bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The gastroprotective effect of pogostone from Pogostemonis Herba against indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in rats
Authors: Chen Xiao-Ying , Chen Hai-Ming , Liu Yu-Hong , Zhang Zhen-Biao , Zheng Yi-Feng , Su Zu-Qing , Zhang Xie , Xie Jian-Hui , Liang Yong-Zhuo , Fu Lu-Di , Lai Xiao-Ping , Su Zi-Ren , Huang Xiao-Qi 
Published: August 2015

Pogostemonis Herba, known as “Guang-Huo-Xiang” in Chinese, has been widely used in the treatment of gastrointestinal dysfunction. Pogostone is one of the major constituents of Pogostemonis Herba. The aim was to scientifically evaluate the possible gastroprotective effect and the underlying mechanisms of pogostone against indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in rats. Rats were orally treated with vehicle, lansoprazole (30 mg/kg) or pogostone (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg) and subsequently exposed to acute gastric lesions induced by indomethacin. Gross evaluation, histological observation, gastric mucosal superoxide dismutase activity, glutathione content, catalase activity, malonaldehyde level and prostaglandin E2 production were performed. Immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2, as well as terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling assay, immunohistochemistry for heat-shock protein 70, B-cell lymphoma-2 and Bax were conducted. Results indicated that rats pretreated with pogostone showed remarkable protection from the gastric mucosa damage compared to vehicle-treated rats based on the ulcer index and inhibition percentage. Histologically, oral administration of pogostone resulted in observable improvement of gastric injury, characterized by reduction of necrotic lesion, flattening of gastric mucosa and alleviation of submucosal edema with hemorrhage. Pogostone pretreatment significantly raised the depressed activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione and catalase, while reduced the elevated malonaldehyde level compared with indomethacin-induced group. Pogostone-pretreated group induced a significant increase in gastric mucosal prostaglandin E2 level and obvious up-regulation of protein levels and mRNA expressions of cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2. Furthermore, antiapoptotic effect of pogostone was verified by terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling assay, and the apoptotic process triggered by pogostone involved the up-expression of heat-shock protein70 and B-cell lymphoma-2 protein, and suppression of Bax protein expressions in the ulcerated tissues. It is speculated that the gastroprotective effect of pogostone against indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration might be associated with its stimulation of cyclooxygenase-mediated prostaglandin E2, antioxidant and antiapoptotic effect.
In vitro and in vivo characterization of the anticancer activity of Thai stingless bee (Tetragonula laeviceps) cerumen
Authors: Nugitrangson Pongvit , Puthong Songchan , Iempridee Tawin , Pimtong Wittaya , Pornpakakul Surachai , Chanchao Chanpen 
Published: August 2015

Tetragonula laeviceps cerumen was sequentially extracted with 80% (v/v) methanol, dichloromethane, and hexane and also in the reverse order. By the MTT assay and the respective 50% inhibition concentration value, the most active fraction was further purified to apparent homogeneity by bioassay-guided silica gel column chromatography. α-Mangostin was identified by high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses. It had a potent cytotoxicity against the BT474, Chago, Hep-G2, KATO-III, and SW620 cell lines (IC50 values of 1.22 ± 0.03, 2.25 ± 0.20, 0.94 ± 0.01, 0.88 ± 0.16, and 1.50 ± 0.39 µmol/L, respectively). The in vitro cytotoxicity of α-mangostin against the five human cancer cell lines and primary fibroblasts was further characterized by real-time impedance-based analysis. Interestingly, α-mangostin was more cytotoxic against the cancer-derived cell lines than against the primary fibroblasts. Later, the migration assay was performed by continuously measuring the attachment of cells to the plate electrodes at the bottom of the transwell membrane. The combined caspase-3 and -7 activities were assayed by the Caspase-Glo® 3/7 kit. It showed that the cytotoxic mechanism involved caspase-independent apoptosis, while at low (non-toxic) concentrations α-mangostin did not significantly alter cell migration. Furthermore, the in vivo cytotoxicity and angiogenesis were determined by alkaline phosphatase staining in zebrafish embryos along with monitoring changes in the transcript expression level of two genes involved in angiogenesis ( vegfaa and vegfr2) by quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase- polymerase chain reaction. It was found that the in vivo cytotoxicity of α-mangostin against zebrafish embryos had a 50% lethal concentration of 9.4 µM, but no anti-angiogenic properties were observed in zebrafish embryos at 9 and 12 µM even though it downregulated the expression of vegfaa and vegfr2 transcripts. Thus, α-mangostin is a major active compound with a potential anticancer activity in T. laeviceps cerumen in Thailand.
The Effect of Early Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy in TB/HIV-Coinfected Patients
Authors: Abay Solomon M. , Deribe Kebede , Reda Ayalu A. , Biadgilign Sibhatu , Datiko Daniel , Assefa Tigist , Todd Maja , Deribew Amare 
Published: August 2015

Background: The importance of early initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for tuberculosis (TB) and HIV-coinfected patients is controversial. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effect of early initiation of ART (within 2-4 weeks of TB treatment) on several treatment outcomes among TB/HIV-coinfected patients. Method: A systematic search of clinical trials was performed in PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Medscape, and the Cochrane library. Clinical trials which were published in any language before the last date of search (March 31, 2015) were included. The qualities of the studies were assessed using criteria from the Cochrane Library. Heterogeneity test was conducted to assess the variations among study outcomes. For each study outcome, the risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated as a measure of intervention effect. The Mantel-Haenszel method was used to estimate the RR using a fixed-effects model. Findings: A total of 2272 study participants from 6 trials were included in the meta-analysis. Early ART initiation during TB treatment was associated with reduced all-cause mortality (RR = 0.78; 95% CI = 0.63-0.98) and increased rate of TB-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS; RR = 2.19; 95% CI = 1.77- 2.70) and death related to TB-IRIS (RR = 6.94; 95% CI = 1.26-38.22). However, the time of ART initiation has no association with TB cure rate (RR = 0.99; 95% CI = 0.81-1.07), rate of drug toxicity (RR = 1.00; 95% CI = 0.93-1.08), death associated with drug toxicity (RR = 0.40; 95% CI = 0.14- 1.16), rate of low viral load (less than 400 copies/mL; RR = 1.00; 95% CI = 0.96-1.04), and rate of new AIDS-defining illness (RR = 0.84; 95% CI = 0.60-1.18). Immunological response in early ART arms of study participant in different trials showed a greater or equal response compared with late ART arms. Conclusion: This systematic review presents conclusive evidence on the reduction of all-cause mortality as a result of early initiation of ART. However, this study also confirms the high rate of TB-IRIS and death associated with it. Operational and implementation research are required to maintain the benefit of early ART initiation and proper management of TB-IRIS. Studies on the timing of ART in extrapulmonary and multidrug-resistant TB are recommended.
Evaluating the Impact of a Pharmacist-Led Antiretroviral Stewardship Program on Reducing Drug Interactions in HIV-Infected Patients
Authors: Billedo Julie Anne S. , Berkowitz Leonard B. , Cha Agnes 
Published: August 2015

Purpose: To compare the number of antiretroviral-related clinically significant drug–drug interactions (CSDDIs) occurring in hospitalized patients that were intervened upon before and after Antiretroviral Stewardship Program (ARVSP) expansion and to classify the interventions made to prevent errors. Methods: A retrospective chart review of adult patients treated with antiretroviral therapy (ART) and who were hospitalized from September 2012 to February 2013. A CSDDI was defined as requiring an alternative therapy, dose adjustment, or schedule modification. Findings were compared to a prior study. Results: A total of 185 admissions were included and 76 CSDDIs were identified, 19 (25%) occurred after ART approval. The percentages of CSDDIs that occurred after ART approval and were intervened upon before and after ARVSP expansion were 43% and 95%, respectively ( P < .001). An additional 80 other interventions were made by the ARVSP. Conclusion: An ARVSP is critical in the prevention of CSDDIs and errors to improve safety in HIV-infected patients.
Six-year longitudinal course and outcomes of subtypes of
depression
Authors: Lamers F. , Beekman A. T. F. , van Hemert A. M. , Schoevers R. A. , Penninx B. W. J. H. 
Published: August 2015

BackgroundClinical and aetiological heterogeneity have impeded our understanding of
depression.AimsTo evaluate differences in psychiatric and somatic course between people
with depression subtypes that differed clinically (severity) and
aetiologically (melancholic v. atypical).MethodData from baseline, 2-, 4- and 6-year follow-up of The Netherlands Study
of Depression and Anxiety were used, and included 600 controls and 648
people with major depressive disorder (subtypes: severe melancholic
n = 308; severe atypical n = 167;
moderate n = 173, established using latent class
analysis).ResultsThose with the moderate subtype had a significantly better psychiatric
clinical course than the severe melancholic and atypical subtype groups.
Suicidal thoughts and anxiety persisted longer in those with the
melancholic subtype. The atypical subtype group continued to have the
highest body mass index and highest prevalence of metabolic syndrome
during follow-up, although differences between groups became less
pronounced over time.ConclusionsCourse trajectories of depressive subtypes mostly ran parallel to each
other, with baseline severity being the most important differentiator in
course between groups.
Empathy in individuals clinically at risk for psychosis: Brain and behaviour
Authors: Derntl Birgit , Michel Tanja Maria , Prempeh Pamela , Backes Volker , Finkelmeyer Andreas , Schneider Frank , Habel Ute 
Published: August 2015

BackgroundEmpathy is a basic human ability, and patients with schizophrenia show dysfunctional empathic abilities on the behavioural and neural level.AimsThese dysfunctions may precede the onset of illness; thus, it seems mandatory to examine the empathic abilities in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis.MethodUsing functional magnetic resonance imaging, we measured 15 individuals at clinical high risk of psychosis (CHR group) and compared their empathy performance with 15 healthy volunteers and 15 patients with schizophrenia.ResultsBehavioural data analysis indicated no significant deficit in the CHR group. Functional data analysis revealed hyperactivation in a frontotemporoparietal network including the amygdala in the CHR group compared with the other two groups.ConclusionsDespite normal behavioural performance, the CHR group activated the neural empathy network differently and specifically showed hyperactivation in regions critical for emotion processing. This could suggest a compensatory mechanism reflecting emotional hypersensitivity or dysfunctional emotion regulation. Further investigations should clarify the role of these neural alterations for development and exacerbation of psychosis.
One-pot Synthesis of Tetralin Derivatives from 3-Benzoylpropionic Acids: Indium-catalyzed Hydrosilylation of Ketones and Carboxylic Acids and Intramolecular Cyclization
Authors: Sakai Norio , Kobayashi Taichi , Ogiwara Yohei 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
This reducing system was composed of a small amount (1 mol %) of In(OAc)3, Me2PhSiH, and I2 that effectively catalyzed the hydrosilylation of two different carbonyl groups, a ketone and a carboxylic acid found in 3-benzoylpropionic acids, followed by a subsequent intramolecular cyclization that led to the one-pot preparation of tetralin derivatives.
Facile Synthesis of Cyclic Fluorosiloxanes
Authors: Oguri Naoki , Takeda Nobuhiro , Unno Masafumi 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Novel 1,3,5,7-tetrafluorocyclotetrasiloxanes were synthesized from cyclotetrasiloxanetetraol by a facile synthetic method. By adjusting the amount of the fluorinating reagent, synthesis of a single isomer of 1,3,5,7-tetrafluorocyclotetrasiloxanes as well as the preparation of all four isomers were accomplished. The products are expected to serve as potential precursors to not only well-defined silsesquioxanes but also asymmetric cyclic siloxanes.
Pressure ulcer prevalence and prevention practices: a cross-sectional comparative survey in Norway and Ireland
Authors: Moore Z. , Johansen E. , Etten M. van , Strapp H. , Solbakken T. , Smith B. Eskerud , Faulstich J. 
Published: August 2015

Objective: This study explored whether the risk assessment method, structured versus clinical judgment, influences pressure ulcer (PU) prevalence or prevention strategies. Method: A cross section survey design was employed with use of a pre-designed data collection instrument. Following ethical approval and consent, data was gathered from two acute care settings, one in Norway (clinical judgment) and one in Ireland (structured risk assessment using the Maelor Score). Results: Data were obtained from 180 patients, 59 in Norway and 121 in Ireland. Of the patients 48% were male and 49% were female, gender was not recorded for 3%. The most common age bracket was 70–99 years of age, 46% of the study population. PU prevalence was 54% in the Norwegian site with the majority of PUs (69%) being category 1, and 12% in the Irish site with the majority (50%) being category 2. Only 8% of patients in the Norwegian site were risk assessed on admission compared with 85% in the Irish site. No dynamic mattresses and four pressure redistribution cushions were in use in the Norwegian site, whereas, in the Irish site, 27 dynamic mattresses and 11 pressure redistribution cushions were used, the majority (44%) for high-risk individuals. Of those at risk of PU development, 15% in the Norwegian site and 56% in the Irish site had a documented repositioning care plan when in bed, and 0% in the Norwegian site and 13% in the Irish site for when seated on a chair. Conclusion: There were inconsistencies in approach to PU risk assessment and prevention across the two clinical settings. However, prevalence rates differed, mainly relating to category 1 PU damage. Even though formal risk assessment is well established in the Irish site, this is not necessarily followed up with appropriated PU prevention. Thus, the method of risk assessment does not seem to influence subsequent care planning, questioning the role of formal risk assessment; however, despite this, risk assessment does put a focus on an important clinical problem. In the Norwegian site, a lack of risk assessment and appropriate equipment may be a confounding factor worthy of further exploration.
Clinical effectiveness of a silicone foam dressing for the prevention of heel pressure ulcers in critically ill patients: Border II Trial
Authors: Santamaria N. , Gerdtz M. , Liu W. , Rakis S. , Sage S. , Ng A.W. , Tudor H. , McCann J. , Vassiliou T. , Morrow F. , Smith K. , Knott J. , Liew D. 
Published: August 2015

Objective: Critically ill patients are at high risk of developing pressure ulcers (PU), with the sacrum and heels being highly susceptible to pressure injuries. The objective of our study was to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of a new multi-layer, self-adhesive soft silicone foam heel dressing to prevent PU development in trauma and critically ill patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). Method: A cohort of critically ill patients were enrolled at the Royal Melbourne Hospital. Each patient had the multi-layer soft silicone foam dressing applied to each heel on admission to the emergency department. The dressings were retained with a tubular bandage for the duration of the patients’ stay in the ICU. The skin under the dressings was examined daily and the dressings were replaced every three days. The comparator for our cohort study was the control group from the recently completed Border Trial. Results: Of the 191 patients in the initial cohort, excluding deaths, loss to follow-up and transfers to another ward, 150 patients were included in the final analysis. There was no difference in key demographic or physiological variables between the cohorts, apart from a longer ICU length of stay for our current cohort. No PUs developed in any of our intervention cohort patients compared with 14 patients in the control cohort (n=152; p<0.001) who developed a total of 19 heel PUs. Conclusion: We conclude, based on our results, that the multi-layer soft silicone foam dressing under investigation was clinically effective in reducing ICU-acquired heel PUs. The findings also support previous research on the clinical effectiveness of multi-layer soft silicone foam dressings for PU prevention in the ICU.
Microcirculatory responses of sacral tissue in healthy individuals and inpatients on different pressure-redistribution mattresses
Authors: Bergstrand S. , Källman U. , Ek A-C. , Engström M. , Lindgren M. 
Published: August 2015

Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the interaction between interface pressure, pressure-induced vasodilation, and reactive hyperaemia with different pressure-redistribution mattresses. Method: A cross-sectional study was performed with a convenience sample of healthy young individuals, and healthy older individuals and inpatients, at a university hospital in Sweden. Blood flow was measured at depths of 1mm, 2mm, and 10mm using laser Doppler flowmetry and photoplethysmography. The blood flow, interface pressure and skin temperature were measured in the sacral tissue before, during, and after load while lying on one standard hospital mattress and three different pressure-redistribution mattresses. Results: There were significant differences between the average sacral pressure, peak sacral pressure, and local probe pressure on the three pressure-redistribution mattresses, the lowest values found were with the visco-elastic foam/air mattress (23.5 ± 2.5mmHg, 49.3 ± 11.1mmHg, 29.2 ± 14.0mmHg, respectively). Blood flow, measured as pressure-induced vasodilation, was most affected in the visco-elastic foam/air group compared to the alternating pressure mattress group at tissue depths of 2mm (39.0% and 20.0%, respectively), and 10mm (56.9 % and 35.1%, respectively). Subjects in all three groups, including healthy 18–65 year olds, were identified with no pressure-induced vasodilation or reactive hyperaemia on any mattress (n=11), which is considered a high-risk blood flow response. Conclusion: Interface pressure magnitudes considered not harmful during pressure-exposure on different pressure-redistribution mattresses can affect the microcirculation in different tissue structures. Despite having the lowest pressure values compared with the other mattresses, the visco-elastic foam/air mattress had the highest proportion of subjects with decreased blood flow. Healthy young individuals were identified with the high-risk blood flow response, suggesting an innate vulnerability to pressure exposure. Furthermore, the evaluation of pressure-redistribution support surfaces in terms of mean blood flow during and after tissue exposure is not feasible, but assessment of pressure-induced vasodilation and reactive hyperaemia could be a new way to assess individualised physiological measurements of mechanisms known to be related to pressure ulcer development.
Disrupting the biofilm matrix improves wound healing outcomes
Authors: Wolcott R. 
Published: August 2015

Objective: The most unyielding molecular component of biofilm communities is the matrix structure that it can create around the individual microbes that constitute the biofilm. The type of polymeric substances (polymeric sugars, bacterial proteins, bacterial DNA and even co-opted host substances) are dependent on the microbial species present within the biofilm. The extracellular polymeric substances that make up the matrix give the wound biofilm incredible colony defences against host immunity, host healing and wound care treatments. This polymeric slime layer, which is secreted by bacteria, encases the population of microbes, creating a physical barrier that limits the ingress of treatment agents to the bacteria. The aim of this study was to determine if degrading the wound biofilm matrix would improve wound healing outcomes and if so, if there was a synergy between treating agents that disrupted biofilm defenses with Next Science Wound Gel (wound gel) and cidal agents (topical antibiotics). Method: A three-armed randomised controlled trial was designed to determine if standard of care (SOC) was superior to SOC plus wound gel (SOC + gel) and wound gel alone. The wound gel used in this study contains components that directly attack the biofilm extracellular polymeric substance. The gel was applied directly to the wound bed on a Monday–Wednesday–Friday interval, either alone or with SOC topical antibiotics. Results: Using a surrogate endpoint of 50% reduction in wound volume, the results showed that SOC healed at 53%, wound gel healed at 80%, while SOC plus wound gel showed 93% of wounds being successfully treated. Conclusion: By directly targeting the wound biofilm matrix, wound healing outcomes are improved.
Lateral malleolar region defects with exposed implants: proximally based peroneus brevis muscle flap
Authors: Ceran C. , Demirseren M.E. , Aksam E. , Cicek C. , Demiralp C.O. 
Published: August 2015

Objective: Reconstruction of lateral malleolar region defects with exposed implants is a problematic situation for the reconstructive surgeon because there are limited options. The objective of our study was to revise the management of these defects and point out the role of proximally based peroneus brevis muscle flap. Method: Patients with an implant exposed tissue defects of the lateral malleolar region were evaluated retrospectively. All defects reconstructed with proximally based peroneus brevis muscle flap were included in this study. Results: Of the 17 patients identified the mean age was 37.1 years (range 16–58 years). The size of the defects were 2–9cm in length (mean: 4.9cm) and 2–4cm in width (mean: 2.6cm). All defects were successfully covered with proximally based peroneus brevis muscle flaps combined with split-thickness skin grafts. All flaps healed with no complication or need for secondary surgery. The mean follow-up was18.8 months (range 12–32 months). Conclusion: Proximally based peroneus brevis muscle flap is a good alternative for reconstruction of lateral malleolar region defects with reliable blood supply, short surgical time, and minimal donor site morbidity.