bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changing photospheric vector magnetic fields associated with a B4.2-class solar flare
Authors: Su Jiangtao , Liu Yu , Shen Yuandeng 
Published: July 2013

AbstractRecent observations have provided evidence that the solar photospheric magnetic fields could have rapid and permanent changes in both longitudinal and transverse components associated with large (X- or M-class) solar flares. However, few observations have been reported about small flares. In this paper we find the observational evidence of changing photospheric vector magnetic fields associated with a B4.2-class flare obtained with the Solar Magnetic Field Telescope (SMFT) installed at Huairou Solar Observing Station (HSOS) of Nation Astronomical Observatories of Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Observational evidence of unwinding and chirality changing in penumbral filaments by Hinode
Authors: Su Jiangtao , Liu Yu 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIn this paper, we study twisting motions of the penumbral filaments of active region NOAA 10930. At first, they made unwinding motions. After unwinding, the filaments are found to twist again and developed the opposite chirality in them. These observational results indicate that penumbral filaments are more inclined to be the twisted magnetic flux tubes in nature.
Nonlinear force-free magnetic field extrapolation in AR 11158 by GPU-DBIE
Authors: Wang Rui , Yan Yihua 
Published: July 2013

AbstractA GPU-based acceleration for the direct boundary integral equation method (GPU-DBIE) to extrapolate solar coronal magnetic fields is developed, which is about 1000 times faster than the original DBIE. The 3-d coronal magnetic field is reconstructed for NOAA 11158 on 14-Feb-2011 with the SDO/HMI vector magnetogram as bottom boundary condition. The extrapolated results agree well with the projected SDO/AIA, EUV loops and the STEREO EUV sideviews, which verifies the correctness of our GPU-DBIE method. It is also found that the group of bright EUV loops along magnetic neutral lines agree well with current lines, which may have played an important role in the flare process of the active region.
Reflection and refraction of an extreme ultraviolet wave at boundary of coronal hole
Authors: Xue Zhike , Qu Zhongquan , Yan Xiaoli , Zhao Li 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWe present reflection and refraction of a global EUV wave observed by SDO on August 4, 2011. The global EUV wave originated in the NOAA AR 11261 located at the solar northwest. Partial EUV wave stopped and partial EUV wave traversed through the active region 11263 during the propagation of the EUV wave. Partial EUV wave interacted with coronal hole and was reflected and refracted by coronal hole.
Effectiveness of brief suicide management training programme for medical residents in Japan: a cluster randomized controlled trial
Authors: Suzuki Y. , Kato T. A. , Sato R. , Fujisawa D. , Aoyama-Uehara K. , Hashimoto N. , Yonemoto N. , Fukasawa M. , Otsuka K. 
Published: July 2013

Aims.To evaluate the effectiveness of a brief suicide management training programme for Japanese medical residents compared with the usual lecture on suicidality.Methods.In this multi-center, clustered randomized controlled trial, the intervention group attended a structured suicide management programme and the control group, the usual lecture on depression and suicidality. The primary outcome was the difference in residents' cumulative competency score to manage suicidal persons from baseline (T0) to 1 month after the intervention (T2), determined using the Suicide Intervention Response Inventory (SIRI-1) score, at individual level.Results.Analysis of 114 residents (intervention group n = 65, control group n = 49) assigned to two clusters in each group revealed no change in SIRI-1 score from T0 to T2 or immediately after the intervention (T1) between the two groups. As a secondary analysis, discrepancy in judgement between the participants and Japanese suicidologists was examined immediately after the intervention in the adjusted model, with a mean difference in score of 9.98 (95% confidence interval: 4.39–15.56; p = 0.001).Conclusions.The structured programme was not proven to improve competency in suicide management when measured by the SIRI-1 score. Further elaboration of the programme and valid measurement of its outcome would be needed to show the program's effectiveness.
Vampires in the oceans: predatory cercozoan amoebae in marine habitats
Authors: Berney Cédric , Romac Sarah , Mahé Frédéric , Santini Sébastien , Siano Raffaele , Bass David 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Vampire amoebae (vampyrellids) are predators of algae, fungi, protozoa and small metazoans known primarily from soils and in freshwater habitats. They are among the very few heterotrophic naked, filose and reticulose protists that have received some attention from a morphological and ecological point of view over the last few decades, because of the peculiar mode of feeding of known species. Yet, the true extent of their biodiversity remains largely unknown. Here we use a complementary approach of culturing and sequence database mining to address this issue, focusing our efforts on marine environments, where vampyrellids are very poorly known. We present 10 new vampyrellid isolates, 8 from marine or brackish sediments, and 2 from soil or freshwater sediment. Two of the former correspond to the genera Thalassomyxa Grell and Penardia Cash for which sequence data were previously unavailable. Small-subunit ribosomal DNA analysis confirms they are all related to previously sequenced vampyrellids. An exhaustive screening of the NCBI GenBank database and of 454 sequence data generated by the European BioMarKs consortium revealed hundreds of distinct environmental vampyrellid sequences. We show that vampyrellids are much more diverse than previously thought, especially in marine habitats. Our new isolates, which cover almost the full phylogenetic range of vampyrellid sequences revealed in this study, offer a rare opportunity to integrate data from environmental DNA surveys with phenotypic information. However, the very large genetic diversity we highlight within vampyrellids (especially in marine sediments and soils) contrasts with the paradoxically low morphological distinctiveness we observed across our isolates.
Memory suppression trades prolonged fear and sleep-dependent fear plasticity for the avoidance of current fear
Authors: Kuriyama Kenichi , Honma Motoyasu , Yoshiike Takuya , Kim Yoshiharu 
Published: July 2013

AbstractSleep deprivation immediately following an aversive event reduces fear by preventing memory consolidation during homeostatic sleep. This suggests that acute insomnia might act prophylactically against the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) even though it is also a possible risk factor for PTSD. We examined total sleep deprivation and memory suppression to evaluate the effects of these interventions on subsequent aversive memory formation and fear conditioning. Active suppression of aversive memory impaired retention of event memory. However, although the remembered fear was more reduced in sleep-deprived than sleep-control subjects, suppressed fear increased and seemed to abandon the sleep-dependent plasticity of fear. Active memory suppression, which provides a psychological model for Freud's ego defense mechanism, enhances fear and casts doubt on the potential of acute insomnia as a prophylactic measure against PTSD. Our findings bring into question the role of sleep in aversive-memory consolidation in clinical PTSD pathophysiology.
Immune responses of macrophages and dendritic cells regulated by mTOR signalling
Authors: Katholnig Karl , Linke Monika , Pham Ha , Hengstschläger Markus , Weichhart Thomas 
Published: July 2013

The innate myeloid immune system is a complex network of cells that protect against disease by identifying and killing pathogens and tumour cells, but it is also implicated in homoeostatic mechanisms such as tissue remodelling and wound healing. Myeloid phagocytes such as monocytes, macrophages or dendritic cells are at the basis of controlling these immune responses in all tissues of the body. In the present review, we summarize recent studies demonstrating that mTOR [mammalian (or mechanistic) target of rapamycin] regulates innate immune reactions in macrophages and dendritic cells. The mTOR pathway serves as a decision maker to control the cellular response to pathogens and tumours by regulating the expression of inflammatory mediators such as cytokines, chemokines or interferons. In addition to various in vivo mouse models, kidney transplant patients under mTOR inhibitor therapy allowed the elucidation of important innate immune functions regulated by mTOR in humans. The role of the mTOR pathway in macrophages and dendritic cells enhances our understanding of the immune system and suggests new therapeutic avenues for the regulation of pro- versus anti-inflammatory mediators with potential relevance to cancer therapy, the design of novel adjuvants and the control of distinct infectious and autoimmune diseases.
Nutrients and growth factors in mTORC1 activation
Authors: Efeyan Alejo , Sabatini David M. 
Published: July 2013

Growth factors and nutrients regulate the mTORC1 [mammalian (or mechanistic) target of rapamycin complex 1] by different mechanisms. The players that link growth factors and mTORC1 activation have been known for several years and mouse models have validated its relevance for human physiology and disease. In contrast with the picture for growth factor signalling, the means by which nutrient availability leads to mTORC1 activation have remained elusive until recently, with the discovery of the Rag GTPases upstream of mTORC1. The Rag GTPases recruit mTORC1 to the outer lysosomal surface, where growth factor signalling and nutrient signalling converge on mTORC1 activation. A mouse model of constitutive RagA activity has revealed qualitative differences between growth-factor- and nutrient-dependent regulation of mTORC1. Regulation of mTORC1 activity by the Rag GTPases in vivo is key for enduring early neonatal starvation, showing its importance for mammalian physiology.
Calorimetric concept for measurement of power losses up to 2 kW in electric drives
Authors: Kosonen Antti , Aarniovuori Lassi , Pyrhönen Juha , Niemelä Markku , Backman Jari 
Published: July 2013

Accurate measurement of power losses in high‐efficiency devices is difficult. Measurement standards for industrial converters and complete electric drives, including both motors and converters, will come into effect soon, and measurement methods for these devices should be included. In the calorimetric method, the power losses are measured directly. However, the calorimeters presented previously are mainly tailored systems, and therefore, they typically have very complicated constructions. Hence, their applicability to the evaluation of general electric drives is limited. A functional calorimetric measurement concept is suggested in this study for power losses up to 2 kW. Such a power loss can be applied with present‐day power electronic converters up to 110 kW. The construction of the concept is simple and lightweight. It does not require a complex structure or a large area in the measurement site. The concept is scalable and duplicable for different sizes. Different devices with different cablings can be measured without any problems. The combined standard heat loss measurement uncertainty for the calorimeter is ±0.4%.
Förderung des Obst- und Gemüseverzehrs bei Schulkindern – Mission (im-)possible?
Authors: Behrendt I. , Krawinkel M. 
Published: July 2013

ZusammenfassungEine Ernährung, reich an Obst und Gemüse, ist wichtig für die physische und kognitive Entwicklung des Kindes sowie zur Prävention ernährungsabhängiger Erkrankungen. In Deutschland wurden im Mai 2009 insgesamt 816 Schulkinder (Jungen und Mädchen im Alter von 10-13 Jahren) von 14 allgemeinbildenden Schulen in Mittelhessen zum Obst- und Gemüseverzehr befragt. Anschließend wurden von November 2009–April 2010 in 7 Schulen schulische Aktivitäten zur Förderung des Obst- und Gemüseverzehrs durchgeführt. Die Interventionsgruppe erhielt Arbeitsblätter zum Thema Obst und Gemüse und führte weitere ernährungsbildende Aktivitäten durch. Die anderen sieben Schulen dienten als Kontrollgruppe. Nach der Interventionsphase wurden alle Schulen im Rahmen eines follow-up survey erneut befragt. Beide Surveys basierten auf demselben standardisierten Fragebogen zur Erfassung des Obst- und Gemüseverzehrs. Der Vergleich des baseline survey und follow-up zeigte innerhalb der Interventionsgruppe keine Veränderung der Verzehrmenge. In der Kon­trollgruppe ging der Obstverzehr allerdings signifikant zurück (p=0,034). Die Intervention beeinflusst die Diversität der verzehrten Obst- und Gemüsesorten positiv. Die PRO GREENS-Strategien bieten eine Grundlage zur Förderung des Obst- und Gemüseverzehrs bei Schulkindern. Sie sind allerdings hinsichtlich Einbezugs der Eltern, Erlebnisorientierung, Verhältnisprävention und Aufbau von langfristigen Kooperationen weiter zu verbessern, um eine vielseitige Lebensmittelauswahl und Nährstoffaufnahme zu gewährleisten.
Edwardsiellosis Caused by Edwardsiella ictaluri in Laboratory Populations of Zebrafish Danio rerio
Authors: Hawke John P. , Kent Michael , Rogge Matt , Baumgartner Wes , Wiles Judy , Shelley Johnny , Savolainen L. Christine , Wagner Robert , Murray Katy , Peterson Tracy S. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
We report the first cases of Edwardsiella ictaluri causing epizootics in laboratory populations of Zebrafish Danio rerio. Edwardsiella ictaluri is primarily recognized as a disease of catfish species and is known to cause an economically important bacterial disease of farm-raised catfish in the USA and abroad; however, it has been isolated on occasion from 10 other genera of nonictalurid fishes. We isolated E. ictaluri from moribund Zebrafish held in quarantine at two different universities in two states and from a research facility in a third state between February 23 and December 6, 2011. Edwardsiellosis in Zebrafish can be described as a severe systemic disease characterized by tissue necrosis and the presence of large numbers of extracellular and intracellular bacteria, often within macrophages. The kidneys (pronephros and mesonephros), spleen, nares, and forebrain were the most commonly and severely affected tissues. In outbreaks, mortality was acute and numerous fish died over a 1–2 week period. Mortality continued until the majority of the population was lost, at which time the remaining fish were euthanized. In addition to these cases, four cultures of bacteria isolated from Zebrafish by another diagnostic laboratory were submitted to the Louisiana Aquatic Diagnostic Laboratory for identification and were confirmed as E. ictaluri. In total, eight cultures of E. ictaluri from Zebrafish from Louisiana, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and Florida were identified. The isolates were confirmed as E. ictaluri by biochemical phenotype, API 20E (bioMérieux), and amplification and sequencing of a portion of the 16S rRNA gene. Edwardsiella ictaluri isolates from Zebrafish are believed to comprise a unique group and were differentiated from catfish isolates by exhibiting weaker motility, autoaggregation in broth, a different plasmid profile (two plasmids of 4.0 and 3.5 kb), a different API 20E code (4204000), and lack of lipopolysaccharide recognition with Mab Ed9.
Received November 9, 2012; accepted February 22, 2013
Is the Association of Diabetes With Uncontrolled Blood Pressure Stronger in Mexican Americans and Blacks Than in Whites Among Diagnosed Hypertensive Patients?
Authors: Liu Xuefeng , Song Ping 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Clinical evidence shows that diabetes may provoke uncontrolled blood pressure (BP) in hypertensive patients. However, racial differences in the associations of diabetes with uncontrolled BP outcomes among diagnosed hypertensive patients have not been evaluated.

METHODS
A total of 6,134 diagnosed hypertensive subjects aged ≥20 years were collected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2008 with a stratified multistage design. Odds ratios (ORs) and relative ORs of uncontrolled BP and effect differences in continuous BP for diabetes over race/ethnicity were derived using weighted logistic regression and linear regression models.

RESULTS
Compared with participants who did not have diabetes, non-Hispanic black participants with diabetes had a 138% higher chance of having uncontrolled BP, Mexican participants with diabetes had a 60% higher chance of having uncontrolled BP, and non-Hispanic white participants with diabetes had a 161% higher chances of having uncontrolled BP. The association of diabetes with uncontrolled BP was lower in Mexican Americans than in non-Hispanic blacks and whites (Mexican Americans vs. non-Hispanic blacks: relative OR = 0.55, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.37–0.82; Mexican Americans vs. non-Hispanic whites: relative OR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.35–0.80) and the association of diabetes with isolated uncontrolled systolic BP was lower in Mexican Americans than in non-Hispanic whites (Mexican Americans vs. non-Hispanic whites: relative OR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.40–0.96). Mexican Americans have a stronger associaton of diabetes with decreased systolic BP and diastolic BP than non-Hispanic whites, and a stronger association of diabetes with decreased diastolic BP than non-Hispanic blacks.

CONCLUSIONS
The association of diabetes with uncontrolled BP outcomes is lower despite higher prevalence of diabetes in Mexican Americans than in non-Hispanic whites. The stronger association of diabetes with BP outcomes in whites should be of clinical concern, considering they account for the majority of the hypertensive population in the United States.
Flammability of Surgical Drapes and Materials in Varying Concentrations of Oxygen
Authors: Culp William C. , Kimbrough Bradly A. , Luna Sarah 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

Background:
Over 600 operating room fires occur annually although many cases go unreported. Over 81% of operating room fires involve surgical drapes, yet limited data exist on the differing degrees of flammability of drapes and other surgical fuel sources in varying oxygen concentrations. The purpose of this study is to assess the flammability characteristics of fuels in the operating room under varying oxygen concentrations.

Methods:
Five fuel sources were analyzed in three levels of oxygen: 21%, 50%, and 100%. Three test samples of each material were burned in a manner similar to that established by the Consumer Product Safety Commission. Time to sample ignition and time to complete burn were measured with video analysis.

Results:
The median [minimum, maximum] ignition time in 21% oxygen was 0.9 s [0.3, 1.9], in 50% oxygen 0.4 s [0.1, 1.2], and in 100% oxygen 0.2 s [0.0, 0.4]. The median burn time in 21% oxygen was 20.4 s [7.8, 33.5], in 50% oxygen 3.1 s [1.4, 8.1], and in 100% oxygen 1.7 s [0.6, 2.7]. Time to ignite and total burn times decreased as oxygen concentration increased (P < 0.001). Flammability characteristics differed by material and oxygen concentration. Utility drapes and surgical gowns did not support combustion in room air, whereas other materials quickly ignited. Flash fires were detected on woven cotton materials in oxygen-enriched environments.

Conclusions:
Operating room personnel should be aware that common materials in the operating room support rapid combustion in oxygen-enriched environments. The risk of ignition and speed of fire propagation increase as oxygen exposure increases. Advances in material science may reduce perioperative fire risk.
The PYL4 A194T Mutant Uncovers a Key Role of PYR1-LIKE4/PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 2CA Interaction for Abscisic Acid Signaling and Plant Drought Resistance
Authors: Pizzio Gaston A. , Rodriguez Lesia , Antoni Regina , Gonzalez-Guzman Miguel , Yunta Cristina , Merilo Ebe , Kollist Hannes , Albert Armando , Rodriguez Pedro L. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBecause abscisic acid (ABA) is recognized as the critical hormonal regulator of plant stress physiology, elucidating its signaling pathway has raised promise for application in agriculture, for instance through genetic engineering of ABA receptors. PYRABACTIN RESISTANCE1/PYR1-LIKE (PYL)/REGULATORY COMPONENTS OF ABA RECEPTORS ABA receptors interact with high affinity and inhibit clade A phosphatases type-2C (PP2Cs) in an ABA-dependent manner. We generated an allele library composed of 10,000 mutant clones of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) PYL4 and selected mutations that promoted ABA-independent interaction with PP2CA/ABA-HYPERSENSITIVE3. In vitro protein-protein interaction assays and size exclusion chromatography confirmed that PYL4A194T was able to form stable complexes with PP2CA in the absence of ABA, in contrast to PYL4. This interaction did not lead to significant inhibition of PP2CA in the absence of ABA; however, it improved ABA-dependent inhibition of PP2CA. As a result, 35S:PYL4A194T plants showed enhanced sensitivity to ABA-mediated inhibition of germination and seedling establishment compared with 35S:PYL4 plants. Additionally, at basal endogenous ABA levels, whole-rosette gas exchange measurements revealed reduced stomatal conductance and enhanced water use efficiency compared with nontransformed or 35S:PYL4 plants and partial up-regulation of two ABA-responsive genes. Finally, 35S:PYL4A194T plants showed enhanced drought and dehydration resistance compared with nontransformed or 35S:PYL4 plants. Thus, we describe a novel approach to enhance plant drought resistance through allele library generation and engineering of a PYL4 mutation that enhances interaction with PP2CA.
Analysing the impacts of ICT on knowledge work productivity
Authors: Palvalin Miikka , Lönnqvist Antti , Vuolle Maiju 
Published: July 2013

PurposeThe potential of information and communication technology (ICT) in improving knowledge work productivity is well‐documented in the existing literature. However, prior research fails to provide means for analyzing whether the potential can be realized in a specific organizational context. Thus, this paper aims to focus on the context‐specific analysis of the impacts of ICT services on knowledge work.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses a literature review and a case study conducted in a medium‐sized European teleoperator company. The case study examines the measurement process for capturing the knowledge work productivity impacts produced by a new ICT service used by the company.FindingsICT can be used to eliminate non‐value‐adding tasks or to make them more efficient. ICT can also improve employee welfare, for example, through transforming the content of work by deleting unimportant activities. The empirical study showed that, contrary to the view presented in the prior literature, it does not seem that difficult to measure the impacts of ICT on knowledge work productivity. A key point in the measurement is identification of case‐specific impact factors by examining the characteristics of the ICT service and the organisational setting.Practical implicationsThe results of the paper will be useful for managers studying the impacts of ICT investments in their organizations.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the prior literature on ICT and knowledge work productivity by explaining how the impacts of ICT can be analysed in a given empirical context. The specific novelty value of the study lies in the new knowledge concerning the identification of the impact factors.