bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subjectivité et « cerveau social »
Authors: Trouvé Jean-Noël 
Published: December 2014

La complexité des troubles autistiques est telle que de nombreux niveaux de compréhension partielle sont proposés, et ce depuis leur description par L. Kanner et H. Asperger. L’écoute psychanalytique de la subjectivité des personnes autistes gagne à être éclairée par les résultats récents des études expérimentales des fonctions cognitives qui sont à la base du fonctionnement du « cerveau social », notion qui est discutée en détail. Le croisement de ces deux approches montre que les difficultés de la mise en place du registre imaginaire et de son articulation dans la structure psychique sont centrales et spécifiques dans les différents tableaux d’autisme.
L'enfant qui s'agrippait à un sein vide
Authors: Petrouchine Roman , Toureille Aude , Rappaport Clémentine 
Published: December 2014

Elie, 17 mois, est hospitalisé dans un contexte de retard de croissance staturo-pondérale lié à un refus alimentaire. Lorsque nous le rencontrons, l’enfant semble être transparent et désincarné. Mais c’est justement en se mettant en danger sur le plan de la survie qu’il montre qu’il n’a pas renoncé sur le plan existentiel : le nourrisson ne se fait pas oublier au moment des prises alimentaires, pendant lesquelles il inquiète son entourage par la gravité de son symptôme et la dramatisation de son comportement. Elie va progressivement sentir sa propre existence reconnue dans les émotions que le personnel de pédiatrie lui adresse. Les professionnelles entrent petit à petit en relation avec lui autrement que par son refus alimentaire. Il apprend à réarticuler harmonieusement la question de l’existence à celle de la survie, et à éprouver du plaisir et à faire plaisir à l’autre : la nourriture devient source de ce plaisir et ne condense plus de façon aussi dramatique toutes les formes possibles de relation à l’autre.
Les dynamiques de la rhétorique humanitaire : Suisse, États-Unis et autres neutres
Authors: Cotter Cédric , Herrmann Irène 
Published: December 2014

Pendant la Grande Guerre, les pays engagés dans l’assistance aux victimes du conflit ont abondamment communiqué sur leur action. Pourquoi ? Avec quels arguments ? À travers l’étude des cas suisse et américain, cet article a pour ambition de souligner les objectifs de la rhétorique humanitaire. Si la forme et la postérité de cette dernière varient suivant les pays, le fond connaît des similitudes. Ce discours a ainsi une utilité en politique étrangère, justifiant la neutralité ou rassurant l’Entente. Mais il sert également à des fins de politique interne en s’intégrant pleinement dans les processus de mobilisation des esprits. Enfin, ces constatations peuvent être étendues à d’autres puissances neutres et mettent ainsi en évidence le côté profondément transnational de cette rhétorique.
Ontologie, anthropologie, théologie dans les Conférences de Stuttgart de Schelling
Authors: Vetö Miklos 
Published: December 2014

Dans l’Introduction de son édition critique des Conférences de Stuttgart (2è édition, 2009), Miklos Vëto présente les sources et les grands thèmes de l’écrit schellingien. Il explique ici que les germes et les prémisses de la Spätphilosophie sont déjà contenus dans les Conférences . Ces leçons ont surtout été étudiées comme un exposé par excellence de l’anthropologie schellingienne. Or on peut montrer qu’elles sont aussi un moment privilégié du cheminement de Schelling vers la monstration de la transcendance de Dieu.
CCR2-Dependent Dendritic Cell Accumulation in the Central Nervous System during Early Effector Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Is Essential for Effector T Cell Restimulation In Situ and Disease Progression
Authors: Clarkson Benjamin D. , Walker Alec , Harris Melissa G. , Rayasam Aditya , Sandor Matyas , Fabry Zsuzsanna 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs)—although absent from the healthy CNS parenchyma—rapidly accumulate within brain and spinal cord tissue during neuroinflammation associated with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE; a mouse model of multiple sclerosis). Yet, although DCs have been appreciated for their role in initiating adaptive immune responses in peripheral lymphoid organ tissues, how DCs infiltrate the CNS and contribute to ongoing neuroinflammation in situ is poorly understood. In this study, we report the following: 1) CD11c+ bone marrow–derived DCs and CNS-infiltrating DCs express chemokine receptor CCR2; 2) compared with CCR2+/+ cells, adoptively transferred CCR2−/− bone marrow–derived DCs or DC precursors do not accumulate in the CNS during EAE, despite abundance in blood; 3) CCR2−/− DCs show less accumulation in the inflamed CNS in mixed bone marrow chimeras, when compared with CCR2+/+ DCs; and 4) ablation of CCR2+/+ DCs during EAE clinical onset delays progression and attenuates cytokine production by infiltrating T cells. Whereas the role of CCR2 in monocyte migration into the CNS has been implicated previously, the role of CCR2 in DC infiltration into the CNS has never been directly addressed. Our data suggest that CCR2-dependent DC recruitment to the CNS during ongoing neuroinflammation plays a crucial role in effector T cell cytokine production and disease progression, and signify that CNS-DCs and circulating DC precursors might be key therapeutic targets for suppressing ongoing neuroinflammation in CNS autoimmune diseases.
HLA-DMA Polymorphisms Differentially Affect MHC Class II Peptide Loading
Authors: Álvaro-Benito Miguel , Wieczorek Marek , Sticht Jana , Kipar Claudia , Freund Christian 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
During the adaptive immune response, MHCII proteins display antigenic peptides on the cell surface of APCs for CD4+ T cell surveillance. HLA-DM, a nonclassical MHCII protein, acts as a peptide exchange catalyst for MHCII, editing the peptide repertoire. Although they map to the same gene locus, MHCII proteins exhibit a high degree of polymorphism, whereas only low variability has been observed for HLA-DM. As HLA-DM activity directly favors immunodominant peptide presentation, polymorphisms in HLA-DM (DMA or DMB chain) might well be a contributing risk factor for autoimmunity and immune disorders. Our systematic comparison of DMA*0103/DMB*0101 (DMA-G155A and DMA-R184H) with DMA*0101/DMB*0101 in terms of catalyzed peptide exchange and dissociation, as well as direct interaction with several HLA-DR/peptide complexes, reveals an attenuated catalytic activity of DMA*0103/DMB*0101. The G155A substitution dominates the catalytic behavior of DMA*0103/DMB*0101 by decreasing peptide release velocity. Preloaded peptide–MHCII complexes exhibit ∼2-fold increase in half-life in the presence of DMA*0103/DMB*0101 when compared with DMA*0101/DMB*0101. We show that this effect leads to a greater persistence of autoimmunity-related Ags in the presence of high-affinity competitor peptide. Our study therefore reveals that HLA-DM polymorphic residues have a considerable impact on HLA-DM catalytic activity.
Plasmodium Suppresses Expansion of T Cell Responses to Heterologous Infections
Authors: White Chelsi E. , Villarino Nicolas F. , Sloan Sarah S. , Ganusov Vitaly V. , Schmidt Nathan W. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Plasmodium remains a major pathogen causing malaria and impairing defense against other infections. Defining how Plasmodium increases susceptibility to heterologous pathogens may lead to interventions that mitigate the severity of coinfections. Previous studies proposed that reduced T cell responses during coinfections are due to diminished recruitment of naive T cells through infection-induced decreases in chemokine CCL21. We found that, although Listeria infections reduced expression of CCL21 in murine spleens, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV)-specific T cell responses were not impaired during Listeria + LCMV coinfection, arguing against a major role for this chemokine in coinfection-induced T cell suppression. In our experiments, Plasmodium yoelii infection led to a reduced CD8+ T cell response to a subsequent Listeria infection. We propose an alternative mechanism whereby P. yoelii suppresses Listeria-specific T cell responses. We found that Listeria-specific T cells expanded more slowly and resulted in lower numbers in response to coinfection with P. yoelii. Mathematical modeling and experimentation revealed greater apoptosis of Listeria-specific effector T cells as the main mechanism, because P. yoelii infections did not suppress the recruitment or proliferation rates of Listeria-specific T cells. Our results suggest that P. yoelii infections suppress immunity to Listeria by causing increased apoptosis in Listeria-specific T cells, resulting in a slower expansion rate of T cell responses.
Severe Neutrophil-Dominated Inflammation and Enhanced Myelopoiesis in IL-33–Overexpressing CMV/IL33 Mice
Authors: Talabot-Ayer Dominique , Martin Praxedis , Vesin Christian , Seemayer Christian Alexander , Vigne Solenne , Gabay Cem , Palmer Gaby 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
IL-33 is a cytokine of the IL-1 family, which signals through the ST2 receptor. Previous studies emphasized a role for IL-33 in shaping innate and adaptive immune responses. IL-33 was also reported to modulate myelopoiesis and myeloid cell activity. In this article, we describe IL-33–overexpressing CMV/IL33 and LysM/IL33 mice, which display an inflammatory phenotype associated with growth retardation and paw swelling. The phenotype of CMV/IL33 mice is dependent on activation of the ST2 receptor and is characterized by extensive neutrophil infiltration into different organs, including the paws. Local or systemic levels of proinflammatory mediators such as IL-1β, Cxcl-1, G-CSF, and IL-6 are increased. CMV/IL-33 mice also suffer from anemia, thrombocytosis, and a marked dysregulation of myelopoiesis, leading to an important increase in myeloid cell production or accumulation in bone marrow (BM), spleen, and peripheral blood. Consistently, recombinant IL-33 induced proliferation of myeloid lineage cells in BM-derived granulocyte cultures, whereas IL-33 knockout mice exhibited minor deficiencies in spleen and BM myeloid cell populations. Our observations reveal a neutrophil-dominated inflammatory phenotype in IL-33–overexpressing CMV/IL33 and LysM/IL33 mice, and highlight important regulatory effects of IL-33 on myelopoiesis in vitro and in vivo, where excessive IL-33 signaling can translate into the occurrence of a myeloproliferative disorder.
The Immunoregulator Soluble TACI Is Released by ADAM10 and Reflects B Cell Activation in Autoimmunity
Authors: Hoffmann Franziska S. , Kuhn Peer-Hendrik , Laurent Sarah A. , Hauck Stefanie M. , Berer Kerstin , Wendlinger Simone A. , Krumbholz Markus , Khademi Mohsen , Olsson Tomas , Dreyling Martin , Pfister Hans-Walter , Alexander Tobias , Hiepe Falk , Kümpfel Tania , Crawford Howard C. , Wekerle Hartmut , Hohlfeld Reinhard , Lichtenthaler Stefan F. , Meinl Edgar 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
BAFF and a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL), which control B cell homeostasis, are therapeutic targets in autoimmune diseases. TACI-Fc (atacicept), a soluble fusion protein containing the extracellular domain of the BAFF–APRIL receptor TACI, was applied in clinical trials. However, disease activity in multiple sclerosis unexpectedly increased, whereas in systemic lupus erythematosus, atacicept was beneficial. In this study, we show that an endogenous soluble TACI (sTACI) exists in vivo. TACI proteolysis involved shedding by a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 10 releasing sTACI from activated B cells. The membrane-bound stub was subsequently cleaved by γ-secretase reducing ligand-independent signaling of the remaining C-terminal fragment. The shed ectodomain assembled ligand independently in a homotypic way. It functioned as a decoy receptor inhibiting BAFF- and APRIL-mediated B cell survival and NF-κB activation. We determined sTACI levels in autoimmune diseases with established hyperactivation of the BAFF–APRIL system. sTACI levels were elevated both in the cerebrospinal fluid of the brain-restricted autoimmune disease multiple sclerosis correlating with intrathecal IgG production, as well as in the serum of the systemic autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus correlating with disease activity. Together, we show that TACI is sequentially processed by a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 10 and γ-secretase. The released sTACI is an immunoregulator that shares decoy functions with atacicept. It reflects systemic and compartmentalized B cell accumulation and activation.
A Fixed Point Theorem and the Existence of a Haar Measure for Hypergroups Satisfying Conditions Related to Amenability
Authors: Willson Benjamin 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIn this paperwe present a fixed point property for amenable hypergroups that is analogous to Rickert’s fixed point theorem for semigroups. It equates the existence of a left invariant mean on the space of weakly right uniformly continuous functions to the existence of a fixed point for any action of the hypergroup. Using this fixed point property, certain hypergroups are shown to have a left Haar measure.
Eenzijdige openbaarmaking van informatie: waar ligt de grens?
Authors: Brouwer Onno , Coppi Lorenzo 
Published: December 2014

Eenzijdige openbaarmaking van informatie: waar ligt de grens?
Deze bijdrage bespreekt aan de hand van een aantal recente zaken, waaronder begrepen het toezeggingsbesluit van ACM inzake mobiele netwerkoperatoren, de vraag op basis van welke criteria een eenzijdige openbaarmaking van informatie op mededingingsbezwaren kan stuiten in een context waarin geen sprake is van ‘uitwisseling’ van informatie of een hardcore kartel. Autoriteiten lijken soms snel eenzijdige openbaarmakingen aan te merken als een doelbeperking. De auteurs pleiten zowel op basis van economische als juridische gronden voor een meer gebalanceerd analysekader: alleen gedrag dat op basis van voldoende algemeen erkende ervaring kan worden verondersteld de concurrentie te schaden, kan worden aangemerkt als een doelinbreuk. In veel gevallen zijn eenzijdige mededelingen omtrent marktgedrag concurrentiebevorderend of niet dusdanig concurrentiebeperkend dat zij zouden moeten worden gekwalificeerd als een doelinbreuk.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells Ameliorate Atherosclerotic Lesions via Restoring Endothelial Function
Authors: Lin Yu-Ling , Yet Shaw-Fang , Hsu Yuan-Tong , Wang Guei-Jane , Hung Shih-Chieh 
Published: December 2014

AbstractTransplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is beneficial in myocardial infarction and hind limb ischemia, but its ability to ameliorate atherosclerosis remains unknown. Here, the effects of MSCs on inhibiting endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis were investigated in human/mouse endothelial cells treated with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) and in apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE−/−) mice fed a high-fat diet. Treatment with oxLDL inactivated the Akt/endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS) pathway, induced eNOS degradation, and inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production in endothelial cells. Coculture with human MSCs reversed the effects of oxLDL on endothelial cells and restored Akt/eNOS activity, eNOS level, and NO production. Reduction of endothelium-dependent relaxation and subsequent plaque formation were developed in apoE−/− mice fed a high-fat diet. Systemic infusion with mouse MSCs ameliorated endothelial dysfunction and plaque formation in high-fat diet-fed apoE−/− mice. Interestingly, treatment with interleukin-8 (IL8)/macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) alone induced the similar effects of human/mouse MSCs on oxLDL-treated human/mouse endothelial cells. Neutralization antibodies (Abs) against IL8/MIP-2 also blocked the effects of human/mouse MSCs on oxLDL-treated human/mouse endothelial cells. Consistently, MIP-2 injection alone induced the similar effect of MSCs on the endothelial function in high-fat diet-fed apoE−/− mice. The improvement in endothelial dysfunction by mouse MSCs was also blocked when pretreating MSCs with anti-MIP-2 Abs. In conclusion, MSC transplantation improved endothelial function and plaque formation in high-fat diet-fed apoE−/− mice. Activation of the Akt/eNOS pathway in endothelium by IL8/MIP-2 is involved in the protective effect of MSCs. The study helps support the use and clarify the mechanism of MSCs for ameliorating atherosclerosis.
Addressing gender inequality and intimate partner violence as critical barriers to an effective HIV response in sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Watts Charlotte , Seeley Janet 
Published: December 2014

IntroductionIn Africa, women and girls represent 57% of people living with HIV, with gender inequality and violence being an important structural determinant of their vulnerability. This commentary draws out lessons for a more effective combination response to the HIV epidemic from three papers recently published in JIAS.DiscussionHatcher and colleagues present qualitative data from women attending ante‐natal clinics in Johannesburg, describing how HIV diagnosis during pregnancy and subsequent partner disclosure are common triggers for violence within relationships. The authors describe the challenges women face in adhering to medication or using services. Kyegombe and colleagues present a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial in Uganda of SASA! – a community violence prevention programme. Along with promising community impacts on physical partner violence, significantly lower levels of sexual concurrency, condom use and HIV testing were reported by men in intervention communities. Remme and her colleagues present a systematic review of evidence on the costs and cost‐effectiveness of gender‐responsive HIV interventions. The review identified an ever‐growing evidence base, but a paucity of accompanying economic analyses, making it difficult to assess the costs or value for money of gender‐focused programmes.ConclusionsThere is a need to continue to accumulate evidence on the effectiveness and costs of different approaches to addressing gender inequality and violence as part of a combination HIV response. A clearer HIV‐specific and broader synergistic vision of financing and programming needs to be developed, to ensure that the potential synergies between HIV‐specific and broader gender‐focused development investments can be used to best effect to address vulnerability of women and girls to both violence and HIV.
Dialogando com experiências vivenciadas em Marraquech e America Latina para compreensão do Turismo Comunitário e Solidário
Authors: Sampaio Carlos Alberto Cioce , Coriolano Luzia Neide 
Published: December 2014

A discussão sobre turismo comunitário e solidário sugere reflexões a respeito das modalidades: turismo cultural, etnoturismo, ecoturismo e agroturismo, muitas vezes, apropriadas a lógicas darwinista de mercado e dinâmica capitalista, limitando a potencialidade de experiências turísticas à conservação de modos de vida de populações tradicionais. O objetivo deste trabalho é dialogar com experiências de cerimoniais de trocas mercantis vivenciadas em Marraquech, em dezembro de 2008, para compreensão do turismo comunitário e solidário que vem acontecendo na America Latina. O turismo em Marraquech é seccionado por uma muralha. Na Medina, dentro da muralha, o apelo sociocultural beribére e árabe predomina sob cerimonial mercantil único: “não se sabe bem ao certo ou ‘nunca’ se saberá se está fazendo ou não um bom negócio”. Fora da muralha, o circuito sociocultural ocidentalizado prevalece em redes de hotéis, restaurantes e lojas internacionais conhecidas como “quanto mais caro, melhor deve ser!” O que faz refletir é o quanto os cerimoniais, representados por modos de vida estão próximos ou distantes. Certamente a muralha física é bem menor do que o muro simbólico estabelecido entre aldeias: ocidental e comunitária, e entre o turismo convencional e de base local e solidária.
Espanha: Turismo Mundial em Debate
Authors: Solha Karina Toledo , Trentin Fábia , Gândara José Manoel Gonçalves 
Published: December 2014

Relato de três eventos técnicos cientificos ocorridos na Espanha, no início de 2010. o Exceltur – 5º Foro de Liderazgo Turístico, a Feira Internacional de Turismo – FITUR, uma reunião da Organização Mundial de Turismo – OMT e uma reunião da Associação dos Experts Científicos en Investigación Turística – AECIT, uma excelente oportunidade de conhecer e compreender o panorama atual do turismo neste país, a partir de abordagens distintas tanto do mundo empresarial, quanto da academia.
ENSINO-APRENDIZAGEM EM UM CURSO DE HOTELARIA DA CIDADE DE SÃO PAULO: PERCEPÇÕES DE ALUNOS EM UMA NOVA ABORDAGEM DE ANÁLISE
Authors: Decker Karin , Cavenaghi Airton José , Sogayar Roberta Leme , Sousa Roseane Barcellos Marques , Funcia Thaís 
Published: December 2014

Pesquisa exploratória sobre o processo de ensino-aprendizagem com o objetivo de identificar a natureza do ensino superior no contexto de uma sala de aula monocultural, como parte de um estudo mais amplo envolvendo ambientes multiculturais no Instituto de Educação Superior de Glion (Suíça). Com base em fundamentos teóricos do sense making, e a partir de observações em salas de aula e grupos focais com alunos do curso de Hotelaria da Universidade Anhembi Morumbi, descreve e analisa os resultados em cinco categorias interpretativas: vocação profissional, experiência de mercado, estratégias de ensino, aprendizagem e processo, e vínculo. Destaca que os alunos questionam a ação pedagógica do professor de forma atuante e crítica. Conclui que se evidencia maior maturidade dos alunos em relação à figura do professor e as expectativas geradas por este processo.
INDAGAÇÕES SOBRE AS MUDANÇAS ACONTECIDAS NO DESENVOLVIMENTO DO TURISMO NA CIDADE DE SAN JOSÉ, PROVÍNCIA DE ENTRE RIOS, ARGENTINA
Authors: Wallingre Noemi 
Published: December 2014

O documento apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa sobre o desenvolvimento de um destino emergente da Argentina. Justificou-se pela necessidade de realizar uma contribuição a respeito da relação existente entre o turismo, a partir de uma análise sistêmica, e o desenvolvimento local na tentativa de desvendar o surgimento de iniciativas, ou mudanças, e implementação de políticas e estratégias de desenvolvimento. Trata-se de um estudo de caso realizado na cidade de San José, província de Entre Rios entre os anos 2004 e 2009. Tentou-se analisar o impacto sócio-econômico em relação ao emprego, os empreendimentos e investimentos, assim como a contribuição refletida nos benefícios que ocasionou, em particular, na população residente.