bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bipolar disorder in children and adolescents
Authors: Birmaher Boris 
Published: February 2013

BackgroundThe existence of bipolar disorder (BP) in youth is controversial.MethodsThe current evidence regarding the diagnosis of BP in youth was reviewed.ResultsBP is a recurrent familial disorder that occurs in 1–3% of youth, particularly in adolescents. Except for subsyndromal BP, the prevalence of BP‐I is similar across most countries. Due to the child's immaturity, the presence of comorbid disorders, and divergent interpretations of manic symptomatology, it is difficult to diagnose BP in youth. Youth with subsyndromal mania and family history of BP, are at high risk to develop BP‐I and BP‐II. Both the full‐syndromal BP and subsyndromal BP are associated with significant psychosocial difficulties and increased risk for use of substances, suicidality, legal problems, and services utilization.ConclusionBipolar disorder exists in youth, but it is difficult to diagnose. The recurrent nature and psychosocial morbidity associated with this illness during critical developmental stages call for comprehensive longitudinal evaluation and accurate recognition and treatment because delays in treatment are associated with poor outcome.
Design, Synthesis, Structural Characterization by IR, 1H, 13C, 15N, 2D‐NMR, X‐Ray Diffraction and Evaluation of a New Class of Phenylaminoacetic Acid Benzylidene Hydrazines as pfENR Inhibitors
Authors: Samal Ramanuj P. , Khedkar Vijay M. , Pissurlenkar Raghuvir R. S. , Bwalya Angela Gono , Tasdemir Deniz , Joshi Ramesh A. , Rajamohanan P. R. , Puranik Vedavati G. , Coutinho Evans C. 
Published: February 2013

Recent studies have revealed that plasmodial enoyl‐ACP reductase (pfENR, FabI), one of the crucial enzymes in the plasmodial type II fatty acid synthesis II (FAS II) pathway, is a promising target for liver stage malaria infections. Hence, pfENR inhibitors have the potential to be used as causal malarial prophylactic agents. In this study, we report the design, synthesis, structural characterization and evaluation of a new class of pfENR inhibitors. The search for inhibitors began with a virtual screen of the iResearch database by molecular docking. Hits obtained from the virtual screen were ranked according to their Glide score. One hit was selected as a lead and modified to improve its binding to pfENR; from this, a series of phenylamino acetic acid benzylidene hydrazides were designed and synthesized. These molecules were thoroughly characterized by IR, 1H, 13C, 15N, 2D‐NMR (COSY, NOESY, 1H‐13C, 1H‐15N HSQC and HMBC), and X‐ray diffraction. NMR studies revealed the existence of conformational/configurational isomers around the amide and imine functionalities. The major species in DMSO solution is the E, E form, which is in dynamic equilibrium with the Z, E isomer. In the solid state, the molecule has a completely extended conformation and forms helical structures that are stabilized by strong hydrogen bond interactions, forming a helical structure stabilized by N‐H…O interactions, a feature unique to this class of compounds. Furthermore, detailed investigation of the NMR spectra indicated the presence of a minor impurity in most compounds. The structure of this impurity was deduced as an imidazoline‐4‐one derivative based on 1H‐13C and 1H‐15H HMBC spectra and was confirmed from the NOESY spectra. The molecules were screened for in vitro activity against recombinant pfENR enzyme by a spectrophotometric assay. Four molecules, viz. 17, 7, 10, and 12 were found to be active at 7, 8, 10, and 12 μm concentration, respectively, showing promising pfENR inhibitory potential. A classification model was derived based on a binary QSAR approach termed recursive partitioning (RP) to highlight structural characteristics that could be tuned to improve activity.
Measuring socio‐economic inequalities in edentate Scottish adults – cross‐sectional analyses using Scottish Health Surveys 1995–2008/09
Authors: Jagger Daryll C. , Sherriff Andrea , Macpherson Lorna M. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the appropriateness of different measures of socio‐economic inequalities, in relation to adult oral health in Scotland, utilizing data from a series of large, representative population surveys.MethodsThe Scottish Health Surveys (SHeS) (1995; 1998; 2003; 2008/09) are cross‐sectional national population‐based surveys used to monitor health status in those living in private households. The age groups included in this study are as follows: 45–54; 55–64 years: all survey years; 65–74: 1998 onwards; 75+: 2003 onwards. Primary outcome was no natural teeth (edentulism). Three measures of socio‐economic position: Occupational social class, Education, Carstairs deprivation score (2001) were used. Simple (absolute/relative differences) and complex measures (Slope Index, Relative Index, Concentration Index and c‐index) of inequality were produced for each age group across all four surveys.ResultsSimple and complex (absolute) measures of inequality have both demonstrated narrowing disparities in edentulism over time in the 45‐ to 64‐year‐old group, a levelling off in those aged 65 and above, and a rise in those aged 75+. Complex relative measures (RII, Concentration Index and c‐index), however, show an increasing trend in inequalities over time for all age groups, suggesting that rates of improvement in edentulism rates are not uniform across all social groups.ConclusionsSimple absolute inequality provides a quick and easy indication of the extent of disparities between extreme groups, whereas complex measures (absolute and relative) consider the gradient in health across all social groups. We have demonstrated that both are useful measures of inequality and should be considered complementary to one another. The appropriate choice of complex measure of inequality will depend on the audience to whom the results are to be communicated. This methodological approach is not confined to oral health but is applicable to other health outcomes that are socially patterned.
Preliminary outcome of a treatment strategy based on perioperative chemotherapy and surgery in patients with locally advanced colon cancer
Authors: Arredondo J. , Pastor C. , Baixauli J. , Rodríguez J. , González I. , Vigil C. , Chopitea A. , Hernández‐Lizoáin J. L. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAimPreoperative chemotherapy followed by radical surgery is an attractive treatment for locally advanced colon cancer (LACC) given the promising results of this approach in other locally advanced tumours. The study evaluates the outcome and treatment‐related complications of perioperative oxaliplatin‐ and capecitabine‐based chemotherapy and surgery for clinical Stage III colon cancer.MethodTwenty‐two consecutive patients with a CT‐staged LACC were included. All were staged at baseline and before surgery. Surgery‐related complications and oncological outcome were determined.ResultsToxicity was manageable, with 19/22 patients completing the planned chemotherapy protocol. The median time from initial diagnosis to surgery was 65.5 days. The median time from the end of chemotherapy to surgery was 22 days. After neoadjuvant treatment, tumour reduction of 69.5% was observed by CT scan and a 59.9% decrease of SUVmax (standard uptake value) was achieved on positron emission tomography/CT. No progressive disease was reported during preoperative chemotherapy and surgery was performed in all 22 patients. Four patients developed postoperative complications. After a median postoperative follow‐up of 14.4 months, the actuarial overall and disease‐free survival rates were 100 and 90%.ConclusionNeoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery and chemotherapy for LACC is safe without apparent increase of early and medium‐term complications.
Unplanned reoperation within 30 days of surgery for colorectal cancer in NHS Lanarkshire
Authors: McSorley S. , Lowndes C. , Sharma P. , Macdonald A. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAimA recent study of unplanned reoperation within 28 days after colorectal surgery in England found a mean rate of 6.5% and suggested that this be used as a performance indicator. We aimed to find the unplanned 30‐day reoperation rate for patients having colorectal cancer surgery in NHS Lanarkshire.MethodThis retrospective study identified all patients having surgery for colorectal cancer in NHS Lanarkshire between 2006 and 2008 from a prospective colorectal cancer database. Scottish Morbidity Record (SMR01) data were then examined for each patient to determine whether they returned to the operating theatre within 30 days of the index procedure.ResultsFive hundred and seventy‐three patients had a primary operation for colorectal cancer during the period. The unplanned rate of reoperation within 30 days of surgery was 5.4%. There was no statistically significant difference between the hospital site, emergency or elective operation or laparoscopic resection or laparotomy. There was no statistically significant difference in reoperation rate between colorectal and general surgeons.ConclusionThe rate of unplanned reoperation in NHS Lanarkshire compares favourably with that of England; however, similar methodological problems exist. The accuracy of the data is dependent on coding and entry.
Patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease have higher risk of colorectal adenoma after negative baseline colonoscopy
Authors: Huang K.‐W. , Leu H.‐B. , Wang Y.‐J. , Luo J.‐C. , Lin H.‐C. , Lee F.‐Y. , Chan W.‐L. , Lin J.‐K. , Chang F.‐Y. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAimThe study aimed to determine whether nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an independent risk factor of adenoma after negative baseline colonoscopy.MethodA retrospective cohort study was conducted on 1522 health‐check individuals who underwent two consecutive colonoscopies at Taipei Veterans General Hospital between 2003 and 2010. Those developing an adenoma after an initial negative baseline colonoscopy (adenoma group) were compared with those in whom the second colonoscopy was negative (nonadenoma group). Anthropometric measurements, biochemical tests and the presence of NAFLD were compared between the two groups.ResultsThe adenoma group had a higher prevalence of NAFLD than the nonadenoma group (55.6% vs 38.8%; P < 0.05). On multivariate logistic regression analysis, NAFLD was an independent risk factor (OR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.07–1.98) for adenoma formation after a negative baseline colonoscopy. The risk of colorectal adenoma increased when NAFLD patients had other morbidities including metabolic syndrome, hypertension or smoking (OR = 2.85, 4.03 and 4.17).ConclusionNAFLD is an independent risk factor for colorectal adenoma formation after a negative baseline colonoscopy. The risk is higher in individuals with NAFLD and other comorbidities, such as hypertension, smoking or metabolic syndrome.
Vinecology: pairing wine with nature
Authors: Viers Joshua H. , Williams John N. , Nicholas Kimberly A. , Barbosa Olga , Kotzé Inge , Spence Liz , Webb Leanne B. , Merenlender Adina , Reynolds Mark 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWith some of the highest biodiversity on the planet, the Mediterranean Biome is experiencing a conservation crisis driven by high human population density, development, and habitat fragmentation. While protected areas safeguard some critical habitat, economic realities require conservation efforts in human‐dominated landscapes to maintain biodiversity in practice. As an essential component of food security for a growing human population, agricultural landscapes must play a key role in such efforts because they occupy large areas of land, are adjacent to critical habitat, and both depend on and provide ecosystem services. Winegrapes are a high‐value specialty crop that can both benefit from and contribute to conservation, as producers and consumers increasingly value environmental stewardship. At the same time, potential expansion of cultivated areas, either to meet future wine demand or in response to climate change, means that decreasing the environmental impact of viticulture is critical for biodiversity conservation. We propose that vinecology—the integration of ecological and viticultural practices—can produce win‐win solutions for wine production and nature conservation, where the goal is a diverse landscape that yields sustainable economic benefits, species and habitat protection, and long‐term provision of a full range of ecosystem services.
Framing scale in participatory biodiversity management may contribute to more sustainable solutions
Authors: Young Juliette C. , Jordan Andrew , Searle Kate R. , Butler Adam , Simmons Peter , Watt Allan D. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThere is general acceptance that biodiversity management should be adapted to ecological scale but only recently has the precise role of scale in participatory biodiversity governance begun to be explored. We investigated stakeholder perceptions in three case studies of biodiversity management planning to understand the effect of framing a management response according to the ecological and social scale of the problem on (i) participatory processes and (ii) their social and ecological outcomes. Perceptions of success were highest in the case study where stakeholder involvement reflected the perceived ecological scale of the problem. Other factors contributing to successful outcomes were identified, including effective boundary spanning and mutual recognition of conservation conflicts. Failure to take the latter into account, and to align management responses with socioecological scale, may jeopardize long‐term sustainability of biodiversity.
Visual Voices: A Participatory Method for Engaging Adolescents in Research and Knowledge Transfer
Authors: Yonas Michael A. , Burke Jessica G. , Miller Elizabeth 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIntegrating the expertise and perspectives of adolescents in the process of generating and translating research knowledge into practice is often missed, yet is essential for designing and implementing programs to promote adolescent health. This paper describes the use of the arts‐based participatory Visual Voices method in translational research. Visual Voices involves systematic creative writing, drawing, and painting activities to yield culturally relevant information which is generated by and examined with adolescents. Qualitative data products include the created artistic products and transcripts from group discussions of the content developed and presented. Data are analyzed and compared across traditional (e.g., transcripts) and nontraditional (e.g., drawings and paintings) media. Findings are reviewed and interpreted with participants and shared publicly to stimulate community discussions and local policy and practice changes. Visual Voices is a novel method for involving adolescents in translational research though Integrated Knowledge Transfer (IKT), a process for bringing researchers and stakeholders together from the stage of idea generation to implementing evidence‐based initiatives. Clin Trans Sci 2013; Volume 6: 72–77
Translational Research Applications for the Study of Adolescent Sexual Decision Making
Authors: Farris Coreen , Akers Aletha Y. , Downs Julie S. , Forbes Erika E. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAlthough the initiation of sexual behaviors in adolescence is normative, adverse sexual health outcomes disproportionately affect adolescents relative to adults. Efforts to improve sexual health and increase health promotion behaviors in adolescent populations have not been fully successful. In this paper, we propose that translational research that integrates insights from neuroscience, ecological systems theory, and decision science with adolescent sexual behavior research can lead to advances in our understanding of the etiology and prevention of sexual risk behaviors among adolescents. Moreover, these insights can be further translated to the design and implementation of clinical interventions that improve sexual health. Clin Trans Sci 2013; Volume 6: 78–81
Basilar artery strokes in children: good outcomes with conservative medical treatment
Authors: Lagman‐Bartolome Ana Marissa , Pontigon Ann‐Marie , Moharir Mahendranath , Macgregor Daune L. , Askalan Rand , Yau Ivanna , Deveber Gabrielle 
Published: February 2013

AimTo describe outcomes and outcome predictors in childhood basilar artery stroke (BAS).MethodWe prospectively enrolled children with BAS with or without basilar artery occlusion (BAO) in the Toronto Children's Stroke Registry from 1992 to 2009. We assessed presenting features and outcomes including Pediatric Stroke Outcome Measure scores.ResultsAmong 578 children with acute arterial ischemic stroke, 27 had BAS (4.6% including neonates, 6% excluding neonates). Twenty‐four (14 males, 10 females) children met study criteria (mean age at stroke was 8y 10mo; range 0–17y). Eleven children had BAO. Aspirin or anticoagulation was given to 15 children. None received tissue plasminogen activator or endovascular treatments. At mean follow‐up (3y 2mo, range 1mo–11y 8mo), 12 had a ‘good outcome’ (seven normal, five insignificant deficit) and 12 had ‘poor outcome’ (10 moderate or severe deficit, two acute deaths). Larger infarct size (≥50% of axial brainstem diameter) independently predicted poor outcome (p=0.02; odds ratio 21.2, 95% confidence interval 1.6–274.9) but not BAO, altered level of consciousness, or age.InterpretationCompared with adults, in childhood BAS death is rare and survivors frequently have good outcomes. Aggressive endovascular interventions may not be justifiable in this population.
Positron emission tomography with [18F]flutemetamol and [11C]PiB for in vivo detection of cerebral cortical amyloid in normal pressure hydrocephalus patients
Authors: Leinonen V. , Rinne J. O. , Virtanen K. A. , Eskola O. , Rummukainen J. , Huttunen J. , von und zu Fraunberg M. , Nerg O. , Koivisto A. M. , Rinne J. , Jääskeläinen J. E. , Buckley C. , Smith A. , Jones P. A. , Sherwin P. , Farrar G. , McLain R. , Kailajärvi M. , Heurling K. , Grachev I. D. 
Published: February 2013

Background and purposeThis study determined the correlation between uptake of the amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agent [18F]flutemetamol and amyloid‐β measured by immunohistochemical and histochemical staining in a frontal cortical biopsy.MethodsFifteen patients with possible normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) and previous brain biopsy obtained during intracranial pressure monitoring underwent [18F]flutemetamol PET. Seven of these patients also underwent [11C] Pittsburgh compound B (PiB) PET. [18F]Flutemetamol and [11C]PiB uptake was quantified using standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) with the cerebellar cortex as a reference region. Tissue amyloid‐β was evaluated using the monoclonal antibody 4G8, Thioflavin‐S and Bielschowsky silver stain.Results[18F]Flutemetamol and [11C]PiB SUVRs correlated with biopsy specimen amyloid‐β levels contralateral (r = 0.86, P < 0.0001; r = 0.96, P = 0.0008) and ipsilateral (r = 0.82, P = 0.0002; r = 0.87, P = 0.01) to the biopsy site. Association between cortical composite [18F]flutemetamol SUVRs and [11C]PiB SUVRs was highly significant (r = 0.97, P = 0.0003).Conclusions[18F]Flutemetamol detects brain amyloid‐β in vivo with moderate to high sensitivity and high specificity. This agent, therefore, represents a valuable new tool to study and verify the presence of amyloid‐β pathology, both in patients with possible NPH and among the wider population.
E‐FABP induces differentiation in normal human keratinocytes and modulates the differentiation process in psoriatic keratinocytes in vitro
Authors: Dallaglio Katiuscia , Marconi Alessandra , Truzzi Francesca , Lotti Roberta , Palazzo Elisabetta , Petrachi Tiziana , Saltari Annalisa , Coppini Maurizio , Pincelli Carlo 
Published: February 2013

AbstractEpidermal fatty acid‐binding protein (E‐FABP) is a lipid carrier, originally discovered in human epidermis. We show that E‐FABP is almost exclusively expressed in postmitotic (PM) keratinocytes, corresponding to its localization in the highest suprabasal layers, while it is barely expressed in keratinocyte stem cells (KSC) and transit amplifying (TA) keratinocytes. Transfection of normal human keratinocytes with recombinant (r) E‐FABP induces overexpression of K10 and involucrin. On the other hand, E‐FABP inhibition by siRNA downregulates K10 and involucrin expression in normal keratinocytes through NF‐κB and JNK signalling pathways. E‐FABP is highly expressed in psoriatic epidermis, and it is mainly localized in stratum spinosum. Psoriatic PM keratinocytes overexpress E‐FABP as compared to the same population in normal epidermis. E‐FABP inhibition in psoriatic keratinocytes markedly reduces differentiation, while it upregulates psoriatic markers such as survivin and K16. However, under high‐calcium conditions, E‐FABP silencing downregulates K10 and involucrin, while survivin and K16 expression is completely abolished. These data strongly indicate that E‐FABP plays an important role in keratinocyte differentiation. Moreover, E‐FABP modulates differentiation in psoriatic keratinocytes.
Imbalance of intermediate filament component keratin 14 contributes to increased stress signalling in epidermolysis bullosa simplex
Authors: Wagner Martin , Trost Andrea , Hintner Helmut , Bauer Johann W. , Onder Kamil 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAn important characteristic of epidermolysis bullosa simplex Dowling–Meara (EBS‐DM) keratinocytes is the increased level of Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) stress signalling, which is thought to contribute to the disease phenotype. In this work, we report on the dramatic up‐regulation of cytokeratin 14 (K14) in the EBS‐DM model cell line KEB7 at both the transcriptional and translational levels, which is noteworthy because KEB7 patient cells are heterozygous for a missense mutation (R125P) in K14. By performing functional assays, we show a direct link between overexpressed wild‐type K14 and increased JNK signalling in healthy, immortalized keratinocytes. This observation led us to hypothesize a positive feedback model in which mutant (R125P) K14 triggers JNK signalling, leading to increased AP1‐dependent expression of K14, which in turn amplifies JNK signalling further. We therefore suggest that an imbalance of cytoplasmic K14 monomers and K14 incorporated into the intermediate filament (IF) network leads to elevated stress signalling, potentially altering IF dynamics by phosphorylation, which as a side effect, weakens EBS‐DM keratinocytes.
Neoproteoglycans in tissue engineering
Authors: Weyers Amanda , Linhardt Robert J. 
Published: February 2013

Proteoglycans, comprised of a core protein to which glycosaminoglycan chains are covalently linked, are an important structural and functional family of macromolecules found in the extracellular matrix. Advances in our understanding of biological interactions have lead to a greater appreciation for the need to design tissue engineering scaffolds that incorporate mimetics of key extracellular matrix components. A variety of synthetic and semisynthetic molecules and polymers have been examined by tissue engineers that serve as structural, chemical and biological replacements for proteoglycans. These proteoglycan mimetics have been referred to as neoproteoglycans and serve as functional and therapeutic replacements for natural proteoglycans that are often unavailable for tissue engineering studies. Although neoproteoglycans have important limitations, such as limited signaling ability and biocompatibility, they have shown promise in replacing the natural activity of proteoglycans through cell and protein binding interactions. This review focuses on the recentin vivoandin vitrotissue engineering applications of three basic types of neoproteoglycan structures, protein–glycosaminoglycan conjugates, nano‐glycosaminoglycan composites and polymer–glycosaminoglycan complexes.