bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SECULAR TRENDS AND LATITUDE GRADIENTS IN SEX RATIOS AT BIRTH IN THE FORMER SOVIET REPUBLICS
Authors: Grech Victor 
Published: November 2014

Background: The male-female ratio at birth (M/F: male births divided by total births), which is anticipated to approximate 0.515, has been shown to exhibit latitude gradients and secular trends. Methods: Annual national data for male and female live births for the 15 countries that comprise the former Soviet Union were obtained from the World Health Organisation for the period 1980–2009 (115,167,569 total live births) and analysed with contingency tables. Spearman correlation was also carried out to compare percentage annual gross domestic product growth (GDP% – downloaded from the World Bank) and M/F. In this context, GDP% is used as a measure for economic hardship or wellbeing within the populace. Results: There have been overall highly significant secular increases in M/F (p < 0.0001) in the countries and regions investigated. M/F is significantly lower in the three more northern regions (Russian Federation, Baltic States and Central Asia. M/F 0.51324, 0.51335-0.51314) than the two more southern regions (Southern Caucasus and Eastern Europe. M/F 0.51654, 0.51635-0.51672). There was a male excess of 113,818 live births.There was a significant positive correlation between GDP% and M/F for Armenia, Azerbaijan and Uzbekistan. There was a significant negative correlation in Estonia. Conclusion: Previous studies have shown that improving socioeconomic conditions increase M/F, and the converse has also been demonstrated. This is a potential influence in this geographical area since this region has relatively recently emerged from communist rule and experienced an overall economic upturn, but is only partially supported using GDP%. Another factor may be the selective termination of female pregnancies. The latitude gradient parallels that of neighbouring Europe but no theory has been put forward to convincingly explain this finding to date.
ONCOCYTIC SCHNEIDERIAN PAPILLOMA OF FRONTAL SINUS
Authors: Kalfeřt David , Laco Jan , Čelakovský Petr , Smatanová Katarína , Ludvíková Marie 
Published: November 2014

Oncocytic Schneiderian papilloma (OSP) is one of the three morphologically distinct tumors that arise from Schneiderian membrane (the others include exophytic papilloma and inverted papilloma). OSP almost always occurs unilaterally in the paranasal sinuses, usually in the maxillary sinus, ethmoid cells or sphenoid sinus. We report a case of a 64-year-old woman with OSP arising from the left frontal sinus. In the report herein, we describe an OSP originating in the region of frontal sinus, which, to the best of our knowledge, represents the first documented example in English literature of OSP developing in this anatomical site.
EFFECT OF COLLAGEN I GEL ON APOPTOSIS OF RAT HEPATIC STELLATE CELLS
Authors: Bittnerová Lenka , Jiroutová Alena , Rudolf Emil , Řezáčová Martina , Kanta Jiří 
Published: November 2014

Activated hepatic stellate cells (HSC) are a major source of fibrous proteins in cirrhotic liver. Inducing or accelerating their apoptosis is a potential way of liver fibrosis treatment. Extracellular matrix (ECM) surrounding cells in tissue affects their differentiation, migration, proliferation and function. Type I collagen is the main ECM component in fibrotic liver. We have examined how this protein modifies apoptosis of normal rat HSC induced by gliotoxin, cycloheximide and cytochalasin D in vitro and spontaneous apoptosis of HSC isolated from CCl4-damaged liver. We have found that type I collagen gel enhances HSC apoptosis regardless of the agent triggering this process.
Allelic Variation, Aneuploidy, and Nongenetic Mechanisms Suppress a Monogenic Trait in Yeast
Authors: Sirr Amy , Cromie Gareth A , Jeffery Eric W , Gilbert Teresa L , Ludlow Catherine L , Scott Adrian C , Dudley Aimée M 
Published: November 2014

AbstractClinically relevant features of monogenic diseases, including severity of symptoms and age of onset, can vary widely in response to environmental differences as well as to the presence of genetic modifiers affecting the trait’s penetrance and expressivity. While a better understanding of modifier loci could lead to treatments for Mendelian diseases, the rarity of individuals harboring both a disease-causing allele and a modifying genotype hinders their study in human populations. We examined the genetic architecture of monogenic trait modifiers using a well-characterized yeast model of the human Mendelian disease classic galactosemia. Yeast strains with loss-of-function mutations in the yeast ortholog (GAL7) of the human disease gene (GALT) fail to grow in the presence of even small amounts of galactose due to accumulation of the same toxic intermediates that poison human cells. To isolate and individually genotype large numbers of the very rare (∼0.1%) galactose-tolerant recombinant progeny from a cross between two gal7Δ parents, we developed a new method, called “FACS-QTL.” FACS-QTL improves upon the currently used approaches of bulk segregant analysis and extreme QTL mapping by requiring less genome engineering and strain manipulation as well as maintaining individual genotype information. Our results identified multiple distinct solutions by which the monogenic trait could be suppressed, including genetic and nongenetic mechanisms as well as frequent aneuploidy. Taken together, our results imply that the modifiers of monogenic traits are likely to be genetically complex and heterogeneous.
Classification and Diagnosis of Axial Spondyloarthritis — What Is the Clinically Relevant Difference?
Authors: Braun Jurgen , Baraliakos Xenofon , Kiltz Uta , Heldmann Frank , Sieper Joachim 
Published: November 2014

Objective.The Assessment of Spondyloarthritis international Society (ASAS) classification criteria for axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) have added nonradiographic axSpA (nr-axSpA) to the classic ankylosing spondylitis (AS) as defined by the modified New York criteria. However, some confusion remains about differences between classification and diagnosis of axSpA. Our objective was to analyze differences between classification and diagnostic criteria by discussing each feature of the classification criteria based on real cases.Methods.The clinical features of the ASAS classification criteria were evaluated in relation to their significance for an expert diagnosis of axSpA. Twenty cases referred to our tertiary center outpatient clinic were selected because of an incorrect diagnosis of axSpA: 10 cases in which axSpA had been excluded initially because the classification criteria were not fulfilled, and 10 patients who had been previously diagnosed with axSpA because the classification criteria were fulfilled. Upon reevaluation, the former were diagnosed with axSpA while the latter had other diseases.Results.All items that are part of the classification criteria show some variability related to their relevance for a diagnosis of axSpA. There are clinical features suggestive of axSpA that are not part of the classification criteria. Misinterpretation of imaging procedures contributed to false-positive results. Rarely, other diseases may mimic axSpA.Conclusion.Because the sensitivity and specificity of the axSpA classification criteria have been around 80% in clinical trials, some false-positive and false-negative cases were expected. It is hoped that their detailed description and discussion will help to increase the understanding of diagnosing axSpA in relation to the ASAS classification criteria.
Controverses sur le vote frontiste
Authors: Padis Marc-Olivier 
Published: November 2014

Comment expliquer l’installation du Front national dans la vie politique française ? Faut-il s’attacher aux raisons politiques, sociologiques ? Derrière la difficulté à saisir le profil des électeurs frontistes, trois polémiques récurrentes opposent les analystes du vote, qui portent sur le vote ouvrier, le vote catholique et le vote périurbain.
The Photographs of Terence V. Powderly
Authors: Shepherd William John 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Terence Vincent Powderly (1849–1924) was a national celebrity who personified the American labor movement in the late nineteenth century during his tenure (1879–93) as head of the Knights of Labor, the era's largest organization of American workers. Unions were especially important in his native Pennsylvania and his reform efforts found a sympathetic political audience. He was also a dedicated public servant with three terms (1878–84) as a progressive mayor of Scranton and a reform-minded federal bureaucrat (1897–1924) in Washington, DC. In addition, he supported Irish nationalism, serving as a member of the secret pro-independence Clan Na Gael society and the Irish Land League political organization that favored the rights of tenant farmers. He was often photographed, or had photographs given to him, and late in life became an avid photographer with thousands of photographs preserved in his personal papers housed at the Catholic University of America in Washington, DC.
The Logical Place to Take a Picture
Authors: Slavishak Edward 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
This article uses the photographer William Gedney's visit to Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, in 1975 to consider three aspects of urban touring. First, Gedney's appreciation of Bethlehem's aesthetics derived from his adoration of Walker Evans's well-known 1935 photo from Bethlehem. Gedney mimicked Evans's moves forty years later, much like fringe tourists interested in urban decay in the twenty-first century study each other's images to establish valuable sites and styles. Second, Gedney's visit remained largely disconnected from the variety of economic and demographic change that occurred locally in the sixties and seventies. His focus on surfaces in his photography was echoed by his surface contact with the city itself. Finally, I argue that his photographs should be interpreted in relation to his previous work in the United States and India. Gedney's trip provides an opportunity to rework narratives of urban decline in the twentieth century.
Structural evolution of long‐duration meteor trail irregularities driven by neutral wind
Authors: Li Guozhu , Ning Baiqi , Chu Yen‐Hsyang , Reid I. M. , Hu L. , Dolman B. K. , Xiong J. , Jiang G. , Yang G. , Yan C. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAn experiment on spatial domain interferometry observations of meteor trail irregularities at a low‐latitude location in China was conducted during August 2013 using the Sanya VHF coherent radar (18.4°N, 109.6°E). More than 3 thousand range‐spread meteor trail echoes (RSTEs) were observed. Among the trail echoes, the spatial structure of meteor trail irregularities responsible for a single long‐duration RSTE event persisting for ~4 min was reconstructed. This RSTE was found to be initially generated at 90–115 km altitudes and aligned along the radar beam boresight. After about the first minute of the trail lifetime, the trail echo appeared only in a narrow altitude range of 94–98 km. An analysis on the spatial pattern of the long‐duration RSTE showed that the trail irregularities at lower range gates moved away from the region perpendicular to the geomagnetic field. The eastward drifts of the RSTE irregularities were found to decrease with increasing altitude, e.g., from 80 ms−1 at ~94 km to 20 ms−1 at ~100 km. Simultaneous horizontal neutral wind measurements made with the Fuke all‐sky meteor radar (located north of Sanya) recorded a similar velocity profile. We suggest that the neutral wind could drive the spatial structural evolution of the RSTE irregularities, and help to determine the altitudes where the longest portion of the RSTE was located.
Biopolyester‐based nanocomposites: Structural, thermo‐mechanical and biocompatibility characteristics of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate)/montmorillonite clay nanohybrids
Authors: Panayotidou Elpiniki , Kroustalli Anthoula , Baklavaridis Apostolos , Zuburtikudis Ioannis , Achilias Dimitris S. , Deligianni Despoina 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTIn this work, the structural, thermal, mechanical, and biocompatibility characteristics of biopolyester‐based nanocomposites with phyllosilicate clays, namely those of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) with octadecylamine‐modified montmorillonite (C18MMT), are reported. PHB/clay nanocomposites with various loadings were prepared by melt mixing. X‐ray diffraction measurements and transmission electron microscopy images revealed the coexistence of intercalated and exfoliated states in the produced nanocomposites. Atomic force microscopy imaging also shed light to the morphological characteristics of the pure PHB and the prepared nanocomposites. The thermal stability of the nanohybrid materials was improved with the 5 wt % loading nanocomposite to show the best improvement. In addition, the nanohybrids have lower melting point compared to pure PHB and enhanced storage modulus (E′). Finally, the biocompatibility of pristine PHB and the 5 wt % nanocomposite was assessed by studying the morphology and proliferation of osteoblast cells attached on their surfaces. The results after 3 and 7 days of cell culturing indicate the incorporation of nanoclays does not change the cell adhesion and spreading as compared to those on pure PHB. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41628.
Nanocomposites of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate)/organomodified montmorillonite: Effect of the nanofiller on the polymer's biodegradation
Authors: Panayotidou Elpiniki , Baklavaridis Apostolos , Zuburtikudis Ioannis , Achilias Dimitris S. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTPoly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) is a biopolymer that can be degraded by extracellular PHB depolymerase. This enzyme is secreted by various microorganisms, but bacterial PHB depolymerases are the most widely studied. The biodegradability rate depends on various factors. By controlling them, the biodegradability rate can change and be customized, and thus, the applications of the polymer can increase and become more diverse. In this work, the role of organomodified montmorillonite (OMMT) on PHB biodegradation was investigated. Using the melt‐mixing method, nanocomposites of PHB and OMMT as the nanofiller were prepared. The enzyme was isolated from the fungus Penicillium pinophilum and the enzymatic degradation was studied for both pure polymer and its nanocomposites. It was found that, after 25 days of enzymatic degradation, the mass loss was very low, while the polymer's average molecular weight as measured by gel permeation chromatography was significantly reduced (more than 50%). Additional peaks corresponding to PHB oligomers (from pentamers to nonamers) appeared after biodegradation. This behavior was observed for pure PHB and the hybrid materials. Scanning electron microscopy imaging of the biodegraded surfaces and analysis of these images showed that the higher amount of nanoclay (10 wt %) resulted in larger biodegraded area of the specimens. The results presented here demonstrate that the presence of the nanoclays enhances the biodegradation rate of pure PHB polymer and provide quantitative data for the biodegradation of PHB/organoclay hybrid materials. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41656.
Review
Authors: Haglund Laila 
Published: November 2014

The Ethnography of Aboriginal Groups in the Central Queensland Highlands. By M. J. Morwood. Cultural Research Management Monograph Series No. 1. Department of Aboriginal and Islanders Advancement, Archaeology Branch, 1982. Pp. 60. Free. ISBN 0 7242 0984 0The Fitzroy River Region — A Guide to Anthropological and Archaeological Research. By N. Richardson. Cultural Resource Management Monograph Series No. 2. Department of Aboriginal and Islanders Advancement, Archaeology Branch, Brisbane, 1982. Pp. 51. Free. ISBN 0 7242 1112 8Aboriginal Sites of the Albert Valley, Southeast Queensland. By D. S. Gillieson. Cultural Resource Management Monograph Series No. 3. Department of Aboriginal and Islanders Advancement, Archaeology Branch, Brisbane, 1982. Pp. 46. Free. ISBN 0 7242 1113 6
Holocene mammal faunas from archaeological sites in island Melanesia
Authors: Flannery T.F , Kirch P.V. , Specht J. , Spriggs M. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractFaunal remains from archaeological sites on Buka, Nissan, and Tikopia Islands. Southwest Pacific include a number of taxa not previously recorded from those islands. These are Rattus praetor for both Nissan and Tikopia, and Thylogale brunii. Unicomys poneeleti. and Uromys salebrosus for Buka. R. praetor and T. brunii were probably introduced into the region by humans during the mid Holocene. Following the initial expansion in the ranges of these taxa, some island populations became extinct.
Archaeological excavations on Santa Cruz (Nendö), southeast Solomon Islands: summary report
Authors: McCoy Patrick C. , Cleghorn Paul L. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe excavations of seven archaeological sites on the island of Santa Cruz (Nendö), undertaken during the second phase of the Southeast Solomon Islands Culture History Program in 1977–78 are briefly summarized and the results discussed in terms of a local and regional culture historical framework. The local sequence, characterized by an earlier ceramic period and a later aceramic period, appears to have begun some 3000 years ago with a Western Lapita occupation, though there is also evidence for a coeval plain pottery complex that existed for a longer period of time. On present evidence the important ceramic to aceramic transition took place on Santa Cruz between c. 100 BC and AD 100. Only one site contains evidence of the early part of the aceramic period, which thus remains essentially unknown, including the matter of whether or not Santa Cruz was part of a posited regional exchange network in the first millenium AD. The latter part of the local sequence is represented in several sites from which important data were obtained relating to settlement and subsistence patterns, material culture and technology. including craft specialization, and ritual dance circles.
Deconstructing Pacific palaeodemography: a critique of density dependent causality
Authors: Sutton Douglas G. , Molloy Maureen A. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThree demographic assumptions which underlie widely accepted models of process in Polynesian prehistory are examined. These are: 1) that population growth follows a sigmoid curve; 2) that the form of this curve is density dependent; and 3) that mortality increased as density rose. We argue that these three assumptions are based on the misuse of demographic algorithms; misapplication of a model based on colonising animal populations and the use of extraordinary cases to construct a general ‘Polynesian case‘. Algorithms developed since 1983 indicate that differences in fertility, rather than mortality, have structured the results of life table analyses in Pacific palaeodemography. These fertility shifts are not density dependent.
Excavations at the Ureia site, Aitutaki, Cook Islands: preliminary results
Authors: Allen M.S. , Steadman D.W. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIn 1987 we excavated 11m2 of cultural deposit at the Ureia site (AIT10), Aitutaki, Cook Islands. First discovered and excavated by Peter Bellwood in 1970, the coastal Ureia site is very rich in midden, particularly fish bone and marine molluscs. We identified 13 main stratigraphic layers at Ureia. of which Layers III. V. and VII represent the primary concentrations of cultural materials. Nine radio‐carbon dates on charcoal range from 200 ± 50 yr BP (Layer III) to 1040 ± 80 yr BP (Layer VII). Our attempts to date the presumably older strata that underlie Layer VII have been unsuccessful. The Ureia site has yielded bones of two species of birds that no longer occur on Aitutaki: the Sooty Crake (Porzana tabuensis) and an extinct, undescribed species of whistling duck (cf. Dendrocygna).
Pleistocene faunal loss: implications of the aftershock for Australia's past and future
Authors: Flannery T. F. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA unifying, predictive hypothesis is developed that explains many facets of late Quaternary biotic change in Australia. Pleistocene faunal extinction (commonly called megafaunal extinction) is envisaged as the precipitating mechanism for much environmental change. The extinction is thought to be of the “blitzkrieg” type as presented by Martin (1973), and was followed by suppression through human hunting of the remaining large herbivores. Much vegetation was left uneaten because of these events, resulting in an increased standing crop of fuel. Increased fuel continuity and mass ensured that fires could become much larger and hotter than was usually possible previously. The changed fire regime eventually eliminated fire sensitive Gondwanan rainforest elements from almost all parts of the continent that were not protected. Aborigines responded to the changed fire regime with firestick farming. This maintained a high diversity as it ameliorated the worst effects of fires on medium‐sized mammals and possibly some plants. Twentieth century Australian mammal extinctions are the result of a trophic cascade that followed the cessation of firestick farming.
Radiocarbon dates from midden sites in the lower Darling River area of western New South Wales
Authors: Balme J. , Hope J. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractSeventy two of the 88 radiocarbon determinations available for archaeological sites and the sediments associated with the Darling River, its anabranches and associated lakes between Wilcannia and the Murray River in western NSW, are on shell samples collected from middens. The geographic distribution of the dated sites reflects the past hydrology of the region and distribution of preservational sediments in the area as well as past human use of the region.The earliest evidence for human use of the lakes is from a series of middens at Lake Tandou which are dated to about 27,000 years BP but the lack of older sites may simply reflect the lack of exposure normally provided by active dune formation. All of the Pleistocene shell middens are associated with an ancestral Darling River course which was activated some time before 36,000 years ago and is now represented by anabranches of the present river channel. Holocene shell middens between Wilcannia and the Murray River are all associated with the present Darling River channel which formed sometime between 9,000 and 7,000 years ago. These dates when taken in conjunction with the radiocarbon dates on shell middens from the Willandra area show that there has been an almost continuous use of aquatic resources in the Murray‐Darling Basin since about 36,000 years BP. When radiocarbon dates on charcoal from other archaeological sites in the area are added to this sequence the discontinuities in the shell date sequence are filled. This indicates that there has been a continuous human presence in the Murray‐Darling Basin since this time.
Helping the police with their inquiries: archaeology and politics at Angophora Reserve rockshelter, N.S.W.
Authors: McDonald Josephine , Ross Anne 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIn New South Wales the legal provisions for the protection of Aboriginal skeletal remains are clear. However, when human remains were discovered at the Aboriginal site of Angophora Reserve rockshelter in Sydney, the situation became complex and confused as coronial investigations and legal procedures dominated archaeological methodology and principle.In this paper we discuss how normal archaeological techniques had to be modified, often beyond acceptable levels, because of the demands of the Coroner's Court. We also discuss the legal and moral ramifications of this case, and focus on the philosophical issue of identification and retention of archaeological Aboriginal skeletal remains when there is conflict between different groups of ‘professionals‘.We also provide some initial results from the excavation, and outline the methodological constraints which were introduced by external influences. The problems and political ramifications generated by this approach are discussed within the framework of archaeological research and cultural resource management.