bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three Cheers for the Token Woman!
Authors: Gheaus Anca 
Published: August 2014

AbstractConcerns about the under‐representation of female academic philosophers and about the stereotype that philosophy is best done by men have recently led to efforts to make academic philosophy a more inclusive discipline. An example is the Gendered Conference Campaign, encouraging event organisers and volume editors to include women amongst invited speakers and authors.Initiatives such as the GCC raise worries about tokenism. Potential invitees may be concerned about unfairness towards whose who would have been invited in their place in the absence of affirmative action and about the way in which affirmative action can (be perceived to) affect the quality of the conference or volume in question. And women philosophers often worry that, if formal rules or significant social pressures towards gender inclusiveness play a role in selection processes, their achievements will be discounted.I argue there is no good reason for these fears: there is no pure meritocracy in academia, nor is the ideal of pure meritocracy either feasible or desirable. There are several legitimate grounds — independent of professional competence — for including people in positions of visibility and prestige; gender is such a legitimate reason.
Supportive post‐implant therapy: patient compliance rates and impacting factors: 3‐year follow‐up
Authors: Frisch Eberhard , Ziebolz Dirk , Vach Kirstin , Ratka‐Krüger Petra 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAimTo evaluate patient compliance rates and influential factors regarding a systematic SIT program.Materials and methodsBetween 2005 and 2008, we identified all patients who were provided with implant‐supported restorations in the study centre. They had been recommended to attend a SIT program with a 3‐month recall. In 2012, a clinical retrospective cohort study on compliance rates over the first 3 years was performed different data were assessed in a regression analysis to identify potential influential factors.ResultsThe inclusion criteria were met by 236 patients with 540 implants. Non‐compliance rates increased over the 3 years (5.37%/7.78%/13.33%). Total non‐compliance was observed in four patients (1.69%). No correlation to patient compliance was detected for “Age,” “Gender,” “Cardiovascular disease,” “Pus/suppuration,” or “Surgical case complexity.” No decreasing effect of higher compliance rates on the patients’ bleeding on probing (BOP+) values was found, but a statistical significance between lower compliance rates and increased pocket probing depth (PPD) was detected. The correlation between the presence of plaque and compliance did not reach statistical significance.ConclusionsWhen patients with implant‐supported restorations are strongly recommended to comply with a SIT program with a 3‐month recall, considerably high rates of compliance can be achieved.
Combination of LED light and platelet‐derived growth factor to accelerate dentoalveolar osteogenesis
Authors: Chang Po‐Chun , Wang Chen‐Ying , Sheng‐Chueh Tsai 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAimThis study aimed to evaluate the adjunctive effect of LED light in platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF)‐aided dentoalveolar osteogenesis.Material and MethodsFull‐thickness osseous wounds were created on rat maxillae and were either unfilled or filled with poly‐(D,L‐lactide) and poly‐(D,L‐lactide‐co‐glycolide) microspheres encapsulating PDGF. Animals received daily 660 ± 25 nm LED light irradiation at 0, 10 (LD), or 20 (HD) J/cm2, were killed at days 4–28 (n = 6/group/time) and evaluated by microcomputed tomography (micro‐CT), histology, and the expressions of osteopontin and tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP).ResultsGreater osteogenesis was noted in the PDGF‐treated defects at day 14. Under the LED light irradiation, osteogenesis was significantly greater in both LD and HD groups of the non‐PDGF‐treated defects, but only in the LD group of the PDGF‐treated defects. No significant differences in osteogenesis among groups were noted at day 28. Greater bone marrow space was noted in the LED light‐irradiated specimens, especially in the PDGF‐treated defects at both time points. Osteopontin was significantly promoted in the LD group at both time points, and TRAP was significantly promoted in all LED light‐irradiated groups at day 28.ConclusionLED light could an adjunct to promote early PDGF‐aided dentoalveolar osteogenesis by facilitating the osteoblast–osteoclast coupling.
Microbial signature profiles of periodontally healthy and diseased patients
Authors: Lourenço Talita Gomes Baêta , Heller Débora , Silva‐Boghossian Carina Maciel , Cotton Sean L. , Paster Bruce J. , Colombo Ana Paula Vieira 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAimTo determine microbial profiles that discriminate periodontal health from different forms of periodontal diseases.MethodsSubgingival biofilm was obtained from patients with periodontal health (27), gingivitis (11), chronic periodontitis (35) and aggressive periodontitis (24), and analysed for the presence of >250 species/phylotypes using HOMIM. Microbial differences among groups were examined by Mann–Whitney U‐test. Regression analyses were performed to determine microbial risk indicators of disease.ResultsPutative and potential new periodontal pathogens were more prevalent in subjects with periodontal diseases than periodontal health. Detection of Porphyromonas endodontalis/Porphyromonas spp. (OR 9.5 [1.2–73.1]) and Tannerella forsythia (OR 38.2 [3.2–450.6]), and absence of Neisseria polysaccharea (OR 0.004 [0–0.15]) and Prevotella denticola (OR 0.014 [0–0.49], p < 0.05) were risk indicators of periodontal disease. Presence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (OR 29.4 [3.4–176.5]), Cardiobacterium hominis (OR 14.9 [2.3–98.7]), Peptostreptococcaceae sp. (OR 35.9 [2.7–483.9]), P. alactolyticus (OR 31.3 [2.1–477.2]), and absence of Fretibacterium spp. (OR 0.024 [0.002–0.357]), Fusobacterium naviforme/Fusobacterium nucleatum ss vincentii (OR 0.015 [0.001–0.223]), Granulicatella adiacens/Granulicatella elegans (OR 0.013 [0.001–0.233], p < 0.05) were associated with aggressive periodontitis.ConclusionThere were specific microbial signatures of the subgingival biofilm that were able to distinguish between microbiomes of periodontal health and diseases. Such profiles may be used to establish risk of disease.
Identification of female sex pheromone of a plant bug, Adelphocoris fasciaticollis Reuter (Hemiptera: Miridae)
Authors: Zhang T. , Mei X. , Zhang L. , Wu K. , Ning J. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe plant bug, Adelphocoris fasciaticollis, has begun to resurge and become a key pest for cotton and alfalfa in northern China, along with the widespread cultivation of Bt cotton. To control this plant bug without pesticides, we attempted to develop a new approach by utilizing sex pheromone. The sex pheromone components from the whole‐body extracts were analysed by GC‐MS and gas chromatography–electroantennogram detector analysis (GC‐EAD). (E)‐4‐Oxo‐2‐hexenal and hexyl butyrate, identified as the major components in the extracts of female bugs, elicited strong EAD responses. Field tests indicated that either (E)‐4‐oxo‐2‐hexenal or hexyl butyrate attracted few A. fasciaticollis males and was significantly less active than virgin females and the binary blend. Their ratio was optimized to be 1 : 11. Our results could expand acknowledge of the pheromone of mirids and provide novel approaches to monitor and control this plant bug without pesticides.
A cross‐sectional exploration of the personality traits of dietitians
Authors: Ball L. , Eley D. S. , Desbrow B. , Lee P. , Ferguson M. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackgroundPersonality traits refer to habitual patterns of behaviour, thought and emotions, and have been shown to influence health professionals’ career decisions, career development, job satisfaction and retention. There is an opportunity to better understand and support the career pathways of dietitians by exploring their personality traits. The two primary aspects of personality are: (i) temperament traits, which determine automatic emotional responses to experiences, and are generally stable over lifetime, and (ii) character traits, which reflect personal goals and values, and tend to develop with life experience. The present study explored the levels of temperament and character traits of dietitians, as well as their relationship to demographic variables.MethodsThe study comprised a cross‐sectional online survey of 346 Australian dietitians [95% female; mean (SD) age 32 (10) years; mean (SD) time since graduation 7 (9) years]. Temperament and character traits were measured by the Temperament and Character Inventory. Key demographic variables were measured to describe career decisions and pathways of dietitians. Multivariate analyses of variance was used to investigate the relationship between demographic variables and personality traits.ResultsLevels of several traits were significantly associated with gender, age and highest level of education. In comparison to the general population, the dietitians displayed average levels of Novelty Seeking; high levels of Harm Avoidance, Reward Dependence, Persistence, Self‐Directedness and Cooperativeness; and low levels of Self‐Transcendence.ConclusionsThe dietitians in the present study displayed levels of personality traits that were similar to other health professionals, although they differed from the general population. These findings are the precursor to further work that may inform recruitment strategies and career counselling in dietetics.
Enforcement Releases, Firm Characteristics, and Earnings Quality: Insights from Germany's Two‐tiered Enforcement System
Authors: Strohmenger Manuel 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe implementation of a two‐tier external enforcement mechanism in Germany in 2004 permits the examination of the interrelationship of enforcement releases, firm characteristics, and earnings quality in a unique institutional framework. A total of 151 cases are examined where the announcement of errors in prior disclosed and audited financial statements was mandatorily ordered by the enforcement authority. Prior literature documents the correlation between underperformance in financial ratios and the probability of erroneous disclosure of financial statements. Evidence is provided of differences in characteristics between firms with enforcement releases and control firms as well as all German publicly listed firms. The research affirms the connection of financial ratios to earnings quality metrics. Overall, the results document the underperformance in important financial ratios as well as indicate an inferior earnings quality of firms subject to enforcement releases vis‐à‐vis the control groups. These results hold with regard to both different earnings quality specifications and different periods observed. This study adds to the earnings quality discussion and contributes to the development of a comprehensive picture of accounting quality in the unique institutional settings of Germany. The findings show that a conjoint two‐tier public and private enforcement system is effective and could be a model for consideration by other countries.
Studying Modern Nation‐State in a World‐Historical Perspective: The Instance of Iraq
Authors: Taşdemir Yaşin Zehra 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBy examining conceptual and historical approaches on modern state and state formation in the context of Iraq, this paper addresses four interrelated methodological aspects of studying state formation (1) to contest the simplicity of Eurocentric knowledge production in studying state formation especially in the periphery, (2) to bring capital and nation‐state into a relational analysis and to call for research on how they constitute each other historically and geographically, (3) to integrate methodologically local and world‐historical context in understanding the historical complexity of state formation, (4) to problematize the concepts of “capital relation” in order to recognize nature and transformation of nature in the study of state formation.
Long‐term exposure of human gingival fibroblasts to cigarette smoke condensate reduces cell growth by modulating Bax, caspase‐3 and p53 expression
Authors: Alamri A. , Semlali A. , Jacques É. , Alanazi M. , Zakrzewski A. , Chmielewski W. , Rouabhia M. 
Published: August 2014

Background and ObjectiveSmoking cigarettes increases the risk of oral tissue damage leading to periodontal disease. Gingival fibroblasts, the predominant cell type inhabiting gingival connective tissue, play a critical role in remodeling and maintaining gingival structure. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of long‐term exposure to cigarette smoke on human gingival fibroblast survival/apoptosis and the molecular pathways involved in these cell responses.Material and MethodsHuman gingival fibroblasts were extracted from healthy non‐smokers and cultured in the presence of cigarette smoke condensate (CSC). At the end of each time point, cell growth was evaluated by means of MTT assay. Apoptotic and necrotic gene's expression was investigated by polymerase chain reaction array and by annexin V/propidium iodide staining and cell cycle assays. Western blot was used to investigate Bax and p53 proteins. These tests were supported by caspase 3 activity analyses.ResultsHigh levels of CSC decreased cell growth and deregulated cell cycle progression by increasing the G0/G1 and reducing the S and G2/M phases of the gingival fibroblasts. Polymerase chain reaction arrays revealed the activation of several apoptotic genes by CSC, including TNF receptors, caspases, Bax and p53. This was supported by increases in the Bax and p53 protein levels as well as by an elevated activity of caspase‐3 in the CSC‐exposed cells. Immunofluorescence staining demonstrated that both Bax and caspase‐3 displayed a cytosolic and mitochondrial distribution in the CSC‐exposed gingival fibroblasts, compared to controls. The damaging effect of CSC on gingival fibroblast growth was also supported by the decrease in interleukin 6 and 8 secretion by the gingival fibroblasts.ConclusionThese results suggest that CSC may contribute to deregulating fibroblast functions. This can compromise fibroblast–epithelial cell interactions, which ultimately increases the risk of gingival tissue damage and the onset of periodontitis.
Giant Seborrheic Keratoses on Penis
Authors: Part Martina , Švecová Danka , Brezová Daniela , Breza Ján 
Published: August 2014

Abstract

Introduction
Seborrheic keratoses are very common benign epidermal tumors. Despite the high frequency, the pathogenesis is still unknown. They are extremely rare in the genital area. The participation of human papilloma viruses (HPVs) in pathogenesis of seborrheic keratoses is being discussed.

Aims
The aims of this case report are to inform about extremely rare lesion in genital area in a young man and evaluate the association of HPVs in the development of seborrheic keratoses.

Methods
We used histopathological examination to establish the correct diagnosis, which revealed signs of seborrheic keratosis. The real-time polymerase chain reaction method confirmed low-risk HPV 6 from the lesions.

Main Outcome Measures
HPVs may play a role in pathogenesis of seborrheic keratoses.

Results
The patient was successfully treated with shave excision under spinal anesthesia. Six-month follow-up was without any recurrence. We suggest that HPVs can be considered as etiologic factor in creation of seborrheic keratosis.

Conclusions
Seborrheic keratoses are very common on sun-exposed skin, but they are rare in the genital area, such as on the shaft of penis. This localization may lead to misdiagnosis. Seborrheic keratoses in genital area might negatively influence the sexual life of the patient. Containing HPV 6 low-risk virus, they never lead to malignant transformation.
The Effects of Arts Integration on Long‐Term Retention of Academic Content
Authors: Hardiman Mariale , Rinne Luke , Yarmolinskaya Julia 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPrevious correlational and quasi‐experimental studies of arts integration—the pedagogical practice of “teaching through the arts”—suggest its value for enhancing cognitive, academic, and social skills. This study reports the results of a small, preliminary classroom‐based experiment that tested effects of arts integration on long‐term retention of content. We designed matched arts‐integrated (AI) and conventional science units in astronomy and ecology. Four randomized groups of 5th graders in one school completed one unit in the treatment (AI) condition and the other in the control (conventional) condition. To control for teacher effects, four teachers taught the same subject to different groups in each condition. We administered curriculum‐based assessments before, immediately after, and 2 months after each unit to measure initial learning and retention. Results showed no differences in initial learning, but significantly better retention in the AI condition. Increases in retention were greatest for students at the lowest levels of reading achievement.
Childhood maltreatment and the risk of pre‐pregnancy obesity and excessive gestational weight gain
Authors: Diesel Jill C. , Bodnar Lisa M. , Day Nancy L. , Larkby Cynthia A. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe objective of this study was to estimate whether maternal history of childhood maltreatment was associated with pre‐pregnancy obesity or excessive gestational weight gain. Pregnant women (n = 472) reported pre‐pregnancy weight and height and gestational weight gain and were followed up to 16 years post‐partum when they reported maltreatment on the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). CTQ score ranged from no maltreatment (25) to severe maltreatment (125). Prenatal mental health modified the association between CTQ score and maternal weight (P < 0.15), and thus stratified models are presented. After adjusting for race, prenatal tobacco, marijuana and alcohol use, a one standard deviation (1 SD) increase in CTQ score was associated with a 45% increase in the risk of pre‐pregnancy obesity among the 141 women with elevated anxiety (≥75th percentile on the State Trait Anxiety Inventory) [relative risk, RR (95% confidence interval, CI): 1.45 (1.12, 1.88)], but was not associated among less anxious (<75th percentile) women [RR (95% CI): 1.10 (0.81, 1.51)]. Risk of excessive gestational weight gain was higher [adjusted RR (95% CI): 1.21 (1.07, 1.37)] with every 1 SD increase in CTQ score for anxious women. No association was observed for less anxious women [adjusted RR (95% CI): 0.89 (0.78, 1.02)]. Prenatal depression similarly modified the association between maltreatment and weight gain. Factors such as psychological status and traumatic experiences in early childhood may contribute to pre‐pregnancy obesity and excessive gestational weight gain.
Shame if you do – shame if you don't: women's experiences of infant feeding
Authors: Thomson Gill , Ebisch‐Burton Katherine , Flacking Renee 
Published: August 2014

AbstractEmotions such as guilt and blame are frequently reported by non‐breastfeeding mothers, and fear and humiliation are experienced by breastfeeding mothers when feeding in a public context. In this paper, we present new insights into how shame‐related affects, cognitions and actions are evident within breastfeedingandnon‐breastfeeding women's narratives of their experiences. As part of an evaluation study of the implementation of theUNICEF UK BabyFriendlyInitiative Community Award within two primary (community based) care trusts inNorthWestEngland, 63 women with varied infant feeding experiences took part in either a focus group or an individual semi‐structured interview to explore their experiences, opinions and perceptions of infant feeding. Using a framework analysis approach and drawing onLazare's categories of shame, we consider how the nature of the event (infant feeding) and the vulnerability of the individual (mother) interact in the social context to create shame responses in some breastfeeding and non‐breastfeeding mothers. Three key themes illustrate how shame is experienced and internalised through ‘exposure of women's bodies and infant feeding methods’, ‘undermining and insufficient support’ and ‘perceptions of inadequate mothering’. The findings of this paper highlight how breastfeeding and non‐breastfeeding women may experience judgement and condemnation in interactions with health professionals as well as within community contexts, leading to feelings of failure, inadequacy and isolation. There is a need for strategies and support that address personal, cultural, ideological and structural constraints of infant feeding.
Prevalence of tinea pedis in psoriasis, compared to atopic dermatitis and normal controls – a prospective study
Authors: Leibovici Vera , Ramot Yuval , Siam Rula , Siam Ihab , Hadayer Noa , Strauss‐Liviatan Nurith , Hochberg Malka 
Published: August 2014

SummaryThere are discrepancies in the literature regarding the prevalence of tinea pedis in psoriasis. The aim of this investigation was to conduct a cross‐sectional study of the prevalence of tinea pedis in psoriasis compared to atopic dermatitis patients and normal controls. We enrolled 232 psoriatic patients, 190 atopic dermatitis patients and 202 normal controls, between the years 2010 and 2013. The prevalence of tinea pedis was 13.8% in psoriasis patients, not significantly different from that in atopic dermatitis patients 8.4% (P = 0.092)), but significantly higher than in normal controls 7.4% (P = 0.043). Both gender and age affected the prevalence of tinea pedis in psoriasis and normal controls, while only age affected the prevalence of tinea pedis in atopic dermatitis. Regarding gender, there was higher prevalence of tinea pedis in men: 19.1% (P = 0.019) in psoriasis and 12.1% (P = 0.013) in normal controls. Age affected the prevalence of tinea pedis in normal controls (P < 0.001), psoriasis patients (P = 0.001) and atopic dermatitis patients (P = 0.001), with higher prevalence with increasing age. Trichophyton rubrum was the most common species in psoriasis (71.9%), atopic dermatitis (75.0%) and normal controls (73.3%). Our study found a relatively high prevalence of tinea pedis among psoriasis patients.
Cryptococcosis‐related deaths and associated medical conditions in the United States, 2000–2010
Authors: Barragan Noel C. , Sorvillo Frank , Kuo Tony 
Published: August 2014

SummaryCryptococcosis is an invasive mycotic infection primarily affecting immunocompromised individuals. The objective of this study was to describe cryptococcosis mortality and associated medical conditions in the US for the period 2000–2010. Cryptococcosis‐related deaths were identified from the national multiple‐cause‐of‐death dataset. Mortality trends and comparison analyses were performed on overall cases of cryptococcosis and by subset [i.e. clinical manifestations of disease and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status]. A matched case–control analysis was also conducted to describe the associations between this disease and comorbid medical conditions. A total of 3210 cryptococcosis‐related deaths were identified. Cerebral cryptococcosis was the most commonly reported clinical manifestation of the disease. Approximately one‐fifth of the decedents (n = 616) had a co‐diagnosis of HIV. Mortality rates were highest among men, blacks, Hispanics, Native Americans and older adults. Poisson regression analysis indicated a 6.52% annual decrease in mortality rates for the study period. HIV (MOR = 35.55, 95% CI 27.95–45.22) and leukaemia (MOR = 16.10, 95% CI 11.24–23.06) were highly associated with cryptococcosis‐related deaths. Cryptococcosis mortality declined significantly during 2000–2010. However, the disease continues to cause appreciable mortality in the US. With the majority of decedents having no HIV co‐diagnosis, there is still much to be learned about the epidemiology of this mycosis.