bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of Burst Suppression Patterns in EEG Using Recurrence Rate
Authors: Liang Zhenhu , Wang Yinghua , Ren Yongshao , Li Duan , Voss Logan , Sleigh Jamie , Li Xiaoli 
Published: April 2014

Burst suppression is a unique electroencephalogram (EEG) pattern commonly seen in cases of severely reduced brain activity such as overdose of general anesthesia. It is important to detect burst suppression reliably during the administration of anesthetic or sedative agents, especially for cerebral-protective treatments in various neurosurgical diseases. This study investigates recurrent plot (RP) analysis for the detection of the burst suppression pattern (BSP) in EEG. The RP analysis is applied to EEG data containing BSPs collected from 14 patients. Firstly we obtain the best selection of parameters for RP analysis. Then, the recurrence rate (RR), determinism (DET), and entropy (ENTR) are calculated. Then RR was selected as the best BSP index one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multiple comparison tests. Finally, the performance of RR analysis is compared with spectral analysis, bispectral analysis, approximate entropy, and the nonlinear energy operator (NLEO). ANOVA and multiple comparison tests showed that the RR could detect BSP and that it was superior to other measures with the highest sensitivity of suppression detection (96.49%, P=0.03). Tracking BSP patterns is essential for clinical monitoring in critically ill and anesthetized patients. The purposed RR may provide an effective burst suppression detector for developing new patient monitoring systems.
E2F1 Responds to Ultraviolet Radiation by Directly Stimulating DNA Repair and Suppressing Carcinogenesis
Authors: Biswas Anup Kumar , Mitchell David L. , Johnson David G. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
In response to DNA damage, the E2F1 transcription factor is phosphorylated at serine 31 (serine 29 in mouse) by the ATM or ATR kinases, which promotes E2F1 protein stabilization. Phosphorylation of E2F1 also leads to the recruitment of E2F1 to sites of DNA damage, where it functions to enhance DNA repair. To study the role of this E2F1 phosphorylation event in vivo, a knock-in mouse model was generated, in which serine 29 was mutated to alanine. The S29A mutation impairs E2F1 stabilization in response to ultraviolet (UV) radiation and doxorubicin treatment, but has little effect on the expression of E2F target genes. The apoptotic and proliferative responses to acute UV radiation exposure are also similar between wild-type and E2f1S29A/S29A mice. As expected, the S29A mutation prevents E2F1 association with damaged DNA and reduces DNA repair efficiency. Moreover, E2f1S29A/S29A mice display increased sensitivity to UV-induced skin carcinogenesis. This knock-in mouse model thus links the ability of E2F1 to directly promote DNA repair with the suppression of tumor development. Cancer Res; 74(12); 3369–77. ©2014 AACR.
Maternal Smoking and DNA Methylation in Newborns: In Utero Effect or Epigenetic Inheritance?
Authors: Joubert Bonnie R. , Håberg Siri E. , Bell Douglas A. , Nilsen Roy M. , Vollset Stein Emil , Midttun Øivind , Ueland Per Magne , Wu Michael C. , Nystad Wenche , Peddada Shyamal D. , London Stephanie J. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Background: Maternal smoking in pregnancy is associated with adverse health outcomes in children, including cancers; underlying mechanisms may include epigenetic modifications. Using Illumina's 450K array, we previously identified differential DNA methylation related to maternal smoking during pregnancy at 26 CpG sites (CpGs) in 10 genes in newborn cord bloods from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). Whether these methylation signals in newborns reflect in utero exposure only or possibly epigenetic inheritance of smoking-related modifications is unclear.
Methods: We therefore evaluated the impact of the timing of mother's smoking (before or during pregnancy using cotinine measured at 18 weeks gestation), the father's smoking before conception, and the grandmother's smoking during her pregnancy with the mother on methylation at these 26 CpGs in 1,042 MoBa newborns. We used robust linear regression, adjusting for covariates, applying Bonferroni correction.
Results: The strongest and only statistically significant associations were observed for sustained smoking by the mother during pregnancy through at least gestational week 18 (P &lt; 1.6 × 10−5 for all 26 CpGs). We observed no statistically significant differential methylation due to smoking by the mother before pregnancy or that ceased by week 18, father's smoking before conception, or grandmother's smoking while pregnant with the mother.
Conclusions: Differential methylation at these CpGs in newborns seems to reflect sustained in utero exposure rather than epigenetic inheritance.
Impact: Smoking cessation in early pregnancy may negate effects on methylation. Analyses of maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring health outcomes, including cancer, limited to ever smoking might miss true associations. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(6); 1007–17. ©2014 AACR.
Targeting Integrin α6 Stimulates Curative-Type Bone Metastasis Lesions in a Xenograft Model
Authors: Landowski Terry H. , Gard Jaime , Pond Erika , Pond Gerald D. , Nagle Raymond B. , Geffre Christopher P. , Cress Anne E. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Laminin-binding integrin receptors are key mediators of epithelial cell migration and tumor metastasis. Recent studies have demonstrated a role for the α6 integrin (ITGA6/CD49f) in maintaining stem cell compartments within normal bone marrow and in residency of tumors metastatic to bone. In this study, we tested a function-blocking antibody specific for ITGA6, called J8H, to determine if preexisting cancer lesions in bone could be slowed and/or animal survival improved. Human prostate tumors were established by intracardiac injection into male SCID mice and treatment with J8H antibody was initiated after 1 week. Tumor progression was monitored by micro-computed tomography (CT) imaging of skeletal lesions. Animals that received weekly injections of the anti-ITGA6 antibody showed radiographic progression in only 40% of osseous tumors (femur or tibia), compared with control animals, where 80% of the lesions (femur or tibia) showed progression at 5 weeks. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis demonstrated a significant survival advantage for J8H-treated animals. Unexpectedly, CT image analysis revealed an increased proportion of bone lesions displaying a sclerotic rim of new bone formation, encapsulating the arrested lytic lesions in animals that received the anti-ITGA6 antibody treatment. Histopathology of the sclerotic lesions demonstrated well-circumscribed tumor within bone, surrounded by fibrosis. These data suggest that systemic targeting of the ITGA6-dependent function of established tumors in bone may offer a noncytotoxic approach to arrest the osteolytic progression of metastatic prostate cancer, thereby providing a new therapeutic strategy for advanced disease. Mol Cancer Ther; 13(6); 1558–66. ©2014 AACR.
Obligate Progression Precedes Lung Adenocarcinoma Dissemination
Authors: Caswell Deborah R. , Chuang Chen-Hua , Yang Dian , Chiou Shin-Heng , Cheemalavagu Shashank , Kim-Kiselak Caroline , Connolly Andrew , Winslow Monte M. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Despite its clinical importance, very little is known about the natural history and molecular underpinnings of lung cancer dissemination and metastasis. Here, we used a genetically engineered mouse model of metastatic lung adenocarcinoma in which cancer cells are fluorescently marked to determine whether dissemination is an inherent ability or a major acquired phenotype during lung adenocarcinoma metastasis. We find very little evidence for dissemination from oncogenic KRAS-driven hyperplasias or most adenocarcinomas. p53 loss is insufficient to drive dissemination but rather enables rare cancer cells in a small fraction of primary adenocarcinomas to gain alterations that drive dissemination. Molecular characterization of disseminated tumor cells indicates that downregulation of the transcription factor Nkx2-1 precedes dissemination. Finally, we show that metastatic primary tumors possess a highly proliferative subpopulation of cells with characteristics matching those of disseminating cells. We propose that dissemination is a major hurdle during the natural course of lung adenocarcinoma metastasis.
Significance: Because of its aggressively metastatic nature, lung cancer is the top cancer killer of both men and women in the United States. We show that, unlike in other cancer types, lung cancer dissemination is a major initial barrier to metastasis. Our findings provide insight into the effect of p53 deficiency and downregulation of Nkx2-1 during lung adenocarcinoma progression. Cancer Discov; 4(7); 781–9. ©2014 AACR.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 745
Haploinsufficiency of an RB–E2F1–Condensin II Complex Leads to Aberrant Replication and Aneuploidy
Authors: Coschi Courtney H. , Ishak Charles A. , Gallo David , Marshall Aren , Talluri Srikanth , Wang Jianxin , Cecchini Matthew J. , Martens Alison L. , Percy Vanessa , Welch Ian , Boutros Paul C. , Brown Grant W. , Dick Frederick A. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Genome instability is a characteristic of malignant cells; however, evidence for its contribution to tumorigenesis has been enigmatic. In this study, we demonstrate that the retinoblastoma protein, E2F1, and Condensin II localize to discrete genomic locations including major satellite repeats at pericentromeres. In the absence of this complex, aberrant replication ensues followed by defective chromosome segregation in mitosis. Surprisingly, loss of even one copy of the retinoblastoma gene reduced recruitment of Condensin II to pericentromeres and caused this phenotype. Using cancer genome data and gene-targeted mice, we demonstrate that mutation of one copy of RB1 is associated with chromosome copy-number variation in cancer. Our study connects DNA replication and chromosome structure defects with aneuploidy through a dosage-sensitive complex at pericentromeric repeats.
Significance: Genome instability is inherent to most cancers and is the basis for selective killing of cancer cells by genotoxic therapeutics. In this report, we demonstrate that instability can be caused by loss of a single allele of the retinoblastoma gene that prevents proper replication and condensation of pericentromeric chromosomal regions, leading to elevated levels of aneuploidy in cancer. Cancer Discov; 4(7); 840–53. ©2014 AACR.
See related commentary by Hinds, p. 764
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 745
FRETS-VWF73 rather than CBA assay reflects ADAMTS13 proteolytic activity in acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura patients
Authors: Mancini Ilaria , Valsecchi Carla , Lotta Luca Andrea , Deforche Louis , Pontiggia Silvia , Bajetta Mariateresa , Palla Roberta , Vanhoorelbeke Karen , Peyvandi Flora 
Published: April 2014

SummaryCollagen-binding activity (CBA) and FRETS-VWF73 assays are widely adopted methods for the measurement of the plasmatic activity of ADAMTS13, the von Willebrand factor (VWF) cleaving-protease. Accurately assessing the severe deficiency of ADAMTS13 is important in the management of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). However, non-concordant results between the two assays have been reported in a small but relevant percentage of TTP cases. We investigated whether CBA or FRETS-VWF73 assay reflects ADAMTS13 proteolytic activity in acquired TTP patients with non-concordant measurements. Twenty plasma samples with non-concordant ADAMTS13 activity results, <10% using FRETS-VWF73 and ≥20% using CBA, and 11 samples with concordant results, <10% using either FRETS-VWF73 and CBA assays, were analysed. FRETS-VWF73 was performed in the presence of 1.5 M urea. ADAMTS13 activities were also measured under flow conditions and the VWF multimer pattern was defined in order to verify the presence of ultra-large VWF due to ADAMTS13 deficiency. In FRETS-VWF73 assay with 1.5 M urea, ADAMTS13 activity significantly increased in roughly 50% of the samples with non-concordant results, whereas it remained undetectable in all samples with concordant measurements. Under flow conditions, all tested samples showed reduced ADAMTS13 activity. Finally, samples with non-concordant results showed a ratio of high molecular weight VWF multimers higher than normal. Our results support the use of FRETS-VWF73 over CBA assay for the assessment of ADAMTS13 severe deficiency and indicate urea as one cause of the observed differences.
Prestimulus Neural Oscillations Inhibit Visual Perception via Modulation of Response Gain
Authors: Chaumon Maximilien , Busch Niko A. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The ongoing state of the brain radically affects how it processes sensory information. How does this ongoing brain activity interact with the processing of external stimuli? Spontaneous oscillations in the alpha range are thought to inhibit sensory processing, but little is known about the psychophysical mechanisms of this inhibition. We recorded ongoing brain activity with EEG while human observers performed a visual detection task with stimuli of different contrast intensities. To move beyond qualitative description, we formally compared psychometric functions obtained under different levels of ongoing alpha power and evaluated the inhibitory effect of ongoing alpha oscillations in terms of contrast or response gain models. This procedure opens the way to understanding the actual functional mechanisms by which ongoing brain activity affects visual performance. We found that strong prestimulus occipital alpha oscillations—but not more anterior mu oscillations—reduce performance most strongly for stimuli of the highest intensities tested. This inhibitory effect is best explained by a divisive reduction of response gain. Ongoing occipital alpha oscillations thus reflect changes in the visual system's input/output transformation that are independent of the sensory input to the system. They selectively scale the system's response, rather than change its sensitivity to sensory information.
Individual Differences in the Balance of GABA to Glutamate in pFC Predict the Ability to Select among Competing Options
Authors: de la Vega Alejandro , Brown Mark S. , Snyder Hannah R. , Singel Debra , Munakata Yuko , Banich Marie T. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Individuals vary greatly in their ability to select one item or response when presented with a multitude of options. Here we investigate the neural underpinnings of these individual differences. Using magnetic resonance spectroscopy, we found that the balance of inhibitory versus excitatory neurotransmitters in pFC predicts the ability to select among task-relevant options in two language production tasks. The greater an individual's concentration of GABA relative to glutamate in the lateral pFC, the more quickly he or she could select a relevant word from among competing options. This outcome is consistent with our computational modeling of this task [Snyder, H. R., Hutchison, N., Nyhus, E., Curran, T., Banich, M. T., O'Reilly, R. C., et al. Neural inhibition enables selection during language processing. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A., 107, 16483–16488, 2010], which predicts that greater net inhibition in pFC increases the efficiency of resolving competition among task-relevant options. Moreover, the association with the GABA/glutamate ratio was specific to selection and was not observed for executive function ability in general. These findings are the first to link the balance of excitatory and inhibitory neural transmission in pFC to specific aspects of executive function.
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Enhances Verbal Working Memory Training Performance over Time and Near Transfer Outcomes
Authors: Richmond Lauren L. , Wolk David , Chein Jason , Olson Ingrid R. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Studies attempting to increase working memory (WM) capacity show promise in enhancing related cognitive functions but have also raised criticism in the broader scientific community given the inconsistent findings produced by these studies. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been shown to enhance WM performance in a single session [Fregni, F., Boggio, P., Nitsche, M., Bermpohl, F., Anatal, A., Feredoes, E., et al. Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation of prefrontal cortex enhances working memory. Experimental Brain Research, 166, 23–30, 2005]; however, the extent to which tDCS might enhance learning on a WM training regime and the extent to which learning gains might transfer outside the training task remains largely unknown. To this end, participants engaged in an adaptive WM training task [previously utilized in Richmond, L., Morrison, A., Chein, J., & Olson, I. Working memory training and transfer in older adults. Psychology & Aging, 26, 813–822, 2011; Chein, J., & Morrison, A. Expanding the mind's workspace: Training and transfer effects with a complex working memory span task. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 17, 193–199, 2010] for 10 sessions over 2 weeks, concurrent with either active or sham stimulation of dorsolateral pFC. Before and after training, a battery of tests tapping domains known to relate to WM abilities was administered. Results show that tDCS enhanced learning on the verbal portion of the training task by 3.65 items. Furthermore, tDCS was shown to enhance near transfer to other untrained WM tasks in comparison with a no-contact control group. These results lend support to the idea that tDCS might bolster training and transfer gains in populations with compromised WM abilities.
Description of Bursaphelenchus yuyaoensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) isolated from Pinus massoniana in China
Authors: Gu Jianfeng , He Jie , Wang Jiangling , Chen Xianfeng 
Published: April 2014

Bursaphelenchus yuyaoensisn. sp. is described and figured from dyingPinus massonianain Yuyao, China. The new species clearly belongs to thehofmannigroup. It is characterised by relatively slim body (a = 43.7 and 36.2 for males and females, respectively), three lines in the lateral field, spicules relatively small (11.4-14.7 μm), mitten-shaped with the posterior third of the dorsal limb distinctly curved, condylus round and slightly dorsally bent, rostrum well developed with more or less rounded terminus, distal ends of spicules not forming a clear cucullus, male tail with a mucron-like process, female tail slightly ventrally bent with a bluntly rounded terminus, vulval lip not forming a vulval flap and post-uterine sac extending for about half the vulva-anus distance. The separate species status is supported by ITS-RFLP patterns and molecular phylogenetic analysis based on ITS1/2 sequences, which revealed thatB. yuyaoensisn. sp. is close toB. parvispicularisandB. paraparvispicularis.
Influence of cell density of Escherichia coli and the dinoflagellate Crypthecodinium cohnii on life history traits of the nematode Panagrolaimus sp. strain NFS 24-5, a potential larval food for marine aquaculture
Authors: Ayub Farhana , Strauch Olaf , Seychelles Laurent , Ehlers Ralf-Udo 
Published: April 2014

The nematodePanagrolaimussp. NFS 24-5 has potential for use as living food for larval shrimps and fish in marine aquaculture. The nematodes are usually produced on bacterial or yeast cells. Nematodes cannot synthesise the long chain fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) which is essential for feeding marine aquaculture organisms. The eukaryotic, heterotrophic dinoflagellateCrypthecodinium cohniiconsists of approximately 20% DHA. To culture the nematodes and simultaneously enrich them with DHA, single adult male and female individuals were cultured in hanging drops with variable cell density ofC. cohnii. Life history traits, such as net reproductive rate (), population doubling time (PDT) and intrinsic rate of natural increase (), were assessed and compared with data obtained from cultures onEscherichia coli. A maximum was recorded at a cell density of 4 × 106C. cohniicells ml−1, corresponding to 2478.82 μg dry mass ml−1. The same was achieved with 7× lower biomass ofE. coliat a cell density of 3 × 109cells ml−1, corresponding to 335.63 μg dry mass ml−1. The results exclude the use of the dinoflagellate culture from application in mass production of the nematode for aquaculture food and limit the use to post-harvest enrichment of the nematodes with essential fatty acids. At a density of 3 × 109E. colicells ml−1the PDT was lowest and the was highest, indicating that this cell density might be closest to optimum conditions for nematode reproduction. Exceeding this cell density yielded fewer offspring within a longer time period. Implications for mass production in monoxenic liquid cultures are discussed.
Steinernema sacchari n. sp. (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae), a new entomopathogenic nematode from South Africa
Authors: Nthenga Isaiah , Knoetze Rinus , Berry Shaun , Tiedt Louwrens R. , Malan Antoinette P. 
Published: April 2014

A new species of entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema sacchari n. sp., was isolated by trapping with the sugar cane borer, Eldana saccharina, from soil of a sugar cane field in the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa. The new species is morphologically characterised by the length of the infective juvenile (IJ) of 680 (630-722) μm, tail length of 64 (51-74) μm, ratio a = 19 (14-23), H% = 49 (43-57) and E% = 82 (70-109). The pattern of the lateral field of the IJ of the new species is 2, 5, 2 ridges (3, 6, 3 lines or incisures). The male of the first generation can be recognised by the long spicule of 83 (73-89) μm, gubernaculum of 61 (50-68) μm, D% = 67 (54-88) and GS% = 73 (66-81). The first generation male lacks a mucron, while the second generation male always has one. The first generation female can be recognised by the vulval lips not being raised, the possession of long double-flapped epiptygmata and the lack of a postanal swelling. Analysis of the ITS and D2D3 regions showed S. sacchari n. sp. to differ from all other Steinernema species and to belong to a new monophyletic group, the ‘Cameroonian’ clade, consisting of S. cameroonense, S. nyetense and S. sacchari n. sp. This group is closely related to the feltiae-kraussei-oregonense Clade III.