‘Piers-Harris Selfkonsepskaal’ is vir voor- en natoetsings gebruik. Daar is bevind dat selfkonsepveranderings van begaafde kinders wat die program deurloop nie beduidend verskil van dié wat nie die program deurloop nie en dat selfkonsepte in 'n positiewe sowel as in 'n negatiewe rigting verander. Alle beskikbare gegewens oor dié proefpersone wie se selfkonseptellings, in verhouding met die res van die groep, beduidend meer positief of meer negatief verander het, is toe kwalitatief ontleed. Die resultate dui daarop dat begaafde kinders wat aanvanklik oor die algemeen positief geëvalueer word, baat vind by die kognitiewe stlmulering wat die spesiale program bied, terwyl dié kinders met emosionele problematiek negatiewe selfkonsepveranderings vertoon. Daar moet egter op gewys word dat hierdie bevindinge slegs op die spesifieke ondersoekgroep van toepassing is en dat dit nie na alle begaafde kinders veralgemeen kan word nie.
Meningsverskil rondom die Amerikaanse Psigiatriese Vereniging se besluit om homoseksualiteit as psigopatologiese versteuring te skrap
Authors: Theron A. 
Published: March 2013

Die Amerikaanse Psigiatriese Vereniging se skrapping van homoseksualiteit as 'n psigiatriese versteuring nadat dit reeds vir meer as 100 jaar as abnormaal beskou is, was 'n kontroversiële besluit, wat groot meningsverskil tussen professionele persone ontketen net. Dit net ook daartoe bygedra dat 'n dilemma vir die psigoterapeut geskep is, aangesien hy voor die keuse gestel is om òf die homoseksuele kliënt se seksuele oriëntasie te verander, òf om hom te help om sy oriëntasie te aanvaar. Ofskoon die Amerikaanse Psigiatriese Vereniging se besluit die aandag op homoseksueles as 'n minderheidsgroep gevestig het, net dit nie duidelikheid gebring oor die normaliteit of abnormaliteit van homoseksualiteit nie. Dit word veral benadruk deur die feit dat hoewel homoseksualiteit uit die psigiatriese klassifikasie-stelsel verwyder is, dit met 'n nuwe nosologiese entiteit ego-distoniese homoseksualiteit vervang is. Dit blyk verder dat die verskillende sienings wat oor die normaliteit of abnormaliteit van homoseksualiteit bestaan, aanvegbaar is en dat meer navorsing oor homoseksualitiet gedoen sal moet word, alvorens uitsluitsel gegee sal kan word oor die wysheid of kortsigtigheid van die Amerikaanse Psigiatriese Vereniging se besluit.
Correlation of Brain Ultrasonography Scans to the Neuromotor Outcome of Very-Low-Birth-Weight Infants During the First Year of Life
Authors: Karagianni Paraskevi , Rallis Dimitrios , Kyriakidou Maria , Tsakalidis Christos , Pratsiou Paraskevi , Nikolaidis Nikolaos 
Published: March 2013

To evaluate the consistency of the Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination scores of very-low-birth-weight infants at 6 and 12 months of age and its correlation to cranial ultrasonography findings, we designed a prospective study between January 2005 and January 2008, in the tertiary Neonatal Unit of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece. All infants enrolled had a cranial ultrasonography performed at term. Preterm infants born at <32 weeks gestation with a birth weight <1500 g were eligible for the study. One hundred seventy-four infants were finally enrolled; out of those, 46 (26%) had an optimal score at 6 and 76 (44%) at 12 months of age. Mean global scores were 61 and 69 at 6 and 12 months, respectively. The Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination score significantly increased between 6 and 12 months, equally in all ultrasonography groups. The presence of cystic periventricular leukomalacia was associated to lower scores and neurologic impairment.
Investigating the Economic Cost of Injury in the Workplace: A Case Study Approach
Authors: Kiel Geoffrey , Kolsen H. Ted , Smith Carmel 
Published: March 2013

AbstractHistorically, the costs of work-related injury have been reported in macro-economic terms. Macro-economic cost alone, however, does not accurately portray the totality of costs that are incurred as a result of a work-related injury. This paper reviews the literature in the area of workplace injury cost estimation and highlights the complexities involved in the area. Using a case study analysis of six workplace injuries, this paper reports on the overall cost of work-related injury, and identifies the key determinants of cost. The research indicates that the actual costs of workplace injury can vary significantly to the “typical” costs as used in some macro-economic studies.
Working but Poor? Low Pay and Poverty in Australia
Authors: Eardley Tony 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe decentralisation of wage bargaining in Australia has led to a widening of the earnings gap. There has been talk of a new phenomenon of ‘working poverty’, where incomes in a significant number of households fall below the poverty line even when family members are in paid employment. This paper examines the growth of working poverty in Australia from the beginning of the 1980s to the mid-1990s. The analysis suggests that the phenomenon of working poverty is real and has been growing. Low pay on an hourly basis does not in itself equal poverty, and the biggest increase in family poverty has been among employees not in low pay. Yet the proportion of low-paid workers who are also in poor families has grown considerably. In the light of these findings the paper discusses the possible impact of policy approaches such as tax credits and higher minimum wages.
Third Way Economic Management in New Zealand
Authors: Dalziel Paul 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe article explains why a ‘Third Way’ for economic management has become important in New Zealand. Economic growth fell sharply compared to Australia after 1984, due to a slow-down in New Zealand’s labour productivity growth after 1991. The paper argues this was partially the result of a neglected aspect of economic management during the 1984–94 decade of economic reform: fostering domestic physical capital formation. The third way differs from both the approach adopted prior to 1984 and the approach adopted during New Zealand’s reforms, based on government involvement, but not direct intervention, in industry and regional development.
Labour Market Flexibility and the Output-Employment Ratio in Australia
Authors: Stegman A. , Stegman T. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis paper addresses two questions with regard to Australia’s unemployment policies over the last decade: namely, the extent to which labour market reform has led to increased labour market flexibility; and the extent to which increased output per worker has meant that strong GDP growth has been translated into correspondingly large reductions in unemployment. With regard to the first question, we use shifts in the Beveridge Curve as a measure of changes in flexibility (following Solow). Shifts in the Beveridge Curve suggest that changes in the efficiency of labour market matching reflect the cyclical effects of hysteresis rather than the effects of labour market reform. With regard to the second question, we decompose changes in the output-employment ratio into structural effects, average hours effects, and residual factor intensity effects. We identify those sectors of the economy in which output per worker has increased significantly.
Core Labour Standards and the WTO
Authors: Turnell Sean 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to suggest ways in which core labour standards can be incorporated into the WTO. Though regarded by some as simply a vehicle for protectionism, the campaign for core labour standards is based on sound economics that extends the logic of trade regulation to the international dimension of labour. Getting agreement on core labour standards and enforcing them will be a difficult task, but one best conducted through the WTO using a joint ILO/WTO enforcement mechanism. It is argued that such a task will bring much-needed legitimacy to the WTO, and increase the chances that it can deliver a world of prosperous, open and fair trade.
Job Sharing in Australia: Possibilities, Problems and Strategies
Authors: Lafferty George , Bohle Philip , Giudice Catherine 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis paper defines job sharing and explores its potential benefits. An overview of its origins and growth in Australia and overseas is followed by discussion of management issues. Organisational issues concern aspects of planning, implementation and operation. Issues for job sharers include finding an appropriate job share partner, maintenance of the job sharing relationship, protection of voluntary participation and preservation of pro rata benefits and other working conditions. A process for facilitating effective liaison between management, job sharers and trade unions is proposed. Job sharing is uncommon in Australia but may assist workers to balance work and family responsibilities or pursue interests outside work while avoiding many disadvantages of precarious work. For employers, it may facilitate retention of valued staff, reduce turnover, enhance recruiting or reduce staff costs. These propositions have not been rigorously tested, however, and avenues for future research are therefore explored.
Integrating Environmental and Economic Data: Reporting to Create a National Accounting Framework for the Environment
Authors: Johnson Michael 
Published: March 2013

AbstractOrganizations and governments have improved their environmental data collection and reporting performance since 1992, but it is still limited and focussed on specific problem solving rather than providing a national accounting framework for addressing environmental problems. In Australia evidence of the consideration of ‘sustainability’ goals in data collection and disclosure is growing through the development of ‘state of the environment’ reporting. The development of integrated environmental, economic and social information to support the application of more radical environmental modernisation ideas by organizations and governments is weak. Private and public sector organization reporting has improved, but there are still insufficient incentives to enhance it. This paper suggests more systematic reporting at the aggregate level by governments is essential if the environment is to be managed in a regular, balanced, sustainable and responsible way.