bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isotopic composition and speciation of sedimentary nitrogen and carbon in the Okinawa Trough over the past 30 ka
Authors: Zheng Li‐Wei , Hsiao Silver Sung‐Yun , Ding Xiao‐Dong , Li Dawei , Chang Yuan‐Pin , Kao Shuh‐Ji 
Published: September 2015

AbstractTotal organic carbon to total nitrogen ratios (C/N) and their isotopic compositions (δ13CTOC and δ15NTN) are oft‐applied proxies to discern terrigenous from marine‐sourced organics and to unravel ancient environmental information. In high depositional Asian marginal seas, the inclusion of N‐bearing minerals in the bulk sediment dilutes or masks signals sought after in δ15N and δ13C analyses, thus leading to incorrect and even contradictory interpretations. We used KOH‐KOBr to separate operationally defined total organic matter into oxidizable (labile) and residual fractions for content and isotope measurements. In a sediment core in the Okinawa Trough, significant amounts of carbon and nitrogen existed in the residual phase, in which the C/N ratio was ~9, resembling most documented sedimentary bulk C/N ratios in the China marginal seas. The residual carbon, which was included in operationally defined total organic carbon (TOC), displayed a δ13C range (−22.7 to −18.9‰, mean −20.7‰) similar to the oft‐used marine end‐member. After removing the interference from the residual fraction, we found that the temporal pattern of δ13CLOC (LOC denotes labile organic carbon) was more variable. The residual nitrogen content was associated with illite, suggesting a terrestrial origin. Additionally, δ15N in the residual fraction likely reflected the climatic controls (e.g., precipitation) on lithogenic source materials. Further studies are required to explore the controlling factors for carbon and nitrogen isotopic speciation and to retrieve the information locked in the residual fraction.
Smoking is an independent association of squamous metaplasia in Chinese nasal polyps
Authors: Gao Tian , Ng Chew Lip , Li Chunwei , Li Ying Ying , Duan Chen , Shen Liang , Jiao Yu Fei , Liu Ming , Wang De Yun 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundNasal polyposis demonstrates histological features of epithelial remodeling and variable inflammatory cellular infiltration. We studied a large series of Chinese nasal polyp (NP) samples to characterize these histological features and their associations with clinical characteristics.MethodsA detailed histological study of nasal polyposis was performed employing various histopathological techniques. A total of 153 intraoperative NP biopsies were analyzed histologically. Sections were examined under microscopy to determine the percentages of different types of inflammatory cells, and types of epithelial remodeling. Two systems of subtyping NPs based on inflammatory cell infiltration were assessed. These were correlated with patient characteristics.ResultsEpithelial remodeling patterns include epithelial hyperplasia (87.8% of specimens), goblet cell hyperplasia (53.2%), and squamous metaplasia (44.6%). Smoking was a strong independent association of squamous metaplasia (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 9.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.2 to 22.9; p < 0.01). The most common inflammatory cells were neutrophils (median of 12.8%) and CD8+ T cells (12.8%), followed by macrophages (11.0%), CD4+ T cells (9.7%), eosinophils (8.6%), and mast cells (7.6%). We defined 2 systems to classify NPs based on proportions of eosinophils and neutrophils. The majority of NP samples were neutrophilic. The first classification system has greater histological correlation. Based on the first classification, eosinophilic nasal polyposis was associated with epithelial hyperplasia (OR 3.7, p = 0.019) and goblet cell hyperplasia (OR 3.4, p < 0.001).ConclusionThe majority of Chinese NPs are neutrophilic and epithelial hyperplasia is the most common pattern of epithelial remodeling. We show for the first time that smoking has a strong association with squamous metaplasia in nasal polyposis.
Hyperdense findings in sinus computed tomography of chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Ng Teik‐Ying , Wang Jong‐Yi , Tsai Ming‐Hsui , Lin Chao‐Chun , Tai Chih‐Jaan , Ng Yon‐Keat 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundOur study investigated the diagnostic value of the mineralization findings and high‐density secretion features of sinus computed tomography (CT) images in cases of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) compared to histopathology and operative findings.MethodsThis was a prospective cohort study of 193 patients consecutively enrolled for endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). Group 1 had mineralization in the sinus; group 2 had high‐density secretions in the sinus but no mineralization; group 3 lacked both high‐density secretions and evidence of mineralization. Intergroup comparisons were performed for histopathology (especially presence of fungus ball), CT scores, and gross operative appearance.ResultsHistopathologic evidence of fungus ball (FB) compared to presence of CT findings was significantly different between the groups, with the following percentages of patients demonstrating FB presence: 33% of group 1 (CT mineralization) (n = 48); 4% of group 2 (CT hyperdensity) patients (n = 25); and 2% of group 3 (no mineralization, no hyperdensity) patients (n = 120) (p < 0.05). Operative findings did not necessarily correlate with CT findings and all groups demonstrated varying amounts of dry cheesy (DCM) or wet clay‐like (WCLM) material, though this was slightly higher in groups 1 and 2.ConclusionA preoperative survey of sinus mineralization and high‐density secretion features observed with CT was predictive of operative findings and histopathological results indicating a sinus FB.
Eine Hot‐Spot‐Segmentstrategie zum Entwurf von Mimetika der Kreuzamyloid‐Interaktionsflächen als Amyloidinhibitoren
Authors: Andreetto Erika , Malideli Eleni , Yan Li‐Mei , Kracklauer Michael , Farbiarz Karine , Tatarek‐Nossol Marianna , Rammes Gerhard , Prade Elke , Neumüller Tatjana , Caporale Andrea , Spanopoulou Anna , Bakou Maria , Reif Bernd , Kapurniotu Aphrodite 
Published: September 2015

AbstractDer Entwurf von Inhibitoren von Protein‐Protein‐Wechselwirkungen, die die amyloidogene Selbstassemblierung herbeiführen, ist ein sehr anspruchsvolles Vorhaben. Dies liegt an der dynamischen Natur der beteiligten Strukturen und Proteinflächen. Die Wechselwirkungen von amyloidogenen Polypeptiden mit anderen Proteinen sind wichtige Modulatoren ihrer Selbstassoziation. Hier stellen wir eine Hot‐Spot‐Segmentverknüpfungsstrategie zum Entwurf einer Serie von Mimetika der IAPP‐Kreuzinteraktionsfläche mit Aβ (ISMs) als nanomolare Inhibitoren der Amyloidogenese und Zelltoxizität von Aβ, IAPP oder beiden Polypeptiden vor. Dabei bestimmt die Natur des Verknüpfungselements die Struktur der ISMs und ihre inhibitorische Funktion, im Bezug auf sowohl Inhibitorpotenz als auch Zielmolekül‐Selektivität. Die ISMs sind außerdem in der Lage, zusätzlich zur Selbst‐ auch die kreuznukleierte IAPP‐Selbstassoziation effektiv zu unterdrücken. Unsere Ergebnisse bieten eine neuartige Klasse von hochpotenten Peptidleitstrukturen, die auf die Hemmung der Proteinaggregation in der Alzheimer‐Krankheit, dem Typ‐2‐Diabetes oder beiden Krankheiten abzielt, sowie eine chemische Strategie zur Inhibition der amyloiden Selbstassoziation und der pathogenenen Wechselwirkungen auch anderer Proteine.
Scalable Synthesis of Piperazines Enabled by Visible‐Light Irradiation and Aluminum Organometallics
Authors: Suárez‐Pantiga Samuel , Colas Kilian , Johansson Magnus J. , Mendoza Abraham 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe development of more active CH oxidation catalysts has inspired a rapid, scalable, and stereoselective assembly of multifunctional piperazines through a [3+3] coupling of azomethine ylides. A combination of visible‐light irradiation and aluminum organometallics is essential to promote this transformation, which introduces visible‐light photochemistry of main‐group organometallics and sets the basis for new and promising catalysts.
Isolierung und Charakterisierung Lewis‐Base‐stabilisierter monomerer Stammverbindungen der Stibanylborane
Authors: Marquardt Christian , Hegen Oliver , Hautmann Matthias , Balázs Gábor , Bodensteiner Michael , Virovets Alexander V. , Timoshkin Alexey Y. , Scheer Manfred 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWir berichten über die Synthese der Lewis‐Base‐stabilisierten monomeren Stammverbindung des Stibanylborans, “H2Sb‐BH2”. Über eine Salzmetathese wurden die silylsubstituierten Verbindungen (Me3Si)2Sb‐BH2⋅LB (LB=NMe3, NHCMe) synthetisiert, die Derivate mit einer Sb‐B‐σ‐Bindung repräsentieren. Unter sehr milden Bedingungen konnten sie in die Zielverbindungen Me3N⋅H2B‐HSb‐BH2⋅NMe3 bzw. H2Sb‐BH2⋅NHCMe überführt werden. Die Produkte wurden durch Röntgenstrukturanalyse, NMR‐Spektroskopie, IR‐Spektroskopie und Massenspektrometrie charakterisiert. Dichtefunktionalrechnungen geben weitere Einblicke in die Stabilität und die Bindungsverhältnisse dieser einzigartigen Verbindungen.
Label‐Free Imaging of Dynamic and Transient Calcium Signaling in Single Cells
Authors: Lu Jin , Li Jinghong 
Published: September 2015

AbstractCell signaling consists of diverse events that occur at various temporal and spatial scales, ranging from milliseconds to hours and from single biomolecules to cell populations. The pathway complexities require the development of new techniques that detect the overall signaling activities and are not limited to quantifying a single event. A plasmonic‐based electrochemical impedance microscope (P‐EIM) that can provide such data with excellent temporal and spatial resolution and does not require the addition of any labels for detection has now been developed. The highly dynamic and transient calcium signaling activities at the early stage of G‐protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR) stimulation were thus studied. It could be shown that a subpopulation of cells is more responsive towards agonist stimulation, and the heterogeneity of the local distributions and the transient activities of the ion channels during agonist‐activated calcium flux in single HeLa cells were investigated.
A Hot‐Segment‐Based Approach for the Design of Cross‐Amyloid Interaction Surface Mimics as Inhibitors of Amyloid Self‐Assembly
Authors: Andreetto Erika , Malideli Eleni , Yan Li‐Mei , Kracklauer Michael , Farbiarz Karine , Tatarek‐Nossol Marianna , Rammes Gerhard , Prade Elke , Neumüller Tatjana , Caporale Andrea , Spanopoulou Anna , Bakou Maria , Reif Bernd , Kapurniotu Aphrodite 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe design of inhibitors of protein–protein interactions mediating amyloid self‐assembly is a major challenge mainly due to the dynamic nature of the involved structures and interfaces. Interactions of amyloidogenic polypeptides with other proteins are important modulators of self‐assembly. Here we present a hot‐segment‐linking approach to design a series of mimics of the IAPP cross‐amyloid interaction surface with Aβ (ISMs) as nanomolar inhibitors of amyloidogenesis and cytotoxicity of Aβ, IAPP, or both polypeptides. The nature of the linker determines ISM structure and inhibitory function including both potency and target selectivity. Importantly, ISMs effectively suppress both self‐ and cross‐seeded IAPP self‐assembly. Our results provide a novel class of highly potent peptide leads for targeting protein aggregation in Alzheimer’s disease, type 2 diabetes, or both diseases and a chemical approach to inhibit amyloid self‐assembly and pathogenic interactions of other proteins as well.
Isolation and Characterization of Lewis Base Stabilized Monomeric Parent Stibanylboranes
Authors: Marquardt Christian , Hegen Oliver , Hautmann Matthias , Balázs Gábor , Bodensteiner Michael , Virovets Alexander V. , Timoshkin Alexey Y. , Scheer Manfred 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe synthesis of the Lewis base stabilized monomeric parent compound of stibanylboranes, “H2SbBH2”, is reported. Through a salt metathesis route, the silyl‐substituted compounds (Me3Si)2SbBH2⋅LB (LB=NMe3, NHCMe) were synthesized as representatives of derivatives with a SbB σ bond. Under very mild conditions, they could be transformed into the target compounds Me3N⋅H2BHSbBH2⋅NMe3 and H2SbBH2⋅NHCMe, respectively. The products were characterized by X‐ray structure analysis, NMR spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. DFT calculations give further insight into the stability and bonding of these unique compounds.
Easy and General Synthesis of Large‐Sized Mesoporous Rare‐Earth Oxide Thin Films by ′Micelle Assembly′
Authors: Li Yunqi , Bastakoti Bishnu Prasad , Imura Masataka , Dai Pengcheng , Yamauchi Yusuke 
Published: September 2015

AbstractLarge‐sized (ca. 40 nm) mesoporous Er2O3 thin films are synthesized by using a triblock copolymer poly(styrene‐b‐2‐vinyl pyridine‐b‐ethylene oxide) (PS‐b‐P2VP‐b‐PEO) as a pore directing agent. Each block makes different contributions and the molar ratio of PVP/Er3+ is crucial to guide the resultant mesoporous structure. An easy and general method is proposed and used to prepare a series of mesoporous rare‐earth oxide (Sm2O3, Dy2O3, Tb2O3, Ho2O3, Yb2O3, and Lu2O3) thin films with potential uses in electronics and optical devices.
Flow “Fine” Synthesis: High Yielding and Selective Organic Synthesis by Flow Methods
Authors: Kobayashi Shū 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe concept of flow “fine” synthesis, that is, high yielding and selective organic synthesis by flow methods, is described. Some examples of flow “fine” synthesis of natural products and APIs are discussed. Flow methods have several advantages over batch methods in terms of environmental compatibility, efficiency, and safety. However, synthesis by flow methods is more difficult than synthesis by batch methods. Indeed, it has been considered that synthesis by flow methods can be applicable for the production of simple gasses but that it is difficult to apply to the synthesis of complex molecules such as natural products and APIs. Therefore, organic synthesis of such complex molecules has been conducted by batch methods. On the other hand, syntheses and reactions that attain high yields and high selectivities by flow methods are increasingly reported. Flow methods are leading candidates for the next generation of manufacturing methods that can mitigate environmental concerns toward sustainable society.
Welfare maximization for bus transit systems with timed transfers and financial constraints
Authors: Chen Linxi , Schonfeld Paul , Miller‐Hooks Elise 
Published: September 2015

SummaryConventional and flexible bus services may be combined to better serve regions with a wide range of characteristics. If demand densities and resulting service frequencies are low, the coordination of bus arrivals at transfer stations may significantly reduce passenger transfer times. A method is proposed for integrating, coordinating, and optimizing bus services while considering many‐to‐many travel patterns, demand elasticity, financial constraints, and appropriate service type for various regions. The objective is to maximize welfare, that is, the sum of producer and consumer surplus. The problem is solved with a hybrid optimization method, in which a genetic algorithm with bounded integer variables is selected for solving one of the subproblems. The service types, fares, headways, and service zone sizes are jointly optimized. Sensitivity analyses explore how the choice among conventional and flexible busses depends on the demand, subsidy, and demand elasticity parameters. The results also show that welfare can increase due to coordination, and these increases are found to be higher in cases with high demand or low subsidy. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of surfactant on fermentation of kitasamycin in Streptomyces kitasatoensis
Authors: Zheng Qianli , Gao Shuhong 
Published: September 2015

AbstractSoybean oil is an important carbon source in kitasamycin fermentation by Streptomyces kitasatoensis. In this study, three different surfactants, Tween 80, Tween 85, and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), were added in the fermentation medium to improve soybean oil utilization. Results indicated that all of these surfactants promote kitasamycin biosynthesis. When 0.5 g/L SDS was added at the beginning of fermentation, kitasamycin production increased by 55% and A5 content improved by 12%, compared with the control treatment (i.e., no surfactant added). Oil consumption rate and lipase activity were also improved in the presence of SDS, producing more organic acids benefiting kitasamycin biosynthesis. High butyric acid concentration in the fermentation medium containing SDS repressed C‐3 acetylation and promoted A5 component accumulation. Additionally, utilization of oil components by S. kitasatoensis was altered. Specifically, linoleic acid was primarily used in the fermentation process with SDS, whereas oleic acid was primarily used in the fermentation process where no surfactant had been added.
Common variants in the ARC gene are not associated with cognitive abilities
Authors: Myrum Craig , Giddaluru Sudheer , Jacobsen Kaya , Espeseth Thomas , Nyberg Lars , Lundervold Astri J. , Haavik Jan , Nilsson Lars‐Göran , Reinvang Ivar , Steen Vidar M. , Johansson Stefan , Wibrand Karin , Le Hellard Stephanie , Bramham Clive R. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIntroductionThe Activity‐Regulated Cytoskeleton‐associated (ARC) gene encodes a protein that is critical for the consolidation of synaptic plasticity and long‐term memory formation. Given ARC's key role in synaptic plasticity, we hypothesized that genetic variations in ARC may contribute to interindividual variability in human cognitive abilities or to attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) susceptibility, where cognitive impairment often accompanies the disorder.MethodsWe tested whether ARC variants are associated with six measures of cognitive functioning in 670 healthy subjects in the Norwegian Cognitive NeuroGenetics (NCNG) by extracting data from its Genome‐Wide Association Study (GWAS). In addition, the Swedish Betula sample of 1800 healthy subjects who underwent similar cognitive testing was also tested for association with 19 tag SNPs.ResultsNo ARC variants show association at the study‐wide level, but several markers show a trend toward association with human cognitive functions. We also tested for association between ARC SNPs and ADHD in a Norwegian sample of cases and controls, but found no significant associations.ConclusionThis study suggests that common genetic variants located in ARC do not account for variance in human cognitive abilities, though small effects cannot be ruled out.
IRE1α and TRB3 do not contribute to the disruption of proximal insulin signaling caused by palmitate in C2C12 myotubes
Authors: Pierre Nicolas , Fernández‐Verdejo Rodrigo , Regnier Pauline , Vanmechelen Simon , Demeulder Bénédicte , Francaux Marc 
Published: September 2015

AbstractEndoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a central actor in the physiopathology of insulin resistance (IR) in various tissues. The subsequent unfolded protein response (UPR) interacts with insulin signaling through inositol‐requiring 1α (IRE1α) activation and tribbles homolog 3 (TRB3) expressions. IRE1α impairs insulin actions through the activation of c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK), and TRB3 is a pseudokinase inhibiting Akt. In muscle cells, the link between ER stress and IR has only been demonstrated by using chemical ER stress inducers or overexpression techniques. However, the involvement of ER stress in lipid‐induced muscle IR remains controversial. The aim of the study is to test whether palmitate‐induced IRE1α signaling and TRB3 expression disturb insulin signaling in myogenic cells. C2C12 myotubes were exposed to palmitate and then stimulated with insulin. siRNA transfection was used to downregulate TRB3 and IRE1α. Palmitate increased TRB3 expression, activated IRE1α signaling, and reduced the insulin‐dependent Akt phosphorylation. Knocking down TRB3 or IRE1α did not prevent the inhibitory effect of palmitate on Akt phosphorylation. Our results support the idea that ER stress is not responsible for lipid‐induced IR in C2C12 myotubes.
Combination of Glycosyltransferases and a Glycosynthase in Sequential and One‐Pot Reactions for the Synthesis of Type 1 and Type 2 N‐Acetyllactosamine Oligomers
Authors: Henze Manja , Schmidtke Simon , Hoffmann Natalie , Steffens Hanna , Pietruszka Jörg , Elling Lothar 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe disaccharide units of N‐acetyllactosamine (LacNAc) types 1 and 2 and poly‐LacNAc are involved in many biological recognition events. We report the modular design of type 1 (3Galβ1‐3GlcNAcβ1‐; Gal=d‐galactose, GlcNAc=N‐acetyl d‐glucosamine) and type 2 (3Galβ1‐4GlcNAcβ1‐) LacNAc oligomers by combination of two recombinant glycosyltransferases, β1,3‐N‐acetylglucosaminyltransferase from Helicobacter pylori and human β1,4‐galactosyltransferase‐1, with galactosynthase His6BgaC/Glu233Gly from Bacillus circulans. Combination of His6BgaC/Glu233Gly and β1,3‐N‐acetylglucosaminyltransferase in sequential or one‐pot mode results in LacNAc type 1 oligomers with up to four LacNAc units. Moreover, sequential use of all three enzymes gives access to a variety of neo‐LacNAc oligomers. We present oligomers composed of alternating type 1 and 2 units and type 1‐terminated LacNAc type 2 oligomers. These glycan structures are valuable compounds for testing carbohydrate–protein interactions.
A Series of Aluminoborates Templated or Supported by Zinc–Amine Complexes
Authors: Liu Yuan , Pan Rui , Cheng Jian‐Wen , He Huan , Yang Bai‐Feng , Zhang Qiang , Yang Guo‐Yu 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA series of open‐framework aluminoborates (ABOs), namely, [Zn2(en)5][Al2B10O20] (1), [Zn(en)(dien)][AlB5O10] (2), [Zn(en)3][AlB7O12 (OH)2] (3), [Zn(en)2][AlB5O10] (4), K7{AlO0.5[BO2(OH)]Zn@[B12O21(OH)3]}⋅H2O (5) (en=ethylenediamine, dien=diethylenetriamine) have been made under mild solvothermal conditions and characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, powder X‐ray diffraction, elemental analysis, IR and UV/Vis spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and nonlinear optical determination. They were classified as two types: Compounds 1–4 contain intersecting channels and exhibit various 4‐connected nets built by AlO4 tetrahedra and oxo boron clusters, zinc–amine complexes act as the templates (1–3) or directly bond to the walls of the ABO (4); compound 5 exhibits a double‐layer structure made by nanosized [BO2(OH)]Zn@[B12O21(OH)3] ({BZn@B12}) clusters with Al2O7 dimers, the channels are within the layer. The second harmonic generation (SHG) measurement shows that the SHG responses of 1–3 are about 2.5, 1.6, and 0.5 times that of KH2PO4. Compounds 1–2 are type I phase‐matchable materials. UV/Vis spectroscopy indicates that compounds 1–5 are wide‐band‐gap semiconductors.
Isoenergetic Polymorphism: The Puzzle of Tolazamide as a Case Study
Authors: Boldyreva Elena V. , Arkhipov Sergey G. , Drebushchak Tatiana N. , Drebushchak Valeri A. , Losev Evgeniy A. , Matvienko Alexander A. , Minkov Vasily S. , Rychkov Denis A. , Seryotkin Yurii V. , Stare Jernej , Zakharov Boris A. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn the present case study of tolazamide we illustrate how many seemingly contradictory results that have been obtained from experimental observations and theoretical calculations can finally start forming a consistent picture: a “puzzle put together”. For many years, tolazamide was considered to have no polymorphs. This made this drug substance unique among the large family of sulfonylureas, which was known to be significantly more prone to polymorphism than many other organic compounds. The present work employs a broad and in‐depth analysis that includes the use of optical microscopy, single‐crystal and powder X‐ray diffraction, IR and Raman spectroscopies, DSC, semiempirical PIXEL calculations and DFT of three polymorphs of tolazamide. This case study shows how the polymorphs of a molecular crystal can be overlooked even if discovered serendipitously on one of numerous crystallizations, and how very different molecular packings can be practically isoenergetic but still crystallize quite selectively and transform one into another irreversibly upon heating.