bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Inflow Cannulation Site for Implantation of Right‐Sided Rotary Ventricular Assist Device
Authors: Gregory Shaun D. , Pearcy Mark J. , Fraser John , Timms Daniel 
Published: April 2013

AbstractRight heart dysfunction is one of the most serious complications following implantation of a left ventricular assist device, often leading to the requirement for short‐ or long‐term right ventricular assist device (RVAD) support. The inflow cannulation site induces major hemodynamic changes and so there is a need to optimize the site used depending on the patient's condition. Therefore, this study evaluated and compared the hemodynamic influence of right atrial cannulation (RAC) and right ventricular cannulation (RVC) inflow sites. An in vitro variable heart failure mock circulation loop was used to compare RAC and RVC in mild and severe biventricular heart failure (BHF) conditions. In the severe BHF condition, higher ventricular ejection fraction (RAC: 13.6%, RVC: 32.7%) and thus improved heart chamber and RVAD washout were observed with RVC, which suggested this strategy might be preferable for long‐term support (i.e., bridge‐to‐transplant or destination therapy) to reduce the risk of thrombus formation. In the mild BHF condition, higher pulmonary valve flow (RAC: 3.33 L/min, RVC: 1.97 L/min) and lower right ventricular stroke work (RAC: 0.10 W, RVC: 0.13 W) and volumes were recorded with RAC. These results indicate an improved potential for myocardial recovery, thus RAC should be chosen in this condition. This in vitro study suggests that RVAD inflow cannulation site should be chosen on a patient‐specific basis with a view to the support strategy to promote myocardial recovery or reduce the risk of long‐term complications.
Feasibility of exclusive enteral feeds from birth in VLBW infants >1200 g – an RCT
Authors: Sanghvi Kishore P , Joshi Pooja , Nabi Fazal , Kabra Nandkishor 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAimTo evaluate the feasibility of initiation of exclusive enteral feeds on first day of life in very low birthweight infants >1200 g.MethodsHaemodynamically stable infants with birthweights 1200–1500 g irrespective of gestational age were randomized into two groups. Study group: Enteral feeds 80 mL/kg/day started within 1 h of birth and increased by 20 mL/kg/day to 180 mL/kg/day. No intravenous fluids given. Control group: Intravenous fluids 50 mL/kg/day started along with enteral feeds 30 mL/kg/day within 1 h of birth and increased by 20 mL/kg/day to 180 mL/kg/day. The outcome measures were – primary: time to regain birthweight and secondary: duration of hospital stay, incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis and sepsis.ResultsTwenty three babies randomized in each group. Infants in study group regained birthweight earlier [mean 5.52 days, SD ± 2.94] compared to those in control group [mean 12.7 days, SD ± 2.25] (p < 0.0001). Duration of hospital stay was lower in study group [mean 15.04 days, SD ± 5.26] compared to those in control group [mean 28.04 days, SD ± 6.76] (p < 0.0001). No necrotizing enterocolitis detected.ConclusionIt is feasible to initiate exclusive enteral feeds from first day of life in stable infants with birthweight between 1200 and 1500 g without any parenteral fluid support. It leads to twice as faster regaining of birthweight and halves duration of hospital stay.
Physical fitness and academic performance in middle school students
Authors: Bass Ronald W , Brown Dale D , Laurson Kelly R , Coleman Margaret M 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAimThe purpose of this study was to determine whether physical fitness is linked to academic success in middle school students.MethodsThe FITNESSGRAM test battery assessed students (n = 838) in the five components of health‐related fitness. The Illinois Standardized Achievement Test (ISAT) was used to assess academic achievement in reading and math.ResultsThe largest correlations were seen for aerobic fitness and muscular endurance (ranging from 0.12 to 0.27, all p < 0.05). Boys in the Healthy Fitness Zone (HFZ) for aerobic fitness or muscular endurance were 2.5–3 times more likely to pass their math or reading exams. Girls in the HFZ for aerobic fitness were approximately 2–4 times as likely to meet or exceed reading and math test standards.ConclusionsAerobic capacity and muscular endurance seem to positively affect academic achievement in middle school students.
Cardioprotective Effects of Nicorandil, a Mitochondrial Potassium Channel Opener against Doxorubicin‐Induced Cardiotoxicity in Rats
Authors: Abdel‐Raheem Ihab T. , Taye Ashraf , Abouzied Mekky M. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractDoxorubicin is a chemotherapeutic drug used to treat solid and haematopoietic tumours. Its use is limited by a major side effect of cardiotoxicity. It was reported that doxorubicin‐induced cardiotoxicity is mediated through oxidative stress coupled with impaired NO bioavailability and NF‐κB activation. Nicorandil, a mitochondrial ATP‐dependent potassium (KATP) channel opener, was reported to be cardioprotective on ischaemic myocardium. However, the effect of nicorandil against doxorubicin‐induced cardiotoxicity has not yet been clarified. Accordingly, six groups of rats were used. The first three groups were injected with vehicle, nicorandil (3 mg/kg) orally and doxorubicin (a single intraperitoneal injection of 20 mg/kg), respectively. Group four was treated with nicorandil, whereas group five was treated with glibenclamide and then nicorandil starting 2 days before doxorubicin and continued for five consecutive days. Group six was treated with glibenclamide alone. At the end of the experiment, the rats were killed. Cardiac enzyme indexes were measured in serum. Heart tissues were processed for determination of nitrite/nitrate, NF‐κB protein expression, glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxide (TBARS) levels and superoxide production. In addition to body‐weight reduction, doxorubicin produced cardiotoxicity as indicated from the increase in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK) activities, TBARS, superoxide production, NF‐κB expression and caspase‐3 activity. Moreover, doxorubicin decreased GSH and nitrite/nitrate levels. Histopathological examination of doxorubicin‐treated hearts revealed degenerative changes. On the other hand, nicorandil protected cardiac tissues against doxorubicin cardiotoxicity as demonstrated from normalization of cardiac biochemical and oxidative stress parameters and amelioration of histopathological changes. Glibenclamide, a blocker of the KATP channel, reversed most of the cardiac effects of nicorandil.
White matter differences in euthymic bipolar I disorder: a combined magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging voxel‐based study
Authors: Emsell Louise , Langan Camilla , Van Hecke Wim , Barker Gareth J , Leemans Alexander , Sunaert Stefan , McCarthy Peter , Nolan Rachel , Cannon Dara M , McDonald Colm 
Published: April 2013

ObjectivesA broad range of subtle and markedly heterogenous neuroanatomical abnormalities of grey matter and white matter have been reported in bipolar disorder. Euthymic bipolar disorder patients represent a clinically homogenous group in which to identify trait‐based biomarkers of bipolar disorder. In this study, we sought to clarify the nature and extent of neuroanatomical differences in a large, clinically homogeneous group of euthymic bipolar disorder patients.MethodsStructural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) was obtained for 60 patients with prospectively confirmed euthymic bipolar I disorder and 60 individually age‐ and gender‐matched healthy volunteers. High angular resolution diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) scans were obtained for a subset of this sample comprising 35 patients and 43 controls. Voxel‐based analysis of both sMRI and DTI data sets was performed.ResultsBipolar disorder patients displayed global reductions in white matter volume and fractional anisotropy reductions in the corpus callosum, posterior cingulum, and prefrontal white matter compared with controls. There were corresponding increases in radial diffusivity in the callosal splenium in patients compared with controls. No significant group differences were detected in grey matter. In patients, lithium was associated with a bilateral increase in grey matter volume in the temporal lobes, but not with any DTI parameter.ConclusionsEuthymic bipolar I disorder is characterized by both diffuse global white matter deficits and potential regional disorganization in interhemispheric and longitudinal tracts, while grey matter appears to be preserved.
Incidence of donor‐specific antibodies in kidney transplant patients following conversion to an everolimus‐based calcineurin inhibitor‐free regimen
Authors: Kamar Nassim , Del Bello Arnaud , Congy‐Jolivet Nicolas , Guilbeau‐Frugier Céline , Cardeau‐Desangles Isabelle , Fort Marylise , Esposito Laure , Guitard Joelle , Gamé Xavier , Rostaing Lionel 
Published: April 2013

AbstractScarce data exist regarding the incidence of donor‐specific antibodies (DSAs) in kidney transplant patients receiving everolimus‐based immunosuppression without calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs). The aim of this retrospective case–control study was to compare the incidence of de novo DSAs in patients converted to an everolimus‐based regimen without CNIs with that seen in patients maintained on CNIs. Sixty‐one DSA‐free kidney transplant patients who had been converted to an everolimus‐based regimen (everolimus group) were compared to 61 other patients maintained on CNIs‐based regimen (control group). Patients were matched according to age, gender, induction therapy, date of transplantation, and being DSA‐free at baseline. At last follow‐up, the incidence of DSAs was 9.8% in the everolimus group and 5% in the control group (p = ns). In the everolimus group, the increased incidence of DSAs between baseline and last follow‐up was statistically significant. Antibody‐mediated rejection occurred in 6.5% in the everolimus group and 0% in the CNIs group. The incidence of DSAs is numerically increased in kidney transplant patients treated with an everolimus‐based without CNIs. A study including a larger number of patients is required to determine whether a CNI‐free everolimus‐based immunosuppression significantly increases DSAs formation.
The significance of cytomegalovirus viremia at day 100 or more following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Rowe Julie , Grim Shellee A. , Peace David , Lai Catherine , Sweiss Karen , Layden Jennifer E. , Clark Nina M. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWe conducted a single‐center retrospective review of patients who had received allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) between January 2003 and December 2007, to assess the incidence and risk factors for late CMV infection and evaluate its effects on outcomes. Twenty of 49 HSCT recipients (41%) developed CMV infection at day ≥100 after transplant. Univariable analysis showed that having a matched unrelated donor, having early CMV infection, having a diagnosis of lymphoma, and receipt of antithymocyte globulin were risks for developing late CMV. On multivariable analysis, the occurrence of CMV prior to day 100 and lymphoma conferred a significant risk for late CMV infection. Of the 20 patients with late CMV infection, two patients manifested CMV disease (10%). Despite the relatively low incidence of CMV disease, patients with late CMV infection had a 4.8‐fold increased risk of death compared to patients without late CMV. Identifying patients at increased risk for developing late CMV infection may be important for prompting more intensive monitoring of infection late after HSCT, particularly because this manifestation of CMV is associated with poorer outcomes.
Opportunistic yeast infections: candidiasis, cryptococcosis, trichosporonosis and geotrichosis
Authors: Vázquez‐González Denisse , Perusquía‐Ortiz Ana María , Hundeiker Max , Bonifaz Alexandro 
Published: April 2013

SummaryOpportunistic yeast infections are diseases caused by fungi which normally are saprophytic and do not cause disease in humans or animals. The prevalence of these diseases has been increasing due to immunosuppressive, corticosteroid, and long‐term antibiotic treatment following organ transplantation or after serious metabolic, hematological, or immunological diseases. We review epidemiological, clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspects of the four “big” opportunistic yeast infections: candidiasis, cryptococcosis, trichosporonosis, and geotrichosis.
Analysis of 627 hospitalized maxillofacial–oral injuries in Xi'an, China
Authors: Jin Zuolin , Jiang Xun , Shang Lei 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundMaxillofacial–oral injuries is a serious health problem in China. The main aetiologic factors and types of maxillofacial–oral injuries differ according to different geographical areas and socio‐economic statuses of populations in different countries or within the same country.AimThe aim of this study was to analyze the types and external causes of maxillofacial–oral injuries among hospitalized patients in Xi'an, China, and thereafter to determine the status of maxillofacial–oral injuries in this region and to provide clinical clues for a future prevention of these injuries.Material and MethodsTotally, 627 patients aged 3–64 years with maxillofacial–oral injuries, who were hospitalized in two public stomatological hospitals in Xi'an from 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2008, were included in this study. The types and external causes of injuries were analyzed in terms of age, gender and urban and rural location.ResultsThe results showed that jaw fractures (n = 406, 64.8%) and contusion/laceration injuries (n = 161, 25.7%) were the most frequent injuries. Injuries were 4.6 times more common in males than in females. Most maxillofacial–oral injuries occurred in those aged 18–59 years (71.1%), with a peak incidence in the 15‐ to 39‐year‐old group (31.4%). The proportion of patients from urban areas (45.5%) was lower than that from rural areas (54.4%). Regardless of gender, age and location, vehicle traffic accidents was the most common cause (n = 263, 41.9%), followed by falls (n = 109, 17.2%) and fighting‐induced injuries (n = 87, 13.9%).ConclusionsPreventive strategies for maxillofacial–oral injuries due to traffic accidents should be emphasized and promoted in the first hand, especially for males, rural residents and those aged between 18 and 59 years.
Oviposition dynamics and larval development of Helicoverpa armigera on a highly preferred unsuitable host plant, Solanum viarum
Authors: Srinivasan R. , Su Fu‐cheng , Huang Chun‐chu 
Published: April 2013

AbstractOogenesis and oviposition dynamics of female moths of tomato fruitworm, Helicoverpa armigera Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), were compared in a monoculture of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and in mixtures with a highly preferred but unsuitable host plant, Solanum viarum Dunal. Female H. armigera provided with S. viarum laid many more eggs than those provided with tomato, both in choice and no‐choice experiments. Gravid female moths did not display any preference for oviposition neither between young or old plants of S. viarum or tomato, nor between young and old leaves of S. viarum. Larval mortality and larval developmental period significantly increased, with subsequent reduction in pupal weight, when H. armigera larvae fed on S. viarum leaves compared to a meridic diet. Oviposition of female moths significantly increased in tomato in the presence of S. viarum volatiles. However, in screen cages with an increasing percentage of S. viarum as a trap crop, the number of eggs laid on tomato as the main crop was the same. The results of this study are discussed in light of the possibility of using S. viarum as a ‘dead‐end’ trap crop.
Radiographic configuration and healing of 121 fractures of the proximal phalanx in 120Thoroughbred racehorses (2007–2011)
Authors: Smith M. R. W. , Wright I. M. 
Published: April 2013

SummaryReasons for performing studyAlthough fractures of the proximal phalanx are one of the most common long bone fractures ofThoroughbred horses in training, limited details on variations in morphology and radiological progression have been published.ObjectivesTo describe in detail the configuration of parasagittal fractures of the proximal phalanx in a group ofThoroughbred racehorses, to report fracture distribution within this group of horses and to document radiological progression of fracture healing in cases treated by internal fixation.Study designRestrospective case series.MethodsCase records and radiographs ofThoroughbred racehorses with parasagittal fractures of the proximal phalanx admitted toNewmarketEquineHospital between 2007 and 2011 were analysed.ResultsOne hundred and twenty‐one fractures were identified in 120Thoroughbred racehorses. Fractures were frequently more complex than was appreciated immediately following injury; a feature that has not been reported previously. There was seasonality of fractures in 2‐ and 3‐year‐old horses, but not in older horses.Conclusions and potential relevanceFractures of the proximal phalanx may be more complex than recognised previously, although often their complexity cannot be identified radiographically immediately following injury. The seasonality observed in 2‐ and 3‐year‐old horses is most likely to be a consequence of the timing of the turf‐racing season in theUK.The Summary is available inChinese – see Supporting information.
Bacterial landscape of human skin: seeing the forest for the trees
Authors: Alexeyev Oleg A. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractSkin harbours large communities of colonizing bacteria. The same bacterial species can exist in different physiological states: viable, dormant, non‐viable. Each physiological state can have a different impact on skin health and disease. Various analytical methodologies target different physiological states of bacteria, and this must be borne in mind while interpreting microbiological tests and drawing conclusions about possible cause–effect relationships.
Spanish Teachers' Sense of Humor and Student Performance on the National Spanish Exams
Authors: Swanson Peter B. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractResearch suggests that second/foreign language teachers' sense of humor is directly related to many outcomes for teachers and their students. This research investigates the relationship between the perceived sense of humor of in‐service Spanish teachers' (n = 102) and their students' (n = 5,419) score on the National Spanish Exams using the affective filter hypothesis as a conceptual framework. Statistical analyses indicate that Spanish teacher sense of humor is related to student achievement on the exams. This research has implications for language teachers and teacher educators.
Virus dynamics in a large epishelf lake (Beaver Lake, Antarctica)
Authors: Laybourn‐Parry Johanna , Anesio Alexandre M. , Madan Nanette , Säwström Christin 
Published: April 2013

Summary

Virus concentrations, virus‐to‐bacterium ratios (VBRs) and levels of lysogenic phage were measured throughout the 110‐m water column of epishelf Beaver Lake during the austral summer of 2003/2004. The aim was to determine which factor(s) controlled viral dynamics using detailed concomitant published data on inorganic nutrients, chlorophyll a, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and bacterial production for Beaver Lake (Freshwater Biology, 51, 2006, 1119). Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis of the bacterial community was also undertaken to investigate the potential relationship between bacterial community composition and viral dynamics.

Virus concentration ranged between 1.43 × 104 and 302.4 × 104 viruses mL−1 and showed a clear increase over the summer, while bacterial concentrations exhibited no seasonal pattern (range: 9.6 × 104 to 44.6 × 104 cells mL−1). Consequently, VBR varied with highest values in January (3.32–7.33).

The percentage of lysogenic phage was low, ranging from 0 to 11.69%, suggesting that other life cycles (i.e. lytic or possibly pseudolysogeny) were taking place. Attempts to measure viral production using both the TdR incorporation technique and the dilution technique failed to produce consistent results, in common with other ultra‐oligotrophic Antarctic lakes.

There were significant correlations between viral concentration and each of chlorophyll a, DOC, ammonium and nitrate concentrations and bacterial production, but not between bacterial abundance and either soluble reactive phosphorus or temperature.

Lack of change in the dominant bacterial community composition over summer suggests that changes in viral concentrations were a function of changes in other biological and physicochemical factors, rather than changes in host/phage infection.

The results suggest a significant connection between viruses and bacteria, with the DOC pool acting as a conduit for the movement of carbon between the two components.
Ecological niche modeling of coastal dune plants and future potential distribution in response to climate change and sea level rise
Authors: Mendoza‐González Gabriela , Martínez M. Luisa , Rojas‐Soto Octavio R. , Vázquez Gabriela , Gallego‐Fernández Juan B. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractClimate change (CC) and sea level rise (SLR) are phenomena that could have severe impacts on the distribution of coastal dune vegetation. To explore this we modeled the climatic niches of six coastal dunes plant species that grow along the shoreline of the Gulf of Mexico and the Yucatan Peninsula, and projected climatic niches to future potential distributions based on two CC scenarios and SLR projections. Our analyses suggest that distribution of coastal plants will be severely limited, and more so in the case of local endemics (Chamaecrista chamaecristoides, Palafoxia lindenii, Cakile edentula). The possibilities of inland migration to the potential ‘new shoreline’ will be limited by human infrastructure and ecosystem alteration that will lead to a ‘coastal squeeze’ of the coastal habitats. Finally, we identified areas as future potential refuges for the six species in central Gulf of Mexico, and northern Yucatán Peninsula especially under CC and SLR scenarios.
Chronic ozone exacerbates the reduction in photosynthesis and acceleration of senescence caused by limited N availability in Nicotiana sylvestris
Authors: Yendrek Craig R. , Leisner Courtney P. , Ainsworth Elizabeth A. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBoth elevated ozone (O3) and limiting soil nitrogen (N) availability negatively affect crop performance. However, less is known about how the combination of elevated O3 and limiting N affect crop growth and metabolism. In this study, we grew tobacco (Nicotiana sylvestris) in ambient and elevated O3 at two N levels (limiting and sufficient). Results at the whole plant, leaf, and cellular level showed that primary metabolism was reduced by growth in limiting N, and that reduction was exacerbated by exposure to elevated O3. Limiting N reduced the rates of photosynthetic CO2 uptake by 40.8% in ambient O3‐exposed plants, and by 58.6% in elevated O3‐exposed plants, compared with plants grown with sufficient N. Reductions in photosynthesis compounded to cause large differences in leaf and whole plant parameters including leaf number, leaf area, and leaf and root biomass. These results were consistent with our meta‐analysis of all published studies of plant responses to elevated O3 and N availability. In tobacco, N uptake and allocation was also affected by growth in limiting N and elevated O3, and there was an O3‐induced compensatory response that resulted in increased N recycling from senescing leaves. In addition, transcript‐based markers were used to track the progress through senescence, and indicated that limiting N and elevated O3, separately and in combination, caused an acceleration of senescence. These results suggest that reductions in crop productivity in growing regions with poor soil fertility will be exacerbated by rising background O3.