bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association of CXCR4 expression with prognosis and clinicopathological indicators in colorectal carcinoma patients: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Lv Shunzeng , Yang Yakun , Kwon Sera , Han Mingzhi , Zhao Fangfang , Kang Huihui , Dai Congxin , Wang Renzhi 
Published: November 2013

AimsThe clinical relevance of expression of chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) remains controversial; our aim was to identify the precise relationship of CXCR4 to prognosis and clinicopathological features.Methods and resultsA meta‐analysis was performed. Original data included the hazard ratios (HRs) of recurrence‐free survival (RFS), overall survival (OS) and odds ratio (OR) in CRC patients. We pooled HR/OR with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to estimate the hazard. A total of 20 published studies (including 2253 patients) were eligible. RFS and OS were related significantly to CXCR4 expression, with HRs 1.62 (95% CI 1.24–2.11; P < 0.0001) and 1.68 (95% CI 1.31–2.14; P < 0.0001), respectively. In addition, a significant association was revealed between positive CXCR4 expression and age (less than median age: OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.62–0.98; P = 0.03), stage (I and II: OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.32–0.66; P < 0.0001), grade (well/moderately differentiated: OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.56–0.98; P = 0.04), location (colon: OR: 0.73, 95% CI 0.57–0.95; P = 0.02), lymph node invasion (present: OR2.14, 95% CI 1.36–3.37; P = 0.001),and distant metastasis (present: OR 2.40; 95% CI 1.36–4.23; P = 0.003). Heterogeneity was observed among the included studies with regard to stage (I2 = 58 %), lymph node invasiveness (I2 = 74%) and distant metastasis (I2 = 56%). No publication bias was observed.ConclusionsChemokine receptor 4 expression indicates poorer prognosis in older patients and advanced stage or poor differentiation in CRC, and also serves as an indicator of lymph node and distal organ metastasis. Surprisingly, high CXCR4 expression may indicate that the location of the tumour is the rectum. Thus, CXCR4 could help to predict outcome and guide clinical therapy.
Outcome of microdissection TESE compared with conventional TESE in non‐obstructive azoospermia: a systematic review
Authors: Deruyver Y. , Vanderschueren D. , Van der Aa F. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryRetrieval of spermatozoa is unfortunately still only successful in a subset of patients suffering from non‐obstructive azoospermia (NOA) by conventional testicular sperm extraction (TESE). Microdissection TESE may have some theoretical benefits over conventional TESE, but uncertainty exists about its superiority. The objective of this systematic review was therefore to compare the efficacy and safety of microTESE with conventional TESE in men with NOA. The systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis statement. Literature was searched for studies comparing outcome of conventional TESE with microdissection TESE. Primary outcome was sperm retrieval rate (SRR). Secondary outcomes were clinical predictors of sperm retrieval as well as complication rate. Of 62 articles, a total of seven studies were included in the final analysis. Overall SRR was significantly higher in the microTESE group in comparison with conventional TESE in five of these studies. Overall sperm retrieval ranged from 16.7 to 45% in the conventional TESE vs. 42.9 to 63% in the microTESE group. A sub‐analysis of the SRR according to testicular histology was available in four of the selected articles. MicroTESE in men with Sertoli cell only syndrome and hypospermatogenesis carried a small but significant more favourable outcome according to, respectively, two and one of the studies. Correlation of serum follicle stimulating hormone and testicular volume with positive outcome was variable. Fewer complications were observed on ultrasound examination after microTESE procedure. Clinical randomized studies comparing microTESE with conventional TESE in NOA are still lacking to date. Pseudo‐randomized prospective data, however, show more favourable sperm retrieval in NOA for microTESE, especially in histological patterns of patchy spermatogenesis such as Sertoli cell only syndrome. However, in patients with uniform histological patterns such as maturation arrest outcome of microTESE seems less favourable.
Family caregiver challenges in dementia care in a country with undeveloped dementia services
Authors: Wang Jing , Xiao Lily Dongxia , He Guo‐Ping , De Bellis Anita 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAimsTo examine socially, culturally and politically constructed factors affecting family caregiver practice in dementia care, and to identify possible changes in a country with undeveloped dementia services.BackgroundIn China and many other low‐ and middle‐income countries, social transformations are weakening the family care model, which has an impact on the population with dementia. Exploring the challenges that caregivers face may help the international healthcare community to improve dementia services.DesignA double hermeneutic approach informed by Giddens' Structuration Theory was used.MethodsIn‐depth semi‐structured interviews with 23 family caregivers of people with dementia were conducted in 2012. The interviews were audiotaped, transcribed and analysed.FindingsAnalyses revealed three consequences of socially constructed factors in dementia care, which constrained caregiver practice. First, caregivers were unable to manage behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia. Untreated aggressive behaviours caused harm to the person with dementia and endangered the caregiver and the public. Second, the burden on the primary caregiver was evident and caregivers received limited support. Third, there was little coordination between primary and specialist care services for people with dementia. On critical reflection of potential changes that could improve dementia services, caregivers suggested that community nurses have a leading role in coordinating dementia services and supporting caregivers.ConclusionRelying on family caregivers to care for people with dementia without the prevision of dementia services by the public healthcare system generates negative health outcomes for both care recipients and caregivers. The nursing workforce should be developed to support dementia services.
Mediterranean origin and Miocene–Holocene Old World diversification of meadow fescues and ryegrasses (Festuca subgenus Schedonorus and Lolium)
Authors: Inda Luis A. , Sanmartín Isabel , Buerki Sven , Catalán Pilar 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAimThe biogeography of the grass genera Festuca (subgenus Schedonorus) and Lolium, which form one of the world main forage groups, is here reconstructed for the first time using nuclear and plastid DNA data. We aimed to test previous hypotheses on the origin of the group ancestor and on the Holocene versus pre‐Holocene dispersals of the most recent fodder grasses.LocationThe Mediterranean Basin and neighbouring regions: North Africa, Southwest Asia, East and West Africa, and Eurasia.MethodsSampling included nearly all representatives from the native Old World distribution of this group. We used maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships. Divergence times were estimated with a Bayesian relaxed clock and secondary calibrations derived from a fossil‐dated phylogeny of grasses. Biogeographical scenarios were reconstructed with Bayesian‐averaged dispersal–vicariance analysis (Bayes‐DIVA) and dispersal–extinction–cladogenesis (DEC), using a stratified palaeogeographical model spanning the last 12 million years.ResultsMeadow fescue (Festuca pratensis) originated in Eurosiberia, Southwest Asia, 2 million years ago (Ma), whereas ryegrasses (Lolium) first diversified in the eastern Mediterranean region around 4.1 Ma, splitting into two autogamous versus allogamous lineages, with Macaronesian Lolium embedded within the latter. An alternative scenario suggests, however, an early split of the Macaronesian ryegrasses. Our results support the hybrid origin of the tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea).Main conclusionsThe ancestor of the fescues and ryegrasses originated in the western Mediterranean in the mid‐Miocene. The sister relationship of the tropical African Festuca simensis to Lolium is a novel finding, suggesting a dispersal of the ancestor of the ryegrasses from Asia to East Africa in the early Pliocene. Our reconstruction rejects the hypothesis of a single Neolithic human‐mediated dispersal of Lolium species from eastern to western Mediterranean areas, suggesting instead a pre‐agricultural distribution of Lolium ancestors along the Mediterranean Basin since the Pliocene.
Differences in bacterial saliva profile between periodontitis patients and a control cohort
Authors: Belstrøm Daniel , Fiehn Nils‐Erik , Nielsen Claus H. , Kirkby Nikolai , Twetman Svante , Klepac‐Ceraj Vanja , Paster Bruce J. , Holmstrup Palle 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAimPeriodontitis is a multifactorial disease in which subgingival bacteria play an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease. The objective of this study was to determine if periodontitis is associated with a characteristic salivary bacterial profile. This was accomplished by comparing the bacterial profile of saliva from subjects with chronic periodontitis with that of saliva from a control cohort.Materials and methodsStimulated saliva samples from 139 chronic periodontitis patients and 447 samples from a control cohort were analysed using the Human Oral Microbe Identification Microarray (HOMIM). Frequency and levels (mean HOMIM‐value) of around 300 bacterial taxa/clusters in samples were used as parameters for investigation. Differences at taxon/cluster values between groups were analysed using Mann–Whitney U‐test with Benjamini–Hochberg correction for multiple comparisons. Principal component analysis was used to visualize bacterial community profiles obtained by the HOMIM.ResultsEight bacterial taxa, including putative periodontal pathogens as Parvimonas micra and Filifactor alocis, and four bacterial clusters were identified statistically more frequently and at higher levels in samples from periodontitis patients than in samples from the control cohort. These differences were independent of the individuals' smoking status.ConclusionsPeriodontitis is associated with a characteristic bacterial profile of saliva different from that of a control cohort.
Genetic divergence predicts reproductive isolation in damselflies
Authors: Sánchez‐Guillén R. A. , Córdoba‐Aguilar A. , Cordero‐Rivera A. , Wellenreuther M. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractReproductive isolation is the defining characteristic of a biological species, and a common, but often untested prediction is a positive correlation between reproductive isolation and genetic divergence. Here, we test for this correlation in odonates, an order characterized by strong sexual selection. First, we measure reproductive isolation and genetic divergence in eight damselfly genera (30 species pairs) and test for a positive correlation. Second, we estimate the genetic threshold preventing hybrid formation and empirically test this threshold using wild populations of species within theIschnuragenus. Our results indicate a positive and strong correlation between reproductive isolation and genetic distance using both mitochondrial and nuclear genes cytochrome oxidaseII(COII:r = 0.781 and 18S–28S:r = 0.658). Hybridization thresholds range from −0.43 to 1.78% forCOIIand −0.052–0.71% for 18S–28S, and both F1‐hybrids and backcrosses were detected in wild populations of two pairs ofIschnuraspecies with overlapping thresholds. Our study suggests that threshold values are suitable to identify species prone to hybridization and that positive isolation–divergence relationships are taxonomically widespread.
First Report of Anthracnose of Ledebouriella seseloides Caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in Korea
Authors: Lee Jung Han , Kwak Youn‐Sig 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn 2012, dark brown spots were observed on leaves of Ledebouriella seseloides (Fang Feng) in several research plots located at the Goseong Agricultural Research Extension services in Gyeongam Province, Republic of Korea. A fungus was isolated from the infected plants which produced pink‐coloured spores in mucilage on PDA and conidial morphology suggested that the causal agent was Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Internal transcribed spacer sequences of the pathogen showed 99% identity to those of C. gloeosporioides. Pathogenicity of the isolate was proved by Koch's postulates. This is the first report of anthracnose in L. seseloides caused by C. gloeosporioides.
Differential impact of the Bisphosphonate Alendronate on undifferentiated and terminally differentiated human myogenic cells
Authors: Shiomi Kosuke , Nagata Yuki , Kiyono Tohru , Harada Atsushi , Hashimoto Naohiro 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

Objectives
Alendronate, a nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate, is well established as a treatment for osteoporosis through regulation of osteoclast activity. Previously, the pharmacological effects of bisphosphonates on cells outside the bone environment have been considered irrelevant because of the bone-targeting property of bisphosphonates. However, the chronic effects of bisphosphonates on tissue-neighbouring bone, in particular skeletal muscles, should not be ignored because patients are treated with bisphosphonates for long periods.

Methods
Here, we show that the impact of alendronate on immortalized human myogenic cells depends on growth and differentiation-inducing conditions.

Key findings
Alendronate disrupted cytoskeletal structures and prevented migration, proliferation and differentiation of undifferentiated human myogenic cells that are involved in muscle regeneration. In contrast, alendronate did not affect the morphology, gene expression or survival of terminally differentiated human myotubes.

Conclusions
The present results suggest that the muscle regeneration capacity of osteoporosis patients treated with bisphosphonates for long periods may be attenuated. The present research on the pharmacological effects of alendronate on cultured human myogenic cells will contribute to improvement of therapeutic strategies and optimization of rehabilitation programmes for locomotive activity in osteoporosis patients treated with bisphosphonates.
Dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) in the treatment of borderline personality disorder
Authors: O'Connell B. , Dowling M. 
Published: November 2013

Accessible summary
Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is a complex disorder that is difficult to treat. Five psychotherapeutic approaches are used in the management of BPD. These include cognitive behavioural therapy, mentalization‐based therapy, schema‐focused therapy, transference‐focused therapy and dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT). Of the five approaches used to manage BPD, DBT has been studied the most extensively.
Dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) is a multi‐pronged approach comprising of skills‐based training, individual psychotherapy, telephone calls and consultation team meetings.
DBT can have a positive effect on therapists, shifting therapeutic pessimism towards one of optimism with DBT therapists also describing personal changes resulting from their work with clients.
A considerable number of trials have been conducted as DBT was developed in the early 1990s, and most support the usefulness of BPD in the treatment of BPD. However, two Cochrane reviews conclude that more research is needed to provide stronger evidence in support of DBT for the management of BPD.
AbstractBorderline personality disorder (BPD) is a complex disorder that is difficult to treat. However, dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT), developed by Dr. Marsha Linehan in the early 1990s, has emerged as a promising treatment option for those diagnosed with BPD. DBT is a multi‐pronged treatment approach delivered normally in outpatient settings over 12 months and requires highly skilled and trained therapists. Many trials have provided evidence to support the use of DBT in the treatment of BPD. However, outcome measures vary and are mostly limited to measurable behavioural outcomes such as incidences of deliberate self‐harm or suicidal thoughts. Two recent Cochrane reviews conclude that DBT does benefit those with BPD, but more robust evidence is needed. DBT training for health care professionals also has the potential to shift health care professionals' attitudes from one of therapeutic pessimism to one of optimism.
Patient Satisfaction with Testosterone Replacement Therapies: The Reasons Behind the Choices
Authors: Kovac Jason R. , Rajanahally Saneal , Smith Ryan P. , Coward Robert M. , Lamb Dolores J. , Lipshultz Larry I. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

Introduction
Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) for male hypogonadism is rapidly gaining popularity and acceptance. Options include gels, injections, and implantable subcutaneous pellets.

Aims
The aim of this study was to determine rates of patient satisfaction and reasons for patient preferences in hypogonadal men on TRT.

Methods
An anonymous, prospective survey was distributed to men presenting for TRT at an academic urology clinic. The survey was organized into multiple domains including patient satisfaction and treatment motivation.

Main Outcome Measures
Patient satisfaction responses obtained via anonymous survey.

Results
Average patient age was 49 ± 0.7 years (n = 382). Injectable testosterone was chosen by 53%, gel-based regimens by 31%, and pellets by 17%. Overall, 70% of patients were satisfied with their TRT and 14% reported dissatisfaction. Satisfaction rates were similar between gels (68%), injections (73%), and implantable pellets (70%). Doctor recommendation was the sole significant reason for patients preferring gel-based TRT (66% vs. 37% injection users vs. 31% pellet users). Injectable TRT was favored because of lower cost (35% vs. 21% gel users vs. 19% pellet users). Pellets were favored for ease of use (64% vs. 44% injection users vs. 43% gel users) and convenience (58% vs. 26% injection users vs. 19% gel users). Pellets had increased rates of satisfaction within the first 12 months. Improvements in concentration and mood occurred at higher percentages in satisfied patients.

Conclusions
Patients are satisfied with TRT. Lower costs are important to patients on injections. Convenience and ease of use are central in choosing pellet therapy. Men on TRT should be questioned about mood and concentration because these factors exhibited the greatest improvements in satisfied patients.
Long‐distance dispersal maximizes evolutionary potential during rapid geographic range expansion
Authors: Berthouly‐Salazar Cécile , Hui Cang , Blackburn Tim M. , Gaboriaud Coline , van Rensburg Berndt J. , van Vuuren Bettine Jansen , Le Roux Johannes J. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractConventional wisdom predicts that sequential founder events will cause genetic diversity to erode in species with expanding geographic ranges, limiting evolutionary potential at the range margin. Here, we show that invasive European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) in South Africa preserve genetic diversity during range expansion, possibly as a result of frequent long‐distance dispersal events. We further show that unfavourable environmental conditions trigger enhanced dispersal, as indicated by signatures of selection detected across the expanding range. This brings genetic variation to the expansion front, counterbalancing the cumulative effects of sequential founding events and optimizing standing genetic diversity and thus evolutionary potential at range margins during spread. Therefore, dispersal strategies should be highlighted as key determinants of the ecological and evolutionary performances of species in novel environments and in response to global environmental change.
Long‐period Positions in Multi‐sectoral Cobb–Douglas Economies
Authors: Eichert Wolfgang 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe present paper considers a constant returns to scale non‐joint production economy with one primary factor (labour). It follows from the non‐substitution theorem that macroeconomic variables are completely determined by the wage–profit distribution in a long‐period position. We investigate the special case in which production in each sector as well as consumption are characterized by means of Cobb–Douglas functions. Despite the non‐linearity, this parametrization allows us to compute sectoral and macroeconomic variables in simple and intuitive equations. As noted in earlier literature, many variables behave differently than would be expected on basis of a one‐sectoral Solow growth model.
A divergent Pseudomonas aeruginosa palmitoyltransferase essential for cystic fibrosis‐specific lipid A
Authors: Thaipisuttikul Iyarit , Hittle Lauren E. , Chandra Ramesh , Zangari Daniel , Dixon Charneal L. , Garrett Teresa A. , Rasko David A. , Dasgupta Nandini , Moskowitz Samuel M. , Malmström Lars , Goodlett David R. , Miller Samuel I. , Bishop Russell E. , Ernst Robert K. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryStrains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) isolated from the airways of cystic fibrosis patients constitutively add palmitate to lipid A, the membrane anchor of lipopolysaccharide. The PhoPQ regulated enzyme PagP is responsible for the transfer of palmitate from outer membrane phospholipids to lipid A. This enzyme had previously been identified in many pathogenic Gram‐negative bacteria, but in PA had remained elusive, despite abundant evidence that its lipid A contains palmitate. Using a combined genetic and biochemical approach, we identified PA1343 as the PA gene encoding PagP. Although PA1343 lacks obvious primary structural similarity with known PagP enzymes, the β‐barrel tertiary structure with an interior hydrocarbon ruler appears to be conserved. PA PagP transfers palmitate to the 3′ position of lipid A, in contrast to the 2 position seen with the enterobacterial PagP. Palmitoylated PA lipid A alters host innate immune responses, including increased resistance to some antimicrobial peptides and an elevated pro‐inflammatory response, consistent with the synthesis of a hexa‐acylated structure preferentially recognized by the TLR4/MD2 complex. Palmitoylation commonly confers resistance to cationic antimicrobial peptides, however, increased cytokine production resulting in inflammation is not seen with other palmitoylated lipid A, indicating a unique role for this modification in PA pathogenesis.