bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blastomycosis of Bone
Authors: Jain Richa , Singh Kamaljit , Lamzabi Ihab , Harbhajanka Aparna , Gattuso Paolo , Reddy Vijaya B. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract

Objectives:
Blastomycosis osteomyelitis is a well-known but infrequently encountered complication of infection with the dimorphic mold, Blastomyces dermatitidis. Oftentimes, the diagnosis is unsuspected, resulting in a delay in making the diagnosis. The role of intraoperative consultation in making a rapid diagnosis has not been discussed previously.

Methods:
Retrospective chart review of clinicopathologic information was conducted from all cases of blastomycosis osteomyelitis and arthritis diagnosed at Rush University Medical Center between 2000 and 2010.

Results:
Fourteen cases of blastomycosis osteomyelitis and/or arthritis were identified, 12 of which clinically and radiologically presented as a bone tumor. The disease most commonly affected the lower extremities, particularly around the knee joint. Septic arthritis generally occurred secondary to osteomyelitis of the adjacent bone. Frozen section was performed in 10 cases, all of which were correctly diagnosed as granulomatous osteomyelitis. Two cases were culture negative, one of which showed many budding yeast forms typical of B dermatitidis on histology.

Conclusion:
Blastomycosis osteomyelitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of bone tumor, particularly when there is history of residence or travel in endemic areas. This disease can be correctly identified at frozen section, thus offering rapid diagnosis. There is an excellent correlation between morphologic and microbiologic studies.
Management of testosterone therapy in adolescents and young men with hypogonadism: are we following adult clinical practice guidelines?
Authors: Nahata Leena , Yu Richard N. , Bhasin Shalender , Cohen Laurie E. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractMale hypogonadism is a common disorder that is associated with low bone density, poor muscle mass, anemia, and sexual dysfunction. The Endocrine Society recently published a Clinical Practice Guideline for testosterone therapy in androgen-deficient men. Because treatment is frequently initiated in adolescence, the goal of this quality improvement initiative was to assess whether pediatric endocrinologists at a large tertiary care center follow these guidelines and to identify opportunities for improvement.We performed a retrospective chart review at Boston Children’s Hospital. Inclusion criteria were as follows: current age ≥16 years, diagnosis of hypogonadism, and testosterone replacement therapy. Data were collected about current age, age at treatment initiation, diagnoses, pre- and on-treatment testosterone levels, route of testosterone administration and dose, bone density, hematocrit levels, and adherence with therapy.Fifty-nine patients were included. Fourteen (24%) were prescribed lower testosterone doses than those recommended in the Clinical Practice Guideline. Seven (12%) had no pre-treatment testosterone levels, and 10 (17%) had no on-treatment levels. In 49 patients with on-treatment testosterone levels, 36 had at least one value that was lower than the adult reference range. Ten (28%) of the 36 men with low testosterone levels had no dose adjustments. Thirty-seven (63%) of the 59 patients had no dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans, and 18 (31%) did not have hematocrit levels.Pediatric endocrinologists in this review did not consistently follow the Clinical Practice Guideline for testosterone therapy in hypogonadal adult males. Strategies that improve adherence to guidelines could help maximize the benefits of therapy and minimize treatment-associated risks.
Gaseous mercury behaviour in the presence of functionalized styrene–divinylbenzene copolymers
Authors: Díaz-Somoano Mercedes , Popa Adriana , Rumayor Marta , López-Antón M. Antonia , Martínez-Tarazona M. Rosa , Ilia Gheorghe 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Two styrene-6.7 % divinylbenzene copolymers functionalized with aminophosphonate groups and phosphonic acid groups by means of “one-pot” reactions were evaluated for gaseous mercury removal. The results were compared with those obtained using a commercial activated carbon. These materials exhibit a significant capacity for mercury oxidation (13–25 %) with low mercury capture (9–30 μg g–1). The mercury retention capacity was observed to decrease when acid gases are present in the gas atmosphere. The highest retention capacity corresponded to the highest oxidation ratio and was obtained using the AMINOPHOS sample. These results suggest a mercury oxidation and a subsequent chemical adsorption mechanism in which the amino groups play a role in mercury capture.
Advances in interpenetrating polymer network hydrogels and their applications
Authors: Dragan Ecaterina Stela 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) hydrogels brought distinct benefits compared to single network hydrogels like more widely controllable physical properties, and (frequently) more efficient drug loading/release. However, IPN strategy is not sufficient to design hydrogels with enhanced mechanical properties required for regenerative medicine like replacement of natural cartilage or artificial cornea. Some of the novel techniques promoted last decade for the preparation of IPN hydrogels which fulfill these requirements are discussed in the review. Among them, “double network” strategy had a strong contribution in the development of a large variety of hydrogels with spectacular mechanical properties at water content up to 90 %. Using cryogelation in tandem with IPN strategy led to composite cryogels with high mechanical properties and high performances in separation processes of ionic species. Highly stretchable and extremely tough hydrogels have been obtained by combining a covalently cross-linked synthetic network with an ionically cross-linked alginate network. IPN hydrogels with tailored mesh size have been also reported.
Synthesis and thermal behaviour of pauflerite, β-VOSO4, and its α-modification
Authors: Paufler Peter , Filatov Stanislav K. , Bubnova Rimma S. , Krzhizhanovskaya Maria G. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Powder α-VOSO4 was prepared by dehydration of VOSO4·3H2O. β-VOSO4 was synthesized by boiling of V2O5 in H2SO4. Thermal behaviour of VOSO4·3H2O, α- and β-VOSO4 modifications is studied by high-temperature powder X-ray diffraction and thermal analysis, including two-step dehydration of VOSO4·3H2O, formation of α-VOSO4, thermal expansion and decomposition of both modifications into V2O5. Higher anisotropy of thermal expansion of the tetragonal α-modification α
c
= 39(2)·10–6 K–1 along the vanadyl ion and α
a
= 2.4(6)·10–6 K–1 in the perpendicular direction) comparing to the orthorhombic β-modification (α
a
= 20.2(7), α
b
= 2.8(8), α
c
= 17.8(4)·10–6 K–1) is explained from a crystal chemical point of view.
Incommensurate modulations in stoichiometric Ni2MnGa ferromagnetic shape memory alloy: an overview
Authors: Singh Sanjay , Barman S.R. , Pandey Dhananjai 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
This article presents a brief overview of our recent work on the nature of long period modulation in the premartensite and martensite phases of Ni2MnGa ferromagnetic shape memory alloy using high resolution synchrotron x-ray powder diffraction patterns. The commensurate structure model using the Pnnm space group is unable to account for the peak positions of the satellite reflections that appear due to modulations correctly. LeBail and Rietveld refinements using the (3+1)-D super space group Immm(00γ)s00 show that the peak positions of all the reflections, including the satellites, can be explained satisfactorily using incommensurate modulations for both the premartensite and martensite phases. The incommensurate modulation vectors are found to be
q
=0.33761(5)
c*
=(1/3+δ1)
c*
and 0.43160(3)
c*
=(3/7+δ2)
c*
, where δ1 and δ2 are the degrees of incommensuration for the premartensite and martensite phases, respectively. The periodicity of the closest rational approximant of the premartensite and martensite phases are confirmed to be 3 M and 7 M, respectively, in agreement with single crystal diffraction results.
Resting-State Functional Connectivity Changes in Aging apoE4 and apoE-KO Mice
Authors: Zerbi Valerio , Wiesmann Maximilian , Emmerzaal Tim L. , Jansen Diane , Van Beek Maarten , Mutsaers Martina P.C. , Beckmann Christian F. , Heerschap Arend , Kiliaan Amanda J. 
Published: October 2014

It is well established that the cholesterol-transporter apolipoprotein ε (APOE) genotype is associated with the risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, brain functional connectivity (FC) in apoE-ε4 carriers has been investigated by means of resting-state fMRI, showing a marked differentiation in several functional networks at different ages compared with carriers of other apoE isoforms. The causes of such hampered FC are not understood. We hypothesize that vascular function and synaptic repair processes, which are both impaired in carriers of ε4, are the major contributors to the loss of FC during aging. To test this hypothesis, we integrated several different MRI techniques with immunohistochemistry and investigated FC changes in relation with perfusion, diffusion, and synaptic density in apoE4 and apoE-knock-out (KO) mice at 12 (adult) and 18 months of age.Compared with wild-type mice, we detected FC deficits in both adult and old apoE4 and apoE-KO mice. In apoE4 mice, these changes occurred concomitant with increased mean diffusivity in the hippocampus, whereas perfusion deficits appear only later in life, together with reduced postsynaptic density levels. Instead, in apoE-KO mice FC deficits were mirrored by strongly reduced brain perfusion since adulthood. In conclusion, we provide new evidence for a relation between apoE and brain connectivity, possibly mediated by vascular risk factors and by the efficiency of APOE as synaptic modulator in the brain. Our results show that multimodal MR neuroimaging is an excellent tool to assess brain function and to investigate early neuropathology and aging effects in translational research.
The Organization of Hacienda Labor during the Mexican Revolution: Evidence from Yucatán
Authors: Mattiace Shannan , Nonnenmacher Tomas 
Published: October 2014

Beginning in 1914, Yucatecan revolutionary governors promulgated a series of decrees that liberated and regulated labor on henequen haciendas. The first of these decrees banned debt peonage, immediately weakening the pre-revolutionary labor regime, which was based on a mixture of paternalism and coercion. Using census and hacienda data, we show how hacendados and workers adapted to institutional changes and market shocks, allowing output and investment to increase after the Revolution. While there was considerable continuity in the methods of contracting before and after the Revolution, market participants exhibited agility in shifting among multiple contractual forms.
Al comienzo de 1914, los gobernantes revolucionarios yucatecos promulgaron una serie de decretos que liberaban y regulaban la mano de obra en las haciendas de henequén. Los primeros de estos decretos prohibían la deuda de los peones, lo que debilitaba inmediatamente el régimen de trabajo prerevolucionario, basado en una mezcla de paternalismo y coerción. Mediante el uso de censos e información sobre las haciendas, mostramos cómo los hacendados y los trabajadores se adaptaron a los cambios institucionales y a los golpes del mercado, y cómo permitieron el incremento de la producción y la inversión tras la revolución. Aunque hubo una continuidad considerable en los métodos de contratación antes del movimiento armado, los participantes en el mercado mostraron agilidad para trasladarse entre múltiples formas contractuales.
Integración tecnológica y financiera de Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas: hacia una nueva política de industrialización en México
Authors: Neria Andrés Blancas , López-Gómez Carlos 
Published: October 2014

Este documento analiza algunas de las principales brechas tecnológicas y de financiamiento de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas (PYMES) en México, y discute los retos que estas brechas implican para el diseño de una nueva política nacional de industrialización. Primero, se discute la importancia económica de las PYMES como principales generadoras de empleo en México, y del sector de la manufactura como el impulsor central de la productividad nacional y la innovación tecnológica. En cuanto a las brechas tecnológicas, se hace énfasis en la escasa participación de las PYMES en México en la producción de bienes de capital y la dependencia tecnológica que este hecho supone. Con respecto a las brechas financieras, se discute la situación de vulnerabilidad financiera de las PYMES, lo cual se manifiesta en una alta y creciente proporción de PYMES que no utilizan el crédito bancario en México (más de tres cuartos del total en los últimos años). Tomando en cuenta lo anterior, el artículo enfatiza la necesidad de incorporar, como parte de una nueva política industrial, medidas para fortalecer el ecosistema productivo-financiero nacional. Para ello, el artículo sostiene que es necesario caracterizar las PYMES no sólo en cuanto a la distribución sectorial sino también en cuanto a su posición en la cadena de valor productiva. Asimismo, el artículo plantea la necesidad de una estructura y funcionamiento alternativos de la banca de desarrollo, considerando la factibilidad de una política monetaria dual y de los llamados “Cajones especiales de crédito”.
This paper explores some of the main technological and financing gaps faced by SMEs in Mexico, and discusses the implications of such gaps for the design of a new industrial policy. The paper first discusses the economic importance of SMEs in Mexico as the main supporters of employment, and that of the manufacturing industry as the main driver of productivity growth and technological innovation. With regard to technological gaps, the paper emphasizes the scarce participation of Mexicans SMEs in the production of capital goods and the dependency on foreign suppliers that this implies. With regard to financing gaps, the paper presents evidence of the increasing proportion of SMEs that do not access bank loans (over three quarters of the total in recent years). Taking this into account, the paper argues for the need to incorporate, as part of a new industrial policy in Mexico, measures to strengthen the national productive-finance ecosystem. In order to do this, the paper argues for the need to characterize SMEs not only in terms of their sectoral distribution but also in terms of their position in the value chain. Furthermore, the paper argues for the need of an alternative structure and functioning of the country’s development banking system, considering the feasibility of a dual monetary policy and the selective credit mechanisms commonly referred to as “Cajones especiales de crédito”.
Mediación Escolar: presentación del tema
Authors: Mariño Castro Carlos 
Published: October 2014

Después de una breve historia sobre el origen de la Mediación como técnica de resolución de conflictos se analiza su aplicación en España a los centros educativos como medio para la resolución de los problemas de relación entre los miembros de la comunidad educativa.A continuación se ofrece una breve reseña de los cinco artículos que conforman este bloque temático. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.15304/ie.24.2121
Redes de centros para una convivencia positiva
Authors: Garcia Barreiro Javier , Sanz Lobo María Dolores , Cortés Ferro Begoña , Núñez Rodríguez Cipriano 
Published: October 2014

Se describe el trabajo colaborativo que consigue fraguar un proyecto, gestado con esfuerzo e ilusión para organizar y celebrar el I y II Encuentro de Centros para una Convivencia Positiva. Dichos encuentros tienen como visión consolidar una red de apoyo y colaboración entre el profesorado, el alumnado y las familias de los 23 centros educativos participantes. Creamos un espacio para el intercambio de buenas prácticas de convivencia, así como para la formación conjunta en la gestión pacífica de los conflictos en los centros escolares y en la familia (especialmente en mediación escolar), la educación emocional y el fomento de la competencia social y ciudadana. http://dx.doi.org/10.15304/ie.24.2126
Inkjet Printing of Titanium Dioxide Photoanodes for Dye Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Johnson Jeffrey , Jiao Lihong (Heidi) 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTInkjet printing of TiO2 potentially offers a high degree of control over the deposition of TiO2 suspensions. Previous use of inkjet printing for TiO2 depositions have focused on producing TiO2 films with uniform density. A multi-ink printing system offers the possibility of depositing TiO2 films with variable density using a single deposition method.For this research, inkjet printing of TiO2 films with a graded density profile was explored as a means of improving dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) performance. Varying pore volume as a means to produce density variations in TiO2 layers was explored. To control the pore volume, several TiO2 suspensions were developed with different pore-forming additives. DSSCs with printed TiO2 films having three density layers showed an average improvement in the conversion efficiency of 127% versus those with a single layer and 45% versus those with dual- layer TiO2. Short-circuit current densities of cells with tri-layer films increased an average of 62% over those with a single layer and 17% over those with dual-layer TiO2. It was also shown that DSSCs with inkjet printed TiO2 layers performed better than those with spin-coated TiO2 layers.The results effectively demonstrated the potential for using inkjet printing as a sole deposition method to produce TiO2 films with non-uniform density leading to improved DSSC performance. One possibility for further study is to create further layer variations through simultaneous printing of different suspensions.
A Frequency Agile Miniaturized Antenna Utilizing Ferroelectric Barium-Strontium-Titanate Capacitors
Authors: Alzahrani S. , Kalkur T.S , Song H. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA miniaturized frequency agile multi-band antenna based on BST varactors is presented. The radiation patterns and frequency responses of this antenna are characterized. The measured tunability was 2.1%, 9.1%, and 6.6% for the first, second, and third band respectively. The lowest resonant frequency corresponds to an antenna size of 0.076λg × 0.076λg. The size reduction of the antenna was achieved by employing the novel antenna structure and the thin film BST varactors. The measured -3 dB bandwidth was between 3.1% and 7.4% for all bands.
Characterization of Micro-Pore Structure in Novel Cement Matrices
Authors: Yoon Seyoon , Galan Isabel , Celik Kemal , Glasser Fredrik P. , Imbabi Mohammed S. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTCalcium sulfoaluminate (CSA) cements are being developed using a novel processing method having as its objective lowering specific CO2 emissions by ∼50% relative to a Portland cement benchmark. We need to be able to measure the properties of the products. Porosity and permeability measurements help define the engineering properties but their quantification is influenced by the choice of experimental protocols. In the present study we used ordinary Portland cement (PC) paste as a benchmark and hydrated ye’elimite, which is a main component of CSA cements, to understand its pore structure. We report on the use of synchrotron-sourced radiation for µCT (Computerized Tomography) and 3D image re-construction of the internal micro-pore structure of PC and ye’elimite-gypsum pastes. As a comparison, porosity and permeability measurements were traditionally obtained using Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry (MIP). The Mori-Tanaka method and the polynomial statistical model were used to analyze the effects of different 3-D micro-pore structures on mechanical properties. The results show that e micro-pore structures differ considerably between PC and ye’elimite pastes and their bulk modulus is significantly affected by the shapes of their micro-pore structures.
Use of alcohol in the elderly: transcultural validation of the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test – Geriatric Version (MAST-G)
Authors: Kano Marcia Yumi , Santos Manoel Antônio dos , Pillon Sandra Cristina 
Published: October 2014

Objective: To evaluate the internal consistency of the version of the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test – Geriatric Version (MAST-G) instrument, translated and adapted for Brazil. Method: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study. Data were collected through a demographic questionnaire, the ICD-10 and the MAST-G, following the steps of translation and cultural adaptation. One hundred eleven elderly in the city of São Carlos, SP, Brazil were interviewed. Results: The mean age of those interviewed was 70 years, with 45% men and 55% women, with the mean education of three years; 92% resided with family; 48% of the subjects consumed alcoholic beverages. The MAST-G presented a good level of reliability, with Cronbach’s α = 0.7873, and good levels of sensitivity and specificity with a cutoff score of five positive responses. Conclusion: The Brazilian version of the MAST-G presented internal consistency values similar to the original English version,showing it to be adequate for use in the national context.
Contributory Factors to Unsteadiness During Walking Up and Down Stairs in Patients With Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
Authors: Handsaker Joseph C. , Brown Steven J. , Bowling Frank L. , Cooper Glen , Maganaris Constantinos N. , Boulton Andrew J.M. , Reeves Neil D. 
Published: October 2014

OBJECTIVE
Although patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) are more likely to fall than age-matched controls, the underlying causative factors are not yet fully understood. This study examines the effects of diabetes and neuropathy on strength generation and muscle activation patterns during walking up and down stairs, with implications for fall risk.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Sixty-three participants (21 patients with DPN, 21 diabetic controls, and 21 healthy controls) were examined while walking up and down a custom-built staircase. The speed of strength generation at the ankle and knee and muscle activation patterns of the ankle and knee extensor muscles were analyzed.

RESULTS
Patients with neuropathy displayed significantly slower ankle and knee strength generation than healthy controls during stair ascent and descent (P &lt; 0.05). During ascent, the ankle and knee extensor muscles were activated significantly later by patients with neuropathy and took longer to reach peak activation (P &lt; 0.05). During descent, neuropathic patients activated the ankle extensors significantly earlier, and the ankle and knee extensors took significantly longer to reach peak activation (P &lt; 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
Patients with DPN are slower at generating strength at the ankle and knee than control participants during walking up and down stairs. These changes, which are likely caused by altered activations of the extensor muscles, increase the likelihood of instability and may be important contributory factors for the increased risk of falling. Resistance exercise training may be a potential clinical intervention for improving these aspects and thereby potentially reducing fall risk.
A Poisson-Boltzmann Equation Test Model for Protein in Spherical Solute Region and its Applications
Authors: Xie Dexuan , Jiang Yi , Ying Jinyong 
Published: October 2014

Abstract The Poisson-Boltzmann equation (PBE) is one important implicit solvent continuum model for calculating electrostatics of protein in ionic solvent. Several numerical algorithms and program packages have been developed but verification and comparison between them remains an interesting topic. In this paper, a PBE test model is presented for a protein in a spherical solute region, along with its analytical solution. It is then used to verify a PBE finite element solver and applied to a numerical comparison study between a finite element solver and a finite difference solver. Such a study demonstrates the importance of retaining the interface conditions in the development of PBE solvers.