bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HIV incident infections during pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use in Wroclaw, Poland, 2017–2023: a real-life experience
Authors: Szetela Bartosz , Serwin Karol , Bozejko Mateusz , Zinczuk Aleksander , Zielinska Kamila , Lapinski Lukasz , Szymczak Aleksandra , Urbanska Anna , Gąsiorowski Jacek , Parczewski Miłosz 
Published: February 2025

ObjectivesThe efficacy of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) relies on adherence to effective regimens. As data on real-life PrEP roll-out and efficacy from Central and Eastern Europe are scarce, we explored the HIV incident infections among PrEP users in an observational cohort in Poland.MethodsA cohort of 887 men having sex with men (MSM) on generic emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil (FTC/TDF) were followed for a cumulative 2587 person years (PY). HIV infection was confirmed using molecular and immunoassays, with subtype and genotyping performed at diagnosis. For phylogenetic analysis, we used 2087 HIV-1 A6 partialpolsequences from Poland as background.ResultsNine (1%) PrEP users acquired HIV during the follow-up period. The estimated HIV incidence was 0.347 per 100 PY, with a relative risk reduction of 90.9%. All users who acquired HIV were cisgender white MSM of European origin (median age: 35.5 years). The majority (eight out of nine) used PrEP on demand (ie, 2-1-1 schedule), with one using PrEP only before receptive and not insertive sexual contacts and seven skipping the double dose. Infections occurred due to inadequate PrEP dosing. In five (55.6%) and four (44.4%) users, subtypes B and A6 were acquired, respectively, with no drug resistance. Each of the four A6 sub-subtypes belonged to distinct clusters. Three of them had distinct regional origins within Poland and one in Ukraine. Users were started on tenofovir alafenamide/emtricitabine/bictegravir at a median of 10.5 days from diagnosis and reached undetectable viral load (<50 copies/mL) at a median of 63 days.ConclusionsOverall, FTC/TDF PrEP was very effective, with failures occurring due to suboptimal adherence to on-demand dosing. Effective communication of HIV-related risks and clear instructions on how to use on-demand PrEP without missing doses should be provided to PrEP users. Despite the lack of transmitted drug resistance, we noted a higher number of infections with the A6 subtype and independent lineage introductions.
Kinetic and equilibrium investigation of the lead (II) adsorption via orange peel and lemon peel: realistic adsorption design for poly(limonene) framework
Authors: Abouzeid F.M.A. , El-Sayed Doaa.S. 
Published: February 2025

A laboratory investigation was performed to regulate the physicochemical attributes—geomorphological and organizational, kinetic estates, and purposeful groups—of orange ( Citrus × sinensis) and lemon ( Citrus × limon) with a view toward a prospective adsorbent of toxic lead ions from aquatic solution. Outcomes demonstrated that optimal requirements for the Pb (II) removal are a preliminary concentration of 50 mg/L, an adsorbent mass of 0.2 g, and 6 and 4.4 as pH for orange peel and lemon peel, respectively. The investigational statistics were discussed via Freundlich, Langmuir, and D–R isotherm. Equilibrium statistics matched appropriately via Langmuir typical with a qmax of 16.76 mg/g for orange peel and 76.92 mg/g for lemon peel. The kinetic adsorption process was inspected and was adequately accomplished via a second-order equivalence. The characterization of lemon peel and orange peel was examined with a scanning electron microscope, Vis-IR spectroscopy, and GC-mass. The Pb(II) adsorption spontaneity onto orange peel is enhanced by enhancing temperature. The positive ∆ H° (53.76 kJ/mol) estimate implies an endothermic system. The positive ∆ S° (180.41 J/mol) estimate implies an enhanced randomness on the solid/liquid periphery during adsorption. In the case of lemon peel, the Pb(II) adsorption spontaneity is reduced by temperature. The negative ∆ H° (−32.71 kJ/mol) estimate implied an exothermic adsorption nature. The ∆ S° parameter was (−70.17 J/mol.K) for lemon peel, indicating that the Pb(II) in the bulk phase was more disorderly. Scanning electron microscopy exhibits a distinctive development in the adsorbent surface. The removal efficiency reached 92.34 and 90.4 for lemon peel and orange peel, respectively, at 0.2 mol/L KOH. Molecular electrostatic potential, frontier molecular orbital, and the density of states analysis were conducted to investigate the important active sites on the adsorption.
Chromosome identification of Medicago polymorpha by oligonucleotide-based FISH
Authors: Cheng Min , Xu Jia , Li Ying , Jian Yaling , Yu Feng 
Published: February 2025

Medicago polymorpha (2 n = 2 x = 14) is a valuable forage legume, but the identification of its somatic chromosomes has been challenging due to a lack of distinctive chromosome morphological features. With appropriate probes, oligonucleotide-based FISH is a highly effective method for chromosome identification. However, there are no available probes for M. polymorpha. In this study, we isolated five tandem repeats from the M. polymorpha genome, named Mp51, Mp139, Mp167, Mp179, and Mp497. Mp51 showed two pairs of signals located at the pericentromere. Mp139 exhibited four pairs of signals, located at the pericentromere and short arm of chromosomes. Mp167 and Mp179 showed seven pairs of signals, respectively, concentrated in the pericentromere. Mp497 exhibited three pairs of signals, distributed across the pericentromere and proximal position of the chromosomes. The combined FISH results of Mp51 and Mp139 oligo probes with 5S rDNA and 18S-26S rDNA probes demonstrated distinct signal patterns for each chromosome, enabling the precise identification of all chromosome pairs. Finally, the visual identification of M. polymorpha chromosomes was resolved. This will provide useful cytological information for studying the chromosomal structure and behavior of M. polymorpha.
Unveiling the composition of the single-charm molecular pentaquarks: insights from radiative decay and magnetic moment
Authors: Wang Fu-Lai , Luo Si-Qiang , Liu Xiang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In order to unravel the composition of the isoscalar DN,

$$D^*N,$$

D
∗

N
,

$$D_1N,$$

D
1

N
,

and

$$D_2^*N$$

D
2
∗

N

molecular pentaquarks, we carry out a systematic investigation of their M1 and E1 radiative decays and magnetic moment properties. Using the constituent quark model and taking into account the S–D wave mixing effect and the coupled channel effect, our analysis yields numerical results indicating that the M1 and E1 radiative decays and the magnetic moment properties of these molecular pentaquarks provide some insights into their inner structures. These results can provide crucial clues for distinguishing their spin-parity quantum numbers and configurations in experimental studies. In addition, we highlight the importance of the electromagnetic properties as key observables for elucidating the inner structures of the observed

$$\Lambda _c^{+} (2940)$$

Λ
c
+

(
2940
)

and

$$\Lambda _c^{+} (2910).$$

Λ
c
+

(
2910
)

.

We hope that these findings can inspire our experimental colleagues to further explore the family of the single-charm molecular pentaquarks and to investigate the inner structures of the

$$\Lambda _c^{+} (2940)$$

Λ
c
+

(
2940
)

and

$$\Lambda _c^{+} (2910)$$

Λ
c
+

(
2910
)

in future studies.
An Empirical Study of Code Simplification Methods in Code Intelligence Tasks
Authors: Shen Zongwen , Li Yuning , Ge Jidong , Chen Xiang , Li Chuanyi , Huang Liguo , Luo Bin 
Published: February 2025

In recent years, pre-trained language models have seen significant success in natural language processing and have been increasingly applied to code-related tasks. Code intelligence tasks have shown promising performance with the support of code pre-trained language models. Pre-processing code simplification methods have been introduced to prune code tokens from the model’s input while maintaining task effectiveness. These methods improve the efficiency of code intelligence tasks while reducing computational costs. Post-prediction code simplification methods provide explanations for code intelligence task outcomes, enhancing the reliability and interpretability of model predictions. However, comprehensive evaluations of these methods across diverse code pre-trained model architectures and code intelligence tasks are lacking. To assess the effectiveness of code simplification methods, we conduct an empirical study integrating these code simplification methods with various pre-trained code models across multiple code intelligence tasks.
Our empirical findings suggest that developing task-specific code simplification methods would be beneficial. Then, we recommend leveraging post-prediction methods to summarize prior knowledge, which can pre-process code simplification strategies. Moreover, establishing more evaluation mechanisms for code simplification is crucial. Finally, we propose incorporating code simplification methods into the pre-training phase of code pre-trained models to enhance their program comprehension and code representation capabilities.
ZIF‐8 Selective Dispersive Solid‐Phase Extraction‐LC‐MS/MS Method for the Determination of Aconitine alkaloids in Rat Plasma: Application in Pharmacokinetic Studies
Authors: Yang Yang , Renyan Liu , Lingyi Xin , Baodong Feng , Yu Zhang , Linqi Su , Tingwen Ming , Jingjian Liu , Qinhua Chen 
Published: February 2025

Objective: Aconitine alkaloids, as the principal bioactive constituents of Fuzi, pose a significant challenge to its clinical application due to their toxicity. This study aimed to establish a rapid, efficient, and stable method for quantifying monoester‐type and diester‐type alkaloids in raw Fuzi using zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 (ZIF‐8). The method was subsequently applied to pharmacokinetic studies in rats, offering valuable insights into the safe clinical use of Fuzi.Methods: Synthetic ZIF‐8 was employed as the microextraction adsorbent, with optimization of extraction parameters such as ZIF‐8 content, shaker speed, extraction time, and sodium ion concentration to maximize enrichment efficiency. A dispersive solid‐phase extraction–liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (d‐SPE–LC–MS/MS) method, based on ZIF‐8, was developed and validated for method performance. The pharmacokinetics of five aconitine alkaloids in Fuzi were investigated, ensuring efficient extraction and analysis.Results: Under the optimized conditions, the d‐SPE method demonstrated robust enrichment of aconitine alkaloids. A strong linear relationship was established for aconitine, hypaconitine, mesaconitine, lappaconitine, and benzoylaconitine within the concentration range of 0.3125–1000 ng/mL, with correlation coefficients exceeding 0.99. The LC–MS/MS assay achieved a detection limit as low as 0.104 ng/mL. Additionally, the pharmacokinetic analysis revealed rapid absorption of the five alkaloids, with benzoylaconitine exhibiting a Tmax of 0.25 h.Conclusion: This study introduces a novel d‐SPE–LC–MS/MS method based on ZIF‐8 for the analysis of aconitine alkaloids in plasma, facilitating pharmacokinetic studies of Fuzi. These findings substantially contribute to a deeper understanding of the in vivo pharmacokinetics of aconitine alkaloids.
Infant Gut Microbiota and Childhood Blood Pressure: Prospective Associations and the Modifying Role of Breastfeeding
Authors: Liu Tiange , Stokholm Jakob , Zhang Mingyu , Vinding Rebecca , Sørensen Søren J. , Zhao Ni , Mueller Noel T. 
Published: February 2025

Background
Germ‐free mice experiments indicate that human gut microbiota influence blood pressure (BP), but no studies have prospectively examined if infant gut microbiota affects their future childhood BP. We aim to investigate prospective associations of infant gut microbiota diversity and composition with childhood BP, examining effect measure modification by breastfeeding and mediation by a child's body mass index.

Methods and Results

In the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood 2010 cohort, we measured infant gut microbiota (16S rRNA V4) at 1 week, 1 month, and 1 year and child BP at 3 and 6 years. We assessed α diversity‐BP, β diversity‐BP, and microbe abundances‐BP associations using linear regression, permutational multivariate analysis of variance, and beta‐binomial count regression, respectively. Data from 526 children showed that α diversity and several
Bifidobacterium
spp. had protective associations with BP but only in children breastfed for ≥6 months. For instance, a 1‐unit increment in 1 month Shannon index was associated with 1.86 mm Hg (95% CI, 0.66–3.05) lower 6‐year systolic BP in children breastfed ≥6 months but a 0.73 (95% CI, −1.00 to 2.45) higher 6‐year systolic BP in those breastfed <6 months (
P
‐interaction=0.02). Greater abundance of 2
Bifidobacterium
microbes at 1 week was negatively associated with 6‐year systolic BP when breastfeeding ≥6 months (
P
‐interaction<0.1). Further, abundance of 8 microbes at 1week or 1 month was linked to 3‐year or 6‐year BP (false discovery rate
P
<0.05), with 5 of them independent of a child's body mass index. Lastly, 1‐week unweighted UniFrac distance and 1‐year weighted UniFrac distance were associated with BP after adjustment (
P
<0.05).

Conclusions

Gut microbiota features at 1 week and 1 month of life were associated with BP at 6 years. Breastfeeding duration modified key associations including those for α diversity and
Bifidobacteria
.
Near-Resonance between the Shelf Ocean and Semidiurnal Atmospheric Tidal Winds
Authors: Wei Hsu Fucent Hsuan , Schlichting Dylan , Shearman R. Kipp , Nash Jonathan D. , Hetland Robert D. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This manuscript illustrates the resonance between continental shelf oceans and the semidiurnal atmospheric tidal wind, explaining O(10−2) m semidiurnal sea surface height (SSH) variations in detided datasets. The resonance, similar to amplification of semidiurnal oceanic tides on the gentle and wide shelf, results in pronounced, offshore-attenuated standing waves on the shelf which is driven by the cross-shore pressure gradient force, Coriolis force, and the rotary wind stress. Observations and numerical results from the Texas-Louisiana shelf confirm this mechanism, where a significant presence of the semidiurnal tidal wind couples with O(10−2) m s−1 ocean currents, influencing SSH distribution and sustaining the wave structure. The consistency of the interaction and momentum budgets with the analytical solution suggests the robustness of the semidiurnal atmospheric tidal wind interacting with the shelf ocean. Notably, these findings suggest that similar resonances could occur on other gentle shelves known for enhancing semidiurnal oceanic tides and contribute 3 to 10% of the wind work.
Association of gray and white matter volumes, clinical features, neurofilament light chain, and glial fibrillary acidic protein in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
Authors: Esgul Neslihan , Orhan Varoglu Asuman , Baysal Begumhan 
Published: February 2025

Background Numerous studies have examined the prognosis of patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Purpose To seek a relationship between the gray matter/white matter (GM/WM) volume ratio, clinical features, neurofilament light chain (NfL), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in RRMS. Material and Methods A total of 61 patients aged 18–70 years with RRMS and 20 controls were included. Neurological examinations were noted at the first attack and last visit. Blood samples were taken in remission. Results Patients’ WM volume was lower and the GM/WM volume ratio was larger than in the controls ( P < 0.001). Patients’ WM correlated with GM volume ( P < 0.001, r = 0.608). WM correlated with GM/WM volume ratio ( P < 0.001, r = −0.632). For NfL and GFAP, no difference was found between patients and controls. Patients’ NfL correlated with GFAP ( P < 0.001, r = 0.452). Age and disease duration were correlated with Gfap ( P < 0.001, r = 0.434; P < 0.002, r = 0.381). No correlation was found between NfL/GFAP levels and all volumetric measurements of patients. Higher Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), lower GM and WM volumes, and greater GM/WM volume ratio were detected in patients with the first pyramidal findings ( P < 0.001). Conclusion Patients’ NfL and GFAP levels were lower than in controls and did not correlate with all volumes. GFAP is more informative, particularly in patients of advanced age and those with longstanding diseases. Higher EDSS and decreased GM and WM volumes were seen in patients with pyramidal symptoms at the first attack.
Predictive models on patients’ eligibility for peritoneal dialysis
Authors: Yang Yang , Chen Helen H. , Quinn Robert R. , Dubin Joel A. , Oliver Matthew J. 
Published: February 2025

Background Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is being promoted because it is cost-effective and has equivalent outcomes to facility-based hemodialysis (HD). Determining PD eligibility is critical but subjective, with high variability among renal programs. This study aimed to establish a predictive model for PD eligibility among individuals who started treatment with HD. A secondary objective was to identify predictors of PD eligibility and determine if eligible patients went on to receive PD. Methods This retrospective cohort study included individuals starting HD at multiple hospitals in Alberta, Canada, as part of the START program between 1 October 2016 and 31 March 2018. Twenty-seven predictors, including patient characteristics, laboratory values, and comorbidities, were considered in logistic regression modeling. The outcome variable was PD eligibility, as determined by a standardized interdisciplinary assessment. The model selection was based on the Akaike information criterion. The confusion matrix was used for each model to compare the predicted versus observed eligibility. The final model was calibrated and presented. Results Among the 598 participants, 391 (65.4%) were considered eligible for PD. The logistic regression model achieved a modest performance in discriminating patients who were eligible for PD, with a high sensitivity of 91.3%, an accuracy of 0.68 (95% CI, 0.65–0.72), and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve ranging from 0.69 to 0.71. Age (OR = 0.98; 95% CI, 0.97–0.99), body mass index (OR = 0.95; 95% CI, 0.93–0.97), starting dialysis in intensive care unit (OR = 0.53; 95% CI, 0.31–0.92), and polycystic kidney disease (OR = 0.37; 95% CI, 0.13–0.99) were statistically significant factors associated with a lower likelihood of being considered eligible for PD. Out of the 391 eligible PD patients, 87 (22.3%) received PD treatment within 6 months of starting HD. Conclusions The majority of patients starting HD were considered eligible for PD. Our model exhibits a high level of sensitivity and could serve as a valuable tool for screening potential candidates following the commencement of HD.
Can One Donation a Day Keep Depression Away? Three Randomized Controlled Trials of an Online Micro-Charitable Giving Intervention
Authors: Zhang Yuyang , Jiang Qianyu , Luo Yushen , Liu Jinting 
Published: February 2025

Prosocial interventions grounded in social interactions have shown limited effectiveness in alleviating depressive symptoms, possibly because of the discomfort and unease that depressed individuals experience during such interactions. We developed and examined an innovative prosocial intervention—an online micro-charitable giving intervention, in which individuals voluntarily donated at least one Chinese cent (¥0.01, or about $0.0014) daily. We conducted three preregistered, 2-month randomized controlled trials with depressed individuals (Sample 1: N = 125, Sample 2: N = 296, Sample 3: N = 462). Results showed that, compared with the waitlist group, the intervention group exhibited significantly greater improvements in both depressive symptoms (Cohen’s ds = −0.19 to −0.46) and emotional positivity (Cohen’s ds = 0.22 to 0.49), and that emotional positivity mediated the intervention’s effect on the reduction of depressive symptoms. Exploratory analysis found a slightly larger intervention effect for generous donors than for minimal donors. This low-cost, easily accessible prosocial intervention holds potential for the prevention of depression. [Box: see text]
Coming to terms with a changing everyday life with dementia: What can we learn from people who are diagnosed while still working?
Authors: Nygård Louise , Nedlund Ann-Charlotte , Issakainen Mervi , Astell Arlene , Boger Jenifer , Mäki-Petäjä-Leinonen Anna , Engvall Ann-Louise , Heuchemer Birgit , Rosenberg Lena , Ryd Charlotta 
Published: February 2025

Objective The study’s aim was to better understand how persons, diagnosed with dementia while still working, strived to make sense of and come to terms with their changing everyday lives during the process of exiting work life. Methods The study has an explorative, longitudinal design, following five persons who developed dementia while still working, with repeated, qualitative, in-depth interviews. Comparative analyses were combined with an interpretative approach, using the concepts doing, being, becoming and belonging. Results Three overarching themes were created: i/Finding out an orientation to continued activity engagement, ii/ Relating to the diagnosis and available dementia specific activities, and iii/ Managing wellbeing and information related to health care. Findings illuminate how participants sought avenues for continued activity engagement in everyday life, based on their perceptions of what they were able to do, who they wanted to be and become, and where they felt they belonged. Conclusion The participants’ agency came through strongly in their efforts to come to terms with changes in everyday life in their work and private lives, as well as with health care and dementia associations, underscoring that agency is vital and possible to support in persons with early-stage dementia.