bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Il bisogno dei valori e ricerca del senso della vita dei giovani di oggi. Punti Chiavi della Logoterapia di Viktor E. Frankl applicati nel campo formativo
Authors: Styczyński Michał 
Published: July 2015

During their existence, people often forget about the meaning of life. With the world spinning faster and faster, the disappearing ability to reflect on complex day-to-day life, the virtual reality and ‘the net’ jungle, people are forgetting how to discover values that lead to the higher goal. There is special concern for the young generation which often loses the meaning of life. The answer to the question – how to find the meaning of life – gives the theory of logotherapy and existential analysis, which was created by Victor E. Frankl. The story of his life, and the difficult experiences which led him to discover the meaning of life persuade the reader about the truthfulness of his scientific discoveries. Logotherapy is a way to find goals and meaning in life: it makes people think about their existence. Frankl shows a certain hierarchy of values, which appear during specific and often difficult life situations. He survived four concentration camps and during those extreme times he was able to find meaning in life. What is more, he helped others find their meaning. A teacher appears on a young man’s life path and this teacher, according to logotherapy, should become the logo-educator and witness to the values. He should be someone, who points to meaning and is able to manifest the meaning of his own existence. Through a mature relationship with the student, the teacher helps the student discover what is the most important. The teacher helps the student realise one’s own plans through to the will, meaning and human conscience – spaces through which the sens consciousness shines through.
Edith Stein – “Great Daughter of Israel and Carmel”, Searching for the Truth Every Day
Authors: Pryba Andrzej 
Published: July 2015

Edith Stein was born in a traditional religious Jewish family. In her youth, she stopped praying and lost her faith in God. She was, however, very faithful in searching for the truth, which had become her life's passion. First, the article presents various definitions of truth. Then it deals with phenomenological methods of discovering the truth about man, which were characteristic of Edith Stein. Finally, it shows her discovery of the God of Love, who pulled her towards mystical union in the spirituality of Carmel. St. Teresa Benedicta of the Cross (Edith Stein) died in the concentration camp at Auschwitz experiencing the mystery of the Cross of Christ and sacrificing herself for her nation.
Die Familie – Relikt der Vergangenheit oder Fundament der Zukunft?
Authors: Waleszczuk Zbigniew 
Published: July 2015

This article is a description of the current situation of the family from a Christian perspective and is divided into three chapters according to the method of the catholic social teaching: see judge, act. In the first part, a analysis of reality is presented, that is a sociological view of the situation of the family in the European countries. The outline of the situation of the family is shown in three dimensions (socio-cultural, political and economic). The second part briefly treats the Catholic teaching on the family, especially their social significance according to John Paul II.. The third part formulates practical conclusions to the question of what we can and should do to promote the family. It is the aim of Christian social ethics – as an instrument of evangelization - to draw adequate conclusions resulting in effective actions of Christians. It is about building bridges between theology and the challenges of the present. Without a doubt, the family is not just a relic of the past, as it was provocatively formulated in the title, but it is, and will continue to be, the foundation of the future.
L’aspetto ecclesiale dell’esistenza cristiana nella morte
Authors: Jaśkiewicz Sylwester 
Published: July 2015

This article draws attention to one of the important dimensions of the Christian vision of death, namely its ecclesial dimension. Human existence, after the pilgrimage, is not a solitary existence. Since the Church is one, as we profess in the Creed, all those who belong to Christ, both the living and the dead, belong to the one reality of the Church. The dead are thus not just pious memories in the human mind, but a continuing real presence in the Church, each according to one’s proper state. The Second Vatican Council recalled the three dimensions of the Church - the earthly, heavenly, and the being at the stage of purification. Since ancient times, the Church prays and encourages prayers for the dead, and recalls the communication of spiritual goods. While individual persons are responsible for their actions, including the preparation of the definitive meeting with the Lord, the whole Church still intercedes for them. With the reality of purgatory, which is, in fact, an experience of the mercy of God, persons closely united to Christ and His Church are able to achieve the measure of sanctification, which they failed to achieve during their earthly life.
Discernimento del Superiore religioso: la postulazione
Authors: Michowicz Przemysław 
Published: July 2015

The main purpose of the present submission relates to the matter of the postulation regulated by the legal disposition expressed in canons 180 e 181 CIC/83. The main emphasis is not placed on the correct application of the canon law, in the case concerning the dispensation granted to who is ineligible to the canonical office or other assignment.Instead, the Author tries to highlight the meaning and importance that must be given to the discernment undertaken by the collegial Authority in the case of election. The article presents the certain conditions required from the candidate and, at the same time, supplies these criteria, which usually are considered by the Congregation of Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life in the matter of admission of the postulation.
Die Polen angesichts der Umbrüche im politischen und gesellschaftlichen Bereich. Ein Vierteljahrhundert nach der Unabhängigkeit Polens
Authors: Stala Józef 
Published: July 2015

Financial, political, ideological, sociological, cultural and existential transitions in Poland are experienced as a far more complex process than what it seemed in the beginning. The challenges Poles are facing in a new, democratic society, in some ways, are more demanding than those in a socialist one. In this article, the author presents sociological data, gathered by the Public Opinion Research Centre in Poland, showing the public opinion about the change in the system since 1989. The evaluation of the social consequences of transformation is not unequivocal. 37 % believe that the post-1989 changes brought more benefits than losses to the people. On the negative side, Poles note the increase in individualism and weakening of interpersonal ties. Negative public sentiment grew in Poland especially after 2009, five years after Polish accession to the European Union when the average salary of Poles accounted for about 25-30% of earnings in Western Europe, many people could not find employment in Poland and so they had to migrate to Western Europe.
The Political Activity of Mazovian Dukes Between the 13th and 15th Century
Authors: Graczyk Waldemar 
Published: July 2015

According to some historians, Mazovia once had a separate political existence, with a different form of economy, a social structure and customs that differedfrom those of the Crown, a separate dialect, and its own laws.One of theoutward expressions of its separate existence was its own dynasty. To defend its independence, Mazovia entered into feudal contracts with Bohemia and Kazimierz III the Great. Mazovian dukes also paid homage to Władysław Jagiełło, not only as an acknowledgment of dependence, but also of certain obligations the dukes took upon themselves. After the death of Władysław Jagiełło, a group of Lesser Poland lords proposed the candidature of Siemowit V as king of Poland, and Mazovia had a chance to play a more significant role in Polish politics. It should be stressed that while Siemowit IV still enjoyed popularity on the political scene, his sons, particularly after they divided their patrimony among themselves in 1434, very soon lost significance. The period of the greatest regional disintegration of Mazovia began and the province soon lost any political significance.
La responsabilidad social universitaria: Componente fundamental en la formación de los futuros docentes de la carrera de Pedagogía, de la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana
Authors: Raza Calderón Nelson Aníbal , Loachamín Paucar Jesús José María 
Published: July 2015

<p>El propósito de esta investigación fue determinar las directrices teórico-prácticas de Responsabilidad Social Universitaria (RSU), que orientaban desde la docencia, la formación de los estudiantes en la carrera de Pedagogía de la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana (UPS), sede Quito (Q).</p><p>En cuanto al enfoque metodológico, la investigación se desarrolló en dos momentos: en el primero, se establecieron los lineamientos conceptuales de RSU, en los escenarios universitarios e institucionales. En el segundo, se realizó el estudio de caso en la carrera de Pedagogía de la UPS-Q que abarcó sus tres instancias: directiva, docente y estudiantil, a través de una modalidad mixta: cualitativa y cuantitativa, de carácter evaluativo. La cualitativa, recogió datos e información mediante entrevistas con profundidad, realizadas a los integrantes del Consejo de Carrera y grupos focales de diez estudiantes, seleccionados aleatoriamente, de cada uno de los niveles 4o, 6o y 8o. La cuantitativa, a través de una encuesta, aplicada a todo el colectivo de docentes.</p><div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>Finalmente, se estableció que no hay una concepción clara sobre RSU en el nivel directivo, docente y estudiantil de Pedagogía de la UPS-Q; es un concepto que está en construcción. No obstante, subyace la idea del compromiso de la UPS, con los sectores sociales más necesitados que se expresa en los propósitos formativos de sus estudiantes. </span></p></div></div></div>
Importancia de la traducción e interpretación de idiomas para las empresas exportadoras de cacao
Authors: Martinetti Macias Nicole , Chóez Ortega Miriam 
Published: July 2015

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>El presente trabajo analiza la importancia del servicio de traducción e interpretación en las negociaciones internacionales por parte de las empresas ecuatorianas exportadoras, considerando que en la actualidad existe un mayor interés por parte de los productores locales por captar un porcentaje de mercado en Asia. De acuerdo a este hecho uno de los aspectos importantes es el papel del traductor y del intérprete en la comunicación con los importadores. Sin embargo, las empresas del sector cacaotero no cuentan con un departamento de traducción e interpretación (T&amp;I), o no manejan adecuadamente el idioma inglés. Para llevar a cabo el trabajo se utilizó una investigación cualitativa, para lo cual fue necesario realizar entrevistas a varios actores de este sector económico. </span></p></div></div></div>
Public sphere contestation: configuration of political Islam in contemporary Indonesia
Authors: Qodir Zuly 
Published: July 2015

<p>Argument in this paper draws upon Habermasian understanding of the distinction<br />between private and public sphere. Public sphere is understood as open<br />space that various social and cultural forces seek to define and occupy by ways of<br />rational interests and public reason. Such attempts take place on daily basis and<br />taken by groups of different backgrounds and interests. Private sphere, in contrast,<br />is conceived of as having domestic or individual characteristics and, more<br />or less, non-political. It is within this framework that the continuing presence of<br />multiple variants of political Islam in Indonesia has been a manifestation of contestation<br />over public sphere. Diverse variants of Indonesian political Islam reveal<br />the difference between actors and issues in the dynamics of their contention.<br />However, evidence makes clear that variants of both political and popular Islam<br />have been more dominant than other Islamic variants such progressive and neotraditionalist<br />Islam. This study argues that mode of Islamic articulations in Indonesia<br />is now more diverse as the it has developed not only in the articulatory<br />forms of modernist, revivalist and traditionalist but also progressive, neo-traditionalist<br />and popular Islam.</p><p>Tulisan ini didasarkan pada kerangka ruang publik Jurgen Hubermas yang<br />membedakan ruang privat dan ruang politik (publik). Ruang publik merupakan<br />ruang yang terbuka untuk diperebutkan oleh siapa pun dan kapan pun. Sementara<br />ruang privat merupakan ruang yang bersifat domestic (individual) tidak berdimensi<br />politik secara dominan. Dalam persepktif semacam itu, hadirnya varian-varian<br />Islam Indonesia merupakan bentuk kontestasi atas ruang publik yang terbuka<br />untuk siapapun. Dari varian-varian Islam Indonesia, ada perbedaan aktor dan<br />isu yang dikembangkan dalam kontestasi publik. Hanya saja kontestasi varian<br />Islam politik dan popular mendapatkan ruang lebih dominan ketimbang varian<br />Islam lain seperti progresif atau neo-tradisionalisme. Kajian ini menunjukkan<br />bahwa Islam Indonesia tengah mengalami perkembangan format artikulasi yang<br />sangat beragam. Islam Indonesia tidak hanya berkembang dalam format<br />modernis, revivalis, tradisionalisme, tetapi sekaligus progresif, neo-tradisionalis<br />dan popular Islam.</p><p> </p>
Ahmadiyah, conflicts, and violence in contemporary Indonesia
Authors: Mariani Nina 
Published: July 2015

This article examines conflicts and violence experienced by Ahmadiyah commu-nity in Indonesia after reformasi era. In spite of diversities among Muslims in<br />Indonesia, Ahmadiyah (Jemaat Ahmadiyah Indonesia) has been experiencing some<br />forms of violence both from other Muslims and government. The number of<br />violence has risen dramatically after the issuing second fatwa from Majelis Ulama<br />Indonesia in 2005 and the Joint Ministerial Decree (SKB) on Ahmadiyah. Those<br />forms of violence are issuing decree on banning Ahmadiyah, sealing the mosques<br />and banning of doing religious activities, and mobbing the mosques and houses,<br />including killing. Furthermore, this paper argues that Indonesia’s goverment does<br />not take its responsibility to protect its people particularly from minorities groups,<br />even some local governments also do violence towards Ahmadiyah community.<br />Artikel ini membahas konflik dan kekerasan yang dialami oleh komunitas<br />Ahmadiyah di Indonesia setelah masa reformasi. Walaupun Muslim di Indonesia<br />sangat beragam, Jemaat Ahmadiyah Indonesia mengalami beberapa bentuk<br />kekerasn baik dari Muslim yang lain maupun dari pemerintah. Jumlah kekerasna<br />yang menimpa mereka meningkat tajam setelah dikeluarkannya fatwa sesat kedua<br />dari MUI pada tahun 2005 dan Surat Keputusan Bersama (SKB) tiga menteri mengenai Ahmadiyah. Berbagai bentuk kekerasan yang menimpa mereka yaitu<br />pengeluaran peraturan pelarangan keberadaan Jemaat Ahmadiyah di berbagai<br />provinsi, penyegelan masjid dan pelarangan melakukan aktifitas keagamaan,<br />penyerangan masjid- masjid dan rumah-rumah warga Ahmadiyah, bahkan<br />pembunuhan. Selain itu, pemerintah pusat sepertinya tidak melaksanakan<br />kewajibannya untuk melindungi warganya, terutama dari kalangan minoritas<br />bahkan beberapa pemerintah lokal justru melakukan kekerasan terhadap warga<br />Ahmadiyah di daerahnya.<br />
Institutionalising diasporic Islam: multiculturalism, secularism and the integration of Muslim immigrants in Britain
Authors: Wardana Amika 
Published: July 2015

The integration of Muslim immigrants in Western countries especially Britain has<br />attracted wider attention both from academia, policymakers and public in gen-<br />eral. Their different religion (i.e. Islam) has been regarded as the crucial factors<br />in the process contextualised by the socio-political circumstances of the host<br />society and the existence transnational link to the home country encouraging<br />them to reproduce and transplant their ethno-religious tradition in diaspora. The<br />article addresses the interplay between, on the one hand, the strong and weak-<br />ness of the politics of multiculturalism and the secularisation and desecularisation<br />of British society, and on the other, the institutionalisation of Islam in Britain amidst<br />the persistent internal divisions and fragmentations of minority Muslim immi-<br />grant communities. As the result, Muslim immigrants have set up an ethno-reli-<br />gious integration trajectory through their own established socio-religious institu-<br />tions and associations in parallel with the host country social and political ones.<br />Integrasi imigran Muslim di negara-negara Barat khususnya Inggris telah<br />memeroleh perhatian luas baik dari kalangan akademisi, pembuat kebijakan dan publik pada umumnya. Keragaman agama mereka (termasuk Islam) dipandang<br />sebagai faktor penting dalam proses yang dikontekstualisasi oleh lingkungan sosio-politik masyarakat setempat dan hubungan transnasional yang ada dengan negara<br />asal yang mendorong mereka mereproduksi dan mentransplantasi tradisi etno-religi mereka di diaspora. Artikel ini memaparkan hubungan saling pengaruh<br />antara kekuatan dan kelemahan politik multikulturalisme di satu sisi, dan<br />institusionalisasi Islam di Inggris yang melahirkan pembagian dan fragmentasi<br />internal di kalangan komunitas imigran Muslim minoritas di sisi lain. Akibatnya,<br />imigran Muslim telah membangun peta integrasi etno-religi melalui lembaga-lembaga dan asosiasi-asosiasi sosio-religi mereka yang sudah mapan paralel<br />dengan lembaga dan asosiasi social dan politik negara setempat.
Modification of character education into akhlaq education for the global community life
Authors: Sutomo Imam 
Published: July 2015

The term “character education” appears to be a massive movement aroundthe world as a concern to rise up a generation of children who have strongmoral character. All primary and secondary educational institutions socializecharacter education, including Indonesia since 2010. The Islamic world uses aspecific term “akhlaq education”. It has taken place throughout the history ofIslamic civilization and has succeeded in cultivating Muslim characters. Thecore of akhlaq education is in the spiritual purification and obedience to God.Research from various Islamic countries show that the model of akhlaq educationis not changed much. It is conserved from generation to generation, thatmake it far behind the sophistication of character education. Muslims seemnot to put up with adequate characters to mingle with the global society. Theimplementation of akhlaq education let students comprehend a peaceful lifeonly in their environment. Due to everyone’s use of the Western science andtechnology, Muslims also adapt to this phenomenon and take a benefit tofacilitate their needs. The format of character education as an instrument needsto be modified into akhlaq education, so that students are not locked into anarrow local insight and can take part in the life of the global community.This modification includes 1) adopting the content of character education for the global community, 2) providing insights for the role of teachers and educationalinstitutions, 3) variety of learning model, 4) involving parents andthe community, and 5) accommodating students from various religions.Istilah “pendidikan karakter” muncul menjadi gerakan masif di seluruh duniasebagai bentuk kepedulian untuk menyiapkan anak didik berkarakter baik.Semua lembaga pendidikan dasar dan menengah menyosialisasikan pendidikankarakter, termasuk Indonesia mulai tahun 2010. Dunia Islam menggunakanterm “pendidikan akhlaq” telah berlangsung sepanjang sejarah peradaban Islamdan telah berhasil dalam pembentukan karakter Muslim. Karakteristikpendidikan akhlaq terutama dalam penyucian rohani dan kepatuhan kepadaTuhan. Penelitian dari berbagai Negara Islam menunjukkan bahwa modelpendidikan akhlaq tidak banyak perubahan, konservasi dari generasi ke generasi,jauh tertinggal dengan kecanggihan pendidikan karakter. Anak didik Muslimtidak disiapkan dengan karakter yang memadai untuk masuk dalam kehidupanmasyarakat global. Seperti penggunaan ilmu dan teknologi Barat oleh semuaorang (termasuk Muslim), format pendidikan karakter sebagai instrumen perludiadaptasi dalam pendidikan akhlaq, agar anak didik tidak terbelenggu dalamwawasan lokal yang sempit dan dapat memasuki kehidupan masyarakat global.Adaptasi tersebut mencakup 1) content pendidikan karakter untukmasyarakat global, 2) wawasan guru dan peran lembaga pendidikan, 3) modelpembelajaran yang variatif, 4) pelibatan orang tua dan masyarakat, dan 5)menampung siswa lintas agama.
Adhesive performance of precoated brackets after expiration
Authors: Cloud Cayce C. , Trojan Terry M. , Suliman Sam N. , Tantbirojn Daranee , Versluis Antheunis 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To evaluate adhesive performance in terms of debonding forces of precoated metal and ceramic brackets 4 years after expiration.

Materials and Methods:
Buccal and lingual surfaces of embedded extracted maxillary premolars were etched with 34% Tooth Conditioner Gel (Dentsply Caulk, Milford, Del), rinsed, and dried. Transbond MIP (3M Unitek, Monrovia, Calif) was applied prior to placing adhesive precoated brackets (APC II Victory stainless steel and APC Plus Clarity ceramic brackets, 3M Unitek). The preexpiration brackets had 29–35 months before, and the postexpiration brackets were 45–52 months past, their expiration dates. Sample size was 17–21 per group. Debonding forces were determined by subjecting the bonded brackets to a shear force in a universal testing machine. Debonding forces were compared using two-way ANOVA. Debonded surfaces were examined under a stereomicroscope to determine failure modes, which were compared using the chi-square test.

Results:
No statistically significant difference was found in debonding forces (P  =  .8581) or failure modes (P  =  .4538) between expired and unexpired brackets. Metal brackets required statistically significantly higher debonding forces than did ceramic brackets (P  =  .0001). For both expired and unexpired brackets, failure modes were mostly cohesive in the adhesive layer for ceramic brackets, and mixed between adhesive and cohesive failure in the adhesive layer for metal brackets.

Conclusions:
Adhesive precoated brackets did not have any reduction in enamel-adhesion properties up to 4 years after their expiration date. Extended shelf life testing for precoated dental brackets may be worth considering.
Categorical Pullbacks
Authors: Riccardi Marco 
Published: July 2015

Summary
The main purpose of this article is to introduce the categorical concept of pullback in Mizar. In the first part of this article we redefine homsets, monomorphisms, epimorpshisms and isomorphisms [7] within a free-object category [1] and it is shown there that ordinal numbers can be considered as categories. Then the pullback is introduced in terms of its universal property and the Pullback Lemma is formalized [15]. In the last part of the article we formalize the pullback of functors [14] and it is also shown that it is not possible to write an equivalent definition in the context of the previous Mizar formalization of category theory [8].