bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Financial development and economic growth: empirical evidence from India
Authors: Sehrawat Madhu , Giri A K 
Published: July 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between financial development and economic growth in India using annual data from 1982 to 2012.

Design/methodology/approach
– The stationarity properties are checked by ADF, DF-GLS, KPSS and Ng–Perron unit root tests. The long- and short-run dynamics are examined by using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach to co-integration.

Findings
– The co-integration test confirms a long-run relationship in financial development and economic growth for India. The analysis of ARDL test results reveals that both bank-based and market-based indicators of financial development have a positive impact on economic growth in India. Hence, the results support the supply-leading hypothesis and highlight the importance of financial development in economic growth. The findings also indicate that the Indian bank-centric financial sector has the potential for economic growth through credit transmission.

Research limitations/implications
– The present study recommends appropriate reforms in financial markets to attain sustainable economic growth. The findings are useful for policy-makers who want to maintain a parallel expansion of financial development and growth.

Originality/value
– To date, there are hardly any studies that use both market-based and bank-based indicators as proxies of financial development and analyze their role in economic growth in India. So, the contribution of the paper is to fill this gap in literature.
Beneficial effect of botulinum toxin A on Raynaud's phenomenon in Japanese patients with systemic sclerosis: A prospective, case series study
Authors: Motegi Sei‐ichiro , Yamada Kazuya , Toki Sayaka , Uchiyama Akihiko , Kubota Yuka , Nakamura Tetsuya , Ishikawa Osamu 
Published: July 2015

AbstractCurrently, there is no satisfactory treatment for Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) in systemic sclerosis (SSc). Recently, it has been reported that botulinum toxin A (BTX‐A) injection was effective for the treatment of RP in SSc patients. The objective was to assess the efficacy and safety of BTX‐A on RP in Japanese SSc patients. In the prospective, case series study, 10 Japanese SSc patients with RP received 10 U of BTX‐A injections into the hand. The change in severity of RP, including the frequency of attacks/pain, color changes, duration time of RP and the severity of pain, was assessed by Raynaud's score and pain visual analog scale (VAS) at each visit during 16 weeks. The recovery of skin temperature 20 min after cold water stimulation was examined by thermography at baseline and 4 weeks after injection. The number of digital ulcers (DU) and adverse effects were assessed at each visit. BTX‐A injection decreased Raynaud's score and pain VAS from 2 weeks after injection, and the suppressive effect was continued until 16 weeks after injection. Skin temperature recovery after cold water stimulation at 4 weeks after injection was significantly enhanced compared with that before injection. All DU in five patients were healed within 12 weeks after injection. Neither systemic nor local adverse effects were observed in all cases. We conclude that BTX‐A injection significantly improved the activity of RP in SSc patients without any adverse events, suggesting that BTX‐A may have possible long‐term preventive and therapeutic potentials for RP in Japanese SSc patients.
Parasite‐induced inversion of geotaxis in a freshwater amphipod: a role for anaerobic metabolism?
Authors: Perrot‐Minnot Marie‐Jeanne , Maddaleno Matthieu , Cézilly Frank 
Published: July 2015

SummaryMany parasites with complex life cycles alter the phenotype of their intermediate hosts in ways that seem to favour transmission to a final host. Although there is a large literature on host manipulation, how parasites alter the phenotype of their hosts remains poorly known.The bird acanthocephalanPolymorphus minutusis known to alter geotaxis in its amphipod host,Gammarus roeseli. Here, we examine the potential roles of low oxygen availability and the excretion, by the parasite, of two products from its own anaerobic metabolism (lactate and succinate) in altered geotaxis.Under hypoxia, uninfectedG. roeselishowed negative geotaxis and lower metabolic rate, two traits also altered by infection withP. minutus, albeit with different intensities. The injection of a mixture of lactate and succinate in uninfected amphipods mimicked the parasite‐induced reversion of geotaxis, without affecting the metabolic rate.In addition, bothP. minutus‐infected gammarids and uninfected ones conditioned to hypoxia for 2 days showed elevated levels of lactate in the brain, but not in the haemolymph.Overall, our results indicate that the pathways involved in anaerobic metabolism and hypoxia signalling might be responsible for the changes in geotaxis and metabolic rate induced byP. minutusinfection.Our study emphasizes the need to consider the tight and complex connections between physiological processes and behavioural adjustments, in particular at the brain level, in the understanding of parasitic manipulation, and more broadly of behavioural changes in infected hosts.
Differential contribution of demographic rate synchrony to population synchrony in barn swallows
Authors: Schaub Michael , von Hirschheydt Johann , Grüebler Martin U. 
Published: July 2015

Summary

Populations of many species show temporally synchronous dynamics over some range, mostly caused by spatial autocorrelation of the environment that affects demographic rates. Synchronous fluctuation of a demographic rate is a necessary, but not sufficient condition for population synchrony because population growth is differentially sensitive to variation in demographic rates. Little is known about the relative effects of demographic rates to population synchrony, because it is rare that all demographic rates from several populations are known.

We develop a hierarchical integrated population model with which all relevant demographic rates from all study populations can be estimated and apply it to demographic data of barn swallows Hirundo rustica from nine sites that were between 19 and 224 km apart from each other. We decompose the variation of the population growth and of the demographic rates (apparent survival, components of productivity, immigration) into global and local temporal components using random effects which allowed the estimation of synchrony of these rates.

The barn swallow populations fluctuated synchronously, but less so than most demographic rates. The highest synchrony showed the probability of double brooding, while fledging success was highly asynchronous. Apparent survival, immigration and total productivity achieved intermediate levels of synchrony. The growth of all populations was most sensitive to changes in immigration and adult apparent survival, and both of them contributed to the observed temporal variation of population growth rates.

Using a simulation model, we show that immigration and apparent survival of juveniles and adults were able to induce population synchrony, but not components of local productivity due to their low population growth rate sensitivity. Immigrants are mostly first‐time breeders, and consequently, their number depends on the productivity of neighbouring populations. Since total productivity was synchronized, we conclude that it contributed to population synchrony in an indirect way through dispersing individuals which appear as immigrants at the local scale.

The hierarchical integrated population model is promising for achieving an improved mechanistic understanding of population synchrony.
Resveratrol attenuates hyperoxia‐induced oxidative stress, inflammation and fibrosis and suppresses Wnt/β‐catenin signalling in lungs of neonatal rats
Authors: Xu Wei , Zhao Ying , Zhang Binglun , Xu Bo , Yang Yang , Wang Yujing , Liu Chunfeng 
Published: July 2015

SummaryAlthough survival rate of infants born prematurely has been raised by supplemental oxygen treatment, it is followed by high morbidity of hyperoxia‐induced bronchopulmonary dysplasia. In this study, the effect of resveratrol on the lung injury was evaluated in hyperoxia‐exposed rats of preterm birth. The results demonstrated that hyperoxia led to thickened alveolar wall, simplified alveolar architecture and fibrosis. In addition, elevated methane dicarboxylic aldehyde level, decreased glutathione level and superoxide dismutase activity were also found in hyperoxic lungs, as well as the increased tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin‐1β and interleukin‐6 in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Fibrotic‐associated proteins transforming growth factor‐β1, α‐smooth muscle actin, collagen I and fibronectin deposition were also found in interstitial substance of lungs. Furthermore, Wnt/β‐catenin signalling was found to be active in hyperoxia‐induced lungs. In addition, expression of SP‐C was increased and T1α was decreased in hyperoxia‐exposed lungs. Resveratrol intraperitoneal administration alleviated hyperoxia‐induced histological injury of lungs, regulated redox balance, decreased pro‐inflammatory cytokine release, and down‐regulated expression of fibrotic‐associated proteins. Furthermore, Wnt/β‐catenin signalling was also suppressed by resveratrol, as represented by diminished expression of lymphoid enhancer factor‐1, Wnt induced signalling protein‐1 and cyclin D1. In addition, the increase of SP‐C and decrease of T1α expression was prevented as well. The present study showed that resveratrol could protect lungs from hyperoxia‐induced injury through its antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory and anti‐fibrotic effects. The transdifferentiation of alveolar epithelial type II cells to alveolar epithelial type I cells promotion and Wnt/β‐catenin signalling suppression are also involved in the protective effect.
Not all hours are equal: could time be a social determinant of health?
Authors: Strazdins Lyndall , Welsh Jennifer , Korda Rosemary , Broom Dorothy , Paolucci Francesco 
Published: July 2015

AbstractTime can be thought of as a resource that people need for good health. Healthy behaviour, accessing health services, working, resting and caring all require time. Like other resources, time is socially shaped, but its relevance to health and health inequality is yet to be established. Drawing from sociology and political economy, we set out the theoretical basis for two measures of time relevant to contemporary, market‐based societies. We measure amount of time spent on care and work (paid and unpaid) and the intensity of time, which refers to rushing, effort and speed. Using data from wave 9 (N = 9177) of the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics of Australia Survey we found that time poverty (> 80 h per week on care and work) and often or always rushing are barriers to physical activity and rushing is associated with poorer self‐rated and mental health. Exploring their social patterning, we find that time‐poor people have higher incomes and more time control. In contrast, rushing is linked to being a woman, lone parenthood, disability, lack of control and work–family conflicts. We supply a methodology to support quantitative investigations of time, and our findings underline time's dimensionality, social distribution and potential to influence health.
Microbial Safety and Shelf Life of UV‐C Treated Freshly Squeezed White Grape Juice
Authors: Unluturk Sevcan , Atilgan Mehmet R. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe effects of UV‐C irradiation on the inactivation of Escherichia coli K‐12 (ATCC 25253), a surrogate of E. coli O157:H7, and on the shelf life of freshly squeezed turbid white grape juice (FSWGJ) were investigated. FSWGJ samples were processed at 0.90 mL/s for 32 min by circulating 8 times in an annular flow UV system. The UV exposure time was 244 s per cycle. The population of E. coli K‐12 was reduced by 5.34 log cycles after exposure to a total UV dosage of 9.92 J/cm2 (1.24 J/cm2 per cycle) at 0.90 mL/s flow rate. The microbial shelf life of UV‐C treated FSWGJ was extended up to 14 d at 4 °C. UV exposure was not found to alter pH, total soluble solid, and titratable acidity of juice. There was a significant effect (P < 0.05) on turbidity, absorbance coefficient, color, and ascorbic acid content. Furthermore, all physicochemical properties were altered during refrigerated storage. The microbial shelf life of FSWGJ was doubled after UV‐C treatment, whereas the quality of juice was adversely affected similarly observed in the control samples.
Success rate of informed consent acquisition and factors influencing participation in a multicenter randomized controlled trial of laparoscopic versus open surgery for stage II/III colon cancer in Japan (JCOG0404)
Authors: Etoh Tsuyoshi , Inomata Masafumi , Watanabe Masahiko , Konishi Fumio , Kawamura Yutaka , Ueda Yoshitake , Toujigamori Manabu , Shiroshita Hidefumi , Katayama Hiroshi , Kitano Seigo 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIntroductionSuccessful completion of randomized controlled trials (RCT) is dependent on informed consent (IC) acquisition from patients. The aim of this study was to prospectively calculate the proportion of participation in a surgical RCT and to identify the reasons for failed IC acquisition.MethodsA 30‐institute RCT was conducted to evaluate oncological outcomes of open and laparoscopic surgery for stage II/III colon cancer (JCOG0404: UMIN‐CTR C000000105). The success rate of obtaining IC, which was supported by a DVD that helped patients understand this trial, was evaluated in eight periods between October 2004 and March 2009. In addition, reasons for failed IC acquisition were identified from questionnaires.ResultsA total of 1767 patients were informed of their eligibility for the trial, and 1057 (60%) were randomly assigned to either the laparoscopic surgery (n = 529) or open surgery (n = 528) group. The success rate of IC acquisition ranged from 50% to 62% in eight periods. The most common reasons for failed IC acquisition were anxiety/unhappiness about the randomization, patients' preference for one form of surgery, and strong recommendations from referring doctors or relatives.ConclusionsWith the assistance of a DVD, high success rates of IC acquisition were obtained for an RCT of laparoscopic versus open surgery for stage II/III colon cancers. To obtain such a rate, investigators should make efforts to inform patients, their relatives, and referring doctors about the medical contributions a surgical RCT can make.
Human hepatocyte assessment of imatinib drug–drug interactions – complexities in clinical translation
Authors: Beumer Jan H. , Pillai Venkateswaran C. , Parise Robert A. , Christner Susan M. , Kiesel Brian F. , Rudek Michelle A. , Venkataramanan Raman 
Published: July 2015

AimInducers and inhibitors of CYP3A, such as ritonavir and efavirenz, may be used as part of the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) to treat HIV patients. HIV patients with chronic myeloid leukemia or gastrointestinal stromal tumour may need imatinib, a CYP3A4 substrate with known exposure response–relationships. Administration of imatinib to patients on ritonavir or efavirenz may result in altered imatinib exposure leading to increased toxicity or failure of therapy, respectively. We used primary human hepatocyte cultures to evaluate the magnitude of interaction between imatinib and ritonavir/efavirenz.MethodsHepatocytes were pre‐treated with vehicle, ritonavir, ketoconazole, efavirenz or rifampicin, and the metabolism of imatinib was characterized over time. Concentrations of imatinib and metabolite were quantitated in combined lysate and medium, using LC‐MS.ResultsThe predicted changes in imatinib CLoral (95% CI) with ketoconazole, ritonavir, rifampicin and efavirenz were 4.0‐fold (0, 9.2) lower, 2.8‐fold (0.04, 5.5) lower, 2.9‐fold (2.2, 3.5) higher and 2.0‐fold (0.42, 3.5) higher, respectively. These predictions were in good agreement with clinical single dose drug–drug interaction studies, but not with reports of imatinib interactions at steady‐state. Alterations in metabolism were similar after acute or chronic imatinib exposure.ConclusionsIn vitro human hepatocytes predicted increased clearance of imatinib with inducers and decreased clearance with inhibitors of CYP enzymes. The impact of HAART on imatinib may depend on whether it is being initiated or has already been dosed chronically in patients. Therapeutic drug monitoring may have a role in optimizing imatinib therapy in this patient population.
Retrospective Likelihood-Based Methods for Analyzing Case-Cohort Genetic Association Studies
Authors: Shen Yuanyuan , Cai Tianxi , Chen Yu , Yang Ying , Chen Jinbo 
Published: July 2015

Summary
The case cohort (CCH) design is a cost-effective design for assessing genetic susceptibility with time-to-event data especially when the event rate is low. In this work, we propose a powerful pseudo-score test for assessing the association between a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and the event time under the CCH design. The pseudo-score is derived from a pseudo-likelihood which is an estimated retrospective likelihood that treats the SNP genotype as the dependent variable and time-to-event outcome and other covariates as independent variables. It exploits the fact that the genetic variable is often distributed independent of covariates or only related to a low-dimensional subset. Estimates of hazard ratio parameters for association can be obtained by maximizing the pseudo-likelihood. A unique advantage of our method is that it allows the censoring distribution to depend on covariates that are only measured for the CCH sample while not requiring the knowledge of follow-up or covariate information on subjects not selected into the CCH sample. In addition to these flexibilities, the proposed method has high relative efficiency compared with commonly used alternative approaches. We study large sample properties of this method and assess its finite sample performance using both simulated and real data examples.
The Role of Early Emotion Impairments in the Development of Persistent Antisocial Behavior
Authors: van Goozen Stephanie H. M. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAntisocial behavior that begins in childhood predicts chronic and serious antisocial behavior in adulthood. Antisocial children are impaired in how they perceive, experience, and regulate emotion, particularly fear and sadness, and the neurobiological systems that process aversive emotional information, particularly the stress response systems in the paralimbic system, are compromised. As a result, children may have a difficult temperament, impaired cognitive abilities, or different levels of emotional reactivity. These characteristics, in turn, increase the risk that children have poor social relationships and make decisions that increase the likelihood that their antisocial behavior becomes stable and pervasive. In this article, I clarify the role of emotion impairments in children's antisocial behavior. I also argue that investigating these emotional functions can help identify which children are more likely to persist in behaving antisocially and guide the development of new interventions.
The morning and late‐night salivary cortisol ranges for healthy women may be used in pregnancy
Authors: Ambroziak Urszula , Kondracka Agnieszka , Bartoszewicz Zbigniew , Krasnodębska‐Kiljańska Małgorzata , Bednarczuk Tomasz 
Published: July 2015

SummaryObjectivesThe diagnosis of adrenal dysfunction in pregnancy and in women taking oral contraceptives remains a diagnostic challenge. Salivary cortisol seems to be a useful tool for the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome and adrenal insufficiency. However, the changes in salivary cortisol concentration in healthy pregnancy are not clearly defined.DesignThe aim of our study was to compare diurnal changes in salivary cortisol in healthy pregnant women, healthy controls and women on oral contraceptives.PatientsThe study groups consisted of (i) 41 healthy pregnant women, (ii) 42 healthy women and (iii) 12 healthy women on oral contraceptives.MeasurementsSerum and salivary cortisol in the morning and salivary late‐night cortisol were measured with Roche ECLIA cortisol test (Elecsys 2010) in each trimester and postpartum.ResultsDespite the elevation of morning serum cortisol in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy, the morning salivary values as well as late‐night salivary cortisol throughout all trimesters were not significantly different from control values (P > 0·5). In the postpartum period, the morning and late‐night salivary cortisol values were significantly lower than in late pregnancy. The morning and late‐night salivary cortisol values in women on contraceptives were also not different from those in the healthy women group.ConclusionThe results of our study suggest that reference values for salivary cortisol established for a healthy adult population can be used for pregnant women and women on oral contraceptives in the initial diagnostic testing for Cushing's syndrome and adrenal insufficiency.
The impact of poor sampling of polymorphism on cladistic analysis
Authors: Watanabe Akinobu 
Published: July 2015

AbstractDespite its ubiquity in the natural world, polymorphism is commonly disregarded or poorly sampled in phylogenetic analyses due to deliberate sampling strategy, inadequate sampling effort and limited specimen availability. Poor sampling of intraspecific variation engenders differential sampling of morphs within polymorphic species, which could generate conflicting tree topologies by altering the character‐based affinity among taxa. To assess the potential magnitude of this impact, Polymorphic Entry Replacement Data Analysis (PERDA) was developed as a new script for the TNT phylogenetic program. This script simulates poor sampling of polymorphic taxa on a matrix of discrete characters by iteratively replacing each polymorphic state (e.g. [01]) with a randomly selected single state included in the original polymorphic coding (e.g. 0 or 1). The trees recovered from these subsampled data sets provide a distribution of tree distances, which indicates the level of incongruent trees resulting from different combinations of single states. Performing PERDA on empirical data sets shows alarming frequencies and magnitudes of conflicting tree topologies, demonstrating that poor sampling within polymorphic taxa could yield highly incompatible trees in many data sets. This troubling outcome undermines phylogenetic inferences based on data with poor intraspecific sampling, which is typical for palaeontological studies. With trees obtained from subsampled data sets, PERDA also generates a metaconsensus tree revealing interspecific relationships that become ambiguous due to documented levels of intraspecific variation. These collapsed clades point to taxa for which evidence should be sought to justify their taxonomic classification.