bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Functional Outcome After Early vs. Late Stoma Closure in Rectal Cancer Surgery: Sub-analysis of the Multicenter FORCE Trial
Authors: Meyer V. M. , Bosch N. , van der Heijden J. A. G. , Kalkdijk-Dijkstra A. J. , Pierie J. P. E. N. , Beets G. L. , Broens P. M. A. , Klarenbeek B. R. , van Westreenen H. L. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of early stoma closure on bowel function after low anterior resection (LAR) for rectal cancer.

Methods
Patients participating in the FORCE trial who underwent LAR with protective stoma were included in this study. Patients were subdivided into an early closure group (< 3 months) and late closure group (> 3 months). Endpoints of this study were the Wexner Incontinence, low anterior resection syndrome (LARS), EORTC QLQ-CR29, and fecal incontinence quality of life (FIQL) scores at 1 year.

Results
Between 2017 and 2020, 38 patients had received a diverting stoma after LAR for rectal cancer and could be included. There was no significant difference in LARS (31 vs. 30, p = 0.63) and Wexner score (6.2 vs. 5.8, p = 0.77) between the early and late closure groups. Time to stoma closure in days was not a predictor for LARS (R2 = 0.001, F (1,36) = 0.049, p = 0.83) or Wexner score (R2 = 0.008, F (1,36) = 0.287, p = 0.60) after restored continuity. There was no significant difference between any of the FIQL domains of lifestyle, coping, depression, and embarrassment. In the EORTC QLQ-29, body image scored higher in the late closure group (21.3 vs. 1.6, p = 0.004).

Conclusion
Timing of stoma closure does not appear to affect long-term bowel function and quality of life, except for body image. To improve functional outcome, attention should be focused on other contributing factors.
Preliminary developmental challenges of children at risk for specific learning disabilities: Insights from parents and teachers—a qualitative study
Authors: İzoğlu-Tok Aslı , Doğan Özcan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study aims to uncover the preliminary developmental challenges experienced by children from infancy to their primary school years, who are subsequently diagnosed with specific learning disabilities during their primary education. The ultimate goal is to develop an item pool to identify early symptoms of specific learning disabilities. This qualitative descriptive design study employed semi-structured interviews with 20 participants, comprising both parents and teachers of 10 children aged 8–11. The interviews lasted between 45 and 60 min. To ensure the research's quality and reliability, we applied evaluation criteria and performed six-stage thematic analysis framework. The results indicate that children experienced developmental difficulties from infancy to preschool period that impacted their social-emotional development, language and communication, motor and self-care skills, as well as their perception, memory, attention, and self-regulation capabilities. These challenges were exacerbated during the school years by motivation-related issues. Parental observations primarily highlighted difficulties in language and communication, such as pronunciation, initiating conversations, and speech, during the first three years of life. Significant issues in social-emotional development included introversion, a need for physical contact, challenges in maintaining relationships, and adherence to rules. These challenges emerged during the first three years of children and progressively worsened across all developmental domains. This study contributes valuable insights into the literature by providing past observations from parents and teachers, thus enhancing understanding of the preliminary developmental challenges faced by children at risk of specific learning disabilities.
The roles of intolerance of uncertainty and mindfulness in psychological distress: a two-wave longitudinal study
Authors: Altan-Atalay Ayse , Abdulcebbar Amal , Kantarcı Laçin , Yılmaz Ertürk 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntolerance of uncertainty (IU) is a vulnerability factor that is believed to play a significant role in the development and maintenance of many affective disorders. Previous research indicated that the strength of the association between IU and psychological distress tend to change depending on certain trait characteristics. Therefore, the current study aimed to examine whether the interaction between IU and mindfulness will prospectively predict anxiety and depression measured five weeks later. The data were collected from 243 university students (129 female) between ages 18 and 29 at two different time points via questionnaires assessing intolerance of uncertainty, mindfulness, anxiety, and depression at time 1, followed by only measures of anxiety and depression at time 2. The results revealed that higher IU scores were associated with higher levels of depression for the participants who have low levels of mindfulness. A similar pattern was not observed for anxiety. The findings indicated that mindfulness prospectively predicts lower levels of depression only for the individuals who have lower levels of intolerance of uncertainty.
Gender and schooling in Australia
Authors: Gannon Susanne , Higham Leanne , Smith Erika K. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis special issue presents a collection of recent papers drawing on qualitative research in and about schooling in Australia and the ways in which gender-related issues in the broadest sense continue to shape people’s educational experiences. These papers from the present are positioned in relation to the long histories of policy and research attention to gender equity in Australian education. We set the context for work in the present by scanning the past, noting the ambitions, the gaps and the failures of earlier policies, and drawing attention to the quality and volume of research that has previously been undertaken in this area. We explore the current policy vacuum regarding gender to consider some of the pressures and complexities that have led to the erasure or avoidance of gender-related issues. Each of the papers that form this special issue demonstrate—despite different methods, theoretical frameworks, settings and participant cohorts—how stereotypes and limitations circulate in everyday life in schools and beyond them, and how these impact on people. They each explore from a different starting point how gender injustices are perpetuated and produced, in often subtle and nuanced ways that require concerted effort to unpack. They simultaneously offer insights into the critical and creative ways that young people and those around them are reconfiguring gender and seeking more hopeful and more equitable educational experiences and outcomes. Collectively, the papers that form this special issue advocate for policies and practices that embrace the complexities of young people's lives and are oriented towards inclusive and equitable educational environments.
More Than What You Eat: A Review on the Association Between Childhood Maltreatment and Elevated Adult BMI
Authors: Wallace Carmelle , Krugman Richard 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Obesity is an overwhelmingly common medical entity seen in the adult population. A growing body of research demonstrates that there is a significant relationship between child maltreatment and adult obesity.

Recent Findings
Emerging research demonstrates a potential dose–response relationship between various types of child abuse and adulthood BMI. Recent work also explores the potential role of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, and other hormonal mediators such as sex-hormone binding globulin and leptin. There are also studies that suggest factors such as depression and socioeconomic and environmental influences mediate this relationship. Comorbidities that have been reported include cardiovascular and metabolic disease, diabetes, and insulin resistance. Preliminary work also demonstrates potential gender and racial disparities in the effect of abuse on adulthood obesity.

Summary
In this narrative review, we summarize the existing work describing the different child maltreatment types (physical, sexual, emotional, verbal, and child neglect) and their relation to adult obesity, what is known about a potential dose-response relationship, potential mediators and pathophysiology, comorbidities, and preliminary work on gender and racial/ethnic disparities. We review the limited data on interventions that have been studied, and close with a discussion of implications and suggestions for clinicians who treat adult obesity, as well as potential future research directions.
Repurposing metformin as a potential anticancer agent using in silico technique
Authors: Mahfauz Mona , Yuruker Ozel , Kalkan Rasime 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
The focus on repurposing readily available, well-known drugs for new, creative uses has grown recently. One such medication is metformin, a drug commonly used to manage diabetes, which shows a favorable correlation between its use and lower cancer morbidity and death. Numerous investigations and clinical trials have been conducted to evaluate the possible application of metformin as an anticancer medication in light of this conclusion.

Objective
This study used 'pathway/gene-set analysis' Gene2drug, a resource for Gene Ontology (GO), and DepMap to determine whether metformin would be potentially advantageous for treating cancer.

Methods
A total of 1826 tumor cell lines were analyzed using the Drug Sensitivity (Primary Purposing Primary Screening) 19Q4 Tool.

Results
9 genes from 402 genes, SGPL1, CXCR6, ATXN2L, LAMP3, RTN3, BTN2A1, FOXM1, NQO1, and L1TD1 in 1826 cancer cell line showed statistical sensitivity to metformin.

Conclusion
This in-silico study showed the sensitivity of specific cancer cell lines to metformin. Therefore, holding promises for metformin and tumor-targeted treatment strategies. It is recommended, however, to conduct further research into its potential effectiveness and mechanism of action.

Graphical Abstract
Aktuelle Evidenz zu Umfang und gesundheitlichen Auswirkungen von arbeitsbezogenem sedentärem Verhalten
Authors: Engeroff Tobias , Giesche Florian , Fischer Martin , Groneberg David A. 
Published: June 2024

Zusammenfassung
Erkenntnisse zum Umfang und den Auswirkungen sedentären Verhaltens wurden initial aus Befragungen und Bettruhe-Experimenten abgeleitet. Um die Relevanz sedentären Verhaltens als arbeitsplatzbezogenen Risikofaktor zu bestätigen, sind jedoch objektiv und im Längsschnitt erhobene epidemiologische Daten sowie ein experimenteller Nachweis von Pathomechanismen notwendig. Die vorliegende narrative Übersichtsarbeit analysiert die Studienlage zur Epidemiologie sedentären Verhaltens und dem kausalen Zusammenhang mit Risikofaktoren und chronischen Erkrankungen unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Einflusses sitzender Arbeitstätigkeiten. Basis hierfür ist eine Literaturrecherche in englisch- und deutschsprachigen Datenbanken (PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane, Google Scholar). Bezüglich der Dauer sedentären Verhaltens während der Arbeitstätigkeit umspannen die Angaben aus englischsprachigen systematischen Übersichtsarbeiten und deutschsprachigen Beobachtungsstudien eine Dauer von 4–7 h täglich. Experimentelle Studien bestätigen akute positive Effekte der Unterbrechung sedentären Verhaltens auf ausgewählte metabolische Marker. Längsschnittuntersuchungen deuten auf einen Kausalzusammenhang zwischen sedentärem Verhalten und dem Auftreten und Schweregrad von internistischen Erkrankungen (Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen, Diabetes mellitus Typ 2, Krebserkrankungen) hin. Ein Nachweis der Pathomechanismen der langfristigen negativen Effekte sedentären Verhaltens steht weiterhin aus. Wenige Studien analysieren den gesundheitlichen Einfluss sedentärer Arbeitstätigkeit. Zusammenfassend kann ein Zusammenhang sedentären Verhaltens mit dem Risiko für ausgewählte chronische Erkrankungen vermutet werden. Eine objektive Erfassung des Umfangs sedentären Verhaltens in unterschiedlichen Berufsgruppen sowie eine längsschnittliche Analyse des Zusammenhangs mit relevanten gesundheitlichen Kenngrößen sollte Inhalt zukünftiger arbeitsmedizinischer Forschung sein.
Comparative analysis of course prerequisite networks for five Midwestern public institutions
Authors: Yang Bonan , Gharebhaygloo Mahdi , Rondi Hannah Rachel , Hortis Efrosini , Lostalo Emilia Zeledon , Huang Xiaolan , Ercal Gunes 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe present the first formal network analysis of curricular networks for public institutions, focusing around five midwestern universities. As a first such study of public institutions, our analyses are primarily macroscopic in nature, observing patterns in the overall course prerequisite networks (CPNs) and Curriculum Graphs (CGs). An overarching objective is to better understand CPN variability and patterns across different institutions and how these patterns relate to curricular outcomes. In addition to computing well known network centrality measures to capture courses of importance in the CPNs studied, we have also formulated some newer methods with specific relevance to the curricular domains and corresponding graph types at hand. We have discovered that a new graph theoretic measure of node importance which we call reach, based on the well-known concept of reachability, is needed to more accurately express the critical nature of some introductory courses in a university. Another analytical novelty that we introduce and apply to the subject of CPNs is the Longest Paths Induced sub-Graph (LPIG) of the CPN, which yields information on relatively constrained programs and pathways. Finally, we have established a new connection between clustering of the CG and meta-majors at Southern Illinois University Edwardsville (SIUE), providing clusterings of the other public institution CGs as useful heuristics of major groupings as well. This work is borne from collaboration between academic units and academic advising with hopes of practical benefits towards aiding student advising.
Health Practitioner Attitudes to Psychosocial Treatments in ADHD: Impact of Country, Age, Profession, and Beliefs
Authors: Azlan Haffiezhah An-Nadiah , Overton Paul G. , Dommett Eleanor J. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affects around 7% of children/adolescents and 3% of adults. Treatment guidelines propose a combination of pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches. Despite this, research has focused on the use of medication, including how this varies between countries, with differences found between high-income countries (HIC) and low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Studies have also identified that the role of practitioners is critical with their clinical ambivalence around ADHD impacting treatment. The present study aimed to examine the views of practitioners towards psychosocial treatments for ADHD in the UK (HIC) and Malaysia (LMIC).

Methods
Data was collected from health practitioners in the UK and Malaysia using an online survey to assess (i) demographics and employment characteristics, (ii) practitioners’ attitudes to psychosocial treatments for ADHD, and (iii) practitioners’ beliefs about ADHD.

Results
Respondents in Malaysia held more positive attitudes towards psychosocial interventions, despite having similar beliefs about the condition. Furthermore, attitude to psychosocial interventions was predicted by age of the practitioner, their qualification, and belief in ADHD as a real condition with biological markers.

Conclusions
This study has revealed some cross-cultural differences in attitudes towards non-pharmacological treatment for ADHD and provides a starting point for future research to move beyond examination of decision-making for pharmacological treatments only.
Are Disaster Impact Estimates Distorted by Errors in Popular Night-Time Lights Data?
Authors: Gibson John , Jiang Yi , Zhang Xiaoxuan , Boe-Gibson Geua 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSatellite-detected night lights data are widely used to evaluate economic impacts of disasters. Growing evidence from elsewhere in applied economics suggests that impact estimates are potentially distorted when popular Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) night lights data are used. The low resolution DMSP sensor provides blurred and top-coded images compared to those from the newer and more precise Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) images. Despite this, some disaster impact studies continue to use DMSP data, which have also been given a new lease of life through the use of harmonized series linking DMSP and VIIRS data to provide a longer sample. We examine whether use of DMSP data affects evaluations, using expected typhoon damages in the Philippines from 2012–19 as our case study. With DMSP data, negative impacts on economic activity from expected damages at the municipality level appear over 50% larger than when the VIIRS data are used. The DMSP data give the appearance of greater spatial autocorrelation in luminosity and through this channel may tend to spread apparent spatial impacts of shocks. Harmonized data that adjust VIIRS images to be like the DMSP data also have this spurious autocorrelation so researchers should be cautious in using these data for disaster assessments.
Variational Model with Nonstandard Growth Condition in Image Restoration and Contrast Enhancement
Authors: D’Apice Ciro , Kogut Peter I. , Manzo Rosanna , Parisi Antonino 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe propose a new variational model in Sobolev-Orlicz spaces with non-standard growth conditions of the objective functional and discuss its applications to the simultaneous contrast enhancement and denoising of color images. The characteristic feature of the proposed model is that we deal with a constrained non-convex minimization problem that lives in variable Sobolev-Orlicz spaces where the variable exponent is unknown a priori and it depends on a particular function that belongs to the domain of the objective functional. In contrast to the standard approach, we do not apply any spatial regularization to the image gradient. We discuss the consistency of the variational model, give the scheme for its regularization, derive the corresponding optimality system, and propose an iterative algorithm for practical implementations.
Matrine-loaded self-adhesive swelling microneedle for inflammation regulation to improve eczema treatment
Authors: Shen Jiale , Wang Jiarui , Wu Meng , Shi Yan , Lee Minhyeock , Wang Zhiguo , Kong Ming 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEczema is a common chronic dermatological disease. Conventional treatments exhibit limited efficacy due to fast drug release resulting in short-term relief. Development of a new treatment strategy that enables sustained drug release and long-term maintenance on the skin surface is necessary. A self-adhesive swelling microneedle patch (SDSMNs) was designed and constructed using a two-step casting method. The adhesive substrate was prepared by blending gelatin and dopamine via oxidation of NaIO4, so it could adhere onto the skin surface as well as withstand repeated bending movement without detachment. The swelling needles were fabricated using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), which could swell by absorbing interstitial fluid and release the drug in a controlled manner. SDSMNs also showed desirable antibacterial activities toward E. coli and S. aureus. The adhesive microneedles loaded with matrine (MAT-SDSMNs), an anti-inflammatory Chinese medicine, dramatically relieved eczema symptoms through IL-17 mediated inflammation responses. The use of MAT-SDSMNs significantly decreased the infiltration of inflammation cells and level of inflammatory cytokines, reduced the skin thickness, and increased collagen deposition fraction compared with conventional ointment or subcutaneous injection. The results suggested that MAT-SDSMNs can improve eczema treatment by regulating the local inflammatory microenvironment, providing a simple, self-administered sustainable strategy for eczema treatment.
A gluten-free button mushroom based antioxidant-rich noodles as a vehicle for in vivo delivery of L-tryptophan, serotonin and melatonin
Authors: Tamili Dipshikha , Chakraborty Mainak , Chakraborty Tania , Bhattacharjee Paramita 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAn antioxidant-rich mushroom noodles (gluten-free) rich in L-tryptophan-serotonin-melatonin (TSM) was developed under minimal processing condition(s) without perturbing the natural antioxidant synergy. In vitro release kinetics studies in a standard dissolution apparatus confirmed substantial releases of the target biomolecules from the designer noodles in simulated salivary buffer (SSB), simulated gastric buffer (SGB), simulated intestinal buffer (SIB) and simulated rectal buffer (SRB). Post model fitting, it was evident that L-tryptophan and serotonin followed zero order release kinetics in SSB; while melatonin followed first order release kinetics in SSB and SRB, respectively. However, all the three biomolecules followed Korsmeyer’s- Peppas model kinetics in SGB and SIB; L-tryptophan and serotonin also followed the same release kinetics model in SRB. The in vivo bioavailabilities of these molecules were ascertained through feeding trials (of mushroom noodles) in male Sprague Dawley rats. An enhancement of ~ 95%, 20% and 44% of L-tryptophan, serotonin and melatonin, respectively, occurred in rat blood serum after 30 min of consumption of the designer noodles and decreased 50 min onwards. However, the natural trends of increase and decrease in serum serotonin and melatonin concentrations during different time of the day remained unaltered. These bioavailable molecules also increased insulin sensitivity in the liver and glucose uptake in the brain, as revealed by iHOMA2 prediction modelling. The findings of these investigations have the potential to inform this designer noodles to be a truly antioxidant-rich functional food product which holds promise in providing molecular nutrition, especially for populations with serotonin-melatonin deficiency.
International Newborn Screening: Where Are We in Saudi Arabia?
Authors: Alhusseini Noara , Almuhanna Yara , Alabduljabbar Lama , Alamri Soaad , Altayeb Maryam , Askar Ghadi , Alsaadoun Noor , Ateq Khadijah , AlEissa Mariam M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNewborn screening (NBS) programs are believed to play an important role in the decrease of infant mortality rates in many countries. This is achieved through offering early detection and treatment of many genetic as well as metabolic disorders prior to the onset of symptoms. Our paper examines NBS across seven diverse nations: Saudi Arabia, the United States, Japan, Singapore, Canada, Australia, and the United Kingdom. This paper discusses the diseases screened for by each country, latest additions, as well as future recommendations, when applicable. Employing a comparative approach, we conducted a comprehensive review of the most recent published literature on NBS programs in each country and subsequently examined their latest implemented NBS guidelines as outlined on their respective official government health sector websites. We then reviewed the economic feasibility of each of these programs and factors that affect implementation and overall benefit. While all six countries employ well-developed programs, variations are observed. Those variations are mainly attributed to disparities in access, resource scarcity, financial availability, as well as ethical and cultural considerations. From a local perspective, we recommend conducting further population-based studies to assess the epidemiological data in relation to the disease burden on the country’s economy. Moreover, we recommend updating national and international guidelines to contain a more comprehensive approach on policies, operation, and sustainability to deliver a service through the lens of value-based healthcare.