bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Licht und Erleuchtung im Rappoltsteiner Parzifal
Authors: Dietl Cora 
Published: November 2013

Zusammenfassung:
Die aktuelle Forschung hat wiederholt beobachtet, dass in der höfischen Literatur des 13. Jahrhunderts dem Licht und dem Schauen eine besondere Bedeutung zukommt und dass ab der zweiten Hälfte des 13. Jahrhunderts auch die religiöse Literatur das Licht-Motiv für sich entdeckt: Hier gilt das Licht als eine Form der Mitteilung des Göttlichen, das sich jedoch einem vollkommenen Einblick entzieht. Wo im fiktionalen Raum über das Göttliche gesprochen wird, wie insbesondere in den Gralsromanen, lässt sich ein besonders reicher und differenzierter Gebrauch von Lichtmetaphorik erwarten. Diese Vermutung bestätigt der vorliegende Beitrag am Beispiel des Rappoltsteiner Parzifal, einer spätmittelalterlichen deutschen Kompilation und recht getreuen deutschen Übersetzung der französischen Perceval-Fortsetzungen, die mit Wolframs Parzival und der der Elucidation kombiniert werden. Die in der Elucidation (welche bereits in ihrem Titel mit Lichtmetaphorik spielt) zum Ausdruck gebrachte Problematik des Sprechens vom Gral und die in Wolframs Prolog formulierte narrative Verdunkelungstechnik werden im Rappoltsteiner Parzifal zusammengefasst zu einer Idee des Erzählens von einer aufgrund ihrer Durchtränktheit mit Licht unsagbaren Erzählung. Der Roman weist durchgängig einen sehr gezielten Umgang mit Licht- und Dunkelheitsmomenten auf, die in der deutschen Bearbeitung noch stärker hervorgehoben sind als in den französischen Vorlagen. Ein helles Licht, das in eine tiefe Dunkelheit einbricht, scheint hier eine Nähe des Göttlichen anzuzeigen. Es regt die Protagonisten dazu an, dem Licht zu folgen, in der Hoffnung, dass sie ein Wissen über Gott und den Gral erringen könnten. Der Handlungsverlauf deckt jedoch auf, dass das Licht viel eher als eine Versuchung zu verstehen ist, den menschlichen intellektuellen Kräften zu vertrauen, dass sie über die Sinneswahrnehmung zu Wissen gelangen könnten, nicht auf dem Weg des Vertrauens in die göttliche Offenbarung. Vielleicht kann man in dieser Wendung einen Einfluss der spätmittelalterlichen Spiritualität auf den späten Artusroman erkennen.
A comparison of regularization methods for identifying unknown source problem for the modified Helmholtz equation
Authors: Zhao Jingjun , Liu Songshu , Liu Tao 
Published: November 2013

Abstract.
In this paper, three regularization methods,
such as the mollification method, the modified Tikhonov regularization
method, the Fourier regularization method, for the identification of an
unknown source for the modified Helmholtz equation are considered
and compared. We have solved the model problem with these methods,
investigated the differences between them, analyzed their
convergence estimates under a priori choice of the regularization
parameter and proved the effectiveness of these methods. Two
numerical examples are provided to show the main results.
Special Education Referrals and Disciplinary Actions for Latino Students in the United States
Authors: Moreno Gerardo , Segura-Herrera Theresa 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Latino students are the largest growing minority group in the U.S. school system. However, there are critical barriers that impeded the development of sustained academic success for this particular population. Latino students have been found to be over-represented in the delivery of disciplinary actions and in the identification of disabilities in special education populations. While the two concerns may appear to be separate, they are interdependent as a history of disciplinary actions can lead to an unjustified referral to special education for evaluation. The coupling of high disciplinary actions and biased referrals to special education has led to the over-representation of Latino students with emotional/behavioral disorders (EBD). In this article, we discuss the contextual background of Latino students in today’s schools, the excessive use of disciplinary actions for them, and their disproportionate representation in special education populations. Additionally, we present two recommended actions as a pair of first steps to address the improper referral pipeline.
The Substance of Things Hoped For: Do State Faith-Based and Community Partnership Offices and Liaisons Help Grassroots Organizations Get Federal Funding?
Authors: Sloan Margaret F. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn response to The White House Office of Faith-Based and Community Initiatives (FBCI, later renamed the Office of Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships, FBNP), many states either created an FBCI office within state government or established a state liaison to the federal program through a nonprofit organization. While the offices have multiple stated goals, the acquisition of federal funding for community organizations within their respective states is a fairly consistent, and critical, goal for most of these offices. Using a multivariate regression model and a survey of state liaison offices, this mixed methods study finds that there is no difference between states with liaisons and states without with respect to federal funding for community organizations in their states and identifies barriers to their successful achievement of funding objectives. A survey of state FBNP offices detailing budgets, staffing, and reporting structures, among other things, indicates that a lack of unrestricted funds, lack of adequate staffing, and decreasing political salience are contributing factors.
Post-irradiation effects on gamma-irradiated nylon 6,12 fibers
Authors: Menchaca-Campos Carmina , Martínez-Barrera Gonzalo , López-Valdivia Héctor , Carrasco Héctor , Álvarez-Castillo Alberto 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Post-irradiation effects on nylon 6,12 crystalline fibers gamma-irradiated 6 years previously (6YI) were studied, including thermal stability and morphology; their relationship with storage time was also studied. The results of these studies were compared with those obtained for non-irradiated (NI) and namely freshly irradiated (FI) crystalline fibers. The results include analyses like thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential thermal analysis (DTA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical images for (6YI and FI) both kinds of nylon 6,12 fibers. The results showed that the most prominent effect is related to the reaction progress. The chain scission and/or crosslinking mechanisms, as well as the free radicals, allow proceeding with the reaction, and consequently, changes on the properties of the FI samples. The melting point, degree of crystallinity, degradation temperature and morphology prove that additional chemical reactions and surface modifications keep occurring in the fibers long after the irradiation process has ended. With storage time, the surface becomes rougher, the color turns yellowish, the melting point diminishes and the degree of crystallinity increases.
Study on the effect of virgin and recycled chloroprene rubber (vCR and rCR) on the properties of natural rubber/chloroprene rubber (NR/CR) blends
Authors: Salleh Siti Z. , Ismail Hanafi , Ahmad Zulkifli 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The effects of various ratios of virgin chloroprene rubber (vCR) and recycled chloroprene rubber (rCR) with a constant content of carbon black (CB) on the properties of natural rubber/chloroprene rubber NR/CR blends were studied. The minimum torque (ML), maximum torque (MH), scorch time, and cure time increased with the addition of both CRs and the effects of rCR were more pronounced than vCR on these properties. The tensile strength and fatigue life of the NR/vCR blends increased with an addition of vCR up to 25 phr and then decreased with a higher vCR. However, NR/rCR blends reflected otherwise for both properties. The elongation at break and swelling percentage of NR/CR blends decreased with the addition of both vCR and rCR.
Synthesis of a novel silicone based copolymeric surfactant and application in emulsion polymerization
Authors: Naghash Hamid Javaherian , Sheikhbahaei Mohammad Hossein 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
A novel silicone-containing acrylic monomer, trimethylsiloxybutoxy dimethylsiloxybutyl acrylate (TSBA) and diethylene glycol monoallyl ether (DGME) was synthesized successfully. Then, a novel copolymeric surfactant was prepared by the free radical polymerization of TSBA and DGME in the presence of dioxane and azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as a solvent and initiator, respectively. Next, a series of polyvinyl acetate (PVAc), 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (2-EHA) and polystyrene (PSt) latexes were successfully synthesized, each one throughout by the emulsion copolymerization in the presence of a copolymeric surfactant. This copolymeric surfactant exhibited excellent surface activity and the surface tension decreased with an increase in the concentration of the copolymeric surfactant.
Solvent-initiator compatibility and sensitivity of conversion of styrene homo-polymerization
Authors: Kehinde Abiola J. , Usman Mohammed A. , Owolabi Rasheed U. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Efforts were made to synthesize polystyrene (PS) using free radical solution polymerization. Four common solvents with dissimilar polarities, acetone, chloroform, benzene and toluene, with two different initiators, were selected. The homo-polymerization was conducted in an ace round-bottom pressure flask of diameter 62 mm, with a thermo well, which housed the thermometer. The reaction temperature was maintained at 120°C using a heater with a temperature controller, coupled with a magnetically driven stirrer. One hundred experimental runs of 8 different groups were carried out. Polymerization was conducted in the mass concentration of 0.1 g for each initiator [benzoyl peroxide (BPO) and its blend]. The key parameter considered is the volume ratio of monomer to solvents under different types of solvents, initiators and reaction time. Initially, there was an increase in conversion with the solvent volume and time, until a certain point where there was a gradual decline in monomer conversion. Polymerization rate and monomer conversion were observed to be higher in polar solvents (acetone). Further presented in this study is the macromolecular architecture (molecular weight) and micro-structure of some of the solution polymerized monomer. A kinetic model was also presented to predict the conversion with time profile of the polymerization process. Molecular weight determined were between acceptable ranges while the model presented though with considerable error margin but seems to respond just fairly at extremely low monomer conversion. Similar response was observed from earlier model reported in literature when tested with our experimental data.
Augmented-Reality-basierte Interaktion mit Smartphone-Systemen zur
Unterstützung von Servicetechnikern
Authors: Bockholt Ulrich , Wientapper Folker , Wuest Harald , Fellner Dieter 
Published: November 2013

Zusammenfassung
Smartphonesysteme erfordern neue Interaktionsparadigmen, die
die integrierte Sensorik auswerten (GPS, Inertial, Kompass), die
aber insbesondere auf die Smartphonekamera aufsetzten, mit der die
Umgebung aufgezeichnet wird. In diesem Zusammenhang liefern
Augmented Reality Verfahren großes Potential besonders für
industrielle Anwendung bei Wartungs- und
Instandsetzungsarbeiten.
Multimodale blickbasierte Interaktion
Authors: Pfeiffer Thies , Wachsmuth Ipke 
Published: November 2013

Zusammenfassung
Unsere Augen sind für die Wahrnehmung unserer Umwelt wichtig
und geben gleichzeitig wertvolle Informationen über unsere
Aufmerksamkeit und damit unsere Denkprozesse preis. Wir Menschen
nutzen dies ganz natürlich in der alltäglichen Kommunikation. Mit
einer echtzeitfähigen Blickbewegungsmessung ausgestattet können
auch technische Systeme den Nutzern wichtige Informationen von den
Augen ablesen. Der Artikel beschreibt verschiedene Ansätze wie in
der Konstruktion, der Instruktion von Robotern oder der Medizin
Blickbewegungen nutzbringend eingesetzt werden können.
Visuelle Perzeption für die multimodale Mensch-Maschine-Interaktion in und mit aufmerksamen Räumen
Authors: Voit Michael , van de Camp Florian , Ijsselmuiden Joris , Schick Alexander , Stiefelhagen Rainer 
Published: November 2013

Zusammenfassung
Im Rahmen des Fraunhofer-internen Attract-Förderprojektes
„Visuelle Perzeption für die Mensch-Maschine Interaktion –
Interaktion in und mit aufmerksamen Räumen” wird am Fraunhofer
IOSB an der Entwicklung interaktiver, wahrnehmender Umgebungen
gearbeitet, welche mit Kameras Personen, deren Position,
Körperhaltung, Kopfdrehung und Gestik in Echtzeit erfassen können.
Die gewonnene Information wird dazu genutzt, Personen bei Ihrer
Zusammenarbeit sowie bei der Interaktion, beispielsweise mit einer
großen Videowand oder anderen Geräten, zu unterstützen. Dieser
Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die im Rahmen des Projektes
entworfene Infrastruktur einer aufmerksamen Umgebung sowie
praxisnahe Anwendungsfälle, in denen die entwickelten Technologien
neuartige Lösungsansätze zur Optimierung bestehender Prozesse
ermöglichen.
Biosignale-basierte Mensch-Maschine Schnittstellen
Authors: Schultz Tanja , Amma Christoph , Wand Michael , Heger Dominic , Putze Felix 
Published: November 2013

Zusammenfassung
Menschliche Kommunikation basiert auf Signalen wie Sprache,
Mimik oder Gestik und deren Interpretation erscheint uns Menschen
sehr natürlich. Aus diesem Grund wird seit langem daran
geforscht, diese Fähigkeiten auf die Mensch-Maschine-Interaktion
(MMI) zu übertragen. Die Fokussierung auf die Imitation
menschlicher Kommunikation lässt allerdings außer Acht, dass
neuartige Sensoren mittlerweile Möglichkeit für Schnittstellen
eröffnen, die Informationen nutzen können, welche dem Menschen
unzugänglich sind. Dieser Artikel stellt laufende
Forschungsarbeiten im Bereich der biosignalbasierten
Mensch-Maschine Interaktion vor, wie beispielsweise „Airwriting“,
das dreidimensionale Bewegungen der Hand beim Schreiben in die
Luft erfasst und diese Eingabe in Text konvertiert, die Lautlose
Sprachkommunikation, die auf artikulatorischen Muskelbewegungen
basiert, sowie adaptive Interaktionssysteme, die Gehirnaktivitäten
des Benutzers interpretieren, um ermittelten mentalen Zustände wie
kognitive Aktivität und Arbeitsbelastung zur dynamischen Anpassung
des Systemverhaltens heranzuziehen. Das Ziel dieser Forschung ist
es, eine neue Generation von menschenzentrierten
Interaktionssystemen zu entwickeln, die sich den Bedürfnissen
seiner Nutzer anpassen, um so intuitive, effiziente, robuste und
adaptive Mechanismen zur Interaktion und Kommunikation mit
Maschinen und durch Maschinen zu realisieren.
Intravenous Magnesium Sulfate for Vaso-occlusive Episodes in Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Goldman Ran D. , Mounstephen William , Kirby-Allen Melanie , Friedman Jeremy N. 
Published: November 2013

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Vaso-occlusive episodes (VOEs) are the most common complication of sickle cell disease in children. Treatment with magnesium seems to improve cellular hydration and may result in reduced vaso-occlusion. This study aimed to determine if intravenous (IV) magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) reduces length of stay (LOS) in hospital, pain scores, and cumulative analgesia when compared with placebo.

METHODS:
Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in children aged 4 to 18 years requiring admission to hospital with a sickle cell disease VOE requiring IV analgesia. Participating children received IV MgSO4 (100 mg/kg) every 8 hours or placebo in addition to standard therapy. We used a t test or Mann-Whitney test (continuous variables), Fisher’s exact test, or χ2 test (frequencies). P values were considered significant if &lt;.05, and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for the difference between groups.

RESULTS:
One hundred six children were randomly assigned to the study, and 104 were included. Fifty-one (49%) received MgSO4. Children’s mean age was 12.4 years (range: 4–18 years; SD: 3.8 years), and 56 (54%) were females. There was no significant difference in the primary outcome measure, LOS in hospital, with a mean of 132.6 and 117.7 hours in the MgSO4 and placebo groups, respectively (P = .41). There was no significant difference between groups for the secondary outcomes of mean pain scores (4.9 ± 2.6 vs 4.8 ± 2.6, respectively; P = .92) or analgesic requirements (continuous morphine infusion [P = .928], boluses of IV morphine [P = .82], acetaminophen [P = .34], ibuprofen [P = .15], naproxen [P = .10]). Only minor adverse events were recorded in both groups. Pain at the infusion site was more common in the MgSO4 group.

CONCLUSIONS:
IV MgSO4 was well tolerated but had no effect on the LOS in hospital, pain scores, or cumulative analgesia use in admitted children with a VOE.
Bridging disciplines to better elucidate the evolution of early Homo sapiens in southern Africa
Authors: Lombard Marlize , Schlebusch Carina , Soodyall Himla 
Published: November 2013

Elucidating the history of Homo sapiens has been a passion shared by many researchers spanning several decades. There are now overwhelming lines of evidence from genetic, archaeological, palaeoanthropological and, to some extent, palaeoenvironmental research, that place Africa as the region of origin of our species. The different fields of study use diverse types of data, and methods are subject to variances introduced by mutation rates, time estimates and/or sampling biases. All of these approaches have their respective shortcomings and error ranges and are accompanied by intense debate. Yet, it is timeous to review the most recent and salient highlights that the different approaches are contributing towards explaining our deep history and ancestry. It is, after all, one history, and consequently, there ought to be several convergent patterns between data sets. Our focus is to present an updated regional synthesis from each discipline for a specific window in time within the southern African context, namely between ~160 ka and 85 ka, and to speculate about possible connections between data sets for this period. Even though our focus is specific in time and space, it is not intended to consider southern Africa in isolation from the rest of Africa or to suggest a singular ‘origins’ locale for modern Homo sapiens. We hope that this integrated approach will stimulate discussions to include broader time periods within Africa and between continents.
Molecular characterisation of Mycoplasma gallisepticum genotypes from chickens in Zimbabwe and South Africa
Authors: Moretti Serena A. , Boucher Charlotte E. , Bragg Robert R. 
Published: November 2013

Mycoplasma gallisepticum is an economically important pathogen of poultry worldwide. Yet the characterisation of M. gallisepticum field strains present in southern Africa has not previously been reported. We characterised various M. gallisepticum genotypes within the region and highlight the unique differences between two genotypes found in South Africa and Zimbabwe. PCR targeting a partial region of the mgc2 gene was used to screen various poultry farms in South Africa and Zimbabwe for M. gallisepticum. Samples were characterised using multilocus gene-targeted sequencing. Portions of the surface protein encoding pvpA, gapA and mgc2 genes and the uncharacterised surface lipoprotein gene designated MGA_0319 were sequenced and analysed. Nucleotide sequences were compared to vaccine and reference strains as well as to strains from different countries. The South African genotype contained unique mgc2 and pvpA gene regions, while the Zimbabwean genotype proved to be even more distinct with unique gapA, mgc2 and pvpA gene regions. In addition, BLAST results showed high similarities in the partial mgc2 gene region between the South African and Zimbabwean genotypes and the ‘atypical’ Israeli RV-2 strain, suggesting a link in its epidemiology. These results also allow for improved control strategies for southern Africa, and the use of more effective vaccine strains.
Microvasculature of the suspensory ligament of the forelimb of horses
Authors: Williams Megan R. , Arnoczky Steven P. , Pease Anthony P. , Stick John A. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Objective—To determine the microvascular anatomy of the suspensory ligament of the forelimb of horses.
Sample—17 cadaveric forelimbs from 9 adult horses with no known history of forelimb lameness.
Procedures—The median artery of the forelimb was cannulated proximal to the antebrachiocarpal joint and injected with contrast medium for CT evaluation of the gross vasculature (n = 2) or India ink to evaluate the microvasculature (12). Routine histologic evaluation was performed on an additional 3 forelimbs to confirm the microvascular anatomy.
Results—The vascular supply of the suspensory ligament of the forelimb originated from branches of the medial and lateral palmar and palmar metacarpal vessels as well as the proximal and distal deep palmar arches. An abundant, longitudinally oriented microvascular supply was evident throughout the length of the suspensory ligament without distinct variation among the proximal, midbody, and distal regions. The intraligamentous blood supply originated from a periligamentous vascular plexus that surrounded the suspensory ligament throughout its length. Histologic findings indicated the presence of a periligamentous connective tissue plexus, which contained vessels that penetrated and anastomosed with an extensive network of intraligamentous vessels throughout the length of the suspensory ligament.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The suspensory ligament of the equine forelimb had an abundant intraligamentous microvascular supply throughout its entire length. The absence of an obvious hypovascular area suggested that regional variations in healing rates of the suspensory ligament are not associated with the microvascular anatomy.
Short-term effect of ovariectomy on measures of insulin sensitivity and response to dexamethasone administration in horses
Authors: Bertin François R. , Pader Karine S. , Lescun Timothy B. , Sojka-Kritchevsky Janice E. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the effect of ovariectomy on insulin sensitivity in horses and determine whether the effects of suppression of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis differ before and after ovariectomy.
Animals—6 healthy mares.
Procedures—The horses underwent an IV glucose tolerance test (IVGTT), an insulin sensitivity test, and a dexamethasone suppression test before and 5 weeks after ovariectomy. Body weight, serum cortisol and plasma ACTH concentrations, serum insulin-to-blood glucose concentration ratios, and changes in blood glucose concentration with time after injection of glucose or insulin were compared before and after ovariectomy.
Results—The dexamethasone injection resulted in a decrease in serum cortisol concentration before and after ovariectomy. In all horses, baseline plasma ACTH concentrations were within the reference range before and after ovariectomy. For each mare, results of an IVGTT before and after ovariectomy were considered normal. No significant differences in basal blood glucose concentration or time to reach baseline glucose concentration after an IVGTT were observed. Basal serum insulin concentration and serum insulin-to-blood glucose concentration ratios were not significantly different before or after ovariectomy, nor was the mean time to attain a 50% decrease in blood glucose concentration after insulin injection.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that ovariectomy does not appear to modify dexamethasone response in horses and that it does not modify short-term measures of insulin sensitivity. Findings suggested that horses undergoing ovariectomy are not at higher risk of developing equine metabolic syndrome or hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction and associated morbidity.