bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lack of Accuracy of Biomarkers and Physical Examination to Detect Bacterial Infection in Febrile Infants
Authors: Díaz Marta Germán , García Rosa Pavo , Gamero Daniel Blázquez , González-Tomé M. Isabel , Romero Pilar Cedena , Ferrer Milagros Marín , Contreras Jesús Ruiz 
Published: March 2015

Objectives
The aim of this study was to analyze the usefulness of physical examination, C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), white blood cell (WBC) count, and absolute neutrophils counts (ANCs) for the diagnosis of invasive bacterial infections (IBIs) and potentially serious bacterial infections in infants younger than the age of 3 months presenting with fever without source (FWS) to the emergency department (ED).

Methods
A descriptive retrospective study that includes all infants aged younger than 3 months who presented with FWS to the ED between July 2008 and January 2012. We evaluated diagnostic performance for each test by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, and negative likelihood ratio were also calculated.

Results
Three hundred eighteen patients met the inclusion criteria. Eleven bacteremia (3.5%) and 76 urinary tract infections (23.9%) were diagnosed. To detect IBI, the areas under the curve for the different tests were as follows: PCT, 0.77 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.57–0.96); CRP, 0.54 (95% CI, 0.36–0.73); ANC, 0.53 (95% CI, 0.34–0.71); and WBC, 0.42 (0.24–0.61). To detect potentially serious bacterial infections, the areas under the curve were as follows: PCT, 0.66 (95% CI, 0.59–0.74); CRP, 0.68 (0.60–0.76); ANC, 0.64 (0.56–0.71); and WBC, 0.66 (0.58–0.72).

Conclusions
Procalcitonin is better than CRP, WBC, and ANC to confirm or dismiss the presence of an IBI in infants aged younger than 3 months presenting with FWS to the ED. However, it could not identify almost 30% of infants with IBI. Most patients diagnosed with IBI (10 of 11) presented abnormal values in at least one of the analytical parameters and/or physical appearance. Four of 5 patients with IBI and well appearing presented abnormal results in at least one of the analytical parameters. Therefore, the development of tools combining different tests including the new biomarkers could increase the reliability of the tests for the diagnosis of IBI in these patients.
Bangkok beer & beverages: in pursuit of growth
Authors: Racela Olimpia C. 
Published: March 2015

Title
Bangkok beer & beverages: in pursuit of growth.

Subject area
Entrepreneurship, Strategic management, Importer/Distributor, Marketing, Environmental forces, Wine, Thailand.

Study level/applicability
Senior undergraduate or graduate MBA students taking a course in entrepreneurship, strategic management, marketing or small business management.

Case overview
Bangkok Beer & Beverages (BB&B) Company is an importer, distributor and marketer of premium spirits and wines in Thailand. The case takes place in April 2007, after the public announcement of BB&B's distribution agreement with Fosters Group of Australia to distribute the Group's Penfolds brand throughout Thailand. Coinciding with this milestone of BB&B is the rising interest in wine and the announcement by the Thailand Government to impose stricter regulations for the distribution and promotion of alcoholic beverages to curb consumption in response to demands made by several public interest groups. Within this backdrop, Pongchalerm Chalermsaphayakorn, co-founder and CEO of BB&B, was working with a team to consider future opportunities to pursue for sustainable long-term growth.

Expected learning outcomes
This case problem can be used to increase students' understanding of: how an entrepreneurial firm attempts to build/develop organizational capability; how decision-makers should assess the impact of, and respond to, the threat of significant and uncontrollable changes to the business macroenvironment; a firm's market position and the identification of strategic groups in an industry; and evaluating different growth opportunities and the implications on a firm's mission.

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.
The assortativity of scholars at a research-intensive university in Malaysia
Authors: Kumar Sameer , Jan Jariah Mohd. 
Published: March 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this study was to provide quantitative indicators of intra-university assortative mixing patterns of scholars based on five parameters: degree of connections, faculty, professional position, gender and race.

Design/methodology/approach
– We conducted a case study of business and management scholars of University of Malaya, a research-intensive University in Malaysia, using co-authorship in papers indexed in the Digital Library Indexing System, Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) database of Web of Science, from 2006 to 2010. Background information of scholars was extracted from bibliometric records, online curriculum vitaes and other online sources. Assortativity coefficients were calculated for all parameters.

Findings
– The study found a degree assortativity coefficient of 0.195, which corresponds with other studies in the literature. Assortativity due to university faculty was strongly assortative at 0.649, whereas gender (0.28) and race (0.16) were weakly assortative. However, in contrast to the common belief that “similarity breeds connection”, the scholars were highly disassortative by professional position (−0.75).

Practical implications
– This study holds significance to policymakers in understanding the socio-academic factors that bring scholars together. It also adds to the body of knowledge in social network studies that are examining the various factors responsible in bringing the actors together.

Originality/value
– This is one of the first studies that empirically investigated mixing patterns of researchers at a prominent research-intensive university in Malaysia.
Web challenges faced by blind and vision impaired users in libraries of Delhi
Authors: Kumar Shailendra , Sanaman Gareema 
Published: March 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to analyse the challenges faced by blind/vision-impaired users during the web access in the leading academic and special libraries of Delhi, India.

Design/methodology/approach
– Survey methodology has been used as the basic research tool for data collection with the help of questionnaire. A total of 125 users surveyed in all the five libraries are selected randomly on the basis of willingness of the users to participate in the survey with the experience of working in digital environment. The survey results were tabulated and analysed with descriptive statistics methods using Excel software and “Stata version 11”.

Findings
– There are various barriers faced by blind/vision-impaired users in the libraries of Delhi (India) during the “web access” with the help of assistive technologies as assistive technology like “Screen Readers” available today are “somewhat compatible” with the web. The facility of “web-based catalogue” is generally lacking in Delhi libraries.

Research limitations/implications
– The paper does not offer a comprehensive set of web accessibility issues, concentrating instead on the most common problems as epitome of this study.

Practical implications
– The paper raises awareness of web accessibility issues in libraries of Delhi, India.

Originality/value
– The paper highlights the web accessibility issues faced by blind/vision-impaired users of leading academic and special libraries of India including the users’ recommendations for the accessible web page/website design for the first time.
Implementing a resource list management system in an academic library
Authors: Cross Richard 
Published: March 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to review the key components of the introduction of a new resource list management system (RLMS) at Nottingham Trent University (NTU) using the Aspire application from Talis Education. It explains the key service goals; the implementation milestones; the main technical challenges which needed to be addressed; and the dynamic relationship between the rollout of the RLMS and existing selection, acquisition and resource delivery processes.

Design/methodology/approach
– This evidence in this paper is drawn from the experiences of the NTU RLMS project group, which involved colleagues from Libraries and Learning Resources, Information Systems and the Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) teams at the university. It draws on both qualitative evaluations and quantitative assessments of adoption and use by academics, students and library staff; and the internal mechanisms of project review.

Findings
– This paper concludes that the successful technical implementation of a cloud-based mission-critical service for academics and students depends on a successful collaboration between library, VLE and technical teams; and reaffirms that a hosted RLMS service still requires the deployment of local technical expertise. It is essential (although not always straightforward) to try to anticipate the impact that the introduction of a new RLMS will have on existing processes (inside the library and without). Ultimately, however, the successful implementation of an RLMS is dependent on securing its adoption by both academics and students; not least by ensuring that the application meets their needs. Although it is not a technical prerequisite, the prospect of a successful implementation of an RLMS is greatly improved when working with the grain of a supportive institutional policy environment.

Originality/value
– Interest in “next-generation” resource list systems which can address the needs of students, academics and library services is likely to increase sharply in the next few years, as library services seek to align both resource spend and resource discovery more closely than ever with the student experience around “directed reading”. The experiences of an “early adopter” implementer of an RLMS highlight some of the key prerequisites and significant operational decisions, and provide a number of insights for those about to embark on a similar implementation process.
The factors and criteria for prioritization of GIS utilization by libraries
Authors: Pournaghi Roya , Babalhavaeji Fahimeh 
Published: March 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to identify the impressive factors on choosing the type of the libraries and information centers and determining their significance and prioritizing them and finally determining the priority of each type according to the identified factors to implement geographic information system (GIS) in the library researches.

Design/methodology/approach
– A combination of documentary, Delphi and analytic methods was used in the current study. Due to the interdisciplinary nature of the topic in mind, different dimensions of the issue were firstly identified through reviewing the research literature. Then, the Delphi panel was formed and the factors and indices for choosing and prioritizing the libraries were extracted and finally the analytic-hierarchy and Topsis method was used for analyzing and ranking the data which were collected through a questionnaire. In this way, the instrument was devised by the researcher and the population under the study consisted of the professors in two fields of LIS and the GIS. The criteria include the “access to the library”, “being active”, “the number of sources”, “the size and space of the place”, “the library equipment”, “compatibility” each one include eight, seven, five, five, two and five factors, respectively.

Findings
– In the Delphi study, six factors including 32 indices were determined for prioritizing the libraries to implement the GIS in the library researches. The analytic-hierarchy method was applied to compare the factors correspondingly in terms of the degree of their significance. In this way, “access to the library sources”, “being active”, “the number of sources”, “the size and space of the place”, “the library equipment” and “compatibility” were identified as the factors on choosing the library type with the values of 0.39, 0.24, 0.16, 0.08, 0.07 and 0.06, respectively. Then, several types of the libraries were ranked and the findings show that academic libraries are prioritized as the first one for conducting the GIS projects.

Originality/value
– Employing the factors resulted from the conducted researches is recommended for choosing the libraries to implement the GIS, so that the researches in this interdisciplinary field become more organized. To extend the current study, the extracted factors and indices can be sent to the professors of the LIS from the other countries to elicit their insights and thereby, designing a standard international checklist for choosing the libraries and information centers in the GIS projects.
An exploratory study on factors affecting the adoption of cloud computing by information professionals
Authors: Aharony Noa 
Published: March 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this study explores what factors may influence information professionals to adopt new technologies, such as cloud computing in their organizations. The objectives of this study are as follows: to what extent does the technology acceptance model (TAM) explain information professionals intentions towards cloud computing, and to what extent do personal characteristics, such as cognitive appraisal and openness to experience, explain information professionals intentions to use cloud computing.Design/methodology/approach– The research was conducted in Israel during the second semester of the 2013 academic year and encompassed two groups of information professionals: librarians and information specialists. Researchers used seven questionnaires to gather the following data: personal details, computer competence, attitudes to cloud computing, behavioural intention, openness to experience, cognitive appraisal and self-efficacy.Findings– The current study found that the behavioural intention to use cloud computing was impacted by several of the TAM variables, personal characteristics and computer competence.Originality/value– The study expands the scope of research about the TAM by applying it to information professionals and cloud computing and highlights the importance of individual traits, such as cognitive appraisal, personal innovativeness, openness to experience and computer competence when considering technology acceptance. Further, the current study proposes that if directors of information organizations assume that novel technologies may improve their organizations’ functioning, they should be familiar with both the TAM and the issue of individual differences. These factors may help them choose the most appropriate workers.
Exploration of usage behavioral model construction for university library electronic resources
Authors: Chang Sung-Shan , Lou Shi-Jer , Cheng Shuenn-Ren , Lin Chin-Lang 
Published: March 2015

Purpose
– The primary purpose of this paper is to integrate unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) and website service quality, compiling it into a usage behavioural model for university library electronic resources.

Design/methodology/approach
– Using structural equation model technology to verify model fit. Questionnaire surveys are the main research methodology in this study, in which fourth-year university students and second-year Master’s students in six Taiwan public and private universities are the research population. This study uses a cluster sampling, releasing 1,206 questionnaires, and retrieves 1,089 valid questionnaires, for a valid retrieval rate of 90.3 per cent.

Findings
– The conclusions are: this study has good fit in the model, and is applicable for the UTAUT; the pairs of variables are correlated; public or private and school type have partial significant mediating effect; website service quality has a significant positive influence on behavioural intention; performance expectancy and social influence both positively affect behavioural intention; facilitating conditions positively affect use behaviour.

Originality/value
– Empirical research results and suggestions are provided for the relevant departments for practice and future academic research.
Outdoor learning contra indoor learning
Authors: Mellvig Susanne , Nilsson Anders 
Published: March 2015

Purpose
– In the Swedish biology curriculum for upper secondary school, it is stated that teaching in ecology should include field studies. The purpose of this study was to answer whether students increased their understanding in ecology after they had participated in a field trip, compared to traditional classroom teaching.

Design/methodology/approach
– The students’ (n=64) prior knowledge of ecology was measured by questionnaires. One group of students (G1) was then exposed to a theoretical teaching strategy. A second group (G2) was directly exposed to a field study. When the groups had been exposed to the same central concepts, the knowledge of ecosystem concepts were again tested by questionnaires. In a second learning cycle, we exposed group one to outdoor ecology teaching and group two to traditional theoretical teaching. A pretest was performed, followed by the educational settings. After this second learning cycle, a second test was administered and the results were evaluated.

Findings
– When our results were evaluated, no difference between traditional classroom teaching and outdoor teaching could be found. In our opinion well motivated students in general – i.e. the students included in this study – could be, to a lesser degree, motivated by changes in the learning context.

Originality/value
– The method we used enabled us to study progress and achievement, this can also be easily applied to the Swedish natural science curriculum. Although our results didn’t show any differences between indoor and outdoor learning, we feel encouraged to use this method to further explore potential benefits from outdoor learning.
Trade performance and revealed comparative advantage of Indian pharmaceutical industry in new IPR regime
Authors: Mahajan Varun , Nauriyal D.K. , Singh S P. 
Published: March 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine the trade performance, revealed comparative advantage and trade specialisation indices of Indian pharmaceutical in the post-modified Indian Patent Act.

Design/methodology/approach
– The main data sources for this paper are United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, PROWESS of Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy, Government of India reports and Reserve Bank of India databases. Revealed comparative advantage index (RCAI) and trade specialisation coefficient (TSC) have been calculated in the study.

Findings
– India is ranked third in regard of TCS, far behind Ireland and Israel. While Ireland has moved up the value chain faster after 1995, Israel has moved up swiftly after 2000 through global production network and supply chain. The Indian pharmaceutical industry, on the other hand, has largely capitalised on its low-cost production of generic drugs and a large domestic market. The RCAI also supports the results of TSC. India is positioned at 11th place, far behind Ireland, which stands tall at the top with distantly followed by Israel, Switzerland, Belgium, the UK, etc.

Practical implications
– The study shows the policy implications for future sustainable development of the industry as the new IPR regime has given opportunities as well as threats to both domestic pharmaceutical companies as well as the multinational corporations. The Indian pharmaceutical industry can be a good learning experience for other developing countries hopeful to enter the global market for generic drugs.

Originality/value
– There are no major studies providing detailed analyses of India’s comparative advantage vis-à-vis other leading exporters of pharmaceutical products in the world. This study endeavours to fill this gap. It also attempts to capture recent trends in exports and imports during the global recession period.
Escape of spring frost and disease through phenological variations in oak populations along elevation gradients
Authors: Dantec Cécile Françoise , Ducasse Hugo , Capdevielle Xavier , Fabreguettes Olivier , Delzon Sylvain , Desprez‐Loustau Marie‐Laure 
Published: March 2015

Summary

The timing of tree flushing follows strong phenotypic and genetic clines across environmental gradients. It may be seen as an adaptive response to abiotic (escape of spring frost and maximizing growing season length) and biotic (escape of pest and disease) hazards. However, few studies have investigated jointly both types of hazards.

We assessed exposure to both abiotic (spring frost) and biotic (powdery mildew) hazards within and between sessile oak populations along elevation gradients, during the flushing period in several years. For each population and phenological phenotype (early‐ vs. late‐flushing trees), we estimated safety margins, defined as the time period separating budburst from the hazard occurrence (spore emission, spring frost).

We observed that powdery mildew phenology (initiation of spore release in spring) was less responsive to the elevation gradient than oak phenology (budburst) and that it was not correlated with tree phenology within populations. The spring frost and disease safety margins varied considerably between oak populations as a function of elevation and within populations in relation to tree phenological phenotype. For both hazards, safety margins decreased significantly with increasing elevation. The safety margin for spring frost was mostly positive (i.e. escape), whereas the safety margin for powdery mildew was mostly negative (i.e. exposure), leading to infection. The abiotic and biotic hazards interact in opposite directions with phenology, especially at low elevations (< 500 m) where early flushing enabled trees to escape disease while late flushing provided a higher safety margin against late frost.

Synthesis. The observed patterns suggest that oak populations are better adapted to escape spring frost than pathogen exposure all along the elevation gradient. The combination of the biotic and abiotic selective pressures may have contributed to the maintenance of phenological diversity within low‐elevation tree populations. As tree and pathogen respond differently to environmental cues, climate change is likely to affect the phenological (a)synchrony between host and parasite, both within and between populations.
Interventionism by Design or Failure: The Coalition and Humanitarian Intervention
Authors: Oliver Timothy J. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe Coalition took office in 2010 in what seemed to be a relatively benign foreign policy environment. Since then, the international environment has become far more treacherous and the government has considered war on humanitarian grounds on three occasions. In light of the silence of early Coalition documents on humanitarian intervention, together with the two parties’ different positions on the issue, this article assesses the extent to which the Coalition has adopted a distinctive approach to humanitarian intervention. In so doing, it evaluates the relative importance of Conservative and Liberal Democrat traditions in determining the direction of Coalition foreign policy. The article also considers whether there are other, more pertinent factors driving foreign policy, and offers an explanation for its relative isolation from coalition tensions. It concludes by reflecting on the likely future of humanitarian intervention after the May 2015 general election.