bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sca-1+Lin−CD117− Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells Induce the Generation of Novel IRF8-Controlled Regulatory Dendritic Cells through Notch–RBP-J Signaling
Authors: Liu Xingxia , Ren Shaoda , Ge Chaozhuo , Cheng Kai , Zenke Martin , Keating Armand , Zhao Robert C. H. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) can influence the destiny of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSCs) and exert broadly immunomodulatory effects on immune cells. However, how MSCs regulate the differentiation of regulatory dendritic cells (regDCs) from HSCs remains incompletely understood. In this study, we show that mouse bone marrow–derived Sca-1+Lin−CD117− MSCs can drive HSCs to differentiate into a novel IFN regulatory factor (IRF)8–controlled regDC population (Sca+ BM-MSC–driven DC [sBM-DCs]) when cocultured without exogenous cytokines. The Notch pathway plays a critical role in the generation of the sBM-DCs by controlling IRF8 expression in an RBP-J–dependent way. We observed a high level of H3K27me3 methylation and a low level of H3K4me3 methylation at the Irf8 promoter during sBM-DC induction. Importantly, infusion of sBM-DCs could alleviate colitis in mice with inflammatory bowel disease by inhibiting lymphocyte proliferation and increasing the numbers of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells. Thus, these data infer a possible mechanism for the development of regDCs and further support the role of MSCs in treating immune disorders.
Programmed Cell Death 1 and Helios Distinguish TCR-αβ+ Double-Negative (CD4−CD8−) T Cells That Derive from Self-Reactive CD8 T Cells
Authors: Rodríguez-Rodríguez Noé , Apostolidis Sokratis A. , Penaloza-MacMaster Pablo , Martín Villa José Manuel , Barouch Dan H. , Tsokos George C. , Crispín José C. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
TCR-αβ+ double-negative (DN; CD4−CD8−) T cells represent a poorly understood cellular subset suggested to contribute to the pathogenesis of the autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus. DN T cells have been proposed to derive from CD8+ cells. However, the conditions that govern the loss of CD8 expression after Ag encounter are unknown. In this study, we tracked the fate of CD8 T cells from transgenic TCR mice exposed to their cognate Ags as self or in the context of infection. We demonstrate that CD8 T cells lose CD8 expression and become DN only when cognate Ag is sensed as self. This process is restricted to tissues where the Ag is present. We also show that DN T cells derived from self-reactive CD8 cells express the inhibitory molecules PD-1 and Helios. These molecules identify a subset of DN T cells in normal mice. A similar population expands when CD8 T cells from repertoires enriched in self-reactive cells (Aire-deficient) are transferred into cognate hosts. Collectively, our data suggest that a subset of DN T cells, identified by the expression of PD-1 and Helios, represent self-reactive cells. Our results provide an explanation for the origin of DN T cells and introduce CD8 loss as a process associated with self-Ag encounter.
SAMHD1 Degradation Enhances Active Suppression of Dendritic Cell Maturation by HIV-1
Authors: Hertoghs Nina , van der Aar Angelic M. G. , Setiawan Laurentia C. , Kootstra Neeltje A. , Gringhuis Sonja I. , Geijtenbeek Teunis B. H. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
A hallmark of HIV-1 infection is the lack of sterilizing immunity. Dendritic cells (DCs) are crucial in the induction of immunity, and lack of DC activation might underlie the absence of an effective anti–HIV-1 response. We have investigated how HIV-1 infection affects maturation of DCs. Our data show that even though DCs are productively infected by HIV-1, infection does not induce DC maturation. HIV-1 infection actively suppresses DC maturation, as HIV-1 infection inhibited TLR-induced maturation of DCs and thereby decreased the immune stimulatory capacity of DCs. Interfering with SAMHD1 restriction further increased infection of DCs, but did not lead to DC maturation. Notably, higher infection observed with SAMHD1 depletion correlated with a stronger suppression of maturation. Furthermore, blocking reverse transcription rescued TLR-induced maturation. These data strongly indicate that HIV-1 replication does not trigger immune activation in DCs, but that HIV-1 escapes immune surveillance by actively suppressing DC maturation independent of SAMHD1. Elucidation of the mechanism of suppression can lead to promising targets for therapy or vaccine design.
Ability To Develop Broadly Neutralizing HIV-1 Antibodies Is Not Restricted by the Germline Ig Gene Repertoire
Authors: Scheepers Cathrine , Shrestha Ram K. , Lambson Bronwen E. , Jackson Katherine J. L. , Wright Imogen A. , Naicker Dshanta , Goosen Mark , Berrie Leigh , Ismail Arshad , Garrett Nigel , Abdool Karim Quarraisha , Abdool Karim Salim S. , Moore Penny L. , Travers Simon A. , Morris Lynn 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The human Ig repertoire is vast, producing billions of unique Abs from a limited number of germline Ig genes. The IgH V region (IGHV) is central to Ag binding and consists of 48 functional genes. In this study, we analyzed whether HIV-1–infected individuals who develop broadly neutralizing Abs show a distinctive germline IGHV profile. Using both 454 and Illumina technologies, we sequenced the IGHV repertoire of 28 HIV-infected South African women from the Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA) 002 and 004 cohorts, 13 of whom developed broadly neutralizing Abs. Of the 259 IGHV alleles identified in this study, approximately half were not found in the International Immunogenetics Database (IMGT). This included 85 entirely novel alleles and 38 alleles that matched rearranged sequences in non-IMGT databases. Analysis of the rearranged H chain V region genes of mAbs isolated from seven of these women, as well as previously isolated broadly neutralizing Abs from other donors, provided evidence that at least eight novel or non-IMGT alleles contributed to functional Abs. Importantly, we found that, despite a wide range in the number of IGHV alleles in each individual, including alleles used by known broadly neutralizing Abs, there were no significant differences in germline IGHV repertoires between individuals who do and do not develop broadly neutralizing Abs. This study reports novel IGHV repertoires and highlights the importance of a fully comprehensive Ig database for germline gene usage prediction. Furthermore, these data suggest a lack of genetic bias in broadly neutralizing Ab development in HIV-1 infection, with positive implications for HIV vaccine design.
Theological training in the black Reformed Churches in South Africa (RCSA)
Authors: Ramantswana Hulisani 
Published: April 2015

This article presents a historic analysis of theological training in the black Reformed Churches in South Africa (RCSA) − Southland Synod (Coloured), Synod Midlands (black) and Synod Soutpansberg (black) − and highlights the major trends with regard to theological training. Four phases are identified: (1) 1910–1951, informal training of evangelists and ministers on a local basis; (2) 1952–1960, the beginning of formal training of ministers and evangelists; (3) 1961–1989, training under the 1961 Theological Training Policy for the black RCSA; and (4) 1990 to today, theological training in the black RCSA in the context of the new South Africa.Teologiese opleiding in die swart Gereformeerde Kerke in Suid-Afrika (GKSA). Die artikel bied ’n historiese ontleding van teologiese opleiding in die swart Gereformeerde Kerke in Suid-Afrika − Suidland Sinode (Kleurling), Middellande Sinode (swart) en Soutpansberg Sinode (swart) − en beklemtoon die belangrikste tendense met betrekking tot teologiese opleiding. Vier fases word in die artikel geïdentifiseer: (1) 1910–1951, informele opleiding van evangeliste en leraars op ’n plaaslike basis; (2) 1952–1960, die begin van die formele opleiding van predikante en evangeliste; (3) 1961–1989, opleiding onder die 1961 Teologiese Opleidingsbeleid in die swart GKSA; en (4) 1990 tot vandag, teologiese opleiding in die swart GKSA in die konteks van die nuwe Suid-Afrika.
Gastritis profunda cystica presenting as gastric outlet obstruction and mimicking cancer: A case report
Authors: Osama Butt Muhammad , Hassan Luck Nasir , Mujahid Hassan Syed , Abbas Zaigham , Mubarak Muhammed 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Gastritis cystica profunda (GCP) is a rare, benign lesion of the stomach characterized by polypoid hyperplasia and/or ulcerated mucosal lesion and cystic dilatation of the gastric glands extending into the submucosa or muscularis propria of the stomach. Its etiology and pathogenesis are still incompletely understood. The most important factor is assumed to be a history of prior gastric surgery. We herein present a case of a young adult female with upper gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. She underwent upper GI endoscopy twice, which revealed pyloric narrowing and intramural mass. Gastric endoscopic mucosal biopsies were performed, but no tumor was identified and her symptoms persisted. Imaging studies also revealed a mass lesion. Open laparotomy and partial gastrectomy with histopathology of the resected specimen revealed the true nature of the lesion. Surgery also improved her symptoms. GCP should be kept in the differential diagnosis of gastric mural mass lesions.
Effect of cover crops on emergence and growth of carrot (Daucus carota L.) in no-plow and traditional tillage
Authors: Błażewicz-Woźniak Marzena , Wach Dariusz , Konopiński Mirosław , Patkowska Elżbieta , Baltyn Monika 
Published: April 2015

<p>The aim of the experiment was to determine the influence of cover crop biomass incorporated into the soil at different times and using different treatments on carrot emergence and growth. 7 species of cover crops were included in the study: <em>Secale cereale</em>, <em>Avena sativa</em>, <em>Vicia sativa</em>, <em>Sinapis alba</em>, <em>Phacelia tanacetifolia</em>, <em>Fagopyrum esculentum</em>, and <em>Helianthus annuus</em>. </p><p>Number of emerged carrot plants significantly depended on the cover crop used and on the method of pre-winter and spring pre-sowing tillage. Carrot emerged best after a rye or oats cover crop. Regardless of the cover crop species used, the largest number of carrots emerged in cultivation on ridges. In other variants of no-plow tillage, number of seedlings was significantly lower and did not differ from that under traditional plow tillage. The highest leaf rosettes were formed by carrot growing after a rye or oats cover crop. The highest rosettes were produced by carrots in the treatments where tillage was limited to the use of a tillage implement in spring and the lowest ones after pre-winter plowing. The effect of tillage on the emergence and height of carrot leaves largely depended on weather conditions in the successive years of the study. The largest number of leaves was found in carrots grown after a buckwheat cover crop and in cultivation without cover crop, while the smallest one after phacelia and white mustard. Carrots produced the largest number of leaves after a sunflower cover crop and the use of a tillage implement in spring, while the number of leaves was lowest when the mustard biomass was incorporated into the soil in spring. The use of cover crops significantly increased the mass of leaves produced by carrot as compared to the cultivation without cover crop. The largest mass of leaves was produced by carrots grown after the phacelia and mustard cover crops. Conventional plow tillage and pre-winter tillage using a stubble cultivator promoted an increase in the mass of carrot leaves.</p>
Long-Term Results of Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Therapy for the Treatment of Crohn's Fistula
Authors: Cho Yong Beom , Park Kyu Joo , Yoon Sang Nam , Song Kee Ho , Kim Do Sun , Jung Sang Hun , Kim Mihyung , Jeong Hee Young , Yu Chang Sik 
Published: April 2015

Abstract

A previous phase II clinical trial of adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) therapy for fistulae associated with Crohn's disease, a devastating condition with a high recurrence rate, demonstrated safety and therapeutic potential with a 1-year sustained response. In the present study, 41 of the 43 phase II trial patients were followed for an additional year, regardless of response in the initial year. At 24 months, complete healing was observed in 21 of 26 patients (80.8%) in modified per protocol analysis and 27 of 36 patients (75.0%) in modified intention-to-treat analysis. No adverse events related to ASC administration were observed. Furthermore, complete closure after initial treatment was well-sustained. These results strongly suggest that autologous ASCs may be a novel treatment option for Crohn's fistulae.

Significance
Long-term follow-up of patients with Crohn's fistula found that one or two doses of autologous adipose-derived stem cell therapy achieved complete closure in 80% of the patients at 12 months. After 24 months, 75% of those patients sustained complete closure, showing sustainable safety and efficacy of the treatment.
Análisis de la utilización de estrategias en el aprendizaje de la lengua extranjera
Authors: García Herrero Mª de las Mercedes 
Published: April 2015

<p>El presente artículo pretende analizar el uso de las estrategias de aprendizaje de la lengua extranjera por parte de estudiantes universitarios ya titulados. Los principales objetivos del estudio son: 1) Analizar la frecuencia de utilización de las categorías de estrategias y 2) Determinar la frecuencia de uso de las estrategias individuales que conforman cada categoría.</p><p>Los resultados indican que los estudiantes tienden a utilizar las estrategias Metacognitivas seguidas por las estrategias Afectivas presentando ambas una frecuencia de uso alto. Los aprendices aplican por este orden las distintas categorías: Compensación, Cognitivas, Sociales y de Memorización.</p><p> </p>
Are discourse comprehension and cognitive processes influenced by the type of language language (English and Spanish)? A cross-language study based on elaborative inferences generation
Authors: Escudero Domínguez Inmaculada , León José A. , Morera Yurena 
Published: April 2015

The aim of this study was to determine whether discourse comprehension processes, focusing on the type of inferences activated during reading, would be influenced by the language (English and Spanish) as supported by linguistic relativity theories. 20 U.S. and 20 Spanish undergraduates took part in this study using a think-aloud task. The results suggest that inference generation was not restricted by language differences. In contrast, these data support the idea that inference activation reflects a universal cognitive processes pattern
Processus de contextualisation et développement de la compétence scripturale de justification d’élèves du premier cycle du secondaire
Authors: Forget Marie-Hélène 
Published: April 2015

Une recherche doctorale qualitative et exploratoire portant sur l’apprentissage de l’écriture de justifications en classe de français chez des élèves plurilingues de 12 à 14 ans a révélé des liens entre la contextualisation qu’effectue un élève d’une situation d’écriture et sa manière d’élaborer le propos de sa justification. En effet, selon que l’élève tienne compte des paramètres de la situation fictive d’écriture ou qu’il focalise plutôt son attention sur les exigences scolaires, il parviendra plus ou moins bien à tenir compte de la dimension dialogique inhérente au discours justificatif. Cet article illustre ces liens à partir d’extraits d’entretiens et met en évidence des besoins d’apprentissage liés à ce processus de contextualisation qui, s’il est bien mené, soutient l’élève dans le développement de sa compétence scripturale de justification.
S’adapter au rôle professionnel lorsqu’on est enseignant de migration récente au Québec : expérience, défis et facteurs de réussite
Authors: Niyubahwe Aline , Mukamurera Joséphine , Jutras France 
Published: April 2015

Cet article présente les résultats d’une recherche qualitative phénoménologique dont l’objectif est de décrire et de comprendre l’expérience d’adaptation au rôle professionnel des enseignants de migration récente dans le contexte scolaire québécois. À partir de données d’entrevues semi-dirigées réalisées auprès de 13 enseignants de migration récente des régions de Montréal et de Sherbrooke, l’analyse montre qu’ils ont traversé une période de déstabilisation et de perte de repères par rapport au rôle professionnel. Une fois le choc de la réalité passé, ils ont réappris peu à peu le métier et développé des stratégies d’adaptation qui les ont conduits à modifier leurs pratiques pédagogiques et à développer un rapport positif au système éducatif québécois. Le soutien et la collaboration de l’équipe-école constituent des facteurs favorables à leur adaptation.
Protein Purification Using PDZ Affinity Chromatography
Authors: Walkup Ward G. , Kennedy Mary B. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractPDZ domains function in nature as protein‐binding domains within scaffold and membrane‐associated proteins. They comprise approximately 90 residues and undergo specific, high‐affinity interactions with complementary C‐terminal peptide sequences, other PDZ domains, and/or phospholipids. We have previously shown that the specific, strong interactions of PDZ domains with their ligands make them well suited for use in affinity chromatography. This unit provides protocols for the PDZ affinity chromatography procedure that are applicable for the purification of proteins that contain PDZ domains or PDZ domain‐binding ligands, either naturally or introduced by genetic engineering. We detail the preparation of affinity resins composed of PDZ domains or PDZ domain peptide ligands coupled to solid supports. These resins can be used to purify proteins containing endogenous or genetically introduced PDZ domains or ligands, eluting the proteins with free PDZ domain peptide ligands. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Fixation and Immunolabeling of Brain Slices: SNAPSHOT Method
Authors: Dissing‐Olesen Lasse , MacVicar Brian A. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAcute brain slices are widely used in neuroscience because this preparation enables pharmacological interventions in a timely manner, similar to what is currently done in cultured cell studies, while preserving the natural cytoarchitecture. However, compared with cells in culture and thin cryostat sections, acute brain slices are not commonly used for immunolabeling because of poor fixation and antibody penetration. Thus, we have established a novel protocol to overcome these issues. We named this protocol SNAPSHOT (StaiNing of dynAmic ProcesseS in HOt‐fixed Tissue) because it describes a simple approach for preserving the morphology of fine dynamic cellular processes at the exact time of fixation and for improving the penetration of antibodies. We have previously shown that SNAPSHOT preserves the ultrastructure of the tissue and allows for a uniform immunolabeling throughout a 300 μm thick slice. SNAPSHOT has recently proven to be beneficial in addressing several unique biological questions. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Diagnosis of Fanconi Anemia by Diepoxybutane Analysis
Authors: Auerbach Arleen D. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractFanconi anemia (FA) is a genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous disorder characterized by congenital malformations, progressive bone marrow failure, and predisposition to cancer, particularly hematological malignancies and solid tumors of the head and neck. The main role of FA proteins is in the repair of DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICLs). FA results from pathogenic variants in at least sixteen distinct genes, causing genomic instability. Although the highly variable phenotype makes accurate diagnosis on the basis of clinical manifestations difficult in some patients, diagnosis based on a profound sensitivity to DNA‐crosslinking agents can be used to identify the pre‐anemia patient as well as patients with aplastic anemia or leukemia who may or may not have the physical stigmata associated with the syndrome. Diepoxybutane (DEB) analysis is the preferred test for FA because other agents have higher rates of false‐positive and false‐negative results. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Preparation of Amniocytes for Interphase Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH)
Authors: Schwartz Stuart 
Published: April 2015

AbstractFISH has been used to detect and clarify deletions and/or other structural rearrangements, and also has applications in interphase analysis. This unit describes preparation of uncultured amniotic fluid cells for FISH analysis. Cells are swollen, and then slides are prepared by standard methods. The cells are then fixed and permeabilized for subsequent FISH. An alternate protocol describes attachment of amniocytes to a glass or plastic surface followed by hypotonic swelling, fixation, and permeabilization for subsequent FISH. Interphase FISH analysis of amniotic fluid cells is also described. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Cell Volume Measurements by Optical Transmission Microscopy
Authors: A. Model Michael 
Published: April 2015

AbstractCell volume is an important parameter in cell adaptation to anisosmotic stress, in the development of apoptosis and necrosis, and in the pathogenesis of several diseases. This unit describes a method for measuring the volume of adherent cells using a standard light microscope. A coverslip with attached cells is placed in a shallow chamber in a medium containing a strongly absorbing and cell‐impermeant dye, Acid Blue 9. When such a sample is imaged in transmitted light at a wavelength of maximum dye absorption (630 nm), the resulting contrast quantitatively reflects cell thickness. Once the thickness is known at every point, the volume can be computed as well. Technical details, interpretation of data, and possible artifacts are discussed. Measurements in absolute units require knowledge of the absorption coefficient, and a similar procedure for the measurement of absorption coefficient is described. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
High turnover rates indicated by changes in the fixed N forms and their stable isotopes in Antarctic landfast sea ice
Authors: Fripiat François , Sigman Daniel M. , Massé Guillaume , Tison Jean‐Louis 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWe report concentration and nitrogen and oxygen isotopic measurements of nitrate, total dissolved nitrogen, and particulate nitrogen from Antarctic landfast sea ice, covering almost the complete seasonal cycle of sea ice growth and decay (from April to November). When sea ice forms in autumn, ice algae growth depletes nitrate and accumulates organic N within the ice. Subsequent low biological activity in winter imposes minor variations in the partitioning of fixed N. In early spring, the coupling between nitrate assimilation and brine convection at the sea ice bottom traps a large amount of fixed N within sea ice, up to 20 times higher than in the underlying seawater. At this time, remineralization and nitrification also accelerate, yielding nitrate concentrations up to 5 times higher than in seawater. Nitrate δ15N and δ18O are both elevated, indicating a near‐balance between nitrification and nitrate assimilation. These findings require high microbially mediated turnover rates for the large fixed N pools, including nitrate. When sea ice warms in the spring, ice algae grow through the full thickness of the ice. The warming stratifies the brine network, which limits the exchange with seawater, causing the once‐elevated nitrate pool to be nearly completely depleted. The nitrate isotope data point to light limitation at the base of landfast ice as a central characteristic of the environment, affecting its N cycling (e.g., allowing for nitrification) and impacting algal physiology (e.g., as reflected in the N and O isotope effects of nitrate assimilation).