bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inline Monitoring of CO2 Absorption Processes Using Simple Analytical Techniques and Multivariate Modeling
Authors: van der Ham Leen V. , Bakker Daphne E. , Geers Leon F. G. , Goetheer Earl L. V. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe solvent and the dissolved CO2 concentrations are two essential properties of CO2 absorption processes. Currently, they are typically monitored using time‐consuming offline analytical techniques. Initial development efforts aiming at a cost‐effective and reliable inline monitoring system are described. Using a fractional factorial experimental design covering six solvent properties and five analytical techniques, it is demonstrated that the CO2 and solvent concentrations correlate well with the density and refractive index. Applying a simplistic multivariate model to solvent samples from an industrial pilot plant indicated good potential for predictive use. Future work should focus on the development of a more accurate multivariate model, on the modeling of more solvents, and on combining the results with available process data.
An improved method for the removal of ring artifacts in synchrotron radiation images by using GPGPU computing with compute unified device architecture
Authors: Zhu Leqing , Wang Dadong , Wang Huiyan 
Published: December 2013

SUMMARYRing artifacts are a common problem in computed tomography, positron emission tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and synchrotron radiation images. Before further processing the images such as segmentation and quantification, these artifacts have to be removed or suppressed. Otherwise, they may introduce additional errors for the segmentation and subsequent analysis. This paper proposes an improved ring artifact removal method based on biorthogonal wavelet transform, one‐dimensional fast Fourier transform, and Gaussian damping, which is implemented on general‐purpose computing on graphics processing unit with compute unified device architecture. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithms can be speed up several hundred times compared with the previous algorithms on CPU. The significant performance improvement makes the algorithms much more practical in processing large volume of images in real time. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantifying spore viability of the honey bee pathogen Nosema apis using flow cytometry
Authors: Peng Yan , Lee‐Pullen Tracey F. , Heel Kathy , Millar A. Harvey , Baer Boris 
Published: December 2013

AbstractHoney bees are hosts to more than 80 different parasites, some of them being highly virulent and responsible for substantial losses in managed honey bee populations. The study of honey bee pathogens and their interactions with the bees' immune system has therefore become a research area of major interest. Here we developed a fast, accurate and reliable method to quantify the viability of spores of the honey bee gut parasite Nosema apis. To verify this method, a dilution series with 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% live N. apis was made and SYTO 16 and Propidium Iodide (n = 35) were used to distinguish dead from live spores. The viability of spores in each sample was determined by flow cytometry and compared with the current method based on fluorescence microscopy. Results show that N. apis viability counts using flow cytometry produced very similar results when compared with fluorescence microscopy. However, we found that fluorescence microscopy underestimates N. apis viability in samples with higher percentages of viable spores, the latter typically being what is found in biological samples. A series of experiments were conducted to confirm that flow cytometry allows the use of additional fluorescent dyes such as SYBR 14 and SYTOX Red (used in combination with SYTO 16 or Propidium Iodide) to distinguish dead from live spores. We also show that spore viability quantification with flow cytometry can be undertaken using substantially lower dye concentrations than fluorescence microscopy. In conclusion, our data show flow cytometry to be a fast, reliable method to quantify N. apis spore viabilities, which has a number of advantages compared with existing methods. © 2013 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
A queuing model for distributed scheduling in IEEE 802.16 wireless mesh networks
Authors: César Cecília A.C. , Carvalho Solon V. 
Published: December 2013

SummaryThe IEEE 802.16 standard for wireless broadband networks includes the mesh mode in its specifications, where network nodes interact to deliver packets from a client to a remote destination through intermediate nodes. This paper presents a study of the capacity of IEEE 802.16 wireless networks in mesh mode by using M/G/1/L queuing model that represents each network node by incorporating the features of the standard in order to calculate the average delay and throughput in the node. An iterative method integrates the calculation results at each node, obtaining the end‐to‐end delay from any node of the mesh to the Base Station. Because of multiple hops, a node far from the Base Station may have its flows damaged. To minimize this problem, we propose a criterion for a fair distribution of resources. We show the numerical results of the model which indicate a good fit when compared with simulation results. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A decrease in the addition of new cells in the nucleus accumbens and prefrontal cortex between puberty and adulthood in male rats
Authors: Staffend Nancy A. , Mohr Margaret A. , DonCarlos Lydia L. , Sisk Cheryl L. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTAdolescence involves shifts in social behaviors, behavioral flexibility, and adaptive risk‐taking that coincide with structural remodeling of the brain. We previously showed that new cells are added to brain regions associated with sexual behaviors, suggesting that cytogenesis may be a mechanism for acquiring adult‐typical behaviors during adolescence. Whether pubertal cell addition occurs in brain regions associated with behavioral flexibility or motivation and whether these patterns differ between pubertal and adult animals had not been determined. Therefore, we assessed patterns of cell proliferation or survival in the prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens. Pubertal and adult male rats were given injections of bromo‐deoxyuridine (BrdU). To assess cell proliferation, half of the animals from each group were sacrificed 24 h following the last injection. The remaining animals were sacrificed at Day 30 following the last injection to evaluate cell survival. Adult animals had significantly lower densities of BrdU‐immunoreactive (ir) cells in the prefrontal cortex, irrespective of post‐BrdU survival time, whereas in the nucleus accumbens, adult animals had a lower density of BrdU‐ir cells at the short survival time; however, the density of BrdU‐ir cells was equivalent in pubertal and adult animals at the longer survival time. These data provide evidence that cell addition during puberty may contribute to the remodeling of brain regions associated with behavioral flexibility and motivation, and this cell addition continues into adulthood, albeit at lower levels. Higher levels of cell proliferation or survival in younger animals may reflect a higher level of plasticity, possibly contributing to the dynamic remodeling of the pubertal brain. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 74: 633–642, 2014
Interpretation of hair findings in children: about a case involving carbamazepine
Authors: Kintz Pascal 
Published: December 2013

This office has been recently involved in a case dealing with child custody, where the final outcome was difficult to establish. The following concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) in the hair of a 21‐month‐old girl: 154 (0–1 cm), 198 (1–2 cm), 247 (2–3 cm), and 368 pg/mg (3–4 cm) after decontamination.Obviously, the concentrations measured in the hair were much lower than those observed in patients under daily treatment. In this sense, the frequency of exposures appears as infrequent (low level of exposure), with marked decrease in the more recent period. However, the girl was never prescribed carbamazepine and the mother, who was under carbamazepine therapy, denied any administration. The Judge asked if this could result from a single exposure and at which period. At least, three possible interpretations of the measured carbamazepine concentrations were addressed: (1) decrease in administration in the more recent period; (2) increase of body weight due to growing, so the same dosage will result in lower concentrations in hair; and (3) sweat contamination from the mother at the time the girl is with her in bed, the older hair being in contact longer with the bedding. In this case, it was impossible to conclude that the child was deliberately administered carbamazepine. The results of the analysis of hair could indicate that she was in an environment where carbamazepine was being used and where the drug was not being handled and stored with appropriate care. There are many differences between the hair from children and those from adults: hair from children is thinner and more porous, the ratio anagen and catagen phases are not maintained, and the growth rate can be different, at some periods, from the usual 1 cm/month. These differences, together with the influence of PK‐PD parameters are reviewed in this paper, as a basis for suitable interpretation. In view of these results it is proposed that a single hair analysis should not be used firmly to discriminate long‐term exposure to a drug when dealing with children. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Eating disorders symptoms in pregnancy and postpartum: A prospective study in a disadvantaged population in Brazil
Authors: Angélica Nunes Maria , Poyastro Pinheiro Andréa , Feliciati Hoffmann Juliana , Inês Schmidt Maria 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo assess eating disorder symptoms (EDS) from prepregancy through postpartum.MethodSeven hundred and twelve women with gestational age ranging from 16th to 36th week completed the eating disorder examination questionnaire (EDE‐Q). A shortened version of the EDE‐Q was used to assess, retrospectively, EDS during the last 28 days of the pregestational period. Follow up assessment occurred at the 4th–5th month postpartum (n = 427). Generalized structural equation models were used to estimate risk of EDS in pregestation, gestation, and postpartum.ResultsWomen who did not participate in follow up (n = 285) were not significantly different in sociodemographic characteristics. In postpartum, a higher number of women referred shape (RR = 1.65; 95% CI 1.19–2.30) and weight concerns (RR = 1.64; 95% CI 1.16–2.31) than in pregestation. Binge eating (BE) and self‐induced vomiting diminished during pregnancy (RR = 0.70, 95% CI 0.57–0.85; RR = 0.21, 95% CI 0.10–0.44, respectively) and postpartum (RR = 0.62, 95% CI 0.48–0.80; RR = 0.38, 95% CI 0.19–0.76, respectively) compared with pregestationDiscussionShape and weight concerns are highly prevalent in postpartum and may confer risk for the development of inappropriate eating behaviors. Health professionals should be trained on how to recognize these symptoms. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2014; 47:426–430)
Evaluation of Electrical Load Following Capability of Fuel Cell System Fueled by High‐Purity Hydrogen
Authors: Doi Yusuke , Park Deaheum , Ishida Masayoshi , Fujisawa Akitoshi , Miura Shinichi 
Published: December 2013

SUMMARYThis paper describes the electrical response in the load change in a fuel cell system fueled by high‐purity hydrogen. The purpose of this study is to use the fuel cell system to make up for the unstable electrical output of a photovoltaic system utilized as a renewable energy source. As an alternative method instead of a secondary battery, the fuel cell system, which is able to continuously generate power as long as fuel is supplied, is expected to provide better power with higher reliability and stability. To evaluate the load‐following capability of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) system, an experimental setup was constructed with a 200‐W PEFC stack (number of cells: 20; cell area: 20 cm2), which was supplied with hydrogen from a compressed hydrogen cylinder and a metal hydride canister. We measured the transient phenomena in the current and cell voltage when the PEFC stack was given step‐up current loads that changed in the range of 0 to 300 mA/cm2. It was found that PEFC systems with both hydrogen supply sources are able to respond with a time constant of 6.6 to 11.6 µs in the presence of an adequate oxygen supply and at a load below the PEFC rated power. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 186(4): 37–47, 2014; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.22353
Synthesis of 5‐Carbapterocarpens by α‐Arylation of Tetralones Followed by One‐Pot Demethylation/Cyclization with BBr3
Authors: Fernandes Talita de A. , Domingos Jorge L. O. , da Rocha Luiza I. A. , de Medeiros Sabrina , Nájera Carmen , Costa Paulo R. R. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract5‐Carbapterocarpens, one of them displaying estrogenic activity, were prepared from α‐aryltetralones in high yields through a one‐pot, BBr3‐promoted O‐demethylation and cyclization sequence. The key α‐aryltetralone intermediates were obtained by direct α‐arylation of tetralones with o‐alkoxybromoarenes in the presence of Pd2(dba)3 (2.5 mol‐%) and tBu3PHBF4 (10 mol‐%) as catalysts, together with 2.5 equiv. of KOH in dioxane/H2O (4:1), under microwave irradiation conditions (80 W, 100 °C, 40 min), leading to α‐monoaryltetralones in good yields.
SWOT analysis for TV white spaces
Authors: Silva Carlos Filipe M. , Cavalcanti Francisco Rodrigo Porto , Gomes Álvaro 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe digital dividend will occur when the transition from analogue to digital television (TV) becomes effective. The freed and interleaved spectrum, known as TV white spaces (TVWS), may be a good opportunity for business related with new wireless services based on software‐defined radio (SDR) and cognitive radio (CR) technologies. In this scope, the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) analysis—which is a tool to help in the identification of inner (internal origin) and outer (external origin) factors of a company, service or product, which characterise its position in the market—is considered a useful tool to evaluate the chances of success for this new spectrum usage paradigm. In this work, we present a suitable SWOT analysis for the use of TV white spaces considering three different reference scenarios in the European context: spectrum of commons, secondary spectrum market and prioritised services (public safety).Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
User‐centric smart buildings for energy sustainable smart cities
Authors: Moreno María V. , Zamora Miguel A. , Skarmeta Antonio F. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTOver six billion people are expected to live in cities and surrounding regions by 2050. Consequently, in the near future, the autonomic and smart operation of cities may be a critical requirement to improve the economic, social, and environmental well‐being of citizens. Smart urban technologies represent an important contribution to the sustainable development of cities, making smart cities a reality. In this sense, the energy sustainability of cities has become a global concern, bringing with it a wide range of research and technological challenges that affect many aspects of people's lives. Because most of the human lifetime is spent indoors, buildings, which make up a city subsystem, require special attention. Indeed, buildings are the cornerstone in terms of power consumption and CO2 emissions on a global scale. In this paper, we analyze the role that buildings play in terms of their energy performance at city level and present an energy‐efficient management system integrated in a building automation platform based on an Internet of Things approach. Occupants play a crucial role in the system's operation to achieve energy efficient building performance, and any impact on self‐sustainable smart cities will be a consequence of efficient user‐centric smart building designs. Our proposal represents a user‐centric smart solution as a contribution to the energy sustainability of modern cities. The building management platform has been deployed in a real (smart) building, in which a set of tests were carried out to assess different concerns involved in the building's infrastructure management. The first stages of this experiment have already resulted in an energy saving in heating of about 20% at building level, which could translate into a reduction of 8% in the energy consumption of buildings at a European city level. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of fire behaviour of high‐speed trains' interior materials: small‐scale and full‐scale fire tests
Authors: Capote Jorge A. , Jimenez José A. , Alvear Daniel , Alvarez Julio , Abreu Orlando , Lazaro Mariano 
Published: December 2013

SUMMARYThe development of fire‐safety measures for high‐speed passenger trains has been focused on preventing fire initiation or delaying fire growth and spread through small‐scale tests of the materials used in trains. However, new fire‐safety approaches for trains consider a systemic approach. This approach considers numerous global factors that influence fire dynamics, such as the influence of vehicle design, selection of materials, and active and passive protection systems installed. In the present paper, the results of small‐scale and full‐scale tests carried out on the new generation of high‐speed trains operating in Spain are presented. This rolling stock is classified as category B according to the Technical Specification for Interoperability and Operation Category 3 according to EN 45545–1. The results confirmed good fire behaviour using both approaches (small and full‐scale tests). Additionally, several analyses have been performed, including an analysis of the quality of materials used for making different components of the passenger compartment and the influence of ignition source position on fire development. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vivo normative atlas of the hippocampal subfields using multi‐echo susceptibility imaging at 7 Tesla
Authors: Goubran Maged , Rudko David A. , Santyr Brendan , Gati Joe , Szekeres Trevor , Peters Terry M. , Khan Ali R. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractObjectives: To generate a high‐resolution atlas of the hippocampal subfields using images acquired from 7 T, multi‐echo, gradient‐echo MRI for the evaluation of epilepsy and neurodegenerative disorders as well as investigating
(apparent transverse relaxation rate) and quantitative volume magnetic susceptibility (QS) of the subfields. Experimental Design: Healthy control subjects (n = 17) were scanned at 7 T using a multi‐echo gradient‐echo sequence and susceptibility‐weighted magnitude images,
and QS maps were reconstructed. We defined a hippocampal subfield labeling protocol for the magnitude image produced from the average of all echoes and assessed reproducibility through volume and shape metrics. A group‐wise diffeomorphic registration procedure was used to generate an average atlas of the subfields for the whole subject cohort. The quantitative MRI maps and subfield labels were then warped to the average atlas space and used to measure mean values of
and QS characterizing each subfield. Principal Observations: We were able to reliably label hippocampal subfields on the multi‐echo susceptibility images. The group‐averaged atlas accurately aligns these structures to produce a high‐resolution depiction of the subfields, allowing assessment of both quantitative susceptibility and
across subjects. Our analysis of variance demonstrates that there are more apparent differences between the subfields on these quantitative maps than the normalized magnitude images. Conclusion: We constructed a high‐resolution atlas of the hippocampal subfields for use in voxel‐based studies and demonstrated in vivo quantification of susceptibility and
in the subfields. This work is the first in vivo quantification of susceptibility values within the hippocampal subfields at 7 T. Hum Brain Mapp 35:3588–3601, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dirac's Condition for Completely Independent Spanning Trees
Authors: Araki Toru 
Published: December 2013

AbstractTwo spanning trees T1 and T2 of a graph G are completely independent if, for any two vertices u and v, the paths from u to v in T1 and T2 are internally disjoint. In this article, we show two sufficient conditions for the existence of completely independent spanning trees. First, we show that a graph of n vertices has two completely independent spanning trees if the minimum degree of the graph is at least . Then, we prove that the square of a 2‐connected graph has two completely independent spanning trees. These conditions are known to be sufficient conditions for Hamiltonian graphs.
Productive and Re‐productive Thinking in Solving Insight Problems
Authors: Cunningham J. Barton , MacGregor James N. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractMany innovations in organizations result when people discover insightful solutions to problems. Insightful problem‐solving was considered by Gestalt psychologists to be associated with productive, as opposed to re‐productive, thinking. Productive thinking is characterized by shifts in perspective which allow the problem solver to consider new, sometimes transformational, approaches. Re‐productive thinking, on the other hand, involves the application of familiar, routine, procedures. This article reports a study which investigated how self‐reported productive and re‐productive thinking are related to an individual's ability to solve insight problems. Our measures were tested against the Kirton Adaption‐Innovation Inventory (KAI), and a battery of spatial insight problems. The results indicated that productive and re‐productive thinking and the KAI were successful in predicting performance on spatial insight problems. Furthermore, the measures of productive and re‐productive thinking accounted for spatial insight performance independently of scores on the KAI. In addition, the results suggested that re‐productive thinking consists of two different components—one based on group conventions and the other on personal experience. Each contributed differently to solving insight problems.
In vitro and in vivo antioxidant and antimutagenic activities of polyphenols extracted from hops (Humulus lupulus L.)
Authors: Wang Xuping , Yang Lei , Yang Xiaolan , Tian Yanhua 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDHops (Humulus lupulus L.) contain 40–140 mg g−1 polyphenols. The objective of this study was to determine the phenolic composition of a high‐purity (total phenolic content = 887 mg g−1) hop polyphenol extract (HPE) and evaluate its antioxidant activities in vivo and in vitro and its antimutagenic activity. The antioxidant activity of HPE was compared with the activity of green tea polyphenols.RESULTSThe phenolic compositions of HPE were more than 55% proanthocyanidins and more than 28% flavonoid glycosides. In vitro, HPE effectively scavenged α,α‐diphenyl‐β‐picrylhydrazyl, hydroxyl and superoxide anion radicals, and inhibited DNA oxidative damage. In vivo, oral HPE at a polyphenol dose of 200–800 mg kg−1 body weight significantly prevented a bromobenzene‐induced decrease in liver superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activity, and decreased levels of liver thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in bromobenzene‐treated mice. An oral dose of 20–80 mg kg−1 body weight HPE significantly reduced the frequency of bone marrow micronuclei induced by cyclophosphamide. The antioxidant activities of hop polyphenols in vitro and in vivo were higher than green tea polyphenols at the same concentration.CONCLUSIONHop polyphenols had the same or higher antioxidant activity than tea polyphenols. Hop polyphenols might be useful as natural antioxidants and antimutagens. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry