bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Palliative care needs in patients hospitalized with heart failure (PCHF) study: rationale and design
Authors: Campbell Ross T. , Jackson Colette E. , Wright Ann , Gardner Roy S. , Ford Ian , Davidson Patricia M. , Denvir Martin A. , Hogg Karen J. , Johnson Miriam J. , Petrie Mark C. , McMurray John J.V. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAimsThe primary aim of this study is to provide data to inform the design of a randomized controlled clinical trial (RCT) of a palliative care (PC) intervention in heart failure (HF). We will identify an appropriate study population with a high prevalence of PC needs defined using quantifiable measures. We will also identify which components a specific and targeted PC intervention in HF should include and attempt to define the most relevant trial outcomes.MethodsAn unselected, prospective, near‐consecutive, cohort of patients admitted to hospital with acute decompensated HF will be enrolled over a 2‐year period. All potential participants will be screened using B‐type natriuretic peptide and echocardiography, and all those enrolled will be extensively characterized in terms of their HF status, comorbidity, and PC needs. Quantitative assessment of PC needs will include evaluation of general and disease‐specific quality of life, mood, symptom burden, caregiver burden, and end of life care. Inpatient assessments will be performed and after discharge outpatient assessments will be carried out every 4 months for up to 2.5 years. Participants will be followed up for a minimum of 1 year for hospital admissions, and place and cause of death. Methods for identifying patients with HF with PC needs will be evaluated, and estimates of healthcare utilisation performed.ConclusionBy assessing the prevalence of these needs, describing how these needs change over time, and evaluating how best PC needs can be identified, we will provide the foundation for designing an RCT of a PC intervention in HF.
The Effects of Alkaline‐Earth Counterions on the Architectures, Band‐Gap Energies, and Proton Transfer of Triazole‐Based Coordination Polymers
Authors: Asha K. S. , Reber Arthur C. , Pedicini Anthony F. , Khanna Shiv N. , Mandal Sukhendu 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThree coordination polymers based on alkaline‐earth metals (Ca, Sr, and Ba) have been synthesized with 3‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazole‐5‐carboxylic acid (3‐AmTrZAc). Structural analysis reveals that the Ca‐based structure [Ca(3‐AmTrZAc)(5‐AmTrZAc)(H2O)] (1) is two‐dimensional, and the Sr‐ and Ba‐based structures [Sr(3‐AmTrZAc)2(H2O)] (2) and [Ba(3‐AmTrZAc)2(H2O)] (3) are three‐dimensional. In the Ca‐based structure 1, the 3‐AmTrZAc reactant converts to 5‐AmTrZAc. The relative stability of the two isomers is controlled by a dipole–ion interaction between the triazole ring and the carboxylate group. We have measured the band‐gap energies, and the Ca‐based structure has the largest band‐gap energy. Density functional theoretical investigations showed that internal electric fields generated by the alkaline‐earth counterions increase the band gap in the 5‐AmTrZAc anion and lower it in the 3‐AmTrZAc anion.
Ionic Ferrocene‐Based Burning‐Rate Catalysts with Polycyano Anions: Synthesis, Structural Characterization, Migration, and Catalytic Effects during Combustion
Authors: Liu Xuelin , Li Jizhen , Bi Fuqiang , Zhang Weiqiang , Zhang Guofang , Gao Ziwei 
Published: March 2015

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Guofang Zhang from Shaanxi Normal University, China. The cover image shows how to develop low‐migratory ferrocene‐based burning‐rate catalysts (BRCs) for the next generation of rocket propellants.
Progress in the Preparation of Jatrophane Diterpenes
Authors: Rinner Uwe 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe Euphorbiaceae family of plants is one of the largest in the plant kingdom and over the last few decades a vast number of structurally complex and compelling terpenoid natural products have been isolated from the milky latices of Euphorbiaceae species. This review provides a brief overview of the biosynthetic routes leading to Euphorbiaceae diterpenes and outlines their pronounced biological properties. Synthetic approaches to jatrophane diterpenes, an important class of Euphorbiaceae diterpenes, are discussed in detail.
Why vision is important to how we navigate
Authors: Ekstrom Arne D. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTPlace cells are a fundamental component of the rodent navigational system. One intriguing implication of place cells is that humans, by extension, have “map‐like” (or GPS‐like) knowledge that we use to represent space. Here, we review both behavioral and neural studies of human navigation, suggesting that how we process visual information forms a critical component of how we represent space. These include cellular and brain systems devoted to coding visual information during navigation in addition to a location coding system similar to that described in rodents. Together, these findings suggest that while it is highly useful to think of our navigation system involving internal “maps,” we should not neglect the importance of high‐resolution visual representations to how we navigate space. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Navigating the circuitry of the brain's GPS system: Future challenges for neurophysiologists
Authors: Craig Michael T. , McBain Chris J. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTThe discovery of the brain's navigation system creates a compelling challenge for neurophysiologists: how do we map the circuitry of a system that can only be definitively identified in awake, behaving animals? Do grid and border cells in the entorhinal cortex correspond to the two classes of principal cell found there, stellate and pyramidal cells? In the hippocampus, does the diversity seen in pyramidal cell subtypes have functional correlates in the place cell system? How do interneurons regulate the activity of spatially tuned principal cells in the hippocampal and entorhinal circuits? Here, we discuss recent literature relating the cellular circuitry of these circuits to in vivo studies of the brain's navigation system, and the role that interneurons have in regulating the activity of principal cells in these circuits. We propose that studying in vitro models of neuronal oscillations in the entorhinal cortex and hippocampus can provide useful insights for bridging the gap in understanding that exists in relating in vivo and behavioral studies to circuit function at the cellular level. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Measurement of tumor blood flow in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma by pseudo‐continuous arterial spin labeling: Comparison with dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI
Authors: Fujima Noriyuki , Kudo Kohsuke , Tsukahara Akiko , Yoshida Daisuke , Sakashita Tomohiro , Homma Akihiro , Tha Khin Khin , Shirato Hiroki 
Published: March 2015

PurposeTo investigate the feasibility of tumor blood flow (TBF) measurement in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) using pseudo‐continuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL) in a comparison with dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) perfusion.Materials and MethodsWe prospectively scanned 18 patients with HNSCC using 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with both pCASL and DCE perfusion. Quantitative TBF value in the whole‐tumor region of interest (ROI), and regional TBF in the ROIs of the central and peripheral areas in the tumor were respectively measured. Relative TBF value in the whole‐tumor ROI was also calculated. We determined the correlation and agreement between each measured TBF by pCASL and DCE perfusion using Pearson's correlation coefficients, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), and Bland–Altman analysis.ResultsIn the whole‐tumor ROIs, significant correlation was observed between the absolute TBF values (r = 0.72, P < 0.01), with an ICC of 0.72; moreover, higher correlation was observed in the relative TBF (r = 0.79). The correlation was higher in the peripheral ROI (r = 0.70) than the central ROI (r = 0.65), with an ICC of 0.62 and 0.54, respectively. Bland–Altman plots revealed the underestimation of TBF by pCASL in central ROIs.ConclusionTBF measurement by pCASL was feasible in patients with HNSCC. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;41:1–1. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
In vitro study of biological activities of anthocyanin‐rich berry extracts on porcine intestinal epithelial cells
Authors: Kšonžeková Petra , Mariychuk Ruslan , Eliašová Adriana , Mudroňová Dagmar , Csank Tomáš , Király Ján , Marcinčáková Dana , Pistl Juraj , Tkáčiková L'udmila 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDAnthocyanins, compounds that represent the major group of flavonoids in berries, are one of the most powerful natural antioxidants. The aim of this study was to evaluate biological activities and comparison of anthocyanin‐rich extracts prepared from chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa), elderberry (Sambucus nigra), bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) and blueberry (V. corymbosum) on the porcine intestinal epithelial IPEC‐1 cell line.RESULTSThe IC50 values calculated in the antioxidant cell‐based dichlorofluorescein assay (DCF assay) were 1.129 mg L−1 for chokeberry, 1.081 mg L−1 for elderberry, 2.561 mg L−1 for bilberry and 2.965 mg L−1 for blueberry, respectively. We found a significant negative correlation (P < 0.001) between cyanidin glycosides content and IC50 values. Moreover, extracts rich in cyanidin glycosides stimulated proliferation of IPEC‐1 cells and did not have cytotoxic effect on cells at an equivalent in vivo concentration.CONCLUSIONSWe found that the chokeberry and elderberry extracts rich in cyanidin glycosides possess better antioxidant and anticytotoxic activities in comparison to blueberry or bilberry extracts with complex anthocyanin profiles. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Side‐On Nematic Liquid Crystal Dendrimers Based on PAMAM and PPI as Dendritic Scaffolds: Synthesis and Characterization
Authors: Martín‐Rapún Rafael , Cano Miguel , McKenna Mark , Serrano José Luis , Marcos Mercedes 
Published: March 2015

The design, synthesis, and investigation of two series of side‐on dendrimers displaying nematic liquid crystal behavior at room temperature are described. The dendritic structures are derived from poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM‐(NH2)n) or poly(propylene imine) dendrimers (PPI‐(NH2)n) (with n = 4, 8, 16, 32, and 64) containing lateral attached mesogenic units in the periphery. The materials are characterized by 1H, 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐mass (MALDI‐TOF MS) spectrometry, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarized optical microscopy (POM), and x‐ray diffraction spectroscopy. All dendrimers exhibit nematic mesophase behavior at room temperature. Conoscopic studies reveal that the nematic phase is uniaxial. The relationship between the structure of the two dendrimer series and the mesomorphic behavior is discussed.
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Permeation of steryl ferulates through an in vitro intestinal barrier model
Authors: Zhu Dan , Brambilla Davide , Leroux Jean‐Christophe , Nyström Laura 
Published: March 2015

ScopeSteryl ferulates (SFs) belong to the bioactive lipids contributing to the health promoting effects of whole grains. However, their intestinal absorption remains unclear. We investigated the permeation of individual SFs using an in vitro intestinal barrier model.Methods and resultsAn in vitro Caco‐2 cell monolayer, mimicking the intestinal barrier, was used to evaluate the permeation of eight SFs from different sources. A method based on ultra‐performance LC with high‐resolution mass spectrometric detection was developed for their quantification. Although only a negligible amount (< 0.5%) permeated across the Caco‐2 cell monolayer, some differences in the permeability coefficients were observed between individual SFs. Permeation mechanism was mainly passive diffusion.ConclusionThis work indicates that the permeation of SFs across the gut is very low. Therefore, cholesterol lowering and antioxidant activity‐related health benefits of SFs most likely occur in the gut independently from absorption.
An IPv6‐based mobility framework for urban vehicular networks
Authors: Wang Xiaonan , Le Deguang , Cheng Hongbin , Mu Yi 
Published: March 2015

SummaryThis paper proposes an IPv6‐based mobility framework for urban vehicular networks. In this framework, the architecture for urban vehicular networks is presented, and based on this architecture, the IPv6 address structure for urban vehicular networks is proposed. In this framework, a vehicle is always identified by its home address and does not need to be configured with a care‐of address. Based on this architecture, the pre‐handover algorithm is presented. In this algorithm, the third‐layer (L3) mobility handover is performed before the second‐layer (L2) one. When a vehicle finishes the L3 handover but does not perform the L2 handover, the corresponding access router or border router reserves the messages destined for the vehicle. After the vehicle completes the L2 handover, the access router or border router transmits the reserved messages to the vehicle. The performance of this framework is evaluated, and the results show that this framework reduces the handover cost and delay and lowers the packet loss. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new formulation for imposing Dirichlet boundary conditions on non‐matching meshes
Authors: Ramos Aurelia Cuba , Aragón Alejandro M. , Soghrati Soheil , Geubelle Philippe H. , Molinari Jean‐François 
Published: March 2015

SummaryGenerating matching meshes for problems with complex boundaries is often an intricate process, and the use of non‐matching meshes appears as an appealing solution. Yet, enforcing boundary conditions on non‐matching meshes is not a straightforward process, especially when prescribing those of Dirichlet type. By combining a type of Generalized Finite Element Method (GFEM) with the Lagrange multiplier method, a new technique for the treatment of essential boundary conditions on non‐matching meshes is introduced in this manuscript. The new formulation yields a symmetric stiffness matrix and is straightforward to implement. As a result, the methodology makes possible the analysis of problems with the use of simple structured meshes, irrespective of the problem domain boundary. Through the solution of linear elastic problems, we show that the optimal rate of convergence is preserved for piecewise linear finite elements. Yet, the formulation is general and thus it can be extended to other elliptic boundary value problems. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multi‐parameter sensing using high‐k oxide of barium strontium titanate
Authors: Huck Christina , Poghossian Arshak , Bäcker Matthias , Reisert Steffen , Kramer Friederike , Begoyan Vardges K. , Buniatyan Vahe V. , Schöning Michael J. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractHigh‐k perovskite oxide of barium strontium titanate (BST) represents a very attractive multi‐functional transducer material for the development of (bio‐)chemical sensors. In this work, a Si‐based sensor chip containing Pt interdigitated electrodes covered with a thin BST layer (485 nm) has been developed for multi‐parameter chemical sensing. The chip has been applied for the contactless measurement of the electrolyte conductivity, the detection of adsorbed charged macromolecules (positively charged polyelectrolytes of polyethylenimine) and the concentration of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) vapor. The experimental results of functional testing of individual sensors are presented. The mechanism of the BST sensitivity to charged polyelectrolytes and H2O2 vapor has been proposed and discussed.
Sustainable Transport: BRT experiences from Mexico and India
Authors: Rogat Jorge , Dhar Subash , Joshi Rutul , Mahadevia Darshini , Mendoza Juan Carlos 
Published: March 2015

Increasing population and urbanization is creating a steadily increasing demand for transportation in the cities of many developing countries, coinciding with rapid economic growth leading to increasing demand for higher standards of living and faster and more efficient modes of transportation. The decisions made today regarding transport infrastructure will affect long‐term travel behavior, with corresponding impacts on the economy, society, and the environment, the last impact being one of the most important in times of steadily rising environmental concern. The successful experiences of Curitiba in Brazil and Bogotá in Colombia have served as a source of inspiration for other cities in Latin America and elsewhere. In 1973 Curitiba became the first city in the world to introduce an integrated land use and transport infrastructure approach with an integrated transport network based on bus rapid transit (BRT). The BRT systems of Curitiba and Bogotá have subsequently been adopted all over the world with some variations. Implementation of two recent BRTs, Mexico City and Ahmedabad in India, are examined in this paper. WIREs Energy Environ 2015, 4:564–574. doi: 10.1002/wene.162This article is categorized under:

Energy and Development > Economics and Policy
Energy Research & Innovation > Climate and Environment
Culling reduces fecal pellet deposition by introduced sambar (Rusa unicolor) in a protected water catchment
Authors: Bennett Ami , Haydon Shane , Stevens Melita , Coulson Graeme 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTIntroduced sambar (Rusa unicolor) occur at high density within the Upper Yarra Catchment, an important watershed for the supply of water to Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Contamination by zoonotic pathogens in sambar fecal pellets poses a serious risk to water quality. We describe spatial and temporal patterns in distribution and density of sambar in the Upper Yarra Catchment between 2003 and 2012, and assess ground‐based culling as a technique to reduce the risk of fecal contamination of the water supply. Sambar density, as indexed by fecal pellet deposition, was inversely related to distance from the reservoir, and aggregations of up to 70 sambar occurred on open flats adjacent to the reservoir, where they foraged mostly at dusk. Culling by ground‐shooting halved fecal pellet density on these flats, primarily through short‐term deterrence rather than a significant reduction of the population. As culling continued, fecal pellet deposition declined further, reducing the likely risk to water supplies. We conclude that localized deterrence through targeted culling of sambar at this site is an effective management technique for decreasing deer fecal deposition and the risk of contamination by zoonotic pathogens of Melbourne's water supply. © 2015 The Wildlife Society.
A life‐cycle analysis of minority underrepresentation in natural resource fields
Authors: Haynes Nia , Jacobson Susan K. , Wald Dara M. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTRacial and ethnic diversity in natural resource careers does not reflect U.S. population trends. To explore potential drivers of underrepresentation in this field, we used a life‐cycle analysis to review 55 scholarly articles to identify barriers and supports influencing career choices (i.e., personal, contextual, self‐efficacy, outcome expectations) across 4 age groups. The number of cited barriers differed significantly among age groups. Personal influences included race or ethnicity, gender, age, and perceptions or predispositions toward nature. The latter was the most cited barrier for youth. Contextual influences included social, familial, structural, and experiential, and varied significantly between age groups. Exposure to nature was the most cited contextual barrier for all groups: 59% for youth, 40% for high school, 43% for college, and 50% for career. Self‐efficacy was emphasized in studies referencing youth, high school, and college age groups, and outcome expectations were only discussed in studies of the career group. After the literature analysis, we reviewed web sites, reports, and conducted personal interviews to explore how 21 federal natural‐resource agency diversity programs address variables influencing minority recruitment. Participating agencies reported challenges recruiting individuals, ensuring funding, and creating welcoming environments for minority participants, many of whom have never experienced remote natural environments or nontraditional careers. Our analysis revealed the need for a modified Framework for Career Influences. The proposed framework combines existing theories on social career choice and minority involvement in natural resource activities, but identifies personal and contextual influences that are important for minority students, as endogenous variables that influence and are influenced by self‐efficacy and outcome expectations. © 2015 The Wildlife Society.
Differences in management action acceptability for coyotes in a National Park
Authors: Sponarski Carly C. , Vaske Jerry J. , Bath Alistair J. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTSuccessful wildlife management often depends on public acceptance of wildlife control methods. We explored the acceptability and amount of consensus among local residents, park staff, and visitors for coyote (Canis latrans) management in Cape Breton Highlands National Park of Canada (NPC). We collected data near Cape Breton Highlands NPC, where there has been an increase in human–coyote conflict. Local residents were mailed a questionnaire (n = 578; 72% return rate) in 2011. Park staff completed the questionnaire (n = 124; 85% return rate) during 2011 and visitors were interviewed on trails and given a mail‐back questionnaire during 2011 and 2012 (n = 375; 51% return rate). The Potential for Conflict Index was used to examine differences in acceptability among the 3 groups. Acceptability of different management options was evaluated for 3 situations: 1) a coyote crossed the trail; 2) a coyote approached a person; and 3) a snarling coyote approached a person. All 3 groups tended to prefer nonlethal management options, but as the scenarios increased in threat level, lethal and more invasive options became more acceptable. Understanding which management options were more acceptable in different contexts facilitates informed decision‐making when humans and coyotes come into conflict. Contrasting public(s) views against those of managers highlighted situations whereby problems might occur. © 2015 The Wildlife Society.
Synthesis and Structural Features of New Schiff Base Complexes of Mononuclear MnIV, Dinuclear CoIICoIII, and Tetranuclear CuII
Authors: Back Davi F. , Manzoni de Oliveira Gelson , Mensch Canabarro Cibele , Almeida Iglesias Bernardo 
Published: March 2015

Abstract2‐(((2‐Hydroxy‐3‐methoxyphenyl)methylene)amino)‐2(hydroxymethyl)‐1,3‐propanediol (LH4, as abbreviation) reacts with MnCl2·4H2O, CoCl2·6H2O, and Cu(ClO4)2·6H2O to give the new complexes [Mn(LH2)2] (1), [Co2Cl(H2O)(LH2)2]·4H2O (2), and [Cu4(LH2)4(H2O)4] (3). Complex 1 is formed by the assembly of two molecules of the ligand with one manganese(IV) ion. In the mixed‐valence cobalt complex 2 there is an asymmetry between the coordination spheres of cobalt(II) and cobalt(III). In the tetramer 3 four copper(II) ions attain a distorted tetrahedral configuration surrounded by four molecules of the ligand.