bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of family non-universal Z ′ model in angular observables of
decays*
Authors: Farooq Nimra , Zaki Marwah , Ali Paracha M. , Bhutta Faisal Munir 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We present the angular distribution of the four-fold

and

decays in the Standard Model and family non-universal

model. At the quark level, these decays are governed by the

transition. Along with different angular observables, we provide predictions of differential branching ratios, forward-backward asymmetry, and longitudinal polarization fractions of

and

mesons. Our analysis shows that the signatures of the family non-universal

model are more distinct in the observables associated with the

decay than in those associated with the

decay. Future measurements of the predicted angular observables, both at current and future high energy colliders, will provide useful complementary data required to clarify the structure of the family non-universal

model in

=

processes.
Angular distribution of products in multinucleon transfer reactions*
Authors: Le 乐 Xian-Kai 先凯 , Fan 范 Kuan 宽 , Xing 邢 Feng-Zhu 凤竹 , Guo 郭 Shu-Qing 树青 , Wang 王 Nan 楠 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
A method based on the dinuclear system (DNS) is proposed to describe the angular distribution of products in multinucleon transfer (MNT) reactions. By considering fluctuation effects, the angular distributions of reactions involving 136Xe+208Pb, 136Xe+209Bi, 86Kr+166Er, 84Kr+209Bi, and 84Kr+208Pb are examined, demonstrating good agreement with experimental data. Moreover, the double differential cross-sections (

and

) of reactions 136Xe+208Pb and 136Xe+209Bi are analyzed to explore the mechanism of angular distribution in MNT reactions. Additionally, the optimal angles for detecting N=126 isotopes are determined via an analysis on the influence of proton and neutron numbers of the projectiles on the angular distribution of the N=126 isotopic line. The results of this study can provide valuable insights for experimental detection.
Optimization Design of Semi-active Suspension for Vehicles Based on LQR Optimal Control
Authors: Liu Lianming , Calderon Aldrin D. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The suspension system is crucial for providing a comfortable ride and ensuring smooth driving. This article presents a random road surface model and a 1/4 vehicle two-degree-of-freedom semi-active suspension model. The optimal control performance index function was obtained by using the minimum principle, and the optimal controller for semi-active suspension was designed. Simulations were conducted in MATLAB/Simulink, using vehicle acceleration, suspension dynamic deflection, and tire dynamic deformation as evaluation indicators. The study found that the vehicle’s acceleration, suspension dynamic deflection, and tire dynamic deformation were reduced by 21.79%, 21.86%, and 9.88%, respectively, with the use of the designed semi-active suspension optimization controller. This resulted in improved driving smoothness and riding comfort.
Segment-compensated Bandgap Reference Generator with Low-temperature Drift
Authors: Yan Yu , Huang Shengming 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In this paper, a segment-compensated low-temperature-drift bandgap reference generator is proposed and designed to get the high-order nonlinear temperature characteristics for the bandgap reference circuit. Based on the Nuvoton 0.35 μm BCD process, the circuit is simulated and analyzed. The result is that a temperature coefficient of 1.12 ppm/℃ over the range of -40℃ to 125℃ is obtained, which is much lower than the 6.88 ppm/℃ before compensation. It is demonstrated that the power supply rejection ratio is 141.3 dB at 1, 000 HZ, low-frequency open-loop gain is 75 dB, and a phase margin is 57°.
Research on the welding process of Q355ND thick plate with narrow gap double wire submerged arc welding
Authors: Li Su , Zhang Wei , Zhang Yupeng , Han Shanguo , Wang Haiyan , Xin Yanggui 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Aiming at the problems of low welding efficiency and unstable quality of thick plates of marine equipment in offshore deep-water areas represented by offshore wind power, the high-efficiency welding process of narrow-gap double-wire submerged arc welding of 30 mm thick Q355ND low alloy high-strength steel plate was developed by selecting the suitable welding material and welding process parameters. The results show that the welded joint has a beautiful appearance, well-fused sides, and no defects. The structure of the heat-affected zone of the joint is mainly composed of pro eutectoid ferrite, acicular ferrite, bainite, and a small amount of pearlite. The center of the seam is composed of a large amount of massive ferrite and a small amount of bainite. The average tensile strength of the joint reaches 536.5 Mpa, and the average impact energy of the weld center at -20°C reaches 48.4 J. The average impact energy of the heat-affected zone reaches 164 J. All physical and chemical performance tests meet the standard requirements. The development of welding processes has important practical significance for improving production efficiency and product quality. It will be widely used to construct offshore wind power towers, offshore platform jackets, and other offshore deep-water engineering equipment.
Design of intelligent pipeline detection and cleaning robot
Authors: Peng Fang , Su Zihao , Lei Ming , Sun Qiang , Chen Yida 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This design focuses on the field of intelligent pipeline cleaning, and proposes a design scheme for an intelligent household multi-functional pipeline cleaning robot that can realize multiple functions such as damage monitoring, cleaning and repair for different pipeline structures and internal multi-physical environments. It is equipped with integrated systems such as visual recognition, pressure sensors, robotic arms, underwater gimbals, and telescopic devices, and has functions such as pipeline cleaning, turbine pushing, crawler crawling, and damage monitoring.
Testing technology and evaluation of substructure of urban viaduct in service
Authors: Liu Dongxin , Zhang Li , Wang Peimao , Tang Wenbo , Ma Yu , Chen Zhengyang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This paper mainly focuses on the test and inspection work of the viaduct substructure. With the acceleration of the urbanization process, the viaduct is an important part of urban traffic, and its safety and stability to ensure people’s travel safety and the normal operation of the city is very important. As the basic structure supporting the bridge body, the safety of the substructure of the viaduct is directly related to the safety of the whole bridge. Therefore, it is very important to inspect the substructure of the viaduct.
Analysis of the influence of winding phase shift on the comprehensive performance of multi-mode operation characteristics of dual-winding permanent magnet synchronous motor
Authors: Shi Qiaoning , Zhang Yufeng 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The objective of this study is to investigate the electromagnetic properties of dual-winding permanent magnet synchronous motors with various winding phase shift angles, both under normal and fault-tolerant operating conditions. Initially, an analysis of the phase shift angle for the dual-winding motor windings is conducted, followed by the design of three distinct configurations with different phase shift angles for a 12-slot 10-pole motor. Subsequently, in the second section, a finite element model is developed to represent both healthy and faulty states of the 12-slot 10-pole dual-winding permanent magnet synchronous motor with varying phase shift angles. The third part of the study involves comparing and analysing the electromagnetic characteristics of the motor under different winding phase shift angles in healthy conditions. The fourth section delves into the comparison and analysis of the electromagnetic properties of motor faults across different winding phase shift angles. Finally, conclusions are drawn based on the analysis and summary of the electromagnetic characteristics of motor faults and health conditions across various winding phase shift angles.
A novel adaptive gramian angle field based intelligent fault diagnosis for motor rolling bearings
Authors: Yu Shubo , Liu Zhansheng , Wang Saibo , Zhang Gaorong 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The Gramian Angle Field (GAF) can encode one-dimensional vibration signals into two-dimensional feature maps containing time correlation information. However, the feature representation ability of traditional GAF-encoded images is limited, making it challenging to further improve fault diagnosis accuracy. To address these issues, an AGAF-CNN intelligent fault diagnosis method is proposed in this paper. In addition to traditional GAF encoding, an adaptive adjustment parameter is introduced that automatically determines its value based on the dynamic distribution characteristics of the input data. This ensures that the resulting feature map after two-dimensional encoding contains optimal fault discriminant features. By leveraging CNN’s capability to process image data, the proposed method extracts deep-level feature representations from the vibration signal feature map and performs accurate diagnosis. The approach is validated using a rolling bearing dataset from Case Western Reserve University in the United States, and superior diagnostic accuracy is demonstrated compared to other vibration signal coding methods combined with CNN-based fault diagnosis methods. The theoretical and practical advantages of AGAF feature coding are explained comprehensively.
Research on microcracks detection of metal plate based on nonlinear ultrasound
Authors: Zhan Xianglin , Liu Lian 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In recent years, phased array ultrasonic non-destructive testing technology has been increasingly applied in the field of non-destructive testing. However, current phased array ultrasonic testing is based on traditional linear ultrasound and is not sensitive to defects such as microcracks in materials. This article proposes a nonlinear ultrasonic phased array detection technology—fundamental amplitude difference. Nonlinear components are obtained by subtracting the transmission of even and odd elements from the transmission of all elements in a phased array. First, to improve the detection effect, MATLAB software is used to simulate and study probes with different parameters. Under the premise of meeting the probe design standards, the various parameters of the probes are determined. Then, an experimental model was established using the finite element tool Abaqus. The relationship between microcracks of different lengths and nonlinear components was calculated by constructing multiple microcrack damage models. The final simulation results show that as the size of microcracks increases, the corresponding nonlinear components also gradually increase, which can more accurately detect nonlinear components and improve detection accuracy.
Research on Simulation and Power Regulation Control Strategy of Fengning Variable-Speed Pumped Storage Unit
Authors: Bai Changyu , Cai Weijiang , Zhai Jinnan , Yu Shuang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Variable-speed pumped storage unit demonstrates rapid power response and flexible adjustment of unit speed, significantly enhancing unit operational efficiency and the power system’s stability. This paper focuses on simulating the control strategy of the Fengning variable-speed pumped storage unit. First, the water pump/turbine and motor models are established based on the relevant parameters of the Fengning variable-speed pumped storage unit. Second, according to the distinct responsibilities of the governor and the excitation system, the control strategies of the unit in the power priority mode and speed priority mode are designed. Finally, we compare and analyze the power response characteristics of a single-machine infinite bus system under various operating conditions and control strategies. We also summarize the applicable scope and existing problems under different operating conditions.
A control strategy for peak clipping and valley filling based on DC microgrid
Authors: Wei Qing , Shao Guangyi , Wu Hao , Wu Qian , Zhang Yanchi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In this paper, the peak clipping and valley filling control strategy for DC microgrid is proposed. The purpose of the proposed control strategy is to make the power system run more smoothly while reducing the cost of electricity. The working mode of the DC microgrid is determined by the peak-valley time of the electricity cost. By distinguishing different periods of time, the charging and discharging of the battery are controlled, and the difference between the peak and valley electricity prices is earned for the users. The maximum power was extracted from photovoltaic panels by P&O (Perturb and Observe) MPPT algorithm, and SPWM technology based on droop control strategy was adopted. The system is simulated in matlab/simulink environment, and the feasibility of the control strategy is verified.
Development and Application of Substation Grounding Grid Topology Detection and Recognition System
Authors: Ji Wangwei , Lin Yi , Li Guocheng 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
To solve the problem of substation grounding grid faults difficult to diagnose in the case of non-power non-excavation, based on the inductive apparent magnetic resistance method developed a set of grounding grid topology detection and identification systems, to achieve non-destructive detection and real-time imaging of the grounding grid location, structure, breakpoints, and other information to identify and rebuild the topology of the grounding grid. The paper introduces the system design and practical experiments and applications in a substation in Guangzhou City, the system has achieved good application results, reaching the level of engineering prototype, the development of the system device has a good practical significance, and has a broad application prospect.
Analysis and Optimization of Lightning Protection Level Against Backflash for 220 kV Transmission Lines
Authors: Ma Hui , Sun Fengwei , Wang Dazhong , Fan Bo , Shi Sinan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Lightning strikes are a major cause of insulator flashover and line tripping; hence, improving line lightning resistance is essential. This article establishes a 220 kV transmission line model in PSCAD/EMTDC and examines the effect of alternative grounding resistance and phase arrester configurations on lightning resistance levels. The analytical findings demonstrate that the transmission line’s lightning resistance level is inversely connected with its ground resistance. When ground resistance cannot be lowered, lightning resistance can be improved by adding a lightning arrester. The lightning resistance level of each arrester arrangement varies depending on the ground resistance circumstances. An appropriate configuration policy must be picked depending on the site characteristics. The study results in this research give a specific reference for lightning protection transformation of 220 kV transmission lines.
Research on Metal Corrosion Behaviour of Indirect Air-cooled Circulating Water System
Authors: Li Yongli , Wang Xijun , Tan Yu , Zhang Xiuli , Wei Junjie , Zhang Hongjiang , Xing Chengxia , Hu Yuanxiang , Wang Rui , Zhang Shenghan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The indirect air cooling system of an air-cooled power plant consists of a surface condenser and an aluminum radiator. The radiator is usually made of 1050A pure aluminum, and the circulating water pipe connecting the radiator is made of Q235B carbon steel. This article simulates and controls typical water quality parameters such as dissolved oxygen and pH value in indirect air cooling systems using a self-designed simulation device, and studies the influence of various water quality parameters on material corrosion behavior in intercooled circulating water systems when aluminum and carbon steel coexist. The results indicate that factors such as dissolved oxygen, conductivity, pH value, temperature, and redox potential can all affect the corrosion rate of carbon steel and aluminum materials; The increase in temperature and dissolved oxygen leads to an increase in corrosion rate; The main way carbon steel corrodes the system is by consuming dissolved oxygen; The corrosion behaviour in the water circuit will lead to an overall decrease in pH value. In the presence of multiple metals, the influence of iron ions in the solution significantly increases the corrosion rate of aluminum.
Testing Deicing Force of Fire Preventive Clothing by Introducing Universal Testing Machine Based on Modified Aided Equipment
Authors: Yanfei Chen , Ning Wang , Xiyu Chen , Jianjun Xia 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
To determine the deicing force of forest fire preventive clothing, modified aided equipment for a universal testing machine was designed. Firstly, the cold situations were analyzed in five clothing climate zones of China. Secondly, the traditional equipment for push-pull force gauges was redesigned for higher accuracy. Thirdly, the outer layer of forest fire preventive clothing was coated by a hydrophobic silicone rubber coating. Finally, the deicing force was tested by a introducing universal testing machine. The results showed that the data of deicing force in different tests had good consistency by introducing a Universal Testing Machine on modified aided equipment.
Research on the Design and Temperature Rise Performance of Megawatt-level Ultra-high Current Charging Connection Components for Electric Vehicles
Authors: Zou Zhiping , Wang Jiandong , Pang Yuefeng , Ding Jiafeng , Lu Zizhao , Zhang Kaiyu , Wan Sha 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
With the clear trend of low-carbon transformation of transportation, the electrification process of heavy-duty vehicles has created an urgent need for high-power charging technology. In this paper, a charging connection module with megawatt-level charging power is designed based on the ChaoJi charging interface, and the compatibility and safety of the module are enhanced by adding mechanical code locks and electric locks. The temperature rise test and heat transfer failure test under 1200-1700 A current are also carried out on the charging connection assembly, and the results show that the charging connection assembly can meet the temperature rise performance requirements of 1500 A current charging. At the same time, it also ensures stable and safe operation without a cooling device for 40 s when the heat transfer fails.
Effect of Different Skew Angle on Tensile Fracture Behavior of SiC Fiber Monofilament
Authors: Zhang Xingjian , Fan Jinjuan , Liu Changkui , Ye Jinfa , Peng Ruiqi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In fiber reinforced composites (FRP), silicon carbide fiber is indispensable. Its mechanical properties determine the performance of ceramic matrix composites. Therefore, the tensile and fracture behavior of silicon carbide fiber monofilaments should be studied in depth. In order to make the test results of fiber properties more accurate, this paper takes SiC fiber monofilament as the research object, carries out tensile tests at different deflection angles, and carries out WEIBULL statistical analysis and comparison of the data. The microscopic morphology of the tensile fracture of each single fiber was observed by SEM, and the change rule of the mechanical properties and fracture behavior of the fiber with the deflection angle was summarized, and whether the slight deflection affected the test results was explored. The results showed that: (1) The mechanical properties of SiC fiber monofilament decreased gradually with the increase of deflection angle, and the extent of decline gradually increased. (2) With the increase of deflection angle, the proportion of stepped fracture gradually increases, and that of flat fracture gradually decreases.
Numerical simulation of mechanical properties of composite high-pressure vessel for space application
Authors: Gu Sendong , Zhao Jipeng , Ma Yanlong , Yang Wenbo , Yu Bin , Wang Tian 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
A composite high-pressure vessel reinforced with T1000 carbon fiber and featuring an ultra-thin titanium lining for space applications is examined. Using the laminated plate theory for composite materials and the elastic-plastic theory for isotropic materials, a three-dimensional finite element model is developed. The pressure test results confirm the correctness of the finite element model. Under various internal pressure circumstances, the displacement and strain distribution of the metal liner and the laminated composite are compared and analyzed. It is shown that the composite vessel primarily deforms along the axial direction when the internal pressure is greater than the working pressure of the vessel. Only elastic deformation is present in the composite layer, but both plastic and elastic deformation are present in the ultra-thin titanium liner.
Mechanical mechanism of shear cavitating water jet dissociation of flake graphite
Authors: Dong Xing , Jiang Yun , Guo Chenhao 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
To obtain the mechanical mechanism of shear-type cavitation water jet dissociating flake graphite to improve the grinding technology of flake graphite, the motion state of flake graphite particles in shear-type cavitation water jet, the micro-jet impact process, the high-pressure elastic potential energy pressure release process, and the water wedge stretching process have been analyzed using the theory of hydraulic transport of liquid-solid two-phase, the theory of jets, the cavitation primordial principle, the principle of capacity conversion, and the water wedge action. The primary mechanical mechanism of shear cavitation water jet dissociation of flake graphite is collision friction effect, micro-jet impact, pressure release, and water wedge stretching effect, under these four kinds of loads individually or jointly, to achieve the purpose of removing the surface of flake graphite particles of the veinstone minerals to realize the dissociation of flake graphite. Moreover, the collision friction, pressure release, and water wedge stretching effects destroy the material under tensile stress to remove the veinstone minerals, and the micro-jet impact effect is the destruction of the material under compressive stress to remove the veinstone minerals.
Field Natural Experimental Study of Ice Growth Characteristics of Split Conductor and Single Conductor on Hybrid Freezing Icing
Authors: Wang Yuelong , Wang Yanwei , Zhang Shuwei , Zhang Zhijin , Wang Linghao 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Transmission line icing seriously endangers the safe operation of transmission lines. At present, most of the research on transmission line icing is based on numerical simulation, and the growth law of transmission line ice in a natural environment has not been explored and studied. In this paper, natural ice-covering experiments are carried out in the Xuefeng Mountain Field (Natural) Ice Covering Test Base of Chongqing University, and single conductor, three-split, and four-split conductor ice-covering change rules in the mixed rime ice environment are explored. Test results found that the wind direction has a greater impact on the ice, and the windward side of the conductor ice is much larger than the leeward side. The downwind side of the ice of both single conductor and split conductor is smaller than the upwind side. The weight of ice on the split conductor line on the downwind side is about 86% of that on the upwind side. The results can provide a reference for the design of external insulation of UHV DC transmission lines.