bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intra‐ and Intermolecular Dispersion Interactions in [n]Cycloparaphenylenes: Do They Influence Their Structural and Electronic Properties?
Authors: Climent‐Medina José‐Vicente , Pérez‐Jiménez Ángel‐José , Moral Mónica , San‐Fabián Emilio , Sancho‐García Juan‐Carlos 
Published: March 2015

AbstractCycloparaphenylenes (CPPs) are nanosized structures with unique isolated and bulk properties, and are synthetic targets for the template‐driven bottom‐up synthesis of carbon nanotubes. Thus, a systematic understanding of the supramolecular order at the nanoscale is of utmost relevance for molecular engineering. In this study, it is found that intramolecular noncovalent (dispersion) interactions must be taken into account for obtaining accurate estimates of the structural and optoelectronic properties of [n]CPP compounds, and their influence as the number of repeat units increases from n=4 to n=12 is also analyzed, both in the gas phase and in solution. The supramolecular self‐assembly, for which both intra‐ and intermolecular noncovalent interactions are relevant, of [6]CPP is also investigated by calculating the binding energies of dimers taken along several crystal directions. These are also used to estimate the cohesive energy of the crystal, which is compared to the value obtained by means of dispersion‐corrected DFT calculations using periodic boundary conditions. The reasonable agreement between both computational strategies points towards a first estimate of the [6]CPP cohesive energy of around 50 kcal mol−1.
Modulating the Solubilities of Ionic Liquid Components in Aqueous–Ionic Liquid Biphasic Systems: A Q‐NMR Investigation
Authors: Atanassova Maria , Mazan Valérie , Billard Isabelle 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAqueous–ionic liquid (A–IL) biphasic systems have been examined in terms of deuterated water, acid, and IL cation and anion mutual solubilities in the upper (water‐rich, in mole fraction) and lower phase of aqueous/IL biphasic systems at ambient temperature. The biphasic mixtures were composed of deuterated acids of various concentrations (mainly DCl, DNO3, and DClO4 from 10−2 to 10−4 M) and five ionic liquids of the imidazolium family with a hydrophobic anion (CF3SO2)2N−, that is, [C1Cnim][Tf2N], (n=2, 4, 6, 8 and 10). The analytical techniques applied were 1H NMR, 19F NMR, Karl–Fischer titration, pH potentiometry for IL cations and anions, and water and acid determination. The effects of the ionic strength (μ=0.1 M NaCl and NaNO3 as well as μ=0.1 M, 0.2 M and 0.4 M NaClO4, according to the investigated acid), the nature of the IL cation, and the nature of the mineral acid on the solubilities of the (D2O, D+, Tf2N−, C1Cnim+) entities in the lower or upper phases were determined. The addition of sodium perchlorate was found to enhance the Tf2N− solubility while inhibiting the solubility of the ionic liquid cation. Differences in IL cation and anion solubilities of up to 42 mM were evidenced. The consequences for the characterization of the aqueous biphasic system, the solvent extraction process of the metal ions, and the ecological impact of the ILs are discussed.
Dynamic model of direct matrix converter and its experimental validation
Authors: Kordonis A. , Hikihara T. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryPower electronics is a major candidate in the ongoing research of electrical power grids because they can provide better control with more information (voltage ratio, efficiency, power flow direction, etc.) than the all‐passive solutions such as transformers and so forth. Power electronic transformer has the possibility to replace the conventional one by ac/ac matrix converter with high‐frequency compact electronic transformers. In this work, a dynamic model of matrix converter is studied and issues such as efficiency, voltage ratio limitation, and transient behavior are discussed and the equivalent numerical calculations are presented. Moreover, an experimental converter is built to validate the numerical results and also to describe the switching frequency impact on the operation. It is concluded that the control creates voltage ratio saturation and high‐switching frequency results in lower efficiency values. On the other hand, efficiency can be increased by using resonances of the circuit, which can also provide higher operating frequencies. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A 6‐Gbps/lane receiver for a clock‐forwarded link in 65‐nm CMOS process
Authors: Ahn Keun‐Seon , Yoo Changsik 
Published: March 2015

SummaryFor a 6‐Gbps/lane clock‐forwarded link, a wireline receiver has been developed. The phases of the sampling clocks are aligned to the center of the input data eye by a clock and data recovery (CDR) circuit. In the CDR circuit, the sampling clock phases are rotated by a phase rotating phase locked loop (PLL). A three‐tap decision feedback equalizer (DFE) compensates for the loss of cable together with a continuous‐time linear equalizer (CTLE) to ensure sufficient eye opening for the CDR circuit to find the optimum sampling phase. The DFE coefficients are adaptively calculated based on the data and edge samples. Implemented in a 65‐nm CMOS process, the three‐lane 6‐Gbps/lane receiver for a clock‐forwarded link occupies 0.63 mm2 including pads and consumes 288 mA from a 1.2‐V supply. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exploring the accuracy of capturing snapshots in large‐scale P2P IPTV systems
Authors: Wang Haizhou , Chen Xingshu , Wang Wenxian , Chan Mei Ya 
Published: March 2015

SummaryWith the growing maturity of peer‐to‐peer (P2P) technology, Internet protocol television (IPTV) applications based on that gained great success commercially and have attracted more and more attentions from both industry and academia. Currently, the active measurement method based on crawler technology is the most popular and effective one to study P2P IPTV systems. Existing measurement results revealed that accuracy of captured overlay snapshots depends on the crawling speed of crawler system. In order to capture more accurate overlay snapshots of P2P IPTV system, we developed a very fast and efficient distributed crawler system using the distributed architecture and peer degree‐rank mechanism. In this paper, we first introduce the architectures of PPTV channel‐list resource distribution and the whole system, which is the most popular and largest instance of P2P IPTV applications nowadays. Subsequently, this paper evaluates the crawling results of two dedicated crawlers capturing from peer‐list servers and ordinary peers, respectively. Finally, we propose a fast and accurate dedicated crawler system based on distributed architecture and peer degree rank for PPTV. The experiment results show that the performance of our distributed crawler system is much better than other existing crawler systems. Specifically, our distributed crawler can track a very popular channel with about 7200 online users in 30 s. It is also reasonable to believe that our distributed crawler system can capture complete overlay snapshots. To the best of our knowledge, our study work is the first to explore capturing accurate overlay snapshots of large‐scale P2P IPTV applications. Our crawler system can provide a good solution for capturing more accurate overlay snapshots of PPTV system and can also be used to help researchers to design crawler systems for other P2P IPTV systems. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Longitudinal examination of infant baseline and reactivity cortisol from ages 7 to 16 months
Authors: Martinez‐Torteya Cecilia , Muzik Maria , McGinnis Ellen W. , Rosenblum Katherine L. , Bocknek Erika L. , Beeghly Marjorie , DeCator Draycen , Abelson James L. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTThis study characterized the longitudinal evolution of HPA axis functioning from 7 to 16 months of age and identified individual and environmental factors that shape changes in HPA axis functioning over time. Participants were 167 mother–infant dyads drawn from a larger longitudinal study, recruited based on maternal history of being maltreated during childhood. Salivary cortisol levels were assessed before and after age‐appropriate psychosocial stressors when infants were 7 and 16 months old. Maternal observed parenting and maternal reports of infant and environmental characteristics were obtained at 7 months and evaluated as predictors of changes in infant baseline cortisol and reactivity from 7 to 16 months. Results revealed that infants did not show a cortisol response at 7 months, but reactivity to psychosocial stress emerged by 16 months. Individual differences in cortisol baseline and reactivity levels over time were related to infant sex and maternal overcontrolling behaviors, underscoring the malleable and socially informed nature of early HPA axis functioning. Findings can inform prevention and intervention efforts to promote healthy stress regulation during infancy. © 2015Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 57: 356–364, 2015.
An enhanced home cage modulates hypothalamic CRH‐ir Labeling in juvenile rats, with and without sub‐threshold febrile convulsions
Authors: Korgan Austin C. , Vonkeman Janeske , Esser Michael J. , Perrot Tara S. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTPre and postnatal environments can have a profound impact on offspring development. This is especially true when considering the origin of neurological diseases, including epilepsy, a relatively common and chronic neurological condition, affecting 1–2% of the population. Previously, we have used maternal stress and an enhanced home cage (EHC) in an effort to identify potential factors in the early environment that may increase the risk for experiencing seizures. First, pregnant Long‐Evans rats were exposed to a predator stress (PS). Then, at birth, litters were divided into standard cage (SC) and EHC groups until postnatal Day 14 (PD14) when a model of febrile convulsions was used to determine convulsion susceptibility of the various groups. Twenty‐four hours later, pup brains were processed for immunohistochemical detection of corticotrophic releasing hormone (CRH) in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. Analysis of CRH immunoreactive (‐ir) patterns revealed a buffering of CRH‐ir in EHC reared offspring. Further, experiencing convulsions led to decreased CRH‐ir. Our results support the concept that postnatal environmental influences affect neonatal programming and neurodevelopment of processes that could underlie seizure susceptibility, and that these effects can be modulated by EHC conditions. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 57: 374–381, 2015.
Prox1 identifies proliferating neuroblasts and nascent neurons during neurogenesis in sympathetic ganglia
Authors: Holzmann Julia , Hennchen Melanie , Rohrer Hermann 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTNeurogenesis in embryonic sympathetic ganglia involves neuroblasts that resume proliferation following neuronal differentiation. As cell cycle exit is not associated with neuronal differentiation, the identity of proliferating neuroblasts is incompletely understood. Here, we use sympathetic ganglia of chick embryos to define the timing of neurogenesis and neuroblast identity focusing on the expression and function of the transcription factor Prox1. We show that a large fraction of neuroblasts has initially withdrawn from the cell cycle at embryonic day 3 (E3), which is reflected by a high proportion of p27+/Islet1+ neuroblasts (63%) and low numbers of EdU+/Islet1+ cells (12%). The proportion of proliferating Islet1+ neuroblasts, identified by EdU pulse labeling and by the absence of the postmitotic marker p27 increases to reach maximal levels at E5, when virtually all neuroblasts are in the cell cycle (95%). Subsequently, the proportion of EdU‐labeled and p27− neuroblasts is reduced to reach low levels at E11. Interestingly, the expression of the transcription factor Prox1 is restricted to the neuronal lineage, that is, Sox10+/Phox2b+ neuron progenitors, proliferating p27−/Islet1+ neuroblasts and nascent neurons but is rapidly lost in postmitotic neurons. In vitro and in vivo knockdown and overexpression experiments demonstrate effects of Prox1 in the support of neuroblast proliferation and survival. Taken together, these results define the neurogenesis period in the chick paravertebral sympathetic ganglia including an initial cell cycle withdrawal and identify Prox1 as a marker and regulator of proliferating sympathetic neuroblasts. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 75: 1352–1367, 2015
Fabrication of Magnetic Microactuators for Cytology Brush Built into Capsule Endoscope
Authors: YAMASHITA MAKI , HONDA TAKASHI 
Published: March 2015

SUMMARYIn this paper, we propose two kinds of magnetic microactuators for a cytology brush built into a capsule endoscope. One is a moving‐magnet linear actuator, in which the rotational oscillation of a permanent magnet is converted into linear movement through friction. The other is a rotating‐magnet actuator with a flexible push‐pull wire. Both actuators can be driven by an external magnetic field and can rub the brush back and forth. As in operational testing, we successfully pushed and pulled the brush back and forth along the surface of raw meat. We have also added a new angular positioning function to the capsule by using a DC magnetic field perpendicular to the magnetic field for rubbing the brush.
Estimation of Driver's Intention to Stop or Pass Through at Yellow Traffic Signal
Authors: MABUCHI RYUKI , YAMADA KEIICHI 
Published: March 2015

SUMMARYAt signalized intersections, a driver is forced to decide whether to stop or pass through when the signal turns yellow from green. It has been pointed out that this dilemma sometimes leads to accidents at intersections. This paper proposes two methods based on vehicle behavior for predicting whether a driver approaching a signalized intersection decides to stop or pass through the intersection when the signal turns yellow, in order to support the drivers' decision‐making to prevent accidents at and near intersections. The first method predicts whether a driver will decide to stop when the signal turns yellow, based on the idea that whether a driver decides to stop should depend on the situation and the vehicle behavior at the moment the signal turns yellow. The second method estimates whether a driver has decided to stop, in other words, whether the driver has the intention to stop, based on the idea that the driver's intention will appear in the vehicle behavior when the driver has decided to stop at the intersection. This method can detect the driver's oversight or neglect of traffic signals on the way to the intersection. The effectiveness of these two methods is demonstrated with experiments using real‐world data.
Retention of the Cluster Core Structure during Ligand Exchange Reactions of Carboxylato‐Substituted Metal Oxo Clusters
Authors: Kreutzer Johannes , Puchberger Michael , Artner Christine , Schubert Ulrich 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe exchange of the carboxylato ligands of Zr4O2(methacrylato)12 in reactions with carboxylic acids proceeds with retention of the composition and structure of the cluster core. This was concluded from exchange/re‐exchange experiments and from comparison of the IR bands of the cluster core of the original and ligand‐exchanged clusters. The IR bands were assigned on the basis of DFT calculations. Scrambling reactions between two Zr4O2(OOCR)12 clusters with different carboxylato ligands are a new way to prepare mixed‐ligand oxo clusters.
Accessible Syntheses of Late Transition Metal (Pre)Catalysts Bearing N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands
Authors: Nelson David J. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis microreview details and discusses some selected examples of the accessible syntheses of useful complexes bearing N‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs). The term “accessible”, as used here, is defined as a synthetic route that does not require the isolation of the free NHC. These routes typically rely on either the generation of low equilibrium concentrations of the free NHC, which is then trapped by a metal centre, the deprotonation of the azolium salt by a suitable ligand or the activation of the C–H bond. These approaches can help to overcome a key weakness of NHCs in that they must be handled under stringently inert conditions. Studies of complexes based on metal centres from groups 8–11 are presented and discussed.
Electrochemical Immunosensor for the Determination of Total Ghrelin Hormone in Saliva
Authors: Martínez‐García Gonzalo , Serafín Verónica , Agüí Lourdes , Yáñez‐Sedeño Paloma , Pingarrón José M. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAn electrochemical immunosensor for ghrelin (GHRL) determination in saliva is reported. Anti‐GHRL was immobilized onto Protein G‐magnetic beads and a competitive immunoassay involving biotinylated GHRL and alkaline phosphatase‐streptavidin was implemented. Once conjugate was magnetically captured on a screen‐printed carbon electrode, GHRL quantization was accomplished by DPV of 1‐naphtol formed upon addition of 1‐naphtyl phosphate. A linear range between 10−3 and 103 ng/mL GHRL, and a LOD of 7 pg/mL, much smaller than those from commercial ELISA kits, were found. The usefulness of the immunosensor was demonstrated by analyzing human saliva spiked with GHRL at 0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 ng/mL.
Chitosan Based Diamond Paste Stochastic Microsensors Modified with Gold Nanoparticles Detect Hepatitis C Virus Core Antigen
Authors: Moldoveanu Iuliana , Stefan‐van Staden Raluca‐Ioana , Frederick van Staden Jacobus 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThree types of chitosan (chitosan I (n=371–744), chitosan II (n=682–930), and chitosan III (n=868–1365)) as well as gold nanoparticles (10 nm diameter) were used to modify diamond paste for the design of new stochastic microsensors. Hepatitis C virus core antigen was used as model analyte to prove the stochastic behavior of the proposed microsensors. The microsensors cover a linear range of concentration between 40 fg/mL and 4 ng/mL. The highest sensitivity (1.38×105 s−1/mg/mL) and the lower limit of determination (40 fg/mL) were obtained for chitosan III based microsensor. The hepatitis C virus core antigen was assayed from whole blood samples with recoveries higher than 98.00 %.
Rock‐protecting seaweed? Experimental evidence of bioprotection in the intertidal zone
Authors: Gowell Matthew R. , Coombes Martin A. , Viles Heather A. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBiogeomorphological processes are an important component of dynamic intertidal systems. On rocky shores, the direct contribution of microorganisms, plants and animals to weathering and erosion is well known. There is also increasing evidence that organisms can alter rock breakdown indirectly, by moderating temperature and moisture regimes at the rock–air interface. These influences have been purported to represent mechanisms of bioprotection, by buffering microclimatic fluctuations associated with weathering processes such as wetting and drying and salt crystallization. However, virtually nothing has been done to test whether microclimatic buffering translates to differences in actual rock breakdown rates.Here we report a preliminary laboratory experiment to assess how an artificial canopy (chosen to represent seaweed) affects mechanical rock breakdown. Using a simplified and accelerated thermal regime based on field data from a rocky shore platform in southern England, UK, we find that breakdown (mineral debris release) of mudstone covered with a canopy is reduced by as much as 79% relative to bare rock after around 100 thermal cycles. Reduction in rock surface hardness (measured using an Equotip device) was also greater for bare rock (17%) compared to covered rock (10%) over this period. Measurements of salt crystal formation indicate that the mechanism driving these differences was a reduction in the frequency of crystallization events, via moisture retention and shading of the rock surface. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New formula for calculating time to ignition of semi‐infinite solids
Authors: Wickström Ulf 
Published: March 2015

SummaryAn analytical closed form formula is presented for explicitly calculating time to reach ignition temperature of semi‐infinite solids exposed to constant incident radiation and gas temperature as for example in the cone calorimeter. The non‐linear boundary condition due to the emitted radiation from the surface being proportional to the surface temperature raised to the fourth power according to the Stephan–Boltzmann law is accurately considered. The formula works for a wide range of the parameter values like the thermal inertia of the solid, the emissivity of the exposed surface and the convective heat transfer coefficient. They are all assumed constant. The new formula contains a single constant coefficient, which has been derived by comparing results obtained by accurate numerical finite element simulations using two different codes, comsol and TASEF, as well as calculations based on a Duhamel superposition scheme. Thus, the formula can be classified as semi‐empirical. It offers a simple approximate solution of a non‐linear problem that requires cumbersome numerical calculation methods to obtain more exact results. Any exact analytical solution is not available. The new method is carefully verified by comparisons with numerical solutions. However, as it is an analysis of well‐defined theoretical methods, any validation and comparisons with test data are not required and has therefore not been made.In comparison with other similar approximation formulas found in the literature, the accuracy as well as simplicity of applying the new formula is outstanding. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lending to Parents and Insuring Children: Is There a Role for Microcredit in Complementing Health Insurance in Rural China?
Authors: You Jing 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis paper assesses the causal impact on child health of borrowing formal microcredit for Chinese rural households by exploiting a panel dataset (2000 and 2004) in a poor northwest province. Endogenous borrowing is controlled for in a dynamic regression‐discontinuity design creating a quasi‐experimental environment for causal inferences. There is causal relationship running from formal microcredit to improved child health in the short term, while past borrowing behaviour has no protracted impact on subsequent child health outcomes. Moreover, formal microcredit appears to be a complement to health insurance in improving child health through two mechanisms—it enhances affordability for out‐of‐pocket health care expenditure and helps buffer consumption against adverse health shocks and financial risk incurred by current health insurance arrangements. Government efforts in expanding health insurance for rural households would be more likely to achieve its optimal goals of improving child health outcomes if combined with sufficient access to formal microcredit. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.