bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soybean aphid management and perception of insecticide resistance by farmers
Authors: Lozano Rosa E , Hurley Terrance M , Knodel Janet J , Andow David A , Koch Robert L 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In the Midwest United States, soybean aphids can cause significant economic losses in soybean production. The repeated use of insecticides within the same family has led to the development of insecticide resistance in soybean aphids. Implementing integrated pest management (IPM) and insecticide-resistance management (IRM) strategies can help farmers reduce the frequency of insecticide applications and delay the evolution of soybean aphid resistance while reducing production costs, maintaining yields, and protecting the environment. Farmers play a crucial role in implementing such practices; therefore, to understand farmers’ practices for management of soybean aphids and their perceptions of insecticide resistance, a survey of soybean farmers in Minnesota and North Dakota was conducted in 2021. Overall, the reported decision-making sources were similar for both farmers who changed and those who did not change their aphid management due to insecticide resistance; these were crop consultants and agricultural retailers. The threshold used by farmers in both groups to determine whether to use a foliar insecticide was lower than the research-based threshold for soybean aphids, and farmers were aware that this could contribute to insecticide resistance. In addition, farmers who changed soybean aphid management were more concerned than farmers who did not change about insecticide resistance and were implementing good practices such as scouting, using labeled application rates, and rotating insecticide modes of action. The results of this research can inform the refinement of IPM and IRM programs as well as extension education efforts.
Quantifying the Variability of “Fixed-Width” Buffers on Harvested Lands in Western Oregon and Washington
Authors: Swartz Allison G , Coble Ashley A , Thaler Evan A , Warren Dana R 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In contemporary forest management, buffers of unharvested trees are left along streams to protect riparian and aquatic ecosystems. Buffer regulations often focus on specific minimum width requirements, which aid in straightforward regulation and application, but minimum widths also suggest buffered edges are uniform and contain little variability. Conceptual papers suggest that alternative buffer configurations may offer greater flexibility in landscape-level protection, increase forest complexity, and enhance aquatic and riparian biodiversity. However, before considering alternatives to fixed-width buffers, it is necessary to quantify the inherent variability in current buffer practices present on the landscape. In this study, we used aerial imagery to quantify variability of buffer widths in two hundred randomly selected recently harvested units on managed land in Oregon and Washington with both fish-bearing and non-fish-bearing sections of stream. Wider buffers on larger streams had a greater magnitude of variability, but when normalized by stream size, variation was greater in smaller streams, and overall, variation ranged from 25% to 50% of the mean width. Despite local variability, buffer widths rarely fell below 9.14 m (30 ft). The variation quantified here provides an initial measure of variability to inform future management, given emerging interest in variable retention buffers.
Study Implications: In contemporary forest management, riparian and aquatic habitat protection usually relies on minimum buffer width regulations. Minimum requirements create the perception that buffered edges are uniform distances from streams containing little variability, so conceptual papers have suggested alternative buffer configurations with variable retention edges to enhance ecological benefits. However, there are several reasons why, in practice, buffer widths may vary substantially from minimum sizes within and across harvest units under current forest management, but this potential variation has not been quantified. Before considering alternative riparian management options, it is necessary to quantify and understand the inherent variability in current practices. By utilizing high-resolution aerial imagery and digital elevation models, we quantified buffer width variation. Using a set of two hundred recently harvested units, we demonstrate notable buffer width variation across managed Pacific Northwest forests. We attribute the variation in buffer widths to the presence of road crossings, tributary junctions, underlying valley slope and slope variation, and flexibility in regulations that may be overlooked in broad evaluations of strict minimum widths. Understanding fundamental information about buffer width variability provides information about current practices and provides a standard against which proposed increases in variability may be compared.
White Matter Hyperintensities and Mild TBI in Post-9/11 Veterans and Service Members
Authors: Tate David F , Bigler Erin D , York Gerald E , Newsome Mary R , Taylor Brian A , Mayer Andrew R , Pugh Mary Jo , Presson Angela P , Ou Zhining , Hovenden Elizabeth S , Dimanche Josephine , Abildskov Tracy J , Agarwal Rajan , Belanger Heather G , Betts Aaron M , Duncan Timothy , Eapen Blessen C , Jaramillo Carlos A , Lennon Michael , Nathan Jennifer E , Scheibel Randall S , Spruiell Matthew B , Walker William C , Wilde Elisabeth A 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The neurobehavioral significance of white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) seen on magnetic resonance imaging after traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains unclear, especially in Veterans and Service Members with a history of mild TBI (mTBI). In this study, we investigate the relation between WMH, mTBI, age, and cognitive performance in a large multisite cohort from the Long-term Impact of Military-relevant Brain Injury Consortium—Chronic Effects of Neurotrauma Consortium.

Materials and Methods
The neuroimaging and neurobehavioral assessments for 1,011 combat-exposed, post-9/11 Veterans and Service Members (age range 22-69 years), including those with a history of at least 1 mTBI (n = 813; median postinjury interval of 8 years) or negative mTBI history (n = 198), were examined.

Results
White matter hyperintensities were present in both mTBI and comparison groups at similar rates (39% and 37%, respectively). There was an age-by-diagnostic group interaction, such that older Veterans and Service Members with a history of mTBI demonstrated a significant increase in the number of WMHs present compared to those without a history of mTBI. Additional associations between an increase in the number of WMHs and service-connected disability, insulin-like growth factor-1 levels, and worse performance on tests of episodic memory and executive functioning-processing speed were found.

Conclusions
Subtle but important clinical relationships are identified when larger samples of mTBI participants are used to examine the relationship between history of head injury and radiological findings. Future studies should use follow-up magnetic resonance imaging and longitudinal neurobehavioral assessments to evaluate the long-term implications of WMHs following mTBI.
Reversible Increased Anxiety Following Left-Sided Stellate Ganglion Block to Treat Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Case Report
Authors: Mulvaney Sean W , Lynch James H , Means Gary E , Dineen Kyle J , Mahadevan Sanjay 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
Describe a 2-patient case report of a rare occurrence of significantly increased anxiety after a left-sided stellate ganglion block (SGB) and the subsequent improvement of that anxiety through a right-sided SGB. Right-sided SGB to treat post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has over 23 supporting publications in the peer-reviewed medical literature, including level 1 evidence. A published case series of 285 patients showed that two-level SGB may improve anxiety-related symptoms in patients. However, a recently published study indicates that some patients only respond to a left-sided SGB. The patients had an ultrasound-guided right-sided SGB for the treatment of PTSD and experienced a reduction in anxiety symptoms based on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) scores. Later, a left-sided SGB was performed. Clinically, the addition of a left-sided SGB is typically associated with further anxiety reduction, but in these 2 cases, the patients had a significant reversal of the improvements experienced after a right-sided SGB. Following this unusual response to a left-sided SGB, these patients were offered another right-sided SGB, after which, they experienced a significant and durable improvement in anxiety symptoms beyond the original baseline PCL-score. In rare cases and for unknown reasons, a left-sided SGB may result in acute worsening of anxiety symptoms, which can be addressed and significantly improved with the application of a subsequent right-sided SGB.
Examining the Psychological Measures and Feasibility of Recreational Trail Rides in Reducing Cravings for Addictive Substances among Veterans: A Replication Pilot Study
Authors: Pahlke Makenna L , Hoopes Karl H , Black Heather F , Connelly Heather , Klinger William R , Joubert Katryna , Nazarenko Elena E , Marchand William R , Sheppard Stephen R 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Equine-assisted services have been gaining popularity as complementary therapies for a variety of populations with a diversity of diagnoses. Interventions using equines might benefit the military Veteran population through building therapeutic alliance as well as reducing symptoms. This pilot observational study is primarily aimed to investigate safety, feasibility, and acceptability of equine-assisted services for Veterans with substance abuse disorders. It is the second pilot observational study, the first being completed in 2022. Secondary outcomes included recording the impact of trail riding on psychological measures among Veterans at a large Veterans Administration medical center.

Methods
The study included a total of 32 Veterans who participated in trail riding sessions from May 4, 2022 to August 31, 2022. The study utilized the Positive and Negative Affect Scale, Adult Hope Scale, and Craving Experience Questionnaire to assess changes in positive affect, negative affect, hope components, and substance craving.

Results
The results indicated significant reductions in negative affect and substance craving after the first session, with positive effects observed in subsequent sessions. However, demographic and diagnostic variables did not predict significant changes in psychological instruments.

Conclusion
Overall, the study demonstrated that trail riding was a safe and feasible intervention and may have potential benefits for improving emotional well-being and reducing substance cravings among Veterans. It is recommended that future studies research mechanisms of action, as well as conduct more rigorous investigations, including controlled trials using larger sample sizes and longitudinal research, to best determine lasting effects of these types of complementary therapies.
Impact of an Integrated Human Performance Support Group: Evaluation of Air Force Special Warfare Candidate Training and Musculoskeletal Injury Outcomes Over Eight Fiscal Years
Authors: Haydu Lauren E , Hogan Kathleen K , Merseal Courtney , Feldbrugge Chase M , Johnson Andrew S , Smolka Michael T , Buse George J , Carr Wesley , Butler Cody R 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The Special Warfare Training Wing and Special Warfare Human Performance Support Group (HPSG; all-co-authors) were established in fiscal year (FY) 2019 to consolidate and oversee all Air Force Special Warfare (AFSPECWAR) training and provide embedded medical and human performance support to candidates with the goal of improving graduation rates and the longevity of the AFSPECWAR operator. The purpose of this manuscript is to assess the impact of the HPSG on AFSPECWAR graduation rates, musculoskeletal injury (MSKI) incidence, and cost.

Materials and Methods
Graduation rates, MSKI incidence (including incidence density and cumulative incidence probability), and MSKI-related health care costs were assessed across all AFSPECWAR training pipelines spanning 8 FYs 2015–22, including Indoctrination, Assessment, and Selection Courses (Selection); Tactical Air Control Party (TACP); Special Tactics (ST), and Guardian Angel (GA).

Results
A total of 5,728 distinct candidates were assessed over the time frame. There were significant decreases in attrition when comparing the HPSG era (FY 19–22) with the prior 4-year period for the ST (47% vs. 82% graduates) and TACP (34% vs. 41% graduates) training pipelines. The corresponding Selection (36% graduates) and GA (80% graduates) pipeline attrition rates remained stable. MSKI incidence rates (both incidence density and cumulative incidence probability) overall were not significantly different when comparing the pre-HPSG and HPSG time frames; however, they varied between the two time frames by course. GA candidates had a decrease in MSKI during the apprentice course in the HPSG era compared with the pre-HPSG era (2.4–1.0 cases per 100 trainee weeks; P &lt; .001), which corresponds to a nearly 20% reduction in the cumulative incidence probability (i.e., proportion of trainees injured) after 10 weeks of course. For ST and TACP courses, however, significantly increased incidence of MSKI was observed when comparing the two time frames (P &lt; .001), while for Selection courses, the rates remained stable. A significant reduction in the cost of MSKI-related management (62% total relative value units, 83% total costs) was observed.

Conclusion
The impact of the HPSG on attrition, MSKI incidence, and cost-of-care was not consistent across all training pipelines; however, taken together, there were no increases in attrition, and the cost of MSKI management was significantly lower.
High contrast at small separation – III. Impact on the dark hole of MEMS deformable mirror control electronics
Authors: Martinez P , Beaulieu M , Abe L , Baudoz P , Gouvret C , Spang A , Marcotto A 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
The creation of a dark hole (DH) region in the science image for exoplanet direct detection depends on deformable mirrors (DMs), where the imperfect control of DM limits the achievable contrast. The mirror surface height resolution is set by the DM drive electronics, and the quantization errors in DM impact the contrast in the DH. Consequently, determining the optimal voltage value for the flattening map of DM is essential, as it involves balancing dynamic and accuracy considerations. We conduct a numerical study to examine the impact of these parameters on microelectromechanical DM within the high-contrast field of view of several DHs with various characteristics and optical configurations. Our analysis includes an exploration of their influence on both small and moderate angular separations. We compare our numerical results with a formula available in the literature that aims to capture the dependence of contrast on DM quantization errors. We show that the formula accuracy to predict the contrast limit when the DM deflection curves follow the as-manufactured quadratic power law is dependent on the DM flattening map voltage domain, regardless of DH size and angular separations. Further these results appear to be insensitive to factors such as actuator number, coronagraph type, set-up architecture, and science objective (small or moderate angular separations). We provide guidelines for determining the optimal voltage for the DM flattening map, discuss the domain validity of the formula used to predict DM quantization errors on the contrast, and provide insights into balancing DM actuator density and mirror surface height resolution.
Directionally non-rotating electric field therapy delivered through implanted electrodes as a glioblastoma treatment platform: A proof-of-principle study
Authors: Ma Jun , Singh Shilpi , Li Ming , Seelig Davis , Molnar Gregory F , Wong Eric T , Dhawan Sanjay , Kim Stefan , Helland Logan , Chen David , Tapinos Nikos , Lawler Sean , Singh Gatikrushna , Chen Clark C 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundWhile directionally rotating tumor-treating fields (TTF) therapy has garnered considerable clinical interest in recent years, there has been comparatively less focus on directionally non-rotating electric field therapy (dnEFT).MethodsWe explored dnEFT generated through customized electrodes as a glioblastoma therapy in in vitro and in vivo preclinical models. The effects of dnEFT on tumor apoptosis and microglia/macrophages in the tumor microenvironment were tested using flow-cytometric and qPCR assays.ResultsIn vitro, dnEFT generated using a clinical-grade spinal cord stimulator showed antineoplastic activity against independent glioblastoma cell lines. In support of the results obtained using the clinical-grade electrode, dnEFT delivered through a customized, 2-electrode array induced glioblastoma apoptosis. To characterize this effect in vivo, a custom-designed 4-electrode array was fabricated such that tumor cells can be implanted into murine cerebrum through a center channel equidistant from the electrodes. After implantation with this array and luciferase-expressing murine GL261 glioblastoma cells, mice were randomized to dnEFT or placebo. Relative to placebo-treated mice, dnEFT reduced tumor growth (measured by bioluminescence) and prolonged survival (median survival gain of 6.5 days). Analysis of brain sections following dnEFT showed a notable increase in the accumulation of peritumoral macrophage/microglia with increased expression of M1 genes (IFNγ, TNFα, and IL-6) and decreased expression of M2 genes (CD206, Arg, and IL-10) relative to placebo-treated tumors.ConclusionsOur results suggest therapeutic potential in glioblastoma for dnEFT delivered through implanted electrodes, supporting the development of a proof-of-principle clinical trial using commercially available deep brain stimulator electrodes.
Pathogen-Agnostic Advanced Molecular Diagnostic Testing for Difficult-to-Diagnose Clinical Syndromes—Results of an Emerging Infections Network Survey of Frontline US Infectious Disease Clinicians, May 2023
Authors: Rao Preetika S , Downie Diane L , David-Ferdon Corinne , Beekmann Susan E , Santibanez Scott , Polgreen Philip M , Kuehnert Matthew , Courtney Sean , Lee Justin S , Chaitram Jasmine , Salerno Reynolds M , Gundlapalli Adi V 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
During routine clinical practice, infectious disease physicians encounter patients with difficult-to-diagnose clinical syndromes and may order advanced molecular testing to detect pathogens. These tests may identify potential infectious causes for illness and allow clinicians to adapt treatments or stop unnecessary antimicrobials. Cases of pathogen-agnostic disease testing also provide an important window into known, emerging, and reemerging pathogens and may be leveraged as part of national sentinel surveillance. A survey of Emerging Infections Network members, a group of infectious disease providers in North America, was conducted in May 2023. The objective of the survey was to gain insight into how and when infectious disease physicians use advanced molecular testing for patients with difficult-to-diagnose infectious diseases, as well as to explore the usefulness of advanced molecular testing and barriers to use. Overall, 643 providers answered at least some of the survey questions; 478 (74%) of those who completed the survey had ordered advanced molecular testing in the last two years, and formed the basis for this study. Respondents indicated that they most often ordered broad-range 16S rRNA gene sequencing, followed by metagenomic next-generation sequencing and whole genome sequencing; and commented that in clinical practice, some, but not all tests were useful. Many physicians also noted several barriers to use, including a lack of national guidelines and cost, while others commented that whole genome sequencing had potential for use in outbreak surveillance. Improving frontline physician access, availability, affordability, and developing clear national guidelines for interpretation and use of advanced molecular testing could potentially support clinical practice and public health surveillance.
Collective Knowledge and the Limits of the Expanded Identification Doctrine
Authors: Sarch Alexander 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The Economic Crime and Corporate Transparency Act 2023 expanded the identification doctrine in welcome ways, but, I argue, does not go far enough. Specifically, I contend that the Act’s reforms do not sufficiently respond to the threat of senior managers who culpably interfere in the proper flow of information within the company to orchestrate harmful or risky practices by others, all while seeking to avoid liability by preventing any individual from forming the full mens rea of any economic crime. How should the criminal law respond to this gap? I argue it would be problematic to respond by extending individual liability even further—say, by expanding the already ‘disturbingly wide’ inchoate offences in the Serious Crime Act 2007. Instead, the collective knowledge doctrine provides a tailor-made solution to these scenarios. This doctrine would permit courts (in narrow circumstances) to aggregate individuals’ mental states within the company to construct a distinct corporate mens rea. I argue that section 196 of the 2023 Act, which expands the identification doctrine, could be read to incorporate a narrow version of the collective knowledge doctrine—at least if courts are willing to adopt a purposivist orientation aimed at giving effect to the wider aims of Parliament. A restricted version of the collective knowledge doctrine would have normative benefits and so, I suggest, is worth putting to the courts through test litigation.
Quantum Error Correction Realized by the Renormalization Group in Scalar Field Theories
Authors: Kuwahara Takaaki , Nasu Ryota , Tanaka Gota , Tsuchiya Asato 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We demonstrate that quantum error correction is realized by the renormalization group in scalar field theories. We construct q-level states by using coherent states in the IR region. By acting on them the inverse of the unitary operator U that describes the renormalization group flow of the ground state, we encode them into states in the UV region. We find the situations in which the Knill–Laflamme condition is satisfied for operators that create coherent states. We verify this to the first order in the perturbation theory. This result suggests a general relationship between the renormalization group and quantum error correction and should give insights into understanding the role played by them in the gauge/gravity correspondence.