bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low-temperature Synthesis of (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 Nanopowders by an Urea Sol–Gel Combustion Method
Authors: Van Nguyen Duc , Nhiem Dao Ngoc 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Lead-free piezoelectric (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 nanopowders were synthesized by urea sol–gel combustion method using freshly prepared Nb2O5·nH2O and alkali hydroxides as starting materials and urea as a fuel. The effects of metal cation/urea molar ratio and calcination temperature on the crystalline phase formation of (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 were systematically investigated. The results showed that at a metal cation/urea molar ratio of 1:1, the single crystalline (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 nanopowders, with an average grain size of 15 nm, were synthesized at calcination temperatures as low as 400 °C.
Moscow regional education cluster in tourism and service
Authors: Федулин Александр , Fedulin Aleksandr , Сахарчук Елена , Sakharchuk Elena 
Published: May 2014

The article substantiates the relevance of a cluster model integrating the resources of those participating
in the system of personnel training for the Moscow region tourism and service industry with the view to
alleviating the personnel shortage and the inadequate professional training of the employees in the target
sphere of regional activity. The principle of continuous professional development based on the strategic
complex approach to the demand-for-personnel forecasting is used as the conceptual foundation for the
cluster formation. The authors propose a solution to the personnel issues concerning multisector spheres of
activity: 1) at the regional level; 2) on the intersectoral and interdepartmental basis. The authors describe the
efficiency factors of a cluster-model-based organization of professional training systems providing personnel
training fordifferent spheres of activity. Among these factors are: 1) regional and local authority’s engagement
in solving the staffing problems of the major sector; 2) a recognition by the administrative bodies, educational
establishments, business and society in general of the necessity to consider not only the narrow utility task
of vacancy-filling, but also, more importantly, the task of equipping the learners with valuable personality
tools potentially promoting effective socialization, professionalization, and continuous development through
common cultural, methodical and professional competence formation; 3) the readiness level of participants in
the system of professional training to take a systematic, purposeful and progressive perspective on developing the on-mid-and-long-term-demand training programmes: from professional induction at the initial stages of
learning to advanced training at graduate and postgraduate levels.
Case Article—Take Me Out Of The Ball Game
Authors: Pazgal Amit , Reinhardt Gilles 
Published: May 2014

This paper describes a teaching case in which students model crowd management using process analysis. The case study consists of a classroom exercise that provides a practical illustration of the steps required to analyze a process, the need for abstraction in modeling a process, and an understanding of the relationship between process metrics and their managerial implications. The students are expected to behave as city planning consultants, addressing the long lines fans regularly face when getting home at the end of a Chicago Cubs™ baseball game. The case requires them to use knowledge from operations, economics, and process analysis classes to model, analyze and provide concrete solutions to alleviate crowding. Case Teaching Note: Interested Instructors please see the Instructor Materials page for access to the restricted materials. To maintain the integrity and usefulness of cases published in ITE, unapproved distribution of the case teaching notes and other restricted materials to any other party is prohibited.
Puzzle—IP Satisfied
Authors: Chlond Martin J. 
Published: May 2014

Finding a feasible as opposed to optimal solution of an integer program model comes under the heading of constraint programming and if a model is also a binary integer program (BIP) it is known to be equivalent to the satisfiability (SAT) problem from Boolean logic. Many of the puzzles treated in this column over the years and a host of others fall into this category, that is, they may be modeled purely using binary variables and the aim is to fulfil the conditions of the puzzle rather than to optimize a function. This leads to the possibility that there may be gains in efficiency to be found by looking beyond general IP solvers to more specialized programs. The following article presents five puzzles together with IP formulations where the writer has experienced significant improvements in solution times using a SAT solver rather than a general purpose IP solver. The puzzles will be modeled and solved using three freely available open source packages, namely GLPK, Minisat and SCIP. GLPK and Minisat are both available in the GUSEK distribution from http://gusek.sourceforge.net/gusek.html and SCIP is available from http://scip.zib.de/ . GLPK is a general purpose linear and mixed integer solver, SCIP solves both Integer Programs and Constraint Programs and Minisat is exclusively an SAT solver. The GUSEK environment provides direct access to GLPK and Minisat. It also has the option to generate MPS formatted files of Mathprog models which may be read into SCIP and solved.
Optimal Credit Swap Portfolios
Authors: Giesecke Kay , Kim Baeho , Kim Jack , Tsoukalas Gerry 
Published: May 2014

This paper formulates and solves the selection problem for a portfolio of credit swaps. The problem is cast as a goal program that entails a constrained optimization of preference-weighted moments of the portfolio value at the investment horizon. The portfolio value takes account of the exact timing of protection premium and default loss payments, as well as any mark-to-market profits and losses realized at the horizon. The constraints address collateral and solvency requirements, initial capital, position limits, and other trading constraints that credit swap investors often face in practice. The multimoment formulation accommodates the complex distribution of the portfolio value, which is a nested expectation under risk-neutral and actual probabilities. It also generates computational tractability. Numerical results illustrate the features of optimal portfolios. In particular, we find that credit swap investment constraints can have a significant impact on optimal portfolios, even for simple investment objectives. Our problem formulation and solution approach extend to corporate bond portfolios and mixed portfolios of corporate bonds and credit derivatives. This paper was accepted by Wei Xiong, finance.
The zero lower bound: frequency, duration, and numerical convergence
Authors: Richter Alexander W. , Throckmorton Nathaniel A. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWhen monetary policy faces a zero lower bound (ZLB) constraint on the nominal interest rate, a minimum state variable (MSV) solution may not exist even if the Taylor principle holds when the ZLB does not bind. This paper shows there is a clear tradeoff between the expected frequency and average duration of ZLB events along the boundary of the convergence region – the region of the parameter space where our policy function iteration algorithm converges to an MSV solution. We show this tradeoff with two alternative stochastic processes: one where monetary policy follows a 2-state Markov chain, which exogenously governs whether the ZLB binds, and the other where ZLB events are endogenous due to discount factor or technology shocks. We also show that small changes in the parameters of the stochastic processes cause meaningful differences in the decision rules and where the ZLB binds in the state space.
Preparation of Oxidized Starch Using Environment Friendly Chlorine Dioxide as Oxidant
Authors: Guo Jintang , Huang Yancui , Zhang Jin , Yin Junwei 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
In the present work, the oxidized corn starch was prepared by using chlorine dioxide as novel oxidant. It was characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The main factors that affect the oxidation process were studied, and the oxidation degree of oxidized starch was determined by the carboxyl content and viscosity of the product. The results show that carboxyl groups are introduced into the starch chains successfully, and the oxidation reaction mainly carries out at the amorphous area. Compared with native starch, the light transmittance and anti-retrogradation of oxidized starch increase, whereas the viscosity reduces. The best oxidized starch can be obtained at the sodium chlorate dosage of 3%, hydrochloric acid 4%, and sulfuric acid 3% (all based on the initial starch weight), while the oxidation reaction is conducted at 50°C for 5 h.
Learning motor skills: from algorithms to robot experiments
Authors: Kober Jens 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
In this thesis, we discuss approaches that allow robots to learn motor
skills. Motor skills can often be represented by motor primitives,
which encode elemental motions. To date, there have been a number
of successful applications of learning motor primitives employing
imitation learning. However, many interesting motor learning problems
are high-dimensional reinforcement learning problems which are often
beyond the reach of current reinforcement learning methods. This thesis
contributes to the state of the art in reinforcement learning applied
to robotics both in terms of novel algorithms and applications. We
show how motor primitives can be employed to learn motor skills on
three different levels. All proposed approaches have been extensively
validated with tasks such as Ball-in-a-Cup, darts, table tennis, ball
throwing, or ball bouncing both in simulation, and on real robots.
Plasmonic near-field transducer for heat-assisted magnetic recording
Authors: Zhou Nan , Xu Xianfan , Hammack Aaron T. , Stipe Barry C. , Gao Kaizhong , Scholz Werner , Gage Edward C. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractPlasmonic devices, made of apertures or antennas, have played significant roles in advancing the fields of optics and opto-electronics by offering subwavelength manipulation of light in the visible and near infrared frequencies. The development of heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) opens up a new application of plasmonic nanostructures, where they act as near field transducers (NFTs) to locally and temporally heat a sub-diffraction-limited region in the recording medium above its Curie temperature to reduce the magnetic coercivity. This allows use of very small grain volume in the medium while still maintaining data thermal stability, and increasing storage density in the next generation hard disk drives (HDDs). In this paper, we review different plasmonic NFT designs that are promising to be applied in HAMR. We focus on the mechanisms contributing to the coupling and confinement of optical energy. We also illustrate the self-heating issue in NFT materials associated with the generation of a confined optical spot, which could result in degradation of performance and failure of components. The possibility of using alternative plasmonic materials will be discussed.
Surface-functionalized silica gel adsorbents for efficient remediation of cationic dyes
Authors: Farrukh Aleeza , Akram Attia , Ghaffar Abdul , Tuncel Eylül , Oluz Zehra , Duran Hatice , Rehman Habib ur , Yameen Basit 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe toxic and non-biodegradable nature of organic dyes necessitates the design and synthesis of novel adsorbents for their effective removal from the environment. This study reports an effective remediation behavior of surface-functionalized silica gel against water-soluble cationic dyes (up to 98 % removal). Thiol groups were functionalized at the surface of silica gel (SiO2–SH). The surface-tethered –SH groups were further oxidized to sulfonic acid groups to generate the negatively charged moieties at the surface of silica gel (SiO2–SO3 H). The morphology of the developed adsorbents and the surface modifications were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Uptake study of three cationic dyes, namely, rhodamine B (Rh B), rhodamine 6G (Rh 6G), and crystal violet (CV) with SiO2–SH and SiO2–SO3 H adsorbents was performed by varying the adsorbent amount, contact time, pH of solution, and temperature. The presence of negatively charged species at the surface of SiO2–SO3 H results in an increased electrostatic interaction with the cationic dyes, which leads to better remediation characteristics for SiO2–SO3 H as compared to SiO2–SH. The reusability of the developed adsorbents was also assessed by investigating adsorption/desorption of dyes. The simple fabrication process provides a facile avenue to the adsorbents with efficient remediation towards cationic dyes.
Comparison of cardiac output determined by an ultrasound velocity dilution cardiac output method and by the lithium dilution cardiac output method in juvenile horses with experimentally induced hypovolemia
Authors: Shih Andre C. , Queiroz Patricia , Vigani Alessio , Da Cunha Anderson , Pariaut Romain , Ricco Carolina , Bornkamp Jennifer , Garcia-Pereira Fernando , Bandt Carsten 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Objective—To assess the accuracy of an ultrasound velocity dilution cardiac output (UDCO) method, compared with that of the lithium dilution cardiac output (LiDCO) method, for determination of cardiac output (CO) in juvenile horses with experimentally induced hypovolemia.
Animals—12 anesthetized 2- to 6-month-old horses.
Procedures—For each anesthetized horse, CO was determined by the LiDCO and UDCO methods prior to any intervention (baseline state), after withdrawal of approximately 40% of the horse's blood volume (low CO state), after maintenance of hypovolemia and infusion of norepinephrine until mean arterial blood pressure was equal to baseline value (high CO state), and after further infusion of norepinephrine and back-transfusion of withdrawn blood (posttransfusion state). For each of the 4 hemodynamic situations, CO and calculated cardiac index (CI) values were obtained by each method in duplicate (8 pairs of measurements/horse); mean values for each horse and overall mean values across all horses were calculated. Agreement between CI determined by each method (96 paired values) was assessed by Bland-Altman analysis.
Results—For the UDCO method–derived CI measurements among the 12 horses, mean ± SD bias was −4 ± 11.3 mL/kg/min (95% limits of agreement, −26.1 to 18.2 mL/kg/min) and mean relative bias was −10.4 ± 21.5% (95% limits of agreement, −52.6% to 31.8%).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that, compared with the LiDCO method, the UDCO method has acceptable clinical usefulness for determination of CO in foals.
L’enchevêtrement des questions épistémologiques, morales et religieuses chez Pierre Bayle
Authors: McKenna Antony 
Published: May 2014

L’oeuvre de Bayle est appréhendée ici comme la mise en évidence d’une problématique qui ne naît pas de l’importation d’idées anglaises mais surgit du coeur même de la philosophie classique – cartésienne, malebranchiste – dans les efforts qu’elle fait pour constituer une nouvelle «philosophie chrétienne » , «servante de la foi » , se substituant ainsi au thomisme. C’est dire que Bayle explore les apories du rationalisme théologique proposé par ses contemporains dans le sillage de Malebranche : il tient le malebranchisme pour la philosophie chrétienne la plus accomplie, mais souligne néanmoins qu’elle est vulnérable à des objections insolubles. Ayant d’abord, dans le Commentaire philosophique, érigé en loi absolue le rationalisme moral – indépendant de la foi – comme le fondement de sa doctrine de la tolérance, il sera conduit par les attaques de Jurieu à souligner le caractère irrationnel de la foi chrétienne, qui se définit par des propositions logiques et morales absolument contraires à la raison. Ensuite, déclare-t-il dans les
Éclaircissements, il soumet sa raison à cette «folie de la croix » . Cette soumission est contraire au rationalisme moral du Commentaire : comment expliquer ces déclarations contradictoires ? Nous proposons une contextualisation historique – politique et religieuse – qui peut fournir la clef de ces incohérences apparentes.
Faire advenir l'effet : le moment opportun en psychothérapie dans le miroir de la Chine
Authors: Lê Quang Duc 
Published: May 2014

En suivant les thèses du sinologue François Jullien, nous confrontons deux visions du monde sur les interventions de crise. Celle de la Grèce antique qui glorifie le sujet, l’action et la volonté pour affronter le monde suivant un plan qu’elle a pensé et projeté sur la situation : elle bâtit le monde. Et celle de la Chine qui s’efface au point de se fondre dans le cours des choses pour mieux faire advenir leurs effets en anticipant sur le pas encore visible : elle transforme le monde.
Le concept de forme dans la philosophie de Spinoza
Authors: Ofrath Yehouda 
Published: May 2014

Le concept de forme, qui, avec ses dérivés (« former », « formel », etc.), apparaît à cent vingt-sept occurrences dans les écrits de Spinoza, fait-il pour lui partie d’une terminologie philosophique traditionnelle, ou bien lui confère-t-il un sens original, différent de celui que connaît la tradition ? Une réponse affirmative à la première question expliquerait le manque d’intérêt des commentateurs. Une réponse affirmative à la seconde question constitue le but de cet article, qui entend montrer que ce concept, dans ses multiples occurrences, désigne chez Spinoza univoquement ce qui constitue l’être réel de la chose singulière par l’actualisation de la substance dans des formes qui constituent sa nature.
Ce que la liberté doit à la vérité dans la dernière philosophie de Schelling
Authors: Roux Alexandra 
Published: May 2014

Dans ses derniers écrits, Schelling s’attache à penser non seulement ce qu’a d’irréductible la liberté comme telle, mais aussi ce que la liberté doit à la vérité. Pour démêler les rapports entre ces deux notions centrales, il faut tenir compte de deux lois, qualifiées de « suprêmes » et auxquelles rien ne saurait échapper, la règle de Justice et la loi de l’unité de l’être et de la pensée. Trois questions s’imposent alors : 1) Tout d’abord, celle de leur possible concurrence : comment deux lois peuvent-elles être également suprêmes ? 2) Celle de leur conciliation avec la liberté : comment peuvent-elles avoir force de lois à l’égard du Dieu libre sans que sa liberté soit par là même brimée ? 3) Celle de leur origine : si ces deux lois s’imposent à l’égard de Dieu même, d’où proviennent-elles ?
Personnalité et impersonnalité dans la religion
Authors: Nishitani Keiji , Takada Tadanori , Stevens Bernard 
Published: May 2014

Traduction (par Tadanori Takada et Bernard Stevens) des sections 3 à 5 du deuxième chapitre de Qu’est-ce que la religion ? (Tôkyo, Éditions Sôbunsha, 1961), le maître ouvrage du philosophe japonais Keiji Nishitani (1900-1990). Ce chapitre porte sur l’essence de la personne divine et constitue une méditation autour de la pensée de Maître Eckhart ainsi que sur la notion néotestamentaire de kénose .
Un cours d'Auguste Comte d'après des notes inédites
Authors: Leboyer Olivia 
Published: May 2014

Récemment découvert dans le fonds Parodi de la Fondation Nationale des Sciences politiques (Paris), un manuscrit d’une centaine de pages de notes prises à un cours donné par Auguste Comte au Palais-Cardinal en 1850 promet de nous éclairer sur l’importance de l’enseignement pour Comte et sur la place, dans le développement de sa pensée, des cours de 1849 à 1851.
L'acquisition de la causalité est-elle comparable chez tous les enfants ?
Authors: Martinot Claire 
Published: May 2014

Les relations causales (cause et conséquence) sont considérées comme un phénomène linguistique complexe du fait de la très grande diversité des moyens d’expression qui leur sont dévolus. Elles sont, normalement, acquises au cours de la longue période des acquisitions tardives (4-12 ans). Cet article a pour objectif de montrer qu’au même âge, les enfants (28 enfants de 6 ans et 22 enfants de 10 ans) maîtrisent de façon extrêmement contrastée les relations causales selon qu’ils sont ou non stimulés linguistiquement dans leur milieu familial, et par conséquent « favorisés » (F) ou « défavorisés » (D) linguistiquement. Chaque enfant doit effectuer la même tâche, individuellement : raconter à l’expérimentateur l’histoire qui vient de lui être lue. Cette histoire renferme dix relations causales non marquées par un connecteur, ce qui rend leur repérage plus difficile. L’analyse des reformulations de ces relations causales montre que : 1. les enfants de 10 ans (F) reformulent plus souvent les relations causales, et avec des moyens linguistiques plus complexes, que les enfants de 6 ans (F) et (D) ; 2. Les enfants (D) de 6 et 10 ans reformulent en moyenne beaucoup moins ces relations causales que leurs pairs (F) de même âge ; 3. Chez les enfants (D), il n’y a pas de corrélation entre le nombre d’enfants qui reformulent une relation causale et le nombre d’enfants qui reformulent la ou les séquences narratives dans lesquelles se trouvent ces relations : certaines séquences narratives sont en effet reformulées par tous les enfants (D) sans qu’aucune relation causale, contenue pourtant dans les séquences en question, ne soit reformulée. 4. Le processus acquisitionnel est très net entre les enfants de 6 ans (F) et de 10 ans (F) ; il n’est pas visible entre les enfants de 6 ans (D) et de 10 ans (D).
OLD AGE STEREOTYPING: A Comparison of Nursing Staff Attitudes Toward the Elderly
Authors: Devine Barbara A 
Published: May 2014

This descriptive study compares the opinions of nursing staff from two geriatric settings in an effort to explore the degree of stereotyping of the elderly.
Many progressive geriatric institutions have attempted to manipulate the total milieu of the residents in an effort to lessen the pernicious effects of institutionalization. It is hoped that new rehabilitative programs will develop networks of formative relationships for the resident. Moreover, in many circumstances "milieu therapy" should instill in the residents feelings of worth and independence that will result in an increase in functional abilities. Nursing staff attitudes must be positive and constructive in an effort to form a therapeutic environment.
The two settings differed in that one institution, a geriatric hospital had initiated milieu therapy, whereas the other, a private nursing home, had not yet set into motion the program, although they were in the planning stages.
Data was collected by using a questionnaire developed by Ontario Welfare Council that measured opinions toward the elderly. A sample size of 97 nursing staff, (registered nurses, certified nursing assistants, and nursing orderlies) were used, most specifically to measure the degree of stereotyping of the elderly.
The results from a three-factor analysis of variance with age as a covariate did not indicate any statistically significant differences in attitudes toward the elderly between the nursing staff in both institutions.