bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New goniodomacean dinoflagellates with a compound hypotractal archeopyle from the late Cenozoic:CapisocystaWarny and Wrenn, emend.
Authors: Head Martin J. 
Published: July 2015

Two new species of dinoflagellate are described from the upper Cenozoic of the North Atlantic region. They are assigned to the goniodomacean genusCapisocystaWarny and Wrenn, 1997 emend., whose archeopyle uniquely forms by the extensive and exclusive dissociation of hypocystal plates.Capisocysta latanew species is recorded from the upper lower Pliocene Coralline Crag Formation of eastern England, the lower and upper Pliocene of the subsurface Great Bahama Bank, and as a living cyst from Phosphorescence Bay, Puerto Rico.Capisocysta lyelliinew species is reported from the Coralline Crag Formation of eastern England.Capisocystaprovides the only unambiguous example of a hypocystal archeopyle in the order Gonyaulacales and the only example of a hypotractal archeopyle in the division Dinoflagellata.The spherical, proximate cysts have pre-formed lines of weakness that occur exclusively on the hypocyst, where they follow plate boundaries. Upon excystment, these sutures facilitate the separate release of plates 2–6″′, ps, 1p, and 1″″. Sulcal plates 1s and rs and postcingular plate 1″′ typically remain attached to the epicyst, forming a distinctive hyposulcal tab. The single antapical plate inC. latais represented inC. lyelliiby two plates (left and right first antapical homologues) that are released separately.Capisocystahas a tropical to warm temperate distribution today. It thrived and perhaps formed blooms in tropical carbonate platform environments of the Bahamas during the Pliocene, and might prove to be a useful indicator of very warm intervals within the Pliocene of higher latitude regions including the southern North Sea basin.To facilitate discussion ofCapisocysta, several morphological terms have been modified or newly introduced. These terms more precisely describe archeopyle position and extent in dinoflagellates.
Implications of intracolonial variation in a Paleozoic bryozoan
Authors: Holdener Eric J. , Hageman Steven J. 
Published: July 2015

Relative differences between environmentally controlled variation and genetically controlled variation are important when investigating morphologic variation in general, especially when establishing species concepts. The colonial nature of bryozoans provides a means for distinguishing between the two sources; variation can be partitioned into within-colony (microenvironmental) and among-colony (environmental + genetic) components. For the Paleozoic order Cryptostomata, biologically and taxonomically significant morphologic characters are well defined and methods for recognizing morphotaxa are well established.The importance of within-colony variation to the morphometric treatment of fenestrate species was assessed after the discovery of a large specimen of Hemitrypa sp. Variation within the colony was compared to variation among and within two congeneric species. The distribution of study segments across the colony allowed assessment of variation both along the growth axis and laterally between segments of approximately equivalent generational age. Repeatability of methods was assessed using data measured independently from identical segments by three workers.Variation within the large colony is less than variation among congeneric species, indicating that genetic differences among species exceed variation resulting from combined phenotypic and genotypic sources within species. Neither astogenetic nor ontogenetic morphologic gradients are recognized. Variation between data collected from identical segments by pairs of workers falls within the range of variation for the entire colony. Thus, multiple workers can reproduce data to the finest level of meaningful resolution. Cryptostome morphospecies concepts are validated.The potential for partitioning genotypic versus environmental variation in reduced, multidimensional morphospace is reinforced. Studies of microevolution and speciation may be designed that account for these factors.
New genera of Cenozoic muricid gastropods, with comments on the mode of formation of the labral tooth
Authors: Vermeij Geerat J. 
Published: July 2015

Analysis of previously unstudied shell characters reveals the existence of three new genera of Cenozoic muricid neogastropods. These are the new generaMuregina(type species:Murex lugubrisBroderip, 1833; ?early Miocene, Pliocene to Recent, eastern tropical Pacific);Kestocenebra(type species:Murex curvicostaGrateloup, 1840; early to late Miocene, Europe); andEdithais(type species:Concholepas dreziVokes, 1972; early to late Miocene, circumtropical).A review of muricids with a labral tooth (a ventrally directed projection on the outer lip) shows that this structure forms in several distinct ways. It may form at the end of an external groove (as inMuregina) or cord (as inKestocenebra), grow continuously or discontinuously, and lie at positions ranging from the upper end of the siphonal canal to just below the middle of the outer lip. The labral tooth evidently evolved independently several times, often quite recently in genera such asMuregina, in which older representatives lack a labral tooth.
Wall structure and growth of fusulinacean Foraminifera
Authors: Hageman Scott A. , Kaesler Roger L. 
Published: July 2015

Scanning electron microscopy of tests of Triticites ventricosus and Schwagerina sp. shows that the microgranular wall was secreted rather than agglutinated. Grains range in size from 0.5 to 6.0 μm, but grains larger than 4 μm are rare. Evidence that grains were secreted includes tight packing, uniform size and shape, and apparently homogeneous composition. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy confirms the perforate nature of the antetheca and the nature of the keriothecal wall. Alveoli taper toward the tectum and pass through the tectum as tiny pores, enhancing communication between chambers and with the external environment.The traditional model for the addition of chambers is rejected. Three ways in which new chambers may have been added to the test that are consistent with observations made here: 1) The antetheca may have thickened differentially, creating a substrate to which the keriotheca of the new chamber was attached; 2) Part of the tectum, septum, and keriotheca of the previous chamber may have been resorbed before calcite forming the new chamber was secreted, perhaps necessary because the tectum was an unsuitable substrate on which to attach the keriotheca of the new chamber; 3) A combination of the above may have occurred wherein the antetheca thickened differentially and was resorbed locally, providing a suitable substrate on which to attach the keriotheca of the new chamber. The last model is favored here because it best explains the shape of the septa and the configuration of the keriotheca of the chambers of most specimens. Nevertheless, the other two models are consistent with the morphology of some specimens.
Systematics of the Acanthoparyphinae (Trilobita), by species from the Silurian of Arctic Canada
Authors: Adrain Jonathan M. 
Published: July 2015

Cladistic analysis of the trilobite subfamily Acanthoparyphinae Whittington and Evitt, 1954, yields an explicit hypothesis of relationship for the group. All Silurian species together form a robustly supported monophylum including the generaHyrokybeLane, 1972,ParayoungiaChatterton and Perry, 1984, andYoungiaLindström, 1885. Sister to this is the Ordovician type species ofAcanthoparyphaWhittington and Evitt, 1954. Remaining species that have historically been assigned to eitherAcanthoparyphaorPandaspinapygaEsker and Levin, 1964, form a rather labile paraphylum. Nevertheless, the entire group thus identified is definitely monophyletic, and supported by several prominent synapomorphic character-states.The basal structure and basal node of the subfamily are more difficult to assess. The relationships of the generaHammannopygePřibyl, Vaněk, and Pek, 1985,HoliaBradley, 1930, andNieszkowskiaSchmidt, 1881, need to be addressed within the wider context of the family as a whole. The traditional assignment ofHoliato the acanthoparyphines is followed.Wenlock acanthoparyphines from the Cape Phillips Formation of the central Canadian Arctic islands include several species ofHyrokybeandParayoungia.They are similar to, and in one case conspecific with, coeval forms to the southwest in the southern Mackenzie Mountains.Five species are new:Holia glabra, Hyrokybe lightfooti, Hyrokybe youngi, Hyrokybe mitchellae,andParayoungia mclaughlini.At least four other potentially new species are reported in open nomenclature.
Transcriptional profiling of chronic clinical hepatic schistosomiasis japonica indicates reduced metabolism and immune responses
Authors: GOBERT GEOFFREY N. , BURKE MELISSA L. , MCMANUS DONALD P. , ELLIS MAGDA K. , CHUAH CANDY , RAMM GRANT A. , WANG YUANYUAN , LI YUESHENG 
Published: July 2015

SUMMARYSchistosomiasis is a significant cause of human morbidity and mortality. We performed a genome-wide transcriptional survey of liver biopsies obtained from Chinese patients with chronic schistosomiasis only, or chronic schistosomiasis with a current or past history of viral hepatitis B. Both disease groups were compared with patients with no prior history or indicators of any liver disease. Analysis showed in the main, downregulation in gene expression, particularly those involved in signal transduction via EIF2 signalling and mTOR signalling, as were genes associated with cellular remodelling. Focusing on immune associated pathways, genes were generally downregulated. However, a set of three genes associated with granulocytes, MMP7, CLDN7, CXCL6 were upregulated. Differential gene profiles unique to schistosomiasis included the gene Granulin which was decreased despite being generally considered a marker for liver disease, and IGBP2 which is associated with increased liver size, and was the most upregulated gene in schistosomiasis only patients, all of which presented with hepatomegaly. The unique features of gene expression, in conjunction with previous reports in the murine model of the cellular composition of granulomas, granuloma formation and recovery, provide an increased understanding of the molecular immunopathology and general physiological processes underlying hepatic schistosomiasis.
Longitudinal changes in social networks, health and wellbeing among older Koreans
Authors: KIM BORIN , PARK SOJUNG , ANTONUCCI TONI C. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the changes in social network types among older adults in South Korea, and it examines whether, and to what extent, these changes influence their health and psychological wellbeing. Data were obtained from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing. The sample was restricted to respondents over 65 years of age who participated in both the 2006 and 2008 surveys (N = 3,501). The social network types for both years were derived by Latent Class Analysis. Changes in network types over time were then identified. A series of multivariate regression analyses were conducted to examine the effects of social network changes on self-rated health, depressive symptoms and life satisfaction. Restricted, Family, Friend and Diverse network types were derived in each wave of the study. Although the direction of social network changes was not always towards the Restricted type, the Restricted network was the most prevalent and stable type among older Koreans. Older adults who remained in or transitioned to restricted types of social networks were more likely to have poor self-rated health, higher levels of depressive symptoms and lower levels of life satisfaction. This study adds to the limited body of literature on longitudinal network typology, and it expands the knowledge of social network types among older adults in diverse social and cultural contexts.
Delirious Hopes: Napoleonic Milan and the Rise of Modern Italian Operatic Criticism
Authors: Senici Emanuele 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis article explores the relationship between politics, society and culture in Napoleonic Milan (1796–1814) on the one hand, and opera reviews published in the city’s periodical press at the time on the other. This relationship is worth discussing for two reasons: first, Milan under French rule constituted the earliest, embryonic instance of the modern city in Italy; second, it was there that for the first time in Italy operatic criticism shifted from an undivided focus on the performance, mostly treated as a social occasion, to a prominent concern for the work being performed, which became the object of lengthy critical scrutiny. The article focuses specifically on the function of the periodical press as a crucial link between the discourse of opera and that of the city, exploring the complex ways in which Milanese society, culture and ideology, especially as represented in the city’s newspapers, are connected to the epoch-making shift from performance to work in the opera reviews published there.
SOME NOTES ON “AVICENNA AMONG MEDIEVAL JEWS”
Authors: Harvey Steven 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn an article published in Arabic Sciences and Philosophy 22 (2012), pp. 217–87, by Gad Freudenthal and Mauro Zonta, “Avicenna among Medieval Jews: the reception of Avicenna's philosophical, scientific and medical writings in Jewish cultures, East and West,” the authors promise to present “a preliminary but comprehensive picture of Avicenna's reception by medieval Jewish cultures.” As such, it seemed to offer the “comprehensive study” referred to as a desideratum by Zonta at the conclusion of his groundbreaking and very important survey, “Avicenna in medieval Jewish philosophy” (2002). Zonta explained that such a future “comprehensive study of the many and different interpretations given to his doctrines by Jewish thinkers would allow us to evaluate the real role played by [Avicenna] in medieval thought.” Surprisingly, the recent article adds little that is new to the previous studies of Zonta and others on the subject, and omits useful information found in them. The main point of the present notes is to try to correct several oversimplifications, questionable assumptions, and misleading statements in the article under consideration. Its purpose is to help readers of the article to attain a fuller and more accurate – although certainly not comprehensive – picture of the reception of Avicenna among medieval Jews.
Different Patterns of Heart Rate Variability During Acute Withdrawal	in Alcohol Dependent Patients With and Without Comorbid Anxiety and/or	Depression
Authors: Chen Tien-Yu , Chang Chuan-Chia , Tzeng Nian-Sheng , Kuo Terry B. J. , Huang San-Yuan , Lu Ru-Band , Chang Hsin-An 
Published: July 2015

Abstract. The aim of the present study was to examine cardiac autonomic function during acute alcohol withdrawal (AW) in two clinical subgroups with alcohol dependence. To this end we compared 24 patients with pure alcohol dependence (Pure ALC) with 24 alcohol-dependent patients who had comorbid symptoms of anxiety and/or depression (ANX/DEP ALC) on their mean heart rate and several (spectral) measures of heart rate variability (HRV) obtained from the patients when they were withdrawn from alcohol. To elucidate the contribution of anxiety and depression to the cardiac measures we moreover compared these groups to 120 non-comorbid patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), 24 patients with anxiety disorders and 120 matched controls. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) were employed for the clinical symptom ratings. The cardiac measures were found to significantly discriminate among the groups (Hotelling-Lawley F = 3.18, p < .001). Post hoc testing revealed that total HRV (variance in interbeat intervals) was reduced in Pure ALC (p = .033, Cohen’s d = −0.51), ANX/DEP ALC (p < .001, Cohen’s d = −1.33), MDD (p < .001, Cohen’s d = −0.66), and anxiety disorders (p = .002, Cohen’s d = −0.69), relative to controls. When these comparisons were adjusted for smoking history in pack-years, the results were unchanged. The ANX/DEP ALC patients showed significantly greater reduction in total HRV and high frequency (HF)-HRV compared with the Pure ALC patients. Both anxiety and depression moderated the influence of alcohol use and withdrawal on resting HRV. Our results suggest that compared to Pure ALC, ANX/DEP ALC presents a subtype of alcohol dependence with higher vulnerability to reduced HRV during acute AW. Implications for cardiovascular risk are discussed.
Anti-thymocyte globulin could improve the outcome of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with highly aggressive T-cell tumors
Authors: Yang J , Cai Y , Jiang J L , Wan L P , Yan S K , Wang C 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe early experiment result in our hospital showed that anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) inhibited the proliferation of lymphoid tumor cells in the T-cell tumors. We used the ATG as the part of the conditioning regimen and to evaluate the long-term anti-leukemia effect, the safety and complication in the patients with highly aggressive T-cell lymphomas. Twenty-three patients were enrolled into this study. At the time of transplant, six patients reached first or subsequent complete response, three patients had a partial remission and 14 patients had relapsed or primary refractory disease. The conditioning regimen consisted of ATG, total body irradiation, toposide and cyclophosphamide. The complete remission rate after transplant was 95.7%. At a median follow-up time of 25 months, 16 (69.6%) patients are alive and free from diseases, including nine patients in refractory and progressive disease. Seven patients died after transplant, five from relapse and two from treatment-related complications. The incidence of grades II–IV acute graft-vs-host disease (GvHD) was 39.1%. The maximum cumulative incidence of chronic GvHD was 30%. The most frequent and severe conditioning-related toxicities observed in 8 out of 23 patients were grades III/IV infections during cytopenia. Thus, ATG-based conditioning is a feasible and effective alternative for patients with highly aggressive T-cell tumors.
Ultrafast photonic PCR
Authors: Son Jun Ho , Cho Byungrae , Hong SoonGweon , Lee Sang Hun , Hoxha Ori , Haack Amanda J , Lee Luke P 
Published: July 2015

AbstractNucleic acid amplification and quantification via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is one of the most sensitive and powerful tools for clinical laboratories, precision medicine, personalized medicine, agricultural science, forensic science and environmental science. Ultrafast multiplex PCR, characterized by low power consumption, compact size and simple operation, is ideal for timely diagnosis at the point-of-care (POC). Although several fast/ultrafast PCR methods have been proposed, the use of a simple and robust PCR thermal cycler remains challenging for POC testing. Here, we present an ultrafast photonic PCR method using plasmonic photothermal light-to-heat conversion via photon–electron–phonon coupling. We demonstrate an efficient photonic heat converter using a thin gold (Au) film due to its plasmon-assisted high optical absorption (approximately 65% at 450 nm, the peak wavelength of heat source light-emitting diodes (LEDs)). The plasmon-excited Au film is capable of rapidly heating the surrounding solution to over 150 °C within 3 min. Using this method, ultrafast thermal cycling (30 cycles; heating and cooling rate of 12.79±0.93 °C s−1 and 6.6±0.29 °C s−1, respectively) from 55 °C (temperature of annealing) to 95 °C (temperature of denaturation) is accomplished within 5 min. Using photonic PCR thermal cycles, we demonstrate here successful nucleic acid (λ-DNA) amplification. Our simple, robust and low cost approach to ultrafast PCR using an efficient photonic-based heating procedure could be generally integrated into a variety of devices or procedures, including on-chip thermal lysis and heating for isothermal amplifications.
The iBeetle large-scale RNAi screen reveals gene functions for insect development and physiology
Authors: Schmitt-Engel Christian , Schultheis Dorothea , Schwirz Jonas , Ströhlein Nadi , Troelenberg Nicole , Majumdar Upalparna , Dao Van Anh , Grossmann Daniela , Richter Tobias , Tech Maike , Dönitz Jürgen , Gerischer Lizzy , Theis Mirko , Schild Inga , Trauner Jochen , Koniszewski Nikolaus D. B. , Küster Elke , Kittelmann Sebastian , Hu Yonggang , Lehmann Sabrina , Siemanowski Janna , Ulrich Julia , Panfilio Kristen A. , Schröder Reinhard , Morgenstern Burkhard , Stanke Mario , Buchhholz Frank , Frasch Manfred , Roth Siegfried , Wimmer Ernst A. , Schoppmeier Michael , Klingler Martin , Bucher Gregor 
Published: July 2015

AbstractGenetic screens are powerful tools to identify the genes required for a given biological process. However, for technical reasons, comprehensive screens have been restricted to very few model organisms. Therefore, although deep sequencing is revealing the genes of ever more insect species, the functional studies predominantly focus on candidate genes previously identified in Drosophila, which is biasing research towards conserved gene functions. RNAi screens in other organisms promise to reduce this bias. Here we present the results of the iBeetle screen, a large-scale, unbiased RNAi screen in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, which identifies gene functions in embryonic and postembryonic development, physiology and cell biology. The utility of Tribolium as a screening platform is demonstrated by the identification of genes involved in insect epithelial adhesion. This work transcends the restrictions of the candidate gene approach and opens fields of research not accessible in Drosophila.
Aversive learning shapes neuronal orientation tuning in human visual cortex
Authors: McTeague Lisa M. , Gruss L. Forest , Keil Andreas 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe responses of sensory cortical neurons are shaped by experience. As a result perceptual biases evolve, selectively facilitating the detection and identification of sensory events that are relevant for adaptive behaviour. Here we examine the involvement of human visual cortex in the formation of learned perceptual biases. We use classical aversive conditioning to associate one out of a series of oriented gratings with a noxious sound stimulus. After as few as two grating-sound pairings, visual cortical responses to the sound-paired grating show selective amplification. Furthermore, as learning progresses, responses to the orientations with greatest similarity to the sound-paired grating are increasingly suppressed, suggesting inhibitory interactions between orientation-selective neuronal populations. Changes in cortical connectivity between occipital and fronto-temporal regions mirror the changes in visuo-cortical response amplitudes. These findings suggest that short-term behaviourally driven retuning of human visual cortical neurons involves distal top–down projections as well as local inhibitory interactions.