bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monitoring and Modeling the Terrestrial System from Pores to Catchments: The Transregional Collaborative Research Center on Patterns in the Soil–Vegetation–Atmosphere System
Authors: Simmer Clemens , Thiele-Eich Insa , Masbou Matthieu , Amelung Wulf , Bogena Heye , Crewell Susanne , Diekkrüger Bernd , Ewert Frank , Hendricks Franssen Harrie-Jan , Huisman Johan Alexander , Kemna Andreas , Klitzsch Norbert , Kollet Stefan , Langensiepen Matthias , Löhnert Ulrich , Rahman A. S. M. Mostaquimur , Rascher Uwe , Schneider Karl , Schween Jan , Shao Yaping , Shrestha Prabhakar , Stiebler Maik , Sulis Mauro , Vanderborght Jan , Vereecken Harry , van der Kruk Jan , Waldhoff Guido , Zerenner Tanja 
Published: December 2014

AbstractMost activities of humankind take place in the transition zone between four compartments of the terrestrial system: the unconfined aquifer, including the unsaturated zone; surface water; vegetation; and atmosphere. The mass, momentum, and heat energy fluxes between these compartments drive their mutual state evolution. Improved understanding of the processes that drive these fluxes is important for climate projections, weather prediction, flood forecasting, water and soil resources management, agriculture, and water quality control. The different transport mechanisms and flow rates within the compartments result in complex patterns on different temporal and spatial scales that make predictions of the terrestrial system challenging for scientists and policy makers. The Transregional Collaborative Research Centre 32 (TR32) was formed in 2007 to integrate monitoring with modeling and data assimilation in order to develop a holistic view of the terrestrial system. TR32 is a long-term research program funded by the German national science foundation Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), in order to focus and integrate research activities of several universities on an emerging scientific topic of high societal relevance. Aiming to bridge the gap between microscale soil pores and catchment-scale atmospheric variables, TR32 unites research groups from the German universities of Aachen, Bonn, and Cologne, and from the environmental and geoscience departments of Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH. Here, we report about recent achievements in monitoring and modeling of the terrestrial system, including the development of new observation techniques for the subsurface, the establishment of cross-scale, multicompartment modeling platforms from the pore to the catchment scale, and their use to investigate the propagation of patterns in the state and structure of the subsurface to the atmospheric boundary layer.
Comparing Survival Following Hip Fracture Repair in VHA and Non-VHA Facilities
Authors: Hutt Evelyn , Radcliff Tiffany A. , Henderson William , Maciejewski Matthew , Cowper-Ripley Diane , Whitfield Emily 
Published: December 2014

Introduction: Although postsurgical outcomes are similar between Veterans Health Administration (VHA) and non-VHA hospitals for many procedures, no studies have compared 30-day and 1-year survival following hip fracture repair. Therefore, this study compared survival of veterans aged 65 years and older treated in VHA hospitals with a propensity-matched cohort of Medicare beneficiaries in non-VHA hospitals. Materials and Methods: Retrospective cohort study of 1894 hip fracture repair patients in VHA or non-VHA hospitals between 2003 and 2005. Current Procedural Terminology codes identified 3542 male patients aged >65 years who had hip fracture repair between 2003 and 2005 in the Veterans Affairs’ National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database. The Medicare comparison sample was drawn from 2003 to 2005 Medicare Part A inpatient hospital claims files. To create comparable VHA and Medicare cohorts, patients were propensity score matched on age, admission source (community vs. nursing home), repair type, comorbidity index, race, year, and region. Thirty-day and 1-year survival after surgery were compared between cohorts after further adjustment for selected comorbidities, year of surgery, and pre- and postsurgical length of hospital stay using logistic regression. Results: Odds of survival were significantly better in the Medicare than the VHA cohort at 30 days (1.68, 95% CI 1.15-2.44) and 1 year (1. 35, 95% CI 1.08-1.69). Conclusion: Medicare beneficiaries with hip fracture repair in non-VHA hospitals had better survival than veterans in VHA hospitals. Whether this is driven by unobserved patient characteristics or systematic care differences is unknown.
Expression of Gastrin-Releasing Peptide by Excitatory Interneurons in the Mouse Superficial Dorsal Horn
Authors: Gutierrez-Mecinas Maria , Watanabe Masahiko , Todd Andrew J 
Published: December 2014

Background: Gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) and its receptor have been shown to play an important role in the sensation of itch. However, although GRP immunoreactivity has been detected in the spinal dorsal horn, there is debate about whether this originates from primary afferents or local excitatory interneurons. We therefore examined the relation of GRP immunoreactivity to that seen with antibodies that label primary afferent or excitatory interneuron terminals. We tested the specificity of the GRP antibody by preincubating with peptides with which it could potentially cross-react. We also examined tissue from a mouse line in which enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) is expressed under control of the GRP promoter. Results: GRP immunoreactivity was seen in both primary afferent and non-primary glutamatergic axon terminals in the superficial dorsal horn. However, immunostaining was blocked by pre-incubation of the antibody with substance P, which is present at high levels in many nociceptive primary afferents. EGFP+ cells in the GRP-EGFP mouse did not express Pax2, and their axons contained the vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGLUT2), indicating that they are excitatory interneurons. In most cases, their axons were also GRP-immunoreactive. Multiple-labelling immunocytochemical studies indicated that these cells did not express either of the preprotachykinin peptides, and that they generally lacked protein kinase Cγ, which is expressed by a subset of the excitatory interneurons in this region. Conclusions: These results show that GRP is expressed by a distinct population of excitatory interneurons in laminae I-II that are likely to be involved in the itch pathway. They also suggest that the GRP immunoreactivity seen in primary afferents in previous studies may have resulted from cross-reaction of the GRP antibody with substance P or the closely related peptide neurokinin A.
Evaluation of Calixarenes as Antioxidants in Complex Lithium Grease
Authors: Chao Mianran , Li Weimin , Wang Xiaobo 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The thermal stability and antioxidant performance of 4-tert-butylcalix[4]arene (B4) and 4-tert-butylcalix[8]arene (B8) were investigated and compared with those of 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene (BHT). Both B4 and B8 were superior to BHT in thermal stability. In addition, B4 and B8 also showed obvious antioxidant capacity in complex lithium grease (LG). Hence, calixarenes are promising antioxidants with good thermal stability and antioxidation performance.
Linking normative theory to media policy-making: A case study of Kenya
Authors: Ugangu Wilson , Fourie Pieter 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The Kenyan media landscape has transformed considerably in the period starting in the early part of the 1990s. This change is largely attributed to liberalization of the social economic and political context. This period of expansion has at the same time seen various efforts by the government and its agencies to control and regulate the media landscape. The electronic media sector has been the most affected, with laws being proposed and passed by parliament to enable greater control by government of the expanding communication sector. However, these efforts have always been met with opposition from owners of media institutions in the country, academics and civil society. It is against this backdrop of change and transformation that this article seeks to argue the role of normative media theory in shaping and guiding the policy debate in Kenya. This is done against the background of acknowledging the general flux that characterizes normative media theory in a postmodern, globalized and new media landscape such as Kenya’s.
If you won’t pay them, buy them!: Merger mania in distribution and content markets
Authors: Evens Tom 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Structural changes in TV markets are resulting in carriage disputes that have spread from the United States to Europe. A carriage dispute refers to a disagreement between a pay-TV operator and a broadcaster over the right to ‘carry’ a broadcaster’s channel. TV broadcasters are demanding ever increasing payments from pay-TV operators that complain about lower-profit margins due to spiralling programming costs. This article discusses vertical mergers between distributors and broadcasters as a possible way to reduce retransmission payments and to secure cheap and privileged access to programming in today’s hypercompetitive video markets.
Expelling a monstrous matriarchy: Casting Cersei Lannister as abject in A Song of Ice and Fire
Authors: Patel C. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
In the fantasy genre where the female characters are so often in the minority, it is disturbing that George R. R. Martin chooses to reinvent the traditional male fantasy hero with female characters that are presented as monstrous for attempting to gain power in a patriarchal society. This article will be discussing Martin’s A Song of Ice and Fire series (1999–), examining the character of Cersei Lannister and the reasons as to why she cannot gain power in a patriarchal system. In the first part of this article, I will depict how Cersei gains power by creating what I term ‘political prostheses’, which serve as substitutions for her female body and create a masculine armouring through which she can take part in the political field and patriarchal society. As I will demonstrate in the second part of this article, unlike the other mother characters, Cersei’s monstrosity comes about through the amalgamation of incompatible images of womanhood, which is complicated further by incest. Consequently, as I will emphasize in the last part of this article, Cersei is expelled from society at the end of the last published book through a ritual that can be read as one of abjection.
Gender-defined spaces, places and tropes: Contemporary transgender representation in Tomboy and Romeos
Authors: Saunders Keeley 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Recent trans-cinema releases, Tomboy (Sciamma, 2011) and Romeos (Bernardi, 2011), present compelling alternatives to the traditional representation of transgender characters and issues in mainstream Hollywood productions. They are just two of a number of films in the last decade that challenge the lack of attention given to the complexity of individuals’ identities and the neglect of trans-subjectivities in mainstream representation. These contemporary European independent productions exemplify a shift towards a clearer sense of films being about transgender life: depicting elements of real-life experiences, and transitions, of trans-identities. Utilizing the work of academics Marjorie Garber, John Phillips and Judith Jack Halberstam and the now-out-of-date ‘canon’ of trans-cinema (including Mrs. Doubtfire (Columbus, 1993) and Psycho (Hitchcock, 1960)), this article explores the evolution of fictional cinematic representation of transgender identities. Focusing on a common trope developed in the earlier ‘classic’ Hollywood films – the depiction of urinary segregation – this article will argue how the theme of gendered spaces and places is reappropriated in the contemporary films and used to portray transgender lives and experiences more adequately.
‘For you are a man and she is a maid’: Performing masculinity in Orientalist medieval and modern popular romance fiction
Authors: Burge Amy 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Dominant, virile, brooding: the alpha male is quintessential in modern western popular romance published by companies such as Harlequin Mills & Boon. One persistent iteration of the alpha is the Middle Eastern sheikh, whose hypermasculinity seems initially at odds with the ‘feminine penetrability’ of the Oriental east with which he is connected. Yet, the modern sheikh romance was not the first genre to persistently represent eastern romantic heroes; in late medieval England, the most popular secular texts were romances, several of which contained Orientalist heroes. This article scrutinizes the masculine performance of the sheikh hero in light of the romance genre’s medieval history. I consider how the masculinities of modern and medieval eastern romance heroes are inextricably connected to their eastern surroundings. Focusing on the Middle English romance Floris and Blancheflour, I identify two contrasting models of eastern hypo- and hyper-masculinity that make overt deviant gender performance and the associated anxiety and effect on heterosexual gender relations. Finally, I re-examine the presentation of the hypermasculine sheikh hero, arguing that these romances too exhibit anxiety about male gender identity in the east. These romances, medieval and modern, thus acknowledge and deny Said’s effeminate Orient and its destabilizing potential.
Monocytosis in a patient with a novel GATA2 mutation
Authors: Cada Michaela , Lara-Corrales Irene , Dror Yigal , Feanny Stephen , Hong-Diep Kim Vy , Grunebaum Eyal 
Published: December 2014

GATA2-associated disorders include: (i) monocytopenia with mycobacterial infections (MonoMAC); (ii) dendritic cell, monocyte, B and NK lymphoid deficiency; (iii) familial myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia; and (iv) congenital deafness with lower limb lymphedema deficiency (Emberger syndrome). Markedly reduced or absent monocytes have been considered as the hallmark of the disease. Here we report on a patient that presented in infancy with hearing loss and lymphedema. By 4 years of age the patient developed acne, disseminated warts, lymphadenopathy, and MDS, yet with increased monocyte as well as normal NK- and B-cell numbers. The patient was found to have a novel mutation in GATA2 that was predicted to disrupt the C-terminal zinc finger. Importantly, and in contrast to common concepts, GATA2-associated syndromes might present with monocytosis. Statement of novelty: We describe a novel mutation in GATA2 associated with monocytosis.
Traveling wave solutions for (3 + 1) dimensional
equations arising in fluid mechanics
Authors: Khan Najeeb Alam , Khan Hassam 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

In this note, traveling wave solutions for (3 + 1)
dimensional fluid models of incompressible flow are considered.
The governing partial differential equations of
two models are reduced to ordinary differential equation
by employing wave parameter and exact solutions are obtained.
It is shown that these fluid models allow 3 + 1 dimensional
solutions amongst each other. The methodology
used in this work is independent of symmetric consideration
and other restrictive assumption. Finally, a set of
example of boundary condition is discussed for the couple
stress fluid. It is observed that velocity profile strongly
depends upon couple stress parameter.
Towards Four Phase Autosegmentation and Microporosity Quantification
Authors: Bennetzen Martin V. , Sølling Theis I. , Marquez Xiomara 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The topic of digital rock physics including experimental imaging techniques such as computed tomography (CT) is on the rise in oil and gas research. The aim is to map the pore architecture and subsequently to model multiphase flow with the prospect of improving and developing enhanced oil recovery methods. The initial computational step to construct the pore network architecture is the so-called segmentation of CT-tomograms into the constituent phases.
We have probed two different packages, Avizo and MANGO to address pros and cons of the packages and the segmentation process itself. Segmentation involves a substantial amount of manual assignment of grayscale intensity thresholds to the given phases. This is a significant challenge in particular as the process is based on qualitative judgment and hence subjected to a substantial human bias. Importantly, in carbonates, where the very small pores are unresolvable under the experimental conditions, segmentation becomes particularly challenging.
In order to be able to make consistent, unbiased and quantitative segmentation of a full high-resolution tomogram we have developed a fully deterministic autosegmentation algorithm. The segmentation results in quantification of the macroporosity, microporosity and of specific minerals such as pyrite.
The autosegmentation algorithm is based on an advanced statistical analysis of the global and local intensity distributions of the tomogram. The method involves local normal distribution fitting, differential curve intersection analysis, density function estimation and subsequent derivative analysis. The statistics-based definition of microporosity represents in itself a novel approach to the characterize microporosity, where microporosity identification and quantitation are based on properties of the well-defined region of intensity distributions of the present grains and macroporosity. Identification of special minerals such as pyrite is based on statistical outlier analysis.
In the paper we present (1) an algorithm to perform automated CT-image segmentation, (2) a method to quantitatively distinguish microporosity from macroporosity, (3) a method to identify special minerals and (4) a method to estimate the relative presence of grain, macroporosity, microporosity and selected special minerals.
New Generation of High Strength Sour Service Drill Pipe: A Breakthrough Innovation to Address Ultradeep and Extended-Reach Drilling Challenges Combined with H2S Environments
Authors: Flores Vincent , Rodrigues Ricardo , Godeke Kenneth , Thebault Florian 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
"Sour Service" refers to a well environment containing Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S), which is naturally associated with acid conditions. It is well known that H2S is hazardous to human health, living organisms, and more generally to the environment. It is for this reason that wells found with Sour Gas were often carefully plugged and abandoned in the past. H2S can also lead to catastrophic brittle failure of drillstring components: the physical phenomenon associated with Sour Service Environments and affecting steel based products under applied or residual stress is known as H2S embrittlement or more specifically as Sulfide Stress Cracking (SSC).
With the increasing demand of gas worldwide, some highly sour oil and gas reservoirs are being explored, mainly in Russia, the Middle East, China and North America, and are now more and more associated with complex well profiles – such as deep reservoirs or extended reach wells. The use of high strength drill pipe is essential to achieve such drilling objectives; however it does represents significant technical challenges in terms of drill pipe integrity and operational safety with the current high strength grades available on the market, such as S-135 drill pipe. Because higher strength is generally detrimental to Sulfide Stress Cracking, innovative chemistries and new heat treatment processes are needed to push Sour Service material limits even further.
A new high strength drill pipe family has been developed to specifically address those challenges: these new grades exhibit a minimum Yield Strength (120 ksi) higher than the current Sour Service grades available on the market as described by the current industry standards (95ksi or 105 ksi Specified Minimum Yield Strength). In order to guarantee the SSC resistance of these high strength materials, pipes and tool joints are tested as per the NACE standards. A first string of this high strength material is already being commercialized and used for the first time in offshore wells in the North Sea.
Knowledge and Experience Transfer, an on the Job Training Approach
Authors: Dawoud A. M. , Stander J. , Al Hosani S. , Al Mazrouei H. , Esteves C. , Hussein T. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Bridging about 20 years of Knowledge and Experience (K&E) gap usually is done through commercial training schools and it was found that not more than 30% knowledge transfer takes place due to the academic nature of teaching practices.
The Competence Assurance Management System (CAMS) program was developed in 2002 to facilitate the development of fresh graduates joining the company and provide them with the required K&E. The CAMS framework was designed to cover K&E equivalent to 8-12 years in a 4 years program. The program has been very effective and some of the CAMS graduates are currently holding middle management positions. Considerable efforts are being made as there is still a need to close K&E gaps due to increase in number of the experienced staff reaching retirement age and are about to retire. Some have left already.
Since its launch CAMS frameworks have been updated to achieve 10-15 years equivalent K&E gain in 4 years or less focusing on more on the job training of real work. Although coaching is provided by experienced staff it was not sufficient enough to bridge the gaps within the period required due the business objective of the coaches to meet their responsibilities.
To ensure the set objectives are achieved, the service of some of the retired long experience staff (30 years+ with ADCO) have been extended to be fully devoted to follow up the CAMS program staff and provide the required technical assistance and support as On the Job Trainers (OJTs). The OJTs cover all the disciplines in the fields operations as well as the technical in the main office. Pilot trials of in-house courses by the appointed OJTs showed high success and appreciation by the CAMS staff as the required level of K&E based on real examples from ADCO was transferred.