bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photochemical regulatory strategies for nucleic acid function and their biomedical applications
Authors: Hu Menglu , Wang Yihui , Zhou Xiaoming 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNucleic acids are not only essential biomolecules that drive critical life processes such as growth, development, reproduction, inheritance, and mutation, but also serve as significant markers for disease diagnosis, pathogen identification, and cancer screening. Nevertheless, several challenges have hindered the widespread use of nucleic acids in biomedicine, such as susceptibility to degradation, limited cellular uptake efficiency, potential toxicity, and uncontrollable activity. Photo‐regulation offers an effective solution to address these challenges. It allows for the precise control of nucleic acid structure and function and enhances the stability and safety of their application in biomedicine. In this review, we systematically review the structural characteristics of the three primary photosensitive groups commonly used in the regulation of nucleic acid molecules (i.e., photocleavable molecules, photoisomerization molecules, and photo‐crosslinking molecules) under light irradiation. Subsequently, recent research advances in the development and application of photo‐modulation strategies based on these photosensitive molecules in antisense oligonucleotides, RNA interference, nucleic acid amplification, and CRISPR/Cas systems are outlined. Finally, we discuss the challenges faced in the widespread application of these photo‐regulatory strategies and outline potential future directions for their development.
Artificial intelligence to predict pre‐clinical dental student academic performance based on pre‐university results: A preliminary study
Authors: Lestari Widya , Abdullah Adilah S. , Amin Afifah M. A. , Nurfaridah  , Sukotjo Cortino , Ismail Azlini , Ibrahim Mohamad Shafiq Mohd , Insani Nashuha , Utomo Chandra P. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPurpose/ObjectivesAdmission into dental school involves selecting applicants for successful completion of the course. This study aimed to predict the academic performance of Kulliyyah of Dentistry, International Islamic University Malaysia pre‐clinical dental students based on admission results using artificial intelligence machine learning (ML) models, and Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC).MethodsML algorithms logistic regression (LR), decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), and support vector machine (SVM) models were applied. Academic performance prediction in pre‐clinical years was made using three input parameters: age during admission, pre‐university Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA), and total matriculation semester. PCC was deployed to identify the correlation between pre‐university CGPA and dental school grades. The proposed models’ classification accuracy ranged from 29% to 57%, ranked from highest to lowest as follows: RF, SVM, DT, and LR. Pre‐university CGPA was shown to be predictive of dental students’ academic performance; however, alone they did not yield optimal outcomes. RF was the most precise algorithm for predicting grades A, B, and C, followed by LR, DT, and SVM. In forecasting failure, LR predicted three grades with the highest recall, SVM predicted two grades, and DT predicted one. RF performance was insignificant.ConclusionThe findings demonstrated the application of ML algorithms and PCC to predict dental students' academic performance. However, it was limited by several factors. Each algorithm has unique performance qualities, and trade‐offs between different performance metrics may be necessary. No definitive model stood out as the best algorithm for predicting student academic success in this study.
Response of rice yield, grain quality to chilling at grain filling stages
Authors: Guo Erjing , Wang Lizhi , Shi Yanying , Jiang Shukun , Cheng Xue , Chen Xi , Ma Haoyu , Wan Nenhan , Bai Fan , Zhang Zhentao , Zhang Tianyi , Li Tao , Yang Xiaoguang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis study aims to quantify the impacts of chilling at the grain filling stage on rice yield and grain quality. A factorial experiment with four levels of temperature and duration of chilling treatments at the early and late grain filling stages was conducted in 2017, 2018 and 2019.RESULTSPer 10 °C·day increase in the accumulated cooling degree day at the early and late grain filling stages, the rice emergence–maturity duration was delayed by 0.8% (0.6%) and rice yield decreased by 2.2% (1.7%). Chilling at the early grain filling stage decreased the rice heading rate, while chilling at the late grain filling stage increased rice amylose but decreased protein content. For chilling treatment at the early grain filling stage, rice yield and grain quality were mainly correlated with seed‐setting rate, whereas for chilling treatment at the late grain filling stage the rice yield and grain quality were mainly correlated with 1000‐grain weight.CONCLUSIONThis study improved the understanding of how chilling at the grain filling stages affects rice phenology, yield and grain quality, providing a theoretical basis for maintaining rice yield while ensuring grain quality. The results could be used to guide the rice‐growing community in combating chilling at grain filling stages. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Isolation, identification, and chelation mechanism of ferrous‐chelating peptide from peanut protein hydrolysate
Authors: Bu Guanhao , Ti Guanghui , Zhao Xiaoling , Duan Xiaojie 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundPeanut peptides can chelate iron but their chelation mechanism remains unclear. The purpose of this study is to separate peanut ferrous‐chelating peptides and explore the chelation mechanism of peanut peptides with iron.ResultsPeanut peptide component F‐122, which had a higher chelation rate, was separated using ultrafiltration, gel filtration chromatography, and ion exchange chromatography, achieving a ferrous chelation rate of 90.7%. Six peptide segments were screened and their amino acid sequences were identified by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). Spectral analysis confirmed that the chelation between peanut peptides and ferrous ions occurred and a new substance was formed. Molecular docking simulation indicated that the amino acids in peanut peptides involved in the chelating reaction were glutamic acid, arginine, glycine, threonine, phenylalanine, and lysine. The binding sites included the main chain oxygen atom, side chain oxygen atom, and carboxyl oxygen atom of amino acid.ConclusionThe isolated peanut peptide had a higher ferrous‐chelation rate. The chelating mechanism of peanut peptide with ferrous ion was elucidated. This study provides a theoretical basis for the development of new peptide‐ferrous preparations. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Making friends with tourists before the group tour: A study of guide‐tourist pre‐tour interactions based on the social situation framework
Authors: Hu Changwei (Aiway) , Hu Xingbao (Simon) , Liu Hongbo (Daisy) 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTour guides play a vital role in shaping service quality, destination image, and relationships with tourists. However, most research on guide‐tourist interactions focuses exclusively on the interactions during the tour, overlooking pre‐tour interactions. Using thematic content analysis, and based on the social situation framework, this study investigates pre‐tour interactions from the tour guide's perspective of guided group tours. The results unravel that pre‐tour interactions are motivated by both the intrinsic and extrinsic goals of tour guides, who act as not only hosts, but also travel stewards, “virtual stage” constructors, and even tourists' friends. The interactions mostly surround service promises, emotional care, and rapport building, in addition to information exchange. Furthermore, a seven‐step behavioral sequence underlying the interactions and six paramount hindrances were identified. This research contributes to the existing literature on host‐guest interactions by generating granular and holistic insights into pre‐tour interactions and offering valuable guidance for optimizing guide services.
Comparison of four ventilation tubes commonly used in the pediatric population: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Morrissette Margareta , Ben‐Dov Tom , Santacatterina Michele , Catháin Éadaoin Ó. , April Max M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo assess differences in otorrhea, tympanic membrane perforation, and time to extrusion in children receiving one of four commonly used, short‐term ventilation tubes for the first time.MethodsRetrospective chart review of 2 years of postoperative follow‐up to analyze patient outcomes after insertion of either a Paparella type‐I Activent, Armstrong Beveled, Modified Armstrong, or Armstrong Microgel ventilation tube. Incidence of complications was determined by reviewing provider notes. Adjusted multivariate logistic regression models were used to determine odds ratios of complications among the four tube types.ResultsA total of 387 patients were reviewed. The mean age was 2.4 years and 35.9% were female. Armstrong beveled tubes had the highest odds of otorrhea. Paparella type‐I tube had the shortest time to extrusion of about 9 months, while Armstrong Beveled had the longest, at almost 19 months. When evaluating episodes of otorrhea each child experienced on average, per month, Armstrong beveled tubes had the highest monthly rate of otorrhea and Paparella type‐I the least. No significant differences were found regarding tympanic membrane perforation.ConclusionsThis retrospective chart review showed that no tube was clinically superior across all complications. The findings from this study may give otolaryngologists an opportunity to consider choosing a specific type of tube according to the clinical situation. The large variations in extrusion times should be considered in terms of patient age, seasonality, and desired duration of tube placement.Level of Evidence4.
CW‐Seeded Parametric Combs with Quantum‐Limited Phase Noise
Authors: Wang Jue , Shi Haosen , Steinmeyer Günter , Cai Yu , Wang Siyi , Chen Wenbin , Gu Chenglin , Fan Jintao , Hu Minglie 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOptical frequency combs have revolutionized frequency metrology and spectroscopic measurements, enabling the most precise measurements of all physical quantities. However, precision frequency metrology heavily relies on mode‐locked laser combs, which are only directly available for a few selected near‐infrared wavelength ranges. Recently, a strong tendency emerged for combs in the mid‐infrared molecular fingerprint region. To this end, several methods for wavelength conversion have been proposed and demonstrated, which nevertheless cost a degradation of coherence properties. Here a first approach is presented toward measuring resulting phase noise fluctuations, exploiting the temporal resolution of the dispersive temporal interferometry (DTI) technique for experimentally unveiling the carrier‐envelope phase dynamics of a cw‐seeded femtosecond optical parametric amplifier (OPA). Particularly, it is experimentally demonstrated for the first time that unexpectedly low seed power levels suffice to exceed vacuum fluctuations by more than an order of magnitude, resulting in pulse‐to‐pulse phase fluctuations of 82 mrad at rather moderate cw seed levels of 8 mW. Additionally, a formula is provided that allows exact prediction of the experimentally observed noise levels. This study therefore provides new insight into the role of vacuum fluctuations in OPAs, which open up an avenue for coherent dual‐comb systems in the mid‐infrared and beyond.
Experimental Evidence for Thermally Enhanced Energy Transfer in Yb3+/Tm3+ Codoped Nanocrystals
Authors: Wei Yinghao , Yang Sen , Zhu Kaihang , Gao Linshuo , Wang Liji , Chen Guanying , Li Ai‐Hua 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWeak luminescence of the small‐sized lanthanide‐doped nanoparticles has limited their applications long. In recent years, there is a growing interest in luminescence thermal enhancement in small‐sized upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs). The mitigation of surface quenching effects and the improvement of energy transfer (ET) are two convincing explanations for this phenomenon. A systematical investigation on the luminescence dynamics of Yb3+ is implemented. ET rate and then the proportion of ET increases greatly with rising temperatures in Yb3+/Tm3+ codoped system, while an alternative trend can be summarized in Yb3+/Er3+ one. Based on these findings, therefore it can be concluded that the surface quenching mitigation related to the desorption of water molecules on the surface is a common mechanism of the luminescence thermal enhancement. But ET related to the thermally‐activated surface phonons is a special case, it does play a positive role in Yb3+/Tm3+ system. These findings not only explain the upconversion luminescence thermal enhancement in Yb3+/Tm3+ system is more significant but also help to understand thermal enhancement and benefit highly‐sensitive temperature probe design.
In Vivo Evaluation of Laser‐Induced Optical Breakdown (LIOBS) by 1064‐nm Nd:YAG Fractional Picosecond Laser With Reflectance Confocal Microscopy and Precise Histopathologic Correlation
Authors: Rojas‐Orrego Maritza , Carreño Nestor , Feuerhake Teo , Navarrete‐Dechent Cristian 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesPicosecond lasers with a microlens array can cause laser‐induced optical breakdown (LIOBS) and LIC (Intradermal laser‐induced cavitation) within high‐fluence areas. This study aimed to describe the clinical, reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM), histopathological findings, and the characteristics of vacuoles caused by LIOBS and LIC in individuals with skin types III and IV.Materials and MethodsThis study was performed on six Chilean healthy volunteers, males and females, aged 35–65 years old with Fitzpatrick skin phototypes III–IV. The laser was applied in the inner proximal area of the nondominant arm. RCM evaluation was performed 24 h later; 48 h later, skin biopsies were performed on the laser‐treated areas. Clinical, histological, and RCM findings were recorded.ResultsEvery individual developed a 10 mm2 area of clinical erythema in the treated area. Under RCM, all six volunteers had hyporeflective spherical structures at the level of the epidermis, consistent with intraepidermal vacuoles. Histopathological evaluation revealed different sizes of vacuoles in both the epidermis and dermis.ConclusionThe LIOBS and LIC processes and the secondary production of vacuoles could be highly valuable for effective dermal remodeling treatment and aid in promoting the production of new collagen, elastic fibers, and growth factors that could improve skin texture. These structures were visible under RCM and histopathological evaluation.
Metamaterialbased Wide Band MIMO Antenna with Enhanced Isolation for C‐ and X‐band Applications
Authors: Undrakonda Jyothsna , Upadhyayula Ratna K. , Kumar Ch. Manohar , Naidu V. M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA new decoupling element technology is used to create a tiny circular patch mutiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna measuring 20 × 25 × 1.6 mm3. A simple split‐ring resonator (SRR) metamaterial design with adjustable inner ring inductance and capacitance allows MIMO antennas to operate across several frequency bands. Tunable‐split ring resonators (T‐SRRs) are small and improve antenna element isolation. The proposed MIMO system provides isolation larger than 20 dB from 5.93 to 12.63 GHz. It is useful for radar applications since it includes the C‐band upper link (5.925–6.425 GHz) and the X‐band (8–12 GHz). With good tuning and network structure decoupling, antennas can operate in dual bands with isolation levels below −15 dB. Over 85% radiation efficiency and 72% miniaturization were achieved in the proposed MIMO antenna. The antenna has good radiation and diversity performance, including an envelope correlation coefficient < 0.1 and a diversity gain of 9.98 dB. These qualities make it suitable for advanced technology.
Gravitationally controlled passive beam steering of a printed cross dipole antenna
Authors: Borah Pranjal 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this study, the design and characterization of a printed cross‐dipole antenna with a gravitationally controlled passive beam steering technique has been presented. The steering of the beam is achieved by using a floating reflector that remains parallel to the earth surface when the antenna along with the mounted body gets inclined while traveling through uneven roadways. Initially, the microstrip cross dipole antenna is designed and simulated along with the reflector to operate in one of the allocated 5G frequency bands of 2.6 GHz. This is followed by the fabrication of the antenna prototype along with a glass chamber where the reflector is kept floated over the fluid. Measurements are carried out and are in good comparison with that of the simulated one. This presented work can be a potential passive beam steering technique that can be used for surface‐to‐air communication systems.
Dopamine in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism: a narrative review
Authors: Li Zhehong , Zheng Lifei , Wang Jing , Wang Liang , Qi Yao , Amin Buhe , Zhu Jinxia , Zhang Nengwei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveOwing to the global obesity epidemic, understanding the regulatory mechanisms of glucose and lipid metabolism has become increasingly important. The dopaminergic system, including dopamine, dopamine receptors, dopamine transporters, and other components, is involved in numerous physiological and pathological processes. However, the mechanism of action of the dopaminergic system in glucose and lipid metabolism is poorly understood. In this review, we examine the role of the dopaminergic system in glucose and lipid metabolism.ResultsThe dopaminergic system regulates glucose and lipid metabolism through several mechanisms. It regulates various activities at the central level, including appetite control and decision‐making, which contribute to regulating body weight and energy metabolism. In the pituitary gland, dopamine inhibits prolactin production and promotes insulin secretion through dopamine receptor 2. Furthermore, it can influence various physiological components in the peripheral system, such as pancreatic β cells, glucagon‐like peptide‐1, adipocytes, hepatocytes, and muscle, by regulating insulin and glucagon secretion, glucose uptake and use, and fatty acid metabolism.ConclusionsThe role of dopamine in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism has significant implications for the physiology and pathogenesis of disease. The potential therapeutic value of dopamine lies in its effects on metabolic disorders.
Trimester‐specific rate of gestational weight loss or gain and birth size: differences by prepregnancy BMI
Authors: Boone‐Heinonen Janne , Dinh Dang , Springer Rachel , Liu Shuling , O'Malley Jean , Rosenquist Natalie A. , Schmidt Teresa , Snowden Jonathan M. , Tran Sarah‐Truclinh , Vesco Kimberly K. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to estimate the effects of trimester‐specific gestational weight gain (GWG) on small and large (compared with appropriate) for gestational age (i.e., SGA, LGA, and AGA) by prepregnancy BMI classifications.MethodsWe conducted a cohort study of pregnancies in a national network of community health care organizations, stratifying by prepregnancy BMI (n = 20,676 with normal weight; 19,156 with overweight; 11,647 with obesity class I; 5124 with obesity class II; and 3197 with obesity class III). SGA and LGA (vs. AGA) were modeled as a function of trimester 1, 2, or 3 GWG rate, previous trimester(s) GWG rate, and maternal characteristics using modified Poisson regression.ResultsGWG rates ranged from weight loss to substantial gains. GWG‐LGA associations were strongest in trimester 1 (risk ratio [RR] range for 10th vs. 50th percentile GWG, across BMI categories: 0.60–0.73). GWG‐SGA associations were strongest in lower BMI categories and in trimester 2; RRs were 1.62, 1.40, and 1.17 for prepregnancy normal weight, obesity class I, and obesity class III, respectively, with curvilinear associations for class II and III.ConclusionsAmong people with prepregnancy obesity class II or III, GWG rate is associated with higher LGA risk in a dose‐dependent manner, including understudied ranges of weight loss, but with weak associations with SGA.
Machine Learning Methods in Classification of Prolonged Radiation Therapy in Oropharyngeal Cancer: National Cancer Database
Authors: Ahn Seungjun , Oh Eun Jeong , Saleem Matthew I. , Tham Tristan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the accuracy of machine learning (ML) algorithms in stratifying risk of prolonged radiation treatment duration (RTD), defined as greater than 50 days, for patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC).Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingNational Cancer Database (NCDB).MethodsThe NCDB was queried between 2004 to 2016 for patients with OPSCC treated with radiation therapy (RT) or chemoradiation as primary treatment. To predict risk of prolonged RTD, 8 different ML algorithms were compared against traditional logistic regression using various performance metrics. Data was split into a distribution of 70% for training and 30% for testing.ResultsA total of 3152 patients were included (1928 prolonged RT, 1224 not prolonged RT). As a whole, based on performance metrics, random forest (RF) was found to most accurately predict prolonged RTD compared to both other ML methods and traditional logistic regression.ConclusionOur assessment of various ML techniques showed that RF was superior to traditional logistic regression at classifying OPSCC patients at risk of prolonged RTD. Application of such algorithms may have potential to identify high risk patients and enable early interventions to improve survival.
Changes in the tumour microenvironment mark the transition from serous borderline tumour to low‐grade serous carcinoma
Authors: Vallejos Rodrigo , Zhantuyakova Almira , Negri Gian Luca , Martin Spencer D , Spencer Sandra E , Thornton Shelby , Leung Samuel , Lynch Branden , Qin Yimei , Chow Christine , Liang Brooke , Zdravko Sabrina , Douglas J Maxwell , Milne Katy , Mateyko Bridget , Nelson Brad H , Howitt Brooke E , Kommoss Felix KF , Horn Lars‐Christian , Hoang Lien , Singh Naveena , Morin Gregg B , Huntsman David G , Cochrane Dawn 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLow‐grade serous ovarian carcinoma (LGSC) is a rare and lethal subtype of ovarian cancer. LGSC is pathologically, biologically, and clinically distinct from the more common high‐grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSC). LGSC arises from serous borderline ovarian tumours (SBTs). The mechanism of transformation for SBTs to LGSC remains poorly understood. To better understand the biology of LGSC, we performed whole proteome profiling of formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissue blocks of LGSC (n = 11), HGSC (n = 19), and SBTs (n = 26). We identified that the whole proteome is able to distinguish between histotypes of the ovarian epithelial tumours. Proteins associated with the tumour microenvironment were differentially expressed between LGSC and SBTs. Fibroblast activation protein (FAP), a protein expressed in cancer‐associated fibroblasts, is the most differentially abundant protein in LGSC compared with SBT. Multiplex immunohistochemistry (IHC) for immune markers (CD20, CD79a, CD3, CD8, and CD68) was performed to determine the presence of B cells, T cells, and macrophages. The LGSC FAP+ stroma was associated with greater abundance of Tregs and M2 macrophages, features not present in SBTs. Our proteomics cohort reveals that there are changes in the tumour microenvironment in LGSC compared with its putative precursor lesion, SBT. These changes suggest that the tumour microenvironment provides a supportive environment for LGSC tumourigenesis and progression. Thus, targeting the tumour microenvironment of LGSC may be a viable therapeutic strategy. © 2024 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.