bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reorganization of Auditory Cortex in Early-deaf People: Functional Connectivity and Relationship to Hearing Aid Use
Authors: Shiell Martha M. , Champoux François , Zatorre Robert J. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Cross-modal reorganization after sensory deprivation is a model for understanding brain plasticity. Although it is a well-documented phenomenon, we still know little of the mechanisms underlying it or the factors that constrain and promote it. Using fMRI, we identified visual motion-related activity in 17 early-deaf and 17 hearing adults. We found that, in the deaf, the posterior superior temporal gyrus (STG) was responsive to visual motion. We compared functional connectivity of this reorganized cortex between groups to identify differences in functional networks associated with reorganization. In the deaf more than the hearing, the STG displayed increased functional connectivity with a region in the calcarine fissure. We also explored the role of hearing aid use, a factor that may contribute to variability in cross-modal reorganization. We found that both the cross-modal activity in STG and the functional connectivity between STG and calcarine cortex correlated with duration of hearing aid use, supporting the hypothesis that residual hearing affects cross-modal reorganization. We conclude that early auditory deprivation alters not only the organization of auditory regions but also the interactions between auditory and primary visual cortex and that auditory input, as indexed by hearing aid use, may inhibit cross-modal reorganization in early-deaf people.
The Impacts of European and Asian Anthropogenic Sulfur Dioxide Emissions on Sahel Rainfall
Authors: Dong Buwen , Sutton Rowan T. , Highwood Ellie , Wilcox Laura 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIn this study, the atmospheric component of a state-of-the-art climate model [the Hadley Centre Global Environment Model, version 2–Earth System (HadGEM2-ES)] has been used to investigate the impacts of regional anthropogenic sulfur dioxide emissions on boreal summer Sahel rainfall. The study focuses on the transient response of the West African monsoon (WAM) to a sudden change in regional anthropogenic sulfur dioxide emissions, including land surface feedbacks but without sea surface temperature (SST) feedbacks. The response occurs in two distinct phases: 1) fast adjustment of the atmosphere on a time scale of days to weeks (up to 3 weeks) through aerosol–radiation and aerosol–cloud interactions with weak hydrological cycle changes and surface feedbacks and 2) adjustment of the atmosphere and land surface with significant local hydrological cycle changes and changes in atmospheric circulation (beyond 3 weeks).European emissions lead to an increase in shortwave (SW) scattering by increased sulfate burden, leading to a decrease in surface downward SW radiation that causes surface cooling over North Africa, a weakening of the Saharan heat low and WAM, and a decrease in Sahel precipitation. In contrast, Asian emissions lead to very little change in sulfate burden over North Africa, but they induce an adjustment of the Walker circulation, which leads again to a weakening of the WAM and a decrease in Sahel precipitation. The responses to European and Asian emissions during the second phase exhibit similar large-scale patterns of anomalous atmospheric circulation and hydrological variables, suggesting a preferred response. The results support the idea that sulfate aerosol emissions contributed to the observed decline in Sahel precipitation in the second half of the twentieth century.
The Pacific Meridional Mode as an ENSO Precursor and Predictor in the North American Multimodel Ensemble
Authors: Larson Sarah M. , Kirtman Ben P. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAlthough modeling and observational studies have highlighted a robust relationship between the Pacific meridional mode (PMM) and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO)—namely, that the PMM is often a precursor to El Niño events—it remains unclear if this relationship has any real predictive use. Bridging the gap between theory and practical application is essential, because the potential use of the PMM precursor as a supplemental tool for ENSO prediction has been implied but not yet implemented into a realistic forecast setting. In this paper, a suite of sea surface temperature hindcasts is utilized from the North American Multimodel Ensemble (NMME) prediction experiment between 1982 and 2010. The goal is first to assess the NMME’s ability to forecast the PMM precursor and second to examine the relationship between PMM and ENSO within a forecast framework. In terms of model performance, results are optimistic in that not only is PMM variability captured well by the multimodel ensemble mean, but it also appears as a precursor to ENSO events in the NMME. In forecast mode, positive PMM events predict eastern Pacific El Niño events in both observations and model forecasts with some skill, yet with less skill for central Pacific El Niño events. Conversely, negative PMM events poorly predict La Niña events in observations, yet the model forecasts fail to capture this observed representation. There proves to be considerable opportunity for improvement of the PMM–ENSO relationship in the forecast models; accordingly, the predictive use of PMM for certain types of ENSO events may also see improvement.
A Model for Nighttime Minimum Temperatures
Authors: Dupuis Debbie J. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe southwestern United States has experienced some of the most important increases in nighttime minimum temperatures over the last 60 yr, and climate models are projecting more of the same to the end of the century. As climate, geography, and population density vary considerably over the area, very diverse extreme temperature levels and dynamics are observed. It is shown how nighttime minimum temperatures over the 1950–2009 period exhibit more complex dynamics than daytime maximum temperatures. The author studies nighttime minimum temperature series from 12 locations and presents one model capable of capturing all the features of the data at each location. The time series preprocessing model normalizes seasonal shocks by daily and yearly volatility components before modeling the residual volatility as an exponential generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity [EGARCH(1, 1)] process with seasonal autoregressive structure to account for the presence of nonlinear and seasonal linear dependence, respectively, in the residual series. An exceedance over high thresholds approach is then used to model the tail of the distribution of scaled residuals from the preprocessing model. The resulting marginal distribution of nighttime minimum temperature at each location is then examined to see how it has changed in mean, scale, and shape, respectively, over the 60-yr period. Changes at the 12 locations vary considerably: many locations have seen considerable change in some or all of the three parameters, while two locations have experienced little or no change.
A Description and Evaluation of an Automated Approach for Feature-Based Tracking of Rossby Wave Packets
Authors: Souders Matthew B. , Colle Brian. A. , Chang Edmund K. M. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
This paper describes an automated approach to track Rossby wave packets (RWPs), and the sensitivity of various tracking parameters and methods used in filtering the raw data in the feature-based tracking. The NCEP–NCAR reanalysis meridional wind and geopotential height data at 300 hPa every 6 h were spectrally filtered using a Hilbert transform technique under the assumption that RWPs propagate along a waveguide defined by the 14-day running average of the 300-hPa wind. After some spatial and temporal smoothing, the local maxima in RWP amplitude (WPA) were tracked using two objective techniques: a point-based cost optimization routine and a hybrid approach using point identification and object-based tracking following rules. A variation of the total energy flux term of the eddy kinetic energy equation was used to subjectively verify RWP tracks in order to compare the performance of each tracking method. When tracking methods are verified over two winter seasons, the hybrid technique outperformed point-based tracking, particularly for track duration and propagation. Problems with tracking were found to be most common during periods when two RWPs merge, one RWP splits into multiple packets, or an RWP moves from one storm track to another. RWPs are found to move irregularly rather than linearly, with their motion and intensity best described as pulse like. The sensitivity to some of the parameters used in the tracking was also explored.
Comparative assessment of commercial ELISA kits for detection of HIV in India
Authors: Nandi Srijita , Maity Susmita , Bhunia Somesh Chandra , Saha Malay Kumar 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

Background
India harbors the 3rd highest HIV infected population globally. The magnitude of the HIV detection challenge is enormous. ELISA is the most commonly used screening technique for HIV. There is always an acute need for good quality ELISA kits. However, the quality evaluation data on Indian kits are very limited in comparison with internationally recognized kits. This study aimed to evaluate the performance and diagnostic usefulness of five commercially available ELISA kits which are frequently used in India.

Findings
The ELISA kits evaluated using an in-house well characterized 100 member sera panel revealed 100% sensitivity for all the batches. However, batch to batch variation in terms of specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and efficiency, although not statistically significant (p > 0.05), was observed. For specificity, the 3rd generation kits (mean 99.6% to 99.3%) were comparatively better than the 4th generation assays (97.2% to 96.9%). But the 4th generation kits performed far better in the ability for early detection post HIV infection in the 25 member commercial seroconversion panel with a margin of at least 22 days and as high as 35 days than the 3rd generation assays.

Conclusions
The commercial ELISA kits with 100% sensitivity seem appropriate for HIV screening. The ability of early detection post HIV infection favors use of 4th generation kits for ensuring HIV free blood for transfusion. Lot to lot variations, especially kits having the specificity level ≤98.0%, indicate the need for a regular mechanism of kit evaluation for each batch for procuring kits appropriate for intended use.
Finding alternatives to disability benefit receipt
Authors: Livermore Gina , Wittenburg David , Neumark David 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

Abstract
This introduction offers a context for the articles in this thematic series by providing an overview of the programs that provide cash and in-kind supports to people with disabilities in the United States, summarizes the increasing reliance on these programs, and describes the challenges associated with reducing dependency on these programs. It then briefly discusses the articles in this thematic series in light of these issues.

JEL codes
H5, I3, J2, J14
Sodium lactate for fluid resuscitation: the preferred solution for the coming decades?
Authors: Ichai Carole , Orban Jean-Christophe , Fontaine Eric 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIn a recent issue of Critical Care, 0.5 M sodium lactate infusion for 24 hours was reported to increase cardiac output in patients with acute heart failure. This effect was associated with a concomitant metabolic alkalosis and a negative water balance. Growing data strongly support the role of lactate as a preferential oxidizable substrate to supply energy metabolism leading to improved organ function (heart and brain especially) in ischemic conditions. Due to its sodium/chloride imbalance, this solution prevents hyperchloremic acidosis and limits fluid overload despite the obligatory high sodium load. Sodium lactate solution therefore shows many advantages and appears a very promising means for resuscitation of critically ill patients. Further studies are needed to establish the most appropriate dose and indications for sodium lactate infusion in order to prevent the occurrence of severe hypernatremia and metabolic alkalosis.
Types of Lesson for the Primary School in the Context of the Federal State Educational Standards (FSES) Requirements
Authors: Виноградова  , Vinogradova Natalya 
Published: July 2014

The paper presents a new way to classify types of lessons for the primary education, which, in the author’s opinion, helps to efficaciously meet
requirements, put forward by the Federal State Educational Standards of Primary General Education (FSES PGE), and to achieve planned
learning outcomes. Types of lessons are characterized depending on the top-priority educational goal.
Using Web-Technology Means for Professional Self-Education of Teachers
Authors: Кузнецов  , Kuznetsov A. 
Published: July 2014

The use of Web-based technologies for the purpose of school teachers professional self-education is discussed, as well as new approaches to both
using Web-technologies in the information-communication educational environment and providing career and professional advancement of
teachers and intended teachers. Also presented is the training program (curriculum) “Motivating and arranging for self-guided activities within
the scope of the ‘Theory and Methodology of Informatics Teaching’ training course”.
Exercises and Didactic Games for Mental Development of Junior Schoolchildren
Authors: Савостьянов  , Savostyanov Aleksandr 
Published: July 2014

Recommendations are presented on how teachers of kindergarten pre-school groups and primary school teachers should use in their routine
work exercises and didactic games, aimed at facilitating children’s mental growth. Specially emphasized is the psychological role of games for
cultivating spatial and logical reasoning, boosting keenness of observation, cognitive motivation and bent for creativity.
Technologies for Assessing Learning Outcomes of School-Level Students in Historic Retrospective
Authors: Стручаева  , Struchaeva Tamara , Иващенко  , Ivashchenko Elena 
Published: July 2014

The paper concerns domestic Pedagogy trends in development of technologies, designed to assess learning outcomes of students in the historic
retrospective, beginning from the 15th and up to early 21st centuries. Views of domestic pedagogues on the issue of learning outcomes assessment
are analyzed.
Let the Children Know More About Yuri Gagarin
Authors: Виноградова  , Vinogradova Natalya 
Published: July 2014

The paper contains material which will be helpful to a teacher at the “World Around Us” lesson for expanding primary school students’ knowledge
about the first cosmonaut of the Earth Yuri Gagarin, who was born 80 years ago. The use of the presented material in the teaching process enables
a teacher to broaden his students’ general cultural outlook, acquaint them with the heroic pages of the national history and, based on the
examples of heroic deeds, to foster active civic-mindedness.
Types of Lesson for the Primary School in the Context of the Federal State Educational Standards (FSES) Requirements
Authors: Виноградова  , Vinogradova Natalya 
Published: July 2014

The paper pursues considering types of lessons, as classified in accordance with what Federal State Educational Standard (FSES) of Primary
General Education requires in terms of planned learning outcomes. Characterized are advantages, top-targets and ways to arrange educational
activities at the lessons of reproduction and exploratory and research types.
Macro Benchmark For business Firms Development
Authors: Фиалковский  , Fialkovskiy Dmitriy 
Published: July 2014

Feasible and skillful planning, based on a set of solid criteria, is an essential factor, determining effective performance and competitiveness of business firms.
The author supports the original new approach to assessing benchmarks of firms development through the prism of long-term growth rates of national economies, that have proceeded to the next stage of economic development.
Understanding angioplasty: An evaluation of a person-centred educational resource
Authors: Astin Felicity , Closs Susan José , Yusuf Rifat , Keenan Chanele 
Published: July 2014

Background: Coronary angioplasty is a common procedure that requires a short hospital stay. A pre-angioplasty clinic offers the opportunity to address unmet health information needs and provide tailored patient information. A person-centred DVD was developed and sent out to patients prior to attendance at a pre-angioplasty clinic, which enabled attendees to familiarise themselves with the angioplasty process and learn about secondary prevention through self-management of lifestyle change before clinic attendance. Aim: To establish the user acceptability of the DVD-based health information resource Understanding Angioplasty. Method: A prospective study of 712 consecutive patient admissions for elective coronary angioplasty at a single centre. Patients were sent the DVD 2–3 weeks prior to admission and asked to score their satisfaction with ease of use, presentation of content and usefulness, on a brief researcher-generated questionnaire. Results: Two hundred and fifty four questionnaires (response rate 36%) were returned. Summary scores show that the presentation of information and content was rated as good or excellent by 95% and 93% of participants respectively. Eighty six per cent of respondents (n=213) felt better prepared to ask clinic staff about their health after watching the DVD. Eighty six per cent (n=214) reported having enough information to support them to self-manage their lifestyle to improve their heart health. Ninety eight per cent (n=249) of respondents said they would recommend the DVD resource to others undergoing elective angioplasty and 70% (n=176) had watched the DVD with a family member or friend. Conclusion: The format and content of the DVD were considered highly acceptable by users and it was considered to be a useful resource to instigate questions in preparation for pre-angioplasty clinic attendance and to support self-management of lifestyle change and medicines. Further work is needed to establish whether it is effective in supporting self-management in the longer term.
An exploration of women's decision trajectories: Seeking professional help for an AMI
Authors: Mayer Mary , Lindsay Grace , McCallum Jacqueline 
Published: July 2014

Background: The decision to seek professional help in the circumstances of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is often delayed for too long. Aim: To explore the lived experience of three women in the decision phase prior to seeking professional care for a first AMI and provide justification for continuance of the study. Design: Hermeneutic phenomenology was used to explore for meaning, using in-depth, semi-structured interviews conducted in the homes of three participants purposively recruited for the pilot study from a cardiac centre situated in the West of Scotland. Results: Seven patterned themes were identified from hermeneutically analysed data: level of attunement, weighing up perception of urgency, ownership of decision, expressive language, family car, traditional perception of NHS services and relinquishing control. Conclusion: The pilot study exposed the complexity of the decision trajectory. Different ontological and social meanings were attached to women's decisions which require further exploration.
HCAs transform patients' experience of care through Macmillan Cancer Support's Values Based Standard
Authors: Dhanda Jagtar S , Richards Stephen , Wells Julie , Woodard Fran 
Published: July 2014

The Macmillan Values Based Standard aims to achieve a transformation in patients' and families' experience of care. Importantly, the standard provides a framework and methodology for improving both patient and staff experience. Of all health professionals, healthcare assistants (HCAs) spend the most ‘face-time’ with patients and are therefore crucial in the drive to transform patients' experience of care. HCAs have contributed to the implementation of the Values Based Standard in a number of Macmillan pilot sites and they have demonstrated how the framework can help drive improvement. Macmillan believes HCAs are key to changing the way patients and their families experience care. For this reason, Macmillan is investing in testing a new development programme, designed specifically to support HCAs, while also ensuring that the organisations they work within focus on the Values Based Standard and provide workforce support to HCAs. This article introduces the programme.
Ghosts in the Theatre: Generic play and temporality in Tsai Ming-liang’s Goodbye, Dragon Inn
Authors: Stuckey G. Andrew 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Tsai Ming-liang’s Goodbye, Dragon Inn (2003) depicts a nearly vacant cinema screening King Hu’s martial arts film Dragon Gate Inn (1967) on its last night of business. The film’s composition of the theatre, empty and decaying, marks it as a haunted house, and the few people present as ghosts lingering nostalgically lamenting the theatre’s impending closure. This article, thus, offers a reading of Goodbye, Dragon Inn attending to the intertextual invocation of Dragon Gate Inn as well as the metacinematic focus of the theatre and its operation through the lens of horror film generic conventions. The ghosts populating the theatre present an alternative temporality that values and seeks to preserve the past. Yet the anomie infecting them, characteristically of Tsai’s films, prevents anything more than a temporary nostalgia that cannot adequately establish the past as a viable temporal mode. In the end, the theatre closes and the ghosts disperse.
Custos operacionais de captura da frota camaroeira do litoral norte do Estado de São Paulo: análise comparada entre valores de mercado e valores de cooperados
Authors: Azevedo Venancio Guedes de , Barbosa Márcio Nora , Abdallah Patrízia Raggi , Rossi-Wongtschowski Carmen Lúcia Del Bianco 
Published: July 2014

A pesca do camarão-sete-barbas (Xiphopenaeus kroyeri) é muito importante no litoral norte do Estado de São Paulo como uma fonte de renda e empregos. Além disso, esta atividade também fornece comércio estável para este produto. O presente estudo avaliou o Custo Operacional Total (COT) para três grupos de embarcações que participam na pescaria (G1, G2 e G3), dependendo de suas características físicas (comprimento da embarcação, arqueação bruta e potência do motor), com G1, incluindo as maiores embarcações com os motores mais potentes, e, em contraste, G3 com as menores arqueações brutas e o G2, um grupo intermediário entre esses dois. Os resultados indicam que o combustível (diesel) representa a maior fonte de custos para todos os grupos. Sob os regimes de valor cooperativos ou de mercado, uma pequena diferença foi encontrada nos lucros entre os três grupos de embarcações que não apresentam benefícios econômicos diretos que estimulem adesões ao cooperativismo. No entanto, a adesão de pescadores às cooperativas ocorre devido a fortes laços entre eles e pode fornecer segurança como sobre marketing e preservação das capturas.