bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Character, Attitude and Disposition
Authors: Webber Jonathan 
Published: May 2013

AbstractRecent debate over the empirical psychological presuppositions of virtue ethics has focused on reactive behavioural dispositions. But there are many character traits that cannot be understood properly in this way. Such traits are well described by attitude psychology. Moreover, the findings of attitude psychology support virtue ethics in three ways. First, they confirm the role of habituation in the development of character. Further, they show virtue ethics to be compatible with the situation manipulation experiments at the heart of the recent debate. Finally, they show how the cognitive‐affective theory of personality and the two‐system theory of behavioural cognition are compatible, thereby undermining the current empirical challenge to virtue ethics. Empirical research into the nature and development of attitudes should therefore be central to philosophical discussions of virtue and character.
Evidence based library and information practice: what's in it for you?
Authors: Wilson Virginia , Grant Maria J. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWith its roots in evidence‐based medicine, Evidence Based Library and Information Practice emerged 15 years ago and, with health librarians leading the way, has since been adopted by librarians and libraries in all sectors. EBLIP is an iterative process that may see you undertaking your own research although most likely, it will see you integrate your experience as a library and information professionals with research evidence generated both within and without the library science sector. As a library and information worker, you can use the Evidence Based Library and Information Practice process to help inform your decision‐making, streamline services and identify ways forward to fit your personal context.
Somatostatin receptor expression in thyroid disease
Authors: Atkinson Helen , England James A. , Rafferty Amy , Jesudason Vim , Bedford Karen , Karsai Laszlo , Atkin Stephen L. 
Published: May 2013

SummarySomatostatin analogues are commercially available and used for the management of acromegaly and neuroendocrine tumours, but the expression of the receptors as a target in thyroid disease has not been explored. To assess somatostatin (SST) and somatostatin receptor (SSTR1‐5) expression in both normal and thyroid disorders, as a potential target for somatostatin analogue therapy, 67 thyroid tissue specimens were reviewed: 12 differentiated thyroid carcinomas, 14 follicular adenomas, 17 multinodular goitres, 14 Graves disease, 10 Hashimotos thyroiditis specimens and five normal thyroids. Tissue was immunostained for SST and SSTR1‐5. Positivity and the degree of positivity were recorded by double‐blinded observers. Somatostatin receptor expression was highly expressed in normal tissue for SSTR1, 3, 4 and 5 (5 of 5, 4 of 5, 4 of 5 and 5 of 5 respectively) whilst SST and SSTR 2a and b were not expressed at all. The commonest receptor expressed for all pathological subtypes grouped together was SSTR2b (63 specimens). The commonest receptors expressed in differentiated thyroid cancer were SSTR5 (11 of 12 specimens) and SSTR2b (10 of 12 specimens). The commonest receptor expressed in benign disease was SSTR2b (53 of 55 specimens). SSTR5 was significantly under‐expressed in Graves disease (P < 0.05). This study illustrates that SSTR 1, 3, 4 and 5 are highly expressed in normal, benign and malignant thyroid tissue. SSTR 2a and 2b appear absent in normal tissue and present in benign and malignant thyroid tissue (P < 0.02). This suggests that focussed SSTR2 treatment may be a potential therapeutic target.
Foetal exposure to Panax ginseng extract reverts the effects of prenatal dexamethasone in the synthesis of testosterone by Leydig cells of the adult rat
Authors: Wanderley Maria I. , Saraiva Karina L. A. , César Vieira Juliany S. B. , Peixoto Christina A. , Udrisar Daniel P. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryThe aim of this study was to examine the effect of maternal exposure to Panax ginseng extract (GE) on the prenatal dexamethasone (DEXA)‐induced increase in testosterone production by isolated Leydig cells in adult rats. Pregnant rats were treated with (i) GE (200 mg/kg) or vehicle on days 10–21; (ii) DEXA (100 μg/kg) or vehicle on days 14–21; or (iii) a combination of GE plus DEXA at the same doses and with the same regimen. Testosterone production was induced either by the activator of protein kinase A (dbcAMP) or substrates of steroidogenesis [22(R)‐hydroxycholesterol (22(R)‐OH‐C)] and pregnenolone. The capacity of rat Leydig cells exposed to DEXA to synthesize testosterone induced by dbcAMP, 22(R)‐OH‐C or pregnenolone was increased in comparison with the control group. Combined exposure to DEXA + GE prevented the effect of DEXA on the responsiveness of Leydig cells to all inductors of testosterone synthesis, whereas GE alone did not modify the response to inductors. No modifications in testosterone production were observed under basal conditions. StAR immunoexpression in Leydig cells was not modified by prenatal exposure to DEXA, GE or DEXA + GE. P450scc and glucocorticoid receptor immunoexpression was higher in offspring exposed to DEXA in comparison with the control group. This increased expression was prevented by combined treatment with DEXA + GE. The present findings demonstrate that GE is capable of reversing the effect of DEXA on testosterone synthesis by rat Leydig cells.
Cyclic guanosine monophosphate‐enhancing reduces androgenic extracellular regulated protein kinases‐phosphorylation/Rho kinase II‐activation in benign prostate hyperplasia
Authors: Liu Chi‐Ming , Fan Ya‐Chin , Lo Yi‐Ching , Wu Bin‐Nan , Yeh Jwu‐Lai , Chen Ing‐Jun 
Published: May 2013

ObjectivesTo investigate whether 7‐[2‐[4‐(2‐chlorophenyl) piperazinyl] ethyl]‐1,3‐di‐methylxanthine (KMUP‐1) inhibits the effects of testosterone on the development of benign prostatic hyperplasia and sensitizes prostate contraction.MethodsA benign prostatic hyperplasia animal model was established by subcutaneous injections of testosterone (3 mg/kg/day, s.c.) for 4 weeks in adult male Sprague–Dawley rats. Animals were divided into six groups: control, testosterone, testosterone with KMUP‐1 (2.5, 5 mg/kg/day), sildenafil (5 mg/kg/day) or doxazosin (5 mg/kg/day). After 4 weeks, the animals were killed, and prostate tissues were prepared for isometric tension measurement and western blotting analysis. KMUP‐1, Y27632, zaprinast, doxazosin or tamsulosin were used at various concentrations to determine the contractility sensitized by phenylephrine (10 μmol/L).ResultsKMUP‐1 inhibited testosterone‐induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal‐regulated phosphorylated protein kinase and mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase and Rho kinase‐II activation. Sildenafil and doxazosin significantly decreased benign prostatic hyperplasia‐induced mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase and Rho kinase‐II activation. The decreased expressions of soluble guanylate cyclase α1 was reversed by KMUP‐1, doxazosin and sildenafil. Soluble guanylate cyclase β1 and protein kinase G were increased by KMUP‐1, doxazosin, and sildenafil in the testosterone‐treated benign prostatic hyperplasia group. Phosphodiesterase‐5A was increased by testosterone and inhibited by KMUP‐1 (5 mg/kg/day) or sildenafil (5 mg/kg/day). KMUP‐1 inhibited phenylephrine‐sensitized prostate contraction of rats treated with testosterone.ConclusionsMitogen‐activated protein kinase 1/extracellular regulated protein kinases kinase, soluble guanylate cyclase/cyclic guanosine monophosphate, protein kinase/protein kinase G and Rho kinase‐II are related to prostate smooth muscle tone and proliferation induced by testosterone. KMUP‐1 inhibits testosterone‐induced prostate hyper‐contractility and mitogen‐activated protein kinase 1/extracellular regulated protein kinases kinase‐phosphorylation, and it inactivates Rho kinase‐II by cyclic guanosine monophosphate, protein kinase and α1A‐adenergic blockade. Thus, KMUP‐1 might be a beneficial pharmacotherapy for benign prostatic hyperplasia.
Attracting and Retaining Globally Mobile Skilled Migrants: Policy Challenges based on Australian Research
Authors: Khoo Siew‐Ean 
Published: May 2013

AbstractFor people with managerial, professional or technical skills and work experience, the job market is global, if they so choose. Their skills and work experience are sought after in a number of countries and they have a choice of where they would prefer to work. This article1 examines globally mobile skilled migrants' reasons for migration and return migration, as indicated in Australian research, and the policy challenges some of these reasons may pose for source and destination countries that want to retain or attract these people. This is because while some reasons or factors motivating the migration or return migration of skilled workers can be influenced by government policy, others such as lifestyle or quality of life factors may pose more difficulties for policy influence.
Prognostic nomogram for diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma incorporating the International Prognostic Index with interim‐positron emission tomography findings
Authors: Chow A. , Phillips M. , Siew T. , Cull G. , Augustson B. , Ward M. , Joske D. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackground/AimsResults from interim‐positron emission tomography (PET) studies in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients are varied. We evaluated the prognostic value of interim‐PET in our centre. To improve concordance, interim‐PET was combined with the International Prognostic Index (IPI).MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 100 new consecutive DLBCL patients treated with immunochemotherapy from 2005 to 2010. Twenty‐four patients did not receive interim‐PET and were excluded. Interim‐PET images were re‐examined using a qualitative assessment technique. Progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were analysed by the Cox proportional hazards model and prognostic accuracy was assessed using Harrell's C statistics (C).ResultsEleven patients were positive, and 65 were negative at interim‐PET. The 2‐year OS and PFS were 70.8% and 60.0%, respectively, in the PET‐negative group, 36.4% and 36.4% for the PET‐positive group (log‐rank P‐value 0.0008 for PFS, 0.0001 for OS). The IPI and interim‐PET were minimally correlated. On Cox regression analysis, both were significant indicators of PFS (P < 0.001 and P = 0.002 respectively). The prognostic accuracy for PFS of a negative PET result was limited (C = 0.63), as it was for IPI (C = 0.75), but with the two indicators combined, the predictive accuracy was improved (C = 0.81). A nomogram, predictive for relapse‐free survival at 2 years, was constructed.ConclusionIn DLBCL patients treated with immunochemotherapy, the IPI and interim‐PET provide independent prognostic information. In combination, a more powerful predictive model may be created as a nomogram. This can be refined in prospective trials and may help clinical decision making.
Carbon monoxide exposure improves immune function in lupus‐prone mice
Authors: Mackern‐Oberti Juan P. , Llanos Carolina , Carreño Leandro J. , Riquelme Sebastián A. , Jacobelli Sergio H. , Anegon Ignacio , Kalergis Alexis M. 
Published: May 2013

SummarySystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by multiple alterations affecting the normal function of immune cells, such as lymphocytes, dendritic cells (DCs) and monocytes. Although the understanding of autoimmunity has significantly increased, the breakthrough in effective therapies has been modest, making necessary the development of new therapeutic strategies. Here we propose that a new potential target for therapy is haem oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1), an enzyme that catalyses the degradation of the haem group into biliverdin, carbon monoxide (CO) and Fe2+. These products exhibit immunosuppressive and anti‐inflammatory effects, which can contribute to improving tolerance during organ transplantation. Because HO‐1 is highly expressed by immune cells involved in SLE pathogenesis, such as monocytes and DCs, we evaluated whether induction of HO‐1 expression or the administration of CO could ameliorate disease in the FcγRIIb knockout (KO) mouse model for SLE. We found that CO administration decreased the expansion of CD11b+ cells, prevented the decline of regulatory T cells and reduced anti‐histone antibodies observed in untreated FcγRIIb KO mice. Furthermore, CO‐treated animals and HO‐1 induction showed less kidney damage compared with untreated mice. These data suggest that HO‐1 modulation and CO administration can ameliorate autoimmunity and prevent the lupus symptoms shown by FcγRIIb KO mice, highlighting HO‐1 as a potential new target for autoimmune therapy.
The willingness of a society to act on behalf of Indigenous Australians and refugees: the role of contact, intergroup anxiety, prejudice, and support for legislative change
Authors: Turoy‐Smith Katrine M. , Kane Robert , Pedersen Anne 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe relationship between contact and prejudice against Indigenous Australians and refugees was explored. Using path analysis, increased quality of contact significantly decreased prejudice toward Indigenous Australians, both directly and indirectly through intergroup anxiety; while increased quantity of contact reduced prejudice via a direct pathway. Decreased levels of prejudice toward Indigenous Australians led to increases in support for legislation, which led to increases in willingness to act. Similar results were found for the refugee analysis, except that there was no relationship between quantity of contact and other variables. Qualitative analyses revealed the importance of context, the nature of experience and indirect experience, and societal factors. Our results indicate the power of contact, as well as other structural, interpersonal, and personal factors.
Reconciliation responses, blame, and expressions of guilt or shame
Authors: Kamau Caroline , Giner‐Sorolla Roger , Zebel Sven 
Published: May 2013

AbstractRecipients of intergroup apologies have been found to prefer expressions of shame over guilt. However, there is little research comparing the responses of a wronged group with those of a blamed group. Kenyans/Britons evaluated guilt/shame statements about colonialism, with blame measured as the assignment of collective guilt to Britain. Among Britons, there was a significant interaction, with high in‐group blamers expecting more reconciliation from shame than from guilt, and vice versa for low in‐group blamers. Among Kenyans, there was no main effect of blame, but more reconciliation was expected from shame than from guilt. Wronged groups thus appear to prefer shame over guilt, whereas preference for guilt/shame among members of a blamed group depends on the level of in‐group blame.
Examination of ethnic group differential responding on a biodata instrument
Authors: Dean Michelle A. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBiodata is a selection device that is often cited for high criterion validity and low adverse impact, yet little research examines the latter point. Further, little is known about whether differential biodata item responding by ethnic group occurs, and if so, whether this impacts ethnic group differences, predictive bias, adverse impact, and criterion validity. Data from 5,242 applicants for a government agency position indicated that elimination of biodata item response options with differential ethnic group selection rates from scoring consideration resulted in a large decrease in ethnic group differences, no predictive bias, less potential adverse impact, and a nonsignificant decrease in criterion validity. Results are compared to a general mental ability measure. Implications and future research directions are discussed.
SLIDE, The Protein Interacting Domain of Imitation Switch Remodelers, Binds DDT‐Domain Proteins of Different Subfamilies in Chromatin Remodeling Complexes
Authors: Dong Jiaqiang , Gao Zheng , Liu Shujing , Li Guang , Yang Zhongnan , Huang Hai , Xu Lin 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe Imitation Switch (ISWI) type adenosine triphosphate (ATP)‐dependent chromatin remodeling factors are conserved proteins in eukaryotes, and some of them are known to form stable remodeling complexes with members from a family of proteins, termed DDT‐domain proteins. Although it is well documented that ISWIs play important roles in different biological processes in many eukaryotic species, the molecular basis for protein interactions in ISWI complexes has not been fully addressed. Here, we report the identification of interaction domains for both ISWI and DDT‐domain proteins. By analyzing CHROMATIN REMODELING11 (CHR11) and RINGLET1 (RLT1), an Arabidopsis thaliana ISWI (AtISWI) and AtDDT‐domain protein, respectively, we show that the SLIDE domain of CHR11 and the DDT domain together with an adjacent sequence of RLT1 are responsible for their binding. The Arabidopsis genome contains at least 12 genes that encode DDT‐domain proteins, which could be grouped into five subfamilies based on the sequence similarity. The SLIDE domain of AtISWI is able to bind members from different AtDDT subfamilies. Moreover, a human ISWI protein SNF2H is capable of binding AtDDT‐domain proteins through its SLIDE domain, suggesting that binding to DDT‐domain proteins is a conserved biochemical function for the SLIDE domain of ISWIs in eukaryotes.
Antecedents to supportive supervision: An examination of biographical data
Authors: Paustian‐Underdahl Samantha C. , Shanock Linda R. , Rogelberg Steven G. , W. Scott Cliff , Justice Logan , Altman David G. 
Published: May 2013

The purpose of this study was to contribute to the limited body of knowledge of antecedents to supervisor support by utilizing the ecology model to explore the biographical information that differentiates highly supportive supervisors from those who are less supportive. We analysed qualitative biographical data from 65 supervisors rated as highly supportive and 63 supervisors rated as less supportive by their subordinates, comparing and contrasting their personality characteristics, work experiences, and life experiences. We found that highly supportive supervisors were more likely to see themselves as being warm and sociable, to think that their communication and leadership skills were their key strengths, and they were more involved in a variety of social and professional groups than less supportive supervisors. Supportive supervision is one way organizations can inexpensively work to build the job skills, abilities, and the interpersonal skills of organizational members. On the basis of the findings of this study, we propose some ways in which an organization can hire and develop supervisors to be more supportive.Practitioner points

Utilizing the ecology model as a framework, potential antecedents to supervisor supportiveness are examined.

Implications for research and practice related to developing and selecting for supportive supervision are discussed.
The use of the Oral Health Impact Profile to measure the impact of mild, moderate and severe hypodontia on oral health‐related quality of life in young adults
Authors: Anweigi L. , Allen P. F. , Ziada H. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThere is limited understanding of the subjective impact of congenital absence of teeth in patients with hypodontia. This study aimed to investigate the impact of mild, moderate and severe hypodontia on oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) and its relationship to age, gender and extent of hypodontia prior to treatment. 82 patients (43 females and 39 males, age range from 16 to 34 years) with a confirmed diagnosis of non‐syndromic hypodontia were recruited for this study prior to treatment. Demographic details were recorded and a clinical examination documented the number and location of missing teeth. Participants were also asked to complete an oral health‐related quality of life measure, the OHIP‐49. The impact was of hypodontia was significant, with appearance concerns being the most prevalent impacts on oral health‐related quality of life. Gender was a significant predictor of the overall OHIP‐49 score, with females having higher level of impacts. The number and location of missing permanent teeth was not a good predictor of quality of life. However, location of missing teeth was a predictor of the psychological discomfort subscale score. There was a positive correlation between age and the functional limitation and physical disability subscale scores. This study shows that the impact of hypodontia on oral health‐related quality of life is substantial.
Emergency department presentations by Aboriginal children: Issues for consideration for appropriate health services
Authors: Duncan Catriona , Williams Katrina , Nathanson Dania , Thomas Susan , Cottier Carolyn , O'Meara Matthew , Zwi Karen 
Published: May 2013

AimThis study describes the presentations made to the Sydney Children's Hospital (SCH) Emergency Department (ED) by local Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (Aboriginal) children with particular reference to children who present frequently or whose presentation was preventable.MethodsData from the SCH ED Information System were extracted for all presentations made by children who identified as Aboriginal, aged between 0–15 years, who presented between 2005–2008. Presentations were coded according to the presenting problem, diagnosis, outcome, and whether the presentations were potentially preventable. Preventable presentations include those presentations considered to be avoidable and those that could have been managed by a local primary care or community service.ResultsThere were 1252 presentations to the SCH ED by 453 Aboriginal children aged 0–15 years. More than 50% of children presented more than once. Seventy‐nine children presented more than five times. Nearly 45% of presentations were coded as potentially preventable.ConclusionsA significant proportion of ED presentations were potentially preventable with the use of culturally appropriate and accessible local community and primary health care services and better referral pathways back to these services. Community engagement is required to raise awareness of common presentations and to look at strategies to prevent common problems both occurring and presenting to the ED. This will enhance the health of urban Aboriginal children.
Optimal Monetary Policy in OLG Models with Long‐Lived Agents: A Note
Authors: HIRAGUCHI RYOJI 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis note reexamines Crettez, Michel, and Wigniolle (), who studied a two‐period overlapping generations model with cash‐in‐advance constraints and showed that a combination of saving tax and monetary policy involving positive nominal interest rates could achieve the first‐best allocation. The note shows that their result does not hold if agents live for three periods. The implementation of the first best requires the Friedman rule. If agents are long‐lived, saving tax cannot offset a distortion caused by the positive nominal interest rate.
Should Sales Taxes Be Imposed on E‐Commerce?
Authors: DAKHLIA SAMI , STRAUSS ROBERT P. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWe study the impact of E‐commerce across state lines in the United States on tax revenue, public good provision, and real income. In particular, in light of the unenforceable nature of interstate taxation, we evaluate the potential gains from coordinating sales and income state taxes among sovereign jurisdictions. We find that the revenue at risk is small and that the welfare gains or losses of any countervailing policy measures, in particular those associated with the Streamlined Sales Tax Project, are even smaller.