bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emergency Management of Gallbladder Disease: Are Acute Surgical Units the New Gold Standard?
Authors: Shakerian Rose , Skandarajah Anita , Gorelik Alexandra , Thomson Benjamin 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIntroductionSince 2011, all acute general surgical admissions have been managed by the consultant‐led emergency general surgery service (EGS) at our institution. We aim to compare EGS management of acute biliary disease to its preceding model.Materials and methodsRetrospective review of prospectively collated databases was performed to capture consecutive emergency admissions with biliary disease from 1st February 2009 to 31st January 2013. Patient demographics, surgical intervention, use of diagnostic radiology, histological diagnosis, complications and hospital length of stay (LOS) were retrieved.ResultsA total of 566 patients were included (pre‐EGS 254 vs. EGS 312). In the EGS period, the number of patients having surgery on index admission increased from 43.7 to 58.7 % (p < 0.001) as did use of intra‐operative cholangiography from 75.7 to 89.6 % (p = 0.003). The conversion to open cholecystectomy rate also was reduced from 14.4 to 3.3 % (p < 0.001). Overall, a 14 % reduction in use of multiple (>1) imaging modalities for diagnosis was noted (p = 0.003). There was a positive trend in reduction of bile leaks but no significant difference in the overall morbidity and mortality. Time to theatre was reduced by 1 day [pre‐EGS 2.7 (IQR 1.5–5.0) vs. EGS 1.7 (IQR 1.2–2.6) p < 0.001]. The overall hospital LOS was reduced by 1.5 days [pre‐EGS 5.0 (IQR 3–7) vs. EGS 3.5 (IQR 2–5) p < 0.001].ConclusionSince the advent of EGS, more judicious use of diagnostic radiology, reduced complications, reduced LOS, reduced time to theatre and an increased rate of definitive management during the index admission were demonstrated.
Surgical and Radiological Studies on the Length of the Hepatic Ducts
Authors: Hirose Tomoaki , Igami Tsuyoshi , Ebata Tomoki , Yokoyama Yukihiro , Sugawara Gen , Mizuno Takashi , Mori Kensaku , Ando Masahiko , Nagino Masato 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundRight‐sided hepatectomy is often selected for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma, due to the anatomic consideration that “the left hepatic duct is longer than that of the right hepatic duct”. However, only one study briefly mentioned the length of the hepatic ducts. Our aim is to investigate whether the consideration is correct.MethodsIn surgical study, the lengths of the resected bile duct were measured using pictures of the resected specimens in 475 hepatectomized patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. In radiological study, the estimated lengths of the bile duct to be resected were measured using cholangiograms reconstructed from computed tomography images in 61 patients with distal bile duct obstruction.ResultsIn surgical study, the length of the resected left hepatic duct was 25.1 ± 6.4 mm in right trisectionectomy (n = 37) and 14.9 ± 5.7 mm in right hepatectomy (n = 167). The length of the right hepatic duct was 14.1 ± 5.7 mm in left hepatectomy (n = 149) and 21.3 ± 6.4 mm in left trisectionectomy (n = 122). In radiological study, the lengths of the bile duct corresponding to the surgical study were 34.1 ± 7.8, 22.4 ± 7.1, 20.8 ± 4.8, and 31.6 ± 5.3 mm, respectively. Both studies determined that the lengths of the resected bile ducts were (1) similar between right and left hepatectomies, (2) significantly shorter in right hepatectomy than in left trisectionectomy, and (3) the longest in right trisectionectomy.ConclusionsThe aforementioned anatomical assumption is a surgeon’s biased view. Based on our observations, a flexible procedure selection is recommended.
Prognostic Significance of Muscle Attenuation in Pancreatic Cancer Patients Treated with Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Akahori Takahiro , Sho Masayuki , Kinoshita Shoichi , Nagai Minako , Nishiwada Satoshi , Tanaka Toshihiro , Tamamoto Tetsuro , Ohbayashi Chiho , Hasegawa Masatoshi , Kichikawa Kimihiko , Nakajima Yoshiyuki 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundEmerging evidences have gradually revealed the skeletal muscle attenuation (MA) was not only reflected the accumulation of lipids in skeletal muscle but also associated with physiological and pathological states. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of MA on the prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NACRT).MethodsEighty‐three patients with pancreatic cancer who received NACRT were enrolled. Patients were divided according to their Hounsfield units of the skeletal muscle at the third lumbar vertebra in CT. The lower quartile was defined as MA group and the remainder as control group.ResultsThere was no significant difference in overall survival between pre‐NACRT MA and control groups. In contrast, patients with post‐NACRT MA had a significantly poorer prognosis than patients without. The patients in the post‐NACRT MA group were significantly older than patients in the control group. There were no significant differences in most clinicopathological and perioperative factors between both groups. However, patients with post‐NACRT MA had a longer hospital stay than patients without. Furthermore, the incompletion rate of the proposed adjuvant chemotherapy was significantly higher in the MA group than control. Importantly, multivariate analysis indicated that post‐NACRT MA was an independent prognostic factor.ConclusionsMuscle attenuation may have a significant impact in pancreatic cancer patients treated with multimodal therapy. Therefore, our data may provide new insights into perioperative patient care to improve the prognosis of resectable pancreatic cancer.
Accelerated Fat Bloom in Chocolate Model Systems: Solid Fat Content and Temperature Fluctuation Frequency
Authors: Jin Jiayang , Hartel Richard W. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractChocolate model systems were designed with high‐melting fat (cocoa butter stearin, CB‐S) mixed with low‐melting fats (sunflower oil, canola oil, cottonseed oil, peanut oil) to give 45, 55, and 65 % solid fat content (SFC). Defatted cocoa powder provided a 50 % particulate level in the model chocolates. The effects of SFC, low‐melting fat type and storage temperature fluctuation frequency on bloom whiteness were investigated. Both SFC and storage condition had significant influences on bloom whiteness (p < 0.0001), although the type of low‐melting fat did not (p = 0.1223). Increasing the SFC significantly reduced bloom formation, as did more rapid temperature fluctuations.
Dynamics of harmonically excited, reacting bluff body wakes near the global hydrodynamic stability boundary
Authors: Emerson Benjamin , Lieuwen Tim 
Published: August 2015

This paper describes linear and nonlinear interactions between forced axial acoustic oscillations and the global mode of the reacting wake. This work is motivated by the problem of combustion instabilities, where acoustic oscillations associated with natural combustor modes excite hydrodynamic instabilities of the flow that, in turn, induce heat release oscillations. Wake flows with density stratification can be globally stable or unstable at high Reynolds numbers, and so the density change across the flame has significant influence on the natural flame and flow dynamics. Measurements were obtained in a facility in which flame density ratio, lip velocity and forcing frequency are independently varied using 5 kHz particle image velocimetry and Mie scattering measurements. By varying the density ratio, the hydrodynamic global mode growth rate can be systematically varied. In addition, measurements and analyses were performed where the forcing frequency is varied relative to the global mode frequency. While axial forcing excites a varicose response of the shear layers, the sinuous mode is the most rapidly growing. As expected, forcing at a frequency near the wake’s global mode frequency leads to rapid growth in vortical disturbance amplitude, and the symmetric vortices quickly stagger as they convect downstream leading to a large scale, sinuous flapping of the wake and flame. A linear, local stability analysis, together with a nonlinear analysis, help elucidate the physics that govern the vortex staggering. The study concludes with an analysis of the heat release dynamics. Significantly, the study shows that the heat release exhibits quite different sensitivities than the fluid dynamics; e.g. axial forcing of the flow near its global mode frequency leads to a reduction in heat release oscillations. This is true even though this forcing frequency maximizes the local degree of vortically induced flame flapping. Thus, the results of this study show some phenomena that contradict conventional notions, namely that conditions which align the frequency of a hydrodynamic global mode with that of an acoustic mode may lead to diminished forced heat release oscillations in bluff body combustors.
Phase diagram for droplet impact on superheated surfaces
Authors: Staat Hendrik J. J. , Tran Tuan , Geerdink Bart , Riboux Guillaume , Sun Chao , Gordillo José Manuel , Lohse Detlef 
Published: August 2015

We experimentally determine the phase diagram for impacting ethanol droplets on a smooth, sapphire surface in the parameter space of Weber number $\mathit{We}$ versus surface temperature $T$. We observe two transitions, namely the one towards splashing (disintegration of the droplet) with increasing $\mathit{We}$, and the one towards the Leidenfrost state (no contact between the droplet and the plate due to a lasting vapour film) with increasing $T$. Consequently, there are four regimes: contact and no splashing (deposition regime), contact and splashing (contact–splash regime), neither contact nor splashing (bounce regime), and finally no contact, but splashing (film–splash regime). While the transition temperature $T_{L}$ to the Leidenfrost state depends weakly, at most, on $\mathit{We}$ in the parameter regime of the present study, the transition Weber number $\mathit{We}_{C}$ towards splashing shows a strong dependence on $T$ and a discontinuity at $T_{L}$. We quantitatively explain the splashing transition for $T<T_{L}$ by incorporating the temperature dependence of the physical properties in the theory by Riboux & Gordillo (Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 113(2), 2014, 024507; J. Fluid Mech., vol. 772, 2015, pp. 630–648).
Egg intake and cancers of the breast, ovary and prostate: a dose–response meta-analysis of prospective observational studies
Authors: Keum N. , Lee D. H. , Marchand N. , Oh H. , Liu H. , Aune D. , Greenwood D. C. , Giovannucci E. L. 
Published: August 2015

Evidence suggests that egg intake may be implicated in the aetiology of sex hormone-related cancers. However, dose–response relationships between egg intake and such cancers are unclear. Thus, we conducted a dose–response meta-analysis to summarise the dose–response relationships between egg consumption and the risk of breast, prostate and gynaecological cancers. A literature search was performed using PubMed and Embase up to April 2015 to identify relevant prospective observational studies. Summary relative risk (RR) and 95 % CI were estimated using a random-effects model. For breast cancer, the linear dose–response meta-analysis found a non-significantly increased risk (RR for an increase of 5 eggs consumed/week: 1·05, 95 % CI 0·99, 1·11, n 16 023 cases). Evidence for non-linearity was not statistically significant (Pnon-linearity= 0·50, n 15 415 cases) but consuming ≥ 5 eggs/week was significantly associated with an increased risk of breast cancer compared with no egg consumption, with the summary RR being 1·04 (95 % CI 1·01, 1·07) for consuming 5 eggs/week and 1·09 (95 % CI 1·03, 1·15) for consuming about 9 eggs/week. For other cancers investigated, the summary RR for an increase of 5 eggs consumed/week was 1·09 (95 % CI 0·96, 1·24, n 2636 cases) for ovarian cancer; 1·47 (95 % CI 1·01, 2·14, n 609 cases) for fatal prostate cancer, with evidence of small-study effects (PEgger= 0·04). No evidence was found for an association with the risk of total prostate cancer. While our conclusion was tempered by the potential for publication bias and confounding, high egg intake may be associated with a modestly elevated risk of breast cancer, and a positive association between egg intake and ovarian and fatal prostate cancers cannot be ruled out.
HEALTH PROFESSIONALS’ USER EXPERIENCE OF THE INTELLIGENT BED IN PATIENTS’ HOMES
Authors: Cai Hao , Toft Egon , Hejlesen Ole , Hansen John , Oestergaard Claus , Dinesen Birthe 
Published: August 2015

Background: The intelligent bed is a medical bed with several home healthcare functions. It includes, among others, an “out of bed” detector, a moisture detector, and a catheter bag detector. The design purpose of the intelligent bed is to assist patients in their daily living, facilitate the work of clinical staff, and improves the quality of care. The aim of this sub-study of the iCare project was to explore how health professionals (HPs) experience and use the intelligent bed in patients’ homes.Methods: The overall research design is inspired by case study methodology. A triangulation of data collection techniques has been used: log book, documentation study, participant observations (n = 45 hr), and qualitative interviews (n = 23). The data have been analyzed by means of Nvivo 9.0.Findings: We identified several themes: HP transformation from passive technology recipient to innovator; individualized care; work flow redesign; and sensor technology intruding on patient privacy.Conclusions: It is suggested that functions of the intelligent bed can result in more individualized care, workflow redesign, and time savings for the health professionals in caring for elderly patients. However, the technology intruded on patients’ privacy.
Contribution of neutral processes to the assembly of gut microbial communities in the zebrafish over host development
Authors: Burns Adam R , Stephens W Zac , Stagaman Keaton , Wong Sandi , Rawls John F , Guillemin Karen , Bohannan Brendan J M 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Despite their importance to host health and development, the communities of microorganisms associated with humans and other animals are characterized by a large degree of unexplained variation across individual hosts. The processes that drive such inter-individual variation are not well understood. To address this, we surveyed the microbial communities associated with the intestine of the zebrafish, Danio rerio, over developmental time. We compared our observations of community composition and distribution across hosts with that predicted by a neutral assembly model, which assumes that community assembly is driven solely by chance and dispersal. We found that as hosts develop from larvae to adults, the fit of the model to observed microbial distributions decreases, suggesting that the relative importance of non-neutral processes, such as microbe-microbe interactions, active dispersal, or selection by the host, increases as hosts mature. We also observed that taxa which depart in their distributions from the neutral prediction form ecologically distinct sub-groups, which are phylogenetically clustered with respect to the full metacommunity. These results demonstrate that neutral processes are sufficient to generate substantial variation in microbiota composition across individual hosts, and suggest that potentially unique or important taxa may be identified by their divergence from neutral distributions.
Rare variant discovery by deep whole-genome sequencing of 1,070 Japanese individuals
Authors: Nagasaki Masao , Yasuda Jun , Katsuoka Fumiki , Nariai Naoki , Kojima Kaname , Kawai Yosuke , Yamaguchi-Kabata Yumi , Yokozawa Junji , Danjoh Inaho , Saito Sakae , Sato Yukuto , Mimori Takahiro , Tsuda Kaoru , Saito Rumiko , Pan Xiaoqing , Nishikawa Satoshi , Ito Shin , Kuroki Yoko , Tanabe Osamu , Fuse Nobuo , Kuriyama Shinichi , Kiyomoto Hideyasu , Hozawa Atsushi , Minegishi Naoko , Douglas Engel James , Kinoshita Kengo , Kure Shigeo , Yaegashi Nobuo ,   ToMMo Japanese Reference Panel Project, Tsuboi Akito , Nagami Fuji , Kawame Hiroshi , Tomita Hiroaki , Tsuji Ichiro , Nakaya Jun , Sugawara Junichi , Suzuki Kichiya , Kikuya Masahiro , Abe Michiaki , Nakaya Naoki , Osumi Noriko , Yamashita Riu , Ogishima Soichi , Takai Takako , Tominaga Teiji , Taki Yasuyuki , Suzuki Yoichi , Yamamoto Masayuki 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization reports the whole-genome sequences of 1,070 healthy Japanese individuals and construction of a Japanese population reference panel (1KJPN). Here we identify through this high-coverage sequencing (32.4 × on average), 21.2 million, including 12 million novel, single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) at an estimated false discovery rate of <1.0%. This detailed analysis detected signatures for purifying selection on regulatory elements as well as coding regions. We also catalogue structural variants, including 3.4 million insertions and deletions, and 25,923 genic copy-number variants. The 1KJPN was effective for imputing genotypes of the Japanese population genome wide. These data demonstrate the value of high-coverage sequencing for constructing population-specific variant panels, which covers 99.0% SNVs of minor allele frequency ≥0.1%, and its value for identifying causal rare variants of complex human disease phenotypes in genetic association studies.
Limiting replication stress during somatic cell reprogramming reduces genomic instability in induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Ruiz Sergio , Lopez-Contreras Andres J. , Gabut Mathieu , Marion Rosa M. , Gutierrez-Martinez Paula , Bua Sabela , Ramirez Oscar , Olalde Iñigo , Rodrigo-Perez Sara , Li Han , Marques-Bonet Tomas , Serrano Manuel , Blasco Maria A. , Batada Nizar N. , Fernandez-Capetillo Oscar 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) from adult somatic cells is one of the most remarkable discoveries in recent decades. However, several works have reported evidence of genomic instability in iPSC, raising concerns on their biomedical use. The reasons behind the genomic instability observed in iPSC remain mostly unknown. Here we show that, similar to the phenomenon of oncogene-induced replication stress, the expression of reprogramming factors induces replication stress. Increasing the levels of the checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) reduces reprogramming-induced replication stress and increases the efficiency of iPSC generation. Similarly, nucleoside supplementation during reprogramming reduces the load of DNA damage and genomic rearrangements on iPSC. Our data reveal that lowering replication stress during reprogramming, genetically or chemically, provides a simple strategy to reduce genomic instability on mouse and human iPSC.
Ubiquitination switches EphA2 vesicular traffic from a continuous safeguard to a finite signalling mode
Authors: Sabet Ola , Stockert Rabea , Xouri Georgia , Brüggemann Yannick , Stanoev Angel , Bastiaens Philippe I. H. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAutocatalytic phosphorylation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) enables diverse, context-dependent responses to extracellular signals but comes at the price of autonomous, ligand-independent activation. Using a conformational biosensor that reports on the kinase activity of the cell guidance ephrin receptor type-A (EphA2) in living cells, we observe that autonomous EphA2 activation is suppressed by vesicular recycling and dephosphorylation by protein tyrosine phosphatases 1B (PTP1B) near the pericentriolar recycling endosome. This spatial segregation of catalytically superior PTPs from RTKs at the plasma membrane is essential to preserve ligand responsiveness. Ligand-induced clustering, on the other hand, promotes phosphorylation of a c-Cbl docking site and ubiquitination of the receptor, thereby redirecting it to the late endosome/lysosome. We show that this switch from cyclic to unidirectional receptor trafficking converts a continuous suppressive safeguard mechanism into a transient ligand-responsive signalling mode.
Automated adaptive inference of phenomenological dynamical models
Authors: Daniels Bryan C. , Nemenman Ilya 
Published: August 2015

AbstractDynamics of complex systems is often driven by large and intricate networks of microscopic interactions, whose sheer size obfuscates understanding. With limited experimental data, many parameters of such dynamics are unknown, and thus detailed, mechanistic models risk overfitting and making faulty predictions. At the other extreme, simple ad hoc models often miss defining features of the underlying systems. Here we develop an approach that instead constructs phenomenological, coarse-grained models of network dynamics that automatically adapt their complexity to the available data. Such adaptive models produce accurate predictions even when microscopic details are unknown. The approach is computationally tractable, even for a relatively large number of dynamical variables. Using simulated data, it correctly infers the phase space structure for planetary motion, avoids overfitting in a biological signalling system and produces accurate predictions for yeast glycolysis with tens of data points and over half of the interacting species unobserved.
Targeting BTK for the treatment of FLT3-ITD mutated acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Pillinger Genevra , Abdul-Aziz Amina , Zaitseva Lyubov , Lawes Matthew , MacEwan David J. , Bowles Kristian M. , Rushworth Stuart A. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractApproximately 20% of patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) have a mutation in FMS-like-tyrosine-kinase-3 (FLT3). FLT3 is a trans-membrane receptor with a tyrosine kinase domain which, when activated, initiates a cascade of phosphorylated proteins including the SRC family of kinases. Recently our group and others have shown that pharmacologic inhibition and genetic knockdown of Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) blocks AML blast proliferation, leukaemic cell adhesion to bone marrow stromal cells as well as migration of AML blasts. The anti-proliferative effects of BTK inhibition in human AML are mediated via inhibition of downstream NF-κB pro-survival signalling however the upstream drivers of BTK activation in human AML have yet to be fully characterised. Here we place the FLT3-ITD upstream of BTK in AML and show that the BTK inhibitor ibrutinib inhibits the survival and proliferation of FLT3-ITD primary AML blasts and AML cell lines. Furthermore ibrutinib inhibits the activation of downstream kinases including MAPK, AKT and STAT5. In addition we show that BTK RNAi inhibits proliferation of FLT3-ITD AML cells. Finally we report that ibrutinib reverses the cyto-protective role of BMSC on FLT3-ITD AML survival. These results argue for the evaluation of ibrutinib in patients with FLT3-ITD mutated AML.