bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Etiology of acute pancreatitis
Authors: Gimenez Tomas , Calvo Alberto , Vicent Javier 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Acute pancreatitis is a common disease with a benign course in the majority of patients, but it is associated with serious morbidity, and mortality close to 20% in up to 20% of cases. The incidence of acute pancreatitis seems to be rising in western countries. About 75% of all cases are caused by gallstones or alcoholism. The relative rate of gallstones versus alcohol as etiology depends on the age and the area of enrolment. A thorough evaluation allows cause identification in another 10% of cases, leaving about 15–20% as idiopathic. The most common causes, and a growing list of less frequent and sometimes very rare and controversial etiologies, are reviewed in this article. A classification on the pathogenic mechanisms of causes of acute pancreatitis based is used in this Review. The approach, or suggested plan of investigations, to determine the etiology of acute pancreatitis, based on the most recently published Guidelines is outlined.
p600 stabilizes microtubules to prevent the aggregation of CaMKIIα during photoconductive stimulation
Authors: Belzil Camille , Ramos Tim , Sanada Kamon , Colicos Michael , Nguyen Minh 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe large microtubule-associated/Ca2+-signalling protein p600 (also known as UBR4) is required for hippocampal neuronal survival upon Ca2+ dyshomeostasis induced by glutamate treatment. During this process, p600 prevents aggregation of the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase IIα (CaMKIIα), a proxy of neuronal death, via direct binding to calmodulin in a microtubuleindependent manner. Using photoconductive stimulation coupled with live imaging of single neurons, we identified a distinct mechanism of prevention of CaMKIIα aggregation by p600. Upon direct depolarization, CaMKIIα translocates to microtubules. In the absence of p600, this translocation is interrupted in favour of a sustained self-aggregation that is prevented by the microtubule-stabilizing drug paclitaxel. Thus, during photoconductive stimulation, p600 prevents the aggregation of CaMKIIα by stabilizing microtubules. The effectiveness of this stabilization for preventing CaMKIIα aggregation during direct depolarization but not during glutamate treatment suggests a model wherein p600 has two modes of action depending on the source of cytosolic Ca2+.
The Use of a Knowledge Translation Program to Increase Use of Standardized Outcome Measures in an Outpatient Pediatric Physical Therapy Clinic: Administrative Case Report
Authors: Schreiber Joseph , Marchetti Gregory F. , Racicot Brook , Kaminski Ellen 
Published: July 2014

Background and PurposePediatric physical therapists face many challenges related to the application of research evidence to clinical practice. A multicomponent knowledge translation (KT) program may be an effective strategy to support practice change. The purpose of this case report is to describe the use of a KT program to improve the knowledge and frequency of use of standardized outcome measures by pediatric physical therapists practicing in an outpatient clinic.Case DescriptionThis program occurred at a pediatric outpatient facility with 1 primary clinic and 3 additional satellite clinics, and a total of 17 physical therapists. The initial underlying problem was inconsistency across staff recommendations for frequency and duration of physical therapist services. Formal and informal discussion with the department administrator and staff identified a need for increased use of standardized outcome measures to inform these decisions. The KT program to address this need spanned 6 months and included identification of barriers, the use of a knowledge broker, multiple workshop and practice sessions, online and hard-copy resources, and ongoing evaluation of the KT program with dissemination of results to staff. Outcome measures included pre- and post-knowledge assessment and self-report surveys and chart review data on use of outcome measures.OutcomesParticipants (N=17) gained knowledge and increased the frequency of use of standardized outcome measures based on data from self-report surveys, a knowledge assessment, and chart reviews.DiscussionAdministrators and others interested in supporting practice change in physical therapy may consider implementing a systematic KT program that includes a knowledge broker, ongoing engagement with staff, and a variety of accessible resources.
Frameless neuronavigation based only on 3D digital subtraction angiography using surface-based facial registration
Authors: Stidd David A. , Wewel Joshua , Ghods Ali J. , Munich Stephan , Serici Anthony , Keigher Kiffon M. , Theessen Heike , Moftakhar Roham , Lopes Demetrius K. 
Published: July 2014

Object
Cerebrovascular lesions can have complicated abnormal anatomy that is not completely characterized by CT or MR angiography. Although 3D rotational angiography provides superior spatial and temporal resolution, catheter angiograms are not easily registered to the patient, limiting the use of these images as a source for neuronavigation. However, 3D digital subtraction angiography (DSA) contains not only vascular anatomy but also facial surface anatomy data. The authors report a novel technique to register 3D DSA images by using only the surface anatomy contained within the data set without having to fuse the DSA image set to other imaging modalities or use fiducial markers.

Methods
A cadaver model was first created to assess the accuracy of neuronavigation based on 3D DSA images registered by facial surface anatomy. A 3D DSA scan was obtained of a formalin-fixed cadaver head, with acquisitions of mask and contrast runs. The right common carotid artery was injected prior to the contrast run with a 45% contrast solution diluted with water-soluble red liquid latex. One week later, the head was registered to a neuronavigation system loaded with the 3D DSA images acquired earlier using facial surface anatomy. A right pterional craniotomy was performed and 10 different vascular landmarks were identified and measured for accuracy using the neuronavigation system. Neuronavigation based only on 3D DSA was then used to guide an open clipping procedure for a patient who presented with a ruptured distal lenticulostriate aneurysm.

Results
The accuracy of the measurements for the cadaver model was 0.71 ± 0.25 mm (mean ± SE), which is superior to the 1.8–5 mm reported for neuronavigation. The 3D DSA–based navigation-assisted surgery for the distal lenticulostriate aneurysm aided in localization, resulting in a small craniotomy and minimal brain dissection.

Conclusions
This is the first example of frameless neuronavigation based on 3D catheter angiography registered by only the surface anatomy data contained within the 3D DSA image set. This is an easily applied technique that is beneficial for accurately locating vascular pathological entities and reducing the dissection burden of vascular lesions.
The efficacy of erythropoietin in treating experimental traumatic brain injury: a systematic review of controlled trials in animal models
Authors: Peng Weijun , Xing Zhihua , Yang Jingjing , Wang Yang , Wang Weihao , Huang Wei 
Published: July 2014

Object
Erythropoietin (EPO) shows promise as a neuroprotective agent in animal models of traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, clinical trials of the efficacy of EPO treatment in patients with TBI yield conflicting results. The authors conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effect of EPO in experimental animal models of TBI, the goal being to inform the design of future clinical trials.

Methods
The authors identified eligible studies by searching PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, Embase, and Google Scholar in October 2013. Data were pooled using the random-effects model, and results were reported in terms of standardized mean difference. Statistical heterogeneity was examined using both I2 and chi-square tests, and the presence of small study effects was investigated with funnel plots and Egger tests. In-depth analyses were performed for lesion volume and neurobehavioral outcome, and the studies' methodological quality was also evaluated.

Results
Of a total of 290 studies, 13 found an effect of EPO on lesion volume and neurobehavioral outcome. Overall, the methodological quality of the studies was poor, and there was evidence of statistical heterogeneity among the publications as well as small-study effects. However, in-depth analyses showed statistically significant findings in favor of a beneficial effect of EPO after TBI.

Conclusions
Despite limitations of this systematic review that may have influenced the findings, the authors conclude that EPO might be beneficial in treating experimental TBI in terms of reducing lesion volume and improving neurobehavioral outcome. However, this review also indicates that more well-designed and well-reported animal studies are needed.
Intravitreal Bevacizumab and Aflibercept for the Treatment of Exudative Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Selid Paul D. , Jundt Michael C. , Fortney Aaron C. , Beal James R. 
Published: July 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To compare treatment of exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) with bevacizumab versus aflibercept in terms of central retinal thickness (CRT) and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
A retrospective cohort study examining changes in CRT and BCVA over 12 months of follow-up in 111 patients treated with bevacizumab and 91 treated with aflibercept for exudative AMD.

RESULTS:
Treatment with bevacizumab and aflibercept reduced CRT from baseline to 12 months. Aflibercept significantly reduced the mean change from baseline CRT at 12 months compared to bevacizumab. However, mean CRT at 12 months was not significantly different after aflibercept versus bevacizumab (271.6 ± 74.0 μm vs 257.9 ± 48.5 μm). BCVA was significantly better at 6 months in the aflibercept group. At baseline, 18.5% of bevacizumab and 26.4% of aflibercept patients had BCVA better than 20/40. At 12 months, 34.8% of bevacizumab and 38.9% of aflibercept patients had BCVA better than 20/40.

CONCLUSION:
CRT decreased and BCVA improved after treatment with bevacizumab and aflibercept for exudative AMD.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2014;45:275–281.]
Clinical Monitoring of Patients With Age-Related Macular Degeneration Treated With Intravitreal Bevacizumab or Ranibizumab
Authors: Kiss Szilárd , Liu Ying , Brown Joseph , Holekamp Nancy M. , Almony Arghavan , Campbell Joanna , Kowalski Jonathan W. 
Published: July 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) require frequent follow-up and regular anti-VEGF injections for optimal outcomes. Although studies suggest that injection frequency is suboptimal in clinical practice, monitoring frequency in this setting is unclear. This study evaluates annual monitoring patterns between 2008 and 2011.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
This retrospective claims analysis included newly diagnosed neovascular AMD patients with at least one intravitreal bevacizumab or ranibizumab injection (8,811 and 2,877 patients, respectively). Patient monitoring and treatment patterns were assessed at 12-month intervals.

RESULTS:
From 2008 to 2010, the mean number of injections increased. In the 2010 cohort, among bevacizumab- and ranibizumab-treated patients, respectively, less than 23% and less than 40% had at least 10 ophthalmologist visits, and less than 4% and less than 21% had at least 10 optical coherence tomography scans.

CONCLUSION:
Patients with neovascular AMD in clinical settings during 2008 to 2011 were monitored less frequently and received fewer anti-VEGF injections than patients in major clinical trials, which may affect outcomes.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2014;45:285–291.]
Ocriplasmin for Treatment of Stage 2 Macular Holes: Early Clinical Results
Authors: Miller John B. , Kim Leo A. , Wu David M. , Vavvas Demetrios G. , Eliott Dean , Husain Deeba 
Published: July 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To review clinical and structural outcomes of ocriplasmin for treatment of stage 2 macular holes.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
A retrospective review of the first patients with stage 2 macular holes to be treated with ocriplasmin at Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary. All patients were imaged with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).

RESULTS:
Eight patients with stage 2 macular holes received a single injection of 125 μg of ocriplasmin. One patient (12.5%) demonstrated macular hole closure. The posterior hyaloid separated from the macula in six eyes (75%). All seven holes that remained open showed enlargement in hole diameters (narrowest, apical, and basal) at 1 week and 1 month. All seven were successfully closed with surgery. Ellipsoid zone disruptions were observed by OCT in four eyes (50%) and persisted throughout follow-up (more than 6 months on average).

CONCLUSION:
In early clinical results, the authors found a lower macular hole closure rate with ocriplasmin than previously reported. Enlargement was observed in all holes that failed to close with ocriplasmin. The authors found ellipsoid zone disruptions that persisted through 6 months of follow-up after ocriplasmin injection. Further work is needed to investigate the cause for these ellipsoid zone changes.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2014;45:293–297.]
Imaging of cartilage repair procedures
Authors: Sanghvi Darshana , Munshi Mihir , Pardiwala Dinshaw 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe rationale for cartilage repair is to prevent precocious osteoarthritis in untreated focal cartilage injuries in the young and middle-aged population. The gamut of surgical techniques, normal postoperative radiological appearances, and possible complications have been described. An objective method of recording the quality of repair tissue is with the magnetic resonance observation of cartilage repair tissue (MOCART) score. This scoring system evaluates nine parameters that include the extent of defect filling, border zone integration, signal intensity, quality of structure and surface, subchondral bone, subchondral lamina, and records presence or absence of synovitis and adhesions. The five common techniques of cartilage repair currently offered include bone marrow stimulation (microfracture or drilling), mosaicplasty, synthetic resorbable scaffold grafts, osteochondral allograft transplants, and autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI). Complications of cartilage repair procedures that may be demonstrated on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) include plug loosening, graft protuberance, graft depression, and collapse in mosaicplasty, graft hypertrophy in ACI, and immune response leading to graft rejection, which is more common with synthetic grafts and cadaveric allografts.
Role of ultrasound in evaluation of peripheral nerves
Authors: Lawande Ashwin D , Warrier Sudhir S , Joshi Mukund S 
Published: July 2014

AbstractUltrasonography (USG) is an excellent cost-effective modality in imaging of peripheral nerves. With the newer high-frequency probes with different footprints which allow high-resolution imaging at relatively superficial location, USG can detect and evaluate traumatic, inflammatory, infective, neoplastic, and compressive pathologies of the peripheral nerves. This article describes the technique for evaluation of nerves by USG as well as the USG appearances of normal and diseased peripheral nerves.
Comparison of conventional MRI and MR arthrography in the evaluation of wrist ligament tears: A preliminary experience
Authors: Pahwa Shivani , Srivastava Deep N , Sharma Raju , Gamanagatti Shivanand , Kotwal Prakash P , Sharma Vijay 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Aims: To compare conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and direct magnetic resonance (MR) arthrography in the evaluation of triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) and intrinsic wrist ligament tears. Materials and Methods: T1-weighted, fat suppressed (FS) proton density plus T2-weighted (FS PD/T2), 3D multiple-echo data image combination (MEDIC) sequences and direct MR arthrography were performed in 53 patients with wrist pain. Images were evaluated for the presence and location of TFCC, scapholunate ligament (SLL) and lunatotriquetral ligament (LTL) tears, and imaging findings were compared with operative findings in 16 patients who underwent arthroscopy or open surgery (gold standard). Results: Sixteen patients underwent arthroscopy/open surgery: 12 TFCC tears were detected arthroscopically out of which 9 were detected on FS PD/T2 sequence, 10 on MEDIC sequence, and all 12 were detected on MR arthrography. The sensitivities of FS PD/T2, MEDIC sequences, and MR arthrography in the detection of TFCC tears were 75%, 83.3%, and 100%, respectively. Out of the eight arthroscopically confirmed SLL tears, three tears were detected on FS PD/T2 sequence, five on MEDIC sequence, and all eight were visualized on MR arthrography. The sensitivities of FS PD/T2, MEDIC sequences, and MR arthrography in detecting SLL tears were 37.5%, 62.5%, and 100%, respectively. One arthroscopically confirmed LTL tear was diagnosed on FS PD/T2 sequence, three on MEDIC sequence, and all five arthroscopically confirmed LTL tears were detected with MR arthrography. The sensitivities of PD, MEDIC sequences, and MR arthrography in detecting LTL tears were 20%, 40%, and 100%, respectively. Conclusions: MR arthrography is the most sensitive and specific imaging modality for the evaluation of wrist ligament tears.
Bone marrow lesions: A systematic diagnostic approach
Authors: Grande Filippo Del , Farahani Sahar J , Carrino John A , Chhabra Avneesh 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBone marrow lesions on magnetic resonance (MR) imaging are common and may be seen with various pathologies. The authors outline a systematic diagnostic approach with proposed categorization of various etiologies of bone marrow lesions. Utilization of typical imaging features on conventional MR imaging techniques and other problem-solving techniques, such as chemical shift imaging and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), to achieve accurate final diagnosis has been highlighted.
Antral follicle count in normal (fertility-proven) and infertile Indian women
Authors: Agarwal Arjit , Verma Ashish , Agarwal Shubhra , Shukla Ram Chandra , Jain Madhu , Srivastava Arvind 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Background: Antral follicle count (AFC) has been labeled as the most accurate biomarker to assess female fecundity. Unfortunately, no baseline Indian data exists, and we continue using surrogate values from the Western literature (inferred from studies on women, grossly different than Indian women in morphology and genetic makeup). Aims: (1) To establish the role of AFC as a function of ovarian reserve in fertility-proven and in subfertile Indian women. (2) To establish baseline cut-off AFC values for Indian women. Settings and Design: Prospective observational case-control study. Materials and Methods: Thirty patients undergoing workup for infertility were included and compared to equal number of controls (women with proven fertility). The basal ovarian volume and AFC were measured by endovaginal. USG the relevant clinical data and hormonal assays were charted for every patient. Statistical Analysis Used: SPSS platform was used to perform the Student′s t-test and Mann-Whitney U-test for intergroup comparisons. Correlations were determined by Pearson′s ranked correlation coefficient. Results: Regression analysis revealed the highest correlation of AFC and age in fertile and infertile patients with difference in mean AFC of both the groups. Comparison of the data recorded for cases and controls showed no significant difference in the mean ovarian volume. Conclusions: AFC has the closest association with chronological age in normal and infertile Indian women. The same is lower in infertile women than in matched controls. Baseline and cut-off values in Indian women are lower than that mentioned in the Western literature.
Corrosion Testing by Measurement of Local Cell Potentials★
Authors: RICE J. K. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The method of studying corrosion rates by measuring the local cell potential using a rotating electrode and stationary micro-probe reference electrode is briefly reviewed. The results are presented of applying the method to the study of the effect of different variables on the corrosion inhibition properties of hexametaphosphate on steel in aerated water systems.
Laboratory Measurement of the Corrosion of Ferrous Metals in Soils★
Authors: SCHWERDTFEGER W. J. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
A method is described for setting up soil-corrosion cells using a soil-wetting procedure that gives reproducible results. By measuring the weight losses on cell electrodes made of steel and of cast iron after exposure to various soils for six months, it was possible to compare the effects of corrosion on the two materials. It was also found that the electrode weight losses correlated with the weight losses and maximum pitting on wrought ferrous specimens exposed for 10 years at the field test sites. Because the laboratory soils covered the range of corrosivity peculiar to soils, it was possible to derive empirical equations for predicting weight loss and pitting at the end of 10 years for presumably any soil. It is also shown how reasonable adjustments can be made for areas other than that of the field specimens and for exposure periods other than 10 years.
Corrosion Resistance of Cupronickel Alloys Containing 10 to 30 Percent Nickel★
Authors: LaQUE FRANK L. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Because there has been a gradual extension to industries other than the power generation industry of the use of cupronickel alloys containing 10 to 30 percent nickel the author considers it pertinent to provide information on their resistance to corrosives other than cooling waters. This is needed because the alloys' use in heat exchanger tubes in applications where one side is exposed to various corrosives at high temperatures makes their reaction to the product side corrosive as significant as the attack on the water side.
After outlining the basic homogeneous character of the copper-nickel alloys, the author discusses the theoretical aspects of their corrosion characteristics. Tables and figures outline results of certain tests of the alloys under various stresses and exposed to various environments.
Data collected on performance in specific service are then appended, principally in the form of tabulated information, on waters other than salt waters, ammoniacal solutions, brines, alkaline solutions, petroleum products containing hydrogen sulfide, miscellaneous petroleum products, organic compounds, chlorinated solvents, sulfuric acid, halogens and halogen compounds, paper stock suspensions. 19 references, 5 figures, 15 tables.
Measurement of the Susceptibility Of Galvanized Surfaces To Humid Storage Stain
Authors: NEISH R. A. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Rapid steam tests and a water-film test have been developed for evaluating the resistance of galvanized surfaces to “humid-storage stain.” The methods presented in this paper are believed to be practical for mill control or for investigation of protective films. The necessary apparatus and procedures are described.
Sea Water Immersion Trials Of Protective Coatings
Authors: GREENBLATT J. H. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Sea water immersion trials of a variety of types of underwater compositions have shown the superior performance of vinyl finishes, both as protective and antifouling paints. Panel tests have shown that vinyl finishes can be used on cathodically protected hulls and shipboard trials have substantiated this, provided that a controlled cathodic protection system is used.