bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Limiting Profit Shifting in a Model with Heterogeneous Firm Productivity
Authors: Langenmayr Dominika 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
This paper analyzes measures that limit firms’ profit shifting activities in a model that incorporates heterogeneous firm productivity and monopolistic competition. Such measures, e.g. thin capitalization rules, have become increasingly widespread as governments have reacted to growing profit shifting activities of multinational companies. However, besides limiting profit shifting, such rules entail costs. As the regulations can only focus on the means to shift profits, not on profit shifting itself, they impose costs on all firms, no matter whether these firms shift profits abroad or not. In the model, these costs force some firms to exit the market. Thus, as the resulting lower competition makes the remaining firms more profitable, regulations to limit profit shifting may even increase the aggregate amount of profits shifted abroad. From a welfare point of view, it can be optimal not to limit profit shifting by such rules.
k-step nilpotent Lie algebras
Authors: Goze Michel , Remm Elisabeth 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The classification of complex or real finite dimensional Lie algebras which are not semi simple is still in its early stages. For example, the nilpotent Lie algebras are classified only up to dimension 7. Moreover, to recognize a given Lie algebra in the classification list is not so easy. In this work, we propose a different approach to this problem. We determine families for some fixed invariants and the classification follows by a deformation process or a contraction process. We focus on the case of 2- and 3-step nilpotent Lie algebras. We describe in both cases a deformation cohomology for this type of algebras and the algebras which are rigid with respect to this cohomology. Other p-step nilpotent Lie algebras are obtained by contraction of the rigid ones.
Note on the differentiability of singular Lebesgue–Stieltjes measures
Authors: Chubinidze Kakha A. , Oniani Giorgi G. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
For an arbitrary translation invariant basis B which does not differentiate an integral of some function, we construct a singular Lebesgue–Stieltjes measure having non-vanishing means with respect to B at almost every point.
Using polycarbonate dyed with dansyl chloride for dosimetry in radiation processing
Authors: Feizi Shazad , Ziaie Farhood , Ghandi Mehdi 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Preparation and characteristics evaluation of the polycarbonate films 20 μm in thickness containing Dansyl chloride as
a routine dosimeter in radiation processing facilities were studied. The sensitivity of these films and the linearity of dose-response
curves were investigated under 60Co γ-rays in a dose range of 0–100 kGy, and the obtained results were
compared with the commercial CTA and FWT film dosimeters. The results show that the maximum absorbance appeared at 370 nm in
all the investigated dose range. The dyed films were found to be stable enough in mediums with high degrees of humidity and
temperature, to be reliably used in radio-applications. The effects of pre-irradiation (shelf-life) and post-irradiation storage in
dark and in indirect sunlight were also discussed. The films which were made displayed stable characteristics when stored in dark,
within 1% at 25 ℃, 3 months after irradiation.
Deriving individual-level and stage-level psych verbs in Spanish
Authors: Fábregas Antonio , Marín Rafael 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAspectual notions, although displayed most clearly in verbs, manifest across categories, with notions like (un)boundedness manifesting themselves in several instantiations which are sometimes specific of individual grammatical categories. This paper contributes to the ongoing debate on how aspectual notions emerge in different categorial domains by an analysis of subject-experiencer and object-experiencer psychological predicates (SEPVs and OEPVs, respectively). We review the evidence that SEPVs denote individual level (IL) states, and provide new facts – taken from the behaviour of participles – in favour of that diagnostic; we also argue that OEPVs should be classified as states of the stage level (SL) class. We argue that OEPVs denote states with an onset, which corresponds to the denotation of SLs. SEPVs simply denote states without boundaries, which we argue to correspond to IL predicates. Finally, we show how these two denotations follow without further assumptions from the structures proposed for SEPVs and OEPVs in previous work, specially Pesetsky (1995), making it unnecessary to postulate that the distinction is of lexical nature.
Linkers and agreement
Authors: Ludovico Franco , Manzini M. Rita , Savoia Leonardo M. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn many languages a linker element is inserted between a noun N and a modifier or a complement of N. We focus on Albanian articles and on Iranian ezafes, and we introduce comparison data from Aromanian. In section 2, we provide arguments as to why currently available formal theories of linkers (as copulas, as case assigners, as means for identity avoidance) face problems when applied to Albanian or Kurdish. In section 3 we argue, on the basis of morphological, syntactic and interpretive evidence, that linkers (at least in the languages considered) form a constituent with the A(P) that follows them and that their category is D. Section 4 contains the theoretical core of the discussion. A linker D and a determiner D have in common the fact that they are both able to satisfy argument slots of a predicative head (e.g. A). However a D closing off a DP is an operator, establishing a relation between a restrictor (the NP) and a domain of quantification (a VP). A linker D is a bound variable – it provides a satisfaction for a theta-role ultimately bound by the higher D. A cross-linguistic typology of determiners, linkers and pronominal clitics based on this analysis is provided. In section 5 we extend the analysis to pre-genitival linkers, treating genitive case as an elementary part-whole relation, of which the linker saturates the external argument (the possessum).
Chrismukkah: Millennial Multiculturalism
Authors: Mehta Samira K. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractChrismukkah and its increased public presence marked a shift in the public discourse around Christian–Jewish interfaith families in the United States in the years surrounding the turn of the millennium. In children's literature, greeting cards, humor books, on television and in blogs, interfaith families who practiced elements of both Christianity and Judaism constructed a multicultural identity by the strategic reframing of practices from both backgrounds. Rather than understanding this identity as based in a failure to choose one religious practice over another, multicultural interfaith families argued that their blended practices both reflected an unavoidable reality and offered distinct advantages and moral formation to their families. “Religion,” as used by these multicultural families, becomes the domain of religious institutions, with membership lists and competing truth claims. “Culture,” their preferred term, denotes practices that are equivalent and can exist simultaneously in the lives of families and individuals. The article argues that interfaith families who practice both traditions use language of multiculturalism to create a space for such choices to be framed as morally cohesive. This multicultural framing then re-casts these practices, re-inscribing them with values of tolerance and minimization of difference rather than the theological and historical content ascribed by many of the religious institutions that these families avoid.
Pratarmė
Authors: Van Mensch Peter 
Published: April 2015

Turėdama apie 110 muziejų, besirūpinančių maždaug 6,5 milijono muziejinių objektų, Lietuva gali didžiuotis įvairiu ir adekvačiu muziejų tinklu. Tačiau tai dar nereiškia, kad situacija yra visiškai normali. 1990 metų perėjimo laikotarpis paliko neišspręstų klausimų, vienas iš jų–atsakingų institucijų požiūris į muziejų socialinį vaidmenį ir atitinkamas jų veiklos finansavimas. Remiantis visapuse Lietuvos muziejų analize, šia studija išreiškiama tvirta pozicija dėl muziejų kaip atminties institucijų potencialo informacinėje visuomenėje. [...]
Skaitmeninių technologijų taikymas Lietuvos muziejuose 1990–2011 metais
Authors: Kapleris Ignas 
Published: April 2015

XX a. vid. Vakarų šalyse prasidėjusi sparti skaitmeniniu dvinariu kodavimu pagrįstų technologijų raida lėmė daug didelių pokyčių visose žmonių veiklos sferose. Dalis mokslininkų tokias permainas lygina su informacijos revoliucija ir naujos, žinių gamyba paremtos tinklaveikos visuomenės formavimosi pradžia (Castells, 2005). Skaitmeninių technologijų poveikio neišvengė ir su kultūra glaudžiai susijusi atminties institucija – muziejus. [...]
Muziejaus komunikacija su suinteresuotaisiais: kokie muziejaus veiklos aspektai svarbūs muziejaus prisistatymui ir įvaizdžio formavimui?
Authors: Matkevičienė Renata , Aleksandravičius Arnas 
Published: April 2015

Šiandienėje visuomenėje muziejai yra ta institucija, kuri, būdama kultūrinė (užtikrina kultūros ir istorijos tęstinumą, paveldo išsaugojimą ir jo komunikaciją, skatina kultūrinio kolektyvinio identiteto ir vertybių išsaugojimą ir pan.) ir kartu kūrybinė (skatina kūrybiškumo raišką, užsiima kūrybine veikla, t. y. rengia edukacinius projektus, parodas ir ekspozicijas įvairia veikla, pavyzdžiui, parodų katalogais, edukacinės veiklos rezultatais ir kt.,) industrija, turi iš naujo atrasti savo vietą moderniųjų technologijų (arba, remiantis M. Castellsu, tinklaveikos) ir vartotojiškoje visuomenėje. [...]
Maternal Prepregnancy Body Mass Index and Child Psychosocial Development at 6 Years of Age
Authors: Jo Heejoo , Schieve Laura A. , Sharma Andrea J. , Hinkle Stefanie N. , Li Ruowei , Lind Jennifer N. 
Published: April 2015

BACKGROUND:
Both obesity and developmental disabilities have increased in recent decades. Limited studies suggest associations between maternal prepregnancy obesity and child neurodevelopment.

METHODS:
The Infant Feeding Practices Study II, a US nationally distributed longitudinal study of maternal health and infant health and feeding practices, was conducted from 2005 to 2007. In 2012, mothers were recontacted for information on their children’s health and development. We examined associations between maternal prepregnancy BMI and child psychosocial development in 1311 mother–child pairs included in this follow-up study. Children’s development was assessed by maternal report of child psychosocial difficulties from the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, past developmental diagnoses, and receipt of special needs services.

RESULTS:
Adjusting for sociodemographic factors, children of obese class II/III mothers (BMI &gt;35.0) had increased odds of emotional symptoms (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.24; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.27–3.98), peer problems (aOR 2.07; 95% CI, 1.26–3.40), total psychosocial difficulties (aOR 2.17; 95% CI, 1.24–3.77), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder diagnosis (aOR 4.55; 95% CI, 1.80–11.46), autism or developmental delay diagnosis (aOR 3.13; 95% CI, 1.10–8.94), receipt of speech language therapy (aOR 1.93; 95% CI, 1.18–3.15), receipt of psychological services (aOR 2.27; 95% CI, 1.09–4.73), and receipt of any special needs service (aOR 1.99; 95% CI, 1.33–2.97) compared with children of normal weight mothers (BMI 18.5–24.9). Adjustment for potential causal pathway factors including pregnancy weight gain, gestational diabetes, breastfeeding duration, postpartum depression, and child’s birth weight did not substantially affect most estimates.

CONCLUSIONS:
Children whose mothers were severely obese before pregnancy had increased risk for adverse developmental outcomes.
Anurans of the Agudos and Jaú municipalities, state of São Paulo, Southeastern Brazil
Authors: Maffei Fábio , Nascimento Bruno Tayar Marinho do , Moya Guilherme Marson , Donatelli Reginaldo José 
Published: April 2015

We present a list of amphibian species from the Agudos and Jaú municipalities, a Midwest region of São Paulo state, Brazil. The 26 species recorded exhibited a strong seasonality, with their reproductive periods concentrated in the rainiest months (October and December). Most of the species (88%) are generalists and typically associated with open areas. Although none of the species to be associated exclusively forest environments, the occurrence of some species (12%) depends on the proximity of water bodies for environments with forest formation. Thus, the presence of riparian forest fragments near water bodies is essential for some populations, as these sites are refuge for some species.
Self-protective Oxide Nano-Coatings for Enhanced Surface Biocompatibility of Titanium
Authors: Ozdemir Zeynep , Craciun Valentin , Basim Bahar 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThe biocompatibility of an implant material depends on the bulk physical properties in addition to the surface properties. In biomedical engineering and industry Ti and Ti-alloys are very popular biological implant material for their bulk physical properties and strength to weight ratio resembling those of nature bone. It is possible to modify the surface properties of titanium for enhanced surface biocompatibility. The main objective of the this study is to engineer a smart Ti-based prosthesis surface by self induced chemically modified titanium oxide nano-film by the chemical mechanical polishing process (CMP). This new process applied on bio-implants aims at significantly reducing the out-diffusion of Ti and other metallic impurities from prosthesis in contact with body fluids and tissue and simultaneously enhancing the surface mechanical, chemical and biological properties. CMP technique enables the growth of a thicker and denser self-protective native oxide on Ti and Ti alloy samples, while simultaneously inducing a controlled surface roughness. It is demonstrated that the Ti based dental implants with self-protective oxide induced surfaces help minimize chemical and bacterial reactivity in addition to Ti ion dissolution while promoting their biocompatibility through surface patterning. The studied self-protective oxide films can also be utilized for many additional applications including bio-sensors.
Composting Reduces Seed Viability of Garlic Mustard (Alliaria petiolata) and Common Buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica)
Authors: Van Rossum Joseph , Renz Mark J. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractComposting is a common practice for management of herbaceous yard materials and other decomposable materials. Although composting is promoted by state agencies for many materials, a notable exception is invasive plants due to concerns about spreading propagules with the finished product. To address this issue, we measured the viability of garlic mustard and common buckthorn seeds exposed to turned or static composting methods. Piles were built in 2012 and 2013, and seeds from both species were inserted and monitored for viability. Seed viability was reduced rapidly regardless of year, composting method, or species. Viability of seeds was zero within 7 and 15 d of composting for garlic mustard and common buckthorn, respectively, in both years. Results indicate that composting facilities are able to render the seeds of these invasive plants nonviable using either composting method because inactivation is within the composting timeframes typically practiced by the industry. This includes the process to further reduce pathogens (PFRP) with thresholds of 55 C for 15 d for the compost management process used for this trial.
GOVERNANÇA METROPOLITANA: DEBATE E EXPERIÊNCIA REGIONAL DA REGIÃO METROPOLITANA DE MARINGÁ
Authors: Reschilian Paulo Romano , Uehara Agnes Yuri 
Published: April 2015

Maringá, município localizado no Norte do Paraná, diferencia-se de outros municípios brasileiros por seu planejamento urbano-regional caracterizar-se em sua organização espacial pelo modelo de cidade-jardim de inspiração inglesa. O artigo pretende abordar como constituíram as regiões metropolitanas brasileiras (instituição federal a estadual), partindo de um breve histórico da instituição da Região Metropolitana de Maringá e análises do processo de constituição dessa configuração regional. Verifica-se assim, que a cidade planejada reflete o “urbanismo à brasileira” e a urbanização desigual da maioria das cidades brasileiras, apresentando a realidade e os desafios quanto à questão metropolitana.
A Mechanistic Integrated Geochemical and Chemical-Flooding Tool for Alkaline/Surfactant/Polymer Floods
Authors: Korrani Aboulghasem Kazemi , Sepehrnoori Kamy , Delshad Mojdeh 
Published: April 2015

SummaryMechanistic simulation of alkaline/surfactant/polymer (ASP) flooding considers chemical reactions between the alkali and the oil to form in-situ soap and reactions between the alkali and the minerals and brine. A comprehensive mechanistic modeling of such process remains a challenge, mainly caused by the complicated ASP phase behavior and the complexity of geochemical reactions that occur in the reservoir. Because of the lack of the microemulsion phase and/or lack of reactions that may lead to the consumption of alkali and resulting lag in the pH, a simplified ASP phase behavior is often used.A state-of-the-art geochemical package, IPhreeqc, of the United States Geological Survey was coupled with UTCHEM, an in-house research chemical-flooding reservoir simulator developed at The University of Texas at Austin (UT), for a robust, flexible, and accurate integrated tool to mechanistically model ASP floods. UTCHEM has a comprehensive three-phase (water, oil, microemulsion) flash package for the mixture of surfactant and soap as a function of salinity, temperature, and cosolvent concentration.Through this integrated tool, we are able to simulate homogeneous and heterogeneous (mineral dissolution/precipitation), irreversible, surface complexation, and ion exchange reactions under nonisothermal, nonisobaric, and both local-equilibrium and kinetic conditions. Italic words are defined in Appendix A. IPhreeqc has rich databases of chemical species and also the flexibility to include the alkaline reactions required for modeling ASP floods. Hence, to the best of our knowledge, for the first time, the important aspects of ASP flooding are considered.An algorithm is presented for modeling the geochemistry in an implicit-in-pressure-and-explicit-in-concentration solution algorithm. Finally, we show how to apply the integrated tool, UTCHEM-IPhreeqc, to match three different reaction-related chemical-flooding processes: ASP flooding in an acidic active crude oil, ASP flooding in a nonacidic crude oil, and alkaline/cosolvent/polymer flooding.
On the Function π(x)
Authors: Bănescu Magdalena 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Let π(x) be the number of primes not exceeding x. We prove that

π

(
x
)

<

x

log
x
-
1.006789

for

x
≥

e

10

12

, and that for sufficiently large

x
:

x

log
x
-
1
+

(

log

x

)

-
1.5

+
2

(

log

x

)

-
0.5

<
π

(
x
)

<

1

log

x
-
1
-
2

(

log

x

)

-
0.5

-

(

log

x

)

-
1.5

.

We finally prove that for

x
≥

e

10

12

and k = 2, 3,…, 147297098200000, the closed interval [(k – 1)x, kx] contains at least one prime number, i.e. the Bertrand's postulate holds for x and k as above.
The Path Hyperoperation
Authors: Kalampakas Antonios , Spartalis Stefanos , Tsigkas Alexandros 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
A new class of hypergroupoids, deriving from binary relations, is presented, via the introduced path hyperoperation. Its properties are investigated and its connections with Graph Theory are also delineated. Moreover, we present an application of this hyperoperation to assembly line designing and management.
On Temporal Behaviour of Solutions in Thermoelasticity of Porous Micropolar Bodies
Authors: Marin Marin , Florea Olivia 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
We consider a porous thermoelastic body, including voidage time derivative among the independent constitutive variables. For the initial boundary value problem of such materials, we analyze the temporal behaviour of the solutions. To this aim we use the Cesaro means for the components of energy and prove the asymptotic equipartition in mean of the kinetic and strain energies.
Launching particle to constant reinforcement ratio as a parameter for improving the nanoreinforcement distribution and tensile strength of aluminum nanometal matrix composites
Authors: Raju K. Sita Rama , Raju V. Ramachandra , Raju P. Rama Murthy , Ghosal Partha 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Pelletization of ball milled powder, although a better technique for distributing nanoreinforcements into the metal melt, increases the production line. Here, we report our attempt to improve the distribution of nanoreinforcements without increasing the production line. We observed the effect of increase in a novel parameter, launching particle to constant reinforcement ratio (by weight; 1.5 wt.% Al2O3), on the nanoreinforcement distribution and ultimate strength of composites fabricated by stir casting. The medium used for launching the nanoreinforcements into the Al–Cu matrix is aluminum powder prepared by ball milling. An increase in the launching particle to constant reinforcement ratio leads to an improvement in the nanoreinforcement distribution and tensile strength of the composite. The X-ray maps indicate the absence of iron contamination and iron intermetallics.
Le cadre infini – sur la poétique baudelairienne
Authors: Rueff Martin 
Published: April 2015

Baudelaire aimait les cadres : ceux des tableaux d’abord. Mais il aimait aussi le maquillage qui entoure les yeux et les fenêtres qui encadrent le ciel. On interroge cette fascination. Sa racine est énergétique – le cadre convertit la vaporisation en concentration. Tout est là. Mais il y a plus : nous avons besoin de cadres pour tenir nos fantômes. C’est ce que révèle une analyse du poème multiple « Un fantôme » dont la troisième section s’intitule « Le cadre ». Le cadre relève de l’esthétique baudelairienne et plus encore de l’imaginaire de la forme qui structure sa poétique. Le poème a besoin d’un cadre. Le poème est un cadre.
Senghor - Pierre Emmanuel : une poésie de l’angoisse ?
Authors: Fondville Geneviève 
Published: April 2015

Si le terme d’angoisse est tenu pour un mot-clé de l’univers poétique de Senghor, et si la poésie de Pierre Emmanuel peut être lue comme « une poésie de l’angoisse », il ne faut pas s’y tromper. L’angoisse est pour eux synonyme d’exigence créatrice. Aiguillon de l’Être, l’angoisse déprend de soi, évide, pour ouvrir à l’abîme de l’Autre. La parole poétique ne sort que comme réponse à cette provocation du vide. L’angoisse, inscrivant le poète dans un face à face muet qui se mue en un cri adressé à une transcendance personnelle, témoigne contre la mort de l’homme.
T Follicular Helper, but Not Th1, Cell Differentiation in the Absence of Conventional Dendritic Cells
Authors: Dahlgren Madelene W. , Gustafsson-Hedberg Tobias , Livingston Megan , Cucak Helena , Alsén Samuel , Yrlid Ulf , Johansson-Lindbom Bengt 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Development of long-lived humoral immunity is dependent on CXCR5-expressing T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, which develop concomitantly to effector Th cells that support cellular immunity. Conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) are critical APCs for initial priming of naive CD4+ T cells but, importantly, also provide accessory signals that govern effector Th cell commitment. To define the accessory role of cDCs during the concurrent development of Tfh and effector Th1 cells, we performed high-dose Ag immunization in conjunction with the Th1-biased adjuvant polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (pI:C). In the absence of cDCs, pI:C failed to induce Th1 cell commitment and IgG2c production. However, cDC depletion did not impair Tfh cell differentiation or germinal center formation, and long-lived IgG1 responses of unaltered affinity developed in mice lacking cDCs at the time point for immunization. Thus, cDCs are required for the pI:C-driven Th1 cell fate commitment but have no crucial accessory function in relation to Tfh cell differentiation.