bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Making a living while starving in the dark: metagenomic insights into the energy dynamics of a carbonate cave
Authors: Ortiz Marianyoly , Legatzki Antje , Neilson Julia W , Fryslie Brandon , Nelson William M , Wing Rod A , Soderlund Carol A , Pryor Barry M , Maier Raina M 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Carbonate caves represent subterranean ecosystems that are largely devoid of phototrophic primary production. In semiarid and arid regions, allochthonous organic carbon inputs entering caves with vadose-zone drip water are minimal, creating highly oligotrophic conditions; however, past research indicates that carbonate speleothem surfaces in these caves support diverse, predominantly heterotrophic prokaryotic communities. The current study applied a metagenomic approach to elucidate the community structure and potential energy dynamics of microbial communities, colonizing speleothem surfaces in Kartchner Caverns, a carbonate cave in semiarid, southeastern Arizona, USA. Manual inspection of a speleothem metagenome revealed a community genetically adapted to low-nutrient conditions with indications that a nitrogen-based primary production strategy is probable, including contributions from both Archaea and Bacteria. Genes for all six known CO2-fixation pathways were detected in the metagenome and RuBisCo genes representative of the Calvin–Benson–Bassham cycle were over-represented in Kartchner speleothem metagenomes relative to bulk soil, rhizosphere soil and deep-ocean communities. Intriguingly, quantitative PCR found Archaea to be significantly more abundant in the cave communities than in soils above the cave. MEtaGenome ANalyzer (MEGAN) analysis of speleothem metagenome sequence reads found Thaumarchaeota to be the third most abundant phylum in the community, and identified taxonomic associations to this phylum for indicator genes representative of multiple CO2-fixation pathways. The results revealed that this oligotrophic subterranean environment supports a unique chemoautotrophic microbial community with potentially novel nutrient cycling strategies. These strategies may provide key insights into other ecosystems dominated by oligotrophy, including aphotic subsurface soils or aquifers and photic systems such as arid deserts.
Happiness and the Patterns of Life: A Study of Geolocated Tweets
Authors: Frank Morgan R. , Mitchell Lewis , Dodds Peter Sheridan , Danforth Christopher M. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe patterns of life exhibited by large populations have been described and modeled both as a basic science exercise and for a range of applied goals such as reducing automotive congestion, improving disaster response and even predicting the location of individuals. However, these studies have had limited access to conversation content, rendering changes in expression as a function of movement invisible. In addition, they typically use the communication between a mobile phone and its nearest antenna tower to infer position, limiting the spatial resolution of the data to the geographical region serviced by each cellphone tower. We use a collection of 37 million geolocated tweets to characterize the movement patterns of 180,000 individuals, taking advantage of several orders of magnitude of increased spatial accuracy relative to previous work. Employing the recently developed sentiment analysis instrument known as the hedonometer, we characterize changes in word usage as a function of movement and find that expressed happiness increases logarithmically with distance from an individual's average location.
Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D predicts the short-term outcomes of Chinese patients with acute ischaemic stroke
Authors: Tu Wen-Jun , Zhao Sheng-Jie , Xu Dong-Jiang , Chen Hui 
Published: September 2013

Low vitamin D levels have been reported to contribute to the risk of cardiovascular events and mortality, especially stroke. In the present study we therefore evaluated the short-term prognostic value of serum 25(OH)D (25-hydroxyvitamin D) in Chinese patients with AIS (acute ischaemic stroke). From February 2010 to September 2012, consecutive stroke patients admitted to the emergency department at two hospitals in Beijing, China were identified. Clinical information was collected, and the serum concentration of 25(OH)D and NIHSS (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale) were measured at the time of admission. Short-term functional outcome was measured using a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 90 days after admission. Multivariate analyses were performed using logistic regression models. During the inclusion period, 231 patients were diagnosed as having AIS, and 220 completed follow-up. The median serum 25(OH)D level was significantly lower in patients with AIS compared with normal controls [14.2 (10.2–18.9) ng/ml compared with 17.9 (12.5–22.9) ng/ml; P&lt;0.001; values are medians (interquartile range)]. 25(OH)D was an independent prognostic marker of short-term functional outcome and death {0.79 (0.73–0.85) and 0.70 (0.50–0.98) respectively [values are odds rations (95% confidence intervals)]; P&lt;0.01 for both, adjusted for NHISS, other predictors and vascular risk factors} in patients with AIS. In ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curve analysis, the prognostic accuracy of 25(OH)D was higher compared with all of the other serum predictors and was in the range of NIHSS score. In conclusion, these findings suggest that 25(OH)D is an independent prognostic marker for death and functional outcome within 90 days in Chinese patients with AIS even after adjusting for possible confounding factors
The state and the development of corporate insolvency law in China and Russia
Authors: Lai Hang Hui Dennis 
Published: September 2013

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to explore the origin of the development of insolvency laws in China and Russia and explores the evolving role of the states in the legislative process.Design/methodology/approach– The study is conducted based on the analysis of historical materials and the relevant secondary sources written in Chinese and Russian.Findings– The paper argues that the development of the insolvency laws in China and Russia underlines the diverging perceptions by the states about the ways to improve economic performance through reforming their respective state enterprise system. On the other hand, the unsatisfactory utilisation of the laws in the these countries revealed the incompleteness of the wider institutional reform that opened up possibilities for predatory exploitations and corruptive practices which in turn upset the market-building in these developing economies.Originality value– This study highlights that by bring back the state into the analysis, the competing ideas, interests and institutions in the development of insolvency laws can be identified.
Value-based perspectives of stakeholders' building requirements in low cost and government subsidised housing projects in South Africa
Authors: Olukemi Windapo Abimbola , Goulding Jack 
Published: September 2013

Purpose
– South Africa still has a considerable housing shortage. Government has tried to overcome this situation by creating programs to provide affordable housing to poor people. However, such housing is either often rejected by the beneficiaries or these express considerable dissatisfaction. This paper thus examines how value is constructed by key role players by looking at the building requirements that they promote, and asks whether there are any significant differences between the perceptions of housing providers and that of end-users, based on building requirements and location indicators. The rationale for the paper stems from the detection that low cost housing projects provided by government housing departments in South Africa (specifically, within the Western Cape Province) are either abandoned or considered non-satisfactory by beneficiaries and, therefore, seemingly not valued by them. This leads to the perception that low cost housing developments are unsustainable.

Design/methodology/approach
– The methodology used in the paper is based on value management, and urban and social studies literature, and on a multi-case study comprising of three low-cost housing developments.

Findings
– Results show that there are significant differences between the perception of key role players regarding what are important building requirements and location indicators and the corresponding end-user preferences based on location of the development.

Research limitations/implications
– Following the qualitative research approach used in the research, the main study limitations encountered include communication, because the low cost housing beneficiaries are predominately non-English speaking and have low level of literacy. This required the use of oral interviews, interpreters and translation of a significant number of the surveys into English. The data collected are therefore limited to the accuracy of the translations made by the translator.

Practical implications
– Results suggest that end-user preferences must be taken into consideration by the government and the design team when planning low-cost housing developments in South Africa, and that this could be achieved by involving the end-users in decision-making during the low-cost housing development process.

Originality/value
– This paper is of value to the national and provincial government in South Africa because it outlines the reasons for the lack of happiness and satisfaction among the poor and disadvantaged members of the community in the low cost government subsidised housing, and it suggests steps that can be taken by government to mitigate the housing problems. The paper is also of value to other key stakeholders such as the design consultants, contractors and government officials involved in the housing delivery process.
Computation of the general carrying capacity of slewing bearings
Authors: Kania Ludwik , Krynke Marek 
Published: September 2013

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to discuss the calculation problem of the real carrying capacity of slewing bearings. The selection of slewing bearing to heavy-duty machine according to catalogue carrying capacity and also according to locally determined real carrying capacity is insufficient and it can be the cause of the damage of machine during exploitation.

Design/methodology/approach
– The concepts of the local, total and general capacities is defined. The general capacity is a logical product of the local capacities. It is particularly useful in an analysis of slewing bearings incorporated into machines with complex structures. The FEM is applied in computations. The formation method of the mathematical model of a bearing is presented.

Findings
– The computations of the local capacities and general capacity of a bearing for the limiting load of the bearing traces and the limiting tension of the bolts fastening the bearing were carried out. Considerations were illustrated by an example of the bearing of a mobile crane.

Practical implications
– The paper presented in the methodology of the calculation of general bearing carrying capacity and the obtained results of calculations can be used already by designers of bearings and machine engines to elimination of the potential damages of machine on the stage of projecting.

Originality/value
– The general capacity of a bearing into machines with complex and irregulars structure is considerably lower than the bearing catalogue capacity and then the local teal capacity. The reasons for the differences between the catalogue capacity and the general capacity of slewing bearings were given.
Numerical simulation of two dimensional quasilinear hyperbolic equations by polynomial differential quadrature method
Authors: Kumar Vikas , Jiwari Ram , Kumar Gupta Rajesh 
Published: September 2013

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to propose a numerical technique based on polynomial differential quadrature method (PDQM) to find the numerical solutions of two-space-dimensional quasilinear hyperbolic partial differential equations subject to appropriate Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions.

Design/methodology/approach
– The PDQM reduced the equations into a system of second order linear differential equation. The obtained system is solved by RK4 method by converting into a system of first ordinary differential equations.

Findings
– The accuracy of the proposed method is demonstrated by several test examples. The numerical results are found to be in good agreement with the exact solutions. The proposed technique can be applied easily for multidimensional problems.

Originality/value
– The main advantage of the present scheme is that the scheme gives very accurate and similar results to the exact solutions by choosing less number of grid points and the problem can be solved up to big time. The good thing of the present technique is that it is easy to apply and gives us better accuracy in less numbers of grid points as comparison to the other numerical techniques.
Modification of iterative methods for solving linear complementarity problems
Authors: Saberi Najafi H. , Edalatpanah S.A. 
Published: September 2013

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to present the efficient iterative methods for solving linear complementarity problems (LCP), using a class of pre-conditioners.

Design/methodology/approach
– By using the concept of solving the fixed-point system of equations associated to the LCP, pre-conditioning techniques and Krylov subspace methods the authors design some projected methods to solve LCP. Furthermore, within the computational framework, some models of pre-conditioners candidates are investigated and evaluated.

Findings
– The proposed algorithms have a simple and graceful structure and can be applied to other complementarity problems. Asymptotic convergence of the sequence generated by the method to the unique solution of LCP is proved, along with a result regarding the convergence rate of the pre-conditioned methods. Finally, a computational comparison of the standard methods against pre-conditioned methods based on Example 1 is presented which illustrate the merits of simplicity, power and effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.

Research limitations/implications
– Comparison between the authors' methods and other similar methods for the studied problem shows a remarkable agreement and reveals that their models are superior in point of view rate of convergence and computing efficiency.

Originality/value
– For solving LCP more attention has recently been paid on a class of iterative methods called the matrix-splitting such as AOR, MAOR, GAOR, SSOR, etc. But up to now, no paper has discussed the effect of pre-conditioning technique for matrix-splitting methods in LCP. So, this paper is planning to fill in this gap and the authors use a class of pre-conditioners with iterative methods and analyze the convergence of these methods for LCP.
Workplace learning as a linchpin of Europe's lifelong learning policy
Authors: Ogunleye James 
Published: September 2013

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine the extent to which workplace learning forms a building block in national lifelong learning policies by obtaining evidence, first-hand, from mental health practitioners about their perceptions of their individual country's national lifelong learning policy and, in particular, its application to adults with long-term mental illness.

Design/methodology/approach
– Text analysis: review of relevant literature and European Union policy documents and survey questionnaire.

Findings
– It is evident that the use of workplace learning as a linchpin in national strategies for lifelong learning in Denmark and France is clear and empirically supported.

Research limitations/implications
– Comparative evidence of evaluations of impact and effectiveness of workplace lifelong learning provision in the two countries examined is patchy at best raising further questions about the “value” of investments in both workplace learning and lifelong learning in these countries.

Practical implications
– There is a risk that by focusing on jobs and workplace learning, the specific needs and desires of people with mental illness who, in the main, might want to engage in lifelong learning for reasons other than jobs and workplace learning, may end up being disadvantaged as their (non-economic) needs go unmet.

Originality/value
– Until now there has been little or no attempt to examine Europe's conception of lifelong learning policy and its application to a multiple disadvantaged group such as mental health service users. This is a major attempt to remedy current dearth of research in the area.
Introducing enterprise – research into the practical aspects of introducing innovative enterprise schemes as extra curricula activities in higher education
Authors: Burrows Karen , Wragg Nick 
Published: September 2013

Purpose
– Enhancing student opportunity and providing an outstanding learning experience within an increasingly competitive market requires a multifaceted approach to learning. This paper aims to show how a social enterprise initiative can help students differentiate their offering to the workplace and in doing so develop skills that promote elegant self-management.

Design/methodology/approach
– The research is a continuous project to gather data to evaluate on the effectiveness of enterprise activities and will incorporate both qualitative and quantitative methodologies, through what is largely an action research study.

Findings
– This paper presents one approach to the challenge of student engagement, by encouraging choice and being proactive in adding value to CV's, through student led practical initiatives. Lecturers assist in managing student expectation and embedding realism; the realism of the need for transferable employability skills, and the challenges and opportunities faced during times of change. By enthusing students (and feedback suggests this is happening in our current project) a virtuous circle is created, manifested in increased graduate student employment and a competitive edge.

Originality/value
– This is an experiential project of creating an enterprise committee which enhances the learning experience, teaches students how to take theory and apply it in real situations, and builds their confidence. By linking vocational and reflective modules’ to entrepreneurial skills, a balance is struck not just between academia and employability but also work and life, addressing the contemporary challenge of not just teaching students business theory or employability skills but of practical self-management.
A “contingent” view of leadership: 360 degree assessments of leadership behaviours in different contexts
Authors: Manning Tony 
Published: September 2013

Purpose
– Much popular thinking on leadership assumes that there is some “essence” of effective leadership, that there are “universal” leadership traits and/or behaviours associated with success in all situations. This article aims to challenge such views, providing evidence showing that 360 degree assessments of different leadership behaviours vary according to the context. This article seeks to present evidence that supports a “contingent” view of leadership.

Design/methodology/approach
– The research described looks at the degree of correlation, and its statistical significance, between self-assessed leadership behaviour and 360 degree assessments of performance. Evidence is presented showing that results vary in different contexts.

Findings
– Statistically significant relationships were found between leadership behaviours and 360 degree outcomes. These relationships varied according to the context, including the individual's seniority, control over resources and line management responsibility, as well as the size of the organisation and rate of organisational change.

Research limitations/implications
– The research uses one outcome measure, is based on managers in the UK public sector and explores a limited number of contextual variables. Further research using other outcome measures, based on other populations and considering other contextual variables would be useful. Some of the sub-samples are also quite small and there is a need for further research in small organisations, organisations undergoing limited change and with individuals line managing large numbers of staff. Research using more objective measures of organisational size would also be useful.

Practical implications
– The research findings highlight the fact that, in order to be effective, leaders need to tailor their behaviour to the specific situation. Inappropriate behaviour reduces personal effectiveness and, in consequence, organisational effectiveness. Providers of leadership training and development need to be more aware of the “contingent” nature of leadership. This means abandoning “universal” leadership models and prescriptions.

Social implications
– This paper has implications for individuals in leadership roles, for individuals providing leadership training and development, and for purchasers of leadership training and development solutions. All need to recognise the “contingent” nature of leadership.

Originality/value
– This paper provides an evidence-based challenge to the widely held view that there is some “essence” of leadership, that there are “universal” leadership traits and/or behaviours. While there are some published examples of such “contingency” research into leadership, they are limited in number, and little known and seldom used in the world of training and development.
Response of managers to the challenges of globalisation
Authors: J. Hurn Brian 
Published: September 2013

Purpose
– This article aims to emphasise the increasing need for managers operating in international business to respond effectively to the challenges of globalisation and to provide suggested responses and training of global international managers.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper summarises the main driving forces behind globalisation and, in particular, the increasing influence of Brazil, Russia, China and India (the BRICs). It analyses the main challenges and associated political and economic factors.

Findings
– Main challenges include strategic, geopolitical issues, working effectively in multinational teams, ethical and environmental considerations, the vulnerability of global supply chains and the ever-present requirement for wider understanding of the cultural background. Training required includes language skills, special competencies and the development of global leadership skills.

Research limitations/implications
– The paper was written against a background of swiftly changing circumstances and inherent problems in interpretation of governments' statistics.

Practical implications
– Practical implications are the difficulty of assessing change in a period of general sluggish growth in a global recession and a basic lack of business confidence.

Social implications
– Social implications include the rise in the potential spending power of developing countries, especially the BRICs, who now have a sizeable affluent middle class. This is against a background of latent social unrest as the gap between the rich and poor is tending to increase.

Originality/value
– This paper is an attempt to summarise the key challenges and the current economic factors which can threaten the successful operation of international management in the globalised economy.