bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Outcomes Related to the Level of Clamping in Inferior Vena Cava Surgery
Authors: Jun Heungman , Han Youngjin , Park Hojong , Shin Sung , Cho Yong‐Pil , Kwon Tae‐Won 
Published: January 2015

AbstractObjectiveIn most cases of inferior vena cava (IVC) surgery, IVC clamping is required owing to several factors, including renal cell carcinoma with IVC thrombus extension and IVC leiomyosarcoma. Various clinical results were compared following IVC clamping by classifying clamping levels into juxtarenal, infrahepatic, and suprahepatic. In particular, the risk factors of postoperative thrombosis after IVC clamping were assessed comparatively.MethodsEighty‐four patients who underwent IVC clamping owing to IVC pathology between 2002 and 2012 were retrospectively reviewed with regard to RBC transfusion, operation time, clamping time, liver and kidney functions, duration of hypotension, blood pressure (BP) drops, pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE), venous thrombosis, ICU stay duration, hospital stay duration, 30‐day morbidity, and 30‐day mortality. In addition, various clinical results were compared when postoperative thrombosis occurred after IVC clamping.ResultsValues for operation time, clamping time, units of RBC transfused, duration of hypotension, severity of BP drops, use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), aspartate aminotransferase, the use of inotropes, IVC patency, ICU stay, and hospital stay duration were significantly higher in the suprahepatic clamping group than in the other clamping groups. In addition, CPB use and IVC clamping level were significant risk factors for postoperative thrombosis after IVC clamping.ConclusionsAlthough IVC clamping is a prerequisite for IVC surgery, operative durations, units of RBC transfused, and length of hospital stays increase with higher clamping levels. In addition, CPB use and IVC clamping level are significant risk factors for postoperative thrombosis. In IVC surgery with higher clamping levels, prompt hemodynamic support and proper anticoagulation therapy are important.
Corrosion behavior of the expandable tubular in formation water
Authors: Gao Shu-jun , Dong Chao-fang , Fu An-qing , Xiao Kui , Li Xiao-gang 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The corrosion behavior of expandable tubular materials was investigated in simulated downhole formation water environments using a series of electrochemical techniques. The corrosion morphologies in the real downhole environment after three months of application were also observed by stereology microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that, compared with the unexpanded sample, the area of ferrite increases dramatically after a 7.09% expansion. The expanded material shows a higher corrosion current in the polarization curve and a lower corrosion resistance in the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) plot at every studied temperature. The determined critical pitting temperatures (CPT) before and after expansion are 87.5°C and 79.2°C, respectively. SEM observations demonstrate stress corrosion cracks, and CO2 corrosion and H2S corrosion also occur in the downhole environment. Due to additional defects generated during the plastic deformation, the corrosion performance of the expanded tubing deteriorates.
Effect of intermetallic phases on the anodic oxidation and corrosion of 5A06 aluminum alloy
Authors: Li Song-mei , Li Ying-dong , Zhang You , Liu Jian-hua , Yu Mei 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Intermetallic phases were found to influence the anodic oxidation and corrosion behavior of 5A06 aluminum alloy. Scattered intermetallic particles were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) after pretreatment. The anodic film was investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and its corrosion resistance was analyzed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Tafel polarization in NaCl solution. The results show that the size of Al-Fe-Mg-Mn particles gradually decreases with the iron content. During anodizing, these intermetallic particles are gradually dissolved, leading to the complex porosity in the anodic film beneath the particles. After anodizing, the residual particles are mainly silicon-containing phases, which are embedded in the anodic film. Electrochemical measurements indicate that the porous anodic film layer is easily penetrated, and the barrier plays a dominant role in the overall protection. Meanwhile, self-healing behavior is observed during the long immersion time.
Developmental changes in hypothalamic oxytocin and oxytocin receptor mRNA expression and their sensitivity to fasting in male and female rats
Authors: Matsuzaki Toshiya , Iwasa Takeshi , Munkhzaya Munkhsaikhan , Tungalagsuvd Altankhuu , Kawami Takako , Murakami Masahiro , Yamasaki Mikio , Yamamoto Yuri , Kato Takeshi , Kuwahara Akira , Yasui Toshiyuki , Irahara Minoru 
Published: January 2015

AbstractOxytocin (OT) affects the central nervous system and is involved in a variety of social and non‐social behaviors. Recently, the role played by OT in energy metabolism and its organizational effects on estrogen receptor alpha (ER‐α) during the neonatal period have gained attention. In this study, the developmental changes in the hypothalamic mRNA levels of OT, the OT receptor (OTR), and ER‐α were evaluated in male and female rats. In addition, the fasting‐induced changes in the hypothalamic mRNA levels of OT and the OTR were evaluated. Hypothalamic explants were taken from postnatal day (PND) 10, 20, and 30 rats, and the mRNA level of each molecule was measured. Hypothalamic OT mRNA expression increased throughout the developmental period in both sexes. The rats' hypothalamic OTR mRNA levels were highest on PND 10 and decreased throughout the developmental period. In the male rats, the hypothalamic mRNA levels of ER‐α were higher on PND 30 than on PND 10. On the other hand, no significant differences in hypothalamic ER‐α mRNA expression were detected among the examined time points in the female rats, although hypothalamic ER‐α mRNA expression tended to be higher on PND 30 than on PND 10. Significant positive correlations were detected between hypothalamic OT and ER‐α mRNA expression in both the male and female rats. Hypothalamic OT mRNA expression was not affected by fasting at any of the examined time points in either sex. These results indicate that hypothalamic OT expression is not sensitive to fasting during the developmental period. In addition, as a positive correlation was detected between hypothalamic OT and ER‐α mRNA expression, these two molecules might interact with each other to induce appropriate neuronal development.
Analysis of neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio as a prognostic element in the response to neoadjuvant therapy in rectal cancer
Authors: Polli Leonardo Vieira , Pinho Mauro 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Introduction The previous radio-chemotherapy approach is highly relevant in the management of rectal cancer, collaborating on organ functional preservation, being performed prior to surgery. The inflammatory response plays an important role in this treatment.
Objective It consists in correlating the number of peripheral lymphocytes and the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio in the peripheral blood with tumor response to neoadjuvant therapy.
Methods Review of medical records of patients with rectal cancer in HMSJ and HSJ Oncology Services since 2009 – cases submitted to neoadjuvant treatment with radio-chemotherapy.
Results Of those 96 patients with this disease who underwent neoadjuvant therapy with radio-chemotherapy, 35 patients were eligible; complete tumor response was observed in 11 cases (31%), and 9 were submitted to surgical treatment. Comparing the leukocyte parameters between patients with complete response (CR) and incomplete response (IR) the following values were observed: total number of leukocytes (mean) CR 7390.9 × IR 7220.4 (p = 0.8); total lymphocytes CR 2103 × IR 1960.9 (p = 0.4); neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio CR 3.55 × IR 3.79 (p = 0.5). The mean radiotherapy dose was 49.1 Gy, with CR 47.3 × IR 50.0 (p = 0.06).
Conclusion It was not possible to demonstrate in this study a significant relationship between complete tumor response to neoadjuvant therapy with respect to blood leukocyte parameters analyzed.
Anal fistula surgery in an outpatient setting: the Dubai experience
Authors: Hazim Wessam , Al-Ozaibi Labib , Azam Hadiel , Al-Mazrouei Alya , Al-Badri Faisal 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Aim To determine whether surgery for transsphincteric and complex fistula-in-ano can be performed safely as a day case.
Method This is a retrospective study of 66 patients with transsphincteric and complex anal fistulas, initially managed with preliminary loose Seton followed by fistulectomy and sphincter repair 2–4 months later between March 2011 and March 2014. Patients were seen at the clinic 1 week, 3 months and 1 year post-operatively and were observed for complications and recurrences; incontinence was noted down and was graded according to the Cleveland Clinic score.
Result Twenty-five patients (38%) had high or complex fistulas and 32 (48.5%) had a history of previous surgery. All cases were done in an outpatient setting. The Seton was kept in situ for 2–5 months (2.6 months) followed by fistulectomy and sphincter repair. Complete healing was achieved within approximately 3.6 weeks (2–8 weeks). Fifty-one patients were followed up successfully for one year. Two patients had temporary flatus incontinence which had resolved over 2–3 months. Recurrence had occurred in 2 (3.9%) patients.
Conclusion Transsphincteric and complex fistulas can safely be operated on as day case surgeries with high patient satisfaction and less complication in the population we studied.
Surgical complications and metachronous rectal cancer risk in patients with classic familial adenomatous polyposis
Authors: Stevanato Filho Paulo Roberto , Aguiar Samuel , Ferreira Fábio O. , Nakagawa Wilson T. , Spencer Ranyell M. , Takahashi Renata M. , Bezerra Tiago S. , Lopes Ademar 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Introduction Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), an autosomal dominant disease characterized by development of numerous adenomatous polyps in the colon and rectum, is caused by germline mutations in the Adenomatous Polyposis Coli (APC) gene.
Methods To determine the surgical morbidity in patients with classical familial adenomatous polyposis and determine the incidence of metachronous colorectal cancer (CRC) in those undergoing total colectomy (TC) with ileorectal anastomosis or restorative total proctocolectomy (TPC) and ileal pouch anal anastomosis. We analyzed patients with familial adenomatous polyposis who received treatment and regular follow-up at the A.C. Camargo Cancer Center from 1994 to 2013.
Results Operative complications occurred in 22 patients (34.3%), 16 (25%) being early complications and 8 (12.5%) late complications. No mortality occurred as a result of postoperative complications. The incidence of metachronous rectal cancer after total proctocolectomy was 2.3% and after total colectomy 18.18% (p = 0.044).
Conclusions In order to provide better quality of life for individuals with familial adenomatous polyposis, total colectomy is commonly offered, as this simple technique is traditionally associated with lower rates of postoperative complications and better functional outcomes. However, it has become a less attractive technique in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis in its classical or diffuse form, since it has a significantly higher probability of metachronous rectal cancer.
Endoscopic pilonidal sinus treatment (E.P.Si.T.): a minimally invasive approach
Authors: Mendes Carlos Ramon Silveira , Ferreira Luciano Santana de Miranda , Sapucaia Ricardo Aguiar , Lima Meyline Andrade 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Introduction The pilonidal cyst is a chronic inflammatory process that occurs frequently in the sacrococcygeal region. It is more common in males with a ratio of 3:1 and usually presents itself in the third decade of life. The treatment is mainly surgical with various forms. The search for new technologies as well as for a minimally invasive treatment has become of utmost importance in surgical routines. The technique E.P.Si.T. (endoscopic treatment of pilonidal cyst) developed by Meneiro has been quite interesting in the treatment of pilonidal cysts.
Surgical technique Anesthetized the patient in the supine position. Identified the drainage hole of the cyst, and began with the passage of fistuloscope studying the path of the cyst. Performs following the removal of all the tissue inside as the hair followed by cauterization of the path. Removed all devitalized tissue and enlargement of the opening of the cyst.
TESTIMONY, PRAGMATICS, AND PLAUSIBLE DENIABILITY
Authors: Peet Andrew 
Published: January 2015

AbstractI outline what I call the ‘deniability problem’, explain why it is problematic, and identify the range of utterances to which it applies (using religious discourse as an example). The problem is as follows: To assign content to many utterances audiences must rely on their contextual knowledge. This generates a lot of scope for error. Thus, speakers are able to make assertions and deny responsibility for the proposition asserted, claiming that the audience made a mistake. I outline the problem (a limited version of which Fricker 2012 discusses), before explaining why it is problematic. Firstly it blocks testimonial knowledge according to assurance views. Secondly it prevents epistemic buck passing (the importance of which is emphasized by Goldberg 2006 and McMyler 2013). Finally, it removes a key disincentive to dishonesty. The recent literature on context sensitivity (particularly Cappelen and Lepore 2004) seems to entail that the problem applies to a very wide range of utterances. I consider a series of responses which fail to provide a solution, but which help us narrow down the scope of the problem.
Experimental and theoretical study of wave–current turbulent boundary layers
Authors: Yuan Jing , Madsen Ole S. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAn experimental study of turbulent wave–current boundary layer flows is performed using a state-of-the-art oscillating water tunnel (OWT) for flow generation and a particle image velocimetry system for velocity measurements. The current velocity profiles in the presence of sinusoidal waves indicate a two-log-profile structure suggested by the widely-used Grant–Madsen model. However, for weak currents in the presence of nonlinear waves, the two-log-profile structure is contaminated or even totally obliterated by the boundary layer streaming which is produced by the asymmetry of turbulence in successive half-periods of nonlinear waves. To interpret experimental results, a semi-analytical model which adopts a rigorous way to account for a time-varying turbulent eddy viscosity is developed. The model can accurately predict turbulence asymmetry streaming, which leads to successful predictions of the mean velocity embedded in nonlinear-wave tests and the current velocity profiles in the presence of either sinusoidal or nonlinear waves. Since the Longuet-Higgins-type streaming due to wave propagation is absent in OWT flows and not included in the semi-analytical model, future work is necessary to extend this study for applications in the coastal environment.
Dynamic model of milk production responses to grass-based diet variations during grazing and indoor housing
Authors: JACQUOT A. -L. , DELABY L. , POMIÉS D. , BRUNSCHWIG G. , BAUMONT R. 
Published: January 2015

SUMMARYDairy cow systems based on grassland utilization are characterized by a variation of harvested forage quality from 1 year to another and a fluctuation of grass availability and quality during the pasture season. Consequently, the energy supplied by the diet – i.e., concentrates plus hay or silage in winter and grazing in summer, may not always match animal requirements. A modelling approach enables a representation of the complex relationships between the cow and pasture as they interact. A dynamic model of intake and milk production, focused on grassland utilization by the dairy cow, has been developed. The model operates in a deterministic fashion with a daily time step and is capable of dealing with a day-to-day variation in grass availability and quality at grazing as well as a constant feeding regime during the winter. The model has been built based on the theory that milk production is a result of (i) the energy requirements defined by the potential milk production and physiological status of dairy cows; (ii) the variation of energy supply by the diet; (iii) the ability of dairy cows to mobilize or store body reserves. The model was validated by comparing milk production predictions with experimental data (two groups of dairy cows in the winter time and one group at grazing). The model demonstrates a satisfactory range of accuracy (root-mean-square deviation equal to 1·8, 2·1 and 1·4 kg/cow/day). Model validations indicate that milk production predictions are sensitive to the diet offered (forage, grass and concentrate supply) and depend on dairy cow characteristics and their requirements (pMP). This model can be connected to a grass growth model in order to develop whole farm simulations.
Effect of storage conditions on losses and crop utilization of nitrogen from solid cattle manure
Authors: SHAH G. M. , SHAH G. A. , GROOT J. C. J. , OENEMA O. , RAZA A. S. , LANTINGA E. A. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryThe objectives of the present study were to quantify the effects of contrasting methods for storing solid cattle manure on: (i) total carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) balances during storage, and (ii) crop apparent N recovery (ANR) following manure application to arable land, with maize as a test crop. Portions of 10 t of fresh solid cattle manure were stored for 5 months during 2009/10 in three replicates as: (i) stockpiled heaps, (ii) roofed heaps, (iii) covered heaps and (iv) turned heaps at Wageningen University, the Netherlands. Surface emissions of ammonia (NH3), nitrous oxide (N2O), carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) were measured regularly using a static flux chamber connected to a photo-acoustic gas monitor. Total C and N losses during storage were determined through the mass balance method. After storage, the manures were surface-applied and incorporated into a sandy soil, and maize ANR was measured as a proportion of both N applied to the field (ANRF) and N collected from the barn (ANRB).During the storage period, the average losses of initial total N (Ntotal) were 6% from the covered, 12% from the roofed, 21% from the stockpiled and 33% from the turned heaps. Of the total N losses, 2–9% was lost as NH3-N, 1–4% as N2O-N and 16–32% through leaching. However, the greatest part of the total N loss from the four storage methods was unaccounted for and constituted in all probability of harmless dinitrogen gas. Of the initial C content,c. 13, 14, 17 and 22% was lost from the covered, stockpiled, roofed and turned heaps, respectively. Maize ANRFwas highest from covered (39% of the applied N) followed by roofed (31%), stockpiled (29%) and turned manure (20%). The respective values in case of maize ANRBwere 37, 27, 23 and 13%. It is concluded that from a viewpoint of on-farm N recycling the storage of solid cattle manure under an impermeable plastic cover is much better than traditional stockpiling or turning heaps in the open air.
Disabling hearing impairment in the Bangladeshi population
Authors: Tarafder K H , Akhtar N , Zaman M M , Rasel M A , Bhuiyan M R , Datta P G 
Published: January 2015

AbstractObjective:This study aimed to determine the prevalence of hearing impairment in Bangladeshi people of all ages.Methods:A nationally representative cross-sectional survey was carried out in 2013. A total of 4260 subjects (1774 males and 2486 females), with a mean age of 32 years, participated. Hearing impairment was determined by pure tone audiometry and otoacoustic emissions testing.Results:Disabling hearing loss (greater than 40 dB loss in adults, and greater than 30 dB loss in children younger than 15 years, in their better hearing ears) was present in 9.6 per cent (95 per cent confidence interval, 8.5–10.8 per cent) of the respondents. Hearing loss was more prevalent in socio-economically deprived people and in those older than 60 years. Multiple logistic regression analysis identified age, socio-economic deprivation, family history, impacted ear wax, chronic suppurative otitis media, otitis media with effusion, and otitis externa as the significant predictors of disabling hearing loss.Conclusion:Deafness prevention should focus mainly on chronic suppurative otitis media, otitis media with effusion, and impacted ear wax prevention, integrated within the primary healthcare system and addressing the equity issue.
Maternal depressive symptoms throughout pregnancy are associated with increased placental glucocorticoid sensitivity
Authors: Reynolds R. M. , Pesonen A.-K. , O'Reilly J. R. , Tuovinen S. , Lahti M. , Kajantie E. , Villa P. M. , Laivuori H. , Hämäläinen E. , Seckl J. R. , Räikkönen K. 
Published: January 2015

BackgroundMaternal prenatal depression predicts post-partum depression and increases risk of prematurity and low birth weight. These effects may be mediated by altered placental function. We hypothesized that placental function would be influenced by the gestational week of experiencing depressive symptoms and aimed to examine associations between maternal depressive symptoms during pregnancy and placental expression of genes involved in glucocorticoid and serotonin transfer between mother and fetus.MethodWe studied women participating in a prospective pregnancy cohort: the Prediction and Prevention of Preeclampsia (PREDO) Study, Helsinki, Finland. Maternal depressive symptoms were assessed at 2-week intervals throughout pregnancy in 56 healthy women with singleton, term pregnancies. Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) levels of glucocorticoid (GR) and mineralocorticoid (MR) receptors and serotonin transporter (SLC6A4), 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (HSD1) and 2 (HSD2) were quantified in placental biopsies.ResultsIn adjusted analyses women who reported higher depressive symptoms across the whole pregnancy had higher mRNA levels of GR [effect size 0.31 s.d. units, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.01–0.60, p = 0.042] and MR (effect size 0.34 s.d. units, 95% CI 0.01–0.68, p = 0.047). These effects were significant for symptoms experienced in the third trimester of pregnancy for GR; findings for MR were also significant for symptoms experienced in the second trimester. GR and MR mRNA levels increased linearly by having the trimester-specific depressive symptoms scores 0, 1 or 2–3 times above the clinical cut-off for depression (p = 0.003, p = 0.049, respectively, and p = 0.004, p = 0.15 in adjusted analyses).ConclusionsOur findings offer potential gestational-age-specific mechanisms linking maternal depressive symptoms during pregnancy via placental biology. Future studies will test whether these also link with adverse offspring outcomes.