bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intrinsic platelet reactivity before start with clopidogrel as predictor for on-clopidogrel platelet function and long-term clinical outcome
Authors: Valina Christian M. , Bömicke Timo , Amann Michael , Stratz Christian , Nührenberg Thomas , Trenk Dietmar , Neumann Franz-Josef , Hochholzer Willibald 
Published: April 2015

SummaryHigh on-clopidogrel platelet reactivity is associated with worse clinical outcome. Previous data suggest that intrinsic platelet reactivity before initiation of clopidogrel contributes significantly to on-clopidogrel platelet reactivity. It is unknown whether intrinsic reactivity can sufficiently predict on-clopidogrel reactivity and therefore identify patients with insufficient response to clopidogrel before initiation of treatment and at risk for worse clinical outcome. This analysis included 765 consecutive patients undergoing elective coronary stent implantation. Platelet reactivity was assessed by light transmission aggregometry (5 µM ADP) before administration of clopidogrel 600mg and after intake of first maintenance dose of clopidogrel on day 1 following coronary stenting. Patients were followed for up to seven years. The combined primary endpoint was death of any cause or non-fatal myocardial infarction. Intrinsic and on-clopidogrel platelet reactivity were significant correlated (r=0.31; p < 0.001). Among all tested clinical and genetic factors including the cytochrome P450 2C19*2 polymorphism, intrinsic platelet reactivity was the strongest predictor for on-clopidogrel platelet reactivity. However, intrinsic platelet reactivity could only explain 8 % of variability of on-clopidogrel platelet function. Only on-treatment platelet reactivity was predictive for long-term clinical outcome (HR 1.47, 95 % CI 1.05–2.05; p = 0.02) whereas intrinsic platelet reactivity was not (HR 1.03, 95 % CI 0.74–1.43; p = 0.86). In conclusion, intrinsic platelet reactivity before initiation of clopidogrel is the strongest predictor of early on-clopidogrel platelet reactivity but can only explain a minor proportion of its variability and is not significantly associated with clinical outcome. Thus, baseline testing cannot substitute on-clopidogrel platelet function testing.Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT00457236).
Remarks on the type species of Rhigonema Cobb, 1898 (Rhigonematoidea: Rhigonematidae) and Heth Cobb, 1898 (Ransomnematoidea: Hethidae)
Authors: Hunt David J. 
Published: April 2015

Additional information onRhigonema brevicollum, the type of the genusRhigonema, and onHethjuli, the type of the genusHeth, is presented based on original, hitherto unpublished, descriptions held in the Cobb Archive at the USDA, Beltsville, MD, USA. Both species were originally published as small annotated illustrations in a general work, although the promised full descriptions were never published by Cobb. The genusRhigonemais shown to be based on a species lacking a vaginal diverticulum in the female genital system, but having a long, Type 2, ovejector. The genusDudekemia, originally differentiated fromRhigonemaon an assumed (and erroneous) difference in female genital tract form, is confirmed as a junior synonym ofRhigonema. A full description of both sexes ofHethjuliis also provided, again based on Cobb’s original notes, thereby defining the type species with greater precision than was previously possible.
Locating the Informal in the Formal?
Authors: McGough Fredanna M. 
Published: April 2015

This paper explores the influences that led to the development of the Free Health Care Initiative (fhci), which requires the provision of free health services for pregnant women, lactating mothers, and children under the age of five years. The paper will explore the impact of the policy on women actors as both recipients and informal providers of health care in post-war Sierra Leone. Since the end of the Sierra Leone civil war in 2002, there has been much focus on maternal and child health issues due to the staggeringly high maternal and child mortality rates, when compared to the rest of the world. Currently, international considerations exist such as the Convention for the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (cedaw) and the Millennium Development Goals (mdgs) to ensure nations are responsive to women’s health concerns. These often externally driven policies may not be based on internal motivation, and may have negative local consequences.
Although the fhci has improved accessibility of clinical services provided by the government by eliminating user fees, a provision was made to eliminate the services of traditional birth attendants (tbas), who historically provided affordable birth services for women in rural regions of Sierra Leone. The new health policy thus criminalizes the actions of tbas, stripping them of the ability to practice their craft and earn a living. This paper examines the sometimes-contradictory results inherent when international laws and mandates get translated into local contexts and problematizes the uni-dimensional ways in which women’s empowerment is often promoted.
The Ontological Significance of the History of Science
Authors: Stoliarova Olga 
Published: April 2015

This paper discusses the history of science in the light of ontology. The research problem is defined as the following question: can the discipline known as the philosophical history of science (or history and philosophy of science, hps), which was inspired in large part by Kantian criticism and historicism, be turned against a transcendental (subjective) standpoint and revert us to the what Alfred North Whitehead called the “pre-Kantian modus of thoughts” – that is to ontology?
The first part of the paper considers the history of science in the form of transcendental historicism (entailing a universal teleology of reason). It shows that transcendental historicism speaks against ontology because it neglects a real history of nature in favor of ideal (subjective) conditions for the possibility of ‘nature’.
The key question of the second part of the paper is formulated as follows: what are the ontological premises under which the question relating to the historical conditions for the possibility of ‘nature’ replaces the question relating to nature-as-it-really-is? (The contrast between the presence of quotation marks in the first part of the previous sentence and their absence in the second part emphasizes the clash between these two approaches). Answering this question reveals that the philosophical history of science is able to give ontology its due because it is able to reveal a historically changeable ontology of the transcendental (subjective) standpoint itself. This means that the philosophical history of science is able to testify to the existence of a history that is more than a subject who thinks it.
Implementation of Deterministic Weather Forecasting Systems Based on Ensemble–Variational Data Assimilation at Environment Canada. Part II: The Regional System
Authors: Caron Jean-François , Milewski Thomas , Buehner Mark , Fillion Luc , Reszka Mateusz , Macpherson Stephen , St-James Judy 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The modifications to the data assimilation component of the Regional Deterministic Prediction System (RDPS) implemented at Environment Canada operations during the fall of 2014 are described. The main change is the replacement of the limited-area four-dimensional variational data assimilation (4DVar) algorithm for the limited-area analysis and the associated three-dimensional variational data assimilation (3DVar) scheme for the synchronous global driver analysis by the four-dimensional ensemble–variational data assimilation (4DEnVar) scheme presented in the first part of this study. It is shown that a 4DEnVar scheme using global background-error covariances can provide RDPS forecasts that are slightly improved compared to the previous operational approach, particularly during the first 24 h of the forecasts and in the summertime convective regime. Further forecast improvements were also made possible by upgrades in the assimilated observational data and by introducing the improved global analysis presented in the first part of this study in the RDPS intermittent cycling strategy. The computational savings brought by the 4DEnVar approach are also discussed.
Validation of Measures of Cyberbullying Perpetration and Victimization in Emerging Adulthood
Authors: Lee Jungup , Abell Neil , Holmes Jennifer L. 
Published: April 2015

Objective: Cyber bullying represents a new and alarming form of bullying that potentially leads to serious and long-lasting consequences for young people; yet, there is a dearth of research on the assessment of cyberbullying behaviors among emerging adults. Thus, this study aims to close this gap by assessing the development and validation of the cyberbullying behavior scales for application in social work research and practice settings. Methods: Two scales, cyberbullying perpetration (CBP) and cyberbullying victimization (CBV), were validated using a purposive sample of 286 undergraduate students aged 18 to 25. Results: Both CBP and CBV scales showed excellent reliability (α = .93 for CBP and α = .95 for CBV), good fit, and strong convergent validity. Conclusions: The cyberbullying behavior scales provide valid and reliable measures of emerging adults’ bullying behaviors. Implications for further social work research and practice are discussed.
Evaluation d’impact sur la santé et évaluation d’impact sur l’équité en santé : éventail de pratiques et questions de recherche
Authors: Villeval Mélanie , Bidault Elsa , Lang Thierry ,   pour le groupe AAPRISS, Alias F. , Almudever B. , Birelichie L. , Basson J. C. , Breton E. , Bulle A. , Cayla F. , Delpierre C. , Ducournau P. , Gaborit E. , Gandouet B. , Génolini J. P. , Ginsbourger T. , Godeau E. , Grosclaude P. , Guichard A. , Haschar-Noé N. , Kelly-Irving M. , Lacouture A. , Martin C. , Mayère A. , Manuello P. , Poirot-Mazère I. , Salaméro E. , Servat M. , Sicot F. , Sordes-Ader F. , Theis I. 
Published: April 2015

L’Evaluation d’Impact sur la Santé (EIS) se développe au niveau international et est encore au stade émergent en France. Elle vise à évaluer les effets positifs et négatifs potentiels d’un projet, d’un programme ou d’une politique sur la santé. L’objectif est de produire des recommandations en direction des décideurs, afin d’en maximiser les effets positifs et d’en diminuer les effets négatifs. L’EIS est un moyen particulièrement intéressant d’action sur les déterminants de la santé au-delà des comportements individuels et du système de santé. Les politiques de logement, de transport, de solidarité, économiques, etc. ont, en effet, des impacts souvent non prévus sur la santé. Au-delà des effets sur la santé, l’EIS doit aussi permettre d’apprécier la distribution de ces effets dans la population. Si la préoccupation pour l’équité en santé est centrale dans l’EIS, elle reste cependant difficilement traduite en pratique. Face à cette difficulté, des démarches d’évaluation d’impact ont été développées pour renforcer la prise en compte de l’équité à chaque étape de l’EIS ou « Equity Focused Health Impact Assessment », ou prendre en compte les impacts sur les inégalités de santé de façon spécifique. Ainsi, l’Evaluation de l’Impact sur l’Equité en Santé (EIES) semble, par exemple, particulièrement intéressante pour évaluer l’impact sur les inégalités de projets dans le champ sanitaire. L’EIS et l’EIES posent de nombreuses questions de recherche, notamment autour de la réunion, dans une même démarche, du politique, du citoyen et de l’expert. La participation des populations vulnérables potentiellement affectées par la politique évaluée est une valeur centrale de l’EIS, mais pose des questions d’acceptabilité sociale. La collaboration avec les décideurs politiques est également un enjeu majeur. Les difficultés méthodologiques, notamment de quantification des impacts, peuvent constituer des freins à la promotion de la démarche auprès des décideurs.
Superior Labrum Anterior Posterior Lesions and Associated Injuries
Authors: Beyzadeoglu Tahsin , Circi Esra 
Published: April 2015

Background: Superior labrum anterior posterior (SLAP) lesions often cause shoulder pain, dysfunction, and instability. Professional athletes require a high level of shoulder function for competition and overhead activities. Purpose: To evaluate elite athletes who had arthroscopic surgery for common shoulder pathologies and SLAP lesions with a follow-up of more than 3 years. The associated intra-articular pathologies and return to play were documented. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Thirty-five shoulders in 34 elite athletes (4 women and 30 men; mean age, 25 years [range, 18-32 years]) had arthroscopic repair of SLAP lesions and accompanying Bankart or rotator cuff tears between January 2008 and November 2011. The documentation included patient symptoms, physical examination, radiological analysis with radiographs, and magnetic resonance imaging. Shoulder function was evaluated preoperatively and at follow-up using American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) and Kerlan Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic (KJOC) scores. The mean follow-up was 52 months. Results: Isolated SLAP lesions were seen in 17.1% of patients, SLAP lesions and partial cuff tear occurred in 25.7%, associated Bankart lesions in 37.1%, full-thickness rotator cuff tears in 8.6%, Bankart and posterior labrum lesions in 8.6%, and Bankart and full-thickness rotator cuff tears in 2.9%. Return to play was a mean 6.4 ± 1.5 months. The mean postoperative ASES and KJOC scores were 89.6 ± 4.6 and 80.9 ± 6.8, respectively, compared with preoperative scores of 64.0 ± 7.2 and 50.5 ± 10.3 ( t test, P < .01). Conclusion: The majority (88.2%) of professional athletes returned to their preinjury levels. SLAP lesions may frequently occur with Bankart lesions and rotator cuff tears. A high rate of return to sport at the same level of athletic performance can be achieved by anatomic repair and effective rehabilitation.
The oncogenic transcription factor IRF4 is regulated by a novel CD30/NF-κB positive feedback loop in peripheral T-cell lymphoma
Authors: Boddicker Rebecca L. , Kip N. Sertac , Xing Xiaoming , Zeng Yu , Yang Zhi-Zhang , Lee Jeong-Heon , Almada Luciana L. , Elsawa Sherine F. , Knudson Ryan A. , Law Mark E. , Ketterling Rhett P. , Cunningham Julie M. , Wu Yanhong , Maurer Matthew J. , O’Byrne Megan M. , Cerhan James R. , Slager Susan L. , Link Brian K. , Porcher Julie C. , Grote Deanna M. , Jelinek Diane F. , Dogan Ahmet , Ansell Stephen M. , Fernandez-Zapico Martin E. , Feldman Andrew L. 
Published: April 2015

Key PointsThe NF-κB subunits p52 and RelB increase IRF4 promoter activity and expression in PTCL cells. A positive feedback loop involving CD30, NF-κB, and IRF4 drives PTCL cell proliferation and can be blocked by NF-κB inhibitors.
Fatal autoimmunity in mice reconstituted with human hematopoietic stem cells encoding defective FOXP3
Authors: Goettel Jeremy A. , Biswas Subhabrata , Lexmond Willem S. , Yeste Ada , Passerini Laura , Patel Bonny , Yang Siyoung , Sun Jiusong , Ouahed Jodie , Shouval Dror S. , McCann Katelyn J. , Horwitz Bruce H. , Mathis Diane , Milford Edgar L. , Notarangelo Luigi D. , Roncarolo Maria-Grazia , Fiebiger Edda , Marasco Wayne A. , Bacchetta Rosa , Quintana Francisco J. , Pai Sung-Yun , Klein Christoph , Muise Aleixo M. , Snapper Scott B. 
Published: April 2015

Key PointsImproved adaptive immune responses in humanized mice lacking murine MHC II and expressing human HLADR1. NOD.PrkdcscidIl2rγ−/−H2-Ab1−/− Tg(HLA-DR1) mice reconstituted with hematopoietic stem cells from an IPEX syndrome patient develop fatal autoimmunity.
Intravenous fish oil lipid emulsions in critically ill patients: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Manzanares William , Langlois Pascal L , Dhaliwal Rupinder , Lemieux Margot , Heyland Daren K 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Intravenous fish oil (FO) lipid emulsions (LEs) are rich in ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, which exhibit anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. We previously demonstrated that FO-containing LEs may be able to decrease mortality and ventilation days in patients who are critically ill. Since 2014, several additional randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of FO-containing LEs have been published. Therefore, the purpose of this systematic review was to update our previous systematic review with the aim of elucidating the efficacy of FO-containing LEs on clinical outcomes of patients who are critically ill.

Methods
We searched electronic databases from 1980 to 2014. We included four new RCTs conducted in critically ill adult patients in which researchers evaluated FO-containing LEs in parenterally or enterally fed patients.

Results
A total of 10 RCTs (n = 733) met inclusion criteria. The mean methodological score was 8 (range, 3 to 12). No effect on overall mortality was found. When we aggregated the results of five RCTs in which infections were reported, we found that FO-containing LEs significantly reduced infections (risk ratio (RR) = 0.64; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.44 to 0.92; P = 0.02; heterogeneity I2 = 0%). Subgroup analysis demonstrated that predominantly enteral nutrition–based trials showed a tendency toward a reduction in mortality (RR = 0.69; 95% CI, 0.40 to 1.18; P =0.18; heterogeneity I2 =35%). High-quality trials showed a significant reduction in hospital length of stay (LOS) (weighted mean difference = −7.42; 95% CI, −11.89 to −2.94; P = 0.001), whereas low-quality trials had no effect (P = 0.45). The results of the test for subgroup differences in hospital LOS was significant (P = 0.001).

Conclusion
FO-containing LEs may be associated with a reduction in infections and also could be associated with a reduction in duration of ventilation and hospital LOS. Further large-scale RCTs are warranted and should be aimed at consolidating potential positive treatment effects.
A pilot study of change in fracture risk in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Rawal Jaikitry , McPhail Mark JW , Ratnayake Gamumu , Chan Pearl , Moxham John , Harridge Stephen DR , Hart Nicholas , Montgomery Hugh E , Puthucheary Zudin A 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Acute skeletal muscle wasting is a major contributor to post critical illness physical impairment. However, the bone response remains uncharacterized. We prospectively investigated the early changes in bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture risk in critical illness.

Methods
Patients were prospectively recruited ≤24 hours following intensive care unit (ICU) admission to a university teaching or a community hospital (August 2009 to April 2011). All were aged >18 years and expected to be intubated for >48 hours, spend >7 days in critical care and survive ICU admission. Forty-six patients were studied (55.3% male), with a mean age of 54.4 years (95% confidence interval (CI): 49.1 to 59.6) and an APACHE II score of 23.9 (95% CI: 22.4 to 25.5). Calcaneal dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) assessment of BMD was performed on day 1 and 10. Increase in fracture risk was calculated from the change in T-score.

Results
BMD did not change between day 1 and 10 in the cohort overall (0.434 (95% CI: 0.405 to 0.463) versus 0.425 g/cm2 (95% CI: 0.399 to 0.450), P = 0.58). Multivariable logistical regression revealed admission corrected calcium (odds ratio (OR): 1.980 (95% CI: 1.089 to 3.609), P = 0.026) and admission PaO2-to-FiO2 ratio (OR: 0.916 (95% CI: 0.833 to 0.998), P = 0.044) to be associated with >2% loss of BMD. Patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome had a greater loss in BMD than those without (−2.81% (95% CI: −5.73 to 0.118%), n = 34 versus 2.40% (95% CI: 0.204 to 4.586%), n = 12, P = 0.029). In the 34 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome, fracture risk increased by 19.4% (95% CI: 13.9 to 25.0%).

Conclusions
Patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome demonstrated early and rapid bone demineralisation with associated increase in fracture risk.
Acute kidney injury after cardiac arrest
Authors: Tujjar Omar , Mineo Giulia , Dell’Anna Antonio , Poyatos-Robles Belen , Donadello Katia , Scolletta Sabino , Vincent Jean-Louis , Taccone Fabio Silvio 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence and determinants of AKI in a large cohort of cardiac arrest patients.MethodsWe reviewed all patients admitted, for at least 48 hours, to our Dept. of Intensive Care after CA between January 2008 and October 2012. AKI was defined as oligo-anuria (daily urine output <0.5 ml/kg/h) and/or an increase in serum creatinine (≥0.3 mg/dl from admission value within 48 hours or a 1.5 time from baseline level). Demographics, comorbidities, CA details, and ICU interventions were recorded. Neurological outcome was assessed at 3 months using the Cerebral Performance Category scale (CPC 1–2 = favorable outcome; 3–5 = poor outcome).ResultsA total of 199 patients were included, 85 (43%) of whom developed AKI during the ICU stay. Independent predictors of AKI development were older age, chronic renal disease, higher dose of epinephrine, in-hospital CA, presence of shock during the ICU stay, a low creatinine clearance (CrCl) on admission and a high cumulative fluid balance at 48 hours. Patients with AKI had higher hospital mortality (55/85 vs. 57/114, p = 0.04), but AKI was not an independent predictor of poor 3-month neurological outcome.ConclusionsAKI occurred in more than 40% of patients after CA. These patients had more severe hemodynamic impairment and needed more aggressive ICU therapy; however the development of AKI did not influence neurological recovery.
5-hydroxymethylcytosine marks promoters in colon that resist DNA hypermethylation in cancer
Authors: Uribe-Lewis Santiago , Stark Rory , Carroll Thomas , Dunning Mark J , Bachman Martin , Ito Yoko , Stojic Lovorka , Halim Silvia , Vowler Sarah L , Lynch Andy G , Delatte Benjamin , de Bony Eric J , Colin Laurence , Defrance Matthieu , Krueger Felix , Silva Ana-Luisa , ten Hoopen Rogier , Ibrahim Ashraf EK , Fuks François , Murrell Adele 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Background
The discovery of cytosine hydroxymethylation (5hmC) as a mechanism that potentially controls DNA methylation changes typical of neoplasia prompted us to investigate its behaviour in colon cancer. 5hmC is globally reduced in proliferating cells such as colon tumours and the gut crypt progenitors, from which tumours can arise.

Results
Here, we show that colorectal tumours and cancer cells express Ten-Eleven-Translocation (TET) transcripts at levels similar to normal tissues. Genome-wide analyses show that promoters marked by 5hmC in normal tissue, and those identified as TET2 targets in colorectal cancer cells, are resistant to methylation gain in cancer. In vitro studies of TET2 in cancer cells confirm that these promoters are resistant to methylation gain independently of sustained TET2 expression. We also find that a considerable number of the methylation gain-resistant promoters marked by 5hmC in normal colon overlap with those that are marked with poised bivalent histone modifications in embryonic stem cells.

Conclusions
Together our results indicate that promoters that acquire 5hmC upon normal colon differentiation are innately resistant to neoplastic hypermethylation by mechanisms that do not require high levels of 5hmC in tumours. Our study highlights the potential of cytosine modifications as biomarkers of cancerous cell proliferation.