bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of the global occurrence of maize diseases and estimation of yield loss under climate change
Authors: Ma Zihui , Wang Wenbao , Chen Xuanjing , Gehman Katrina , Yang Hua , Yang Yuheng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDClimate change significantly impacts global maize production via yield reduction, posing a threat to global food security. Disease‐related crop damage reduces quality and yield and results in economic losses. However, the occurrence of diseases caused by climate change, and thus crop yield loss, has not been given much attention.RESULTSThis study aims to investigate the potential impact of six major diseases on maize yield loss over the next 20 to 80 years under climate change. To this end, the Maximum Entropy model was implemented, based on Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6 data. The results indicated that temperature and precipitation are identified as primary limiting factors for disease onset. Southern corn rust was projected to be the most severe disease in the future; with a few of the combined occurrence of all the selected diseases covered in this study were predicted to progressively worsen over time. Yield losses caused by diseases varied per continent, with North America facing the highest loss, followed by Asia, South America, Europe, Africa, and Oceania.CONCLUSIONThis study provides a basis for regional projections and global control of maize diseases under future climate conditions. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Output‐based enhanced closed‐loop model reference adaptive control and its application to direct yaw moment control
Authors: Montanaro Umberto , Chen Chen , Rizzo Alessandro , Sorniotti Aldo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe enhanced model reference adaptive control (EMRAC) algorithm is an effective full‐state adaptive solution to control plants affected by nonlinear unmodelled dynamics and persistent disturbances. The EMRAC strategy improves the tracking performance by equipping the MRAC algorithm with adaptive switching and adaptive integral control actions. However, the need for the plant state prevents the applicability of the EMRAC algorithm to engineering control problems where only the plant output is measurable. To cover this gap and extend the range of plants controllable by EMRAC solutions, this article presents an output‐based EMRAC algorithm leveraging the closed‐loop (CL) MRAC formulation. The robustness of the closed‐loop control system is analytically analysed, not only with respect to plant parameter uncertainties and square measurable disturbances, but also to unmodelled terms and disturbances. The ultimate boundedness of the closed‐loop control system is assessed with respect to unknown nonlinear terms and disturbances, by using Lyapunov theory for Filippov systems, as the adaptive switching control action makes the closed‐loop system discontinuous. To assess the effectiveness of the CL‐EMRAC strategy to impose reference trajectories despite the unmodelled plant dynamics and persistent bounded disturbances, the problem of vehicles' direct yaw moment control is used as an engineering case study. The closed‐loop tracking performance is also quantitatively evaluated through a set of key performance indicators and compared to those provided by four benchmark controllers, that is, two LQ‐based strategies and two MRAC‐based control solutions. The CL‐EMRAC and benchmark controllers are implemented and tested in a co‐simulation environment based on a high‐fidelity IPG CarMaker vehicle model.
Evolution of liver function during immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Pomej Katharina , Balcar Lorenz , Sidali Sabrina , Sartoris Riccardo , Meischl Tobias , Trauner Michael , Mandorfer Mattias , Reiberger Thomas , Ronot Maxime , Bouattour Mohamed , Pinter Matthias , Scheiner Bernhard 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsDeterioration of liver function is a leading cause of death in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We evaluated the impact of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)‐treatment on liver function and outcomes.MethodHCC patients receiving ICIs or sorafenib between 04/2003 and 05/2024 were included. Liver function (assessed by Child‐Pugh score [CPS]) was evaluated at the start of ICI‐treatment (baseline, BL) and 3 and 6 months thereafter. A ≥1 point change in CPS was defined as deterioration (−) or improvement (+), while equal CPS points were defined as stable (=).ResultsOverall, 182 ICI‐treated patients (66.8 ± 11.8 years; cirrhosis: n = 134, 74%) were included. At BL, median CPS was 5 (IQR: 5–6; CPS‐A: 147, 81%). After 3 months, liver function improved/stabilized in 102 (56%) and deteriorated in 61 (34%) patients, while 19 (10%) patients deceased/had missing follow‐up (d/noFU). Comparable results were observed at 6 months (+/=: n = 82, 45%; −: n = 55, 30%; d/noFU: n = 45, 25%). In contrast, 54 (34%) and 33 (21%) out of 160 sorafenib patients achieved improvement/stabilization at 3 and 6 months, respectively. Radiological response was linked to CPS improvement/stabilization at 6 months (responders vs. non‐responders, 73% vs. 50%; p = 0.007). CPS improvement/stabilization at 6 months was associated with better overall survival following landmark analysis (6 months: +/=: 28.4 [95% CI: 18.7–38.1] versus −: 14.2 [95% CI: 10.3–18.2] months; p < 0.001). Of 35 ICI‐patients with CPS‐B at BL, improvement/stabilization occurred in 16 (46%) patients, while 19 (54%) patients deteriorated/d/noFU at 3 months. Comparable results were observed at 6 months (CPS +/=: 14, 40%, −: 8, 23%). Importantly, 6/35 (17%) and 9/35 (26%) patients improved from CPS‐B to CPS‐A at 3 and 6 months.ConclusionRadiological response to ICI‐treatment was associated with stabilization or improvement in liver function, which correlated with improved survival, even in patients with Child‐Pugh class B at baseline.
Short‐Term Offshore Wind Power Prediction Based on Significant Weather Process Classification and Multitask Learning Considering Neighboring Powers
Authors: Yang Zimin , Peng Xiaosheng , Zhang Xiaobin , Song Jiajiong , Wang Bo , Liu Chun 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTOffshore wind power is an important technology for low‐carbon power grids. To improve the accuracy, a short‐term offshore wind power prediction method based on significant weather process classification and multitask learning considering neighboring powers is presented in this paper. First, a novel weather process classification method, in which the samples are divided into pieces of waves based on extreme points and are quantified with labels of energy level and fluctuation level, is proposed to classify samples into multiple types of significant weather processes for independent modeling. Second, a multitask learning method, in which the power sequences in neighboring offshore wind farms are innovatively introduced as a new input feature, is proposed for modeling wind power prediction for each wind farm inside a neighboring region under each weather process class. Case studies are presented to verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method. Based on this new method, the 4‐h ultra‐short‐term root mean squared error (RMSE), 24‐h day‐ahead RMSE, 4‐h ultra‐short‐term mean absolute error (MAE), and 24‐h day‐ahead MAE can be reduced by 1.45%, 2.1%, 1.15%, and 1.85%, respectively, compared with benchmark methods, which verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Opportunities with VLBI Transmitters on Satellites
Authors: Böhm Johannes , Wolf Helene 
Published: July 2024

AbstractVery Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) transmitters on satellites are considered for future satellites of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) as well as for the upcoming Genesis mission of the European Space Agency (ESA). In both concepts, VLBI observations to VLBI transmitters on the satellites can contribute to orbit determination, with the geometry of observations to Genesis advantageous compared to GNSS. With Galileo as one of the GNSS, we emphasise the importance of VLBI observations for the estimation of the right ascension of the ascending node $$\Omega $$
Ω
, which cannot be determined from GNSS alone. We find that $$\Omega $$
Ω
can be estimated with accuracies better than 50 $$\upmu $$
μ
as from 24 hour sessions with alternate observations to quasars and the Galileo satellite of interest. Station coordinates, on the other hand, can be determined from observations to three Galileo satellites with an accuracy at the centimetre-level or better from 24 hour sessions, again with alternate observations to the satellites and quasars for a better estimation of tropospheric parameters. Station coordinate results with VLBI observations to VLBI transmitters on satellites form the basis for frame tie and local tie determination. The transfer of space ties to local ties on the ground is of particular relevance for Genesis.
Practical Considerations of VLBI Observations to the GENESIS Mission
Authors: Schunck David , McCallum Lucia , Molera Calvés Guifré 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWith the GENESIS proposal accepted, this study reevaluates the implementability of incorporating VLBI observations of satellites into geodetic VLBI experiments. Observations of NavIC system satellites were carried out using the 12-m AuScope radio telescopes in Hobart and Katherine. The primary focus is on scrutinizing the necessary efforts within the VLBI community aimed at effectively supporting the GENESIS satellite mission. Our investigation identifies limitations in the existing processing pipelines, particularly in the generation of station-specific procedure and local control files, as well as in satellite tracking support within the antenna control units, resulting in step-wise tracking rather than continuous tracking. Additionally, we have conducted an analysis to ascertain the effective visibility of the GENESIS satellite within both current and future VLBI networks. Our findings align with the envisioned visibility criteria of GENESIS when more VGOS-type stations are integrated into the current network. In this case, the satellite becomes visible from at least two stations with long baselines for approximately 75.6% of the time during experiments and 21.5% of the time in a year.
The Nordic Municipal CEO
Authors: Hansen Morten Balle , Torjesen Dag Olaf , Torsteinsen Harald 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis book analyses the municipal chief executive officer (MCEO) of Nordic municipalities. The Nordic countries operate a distinct model of local government in the context of the welfare state. As there are some variations among the countries, it is important to analyse this model in comparative perspective. In the Nordic countries, the post-war expansion of the welfare state took place primarily in local government, which became the main provider of welfare services and one of the largest employers in these countries. In this chapter, we present the rationale for the book, the Nordic municipal context in which the MCEO works, our research questions, and basic theoretical approaches. Finally, we briefly present the research design, methodologies, and outline of the book.
Entanglement Renormalization for Quantum Field Theories with Discrete Wavelet Transforms
Authors: Alves Daniele S. M. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We propose an adaptation of Entanglement Renormalization for quantum field theories that, through the use of discrete wavelet transforms, strongly parallels the tensor network architecture of the Multiscale Entanglement Renormalization Ansatz (a.k.a. MERA). Our approach, called wMERA, has several advantages of over previous attempts to adapt MERA to continuum systems. In particular, (i) wMERA is formulated directly in position space, hence preserving the quasi-locality and sparsity of entanglers; and (ii) it enables a built-in RG flow in the implementation of real-time evolution and in computations of correlation functions, which is key for efficient numerical implementations. As examples, we describe in detail two concrete implementations of our wMERA algorithm for free scalar and fermionic theories in (1+1) spacetime dimensions. Possible avenues for constructing wMERAs for interacting field theories are also discussed.
Flux quantization on 11-dimensional superspace
Authors: Giotopoulos Grigorios , Sati Hisham , Schreiber Urs 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Flux quantization of the C-field in 11d supergravity is arguably necessary for the (UV-)completion of the theory, in that it determines the torsion charges carried by small numbers N ≪ ∞ of M-branes. However, hypotheses about C-field flux-quantization (“models of the C-field”) have previously been discussed only in the bosonic sector of 11d supergravity and ignoring the supergravity equations of motion. Here we highlight a duality-symmetric formulation of on-shell 11d supergravity on superspace, observe that this naturally lends itself to completion of the theory by flux quantization, and indeed that 11d super-spacetimes are put on-shell by carrying quantizable duality-symmetric super-C-field flux; the proof of which we present in detail.
Gravitational duals from equations of state
Authors: Bea Yago , Jimenez Raul , Mateos David , Liu Shuheng , Protopapas Pavlos , Tarancón-Álvarez Pedro , Tejerina-Pérez Pablo 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Holography relates gravitational theories in five dimensions to four-dimensional quantum field theories in flat space. Under this map, the equation of state of the field theory is encoded in the black hole solutions of the gravitational theory. Solving the five-dimensional Einstein’s equations to determine the equation of state is an algorithmic, direct problem. Determining the gravitational theory that gives rise to a prescribed equation of state is a much more challenging, inverse problem. We present a novel approach to solve this problem based on physics-informed neural networks. The resulting algorithm is not only data-driven but also informed by the physics of the Einstein’s equations. We successfully apply it to theories with crossovers, first- and second-order phase transitions.
Holographic thermal entropy from geodesic bit threads
Authors: Caggioli Stefania , Gentile Francesco , Seminara Domenico , Tonni Erik 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The holographic bit threads are an insightful tool to investigate the holographic entanglement entropy and other quantities related to the bipartite entanglement in AdS/CFT. We mainly explore the geodesic bit threads in various static backgrounds, for the bipartitions characterized by either a sphere or an infinite strip. In pure AdS and for the sphere, the geodesic bit threads provide a gravitational dual of the map implementing the geometric action of the modular conjugation in the dual CFT. In Schwarzschild AdS black brane and for the sphere, our numerical analysis shows that the flux of the geodesic bit threads through the horizon gives the holographic thermal entropy of the sphere. This feature is not observed when the subsystem is an infinite strip, whenever we can construct the corresponding bit threads. The bit threads are also determined by the global structure of the gravitational background; indeed, for instance, we show that the geodesic bit threads of an arc in the BTZ black hole cannot be constructed.
Complete NLO corrections to top-quark pair production with isolated photons
Authors: Stremmer Daniel , Worek Malgorzata 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We compute for the first time the so-called complete NLO corrections to top-quark pair production with one and two isolated photons in the di-lepton top-quark decay channel. The Narrow Width Approximation is used for the modeling of unstable top quarks and W bosons. Higher-order QCD and EW effects as well as photon bremsstrahlung are consistently included at all stages: in production and top-quark decays. We present results at the integrated and differential fiducial cross-section level for both processes for the LHC Run II center-of-mass energy of $$ \sqrt{s} $$

s

= 13 TeV. In addition, we investigate the scale choice in photonic observables. Finally, the individual size of each subleading contribution is discussed in detail and the origin of the main subleading corrections is scrutinised. For the latter case, alternative calculations are performed in which the subleading NLO corrections are included only in the production of $$ t\overline{t}\gamma $$
t

t
¯

γ
and $$ t\overline{t}\gamma \gamma $$
t

t
¯

γγ
.
Probing earth-bound dark matter with nuclear reactors
Authors: Ema Yohei , Pospelov Maxim , Ray Anupam 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Strongly-interacting dark matter can be accumulated in large quantities inside the Earth, and for dark matter particles in a few GeV mass range, it can exist in large quantities near the Earth’s surface. We investigate the constraints imposed on such dark matter properties by its upscattering by fast neutrons in nuclear reactors with subsequent scattering in nearby well-shielded dark matter detectors, schemes which are already used for searches of the coherent reactor neutrino scattering. We find that the existing experiments cover new parameter space on the spin-dependent interaction between dark matter and the nucleon. Similar experiments performed with research reactors, and lesser amount of shielding, may provide additional sensitivity to strongly-interacting dark matter.
Dense QCD2 with matrix product states
Authors: Hayata Tomoya , Hidaka Yoshimasa , Nishimura Kentaro 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We study one-flavor SU(2) and SU(3) lattice QCD in (1 + 1) dimensions at zero temperature and finite density using matrix product states and the density matrix renormalization group. We compute physical observables such as the equation of state, chiral condensate, and quark distribution function as functions of the baryon number density. As a physical implication, we discuss the inhomogeneous phase at nonzero baryon density, where the chiral condensate is inhomogeneous, and baryons form a crystal. We also discuss how the dynamical degrees of freedom change from hadrons to quarks through the formation of quark Fermi seas.
The neutrino force in neutrino backgrounds: Spin dependence and parity-violating effects
Authors: Ghosh Mitrajyoti , Grossman Yuval , Tangarife Walter , Xu Xun-Jie , Yu Bingrong 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The neutrino force results from the exchange of a pair of neutrinos. A neutrino background can significantly influence this force. In this work, we present a comprehensive calculation of the neutrino force in various neutrino backgrounds with spin dependence taken into account. In particular, we calculate the spin-independent and spin-dependent parity-conserving neutrino forces, in addition to the spin-dependent parity-violating neutrino forces with and without the presence of a neutrino background for both isotropic and anisotropic backgrounds. Compared with the vacuum case, the neutrino background can effectively violate Lorentz invariance and lead to additional parity-violating terms that are not suppressed by the velocity of external particles. We estimate the magnitude of the effect of atomic parity-violation experiments, and it turns out to be well below the current experimental sensitivity.
The undeclared use of third-party service providers in academic publishing is unethical: an epistemic reflection and scoping review
Authors: Teixeira da Silva Jaime A. , Daly Timothy , Türp Jens C. , Sabel Bernhard A. , Kendall Graham 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThere is a substantial body of scientific literature on the use of third-party services (TPS) by academics to assist as “publication consultants” in scholarly publishing. TPS provide a wide range of scholarly services to research teams that lack the equipment, skills, motivation, or time to produce a paper without external assistance. While services such as language editing, statistical support, or graphic design are common and often legitimate, some TPS also provide illegitimate services and send unsolicited e-mails (spam) to academics offering these services. Such illegitimate types of TPS have the potential to threaten the integrity of the peer-reviewed scientific literature. In extreme cases, for-profit agencies known as “paper mills” even offer fake scientific publications or authorship slots for sale. The use of such illegitimate services as well as the failure to acknowledge their use is an ethical violation in academic publishing, while the failure to declare support for a TPS can be considered a form of contract fraud. We discuss some literature on TPS, highlight services currently offered by ten of the largest commercial publishers and expect authors to be transparent about the use of these services in their publications. From an ethical/moral (i.e., non-commercial) point of view, it is the responsibility of editors, journals, and publishers, and it should be in their best interest to ensure that illegitimate TPS are identified and prohibited, while publisher-employed TPS should be properly disclosed in their publications.
Celecoxib inhibits NLRP1 inflammasome pathway in MDA-MB-231 Cells
Authors: Arzuk Ege , Birim Derviş , Armağan Güliz 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNLRP1 is predominantly overexpressed in breast cancer tissue, and the evaluated activation of NLRP1 inflammasome is associated with tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Therefore, targeting NLRP1 activation could be a crucial strategy in anticancer therapy. In this study, we investigated the hypothesis that NLRP1 pathway may contribute to the cytotoxic effects of celecoxib and nimesulide in MDA-MB-231 cells. First of all, IC50 values and inhibitory effects on the colony-forming ability of drugs were evaluated in cells. Then, the alterations in the expression levels of NLRP1 inflammasome components induced by drugs were investigated. Subsequently, the release of inflammatory cytokine IL-1β and the activity of caspase-1 in drug-treated cells were measured. According to our results, celecoxib and nimesulide selectively inhibited the viability of MDA-MB-231 cells. These drugs remarkably inhibited the colony-forming ability of cells. The expression levels of NLRP1 inflammasome components decreased in celecoxib-treated cells, accompanied by decreased caspase-1 activity and IL-1β release. In contrast, nimesulide treatment led to the upregulation of the related protein expressions with unchanged caspase-1 activity and increased IL-1β secretion. Our results indicated that the NLRP1 inflammasome pathway might contribute to the antiproliferative effects of celecoxib in MDA-MB-231 cells but is not a crucial mechanism for nimesulide.