bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulatory T cells in immune‐mediated renal disease
Authors: Ghali Joanna R , Wang Yuan Min , Holdsworth Stephen R , Kitching A Richard 
Published: July 2015

AbstractRegulatory T cells (Tregs) are CD4+ T cells that can suppress immune responses by effector T cells, B cells and innate immune cells. This review discusses the role that Tregs play in murine models of immune‐mediated renal diseases and acute kidney injury and in human autoimmune kidney disease (such as systemic lupus erythematosus, anti‐glomerular basement membrane disease, anti‐neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody‐associated vasculitis). Current research suggests that Tregs may be reduced in number and/or have impaired regulatory function in these diseases. Tregs possess several mechanisms by which they can limit renal and systemic inflammatory immune responses. Potential therapeutic applications involving Tregs include in vivo induction of Tregs or inducing Tregs from naïve CD4+ T cells or expanding natural Tregs ex vivo, to use as a cellular therapy. At present, the optimal method of generating a phenotypically stable pool of Tregs with long‐lasting suppressive effects is not established, but human studies in renal transplantation are underway exploring the therapeutic potential of Tregs as a cellular therapy, and if successful may have a role as a novel therapy in immune‐mediated renal diseases.
Mesenchymal stem cell treatment in hyperoxia‐induced lung injury in newborn rats
Authors: Gülaşı Selvi , Atıcı Aytuğ , Yılmaz Şakir Necat , Polat Ayşe , Yılmaz Mustafa , Laçin Melisa Türkoğlu , Örekici Gülhan , Çelik Yalçın 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of tracheally delivered mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) on lung pathology in a hyperoxia‐induced lung injury (HILI) model in neonatal rats.MethodsFor the HILI model, rat pups were exposed to 85–95% oxygen during the first 10 days of life. Rats were divided into six groups: room‐air normoxia (n = 11); room air, sham (n = 11); hyperoxia exposed with normal saline as placebo (n = 9); hyperoxia exposed with culture medium of MSC (n = 10); hyperoxia exposed with medium remaining after harvesting of MSC (n = 8); and hyperoxia exposed with MSC (n = 17). Pathologic changes, number and diameter of alveoli, α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) expression and localization of MSC in the lungs were assessed.ResultsNumber of alveoli increased and alveolar diameter decreased in the mesenchymal stem cell group so that there were no differences when compared with the normoxia group (P = 0.126 and P = 0.715, respectively). Expression of α‐SMA decreased significantly in the mesenchymal stem cell group compared with the placebo group (P < 0001). Green fluorescent protein‐positive cells were found in lung tissue from all rats given MSC. Some green fluorescent protein‐positive MSC also expressed surfactant protein‐C.ConclusionMesenchymal stem cells became localized in damaged lung tissue, and recovery approximated the room air control.
Donor‐specific anti‐HLA antibodies in pediatric renal transplant recipients with creeping creatinine: Prevalence, histological correlations, and impact on patient and graft survival
Authors: Monteverde Marta Lidia , Chaparro Alicia , Goldberg Julio , Marcos Cintia Yanina , Padros Karim , Balbarrey Ziomara , Briones Liliana , Rush David 
Published: July 2015

AbstractDonor‐specific anti‐HLA antibodies (DSA) causing CAMR are responsible for a high proportion of long‐term graft failures after RTX. We studied the prevalence of DSA in RTX children biopsied for creeping Cr, its relationship with NA, and patient and graft survival according to histopathology. Between 2008 and 2013, 92 children were biopsied at a median of 38 months post‐RTX. At biopsy, the prevalence of DSA was 49% and C4d 70%. NA rate was 45%, higher in adolescents (60%). Most frequent diagnoses were CAMR (72%) and interstitial fibrosis with tubular atrophy (IFTA) (28%). Forty‐five of 66 patients with CAMR (68%) had detectable DSA. Twenty‐one DSA‐negative patients with CAMR had histological damage (IFTA + C4d positivity). C4d was detected in 64 of 66 biopsies with CAMR. Recipients with IFTA alone had neither C4d, nor detectable DSA, and were adherent. Graft survival at five yr was 89% in patients with CAMR, 79% in those with CAMR + TCMR Banff I, 33% in those with CAMR + TCMR Banff II, and 96% in those with IFTA. ABMR and complement activation were frequent in children biopsied for creeping Cr. Recipients with DSA were more likely to be non‐adherent and have CAMR or CAMR + TCMR and worse graft survival.
Religious Epistemology
Authors: Dougherty Trent , Tweedt Chris 
Published: July 2015

AbstractReligious epistemology is the study of how subjects' religious beliefs can have, or fail to have, some form of positive epistemic status (such as knowledge, justification, warrant, and rationality) and whether they even need such status appropriate to their kind. The current debate is focused most centrally upon the kind of basis upon which a religious believer can be rationally justified in holding certain beliefs about God (whether God exists, what attributes God has, what God is doing, etc.) and whether it is necessary to be so justified to believe as a religious believer ought (in some sense of ‘ought’ more general than rational justification). Engaging these issues are primarily three groups of people who call themselves ‘fideists’, ‘Reformed epistemologists’, and ‘evidentialists’. Each group has a position, but the positions are not mutually exclusive in every case, and in the debate, the names better describe the groups' emphases than mutually exclusive positions in the debate. In this article, we will first give a brief historical survey of evidentialism, fideism, and reformed epistemology. Second, we will give the fideist's position. Third, we will give the evidentialist's position. Fourth, we will give the reformed epistemologist's position, and last, we will include some comments on the current state of the debate, where we will show that the groups' positions are not mutually exclusive.
Racist Humor
Authors: Anderson Luvell 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn this brief essay, I will lay out the philosophical landscape concerning theories of racist humor. First, I mention some preliminary issues that bear on the question of what makes a joke racist. Next, I briefly survey some of the views philosophers have offered on racist humor, and on a view of sexist humor that is relevant for this discussion. I then suggest the debates could benefit from moving beyond the racist/non‐racist binary most views presuppose. Finally, I conclude with suggestions for further research.
Poverty, Pregnancy, and Birth Outcomes: A Study of the Earned Income Tax Credit
Authors: Hamad Rita , Rehkopf David H. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackgroundEconomic interventions are increasingly recognised as a mechanism to address perinatal health outcomes among disadvantaged groups. In theUS, the earned income tax credit (EITC) is the largest poverty alleviation programme. Little is known about its effects on perinatal health among recipients and their children. We exploit quasi‐random variation in the size ofEITCpayments to examine the effects of income on perinatal health.MethodsThe study sample includes women surveyed in the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (n = 2985) and their children born during 1986–2000 (n = 4683). Outcome variables include utilisation of prenatal and postnatal care, use of alcohol and tobacco during pregnancy, term birth, birthweight, and breast‐feeding status. We first examine the health effects of both household income andEITCpayment size using multivariable linear regressions. We then employ instrumental variables analysis to estimate the causal effect of income on perinatal health, usingEITCpayment size as an instrument for household income.ResultsWe find thatEITCpayment size is associated with better levels of several indicators of perinatal health. Instrumental variables analysis, however, does not reveal a causal association between household income and these health measures.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that associations between income and perinatal health may be confounded by unobserved characteristics, but thatEITCincome improves perinatal health. Future studies should continue to explore the impacts of economic interventions on perinatal health outcomes, and investigate how different forms of income transfers may have different impacts.
The Japanese version of the Rapid Dementia Screening Test is effective compared to the clock‐drawing test for detecting patients with mild Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Moriyama Yasushi , Yoshino Aihide , Yamanaka Kaori , Kato Motoichiro , Muramatsu Taro , Mimura Masaru 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe Japanese version of the Rapid Dementia Screening Test (RDST‐J) and the clock‐drawing test (CDT) are both brief psychometric screening tools used to detect the severity of Alzheimer's disease. It remains unclear, however, which is more effective when screening for mild Alzheimer's disease.MethodsWe administered the RDST‐J and CDT to 250 patients with very mild to severe Alzheimer's disease and to 49 healthy volunteers. Patients with a Mini‐Mental State Examination score of 12–26 had Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) scores from 0.5 to 3. Patients were divided into four groups according to CDR score. We performed one‐way factorial anova between the four groups and control subjects based on the CDT and RDST‐J scores.ResultsData analysis revealed that RDST‐J could distinguish patients with CDR 0.5 from the controls, but CDT could not. Furthermore, the sensitivity of a RDST‐J score ≥8 was 57.1%, with a specificity of 81.0%, and the sensitivity of a RDST‐J score ≥9 was 79.6%, with a specificity of 55.1% for discriminating CDR 0.5 from controls.ConclusionsRDST‐J is a more effective tool than CDT for distinguishing CDR 0.5 from controls.
The psalms, war, and royal iconography: Katherine Parr's Psalms or Prayers (1544) and Henry VIII as David
Authors: White Micheline 
Published: July 2015

AbstractTudor historians and literary scholars have long examined the various ways in which Henry VIII and his advisors used the psalms and King David's life to represent Henry's political and religious power. This article examines Katherine Parr's translation of John Fisher's Psalms or Prayers, a book that has not figured in studies of Henrician iconography, but that was one of the most influential acts of royal representation produced in the last years of Henry's reign. Parr's book was printed at a time of military conflict, and as I will argue, it served to represent Henry as an exemplary wartime Davidic monarch – one who was repentant, in need of divine assistance, and thankful for God's help. Parr's book also included an innovative ‘A Prayer for the King,' a translation of a Latin prayer for Henry that was itself derived from a prayer for the Holy Roman Emperor. This prayer explicitly aligns Henry with David and Solomon as it draws on verses from Psalm 2, Psalm 20, and the Book of Proverbs. Importantly, Parr made timely alterations as she translated the Latin prayer into English, alterations that underscore Henry's religious authority, his obedience, and his military prowess. Finally, resonances between Parr's book and the annotations that Henry made in his manuscript Psalter point to political collaboration between king and queen on this important wartime crown production.
William Hunnis and the success of the Seven Sobs
Authors: Costley King'oo Clare 
Published: July 2015

AbstractMy article focuses on Seven Sobs of a Sorrowfull Soule for Sinne, an expansive verse paraphrase of the seven Penitential Psalms by William Hunnis, Master of the Children of the Chapel Royal. First published in 1583, this text has been largely overlooked, or mentioned only in passing, by modern scholars. However, it garnered considerable popular interest in its own time, running to a total of fifteen editions by 1636 and earning revenue for several generations of printers. My task is to explore the significance of this huge commercial success for the field of psalm studies, as well as to consider why we have found it difficult to give Hunnis's publication sufficient attention to date. Analysing Seven Sobs in relation to the centuries‐old tradition of praying and commenting on the Penitential Psalms, which elsewhere I have termed ‘penitential hermeneutics’, I elucidate how Hunnis and his publishers were able to propagate a relatively innovative reformist agenda by combining it with long‐standing devotional and interpretive custom. And I argue that the challenge of understanding Hunnis's dilatory (and often tortuous) paraphrase, and the role it played in post‐Reformation England, might highlight the continued importance of reading and theorizing across periods and confessions today.
Mary Sidney's embroidered psalms
Authors: Osherow Michele 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis article examines ways in which Mary Sidney's psalms demonstrate an intertextual play between pen and needle. Her translations are a linguistic embroidery of the biblical poems: attention to colours and to cunning, to ornamentation and to pattern characterizes Sidney's psalms as much as they do any priestly girdle or linen ephod. To demonstrate this, I reference criticism regarding women's words and needlework as ‘interrelated’; next, I argue that these female textualities are linked biblically, making Sidney's choices particularly appropriate for biblical translation. The merging of literary and material texts in Sidney's psalms is driven home in the demonstration of how her translations and linguistic word‐play mirror needlework practices.
Gender Moderates the Progression from Fearful Temperament to Social Withdrawal through Protective Parenting
Authors: Kiel Elizabeth J. , Premo Julie E. , Buss Kristin A. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractChild gender may exert its influence on development, not as a main effect, but as a moderator among predictors and outcomes. We examined this notion in relations among toddler fearful temperament, maternal protective parenting, maternal accuracy in predicting toddler distress to novelty, and child social withdrawal. In two multi‐method, longitudinal studies of toddlers (24 months at Time 1; Ns = 93 and 117, respectively) and their mothers, few main effect gender differences occurred. Moderation existed in both studies: only for highly accurate mothers of boys, fearful temperament related to protective parenting, which then predicted later social withdrawal. Thus, studying only main‐effect gender differences may obscure important differences in how boys and girls develop from fearful temperament to later social withdrawal.
Highly polytypic taxon complex: interspecific and intraspecific integrative taxonomic assessment of the widespread pollinator Bombus pascuorumScopoli 1763 (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
Authors: LECOCQ THOMAS , BRASERO NICOLAS , MARTINET BAPTISTE , VALTEROVÀ IRENA , RASMONT PIERRE 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe recent development of the integrative taxonomic approach in bumblebees has led to unexpected merging or splitting of several taxa. Here we investigate the taxonomic statuses of one of the most abundant, widespread and polytypic Palearctic bumblebees, Bombus pascuorum. The latest review of this species includes 24 subspecies. We used an integrative approach based on genetic markers and male chemical reproductive traits and compared our results with the former classifications. Our results show that all B. pascuorum taxa are conspecific and share the same male chemical reproductive traits. The genetic structure observed in one mitochondrial and two nuclear markers poorly reflects the current subspecific classification. Indeed, the concordance of population genetic differentiation, population geographic distribution, and population colour pattern similarity suggests a different meaningful prospective classification with four taxon complexes: (i) the B. pascuorum dusmeti group, including all taxa from the Iberian Peninsula and south‐west France; (ii) B. pascuorum rehbinderi; (iii) B. pascuorum siciliensis; and (iv) B. pascuorum floralis groups (including all other taxa studied here).
Diagnostic performance of rapid diagnostic tests for the diagnosis of malaria at public health facilities in north‐west Ethiopia
Authors: Getnet Gebeyaw , Getie Sisay , Srivastava Mitaly , Birhan Wubet , Fola Abebe A. , Noedl Harald 
Published: July 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the performance of RDTs against nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) for the diagnosis of malaria in public health facilities in north‐western Ethiopia.MethodsCross‐sectional study at public health facilities in North Gondar, Ethiopia, of 359 febrile patients with signs and symptoms consistent with malaria. Finger prick blood samples were collected for testing in a P. falciparum/pan‐malaria RDTs and for molecular analysis. Sensitivity, specificity and predictive values were determined for the RDTs using nPCR as reference diagnostic method. Kappa value was determined to demonstrate the consistency of the results between the diagnostic tools.ResultsBy RDTs, 22.28% (80/359) of patients tested positive for malaria, and by nPCR, 27.02% (97/359) did. In nPCR, 1.67% (6/359) and 0.28% (1/359) samples were positive for P. ovale and P. malariae, which had almost all tested negative in the RDTs. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of RDTs for the diagnosis of malaria were 62.9%, 92.7%, 76.3% and 87.1%, respectively, with 0.589 measurement agreement between RDTs and nPCR. The sensitivity and specificity of RDTs for P. falciparum identification only were 70.8% and 95.2%, and 65.2% and 93.1% for P. vivax.ConclusionAlthough RDTs are commonly used at health posts in resource‐limited environments, their sensitivity and specificity for the detection and species identification of Plasmodium parasites were poor compared to nPCR, suggesting caution in interpreting RDTs results. Particularly, in the light of expanded efforts to eliminate malaria in the country, more sensitive diagnostic procedures will be needed.
Genome Sequence of Klebsiella pneumoniae YZUSK-4, a Bacterium Proposed as a Starter Culture for Fermented Meat Products
Authors: Yu Hai , Yin Yongqi , Xu Lin , Yan Ming , Fang Weiming , Ge Qingfeng 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT

Klebsiella pneumoniae
strain YZUSK-4, isolated from Chinese RuGao ham, is an efficient branched-chain aminotransferase-producing bacterium that can be used widely in fermented meat products to enhance flavor. The draft genome sequence of strain YZUSK-4 may provide useful genetic information on branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase production and branched-chain amino acid metabolism.
Complete Genome Sequence of Escherichia coli Strain RS218 (O18:H7:K1), Associated with Neonatal Meningitis
Authors: Wijetunge Dona Saumya S. , Katani Robab , Kapur Vivek , Kariyawasam Subhashinie 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT

Escherichia coli
RS218 is the prototypic strain of neonatal meningitis-causing
E. coli
(NMEC) and has been used in many studies related to NMEC pathogenesis. In the present study, the genome of
E. coli
RS218 was sequenced together with its plasmid, pRS218. Here, we report the fully closed genome sequence of
E. coli
RS218.
Draft Genome Sequence of Mycobacterium heraklionense Strain Davo
Authors: Greninger Alexander L. , Cunningham Gail , Chiu Charles Y. , Miller Steve 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT

We report the draft genome sequence of
Mycobacterium heraklionense
strain Davo, isolated from a fine-needle aspirate of a right-ankle soft-tissue mass. This is the first draft genome sequence of
Mycobacterium heraklionense
, a nonpigmented rapidly growing mycobacterium.
Draft Genome Sequence of Caprolactam-Degrading Pseudomonas putida Strain SJ3
Authors: Hong Sung-Jun , Park Gun-Seok , Khan Abdur Rahim , Jung Byung Kown , Park Yeong-Jun , Yoo Na-Kyung , Lee Changhee , Park Choi Kyu , Shin Jae-Ho 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT

Pseudomonas putida
strain SJ3, which possesses caprolactam-degrading ability, was isolated from dyeing industry wastewater in Daegu, Republic of Korea. Here, we describe the draft genome sequence and annotation of the strain. The 5,596,765-bp-long genome contains 4,293 protein-coding genes and 68 RNA genes with 61.70% G+C content.
Draft Genome Sequence of Strain ATCC 33958, Reported To Be Elizabethkingia miricola
Authors: Matyi Stephanie A. , Hoyt Peter R. , Ayoubi-Canaan Patricia , Hasan Nabeeh A. , Gustafson John E. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT

We report the draft genome of
Elizabethkingia
strain ATCC 33958, which has been classified as
Elizabethkingia miricola
. Similar to other
Elizabethkingia
species, the ATCC 33958 draft genome contains numerous β-lactamase genes. ATCC 33958 also harbors a urease gene cluster which supports classification as
E. miricola
.
The relationship of individual comorbid chronic conditions to diabetes care quality
Authors: Magnan Elizabeth M , Palta Mari , Mahoney Jane E , Pandhi Nancy , Bolt Daniel M , Fink Jennifer , Greenlee Robert T , Smith Maureen A 
Published: July 2015

ObjectiveMultimorbidity affects 26 million persons with diabetes, and care for comorbid chronic conditions may impact diabetes care quality. The aim of this study was to determine which chronic conditions were related to lack of achievement or achievement of diabetes care quality goals to determine potential targets for future interventions.Research design and methodsThis is an exploratory retrospective analysis of electronic health record data for 23 430 adults, aged 18–75, with diabetes who were seen at seven Midwestern US health systems. The main outcome measures were achievement of six diabetes quality metrics in the reporting year, 2011 (glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) control and testing, low-density lipoprotein control and testing, blood pressure control, kidney testing). Explanatory variables were 62 chronic condition indicators. Analyses were adjusted for baseline patient sociodemographic and healthcare utilization factors.ResultsThe 62 chronic conditions varied in their relationships to diabetes care goal achievement for specific care goals. Congestive heart failure was related to lack of achievement of cholesterol management goals. Obesity was related to lack of HbA1c and BP control. Mental health conditions were related to both lack of achievement and achievement of different care goals. Three conditions were related to lack of cholesterol testing, including congestive heart failure and substance-use disorders. Of 17 conditions related to achieving control goals, 16 were related to achieving HbA1c control. One-half of the comorbid conditions did not predict diabetes care quality.ConclusionsFuture interventions could target patients at risk for not achieving diabetes care for specific care goals based on their individual comorbidities.