bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LC‐MS based metabolomics identification of novel biomarkers of tobacco smoke‐induced chronic bronchitis
Authors: Ren Xiaolei , Zhang Jiayu , Fu Xiaorui , Ma Shuangshuang , Wang Chunguo , Wang Juan , Tian Simin , Liu Siqi , Zhao Baosheng , Wang Xueyong 
Published: September 2015

AbstractTobacco smoke (TS) is a major causative agent to lead to chronic bronchitis (CB). However the mechanisms of CB induced by TS are unclear. In this report, rats were exposed to different concentrations of TS and the metabolic features of CB were characterized by using a nontargeted metabolic profiling method based on liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC‐MS) to detect the altered metabolic patterns in serum from CB rats and investigate the mechanisms of CB. 11 potential biomarkers were identified in serum of rats. Among them, the levels of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (18:1), lysophosphatidic acid (18:1), lysophosphatidylethanolamine (18:0), lysophosphatidylethanolamine (16:0), lysophosphatidylethanolamine (20:4), docosahexaenoic acid, 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid and 5′‐carboxy‐γ‐tocopherol were higher in TS group compared to control group. Conversely, the levels of 4‐imidazolone‐5‐propionic acid, 12‐hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid and uridine were lower in TS group. The results indicated that the mechanism of CB was related to amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism, particularly lipid metabolism. In addition, lysophosphatidylethanolamines were proved to be important mediators, which could be used as biomarkers to diagnose CB. These results also suggested that metabolomics was suitable for diagnosing CB and elucidating the possible metabolic pathways of TS‐induced CB. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prédiction de l'enthalpie et de l'entropie de vaporisation normale par la méthode de contribution de groupes avec interactions des hydrocarbures purs, mélanges simples et fractions pétrolières
Authors: Rebas Ouardia , Boutra Belkacem , Skander Nachida , Chitour Chems Eddine 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe objective of this study is the establishment of new correlations based on the principle of contribution of groups with intramolecular interactions for the prediction of the enthalpy of normal vaporization, and the entropy of normal vaporization of pure hydrocarbons belonging to various families : n‐paraffins, iso‐paraffins, alkenes, aromatics, and naphthenes. We compared our correlation to the other methods in the literature and obtained a good reliability.We tested these new correlations on mixtures of pure substances of known compositions. We have also tried our correlation with light, average, and heavy oil fractions. The results obtained are acceptable compared to the literature.
Monitoring and improving performance in human–computer interaction
Authors: Carneiro Davide , Pimenta André , Gonçalves Sérgio , Neves José , Novais Paulo 
Published: September 2015

SummaryMonitoring an individual's performance in a task, especially in the workplace context, is becoming an increasingly interesting and controversial topic in a time in which workers are expected to produce more, better and faster. The tension caused by this competitiveness, together with the pressure of monitoring, may not work in favour of the organization's objectives. In this paper, we present an innovative approach on the problem of performance management. We build on the fact that computers are nowadays used as major work tools in many workplaces to devise a non‐invasive method for distributed performance monitoring based on the observation of the worker's interaction with the computer. We then look at musical selection both as a pleasant and as an effective method for improving performance in the workplace. The proposed approach will allow team coordinators to assess and manage their co‐workers' performance continuously and in real‐time, using a distributed service‐based architecture. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A scalable framework for continuous query evaluations over multidimensional, scientific datasets
Authors: Tolooee Cameron , Malensek Matthew , Pallickara Sangmi Lee 
Published: September 2015

SummaryEfficient access to voluminous multidimensional datasets is essential for scientific applications. Fast evolving datasets present unique challenges during retrievals. Keeping data up‐to‐date can be expensive and may involve the following: repeated data queries, excessive data movements, and redundant data preprocessing. This paper focuses on the issue of efficient manipulation of query results in cases where the dataset is continuously evolving. Our approach provides an automated and scalable tracking and caching mechanism to evaluate continuous queries over data stored in a distributed storage system. We have designed and developed a distributed updatable cache that ensures the query output to contain the most recent data arrivals. We have developed a dormant cache framework to address strains on caching capacity due to intensive memory requirements. The data to be stored in the dormant cache are selected using the cached continuous query scheduling algorithm that we have designed and developed. This approach is evaluated in the context of Galileo, our distributed data storage framework. This paper includes an empirical evaluation performed on Amazon Web Services' cluster and a private cluster. Our performance benchmarks demonstrate the efficacy of our approach. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Towards an autonomous decentralized orchestration system
Authors: Jaradat Ward , Dearle Alan , Barker Adam 
Published: September 2015

SummaryOrchestrating workflows needed for modern scientific data analysis presents a significant research challenge: they are typically executed in a centralized manner such that all data pass through a single compute server known as the engine, which causes unnecessary network traffic that leads to a performance bottleneck. This paper presents a scalable decentralized orchestration system that relies on a functional, high‐level data coordination language for executing workflows. This system consists of distributed execution engines, each of which is responsible for executing part of the overall workflow. It exploits parallelism in the workflow by partitioning it into smaller sub‐workflows and determines the most appropriate engines to execute them using network resource monitoring and placement analysis. This permits the computation logic of the workflow to be moved towards the services providing the data, which improves the overall execution time. The system supports data‐driven execution that allows each sub‐workflow to be executed as soon as the data needed for its execution become available from other sources. Therefore, a scheduling mechanism is not required to manage the order in which the sub‐workflows are orchestrated. This paper provides an evaluation of the proposed system, which demonstrates that decentralized orchestration provides scalability over centralized orchestration. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Repairing multiple failures adaptively with erasure codes in distributed storage systems
Authors: Pei Xiaoqiang , Wang Yijie , Ma Xingkong , Xu Fangliang 
Published: September 2015

SummaryRepairs of multiple failures in distributed storage systems have posed the challenges for erasure coding: how to minimize the repair time with the least extra repair network traffic cost. However, existing repair schemes designed for single failure suffer from the high network traffic cost due to the serial repairs for multiple failures. Repair schemes designed for multiple failures suffer from long repair time due to the centralized repair structure. In this paper, we propose a decentralized adaptive repair scheme, called DARS, to minimize the repair time with the least extra network traffic cost. Specially, we propose a three‐layer repair model to support the repairs for both the single and multiple failures. For low repair time, a bandwidth‐aware node selection technique is proposed to guide the selection of nodes, and a line‐structured data transmission technique is proposed to organize the data transmission between the providers and the newcomer. For the least extra network traffic cost, a core‐based data distribution technique is proposed to organize the data transmission between the coordinator and other newcomers, and an intersection provider adjustment technique is proposed to adaptively adjust the number of intersection providers. Moreover, we adopt the ‘lazy repair’ within a stripe to further reduce the repair network traffic cost. We implement and evaluate DARS on our raid distributed storage system under various parameter settings with 30 physical machines and 200 virtual machines. Experimental results confirm that DARS reduces the repair time by 29% and 55% on average compared with tree‐structured repair and CORE, respectively. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Romanowsky staining using liquid‐based cytology: A pilot study using Cytolyt®/HESPANDER® processing solution for ThinPrep® preparations
Authors: Kinoshita Yuichi , Yuri Takashi , Yoshizawa Katsuhiko , Takasu Kosho , Emoto Yuko , Tsubura Airo , Shikata Nobuaki 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundLiquid‐based cytology (LBC) has been used to prepare and examine many types of samples. However, the use of Romanowsky stains for LBC has not yet been evaluated. Herein, we report a technique for the use of the Romanowsky May–Grünwald–Giemsa (MGG) stain using a ThinPrep® preparation technique (MGG‐LBC).MethodsKPL‐1 breast cancer cells at a density of 1.25 × 105/20 ml were compared in conventional smear and MGG‐LBC preparations. Cell size, nucleus/cytoplasm (N/C) ratio, and morphological findings were investigated. Clinical samples including voided urine and pleural effusion were also examined in MGG‐LBC preparations.ResultsCellularity appeared lower with MGG‐LBC compared with Papanicolaou‐stained smears using the ThinPrep® method, though the cell size and N/C ratio showed similar tendencies. Reactive mesothelial cells, normal urothelial cells, urothelial carcinoma cells, crystals, and bacteria were all clear enough for diagnostic purposes after MGG‐LBC.ConclusionRomanowsky staining is necessary for the cytodiagnosis of some conditions. MGG‐LBC may contribute to the cytodiagnostic results using LBC preparations. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2015;43:960–965. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A personal journey with bioactive lipids
Authors: Hannun Yusuf A. 
Published: September 2015

The concept of lipids acting as signaling and regulatory molecules is now taken for granted. However 3–4 decades ago, this was a rather unthinkable proposition even though the “writing was on the wall” since at least the 1950s. Here, I summarize briefly key historical landmarks in the evolution of the field of bioactive lipids and then describe studies from my group over 3 decades, focusing on the contemporaneous development of understanding of bioactive sphingolipids.Lipid‐based signaling modules. A stimulus (e.g., in the form of a receptor ligand) provides the Input whereas a regulated enzyme is the transducer of the input. There are at least 30 distinct enzymes (products of distinct genes) involved in regulating the levels of the key bioactive sphingolipids. The lipid product, through interaction with distinct targets, provides the Output in this simplest formulation of lipid‐mediated signaling. The diversity of bioactive sphingolipids, especially with the 2 dozen enzymes involved in ceramide generation and the more than 100 distinct ceramides, provides for unprecedented specialization and richness of sphingolipid‐mediated cell regulation.
Spatial and temporal trends in contaminant concentrations in Hexagenia nymphs following a coal ash spill at the Tennessee Valley Authority's Kingston Fossil Plant
Authors: Smith John G. , Baker Tyler F. , Murphy Cheryl A. , Jett R. Trent 
Published: September 2015

Abstract

A dike failure at the Tennessee Valley Authority Kingston Fossil Plant in East Tennessee, United States, in December 2008, released approximately 4.1 million m3 of coal ash into the Emory River. From 2009 through 2012, samples of mayfly nymphs (Hexagenia bilineata) were collected each spring from sites in the Emory, Clinch, and Tennessee Rivers upstream and downstream of the spill. Samples were analyzed for 17 metals. Concentrations of metals were generally highest the first 2 miles downstream of the spill, and then decreased with increasing distance from the spill. Arsenic, B, Ba, Be, Mo, Sb, Se, Sr, and V appeared to have strong ash signatures, whereas Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Pb appeared to be associated with ash and other sources. However, the concentrations for most of these contaminants were modest and are unlikely to cause widespread negative ecological effects. Trends in Hg, Cd, and Zn suggested little (Hg) or no (Cd, Zn) association with ash. Temporal trends suggested that concentrations of ash-related contaminants began to subside after 2010, but because of the limited time period of that analysis (4 yr), further monitoring is needed to verify this trend. The present study provides important information on the magnitude of contaminant exposure to aquatic receptors from a major coal ash spill, as well as spatial and temporal trends for transport of the associated contaminants in a large open watershed. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:1159–1171. Published 2015 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
A microcosm study to support aquatic risk assessment of nickel: Community-level effects and comparison with bioavailability-normalized species sensitivity distributions
Authors: Hommen Udo , Knopf Burkhard , Rüdel Heinz , Schäfers Christoph , De Schamphelaere Karel , Schlekat Chris , Garman Emily Rogevich 
Published: September 2015

Abstract

The aquatic risk assessment for nickel (Ni) in the European Union is based on chronic species sensitivity distributions and the use of bioavailability models. To test whether a bioavailability-based safe threshold of Ni (the hazardous concentration for 5% of species [HC5]) is protective for aquatic communities, microcosms were exposed to 5 stable Ni treatments (6–96 μg/L) and a control for 4 mo to assess bioaccumulation and effects on phytoplankton, periphyton, zooplankton, and snails. Concentrations of Ni in the periphyton, macrophytes, and snails measured at the end of the exposure period increased in a dose-dependent manner but did not indicate biomagnification. Abundance of phytoplankton and snails decreased in 48 μg Ni/L and 96 μg Ni/L treatments, which may have indirectly affected the abundance of zooplankton and periphyton. Exposure up to 24 μg Ni/L had no adverse effects on algae and zooplankton, whereas the rate of population decline of the snails at 24 μg Ni/L was significantly higher than in the controls. Therefore, the study-specific overall no-observed-adverse-effect concentration (NOAEC) is 12 μg Ni/L. This NOAEC is approximately twice the HC5 derived from a chronic species sensitivity distribution considering the specific water chemistry of the microcosm by means of bioavailability models. Thus, the present study provides support to the protectiveness of the bioavailability-normalized HC5 for freshwater communities. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:1172–1182. © 2015 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.
Reduced prefrontal oxygenation in mild cognitive impairment during memory retrieval
Authors: Uemura Kazuki , Shimada Hiroyuki , Doi Takehiko , Makizako Hyuma , Tsutsumimoto Kota , Park Hyuntae , Suzuki Takao 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundMemory impairment is considered a hallmark of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and dementia. Emerging evidence suggests that the prefrontal lobe is required to maintain memory functions. The purpose of this study was to clarify whether older adults with aMCI have decreased prefrontal oxygenation during memory encoding and retrieval compared with age‐matched healthy older adults, using multi‐channel near‐infrared spectroscopy.MethodsWe examined 64 older adults with aMCI (mean 71.8 years) and 66 cognitively healthy control subjects comparable in age and gender (mean 71.7 years). The concentration of oxy‐hemoglobin, which is a reliable biomarker of changes in regional cerebral blood flow, was measured in the prefrontal cortex during encoding and delayed retrieval of a list of 10 target words. Task performance was evaluated as average number of correct answers in the retrieval task.ResultsSubjects with aMCI showed reduced activation in the bilateral dorsolateral cortex (approximately Brodmann area 9) and provided fewer correct answers in the retrieval period than control subjects. There were no significant differences during encoding.ConclusionsReduced activation in the dorsolateral cortex during retrieval may cause deficits in memory performance, which may be used as a marker of aMCI. Further studies are required to examine the predictive validity of this decreased activation pattern for the incidence of Alzheimer's disease. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Properties of the Dialectical Behavior Therapy Ways of Coping Checklist in a Diagnostically Diverse Partial Hospital Sample
Authors: Stein Aliza T. , Hearon Bridget A. , Beard Courtney , Hsu Kean J. , Björgvinsson Thröstur 
Published: September 2015

ObjectiveDialectical behavior therapy (DBT) was developed for treatment of borderline personality disorder (BPD), and adapted forms of DBT are currently used to treat bipolar disorder, eating disorders, anxiety, and depression. This study was designed to validate the Dialectical Behavior Therapy Ways of Coping Checklist (DBT‐WCCL) DBT Skills subscale (DSS) for use in a diagnostically heterogeneous sample.MethodWe used naturalistic data from 228 patients receiving treatment at a partial hospital program to assess psychometric properties of the DBT‐WCCL DSS. We assessed interitem correlations, internal consistency, factor structure, construct validity and sensitivity to change.ResultsInternal consistency, construct validity, and sensitivity to change were good. The measure displayed good convergent and discriminant validity. Factor analysis results were consistent with previous research indicating a 1‐factor solution for this subscale.ConclusionsPsychometric properties were similar to the original BPD sample, indicating that this measure can be used as an assessment tool for DBT skill use in a diverse psychiatric population.
Population Pharmacokinetics of Rifampicin in Chinese Patients With Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Jing Ying , Zhu Li Qin , Yang Jian Wei , Huang Shu Ping , Wang Qian , Zhang Jie 
Published: September 2015

AbstractRifampicin (RIF) induces cytochrome P450, which in turn catalyzes drug metabolism; however, pharmacokinetic studies on this phenomenon in the Chinese population, especially in the context of disease, are limited. Therefore, we sought to establish population‐based pharmacokinetic models of RIF in a Chinese population with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Clinical data were retrospectively collected from 54 patients with pulmonary TB and analyzed alongside RIF blood levels from 95 samples collected prior to RIF administration and between 2 and 12 hours after treatment. HPLC was used to measure serum RIF concentrations. A nonlinear mixed model used to characterize RIF pharmacokinetics and the data generated from the present study were validated using a bootstrap method. Covariates, including demographics, as well as hematological and biological indicators were analyzed. We observed a 1‐compartment model with first‐order absorption. Typical population values of apparent clearance (CL/F) and apparent volume of distribution (VD/F) were 4.02 L/h and 57.8 L, respectively. No covariate significantly changed the parameters of CL/F and VD. The present study may serve as a foundation for individualized therapy and offer a basis for pharmacokinetic‐pharmacodynamic (PK‐PD) analysis.
Mobile Vacuum in Pocket Format
Authors: Schneider André , Gumenyuk Andrey , Rethmeier Michael 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe presented apparatus enables laser beam welding of thick materials under local reduced pressure conditions, thus improving the quality of welds and reducing the laser beam power necessary for complete penetration welding. The vacuum cap presented in this article uses a local reduced ambient pressure environment in a tight zone around the welding area and, in contrast to a conventional vacuum chamber, it is movable in the welding direction. The mobile installation is very compact and reaches pressure values of around 200 mbar. The reduced pressure in the vacuum cap is sufficient to generate 50 % higher penetration depth in comparison to welding under ambient pressure conditions. The low pressure around the keyhole reduces the vapour‐plasma plume and therefore prevents a defocusing and scattering of the laser radiation. This allows to raise the amount of laser beam power entering the keyhole as well as the effective power density.
The modulating effect of light intensity on the response of the coccolithophore Gephyrocapsa oceanica to ocean acidification
Authors: Zhang Yong , Bach Lennart T. , Schulz Kai G. , Riebesell Ulf 
Published: September 2015

AbstractGlobal change leads to a multitude of simultaneous modifications in the marine realm among which shoaling of the upper mixed layer, leading to enhanced surface layer light intensities, as well as increased carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration are some of the most critical environmental alterations for phytoplankton. In this study, we investigated the responses of growth, photosynthetic carbon fixation and calcification of the coccolithophore Gephyrocapsa oceanica to elevated
(51 Pa, 105 Pa, and 152 Pa) (1 Pa ≈ 10 μatm) at a variety of light intensities (50–800 μmol photons m−2 s−1). By fitting the light response curve, our results showed that rising
reduced the maximum rates for growth, photosynthetic carbon fixation and calcification. Increasing light intensity enhanced the sensitivity of these rate responses to
, and shifted the
optima toward lower levels. Combining the results of this and a previous study (Sett et al. ) on the same strain indicates that both limiting low
and inhibiting high
levels (this study) induce similar responses, reducing growth, carbon fixation and calcification rates of G. oceanica. At limiting low light intensities the
optima for maximum growth, carbon fixation and calcification are shifted toward higher levels. Interacting effects of simultaneously occurring environmental changes, such as increasing light intensity and ocean acidification, need to be considered when trying to assess metabolic rates of marine phytoplankton under future ocean scenarios.