bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leaf traits in parental and hybrid species of Sorbus (Rosaceae)
Authors: Ďurkovič Jaroslav , Kardošová Monika , Čaňová Ingrid , Lagaňa Rastislav , Priwitzer Tibor , Chorvát Dušan , Cicák Alojz , Pichler Viliam 
Published: August 2012

• Premise of the study: Knowledge of functional leaf traits can provide important insights into the processes structuring plant communities. In the genus Sorbus, the generation of taxonomic novelty through reticulate evolution that gives rise to new microspecies is believed to be driven primarily by a series of interspecific hybridizations among closely related taxa. We tested hypotheses for dispersion of intermediacy across the leaf traits in Sorbus hybrids and for trait linkages with leaf area and specific leaf area.• Methods: Here, we measured and compared the whole complex of growth, vascular, and ecophysiological leaf traits among parental (Sorbus aria, Sorbus aucuparia, Sorbus chamaemespilus) and natural hybrid (Sorbus montisalpae, Sorbus zuzanae) species growing under field conditions. A recently developed atomic force microscopy technique, PeakForce quantitative nanomechanical mapping, was used to characterize the topography of cell wall surfaces of tracheary elements and to map the reduced Young's modulus of elasticity.• Key results: Intermediacy was associated predominantly with leaf growth traits, whereas vascular and ecophysiological traits were mainly parental‐like and transgressive phenotypes. Larger‐leaf species tended to have lower modulus of elasticity values for midrib tracheary element cell walls. Leaves with a biomass investment related to a higher specific leaf area had a lower density. Leaf area‐ and length‐normalized theoretical hydraulic conductivity was related to leaf thickness.• Conclusions: For the whole complex of examined leaf traits, hybrid microspecies were mosaics of parental‐like, intermediate, and transgressive phenotypes. The high proportion of transgressive character expressions found in Sorbus hybrids implies that generation of extreme traits through transgressive segregation played a key role in the speciation process.
Effect of tree size and competition on tension wood production over time in beech plantations and assessing relative gravitropic response with a biomechanical model
Authors: Dassot Mathieu , Fournier Meriem , Ningre François , Constant Thiéry 
Published: August 2012

• Premise of the study: Gravitropic movements are unexpected mechanical processes that could disturb tree design allometries derived from the physics of nonliving bodies. We investigated whether the scaling law of gravitropic performance (power of −2 of stem diameter) derived from integrative biomechanical modeling is disturbed by ontogeny or environment, then discuss the silvicultural and dendroecological consequences.• Methods: In a beech (Fagus sylvatica) plantation, four plots with different initial planting densities evolved without any intervention for 26 yr. Regular tree inventories and a silvicultural model were used to monitor competition over time in each plot. The radial production of tension wood was quantified using a cross‐section of the stems at 1.30‐m height, and an integrative biomechanical model computed the tree gravitropic performance over time.• Key results: All trees developed tension wood over the whole period, with higher amounts at the youngest age, resulting in theoretical lean corrections of ca. 20–30° on the first 4 m of the stem over the whole period. The scaling law of gravitropic performance is slightly larger than the power of −2 of stem diameter.• Conclusions: Gravitropic performance in forest ecosystems is mainly limited by size (diameter). Ontogenic acclimation of tension wood formation allows the youngest trees to be more reactive. No additional effect of spacing was found. However, silviculture influences size and, therefore, tree reactivity at a given age. Such results will be helpful for dendroecological approaches that use wood as a marker of environmental disturbances or a trait linked to plant strategies.
Inducible IL-33 Expression by Mast Cells Is Regulated by a Calcium-Dependent Pathway
Authors: Hsu Chia-Lin , Bryce Paul J. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
IL-33 is an IL-1 family cytokine that displays dual functions: a cytokine via its receptor, T1/ST2, or a chromatin-binding factor within the nucleus. Functionally, it promotes Th2-associated immunity by enhancing the activation and survival of several cell types. However, the pathways regulating IL-33 expression are still unclear. Although several cells display constitutive expression of IL-33, we showed previously that mast cells expressed low levels of IL-33 constitutively but that IL-33 was induced upon IgE-mediated activation. This was mediated via a calcium-dependent mechanism. In this study, we define the pathway through which this inducible IL-33 is regulated. Importantly, this pathway does not alter expression in cells with high constitutive IL-33 expression, such as epithelial cells or fibroblasts. Our data show that, upstream of calcium, inhibition of PI3K and Sphk activity decreases inducible IL-33 expression to IgE/Ag activation. Additionally, expression of Sphk1 short hairpin RNA prevents upregulation of IL-33 expression. Downstream of calcium, NFAT activity is necessary and sufficient for inducible IL-33 expression. We also demonstrate calcium-dependent transcription from two regions of the IL-33 gene that contain putative NFAT-binding sites, one upstream of exon 1 and one upstream of the start site. Interestingly, we show that blocking other calcium pathways, including inositol triphosphate receptor, or NF-κB inhibits IgE-driven IL-1β, another IL-1 family cytokine, but it has no influence on inducible IL-33 expression. In summary, our data demonstrate cell-specific differences in the regulation of IL-33 expression and define a pathway critical for the expression of inducible IL-33 by mast cells upon their activation.
The Molecular Signature of Tissue Resident Memory CD8 T Cells Isolated from the Brain
Authors: Wakim Linda M. , Woodward-Davis Amanda , Liu Ruijie , Hu Yifang , Villadangos Jose , Smyth Gordon , Bevan Michael J. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractTissue resident memory (Trm) CD8 T cells represent a newly described memory T cell population. We have previously characterized a population of Trm cells that persists within the brain after acute virus infection. Although capable of providing marked protection against a subsequent local challenge, brain Trm cells do not undergo recall expansion after dissociation from the tissue. Furthermore, these Trm cells do not depend on the same survival factors as the circulating memory T cell pool as assessed either in vivo or in vitro. To gain greater insight into this population of cells, we compared the gene expression profiles of Trm cells isolated from the brain with those of circulating memory T cells isolated from the spleen after an acute virus infection. Trm cells displayed altered expression of genes involved in chemotaxis, expressed a distinct set of transcription factors, and overexpressed several inhibitory receptors. Cumulatively, these data indicate that Trm cells are a distinct memory T cell population disconnected from the circulating memory T cell pool and display a unique molecular signature that likely results in optimal survival and function within their local environment.
Is journaling empowering? Students’ perceptions of their reflective writing experience
Authors: Harris M 
Published: August 2012

South African health care organisations are faced by enormous challenges. Responsive measures must include
employing nurse practitioners who can think critically and creatively and who can make appropriate decisions that
do not necessarily fit into theory learned within a formal educational system.

Opsomming
’n Opvoedkundige program vir Suid-Afrikaanse verpleegkundiges van verskillende kulture, gebaseer op ’n model vir kritiese ondersoek van taakverrigting (Van Aswegen, 1998), het tot hierdie navorsing aanleiding gegee.

*Please note: This is a reduced version of the abstract. Please refer to PDF for full text.
Editorial Comments/ Redaksionele Kommentaar
Authors: Stuart A D 
Published: August 2012

This edition of Health SA Gesondheid reflects the dichotomous, reciprocal and holistic natures of the two disciplines which are well represented in this Journal namely Psychology and Nursing Science.

Opsomming
Hierdie uitgawe van Heath SA Gesondheid reflekteer die tweeledigheid, resiprokaliteit en holisme van twee dissiplines wat sterk in die joernaal verteenwoordig word, naamlik Sielkunde en Verpleegkunde.

*Please note: This is a reduced version of the abstract. Please refer to PDF for full text.
The impact of organisational culture on the adaptation of newly employed nurses to the work environment
Authors: Khoza L B 
Published: August 2012

Usually newly employed nurses find adjusting to a work setting a challenging experience.

Opsomming
Gewoonlik is die aanpassing by ‘n nuwe werksomgewing vir pasaangestelde verpleegkundiges ‘n groot uitdaging.

*Please note: This is a reduced version of the abstract. Please refer to PDF for full text.
Service-learning in nursing: integrating student learning and community- based service experience through reflective practice
Authors: Julie Hester , Daniels Priscilla , Adonis Tracey-Ann 
Published: August 2012

Domestic violence is a pervasive problem in South Africa.

Opsomming
Huishoudelike geweld is ’n wydverspreide probleem in Suid-Afrika.

*Please note: This is a reduced version of the abstract. Please refer to PDF for full text.
Prescribing patterns of methylphenidate in a South African patient population who are members of a private medical aid
Authors: Truter Ilse , Van W Kotze Theunis J 
Published: August 2012

Methylphenidate is primarily used for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children.

Opsomming
Metielfenidaat word hoofsaaklik vir aandag-gebrek-hiperaktiwiteitsindroom in kinders gebruik.

*Please note: This is a reduced version of the abstract. Please refer to PDF for full text.
Neurological aspects of stuttering: summary overview of scientific findings
Authors: Willemse Naudine , Viljoen Margaretha , Govender Catherine 
Published: August 2012

The aim of this article is to provide a summary overview of some of the more important scientific evidence of neurological differences between stutterers and non-stutterers.

Opsomming
Die doel van hierdie artikel is om ‘n opsommende oorsig te bied van die belangrikste wetenskaplike bewyse vir neurologiese verskille tussen mense wat hakkel en mense wat nie hakkel nie.

*Please note: This is a reduced version of the abstract. Please refer to PDF for full text.
Obesity as an inflammatory condition
Authors: Slabbert Sonja , De Ridder Hans J , Underhay Colette , Kruger Salomé 
Published: August 2012

The prevalence of obesity has increased dramatically in the past decade.

Opsomming
Die voorkoms van obesiteit het oor die afgelope dekade dramaties gestyg en daarmee saam die voorspelling van ‘n toename in morbiditeit sowel as mortaliteit as gevolg van obesiteit-verwante siektetoestande

*Please note: This is a reduced version of the abstract. Please refer to PDF for full text.
The professional nurse’s experience of the dying process of the terminal Aids patient
Authors: Bester Petra , Du Plessis Engela , Greeff Minrie 
Published: August 2012

The increase in HIV/AIDS raises international concern. Statistics indicate that South Africa has the fastest increasing
HIV-infection rate in the world.

Opsomming
Die toename in MIV/VIGS wek internasionale kommer. Statistiek toon dat Suid-Afrika die snelstygendste MIVbesmettingskoers ter wêreld het.

*Please note: This is a reduced version of the abstract. Please refer to PDF for full text.
Editorial Comments/ Redaksionele Kommentaar
Authors: Poggenpoel Marie 
Published: August 2012

This spring edition of Health SA Gesondheid is as lively and colourful as the green leaves and blossoms that signals new life in nature.

Opsomming
Hierdie lente uitgawe van Health SA Gesondheid is net so lewendig en kleurvol soos die groen blare en bloeisels wat die nuwe lewe in die natuur aankondig.

*Please note: This is a reduced version of the abstract. Please refer to PDF for full text.
Empowerment of parents in the neonatal intensive care unit by neonatal nurses
Authors: Herbst Adene , Maree Carin 
Published: August 2012

Parents of infants who are admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) need to be empowered to improve bonding, attachment and care-giving skills.

Opsomming
Ouers van babas wat in die neonatale intensiewesorgeenheid (NISE) opgeneem word, moet bemagtig word met dieoog op bevordering van binding, ’n hegte band met die babas en versorgingsvaardighede.

*Please note: This is a reduced version of the abstract. Please refer to PDF for full text.
The surgical management and speech and swallowing rehabilitation of patients with advanced tongue cancer in South Africa
Authors: Engelbrecht Leanie , Van der Merwe Anita , Pretorius Jan P 
Published: August 2012

Advanced tongue cancer may have a devastating effect on a person’s ability to speak and to swallow. Very little is known about the surgical management and speech and swallowing rehabilitation of persons with advanced tongue cancer in South Africa.

Opsomming
Gevorderde tongkanker het ‘n geweldige impak op ‘n persoon se vermoë om te praat en te sluk. Baie min inligting is bekend oor die chirurgiese behandeling en spraak- en slukrehabilitasie van persone met gevorderde tongkanker in Suid-Afrika.

*Please note: This is a reduced version of the abstract. Please refer to PDF for full text.
Public perception of community pharmacists in South Africa: a preliminary study
Authors: Bornman Suzanne , Truter Ilse , Venter Daniel JL 
Published: August 2012

This survey forms part of a study undertaken to identify and quantify the community pharmacist’s involvement in the use of non-prescription/over-the-counter (OTC) medicine/self-medication in community pharmacies throughout South Africa.

Opsomming
Hierdie opname vorm deel van ‘n studie wat onderneem word om die gemeenskapsapteker se betrokkenheid in die gebruik van nie-voorskrif/oor-die-toonbank medikasie/ selfmedikasie in gemeenskapsapteke in Suid Afrika te identifiseer en te kwantifiseer.

*Please note: This is a reduced version of the abstract. Please refer to PDF for full text.
Editorial Comments/ Redaksionele Kommentaar
Authors: Nolte A G W 
Published: August 2012

This volume of our journal brings you a bouquet of articles which embody the spirit of this publication.

Opsomming
Hierdie uitgawe van ons tydskrif bied aan u ‘n verskeidenheid artikels wat die gees van die publikasie omvat.

*Please note: This is a reduced version of the abstract. Please refer to PDF for full text.
Factors impacting on contraceptive use among youth in northern Tshwane: Part 2
Authors: Maja T M M 
Published: August 2012

Young people are vulnerable to risky behaviors that cause major health problems such as sexual behaviour resulting in early, unplanned pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

ABSTRAK
Die jeug is besonder kwesbaar as gevolg van riskante gedrag wat groot gesondheidsprobleme soos seksuele gedrag veroorsaak wat tot seksueel oordraagbare siektes en VIGS mag lei. Hierdie studie is gedoen om die faktore wat ’n impak het op die gebruik van voorbehoedmiddels en dienste hiervoor vir jeugdiges in Noord-Tshwane te identifiseer en te beskryf.
The cultural beliefs of the Vhavenda on the causes and transmission of sexually transmitted infections
Authors: Mulaudzi Fhumulani Mavis 
Published: August 2012

Cultural and ethnic identity and folk beliefs play a decisive role in perceptions, attitudes and practices regarding health care and illness.

Opsomming
Kulturele en etniese identiteit en volksgelowe speel ’n deurslaggewende rol in die persepsies, houdings en gebruike ten opsigte van gesondheidsorg en siekte.

*Please note: This is a reduced version of the abstract. Please refer to PDF for full text.
Psychiatric in-patients’ experience of being secluded in a specific hospital in Lesotho
Authors: Ntsaba Gloria M , Havenga Yolanda 
Published: August 2012

This qualitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual study was undertaken to explore and describe the experiences of psychiatric in-patients who are secluded in a specific hospital in Lesotho.

Opsomming
Hierdie kwalitatiewe, verkennende, beskrywende en kontekstuele studie is onderneem om die ervaring van psigiatriese binnepasiënte in afsondering in ‘n spesifieke hospitaal in Lesotho te verken en te beskryf.

*Please note: This is a reduced version of the abstract. Please refer to PDF for full text.
The art of the Delphi technique: highlighting its scientific merit
Authors: Du Plessis Emmerentia , Human Susara P 
Published: August 2012

The initial use of the Delphi technique was forecasting in order to be able to plan ahead.

Opsomming
Die aanvanklike toepassing van die Delphi-tegniek was voorspelling met die doel om vooruit te kan beplan.

*Please note: This is a reduced version of the abstract. Please refer to PDF for full text.
Health promotion needs of Hammanskraal families with adolescents orphaned by HIV/AIDS
Authors: Peu M D , Van Wyk N C , Botha A DH 
Published: August 2012

Health promotion is regarded as the cornerstone of good health. It is the action expected from individuals and families in order to better their own health situation. Health promotion is an art and science (Edelman & Mandle, 2002:16) that is integrated into the primary health care to reduce existing health problems. The purpose of the research on which this article is reporting, was to explore and describe the health promotion needs of families with
adolescents orphaned by human immunodeficiency virus or acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS). The research was located within a qualitative paradigm that is both exploratory and descriptive. Eight families who were purposely selected participated in the research process. Qualitative methods, such as group interviews and field notes were utilised to collect data. The health promotion needs of the families with adolescents orphaned by HIV/AIDS were explored and described. Tesch’s analysis process, which entails a series of steps, was followed (Creswell, 2003:192). Themes, categories and subcategories that form the central focus of health promotion needs emerged during the data analysis. These themes,categories and subcategories are used to develop guidelines for health promotion.

Opsomming
Die bevordering van gesondheid is die hoeksteen van gesondheid. Dit is die aksie wat van individue en familie verwag word, sodat hulle hul eie gesondheidstoestand kan verbeter. Die bevordering van gesondheid is ‘n kuns en ‘n wetenskap, wat geïntegreer is in primêre gesondheidsorg, om bestaande gesondheidsprobleme te verminder (Edelman & Mandle, 2002:16). Die doel van die navorsing, waarna in hierdie artikel verwys word, was om uit te vind wat die gesondheidsorgbehoeftes van families, met adolessente wat wees gelaat is as gevolg van menslike immunogebrek virus of verworve immuungebrek sindroom (MIV/VIGS), is, en dit te beskryf. Die navorsing was binne die raamwerk van ‘n kwalitatiewe paradigma, wat eksplorerend en beskrywend is. Agt families, wat vir die doel geselekteer is, het aan die navorsing deelgeneem. Kwalitatiewe metodes, soos groepsonderhoude en veldnotas, is gebruik om data in te samel. Die gesondheidsorg-behoeftes van die families, met adolessente wat wees gelaat is as gevolg van MIV/VIGS, is ondersoek en beskryf. Tesch se analiseproses, wat uit ‘n aantal stappe bestaan, is gevolg (Creswell, 2003:192). Temas, kategorieë en sub- kategorieë, wat die sentrale fokus van die gesondheidsorgbehoeftes vorm, het uit die data-analise na vore gekom. Hierdie temas, kategorieë en sub-kategorieë, is gebruik om riglyne te ontwikkel vir gesondheidsbevordering.
Caregiver experiences and perceptions of stroke
Authors: Thomas Mary , Greenop Kirston 
Published: August 2012

With the increasing prevalence of people in developing countries who suffer strokes, the long-term care of people who have had a stroke and who are living with disabilities has substantial consequences for caregivers and their respective families. As the caregiver plays a pivotal role in the rehabilitation of the people who have had a stroke, the objectives of this study constitute an investigation into the complexities of caregiving, including both perceptions and experiences of the healthcare system. Semi-structured interviews were utilised to elicit post-stroke experiences of six caregivers. The challenge the South African context adds to these experiences was probed. The data were analysed qualitatively by thematic and content analysis. Prominent themes associated with caregiving included: role changes and relationship disruptions within the family, occupational and social implications, fatigue, anxiety, depression, loneliness, frustration as well as financial problems. Caregiver experiences were exacerbated by the inadequate support structures available. The results are interpreted within a biopsychosocial approach, concluding with the concerns raised by caregivers on the support they require from the healthcare system in order to provide home-based care.

Opsomming
Met die toenemende voorkoms van beroerte in ontwikkelende lande bring die langdurige versorging van pasiënte met gestremdheid beduidende gevolge vir sorggewers en hulle onderskeie gesinne mee. Aangesien die sorggewer ‘n sleutelrol in die rehabilitasie van die beroertepasiënt speel, behels die doelstellings van hierdie studie ‘n ondersoek na die verwikkeldhede van versorging, wat sowel persepsies as ondervinding van die gesondheidsorgstelsel insluit. Semi- gestruktureerde onderhoude is aangewend om die na-beroerte ondervindings van ses sorggewers te peil. Die uitdaging wat die Suid- Afrikaanse konteks tot hierdie ondervindings meebring is ondersoek. Die data is kwalitatief deur middel van tematiese en inhoudsanalise ontleed. Prominente temas wat verbandhou met sorggewing sluit in: rolverandering en verhoudingsteurnisse binne die huisgesin, beroeps- en sosiale implikasies, uitputting, angs, depressie, eensaamheid, frustrasie sowel as finansiële probleme. Die probleme van sorggewers word vererger deur ontoereikende steunstrukture. Die resultate word binne ‘n biopsigososiale benadering ontleed, en saamgevat met
probleme wat sorggewers uitspreek ten opsigte van die steun wat hulle van die gesondheidsorgstelsel benodig om tuisgebaseerde sorg te kan voorsien.