bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Managing Social-Business Tensions: A Review and Research Agenda for Social Enterprise
Authors: Smith Wendy K. , Gonin Michael , Besharov Marya L. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT:In a world filled with poverty, environmental degradation, and moral injustice, social enterprises offer a ray of hope. These organizations seek to achieve social missions through business ventures. Yet social missions and business ventures are associated with divergent goals, values, norms, and identities. Attending to them simultaneously creates tensions, competing demands, and ethical dilemmas. Effectively understanding social enterprises therefore depends on insight into the nature and management of these tensions. While existing research recognizes tensions between social missions and business ventures, we lack any systematic analysis. Our paper addresses this issue. We first categorize the types of tensions that arise between social missions and business ventures, emphasizing their prevalence and variety. We then explore how four different organizational theories offer insight into these tensions, and we develop an agenda for future research. We end by arguing that a focus on social-business tensions not only expands insight into social enterprises, but also provides an opportunity for research on social enterprises to inform traditional organizational theories. Taken together, our analysis of tensions in social enterprises integrates and seeks to energize research on this expanding phenomenon.
Community Cookbooks in the Prairies
Authors: Kowalchuk Kristine 
Published: June 2013

This article will build upon research I undertook in co-curating Culinaria: Early 20th-Century Cookbooks in the Prairies, an online exhibit beginning in late spring 2013 at the Bruce Peel Special Collections Library at the University of Alberta in Edmonton.
Beginning with a personal account illustrating the real-life sharing of recipes that has occurred in the Prairies between cultural groups, this article will trace such sharing in Prairies community cookbooks. As all Prairies settlers dealt with the same relative isolation and limited ingredients, neighbours of differing ethnic groups adapted and exchanged recipes that worked in the Prairies climate. French community cookbooks contain recipes for chop suey (an influence from the Chinese restaurants in nearly every Prairie small town), German community cookbooks contain recipes for cabbage rolls, Ukrainian community cookbooks contain recipes for sauerkraut, and so on. Such sharing in fact enabled somewhat of a common culinary base unique to the Prairies: indeed chop suey, cabbage rolls, and sauerkraut appear in nearly every community cookbook, as do, for related reasons, rhubarb and saskatoon pies.
Food and cookbook history in the Prairies has been little studied, presumably because the only real cookbooks published here in the first half of the twentieth century were community cookbooks (differentiating the Prairies situation from that of Ontario and Quebec), and these books largely survive only in private homes. This is gradually changing, as libraries begin to recognize the value of community cookbooks in reflecting, and contributing to, the culinary history of the Prairies.
Composer une musique nordique ?
Authors: Leclair François-Hugues 
Published: June 2013

La dimension nordique a toujours occupé une place centrale dans mon imaginaire, les images les plus présentes dans ce réseau de symboles étant l’espace, la rudesse des éléments, en particulier du vent et du froid, de même que les dimensions du silence et de la solitude. La manifestation musicale de ces qualités hivernales est étudiée dans l’analyse détaillée du Solstice d’hiver, pour sextuor de flûtes, ainsi que dans un panorama de mes oeuvres à caractère nordique : choix des textes en lien avec l’hiver à la source de l’inspiration ; choix de timbres instrumentaux fréquemment associés au froid ; utilisation de modes de jeu contemporains pouvant évoquer le vent glacial, l’espace boréal ; rudesse de certaines sonorités ; instillation du silence dans la composition ; évocation de l’espace dans les distances entre les différents plans sonores ; création d’ambiances empreintes du mystère lié à la solitude humaine face à l’immensité du paysage.
Distearoyl Anchor‐Painted Erythrocytes with Prolonged Ligand Retention and Circulation Properties In Vivo
Authors: Shi Guixin , Mukthavaram Rajesh , Kesari Santosh , Simberg Dmitri 
Published: June 2013

AbstractRed blood cells (RBCs) attract significant interest as carriers of biomolecules, drugs, and nanoparticles. In this regard, versatile technologies to attach molecules and ligands to the RBC surface are of great importance. Reported here is a fast and efficient surface painting strategy to attach ligands to the surface of RBCs, and the factors that control the stability and circulation properties of the modified RBCs in vivo. Distearoyl phosphatidylethanolamine anchor‐conjugated immunoglobulin (IgG) efficiently incorporates in the RBC membrane following 15–30 min incubation. The optimized RBCs show prolonged circulation in vivo (70% of the injected dose after 48 h) and efficient retention of IgG in the membrane with terminal half‐life of 73 h. The IgG construct is gradually lost from the RBCs mainly due to the transfer to plasma components, liver endothelial cells, and Kupffer cells. The ligand retention efficiency is partially dictated by ligand type, anchor type, and ligand concentration in the membrane, while RBC half‐life is determined by initial concentration of the ligand in the membrane and presence of PEG linker between the ligand and the anchor. This work provides important guidance for non‐covalent surface painting of RBCs as well as other types of blood borne cells for in vivo therapeutic and targeting applications.
Zirconia‐based Aerogels via Hydrolysis of Salts and Alkoxides: The Influence of the Synthesis Procedures on the Properties of the Aerogels
Authors: Schäfer Helmut , Brandt Susanne , Milow Barbara , Ichilmann Sachar , Steinhart Martin , Ratke Lorenz 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis contribution aims at evaluating different synthesis procedures leading to zirconia‐based aerogels. A series of undoped and yttrium‐doped zirconia aerogels have been prepared via hydrolysis and condensation reaction of different alkoxy‐ and different inorganic salt‐based precursors followed by supercritical drying. Well‐established but deleterious zirconium n‐propoxide (TPOZ) or zirconium n‐butoxide (TBOZ) were used as metal precursors in combination with acids like nitric acid and acetic acid as auxiliary agent for the generation of non‐yttrium stabilized zirconia aerogels. Yttrium‐stabilized zirconia aerogels as well as pure zirconia aerogels were obtained by the salt route starting from ZrCl4 and crosslinking agents like propylene oxide or acetylacetone. The characteristics of the products were analyzed by nitrogen adsorption measurements, electron microscopy, and X‐ray scattering. It turned out that with respect to all relevant properties of the aerogels as well as the practicability of the synthesis procedures, approaches based on inexpensive non‐toxic salt precursors are the methods of choice. The salt‐based approaches allow not only for low‐cost, easy‐to‐handle synthesis procedures with realizable gelation times of less than 60 seconds, but also delivered the products with the highest surface area (449 m2 g−1 for ZrCl4) within this series of syntheses.
Supplemented αMEM/F12‐based medium enables the survival and growth of primary ovarian follicles encapsulated in alginate hydrogels
Authors: Tagler David , Makanji Yogeshwar , Anderson Nicholas R. , Woodruff Teresa K. , Shea Lonnie D. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTHydrogel‐encapsulating culture systems for ovarian follicles support the in vitro growth of secondary follicles from various species including mouse, non‐primate human, and human; however, the growth of early stage follicles (primary and primordial) has been limited. While encapsulation maintains the structure of early stage follicles, feeder cell populations, such as mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), are required to stimulate growth and development. Hence, in this report, we investigated feeder‐free culture environments for early stage follicle development. Mouse ovarian follicles were encapsulated within alginate hydrogels and cultured in various growth medium formulations. Initial studies employed embryonic stem cell medium formulations as a tool to identify factors that influence the survival, growth, and meiotic competence of early stage follicles. The medium formulation that maximized survival and growth was identified as αMEM/F12 supplemented with fetuin, insulin, transferrin, selenium, and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). This medium stimulated the growth of late primary (average initial diameter of 80 µm) and early secondary (average initial diameter of 90 µm) follicles, which developed antral cavities and increased to terminal diameters exceeding 300 µm in 14 days. Survival ranged from 18% for 80 µm follicles to 36% for 90 µm follicles. Furthermore, 80% of the oocytes from surviving follicles with an initial diameter of 90–100 µm underwent germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD), and the percentage of metaphase II (MII) eggs was 50%. Follicle/oocyte growth and GVBD/MII rates were not significantly different from MEF co‐culture. Survival was reduced relative to MEF co‐culture, yet substantially increased relative to the control medium that had been previously used for secondary follicles. Continued development of culture medium could enable mechanistic studies of early stage folliculogenesis and emerging strategies for fertility preservation. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013;110: 3258–3268. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
MSn, LC‐MS‐TOF and LC‐PDA studies for identification of new degradation impurities of bupropion
Authors: Bansal Rohit , Saini Balraj , Bansal Yogita , Bansal Gulshan 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThree new degradation impurities of bupropion were characterized through high performance liquid chromatography coupled to photodiode array detection and to time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. Bupropion was subjected to the ICH prescribed stress conditions. It degraded to seven impurities (I–VII) in alkaline hydrolytic conditions which were optimally resolved on an XTerra C18column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) with a ternary mobile phase comprising ammonium formate (20 mm, pH 4.0), methanol and acetonitrile (75:10:15, v/v). The degradation impurities (III–V and VII) were characterized on the basis of mass fragmentation pattern of drug, accurate mass spectral and photodiode array data of the drug and degradation impurities. Compound V was found to be a known degradation impurity [1‐hydroxy‐1‐(3‐chlorophenyl)propan‐2‐one], whereas III, IV and VII were characterized as 2‐hydroxy‐2‐(3′‐chlorophenyl)‐3,5,5‐trimethylmorpholine, (2,4,4‐trimethyl‐1,3‐oxazolidin‐2‐yl)(3‐chlorophenyl)‐methanone and 2‐(3′‐chlorophenyl)‐3,5,5‐trimethylmorphol‐2‐ene, respectively. Compound III was a known metabolite of the drug. This additional information on the degradation impurities can help in the development of a new stability‐indicating assay method to monitor the stability of the drug product during its shelf‐life as well as in development of a drug product with increased shelf‐life. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development and validation of automated SPE‐LC‐MS/MS method for determination of indapamide in human whole blood and its application to real study samples
Authors: Nakov N. , Mladenovska K. , Labacevski N. , Dimovski A. , Petkovska R. , Dimitrovska A. , Kavrakovski Z. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTA fast and simple liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry method for determination of indapamide in human whole blood was developed and validated. The sample extraction of indapamide from human whole blood was achieved using automated solid‐phase extraction. Chromatographic separation was performed on Kinetex C18 column (100 × 2.1 mm, 1.7 µm particle size) using acetonitrile and 2 mm ammonium formate in ratio 90:10 (v/v) as a mobile phase. The mass spectrometer was operated in the multiple reaction monitoring mode using positive electrospray ionization for indapamide and the internal standard (zolpidem tartarate). The total run time was 2.5 min. The present method was found to be linear in the concentration range of 1–50 ng/mL with the coefficient of determination 0.9987. The absolute recoveries of indapamide were 90.51–93.90%. The method was validated according the recommendations for validation of bioanalytical methods of European Medicines Agency guideline and was successfully used to analyze human whole blood samples for application in a pharmacokinetic study. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exploring Pet Loss for Survivors of Child Sexual Abuse: A Hitherto Unchartered Terrain of Trauma Impact and Recovery
Authors: Taylor S. Caroline , Breen Lauren J. 
Published: June 2013

Key Practitioner MessagesThe effect of pet loss for survivors of child sexual abuse is under‐explored.Perpetrators may threaten pets to silence their victims.The loss of a companion animal may affect the healing process of child sexual abuse survivors.There is a need for more research to inform interventions to assist the recovery of survivors and education to enhance mental health professionals' understanding of the ongoing effects of pet loss in relation to recovery.Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Watch out: Themes in timepiece communities of counterfeit consumption
Authors: Key Thomas M. , Boostrom Robert E. , Adjei Mavis T. , Campbell David A. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTAlthough online communities of counterfeit consumption (OCCC) enhance the demand for counterfeit products, research that improves marketers' understanding of this phenomenon is lacking. This article's purpose is to investigate how online communities of consumption have transformed the acquisition, sharing, and processing of information by consumers of counterfeits. Through the use of netnography in an online counterfeit watch community, this work identifies four themes as factors that draw consumers to OCCC. The themes are technical competence of community members, willingness to pay, members' expectations of product performance, and trust in dealer. These communities strengthen consumer consumption of counterfeit products by broadening the ways in which consumers can engage, learn, identify, and ultimately decide to purchase counterfeit products. Managerial and theoretical implications are discussed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Alternative Separation Process for Elimination of Hydrophobic Contaminants
Authors: Ewald Christian , Schaffrath Heinz‐Joachim , Schabel Samuel , Kuna Anne‐Kathrin , Faul Andreas 
Published: June 2013

AbstractKlebende Verunreinigungen, sogenannte Stickies, stellen ein erhebliches Problem beim Altpapierrecycling dar und führen zu Ablagerungen an Maschinenteilen, Produktionsausfällen und steigenden Ausschussanteilen. Zur Reduzierung dieser Probleme soll ein neuer Prozess etabliert werden, der Stickies mithilfe von Pflanzenölen oder Ölsäure aus der Faserstoffsuspension entfernt. Zudem sollen die Kenntnisse aus den diskontinuierlichen Laborversuchen auf einen kontinuierlichen halbtechnischen Prozess übertragen werden.
Evaluation of urovysion and cytology for bladder cancer detection
Authors: Dimashkieh Haythem , Wolff Daynna J. , Smith T. Michael , Houser Patricia M. , Nietert Paul J. , Yang Jack 
Published: June 2013

BACKGROUNDUrine cytology has been used for screening of bladder cancer but has been limited by its low sensitivity. UroVysion is a multiprobe fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay that detects common chromosome abnormalities in bladder cancers. For this study, the authors evaluated the effectiveness of multiprobe FISH and urine cytology in detecting urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC) in the same urine sample.METHODSIn total, 1835 cases with the following criteria were selected: valid results from both the multiprobe FISH assay and urine cytology in the same urine sample, histologic and/or cystoscopic follow‐up within 4 months of the original tests, or at least 3 years of clinical follow‐up information. The results of FISH and cytology were correlated with clinical outcomes derived from a combination of histologic, cystoscopic, and clinical follow‐up information.RESULTSOf 1835 cases, 1045 cases were from patients undergoing surveillance of recurrent UCC, and 790 were for hematuria. The overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value in detecting UCC were 61.9%, 89.7%, 53.9%, and 92.4%, respectively, for FISH and 29.1%, 96.9%, 64.4%, and 87.5%, respectively, for cytology. The performance of both FISH and cytology generally was better in the surveillance population and in samples with high‐grade UCC. In 95 of 296 cases with atypical cytology that were proven to have UCC, 61 cases, mostly high‐grade UCC, were positive using the multiprobe FISH assay.CONCLUSIONSThe UroVysion multiprobe FISH assay was more sensitive than urine cytology in detecting UCC, but it produced more false‐positive results. The current data suggest that the use of FISH as a reflex test after an equivocal cytologic diagnosis may play an effective role in detecting UCC. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2013;121:591–597. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Validation of an open source framework for the simulation of blood flow in rigid and deformable vessels
Authors: Passerini T. , Quaini A. , Villa U. , Veneziani A. , Canic S. 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYWe discuss in this paper the validation of an open source framework for the solution of problems arising in hemodynamics. The proposed framework is assessed through experimental data for fluid flow in an idealized medical device with rigid boundaries and a numerical benchmark for flow in compliant vessels. The core of the framework is an open source parallel finite element library that features several algorithms to solve both fluid and fluid–structure interaction problems. The numerical results for the flow in the idealized medical device (consisting of a conical convergent, a narrow throat, and a sudden expansion) are in good quantitative agreement with the measured axial components of the velocity and pressures for three different flow rates corresponding to laminar, transitional, and turbulent regimes. We emphasize the crucial role played by the accuracy in performing numerical integration, mesh, and time step to match the measurements. The numerical fluid–structure interaction benchmark deals with the propagation of a pressure wave in a fluid‐filled elastic tube. The computed pressure wave speed and frequency of oscillations, and the axial velocity of the fluid on the tube axis are close to the values predicted by the analytical solution associated with the benchmark. A detailed account of the methods used for both benchmarks is provided.Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Terminal Oxo and Imido Transition‐Metal Complexes of Groups 9–11
Authors: Ray Kallol , Heims Florian , Pfaff Florian Felix 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis review summarizes the properties of group 9–11 metal–oxo and metal–imido complexes, which have been either isolated or proposed as reactive intermediates in metal‐catalyzed organic transformations. We begin with a general description of the bonding of transition‐metal–oxo and –imido complexes in various geometries, followed by a discussion of complexes from groups 9–11. The focus of this review is to provide a clear picture of the state of the art as well as insight towards potential future synthetic endeavors.
Enantioselective One‐Pot Catalytic Synthesis of 4,5‐Epoxy‐3‐alkanols and 1‐Phenyl‐2,3‐epoxy‐1‐alkanols from α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes
Authors: Infante Rebeca , Hernández Yulan , Nieto Javier , Andrés Celia 
Published: June 2013

AbstractConformationally restricted perhydrobenzoxazines have been demonstrated to be good chiral ligands for one‐pot asymmetric ethylation/epoxidation, and the unprecedented arylation/epoxidation of trisubstituted α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes. The scope of the reaction has been studied and a wide set of substrates with allylic strain of different nature has been explored, obtaining good or total diastereoselectivities in all cases. The enantiocontrol was good or high for the ethylation/epoxidation reaction, whereas it remained at moderate or good levels for the arylation/epoxidation. The reaction is general for trisubstituted enals, and alkylic and aromatic substituents are tolerated at both the α‐ and β‐position of the unsaturated aldehyde; however, disubstituted enals remain challenging substrates. When the one‐pot and two‐pot protocols were compared, no significant differences concerning the stereocontrol were found, so the advantages of the one‐pot procedure are clear.
Regio‐ and Diastereoselective Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Allylic Substitution of δ‐Hydroxy Allylic Chlorides by a Silicon Nucleophile
Authors: Hazra Chinmoy K. , Irran Elisabeth , Oestreich Martin 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA perfectly γ‐selective copper(I)‐catalyzed allylic substitution of protected δ‐hydroxy allylic chlorides with a silicon nucleophile generated by Si–B bond activation provides diastereoselective access to β‐hydroxy α‐chiral allylic silanes with anantirelative configuration. The high levels of diastereocontrol of this rare allylic displacement are interpreted according to a model suggested by Nakamura where diastereofacial selectivity originates from steric control rather than an oxygen‐directing effect in the Felkin–Anh transition state.
A Synthesis of (–)‐(R)‐ and (+)‐(S)‐Lavandulol, (+)‐Lavandulyl 2‐Methylbutanoate, and (+)‐Lavandulyl Senecioate through Ortho­ester Johnson–Claisen Rearrangement
Authors: Fernandes Rodney A. , Chowdhury Asim K. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAn efficient synthesis of (–)‐(R)‐ and (+)‐(S)‐lavandulol, (+)‐lavandulyl 2‐methylbutanoate and (+)‐lavandulyl senecioate is presented in this paper. The synthetic strategy features a chiral‐pool approach to an allyl alcohol intermediate, and an orthoester Johnson–Claisen rearrangement as the key step.
Is the belief in meritocracy palliative for members of low status groups? Evidence for a benefit for self‐esteem and physical health via perceived control
Authors: McCoy Shannon K. , Wellman Joseph D. , Cosley Brandon , Saslow Laura , Epel Elissa 
Published: June 2013

AbstractConsensually held ideologies may serve as the cultural “glue” that justifies hierarchical status differences in society . Yet to be effective, these beliefs need to be embraced by low status groups. Why would members of low status groups endorse beliefs that justify their relative disadvantage? We propose that members of low status groups in the USA may benefit from some system‐justifying beliefs (such as the belief in meritocracy) to the extent that these beliefs emphasize the perception of control over future outcomes. In two studies, among women, lower socioeconomic status women, and women of color, we found a positive relationship between the belief in meritocracy and well‐being (self‐esteem and physical health) that was mediated by perceived control. Members of low status groups may benefit from some system‐justifying beliefs to the extent that these beliefs, such as the belief in meritocracy, emphasize the perception of control over future outcomes. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.