bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors Influencing Treatment Delays in Trauma Patients: A Three-delay Model Approach
Authors: Badkur Mayank , Kharkongor Marina , Sharma Naveen , Singh Saurabh , Khera Pushpinder , Puranik Ashok , Rodha Mahaveer Singh 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Identifying factors causing treatment delays is essential for guiding decisions on resource allocation within trauma systems. The three-delay model categorizes delays into: (i) deciding to seek medical care (Phase 1), (ii) recognizing the need for transporting to a medical facility (Phase 2), and (iii) receiving suitable and timely treatment (Phase 3). We seek to investigate factors influencing delays in trauma patients using the three-delay model.

Methods:
We conducted an 18-month prospective observational study at a tertiary hospital, involving consenting adults (age >18 years) admitted for various traumas. We conducted a detailed interview and extracted objective patient data from medical records using a predetermined form. We observed and analyzed factors influencing the duration of the three phases.

Results:
Phase 1 delays were observed in 83 patients, Phase 2 delays in 200 patients, and Phase 3 delays in 233 patients. In Phase 3 delays, a shortage of human resources was the most frequently identified cause of delay, affecting 68 out of 233 patients (29%). In severe trauma cases (injury severity score ≥16), any phase delay showed a significant association with poor outcomes (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
The three-delay model offers a valuable framework for understanding and pinpointing the factors contributing to delays in both prehospital and inhospital services.
A Comparative Study of Central and Peripheral Arterial Parameters in Hypertensive Patients on Angiotensin Receptor Blockers and Calcium Channel Blockers
Authors: Rao Kailas Laxman , Hazari Mohammed Abdul Hannan , Tazneem Bachi , Aziz Ahmed Abdul , Mohtesham Asiya , Afreen A. , Priyanka Kethavath 
Published: August 2024

Aims:
Untreated or inappropriately managed hypertension (HTN) is a significant risk factor for all-cause morbidity and mortality due to its complications. For proper management of HTN, timely diagnosis and classification into appropriate category is crucial. According to hypertensive class category, pharmacological therapy can be initiated according to the national or international guidelines. Various antihypertensive medications have differential effects on peripheral and central arterial parameters. Our study was aimed at comparing the effects of two classes of antihypertensive drugs, i.e., angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) and calcium channel blockers (CCBs).

Materials and Methods:
Hypertensive patients on monotherapy – ARBs (Group 1, n = 35) and CCBs (Group 2, n = 35) – over the age of 18 years, belonging to both genders, were recruited.

Results:
Heart rate and peripheral and central arterial pressures were lower in Group 2 compared to Group 1; ankle brachial index and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity were less in Group 1 in comparison with Group 2; but these differences were statistically not significant.

Conclusions:
We conclude that the two groups of drugs were equally effective in blood pressure reduction, both in central and peripheral arteries.
Estimating the Prevalence of Self-Medication Practices among a Representative Population of Medical Students
Authors: Shrivastava Saurabh RamBihariLal , Prabhakar Sujit , Telrandhe Shital 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
In the domain of healthcare delivery, self medication (SM) is a widely prevalent form of health seeking behavior.

Objectives:
The current study has been planned with the objectives to estimate the prevalence of SM practices among medical students, and to assess the knowledge pertaining to SM among the study population.

Methods:
A cross sectional descriptive study will be conducted among a representative population of medical students in a rural medical college for a period of two months among 205 students. The data collection tool will be a pilot tested semi-structured questionnaire and will be used after obtaining written informed consent. The statistical analysis will be done using SPSS version 16.

Results:
Results will be presented using descriptive (frequency, percentages, mean, and standard deviation) and inferential (chi-square test) statistics.

Conclusion:
Considering the rising and alarming trends of antimicrobial resistance, it is our duty that we estimate the prevalence of SM among medical students and accordingly create awareness about not encouraging indiscriminate use of over the counter drugs.
Comparative Assessment of the Effectiveness of Carbamazepine and Baclofen in the Management of Trigeminal Neuralgia
Authors: Sangamesh N. C. , Bajoria Atul A. , Mishra Silpiranjan , Behera Sharmila , Sahoo Sanjay K. , Bal Pratik Kumar 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
The study aimed to compare the effectiveness of carbamazepine and baclofen in the medical management of trigeminal neuralgia.

Materials and Methods:
100 trigeminal neuralgia patients were randomly divided into two groups with 50 samples in each. Group A had patients treated with carbamazepine while Group B comprised of patients treated using baclofen. Follow-up was performed on the initial, 15 days, 1 month, and 3 months duration. The data was statistically evaluated.

Results:
Carbamazepine showed a “good response” in 54.39% of patients at initial follow-up, and adverse side effects increased in 20–29.49% of patients from the initial to 3-month duration. On the other hand, baclofen demonstrated a “good response” in 54.45% of patients at initial follow-up. At 800 mg, a “good response” was noted in 87.9% of patients, whereas 16.9% of patients had an “average response” and a “good response” after 1 month. At 3 months, 99.87% of patients showed a “good response.” Both groups showed similar success rates after 3 months.

Conclusion:
Adverse effects incidence and success were similar in both groups.
Comparative Evaluation of Serum Levels of Vitamin B12, Folic Acid, and ESR in Chronic Periodontitis Among Smokers, Gutkha Chewers, and Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Singh Deepshikha , Gupta Shruti , Goswami Arpita , Das Neelam , Singh Amit K. , Sarkar Saranik 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim:
The purpose of this research is to determine the relationship between periodontal disease severity, cigarette smoking, gutka chewing, and type 2 diabetes mellitus by estimating, correlating, and comparing blood levels of vitamin B12, folic acid, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in patients with chronic periodontitis.

Methodology:
A cross-sectional research study conducted at Rama Dental College Hospital and Research Centre in Kanpur involved 240 patients with chronic periodontitis, who also exhibited additional risk factors including smoking, gutkha chewing, and type-2 diabetes mellitus. Divided into four groups of 60 individuals each, the study aimed to estimate and correlate blood levels of vitamin B12, folic acid, and ESR. Group I served as the control with chronic periodontitis patients, while Group II comprised chronic periodontitis patients who were smokers, Group III included those who chewed gutkha, and Group IV consisted of patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus. Clinical parameters were assessed, and patients were followed up to track any changes or correlations.

Result:
This research confirmed that low levels of vitamin B12 and folic acid are linked to inflammatory diseases such chronic periodontitis.

Conclusion:
The study revealed that type-2 diabetic and gutka chewer groups exhibited statistically higher periodontal disease severity, vitamin B12, and folic acid deficiencies and elevated ESR compared to smokers and control groups.
Retrospective Review of Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy Outcomes in Pediatric Patients: Complications and Recurrence Rates
Authors: Rao P Srinivas Narasinga , Ajmeera Raju Naik , Abhishek M P , Nalini M. Rama , Malik Kirti , Nelson Anish , Tiwari Rahul 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective:
This retrospective review aimed to analyze the outcomes of tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy (T and A) procedures in pediatric patients, focusing on complications and recurrence rates.

Methods:
Medical records of pediatric patients who underwent T and A were retrospectively reviewed. Data on patient demographics, preoperative indications, surgical techniques, intraoperative findings, postoperative complications, and recurrence rates were collected and analyzed.

Results:
A total of 240 pediatric patients were included in the study. Postoperative complications occurred with postoperative bleeding being the most common (5.2%). Other complications included infection (3.1%), respiratory compromise (1.7%), and velopharyngeal insufficiency (0.6%). Recurrence of tonsillitis and adenoiditis was observed in 6.7% of cases, respectively.

Conclusion:
This retrospective review provides valuable insights into the outcomes of T and A procedures in pediatric patients. Postoperative complications, including bleeding and infection, underscore the importance of meticulous surgical technique and postoperative care. Recurrence rates of tonsillitis and adenoiditis highlight the need for long-term follow-up and surveillance in pediatric patients undergoing T and A.
To Assess the Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Dental Trauma and Its Management among School Teachers
Authors: Biswas Arpan , Khan Mohsin , Awate Shahabaj J. , Chauhan Minal , Kavitake Ranjeet D. , Singh Rudra P. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Dental traumas, particularly tooth avulsion, represent a significant dental emergency among children, frequently occurring in schools. The knowledge and immediate response of schoolteachers are crucial for the prognosis of such emergencies.

Materials and Methods:
This interventional study assessed the knowledge and attitudes of 248 primary school teachers in Rajasthan, India, regarding dental trauma management. Utilizing a questionnaire-based approach, the study was conducted in three phases: preintervention assessment, an informative 45-minute lecture, and a postintervention follow-up. Statistical significance was set at 5%, and the Chi-square test was employed for analysis.

Results:
The initial survey revealed a lack of knowledge among teachers regarding dental trauma management, with significant improvement observed in the follow-up phase post intervention. Over 90% of participants showed improved knowledge, with statistical significance (P < 0.0001).

Conclusion:
The study highlights a notable deficiency in school teachers’ knowledge on dental trauma management initially, which significantly improved following an oral health promotion intervention. This underscores the effectiveness of educational programs in enhancing the management of dental emergencies by schoolteachers.
Evaluating the Long-Term Effects of Orthodontic Treatment on Facial Esthetics and Aging
Authors: Tanpure Vijaysinh R. , Palagiri Firoz B. , Wajekar Nimish A. , Pathak Snehal S. , Devaki Sathish B. , Shah Mithun J. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Orthodontic treatment is known to significantly impact facial esthetics, but there is a lack of long-term studies examining its effects, particularly in conjunction with the natural aging process. This study aims to fill this gap by investigating the enduring effects of orthodontic treatment on facial esthetics and aging over a 15-year period.

Materials and Methods:
Three hundred orthodontic patients aged 12 to 25 at the start of treatment were included. Dental alignment, soft tissue transformations, skeletal changes, and patient-reported outcomes were measured objectively. Statistical analyses were conducted to compare pretreatment and post-treatment measurements.

Results:
Significant improvements were observed across various aspects following orthodontic treatment. Dental alignment showed a marked reduction in crowding, with an average decrease of 5.2 mm. Soft tissue transformations revealed notable advancements in lip positioning, averaging 3.8 mm, along with increased lip thickness. Skeletal changes were relatively modest, characterized by subtle alterations in chin positioning and mandibular angles. Patients reported high levels of satisfaction, reflected by an average score of 9.2 on the satisfaction scale. Despite treatment efficacy, the aging process continued to manifest natural changes in skin elasticity and fat distribution over the 15-year follow-up period. These findings underscore the multifaceted nature of orthodontic outcomes and highlight the importance of considering long-term effects on facial esthetics and aging.

Conclusion:
This longitudinal study provides valuable insights into the long-term effects of orthodontic treatment on facial esthetics and aging. It highlights significant improvements in dental alignment and soft tissue transformations, along with sustained patient satisfaction. However, modest skeletal changes and the ongoing aging process emphasize the need for managing patient expectations. These findings can guide practitioners and patients in making informed decisions regarding orthodontic interventions.
Evaluation of Pain and Discomfort Associated with Orthodontic Adjustments
Authors: Mohanty Biswaroop , Chekka Manjunath , Sowmya Cherukupalli , Khurana Rattan , Manga Udayini Monica , Datla Praveen Kumar Varma , Somaraj Vinej 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Orthodontic treatment is commonly associated with pain and discomfort, impacting patient experience and treatment compliance. Understanding the factors influencing pain perception is crucial for improving pain management strategies during orthodontic adjustments.

Methods:
Pain levels were assessed using a “Visual Analog Scale (VAS)” before and after each adjustment session. Qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews conducted immediately post-adjustment. Statistical analyses were performed to compare mean pain scores before and after adjustments, and thematic analysis was conducted to identify common themes in qualitative data.

Results:
Quantitative analysis revealed a significant increase in mean pain scores following orthodontic adjustments (P < 0.001). Qualitative analysis identified themes related to pain experiences, including anticipation of discomfort, adaptation over time, and coping strategies employed by patients.

Conclusion:
Orthodontic adjustments induce varying levels of pain and discomfort among patients. By integrating quantitative and qualitative assessments, this study provides comprehensive insights into patient experiences during orthodontic treatment, informing strategies for pain management and patient care.
Evaluation of Post-Operative Pain and Healing in Single-Visit versus Multiple-Visit Root Canal Therapy
Authors: Mirza Mubashir Baig , Cherukuri Prasanthi , Mathew Tony , Bagewadi Nagaratna , Krishna Vamshi V , Chohan Hitesh , Thakkar Radhika 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
“Root canal therapy (RCT)” is a common endodontic procedure targeted at preserving teeth compromised by pulp infection. The debate over the optimal number of visits for RCT remains inconclusive, with single- and multiple-visit approaches both being advocated.

Methods:
A prospective research was conducted on 100 subjects undergoing RCT at a tertiary care center. Subjects were randomly ascribed to the single-/multiple-visit group. Post-operative pain was assessed using a “visual analog scale,” and healing outcomes were evaluated through peri-apical radiographs.

Results:
Post-operative pain levels were comparable between the single- and multiple-visit clusters at all time points. However, healing outcomes differed significantly, with a higher percentage of healed cases observed in the single-visit group compared to the multiple-visit group.

Conclusion:
While both single-visit and multiple-visit RCT protocols resulted in similar post-operative pain levels, the single-visit approach demonstrated superior healing outcomes. These findings emphasize the need for personalized treatment approaches based on patient characteristics and clinical considerations in endodontic practice.
Retrospective Analysis of Treatment Outcomes and Survival Rates in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients
Authors: Kukreja Pankaj , Grewal Raman , Tejaswee Annaluru Sri Sasank , Sharma Sanjeev , Maini Anuj Paul , Chandran Thara , Gulia Sunil Kumar 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Because of its high rates of morbidity and death, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) poses a serious threat to world health. To maximize patient care and direct clinical decision-making, it is important to comprehend treatment results and survival rates.

Methods:
Treatment results and survival rates for OSCC patients treated at a tertiary care facility between 2010 and 2022 were assessed in this retrospective research. Demographic data, tumor features, treatment options, and follow-up results were all included in the data. The relationships between treatment methods and survival rates were evaluated by statistical analysis.

Results:
There were 107 OSCC patients in all. Compared to radiation and chemotherapy, surgery had reduced recurrence rates and greater overall survival rates as the most common treatment option. There were notable variations in survival rates across the various treatment regimens (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Surgery is the mainstay. Adjuvant treatments, however, are complementary in the management of illness. The significance of customized treatment strategies based on unique patient attributes and tumor features is highlighted by this study in order to maximize results for patients with OSCC. To confirm these results and investigate cutting-edge treatment approaches, more investigation is necessary.
Cost-Effective Staining Alternatives to Immunohistochemistry for Keratin Demonstration in Oral Epithelial Pathologies
Authors: Ghritlahare Himanta , Einstein A. , Patel Swatantra , Kerketta Rashmi C. , Mishra Shubhangi D. , Kujur Shirish K. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Demonstrating keratin is crucial in diagnosing various epithelial pathologies and is typically done through histological and immunohistochemical (IHC) methods. While IHC staining for keratin is highly specific, it can be costly and time-consuming. Therefore, common histological staining methods for keratin, suitable for routine histotechniques labs, are gaining importance.

Methodology:
Twenty formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks, each representing histologically confirmed normal oral mucosa (NOM), hyperorthokeratosis (HOK), and well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (WDSCC), were retrieved. Five histological sections of 4-μ thickness from each block were stained using routine hematoxylin and eosin (H and E), modified pap stain (mPap), Ayoub-Shklar (AS), Dane-Herman (DH), and Alcian blue-PAS stains (AB-PAS). Two independent observers evaluated the stained sections and scored staining specificity and intensity. Statistical comparisons were made.

Results:
All sections of NOM, HOK, and WDSCC showed positive staining for keratin with each of the five stains used. The staining specificity and intensity scores were highest with the AS stain and lowest with the AB-PAS stain.

Conclusion:
Routine H and E, mPap, AS, and DH stains effectively stained keratin with adequate intensity in NOM, HOK, and WDSCC. However, while AB-PAS stain also positively stained keratin, its staining intensity was poor across all three tissue types.
Ocular Manifestations of Systemic Diseases: Implications for Comprehensive Patient Care
Authors: Kumar Sunil , Deepankar  , Kiran Neha , Mahato Rohit Kumar 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Ocular manifestations of systemic diseases pose significant challenges to clinicians due to their diverse presentations and potential impact on vision. Understanding these manifestations is crucial for effective patient management and prevention of vision loss.

Materials and Methods:
In this prospective clinical study, we investigated ocular manifestations in 50 patients with various systemic diseases, including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, autoimmune disorders, and infectious diseases. Patients underwent comprehensive ocular examinations and systemic evaluations to assess the prevalence and characteristics of ocular complications associated with each systemic condition.

Conclusion:
Diabetic retinopathy was the most common ocular manifestation among diabetic patients, while hypertensive retinopathy predominated in hypertensive individuals. Autoimmune disorders were associated with uveitis and retinal vasculitis, whereas infectious diseases presented with ocular infections. Correlation analyses revealed significant associations between systemic parameters and ocular findings, emphasizing the importance of systemic disease control in preventing vision-threatening complications.
Comparative Analysis of the Antibacterial Properties of Various Periodontal Bone Graft Materials In Vitro
Authors: Abushama Azza A. , Osman Nuha Abdalla 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Periodontal bone grafting is a common procedure in dentistry to restore bone loss resulting from periodontal disease. Various graft materials are available, each with different antibacterial properties. Understanding these properties is crucial for successful grafting outcomes.

Materials and Methods:
In this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of the antibacterial properties of four commonly used periodontal bone graft materials: The graft used were A: Hydroxyapatite, B: B TCP, C: Bioactive glass, D: Calcium Phosphate materials. Each material was subjected to in vitro testing using a standardized bacterial culture assay. Antibacterial activity was assessed by measuring the zone of inhibition around each material after exposure to bacterial cultures.

Results:
Material A exhibited the highest antibacterial activity with an average zone of inhibition of 12.3 mm, followed by Material C with 9.8 mm, Material D with 8.5 mm, and Material B with 6.2 mm. These arbitrary values reflect the relative efficacy of each material in inhibiting bacterial growth.

Conclusion:
Our findings suggest that Material A possesses the strongest antibacterial properties among the tested periodontal bone graft materials. This may contribute to improved clinical outcomes in periodontal bone grafting procedures by reducing the risk of postoperative infections. Further research is warranted to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the antibacterial effects of these materials and to validate our in vitro findings in clinical settings.