bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Work Performance Assessed by a Newly Developed Japanese Version of the Work Limitation Questionnaire in a General Japanese Adult Population
Authors: Takegami Misa , Yamazaki Shin , Greenhill Annabel , Chang Hong , Fukuhara Shunichi 
Published: February 2014

Work Performance Assessed by a Newly Developed Japanese Version of the Work Limitation Questionnaire in a General Japanese Adult Population: Misa TAKEGAMI, et al. Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiologic Informatics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center—BackgroundThe Work Limitations Questionnaire (WLQ) was recently developed to measure health‐related decrements in ability to perform job roles among employed individuals. The purpose of this study was to develop and test a Japanese version of the WLQ.MethodsDeveloping the Japanese version of the WLQ involved translations, back‐translations, and a pilot study. Using data obtained from a nationwide survey, 4,600 people aged ≥20 years were selected from the entire population of Japan by stratified random sampling. We ultimately used data from a total of 1,358 workers out of 2,266 subjects who filled out the self‐administered questionnaire. We computed the proportion of missing data, measured internal consistency reliability, and tested for convergent and discriminant validity, concurrent validity, known groups validity, and the factor structure of this instrument.ResultsFor the Japanese version of the WLQ, the percentages of missing values for each scale ranged from 3.6% to 7.8%. Internal consistency reliability was high, and Cronbach's α was ≥0.7 for all subscales. Subjects with headache and orthopedic pain had significantly higher WLQ subscale scores than subjects without. Higher WLQ subscale scores were associated with depressive symptoms as measured with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (p<0.001).ConclusionsThe Japanese WLQ provides reliable and valid information on at‐work disability for group‐level comparisons and tracking therapeutic outcomes.
Genetic Diversity and Classification of Cytoplasm of Chinese Elite Foxtail Millet [Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.] Germplasm
Authors: Liu Zhengli , Zhang Ting , Li Cong , Bai Guihua 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTA single cytoplasmic source of foxtail millet male sterile lines has become a major limiting factor for wide utilization of heterosis in foxtail millet. To explore genetic diversity of Chinese foxtail millet cytoplasm, 23 pairs of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) primers that showed a high level of polymorphism among selected 14 genetically diverse foxtail millet accessions were identified after screening 34 pairs of consensus mtDNA primers that were derived from various plant species. The 23 pairs of primers were used to analyze genetic diversity of cytoplasm in 111 Chinese elite foxtail millet accessions. Genetic similarity coefficients for differentiation of cytoplasmic types were calculated based on the phylogenetic tree and female‐parent‐derived pedigree graph of all the tested accessions. The results show that the genetic diversity of foxtail millet cytoplasm is low, which makes Chinese foxtail millet germplasm vulnerable to the infection by cytoplasm‐related diseases. The 111 tested accessions can be classified into eight cytoplasmic types: Qinyuanmujizui, Huangruangu, Riben60ri, Dahuanggu, Yingsuigu, Heizhigu, MissingI, and MissingII. The eight cytoplasmic types matched with the geographic and ecological distribution pattern of the most tested accessions. The results provided a scientific foundation for rationally utilizing these germplasm lines, diversifying cytoplasmic types in male sterile lines, and further improving hybrid foxtail millet cultivars.
Multiple Leaf Measurements Improve Effectiveness of Chlorophyll Meter for Durum Wheat Nitrogen Management
Authors: Wang Guangyao , Bronson Kevin F. , Thorp Kelly R. , Mon Jarai , Badaruddin Mohammad 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTSimple and rapid methods are needed to measure durum wheat (Triticum durum L.) nitrogen (N) status and make on‐site N application decisions for increased crop yield and grain quality. Although chlorophyll meters (SPAD meters) have been widely tested for cereal crop N management, significant variation in SPAD meter readings among growing seasons, locations, and crop cultivars makes them challenging. Experiments with six durum wheat cultivars and six N fertilizer rates were conducted in Arizona in the 2010–2011 and 2011–2012 growing seasons to test whether multiple leaf SPAD readings on the same plants can improve estimation of crop N status by SPAD meters. The relationships between N nutrition index (NNI) and SPAD readings on the most recent fully expanded leaves (SPAD1), Sufficiency Index or normalized SPAD index (SI), Normalized difference SPAD index (NDSPAD), and the differences in SPAD readings between the second most recent and most recent fully expanded leaves (SPAD21) were compared. The results showed SPAD1 varied with growing season, growth stage, and durum wheat cultivar. All three indices, SI, NDSPAD, and SPAD21, improved the prediction of durum wheat N status compared to SPAD1. The SI measured at Feekes 10.5 or mean SI over growth stages (Feekes 5, 10, and 10.5) performed better than the other three indices in predicting crop yield. This study suggests that using SPAD21 can improve the effectiveness of the SPAD meter compared to SPAD1 and that SPAD21 can be as effective as SI without requirement of reference plots in durum wheat N management.
Selection for Biomass Yield in Upland, Lowland, and Hybrid Switchgrass
Authors: Casler Michael D. , Vogel Kenneth P. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTSwitchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a candidate for cellulosic bioenergy feedstock development in many parts of North America, Europe, and Asia. Breeding for increased biomass yield is a viable and desirable research objective to improve both economic and energy yields per hectare. The objectives of this study were to estimate progress from (i) selection for biomass yield in upland switchgrass, (ii) selection for winter survival, biomass yield, and biomass quality in lowland switchgrass, and (iii) advanced‐generation heterosis effects in four upland × lowland hybrid switchgrass populations. Selection for increased biomass yield in upland switchgrass resulted in mean genetic gains for of 0.71 Mg ha−1 per cycle (8% per cycle = 4% yr−1) for biomass yield. Selection for increased biomass yield in lowland switchgrass resulted in mean genetic gains of 0.89 Mg ha−1 (18% = 1% yr−1) for biomass yield. Mean high‐parent heterosis between upland and lowland ecotypes was 3.57 Mg ha−1 (43%). These gains in biomass yield resulted in significant increases in ethanol production for a fermentation platform or high heating value for a combustion platform. Biomass yield is a moderately heritable trait in switchgrass and it can be readily improved in both upland and lowland populations using conventional breeding methods.
Inheritance of Secondary Morphological Traits for Among‐and‐Within‐Family Selection in Upland Tetraploid Switchgrass
Authors: Price David L. , Casler Michael D. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTMajor efforts are currently being undertaken to improve biomass yield in switchgrass. Among‐and‐within‐family selection has been proposed as an efficient selection scheme to increase rates of genetic gain. The objectives of this study were to estimate the heritability of three yield‐related traits (plant height, tiller count, and flowering date) and evaluate the suitability of those traits as within‐family‐selection criteria. Divergent selections of parents were made for each trait from an upland‐tetraploid population developed for use in temperate North America. Progeny from these selections were used to estimate narrow‐sense heritability by both parent–progeny regression and response to selection. Moderate heritability (0.41) was estimated for plant height but was greater for selection of increased height. Heritability for tiller count was low overall (0.06), with greater values observed for reduced tillering selections. Flowering date was estimated to have high heritability (0.75) overall in both selection directions. Plant height and flowering date both appear heritable on a spaced‐plant basis and may be effective selection criteria for within‐family selection. The relative value of among‐and‐within‐family selection within a practical breeding program will vary depending on what selection criteria are used and the timing of selections.
Association Mapping of Resistance to Yellow Rust in Winter Wheat Cultivars and Elite Genotypes
Authors: Tadesse W. , Ogbonnaya F.C. , Jighly A. , Nazari K. , Rajaram S. , Baum M. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTYellow (stripe) rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici (Pst), is a destructive disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) all over the world, particularly in the Central and West Asia and North Africa (CWANA) region. Host plant resistance is the most economical and environment friendly approach to combating wheat rusts through the deployment of resistant cultivars. In this study, we report findings from an association mapping (AM) study of resistance to Pst in 167 facultative/winter elite wheat genotypes. The genotypes were evaluated for resistance to yellow rust (YR) at the adult plant stage and other agronomic traits for 2 yr (2011–2012) at ICARDA field station, Tel Hadya, Syria. The same genotypes were genotyped using 3051 diversity array technology (DArT) markers of which 1586 were of known chromosome positions. Out of the 167 genotypes evaluated for YR resistance, 65 genotypes (38.9%) were resistant, 20 genotypes (12%) were moderately resistant, 30 genotypes (18%) were moderately susceptible, and 52 genotypes (31.1%) were susceptible. Elite genotypes with high yield potential and YR resistance were identified and have been distributed to the National Agricultural Research System (NARS) for potential direct release and/or use as parents after local adaptation trials by the respective countries. Further, AM analysis using a mixed linear model (MLM), corrected for population structure and kinship relatedness and adjusted for false discovery rate (FDR), identified five genomic regions located on wheat chromosomes 2BL, 4BS, 6AS, 6BL, and 7BL which are significantly associated with genes conferring resistance to YR. The loci located on chromosome 4BS appeared to be a novel quantitative trait loci (QTL). These loci may be useful for choosing parents and incorporating new YR resistance genes into locally adapted wheat cultivars.
Distribution of rDNA in Diploid and Polyploid Lolium multiflorum Lam. and Fragile Sites in 45S rDNA Regions
Authors: Bustamante Fernanda O. , Rocha Laiane C. , Torres Giovana A. , Davide Lisete C. , Mittelmann Andréa , Techio Vânia H. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTThe distribution, number, and location of ribosome DNA (rDNA) regions on chromosomes were evaluated, and transcriptional activity was described in genotypes of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), as well as in an offspring resulting from interbreeding. Nucleoli and nucleolar organizer regions were labeled with silver nitrate and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) was performed with 5S and 45S rDNA as probes. Hybridization procedures were performed on slides previously stained with the Ag‐NOR method. The 5S rDNA sites were highly conserved, while 45S rDNA sites had wide variability, even showing more than one site on the same chromosome. One of the genotypes had more than expected 45S rDNA sites. Approximately 95% of the cells at metaphases had at least one chromosome break/gap in the 45S rDNA site, resulting in chromosome fragmentation. Thus, 45S rDNA correspond to fragile sites in L. multiflorum. These events can affect genome organization and cause new chromosomal rearrangements which, along with some other factors, might be responsible for microevolutionary changes involved in differentiation and speciation. Not all 45S rDNA sites are transcriptionally active. Variation in both the number and size of nucleoli and mechanisms of nucleolar fusion were observed in L. multiflorum.
Genetics of Ginning Efficiency and Its Genotypic and Phenotypic Correlations with Agronomic and Fiber Traits in Upland Cotton
Authors: Bechere Efrem , Boykin J.C. , Zeng L. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTInformation regarding genetic variability and correlations of desirable traits provide a reliable basis for cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) improvement. The objective of this research was to study the genetics of ginning efficiency and estimate genotypic correlations of ginning energy requirements and ginning rate with some agronomic and quality traits in two upland cotton crosses. F2 plants from two segregating families were used to produce F3 plants, from which 62 individual plants from each of the two populations were randomly harvested in 2009 to produce progeny rows which were planted in two replications at two environments at Stoneville, MS during 2010 and 2012. The highest broad‐sense heritability was observed for fuzz percentage followed by net ginning energy, gross ginning energy, and ginning rate. Significant positive genotypic correlations were observed between fuzz percentage, net ginning energy, and gross ginning energy. Fuzz percentage, however, had a significant negative genotypic correlation with ginning rate. Ginning rate was negatively and significantly correlated with net ginning energy and gross ginning energy. Net ginning energy had a significant positive genotypic relationship with gross ginning energy. These results hold true for both populations. Results also indicated a high genetic advance from selection for fuzz percentage. These results, coupled with the fact that fuzz percentage is easier, faster, and much less expensive to measure, make it a good candidate for selecting for ginning efficiency.
A Genomic Comparison of Homoeologous Recombinants of the Lr19 (T4) Translocation in Wheat
Authors: Somo Mohamed , Chao Shiaoman , Acevedo Maricelis , Zurn Jason , Cai Xiwen , Marais Francois 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTThe Lr19 translocation continues to provide broad resistance to Puccinia triticina in many parts of the world and can be particularly useful in resistance gene pyramids. Previously, an associated gene for yellow endosperm pigmentation precluded its use in many countries, and as a result, allosyndetic recombinants and mutants lacking the pigmentation genes have been developed. Such a primary white endosperm recombinant (Lr19‐149) and four secondary recombinants (Lr19‐149–252, −299, −462, and −478) were obtained in earlier studies. This study characterized the translocations making use of fluorescence genomic in situ hybridization (FGISH), simple sequence repeat (SSR), sequence tagged site (STS), and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. The recombined segments were shown to be intercalary inserts of different size and were mapped to the most distal 7BL deletion bin. In addition to a previously reported duplication that involves the Wsp‐1 locus, primary recombinant −149 also has a deletion of the PSY‐1 containing region. These apparently small aberrations have been retained in three of the secondary recombinants that resulted from single, proximal crossovers. The fourth secondary recombinant (−478) resulted from a distal crossover that apparently restored a normal wheat telomeric region with single copies of the Wsp‐B1 and PSY‐B1 loci and appears to be the most useful.
An Introgression from Wild Tomato (Solanum habrochaites) Affects Tomato Photosynthesis and Water Relations
Authors: Easlon Hsien Ming , Clair Dina A. St. , Bloom Arnold J. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTA quantitative trait locus (QTL) stm9 (shoot‐turgor maintenance; located on chromosome 9) from chilling‐tolerant Solanum habrochaites S. Knapp & D.M. Spooner maintains plant water status via stomatal closure in response to root chilling, which induces a rapid onset form of root water stress. Here we examined the effect of an introgressed S. habrochaites chromosome 9 region, which contains QTL stm9, on water relations, photosynthesis, and yield in the field. Three near‐isogenic lines (NILs) of cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) with and without S. habrochaites chromosome 9 introgressions, and their parent cultivar T5, were evaluated in 2 yr of field experiments in Davis, CA. The NILs with a S. habrochaites introgression exhibited predawn and midday leaf conductances that were 23 and 10% smaller, respectively, than those of the NIL without the S. habrochaites introgression and the parent cultivar. This resulted in the NILs with the S. habrochaites region having 23% higher predawn leaf water potential, 13% higher midday leaf water potential, and 13% lower net photosynthesis than the NIL without the S. habrochaites introgression and the parent cultivar. Yield in the NILs containing small (NIL175) and large (NIL1322) introgressions of S. habrochaites decreased an average of 42 and 71%, respectively, compared with the NIL without the introgression and the parent cultivar. The effect of the introgression from S. habrochaites under nonchilling conditions may prove useful for understanding tradeoffs between productivity and transpiration.
Alkaloid Genotype Diversity of Tall Fescue Endophytes
Authors: Takach Johanna E. , Young Carolyn A. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTTall fescue {Festuca arundinacea Schreb. [syn Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh.]}, a common forage grass used in temperate regions, forms mutually beneficial symbioses with hybrid epichloid endophytes, including the well‐described species Neotyphodium coenophialum. These endophytes confer many benefits to their plant hosts, including the production of bioactive alkaloids that deter insect and/or mammalian herbivory. Individual seeds from 176 tall fescue accessions were collected worldwide, including representatives of both Continental and Mediterranean morphotypes, and screened via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for endophyte incidence and potential chemotypic diversity. A total of 89 endophyte‐infected seed lines were identified and screened with markers representing key genes within the four alkaloid biosynthesis loci, EAS (ergot alkaloids), IDT (indole‐diterpenes), LOL (lolines), and PER (peramine). Endophyte alkaloid genotypes based on alkaloid biosynthetic gene‐specific patterns were developed for each infected seed, and the alkaloid potential for each endophyte was predicted. Genotype profiles were compared to those of 11 known tall fescue endophytes to identify genotype variation within species as well as the prevalence of each species. Some Plant Introduction (PI) accessions arising from multiple germplasm sources were determined to contain two to three independent endophyte genotypes across the seeds tested. The results from this study provide insight into the genotype and chemotype diversity of endophytes present in populations of tall fescue worldwide and support evidence that tall fescue endophytes are host specific.
Variability of Grain‐Filling Traits in Early Maturing CIMMYT Tropical Maize Inbred Lines
Authors: Gasura Edmore , Setimela Peter S. , Tarekegne Amsal , Icishahayo David , Edema Richard , Gibson Paul T. , Okori Patrick 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTGrain‐filling rate (GFR), effective grain‐filling duration (EGFD), and total grain‐filling duration (TGFD) are important physiological traits of maize (Zea mays L.) grain yield (GY) formation. To devise effective breeding strategies, the genetic nature of these traits is a prerequisite for improvement in early maturing maize. A study was conducted at CIMMYT‐Zimbabwe using an α‐lattice design with two replications in two environments to investigate the genetic variability of grain‐filling traits in 18 early maturing tropical maize inbred lines derived from CIMMYT germplasm. Highly significant differences were observed for GY, thousand‐grain weight (TGW), GFR, EGFD, TGFD, kernels per row (KR), and rows per cob (RC). The broad‐sense coefficient of genetic determination (the fixed parent equivalent of broad‐sense heritability) was above 70% for all of the traits. The highest GY was obtained from the inbred line T032‐30 (79.2 g plant–1) and the lowest from inbred line CML506 (37.6 g plant–1), respectively. Therefore, selecting for higher GFR and longer TGFD, especially the EGFD, can increase GY of early maize without extending days to physiological maturity (DPM).
Genetic Variation for Epidermal Conductance in Peanut
Authors: Rosas‐Anderson Pablo , Sinclair Thomas R. , Balota Maria , Tallury Shyam , Isleib Thomas G. , Rufty Thomas 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTPeanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important legume that is often grown in drought‐prone areas. Low epidermal conductance (EC) may delay the dehydration of leaves and improve plant survival of severe water‐deficit stress. No reports of genetic variation for EC in peanut have been found in the literature. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to document genetic variation for EC among 21 peanut (Arachis spp.) genotypes in two greenhouse experiments and a field experiment. The effects of water‐deficit stress on EC and the association between EC and stomata density (SD) were also investigated. Tests for an influence of water‐deficit stress on EC were inconclusive. Comparison of EC and SD among genotypes failed to show any significant correlations in the various test environments. However, genetic variation for EC in peanut was found in both greenhouse experiments, with genotypes TMV 2, PI 298639, and VA 98R having very low EC. In the field, genotype SPT 06‐07 was found to have low EC. These results indicate that selection of genotypes with low EC is a viable approach in identifying peanut genotypes with improved capacity to survive severe soil water deficits.
Shortening the Breeding Cycle of Sorghum, a Model Crop for Research
Authors: Rizal Govinda , Karki Shanta , Alcasid Michael , Montecillo Florencia , Acebron Kelvin , Larazo Nikki , Garcia Richard , Slamet‐Loedin Inez Hortense , Quick William Paul 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTSorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is a model C4 cereal for both basic and applied research. It has most of the traits of a model plant species: large embryos that are easy to rescue, moderate genome size of about 760 Mb, several unique traits not found in other species, plenty of seeds, and many important agronomic as well as commercial uses. However, it takes a long time to complete its breeding cycle. Other problems encountered during the research on sorghum breeding were early desiccation of embryos from mutants and wide hybridization, and the high‐yielding cultivars and plants grown in controlled environments are usually uniculm, which limits their use in crossing to obtain both selfed and crossed seeds. The objective of this research was to find ways to obtain cross‐ and self‐pollinated seeds from the same plant, conserve the vital embryos, and most important, shorten the breeding cycle. Two methods are reported here. The first method was to produce crossed as well as selfed seeds on the same panicle of the usually uni‐culm plant. The second method was to carry out embryo rescue to save vital embryos as well as shorten the breeding cycle from the regular 17 to 11 wk. By these two methods, the breeding cycle of sorghum was made comparable or even shorter than that of other model crops, which would allow the development of breeding materials much faster.