bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proinsulin in Healthy Pregnancy, Pregnancy with Gestational Diabetes and after Delivery
Authors: Genova M. P. , Todorova-Ananieva K. , Atanasova B. , Tzatchev K. 
Published: November 2014

Summary
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the levels of pro-insulin and pro-insulin/ insulin ratio (PIR) in pregnant with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), pregnant with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and women after delivery with GDM history. Normal pregnancy is characterized by progressive insulin resistance, which is physiologically compensated by an increase in insulin secretion. The higher secretion of the insulin precursor pro-insulin has been associated with β-cell dysfunction. A total of 102 pregnant women between 24-28 gestational weeks (53 GDM pregnant, 49 with NGT) and 22 postpartum with GDM history, as assessed by a 2h oral glucose tolerance test, were included in the study. Fasting plasma insulin and pro-insulin (PI) concentrations at the basal state were measured in all women. The ratio pro-insulin/insulin was calculated. BMI was significantly higher in GDM pregnant compared to NGT weight-matched group (30.56 ± 6.9 vs. 30.56 ± 6.9; p < 0, 011) and compared to the levels after delivery (30.56 ± 6.9vs. 27.9 ± 6, 27; p < 0, 001). Significant differences in the levels of PI between NGT and GDM pregnant (3.94 ± 2.78 vs. 7.59 ± 5.27; p = 0.006), between GDM and postpartum women (7.59 ± 5.27 vs. 4.46 ± 1.14; p = 0.022) were established. No signifi cant difference in the level of PIR between two pregnant groups was observed. Separately NGT and GDM showed signifi cant difference compared to young mothers (0.41 ± 0.14 vs. 0.148 ± 0.031, p < 0.02; 0.46 ± 0.16 vs. 0.148 ± 0.031, p = 0.009). Fasting insulin was statistically higher in GDM pregnant compare to NGT and women after delivery (13.84 ± 8.43 vs. 11.35 ± 7.38, p = 0.02; 13.84 ± 8.43 vs. 10.60 ± 7.53, p < 0.01). The correlation between PIR and BMI in the three groups studied were r = 0.416; r = 0,741; r = 0,556 (with statistical significance p = 0.01 between NGT and GDM pregnancy, p = 0.02 between GDM pregnancy and postpartum, p < 0.0001 between NGT pregnancy and young mother with GDM history). In our study, comparison of PI levels between pregnant with NGT and GDM demonstrated that the OR of developing GDM was 1.194 (95% CI, 1.028-1.329, P = 0.001). Increasing the value of PI with 10 pmol/l increases the risk for development of GDM with 19.4%. According to our results, pregnant with GDM have elevated levels of pro-insulin and PIR which could serve as a markers for this condition. These results support our findings about relationship and influence of BMI on β-cell functions, established in this study with normotolerant, gestational diabetes pregnant and women postpartum with GDM history. These results demonstrate that gestational diabetics have abnormalities in pancreatic beta-cell secretion, which are likely to be important both in the etiology of gestational diabetes and non-insulin dependent diabetes.
Hypertrophic Scars and Keloids – Contemporary Concepts and Treatment Options
Authors: Yordanov Y. P. , Shef A. 
Published: November 2014

Summary
Wound reparative process after surgery, burns, injuries, and inflammatory processes results in a spectrum of scar formation ranging from nearly scarless healing to excessive fibrosis or atrophy. Scarring is considered a major medical problem that leads to aesthetic and functional sequelae. Scar tissue is clinically distinguished from normal skin by an aberrant color, rough surface texture, increased thickness (hypertrophy), occurrence of contraction, and firmness. In the last decade, the concept of wound healing kinetics has been developed to describe the delicate balance of cell activity involved in scar formation and remodeling. Hypertrophic scars and keloids are formed as a result of the process of abnormal wound healing. Despite all that has been written on improving the appearance of these types of scars, there are no definitive management protocols. The aim of the present article is to make a brief review of the basic wound healing, while focusing on medicine’s latest understanding of the development and treatment of keloids and hypertrophic scars.
Toxoplasmosis and its Ocular Manifestations
Authors: Koev Kr. 
Published: November 2014

Summary
The present review provides general information about the parasitic infection of toxoplasmosis and describes the ways of its transmission. It outlines the importance of the consequences of toxoplasmosis infection and the methods of its prevention. The review traces the harmful effects of the disease on human and animal organisms, the causes and stages of development of the disease. The review specifically focuses on the ocular manifestations of toxoplasmosis which can cause ocular lesions, inflammation and scarring. Herein are described the ways toxoplasmosis can damage the eyes causing chorioretinitis, nystagmus, microphthalmia, etc. Furthermore, the review addresses the problem of how congenital and acquired toxoplasmosis affects eyes. The ocular symptoms of toxoplasmosis include weakened or blurred vision, eyeballs pain, ocular sensitivity to light, etc. The harmful effects of toxoplasmosis to pregnant women and immunocompromised patients have been delineated. Some of the disease manifestations include jaundice, rash, asphyxia, etc. The review traces the diagnostic work-up and comments on common tests for toxoplasmosis, such as taking of blood serum samples. The review ends with the treatment of the disease and of its ocular manifestations in particular, for example application of intravitreous injection. The prevention of the infection is extremely important for pregnant women, immunocompromised patients and patients with AIDS.
Hpv-Associated Penile Pigmented Lesion
Authors: Ananiev J. , Tchernev G. , Philipov S. , Guarneri C. , Zisova L. , Hristova R. , Betekhtin M. , Wollina U. 
Published: November 2014

Summary
HPV infection is involved in the etiology of a number of nonmalignant, premalignant and malignant cutaneous lesions. One of them is the so-called giant condyloma of Buschke-Löwenstein type (Buschke-Löwenstein tumor, BLT), which sometimes can imitate clinically other tumors or tumor-like conditions. Clinicians face a particular challenge in cases of BLT where, clinically, the lesions demonstrate a permanent brown hyperpigmentation in parallel with the dermatoscopic lack of the characteristic melanocytic network, globules or regression zones. There are uncommon clinical presentations with solitary, sharply demarcated pigmented lesions. In these cases the histopathological verification of the lesion is obligatory and the most efficient treatment method in the early period of the disease is the complete surgical excision. We report a case of a 74-year-old man who was admitted to the University Hospital “Lozenetz” in connection with profuse variceal bleeding of the esophagus associated with liver cirrhosis of unknown etiology. He underwent a consultative examination at the department of dermatology because of suspected advanced stage melanoma of the prepuce. Computed tomographic analysis indicated diffuse bone metastases located in the small pelvis and femur, as well as metastatic disease in the left inguinal lymph nodes. However, the subsequent histopathologic examination of the lesion, rather than showing melanoma, confirmed the presence of HPV-associated giant condyloma of Buschke and Löwenstein in initial stage, without histopathological evidence for invasive and destructive tumor growth. After his death, the patient’s relatives did not give consent for an autopsy, and therefore the genesis of the metastases, demonstrated by nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMR), remained unclear. In some cases, the clinical picture of the malignant and premalignant cutaneous lesions in the genital area could be problematic. The complete surgical excision with a subsequent histopathological verification is the best way to find out the exact diagnosis
The EU-Ukraine Association Agreement prior to the Vilnius Eastern Partnership Summit
Authors: Pastore Gunta 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
This paper seeks to explore how the EU policy on Ukraine evolved in the run-up to the Eastern Partnership Summit in Vilnius in November 2013. In particular, it looks into the preparations leading to the signature of the EU-Ukraine Association Agreement. Thereby it contributes to better understanding of the EU policy debate related to the associated negotiations with the Eastern Partnership countries.
Prior to the Vilnius Summit there were high expectations that signature of the EU-Ukraine Association Agreement would become a key deliverable of the summit. After the EU had postponed the signing of the agreement due to Ukraine’s backsliding in democracy for several times, the process gained new momentum in 2013. It is suggested that exogenous factors, such as Russia’s increasing pressure on Ukraine, contributed to consolidating the EU position.
However, at the last minute Ukraine suspended its signature of the agreement at the Vilnius Summit. While Ukraine’s domestic developments and Yanukovych’s deals with Russia can be blamed for this fiasco, the EU Member States take a large share of responsibility. Lack of creativity to find a way out of the deadlock, as well as lack of the political will on the part of EU leaders to fight for Ukraine explains why the Association Agreement turned out as a missed opportunity.
The European Union: Stability Despite Challenges
Authors: Bolle Michael , Fläschner Oliver 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The European Union has remained stable despite all its past and current challenges. This essay explores the reasons for that. We argue that the secret behind its stability lies in its system of negotiation. Against this backdrop, we analyse two recent challenges of the European Union. First, we show how domestically bound European governments were able to bring about a stable internationally negotiated solution for what became known as euro crisis. By means of game theory we boil down why the European Union remained stable even after havoc struck. Second, we analyze the dynamics behind the failed negotiations with Ukraine that have led to the current conflict. Thereby, the role of vested interest in negotiations for stability is emphasized. We prognosticate that due to the very same vested interests that led to the failure of the negotiations, Ukraine will remain united and return to stability in the mid-term. Finally, we conclude that, despite challenges like these, the European Union never experienced a crisis in terms of system theory since it never fell short to fulfil its purpose which is to allow for peaceful cooperative solutions.
Stability and Fractal Patterns of Complex Logistic Map
Authors: Prasad Bhagwati , Katiyar Kuldip 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The intent of this paper is to study the fractal patterns of one dimensional complex logistic map by finding the optimum values of the control parameter using Ishikawa iterative scheme. The logistic map is shown to have bounded and stable behaviour for larger values of the control parameter. This is well depicted via time series analysis and interesting fractal patterns as well are presented
A Prevention Model for Session Hijack Attacks in Wireless Networks Using Strong and Encrypted Session ID
Authors: Manivannan S. S. , Sathiyamoorthy E. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Most of the web applications are establishing the web session with the client. It is very important to protect the wireless networks against session hijacking attack. Session Hijack attack is easy to execute and difficult to detect. Wireless networks do not have specific boundary regions for the packets to be transferred. As the data packets are transferred in air, the chances of sniffing the network packets by the hackers or attackers are high by using the network sniffing tools. In this paper, we have proposed the Strong and Encrypted Session ID to prevent the session hijack attacks in web applications. Session ID is generated and the generated Session ID is encrypted, using a Secret Key Sharing algorithm and decrypted at the client side. We have tested the integrity of the session ID of length 32, 92 and 212 characters in a web application. Attacks are executed to capture the session ID of a web application. Our experimental results proved that 212 characters encrypted session ID completely prevents the session hijack attacks in web applications of wireless networks.
Non–Symmetric Finite Networks: The Two–Point Resistance
Authors: Čerňanová Viera , Brenkuŝ Juraj , Stopjaková Viera 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
An explicit formula for the resistance between two nodes in a network described by non-symmetric Laplacian matrix L is obtained. This is of great advantage eg in electronic circuit fault analysis, where non-linear systems have to be solved repeatedly. Analysis time can be greatly reduced by utilization of the obtained formula. The presented approach is based on the “mutual orthogonality” of the full system of left and right-hand eigenvectors of a diagonalizable matrix L. Simple examples are given to demonstrate the accuracy of this approach to circuit networks
Application of Acceleration Sensors in Physiological Experiments
Authors: Vavrinský Erik , Moskal'vá Daniela , Darříček Martin , Donoval Martin , Horínek František , Popovič Marían , Miklovič Peter 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
This paper illustrates a promising application of an accelerometer sensor in physiological research, we demonstrated use of accelerometers for monitoring the standard proband physical activity (PA) and also in special applications like respiration and mechanical heart activity, the so-called seismocardiography (SCG) monitoring, physiological activation monitoring and mechanomyography (MMG)
Electrical Properties of Recessed Algan/Gan Schottky Diodes Under off–State Stress
Authors: Florovič Martin , Kováč Jaroslav , Benko Peter , Chvála Aleš , Škriniarová Jaroslava , Kordó Peter 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Electrical properties of recessed and non-recessed AlGaN/GaN Schottky diodes under off-state stress were investigated. The samples were consecutively stressed by the stepped negative bias (−60 V). Before and after the stress I−V and C−V characteristics were evaluated to verify the device degradation process. Finally, the degradation mechanism and the influence of AlGaN recessed layer thickness on the electrical properties of the Schottky diodes were analysed. It was found that the short time stress influence on I−V characteristics was most negligible for the non-recessed sample. Shallow and deep recessed samples exhibited initial trap filling and reverse current decrease. Generally it was found that the stress voltage near 60 V caused recoverable device degradation
Compact Electro-Permeabilization System for Controlled Treatment of Biological Cells and Cell Medium Conductivity Change Measurement
Authors: Novickij Vitalij , Grainys Audrius , Novickij Jurij , Tolvaisiene Sonata , Markovskaja Svetlana 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Subjection of biological cells to high intensity pulsed electric field results in the permeabilization of the cell membrane. Measurement of the electrical conductivity change allows an analysis of the dynamics of the process, determination of the permeabilization thresholds, and ion efflux influence. In this work a compact electro-permeabilization system for controlled treatment of biological cells is presented. The system is capable of delivering 5 μs - 5 ms repetitive square wave electric field pulses with amplitude up to 1 kV. Evaluation of the cell medium conductivity change is implemented in the setup, allowing indirect measurement of the ion concentration changes occurring due to the cell membrane permeabilization. The simulation model using SPICE and the experimental data of the proposed system are presented in this work. Experimental data with biological cells is also overviewed
Comparison between 1D and 3D Approaches for Twin-Screw Extrusion Simulation
Authors: Durin A. , De Micheli P. , Nguyen H.-C. , David C. , Valette R. , Vergnes B. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
In this paper, numerical simulations of flows in a co-rotating intermeshing twin-screw extruder are performed using a previously presented 3D finite elements model. Some numerical improvements recently introduced are presented. The computations are performed for several processing conditions and screw arrangements. Values of specific energy, pressure and filled length are compared to the results issuing from the 1D Ludovic software in order to compare both approaches. The 3D simulation method is found to be more accurate to describe the effect of varying staggering angle and thickness of kneading discs. On the other hand, 1D model provides very satisfactory results for flows in screw elements.
The Influence of Moisture and Laminate Setup on the De-Consolidation Behavior of PA6/GF Thermoplastic Matrix Composites
Authors: Gröschel C. , Drummer D. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Thermoplastic matrix composites enable production in short cycle times suitable for high volume production of lightweight design parts. While heating fully consolidated semi-finished products (“organo-sheets”) internal stresses from their production emerge, thus causing voids. Such de-consolidation must be undone or obviated for void-free parts. In this article the influence of moisture and the laminate setup on the de-consolidation behavior of twill-weave PA6/GF laminates is investigated. The results show that moisture leads to a higher void content during de-consolidation. The laminate setup in terms of fiber-volume content preponderances the influence of moisture on the de-consolidation.
Comparative analysis of discrete exosome fractions obtained by differential centrifugation
Authors: Jeppesen Dennis K. , Hvam Michael L. , Primdahl‐Bengtson Bjarke , Boysen Anders T. , Whitehead Bradley , Dyrskjøt Lars , Ørntoft Torben F. , Howard Kenneth A. , Ostenfeld Marie S. 
Published: November 2014

BackgroundCells release a mixture of extracellular vesicles, amongst these exosomes, that differ in size, density and composition. The standard isolation method for exosomes is centrifugation of fluid samples, typically at 100,000×g or above. Knowledge of the effect of discrete ultracentrifugation speeds on the purification from different cell types, however, is limited.MethodsWe examined the effect of applying differential centrifugation g‐forces ranging from 33,000×g to 200,000×g on exosome yield and purity, using 2 unrelated human cell lines, embryonic kidney HEK293 cells and bladder carcinoma FL3 cells. The fractions were evaluated by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), total protein quantification and immunoblotting for CD81, TSG101, syntenin, VDAC1 and calreticulin.ResultsNTA revealed the lowest background particle count in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium media devoid of phenol red and cleared by 200,000×g overnight centrifugation. The centrifugation tube fill level impacted the sedimentation efficacy. Comparative analysis by NTA, protein quantification, and detection of exosomal and contamination markers identified differences in vesicle size, concentration and composition of the obtained fractions. In addition, HEK293 and FL3 vesicles displayed marked differences in sedimentation characteristics. Exosomes were pelleted already at 33,000×g, a g‐force which also removed most contaminating microsomes. Optimal vesicle‐to‐protein yield was obtained at 67,000×g for HEK293 cells but 100,000×g for FL3 cells. Relative expression of exosomal markers (TSG101, CD81, syntenin) suggested presence of exosome subpopulations with variable sedimentation characteristics.ConclusionsSpecific g‐force/k factor usage during differential centrifugation greatly influences the purity and yield of exosomes. The vesicle sedimentation profile differed between the 2 cell lines.
Animateur d'espaces de coworking, un nouveau métier ?
Authors: Pierre Xavier , Burret Antoine 
Published: November 2014

Les espaces de coworking, dont l’expansion justifie un examen approfondi, offrent de nouvelles modalités de soutien pour les entrepreneurs. Le cas de la Muse à Genève montre qu’au-delà de la colocation d’espace de bureau qui permet de sortir de l’isolement et offre un lieu de travail à bas coûts, le coworking « accompagne » les entrepreneurs par le biais d’une communauté de pairs, constituant un écosystème d’un genre nouveau pour les porteurs de projet.
Traité de bioéthique
Authors: Jaunait Alexandre 
Published: November 2014

Résumé	Distinguer éthique et morale relève d’un débat conceptuel propre à la philosophie morale et qui ne saurait être tranché d’un point de vue objectif, comme s’il existait une « essence » de chacun de ces termes. En revanche, on peut sans doute rapprocher la récurrence de ce débat de l’émergence relativement récente d’un « champ éthique » dont un des enjeux de constitution tient justement à la définition de l’éthique.	La déontologie peut s’appréhender en « prenant le droit au sérieux » et en soulignant en quoi les processus de codification déontologiques produisent de l’identité professionnelle et concourent à sa stabilisation. En ce sens, le rapport à la morale qu’on trouve dans les déontologies est une forme ordinaire d’ économie morale , l’ensemble des valeurs professionnelles étant justifié comme la condition de possibilité de la profession elle-même. En contrepoint, l’« éthique » qu’on retrouve par exemple du côté de la bioéthique n’est pas liée de manière centrale à une profession et à la définition de ses frontières. De fait, le rapport à la morale qu’on retrouve dans le « champ éthique » est un rapport plus classique de production morale, c’est-à-dire d’évaluation et de prescription, relatif à certaines pratiques dans des contextes incertains et peu stabilisés.
Traité de bioéthique
Authors: Simmenauer Benjamin 
Published: November 2014

Résumé	Nous essayons de dresser le panorama des définitions possibles et des problématiques suscitées par la notion philosophique de valeur morale. Cette analyse se présente plutôt comme un atlas des réponses à la question posée que comme une déduction conduisant au choix de la bonne réponse. L’analyse est d’abord menée sous l’angle de la signification du concept de valeur morale. Une seconde partie complète cette réflexion par une synthèse succincte du débat réalisme/antiréalisme (réponses à la question : les valeurs morales existent-elles vraiment ?). Enfin, à titre indicatif, nous formulons une réponse possible, en une phrase, à la question posée.
Traité de bioéthique
Authors: Constantinidès Yannis 
Published: November 2014

Résumé	Le principe d’autonomie est sans cesse invoqué, mais rarement remis en cause. Pourtant, sa signification est pour le moins ambiguë, hésitant entre autodétermination et simple capacité de consentir. L’éthique médicale emprunte certes ce principe à la philosophie kantienne, mais l’affadit et le dénature. Or, l’autonomie morale telle que la définit Kant peut difficilement servir de fondement à la relation thérapeutique. D’où la nécessité de dessiner les contours d’une éthique concrète, affranchie des écrasants présupposés kantiens et qui partirait de la réalité première de la dépendance, de la perte d’autonomie. Prenant pour point de départ la critique schopenhauerienne de la morale kantienne, il s’agit de montrer l’intérêt pour la médecine d’aujourd’hui d’une éthique de l’hétéronomie et de l’interdépendance telle que celle de Feuerbach.