bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parallel Hash Algorithm Based on Cellular Automata and Stochastic Diffusion Model
Authors: Yang Yijun , Wan Huan , Yan Xiaohu , Zhao Ming , Zeng Jianhua , Li Bin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

The development of a cryptographic hash algorithm is a crucial task due to its numerous practical applications, such as digital signatures, blockchain, and distributed systems. Constructing a novel and efficient hash algorithm that meets the high security requirements is a challenging endeavor. This study introduces a cryptographic parallel hash algorithm based on cellular automata and a stochastic diffusion model, referred to as PCASD. The article delves into the rules of cellular automata, classifies 88 types of equivalent class rules, and utilizes random chaotic rules to generate keys for iterative processes. The stochastic diffusion model optimizes parameters to achieve optimal safety performance indicators. The parallel iteration structure allows for simultaneous execution of different branches, ultimately resulting in a hash value. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed parallel hash algorithm outperforms popular hash functions in terms of randomness, avalanche, information entropy, collision resistance, and efficiency, indicating its practical feasibility.
Defining the Temporal Transcriptomic Landscape of a Viral Pathogen through Nanopore and CAGE sequencing
Authors: Tombácz Dóra , Kakuk Balázs , Torma Gábor , Fülöp Ádám , Dörmő Ákos , Boldogkői Zsolt , Gulyás Gábor , Csabai Zsolt 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

A member of the Varicellovirus genus of herpesviruses, equid alphaherpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) was subjected to timescale profiling in this research. We employed cap analysis gene expression sequencing (CAGE-Seq) on Illumina platform to determine the transcript start sites alongside long-read direct cDNA sequencing (dcDNA-Seq) on Oxford Nanopore Technology platform to detect full-length viral transcripts. Samples were collected at nine distinct stages of the viral lifecycle, with triplicates taken at each stage. We also applied protein synthesis inhibition to determine the immediate-early gene expression of the virus. Analysis of the time-course expression of the viral transcripts using dcDNA-Seq allowed their kinetic categorization. Moreover, the EHV-1 transcriptome was reannotated using CAGE-Seq, long-read dcDNA-Seq, and our previous data obtained from native RNA sequencing.
An experimental test of dispersal limitation of species diversity in eelgrass meadows
Authors: Forbes Coreen , Hessing-Lewis Margot , O’Connor Mary I. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Biogenic habitats, including eelgrass, support productive and diverse species assemblages in spatially heterogeneous seascapes. Eelgrass-associated faunal diversity depends not only on conditions within each eelgrass meadow but also on their probability of dispersing among eelgrass meadows in a seascape in which meadows are separated by soft sediments, kelp or rocky habitats. Experiments are required to establish dispersal limitation in communities. Here, we experimentally tested the hypothesis that dispersal limitation and edge effects influence local faunal diversity in eelgrass meadows. We manipulated habitat spacing and exposure of standardized substrate and quantified invertebrate colonization. We predicted that invertebrate species richness would decline with increasing distance from the meadow edge and that mobility traits would covary with species’ responses to distance. We also predicted that eelgrass edges would harbor communities distinct from the interior of the meadow and that these differences would covary with species’ trophic traits. We found that species richness decreased with increasing distance from meadows and this pattern was not explained by reduced abundance or filtering of species based on traits, consistent with dispersal limitation of diversity. Edges did not affect total community richness or abundance, and the only trait that varied with meadow-position was average body size, which was larger within the meadow interior. These results suggest that even short-distance dispersal limitation can structure the eelgrass invertebrate community but that communities of similar richness, trait profiles and abundance will colonize all available habitat in the absence of dispersal barriers.
Parameter Estimation of Photovoltaic Models Based on Enhancement Moutain Gazelle Optimizer Algorithm
Authors: AbdElminaam Diaa Salama , Alluhaidan Ala Saleh , Elashmawi Walaa H. , Farahat Ibrahim Shawky , Tawil Arar Al , Nabih Sandy Adel , El-Rahman Sahar A. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Accurate parameter estimation in photovoltaic (PV) system design and simulationis essential for optimizing performance. Traditional numerical, analytical,and hybrid methods often fail to deliver quick and precise results. This researchintroduces enhancements to three fundamental PV models (single-diode, doublediode,and three-diode) and employs the Improved Mountain Gazelle Optimizer(i_MGO) algorithm for parameter extraction. The innovative objective functionproposed aids in minimizing the discrepancy between calculated and measuredvalues. Rigorous experimental validation demonstrates that i_MGO outperformsexisting algorithms, achieving optimal parameter values with minimal rootmean square error (RMSE). The experimental findings illustrate that i_MGOperforms better than the following competing algorithms: Improved MountainGazelle Optimizer (i_MGO), Harris Hawks Optimization (HHO), LightningAttachment Procedure, Optimization Algorithm (LAPO), Sine Cosine Algorithm(SCA), Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO), African Vultures Optimization Algorithm(AVOA), Hippopotamus Optimization Algorithm (HO), Electric Eel ForagingOptimization (EEFO), Synergistic Swarm Optimization Algorithm (SSOA),Coati Optimization Algorithm (COA), Gazelle Optimization Algorithm (GOA).This comparison demonstrates that the parameters extracted by i_MGO areoptimal, as the discrepancy between measured and calculated data is minimal.The optimal RMSE values for SDM, DDM, and TDM, as determined bythe proposed i_MGO algorithm, are 0.00081373, 0.00073908, and 0.00092975,correspondingly.
Perspectives of business members on physical and virtual harm reduction services in Canada: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Sedaghat Navid , Dhanoa Avnit , Viste Dylan , Rider Nathan , Rioux William , Seo Boogyung , Ghosh S. Monty 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background: The opioid epidemic has claimed many lives. Harm reduction strategies have been implemented to reduce overdose mortality and improve health outcomes. Supervised consumption sites (SCS) and their virtual counterparts are interventions to reduce overdose harms by enabling prompt response should an individual become unresponsive while using substances. In this study, we sought to explore the business community's perspectives with commercial space near SCS across Canada on these harm reduction strategies and virtual services.
Methods: Twenty-three business owners and staff within 1 kilometre of an SCS were recruited across Canada. Inductive thematic analysis using grounded theory was employed to identify themes.
Results: The top three concerns for businesses close within 100m of an SCS were needles on the ground around their business (66.7%), drug-related garbage near their business (58.3%) and people using substances beside their building (58.3%). Those 100m further away from an SCS were concerned with substance use in the bathrooms and theft (44.4%), as well as human waste on site (22.2%). Six themes were identified: (1) participants believed that diverting individuals from SCS could improve the quality of care given by the SCS; (2) access to bathrooms has been a common source of conflict between people who use substances (PWUS) and business owners and staff; (3) substance use and associated disruptions have been on the rise since the COVID-19 pandemic with increasing substance use-related litter (e.g., needles) around the businesses; (4) many businesses feel compassion fatigue when interacting with PWUS; (5) harm reduction services were positively viewed by most participants, with some expressing concern that they could be enabling drug use; (6) virtual harm reduction services were seen necessary and an additional tool in the toolkit with disadvantages being lack of access to a phone and no immediate help available in case of an overdose.
Conclusion: This study provides important business insights on harm reduction strategies to understand their viewpoint on SCS and virtual services. Furthermore, the study identifies areas for potential improvement in both overdose prevention interventions and identifies improvements. Virtual services have the potential to expand within communities and improve health outcomes.
The effects of physical exercise on college students' anxiety: mediation of body esteem and moderation by gender
Authors: Huang Weijun , Liang Yuxi , Zhang Junliang , Deng Yixuan , Liu Luhuan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective
This study investigated how physical exercise impacts anxiety levels in college students, with a particular emphasis on physical self-esteem as a mediating factor and gender as a moderating factor.
Methods
Data were collected from 1044 Chinese college students in a specific region using the Physical Activity Scale, Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, and Physical Self-Esteem Scale.
Results
(1)A significant inverse correlation was found between physical exercise levels and anxiety among college students.(2) Physical self-esteem served as a mediator in the relationship between physical exercise and anxiety levels, indicating that increased physical exercise enhances physical self-esteem, which in turn reduces anxiety levels. (3) Gender moderated the relationship between physical exercise and anxiety levels, with physical exercise being a stronger predictor of reduced anxiety in female college students than in male college students.
Conclusion
This research model offers a theoretical foundation for preventing and intervening in college students' anxiety and holds practical significance for improving their mental health.
Syntax comprehension in Persian-speaking students with ADHD
Authors: Massoodi Armon , Ahmadi Akram , Haghjou Hanieh , Larimian Marjan , Mazandarani Mohammadhasan , Nikbakht Hossein-Ali , Pascoe Michelle , Ahmadzadeh Saba , Koohestani Faezeh 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

The research aimed to compare syntactic comprehension in children (aged 7–10 years) with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and typically-developing (TD) children. The Persian Syntax Comprehension Test (PSCT) was administered to 70 children diagnosed with ADHD and 70 typically-developing children. Syntactic items measured by this scale were graded in terms of complexity and results were compared for the two groups. A statistically significant difference between the two groups was found when comparing PSCT scores as well as its components including simple, moderate, and complex structures (p < 0.001). Among the obtained effect size values, the highest value was for the difference between TD and ADHD children for the complex syntactic structures (SMD = 0.72, 95% CI (0.38–1.06)). In terms of the item-by-item analysis, TD children performed significantly better on more than half of the items of the PSCT than children with ADHD. Persian-speaking children with typical development in the age range 7–10 years outperformed children with ADHD on syntax comprehension. The most significant difference between two groups was in the complex syntactic structures.
Clinical analysis of Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia secondary to novel coronavirus infection：a case series
Authors: Wang Shayan , Chen Yanfan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background:
Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PJP) is one of the common opportunistic infectious diseases of thelungs in immunosuppressed populations. With the global epidemic of the Delta variant of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), it has been found that patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia can have concurrent or subsequent co-infection with Pneumocystis jiroveci. The purpose of this paper was to investigate the clinical characteristics and diagnosis and treatment of patients with Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PJP) secondary to novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection.
Methods: Clinical data of 14 patients with Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia secondary to novel coronavirus infection diagnosed in the First Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from September 2022 to May 2023 were collected, and their general conditions, laboratory tests, imaging data, and treatments and regressions were analyzed.
Result: Secondary PJP occurs more often in patients with severe novel coronavirus infection with immunocompromised patients and manifests itself as dyspnea and a significant decrease in arterial oxygen saturation higher than that of the average COVID-19 patients. Laboratory tests suggest a decrease in lymphocyte subset counts, absolute CD4+ T-cell counts, and elevated differential partial pressure of alveolar arterial blood oxygen, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and serum (1,3)-β-D-glucan (BDG). Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing (mNGS) combined with serum (1,3)-β-D-glucan (BDG) has a higher sensitivity for screening PJP. On chest imaging, it is mostly characterized by the crescent sign, pleural effusion, and enlarged hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes.
Conclusions:
It is difficult to identify PJP in the early stage of COVID-19 infection, and the combination of respiratory symptoms with BDG, mNGS and imaging examination is of great value for the early diagnosis of PJP. SMZCO and respiratory support are the most important treatments.
The causal relationship between sleep characteristics and skin pigmentation abnormalities based on two-sample Mendelian randomization
Authors: Liu Yang , Pu Yun , Kang Qiao , Zhao Qing , Chen Xinming , Liao Feng wan , He Yunsheng , Zhao Pingwu 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective To study whether there is a causal association between sleep characteristics and abnormalities of skin pigmentation (Skin pigmentation).
Methods Two-sample Mendelian randomization method (MR) using published genome-wide association studies to obtain related exposure factors (SNPs) of sleep characteristics (sleep type, sleep duration) as instrumental variables, MR-gger, weighted median, inverse variance weighted (IVW) random effect model to study the causal effect of sleep characteristics on the risk of skin pigmentation, and MR-Egger sensitivity analysis to verify the reliability of the data.
Results: There is a causal relationship between sleep type and abnormal skin pigmentation, different from intermediate type, with obvious preference characteristics: early go to bed, early or late onset will significantly increase the risk of skin pigmentation as a risk factor for skin pigmentation. [IVW random effect model: OR = 1.026,95%CI (1.011,1.041), P =0.001, P <0.05]. However, there was no causal relationship between skin pigmentation and sleep duration.
Conclusion: Sleep time type (early / late) may increase the incidence of skin pigmentation, with sleep type (early / late) and skin pigmentation.
Preparation of hard carbon from acid-treated biomass locust wood as anode material for sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Huo Junjie , Li Chuanyang , Xia Peng , Fan Na , Mao Wutao , Bao keyan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Currently, sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are favored by scientific researchers because of their abundance, low cost, and high safety. Furthermore, hard carbon has a low voltage plateau and a high sodium storage capacity when used as the anode material in SIBs. Given its affordability and variety of sources, biomass hard carbon has gained interest. Whereas, the low initial coulombic efficiency (ICE) of biomass hard carbon significantly hinders its development. Therefore, waste biomass locust wood was utilized to produce hard carbon at various carbonization temperatures. The appropriate carbonization temperature was selected for precursor modification using 6 M HCL, to look into how acid treatment affects the microstructure of carbon materials and how that affects their electrochemical characteristics.
The experimental results proved that the HCL pretreated hard carbon could increase the carbon layer spacing, increase more surface active sites that favor Na+ storage and decrease the specific surface area. HC-1500 and HHC-1500 possessed a first lap charge specific capacity of 319.6 mAh/g and 382.3 mAh/g, respectively, with an increase in the ICE from 62% to 67%, and also had a significant improvement in the cycling performance. Therefore, treating waste biomass with hydrochloric acid is a direct and effective method to modify hard carbon and improve the electrochemical performance of it.
Factors associated with insecticide-treated mosquito nets utilization for malaria prevention in Burkina Faso: finding from cross-sectional household survey
Authors: Badolo Hermann , Hien Hervé , Hien S. Aristide , Somda M.A. Serge , Bazié Herman , Bacyé Yisso Fidèle , Diallo Cheick Omar , Tiono Alfred , Guira Matilibou , Meda Nicolas 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction: The World Health Organization recommends insecticide-treated mosquito nets (ITNs) as one of the main interventions to control malaria spread. The leading driver of this intervention is use of ITN; however, socio-demographic characteristics factors, access and possession of ITN could also influence its usage. Therefore, the present study aimed to document the factors associated with using ITNs to eliminate malaria in Burkina Faso. This study's findings would be useful to the National Malaria Control Programme and other stakeholders engaged in the promotion of ITNs to fight malaria cases. Methods: Data were collected from a quasi-experimental cross-sectional study in Burkina Faso. An analytical approach including a descriptive and an explanatory component was used. For the descriptive aspect of the analysis, possession, access, and use of ITNs were described. The factors associated with ITN use were assessed using univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analyses, with the level of significance at 5%. The data were analyzed using Stata 16.1 software. Results: The results of the saturated model showed that the type of textile of the IBD (polyester: odds ratio (OR) = 1.23; 95% confidence interval (CI) [1.13, 1.33]) and age of the IBD (6–11 months, OR = 0.91, 95% CI [0.83, 0.997]; ≥ 12 months OR = 0.52, 95% CI [0.401, 0.675]) are influential factors for the use of ITNs. On the other hand, the level of ITN possession (excessive ITNs; OR = 0.66; 95% CI [0.597, 0.74]) and the household poverty quintile showed a positive correlation with the use of ITNs (mean OR = 0.791, 95% CI [0.694, 0.902]; rich OR = 0.656, 95% CI [0.573, 0.751], and very rich OR, = 0.557, 95% CI [0.484,0.641]). Conclusion: There is a strong association between ITN use, type of textile, age of ITNs and number of ITNs in possession. Strengthening health education on the benefits and importance of ITN use will improve the appropriate use of ITNs among the population of Burkina Faso.
The scent of an archaic wreck: minimally invasive characterization of archaeological finds
Authors: Rizzo Emanuela , Morelli Marco , Melchiorre Chiara , Naso Alessandro , Amoresano Angela , Carpentieri Andrea 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

The chemical characterisation of archaeological finds necessitates a continuous focus on the development of nano/micro invasive methodologies. These methodologies yield insights into the historical background, production processes, and conservation state of the items, often revealing astonishing properties of materials that have been unexpectedly preserved over the centuries. This work aims to characterise the molecular composition of a putative historical resin recovered during an archaeological excavation in Campese Bay off the island of Giglio in the 1980s. The resin was sampled from a trade amphora used for wine transport; it was likely employed as a coating to ensure better waterproofing of the containers. The characterisation was performed by detecting specific molecular markers using a GC-MS direct injection approach. Additionally, we investigated the volatile fraction of the same sample through Solid-Phase Microextraction (SPME) coupled with GC-MS to address the need for a fast, solvent-free, and field-compatible sample preparation method.
Estimation of genetic parameters in hybrid and F2 generations of aromatic fine rice
Authors: Tare Abu Musa Md Main Uddin , Hassan Lutful , Habib Muhammad Ashraful , Nayak Swati , Robin Arif Hasan Khan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

The present study was designed to analyze genetic parameters, heterosis, and inbreeding depression in F1 and F2 generations obtained from a crossing between fine and aromatic rice genotypes - Kataribhog and BRRI dhan50. A significant amount of variation was found from the analysis of variance among the genotypes of F1, F2, and their parents. Grain yield plant-1 showed a significant positive correlation with the number of tillers hill-1, number of effective tillers hill-1, flagleaf length, panicle length, grains panicle-1, filled grains panicle-1, and grain yield panicle-1. For all the traits of F1 and F2, the phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was greater than the corresponding genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV), suggesting an influence of environment on the expression of these traits. Furthermore, high heritability along with high genetic advance in the percentage of the mean (GAM) was observed for all the traits studied except days to first flowering and plant height in F1 and for grains panicle-1, filled grains panicle-1, grain yield panicle-1, and grain yield plant-1 in F2 generations which is an indication of additive gene control and selection for improvement could be effective. Both the cross and reciprocal cross had significant positive heterosis with subsequent inbreeding depression predominantly in the number of tillers hill-1, grains panicle‑1, filled grains panicle-1, grain yield panicle-1, and grain yield plant-1, excluding days to first flowering suggested the scope for exploitation of heterosis. Seed materials from F2 generatios can be used to obtain advanced segregating generations for developing a high-yielding aromatic rice variety.
Iridium(III)-catalyzed remote B(9)−H alkylation of o-carboranes with nitrile template
Authors: Lee Phil Ho , Lee Kyungsup , Kim Jiwon , Yang Bora , Kim Dongwook 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Although the directing group assisted ortho-B − H activation reactions of o-carboranes have been well established during the past decade, the meta-B − H activation reactions are unexplored so far. Herein, iridium(III)-catalyzed remote B(9) − H alkylation reactions of o-carboranes with nitrile template have been demonstrated for the first time. It was revealed that fine tuning of the template structures is essential for high reaction efficiency and regioselectivity. This alkylation process exhibits a broad substrate scope with good functional group tolerance under simple reaction conditions. The nitrile template, readily accessible from o-carborane acids, can be removed conveniently after completion of the reaction. The present method provides a powerful synthetic route to complex o-carborane derivatives, demonstrating successful larger scale alkylation and further molecular transformations of the B(9)-alkylated products.