bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A retrospective study of multimodal analgesic treatment after laparoscopic appendectomy in children
Authors: Liu Yang , Seipel Catherine , Lopez Monica E. , Nuchtern Jed G. , Brandt Mary L. , Fallon Sara C. , Manyang Peter A. , Tjia Imelda M. , Baijal Rahul G. , Watcha Mehernoor F. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryBackgroundLaparoscopic appendectomy is a common emergency pediatric surgery procedure accompanied by substantial pain (pain scores >4 for >60% of the time) in 33% of these patients. We introduced a bundle of pain management interventions including local anesthetic infiltration at the incision site, intravenous (IV) opioids by patient‐controlled analgesia (PCA), and scheduled doses of IV ketorolac and oral acetaminophen/hydrocodone.ObjectivesTo evaluate the effect of these pain management interventions on pain control after laparoscopic appendectomy.MethodsWe retrospectively studied pain in 206 children above 7 years of age undergoing laparoscopic appendectomy from December 2011 to February 2012 at our institution. We extracted data on patient demographics, duration of anesthesia and surgery, intraoperative opioids, local anesthetic infiltration, surgical procedure reports, along with pain scores, postoperative PCA use, and opioid‐related complications and hospital stays. Patients were divided into two groups – simple appendicitis without peritonitis and appendicitis with generalized peritonitis.ResultsThe incidence of substantial pain when the multimodal regimen was used was 12%, which is significantly lower than earlier reports (Fisher's exact test P < 0.001). Patients with generalized peritonitis experienced more pain, consumed more opioids, had more unmet PCA demands, and a higher incidence of respiratory depression compared with those with simple appendicitis.ConclusionThe multimodal regimen of local anesthetic infiltration, opioid by PCA, NSAIDs, and oral acetaminophen/hydrocodone reduced the incidence of substantial pain. Additional studies are required to identify subgroups of patients with minimal opioid requirements who can benefit from modifications of this regimen.
Polyamines reprogram oxidative and nitrosative status and the proteome of citrus plants exposed to salinity stress
Authors: TANOU GEORGIA , ZIOGAS VASILEIOS , BELGHAZI MAYA , CHRISTOU ANASTASIS , FILIPPOU PANAGIOTA , JOB DOMINIQUE , FOTOPOULOS VASILEIOS , MOLASSIOTIS ATHANASSIOS 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe interplay among polyamines (PAs) and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RNS and ROS) is emerging as a key issue in plant responses to salinity. To address this question, we analysed the impact of exogenous PAs [putrescine (Put), spermidine (Spd) and spermine (Spm)] on the oxidative and nitrosative status in citrus plants exposed to salinity. PAs partially reversed the NaCl‐induced phenotypic and physiological disturbances. The expression of PA biosynthesis (ADC, SAMDC, SPDS and SPMS) and catabolism (DAO and PAO) genes was systematically up‐regulated by PAs. In addition, PAs altered the oxidative status in salt‐stressed plants as inferred by changes in ROS production and redox status accompanied by regulation of transcript expression and activities of various antioxidant enzymes. Furthermore, NaCl‐induced up‐regulation of NO‐associated genes, such as NR, NADde, NOS‐like and AOX, along with S‐nitrosoglutathione reductase and nitrate reductase activities, was partially restored by PAs. Protein carbonylation and tyrosine nitration are depressed by specific PAs whereas protein S‐nitrosylation was elicited by all PAs. Furthermore, we identified 271 S‐nitrosylated proteins that were commonly or preferentially targeted by salinity and individual PAs. This work helps improve our knowledge on the plant's response to environmental challenge.
Childhood Psoriasis—An Analysis of German Health Insurance Data
Authors: Matusiewicz David , Koerber Andreas , Schadendorf Dirk , Wasem Juergen , Neumann Anja 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis study explored the epidemiology, treatment, and comorbidities of juvenile psoriasis in Germany using health insurance data. Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that affects approximately 2% to 3% of the world's population. Data were obtained from a database of approximately 6.7 million individuals registered with health insurance organizations throughout Germany. The analysis considered all individuals age 18 years and younger with psoriasis who were registered in 2007. Comorbidities were identified using software based on a morbidity‐based risk adjustment model. A total of 138,338 patients with a diagnosis of psoriasis were identified in the database, yielding a prevalence of 2.1%. Within this group there were 4,499 children and adolescents (≤18 years of age), a prevalence of 0.4%. The prevalence ranged from 0.1% at the age of 1 year to 0.8% at the age of 18 years. Most of the patients were treated with topical corticosteroids (72.2%) and antipsoriatics (e.g., tars, psoralen; 20.0%). Immunosuppressants were used in 3.3% of the cases. Juvenile psoriasis was associated with numerous significant comorbidities such as rheumatoid arthritis and inflammation (2.1%); delirium, psychosis, and psychotic and dissociative disorder (1.1%); and heart disease (0.6%). Our study demonstrated that psoriasis is more prevalent in children and adolescents than some older international investigations have documented. Analysis of the health insurance data showed that juvenile psoriasis is associated with a range of comorbidities. The data also may suggest an unrecognized burden of mental health problems in young persons with psoriasis.
Wittgenstein and the Expression of Feelings in Psychotherapy
Authors: Purton Campbell 
Published: October 2013

AbstractEffective psychotherapy is often held to involve the expression of feelings. Within the person‐centred approach, this view has been especially emphasised by Carl Rogers and Eugene Gendlin. I am concerned with the question of why the expression of feelings can be therapeutically effective. Many psychotherapists picture feelings as “inner experiences” for which the client tries to find appropriate words, but the difficulties with this picture, which were highlighted by Wittgenstein, seem to call for a very different approach. Here, I develop a Wittgensteinian account of the expression of feelings that avoids the difficulties to which Wittgenstein draws attention.
Induced resistance to Botrytis cinerea in Capsicum annuum by a Fusarium crude elicitor fraction, free of proteins
Authors: Veloso J. , Díaz J. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractFusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL) induces resistance in pepper against the airborne pathogen Botrytis cinerea and the soil‐borne pathogen Verticillium dahliae. However, its practical use is limited due to its pathogenicity to other crops. In this study we tested several fractions of a heat‐sterilised crude FOL‐elicitor preparation to protect pepper against B. cinerea and V. dahliae. Only the protein‐free insoluble fraction of the preparation reduced B. cinerea infection. However, none of the fractions reduce V. dahliae symptoms. The insoluble protein‐free fraction induced expression of defence genes in the plant, namely a chitinase (CACHI2), a peroxidase (CAPO1), a sesquiterpene cyclase (CASC1) and a basic PR1 (CABPR1). Even though the CASC1 gene was not induced directly after treatment with the insoluble fraction in the leaves, it was induced after B. cinerea inoculation, showing a priming effect. The insoluble protein‐free FOL‐elicitor protected pepper against the airborne pathogen through a mechanism that involves induced responses in the plant, but different to the living FOL.
Cell proliferation and plant development under novel altered gravity environments
Authors: Herranz R. , Medina F. J. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractGravity is a key factor for life on Earth. It is the only environmental factor that has remained constant throughout evolution, and plants use it to modulate important physiological activities; gravity removal or alteration produces substantial changes in essential functions. For root gravitropism, gravity is sensed in specialised cells, which are capable of detecting magnitudes of the g vector lower than 10−3. Then, the mechanosignal is transduced to upper zones of the root, resulting in changes in the lateral distribution of auxin and in the rate of auxin polar transport. Gravity alteration has consequences for cell growth and proliferation rates in root meristems, which are the basis of the developmental programme of a plant, in which regulation via auxin is involved. The effect is disruption of meristematic competence, i.e. the strict coordination between cell proliferation and growth, which characterises meristematic cells. This effect can be related to changes in the transport and distribution of auxin throughout the root. However, similar effects of gravity alteration have been found in plant cell cultures in vitro, in which neither specialised structures for gravity sensing and signal transduction, nor apparent gravitropism have been described. We postulate that gravity resistance, a general mechanism of cellular origin for developing rigid structures in plants capable of resisting the gravity force, could also be responsible for the changes in cell growth and proliferation parameters detected in non‐specialised cells. The mechanisms of gravitropism and graviresistance are complementary, the first being mostly sensitive to the direction of the gravity vector, and the second to its magnitude. At a global molecular level, the consequence of gravity alteration is that the genome should be finely tuned to counteract a type of stress that plants have never encountered before throughout evolution. Multigene families and redundant genes present an advantage in that they can experience changes without the risk of being deleterious and, for this reason, they should play a key role in the response to gravitational stress.
Insight into the photosynthetic apparatus in evergreen and deciduous European oaks during autumn senescence using OJIP fluorescence transient analysis
Authors: Holland V. , Koller S. , Brüggemann W. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractClimate change is one of the major issues nowadays, and Mediterranean broadleaf species have been suggested to fill possible future gaps created by climate change in Central European forests. To provide a scientific‐based foundation for such practical strategies, it is important to obtain a general idea about differences and similarities in the physiology of Central European and Mediterranean species. In the present study, we evaluated the onset of leaf senescence of a broad spectrum of oak species under the Central European climate in a common garden experiment. Degradation of the photosynthetic apparatus of evergreen (Quercus ilex, Q. suber), semi‐evergreen (Q. × turneri, Q. × hispanica) and deciduous oaks (Q. robur, Q. cerris, Q. frainetto, Q. pubescens) was monitored as chlorophyll content and analysed chlorophyll fluorescence induction transients. In the deciduous species, a significant decline in chlorophyll content was observed during autumn/winter, with Q. pubescens showing the slowest decline. Analysis of fluorescence induction transients revealed a significant decline in quantum efficiency of the primary photochemistry and reaction centre density and later, a decrease in quantum efficiency of end acceptor reduction. Alterations in fluorescence parameters were compared to the decline in chlorophyll content, which occurred much more slowly than expected from the fluorescence data. The evergreen species showed no decline in chlorophyll content, nor different chlorophyll a fluorescence induction behaviour despite temperature falling below 0 °C. The hybrids showed intermediate behaviour between their parental evergreen and deciduous taxa.
Probabilistic Strategies for Familial DNA Searching
Authors: Slooten Klaas , Meester Ronald 
Published: October 2013

SummaryFamilial searching is the process of searching in a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) database for relatives of a certain individual. Typically, this individual is the source of a crime stain that can be reasonably attributed to the offender. If this crime stain has not given rise to a match in a DNA database, then in some jurisdictions a familial search may be carried out to attempt to identify a relative of the offender, thus giving investigators a lead. We discuss two methods to select a subset from the database that contains a relative (if present) with a probability that we can control. The first method is based on a derivation of the likelihood ratio for each database member in favour of being the relative, taking all DNA profiles in the database into account. This method needs prior probabilities and yields posterior probabilities. The second method is based on case-specific false positive and false negative rates. We discuss the relationship between the approaches and assess the methods with familial searching carried out in the Dutch national DNA database. We also give practical recommendations on the usefulness of both methods.
Storm‐dominated shelf‐edge delta successions in a high accommodation setting: The palaeo‐Orinoco Delta (Mayaro Formation), Columbus Basin, South‐East Trinidad
Authors: Bowman Andrew P. , Johnson Howard D. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractPliocene age deposits of the palaeo‐Orinoco Delta are evaluated in the Mayaro Formation, which crops out along the western margin of the Columbus Basin in south‐east Trinidad. This sandstone‐dominated interval records the diachronous, basinwards migration of the shelf edge of the palaeo‐Orinoco Delta, as it prograded eastwards during the Pliocene–Pleistocene (ca 3·5 Ma). The basin setting was characterized by exceptionally high rates of growth‐fault controlled sediment supply and accommodation space creation resulting in a gross basin‐fill of around 12 km, with some of the highest subsidence rates in the world (ca 5 to 10 m ka−1). This analysis demonstrates that the Mayaro Formation was deposited within large and mainly wave‐influenced shelf‐edge deltas. These are manifested as multiple stacks of coarsening upward parasequences at scales ranging from tens to hundreds of metres in thickness, which are dominated by storm‐influenced and wave‐influenced proximal delta‐front sandstones with extensive, amalgamated swaley and hummocky cross‐stratification. These proximal delta‐front successions pass gradationally downwards into 10s to 100 m thick distal delta front to mud‐dominated upper slope deposits characterized by a wide variety of sedimentary processes, including distal river flood and storm‐related currents, slumps and other gravity flows. Isolated and subordinate sandstone bodies occur as gully fills, while extensive soft sediment deformation attests to the high sedimentation rates along a slope within a tectonically active basin. The vertical stratigraphic organization of the facies associations, together with the often cryptic nature of parasequence stacking patterns and sequence stratigraphic surfaces, are the combined product of the rapid rates of accommodation space creation, high rates of sediment supply and glacio‐eustasy in the 40 to 100 Ka Milankovitch frequency range. The stratigraphic framework described herein contrasts strikingly with that described from passive continental margins, but compares favourably to other tectonically active, deltaic settings (for example, the Baram Delta Province of north‐west Borneo).
Differing Domains of Actual Sibling Conflict Discussions and Associations with Conflict Styles and Relationship Quality
Authors: Campione‐Barr Nicole , Bassett Greer Kelly , Schwab Kayla , Kruse Anna 
Published: October 2013

AbstractFour types of sibling conflict were identified in actual adolescent sibling discussions: equality and fairness, invasion of the personal domain, intrinsic harm, and relationships. Older [M = 14.97, standard deviation (SD) = 1.69 years] and younger siblings (M = 12.20, SD = 1.90 years) from 144 dyads discussed conflicts during a semi‐structured conflict task. Trained observers coded the topics discussed, and separate observers rated their conflict styles, whereas siblings rated their relationship quality. The proportion of conflicts of each domain differed by dyadic gender composition. Equality and fairness conflicts (and invasion of the personal domain conflicts for sister–sister pairs) were discussed the most frequently whereas intrinsic harm conflicts were associated with destructive conflict styles. Siblings' discussions of conflicts involving intrinsic harm were associated with older siblings' reports of negative relationship quality. The associations between these conflict topics and negative relationship quality were mediated by the siblings discussing the conflicts in destructive ways.
Patient care pathways under the model of integrating tuberculosis service with general hospitals in China
Authors: Wei Xiaolin , Yin Jia , Zou Guanyang , Walley John , Zhong Jiemign , Chen Songhua , Sun Qiang , Wang Xiaoming 
Published: October 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo report care pathways of tuberculosis (TB) patients under the integrated model, where TB clinical service is provided by a general hospital instead of the TB dispensary, with the aim of providing policy recommendations for TB care reforms in China.MethodsSix counties implementing the integrated model were randomly selected, and 50 TB patients in each county participated in a questionnaire survey.ResultsOf the 301 participants, 82 visited only the TB designated hospital. A patient visited a median of two health providers in total. The median external provider delay and internal provider delay were 1 and 0 day, respectively. The median out‐of‐pocket medical costs were US$379 in total; US$293 in the TB units and US$0 in other health units in the TB designated hospital. Logistic regression analyses suggested that patients who visited the primary care facilities first tended to have longer external delays (OR = 5.71) than patients who visited the other hospitals (OR = 10.16).ConclusionThe integrated model is promising as it reported relatively fewer patient pathways and shorter delays than the dispensary model. However, the integrated model did not reduce patient out‐of‐pocket costs.
Diabetes mellitus and tuberculosis: pattern of tuberculosis, two‐month smear conversion and treatment outcomes in Guangzhou, China
Authors: Mi Fengling , Tan Shouyong , Liang Li , Harries Anthony D. , Hinderaker Sven G. , Lin Yan , Yue Wentao , Chen Xi , Liang Bing , Gong Fang , Du Jian 
Published: October 2013

AbstractObjectiveThere is a high burden of both diabetes (DM) and tuberculosis (TB) in China. We evaluated the association between DM and the pattern of disease, 2‐month sputum smear conversion and treatment outcomes of patients with TB in Guangzhou, China.MethodAll patients registered with TB from September 2011 to June 2012 were screened for DM and assessed for treatment outcomes in relation to presence or absence of DM and quality of DM control using patient registers, treatment cards and electronic record systems.ResultsThere were 1589 patients with TB of whom 189 (12%) had DM. Among those with DM, there was a significantly higher proportion of men, persons aged 35 years and older and persons with smear‐positive pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) (P < 0.01). In patients with DM and new smear‐positive PTB, there was a higher proportion who had positive sputum smears at 2 months (21.7% vs. 5.6%, RR 3.85, 95%CI 2.24–6.63), who were lost‐to‐follow‐up (5.2% vs. 1.7%, RR 3.23, 95%CI 1.08–9.63) and who failed treatment (10.3% vs. 2.3%, RR 4.46, 95%CI 1.96–10.18) compared with patients who had no DM. There was no significant association between these adverse outcomes and DM control as measured by 2 and 6‐month fasting blood glucose.ConclusionDiabetes mellitus in new smear‐positive patients with PTB was associated with failure to sputum smear convert at 2 months and adverse treatment outcomes of loss‐to‐follow‐up and failure. Further research is needed to understand the reasons for these findings and to determine whether the current length of treatment of 6 months is adequate.
Evaluation of hair loss in cats occurring after treatment with a topical flea control product
Authors: Credille Kelly M. , Thompson Lori A. , Young Lisa M. , Meyer Jeffery A. , Winkle Joseph R. 
Published: October 2013

BackgroundA formulation containing 39.6% spinetoram resulted in a higher than anticipated number of reports of alopecia at the site of application in the first months following commercial product launch.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo determine the cause of the alopecia using histopathology, including assessment for inflammation, follicular findings of physical trauma (plucking/pulling behaviour) and changes in follicular cycling.AnimalsTwenty‐four flea‐free, male and female adult domestic short hair cats within a private research colony.MethodsCats were treated with a single application of 39.6% spinetoram on day 0; personnel were not blinded. Observations of the skin and hair coat began immediately and were repeated at 30 min and 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 and 12 h post‐application and then on subsequent days at the same time as initial dosing and at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 12 h after that time, until day 5. If hair thinning or loss was observed, a skin biopsy sample was collected. Two cats not exhibiting abnormalities were biopsied on day 6.ResultsThirty‐eight per cent of cats (nine of 24) developed hair thinning and alopecia of sufficient severity within 78 h post‐application of the product to warrant skin biopsy. Abnormalities in the skin were limited to the application site and were consistent with physical trauma (pulling or plucking) to the hair.Conclusions and clinical importanceMicroscopic changes in the hair follicles of affected cats were consistent with self‐induced trauma or barbering behaviour. All changes were reversible and paralleled findings associated with well‐established, topical flea control products.
Understanding the Flow Behavior in a Low Hub-Tip Ratio, High Aspect Ratio Contra-Rotating Axial Fan Stage
Authors: Mistry Chetan S. , Pradeep A. M. 
Published: October 2013

This paper discusses the results of a parametric study of a pair of contra-rotating axial fan rotors. The rotors were designed to deliver a mass flow of 6 kg/s at 2400 rpm. The blades were designed with a low hub-tip ratio of 0.35 and an aspect ratio of 3.0. Numerical and experimental studies were carried out on these contra-rotating rotors operating at a Reynolds number of 1.25 × 105 (based on blade chord). The axial spacing between the rotors was varied between 50 to 120 % of the chord of rotor 1. The performance of the rotors was evaluated at each of these spacing at design and off-design speeds. The results from the numerical study (using ANSYS CFX) were validated using experimental data. In spite of certain limitations of CFD under certain operating conditions, it was observed that the results agreed well with those from the experiments.
The performance of the fan was evaluated based on the variations of total pressure, velocity components and flow angles at design and off-design operating conditions. The measurement of total pressure, flow angles etc. are taken upstream of the first rotor, between the two rotors and downstream of the second rotor. It was observed that the aerodynamics of the flow through a contra rotating stage is significantly influenced by the axial spacing between the rotors and the speed ratio of the rotors. With increasing speed ratios, the strong suction generated by the second rotor, improves the stage pressure rise and the stall margin. Lower axial spacing on the other hand, changes the flow incidence to the second rotor and thereby improves the overall performance of the stage. The performance is investigated at different speed ratios of the rotors at varying axial spacing.