bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elevated blood lead levels among unskilled construction workers in Jimma, Ethiopia
Authors: Gebrie Higemengist A , Tessema Dejene A , Ambelu Argaw 
Published: March 2014

Abstract

Background
No study has been carried out to assess the blood lead levels of workers or the contribution of common workplace practices to lead exposure in Ethiopia. This study was carried out to assess the blood lead levels of female and male laborers in the construction sector in Jimma town, Ethiopia.

Method
A cross-sectional study on the blood lead levels of 45 construction workers was carried out in the town of Jimma. The t-test, analysis of variance, the Kruskal-Wallis, Mann–Whitney and odds ratio tests were used to compare mean blood lead levels and to investigate the associations between specific job type, use of self-protection device, sex, service years and occurrence of non-specific symptoms with BLLs.

Results
The mean blood lead level of the exposed group (40.03 ± 10.41 μg/dL) was found to be significantly greater than that of the unexposed group (29.81 ± 10.21 μg/dL), p = 0.05. Among the exposed group female workers were found to have higher mean blood lead level (42.04 ± 4.11 μg/dL) than their male colleagues (33.99 ± 3.28 μg/dL). Laborers who were regularly using self-protection devices were found to have significantly lower blood lead levels than those who were not using.

Conclusion
The blood lead levels of construction workers in Jimma town are considerably high with a range of 20.46 – 70.46 μg/dL and the workers are in danger of imminent lead toxicity. More endangered are female construction workers who are bearers of the future children of the country and the issue requires urgent attention.
Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus detected in human lung cancer tissue arrays
Authors: Linnerth-Petrik Nicolle M , Walsh Scott R , Bogner Paul N , Morrison Carl , Wootton Sarah K 
Published: March 2014

Abstract

Background
Adenocarcinoma is the most common type of non-small cell lung cancer and is frequently observed in non-smoking patients. Adenocarcinoma in-situ (formerly referred to as bronchioloalveolar carcinoma) is a subset of lung adenocarcinoma characterized by growth along alveolar septae without evidence of stromal, vascular, or pleural invasion, that disproportionately affects never-smokers, women, and Asians. Adenocarcinoma in-situ is morphologically and histologically similar to a contagious lung neoplasm of sheep called ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA). OPA is caused by infection with the exogenous betaretrovirus, jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV), whose envelope protein (Env) is a potent oncogene. Several studies have reported that a proportion of human lung adenocarcinomas are immunopositive for an antigen related to the Gag protein of JSRV, however other groups have been unable to verify these observations by PCR.

Methods
Here we examine human lung cancer tissue arrays (TA) for evidence of JSRV Env protein and DNA by immunohistochemical staining and PCR, respectively.

Results
Our results reveal that a subset of human lung cancers express an antigen that reacts with a JSRV Env-specific monoclonal antibody in immunohistochemistry and that exogenous JSRV-like env and gag sequences can be amplified from TA tumor samples, albeit inefficiently.

Conclusions
While a causative role has not been established, these data suggest that a JSRV-like virus might infect humans. With next generation sequencing approaches, a JSRV-like virus in human lung cancers may be identified which could have profound implications for prevention, diagnosis and therapy.
Systematic review of chronic ankle instability in children
Authors: Mandarakas Melissa , Pourkazemi Fereshteh , Sman Amy , Burns Joshua , Hiller Claire E 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundChronic ankle instability (CAI) is a disabling condition often encountered after ankle injury. Three main components of CAI exist; perceived instability; mechanical instability (increased ankle ligament laxity); and recurrent sprain. Literature evaluating CAI has been heavily focused on adults, with little attention to CAI in children. Hence, the objective of this study was to systematically review the prevalence of CAI in children.MethodsStudies were retrieved from major databases from earliest records to March 2013. References from identified articles were also examined. Studies involving participants with CAI, classified by authors as children, were considered for inclusion. Papers investigating traumatic instability or instability arising from fractures were excluded. Two independent examiners undertook all stages of screening, data extraction and methodological quality assessments. Screening discrepancies were resolved by reaching consensus.ResultsFollowing the removal of duplicates, 14,263 papers were screened for eligibility against inclusion and exclusion criteria. Nine full papers were included in the review. Symptoms of CAI evaluated included perceived and mechanical ankle instability along with recurrent ankle sprain. In children with a history of ankle sprain, perceived instability was reported in 23‐71% whilst mechanical instability was found in 18‐47% of children. A history of recurrent ankle sprain was found in 22% of children.ConclusionDue to the long‐lasting impacts of CAI, future research into the measurement and incidence of ankle instability in children is recommended.
Mean-field analysis of orientation selectivity in inhibition-dominated networks of spiking neurons
Authors: Sadeh Sadra , Cardanobile Stefano , Rotter Stefan 
Published: March 2014

AbstractMechanisms underlying the emergence of orientation selectivity in the primary visual cortex are highly debated. Here we study the contribution of inhibition-dominated random recurrent networks to orientation selectivity, and more generally to sensory processing. By simulating and analyzing large-scale networks of spiking neurons, we investigate tuning amplification and contrast invariance of orientation selectivity in these networks. In particular, we show how selective attenuation of the common mode and amplification of the modulation component take place in these networks. Selective attenuation of the baseline, which is governed by the exceptional eigenvalue of the connectivity matrix, removes the unspecific, redundant signal component and ensures the invariance of selectivity across different contrasts. Selective amplification of modulation, which is governed by the operating regime of the network and depends on the strength of coupling, amplifies the informative signal component and thus increases the signal-to-noise ratio. Here, we perform a mean-field analysis which accounts for this process.
Level of agreement between 2002 American–European Consensus Group and 2012 American College of Rheumatology classification criteria for Sjögren’s syndrome and reasons for discrepancies
Authors: Cornec Divi , Saraux Alain , Cochener Béatrice , Pers Jacques-Olivier , Jousse-Joulin Sandrine , Renaudineau Yves , Marhadour Thierry , Devauchelle-Pensec Valérie 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Introduction
The aims of this study were to assess agreement between the currently used 2002 American–European Consensus Group (AECG) classification criteria and the new 2012 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria for Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) and to identify potential sources of disagreement.

Methods
We studied 105 patients between 2006 and 2013 from the Brittany cohort of patients with suspected SS. AECG criteria were applied using only Schimer’s test and unstimulated whole salivary flow (UWSF) to assess objective ocular and oral involvement, since these are the tests most physicians use in clinical practice. Agreement between the two sets of criteria was assessed using Cohen’s κ coefficient.

Results
Of those studied, 42 patients fulfilled AECG and 35 ACR criteria. Agreement between the two sets was moderate (κ = 0.53). Patients fulfilling ACR but not AECG criteria (n = 8) were significantly younger and had shorter symptom durations, but only three of them had SS in the opinion of the evaluating physician. Xerostomia and xerophthalmia (AECG set only) did not discriminate between patients with and without SS. The use of UWSF in the AECG but not the ACR criteria explained part of the disagreement. The serological item in the ACR set (positive rheumatoid factor and antinuclear antibody ≥1:320 or anti-SSA/SSB positivity) did not result in classification differences compared to anti-SSA/SSB antibody alone (AECG set). Agreement between ocular staining score ≥3 (ACR set) and Schirmer’s test ≤5 mm/5 min (AECG set) was very low (κ = 0.14).

Conclusions
Agreement was only moderate between ACR and AECG criteria, suggesting these two sets would not select comparable patient populations. An international consensus about which classification criteria should be used in clinical studies is needed.
Elevated malondialdehyde levels in sepsis - something to 'stress' about?
Authors: Weiss Scott L , Deutschman Clifford S 
Published: March 2014

AbstractOxidative stress has been postulated as a mechanism of organ dysfunction - and thus a potential therapeutic target - in sepsis. Lorente and colleagues report increased serum levels of malondialdehyde, a biomarker of oxidative stress-induced lipid peroxidation, in adults with severe sepsis, particularly in non-survivors. While survivors exhibited a decrease in serum malondialdehyde over time, the elevation was sustained in non-survivors. These findings suggest that there is increased oxidative stress in sepsis and that membrane lipids in particular are targeted by free radical species. Further study is required to validate the utility of malondialdehyde as a prognostic biomarker in sepsis and to determine a role for antioxidant therapy.
Microvesicles derived from human Wharton’s Jelly mesenchymal stromal cells ameliorate renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats by suppressing CX3CL1
Authors: Zou Xiangyu , Zhang Guangyuan , Cheng Zhongliang , Yin Deming , Du Tao , Ju Guanqun , Miao Shuai , Liu Guohua , Lu Mujun , Zhu Yingjian 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Studies have demonstrated that mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) could reverse acute and chronic kidney injury by a paracrine or endocrine mechanism, and microvesicles (MVs) have been regarded as a crucial means of intercellular communication. In the current study, we focused on the therapeutic effects of human Wharton-Jelly MSCs derived microvesicles (hWJMSC-MVs) in renal ischemia/reperfusion injury and its potential mechanisms.

Methods
MVs isolated from conditioned medium were injected intravenously in rats immediately after ischemia of the left kidney for 60 minutes. The animals were sacrificed at 24 hours, 48 hours and 2 weeks after reperfusion. The infiltration of inflammatory cells was identified by the immunostaining of CD68+ cells. ELISA was employed to determine the inflammatory factors in the kidney and serum von Willebrand Factor (VWF). Tubular cell proliferation and apoptosis were identified by immunostaining. Renal fibrosis was assessed by Masson’s tri-chrome straining and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) staining. The CX3CL1 expression in the kidney was measured by immunostaining and Western blot, respectively. In vitro, human umbilical vein endothelial cells were treated with or without MVs for 24 or 48 hours under hypoxia injury to test the CX3CL1 by immunostaining and Western blot.

Results
After administration of hWJMSC-MVs in acute kidney injury (AKI) rats, renal cell apoptosis was mitigated and proliferation was enhanced, inflammation was also alleviated in the first 48 hours. MVs also could suppress the expression of CX3CL1 and decrease the number of CD68+ macrophages in the kidney. In the late period, improvement of renal function and abrogation of renal fibrosis were observed. In vitro, MVs could down-regulate the expression of CX3CL1 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells under hypoxia injury at 24 or 48 hours.

Conclusions
A single administration of MVs immediately after ischemic AKI could ameliorate renal injury in both the acute and chronic stage, and the anti-inflammatory property of MVs through suppression of CX3CL1 may be a potential mechanism. This establishes a substantial foundation for future research and treatment.
The Liminality of Creative illness
Authors: Harter Nathan 
Published: March 2014

Henri Ellenberger argued that in many instances, illness serves as an integral stage in the creative process. This paper begins by contrasting the simplistic image of cause-and-effect with Ellenberger's three-part model, with illness in the middle. Then, it sets forth five different ways to construe the period of illness as a contribution to a creative process that will have begun before the illness. It concludes by introducing a familiar example from Western history of a leader whose contributions might have built upon years of exemplary preparation, but actually began in earnest only after a defining period of sudden illness.Henri Ellenberger [1] wrote an influential essay in the 1960s titled "The Concept of Creative Illness." Part of its brilliance is due to the fact that it took a relatively common model of cause-and-effect and added something to it, presenting a slightly more sophisticated model that raised interesting new questions about the relationship between illness and creativity. This paper considers the importance of studying the creative process through the lens of illness as liminality.
Hypermedia studying at primary school’s informatics lessons
Authors: Сапрыкина  , Saprykina Nadezhda 
Published: March 2014

Questions related to teaching of hypermedia formalization bases at primary school are considered in this paper. A detailed description of
methodological apparatus (object, subject, purposes, problem, hypothesis, etc.) related to research conducted by junior school pupils at
informatics lesson has been presented. The attention is focused on use of productive methods of teaching in the process of subject &#34;Hypermedia&#34;
teaching for junior school pupils’ development of all-educational ability to learn.
Preparation of 5–7 years children for school: world around and mathematics
Authors: Целищева  , Tselishcheva Irina , Румянцева  , Rumyantseva Irina , Большакова  , Bolshakova Mariya 
Published: March 2014

Actual aspect related to children’ preparation for school on a basis of educational areas integration is revealed in this paper. Concrete elaborations
of studies for senior preschoolers, promoting their mathematical and natural ecological development are presented. During the studies not only
mathematical representations, responsible attitude to the nature world, and informative interest are formed in children, but also attention,
imagination, speech, and communicative skills are developed.
Division of sum by number (mathematics lesson in the 4th Grade)
Authors: Семикопенко  , Semikopenko L. 
Published: March 2014

Teacher’s experiment related to designing of a lesson at which requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard are realized as at a
content level, as at a training technique is revealed in this paper. Along with formation of subject abilities the special attention is paid to solution
of meta subject tasks on mathematical content basis, in particular to development of regulatory universal educational actions.
Die Neuausrichtung überregionaler Verbundsysteme – die Zukunft der Bibliotheksinfrastruktur in der Cloud
Authors: Diedrichs Reiner , Conradt Volker , Schomburg Silke 
Published: March 2014

Zusammenfassung:
Im Rahmen der DFG-Ausschreibung zur Neuausrichtung überregionaler Verbundsysteme wurden im Themenfeld 1 „Bibliotheksdateninfrastruktur und Lokale Systeme“ der DFG zwei Anträge vorgestellt. Das Szenario CIB setzte auf den raschen Weg des Outsourcings zentraler technischer Bibliotheks-Infrastrukturen zu international operierenden Systemanbietern, das Szenario libOS auf die strukturelle Konsolidierung der deutschen Verbundlandschaft.
Nach der Entscheidung für das Szenario CIB fand am 11. Oktober 2013 in Bonn eine gemeinsame Sitzung der Arbeitsgruppe „Bibliothekarisches Verbundsystem“ der Kultusministerkonferenz (KMK) und der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) zum aktuellen Stand und der weiteren Entwicklung statt. Hier wurde den Vertretern der jeweiligen Projektkonsortien Gelegenheit zur Darstellung ihrer Position hinsichtlich des CIB-Szenarios gegeben und Möglichkeiten der Kooperation erörtert. Dieser Beitrag erläutert die Position des libOS-Konsortiums von BSZ, GBV und hbz.
Der Berliner Appell – Rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen für die digitale Langzeitarchivierung
Authors: Hinte Oliver , Katzenberger Ruth 
Published: March 2014

Zusammenfassung:
Der Medienwandel vom klassischen Printwerk hin zum elektronischen Medium beschäftigt Bibliotheken immer intensiver. Als traditionelle Gedächtnisinstitutionen sorgen sie dafür, dass nationales Kulturerbe für die Nachwelt verfügbar bleibt. Während die Voraussetzungen, die erfüllt werden müssen, um ein gedrucktes Buch zu erhalten, klar umrissen sind, ist die Sachlage bei elektronischen Medien wesentlich komplexer. Die Archivierung von elektronischen Inhalten stellt Bibliotheken vor ganz neue Herausforderungen.
Der Berliner Appell zum Erhalt des digitalen Kulturerbes
1
http://www.berliner-appell.org/ [Zugriff: 20. Januar 2014].
fasst diese Herausforderungen zusammen und fordert die Umsetzung konkreter Maßnahmen. Am 16. September 2013 hat sich der dbv im Rahmen einer Presseerklärung
2
http://www.bibliotheksverband.de/dbv/presse/presse-details/archive/2013/september/article/fuer-die-erhaltung-des-digitalen-kulturerbes-dbv-unterstuetzt-berliner-appell.html?tx_ttnews%5Bday%5D=16&cHash=f57bef3c15 [Zugriff: 20. Januar 2014].
ausdrücklich dem „Berliner Appell“ angeschlossen. Dieser Schritt ist mehr als begrüßenswert. Dieser Beitrag skizziert in erster Linie die rechtlichen Fragestellungen, die die digitale Langzeitarchivierung aufwirft.
Wie bereiten Hochschulen künftige Information Professionals auf die Berufswirklichkeit vor?
Authors: Seidler-de Alwis Ragna 
Published: March 2014

Zusammenfassung:
Die dynamische und digitalisierte Berufswelt der Information Professionals erfordert erweiterte und auch neue Qualifikationen. Das Institut der Informationswissenschaft der Fachhochschule Köln möchte durch den neu akkreditierten Studiengang „Angewandte Informationswissenschaft“ diesen Anforderungen, auch durch neue Lehr- und Lernformen, nachkommen. Welche Qualifikationen werden vermittelt und welchen Herausforderungen müssen sich sowohl die Hochschule als auch die Information Professionals stellen und wie kann der unumgängliche Bezug zur Praxis sichergestellt werden?
Finite Element Analysis of SnAgCu(Zn, Co, Fe) Lead-free Solder Joints for Electronic Packaging
Authors: Zhang Liang , Cui Jun-hua , Han Ji-guang , He Cheng-wen , Guo Yong-huan , Yuan Jian-min 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
With the addition of Zn, Co and Fe, the microstructures and properties of SnAgCu solders can be improved obviously, the constitutive response of SnAgCu solder bearing 0.8%Zn, 0.8%Co and 0.8%Fe was studied under uniaxial tension. Anand model was used to represent the inelastic deformation behavior of the lead-free solders. The material parameters of the constitutive relations for SnAgCu(Zn,Co, Fe) solders were determined from separated constitutive relations and experimental results. Combining the model, finite element analysis (FEA) was used to study the thermally induced inelastic deformation and the stress-strain response of the solder joints in wafer-level chip scale packages (WLCSP) mounted on printed circuit boards (PCB). And it is found that the addition of Zn, Co and Fe can enhance the fatigue life of SnAgCu solder joint, the superiority can be found for the addition of Fe among the three elements.
Study on Effect of Welding Speed on Micro Structure and Mechanical Properties of Pulsed Current Micro Plasma Arc Welded AISI 304L Sheets
Authors: Prasad Kondapalli Siva , Rao Chalamalasetti Srinivasa , Rao Damera Nageswara 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Micro Plasma Arc Welding (MPAW) is one of the important arc welding process commonly used in sheet metal industry for manufacturing metal bellows, metal diaphragms etc. In the present paper welding of AISI 304L austenitic chromium-nickel stainless steel using pulsed current micro plasma arc welding was discussed. The paper mainly focuses on studying the weld quality characteristics like weld pool geometry parameters, microstructure, grain size, hardness and tensile properties of Pulsed Current Micro Plasma Arc Welded AISI 304L austenitic stainless steels at different welding speeds. Results show that a welding speed of 260 mm /minute yield better weld quality characteristics.
Energy Analysis in TIG Welding Process
Authors: Bhattacharya Tathagata , Bandyopadhyay Asish , Pal Pradip Kumar 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
An analysis of energy utilization during TIG welding process has been reported in this paper. Fifteen samples of three different diameters of pipe pieces of ASTM A 106 Gr. B, seamless type and API 5LS Gr. B, spirally welded type, are selected for experimentation. The temperatures on the external surface at different locations on each of these seamless pipes (of different diameters) during welding have been measured with the help of electronic pyrometers. The amount of total electrical energy input during welding has been recorded in the wattmeter. The convection and radiation energy losses, that take place from the surface of the pipe piece, have also been determined by using suitable mathematical expressions developed for the purpose. An overall energy balance is carried out taking into account the convection heat loss, the radiation heat loss and the unaccounted loss, for each sample. Then the variation of the ratio of the percentage of unaccounted energy loss to total weld energy input against total weld energy input has been plotted. From the graphs it is seen that with increase in diameter of the pipe and with rise in total weld energy input, the percentage unaccounted energy loss gradually decreases.
Modeling of Radial Over Cut in Electrochemical Machining of Al-B4C MMC Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Rama Rao Sadineni , Padmanabhan G. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractElectrochemical machining (ECM) is increasing its importance in machining of metal matrix composites (MMC) due to some specific advantages which can be exploited during machining operation. In ECM the quality of the surface produced is also depends on the workpiece physical and electrical properties along with the process parameters like voltage, feed rate, electrolyte concentration, type of electrolyte, current, gap between electrodes etc. Therefore, in the present work the percentage of reinforcement of the particulates in the matrix is considered one of the process parameters along with the applied voltage, electrode feed rate and electrolyte concentration. A mathematical prediction model of the radial over cut (ROC) was developed using response surface methodology (RSM). The effects of electrochemical machining parameters on the Radial over cut were evaluated. The contour plots were drawn to study the effect of various process parameters and their interaction. In this work the predicted values and measured values are quite close to each other. Therefore, the developed model can be effectively used to predict the radial over cut on electrochemical machining of Al-B4C composites.