bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perioperative Outcomes Using Single-Fire Stapler
Authors: Fritz Gregory D. , Sharrak Aryana , Aubrey Jason , Topalli Xhesika , Vrana Antonia , Opalikihn Anne , Zambito Giuseppe M. , Martin Thomas D. , Foote James A. , Smith Joshua R. , Schram Jon L. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is the most common bariatric surgery performed worldwide. The Titan stapler aims to standardize the sleeve gastrectomy by eliminating inconsistencies and simplifying the procedure.

Methods
A retrospective chart review was performed on all patients > 18 years of age undergoing LSG using the Titan. Pre-operative demographics, perioperative findings, and post-operative complications were all abstracted from the MBSAQIP database.

Results
A total of 807 LSG have been performed using the latest iteration of the Titan stapler since November 2022. Data from these patients was compared to 3829 patients who underwent LSG using a sequential staple firing technique from September 2016–September 2021. The median age of Titan patients was 42 years (IQR 33–52) compared to 44 years (IQR 35–54) for sequential firing. The median pre-operative BMI was 47.1 (IQR 43.5–52.1) for Titan versus 47.6 (IQR 43.1–53.3) for sequential staple firing. After propensity matching, operative duration was significantly less for the Titan. Titan patients had decreased hospital length of stay, experienced fewer 30-day readmissions, and had less post-operative nausea/vomiting. Post-op bleed rates were similar between the two cohorts. Weight loss at 6 months favored the sequential fire arm, but our preliminary data shows this difference diminishes at 1 year.

Conclusions
Here we report our data on patients undergoing LSG using the latest Titan stapler. We show the device is safe, effective, and has resulted in an improvement in length of stay, readmissions, and post-operative nausea/vomiting. We also noted reduced operative time with this technique.

Graphical Abstract
Early postembryonic morphology of the stick insect subgenual organ complex
Authors: Strauß Johannes 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMechanoreceptor organs in hemimetabolous insects are physiologically important not only in the adult insects, but also for sensory functions in the juvenile postembryonic stages. They provide proprioceptive and exteroceptive information, e.g., in locomotion or orientation. In stick insects (Phasmatodea), the subgenual organ complex in the tibia of all legs is an elaborate mechanoreceptor system. This complex contains two chordotonal organs, the subgenual organ and the distal organ. These organs have mainly been studied in adult insects for the neuroanatomy and functional morphology. Here, the sensory organs were investigated in newly hatched Ramulus artemis (Westwood, 1859) to indicate the functional organisation at the beginning of postembryogenesis, when the detection of mechanical stimuli becomes relevant for behaviour. The organs were investigated by axonal tracing for the organ neuroanatomy, innervation, and number of sensilla in the distal organ. In addition, the sensory complex was analysed for the connection by a membrane between the organs. The organs are present after hatching, indicating in particular a possible vibration detection by the subgenual organ. In most cases, the connection between the sensory organs was also present. This indicates the development of sensory neurons and additional tissues during embryogenesis. The sensory neurons in the subgenual organ show a re-organisation, as the dorsal sensilla change from orientation in distal directions to proximal directions. This finding is discussed for implications in vibration detection. The overall results indicate some neuroanatomical modifications during postembryonic development, while the main structures of the subgenual organ complex already originate during embryonic development.
Assessing the interplay: teacher efficacy, compassion fatigue, and educator well-being in Australia
Authors: Oberg Glenys , Macmahon Stephanie , Carroll Annemaree 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn Australia, there is a growing concern about the well-being of teachers with many expressing their intention to leave the profession or indeed have already left. Various reasons have been suggested for this trend, with burnout being identified as one of the factors. This study investigates burnout in Australian teachers as one of the constructs which make up compassion fatigue (CF), a reduced ability to empathise with others. Moreover, it explores secondary traumatic stress (STS), which also contributes to CF and occurs when a person learns about the traumatic experiences of someone under their care. Both constructs may severely impact the ability of teachers to form close relationships with their students. As part of the present study, 1939 Australian teachers were surveyed about their quality of life, well-being, classroom efficacy, and trauma awareness. Findings demonstrate that teachers with higher levels of well-being and with higher perceived classroom efficacy are less prone to burnout, reducing the risk of emotional exhaustion and disengagement often associated with this phenomenon. Conversely, connections were found between lower well-being of teachers and educators' awareness of trauma and their susceptibility to STS. Recommendations are made for further research exploring the barriers and enablers of compassion fatigue as well as positive teacher well-being, in order to develop targeted initiatives to better prepare and protect teachers to work with a cohort of students who are increasingly demonstrating symptoms of trauma and poor well-being.
A transitional care program in a technologically monitored in‐hospital facility reduces the length of hospital stay and improves multidimensional frailty in older patients: a Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Pilotto Alberto , Morganti Wanda , Barbagelata Marina , Seminerio Emanuele , Morelli Simona , Custureri Romina , Dini Simone , Senesi Barbara , Prete Camilla , Puleo Gianluca , Berutti Bergotto Carlo , Vallone Francesco , Custodero Carlo , Camurri Antonio ,   The PRO‐HOME Project Investigators Group
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Longer length of hospital stay (LOS) negatively affects the organizational efficiency of public health systems and both clinical and functional aspects of older patients. Data on the effects of transitional care programs based on multicomponent interventions to reduce LOS of older patients are scarce and controversial.

Aims
The PRO‐HOME study aimed to assess the efficacy in reducing LOS of a transitional care program involving a multicomponent intervention inside a technologically monitored in‐hospital discharge facility.

Methods
This is a Randomized Clinical Trial on 60 patients (≥65 years), deemed stable and dischargeable from the Acute Geriatrics Unit, equally assigned to the Control Group (CG) or Intervention Group (IG). The latter underwent a multicomponent intervention including lifestyle educational program, cognitive and physical training. At baseline, multidimensional frailty according to the Multidimensional Prognostic Index (MPI), and Health‐Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) were assessed in both groups, along with physical capacities for the IG. Enrolled subjects were evaluated after 6 months of follow‐up to assess multidimensional frailty, HRQOL, and re‐hospitalization, institutionalization, and death rates.

Results
The IG showed a significant 2‐day reduction in LOS (median days IG = 2 (2–3) vs. CG = 4 (3–6); p < 0.001) and an improvement in multidimensional frailty at 6 months compared to CG (median score IG = 0.25(0.25–0.36) vs. CG = 0.38(0.31–0.45); p = 0.040). No differences were found between the two groups in HRQOL, and re‐hospitalization, institutionalization, and death rates.

Discussion
Multidimensional frailty is a reversible condition that can be improved by reduced LOS.

Conclusions
The PRO‐HOME transitional care program reduces LOS and multidimensional frailty in hospitalized older patients.
Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov n. NCT06227923 (retrospectively registered on 29/01/2024).
Effect of Dislocation Density on the Dynamic Strength of Aluminium
Authors: Jonsson J. C. , Chapman D. J. , Farbaniec L. , Escauriza E. M. , Smith L. C. , Eakins D. E. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe effects of cold work on dynamic flow strength is studied through measurements of dislocation density and elastic precursor attenuation in shocked aluminium. High-purity aluminium and Al 6082 alloy samples are subjected to up to three passes of rotary swaging, a severe plastic deformation (SPD) technique, in order to produce large variations in starting material conditions. Detailed material characterisation is performed using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to determine the initial dislocation density, texture, grain boundary density and misorientation distribution. Variations in dynamic strength are studied through the evolution of the elastic precursor amplitude with propagation distance in specimens with thicknesses between 0.2 and 1 mm, shock loaded to impact stresses of about 4.6 GPa. It is shown that dynamic strength decreases with increasing initial dislocation density in both materials, demonstrating rare, quantified measurements of a reversal in the effect of dislocation density on yield strength at strain rates around 10$$^{4}$$

4

s$$^{-1}$$

-
1

and above.
A quantum information theoretic analysis of reinforcement learning-assisted quantum architecture search
Authors: Sadhu Abhishek , Sarkar Aritra , Kundu Akash 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn the field of quantum computing, variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) represent a pivotal category of quantum solutions across a broad spectrum of applications. These algorithms demonstrate significant potential for realising quantum computational advantage. A fundamental aspect of VQAs involves formulating expressive and efficient quantum circuits (namely ansatz), and automating the search of such ansatz is known as quantum architecture search (QAS). Recently reinforcement learning (RL) techniques is utilized to automate the search for ansatzes, know as RL-QAS. This study investigates RL-QAS for crafting ansatz tailored to the variational quantum state diagonalisation problem. Our investigation includes a comprehensive analysis of various dimensions, such as the entanglement thresholds of the resultant states, the impact of initial conditions on the performance of RL-agent, the phase transition behaviour of correlation in concurrence bounds, and the discrete contributions of qubits in deducing eigenvalues through conditional entropy metrics. We leverage these insights to devise an entanglement-guided admissible ansatz in QAS to diagonalise random quantum states using optimal resources. Furthermore, the methodologies presented herein offer a generalised framework for constructing reward functions within RL-QAS applicable to variational quantum algorithms.
Strategies for Porcine Liver Valorization as a Source of Food Ingredients
Authors: Saguer Elena , Abril Blanca , Pateiro Mirian , Bermúdez Roberto , Domínguez-Valencia Rubén , Bou Ricard 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
The sustainable consumption and production goal and the decline of offal consumption have led to the interest in seeking alternatives for porcine livers, the largest edible gland. To that aim, we reviewed the potential of porcine livers as a source of food ingredients together with the use of eco-innovative processes and technologies for their valorization.

Recent Findings
It is possible to extract and transform various compounds and fractions into food ingredients with tailored techno-functional properties using eco-innovative strategies involving microbial, enzymatic, physical, and chemical processes. These strategies can also contribute to improving the efficacy of different extraction and transformation processes as well as enhance sensory properties.

Summary
Porcine liver is an interesting source of valuable compounds with multiple food applications and health benefits. Through extraction, processing, and transformation, these compounds can yield versatile food ingredients, thereby optimizing the profitability of this resource for human consumption through alternative presentations and potentially diminishing consumer reluctance compared to the whole liver.

Graphical Abstract
Laboratory study into engineering characteristics of siliciclastic sedimentary sand
Authors: Okewale Ismail Adeniyi , Olanrewaju Ibrahim Olalekan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDiverse applications and tremendous usefulness of siliciclastic sedimentary sands make investigation into their mechanics of behaviour very essential globally. This study examines the convergence or otherwise of the specimens in compression; physical, fabric, chemical and mineralogical characteristics and their relationships with compression behaviour; shape characteristics, possible particle breakage and their overall effect on the behaviour of siliciclastic sedimentary sands obtained from two locations. The findings are as follows; (a) Siliciclastic sedimentary sands are poorly graded and coarse in nature. (b) The fabrics are characterized by aggregation of sub rounded particles and smaller particles tend to combine with fines to form coatings around bigger particles. (c) Chemical compositions are predominantly silica and alumina and heamatite are significant. (d) Quartz dominates the mineralogy and the other minerals are muscovite, albite, orthoclase and chlorite. (e) The samples have convergent behaviour and the compressibility is not significantly different but lower than the related materials. (f) The original particle is sub round in shape and the particles become sub angular after the test with no relationship between particle shape and compression behaviour. (g) The particle breakage is linked to coarser nature of the specimens and the overall effect of particle breakage on the compression behaviour of siliciclastic sedimentary sand is small.
Research Adaptivity in Times of Disruption: Zig-Zagging Your Way through the Field During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Böcü Gözde 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTThis study reflects on the field research interruptions that occurred around the world with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on my experience of in-person and remote fieldwork with vulnerable populations and sensitive research topics during this time, I introduce a “zig-zagging approach” that can be used as a research adaptivity strategy in times of disruption. I argue that “zig-zagging your way through the field” is a legitimate strategy as long as researchers acknowledge that changing from in-person to remote fieldwork (and vice versa) will alter various aspects of their relationship with the field including;(1) perception of positionality and authenticity; (2) processes of trust building and security challenges; and (3) experience of ethnographic immersion and observation. I offer mitigation strategies to reduce the impact of change and also discuss aspects that cannot be mitigated when working with vulnerable populations or sensitive research topics. I conclude on why going back—and forth (i.e., zig-zagging)—should become a practical solution when all else fails.
The 3‐D Density Structure of the Large Shield Volcanic Structure in the Gardner Region Revealed by a New Gravity Inversion
Authors: Chen Bo , Huang Qian , Du Jinsong , Zhang Shiyu , Liu Jianxin , Xu Changyi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe Gardner region is a well‐known shield volcanic complex on the Moon. Its magma origin and formation mechanism are of significant interest but still enigmatic. To reveal the subsurface structure of this volcanic complex, we propose a new 3‐D inversion method of the gravity field based on the regularizations of the L1 norm of the model and its gradients. The model test indicates that our proposed method can recover the density structures with high resolution. Subsequently, we apply it to the Bouguer gravity data in the Gardner region. Our result shows a large, dense body with a volume of about 45 × 45 × 13 km3 centered under the topographic bulge of the Gardner Plateau. We infer that this structure is most likely dense basalts trapped at the crust‐mantle boundary as a sill and acted as the magma reservoir that has fed the volcanic complex in the Gardner area.
Changes in the Plasma Sheet Conditions at Europa's Orbit Retrieved From Lead Angle of the Satellite Auroral Footprints
Authors: Satoh Shinnosuke , Tsuchiya Fuminori , Sakai Shotaro , Kasaba Yasumasa , Nichols Jonathan D. , Kimura Tomoki , Yasuda Rikuto , Hue Vincent 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe electromagnetic interaction between Europa and the plasma sheet in the Jovian magnetosphere generates Alfvén waves, ultimately generating auroral footprints in Jupiter's atmosphere. The position of Europa's auroral footprint is a proxy for travel time of the Alfvén waves. We measured Europa's footprint position using the far‐ultraviolet images of Jupiter obtained by the Hubble Space Telescope in two observing campaigns in 2014 and 2022. The measured footprint position indicates a longer Alfvén travel time in the 2022 campaign. We retrieved the plasma sheet parameters at Europa's orbit from the footprint position by tracing the Alfvén waves launched at Europa and found an increase of both mass density and temperature in the plasma sheet in 2022. The Poynting flux generated at Europa is calculated with the retrieved plasma sheet parameters, which suggests the total energy transfer from Europa to its auroral footprint is similar to the case of Io.
Two Mechanisms Generating Intraplate Volcanism in Southeast Asia: Insights From Mantle Transition Zone Discontinuities
Authors: Shang Zhengtao , Yang Ting , Jiang Ming , Le Ba Manh , Zhou Yong , Chen Yongshun , Morgan Jason P. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDetermining the mechanisms responsible for intraplate volcanism ‐ such as slab devolatilization melting versus active mantle plumes ‐ remains a challenge. The greater South China Sea (SCS) region has experienced extensive intraplate Cenozoic volcanism across areas including Hainan, Southeast Indochina, northern Borneo, the northern SCS, and the post‐spreading SCS basin. The prevalence of volcanism distributed widely across this region prompts fundamental questions about the key geodynamic processes driving such diverse magmatic activities. In this study, we elucidate the mantle transition zone (MTZ) discontinuities in this region using SS precursors, which helps to overcome the sparse seismic coverage due to its predominantly oceanic setting. We collected over 16,000 high‐quality seismograms that sample the upper mantle and MTZ beneath this region from global earthquakes and stations. After correcting for the effects of shallow crustal variations and upper mantle heterogeneity on traveltimes of SS phases and their precursors, we unveil lateral variations in the MTZ boundaries (d410 and d660) and intricate features of the mid‐MTZ reflectors (S520S). Significant MTZ thinning and normal S520S waveforms beneath Hainan provide compelling evidence for mantle upwelling through the MTZ. Conversely, the evident splitting of S520S beneath the northern SCS, Southeast Indochina, and northern Borneo, all characterized by stagnant subducted slabs, indicates that the volcanism in these regions likely originated from a mechanism distinct from the active upwelling beneath Hainan. Dehydration melting attributed to devolatilizing stagnant slabs in the MTZ is a potential cause for Cenozoic volcanism in these regions.
Colchicine-mediated selective autophagic degradation of HBV core proteins inhibits HBV replication and HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma progression
Authors: Zhang Hui , Su Xiameng , Gu Leirong , Tan Ming , Liu Yuting , Xu Kexin , Ren Jihua , Chen Juan , Li Zhihong , Cheng Shengtao 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe HBV core protein (HBc) is an important viral protein of HBV that plays an indispensable role in the lifecycle of HBV, including capsid assembly and transport, reverse transcription and virus release. In recent years, evidence has shown that HBc may be involved in the malignant progression of HCC. Thus, HBc is an attractive target for antiviral agents and provides a new strategy for the treatment of HBV-related HCC. Here, we identified a novel anti‐HBc compound—colchicine, an alkaloid compound—that promoted selective autophagic degradation of HBc through the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 signalling pathway. We further confirmed that colchicine promoted the selective autophagy of HBc by enhancing the binding of HBc to the autophagy receptor p62. Finally, we evaluated the effects of colchicine on HBV replication and HBc-mediated HCC metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Our research indicated that the inhibitory effects of colchicine on HBV and HBV-related HCC depend on the selective autophagic degradation of HBc. Thus, colchicine is not only a promising therapeutic strategy for chronic hepatitis B but also a new treatment for HBV-related HCC.
Light has a principal role in the Arabidopsis transcriptomic response to the spaceflight environment
Authors: Zhou Mingqi , Ferl Robert J. , Paul Anna-Lisa 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe Characterizing Arabidopsis Root Attractions (CARA) spaceflight experiment provides comparative transcriptome analyses of plants grown in both light and dark conditions within the same spaceflight. CARA compared three genotypes of Arabidopsis grown in ambient light and in the dark on board the International Space Station (ISS); Col-0, Ws, and phyD, a phytochrome D mutant in the Col-0 background. In all genotypes, leaves responded to spaceflight with a higher number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) than root tips, and each genotype displayed distinct light / dark transcriptomic patterns that were unique to the spaceflight environment. The Col-0 leaves exhibited a substantial dichotomy, with ten-times as many spaceflight DEGs exhibited in light-grown plants versus dark-grown plants. Although the total number of DEGs in phyD leaves is not very different from Col-0, phyD altered the manner in which light-grown leaves respond to spaceflight, and many genes associated with the physiological adaptation of Col-0 to spaceflight were not represented. This result is in contrast to root tips, where a previous CARA study showed that phyD substantially reduced the number of DEGs. There were few DEGs, but a series of space-altered gene categories, common to genotypes and lighting conditions. This commonality indicates that key spaceflight genes are associated with signal transduction for light, defense, and oxidative stress responses. However, these key signaling pathways enriched from DEGs showed opposite regulatory direction in response to spaceflight under light and dark conditions, suggesting a complex interaction between light as a signal, and light-signaling genes in acclimation to spaceflight.