bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Late Post-Transplant Infections
Authors: John George T. , Khanna Rajiv 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Transplant recipients with kidney disease, especially those who have diabetes and liver disease, have lower immunity and are at a higher risk for post-transplant infections while receiving maintenance immunosuppression. Cancer, infections, and cardiovascular diseases are known to negatively impact kidney transplant outcomes. However, due to marked improvements in medical management and preventive strategies, there has been a decline in mortality from infectious complications after transplantation. Infectious complications account for 19% of deaths in kidney transplantation recipients, with a standardized incidence ratio of 7.8 compared with matched general population in Australia and New Zealand. Risk factors of infections include T-cell-depleting therapy, deceased donor transplantation, older age, diabetes, female sex, and marginalized individual. However, death related to infection accounts for over 50% of deaths among kidney transplant recipients in the developing world. This chapter discusses various infections with viral, fungal, and mycobacterial organisms in kidney transplant recipients.
Social Determinants Impacting Transplant Outcomes
Authors: Sharma Akhil , Hart Allyson 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
While the transplant community celebrates improvements in long-term kidney allograft outcomes, research and policy is increasingly focused on further improving long-term patient and graft outcomes. In addition, frustrations remain regarding the persistence of gaps in outcomes based on socioeconomic factors and other social determinants of health (SDoH). While research and advancements in medical factors, such as improved immunosuppression, cancer treatments, and cardiovascular disease management, are all critical to achieving this goal, SDoH, which are one of the largest contributors to poor outcomes, are less well studied by the transplant research community. This chapter reviews the SDoH, describes how they impact kidney transplant (KT) recipient outcomes, and discuss strategies and additional research priorities to realize the full promise of better KT outcomes for patients with kidney disease.
Simultaneous Liver and Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Molinari Michele , Dunn Ty B. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter provides a thorough examination of Simultaneous Liver and Kidney Transplantation (SLKT), offering insights into its historical evolution, patient selection criteria, modern immunosuppression protocols, and identified research gaps. With the increasing number of patients requiring SLKT, particularly post the incorporation of the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD), it becomes imperative for transplant specialists to stay abreast of the most recent literature in this field and recognize areas where current evidence falls short. This chapter serves as a succinct resource for transplant professionals seeking a comprehensive analysis of recent advances for informed decision-making.
1
Authors: Cohen Lewis 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The reader is introduced to Dan Winter, with emphasis on the experience he had with his own father who died from complications related to dementia. The dementias are explored from a research perspective, including Alzheimer’s disease, which affects more than 6.7 million people aged 65 and older living in the United States. The chapter also explores the question of how people with dementia develop their symptoms and how they die, including the position that those suffering with dementia should be able to choose when and how to die, with opinions gathered from experts in ethics, theology, and members of various medical organizations.
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Authors: Cohen Lewis 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores the social and economic forces that influence how patients who are diagnosed with a dementia will process and live with the disease. Studies are analyzed that explore the differences between how white physicians and patients react to a dementia diagnosis versus people of color, particularly Black Americans. Furthermore, the experience of jurisdictions with permissive approaches to physician-hastened death suggests that those who advocate for and actively pursue this option tend to cluster demographically in privileged social groups, prompting some to describe them as “the three W’s: white, wealthy and well-educated.” Dan’s privileged social status and sexual orientation are explored, and the chapter introduces the reader to a traumatic experience in Dan’s life that had powerful and long-lasting effects.
10
Authors: Cohen Lewis 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores the terminology around the right-to-die movement. In particular, words that are fraught with negative meaning, such as “suicide” and “euthanasia,” are examined and their use dissected. The history of these words, including their clinical meanings, is also explored. The moral quandaries associated with interviewing a person as they actively create a plan to hasten death are also addressed and examined. Last, the chapter explores how people suffering with a dementia deal with issues around timing, and how important it is for them to find the right moment to end their suffering.
11
Authors: Cohen Lewis 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Medical aid in dying is now legally authorized in 11 jurisdictions within the United States of America. Unlike a number of other countries around the world that have enacted death with dignity laws, the American legislation largely exempts people with dementias because of issues related to terminality and capacity, as well as its lack of attention to suffering. The chapter also explores how ementia often takes years to manifest its varied symptoms, during which time suffering may become unbearable. This may be difficult to determine because in addition to the cognitive and memory impairments, patients often develop aphasias and cannot express the circumstances of their individual situations. The chapter also clarifies the difference between capacity and competency, and it concludes with a further discussion of clinical suicides in the context of dementia. The latter are often impulsive, violent, and rely on firearms. An assisted suicide is described that has tragically fractured a family and led to a 20-year prison sentence.
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Authors: Cohen Lewis 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The reader is introduced to the first discussion of voluntarily stopping eating and drinking (VSED) as a means of hastening death. Then the chapter discusses Dan’s rationale in choosing to instead take a lethal overdose of a drug cocktail over other death-hastening methods. The principle medication he intended to rely upon is the antidepressant Amitriptyline, for which he had no difficulty obtaining a prescription. A more detailed history of the Hemlock Society and how it evolved, which was first introduced in Chapter 7, is given. Other organizations that provide assistance or support for voluntary dying and death with dignity are introduced. The reader learns more about how Dan formulated his plan to overdose.
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Authors: Cohen Lewis 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
New symptoms exhibited by Dan are explored in this chapter, such as the deterioration of his language skills, and odd mannerisms that are identified by his husband. The chapter also explores Dan’s thoughts about the manner and timing of his death and how these change as circumstances evolve. The question of what the trigger should be, a date or a specific symptom, for beginning the death-hastening process is explored. Some of Dan’s most traumatic symptoms of dementia are addressed. They include a new experience of getting lost and the beginning of auditory hallucinations. These symptoms are addressed in a larger conversation around nature of either physical or existential suffering.
16
Authors: Cohen Lewis 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Further civil unrest continues to wrack the city of Portland in the form of more than 100 consecutive nights of disturbances, demonstrators marching throughout the city and targeting different police buildings. Massive wildfires add to the tension. The readers learn of, and read, a letter that Dan’s husband composes and sends to Dan’s ex-wife and children. Experts from palliative care, neuropalliative care, and psychiatry weigh in on a discussion of dignity and the “authentic self” versus the “new” personality that a dementia or terminal illness may bring about. The concept of anosognosia, or the inability of neurological patients to recognize their own impairments, is introduced. So, too, are the related terms of apathy and denial.
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Authors: Cohen Lewis 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores what happens when family members intervene in Dan’s plan to hasten his death. These interventions include visits from police officers, the local suicide prevention office, and adult protective services. The reality of “DIY” suicides is broached, along with issues tied to communication and management of friends’ and family members’ expectations and worries. Legal questions and concerns around death-accelerating measures are addressed. Cases are discussed where people were declared mentally incompetent or were targeted by law enforcement officials in efforts to prevent their hastening their own deaths. Dan and John become paranoid as to what may happen next.
23
Authors: Cohen Lewis 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores the complicated interplay between Alzheimer’s, death-with-dignity laws, voluntarily stopping eating and drinking (VSED), and qualifying for hospice. The chapter focuses on Dan’s decision to begin VSED. Experts weigh in on their experiences with VSED and give their own conflicting opinions when presented with Dan’s case. VSED, and the symptoms people experience because of it, are delineated. Space is given to identify the complicated personal and professional feelings experts have about VSED. A recent statement has concluded that “VSED provides an opportunity to achieve a relatively peaceful, personally controlled death for patients seeking an escape from the prospect of unacceptable suffering or deterioration in their present condition or foreseeable future.
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Authors: Cohen Lewis 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter details the interviews that the author continues to conduct with Dan’s husband every 2 weeks, then monthly, and then every 6 weeks after Dan’s demise. These occurred over the following 3 years, and they offered an opportunity to attend to the complex impact of caregiving. The reader learns more about what happened after Dan’s death, and how the relationships with family members continued to develop. The author explores the events of the 9 months that led up to Dan’s death, and how their meaning evolved with the passage of time. Grief and mourning are explored, with the reader receiving an intimate view to the process experienced by Dan’s husband.
30
Authors: Cohen Lewis 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
During the next 2 years, Dan’s widower resumed feeling more creative and energetic, but his grief over Dan’s loss continued. John and the author both continue to ruminate on Dan’s end and whether he had a good death. This question is studied from different vantages. Likewise, several other individuals with dementias who foreshortened their lives are named, such as Cody Sontag. She was able to take advantage of recent amendments to US MAiD statutes; by initiating VSED, Cody qualified under the Oregon law as being “terminal.” More people will wish to discuss these issues because dementia is superseding cancer as the most feared illness of privileged societies that value individual patient autonomy.
Worth a Shot: Experience and Lessons From an Unsuccessful Pediatric Immunization Quality Improvement Effort in a Large Health System During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Howard Bailey , Gorman Gregory 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
During the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, routine childhood immunization rates dropped dramatically across the world, and the Military Health System (MHS) was no exception. In the MHS, which is a large, universally covered, low-to-no-cost health system, the immunization rates with the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine remain below the rate necessary to prevent community transmission of measles. We aimed to improve childhood immunization rates in the MHS with an expansive quality improvement project.

Materials and Methods
Measles, mumps, and rubella immunization rates served as proxy outcome measures for routine immunization rates tracked by the Center for Disease Control multi-immunization combination measures. The tracked measure was the percentage of 16- to 18-month olds and 6-year olds who had received MMR #1 and MMR #2, respectively. Various countermeasures were implemented throughout the study period, and standard quality improvement analyses informed the effect of countermeasures.

Results
By January 2023, the percentage of 16- to 18-month olds and 6-year olds who had received MMR #1 and MMR #2 was 85% and 91%, respectively, with no positive shift in immunization rates despite various countermeasures introduced during the study period. For reference, the MMR immunization rates of commercial health maintenance organization and commercial preferred provider organization for 24-month-old populations were 92% and 90.3%, respectively. On chart review, the most common cause for under-immunization (55%) was vaccine abandonment. MMR #1 rates rose to 92% in 24-month olds.

Conclusions
Measles, mumps, and rubella immunization rates within the MHS remained below commercial health system rates and below public health standards required for herd immunity despite various countermeasures throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. Immunization rates increased with age, suggesting that children within the MHS eventually catch up despite potential barriers.
Pichia kudriavzevii (Candida krusei): A systematic review to inform the World Health Organisation priority list of fungal pathogens
Authors: Nguyen Thi Anh , Kim Hannah Yejin , Stocker Sophie , Kidd Sarah , Alastruey-Izquierdo Ana , Dao Aiken , Harrison Thomas , Wahyuningsih Retno , Rickerts Volker , Perfect John , Denning David W , Nucci Marcio , Cassini Alessandro , Beardsley Justin , Gigante Valeria , Sati Hatim , Morrissey C Orla , Alffenaar Jan-Willem 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In response to the growing global threat of fungal infections, in 2020 the World Health Organisation (WHO) established an Expert Group to identify priority fungi and develop the first WHO fungal priority pathogen list (FPPL). The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the features and global impact of invasive infections caused by Pichia kudriavzevii (formerly known as Candida krusei). PubMed and Web of Science were used to identify studies published between 1 January 2011 and 18 February 2021 reporting on the criteria of mortality, morbidity (defined as hospitalisation and length of stay), drug resistance, preventability, yearly incidence, and distribution/emergence. Overall, 33 studies were evaluated. Mortality rates of up to 67% in adults were reported. Despite the intrinsic resistance of P. kudriavzevii to fluconazole with decreased susceptibility to amphotericin B, resistance (or non-wild-type rate) to other azoles and echinocandins was low, ranging between 0 and 5%. Risk factors for developing P. kudriavzevii infections included low birth weight, prior use of antibiotics/antifungals, and an underlying diagnosis of gastrointestinal disease or cancer. The incidence of infections caused by P. kudriavzevii is generally low (∼5% of all Candida-like blood isolates) and stable over the 10-year timeframe, although additional surveillance data are needed. Strategies targeting the identified risk factors for developing P. kudriavzevii infections should be developed and tested for effectiveness and feasibility of implementation. Studies presenting data on epidemiology and susceptibility of P. kudriavzevii were scarce, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Thus, global surveillance systems are required to monitor the incidence, susceptibility, and morbidity of P. kudriavzevii invasive infections to inform diagnosis and treatment. Timely species-level identification and susceptibility testing should be conducted to reduce the high mortality and limit the spread of P. kudriavzevii in healthcare facilities.
Classification of Fermi gamma-ray bursts based on machine learning
Authors: Zhu Si-Yuan , Sun Wan-Peng , Ma Da-Ling , Zhang Fu-Wen 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are typically classified into long and short GRBs based on their durations. However, there is a significant overlapping in the duration distributions of these two categories. In this paper, we apply the unsupervised dimensionality reduction algorithm called t-SNE and UMAP to classify 2061 Fermi GRBs based on four observed quantities: duration, peak energy, fluence, and peak flux. The map results of t-SNE and UMAP show a clear division of these GRBs into two clusters. We mark the two clusters as GRBs-I and GRBs-II, and find that all GRBs associated with supernovae are classified as GRBs-II. It includes the peculiar short GRB 200826A, which was confirmed to originate from the death of a massive star. Furthermore, except for two extreme events GRB 211211A and GRB 230307A, all GRBs associated with kilonovae fall into GRBs-I population. By comparing to the traditional classification of short and long GRBs, the distribution of durations for GRBs-I and GRBs-II do not have a fixed boundary. We find that more than 10 per cent of GRBs-I have a duration greater than 2 s, while approximately 1 per cent of GRBs-II have a duration shorter than 2 s.
On the origin of polar planets around single stars
Authors: Chen Cheng , Baronett Stanley A , Nixon C J , Martin Rebecca G 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
The Rossiter–McLaughlin effect measures the misalignment between a planet’s orbital plane and its host star’s rotation plane. Around 10 per cent of planets exhibit misalignments in the approximate range 80°–125°, with their origin remaining a mystery. On the other hand, large misalignments may be common in eccentric circumbinary systems due to misaligned discs undergoing polar alignment. If the binary subsequently merges, a polar circumbinary disc – along with any planets that form within it – may remain inclined near 90$^{\circ }$ to the merged star’s rotation. To test this hypothesis, we present N-body simulations of the evolution of a polar circumbinary debris disc comprised of test particles around an eccentric binary during a binary merger that is induced by tidal dissipation. After the merger, the disc particles remain on near-polar orbits. Interaction of the binary with the polar-aligned gas disc may be required to bring the binary to the small separations that trigger the merger by tides. Our findings imply that planets forming in discs that are polar-aligned to the orbit of a high-eccentricity binary may, following the merger of the binary, provide a possible origin for the population of near-polar planets around single stars.
The wave-like disc oscillations of mono-age stellar populations in the Solar neighbourhood from Gaia DR3
Authors: Wang Tao , Chen Bing-Qiu , Lian Jian-Hui , Xiang Mao-Sheng , Liu Xiao-Wei 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
The North–South asymmetry in the number density and bulk velocity of stars in the Solar neighbourhood provides valuable insights into the formation and evolution of the Milky Way disc. Our objective is to investigate the wave-like disc oscillations of mono-age stellar populations in the Solar neighbourhood using data from Gaia Data Release 3. We have selected a comprehensive sample of main-sequence turn-off stars. The ages of these stars can be accurately determined using isochrone fitting methods. Our findings indicate that the North–South density and mean vertical velocity asymmetries remain consistent across all age groups. The uniformity of perturbations across all subsamples suggests that all populations are responding to the same external influence, which likely affects them irrespective of their age. Moreover, the fact that these perturbations appear consistently implies they could be either ongoing or recent. Regarding vertical velocity dispersions, we observe that older stars exhibit larger dispersions.
Rapid Adaptation and Interspecific Introgression in the North American Crop Pest Helicoverpa zea
Authors: North Henry L , Fu Zhen , Metz Richard , Stull Matt A , Johnson Charles D , Shirley Xanthe , Crumley Kate , Reisig Dominic , Kerns David L , Gilligan Todd , Walsh Tom , Jiggins Chris D , Sword Gregory A 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Insect crop pests threaten global food security. This threat is amplified through the spread of nonnative species and through adaptation of native pests to control measures. Adaptations such as pesticide resistance can result from selection on variation within a population, or through gene flow from another population. We investigate these processes in an economically important noctuid crop pest, Helicoverpa zea, which has evolved resistance to a wide range of pesticides. Its sister species Helicoverpa armigera, first detected as an invasive species in Brazil in 2013, introduced the pyrethroid-resistance gene CYP337B3 to South American H. zea via adaptive introgression. To understand whether this could contribute to pesticide resistance in North America, we sequenced 237 H. zea genomes across 10 sample sites. We report H. armigera introgression into the North American H. zea population. Two individuals sampled in Texas in 2019 carry H. armigera haplotypes in a 4 Mbp region containing CYP337B3. Next, we identify signatures of selection in the panmictic population of nonadmixed H. zea, identifying a selective sweep at a second cytochrome P450 gene: CYP333B3. We estimate that its derived allele conferred a ∼5% fitness advantage and show that this estimate explains independently observed rare nonsynonymous CYP333B3 mutations approaching fixation over a ∼20-year period. We also detect putative signatures of selection at a kinesin gene associated with Bt resistance. Overall, we document two mechanisms of rapid adaptation: the introduction of fitness-enhancing alleles through interspecific introgression, and selection on intraspecific variation.