bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic radio spectra from two fireballs
Authors: Obenberger K. S. , Taylor G. B. , Lin C. S. , Dowell J. , Schinzel F. K. , Stovall K. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe present dynamic spectra from the Long Wavelength Array telescope of two large meteors (fireballs) observed to emit between 37 and 54 MHz. These spectra show the first ever recorded broadband measurements of this newly discovered VHF emission. The spectra show that the emission is smooth and steep, getting very bright at lower frequencies. We suggest that this signal is possibly emission of Langmuir waves and that these waves could be excited by a bump‐on‐tail instability within the trail. The spectra of one fireball display broadband temporal frequency sweeps. We suggest that these sweeps are evidence of individual expanding clumps of emitting plasma. While some of these proposed clumps may have formed at the very beginning of the fireball event, others must have formed seconds after the initial event.
The impact of solar wind ULFBzfluctuations on geomagnetic activity for viscous timescales during strongly northward and southward IMF
Authors: Osmane A. , Dimmock A. P. , Naderpour R. , Pulkkinen T. I. , Nykyri K. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe analyze more than 17 years of OMNI data to statistically quantify the impact of IMFBzfluctuations onALby using higher‐order moments in theAL‐distribution as a proxy. For strongly southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), theALdistribution function is characterized by a decrease of the skewness, a shift of its peak from −30 nT to −200 nT, and a broadening of the distribution core. During northward IMF, the distribution ofALis characterized by a significant reduction of the standard deviation and weight in the tail. Following this characterization ofALfor southward and northward IMF, we show that IMF fluctuations enhance the driving on timescales smaller than those of substorms by shifting the peak of the probability distribution function by more than 150 nT during southward IMF, and by narrowing the distribution function by a factor of 2 during northward IMF. For both southward and northward IMF, we demonstrate that high power fluctuations inBzsystematically result in a greater level of activity on timescales consistent with viscous processes. Our results provide additional quantitative evidence of the role of the solar wind fluctuations in geomagnetic activity. The methodology presented also provides a framework to characterize short timescale magnetospheric dynamics taking place on the order of viscous timescalesτ≪ 1 hour.
Solar control of F region radar backscatter: Further insights from observations in the southern polar cap
Authors: Lamarche Leslie J. , Makarevich Roman A. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe role of solar wind and illumination in production of small‐scale F region plasma irregularities is investigated using a 4 year data set collected by the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) facility at the McMurdo station, Antarctica (MCM). Statistical analysis of ionospheric echoes detected by MCM shows that radar backscatter from the polar F region occurs in wide and persistent bands in range that exhibit systematic changes with local time, season, and solar cycle. It is demonstrated that all variations considered together form a distinct pattern. A comparison with the F region model densities and ray tracing simulations shows that this pattern is largely controlled by the F region solar‐produced ionization during the day. During the night, however, MCM observations reveal a significant additional source of plasma density in the polar cap as compared with the model. An example of conjugate radar observations is presented that supports the idea of polar patches being an additional source of ionization on the nightside. Echo occurrence exhibits a clear peak near the solar terminator, which suggests that small‐scale irregularities form in turbulent cascade from large scales. Further, echo occurrence is enhanced for particular interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) orientations during the night. Observations indicate that solar illumination control of irregularity production is strong and not restricted to the nightside. Indirect solar wind control is also exerted by the IMF‐dependent convection pattern, since the gradient‐drift instability favors certain orientations between the plasma density gradients and convection velocity.
Network dysfunction in α‐synuclein transgenic mice and human Lewy body dementia
Authors: Morris Meaghan , Sanchez Pascal E. , Verret Laure , Beagle Alexander J. , Guo Weikun , Dubal Dena , Ranasinghe Kamalini G. , Koyama Akihiko , Ho Kaitlyn , Yu Gui‐Qiu , Vossel Keith A. , Mucke Lennart 
Published: October 2015

AbstractObjectiveDementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is associated with the accumulation of wild‐type human α‐synuclein (SYN) in neurons and with prominent slowing of brain oscillations on electroencephalography (EEG). However, it remains uncertain whether the EEG abnormalities are actually caused by SYN.MethodsTo determine whether SYN can cause neural network abnormalities, we performed EEG recordings and analyzed the expression of neuronal activity‐dependent gene products in SYN transgenic mice. We also carried out comparative analyses in humans with DLB.ResultsWe demonstrate that neuronal expression of SYN in transgenic mice causes a left shift in spectral power that closely resembles the EEG slowing observed in DLB patients. Surprisingly, SYN mice also had seizures and showed molecular hippocampal alterations indicative of aberrant network excitability, including calbindin depletion in the dentate gyrus. In postmortem brain tissues from DLB patients, we found reduced levels of calbindin mRNA in the dentate gyrus. Furthermore, nearly one quarter of DLB patients showed myoclonus, a clinical sign of aberrant network excitability that was associated with an earlier age of onset of cognitive impairments. In SYN mice, partial suppression of epileptiform activity did not alter their shift in spectral power. Furthermore, epileptiform activity in human amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice was not associated with a left shift in spectral power.InterpretationWe conclude that neuronal accumulation of SYN slows brain oscillations and, in parallel, causes aberrant network excitability that can escalate into seizure activity. The potential role of aberrant network excitability in DLB merits further investigation.
Microwave Radar Absorbing Properties of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Polymer Composites: A Review
Authors: Munir Arshad 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTMultiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) reinforced composites for electromagnetic (EM) absorption are reviewed. Here, four types of nanostructured radar absorbing materials (RAMs) were discussed including MWCNTs polymer composites, magnetic nanostructures decorated MWCNTs polymer composites, nonmagnetic nanostructures decorated MWCNTs polymer composites, and honeycomb‐coated MWCNTs as RAMs. Challenges hindering the practical applications of such composites have been discussed. It has also been highlighted that MWCNTs decorated with magnetic and dielectric nanostructures are effective for broadband lightweight absorbing materials.
Ischemic core and hypoperfusion volumes predict infarct size in SWIFT PRIME
Authors: Albers Gregory W. , Goyal Mayank , Jahan Reza , Bonafe Alain , Diener Hans‐Christoph , Levy Elad I. , Pereira Vitor M. , Cognard Christophe , Cohen David J. , Hacke Werner , Jansen Olav , Jovin Tudor G. , Mattle Heinrich P. , Nogueira Raul G. , Siddiqui Adnan H. , Yavagal Dileep R. , Baxter Blaise W. , Devlin Thomas G. , Lopes Demetrius K. , Reddy Vivek K. , de Rochemont Richard du Mesnil , Singer Oliver C. , Bammer Roland , Saver Jeffrey L. 
Published: October 2015

ObjectiveWithin the context of a prospective randomized trial (SWIFT PRIME), we assessed whether early imaging of stroke patients, primarily with computed tomography (CT) perfusion, can estimate the size of the irreversibly injured ischemic core and the volume of critically hypoperfused tissue. We also evaluated the accuracy of ischemic core and hypoperfusion volumes for predicting infarct volume in patients with the target mismatch profile.MethodsBaseline ischemic core and hypoperfusion volumes were assessed prior to randomized treatment with intravenous (IV) tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) alone versus IV tPA + endovascular therapy (Solitaire stent‐retriever) using RAPID automated postprocessing software. Reperfusion was assessed with angiographic Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction scores at the end of the procedure (endovascular group) and Tmax > 6‐second volumes at 27 hours (both groups). Infarct volume was assessed at 27 hours on noncontrast CT or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).ResultsA total of 151 patients with baseline imaging with CT perfusion (79%) or multimodal MRI (21%) were included. The median baseline ischemic core volume was 6ml (interquartile range = 0–16). Ischemic core volumes correlated with 27‐hour infarct volumes in patients who achieved reperfusion (r = 0.58, p < 0.0001). In patients who did not reperfuse (<10% reperfusion), baseline Tmax > 6‐second lesion volumes correlated with 27‐hour infarct volume (r = 0.78, p = 0.005). In target mismatch patients, the union of baseline core and early follow‐up Tmax > 6‐second volume (ie, predicted infarct volume) correlated with the 27‐hour infarct volume (r = 0.73, p < 0.0001); the median absolute difference between the observed and predicted volume was 13ml.InterpretationIschemic core and hypoperfusion volumes, obtained primarily from CT perfusion scans, predict 27‐hour infarct volume in acute stroke patients who were treated with reperfusion therapies. ANN NEUROL 2016;79:76–89
Gold(I)‐Assisted α‐Allylation of Enals and Enones with Alcohols
Authors: Mastandrea Marco Michele , Mellonie Niall , Giacinto Pietro , Collado Alba , Nolan Steven P. , Miscione Gian Pietro , Bottoni Andrea , Bandini Marco 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe intermolecular α‐allylation of enals and enones occurs by the condensation of variously substituted allenamides with allylic alcohols. Cooperative catalysis by [Au(ItBu)NTf2] and AgNTf2 enables the synthesis of a range of densely functionalized α‐allylated enals, enones, and acyl silanes in good yield under mild reaction conditions. DFT calculations support the role of an α‐gold(I) enal/enone as the active nucleophilic species.
Real‐time Observation of Deep Lithiation of Tungsten Oxide Nanowires by In Situ Electron Microscopy
Authors: Qi Kuo , Wei Jiake , Sun Muhua , Huang Qianming , Li Xiaomin , Xu Zhi , Wang Wenlong , Bai Xuedong 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAn in‐depth mechanistic understanding of the electrochemical lithiation process of tungsten oxide (WO3) is both of fundamental interest and relevant for potential applications. One of the most important features of WO3 lithiation is the formation of the chemically flexible, nonstoichiometric LixWO3, known as tungsten bronze. Herein, we achieved the real‐time observation of the deep electrochemical lithiation process of single‐crystal WO3 nanowires by constructing in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) electrochemical cells. As revealed by nanoscale imaging, diffraction, and spectroscopy, it is shown that the rapid and deep lithiation of WO3 nanowires leads to the formation of highly disordered and near‐amorphous LixWO3 phases, but with no detectable traces of elemental W and segregated Li2O phase formation. These results highlight the remarkable chemical and structural flexibility of the LixWO3 phases in accommodating the rapid and deep lithiation reaction.
Distribution of Neuron Cell Bodies in the Intraspinal Portion of the Spinal Accessory Nerve in Humans
Authors: Boehm Karl E. , Kondrashov Peter 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTThe spinal accessory nerve is often identified as a purely motor nerve innervating the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles. Although it may contain proprioceptive neurons found in cervical spinal levels C2–C4, limited research has focused on the histology of the spinal accessory nerve. The objective of the present study was to examine the spinal accessory nerve to determine if there are neuronal cell bodies within the spinal accessory nerve in humans. Cervical spinal cords were dissected from eight cadavers that had previously been used for dissection in other body regions. The segmental rootlets were removed to quantify the neuron cell bodies present at each spinal level. Samples were embedded in paraffin; sectioned; stained with hematoxylin and eosin; and examined using a microscope at 4×, 10×, and 40× magnification. Digital photography was used to image the samples. Neuronal cell bodies were found in 100% of the specimens examined, with non‐grossly visible ganglia found at spinal levels C1–C4. The C1 spinal level of the spinal accessory nerve had the highest number of neuron cell bodies. Anat Rec, 299:98–102, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
First Description of a Palatal Organ in Chimaera monstrosa (Chondrichthyes, Holocephali)
Authors: Ferrando Sara , Gallus Lorenzo , Gambardella Chiara , Croce Daniel , Damiano Giulia , Mazzarino Chiara , Vacchi Marino 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTChimaeroid fishes are the only extant Holocephali, a subclass of Chondrichthyes. We describe for the first time a well evidenced structure localized in the palate of the chimaeroid Chimaera monstrosa, here named a palatal organ (PO). Attention has been paid to the holocephalan head morphology, but there has been no mention of this particular organ in the literature. The PO is a soft‐tissue mass located within a slight hollow in between the two vomerine toothplates, and it protrudes into the oral cavity, resembling the mammalian incisive papilla. It is characterized by dense connective tissue with abundant collagen and elastic fibers and no muscular tissue. The robust innervation but low density of taste buds suggest a role in gustation for the PO, but primary utility in general mechanical sensitivity likely implicated in food sorting. The presence of numerous multicellular serous glands in the anterior/dorsal part of the PO is quite surprising because, in gnathostome fish, the presence of multicellular glands within the mouth has been reported in only the rare case of teeth‐associated venom glands. Hypothesized roles for these glands could include food lubrication, digestion and defense against pathogens. In the literature, the presence of a PO has been demonstrated in many published images of chimaeroid fishes, but has gone unnoticed. This trait could represent a peculiar characteristic of all or a subset of holocephalans. Anat Rec, 299:118–131, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Morphological Integration of the Orbital Region in a Human Ontogenetic Sample
Authors: Barbeito‐Andrés Jimena , Anzelmo Marisol , Ventrice Fernando , Pucciarelli Héctor M. , Sardi Marina L. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTMost studies on craniofacial morphology have focused on adult individuals, but patterns of variation are the outcome of genetic and epigenetic variables that interact throughout ontogeny. Among cranial regions, the orbits exhibit morphological variation and occupy an intermediate position between neurocranial and facial structures. The main objective of this work was to analyze postnatal ontogenetic variation and covariation in the morphology of the orbital region in a cross‐sectional series of humans from 0 to 31 years old. Landmarks and semilandmarks were digitized on the orbital rim, as well as in neighboring neural and facial structures. Data were analyzed using geometric morphometrics. Results indicated that orbital size increases during the first years of postnatal life, while the shape of the orbital aperture does not change significantly with age. In general, the pattern and magnitude of shape covariation do not vary markedly during postnatal life although some subtle shifts were documented. Additionally, the shape of the orbital aperture is more related to the anterior neurocranium than to zygomatic structures, even when the allometry is adjusted. Although we expected some influence from postnatal craniofacial growth and from some functional factors, such as mastication, on the development of the orbits, this assumption was not completely supported by our results. As a whole, our findings are in line with the prediction of an early influence of the eyes and extraocular tissues on orbital morphology, and could be interpreted in relation to processes promoting early neural development that coordinately affects orbital traits and the neurocranial skeleton. Anat Rec, 299:70–80, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Developmental Progression of the Coronary Vasculature in Human Embryos and Fetuses
Authors: Tomanek Robert J. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTAlthough considerable advances in our understanding of mammalian and avian embryonic coronary development have occurred during the last decade, our current knowledge of this topic in humans is limited. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to determine if the development of the human coronary vasculature in humans is like that of other mammals and avians. The data document a progression of events involving mesenchymal cell‐containing villi from the proepicardium, establishment of blood islands and a capillary network. The major finding of the study is direct evidence that the capillary plexus associated with spindle cells and erythroblasts invades the base of the aorta to form coronary ostia. A role for the dorsal mesocardium is also indicated by the finding that cells from this region are continuous with the aorta and pulmonary artery. The development of the tunica media of the coronary arteries follows the same base‐apex progression as in other species, with the development of branches occurring late in the embryonic period. The fetal period is characterized by 1) growth and a numerical increase in the smallest arterial branches, veins, and venules, 2) innervation of arteries, and 3) inclusion of elastic fibers in the tunica media of the coronary arteries and development of the tunica adventitia. In conclusion, the data demonstrate that the development of the coronary system in humans is similar to that of other mammalian and avian species, and for the first time documents that the formation of the ostia and coronary stems in humans occurs by ingrowth of a vascular plexus and associated cells from the epicardium. Anat Rec, 299:25–41, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Training and learning of specialized engineers by means of a new advanced software
Authors: Urbikain Gorka , López de Lacalle Luis Norberto 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTThe Group of High Performance Manufacturing of the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) conducts training of specialized industrial engineers, providing specific courses of Advanced Manufacturing together with student participation in innovative projects. Arising from the research activities of the High Speed Machining (HSM) division, a new software with key utilities is presented as a personal approach of the authors to address vibrations and other problems in distinct machining systems. The tool begins to be used during computer‐based practice sessions as well as during practical sessions at the mechanical workshop. It is capable of generating predictive results and extracting direct information from real data. Following the objectives of the instructional strategy, a more than favorable perception was found from the surveys and examination passing rates. This evolving application is conceived of as an introductory learning and training tool for vibration analysis for future manufacturing engineers to reduce the gap between the theoretical and practical sides of the subject. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 24:241–254, 2016; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21702
Gift from Nature: Cyclomarin A Kills Mycobacteria and Malaria Parasites by Distinct Modes of Action
Authors: Bürstner Nathalie , Roggo Silvio , Ostermann Nils , Blank Jutta , Delmas Cecile , Freuler Felix , Gerhartz Bernd , Hinniger Alexandra , Hoepfner Dominic , Liechty Brigitta , Mihalic Manuel , Murphy Jason , Pistorius Dominik , Rottmann Matthias , Thomas Jason R. , Schirle Markus , Schmitt Esther K. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractMalaria continues to be one of the most devastating human diseases despite many efforts to limit its spread by prevention of infection or by pharmaceutical treatment of patients. We have conducted a screen for antiplasmodial compounds by using a natural product library. Here we report on cyclomarin A as a potent growth inhibitor of Plasmodium falciparum and the identification of its molecular target, diadenosine triphosphate hydrolase (PfAp3Aase), by chemical proteomics. Using a biochemical assay, we could show that cyclomarin A is a specific inhibitor of the plasmodial enzyme but not of the closest human homologue hFHIT. Co‐crystallisation experiments demonstrate a unique binding mode of the inhibitor. One molecule of cyclomarin A binds a dimeric PfAp3Aase and prevents the formation of the enzyme⋅substrate complex. These results validate PfAp3Aase as a new drug target for the treatment of malaria. We have previously elucidated the structurally unrelated regulatory subunit ClpC1 of the ClpP protease as the molecular target of cyclomarin A in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Thus, cyclomarin A is a rare example of a natural product with two distinct and specific modes of action.
Solvent‐Free Iridium‐Catalyzed Reactivity of CO2 with Secondary Amines and Hydrosilanes
Authors: Julián Alejandro , Polo Víctor , Jaseer E. A. , Fernández‐Alvarez Francisco J. , Oro Luis A. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe complex [Ir(H)(CF3SO3)(NSiN)(coe)] (NSiN=bis(pyridine‐2‐yloxy)methylsilyl fac‐coordinated) (1) is an effective catalyst precursor for the solvent‐free synthesis of silyl carbamates from reaction of aliphatic secondary amines with CO2 and HSiMe(OSiMe3)2. The preferential formation of the silyl carbamate instead of the expected formamide or methylamine has proven to be consequence of an iridium‐catalyzed dehydrogenative Si−N coupling between the silane and the amine to afford the corresponding silyl amine, which under the reaction conditions reacts with CO2 to give the corresponding silyl carbamate.
Synthesis and Physicochemical Characterization of Ce1−xGdxO2−δ: A Case Study on the Impact of the Oxygen Storage Capacity on the HCl Oxidation Reaction
Authors: Möller Maren , Urban Sven , Cop Pascal , Weller Tobias , Ellinghaus Rüdiger , Kleine‐Boymann Matthias , Fiedler Carsten , Sann Joachim , Janek Jürgen , Chen Limei , Klar Peter J. , Hofmann Detlef M. , Philipps Jan , Dolcet Paolo , Gross Silvia , Over Herbert , Smarsly Bernd M. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis study reports the synthesis of high‐surface‐area Ce1−xGdxO2−δ (CGO) fibers that are used as catalysts for the oxidation of HCl. Special emphasis is put on the role of the oxygen storage capacity (OSC) of the CGO fibers on the catalytic performance. An in‐depth physicochemical characterization of high‐surface‐area CGO was achieved by employing a multitude of dedicated spectroscopic techniques. The increasing OSC with Gd content is traced to the development of a space charge region with increased electron concentration as a result of the nano size of the CGO particles. The activity of CGO in the HCl oxidation reaction is shown to decrease with Gd concentration.