bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Satellite‐based estimates of Antarctic surface meltwater fluxes
Authors: Trusel Luke D. , Frey Karen E. , Das Sarah B. , Munneke Peter Kuipers , van den Broeke Michiel R. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis study generates novel satellite‐derived estimates of Antarctic‐wide annual (1999–2009) surface meltwater production using an empirical relationship between radar backscatter from the QuikSCAT (QSCAT) satellite and melt calculated from in situ energy balance observations. The resulting QSCAT‐derived melt fluxes significantly agree with output from the regional climate model RACMO2.1 and with independent ground‐based observations. The high‐resolution (4.45 km) QSCAT‐based melt fluxes uniquely detect interannually persistent and intense melt (>400 mm water equivalent (w.e.) year−1) on interior Larsen C Ice Shelf that is not simulated by RACMO2.1. This supports a growing understanding of the importance of a föhn effect in this region and quantifies the resulting locally enhanced melting that is spatially consistent with recently observed Larsen C thinning. These new results highlight important cryosphere‐climate interactions and processes that are presently not fully captured by the coarser‐resolution (27 km) regional climate model.
A study on environment‐friendly polymer gel for water shut‐off treatments in low‐temperature reservoirs
Authors: Dai Caili , Zhao Guang , You Qing , Zhao Mingwei 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn this study, the zirconium acetate crosslinked gel systems are studied owing to their environment‐friendly and gelation performance in low‐temperature reservoirs through rheological measurements, environmental scanning electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The effects of various parameters on the gelation properties, stability, and microstructure in bottle test and porous media were addressed. With the increase of concentrations and temperature, gelation time is reduced and gel strength is increased. In addition, the gel systems show salt tolerance and shearing resistance. The environment‐friendly gel systems have a high stability in both injection water and formation water. A three‐dimensional network structure was formed in the gel and confirmed by environmental scanning electron microscopy. The three‐dimensional gel network was also formed in porous media, which bridges across the pore throats and reduced the water permeability in the formation. This study suggests that environment‐friendly polymer gels can be used for water shut‐off treatments in low‐temperature reservoirs. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40154.
Distribution and Alteration of Lymphatic Vessels in Knee Joints of Normal and Osteoarthritic Mice
Authors: Shi Jixiang , Liang Qianqian , Zuscik Michael , Shen Jie , Chen Di , Xu Hao , Wang Yong‐Jun , Chen Yan , Wood Ronald W. , Li Jia , Boyce Brendan F. , Xing Lianping 
Published: November 2013

ObjectiveTo investigate the distribution and alteration of lymphatic vessels and draining function in knee joints of normal and osteoarthritic mice.MethodsFor the mouse models of osteoarthritis (OA), we used mice with meniscal‐ligamentous injury or mice with conditional knockout of the gene for cartilage transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) type II receptor. The severity of cartilage loss and joint destruction was assessed histologically. Capillary and mature lymphatic vessels were identified and analyzed using double immunofluorescence staining and a whole‐slide digital imaging system. Lymphatic drainage of knee joints was examined using near‐infrared lymphatic imaging. Patient joint specimens obtained during total knee or hip arthroplasty were evaluated to verify the content validity of the mouse findings.ResultsLymphatic vessels were distributed in soft tissues (mainly around the joint capsule, ligaments, fat pads, and muscles of normal knees). The number of lymphatic vessels, particularly the number of capillaries, was significantly increased in joints of mice with mild OA, while the number of mature lymphatic vessels was markedly decreased in joints of mice with severe OA. OA knees exhibited significantly decreased lymph clearance. The number of both capillary and mature lymphatic vessels was significantly decreased in the joints of patients with OA.ConclusionThe whole‐slide digital imaging system is a powerful tool, enabling the identification and assessment of lymphatic microvasculature in the entire mouse knee. Lymphatic capillaries and mature vessels are present in various soft tissues around articular spaces. Abnormalities of lymphatic vessels and draining function, including significantly reduced numbers of mature vessels and impaired clearance, are present in OA joints.
Practical Considerations for Using Novel Oral Anticoagulants in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Savelieva Irene , Camm A. John 
Published: November 2013

AbstractNovel oral anticoagulants, including dabigatran, rivaroxaban, and apixaban, represent new options for preventing stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation, as shown by the results from large, randomized phase III trials. Because of their greater specificity, rapid onset of action, and predictable pharmacokinetics, the novel oral anticoagulants (dabigatran, rivaroxaban, and apixaban) address several limitations of warfarin or other vitamin K antagonists in day‐to‐day clinical practice. However, a range of practical questions relating to the novel oral anticoagulants has emerged, including topics such as patient selection, treatment of patients with renal impairment, risk of myocardial infarction, drug interactions, switching between anticoagulants, and management of bleeding, in addition to use of these agents in patients requiring antiplatelet drug treatment or undergoing cardioversion or percutaneous interventions (eg, ablation). In this review, practical aspects of the use of novel oral anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation are discussed, with reference to available data and guidance from prescribing information.
Influence of Aldrich humic acid and metal precipitates on survivorship of mayflies (Atalophlebia spp.) to acid mine drainage
Authors: Holland Aleicia , Duivenvoorden Leo J. , Kinnear Susan H.W. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

Humic substances (HS) have been shown to decrease the toxicity of environmental stressors, but knowledge of their ability to influence the toxicity of multiple stressors such as metal mixtures and low pH associated with acid mine drainage (AMD) is still limited. The present study investigated the ability of HS to decrease toxicity of AMD to mayflies (Atalophlebia spp.). The AMD was collected from the Mount Morgan (Mount Morgan, Queensland, Australia) open pit. Mayflies were exposed to concentrations of AMD at 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% in the presence of 0 mg/L, 10 mg/L, and 20 mg/L Aldrich humic acid (AHA). A U-shaped response was noted in all AHA treatments, with higher rates of mortality recorded in the 2% and 3% dilutions compared with 4%. This result was linked with increased precipitates in the lower concentrations. A follow-up trial showed significantly higher concentrations of precipitates in the 2% and 3% AMD dilutions in the 0 mg/L AHA treatment and higher precipitates in the 2% AMD, 10 mg/L and 20 mg/L AHA, treatments. Humic substances were shown to significantly increase survival of mayflies exposed to AMD by up to 50% in the 20 mg/L AHA treatment. Humic substances may have led to increased survival after AMD exposure through its ability to influence animal physiology and complex heavy metals. These results are valuable in understanding the ability of HS to influence the toxicity of multiple stressors. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:567–572. © 2013 SETAC
Effects of hydrochar application on the dynamics of soluble nitrogen in soils and on plant availability
Authors: Bargmann Inge , Rillig Matthias C. , Kruse Andrea , Greef Jörg‐Michael , Kücke Martin 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBefore hydrochars can be applied as soil amendments in agriculture, information about how hydrochar application affects soil nutrient cycles and plant growth are necessary. In this study, incubation experiments were performed to investigate hydrochar effects on N concentrations (NO$ _3^- $, NH$ _4^+ $) in soils with different N pools (soil N, fertilizer N). A set of pot trials with three crop species (barley, phaseolus bean, leek) was conducted to determine hydrochar effects on plant N availability and biomass production after mineral‐N fertilization. Results of the incubation experiments show that hydrochar reduced the concentration of mineral N in soil within the first week after incorporation, especially that of nitrate. This was particularly evident, when hydrochars with high C : N ratio, high DOC and low mineral‐N contents were applied. Hydrochars promoted biomass production of barley and phaseolus bean in pot trials, which can be partly attributed to an increase in soil pH after hydrochar incorporation. Dry‐matter yield of leek tended to decrease after hydrochar application. Hydrochars with high C : N ratio decreased the plant's N content, an effect that was strongest with increased hydrochar concentration. Hydrochars with low C : N ratio did not affect the crop's N uptake. Our results show that the use of hydrochars as amendment in arable field or horticultural pot production will require an adjustment of N‐mineral‐fertilization strategies.
The Final Intraoperative Parathyroid Hormone Level: How Low Should It Go?
Authors: Wharry Laura I. , Yip Linwah , Armstrong Michaele J. , Virji Mohamed A. , Stang Michael T. , Carty Sally E. , McCoy Kelly L. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackgroundIn minimally invasive surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT), intraoperative parathyroid hormone (IOPTH) monitoring assists in obtaining demonstrably better outcomes, but optimal criteria are controversial.MethodsThe outcomes of 1,108 initial parathyroid operations for sporadic HPT using IOPTH monitoring from 1997 to 2011 were stratified by final post‐resection IOPTH level. All patients had adequate follow‐up to verify cure.ResultsWith mean follow‐up of 1.8 years (range 0.5–14.3 years), parathyroidectomy using IOPTH monitoring failed in 1.2 % of cases, with an additional 0.5 % incidence of long‐term recurrence at a mean of 3.2 years (range 0.8–6.8 years) postoperatively. Operative success was equally likely with a final IOPTH drop to 41–65 pg/mL vs ≤40 pg/mL (p = 1). In the 76 patients with an elevated baseline IOPTH level that did not drop to ≤65 pg/mL, surgical failure was 43 times more likely than with a drop into normal range (13 vs. 0.3 %; p < 0.001). When the final IOPTH level dropped by >50 % but not into the normal range, surgical failure was 19 times more likely (3.8 vs. 0.2 %; p = 0.015). Long‐term recurrence was more likely in patients with a final IOPTH level of 41–65 pg/mL than with a level ≤40 pg/mL (1.2 vs. 0; p = 0.016).ConclusionsAdjunctive intraoperative PTH monitoring facilitates a high cure rate for initial surgery of sporadic primary hyperparathyroidism. A final IOPTH level that is within the normal range and drops by >50 % from baseline is a strong predictor of operative success. Patients with a final IOPTH level between 41–65 pg/mL should be followed beyond 6 months for long‐term recurrence.
A single supplement of a standardised bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) extract (36 % wet weight anthocyanins) modifies glycaemic response in individuals with type 2 diabetes controlled by diet and lifestyle
Authors: Hoggard Nigel , Cruickshank Morven , Moar Kim-Marie , Bestwick Charles , Holst Jens J. , Russell Wendy , Horgan Graham 
Published: November 2013

AbstractDietary strategies for alleviating health complications associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are being pursued as alternatives to pharmaceutical interventions. Berries such as bilberries (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) that are rich in polyphenols may influence carbohydrate digestion and absorption and thus postprandial glycaemia. In addition, berries have been reported to alter incretins as well as to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that may also affect postprandial glycaemia. The present study investigated the acute effect of a standardised bilberry extract on glucose metabolism in T2D. Male volunteers with T2D (n 8; BMI 30 (sd 4) kg/m2) controlling their diabetes by diet and lifestyle alone were given a single oral capsule of either 0·47 g standardised bilberry extract (36 % (w/w) anthocyanins) which equates to about 50 g of fresh bilberries or placebo followed by a polysaccharide drink (equivalent to 75 g glucose) in a double-blinded cross-over intervention with a 2-week washout period. The ingestion of the bilberry extract resulted in a significant decrease in the incremental AUC for both glucose (P = 0·003) and insulin (P = 0·03) compared with the placebo. There was no change in the gut (glucagon-like peptide-1, gastric inhibitory polypeptide), pancreatic (glucagon, amylin) or anti-inflammatory (monocyte chemotactic protein-1) peptides. In addition there was no change in the antioxidant (Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity, ferric-reducing ability of plasma) responses measured between the volunteers receiving the bilberry extract and the placebo. In conclusion the present study demonstrates for the first time that the ingestion of a concentrated bilberry extract reduces postprandial glycaemia and insulin in volunteers with T2D. The most likely mechanism for the lower glycaemic response involves reduced rates of carbohydrate digestion and/or absorption.
Individual Zn2SnO4-sheathed ZnO heterostructure nanowires for efficient resistive switching memory controlled by interface states
Authors: Cheng Baochang , Ouyang Zhiyong , Chen Chuan , Xiao Yanhe , Lei Shuijin 
Published: November 2013

AbstractResistive switching (RS) devices are widely believed as a promising candidate for next generation nonvolatile resistance random access memory. Here, Zn2SnO4-sheathed ZnO core/shell heterostructure nanowires were constructed through a polymeric sol–gel approach followed by post-annealing. The back-to-back bipolar RS properties were observed in the Ohmic contact two-terminal devices based on individual core/shell nanowires. With increasing bias to about 1.5 V, it changes from high-resistance states (HRS) to low-resistance states and however, it can be restored to HRS by reverse bias. We propose a new mechanism, which is attributed to the injection of electrons into/from interfacial states, arising from the lattice mismatch at ZnO/Zn2SnO4 heterointerface. Upon applying negative/positive voltage at one end of devices, where interfacial states are filled/emptied, barrier will be eliminated/created, resulting into symmetric RS characteristics. The behavior of storage and removal charges demonstrates that the heterostructures have excellent properties for the application in resistance random access memory.
Tocol Composition and Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of Lipids from Barley Pearling Flour
Authors: Temelli F. , Stobbe K. , Rezaei K. , Vasanthan T. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractSamples of whole grain and 35% pearling flour of 20 different barley varieties grown in Alberta were analyzed for their lipid contents. Total lipid contents of whole grains were within 1.9% to 3.0% (w/w), whereas those of the 35% pearling flour were 4.3% to 7.9%. Lipids of 35% pearling flour fraction of Tercel barley were extracted using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC‐CO2) at different pressures (24, 45, and 58 MPa) and temperatures (40 and 60 °C) for 3 h. Lipid recoveries of 73% to 97% were achieved using SC‐CO2 extraction under different operational conditions. Tocol contents and compositions of whole grain, 35% pearling flour, and SC‐CO2 extracts were analyzed using HPLC. Tocol content of the whole grain was 53.8 to 124.9 μg/g and that of the pearling flour was 195 to 363 μg/g of flour. The hulless barley varieties were higher in tocols, with waxy, double waxy and Tercel varieties having the highest levels (P < 0.05). The ratios of total tocotrienols to total tocopherols varied within 1.6 to 3.9 range. Tocol concentrations of SC‐CO2 extract fractions varied from 1171 to 4391 μg/g extract depending on the operational conditions. Barley oil is a good natural source of different tocol isomers rich in tocotrienols.
Differences in incidence and trends of haematological malignancies in Japan and the United States
Authors: Chihara Dai , Ito Hidemi , Matsuda Tomohiro , Shibata Akiko , Katsumi Akira , Nakamura Shigeo , Tomotaka Sobue , Morton Lindsay M. , Weisenburger Dennis D. , Matsuo Keitaro 
Published: November 2013

SummaryThe incidence of a malignant disease reflects the genetic and cumulative exposure to the environment of a population. Therefore, evaluation of the incidence and trends of a disease in different populations may provide insights into its aetiology and pathogenesis. To evaluate the incidence of haematological malignancies according to specific subtypes, we used population‐based registry data in Japan (N = 125 148) and the United States (US; N = 172 925) from 1993 to 2008. The age‐adjusted incidence of haematological malignancies in Japan was approximately one‐half that in the US but has been increasing significantly, whereas no significant change was seen in the US [annual percent change (95% C confidence interval): Japan, +2·4% (1·7, 3·1); US, +0·1% (−0·1, 0·2)]. Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) showed the largest differences in incidence, with the most remarkable differences observed for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, HL‐nodular sclerosis, mycosis fungoides and cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma. HL and NHL are increasing substantially in Japan but not in the US, suggesting that environmental exposures, such as Westernization of the life style may be causing this increase. Differences in the incidence and trends for specific subtypes also showed a marked contrast across subtypes, which, in turn, may provide significant new insights into disease aetiology in the future.
Sequential Learning, Predictability, and Optimal Portfolio Returns
Authors: JOHANNES MICHAEL , KORTEWEG ARTHUR , POLSON NICHOLAS 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThis paper finds statistically and economically significant out‐of‐sample portfolio benefits for an investor who uses models of return predictability when forming optimal portfolios. Investors must account for estimation risk, and incorporate an ensemble of important features, including time‐varying volatility, and time‐varying expected returns driven by payout yield measures that include share repurchase and issuance. Prior research documents a lack of benefits to return predictability, and our results suggest that this is largely due to omitting time‐varying volatility and estimation risk. We also document the sequential process of investors learning about parameters, state variables, and models as new data arrive.
How mangrove forests adjust to rising sea level
Authors: Krauss Ken W. , McKee Karen L. , Lovelock Catherine E. , Cahoon Donald R. , Saintilan Neil , Reef Ruth , Chen Luzhen 
Published: November 2013

SummaryMangroves are among the most well described and widely studied wetland communities in the world. The greatest threats to mangrove persistence are deforestation and other anthropogenic disturbances that can compromise habitat stability and resilience to sea‐level rise. To persist, mangrove ecosystems must adjust to rising sea level by building vertically or become submerged. Mangroves may directly or indirectly influence soil accretion processes through the production and accumulation of organic matter, as well as the trapping and retention of mineral sediment. In this review, we provide a general overview of research on mangrove elevation dynamics, emphasizing the role of the vegetation in maintaining soil surface elevations (i.e. position of the soil surface in the vertical plane). We summarize the primary ways in which mangroves may influence sediment accretion and vertical land development, for example, through root contributions to soil volume and upward expansion of the soil surface. We also examine how hydrological, geomorphological and climatic processes may interact with plant processes to influence mangrove capacity to keep pace with rising sea level. We draw on a variety of studies to describe the important, and often under‐appreciated, role that plants play in shaping the trajectory of an ecosystem undergoing change.

Contents

Summary
19

I.
Introduction
19

II.
Important characteristics of mangrove ecosystems
20

III.
Patterns of elevation change in mangroves
20

IV.
Biological influences on accretion and elevation change
21

V.
Factors affecting root contributions to vertical soil development
26

VI.
Some potential climatic and environmental feedbacks
29

VII.
Perspectives
30

Acknowledgements
31

References
31
Apelin inhibits the development of diabetic nephropathy by regulating histone acetylation in Akita mouse
Authors: Chen Hong , Li Jianshuang , Jiao Lihua , Petersen Robert B. , Li Jiong , Peng Anlin , Zheng Ling , Huang Kun 
Published: November 2013

Key points
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major complication of diabetes, key features of which include glomerular mesangial expansion, hypertrophy, renal inflammation and accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins in the kidney.
Histone acetylation plays an important role in the regulation of inflammation in DN.
We found that apelin‐13, the most active member of the adipokine apelin group, decreased glomerular filtration rate, proteinuria, glomerular hypertrophy and mesangial expansion, down‐regulated histone acetylation and suppressed renal inflammation in Akita mouse, a spontaneous DN mouse model.
In mesangial cell lines, apelin‐13 treatment not only inhibited high glucose‐induced histone hyperacetylation and inflammation factors, but also up‐regulated histone deacetylase 1.
These results revealed the possible mechanisms underlying the regulation of histone acetylation in DN and provide novel approaches to explore the beneficial effects of apelin‐13 on DN.
AbstractDiabetic nephropathy is the primary cause of end‐stage renal disease. Increasing numbers of patients are suffering from this disease and therefore novel medications and therapeutic approaches are urgently needed. Here, we investigated whether apelin‐13, the most active member of the adipokine apelin group, could effectively suppress the development of nephropathy in Akita mouse, a spontaneous type 1 diabetic model. Apelin‐13 treatment decreased diabetes‐induced glomerular filtration rate, proteinuria, glomerular hypertrophy, mesangial expansion and renal inflammation. The inflammatory factors, activation of NF‐κB, histone acetylation and the enzymes involved in histone acetylation were further examined in diabetic kidneys and high glucose‐ or sodium butyrate‐treated mesangial cells in the presence or absence of apelin‐13. Apelin‐13 treatment inhibited diabetes‐, high glucose‐ and NaB‐induced elevation of inflammatory factors, and histone hyperacetylation by upregulation of histone deacetylase 1. Furthermore, overexpression of apelin in mesangial cells induced histone deacetylation under high glucose condition. Thus, apelin‐13 may be a novel therapeutic candidate for treatment of diabetic nephropathy via regulation of histone acetylation.