bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Natural Products from Herbal Medicine Self‐Assemble into Advanced Bioactive Materials
Authors: Guo Xiaohang , Luo Weikang , Wu Lingyu , Zhang Lianglin , Chen Yuxuan , Li Teng , Li Haigang , Zhang Wei , Liu Yawei , Zheng Jun , Wang Yang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNovel biomaterials are becoming more crucial in treating human diseases. However, many materials require complex artificial modifications and synthesis, leading to potential difficulties in preparation, side effects, and clinical translation. Recently, significant progress has been achieved in terms of direct self‐assembly of natural products from herbal medicine (NPHM), an important source for novel medications, resulting in a wide range of bioactive supramolecular materials including gels, and nanoparticles. The NPHM‐based supramolecular bioactive materials are produced from renewable resources, are simple to prepare, and have demonstrated multi‐functionality including slow‐release, smart‐responsive release, and especially possess powerful biological effects to treat various diseases. In this review, NPHM‐based supramolecular bioactive materials have been revealed as an emerging, revolutionary, and promising strategy. The development, advantages, and limitations of NPHM, as well as the advantageous position of NPHM‐based materials, are first reviewed. Subsequently, a systematic and comprehensive analysis of the self‐assembly strategies specific to seven major classes of NPHM is highlighted. Insights into the influence of NPHM structural features on the formation of supramolecular materials are also provided. Finally, the drivers and preparations are summarized, emphasizing the biomedical applications, future scientific challenges, and opportunities, with the hope of igniting inspiration for future research and applications.
δ‐Conotoxin Structure Prediction and Analysis through Large‐Scale Comparative and Deep Learning Modeling Approaches
Authors: McCarthy Stephen , Gonen Shane 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe δ‐conotoxins, a class of peptides produced in the venom of cone snails, are of interest due to their ability to inhibit the inactivation of voltage‐gated sodium channels causing paralysis and other neurological responses, but difficulties in their isolation and synthesis have made structural characterization challenging. Taking advantage of recent breakthroughs in computational algorithms for structure prediction that have made modeling especially useful when experimental data is sparse, this work uses both the deep‐learning‐based algorithm AlphaFold and comparative modeling method RosettaCM to model and analyze 18 previously uncharacterized δ‐conotoxins derived from piscivorous, vermivorous, and molluscivorous cone snails. The models provide useful insights into the structural aspects of these peptides and suggest features likely to be significant in influencing their binding and different pharmacological activities against their targets, with implications for drug development. Additionally, the described protocol provides a roadmap for the modeling of similar disulfide‐rich peptides by these complementary methods.
Co‐Regulating Solvation Structure and Hydrogen Bond Network via Bio‐Inspired Additive for Highly Reversible Zinc Anode
Authors: Zhang Sida , Gou Qianzhi , Chen Weigen , Luo Haoran , Yuan Ruduan , Wang Kaixin , Hu Kaida , Wang Ziyi , Wang Changding , Liu Ruiqi , Zhang Zhixian , Lei Yu , Zheng Yujie , Wang Lei , Wan Fu , Li Baoyu , Li Meng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe feasibility of aqueous zinc‐ion batteries for large‐scale energy storage is hindered by the inherent challenges of Zn anode. Drawing inspiration from cellular mechanisms governing metal ion and nutrient transport, erythritol is introduced, a zincophilic additive, into the ZnSO4 electrolyte. This innovation stabilizes the Zn anode via chelation interactions between polysaccharides and Zn2+. Experimental tests in conjunction with theoretical calculation results verified that the erythritol additive can simultaneously regulate the solvation structure of hydrated Zn2+ and reconstruct the hydrogen bond network within the solution environment. Additionally, erythritol molecules preferentially adsorb onto the Zn anode, forming a dynamic protective layer. These modifications significantly mitigate undesirable side reactions, thus enhancing the Zn2+ transport and deposition behavior. Consequently, there is a notable increase in cumulative capacity, reaching 6000 mA h cm⁻2 at a current density of 5 mA cm−2. Specifically, a high average coulombic efficiency of 99.72% and long cycling stability of >500 cycles are obtained at 2 mA cm−2 and 1 mA h cm−2. Furthermore, full batteries comprised of MnO2 cathode and Zn anode in an erythritol‐containing electrolyte deliver superior capacity retention. This work provides a strategy to promote the performance of Zn anodes toward practical applications.
Prediction of Room‐Temperature Superconductivity in Quasi‐Atomic H2‐Type Hydrides at High Pressure
Authors: Jiang Qiwen , Duan Defang , Song Hao , Zhang Zihan , Huo Zihao , Jiang Shuqing , Cui Tian , Yao Yansun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAchieving superconductivity at room temperature (RT) is a holy grail in physics. Recent discoveries on high‐Tcsuperconductivity in binary hydrides H3S and LaH10at high pressure have directed the search for RT superconductors to compress hydrides with conventional electron–phonon mechanisms. Here, an exceptional family of superhydrides is predicated under high pressures,MH12(M= Mg, Sc, Zr, Hf, Lu), all exhibiting RT superconductivity with calculatedTcsranging from 313 to 398 K. In contrast to H3S and LaH10, the hydrogen sublattice inMH12is arranged as quasi‐atomic H2units. This unique configuration is closely associated with highTc, attributed to the high electronic density of states derived from H2antibonding states at the Fermi level and the strong electron–phonon coupling related to the bending vibration of H2and H‐M‐H. Notably, MgH12and ScH12remain dynamically stable even at pressure below 100 GPa. The findings offer crucial insights into achieving RT superconductivity and pave the way for innovative directions in experimental research.
Biomimetic Nanosystem Loading Aggregation‐Induced Emission Luminogens and SO2 Prodrug for Inhibiting Insufficient Photothermal Therapy‐Induced Breast Cancer Recurrence and Metastasis
Authors: Zhang Ni , Ping Wei , Suo Meng , Zhang Zeyuan , Zhang Wenhai , Zhang Tianfu , Ning Shipeng , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPhotothermal therapy (PTT) holds considerable clinical promise. However, insufficient PTT‐induced tumor recurrence and metastasis is an urgent practical problem that needs to be solved. Herein, a biomimetic mesoporous organosilicon nano‐system called PSAB is designed to precisely deplete cancer stem cells (CSCs) and prevent tumor recurrence and metastasis after PTT. The PSAB system is made up of Aggregation‐induced emission (AIE)‐active photothermal agent, 2TT‐oC26B, and SO2 prodrug, benzothiazole sulfinate (BTS), within mesoporous organosilicon nanoparticles (MON) enclosed by an exterior platelet membrane. PSAB effectively targets CSCs both in vitro and in vivo by P‐selectin/CD44 interaction. The degradation of MON and subsequent release of BTS and AIE molecules are facilitated by intracellular glutathione (GSH). Subsequently, the acidic tumor environment triggers the SO2 gas therapy from BTS. This process leads to the depletion of GSH and CSCs elimination. After combining PSAB with photothermal therapy, there is no significant tumor recurrence or metastasis. These results indicate that SO2 gas therapy and AIE‐mediated PTT act synergistically to offer a unique approach for preventing tumor recurrence and metastasis after PTT, thus holding significant promise for clinical applications in cancer PTT.
The past, present and future developments in mariculture in the coastal waters of mainland Tanzania
Authors: Lukwambe Betina , Bwathondi Philip 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMarine coastal resources are crucial to Tanzania's socio‐economic development and are a lifeline for the livelihoods and incomes of coastal communities. This study provides an overview of the coastal development of mariculture in mainland Tanzania and suggests future development strategies. The review article covers extensive reports available through field interviews, government policy documents, library literature searches and field work carried out by the authors. Despite the immense potential of mariculture to improve food security for localcommunities, its development has been uneven. Specifically only seaweed farming has advanced to commercial‐scale production. Other mariculture activities, such as finfish farming (e.g. milkfish, silver pompano), shellfish farming (e.g. prawn, mud crab and half‐pearl) and sea cucumber farming, are underdeveloped and confined to small‐scale operations. Locally consumed finfish, such as milkfish and pompano, have not attracted investors out of fear that the recovery of investment may not be achieved due to the low prices offered in the market. In this context, the sustainable use of coastal resources through mariculture becomes paramount to alleviating poverty and facilitating controlled migration from rural to urban. This comprehensive review explores the historical evolution and current status of mariculture initiatives in the coastal waters of mainland Tanzania, which presents a crucial aspect of the socio‐economic development of the nation. With declining global capture fisheries production and a growing demand for fish protein, Tanzania has strategically embraced mariculture as a viable alternative. The article traced the development of mariculture since the 1970s, highlighting past and current initiatives managed by government agencies, non‐government organizations and the private sector. Notable successes, such as seaweed culture, are highlighted along with the challenges that hinder the growth of marine farming activities. The review integrates insights from a comprehensive survey in coastal Tanzania, focusing on mariculture activities and collecting information on people who have stopped such practices, elucidating reasons for quitting. By consolidating experiences from past and present mariculture initiatives, this review provides valuable guidance for decision‐making towards promoting sustainable mariculture that supports coastal communities while preserving marine biodiversity.
Genotype by environment interactions and stability for grain yield and other agronomic traits in selected sorghum genotypes in Ethiopia
Authors: Birhanu Chemeda , Mekbib Firew , Lule Dagnachew , Bekeko Zelalem , Girma Gezahegn , Tirfessa Alemu , Ayana Getachew , Nida Habte , Mengiste Tesfaye 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEnvironmental changes pose major impacts on the performance of crop genotypes with important implications for crop improvement strategies. Hence, breeders pay attention to the effects of genotype by environment interaction (GEI) to mine genetic resources and select adapted genotypes. Twenty sorghum genotypes selected from a large collection of Ethiopian sorghum landraces and two improved varieties were evaluated using a randomized complete block design with three replications at eight locations representing different environmental conditions in Ethiopia. The study aimed at assessing GEI and identifying stable and high‐yielding genotypes of sorghum for grain yield and major agronomic traits. Analysis of variance and additive main effect and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) revealed highly significant (p ≤ 0.001) variance due to genotypes, environments, and GEI among all traits except for days to maturity. Plant height, days to maturity, panicle width, panicle weight, and grain yield were highly affected by environment and GEI, while days to flowering, panicle length, and 1000‐grain weight were mainly affected by genotypic variations. The data also suggest the importance of considering GEI in screening for high‐yielding and stable sorghum genotypes across environments. Among testing sites, Chawaka, Gute, and Uke were ideal environments for grain yield and Asosa was the most discriminative environment. Three genotypes (ETSL100808, Merera, and ETSL100474) were superior and stable across test environments for grain yield and related traits. Overall, based on mean grain yield and disease reaction, AMMI, GGE (genotype and genotype by environment interaction) biplot, and regression models, ETSL100808 was the most stable, high‐yielding, and disease‐tolerant sorghum genotype, suggesting its potential both in breeding program, as donor of traits, and for direct release as a variety.
Herbage accumulation and nutritive value of new bermudagrass accessions and cultivars
Authors: García Carlos Cristobal Vela , Dubeux José Carlos Batista , Vendramini João Mauricio Bueno , Rios Esteban Fernando , Santos Erick Rodrigo da Silva , Jaramillo David Mirabedini , Queiroz Luana Mayara Dantas , Souza Rayanne Thalita Almeida de , Homem Bruno Grossi Costa , Ruiz‐Moreno Martin , Longhini Vanessa Zirondi , van Cleef Flávia Oliveira Scarpino , Santos Mércia Virginia Ferreira dos 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] is an important forage source for ruminants in tropical and subtropical regions of the world; nevertheless, little is known about the productive and nutritional characteristics of new accessions and cultivars originating from breeding programs. Five bermudagrass cultivars (Tifton 85, Jiggs, Florida 44, Callie, and Newell) and five accessions (276, 282, 323, 286, and Missouri) were tested during the 2018 and 2019 growing seasons. Genotype × harvest interactions were detected for herbage accumulation (HA), crude protein (CP), and nitrogen yield (p < 0.05). In June, all bermudagrass genotypes showed significant variation in HA, with accession 286 being more productive than Jiggs (4.42 vs. 3.24 Mg DM ha−1 harvest−1, respectively, where DM is dry matter). In October, however, accession 323 had greater CP than Callie, accession 286, Newell, and Tifton 85, with average CP values of 155, 128, 136, and 137 g kg−1 DM, respectively. Average in vitro digestible organic matter for accession 323 (450 g kg−1 DM) was similar to that of Tifton 85 and Newell but greater than that of Missouri (393 g kg−1 DM). Genotypes displayed unique responses to all traits across harvest dates. According to the principal component analysis, the accession Missouri exhibited low productive and nutritive value properties. The accession 286 showed greater CP concentration while still productive; thus, this accession will be further examined for future release to livestock or hay producers in subtropical regions worldwide.
Can manure application method and timing with cover crops reduce NH3 and N2O gas losses and sustain corn yield?
Authors: Sigdel Sailesh , Dell Curtis J. , Karsten Heather D. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAmmonia (NH3) loss following manure application is an environmental concern and N loss for crop production. Manure injection typically reduces NH3 loss compared to surface application without incorporation but increases emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O), which is a potent greenhouse gas. Synchronizing manure in spring with cover crop (CC) growth may increase N recovery and reduce N2O emissions compared to applying manure later in the absence of growing crops. We compared the two following manure application methods: shallow‐disk injection (IM) or surface banding without incorporation (BM) to annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) CC at two times: early spring on growing CC (EARLY) and late spring on terminated CC (LATE). The randomized split‐plot block experiment was conducted at Rock Springs, PA, during 2021–2022. After manure application, we measured NH3 for 72 h and N2O throughout the growing season. Aboveground CC biomass, N, and C:N ratio; pre‐sidedress soil nitrate; corn (Zea mays L.) stalk nitrate; and silage yield were assessed. Averaged across application times, compared to BM, IM reduced cumulative NH3 loss, increased soil N, and resulted in 13% greater corn yield but increased yield‐scaled N2O. Compared to BM LATE, BM EARLY reduced NH3 loss by 43%, increased CC N, reduced N2O emission by 50%, but decreased corn yield by 11%. When IM was EARLY compared to LATE, CC N increased 84%, cumulative N2O loss decreased 55%, and corn yield was similar. Injecting manure to growing CCs offers a strategy for reducing detrimental NH3 and N2O emissions and maintaining corn yield.
An efficient subsampling method for estimating corn root characteristics with scanner‐based image analysis
Authors: Ampong Kwame , Penn Chad , Camberato James , Williams Mark 
Published: July 2024

AbstractQuantifying root length, surface area, average diameter, and volume of fully‐matured corn (Zea mays L.) is labor intensive, time consuming, and costly. Accurate and efficient subsampling techniques are needed to overcome these limitations. In this study, eight corn root systems were grown to maturity in a sand‐culture hydroponics system to develop and test root system subsampling techniques for accuracy (uncertainty assessment) and efficiency (time). Each entire root system was separated into coarse and fine roots, which were then composited into 65 subsamples, either visually or by mass, followed by subsample scanning to quantify root characteristics. A bootstrap non‐parametric procedure was used to determine the sample size needed to represent the total root system and quantify uncertainty based on the number of subsamples analyzed. When subsamples were composited visually, as many as 60 subsamples (92% of the total root system) were necessary to represent the characteristics of the root system within ±5% of the true mean at a 95% confidence level. In contrast, when subsamples were composited by equal mass, a maximum of 15 subsamples (23% of the total root system) were needed to be representative, requiring 2 h and 15 min per root system. The findings show that separating the entire root system by coarse and fine roots and then weighing into equal mass subsamples before scanning decreased the number of subsamples and time required to accurately estimate corn root characteristics. Thus, this subsampling approach considerably reduced the effort and cost of processing corn root systems.
Cryptocurrencies: Who is vulnerable and what are the vulnerabilities?
Authors: Blue Levon , Xing Congcong , Pham Thu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAustralians are embracing new forms of digital finance products and services, which includes purchasing cryptocurrencies and non‐fungible tokens (NFTs). There has been an increase in investment scams associated with cryptocurrencies. In this article, we sought to understand from cryptocurrency and NFT investors, who is vulnerable and what vulnerabilities exist. We surveyed 745 Australians aged 18 and over who have purchased cryptocurrencies or NFTs. We used sociological perspectives of consumer vulnerability that focus on internal and external factors to analyse our findings. We found that both socioeconomic advantaged and disadvantaged Australians are vulnerable. The vulnerabilities include concerns over security, unsolicited advice, limited options for learning, and insufficient financial and IT literacy. The findings suggest that online financial education is needed from trusted independent sources to help combat scams and to keep Australians and their crypto assets safe. We recommend that more opportunities to educate individuals about alternative forms of financial products are offered in compulsory, vocational and higher education settings.
New Embedded Wormhole Solutions in Ricci Inverse Gravity
Authors: Mustafa Ghulam , Javed Faisal , Maurya Sunil Kumar , Errehymy Abdelghani 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this work, two new embedded WH solutions are obtained by using the Class‐I approach in the background of newly fourth‐order Ricci inverse gravity. It is shown that the combination of these newly calculated shape functions and Ricci inverse gravity provides us with the possibility of obtaining traversable wormholes. All the required wormhole properties are discussed, along with flaring out and flatness conditions. The embedded diagrams within the scope of upper and lower universes are provided under the effect of both newly calculated embedded shape functions. All the energy conditions are explored with valid and negative regions. The presence of exotic matter is confirmed due to the negative region in all the energy conditions, specifically in the null energy condition. The Doppler effect through the red‐blue shifts function is also discussed. Several key findings from the current research are described that demonstrate the validity of these wormhole solutions in Ricci inverse gravity.
Exploring the contribution of the salivary gland and midgut to digestion in the swede midge (Contarinia nasturtii) through a genomics‐guided approach
Authors: Mori Boyd A. , Coutu Cathy , Erlandson Martin A. , Hegedus Dwayne D. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe larvae of Contarinia nasturtii (Kieffer) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), the swede midge, targets the meristem of brassica crops where they induce the formation of galls and disrupt seed and vegetable production. Previously, we examined the salivary gland transcriptome of newly‐hatched first instar larvae as they penetrated the host and initiated gall formation. Here we examine the salivary gland and midgut transcriptome of third instar larvae and provide evidence for cooperative nutrient acquisition beginning with secretion of enzymes and feeding facilitators followed by gastrointestinal digestion. Sucrose, presumably obtained from the phloem, appeared to be a major nutrient source as several α‐glucosidases (sucrases, maltases) and β‐fructofuranosidases (invertases) were identified. Genes encoding β‐fructofuranosidases/invertases were among the most highly expressed in both tissues and represented two distinct gene families that may have originated via horizontal gene transfer from bacteria. The importance of the phloem as a nutrient source is underscored by the expression of genes encoding regucalcin and ARMET (arginine‐rich mutated in early stages of tumor) which interfere with calcium signalling and prevent sieve tube occlusion. Lipids, proteins, and starch appear to serve as a secondary nutrient sources. Genes encoding enzymes involved in the detoxification of glucosinolates (myrosinases, arylsulfatases, and glutathione‐S‐transferases) were expressed indicative of Brassicaceae host specialization. The midgut expressed simple peritrophins and mucins typical of those found in Type II peritrophic matrices, the first such description for a gall midge.
Nature in Seclusion. The Monastic Republic of Letters in Southern Germany**
Authors: Bloemer Julia 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMonasteries were famous for their extensive libraries and richly decorated churches. Less well known are their observatories and their mathematical‐physical collections with telescopes, air pumps, and friction machines. But how did the way of life in the monastery and scientific practices influence each other? This paper examines the interaction of scientific practices and religious way of life using the example of southern German monasteries in the second half of the eighteenth century. It shows how the monks pragmatically linked monastic life and research practice, thereby forming their own specific scientific culture. This closes an important gap in the understanding of scholarship in the eighteenth century by foregrounding the monasteries as places of knowledge production, which have so far received little attention alongside universities and academies.