bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oxidative stress in bisphosphonate‐related osteonecrosis of the jaws
Authors: Bagan Jose , Sáez Guillermo T. , Tormos M. Carmen , Gavalda‐Esteve Carmen , Bagan Leticia , Leopoldo‐Rodado Manuel , Calvo Javier , Camps Carlos 
Published: January 2014

ObjectivesTo analyze whether oxidative stress (OS) changes are present in patients with bisphosphonate‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) versus controls.Materials and MethodsOxidative stress was analyzed in serum and unstimulated saliva of three groups: Group 1 consisted of 24 patients who had been treated with intravenous bisphosphonates (ivBPs) and developed BRONJ, group 2 consisted of 20 patients who had received ivBPs and did not develop BRONJ, and group 3 comprised 17 control subjects. Reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and 8–oxo‐7,8‐dihydro‐2‐deoxyguanosine (8‐oxo‐dG) levels, as well as the GSSG/GSH ratio, were measured.ResultsMean serum and saliva levels of MDA, GSSG, and 8‐oxo‐dG and the GSSG/GSH ratio were significantly higher in patients with BRONJ than in controls. We found no significant difference in OS according to BRONJ stage, sex, or location in the jaws. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the GSSG/GSH ratio was a significant factor predicting the development of BRONJ (P = 0.01).ConclusionsOxidative stress was detected in patients with BRONJ, and the GSSG/GSH ratio was the most significant OS variable found; it was a significant factor predicting the development of BRONJ.
MCM3 could be a better marker than Ki‐67 for evaluation of dysplastic oral lesions: an immunohistochemical study
Authors: Lameira Aladim Gomes , Pontes Flávia Sirotheau Corrêa , Guimarães Douglas Magno , Alves Ana Carolina Garcia , de Jesus Adriana Souza , Pontes Hélder Antônio Rebelo , Pinto Décio dos Santos 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to identify the expression of MCM3, Ki‐67 and p27 in normal mucosa, leucoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and determine whether altered expression could serve as a prognostic marker of a malignant progression of dysplastic lesions.MethodsThe samples were collected from 37 patients with oral leucoplakia (13 with mild dysplasia – MLD, 12 with moderate dysplasia – MD and 12 with severe dysplasia – SD). Eleven samples of mouth floor mucocele (M) and 50 floor mouth and tongue samples OSCC of untreated patients were included in this study. Immunohistochemical expression of MCM3, Ki‐67 and p27 of all the groups was analysed. Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn's test were used to determine differences among groups, and a Pearson's correlation test was used to evaluate the correlation between the proteins.ResultsKi‐67 expression was higher in OSCC than M (P < 0.001) and MLD (P < 0.01) groups, and there was a lower expression in M compared with MD and SD (P < 0.05). Regarding p27, its expression was lower in OSCC compared with M, MD and SD. MCM3 expression was lower in M compared with SD and OSCC (P < 0.001), and MLD showed a lower expression when compared SD (P < 0.01) and OSCC (P < 0.001). Moreover, a better correlation was observed between the proteins MCM3 and p27 than between Ki‐67 and p27 proteins when all lesions were examined together.ConclusionsThis study showed that MCM3 could be a better marker than Ki‐67 for evaluation of dysplastic oral lesions.
Correlation of ALDH1, CD44, OCT4 and SOX2 in tongue squamous cell carcinoma and their association with disease progression and prognosis
Authors: Huang Cong‐Fa , Xu Xiao‐Rong , Wu Tian‐Fu , Sun Zhi‐Jun , Zhang Wen‐Feng 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundRecently, studies indicated that cancer stem cell plays a key role in cancer development and progression. However, the role of cancer stem cell has not been well elucidated in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC). The objective of this study was to investigate the relationships between the expressions of stem cell markers and the prognosis of TSCC.Materials and methodsImmunohistochemistry was employed to analyse the protein expression levels of ALDH1, CD44, OCT4 and SOX2 in 66 TSCC tissue samples. The results were then evaluated semiquantitatively and compared with other clinicopathological variables.ResultsImmunohistochemistry revealed that the ALDH1, CD44, OCT4 and SOX2 proteins were overexpressed in the 66 TSCC specimens used in this study. Spearman's correlation analysis showed that the expressions of ALDH1 and CD44 were significantly correlated with SOX2 except other proteins (P < 0.05) and that OCT4 and SOX2 were significantly related (P < 0.01). Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed that T category, node metastasis, TNM stage, differentiation and distant metastasis were associated with poor patient survival (P < 0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that SOX2, recurrence and distant metastasis were independent prognostic factors of overall survival in patients with TSCC.ConclusionTaken together, these data suggest that the stem cell markers ALDH1, CD44, OCT4 and SOX2 are closely related in TSCC, and the expression of SOX2 can be used as a prognostic indicator of TSCC.
Prosecutorial Retention: Signaling by Trial
Authors: BANDYOPADHYAY SIDDHARTHA , McCANNON BRYAN C. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWe examine how retention motives affect prosecutor behavior under different evaluation criteria. In particular, we analyze how prosecutors of differing capabilities respond in choosing which cases to take to trial and which to plea bargain. We show how different criteria distort the mix of cases chosen for trial and that the direction of the distortion depends crucially on the evaluation tool used. Optimal evaluation metrics are derived that combine multiple signals of performance and are shown to achieve the first‐best outcome.
The importance of temporal heterothermy in bats
Authors: Stawski C. , Willis C. K. R. , Geiser F. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAnimals must balance their energy budgets even when confronted with periodic food shortages and/or adverse environmental conditions. Especially, small endothermic animals require large amounts of energy to maintain high and stable body temperatures (Tb) via endogenous heat production. To deal with energetic challenges, many small endotherms are heterothermic, abandon regulation of highTband enter a state of torpor resulting in large energy savings. Torpor is used by many bat species because they are small, have high rates of heat loss and rely on fluctuating food resources (e.g. insects, fruit, nectar). Many bats use torpor all year, but the expression of temporal heterothermy can be strongly seasonal especially for temperate and subtropical species, which may hibernate for long periods. Recent advances in our understanding of torpor expression in bats have been made using temperature telemetry for remote data collection ofTbin free‐ranging wild individuals from all climate zones. This new knowledge on free‐ranging bats has revealed the importance of torpor expression not only for energy conservation but also for other benefits, such as reduction of extrinsic mortality (e.g. predation). On the contrary, dense clustering during hibernation, important for minimizing energy and water loss, may also expose bats to infectious disease. An emerging, cold‐tolerant fungal pathogen of bats causes a new disease called white‐nose syndrome (WNS), which is devastating populations of multiple species in easternNorthAmerica. Given the importance of temporal heterothermy to their biology, and links between torpor expression and mortality fromWNS, it is becoming increasingly important to understand the ecology and physiology of torpor in this largely understudied and cryptic mammalian group. Here, we review past and current literature to summarize the importance and evolution of heterothermy in bats.
Individual Preferences and Job Characteristics: An Analysis of Cooperative Credit Banks
Authors: Nese Annamaria , Troisi Roberta 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to analyse individual preferences in relation to different job characteristics. More specifically, this work focuses on the case of employees of cooperative credit banks (CCBs) in Campania and accounts for certain fundamental institutional features: CCBs are designed to pursue specific member interests rather than profit maximization, and most employees are both owners and consumers. The research is conducted by applying a conjoint analysis approach with stated preference data. Novel features of the analysis include the application of this approach to empirical research on worker incentives and the use of a mixed logit model.
Assembly and stoichiometry of FliF and FlhA in Salmonella flagellar basal body
Authors: Morimoto Yusuke V. , Ito Mariko , Hiraoka Koichi D. , Che Yong‐Suk , Bai Fan , Kami‐ike Nobunori , Namba Keiichi , Minamino Tohru 
Published: January 2014

SummaryThe bacterial flagellar export apparatus is required for the construction of the bacterial flagella beyond the cytoplasmic membrane. The membrane‐embedded part of the export apparatus, which consists of FlhA, FlhB, FliO, FliP, FliQ and FliR, is located in the central pore of the MS ring formed by 26 copies of FliF. The C‐terminal cytoplasmic domain of FlhA is located in the centre of the cavity within the C ring made of FliG, FliM and FliN. FlhA interacts with FliF, but its assembly mechanism remains unclear. Here, we fused yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) and cyan fluorescent protein (CFP) to the C‐termini of FliF and FlhA and investigated their subcellular localization by fluorescence microscopy. The punctate pattern of FliF–YFP localization required FliG but neither FliM, FliN, FlhA, FlhB, FliO, FliP, FliQ nor FliR. In contrast, FlhA–CFP localization required FliF, FliG, FliO, FliP, FliQ and FliR. The number of FlhA–YFP molecules associated with the MS ring was estimated to be about nine. We suggest that FlhA assembles into the export gate along with other membrane components during the MS ring complex formation in a co‐ordinated manner.
Combined Approach Improves the Outcomes of Catheter Ablation of Idiopathic Ventricular Arrhythmias Originating from the Vicinity of Tricuspid Annulus
Authors: TENG LI , XIAN‐ZHANG ZHAN , YU‐MEI XUE , XIAN‐HONG FANG , HONG‐TAO LIAO , HAI DENG , WEI WEI , SHU‐LIN WU 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundAblation of idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) originating from the vicinity of tricuspid annulus (TA) is often unsuccessful via inferior approach. We report the initial experience with catheter ablation of VAs arising from the vicinity of the TA via superior approach.MethodsWe retrospectively studied 36 patients with VAs arising from the vicinity of TA who underwent ablation via transfemoral vein approach first. If patients had a failed prior ablation or VAs recurred during follow‐up, they were referred for repeat ablation via transsubclavian vein approach.ResultsAmong 36 patients, 11 (30.6%) patients (five failed during the index procedure and six recurred during the follow‐up) were assigned to perform repeat ablation via the transsubclavian vein approach. After the final procedure two patients recurred again, and success rate increased from 69.5% (25/36) to 94.4% (34/36). Amplitudes of the atrial electrograms of all successful ablation sites via the transsubclavian vein approach was <0.036 mV.ConclusionsThe transsubclavian vein approach plus transfemoral vein approach improve the outcomes of catheter ablation of idiopathic VAs originating from the vicinity of TA. The transsubclavian vein approach is a feasible alternative for VAs, which has been refractory to ablation via the inferior approach.
The Nicotiana attenuata GLA1 lipase controls the accumulation of Phytophthora parasitica‐induced oxylipins and defensive secondary metabolites
Authors: SCHUCK STEFAN , KALLENBACH MARIO , BALDWIN IAN T. , BONAVENTURE GUSTAVO 
Published: January 2014

AbstractNicotiana attenuata plants silenced in the expression of GLYCEROLIPASE A1 (ir‐gla1 plants) are compromised in the herbivore‐ and wound‐induced accumulation of jasmonic acid (JA). However, these plants accumulate wild‐type (WT) levels of JA and divinyl‐ethers during Phytophthora parasitica infection. By profiling oxylipin‐enriched fractions with targeted and untargeted liquid chromatography‐tandem time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry approaches, we demonstrate that the accumulation of 9‐hydroxy‐10E,12Z‐octadecadienoic acid (9‐OH‐18:2) and additional C18 and C19 oxylipins is reduced by ca. 20‐fold in P. parasitica‐infected ir‐gla1 leaves compared with WT. This reduced accumulation of oxylipins was accompanied by a reduced accumulation of unsaturated free fatty acids and specific lysolipid species. Untargeted metabolic profiling of total leaf extracts showed that 87 metabolites accumulated differentially in leaves of P. parasitica‐infected ir‐gla1 plants with glycerolipids, hydroxylated‐diterpene glycosides and phenylpropanoid derivatives accounting together for ca. 20% of these 87 metabolites. Thus, P. parasitica‐induced oxylipins may participate in the regulation of metabolic changes during infection. Together, the results demonstrate that GLA1 plays a distinct role in the production of oxylipins during biotic stress responses, supplying substrates for 9‐OH‐18:2 and additional C18 and C19 oxylipin formation during P. parasitica infection, whereas supplying substrates for the biogenesis of JA during herbivory and mechanical wounding.
Colloid Centrifugation Selects Normal Spermatozoa from Polymorphic Bull Ejaculates: A Case Study
Authors: Morrell JM , Rodriguez‐Martinez H , Andersson M 
Published: January 2014

ContentsSemen from a Western Finncattle bull exhibiting a highly polymorphic spermiogram was processed by colloid centrifugation using Androcoll‐B, a species‐specific silane‐coated silica colloid. In the first experiment, Single Layer Centrifugation (SLC) was used to identify which density colloids were needed to separate different cell populations. Colloids of the two chosen densities were then used in a density gradient resulting in two sperm subpopulations, one containing nearly all normally sized spermatozoa and the other enriched for the macrocephalic spermatozoa. Microcephalic spermatozoa did not appear in either of the selected subpopulations. Using a combination of SLC and DGC with this species‐specific colloid, it was possible to separate the spermatozoa into different subpopulations, that is, a subpopulation containing nearly all normally sized spermatozoa, and another one enriched for the macrocephalic spermatozoa. Thus, colloid centrifugation could be used to select sufficient normal spermatozoa from a highly polymorphic ejaculate for AI, if desired.
An Attenuated Duck Plague Virus (DPV) Vaccine Induces both Systemic and Mucosal Immune Responses To Protect Ducks against Virulent DPV Infection
Authors: Huang Juan , Jia Renyong , Wang Mingshu , Shu Bing , Yu Xia , Zhu Dekang , Chen Shun , Yin Zhongqiong , Chen Xiaoyue , Cheng Anchun 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTDuck plague (DP) is a severe disease caused by DP virus (DPV). Control of the disease is recognized as one of the biggest challenges in avian medicine. Vaccination is an efficient way to control DPV, and an attenuated vaccine is the main routine vaccine. The attenuated DPV vaccine strain CHa is a modified live vaccine, but the systemic and mucosal immune responses induced by this vaccine have been poorly understood. In this study, the immunogenicity and efficacy of the vaccine were evaluated after subcutaneous immunization of ducks. CD4+and CD8+T cells were counted by flow cytometry, and humoral and mucosal Ig antibodies were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results showed that high levels of T cells and Ig antibodies were present postimmunization and that there were more CD4+T cells than CD8+T cells. Titers of humoral IgG were higher than those of humoral IgA. Local IgA was found in each sample, whereas local IgG was found only in the spleen, thymus, bursa of Fabricius, harderian gland, liver, bile, and lung. In a protection assay, the attenuated DPV vaccine completely protected ducks against 1,000 50% lethal doses (LD50) of the lethal DPV strain CHv via oral infection. These data suggest that this subcutaneous vaccine elicits sufficient systemic and mucosal immune responses against lethal DPV challenge to be protective in ducks. This study provides broad insights into understanding the immune responses to the attenuated DPV vaccine strain CHa through subcutaneous immunization in ducks.
MyD88- and TRIF-Independent Induction of Type I Interferon Drives Naive B Cell Accumulation but Not Loss of Lymph Node Architecture in Lyme Disease
Authors: Hastey Christine J. , Ochoa Jennine , Olsen Kimberley J. , Barthold Stephen W. , Baumgarth Nicole 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT

Rapidly after infection, live
Borrelia burgdorferi
, the causative agent of Lyme disease, is found within lymph nodes, causing rapid and strong tissue enlargement, a loss of demarcation between B cell follicles and T cell zones, and an unusually large accumulation of B cells. We sought to explore the mechanisms underlying these changes, as lymph tissue disruption could be detrimental for the development of robust
Borrelia
-specific immunity. A time course study demonstrated that the loss of the normal lymph node structure was a distinct process that preceded the strong increases in B cells at the site. The selective increases in B cell frequencies were due not to proliferation but rather to cytokine-mediated repositioning of B cells to the lymph nodes, as shown with various gene-targeted and bone marrow irradiation chimeras. These studies demonstrated that
B. burgdorferi
infection induced type I interferon receptor (IFNR) signaling in lymph nodes in a MyD88- and TRIF-independent manner and that type I IFNR indirect signaling was required for the excessive increases of naive B cells at those sites. It did not, however, drive the observed histopathological changes, which occurred independently also from major shifts in the lymphocyte-homing chemokines, CXCL12, CXCL13, and CCL19/21, as shown by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR), flow cytometry, and transwell migration experiments. Thus,
B. burgdorferi
infection drives the production of type I IFN in lymph nodes and in so doing strongly alters the cellular composition of the lymph nodes, with potential detrimental effects for the development of robust
Borrelia
-specific immunity.
Targeting Pili in Enterococcal Pathogenesis
Authors: Pinkston Kenneth L. , Singh Kavindra V. , Gao Peng , Wilganowski Nathaniel , Robinson Holly , Ghosh Sukhen , Azhdarinia Ali , Sevick-Muraca Eva M. , Murray Barbara E. , Harvey Barrett R. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT

Passive protection, the administration of antibodies to prevent infection, has garnered significant interest in recent years as a potential prophylactic countermeasure to decrease the prevalence of hospital-acquired infections. Pili, polymerized protein structures covalently anchored to the peptidoglycan wall of many Gram-positive pathogens, are ideal targets for antibody intervention, given their importance in establishing infection and their accessibility to antibody interactions. In this work, we demonstrated that a monoclonal antibody to the major component of
Enterococcus faecalis
pili, EbpC, labels polymerized pilus structures, diminishes biofilm formation, and significantly prevents the establishment of a rat endocarditis infection. The effectiveness of this anti-EbpC monoclonal provides strong evidence in support of its potential as a preventative. In addition, after radiolabeling, this monoclonal identified the site of enterococcal infection, providing a rare example of molecularly specific imaging of an established bacterial infection and demonstrating the versatility of this agent for use in future diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
Francisella tularensis Schu S4 Lipopolysaccharide Core Sugar and O-Antigen Mutants Are Attenuated in a Mouse Model of Tularemia
Authors: Rasmussen Jed A. , Post Deborah M. B. , Gibson Bradford W. , Lindemann Stephen R. , Apicella Michael A. , Meyerholz David K. , Jones Bradley D. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT

The virulence factors mediating
Francisella
pathogenesis are being investigated, with an emphasis on understanding how the organism evades innate immunity mechanisms.
Francisella tularensis
produces a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) that is essentially inert and a polysaccharide capsule that helps the organism to evade detection by components of innate immunity. Using an
F. tularensis
Schu S4 mutant library, we identified strains that are disrupted for capsule and O-antigen production. These serum-sensitive strains lack both capsule production and O-antigen laddering. Analysis of the predicted protein sequences for the disrupted genes (
FTT1236
and
FTT1238c
) revealed similarity to those for
waa
(
rfa
) biosynthetic genes in other bacteria. Mass spectrometry further revealed that these proteins are involved in LPS core sugar biosynthesis and the ligation of O antigen to the LPS core sugars. The 50% lethal dose (LD
50
) values of these strains are increased 100- to 1,000-fold for mice. Histopathology revealed that the immune response to the
F. tularensis
mutant strains was significantly different from that observed with wild-type-infected mice. The lung tissue from mutant-infected mice had widespread necrotic debris, but the spleens lacked necrosis and displayed neutrophilia. In contrast, the lungs of wild-type-infected mice had nominal necrosis, but the spleens had widespread necrosis. These data indicate that murine death caused by wild-type strains occurs by a mechanism different from that by which the mutant strains kill mice. Mice immunized with these mutant strains displayed >10-fold protective effects against virulent type A
F. tularensis
challenge.
Small Colony Variant of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius ST71 Presenting as a Sticky Phenotype
Authors: Savini Vincenzo , Carretto Edoardo , Polilli Ennio , Marrollo Roberta , Santarone Stella , Fazii Paolo , D'Antonio Domenico , Rossano Alexandra , Perreten Vincent 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT

We first observed the phenomenon of small colony variants (SCVs) in a
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius
sequence type 71 (ST71) strain, isolated from a non-pet owner. Although we found that small-sized colonies share main features with
Staphylococcus aureus
SCVs, they nevertheless show a novel, particular, and sticky phenotype, whose expression was extremely stable, even after subcultivation.
Mycobacterium paraffinicum Causing Symptomatic Pulmonary Infection
Authors: Chan Austin W. , Kabbani Sarah , Staton Gerald , Kraft Colleen S. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT

Mycobacterium paraffinicum
has been newly recognized as a species. A case of symptomatic pulmonary infection caused by
M. paraffinicum
is described, and as far as we know, this is the first case of the organism as a human pathogen.