bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fear of Discovery Among Latino Immigrants Presenting to the Emergency Department
Authors: Maldonado Cynthia Z. , Rodriguez Robert M. , Torres Jesus R. , Flores Yvette S. , Lovato Luis M. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractObjectivesRecent legislation mandating reporting of undocumented immigrants may instill fear of discovery when they access emergency department (ED) services. The objectives of this study were to: 1) characterize the knowledge and beliefs of undocumented Latino immigrants (UDLI) about health care workers' reporting (or nonreporting) of illegal immigrants in the ED, 2) determine whether UDLI fear discovery when presenting to the ED, and 3) determine the nature and sources of this fear.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study of UDLI and two comparison groups conducted in two California county EDs, from November 2009 to August 2010. The authors interviewed a convenience sample of adult UDLI, Latino legal residents (LLR), and non‐Latino legal residents (NLLR) using a structured instrument in their native language. The main outcome was fear of discovery among UDLI and the sources of that fear.ResultsOf 1,224 patients approached, 1,007 (82.3%) were interviewed: 314 UDLI, 373 LLR, and 320 NLLR. The median age was 43 years (interquartile range [IQR] = 31 to 55 years), and 51% were male. UDLIs were less likely to speak English (14%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 10% to 18%), have health insurance (39%, 95% CI 32% to 44%), or have a regular primary care provider (PCP; 39%, 95% CI = 34% to 45%), compared to LLR (English 56%, 95% CI = 51% to 61%; health insurance 50%, 95% CI = 45% to 55%; regular PCP 51%, 95% = CI 46% to 57%) and NLLR (English 95%, 95% CI = 92% to 97%; health insurance 49%, 95% CI = 43% to 54%; regular PCP 51%, 95% CI = 45% to 56%). Of the 16% of UDLI who stated that nurses and doctors treat undocumented immigrant patients differently than citizens, 41% (95% CI = 29% to 54%) reported less respect given to UDLI by staff. Thirty‐two percent of UDLI had heard of Proposition 187, 13% believed hospital staff reported UDLI to immigration authorities, and 9% said they were asked about their citizenship status. Fear of coming to the hospital because of discovery was expressed by 12% (95% CI = 9% to 16%) of UDLI, with 42% (95% CI = 28% to 58%) citing discussions with friends/family, 32% (95% CI = 19% to 47%) citing media and 16% (95% CI = 7% to 30%) citing both as sources of this fear.ConclusionsOne in eight of UDLI presenting to the ED express fear of discovery and consequent deportation. Belief that medical staff report UDLI and recent immigration are risk factors for this fear. Family, friends, and media are the primary sources of these concerns.
Does Stage of Change Predict Improved Intimate Partner Violence Outcomes Following an Emergency Department Intervention?
Authors: Schrager Justin D. , Smith L. Shakiyla , Heron Sheryl L. , Houry Debra 
Published: February 2013

AbstractObjectivesThe objective was to assess the effect of an emergency department (ED)‐based computer screening and referral intervention on the safety‐seeking behaviors of female intimate partner violence (IPV) victims at differing stages of change. The study also aimed to determine which personal and behavioral characteristics were associated with a positive change in safety‐seeking behavior. The hypothesis was that women who were in contemplation or action stages of change would be more likely to endorse safety behaviors during follow‐up.MethodsThis was a prospective cohort study of female IPV victims at three urban EDs, using a computer kiosk to deliver targeted education about IPV to provide referrals to local resources. All noncritically ill adult English‐speaking women triaged to the ED waiting room during study hours were eligible to participate. Women were screened for IPV using the validated Universal Violence Prevention Screening Protocol (UVPSP), and all IPV‐positive women further responded to validated questionnaires for alcohol and drug abuse, depression, and IPV severity. The women were assigned a baseline stage of change using the University of Rhode Island Change Assessment (URICA) scale for readiness to change their IPV behaviors. Study participants were contacted at 1 week and 3 months to assess a variety of predetermined safety behaviors to prevent further IPV during that period. Descriptive analyses were performed to determine if stage of change at enrollment and a variety of specific sociodemographic characteristics were associated with taking protective action during follow‐up.ResultsA total of 1,474 women were screened for IPV; 154 (10.4%) disclosed IPV and completed the full survey. Approximately half (47.4%) of the IPV victims were in the precontemplation stage of change, and 50.0% were in the contemplation stage. A total of 110 women returned at 1 week of follow‐up (71.4%), and 63 (40.9%) women returned for the 3‐month follow‐up. Fifty‐five percent of those who returned at 1 week and 73% of those who returned at 3 months took protective action against further IPV. Stage of change at enrollment was not significantly associated with taking protective action during follow‐up. There was no association between demographic characteristics and taking protective action at 1 week or 3 months.ConclusionsEmergency department–based kiosk screening and health information delivery is a feasible method of health information dissemination for women experiencing IPV and was associated with a high proportion of study participants taking protective action. Stage of change was not associated with actual IPV protective measures.
Indolizine Derivatives as HIV‐1 VIF–ElonginC Interaction Inhibitors
Authors: Huang Wenlin , Zuo Tao , Luo Xiao , Jin Hongwei , Liu Zhenming , Yang Zhenjun , Yu Xianghui , Zhang Liangren , Zhang Lihe 
Published: February 2013

Compound 1 (VEC‐5) was identified as a potent small‐molecular HIV‐1 viron infectivity factor inhibitor that targets the viron infectivity factor–ElonginC interaction. A structure–activity relationship study was carried out to develop compounds with improved efficacy against HIV‐1 and 49 indolizine derivatives of three categories were designed and synthesized. We found that five compounds exhibited promising anti‐HIV‐1 activity, and the most active compound 2g had an IC50 value of 11.0 μm. These results provide new information to develop highly potent small‐molecule HIV‐1 viron infectivity factor inhibitors.
Low serum potassium level is associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and its related metabolic disorders
Authors: Sun Kan , Lu Jieli , Jiang Yiran , Xu Min , Xu Yu , Zhang Jie , Xu Baihui , Sun Jichao , Sun Wanwan , Ren Chenxi , Liu Jianmin , Wang Weiqing , Bi Yufang , Ning Guang 
Published: February 2013

SummaryContextSubjects with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have a high risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Low serum potassium concentration or low dietary potassium intake can result in metabolic disorders.ObjectiveOur objective was to evaluate the association between low serum potassium level and prevalence of NAFLD in a Chinese population.DesignA population‐based cross‐sectional study.PatientsWe conducted a community‐based study in 8592 subjects to investigate the association of serum potassium with the risk of prevalent NAFLD. NAFLD was diagnosed by hepatic ultrasonography.ResultsThe prevalence rate of NAFLD was 30·3% in this population and gradually decreased across serum potassium quartiles. With the reduction in serum potassium level, participants have larger waist circumference (WC) and more severe insulin resistance. The correlations hold also in multivariate linear regression analysis. In logistic regression analysis, compared with subjects in the highest quartile of serum potassium level, the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) in the lowest quartile was 1·33 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1·11–1·60] for NAFLD, 1·81 (95% CI, 1·49–2·19) for insulin resistance and 1·58 (95% CI, 1·30–1·93) for central obesity. In subgroup analysis after multiple adjustments, significant relation between serum potassium level and prevalent NAFLD was detected in women, younger subjects, those with insulin resistance and those with central obesity, respectively.ConclusionLow serum potassium level significantly associated with prevalence of NAFLD in middle‐aged and elderly Chinese.
A randomized placebo controlled trial of preoperative carbohydrate drinks and early postoperative nutritional supplement drinks in colorectal surgery
Authors: Lidder P. , Thomas S. , Fleming S. , Hosie K. , Shaw S. , Lewis S. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAimThere is evidence that preoperative carbohydrate drinks and postoperative nutritional supplements improve the outcome of colorectal surgery. There is little information on their individual contribution.MethodA prospective four‐arm double‐blind controlled trial was carried out in which patients were randomized to carbohydrate or placebo drinks preoperatively and a polymeric supplement or placebo drink postoperatively. The primary outcome was insulin resistance (using the short insulin tolerance test and HOMA‐IR). Secondary outcomes included handgrip strength, pulmonary function, intestinal permeability and postoperative complications.ResultsA total of 120 patients were randomized to four demographically well matched groups. Patients who received preoperative and postoperative supplements had better glucose homeostasis (P = 0.004), peak expiratory flow rate (P = 0.035), handgrip strength (P = 0.002) and less insulin resistance (P = 0.001) compared with those who only received placebo drinks.ConclusionOral nutritional supplements given preoperatively and postoperatively improve postoperative handgrip strength, pulmonary function and insulin resistance. A weaker effect was seen in patients who received supplements either preoperatively or postoperatively. Oral nutritional supplements should be given both preoperatively and postoperatively.
Evaluation of long‐term function, complications, quality of life and health status after restorative proctocolectomy with ileo neo rectal and with ileal pouch anal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis
Authors: Heikens J. T. , de Vries J. , de Jong D. J. , den Oudsten B. L. , Hopman W. , Groenewoud J. M. M. , van der Kolk M. B. , Gooszen H. G. , van Laarhoven C. J. H. M. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAimRestorative surgery after (procto)colectomy with ileo‐neorectal anastomosis (INRA) or restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch anal anastomosis (RPC) combines cure of ulcerative colitis (UC) with restoration of intestinal continuity. This study aimed to evaluate these two operations.MethodPatients having INRA and RPC were matched according to sex, age at onset of UC, age at restorative surgery and duration of follow‐up. Patients were included if they were over 18 years of age, had UC confirmed histopathologically and had undergone either operation. Long‐term function, anal and neorectal physiology, complications, quality of life (QoL) and health status (HS) were determined.ResultsSeventy‐one consecutive patients underwent surgery with the intention of having an INRA procedure. This was successfully carried out in 50, and 21 underwent intra‐operative conversion to RPC. Median defaecation frequency was 6/24 h. In 11/71 patients reservoir failure occurred and 13/71 developed pouchitis. QoL and HS were comparable to the healthy population. Median follow‐up was 6.2 years. These patients were matched with 71 patients who underwent RPC. RPC was successful in all patients. Median defaecation frequency was 8/24 h. Failure occurred in 7/71 patients and 13/71 developed pouchitis. QoL and HS were comparable with the healthy population. Median follow‐up was 6.9 years.ConclusionComparison of INRA and RPC on an intention to treat basis was not considered to be realistic due to the high intra‐operative conversion rate and the failures in the INRA group. RPC remains the procedure of choice for restoring intestinal continuity after proctocolectomy for UC.
Post anterior rectal resection syndrome – a retrospective multicentre study
Authors: Ziv Y. , Gimelfarb Y. , Igov I. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAimThe long‐term effects of surgical and non‐surgical factors on increased stool frequency and incontinence following anterior resection have been variably reported. We investigated the effects of surgical characteristics on symptoms at 1 month and more than 1 year postoperatively following anterior resection of the rectum.MethodIn this retrospective study of patients who underwent anterior resection of the rectum during 2002–2006, patients were interviewed regarding symptoms at 1 month and more than 1 year postoperatively. Anterior resection of the rectum syndrome (ARRS) is more simply defined as incontinence and/or frequent bowel movements after surgery and graded as severe, moderate or mild.ResultsOf the 165 patients who underwent anterior resection for rectal cancer during the study period, 106 were included in the analysis. The median follow‐up period was 3.4 years (range 13–72 months). ARRS had a high prevalence 1 month postoperatively (55.6%) but abated in over half the cases at 1 year postoperatively. The likelihood of development of early but not late ARRS was associated with the anastomotic level suggesting adaptation. ARRS and continence were unaffected by total mesorectal excision, the use of adjuvant radiation or chemotherapy, patient age or disease stage.ConclusionThe level of anastomosis in anterior resection of the rectum had a significant effect on the prevalence of ARRS using a new simpler definition 1 month after surgery but not 1 year or more postoperatively. Further data on neorectal reservoir reconstruction using the simpler ARRS definition are required.
Rangeland management in highly variable environments: Resource variations across the landscape mediate the impact of grazing on vegetation in Mongolia
Authors: Kakinuma Kaoru , Okayasu Tomoo , Sasaki Takehiro , Jamsaran Undarmaa , Okuro Toshiya , Takeuchi Kazuhiko 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAssessment of grazing‐induced degradation of arid and semiarid rangelands with stochastic rainfall regimes is challenging. To assess grazing impacts on vegetation under highly variable environments, we focused on resource variations in relation to the scale of local rangeland use. Specifically, we tested the hypothesis that grazing impacts on resources were greater in areas heavily used during drought (i.e. key resource areas) than elsewhere. Near Mandalgobi, Mongolia, we established study sites in four typical vegetation communities (Caragana, Allium, Achnatherum and Reaumuria) according to landscape type. First, we interviewed key informants about the four community types to examine how local pastoralists used these communities during normal and drought summers. Second, we compared dung pellets numbers among communities to quantify the different grazing impacts on each community. Finally, to determine grazing impacts on vegetation in each community, we performed vegetation surveys in grazing and non‐grazing plots at each site. According to respondents, during normal summers all types of community were used, but during drought, the main community used was Achnatherum community. The number of dung pellets was highest in the Achnatherum community. Species composition was significantly more affected by grazing in the Achnatherum and Reaumuria community than in the other communities. These results suggested that the Achnathrum community would have a role of key resource in study sites and grazing impacts affected key resource areas. If rangeland management is focused only on maintaining resource accessibility, then grazing‐induced degradation of key resource areas could occur even on highly variable rangelands.
A polymorphism in randomly amplified DNA that differentiates the Y chromosomes of Bos indicus and Bos taurus
Authors: Teale A J , Wambugu J , Gwakisa P S , Stranzinger G , Bradley D , Kemp S J 
Published: February 2013

SummaryA small number of west African Bos taurus cattle breeds, including the N'Dama, constitute a valuable genetic resource by virtue of their ability to remain productive under trypanosomiasis challenge. However, introgression of Bos indicus genes into the trypanotolerant breeds, particularly by introduction of zebu bulls, is a threat to this resource. This work describes the characterization and cloning of a bovine randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) that is generated in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with the 10 base primer ILO1065 from Bos indicus male templates, but not from B. taurus male templates or female templates of either type. Male‐specific sequences with homology to the RAPD also occur in B. taurus breeds. This suggests that the polymorphism may be due to base substitution(s) in an ILO1065 priming site, or insertion/deletion events either affecting priming sites or occurring between sites on the cattle Y chromosome. We have shown that cattle, whether of B. indicus or B. taurus phenotype, which possess a typically B. indicus metaphase Y chromosome on the basis of QFQ banding, have a B. indicus ILO1065‐generated genotype. The ILO1065‐primed RAPD can be used in a simple dot blot assay as a probe of RAPD‐PCR products, to provide a convenient, reliable and effective means of detecting introgression of zebu genes in B. taurus cattle populations.
Increased hair selenium concentration in hyperlipidemic patients
Authors: Fülöp Péter , Seres Ildikó , Jenei Zoltán , Juhász Imre , Paragh György 
Published: February 2013

AbstractSelenium is an essential trace element with potential anti‐atherogenic and antioxidant effects. Experimental data suggest that selenium might be beneficial in the prevention of atherosclerosis and its complications, whereas human epidemiological studies have yielded conflicting results. Data on hair selenium status in hyperlipidemic patients are still lacking. Therefore, we analysed selenium concentrations by X‐ray fluorescence in the hair of 81 statin‐naïve patients with newly diagnosed Fredrickson‐type IIa and IIb hyperlipoproteinemia and compared their data with 43 healthy volunteers. We also assessed the frequency of other classical risk factors of atherosclerosis. Hair selenium levels were found to be significantly higher in hyperlipidemic patients compared with volunteers with normal lipid levels. Also, a significantly increased number of traditional atherosclerosis risk factors were observed in hyperlipidemic patients with hair selenium concentrations above the median in contrast to those with below. Our results suggest that high hair selenium status might be associated with adverse blood lipid profile together with an increased number of traditional risk factors in a selenium‐deplete population. These findings warrant further investigations to study the impact of selenium supplementation on the incidence of cardiovascular events.
Evaluation of nasal epithelium sampling as a tool in the preclinical development of siRNA‐based therapeutics for asthma
Authors: Healey Gareth D , Evans Neil , Hopkin Julian M , Davies Gwyneth , Walker William 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe development of siRNA‐based asthma therapeutics is currently hampered by a paucity of relevant biomarkers and the need to ascertain tissue‐specific gene targeting in the context of active disease. Epithelial STAT6 expression is fundamental to asthma pathogenesis in which inflammatory changes are found throughout the respiratory tract. Therefore, to improve preclinical evaluation, we tested the efficacy of STAT6‐targeting siRNA within nasal epithelial cells (NEC's) obtained from asthmatic and non‐asthmatic donors. STAT6 expression was invariant in both donor groups and amenable to suppression by siRNA treatment. In addition, STAT6 mRNA was also suppressible by apically delivered siRNA treatment in comparative differentiated nasal epithelial cell‐line monolayer cultures. Analysis of donor NEC's showed consistent elevation in CCL26 (eotaxin‐3) mRNA within the asthmatic group suggesting potential as a relevant biomarker. Furthermore, targeting of STAT6 with siRNA attenuated IL‐13‐driven CCL26 expression in these cells, pointing to the utility of this approach in preclinical testing. Finally, siRNA‐mediated suppression of STAT6 was independent of donor disease phenotype or epithelial cell differentiation status, signifying therapeutic potential.
Adverse Oral Health and Cognitive Decline: The Health, Aging and Body Composition Study
Authors: Stewart Robert , Weyant Robert J. , Garcia Melissa E. , Harris Tamara , Launer Lenore J. , Satterfield Suzanne , Simonsick Eleanor M. , Yaffe Kristine , Newman Anne B. 
Published: February 2013

ObjectivesTo investigate the relationship between periodontal disease and cognitive decline.DesignAnalysis of a prospective cohort study.SettingThe Health, Aging and Body Composition (Health ABC) Study.ParticipantsOne thousand fifty‐three participants who were administered the Modified Mini‐Mental State Examination (3MS) at Year 1 (baseline) and Year 3 and had participated in a comprehensive periodontal examination at Year 2.MeasurementsThe prospective association between a range of oral health parameters and cognitive function was examined. Decline in 3MS score from Year 3 to 5 was investigated in 947 (89.9%) participants. Covariates included age, sex, education, race, cardiovascular disease and risk, and depressive symptoms.ResultsMost indicators of adverse oral health at Year 2 were associated with cognitive impairment based on averaged 3MS scores less than 80 for Years 1 and 3, but education and race substantially confounded these associations. Higher gingival index, a measure of gingival inflammation, at Year 2 remained independently associated with this definition of cognitive impairment and, in fully adjusted analyses, was also an independent predictor of a more‐than‐5‐point cognitive decline from Year 3 to 5.ConclusionPeriodontitis may be a risk factor for cognitive decline. Gingivitis is reversible, and periodontitis to some degree is preventable and controllable when manifest. Therefore, further research is needed to clarify potential underlying mechanisms and oral health interventions that might ameliorate cognitive decline.
Seeking a progressive relationship for learning: A theoretical scheme about the continuity of the student–educator relationship in clinical nursing education
Authors: Yaghoubinia Fariba , Heydari Abbas , Latifnejad Roudsari Robab 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAimThe student–educator relationship is an educational tool in nursing education and has long‐lasting influence on the professional development of nursing students. Currently, this relationship in clinical settings is different from that in the past due to a paradigm shift in nursing education and its emphasis on the centrality of the relationship.MethodsThe purpose of this grounded theory study was to explore the continuity of the student–educator relationship in the Iranian context of clinical nursing education. Ten bachelor nursing students and 10 clinical educators at Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran, were selected through purposive and theoretical sampling. The data were collected through semi‐structured interviews and participant observation. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, and data analysis was done through open, axial, and selective coding, using MAXQDA ver. 2007 qualitative data analysis software.ResultsThe core category emerging from the data analysis was “seeking a progressive relationship for learning”. Other major categories linked to and embraced within this core category were: “creating emotional connection”, “trying to continue the relationship chain”, and “adapting the behaviors”.ConclusionThe findings indicated that in the Iranian sociocultural context, students and educators gain some action/interaction strategies for continuity of their relationship. It is obvious that the role of the nursing clinical educators and their relationship skills are critical in the relationship continuity of clinical settings.