bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing Depression in Rural Communities
Authors: Brossart Daniel F. , Wendel Monica L. , Elliott Timothy R. , Cook Helene E. , Castillo Linda G. , Burdine James N. 
Published: January 2013

ObjectivesExamined the severity of depressive symptoms and the rates of probable depression assessed by different instruments that were included in two separate surveys of residents in a predominately rural region of the United States.MethodSurveys of the Brazos Valley region in south central Texas were conducted and responses to the short form of the Center for Epidemiological Studies‐Depression scale (in the 2006 survey) and the Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 (in the 2010 survey) were analyzed.ResultsRegardless of instrument used, results indicate that women and African Americans are at greater risk for depression in this underserved region, but no unique effects were found for rural residency.ImplicationsImplications for research, assessment, program planning, and policy are discussed.
When mentors feel supported: Relationships with mentoring functions and protégés' perceived organizational support
Authors: Hu Changya , Wang Sheng , Yang Chun‐Chi , Wu Tsung‐yu 
Published: January 2013

SummaryWe surveyed full‐time employees of ongoing mentoring relationships to investigate relationships among mentors' perceived organizational support (POS), the extent of mentoring functions protégés received, and protégés' POS. Moreover, we examined the moderating role of mentors' altruistic personality in the relationship between mentors' POS and mentoring functions received. Results showed that mentors' POS was positively related to the extent of mentoring protégés reported receiving, which was then related positively to protégés' POS. Furthermore, the extent of mentoring received partially mediated the relationship between mentors' POS and protégés' POS. We also found that mentors' altruistic personality moderated the positive relationship between mentors' POS and the extent of mentoring received such that this relationship was stronger for low altruistic mentors. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Perennial peanut (Arachisglabrata Benth.) contains polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and PPO substrates that can reduce post‐harvest proteolysis
Authors: Sullivan Michael L , Foster Jamie L 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundStudies of perennial peanut (Arachis glabrata Benth.) suggest its hay and haylage have greater levels of rumen undegraded protein (RUP) than other legume forages such as alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Greater RUP can result in more efficient nitrogen utilization by ruminant animals with positive economic and environmental effects. We sought to determine whether, like red clover (Trifolium pretense L.), perennial peanut contains polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and PPO substrates that might be responsible for increased RUP.ResultsPerennial peanut extracts contain immunologically detectible PPO protein and high levels of PPO activity (>100 nkatal mg−1 protein). Addition of caffeic acid (PPO substrate) to perennial peanut extracts depleted of endogenous substrates reduced proteolysis by 90%. Addition of phenolics prepared from perennial peanut leaves to extracts of either transgenic PPO‐expressing or control (non‐expressing) alfalfa showed peanut phenolics could reduce proteolysis >70% in a PPO‐dependent manner. Two abundant likely PPO substrates are present in perennial peanut leaves including caftaric acid.ConclusionsPerennial peanut contains PPO and PPO substrates that together are capable of inhibiting post‐harvest proteolysis, suggesting a possible mechanism for increased RUP in this forage. Research related to optimizing the PPO system in other forage crops will likely be applicable to perennial peanut. Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA
Synthesis and Properties of a High‐Temperature Naphthyl‐Based Phthalonitrile Polymer
Authors: Yu Xiao‐Yan , Naito Kimiyoshi , Kang Chao , Qu Xiong‐Wei , Zhang Qing‐Xin 
Published: January 2013

AbstractA novel, high‐temperature, naphthyl‐based phthalonitrile polymer is prepared. The phthalonitrile monomer, namely, 2,7‐bis(3,4‐dicyanophenoxy) naphthalene (BDCN), is synthesized from the reaction of 2,7‐dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN) with 4‐nitrophthalonitrile (NPN), and its curing behavior with 1,3‐bis(4‐aminophenoxy) benzene (APB) is investigated by DSC. The high‐temperature BDCN polymer is prepared via a two‐step approach: the preparation of the BDCN prepolymer and the post‐cure of the BDCN prepolymer at elevated temperatures. The BDCN polymer might form a polypyrrole structure as revealed by FTIR spectroscopy, and exhibits a high storage modulus, high glass‐transition temperature, and outstanding thermal stability, along with long‐term oxidative resistance.
The Impact of the Interaction of Utilitarian and Informational Reinforcement and Behavior Setting Scope on Consumer Response
Authors: Yani‐de‐Soriano Mirella , Foxall Gordon R. , Newman Andrew J. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTThe influence of the environment on the emotional responses and behaviors of consumers has been well established in the consumer behavior literature. The Behavioral Perspective Model (BPM) assumes that utilitarian reinforcement, informational reinforcement, and consumer behavior setting scope are independent dimensions of environmental influence, which can combine in particular consumption situations to produce consumer behavior. This paper empirically examines the possibility of interactions among these dimensions by means of the pleasure, arousal, and dominance (PAD) emotional variables. The PAD variables have been shown to mediate consumer behaviors such as the desire to stay or escape from the setting, to affiliate with others, and the willingness to spend money and consume. The results, showing an interaction between pleasure and arousal in high‐pleasure environments, which then leads to increased approach behavior, seem to confirm the synergistic effects of utilitarian reinforcement and informational reinforcement on behavior. This study appears to be the first to find and investigate a three‐way interaction between pleasure, arousal, and dominance in the context of purchase and consumption. This interaction suggests that the three structural dimensions of the BPM combine to produce consumer behavior. It also highlights the important role of consumer behavior setting scope in consumer situations maintained by intermediate patterns of reinforcement. The implications of these findings for theory and marketing management are discussed.
Computer‐Aided Optimization of Conditions for Fast and Controlled ICAR ATRP of n‐Butyl Acrylate
Authors: Toloza Porras Carolina , D'hooge Dagmar R. , Reyniers Marie‐Françoise , Marin Guy B. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe potential of initiators for continuous activator regeneration atom transfer radical polymerization (ICAR ATRP) for the synthesis of well‐defined poly(n‐butyl acrylate) is analyzed by means of simulations. The kinetic model accounts for reactivity differences between secondary and tertiary macrospecies and considers the possible influence of diffusional limitations. CuBr2 is used as transition metal salt and the commercially available N,N,N′,N″,N″‐pentamethyldiethylenetriamine as ligand. For targeted chain lengths (TCLs) up to 1000, the ICAR ATRP can be performed relatively quickly, and with ppm levels of ATRP catalyst. For moderate TCLs, slightly higher ppm levels are required if excellent control over chain length is also desired. In all cases, limited loss of end‐group functionality (EGF) results. magnified image
UPLC‐QTOF/MS metabolic profiling unveils urinary changes in humans after a whole grain rye versus refined wheat bread intervention
Authors: Bondia‐Pons Isabel , Barri Thaer , Hanhineva Kati , Juntunen Katri , Dragsted Lars O. , Mykkänen Hannu , Poutanen Kaisa 
Published: January 2013

ScopeNon‐targeted urine metabolite profiling has not been previously exploited in the field of whole grain (WG) products. WG products, particularly rye, are important elements in a healthy Nordic diet. The aim of this study was to identify novel urinary biomarkers of WG rye bread (RB) intake in a randomised crossover study with RB versus refined wheat bread (WB).Methods and resultsUPLC‐QTOF/MS metabolite profiling was applied to urine from a 2 × 4 wk crossover intervention with RB versus WB in 20 subjects. Sixteen metabolites were revealed as major contributing biomarkers. The most discriminative metabolite after the cereal intervention was identified as 3‐(3,5‐dihydroxyphenyl)‐1‐propanoic acid sulphate, which was excreted to a higher extent after the RB versus WB intervention. Other alkylresorcinol metabolites were identified, as well as enterolactone glucuronide, azelaic acid, 2‐aminophenol sulphate and its benzoxazinoid precursor 2,4‐dihydroxy‐1,4‐benzoxazin‐3‐one. Our study also suggests that nitrogen‐containing metabolites are other major markers. However, other methodologies will be needed to elucidate their final structure.ConclusionThe present non‐targeted metabolite profiling proved to be a useful approach to identify major urine metabolites discriminating RB intake from that of white wheat bread. Once validated these markers could help evaluate compliance to healthy Nordic diets.
Synergistic effect of hindered amine light stabilizers/ultraviolet absorbers on the polyvinyl chloride/powder nitrile rubber blends during photodegradation
Authors: Chai R.D. , Zhang J. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe photostability of hindered amine light stabilizer (HALS) and ultraviolet absorber (UVA) on the blends of plasticized poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) and powder nitrile rubber (NBR) has been studied with a Xenon Test Chamber. The digital photos, color differences, attenuated total refection‐Fourier transform infrared (ATR‐FTIR) spectra and mechanical properties of the blends have been determined. HALS combined with UVA effectively protects PVC/NBR blends from yellowing and restrains the decrease of elongation at break of the blends. The synergistic phenomenon is ascribed to the different photostable mechanisms of HALS and UVA at different photo aging stages. The color of PVC/NBR control sample quickly changes into yellow at the first 400 h of irradiation, due to the polyenes structures that induced by the double bonds of butadiene in NBR. From 400 to 800 h, crosslinking dominates and the amount of polyenes decreases, resulting into the decrease of color change. At the early stage of irradiation, chain‐scission of polymer takes the predominant place, and the tensile strength decreases. But during the latter stage, crosslinking takes the predominant place and the tensile strength increases slightly. HALS and UVA have a little effect on the maintaining of elongation at break of PVC/NBR blends. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2013. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers
On thermal conductivity of micro‐ and nanocellular polymer foams
Authors: Sundarram Sriharsha S. , Li Wei 
Published: January 2013

AbstractMany theoretical and empirical models exist to predict the effective thermal conductivity of polymer foams. However, most of the models only consider the effect of porosity, while the pore size effect is ignored. The objective of this study is to understand the effect of pore size on the thermal conductivity of polymer foams, especially when it reduces to the micro and nanometer scales. A wide range of pore sizes from 1 nm to 1 mm were studied in conjunction with the porosity effect using finite element analysis and molecular dynamics simulation methods. Experimental data was used to validate the modeling result. It is shown that the pore size has significant effect on thermal conductivity, even for microcellular and conventional foams. The contribution of heat conduction through air is negligible when pore size is reduced to the micrometer scale. The extremely low thermal conductivity of nanofoams is attributed to extensive diffusive scattering of heat carriers in the solid phase of polymer matrix, instead of air. This study provides quantitative understanding of the pore size effect on thermal conductivity of polymer foams. It is also shown that polyetherimide (PEI) nanofoams could have a thermal conductivity as low as 0.015 W/m‐K. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2013. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers
Tigecycline‐Related Pancreatitis: A Review of Spontaneous Adverse Event Reports
Authors: Okon Emmanuel , Engell Christian , van Manen Robbert , Brown Jack 
Published: January 2013

Study ObjectiveTo provide clinicians with an understanding of the comparative occurrence of tigecycline and pancreatitis, and to provide any clinically relevant characteristics that may be useful in identifying the patients at risk.DesignRetrospective cohort study.Data SourceSpontaneous reports in the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (AERS) database generated between January 1997 and December 2010.PatientsSixty‐two patients who experienced pancreatitis while receiving tigecycline therapy.Measurements and Main ResultsDisproportionality analysis with Bayesian correction methodology was used to compare tigecycline with all other agents listed in the AERS. Disproportionality analysis uses an adverse event relative reporting ratio (RRR) to compare the occurrence of a specific adverse event with an index drug of interest to the occurrence of the same adverse event with similar agents or with all other FDA‐approved prescription drugs. The value was considered meaningful if the 5th percentile of the distribution of the RRR (RRR05) was 2 or greater. Our review identified 62 potential cases of tigecyline‐related pancreatitis. An RRR05 score of 10.4, 10.38, and 2.87 was determined for tigecycline‐related pancreatitis compared with all other agents, systemic antibiotics, and select tetracyclines listed in the AERS, respectively. In addition, a sex‐based RRR05 score was higher in women versus men (14.432 vs 3.125) when tigecycline was compared with all agents in the AERS.ConclusionOur analysis suggests a quantitative signal between tigecycline use and pancreatitis; however, given the limitations of our study, a cause‐and‐effect relationship cannot be inferred. Thus, additional rigorous scientific analyses are warranted to explore these findings.
Ruxolitinib: A New Treatment Option for Myelofibrosis
Authors: Ganetsky Alex 
Published: January 2013

Myelofibrosis is a myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by bone marrow fibrosis and extramedullary hematopoiesis. Evolution of myelofibrosis can lead to life‐threatening complications, including transformation to leukemia, thrombotic events, and hemorrhagic episodes. The only curative therapy for myelofibrosis is allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Because this disease manifests primarily in the older population, many patients diagnosed with myelofibrosis are not considered medically fit for such aggressive therapy. Other available medical therapies do not halt disease progression; instead, current treatment strategies have focused on targeting specific symptomology, although with limited efficacy. The lack of effective treatment options for patients with myelofibrosis has rendered this orphan disease state an unmet medical need, and novel approaches to improve outcomes are necessary. Emerging research has identified numerous molecular mutations in patients with myelofibrosis, making this disease a potential candidate for molecularly targeted therapy. The most prevalent mutation identified is a gain‐of‐function mutation in the Janus kinase (JAK) family, JAK2 V617F, which has been identified in more than half of patients with myelofibrosis. This mutation results in a constitutively active JAK‐signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway resulting in dysregulated cellular proliferation and hematopoiesis. Ruxolitinib is a small‐molecule inhibitor of JAK1 and JAK2 and recently became the first drug approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of symptomatic intermediate‐ or high‐risk myelofibrosis. In clinical trials, ruxolitinib demonstrated promising efficacy in reducing splenomegaly and myelofibrosis‐related symptoms. However, ruxolitinib did not demonstrate disease‐modifying potential and is not considered a curative therapeutic option. Adverse events associated with ruxolitinib are primarily hematologic, with thrombocytopenia and anemia being the most common toxicologic events identified. Future research will shed light on whether ruxolitinib in combination with other treatments will further enhance outcomes in myelofibrosis.
Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring: Recent Evidence and Clinical Pharmacy Applications
Authors: Ernst Michael E. 
Published: January 2013

Conventional office blood pressure readings are a well‐established surrogate for the prediction of cardiovascular risk. It is assumed that these readings reflect an underlying average level of blood pressure exposure occurring in an individual over a period of time. But because blood pressure is not static, important additional prognostic information about the diurnal blood pressure profile, including within‐day and between‐day variability, is not easily ascertained from conventional measurements. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring provides a more thorough depiction of the underlying blood pressure level and predicts cardiovascular risk more robustly than do conventional blood pressure measurements. Although the technology has been available for more than 30 years, there has been an expansion of the research base in the past decade supporting its role in the evaluation and management of patients with hypertension and as an important surrogate in research trials. This review summarizes recent evidence supporting the predictive ability of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and briefly highlights opportunities for clinical pharmacists to adopt this important clinical and research tool.
Implementation of an Antimicrobial Stewardship Pathway with Daptomycin for Optimal Treatment of Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia
Authors: Kullar Ravina , Davis Susan L. , Kaye Keith S. , Levine Donald P. , Pogue Jason M. , Rybak Michael J. 
Published: January 2013

Study ObjectiveTo evaluate a clinical pathway using daptomycin in patients with bacteremia caused by methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates exhibiting vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) greater than 1 mg/L.DesignTwo‐phase quasi‐experimental study.SettingLevel I trauma center in Detroit, Michigan.PatientsThe study population consisted of a total of 170 patients with MRSA bacteremia susceptible to vancomycin: 70 patients who had initial blood MRSA isolates exhibiting a vancomycin MIC > 1 mg/L and were treated with vancomycin were included in phase I (retrospective baseline period [2005–2007]) and 100 patients who were switched to daptomycin after initial vancomycin therapy according to the institutional MRSA bacteremia treatment pathway were included in phase II (the period after implementation of the treatment pathway [2008–2010]).InterventionThe MRSA bacteremia treatment pathway was as follows: vancomycin therapy was initiated, optimizing target trough concentrations to 15–20 mg/L; for isolates demonstrating vancomycin MICs greater than 1 mg/L, therapy was switched to daptomycin, initiated at dosages of 6 mg/kg/day or higher.Measurements and Main ResultsInfection characteristics, patient outcomes, and costs were evaluated. Patient characteristics were similar between the phase I and phase II groups. Phase II patients were more likely to achieve clinical success than were phase I patients (75.0% vs 41.4%, p<0.001). Phase II patients demonstrated a shorter total hospital length of stay and shorter durations of inpatient therapy, fever, and bacteremia. Treatment during phase I was independently associated with failure. Nine patients during phase I experienced nephrotoxicity, and two patients during phase II experienced increases in creatine kinase level. Costs were similar between phases I and II ($18,385 vs $19,755, p>0.05), although the hospital readmission rate was higher in phase I (33% vs 21%, p=0.08).ConclusionAmong the patients with bacteremia who had MRSA isolates that exhibited elevated vancomycin MICs, the switch to daptomycin improved clinical success without increasing treatment cost.
Effect of a cocatalyst modifier in the synthesis of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene having reduced number of entanglements
Authors: Romano Dario , Andablo‐Reyes Efren Alberto , Ronca Sara , Rastogi Sanjay 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe use of a hindered phenol to trap free trimethylaluminum (TMA) in methylaluminoxane (MAO) solutions has been reported to improve the performance of single‐site, homogeneous catalysts for olefin polymerization. In the present study, with the help of rheological analyses, we have investigated and compared the molecular weight, molecular weight distribution and entanglement density of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene synthesized with a single‐site catalyst activated by MAO and phenol‐modified MAO. While the number average molecular weight (Mn) of the obtained polymers remains the same for both activations, a higher yield and a higher entanglement density are found in the initial stages of polymerization on using phenol‐modified MAO as the cocatalyst. These results suggest that on using the phenol‐modified MAO as activator, a higher number of active sites are obtained. Surprisingly in the presence of untreated MAO, a tail in the higher molecular mass region is produced. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013
Anionic ring‐opening polymerization of a five‐membered cyclic carbonate having a glucopyranoside structure
Authors: Azechi Motohisa , Matsumoto Kozo , Endo Takeshi 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAnionic ring‐opening polymerizations of methyl 4,6‐O‐benzylidene‐2,3‐O‐carbonyl‐α‐D‐glucopyranoside (MBCG) were investigated using various anionic polymerization initiators. Polymerizations of the cyclic carbonate readily proceeded by using highly active initiators such as n‐butyllithium, lithium tert‐butoxide, sodium tert‐butoxide, potassium tert‐butoxide, and 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene, whereas it did not proceed by using N,N‐dimethyl‐4‐aminopyridine and pyridine as initiators. In a polymerization of MBCG (1.0 M), 99% of MBCG was converted within 30 s to give the corresponding polymer with number‐averaged molecular weight (Mn) of 16,000. However, the Mn of the polymer decreased to 7500 when the polymerization time was prolonged to 24 h. It is because a backbiting reaction might occur under the polymerization conditions. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
Chemiresistor Sensors Based on Conducting Polymers for Hypergolic Propellants and Acidic Vapors of Rocket Exhaust Plumes – A Review
Authors: Selvakumar Subramanian , Somanathan Narayanasastri , Reddy Kami Audisesha 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis review covers the main applications of conducting polymers in chemiresistor sensors for sensing hazardous hypergolic liquid propellant vapors and toxic exhaust plume acidic vapors of solid rocket motors at explosive (percent), toxic and threshold limit value concentration levels. The First part is focused on vapors of NO2 and mixed oxides of nitrogen (MON‐3). The Second part is focused on vapors of hydrazines such as hydrazine, monomethylhydrazine (MMH) and unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH). Chemiresistor sensors for toxic HCl vapors of exhaust plume of rockets and missiles are reviewed in the third part. Salient features of the sensors such as conducting mechanisms during sensing, thickness of sensing layer, factors that influence conductivity, response time, recovery time, detectable range, and minimum detectable limit are discussed in this review. Advantages and disadvantages of conducting polymer coated fabrics as novel chemiresistor sensors over inorganic substrates are also discussed.