bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance of UV Pasteurization with Quartz Glass Sleeve on Physicochemical Properties and Microbial Activity of Pineapple Juice
Authors: Mansor Atikah , Shamsudin Rosnah , Mohd Adzahan Noranizan , Hamidon Mohd Nizar 
Published: July 2015

AbstractQuartz glass has characteristics of high purity, high thermal resistance, high resistivity and high dielectric strength. Currently, majority of research in this area is discussing about the UV reactor equipped by a quartz glass sleeve. The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of quartz glass sleeve on the physicochemical properties and microbial activity of pineapple fruit juice during storage. UV‐C radiation is one of the nonthermal technologies that have been introduced in the food industry. UV‐C has the advantage of no known toxic or significant nontoxic by‐products formed during treatment. The UV reactor that is enclosed by quartz glass can maintain the quality of pineapple juice in terms of color (L* value, chroma and hue angle), total soluble solids, pH and ascorbic acid content. All of the physicochemical properties of pineapple juice underwent significant changes with storage time. Moreover, the UV reactor that is enclosed by quartz glass is able to extend the shelf life of juice for up to 5 weeks and achieve a 5 log reduction of Salmonella typhimurium in the juice after treatment.Practical ApplicationsQuartz glass or fused quartz is widely used in thermophysical measurements for calibration and verification of thermal devices. Quartz glass was permeable for wavelength less than 350 nm. Therefore, the UV‐C radiation was able to transmit through the quartz glass. Quartz glass was installed in UV reactor to avoid direct contact of the surface of the lamp with the treated juice. Quartz glass is used to minimize the heat from the UV lamp being exposed to the juice.
Prevalence, Antimicrobial Resistance and Serotype Distribution of Listeria monocytogenes Isolated from Raw Milk and Dairy Products
Authors: Kevenk Tahsin Onur , Terzi Gulel Goknur 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe objectives of study were to assess presence of Listeria monocytogenes, perform serotyping and investigate antibiotic resistance in raw milk and dairy products. A total of 210 milk and dairy products including white (n = 20) and kashar cheese (n = 20), ice cream (n = 20), butter (n = 20), cokelek (n = 10), kuymak (n = 10) and farm cheese (n = 10) were obtained from Samsun, Turkey. All samples were analyzed using an immunomagnetic separation‐based culture technique and strains of L. monocytogenes were confirmed by presence of hlyA and iap genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). L. monocytogenes was identified in 5 of 100 (5%) milk samples, serotyped as 4b and 1/2b, and in 9 of 110 (8.2%) dairy products, serotyped as 1/2a, 1/2b and 1/2c. However, L. monocytogenes was not identified from butter, kashar and ice cream samples. The antibiotic susceptibility against ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, penicillin G, oxytetracycline, tetracycline and vancomycin was assessed by disc diffusion method. It was found that 15.3% of isolates were resistant to at least one drug and 36.5% were multidrug resistant. Among isolates, resistance to tetracycline was most commonly encountered (34.6%), followed by resistance to chloramphenicol (25%) and penicillin G (23%). In conclusion, our data also indicate that consuming raw and unpasteurised milk and dairy products could pose a risk of listeriosis in humans.Practical ApplicationsAlthough there are plenty of studies about the incidence of L. monocytogenes in raw milk and dairy products in Turkey, our study is the first one in Samsun (Middle Black Sea) Region about Listeria in milk and dairy products. Also in our study, we characterized some virulence genes and serotype distribution of L. monocytogenes by PCR. Finally, we performed antibiotic resistance tests of isolates to see possible public health threats because of using overabundant antibiotics. If we analyze all these work to see the potential risk assessments in this region, our study could be a leading study in near future.
A comparative study of educational provision for children with neurogenetic syndromes: parent and teacher survey
Authors: Reilly C. , Senior J. , Murtagh L. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackgroundA number of neurogenetic syndromes have a high association with special educational needs including fragile X syndrome (FXS), Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS), Williams syndrome (WS) and Velo‐Cardio‐Facial syndrome (VCFS). There is a paucity of research on educational provision for children affected by these syndromes.MethodParents (n = 381) and teachers (n = 204) of school‐aged children with one of the four syndromes in the UK and Ireland were surveyed in a range of areas concerning the child's educational provision. Areas surveyed included school placement, views on the needs of children with the syndromes, desired changes to current provision and perceived teacher knowledge.ResultsSchool placement in mainstream settings decreased with age in all of the syndromes. Males with the syndromes were more likely to be in specialised educational settings with the exception of WS. Teachers reported limited input on initial or subsequent training for all of the syndromes. The majority of teachers did not view the needs of children with syndromes as different from other children with intellectual disability (ID) although there were significant differences between the syndromes. Changes deemed necessary to provision by parents and teachers differed between the syndromes indicating the existence of perceptions of syndrome specific needs. The lowest perceived level of teacher knowledge was in the VCFS group.ConclusionThe majority of teachers of children with neurogenetic syndromes report limited knowledge of the syndromes, but also a lack of belief that the children's needs are different from the majority of children with ID. Differences between the syndromes in some areas of provision suggest that a child's syndrome does impact on educational provision in some areas.
Expression of myogenic regulatory factors in chicken embryos during somite and limb development
Authors: Mok Gi Fay , Mohammed Rabeea Hazim , Sweetman Dylan 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe expression of the myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs), Myf5, MyoD, myogenin (Mgn) and MRF4 have been analysed during the development of chicken embryo somites and limbs. In somites, Myf5 is expressed first in somites and paraxial mesoderm at HH stage 9 followed by MyoD at HH stage 12, and Mgn and MRF4 at HH stage 14. In older somites, Myf5 and MyoD are also expressed in the ventrally extending myotome prior to Mgn and MRF4 expression. In limb muscles a similar temporal sequence is observed with Myf5 expression detected first in forelimbs at HH stage 22, MyoD at HH stage 23, Mgn at HH stage 24 and MRF4 at HH stage 30. This report describes the precise time of onset of expression of each MRF in somites and limbs during chicken embryo development, and provides a detailed comparative timeline of MRF expression in different embryonic muscle groups.
Cerebrospinal fluid drainage through the diploic and spinal epidural veins
Authors: Tsutsumi Satoshi , Ogino Ikuko , Miyajima Masakazu , Ito Masanori , Arai Hajime , Yasumoto Yukimasa 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe aim of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the function of the cranial diploic and spinal epidural veins as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage pathways by measuring lipocalin‐type prostaglandin D synthase (PGDS) and cystatin C (CysC) dissolved in the blood of these veins. This was a prospective study involving 51 consecutive patients, 31 males and 20 females, who underwent 41 cranial and 10 spinal surgeries. Intraoperatively, peripheral venous blood and diploic venous blood, or peripheral venous blood and spinal epidural venous blood samples were simultaneously collected and immediately centrifuged. For all samples, dissolved albumin (for reference), PGDS and CysC were measured using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The diploic vein/peripheral vein ratios in five cranial locations and epidural vein/peripheral vein ratios were calculated and statistically evaluated for the three biomarkers. For PGDS, the diploic vein/peripheral vein ratio was significantly increased in the frontal (P = 0.011), temporal (P = 0.028), parietal (P = 0.046) and skull base (P = 0.039), while it did not reach statistical significance for CysC. For patients older than 45 years, the diploic vein/peripheral vein ratio for PGDS was significantly decreased in the frontal region (P = 0.028), and the epidural vein/peripheral vein ratio for CysC was significantly decreased (P = 0.014). These results show that the diploic veins constitute CSF drainage pathways with heterogeneous functional intensity at different cranial locations. Compared with the diploic veins, spinal epidural veins seem to drain less CSF. The cranial diploic and spinal epidural veins may jointly function as an alternative, age‐related trans‐dural CSF drainage system.
Older people in the emergency department: a literature review
Authors: Šteinmiller Jekaterina , Routasalo Pirkko , Suominen Tarja 
Published: July 2015

BackgroundEmergency departments (EDs) play a unique role in healthcare systems throughout the world by providing acute interventions for older patients with acute/emergency and multiple health problems. The aim of this review was to identify studies that focused on older patients admitted to EDs and to determine the reasons for the visits.Design and methodsThe literature review was based on a comprehensive search of electronic databases. Inclusion criteria were original research written in English; published 2002–2012; focused on older people; reasons for ED visit; and factors that affect the discharge process and those associated with a repeat ED visit. Other literature reviews and studies unrelated to the ED context, and studies examining patients aged ≥65 years, were excluded. Content analysis was performed. Twenty‐five studies were identified and critically evaluated.ResultsThe highest proportion of older people visited the ED because of multiple health conditions. The reasons for the visits were cardiovascular, mental health, musculoskeletal and abdominal conditions; adverse drug reactions; dermatological, neurological and respiratory conditions; poor health status; accidents; and the influence of time factors such as time of day, week or season. Factors that affected the discharge process were unresolved problems, health risk identification, aftercare instructions, medication prescribed at discharge and patient's residence before ED admission. Factors associated with repeat ED visits were sociodemographic characteristics, social problems, health problems, need for systematic health assessment, healthcare service use and inadequacy of care provided.ConclusionsThe current review showed that older people are the main population visiting EDs; important factors required for planning and providing nursing care for older people in EDs were identified. More research is needed to determine how EDs support older people and their families.Implications for practiceThe findings of the current review identified that older people visit ED quite often because of different reasons. Discharge process and repeat visits may be influenced by various factors. To ensure quality nursing care in ED nurses need to be aware why do older people visit the ED, what factors may influence discharge and what factors are associated with repeat ED visits.
Developmental risk factors in Vietnamese preschool‐age children: Cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Duc Nguyen Huu Chau 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackgroundEarly childhood development (ECD) strongly influences children's basic learning, school success, economic participation, social citizenry and health. Although some risk factors related to childhood development are documented, further exploration is necessary considering various sociodemographic, nutritional, and psychosocial factors. This study investigated factors affecting ECD in Vietnamese preschoolers.MethodsWe used data from the representative, cross‐sectional round of the Vietnam Multiple Indicator Clusters Survey 2011. Early Childhood Development Index questionnaires were administered to mothers of all children aged 36–59 months in the household (n = 1459). Descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression were used in the analysis.ResultsIn Vietnam, 17.2% of children did not reach their full developmental potential within the first 5 years. Children who had been breast‐fed (AOR, 2.78; 95%CI: 1.28–6.02), attended preschool (AOR, 1.75; 95%CI: 1.28–2.39), were of major ethnicity (AOR, 2.41; 95%CI: 1.55–3.74), had a mother with secondary or higher education (AOR, 1.69; 95%CI: 1.19–2.38) and had relatives who engaged with them in four or more activities that promote learning (AOR, 1.55; 95%CI: 1.13–2.14) were more likely to have a normal developmental trajectory. Furthermore, children who experienced physical punishment and stunting were 0.69‐fold (95%CI: 0.51–0.95) and 0.71‐fold (95%CI: 0.51–0.98) less likely to be on track for ECD, respectively.ConclusionsThe risk factors associated with delayed ECD were low level of maternal education; family ethnicity; lack of preschool attendance; relatives who did not engage with them in learning; physical punishment; not being breast‐fed; and stunting.
Low‐ versus high‐flow oxygen delivery systems in children with lower respiratory infection
Authors: Uygur Pinar , Oktem Sedat , Boran Perran , Tutar Engin , Tokuc Gulnur 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackgroundDelivery of supplemental oxygen is the initial vital management of hypoxemic acute lower respiratory infection (HALRI). Oxygen delivery systems include low‐flow and high‐flow devices. In high‐flow devices such as the Venturi mask, a constant mixture of oxygen is delivered. As a result, increased rate of breathing does not affect the concentration of oxygen delivered. In this study, we compared the efficacy of oxygen masks and Venturi masks in the management of hypoxemia in pediatric patients.MethodsA total of 65 children, aged 3–36 months, diagnosed with HALRI, were enrolled. Patients were allocated into groups, via simple alternate randomization, to receive oxygen through an oxygen mask or through a Venturi mask. Respiratory rate, heart rate, retraction, blood gas parameters, oxygen saturation, length of hospitalization, and oxygenation were recorded before and after oxygen treatment.ResultsAfter 24 h of treatment, respiratory rate was significantly lower among patients in the Venturi mask group compared with the oxygen mask group. Duration of supplemental oxygen and length of hospitalization were significantly lower in the Venturi mask group compared with the oxygen mask group.ConclusionIn both groups, there was marked improvement in all measured parameters following introduction of supplemental oxygen. Oxygen was delivered more efficiently, however, by high‐flow systems. The Venturi mask may decrease the total duration of oxygen usage time as well as the length of hospitalization among young children with HALRI through rapid symptom resolution.
Wittgenstein on Set Theory and the Enormously Big
Authors: Dawson Ryan 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWittgenstein's conception of infinity can be seen as continuing the tradition of the potential infinite that begins with Aristotle. Transfinite cardinals in set theory might seem to render the potential infinite defunct with the actual infinite now given mathematical legitimacy. But Wittgenstein's remarks on set theory argue that the philosophical notion of the actual infinite remains philosophical and is not given a mathematical status as a result of set theory. The philosophical notion of the actual infinite is not to be found in the mathematics of set theory, only in a certain associated philosophy – what Wittgenstein calls a certain kind of “prose”.
The Role of Sexual Health Professionals in Developing a Shared Concept of Risky Sexual Behavior as it Relates to HIV Transmission
Authors: Brawner Bridgette M. , Alexander Kamila A. , Fannin Ehriel F. , Baker Jillian L. , Davis Zupenda M. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract“Risky sexual behavior” accounts for the majority of new HIV infections regardless of gender, age, geographic location, or ethnicity. The phrase, however, refers to a relatively nebulous concept that hampers development of effective sexual health communication strategies. The purpose of this paper was to propose development of a shared conceptual understanding of “risky sexual behavior.” We reviewed multidisciplinary HIV/AIDS literature to identify definitions of risky sexual behavior. Both the linguistic components and the social mechanisms that contribute to the concept of risky sexual behaviors were noted. Risky sexual behavior was often defined in a subjective manner in the literature, even in the scientific research. We urge a paradigm shift to focus on explicit behaviors and the social context of those behaviors in determining HIV risk. We also propose a new definition that reduces individual biases and promotes a broader discussion of the degree of sexual risk across a diversity of behavioral contexts. Sexual health professionals can strengthen practice and research initiatives by operating from a concise working definition of risky sexual behavior that is broadly transferable and expands beyond a traditional focus on identity‐based groups.
Prediction of hematopoietic stem cell yield after mobilization with granulocyte–colony‐stimulating factor in healthy unrelated donors
Authors: Teipel Raphael , Schetelig Johannes , Kramer Michael , Schmidt Helmuth , Schmidt Alexander H. , Thiede Christian , Oelschlägel Uta , Kroschinsky Frank , Bornhäuser Martin , Ehninger Gerhard , Hölig Kristina 
Published: July 2015

BACKGROUNDThe collection of hematopoietic stem cells from the peripheral blood of healthy donors has been established as a highly efficient method. Nevertheless, some donors have a moderate or poor chance of harvest success with standard mobilization regimens.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSWe retrospectively reviewed data from 7216 unrelated healthy donors, who underwent granulocyte–colony‐stimulating factor mobilization and consecutive leukapheresis for allogeneic stem cell transplantation. We tested different donor variables of potential influence and established a statistical model for prediction of upfront mobilization capacity and harvest success. In addition, we calculated the likelihood of a successful harvest dependent on predicted preapheresis CD34+ count and recipient weight.RESULTSFemale sex, older age, smoking, elevated lactate dehydrogenase, higher relative lymphocyte count, and higher large unstained cell count at baseline were negatively correlated with the CD34+ cell count on Day +5 (p < 0.0001). In contrast, higher platelet count, higher body mass index, higher absolute lymphocyte count, and higher relative monocyte count at baseline showed a positive correlation with the CD34+ count on Day +5 (p < 0.0001). Using a model built on these factors, we could significantly improve the prediction of harvest success compared to a basic model.CONCLUSIONThe model allows the identification of female donors who eventually have a significant risk of harvest failure if requested to donate for recipients with a high body weight.
Erythrocyte and Biochemical Abnormalities as Diagnostic Markers in Dogs With Hemangiosarcoma Related Hemoabdomen
Authors: Wong Richard W. , Gonsalves Mishka N. , Huber Michael L. , Rich Lon , Strom Adam 
Published: July 2015

ObjectiveTo investigate: 1) acanthocytosis and presence of acanthocytes in peritoneal fluid as a diagnostic marker for hemangiosarcoma (HSA) in dogs with non‐traumatic hemoabdomen; and 2) the association between other erythrocyte, biochemical, and hematologic abnormalities as a mean of differentiating HSA from other disease.Study DesignProspective double‐blinded cohort study.AnimalsDogs (n = 40) with non‐traumatic hemoabdomen.MethodsDogs diagnosed with hemoabdomen (January 2012 to May 2013) had cytologic evaluation of abdominal effusion and peripheral blood smears. Peripheral blood CBC, PT, and aPTT, as well as blood and effusion acanthocytes, keratocytes, schistocytes, lactate, glucose, PCV, and TP results were compared using the paired t‐test or Fisher's exact test. Based on histologic confirmation of HSA, dogs were divided into 2 groups (HSA, non‐HSA) and variables compared.ResultsThere was no significant difference in erythrocyte morphology in abdominal effusion or peripheral blood between dogs with HSA or non‐HSA related hemoabdomen. Platelet concentration and peripheral blood PCV were significantly lower in the HSA group.ConclusionsA reliable preoperative biochemical or cytologic test to differentiate between HSA and non‐HSA related hemoabdomen was not identified.
Cross-Validation of Single-Stage Treadmill Tests for Predicting Aerobic Fitness in Adolescents With Type I Diabetes
Authors: Francis Shelby L. , Singhvi Ajay , Tsalikian Eva , Tansey Michael J. , Janz Kathleen F. 
Published: July 2015

Purpose:Determining fitness is important when assessing adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Submaximal tests estimate fitness, but none have been validated in this population. This study cross-validates the Ebbeling and Nemeth equations to predict fitness (VO2max (ml/kg/min)) in adolescents with T1DM.Methods:Adolescents with T1DM (n = 20) completed a maximal treadmill test using indirect calorimetry. Participants completed one 4-min stage between 2.0 and 4.5 mph and 5% grade (Ebbeling/Nemeth protocol). Speed and grade were then increased until exhaustion. Predicted VO2max was calculated using the Ebbeling and Nemeth equations and compared with observed VO2max using paired t tests. Pearson correlation coefficients, 95% confidence intervals, coefficients of determination (R2), and total error (TE) were calculated.Results:The mean observed VO2max was 47.0 ml/kg/min (SD = 6.9); the Ebbeling and Nemeth mean predictions were 42.4 (SD = 9.4) and 43.5 ml/kg/min (SD = 6.9), respectively. Paired t tests resulted in statistically significant (p < .01) mean differences between observed and predicted VO2max for both predictions. The association between the Ebbeling prediction and observed VO2max was r = .90 (95% CI = 0.76, 0.96), R2 = .81, and TE = 6.5 ml/kg/min. The association between the Nemeth prediction and observed VO2max was r = .81 (95% CI = 0.57, 0.92), R2 = .66, and TE = 5.6 ml/kg/min.Conclusion:The Nemeth submaximal treadmill protocol provides a better estimate of fitness than the Ebbeling in adolescents with T1DM.
Salicylic acid modulates colonization of the root microbiome by specific bacterial taxa
Authors: Lebeis Sarah L. , Paredes Sur Herrera , Lundberg Derek S. , Breakfield Natalie , Gehring Jase , McDonald Meredith , Malfatti Stephanie , Glavina del Rio Tijana , Jones Corbin D. , Tringe Susannah G. , Dangl Jeffery L. 
Published: July 2015

Immune signals shape root communitiesTo thwart microbial pathogens aboveground, the plantArabidopsisturns on defensive signaling using salicylic acid. InArabidopsisplants with modified immune systems, Lebeiset al.show that bacterial communities change in response to salicylic acid signaling in the root zone as well (see the Perspective by Haney and Ausubel). Abundance of some root-colonizing bacterial families increased at the expense of others, partly as a function of whether salicylic acid was used as an immune signal or as a carbon source for microbial growth.Science, this issue p.860; see also p.788
Draft Genome Sequence of a Fluconazole-Resistant
Candida auris
Strain from a Candidemia Patient in India
Authors: Sharma Cheshta , Kumar Nitin , Meis Jacques F. , Pandey Rajesh , Chowdhary Anuradha 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT

Candida auris
is a multidrug-resistant yeast incriminated in a wide spectrum of invasive infections, especially in intensive care settings. The first draft genome sequence of
C. auris
, VPCI 479/P/13, from a case with fungemia was sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq platform. The estimated genome size is 12.3 Mb, with 6,675 coding sequences.