bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic review: gastric cancer incidence in pernicious anaemia
Authors: Vannella L. , Lahner E. , Osborn J. , Annibale B. 
Published: December 2012

SummaryBackgroundPernicious anaemia (PA) has an increased risk for gastric cancer (GC). It is not established whether PA patients need to undergo endoscopic/histological follow‐up.AimTo provide a systematic overview of the literature on PA and the development of gastric cancer, to estimate the gastric cancer incidence‐rate.MethodsAccording to PRISMA, we identified studies on PA patients reporting the incidence of gastric cancer. Quality of studies was evaluated using the Newcastle‐Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. Meta‐analysis on annual gastric cancer incidence rates was performed.ResultsTwenty‐seven studies met eligibility criteria. 7 studies were of high, 6 of medium, 10 of low and 4 of very low quality. Gastric cancer incidence‐rates ranged from 0% to 0.2% per person‐years in 7 American, from 0% to 0.5% in 2 Asiatic, from 0% to 1.2% in 11 Northern European studies and from 0% to 0.9% in 7 studies from other European countries. The incidence‐rates of gastric cancer ranged from 0% to 1.2% per person‐years in studies which used gastroscopy, from 0.1% to 0.9% in those based on International Classification of Disease. Heterogeneity between studies was not statistically significant at the 5% level (Chi‐squared test = 17.9, P = 0.08). The calculated pooled gastric cancer incidence‐rate was 0.27% per person‐years. Meta‐analysis showed overall gastric cancer relative risk in PA as 6.8 (95% CI: 2.6–18.1).ConclusionsThis systematic review shows a pooled gastric cancer incidence‐rate in pernicious anaemia of 0.27% per person‐years and an estimated nearly sevenfold relative risk of gastric cancer in pernicious anaemia patients. Further high quality studies are needed to confirm this higher risk.
Effects of Perceptually Rich Manipulatives on Preschoolers' Counting Performance: Established Knowledge Counts
Authors: Petersen Lori A. , McNeil Nicole M. 
Published: December 2012

Educators often use concrete objects to help children understand mathematics concepts. However, findings on the effectiveness of concrete objects are mixed. The present study examined how two factors—perceptual richness and established knowledge of the objects—combine to influence children's counting performance. In two experiments, preschoolers (N = 133; Mage = 3;10) were randomly assigned to counting tasks that used one of four types of objects in a 2 (perceptual richness: high or low) × 2 (established knowledge: high or low) factorial design. Findings suggest that perceptually rich objects facilitate children's performance when children have low knowledge of the objects but hinder performance when children have high knowledge of the objects.
Gene expression profiling of endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS)‐derived cytological fine needle aspirates from hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes in non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Lee R. , Cousins D. J. , Ortiz‐Zapater E. , Breen R. , McLean E. , Santis G. 
Published: December 2012

R. Lee, D. J. Cousins, E. Ortiz‐Zapater, R. Breen, E. McLean and G. Santis  Gene expression profiling of endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS)‐derived cytological fine needle aspirates from hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes in non‐small cell lung cancerObjective:  Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) allows minimally invasive sampling of hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes and has an established role in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) diagnosis and staging. Molecular biomarkers are being explored increasingly in lung cancer research. Gene expression profiling (GEP) is a microarray‐based technology that comprehensively assesses genome‐wide changes in gene expression that can provide tumour‐specific molecular signatures with the potential to predict prognosis and treatment responsiveness. We assessed the feasibility of using EBUS‐derived aspirates from benign and tumour‐infiltrated lymph nodes for GEP.Methods:  RNA was extracted from EBUS‐directed transbronchial fine needle aspiration samples in routine clinical practice. GEP was subsequently performed in six patients with NSCLC, three of whom had tumour‐infiltrated nodes and three who had benign lymph nodes; the differences in gene expression were then compared.Results:  RNA was successfully extracted in 29 of 32 patients, 12 of whom were diagnosed with NSCLC. RNA yield (median, 12.1 μg) and RNA integrity (median, 6.3) were sufficient after amplification for GEP. Benign and malignant nodes in adenocarcinoma were discriminated by principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering with different expression patterns between malignant and benign nodes.Conclusion:  We have demonstrated the feasibility of RNA extraction and GEP on EBUS‐derived transbronchial fine needle aspirates from benign and tumour‐infiltrated lymph nodes in patients with known NSCLC in routine clinical practice. Further studies on larger patient cohorts are required to identify expression profiles that robustly differentiate benign from malignant lymph nodes in NSCLC.
mRNA surveillance and endoplasmic reticulum quality control processes alter biogenesis of mutant GABAA receptor subunits associated with genetic epilepsies
Authors: Macdonald Robert L. , Kang Jing‐Qiong 
Published: December 2012

SummaryPrevious studies from our and other groups have demonstrated that the majority of γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)A receptor subunit mutations produce mutant subunits with impaired biogenesis and trafficking. These GABAA receptor mutations include missense, nonsense, deletion, or insertion mutations that result in a frameshift with premature translation‐termination codons (PTCs) and splice‐site mutations. Frameshift or splice‐site mutations produce mutant proteins with PTCs, thus generating nonfunctional truncated proteins. All of these mutant GABAA receptor subunits are subject to cellular quality control at the messenger RNA (mRNA) or protein level. These quality‐control checkpoints shape the cell’s response to the presence of the mutant subunits and attempt to reduce the impact of the mutant subunit on GABAA receptor expression and function. The check points prevent nonfunctioning or malfunctioning GABAA receptor subunits from trafficking to the cell surface or to synapses, and help to ensure that the receptor channels trafficked to the membrane and synapses are indeed functional. However, if and how these quality control or check points impact the posttranslational modifications of functional GABAA receptor channels such as receptor phosphorylation and ubiquitination and their involvement in mediating GABAergic inhibitory synaptic strength needs to be investigated in the near future.
Molecular pathways controlling inhibitory receptor expression
Authors: Grabenstatter Heidi L. , Russek Shelley J. , Brooks‐Kayal Amy R. 
Published: December 2012

SummaryEpilepsy is a disease of complex etiology, and multiple molecular mechanisms contribute to its development. Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) may result from an initial precipitating event such as hypoxia, head injury, or prolonged seizure (i.e., status epilepticus [SE]), that is followed by a latent period of months to years before spontaneous seizures occur. γ‐Aminobutyric acid (GABA)A receptor (GABAAR) subunit changes occur during this latent period and may persist following the onset of spontaneous seizures. Research into the molecular mechanisms regulating these changes and potential targets for intervention to reverse GABAAR subunit alterations have uncovered seizure‐induced pathways that contribute to epileptogenesis. Several growth or transcription factors are known to be activated by SE, including (but not limited to): brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), inducible cAMP early repressor (ICER), and early growth response factors (Egrs). Results of multiple studies suggest that these factors transcriptionally regulate GABAAR subunit gene expression in a way that is pertinent to the development of epilepsy. This article focuses on these signaling elements and describes their possible roles in gene regulatory pathways that may be critical in the development of chronic epilepsy.
Defence Cheats Can Degrade Protection of Chemically Defended Prey
Authors: S. Jones Rebecca , C. Davis Sian , Speed Michael P. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractMany species defend themselves against enemies using repellent chemicals. An important but unanswered question is why investment in chemical defence is often variable within prey populations. One explanation is that some prey benefit by cheating, paying no costs of defence, but gaining a reduced attack rate because of the presence of defended conspecifics. Two important assumptions about predator behaviour must be met to explain cheating as a stable strategy: first, predators increase attack rates as cheats increase in frequency; second, defended prey survive attacks better than non‐defended conspecifics. We lack data from wild predators that evaluate these hypotheses. Here, we examine how changes in the frequency of non‐defended ‘cheats’ affect predation by wild birds on a group of otherwise defended prey. We presented mealworm larvae that were either edible (‘cheats’) or unpalatable (bitter tasting), and varied the proportion of cheats from 0 to 1 by increments of 0.25. We found strong frequency‐dependent effects on the birds' foraging behaviour, with the proportion of prey attacked increasing nonlinearly with the frequency of cheats. We did not, however, observe that birds taste‐rejected defended prey at the site of capture. One explanation is that wild birds may not assess prey palatability at the site of capture, but do this elsewhere. If so, defended and undefended prey may pay high costs of initial attack and relocation away from ecologically favourable locations. Alternatively, defended prey may not be taste‐rejected because with acute time constraints, wild birds do not have time to make fine‐grained decisions during feeding. We discuss the data in relation to the evolutionary ecology of prey defences.
Flexible Spatial Orientation and Navigational Strategies in Chambered Nautilus
Authors: Crook Robyn J. , Basil Jennifer A. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractNautilus is a remnant of an externally shelled cephalopod lineage that flourished between 450 and 60 million years ago. It is a deep‐water scavenger that lacks the complex brain and behavioural repertoire of its soft‐bodied relatives, the coleoid cephalopods. Nautilus makes repeated, nightly migrations from deep to shallow water along coral reef slopes to forage, thus an ability to navigate to known locations may be selectively advantageous. Alternatively, drifting passively with the current may be sufficient to locate food and mates distributed randomly over a large area. The derived neural structures that support learning and memory in coleoids are absent from the nautilus brain, indicating that substantial differences between learning abilities in nautilus and coleoids are likely. However, our previous work has demonstrated both associative and spatial learning in nautilus. In laboratory experiments, we tested whetherNautilus pompiliuscould learn to navigate towards a goal location using either visual cues or motor responses. Results indicate that animals relied both on proximate and distant visual cues to orient but did not use egocentric cues, a somewhat surprising finding given that nautilus spends most of its time in near darkness. Animals learned visual information rapidly and in some cases were able to switch to other tactics when salient visual cues were removed or manipulated.
Statics‐preserving projection filtering
Authors: Traonmilin Yann , Gulunay Necati 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTProjection filtering has been used for many years in seismic processing as a tool to extract a signal out of noisy data. The effectiveness of projection filtering reaches a limit when seismic events are affected by static shifts. Such shifts degrade the lateral coherency of the data, which is the strongest assumption made by projection filtering. We propose an algorithm to estimate projection filters and static shifts simultaneously in order to perform noise attenuation in the presence of static shifts in the data. We then show results on synthetic and real data to demonstrate the denoising capabilities of our algorithm.
Effects of a nursing intervention program on the depression and perception of family functioning of mothers with intellectually disabled children
Authors: Yıldırım Arzu , Hacıhasanoğlu Aşılar Rabia , Karakurt Papatya 
Published: December 2012

Aims and objectivesThis study was conducted to examine the effect of psychosocial education provided to mothers with intellectually disabled children on the risk of depression and perception of family functioning in those mothers.BackgroundFamilies with intellectually disabled children need encouragement, support and training to more actively participate in their children's education and to positively affect their children's growth and development.DesignRandomised controlled study.MethodsThe study included the mothers of 75 intellectually disabled children (40 intervention, 35 control). The mothers in the intervention group who participated in a routine program at private education and rehabilitation centres attended four different psychosocial educational sessions. Sessions were conducted once a week for four weeks and lasted 120 minutes. The control group attended only the routine program of the private education and rehabilitation centre.ResultsOur study results showed that after completion of the educational program, there was a greater decrease in the risk for depression in the intervention group when compared to the control group, and the former perceived their family functions better. These differences were statistically significant (p < 0·001).ConclusionsThe education given by nurses to mothers who have children with intellectual disabilities may be effective in reducing the risk for depression and in increasing the perception of healthy family functioning.Relevance to clinical practicePsychosocial nursing education program can contribute to the use of evidence‐based education strategies in nursing practice to improve the mental health for mothers with intellectually disabled children.
Contributing to a Vibrant Countryside? The Impact of Side Activities on Rural Development
Authors: Markantoni Marianna , Koster Sierdjan , Strijker Dirk , Woolvin Mike 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis paper focuses on the side activities of non‐farmers in rural areas in the Netherlands and more specifically on their impact on rural development. Empirical evidence from 36 Dutch municipalities on three key aspects was examined: economy, social and physical environment. The findings indicate that although side activities do not have a large direct impact on the local economy and employment, their contribution in terms of local collaboration and promoting rural tourism is highly valued. Furthermore, side activities have an important role in building and strengthening social capital in rural communities. Where their impacts on physical environment is concerned, side activities are not perceived to damage or alter rural morphology but are considered a reinforcement of the character of rural areas.
Bayesian Hierarchical Semiparametric Modelling of Longitudinal Post-Treatment Outcomes from Open Enrolment Therapy Groups
Authors: Paddock Susan M. , Savitsky Terrance D. 
Published: December 2012

SummaryThere are several challenges to testing the effectiveness of group-therapy-based interventions in alcohol and other drug use treatment settings. Enrolment into alcohol and other drug use therapy groups typically occurs on an open (rolling) basis. Changes in therapy group membership induce a complex correlation structure between client outcomes, with relatively small numbers of clients attending each therapy group session. Primary outcomes are measured post treatment, so each datum reflects the effect of all sessions attended by a client. The number of post-treatment outcomes assessments is typically very limited. The first feature of our modelling approach relaxes the assumption of independent random effects in the standard multiple-membership model by employing conditional auto-regression to model correlation in random-therapy-group session effects associated with clients’ attendance of common group therapy sessions. A second feature specifies a longitudinal growth model under which the posterior distribution of client-specific random effects, or growth parameters, is modelled non-parametrically. The Dirichlet process prior helps to overcome limitations of standard parametric growth models given limited numbers of longitudinal assessments. We motivate and illustrate our approach with a data set from a study of group cognitive behavioural therapy to reduce depressive symptoms among residential alcohol and other drug use treatment clients.
SOLIDARITY AND TRADITION IN GADAMER'S HERMENEUTICS
Authors: WARNKE GEORGIA 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTCommentators have compared Hans‐Georg Gadamer's focus on tradition in Truth and Method to his focus on solidarity in his later work in order to suggest that the latter signals a move away from ontological toward ethical and political concerns. This paper, however, is guided by Gadamer's own view that his work, both early, late, and in Truth and Method, was always concerned with ethical and political issues. I therefore want to challenge the idea that his so‐called politics of solidarity marks a new direction in his work. His politics of solidarity does mark a new direction in discussions of solidarity insofar as he disconnects it from any necessary grounding in preexisting affinities such as religion and nationality. Gadamer's later work may also be more explicitly concerned with the question of differences and the other than is Truth and Method. Nevertheless, I want to argue that rather than signaling a new direction for Gadamer, both his politics of solidarity and his concern with otherness highlight important features already present in his earlier account of tradition. Indeed, I think attention to this earlier account discloses a political dimension to Gadamer's thought that is more sophisticated than his remarks on solidarity. Attention to this dimension of his earlier account allows us to challenge the now standard objection that it undermines possibilities for critical reflection.
Assessment of Acetabular Cup Positioning from a Lateral Radiographic Projection after Total Hip Replacement
Authors: Aman Anna M. , Wendelburg Kirk L. 
Published: December 2012

ObjectiveTo demonstrate first that a ventrodorsal radiographic (VDR) projection is inadequate for obtaining accurate acetabular cup position (ACP) measurements after total hip replacement (THR), and second to validate use of the lateral radiographic (LR) projection to measureACP.Study DesignIn vitrostudy.MethodsElevenVDRs were obtained after insertion of a cup into the acetabulum of aSawbones pelvis fixed at an approximated angle. For eachVDR, the pelvis was placed in varying degrees of craniocaudal pelvic tilt (CCPT). FifteenLRs were obtained of aSawbones pelvis with varyingACPs. Five blinded observers made previously described measurements ofACPon eachVDRand angle of lateral opening (ALO) and coronal retroversion (CR) on eachLR.ResultsAn almost perfect level of agreement was observed between 5 observers for the repeatability of bothVDRandLRmeasurements. When varying degrees ofCCPTwere introduced, there was no agreement in the measurements ofACPfromVDRs. In all cases, and at allACPs, measurements taken fromLRs were in agreement.ConclusionUndetectableCCPTcauses significant variability inACPmeasurements onVDRs predisposing postoperative radiographic measurements to inaccuracy. Measurements obtained from anLRofCRandALOare accurate and consistent between observers and it should be used to measureACP. TheVDRshould be performed to assess bone and implant integrity but not to obtain measurements ofACPbecause ofCCPTcausing measurements to be unreliable. Measurements ofACPobtained from anLRin conjunction with femoral anteversion may allow for investigation of the influence ofACPon coxofemoral joint luxation afterTHR.
Politólogos on the Run: Contrasting Paths to Internationalization of Southern Cone Political Scientists
Authors: Freidenberg Flavia , Malamud Andrés 
Published: December 2012

AbstractPolitical scientists from the Southern Cone have enriched the discipline with pioneering work. Many of them went into exile for political reasons, and thus produced part of their work abroad. Although Latin American political science has professionalized since the 1980s, many scholars still emigrate for study and employment. Argentines most numerously seek academic careers abroad, while Brazil has many more domestic doctorates and returns home after doctoral studies abroad. Uruguayans emigrate in proportionally high numbers and tend to settle in Latin American countries, while the number of Chileans and Paraguayans abroad is minimal. These contrasting patterns are explained by reference to factors such as the availability of high-quality doctoral courses, financing for postgraduate studies, and the absorptive capacity of national academic markets. Paradoxically, the size and performance of the diasporas may increase rather than reduce the visibility and impact of national political science communities.
Non‐Invasive Intracranial Pressure Monitoring with Transcranial Doppler in a Patient with Progressive Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis
Authors: Wakerley Benjamin , Yohana Kusuma , Luen Teoh Hock , Tan Clement W. , Chan Bernard P.L. , Sharma Vijay K. 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTIn many intracranial disease states, monitoring of intracranial pressure (ICP) is essential to evaluate response to the therapeutic measures as well as estimation of prognosis. Although, direct estimation of ICP is reliable, it is invasive and not possible in all patients. Transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasonography is a bedside and noninvasive technique that provides reliable and real‐time information about cerebral hemodynamics. We present a case of extensive and progressive cerebral venous sinus thrombosis in which TCD served as an excellent tool for monitoring ICP and the serial observations correlated closely with clinical status and ophthalmological findings.
Tea for Three: Of Infusions and Inferences and Milk in First
Authors: Senn Stephen 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA statistician, an algologist and a biochemist sat down to a nice cup of tea. The algologist would not drink hers. It sounds like the start of a bad joke. It was actually the beginning – the rather romantic beginning – of proper design and analysis of experiments. Stephen Senn considers how that time-honoured British institution, the tea-break, inspired R. A. Fisher to an approach which still raises questions today.