bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Allele Frequencies of HLADQA1 and PM in Istanbul (Turkey) Population
Authors: Yükseloglu H , Altunçul DH , Filoglu G , Abaci-Kalfoglu E , Atasoy S 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Blood samples were obtained from randomly selected, healthy, unrelated individuals from both sexes and were examined in order to estimate the allele and genotype frequencies of HLADQA1, LDLR, GYPA, HBGG, D7S8, GC loci. DNA was extracted using Chelex 100 extraction method (1). The amplification was carried out according to the instructions of Amplitype PMDQA1 PCR amplification kit. The samples were typed for HLADQA1/PM loci using the Amplitype PM + DQA1 kit (Perkin Elmer, Foster City, CA) as per the manufacturer's instructions. The statistical analysis was done by the gene count method and it revealed no significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg expectations. The complete data including the comparison with various Turkish and different populations (2) and the statistical parameters of medico/legal interest are available at http://istanbul.edu.tr/enstituler/forensic/popgen-04.htm.
Allele Frequencies for 10 STR Loci in Istanbul (Turkey) Population
Authors: Filoglu G , Abaci-Kalfoglu E , Atasoy S 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Istanbul is the most densely populated city of Turkey, with approximately 16 million inhabitants. A local STR database for the population of the city of Istanbul was generated in this study. We analyzed blood samples of 311 volunteer individuals. Aiming to avoid forming a criminal subgroup, we selected from these people who had not committed any crime. DNA was extracted using Chelex 100 extraction method (1) and the typing was performed using the Gene print STR systems according to the manufacturer's instructions. The detection was done by silver staining. The statistical analysis revealed no significant deviation from Hardy Weinberg expectations. Parameters like observed and expected heterozygosity, power of exclusion and discrimination, probability of match, paternity index as well as a detailed comparison with various populations (2) are available at http://istanbul.edu.tr/enstituler/ forensic/popgen-01.htm.
Allele Frequencies for Six STR in a Chilean Population
Authors: Cifuentes L , Acuna M , Sepulveda D 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A sample of Chilean individuals from the northern area of Santiago, the capital of Chile, was studied. The current Chilean population was sprung from the admixture between aborigine populations of mongoloid origin (Amerindians) and Spanish conquerors of Caucasian origin. Blood samples from unrelated blood donors were randomly collected in the Hospital San José. An appropriate informed consent was obtained from all of them according to the Ethical Board of the Medicine School of the University of Chile.
Review of: Human Skeletal Anatomy Laboratory Manual and Workbook
Authors: Williams S , Warren MW 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Courses in human osteology and skeletal biology vary widely in scope and focus from institution to institution. Course content depends on the specific goals of the instructor, the degree program and topical concentration of the department, and associated courses taught within the curriculum. Therefore, no text in skeletal anatomy perfectly suits the needs of every instructor. The alternative is multiple texts, usually some combination of Bass (1987), White and Folkens (2000), Steele and Bramblett (1988), or Buikstra and Ubelaker (1994).
Review of: Forensic Art and Illustration
Authors: Walter RD 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Summarizing years of acquired learning and experience, the author's stated goal of this book was to offer a comprehensive overview and practical guide for the police artist and practitioners in related fields. In the attempt to satisfy the goal, the book was divided into four parts that included a total of 18 chapters. Part I of the book explained the early history and foundation for technical and detailed facial art. Here, the structure of the human face was described in relevance to anatomy, orientation and expression. Part II covered a wide range of technical and human skills in identifying the living person. Here, in addition to composite imagery, reference photographs etc., the author presents valuable lessons about gathering the needed evidence. Part III is concerned with the identification of the dead. To be sure, this section demonstrates an extraordinary talent in recognizing the person despite the changes that death and mayhem may have caused. However, with attenuated skills and perceptions, the reconstruction of the face can produce remarkable findings. Part IV addresses the issues of ethics, graphic reproduction, media and courtroom testimony. Here, the author makes the case for being a true expert rather than just simply a very good technician.
HLA-DQA1 and Polymarker Loci Allele Frequencies in the Bharias, a Primitive Indian Tribal Population from Patalkot, India
Authors: Biswas R , Giroti R 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Twenty-three specimens were collected from unrelated volunteer blood donors. DNA was obtained from blood specimens using “QIAamp Blood and Tissue kit” (QIAGEN GmbH, Hilden, Germany) according to the manufacturer's recommended protocol. Amplification was carried out in a “Gene Amp® PCR system 2400” thermal cycler (Perkin Elmer Corporation, California) using 5 ng target DNA. Typing of the six loci was performed by reverse dot blot with Allele Specific Oligonucleotides (ASO) probes, using “AmpliType® PMHLADQA1 PCR amplification and typing kit” (Roche Molecular Systems, Inc., New Jersey).
Allele Frequency Data for Powerplex 16 Loci in Four Major Populations of Orissa, India
Authors: Sahoo S , Kashyap VK 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Genomic DNA was obtained from blood samples by using standard phenol/chloroform procedure (2). Quantitation of DNA was carried out using the Quantiblot kit (PE Applied Biosystems) and subsequent PCR amplification was performed using the Powerplex ™ 16 System (Promega Corp.) The products were detected on a 5% denaturing polyacrylamide sequencing gels using the ABI Prism™ 377 DNA Sequencer (PE Applied Biosystems) and genotype classification was made by comparison with allelic ladders provided with the Powerplex™ 16 System.
Genetic Variation at Three DYS-STR Loci and Amelogenin Between the Australian Caucasians and Three Asian Ethnic Groups
Authors: Chang YM , Both K , Burgoyne LA 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Blood samples were obtained from unrelated male individuals from the four population groups and placed on FTA® paper (Fitzco-Whatman). DNA was extracted using the aqueous processing method for FTA® paper. One extracted disc (1.2 mm diameter) was used in the PCR per sample. The mixed male DNA sample was loaded onto a pre-washed FTA® paper and subjected to an alkalineisopropanol treatment. A combination of three Y-linked microsatellites loci, DYS438 (1), DYS390 (2), and DYS439 (1) and amelogenin were amplified simultaneously using a fluorescent multiplex system. DYS438 and amelogenin were labelled with 6-FAM, DYS390 with JOE and DYS439 with TAMRA.
Review of: Forensic Interpretation of Glass Evidence
Authors: Bottrell MC , Webb JB 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Forensic Interpretation of Glass Evidence begins with a brief overview of the physical properties of glass, methods for glass analysis, classical approaches to the interpretation of forensic glass data, and glass transfer and persistence studies. Building on this foundation, the Bayesian method of interpretation is outlined, and the authors discuss some of the various parameters that may be necessary for a Bayesian analysis. The Bayesian method is a statistical treatment that uses a “continuous approach” to evidence interpretation that abandons the conventional “match/non-match” treatment of the data. The Bayesian method, as presented in this book, uses the likelihood ratio to numerically represent the weight of the evidence. The likelihood ratio is an expression for the relative probabilities of the evidence under competing hypotheses. The significance of a measured parameter, limited in the text to refractive index (RI), is modified by taking into account factors such as the background information (eyewitness statements, previous criminal activity, . . .), presence, transfer, and persistence of glass.
Distribution of DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS385, Alleles in a Southern Italian Population Sample
Authors: Di Nunno N , Baldassarra SL , Di Nunno C , Boninfante B , Guanti G , Forleo G , Resta N 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Blood samples were obtained from selected and unrelated individuals. DNA was extracted with the standard Chelex® 100 (Bio-Rad, CA) extraction procedure (1); DNA samples were amplified in a DNA Thermal Cycler 480 (Perkin Elmer Cetus, NJ) using 10 ng of template DNA.
Pedophilia on the Internet
Authors: Deirmenjian JM 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The Internet provides adults and children with a medium for professional and personal communication throughout the world. As widespread communication in cyberspace grows exponentially, the potential for Internet-related crimes, such as cyberstalkng, has accelerated. Children are particularly vulnerable to sexual predators, such as pedophiles, on the Internet. This article reports cases of pedophiles who used the information superhighway to exploit child victims. Two models of pedophilia on the Internet are discussed: a trust-based seductive model and a direct sexual model. This article explores the role that mental health professionals may play in the assessment of Internet pedophilia. For example, mental health professionals may provide psychiatric treatment to victims of Internet pedophiles. Psychiatrists may be involved in the evaluation of perpetrators of Internet crimes in a clinical or forensic setting. Governmental agencies, the criminal justice system, school, or the media may request consultations by mental health professionals as part of a multi-disciplinary approach to prevention. Methods of government intervention are discussed.
A Qualitative Comparison of Smokeless Powder Measurements
Authors: MacCrehan WA , Reardon MR 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
In the spring of 2000, the National Institute of Standards and Technology and nineteen participants conducted a comparison of smokeless powder additive compositional measurements. The purpose of this exercise was to determine the state-of-the-practice for forensic smoke-less powder determinations. For the comparison, two handgun reloading powder samples were mixed and were compositionally evaluated for ho-mogeneity by NIST. Participant laboratories included military, academic, and state/local, federal, and international forensic agencies. We solicited qualitative data identifying nitroglycerin, diphenylamine, N-nitrosodiphenylamine, and ethyl centralite. In addition, some laboratories provided identification of additional ingredients, such as nitrocellulose, or reported other measurements, such as dimensional morphology.
In this paper, laboratory identification of the smokeless powder additives and a summary of the measurement methods used for the evaluations are presented. All laboratories correctly identified NG and the major stabilizers. Some disparity between laboratories was noted for the identifica-tion of minor (0.01% by weight) stabilizers and stabilizer decomposition products.
Skeletal Remains Presumed Submerged in Water for Three Years Identified Using PCR-STR Analysis
Authors: Crainic K , Paraire F , Leterreux M , Durigon M , de Mazancourt P 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
We describe the successful identification of the remains of a saponified body found in a dam by typing of nuclear DNA. Whereas DNA extracted from soft tissues yielded negative PCR results, DNA extracted from the bone by a slightly modified Qiagen procedure allowed the typing of sex (AMG locus) and of 10 additional STR loci. An identity document was found belonging to a man missing for 3 years and comparison of the results to the DNA profiles of his son and wife confirmed the identity. The longest delay reported until now for successful nuclear DNA geno-typing after immersion in river water was 18 months. This case demonstrates a delay of up to 3 years.
A Discrimination Method for Paper by Fourier Transform and Cross Correlation
Authors: Miyata H , Shinozaki M , Nakayama T , Enomae T 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A non-destructive method for discriminating between different types of paper has been proposed, using image analysis, Fourier transformation, and cross-correlation matching. A fast Fourier transform (FFT) is used to extract the periodicity in the structure of paper that results from the manufacturing processes. The light-transmission images of the paper to be Fourier transformed are obtained from a flatbed image scanner. The similarity between the power spectrum of the FFT of the sample and that of a reference is quantified using a cross-correlation matching method. An advantage of using frequency analysis is that periodicity can be detected even if the sample is damaged or is printed on. The technique works on samples as small as 2 cm 2 .
Children in Motor Vehicle Collisions: Analysis of Injury by Restraint Use and Seat Location
Authors: Sweitzer RE , Rink RD , Corey T , Goldsmith J 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
This study was a retrospective chart review of hospital records and autopsy reports of 499 children nine years old or younger in-volved in motor vehicle collisions from 1994 to 1998. The objective was to evaluate the frequency and severity of injuries as a function of age, re-straint use, and seat position.
We found that 33% of the children were unrestrained and 20% were improperly restrained. Unrestrained children had the highest mean Maximum Abbreviated Injury Scores (MAIS) and Injury Severity Scores (ISS), accounted for 70% of the fatalities, and had the highest incidence of head in-juries. Although most of the head injuries were superficial, 80% of the fatalities were the result of a head injury. Improperly restrained children had the highest frequency of abdominal injuries. Regardless of restraint use, the back seat was associated with fewer head injuries and lower mean MAIS and ISS scores compared to the front seat. Also, properly restrained children in the front seat had lower mean MAIS and ISS scores than unrestrained children in the back seat, suggesting that restraint use is more beneficial than seat position.
Significance of the Recent Extraction to the Postmortem Dental Identification: A Case Study
Authors: Carmichael WW 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
This case report illustrates the significance of the partially healed extraction site to the postmortem dental identification process. It presents the remains of two individuals with documented extractions—one, 6½ months prior to death, the second, only three weeks prior to death. These photographs, compiled with others, can be used as a guideline for the forensic scientist who seldom has the opportunity to study skeletonized remains.
Identification of Human Skeletal Remains by Comparison of Bony Details of the Cranium Using Computerized Tomographic (CT) Scans
Authors: Smith DR , Limbird KG , Hoffman JM 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A case is described where a cranium from an unknown individual is identified by comparison of antemortem and postmortem com-puterized tomographic (CT) images of the bony structure of the skull. While on at least one occasion CT scans of individual cranial landmarks have been used to identify unknown remains, this study is remarkable because positive identification of a deceased individual was accomplished by per-forming a CT scan on an unidentified cranium and comparing multiple landmarks and images with corresponding features in an antemortem CT scan of a missing man. Bony details of the frontal and sphenoid sinuses, ethmoid and mastoid air cells, sagittal cranial suture, and the torcula (the internal occipital protuberance) were exactly the same on both CT scans, confirming them as the same person.
Trace Elemental Analysis of Drugs of Abuse Using Synchrotron Radiation Total Reflection X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis (SR-TXRF)
Authors: Muratsu S , Ninomiya T , Kagoshima Y , Matsui J 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Synchrotron radiation total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (SR-TXRF) was utilized to analyze various trace elements in small amounts of drugs of abuse. Sample amounts of 1 L solutions containing 10 g of drugs (methamphetamine, amphetamine, 3,4-methylene-dioxymethamphetamine, cocaine, and heroin) were spotted on silicon wafers for direct analysis. In addition, a leaflet of marijuana was set directly on a silicon wafer, and opium in the form of a soft lump was smeared on another silicon wafer for analysis. In these experiments, about 10 pg of contaminant elements could be detected. For example, in a seized methamphetamine sample, iodine was found, which could be indicative of syn-thetic route. In seized 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine samples, variable amounts of phosphorus, calcium, sulfur, and potassium were found, which could not be detected in a control 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine sample. For marijuana and opium, two spectral patterns were ob-tained that were far different from each other and could be easily discriminated. Using SR-TXRF, pg amounts of each trace element in 10 g of var-ious drugs can be easily detected, which is not the case either for a standard TXRF experimental system or for other elemental analysis techniques.
Extraction of Human Nuclear DNA from Feces Samples Using the Qiaamp DNA Stool Mini Kit
Authors: Vandenberg N , Van Oorschot RAH 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The use of a QIAamp DNA Stool Mini Kit (QIAGEN) for extracting human nuclear DNA from feces samples is reported. This method employs a stool lysis buffer and a unique matrix (InhibitEX tablet) to remove PCR inhibitory substances specific to feces samples. DNA extracted from various amounts of stool and from stool samples exposed to different environmental impacts was successfully amplified and typed using the Profiler Plus Amplification Kit and ABI PRISM 310 Genetic Analyser.
Acute Dissociative Responses in Law Enforcement Officers Involved in Critical Shooting Incidents: The Clinical and Forensic Implications
Authors: Rivard JM , Dietz P , Martell D , Widawski M 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The authors examine the prevalence of acute traumatic dissociative responses in a group of 115 law enforcement officers involved in critical incidents. Law enforcement officers were retrospectively surveyed for the presence of dissociative symptoms at the time of the critical in-cident, as well as for the presence of acute stress symptoms and posttraumatic stress symptoms. Results show that 90% of the officers reported ex-periencing a dissociative response during the critical incident. Thirty percent meet the Dissociative Criterion B of acute stress disorder under the DSM-IV. The mean number of dissociative symptoms in this group was two and one-half. In addition, 19% of the law enforcement officers reported varying forms of memory impairment for details of the incident. There were no reports of amnesia for the entire event. The clinical, forensic, and legal implications of these preliminary findings are discussed in this paper.
Optimum Methamphetamine Profiling with Sample Preparation by Solid-Phase Microextraction
Authors: Koester CJ , Andresen BD , Grant PM 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is a relatively new technique in which a small, polymer-coated fiber is employed to extract volatile and semivolatile organic compounds from the sealed headspace above a questioned sample. SPME, coupled with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), was used to characterize impurities in illicit methamphetamine samples. Trace impurities present in a specimen were ten-tatively identified using mass-spectral databases and included 1,2-dimethyl-3-phenyl-aziridine (indicating synthesis via a halogenated ephedrine in-termediate), ethyl vanillin (a flavoring compound), and caffeine (a stimulant used as cutting agent). The types and numbers of organic compounds sampled by SPME were compared with those collected by various solvent extraction protocols. In addition to unambiguously confirming the pres-ence of methamphetamine, SPME-GC/MS analyses detected approximately 30 more organic analytes than were found by GC/MS following the ethyl acetate extraction method adopted by the United Nations International Drug Control Programme. SPME-GC/MS is a superior method for gen-erating material “fingerprint” profiles in methamphetamine samples. The detection and characterization of increased points of comparison in drug samples provide more detailed chemical signatures for both intelligence and operational information.
Identifying Chop Marks on Cremated Bone: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Gruchy S , Rogers TL 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The purpose of this analysis is to evaluate the effects of burning on hacking trauma inflicted with a cleaver and to assess the diag-nostic potential of cleaver marks exposed to fire. Thirty pig forelimbs (radius and ulna) and 30 beef ribs were each subjected to five blows with a cleaver and five cuts with a knife prior to burning in an outdoor fire. Bones were deliberately agitated to ensure maximum cremation and induce fragmentation. Results indicate that hacking weakens bone, making fire-induced fragmentation more likely at the sites of trauma. Chop marks were easily identified on burned bone, their characteristics largely unaffected by cremation.
Successful DNA Typing of a Urine Sample in a Doping Control Case Using Human Mitochondrial DNA Analysis
Authors: Junge A , Steevens M , Madea B 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
In a doping control case, a urine sample was tested positive for nandrolon. We were asked by the athlete to perform DNA investigations on the questioned urine sample and compare these to a fresh blood sample taken from the athlete in order to detect or rule out manipulation and/or switching of the samples. The urine sample had been collected nine months prior to the investigation and had been stored at 4°C. In a first approach, nuclear DNA systems were investigated that failed with the exception of the Amelogenin system. Due to the high copy number of mitochondrial DNA molecules and the robustness of the mitochondrial genome, we investigated the HVR I and HVR II regions of mitochondrial DNA and obtained reproducible and clear sequencing results for both the blood and the urine samples. Due to the identical sequences, it could not be excluded that the blood sample and the urine sample were from the same individual or an individual having the same maternal lineage.
Driver and Front Seat Passenger Fatalities Associated with Air Bag Deployment. Part 1: A Canadian Study
Authors: Shkrum MJ , McClafferty KJ , Nowak ES , German A 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Real world motor vehicle collision research of injuries due to deployment of “first-generation” air bags has been conducted by Transport Canada since 1993. Fifty-three fatal crashes (36 frontal impacts; 17 side collisions) involving 48 drivers and 10 right front passengers were reviewed. In the Canadian data, air bag deployment in five of nine low severity frontal crashes (delta-V (▵V) ≺ 25 km/h or 15 mph) was linked to five deaths, four of whom were autopsied (four adults with craniocervical (basal skull and C2 fracture with brainstem avulsion; “closed head injury” —no autopsy) or chest trauma (aortic or pulmonary artery tears); one child with atlanto-occipital dislocation). An occupant who is close (“outof-position”) to the air bag at the time of deployment is at risk for injury. In 27 high severity frontal impacts, unusual (e.g., pulmonary “blast” hemorrhage in one autopsied case) or isolated potentially survivable injuries (e.g., clinically documented ruptured right atrium; probable flail chest observed during the autopsy on a decomposed body) localized to the head, neck or chest in three possibly out-of-position drivers pointed to the deployed air bag as a source of injury. In one of 17 side collisions an out-of-position driver sustained a radiographically confirmed C1-C2 dislocation in a minimally intruded vehicle.