bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment modality: a predictor of continued tobacco use after treatment in patients with laryngeal cancer
Authors: Narwani V , Harries M 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackground:Laryngeal cancer patients who continue to smoke after treatment are at an elevated risk of mortality and morbidity. This study aimed to identify factors associated with continued tobacco use following treatment in patients with laryngeal cancer.Methods:A smoking behaviour questionnaire, a self-report measure, was sent to 112 patients who were diagnosed with laryngeal cancer during 2006–2011 at the Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals, Brighton, UK. Patient demographics, tumour and treatment-related variables, comorbidity and socio-economic status were obtained from the medical records.Results:Eighty-one per cent of patients responded to the survey; 22 per cent of these reported continued tobacco use after treatment. Treatment modality was found to be a predictor of post-therapeutic smoking (odds ratio: 4.9, p = 0.01); patients who received less invasive therapy (transoral laser microsurgery) were more likely to smoke after treatment.Conclusions:The findings of this preliminary study suggest that treatment modality influences smoking behaviour in patients with laryngeal cancer, which may have important implications for the design of anti-smoking interventions.
Cervical oesophagostomy in patients with severe dysphagia following radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Wang Y-J , Chen W-X , Zhang J-L , He F-Y , Zhu Z-F , Zeng Y , Yang F , Tang S-C 
Published: January 2014

AbstractObjective:This study aimed to investigate the validity and feasibility of cervical oesophagostomy as a treatment for patients with severe dysphagia after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Methods:The study retrospectively analysed the clinical data, symptoms, physical signs, treatment and outcomes of 12 patients treated with cervical oesophagostomy for severe dysphagia after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma, from 2006 to 2010.Results:In all 12 cases, the oesophageal stoma remained stable, without any complications such as pharyngeal fistula or inflammation. No oesophageal stricture or granuloma growth was observed. All patients reported significant improvement in their nutritional status and quality of life after the oesophagostomy surgery.Conclusion:Cervical oesophagostomy is a valid and feasible method of treating severe dysphagia following radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Oesophagostomy shows specific advantages over nasogastric tubing, gastrostomy and jejunostomy. Patients' nutrition and quality of life can be improved significantly if cervical oesophagostomy is executed in a timely fashion, especially in cases with severe trismus and multiple radiation-induced cranial nerve palsies unresponsive to rehabilitation.
Successful vaccines for naturally occurring protozoal diseases of animals should guide human vaccine research. A review of protozoal vaccines and their designs
Authors: MCALLISTER MILTON M. 
Published: January 2014

SUMMARYEffective vaccines are available for many protozoal diseases of animals, including vaccines for zoonotic pathogens and for several species of vector-transmitted apicomplexan haemoparasites. In comparison with human diseases, vaccine development for animals has practical advantages such as the ability to perform experiments in the natural host, the option to manufacture some vaccinesin vivo, and lower safety requirements. Although it is proper for human vaccines to be held to higher standards, the enduring lack of vaccines for human protozoal diseases is difficult to reconcile with the comparatively immense amount of research funding. Common tactical problems of human protozoal vaccine research include reliance upon adapted rather than natural animal disease models, and an overwhelming emphasis on novel approaches that are usually attempted in replacement of rather than for improvement upon the types of designs used in effective veterinary vaccines. Currently, all effective protozoal vaccines for animals are predicated upon the ability to grow protozoal organisms. Because human protozoal vaccines need to be as effective as animal vaccines, researchers should benefit from a comparison of existing veterinary products and leading experimental vaccine designs. With this in mind, protozoal vaccines are here reviewed.
A Comparison of the End of the Canton and Nagasaki Trade Control Systems
Authors: Murakami Ei 
Published: January 2014

Owing to the development of global history in recent decades, the idea of the West as the standard by which to consider economic development in other parts of the world has been abandoned.In his studies, Kenneth Pomeranz emphasised the similarities in the living standards that existed in the core region of East Asia and Northwest Europe until the beginning of the nineteenth century. He concludes that the reasons for the great divergence between East Asia and Northwest Europe had to do with the regions' access to coal mines and the New World. His studies stimulated comparisons between East Asian countries, such as China, India, and Japan, with Northwest Europe using different economic indicators.However, these studies do not adequately explain the reason for the “small divergence” between China and Japan after the mid-nineteenth century. There were no significant differences in the living standards or real wages in the core regions of China and Japan until late in the century. Because of the development of transportation technology during the 1800s, the location of coalmines cannot explain the difference between the two countries. Therefore, it is important to examine the institutional background for the “small divergence” between China and Japan.
Economic Links with Ayutthaya: Changes in Networks between Japan, China, and Siam in the Early Modern Period
Authors: Shimada Ryuto 
Published: January 2014

Ayutthaya was a key transit port and a centre for the intra-Asian maritime trade in the early modern period. Consequently, Siam's international trade must have been transformed once the maritime trade in Asia changed on a large scale. This essay aims to offer a systematic picture of the changing trend in the maritime trade in the China Sea region, with particular emphasis on Ayutthaya's trade with Japan and China. To this end, the transition of the Siamese trade will be examined from the point of view of regional trade patterns and how these changed from the mid-seventeenth century to the end of the eighteenth century.This essay has two general purposes. First, it provides a multinational perspective for a comparative study of Japan and China's foreign trade. The second is to use this case study of the Siamese trade to examine the hypothesis posed by Leonard Blussé that the eighteenth century should be regarded as a “Chinese century.”Keeping these aims in mind, I shall analyse the Siamese trade with Japan and China in the long run and after detailed investigation, propose a model for the triangular trade between Japan, China, and Siam.
The Transfer of Learning: The Import of Chinese and Dutch Books in Togukawa Japan
Authors: Boot W. J. 
Published: January 2014

I have often said, though mainly to captive audiences of students of Leiden University, that the mental map Japanese intellectuals had of their country counted three important hubs: Kyoto, Edo, and Nagasaki. Kyoto had the highest density ofjuku; it was the place where people studied. Edo was the place where everyone, and certainly the samurai, met; it was a clearing-house of all kinds of information. Nagasaki, finally, was the place that all self-respecting scholars and physicians would want to visit at least once, to get a whiff of the atmosphere of their “source country,” be it China or the Netherlands, and to acquire books.This thesis, such as it is, breaks down into three questions that can, in principle, be answered. (1) Who travelled to Nagasaki? When? What did they do there? How long did they stay? What are the aggregate numbers? (2) Did an appreciable quantity of the imported Dutch and Chinese books remain in Nagasaki? (3) Did there exist an intellectual establishment in Nagasaki that catered to the needs of visiting students? In practice, it might well be a life's work to answer these questions. In this article, I will concentrate on one aspect of the second of these questions: the import of foreign books through Nagasaki. The context, however, should be kept in mind.This idea has been with me ever since I read that Hayashi Razan(1583–1657) visited Nagasaki twice—once as a private person in the autumn of Keichō 7 (1602), when he stayed for over one month, and the second time in Keichō 12 (1607), immediately after he had been taken into the employ of Tokugawa Ieyasu's (1542–1616; shogun 1603–5).
Generation of high-energy ion bunches via laser-induced cavity pressure acceleration at ultra-high laser intensities
Authors: Jabłoński S. , Badziak J. , Rączka P. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIn this paper, a new method for efficient generation of high-energy ion bunches via laser-induced cavity pressure acceleration (LICPA) is examined using one-dimensional particle-in-cell code PIC1D. It is found that for high laser beam intensities of the order of 1022 W/cm2 and for circular light polarization, a substantial increase in parameters of the accelerated ions is obtained when the target is placed inside a special cavity, into which the laser beam is introduced by a small hole. As compared to the pure radiation pressure acceleration scheme, the LICPA scheme leads to an increase in ion energies and the laser-to-ions energy conversion efficiency while the width of the ion energy spectrum are similar for both the schemes. Such a tendency was observed for all carbon targets (from 2 µm to 0.2 µm thick) investigated in the paper. The results of PIC1D simulations agree very well with predictions of the suitably generalized light sail model.
Experiments with three approaches to recognizing lexical entailment
Authors: TURNEY P. D. , MOHAMMAD S. M. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractInference in natural language often involves recognizing lexical entailment (RLE), that is, identifying whether one word entails another. For example,buyentailsown. Two general strategies for RLE have been proposed: One strategy is to manually construct an asymmetric similarity measure for context vectors (directional similarity) and another is to treat RLE as a problem of learning to recognize semantic relations using supervised machine-learning techniques (relation classification). In this paper, we experiment with two recent state-of-the-art representatives of the two general strategies. The first approach is an asymmetric similarity measure (an instance of thedirectional similaritystrategy), designed to capture the degree to which the contexts of a word,a, form a subset of the contexts of another word,b. The second approach (an instance of therelation classificationstrategy) represents a word pair,a:b, with a feature vector that is the concatenation of the context vectors ofaandb, and then applies supervised learning to a training set of labeled feature vectors. In addition, we introduce a third approach that is a new instance of therelation classificationstrategy. The third approach represents a word pair,a:b, with a feature vector in which the features are the differences in the similarities ofaandbto a set of reference words. All three approaches use vector space models of semantics, based on word–context matrices. We perform an extensive evaluation of the three approaches using three different datasets. The proposed new approach (similarity differences) performs significantly better than the other two approaches on some datasets and there is no dataset for which it is significantly worse. Along the way, we address some of the concerns raised in past research, regarding the treatment of RLE as a problem of semantic relation classification, and we suggest, it is beneficial to make connections between the research in lexical entailment and the research in semantic relation classification.
4′-O-substitutions determine selectivity of aminoglycoside antibiotics
Authors: Perez-Fernandez Déborah , Shcherbakov Dmitri , Matt Tanja , Leong Ng Chyan , Kudyba Iwona , Duscha Stefan , Boukari Heithem , Patak Rashmi , Dubbaka Srinivas Reddy , Lang Kathrin , Meyer Martin , Akbergenov Rashid , Freihofer Pietro , Vaddi Swapna , Thommes Pia , Ramakrishnan V. , Vasella Andrea , Böttger Erik C. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractClinical use of 2-deoxystreptamine aminoglycoside antibiotics, which target the bacterial ribosome, is compromised by adverse effects related to limited drug selectivity. Here we present a series of 4′,6′-O-acetal and 4′-O-ether modifications on glucopyranosyl ring I of aminoglycosides. Chemical modifications were guided by measuring interactions between the compounds synthesized and ribosomes harbouring single point mutations in the drug-binding site, resulting in aminoglycosides that interact poorly with the drug-binding pocket of eukaryotic mitochondrial or cytosolic ribosomes. Yet, these compounds largely retain their inhibitory activity for bacterial ribosomes and show antibacterial activity. Our data indicate that 4′-O-substituted aminoglycosides possess increased selectivity towards bacterial ribosomes and little activity for any of the human drug-binding pockets.
Dike intrusions during rifting episodes obey scaling relationships similar to earthquakes
Authors: L. Passarelli , E. Rivalta , A. Shuler 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAs continental rifts evolve towards mid-ocean ridges, strain is accommodated by repeated episodes of faulting and magmatism. Discrete rifting episodes have been observed along two subaerial divergent plate boundaries, the Krafla segment of the Northern Volcanic Rift Zone in Iceland and the Manda-Hararo segment of the Red Sea Rift in Ethiopia. In both cases, the initial and largest dike intrusion was followed by a series of smaller intrusions. By performing a statistical analysis of these rifting episodes, we demonstrate that dike intrusions obey scaling relationships similar to earthquakes. We find that the dimensions of dike intrusions obey a power law analogous to the Gutenberg-Richter relation and the long-term release of geodetic moment is governed by a relationship consistent with the Omori law. Due to the effects of magma supply, the timing of secondary dike intrusions differs from that of the aftershocks. This work provides evidence of self-similarity in the rifting process.
Differential functions of calpain 1 during epithelial cell death and adipocyte differentiation in mammary gland involution
Authors: Arnandis Teresa , Ferrer-Vicens Ivan , Torres Luis , García Concha , Garcia-Trevijano Elena R. , Zaragoza Rosa , Viña Juan R. 
Published: January 2014

Calpains become activated in the mammary gland early during weaning, cleaving several proteins located mainly in the cell membrane, but also in other organelles such as lysosomes, mitochondria and nuclei. By immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis, we have demonstrated the nuclear translocation of calpain-1 and calpain-2, together with the cleavage of several cytoplasmic nucleoporins in epithelial cells of the lobulo-alveolar compartment. In vivo and in vitro calpain inhibition prevented this nucleoporin degradation. In addition, calpain-1 was also present in the nucleus of non-epithelial mammary tissue cells, concomitant with adipocyte re-differentiation. Calpain-1 was internalized within nuclei and found to be present in the nuclear chromatin-enriched fraction, associated with histone H3. Furthermore, we have demonstrated, both in vivo and in vitro, the cleavage of the N-terminal residue of histone H3 by calpain-1. Calpain-1 co-localized with both H3K4me3 (histone H3 trimethylated at Lys4) and H3K27me3 (histone H3 trimethylated at Lys27) at the nuclear periphery, a bivalent epigenetic signal essential for cell differentiation. Using ChIP assays we could confirm the presence of calpain-1 in the promoters of key genes expressed in adipose tissue, such as Cebpa (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α) and Lep (leptin). The results of the present study highlight a dual role for calpain-1 in the weaned gland after the pregnancy/lactation cycle, controlling programmed cell death and participating in the epigenetic programme during adipocyte differentiation.
Genetic dissection of plexin signaling in vivo
Authors: Worzfeld Thomas , Swiercz Jakub M. , Sentürk Aycan , Genz Berit , Korostylev Alexander , Deng Suhua , Xia Jingjing , Hoshino Mikio , Epstein Jonathan A. , Chan Andrew M. , Vollmar Brigitte , Acker-Palmer Amparo , Kuner Rohini , Offermanns Stefan 
Published: January 2014

Significance
Plexins, a family of transmembrane receptors for semaphorins, control diverse biological processes during mouse development. However, it is largely unknown through which signaling pathways they exert their functions in vivo. Using an allelic series of transgenic mice, we show that the GTPase activating protein domain of plexins constitutes their key signaling module during development, which is required for proper formation of the nervous, cardiovascular, and skeletal system. In contrast, development of the liver vasculature specifically depends on the activation of the small GTPase RhoA by the plexin family member Plexin-B2. This study uncovers the in vivo context-dependence and functional specificity of individual plexin-mediated signaling pathways during mouse development.
High-throughput combinatorial screening identifies drugs that cooperate with ibrutinib to kill activated B-cell–like diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cells
Authors: Mathews Griner Lesley A. , Guha Rajarshi , Shinn Paul , Young Ryan M. , Keller Jonathan M. , Liu Dongbo , Goldlust Ian S. , Yasgar Adam , McKnight Crystal , Boxer Matthew B. , Duveau Damien Y. , Jiang Jian-Kang , Michael Sam , Mierzwa Tim , Huang Wenwei , Walsh Martin J. , Mott Bryan T. , Patel Paresma , Leister William , Maloney David J. , Leclair Christopher A. , Rai Ganesha , Jadhav Ajit , Peyser Brian D. , Austin Christopher P. , Martin Scott E. , Simeonov Anton , Ferrer Marc , Staudt Louis M. , Thomas Craig J. 
Published: January 2014

Significance
The treatment of cancer is highly reliant on drug combinations. Next-generation, targeted therapeutics are demonstrating interesting single-agent activities in clinical trials; however, the discovery of companion drugs through iterative clinical trial-and-error is not a tenable mechanism to prioritize clinically important combinations for these agents. Herein we describe the results of a large, high-throughput combination screen of the Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitor ibrutinib versus a library of nearly 500 approved and investigational drugs. Multiple ibrutinib combinations were discovered through this study that can be prioritized for clinical examination.
Selective mRNA sequestration by OLIGOURIDYLATE-BINDING PROTEIN 1 contributes to translational control during hypoxia in
Arabidopsis
Authors: Sorenson Reed , Bailey-Serres Julia 
Published: January 2014

Significance
Posttranscriptional mechanisms that regulate the localization, stability, and translation of individual mRNAs are important factors in fine-tuning gene expression. Under low oxygen conditions, cellular protein synthesis is rapidly reduced and highly selective until reoxygenation. Here, we show that the preferential translation of stress-induced mRNAs over abundant nonstress transcripts is associated with the selective sequestration of mRNAs into large granular cytoplasmic complexes. The aggregation involves an RNA-binding protein and principally affects the transcripts that are not upregulated by the stress. This mechanism provides a means for rapid oscillation of mRNA translational activity in response to a transient energy stress.
A note on derivations of Murray–von Neumann algebras
Authors: Kadison Richard V. , Liu Zhe 
Published: January 2014

Significance
In this article, derivations of algebras of unbounded operators acting on a Hilbert space are discussed. Derivations appear as the generators of one-parameter groups that express the symmetries and dynamical evolution of quantum-mechanical systems. One can see this relation to derivations by examining Dirac's Program for a mathematical formulation of the fundamentals of quantum mechanics.
Critical role for IL-1β in DNA damage-induced mucositis
Authors: Kanarek Naama , Grivennikov Sergei I. , Leshets Michael , Lasry Audrey , Alkalay Irit , Horwitz Elad , Shaul Yoav D. , Stachler Matthew , Voronov Elena , Apte Ron N. , Pagano Michele , Pikarsky Eli , Karin Michael , Ghosh Sankar , Ben-Neriah Yinon 
Published: January 2014

Significance
Deletion of the E3 β-TrCP in the mouse gut epithelium deregulates enterocyte cell cycle, induces a DNA damage response (DDR), and abolishes the epithelium barrier function, resulting in a lethal mucosal inflammation. Epithelial-derived IL-1β, likely induced by DDR independently of NF-κB, is a major culprit, and initiates the pathology by compromising epithelial tight junctions (TJs). Anti–IL-1β treatment secures the TJs and prevents the fulminant mucosal inflammation. IL-1β secretion accompanies human mucositis, a severe mucosal inflammatory reaction caused by chemoradiation therapy-induced DNA damage, which often results in treatment suspension. We propose that anti–IL-1β preventive treatment may ameliorate mucositis, as well as multiple disorders associated with epithelial barrier permeability, including burn injuries, head and neck trauma, alcoholic intoxication, and graft-vs.-host disease.
Using constellation pharmacology to define comprehensively a somatosensory neuronal subclass
Authors: Teichert Russell W. , Memon Tosifa , Aman Joseph W. , Olivera Baldomero M. 
Published: January 2014

Significance
Change in the nervous system occurs in response to diverse inputs, both normal and pathological. Defining such changes is required for understanding normal nervous-system functions and pathologies—e.g., from learning and memory to intractable disease. A unique combination pharmacology strategy allows identification of distinct neuronal subclasses through their constant functional expression of a specific subset of signaling proteins. Phenotypic alterations in signaling for one specific neuronal subclass were tracked as a function of development. These alterations provide proof-of-principle that changes in individual types of neurons can be monitored as a function of learning, disease, or aging. Developing biomarkers and therapeutic interventions for intractable nervous-system pathologies will require simultaneously monitoring different neuronal subclasses for such changes early during disease progression.