bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
VIII. NIH TOOLBOX COGNITION BATTERY (CB): COMPOSITE SCORES OF CRYSTALLIZED, FLUID, AND OVERALL COGNITION
Authors: Akshoomoff Natacha , Beaumont Jennifer L. , Bauer Patricia J. , Dikmen Sureyya S. , Gershon Richard C. , Mungas Dan , Slotkin Jerry , Tulsky David , Weintraub Sandra , Zelazo Philip David , Heaton Robert K. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTThe NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery (CB) includes 7 tests covering 6 cognitive abilities. This chapter describes the psychometric characteristics in children ages 3–15 years of a total summary score and composite scores reflecting two major types of cognition: “crystallized” (more dependent upon past learning experiences) and “fluid” (capacity for new learning and information processing in novel situations). Both types of cognition are considered important in everyday functioning, but are thought to be differently affected by brain health status throughout life, from early childhood through older adulthood. All three Toolbox composite scores showed excellent test–retest reliability, robust developmental effects across the childhood age range considered here, and strong correlations with established measures of similar abilities. Additional preliminary evidence of validity includes significant associations between all three Toolbox composite scores and maternal reports of children's health status and school performance.
Intestinal recruiting and activation profiles in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in response to pathogen‐associated molecular patterns stimulation in patients with IBS
Authors: Rodríguez‐Fandiño O. , Hernández‐Ruíz J. , López‐Vidal Y. , Charúa L. , Bandeh‐Moghaddam H. , Minzoni A. , Guzmán C. , Schmulson M. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundImmune activation, increased Toll‐like Receptors (TLR) expression, and gut epithelial diffusion of bacterial molecules have been reported in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Thus, we sought to relate these factors by analyzing gut homing (integrin α4β7), intestinal recruiting (CCR5) and activation (CD28) phenotypes, and the cytokines and chemokines concentration in peripheral blood T‐lymphocytes stimulated with TLR‐ligands.MethodsTwenty‐one IBS‐Rome II (1 PI‐IBS) patients and 19 controls were studied. Isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells were cultured with and without Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS), Staphylococcus aureus peptidoglycan (PGN), and unmethylated cytosine‐phosphate‐guanine motifs (CpG). Phenotypes were investigated by flow cytometry and supernatant cytokines and chemokines were also measured.Key ResultsAfter LPS, CCR5 expression in CD4+ α4β7+ cells remained unchanged in IBS, but decreased in controls (p = 0.002), to lower levels than in IBS (Mean fluorescence intensity [MFI]: 1590 ± 126.9 vs 2417 ± 88.4, p < 0.001). There were less CD8+ α4β7+ CCR5+ cells (85.7 ± 1.5 vs 90.8 ± 0.9%, p = 0.006) after LPS and CD3+ α4β7+ CCR5+ (40.0 ± 1.7 vs 51.2 ± 4.3%, p = 0.006) after PGN in controls. Also, after LPS, CD28 decreased in CD4+ α4β7+ CCR5+ in IBS (MFI: 2337 ± 47.2 vs 1779 ± 179.2, p < 0.001), but not in controls. Cytokines and chemokines were similar, except for lower IL8/CXCL8 in the unstimulated condition in IBS (4.18, 95% CI: 3.94–4.42 vs 3.77, 3.59–3.95; p = 0.006).Conclusions & InferencesPathogen‐associated molecular patterns stimulation of peripheral blood T cells expressing gut homing marker in IBS compared with controls resulted in an unsuccessful down‐regulation of the co‐expression of intestinal recruiting/residence phenotype and a state of activation. These findings support an interaction between an innate immune predisposition and microbial triggers, which may unleash or exacerbate IBS.
Adaptation of a Best Practice Guideline to Strengthen Client‐Centered Care in Public Health
Authors: Athwal Lorraine , Marchuk Brenda , Laforêt‐Fliesser Yvette , Castanza Joyce , Davis Lori , LaSalle Marg 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBest practice guidelines (BPGs) were developed by the Registered Nurses Association of Ontario (RNAO) to support evidence‐based nursing practice. One Ontario public health unit chose to implement the BPG on client‐centered care (CCC). A critical review of this BPG revealed issues that would hinder successful implementation within a public health setting. These included a focus on the client as an individual, the predominance of acute care exemplars and training resources that were not representative of public health nursing practice, and the need to reconcile the enforcement roles of public health with the BPG principles. The purpose of this article is to describe the process of adapting the CCC BPG to more accurately reflect the broad scope of public health nursing practice. A model for CCC in public health nursing context is presented and processes for implementing, evaluating, and sustaining CCC are described.
The Impact of an Urban Home‐Based Intervention Program on Asthma Outcomes in Children
Authors: Sweet Laura L. , Polivka Barbara J. , Chaudry Rosemary V. , Bouton Philip 
Published: August 2013

AbstractObjectivesThis program evaluation examines the outcomes of a multicomponent urban home‐based asthma program implemented through a city health department in a large Midwestern city. The purpose of the program was to improve asthma outcomes by controlling indoor asthma triggers in the home environment.Design and SampleThis was a pre‐post evaluation study. Participants received home‐based education from a public health nurse or a health educator, cleaning and other supplies, and physical home interventions such as mold abatement and pest control. Asthma outcomes, caregiver quality of life, trigger‐related activities, and asthma management activities at baseline and 6 months following the intervention were evaluated using survey data. A total of 115 participants for whom baseline and follow‐up data were available were included in this analysis.MeasuresThis study used parent self‐reported quantitative and qualitative data which were collected through baseline and follow‐up surveys administered by program staff.ResultsSignificant reduction in asthma symptom days, nighttime awakenings, days with activity limitation, and albuterol use were observed. Emergency department visits, missed school days, and caregiver missed work days also were significantly reduced, and caregiver quality of life improved.ConclusionsThis multifaceted home‐based intervention decreased asthma triggers and improved asthma outcomes in children, and improved the quality of life of their caregivers.
Theoretical Study of Fluorescence Spectra Utilizing the pKa Values of Acids in Their Excited States
Authors: Hiyama Miyabi , Akiyama Hidefumi , Yamada Kenta , Koga Nobuaki 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAssignment of the fluorescence spectrum of firefly luciferin in aqueous solutions was achieved by utilizing not only emission energies but also theoretical absorption spectra and relative concentrations as estimated by pKa values. Calculated Gibbs free energies were utilized to estimate pKa values. These pKa values were then corrected by employing the experimental results. It was previously thought that the main peak near 550 nm observed in the experimental fluorescence spectra at all pH values corresponds to emission from the first excited state of the luciferin dianion [Ando et al. (2010) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 49, 117002–117008]. However, we found that the peak near 550 nm at low pH corresponds to emission from the first excited state of the phenolate monoanion of luciferin. Furthermore, we found that the causes of the red fluorescence at pH 1–2 are not only the emission from phenol monoanion but also the emission from the protonated species at nitrogen atom in the thiazoline ring of dianion.
The sacred lotus genome provides insights into the evolution of flowering plants
Authors: Wang Yun , Fan Guangyi , Liu Yiman , Sun Fengming , Shi Chengcheng , Liu Xin , Peng Jing , Chen Wenbin , Huang Xinfang , Cheng Shifeng , Liu Yuping , Liang Xinming , Zhu Honglian , Bian Chao , Zhong Lan , Lv Tian , Dong Hongxia , Liu Weiqing , Zhong Xiao , Chen Jing , Quan Zhiwu , Wang Zhihong , Tan Benzhong , Lin Chufa , Mu Feng , Xu Xun , Ding Yi , Guo An‐Yuan , Wang Jun , Ke Weidong 
Published: August 2013

SummarySacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) is an ornamental plant that is also used for food and medicine. This basal eudicot species is especially important from an evolutionary perspective, as it occupies a critical phylogenetic position in flowering plants. Here we report the draft genome of a wild strain of sacred lotus. The assembled genome is 792 Mb, which is approximately 85–90% of genome size estimates. We annotated 392 Mb of repeat sequences and 36 385 protein‐coding genes within the genome. Using these sequence data, we constructed a phylogenetic tree and confirmed the basal location of sacred lotus within eudicots. Importantly, we found evidence for a relatively recent whole‐genome duplication event; any indication of the ancient paleo‐hexaploid event was, however, absent. Genomic analysis revealed evidence of positive selection within 28 embryo‐defective genes and one annexin gene that may be related to the long‐term viability of sacred lotus seed. We also identified a significant expansion of starch synthase genes, which probably elevated starch levels within the rhizome of sacred lotus. Sequencing this strain of sacred lotus thus provided important insights into the evolution of flowering plant and revealed genetic mechanisms that influence seed dormancy and starch synthesis.
Recycling of Carbon Fiber: Identification of Bases for a Synergy Between Recyclers and Designers
Authors: Pompidou Stéphane , Prinçaud Marion , Perry Nicolas , Leray Dimitri 
Published: August 2013

In order to decrease both energy consumption and CO2 emissions, the automotive, aeronautics and aerospace industries aim at making lighter vehicles. To achieve this, composite materials provide good opportunities, ensuring high material properties and free definition of geometry. As an example, for cold applications, the use of carbon fiber/thermoset composites is ever increasing, in spite of a high fiber price. But in a global and eco-friendly approach, the major limitation for their use remains their potential recyclability. Recycling a composite means having a recycling technology available, getting a dismantle solution and an access for the product, and disposing identification plus selection possibilities to the materials. Thus, carbon fibers recovery (i.e. recycling and re-processing) would both help design engineers to balance energy efficiency and cost, and open new opportunities for developing second-life composites, dedicated to the manufacture of medium or low loaded parts (non-structural in many cases).
A first section presents an overview of composite recycling possibilities. Indeed, environmentally and economically, composite incineration is not attractive (even with an energetic valorization), let-alone burying. Reuse and recycling thus remain the two most interesting options.
Aeronautics offers a high potential in terms of fiber deposit. In southwest France, composites recycling will increase in terms of quantity due to dismantling platforms Tarmac (dedicated to civil aircraft applications) and P2P (for the disassembly of ballistic weapons). In addition, from a technical point of view, and even if end-of-life solutions for composites still remain under development, solvolysis (i.e. water under supercritical conditions) already offers the opportunity to recover carbon fibers. The resulting recyclate retains up to 90 percent of the fiber’s mechanical properties.
A second part will explore the recycling to design issue (i.e. how recycling processes have to balance the previous aspects of the end-of-life proposal).
The recycler clearly becomes a new supplier in the carbon fiber lifecycle, by revalorizing wastes with alternatives to burning. Moreover, increasing carbon fiber shelf life reduces its product life impact. Finally, promoting carbon fiber end-of-life would ensure to link aeronautics, automotive, and leisure and sports industries; but one can create demand for recycled reinforcement, by packaging it in useful and attractive forms for those end-users (e.g. pseudo-continuous fiber, felt, strips, bands, patches, etc.).
These sections will be enlightened by several examples from collaborations between I2M and local industries.
Laser Sintering Process Analysis: Application to Chromium-Cobalt Alloys for Dental Prosthesis Production
Authors: Faure S. P. , Mercier L. , Didier P. , Roux R. , Coulon J. F. , Garel S. , Trenit J. , Buard H. , Razan F. 
Published: August 2013

Rapid prototyping is an effective way to build prototypes. This process, now called AM (Additive Manufacturing), is suited to realize functional single part or for small batch production. Evolution of AM is now in the way of serial production. In the field of medical applications and more precisely dentistry, AM is a way of increasing numbers of elements produced compared to classic production by lost wax casting. To increase production quality, it is necessary to have a high monitoring and control of process and properties of production. In the case of AM using (DMLS: Direct Metal Laser Sintering), a lot of parameters can have an influence on the elements production quality such as powders quality, laser behavior or sintering time… The goal of this work is to study the serial production quality using a DMLS system (Phenix System PM100). This system is used in production of cobalt-chromium elements for dental applications. The study was done on a period of 6 months with recording results of almost 120 productions and was focused on a quantity of around 7000 dental elements produced.
In a first part, number of elements per production, room temperature and hygrometry, powder reloading, maintenance, production stops and new operators are recorded. Material properties of some elements produced such as dimensional properties, density, porosity and crystallographic phases are monitored. Materials analysis has led to ensure the elements quality produced by the Phenix system and results are discussed in this work.
In a second part, we focused on the production analysis with the recorded data. Analysis leads to define 2 ratios: production ratio RP defined as [Elements Number]/ [Productions Number] and the efficiency production PE defined as the ratio RP/[Stopped production number]. By calculating RP and PE values with collected data on the Phenix system, a PM 100 efficiency production modeling has been established.
The PM 100 production modeling can help to understand that increasing the production ratio RP value leads to have efficiency production PE high variation. On another hand, collecting production parameters leads to increase production efficiency.
Tyre-Road Interaction: Experimental Investigations About the Friction Coefficient Dependence on Contact Pressure, Road Roughness, Slide Velocity and Temperature
Authors: Farroni Flavio , Russo Michele , Russo Riccardo , Timpone Francesco 
Published: August 2013

In this paper the results of an experimental activity carried out with the aim to investigate on the frictional behaviour of visco-elastic materials in sliding contact with road asperities is presented.
Experiments are carried out using a prototype of pin on disk machine whose pin is constituted by a specimen of rubber coming from a commercial tyre while the disk may be in glass, marble or abrasive paper. Tests are performed both in dry and wet conditions.
Roughness of the disk materials is evaluated by a tester and by a laser scan device. Temperature in proximity of the contact patch is measured by pyrometer pointed on the disk surface in the pin trailing edge, while room temperature is measured by a thermocouple. Sliding velocity is imposed by an inverter controlled motor driving the disk and measured by an incremental encoder. Vertical load is imposed applying calibrated weights on the pin and friction coefficients are measured acquiring the longitudinal forces signal by means of a load cell.
As regards to the road roughness, the experimental results show a marked dependence with road Ra index.
Dry and wet tests performed on different micro-roughness profiles (i.e. glass and marble) highlighted that friction coefficient in dry conditions is greater on smoother surfaces, while an opposite tendency is shown in wet conditions.
Although affected by uncertainties the results confirm the dependence of friction on temperature, vertical load and track conditions.
Towards a New Concept of In-Line Crankshaft Balancing by Contact Less Measurement: Process for Selecting the Best Digitizing System
Authors: Zuquete-Guarato Alexandre , Mehdi-Souzani Charyar , Quinsat Yann , Lartigue Claire , Sabri Leila 
Published: August 2013

Controlling the part’s balance of crankshafts are important issues for automotive manufacturers. Unbalance measurement is usually carried out using high-precision mechanical machines. The main objective of the present work is to replace mechanical measuring systems by a non-contact digitizing system, which permits the acquisition of the crankshaft surface. As the geometry to be measured presents a large variety of shapes and textures with accessibility issues, the definition of the best-suited scanning system related to geometrical and industrial constraints is a major issue.
In this direction, the paper deals with the definition of a protocol based on quality indicators associated to the collected data to compare various digitizing systems. Those quality indicators are assessed thanks to simple artifacts measurement according to a specific procedure. The comparison protocol is applied to evaluate three triangulation based digitizing systems: Results allow us to identify well-adapted digitizing systems in relation to crankshaft balancing requirements.
Knowledge-Based Automated Programming of Welding Robots for Lot-Size One Products
Authors: Hillbrand Christian , Frank Gerald 
Published: August 2013

Welding is one of the most important joining techniques used in the metalworking industries. In order to exploit efficiency potentials to a maximum possible extent, robot systems are adopted to automate the welding process whenever possible. This has become standard for high volume manufacturers like the automotive industry where thousands or millions of products are manufactured in the same or a very similar way. There is, however, a large obstacle for using automated welding robots in industries with highly individualized products: The programming effort for robot systems very often exceeds the manual welding times due to small lot sizes.
Therefore this paper proposes an approach to automatically derive welding programs. The building blocks of this technique are an automatic identification of feasible candidate weld joints from a CAD model, a knowledge base and a weld program compiler. After verification of these joints by a design engineer the machine instructions for the robot system have to be derived. Therefore the proposed approach defines the necessary structures of a Welding Expert Knowledge Base (WKB) where the relevant knowledge of a welding engineer designer is modeled in terms of rules of fuzzy rule sets. On top of the WKB we propose a weld program compiler which automatically identifies the sequence of weld joints and the necessary number of welding passes, generates optimized tool paths and finally derives appropriate parameter settings.
Robotic Solutions Applied to Production and Measurement of Marine Propellers
Authors: Cavada Javier , Fadón Fernando 
Published: August 2013

Over the past decades, robots have emerged as a valuable technological solution for multiple highly complex industrial processes, and the manufacture of marine propellers has not been an exception. Majority of the propellers being produced worldwide are custom-designed products aiming to satisfy each ship’s propulsion requirements. Such geometrical diversity is a considerable challenge when traditionally manual manufacturing processes like hand-grinding and polishing need to be automated.
In several market-leading propeller manufacturers within Europe and Asia, industrial robots are being applied for widely diverse operations such as milling polystyrene blocks to make moulding patterns, grinding out the excess material in the blade surfaces, or polishing the complete propellers’ surface before their final verification. Propeller blades are customized products, formed by curved and warped surfaces, requiring minimum 5 axes to be smoothly polished, and this can be easily achieved with a robot cell where the CAD/CAM data coming from the individual design are directly translated into robotic parameters.
While this solution has demonstrated to be perfectly capable to comply with the marine propellers finishing tolerances, which are internationally defined by ISO 484 standard rules [6], robotic solutions for propeller measurement have not been successfully implemented within this specific industry due to reasons like lack of accuracy and repeatability. This paper analyses the root causes behind this problem, identifying the calibration process, the cell alignment method and the tool positioning as the principal factors resulting in this low measuring repeatability.
Findings explained by the authors are the outcome of several practical measuring tests made on real marine propellers within ABB and Fanuc robot cells. This paper concludes offering solutions to reduce the inaccuracies caused by the mentioned factors, and recommending what type of marine propellers are more suitable to be measured with industrial robots, on the basis of ISO 484 requirements for each customized design. Moreover, suggestions for further research on this specific measuring application are provided in the concluding chapter.