bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ATLAS3D Stellar Population Gradients
Authors: Kuntschner Harald 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWe present stellar population gradients of early-type galaxies from the ATLAS3D survey: a complete, volume-limited multi-wavelength survey of 260 early-type galaxies in the local 42 Mpc volume. Using emission-corrected spectra integrated within elliptical annuli we measure line-strength indices and apply single stellar population (SSP) models to derive SSP-equivalent values of stellar age, metallicity, and alpha enhancement as function of radius. For all galaxies we derive basic linear stellar population gradients versus radius logR/Re). These gradients are examined on their own and versus three mass-sensitive parameters: K-band luminosity MK, velocity dispersion within one effective radius log σe, and our dynamical mass MJAM. We find a correlation between positive age gradients (younger centre) and steeper negative metallicity gradients with a Spearman rank correlation coefficient of -0.46 and a significance of 7.65 × 10−15. Furthermore, we find a robustly estimated mean metallicity gradient of Δ[Z/H] = -0.37 ± 0.01 for the sample with a significant trend for more massive galaxies to have shallower profiles. While there is no clear distinction between fast and slow rotators or signs of environmental influence, we do detect a significantly larger range of [Z/H]-gradients towards low mass galaxies.
Initial Mass Function for Massive Galaxies at z ~ 1
Authors: Shetty Shravan , Cappellari Michele 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWe present the results on the stellar Initial Mass Function (IMF) normalisation of 68 massive (M* = 1011 - 1012M⋖) Early-Type Galaxies (ETGs) at redshift of ~1. This was achieved by deriving the stellar Mass-to-Light ratio (M/L) of the galaxies through axis-symmetric dynamical modelling and comparing it to the same derived via stellar population modelling through full spectrum fitting. The study also employs an Abundance Matching technique to account for the dark matter within the galaxies. The results demonstrate that massive ETGs at high redshifts on average have a Salpeter-like IMF normalisation, while providing observational evidence supporting previous predictions of low dark matter fraction in the inner regions (<1Re) of galaxies at higher redshift.
Abdominelle Sonografie bei Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus. Teil 1: Leber
Authors: Jenssen C. , Pietsch C. , Gottschalk U. , Barreiros A. , Teufel A. , Cui X. , Dietrich C. 
Published: April 2015

ZusammenfassungDie abdominelle Sonografie ist geeignet, Folgeschäden und Begleiterkrankungen des Diabetes mellitus an Leber, Pankreas, Nieren, Gastrointestinaltrakt und abdominell-retroperitonealen arteriellen Gefäßen zu erfassen und zu verfolgen. Darüber hinaus ermöglicht die abdominelle Sonografie die Erfassung von Pankreas- und Lebererkrankungen, die ursächlich für einen Diabetes mellitus sind. Auf der Grundlage einer systematischen Literaturanalyse wird in einer 3-teiligen Übersichtsarbeit der Stellenwert der abdominellen Sonografie bei Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus dargestellt. Teil 1 beschreibt die Relevanz und konkrete Befunde sonografischer Methoden für die Diagnostik der hepatischen Manifestationen und Komplikationen des Diabetes mellitus.
Subgraph augmented non-negative tensor factorization (SANTF) for modeling clinical narrative text
Authors: Luo Yuan , Xin Yu , Hochberg Ephraim , Joshi Rohit , Uzuner Ozlem , Szolovits Peter 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Objective Extracting medical knowledge from electronic medical records requires automated approaches to combat scalability limitations and selection biases. However, existing machine learning approaches are often regarded by clinicians as black boxes. Moreover, training data for these automated approaches at often sparsely annotated at best. The authors target unsupervised learning for modeling clinical narrative text, aiming at improving both accuracy and interpretability.
Methods The authors introduce a novel framework named subgraph augmented non-negative tensor factorization (SANTF). In addition to relying on atomic features (e.g., words in clinical narrative text), SANTF automatically mines higher-order features (e.g., relations of lymphoid cells expressing antigens) from clinical narrative text by converting sentences into a graph representation and identifying important subgraphs. The authors compose a tensor using patients, higher-order features, and atomic features as its respective modes. We then apply non-negative tensor factorization to cluster patients, and simultaneously identify latent groups of higher-order features that link to patient clusters, as in clinical guidelines where a panel of immunophenotypic features and laboratory results are used to specify diagnostic criteria.
Results and Conclusion SANTF demonstrated over 10% improvement in averaged F-measure on patient clustering compared to widely used non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) and k-means clustering methods. Multiple baselines were established by modeling patient data using patient-by-features matrices with different feature configurations and then performing NMF or k-means to cluster patients. Feature analysis identified latent groups of higher-order features that lead to medical insights. We also found that the latent groups of atomic features help to better correlate the latent groups of higher-order features.
Local Health Departments' Approaches to Deal With Recession: What Strategies Are Used to Minimize the Negative Impact on Public Health Services to Community?
Authors: Shah Gulzar H. , Ye Jiali , Leep Carolyn J. , Leider Jonathon P. 
Published: April 2015

Context:
Local health departments (LHDs) are crucial components in the public health system. As with their state counterparts, operating since the 2008 recession has proven financially difficult for the majority of the nation's 2800 LHDs. These health departments have elected to employ a variety of strategies to maintain operations and public-facing services and programs.

Objectives:
This study aimed to assess strategies used by LHDs to minimize the negative impact on services to community and to examine variation in these strategies by the size of population in LHD jurisdiction.

Design and Participants:
The design of this research brief report is observational, based on cross-sectional data from a nationally representative sample of 957 LHDs that enumerates and characterizes the nature of their responses to austerity.

Outcomes Measures:
The main outcome measures included 19 strategies. We used descriptive and bivariate analyses to highlight our study findings.

Results:
LHDs use a variety of strategies to mitigate negative impacts on the public health services in their communities, focusing on workforce, funding, service referral, and several other areas. The most frequently used strategies include cross-training staff, increasing work hours, pursuing new funding, resource sharing, and seeking fees for services provided. Some minor variation by the size of jurisdiction population existed in frequency of top 10 strategies used by LHDs.

Conclusions:
Some of the LHD strategies to deal with the impact of recession address immediate issues caused by budget cuts and might be short-term fixes, including increasing workload of employees, and pay freezes. Other strategies, such as seeking new sources of revenues and resource sharing, can have potentially positive effects in the long run.
Development of social behaviour in young zebrafish
Authors: Dreosti Elena , Lopes Gonçalo , Kampff Adam R. , Wilson Stephen W. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAdult zebrafish are robustly social animals whereas larva is not. We designed an assay to determine at what stage of development zebrafish begin to interact with and prefer other fish. One week old zebrafish do not show significant social preference whereas most 3 weeks old zebrafish strongly prefer to remain in a compartment where they can view conspecifics. However, for some individuals, the presence of conspecifics drives avoidance instead of attraction. Social preference is dependent on vision and requires viewing fish of a similar age/size. In addition, over the same 1–3 weeks period larval zebrafish increasingly tend to coordinate their movements, a simple form of social interaction. Finally, social preference and coupled interactions are differentially modified by an NMDAR antagonist and acute exposure to ethanol, both of which are known to alter social behavior in adult zebrafish.
Legal orderings of waste in built spaces
Authors: Parizeau Kate , Lepawsky Josh 
Published: April 2015

Purpose– This paper aims to investigate by what means and to what ends waste, its materiality and its symbolic meanings are legally regulated in built environments.Design/methodology/approach– The authors investigate the entanglement of law and the built environment through an analysis of waste-related legal case studies in the Canadian context. They investigate a notable Supreme Court case and three examples of Canadian cities’ by-laws and municipal regulations (particularly regarding informal recycling practices). They mobilize what Valverde calls the work of jurisdiction in their analysis.Findings– The authors argue that the regulation of waste and wasting behaviours is meant to discipline relationships between citizens and governments in the built environment (e.g. mitigating nuisance, facilitating service provision and public health, making individuals more visible and legible in the eyes of the law and controlling and capturing material flows). They find that jurisdiction is used as a flexible and malleable legal medium in the interactions between law and the built environment. Thus, the material treatment of waste may invoke notions of constraint, freedom, citizenship, governance and cognate concepts and practices as they are performed in and through built environments. Waste storage containers appear to operate as black holes in that they evacuate property rights from the spaces that waste regularly occupies.Originality/value– There is scant scholarly attention paid to legal orderings of waste in built environments. This analysis reveals the particular ways that legal interventions serve to construct notions of the public good and the public sphere through orderings of waste (an inherently indeterminate object).
Why are companies still struggling to reach higher continuous improvement maturity levels? Empirical evidence from high performance companies
Authors: Jurburg Daniel , Viles Elisabeth , Jaca Carmen , Tanco Martin 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– Continuous improvement (CI) is regarded as a powerful approach to achieve business excellence. However, the implementation is not simple as it involves managing a considerable amount of tangible and intangible factors throughout the whole organization. The purpose of this paper is to fill the gap by presenting first-hand information about how companies really implement and organize their CI processes.

Design/methodology/approach
– The study was based on semi-structured interviews in ten high performing companies in the Basque Country, a region in northern Spain well known for its business quality. The objective was to analyze the state of their CI processes, putting special focus on how the organizational structure integrates with the CI processes and what are the characteristics of the corresponding measurement system.

Findings
– The study shows a lack of company-wide focus on CI, little written evidence of previous improvement activities, unclear improvement process owner, and poor use of adequate measurement systems to monitor CI.

Practical implications
– Managers should understand that is not enough to guarantee their own commitment and provide the structure, since in order to become learning organization, a different holistic approach towards the CI process must be adopted.

Originality/value
– While most previous work on this field have focused primarily on how to implement different techniques in order to achieve better productive performance, this study presents empirical research from a more holistic approach, assessing the characteristics affecting CI by considering strategy, structure, and the measurement system.
Hydrological conditions explain variation in wood density in riparian plants of south‐eastern Australia
Authors: Lawson James R. , Fryirs Kirstie A. , Leishman Michelle R. 
Published: April 2015

Summary

Wood density is a key plant functional trait which integrates the trade‐offs characteristic to riparian plant ecological strategies. Although high‐density wood is costly to construct, it confers mechanical stiffness to stems, increasing a plant's capacity to withstand flooding, and also enables increased tolerance to water stress. For riparian plants, fluctuations in soil moisture driven by surface hydrology should therefore be an important driver of variation in wood density.

We asked the following questions in the study: (1) Does wood density increase with increasing frequency and magnitude of flood disturbance? (2) Does wood density increase with increasing unpredictability of water availability in the riparian zone? (3) Does dispersion of wood density peak at intermediate levels of hydrological disturbance?

We surveyed wood density of dominant species at 15 riparian sites along flow‐gauged rivers across south‐eastern Australia. Due to the broad range of hydrological variability associated with Australian river systems, this set of sites functions as a useful model for assessing the response of riparian plants to changing hydrological conditions.

We found wood density varied strongly along a single axis of hydrological variability. This axis integrates flood intensity and frequency with metrics of hydrological unpredictability and can be conceptualized as a gradient of environmental harshness, with higher wood density associated with harsher conditions.

Synthesis. Our study highlights the importance of hydrological conditions, particularly disturbance and environmental unpredictability, as determinants of ecological strategy in riparian plants. Large, rare flood events in particular appear to favour higher wood density strategies. This is likely to have significant ecological consequences for riparian plant communities in a south‐east Australian context, as well as in other regions where increasing climatic variability and frequency of extreme events are hallmarks of climate change predictions.
Gambling disorder and its relationship with substance use disorders: Implications for nosological revisions and treatment
Authors: Grant Jon E. , Chamberlain Samuel R. 
Published: April 2015

BackgroundGambling disorder, recognized by the DSM‐5 as a behavioral addiction, affects .4–1.6% of adults worldwide, and is highly comorbid with other mental health disorders, particularly substance use disorders (SUDs).ObjectivesTo provide a concise primer on the relationship between gambling disorder and SUDs, focusing on phenomenology/clinical presentation, co‐morbidity, familiality, cognition, neuroanatomy/neurochemistry, and treatment.MethodsSelective review of the literature.ResultsScientific evidence shows that gambling and SUDs have consistently high rates of comorbidity, similar clinical presentations, and some genetic and physiological overlap. Several treatment approaches show promise for gambling disorder, some of which have previously been effective for SUDs.Scientific SignificanceIt is hoped that recognition of overlap between gambling disorder and SUDs in terms of phenomenology and neurobiology will signal novel treatment approaches and raise the profile of this neglected condition. (Am J Addict 2015;24:126–131)
Functional Diagnostic Parameters for Arteriovenous Fistula
Authors: Rajabi‐Jagahrgh Ehsan , Banerjee Rupak K. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe inability to detect the arteriovenous fistula (AVF) dysfunction in a timely manner under the current surveillance programs, which are based on either diameter (d), flow rate (Q), or pressure (p) measurements, is one of the major challenges of dialysis treatment. Thus, our aim is to introduce new functional diagnostic parameters that can better predict AVF functionality status. Six AVFs were created between the femoral arteries and veins of three pigs, each pig having two AVFs on either limb. Flow fields and pressure drop (Δp) in AVFs were obtained via numerical analysis utilizing the CT scan and Doppler ultrasound data at 2D (D: days), 7D, and 28D postsurgery. The dataset included 16 (two pigs [four AVFs] for three time points, and one pig [two AVFs] for two time points) repeated measurements over time, and the statistical analysis was done using a mixed model. To evaluate the nature of pressure drop–flow relationships in AVFs, the Δp was correlated with the average velocity at proximal artery (v) and also the corresponding scaled velocity (v*) by the curvature ratio of anastomotic segment. Based on these relationships, two new functional diagnostic parameters, including the nonlinear pressure drop coefficient (Cp; pressure drop divided by dynamic pressure at proximal artery) and the linear resistance index (R; pressure drop divided by velocity at proximal artery), were introduced. The diagnostic parameters that were calculated based on scaled velocity are represented as R* and Cp*. A marginal (P = 0.1) increase in d from 2D (5.4 ± 0.7 mm) to 7D (6.8 ± 0.7 mm), along with a significant increase in Q (2D: 967 ± 273 mL/min; 7D: 1943 ± 273 mL/min), was accompanied by an almost unchanged Δp over this time period (2D: 16.42 ± 4.6 mm Hg; 7D: 16.40 ± 4.6 mm Hg). However, the insignificant increase in d and Q from 7D to 28D (d = 7.8 ± 0.8 mm; Q = 2181 ± 378 mL/min) was accompanied by the elevation in Δp (24.6 ± 6.5 mm Hg). The functional diagnostic parameters, R and Cp, decreased from 2D (R = 22.4 ± 2.8 mm Hg/m/s; Cp = 12.0 ± 2.6) to 7D (R = 20.8 ± 2.8 mm Hg/m/s; Cp = 8.1 ± 2.6), and then increased from 7D to 28D (R = 35.5 ± 5.7 mm Hg/m/s; Cp = 17.5 ± 3.6) with a marginal significance. However, when the scaled velocity was used to calculate R* and Cp*, the increase in diagnostic parameters from 7D to 28D achieved statistical significance (P < 0.05). In summary, although the differences in the hemodynamic parameters (d, Q, and Δp) from 7D to 28D were insignificant, changes in their combined effects in the form of diagnostic parameters were significant. Therefore, the functional diagnostic parameters are capable of better distinguishing changes in the hemodynamic variations, and thus, could be promising endpoints to diagnose the functionality of AVFs over time.
Three‐Dimensional Laser Flow Measurements of a Patient‐Specific Fontan Physiology With Mechanical Circulatory Assistance
Authors: Chopski Steven G. , Rangus Owen M. , Downs Emily A. , Moskowitz William B. , Throckmorton Amy L. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractMechanical assistance of the Fontan circulation is hypothesized to enhance ventricular preload and improve cardiac output; however, little is known about the fluid dynamics. This study is the first to investigate the three‐dimensional flow conditions of a blood pump in an anatomic Fontan. Laser measurements were conducted having an axial flow impeller in the inferior vena cava. Experiments were performed for a physiologic cardiac output, pulmonary arterial flows, and pump speeds of 1000–4000 rpm. The impeller had a modest effect on the flow conditions entering the total cavopulmonary connection at low pump speeds, but a substantial impact on the velocity at higher speeds. The higher speeds of the pump disrupted the recirculation region in the center of the anastomosis, which could be advantageous for washout purposes. No retrograde velocities in the superior vena cava were measured. These findings indicate that mechanical assistance is a viable therapeutic option for patients having dysfunctional single ventricle physiology.
Implementing an Innovative Cardiac Assist System in a Nonuniversity Hospital—Feasibility, Complications, and First Results
Authors: Graf Jochen , Radunz Wolfram , Häger Isabell , Fehr Eva‐Marie , Scharpf Dominik , Kuhn Andreas , Maier Jens‐Martin , Hennersdorf Marcus 
Published: April 2015

AbstractTo evaluate the feasibility of implementing a cardiac assist system in a nonuniversity hospital we analyzed 18 consecutive patients treated with venoarterial membrane oxygenation. The system was used electively in 5/18 (27.8%) patients during high‐risk interventions. Thirteen patients (72.2%) were treated in emergency situations. The extracorporal system could be initiated successfully in all patients. Periprocedural complications were hemolysis in 3/18 (16.7%), disseminated intravascular coagulation in 2/18 (11.1%), cerebral ischemia in 1/18 (5.6%), and local infection in 2/18 (11.1%) patients. None of these led to a discontinuation of the therapy. All electively treated patients were successfully weaned from the extracorporeal system. In 9/13 (69.2%) emergency patients the system was removed successfully. The 60‐day survival rate of the emergency patients was 53.8% (7/13). Our experience confirms that an innovative extracorporeal circulatory support system can be implemented in a nonuniversity hospital at a tolerable risk and a low complication and high procedural success rate.
The Frequency and Outcome of Acute Kidney Injury in a Tertiary Hospital: Which Factors Affect Mortality?
Authors: Ulusoy Sukru , Arı Derya , Ozkan Gulsum , Cansız Muammer , Kaynar Kubra 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAcute kidney injury (AKI) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in hospitalized patients. Incidence and mortality rates vary from country to country, and according to different in‐hospital monitoring units and definitions ofAKI. The aim of this study was to determine factors affecting frequency ofAKIand mortality in our hospital. We retrospectively evaluated data for 1550 patients diagnosed withAKIand 788 patients meeting theKidneyDisease:ImprovingGlobalOutcomes (KDIGO) guidelineAKIcriteria out of a total of 174 852 patients hospitalized in our institution betweenJanuary 1, 2007 andDecember 31, 2012. Staging was performed based onKDIGO ClinicalPractice forAcuteKidneyInjury andRIFLE(Risk,Injury,Failure,Loss of kidney function andEnd‐stage renal failure). Demographic and biochemical data were recorded and correlations with mortality were assessed. The frequency ofAKIin our hospital was 0.9%, with an in‐hospital mortality rate of 34.6%. At multivariate analysis, diastolic blood pressure (OR0.89, 95%CI0.87–0.92;P < 0.001), monitoring in the intensive care unit (OR0.18, 95%CI0.09–0.38;P < 0.001), urine output (OR4.00, 95%CI2.03–7.89;P < 0.001), duration of oliguria (OR1.51, 95%CI1.34–1.69;P < 0.001), length of hospitalization (OR0.83, 95%CI0.79–0.88;P < 0.001), dialysis requirement (OR2.30, 95%CI1.12–4.71;P < 0.05),APACHE IIscore (OR1.16, 95%CI1.09–1.24;P < 0.001), and albumin level (OR0.32, 95%CI0.21–0.50;P < 0.001) were identified as independent determinants affecting mortality. Frequency ofAKIand associated mortality rates in our regional reference hospital were compatible with those in the literature. This study shows thatKDIGOcriteria are more sensitive in determiningAKI. Mortality was not correlated with staging based onRIFLEorKDIGO. Nonetheless, our identification of urine output as one of the independent determinants of mortality suggests that this parameter should be used in assessing the correlation between staging and mortality.