bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eine Komplementbindungsreaktion zum Nachweis der bei Leukämieviren verschiedener Säuger vorkommenden gemeinsamen antigenen Komponente
Authors: Schäfer Werner , Lange Jens , Pister Liselotte , Seifert Eveline , Noronha Fernando de , Schmidt Friedrich-Wilhelm 
Published: February 2015

By immunization of a rabbit with purified gs-antigen from mouse leukemia virus (MLV) a potent antiserum (R-gs-serum) was obtained, which reacts specifically with gs-antigen of MLV.
In cat leukemia virus (KLV) two types of antigens, probably both group specific, could be demonstrated with anti-KLV-sera by Ouchterlony test. One of these was shown with MLV-sera to be identical with a MLV-gs-antigen component. This antigen occurring in both viruses is called gsinterspecies (interspec.) antigen.
R-gs-serum allowed to detect gs-interspec. antigen also by the more sensitive CF-test. [Lispa (leukemia virus interspec. antigen) CF-test]. Preliminary experiments with this test indicated that bovine leukosis as well as human cancer cells can produce an agent in tissue culture which is serologically related to MLV.
Mittlerer Aktivitätskoeffizient von KCl in Zytoplasma-Fraktionen aus Kalbsleberzellen
Authors: Pfister H. 
Published: February 2015

Die Kenntnis der chemischen Potentiale der Salze im Zytoplasma gibt Aufschluß darüber, ob die Wechselwirkungen zwischen den Komponenten des Zytoplasmas mit dem Modell einer kompliziert zusammengesetzten, konzentrierten makromolekularen Lösung zu beschreiben sind oder ob im Zytoplasma ein hydratisiertes makromolekulares Netzwerk vorliegt, in dem die Salzionen durch starke Wechselwirkungen zum Teil immobilisiert werden, wie in der Sorptionstheorie von Troshin oder der Association-Induction-Hypothese von Ling angenommen wird.
Als Modell für das Zytoplasma dienten konzentrierte Zytoplasma-Fraktionen aus Kalbsleber, deren Salze vollständig durch KCl in physiologischer lonenstärke ersetzt wurden. Als Maß für das chemische Potential wurde neben den lonenkonzentrationen der mittlere Aktivitätskoeffizient von KCl über EMK-Messungen an einer Dreikompartment-Meßzelle mit einer Kationen- und einer Anionenaustauscher-Membranelektrode bestimmt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß der mittlere Aktivitätskoeffizient von KCl in den Zytoplasma-Fraktionen mit steigender Makromolekülkonzentration abnimmt, aber nur geringfügig gegenüber dem Wert in reinen KCl-Lösungen gleicher Konzentration erniedrigt wird. Das gilt auch dann, wenn man bei der Berechnung der Ionenkonzentrationen etwa 0,4 g gebundenes Wasser pro g Makromolekül-Trockengewicht als non-solvent-Wasser berücksichtigt. Bei einer Bindung oder Immobilisierung der Salzionen in dem makromolekularen System wäre dagegen eine starke Erniedrigung der mittleren Aktivitätskoeffizienten zu erwarten.
Die Permeation von Ionen als Bewegung durch eine elektrostatische Barriere / Membrane Structure in Plants: Permeation of Ions as a Movement across an Electrostatic Barrier
Authors: Weigl Josef 
Published: February 2015

Efflux of ions across the plasmalemma of root cells was studied in order to understand how the plasmalemma acts as a barrier to passive ion distribution.
High external concentrations of salts (KCl, CaSO4 etc.) were found to increase the permeability of the plasmalemma to Cl⊖. The decrease in resistance of the plasmalemma to anion permeation was suggested to be due to binding of cations to negatively charged groups of the membrane. We have stressed the significance of binding of cations (Ca2⨁, H⨁, K⨁, Na⨁) to phospholipid films10 for the mechanism of ion permeation across the plasmalemma of plant cells1-4. H○-efflux from salt-loaded roots is likely to be stimulated with increasing external salt concentration. Efflux of Cl⊖ was stimulated by externally applied H2SO4. The different effect of Ca2⨁-salts on Cl⊖- and Rb® (K®)-permeability of salt-loaded roots suggests that it is not only he H⨁-ions which decrease the charge density of the membrane but also the Ca2O-ions (and monovalent cations at sufficient concentrations?). Thus Ca2⨁ increases passive anion permeability by decreasing the density of negative charges of the membrane and decreases passive (nonspecific) monovalent cation permeability. Ca2⨁ and H⨁ (K⨁, Na⨁) appear to act synergistically on Cl⊖-permeability and antagonistically on monovalent cation permeability.
The high Rb® (K®)-efflux across the plasmalemma (fig. 1) may contribute to the electric conductance and potential of the plasmalemma. The plasmalemma is to be expected to depolarize as the pH of the medium is lowered. However, this would not unequivocally point to H⨁-conductance as a major component f plasmalemma conductance (KITASATO 16), since permeability of the plasmalemma to Cl⊖(PCl) appears o be increased as the pH is lowered.
It is concluded that the plasmalemma of plant cells acts as an electrostatic barrier against anion diffusion. The lipid of the membrane favours the permeability to apoiar molecules as suggested by OVERTON 5 and COLLANDER 6. The general barrier action to the movement of polaf and charged molecules is believed to arise from a compact arrangement of cholesterol and apoiar hydrocarbon chains of phospholipids (and apoiar amino acid residues). Small polar molecules penetrate the lipid lattice easier than big polar molecules. However, the charged groups of the phospholipids play an important role in permeability to ions rather than the plasmalemma being an electrically neutral lipid filter.
Strahlenchemie von alkoholen XV
Authors: Sonntag C. v. , Thoms E. 
Published: February 2015

In the γ-radiolysis of aqueous N2O-saturated solutions of ethylene glycol (0,1 M) the following products (G-values at 20°C) were found: succinaldehyde (1,7S), glycolaldehyde (1,05), acetaldehyde (1,2), 3,4-dihydroxybutanal (0,22), and erythritol (0,15). Radicals from the water radiolysis (H˙ and ˙OH) attack ethylene glycol and yield ˙CHOH -CH2OH radicals. These radicals readily split off water yielding ˙CH2- CHO radicals [reaction (3)]. All products can be explained by disproportionation or dimerization of these two radicals. Material balance of products formed with respect to the primary yields of ˙H and ˙OH radicals from water radiolysis was obtained.
˙CHOH-CH2OH -+ CHO-CH2˙ +H2O. (3)
CHO-CH2˙+CH2OH-CH2OH→CHO-CH3+˙CHOH-CH2OH. (9)
In contrast to the yields of the other products the acetaldehyde yield depends strongly on ethylene glycol concentration and temperature. With increasing temperature and ethylene glycol concentration the chain (3) - (9) - (3) becomes more and more important
Der Einfluß von Sulfoxylaten auf die Photoleitfähigkeit chemisch hergestellter Bleisulfidschichten / The Influence of Sulfoxylates on the Photoconductivity of Chemically Deposited Lead Sulfide Layers
Authors: Kunze O. A. , Malan O. G. , Büger P. A. , Fink W. 
Published: February 2015

In addition to the procedure of partial oxidation of lead sulfide layers in order to increase their photoconductivity it was found that reduction may have a similar effect.
When used as additives to the conventional thiourea-plumbite solution, the compounds aminoiminomethanesulfinic acid (1), rongalite or sodium dithionite, which all may form sulfoxylate in aqueous solution, enhance the photoconductivity of the deposited layers.
Addition of H2O2 or PbO2 has a similar, less pronounced effect, which may also be ascribed to the intermediate oxidation of thiourea to 1.
Physikalische und biologische Halbwertzeit von radiochemisch reinem 59Fe / Physical and Biological Half-Life of Radiochemically Pure 59Fe
Authors: Heinrich H. C. , Gabbe E. E. , Whang D. H. 
Published: February 2015

At delivery commercial 59Fe-preparations contain up to 1% contamination by 60Co, 65Zn, 54Mn, 46Sc, 134Cs, etc., so that the physical half-life of such preparations is not constant and starts to increase permanently after about 100 days. Anion exchange chromatography was used to prepare 59Fe with a radiochemical purity of ≧ 99.999999% as demonstrated by analytical anion exchange chromatography, paper- and thin-layer chromatography, and γ-spectroscopy. The physical half-life of radiochemically pure 59Fe was found to be constant over 500 days with 44.52 ± 0.016 days (λ= 0.015568 ± 0.0000056 [d-1]).
The whole-body retention of radiochemically pure 59Fe was measured in man over one year with a 4 π-geometry whole-body radioactivity detector and utilized for the estimation of the effective half-life of 59Fe. The correct physical half-life of radiochemically pure 59Fe was used for the calculation of the biological half-life. Normal male subjects showed an effective half-life of 43.6 ± 0.34 days and a biological half-life of 2136 ± 807 days. This means a whole-body-59Fe-turnover rate of 0.032 ± 0.012%/d equivalent to 1.25 ± 0.46 mg Fe/d (for a whole-body iron pool of 3850 mg in a 70 kg man). Menstruating females were observed to have effective half-lives of 43.1 ± 0.22 days and therefore biological half-lives of 1389 ± 224 days. Their whole-body-59Fe-turnover rate is higher (than in males) with 0.050 ± 0.008%/d. For an optimal whole-body iron pool of 3300 mg (in 60 kg female) this would mean an iron loss of 1.65 ± 0.26 mg/d. Non-menstruating females were quite similar to males. They showed effective and biological 59Fe-half-lives of 43.5 ± 0.48 and 1833 ± 857 days, respectively. Their whole-body-59Fe-turnover rate was calculated to be 0.038 ± 0.018%/d or 1.25 ± 0.59 mg Fe/d (60 kg female with 3300 mg Fe-pool). These experimental data are the first direct and reliable proof for the magnitude of daily iron loss and iron requirements in man.
Zur Pleiotropie des wh- und el-Locus bei Habrobracon juglandis / Concerning Pleiotropism of wh and el Locus in Habrobracon juglandis
Authors: Leibenguth Friedrich 
Published: February 2015

The two autonomously manifesting mutations, eyeless (el) and white eyes (wh), of Habrobracon juglandis were compared phenotypically with the wild-type.
Eyeless reduces the compound eyes in size. The penetrance is 100%, while expressivity ranges from point-shaped ommochrome crumbs over individual facets to a small eye with abundant facets.
There is no correlation between the sizes of left and right eyes. The head capsule is more deformed when the eye is smaller. The homozygote ♀♀ of wild-type have smaller eyes than the hemizygote ♂♂. This gene dose effect is still stronger in el. wh causes white eye colour which remains throughout lifetime.
With regard to the amount of eye pigment the three stocks can be arranged in the following sequence: wild type >el>wh. The concentrations of ommochrome precursors, however, do not agree with this sequence.
The amount of 3-hydroxykynurenine in el is the same as in wild-type; although in pupal stage the peak in the former appears earlier.
The kynurenine concentration in el increases at the time of pupation and induces the beginning of pigmentation earlier than in wild-type; further this process is terminated in el earlier.
In wh and in wild-type the amount of kynurenine is also the same. However, there is much less 3-hydroxykynurenine in wh than in wild-type. This is presumably due to a lower kynurenine hydroxylase activity. During the entire postembryonal development there is more xanthurenic and kynurenic acid in wh; in pupal stage, even, there is a second peak.
Pupae and adults of wh have a higher kynurenine and presumably also a higher 3-hydroxykynurenine transaminase activity than wild-type.
The influence of the mutation wh on the differential rates of hydroxylation and transamination is discussed in relation to the results obtained with mutants of the white locus in Drosophila.
Pulsradiolytische Untersuchung der oxydativen Ringöffnung von Furan, Thiophen und Pyrrol / Pulsradiolytic Investigations of the Oxydativ Ring Scission of Furan, Thiophen and Pyrrol
Authors: Lilie J. 
Published: February 2015

The OH-radical adds to furan, thiophene and pyrrole in diffusion controlled reaction. The rate constants of these reactions and the spectra of the products were determined. The OH-addition products of furan and thiophene dissociate in alkaline solutions. The anions undergo ring scission:

In the case of pyrrole, the addition product picks up a proton and the cation undergoes scission:

The pK values and rate constants have the following values:
(1) pK = 9.9; k = 1,4·106 s-1,
(2) pK = 9,2; k = 5,3 · 10105 s-1,
(3) pK = 4,5; k = 2,2 -103
-1.
The radicals formed by ring scission disappear by mutual interaction.
Cellular Components Specifically Labeled during Sorbose Stimulation of Sugar Transport in Neurospora
Authors: Klingmüller Walter 
Published: February 2015

A number of independent systems for sugar transport in Neurospora have been postulated. An approach to identification of specific components of the sorbose transport system in ungerminated conidia pretreated with sorbose is described here. The fact that sorbose stimulates sorbose-uptake without causing germination was exploited in differential labeling experiments. Sorbose treated and untreated conidia were incubated with (3H) -leucine and (14C) -leucine respectively, and then mixed extracts fractionated on CM-cellulose at pH 4.75. Changes in the 3H/14C-ratio indicated sorbose-induced or -repressed substances. In selecting labeling conditions, care was taken to avoid errors that might arise from any differences in the internal amino acid pool size.
The investigation revealed a buffer-soluble component repressed by sorbose and a Triton-soluble component induced by sorbose. The buffer-soluble, sorbose repressible protein is discussed in connection with the phenomenon of sorbose toxicity in Neurospora. The Triton-soluble, sorbose stimulated component, probably of carotenoid nature, is considered as a possible constituent of the sorbose transport system investigated here.
Desoxyribonucleasen in Mäusenieren unter dem Einfluß von Folsäure / On the Action of Folic Acid on Deoxyribonucleases of Mouse Kidney
Authors: Tempel K. 
Published: February 2015

The behaviour of the in vitro-activities of an alkaline and an acid deoxyribonuclease (DNase I and II, resp.), and of an inhibitor of DNase I of the kidney of mice, as well as of the DNA- and protein-content of kidneys and thymus, was studied in about 500 mice 4 hours to 21 days after exposure to folic acid in doses of 60 — 180 mg/kg body-weight.
The most important results can be summarized af follows:
1. Activity of DNase I decreased and activities of DNase II and of a DNase I-inhibitor increased under the influence of high doses of folic acid. Significant effects were observed 16 — 24 hours after folic acid-injections. Extreme values (80% decrease [DNase I], 180% increase [DNase II, DNase I-inhibitor]) were reached after 2 and 4 days and were dose-dependent. Control values reappeared within 1 — 3 weeks.
2. Protein- and DNA-content of the thymus behaved very similarly to DNase I-activity of the kidney.
3. The increase of the DNase II-activity of the kidney under the influence of folic acid resulted from enzyme induction. As to the behaviour of DNase I loss of enzyme out of damaged cells and the induction of a DNase I-inhibitor in the kidney must be taken into account.
4. In many systems DNase I may control DNA-synthesis. Preliminary studies on the behaviour of folic acid-induced reaction of the kidney, when inhibited by X-irradiation, Actinomycin D, Actidione, or poly (vinylsulfate), suggest that DNase I-inhibitor plays a certain role in combining protein- and DNA-synthesis by inhibiting DNase I.
PH-Triazaphosphorine
Authors: Ebeling Joachim , Leva Marco Avitabile , Stary Herbert , Schmidpeter Alfred 
Published: February 2015

Equimolar mixtures of a biguanide and a diphenylphosphonite on heating under reduced pressure split off 2 moles of phenol. As products cyclic phosphazanes 3 were to be expected. Instead they undergo a hydrogen shift from N to P to give 2-hydrogen-2-alkyl-4.6-diamino-1.3.5.2-triazaphosphorines (4). This is taken as evidence that a phosphazene π-bond may well become part of a cyclic delocalised system and thus contribute substantially more to stabilize the PH-tautomer than an isolated one.
Carbonyl compounds add readily to the PH-bond, CCl4 substitutes the hydrogen for chlorine, which in turn may be displaced by alkoxy and amino groups. 31P- and 1H-NMR data, especially the PH- and PD-coupling patterns sustain the assigned structures.
Interactions Between Ferredoxin and Chlorophyll in a Monolayer System
Authors: Brody Seymour Steven 
Published: February 2015

Ferredoxin (Fd) is surface active; both its area/molecule, A, and surface potential, ΔV, (at an air-water interface) vary with the pH of the subphase. From the surface isotherms (at pH 7.7) A and ΔV are 167 A2 and 170 ± 20 mV, respectively, when the surface tension is 10 dyne/cm.
Fd and chlorophyll a (Chl) appear to form a mixed monomolecular film. At pH 7.7 a maximum interaction between Fd and Chl is observed when the monolayer contains a mole ratio of Fd/Chl ≅ 2. Irradiaion of Chl-Fd films, in nitrogen atmosphere, results in a bleaching of Chl and an increase of ΔV. The quantum yield for this bleaching is estimated to be 0.4.
Synthesis of rRNA, tRNA and Other RNA-species Concomitant with Polyribosome Formation in Aging Potato Tuber Slices
Authors: Kahl Günter 
Published: February 2015

One of the earliest consequences of slicing plant storage organs such as potato tubers into thin disks is the formation of polysomes, which in potato slices is complete after 9 hours and is dependent on transcription. Fresh disks do not incorporate 32P, 3H-uridine or 14C-leucine into their ribosomes, whereas ribosomes and polysomes of aged disks use these precursors effectively. This development can be completely blocked by actinomycin D. Among the different RNAs synthesized during aging is 28S- and 16S—rRNA, 5S—RNA, tRNA, and a component sedimenting around 15—18S with a base-composition different from 16S—rRNA, 5S- and 4S—RNA and which supports peptide formation in an in vitro incorporation system.
It is suggested that this compound represents mRNA, which is not available immediately after slicing the tissue. These findings are consistent with the view of a derepression phenomenon in sliced storage tissue.
Activation of Protein Synthesis in Aging Potato Tuber Slices
Authors: Kahl Günter 
Published: February 2015

Whereas ribosome preparations of freshly sliced potato disks do not show appreciable activity in an in-vitro amino acid incorporation system, aging of the tissue leads to a greatly enhanced incorporation activity which reaches its maximum 24 hours after slicing. If ribosomes from freshly excised disks are provided with polyuridylic acid, their activity in the incorporation of phenylalanine is increased about 8 fold.
Moreover, an RNA-fraction can be dissociated by EDTA from ribosomes of aged potato tuber slices, which sediments at 15 —18S, has a base composition different from that of 16S — rRNA, 5S-and 4S —RNA, and is not present on ribosomes of fresh slices. Its appearance is inhibited by actinomycin D and therefore most probably dependent on transcription. This compound, purified from sucrose gradients, enhances in vitro leucine incorporation into peptide material by ribosomes of fresh potato slices.
The possibility is discussed that this fraction-among other factors-is responsible for the enhanced protein synthesis after slicing plant storage organs, and is indicative of a general derepression phenomenon in these tissues.
Optisch aktive Übergangsmetall-Komplexe, IX
Authors: Brunner Henri , Schindler Hans-Dieter 
Published: February 2015

The enantiomeric complexes ( + ) - and ( - )-C5H5Mn(COOCH3) (NO)P(C6H5)3 were prepared, firstly by a transesterification of the diastereomeric menthyl derivates ( + )- and (-) -C5H5Mn (COOC10H19) (NO)P(C6H5)3, secondly by OCH3⊖-addition to the cations of ( + )-and (-) - [C5H5Mn (CO) (NO) P (C6H5)3] [PF6].
The kinetics of the exchange of triphenylphosphine in C5H5Mn (COOCH3) (NO) P(CeH5) 3 were investigated by deuteration and monitored by IR spectroscopy. The rate of this exchange in benzene solution is equal to the rate of racemisation of (+) - and (-)-C5H5Mn (COOCH3) (NO) P(C6H5)3 in the same solvent.
It is concluded that the rate determining step for the change in configuration at the asymmetric manganese atom is the dissociation of triphenylphosphine. In this reaction an achiral intermediate of relatively high stability is formed.
Untersuchung von Calciumisotopieeffekten bei heterogenen Austauschgleichgewichten / Investigation of Isotopic Effects of Calcium in Heterogeneous Exchange Equilibria
Authors: Heumann Klaus Gustav , Lieser Karl Heinrich 
Published: February 2015

The following heterogeneous exchange equilibria have been examined for isotopic effects: CaCO3/Ca(aq.)
2⊕. Ca-GBHA/Ca(aq.)
2⊕ and Ca(Dowex 50)
2⊕/Ca(aq.)
2⊕ (GBHA = glyoxal-bis (2-hydroxyanil)). The isotopic ratios 44Ca/40Ca and 48Ca/40Ca were determined by means of a mass spectrometer with a thermal ion source. In the system CaCO3/Ca(aq.)
2⊕, the elementary separation factor was found to be less than 1‰ or 0,5‰ per mass unit, respectively.
For the exchange in the system Ca-GBHA/Ca(aq.)
2⊕ in the concentration range from 0.011 to 0.84 M an elementary separation factor less than 1‰ per mass unit was found; from a three-stage experiment at a calcium concentration of 1.23 M it was concluded that the elementary isotopic effect is less than 0.4‰ per mass unit. Therefore no isotopic fractionation is to be expected for precipitation of inorganic or organic calcium salts.
An enrichment of the heavier calcium isotopes in the solution was found in the case of the exchange in a Dowex 50-X12 loaded column. The isotopic effect depends on the concentration of the hydrochloric acid used as the eluent.
Quantitative Structure-Activity Studies of Hydrazones, Uncouplers of Oxidative Phosphorylation
Authors: Draber W. , Büchel K. H. , Schäfer G. 
Published: February 2015

α-Acyl-α-cyanocarbonyl-phenylhydrazones are effective uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation. The pl50-values of a series of 60 hydrazones with substituent variations in six positions of the molecule were determined in rat liver mitochondria. They ranged from 4.96 to 7.06. The biological data together with physico-chemical compound and substituent parameters were analysed by multiple regression techniques to establish the structure activity relationship.
The integral parameters pKa and log P (partition coefficient) gave correlations of only moderate significance. Good agreement of found and calculated pl50-values was obtained by an equation with electronic (σ) and hydrophobic (π) substituent parameters in linear and quadratic terms. It is concluded that the contribution of a substituent to uncoupling activity depends on its position in the molecule. The activity is enhanced by hydrophobic shielding of the acidic NH-group. The relevancy of these results in relation to current theories on the mechanism of oxidative phosphorylation is discussed.
Über den Einfluß langkettiger ungesättigter Fettsäurereste auf die Kinkenbildung in Membranmodellen / Influence of Unsaturated Long Chain Compounds on Kink Formation in Membrane Models
Authors: Weiss Armin , Spiess J. , Stuke E. , Lagaly G. 
Published: February 2015

In connection with the permeation theory of Träuble, in which kinks are considered as carriers through lipid layers of membranes, the influence of unsaturated long chain compounds on the kink structure is studied in membrane models.
Unsaturated compounds in bimolecular films of saturated long chain compounds lead to higher kink concentrations and favor the random distribution of the kinks.
31P-NMR-Spektren von Phosphor(V)-nitrid-chloriden und Phosphor(V)-Schwefel(VI)-nitrid-chloriden / 31P NMR Spectra of Phosphorus (V)-nitride-chlorides and Phosphorus (V)-sulfur (VI)-nitride-chlorides
Authors: Haubold Wolfgang , Fluck Ekkehard 
Published: February 2015

Preparation and properties of linear and branched phosphorus nitride chlorides with chlorosulfurylimide endgroups are described.
The nmr spectra of phosphorus (V) nitride chlorides and phosphorus (V) sulfur (VI) nitride chlorides are compared and discussed. Chemical shifts δ31p and δ19F , structure of resonance signals and coupling constants are tabulated.