bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep seismic reflection images of the Wharton Basin oceanic crust and uppermost mantle offshore Northern Sumatra: Relation with active and past deformation
Authors: Carton Hélène , Singh Satish C. , Hananto Nugroho D. , Martin James , Djajadihardja Yusuf S. , Udrekh  , Franke Dieter , Gaedicke Christoph 
Published: December 2013

AbstractWe present deep seismic reflection images along two profiles collected in 2006 in the Wharton Basin offshore Northern Sumatra. The main profile is located subparallel to the Sumatran trench at a distance of 32–66 km. Faulting of the entire sedimentary section (strike‐slip deformation sometimes accompanied by a dip‐slip component) is imaged over two fracture zones of the extinct Wharton Spreading Center that prior studies have shown to be reactivated as left‐lateral faults. The western fracture zone is associated with a wide region of strong basement topography, a difference in crustal thickness of ~1.5 km, and an age offset of 9 Ma. The epicenters of the 11 April 2012 Mw 8.6 great strike‐slip earthquake, its Mw 7.2 foreshock, and Mw 8.2 aftershock align along this major structure > 100 km south of the profile intersection. Our high‐quality long‐offset seismic reflection data also reveal bright dipping reflections extending down to a maximum of ~24 km into the oceanic mantle (~37 km below sea level). Apparent dips are mostly 25–35°, corresponding to 30–55° along either N‐S to NNE‐SSW or E‐W to WNW‐ESE directions, which encompass the directions of plate fabric and nodal planes of the Mw 8.6 event. We suggest that these enigmatic reflections arise from presently inactive dip‐slip fault planes reaching for the deepest ones to the base of the brittle layer. Possible origins include extension related to plate bending or an episode of now inactive thrust‐type deformation reactivating paleonormal faults, similar to that taking place in the Central Indian Basin.
Lunar heat flow: Regional prospective of the Apollo landing sites
Authors: Siegler M. A. , Smrekar S. E. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractWe reexamine the Apollo Heat Flow Experiment in light of new orbital data. Using three‐dimensional thermal conduction models, we examine effects of crustal thickness, density, and radiogenic abundance on measured heat flow values at the Apollo 15 and 17 sites. These models show the importance of regional context on heat flux measurements. We find that measured heat flux can be greatly altered by deep subsurface radiogenic content and crustal density. However, total crustal thickness and the presence of a near‐surface radiogenic‐rich ejecta provide less leverage, representing only minor (<1.5 mW m−2) perturbations on surface heat flux. Using models of the crust implied by Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory results, we found that a roughly 9–13 mW m−2 mantle heat flux best approximate the observed heat flux. This equates to a total mantle heat production of 2.8–4.1 × 1011 W. These heat flow values could imply that the lunar interior is slightly less radiogenic than the Earth's mantle, perhaps implying that a considerable fraction of terrestrial mantle material was incorporated at the time of formation. These results may also imply that heat flux at the crust‐mantle boundary beneath the Procellarum potassium, rare earth element, and phosphorus (KREEP) Terrane (PKT) is anomalously elevated compared to the rest of the Moon. These results also suggest that a limited KREEP‐rich layer exists beneath the PKT crust. If a subcrustal KREEP‐rich layer extends below the Apollo 17 landing site, required mantle heat flux can drop to roughly 7 mW m−2, underlining the need for future heat flux measurements outside of the radiogenic‐rich PKT region.
Single‐event upsets in the Cluster and Double Star Digital Wave Processor instruments
Authors: Yearby K. H. , Balikhin M. , Walker S. N. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractRadiation‐induced upsets are an important issue for electronic circuits operating in space. Upsets due to solar protons, trapped protons, and galactic cosmic rays are frequently observed. Modeling the expected frequency of upsets is a necessary part of the design process for space hardware. The Cluster and Double Star spacecraft were respectively European and Chinese missions dedicated to the study of the wave and particle environment in the Earth's magnetosphere. All four Cluster spacecraft and one Double Star spacecraft included a Digital Wave Processor (DWP) instrument. The primary purpose of this instrument was as the central controller of the Wave Experiment Consortium. This paper investigates the occurrence of radiation‐induced single‐event upsets in these DWP instruments. The memory devices used in the DWP were not specifically radiation‐hardened parts and so are relatively sensitive to single‐event effects. We present the experience gained during the first 11 years of operation of the Cluster mission and the nearly 4 year lifetime of the Double Star TC‐1 spacecraft and compare with models of the radiation environment.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Desulfitative Direct CH Arylation of Electron‐Deficient Polyfluoroarenes with Sodium Arenesulfinates
Authors: Miao Tao , Wang Lei 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe palladium‐catalyzed direct arylation of electron‐deficient polyfluorobenzenes was developed in the presence of silver carbonate and trisodium phosphate. This protocol allowed use of both electron‐deficient and electron‐rich aromatic sulfinic acid sodium salts as arylating reagents for the direct arylation of a variety of polyfluoroarenes to produce fluorobiaryls in good to excellent yields, providing a complement to the existing methods for the direct arylation of polyfluoroarenes.magnified image
Regio‐ and Enantioselective Monoborylation of Alkenylsilanes Catalyzed by an Electron‐Donating Chiral Phosphine–Copper(I) Complex
Authors: Kubota Koji , Yamamoto Eiji , Ito Hajime 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAn asymmetric monoborylation of alkenylsilanes catalyzed by a copper(I) complex with the chiral bisphosphine ligand BenzP* is reported. The reaction proceeded with excellent regioselectivity and high enantioselectivity to afford the corresponding optically active organoboronate esters with a stereogenic CB bond containing a vicinal silyl group. The synthetic utility of the product is demonstrated through stepwise transformations to multifunctional optically active compounds in a stereospecific manner.magnified image
Organocatalyst‐Mediated Dehydrogenation of Aldehydes to α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes, and Oxidative and Enantioselective Reaction of Aldehydes and Nitromethane Catalyzed by Diphenylprolinol Silyl Ether
Authors: Hayashi Yujiro , Itoh Takahiko , Ishikawa Hayato 
Published: December 2013

AbstractA one‐pot transformation of aldehydes into α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes was developed using both N‐benzyl‐N‐methylamine and 2,3‐dichloro‐5,6‐dicyano‐1,4‐benzoquinone (DDQ) as catalysts and MnO2 as a terminal oxidant. An oxidative and enantioselective reaction of aldehydes and nitromethane was established using both diphenylprolinol silyl ether and DDQ as a catalyst with MnO2 as a terminal oxidant, in which synthetically important β‐substituted γ‐nitro aldehydes were obtained with excellent enantioselectivity.magnified image
A Uranium‐Based UO2+–Mn2+ Single‐Chain Magnet Assembled trough Cation–Cation Interactions
Authors: Mougel Victor , Chatelain Lucile , Hermle Johannes , Caciuffo Roberto , Colineau Eric , Tuna Floriana , Magnani Nicola , de Geyer Arnaud , Pécaut Jacques , Mazzanti Marinella 
Published: December 2013

AbstractSingle‐chain magnets (SCMs) are materials composed of magnetically isolated one‐dimensional (1D) units exhibiting slow relaxation of magnetization. The occurrence of SCM behavior requires the fulfillment of stringent conditions for exchange and anisotropy interactions. Herein, we report the synthesis, the structure, and the magnetic characterization of the first actinide‐containing SCM. The 5f–3d heterometallic 1D chains [{[UO2(salen)(py)][M(py)4](NO3)}]n, (M=Cd (1) and M=Mn (2); py=pyridine) are assembled trough cation–cation interaction from the reaction of the uranyl(V) complex [UO2(salen)py][Cp*2Co] (Cp*=pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) with Cd(NO3)2 or Mn(NO3)2 in pyridine. The infinite UMn chain displays a high relaxation barrier of 134±0.8 K (93±0.5 cm−1), probably as a result of strong intra‐chain magnetic interactions combined with the high Ising anisotropy of the uranyl(V) dioxo group. It also exhibits an open magnetic hysteresis loop at T<6 K, with an impressive coercive field of 3.4 T at 2 K.
Helicenes with Embedded Phosphole Units in Enantioselective Gold Catalysis
Authors: Yavari Keihann , Aillard Paul , Zhang Yang , Nuter Frédérick , Retailleau Pascal , Voituriez Arnaud , Marinetti Angela 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThis paper discloses the first uses of phosphahelicenes as chiral ligands in transition‐metal catalysis. Unlike all known helical phosphines used so far in catalysis, the phosphorus function of phosphahelicenes is embedded in the helical structure itself. This crucial structural feature originates unprecedented catalytic behaviors and efficiency. An appropriate design and fine tuning allowed both high catalytic activity and good enantiomeric excesses to be attained in the gold promoted cycloisomerizations of N‐tethered 1,6‐enynes and dien‐ynes.
Chiral Cp‐Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydroarylations of 1,1‐Disubstituted Alkenes
Authors: Ye Baihua , Donets Pavel A. , Cramer Nicolai 
Published: December 2013

AbstractMetal‐catalyzed functionalizations at the ortho position of a directing group have become an efficient bond‐forming strategy. A wide range of transformations that employ Cp*RhIII catalysts have been described, but despite their synthetic potential, enantioselective variants that use chiral versions of the Cp* ligand remain scarce (Cp*=pentamethyl cyclopentadienyl). Cyclopentadienyl compounds with an atropchiral biaryl backbone are shown to be suitable ligands for the efficient intramolecular enantioselective hydroarylation of aryl hydroxamates. Dihydrofurans that bear methyl‐substituted quaternary stereocenters are thus obtained by CH functionalization under mild conditions.
Chromo‐Fluorogenic Detection of Nitroaromatic Explosives by Using Silica Mesoporous Supports Gated with Tetrathiafulvalene Derivatives
Authors: Salinas Yolanda , Solano Marta V. , Sørensen Rebecca E. , Larsen Karina R. , Lycoops Jess , Jeppesen Jan O. , Martínez‐Máñez Ramón , Sancenón Félix , Marcos M. Dolores , Amorós Pedro , Guillem Carmen 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThree new hybrid gated mesoporous materials (SN3‐1, SNH2‐2, and SN3‐3) loaded with the dye [Ru(bipy)3]2+ (bipy=bipyridine) and capped with different tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) derivatives (having different sizes and shapes and incorporating different numbers of sulfur atoms) have been prepared. The materials SN3‐1 and SN3‐3 are functionalized on their external surfaces with the TTF derivatives 1 and 3, respectively, which were attached by employing the “click” chemistry reaction, whereas SNH2‐2 incorporates the TTF derivative 2, which was anchored to the solid through an amidation reaction. The final gated materials have been characterized by standard techniques. Suspensions of these solids in acetonitrile showed “zero release”, most likely because of the formation of dense TTF networks around the pore outlets. The release of the entrapped [Ru(bipy)3]2+ dye from SN3‐1, SNH2‐2, and SN3‐3 was studied in the presence of selected explosives (Tetryl, TNT, TNB, DNT, RDX, PETN, PA, and TATP). SNH2‐2 showed a fairly selective response to Tetryl, whereas for SN3‐1 and SN3‐3 dye release was found to occur with Tetryl, TNT, and TNB. The uncapping process in the three materials can be ascribed to the formation of charge‐transfer complexes between the electron‐donating TTF units and the electron‐accepting nitroaromatic explosives. Finally, solids SNH2‐2 and SN3‐1 have been tested for Tetryl detection in soil with good results, pointing toward a possible use of these or similar hybrid capped materials as probes for the selective chromo‐fluorogenic detection of nitroaromatic explosives.
A Supramolecular Photosynthetic Model Made of a Multiporphyrinic Array Constructed around a C60 Core and a C60–Imidazole Derivative
Authors: Yoosaf K. , Iehl Julien , Nierengarten Iwona , Hmadeh Mohamed , Albrecht‐Gary Anne‐Marie , Nierengarten Jean‐François , Armaroli Nicola 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe photophysical properties of a supramolecular fullerene–porphyrin ensemble resulting from the self‐assembly of a pyrrolidinofullerene–imidazole derivative (F1) with a multimetalloporphyrin array constructed around a hexasubstituted fullerene core (F(ZnP)12) have been investigated. The fullerene hexa‐adduct core of the host system does not play any active role in the cascade of photoinduced events of the supramolecular ensemble, indeed no intercomponent photoinduced processes could be observed in host F(ZnP)12. In contrast, upon axial coordination with the monosubstituted fullerene guest F1, a quantitative quenching of the fluorescence signal of the metalloporphyrins was observed for the supramolecular complex [F(ZnP)12(F1)n] both in polar and nonpolar solvents. In toluene, the supramolecular ensemble exhibits a charge transfer emission centered around 930 nm, suggesting the occurrence of intramolecular face‐to‐face interactions of F1 with neighboring metalloporphyrin moieties within the self‐assembled photoactive array. This mechanism is supported by the fact that a one order of magnitude increase in the binding constant was observed for the supramolecular complex [F(ZnP)12(F1)n] when compared with a reference system lacking the pyrrolidinofullerene unit. In benzonitrile, a long‐lived charge‐separated state (τ=0.3 μs) has been detected for the supramolecular adduct.
Chemische Sensoren in der Bioprozessanalytik
Authors: Demuth Caspar 
Published: December 2013

AbstractZu den wichtigsten chemischen Parametern, die in Bioprozessen überwacht werden, zählen der pH‐Wert und die Konzentration des gelösten Sauerstoffs. Für diese Messgrößen sind seit Jahren bewährte elektrochemische Sensoren im Einsatz. Erst seit kurzem beginnen sich in der Bioprozessanalytik neue Messprinzipien zu etablieren. Dazu zählen optische Sensoren, die sich insbesondere für den Einsatz in Einweg‐Bioreaktoren eignen. Entscheidende Faktoren für Prozess‐Sensoren sind heute nicht nur messtechnische Robustheit und Zuverlässigkeit, sondern auch eine einfache Bedienbarkeit und geringe Instandhaltungskosten.
Eine Boswelliasäure aus Weihrauch
Authors: Leutzsch Markus , Roth Alexander , Steinke Katrin , Sicker Dieter , Siehl Hans‐Ullrich , Schmid Maximilian , Zeller Klaus‐Peter , Berger Stefan 
Published: December 2013

Abstract3‐O‐Acetyl‐11‐keto‐β‐boswelliasäure wurde aus pulverisiertem Weihrauchgranulat extrahiert und durch HPLC gereinigt. Alle analytischen Spektren sind vollständig entweder im Hauptteil oder in der supporting information wiedergegeben. Die NMR‐ sowie die Massenspektren werden eingehend interpretiert und mit theoretischen Berechnungen der 13C‐chemischen Verschiebungen verglichen. Das Projekt stellt eine Fortsetzung des Buches “Classics in Spectroscopy” von S. Berger und D. Sicker (Wiley‐VCH 2009) dar.
Chemie zum Heulen
Authors: Roth Klaus 
Published: December 2013

AbstractDie Ig‐Nobelpreisträger in Chemie 2013 haben eindrucksvoll bewiesen, dass wissenschaftliche Forschung Menschen zunächst zum Lachen, aber dann zum Nachdenken bringen kann. Obwohl ein Studium der Zwiebelchemie komisch klingen mag, brachten uns die wissenschaftlichen Arbeiten der Preisträger der Lösung eines der dringlichsten Probleme der Kochkunst näher: die Tränenreizung beim Schneiden von frischen Zwiebeln. Die Anstrengungen der japanischen Arbeitsgruppe haben deswegen den IgNobelpreis und auch unsere Bewunderung verdient.
Vom “Weizenproblem” zur “Neuen Stickstofffrage”
Authors: Soentgen Jens 
Published: December 2013

AbstractDas 20. Jahrhundert ist ein zentraler Wendepunkt in der Geschichte des Stickstoffs, weil es den bislang größten Eingriff des Menschen in einen natürlichen Stoffkreislauf mit sich gebracht hat. Ein Rätsel und ein Versprechen haben die Stickstoffgeschichte im 20. Jahrhundert maßgeblich bestimmt: Das “Wheat‐Problem”, die Weizenfrage, die der englische Chemiker Thomas Crookes 1896 mit ungeheurer Nachwirkung formulierte und das “Salpeterversprechen” der BASF im Jahre 1914 gegenüber der Heeresleitung des Reiches. Die Zukunft aber wird von der “Neuen Stickstofffrage” bestimmt werden. Doch der Reihe nach.
Forschung am Computer
Authors: Welter Kira 
Published: December 2013

AbstractRechner sind heute ein wichtiges Werkzeug in vielen Chemielabors. Mithilfe geeigneter Computerprogramme können Wissenschaftler hochkomplizierte molekulare Prozesse verstehen und sogar vorhersagen. Den Nobelpreis für Chemie 2013 teilen sich drei Forscher, die die Grundlage für solche Programme gelegt haben. Martin Karplus, Michael Levitt und Arieh Warshel werden für die Entwicklung von Computermodellen ausgezeichnet, die es ermöglichen, die Gesetze der klassischen Physik mit jenen der Quantenmechanik zu vereinigen, um komplexe Prozesse zu simulieren. Mit dem gewonnenen Verständnis können beispielsweise neue Medikamente und Materialien entwickelt, die Wirkung von Katalysatoren vorausberechnet oder die Funktion von Proteinen genauer untersucht werden.
Robust surface reconstruction of teeth from raw pointsets
Authors: Mao Zhihong , Park Kyusic , Lee Kunwoo , Li Xiongbing 
Published: December 2013

SUMMARYThis paper discusses a 3D robust dental surface reconstruction method. The surface reconstruction method usually consists of the following stages: mesh generation, surface registration, and surface merging. A large amount of noise will be accumulated after these three processes especially for the dental model with many sharp features of high curvature. To obtain an accurate dental surface, this paper first strengthens the mesh generation and the surface registration using optimal parameters. Then, a 3D robust dental surface reconstruction is performed by iteratively executing the smallest univalue segment assimilating nucleus filtering method and the surface attraction method. Finally, virtual scanning and real scanning models are introduced to validate the accuracy of the presented method. The experiments show that our method can robustly reconstruct the 3D dental model. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of Contact Structure for Woven Electronic Textile Using Conductive Polymer Micro‐Cantilever Array
Authors: Yamashita Takahiro , Khumpuang Sommawan , Miyake Koji , Itoh Toshihiro 
Published: December 2013

SUMMARYA conductive polymer‐coated micro‐cantilever array made by the reel‐to‐reel continuous fiber process for use as an electrical contact component for woven electronic textile was investigated. We report a novel cantilever releasing method using air injection and the results of patternable CYTOP and organic conductive polymer using the nanoimprinting method. The conductive organic material used in this study was PEDOT:PSS [poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(4‐styrenesulfonate)]. A micro‐cantilever contact array was realized to compose the electrical circuit through the large area woven textile. A contact resistance of 480 Ω was maintained for over 500 times. Contact resistance measurements revealed that an electric current begins to flow with smaller contact force in PEDOT:PSS‐coated cantilever array structure than in PEDOT:PSS film structure. There is no appreciable wear on the cantilever surface due to its movability after 103 cycles of contact testing with 0.5 N contact force. Based on these results, PEDOT:PSS‐coated micro‐cantilever arrays have excellent potential as electrical contact components between weft and warp for woven electronic textiles. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 97(1): 48–53, 2014; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.11485
An Application of Fictitious Reference Iterative Tuning to State Feedback Control
Authors: Matsui Yoshihiro , Akamatsu Shunichi , Kimura Tomohiko , Nakano Kazushi , Sakurama Kazunori 
Published: December 2013

SUMMARYThis paper proposes the use of the fictitious reference iterative tuning (FRIT) method, which has been developed for controller gain tuning in single‐input single‐output systems, in state feedback gain tuning for a single‐input multivariable system. The transient response data for a single‐input multivariable plant obtained in closed‐loop operation is used for model matching by FRIT in the time domain. The data is also used in the frequency domain to estimate the stability and improve the control performance of the closed‐loop system with the state feedback gain tuned by the FRIT method. The FRIT method is applied to a state feedback control system for an inverted pendulum with an inertial rotor, and its usefulness is illustrated through experiments. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 97(1): 1–11, 2014; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.11506
Changes in evapotranspiration following wildfire in resprouting eucalypt forests
Authors: Nolan Rachael H. , Lane Patrick N. J. , Benyon Richard G. , Bradstock Ross A. , Mitchell Patrick J. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTForests that recover from disturbance predominately via vegetative resprouting may be expected to have different catchment water balance dynamics following wildfire than forests recovering from seed. However, the impacts of wildfire on forest water use are largely unknown in resprouting forest types. This is despite their dominance across the majority of southern Australia's forested catchments and the large areas burnt in recent years. We hypothesized that postfire changes in evapotranspiration (Et) would be a function of fire severity and topography and that partitioning of Et would change after fire because of altered stand structure. We tested these hypotheses by monitoring Et and component fluxes across different topographic positions and fire severities in a mixed eucalypt species forest located in water supply catchments for the city of Melbourne. For this forest type, wildfire triggers vegetative resprouting from lignotubers and epicormic shoots on the bole and branches of the overstorey trees, in addition to prolific seedling germination. Monitoring was undertaken over 1–3 years following the 2009 Black Saturday wildfires. We found that Et was on average 41% lower in forest burnt at high severity compared with unburnt forest, whereas Et from forest burnt at moderate severity was only 3% lower than unburnt forest over 1–2 years postfire but on average 9% higher over 2–3 years postfire. Et losses were driven by tree and shrub mortality in conjunction with lower transpiration in surviving trees. Lower Et was partially offset by regenerating seedlings that drove increases in forest floor Et and interception loss. Finally, we found that topography, through its effects on evaporative demand and forest structure, was a strong determinant of total Et but did not affect the nature of postfire recovery. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Iron‐Catalyzed π‐Activated C–O Ether Bond Cleavage with C–C and C–H Bond Formation
Authors: Fan Xiaohui , Cui Xiao‐Meng , Guan Yong‐Hong , Fu Lin‐An , Lv Hao , Guo Kun , Zhu Hong‐Bo 
Published: December 2013

AbstractA novel and efficient allylic alkylation reaction between π‐activated ethers and allylsilane was realized under mild conditions through iron(III)‐catalyzed C–O ether bond cleavage. The present protocol provides an attractive approach for the construction of sp3–sp3 C–C bonds and can be potentially applied for the selective reduction of benzyl and allyl ethers to their corresponding hydrocarbon compounds by using triethylsilane as a hydride‐transfer reagent.