bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feed First, Ask Questions Later: Alleviating and Understanding Caregiver Food Insecurity in an Urban Children’s Hospital
Authors: Makelarski Jennifer A. , Thorngren Daniel , Lindau Stacy Tessler 
Published: June 2015

Objectives. We estimated the prevalence of caregiver hospital food insecurity (defined as not getting enough to eat during a child’s hospitalization), examined associations between food insecurity and barriers to food access, and propose a conceptual framework to inform remedies to this problem. Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 200 caregivers of hospitalized children in Chicago, Illinois (June through December 2011). A self-administered questionnaire assessed sociodemographic characteristics, barriers to food, and caregiver hospital food insecurity. Results. Caregiver hospital food insecurity was prevalent (32%). Caregivers who were aged 18 to 34 years, Black or African American, unpartnered, and with less education were more likely to experience hospital food insecurity. Not having enough money to buy food at the hospital, lack of reliable transportation, and lack of knowledge of where to get food at the hospital were associated with hospital food insecurity. The proposed conceptual framework posits a bidirectional relationship between food insecurity and health, emphasizing the interdependencies between caregiver food insecurity and patient outcomes. Conclusions. Strategies are needed to identify and feed caregivers and to eradicate food insecurity in homes of children with serious illness.
Pratiques de RSE sociale dans les PME libanaises : une prise de conscience
Authors: Chidiac El Hajj Mireille 
Published: June 2015

Le présent article traite le concept de la Responsabilité Sociale de l’Entreprise (RSE) dans le contexte libanais. L’objectif de cette étude est de comprendre l’engagement de la Petite et Moyenne Entreprise (PME) libanaise dans le développement économique durable, et d’étudier le visage social de la RSE, en privilégiant la relation dirigeant-salarié. Un questionnaire soumis à une trentaine de propriétaires-dirigeants de PME de secteurs différents prouve que les dirigeants de ces PME intègrent, sans le savoir, le concept de la RSE, et qu’il existe une relation entre la culture organisationnelle, l’adoption des pratiques sociales et la performance des entreprises. Les résultats ont montré qu’en combinant leurs préoccupations sociales à leurs activités commerciales, les propriétaires-dirigeants s’attendent en contrepartie à un retour sur la RSE, dans un mode de relation bilatérale « donnant-donnant ». L’implantation d’une culture sociale spécifique et stimulante au sein de la PME, dans un cadre de pratiques équitables, serait appréciée.
Bør man tillate at norske statsborgere benytter seg av surrogati i India?
Authors: Haukeland Annelin , Heggebø Liv Cathrine , Bærøe Kristine 
Published: June 2015

I Norge er ikke surrogati tillatt, og myndighetene fraråder norske statsborgere å benytte seg av surrogati i utlandet. I denne artikkelen fokuserer vi på kommersiell gestational surrogati og stiller spørsmålet: Bør man tillate at norske statsborgere benytter seg av surrogati i India? De etiske problemstillingene rundt surrogati er mange og sammensatte og blir spesielt utfordrende når tjenesten tilbys i et land med store kulturelle og økonomiske forskjeller både internt og i forhold til Norge. Vi baserer analysen og drøftingen av dette etisk utfordrende spørsmålet på Beauchamps og Childress sin veletablerte metodiske tilnærming innen biomedisinsk etikk. Vi anvender de fire allmennmoralske prinsipper: respekt for autonomi, velgjørenhet, ikke-skade og rettferdighet på sakskomplekset for å synliggjøre spenningene involvert i dette etiske dilemmaet. Med full bevissthet om at det ikke finnes noen lettvinte og omkostningsfrie løsninger på dilemmaer generelt og dette spesielt, konkluderer vi med at interessene til de berørte parter, og spesielt surrogatmødrenes, kan bli bedre ivaretatt om surrogati tillates under omfattende reguleringer. Dersom man velger å gjøre praksisen illegal, vil man også miste mulighetene til å påvirke prosessen og sikre rettighetene til de involverte partene.Nøkkelord: surrogati, Norge–India, utnyttelse, autonomi, regulering av prosessenEnglish summary: Should Norwegian citizens be permitted to use surrogacy in India?Surrogacy is not permitted in Norway, and the government strongly advises against Norwegian citizens travelling abroad to have children through the use of the surrogacy industry. In this article, we focus on commercial gestational surrogacy and debate the question: Should Norwegian citizens be permitted to use surrogacy in India? The ethical concerns regarding surrogacy are complex and are especially challenging when the service is offered in a country with big cultural and economic differences both internal and in comparison to Norway. We base our analysis of this ethical, challenging question on Beauchamp’s and Childress’s well-established approach within biomedical ethics. We apply the four principles of respect for autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence and justice to shed light on the conflicts of interests in this ethical dilemma. With full awareness that there are no simple and correct solutions to dilemmas in general and on this issue, especially, our conclusion is that the interests of the involved parties, and especially those of the surrogate mothers, might be better attended to if surrogacy is allowed with extensive regulations. If this practice is made illegal, the opportunity to influence the process and secure the rights of the involved parties is lost.
Gene delivery of neurturin to putamen and substantia nigra in Parkinson disease: A double‐blind, randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Warren Olanow C. , Bartus Raymond T. , Baumann Tiffany L. , Factor Stewart , Boulis Nicholas , Stacy Mark , Turner Dennis A. , Marks William , Larson Paul , Starr Phillip A. , Jankovic Joseph , Simpson Richard , Watts Ray , Guthrie Barton , Poston Kathleen , Henderson Jaimie M. , Stern Matthew , Baltuch Gordon , Goetz Christopher G. , Herzog Christopher , Kordower Jeffrey H. , Alterman Ron , Lozano Andres M. , Lang Anthony E. 
Published: June 2015

ObjectiveA 12‐month double‐blind sham‐surgery–controlled trial assessing adeno‐associated virus type 2 (AAV2)‐neurturin injected into the putamen bilaterally failed to meet its primary endpoint, but showed positive results for the primary endpoint in the subgroup of subjects followed for 18 months and for several secondary endpoints. Analysis of postmortem tissue suggested impaired axonal transport of neurturin from putamen to substantia nigra. In the present study, we tested the safety and efficacy of AAV2‐neurturin delivered to putamen and substantia nigra.MethodsWe performed a 15‐ to 24‐month, multicenter, double‐blind trial in patients with advanced Parkinson disease (PD) who were randomly assigned to receive bilateral AAV2‐neurturin injected bilaterally into the substantia nigra (2.0 × 1011 vector genomes) and putamen (1.0 × 1012 vector genomes) or sham surgery. The primary endpoint was change from baseline to final visit performed at the time the last enrolled subject completed the 15‐month evaluation in the motor subscore of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale in the practically defined off state.ResultsFifty‐one patients were enrolled in the trial. There was no significant difference between groups in the primary endpoint (change from baseline: AAV2‐neurturin, −7.0 ± 9.92; sham, −5.2 ± 10.01; p = 0.515) or in most secondary endpoints. Two subjects had cerebral hemorrhages with transient symptoms. No clinically meaningful adverse events were attributed to AAV2‐neurturin.InterpretationAAV2‐neurturin delivery to the putamen and substantia nigra bilaterally in PD was not superior to sham surgery. The procedure was well tolerated, and there were no clinically significant adverse events related to AAV2‐neurturin. Ann Neurol 2015;78:248–257
Towards next generation CHO cell biology: Bioinformatics methods for RNA‐Seq‐based expression profiling
Authors: Monger Craig , Kelly Paul S. , Gallagher Clair , Clynes Martin , Barron Niall , Clarke Colin 
Published: June 2015

AbstractHigh throughput, cost effective next generation sequencing (NGS) has enabled the publication of genome sequences for Cricetulus griseus and several Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines. RNA‐Seq, the utilization of NGS technology to study the transcriptome, is expanding our understanding of the CHO cell biological system in areas ranging from the analysis of transcription start sites to the discovery of small noncoding RNAs. The analysis of RNA‐Seq data, often comprised of several million short reads, presents a considerable challenge. If the CHO cell biology field is to fully exploit the potential of RNA‐Seq, the development of robust data analysis pipelines is critical. In this manuscript, we outline bioinformatics approaches for the stages of a typical RNA‐Seq expression profiling experiment including quality control, pre‐processing, alignment and de novo transcriptome assembly. Algorithms for the analysis of mRNA and microRNA (miRNA) expression as well as methods for the detection of alternative splicing from RNA‐Seq data are also presented. At this relatively early stage of Cricetulus griseus genome assembly and annotation, it is likely that a combination of isoform deconvolution and raw count based methods will provide the most complete picture of transcript expression patterns in CHO cell RNA‐Seq experiments.
Methanol – die Basischemikalie
Authors: Bertau Martin , Räuchle Konstantin , Offermanns Heribert 
Published: June 2015

AbstractMethanol, das entweder aus Synthesegas auf Basis von Erdgas bzw. Kohle oder aus Kohlendioxid und Wasserstoff (z.B. aus der Elektrolyse von Wasser mit Windenergie oder Kernkraft) gewonnen werden kann, hat das Potential, eine führende Rolle als Treibstoff, Energie‐ und Chemierohstoff zu übernehmen. Als flüssiger Energiespeicher ist es zugleich auch als Transportform für chemisch gebundene Energie einsetzbar. Durch Homologisierung, beispielsweise im Rahmen der “Mobil‐Zeolithprozesse” (MTG, MTO, MTA) als auch über die methanolbasierenden Plattformchemikalien Methylformiat und Dimethylether, ist ein Großteil des Spektrums der industriellen organischen Chemie zugänglich. Durch seine vielseitigen Einsatzmöglichkeiten kann Methanol Erdöl und zukünftig auch Erdgas als die gegenwärtig führenden Rohstoffe für organische Chemieprodukte nahtlos ersetzen.
Questions of Matter
Authors: Albers Peggy , Turnbull Sarah , Angay‐Crowder Tuba ,   with the GCLR Research Team: Aram Cho, JiHye Shin, Christi Pace, MyoungEun Pang, MandiSena, & JinKyeong Jung
Published: June 2015

AbstractHow professional development is delivered in today's networked world has shifted greatly, and research into online spaces of learning is growing. Numerous questions, however, remain regarding how online spaces can be leveraged to foster meaningful conversations that address current critical educational issues. This qualitative study examines the complex nature of questions and discussions that emerge in and across a critical literacy Web seminar project, Global Conversations in Literacy Research (GCLR), a series of open‐access Web seminars that engage global audiences in discussions around literacy theory, research, and practice. This article addresses the following research questions: (1) When initial questions are posed, how are the discussion questions taken up by participants and speakers in this critical literacy Web seminar project? (2) What learning occurs in online professional development spaces grounded in critical literacy?
Cardiac adaptations of bullfrog tadpoles in response to chytrid infection
Authors: Salla Raquel Fernanda , Gamero Fernando Urban , Ribeiro Larissa Rodrigues , Rizzi Gisele Miglioranza , Medico Samuel Espinosa Dal , Rissoli Rafael Zanelli , Vieira Conrado Augusto , Silva‐zacarin Elaine Cristina Mathias , Leite Domingos Silva , Abdalla Fábio Camargo , Toledo Luis Felipe , Costa Monica Jones 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTThe chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) can result in heart failure in Bd‐susceptible species. Since Bd infection generally does not cause mortality in North American bullfrogs, the aim of this work was to verify whether this species presents any cardiac adaptation that could improve the tolerance to the fungus. Thus, we analyzed tadpoles' activity level, relative ventricular mass, ventricle morphology, in loco heart frequency, and in vitro cardiac function. The results indicate that infected animals present an increase in both ventricular relative mass and in myofibrils' incidence, which accompanied the increase in myocytes' diameter. Such morphological alterations enabled an increase in the in vitro twitch force that, in vivo, would result in elevation of the cardiac stroke volume. This response requires much less energy expenditure than an elevation in heart frequency, but still enables the heart to pump a higher volume of blood per minute (i.e., an increase in cardiac output). As a consequence, the energy saved in the regulation of the cardiac function of Bd‐infected tadpoles can be employed in other homeostatic adjustments to avoid the lethal effect of the fungus. Whether other species present this ability, and to what extent, remains uncertain, but such possible interspecific variability might explain different mortality rates among different species of Bd‐infected amphibians. J. Exp. Zool. 323A: 487–496, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Social Tourism and Healthy Ageing
Authors: Ferrer Jordi Garcés , Sanz Mireia Ferri , Ferrandis Estrella Durá , McCabe Scott , García Javier Sánchez 
Published: June 2015

AbstractRecent research in social tourism notes possible links between tourism participation and improvements in health. However, there is a lack of quantitative evidence concerning the potential links between tourism participation and self‐reported health amongst older people. An ageing society requires measures to promote independent living and enhance older people's quality of life. This paper provides evidence that older tourists are more active and healthy than non‐tourists, from a study comparing health perceptions amongst Spanish older people. The results provide tentative conclusions of causal relationships between tourism and dimensions of physical and mental health through a Structural Equation Model. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Status Has Its Privileges: The Psychological Benefit of Status‐Reinforcing Behaviors
Authors: Ivanic Aarti S. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTMany firms use loyalty programs to stratify their customers into status tiers and reward those with high status with special privileges. This research documents how consumers with high status willingly incur a cost to utilize the exclusive privileges, termed “status‐reinforcing behaviors,” that accompany their high status because doing so reinforces their high‐status identity. They do so in the absence of threats to their high status or self‐worth and also in the absence of an opportunity to conspicuously signal their high status to others through face‐to‐face interactions. This suggests that the behavior is undertaken neither for compensatory nor conspicuous reasons. Across two studies, results indicate that consumers who hold high status in a loyalty program engage in “status‐reinforcing behaviors,” even when doing so offers no material or conspicuous signaling benefit and in fact causes them to incur some costs. Engaging in status‐reinforcing behaviors yields a distinct psychological outcome—elevated feelings of prestige. Results indicate that when high status is made salient, individuals demonstrate a greater propensity to engage in status‐reinforcing behaviors. However, individuals who have a reinforced sense of status (i.e., already validated their high‐status position) are less likely to engage in status‐reinforcing behaviors, which suggests that utilizing status privileges does serve as a reinforcing behavior, even in the absence of a status threat.
Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics of Fluticasone Furoate/Vilanterol in Healthy Chinese Subjects
Authors: Chen Xia , Zheng Xin , Jiang Ji , Hu Pei , Wu Kai , Zhuang Lihong , Liu Lian , Du Xin , Kempsford Rodger , Allen Ann 
Published: June 2015

Study ObjectiveTo investigate the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profiles of fluticasone furoate (FF)/vilanterol (VI) – a fixed‐dose combination of an inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) and a long‐acting β2‐agonist for the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease – after single and repeat administration in healthy Chinese subjects.DesignDouble‐blind, placebo‐controlled, single‐site, randomized, four‐way crossover study.SettingThe Clinical Pharmacological Research Centre at Peking Union Medical College Hospital [PUMCH]) in Beijing, China.SubjectsSixteen healthy, nonsmoking Chinese adults.InterventionSubjects were randomized to receive FF/VI 50/25, 100/25, or 200/25 μg, or placebo once/daily in the morning, delivered by the Ellipta dry powder inhaler, for 7 consecutive days. The subjects then received the other three treatments, with each treatment period separated by a 7‐day washout period.Measurements and Main ResultsThe co‐primary outcome measures reflected pharmacodynamic responses relating to recognized class effects of the two drug classes: reduced serum cortisol level (ICSs), and increased Fridericia's corrected QT interval (QTcF) and reduced serum potassium level (long‐acting β2‐agonists). Co‐primary pharmacodynamic endpoints were 0–24‐hour weighted mean serum cortisol level on day 7 (cortisol0–24 hr, Day 7), and 0–4‐hour weighted mean and maximum QTcF and weighted mean and minimum serum potassium level on days 1 and 7. Fluticasone furoate and VI plasma concentrations, derived pharmacokinetic parameters, and safety were also assessed. Of the 16 subjects randomized, 15 completed the study. Reductions in cortisol0–24 hour, Day 7 of 15% and 25% were observed with FF/VI 100/25 and 200/25 μg, respectively, versus placebo. Minor increases (< 10 msec) in maximum QTcF on day 7 were seen with FF/VI 50/25 and 100/25 μg but not with 200/25 μg. Slight decreases in serum potassium level were only observed in subjects receiving FF/VI 50/25 μg on day 1 and FF/VI 50/25 and 200/25 μg on day 7. Fluticasone furoate accumulation (day 7 vs day 1) for FF/VI 50/25–200/25 μg ranged from 38 to 54% for maximum observed concentration and 63–71% for area under the concentration‐time curve from 0 to 4 hours. Fluticasone furoate pharmacokinetics were less than dose proportional. The VI pharmacokinetic profiles were similar for all three FF/VI doses. Adverse events were all mild in intensity and were reported by 13 (81%) of the 16 subjects.ConclusionIn healthy Chinese subjects, minimal and non–clinically relevant β‐adrenergic pharmacodynamic effects were observed with FF/VI doses ranging from 50/25 to 200/25 μg. FF dose‐dependent reductions in serum cortisol levels of 15–25% were seen after administration of FF/VI 100/25 and 200/25 μg. FF/VI was safe and well tolerated in these subjects at doses ranging from 50/25 to 200/25 μg.
A systematic review of distributed Agile software engineering
Authors: Rizvi Buturab , Bagheri Ebrahim , Gasevic Dragan 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe combination of Agile methods and distributed software development via remote teams represents an emerging approach to address the challenges such as late feedback, slow project timelines, and high cost, typically associated with software development projects. However, when projects are implemented using an Agile model with distributed human resources, there are a number of challenges that need to be considered and mitigated. The objectives of our work are multifold. First, we would like to understand the reasons and conditions that lead to the adoption of distributed Agile software engineering (DASE) practices. Second, we would like to investigate and find out the most important risks that threaten a DASE approach and what mitigation strategies exist to address them. Finally, we would like to highlight which of the available approaches among the existing Agile methodologies has been successfully adopted by the community. We intend to solidify our findings by exploring the strength of the evidence that has been reported in the literature.We carried out a systematic literature review of DASE techniques and approaches. This systematic literature review found time zone difference, knowledge of resources, lack of infrastructure, missing roles, and responsibilities as being the primary challenges that needed to be addressed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stories, proverbs, and anecdotes as scaffolds for learning science concepts
Authors: Mutonyi Harriet 
Published: June 2015

AbstractFew research studies in science education have looked at how stories, proverbs, and anecdotes can be used as scaffolds for learning. Stories, proverbs, and anecdotes are cultural tools used in indigenous communities to teach children about their environment. The study draws on Bruner's work and the theory of border crossing to argue that stories, proverbs, and anecdotes can be useful tools in the teaching of science concepts. The study uses a qualitative approach to understand how students in a secondary school in Uganda were appropriating stories, proverbs, and anecdotes to explain their understanding on health and HIV‐related issues. The data collection methods included interviews, focus group discussions, journaling, and document collection. The major finding is that use of stories, proverbs, and anecdotes drawn from the students' cultural context helps them understand science concepts. The main argument of the article is that cultural tools (stories, proverbs, anecdotes) can be used to scaffold students' learning of scientific concepts. The implications are that stories, proverbs, and anecdotes can be used to help students may not be inclined to science, to enter into the world of science by linking their everyday world to the culture of science. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 53: 943–971, 2016
The Bare Minimum: The Reality of Global Anaesthesia and Patient Safety
Authors: McQueen Kelly , Coonan Tom , Ottaway Andrew , Hendel Simon , Bagutifils Paulin R. , Froese Alison , Neighbor Robert , Perndt Haydn 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIntroductionCurrent guidelines for the provision of safe anaesthesia from the World Health Organization and the World Federation of Societies of Anaesthesiologists (WFSA) are unachievable in a majority of low and middle‐income countries (LMICs) worldwide.MethodsCurrent guidelines for anaesthesia and patient safety provisions from the WHO and WFSA are compared with local ability to achieve these recommendations in LMICs.ConclusionsInfluential international organizations have historically published anaesthesia guidelines, but for the most part, without impacting substantial documentable changes or outcomes in low‐income environments. This analysis, and subsequent recommendations, reviews the effectiveness of existing strategies for international guidelines, and proposes practical, step‐wise implementation of patient safety approaches for LMICs.