bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New application of the long‐pulsed Nd‐YAG laser as an ablative resurfacing tool for skin rejuvenation: a 7‐year study
Authors: Alshami Mohammad Ali 
Published: September 2013

SummaryBackgroundCarbon dioxide (CO2) and erbium–yttrium aluminum garnet (Er‐YAG) lasers are the gold standards in ablative skin resurfacing. Neodymium‐doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd‐YAG) laser is considered a nonablative skin resurfacing laser whose usage is limited due to its high cost.AimTo assess the efficacy and safety of Nd‐YAG as an ablative resurfacing laser and to compare the results with those previously published for CO2 and Erbium‐YAG lasers.Patients/MethodsA total of 296 patients (251 female and 45 male) with Fitzpatrick skin types III‐IV and dermatological conditions amenable to ablative skin resurfacing participated in this study. Nd‐YAG laser parameters assessed were wavelength (1064 nm), pulse duration (5 ms), fluence (10 J/cm2), and spot size (8–10 mm). Efficacy of Nd‐YAG laser was assessed by comparing pre‐ and posttreatment photographs.ResultsAn improvement of 30–80% was observed in treated patients. The degree of improvement correlated positively with the number of laser sessions. The most common side effect was hyperpigmentation. Other side effects were less common and mild in intensity compared with published results for gold standard ablative lasers.ConclusionNot only was the Nd‐YAG laser found to be as effective as Er‐YAG and CO2 lasers, but treated patients also had shorter recovery and treatment times, and at lower cost.
Seeking the Ideal Level of Design Newness: Consumer Response to Radical and Incremental Product Design
Authors: Mugge Ruth , Dahl Darren W. 
Published: September 2013

To develop successful new products, new product development managers need to have a thorough understanding of the consumer adoption process, specifically in how consumers evaluate new products. This research examines the value of product design for consumers' evaluation of radical and incremental innovations. The primary goal was to empirically test how design newness affects consumer response to product innovations. Design newness (also referred to as novelty or atypicality) is defined as the deviation in a product design from the current design state of a certain product category. Although prior research has suggested that higher levels of design newness may have a positive effect on consumers' evaluations of new products, higher levels of design newness may also have negative consequences for consumer response to radical innovations.An experimental context (n = 130) using systematically designed products for three product categories was used to test how consumers respond to high and low levels of design newness for both radical and incremental innovations. The findings show that for radical innovations, embodying the product in a design with a low (versus high) level of design newness led to more positive evaluations and less learning‐cost inferences. Because the functional attributes of a radical innovation are incongruent to existing products, consumers find it difficult to access the relevant product category schema in order to transfer knowledge to the new product. Because of this poor knowledge transfer, consumers may feel that they lack the ability to make effective use of the radical innovation, resulting in greater learning costs. In this case, a product design with a low level of design newness can provide consumers with a frame of reference for understanding the radical innovation.Contrasting this result, no difference was found between a low and a high level of design newness for incremental innovations. For incremental innovations, by definition the functional attributes characteristic to the innovation are highly comparable with those products that are already stored in consumers' memory. Thus, there is no need for an additional reconfirmation of the preexisting schema through product design, and consumers are able to access the relevant schema regardless of the level of design newness inherent in the product. These findings are integrated into a discussion of the managerial implications and the potential avenues for future research.
Suspending Group Debate and Developing Concepts
Authors: Stam Daan , de Vet Arne , Barkema Harry G. , De Dreu Carsten K. W. 
Published: September 2013

The ability of new product development (NPD) teams to generate ideas and develop high‐quality concepts for new products is a crucial determinant of NPD success. Although prior research in this area has developed various interventions to enhance the ability of teams to generate ideas, such interventions have limited impact on innovation management theory and practice. Partly, this is because of practical reasons: The interventions are often costly and impractical. However, there are also more fundamental, theoretical issues regarding these interventions: Knowledge of which interventions are effective in what situations is lacking. Even more importantly, there is no theory (or empirical evidence) about the effects of these interventions on the success of developing initial ideas into concepts. Together, this has caused the usefulness of these interventions for NPD teams to be uncertain at best.To remedy this situation, this study focuses on a costless and easy‐to‐implement intervention: suspending group debate. Suspending group debate refers to a team idea generation and concept development process in which groups debate a problem, ideas for solutions are generated individually, and these ideas are debated and developed into concepts collectively. The authors developed a new theory about the impact of suspending group debate on idea generation and on further concept development. Specifically, they argue that suspending group debate causes groups to generate a higher number of ideas, a higher number of original ideas, and a more diverse set of ideas, but that only the number of original ideas and the diversity of the set of ideas will translate into higher concept quality. The authors also developed new theory about when suspending group debate is especially effective. Specifically, they argue that suspending group debate is especially effective when at least one group member is low on extraversion.This theory is tested using an experimental design in which groups generated ideas and developed concepts for a specific organizational problem. Some groups suspend group debate, while others do not. Results show that suspending group debate indeed causes groups to generate a higher number of ideas, a higher number of original ideas, and a more diverse set of ideas. Importantly, results demonstrate that the effects of suspending group debate are more pronounced for groups with one or more group members that are low on extraversion. Furthermore, suspending group debate also affects concept quality, mediated by the number of original ideas and the diversity of ideas that groups generate (and thus not by the sheer number of ideas generated). Specifically, results show that both the diversity of the idea set as well as the number of original ideas positively influence the innovativeness of the final concept, while only the diversity of the idea set influences the comprehensiveness of the final concept.
Age differences in the association of obstructive sleep apnea risk with cognition and quality of life
Authors: Addison‐Brown Kristin J. , Letter Abraham J. , Yaggi Klar , Mcclure Leslie A. , Unverzagt Frederick W. , Howard Virginia J. , Lichtman Judith H. , Wadley Virginia G. 
Published: September 2013

SummaryUsing a sample of 2925 stroke‐free participants drawn from a national population‐based study, we examined cross‐sectional associations of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) risk with cognition and quality of life and whether these vary with age, while controlling for demographics and comorbidities. Included participants from the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study were aged 47–93 years. OSA risk was categorized as high or low based on responses to the Berlin Sleep Questionnaire. Cognitive function was assessed with standardized fluency and recall measures. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the four‐item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) was assessed with the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form‐12 (SF‐12). Multivariate analyses of covariance (mancova) statistics were applied separately to the cognitive and quality of life dependent variables while accounting for potential confounders (demographics, comorbidities). In fully adjusted models, those at high risk for OSA had significantly lower cognitive scores (Wilks’ lambda = 0.996, F3,2786 = 3.31, P < 0.05) and lower quality of life [depressive symptoms and HRQoL] (Wilks’ lambda = 0.989, F3,2786 = 10.02, P < 0.0001). However, some of the associations were age‐dependent. Differences in cognition and quality of life between those at high and low obstructive sleep apnea risk were most pronounced during middle age, with attenuated effects after age 70 years.
Three Grades of Grammatical Involvement: Syntax from a Minimalist Perspective
Authors: HORNSTEIN NORBERT 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThis article presents a Whig history of Minimalism, suggesting that it is the natural next step in the generative program initiated in the mid 1950s. The program so conceived has two prongs: (i) unifying the disparate modules by demonstrating that they are generated by the same basic operations and respect the same general conditions and (ii) assessing which of these basic operations and conditions are parochial to the faculty of language (FL) and which are reflect more general features of cognitive computation. What makes Minimalism ‘minimal’ is the conviction that the bulk of the operations and principles inFLare proprietary to that cognitive module. The article illustrates the aims of the project by discussing some ways of reducing Binding Theory to the theory of Movement.
Argument Structure Constructions versus Lexical Rules or Derivational Verb Templates
Authors: GOLDBERG ADELE E. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe idea that correspondences relating grammatical relations and semantics (argument structure constructions) are needed to account for simple sentence types is reviewed, clarified, updated and compared with two lexicalist alternatives. Traditional lexical rules take one verb as ‘input’ and create (or relate) a different verb as ‘output’. More recently, invisible derivational verb templates have been proposed, which treat argument structure patterns as zero derivational affixes that combine with a root verb to yield a new verb. While the derivational template perspective can address several problems that arise for traditional lexical rules, it still faces problems in accounting for idioms, which often contain specifications that are not appropriately assigned to individual verbs or derivational affixes (regarding adjuncts, modification, and inflection). At the same time, it is clear that verbs play a central role in determining their distribution. The balance between verbs and phrasal argument structure constructions is addressed via the Principles of Semantic Coherence and Correspondence together with a usage‐based hierarchy of constructions that contains entries which can include particular verbs and other lexical material.
The Central Question in Comparative Syntactic Metatheory
Authors: PULLUM GEOFFREY K. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractTwo kinds of theoretical framework for syntax are encountered in current linguistics. One emerged from the mathematization of proof theory, and is referred to here as generative‐enumerative syntax (GES). A less explored alternative stems from the semantic side of logic, and is here called model‐theoretic syntax (MTS). I sketch the outlines of each, and give a capsule summary of some mathematical results pertaining to the latter. I then briefly survey some diverse types of evidence suggesting that in some waysMTSseems better suited to theorizing about the relevant linguistic phenomena.
The Structure of Syntactic Typologies
Authors: GRIMSHAW JANE 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThis article illustrates how language variation and the limits of variation are given a shared and principled explanation in Optimality Theory. It shows that languages can be ‘uniform’, choosing the same grammatical structures in three different sentence types. They can also be ‘non‐uniform’, but the combinations of grammatical structures that they can exhibit are extremely restricted. The theory characterizes possible and impossible grammatical systems without special stipulations or additional theoretical machinery.
Cephalopod remains from stomachs of sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) that mass‐stranded along the Oregon coast
Authors: Harvey James T. , Friend Theresa , McHuron Elizabeth A. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractOn 16 June 1979, a herd of 41 sperm whales stranded near the mouth of the Siuslaw River in Florence, Oregon. The stomach contents from 32 whales were collected, identified to the lowest taxonomic level possible, enumerated, and measured. A total of 20,247 cephalopod lower beaks that represented 24 species from 14 different families were recovered. The most numerous species wereHistioteuthis hoylei(25.9%),Taonius borealis(12.9%),Galiteuthis phyllura(11.2%),Gonatopsis/Berryteuthistype (10.9%), andMoroteuthis robusta(10.7%). Reconstructed estimates of mass indicated thatM. robustacontributed almost 50% of the total mass of cephalopods consumed, followed byH. hoylei(19.3%), andT. borealis(7.0%). The most important species in the diet of stranded whales wereM. robusta,H. hoylei,T. borealis,G. phyllura,Octopoteuthis deletron, andGonatopsis/Berryteuthistype. There were significant differences in the diet of males and females, but no differences between sperm whales of different age groups. Overall, sperm whales primarily consumed small cephalopods that were likely eaten south of 45ºN in or near the California Current System. This study provides new estimates of the food habits of sperm whales in the northeast Pacific from one of the largest strandings of this species.
Sugar homeostasis mediated by cell wall invertase GRAIN INCOMPLETE FILLING 1 (GIF1) plays a role in pre‐existing and induced defence in rice
Authors: Sun Li , Yang Dong‐lei , Kong Yu , Chen Ying , Li Xiao‐Zun , Zeng Long‐Jun , Li Qun , Wang Er‐Tao , He Zu‐Hua 
Published: September 2013

SummarySugar metabolism and sugar signalling are not only critical for plant growth and development, but are also important for stress responses. However, how sugar homeostasis is involved in plant defence against pathogen attack in the model crop rice remains largely unknown. In this study, we observed that the grains of gif1, a loss‐of‐function mutant of the cell wall invertase gene GRAIN INCOMPLETE FILLING 1 (GIF1), were hypersusceptible to postharvest fungal pathogens, with decreased levels of sugars and a thinner glume cell wall in comparison with the wild‐type. Interestingly, constitutive expression of GIF1 enhanced resistance to both the rice bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae. The GIF1‐overexpressing (GIF1‐OE) plants accumulated higher levels of glucose, fructose and sucrose compared with the wild‐type plants. More importantly, higher levels of callose were deposited in GIF1‐OE plants during pathogen infection. Moreover, the cell wall was much thicker in the infection sites of the GIF1‐OE plants when compared with the wild‐type plants. We also found that defence‐related genes were constitutively activated in the GIF1‐OE plants. Taken together, our study reveals that sugar homeostasis mediated by GIF1 plays an important role in constitutive and induced physical and chemical defence.
Postprandial symptoms originating from the stomach in functional dyspepsia
Authors: Vanheel H. , Vanuytsel T. , Van Oudenhove L. , Farré R. , Verbeke K. , Tack J. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractBackgroundFunctional dyspepsia (FD) is characterized by chronic epigastric symptoms. The stomach has been held responsible for the generation of symptoms, but the latest reports have pointed out that also the duodenum can be implicated in the pathophysiology. The aim of this study was to elucidate which dyspeptic symptoms originate from the stomach and/or from the small intestine after a meal.MethodsTwo hundred eighty‐four FD patients underwent a gastric emptying breath test. Breath samples were taken and the intensity of six dyspeptic symptoms (fullness, bloating, belching, nausea, epigastric burning, and epigastric pain) was scored before a meal and at 15 min intervals for a period of 240 min postprandially. Time curves of each symptom were analyzed and severity scores during the gastric and the intestinal phase were compared.Key ResultsTime curves of fullness, bloating, belching, and nausea displayed a significant negative slope, while symptom severity of epigastric burning and epigastric pain did not decrease over time. Numerical analysis revealed that scores for fullness, bloating, and belching were higher during the gastric phase compared with the intestinal phase. On the other hand, intensities of nausea, epigastric burning, and epigastric pain were similar during both phases.Conclusions & InferencesIntensities of fullness, bloating, and belching decrease with food moving from the stomach to the small intestine indicating that the stomach plays a crucial role in the generation of these symptoms. In contrast, the symptom severity of epigastric burning and epigastric pain persists with progression of food to the small intestine.
Moving Beyond Causes: Optimality Models and Scientific Explanation
Authors: Rice Collin 
Published: September 2013

AbstractA prominent approach to scientific explanation and modeling claims that for a model to provide an explanation it must accurately represent at least some of the actual causes in the event's causal history. In this paper, I argue that many optimality explanations present a serious challenge to this causal approach. I contend that many optimality models provide highly idealized equilibrium explanations that do not accurately represent the causes of their target system(s). Furthermore, in many contexts, it is in virtue of their independence of causes that optimality models are able to provide a better explanation than competing causal models. Consequently, our account of explanation and modeling must expand beyond the causal approach.
Cost‐Effectiveness of Primary Prevention Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Treatment: Data from a Large Clinical Registry
Authors: THIJSSEN JOEP , VAN DEN AKKER VAN MARLE M. ELSKE , BORLEFFS C. JAN WILLEM , VAN REES JOHANNES B. , DE BIE MIHÁLY K. , VAN DER VELDE ENNO T. , VAN ERVEN LIESELOT , SCHALIJ MARTIN J. 
Published: September 2013

BackgroundAlthough randomized trials have shown the beneficial effect on survival of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) as primary prevention therapy in selected patients, data concerning the cost‐effectiveness in routine clinical practice remain scarce. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to assess the cost‐effectiveness of primary prevention ICD implantation in the real world.MethodsPatients receiving primary prevention single‐chamber or dual‐chamber ICD implantation at the Leiden University Medical Center were included in the study. Using a Markov model, lifetime cost, life years (LYs), and gained quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs) were estimated for device recipients and control patients. Data on mortality, complication rates, and device longevity were retrieved from our center and entered into the Markov model. To account for model assumptions, one‐way deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed. Importantly, calculations for the estimated incremental cost‐effectiveness rate (ICER) per QALY gained are based on several numbers of assumptions, and accordingly findings may have over‐ or underestimated the cost‐effectiveness of ICD therapy.ResultsPrimary prevention ICD implantation adds an estimated mean of 2.07 LYs and 1.73 QALYs. Increased lifetime cost for single‐chamber and dual‐chamber ICD recipients were estimated at €60,788 and €64,216, respectively. This resulted for single‐chamber ICD recipients, in an estimated ICER of €35,154 per QALY gained. In dual‐chamber ICD recipients, an estimated ICER of €37,111 per QALY gained was calculated. According to the probabilistic sensitivity analysis, estimated cost per QALY gained are €35,837 (95% confidence interval [CI]: €28,368–€44,460) for single‐chamber and €37,756 (95% CI: €29,055–€46,050) for dual‐chamber ICDs.ConclusionsOn the basis of data and detailed costs, derived from routine clinical practice, ICD therapy in selected patients with a reduced left ventricular ejection fraction appears to be cost‐effective.
Cardiovascular Implantable Electronic Device Infections in Left Ventricular Assist Device Recipients
Authors: RIAZ TALHA , NIENABER JUHSIEN J.C. , BADDOUR LARRY M. , WALKER RANDALL C. , PARK SOON J. , SOHAIL MUHAMMAD RIZWAN 
Published: September 2013

BackgroundMost patients with left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) have concomitant cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIEDs). However, clinical presentation and outcome of CIED infection in the setting of LVAD has not been previously described.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 247 patients who underwent LVAD implantation at Mayo Clinic campuses in Minnesota, Arizona, and Florida, from January 2005 to December 2011. Demographic and clinical data of patients who met criteria for CIED infection were extracted.ResultsOf 247 patients with LVADs, 215 (87%) had CIED at the time of LVAD implantation and six (2.8%) subsequently developed CIED infections. Three patients developed CIED lead‐related endocarditis and the other three had pocket infection. All three instances of CIED pocket infection were preceded by device generator exchange, whereas all three patients with CIED lead‐related endocarditis had prior LVAD‐related infections. Causative pathogens included Pseudomonas aeruginos (1), coagulase‐negative staphylococci (2), methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (1), a gram‐positive bacillus (1), and culture negative (2). All patients underwent complete CIED removal along with antimicrobial therapy. The three patients with CIED lead‐related endocarditis and prior LVAD infections received chronic suppressive antibiotic therapy, and one patient had LVAD exchange. All but one remained alive at the last follow‐up with a median duration of 15 months (7–46 months) from the time of CIED infection.ConclusionPatients who are receiving LVAD therapy and develop CIED infection should be managed with complete CIED removal. Chronic suppressive antibiotic therapy is warranted in cases that have concomitant LVAD infection.