bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A randomized trial comparing intravenous paracetamol, topical lidocaine, and ice application for treatment of pain associated with scorpion stings
Authors: Aksel G , Güler S , Doğan NÖ , Çorbacioğlu ŞK 
Published: October 2014

Objective: Appropriate treatment for scorpion-associated pain was not previously studied in detail in the literature. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of three treatment modalities in patients with painful scorpion stings using visual analog scale (VAS) scores. Materials and Methods: A randomized study was carried out during a 1-year period in patients with scorpion stings who did not have any systemic signs or symptoms. Patients were treated with intravenous paracetamol, topical lidocaine, or ice application. Pain intensity was evaluated using VAS score at the time of presentation to emergency department and at 30th, 60th, 120th, and 240th minutes. Changes in VAS scores from baseline were recorded. Results: A total of 130 patients were included in the statistical analysis. Significant reduction in pain intensity was observed with topical lidocaine group when compared with the ice application group ( p < 0.001) and paracetamol group ( p < 0.001) in all selected time intervals. The median reduction in scores at 30 min after therapeutic intervention was 25.0 mm for topical lidocaine, 14.5 mm for ice application, and 10.0 mm for intravenous paracetamol. No adverse events were reported. Discussion: Our results revealed that topical lidocaine is superior to both intravenous paracetamol and local ice application and its effect lasts several hours after envenomation. conclusion: Topical lidocaine is an effective and safe treatment in scorpion sting associated with pain in patients with nonsystemic signs and symptoms.
Urinary sCD25 as a biomarker of lupus nephritis disease activity
Authors: Gupta R , Yadav A , Misra R , Aggarwal A 
Published: October 2014

Objectives T cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis (LN). We studied the role of urinary soluble CD25 (sCD25) as a biomarker of LN disease activity in a cross-sectional and longitudinal study. Methods Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus were classified as active LN (AN), inactive disease (ID) and active non-renal (ANR) based on disease activity and renal involvement at the time of enrolment. Urine and serum samples were collected at baseline from all patients and at 3-monthly follow-up from patients with AN. SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI) was used for disease activity assessment at all visits. sCD25 was measured by ELISA and normalized to urinary creatinine excretion and is expressed as pg/mg. Urine samples from 10 healthy individuals (HC) served as controls. Results There were 119 patients (111 females, median age 27 years, 57 AN, 43 ID, 19 ANR). Median SLEDAI was 18, 2 and 8 in AN, ID and ANR groups, respectively. Median renal SLEDAI in AN was 8. Mean (±SD) urinary sCD25 in the AN, ID, ANR and HC groups at baseline was 741.1 (±794.9), 407.8 (±511.1), 735.4 (±667.7) and 250.9 (±122.2) pg/mg respectively ( p = 0.019). Mean (±SD) serum sCD25 in AN, ID and ANR was 8285.25 (±5922.2), 6044 (±3501.92) and 6568.72 (±4333.62) pg/ml, respectively. Urinary sCD25 correlated with SLEDAI ( r = 0.22; p = 0.015) but did not correlate with serum sCD25 or proteinuria. Urinary sCD25 compares well with traditional markers of disease activity in differentiating active from inactive renal disease. On follow-up mean urinary sCD25 decreased to 470.0 (±449.6; p < 0.05) at 3 months, 496.7 (±465.8; p = 0.006) at 6 months, 471.9 (±303.2; p = 0.041) at 9 months and 358.6 (±496.9; p = 0.007) at 12 months from baseline value of 741.1 (±794.9). In four patients who either had relapse, persistent disease activity or developed chronic kidney disease, urinary sCD25 showed rise preceding traditional abnormalities on urine examination. Conclusions Urinary sCD25 is a good biomarker for follow-up of LN. It may also have the potential to predict poor response and relapse.
Idiopathic aquaporin-4 antibody negative longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis
Authors: Hyun Jae-Won , Kim Su-Hyun , Huh So-Young , Kim Woojun , Yun Junglim , Joung AeRan , Sato Douglas Kazutoshi , Fujihara Kazuo , Kim Ho Jin 
Published: October 2014

Background: Longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM) is a characteristic manifestation of neuromyelitis optica (NMO). However, not all patients with LETM are positive for aquaporin-4 (AQP4) antibodies. We evaluated the characteristics of idiopathic isolated LETM negative for AQP4 antibodies. Methods: From the National Cancer Center registry of inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system, patients with LETM as an initial manifestation and follow-up for at least two years were enrolled. Their medical records and MRIs were reviewed retrospectively. AQP4 antibody was confirmed by three different validated methods at least three times. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) levels were measured to investigate astrocyte damage. Results: Among 108 patients with first-ever LETM, 55 were positive for AQP4 antibodies (P-LETM) and 53 were consistently negative. Of them, seven were later diagnosed with seronegative NMO, and four were positive for MOG antibodies. The remaining 42 patients (N-LETM) showed several features distinct from P-LETM: male predominance, older age of onset, milder clinical presentation, spinal cord confinement and absence of combined autoimmunity. CSF GFAP levels were not increased in N-LETM but were markedly elevated in P-LETM. Conclusions: Idiopathic isolated N-LETM is not that rare among first-ever LETM, and has many features distinct from P-LETM where astrocytic damage is evident.
Risk factors for multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica and transverse myelitis
Authors: Simon KC , Schmidt H , Loud S , Ascherio A 
Published: October 2014

Background: Little is known about risk factors for neuromyelitis optica (NMO) or transverse myelitis (TM). Objective: The objective of this paper is to evaluate whether established multiple sclerosis (MS) risk factors, including smoking history, a history of infectious mononucleosis (IM), anti-EBNA1 Ab titers and HLA-DR15 are associated with NMO or TM. Methods: We conducted a case-control study among participants in the Accelerated Cure Project for Multiple Sclerosis (ACP) Repository, which includes patients with MS, NMO and TM. Controls include related and unrelated individuals without evidence of demyelinating disease. Analyses included 1237 cases of MS, 98 cases of NMO, 133 cases of TM and 488 healthy controls. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were used to assess the association between smoking, HLA-DR15, anti-EBNA1 Ab titers and a history of IM adjusting for gender, study site and ethnicity. Results: Overall, the association between smoking, IM, HLA-DR15 and anti-EBNA1 Ab titers and odds of MS were as expected and no significant interactions were observed. However, there was little evidence of association between these MS risk factors and odds of NMO or TM. Conclusions: Established MS risk factors do not appear to be associated with susceptibility to TM or NMO and, among MS patients, these risk factors appear to act independently.
Natalizumab for the prevention of post-partum relapses in women with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Vukusic Sandra , Durand-Dubief Françoise , Benoit Amandine , Marignier Romain , Frangoulis Bernard , Confavreux Christian 
Published: October 2014

Objective: Our aim was to evaluate the impact of early redosing of natalizumab after delivery on the risk of post-partum relapses in six women with very active multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods: We undertook a retrospective analysis of data collected prospectively in the Lyon MS Cohort. Results: The annualized relapse rate (ARR) in the year before natalizumab treatment was 4.2 ±0.4, which decreased to 0.4 ±0.6 during the treatment period. The mean time between natalizumab withdrawal and onset of pregnancy was 9 months; one pregnancy was exposed to one infusion. The ARR between natalizumab withdrawal and onset of pregnancy was 1.8 ±0.7. Six relapses occurred before onset of pregnancy and seven during pregnancy. Natalizumab was restarted 7.8 days after delivery (between day 2 and 8 for five patients and on day 23 for one). Only one patient, who had restarted natalizumab 2 days after delivery, had a relapse 2 weeks later. The others five patients were relapse free after a mean of 14.2 ±9.1 months of follow-up. Conclusion: Despite a high risk of post-partum relapses, early redosing of natalizumab led to a complete disappearance of disease activity in all but one patient. These data suggest that natalizumab could be a good candidate for preventing early post-partum relapses.
First step toward near-infrared continuous glucose monitoring: in vivo evaluation of antibody coupled biomaterials
Authors: Gellynck Karolien , Kodeck Valérie , Van De Walle Elke , Kersemans Ken , De Vos Filip , Declercq Heidi , Dubruel Peter , Vlaminck Lieven , Cornelissen Maria 
Published: October 2014

Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is crucial in diabetic care. Long-term CGM systems however require an accurate sensor as well as a suitable measuring environment. Since large intravenous sensors are not feasible, measuring inside the interstitial fluid is considered the best alternative. This option, unfortunately, has the drawback of a lag time with blood glucose values. A good strategy to circumvent this is to enhance tissue integration and enrich the peri-implant vasculature. Implants of different optically transparent biomaterials (poly(methyl-methacrylate) [PMMA] and poly(dimethylsiloxane) [PDMS]) – enabling glucose monitoring in the near-infrared (NIR) spectrum – were surface-treated and subsequently implanted in goats at various implantation sites for up to 3 months. The overall in vivo biocompatibility, tissue integration, and vascularization at close proximity of the surfaces of these materials were assessed. Histological screening showed similar tissue reactions independent of the implantation site. No significant inflammation reaction was observed. Tissue integration and vascularization correlated, to some extent, with the biomaterial composition. A modification strategy, in which a vascular endothelial-cadherin antibody was coupled to the biomaterials surface through a dopamine layer, showed significantly enhanced vascularization 3 months after subcutaneous implantation. Our results suggest that the developed strategy enables the creation of tissue interactive NIR transparent packaging materials, opening the possibility of continuous glucose monitoring.
Salivary Protein Glycosylation as a Noninvasive Biomarker for Assessment of Glycemia
Authors: Rao Paturi V. , Laurie Amber , Bean Eric S. , Roberts Charles T. , Nagalla Srinivasa R. 
Published: October 2014

Background: Assessment of short-term glycemic control can facilitate monitoring of diabetes development in at-risk individuals and monitoring response to lifestyle modification or medication. We evaluated salivary protein glycosylation levels as a novel, noninvasive, short-term glycemic index in comparison to hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fructosamine, 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG), and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM). Methods: Ten subjects with type 2 diabetes were monitored by CGM and saliva and blood were collected at baseline and days 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28 for determination of salivary protein glycosylation, serum fructosamine, and serum 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) levels, as well as HbA1c (baseline and day 28). Weekly, 14-day, 21-day, and 28-day summary blood glucose measures from CGM were computed and matched to the time of each study visit. Results: Salivary protein glycosylation exhibited a moderate correlation with fructosamine ( r = .65) and 1,5-AG ( r = –.48) at baseline, and weak correlation with HbA1c ( r = .3). Conclusions: Salivary protein glycosylation exhibited a stronger correlation than fructosamine and 1,5-AG with 7-, 14-, and 21-day average BG ( r = .84, .84, and .69, respectively, vs –.37, –.28, and .00 [fructosamine] and .00, –.21, and –.57 [1,5-AG]), maximum BG ( r = .79, .76, and .53 vs –.09, –.21, and –.05 [fructosamine] and –.32, –.27, and –.52 [1,5-AG]), and percentage of time over 140 mg/dL ( r = .87, .79, and .59 vs –.26, –.32, and .07 [fructosamine] and –.04, –.10, and –.50 [1,5-AG]). Salivary protein glycosylation represents a promising noninvasive technology for monitoring short-term glycemic control.
Postoperative Morbidity by Procedure and Patient Factors Influencing Major Complications Within 30 Days Following Shoulder Surgery
Authors: Shields Edward , Iannuzzi James C. , Thorsness Robert , Noyes Katia , Voloshin Ilya 
Published: October 2014

Background: Little data are available to prioritize quality improvement initiatives in shoulder surgery. Purpose: To stratify the risk for 30-day postoperative morbidity in commonly performed surgical procedures about the shoulder completed in a hospital setting and to determine patient factors associated with major complications. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: This retrospective study utilized the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database from the years 2005 to 2010. Using Current Procedural Terminology codes, the database was queried for shoulder cases that were divided into 7 groups: arthroscopy without repair; arthroscopy with repair; arthroplasty; clavicle/acromioclavicular joint (AC) open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF)/repair; ORIF of proximal humeral fracture; open tendon release/repair; and open shoulder stabilization. The primary end point was any major complication, with secondary end points of incisional infection, return to the operating room, and venothromboembolism (VTE), all within 30 days of surgery. Results: Overall, 11,086 cases were analyzed. The overall major complication rate was 2.1% (n = 234). Factors associated with major complications on multivariate analysis included: procedure performed ( P < .001), emergency case ( P < .001), pulmonary comorbidity ( P < .001), preoperative blood transfusion ( P = .033), transfer from an outside institution ( P = .03), American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score ( P = .006), wound class ( P < .001), dependent functional status ( P = .027), and age older than 60 years ( P = .01). After risk adjustment, open shoulder stabilization was associated with the greatest risk of major complications relative to arthroscopy without repair (odds ratio [OR], 5.56; P = .001), followed by ORIF of proximal humerus fracture (OR, 4.90; P < .001) and arthroplasty (OR, 4.40; P < .001). These 3 groups generated over 60% of all major complications. Open shoulder stabilization had the highest odds of reoperation (OR, 8.34; P < .001), while ORIF of proximal humerus fracture had the highest risk for VTE (OR, 6.47; P = .001) compared with the reference group of arthroscopy without repair. Conclusion: Multivariable analysis of the NSQIP database suggests that open shoulder stabilization, ORIF for proximal humerus fractures, and shoulder arthroplasty are associated with the highest risk of major complications within 30 days after shoulder surgery in a hospital setting. Age, functional status, ASA score, pulmonary comorbidity, emergency case, preoperative blood transfusion, and transfer from an outside institution are patient variables that significantly influence complication risk.
Incorporation of Cr, Mn and Ni into goethite (α-FeOOH): mechanism from extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy
Authors: Singh Balwant , Sherman D. M. , Gilkes R. J . , Wells M. A. , Mosselmans J . F. W. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe crystal-chemical mechanisms by which transition metals are associated with goethite are fundamental to our understanding of the solubility and bioavailability of micronutrients and heavy metals in soils, and in the formation of laterite ore deposits. Transition metals such as Cr, Mn and Ni may sorb onto goethite by forming surface precipitates, surface complexes or by replacing Fe3+ in the goethite structure. In the work reported here, we investigated the local coordination environment of Cr, Mn and Ni in synthetic goethite using EXAFS spectroscopy. We demonstrate the isomorphous substitution for Fe3+ by Cr3+ (up to 8 mol.%), Mn3+ (up to 15 mol.%) and Ni2+ (up to 5 mol.%). We find, however, that the next-nearest-neighbour coordination environment changes with composition. The perturbations are likely to be responsible for limiting the accommodation of Cr3+, Mn3+ or Ni2+ in the FeOOH structure.
Clinical and laboratory predictors of chronic immune thrombocytopenia in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Heitink-Pollé Katja M. J. , Nijsten Joyce , Boonacker Chantal W. B. , de Haas Masja , Bruin Marrie C. A. 
Published: October 2014

Key PointsOlder age, insidious onset, no preceding infection, mild bleeding, and higher platelet count are the strongest risk factors for chronic ITP. Intravenous immunoglobulin treatment seems to protect against development of chronic ITP.
Epidemiology of incident immune thrombocytopenia: a nationwide population-based study in France
Authors: Moulis Guillaume , Palmaro Aurore , Montastruc Jean-Louis , Godeau Bertrand , Lapeyre-Mestre Maryse , Sailler Laurent 
Published: October 2014

Key PointsIncidence of ITP was 2.9/100 000 person-years with age, seasonal, and regional variations; in adults, 18% were secondary. Severe (gastrointestinal or central nervous system) bleeding at ITP onset was rare (<1%); the risk increased with age.
Cell behaviour on a polyaniline nanoprotrusion structure surface
Authors: Nam Hyoryung , An Taechang , Lim Geunbae 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The extracellular matrix provides mechanical support and affects cell behaviour. Nanoscale structures have been shown to have functions similar to the extracellular matrix. In this study, we fabricated nanoprotrusion structures with polyaniline as cell culture plates using a simple method and determined the effects of these nanoprotrusion structures on cells.
Methylomic profiling of human brain tissue supports a neurodevelopmental origin for schizophrenia
Authors: Pidsley Ruth , Viana Joana , Hannon Eilis , Spiers Helen , Troakes Claire , Al-Saraj Safa , Mechawar Naguib , Turecki Gustavo , Schalkwyk Leonard C , Bray Nicholas J , Mill Jonathan 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Background
Schizophrenia is a severe neuropsychiatric disorder that is hypothesized to result from disturbances in early brain development. There is mounting evidence to support a role for developmentally regulated epigenetic variation in the molecular etiology of the disorder. Here, we describe a systematic study of schizophrenia-associated methylomic variation in the adult brain and its relationship to changes in DNA methylation across human fetal brain development.

Results
We profile methylomic variation in matched prefrontal cortex and cerebellum brain tissue from schizophrenia patients and controls, identifying disease-associated differential DNA methylation at multiple loci, particularly in the prefrontal cortex, and confirming these differences in an independent set of adult brain samples. Our data reveal discrete modules of co-methylated loci associated with schizophrenia that are enriched for genes involved in neurodevelopmental processes and include loci implicated by genetic studies of the disorder. Methylomic data from human fetal cortex samples, spanning 23 to 184 days post-conception, indicates that schizophrenia-associated differentially methylated positions are significantly enriched for loci at which DNA methylation is dynamically altered during human fetal brain development.

Conclusions
Our data support the hypothesis that schizophrenia has an important early neurodevelopmental component, and suggest that epigenetic mechanisms may mediate these effects.
Tacrolimus ameliorates functional disturbances and oxidative stress in isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction
Authors: Khorrami Arash , Hammami Mojtaba , Garjani Mehraveh , Maleki-Dizaji Nasrin , Garjani Alireza 
Published: October 2014

Abstract

Background
The inflammatory responses play a major role in the pathogenesis of acute myocardial infarction (MI). Early inhibition of inflammation may improve post MI cardiac function. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of tacrolimus on cardiac function, hemodynamic parameters as well as histopathologic and electrocardiographic changes in isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction.

Methods
Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups of control, isoproterenol alone, tacrolimus alone, and isoproterenol plus tacrolimus (0.5, 1 and 2 mg/kg). Isoproterenol (100 mg/kg) was injected subcutaneously for two consecutive days to induce myocardial infarction, and simultaneously tacrolimus was administered orally twice a day for three days.

Results and conclusions
Administration of isoproterenol resulted in myocardial edema and necrosis as well as a marked reduction in the left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), left ventricular contractility (LVdP/dtmax) and relaxation (LVdP/dtmin) along with a severe elevation in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP). Isoproterenol also elevated the ST-segment and suppressed the R-amplitude and R-R interval on ECG. It was found that all doses of tacrolimus could amend the ECG pattern and ameliorated the isoproterenol induced disturbances in cardiac function. Acute and short term treatment with tacrolimus at dose of 2 mg/kg significantly (P < 0.001) improved LVdP/dtmax from 2712 ± 82 in myocardial infarcted rats to 4592 ± 149 mmHg/sec. Similarly, tacrolimus lowered LVEDP from 17.6 ± 0.68 in MI group to the value of 5.6 ± 0.22 mmHg (P < 0.001). Furthermore, tacrolimus was found to reduce malondialdehyde concentration in serum and myocardium by 50-70% (P < 0.001).
The results of this study showed that acute treatment with tacrolimus, coincided with the occurrence of myocardial infarction, strongly protected the myocardium against the isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction; where this might be due to the anti-inflammatory properties of tacrolimus.