bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The macroecology of phylogenetically structured hummingbird–plant networks
Authors: Martín González Ana M. , Dalsgaard Bo , Nogués‐Bravo David , Graham Catherine H. , Schleuning Matthias , Maruyama Pietro K. , Abrahamczyk Stefan , Alarcón Ruben , Araujo Andréa C. , Araújo Francielle P. , de Azevedo Severino Mendes , Baquero Andrea C. , Cotton Peter A. , Ingversen Tanja Toftemark , Kohler Glauco , Lara Carlos , Las‐Casas Flor Maria Guedes , Machado Adriana O. , Machado Caio Graco , Maglianesi María Alejandra , McGuire Jimmy A. , Moura Alan Cerqueira , Oliveira Genilda M. , Oliveira Paulo E. , Ornelas Juan Francisco , Rodrigues Licléia da Cruz , Rosero‐Lasprilla Liliana , Rui Ana M. , Sazima Marlies , Timmermann Allan , Varassin Isabela Galarda , Vizentin‐Bugoni Jeferson , Wang Zhiheng , Watts Stella , Rahbek Carsten , Martinez Neo D. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAimTo investigate the association between hummingbird–plant network structure and species richness, phylogenetic signal on species' interaction pattern, insularity and historical and current climate.LocationFifty‐four communities along a c. 10,000 km latitudinal gradient across the Americas (39° N–32° S), ranging from sea level to c. 3700 m a.s.l., located on the mainland and on islands and covering a wide range of climate regimes.MethodsWe measured the level of specialization and modularity in mutualistic plant–hummingbird interaction networks. Using an ordinary least squares multimodel approach, we examined the influence of species richness, phylogenetic signal, insularity and current and historical climate conditions on network structure (null‐model‐corrected specialization and modularity).ResultsPhylogenetically related species, especially plants, showed a tendency to interact with a similar array of mutualistic partners. The spatial variation in network structure exhibited a constant association with species phylogeny (R2 = 0.18–0.19); however, network structure showed the strongest association with species richness and environmental factors (R2 = 0.20–0.44 and R2 = 0.32–0.45, respectively). Specifically, higher levels of specialization and modularity were associated with species‐rich communities and communities in which closely related hummingbirds visited distinct sets of flowering species. On the mainland, specialization was also associated with warmer temperatures and greater historical temperature stability.Main conclusionsOur results confirm the results of previous macroecological studies of interaction networks which have highlighted the importance of species richness and the environment in determining network structure. Additionally, for the first time, we report an association between network structure and species phylogenetic signal at a macroecological scale, indicating that high specialization and modularity are associated with high interspecific competition among closely related hummingbirds, subdividing the floral niche. This suggests a tighter co‐evolutionary association between hummingbirds and their plants than in previously studied plant–bird mutualistic systems.
Carnosic acid protects normal mouse hepatocytes against H2O2‐induced cytotoxicity via sirtuin 1‐mediated signaling
Authors: Wang Ting , Takikawa Yasuhiro 
Published: July 2015

AimCarnosic acid (CA) is well known for its antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of CA on cytotoxicity under oxidative stress.MethodsPrimary hepatocytes and AML12 cells were treated with: (i) 0.1 μM, 1 μM and 10 μM CA; (ii) 3 mM H2O2 with or without 1 μM CA; or (iii) 3 mM H2O2 with 1 μM CA and 0.04 μM sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) inhibitor EX527 or 10 μM mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor U0126. Cell viability, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage were determined. In addition, total protein levels of cleaved caspase 3, SIRT1, phosphorylated Nrf2, 5′‐adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) and MAPKs were evaluated by western blot analysis and suspension array system.ResultsFirst, although 10 μM CA produced cytotoxicity, CA at concentrations at or below 1 μM did not inhibit cell viability. Second, H2O2 increased total cellular ROS and LDH leakage and decreased cell viability, whereas co‐treatment with H2O2 and 1 μM CA significantly inhibited these effects of H2O2. Third, CA at 1 μM increased protein levels of SIRT1. Pretreatment with EX527 or transfection of siRNA‐targeting SIRT1 weakened the protective effects of CA against H2O2‐induced cell death. Fourth, H2O2 induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) in primary hepatocytes. U0126 inhibited oxidative damage induced by H2O2. Co‐treatment with CA inhibited ERK1/2 activation induced by H2O2.ConclusionOur data indicate that CA protects against oxidative stress‐induced cytotoxicity via SIRT1 by regulating subsequent downstream factors such as ERK1/2.
An unknown mass: the differential diagnosis of digit tumors
Authors: Longhurst William D. , Khachemoune Amor 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThere is little discussion of tumors arising in the digits in the dermatology literature. The patient with an undifferentiated mass of the finger is frequently encountered in the clinic, and variances in presentation of common and uncommon entities pose a challenge that may prompt further investigation for proper diagnosis and treatment. In this review, the authors illustrate the approach and work‐up of an unknown digit mass of a 45‐year‐old female patient. They go on to discuss the presentation and treatment of common tumor lesions of the finger likely to be encountered in the dermatologist's clinic including: ganglion cyst/mucous cyst, giant‐cell tumor, verruca vulgaris, epidermal inclusion cyst, poroma, porocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, melanoma, infantile digital fibromatosis, acquired digital fibrokeratoma, Koenen's tumor, schwannoma, cutaneous neurofibroma, pyogenic granuloma, hemangioma, glomus tumor, epithelioid sarcoma, and metastatic disease.
Changing maternal perceptions of healthy feeding: a novel intervention
Authors: Meers M. R. , Domoff S. E. , LeRoy M. , Holt S. , Musher‐Eizenman D. R. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryObjectiveThis study sought to better understand factors influencing mothers' perceptions about healthy feeding. Additionally, a social consensus intervention was used to try to change mothers' likelihood to serve healthy foods.MethodsMothers saw photographs of healthy and unhealthy snacks and meals and rated them on several factors that were hypothesized to predict the likelihood of serving the foods. Then, mothers were randomly assigned to the experimental or control condition. Those in the experimental condition received social consensus information about these foods, whereas the control condition did not. The change in perceptions in the control and experimental conditions was examined.ResultsMothers rated healthy meals and snacks less favourably than unhealthy meals and snacks on factors including cost, preparation time and difficulty, and child preference. Furthermore, mothers' perceptions of foods as liked by their child, easy to prepare and ‘kid‐friendly’ predicted higher likelihood to serve those foods. Finally, mothers were more likely to describe the healthy snack as kid‐friendly and indicated being more likely to serve it after receiving favourable social norm information about the food.ConclusionsThe use of social consensus interventions to change parents' perceptions of healthy snacks may be one means of increasing the quality of children's diets.
Changes in the Relationship Between Temperature During the Seed‐Filling Period and Soya Bean Seed Isoflavones Under Water‐Deficit Conditions
Authors: Carrera C. S. , Dardanelli J. L. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIsoflavones have been shown to have health‐promoting activities in humans and are particularly abundant in soya bean. This study was conducted to determine how water deficit during seed fill affects the already known relationship between temperature and, alternately, solar radiation with soya bean seed isoflavone content. Isoflavone profile was analysed from seed samples of commercial cultivars grown in 76 environments in Argentina (29–38°S). Significant explanatory multiple linear regressions were detected for total isoflavones (TI), aglycones (AGL), glucosides (GLC), malonyl glucosides (MAL) and acetyl glucosides (ACE) regarding the following: temperature during seed fill (TmR5R7) and precipitation minus potential evapotranspiration during the reproductive period (pp‐PETR1R7), as well as for the combinations of these climatic variables. Cumulative solar radiation predicted isoflavone content but was less robust than TmR5R7 and pp‐PETR1R7. To our knowledge, this is the first report of changes in the relationship between TI, as well as AGL, GLC, MAL, and ACE and TmR5R7 as a function of drought in the field. When pp‐PETR1R7 was below 70 mm (indicating drought), TI, as well as AGL, GLC, MAL, and ACE decreased linearly with rising temperatures and with increasing water deficit (decreasing values of pp‐PETR1R7), with both climatic variables exhibiting additive effects on isoflavones. Our results also suggest that water deficit (estimated by pp‐PETR1R7) would be important for modelling the relationship between temperature and soya bean seed isoflavones in rainfed crops.
Long‐Term Effects of Low‐Dose Spironolactone on Chronic Dialysis Patients: A Randomized Placebo‐Controlled Study
Authors: Lin ChongTing , Zhang Qing , Zhang HuiFang , Lin AiXia 
Published: July 2015

The purpose of this 2‐year multicentric, randomized, placebo‐controlled study was to evaluate the long‐term effects and adverse effects of spironolactone on chronic dialysis patients. A total of 253 non–heart failure dialysis patients with end‐stage renal disease were randomly assigned to 2‐year treatment with spironolactone (25 mg once daily, n=125) or a matching placebo (n=128) as add‐on therapy. The primary outcome was a composite of death from cardiocerebrovascular (CCV) events, aborted cardiac arrest, and sudden cardiac death, and the secondary outcome was death from all causes. Other CCV‐related indexes such as left ventricular mass index, left ventricular ejection fraction, heart rate variability, vascular endothelial function, and blood pressure–lowering effect were analyzed for patients who completed the whole 2‐year follow‐up study. Sociodemographic, clinical, and relevant laboratory data were also collected. During the 2‐year follow‐up, the primary outcome occurred less frequently in the spironolactone group vs the control group (7.2% vs 18.0%; adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.42; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.26–0.78). Death from CCV events occurred in 4.0% of patients in the spironolactone group and in 11.7% of patients in the control group. Neither aborted cardiac arrest nor sudden cardiac death was significantly reduced by spironolactone treatment. The secondary outcome occurred less frequently in the spironolactone group vs the control group (9.6% vs 19.5%; adjusted HR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.29–0.94). Other CCV‐related indexes except for heart rate variability were significantly improved. This study demonstrates that use of low‐dose spironolactone in non–heart failure dialysis patients can effectively reduce the risks of both CCV morbidity and mortality with few side effects. Moreover, the beneficial effect was mediated through improving the endothelial function or reducing left ventricular size independent of blood pressure changes, rather than mediation through changes in salt or potassium handling in the kidney.
Combining Multiregional Input‐Output Analysis with a World Trade Model for Evaluating Scenarios for Sustainable Use of Global Resources, Part II: Implementation
Authors: Duchin Faye , Levine Stephen H. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryThe standard multiregional input‐output (MRIO) framework can be combined with the outcomes of analysis using a model of the world economy to calculate footprints and other path‐based results for scenarios about the future. A companion article, entitled “Combining multiregional input‐output analysis with a world trade model for evaluating scenarios for sustainable use of global resources, part I: Conceptual framework,” describes our approach for extending the reach of MRIO techniques from descriptions of the past to prospects for the future. Here, we demonstrate the mathematics for converting scenario outcomes obtained using an input‐output (I‐O) model of the world economy to MRIO flow tables and then applying MRIO footprinting techniques to the resulting MRIO database. A numerical example comparing water footprints under alternative scenarios demonstrates that the world model outcomes are a sounder basis for the analysis of scenarios than the standard MRIO approach and identifies the reason why this is so. The approach described in this article integrates two previously distinct lines of research in I‐O analysis, enlarging opportunities for collaboration on both the formulation and analysis of scenarios that can provide concrete guidance for longer‐term strategies.
A novel approach to fireball modeling: The observable and the calculated
Authors: Sansom Eleanor Kate , Bland Philip , Paxman Jonathan , Towner Martin 
Published: July 2015

AbstractEstimating the mass of a meteoroid passing through the Earth's atmosphere is essential to determining potential meteorite fall positions. High‐resolution fireball images from dedicated camera networks provide the position and timing for fireball bright flight trajectories. There are two established mass determination methods: the photometric and the dynamic. A new approach is proposed, based on the dynamic method. A dynamic optimization initially constrains unknown meteoroid characteristics which are then used in a parametric model for an extended Kalman filter. The extended Kalman filter estimates the position, velocity, and mass of the meteoroid body throughout its flight, and quantitatively models uncertainties. Uncertainties have not previously been modeled so explicitly and are essential for determining fall distributions for potential meteorites. This two‐step method aims to automate the process of mass determination for application to any trajectory data set and has been applied to observations of the Bunburra Rockhole fireball. The new method naturally handles noisy raw data. Initial and terminal bright flight mass results are consistent with other works based on the established photometric method and cosmic ray analysis. A full analysis of fragmentation and the variability in the heat‐transfer coefficient will be explored in future versions of the model.
Impact of Screening for Hepatic Hemangiomas in Patients with Multiple Cutaneous Infantile Hemangiomas
Authors: Rialon Kristy L. , Murillo Rudy , Fevurly Rebecca D. , Kulungowski Ann M. , Zurakowski David , Liang Marilyn , Kozakewich Harry P. W. , Alomari Ahmad I. , Fishman Steven J. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractObjectivesHepatic hemangiomas are often found in association with multiple cutaneous infantile hemangiomas. Screening abdominal ultrasonography has been recommended for patients with five or more cutaneous lesions. We sought to determine whether hemangiomas found through screening had improved clinical outcomes.MethodsPatients entered into our hepatic hemangioma registry between 1995 and 2012 were reviewed.ResultsSeventy‐two patients with multiple cutaneous and hepatic hemangiomas were identified; 43 (60%) were detected through screening. The median age at diagnosis was 41 days for screened patients and 53 days for those not screened. Screening detected 40 (93%) multifocal and 3 (7%) diffuse hemangiomas, compared to 18 (62%) and 11 (38%), respectively, in the nonscreened group. Patients identified by screening had lower incidences of congestive heart failure and hypothyroidism and were less likely to receive treatment for their hemangiomas. The mortality rate in the children not screened was 28% (n = 8). None of the patients found by screening died (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis of treated patients demonstrated that screening was a significant predictor of reduced mortality (p = 0.04).ConclusionHepatic hemangiomas found through screening ultrasonography are less likely to develop serious clinical sequelae. Although the reasons for this may include detection of hemangiomas that are less likely to progress to symptomatic disease, it appears that it also allows for earlier intervention for more concerning (e.g. diffuse) subtypes. Screening may allow for closer surveillance and earlier treatment before life‐threatening progression in a subset of infants with liver hemangiomas, preventing complications and reducing mortality.
Parental Body Mass Index, Gestational Weight Gain, and Risk of Macrosomia: a Population‐Based Case–Control Study in China
Authors: Yang Shaoping , Zhou Aifen , Xiong Chao , Yang Rong , Bassig Bryan A. , Hu Ronghua , Zhang Yiming , Yao Cong , Zhang Yaqi , Qiu Lin , Qian Zhengmin , Trevathan Edwin , Flick Louise , Xu Shunqing , Wang Youjie , Xia Wei , Zheng Tongzhang , Zhang Bin 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of macrosomia has risen markedly worldwide, including in China, during the past two decades. Few epidemiological studies, however, have investigated the risk factors for macrosomia in China. This study was designed to investigate the associations between parental anthropometric characteristics, gestational weight gain (GWG), and risk of macrosomia in China.MethodsThis population‐based, case–control study in Wuhan, China, included a total of 6341 subjects (870 cases and 5471 controls). Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsMothers or fathers who were overweight or obese before pregnancy had an elevated risk of giving birth to a macrosomic infant compared with their normal weight counterparts. Women with GWG above the Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommendation had an adjusted OR of 6.09 [95% CI 5.04, 7.35] for delivering a macrosomic infant compared with women who had GWG within the IOM recommendation. When stratified by maternal pre‐pregnancy body mass index (BMI), women who were underweight or normal weight before pregnancy were observed to have a higher risk of macrosomia birth associated with greater GWG.ConclusionsParental pre‐pregnancy overweight/obesity and excessive GWG during pregnancy were highly associated with macrosomia. The association with GWG was most pronounced in mothers who had a normal or underweight pre‐pregnancy BMI. Weight control efforts before pregnancy for mothers and fathers as well as control of maternal gain during pregnancy may reduce the risk of macrosomia.
Displacement Discontinuity or Complex Shape of Sample: Assessment of Accuracy and Adaptation of Local DIC Approach
Authors: Dupré J. C. , Doumalin P. , Husseini H. A. , Germaneau A. , Brémand F. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn this paper, we study the impact of a complex shape of sample and the appearance of a displacement discontinuity on performances of measurement by local Digital Image Correlation (DIC). Both cases are modelled from synthetic images into two parts: one with a speckle field and another part without speckle or two parts with similar speckle fields but with different kinematics. The accuracy of displacement measurements assessed for DIC subsets crossing the boundary between the two parts is lower than the one obtained without discontinuity and justifies adapting DIC method. A new local DIC process is presented in detail. It is an alternative way able to take into account any shape of sample and several curved lines of discontinuity in the same subset. Two experimental examples are presented: displacement and strain fields obtained by DIC and adapted DIC are compared. We can conclude that it is possible to lead a mechanical analysis until the limits of the sample and even during the appearance and the propagation of a crack.
Association between DEFB103 gene copy number variation and ankylosing spondylitis: a case–control study
Authors: Cai G. , Xia Q. , Fan D. , Li X. , Ding N. , Hu Y. , Yang X. , Liu L. , Xin L. , Wang L. , Xu S. , Xu J. , Zou Y. , Ding C. , Pan F. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn this brief communication, we investigate the role of DEFB103 gene copy number variation (CNV) in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) susceptibility. A total of 807 Chinese individuals including 406 AS patients and 401 controls were enrolled. The DEFB103 copy number was measured by two sets of probes to obtain a stable result in a custom‐by‐design Multiplex AccuCopy™ kit (Genesky Biotechnologies Inc., Shanghai, China) based on a multiplex fluorescence competitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) principle. The copy number of DEFB103 ranged from 2 to 6 in both AS patients and controls. Mann–Whitney U test and chi‐squared test were performed to analyze the difference of DEFB103 copy number between AS patients and controls while no statistical difference has been found. We considered the copy number of DEFB103 gene may not associate with susceptibility to AS.
The extracellular matrix molecule brevican is an integral component of the machinery mediating fast synaptic transmission at the calyx of Held
Authors: Blosa Maren , Sonntag Mandy , Jäger Carsten , Weigel Solveig , Seeger Johannes , Frischknecht Renato , Seidenbecher Constanze I. , Matthews Russell T. , Arendt Thomas , Rübsamen Rudolf , Morawski Markus 
Published: July 2015

Key points
The proteoglycan brevican is a major component of the extracellular matrix of perineuronal nets and is highly enriched in the perisynaptic space suggesting a role for synaptic transmission.
We have introduced the calyx of Held in the auditory brainstem as a model system to study the impact of brevican on dynamics and reliability of synaptic transmission.
In vivo extracellular single‐unit recordings at the calyx of Held in brevican‐deficient mice yielded a significant increase in the action potential (AP) transmission delay and a prolongation of pre‐ and postsynaptic APs.
The changes in dynamics of signal transmission were accompanied by the reduction of presynaptic vGlut1 and ultrastructural changes in the perisynaptic space.
These data show that brevican is an important mediator of fast synaptic transmission at the calyx of Held.
AbstractThe extracellular matrix is an integral part of the neural tissue. Its most conspicuous manifestation in the brain are the perineuronal nets (PNs) which surround somata and proximal dendrites of distinct neuron types. The chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan brevican is a major component of PNs. In contrast to other PN‐comprising proteoglycans (e.g. aggrecan and neurocan), brevican is mainly expressed in the perisynaptic space closely associated with both the pre‐ and postsynaptic membrane. This specific localization prompted the hypothesis that brevican might play a role in synaptic transmission. In the present study we specifically investigated the role of brevican in synaptic transmission at a central synapse, the calyx of Held in the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body, by the use of in vivo electrophysiology, immunohistochemistry, biochemistry and electron microscopy. In vivo extracellular single‐unit recordings were acquired in brevican‐deficient mice and the dynamics and reliability of synaptic transmission were compared to wild‐type littermates. In knockout mice, the speed of pre‐to‐postsynaptic action potential (AP) transmission was reduced and the duration of the respective pre‐ and postsynaptic APs increased. The reliability of signal transmission, however, was not affected by the lack of brevican. The changes in dynamics of signal transmission were accompanied by the reduction of (i) presynaptic vGlut1 and (ii) the size of subsynaptic cavities. The present results suggest an essential role of brevican for the functionality of high‐speed synaptic transmission at the calyx of Held.