bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing the Relative Efficacy of Narrative vs Nonnarrative Health Messages in Reducing Health Disparities Using a Randomized Trial
Authors: Murphy Sheila T. , Frank Lauren B. , Chatterjee Joyee S. , Moran Meghan B. , Zhao Nan , Amezola de Herrera Paula , Baezconde-Garbanati Lourdes A. 
Published: April 2015

Objectives. We compared the relative efficacy of a fictional narrative film to a more traditional nonnarrative film in conveying the same health information. Methods. We used a random digit dial procedure to survey the cervical cancer-related knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of non-Hispanic White, Mexican American, and African American women, aged 25 to 45 years, living in Los Angeles, California, from 2011 to 2012. Participants (n = 704) were randomly assigned to view either a narrative or nonnarrative film containing the same information about how cervical cancer could be prevented or detected, and they were re-contacted 2 weeks and 6 months later. Results. At 2 weeks, both films produced a significant increase in cervical cancer-related knowledge and attitudes, but these effects were significantly higher for the narrative film. At 6 months, viewers of both films retained greater than baseline knowledge and more positive attitudes toward Papanicolaou (Pap) tests, but women who saw the narrative were significantly more likely to have had or scheduled a Pap test. The narrative was particularly effective for Mexican American women, eliminating cervical cancer screening disparities found at baseline. Conclusions. Narratives might prove to be a useful tool for reducing health disparities.
Inequities in Workplace Secondhand Smoke Exposure Among Nonsmoking Women of Reproductive Age
Authors: Johnson Candice Y. , Luckhaupt Sara E. , Lawson Christina C. 
Published: April 2015

Objectives. We characterized workplace secondhand smoke exposure among nonsmoking women of reproductive age as a proxy for workplace secondhand smoke exposure during pregnancy. Methods. We included nonsmoking women aged 18 to 44 years employed during the past 12 months who participated in the 2010 National Health Interview Survey. We estimated the prevalence of workplace secondhand smoke exposure and its associations with sociodemographic and workplace characteristics. Results. Nine percent of women reported workplace secondhand smoke exposure. Prevalence decreased with increasing age, education, and earnings. Workplace secondhand smoke exposure was associated with chemical exposure (prevalence odds ratio [POR] = 3.3; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.3, 4.7); being threatened, bullied, or harassed (POR = 3.2; 95% CI = 2.1, 5.1); vapors, gas, dust, or fume exposure (POR = 3.1; 95% CI = 2.3, 4.4); and worrying about unemployment (POR = 3.0; 95% CI = 1.8, 5.2), among other things. Conclusions. Comprehensive smoke-free laws covering all workers could eliminate inequities in workplace secondhand smoke exposure, including during pregnancy.
Missed Policy Opportunities to Advance Health Equity by Recording Demographic Data in Electronic Health Records
Authors: Douglas Megan Daugherty , Dawes Daniel E. , Holden Kisha B. , Mack Dominic 
Published: April 2015

The science of eliminating health disparities is complex and dependent on demographic data. The Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act (HITECH) encourages the adoption of electronic health records and requires basic demographic data collection; however, current data generated are insufficient to address known health disparities in vulnerable populations, including individuals from diverse racial and ethnic backgrounds, with disabilities, and with diverse sexual identities. We conducted an administrative history of HITECH and identified gaps between the policy objective and required measure. We identified 20 opportunities for change and 5 changes, 2 of which required the collection of less data. Until health care demographic data collection requirements are consistent with public health requirements, the national goal of eliminating health disparities cannot be realized.
State Constitutional Commitment to Health and Health Care and Population Health Outcomes: Evidence From Historical US Data
Authors: Matsuura Hiroaki 
Published: April 2015

Objectives. I investigated whether the introduction of health and health care provisions in US state constitutions can make health systems more equitable and improve health outcomes by urging state policymakers and administrative agencies to uphold their human rights obligations at state level. Methods. I constructed a panel of infant mortality rates from 50 US states over the period 1929 through 2000 to examine their association with the timing and details of introducing a constitutional right to health and health care provisions. Results. The introduction of a stronger constitutional commitment that obligates state legislature to provide health care was associated with a subsequent reduction in the infant mortality rate of approximately 7.8%. The introduction of provisions explicitly targeting the poor was also associated with a reduction in the infant mortality rate of 6.5%. These health benefits are primarily evident in non-White populations. Conclusions. This empirical result supports Elizabeth Leonard’s view that although state constitutional rights have been poorly enforced through the judiciary, a constitutional expression of health care duties has fueled the political and social process, ultimately allowing states to identify the best way to address citizens’ health inequality concerns.
Unequal Burdens of Loss: Examining the Frequency and Timing of Homicide Deaths Experienced by Young Black Men Across the Life Course
Authors: Smith Jocelyn R. 
Published: April 2015

Objectives. I examined the frequency and developmental timing of traumatic loss resulting from the health disparity of homicide among young Black men in Baltimore, Maryland. Methods. Using a modified grounded theory approach, I conducted in-depth semistructured interviews with 40 Black men (aged 18–24 years) from January 2012 to June 2013. I also constructed adapted life history calendar tools using chronologies of loss, and (1) provided a comprehensive history of loss, (2) determined a specific frequency of homicide deaths, (3) indicated participants’ relationship to the decedents, and (4) identified the developmental timing of deaths. Results. On average, participants knew 3 homicide victims who were overwhelmingly peers. Participant experiences of homicide death started in early childhood, peaked in adolescence, and persisted into emerging adulthood. The traumatic loss of peer homicide was a significant developmental turning point and disrupted participants’ social networks. Conclusions. The traumatic loss of peer homicide was a prevalent life course experience for young Black men and identified the need for trauma- and grief-informed interventions. Future research is needed to examine the physical and psychosocial consequences, coping resources and strategies, and developmental implications of traumatic loss for young Black men in urban contexts.
A Community-Based Oral Public Health Approach to Promote Health Equity
Authors: Northridge Mary E. , Yu Chenchen , Chakraborty Bibhas , Port Greenblatt Ariel , Mark Janet , Golembeski Cynthia , Cheng Bin , Kunzel Carol , Metcalf Sara S. , Marshall Stephen E. , Lamster Ira B. 
Published: April 2015

Objectives. We explored the interrelationships among diabetes, hypertension, and missing teeth among underserved racial/ethnic minority elders. Methods. Self-reported sociodemographic characteristics and information about health and health care were provided by community-dwelling ElderSmile participants, aged 50 years and older, who took part in community-based oral health education and completed a screening questionnaire at senior centers in Manhattan, New York, from 2010 to 2012. Results. Multivariable models (both binary and ordinal logistic regression) were consistent, in that both older age and Medicaid coverage were important covariates when self-reported diabetes and self-reported hypertension were included, along with an interaction term between self-reported diabetes and self-reported hypertension. Conclusions. An oral public health approach conceptualized as the intersection of 3 domains—dentistry, medicine, and public health—might prove useful in place-based assessment and delivery of services to underserved older adults. Further, an ordinal logit model that considers levels of missing teeth might allow for more informative and interpretable results than a binary logit model.
Mandated Coverage of Preventive Care and Reduction in Disparities: Evidence From Colorectal Cancer Screening
Authors: Hamman Mary K. , Kapinos Kandice A. 
Published: April 2015

Objectives. We identified correlates of racial/ethnic disparities in colorectal cancer screening and changes in disparities under state-mandated insurance coverage. Methods. Using Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data, we estimated a Fairlie decomposition in the insured population aged 50 to 64 years and a regression-adjusted difference-in-difference-in-difference model of changes in screening attributable to mandates. Results. Under mandated coverage, blood stool test (BST) rates increased among Black, Asian, and Native American men, but rates among Whites also increased, so disparities did not change. Endoscopic screening rates increased by 10 percentage points for Hispanic men and 3 percentage points for non-Hispanic men. BST rates fell among Hispanic relative to non-Hispanic men. We found no changes for women. However, endoscopic screening rates improved among lower income individuals across all races and ethnicities. Conclusions. Mandates were associated with a reduction in endoscopic screening disparities only for Hispanic men but may indirectly reduce racial/ethnic disparities by increasing rates among lower income individuals. Findings imply that systematic differences in insurance coverage, or health plan fragmentation, likely existed without mandates. These findings underscore the need to research disparities within insured populations.
Review of State Legislative Approaches to Eliminating Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities, 2002–2011
Authors: Young Jessica L. , Pollack Keshia , Rutkow Lainie 
Published: April 2015

We conducted a legal mapping study of state bills related to racial/ethnic health disparities in all 50 states between 2002 and 2011. Forty-five states introduced at least 1 bill that specifically targeted racial/ethnic health disparities; we analyzed 607 total bills. Of these 607 bills, 330 were passed into law (54.4%). These bills approached eliminating racial/ethnic health disparities by developing governmental infrastructure, providing appropriations, and focusing on specific diseases and data collection. In addition, states tackled emerging topics that were previously lacking laws, particularly Hispanic health. Legislation is an important policy tool for states to advance the elimination of racial/ethnic health disparities.
Black–White Differences in the Relationship Between Alcohol Drinking Patterns and Mortality Among US Men and Women
Authors: Jackson Chandra L. , Hu Frank B. , Kawachi Ichiro , Williams David R. , Mukamal Kenneth J. , Rimm Eric B. 
Published: April 2015

Objectives. We investigated Black–White differences in the association between average alcohol drinking patterns and all-cause mortality.Methods. We pooled nationally representative samples of 152 180 adults in the National Health Interview Survey from 1997 to 2002 with mortality follow-up through 2006. Usual drinking days per week and level of alcohol consumed per day were based on self-report. We used race- and gender-specific Cox proportional hazards regression analyses to adjust for physical activity, smoking status, and other potential confounders.Results. Over 9 years, 13 366 deaths occurred from all causes. For men, the lowest multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for total mortality among drinkers was 0.81 among White men who consumed 1 to 2 drinks 3 to 7 days per week (compared with abstainers) and Black men who abstained. For women, the lowest mortality risk was among White women (HR = 0.71) consuming 1 drink per day 3 to 7 days per week and Black women (HR = 0.72) consuming 1 drink on 2 or fewer days per week.Conclusions. Risks and benefits of alcohol consumption in relation to mortality risk were dependent on race- and gender-specific drinking patterns.
Reports of Insurance-Based Discrimination in Health Care and Its Association With Access to Care
Authors: Han Xinxin , Call Kathleen Thiede , Pintor Jessie Kemmick , Alarcon-Espinoza Giovann , Simon Alisha Baines 
Published: April 2015

Objectives. We examined reports of insurance-based discrimination and its association with insurance type and access to care in the early years of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. Methods. We used data from the 2013 Minnesota Health Access Survey to identify 4123 Minnesota adults aged 18 to 64 years who reported about their experiences of insurance-based discrimination. We modeled the association between discrimination and insurance type and predicted odds of having reduced access to care among those reporting discrimination, controlling for sociodemographic factors. Data were weighted to represent the state’s population. Results. Reports of insurance-based discrimination were higher among uninsured (25%) and publicly insured (21%) adults than among privately insured adults (3%), which held in the regression analysis. Those reporting discrimination had higher odds of lacking a usual source of care, lacking confidence in getting care, forgoing care because of cost, and experiencing provider-level barriers than those who did not. Conclusions. Further research and policy interventions are needed to address insurance-based discrimination in health care settings.
Combined Volar Hamate Dislocation and Scapholunate Ligament Rupture
Authors: Walmsley David , Dhotar Herman , Geddes Christopher , Axelrod Terry 
Published: April 2015

Case:
A twenty-two-year-old male patient presented to our trauma center after a motor-vehicle accident in which he sustained multiple injuries, including a volar dislocation of the hamate and ipsilateral scapholunate dissociation. Following closed reduction of the hamate dislocation, open reduction and stabilization of these carpal injuries was undertaken two days post-injury via a dorsal approach. Percutaneous Kirschner wires were used as well as two mini suture anchors to repair the scapholunate ligament. The patient was immobilized for six weeks and Kirschner wires were removed at twelve weeks postoperatively.

Conclusion:
To our knowledge, hamate dislocation with scapholunate dissociation and its surgical treatment have not previously been described. Successful surgical treatment for this injury pattern may be performed dorsally via direct reduction and repair of the scapholunate ligament with percutaneous pinning of the affected carpal bones.
Effectiveness of Computer-Assisted Therapy for Substance Dependence Using Breaking Free Online: Subgroup Analyses of a Heterogeneous Sample of Service Users
Authors: Elison Sarah , Davies Glyn , Ward Jonathan 
Published: April 2015

BackgroundSubstance misuse services within the United Kingdom have traditionally been oriented to opiate and crack users, and attended predominantly by male service users. Groups who do not fit this demographic, such as women or those whose primary drug of choice is neither heroin nor crack, have tended to be underrepresented in services. In addition, there can be stigma associated with traditional opiate and crack-centric services. Therefore, the computerized treatment and recovery program, Breaking Free Online (BFO), was developed to enable service users to access confidential support for dependence on a wide range of substances. BFO is delivered as computer-assisted therapy (CAT), or, where appropriate, used as self-help.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to report psychometric outcomes data from 393 service users accessing online support for substance misuse via BFO.MethodsFollowing initial referral to substance misuse services, all participants were supported in setting up a BFO login by a practitioner or peer mentor, and, where required, assisted as they completed an online baseline assessment battery contained within the BFO program. Following a period of engagement with BFO, all participants completed the same battery of assessments, and changes in the scores on these assessments were examined.ResultsSignificant improvements were found across the 393 service users in several areas of psychosocial functioning, including quality of life, severity of alcohol and drug dependence, depression, and anxiety (P=<.001 across all aspects of functioning). Additionally, significant improvements were found within specific subgroups of participants, including females (P=.001-<.001), males (P=.004-<.001), service users reporting alcohol dependence (P=.002-<.001), opiate and crack dependence (P=.014-<.001), and those seeking support for other substances that may be less well represented in the substance misuse sector (P=.001-<.001).ConclusionsData from this study indicates that BFO is an effective clinical treatment for a wide range of individuals requiring support for substance misuse. Further work is currently underway to examine more closely the clinical effectiveness of the program.
Influence of the heat treatment on hardness and adhesive wear performance of Ni-P deposit with low phosphorus content
Authors: Matki Ulaş , Çıtak Ramazan 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
A Ni-P coating with low phosphorus content has been deposited onto an AISI 1020 plain carbon steel. The effect of temperature on the structure of coating was determined by DSC and XRD analysis. To determine the effect of heat treatment on the hardness and wear properties, some of the coated specimens were heat treated at different temperatures as isothermal for 1 h. Pin-on-disc wear tests were carried out on the specimens under loads of 20, 40 and 60 N, respectively. It has been determined that hardness and wear resistance of electroless Ni-P coating increased with the heat treatment. Maximum hardness and wear resistance were obtained for samples heat treated at 400 °C.
Corrosion behavior of Haynes® 556® Fe-Ni-Cr-Co alloy for integrated coal gasification combined cycle syngas plants: A plant exposure study*
Authors: Lee Sungkyu , Kim Min Jung , Lee Jieun , Kang Suk-Hwan , Lee Seung-Jong , Yun Yongseung 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
A corrosion exposure test was performed on a commercially available Haynes® 556® Fe-Ni-Cr-Co alloy sample to investigate its solid/gas reaction behavior in integrated coal gasification combined cycle pilot plant facilities affiliated with the Institute for Advanced Engineering (2.005 MPa and 160–300 °C). Thermodynamic Ellingham-Pourbaix stability diagrams were constructed and the post-exposure samples were examined ex-situ by morphological and microstructural SEM and EDS analyses on the external surfaces to obtain information on the corrosion scale and provide insight into the mechanism of the observed corrosion behavior in the piping materials connecting the particulate removal unit and water scrubber of the integrated coal gasification combined cycle pilot plant. Uniform material thinning was observed after 46 hours of operation, and a preliminary corrosion mechanism was suggested. The observed material wastage and corrosion behavior of the Haynes® 556® Fe-Ni-Cr-Co alloy sample cut off from the coal syngas IGCC plant were explained by the formation of discontinuous (complex) oxide phases and subsequent chlorine-induced active oxidation under the predominantly reducing environment encountered.
Optimum buckling design of axially layered graded uniform columns
Authors: Alkan Veysel 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
This study presents optimum buckling design of axially layered graded uniform columns. Firstly, characteristic equations for determining critical buckling loads for all end conditions are obtained using the transfer matrix method and for each case, square of this equation is selected as a fitness function. Due to the explicitly unavailable objective function for the critical buckling loads as a function of volume fraction and length of the column, initially, prescribed value is assumed for it and then the design variables satisfying constraints are determined. Different boundary conditions are considered. Among them, maximum increment up to 19 % of the critical buckling load is attained for the simply supported case. Finally, the strongest column configurations are determined.
Einfluss der Klebschichtdicke auf Kopplungsfaktor und Lebensdauer beim Bekleben von piezoelektrischen Flächenwandlern mit Epoxykleber
Authors: Widjaja Ferdinand , Janssen Enrico , Safi Nader 
Published: April 2015

Kurzfassung
In dieser Arbeit wurden Kopplungsfaktor und Lebensdauer von auf Federstahl mit Epoxykleber geklebten Piezoflächenwandlern unter Einflussgrößen wie Oberflächenrauigkeit und Klebschichtdicke mit einem Ansatz aus der Schwingungslehre experimentell untersucht. Verschiedene Proben mit variierten Klebschichtdicken wurden mit bestimmten Vorgangseinrichtungen erstellt und beklebt. Analytische Berechnungen wurden durchgeführt, um den Einfluss der Klebschichtdicke und Oberflächenrauigkeit auf den elektromechanischen Kopplungsfaktor sowie die Zuverlässigkeit zu betrachten. Der Einfluss der Klebschichtdicke auf den Kopplungsfaktor wurde dem der Fertigungstoleranzen und der Materialstreuung gegenübergestellt. Das Ermüdungsverhalten in Abhängigkeit von Klebschichtdicke wurde in Langzeitversuchen ausgewertet und verglichen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen keinen nennenswerten Einfluss der Klebschichtdicke auf Kopplungsfaktor und Lebensdauer bei Applikationen von Piezoflächenwandlern mit Epoxykleber.
How Often does Treatment of Primary HIV Lead to Post-Treatment Control?
Authors: Maenza Janine , Tapia Kenneth , Holte Sarah , Stekler Joanne D , Stevens Claire E , Mullins James I , Collier Ann C 
Published: April 2015

Background Post-treatment control of viraemia after discontinuation of antiretroviral therapy begun during primary HIV-1 infection is considered a potential path toward a sustained remission of infection. Methods Subjects enrolled in an observational primary infection cohort who received at least 11 months of highly active antiretroviral therapy beginning within the first 12 weeks of HIV-1 infection and who subsequently discontinued therapy were evaluated for post-treatment control. Results Within a cohort of 389 subjects with primary HIV-1 infection enrolled over 22 years, only 22 met criteria for evaluation of post-treatment control. Among these subjects, 21 (95%) had loss of viral control (HIV-1 RNA>500 copies/ml) within 18 months after treatment discontinuation, and only 1 (4.5%, 95% CI 0.32, 18.9) controlled viral load to levels <500 copies/ml for at least 24 months. The median time to virological failure was 2.17 (IQR 1.18–3.39) months. Conclusions Our data suggest a low likelihood of post-treatment control even when highly active antiretroviral therapy is started within 12 weeks of HIV-1 infection.