bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypovitaminosis D is associated with lower urinary tract symptoms and benign prostate hyperplasia in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Caretta N. , Vigili de Kreutzenberg S. , Valente U. , Guarneri G. , Pizzol D. , Ferlin A. , Avogaro A. , Foresta C. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryLower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) may develop more commonly in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). LUTS are often associated with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), in general population. An association between LUTS and hypovitaminosis D, and between hypovitaminosis D and type 2 diabetes (T2DM), has also been suggested. Thus, we aim to evaluate possible relationships between hypovitaminosis D, LUTS, and BPH in T2DM men. In this prospective observational study, 67 T2DM males (57.9 ± 9.28 years) underwent medical history collection, International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) questionnaire, that allows the identification and grading of LUTS, physical examination, biochemical/hormonal blood tests (fasting plasma glucose, glycated haemoglobin, total cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, creatinine, LH, total testosterone, estradiol (E2), 25‐OH‐vitamin D, PTH, calcium, phosphate, and PSA) and ultrasound transrectal prostate examination. Subdividing patients into three groups, on the base of 25‐OH‐vitamin D concentration (sufficiency ≥50; insufficiency >25 < 50; and deficiency ≤25 nm), a significant progressive increase of prostate volume (p = 0.037), IPSS score (p = 0.019), diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.018), and a significant decrease in HDL cholesterol (p = 0.038) were observed. 25‐OH‐Vitamin D levels were inversely correlated with both IPSS (R = −0.333; p = 0.006) and prostate volume (R = −0.311; p = 0.011). At multivariate analysis, hypovitaminosis D remained an independent predictor of both IPSS and prostate volume. In conclusion, we showed, for the first time, an association between 25‐OH‐vitamin D deficiency, LUTS, and BPH in T2DM men.
Preeclampsia in pregnancies with and without diabetes: the associations with placental weight. A population study of 655 842 pregnancies
Authors: Dypvik Johanne , Strøm‐Roum Ellen M. , Haavaldsen Camilla , Vatten Lars J. , Eskild Anne 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIntroductionWomen with diabetes are at increased risk of preeclampsia, and women with diabetes tend to deliver placentas and offspring that are large‐for‐gestational‐age. We therefore studied placental weight in preeclamptic pregnancies according to maternal diabetes status.Material and methodsInformation on all singleton births from 1999 through 2010 (n = 655 842) were obtained from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway. We used z‐scores of placental weight to adjust for differences in gestational age at birth between deliveries, and compared the distribution of placental weight z‐scores, in deciles, in preeclamptic pregnancies with and without diabetes, and in non‐preeclamptic pregnancies with and without diabetes.ResultsOverall, the prevalence of preeclampsia was higher in pregnancies with diabetes than in pregnancies without diabetes (9.9% vs. 3.6%). Among preeclamptic pregnancies, having a placental weight in the highest decile was nearly three times more frequent (28.8%) in pregnancies with diabetes than in pregnancies without diabetes (9.8%). In the lowest decile, preeclamptic pregnancies with diabetes were underrepresented (7.5%), and preeclamptic pregnancies without diabetes were overrepresented (13.6%). Among pregnancies with preterm delivery, the above patterns were more pronounced, with 30.1% of the placentas in in preeclamptic pregnancies with diabetes in the highest decile, and 19.5% of the placentas in preeclamptic pregnancies without diabetes in the lowest decile.ConclusionsThese results suggest that women with diabetes who develop preeclampsia have a higher placental weight than other women with preeclampsia or non‐preeclamptic women.
Maternal deaths in Iceland over 25 years
Authors: Birgisdottir Hera , Bjarnadottir Ragnheidur I. , Kristjansdottir Katrin , Geirsson Reynir T. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIntroductionMaternal death, during pregnancy or within 42 and 365 days from the end of pregnancy, was evaluated for a small high‐income nation with comprehensive healthcare.Material and methodsCases were identified using record linkage by running national census information on all deaths of women aged 15–49 years during 1985–2009 against the national birth register and computerized hospital admission files for pregnancy‐related diagnoses as well as actual case records where needed. Death certificates and hospital records were reviewed.ResultsThirty deaths were identified; 26 at ≥22 weeks (= birth) and four earlier in pregnancy. For 107 871 deliveries, the overall mortality was 27.8/100 000. There were five direct deaths (4.6/100 000 deliveries), five indirect deaths (4.6/100 000 deliveries) and 19 coincidental deaths (17.6/100 000 deliveries). Using WHO criteria (direct and indirect in pregnancy or at ≤42 days postpartum) the ratio was 5.6/100 000 deliveries (95% confidence interval 1.1–10.1) and 5.5/100 000 live births (maternal mortality ratio, based on six deaths). Direct deaths were caused by sepsis, severe preeclampsia and choriocarcinoma, indirect by suicide, pre‐existing cardiac and diabetic illness. No woman died of postpartum hemorrhage, anesthesia or ectopic pregnancy. Suboptimal care occurred.ConclusionMaternal mortality in Iceland over a 25‐year period up to the end of year 2010 was low, between 5 and 6/100 000 births. A comprehensive national healthcare system with accessible antenatal care in a society with good general living conditions and universal education probably contributed to this.
Obesity is independently associated with infection in hospitalised patients with end‐stage liver disease
Authors: Sundaram V. , Kaung A. , Rajaram A. , Lu S. C. , Tran T. T. , Nissen N. N. , Klein A. S. , Jalan R. , Charlton M. R. , Jeon C. Y. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryBackgroundInfection is the most common cause of mortality in end‐stage liver disease (ESLD). The impact of obesity on infection risk in ESLD is not established.AimTo characterise the impact of obesity on infection risk in ESLD.MethodsWe evaluated the association between infection and obesity in patients with ESLD. Patients grouped as non‐obese, obesity class I–II and obesity class III were studied using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample. Validated diagnostic code based algorithms were utilised to determine weight category and infections, including bacteraemia, skin/soft tissue infection, urinary tract infection (UTI), pneumonia/respiratory infection, Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP). Risk factors for infection and mortality were assessed using multivariable logistic regression analysis.ResultsOf 115 465 patients identified, 100 957 (87.5%) were non‐obese and 14 508 (12.5%) were obese, with 9489 (8.2%) as obesity class I–II and 5019 (4.3%) as obesity class III. 37 117 patients (32.1%) had an infection diagnosis. Infection was most prevalent among obesity class III (44.0%), followed by obesity class I–II (38.9%) and then non‐obese (31.9%). In multivariable modelling, class III obesity (OR = 1.41; 95% CI 1.32–1.51; P < 0.001), and class I–II obesity (OR = 1.08; 95% CI 1.01–1.15; P = 0.026) were associated with infection. Compared to non‐obese patients, obese individuals had greater prevalence of bacteraemia, UTI, and skin/soft tissue infection as compared to non‐obese patients.ConclusionsObesity is newly identified to be independently associated with infection in end‐stage liver disease. The distribution of infection sites varies based on weight category.
Identification of Actinomyces denticolens as a cause of a soft tissue abscess in a horse
Authors: Feary DJ , Abraham S , Woolford L , Trott DJ 
Published: October 2015

Case reportA 6‐year‐old Arabian mare had a 4‐week history of a subcutaneous mass (15 × 15 cm) at the base of the neck, cranial and distal to the prescapular lymph node on the right side.The mass was solid and painful on deep palpation. Ultrasonographic examination showed a soft‐tissue abscess. Purulent aspirate was submitted for bacterial culture, which showed a moderate growth of an Actinomyces species. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed for definitive identification.Gene sequencing demonstrated close nucleotide homology with A. denticolens. Prolonged therapeutic management resulted in resolution of the abscess with a small scar.ConclusionsSpeciation of actinomycetes is not a routine diagnostic procedure and 16S rRNA gene sequencing to identify A. denticolens as a cause of soft‐tissue abscessation in horses in Australia has not been previously described. Practitioners should include this bacterial species in their differential diagnosis, particularly if abscesses do not respond to drainage and lavage alone.
Bioengineered osteochondral precursor for treatment of osteochondritis dissecans in a Thoroughbred filly
Authors: Tsuzuki N , Seo JP , Haneda S , Yamada K , Furuoka H , Tabata Y , Sasaki N 
Published: October 2015

Case reportA 13‐month‐old Thoroughbred filly was diagnosed with osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) of the medial tibial malleolus.A sponge impregnated with platelet‐rich plasma, bone morphogenetic protein‐2, mesenchymal stem cells and gelatin β‐tricalcium phosphate was applied to theOCDsite following arthroscopy and debridement. Postoperative radiography (every week for 16 weeks), computed tomography (CT) (16 weeks postoperatively), arthroscopy (16 weeks postoperatively) and biopsy of the regenerated tissue (16 weeks postoperatively) were performed to evaluate the outcome.Radiographically, the defect began to diminish 3 weeks postoperatively and had disappeared by 12 weeks.CTimages showed that the debrided site was filled with ossified tissue and arthroscopy showed that the regenerated tissue was covered with smooth tissue, which a biopsy showed was fibrocartilage.ConclusionsPlacing the impregnated sponge in theOCDlesion facilitated satisfactory regeneration of tissue in the debrided area, but the regenerated cartilage was fibrocartilage. This method may be a viable option for the treatment of cases of equineOCD, but further work to determine how to induce hyaline cartilage regeneration is required.
A survey to determine the prevalence of Theileria spp. in beef cattle in the northern tablelands of New South Wales
Authors: Biddle A , Eastwood S , Martin L , Freeman P , Druce E 
Published: October 2015

ObjectiveTo estimate the within and between herd prevalences for Theileria orientalis in beef herds in the eastern section of the New England Livestock Health and Pest Authority.DesignStratified random survey.MethodsFrom each of 46 randomly selected beef cattle herds, 10 cattle were randomly selected and blood sampled. Packed cell volumes (PCV) were calculated and the number of Theileria organisms in blood smears was counted. Within‐herd results were grouped into zero, low, medium or high prevalence based on the number of positive smears. A questionnaire was completed by the farmer at the time of sampling and responses to variables such as farm location and management strategies were compared with the laboratory findings.ResultsTheileria species at varied levels on smears were found in 33 of the 46 herds sampled, which gave a herd prevalence of 72% for this study. Approximately 18% of herds were in the medium or high prevalence group. Half of the properties reported tick activity and 70% of those used tick control.ConclusionsThe 72% herd prevalence of Theileria spp. found in this study shows that infection is widespread in beef herds in the northern tablelands of New South Wales. Although 82% of the sampled herds had low or zero within‐herd prevalence estimates, a significant number of herds had medium or high levels of Theileria. The risk factor questionnaire has provided some associations, such as the link between tick treatment and Theileria detection, that require more targeted studies.
Extensive epidermal naevus in a foal
Authors: Ruppin MP , Dennis MM , Smith CL , Vogelnest LJ 
Published: October 2015

Case reportA 2‐month‐old Standardbred filly was presented for examination and treatment of extensive congenital skin lesions that had a linear distribution on the left front leg extending from the dorsal midline to the metacarpal region.The lesions were surgically excised under general anaesthesia.Surgical excision was curative and there were no signs of recurrence 6 weeks after surgery. The number and distribution of lesions were more extensive than in previously reported cases of congenital papillomas, which have also been described as epidermal growth abnormalities (naevi or hamartomas). Early reports of congenital papillomas suggest in‐utero infection with papillomavirus may be responsible, despite a lack of histological features associated with papillomavirus infection. Papillomavirus immunohistochemistry has subsequently proven negative in tested cases.ConclusionsThe presence at birth, their appearance and the extensive distribution of lesions in this case is similar to verrucous epidermal naevus of humans. A name change from congenital papilloma to epidermal naevus is proposed for this condition in horses.
Parental Perceptions and Experiences after Childbirth: A Comparison between Mothers and Fathers of Term and Preterm Infants
Authors: Tooten Anneke , Hoffenkamp Hannah N. , Hall Ruby A.S. , Braeken Johan , Vingerhoets Ad J.J.M. , van Bakel Hedwig J.A. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundParents experience a lot of positive and negative feelings and emotions after birth. The main purpose of this study was to compare perceptions and experiences of mothers and fathers with term, moderately and very preterm infants.MethodsWe included 202 infants with both parents, divided into three groups: 1) term infants (≥ 37 weeks’ gestation), 2) moderately preterm infants (≥32–<37 weeks’ gestation) and 3) very preterm infants (< 32 weeks’ gestation). The Clinical Interview for Parents of High‐risk Infants (CLIP) was used to examine parental perceptions and experiences in eight areas: 1) Infant's current condition, 2) Course of the pregnancy, 3) Labor and delivery, 4) Relationship with infant and feelings as a parent, 5) Reactions to hospital and staff, 6) Support system, 7) Discharge and beyond, and 8) Quality of narratives during the interview.ResultsThe lower the gestational age of the infant, the more negative parental experiences and perceptions were on the following five areas: infant's current condition, pregnancy course, labor and delivery, relationship with the infant, and discharge and beyond. No differences were found between maternal and paternal perceptions on any of the eight CLIP areas.ConclusionsNegative parental perceptions and experiences were mainly associated with the gestational age of the infant and not at all with the gender of the parent. These findings resulted in several recommendations to optimize care for parents after preterm birth.
Prospective randomized controlled clinical study comparing two types of two‐piece dental implants supporting fixed reconstructions – results at 1 year of loading
Authors: Ebler Sabine , Ioannidis Alexis , Jung Ronald E. , Hämmerle Christoph H. F. , Thoma Daniel S. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractObjectivesTo analyze clinical, esthetic, radiographic, and prosthetic outcomes of implants and implant‐supported reconstructions using two types of dental implants with non‐matching implant abutment junctions.Materials and methodsA total of 64 patients in need of dental implant therapy with fixed reconstructions were consecutively enrolled. They were randomly assigned to either one of two implant systems (S1: Astra Tech Osseospeed and S2: Straumann Bone Level). Baseline (day of loading) and 1‐year measurements included demographics, radiographic, clinical, biologic, prosthetic, and esthetic outcomes. All data were analyzed at the patient level and at the implant level. The nonparametric Mann–Whitney U‐test was used to detect differences in continuous variables between two independent groups.ResultsNinety‐seven implants (S1 = 54, S2 = 43) were placed and loaded with fixed reconstructions in 64 patients. No implant was lost during the 1‐year observation period resulting in a 100% survival rate for both implant systems. At the patient level, the mean marginal bone level at implant insertion was −1.30 mm (SD ± 1.00 mm) for S1 and −1.26 mm (±1.22 mm) for S2 (negative values indicating bone levels coronal to the implant shoulder). At the time of loading, these distances measured 0.29 mm (±0.44 mm) for S1 and 0.22 mm (±0.43 mm) for S2. At the 1‐year follow‐up, these distances were 0.37 mm (±0.39 mm) for S1 and 0.39 mm (±1.02 mm) for S2. Technical complications of the reconstructions only occurred in Group S1, with a rate of 12% (patient level) (P > 0.05). Biologic complications were observed at a rate of 6% (S1) and 3.2% (S2) at the patient level (P > 0.05).ConclusionsBoth implant systems revealed 100% survival rates and minimal changes of the marginal bone levels during 1 year of loading. Few technical and biologic complications occurred. Therefore, both implant systems can be recommended for fixed reconstructions.
Pramipexole at a Low Dose Induces Beneficial Effect in the Harmaline‐induced Model of Essential Tremor in Rats
Authors: Kosmowska Barbara , Wardas Jadwiga , Głowacka Urszula , Ananthan Subramaniam , Ossowska Krystyna 
Published: October 2015

SummaryAimsThe aim of the study was to examine the effects of preferential agonists of dopamine D3 receptors: pramipexole and 7‐OH‐DPAT on the harmaline‐induced tremor in rats (a model of essential tremor, ET). To study receptor mechanisms of these drugs, rats were pretreated with dopamine D3 receptor antagonists—SB‐277011‐A and SR‐21502, an antagonist of presynaptic D2/D3 receptors—amisulpride, or a nonselective antagonist of D2‐like receptors, haloperidol, at a postsynaptic dose.MethodsFor tremor measurement, fully automated force plate actimeters were used and data were analyzed using fast Fourier transform.ResultsHarmaline (15 mg/kg ip)‐triggered tremor was manifested by an increase in the power within 9–15 Hz band (AP2). Pramipexole administered at a low (0.1 mg/kg sc), but not higher doses (0.3 and 1 mg/kg sc), and 7‐OH‐DPAT (0.1, 0.3, and 1 mg/kg sc) reversed the harmaline‐increased AP2. None of the examined dopamine antagonists: SB‐277011‐A (10 mg/kg ip), SR‐21502 (15 mg/kg ip), haloperidol (0.5 mg/kg ip), or amisulpride (1 mg/kg ip) influenced the above effect of dopamine agonists.ConclusionThe present study indicates that pramipexole reduces the harmaline‐induced tremor, which may suggest its beneficial effects in ET patients. However, mechanisms underlying its action are still unclear and need further examination.
Complementary benefits of tourism and hunting to communal conservancies in Namibia
Authors: Naidoo Robin , Weaver L. Chris , Diggle Richard W. , Matongo Greenwell , Stuart‐Hill Greg , Thouless Chris 
Published: October 2015

AbstractTourism and hunting both generate substantial revenues for communities and private operators in Africa, but few studies have quantitatively examined the trade‐offs and synergies that may result from these two activities. We evaluated financial and in‐kind benefit streams from tourism and hunting on 77 communal conservancies in Namibia from 1998 to 2013, where community‐based wildlife conservation has been promoted as a land‐use that complements traditional subsistence agriculture. We used data collected annually for all communal conservancies to characterize whether benefits were derived from hunting or tourism. We classified these benefits into 3 broad classes and examined how benefits flowed to stakeholders within communities under the status quo and under a simulated ban on hunting. Across all conservancies, total benefits from hunting and tourism increased at roughly the same rate, although conservancies typically started generating benefits from hunting within 3 years of formation as opposed to after 6 years for tourism. Disaggregation of data revealed that the main benefits from hunting were income for conservancy management and food in the form of meat for the community at large. The majority of tourism benefits were salaried jobs at lodges. A simulated ban on trophy hunting significantly reduced the number of conservancies that could cover their operating costs, whereas eliminating income from tourism did not have as severe an effect. Given that the benefits generated from hunting and tourism typically begin at different times in a conservancy's life‐span (earlier vs. later, respectively) and flow to different segments of local communities, these 2 activities together may provide the greatest incentives for conservation on communal lands in Namibia. A singular focus on either hunting or tourism would reduce the value of wildlife as a competitive land‐use option and have grave repercussions for the viability of community‐based conservation efforts in Namibia, and possibly other parts of Africa.
Time‐in‐a‐bottle (TIAB): a longitudinal, correlational study of patterns, potential predictors, and outcomes of immunosuppressive medication adherence in adult kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Russell Cynthia L. , Ashbaugh Catherine , Peace Leanne , Cetingok Muammer , Hamburger Karen Q. , Owens Sarah , Coffey Deanna , Webb Andrew W. , Hathaway Donna , Winsett Rebecca P. , Madsen Richard , Wakefield Mark R. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis study examined patterns, potential predictors, and outcomes of immunosuppressive medication adherence in a convenience sample of 121 kidney transplant recipients aged 21 yr or older from three kidney transplant centers using a theory‐based, descriptive, correlational, longitudinal design. Electronic monitoring was conducted for 12 months using electronic monitoring. Participants were persistent in taking their immunosuppressive medications, but execution, which includes both taking and timing, was poor. Older age was the only demographic variable associated with medication adherence (r = 0.25; p = 0.005). Of the potential predictors examined, only medication self‐efficacy was associated with medication non‐adherence, explaining about 9% of the variance (r = 0.31, p = 0.0006). The few poor outcomes that occurred were not significantly associated with medication non‐adherence, although the small number of poor outcomes may have limited our ability to detect a link. Future research should test fully powered, theory‐based, experimental interventions that include a medication self‐efficacy component.
Antiviral treatment for hepatitis B virus recurrence following liver transplantation
Authors: Lee Sanghoon , Kwon Choon Hyuck D. , Moon Hyung Hwan , Kim Tae‐Seok , Roh Youngnam , Song Sanghyun , Shin Milljae , Kim Jong Man , Park Jae Berm , Kim Sung Joo , Joh Jae‐Won , Lee Suk‐Koo 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to identify the factors associated with the recurrence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) following liver transplantation (LT) for HBV‐related disease and to recognize the outcome of treatment for HBV recurrence with oral nucleos(t)ide analogues. Six hundred and sixty‐seven LTs were performed for HBsAg‐positive adult patients in our institute from 1996 to 2010. HBV prophylaxis was performed by hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) monotherapy or HBIG and entecavir combination therapy. There were 63 cases (11.4%) of HBV recurrences during a median follow‐up of 51 months. The median time to HBV recurrence was 22 months. A preoperative HBV DNA load of more than 105 IU/mL, HBIG monotherapy, and hepatocellular carcinoma in the explant liver were independent risk factors for HBV recurrence following LT in multivariate analysis. Patient survival at 10 yr was 54.2% for HBV‐recurrent patients. Among patients with HBV recurrence, HBsAg seroclearance was achieved in 13 patients (20.6%), but HBsAg seroclearance did not affect survival in these patients after the recurrence of HBV (p = 0.28). The recurrence of HBV led to graft failure in six cases. HBV recurrence should be prevented by strict management of pre‐transplant HBV viremia and an effective post‐transplant HBV prophylaxis.