bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel Nanorod Precipitate Formation in Neodymium and Titanium Codoped Bismuth Ferrite
Authors: MacLaren Ian , Wang Li Qiu , Schaffer Bernhard , Ramasse Quentin M. , Craven Alan J. , Selbach Sverre M. , Spaldin Nicola A. , Miao Shu , Kalantari Kambiz , Reaney Ian M. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe discovery of unusual nanorod precipitates in bismuth ferrite doped with Nd and Ti is reported. The atomic structure and chemistry of the nanorods are determined using a combination of high angle annular dark field imaging, electron energy loss spectroscopy, and density functional calculations. It is found that the structure of the BiFeO3 matrix is strongly modified adjacent to the precipitates; the readiness of BiFeO3 to adopt different structural allotropes in turn explains why such a large axial ratio, uncommon in precipitates, is stabilized. In addition, a correlation is found between the alignment of the rods and the orientation of ferroelastic domains in the matrix, which is consistent with the system's attempt to minimize its internal strain. Density functional calculations indicate a finite density of electronic states at the Fermi energy within the rods, suggesting enhanced electrical conductivity along the rod axes, and motivating future investigations of nanorod functionalities.
The Head and Neck Muscles of the Serval and Tiger: Homologies, Evolution, and Proposal of a Mammalian and a Veterinary Muscle Ontology
Authors: Diogo Rui , Pastor Francisco , De Paz Felix , Potau Josep M. , Bello‐Hellegouarch Gaëlle , Ferrero Eva M. , Fisher Rebecca E. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractHere we describe the head and neck muscles of members of the two extant felid subfamilies (Leptailurus serval: Felinae; Panthera tigris: Pantherinae) and compare these muscles with those of other felids, other carnivorans (e.g., domestic dogs), other eutherian mammals (e.g., rats, tree‐shrews and modern humans), and noneutherian mammals including monotremes. Another major goal of the article is to discuss and help clarify nomenclatural discrepancies found in the Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria and in veterinary atlases and textbooks that use cats and dogs as models to understand the anatomy of domestic mammals and to stress differences with modern humans. We propose a unifying nomenclature that is expanded to all the head and neck muscles and to all mammalian taxa in order to help build veterinary and mammalian muscle ontologies. Our observations and comparisons and the specific use of this nomenclature point out that felids such as tigers and servals and other carnivorans such as dogs have more facial muscle structures related to the mobility of both the auricular and orbital regions than numerous other mammals, including modern humans, which might be the result of an ancient adaptation related to the remarkable predatory capacities of carnivorans. Interestingly, the skeletal differences, mainly concerning the hyoid apparatus, pharynx, and larynx, that are likely associated with the different types of vocalizations seen in the Felinae (mainly purring) and Pantherinae (mainly roaring) are not accompanied by clear differences in the musculature connected to these structures in the feline L. serval and the pantherine P. tigris. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Discordance between pain and radiographic severity in knee osteoarthritis: Findings from quantitative sensory testing of central sensitization
Authors: Finan Patrick H. , Buenaver Luis F. , Bounds Sara C. , Hussain Shahid , Park Raymond J. , Haque Uzma J. , Campbell Claudia M. , Haythornthwaite Jennifer A. , Edwards Robert R. , Smith Michael T. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjectiveRadiographic measures of the pathologic changes of knee osteoarthritis (OA) have shown modest associations with clinical pain. We sought to evaluate possible differences in quantitative sensory testing (QST) results and psychosocial distress profiles between knee OA patients with discordant versus congruent clinical pain reports relative to radiographic severity measures.MethodsA total of 113 participants (66.7% women; mean ± SD age 61.05 ± 8.93 years) with knee OA participated in the study. Radiographic evidence of joint pathology was graded according to the Kellgren/Lawrence scale. Central sensitization was indexed through quantitative sensory testing, including heat and pressure–pain thresholds, tonic suprathreshold pain (cold pressor test), and repeated phasic suprathreshold mechanical and thermal pain. Subgroups were constructed by dichotomizing clinical knee pain scores (median split) and knee OA grade scores (grades 1–2 versus 3–4), resulting in 4 groups: low pain/low knee OA grade (n = 24), high pain/high knee OA grade (n = 32), low pain/high knee OA grade (n = 27), and high pain/low knee OA grade (n = 30).ResultsMultivariate analyses revealed significantly heightened pain sensitivity in the high pain/low knee OA grade group, while the low pain/high knee OA grade group was less pain‐sensitive. Group differences remained significant after adjusting for differences on psychosocial measures, as well as age, sex, and race.ConclusionThe results suggest that central sensitization in knee OA is especially apparent among patients with reports of high levels of clinical pain in the absence of moderate‐to‐severe radiographic evidence of pathologic changes of knee OA.
Repairing rat sciatic nerve injury by a nerve‐growth‐factor‐loaded, chitosan‐based nerve conduit
Authors: Wang Hongkui , Zhao Qing , Zhao Weijia , Liu Qiong , Gu Xiaosong , Yang Yumin 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWe have developed a nerve conduit made up of chitosan, on which nerve growth factor (NGF) was immobilized via genipin cross‐linking. The nerve conduit was used to bridge a 10‐mm‐long sciatic nerve gap in rats. At 24 weeks after surgery, electrophysiological assessment, behavioral analysis, and histological examination were conducted to evaluate the outcomes of peripheral nerve repair. The nerve conduit allowed nerve reconstruction between two stumps and reinnervation of the target gastrocnemius muscle. For two groups of rats repaired respectively by the nerve conduit and autologous nerve graft, the density of regenerated axons was 3.55 ± 0.51 and 3.91 ± 0.14 (P = 0.712), and the cross‐sectional area of target muscles was 1,159.68 ± 305.85 and 1,307.06 ± 301.25 (P = 0.922), respectively, without significant differences between the two groups. Our data suggest the feasibility of using chitosan‐based, NGF‐loaded nerve conduits for peripheral nerve repair.
Separation and determination of anesthetics by capillary electrophoresis with mixed micelles of sodium dodecyl sulfate and Tween 20 using electrochemiluminescence detection
Authors: Liu Yan‐Ming , Li Jie , Yang Yang , Du Jun‐Jun 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTA simple and new method for the simultaneous determination of procaine (Pro), lidocaine (Lid), ropivacaine (Rop) and bupivacaine (Bup) was developed using capillary electrophoresis separation with mixed micelles and electrochemiluminescence detection. The use of mixed micelles of 2.0 × 10–3 mol/L sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and 8.0 × 10–3 mol/L Tween 20 greatly improved separation selectivity. The detection sensitivities of four drugs with a Pt working electrode were increased by modification of the Pt electrode with europium(III)–doped Prussian Blue analog (Eu–PB). Under optimal conditions, the four local anesthetics were well separated and detected. The limits of detection (LOD, S/N = 3) of Pro, Lid, Rop and Bup in standard solution are 2.5 × 10–8, 1.3 × 10–8, 3.0 × 10–8 and 4.1 × 10–8 mol/L, respectively. The limits of quantitation (LOQ, S/N = 10) of Pro, Lid, Rop and Bup are 2.3 × 10–7, 1.2 × 10–7, 3.7 × 10–7 and 5.6 × 10–7 mol/L in a human urine sample, and 8.5 × 10–7, 6.9 × 10–7, 2.8 × 10–6 and 1.1 × 10–6 mol/L in a human serum sample, respectively. The recoveries of four drugs at different spiked concentrations in human urine and serum samples were between 86.5 and 107.6%. The proposed method has been successfully applied to determine local anesthetics in biofluids. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Systematic review of intravenous methylene blue in parathyroid surgery
Authors: Patel H P , Chadwick D R , Harrison B J , Balasubramanian S P 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundMethylene blue is an intraoperative adjunct for localization of enlarged parathyroid glands. The availability of preoperative and other intraoperative localization methods, and the reported adverse effects of methylene blue make its routine use debatable. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review of the use of methylene blue in parathyroidectomy.MethodsA systematic review of English-language literature in MEDLINE and Scopus databases on the use of intravenous methylene blue in parathyroid surgery was carried out.ResultsThere were no randomized clinical trials. Thirty-nine observational studies were identified, of which 33 did not have a control arm. The overall median staining rate for abnormal parathyroid glands was 100 per cent. The median cure rates in the methylene blue and no-methylene blue arms were 100 and 98 per cent respectively. Neurotoxicity was reported in 25 patients, all of whom were taking serotonergic medication.ConclusionObservational evidence suggests that methylene blue is efficacious in identifying enlarged parathyroid glands. Toxicity appears to be mild in the absence of concomitant use of serotonin reuptake inhibitors. The effectiveness of methylene blue in the context of currently used preoperative and intraoperative localization techniques has yet to be shown.
Systematic review of single-incision laparoscopic colonic surgery
Authors: Fung A K-Y , Aly E H 
Published: September 2012

Abstract

Background
Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) have shown multiport laparoscopic surgery to be safe compared with open surgery in elective colonic disease. Single-incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) represents the latest advance in laparoscopic surgery. The aim of this systematic review was to establish the safety and complication profile of colonic SILS.

Methods
The search was performed in October 2011 using PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Search terms were ‘colorectal’, ‘colon’, ‘colectomy’, ‘rectal’ and single incision/port/trocar/site/scar. Only pure single-incision laparoscopic colonic surgery for benign and malignant colonic disease was included. Primary outcomes were the early postoperative complication profiles of colonic SILS. Secondary outcomes were duration of operation, lymph node yields, conversion rate and duration of hospital stay.

Results
Colonic SILS data were compared with data from a Cochrane review on the short-term outcomes of laparoscopic colonic surgery and four main RCTs on laparoscopic colonic surgery. Median operating times and time to first bowel motion for colonic SILS were comparable with those for laparoscopic colonic surgery. The median lymph node retrieval for malignant disease achieved with SILS was acceptable. Evidence for a reduction in postoperative pain with SILS was conflicting. There was no significant reduction in length of hospital stay with SILS. Most patients selected for colonic SILS had a low body mass index, non-bulky tumours and were operated on by experienced laparoscopic surgeons. There was significant heterogeneity in study group characteristics, indications for surgery, research methodology, operative techniques and follow-up time.

Conclusion
Colonic SILS should be restricted to highly selected patients; operations should be performed by experienced laparoscopic surgeons, with critical appraisal of clinical outcomes.
Transanal glove port is a safe and cost-effective alternative for transanal endoscopic microsurgery
Authors: Hompes R , Ris F , Cunningham C , Mortensen N J , Cahill R A 
Published: September 2012

Abstract

Background
Transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) is a minimally invasive technique for excision of rectal tumours that avoids conventional pelvic resectional surgery along with its risks and side-effects. Although appealing, the associated cost and complex learning curve limit TEM utilization by colorectal surgeons. Single-port laparoscopic principles are being recognized as transferable to transanal work and hybrid techniques are in evolution. Here the clinical application of a new technique for transanal access is reported.

Methods
Consecutive non-selected patients eligible for TEM over a 3-month period (and selected patients thereafter) were offered a procedure performed via a ‘glove TEM port’. This access device was constructed on-table using a circular anal dilator (CAD), wound retractor and standard surgical glove, along with standard, straight laparoscopic trocar sleeves and instruments.

Results
Fourteen patients underwent full-thickness resection of benign (8) or malignant (6) rectal pathology. CAD insertion failed in one patient and conventional TEM assistance was needed in another, leaving 12 procedures completed successfully by glove TEM alone as planned (completion rate 86 per cent overall, 92 per cent after initiation). The median (range) duration of operation and resected specimen area were 93 (30–120) min and 12 (3–152) cm2 respectively. There was no intraoperative and minimal postoperative morbidity, with a median follow-up of 5·7 (2·7–9·4) months.

Conclusion
The glove TEM port is a safe, inexpensive and readily available access tool that may obviate the use of specialized equipment for transanal resection of rectal lesions.
Twenty years of experience with laparoscopic antireflux surgery
Authors: Engström C , Cai W , Irvine T , Devitt P G , Thompson S K , Game P A , Bessell J R , Jamieson G G , Watson D I 
Published: September 2012

Abstract

Background
There are few reports of large patient cohorts with long-term follow-up after laparoscopic antireflux surgery. This study was undertaken to evaluate changes in surgical practice and outcomes for laparoscopic antireflux surgery over a 20-year period.

Methods
A standardized questionnaire, prospectively applied annually, was used to determine outcome for all patients undergoing laparoscopic fundoplication in two centres since commencing this procedure in 1991. Visual analogue scales ranging from 0 to 10 were used to assess symptoms of heartburn, dysphagia and satisfaction with overall outcome. Data were analysed to determine outcome across 20 years.

Results
From 1991 to 2010, 2261 consecutive patients underwent laparoscopic fundoplication at the authors' institutions. Follow-up ranged from 1 to 19 (mean 7·6) years. Conversion to open surgery occurred in 73 operations (3·2 per cent). Revisional surgery was performed in 216 patients (9·6 per cent), within 12 months of the original operation in 116. There was a shift from Nissen to partial fundoplication across 20 years, and a recent decline in operations for reflux, offset by an increase in surgery for large hiatus hernia. Dysphagia and satisfaction scores were stable, and heartburn scores rose slightly across 15 years of follow-up. Heartburn scores were slightly higher and reoperation for reflux was more common after anterior partial fundoplication (P = 0·005), whereas dysphagia scores were lower and reoperation for dysphagia was less common (P &lt; 0·001). At 10 years, satisfaction with outcome was similar for all fundoplication types.

Conclusion
Laparoscopic Nissen and partial fundoplications proved to be durable and achieved good long-term outcomes. At earlier follow-up, dysphagia was less common but reflux more common after anterior partial fundoplication, although differences had largely disappeared by 10 years.
Expression of a functional recombinant C‐type lectin‐like protein lebecetin in the human embryonic kidney cells
Authors: Jebali Jed , Jeanneau Charlotte , Morjen Maram , Mathieu Sylvie , Bazaa Amine , el Ayeb Mohamed , Luis José , Gargouri Ali , Marrakchi Naziha , el Battari Assou 
Published: September 2012

AbstractLebecetin is an anticoagulant C‐type lectin‐like protein that was previously isolated from Macrovipera lebetina venom and described to consist of two subunits (alpha and beta). It was reported to potently prevent platelet aggregation by binding to glycoprotein Ib and to exhibit a broad spectrum of inhibitory activities on various integrin‐mediated functions of tumor cells, including adhesion, proliferation, and cell migration. This study aimed to investigate the structure‐function of lebecetin. Accordingly, the cDNA of each subunit was cloned and separately or jointly expressed in the human embryonic kidney cells using two vectors with different selectable tags. The immunofluorescence analysis of transfected cells revealed significant expression levels and co‐localization of the two lebecetin subunits. The recombinant proteins were efficiently secreted and purified using metal‐chelating affinity chromatography. We found that the Lebecetin alpha and beta subunits were produced as a mixture of homodimers and heterodimers and that the heterodimerization represents a prerequisite for functioning. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2012
Evaluation of critical nutritional parameters and their significance in the production of rhamnolipid biosurfactants from Pseudomonas aeruginosa BS‐161R
Authors: Kumar Chityal Ganesh , Mamidyala Suman Kumar , Sujitha Pombala , Muluka Hemalatha , Akkenapally Surekha 
Published: September 2012

AbstractEleven biosurfactant producing bacteria were isolated from different petroleum‐contaminated soil and sludge samples. Among these 11 isolates, two were identified as promising, as they reduced the surface tension of culture medium to values below 27 mN m−1. Besides biosurfactant production property, they exhibited good flocculating activity. Microbacterium sp. was identified as a new addition to the list of biosurfactant and bioflocculant‐producers. Optimization of various conditions for rhamnolipid production was carried out for one of the promising isolate, Pseudomonas aeruginosa BS‐161R. Bioglycerol (2.5%), as a cheap renewable carbon source, attained better rhamnolipid yield, while sodium nitrate appeared to be the preferable nitrogen source. The optimum carbon to nitrogen (C/N) and carbon to iron (C/Fe) ratios achieved were 15 and 28,350, respectively, which favored rhamnolipid production. Physical parameters like pH, temperature, and agitation speed also affected the production of rhamnolipids. Results from shake flask optimization indicated that the concentration of bioglycerol, sodium nitrate, and iron were the most significant factors affecting rhamnolipid production, which was supported by the results of central composite rotatable design. After optimization of the culture conditions, the production of rhamnolipids increased by ninefold from 0.369 to 3.312 g L−1. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2012
Angular Benzoperylenetetracarboxylic Bisimides
Authors: Langhals Heinz , Böck Bernd , Schmid Tanja , Marchuk Alexey 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBenzoperylene derivatives with two angularly attached dicarboxylic imide rings, which were prepared by the Diels–Alder‐Reaction, exhibit strong fluorescence and their free peri positions allow either control of the UV/Vis spectra through their substituents or form anchor positions for the attachment of functional units. The angular chromophore 3 may be used both for fluorescent labeling such as for primary amines or enzymes or as building blocks for more complex assemblies where they may act as energy donors for FRET or electron acceptors in PET such as for photovoltaic solar cells.
NMR Spectroscopic Analysis Reveals Extensive Binding Interactions of Complex Xyloglucan Oligosaccharides with the Cellvibrio japonicus Glycoside Hydrolase Family 31 α‐Xylosidase
Authors: Silipo Alba , Larsbrink Johan , Marchetti Roberta , Lanzetta Rosa , Brumer Harry , Molinaro Antonio 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe study of the interaction of glycoside hydrolases with their substrates is fundamental to diverse applications in medicine, food and feed production, and biomass‐resource utilization. Recent molecular modeling of the α‐xylosidase CjXyl31A from the soil saprophyte Cellvibrio japonicus, together with protein crystallography and enzyme‐kinetic analysis, has suggested that an appended PA14 protein domain, unique among glycoside hydrolase family 31 members, may confer specificity for large oligosaccharide fragments of the ubiquitous plant polysaccharide xyloglucan (J. Larsbrink, A. Izumi, F. M. Ibatullin, A. Nakhai, H. J. Gilbert, G. J. Davies, H. Brumer, Biochem. J. 2011, 436, 567–580). In the present study, a combination of NMR spectroscopic techniques, including saturation transfer difference (STD) and transfer NOE (TR‐NOE) spectroscopy, was used to reveal extensive interactions between CjXyl31A active‐site variants and xyloglucan hexa‐ and heptasaccharides. The data specifically indicate that the enzyme recognizes the entire cello‐tetraosyl backbone of the substrate and product in positive enzyme subsites and makes further significant interactions with internal pendant α‐(1→6)‐linked xylosyl units. As such, the present analysis provides an important rationalization of previous kinetic data on CjXyl31A and unique insight into the role of the PA14 domain, which was not otherwise obtainable by protein crystallography.
Tautomerization in 2,7,12,17‐Tetraphenylporphycene and 9‐Amino‐2,7,12,17‐tetraphenylporphycene: Influence of Asymmetry on the Direction of the Transition Moment
Authors: Fita Piotr , Pszona Maria , Orzanowska Grażyna , Sánchez‐García David , Nonell Santi , Vauthey Eric , Waluk Jacek 
Published: September 2012

AbstractFemtosecond transient absorption anisotropy studies have been performed for two porphycenes of different symmetry. In 2,7,12,17‐tetraphenylporphycene, the chemical identity of two trans forms implies a change in the S0–S1 transition‐moment direction upon tautomerization. Exploiting this phenomenon, the rates of double hydrogen transfer in both the S0 and S1 states (1.4×1012 s−1 and 2.7×1011 s−1, respectively) have been determined by performing time‐resolved anisotropy studies. In the asymmetric 9‐amino‐2,7,12,17‐tetraphenylporphycene, tautomerization occurs with a similar rate in the ground state. In the S1 state, the reaction is hindered in its vibrationally relaxed form, but the excitation spectra suggest that it may occur for an unrelaxed molecule. Unlike all porphycenes that have been studied so far, 9‐amino‐2,7,12,17‐tetraphenylporphycene does not reveal significant changes in anisotropy owing to intramolecular double hydrogen transfer; rather, the transition‐moment directions are similar in the two tautomeric forms. Analysis of the molecular orbitals allows for an explanation of the “locking” of the transition moments: it is due to a large splitting of the two HOMO orbitals, which retain the order of their energies in the two tautomers.