bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nuclear magnetic resonance characterization of shallow marine sediments from the Nankai Trough, Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 333
Authors: Daigle Hugh , Thomas Brittney , Rowe Harry , Nieto Michael 
Published: March 2014

AbstractWe measured nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation times on samples from Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 333 Sites C0011, C0012, and C0018. We compared our results to permeability, grain size, and specific surface measurements, pore size distributions from mercury injection capillary pressure, and mineralogy from X‐ray fluorescence. We found that permeability could be predicted from NMR measurements by including grain size and specific surface to quantify pore networks and that grain size is the most important factor in relating NMR response to permeability. Samples within zones of anomalously high porosity from Sites C0011 and C0012 were found to have different NMR‐permeability relationships than samples from outside these zones, suggesting that the porosity anomaly is related to a fundamental difference in pore structure. We additionally estimated the size of paramagnetic sites that cause proton relaxation and found that in most of our samples, paramagnetic material is present mainly as discrete, clay‐sized grains. This distribution of paramagnetic material may cause pronounced heterogeneity in NMR properties at the pore scale that is not accounted for in most NMR interpretation techniques. Our results provide important insight into the microstructure of marine sediments in the Nankai Trough.
The climatic effects of modifying cirrus clouds in a climate engineering framework
Authors: Muri H. , Kristjánsson J. E. , Storelvmo T. , Pfeffer M. A. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe climatic effects of climate engineering—or geoengineering—via cirrus cloud thinning are examined. Thinner cirrus clouds can allow more outgoing longwave radiation to escape to space, potentially cooling the climate. The cloud properties and climatic effects due to perturbing the ice crystal fall speed are investigated in a set of hemispheric scale sensitivity experiments with the Community Earth System Model. It is found that increasing the ice crystal fall speed, as an analog to cirrus cloud seeding, depletes high‐level clouds and reduces the longwave cloud forcing. Deliberate depletion of cirrus clouds increases outgoing longwave radiation, reduces the upper tropospheric water vapor, and cools the climate. Global cirrus cloud thinning gave a net cloud forcing change of −1.55 W m−2 and a global annual mean temperature change of −0.94 K. Though there is negligible change in the global annual mean precipitation (−0.001 mm/d), the spatially nonhomogeneous forcing induces circulation changes and hence remote climate changes. Climate engineering the Southern Hemisphere only results in a northward shift of the Intertropical Convergence Zone and possible Sahelian drought alleviation, while targeting the Northern Hemisphere alone causes a greater cooling. It was found that targeting cirrus clouds everywhere outside of the tropics results in changes to the circulation and precipitation even in the nonclimate engineered regions, underscoring the risks of remote side effects and indeed the complexity of the climate system.
Ice surface morphology and flow on Malaspina Glacier, Alaska: Implications for regional tectonics in the Saint Elias orogen
Authors: Cotton Michelle M. , Bruhn Ronald L. , Sauber Jeanne , Burgess Evan , Forster Richard R. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe Saint Elias Mountains in southern Alaska are located at a structural syntaxis where the coastal thrust and fold belt of the Fairweather plate boundary intersects thrust faults and folds generated by collision of the Yakutat Terrane. The axial trace of this syntaxis extends southeastward out of the Saint Elias Mountains and beneath Malaspina Glacier where it is hidden from view and cannot be mapped using conventional methods. Here we examine the surface morphology and flow patterns of Malaspina Glacier to infer characteristics of the bedrock topography and organization of the syntaxis. Faults and folds beneath the eastern part of the glacier trend northwest and reflect dextral transpression near the terminus of the Fairweather fault system. Those beneath the western part of the glacier trend northeast and accommodate folding and thrust faulting during collision and accretion of the Yakutat Terrane. Mapping the location and geometry of the structural syntaxis provides important constraints on spatial variations in seismicity, fault kinematics, and crustal shortening beneath Malaspina Glacier, as well as the position of the collisional deformation front within the Yakutat Terrane. We also speculate that the geometrical complexity of intersecting faults within the syntaxis formed a barrier to rupture propagation during two regional Mw 8.1 earthquakes in September 1899.
Cobalt‐Embedded Nitrogen‐Rich Carbon Nanotubes Efficiently Catalyze Hydrogen Evolution Reaction at All pH Values
Authors: Zou Xiaoxin , Huang Xiaoxi , Goswami Anandarup , Silva Rafael , Sathe Bhaskar R. , Mikmeková Eliška , Asefa Tewodros 
Published: March 2014

AbstractDespite being technically possible, splitting water to generate hydrogen is still practically unfeasible due mainly to the lack of sustainable and efficient catalysts for the half reactions involved. Herein we report the synthesis of cobalt‐embedded nitrogen‐rich carbon nanotubes (NRCNTs) that 1) can efficiently electrocatalyze the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) with activities close to that of Pt and 2) function well under acidic, neutral or basic media alike, allowing them to be coupled with the best available oxygen‐evolving catalysts—which also play crucial roles in the overall water‐splitting reaction. The materials are synthesized by a simple, easily scalable synthetic route involving thermal treatment of Co2+‐embedded graphitic carbon nitride derived from inexpensive starting materials (dicyandiamide and CoCl2). The materials’ efficient catalytic activity is mainly attributed to their nitrogen dopants and concomitant structural defects.
Application of Fundamental Organometallic Chemistry to the Development of a Gold‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Sulfinate Derivatives
Authors: Johnson Miles W. , Bagley Scott W. , Mankad Neal P. , Bergman Robert G. , Mascitti Vincent , Toste F. Dean 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe development of a gold(I)‐catalyzed sulfination of aryl boronic acids is described. This transformation proceeds through an unprecedented mechanism which exploits the reactivity of gold(I)–heteroatom bonds to form sulfinate anions. Further in situ elaboration of the sulfinate intermediates leads to the corresponding sulfones and sulfonamides, two pharmacophores routinely encountered in drug discovery.
A Coumarin‐Labeled Vinyl Sulfone as Tripeptidomimetic Activity‐Based Probe for Cysteine Cathepsins
Authors: Mertens Matthias D. , Schmitz Janina , Horn Martin , Furtmann Norbert , Bajorath Jürgen , Mareš Michael , Gütschow Michael 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA coumarin‐tetrahydroquinoline hydride 8 was synthesized as a chemical tool for fluorescent labeling. The rigidified tricyclic coumarin structure was chosen for its suitable fluorescence properties. The connection of 8 with a vinyl sulfone building block was accomplished by convergent synthesis thereby leading to the coumarin‐based, tripeptidomimetic activity‐based probe 10, containing a Gly‐Phe‐Gly motif. Probe 10 was evaluated as inactivator of the therapeutically relevant human cysteine cathepsins S, L, K, and B: it showed particularly strong inactivation of cathepsin S. The detection of recombinant and native cathepsin S was demonstrated by applying 10 to in‐gel fluorescence imaging.
An Independent 1D Single‐Walled Metal–Organic Nanotube Transformed from a 2D Layer Exhibits Highly Selective and Reversible Sensing of Nitroaromatic Compounds
Authors: Zhang Qingfu , Geng Aijing , Zhang Haina , Hu Falu , Lu Zhang‐Hui , Sun Dezhi , Wei Xilian , Ma Chunlin 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe syntheses and structures of two new ZnII complexes, a 2D graphite‐like layer {[Zn(PIA)H2O]⋅H2O}n (1) and an independent 1D single‐walled metal–organic nanotube (SWMONT) {[Zn2(PIA)2(bpy)2]⋅2.5 H2O⋅DMA}n (2), have been reported based on a “Y”‐shaped 5‐(pyridine‐4‐yl)isophthalic acid ligand (H2PIA). Interestingly, the 2D graphite‐like layer in 1 can transform into the independent 1D SWMONT in 2 with addition of 2,2′‐bipyridine (bpy), which represents the first successfully experimental example of an independent 1D metal–organic nanotube generated from a 2D layer by a “rolling‐up” mechanism.
Substrate‐Oriented Nanorod Scaffolds in Polymer–Fullerene Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells
Authors: Ogawa Yuta , White Matthew S. , Sun Lina , Scharber Markus C. , Sariciftci Niyazi Serdar , Yoshida Tsukasa 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe use of a p‐type inorganic semiconductor to form a nanorod scaffold within a polymer‐fullerene bulk heterojunction solar cell is reported. The performance of this cell is compared to those made of the commonly used n‐type scaffold of ZnO, which has been reported many times in the literature. The scaffold is designed to improve charge‐carrier collection by increased mobility in thicker samples. Observations show that generally the device performance shows a negative correlation to nanorod length. By using CuSCN as a p‐type inorganic scaffold, a very similar trend is observed.
Probing Mass Transfer in Mesoporous Faujasite‐Type Zeolite Nanosheet Assemblies
Authors: Mehlhorn Dirk , Inayat Alexandra , Schwieger Wilhelm , Valiullin Rustem , Kärger Jörg 
Published: March 2014

AbstractPulsed field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) diffusion studies are performed by using cyclohexane to probe transport properties in a NaX‐type zeolite with a hierarchical pore structure (house‐of‐cards‐like assemblies of mesoporous nanosheets), which is compared with a purely microporous sample. With guest loadings chosen to ensure saturation of the micropores, and the meso‐ and macropores left essentially unoccupied, guest diffusion is shown to be enhanced by almost one order of magnitude, even at room temperature. Diffusivity enhancement is further increased with increasing temperature, which may, therefore, be unambiguously attributed to the contribution of mass transfer in the meso‐ and macropores.
High Extinction Coefficient Ru‐Sensitizers that Promote Hole Transfer on Nanocrystalline TiO2
Authors: Abrahamsson Maria , Hedberg Joachim H. J. , Becker Hans‐Christian , Staniszewski Aaron , Pearson Wayne H. , Heuer William B. , Meyer Gerald J. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractTwo series of RuII polypyridyl compounds with formulas [(bpy)2RuL](PF6)2 and [(deeb)2RuL](PF6)2, where bpy is 2,2′‐bipyridine, deeb is 4,4′‐diethylester‐2,2′‐bpy, and L is one of several substituted 9′‐(1,3‐dithiole‐2‐ylidene)‐4′,5′‐diazafluorene ligands, were studied as potential photosensitizers for TiO2. These compounds possess notably high extinction coefficients (≥40 000 M−1 cm−1 @470 nm) which are shown by time‐dependent density functional theory (TD‐DFT) calculations to result from overlapping metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer (MLCT) and ligand‐localized transitions. Low‐temperature absorption and photoluminescence measurements were suggestive of a short‐lived MLCT excited state. When adsorbed onto TiO2 thin films, both the free ligands (L) and their corresponding [(deeb)2RuL]2+ complexes exhibited rapid excited‐state electron injection into TiO2; in the case of the complexes, this was followed by rapid (k>108 s−1) hole transfer from RuIII to the 1,3‐dithiole ring of the L ligand. Observation of diffusion‐limited reductive quenching of the [Ru(bpz)3]2+* (bpz is 2,2′‐bipyrazine) excited state by the L ligands in solution supported the occurrence of intramolecular hole transfer following electron injection by the TiO2‐anchored complexes.
Pt Nanocatalysts Supported on Reduced Graphene Oxide for Selective Conversion of Cellulose or Cellobiose to Sorbitol
Authors: Wang Ding , Niu Wenqi , Tan Minghui , Wu Mingbo , Zheng Xuejun , Li Yanpeng , Tsubaki Noritatsu 
Published: March 2014

AbstractPt nanocatalysts loaded on reduced graphene oxide (Pt/RGO) were prepared by means of a convenient microwave‐assisted reduction approach with ethylene glycol as reductant. The conversion of cellulose or cellobiose into sorbitol was used as an application reaction to investigate their catalytic performance. Various metal nanocatalysts loaded on RGO were compared and RGO‐supported Pt exhibited the highest catalytic activity with 91.5 % of sorbitol yield from cellobiose. The catalytic performances of Pt nanocatalysts supported on different carbon materials or on silica support were also compared. The results showed that RGO was the best catalyst support, and the yield of sorbitol was as high as 91.5 % from cellobiose and 58.9 % from cellulose, respectively. The improvement of catalytic activity was attributed to the appropriate Pt particle size and hydrogen spillover effect of Pt/RGO catalyst. Interestingly, the size and dispersion of supported Pt particles could be easily regulated by convenient adjustment of the microwave heating temperature. The catalytic performance was found to initially increase and then decrease with increasing particle size. The optimum Pt particle size was 3.6 nm. These findings may offer useful guidelines for designing novel catalysts with beneficial catalytic performance for biomass conversion.
Fundamentals of the frying process*
Authors: Gertz Christian 
Published: March 2014

Considerable interest has been developed over the years in optimizing the frying process. This approach has resulted in a better understanding of the process as a system: oil, food, fryer, and the operation in general. The frying‐process is a complex system depending on the extent of chemical reactions like oxidation, polymerisation, and hydrolysis where the physical and chemical properties of the heated fat are altering. It is difficult to estimate the extent of influence of each factor and to keep the frying conditions at an optimum level. The practical and theoretical aspects of deep‐frying such as oil‐uptake, mechanism of heat and mass‐transfer, and some analytical aspects to monitor the fat degradation are discussed.Practical applications: Deep‐frying involves close contact between the oil used and the food to be fried. The used oil becomes part of the food and contributes to the flavor, appearance, texture, shelf life, and nutritional value of the final product. A better understanding of the frying process is needed to produce fried products in a more economical way with an optimum flavor and a better shelf‐life.
Comparison of Arkray/ELITech ADAMS HA‐8180V® with Bio‐Rad Variant,TMII Turbo2.0® and Tosoh Bioscience HLC®‐723G8 for HbA1c Determination
Authors: Badiou Stéphanie , Guillot Julie , Kuster Nils , Bargnoux Anne‐Sophie , Aguilar‐Martinez Patricia , Boissier Elodie , Cristol Jean‐Paul , Dupuy Anne‐Marie 
Published: March 2014

ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate a new ion‐exchange HPLC system to measure hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in comparison to two other widely used HPLC systems.MethodsAnalytical performance and hemoglobin variants detection was assessed on the new Arkray/ELITech ADAMS HA‐8180V®, in parallel to Bio‐Rad VariantTMII Turbo2.0® and Tosoh Bioscience HLC®‐723G8. A method comparison and concordance for the classification of patients according to the American Diabetes Association (ADA) categories was performed using kappa test.ResultsADAMS HA‐8180V® demonstrated excellent within‐run imprecision (0%) and between‐run imprecision: ≤1.21% using blood sample and ≤0.94% using quality controls. Method comparison of ADAMS HA‐8180V® with the two other systems yielded very high coefficient correlation (r > 0.995). A very good agreement (kappa value ≥0.81) was observed between methods for the classification of patients according to the ADA categories. In addition, all systems were able to detect the presence of most classical variants such as HbC, HbS, HbD, and HbE.ConclusionThe Arkray/ELITech ADAMS HA‐8180V® demonstrated high analytical performance similar to previous systems such as BioradTMVariant II Turbo 2.0® and Tosoh Bioscience HLC®‐723G8. The three systems allow a high‐quality HbA1c measurement and appeared interchangeable for diabetes diagnosis or for the therapeutic monitoring of patients without hemoglobin variants.
Association Between SRC‐1 Gene Polymorphisms and Coronary Artery Aneurysms Formation in Taiwanese Children With Kawasaki Disease
Authors: Chen Yng‐Tay , Liao Wen‐Lin , Lin Ying‐Ju , Chen Shih‐Yin , Tsai Fuu‐Jen 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundKawasaki disease (KD) patients who experience a cardiovascular complication known as a coronary artery aneurysm (CAA) are at high risk of developing ischemic heart disease, which may lead to sudden death. The etiology of CAA in KD patients is unclear, and this study aims to clarify the relationship between steroid receptor coactivator‐1 (SRC‐1) gene polymorphisms and CAA pathogenesis.MethodsWe investigated four SRC‐1 gene polymorphisms (rs11894248, rs17791703, rs7572475, and rs9309308) and their correlation with KD with CAA susceptibility in 327 Taiwanese people (279 KD patients without CAA and 48 KD patients with CAA).ResultsThe results indicated a statistically significant difference in genotype and allele frequency distributions at the SRC‐1 four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) between KD patients with and without CAA (P < 0.01). Additionally, Smad3 gene polymorphism (rs12901071) is well known to be associated with KD patients. In our results, Smad3 SNP did not provide a statistically significant difference between KD patients with and without CAA.ConclusionOur data show that SRC‐1 polymorphisms may be the underlying cause of CAA; therefore, the polymorphisms examined in this study warrant further investigation.
CORRUPTION AND THE EFFICIENCY OF CAPITAL INVESTMENT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Authors: O'Toole Conor M. , Tarp Finn 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis paper tests the effect of corruption on the efficiency of capital investment. Using firm‐level data from the World Bank Enterprise Surveys, covering 90 developing and transition economies, we consider whether the cost of informal bribe payments distorts the efficient allocation of capital by reducing the marginal return per unit investment. Controlling for censoring and endogeneity, we find that bribery decreases investment efficiency. The negative effect is strongest for domestic small‐sized and medium‐sized enterprises. We conclude that reducing the level and incidence of bribery by public officials would facilitate a more efficient allocation of capital. © 2014 The Authors. Journal of International Development published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Synthesis of thinned concentric ring array antenna in predefined phi‐planes using binary firefly and binary particle swarm optimization algorithm
Authors: Chatterjee Anirban , Mahanti G. K. , Mahanti Ananya 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA binary firefly algorithm inspired by the behavior of artificial fireflies has been applied to thin a planar concentric ring array antenna to minimize the peak sidelobe level in a number of predefined ϕ‐planes. Two different cases comprising two different design specifications for the optimized thinned array have been considered. In the first case, the array is thinned to reduce the peak sidelobe level while keeping the first null beamwidth and half power beamwidth of the array below their specified values in all the defined ϕ‐planes. In the second case, peak sidelobe level of the array is reduced regardless of any pre‐specified values of first null beamwidth and half power beamwidth. To illustrate the superiority of binary firefly algorithm, the thinning of the array for the two different cases has been compared with binary particle swarm optimization algorithm. Results clearly show the superiority of binary firefly algorithm in finding optimum solutions for both cases. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antiproliferative and immunostimulatory activity of a protein from Pleurotus eryngii
Authors: Mariga Alfred Mugambi , Yang Wen‐jian , Mugambi Dorothy Kemuma , Pei Fei , Zhao Li‐yan , Shao Ya‐ni , Hu Qiuhui 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDCurrently, the use of mushrooms as functional foods, nutraceuticals or phytopharmaceuticals source has risen. In contrast, the possible cellular cytotoxicity and immunostimulatory activity of Pleurotus eryngii (DC. ex Fr.) Quel protein (PEQP) is unknown. Here we report extraction, anti‐tumorigenic and immunostimulatory activity of PEQP in vitro.RESULTSPEQP was extracted from the dried fruiting bodies of P. eryngii, purified and characterised. Its in vitro antiproliferative activity was then evaluated in human non‐small cell lung cancer A549 (NSCLC), stomach adenocarcinoma BGC‐823, hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 and gastric carcinoma HGC‐27 cell lines using conventional cancer drugs (paclitaxel, doxorubicin and mitomycin C) as positive controls. The protein fractions (PEQP 1, 2, 3 and 4) obtained inhibited tumour cell proliferation dose‐dependently with fraction PEQP 2 having significant (P < 0.05) toxicity in all tumour cells. PEQP had no significant toxicity on normal liver Chang cells but their proliferation was significantly inhibited by mitomycin C. Moreover, PEQP stimulated the proliferation, lysosomal enzyme activity, pinocytosis, nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide production of RAW 264.7 cell lines dose‐dependently.CONCLUSIONBased on these results, P. eryngii protein has a potential application in functional foods as a natural anti‐tumour agent with immunostimulatory activity. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of fermentation on antioxidant properties and phytochemical composition of soy germ
Authors: Sheih I‐Chuan , Fang Tony J , Wu Tung‐Kung , Chen Ru‐Yin 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDTraditional soy‐fermented foods, such as miso, douche, natto, and tempeh have been widely used as a dietary supplement in Asian countries, and numerous reports on their phenolics and antioxidant activities have been published. Soy germ contains 10‐fold higher phenolics than whole soybean, hence using soy germ as fermentation substrate will be more efficient than whole soybean.RESULTSSoy germ fermented with Aspergillus niger M46 resulted in a high‐efficiency bio‐transformation of phenolics and flavonoids to their metabolites, and a diverse secondary metabolic product was also found to response oxidation stress of fungal colonisation. Its antioxidant activity against hydroxyl radicals and superoxide radicals (IC50 = 0.8 and 6.15 µg mL−1, respectively) was about 205‐fold and 47‐fold higher than those of unfermented soy germ (IC50 = 164.0 and 290.48 µg mL−1), respectively. These results were similar to those observed for Trolox, and more active than those of BHT and hesperidin. The β‐glucosidase and α‐amylase produced during fermentation were mainly responsible for mobilisation of the phenolics.CONCLUSIONOur results demonstrate that fermented soy germ has the potential to be a good dietary supplement for prevention of oxidative stress‐related diseases, and the solid‐state bioprocessing strategy could be an innovative approach to enhance the antioxidant activity of soy germ. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry