bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abundance–diversity relationship as a unique signature of temporal scaling in the fossil record
Authors: Tomašových Adam , Kowalewski Michał , Nawrot Rafał , Scarponi Daniele , Zuschin Martin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSpecies diversity increases with the temporal grain of samples according to the species–time relationship (STR), impacting palaeoecological analyses because the temporal grain (time averaging) of fossil assemblages varies by several orders of magnitude. We predict a positive relation between total abundance and sample size‐independent diversity (ADR) in fossil assemblages because an increase in time averaging, determined by a decreasing sediment accumulation, should increase abundance and depress species dominance. We demonstrate that, in contrast to negative ADR of non‐averaged living assemblages, the ADR of Holocene fossil assemblages is positive, unconditionally or when conditioned on the energy availability gradient. However, the positive fossil ADR disappears when conditioned on sediment accumulation, demonstrating that ADR is a signature of diversity scaling induced by variable time averaging. Conditioning ADR on sediment accumulation can identify and remove the scaling effect caused by time averaging, providing an avenue for unbiased biodiversity comparisons across space and time.
Effectiveness of patisiran after switching from tafamidis for the treatment of hereditary transthyretin‐mediated amyloidosis with polyneuropathy
Authors: Labeyrie Celine , Merkel Madeline , Sethi Sakshi , Popadic Lyuba , Yang Hongbo , Sweetser Marianne T. , Lin Hollis , Adams David 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackground and purposeHereditary transthyretin‐mediated amyloidosis with polyneuropathy (ATTRv‐PN [v for variant]) is a rare, progressive disease associated with multisystemic impairments. This study assessed the real‐world outcomes of patients with ATTRv‐PN who switched from tafamidis to patisiran, as well as the reasons for the treatment switch.MethodsThis was a retrospective chart review study at a large expert referral center. Data were extracted from medical charts of patients with ATTRv‐PN who switched from tafamidis to patisiran on or before 30 August 2019. Data elements included demographic and clinical characteristics, rationale for switch, and disease measures evaluated from tafamidis initiation through the 12‐month patisiran treatment period.ResultsAmong the 24 patients with ATTRv‐PN included in the study, 50.0% had a V30M variant, and the mean (SD) age was 67.3 (8.0) years. During tafamidis treatment (mean [SD] = 30.1 [17.5] months) before switching to patisiran, patients worsened across multiple polyneuropathy measures, including walking ability, Neuropathy Impairment Score, and autonomic function. Neuropathic disease progression on tafamidis was the principal reason for switching to patisiran. After 12 months on patisiran (mean [SD] = 11.7 [1.4] months), patients experienced attenuated disease progression or improvement in the aforementioned measures of polyneuropathy.ConclusionsSwitching from tafamidis to patisiran attenuated the rate of functional decline, and most patients experienced stabilization or improvement of at least one polyneuropathy measure within 12 months of patisiran treatment. Timely switch from tafamidis to patisiran can be beneficial to avoid rapid disease progression in patients with ATTRv‐PN.
Creep crack growth in alloy 247LC‐DS
Authors: Towner Zachary B. , Narasimhachary Santosh B. , Gravett Phillip W. , Neu Richard W. , Muhlstein Christopher L. , Saxena Ashok 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCreep crack growth experiments were performed at 750°C, 850°C, and 950°C on nominally 3 and 12.7 mm thick compact type specimens of alloy 247LC‐DS, a Ni‐base superalloy used for hot‐section gas turbine blades. The primary crack plane was transverse to the solidification direction. The crack path–microstructure interaction was characterized. Crack growth occurred in a creep‐ductile manner and data analyses utilized time‐dependent fracture mechanics. No measurable crack growth occurred at 750°C. Cracks grew by formation, growth, and coalescence of cavities on interdendritic carbides in both the primary crack plane and normal to said plane at 850°C and 950°C. The variability in the crack growth rate was higher in thicker specimens, but the mean creep crack growth rate versus Ct relationship in 247LC‐DS was neither sensitive to test temperature ≥850°C nor specimen thickness. Quantitative relationships between da/dt and Ct were derived for mean, upper, and lower bound creep crack growth rate trends.
Ketone body metabolism and the NLRP3 inflammasome in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Shippy Daniel C. , Evered Abigail H. , Ulland Tyler K. 
Published: July 2024

SummaryAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a degenerative brain disorder and the most common form of dementia. AD pathology is characterized by senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) composed of amyloid‐β (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau, respectively. Neuroinflammation has been shown to drive Aβ and tau pathology, with evidence suggesting the nod‐like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome as a key pathway in AD pathogenesis. NLRP3 inflammasome activation in microglia, the primary immune effector cells of the brain, results in caspase‐1 activation and secretion of IL‐1β and IL‐18. Recent studies have demonstrated a dramatic interplay between the metabolic state and effector functions of immune cells. Microglial metabolism in AD is of particular interest, as ketone bodies (acetone, acetoacetate (AcAc), and β‐hydroxybutyrate (BHB)) serve as an alternative energy source when glucose utilization is compromised in the brain of patients with AD. Furthermore, reduced cerebral glucose metabolism concomitant with increased BHB levels has been demonstrated to inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Here, we review the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome and microglial ketone body metabolism in AD pathogenesis. We also highlight NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition by several ketone body therapies as a promising new treatment strategy for AD.
The use of general anesthesia for dental treatment of children with special healthcare needs in Alberta, Canada
Authors: Yazdanbakhsh Elnaz , Bohlouli Babak , Patterson Steven , Amin Maryam 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundChildren with special healthcare needs (SHCN) often require specialized interventions due to their disabilities. Dental general anesthesia (DGA) is a treatment modality, which improves their access to care but concerns about repeated DGAs persist.AimThis study investigated DGA utilization in children with SHCN and identified factors associated with multiple DGAs in Alberta, Canada (2010–2020).DesignThis retrospective population‐based study used administrative data encompassing all children (<18 years) undergoing DGA in publicly funded facilities. Children were identified as SHCN based on their diagnosis codes and categorized into behavioral/psychiatric disorders, mental/intellectual disabilities, physical disabilities, systemic conditions, syndromes/congenital anomalies, physical–mental disabilities, and disabilities with medical conditions.ResultsThis study analyzed 3884 DGA visits for children with SHCN, predominantly males aged 6–11 and from low‐income families. Mental/intellectual disabilities were prevalent (31.8%), and autism was the leading disease. Caries was the primary dental diagnosis across all groups, whereas pulp problems were higher in psychiatric/behavioral disorders (23.6%), and periodontal problems were more common in physical–mental disabilities (13.2%). 28.7% had multiple DGAs, with younger age, disabilities with medical conditions, mental/intellectual disabilities, and initial pulp treatments, increasing the likelihood of multiple DGAs.ConclusionThis study highlights the importance of individualized prevention and less conservative treatments for younger children to reduce oral health disparities.
A nomogram‐based predictive model for tooth survival in Chinese patients with periodontitis: An 11‐year retrospective cohort study
Authors: Shi Shuwen , Meng Yang , Jiao Jian , Shi Dong , Feng Xianghui , Meng Huanxin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimTo develop a nomogram‐based predictive model of tooth survival by comprehensively analysing clinical and radiographic risk factors of tooth loss (TL).Materials and MethodsIn this study, 3447 teeth of 131 subjects who underwent non‐surgical periodontal treatment were examined retrospectively within a mean follow‐up period of 11.6 years. The association of risk factors including clinical and radiographic parameters with TL was assessed using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. A nomogram‐based predictive model was developed, and its validation and discriminatory ability were analysed.ResultsIn all, 313 teeth were lost in 94 patients in this study (overall tooth loss [OTL] 9.08%; 0.21 teeth/patient/year). Male, heavy smoking, molar teeth, probing depth (PD), attachment loss (AL), tooth mobility and radiographic bone loss were significantly associated with TL (p < .05). A gradient effect of tooth mobility on TL increased from degree I to III versus none (p < .0001). The area under the curve (AUC) of the model was 0.865. Calibration curve and decision curve analysis demonstrated good performance and high net benefit, respectively.ConclusionsAdopting a specific nomogram could facilitate the prediction of tooth survival and the development of tailored treatment plans in Chinese patients with advanced periodontitis.
A novel predictive model for optimizing diabetes screening in older adults
Authors: Lin Yushuang , Shen Ya , He Rongbo , Wang Quan , Deng Hongbin , Cheng Shujunyan , Liu Yu , Li Yimin , Lu Xiang , Shen Zhengkai 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe fasting blood glucose test is widely used for diabetes screening. However, it may fail to detect early‐stage diabetes characterized by elevated postprandial glucose levels. Hence, we developed and internally validated a nomogram to predict the diabetes risk in older adults with normal fasting glucose levels.Materials and MethodsThis study enrolled 2,235 older adults, dividing them into a Training Set (n = 1,564) and a Validation Set (n = 671) based on a 7:3 ratio. We employed the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression to identify predictors for constructing the nomogram. Calibration and discrimination were employed to assess the nomogram's performance, while its clinical utility was evaluated through decision curve analysis.ResultsNine key variables were identified as significant factors: age, gender, body mass index, fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, alanine aminotransferase, the ratio of alanine aminotransferase to aspartate aminotransferase, blood urea nitrogen, and hemoglobin. The nomogram demonstrated good discrimination, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.824 in the Training Set and 0.809 in the Validation Set. Calibration curves for both sets confirmed the model's accuracy in estimating the actual diabetes risk. Decision curve analysis highlighted the model's clinical utility.ConclusionsWe provided a dynamic nomogram for identifying older adults at risk of diabetes, potentially enhancing the efficiency of diabetes screening in primary healthcare units.
Consensus study on UK weight management services' response to COVID‐19: best practices in outpatient management, governance and digital solutions
Authors: Holt Guy , Hughes David 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic put unprecedented pressure on weight management services. These services were required to adapt to continue to provide care for people living with obesity. This study sought to develop consensus recommendations on the best practice solutions adopted by weight management services in the United Kingdom during the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsThis study utilised a semi‐structured interview and a modified Delphi methodology to develop a consensus of best practice recommendations identified by specialist weight management services during the pandemic.ResultsTwenty‐three healthcare professionals working in weight management service across the United Kingdom participated in the study. Analysis of interview transcripts identified four key thematic domains: outpatient, patient education and support, perioperative care and team working. Of the initial 43 unique recommendations, 30 reached consensus agreement. Outpatient recommendations focused on communication strategies, patient self‐monitoring and remote patient tracking. Patient education and support recommendations addressed the development of online educational resources and support groups. Perioperative care recommendations emphasised case prioritisation, waiting list support and postoperative care. Team working recommendations targeted the use of digital collaboration tools and strategies for effective teamwork.ConclusionDeveloping consensus recommendations on best practice is a critical step for weight management and outpatient services to achieve higher standards of care. These recommendations provide a springboard for departmental discussions, paving the way for improved experiences for individuals living with obesity as they progress along their weight management journey.
Biodiversity and ecosystem services in business sustainability: Toward systematic, value chain‐wide monitoring that aligns with public accounting
Authors: D'Amato Dalia , La Notte Alessandra , Damiani Mattia , Sala Serenella 
Published: July 2024

AbstractImportant expectations are placed globally on the private sector to take part in co‐governing sustainability challenges. With increasing recognition that business organizations depend and impact on natural capital, biodiversity, and related ecosystem services, it has become pivotal for companies to be able to appraise and manage such issues. This calls for developing avenues through which biodiversity and ecosystem services can be incorporated in sustainability accounting (as well as reporting and response practices) by individual organizations, without neglecting a value chain‐wide perspective, and aligning that with existing efforts for public accounting of natural capital, against the overall framework of national and global sustainability goal and targets. This article addresses such a call by elaborating on the contributions of ecosystem services to business organizations and illustrating the two main challenges related to feeding private sector data into national accounting of natural capital and ecosystem services; and to understand how the two challenges identified in the previous point can be addressed by companies, we provide an overview of the fragmented landscape of management systems, approaches, methods, and initiatives dedicated to monitoring, reporting on, and responding to biodiversity and ecosystem services issues at the organizational and value chain level. We conclude by offering reflections on how to foster a shift from one‐off assessments at the company level to more systematic and comprehensive ones along the value chain.
Mapping manufactured capital in mainland China with harmonized night‐time light images between 1992 and 2018
Authors: Song Lulu , Huang Yuanyi , Liu Yupeng , Li Nan , Chen Wei‐Qiang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe manufactured capital, usually denoted as material stocks from an industrial ecology perspective, has thus far received wide attention in sustainability and circularity science. Sustainable resource management should be rooted in detailed knowledge of manufactured capital accumulation in society at a high spatial resolution. Previous studies demonstrated that night‐time light (NTL) data provide a great opportunity for monitoring material stocks dynamics at a higher spatial resolution on the regional and global scale. However, the potential of historical–geographical refined material stocks has not been fully analyzed and explored because of the inconsistency of NTL images detected by the different satellites. In this study, based on a new set of material stocks data in China and harmonized NTL images (1992–2018), we map the national stocks of 13 bulk materials (including cement, gravel, wood, brick, sand, asphalt, glass, lime, plastic, rubber, copper, aluminum, and steel) at a 1 × 1 km resolution from 1992 to 2018. The results find that the total material stocks increased from 190,000 to 460,000 t/km2 between 1992 and 2018. Among the five end‐use sectors, buildings have the highest density of 430,000 t/km2, while domestic appliances have the lowest density of 140 t/km2. Four manufactured capital clusters, including the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei, and Chengdu–Chongqing agglomerations, possess 38% of the national total stocks in 2018, revealing an unbalanced distributed pattern of manufactured capital across China. Our results provide valuable support for policymakers and business decision‐makers on efficient resource management and urban mining.
Light‐stabilized GIL1 suppresses PIN3 activity to inhibit hypocotyl gravitropism
Authors: Wang Xiaolian , Yuan Yanfang , Charrier Laurence , Deng Zhaoguo , Geisler Markus , Deng Xing Wang , Chen Haodong 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTLight and gravity coordinately regulate the directional growth of plants. Arabidopsis Gravitropic in the Light 1 (GIL1) inhibits the negative gravitropism of hypocotyls in red and far‐red light, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Our study found that GIL1 is a plasma membrane‐localized protein. In endodermal cells of the upper part of hypocotyls, GIL1 controls the negative gravitropism of hypocotyls. GIL1 directly interacts with PIN3 and inhibits the auxin transport activity of PIN3. Mutation of PIN3 suppresses the abnormal gravitropic response of gil1 mutant. The GIL1 protein is unstable in darkness but it is stabilized by red and far‐red light. Together, our data suggest that light‐stabilized GIL1 inhibits the negative gravitropism of hypocotyls by suppressing the activity of the auxin transporter PIN3, thereby enhancing the emergence of young seedlings from the soil.
Philanthropy and environmental law
Authors: LEE MARIA , ABBOT CAROLYN 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this article, we begin to address the relative lack of scholarship on philanthropic engagement with environmental law. It is clear that big philanthropy exercises significant power in and over our discipline, in a variety of ways that extend beyond the granting (and, importantly, withholding) of funds for projects and activities. Power merits scrutiny. Building on a multi‐disciplinary literature, we identify the plausible ways in which philanthropic organizations frame problems and solutions, and build networks. This is not an ‘exposé’ of wealthy philanthropists, nor do we think that an exposé is necessary. Foundations are diverse organizations doing a range of interesting and important work. We do, however, want to understand better this community that is so crucial for the development of environmental law.
Looking beyond marital status: What we can learn from relationship status measures
Authors: Compton D'Lane , Kaufman Gayle 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveWith needed and growing attention to sexual minorities and unmarried individuals, there is a need to consider how best to capture relationships and relationship organization in family studies.BackgroundTraditional measures of marital status are commonly used to examine differences in relationships and socioeconomic outcomes, but they do not adequately capture the diversity of relationship experiences and leave certain types of relationship experiences invisible.MethodThis article examines the inclusion of a relationship measure in the American Marriage Survey, a national probability‐based sample of 2806 adults in the United States, to provide a more diverse and expansive perspective on relationships and relationship organization. While there is a great deal of overlap between those who are married or cohabiting (marital status) and those who are in an exclusive relationship (relationship status), there is also potential for variation in what kinds of relationships, if any, people are in.ResultsWe find that the relationship measure is particularly useful in showing that a majority of gay, lesbian, bisexual, and pansexual individuals are in an exclusive relationship and also that gender and sexual minorities are more likely than cisgender and heterosexual individuals to be in consensual nonmonogamous relationships. This article also provides direction on re‐coding open text responses from the relationship status measure.ConclusionWe conclude that a relationship status measure allows for greater inclusivity and visibility of sexual minorities and unmarried persons, including but not limited to queer individuals, families, and communities, as well as consensual nonmonogamous relationships.
How gendered lived experiences shape sex preference attitudes in contemporary urban China
Authors: Zhou Yun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis article examines how gendered lived experiences—the constellation of women's quotidian, on‐the‐ground encounters and perceptions of gender inequality—shape highly educated women's sex preference attitudes in contemporary urban China.BackgroundRecent theoretical developments highlight women's experiences and views of gender (in)equity as powerful forces that drive their fertility aspirations and behavior. Yet, extant research on sex preference has overwhelmingly focused on features of the patrilineal family institution and overlooked the role of gendered lived experiences.MethodThis study adopts a mixed‐methods approach, combining six waves of the nationally representative China General Social Survey (2010–2018) and 70 in‐depth interviews.ResultsQuantitative analysis found that compared to those with exclusive daughter preference, highly educated urban Chinese women who exclusively desired sons held similarly egalitarian views on gender. Qualitative analysis further demonstrated that invoking lived experiences of gender injustice, these women framed their son preference attitudes as “a mother's duty” of wanting to shield their children from gendered hardship. They viewed raising daughters amidst pervasive gender discriminations as emotionally taxing hard work. Meanwhile, such preference aligned with entrenched familial expectations that demanded male offspring, thereby holding behavioral implications for second‐birth outcomes.ConclusionThis study uncovers previously obscured reasonings—beyond the outright devaluation of girls—that undergird highly educated urban Chinese women's son preference attitudes.ImplicationsBy unpacking how gendered lived experiences underpin the nuanced reasonings behind some highly educated urban Chinese women's son preference attitudes and the behavioral implications, this article joins the theoretical conversation that considers how gender egalitarians may perpetuate gender unequal outcomes.
A geographical exploration of Aotearoa album covers
Authors: Kiddle Gabriel Luke 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMusic and place are linked through many different interrelationships. Album covers play a part in these connections, influencing the experience of the music within by frequently evoking place. In Aotearoa New Zealand a sense of place is significant in music, but academic attention to the role of album covers in this sense of place is overdue. This research note addresses this gap and introduces themes and examples from a survey of Aotearoa album covers. Future attention and lines of enquiry are warranted, aided by the durability and indeed resurgence of vinyl as a musical format.