bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Practical Synthesis of SimplePhos Ligands: Further Development of Alkyl‐Substituted Phosphanamines
Authors: Müller Daniel , Guénée Laure , Alexakis Alexandre 
Published: August 2013

AbstractHerein we disclose a rapid and easy synthetic procedure to access aryl‐ and alkyl‐substituted phosphanamines (SimplePhos ligands). During the synthesis of a library of diverse aryl‐substituted phosphanamine ligands we also found that alkyl‐substituted phosphanamines can be synthesized and handled easily. This was unexpected as a previous report described them as highly air‐sensitive compounds. Subsequently, we created a library of alkyl‐substituted phosphanamines and found some to be highly efficient ligands in copper‐catalyzed reactions such as the Cu‐catalyzed asymmetric conjugate addition and propargylic alkylation reactions. Moreover, our efforts towards the synthesis of SimplePhos ligands led to the development of an easy and practical synthesis of diaryl(chloro)phosphanes, which is also presented in this paper.
Preparation of Magnetic Ordered Mesoporous Carbon Composite and Its Application in Direct Electrochemistry of Horseradish Peroxidase
Authors: Zheng Jing , Xu Jing‐Li , Jin Tang‐Bo He , Wang Jia‐Ling , Zhang Wen‐Qian , Hu Yu‐Xiao , He Pin‐Gang , Fang Yu‐Zhi 
Published: August 2013

AbstractA novel magnetic ordered mesoporous carbon composite was prepared. Electrochemical measurements showed that the ordered mesoporous carbon composite provided an excellent matrix for the co‐adsorption of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). HRP could be separated and collected by the application of a magnetic field and its direct electron‐transfer could be achieved in the solution, not on the electrode thereby preventing the degradation of the enzyme. The cyclic voltammetric experimental results of HRP indicated that HRP displayed a pair of stable peaks with a formal potential of −0.306 V in PBS. The resulting biosensor exhibited fast amperometric response to hydrogen peroxide.
Electrophilic and Reactive Oxygen Species Detoxification Potentials of Chalcone Dimers is Mediated by Redox Transcription Factor Nrf‐2
Authors: Ajiboye Taofeek O. , Yakubu Musa T. , Oladiji Adenike T. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTNuclear erythroid related factor‐2 (Nrf2), a redox‐transcription factor, plays a critical role in the detoxification of electrophilic and reactive oxygen species that halt various biochemical and molecular processes. This makes it a candidate for regulation by polyphenols. This study investigates the capability of chalcone dimers (lophirones B and C) to induce expressions and activities of cytoprotective enzymes. Chalcone dimers administration to rats not only induced the Nrf2, but also suppressed cytoplasmic Kelch‐like ECH‐associated protein 1 (Keap1) expressions. In addition, the chalcone dimers significantly (p < 0.05) increased the expressions and activities of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and reduced quinone oxidoreductase‐1, glutathione‐S‐transferase, epoxide hydrolase and uridyl glucuronosyl transferase in rat liver. Also, activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase in rat liver increased significantly (p < 0.05). Overall, lophirones B and C increased the expressions and activities of cytoprotective proteins in rat liver possibly through the reduction of cytoplasmic Keap1 expression, leading to the nuclear translocation of Nrf2.
Light absorption by secondary organic aerosol from α‐pinene: Effects of oxidants, seed aerosol acidity, and relative humidity
Authors: Song Chen , Gyawali Madhu , Zaveri Rahul A. , Shilling John E. , Arnott W. Patrick 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIt is well known that light absorption from dust and black carbon aerosols has a warming effect on climate while light scattering from sulfate, nitrate, and sea salt aerosols has a cooling effect. However, there are large uncertainties associated with light absorption and scattering by different types of organic aerosols, especially in the near‐UV and UV spectral regions. In this paper, we present the results from a systematic laboratory study focused on measuring light absorption by secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) generated from dark α‐pinene + O3 and α‐pinene + NOx + O3 systems in the presence of neutral and acidic sulfate seed aerosols. Light absorption was monitored using photoacoustic spectrometers at four different wavelengths: 355, 405, 532, and 870 nm. Significant light absorption at 355 and 405 nm was observed for the SOA formed from α‐pinene + O3 + NO3 system only in the presence of highly acidic sulfate seed aerosols under dry conditions. In contrast, no absorption was observed when the relative humidity was elevated to greater than 27% or in the presence of neutral sulfate seed aerosols. Organic nitrates in the SOA formed in the presence of neutral sulfate seed aerosols were found to be nonabsorbing, while the light‐absorbing compounds are speculated to be aldol condensation oligomers with nitroxy organosulfate groups that are formed in highly acidic sulfate aerosols. Overall, these results suggest that dark α‐pinene + O3 and α‐pinene + NOx + O3 systems do not form light‐absorbing SOA under typical atmospheric conditions.
An improved whitecap timescale for sea spray aerosol production flux modeling using the discrete whitecap method
Authors: Callaghan Adrian H. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe discrete whitecap method (DWM) to model the sea spray aerosol (SSA) production flux explicitly requires a whitecap timescale, which up to now has only considered a whitecap decay timescale, τdecay. A reevaluation of the DWM suggests that the whitecap timescale should account for the total whitecap lifetime (τwcap), which consists of both the formation timescale (τform) and the decay timescale (timescale definitions are given in the text). Here values of τform for 552 oceanic whitecaps measured at the Martha's Vineyard Coastal Observatory on the east coast of the USA are presented, and added to the corresponding values of τdecay to form 552 whitecap timescales. For the majority of whitecaps, τform makes up about 20–25% of τwcap, but this can be as large as 70% depending on the value of τdecay. Furthermore, an area‐weighted mean whitecap timescale for use in the DWM (τDWM) is defined that encompasses the variable nature of individual whitecap lifetimes within a given time period, and is calculated to be 5.3 s for this entire data set. This value is combined with previously published whitecap coverage parameterizations and estimates of SSA particle production per whitecap area to form a size‐resolved SSA production flux parameterization (dF(r80)/dlog10r80). This parameterization yields integrated sea‐salt mass fluxes that are largely within the range of uncertainty of recent measurements over the size range 0.029 µm < r80 < 0.580 µm. Physical factors controlling whitecap lifetime such as bubble plume lifetime and surfactant stabilization are discussed in the context of SSA production from whitecaps.
Agricultural biodiversity as a link between traditional food systems and contemporary development, social integrity and ecological health
Authors: Johns Timothy , Powell Bronwen , Maundu Patrick , Eyzaguirre Pablo B 
Published: August 2013

AbstractTraditional food systems offer a key link between the social and economic resilience of smallholder farmers and pastoralists and the sustainable food and nutrition security of global populations. This paper addresses issues related to socio‐cultural diversity and the continuing complex engagement of traditional and modern communities with the plants and animals that sustain them. In light of some of the unhealthful consequences of the ‘nutrition transition’ to globalized modern diets, the authors define and propose a process for a more successful food system transition that balances agro‐biodiversity and processed commodities to support diet diversity, health and social equity alongside sustainable economic growth. We review empirical research in support of practice and policy changes in agriculture, economic development and health domains as well as cross‐sectoral and community‐based innovation. High‐value food crops within domestic and global value chains can be an entry point for smallholders' participation as contributors and beneficiaries of development, while sustainable small farms, as purveyors of environmental and public health services, diversify global options for long‐term adaptation in the face of environmental uncertainty. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
REVEGETATION OF DECOMPOSED GRANITE ROADCUTS IN KOREA: DEVELOPING DIGGER, EVALUATING COST EFFECTIVENESS, AND DETERMINING DIMENSIONS OF DRILLING HOLES, REVEGETATION SPECIES, AND MULCHING TREATMENT
Authors: Lee J.‐W. , Park C.‐M. , Rhee H. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTDecomposed granite roadcuts are difficult to revegetate after losing the topsoil and vegetation cover. We developed a new drilling machine, Digger, to efficiently drill six holes simultaneously on decomposed granite roadcuts to facilitate revegetation. The Digger consists of a base machine (0.7 m3‐level excavator) and a mounting body with six hydraulic motors instead of a bucket. We tested its performance on two roadcuts in southwest Korea using time‐motion studies, which showed that the Digger can drill 240 m2 of decomposed granite roadcuts daily. The unit cost of the Digger was less than a half of other roadcut stabilization and revegetation techniques in Korea, making the Digger a cost‐effective revegetation technology. Field germination and growth tests were also conducted to identify appropriate diameter and depth of drilling holes, suitable revegetation species, and mulching treatment. We drilled holes with three different diameters and depths, filled the holes with a mixture of plant seeds and cultivated soil, applied mulching treatments (coir geotextile, shade net, and no mulching), and measured the germination and growth results at two field plots after 1 month and 1 year. The results showed that drilling diameter 10 cm and depth 10 cm were large enough to result in better plant germination and growth. Erosion control species, Poa pratensis L. and Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees, survived and grew better than native woody species. Coir geotextile improved the plant germination and growth. The time‐motion and revegetation results show that the Digger can be a promising technology to restore decomposed granite roadcuts. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Photovoltaic Performance of a [1,2,3]Triazolo[4,5‐g]quinoxaline‐Based Low‐Bandgap Polymer
Authors: Hai Jiefeng , Zhao Baofeng , Zhu Enwei , Bian Linyi , Wu Hongbin , Tang Weihua 
Published: August 2013

A narrow‐bandgap conjugated polymer, PFDTBTzQ‐2OC1, is prepared by alternating [1,2,3]triazolo[4,5‐g]quinoxaline and 9,9‐didodecyl‐fluorene. With a bandgap of 1.63 eV, this polymer has wide absorption ranging from 300–760 nm in film. Bulk heterojunction solar cells fabricated by blending PFDTBTzQ‐2OC1 with [6,6]‐phenyl‐C71‐butyric acid methyl ester exhibit a maximum power conversion efficiency of 1.31%, with a short‐circuit current density of 1.98 mA cm–2, an open‐circuit voltage of 0.74 V, and a fill factor of 0.47.
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One‐Pot Synthesis of Polyester–Polyolefin Copolymers by Combining Ring‐Opening Polymerization and Carbene Polymerization
Authors: Xiao Longqiang , Liao Liqiong , Guo Xin , Liu Lijian 
Published: August 2013

The ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of a cyclic ester using alkyl acetate carbene (ROCOCH:) is generated from diazoacetate as organocatalyst under microwave irradiation, which enables the one‐pot preparation of copolymers of polyester and polyolefin. The chemical structure of the polymerized product is characterized by NMR, Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR), and UV–vis spectroscopy. The incorporation of the azo group into the obtained copolymer is determined by elemental analysis, which indicates that 1.38–6.21% nitrogen is contained in the obtained copolymers. The influences of catalyst and microwave irradiation parameters on the polymerization are investigated. Both the microwave power and irradiation time have great influences on the copolymerization. Moreover, the molar mass of the obtained polymers is calculated with polystyrene standards, which gradually increases from 600 to 36 100 g mol−1 as the reaction temperature increases from 60 to 120 °C. Poly­mer with of 36 100 g mol−1 and PDI of 1.86 is produced under optimized conditions. The combination of ROP and carbene polymerization offers a new and convenient pathway to synthesize copolymers of polyesters and polyolefins.
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Does change in hip circumference predict cardiovascular disease and overall mortality in Danish and Swedish women?
Authors: Lanfer Anne , Mehlig Kirsten , Heitmann Berit L. , Lissner Lauren 
Published: August 2013

ObjectiveAccumulating evidence consistently shows that small hip circumference (HC) is related to increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), coronary heart disease, diabetes, and premature death in women. This study aims to clarify whether this inverse association can be found in both normal‐ and overweight individuals and if change in HC over time relates to morbidity and mortality risk.MethodsHC and 6‐year change in HC in relation to the risk for all‐cause mortality and CVD morbidity and mortality was investigated in a pooled sample of 2,867 women from the DANISH MONICA study and the Prospective Population Study of Women in Gothenburg with a total of 66,627 person‐years of follow‐up.ResultsBaseline HC was significantly and inversely associated with all‐cause and CVD‐specific mortality after adjustment for BMI, waist circumference (WC), and other covariates. In stratified analyses, the inverse association was weaker in women with a BMI of more than 25 kg/m2. Six‐year change in hip size was not associated with mortality or morbidity endpoints.ConclusionsOur results imply the existence of a basal risk associated with small hip size, which is, however, independent from changes in gluteofemoral body mass and therefore unlikely to be modifiable.
Evidence for the role of AMPK in regulating PGC‐1 alpha expression and mitochondrial proteins in mouse epididymal adipose tissue
Authors: Wan Zhongxiao , Root‐Mccaig Jared , Castellani Laura , Kemp Bruce E. , Steinberg Gregory R. , Wright David C. 
Published: August 2013

ObjectivePGC‐1α is a transcriptional co‐activator and master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis. While extensively studied in skeletal and cardiac muscle, recent findings suggest that white adipose tissue PGC‐1α plays an important role in regulating glucose homeostasis. The purpose of the present investigation was to evaluate the role of AMPK in regulating PGC‐1α and mitochondrial enzymes in mouse epididymal and inguinal subcutaneous adipose tissue.MethodsMitochondrial protein content and norepinephrine and CL 316,243‐induced PGC‐1α mRNA expression were studied in mouse epididymal and inguinal adipose tissue from wild‐type and AMPK β1−/− mice.ResultsThe protein content and phosphorylation of AMPKα was reduced in epididymal adipose tissue from AMPK β1−/− compared to WT mice, concomitant with decreases in PGC‐1α and mitochondrial marker proteins. Norepinephrine and CL 316,243‐mediated induction of PGC‐1α were decreased in cultured epididymal adipose tissue from AMPK β1−/− relative to WT mice. In inguinal adipose tissue from AMPK β1−/− mice, mitochondrial marker protein content and norepinephrine and CL 316,243‐mediated increases in PGC‐1α were normal despite reductions in the content and phosphorylation of AMPKα.ConclusionsNorepinephrine‐ and CL 316,243‐mediated induction of PGC‐1α and mitochondrial protein expression is regulated by AMPK in epididymal, but not inguinal adipose tissue.
Comparison of the effectiveness of different counseling methods before second trimester genetic amniocentesis in Thailand
Authors: Hanprasertpong Tharangrut , Rattanaprueksachart Rawiwan , Janwadee Suthiraporn , Geater Alan , Kor‐anantakul Ounjai , Suwanrath Chitkasaem , Hanprasertpong Jitti 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe objective of this study is to compare the effectiveness of counseling methods before second trimester genetic amniocentesis.Study designThe design of this study is a randomized controlled study comparing the improvement in patients' knowledge satisfaction anxiety and perceived pain between computer‐assisted instruction (CAI) and leaflet self‐reading (LSR) and subsequent individual counseling among pregnant women scheduled for second trimester genetic amniocentesis in a developing country.ResultsThere were 164 and 157 participants in the LSR and CAI groups, respectively. In both groups, knowledge improved significantly after LSR/CAI (p < 0.001) and increased further after individual counseling (p < 0.001). After combined counseling, knowledge was significantly higher in the LSR than in the CAI group (p = 0.032). Knowledge was associated with higher level of education and previous exposure to genetic counseling. Pain decreased more in the CAI than in the LSR group after completion of counseling (p = 0.021). Reduction in anxiety and increase in satisfaction did not differ between the groups. Counseling method did not affect the final decision of patients to accept amniocentesis.ConclusionBoth counseling methods improved patients' knowledge and satisfaction and reduced pain and anxiety. In combination with individual counseling, LSR was more effective than CAI in improving patients' knowledge before second trimester genetic amniocentesis. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Accuracy of International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification codes for upper gastrointestinal complications varied by position and age: a validation study in a cohort of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs users in Friuli Venezia Giulia, Italy
Authors: Pisa Federica , Castellsague Jordi , Drigo Daniela , Riera‐Guardia Nuria , Giangreco Manuela , Rosolen Valentina , Clagnan Elena , Zanier Loris , Perez‐Gutthann Susana , Barbone Fabio 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTPurposeTo validate the International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification discharge codes used to identify cases of upper gastrointestinal complications (UGICs) in hospitals of Friuli Venezia Giulia, Italy.MethodsCohort study on the risk of UGIC in users of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs conducted in Friuli Venezia Giulia between 2001 and 2008. Cases were identified through primary and secondary International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision Clinical specific codes 531 (gastric ulcer), 532 (duodenal ulcer), 533 (peptic ulcer), 534 (gastrojejunal ulcer), and nonspecific code 578 (gastrointestinal hemorrhage). Potential cases were confirmed through hospital chart review.ResultsThe chart retrieval percentage was 98.4%.The positive predictive value (PPV) was 94.3% for primary codes 531 and 532, 79.5% for code 533, 83.1% for code 534, 40.2% for code 578. The PPV for secondary codes was 34.7% but increased to 88.9% and 79.2% when the primary code was for peritonitis or acute post‐hemorrhagic anemia, respectively. Validation of secondary codes increased case ascertainment by 4.9%. Endoscopy confirmed 79.4% of cases but only 67.2% of those above age 84 years.ConclusionsThe PPV was high for specific primary codes and moderate to low for nonspecific primary and secondary codes. The inclusion of confirmed cases identified by nonspecific and secondary codes can be of value in studies that need a complete ascertainment of cases occurring in the study population.In this cohort, not including these cases would underestimate the incidence of UGICs. A potential for case misclassification exists in particular in eldest ages. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular Diversity Subdivides the Adult Forebrain Neural Stem Cell Population
Authors: Giachino Claudio , Basak Onur , Lugert Sebastian , Knuckles Philip , Obernier Kirsten , Fiorelli Roberto , Frank Stephan , Raineteau Olivier , Alvarez-Buylla Arturo , Taylor Verdon 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) in the ventricular domain of the subventricular zone (V-SVZ) of rodents produce neurons throughout life while those in humans become largely inactive or may be lost during infancy. Most adult NSCs are quiescent, express glial markers, and depend on Notch signaling for their self-renewal and the generation of neurons. Using genetic markers and lineage tracing, we identified subpopulations of adult V-SVZ NSCs (type 1, 2, and 3) indicating a striking heterogeneity including activated, brain lipid binding protein (BLBP, FABP7) expressing stem cells. BLBP+ NSCs are mitotically active components of pinwheel structures in the lateral ventricle walls and persistently generate neurons in adulthood. BLBP+ NSCs express epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor, proliferate in response to EGF, and are a major clonogenic population in the SVZ. We also find BLBP expressed by proliferative ventricular and subventricular progenitors in the fetal and postnatal human brain. Loss of BLBP+ stem/progenitor cells correlates with reduced neurogenesis in aging rodents and postnatal humans. These findings of molecular heterogeneity and proliferative differences subdivide the NSC population and have implications for neurogenesis in the forebrain of mammals during aging. Stem Cells 2014;32:70–84
Vitamin C Enhances Nanog Expression Via Activation of the JAK/STAT Signaling Pathway
Authors: Wu Haibo , Wu Yongyan , Ai Zhiying , Yang Liping , Gao Yuan , Du Juan , Guo Zekun , Zhang Yong 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Vitamin C (Vc), also known as ascorbic acid, is involved in many important metabolic and physiological reactions in the body. Here, we report that Vc enhances the expression of Nanog and inhibits retinoic acid-induced differentiation of embryonic stem cells. We investigated Vc regulation of Nanog through Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway using cell signaling pathway profiling systems, and further confirmed by specific pathway inhibition. Using overexpression and knockdown strategies, we demonstrated that STAT2 is a new positive regulator of Nanog and is activated by phosphorylation following Vc treatment. In addition, site mutation analysis identified that STAT2 physically occupies the Nanog promoter, which was confirmed by chromatin immunoprecipitation and electrophoretic mobility shift assays. Taken together, our data suggest a role for Vc in Nanog regulation networks and reveal a novel role for STAT2 in regulating Nanog expression. Stem Cells 2014;32:166–176