bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The activation of cGAS‐STING pathway causes abnormal uterine receptivity in aged mice
Authors: Chen Si‐Ting , Shi Wen‐Wen , Ran Feng , Liu Cheng‐Kan , Luo Hui‐Na , Wu Li‐Juan , Wu Ying , Zhang Tong‐Tong , Yang Zeng‐Ming 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMaternal age is one of the most important factors affecting the success of maternal pregnancy. Uterine aging is the leading cause of pregnancy failure in older women. However, how uterine aging affects uterine receptivity and decidualization is unclear. In this study, naturally aged one‐year‐old female mice were used to investigate effects of maternal age on embryo implantation during early pregnancy. In our study, we found abnormal uterine receptivity in aged mice. Aged mouse uterus indicates a decrease in nuclear LAMIN A, and an increase in PRELAMIN A and PROGERIN. In aged mouse uterus, double‐stranded DNA (dsDNA) in cytoplasmic fraction is significantly increased. PROGERIN overexpression in mouse uterine epithelial cells and epithelial organoids leads to nuclear DNA leakage and impaired uterine receptivity. DNase I, DNase II, and TREX1 are obviously reduced in aged mouse uterus. Treatments with foreign DNA or STING agonist significantly downregulate uterine receptivity markers and activate cGAS‐STING pathway. Uterine estrogen (E2) concentration is significantly increased in aged mice. After ovariectomized mice are treated with a high level of E2, there are significant increase of PROGERIN and cytoplasmic DNA, and activation of cGAS‐STING pathway. CD14 is significantly increased in aged uterus. Intrauterine CD14 injection inhibits embryo implantation. In vitro CD14 treatment of cultured epithelial cells or epithelial organoids decreases uterine receptivity. Uterine abnormality in aged mouse can be partially rescued by STING inhibitor. In conclusion, uterine PROGERIN increase in aged mouse uterus results in cytoplasmic DNA accumulation and cGAS‐STING pathway activation. CD14 secretion in aged uterus impairs uterine receptivity.
Dermatological care of gender‐diverse patients in Australia
Authors: Wong Roy Kingsley , Harrington Jenny , Stevenson Annabel Irene 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn recent years, there has been an increasing recognition of the unique healthcare needs of gender‐diverse patients in Australia. With the continuous growth of referrals to gender health services, there is an increased demand for specialised dermatological care. There is still a significant knowledge gap and a lack of guidelines specifically tailored to this patient group. In this article, we will provide a brief overview of the journey of Transgender and Gender Diverse (TGD) individuals as they embark on psychological and pharmacologic treatment for gender dysphoria in Australia. We endeavour to contribute to the existing body of knowledge by examining the evidence surrounding the treatment of skin, hair and nail issues for TGD patients. This article will outline how dermatologists can assist in the care of the gender‐diverse patient. Although puberty blockade (stage 1 treatments) has minimal dermatological impact, gender‐affirming pharmacotherapy (stage 2 treatments) can lead to many dermatological issues including acne, patterned hair loss (PHL) and dermatitis. The dermatologist may also play a role in stage 3 treatments which include surgical or procedural interventions for gender affirmation.
Prevalence and determinants of failure to thrive in children with vesico‐ureteral reflux
Authors: Guarino Stefano , Di Sessa Anna , De Lucia Maeva , Vitulano Caterina , Rivetti Giulio , Capasso Giusy , La Manna Angela , Polito Cesare , Miraglia del Giudice Emanuele , Marzuillo Pierluigi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimTo assess the prevalence and determinants of failure to thrive (FTT) among patients with vesico‐ureteral reflux (VUR) and evaluating the effects of supplementation on growth in patients with urinary solute losses.MethodsWe retrospectively enrolled 1277 patients with VUR (mean age at diagnosis = 6.5 months). Patients with FTT were screened for renal tubular function impairment (TFI). If fractional excretion of sodium (FENa) >2% or blood bicarbonate <20 mmol/L, supplementation was provided.ResultsAmong 1277 patients, 56 (4.4%) had FTT. Of these, 42 (75%) presented extrarenal causes of FTT, 3 (5.4%) had chronic kidney disease (CKD), 9 (16.1%) had TFI, and 2 (3.5%) had CKD and TFI. FTT occurred in 8/208 patients (3.8%) with and in 48/1069 patients (4.5%) without (p = 0.68) recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs). At multiple logistic regression, birthweight <10th percentile, preterm birth, TFI, identified or suspected syndromes and other diseases were predictors of FTT. Eleven (19.6%) patients with FTT had TFI; five with increased FENa and/or acidosis received supplementation and showed catch‐up growth. The remaining six patients exhibited spontaneous catch‐up growth.ConclusionFTT was found in <5% of children with VUR. It was not determined by recurrent UTIs and was mainly associated with extrarenal causes. Supplementation with sodium and bicarbonates could be useful in selected cases.
Treating gaps and biases in biodiversity data as a missing data problem
Authors: Bowler Diana E. , Boyd Robin J. , Callaghan Corey T. , Robinson Robert A. , Isaac Nick J. B. , Pocock Michael J. O. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTBig biodiversity data sets have great potential for monitoring and research because of their large taxonomic, geographic and temporal scope. Such data sets have become especially important for assessing temporal changes in species' populations and distributions. Gaps in the available data, especially spatial and temporal gaps, often mean that the data are not representative of the target population. This hinders drawing large‐scale inferences, such as about species' trends, and may lead to misplaced conservation action. Here, we conceptualise gaps in biodiversity monitoring data as a missing data problem, which provides a unifying framework for the challenges and potential solutions across different types of biodiversity data sets. We characterise the typical types of data gaps as different classes of missing data and then use missing data theory to explore the implications for questions about species' trends and factors affecting occurrences/abundances. By using this framework, we show that bias due to data gaps can arise when the factors affecting sampling and/or data availability overlap with those affecting species. But a data set per se is not biased. The outcome depends on the ecological question and statistical approach, which determine choices around which sources of variation are taken into account. We argue that typical approaches to long‐term species trend modelling using monitoring data are especially susceptible to data gaps since such models do not tend to account for the factors driving missingness. To identify general solutions to this problem, we review empirical studies and use simulation studies to compare some of the most frequently employed approaches to deal with data gaps, including subsampling, weighting and imputation. All these methods have the potential to reduce bias but may come at the cost of increased uncertainty of parameter estimates. Weighting techniques are arguably the least used so far in ecology and have the potential to reduce both the bias and variance of parameter estimates. Regardless of the method, the ability to reduce bias critically depends on knowledge of, and the availability of data on, the factors creating data gaps. We use this review to outline the necessary considerations when dealing with data gaps at different stages of the data collection and analysis workflow.
Cervical Auscultation for Detecting Oropharyngeal Aspiration in Paediatric and Adult Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Cron Annelise C. , David Michael , Orbell‐Smith Jane , Chang Anne B. , Weir Kelly A. , Frakking Thuy T. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundCervical auscultation (CA) involves listening to swallowing and respiratory sounds and/or vibrations to detect oropharyngeal aspiration (OPA). CA has shown promising diagnostic test accuracy when used with the clinical swallowing examination and is gaining popularity in clinical practise. There has not been a review to date analysing the accuracy of CA in paediatric and adult populations with meta‐analyses.ObjectivesTo determine the accuracy of CA in detecting OPA in paediatric and adult populations, when compared to instrumental assessments.Search MethodsDatabases searched included MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, AustHealth, Cochrane and Web of Science. The search was restricted between 01 October 2012 and 01 October 2022.Selection CriteriaInclusion criteria included (a) all clinical populations of all ages, (b) who have had an instrumental assessment and (c) CA. All study types were included.Data Collection and AnalysisStudies were reviewed independently by two authors. The methodological quality of the studies was analysed using the QUADAS‐2.Main ResultsTen studies met the inclusion criteria for this review and meta‐analyses. The pooled diagnostic performance of CA in detecting OPA was 0.91 for sensitivity and 0.79 for specificity. The area under the curve summary receiver operating curve (sROC) was estimated to be 0.86, thereby indicating good discrimination of OPA. Most studies scored high for risk of bias in at least one domain in the QUADAS‐2, likely attributed to a lack of high‐quality prospectively designed studies.ConclusionsThere are promising diagnostic test accuracies for the use of CA in detection of OPA. Future research could include using CA in specific clinical populations and settings, and identifying standardised criteria for CA.
Circ_0028826 Promotes Growth and Metastasis of NSCLC via Acting as a Sponge of miR‐758‐3p to Derepress IDH2 Expression
Authors: Guo Lihong , Liu Xueqin , Zhang Jie , Liu Zhuixing , Zhang Bohao , Sun Yang , Cui Dandan , Liu Jinpeng 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundNon–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the cancers with the highest mortality and morbidity in the world. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are newly identified players in carcinogenesis and development of various cancers. This study is aimed at exploring the functional effects and mechanism of circ_0028826 in the development of NSCLC.MethodsReal‐time quantitative PCR (RT‐qPCR) was used to detect the expression levels of circ_0028826, IDH2 mRNA, and miR‐758‐3p. IDH2, Bcl2, Bax, and E‐cadherin protein levels were detected using a western blot. Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK‐8), 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine (EdU), flow cytometry, wound healing, and transwell assays were used to assess the capacities of proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion. Interaction between miR‐758‐3p and circ_0028826 or IDH2 was validated using a dual‐luciferase reporter assay. The role of circ_0028826 in vivo was checked based on a xenograft tumor model.ResultsCirc_0028826 was elevated in NSCLC, and its absence inhibited NSCLC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and induced apoptosis. In terms of mechanism, circ_0028826 increased IDH2 expression by targeting miR‐758‐3p. In addition, circ_0028826 knockdown also regulated IDH2 by targeting miR‐758‐3p to inhibit tumor growth in vivo.ConclusionCirc_0028826 promoted the development of NSCLC via regulation of the miR‐758‐3p/IDH2 axis, providing a new strategy for NSCLC treatment.
Regulation of exosomes as biologic medicines: Regulatory challenges faced in exosome development and manufacturing processes
Authors: Wang Chun‐Kai , Tsai Teng‐Huang , Lee Chung‐Hsi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWith advances in medical technology, extracellular vesicles, also known as exosomes, are gaining widespread attention because of their potential therapeutic applications. However, their regulatory landscape is complex and varies across countries because of their unique intracellular mechanisms of action. The diversity of manufacturing techniques renders their standardization challenging, leading to a fragmented regulatory landscape. The current global regulatory framework of exosomes can be broadly classified into two strategies: one involves elucidating constituent components within exosomes and the other involves examining the physiological repercussions of their secretion. When using exosomes as therapeutic agents, they should be governed similarly to biological medicinal products. Similar to biologics, exosomes have been analyzed to determine their particle size and protein composition. An exosome‐based therapeutic agent should be clinically approved after understanding its molecular composition and structure and demonstrating its pharmacokinetics and therapeutic efficacy. However, demonstrating the pharmacokinetics and therapeutic efficacy of exosomes is challenging for regulatory agencies. This article reviews the technical characteristics of exosomes, analyzes the trends in regulatory laws in various countries, and discusses the chemistry, manufacturing, and control requirements of clinical applications.
Trends in rates of hospitalisation for infection in people with diabetes and the general population
Authors: Feleke Berhanu Elfu , Shaw Jonathan E. , Magliano Dianna J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimTo describe the trends of hospitalisation for infections in people with diabetes and in the general population.MethodsPeople with diabetes were identified from the Australian National Diabetes Services Scheme linked to hospitalisation datasets from 2010/11 to 2018/19. Data on hospitalisations in the general population were obtained from the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Joinpoint regression software was used to calculate the annual percentage change (APC) of rates.ResultsThe rate of hospitalisation for total infections increased with an APC of 2.6% (95% CI: 1.5, 3.7) among people with type 1 diabetes, 3.6% (2.6, 4.6) among people with type 2 diabetes, and 2.5% (1.3, 3.9) in the general population. Increasing rates were observed for sepsis, influenza, kidney infections, osteomyelitis, cellulitis, and foot infections in all groups. The rate of hospitalisation for urinary tract infection declined among people with type 2 diabetes though it was stable in other groups. The rate of hospitalisation for respiratory tract infections was stable among people with type 1 diabetes but increased in other groups. The rate of hospitalisation for gastrointestinal infection was stable in all cohorts.ConclusionHospitalisation rates for infection have increased more rapidly over time in people with diabetes than in the general population.
Assessing aortic flow with doppler echocardiography in cardiogenic shock: A crucial diagnostic tool
Authors: Riccardi Mauro , Cani Dario S. , Pagnesi Matteo , Lombardi Carlo M. , Metra Marco , Inciardi Riccardo M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPurposeCardiogenic shock still has a high mortality. In order to correctly manage these patients, it is useful to have available haemodynamic parameters, invasive and non‐invasive. The aim of this review is to show the current evidence on the use of echocardiographic aortic flow assessment by left ventricular outflow tract ‐ velocity time integral.MethodsPublications relevant to the discussion of echocardiographic aortic flow assessment by left ventricular outflow tract ‐ velocity time integral and cardiogenic shock, were retrieved from PubMed®.ResultsLeft ventricular outflow tract ‐ velocity time integral is an easily sampled and reproducible parameter that has already been shown to have prognostic value in various cardiovascular pathologies, including myocardial infarction and heart failure. Although there are still few data available in the literature, the LVOT‐VTI also seems to have an important role in CS from prognosis to guidance in the escalation/de‐escalation of vasoactive therapy and to support devices by allowing an estimate of patient’s probability of response to fluid administration.ConclusionAortic flow assessment can become a very useful invasive parameter in the management of cardiogenic shock.
Measuring the macroprudential policy stance in the euro area with a semi‐structural model
Authors: Budnik Katarzyna , Boucherie Louis , Panoš Jiří 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis article proposes a methodology for measuring the macroprudential policy stance based on a forward‐looking distance‐to‐tail metric derived from a large‐scale semi‐structural model. The model reflects the dynamics of 89 significant euro area banks and 19 euro area economies and two endogenous amplification mechanisms: the real economy banking sector and solvency funding feedback loops. Our results reveal a slight tightening of the macroprudential policy stance from 2017 to the end of 2019 that partially stemmed from adjusting macroprudential capital buffers and the phase‐in of other systemwide banking sector policies reflecting macroprudential intentions. This trend is abruptly interrupted at the onset of the Covid‐19 pandemic, when pronounced macrofinancial uncertainty led to a substantial increase in tail risks and reappears in 2021. Our assessment also reveals a high degree of co‐movement in macroprudential stances across the euro area countries.
Ukrainian Refugees’ Differentiated Treatment: A Critical and Systematic Review
Authors: Mickelsson Tony Blomqvist 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTThis review examines the distinct treatment of millions of displaced Ukrainians amidst the ongoing conflict, compared to previous refugee groups in Europe, presenting a synthesis of research encompassing traditional and grey literature. Evaluating resettlement processes, the analysis underscores the unique factors shaping Ukrainian refugees' reception, shedding light on disparities compared to other refugee groups. Cultural perceptions, vulnerability, demographics and the framing of Russia as a common adversary influence responses from individuals, organizations and nations in unprecedented ways in Western societies. The discussion critically dissects these findings, proposing the concept of ‘promising victimhood’ for a nuanced understanding of differential treatment, while urging further theoretical development. This concise systematic review serves as a crucial benchmark for both academics and policymakers, emphasizing the need to address systemic injustices in refugee reception across various levels and sectors.
The Co‐Production, Pilot and Qualitative Evaluation of a Cancer Prevention Programme With High‐Risk Women Delivered on Group Walks by Cancer Champions: Shoulder to Shoulder, Walk and Talk
Authors: Hanson Sarah , Hardeman Wendy 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesWomen in the criminal justice system and women who have been subject to domestic abuse are at high risk of cancer but underrepresented in health promotion research. We aimed to co‐produce, pilot and evaluate a health promoting programme delivered on group walks.DesignA programme co‐produced by women, based on motivational interviewing, created the opportunity for supportive conversations about cancer prevention.MethodsProgramme development in two workshops with women with lived experience using authentic vignettes to prompt help‐seeking conversations. A small pilot and a qualitative evaluation was done using framework analysis.ResultsThe programme appeared acceptable to women and the walk leaders. Women felt included and found it a safe space for sensitive conversations. They appeared empowered and more confident to seek help. Walk leaders expressed confidence in delivering this informal programme, which used prompts rather than delivering didactic training.ConclusionCancer prevention for high‐risk groups can be delivered in a personalised and novel way by creating informal opportunities for supportive conversations about cancer prevention. Careful co‐production of the programme of walks with women, using scenarios and quotes that were authentic vignettes, ensured that these came directly from the women's lived experience and enabled women to talk about change. Our findings indicate that this approach was practical, relevant and acceptable to them with some evidence of women feeling empowered to make informed decisions about their health. We recommend that future cancer prevention programmes for underrepresented groups take an asset‐based approach by utilising pre‐existing community organisations to increase reach and sustainability.Patient and Public InvolvementWomen with lived experience co‐designed and tested the programme. Provisional findings were fed back to the women and the women's organisation that partnered with this research.
The importance of stratum corneum ω‐linoleoyloxyacylceramides in human skin barrier health: their biochemistry, processing enzymes and metabolites involved in corneocyte lipid envelope maturation
Authors: Rawlings Anthony V. , Lane Majella E. , Voegeli Rainer 
Published: August 2024

AbstractOver the past 50 years there have been great strides made in the discovery of the composition and relevance of the total stratum corneum (SC) ceramide matrix. However, the focus of this review is on the free intercellular class of ω‐linoleoyloxyacylceramides, corneocyte‐bound ceramides and associated lipids known as the corneocyte lipid envelope (CLE) together with their processing enzymes involved in aiding ceramide attachment the corneocyte protein envelope (CPE). Two structural models and partially shared biosynthetic pathways have been proposed for the attachment of CPE‐bound O‐ceramides (ω‐hydroxyceramides attached to glutamate residues of proteins in the (CPE) using the 12R‐lipoxygenase (12R‐LOX)/epidermal lipoxygenase‐3 (eLOX3)/epoxide hydrolase‐3 (EPHX3)/unknown esterase/ transglutaminase‐1 (TG1) attachment pathway) and CPE‐bound EO‐ceramides (epoxy‐enone ceramides attached to cysteine residues of proteins in the CPE using the 12R‐LOX/eLOX3/short chain dehydrogenase/reductase family 9C member 7 (SDR9C7)/non‐enzymatic attachment pathway), i.e. there is a bifurcation step beyond epidermal eLOX3. Their formation and structures will be discussed as well as their relevance in compromised skin barrier conditions together with our own work on SC maturation examined by proteomics, lipidomics, enzyme immunolocalization studies, mechanical fragility assays and Nile red staining of corneocyte envelopes (CE). Reduced levels of 12R‐LOX, eLOX3, SDR9C7 and TG1 were observed in photodamaged skin of the cheeks that were associated with reduced SC maturation as evidenced by Nile red staining and increased CE fragility. In the severely photodamaged cheeks of Albino African SC we also observed increased levels of acylceramides. Concomitantly by reducing the activity of 12R‐LOX by antibody inhibition and TG1 inhibition with a known chemical inhibitor, we demonstrated in a humidity‐based ex vivo SC maturation model that these enzymes contributed to increased CE hydrophobicity and mechanical integrity. We hypothesize that at least the CPE‐bound O‐ceramide pathway is operational in the SC. Nevertheless, our understanding of the full complexity of ω‐linoleoyloxyacylceramides and the composition of the CLE is limited particularly on cosmetically relevant body sites such as the face.