bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Systematic Review of Clinical Outcomes of Pedicled Flap Repairs of the Knee Extensor Mechanism
Authors: Lee Nayun , Fisher Marlie H. , McNamara Colin T. , Greyson Mark A. , Hogan Craig A. , Iorio Matthew L. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background Rupture of the extensor mechanism of the knee has severe functional morbidity, and repair can be complicated by infection, allograft degeneration, and recurrent rupture. Techniques of autologous tissue repair utilizing pedicled flaps such as the gastrocnemius offer vascularized methods of reconstruction, with potentially diminished complication rates. The goal of this study was to evaluate the functional outcomes and complications associated with pedicled flap repair of the knee extensor mechanism.
Methods A systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systemic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Publications that focused on local myocutaneous flaps as a means for reconstruction were included. Causes for knee extensor mechanism deficit, flap characteristics, ambulation rate, changes in range of motion pre- and postoperation, and postoperative complications were analyzed. Technique reports including primary suture repairs, synthetic mesh, and allograft use were excluded.
Results An initial 119 studies were identified, with final review of 22 observational studies encompassing 128 cases of pedicled flap reconstructions. The gastrocnemius (88.2%, n = 113), quadriceps (6.3%, n = 8), and a combination of the vastus and gastrocnemius flaps (5.5%, n = 7), were the most frequently utilized flaps. Functional outcomes were favorable with 87.2% of patients achieving ambulation without external support. Variability in range of motion outcomes across different flap may be secondary to the patient characteristics as well as extent of initial injury.
Conclusions Autologous pedicle flap reconstruction of the knee extensor mechanism emerges as a viable option for cases characterized by extensive defects and insufficient soft tissue coverage, which are not amenable to direct suture repairs or allografts. Postoperative assessments revealed that the majority of patients experienced improved ambulation status, with no instances of deterioration noted among the patients.
Comparison of Freeze-Drying and Hot-Air Drying on the Appearance, Microscopic Characterization, and Ginsenosides Contents of the American Ginseng
Authors: Liang Qi , He Lin , Tian Qingqing , Ran Dong , Tao Hua , Huang Qinwan , Zhang Qing , Wu Chunjie , Peng Wei 
Published: June 2024

Purpose Our purpose was to compare the difference between hot-air dried American ginseng (HDAG) (Panacis Quinquefolii Radix) and freeze-dried American ginseng (FDAG) (Panacis Quinquefolii Radix) and provide a better drying approach for improving the quality of American ginseng (Panacis Quinquefolii Radix).
Methods In our present study, we compared the appearance features of HDAG and FDAG using a CR-410 colorimeter and scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, we qualitatively and quantitatively determined ginsenosides in HDAG and FDAG by using UPLC-Q Exactive Orbitrap-MS/MS and high-performance liquid chromatography.
Results Our present results showed that compared to the hot-air drying method, freeze-drying (FD) has obvious advantages in not only good appearances but also higher bioactive constituents for drying the American ginseng (Panacis Quinquefolii Radix).
Conclusion FD is beneficial for the retention of ginsenosides in American ginseng (Panacis Quinquefolii Radix) and also helpful for maintaining the bioactive effects of this functional food.
Clinical Efficacy and Experimental Research Progress on Traditional Chinese Medicine Moxibustion Therapy in Ovarian Injury
Authors: Wang Houpeng , Zhang Ning , Zheng Liping , Hu Liaoliao 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis review summarizes the clinical efficacy and experimental research of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) moxibustion in the intervention of ovarian injury. Clinical and experimental research results have shown that as a nonpharmacological treatment method, Chinese medical moxibustion therapy is of great significance in the treatment of ovarian injuries such as diminished ovarian reserve, polycystic ovarian syndrome, premature ovarian failure, and premature ovarian insufficiency. Moxibustion, heat-sensitive moxibustion, and electroacupuncture have significant effects in improving ovarian function, overall treatment efficacy, pregnancy rate, ovulation rate, and sex hormone levels and have higher safety. Their therapeutic mechanisms have also been demonstrated. In conclusion, TCM moxibustion therapy has a significant effect in the treatment of ovarian injury, providing a new option for the treatment of the ovarian injury.
Palliative Interventions in Advanced Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Tadros Anthony S. , Tutton Sean , Redmond Jonas 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPatients with advanced cholangiocarcinoma have poor prognosis and often experience severe tumor-related symptoms. Malignant biliary obstruction and cancer pain are common complications associated with advanced cholangiocarcinoma. We review percutaneous palliative interventions that can improve quality of life for these patients.
Exposure–Response Relationship between VWF/FVIII Activity and Spontaneous Bleeding Events Following Recombinant VWF Prophylaxis in Severe VWD
Authors: Leebeek Frank W.G. , Castaman Giancarlo , Marier Jean François , Özen Gülden , Bhattacharya Indranil , Zhang Jingmei , Wang Scarlett , Wang Yi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background Recombinant von Willebrand factor (rVWF, vonicog alfa, Takeda Pharmaceuticals USA) is indicated in adults diagnosed with von Willebrand disease (VWD). In this study, the exposure–response (ER) relationship between VWF activity (VWF:RCo) or factor VIII activity (FVIII:C) and spontaneous bleeding events (BEs) was evaluated in adults with severe VWD receiving rVWF prophylaxis for up to 1 year.
Methods This secondary analysis included 23 patients receiving rVWF prophylaxis in the open-label, phase 3 prophylaxis trial (NCT02973087). Population pharmacokinetic (PK) and PK/pharmacodynamic (PD) models were used to characterize VWF activity and endogenous FVIII:C, and PK/PD simulations were linked to spontaneous BEs to develop an ER model.
Results None of the five patients with VWD types 1 or 2A/B experienced spontaneous BEs. Five of 18 patients with VWD type 3 experienced ≥1 spontaneous BEs. An ER relationship was observed whereby higher VWF:RCo levels were associated with a numerically lower spontaneous BE risk (p < 0.10). This relationship was independent of patients' pretrial VWF treatment. A statistically significant ER relationship was observed after accounting for relevant data (average ± standard error exposure estimate for VWF:RCo over 24 hours prior to the spontaneous BE: −0.043 ± 0.021, p = 0.041). The model-generated hazard ratio for a 10 IU/dL increment in the average exposure of VWF:RCo 24 hours before a spontaneous BE was 0.651 (95% confidence interval: 0.431–0.982).
Conclusions This ER analysis suggests a causal association between VWF:RCo and spontaneous BEs, with an increase of VWF:RCo exposure leading to a decrease in spontaneous BE risk.
Time trends in positive gonorrhoea diagnoses at the Christchurch Sexual Health Service (2012–2022): a data audit study
Authors: Denison Hayley J. , Creighton Julie , Douwes Jeroen , Coshall Maureen , Young Heather 
Published: June 2024

Background Gonorrhoea infections and antimicrobial resistance are rising in many countries, particularly among men who have sex with men, and an increasing proportion of infection is detected at extragenital sites. This study assessed trends in gonorrhoea diagnoses and antibiotic resistance at a sexual health service in New Zealand that followed national guidelines for specimen collection. Methods Routinely-collected data from Canterbury Health Laboratories of specimens taken at the Christchurch Sexual Health Service 2012–2022 were audited. Descriptive results included the number of patient testing events positive for gonorrhoea per year and site of infection (extragenital/urogenital). Annual test-positivity was calculated (number of positive patient testing events divided by total number of testing events) and the Cochran-Armitage Test for Trend was used to assess whether there was an association between test-positivity and year. Results Of 52,789 patient testing events, 1467 (2.8%) were positive for gonorrhoea (81% male). Half (49.3%) of people (57.9% of males, 12.2% of females) with a gonorrhoea infection had an extragenital infection in the absence of a urogenital infection. The number of extragenital infections increased at a faster rate than urogenital among males. Test-positivity increased from 1.3% in 2012 to 5.8% in 2022 (P < 0.001). Antimicrobial resistance was identified in many isolates. Ciprofloxacin resistance was high, but there were no cases of ceftriaxone resistance. Conclusions This study highlights the importance of extragenital sampling and maintaining bacterial culture methods for accurate diagnosis and treatment. The observation that gonorrhoea positivity rate and antimicrobial resistance rates are rising in New Zealand calls for urgent action.
Secondary electron emission yield in thick dielectric materials: a comparison between Kelvin probe and capacitive methods
Authors: Mata R , Cros A , Gimeno B , Raboso D 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The recent high demand of secondary electron emission yield (SEY) measurements in dielectric materials from space industry has driven SEY laboratories to improve their facilities and measurement techniques. SEY determination by the common capacitive method, also known as pulsed method, is well accepted and has given satisfactory results in most cases. Nevertheless, the samples under study must be prepared according to the experimental limitations of the technique, i.e. they should be manufactured separated from the devices representing faithfully the surface state of the own device and be as thin as possible. A method based on the Kelvin probe (KP) is proposed here to obtain the SEY characteristics of electrically floating Platinum, Kapton and Teflon placed over dielectric spacers with thicknesses ranging from 1.6 to 12.1 mm. The results are compared with those of the capacitive method and indicate that KP SEY curves are less sensitive to spacer thickness. An explanation based on the literature is also given. In all, we have established that KP is better suited for the analysis of dielectric samples thicker than 3 mm.
Experimental study on synchronous detection of output force in a self-sensing giant magnetostrictive actuator
Authors: Xie Dongjian , Zhang Yahui , Wu Haomin , Yang Yikun , Yang Bintang 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This paper systematically investigates the real-time detection of static and dynamic output forces by a self-sensing giant magnetostrictive actuator (SSGMA). The online stiffness of the actuator is perceived as the sensing signal according to the ΔE effect of Terfenol-D. Numerical simulations are carried out to analyze the effects of the driving magnetic field and the hysteresis caused by magneto-mechanical coupling on the performance of self-sensing output force. Then the prototype is fabricated and tested to verify the self-sensing characteristics of SSGMA for the output force. The noise density of prototype is tested to be below 56.92 nV √Hz−1. The experimental results illustrate that SSGMA has a self-detection sensitivity of 0.47 mV N−1 for a static force with an amplitude of nearly 120 N. The SSGMA is able to synchronize the tracking of quasi-static and low-frequency dynamic output forces, respectively. The hereby proposed SSGMA further broadens the application scenario of precision actuation systems by synchronizing the detection and control of the output force without requiring external sensors.
Numerical analysis of fast ions transport induced by magnetic islands in HL-2A
Authors: Zhang Yue , Wang Feng , Sun Jizhong , Li Mao , Hao Guangzhou 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The transport of beam ions in the presence of single/multiple tearing modes (TMs) under HL-2A geometry has been investigated by test particle method. Simulation results show that there exists a threshold behavior in the number of lost beam ions in the plasma under perturbation of a (2,1) TM with amplitude

α
0

: when the amplitude

α
0

is over a critical value, the number of lost beam ions increases linearly with

α
0

at a much faster pace. Further analysis finds that the lost beam ions have relatively higher percentage of high energy at

α
0

around the critical value. It also finds that the distribution of lost beam ions which is initially concentrated on the high field side expands gradually toward the low field side as the perturbation amplitude

α
0

increases. From the phase space analysis, it shows that the enhanced outward transport of fast ions in the presence of magnetic islands results from orbit stochasticity, which is due to the overlap of the drift islands in the interaction of fast ions with TMs. When two TMs are simultaneously present, the stochastic threshold of fast ion orbit is found to be lower than that in their individual TM case. The phase space analysis shows that in the presence of two modes with the same toroidal mode number, the modes increase the loss of fast ions when they are out of phase; however, such the effect of strengthening transport of fast ions turns to weaken when they are in phase. In contrast, when two modes each with a different toroidal mode number, their phase difference phase hardly has any effect on the transport of fast ions.
Variational data encoding and correlations in quantum-enhanced machine learning
Authors: Wang 王 Ming-Hao 明浩 , Lü 吕 Hua 桦 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Leveraging the extraordinary phenomena of quantum superposition and quantum correlation, quantum computing offers unprecedented potential for addressing challenges beyond the reach of classical computers. This paper tackles two pivotal challenges in the realm of quantum computing: firstly, the development of an effective encoding protocol for translating classical data into quantum states, a critical step for any quantum computation. Different encoding strategies can significantly influence quantum computer performance. Secondly, we address the need to counteract the inevitable noise that can hinder quantum acceleration. Our primary contribution is the introduction of a novel variational data encoding method, grounded in quantum regression algorithm models. By adapting the learning concept from machine learning, we render data encoding a learnable process. This allowed us to study the role of quantum correlation in data encoding. Through numerical simulations of various regression tasks, we demonstrate the efficacy of our variational data encoding, particularly post-learning from instructional data. Moreover, we delve into the role of quantum correlation in enhancing task performance, especially in noisy environments. Our findings underscore the critical role of quantum correlation in not only bolstering performance but also in mitigating noise interference, thus advancing the frontier of quantum computing.
Influence of ion species on extraction characteristics of mixed ion beams
Authors: Xu 徐 Ao 翱 , Gan 甘 Pingping 娉娉 , Wan 万 Xiang 翔 , Shi 石 Yuanjie 元杰 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The spatial distributions of different kinds of ions are usually not completely the same in the process of extracting. In order to study the reason for the different characteristics of ion extraction, a simplified simulation model of Cu+ and Cr+ ions extraction process was established by 2D3V (two-dimensional in space and three-dimensional in velocity space) particle-in-cell (PIC) method. The effects of different extraction voltages from 0 V to 500 V on the density distribution of Cu+ and Cr+ ions and the change of plasma emission surface were analyzed. On the basis of this model, the ion density distribution characteristics of Cu+ ions mixed with Li+, Mg+, K+, Fe+, Y+, Ag+, Xe+, Au+, and Pb+ ions respectively under 200-V extraction voltage are further simulated, and it is revealed that the atomic mass of the ions is the key reason for different ion density distributions when different kinds of ions are mixed and extracted, which provides support for further understanding of ion extraction characteristics.
Using a linear dynamic system to measure functional connectivity from M/EEG
Authors: Drew Jordan , Foti Nicholas , Nadkarni Rahul , Larson Eric , Fox Emily , KC Lee Adrian 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objective. Measures of functional connectivity (FC) can elucidate which cortical regions work together in order to complete a variety of behavioral tasks. This study’s primary objective was to expand a previously published model of measuring FC to include multiple subjects and several regions of interest. While FC has been more extensively investigated in vision and other sensorimotor tasks, it is not as well understood in audition. The secondary objective of this study was to investigate how auditory regions are functionally connected to other cortical regions when attention is directed to different distinct auditory stimuli. Approach. This study implements a linear dynamic system (LDS) to measure the structured time-lagged dependence across several cortical regions in order to estimate their FC during a dual-stream auditory attention task. Results. The model’s output shows consistent functionally connected regions across different listening conditions, indicative of an auditory attention network that engages regardless of endogenous switching of attention or different auditory cues being attended. Significance. The LDS implemented in this study implements a multivariate autoregression to infer FC across cortical regions during an auditory attention task. This study shows how a first-order autoregressive function can reliably measure functional connectivity from M/EEG data. Additionally, the study shows how auditory regions engage with the supramodal attention network outlined in the visual attention literature.
Observation of alpha-particles in recent D–T experiments on JET
Authors: Kiptily V.G. , Challis C.D. , Dumont R. , Fitzgerald M. , Garcia J. , Garzotti L. , Ghani Z. , Hobirk J. , Jacquet P. , Kappatou A. , Keeling D. , Kazakov Ye. , Mantica P. , Mantsinen M.J. , Sharapov S.E. , Solano E.R. , Van Eester D. , Bonofiglo P.J. , Craciunescu T. , Dal Molin A. , Eriksson J. , Goloborodko V. , Iliasova M.V. , Khilkevitch E.M. , King D. , Lengar I. , Nocente M. , Menmuir S. , Podestà M. , Poradzinski M. , Rigamonti D. , Rivero-Rodriguez J. , Stancar Z. , Shevelev A.E. , Siren P. , Sun H. , Taylor D.M. , Tardocchi M. , Beaumont P. , Belli F. , Cecil F.E. , Coelho R. , Curuia M. , Garcia-Munoz M. , Joffrin E. , Lowry C. , Lennholm M. , Lerche E. , Maggi C.F. , Mailloux J. , Marocco D. , Maslov M. , Perez Von Thun C. , Rimini F. , Zoita V. ,   JET Contributors
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The fusion reaction between deuterium and tritium, D(T,n)4
He is the main source of energy in future thermonuclear reactors. Alpha-particles (4
He-ions) born with an average energy of 3.5 MeV transferring energy to the thermal plasma during their slowing down, should provide the self-sustained D–T plasma burn. The adequate confinement of α-particles is essential to provide efficient heating of the bulk plasma and steady burning of a reactor plasma. That is why the fusion-born α-particle studies have been a priority task in the second D–T experiments (DTE2) on the Joint European Torus (JET) to understand the main mechanisms of their slowing down, redistribution and losses and to develop optimal plasma scenarios. JET with Be-wall and W-divertor, enhanced auxiliary heating systems and improved energetic-particle diagnostic capabilities, producing significant population of α-particles, provided the possibility for comprehensive studying of the α-particle behaviour. Selected results of the confined and lost α-particle measurements, evidence of α-particle self-heating and assessments of the fusion performance are presented in this paper giving an opportunity for further modelling and extrapolation to the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor and burning plasma reactors.
Analysis of the effect of obstacles on evacuation efficiency in emergencies
Authors: Niu Heng , Zhang Yuanyuan , Li Liang , Han Yanbin , Hou Qingtao , Niu Sijie 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Congestion is one of the factors that affects evacuation efficiency in emergencies. In this study, we focus on shortening the total evacuation time (TET) by setting obstacles near the exit. For this purpose, we add a probability-based obstacle avoidance strategy to modify the original social force model to simulate pedestrians’ obstacle avoidance behaviour. Using the model, we analyse the influence of the number of obstacles, their position and their distance to the wall with the exit on the TET. In addition, we discuss the relationship between the average density at the exit and the TET, which shows that crowd diversion is an effective method to alleviate congestion and shorten the TET. The simulation results show that the evacuation efficiency can be improved by reasonably setting obstacles near the exit. This study can provide some guidance for the management of crowds during emergency evacuations.
Using Finite Element Method in Seismic Analysis: A Literature Review on Diaphragm Wall
Authors: Kumar Sanjie Dutt A. , Cruz Orlean Dela 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The increasing complexity of machine tools and the rising cost of procuring equipment and machine downtime have drawn researchers’ attention to the development of non-contact structural health monitoring systems. One of these is using finite element modeling software that can oversee the problem in different structures, scenarios, and applications in the environment. FE modeling is applicable and time-efficient, but its applications have limitations due to inconsistencies in the real-time of its structures. For some FE, debugging is time-consuming for extensive analyses. Also, the nonlinearity of the structures increased the complexity, leading to higher memory requirements for the software. This paper discussed past research regarding underground structures assessing seismic with FEM analysis. It also aims to define the behavior, accuracy, and applicability of software imposed in specific structures and the seismic analysis that can be applied to set the in-situ parameters and then generate it for FE modeling.
Seismic fragility comparison of FBD and DDBD designed RC frame using incremental dynamic analysis
Authors: Palsanawala T N , Gondaliya K M , Vasanwala S A 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Direct displacement-based design (DDBD) is a design approach in which structures are designed for predefined displacements to withstand earthquakes within specified performance criteria. In order to defeat the drawbacks of force-based design (FBD), which is based on stiffness assumptions, the DDBD method evaluated the displacement constraint in which structure response must remain within the predetermined displacement. The fragility assessment reveals the structure’s probability of future collapse from the nonlinear analysis will help to detect the structure’s performance. In this study, Incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) is performed on a four-story reinforced concrete (RC) frame structure designed using DDBD and FBD approach to predict nonlinear structural behavior in earthquake-prone regions. The RC frame is designed to satisfy the immediate occupancy (IO) performance limit of 1% drift while taking into account the DDBD method. Sixteen ground motions with two horizontal directions mounted to various intensity levels represented by peak ground acceleration (PGA) are used to perform IDA. Fragility curves are generated from logarithms of intensity measures (IM) computed from the IDA. As a result, earthquake damage in terms of the probability of collapse and inter-storey drift ratio are compared for both approaches and using the DDBD approach, four times less PGA occurrence is observed for the IO performance limit compared to FBD.