bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retropubic bulbourethral sling in incontinence post‐exstrophy repair: 2‐year minimal follow up of a salvage procedure
Authors: Wadie Bassem S. , Helmy Tamer E. , Dawaba Mohamed E. , Ghoneim Mohamed A. 
Published: February 2015

AimsPost‐exstrophy incontinence is a challenge because continence is difficult to achieve and more difficult to maintain. Feasibility and outcomes of a bulbourethral sling to treat post‐exstrophy incontinence is shown in this report.MethodsA retropubic bulbourethral sling was applied to male patients with incontinence post‐exstrophy‐epispadius repair. The study included children with total (continuous) incontinence who underwent multiple previous anti‐incontinence procedures, ranging from bladder neck injection to bladder neck reconstruction. Preoperative assessment includes urinalysis, renal US, VCUG, 1‐hr pad test and urodynamics. The bulbourethral sling applied is made of polypropylene and is suspended by 4 pairs of nylon sutures, to support the bulbar urethra within its covering muscles with the sutures tied on the rectus muscles. Continence was evaluated as well as adverse events.ResultsSeventeen children, (median age 8.7 years) completed 24‐month of follow up. All had CPRE. Five children (29.27%) were dry. Four micturated through the urethra and one by catheterizing his cutaneous stoma every 3–4 hr. In none, PVR exceeded 10% of expected capacity. Four children underwent re‐tightening 1–4 weeks after removal of urethral catheter. Perineal wound dehiscence occurred in one, perineal/suprapubic pain in seven and epididymo‐orchitis in one child.ConclusionThe current technique is promising for difficult cases of incontinence after CPRE. It is safe, as no serious adverse events occurred during follow up period. It is economic and re‐tightening is easy to perform. Neurourol. Urodynam. 35:497–502, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Polymorphisms in miRNA processing genes and their role in osteosarcoma risk
Authors: Bilbao‐Aldaiturriaga Nerea , Gutierrez‐Camino Angela , Martin‐Guerrero Idoia , Pombar‐Gomez Maria , Zalacain‐Diez Marta , Patiño‐Garcia Ana , Lopez‐Lopez Elixabet , Garcia‐Orad Africa 
Published: February 2015

BackgroundThe possible associations between genetic variants and osteosarcoma risk have been analyzed without conclusive results. Those studies were focused mainly on genes of biologically plausible pathways. However, recently, another pathway has acquired relevance in cellular transformation and tumorigenesis, the microRNA (miRNA) processing pathway. Dysregulation of the expression levels of genes in this pathway has been described in cancer. Consequently, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes that codify for proteins involved in the miRNA processing pathway may affect miRNAs, and therefore their target genes, which might be associated with cancer development and progression. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether SNPs in miRNA processing genes confer predisposition to osteosarcoma.ProcedureWe analyzed 72 SNPs in 21 miRNA processing genes in a total of 99 osteosarcoma patients and 387 controls.ResultsA total of three SNPs were associated with osteosarcoma susceptibility. Interestingly, these SNPs were located in miRNA processing genes (CNOT1, CNOT4 and SND1) which are part of the RISC complex. Among them, the association of rs11866002 in CNOT1 was nearly significant after Bonferroni correction.ConclusionsThis study suggests that SNPs in RISC complex genes may be involved in osteosarcoma susceptibility, especially rs11866002 in CNOT1. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:766–769. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Management of iron deficiency anemia: A survey of pediatric hematology/oncology specialists
Authors: Powers Jacquelyn M. , McCavit Timothy L. , Buchanan George R. 
Published: February 2015

BackgroundIron deficiency anemia (IDA) is the most common hematologic condition in children and adolescents in the United States (US). No prior reports have described the management of IDA by a large cohort of pediatric hematology/oncology specialists.ProcedureA 20‐question electronic survey that solicited responses to two hypothetical cases of IDA was sent to active members of the American Society of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology (ASPHO) in the US.ResultsOf 1,217 recipients, 398 (32.7%) reported regularly treating IDA and completed the survey. In a toddler with nutritional IDA, 15% (N = 61) of respondents reported ordering no diagnostic test beyond a complete blood count. Otherwise, wide variability in laboratory testing was reported. For treatment, most respondents would prescribe ferrous sulfate (N = 335, 84%) dosed at 6 mg/kg/day (N = 248, 62%) divided twice daily (N = 272, 68%). The recommended duration of iron treatment after resolution of anemia and normalized serum ferritin varied widely from 0 to 3 months. For an adolescent with heavy menstrual bleeding and IDA, most respondents recommended ferrous sulfate (N = 327, 83%), with dosing based on the number of tablets daily. For IDA refractory to oral treatment, intravenous iron therapy was recommended most frequently, 48% (N = 188) using iron sucrose, 17% (N = 68) ferric gluconate, and 15% (N = 60) low molecular weight iron dextran.ConclusionThe approach to diagnosis and treatment of IDA in childhood was widely variable among responding ASPHO members. Given the lack of an evidence base to guide clinical decision making, further research investigating IDA management is needed. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:842–846. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Oxidant/antioxidant status in children and adolescents with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) and the role of an adjuvant antioxidant therapy
Authors: Elalfy Mohssen S. , Elhenawy Yasmine I. , Deifalla Shaymaa , Hegazy Marwa , Sabra Amira , Abdelaziz Yasmine 
Published: February 2015

BackgroundFree oxygen radicals might have an adverse effect on platelets which might be reflected either on its count and/or degree of bleeding severity.AimTo assess oxidant‐antioxidant systems and evaluate effect of antioxidant therapy on platelet count (PC) and bleeding score (BS) in children and adolescents with ITP.MethodsSix months prospective randomized single blind study registered as (NCT 01763658) including 39 patients with newly diagnosed (ND) ITP; group 1 (G1) and 39 patients with chronic ITP (G2), each group was randomly allocated (2:1) to one of two subgroups respectively; (G1A and G2A) interventional arm received daily antioxidant therapy, while G1B and G2B; received a placebo. Both groups were compared with healthy controls (n = 39). The primary efficacy endpoints were the difference in the change from baseline to 6 month in ITP specific bleeding assessment tool (ITP‐BAT), PC, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH) and serum malondialdehyde (MDA).ResultsBaseline TAC was significantly lower in patients with (ND) ITP compared to patients with chronic ITP (P < 0.05), both showed significantly lower levels than healthy controls (P < 0.001). At end of study both BS and PC significantly improved in patients receiving antioxidant compared to placebo (P < 0.05). Patients with chronic ITP receiving antioxidant showed better improvement.ConclusionReduced antioxidant mechanisms were reported in patients with ITP. Antioxidant therapy ameliorated the oxidative stress in both ND and chronic ITP groups which might explain the improvement in both BS and PC. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:830–837. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Regulation of the ITGA2 gene by epigenetic mechanisms in prostate cancer
Authors: Chin Suyin Paulynn , Marthick James R. , West Alison C. , Short Annabel K. , Chuckowree Jyoti , Polanowski Andrea M. , Thomson Russell J. , Holloway Adele F. , Dickinson Joanne L. 
Published: February 2015

BACKGROUNDIntegrin alpha2 beta1 (α2β1) plays an integral role in tumour cell invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis, and altered expression of the receptor has been linked to tumour prognosis in several solid tumours. However, the relationship is complex, with both increased and decreased expression associated with different stages of tumour metastases in several tumour types. The ITGA2 gene, which codes for the α2 subunit, was examined to investigate whether a large CpG island associated with its promoter region is involved in the differential expression of ITGA2 observed in prostate cancer.METHODSBisulphite sequencing of the ITGA2 promoter was used to assess methylation in formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) prostate tumour specimens and prostate cancer cell lines, PC3, 22Rv1 and LNCaP. Changes in ITGA2 mRNA expression were measured using quantitative PCR. ITGA2 functionality was interrogated using cell migration scratch assays and siRNA knockdown experiments.RESULTSBisulphite sequencing revealed strikingly decreased methylation at key CpG sites within the promoter of tumour samples, when compared with normal prostate tissue. Altered methylation of this CpG island is also associated with differences in expression in the non‐invasive LNCaP, and the highly metastatic PC3 and 22Rv1 prostate cancer cell lines. Further bisulphite sequencing confirmed that selected CpGs were highly methylated in LNCaP cells, whilst only low levels of methylation were observed in PC3 and 22Rv1 cells, correlating with ITGA2 transcript levels. Examination of the increased expression of ITGA2 was shown to influence migratory potential via scratch assay in PC3, 22Rv1 and LNCaP cells, and was confirmed by siRNA knockdown experiments.CONCLUSIONSTaken together, our data supports the assertion that epigenetic modification of the ITGA2 promoter is a mechanism by which ITGA2 expression is regulated. Prostate 75:723–734, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Differential gene expression profiling of functionally and developmentally distinct human prostate epithelial populations
Authors: Liu Haibo , Cadaneanu Radu M. , Lai Kevin , Zhang Baohui , Huo Lihong , An Dong Sun , Li Xinmin , Lewis Michael S. , Garraway Isla P. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDHuman fetal prostate buds appear in the 10th gestational week as solid cords, which branch and form lumens in response to androgen 1. Previous in vivo analysis of prostate epithelia isolated from benign prostatectomy specimens indicated that Epcam+CD44−CD49fHi basal cells possess efficient tubule initiation capability relative to other subpopulations 2. Stromal interactions and branching morphogenesis displayed by adult tubule‐initiating cells (TIC) are reminiscent of fetal prostate development. In the current study, we evaluated in vivo tubule initiation by human fetal prostate cells and determined expression profiles of fetal and adult epithelial subpopulations in an effort to identify pathways used by TIC.METHODSImmunostaining and FACS analysis based on Epcam, CD44, and CD49f expression demonstrated the majority (99.9%) of fetal prostate epithelial cells (FC) were Epcam+CD44− with variable levels of CD49f expression. Fetal populations isolated via cell sorting were implanted into immunocompromised mice. Total RNA isolation from Epcam+CD44−CD49fHi FC, adult Epcam+CD44−CD49fHi TIC, Epcam+CD44+CD49fHi basal cells (BC), and Epcam+CD44−CD49fLo luminal cells (LC) was performed, followed by microarray analysis of 19 samples using the Affymetrix Gene Chip Human U133 Plus 2.0 Array. Data was analyzed using Partek Genomics Suite Version 6.4. Genes selected showed >2‐fold difference in expression and P < 5.00E‐2. Results were validated with RT‐PCR.RESULTSGrafts retrieved from Epcam+CD44− fetal cell implants displayed tubule formation with differentiation into basal and luminal compartments, while only stromal outgrowths were recovered from Epcam‐ fetal cell implants. Hierarchical clustering revealed four distinct groups determined by antigenic profile (TIC, BC, LC) and developmental stage (FC). TIC and BC displayed basal gene expression profiles, while LC expressed secretory genes. FC had a unique profile with the most similarities to adult TIC. Functional, network, and canonical pathway identification using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis Version 7.6 compiled genes with the highest differential expression (TIC relative to BC or LC). Many of these genes were found to be significantly associated with prostate tumorigenesis.CONCLUSIONSOur results demonstrate clustering gene expression profiles of FC and adult TIC. Pathways associated with TIC are known to be deregulated in cancer, suggesting a cell‐of‐origin role for TIC versus re‐emergence of pathways common to these cells in tumorigenesis. Prostate 75: 764–776, 2015. © The Authors. The Prostate, published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A realistic graph‐based alert correlation system
Authors: Fredj Ouissem Ben 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThis paper introduces a graph‐based attack description that comes with different analysis methods for alert correlation. The system encompasses an attack scenario detection method, an alert correlation method that recognizes multistep attacks, and graph‐based classification method to extract different types of alerts. The performance analysis shows that the system can correlate a huge number of alerts (more than 442 000 alerts) into a dozens of attack graphs. The attack graph has permitted us to extract several attack properties with high precision. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel low‐complexity scheme for improving security of NLFG‐based symmetric key cryptosystem using secure concatenated RS–QCLDPC code
Authors: Stuart Celine Mary , Pattathil Deepthi P. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe major requirements of a secure high‐speed communication system are low delay, good error performance, low redundancy, and good security. A simple nonlinear filter generator (NLFG)‐based cryptosystem is proposed in this paper to provide low delay with high security. Enhanced security is attained by embedding security in the channel encoder. An efficient concatenation of Reed–Solomon code and a secure quasi‐cyclic low density parity check code is used as channel encoder in the proposed cryptosystem to provide good error performance with low redundancy and to enhance security of NLFG with low structural complexity. The proposed efficient design of key‐based dense scrambling matrix and permutation matrix greatly simplifies the hardware structure. The novel method for generation of intentional error vector with modification of NLFG helps to reduce both the delay and power consumption. The integrated system is designed in such a way that both NLFG‐based stream cipher and secure channel coder complement each other to overcome the cryptographic weakness with a low hardware cost. The analytical and simulation results show that the proposed system attains significant security advantage against typical attacks and offers very good error performance. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient management for the Hokkaido population of sika deer Cervus nippon in Japan: accounting for migration and management cost
Authors: Ijima Hirotaka , Fujimaki Aomi , Ohta Umika , Yamamura Kohji , Yokomizo Hiroyuki , Uno Hiroyuki , Matsuda Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe evaluated the fourth stage of the “Conservation and Management Plan for Sika Deer (Cervus nippon) in Hokkaido, Japan (CMPS4)”, focusing on its cost‐effectiveness and sika deer migration between two management areas of eastern and western Hokkaido. To clarify these factors, we constructed a stochastic matrix population model that accounts for deer migration and several uncertainties. We assumed four different budget scenarios and simple rules regarding nuisance control, and simulated four alternative management strategies. In the stochastic simulation, we calculated the probability of successfully satisfying the population target given by the CMPS4, an average total actual management cost, and a cost‐effectiveness index given four budget conditions of migration rate and budget allocation ratio. The simulation results suggest the following. First, the current management budget is so small that the probability of successfully satisfying the population targets in both areas is only 26–30 %. If the total budget remains small, it should be almost entirely invested in one area, regardless of migration situation, to maximize the probability of successfully meeting the target density in at least that area. However, these probabilities of success decrease with greater migration rate. Second, when the government invests more of its budget in the early management stage, the expected total actual cost decreases and the probability of management success increases. These findings represent cost‐effective management strategies for satisfying the CMPS4 targets.
Demography and mobility of three common understory butterfly species from tropical rain forest of Papua New Guinea
Authors: Vlasanek Petr , Novotny Vojtech 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe mobility of butterflies determines their ability to find host plant species, and thus their potential host plant range, as well as their ability to maintain meta‐populations in fragmented habitats. While butterfly movement has been extensively studied for temperate species, very little is known for tropical forest species. A mark‐release‐recapture study of the three most common butterfly species in the understory of a lowland primary rainforest in Papua New Guinea included 3,705, 394 and 317 marked individuals of Danis danis, Taenaris sp. and Parthenos aspila respectively, with 1,031, 78 and 40 butterfly individuals recaptured at least once. Over a period of 6 weeks there were almost 22,000 individuals belonging to these three species hatching within or entering our four study plots totaling 14.58 ha in area. The most abundant species, D. danis, with 20,000 individuals, showed highly variable population densities during the study. The residency time in the studied plots was highest for P. aspila (84 days), as individual butterflies stayed mostly in a single gap; we estimated that less than 1 % of individuals disperse 1 km or more. Similar movement probability was found in D. danis whilst in Taenaris sp., 10 % of the population disperses ≥1 km. Movement distances of D. danis were more than sufficient to locate its host plant, Derris elliptica, which occurred in 61 % of the 20 × 20 m subplots within a 50 ha plot. Compared with temperate species, our three species have much longer life spans, but their movement patterns remain within the known mobility estimates of temperate species. The mobility of D. danis is close to the average for temperate Lycaenidae, while Taenaris sp. is more mobile and P. aspila less mobile than the mean for all temperate species.
Muconic acid production from glucose using enterobactin precursors in Escherichia coli
Authors: Wang Jie , Zheng Pu 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Muconic acid (MA) is a promising bulk chemical due to its extensive industrial applications in the production of adipic acid and other valuable, biodegradable intermediates. MA is heretofore mainly produced from petrochemicals by organic reactions which are not environmentally friendly or renewable. Biological production processes provide a promising alternative for MA production. We designed an artificial pathway in Escherichia coli for the biosynthesis of MA using the catechol group of 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate, an intermediate in the enterobactin biosynthesis pathway. This approach consists of two heterologous microbial enzymes, including 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate decarboxylase and catechol 1,2-dioxygenase. The metabolic flow of carbon into the heterologous pathway was optimized by increasing the flux from chorismate through the enterobactin biosynthesis pathway and by regulating the shikimate pathway. Metabolic optimization enabled a concentration of 605.18 mg/L of MA from glucose in a shaking flask culture, a value nearly 484-fold higher than that of the initial recombinant strain. The results indicated that the production of MA from this pathway has the potential for further improvement.
Response Styles to Positive Affect and Depression: Concurrent and Prospective Associations in a Community Sample
Authors: Nelis Sabine , Holmes Emily A. , Raes Filip 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
We examined the concurrent and prospective relations between response styles to positive affect and depression in a community sample. Participants (n = 345) completed self-report measures of current and past depressive episodes, depressive symptoms, anhedonia, and responses to positive affect (including dampening and positive rumination) at two time points, with a 5-month interval. Higher levels of dampening responses to positive affect were related to higher concurrent levels of depressive symptoms. The tendency to positively ruminate on positive affect was negatively related to concurrent anhedonic symptoms. When controlling for current depressive symptomatology, formerly depressed individuals had a higher tendency to dampen positive affect than never-depressed controls, and did not differ from a currently depressed group. Dampening responses did not predict depressive symptoms prospectively, but lower levels of (self-focused) positive rumination did predict higher levels of future anhedonic symptoms. Results indicate that not only currently but also formerly depressed individuals engage in dysfunctional (dampening) strategies in response to positive affect. It is possible that currently as well as formerly depressed individuals might benefit from interventions that are directed at the remediation of disturbed regulation of positive affect. However, our prospective results make clear that more research is needed to examine the precise conditions under which dampening would be a detrimental (and positive rumination a beneficial) response style in the course of depression.
The Phosphoinositide 3‐Kinase Signaling Pathway is Involved in the Control of Modified Low‐Density Lipoprotein Uptake by Human Macrophages
Authors: Michael Daryn R. , Davies Thomas S. , Laubertová Lucia , Gallagher Hayley , Ramji Dipak P. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe transformation of macrophages into lipid‐loaded foam cells is a critical early event in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Both receptor‐mediated uptake of modified LDL, mediated primarily by scavenger receptors‐A (SR‐A) and CD36 along with other proteins such as lipoprotein lipase (LPL), and macropinocytosis contribute to macrophage foam cell formation. The signaling pathways that are involved in the control of foam cell formation are not fully understood. In this study, we have investigated the role of phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K) in relation to foam cell formation in human macrophages. The pan PI3K inhibitor LY294002 attenuated the uptake of modified LDL and macropinocytosis, as measured by Lucifer Yellow uptake, by human macrophages. In addition, the expression of SR‐A, CD36 and LPL was attenuated by LY294002. The use of isoform‐selective PI3K inhibitors showed that PI3K‐β, ‐γ and ‐δ were all required for the expression of SR‐A and CD36 whereas only PI3K‐γ was necessary in the case of LPL. These studies reveal a pivotal role of PI3K in the control of macrophage foam cell formation and provide further evidence for their potential as therapeutic target against atherosclerosis.