bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An in situ assessment of selenium bioaccumulation from water-, sediment-, and dietary-exposure pathways using caged chironomus dilutus larvae
Authors: Franz Eric D. , Wiramanaden Cheryl I. E. , Gallego-Gallegos Mercedes , Tse Justin J. , Phibbs James , Janz David M. , Pickering Ingrid J. , Liber Karsten 
Published: September 2013

Abstract

An in situ caging study was conducted downstream of a metal mine in northern Canada to determine the significance of surface water versus sediment exposure on selenium (Se) bioaccumulation in the benthic invertebrate Chironomus dilutus. Laboratory-reared C. dilutus larvae were exposed to either site-specific whole-sediment and surface water or surface water only for 10 d at sites with differing sediment and Se characteristics. Results showed elevated whole-body Se concentrations in C. dilutus larvae when exposed to sediment and water, compared with larvae exposed to Se in the surface water only at concentrations ranging from &lt;1 µg Se/L to 12 µg Se/L. In response to these findings, a second in situ experiment was conducted to investigate the importance of dietary Se (biofilm and detritus) versus whole-sediment-exposure pathways. Larvae exposed to sediment detritus had the highest Se concentrations after 10 d of exposure (15.6 ± 1.9 µg/g dry wt) compared with larvae exposed to whole-sediment (12.9 ± 1.7 µg/g dry wt) or biofilm (9.9 ± 1.6 µg/g dry wt). Detritus and biofilm appear to be enriched sources of organic Se, which are more bioaccumulative than inorganic Se. Midge larvae from the reference treatment contained elevated concentrations of diselenides (i.e., selenocystine), while larvae from the biofilm treatment had the highest concentrations of selenomethionine-like compounds, which may be a biomarker of elevated Se exposures derived from anthropogenic sources. Whenever possible, Se concentrations in the organic fraction of sediment should be measured separately from whole-sediment Se and used for more accurate ecological risk assessments of potential Se impacts on aquatic ecosystems. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013;32:2836–2848. © 2013 SETAC
Sensing as a service model for smart cities supported by Internet of Things
Authors: Perera Charith , Zaslavsky Arkady , Christen Peter , Georgakopoulos Dimitrios 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTThe world population is growing at a rapid pace. Towns and cities are accommodating half of the world's population thereby creating tremendous pressure on every aspect of urban living. Cities are known to have large concentration of resources and facilities. Such environments attract people from rural areas. However, unprecedented attraction has now become an overwhelming issue for city governance and politics. The enormous pressure towards efficient city management has triggered various Smart City initiatives by both government and private sector businesses to invest in information and communication technologies to find sustainable solutions to the growing issues. The Internet of Things (IoT) has also gained significant attention over the past decade. IoT envisions to connect billions of sensors to the Internet and expects to use them for efficient and effective resource management in Smart Cities. Today, infrastructure, platforms and software applications are offered as services using cloud technologies. In this paper, we explore the concept of sensing as a service and how it fits with the IoT. Our objective is to investigate the concept of sensing as a service model in technological, economical and social perspectives and identify the major open challenges and issues. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experimentelle Erkenntnisse zum zyklisch axialen Pfahltragverhalten
Authors: Thomas Sebastian , Kempfert Hans‐Georg 
Published: September 2013

AbstractZyklisch axiale Einwirkungen auf Pfähle können bekanntlich zur Akkumulation der plastischen Verschiebung des Pfahls und zur Änderung der postzyklischen Tragfähigkeit führen. Zu den Ursachen dieser Phänomene bestehen aber noch erhebliche Kenntnisdefizite. Im Rahmen eines DFG‐Forschungsprojekts sind neue Erkenntnisse zum zyklischen und postzyklischen Pfahltragverhalten erzielt worden. Dieser Beitrag berichtet von der Methodik und den wesentlichen Ergebnissen dieser Untersuchungen: In insgesamt 77 Probebelastungen an Modellpfählen konnten durch die Variation der Belastungsparameter und der Bodenkenngrößen verschiedene Einflussfaktoren für die Akkumulation der plastischen Verschiebung des Pfahls und die Änderung der Tragfähigkeit identifiziert werden. Auf Grundlage von Spannungsmessungen im Pfahlnahbereich und der Beobachtung von bodenmechanischen Vorgängen mithilfe der Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) konnten Hypothesen zum zyklischen und postzyklischen Tragverhalten abgeleitet werden. Schließlich wird ein neuartiges Interaktionsdiagramm vorgestellt, mit dem das zu erwartende Verschiebungsverhalten des Pfahls qualitativ abgeschätzt werden kann.Experimental findings on pile behaviour under cyclic axial loading. It is known that cyclic axial loads may lead to the accumulation of plastic pile displacement and to the change in post‐cyclic pile capacity, but the causative mechanisms of cyclic pile behaviour are not completely understood. Thus, within the framework of a project supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG), the cyclic and post‐cyclic pile behaviour was systematically investigated using three experimental concepts. This paper reports about the investigation techniques and the significant findings of test results: In 77 model tests loading parameters and soil properties were modified. In this way it was possible to identify key influence factors for the accumulation of plastic pile displacement and for the change in post‐cyclic pile capacity. Based on stress measurements and observation of soil mechanical mechanisms using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) different hypothesis for cyclic and post‐cyclic pile behaviour could be derived. Finally, in order to forecast the plastic pile displacements from a qualitative viewpoint, a novel interaction diagram is presented.
Collagen hydrogel as an immunomodulatory scaffold in cartilage tissue engineering
Authors: Yuan Tun , Zhang Li , Li Kuifeng , Fan Hongsong , Fan Yujiang , Liang Jie , Zhang Xingdong 
Published: September 2013

AbstractA collagen type I hydrogel was constructed and used as the scaffold for cartilage tissue engineering. Neonatal rabbit chondrocytes were seeded into the hydrogel, and the constructs were culturedin vitrofor 7, 14, and 28 days. The immunomodulatory effect of the hydrogel on seeded chondrocytes was carefully investigated. The expressions of major histocompatibility complex classes I and II of seeded chondrocytes increased with the time, which indicated that the immunogenicity also increased with the time. Meanwhile, the properly designed collagen type I hydrogel could prompt the chondrogenesis of engineered cartilage. The extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis ability of seeded chondrocytes and the accumulated ECM in the constructs continuously increased with the culture time. Both the isolation and protection, which come from formed ECM and hydrogel scaffold, can effectively control the adverse immunogenicity of seeded chondrocytes and even help to lessen the immunogenicity of the whole engineered cartilage. As the result, the levels of mixed lymphocyte chondrocyte reactions of seed cells and the constructs decreased gradually. The stimulation on allogeneic lymphocytes of the whole constructs was obviously lower than that of the retrieved cells from the constructs. Therefore, properly designed collagen type I hydrogel can give certain immunogenicity‐reducing effects on engineered cartilage based on chondrocytes, and it may be a potential immunomodulatory biomaterial in tissue engineering. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 102B: 337–344, 2014.
A recurrent de novo FAM111A mutation causes kenny–caffey syndrome type 2
Authors: Isojima Tsuyoshi , Doi Koichiro , Mitsui Jun , Oda Yoichiro , Tokuhiro Etsuro , Yasoda Akihiro , Yorifuji Tohru , Horikawa Reiko , Yoshimura Jun , Ishiura Hiroyuki , Morishita Shinichi , Tsuji Shoji , Kitanaka Sachiko 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACT

Kenny–Caffey syndrome (KCS) is a rare dysmorphologic syndrome characterized by proportionate short stature, cortical thickening and medullary stenosis of tubular bones, delayed closure of anterior fontanelle, eye abnormalities, and hypoparathyroidism. The autosomal dominant form of KCS (KCS type 2 [KCS2]) is distinguished from the autosomal recessive form of KCS (KCS type 1 [KCS1]), which is caused by mutations of the tubulin-folding cofactor E (TBCE) gene, by the absence of mental retardation. In this study, we recruited four unrelated Japanese patients with typical sporadic KCS2, and performed exome sequencing in three patients and their parents to elucidate the molecular basis of KCS2. The possible candidate genes were explored by a de novo mutation detection method. A single gene, FAM111A (NM_001142519.1), was shared among three families. An identical missense mutation, R569H, was heterozygously detected in all three patients but not in the unaffected family members. This mutation was also found in an additional unrelated patient. These findings are in accordance with those of a recent independent report by a Swiss group that KCS2 is caused by a de novo mutation of FAM111A, and R569H is a hot spot mutation for KCS2. Although the function of FAM111A is not known, this study would provide evidence that FAM111A is a key molecule for normal bone development, height gain, and parathyroid hormone development and/or regulation. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Atomic force microscope tip cleaning by using gratings as micro‐washboards
Authors: Shi Bin , Zhang Dongxian , Zhang Haijun , Sang Qing 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTThe sharpness of atomic force microscope (AFM) tips is essential for acquiring high quality AFM images. However, AFM tips would easily get contaminated during scanning and storage at ambient condition, which influences image resolution and causes image distortion. Replacing the probe frequently is a solution, but uneconomical. To solve this problem, several tip cleaning methods have been proposed but there is space for further improvement. Therefore, this article developed a method of tip cleaning by using a one‐dimensional grating (600 lines/mm) as a micro‐washboard to “wash” contaminated tips. We demonstrate that the contaminants can be scrubbed away by rapidly scanning such micro‐washboard against the tip in the aids of Z‐dithering (10–20 Hz) exerted on the washboard. This method is highly efficient and proved to be superior to traditional ones. Experiments show that AFM images acquired with “washed” tips have higher resolution and less distortion compared with images acquired using contaminated tips, even comparable to those scanned by new ones. Microsc. Res. Tech. 76:1131–1134, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A polyaniline based intrinsically conducting coating for corrosion protection of structural steels
Authors: Pan Tongyan , Wang Zhaoyang 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTAmong the various corrosion protection strategies for structural steels, coating techniques provide the most cost‐effective protection and have been used as the primary mode of corrosion protection. Existing coating techniques however have been used mainly for their barrier capability and therefore all have a limited service life due to oxidation aging, electrolytic degradation, or various inadvertent defects and flaws occurred in and after coating applications. This work investigated the anti‐corrosion potential of a π‐conjugated polymer—polyaniline (PANi), which was doped into an intrinsically conducting polymer and then included in a two‐layer coating system as a primer layer. To achieve a long service life, the primer layer was made by mixing the conductive PANi in a waterborne poly‐vinyl butyral solution to provide strong adhesion to steel surface, and then topcoated with a layer of elastomer‐modified polyethylene to obtain extra mechanical and barrier protections. Two ASTM standard tests were conducted to evaluate the corrosion durability and tensile adhesion of the two‐layer system, in which the system demonstrated superior performance. The Scanning Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy (SKPFM) was used to provide the microscopic evidences for the outstanding performance. Microsc. Res. Tech. 76:1186–1195, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Biological aerosol particles as a key determinant of ice nuclei populations in a forest ecosystem
Authors: Tobo Yutaka , Prenni Anthony J. , DeMott Paul J. , Huffman J. Alex , McCluskey Christina S. , Tian Guoxun , Pöhlker Christopher , Pöschl Ulrich , Kreidenweis Sonia M. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractCertain primary biological aerosol particles (PBAPs) are known to have very high ice nucleating ability under mixed‐phase cloud conditions. However, since the abundances of ice nucleation active PBAPs in the atmosphere are generally thought to be extremely small, their importance has remained uncertain. Here we present evidence for the role of PBAPs as atmospheric ice nuclei (IN) active at temperatures ranging from about −34°C to −9°C in a midlatitude ponderosa pine forest ecosystem in summertime. Our measurements show that the number concentrations of IN active at these temperatures were positively correlated with number concentrations of ambient fluorescent biological aerosol particles (FBAPs). Notably, the number concentrations of IN active at warmer temperatures increased quite rapidly in response to increases in the number concentrations of FBAPs. Moreover, we show that a newly‐proposed parameterization related to the number concentrations of FBAPs can better reproduce the number concentrations of IN active over the entire temperature range examined, as compared with parameterizations related solely to the number concentrations of total aerosol particles with diameters larger than 0.5 µm as proposed previously. These results suggest that certain PBAPs released from forest biota can indeed play a key role in determining atmospheric IN populations in this ecosystem, especially at warmer temperatures, potentially leading to ice initiation in nearby mixed‐phase clouds.
Computer‐aided design and simulation of optical microring resonators
Authors: Radjenović B. , Radmilović‐Radjenović M. 
Published: August 2013

SUMMARYThis paper contains results of the three‐dimensional full‐vectorial finite element (3D FEM) frequency‐domain simulations of microring silicon resonators intended for the add/drop multiplexing, switching, and sensor applications. The second‐order edge elements are used, and the computational domain is closed using the standard perfectly matched layer. The calculations are performed for add‐drop and all‐pass configurations in a wide spectral range covering the first and the second telecommunication windows. Although computationally very demanding, the three‐dimensional full‐vectorial finite element offers designers a feasible and efficient way to design and simulate complex integrated optical components containing microring resonators, especially in the case when the radii of rings are too small to approximate that theories were valid. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Domain decomposition with the mortar cell method
Authors: Moro F. , Alotto P. , Guarnieri M. , Stella A. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTA novel domain decomposition technique is proposed in order to enforce either continuity or jump conditions on subdomain interfaces in nonconforming 2D discrete formulations, based on the cell method or the finite integration technique. Lagrange multiplier basis functions are proposed for an easy computation of the Schur complements in the partitioned linear system. Different matching and jump conditions are tested and compared on benchmark problems with analytical solutions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ACL forces and knee kinematics produced by axial tibial compression during a passive flexion–extension cycle
Authors: Markolf Keith L. , Jackson Steven R. , Foster Brock , McAllister David R. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractApplication of axial tibial force to the knee at a fixed flexion angle has been shown to generate ACL force. However, direct measurements of ACL force under an applied axial tibial force have not been reported during a passive flexion–extension cycle. We hypothesized that ACL forces and knee kinematics during knee extension would be significantly different than those during knee flexion, and that ACL removal would significantly increase all kinematic measurements. A 500 N axial tibial force was applied to intact knees during knee flexion–extension between 0° and 50°. Contact force on the sloping lateral tibial plateau produced a coupled internal + valgus rotation of the tibia, anterior tibial displacement, and elevated ACL forces. ACL forces during knee extension were significantly greater than those during knee flexion between 5° and 50°. During knee extension, ACL removal significantly increased anterior tibial displacement between 0° and 50°, valgus rotation between 5° and 50°, and internal tibial rotation between 5° and 15°. With the ACL removed, kinematic measurements during knee extension were significantly greater than those during knee flexion between 5° and 45°. The direction of knee flexion–extension movement is an important variable in determining ACL forces and knee kinematics produced by axial tibial force. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 32:89–95, 2014.
Evaluation of stimulated raman scattering microscopy for identifying squamous cell carcinoma in human skin
Authors: Mittal Richa , Balu Mihaela , Krasieva Tatiana , Potma Eric O. , Elkeeb Laila , Zachary Christopher B. , Wilder‐Smith Petra 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackground and SignificanceThere is a need to develop non‐invasive diagnostic tools to achieve early and accurate detection of skin cancer in a non‐surgical manner. In this study, we evaluate the capability of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy, a potentially non‐invasive optical imaging technique, for identifying the pathological features of s squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) tissue.Study DesignWe studied ex vivo SCC and healthy skin tissues using SRS microscopy, and compared the SRS contrast with the contrast obtained in reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) and standard histology.Results and ConclusionSRS images obtained at the carbon‐hydrogen stretching vibration at 2945 cm−1 exhibit contrast related protein density that clearly delineates the cell nucleus from the cell cytoplasm. The morphological features of SCC tumor seen in the SRS images show excellent correlation with the diagnostic features identified by histological examination. Additionally, SRS exhibits enhanced cellular contrast in comparison to that seen in confocal microscopy. In conclusion, SRS represents an attractive approach for generating protein density maps with contrast that closely resembles histopathological contrast of SCC in human skin. Lasers Surg. Med. 45:496–502, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Elicitation of Criteria Weights Maximising the Stability of Pairwise Outranking Statements
Authors: Bisdorff Raymond , Meyer Patrick , Veneziano Thomas 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTWe propose an indirect approach for assessing criteria‐importance weights from overall outranking statements that a decision maker may acknowledge in a multiple‐criteria decision aid process. Our approach takes advantage of the bipolar characteristic valuation of the overall outranking and the stability of its associated median‐cut, crisp outranking relation. Numerical criteria‐importance weights are inferred with the help of a mixed‐integer linear programming model for which we present tests results under different configurations and tunings. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of two electronic bladder diaries: A patient and healthcare professionals pilot study
Authors: Mangera Altaf , Marzo Alberto , Heron Nicola , Fernando Dayan , Hameed Khawar , Soliman Abdel‐Hamid A. , Bradley Mike , Hosking Ian , Abdel‐Maguid Mohamed , Levermore Martin , Tindale Wendy B. , Chapple Christopher 
Published: September 2013

AbstractAimsAssess patients' preferences in a pilot crossover study of two different electronic voiding diaries against a standard paper diary. Assess urological health professional (HP) opinions on the electronic bladder diary reporting system.MethodsTwo different electronic diaries were developed: (1) electronically read diary—a card with predefined slots read by a card reader and (2) e‐diary—a handheld touch screen device. Data uploaded from either electronic diary produced an electronic report. We recruited 22 patients split into two cohorts for each electronic diary, 11 completed each type of electronic diary for 3 days either preceded or followed by a standard paper diary for 3 days. Both diaries were completed on the 7th day. Patients' perceptions of both diaries were recorded using a standardized questionnaire. A HP study recruited 22 urologists who were given the paper diary and the electronic reports. Time taken for analysis was recorded along with accuracy and HP preferences.ResultsThe majority of patients (82%) preferred the e‐diary and only 1/11 found it difficult to use. Patients had the same preference for the electronically read diary as the paper diary. The paper diary took 66% longer to analyze than the electronic report (P < 0.001) and was analyzed with an accuracy of 58% compared to 100%. Slightly more HP (9%) preferred the electronic report to the paper diary.ConclusionsThis proposed e‐diary with its intuitive interface has overcome previous deficiencies in electronic diaries with most patients finding the format user‐friendly. Electronic reports make analysis and interpretation by HP quicker and more accurate. Neurourol. Urodynam. 33:1101–1109, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Baseline predictors of missed visits in the look AHEAD study
Authors: Fitzpatrick Stephanie L. , Jeffery Robert , Johnson Karen C. , Roche Cathy C. , Van Dorsten Brent , Gee Molly , Johnson Ruby Ann , Charleston Jeanne , Dotson Kathy , Walkup Michael P. , Hill‐Briggs Felicia , Brancati Frederick L. ,   The Look AHEAD Research Group
Published: September 2013

ObjectiveTo identify baseline attributes associated with consecutively missed data collection visits during the first 48 months of Look AHEAD—a randomized, controlled trial in 5,145 overweight/obese adults with type 2 diabetes designed to determine the long‐term health benefits of weight loss achieved by lifestyle change.Design and MethodsThe analyzed sample consisted of 5,016 participants who were alive at month 48 and enrolled at Look AHEAD sites. Demographic, baseline behavior, psychosocial factors, and treatment randomization were included as predictors of missed consecutive visits in proportional hazard models.ResultsIn multivariate Cox proportional hazard models, baseline attributes of participants who missed consecutive visits (n = 222) included: younger age (hazard ratio [HR] 1.18 per 5 years younger; 95% confidence Interval 1.05, 1.30), higher depression score (HR 1.04; 1.01, 1.06), non‐married status (HR 1.37; 1.04, 1.82), never self‐weighing prior to enrollment (HR 2.01; 1.25, 3.23), and randomization to minimal vs. intensive lifestyle intervention (HR 1.46; 1.11, 1.91).ConclusionsYounger age, symptoms of depression, non‐married status, never self‐weighing, and randomization to minimal intervention were associated with a higher likelihood of missing consecutive data collection visits, even in a high‐retention trial like Look AHEAD. Whether modifications to screening or retention efforts targeted to these attributes might enhance long‐term retention in behavioral trials requires further investigation.