bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultra-high extinction ratio polarization beam splitter using an antisymmetric grating-assisted multimode waveguide
Authors: Xu ZhengYing , Tu Bin , Liu Hao 
Published: July 2024

We have proposed and demonstrated a polarization beam splitter (PBS) with an ultra-high extinction ratio (ER) utilizing an antisymmetric grating-assisted multimode waveguide (AGMW) and an asymmetric directional coupler (ADC) on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform. The AGMW structure is designed to facilitate the conversion of the forward TE0 mode into the backward TE1 mode. Upon injection of the TE0 mode, it transforms into the backward TE1 mode, subsequently undergoing conversion back to a TE0 mode through the ADC and ultimately dropping out from the designated port. In contrast, the injected TM0 mode traverses the device with minimal impact. The simulation results indicate that, for the TE0 mode, a bandwidth of 70 nm with an insertion loss (IL) below 0.65 dB and an ER over 40 dB is achieved. Similarly, for the TM0 mode, the bandwidth with the IL below 0.13 dB and an ER over 40 dB is 90 nm. Experimental validation confirms that, within the measured wavelength range from 1500 to 1580 nm, the bandwidth with an ER exceeding 30 dB is 61 nm for the TE0 mode and 78 nm for the TM0 mode.
Are healthy ageing trajectories suitable to identify rehabilitation needs of the ageing population? An exploratory study using ATHLOS cohort data
Authors: Sabariego Carla , Hodel Jsabel , Seijas Vanessa , Rodriguez-Laso Angel , Bickenbach Jerome , Ehrmann Cristina 
Published: July 2024

Background
The ageing process is highly heterogeneous leading to diverse ageing trajectories. Such trajectories have been modelled to study trends and determinants of ageing and could potentially be used to inform the planning of rehabilitation services at population level. The objective of this paper was to explore whether healthy ageing trajectories are suitable to identify targets for rehabilitation interventions for the ageing population.

Methods
Data from the Ageing Trajectories of Health: Longitudinal Opportunities and Synergies (ATHLOS) harmonized cohort and the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA), which is included in ATHLOS, were used. Growth mixture models were implemented to replicate healthy ageing trajectories modelled elsewhere as ’high stable’, ’low stable’, and ’rapid decline’. Regularized partial correlation networks were used to estimate expected-influence and bridge expected-influence centrality measures.

Results
Healthy ageing trajectories modelled with ATHLOS (N = 131116) and ELSA (N = 14904) were consistent with previous work. At the first individual wave, prevalence of problems of respondents in the ’high stable’ and ’rapid decline’ trajectories were comparable; at the last individual wave, prevalence remained similar for the ’high stable’ but increased substantially in all domains for the ’rapid decline’ trajectory. Expected-influence centrality measures provided different results than prevalence estimates. For instance, in the first individual wave mobility and carrying, moving, and handling objects had highest impact on overall functioning for the ’rapid decline’ and ’high stable’ trajectories, while the most prevalent functioning problems concerned cognition, pain, as well as energy and drive functions.

Conclusions
Our study stressed the relevance of healthy ageing trajectories for identifying functioning domains and categories that need to be targeted by rehabilitation services in a heterogeneous ageing population. The use of such trajectories at country level has the potential to make a meaningful contribution to the planning and delivery of rehabilitation interventions through health systems and to informed policy making.
The main principles of managing patients with Graves’ disease in clinical practice
Authors: Pesheva E. D. , Khruleva Yu. I. , Deunezhewa S. M. , Enikeeva K. R. , Mukhambet D. , Morgunova T. B. , Fadeev V. V. 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: Graves’ disease (GD) is a common cause of persistent thyrotoxicosis. In regions with adequate iodine intake, the incidence is 20–30 cases per 100,000 people. Modern treatment of GD includes antithyroid drugs, radioactive iodine therapy (RAI), and thyroidectomy. The choice of treatment strategy is based on the severity of thyrotoxicosis, the frequency of potential side effects, the availability of treatment options, and the likelihood of achieving sustained remission. Previous studies have demonstrated differences in approaches to diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up between countries and individual specialists.AIM: To conduct a survey on the current clinical practice of treating Graves’ disease in Russia.MATERIALS AND METHODS: An online survey was conducted among physicians in 2022-2023. The questions covered the principles of diagnosis, treatment, and dynamic observation of adult patients with Graves’ disease.RESULTS: The study involved 104 physicians of various specialties who treat patients with Graves’ disease. Approximately 99% of respondents chose the determination of thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor antibodies (TSHR-ab) to clarify the etiology of thyrotoxicosis, while only 60.6% of them chose thyroid scintigraphy. As the first-line treatment method, antithyroid drug therapy is chosen by 88.5%, while 13.5% of physicians use radioactive iodine therapy (RAI), and less than 1% of respondents refer patients to thyroidectomy. Thiamazole is most commonly used (99%), while propylthiouracil (PTU) is used in cases of allergy to thiamazole or during the first trimester of pregnancy. The «block-replace» scheme is preferred over the «block» scheme, with 72.1% compared to 28.8%, respectively. The majority of physicians (95.2%) initiate therapy with moderate doses of thiamazole (20–30 mg) and PTU (200–300 mg). Most physicians conduct dynamic monitoring of liver transaminase levels (57.7%) and complete blood count (78.8%). Conservative therapy is prescribed for a period of 12–18 months (88.5%) or up to 24 months (10.6%). Before discontinuing antithyroid drug therapy, 89.4% of respondents monitor thyroid hormone levels, 82.7% monitor TSHR-Ab levels, and 47.1% perform thyroid ultrasound. Repeat courses of conservative therapy are prescribed for up to 61.5% of respondents. Approximately 63.5% of surveyed physicians reported difficulties in referring patients for radical treatment due to a limited number of specialized institutions. Physicians cited patient unwillingness and the need to postpone pregnancy (81.6% and 24.3% respectively) as the main inhibitory factors for RAI. Thyroidectomy was associated with patient unwillingness (69.2%), as well as physician fear of laryngeal paralysis (48.1%) and postoperative hypoparathyroidism (49%).CONCLUSION: The results of the study demonstrated that physicians in their practice generally adhere to international recommendations for the treatment of Graves’ disease.
How Do Nonprofits’ Organizational Characteristics Shape Environmental Philanthropy in Texas? A Network Science Approach
Authors: Ovalle Joycelyn , Bixler R. Patrick , Ma Ji 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In efforts to address the far-reaching effects of climate change and associated impacts in communities, research on environmental philanthropy suggests that more resources are being allocated to environmental societal challenges. However, understandings about which environmental nonprofits benefit from these funding flows is limited. This study integrates resource dependency theory with elitism and pluralism perspectives to analyze a network of environmental nonprofits and their funders in Texas. Resource dependency and a network-analytic approaches share underlying relationality principles, and we connect those dots by conceptualizing the funding dynamics in Texas as a network of funder-grantee relations. Drawing on statewide survey data (n = 114), we use a network analysis technique – exponential random graph modeling (ERGM) – to analyze funding allocations in Texas through the organizational attributes of environmental nonprofits, their funder-grantee relations, and their community context. We specifically observe elitism in funding allocations in Texas, which is evident in network effects (preferential attachment) and the focal areas of environmental work. However, we find limited evidence that age or resources of the nonprofit are predictive of funding and the most influential factor determining a funder-grantee relationship is the natural hazard risk of the community served by the nonprofit. Our findings suggest interconnected funding dynamics of pluralism and elitism in the Texas environmental philanthropy landscape, prompting further discussion about the potential synergies of these patterns and the implications for environmental funding practices.
PRESERVASI ARSIP DI RECORD CENTER FIKOM DALAM UPAYA PERLINDUNGAN KOLEKSI ARSIP
Authors: Abidin Asep Zainal , Khadijah Ute Lies Siti , Rodiah Saleha , Khaerunnisa Lutfi 
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mendeskripsikan bagaimana preservasi yang dilakukan di Record Center dalam upaya perlindungan koleksi arsip. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data yang dihasilkan dari kegiatan observasi,wawancara dan studi pustaka. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa kegiatan preservasi di Record Center sering dilakukan sejauh ini hanya kegiatan preservasi preventif saja.
Exploring LSTM-based Attention Mechanisms with PSO and Grid Search under Different Normalization Techniques for Energy demands Time Series Forecasting
Authors: Pranolo Andri , Zhou Xiaofeng , Mao Yingchi , Pratolo Bambang Widi , Wibawa Aji Prasetya , Utama Agung Bella Putra , Ba Abdoul Fatakhou , Muhammad Abdullahi Uwaisu 
Published: July 2024

Advanced analytical approaches are required to accurately forecast the energy sector's rising complexity and volume of time series data. This research aims to forecast the energy demand utilizing sophisticated Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) configurations with Attention mechanisms (Att), Grid search, and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). In addition, the study also examines the influence of Min-Max and Z-Score normalization approaches in the preprocessing stage on the accuracy performances of the baselines and the proposed models. PSO and Grid Search techniques are used to select the best hyperparameters for LSTM models, while the attention mechanism selects the important input for the LSTM. The research compares the performance of baselines (LSTM, Grid-search-LSTM, and PSO-LSTM) and proposes models (Att-LSTM, Att-Grid-search-LSTM, and Att-PSO-LSTM) based on MAPE, RMSE, and R2 metrics into two scenarios normalization: Min-Max, and Z-Score. The results show that all models with Min-Max normalization have better MAPE, RMSE, and R2 than those with Z-Score. The best model performance is shown in Att-PSO-LSTM MAPE 3.1135, RMSE 0.0551, and R2 0.9233, followed by Att-Grid-search-LSTM, Att-LSTM, PSO-LSTM, Grid-search-LSTM, and LSTM. These findings emphasize the effectiveness of attention mechanisms in improving model predictions and the influence of normalization methods on model performance. This study's novel approach provides valuable insights into time series forecasting in energy demands.
The Utilization of Calcium in Watermelon Rind Extract for Osteoporosis Drug Agent
Authors: Asiyah Siti Nur , Prayoga Bagus Putra , Hartatiek Hartatiek , Ahmad Norhayati 
Published: July 2024

Calcium is one of the essential minerals for the body, especially in the elderly and pregnant women. Using natural materials containing calcium is very important, especially natural materials that are only used as waste, such as watermelon rind. Watermelon rind has a calcium of 31 mg. Therefore, it is very efficient to be used. The manufacture of this osteoporosis drug does not refer to calcium from watermelon rind extract alone. However, it is supported by other herbal ingredients such as rhizomes (ginger, curcuma, turmeric, and fingerroot). The method of extracting calcium from watermelon rind used the destruction method. After being extracted, the extraction and some mixed with the rhizomes were tested, such as calcium levels, XRF, XRD, and FTIR tests. The result of the study showed that all samples were confirmed to have calcium. High calcium content of 13.30 percent was found in the watermelon rind extract sample from watermelon fruit measuring 6 kg mixed with rhizomes. All samples' calcium level test results had a dominant value of 495 ppm.DOI: 10.17977/um024v8i12023p001
Training of Development of Inquiry-Based and Project-Based Chemistry Learning Design for Chemistry & Science Teachers
Authors: Sulistina Oktavia , Widarti Hayuni Retno , Habiddin Habiddin , Herunata Herunata , Yahmin Yahmin , Hasanah Samudra Mutiara , Zahirah Dhea Fairuza 
Published: July 2024

Abstrak – Nowadays, the demands of curriculum are increasing in achieving better standards of learning process. The low ability of chemistry and science teachers in developing inquiry-based and project-based learning designs is a problem that must be solved. The ability of teachers in making learning designs is one of the pedagogic competencies and professional competencies that teachers must master in their professional development. So there is a need for community service or training to teachers to facilitate this. The method of implementing this community service activity includes the presentation of material on inquiry-based and project-based chemistry learning design, discussion and question and answer, and assistance to teachers in developing the learning design, until teachers are able to make inquiry-based and project-based chemistry learning tools (including lesson plans, teaching materials, and assessment instruments). The result of the training activities was an increase in the knowledge and skills of chemistry and science teachers regarding making inquiry-based and project-based learning designs. Enthusiasm and curiosity in developing knowledge about learning design make this training activity useful for participants.Keywords: Learning Design; Inquiry; Project; Teacher; Training
ANALISIS KESULITAN SISWA DALAM MEMAHAMI SOAL CERITA MATEMATIKA KELAS V SD NEGERI 1 BENDUNGAN
Authors: Ramdhani Fitri Galuh , Purnomo Heru 
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kesulitan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal cerita pada mata pelajaran matematika di kelas V. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dengan subjek penelitian guru kelas V SD Negeri 1 Bendungan dan 17 siswa kelas V SD Negeri 1 Bendungan. Instrument penelitian yang digunakan adalah wawancara, dokumentasi, dan observasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya kesulitan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal cerita di SD Negeri 1 Bendungan. Kesulitan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal cerita diakibatkan oleh kurang lancarnya siswa dalam membaca sehingga mengalami kesulitan dalam memahami maksud soal cerita, kemampuan berhitung siswa terutama perkalian dan pembagian masih rendah, dan ketidaktelitian siswa dalam membaca soal cerita, ada beberapa upaya yang guru lakukan untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut diantaranya yaitu dengan melaksanakan Gerakan literasi sekolah, mencongak perkalian dan pembagian, dan dengan cara drill soal cerita matematika kepada siswa kelas V SD Negeri 1 Bendungan.
PEMBENTUKAN KARAKTER POSITIF KEPADA ANAK USIA DINI MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN SASTRA TRADISIONAL DI TAMAN BACA PERKAMPUNGAN PODOSUGIH.
Authors: SUHASTO FIRMAN PRIYO , Diana Raden Rachmy 
Published: July 2024

Sastra memiliki peran yang sangat penting dalam membentuk dan mengembangkan karakter pada setiap anak. Pembelajaran Sastra anak secara Tradisonal menuntun anak untuk mendapatkan proses pengalaman dalam bersastra. Kegiatan pembelajaran sastra anak secara tradisional merupakan salah satu upaya dalam membentuk karakter positif anak. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif yang menggambarkan keadaan objek penelitian pada kondisi terkini berdasarkan temuan fakta yang ada. Subyek penelitian adalah anak-anak usia dini di taman baca perkampungan podosugih. Pembelajaran berupa pembacaan kisah dalam cerita sastra anak tradisional oleh peneliti. Sebelum memulai kegiatan pembelajaran , anak-anak masih mencerminkan karakter yang kurang ramah. Akan tetapi sesudah pembelajaran selesai dilaksanakan dalam kurun waktu tujuh hari melalui penyampaian pesan pesan dan nilai nilai karakter serta melalui kegiatan bernyanyi bersama dengan menggunakan lagu yang mengandung nilai karakter untuk pembelajaran ada perubahan yang hampir sempurna pada diri anak selama peneliti mengamati dan mencatat setiap anak tanpa diketahui oleh si anak. Dari temuan ini peneliti menyimpulkan bahwa dari pembacaan kisah serta menyampaikan pesan moral yang di jadikan sebuah pelajaran kehidupan bagi anak hasilnya dapat memengaruhi perubahan bentuk karakter yang terjadi pada setiap diri anak yang tentunya juga ini bisa dijadikan sebagai pedoman dalam pembelajaran sekolah.
Pengaruh Religiusitas Orang Tua terhadap Perilaku Altruisme Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Widya Puteri Ika Apriati 
Published: July 2024

Altruism is a fairly abstract and complex concept to understand and explain to children. Early childhood tends to see things from their own perspective and selfishness, therefore, they requires training and examples to form altruistic behavior. One of the factors that influence altruism is religiosity. Religiosity is behavior which includes various dimensions that not only occur when individuals worship, but also when carrying out other activities that are driven by supernatural powers. Religious parents can be a model for children in cultivating altruistic behavior. When parents behave according to their religious teachings, which include altruistic behavior, then children will get role models and also practice to foster this altruistic behavior in everyday life. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of parental religiosity on altruistic behavior in early childhood. There 42 subjects in this research. The instrument used is the Child Altruism Inventory (CAI) to measure the tendency of children's altruistic behavior, as well as using The Centrality of Religious Scale (CRS) to measure parental religiosity. The results showed that there was no influence of parental religiosity on early childhood altruism (p=0.314). Altruisme merupakan konsep yang cukup abstrak dan cukup kompleks untuk dipahami dan dijelaskan pada anak. Anak usia dini cenderung melihat suatu hal dari sudut pandangnya sendiri dan mementingkan diri sendiri. Oleh karena itu, maka anak usia dini membutuhkan latihan dan teladan untuk membentuk perilaku altruisme. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi altruisme adalah religiusitas. Religiusitas adalah keberagamaan yang meliputi berbagai macam dimensi yang bukan hanya terjadi ketika individu beribadah, tetapi juga ketika melakukan aktivitas lain yang didorong oleh kekuatan supranatural. Orangtua yang religius dapat menjadi model bagi anak dalam menumbuhkan perilaku altruisme. Saat orangtua berperilaku sesuai dengan ajaran agamanya, yang didalamnya termasuk perilaku altruisme, maka anak akan mendapatkan teladan dan juga latihan untuk menumbuhkan perilaku altruisme tersebut dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh religiusitas orangtua terhadap perilaku altruisme anak usia dini. Subjek penelitian ini adalah 42 responden, yaitu orangtua yang memiliki anak berusia 4-6 tahun dan berada dalam status pernikahan. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah Child Altruisme Inventory (CAI) untuk mengukur kecenderungan perilaku altruisme anak, serta menggunakan The Centrality of Religious Scale (CRS) untuk mengukur religiusitas orang tua. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat pengaruh religiusitas orang tua terhadap perilaku altruisme anak usia dini (p=0,314).
Pengaruh Implementasi Pembelajaran Berdiferensiasi dalam Kurikulum Merdeka Di Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Maulidiawati Tasya , Darmawan Puguh 
Published: July 2024

Pembelajaran berdiferensiasi merupakan suatu teknik pembelajaran yang bertujuan untuk mengakomodasi kebutuhan berbagai peserta didik adalah pembelajaran yang dibedakan. Metode seperti penelitian kepustakaan atau studi literatur digunakan untuk menulis artikel ini. Tujuan dari tinjauan literatur adalah untuk mengumpulkan data dan informasi yang berkaitan dengan proyek penelitian dari publikasi ilmiah, buku, dan penulis. Untuk memberikan landasan yang kuat untuk menghasilkan temuan ilmiah, peneliti melakukan tinjauan literatur untuk mengumpulkan pengetahuan teoritis. Penggunaan istilah “Pembelajaran Diferensiasi” dalam pencarian di Google Cendekia dan website jurnal merupakan pendekatan online yang digunakan dalam makalah ini. Pembelajaran yang dibedakan, menurut penelitian konseptual, adalah jenis pengajaran yang memberikan peserta didik lebih banyak kelonggaran untuk menyesuaikan pengalaman belajar mereka dengan kekuatan, minat, dan kelemahan mereka sendiri di berbagai bidang seperti kesiapan, minat, dan profil. Jelas bahwa setiap individu mempunyai kemampuan terpendam yang berbanding lurus dengan tingkat pengalaman dan perkembangan mentalnya.
Kata kunci: pembelajaran berdiferensiasi, kurikulum Merdeka, sekolah dasar
The Effect of Implementing Differentiated Learning in the Merdeka Curriculum in Primary Schools
A learning technique that aims to accommodate the requirements of various pupils is differentiated learning. Methods such as library research or literature study were used to write this article. The purpose of a literature review is to compile data and information pertinent to a research project from scholarly publications, books, and writers. In order to provide a solid groundwork for generating scientific findings, researchers conduct this literature review to gather theoretical knowledge. Using the term "Differentiated Learning" in a search on Google Scholar and journal websites constituted the online approach employed in this paper. Differentiated learning, according to conceptual research, is a kind of instruction that allows students more leeway to tailor their learning experience to their own strengths, interests, and weaknesses in areas like preparedness, interest, and profile. It is clear that every individual has latent abilities that are directly proportional to their rate of experience and mental development.
Keywords: differentiated learning, Merdeka curriculum, elementary school
RBC histogram: Useful diagnostic tool in evaluating anaemia
Authors: Banga Vineet , Soota Aarushi 
Published: July 2024

: Anaemia is a widespread public health problem, more common in developing countries. Red blood cell histogram is a vital part for evaluation and diagnosis of anaemia. Histogram can be a useful modality for arriving at the probable diagnosis of anaemia reporting in short span of time.: To observe various RBC Histogram on haematology Analyser in anaemia and analyse the usefulness of RBC Histogram to correlate with peripheral smear.: A prospective study was done in Department of Pathology of Secondary Care hospital from January 2024 to March 2024 on 300 anaemia patients. RBC Histogram were observed, analysed and correlated with peripheral smear. Out of total 300 patients, Most common anaemia is Microcytic Hypochromic (60%), Normocytic normochromic (21.33%), Dimorphic anaemia (12.33%) and macrocytic anaemia (6%). 95.5% microcytic hypochromic anaemia showed left shifted curve, 84.3% Normocytic normochromic anaemia showed normal curve, 88% macrocytic anaemia showed right shift curve. Considering the speed, reliability and less inter observer variation of the modern haematological analysers RBC histogram are important diagnostic tool for various types of anaemia and provide accurate morphological typing of anaemia in most cases hence presumptive report can be released based on RBC histogram.