bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent developments in the sensorial assessment of cosmetic products: a review
Authors: Pensé‐Lhéritier A.‐M. 
Published: April 2015

SynopsisCosmetic development is not exclusively guided by notions of rational effectiveness but also by notions of sensoriality. Thus, the sensorial properties of a cosmetic product are studied using internationally recognized discriminating or descriptive methods. Descriptive sensory profiling is an essential tool in this process as it allows an experienced panel to assess the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of a product. The results obtained with this method enable to get a more accurate image of the product. However, given the new demands of the industrial world and the new innovation paths (shorter development times, complex products or willingness to include the consumers in the process) a need to access new methods has arisen. These ‘alternative’ methods that offer product positioning, ratings and attribute citation frequency, can be implemented with either a panel of experts or with consumers. The flash profile, the pivot® profile or the check all that apply (CATA) are just a few of the methods that the cosmetic professionals have started to test. This article reviews the methods used in the sensory assessment of cosmetic products. The analysis carried out shows that the complementarity application of sensory assessment is essential in the upstream innovation phase of a product.
Push‐out bond strength of root fillings made with C‐Point and BC sealer versus gutta‐percha and AH Plus after the instrumentation of oval canals with the Self‐Adjusting File versus WaveOne
Authors: Pawar A. M. , Pawar S. , Kfir A. , Pawar M. , Kokate S. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAimTo compare the push‐out bond strength exhibited by root fillings performed with either C‐Point and Endosequence® BC sealer™ (BC Sealer) or gutta‐percha and AH Plus® after the instrumentation of oval canals with either the Self‐Adjusting File (SAF) System or WaveOne (WO) reciprocating file.MethodologyEighty extracted premolars were selected and divided randomly into the following four groups (n = 20): group 1, SAF instrumentation and filling using gutta‐percha and AH Plus sealer; group 2, SAF instrumentation and C‐Point and BC sealer filling; group 3, WO instrumentation and filling using gutta‐percha and AH Plus sealer; and group 4, WO instrumentation and filling with C‐Point and BC sealer. Sodium hypochlorite (5.25%) and EDTA (17%) were used as irrigants for all groups. After the sealer was set completely, the teeth were prepared for micro push‐out assessment using 1.0‐mm‐thick root slices. Loading was performed with a universal testing machine at a speed of 0.5 mm min−1. Two‐way anova and Student's t‐test for pairwise comparisons were used to compare groups.ResultsAll specimens filled with C‐Point and BC sealer were associated with significantly higher push‐out bond strength compared with gutta‐percha and AH Plus sealer (P < 0.001). The bond strength was higher for the coronal and apical samples of the C‐Point/BC sealer/SAF group (6.6 ± 0.3 and 3.2 ± 0.3 MPa) versus those of the gutta‐percha/AH Plus/WO group (4.8 ± 0.3 and 1.8 ± 0.3 MPa), by 38% and by 80% in the coronal and apical parts, respectively (P < 0.001, P < 0.0001). Adhesive bond failure was more common in the WaveOne‐instrumented group in general and in the buccal and lingual recesses in this group in particular.ConclusionsIn oval canals, the instrument used and the root filling material significantly affected the push‐out values of root fillings. The highest value was recorded in oval root canals instrumented with the SAF System and filled with C‐Point and BC sealer, whereas the lowest strength was noted in oval canals instrumented with WaveOne and filled with gutta‐percha and AH Plus sealer.
Human spleen microanatomy: why mice do not suffice
Authors: Steiniger Birte S. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryThe microanatomical structure of the spleen has been primarily described in mice and rats. This leads to terminological problems with respect to humans and their species‐specific splenic microstructure. In mice, rats and humans the spleen consists of the white pulp embedded in the red pulp. In the white pulp, T and B lymphocytes form accumulations, the periarteriolar lymphatic sheaths and the follicles, located around intermediate‐sized arterial vessels, the central arteries. The red pulp is a reticular connective tissue containing all types of blood cells. The spleen of mice and rats exhibits an additional well‐delineated B‐cell compartment, the marginal zone, between white and red pulp. This area is, however, absent in human spleen. Human splenic secondary follicles comprise three zones: a germinal centre, a mantle zone and a superficial zone. In humans, arterioles and sheathed capillaries in the red pulp are surrounded by lymphocytes, especially by B cells. Human sheathed capillaries are related to the splenic ellipsoids of most other vertebrates. Such vessels are lacking in rats or mice, which form an evolutionary exception. Capillary sheaths are composed of endothelial cells, pericytes, special stromal sheath cells, macrophages and B lymphocytes. Human spleens most probably host a totally open circulation system, as connections from capillaries to sinuses were not found in the red pulp. Three stromal cell types of different phenotype and location occur in the human white pulp. Splenic white and red pulp structure is reviewed in rats, mice and humans to encourage further investigations on lymphocyte recirculation through the spleen.
Values‐based practice and phenomenological psychopathology: implications of existential changes in depression
Authors: Fernandez Anthony Vincent , Wieten Sarah 
Published: April 2015

AbstractValues‐based practice (VBP), developed as a partner theory to evidence‐based medicine (EBM), takes into explicit consideration patients' and clinicians' values, preferences, concerns and expectations during the clinical encounter in order to make decisions about proper interventions.VBPtakes seriously the importance of life narratives, as well as how such narratives fundamentally shape patients' and clinicians' values. It also helps to explain difficulties in the clinical encounter as conflicts of values. While we believe thatVBPadds an important dimension to the clinician's reasoning and decision‐making procedures, we argue that it ignores the degree to which values can shift and change, especially in the case of psychiatric disorders.VBPdoes this in three respects. First, it does not appropriately engage with the fact that a person's values can change dramatically in light of major life events. Second, it does not acknowledge certain changes in the way people value, or in their modes of valuing, that occur in cases of severe psychiatric disorder. And third, it does not acknowledge the fact that certain disorders can even alter the degree to which one is capable of valuing anything at all. We believe that ignoring such changes limits the degree to whichVBPcan be effectively applied to clinical treatment and care. We conclude by considering a number of possible remedies to this issue, including the use of proxies and written statements of value generated through interviews and discussions between patient and clinician.
Development of mature BDNF‐specific sandwich ELISA
Authors: Lim Yoon , Zhong Jin‐Hua , Zhou Xin‐Fu 
Published: April 2015

AbstractMature brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (mBDNF) plays a vital role in the nervous system, whereas proBDNF elicits neurodegeneration and neuronal apoptosis. Although current enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been widely used to measure BDNF levels, it cannot differentiate mBDNF from proBDNF. As the function of proBDNF differs from mBDNF, it is necessary to establish an ELISA assay specific for the detection of mBDNF. Therefore, we aimed to establish a new mBDNF‐specific sandwich ELISA. In this study, we have screened and found a combination of antibodies for a sandwich ELISA. A monoclonal antibody and sheep anti‐BDNF were chosen as capture and detection antibody for sandwich ELISA respectively. The new ELISA showed no cross‐reactivity to human recombinant NT‐3, NT‐4, nerve growth factor and negligible cross‐reactivity (0.99–4.99%) for proBDNF compared to commercial ELISA kits (33.18–91.09%). The application of the new mBDNF ELISA was shown through the measurement of mBDNF levels in different brain regions of rats and in the brain of β‐site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1)−/− and WT mice and compared to western blot. Overall, this new ELISA will be useful for the measurement of mBDNF levels with high specificity.
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As the function of proBDNF differs from mBDNF (mature BDNF), it is necessary to establish an ELISA specific for the detection of mBDNF. Here, we present a novel sandwich ELISA which detects mBDNF with high specificity. This new ELISA will be useful for the measurement of mBDNF levels with high specificity in various human and animal tissues. proBDNF, precursor of BDNF; BDNF, brain‐derived neurotrophic factor; NT‐3, neurotrophin‐3; NT‐4, neurotrophin‐4; NGF, nerve growth factor.
Social support moderates the effects of stress on sleep in adolescents
Authors: van Schalkwijk Frank J. , Blessinga Agaath N. , Willemen Agnes M. , Van Der Werf Ysbrand D. , Schuengel Carlo 
Published: April 2015

SummaryAcademic expectations and demands become primary sources of stress during adolescence, negatively affecting sleep. To cope with stress, adolescents may turn to social support figures. The present study tested the extent of main and moderating effects of various sources of social support on the association between stress and sleep. Adolescents (n = 202, meanage 14.6 years, standard deviation = 0.71) reported on academic stress, sleep, and support using questionnaires during a low‐ and high‐stress period, defined by the absence or presence of examinations, respectively. Inquiries were made regarding social support from parents, friends, and class supervisor. During both stress periods, academic stress was associated negatively with sleep quality and positively with sleep reduction. Social support increased sleep quality and lowered sleep reduction. In addition, social support moderated the effects of academic stress on sleep, thus improving sleep quality and lowering sleep reduction. Moderating effects were stronger during a period of high stress. The present study showed that adolescents can benefit from stress moderation through social support by improvements of sleep quality and sleep reduction. Such moderating effects should be taken into account when studying stress and sleep. Implications and recommendations based on these findings are discussed.
Hepatitis B reactivation in multiple myeloma patients with resolved hepatitis B undergoing chemotherapy
Authors: Lee Ji Yun , Lim Sung Hee , Lee Min‐Young , Kim Haesu , Sinn Dong Hyun , Gwak Geum‐Youn , Choi Moon Seok , Lee Joon Hyeok , Jung Chul Won , Jang Jun Ho , Kim Won Seog , Kim Seok Jin , Kim Kihyun 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackground & AimsDespite increasing reports of hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation in multiple myeloma (MM), HBV reactivation in patients with resolved hepatitis B [hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)‐negative/anti‐hepatitis B core antigen antibody (anti‐HBc)‐positive] is still poorly characterized. The aim of this study was to clarify its frequency and risk factors.MethodsA total of 230 MM patients with resolved hepatitis B were retrospectively reviewed for HBV reactivation and biochemical flare.ResultsDuring a median 2.4 years of follow‐up, HBV reactivation was diagnosed in 12 patients (5.2%). The cumulative rates of HBV reactivation at 2 years and 5 years were 5% and 8% respectively. A baseline anti‐HBs‐negative status (P = 0.033) and high‐dose therapy/autologous stem‐cell transplantation [HDT/ASCT (P = 0.025)] were significant risk factors that were positively associated with HBV reactivation. In subgroup analysis of patients treated with HDT/ASCT (n = 127), a baseline anti‐HBs‐negative status was the only significant risk factor for HBV reactivation (hazard ratio, 4.64; 95% CI, 1.47–14.7; P = 0.009).DiscussionThese data show that evaluation of anti‐HBc is needed for MM patients, and suggest that monitoring of HBV DNA should be considered for patients with resolved hepatitis B undergoing HDT/ASCT, especially those who are anti‐HBs‐negative.
Demystifying computer science for molecular ecologists
Authors: Belcaid Mahdi , Toonen Robert J. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn this age of data‐driven science and high‐throughput biology, computational thinking is becoming an increasingly important skill for tackling both new and long‐standing biological questions. However, despite its obvious importance and conspicuous integration into many areas of biology, computer science is still viewed as an obscure field that has, thus far, permeated into only a few of the biology curricula across the nation. A national survey has shown that lack of computational literacy in environmental sciences is the norm rather than the exception [Valle & Berdanier (2012) Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America, 93, 373–389]. In this article, we seek to introduce a few important concepts in computer science with the aim of providing a context‐specific introduction aimed at research biologists. Our goal was to help biologists understand some of the most important mainstream computational concepts to better appreciate bioinformatics methods and trade‐offs that are not obvious to the uninitiated.
Cytochrome c biogenesis in Campylobacter jejuni requires cytochrome c6 (CccA; Cj1153) to maintain apocytochrome cysteine thiols in a reduced state for haem attachment
Authors: Liu Yang‐Wei , Kelly David J. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryThe microaerophilic food‐borne pathogen Campylobacter jejuni uses complex cytochrome‐rich respiratory chains for growth and host colonisation. Cytochrome c biogenesis requires haem ligation to reduced apocytochrome cysteines, catalysed by the cytochrome c synthase, CcsBA. While ccsBA could not be deleted, we showed that the thiol reductase DsbD and the CcsX homologue Cj1207 are involved in, but not essential for, cytochromes c biogenesis. Mutant phenotypic analyses and biochemical studies with purified proteins revealed that the mono‐haem c‐type cytochromes Cj1153 (CccA) and Cj1020 (CccB) and the di‐haem Cj0037 (CccC) are electron donors to the cb‐oxidase (CcoNOQP), with CccC being more efficient than CccA. Remarkably, cccA deletion or site‐directed mutagenesis resulted in an almost complete loss of all other c‐type cytochromes. Cytochrome c structural and biogenesis genes were still transcribed in the cccA deletion mutant and the quinol oxidase genes (cioAB) were up‐regulated. Cytochrome c production could be rescued in this mutant by growth with exogenous dithiothreitol or L‐cysteine, suggesting that in the absence of CccA, apocytochrome c haem binding motifs become oxidised, preventing haem attachment. Our results identify CccA, the most abundant periplasmic c‐type cytochrome in C. jejuni, as a novel and unexpected protein required for cytochrome c biogenesis in this pathogen.
A meta‐analysis of immunogenetic Case–Control Association Studies in irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Czogalla B. , Schmitteckert S. , Houghton L. A. , Sayuk G. S. , Camilleri M. , Olivo‐Diaz A. , Spiller R. , Wouters M. M. , Boeckxstaens G. , Lorenzo Bermejo J. , Niesler B. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundTo date, genetic‐association studies of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in selected candidate genes with the symptom phenotype of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) have typically involved hundreds to 2000 patients. SNPs in immune‐related genes, such as cytokine and cytokine receptor encoding genes, have been reported to associate with IBS risk.MethodsWe conducted two independent case–control studies on 16 SNPs in IL1R1, IL4, IL6, IL8, IL10, IL23R, TNFA, and TNFSF15, one from the UK (194 patients and 92 healthy volunteers) and one from the USA (137 patients and 96 healthy volunteers). The main aim was to examine the relationship between inherited immunological diversity and IBS risk in a meta‐analysis which included 12 additional, earlier studies. The meta‐analysis comprised a total of 2894 patients (839 IBS‐C, 1073 IBS‐D, 502 IBS‐M), and 3138 healthy volunteers with self‐reported Caucasian ancestry.Key ResultsThe association of SNP rs4263839 (TNFSF15) was investigated in four studies and confirmed in the meta‐analysis: IBS (OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.08–1.31), and IBS‐C (OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.08–1.42). No additional SNPs residing in immunogenes associated with IBS symptom phenotypes.Conclusions & InferencesOur meta‐analysis could not confirm a major role of most investigated SNPs, but a moderate association between rs4263839 TNFSF15 and IBS, in particular IBS‐C. The analysis emphasizes the importance of definition and phenotype homogeneity, adequate study size and representativeness of the patient and control collective.
Identification of amino acid residues involved in hemin binding in Porphyromonas gingivalis hemagglutinin 2
Authors: Yang Q.B. , Yu F.Y. , Sun L. , Zhang Q.X. , Lin M. , Geng X.Y. , Sun X.N. , Li J.L. , Liu Y. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryPorphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) is a major etiological agent in the development and progression of chronic periodontitis. It produces cysteine proteases (gingipains), including a lysine‐specific gingipain and two arginine‐specific gingipains. Heme binding and uptake are fundamental to the growth and virulence of P. gingivalis. The recombinant hemagglutinin 2 domain (rHA2) of gingipain binds hemin with high affinity. The aim of the present work was to identify the key residues involved in its hemin‐binding activity. A functional rHA2 was expressed and bound to hemin‐agarose, and then digested with endopeptidases. The peptides bound to hemin‐agarose were identified by mass spectrometry and the amino acids were assessed by mutation and peptide binding inhibition analysis. The DHYAVMISK sequence was identified in peptides derived from both Asp‐N and Lys‐C endopeptidase digestions of rHA2. A monoclonal antibody, mAb QB, was produced and its epitope was associated with the DGFPGDHYAVMISK peptide within the HA2 domain. Hemin was shown to competitively inhibit the immunoreactivity of rHA2 or the peptide to mAb QB. The peptide DHYAVMISK inhibited hemin‐binding activity; although, this inhibition was not seen when the peptide contained the H1001E mutation (DEYAVMISK). Based on these results, we propose that residue His1001 is involved in the hemin‐binding mechanism of the P. gingivalis rHA2 and the peptide containing this residue, DHYAVMISK, may be an inhibitor of hemin binding.
Locke on Knowing Our Own Ideas (and Ourselves)
Authors: Weinberg Shelley 
Published: April 2015

AbstractLocke defines knowledge as the perception of the agreement or disagreement of ideas. Nevertheless, he claims that we know particular things: the identity of our ideas, our own existence, and the existence of external objects. Although much has been done to reconcile the definition of knowledge with our knowledge of external objects, there is virtually nothing in the scholarship when it comes to knowing ideas or our own existence. I fill in this gap by arguing that perceptions of ideas are complex mental states that convey propositional knowledge due to agreeing elements therein.
Metabolic and transcriptomic signatures of rice floral organs reveal sugar starvation as a factor in reproductive failure under heat and drought stress
Authors: Li Xia , Lawas Lovely M. F. , Malo Richard , Glaubitz Ulrike , Erban Alexander , Mauleon Ramil , Heuer Sigrid , Zuther Ellen , Kopka Joachim , Hincha Dirk K. , Jagadish Krishna S. V. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractHeat and drought stress are projected to become major challenges to sustain rice (Oryza sativa L.) yields with global climate change. Both stresses lead to yield losses when they coincide with flowering. A significant knowledge gap exists in the mechanistic understanding of the responses of rice floral organs that determine reproductive success under stress. Our work connects the metabolomic and transcriptomic changes in anthers, pistils before pollination and pollinated pistils in a heat‐tolerant (N22) and a heat‐sensitive (Moroberekan) cultivar. Systematic analysis of the floral organs revealed contrasts in metabolic profiles across anthers and pistils. Constitutive metabolic markers were identified that can define reproductive success in rice under stress. Six out of nine candidate metabolites identified by intersection analysis of stressed anthers were differentially accumulated in N22 compared with Moroberekan under non‐stress conditions. Sugar metabolism was identified to be the crucial metabolic and transcriptional component that differentiated floral organ tolerance or susceptibility to stress. While susceptible Moroberekan specifically showed high expression of the Carbon Starved Anthers (CSA) gene under combined heat and drought, tolerant N22 responded with high expression of genes encoding a sugar transporter (MST8) and a cell wall invertase (INV4) as markers of high sink strength.
Assessing allocation of responsibility for health management in pediatric liver transplant recipients
Authors: Bilhartz Jacob L. , Lopez M. James , Magee John C. , Shieck Victoria L. , Eder Sally J. , Fredericks Emily M. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractGiven the increased risk for non‐adherence and poor health outcomes in late adolescence, there is a need for better methods to evaluate and improve the transition process as adolescent patients are prepared to be independent adults. This study assessed the psychometrics and concurrent validity of a newly developed measure of AoR for health management in pediatric liver transplant patients. A total of 48 patients and 37 parents completed a 13‐item measure of AoR. We performed an exploratory PCA on survey results and used component scores to assess the relationship between AoR and age, age at transplant, adherence, and health outcomes. Two primary components were identified: communication with the healthcare system and self‐management tasks. Parent perception of adolescent responsibility for tasks related to communicating with the healthcare system was correlated, in younger patients, with increased non‐adherence while responsibility for tasks related to self‐management was correlated, in older patients, with decreased non‐adherence. These results support AoR as a two‐domain construct, and they provide targets for monitoring and intervention as adolescent patients advance toward transfer.
Florence on foot: an eye‐level mapping of the early modern city in time of plague
Authors: Eckstein Nicholas A. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAs plague approached in August 1630, Florence's health officials commissioned the aristocratic lay brothers of the confraternity of the Archangel Michael (‘San Michele’) to search the city's streets and alleys for signs of disease. While the extraordinary record of this ‘Visitation’ is known to health historians, the present article instead relates it to a long history of urban surveys and censuses in which Florentines fashioned themselves in intimate relation to the physical spaces and places of the urban environment. In August 1630 this process of mental mapping produced a malodorous inversion of the patriotic visions we popularly associate with the birthplace of the Italian Renaissance. Florence emerges in the Visitation as a nightmare city drowning in ordure, suffocating on its own fumes and leaking like a sieve. Spatial intimacy, usually associated with notions of productive neighbourhood sociability and community, appears here as an existential threat. Meanwhile, San Michele's fratelli were forced to balance genuine Christian compassion for the suffering men and women whom they were pledged to assist with long‐standing suspicion of the poor, both as a class and as the potential vectors of pestilence.