bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toleranzen und Vorhaltemaß der Betondeckung beim Nachweis der Feuerwiderstandsdauer im Massivbau
Authors: Unterbuchberger Claudia , Müller André 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBezüglich des konstruktiven Brandschutznachweises von Stahl‐ und Spannbetonbauteilen ist die Betondeckung der Bewehrung eine der entscheidensten Einflussgrößen. Seit Längerem steht immer wieder die Frage im Raum, wie hinsichtlich dieses relevanten Parameters eine Gleichstellung zwischen Neu‐ und Bestandsbauten beim Nachweis der Feuerwiderstandsdauer erzielt werden kann. Während für Neubauten die Verwendung des Nennmaßes normativ eindeutig zugelassen ist, besteht im Bestand nicht selten die Notwendigkeit, den rechnerisch ansetzbaren Wert auf Basis von Betondeckungsmessungen zu definieren.Mit dem Ziel, künftig ein vergleichbares Sicherheitsniveau zwischen neuen und bestehenden Bauwerken im Brandfall erreichen zu können, werden in diesem Beitrag sowohl Überlegungen zur Durchführung als auch zur statistischen Auswertung von Betondeckungsmessungen angestellt. Besonderes Augenmerk wird dabei auf die bauseitig unvermeidbaren Streuungen der Betondeckung und deren Auswirkungen auf die Feuerwiderstandsdauer verschiedener Bauteilarten gelegt. Beispiele aus der Praxis verdeutlichen die behandelte Thematik. Auf Grundlage der gewonnenen Erkenntnisse wird abschließend eine neue Vorgehensweise zur Festlegung der rechnerisch ansetzbaren Betondeckung für den Nachweis der Feuerwiderstandsdauer im Massivbau formuliert.Concrete cover tolerances and allowance with regard to the fire resistance design of concrete structuresRegarding the fire resistance design of reinforced and prestressed concrete members the cover of reinforcement is one of the most important parameters. With reference to the chargeable concrete cover, the problem of how to ensure the same standards for new and existing buildings hasn't been solved so far. In contrast to historical buildings the use of the nominal dimension is undoubtedly normatively admitted for new constructions. However, the first‐mentioned often require the interpretation of concrete cover measurements.To guarantee a comparable safety level in future in case of fire between new and existing structures, this article deals with the realization and probabilistic assessment of the named measurements. Specific attention is given to the unavoidable statistical scattering and its effects on the fire safety of various structural member types. Practical examples visualize the treated subject. Based on the results gained from these investigations, a new approach is established to define the chargeable cover of reinforcement for the fire resistance design.
Addressing the cross‐country applicability of the theory of planned behaviour (TPB): A structured review of multi‐country TPB studies
Authors: Hassan Louise M. , Shiu Edward , Parry Sara 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe theories of reasoned action and planned behaviour (TRA/TPB) have received substantial research interest from consumer behaviourists. One important area of interest that has not been adequately researched concerns the impact of national culture on the TRA/TPB components and interrelationships. To date, no systematic assessment of the impact of culture on the TRA/TPB model relationships has been undertaken. In order to understand the potential impact of culture on the TRA/TPB model relationships, a structured review of TRA/TPB studies is undertaken. Studies that have quantitatively applied the TRA/TPB across at least two countries within a consumption domain since 2000 are reviewed. The authors propose that two of Hofstede's cultural dimensions, individualism and power distance, may moderate the TRA/TPB relationships. The review highlights that the impact of subjective norm on intention varies most across countries, with the relationship between intention and both attitude and perceived behavioural control operating more similarly across country samples. Further, a systematic assessment of variation in the TRA/TPB model relationships via multilevel modelling shows that only the subjective norm–intention relationship varies across the countries studied. The relationship between subjective norm and intention is found to be influenced by power distance, with a stronger relationship evident in high power distance cultures. This review is the first of its kind and is of significance in addressing the emic versus etic nature of the TRA/TPB. Importantly, the article outlines relevant avenues and recommendations for future cross‐national research utilizing the TRA/TPB. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interactions between Flavins and Quadruplex Nucleic Acids
Authors: Merkle Tobias , Sinn Malte , Hartig Jörg S. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractQuadruplex nucleic acids are widespread in genomes. They influence processes such as transcription, translation, replication, recombination, and the regulation of gene expression. Several synthetic ligands have been demonstrated to target quadruplex nucleic acids. However, only very few metabolites have been reported to interact with quadruplexes. In principle, an intracellular metabolite that selectively binds to four‐stranded sequences could modulate quadruplex formation, stability, and thus functions in a riboswitch (or deoxyriboswitch) manner. Here we report quadruplex interactions with flavin derivatives such as FMN and FAD. The affinities were highest with parallel quadruplexes, with low (14–20 μm) dissociation constants. Taking into account combined intracellular flavin concentrations of 243 μm in E. coli, the observed interactions in principle open up the possibility of flavin levels affecting gene expression and other processes by modulating quadruplex formation.
ChemInform Abstract: Tuning Sodium Ion Conductivity in the Layered Honeycomb Oxide Na3‐xSn2‐xSbxNaO6.
Authors: Smaha Rebecca W. , Roudebush John H. , Herb Jake T. , Seibel Elizabeth M. , Krizan Jason W. , Fox Gary M. , Huang Qingzhen , Arnold Craig B. , Cava Robert J. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe title compounds are prepared by solid‐state reaction of stoichiometric amounts of Na2CO3, SnO2, and Sb2O5 (1.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Enantioenriched 1,2‐trans‐Diamines Using the Borono‐Mannich Reaction with N‐Protected α‐Amino Aldehydes.
Authors: Norsikian Stephanie , Beretta Margaux , Cannillo Alexandre , Martin Amelie , Retailleau Pascal , Beau Jean‐Marie 
Published: October 2015

Abstract1,2‐trans‐diamines are prepared with an enantiomeric excess of up to 98% e.e.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselectivity Switch in Chiral Amine‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Addition of Aldehydes to Reactive Enals.
Authors: Kano Taichi , Maruyama Hiroki , Sakamoto Ryu , Maruoka Keiji 
Published: October 2015

Abstract1,2‐ or 1,4‐addition of aldehydes to enals can be controlled by the choice of catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: An Unsymmetrical Iron Catalyst for the Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones.
Authors: Smith Samantha A. M. , Morris Robert H. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe new iron(II)(Ph2P‐NH‐N‐PCy2) complex possessing a dicyclohexylphosphino group trans to the NH group efficiently catalyzes the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of prochiral ketones furnishing the corresponding alcohols with high enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Uses of 1‐(3‐Cyano‐4,5,6,7‐tetrahydrobenzo [b]‐thiophen‐2‐yl)‐3‐dodecanoylthiourea as a Building Block in the Synthesis of Fused Pyrimidine and Thiazine Systems.
Authors: Hemdan Magdy Mohamed , Abd El‐Mawgoude Heba Kamal 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe title compound prepared by reaction of lauroyl isothiocyanate with 2‐amino‐4,5,6,7‐tetrahydrobenzo[b]‐thiophene‐3‐carbonitrile, is used to synthesize several condensed pyrimidines via intramolecular exo‐dig annulation reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: The 4,5‐Methano‐L‐proline as a Chiral Organocatalysts in Direct Asymmetric Aldol Reactions.
Authors: Yu Na , Han Sheng , Yu Han 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe reaction works well with acyclic and cyclic ketones and arylaldehydes whereas isobutyraldehyde as reaction partner only yields trace amounts of the desired product.
ChemInform Abstract: Rh(I)‐Catalyzed Hydroamidation of Olefins via Selective Activation of N—H Bonds in Aliphatic Amines.
Authors: Dong Kaiwu , Fang Xianjie , Jackstell Ralf , Laurenczy Gabor , Li Yuehui , Beller Matthias 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn the presence of a ligand‐ and additive‐free Rh(I) catalyst various olefins and aliphatic amines are transformed into N‐alkyl amides in medium to high yields with excellent regioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Scalable Synthesis of the Potent HIV Inhibitor BMS‐986001 by Non‐enzymatic Dynamic Kinetic Asymmetric Transformation (DYKAT).
Authors: Ortiz Adrian , Benkovics Tamas , Beutner Gregory L. , Shi Zhongping , Bultman Michael , Nye Jeffrey , Sfouggatakis Chris , Kronenthal David R. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractTitle compound (IX*) is prepared from racemic lactol (I) using small‐molecule‐mediated dynamic kinetic resolution and a selective pyranose‐to‐furanose ring contraction as the key steps.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient and Eco‐Friendly Protocol to Functionalized Imidazoles via Ring‐Opening of α‐Nitro Epoxides.
Authors: Guo Xiao , Shao Jiaan , Liu Huan , Chen Binhui , Chen Wenteng , Yu Yongping 
Published: October 2015

Abstract2‐Alkyl‐3‐aryl disubstituted α‐nitroepoxides are efficiently reacted with aryl, alkyl, and formamidines to form highly substituted imidazoles in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Prussian Blue Derived Nanoporous Iron Oxides as Anticancer Drug Carriers for Magnetic‐Guided Chemotherapy.
Authors: Zakaria Mohamed B. , Belik Alexei A. , Liu Chia‐Hung , Hsieh Han‐Yun , Liao Yu‐Te , Malgras Victor , Yamauchi Yusuke , Wu Kevin. C.‐W. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractNanoporous iron oxide nanoparticles with superparamagnetic behavior are prepared from Prussian blue nanocubes by thermal aging of an aqueous solution of PVP and K3[Fe(CN)6] in 0.01 M HCl (80 °C, 30 h) followed by thermal decomposition in air (250 and 400 °C,1 h).
Chiral Inhibition of Rivaroxaban Derivatives Towards UDP‐Glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) Isoforms
Authors: Yao Zhuhua , Liu Yong‐Zhe , Ma Ai‐Lun , Wang Shu‐Fen , Lu Dan , Hu Cui‐Min , Zhang Yan‐Yan , Wang Haina , Hu Lingyun , Deng Jun , Yang Kun , Fang Zhong‐Ze 
Published: October 2015

AbstractRivaroxaban is an oral direct factor Xa (FXa) inhibitor clinically used to prevent and treat thromboembolic disorders. Drug–drug interaction (DDI) exist for rivaroxaban and the inhibitors of CYP3A4/5. This study aims to investigate the inhibition of rivaroxaban and its derivatives with a chiral center towards UDP‐glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs). Chemical synthesis was performed to obtain rivaroxaban derivatives with different chiral centers. UGTs supersomes‐catalyzed 4‐methylumbelliferone (4‐MU) glucuronidation was employed to evaluate the inhibition potential towards various UGT isoforms. A significant influence of rivaroxaban derivatives towards UGT1A3 was observed. Chiral centers produce different effects towards the effect of four pairs of rivaroxaban derivatives towards UGT1A3 activity, with stronger inhibition potential of S1 than R1, but stronger inhibition capability of R2, R3, R4 than S2, S3, and S4. Competitive inhibition of R3 and R4 towards UGT1A3 was demonstrated by Dixon and Lineweaver‐Burk plots. In conclusion, the significant influence of rivaroxaban derivatives towards UGT1A3's activity was demonstrated in the present study. The chirality centers highly affected the inhibition behavior of rivaroxaban derivatives towards UGT1A3. Chirality 27:936–943, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Concepts and Molecular Aspects in the Polypharmacology of PARP‐1 Inhibitors
Authors: Passeri Daniela , Camaioni Emidio , Liscio Paride , Sabbatini Paola , Ferri Martina , Carotti Andrea , Giacchè Nicola , Pellicciari Roberto , Gioiello Antimo , Macchiarulo Antonio 
Published: October 2015

AbstractRecent years have witnessed a renewed interest in PARP‐1 inhibitors as promising anticancer agents with multifaceted functions. Particularly exciting developments include the approval of olaparib (Lynparza) for the treatment of refractory ovarian cancer in patients with BRCA1/2 mutations, and the increasing understanding of the polypharmacology of PARP‐1 inhibitors. The aim of this review article is to provide the reader with a comprehensive overview of the distinct levels of the polypharmacology of PARP‐1 inhibitors, including 1) inter‐family polypharmacology, 2) intra‐family polypharmacology, and 3) multi‐signaling polypharmacology. Progress made in gaining insight into the molecular basis of these multiple target‐independent and target‐dependent activities of PARP‐1 inhibitors are discussed, with an outlook on the potential impact that a better understanding of polypharmacology may have in aiding the explanation as to why some drug candidates work better than others in clinical settings, albeit acting on the same target with similar inhibitory potency.
Universality of Chaos and Ultrametricity in Mixed p‐Spin Models
Authors: Auffinger Antonio , Chen Wei‐Kuo 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe prove disorder universality of chaos phenomena and ultrametricity in the mixed p‐spin model under mild moment assumptions on the environment. This establishes the longstanding belief among physicists that the solution of mean‐field models with Gaussian disorder also holds for different environments. Our results extend to the mixed p‐spin model as well as to different spin glass models. These include universality of quenched disorder chaos in the Edwards‐Anderson (EA) model and quenched concentration for the magnetization in both EA and mixed p‐spin models under non‐Gaussian environments. In addition, we show quenched self‐averaging for the overlap in the random field Ising model under small perturbation of the external field.© 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Organometallic Reactivity of [Silver(I)­(Pyridine‐Containing Ligand)] Complexes Relevant to Catalysis
Authors: Pedrazzini Tommaso , Pirovano Paolo , Dell'Acqua Monica , Ragaini Fabio , Illiano Pasquale , Macchi Piero , Abbiati Giorgio , Caselli Alessandro 
Published: October 2015

AbstractSilver(I) complexes of pyiridine‐containing macrocyclic ligands (Pc‐L) have already been demonstrated as active catalysts for some domino and multicomponent reactions. Here, we report new chiral [AgI(Pc‐L*)] cationic complexes that have been synthesized and fully characterized, including structural determination by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The complexes show a rich coordination chemistry, demonstrating both the σ‐philic (alcohol and nitrile coordination) and the π‐philic (alkyne coordination) nature of silver. The η2 coordination mode of the naphthyl pendant arm of the ligands on silver has been observed in solution by NMR spectroscopic experiments. 2D NMR spectroscopy revealed the presence of positive cross peaks resulting from rotational processes and the rate of rotation was measured by using 2D exchange spectroscopy (EXSY).
Iodinated Bis(phthalocyaninato)terbium(III) Complexes: Versatile Platforms for Functionalization of Single‐Molecule Magnets through Sonogashira Reaction
Authors: Bertani Federico , Cristiani Nicola , Mannini Matteo , Pinalli Roberta , Sessoli Roberta , Dalcanale Enrico 
Published: October 2015

AbstractNovel homoleptic octaiodinated bis(phthalocyaninato)terbium(III) complex Tb(PcI4)2 (1) and its heteroleptic counterpart tetraiodinated TbPc(PcI4) have been synthesized in their neutral forms and fully characterized. Their magnetic properties have been evaluated by standard magnetometry, and the results confirm the single‐molecule magnet behavior of these two complexes. The eight aryl iodine moieties in the homoleptic derivative 1 have been exploited to test the Sonogashira reaction with 4‐pentyn‐1‐ol as alkynyl substrate at room temperature under standard conditions. The application of this new synthetic protocol for TbPc2 functionalization to different substrates will allow the introduction of a wide range of functionalities on LnPc2, which is a necessary prerequisite for the development of SMM‐based technologies.
The Intestinal Microbiome in Bariatric Surgery Patients
Authors: Peat Christine M. , Kleiman Susan C. , Bulik Cynthia M. , Carroll Ian M. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWith nearly 39% of the worldwide adult population classified as obese, much of the globe is facing a serious public health challenge. Increasing rates of obesity, coupled with the failure of many behavioural and pharmacological interventions, have contributed to a rise in popularity of bariatric surgery as a treatment for obesity. Surgery‐mediated weight loss was initially thought to be a direct result of mechanical alterations causing restriction and calorie malabsorption. However, the mounting evidence suggests that indirect factors influence the accumulation and storage of fat in patients that have undergone this procedure. Given the established impact the intestinal microbiota has on adiposity, it is likely that this complex enteric microbial community contributes to surgery‐mediated weight loss and maintenance of weight loss postsurgery. In this review, we discuss the physiological and psychological traits exhibited by bariatric surgery candidates that can be influenced by the intestinal microbiota. Additionally, we detail the studies that investigated the impact of bariatric surgery on the intestinal microbiota in humans and mouse models of this procedure. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Morphodynamic evolution of a lower Mississippi River channel bar after sand mining
Authors: Yuill Brendan T. , Gaweesh Ahmed , Allison Mead A. , Meselhe Ehab A. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn‐channel sand mining by dredge removes large quantities of bed sediment and alters channel morphodynamic processes. While the reach‐scale impacts of dredging are well documented, the effects of the dredged borrow pit on the local flow and sediment transport are poorly understood. These local effects are important because they control the post‐dredge evolution of the borrow pit, setting the pit lifespan and affecting reach‐scale channel morphology. This study documents the observed morphological evolution of a large (1·46 million m3) borrow pit mined on a lateral sandbar in the lower Mississippi River using a time‐series of multibeam bathymetric surveys. During the 2·5 year time‐series, 53% of the initial pit volume infilled with sediment, decreasing pit depth by an average of 0·88 m yr−1. To explore the controls of the observed infilling, a morphodynamic model (Delft3D) was used to simulate flow and sediment transport within the affected river reach. The model indicated that infilling rates were primarily related to the riverine sediment supply and pit geometry. The pit depth and length influenced the predicted magnitude of the pit bed shear stress relative to its pre‐dredged value, i.e. the bed‐stress reduction ratio (R*), a metric that was correlated with the magnitude and spatial distribution of infilling. A one‐dimensional reduced‐complexity model was derived using predicted sediment supply and R* to simulate patterns of pit infilling. This simplified model of borrow‐pit evolution was able to closely approximate the amount and patterns of sediment deposition during the study period. Additional model experiments indicate that, for a borrow pit of a set volume, creating deep, longitudinally‐shorter borrow pits significantly increased infilling rates relative to elongated pits. Study results provide insight into the resilience of alluvial river channels after a disturbance and the sustainability of sand mining as a sediment source for coastal restoration. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The influence of melamine impregnation and heat treatment on the fire performance of Scots pine (Pinus sylvetris) wood
Authors: Lahtela Ville , Kärki Timo 
Published: October 2015

SummaryWood, as a natural and renewable resource, is a popular material for construction, but its fire performance restricts its utilization. In addition, for example, the mechanical properties of wood have up till now been impaired by the most common fire retardants, and therefore, the investigation of wood modification with not‐weakening flame retardants is essential. This study investigates the effects of melamine impregnation and heat treatment on the fire performance of Scots pine (Pinus sylvetris L.). The treated samples were tested with a cone calorimeter, and the following features were studied: time to ignition, heat release, smoke production, and mass loss. The heat‐treated samples became more homogenous as regards the results of fire performance. Some of the examined fire behavior values decreased because of heat treatment, while the same values increased after the combination of melamine impregnation and heat treatment. The smoke production was reduced the most for the samples that were both impregnated and heat treated. Although the influence of treatment on the fire behavior properties of solid wood was relatively marginal, it was assumed that these treatments will not have a negative impact on the fire‐resistance properties of pine wood. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rapid methods for extracting and quantifying phenolic compounds in citrus rinds
Authors: Magwaza Lembe Samukelo , Opara Umezuruike Linus , Cronje Paul J. R. , Landahl Sandra , Ortiz Jose Ordaz , Terry Leon A. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractConventional methods for extracting and quantifying phenolic compounds in citrus rinds are time consuming. Rapid methods for extracting and quantifying phenolic compounds were developed by comparing three extraction solvent combinations (80:20 v/v ethanol:H2O; 70:29.5:0.5 v/v/v methanol:H2O:HCl; and 50:50 v/v dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO):methanol) for effectiveness. Freeze‐dried, rind powder was extracted in an ultrasonic water bath at 35°C for 10, 20, and 30 min. Phenolic compound quantification was done with a high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) equipped with diode array detector. Extracting with methanol:H2O:HCl for 30 min resulted in the optimum yield of targeted phenolic acids. Seven phenolic acids and three flavanone glycosides (FGs) were quantified. The dominant phenolic compound was hesperidin, with concentrations ranging from 7500 to 32,000 μg/g DW. The highest yield of FGs was observed in samples extracted, using DMSO:methanol for 10 min. Compared to other extraction methods, methanol:H2O:HCl was efficient in optimum extraction of phenolic acids. The limit of detection and quantification for all analytes were small, ranging from 1.35 to 5.02 and 4.51 to 16.72 μg/g DW, respectively, demonstrating HPLC quantification method sensitivity. The extraction and quantification methods developed in this study are faster and more efficient. Where speed and effectiveness are required, these methods are recommended.