bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Avoiding the Ends: Internal Epitope Tagging of Proteins Using Transposon Tn7
Authors: Zordan Rebecca E , Beliveau Brian J , Trow Jonathan A , Craig Nancy L , Cormack Brendan P 
Published: March 2015

AbstractPeptide tags fused to proteins are used in a variety of applications, including as affinity tags for purification, epitope tags for immunodetection, or fluorescent protein tags for visualization. However, the peptide tags can disrupt the target protein function. When function is disrupted by fusing a peptide to either the N or C terminus of the protein of interest, identifying alternative ways to create functional tagged fusion proteins can be difficult. Here, we describe a method to introduce protein tags internal to the coding sequence of a target protein. The method employs in vitro Tn7-transposon mutagenesis of plasmids for random introduction of the tag, followed by subsequent Gateway cloning steps to isolate alleles with mutations in the coding sequence of the target gene. The Tn7-epitope cassette is designed such that essentially all of the transposon is removed through restriction enzyme digestion, leaving only the protein tag at diverse sites internal to the ORF. We describe the use of this system to generate a panel of internally epitope-tagged versions of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae GPI-linked membrane protein Dcw1 and the Candida glabrata transcriptional regulator Sir3. This internal protein tagging system is, in principle, adaptable to tag proteins in any organism for which Gateway-adapted expression vectors exist.
Bezweckte und bewirkte Wettbewerbsbeschränkungen gemäß Art. 101 Abs. 1 AEUV
Authors: Mohr Jochen 
Published: March 2015

Zusammenfassung
Art. 101 Abs. 1 AEUV sichert die wirtschaftliche Selbstbestimmung der Marktteilnehmer und die aus deren Ausübung resultierenden Wettbewerbsprozesse umfassend vor unverhältnismäßigen Beschränkungen durch Vereinbarungen von Unternehmen. Es ist deshalb kritisch zu hinterfragen, wenn der Schutzbereich der Norm durch ein quantitatives Spürbarkeitskriterium begrenzt wird. Die unzulässigen Verhaltensweisen werden durch Art. 101 Abs. 1 AEUV mit den Vokabeln bezweckte und bewirkte Wettbewerbsbeschränkung umschrieben. Aus juristischer Sicht muss sich die Interpretation dieser Tatbestandsmerkmale auch an den rechtsstaatlichen Grundsätzen der Rechtssicherheit, der Vorhersehbarkeit und der Justiziabilität orientieren.
Gesamtschuldnerausgleich für Kartellbußen in der wirtschaftlichen Einheit
Authors: Verse Dirk A. , Wiersch Rachid René 
Published: March 2015

Zusammenfassung
Mit dem für die amtliche Sammlung vorgesehenen Grundsatzurteil vom 18. 11. 2014 hat der Kartellsenat des BGH eine sehr bedeutsame Rechtsfrage entschieden: Kann die Muttergesellschaft eines Konzerns bei ihrer (ehemaligen) Tochtergesellschaft Rückgriff nehmen, wenn diese einen Kartellverstoß begangen und damit nach der Bußgeldpraxis der Kommission eine gesamtschuldnerische Bußgeldhaftung von Mutter und Tochter ausgelöst hat? Die auf § 426 Abs. 1 BGB gestützte Antwort des BGH fällt differenziert aus. Soweit die Gesamtschuldner keine Vereinbarung über den internen Ausgleich getroffen haben, kommt es auf die Umstände des Einzelfalls an, insbesondere auf die individuellen Verursachungs- und Verschuldensbeiträge der Beteiligten und auf die für die Bemessung der Geldbuße maßgeblichen Tatsachen. Der Beitrag analysiert die Gründe und Folgen der Entscheidung und stimmt ihr im Ergebnis weitgehend zu.
Ein echter Europäischer Raum der Fusionskontrolle
Authors: Balitzki Anja 
Published: March 2015

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag beschreibt die gegenwärtigen Bemühungen der Europäischen Kommission, die EU-Fusionskontrolle auszuweiten und effizienter zu gestalten. Hierzu zählen vordergründig der Einbezug des Erwerbs von nicht-kontrollierenden Minderheitsbeteiligungen in den Zuständigkeitsbereich sowie Änderungen im Verweisungsverfahren zwischen der Europäischen Kommission und den Wettbewerbsbehörden der Mitgliedstaaten. Bei genauerem Hinsehen wird jedoch deutlich, dass auf Dauer eine Angleichung zwischen dem europäischen Regelwerk und den nationalen Fusionskontrollsystemen geplant ist. Der Beitrag zeigt, dass die Unterschiede zwischen den nationalen Systemen bezüglich einiger Aspekte groß sind. Die Europäische Kommission hat einen langen Weg vor sich.
Віталітетна структура популяцій деяких видів бур’янів у посівах зернових культур
Authors: Tikhonova E. M. 
Published: March 2015

Досліджено особливості розвитку популяцій сегетальних видів (Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop., Sonchus arvensis L., Melandium album (Mill.) Garke, Setaria glauca (L.) Beauv., Fallopia convolvulus (L.) А. Lоve) у посівах зернових культур (пшениці озимої, жита, ячменю, гречки, гороху), які не оброблялися гербіцидами у господарствах лісостепової зони на території Сумської області.
Вплив екскреторної функції ссавців на активність аспартатамінотрансферази в листках Glechoma hederacea в умовах забруднення кадмієм
Authors: Vasilyuk O. M. , Pakhomov O. Y. 
Published: March 2015

Проаналізовано дослідження зі впливу Cd на активність ферменту азотного метаболізму аспартатамінотрансферази (АСТ, КФ 2.6.1.1) і вміст водорозчинної фракції білка (альбумінів) в листках Glechoma hederacea L., яка домінувала на дослідній території (липово-ясенева діброва зі Stellaria holostea L.), де був внесений Cd у вигляді солі Cd(NO3)2 у спектрі концентрацій 0,25, 1,25 та 2,50 г/м2, що еквівалентно включенню Cd 1, 5 та 10 доз ГДК. З’ясовано каталізацію (P < 0,05) активності АСТ у 2,6–3,0 рази (на фоні 1 та 5 ГДК) та вмісту альбумінів на 37% (на фоні 10 ГДК) відносно контролю (ділянка без забруднення Cd та екскреторної функції ссавців). Залучення екскретів Capreolus capreolus L. сприяло нівелюванню токсичної дії Cd та відновленню функціонального метаболізму активності АСТ на 23% (на фоні Cd 1 ГДК), на 34% (Cd 5 ГДК), що довело протекторну функцію ссавців та їх нівелювальний вплив в умовах даних концентрацій Cd, тоді як за умов унесення максимальної дози Cd (10 ГДК) активність АСТ була інгібована утричі, токсична дія металу екскреторною функцією ссавців не зменшувалась. Спостерігали нормалізацію вмісту альбумінів на 22% відповідно в умовах Cd 1 ГДК за умов унесення екскретів Capreolus capreolus L. та до контрольного рівня за умов унесення екскретів Sus scrofa L. на фоні Cd 10 ГДК, що доводить необхідність використання представників ссавців для інтегрованої та всебічної нормалізації екосистем, порушених впливом важких металів.
Hybrid Nanostructured Materials Obtained from Ti-Oxo
Nanobuilding Blocks
Authors: Sanchez Clément , Soler-Illia Galo J. De A. A. , Rozes Laurence , Caminade Anne-M. , Turrin Cédric-O. , Majoral Jean-P. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTMesostructured titanium-oxo/polymer hybrids were obtained by using
Ti16O16(OEt)32 (TS) clusters or by aging
solutions of Ti alkoxides as precursors. Dendrimers or PEO-based surfactants
were used as templating agents. Solids were characterised by XRD, TEM, FTIR
and multinuclear liquid and solid (MAS) NMR spectroscopy. Two synthetic
approaches are described. In the alkoxide-based systems, the control of the
high reactivities of the Ti (IV) metal centers, is essential to obtain
ordered mesophases. The assembly of nanobuilding blocks (ANBB) permits to
circumvent this high reactivity by using pre-formed Ti-oxo entities. The use
of versatile functionalised dendrimers permits to control the reactivity at
the surface of the cluster, giving birth to novel ordered architectures.
Post-Hunton: Reclaiming Our Integrity and Literature
Authors: Stone Dan N. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT
A Bentley University investigation of allegations of data fabrication by Jim Hunton concludes that “[t]he whole body of Dr. Hunton's extensive research while a faculty member at Bentley University must now be considered suspect” (Malone 2014, 5). Jim served as president of the Information Systems (IS) Section of the American Accounting Association (AAA) in 2002–2003, and is the most cited author in the Journal of Information Systems (JIS) (Guffey and Harp 2013). This essay is a personal reflection on, with proposed lessons for the AIS community from, the Hunton fraud. These include developing skepticism, recognizing the limited usefulness of Cressey's fraud “stump” (formerly triangle), noting the dysfunctional implications of agency theory, and adopting contemplative practices designed to increase observational awareness.
Microshear Bond Strength of Resin Cements to Lithium Disilicate Substrates as a Function of Surface Preparation
Authors: Lise DP , Perdigão J , Van Ende A , Zidan O , Lopes GC 
Published: March 2015

SUMMARY

Objectives
To investigate the effect of hydrofluoric acid (HF) etching, silane solution, and adhesive system application on the microshear bond strength (μSBS) of lithium disilicate glass-ceramic (LD) to three resin cements.

Materials and Methods
Circular bonding areas were delimited on the lithium disilicate surfaces using a perforated adhesive tape. Specimens were assigned to 18 subgroups (n=12) according to surface treatment: NT = no treatment; HF = 4.8% HF for 20 seconds; silane solution: (1) no silane; (2) Monobond Plus, a silane/10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate solution for 60 seconds; (3) Monobond Plus+ExciTE F DSC, a dual-cure adhesive; and resin cement: (1) Variolink II, a bisphenol A diglycidyl ether dimethacrylate (bis-GMA)–based, hand-mixed, dual-cure resin cement; (2) Multilink Automix, a bis-GMA–based, auto-mixed, dual-cure resin cement; (3) RelyX Unicem 2, a self-adhesive, auto-mixed, dual-cure resin cement. Tygon tubes (Ø=0.8 mm) were used as cylinder matrices for resin cement application. After 24 hours of water storage, the specimens were submitted to the μSBS test. Mode of failure was evaluated under an optical microscope and classified as adhesive, mixed, cohesive in resin cement, or cohesive in ceramic. Data were statistically analyzed with three-way analysis of variance and Dunnett test (p&lt;0.05).

Results
When means were pooled for the factor surface treatment, HF resulted in a significantly higher μSBS than did NT (p&lt;0.0001). Regarding the use of a silane solution, the mean μSBS values obtained with Monobond Plus and Monobond Plus+ExciTE F DSC were not significantly different but were higher than those obtained with no silane (p&lt;0.001). Considering the factor resin cement, Variolink II resulted in a significantly higher mean μSBS than did RelyX Unicem 2 (p&lt;0.03). The mean μSBS for Multilink Automix was not significantly different from those of Variolink II and RelyX Unicem 2. According to Dunnett post hoc test (p&lt;0.05), there was no significant difference in μSBS between the different resin cements for HF-etched and silanized (with or without adhesive application) LD surfaces.

Conclusion
LD may benefit from pretreatment of the inner surface with HF and silanization, regardless of the resin cement used.
Dissimilation of soil humus in forest with pure stands and its relationship with other bio-chemical properties in the semi-arid windy region of the Loess Plateau, China
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxi , Liu Zengwen , Bing Yuanhao , Zhu Bochao , Trung Luc Nhu , Chen Kehao 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Dissimilation of soil humus in 7 typical forests with pure stands in the semiarid windy region of the Loess Plateau in China was investigated. In addition, its relationships with other bio-chemical characteristics were assessed by canonical correlation analysis. The results was as follows: (1) Pinus tabuliformis Carrière forest had the lowest humus content and the worst stability among 7 forests with pure stands; Populus simonii Carrière forest had low humus content and worse stability; Robinia pseudoacacia L. forest had moderate humus content but the best stability; Salix matsudana Koidz. forest had moderate humus content and bad stability; Hippophae rhamnoides L. forest had high humus content and the best stability; Caragana microphylla Lam. forest had high humus content and moderate stability; Amorpha fruticosa L. forest had the highest humus content and benign stability; (2) Large microbial biomass and sufficient available P would accelerate the formation of humic acid and fulvic acid, respectively. High available N, P and Fe contents and high urease and protease activity were conducive to increase the humus stability. The particularity of community environment and litter properties of pure stands were identified as the key reasons for the humus dissimilation, thus mixed-reformation or establishing ground vegetation would be feasible ways to improve humus properties in forest with pure stands.
Assessing the pre-REDD policies of countries with substantial forest area growth
Authors: Hu Xin , Hodges Donald G. , Shi Guoqing 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Based on the method of Compensated Successful Efforts, this paper proposes a structural variables model to assess pre-REDD+ (Reducing Emission from Deforestation and Degradation plus) policies; selecting economic development, population growth, initial forest area, agricultural commodity export prices, and timber prices as structural variables, and empirically analyzes 11 high-forest-growth countries’ policies from 1992 to 2011. Results show that the forest area growth rate was negatively correlated with the initial forest area and agricultural commodities export prices, and positively correlated with population density, GDP per capita, and timber export prices. China and India’s entity fixed effects are more significant; in different periods the rate of actual forest area growth exceeded that of structural forest area growth in 11 countries. Overall, Compensated Successful Efforts proved to be useful for evaluating the effects of the high forest area growth country policies. Regardless, these countries should join REDD+ organizations and continue enhancing their forest management and increasing forest area. As part of this effort, REDD+ negotiations should consider fully compensation mechanisms for these countries to attract more countries and promote the progress of international climate negotiations.
Diquat-induced cytotoxicity on Vero and HeLa cell lines: effect of melatonin and dihydromelatonin
Authors: Moravčík Roman , Okuliarová Monika , Kováčová Elena , Zeman Michal 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT
Diquat dibromide is a moderately toxic contact herbicide belonging to the bipyridyl group of redox-active compounds that induce a strong oxidative damage. Melatonin (MEL) can protect against oxidative damage under in vivo conditions, probably through its antioxidative capacity and ability to induce expression of anti-oxidative enzymes. The objective of this study was to investigate effects of diquat on viability of Vero and HeLa cells and possible protective effects of MEL and its analogue 2,3-dihydromelatonin (DMEL). Cell viability was evaluated with the MTT test. First, we analyzed dose-dependent effects of diquat on cell viability using the concentration range of 0.1-100 μM. Second, we used the diquat dose which reduced cell viability by 50% and treated cells with either MEL or DMEL (both in the concentration range of 1-100 μM) in the presence or absence of diquat. In addition, effects of both diquat and MEL on oxidative stress in HeLa cells were measured by flow cytometry using 2’,7’-dichlorofluorescin diacetate. We confirmed the expected negative effects of diquat on viability of Vero and HeLa cells. Melatonin and DMEL were able to prevent diquat reduced viability of Vero cells in rather low concentrations (1 μM) and DMEL exerted substantially stronger protective effects than MEL. However in HeLa cells, we did not find the same effects and MEL even reduced their viability. Moreover, treatment of HeLa cells with high concentrations of MEL (100 μM) exaggerated the pro-oxidative effects of diquat. The results suggest that in addition to the expected anti-oxidative effects, MEL exerts a pro-oxidative action which is cell type and dose dependent
Apoprotein(A) Isoforms Risk Factors for Atherogenesis in Esrd Patients on Haemodialysis
Authors: Labudovic Danica , Tosheska-Trajkovska Katerina , Alabakovska Sonja 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Introduction. End-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients undergoing hemodialysis are at an increased risk of arteriosclerotic vascular disease (ASVD). The increased risk is commonly attributed to the traditional risk factors related to ESRD. However, interest for more recent risk factors for ASVD, such as the level of lipoprotein(a) and its specific apoprotein(a) has been promoted. The aim of this paper is to determine whether apo(a) phenotype is a risk factor for arteriosclerotic vascular disease in ESRD patients who are on hemodialysis.
Methods. Apo(a) phenotypisation was performed by using the Western Blot Technique of blood samples from 96 end-stage renal disease patients who were undergoing hemodialysis, and from 100 healthy individuals.
Results. Frequency distribution of the basic apo(a) isoforms calculated by means of the χ2-test has shown that there was no significant statistical difference in distribution among patients on hemodialysis, and healthy carriers (χ2-0.36, p<0.548-for carriers of single apo(a) isoforms, (χ2-0.10, p<0.7545-for carriers of double apo(a) isoforms). The calculated relative risks have demonstrated that apo(a) phenotype was not a risk factor for ASVD in HD patients.
Conclusion. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that the apo(a) phenotype is not a risk factor for arteriosclerotic vascular disease in patients undergoing hemodialysis.
Comparison of the Responsiveness of the Long-Form and Simplified Stroke Rehabilitation Assessment of Movement: Group- and Individual-Level Analysis
Authors: Huang Yi-Jing , Chen Kuan-Lin , Chou Yeh-Tai , Hsueh I-Ping , Hou Chieh-Yi , Hsieh Ching-Lin 
Published: March 2015

BackgroundThe group-level responsiveness of the original, 30-item Stroke Rehabilitation Assessment of Movement measure (STREAM-30) is similar to that of the simplified STREAM (STREAM-15), even though the STREAM-30 has twice as many items as those of the STREAM-15.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to compare the responsiveness of the STREAM-30 and STREAM-15 at both group and individual levels in patients with stroke. For the latter level, the Rasch-calibrated 27-item STREAM (STREAM-27) was used because the individual-level indexes of the STREAM-30 could not be estimated.DesignA repeated-measurements design was used. In total, 195 patients were assessed with the STREAM-30 at both admission and discharge.MethodsThe Rasch scores of the STREAM-27 and STREAM-15 were estimated from the participants' responses on the STREAM-30. We calculated the paired t-test value, effect size, and standardized response mean as the indexes of group-level responsiveness. The significance of change for each participant was estimated as the individual-level responsiveness index, and the paired t test and test of marginal homogeneity were used for individual-level comparisons between the STREAM-27 and STREAM-15.ResultsAt the group level, the STREAM-30, STREAM-27, and STREAM-15 showed sufficient and comparable responsiveness. At the individual level, the STREAM-27 detected significantly more participants with significant improvement and fewer participants with no change or deterioration compared with the STREAM-15.LimitationsFew patients with subacute stroke showed deterioration at discharge, so the abilities of the 2 measures to detect deterioration remain inconclusive.ConclusionsThe STREAM-27 detected more participants with significant recovery compared with the STREAM-15, although the group-level responsiveness of the 2 measures was the same. The STREAM-27 is recommended as an outcome measure to demonstrate the treatment effects of movement and mobility for patients with stroke.
Utilizing India’s One Billion Dollar Line of Credit Budhi Gandaki, Mahakali III and Bridge over Mahakali – Projects Born and Bred at Singha Durbar?
Authors: Pun S. B. 
Published: March 2015

When India’s Prime Minister Narendra Modi offered Nepal $1 billion USD line of credit in August 2014, many Nepalese believed this would be utilized to implement the stalled 6,480 MW Pancheshwar Multipurpose Project. During the September 1996 Mahakali Treaty ratification, the Pancheshwar Project was claimed to make the ‘sun rise from the west’ for Nepal! In fact, the joint press release of the two prime ministers did stress to ‘finalise the DPR of Pancheshwar Development Project and begin implementation of the Project within one year.’ However, it was reported that, India’s External Affairs Secretary, Ms. Sujata Mehta, visited Nepal in November2014 and ‘concluded the terms and conditions for the credit line.’ While there was no word on the Pancheshwar Multipurpose Project, the Budhi Gandaki Hydropower Project suddenly raised its head with the government’s own finance minister strongly justifying it. Similarly, the Mahakali III Irrigation Project from the Tanakpur Barrage and amulti-lane motorable bridge over Mahakali River were also identified as projects to be funded through the Indian line of credit. This article examines the background of these three projects (Budhi Gandaki, Mahakali III, and bridge over Mahakali) and questions whether they were truly born in Singha Durbar, or further away in Delhi.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v16i0.12211HYDRO Nepal Journal of Water Energy and EnvironmentIssue No: 16 January, 2015Page: 1-6Uploaded date: March 1, 2015
Estimating Tunnel Strain in Weak and Schistose Rock Mass under a State of in-situ Stress Anisotropy
Authors: Shrestha Pawan Kumar , Panthi Krishna Kanta 
Published: March 2015

Tunnels excavated in weak and schistose rock mass below high overburden (rock cover) are prone to instability in the form of tunnel deformation. The deformation in the tunnel takes place to such an extent that it is irreversible and of significant magnitude, which is often known as tunnel squeezing. In order to limit such plastic deformation in tunnels, it is desirable that the response of the rock mass to induced stresses is known so that requirement of rock support can be estimated. Contrary to the assumption of uniform in-situ stresses made in analytical solutions for elasto-plastic analyses, large degree of stress anisotropy condition prevails in most tunnelling conditions. The effect of such anisotropic stress condition leads to varying degrees of deformations around the tunnel contour. Therefore, stress anisotropy is also an important factor that needs to be addressed to ensure a proper support design for tunnels. This paper discusses the inter-relationship among rock mass property, in-situ stresses including horizontal to vertical stress ratio, tunnel support pressure and deformation. The study is based on the tunnel cases from the Nepal Himalaya. Three completed tunnel projects were selected, where moderate to large tunnel deformations had been recorded. Long term deformation records were analyzed to assess time independent and time dependent deformations. Results of the analyses of the tunnels in weak and schistose rock mass at stress anisotropy states show that a good correlation among tunnel strain, rock mass shear modulus, support pressure, vertical stress and stress ratio of horizontal to vertical stresses exists. Moreover, the study also shows that significant amount of time dependent deformation can occur in such weak rock mass. Such deformation was found to be high in schist and micaceous phyllite, moderate in graphitic phyllite and low in siliceous phyllite. The suggested relationships can be used as a basis for an early estimate of instantaneous and final deformations and the corresponding requirement of support pressures in tunnel walls in weak and schistose rock mass.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v16i0.12212HYDRO Nepal Journal of Water Energy and EnvironmentIssue. 16, 2015 January Page: 7-13 Upload date: March 1, 2015