bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bias‐eliminating least‐squares identification of errors‐in‐variables models with mutually correlated noises
Authors: Diversi Roberto 
Published: November 2012

SUMMARYThis paper proposes a bias‐eliminating least‐squares (BELS) approach for identifying linear dynamic errors‐in‐variables (EIV) models whose input and output are corrupted by additive white noise. The method is based on an iterative procedure involving, at each step, the estimation of both the system parameters and the noise variances. The proposed identification algorithm differs from previous BELS algorithms in two aspects. First, the input and output noises are allowed to be mutually correlated, and second, the estimation of the noise covariances is obtained by exploiting the statistical properties of the equation error of the EIV model. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of Line Defects on the Electrical Properties of Single Crystal TiO2
Authors: Adepalli Kiran Kumar , Kelsch Marion , Merkle Rotraut , Maier Joachim 
Published: November 2012

AbstractOne‐dimensional defects are created in [001] and [110] oriented TiO2 single crystals by uniaxial pressure. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) characterization shows them to preferably lie on {110} planes. Electrical properties studied as a function of oxygen partial pressure reveal their influence on ionic and electronic charge carriers. At high oxygen partial pressures (1 bar–10−5 bar) the conductivity due to positive charge carriers is strongly enhanced, e.g., the ionic conductivity is increased by more than two orders of magnitude, when the electrical measurement axis lies on the slip plane. In contrary, no changes are observed when the measurement axis does not lie on the slip planes. At low oxygen partial pressures (<10−15 bar), irrespective of orientation and presence of dislocation, there is no change in the n‐type conductivity. The observed phenomena can be well explained within the space charge model, assuming the dislocation cores to exhibit an excess negative charge (increased titanium vacancy concentration). The present study gives a clear correlation between line defects and point defect concentrations in such an oxide for the first time.
Hyaluronic Acid Catechol: A Biopolymer Exhibiting a pH‐Dependent Adhesive or Cohesive Property for Human Neural Stem Cell Engineering
Authors: Hong Seonki , Yang Kisuk , Kang Bobae , Lee Changhyun , Song In Taek , Byun Eunkyoung , Park Kook In , Cho Seung‐Woo , Lee Haeshin 
Published: November 2012

AbstractNature has developed materials that are integrated and effective at controlling their properties of adhesiveness and cohesiveness; the chemistry of these materials has been optimized during evolution. For example, a catechol moiety found in the adhesive proteins of marine mussels regulates its properties between adhesion and cohesion, rapidly adapting to environmental conditions. However, in synthetic materials chemistry, introduced chemical moieties are usually monofunctional, either being adhesive or cohesive; typically, this is not effective compared to natural materials. Herein, it is demonstrated that hyaluronic acid‐catechol (HA‐catechol) conjugates can exhibit either adhesiveness, functionalizing the surface of materials, or cohesiveness, building 3D hydrogels. Up to now, catechol‐conjugated polymers have shown to be useful in one of these two functions. The usefulness of the polymer in stem cell engineering is demonstrated. A platform for neural stem cell culture may be prepared, utilizing the adhesive property of HA‐catechol, and hydrogels are fabricated to encapsulate the neural stem cells, utilizing the cohesive property of the HA conjugate. Moreover, the HA‐catechol hydrogels are highly neural stem cell compatible, showing better viability compared to existing methods based on HA hydrogels.
High‐Speed, Low‐Voltage, and Environmentally Stable Operation of Electrochemically Gated Zinc Oxide Nanowire Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Nasr Babak , Wang Di , Kruk Robert , Rösner Harald , Hahn Horst , Dasgupta Subho 
Published: November 2012

AbstractSingle‐crystal, 1D nanostructures are well known for their high mobility electronic transport properties. Oxide‐nanowire field‐effect transistors (FETs) offer both high optical transparency and large mechanical conformability which are essential for flexible and transparent display applications. Whereas the “on‐currents” achieved with nanowire channel transistors are already sufficient to drive active matrix organic light emitting diode (AMOLED) displays; it is shown here that incorporation of electrochemical‐gating (EG) to nanowire electronics reduces the operation voltage to ≤2 V. This opens up new possibilities of realizing flexible, portable, transparent displays that are powered by thin film batteries. A composite solid polymer electrolyte (CSPE) is used to obtain all‐solid‐state FETs with outstanding performance; the field‐effect mobility, on/off current ratio, transconductance, and subthreshold slope of a typical ZnO single‐nanowire transistor are 62 cm2/Vs, 107, 155 μS/μm and 115 mV/dec, respectively. Practical use of such electrochemically‐gated field‐effect transistor (EG FET) devices is supported by their long‐term stability in air. Moreover, due to the good conductivity (≈10−2 S/cm) of the CSPE, sufficiently high switching speed of such EG FETs is attainable; a cut‐off frequency in excess of 100 kHz is measured for in‐plane FETs with large gate‐channel distance of >10 μm. Consequently, operation speeds above MHz can be envisaged for top‐gate transistor geometries with insulator thicknesses of a few hundreds of nanometers. The solid polymer electrolyte developed in this study has great potential in future device fabrication using all‐solution processed and high throughput techniques.
Child patterns of growth delay and cognitive development in a bolivian mining city
Authors: Ruiz‐Castell María , Carsin Anne‐Elie , Barbieri Flavia‐Laura , Paco Pamela , Gardon Jacques , Sunyer Jordi 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjectives:This study aims to (1) follow up and characterize infant growth patterns during the first year of life in Bolivia, and (2) determine whether there exists an association between weight gain and cognitive development in children living near contaminated mining industries.Methods:Data on 175 children participating to the ToxBol (Toxicity in Bolivia) birth cohort were analyzed. Rapid‐growth during the first 6 months was defined as a change in weight z‐score > 0.67 while slow‐growth was defined as a weight z‐score change of < −0.67. Neurodevelopment was evaluated using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development at 10.5–12.5 months of age. Mixed models were used to examine the association between cognitive development and weight gain.Results:Rapid growers weighed less at birth (P < 0.01). However, they revealed a higher body mass index at 12 months of age (0.70 ± 0.73, P < 0.01). After adjustment for confounding, rapid growth was not associated with cognitive development (coef = 0.49, 95% confidence interval = −4.10, 5.08).Conclusions:In this Bolivian cohort, children born smaller were more likely to grow/develop faster and attain greater weight and length. Their cognitive development was not affected by their growth patterns. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Towards Reaction Control: cis‐Diastereoselective Reductive Dehydroxylation of 5‐Alkyl‐4‐Benzyloxy‐5‐Hydroxy‐2‐Pyrrolidinones
Authors: Wang Yu‐Huang , Ou Wei , Xie Linfeng , Ye Jian‐Liang , Huang Pei‐Qiang 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA chemo‐, regio‐, and stereoselectively controlled reaction is highly desirable, yet challenging in organic synthesis. Diversely substituted cis and trans isomers of 2‐alkyl‐3‐pyrrolidinols, 5‐alkyl‐4‐hydroxy‐2‐pyrrolidinones, β‐hydroxy‐γ‐amino acids, and their higher homologues are key structural units found in numerous drugs, drug candidates, and bioactive natural products. Previously, we established a flexible approach to trans‐5‐alkyl‐4‐benzyloxy‐2‐pyrrolidinones 14 and trans‐6‐alkyl‐5‐benzyloxy‐2‐piperidinones 15. Herein, we report a direct, flexible, moisture insensitive, and highly diastereoselective approach to the corresponding cis diastereomers 16. This stereocontrolled method is based on the MsOH‐mediated (Ms=methane sulfonyl) reductive dehydroxylation of hemiaminal 12 with NaBH(OAc)3. cis‐5‐Alkyl‐4‐benzyloxy‐2‐pyrrolidinones 16 are useful building blocks for the syntheses of natural products such as (+)‐preussin (4) and streptopyrrolidine (5) as well as (3S,4S)‐γ‐alkyl‐β‐hydroxy‐γ‐amino acids (6).
Detecting local immunoglobulin E from mucosal brush biopsy of the inferior turbinates using microarray analysis
Authors: Reisacher William R. 
Published: November 2012

BackgroundIt has been previously demonstrated that local, antigen‐specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) can be detected using a standard in vitro assay of lysed epithelial cells in saline, harvested via nasal mucosal brush biopsy (MBB). However, compared to surgical biopsy or serum, smaller amounts of IgE are harvested using MBB, making detection much more difficult. Microarray analysis (MA) requires less IgE for detection, making this an attractive option for MBB. The goals of this study were to compare MA to a standard IgE assay for detecting antigen‐specific IgE from MBB and to test the association between the presence of multiple positive components on MA with specific IgE on standard assay and skin‐prick testing (SPT) grade.MethodsMBB samples from 18 allergic rhinitis patients, which were previously tested for antigen‐specific IgE to common airborne allergens using a standard IgE assay, underwent MA for antigen‐specific IgE to multiple components of airborne and food allergens. Fisher's exact probability testing was used to measure the strength of association between the 2 testing modalities for Timothy grass, ragweed, cat, Alternaria, and D. farinae.ResultsMA correlated very highly with standard assay (p < 0.0001) and 50% of positive antigens on MA detected multiple components to that antigen. The presence of multiple components was not associated with specific IgE levels on standard assay or SPT grade.ConclusionThis is the first demonstration that antigen‐specific IgE in saline samples can be measured using MA. The ability of MA to measure smaller amounts of IgE, with similar accuracy, may give it a potential advantage for MBB analysis in the future.
Gene expression differences in nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species regulation point to an altered innate immune response in chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Jardeleza Camille , Jones Damien , Baker Leonie , Miljkovic Dijana , Boase Samuel , Tan Neil Cheng‐Wen , Vreugde Sarah , Tan Lor Wai , Wormald Peter‐John 
Published: November 2012

BackgroundThe complex interplay between host, environment, and microbe in the etiopathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) remains unclear. This study focuses on the host‐microbe interaction, specifically the regulation of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) against the pathogenic organism Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). NO and ROS play crucial roles in innate immunity and in the first‐line defense against microbial invasion.MethodsSinonasal tissue samples were harvested from CRS and control patients during surgery. CRS patients were classified S. aureus biofilm‐positive (B+) or biofilm‐negative (B−) using fluorescence in situ hybridization and clinically as polyp‐positive (P+) or polyp‐negative (P−). Samples were assessed using an NO polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array containing 84 genes involved in NO and ROS regulation, and gene expression of all subgroups were compared to each other.ResultsTwenty‐three samples were analyzed with 31 genes significantly changed, the greatest seen in the B+P+ CRS patients. Four genes consistently displayed differential expression between the groups including the cytoprotective oxidation resistance 1 (OXR1) and peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6), neutrophil cytosolic factor 2 (NCF2), and the prion protein (PRNP) genes.ConclusionAlteration in gene expression points to impaired innate immune responses differing among CRS subgroups based on S. aureus biofilm and polyp status. The consistent alteration of 4 genes among distinct groups demonstrates that S. aureus biofilms and polyps are associated with specific changes in gene expression. Further studies are required to validate these findings in a wider cohort of patients and correlate this to protein expression and disease manifestation.
Vitamin D, race, and experimental pain sensitivity in older adults with knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Glover T. L. , Goodin B. R. , Horgas A. L. , Kindler L. L. , King C. D. , Sibille K. T. , Peloquin C. A. , Riley J. L. , Staud R. , Bradley L. A. , Fillingim R. B. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjectiveLow circulating serum levels of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (referred to hereafter as vitamin D) have been correlated with many health conditions, including chronic pain. Recent clinical practice guidelines define vitamin D levels <20 ng/ml as deficient and levels of 21–29 ng/ml as insufficient. Vitamin D insufficiency, including the most severe levels of deficiency, is more prevalent in black Americans. Ethnic and race group differences have been reported in both clinical and experimental pain, with black Americans reporting increased pain. The purpose of this study was to examine whether variations in vitamin D levels contribute to race differences in knee osteoarthritis pain.MethodsThe sample consisted of 94 participants (74% women), including 45 blacks and 49 whites with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis. Their average age was 55.8 years (range 45–71 years). Participants completed a questionnaire on knee osteoarthritis symptoms and underwent quantitative sensory testing, including measures of sensitivity to heat‐induced and mechanically induced pain.ResultsBlacks had significantly lower levels of vitamin D compared to whites, demonstrated greater clinical pain, and showed greater sensitivity to heat‐induced and mechanically induced pain. Low levels of vitamin D predicted increased experimental pain sensitivity, but did not predict self‐reported clinical pain. Group differences in vitamin D levels significantly predicted group differences in heat pain and pressure pain thresholds at the index knee and ipsilateral forearm.ConclusionThese data demonstrate that race differences in experimental pain are mediated by differences in the vitamin D level. Vitamin D deficiency may be a risk factor for increased knee osteoarthritis pain in black Americans.
Escherichia coli K‐12 (pEGFPluxABCDEamp): a tool for analysis of bacterial killing by antibacterial agents and human complement activities on a real‐time basis
Authors: Atosuo Janne , Lehtinen Janne , Vojtek Libor , Lilius Esa‐Matti 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTPhotorhabdus luminescens luxCDABE genes were integrated into E. coli K‐12 using a high copy number plasmid containing modified luxABCDE genes under the control of the powerful Lac promoter. This strain emitted 10 times higher bioluminescence (BL) than P. luminescens. BL production under different growth conditions was studied. In both bacterial strains, the increase in BL signal correlated with the increase in optical density (OD) in a rich growth medium. However, at the logarithmic growth phase, the BL signal was roughly constant. By contrast, in minimal growth media, there was no substantial growth and the BL/cell was approximately five times higher than in the rich medium. The dynamic measurement range of BL was 102–107 colony‐forming units (CFU) in E. coli and 103–107 CFU in P. luminescens. Because the decrease in the BL signal correlated with the decrease in CFU and OD, i.e. the number of bacterial cells killed, it proved to be very suitable for assessing the antibacterial effects of different antimicrobial agents. Unlike with plate counting, the kinetics of killing can be monitored on a real‐time basis using BL measurements. Complement activities in different samples can be estimated using only one serum dilution. The transformed E. coli strain appeared to be superior to P. luminescens in these applications because E. coli was complement sensitive, the detection limit of E. coli was one order lower and the BL‐producing system of P. luminescens appeared to be quite unstable. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Treatment of recurrent intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Sulpice L , Rayar M , Boucher E , Pracht M , Meunier B , Boudjema K 
Published: November 2012

Abstract

Background
The aims of this study were to evaluate risk factors for recurrence following hepatectomy with curative intent for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), and predictors of survival after intrahepatic recurrence.

Methods
All patients with ICC who underwent liver resection between January 1997 and August 2011 in a single centre were analysed retrospectively. Clinicopathological factors likely to influence recurrence and postrecurrence survival were assessed by univariable and multivariable analysis.

Results
A total of 87 patients were analysed. R0 resection was achieved in 65 patients (75 per cent). Eighty-three patients survived more than 1 month after resection. Median survival was 33 months, with 1-, 3- and 5-year actuarial survival rates of 79, 47 and 31 per cent respectively. Recurrence occurred in 45 (54 per cent) of the 83 patients, most frequently in the liver (25 patients). Satellite nodules (odds ratio (OR) 8·17, 95 per cent confidence interval 1·38 to 48·53; P = 0·021), hilar lymph node metastases (OR 5·24, 1·07 to 25·75; P = 0·041) and perineural invasion (OR 9·68, 1·07 to 87·54; P = 0·043) were identified as independent risk factors for recurrence. Repeat hepatectomy (P = 0·003) and intra-arterial yttrium-90 radiotherapy (P = 0·048) were associated with longer survival after intrahepatic recurrence.

Conclusion
Satellite nodules, hilar lymph node metastases and perineural invasion are risk factors for recurrence following resection with curative intent for ICC. Repeat hepatectomy and labelled yttrium-90 radiotherapy may improve survival after intrahepatic recurrence.
Synthesis of Glycopolymers by Controlled Radical Polymerization Techniques and Their Applications
Authors: Vázquez‐Dorbatt Vimary , Lee Juneyoung , Lin En‐Wei , Maynard Heather D. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractNatural saccharides are involved in numerous biological processes. It has been shown that these carbohydrates play a role in cell adhesion and proliferation, as well as protein stabilization, organization, and recognition. Certain carbohydrates also serve as receptors for viruses and bacteria. They are over expressed in diseases such as cancer. Hence, a lot of effort has been focused on mimicking these sugars. Polymers with pendent saccharide groups, also known as glycopolymers, are studied as oligo‐ and polysaccharide mimics. Controlled radical polymerization (CRP) techniques such as atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization, and nitroxide‐mediated polymerization (NMP), as well as cyanoxyl‐mediated free radical polymerization have allowed chemists to synthesize well‐defined glycopolymers that, in some cases, have particular end‐group functionalities. This review focuses on the synthesis of glycopolymers by these methods and the applications of glycopolymers as natural saccharide mimics.
Mesoporous Borated Zirconia: A Solid Acid–Base Bifunctional Catalyst
Authors: Sinhamahapatra Apurba , Pal Provas , Tarafdar Abhijit , Bajaj Hari C. , Panda Asit Baran 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe development and use of reusable solid catalysts for the selective organic transformation in solvent‐free or environmentally benign solvent media is the key interest of modern frontier science. Herein a facile low temperature aqueous solution based chemical route for the synthesis of mesoporous borated zirconia, an acid–base bifunctional solid catalyst, using aqueous zirconium ammonium carbonate complex and borax in presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide is presented. The material has a very high surface area and acidity with weak basicity. The catalytic activity of the material was investigated for the solvent‐free Knoevenagel condensation reaction of benzaldehyde/substituted benzaldehyde and malononitrile/cyano ethylacetate to confirm the acid–base bifunctionality. High yield (>90 %) of the corresponding benzylidene was obtained within 15–30 min at room temperature. The evidence that the high catalytic activity is a result of acid–base bifunctionality of the synthesized borated zirconia material was further supported by performing Claisen–Schmidt condensation of benzaldehyde and acetophenone. The methodology was also extended for targeted synthesis of cinnamyl ethyl ester and coumarin or coumarin ester; and resulted in a good yield.
Hydrothermal Synthesis of Copper Hydroxyphosphate Hierarchical Architectures
Authors: Xu J. , Zhang J. , Liu X. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractCopper hydroxyphosphate, Cu2(OH)PO4, with six hierarchical architectures was successfully synthesized through a hydrothermal route. The resulting hierarchical superstructures were characterized using powder X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. In this hydrothermal process, the morphology of copper hydroxyphosphate changed drastically with the addition of different amounts of alcohol (ethanol, n‐propanol, or ethylene glycol) as solvent. A possible mechanism for the formation of these copper hydroxyphosphate hierarchical superstructures is proposed. This approach provides a facile strategy to synthesize copper hydroxyphosphate crystals with unique morphologies and complex architectures. This binary reaction medium (alcohol and water) could provide an alternative and versatile strategy for controlling inorganic microcrystals by manipulating the supersaturation of the growing solution.
Rational Design of a Nonbasic Molecular Receptor for Selective NH4+/K+ Complexation in the Gas Phase
Authors: Rueda‐Zubiaurre Ainoa , Herrero‐García Noelia , del Rosario Torres María , Fernández Israel , Osío Barcina José 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA new molecular receptor (1) for ammonium recognition has been designed and constructed by using only carbon atoms. This molecular receptor can co‐exist in two different isoenergetic conformations but, upon complexation, the conformers are no longer isoenergetic, and a basket‐shaped conformation becomes clearly more stable. The pre‐organised tetrahedral structure of this basket‐shaped molecule favours the complexation of ammonium ions by NH⋅⋅⋅π interactions with the four phenyl groups of the host. A similar behaviour is not observed in a similar, but less pre‐organised, reference molecule. ESI‐MS competition experiments show that 1 is able to bind NH4+ over K+ selectively. This is the first example of a neutral molecular receptor that shows a remarkable NH4+/K+ selectivity. DFT‐calculations provide insight into the nature of host–guest interactions of both 1⋅NH4+ and 1⋅K+ complexes as well as in the mechanism involved in multiple cation–π interactions and the influence of these interactions on the conformational stability and the selective binding of the host.