bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Faster clonal turnover in high‐infection habitats provides evidence for parasite‐mediated selection
Authors: Paczesniak D. , Adolfsson S. , Liljeroos K. , Klappert K. , Lively C. M. , Jokela J. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAccording to the Red Queen hypothesis for sex, parasite‐mediated selection against common clones counterbalances the reproductive advantage of asexual lineages, which would otherwise outcompete sexual conspecifics. Such selection on the clonal population is expected to lead to a faster clonal turnover in habitats where selection by parasites is stronger. We tested this prediction by comparing the genetic structure of clonal and sexual populations of freshwater snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum between years 2003 and 2007 in three depth‐specific habitats in Lake Alexandrina (South Island, New Zealand). These habitats differ in the risk of infection by castrating trematodes and in the relative proportion of sexual individuals. As predicted, we found that the clonal structure changed significantly in shallow and mid‐water habitats, where prevalence of infection was high, but not in the deep habitat, where parasite prevalence was low. Additionally, we found that both clonal diversity and evenness of the asexual population declined in the shallow habitat. In contrast, the genetic structure (based on F–statistics) of the coexisting sexual population did not change, which suggests that the change in the clonal structure cannot be related to genetic changes in the sexual population. Finally, the frequency of sexuals had no effect on the diversity of the sympatric clonal population. Taken together, our results show a more rapid clonal turnover in high‐infection habitats, which gives support for the Red Queen hypothesis for sex.
Development characteristics of the box‐tree moth Cydalima perspectalis and its potential distribution in Europe
Authors: Nacambo S. , Leuthardt F. L. G. , Wan H. , Li H. , Haye T. , Baur B. , Weiss R. M. , Kenis M. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe box‐tree moth Cydalima perspectalis (Walker) is an invasive pest causing severe damage to box trees (Buxus spp.). It is native to Japan, Korea and China, but established populations have been recorded in a number of locations across Europe since 2007 and the spread of the insect continues. The developmental investigations suggest that larvae overwinter mainly in their 3rd instar in Europe and that diapause is induced by a day length of about 13.5 h. One and a half to 2 months in the cold are necessary to terminate diapause. Threshold temperatures for development and number of degree‐days to complete a generation are slightly different from those calculated in previous studies in Japan. A bioclimatic (CLIMEX®) model for C. perspectalis in Europe was developed, based on climate, ecological and developmental parameters from the literature and new field and laboratory studies on diapause termination, thermal requirements and phenology. The model was then validated with actual distribution records and phenology data. The current distribution and life history of C. perspectalis in Europe were consistent with the predicted distribution. The climate model suggests that C. perspectalis is likely to continue its spread across Europe, except for Northern Fenno‐Scandinavia, Northern Scotland and high mountain regions. The northern distribution of C. perspectalis is expected to be limited by a number of degree‐days above the temperature threshold insufficient to complete a generation, whereas its southern range is limited by the absence of a cold period necessary to resume diapause. The model predicts relatively high Ecoclimatic Indices throughout most of Europe, suggesting that the insect has the potential of becoming a pest in most of its predicted range. However, damage is likely to be higher in Southern and Central Europe where the moth is able to complete at least two generations per year.
Systematic Review of Treatment Modalities for Gingival Depigmentation: A Random‐Effects Poisson Regression Analysis
Authors: Lin Yi Hung , Tu Yu Kang , Lu Chun Tai , Chung Wen Chen , Huang Chiung Fang , Huang Mao Suan , Lu Hsein Kun 
Published: January 2014

AbstractObjectiveRepigmentation variably occurs with different treatment methods in patients with gingival pigmentation. A systemic review was conducted of various treatment modalities for eliminating melanin pigmentation of the gingiva, comprising bur abrasion, scalpel surgery, cryosurgery, electrosurgery, gingival grafts, and laser techniques, to compare the recurrence rates (Rrs) of these treatment procedures.Material and MethodsElectronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Google, and Medline were comprehensively searched, and manual searches were conducted for studies published from January 1951 to June 2013. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, the final list of articles was reviewed in depth to achieve the objectives of this review. A Poisson regression was used to analyze the outcome of depigmentation using the various treatment methods.ResultsThe systematic review was based on case reports mainly. In total, 61 eligible publications met the defined criteria. The various therapeutic procedures showed variable clinical results with a wide range of Rrs. A random‐effects Poisson regression showed that cryosurgery (Rr = 0.32%), electrosurgery (Rr = 0.74%), and laser depigmentation (Rr = 1.16%) yielded superior result, whereas bur abrasion yielded the highest Rr (8.89%).ConclusionsWithin the limit of the sampling level, the present evidence‐based results show that cryosurgery exhibits the optimal predictability for depigmentation of the gingiva among all procedures examined, followed by electrosurgery and laser techniques.Clinical SignificanceIt is possible to treat melanin pigmentation of the gingiva with various methods and prevent repigmentation. Among those treatment modalities, cryosurgery, electrosurgery, and laser surgery appear to be the best choices for treating gingival pigmentation.
Moisture Sorption Characteristics of Pineapple Processing Waste: Shell and Central Cylinder
Authors: Viganó Juliane , Gabas Ana Lúcia , Telis‐Romero Javier 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe moisture adsorption isotherms of pineapple processing waste – shell and central cylinder – were determined at 40, 50, 60 and 70C using a gravimetric method. The sorption data were fitted to six well‐known sorption isotherm models. The Guggenheim–Anderson–de Boer model was found to be the most satisfactory to represent the equilibrium moisture content data for the pineapple shells and central cylinders. The thermodynamic properties – differential enthalpy and entropy – were estimated by the Clausius–Clapeyron method. The differential enthalpy of the pineapple shells and central cylinders ranged between 11.486 to 1.671 kJ/mol and 23.655 to −0.945 kJ/mol, respectively. The differential entropy had minimum values at 0.04 and 0.005 kgwater/kgdry solids for the pineapple shells and central cylinders, respectively. The pineapple shells presented two lines of compensation, one controlled by entropy and the other controlled by enthalpy and the pineapple central cylinders showed only one zone controlled by enthalpy mechanisms.Practical ApplicationsThis work presents information about the moisture sorption characteristics of pineapple processing waste. This kind of information is important for designing the unit operations necessary in the waste process use. In addition, knowledge of the moisture sorption characteristics is useful with respect to selection of packaging materials and storage stability. In general, this work gives relationship between water activity, entropy, enthalpy and moisture content of pineapple processing waste.
Moving Forward: Developing Theoretical Contributions in Management Studies
Authors: Cornelissen Joep P. , Durand Rodolphe 
Published: January 2014

AbstractHow do we, as management researchers, develop novel theoretical contributions and, thereby, potentially break new ground in management studies? To address this question, we review previous methodological work on theorizing and advance a typology of the reasoning processes that underlie theoretical contributions and significant advances in management studies. This typology consists of various types of analogical and counterfactual reasoning, ranging from focused thought experiments aimed at prodding existing theory in the direction of alternative assumptions, constructs, and hypotheses to more expansive efforts for inducing new theoretical models and alternative explanations. Applying this typology, we detail the mechanisms behind the formation of novel theoretical contributions and illustrate the currency of our typology through a review of 24 major theoretical breakthroughs in management studies. We conclude the paper by discussing the implications of this typology for our collective efforts in building, elaborating, and expanding theory in management studies.
An In Vitro Comparison of Fracture Load of Zirconia Custom Abutments with Internal Connection and Different Angulations and Thickness: Part I
Authors: Albosefi Abdalah , Finkelman Matthew , Zandparsa Roya 
Published: January 2014

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the fracture load of one‐piece zirconia custom abutments with different thicknesses and angulations.Materials and MethodsForty zirconia custom abutments were divided into four groups. Group A‐1 and group B‐1 simulated a clinical situation with an ideal implant position, which allows for the use of straight zirconia custom abutments with two thicknesses (0.7 and 1 mm). Groups A‐2 and B‐2 simulated a situation with a compromised implant position requiring 15° angulated abutments with different thicknesses (0.7 and 1 mm). Implant replicas were mounted in self‐cure acrylic jigs to support the abutments in all groups. The zirconia custom abutments were engaged in the implant replicas using a manual torque wrench. Each jig was secured and mounted in a metallic vice 30° relative to a mechanical indenter. All groups were subjected to shear stress until failure using a universal testing machine with a 0.5 mm/min crosshead speed with the force transferred to the lingual surface of the zirconia custom abutments 2 mm below the top surface. The universal testing machine was controlled via a computer software system that also completed the stress‐strain diagram and recorded the breaking fracture load. The fracture loads were recorded for comparison among the groups and subjected to statistical analysis (two‐way ANOVA).ResultsThe mean fracture load of zirconia custom abutments across the groups (A‐1 through B‐2) ranged from 160 ± 60 to 230 ± 95 N. The straight zirconia custom abutment exhibited the highest fracture load among the groups (p = 0.009); however, the thickness of the zirconia custom abutment had no influence on the strength of any of the specimens (p = 0.827).ConclusionsThere was no statistically significant difference in fracture strength between the 0.7 and 1.0 mm groups; however, angulated zirconia custom abutments had the lowest fracture load.Clinical ImplicationThe results of this in vitro study will help dental practitioners with their decision‐making process in selecting the type of custom abutment to be used clinically.
Prosthetic Rehabilitation with Collapsible Hybrid Acrylic Resin and Permanent Silicone Soft Liner Complete Denture of a Patient with Scleroderma‐Induced Microstomia
Authors: Singh Kunwarjeet , Gupta Nidhi , Gupta Ridhimaa , Abrahm Dex 
Published: January 2014

AbstractScleroderma is an autoimmune multisystem rheumatic condition characterized by fibrosis of connective tissues of the body, resulting in hardening and impairment of the function of different organs. Deposition of collagen fibers in peri‐oral tissues causes loss of elasticity and increased tissue stiffness, resulting in restricted mouth opening. A maximal oral opening smaller than the size of a complete denture can make prosthetic treatment challenging. Patients with microstomia who must wear removable dental prostheses (RDPs) often face the difficulty of being unable to insert or remove a conventional RDP. A sectional‐collapsible denture is indicated for the prosthetic management of these patients, but reduced manual dexterity often makes intraoral manipulation of the prosthesis difficult. A single collapsible complete denture is a better choice for functional rehabilitation of these patients. This clinical report describes in detail the prosthodontic management of a maxillary edentulous patient with restricted mouth opening induced by scleroderma with a single collapsible removable complete denture fabricated with heat‐polymerized silicone soft liner and heat‐cured acrylic resin. The preliminary and secondary impressions were made with moldable aluminum trays by using putty and light‐body poly(vinyl siloxane) elastomeric impression material. The collapsed denture can be easily inserted and removed by the patient and also provides adequate function in the mouth.
Nonthyroidal Illness Syndrome in Adult Horses
Authors: Hilderbran A.C. , Breuhaus B.A. , Refsal K.R. 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundThis study was performed to determine whether sick horses have thyroid hormone (TH) alterations similar to those observed in nonthyroidal illness syndrome in other species.HypothesisHorses suffering from systemic diseases have decreasedTHs and inappropriately low thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH).AnimalsSeventy‐one clinically normal horses; 380 hospitalized horses.MethodsTotal thyroxine (TT4), free thyroxine by equilibrium dialysis (fT4D), total triiodothyronine (TT3), free triiodothyronine (fT3), andTSHwere measured in normal and hospitalized horses. Disease severity was categorized as mild, moderate, or severe by both subjective and objective criteria.ResultsNegative correlations existed between allTHs, exceptTSH, and objective illness severity scores. These scores also increased with each subjective disease severity category.TT3 andfT3 were decreased with mild disease.TT3 progressively decreased more with moderate and severe disease.TT4 andfT4D remained normal with mild disease, but decreased progressively with disease severity.TSHincreased with mild disease, but remained normal with moderate or severe disease. Horses that died or were euthanized had lower concentrations of allTHs, exceptTSH, when compared with those that lived. In horses that received >3 doses of NSAIDs, corticosteroids, or heparin compared to 0–3 doses,TT3 andTT4 were decreased, whereasfT4D andTSHremained normal. There were minimalTHchanges in horses that were not eating.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThyroid hormones decrease in horses with systemic disease.TT3 decreases first, followed byTT4 andfT4D.TSHfails to increase proportionally to the changes inTHs, indicating hypothalamic–pituitary axis dysregulation. NSAIDs, corticosteroids, heparin, and fasting have less effect onTHs compared with disease severity.
Holter Monitoring of Small Breed Dogs with Advanced Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease with and without a History of Syncope
Authors: Rasmussen C.E. , Falk T. , Domanjko Petrič A. , Schaldemose M. , Zois N.E. , Moesgaard S.G. , Åblad B. , Nilsen H.Y. , Ljungvall I. , Höglund K. , Häggström J. , Pedersen H.D. , Bland J.M. , Olsen L.H. 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundSyncope is a transient loss of consciousness occasionally occurring in dogs with advanced myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD).Objective(1) To studyECGchanges during syncopal episodes in dogs with advancedMMVDand (2) to compare the occurrence of arrhythmias and changes in heart rate variability (HRV) between dogs with advancedMMVDwith and without a history of syncope.AnimalsForty‐three privately owned dogs (<15 kg) with advancedMMVD: 21 with and 22 without a history of syncope.MethodsProspective study with dogs recruited for an evaluation including history, physical examination, echocardiography, and arrhythmia andHRVanalysis performed on 24‐hour Holter recordings.ResultsA syncopal episode was observed during Holter monitoring in 4 dogs: 3 dogs had sinus rhythm and 1 dog had sinus arrest followed by escape rhythm. An arrhythmia variable representing sinus arrhythmia was significantly lower in dogs with a history of syncope than in those without (P = .008). Eight of 26HRVvariables were significantly different between dogs with and without a history of syncope.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceCompared with dogs without a history of syncope, dogs with advancedMMVDand a history of syncope did not have a higher occurrence of arrhythmias, but had less sinus arrhythmia, and had changes inHRVvariables representing decreased overallHRV, decreased parasympathetic, and increased sympathetic modulation of heart rate.
Treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus infection in the United States: some remaining obstacles
Authors: Searson Gloria , Engelson Ellen S. , Carriero Damaris , Kotler Donald P. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractHepatitis C infection is an important problem in inner city neighbourhoods, which suffer from multiple health disparities. Important factors in this population include alcoholism and substance abuse, mental illness and homelessness, which may be combined with mistrust, poor health literacy, limited access to healthcare and outright discrimination. Systemic barriers to effective care include a lack of capacity to provide comprehensive care, insufficient insurance coverage, poor coordination among caregivers and between caregivers and hospitals, as well as third party payers. These barriers affect real world treatment effectiveness as opposed to treatment efficacy, the latter reflecting the world of clinical trials. The components of effectiveness include efficacious medications, appropriate diagnosis and evaluation, recommendation for therapy, access to therapy, acceptance of the diagnosis and its implications by the patient and adherence to the recommended therapy. Very little attention has been given to assisting the patient to accept the diagnosis and adhere to therapy, i.e. care coordination. For this reason, care coordination is an area in which greater availability could lead to greater acceptance/adherence and greater treatment effectiveness.
The effect of IL‐17 on the production of proinflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinase‐1 by human periodontal ligament fibroblasts
Authors: Shibata M. , Shintaku Y. , Matsuzaki K. , Uematsu S. 
Published: January 2014

Structured AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the effects of IL‐17 on IL‐6, IL‐1β, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP‐1) production, and to compare the MMP‐1 production between the individual and combined effects of IL‐1β and IL‐6 in human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPDLF).Materials and MethodsHuman periodontal ligament fibroblasts were cultured with IL‐17 for 0.5, 1, 4, 24, 48, and 72 h, and were cultured with IL‐1β, IL‐6/sIL‐6R, or a combination of IL‐1β and IL‐6/sIL‐6R for 24 h. To measure the mRNA levels of IL‐6, IL‐1β, and MMP‐1, total RNA was extracted from the cultured HPDLF, and a real‐time PCR analysis was performed. The protein levels of IL‐6, IL‐1β, and MMP‐1 in supernatants were measured using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs).ResultsIL‐17 significantly increased the expression of IL‐6 and MMP‐1 mRNA and protein, while IL‐17 transiently increased the expression of IL‐1β mRNA. The combination of IL‐1β and IL‐6/sIL‐6R induced significantly higher levels of MMP‐1 protein than IL‐1β alone.ConclusionsIL‐17 upregulated the production of IL‐6 and MMP‐1 sequentially in HPDLF. IL‐6/sIL‐6R may enhance the effects of IL‐1β on MMP‐1 production. The present results suggest that IL‐17 induces MMP‐1 production not only directly, but also indirectly by promoting IL‐6 production, thus resulting in the degradation of collagens in the PDL.
Successful use of C‐Mac video laryngoscope in a child with large parapharyngeal mass
Authors: Sinha Renu , Rewari Vimi , Varma Prerna , Kumar Ashish 
Published: January 2014

SummaryAn eleven‐year‐old child presented with a history of gradually increasing left side neck swelling and snoring for the last 6 years. He was initially scheduled for biopsy and on a second occasion for transcervical excision of left parapharyngeal mass under general anesthesia. Examination showed a left lateral pharyngeal and tonsillar mass compressing the oropharyngeal airway. CT neck showed a soft tissue mass (7 × 6 × 9 cm) in the left retropharyngeal space causing a bulge in the oropharynx with lateral deviation of carotid artery and internal jugular vein. During the first anesthesia for the biopsy, oral fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB), direct laryngoscopy, and Glidescope video laryngoscopy failed to visualize the glottis and epiglottis. After repeated attempts, intubation was possible with direct laryngoscopic‐guided oral FOB. Fifteen days later, for the definitive surgery, the glottis was visualized at the first attempt using a C‐Mac video laryngoscope and endotracheal intubation was successful at the first attempt after laryngeal manipulation. We discuss the potential causes of failure of intubation with the other airway devices in this child.
Parental quality of life and depressive mood following methylphenidate treatment of children with attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Kim Yeni , Kim Bongseog , Chang Jae‐Seung , Kim Bung‐Nyun , Cho Soo‐Churl , Hwang Jun‐Won 
Published: January 2014

AimThis naturalistic study investigated the associations between quality of life and depressive mood in parents and symptom changes in attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) children.MethodsAt baseline and at weeks 4 and 8, the parents evaluated their children, who were receiving treatment with osmotic‐release oral system methylphenidate (mean dosage 36.3 ± 15.5 mg/day), using the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham – Fourth Edition (SNAP‐IV‐18) scale. The parents evaluated themselves using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment, Brief Version (WHOQOL‐BREF).ResultsA significant reduction in SNAP‐IV‐18 scores and improvements in parental BDI scores and parental WHOQOL‐BREF scores were observed. The decrease in BDI scores from baseline to 8 weeks was significantly associated with increases in WHOQOL‐BREF sub‐domain scores from baseline to 8 weeks, with a greater decrease at 4 weeks and after. The decrease in the SNAP‐IV‐18 hyperactivity–impulsivity score was significantly associated with increases in WHOQOL social sub‐domain scores from baseline to 8 weeks. For those patients who showed a 25% or greater decrease in the SNAP‐IV‐18 total scores from baseline to 8 weeks, the decreases in the SNAP‐IV‐18 total score and in the inattention and hyperactivity–impulsivity scores were significantly associated with a decrease in BDI scores from baseline to 8 weeks.ConclusionMethylphenidate treatment for ADHD was associated with both symptom alleviation in children with ADHD and improvement in parental depressive mood and quality of life, suggesting that the effects of treatment could go beyond symptom improvement in ADHD.