bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulatory T Cells Shape the Resident Memory T Cell Response to Virus Infection in the Tissues
Authors: Graham Jessica B. , Da Costa Andreia , Lund Jennifer M. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are well known for their role in dampening the immune responses to self-Ags and, thereby, limiting autoimmunity. However, they also must permit immune responses to occur against foreign infectious agents. Using a mouse model of West Nile virus infection, we examined the role of Tregs in the generation of effector and memory T cell responses in the secondary lymphoid organs, as well as the infected tissues. We found that Treg numbers and activation increased in both the secondary lymphoid organs and CNS postinfection. Using Foxp3DTR knock-in mice, we found that Treg-deficient mice had increased Ag-driven production of IFN-γ from both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the spleen and CNS during the effector phase. In mice lacking Tregs, there were greater numbers of short-lived effector CD8+ T cells in the spleen during the peak of the immune response, but the memory CD8+ T cell response was impaired. Specifically, we demonstrate that Treg-dependent production of TGF-β results in increased expression of CD103 on CD8+ T cells, thereby allowing for a large pool of resident memory T cells to be maintained in the brain postinfection.
Membrane Transfer from Tumor Cells Overcomes Deficient Phagocytic Ability of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells for the Acquisition and Presentation of Tumor Antigens
Authors: Bonaccorsi Irene , Morandi Barbara , Antsiferova Olga , Costa Gregorio , Oliveri Daniela , Conte Romana , Pezzino Gaetana , Vermiglio Giovanna , Anastasi Giuseppe Pio , Navarra Giuseppe , Münz Christian , Di Carlo Emma , Mingari Maria Cristina , Ferlazzo Guido 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe potential contribution of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) in the presentation of tumor cell Ags remains unclear, and some controversies exist with regard to the ability of pDCs to phagocytose cell-derived particulate Ags and cross-present them to MHC class I–restricted T lymphocytes. In this study, we show that human pDCs, although inefficient in the internalization of cell membrane fragments by phagocytosis, can efficiently acquire membrane patches and associated molecules from cancer cells of different histotypes. The transfer of membrane patches to pDCs occurred in a very short time and required cell-to-cell contact. Membrane transfer also included intact HLA complexes, and the acquired Ags could be efficiently recognized on pDCs by tumor-specific CD8+ T cells. Remarkably, pDCs isolated from human colon cancer tissues displayed a strong surface expression of epithelial cell adhesion molecule, indicating that the exchange of exogenous Ags between pDCs and tumor cells also can occur in vivo. These data demonstrate that pDCs are well suited to acquire membrane patches from contiguous tumor cells by a cell-to-cell contact–dependent mechanism that closely resembles “trogocytosis.” This phenomenon may allow pDCs to proficiently present tumor cell–derived Ags, despite limited properties of endophagocytosis.
GM-CSF Modulates Autoantibody Production and Skin Blistering in Experimental Epidermolysis Bullosa Acquisita
Authors: Samavedam Unni Krishna S. R. L. , Iwata Hiroaki , Müller Susen , Schulze Franziska S. , Recke Andreas , Schmidt Enno , Zillikens Detlef , Ludwig Ralf J. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
GM-CSF activates hematopoietic cells and recruits neutrophils and macrophages to sites of inflammation. Inhibition of GM-CSF attenuates disease activity in models of chronic inflammatory disease. Effects of GM-CSF blockade were linked to modulation of the effector phase, whereas effects on early pathogenic events, for example, Ab production, have not been identified. To evaluate yet uncharacterized effects of GM-CSF on early pathogenic events in chronic inflammation, we employed immunization-induced epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA), an autoimmune bullous disease caused by autoantibodies to type VII collagen. Compared to wild-type mice, upon immunization, GM-CSF−/− mice produced lower serum autoantibody titers, which were associated with reduced neutrophil numbers in draining lymph nodes. The same effect was observed in neutrophil-depleted wild-type mice. Neutrophil depletion in GM-CSF−/− mice led to a stronger inhibition, indicating that GM-CSF and neutrophils have additive functions. To characterize the contribution of GM-CSF specifically in the effector phase of EBA, disease was induced by transfer of anti–type VII collagen IgG into mice. We observed an increased GM-CSF expression, and GM-CSF blockade reduced skin blistering. Additionally, GM-CSF enhanced reactive oxygen species release and neutrophil migration in vitro. In immunization-induced murine EBA, treatment with anti–GM-CSF had a beneficial effect on established disease. We demonstrate that GM-CSF modulates both autoantibody production and skin blistering in a prototypical organ-specific autoimmune disease.
Identification of a Unique Hybrid Macrophage-Polarization State following Recovery from Lipopolysaccharide Tolerance
Authors: O’Carroll Christine , Fagan Ailís , Shanahan Fergus , Carmody Ruaidhrí J. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
LPS tolerance is an essential immune-homeostatic response to repeated exposure to LPS that prevents excessive inflammatory responses. LPS tolerance induces a state of altered responsiveness in macrophages, resulting in repression of proinflammatory gene expression and increased expression of factors that mediate the resolution of inflammation. In this study, we analyzed the transcriptional plasticity of macrophages following LPS tolerance using genome-wide transcriptional profiling. We demonstrate that LPS tolerance is a transient state and that the expression of proinflammatory genes is restored to levels comparable to the acute response to LPS. However, following recovery from LPS tolerance a number of genes remained locked in a tolerizable state, including IL-33, CD86, IL-10, and NFIL3. Furthermore, we identified of a number of genes uniquely induced following recovery from LPS tolerance. Thus, macrophages adopt a unique transcriptional profile following recovery from LPS tolerance and have a distinct expression pattern of regulators of Ag presentation, antiviral responses, and transcription factors. Our data suggest that recovery from LPS tolerance leads to a hybrid macrophage activation state that is proinflammatory and microbicidal in nature but that possesses a regulatory anti-inflammatory profile distinct from that of LPS-tolerant and LPS-activated macrophages.
Seasonal Variation in Flammability Characteristics of Quercus marilandica and Quercus stellata Leaf Litter Burned in the Laboratory
Authors: Weir John R. , Limb Ryan F. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractHistorically, the Cross Timbers forest of Oklahoma, Kansas, and Texas burned frequently. Fire managers in the region often have varied success when conducting prescribed fires, with one hypothesis being that fuel quality varies with litter age. This study was designed to determine the time-since-leaf-fall flammability characteristics of the two dominant tree species in the Cross Timbers, Quercus marilandica and Q. stellata. Principal components analysis indicated that the burn characteristics of both species are strongly influenced by time since the onset of leaf fall. The percent consumption of leaf litter and flame time of the two species began to diverge at 123 days after leaf fall and continued throughout the remainder of the study. There was no difference between the other flammability characteristics of ember time, total burn time, average temperature, and maximum temperature. Fuel consumption and fire behavior in hardwood leaf litter fuels can vary considerably, possibly as result of fuel mass loss from decomposition, which may due to a loss of flammable material. Our results show that the longer the time period from leaf fall to burn, the greater the change in burn characteristics of these two Quercus species. By identifying these similarities and differences between the leaf litter of dominant tree species, fire managers can adjust fire prescriptions to better meet burn objectives.
The Professionalization of the Field of Education in Sweden: A Historical Analysis
Authors: Nilsson-Lindström Margareta , Beach Dennis 
Published: December 2013

This article analyses the professionalization of the education field in Sweden from a historical perspective by tracing efforts towards professionalization of teaching from a clerically consecrated to a scientifically grounded praxis. Some of these efforts seem to be fairly typical for welfare states like Sweden. However, others are more unique, such as the state ambition to create a unified teacher profession based on a scientific knowledge base across elementary and grammar school teacher categories. This ambition failed. Some reasons are speculatively discussed primarily from a Bourdieuan perspective in terms of different teacher habitus, education capital and professionalization strategies among teachers in different positions in the field of education. Primary and secondary data sources are used but National Policy Documents have formed the main data source.
Application of spectral analysis techniques in the intercomparison of aerosol data. Part II: Using maximum covariance analysis to effectively compare spatiotemporal variability of satellite and AERONET measured aerosol optical depth
Authors: Li Jing , Carlson Barbara E. , Lacis Andrew A. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractModerate Resolution Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MODIS) and Multi‐angle Imaging Spectroradiomater (MISR) provide regular aerosol observations with global coverage. It is essential to examine the coherency between space‐ and ground‐measured aerosol parameters in representing aerosol spatial and temporal variability, especially in the climate forcing and model validation context. In this paper, we introduce Maximum Covariance Analysis (MCA), also known as Singular Value Decomposition analysis as an effective way to compare correlated aerosol spatial and temporal patterns between satellite measurements and AERONET data. This technique not only successfully extracts the variability of major aerosol regimes but also allows the simultaneous examination of the aerosol variability both spatially and temporally. More importantly, it well accommodates the sparsely distributed AERONET data, for which other spectral decomposition methods, such as Principal Component Analysis, do not yield satisfactory results. The comparison shows overall good agreement between MODIS/MISR and AERONET AOD variability. The correlations between the first three modes of MCA results for both MODIS/AERONET and MISR/AERONET are above 0.8 for the full data set and above 0.75 for the AOD anomaly data. The correlations between MODIS and MISR modes are also quite high (> 0.9). We also examine the extent of spatial agreement between satellite and AERONET AOD data at the selected stations. Some sites with disagreements in the MCA results, such as Kanpur, also have low spatial coherency. This should be associated partly with high AOD spatial variability and partly with uncertainties in satellite retrievals due to the seasonally varying aerosol types and surface properties.
Experimental investigations on the potential of SDS as low‐dosage promoter for carbon dioxide hydrate formation
Authors: Partoon Behzad , Malik Siti Nurmala A. , Azemi M. Hazim , Sabil Khalik M. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTA laboratory‐scale batch reactor is built and operated to study the kinetic of formation of carbon dioxide hydrate in deionized water and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) solutions. In this experimental work, the formation of carbon dioxide hydrate in deionized water (18 Ω) is investigated at fixed temperature of 273.65 K and different pressures of 20, 25, 30, and 35 bar, respectively. The formation of carbon dioxide hydrate in SDS solutions is investigated by using various concentrations of SDS up to 3000 ppm at temperature of 273.65 K and 35 bar. For carbon dioxide hydrate, the induction time decreases with the increase of initial carbon dioxide pressure because of the increase of subcooling and driving force in the system. Moreover, experimental results show that the addition of SDS reduces the induction time required for hydrate formation and significantly increases the carbon dioxide uptake, and these effects are concentration dependent. Furthermore, the addition of SDS in the hydrate‐forming systems has been shown to improve the apparent rate constant of the system. These results show that SDS shows a good promise to be used as low‐dosage hydrate promoter to improve the efficiency of gas hydrate‐based processes. © 2013 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gut Permeability in Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Dalton Neil , Chandler Susie , Turner Charles , Charman Tony , Pickles Andrew , Loucas Tom , Simonoff Emily , Sullivan Peter , Baird Gillian 
Published: December 2013

ObjectiveTo test whether gut permeability is increased in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) by evaluating gut permeability in a population‐derived cohort of children with ASD compared with age‐ and intelligence quotient‐matched controls without ASD but with special educational needs (SEN).Patients and MethodsOne hundred thirty‐three children aged 10–14 years, 103 with ASD and 30 with SEN, were given an oral test dose of mannitol and lactulose and urine collected for 6 hr. Gut permeability was assessed by measuring the urine lactulose/mannitol (L/M) recovery ratio by electrospray mass spectrometry‐mass spectrometry. The ASD group was subcategorized for comparison into those without (n = 83) and with (n = 20) regression.ResultsThere was no significant difference in L/M recovery ratio (mean (95% confidence interval)) between the groups with ASD: 0.015 (0.013–0.018), and SEN: 0.014 (0.009–0.019), nor in lactulose, mannitol, or creatinine recovery. No significant differences were observed in any parameter for the regressed versus non‐regressed ASD groups. Results were consistent with previously published normal ranges. Eleven children (9/103 = 8.7% ASD and 2/30 = 6.7% SEN) had L/M recovery ratio > 0.03 (the accepted normal range cut‐off), of whom two (one ASD and one SEN) had more definitely pathological L/M recovery ratios > 0.04.ConclusionThere is no statistically significant group difference in small intestine permeability in a population cohort‐derived group of children with ASD compared with a control group with SEN. Of the two children (one ASD and one SEN) with an L/M recovery ratio of > 0.04, one had undiagnosed asymptomatic celiac disease (ASD) and the other (SEN) past extensive surgery for gastroschisis. Autism Res 2014, 7: 305–313. © 2013 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparative techno‐economic analysis and reviews of n‐butanol production from corn grain and corn stover
Authors: Tao Ling , He Xin , Tan Eric C. D. , Zhang Min , Aden Andy 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThis work presents a detailed review and comparative analysis of the process design and economics of n‐butanol production using corn grain and corn stover. This includes reviewing the most recent n‐butanol technologies; demonstrating the impact of key parameters (e.g. plant capacity, raw material pricing, yield) on the overall n‐butanol process economics; and comparing how cellulosic biomass conversion technologies and challenges differ from traditional sugar‐based n‐butanol conversion technology. A major challenge of n‐butanol production is the low n‐butanol yield (compared to ethanol), resulting in higher production costs. However, recent research efforts have achieved significant yield improvements using a combination of genetic engineering, fermentation techniques, and integrated process development using continuous fermentation with online stripping to remove n‐butanol during fermentation. This study presents the advances in n‐butanol research for both sugar‐based (corn) and cellulosic (corn stover) feedstocks, and also provides a comparison of overall process technologies and process economics. In addition, the results of a sensitivity analysis comparing various technologies, sugar yields, and coproduct distributions are discussed in order to provide research guidance. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Nanoelectronic impedance detection of target cells
Authors: Esfandyarpour Rahim , Javanmard Mehdi , Koochak Zahra , Harris James S. , Davis Ronald W. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTDetection of cells is typically performed using optical fluorescence based techniques such as flow cytometry. Here we present the impedance detection of target cells using a nanoelectronic probe we have developed, which we refer to as the nanoneedle biosensor. The nanoneedle consists of a thin film conducting electrode layer at the bottom, an insulative oxide layer above, another conductive electrode layer above, and a protective oxide above. The electrical impedance is measured between the two electrode layers. Cells captured on the surface of the nanoneedle tip results in a decrease in the impedance across the sensing electrodes. The basic mechanisms behind the electrical response of cells in solution under an applied alternating electrical field stems from modulation of the relative permittivity at the interface. In this paper we discuss, the circuit model, the nanofabrication, and the testing and characterization of the sensor. We demonstrate proof of concept for detection of yeast cells with specificity. We envision the sensor presented in this paper to be combined with microfluidic pre‐concentration technologies to develop low cost point‐of‐care diagnostic assays for the clinical setting. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014;111: 1161–1169. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Structural Basis for Antimicrobial Activity of Lasiocepsin
Authors: Monincová Lenka , Buděšínský Milos , Čujová Sabina , Čeřovský Václav , Veverka Václav 
Published: December 2013

AbstractLasiocepsin is a unique 27‐residue antimicrobial peptide, isolated from Lasioglossum laticeps (wild bee) venom, with substantial antibacterial and antifungal activity. It adopts a welldefined structure consisting of two α‐helices linked by a structured loop. Its basic residues form two distinct positively charged regions on the surface whereas aliphatic side chains contribute to solvent‐accessible hydrophobic areas, thus emphasising the amphipathic character of the molecule. Lasiocepsin structurally belongs to the ShK family and shows a strong preference for anionic phospholipids; this is further augmented by increasing concentrations of cardiolipin, such as those found at the poles of bacterial cells. The membrane‐permeabilising activity of the peptide is not limited to outer membranes of Gram‐negative bacteria. The peptide interacts with phospholipids initially through its N terminus, and its degree of penetration is strongly dependent on the presence of cardiolipin.
Carbonate‐Promoted Catalytic Activity of Potassium Cations for Soot Combustion by Gaseous Oxygen
Authors: Ogura Masaru , Kimura Riichiro , Ushiyama Hiroshi , Nikaido Fumiya , Yamashita Koichi , Okubo Tatsuya 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe possible mechanism of soot combustion catalyzed by potassium carbonate loaded on aluminosilicate was elucidated to understand the surface reaction in solid–solid–gas triphasic catalysis. Potassium species on aluminosilicate showed high catalytic performance for the oxidation of carbon black by gaseous oxygen. Aluminosilicate helped in stabilizing the alkali cation on the surface. The carbonate ion played a critical role in enhancing the catalytic performance by acting as a supplier of active electrons to gaseous oxygen. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the essential role of carbonate on the catalytic activity of an alkali cation for an oxidation reaction, although carbonate (carbon dioxide) is widely recognized to hinder the catalytic performance of the alkali compound for base‐catalyzed reactions.
Modulable and Highly Diastereoselective Carbometalations of Cyclopropenes
Authors: Didier Dorian , Delaye Pierre‐Olivier , Simaan Marwan , Island Biana , Eppe Guillaume , Eijsberg Hendrik , Kleiner Amir , Knochel Paul , Marek Ilan 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe copper‐catalyzed carbomagnesiation reaction of cyclopropenyl esters 1 leads to various substituted cyclopropanes species 3 in good yields with very high diastereoselectivities. The reaction proceeds through a syn‐chelated carbomagnesiation reaction and could be extended to various cyclopropenylmethyl ester derivatives 5. The potential of this approach was illustrated by the preparation of two consecutive all‐carbon quaternary stereocenters. However, the carbometalation reaction needs to be performed at temperature ranging from −35 to −20 °C to avoid subsequent fragmentation reaction into stereodefined β,γ‐nonconjugated unsaturated esters 4. Alternatively, the carbocupration reaction with organocopper species could also be performed to leads to configurationally stable cyclopropyl copper species 2[Cu]. Additionally, when the Lewis acid character of the copper center is decreased (i.e., RCuCNLi), the reaction proceed with an anti‐selectivity. The diastereodivergent behavior of these organometallic species is of synthetic interest, since both diastereomers syn‐3 and anti‐3 can be obtained, at will, from the same precursor cyclopropenyl esters 1.
Ti‐Catalyzed Straightforward Synthesis of Exocyclic Allenes
Authors: Muñoz‐Bascón Juan , Hernández‐Cervantes Carmen , Padial Natalia M. , Álvarez‐Corral Míriam , Rosales Antonio , Rodríguez‐García Ignacio , Oltra J. Enrique 
Published: December 2013

AbstractExocyclic allenes constitute useful building blocks in organic synthesis and have recently been identified as key intermediates in the synthesis of natural products. Here the first general method for the most straightforward synthesis of exocyclic allenes reported to date is presented. This method is based on the Barbier‐type cyclization of propargyl halides catalyzed by titanium; a safe, abundant, and ecofriendly metal. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions compatible with different functional groups and provides good yields of five‐, six‐, and seven‐membered carbocycles and nitrogen‐containing heterocycles bearing an exocyclic allene group. Experimental evidence supporting the proposed reaction mechanism is also provided. Moreover, this procedure can be carried out in an enantioselective manner by using chiral titanocene(III) catalysts. The utility of this method has been proved in the synthesis of the natural alkaloid stemoamide.
ChemInform Abstract: Tetrayttrium Difluoride Disilicate Orthosilicate, Y4F2[Si2O7][SiO4].
Authors: Schaefer Marion C. , Hartenbach Ingo , Schleid Thomas 
Published: December 2013

AbstractColorless lath‐shaped single crystals of the title compound are obtained from a melt of Y2O3, YF3, and SiO2 (2:5:3 molar ratio) using CsCl as a flux (evacuated silica tube, 973 K, 9 d, 10 K/h cooling rate).
ChemInform Abstract: Temperature Initiated P‐Polymerization in Solid [Cd3Cu]CuP10.
Authors: Bawohl Melanie , Schmidt Peer , Nilges Tom 
Published: December 2013

AbstractHeat treatment of solid [Cd3Cu]CuP10 in evacuated silica ampules at 500 °C for 4 d leads to the formation of Cd15Cu10P46, which contains [P6] rings and tubular [P26] polymer units.
ChemInform Abstract: First‐Principles Study on the Structure, Elastic Properties, Hardness and Electronic Structure of TMB4 (TM: Cr, Re, Ru and Os) Compounds.
Authors: Pan Y. , Zheng W. T. , Guan W. M. , Zhang K. H. , Fan X. F. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe transition metal borides of title are characterized by first‐principles DFT calculations.