bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing a machine learning-based rapid visual screening method for seismic assessment of existing buildings on a case study data from the 2015 Gorkha, Nepal earthquake
Authors: Bektaş Nurullah , Kegyes-Brassai Orsolya 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEach existing building is required to be assessed before an impending severe earthquake utilizing Rapid Visual Screening (RVS) methods for its seismic safety since many buildings were constructed before seismic standards, without taking into account current regulations, and because they have a limited lifetime and safety based on how they were designed and maintained. Building damage brought on by earthquakes puts lives in danger and causes significant financial losses. Therefore, the fragility of each building needs to be determined and appropriate precautions need to be taken. RVS methods are used when assessing a large building stock since further in-depth vulnerability assessment methods are computationally expensive and costly to examine even one structure in a large building stock. RVS methods could be implemented in existing buildings in order to determine the damage potential that may occur during an impending earthquake and take necessary measures for decreasing the potential hazard. However, the reliability of conventional RVS methods is limited for accurately assessing large building stock. In this study, building inspection data acquired after the 2015 Gorkha, Nepal earthquake is used to train nine different machine learning algorithms (Decision Tree Classifier, Logistic Regression, Light Gradient Boosting Machine Classifier, eXtreme Gradient Boosting Classifier, Gradient Boosting Classifier, Random Forest Classifier, Support Vector Machines, K-Neighbors Classifier, and Cat Boost Classifier), which ultimately led to the development of a reliable RVS method. The post-earthquake building screening data was used to train, validate, and ultimately test the developed model. By incorporating advanced feature engineering techniques, highly sophisticated parameters were introduced into the developed RVS method. These parameters, including the distance to the earthquake source, fundamental structural period, and spectral acceleration, were integrated to enhance the assessment capabilities. This integration enabled the assessment of existing buildings in diverse seismically vulnerable areas. This study demonstrated a strong correlation between determining building damage states using the established RVS method and those observed after the earthquake. When comparing the developed method with the limited accuracy of conventional RVS methods reported in the literature, a test accuracy of 73% was achieved, surpassing conventional RVS methods by over 40% in accurately classifying building damage states. This emphasizes the importance of detailed data collection after an earthquake for the effective development of RVS methods.
Parametric seismic fragility model for elephant-foot buckling in unanchored steel storage tanks
Authors: Vasquez Munoz Luz Elizabeth , Dolšek Matjaž 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe parametric seismic fragility model of elephant-foot buckling (EFB) in the tank wall of the unanchored storage tanks is introduced by utilizing the results of a parametric study of eighteen tank-soil configurations. The model can be used to rapidly assess the seismic vulnerability to EFB for a larger number of tanks. The parametric study involved a 1D cloud-based soil response analysis to relate the ground-motion intensity measure at the bedrock with that at the free surface, and a pushover analysis of the refined finite element model of the tank to assess the engineering demand parameter in terms of axial compressive stress in the tank wall and the critical value that triggers EFB. As a consequence, the parametric seismic fragility model can be applied to intensity measures at the bedrock, as it is demonstrated for the spectral acceleration at the tank’s impulsive period, Se,bedrock,EFB, and the peak ground acceleration, PGAbedrock,EFB. The input parameters of the introduced seismic fragility model are the harmonic average shear-wave velocity in the top 30 m of soil, Vs,30, the slenderness ratio of the tank, H/R, the ratio between radius and wall thickness of the tank, R/t, and the standard deviation of log values for the intensity measure causing EFB. The model reliably predicts the median intensity measure causing the onset of EFB in the investigated tank-soil configurations, especially when Se,bedrock,EFB is selected for the intensity measure. However, further investigation is required to enhance the accuracy of predicted intensity measures that trigger EFB by considering the dynamic impact between the base plate and the foundation during an earthquake and accounting for the complete soil-structure interaction effects.
Using Speculative Fiction to Imagine Queer Abolition Real Utopias
Authors: Charlton Kayleigh 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis article uses speculative fiction as a method for exploring the potentialities of queer abolition utopias. Abolition utopias aim to strike a balance of hope and need, offering innovative alternatives to prison while also addressing the current penal and social realities of marginalised groups. Queer abolition utopias, informed by the literature in queer criminology, centres the experiences of LGBTQ + people in these innovative alternatives. This article presents 3 pieces of short speculative fiction (1) Finding Harmony House, (2) Glasgow East Community Forum, (3) Our Long weekend at Leuchars Lodge. All 3 stories centre an LGBTQ + character(s) who are facing a particular challenge or challenges in their life, and how said alternatives might play a role in their moving forward.
Plutonium isotopes can be used to model soil erosion in Kenya
Authors: Dowell Sophia , Humphrey Olivier , Isaboke Job , Barlow Thomas , Blake William , Osano Odipo , Watts Michael 
Published: July 2024

AbstractClimate change poses an immediate threat to tropical soils with changes in rainfall patterns resulting in accelerated land degradation processes. To ensure the future sustainability of arable land, it is essential to improve our understanding of the factors that influence soil erosion processes. This work aimed to evaluate patterns of soil erosion using the activity of plutonium isotopes (Pu) at sites with different land use and clearance scale in the Winam Gulf catchment of Lake Victoria in Kenya. Erosion rates were modelled at potential erosive sites using the MODERN model to understand small-scale erosion processes and the effect of different management practices. The lowest soil redistribution rates for arable land were 0.10 Mg ha−1 yr−1 showing overall deposition, resulting from community-led bottom-up mitigation practices. In contrast erosion rates of 8.93 Mg ha−1 yr−1 were found in areas where steep terraces have been formed. This demonstrates the significance of community-led participation in effectively managing land degradation processes. Another key factor identified in the acceleration of soil erosion rates was the clearance of land with an increased rate of erosion over three years reported (0.45 to 0.82 Mg ha−1 yr−1) underlining the importance vegetation cover plays in limiting soil erosion processes. This novel application of fallout plutonium as a tracer, highlights its potential to inform the understanding of how soil erosion processes respond to land management, which will better support implementation of effective mitigation strategies.
Graphical abstract
Modelling of soil erosion and deposition patterns using the MODERN model to calculate the depth of soil loss/gain.
Controlling exposure to As and Cd from rice via irrigation management
Authors: Limmer Matt A. , Seyfferth Angelia L. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIrrigation management controls biogeochemical cycles in rice production. Under flooded paddy conditions, arsenic becomes plant-available as iron-reducing conditions ensue, while oxic conditions lead to increased plant availability of Cd in acidic soils. Because Cd enters rice through Mn transporters, we hypothesized that irrigation resulting in intermediate redox could simultaneously limit both As and Cd in rice grain due to As retention in soil and Mn competition for Cd uptake. In a 2 year field study, we used 6 irrigation managements that varied in extent and frequency of inundation, and we observed strong effects of irrigation management on porewater chemistry, soil redox potentials, plant As and Cd concentrations, plant nutrient concentrations, and methane emissions. Plant As decreased with drier irrigation management, but in the grain this effect was stronger for organic As than for inorganic As. Grain organic As, but not inorganic As, was strongly and positively correlated with cumulative methane emissions. Conversely, plant Cd increased under more aerobic irrigation management and grain Cd was negatively correlated with porewater Mn. A hazard index approach showed that in the tested soil with low levels of As and Cd (5.4 and 0.072 mg/kg, respectively), irrigation management could not simultaneously decrease grain As and Cd. Many soil properties, such as reducible As, available Cd, soil pH, available S, and soil organic matter should be considered when attempting to optimize irrigation management when the goal is decreasing the risk of As and Cd in rice grain.
Trends and Variability in Earth’s Energy Imbalance and Ocean Heat Uptake Since 2005
Authors: Hakuba Maria Z. , Fourest Sébastien , Boyer Tim , Meyssignac Benoit , Carton James A. , Forget Gaël , Cheng Lijing , Giglio Donata , Johnson Gregory C. , Kato Seiji , Killick Rachel E. , Kolodziejczyk Nicolas , Kuusela Mikael , Landerer Felix , Llovel William , Locarnini Ricardo , Loeb Norman , Lyman John M. , Mishonov Alexey , Pilewskie Peter , Reagan James , Storto Andrea , Sukianto Thea , von Schuckmann Karina 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEarth’s energy imbalance (EEI) is a fundamental metric of global Earth system change, quantifying the cumulative impact of natural and anthropogenic radiative forcings and feedback. To date, the most precise measurements of EEI change are obtained through radiometric observations at the top of the atmosphere (TOA), while the quantification of EEI absolute magnitude is facilitated through heat inventory analysis, where ~ 90% of heat uptake manifests as an increase in ocean heat content (OHC). Various international groups provide OHC datasets derived from in situ and satellite observations, as well as from reanalyses ingesting many available observations. The WCRP formed the GEWEX-EEI Assessment Working Group to better understand discrepancies, uncertainties and reconcile current knowledge of EEI magnitude, variability and trends. Here, 21 OHC datasets and ocean heat uptake (OHU) rates are intercompared, providing OHU estimates ranging between 0.40 ± 0.12 and 0.96 ± 0.08 W m−2 (2005–2019), a spread that is slightly reduced when unequal ocean sampling is accounted for, and that is largely attributable to differing source data, mapping methods and quality control procedures. The rate of increase in OHU varies substantially between − 0.03 ± 0.13 (reanalysis product) and 1.1 ± 0.6 W m−2 dec−1 (satellite product). Products that either more regularly observe (satellites) or fill in situ data-sparse regions based on additional physical knowledge (some reanalysis and hybrid products) tend to track radiometric EEI variability better than purely in situ-based OHC products. This paper also examines zonal trends in TOA radiative fluxes and the impact of data gaps on trend estimates. The GEWEX-EEI community aims to refine their assessment studies, to forge a path toward best practices, e.g., in uncertainty quantification, and to formulate recommendations for future activities.
Provincializing Nature: A Phenomenological Account of Descola’s Relative Universalism
Authors: Barroso Gabriel 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAnthropologists have recently argued that the divide between nature and culture is not a universal framework suitable for understanding collective behavior but rather a local variation among various ways of composing the experience of the world. Notably, in the case of Philippe Descola’s anthropology, this critique led to a radical reconceptualization of social sciences and the humanities in terms of ontological regimes, which draws upon key aspects of the phenomenological tradition. In this paper, I develop a phenomenological perspective on Descola’s anthropology to clarify whether and how we can assess our engagement with the world beyond the divide between nature and culture. The paper is divided into three sections. In the first section, I present the main claims of Descola’s position, which he calls “relative universalism,” and introduce two critiques of this project: the potential conflation between his ontological framework and aspects of modern naturalism and the risk of reifying cultural determinations as ontological properties. In the second section, I address the first critique by showing how the universalist claim of Descola’s anthropology, according to which collective experience is organized by the duality of planes of physicality and interiority, can be elucidated through Husserl’s account of the embodied experience to avoid a conflation with the naturalist framework. Finally, I contend that anthropology’s idea of a diversity of ontological regimes can be made coherent by analyzing the two layers of the world constitution: the primordial experience of the lived body and the intersubjective process of communalization.
Back from the underworld: the exploitation of spring habitats by stygobiont species
Authors: Manenti Raoul , Zampieri Veronica , Pacinotti Giulia , Cassarino Filippomaria , Galbiati Matteo , Lapadula Stefano , Gajdošová Magdalena , Messina Valeria , Balestra Valentina , Falaschi Mattia , Ficetola Gentile Francesco , Barzaghi Benedetta 
Published: July 2024

AbstractStygobionts, namely animals with strong adaptations to subterranean environments that are unable to complete their life cycles outside groundwater, can be observed in spring ecotones, but their occurrence is generally considered accidental. The aim of this paper is to assess if stygobiont occurrence in springs is linked to specific environmental conditions or if it is random, irrespective of their features. For three years, we surveyed 59 spring sites recording the occurrence of vertebrate and invertebrate stygobiont species and assessing if spring features were related to their distribution. Moreover, we recorded the escape reactions of two easily identifiable stygobiont species. We detected six taxa usually considered as strictly stygobiont based on their troglomorphic features. Two of them were quite widespread: the salamander Proteus anguinus and the shrimp Troglocaris planinensis. Environmental characteristics were significantly related to the distribution of stygobionts. Hydroperiod and occurrence of flooding were the factors that played the strongest role in affecting occurrence. Our study suggests that the occurrence of stygobionts in springs is linked to specific habitat features rather than being a random mechanism and that the exploitation of ecotones can be important for the lifecycle of some species usually assumed to be strictly associated to caves.
Machine Learning Algorithms for Pricing End-of-Life Remanufactured Laptops
Authors: Turkolmez Gokce Baysal , El Hathat Zakaria , Subramanian Nachiappan , Kuppusamy Saravanan , Sreedharan V. Raja 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDue to the growing volume of e-waste in the world and its environmental impact, it is important to understand how to extend the useful life of electronic items. In this paper, we examine the remanufacturing process of end-of-life laptops for third-party remanufacturers and consider their pricing problem, which involves issues like a lack of reliable datasets, fluctuating costs of new components, and difficulties in benchmarking laptop prices, to name a few. We develop a unique approach that uses machine learning algorithms to help price remanufactured laptops. Our methodology involves a variety of techniques, which include an additive model, CART analysis, Random Forest, and Polynomial Regression. We consider depreciation and discount factors to account for the varying ages and conditions of laptops when estimating remanufactured laptop prices. Finally, we also compare our estimated prices to traditional prices. In summary, we leverage data-driven decision-making and develop a robust methodology for pricing remanufactured laptops to extend their lifespan.
TiO2/ZnO-based composite thin films coated on FTO surface by screen printing method: increasing dye-sensitized solar cell performance
Authors: Demir Abdullah , Aslan Fehmi , Esen Hikmet 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study examined the impact of hydrothermally synthesized TiO2:ZnO composite-based nanopowders on the efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Pure TiO2, 3TiO2:1ZnO, 1TiO2:1ZnO, 1TiO2:3ZnO, and pure ZnO thin films were coated on the conductive glass surface by the screen printing method. XRD and SEM were used to examine the thin film’s surface photographs and crystal structure, respectively. XRD analyses confirmed the formation of targeted crystal phases in the structure. It was understood from SEM studies that the TiO2:ZnO composite structure was formed successfully. I-V characterization results showed that the cell combined with the composite 3TiO2:1ZnO electrode had the highest power conversion efficiency (9.9%). In addition, it was determined from EIS analysis that interfacial charge transfer occurred more efficiently in cells with high TiO2 ratio.
Design and characterization of electroactive gelatin methacrylate hydrogel incorporated with gold nanoparticles empowered with parahydroxybenzaldehyde and curcumin for advanced tissue engineering applications
Authors: Barabadi Zahra , Bahmani Asrin , Jalalimonfared Marzieh , Ashrafizadeh Milad , Rashtbar Morteza , Sharifi Esmaeel , Tian Haili 
Published: July 2024

AbstractElectroconductive polymers are the materials of interest for the fabrication of electro-conductive tissues. Metal ions through the redox systems offer polymers with electrical conductivity. In this study, we processed a gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) network with gold nanoparticles (GNPs) through a redox system with parahydroxybenzaldehyde (PHB) or curcumin to enhance its electrical conductivity. Induction of the redox system with both PHB and curcumin into the GelMA, introduced some new functional groups into the polymeric network, as it has been confirmed by H-NMR and FTIR. These new bonds resulted in higher electro-conductivity when GNPs were added to the polymer. Higher electroactivity was achieved by PHB compared to the curcumin-induced redox system, and the addition of GNPs without redox system induction showed the lowest electroactivity. MTT was used to evaluate the biocompatibility of the resultant polymers, and the PHB-treated hydrogels showed higher proliferative effects on the cells. The findings of this study suggest that the introduction of a redox system by PHB in the GelMA network along with GNPs can contribute to the electrochemical properties of the material. This electroactivity can be advantageous for tissue engineering of electro-conductive tissues like cardiac and nervous tissues.
Graphical Abstract
Exclusive Characteristics of the p.E555K Dominant-Negative Variant in Autosomal Dominant E47 Deficiency
Authors: Utsumi Takanori , Tsumura Miyuki , Yashiro Masato , Kato Zenichiro , Noma Kosuke , Sakura Fumiaki , Kagawa Reiko , Mizoguchi Yoko , Karakawa Shuhei , Ohnishi Hidenori , Cunningham-Rundles Charlotte , Arkwright Peter D. , Kobayashi Masao , Kanegane Hirokazu , Bogunovic Dusan , Boisson Bertrand , Casanova Jean-Laurent , Asano Takaki , Okada Satoshi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Transcription factor 3 (TCF3) encodes 2 transcription factors generated by alternative splicing, E12 and E47, which contribute to early lymphocyte differentiation. In humans, autosomal dominant (AD) E47 transcription factor deficiency is an inborn error of immunity characterized by B-cell deficiency and agammaglobulinemia. Only the recurrent de novo p.E555K pathogenic variant has been associated with this disease and acts via a dominant-negative (DN) mechanism. In this study, we describe the first Asian patient with agammaglobulinemia caused by the TCF3 p.E555K variant and provide insights into the structure and function of this variant.

Methods
TCF3 variant was identified by inborn errors of immunity-related gene panel sequencing. The variant E555K was characterized by alanine scanning of the E47 basic region and comprehensive mutational analysis focused on position 555.

Results
The patient was a 25-year-old male with B-cell deficiency, agammaglobulinemia, and mild facial dysmorphic features. We confirmed the diagnosis of AD E47 transcription factor deficiency by identifying a heterozygous missense variant, c.1663 G>A; p.E555K, in TCF3. Alanine scanning of the E47 basic region revealed the structural importance of position 555. Comprehensive mutational analysis focused on position 555 showed that only the glutamate-to-lysine substitution had a strong DN effect. 3D modeling demonstrated that this variant not only abolished hydrogen bonds involved in protein‒DNA interactions, but also inverted the charge on the surface of the E47 protein.

Conclusions
Our study reveals the causative mutation hotspot in the TCF3 DN variant and highlights the weak negative selection associated with the TCF3 gene.
Shaping Baltimore’s urban forests: past insights for present-day ecology
Authors: Sonti Nancy F. , Baker Matthew E. , Lagrosa John J. , Allman Michael , Grove J. Morgan , Katoski Michelle P. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Context
Land use history of urban forests impacts present-day soil structure, vegetation, and ecosystem function, yet is rarely documented in a way accessible to planners and land managers.

Objectives
To (1) summarize historical land cover of present-day forest patches in Baltimore, MD, USA across land ownership categories and (2) determine whether social-ecological characteristics vary by historical land cover trajectory.

Methods
Using land cover classification derived from 1927 and 1953 aerial imagery, we summarized present-day forest cover by three land cover sequence classes: (1) Persistent forest that has remained forested since 1927, (2) Successional forest previously cleared for non-forest vegetation (including agriculture) that has since reforested, or (3) Converted forest that has regrown on previously developed areas. We then assessed present-day ownership and average canopy height of forest patches by land cover sequence class.

Results
More than half of Baltimore City’s forest has persisted since at least 1927, 72% since 1953. About 30% has succeeded from non-forest vegetation during the past century, while 15% has reverted from previous development. A large proportion of forest converted from previous development is currently privately owned, whereas persistent and successional forest are more likely municipally-owned. Successional forest occurred on larger average parcels with the fewest number of distinct property owners per patch. Average tree canopy height was significantly greater in patches of persistent forest (mean = 18.1 m) compared to canopy height in successional and converted forest patches (16.6 m and 16.9 m, respectively).

Conclusions
Historical context is often absent from urban landscape ecology but provides information that can inform management approaches and conservation priorities with limited resources for sustaining urban natural resources. Using historical landscape analysis, urban forest patches could be further prioritized for protection by their age class and associated ecosystem characteristics.