bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser with other in house refurbishing methods for reconditioning stainless steel and ceramic brackets. An environmental scanning electron microscope and shear bond strength analysis: An in-vitro study
Authors: Devjee Nimay , Deshmukh Sonali V. , Jethe Sandeep , Naik Charudatta R. 
Published: August 2015

Introduction
Brackets can be recycled by sending them to a commercial recycling company but it is time consuming and the bracket cannot be bonded in the same appointment. Hence in-house methods for recycling of brackets would be beneficial to both the orthodontist and the patient.

Aim
In our study, we compared the shear bond strength of brackets after being recycled with erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (ER:YAG) laser, sandblasting and the thermal method.

Materials and Methods
The study was carried out on 126 extracted premolars. The bonding procedure was performed with mandibular premolar metal and premolar ceramic brackets. Eighty-four teeth were subdivided into three groups for each method of recycling. These groups were further subdivided into two groups of 14 teeth each for the types of brackets used. Prior to the initial bonding the bracket was also viewed under an environmental scanning electron microscope to examine the meshwork of the brackets and once again after the respective recycling methods had been performed.

Results
We found that for stainless steel brackets, the sandblasting method was superior to the ER:YAG laser, as the recycled brackets showed a higher shear bond strength. For ceramic brackets the ER:YAG laser recycled group had the highest recycled shear bond strength therefore was the best method of recycling ceramic brackets.
Ampliación en la Distribución de Cinco Especies de Murciélagos en Honduras Basada en Detección por Medios Acústicos
Authors: Espinal Mario , Mora José Manuel 
Published: August 2015

En Honduras, el estudio de los murciélagos ha aumentado, incluido el uso de detectores acústicos. El aporte de los equipos acústicos para la detección de los ultrasonidos de los murciélagos ha sido significativo para incrementar nuestro conocimiento sobre estos mamíferos. Muestreamos la comunidad de murciélagos del municipio de San Marcos de Colón en el sur de Honduras, departamento de Choluteca. Durante cuatro visitas de una semana al sitio trabajamos con el equipo de detección acústica “ANABAT SD2 CF Bat Detector” y logramos la identificación de 24 especies de murciélagos insectívoros. De estos, cinco especies no eran conocidas para el sitio de estudio por lo que su detección representa una ampliación de su ámbito de distribución. Las especies aquí reportadas son Myotis keaysi, Perimyotis subflavus, Lasiurus cinereus (Vespertilionidae), Cynomops mexicanus y Eumops underwoodi (Molossidae).Ceiba, 2012. Volumen 53(1):30-37
Clinical Outcomes of Right-Lobe Split-Liver versus Orthotopic Liver Transplants from Donors More than 70 Years Old
Authors: Memeo Riccardo , de'Angelis Nicola , Salloum Chady , Compagnon Philipe , Laurent Alexis , Feray Cyrille , Duvoux Cristoph , Azoulay Daniel 
Published: August 2015

Context— The imbalance between the organ supply and the number of potential transplant recipients led to consideration of expanded-criteria liver donors. Objective— To compare right-lobe split-liver transplants (RL-SLTs) with orthotopic liver transplants (OLTs) from donors more than 70 years old (OLT-O) and OLTs from donors less than 55 years old (OLT-Y). Methods— Seventy-one patients who received an RL-SLT were matched for age, sex, and Model for End-stage Liver Disease score with 71 patients who underwent OLT-O and 142 patients who underwent OLT-Y. Clinical outcomes were compared between groups. Results— Longer operation time was associated with RL-SLT ( P < .001) as well as more blood loss ( P = .03) and transfusions ( P = .05). Postoperative morbidity was less in the OLT-Y group, with a lower rate of grades III to IV Clavien-Dindo complication (30%), compared with values in OLT-O (52%) and RL-SLT (38%). Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated better 1-year and 3-year survival rates in the OLT-Y group (97% and 92%, respectively), compared with 92% and 86.3%, respectively, in the RL-SLT group; and 84.5% and 73%, respectively, in the OLT-O group ( P = .03). Kaplan-Meier analysis also demonstrated differences between the groups in terms of 1-year and 3-year graft survival rates, which were 92% and 86%, respectively, in OLT-Y; 77% and 66%, respectively, in the OLT-O, and 84.2% and 76.6%, respectively, in the RL-SLT group ( P = .01). Conclusion— Even if OLT-Y guarantees better patient and graft survival, both RL-SLT and OLT-O can be used safely to expand the pool of liver donors, showing acceptable clinical results and complications rates.
La pertinence de l’étude des formations interculturelles dans l’approfondissement des enjeux de la diversité ethnoculturelle dans les établissements scolaires
Authors: Grégoire-Labrecque Geneviève 
Published: August 2015

La diversité ethnoculturelle dans les établissements scolaires a été beaucoup étudiée dans les dernières décennies au Québec. Pourtant, l’ethnographie des formations interculturelles du MELS destinées aux enseignants, aux professionnels non enseignants ainsi qu’aux directions scolaires dévoile un pan des enjeux de la diversité ethnoculturelle non exploité jusqu’à maintenant : l’espace de négociation entre les intervenants scolaires et les formateurs-chercheurs. D’une part, nous survolerons les différents choix méthodologiques ayant permis d’analyser la rencontre entre les formateurs-chercheurs et les intervenants scolaires venus s’informer davantage. L’observation participante des formations interculturelles a notamment permis de comparer les attentes et les réactions des intervenants scolaires avec les stratégies mises de l’avant par les formateurs. D’autre part, nous évoquerons les enjeux de la diversité ethnoculturelle dans les établissements scolaires du Québec, tels que l’impact du discours sur l’interculturel des intervenants scolaires, l’éthique professionnelle des enseignants et la complexité de la réflexion amorcée par ces derniers en formation interculturelle.
Recueillir l’expérience d’enfants : de la théorisation enracinée à l’innovation méthodologique. Violence, harcèlement et empathie du point de vue d’élèves de 9 à 12 ans
Authors: Kerivel Aude 
Published: August 2015

Recueillir les expériences de violence et de harcèlement à l’école d’enfants (âgés de 9 à 12 ans) et regarder la manière dont la compétence à l’empathie impacte ces situations, tels sont les objectifs de cette enquête. Nous proposons dans cet article d’expliciter la face cachée du processus de recherche évaluative, à savoir notre cheminement. La théorisation enracinée nous a menée à l’innovation méthodologique pour approcher au mieux ce phénomène et cette population particulière. Le va-et-vient entre terrain et théorie, et la construction d’un questionnaire ludique visant à « faire parler le terrain », en évitant de manière optimale d’imposer nos préconceptions, nous a conduite à une réflexion sur le recueil de données en sociologie.
Du tâtonnement ethnographique au discernement de sens : enquêtes participatives en boucherie et dans la zone d’attente des mineurs isolés étrangers
Authors: Perrot Adeline , Zinn Isabelle V. 
Published: August 2015

Partant d’univers de recherche a priori éloignés – la boucherie et la zone d’attente des mineurs isolés étrangers – cet article repose sur une affirmation commune : pour rendre compte des catégories mobilisées par les enquêtés, il faut se mettre en situation de les percevoir. En ce qu’elle rend observable et descriptible le recours à des catégories in situ, l’ethnographie est apparue comme un moyen d’accéder à ce qui est constitutif des expériences de travail. L’enrôlement dans les actions en cours s’est réalisé selon des conditions d’entrée et des modalités distinctes : stagiaire volontaire et experte involontaire. En examinant les configurations d’enquête, l’article montre comment la modulation de la présence participative peut induire le déplacement de la problématique de recherche.
A National Library for the 21st century – knowledge and cultural heritage online
Authors: Jøsevold Roger 
Published: August 2015

Since 2004, the National Library of Norway has worked systematically to develop a digital National Library. The core of this activity has been to digitize the whole collection and to seek ways to disseminate the digital content to the biggest possible audience. Being a true multimedia library, the collection holds published material in a wide spectrum of media: from traditional printed material to radio, TV, audio, film and music. The library also harvests the Norwegian internet domain ‘.no’. Today the digital library contains 2.8 million digital objects, which adds up to 4000 TB of unique digital content. By use of extended collective licensing everyone with a Norwegian IP address can freely access and read all books published in Norway up to 2001. In addition, through agreements with the major Norwegian newspapers, all Norwegian libraries can offer access to complete digital historical newspaper collections. The most important matter to make this happen has been a strategic partnership and cooperation with rights holders and publishers. This partnership has built trust and confidence and has resulted in a cooperation where knowledge and costs are shared. The National Library of Norway offers digital library services that provide online access to full-text versions of all books published in Norway up until the year 2001, access to digital newspaper collections from the major national and regional newspapers in all libraries in the country, and opportunities for everyone with internet access to search and listen to more than 40,000 radio programmes recorded between 1933 and the present day. The foundation for this development was laid in 2004 when the National Library adopted a digitization strategy for the creation of a National Library for the 21st century. This was later followed up by the decision in principle in 2006 to digitize the entire collection.
Contrast‐Enhanced Sonography for Diagnosing Collateral Transformation of the Hepatic Artery After Liver Transplantation
Authors: Lyu Su-Qin , Ren Jie , Zheng Rong-Qin , Meng Xiao-Chun , Huang Ming-Sheng , Wang Ping 
Published: August 2015

ObjectivesTo determine the contrast‐enhanced sonographic features of hepatic artery collateral transformation in patients with hepatic artery complications after liver transplantation.MethodsNinety‐nine liver transplant recipients who underwent contrast‐enhanced sonography were recruited from April 2004 to May 2014. The reference standards were conventional angiography and computed tomographic angiography. The contrast‐enhanced sonographic features of the hepatic artery in patients with and without collateral arteries were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsAll 15 patients with hepatic artery collateral transformation had hepatic artery thrombosis (10 of 15) or hepatic artery stenosis (5 of 15). The collateral artery detection rate on contrast‐enhanced sonography was 100%. The peripheral hepatic artery could not be visualized by contrast‐enhanced sonography in most of the patients with hepatic artery collateral transformation (14 of 15). Additionally, many small tortuous collateral arteries in the porta hepatis region were visualized during the arterial and early portal phases, showing reticulated/patchy (15 of 15) and striped (3 of 15) enhancement patterns on contrast‐enhanced sonography.ConclusionsCollateral transformation of the hepatic artery in patients with hepatic artery complications after liver transplantation appears to have characteristic features on contrast‐enhanced sonography, especially a reticulated or patchy enhancement pattern in the porta hepatis region during the arterial and early portal phases combined with the absence of the peripheral hepatic artery. Contrast‐enhanced sonography may be a novel method for diagnosing hepatic artery collateral transformation, which may be a highly specific sign of hepatic artery thrombosis or stenosis.
Evaluation of Tongue Cancer Using High‐Resolution Sonography
Authors: Dhoot Nilu Malpani , Hazarika Suman , Choudhury Binoy , Kataki Amal C. , Baruah Ranjan , Goswami Hridaynanda 
Published: August 2015

ObjectivesTo evaluate the role of sonography in assessing tongue cancer compared with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).MethodsA randomized prospective study was performed on 40 cases of tongue cancer. Magnetic resonance imaging and sonography of the tongue were performed, tumor spreading to particular sites was recorded in all cases. Sonographic and MRI findings were correlated with histopathologic findings in 18 operable cases. In 22 inoperable cases, sonography was compared only with MRI.ResultsIn operable patients, sonography achieved sensitivity of 61.1%, whereas MRI achieved sensitivity of 94.4%. The difference was statistically significant (P < .05). The results for detection of individual site involvement on sonography and MRI were as follows: intrinsic muscles only, 0 and 6, respectively; tongue base, 5 and 5; genioglossus muscle, 34 and 34; mylohyoid muscle, 9 and 8; sublingual space, 12 and 14; sublingual neurovascular bundle, 12 and 12; submandibular gland, 3 and 3; spread across the lingual septum, 17 and 17; and alveolar involvement, 0 and 1. There was no significant difference (P> .05) between sonography and MRI in detecting involvement of the above‐mentioned sites except for cases with only intrinsic muscles and alveolar involvement. Tumors involving intrinsic tongue muscles only were not visualized on sonography. They all underwent surgery, resulting in reduced sensitivity of sonography in operable cases.ConclusionsEven though small tumors were difficult to visualize, sonography can play an important role in assessment of tumor extension in large growths, especially when MRI is unavailable, contraindicated, or unaffordable, and for posttreatment follow‐up.
Examination of Subcutaneous Tissue Thickness in the Thigh Site for Intramuscular Injection in Obese Individuals
Authors: Zaybak Ayten , İsmailoğlu Elif Günay , İsmailoğlu Eren 
Published: August 2015

ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to investigate the thickness of subcutaneous (SC) tissue in the dorsogluteal and thigh sites in obese adults and its suitability for intramuscular injection using a standard‐length needle.MethodsThe sample for this prospective study consisted of 54 obese adults who presented to the ultrasound unit of the radiology clinic of a university hospital in the province of İzmir, Turkey, between June 2012 and August 2013. The study received Institutional Review Board approval, and informed written consent was obtained from all participants. The thickness of the SC tissue in the dorsogluteal and thigh sites was measured by sonography. The sonographic measurements were performed by a radiology specialist.ResultsThe mean thicknesses of the SC tissue were 61.70 ± 15.73 mm in the dorsogluteal site, 27.05 ± 8.52 mm in the rectus femoris site, and 23.23 ± 8.44 mm in vastus lateralis site. The SC tissue was thicker in the dorsogluteal than the thigh site (P < .001).ConclusionsA standard needle used in intramuscular injections to the thigh site would be effective in reaching the muscle in the rectus femoris and vastus lateralis sites in all men and in 77.8% of women, although it is not usually adequate for gluteal injection.
Assessment of Substantial Liver Fibrosis by Real‐time Shear Wave Elastography in Methotrexate‐Treated Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Kim Tae Yeob , Kim Ji Yeoun , Sohn Joo Hyun , Lee Hye-Soon , Bang So-Young , Kim Yongsoo , Kim Min Yeong , Jeong Woo Kyoung 
Published: August 2015

ObjectivesA concern about methotrexate (MTX)‐related liver fibrosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is still unresolved. This study investigated the correlation between liver stiffness and the cumulative MTX dose and the risk factors associated with substantial liver fibrosis assessed by real‐time shear wave elastography (SWE), a recently introduced technique to evaluate liver stiffness in patients with RA.MethodsData from 185 patients with RA were prospectively collected. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to cumulative MTX dose (group 1, total dose <1500 mg; group 2, 1500–4000 mg, and group 3, >4000 mg) and compared with healthy control participants. A Pearson correlation analysis was performed to evaluate correlations between liver stiffness and other clinical and laboratory variables. Substantial liver fibrosis was defined as liver stiffness of greater than 8.6 kPa by SWE. Associated factors were tested in a multivariate logistic analysis.ResultsThe mean liver stiffness value in healthy controls was significantly lower than in patients with RA treated with MTX (P< .006), but there was no significant difference among the MTX groups. Liver stiffness and the cumulative MTX dose was not correlated. Substantial liver fibrosis was detected only in 9 patients (4.9%). Multivariate analysis adjusted by age and sex revealed that only a high body mass index (odds ratio, 1.79; 95% confidence interval, 1.34–2.39; P < .001) was associated with liver stiffness of greater than 8.6 kPa.ConclusionsSubstantial liver fibrosis on SWE was observed in about 5% of MTX‐treated patients with RA and was associated with only a high body mass index but not with the cumulative MTX dose, suggesting that other comorbidities might have a more important role in liver fibrosis.
Maximum Peak Systolic Velocity and Management of Highly Vascularized Retained Products of Conception
Authors: Van den Bosch Thierry , Van Schoubroeck Dominique , Timmerman Dirk 
Published: August 2015

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to evaluate blood loss and procedure‐related complications during and after surgical removal of retained products of conception with high‐velocity enhanced myometrial vascularity.MethodsWe conducted a prospective study of 18 consecutive women with a diagnosis of retained products of conception and enhanced myometrial vascularity, with a peak systolic velocity (PSV) higher than 60 cm/s. All underwent ultrasound‐guided surgical removal of the retained products under general anesthesia. Blood loss during the procedure was collected and recorded. The removed tissue was sent for histologic examination. An ultrasound examination was repeated within 24 hours.ResultsFive patients had retained products of conception after a term delivery, 1 after a second‐trimester termination of pregnancy, 7 after a spontaneous first‐trimester miscarriage, and 5 after a first‐trimester termination elsewhere. The PSV in the area of enhanced myometrial vascularity at diagnosis ranged from 61.0 to 152.6 cm/s (mean, 104.9 cm/s). The estimated blood loss at surgery ranged from 20 to 1000 mL (mean, 200 mL). After surgery, the PSV in the myometrium dropped dramatically (≤30 cm/s in all but 1 case). In all cases, trophoblastic tissue was confirmed at histologic examination.ConclusionsAlthough surgical removal of retained products of conception was uneventful in most cases, heavy bleeding has to be anticipated in cases of high‐velocity flow in the myometrium underlying residual trophoblastic tissue. Accordingly, in cases of high‐velocity enhanced myometrial vascularity, we advocate surgical removal of the residual tissue under ultrasound guidance by an experienced surgeon and in the presence of a fully informed anesthetist.
Widespread excess ice in Arcadia Planitia, Mars
Authors: Bramson Ali M. , Byrne Shane , Putzig Nathaniel E. , Sutton Sarah , Plaut Jeffrey J. , Brothers T. Charles , Holt John W. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe distribution of subsurface water ice on Mars is a key constraint on past climate, while the volumetric concentration of buried ice (pore‐filling versus excess) provides information about the process that led to its deposition. We investigate the subsurface of Arcadia Planitia by measuring the depth of terraces in simple impact craters and mapping a widespread subsurface reflection in radar sounding data. Assuming that the contrast in material strengths responsible for the terracing is the same dielectric interface that causes the radar reflection, we can combine these data to estimate the dielectric constant of the overlying material. We compare these results to a three‐component dielectric mixing model to constrain composition. Our results indicate a widespread, decameters‐thick layer that is excess water ice ~104 km3 in volume. The accumulation and long‐term preservation of this ice is a challenge for current Martian climate models.
Field‐aligned currents in Saturn's northern nightside magnetosphere: Evidence for interhemispheric current flow associated with planetary period oscillations
Authors: Hunt G. J. , Cowley S. W. H. , Provan G. , Bunce E. J. , Alexeev I. I. , Belenkaya E. S. , Kalegaev V. V. , Dougherty M. K. , Coates A. J. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractWe investigate the magnetic perturbations associated with field‐aligned currents observed on 34 Cassini passes over the premidnight northern auroral region during 2008. These are found to be significantly modulated not only by the northern planetary‐period oscillation (PPO) system, similar to the southern currents by the southern PPO system found previously, but also by the southern PPO system as well, thus providing the first clear evidence of PPO‐related interhemispheric current flow. The principal field‐aligned currents of the two PPO systems are found to be co‐located in northern ionospheric colatitude, together with the currents of the PPO‐independent (subcorotation) system, located between the vicinity of the open‐closed field boundary and field lines mapping to ~9 Saturn radius (Rs) in the equatorial plane. All three systems are of comparable magnitude, ~3 MA in each PPO half‐cycle. Smaller PPO‐related field‐aligned currents of opposite polarity also flow in the interior region, mapping between ~6 and ~9 Rs in the equatorial plane, carrying a current of ~ ±2 MA per half‐cycle, which significantly reduce the oscillation amplitudes in the interior region. Within this interior region the amplitudes of the northern and southern oscillations are found to fall continuously with distance along the field lines from the corresponding hemisphere, thus showing the presence of cross‐field currents, with the southern oscillations being dominant in the south, and modestly lower in amplitude than the northern oscillations in the north. As in previous studies, no oscillations related to the opposite hemisphere are found on open field lines in either hemisphere.