bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
S'indigner à Athènes
Authors: Karakostaki Charitini 
Published: November 2014

Résumé L’article établit le récit du mouvement d’occupation de la place Syntagme à Athènes par les Indignés grecs au printemps 2011 suite aux annonces de différents plans d’austérité. Il décrit précisément les motivations des occupants, les différents publics qui se rassemblent sur la place, leur argumentation concernant le refus des différentes mesures économiques et la demande de démocratie directe. Différentes temporalités et espaces traversent le mouvement : des rassemblements massifs populaires à son épuisement au printemps 2012, en raison notamment d’un système politique peu favorable aux manifestants. L’article tire donc un bilan de cette action politique éphémère.
Démocratie liquide
Authors: Marcil Ianik 
Published: November 2014

Résumé Les soulèvements d’étudiants canadiens ne se contentent pas d’occuper les rues. Ils stimulent aussi l’émergence de modèles alternatifs de démocratie, comme la « démocratie liquide ». Celle-ci consiste à recourir régulièrement à des consultations populaires (sous forme de référendums, par exemple) sur des enjeux majeurs, avec la possibilité de transférer son vote à quelqu’un d’autre. De quoi raviver nos institutions sclérosées ?
Si vient l'hiver, le printemps peut-il être loin ?
Authors: Neyrat Frédéric 
Published: November 2014

Cet article présente le dossier « Politiques Romantiques » en définissant le romantisme comme une pensée risquée. Pour l’auteur, le romantisme est la figure avancée d’une aventure collective de l’intellect et des sens , le chargeur sensible et intellectuel d’un corps politique révolutionnaire.
Langage nu, vie nue
Authors: Guyer Sara 
Published: November 2014

Wordsworth est peut-être le penseur le plus radical de la poésie démocratique – une poésie bien au-delà de la fiction de la poésie comme World Wide Web . L’auteure soutient que le romantisme est un discours qui entretient la vie humaine dans le langage. Le romantisme survit en incluant dans l’humain une vie non-encore-humaine qui dépasse l’homme sans le renier.
Pénibles absences
Authors: Girard Mathilde 
Published: November 2014

Par quelles voies nous est-il possible d’accéder au romantisme ? La pensée contemporaine est marquée par plusieurs tendances qui voient s’opposer la nécessité d’un geste, d’une incitation imaginaire, et la prudence d’une interruption liée à l’histoire politique des fictionnements. Ces tensions héritent en partie de l’expérience surréaliste et de ses dissidences. En revenant sur la querelle entre Breton et Bataille autour de la poésie, ce texte propose de revenir là où la question romantique s’est heurtée à son impossibilité.
Liens d'attachement à l'adolescence, une inscription dans le temps et dans l'espace de la famille et de la société
Authors: Habets Isabelle 
Published: November 2014

Lorsque l’adolescent éprouve, grâce aux liens d’attachement secure issus de son enfance, un sentiment de sécurité, de confiance en soi et envers les autres, il est porté par le désir de découvrir le monde et il sait que sa vie n’a pas de prix et qu’elle vaut d’être vécue. Mais lorsque les liens d’attachement qu’il a tissés dans l’enfance sont insecure , quand le sentiment d’insécurité domine et s’accompagne d’un manque de confiance en soi et envers les autres, comment l’adolescent parvient-il à s’inscrire dans la vie et à investir le monde qui l’entoure ? Cet article envisage l’hypothèse du développement de conduites à risque comme une tentative de légitimer son existence et de trouver sa place tant dans la famille que dans la société.
The influence of salinity on tropical Atlantic instability waves
Authors: Lee Tong , Lagerloef Gary , Kao Hsun‐Ying , McPhaden Michael J. , Willis Joshua , Gierach Michelle M. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractSea surface salinity (SSS) data derived from the Aquarius/SAC‐D satellite mission are analyzed along with other satellite and in situ data to assess Aquarius' capability to detect tropical instability waves (TIWs) and eddies in the tropical Atlantic Ocean and to investigate the influence that SSS has on the variability. Aquarius data show that the magnitude of SSS anomalies associated with the Atlantic TIWs is ±0.25 practical salinity unit, which is weaker than those in the Pacific by 50%. In the central equatorial Atlantic, SSS contribution to the mean meridional density gradient is similar to sea surface temperature (SST) contribution. Consequently, SSS is important to TIW‐related surface density anomalies and perturbation potential energy (PPE). In this region, SSS influences surface PPE significantly through the direct effect and the indirect effect associated with SSS‐SST covariability. Ignoring SSS effects would underestimate TIW‐related PPE by approximately three times in the surface layer. SSS also regulates the seasonality of the TIWs. The boreal‐spring peak of the PPE due to SSS leads that due to SST by about one month. Therefore, SSS not only affects the spatial structure, but the seasonal variability of the TIWs in the equatorial Atlantic. In the northeast Atlantic near the Amazon outflow and the North Brazil Current retroflection region and in the southeast Atlantic near the Congo River outflow, SSS accounts for 80–90% of the contribution to mean meridional density gradient. Not accounting for SSS effect would underestimate surface PPE in these regions by a factor of 10 and 4, respectively.
Long‐lived mesoscale eddies in the eastern Mediterranean Sea: Analysis of 20 years of AVISO geostrophic velocities
Authors: Mkhinini Nadia , Coimbra Andre Louis Santi , Stegner Alexandre , Arsouze Thomas , Taupier‐Letage Isabelle , Béranger Karine 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWe analyzed 20 years of AVISO data set to detect and characterize long‐lived eddies, which stay coherent more than 6 months, in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. In order to process the coarse gridded (
) AVISO geostrophic velocity fields, we optimized a geometrical eddy detection algorithm. Our main contribution was to implement a new procedure based on the computation of the Local and Normalized Angular Momentum (LNAM) to identify the positions of the eddy centers and to follow their Lagrangian trajectories. We verify on two mesoscale anticyclones, sampled during the EGYPT campaign in 2006, that our methodology provides a correct estimation of the eddy centers and their characteristic radius corresponding to the maximal tangential velocity. Our analysis reveals the dominance of anticyclones among the long‐lived eddies. This cyclone‐anticyclone asymmetry appears to be much more pronounced in eastern Mediterranean Sea than in the global ocean. Then we focus our study on the formation areas of long‐lived eddies. We confirm that the generations of the Ierapetra and the Pelops anticyclones are recurrent and correlated to the Etesian wind forcing. We also provide some evidence that the smaller cyclonic eddies formed at the southwest of Crete may also be induced by the same wind forcing. On the other hand, the generation of long‐lived eddies along the Libyo‐Egyptian coast are not correlated to the local wind‐stress curl but surprisingly, their initial formation points follow the Herodotus Trough bathymetry. Moreover, we identify a new formation area, not discussed before, along the curved shelf off Benghazi.
Intraseasonal variability of the subthermocline current east of Mindanao
Authors: Wang Qingye , Zhai Fangguo , Wang Fujun , Hu Dunxin 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe intraseasonal variability (ISV) of the subthermocline current east of Mindanao was characterized and shown to be caused by the activity of subthermocline eddies using mooring observations at 8°N, 127.03°E and a high‐resolution numerical model. The ISV of the observed current east of Mindanao is vertically coherent in the upper 940 m but is significantly intensified below the thermocline. The ISV amplitude (8 cm s−1) of zonal subthermocline current is comparable with that (11 cm s−1) of the meridional current, revealing the nature of active eddies. The ISV of the subthermocline current was caused by the subthermocline eddies from three different pathways. The subthermocline eddies propagating along approximately 10°N–11°N contributed more to the ISV of the subthermocline current east of Mindanao than did those eddies propagating westward along 8°N or northwestward from the New Guinea coast. Subthermocline eddies mainly exist south of the bifurcation latitude of the North Equatorial Current in the western tropical Pacific, and their generation and propagation mechanisms are briefly discussed.
Subsecond pore‐scale displacement processes and relaxation dynamics in multiphase flow
Authors: Armstrong Ryan T. , Ott Holger , Georgiadis Apostolos , Rücker Maja , Schwing Alex , Berg Steffen 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWith recent advances at X‐ray microcomputed tomography (μCT) synchrotron beam lines, it is now possible to study pore‐scale flow in porous rock under dynamic flow conditions. The collection of four‐dimensional data allows for the direct 3‐D visualization of fluid‐fluid displacement in porous rock as a function of time. However, even state‐of‐the‐art fast‐μCT scans require between one and a few seconds to complete and the much faster fluid movement occurring during that time interval is manifested as imaging artifacts in the reconstructed 3‐D volume. We present an approach to analyze the 2‐D radiograph data collected during fast‐μCT to study the pore‐scale displacement dynamics on the time scale of 40 ms which is near the intrinsic time scale of individual Haines jumps. We present a methodology to identify the time intervals at which pore‐scale displacement events in the observed field of view occur and hence, how reconstruction intervals can be chosen to avoid fluid‐movement‐induced reconstruction artifacts. We further quantify the size, order, frequency, and location of fluid‐fluid displacement at the millisecond time scale. We observe that after a displacement event, the pore‐scale fluid distribution relaxes to (quasi‐) equilibrium in cascades of pore‐scale fluid rearrangements with an average relaxation time for the whole cascade between 0.5 and 2.0 s. These findings help to identify the flow regimes and intrinsic time and length scales relevant to fractional flow. While the focus of the work is in the context of multiphase flow, the approach could be applied to many different μCT applications where morphological changes occur at a time scale less than that required for collecting a μCT scan.
Modeling and mitigating natural hazards: Stationarity is immortal!
Authors: Montanari Alberto , Koutsoyiannis Demetris 
Published: November 2014

AbstractEnvironmental change is a reason of relevant concern as it is occurring at an unprecedented pace and might increase natural hazards. Moreover, it is deemed to imply a reduced representativity of past experience and data on extreme hydroclimatic events. The latter concern has been epitomized by the statement that “stationarity is dead.” Setting up policies for mitigating natural hazards, including those triggered by floods and droughts, is an urgent priority in many countries, which implies practical activities of management, engineering design, and construction. These latter necessarily need to be properly informed, and therefore, the research question on the value of past data is extremely important. We herein argue that there are mechanisms in hydrological systems that are time invariant, which may need to be interpreted through data inference. In particular, hydrological predictions are based on assumptions which should include stationarity. In fact, any hydrological model, including deterministic and nonstationary approaches, is affected by uncertainty and therefore should include a random component that is stationary. Given that an unnecessary resort to nonstationarity may imply a reduction of predictive capabilities, a pragmatic approach, based on the exploitation of past experience and data is a necessary prerequisite for setting up mitigation policies for environmental risk.
The daily mean zero‐flux plane during soil‐controlled evaporation: A Green's function approach
Authors: Brutsaert Wilfried 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA solution is presented of the linearized Richards equation with inclusion of gravity and with appropriate boundary conditions describing the combined soil‐controlled surface evaporation and the downward infiltration, following the application of a given amount of precipitation or irrigation. This solution is shown to agree with available field measurements, namely the evolution with time of the zero‐flux plane depth and of the rate of soil‐controlled evaporation from the bare soil surface. The problem is solved by means of the Green's function method; the result is general enough to be also applicable to flow problems in linear soils with boundary conditions substantially different from the ones considered herein.
Stufenweise halogenidgesteuerte Doppel‐ und Dreifach‐Catenierung von selbstorganisierten Koordinationskäfigen
Authors: Zhu Rongmei , Lübben Jens , Dittrich Birger , Clever Guido H. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractEin einfacher selbstorganisierter [Pd2L4]‐Koordinationskäfig bestehend aus vier Carbazol‐basierten Liganden dimerisiert nach Zugabe von 1.5 Äquivalenten eines Halogenidions (X=Cl−, Br−) zu einem verflochtenen Doppelkäfig [3 X@Pd4L8]. Die Halogenidionen agieren als Template, eingelagert in den drei Taschen der verschlungenen Käfigstruktur und umgeben von vier PdII Kationen. Zugabe höherer Mengen desselben Halogenidions bewirkt eine weitere strukturelle Umwandlung, die in einer dreifach verschlungenen Verbindung resultiert. Letztere enthält trans‐koordinierte PdII‐Zentren, die von zwei Pyridin‐Donor‐ und zwei Halogenidliganden umgeben sind. Dieses einfache System zeigt eindrucksvoll, wie molekulare Komplexität aus der graduellen Änderung der relativen Konzentrationen einer geringen Zahl an Reaktionspartnern erwachsen kann, insbesondere, wenn diese unterschiedliche strukturelle Rollen einnehmen können.
Die katalytische asymmetrische Abramov‐Reaktion
Authors: Guin Joyram , Wang Qinggang , van Gemmeren Manuel , List Benjamin 
Published: November 2014

AbstractDie erste katalytische enantioselektive Abramov‐Reaktion wird beschrieben. Der Prozess beruht auf der Verwendung chiraler Disulfonimide, welche die mit metallbasierten Katalysatoren verbundenen Schwierigkeiten umgehen. Diverse funktionalisierte α‐Hydroxyphosphonate wurden mit guten Ausbeuten und ausgezeichneten Enantiomerenverhältnissen von bis zu >99:1 synthetisiert. Der Prozess ist skalierbar, und bis zu 1 g Substrat konnte unter milden Bedingungen eingesetzt werden.
Spherical Nucleic Acid Nanoparticle Conjugates Enhance G‐Quadruplex Formation and Increase Serum Protein Interactions
Authors: Chinen Alyssa B. , Guan Chenxia M. , Mirkin Chad A. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractTo understand the effect of three‐dimensional oligonucleotide structure on protein corona formation, we studied the identity and quantity of human serum proteins that bind to spherical nucleic acid (SNA) nanoparticle conjugates. SNAs exhibit cellular uptake properties that are remarkably different from those of linear nucleic acids, which have been related to their interaction with certain classes of proteins. Through a proteomic analysis, this work shows that the protein binding properties of SNAs are sequence‐specific and supports the conclusion that the oligonucleotide tertiary structure can significantly alter the chemical composition of the SNA protein corona. This knowledge will impact our understanding of how nucleic acid‐based nanostructures, and SNAs in particular, function in complex biological milieu.
Decomposition mechanisms of cured epoxy resins in near‐critical water
Authors: Gong Xianyun , Liu Yuyan , Wu Songquan , Ding Daowei , Wei Huige , Guo Zhanhu 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTA reaction mechanism based on the near‐critical water homolysis of bonds in the cured epoxy followed by the saturation of the resulting radicals by hydrogen abstraction from the donor was discussed. The compounds evolved during degradation were identified by gas chromatography and mass spectrometer. The materials prepared possess the characteristics of thermosets, due to the presence of ether groups in the polymer chains, which were broken at the beginning of degradation. The degradability increased when the reaction time and reaction temperature increased. Based on the experimental results, a probable macroscopic mechanism was proposed. The near‐critical water degradation mechanisms of polymers consist of three categories: random scission, unzipping, and side group elimination, which simultaneously occurs in the reactor. The first random scission of links caused a molecular weight reduction of the raw polymer, the second side‐group elimination caused the generation of the volatile product, and the last unzipping produced either fragmentation to smaller oligomeric units or unzipping all the way to monomers. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41648.
Innovation in communications about marine protection
Authors: Day Andrew , Laffoley Dan , Davis John , Jeffrey Andy , Musard Olivier , Vick Charlotte 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTMost of the people working in the field of marine protection share a common goal: that decision‐makers, stakeholders, and the public should see marine protection as a priority and dedicate a portion of their attention and resources to it, making decisions and taking actions that reflect the value of marine protection to ecological and human well‐being.If this goal is to be achieved, the field of marine protection needs to embrace the field of communication in a more concerted manner.This paper outlines some of the latest trends, principles and issues relevant to communication in marine protection and illustrates these with a range of examples. Some of the key themes emerging from this review are discussed.A number of strategies for strengthening the role of communications are discussed, including means for those involved in marine protection communications to connect with each other, increased testing and sharing of examples, the use of grounded theory methods to continuously define lessons and principles, and ways to increase coordination between marine protection organizations.It is the intention that this paper will mark the beginning of a stronger cross‐disciplinary field of study, and that such a field will in turn advance marine protection locally and globally.Readers can contribute to this goal and emerging field by connecting with each other around strategies, ideas and examples. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
When is a marine protected area network ecologically coherent? A case study from the North‐east Atlantic
Authors: Johnson David , Ardron Jeff , Billett David , Hooper Tom , Mullier Tom , Chaniotis Peter , Ponge Benjamin , Corcoran Emily 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTCreating representative networks of marine protected areas (MPAs) as part of an ecosystem‐based management approach is generally advocated to protect the full spectrum of marine ecosystems and vulnerable species. Core objectives for designing MPA networks incorporate issues of scale, size and spacing. Ascertaining when such objectives have been met, and thus when a network can be judged to be ecologically coherent, presents an ongoing challenge. This paper presents a broad‐scale approach to assess the degree of ecological coherence within one such network.In 2013 an independent ecological coherence assessment was requested by OSPAR, the Regional Seas Convention for the North‐east Atlantic, of the ecological coherence of its regional MPA network. As is often the case in the marine environment, the data were not sufficiently comprehensive or spatially inclusive to allow for a thorough assessment for the entire region. Consequently two levels of testing were applied: (1) basic tests applied to the whole OSPAR maritime area; and (2) a more sophisticated second level of tests directed at specific OSPAR regions and subregions for which more complete datasets were available. The former considered major gaps based on basic distribution thresholds and representativity (both biogeographic and bathymetric). The latter focused on broad‐scale habitat presence to determine replication, adequacy and connectivity.On the basis of these tests it was concluded that while the OSPAR MPA network as a whole is not ecologically coherent, nonetheless significant progress towards global targets, such as protection of 10% of marine and coastal environments under the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) has been made. Gaps in the distribution of MPAs were identified, particularly under‐representation of certain biogeographic provinces and bathymetric zones of depths greater than 75 m including bathyal (200–3000 m) and abyssal (3000–6000 m) depths.To address such gaps, a cooperative region by region approach will be required by the OSPAR Parties to identify where positioning new MPAs can enhance ecological coherence.A limitation of the 2013 assessment was that it did not consider which MPAs are designated and managed for the protection of specific features; rather, it assumed that all features that fall within an MPA are protected. With a redevelopment of the OSPAR MPA database underway it is hoped that reporting of such details by Parties will improve, allowing for more specificity in future analyses. However, as the first such assessment of its kind our two‐level approach serves as a case study of a pragmatic example of how assessments of ecologically coherent networks might be undertaken using GIS to contribute to systematic conservation planning. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Marine World Heritage: creating a globally more balanced and representative list
Authors: Abdulla Ameer , Obura David , Bertzky Bastian , Shi Yichuan 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTThe World Heritage Convention provides the potential for a comprehensive policy framework that allows for identification, management, governance, and protection of the world ́s most outstanding natural marine areas.Benefits of World Heritage (WH) listing include increased international attention and technical cooperation, governmental support and improvements to management, and enhanced funding opportunities.There are currently only 46 (of 981 or 4.7%) World Heritage Sites (WHS) that have been inscribed for their outstanding marine values, and these marine WHS (mWHS) represent predominantly tropical as opposed to temperate and polar ecosystems.Forty‐seven (76%) of the world's 62 nearshore biogeographic provinces do not contain any mWHS or contain a low (&#60;1%) coverage that is unlikely to capture the full range of values and features present in these provinces. A large proportion of the world's offshore provinces, representing 40% of the global ocean, do not contain any mWHS.To fulfill the World Heritage Committee's Global Strategy for a Representative, Balanced and Credible World Heritage List, States are encouraged to increase efforts to identify and nominate marine sites of potential Outstanding Universal Value (OUV), especially in biogeographic regions that are not yet represented, or underrepresented, on the WH List.However, as the criteria and guidance for the Convention are based primarily on terrestrial systems, further guidance on using them in the marine context is provided here. It is proposed that physical oceanographic features be considered under criterion (viii) ‘geology and oceanography’, while biological oceanographic features be considered under criterion (ix) ‘ecological and biological processes’. Use of criteria (vii) ‘superlative phenomena’ and (x) ‘species’ can follow current guidance for terrestrial systems.Potential approaches that can help address gaps in biogeographic representation of marine WHS and create a more balanced and representative marine World Heritage List are outlined here. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.