bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reading in the brain of children and adults: A meta‐analysis of 40 functional magnetic resonance imaging studies
Authors: Martin Anna , Schurz Matthias , Kronbichler Martin , Richlan Fabio 
Published: January 2015

AbstractWe used quantitative, coordinate‐based meta‐analysis to objectively synthesize age‐related commonalities and differences in brain activation patterns reported in 40 functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies of reading in children and adults. Twenty fMRI studies with adults (age means: 23–34 years) were matched to 20 studies with children (age means: 7–12 years). The separate meta‐analyses of these two sets showed a pattern of reading‐related brain activation common to children and adults in left ventral occipito‐temporal (OT), inferior frontal, and posterior parietal regions. The direct statistical comparison between the two meta‐analytic maps of children and adults revealed higher convergence in studies with children in left superior temporal and bilateral supplementary motor regions. In contrast, higher convergence in studies with adults was identified in bilateral posterior OT/cerebellar and left dorsal precentral regions. The results are discussed in relation to current neuroanatomical models of reading and tentative functional interpretations of reading‐related activation clusters in children and adults are provided. Hum Brain Mapp 36:1963–1981, 2015. © 2015 The Authors Human Brain Mapping Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc..
Protective effect of fluoride varnish and fluoride gel on enamel erosion: roughness, SEM‐EDS, and µ‐EDXRF studies
Authors: Soares Luís Eduardo Silva , De Carvalho Filho Antonio Carlos Belfort 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe effects of fluoride treatment on bovine enamel subjected to acid erosion were studied by roughness (Ra) measurements, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and microenergy‐dispersive X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry (μ‐EDXRF).Materials and MethodEnamel samples (63) were divided into nine groups (n = 7): artificial saliva (AS), Pepsi Twist®(PT), orange juice (OJ), Duraphat® + Pepsi Twist®(DPH/PT), Duraphat® + orange juice (DPH/OJ), Duofluorid® + Pepsi Twist®(DUO/PT), Duofluorid® + orange juice (DUO/OJ), fluoride gel + Pepsi Twist®(FG/PT), and fluoride gel + orange juice (FG/OJ). Fluoride was applied and the samples were submitted to six cycles (demineralization: Pepsi Twist®or orange juice, 10 min; remineralization: saliva, 1 h). The enamel surface in depth was exposed and 63 line‐scan maps were performed.ResultsThe elemental analysis by EDS revealed that only fluoride treated groups had any detectable fluorine after erosion cycles (DPH/PT: 3.50 wt%; DPH/OJ: 3.37 wt%; DUO/PT: 2.69 wt%; DUO/OJ: 3.54 wt%; FG/PT: 2.17 wt%; FG/OJ: 2.77 wt%). PT treatment resulted in significantly higher Ra values than the artificial saliva (P < 0.001). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of fluoride protected enamel showed areas with some globular structures or a residual layer of varnish. The enamel thickness was significantly lower in PT (0.63 ± 0.087 mm) than in DPH/PT (0.87 ± 0.16 mm) and DUO/PT (0.92 ± 0.14 mm) groups (P < 0.01).Clinical RelevanceFluoride treatments protected enamel without Ra increase and loss of enamel tissue.Microsc. Res. Tech. 78:240–248, 2015.© 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Characteristics of primary care providers who adopted the hospitalist model from 2001 to 2009
Authors: Boonyasai Romsai T. , Lin Yu‐Li , Brotman Daniel J. , Kuo Yong‐Fang , Goodwin James S. 
Published: January 2015

BACKGROUNDThe characteristics of primary care providers (PCPs) who use hospitalists are unknown.METHODSRetrospective study using 100% Texas Medicare claims from 2001 through 2009. Descriptive statistics characterized proportion of PCPs using hospitalists over time. Trajectory analysis and multilevel models of 1172 PCPs with ≥20 inpatients in every study year characterized how PCPs adopted the hospitalist model and PCP factors associated with this transition.RESULTSHospitalist use increased between 2001 and 2009. PCPs who adopted the hospitalist model transitioned rapidly. In multilevel models, hospitalist use was associated with US training (odds ratio [OR] 1.46, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.23‐1.73 in 2007–2009), family medicine specialty (OR: 1.46, 95% CI: 1.25‐1.70 in 2007–2009), and having high outpatient volumes (OR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.20‐1.44 in 2007–2009). Over time, relative hospitalist use decreased among female PCPs (OR: 1.91, 95% CI: 1.46‐2.50 in 2001–2003; OR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.15‐1.95 in 2007–2009), those in urban locations (OR: 3.34, 95% CI: 2.72‐4.09 in 2001–2003; OR: 2.22, 95% CI: 1.82‐2.71 in 2007–2009), and those with higher inpatient volumes (OR: 1.05, 95% CI: 0.95‐1.18 in 2001–2003; OR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.51‐0.60 in 2007–2009). Longest‐practicing PCPs were more likely to transition in the early 2000s, but this effect disappeared by the end of the study period (OR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.06‐1.72 in 2001–2003; OR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.73‐1.17 in 2007–2009). PCPs with practice panels dominated by patients who were white, male, or had comorbidities are more likely to use hospitalists.CONCLUSIONSPCP characteristics are associated with hospitalist use. The association between PCP characteristics and hospitalist use has evolved over time. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2015;10:75–82. © 2015 Society of Hospital Medicine
Association of inpatient and outpatient glucose management with inpatient mortality among patients with and without diabetes at a major academic medical center
Authors: Butala Neel M. , Johnson Benjamin K. , Dziura James D. , Reynolds Jesse S. , Bozzo Janis E. , Balcezak Thomas J. , Inzucchi Silvio E. , Horwitz Leora I. 
Published: January 2015

BACKGROUNDHospitalized patients with diabetes have experienced a disproportionate reduction in mortality over the past decade.OBJECTIVETo examine whether this differential decrease affected all patients with diabetes, and to identify explanatory factors.DESIGNSerial, cross‐sectional observational study.SETTINGAcademic medical center.PATIENTSAll adult, nonobstetric patients with an inpatient discharge between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2010.MEASUREMENTWe assessed in‐hospital mortality; inpatient glycemic control (percentage of hospital days with glucose below 70, above 299, and between 70 and 179 mg/dL, and standard deviation of glucose measurements), and outpatient glycemic control (hemoglobin A1c).RESULTSWe analyzed 322,938 admissions, including 76,758 (23.8%) with diabetes. Among 54,645 intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, there was a 7.8% relative reduction in the odds of mortality in each successive year for patients with diabetes, adjusted for age, race, payer, length of stay, discharge diagnosis, comorbidities, and service (odds ratio [OR]: 0.923, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.906‐0.940). This was significantly greater than the 2.6% yearly reduction for those without diabetes (OR: 0.974, 95% CI: 0.963‐0.985; P < 0.001 for interaction). In contrast, the greater decrease in mortality among non‐ICU patients with diabetes did not reach significance. Results were similar among medical and surgical patients. Among ICU patients with diabetes, the significant decline in mortality persisted after adjustment for inpatient and outpatient glucose control (OR: 0.953, 95% CI: 0.914‐0.994).CONCLUSIONSPatients with diabetes in the ICU have experienced a disproportionate reduction in mortality that is not explained by glucose control. Potential explanations include improved cardiovascular risk management or advances in therapies for diseases commonly affecting patients with diabetes. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2015;10:228–235. © 2015 Society of Hospital Medicine
Diffusion‐weighted MRI does not reflect kidney fibrosis in a rat model of fibrosis
Authors: Boor Peter , Perkuhn Michael , Weibrecht Martin , Zok Stephanie , Martin Ina V. , Gieseke Jürgen , Schoth Felix , Ostendorf Tammo , Kuhl Christiane , Floege Jürgen 
Published: January 2015

PurposeTo assess the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) derived from diffusion‐weighted (DW) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a specific marker of renal fibrosis in rats with unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO).Materials and MethodsThirteen rats were analyzed in group 1 (n = 4), group 2 (n = 3), and group 3 (n = 6) and measured using a clinical 3.0T MR scanner. Groups 1 and 2 were used to establish the final imaging protocols for group 3. DW imaging with four b‐values (0, 50, 300, 800 s/mm2) was conducted before UUO, at days 3 and 5 after UUO, after release of the obstruction, and after sacrifice. Renal cortical ADCs were correlated with histological and ultrastructural analyses.ResultsADC values of group 3 are shown as mean ± standard deviation of [10−3mm2/s]. On day 5, in vivo cortical ADC of obstructed fibrotic kidneys was significantly reduced compared to unobstructed kidneys (1.4 ± 0.086 vs. 1.535 ± 0.087, P = 0.0018). Postmortem ADC dropped by 50% and was significantly increased in obstructed vs. unobstructed kidneys (0.711 ± 0.094 vs. 0.566 ± 0.049, P = 0.0046). Histopathology of obstructed kidneys showed tubular dilation, tubular cell atrophy, and expansion of the interstitial space. Postmortem ADC correlated tightly with tubular lumen area (r = 0.9, P < 0.001), fibronectin (r = 0.8, P = 0.003), collagen type I (r = 0.73, P = 0.007), and interstitial expansion (r = 0.69, P = 0.013).ConclusionCompared to the in vivo measurements, postmortem renal ADCs were considerably reduced and, unlike in vivo, fibrotic kidneys exhibited consistently higher ADC compared to healthy kidney parenchyma. Our data suggest that in vivo ADC is unlikely to be a direct measure of renal fibrosis. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;42:990–998.
Synchronization of calcium sulphate cement degradation and new bone formation is improved by external mechanical regulation
Authors: Zhang Jie , Wang Lan , Zhang Wen , Zhang Meng , Luo Zong‐Ping 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTA major challenge faced in the bone materials of weight‐bearing without internal fixture support is the mismatch of material degradation and new bone formation, leading to weakening or even failure of the overall bony structure. This study demonstrated in the rat femur model that calcium sulphate cement degradation and new bone formation could be better synchronized by external mechanical force. An ascending force in line with calcium sulphate cement degradation could achieve bone healing in 37 days with ultimate load to failure of 87.00 ± 7.30 N, similar to that of intact femur (80.46 ± 2.79 N, p = 0.369). In contrast, the healing process under either a constant force or no force illustrated significant residual defect volumes of 1.47 ± 0.44 and 4.08 ± 0.89 mm3 (p < 0.001), and weaker ultimate loads to failure of 69.56 ± 4.74 and 59.17 ± 7.48 N, respectively (p < 0.001). Our results suggest that the mechanical regulation approach deserves further investigation and may potentially offer a clinical strategy to improve synchronization. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:685–691, 2015.
A rabbit model demonstrates the influence of cartilage thickness on intra‐articular drug delivery and retention within cartilage
Authors: Bajpayee Ambika G. , Scheu Maximiliano , Grodzinsky Alan J. , Porter Ryan M. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractFor evaluation of new approaches to drug delivery into cartilage, the choice of an animal model is critically important. Since cartilage thickness varies with animal size, different levels of drug uptake, transport and retention should be expected. Simple intra‐articular injection can require very high drug doses to achieve a concentration gradient high enough for drug diffusion into cartilage. New approaches involve nanoparticle delivery of functionalized drugs directly into cartilage; however, diffusion‐binding kinetics proceeds as the square of cartilage thickness. In this study, we demonstrate the necessity of using larger animals for sustained intra‐cartilage delivery and retention, exemplified by intra‐articular injection of Avidin (drug‐carrier) into rabbits and compared to rats in vivo. Penetration and retention of Avidin within cartilage is greatly enhanced by electrostatic interactions. Medial tibial cartilage was the thickest of rabbit cartilages, which generated the longest intra‐cartilage half‐life of Avidin (τ1/2 = 154 h). In contrast, Avidin half‐life in thinner rat cartilage was 5–6 times shorter (τ1/2 ∼ 29 h). While a weak correlation (R2 = 0.43) was found between Avidin half‐lives and rabbit tissue GAG concentrations, this correlation improved dramatically (R2 = 0.96) when normalized to the square of cartilage thickness, consistent with the importance of cartilage thickness to evaluation of drug delivery and retention. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:660–667, 2015.
The Relationship Between Course of PTSD Symptoms in Deployed U.S. Marines and Degree of Combat Exposure
Authors: Boasso Alyssa M. , Steenkamp Maria M. , Nash William P. , Larson Jonathan L. , Litz Brett T. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractLarge cohort studies suggest that most military personnel experience minimal posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms following warzone deployment, an outcome often labeled resilience. Very low symptom levels, however, may be a marker for low exposure, not resilience, which requires relatively high‐magnitude or high‐frequency stress exposure as a precondition. We used growth mixture modeling (GMM) to examine the longitudinal course of lifetime PTSD symptoms following combat exposure by disaggregating deployed U.S. Marines into upper, middle, and lower tertiles of combat exposure. All factor models fit the data well; Tucker‐Lewis Index (TLI) and comparative fit index (CFI) values ranged from .91 to .97. Three distinct trajectories best explained the data within each tertile. The upper tertile comprised True Resilience (73.2%), New‐Onset Symptoms (18.3%), and Pre‐existing Symptoms (8.5%) trajectories. The middle tertile also comprised True Resilience (74.5%), New‐Onset Symptoms (16.1%), and Pre‐existing Symptoms (9.4%) trajectories. The lower tertile comprised Artifactual Resilience (86.3%), Pre‐existing Symptoms (7.6%), and New‐Onset Symptoms (6.1%) trajectories. True Resilience involved a clinically significant symptom increase followed by a return to baseline, whereas Artifactual Resilience involved consistently low symptoms. Conflating artifactual and true resilience may inaccurately create the expectation of persistently low symptoms regardless of warzone exposure.
Online Consumption Communities: An Introduction
Authors: Stokburger‐Sauer Nicola E. , Wiertz Caroline 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTOnline consumption communities play a significant role in the life of many consumers. These communities remove temporal and spacial boundaries, allowing consumers to convene online to connect over a shared consumption interest anytime and from anywhere. The objective of this special issue is to advance our understanding of online consumption communities and stimulate future research in this exciting research domain. Eight papers are included that present cutting‐edge research exploring three issues: (1) governance and conflict management in online consumption communities, (2) implications of community membership for individual and societal well‐being, and (3) drivers of community success under different ownership structures. In this introductory editorial, each of the papers and its contribution is briefly overviewed.
Conflict Culture and Conflict Management in Consumption Communities
Authors: Husemann Katharina C. , Ladstaetter Florian , Luedicke Marius K. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTThis study explores conflict culture as a distinct and influential element of a consumption community's broader culture, and explores how communities initiate, perform, manage, and resolve intracommunity conflicts. A four‐year interpretive study of the Premium Cola consumption community reveals two sets of formal and informal elements of conflict culture; explains how community members perform routine, and manage transgressive conflicts; shows how members garner positive and negative practical, identity, and relationship value from these two types of conflict; and documents how a community's conflict culture develops through inventing new conflict behaviors to resolve transgressive conflicts. The study thus contributes new theoretical insights to the literature on social conflict in online consumption communities, discusses managerial implications, and initiates a discussion about conflict culture.
Exploring Consumptive Moments of Value‐Creating Practice in Online Community
Authors: Hartmann Benjamin J. , Wiertz Caroline , Arnould Eric J. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTConceptual blind spots persist when it comes to understanding the value of consumptive dimensions of participation, such as lurking, in online community. This article uses a practice‐theoretical lens to conceptualize the consumptive moments of online community practices and explores how they shape different value outcomes. Building on a mixed‐method investigation through two studies within an online gardening community, findings reveal two specific consumptive moments, direct and vicarious, and their differential role in the creation of community engagement and vitality. These findings suggest that lurking is not adequately described as a unidimensional construct, but is best understood as vicarious consumptive moments of specific online community practices with distinctive value outcomes. Implications for research on online consumption community are discussed.
The impact of rare variants in FUS in essential tremor
Authors: Hopfner Franziska , Stevanin Giovanni , Müller Stefanie H. , Mundwiller Emeline , Bungeroth May , Durr Alexandra , Pendziwiat Manuela , Anheim Mathieu , Schneider Susanne A. , Tittmann Lukas , Klebe Stephan , Lorenz Delia , Deuschl Günther , Brice Alexis , Kuhlenbäumer Gregor 
Published: January 2015

AbstractObjectiveWe analyzed the coding region of the Fused in Sarcoma (FUS) gene in familial essential tremor (ET) and reviewed previous studies assessing FUS variants in ET.BackgroundET is often a familial disorder with an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. A potentially causative variant in FUS has been identified in one ET family. Subsequent studies described further putatively causal variants.MethodsWe performed DNA sequencing of FUS in 85 unrelated, familial German and French definite ET patients.ResultsWe did not find novel variants affecting the protein sequence. Seven previously published studies and data from the exome variant server (EVS) showed that rare exonic variants in FUS are not more frequent in ET than in the general population.ConclusionsOur findings provide no evidence for a role of rare genetic variants in the pathogenesis of ET, apart from the initially published FUS mutation segregating in a large ET family. © 2015 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Green tea changes serum and liver metabolomic profiles in mice with high‐fat diet‐induced obesity
Authors: Lee Lan‐Sook , Choi Ji Hea , Sung Mi Jeong , Hur Jin‐Young , Hur Haeng Jeon , Park Jong‐Dae , Kim Young‐Chan , Gu Eun‐Ji , Min Byungjin , Kim Hyun‐Jin 
Published: January 2015

ScopeGreen tea (GT) consumption helps to prevent and control obesity by stimulating hepatic lipid metabolism. However, GT‐induced changes in serum and liver metabolomes associated with the anti‐obesity effects are not clearly understood. The aim of this study was to identify and validate metabolomic profiles in the livers and sera of GT‐fed obese mice to elucidate the relationship between GT consumption and obesity prevention.Methods and resultsSerum and liver metabolites were analyzed in mice fed normal diet, high‐fat diet (HFD), HFD with GT, and HFD with crude catechins, using LC‐quadrupole TOF MS. The addition of 1% GT to HFD reduced adipose tissue and the levels of blood triglycerides, glucose, insulin, and leptin elevated in HFD‐fed mice. We proposed an HFD‐induced obesity pathway and validated it by investigating the key regulatory enzymes of mitochondrial β‐oxidation: carnitine palmitoyltransferase‐1 and ‐2, acyl‐coenzyme A dehydrogenase, and acetyl‐coenzyme A acyltransferase. The results showed that HFD‐induced abnormal mitochondrial β‐oxidation was moderated by the consumption of caffeine‐ and theanine‐enriched GT.ConclusionResults of LC/MS‐based metabolomic analysis of obese mice showed changes associated with abnormal lipid and energy metabolism, which were alleviated by GT intake, indicating the mechanism underlying the anti‐obesity effects of GT.
Docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid suppress adhesion molecule expression in human aortic endothelial cells via differential mechanisms
Authors: Huang Chun‐Ying , Sheu Wayne Huey‐Herng , Chiang An‐Na 
Published: January 2015

ScopeDietary PUFAs modulate the progression of cardiovascular disease, but the underlying mechanisms within vascular cells remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the biological function and regulatory mechanisms of PUFAs in LPS‐activated human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs).Methods and resultsTo simulate the in vivo conditions of atherosclerosis, we have established an in vitro model in which THP‐1 monocytes adhere to HAECs. Our results showed thatn‐3 PUFAs docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) remarkably attenuated the adhesion of THP‐1 cells to HAECs, probably through inhibiting the expression of VCAM‐1 and ICAM‐1. Using lipid raft isolation and confocal microscopy, we found that DHA and EPA suppressed the translocation of TLR4 into lipid rafts. Furthermore, DHA and EPA inhibited the ubiquitination and translocation of TRAF6, and the phosphorylation of TAK1, p38, and IκBα. We demonstrated that DHA reduced the phosphorylation of PKR, but EPA increased the expression of A20. Additionally, silencing of A20 reversed the inhibitory effect of EPA on the expression of adhesion molecules.ConclusionOur study revealed differential signaling pathways modulated byn‐3 PUFAs in LPS‐stimulated HAECs. These signaling pathways are potential targets for the prevention of atherosclerotic progression.
Multidimensional parallelepiped model—a new type of non‐probabilistic convex model for structural uncertainty analysis
Authors: Jiang C. , Zhang Q. F. , Han X. , Liu J. , Hu D. A. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryNon‐probabilistic convex models need to be provided only the changing boundary of parameters rather than their exact probability distributions; thus, such models can be applied to uncertainty analysis of complex structures when experimental information is lacking. The interval and the ellipsoidal models are the two most commonly used modeling methods in the field of non‐probabilistic convex modeling. However, the former can only deal with independent variables, while the latter can only deal with dependent variables. This paper presents a more general non‐probabilistic convex model, the multidimensional parallelepiped model. This model can include the independent and dependent uncertain variables in a unified framework and can effectively deal with complex ‘multi‐source uncertainty’ problems in which dependent variables and independent variables coexist. For any two parameters, the concepts of the correlation angle and the correlation coefficient are defined. Through the marginal intervals of all the parameters and also their correlation coefficients, a multidimensional parallelepiped can easily be built as the uncertainty domain for parameters. Through the introduction of affine coordinates, the parallelepiped model in the original parameter space is converted to an interval model in the affine space, thus greatly facilitating subsequent structural uncertainty analysis. The parallelepiped model is applied to structural uncertainty propagation analysis, and the response interval of the structure is obtained in the case of uncertain initial parameters. Finally, the method described in this paper was applied to several numerical examples. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.