bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cell‐free DNA screening and sex chromosome aneuploidies
Authors: Mennuti Michael T. , Chandrasekaran Suchitra , Khalek Nahla , Dugoff Lorraine 
Published: June 2015

AbstractCell‐free DNA (cfDNA) testing is increasingly being used to screen pregnant women for fetal aneuploidies. This technology may also identify fetal sex and can be used to screen for sex chromosome aneuploidies (SCAs). Physicians offering this screening will need to be prepared to offer comprehensive prenatal counseling about these disorders to an increasing number of patients. The purpose of this article is to consider the source of information to use for counseling, factors in parental decision‐making, and the performance characteristics of cfDNA testing in screening for SCAs. Discordance between ultrasound examination and cfDNA results regarding fetal sex is also discussed. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exploration of statistical shrinkage parameters of disproportionality methods in spontaneous reporting system of China
Authors: Wang Jing , Ye Xiao‐Fei , Guo Xiao‐Jing , Zhu Tian‐Tian , Qi Na , Hou Yong‐Fang , Zhang Tian‐Yi , Shi Wen‐Tao , Wei Xin , Liu Yu‐Zhou , Wu Gui‐Zhi , He Jia 
Published: June 2015

AbstractPurposeStatistical shrinkage is a potential statistical method to improve the accuracy of signal detection results and avoid spurious associations detected by disproportionality analyses. In this study, we introduced statistical shrinkage influence on disproportionality methods in spontaneous reporting system in China.MethodsWe added the shrinkage parameters in the numerator and denominator, denoted as in the formula of disproportionality analysis. The shrinkage parameters were subjectively set to between 0 and 5, with an interval of 0.1. Adverse drug reaction product label database was deemed as a proxy of golden standard to evaluate the effect of statistical shrinkage. Reports in the years of 2010–2011 were extracted from the national spontaneous reporting system database as the data source for analysis in this study.ResultsWhen α was around 0.5, the Youden index reached the maximum for each disproportionality methods in this study. The value of 0.6 was suggested as the most appropriate statistical shrinkage parameter for reporting odds ratio and proportional reporting ratio and 0.2 for information component based on the spontaneous reporting system of China. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Industrial solar cell tester: study and improvement of I‐V curves and analysis of the measurement uncertainty
Authors: López‐Escalante María Cruz , Fernandez María Carmen , Sierras Rafael , Ramos‐Barrado Jose Ramon 
Published: June 2015

AbstractDetermination of solar cell parameters by illuminated I–V measurement is a standard characterisation technique in the photovoltaic industry. These measurements are carried out under standard conditions (STC: 25 °C, 1000 W/m2 AM1.5G spectrum). It can be considered as the most crucial in‐line test for solar cells as it provides the industry with the conversion efficiency, and it is also a reliable quality control test. Reference cells are mainly used in testing equipment to set irradiance and working conditions in the tester/sorter, the rest of the cells being measured and classified by comparison with that reference. An accurate calibration of the irradiance at STC in cell testers and high precision in determining the main parameters of the I–V curve are required; a suitable design of the mechanical components and an adequate selection of different programme options should be made (distribution of the points measured, temperature correction or classification method). Here, we have studied the accuracy of an industrial solar simulator whose mechanical, electrical, electronic and software components were analysed with an individual solar device and a production sample. An uncertainty analysis was carried out in order to determine the power uncertainty and which components to improve in order to reduce it. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Facile synthesis of poly(DMC‐co‐HPA) hydrogels via infrared laser ignited frontal polymerization and their adsorption–desorption switching performance
Authors: Li Yang , Yang Shengyang , Wang Cai‐Feng , Chen Su 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTIn this work, we report a versatile infrared laser ignited frontal polymerization technique for the fabrication of a series of poly(DMC‐co‐HPA) hydrogels (DMC = methacryloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride, HPA = hydroxypropyl acrylate). Because the method is based on the exothermic reaction, no further energy is required in the reaction once it is initiated. Moreover, we have found the polymerization process is a pure frontal polymerization model without involving any other reaction process. The dependence of frontal velocity and temperature on the reaction time is thoroughly discussed. The as‐prepared hydrogels are pH‐responsive and their maximum equilibrium swelling ratio could reach ∼3,890%. Also, the as‐prepared poly(DMC‐co‐HPA) hydrogels capable of adsorption/desorption switching performance can be utilized for heavy metal ion removal in wastewater treatments. Interestingly, the hydrogels can float on the water surface after intaking heavy metal ions by the combination of kerosene and polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate (Tween 20) in hydrogel components, greatly enhancing treatment efficiency. We believe the method described herein to rapidly construct functional hydrogels with the ability to remove heavy metal ions may find unique applications in emergency processing of water pollution. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem.2015,53, 2085–2093
Synthesis and radical polymerization of methacrylate endowed with bicyclobis(γ‐butyrolactone) moiety through methylene linker
Authors: Yamasaki Ryu , Sudo Atsushi , Endo Takeshi 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTA series of methacrylates bearing bicyclobis(γ‐butyrolactone) (BBL) moiety were synthesized and radically polymerized to afford the corresponding poly(methacrylate)s bearing BBL moiety in the side chain, with expecting that the high polarity and rigidity of BBL would be inherited by the polymers. The resulting polymers were soluble in polar aprotic solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide and N,N‐dimethylformamide because of the high polarity of the BBL moiety. The glass transition temperatures (Tg) of the polymers depended on the length of methylene linker that tethered the methacrylate and BBL moieties, making the use of shorter linkers lead to higher Tgs. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 2462–2468
Substrate channeling between the human dihydrofolate reductase and thymidylate synthase
Authors: Wang Nuo , McCammon J. Andrew 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn vivo, as an advanced catalytic strategy, transient non‐covalently bound multi‐enzyme complexes can be formed to facilitate the relay of substrates, i. e. substrate channeling, between sequential enzymatic reactions and to enhance the throughput of multi‐step enzymatic pathways. The human thymidylate synthase and dihydrofolate reductase catalyze two consecutive reactions in the folate metabolism pathway, and experiments have shown that they are very likely to bind in the same multi‐enzyme complex in vivo. While reports on the protozoa thymidylate synthase‐dihydrofolate reductase bifunctional enzyme give substantial evidences of substrate channeling along a surface “electrostatic highway,” attention has not been paid to whether the human thymidylate synthase and dihydrofolate reductase, if they are in contact with each other in the multi‐enzyme complex, are capable of substrate channeling employing surface electrostatics. This work utilizes protein–protein docking, electrostatics calculations, and Brownian dynamics to explore the existence and mechanism of the substrate channeling between the human thymidylate synthase and dihydrofolate reductase. The results show that the bound human thymidylate synthase and dihydrofolate reductase are capable of substrate channeling and the formation of the surface “electrostatic highway.” The substrate channeling efficiency between the two can be reasonably high and comparable to that of the protozoa.
The next generation of insecticides: dsRNA is stable as a foliar‐applied insecticide
Authors: San Miguel Keri , Scott Jeffrey G 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDRNAi is a powerful tool used to study gene function. It also has been hypothesized to be a promising new method for control of insect pests on crops, although the perceived instability of dsRNA in the environment has constrained thinking about the options for this new type of pest control.RESULTSWe confirmed that foliar application of Colorado potato beetle dsRNA actin is highly effective for control, demonstrated that treatment with actin‐dsRNA protects potato plants for at least 28 days under greenhouse conditions and found that the dsRNA is not readily removed by water once dried on the leaves.CONCLUSIONThese new results suggest that foliar application of dsRNA could be a valuable control strategy for some pests. Technological aspects of spraying dsRNA that need to be considered in the future are discussed. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
‘Falling Leaves Return To Their Roots’: Taiwanese‐Americans Consider Return Migration
Authors: Model Suzanne 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBecause technical innovation is the engine of growth, nations are eager to attract and retain skilled migrants. This paper uses survey data to explore the intention to return among a highly skilled migrant population: Taiwan‐born household heads in the US. The inquiry is guided by expectations drawn from neo‐classical economics (NE) and the New Economics of Labour Migration (NELM). Multivariate analysis firsts predicts the intention to return, then distinguishes among motives. The results of the first analysis yield some findings consonant with NE and others consonant with NELM, but the results of the second indicate that only respondents motivated by a desire to invest fit the pattern articulated by NELM. Most of the remainder fit the pattern described by NE. Because potential investors comprise just 8.6% of the sample, the paper concludes that NE does a better job predicting the expectations of Taiwanese household heads than does NELM. Yet, most return migration occurs within 5 years of arrival, while the present sample represents all Taiwanese households, regardless of time in the US. Thus, the sample underrepresents migrants with the greatest propensity to return. Consequently, the findings of this research generalise only to relatively settled Taiwanese‐Americans. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Open vs robotic radical gastrectomy for locally advanced gastric cancer
Authors: Procopiuc Livia , Tudor S. , Manuc M. , Diculescu M. , Vasilescu C. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundThis study aims to evaluate the immediate outcomes of robotic and open gastrectomy for patients with locally advanced gastric adenocarcinomas.MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed on patients undergoing curative intent gastrectomies between 2004 and 2013 in our department. Operative and postoperative outcomes as well as long‐term survival data were analysed.ResultsTwo groups of patients were analysed: the robotic group (n = 18) and the open surgery group (n = 29). Operating time in the robotic group (320.833 ± 85.186 min) was significantly longer (p = 0.0004) as compared with the open group (243.366 ± 57.973 min). The number of retrieved lymph nodes was not statistically different between the two groups (p = 0.108) and neither was the rate of postoperative complications (p = 0.294).ConclusionsRobotic gastrectomy is a safe procedure, with satisfactory short‐ and long‐term outcomes in locally advanced gastric cancer. Studies on a larger number of patients are necessary in order to confirm whether an immediate benefit in survival exists due to robotic surgery. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Safety, feasibility and learning curve of robotic single‐site surgery in gynecology
Authors: El Hachem Lena , Momeni Mazdak , Friedman Kathryn , Moshier Erin L. , Chuang Linus T. , Gretz Herbert F. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundRobotic single‐site (RSS) surgery has emerged as a novel minimally invasive approach in gynecology.MethodsRetrospective cohort study of consecutive RSS gynecologic procedures undertaken between October 2013 and March 2014.ResultsThe 25 RSS completed cases consisted of 11 adnexal and 14 hysterectomy cases of which three included pelvic lymphadenectomies. Mean age, body mass index and estimated blood loss were 51 years, 25 kg/m2, 30 mL in the adnexal group, respectively, and 58 years, 27 kg/m2, 96 mL in the hysterectomy group, respectively. Mean console time was 20 and 45 min and mean total operative time was 56 and 93 min in adnexal and hysterectomy cases, respectively. The CUSUM method identified two learning phases with significant reduction in console time after the 7th adnexal case and the 5th hysterectomy.ConclusionWhen performed by advanced minimally invasive surgeons and in appropriately selected patients, RSS surgery is feasible and safe. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Twofold Strategy for Riparian Restoration: Combining a Functional Flow Regime and Direct Seeding to Re‐establish Cottonwoods
Authors: Rood S. B. , Kaluthota S. , Gill K. M. , Hillman E. J. , Woodman S. G. , Pearce D. W. , Mahoney J. M. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe transboundary St Mary River drains Glacier National Park, USA, and was progressively dammed and diverted over the 20th century to support agricultural irrigation in northern Montana and southern Alberta, Canada. Following reduced instream flows, the riparian cottonwoods collapsed, and by 2000, few parental trees remained to provide seeds for cottonwood replenishment. As a novel twofold restoration strategy we: (1) worked with the dam operators to deliver a functional flow regime, a regulated instream flow pattern intended to recover some ecological function and specifically seedling recruitment, and (2) delivered cottonwood seeds by direct spreading and by sticking cuttings with seed catkins to allow gradual seed dispersal. The combination of river regulation and seeding enabled cottonwood colonization, and around 1.5% of the applied seeds produced seedlings after the first summer, at sites without livestock or heavy recreational use. Around 15% of those seedlings survived through the fourth summer, with mortality due to drought stress and flood scour, and establishment and survival were higher for the prairie cottonwood, Populus deltoides, than the narrowleaf cottonwood, Populus angustifolia. This study confirmed that the lack of seed source trees limited cottonwood colonization and demonstrated that the twofold restoration strategy provides promise for severe situations where parental trees have been lost. However, this would require substantial effort, and it would be more efficient to provide survivable instream flow patterns that avoid cottonwood collapse. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Do ratings of firms converge? Implications for managers, investors and strategy researchers
Authors: Chatterji Aaron K. , Durand Rodolphe , Levine David I. , Touboul Samuel 
Published: June 2015

Research summary: Raters of firms play an important role in assessing domains ranging from sustainability to corporate governance to best places to work. Managers, investors, and scholars increasingly rely on these ratings to make strategic decisions, invest trillions of dollars in capital, and study corporate social responsibility (CSR), guided by the implicit assumption that the ratings are valid. We document the surprising lack of agreement across social ratings from six well‐established raters. These differences remain even when we adjust for explicit differences in the definition of CSR held by different raters, implying the ratings have low validity. Our results suggest that users of social ratings should exercise caution in interpreting their connection to actual CSR and that raters should conduct regular evaluations of their ratings.Managerial summary: Ratings of corporate social responsibility (CSR) guide trillions of dollars of investment, but managers, investors, and researchers know little about whether these ratings accurately measure CSR. In practice, there are examples of highly rated firms becoming embroiled in scandals and the same firm receiving sharply different ratings from different rating agencies. We evaluate six of the leading raters and find little overlap in their assessments of CSR. This lack of consensus suggests that social responsibility is challenging to measure reliably and that users of these ratings should be cautious in drawing conclusions about firms based on this data. We encourage the rating agencies to regularly validate their data in an effort to improve the measurement of CSR. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relationship between dopamine deficit and the expression of depressive behavior resulted from alteration of serotonin system
Authors: Lee Minkyung , Ryu Young Hoon , Cho Won Gil , Kang Yeo Wool , Lee Soo Jin , Jeon Tae Joo , Lyoo Chul Hyoung , Kim Chul Hoon , Kim Dong Goo , Lee Kyochul , Choi Tae Hyun , Choi Jae Yong 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTDepression frequently accompanies in Parkinson's disease (PD). Previous research suggested that dopamine (DA) and serotonin systems are closely linked with depression in PD. However, comprehensive studies about the relationship between these two neurotransmitter systems are limited. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of dopaminergic destruction on the serotonin system. The interconnection between motor and depression was also examined. Two PET scans were performed in the 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA) lesioned and sham operated rats: [18F]FP‐CIT for DA transporters and [18F]Mefway for serotonin 1A (5‐HT1A) receptors. Here, 6‐OHDA is a neurotoxin for dopaminergic neurons. Behavioral tests were used to evaluate the severity of symptoms: rotational number for motor impairment and immobility time, acquired from the forced swim test for depression. Region‐of‐interests were drawn in the striatum and cerebellum for the DA system and hippocampus and cerebellum for the 5‐HT system. The cerebellum was chosen as a reference region. Nondisplaceable binding potential in the striatum and hippocampus were compared between 6‐OHDA and sham groups. As a result, the degree of DA depletion was negatively correlated with rotational behavior (R2 = 0.79, P = 0.003). In 6‐OHDA lesioned rats, binding values for 5‐HT1A receptors was 22% lower than the sham operated group. This decrement of 5‐HT1A receptor binding was also correlated with the severity of depression (R2 = 0.81, P = 0.006). Taken together, this research demonstrated that the destruction of dopaminergic system causes the reduction of the serotonergic system resulting in the expression of depressive behavior. The degree of dopaminergic dysfunction was positively correlated with the impairment of the serotonin system. Severity of motor symptoms was also closely related to depressive behavior. Synapse 69:453–460, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Read Two Impress
Authors: Young Chase , Rasinski Timothy , Mohr Kathleen A.J. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe authors describe a research‐based method to increase students’ reading fluency. The method is called Read Two Impress, which is derived from the Neurological Impress Method and the method of repeated readings. The authors provide step‐by‐step procedures to effectively implement the reading fluency intervention. Previous research indicates that Read Two Impress can significantly impact students’ reading fluency and overall reading achievement.
Biophysical and biochemical markers at 30–34 weeks' gestation in the prediction of adverse perinatal outcome
Authors: Valiño N. , Giunta G. , Gallo D. M. , Akolekar R. , Nicolaides K. H. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo investigate the potential value of biophysical and biochemical markers at 30–34 weeks' gestation in the prediction of adverse perinatal outcome.MethodsThis was a screening study in 8268 singleton pregnancies at 30–34 weeks' gestation. Estimated fetal weight (EFW), uterine artery (UtA) pulsatility index (PI), umbilical artery (UA) PI, fetal middle cerebral artery (MCA) PI, mean arterial pressure (MAP), serum placental growth factor (PlGF) and soluble fms‐like tyrosine kinase‐1 (sFlt‐1) were measured. The detection rate (DR) and false‐positive rate (FPR) of screening by each biomarker were estimated for stillbirth, pre‐eclampsia, delivery of small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) neonate, Cesarean section for fetal distress before or during labor, umbilical arterial cord blood pH ≤7.0 or umbilical venous cord blood pH ≤7.1, 5‐min Apgar score < 7 and admission to the neonatal unit (NNU).ResultsMultivariable regression analysis demonstrated that significant prediction of PE was provided by PlGF, sFlt‐1, MAP and MCA‐PI, with a DR of 98% for PE delivering < 37 weeks' gestation and 56% for those delivering ≥ 37 weeks, at a 10% FPR. Prediction of SGA was provided by EFW, PlGF, sFlt‐1, UtA‐PI, UA‐PI and MCA‐PI, with a DR of 88% for SGA delivering < 37 and 51% for those delivering ≥ 37 weeks' gestation, at a 10% FPR. Prediction of stillbirth was provided by EFW, UtA‐PI and MCA‐PI, with DR of 30% at 10% FPR. Prediction of Cesarean section for fetal distress before labor was provided by EFW, sFlt‐1, UtA‐PI and UA‐PI, with a DR of 90% at a 10% FPR. Prediction of fetal distress in labor was provided by EFW and sFlt‐1, with a DR of 16% at a 10% FPR. There were no significant differences from the normal outcome group in any of the biomarkers for low cord blood pH, low Apgar score or NNU admission for cases other than those with PE and/or SGA.ConclusionAt 30–34 weeks' gestation, biomarkers of impaired placentation and fetal hypoxemia provide good prediction of PE, SGA and fetal distress before labor, but poor or no prediction of stillbirth and adverse events in labor or after birth. Copyright © 2015 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Imaging of Traumatic Diaphragmatic Rupture: Evaluation of Diagnostic Accuracy at a Level 1 Trauma Centre
Authors: Leung Vincent A. , Patlas Michael N. , Reid Susan , Coates Angela , Nicolaou Savvas 
Published: June 2015

Purpose Traumatic diaphragmatic rupture (TDR) is an uncommon injury that can be associated with significant morbidity if not detected and treated in a timely manner. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of 64-slice multidetector computed tomography (64-MDCT) for the detection of TDR in patients at our level 1 trauma centre. Methods We used our hospital's trauma registry to identify patients with a diagnosis of TDR from January 1, 2008, to December 31, 2012. Only patients with a 64-MDCT scan at presentation who subsequently underwent laparotomy/laparoscopy were included in the study cohort. Using surgical findings as the gold standard, the accuracy of the prospective radiology reports was analyzed. Results Of the 3225 trauma patients who presented to our institution, 38 (1.2%) had a TDR. Fourteen of the 38 were excluded as they did not have MDCT before surgery. The study cohort consisted of 20 males and 4 females with a median age of 34.5 years and a median Injury Severity Score (ISS90) of 26. Fifteen had blunt trauma while 9 had a penetrating injury. The overall sensitivity of the radiology reports was 66.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 46.7%-82.0%), specificity was 100% (95% CI: 94.1%-100%), positive predictive value was 100% (95% CI: 80.6%-100%), negative predictive value was 88.4% (95% CI: 78.8%-94.0%), and accuracy was 90.6% (95% CI: 82.5%-95.2%). However, only 3 of 9 patients with penetrating injury had a correct preoperative diagnosis. Two of the 6 missed penetrating trauma cases had only indirect signs of injury. Conclusions The detection of TDR in trauma patients on 64-MDCT can be improved, especially in patients presenting with penetrating injury. A careful search for subtle diaphragmatic defects and indirect evidence of injury is important to avoid missing the diagnosis.