bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Components of different signalling pathways regulated by a new orthologue of AtPROPEP1 in tomato following infection by pathogens
Authors: Trivilin A. P. , Hartke S. , Moraes M. G. 
Published: January 2014

Plants express different defence mechanisms in response to pathogens. Understanding the recognition of pathogen‐associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by specific receptors, and the role of endogenous signals such as AtPep1 that regulate expression of genes in Arabidopsis thaliana, has aided the understanding of the defence mechanisms in different species. The aim of this study was to identify possible orthologous sequences of AtPROPEPs in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and characterize its role in resistance to necrotrophic pathogens. The presence of an orthologue of the A. thaliana AtPROPEP1 gene in S. lycopersicum, SlPROPEP, by in silico analysis, is reported here. This has 96% identity with the C‐terminal region of a previously described potato peptide, another possible orthologue of AtPep1. A virus‐induced gene silencing (VIGS) system was employed to investigate the role of the SlPROPEP. Silencing of SlPROPEP in tomato made plants more susceptible to Pythium dissotocum; approximately 30% of SlPROPEP‐silenced plants showed stem constriction compared with 4% in control plants. Furthermore, quantification of P. dissotocum by qPCR revealed that the increase in symptom severity in SlPROPEP‐silenced plants was associated with a 15 times increase in growth of the pathogen compared to control plants. Silencing of SlPROPEP also resulted in decreased expression of genes involved in plant defence against pathogens, such as PR‐1, PR‐5, ERF1, LOX‐D and DEF2. These results suggest that SlPROPEP is involved in tomato resistance to P. dissotocum and probably acts as a pathogen‐associated molecular pattern through signalling pathways mediated by jasmonic acid/ethylene (JA/ET).
Overlay removable denture for treatment of worn teeth
Authors: Beyth Nurit , Tamari Israel , Buller Sharon Anat 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTRehabilitation of partially edentulous patients with excessively worn dentitions can be challenging. Factors including medical history as well as the cost of the treatment and patient wishes for simpler approaches must be considered. This manuscript describes the use of an overlay partial denture to treat patients with excessive wear of the maxillary teeth. We describe a technique to restore severely worn teeth using heat‐cured acrylic as part of a partial or full denture. Minimal preparations of the teeth are required, and the restoration provides protection from further wear, and stabilizes the occlusion. This solution was functionally and esthetically suitable to the patients. The technique can be used in medically complex patients where extractions are contraindicated, such as post radiation therapy or bisphosphonate treatment.
Facies architecture of asymmetrical branching distributary channels: Cretaceous Ferron Sandstone, Utah, USA
Authors: Li Yangyang , Bhattacharya Janok 
Published: January 2014

AbstractDistributary channel systems are an important component of deltaic systems, but details of their branching pattern, stream‐order, internal variability and relation with adjacent levée, bay and bayhead delta are rather poorly documented in ancient examples. Photomosaic and measured sections collected along a gooseneck‐shaped canyon in southern Utah allow direct mapping of the branching pattern of an ancient distributary system. The main channel belt is ca 250 m wide and narrows to ca 200 m downstream of the branching point. A subordinate channel belt, ca 80 m wide, branches off of the main channel, forming a distinctly asymmetrical branching pattern. Water discharge in the main channel is estimated to be 85 to 170 m3 sec−1. Comparison with palaeodischarge estimates of trunk rivers mapped in previous studies suggests that the branching documented in this study probably is a fourth‐order split. The distributary channels are characterized by a U‐shaped geometry filled with medium‐grained, cross‐bedded sandstone, and are dominated by lateral accretion, suggesting limited lateral migration and moderate sinuosity. Tidally influenced facies and limited trace fossils indicate direct marine influence. The distributary channels erode into adjacent levée and underlying heterolithic bay‐fill deposits, and the marine influence suggests that they were deposited on a lower delta plain, rather than on a non‐marine floodplain. The subordinate channel fed a bayhead delta, suggesting that it was formed by a partial avulsion, rather than bifurcation around a mouth bar, as is more characteristic of terminal distributary channels. Channel‐floor drapes, bar‐accretion drapes and abandoned channel fills within the sandstone channel belts represent the most important heterogeneity from the perspective of reservoir characterization.
Phylogenetics and evolutionary morphology of the Neotropical true bug genus Epipolops (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Geocoridae)
Authors: RENGIFO‐CORREA LAURA , BRAILOVSKY HARRY , HENRY THOMAS J. , MORRONE JUAN J. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractSpecies of Epipolops Herrich‐Schaeffer (Hemiptera: Geocoridae), comprising the largest genus of Pamphantinae, are among the most bizarre true bugs because of their striking morphology. To elucidate evolutionary morphology in Epipolops, a phylogenetic analysis was performed using 17 species and 36 adult morphological characters. Two cladograms were obtained under equal and implied weight analyses, showing slight differences between them. Two new species, E. stridulatus sp.n. and E. univallensis sp.n., are described, and E. meridionalis Pirán is resurrected from synonymy with E. frondosus Herrich‐Schaeffer. A key to the known species of Epipolops is provided. The systematic relevance of the unique characters of the genus is discussed and the sequence of character state transformations for both the anterior and posterior lateral processes of the pronotum are optimized on the cladogram obtained under implied weights. Species of Epipolops are found in the Neotropical region and the Mexican Transition Zone, with some clades and species restricted to certain South American subregions.This published work has been registered in ZooBank, http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:CB72D5DA‐D86B‐4B91‐93A2‐88894F7120C9.
A novel KIR3DL1*0070104 allele found in individuals from Asia
Authors: Yindom L.‐M. , Wang L. , Dong T. , Rowland‐Jones S.L. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractKIR3DL1*0070104 differs from KIR3DL1*0070101 at position 13889 (T > G) in the 3′UTR region of KIR3DL1/S1 locus.
Tim‐3 expression on peripheral monocytes and CD3+CD16/CD56+natural killer‐like T cells in patients with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Rong Y.‐H. , Wan Z.‐H. , Song H. , Li Y.‐L. , Zhu B. , Zang H. , Zhao Y. , Liu H.‐L. , Zhang A.‐M. , Xiao L. , Xin S.‐J. , You S.‐L. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractHepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the major causes of chronic liver inflammation. Tim‐3 acts as a negative regulatory molecule and plays a critical role in immune tolerance. In the current study, we investigated Tim‐3 expression on peripheral monocytes and CD3+CD16/CD56+ natural killer like T (NKT‐like) cells in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from 52 CHB patients and 60 healthy controls. Tim‐3+CD14+ cells and Tim‐3+CD3+CD16/CD56+ cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. Results showed that expression of Tim‐3 was significantly increased on both the monocytes and NKT‐like cells in CHB patients than in controls (P = 0.002 and P < 0.001, respectively). Tim‐3 levels on monocytes and NKT‐like cells were further upregulated in patients with acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF). In addition, we assessed the correlation of Tim‐3 expression with levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α). Data revealed that Tim‐3 expression on both monocytes and NKT‐like cells was positively correlated with level of ALT (r = 0.59, P < 0.001, and r = 0.60, P < 0.001, respectively), whereas Tim‐3 expression on NKT‐like cells was negatively correlated with serum level of TNF‐α (r = −0.54, P < 0.001) in CHB patients. Our results suggest that Tim‐3 may play important roles in the pathogenesis of CHB.
Implication of HLA‐G 3′ untranslated region polymorphisms in human papillomavirus infection
Authors: Bortolotti D. , Gentili V. , Rotola A. , Di Luca D. , Rizzo R. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractHuman papillomavirus (HPV) infection is involved in cervical lesion development. It interferes with host immune response and modifies the expression of human leukocyte antigen‐G (HLA‐G), a nonclassical HLA‐I antigen with immune‐inhibitory functions. We analyzed the frequencies of two HLA‐G 3′ untranslated region polymorphisms (14 bp ins/del, +3142C>G), involved in HLA‐G modulation, in 33 condyloma acuminatum, 14 low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion and 100 invasive cervical cancer (ICC) HPV infected patients. We showed the involvement of HLA‐G polymorphisms in HPV infection and lesion development, and suggested that 14 bp del allele promotes high‐risk HPV infection, with del/C haplotype associated with ICC development. On the basis of these evidences, HLA‐G polymorphisms could represent a risk factor in HPV positive subjects.
A comprehensive analysis of constitutive naturally processed and presented HLA‐C*04:01 (Cw4) – specific peptides
Authors: Schittenhelm R. B. , Dudek N. L. , Croft N. P. , Ramarathinam S. H. , Purcell A. W. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe human B lymphoblastoid cell line C1R is widely regarded as human leukocyte antigen‐A (HLA‐A)/HLA‐B negative and is therefore frequently exploited as a recipient cell line to study HLA class I functions. However, the normal levels of HLA‐C*04:01 often hamper the investigation of introduced HLA class I allomorphs, which is particularly evident in sensitive applications such as mass spectrometry. Here we describe the comprehensive analysis of endogenous HLA‐C*04:01 ligands expressed on the surface of C1R cells to (i) define a large sequence dataset of HLA‐C*04:01 ligands, to (ii) refine the HLA‐C*04:01 peptide‐binding motif and (iii) to provide a resource that allows discrimination between peptides bound to introduced HLA class I subtypes and to the endogenous HLA‐C*04:01 molecules.
Photoresponse diversity among the five types of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells
Authors: Zhao Xiwu , Stafford Ben K. , Godin Ashley L. , King W. Michael , Wong Kwoon Y. 
Published: January 2014

Key points
Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) are a rare population of retinal output neurons that drives subconscious physiological responses to light, e.g. pupillary constriction, synchronization of daily rhythms to the light–dark cycle and regulation of hormone secretion.
This study investigated the functional diversity among the five known types of ipRGCs, named M1–M5.
We found that M2–M5 cells could detect spatial differences in light intensity, implicating an ability to analyse the form of visual stimuli.
All five ipRGC types responded robustly to moving lights, and M1–M4 cells appeared to respond optimally to different speeds, suggesting they might analyse the speed of motion.
M1–M4 cells were shown to project to the superior colliculus, a brain area known to detect novel objects in the visual scene, suggesting that the form and motion information signalled by these four types of ipRGCs could contribute to this visual function.
AbstractIntrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) mediate non‐image‐forming visual responses, including pupillary constriction, circadian photoentrainment and suppression of pineal melatonin secretion. Five morphological types of ipRGCs, M1–M5, have been identified in mice. In order to understand their functions better, we studied the photoresponses of all five cell types, by whole‐cell recording from fluorescently labelled ipRGCs visualized using multiphoton microscopy. All ipRGC types generated melanopsin‐based (‘intrinsic’) as well as synaptically driven (‘extrinsic’) light responses. The intrinsic photoresponses of M1 cells were lower threshold, higher amplitude and faster than those of M2–M5. The peak amplitudes of extrinsic light responses differed among the ipRGC types; however, the responses of all cell types had comparable thresholds, kinetics and waveforms, and all cells received rod input. While all five types exhibited inhibitory amacrine‐cell and excitatory bipolar‐cell inputs from the ‘on’ channel, M1 and M3 received additional ‘off’‐channel inhibition, possibly through their ‘off’‐sublamina dendrites. The M2–M5 ipRGCs had centre–surround‐organized receptive fields, implicating a capacity to detect spatial contrast. In contrast, the receptive fields of M1 cells lacked surround antagonism, which might be caused by the surround of the inhibitory input nullifying the surround of the excitatory input. All ipRGCs responded robustly to a wide range of motion speeds, and M1–M4 cells appeared tuned to different speeds, suggesting that they might analyse the speed of motion. Retrograde labelling revealed that M1–M4 cells project to the superior colliculus, suggesting that the contrast and motion information signalled by these cells could be used by this sensorimotor area to detect novel objects and motion in the visual field.
Purinergic inhibitory regulation of murine detrusor muscles mediated by PDGFRα+ interstitial cells
Authors: Lee Haeyeong , Koh Byoung H. , Peri Lauren E. , Sanders Kenton M. , Koh Sang Don 
Published: January 2014

Key points
Platelet‐derived growth factor receptor‐α‐positive (PDGFRα+) interstitial cells in detrusor muscles may participate in post‐junctional responses to neurotransmitters.
PDGFRα+ interstitial cells express purinergic receptors (P2Y) and small conductance Ca2+‐activated K+ channels (mainly SK3). ATP elicited large amplitude outward currents and hyperpolarization in PDGFRα+ cells. SK channel blockers and a P2Y1 receptor antagonist blocked responses to ATP.
ATP elicited only minor responses in PDGFRα+ cells of P2ry1−/− mice. ATP elicited transient inward currents in smooth muscle cells and purinergic receptor (P2X) agonists had no effect on PDGFRα+ cells.
A specific P2Y1 receptor blocker decreased electrical field stimulation‐induced relaxation.
Our findings provide an explanation for the purinergic relaxation of detrusor muscles and describe a novel mechanism for inhibitory regulation of bladder muscles that may control detrusor excitability during the filling phase.
AbstractPurines induce transient contraction and prolonged relaxation of detrusor muscles. Transient contraction could be due to activation of inward currents in smooth muscle cells, but the mechanism of purinergic relaxation has not been determined. We recently reported a new class of interstitial cells in detrusor muscles and showed that these cells could be identified with antibodies against platelet‐derived growth factor receptor‐α (PDGFRα+ cells). The current density of small conductance Ca2+‐activated K+ (SK) channels in these cells is far higher (∼100 times) than in smooth muscle cells. Thus, we examined purinergic receptor (P2Y) mediated SK channel activation as a mechanism for purinergic relaxation. P2Y receptors (mainly P2ry1 gene) were highly expressed in PDGFRα+ cells. Under voltage clamp conditions, ATP activated large outward currents in PDGFRα+ cells that were inhibited by blockers of SK channels. ATP also induced significant hyperpolarization under current clamp conditions. A P2Y1 agonist, MRS2365, mimicked the effects of ATP, and a P2Y1 antagonist, MRS2500, inhibited ATP‐activated SK currents. Responses to ATP were largely abolished in PDGFRα+ cells of P2ry1−/− mice, and no response was elicited by MRS2365 in these cells. A P2X receptor agonist had no effect on PDGFRα+ cells but, like ATP, activated transient inward currents in smooth muscle cells (SMCs). A P2Y1 antagonist decreased nerve‐evoked relaxation. These data suggest that purines activate SK currents via mainly P2Y1 receptors in PDGFRα+ cells. Our findings provide an explanation for purinergic relaxation in detrusor muscles and show that there are no discrete inhibitory nerve fibres. A dual receptive field for purines provides the basis for inhibitory neural regulation of excitability.
Fucosylated Chondroitin Sulfate Inhibits Plasmodium falciparum Cytoadhesion and Merozoite Invasion
Authors: Bastos Marcele F. , Albrecht Letusa , Kozlowski Eliene O. , Lopes Stefanie C. P. , Blanco Yara C. , Carlos Bianca C. , Castiñeiras Catarina , Vicente Cristina P. , Werneck Claudio C. , Wunderlich Gerhard , Ferreira Marcelo U. , Marinho Claudio R. F. , Mourão Paulo A. S. , Pavão Mauro S. G. , Costa Fabio T. M. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTSequestration ofPlasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes (Pf-iEs) in the microvasculature of vital organs plays a key role in the pathogenesis of life-threatening malaria complications, such as cerebral malaria and malaria in pregnancy. This phenomenon is marked by the cytoadhesion of Pf-iEs to host receptors on the surfaces of endothelial cells, on noninfected erythrocytes, and in the placental trophoblast; therefore, these sites are potential targets for antiadhesion therapies. In this context, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), including heparin, have shown the ability to inhibit Pf-iE cytoadherence and growth. Nevertheless, the use of heparin was discontinued due to serious side effects, such as bleeding. Other GAG-based therapies were hampered due to the potential risk of contamination with prions and viruses, as some GAGs are isolated from mammals. In this context, we investigated the effects and mechanism of action of fucosylated chondroitin sulfate (FucCS), a unique and highly sulfated GAG isolated from the sea cucumber, with respect toP. falciparumcytoadhesion and development. FucCS was effective in inhibiting the cytoadherence of Pf-iEs to human lung endothelial cells and placenta cryosections under static and flow conditions. Removal of the sulfated fucose branches of the FucCS structure virtually abolished the inhibitory effects of FucCS. Importantly, FucCS rapidly disrupted rosettes at high levels, and it was also able to block parasite development by interfering with merozoite invasion. Collectively, these findings highlight the potential of FucCS as a candidate for adjunct therapy against severe malaria.
High Rate of Fecal Carriage of Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli in Healthy Children in Gipuzkoa, Northern Spain
Authors: Fernández-Reyes María , Vicente Diego , Gomariz María , Esnal Olatz , Landa Joseba , Oñate Eider , Pérez-Trallero Emilio 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT

The prevalence of extended-spectrum-β-lactamase-producing
Enterobacteriaceae
(ESBLPE) was studied in stool samples from 125 8- to 16-month-old healthy children. Twenty-four percent of them and 10.7% of the 318 fecal samples studied yielded extended-spectrum-β-lactamase-producing
Escherichia coli
, with the types being SHV-12, CTX-M-1, CTX-M-14, and TEM-52, the most common types of β-lactamases. This high prevalence of ESBLPE in healthy people, which is to our knowledge the highest currently reported in Europe, may represent a risk for increased infections by these organisms in the future.
Characterization of Klebsiella sp. Strain 10982, a Colonizer of Humans That Contains Novel Antibiotic Resistance Alleles and Exhibits Genetic Similarities to Plant and Clinical Klebsiella Isolates
Authors: Hazen Tracy H. , Zhao LiCheng , Sahl Jason W. , Robinson Gwen , Harris Anthony D. , Rasko David A. , Johnson J. Kristie 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT

A unique
Klebsiella
species strain, 10982, was cultured from a perianal swab specimen obtained from a patient in the University of Maryland Medical Center intensive care unit.
Klebsiella
sp. 10982 possesses a large IncA/C multidrug resistance plasmid encoding a novel FOX AmpC β-lactamase designated FOX-10. A novel variant of the LEN β-lactamase was also identified. Genome sequencing and bioinformatic analysis demonstrated that this isolate contains genes associated with nitrogen fixation, allantoin metabolism, and citrate fermentation. These three gene regions are typically present in either
Klebsiella pneumoniae
clinical isolates or
Klebsiella
nitrogen-fixing endophytes but usually not in the same organism. Phylogenomic analysis of
Klebsiella
sp. 10982 and sequenced
Klebsiella
genomes demonstrated that
Klebsiella
sp. 10982 is present on a branch that is located intermediate between the genomes of nitrogen-fixing endophytes and
K. pneumoniae
clinical isolates. Metabolic features identified in the genome of
Klebsiella
sp. 10982 distinguish this isolate from other
Klebsiella
clinical isolates. These features include the nitrogen fixation (
nif
) gene cluster, which is typically present in endophytic
Klebsiella
isolates and is absent from
Klebsiella
clinical isolates. Additionally, the
Klebsiella
sp. 10982 genome contains genes associated with allantoin metabolism, which have been detected primarily in
K. pneumoniae
isolates from liver abscesses. Comparative genomic analysis of
Klebsiella
sp. 10982 demonstrated that this organism has acquired genes conferring new metabolic strategies and novel antibiotic resistance alleles, both of which may enhance its ability to colonize the human body.
In Vivo
Efficacy of Ceftaroline Fosamil in a Methicillin-Resistant Panton-Valentine Leukocidin-Producing Staphylococcus aureus Rabbit Pneumonia Model
Authors: Croisier-Bertin Delphine , Hayez Davy , Da Silva Sonia , Labrousse Delphine , Biek Donald , Badiou Cedric , Dumitrescu Oana , Guerard Pascal , Charles Pierre-Emmanuel , Piroth Lionel , Lina Gerard , Vandenesch Francois , Chavanet Pascal 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT

Ceftaroline, the active metabolite of the prodrug ceftaroline fosamil, is a cephalosporin with broad-spectrum
in vitro
activity against Gram-positive organisms, including methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA) and multidrug-resistant
Streptococcus pneumoniae
(MDRSP), and common Gram-negative pathogens. This study investigated the
in vivo
activity of ceftaroline fosamil compared with clindamycin, linezolid, and vancomycin in a severe pneumonia model due to MRSA-producing Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL). A USA300 PVL-positive clone was used to induce pneumonia in rabbits. Infected rabbits were randomly assigned to no treatment or simulated human-equivalent dosing with ceftaroline fosamil, clindamycin, linezolid, or vancomycin. Residual bacterial concentrations in the lungs and spleen were assessed after 48 h of treatment. PVL expression was measured using a specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Ceftaroline, clindamycin, and linezolid considerably reduced mortality rates compared with the control, whereas vancomycin did not. Pulmonary and splenic bacterial titers and PVL concentrations were greatly reduced by ceftaroline, clindamycin, and linezolid. Ceftaroline, clindamycin, and linezolid were associated with reduced pulmonary tissue damage based on significantly lower macroscopic scores. Ceftaroline fosamil, clindamycin, and, to a lesser extent, linezolid were efficient in reducing bacterial titers in both the lungs and spleen and decreasing macroscopic scores and PVL production compared with the control.
Sphingolipid Biosynthetic Pathway Genes
FEN1
and
SUR4
Modulate Amphotericin B Resistance
Authors: Sharma Sushma , Alfatah   , Bari Vinay K. , Rawal Yashpal , Paul Sanjoy , Ganesan K. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT

Deletants of the sphingolipid biosynthetic pathway genes
FEN1
and
SUR4
of
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
, as well as deletants of their orthologs in
Candida albicans
, were found to be 2- to 5-fold-more sensitive to amphotericin B (AmB) than parent strains. The inhibition of sphingolipid biosynthesis in parent strains by myriocin sensitized them to AmB, which can be reversed by providing phytosphingosine, an intermediate in the sphingolipid pathway. These results indicate that sphingolipids modulate AmB resistance, with implications for mechanisms underlying AmB action and resistance.