bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mental health recovery and voting: why being treated as a citizen matters and how we can do it
Authors: Lawn S. , McMillan J. , Comley Z. , Smith A. , Brayley J. 
Published: September 2013

Accessible summary
It helps people with mental illnesses to recover if they are not deprived of their rights of citizenship. The right to vote is an important marker of citizenship.
Ensuring citizenship through the right to vote is especially important when someone is committed under mental health legislation, yet it is unclear how and whether this occurs in practice.
This paper discusses what occurs for this population in Australia and overseas and reviews the role of capacity and supported decision making in the context of the right to vote.
Solutions are offered for how mental health practice can protect the interest that Australians with mental illnesses have in voting.
AbstractA central feature of recovery‐based practice for people with mental illness is that they are able to exercise rights and experience membership of a community. This notion of citizenship is especially important when someone has had rights removed after being committed under mental health legislation. The right to vote is a central marker of citizenship. Supporting a person's right to vote is important for recovery‐based practice. In this paper, we review the issue of voting for people who have been committed under mental health legislation, why it matters for recovery, and what occurs from the Australian and international perspective. We briefly review the concepts of capacity and supported decision making in the context of the right to vote. We also consider the usefulness of the American ‘Doe Standard’, which has been used with the Competency Assessment Tool (CAT‐V), to determine capacity to vote. Some solutions are offered that would protect the interest that Australians with mental illnesses have in voting.
Numerical Investigation of the Unsteady Interaction Within a Close-Coupled Centrifugal Compressor Used in an Aero Engine
Authors: Wilkosz Benjamin , Zimmermann Markus , Schwarz Philipp , Jeschke Peter , Smythe Caitlin 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The present work forms part of a research project of the Institute of Jet Propulsion and Turbomachinery at the RWTH Aachen University in collaboration with GE Aviation. The subject is the detailed numerical analysis of the unsteady flow field, focusing on the interaction between the impeller and the passage diffuser of a close-coupled transonic centrifugal compressor used in an aero engine. The centrifugal compressor investigated is characterized by a close-coupled impeller and passage diffuser with a radial gap of only 3.6%. The close coupling tends to provide a high aerodynamic efficiency but simultaneously cause a high unsteady interaction between the impeller and the diffuser. These unsteady effects can have a significant impact on the performance of both components and present a challenge to state-of-the-art numerical methods. With increasing compressor efficiency, the more important it is to have an understanding of the detailed unsteady flow physics. Experimental data was obtained from a state-of-the art centrifugal compressor test rig located at the Institute of Jet Propulsion. Steady and unsteady pressure measurements within the impeller and diffuser are used to gain detailed information on the temporal, time-averaged, and spectral pressure distributions within the stage to validate the CFD. The work presented here shows the unsteady phenomena caused by the interaction and the location and propagation of these phenomena within the centrifugal stage. Within the impeller, the exducer is in first order excited by the blade passing frequency (BPF) of the diffuser, whereas in the diffuser both the BPF and the passage passing frequency (PPF), are present up until the end of the pipe-diffuser. Significant effects on the integral component performance could only be identified for the impeller. Special focus is paid to evaluate the diffuser upstream pressure field, since this is the major source of unsteadiness within the impeller. The performance of the rotor decreases due to the unsteady interaction. This effect is traced back to the unsteady tip-clearance flow, in which the time-averaged mass transport decreases, whereas the specific entropy production increases in a nonlinear way. Within the diffuser, local effects counteracting with respect to the integral performance are found. In front of the throat, there is less decay in the total pressure as a result of tangentially expanding pressure waves. Within the passage a decrease in flow uniformity in the unsteady flow is identified as the reason for the lower diffusion up until the throat and higher losses within the downstream diffuser passage.
Stable Nanofluids for Convective Heat Transfer
Applications
Authors: Chiney Abhinandan , Ganvir Vivek , Rai Beena , Pradip  
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Nanofluids are stable dispersions of ultrafine or nanoscale metallic, metal oxide, ceramic particles in a given base fluid. It is reported that nanofluids register an extraordinarily high level of thermal conductivity, and thus possess immense potential in improvement of heat transfer and energy efficiency of several industrial applications including vehicular cooling in transportation, nuclear reactors, and microelectronics. The key issues with nanofluids are: (i) a robust, cost-effective and scalable method to produce nanofluids to industrial scale has not yet been developed, (ii) stability in industrial applications is not yet established, and (iii) meaningful data in flow based heat transfer process do not exist. The present work attempts to address all these three issues. We have developed an in-situ technique for preparation of stable nanofluids by wet-milling of the metal oxide powder in the base fluid, and in the presence of a suitable dispersant. The nanofluids thus produced are tested for heat transfer efficiency under flow conditions in double pipe heat exchangers. Alumina nanofluids have been found to show enhancements of around 10–60% for various base fluids flown under different flow conditions. Thermal enhancements have been found to depend on the flow-rate, particle concentration, type of base fluid, and material of the thermal contact surface of the heat exchanger. The nanofluids thus obtained exhibit sustained stability (&gt;30 months) and their stability remains unaltered for several heating-cooling cycles.
Effective detective quantum efficiency for two mammography systems: Measurement and comparison against established metrics
Authors: Salvagnini Elena , Bosmans Hilde , Struelens Lara , Marshall Nicholas W. 
Published: September 2013

Purpose:The aim of this paper was to illustrate the value of the new metric effective detective quantum efficiency (eDQE) in relation to more established measures in the optimization process of two digital mammography systems. The following metrics were included for comparison against eDQE: detective quantum efficiency (DQE) of the detector, signal difference to noise ratio (SdNR), and detectability index (d′) calculated using a standard nonprewhitened observer with eye filter.Methods:The two systems investigated were the Siemens MAMMOMAT Inspiration and the Hologic Selenia Dimensions. The presampling modulation transfer function (MTF) required for the eDQE was measured using two geometries: a geometry containing scattered radiation and a low scatter geometry. The eDQE, SdNR, andd′ were measured for poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) thicknesses of 20, 40, 60, and 70 mm, with and without the antiscatter grid and for a selection of clinically relevant target/filter (T/F) combinations. Figures of merit (FOMs) were then formed from SdNR and d′ using the mean glandular dose as the factor to express detriment. Detector DQE was measured at energies covering the range of typical clinically used spectra.Results:The MTF measured in the presence of scattered radiation showed a large drop at low spatial frequency compared to the low scatter method and led to a corresponding reduction in eDQE. The eDQE for the Siemens system at 1 mm−1 ranged between 0.15 and 0.27, depending on T/F and grid setting. For the Hologic system, eDQE at 1 mm−1 varied from 0.15 to 0.32, again depending on T/F and grid setting. The eDQE results for both systems showed that the grid increased the system efficiency for PMMA thicknesses of 40 mm and above but showed only small sensitivity to T/F setting. While results of the SdNR and d′ based FOMs confirmed the eDQE grid position results, they were also more specific in terms of T/F selection. For the Siemens system at 20 mm PMMA, the FOMs indicated Mo/Mo (grid out) as optimal while W/Rh (grid in) was the optimal configuration at 40, 60, and 70 mm PMMA. For the Hologic, the FOMs pointed to W/Rh (grid in) at 20 and 40 mm of PMMA while W/Ag (grid in) gave the highest FOM at 60 and 70 mm PMMA. Finally, DQE at 1 mm−1 averaged for the four beam qualities studied was 0.44 ± 0.02 and 0.55 ± 0.03 for the Siemens and Hologic detectors, respectively, indicating only a small influence of energy on detector DQE.Conclusions:Both the DQE and eDQE data showed only a small sensitivity to T/F setting for these two systems. The eDQE showed clear preferences in terms of scatter reduction, being highest for the grid‐in geometry for PMMA thicknesses of 40 mm and above. The SdNR andd′ based figures of merit, which contain additional weighting for contrast and dose, pointed to specific T/F settings for both systems.
Refractures of the paediatric forearm with the intramedullary nail in situ
Authors: van Egmond Pim W , van der Sluijs Hans A , van Royen Barend J , Saouti Rachid 
Published: September 2013

Forearm fractures in children are common. When conservative treatment fails, internal fixation with Elastic Stable Intramedullary Nailing (ESIN) become the first choice in the operative treatment of diaphyseal forearm shaft fractures. Refractures with the intramedullary nail in situ are known to occur but formal guidelines to guide management in such fractures are lacking. We present a well-documented case of a radius midshaft refracture in a 12-year-old boy with the intramedullary nail in situ, managed by closed reduction. Literature is reviewed for this type of complication, the treatment of 30 similar cases is discussed and a treatment strategy is defined.The refracture of the paediatric forearm fracture with the intramedullary nail in situ is a rare, but probably under recognised complication which is observed in approximately 2.3% of the study population. Closed reduction may be considered in these cases.
Trial-based cost-effectiveness analysis comparing surgical and endoscopic drainage in patients with obstructive chronic pancreatitis
Authors: Laramée Philippe , Wonderling David , Cahen Djuna L , Dijkgraaf Marcel G , Gouma Dirk J , Bruno Marco J , Pereira Stephen P 
Published: September 2013

ObjectivePublished evidence indicates that surgical drainage of the pancreatic duct was more effective than endoscopic drainage for patients with chronic pancreatitis. This analysis assessed the cost-effectiveness of surgical versus endoscopic drainage in obstructive chronic pancreatitis.DesignThis trial-based cost-utility analysis (ISRCTN04572410) was conducted from a UK National Health Service (NHS) perspective and during a 79-month time horizon. During the trial the details of the diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, and pancreatic insufficiency were collected. The resource use was varied in the sensitivity analysis based on a review of the literature. The health outcome was the Quality-Adjusted Life Year (QALY), generated using EQ-5D data collected during the trial. There were no pancreas-related deaths in the trial. All-cause mortality from the trial was incorporated into the QALY estimates in the sensitivity analysis.SettingHospital.ParticipantsPatients with obstructive chronic pancreatitis.Primary and secondary outcome measuresCosts, QALYs and cost-effectiveness.ResultsThe result of the base-case analysis was that surgical drainage dominated endoscopic drainage, being both more effective and less costly. The sensitivity analysis varied mortality and resource use and showed that the surgical option remained dominant in all scenarios. The probability of cost-effectiveness for surgical drainage was 100% for the base case and 82% in the assessed most conservative case scenario.ConclusionsIn obstructive chronic pancreatitis, surgical drainage is highly cost-effective compared with endoscopic drainage from a UK NHS perspective.
Reducing delay to stroke thrombolysis—lessons learnt from the Stroke 90 Project
Authors: Kendall Jason , Dutta Dipankar , Brown Elsa 
Published: September 2013

BackgroundThe Stroke 90 Project was implemented to reduce delays to stroke thrombolysis and involved 7 hospitals and 2 ambulance services in the Avon, Gloucester, Wiltshire and Somerset regional network. Interventions included a direct to CT (DtoCT) protocol for paramedics to transport patients directly to the CT scanner. Coincidentally, there were severe winter pressures on all participating emergency departments during this period.MethodsComparison of data from 2 groups across all 7 hospitals: preintervention (n=136) and postintervention patients (n=215) thrombolysed from August 2012 to January 2013. The χ2test, t tests, multiple and linear regression were used for analysis.ResultsAmbulance transport times were 56.8 min for preintervention versus 57.5 min for postintervention patients (p=0.78). 11.7% of preintervention patients received thrombolysis within 90 min of call for help versus 23.7% of postintervention cases (p=0.0135). 44% of postintervention patients entered the DtoCT pathway and achieved a mean reduction in door to CT time of 17 min (95% CI 11.5 to 21.5; p<0.0001) and a 19 min reduction in door to needle time (95% CI 10.8 to 26.8; p<0.0001). CT to needle times were 43.8 min preintervention and 42.1 min postintervention (p=0.57).ConclusionsThe DtoCT pathway was successful in reducing delays to thrombolysis and should be implemented routinely. The call to door and CT to needle times were not improved by our interventions and further work is required to streamline these. Factors beyond the control of most hospitals may play a role in delaying treatment, but local changes can be implemented to mitigate this.
Modelling Access Propagation in Dynamic Systems
Authors: Leonard Thomas , Hall-May Martin , Surridge Mike 
Published: September 2013

Access control is a critical feature of many systems, including networks of services, processes within a computer, and objects within a running process. The security consequences of a particular architecture or access control policy are often difficult to determine, especially where some components are not under our control, where components are created dynamically, or where access policies are updated dynamically.
The SERSCIS Access Modeller (SAM) takes a model of a system and explores how access can propagate through it. It can both prove defined safety properties and discover unwanted properties. By defining expected behaviours, recording the results as a baseline, and then introducing untrusted actors, SAM can discover a wide variety of design flaws.
SAM is designed to handle dynamic systems (i.e., at runtime, new objects are created and access policies modified) and systems where some objects are not trusted. It extends previous approaches such as Scollar and Authodox to provide a programmer-friendly syntax for specifying behaviour, and allows modelling of services with mutually suspicious clients.
Taking the Confused Deputy example from Authodox we show that SAM detects the attack automatically; using a web-based backup service, we show how to model RBAC systems, detecting a missing validation check; and using a proxy certificate system, we show how to extend it to model new access mechanisms. On discovering that a library fails to follow an RFC precisely, we re-evaluate our existing models under the new assumption and discover that the proxy certificate design is not safe with this library.
Cetuximab Response of Lung Cancer–Derived EGF Receptor Mutants Is Associated with Asymmetric Dimerization
Authors: Cho Jeonghee , Chen Liang , Sangji Naveen , Okabe Takafumi , Yonesaka Kimio , Francis Joshua M. , Flavin Richard J. , Johnson William , Kwon Jihyun , Yu Soyoung , Greulich Heidi , Johnson Bruce E. , Eck Michael J. , Jänne Pasi A. , Wong Kwok-Kin , Meyerson Matthew 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Kinase domain mutations of the EGF receptor (EGFR) are common oncogenic events in lung adenocarcinoma. Here, we explore the dependency upon asymmetric dimerization of the kinase domain for activation of lung cancer–derived EGFR mutants. We show that whereas wild-type EGFR and the L858R mutant require dimerization for activation and oncogenic transformation, the exon 19 deletion, exon 20 insertion, and L858R/T790M EGFR mutants do not require dimerization. In addition, treatment with the monoclonal antibody, cetuximab, shrinks mouse lung tumors induced by the dimerization-dependent L858R mutant, but exerts only a modest effect on tumors driven by dimerization-independent EGFR mutants. These data imply that different EGFR mutants show differential requirements for dimerization and that disruption of dimerization may be among the antitumor mechanisms of cetuximab. Cancer Res; 73(22); 6770–9. ©2013 AACR.
Effect on Platelet Reactivity From a Prasugrel Loading Dose After a Clopidogrel Loading Dose Compared With a Prasugrel Loading Dose Alone
Authors: Diodati Jean G. , Saucedo Jorge F. , French John K. , Fung Anthony Y. , Cardillo Tracy E. , Henneges Carsten , Effron Mark B. , Fisher Harold N. , Angiolillo Dominick J. 
Published: September 2013

Background—
Adding a prasugrel loading dose (LD) to a clopidogrel LD could be desirable because clopidogrel may fail to provide adequate levels of platelet inhibition in patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.

Methods and Results—

The pharmacodynamic response of prasugrel 60 mg LD alone was compared with prasugrel 60 mg or 30 mg added ≤24 hours to clopidogrel 600 mg in Transferring from Clopidogrel Loading Dose to Prasugrel Loading Dose in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients study—a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, 3-arm, parallel, active-comparator controlled study. Two hundred eighty-two patients were randomized to 3 LD strategies: placebo plus prasugrel 60 mg, clopidogrel 600 mg plus prasugrel 60 mg, or clopidogrel 600 mg plus prasugrel 30 mg. Platelet function was assessed using VerifyNow P2Y12 Reaction Units (PRU) immediately before prasugrel LD, and 2, 6, 24, and 72 hours after prasugrel LD in 149 patients with evaluable platelet function studies. At 6 hours after the prasugrel 60 mg LD, the least squares mean (95% confidence interval) difference between placebo/prasugrel 60 mg and clopidogrel 600 mg/prasugrel 60 mg (primary outcome) was 22.2 (−11.0 to 55.5;
P
=0.19; least squares mean PRU 57.9 versus 35.6, respectively). For clopidogrel 600 mg/prasugrel 30 mg (least squares mean PRU, 53.9), the difference was 3.9 (−28.2 to 36.1;
P
=0.81) versus placebo/prasugrel 60 mg. No significant differences in PRU were observed at any time point across the 3 groups. There were few bleeding events observed regardless of treatment.

Conclusions—
Platelet reactivity with prasugrel 60 mg LD added to clopidogrel 600 mg LD was not significantly different compared with prasugrel 60 mg LD alone in acute coronary syndrome patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01115738.
Endothelial Junctional Adhesion Molecule-A Guides Monocytes Into Flow-Dependent Predilection Sites of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Schmitt Martin M.N. , Megens Remco T.A. , Zernecke Alma , Bidzhekov Kiril , van den Akker Nynke M. , Rademakers Timo , van Zandvoort Marc A. , Hackeng Tilman M. , Koenen Rory R. , Weber Christian 
Published: September 2013

Background—
Junctional adhesion molecule (JAM)-A expressed in endothelial, epithelial, and blood cells can regulate permeability and leukocyte extravasation. Atherosclerosis develops at sites of disturbed flow in large arteries, but the mechanisms guiding inflammatory cells into these predilection sites remain unknown.

Methods and Results—
To characterize cell-specific functions of JAM-A in atherosclerosis, we used apolipoprotein E–deficient mice with a somatic or endothelium-specific deficiency in JAM-A and bone marrow chimeras with JAM-A–deficient leukocytes. We show that impaired JAM-A expression in endothelial cells reduced mononuclear cell recruitment into the arterial wall and limited atherosclerotic lesion formation in hyperlipidemic mice. In contrast, JAM-A deficiency in bone marrow cells impeded monocyte de-adhesion, thereby increasing vascular permeability and lesion formation, whereas somatic JAM-A deletion revealed no significant effects. Regions with disturbed flow displayed a focal enrichment and luminal redistribution of endothelial JAM-A and were preferentially protected by its deficiency. The functional expression and redistribution of endothelial JAM-A was increased by oxidized low-density lipoprotein, but confined by atheroprotective laminar flow through an upregulation of microRNA (miR)-145, which repressed JAM-A.

Conclusions—
Our data identify endothelial JAM-A as an important effector molecule integrating atherogenic conditions to direct inflammatory cell entry at predilection sites of atherosclerosis.
Thirty years of artificial syntopy between Hydromantes italicus and H. ambrosii ambrosii (Amphibia, Plethodontidae)
Authors: Cimmaruta Roberta , Forti Gianluca , Lucente Daniela , Nascetti Giuseppe 
Published: September 2013

Thirty years ago, in 1983, an experiment of artificial syntopy put together two allopatric taxa of mainland European plethodontids: Hydromantes ambrosii ambrosii and H. italicus. An equal number of specimens of both species were released in a cave with a suitable environment but located outside the range of the genus. The aim was to test the effectiveness of the reproductive isolating mechanisms of these two moderately divergent taxa and, in the case hybridization would have occurred, to analyse the extent and mechanisms of introgressive hybridization while in progress. Previous data collected between 1996 and 1999 showed that H. italicus and H. a. ambrosii were hybridizing and that their hybrids were viable and fertile enough to produce backcrosses. The data presented here, based on allozymes and restriction enzymes on a fragment of the mitochondrial Cytochrome-b gene, showed that introgressive hybridization is still ongoing. However, the gene exchange between the two taxa is restricted since most of the specimens scored were pure H. a. ambrosii, the percentage of hybrid/recombinant specimens was quite low and a strong deficiency of heterozygote genotypes was recorded.
The results presented showed that this long term experiment assisted in providing insights into the patterns and mechanisms underlying hybridization and introgression, showing the spreading of a foreign mtDNA (H. italicus) into the gene pool of another species (H. a. ambrosii) despite the fact that the nuclear genomes remain substantially differentiated.