bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The professional ‘Creed’ of francophone journalists in linguistic majorities and minorities in Canada
Authors: Bernier Marc-François 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Scientific research concentrating on Quebec journalism and media has been conducted for nearly 40 years. It may be said that in 2014, the domain is richer and more fertile than ever. Such an emphasis on Quebec, however, gives the impression that there is no francophone journalism worthy of research outside of that province. To compensate somewhat for this shortcoming, I propose two proceedings. First, I will sketch a sociological portrait of journalists in Canadian francophone minorities in order to present a more general overview of this population. Second, I will compare their professional priorities with those of two homologous groups: Quebec journalists, and francophone and anglophone Canadian journalists. This comparison will allow us to observe that journalists in francophone minorities (JFMs) are not so different after all from their counterparts, though they have certain distinguishing traits that I will attempt to explain.
Planning policies for language diversity: The weight of national realities in applying international conventions
Authors: Guyot Jacques 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The term ‘language diversity’ is subjected to many contradictory and paradoxical discourses. Facing the effects of economic and cultural globalization, the variety of the languages spoken in the world is on the decline, despite a keen awareness it is a precious universal heritage. Besides, many countries, included those signing the international conventions promoted by the ILO (International Labour organization), the UNESCO or the European Union, are reluctant to plan linguistic policies for minorities. On the basis of enquiries and critical survey of legal texts, the comparative survey between Europe and some Latin American countries, shows how national realities are still shaped by the balance of powers inherited from domination and colonialism. Special attention will be paid to media; in this particular field, what linguistic minorities need to exist within the democratic public sphere is the right to communication: such challenge is presently becoming a reality in some Latin American countries like Argentina.
Identification of AGO3-Associated miRNAs and Computational Prediction of Their Targets in the Green Alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Voshall Adam , Kim Eun-Jeong , Ma Xinrong , Moriyama Etsuko N , Cerutti Heriberto 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii harbors many types of small RNAs (sRNAs) but little is known about their role(s) in the regulation of endogenous genes and cellular processes. To define functional microRNAs (miRNAs) in Chlamydomonas, we characterized sRNAs associated with an argonaute protein, AGO3, by affinity purification and deep sequencing. Using a stringent set of criteria for canonical miRNA annotation, we identified 39 precursor miRNAs, which produce 45 unique, AGO3-associated miRNA sequences including 13 previously reported miRNAs and 32 novel ones. Potential miRNA targets were identified based on the complementarity of miRNAs with candidate binding sites on transcripts and classified, depending on the extent of complementarity, as being likely to be regulated through cleavage or translational repression. The search for cleavage targets identified 74 transcripts. However, only 6 of them showed an increase in messenger RNA (mRNA) levels in a mutant strain almost devoid of sRNAs. The search for translational repression targets, which used complementarity criteria more stringent than those empirically required for a reduction in target protein levels, identified 488 transcripts. However, unlike observations in metazoans, most predicted translation repression targets did not show appreciable changes in transcript abundance in the absence of sRNAs. Additionally, of three candidate targets examined at the protein level, only one showed a moderate variation in polypeptide amount in the mutant strain. Our results emphasize the difficulty in identifying genuine miRNA targets in Chlamydomonas and suggest that miRNAs, under standard laboratory conditions, might have mainly a modulatory role in endogenous gene regulation in this alga.
Cis- and Trans-Regulatory Mechanisms of Gene Expression in the ASJ Sensory Neuron of Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: González-Barrios María , Fierro-González Juan Carlos , Krpelanova Eva , Mora-Lorca José Antonio , Pedrajas José Rafael , Peñate Xenia , Chavez Sebastián , Swoboda Peter , Jansen Gert , Miranda-Vizuete Antonio 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The identity of a given cell type is determined by the expression of a set of genes sharing common cis-regulatory motifs and being regulated by shared transcription factors. Here, we identify cis and trans regulatory elements that drive gene expression in the bilateral sensory neuron ASJ, located in the head of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. For this purpose, we have dissected the promoters of the only two genes so far reported to be exclusively expressed in ASJ, trx-1 and ssu-1. We hereby identify the ASJ motif, a functional cis-regulatory bipartite promoter region composed of two individual 6 bp elements separated by a 3 bp linker. The first element is a 6 bp CG-rich sequence that presumably binds the Sp family member zinc-finger transcription factor SPTF-1. Interestingly, within the C. elegans nervous system SPTF-1 is also found to be expressed only in ASJ neurons where it regulates expression of other genes in these neurons and ASJ cell fate. The second element of the bipartite motif is a 6 bp AT-rich sequence that is predicted to potentially bind a transcription factor of the homeobox family. Together, our findings identify a specific promoter signature and SPTF-1 as a transcription factor that functions as a terminal selector gene to regulate gene expression in C. elegans ASJ sensory neurons.
Citrus huanglongbing: validation of Real-Time PCR (qPCR) for the detection of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus and Candidatus Liberibacter americanus in Colombia
Authors: Ángel Jorge Evelio , Hernández Erick Geovanni , Herrera Néstor Andrés , Gómez Linda Yhiset , Castro Ángela Patricia , Sepúlveda Adriana Milena , Ebratt Everth Emilio 
Published: March 2015

Citrus huanglongbing (HLB) is the most destructive citrus disease. Two of the three known HLB-associated CandidatusLiberibacter species were recently found to be present in the Americas. In this study, eggs, nymphs and adults of Diaphorinacitri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae) and suspect citrus plant materials were collected in 25 municipalities in the departments of Cundinamarca, Santander, Valle del Cauca, Meta and Quindio (Colombia). The detection sensitivity, specificity and assay performance of the 16S rDNA-based real-time PCR (qPCR) were validated for the field survey of the disease in Colombia. The validation confirmed the reliability and robustness of the real-time PCR method for the detection of HLB bacteria in host citrus plant tissues and the vector D. citri. The diagnosis was performed for Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (Ca. L. asiaticus) and for Candidatus Liberibacter americanus (Ca. L. americanus) on 168 citrus plant material samples and 239 insect samples. Neither Ca. L. asiaticus nor Ca. L. americanus were detected in the host plants or insects vector, confirming the absence of the disease in the citrus-producing areas of Colombia.
Effect of indole-3-butyric acid and Trichoderma harzianum Rifai on asexual cape gooseberry propagation (Physalis peruviana L.)
Authors: Alvarado-Sanabria Oscar Humberto , Álvarez-Herrera Javier Giovanni 
Published: March 2015

The growth and development of cape gooseberry plants obtained from cuttings is affected by microorganisms in the substrate and by the concentration of plant growth regulators applied during planting. Using a factorial design, the effect of four concentrations of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) (0, 800, 1,200, and 1,600 mg L-1) and four suspensions of Trichoderma harzianum (0, 2·106, 3·106, and 4·106 cfu/mL) on the growth of cape gooseberry cuttings was evaluated. Apical cuttings were used, 20 cm long, from 20-month-old plants of the Colombian ecotype, which were planted in pots (2 L) using peat moss with burned rice husks as the substrate at a 3:1 ratio (v/v). The 800 mg L-1 of IBA application showed the highest accumulation of total dry mass (DM) and root DM. Moreover, 800 mg L-1 of IBA resulted in the highest leaf chlorophyll content, showing significant differences from 1,600 mg L-1, which had the lowest value. The 3·106 cfu/mL suspension of T. harzianum caused a greater accumulation of root DM and total DM and a higher leaf area in the plants. The most favorable interaction between the factors, which favors the growth of cape gooseberry plants obtained from cuttings, was observed with the application of 800 mg L-1 of IBA and 3·106 cfu/mL of T. harzianum.
The history of research on oil palm bud rot (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) in Colombia
Authors: Benítez Édgar , García Celsa 
Published: March 2015

This article presents an overview of the main results obtained from research on oil palm bud rot. Aetiologic studies with biotic and abiotic approaches were explored, aiming for a model that would help in the understanding of the ethology of this disease. It also discusses how the results of the studies are contradictory and how the arguments for biological causes have not shown progress. Furthermore, the results of measuring the influence of abiotic factors, where there is greater consensus, are discussed; however, there is controversy due to the fact that different researchers placed different weight on the final model of this disease. This situation has led to controls being directed toward potential pathogens associated with the disease, as determined by circumstantial evidence, wherein the positive or negative response to the control may be confused with extrinsic factors such as disease escape or foci formation. Even the role played by the insect Rhynchophorus palmarum (L.) in the death of palms affected by this disease is in doubt. Finally, this paper shows how the process of general disease research has important biases arising from the risk aversion of palm producers or the lack of continuity in results obtained by different research groups.
Micropropagation of the native species Anthurium antioquiense Engl. for conservation purposes
Authors: Murillo-Gómez Paola Andrea , Naranjo Esther , Callejas Ricardo , Atehortúa Lucia , Urrea Aura 
Published: March 2015

Anthurium antioquiense Engl. is a native plant belonging to the Araceae family. It grows on rocks in clear-water rivers and well-protected zones, similar to the waters in certain watersheds of the Antioquia Department, Colombia. Loss of habitat has threatened this promising ornamental plant species, which is also important because of its role in the ecosystem. In vitro tissue culture is considered an efficient alternative for the propagation of endangered species with the aim of establishing short-, medium- and long-term conservation programs. In the present research, in vitro introduction and shoot induction from A. antioquiense seedlings were performed. The highest production of shoots was obtained in a ½ MS (half-salt content) medium with 1 mg L-1 of BAP, which attained a 23.7 shoots/explant per month multiplication rate. The in vitro plants generated from shoots were individualized and transferred to a growth regulator-free medium. Rooting did not require the presence of growth regulators, and the adaptation of the in vitro plants to ex vitro conditions achieved a 98% survival rate.
The importance of pruning to the quality of wine grape fruits (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivated under high-altitude tropical conditions
Authors: Almanza-Merchán Pedro José , Fischer Gerhard , Cely R. Germán Eduardo 
Published: March 2015

Since 1998, the Ain-Karim Vineyard has been growing different grape varieties for the production of high-altitude tropical wines in the municipality of Sutamarchan, located in the Alto Ricaurte region of Boyaca (Colombia). Pruning is used to limit the number and length of branches, generating a suitable balance between plant vigor and production; thereby, regulating fruit quantity and quality and ensuring reserves for the subsequent production. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of three pruning types (short = two buds on two spurs; long = five buds on three spurs and mixed = combination of short and long pruning types) on the fruit quality of V. vinifera, Cabernet Sauvignon and Sauvignon Blanc varieties. To accomplish this, a completely randomized two-factor design was used. Physicochemical variables of fruit quality (fresh cluster weight, water content, total soluble solids (TSS), total titratable acidity (TTA), technical maturity index (TMI), and pH) were determined at harvest. The long pruning type presented the highest values for the fresh cluster weight and TSS of the fruits from both varieties and a higher TMI in the Cabernet Sauvignon variety. These results indicate that, under the conditions of the vineyard, long pruning is the most suitable.
Notes on family-group names for bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea)
Authors: Engel Michael S. 
Published: March 2015

Corrected authorships and dates are provided for four family-group names for bees based on previously unrecognized earlier usages that made them nomenclatorially available. Sagemehl is newly recognized as the author of family-group names based on Dasypoda Latreille (Melittidae: Dasypodainae), Macropis Panzer (Melittidae: Macropidinae), and Hylaeus Fabricius (Colletidae: Hylaeinae), and Kawall as the author the family-group name based on Melitta Kirby, thereby taking precedence over the subsequent use of similar names by Börner, Robertson, Viereck, and Schenck, respectively. In addition, descriptions are provided for three new family-group taxa; Dieunomiini Engel, new tribe (Halictidae: Nomiinae), Eremaphantina Engel, new subtribe (Melittidae: Hesperapini), and Tarsaliini Engel, new tribe (Apidae: Apinae); and one new genus-group taxon, Eremaphantella Engel, new subgenus.
An Exploration of the Unmet Demand forHome Birth in Ireland
Authors: Kenny Eileen , OBoyle Colm 
Published: March 2015

PURPOSE: The home birth rate in Ireland is less than 0.5%. There is no formal record of the demand for home birth; however, it is suggested that it exceeds availability by as much as tenfold. This study sought the experiences of women who had tried but were unsuccessful in securing a midwife-attended, planned home birth in Ireland in the years 2009–2013.STUDY DESIGN: An online questionnaire was made available over an 8-week period in the summer of 2013.RESULTS: Sixty-two women responded. Three main reasons were identified for refusal of home birth: “unsuitability for home birth,” “unavailability of a midwife,” and “distance from the midwife.” The Dublin regions’ high level of unmet demand is consistent with its high population density. December and other holiday periods were reported as particularly difficult times to access a midwife. Eighty percent of women eventually gave birth in a hospital setting, whereas 15% gave birth outside a hospital setting without a midwife in attendance. Five percent of women accessed a planned home birth elsewhere.DISCUSSION: Online survey is a methodology that is unable to quantify unmet demand for home birth. This exploratory study has however confirmed the inequity of the home birth service, even for those fully eligible. The choice made by some multiparous women to birth at home unattended, even in the knowledge of risk criteria, is a concern and remains unaddressed by the Irish Health Service Executive.CONCLUSION: Health Service Executive dependence on self-employed community midwives (SECMs) to deliver their “national” home birth service means that demand for home birth is greater than can be supplied. This research highlights the need for the inclusion of requests for home birth in their audit of services. Capacity building of community midwifery in Ireland is recommended, with recruitment and support of SECMs identified as a priority.
Relation between flower head traits and florivory in Asteraceae: A phylogenetically controlled approach
Authors: Oguro Michio , Sakai Satoki 
Published: March 2015

• Premise of the study: While much research has examined the relation between leaf traits and herbivory, very little is known about the interaction between floral traits, particularly biochemical traits, and florivory. We investigated patterns between floral traits and florivory across multiple species using phylogenetic comparative approaches to enhance our understanding of the evolution of plant–florivore interactions.• Methods: The relation between the intensity of florivory and five biochemical traits (concentrations of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, water, and total phenolics) and two morphological traits (diameter and number of flower heads) were investigated in wild individuals of 18 native species of Asteraceae. The phylogenetic signals in the morphological traits and intensity of florivory were also tested.• Key results: We found that species with higher nitrogen, water, and total phenolics and lower phosphorus concentrations in the flower heads and species with a large number and diameter of flower heads tended to be attacked by florivores. In addition, we found significant phylogenetic signals in florivory and morphological traits.• Conclusions: Our results clearly show that biochemical traits also play important roles in plant–florivore interactions, as previously shown in plant–leaf herbivore interactions. The positive relationship between florivory and total phenolics implies that phenolic compounds in flower heads may not act as a defense in the species. In addition, the observed pattern of signals in florivory might not be solely explained by the signals of the measured traits and other plant traits may also play significant roles in plant–florivore interaction in these species.
¿Cómo hacer la revolución? Los anarquistas y la crítica de la violencia insurreccional
Authors: Freán Hernández Óscar 
Published: March 2015

Dans les années 1930, les anarchistes espagnols considéraient la révolution sociale comme une possibilité proche et réalisable. La crise du capitalisme et les difficultés du régime républicain renforçaient la conviction de ce rêve d’une nouvelle société communiste libertaire. Néanmoins, des désaccords surgirent au sein du mouvement anarchiste autour des façons d’accomplir cette révolution. L’objet de cet article est d’analyser l’une de ces dissensions, à savoir : celle liée au recours à la violence insurrectionnelle dans le cadre d’une stratégie de révolution imminente.
Présence/absence du monde rural dans la presse libérale et républicaine andalouse (1880-1892)
Authors: Bussy Genevois  Danièle 
Published: March 2015

À partir d’une observation de Jacques Maurice concernant l’ignorance du monde rural par la presse andalouse de la Restauration –exception faite de la presse ouvrière–, nous proposons d’analyser deux quotidiens (1880-1892) pour en étudier le contenu, les modalités discursives et les capacités éventuelles d’intervention politique. Les deux titres retenus (El Defensor de Granada, fondé en 1880 et El Manifiesto, lancé à Cadix en 1884) se définissent eux-mêmes respectivement comme « indépendant » et « républicain-progressiste », ce qui invite à interroger leur fonctionnement et leur approche du monde rural. Les deux journaux, préoccupés par la politique nationale, voire même internationale, s’efforcent d’ébaucher des stratégies susceptibles de se substituer aux politiques des gouvernements de Madrid. Totalement lucides en ce qui concerne les problèmes structuraux qui affectent les zones rurales, ils ne considèrent donc pas celles-ci comme « exotiques », comme J. Maurice le constatait dans la presse. Cependant la nécessité de développer des élites urbaines et de consolider les assises du Parti républicain, les entraîne à se montrer, soit insensibles, soit hostiles à l’anarchisme rural, pratiquement absent des collections étudiées.
El discurso anarquista en dos documentales sobre la Segunda República y la Guerra Civil realizados durante la Transición
Authors: Céspedes Jaime 
Published: March 2015

Cet article est consacré à deux documentaires anarchistes sur la iie République Espagnole et sur la Guerre d’Espagne réalisés pendant la Transition: Entre la esperanza y el fraude: España, 1931-1939 (Cooperativa de Cine Alternativo, 1976) et Por qué perdimos la guerra (Diego Abad de Santillán, 1978). L’auteur situe ces documentaires dans leur contexte historique et idéologique et analyse leurs analogies et leurs différences à la lumière de leur but commun de s’opposer à la version franquiste de l’Histoire récente de l’Espagne ainsi qu’à la vision communiste du pce.
Ana y el Rey o las virtudes de la elipsis en Crónica sentimental de la transición, de Manuel Vázquez Montalbán
Authors: Tyras Georges 
Published: March 2015

Crónica sentimental de la transición, de Manuel Vázquez Montalbán, se caractérise par sa tonalité constamment ironique et par la convocation de ressources formelles propres à l’écriture littéraire. Les deux traits favorisent un regard sceptique ou sarcastique sur les événements, péripéties ou attitudes relatés. Un épisode, qui pourrait porter le titre intertextuel de « Ana et le Roi », semble suggérer que la dimension littéraire du texte permet à l’auteur d’esquiver les obligations liées au thème traité et au milieu dans lequel il se meut, et permet l’expression d’un point de vue implicite apte à subvertir les récits officiels de l’histoire.
Glomerulopathy Induced by Immunization with a Peptide Derived from the Goodpasture Antigen α3IV-NC1
Authors: Hopfer Helmut , Hünemörder Stefanie , Treder Julia , Turner Jan-Eric , Paust Hans-Joachim , Meyer-Schwesinger Catherine , Hopfer Ulrike , Sachs Marlies , Peters Anett , Bucher-Kocaoglu Biranda , Ahrens Stefanie , Panzer Ulf , Mittrücker Hans-Willi 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Mouse experimental autoimmune glomerulonephritis, a model of human antiglomerular basement membrane disease, depends on both Ab and T cell responses to the Goodpasture Ag noncollagenous domain 1 of the α3-chain of type IV collagen (α3IV-NC1). The aim of our study was to further characterize the T cell–mediated immune response. Repeated immunization with mouse α3IV-NC1 caused fatal glomerulonephritis in DBA/1 mice. Although two immunizations were sufficient to generate high α3IV-NC1–specific IgG titers, Ab and complement deposition along the glomerular basement membranes, and a nephrotic syndrome, two additional immunizations were needed to induce a necrotizing/crescentic glomerulonephritis. Ten days after the first immunization, α3IV-NC1–specific CD4+ cells producing TNF-α, IFN-γ, or IL-17A were detected in the spleen. With the emergence of necrotizing/crescentic glomerulonephritis, ∼0.15% of renal CD4+ cells were specific for α3IV-NC1. Using peptides spanning the whole α3IV-NC1 domain, three immunodominant T cell epitopes were identified. Immunization with these peptides did not lead to clinical signs of experimental autoimmune glomerulonephritis or necrotizing/crescentic glomerulonephritis. However, mice immunized with one of the peptides (STVKAGDLEKIISRC) developed circulating Abs against mouse α3IV-NC1 first detected at 8 wk, and 50% of the mice showed mild proteinuria at 18–24 wk due to membranous glomerulopathy. Taken together, our results suggest that autoreactive T cells are able to induce the formation of pathologic autoantibodies. The quality and quantity of α3IV-NC1–specific Ab and T cell responses are critical for the phenotype of the glomerulonephritis.