bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiographic Assessment of Shoulder Position in 619 Idiopathic Scoliosis Patients: Can T1 Tilt Be Used as an Intraoperative Proxy to Determine Postoperative Shoulder Balance?
Authors: Luhmann Scott J. , Sucato Dan J. , Johnston Charles E. , Richards B. Stephens , Karol Lori A. 
Published: May 2015

Background:
The purpose of this study is to assess radiographic shoulder measures from the preoperative to the postoperative time period, specifically to determine whether T1 tilt could be used as an intraoperative proxy for shoulder balance determination. This study focused on radiographic shoulder measures of 619 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients who underwent spinal deformity surgery.

Methods:
A prospective, multicenter database of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis was queried to identify all patients who had undergone spinal deformity surgery with >2 years of follow-up postoperatively. Radiographic analysis focused on measures of shoulder balance: T1 tilt, clavicle angle, and radiographic shoulder height.

Results:
A total of 619 patients were included in this analysis. Mean age at surgery was 14.8 years with 83% female. Mean preoperative curve size was 58.0 degrees. Mean T1 tilt preoperatively was −0.10 degrees and postoperatively 2.42 degrees. Mean clavicle angle preoperatively was −1.39 degrees and postoperatively 0.79 degrees. Mean radiographic shoulder height preoperatively was −7.04 mm and postoperatively 1.63 mm. All 3 radiographic parameters demonstrated reasonable correlation preoperatively and postoperatively to each other. To assess the viability of T1 tilt as an intraoperative proxy for shoulder balance, standardized ratios between the variables were created. Analysis of these ratios demonstrated little or no relationship preoperatively to postoperatively, hence the relationship of T1 tilt to radiographic shoulder height does not remain constant.

Conclusions:
Analysis of the relationship of T1 tilt to radiographic shoulder height from preoperative to postoperative did not demonstrate consistency. Lenke 3 and 6 curve patterns demonstrated preoperative to postoperative correlation, both with nonstructural proximal thoracic curves; however, for the remaining curve patterns T1 tilt cannot be used as an intraoperative proxy for shoulder balance.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV.
Diverse Early Life-History Strategies in Migratory Amazonian Catfish: Implications for Conservation and Management
Authors: Hegg Jens C. , Giarrizzo Tommaso , Kennedy Brian P. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAnimal migrations provide important ecological functions and can allow for increased biodiversity through habitat and niche diversification. However, aquatic migrations in general, and those of the world’s largest fish in particular, are imperiled worldwide and are often poorly understood. Several species of large Amazonian catfish carry out some of the longest freshwater fish migrations in the world, travelling from the Amazon River estuary to the Andes foothills. These species are important apex predators in the main stem rivers of the Amazon Basin and make up the regions largest fishery. They are also the only species to utilize the entire Amazon Basin to complete their life cycle. Studies indicate both that the fisheries may be declining due to overfishing, and that the proposed and completed dams in their upstream range threaten spawning migrations. Despite this, surprisingly little is known about the details of these species’ migrations, or their life history. Otolith microchemistry has been an effective method for quantifying and reconstructing fish migrations worldwide across multiple spatial scales and may provide a powerful tool to understand the movements of Amazonian migratory catfish. Our objective was to describe the migratory behaviors of the three most populous and commercially important migratory catfish species, Dourada (Brachyplatystoma rousseauxii), Piramutaba (Brachyplatystoma vaillantii), and Piraíba (Brachyplatystoma filamentosum). We collected fish from the mouth of the Amazon River and the Central Amazon and used strontium isotope signatures (87Sr/86Sr) recorded in their otoliths to determine the location of early rearing and subsequent. Fish location was determined through discriminant function classification, using water chemistry data from the literature as a training set. Where water chemistry data was unavailable, we successfully in predicted87Sr/86Sr isotope values using a regression-based approach that related the geology of the upstream watershed to the Sr isotope ratio. Our results provide the first reported otolith microchemical reconstruction ofBrachyplatystomamigratory movements in the Amazon Basin. Our results indicate that juveniles exhibit diverse rearing strategies, rearing in both upstream and estuary environments. This contrasts with the prevailing understanding that juveniles rear in the estuary before migrating upstream; however it is supported by some fisheries data that has indicated the presence of alternate spawning and rearing life-histories. The presence of alternate juvenile rearing strategies may have important implications for conservation and management of the fisheries in the region.
Bayesian Inference of Divergence Times and Feeding Evolution in Grey Mullets (Mugilidae)
Authors: Santini Francesco , May Michael R. , Carnevale Giorgio , Moore Brian R. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractGrey mullets (Mugilidae, Ovalentariae) are coastal fishes found in near-shore environments of tropical, subtropical, and temperate regions within marine, brackish, and freshwater habitats throughout the world. This group is noteworthy both for the highly conserved morphology of its members—which complicates species identification and delimitation—and also for the uncommon herbivorous or detritivorous diet of most mullets. In this study, we first attempt to identify the number of mullet species, and then—for the resulting species—estimate a densely sampled time-calibrated phylogeny using three mitochondrial gene regions and three fossil calibrations. Our results identify two major subgroups of mullets that diverged in the Paleocene/Early Eocene, followed by an Eocene/Oligocene radiation across both tropical and subtropical habitats. We use this phylogeny to explore the evolution of feeding preference in mullets, which indicates multiple independent origins of both herbivorous and detritivorous diets within this group. We also explore correlations between feeding preference and other variables, including body size, habitat (marine, brackish, or freshwater), and geographic distribution (tropical, subtropical, or temperate). Our analyses reveal: (1) a positive correlation between trophic index and habitat (with herbivorous and/or detritivorous species predominantly occurring in marine habitats); (2) a negative correlation between trophic index and geographic distribution (with herbivorous species occurring predominantly in subtropical and temperate regions), and; (3) a negative correlation between body size and geographic distribution (with larger species occurring predominantly in subtropical and temperate regions).
A new simulation approach of genetic programming in modelling of soil water retention property of unsaturated soil
Authors: Garg Ankit , Garg Akhil , Zhou Wan-Huan , Tai Kang , Deo M C 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– For measuring the effect of crop root content on soil water retention curves (SWRC), a simulation approach (multi-gene genetic programming (MGGP)), which develops the model structure and its coefficients automatically can be applied. However, it does not perform well due to two vital issues related to its generalization: inappropriate formulation procedure of the multi-gene model and the difficulty in model selection. The purpose of this paper is to propose a heuristic-based-MGGP (N-MGGP) to formulate the functional relationship between the water content and two input parameters (soil suction and volumetric crop root content).

Design/methodology/approach
– A new simulation approach (heuristic-based-MGGP (N-MGGP)), was proposed to formulate the functional relationship between the water content and two input parameters (soil suction and volumetric crop root content). The proposed approach makes use of a statistical approach of stepwise regression and classification methods (Bayes naïve and artificial neural network (ANN)) to tackle the two issues. Simulated data obtained from the models was evaluated against the experimental data.

Findings
– The performance of proposed approach was found to better than that of standardized MGGP. Sensitivity and parametric analysis conducted validates the robustness of model by unveiling dominant input parameters and hidden non-linear relationships.

Originality/value
– To the best of authors’ knowledge, an empirical model is developed that measures the effect of crop root content on the SWRCs. The authors also proposed a new genetic programming approach in simulating the crop root content dependent SWRCs.
An adaptive SVR-HDMR model for approximating high dimensional problems
Authors: Huang Zhiyuan , Qiu Haobo , Zhao Ming , Cai Xiwen , Gao Liang 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– Popular regression methodologies are inapplicable to obtain accurate metamodels for high dimensional practical problems since the computational time increases exponentially as the number of dimensions rises. The purpose of this paper is to use support vector regression with high dimensional model representation (SVR-HDMR) model to obtain accurate metamodels for high dimensional problems with a few sampling points.

Design/methodology/approach
– High-dimensional model representation (HDMR) is a general set of quantitative model assessment and analysis tools for improving the efficiency of deducing high dimensional input-output system behavior. Support vector regression (SVR) method can approximate the underlying functions with a small subset of sample points. Dividing Rectangles (DIRECT) algorithm is a deterministic sampling method.

Findings
– This paper proposes a new form of HDMR by integrating the SVR, termed as SVR-HDMR. And an intelligent sampling strategy, namely, DIRECT method, is adopted to improve the efficiency of SVR-HDMR.

Originality/value
– Compared to other metamodeling techniques, the accuracy and efficiency of SVR-HDMR were significantly improved. The SVR-HDMR helped engineers understand the essence of underlying problems visually.
Solution of problems in dynamic elasticity via a mixed least squares method
Authors: Tchonkova Maria 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to present an original mixed least squares method for solving problems in dynamic elasticity.

Design/methodology/approach
– The proposed approach involves two different types of unknowns: velocities and stresses. The approximate solution to the dynamic elasticity equations is obtained via a minimization of a least squares functional, consisting of two terms: a term, which includes the squared residual of a weak form of the time rate of the constitutive relationships, expressed in terms of velocities and stresses, and a term, which depends on the squared residual of the equations of motion. At each time step the functional is minimized with respect to the velocities and stresses, which for the purpose of this study, are approximated by equal order piece-wise linear polynomial functions. The time discretization is based upon the backward Euler scheme. The displacements are computed from the obtained velocities in terms of a finite difference interpolation. The proposed theoretical formulation is given the general three-dimensional case and is tested numerically on the solution of one-dimensional wave equations.

Findings
– To test the performance of the method, it has been implemented in an original computer code, using object-oriented logic and written from scratch. Two one-dimensional problems from the mathematical physics, with well-known exact analytical solutions, have been solved. The numerical examples include a forced vibrating spring, fixed at its both ends and a rod, vibrating under its own weight, when one of its ends is fixed and the other is traction-free. The performed convergence study suggests that the method is convergent for both: velocities and stresses. The obtained results show excellent agreement between the exact and analytical solutions for displacement modes, velocities and stresses. It is observed that this method appears to be stable for the different mesh sizes and time step values.

Originality/value
– The mixed least squares formulation, described in this paper, serves as a basis for interesting future developments and applications to two and three-dimensional problems in dynamic elasticity.
Soret and Dufour effects in three-dimensional flow over an exponentially stretching surface with porous medium, chemical reaction and heat source/sink
Authors: Hayat Tasawar , Muhammad Taseer , Shehzad Sabir Ali , Alsaedi A. 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to study the Soret and Dufour effects in three-dimensional flow induced by an exponential stretching surface in a porous medium.

Design/methodology/approach
– Series solutions are developed.

Findings
– The authors observed that the temperature profile and thermal boundary layer thickness are enhanced when the authors increase the values of Dufour number. It is also examined that the concentration field and its associated boundary layer thickness are higher for the larger values of Soret number.

Originality/value
– Such investigation is not available in the literature.
Effects of width-to-depth ratio on heat transfer coefficient for gap
Authors: Huang Haiming , Huang Guo 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to perform the stimulation in order to examine the effects on the heat transfer coefficient and the flowfield properties at the vicinity of the gap due to variations in the width-to-depth ratio.

Design/methodology/approach
– The governing equations were discreted by using the finite volume method, and based on pressure-velocity coupled algorithm, the heat transfer coefficients outside and inside the gaps, defined by the width-to-depth ratio of 1, 2/3, 1/2, 1/3 and 1/4, were obtained by the Fluent software.

Findings
– The number of vortex inside the gap depends on the width-to-depth ratio, and the maximum value of the heat transfer coefficient emerges on the downstream surface.

Originality/value
– The study gives a feasible method to simulate the flowfield and the heat transfer inside the gap, which will help the design of the thermal protection system for reentry vehicles.
Numerical study of a thin film flow of fourth grade fluid
Authors: Rasheed Amer , Nawaz Rab , Khan Sohail Ahmed , Hanif Hanifa , Wahab Abdul 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to study the thin film flow of a fourth grade fluid subject to slip conditions in order to understand its velocity profile.

Design/methodology/approach
– An exact expression for flow velocity is derived in terms of hyperbolic sine functions. The practical usage of the exact flow velocity is restrictive as it involves very complicated integrals. Therefore, an approximate solution is also derived using a Galerkin finite element method and numerical error analysis is performed.

Findings
– The behavior of fluid velocity with respect to various flow parameters is discussed. The results are not restrictive to small values of flow parameters unlike those obtained earlier using homotopy analysis method and homotopy perturbation method.

Originality/value
– An approximate solution based on finite element technique is derived.
Towards broadband targets on the EU Digital Agenda 2020: discussion on the demand side of broadband policy
Authors: Kongaut Chatchai , Bohlin Erik 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to propose a guideline for the European Union (EU) to support high-speed broadband development based on economic frameworks and successful countries, Korea and Sweden. In the past decade, both policymakers and academic scholars have so far emphasised broadband policy mostly on the supply side. Increasing broadband adoption, nevertheless, is important for the EU to meet its Digital Agenda. Therefore, demand-side policy is also needed to stimulate high-speed broadband adoption in the EU.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper applies frameworks of network externalities and the information and communications technology ecosystem to provide a better understanding of the relationship between supply- and demand-side policies. In addition, Korea and Sweden, which are two successful countries in high-speed broadband development particularly their demand-side policy, are chosen as a comparative case study.

Findings
– Both supply and demand sides are important to broadband policy to achieve the EU Digital Agenda 2020. It is also important for the policymakers to consider that demand-side policy should complement the implementation of supply-side policy, not substitute it. The demand side can be a great driver, especially with the development of content and applications for high-speed broadband.

Originality/value
– This paper fills the research gap on broadband policy on the demand side which is currently limited in comparison to the supply-side studies.
Acceptance of mobile money by poor citizens of India: integrating trust into the technology acceptance model
Authors: Chauhan Sumedha 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to understand the acceptance of mobile-money (m-money) among target populations, i.e. below-poverty-line citizens in India, using the technology acceptance model (TAM). The m-money service is a major initiative that can enable the provision of low-cost and speedy money transfer through mobile phones, especially in developing countries such as India. For a large section of the population in India, m-money can act as a way to achieve financial inclusion. However, for m-money to succeed, users should accept the initiative wholeheartedly.

Design/methodology/approach
– The survey data were collected from 225 actual and prospective m-money users and analysed using partial least square technique.

Findings
– The findings imply that the trust and the core constructs of TAM such as perceived usefulness, trust and attitude towards usage contribute in influencing the intention to accept m-money. Perceived ease of use neither impacts perceived usefulness nor attitude towards usage.

Practical implications
– This research also provides possible explanations for the significant relationships between the constructs and discusses how this information can be used to enhance the acceptance of m-money among poor Indians.

Originality/value
– This research is original and is based on primary data collection and its interpretation. It provides thorough empirical insights on the acceptance of m-money among poor Indian citizens which is currently a weakly addressed and empirically less explored area of research.
The challenges facing corporate universities in dealing with open innovation
Authors: Rhéaume Louis , Gardoni Mickaël 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to illustrate the quick rise in the popularity of corporate universities since the 1990s. Because knowledge management is becoming imperative to the survival and growth of firms in most industries, better management of corporate universities is becoming more and more critical. The purpose of this paper is to analyze three objectives: Why invest in corporate universities? Which model to adopt? and What are the key challenges facing corporate universities in dealing with the adoption of an open innovation approach?

Design/methodology/approach
– The article provides a general review of corporate universities dealing with open innovation by using a creative synthesis.

Findings
– This paper analyzes the challenges involved in the development of corporate universities and examines how they can deal with open innovation. While few corporate universities have a real strategic role, several initiatives have failed or have been seriously compromised. To create competitive advantages through a corporate university, upper management must dedicate significant resources and have a plan for building the corporate curriculum in order to deal with innovation management.

Research limitations/implications
– Due to the lack of scientific articles on the topic, most of the published articles made by practitioners was used. Further studies are needed to test the recommendations and models.

Practical implications
– This paper identifies some development models and growth avenues for corporate universities. It helps provide an understanding of the challenges associated with open innovation as well as their limits.

Originality/value
– It is among the first papers to link the development of corporate universities with the open innovation approach. It also provides practical advice for managers and academics.
Learning clinical skills during bedside teaching encounters in general practice
Authors: Ajjawi Rola , Rees Charlotte , Monrouxe Lynn V 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to explore how opportunities for learning clinical skills are negotiated within bedside teaching encounters (BTEs). Bedside teaching, within the medical workplace, is considered essential for helping students develop their clinical skills.

Design/methodology/approach
– An audio and/or video observational study examining seven general practice BTEs was undertaken. Additionally, audio-recorded, semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants. All data were transcribed. Data analysis comprised Framework Analysis informed by Engeström’s Cultural Historical Activity Theory.

Findings
– BTEs can be seen to offer many learning opportunities for clinical skills. Learning opportunities are negotiated by the participants in each BTE, with patients, doctors and students playing different roles within and across the BTEs. Tensions emerged within and between nodes and across two activity systems.

Research limitations/implications
– Negotiation of clinical skills learning opportunities involved shifts in the use of artefacts, roles and rules of participation, which were tacit, dynamic and changing. That learning is constituted in the activity implies that students and teachers cannot be fully prepared for BTEs due to their emergent properties. Engaging doctors, students and patients in reflecting on tensions experienced and the factors that influence judgements in BTEs may be a useful first step in helping them better manage the roles and responsibilities therein.

Originality/value
– The paper makes an original contribution to the literature by highlighting the tensions inherent in BTEs and how the negotiation of roles and division of labour whilst juggling two interacting activity systems create or inhibit opportunities for clinical skills learning. This has significant implications for how BTEs are conceptualised.