bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Border Regimes and Human Rights
Authors: Miller David 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
This article argues that there is no human right to cross borders without
impediment. Receiving states, however, must recognize the procedural rights of
those unable to protect their human rights in the place where they currently
reside. Asylum claims must be properly investigated, and in the event that the
state declines to admit them as refugees, it must ensure that the third country
to which they are transferred can protect their rights. Both procedural and
substantive rights apply while refugees are physically present in the
state’s territory and their immigration status is being investigated. The
state’s obligation to protect these rights arises from the power it
exercises over them. In contrast, the state does not exercise equivalent power
over those it declines to admit in the first place, even though its immigration
criteria – if discriminatory in the negative sense – can be
faulted on other grounds. Beneath these arguments lie two basic assumptions: one
is the need to separate human rights claims from other claims of justice,
especially those deriving from citizenship; the other is the need to determine
who bears the obligations that correspond to these rights. Attention to the
different relations in which prospective immigrants may stand toward the state
they hope to enter can help us understand how border regimes may comply with, or
violate, human rights.
The Right against Interference: Human Rights and Legitimate Authority
Authors: Viehoff Daniel 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Among the functions of state borders is to delineate a domain within which outsiders may normally not interfere. But the human rights practice that has sprung up in recent decades has imposed significant limits on a state’s right against interference. This article considers the connection between human rights on the one hand and justified interference in the internal affairs of states on the other. States, this article argues, have a right against interference if and because they serve their subjects. Interference by outsiders threatens to set back their capacity to serve and thus ultimately harms those over whom the state exercises power. Human rights, in turn, circumscribe the outer limits of what any state can do while plausibly claiming to be serving its subjects. On this view, human rights are distinguished from other rights because they function as cancelling conditions on the state’s right against outside interference: while interfering in the internal affairs of a state normally wrongs that state, interfering where the state fails to respect human rights does not. Contrary to what is often thought, human rights violations do not justify outside interference. They merely make a state liable to such interference. The further considerations that must enter into an all things considered judgment in favor of interference are irrelevant for determining what human rights we have.
Factor-based forecasting in the presence of outliers: Are factors better selected and estimated by the median than by the mean?
Authors: Kristensen Johannes Tang 
Published: September 2013

AbstractMacroeconomic forecasting using factor models estimated by principal components has become a popular research topic with many both theoretical and applied contributions in the literature. In this paper we attempt to address an often neglected issue in these models: The problem of outliers in the data. Most papers take an ad-hoc approach to this problem and simply screen datasets prior to estimation and remove anomalous observations. We investigate whether forecasting performance can be improved by using the original unscreened dataset and replacing principal components with a robust alternative. We propose to use an estimator based on least absolute deviations (LAD) as this alternative and establish a tractable method for computing the estimator. In addition to this we demonstrate the robustness features of the estimator through a number of Monte Carlo simulation studies. Finally, we apply the estimator in a simulated real-time forecasting exercise to test its merits. We use a newly compiled dataset of US macroeconomic series spanning the period 1971:2–2012:10. Our findings suggest that the chosen treatment of outliers does affect forecasting performance and that in many cases improvements can be made using a robust estimator such as the proposed LAD estimator.
Approximation verteilt-parametrischer Systeme zweiter Ordnung mittels Krylov-Unterraummethoden / Approximation of Distributed-Parameter Second Order Systems Using Krylov Subspace Methods
Authors: Deutscher Joachim , Harkort Christian 
Published: September 2013

Zusammenfassung
Dieser Beitrag behandelt die Approximation linearer verteilt-parametrischer Systeme zweiter Ordnung mittels eines Galerkin-Ansatzes. Das resultierende endlich-dimensionale Approximationsmodell besitzt ebenfalls die Struktur zweiter Ordnung und ist wie das Originalsystem asymptotisch stabil und passiv. Es wird gezeigt, wie die Freiheitsgrade der Galerkin-Approximation zu wählen sind, um zusätzlich eine Momentenübereinstimmung mittels Krylov- Unterraummethoden zu erzielen. Für Systeme mit kollokierten Ein- und Ausgängen sowie für unterschiedliche Dämpfungen werden Vereinfachungen der Approximationsmethode vorgestellt. Die neue strukturerhaltende Approximation wird anhand eines Euler-Bernoulli-Balkens mit Kelvin-Voigt-Dämpfung veranschaulicht
Population Genetics and Molecular Evolution of DNA Sequences in Transposable Elements. I. A Simulation Framework
Authors: Kijima T E , Innan Hideki 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
A population genetic simulation framework is developed to understand the behavior and molecular evolution of DNA sequences of transposable elements. Our model incorporates random transposition and excision of transposable element (TE) copies, two modes of selection against TEs, and degeneration of transpositional activity by point mutations. We first investigated the relationships between the behavior of the copy number of TEs and these parameters. Our results show that when selection is weak, the genome can maintain a relatively large number of TEs, but most of them are less active. In contrast, with strong selection, the genome can maintain only a limited number of TEs but the proportion of active copies is large. In such a case, there could be substantial fluctuations of the copy number over generations. We also explored how DNA sequences of TEs evolve through the simulations. In general, active copies form clusters around the original sequence, while less active copies have long branches specific to themselves, exhibiting a star-shaped phylogeny. It is demonstrated that the phylogeny of TE sequences could be informative to understand the dynamics of TE evolution.
Synthetic Lethal Targeting of Superoxide Dismutase 1 Selectively Kills RAD54B-Deficient Colorectal Cancer Cells
Authors: Sajesh Babu V , Bailey Melanie , Lichtensztejn Zelda , Hieter Philip , McManus Kirk J 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Synthetic lethality is a rational approach to identify candidate drug targets for selective killing of cancer cells harboring somatic mutations that cause chromosome instability (CIN). To identify a set of the most highly connected synthetic lethal partner genes in yeast for subsequent testing in mammalian cells, we used the entire set of 692 yeast CIN genes to query the genome-wide synthetic lethal datasets. Hierarchical clustering revealed a highly connected set of synthetic lethal partners of yeast genes whose human orthologs are somatically mutated in colorectal cancer. Testing of a small matrix of synthetic lethal gene pairs in mammalian cells suggested that members of a pathway that remove reactive oxygen species that cause DNA damage would be excellent candidates for further testing. We show that the synthetic lethal interaction between budding yeast rad54 and sod1 is conserved within a human colorectal cancer context. Specifically, we demonstrate RAD54B-deficient cells are selectively killed relative to controls via siRNA-based silencing and chemical inhibition and further demonstrate that this interaction is conserved in an unrelated cell type. We further show that the DNA double strand breaks, resulting from increased reactive oxygen species following SOD1 inhibition, persist within the RAD54B-deficient cells and result in apoptosis. Collectively, these data identify SOD1 as a novel candidate cancer drug target and suggest that SOD1 inhibition may have broad-spectrum applicability in a variety of tumor types exhibiting RAD54B deficiencies.
Prevention of Traumatic Stress in Mothers With Preterm Infants: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Shaw Richard J. , St John Nick , Lilo Emily A. , Jo Booil , Benitz William , Stevenson David K. , Horwitz Sarah M. 
Published: September 2013

OBJECTIVE:The current study evaluates a treatment intervention developed with the goal of reducing symptoms of posttraumatic stress, depression, and anxiety in parents of premature infants.METHODS:A total of 105 mothers of preterm infants (25–34 weeks’ gestational age; &gt;600 g) were randomized to receive a 6-session intervention developed to target parental trauma as well as facilitate infant redefinition (n = 62) or to an active comparison group (n = 43). Mothers in the intervention group received a combination of trauma-focused treatments, including psychoeducation, cognitive restructuring, progressive muscle relaxation, and development of their trauma narrative. The intervention also incorporated material targeting infant redefinition, defined as the process of changing the mother’s negative perceptions of her infant and the parenting experience.RESULTS:Mothers in the intervention group reported a greater reduction in both trauma symptoms (Cohen’s d = 0.41, P = .023) and depression (Cohen’s d = 0.59, P &lt; .001) compared with the comparison group. Patients under both conditions improved significantly in terms of anxiety, with no differences between groups. Results of the moderator analysis showed that mothers with higher ratings of baseline NICU stress benefited more from the intervention compared with mothers who had lower ratings (P = .036).CONCLUSIONS:This short, highly manualized intervention for mothers of preterm infants statistically significantly reduced symptoms of trauma and depression. The intervention is feasible, can be delivered with fidelity, and has high ratings of maternal satisfaction. Given that improvements in mothers’ distress may lead to improved infant outcomes, this intervention has the potential for a high public health impact.
Anterior Crossbite, Dental Arch Dimensions, and Later Need for Orthognathic Surgery in 6-Year-Old Children with Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Heliövaara Arja , Leikola Junnu , Rautio Jorma 
Published: September 2013

Objective Six-year-old children with unilateral cleft lip and palate were examined to compare the prevalence of anterior crossbite and dental arch dimensions of those who later needed orthognathic surgery with the prevalence of those who did not. Design Retrospective longitudinal study. Patients A total of 68 consecutive nonsyndromic patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (44 boys, 24 girls). Main Outcome Measures Children with unilateral cleft lip and palate whose palates had been closed in one stage by the Veau-Wardill-Kilner or Cronin-Brauer V-Y pushback techniques were analyzed from dental casts taken at a mean age of 6.1 years (range, 5.7 to 6.8 years) before orthodontic treatment or bone grafting. The need for orthognathic surgery in these patients was determined from hospital records at the mean age of 18.2 years (range, 15.6 to 20.2 years). Student's t test and chi-square test were used in statistical analyses. Results The prevalence of anterior crossbite was 62% (one or both central incisors in full crossbite). The prevalence was higher (75% versus 53%) in children later needing orthognathic surgery (28 of 68, 41%), but the difference was not significant. Nor were there significant differences in dental arch measurements between children who later needed osteotomies and those who did not or between the two modifications of the primary palatal pushback operations. Conclusions The prevalence of anterior crossbite and the dental arch dimensions did not differ between 6-year-old children with unilateral cleft lip and palate who later needed orthognathic surgery and those who did not.
Cervical Spine Abnormalities in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome
Authors: Hamidi Moska , Nabi Shahin , Husein Murad , Mohamed Mohamed Elfrajni , Tay Keng Yeow , McKillop Scott 
Published: September 2013

Objective The 22q11.2 deletion syndrome is among the most common head-and-neck–related syndromes. The literature has examined many of the phenotypic features of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome; however, few studies have explored the manifestation of cervical spine abnormalities. In this study, we compared the cervical spines of individuals with and without 22q11.2 deletion syndrome using diagnostic imaging. Design A retrospective case-control study, with age- and sex-matched control participants who underwent flexion/extension x-rays and either a computed tomography or MRI scan. Setting Participants presented to the velopharyngeal insufficiency clinic at Victoria Hospital in London, Ontario, Canada, a tertiary care center. Participants Sixteen pediatric patients (age 18 at presentation) who had genetically confirmed 22q11.2 deletion syndrome were age- and sex-matched to 16 patients who presented with head and neck trauma without radiographic evidence of injury to the cervical spine. The mean age was 11.7 years (range, 2 to 21 years). Main Outcome Measure Radiographic evidence of cervical spine abnormalities ± evidence of instability. Results Patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome were significantly more likely to have an open posterior arch of C1 ( P < .0001), anterior arch cleft of C1 ( P < .0001), and platybasia ( P = .001). There was also a positive trend for fusion of the C2–C3 vertebrae ( P = .051). Conclusion Significant differences in radiographic cervical spine measurements were found between 22q11.2 deletion syndrome patients and controls. Cervical spine abnormalities are common phenotypic features of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, but the clinical consequences are poorly understood. Further investigation is necessary to understand the possible ramifications of these abnormalities, including precautions during medically necessary interventions, and lifestyle limitations for these individuals.
Anti-Vibration Sub Allows High Signal-To-Noise Ratio and Improved Borehole Quality
Authors: Bates P. C. , Bouziane C. , Nicholl D. , Teelken R. , Bin Bidi M. Z. , Schlichting F. , Benzamouche A. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
In 2010, the anti-vibration stabilizer was introduced as part of the drill string assembly to replace the traditional near bit stabilizer in Algeria. The tool acts like a stabilizer and centralizer while not generating the point loaded blade friction associated with traditional stabilizers. With 100% borehole contact, this tool has improved hole quality and reduced drilling vibrations in many applications.
There are three important vibrational phenomena that can affect drilling performance. Torsional relaxation oscillations induced by non-linear frictional torques between the drill-bit at the rock surface result in the phenomina known as torsional stick-slip. Axial vibrations induce the drill-bit to intermittently lose contact with the rock surface, which is known as bit-bounce. Lateral vibrations are the most destructive mode of vibration and create large shocks downhole by causing the Bottom Hole Assembly (BHA) components to impact the wellbore wall.
The anti-vibration sub is a tool designed to ensure efficient drilling by mitigating lateral vibrations as part of the required energy management. The effectiveness of the sub has been proven through the analysis of downhole data and Mechanical Specific Energy (MSE) comparisons. The anti-vibration sub enables a very high signal-to-noise ratio for MWD (Measurement While Drilling) tools, improves bit performance and borehole quality, reduces the cost per meter for drilling and the non-productive time required for conditioning the hole prior to setting casing. An analysis of the data and field results clearly demonstrates the value of this tool. The anti-vibration stabilizer has been successfully utilized in several applications and is currently standard equipment for most vertical well rotary BHAs in Algeria.
Improving Hydraulic Fracture Geometry Characterization: Integrating Advanced Acoustic Measurement and Geomechanics with Hydraulic Fracturing Field Data
Authors: Van Steene Marie , Povstyanova Magdalena , Semary Mahmoud , Mathur Anil , Ali Aziza , Edelman Jeff , Maghrabia Karim 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The Nukhul reservoirs of Egypt’s Eastern Desert typically have low porosity, low permeability, and relatively heavy oil. Hence, hydraulic fracturing is key to enhancing reservoir producibility, and an understanding of fracture geometry is important to determine reservoir drainage.
To measure hydraulic fracture height at the wellbore, shear wave anisotropy data were acquired in casing with an advanced acoustic tool. Hydraulic fracturing post-job pressure matching also provided estimates of fracture geometry. Shear wave anisotropy data confirmed that the Thebes and Rudeis formations acted as fracture barriers and confirmed the fracture confinement in the Nukhul formation, which was the fracturing job objective.
Although, overall, the post-fracturing shear wave anisotropy measurement and the post-job pressure matching delivered similar results for fracture height at the borehole, the shear wave anisotropy data showed uneven levels of anisotropy across the fractured reservoir interval, indicating that the fracture might not have as simple a geometrical shape as was modeled by the post-fracturing analysis.
Based on wireline data, a newly constructed and calibrated mechanical earth model obtained detailed rock elastic properties and stress profiles. These geomechanical properties defined 26 zones across the reservoir (instead of the initial 6) and were input into the fracturing modeling software.
Fracture geometry obtained through this enhanced modeling closely matched the shear wave anisotropy results—the modeled fracture width corresponded to the variations of shear wave anisotropy observed across the fracture height. The fracture was narrower in the upper part of the reservoir and wider in the lower part, with a half-length of 300 ft in the lower part and almost 400 ft in the upper part.
In this case study, we demonstrate how full use of available data, application of the latest acoustic technology, and integration of multiple disciplines (acoustics, geomechanics, stimulation) can lead to better fracture geometry description and achievement of greater accuracy in reservoir description.
Bundle Technology for the Future
Authors: Goodlad Martin 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Subsea7 have designed, fabricated, and installed Bundles (towed pipeline production systems) for over 33 years, with 69 installed to date.
Over the previous 3 decades operators choice of Bundles as a field development option has been steady but intermittent. However over recent years Bundles have been embraced by field developers as a technically and commercially attractive solution to allow difficult fields to be developed, they are now being proposed by operators and design houses at concept selection phase.
Subsea7 is currently experiencing the busiest period of Bundle design/installation activity ever; a record 8 bundles installed during 2011/2012 and further 8 confirmed installations by the Q2 of 2015. A number of the installed or currently in-design Bundles are firsts for Subsea7.
The paper will discuss the benefits of Bundle technology for rejuvenating and extending existing facilities or new developments. A number of case studies to demonstrate the technical and commercial advantages will be discussed; Apache Bacchus – Active Heating of Production Fluid using produced water,BP Andrew – Longest tie-back utilising Bundles, 4 bundles connected in series totalling 27.8km,COP Jasmine – Highest Temperature Bundle 155°C (to PD8010),Total West Franklin – Highest Design Temperature 160°C (to DNV) & Largest Diameter Carrier Pipe,BG Knarr – Deepest Water Depth 410m, and integrated flow assurance design,Shell FRAM – First Bundle with two midline structures.
The technical benefits driving the increased interest in Bundle Technology for field development will be discussed; Highly efficient insulation systems, heated bundles utilising Hot-Water or Electrical Trace-Heating,Design/construction method allows full system integration testing onshore allowing fast hook up and commissioning offshore, low stress installation method by CDTM (Controlled Depth Tow Method) minimizes stress and fatigue on internal flowlines,Design of bundle cross-section/system allows expansion at both ends, reducing build-up of axial forces, reducing the need for intermediate expansion spools, and allowing efficient design for HP/HT field developments,Eliminate requirement for specialised installation vessels (Reel-lay, S-Lay, J-Lay, and Heavy Lift) by utilising readily available vessels, and incorporating subsea structures within the towed Bundle System.
Deep Sea Installation with Fibre Rope Technology – a New Concept in Winches for the Best Performance and Durability of Rope
Authors: de Boer T. B. , Braadbaart J. , Nieuwenkamp J. O. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The ability to efficiently install subsea modules in increasing water depths is a major condition for the cost-effective development of deep-water oil and gas reserves. The weight of a steel hoisting wire exponentially increases with the working depth and is a significant cost driver for water depths beyond 2,000 metres. The obvious solution is to utilise other types of cable that are not as heavy. Using fibre rope as an alternative to steel wire for deep-water operations is attractive, because its weight is close to being neutrally buoyant. However, the challenges involved with the handling of fibre rope have limited the availability of commercial systems and the application of fibre ropes in offshore installation operations is still not common practice.
Fibre rope is sensitive to internal and external wear, and to the high temperature caused by friction as a result of the rope slipping and bending. Consequently, winch systems designed for steel rope cause the rapid wear of fibre rope. On the other hand, existing systems for the handling of fibre rope are relatively slow, work discontinuously and/or require a complex design and intricate control systems. Developing a new type of fibre-rope handling system – without these drawbacks – requires a knowledge of fibre-rope behaviour and insight into rope-handling system interaction.
In 2010, a joint-industry project was set up to model fibre rope in a finite element study, which simulated the behaviour of the rope during interaction with the handling system. For a comparison between different ropes and handling system concepts, heat generation, dissipation and abrasion are considered as consequences of energy dissipation in this model. A new fibre-rope handling system was developed by selecting the concept with the lowest dissipated energy and optimising the design towards increasing the rope’s lifetime and cost effectiveness.
This project resulted in the design, manufacturing and testing of a 50mT-prototype winch. Factory acceptance tests (FATs) have demonstrated the functional performance. In the second half of 2013, the prototype will be installed on board an offshore construction vessel for further tests at sea.