bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ocular Thrombosis after Stent-Assisted Coiling of a C7 (Paraclinoid) Internal Carotid Artery Aneurysm
Authors: Namba Katsunari , Higaki Ayuho , Nemoto Shigeru 
Published: April 2014

Stent-assisted coiling of paraclinoid aneurysms is widely performed in neurointerventional surgery. The most common adverse event related to this procedure is cerebral thromboembolism. However, reports on ocular thromboembolism are scarce. We report our experience with two patients who developed ocular thromboembolism following Enterprise stent-assisted coiling of paraclinoid aneurysms. We then review the available literature for the possible pathomechanism of ocular thrombosis. Ocular thromboembolism may be a risk of stent-assisted coiling when the stent traverses the orifice of the ophthalmic artery or the stent is placed in the C3 internal carotid artery. Further study is needed to clarify how to avoid this disabling complication.
Multiple Intracranial Aneurysms: Endovascular Treatment and Complications
Authors: Shen Xun , Xu Tao , Ding Xuan , Wang Wenlei , Liu Zhi , Qin Huaihai 
Published: April 2014

This study evaluated the results of endovascular embolization of multiple intracranial aneurysms. A retrospective hospital chart and radiograph review were made of all patients with multiple intracranial aneurysms seen between March 2010 and January 2011. Ten patients presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage, four with mass effect, two with brain ischemia and twenty were incidental. These 36 patients harbored 84 aneurysms, 63 of which were treated with endovascular techniques, two by surgical clipping, and 19 were left untreated. Of the coil-treated lesions, a complete endovascular occlusion was achieved in 54 aneurysms (85.7%), and eight (12.7%) presented neck remnants with one (1.6%) stented only. Twenty-six patients (72.2%) underwent coil embolization of more than one aneurysm in the first session. Follow-up angiographic studies in 31 patients demonstrated an unchanged or improved result in 93.0% of the aneurysms (53 lesions) and coil compaction in 7.0% (four lesions). The overall clinical outcome was excellent in 33 patients (91.7%), good in one (2.8%) and fair in two (5.5%). Endovascular techniques may be a particularly suitable method for treating multiple intracranial aneurysms.
Effect of Body Habitus on Radiation Dose during CT Fluoroscopy-Guided Spine Injections
Authors: Viola Ronald J. , Nguyen Giao B. , Yoshizumi Terry T. , Stinnett Sandra S. , Hoang Jenny K. , Kranz Peter G. 
Published: April 2014

This study investigated the degree to which body habitus influences radiation dose during CT fluoroscopy (CTF)-guided lumbar epidural steroid injections (ESI). An anthropomorphic phantom containing metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) detectors was scanned at two transverse levels to simulate upper and lower lumbar CTF-guided ESI. Circumferential layers of adipose-equivalent material were sequentially added to model patients of three sizes: small (cross-sectional dimensions 25×30 cm), average (34×39 cm), and oversize (43×48 cm). Point dose rates to skin and internal organs within the CTF beam were measured. Scattered point dose rates 5 cm from the radiation beam were also measured. Direct point dose rates to the internal organs ranged from 0.05–0.11 mGy/10mAs in the oversized phantom, and from 0.18–0.43 mGy/10mAs in the small phantom. Skin direct point dose rates ranged from 0.69–0.71 mGy/10mAs in the oversized phantom and 0.88–0.94 mGy/10mAs in the small phantom. This represents a 180–310% increase in organ point dose rates and 24–36% increase in skin point dose rates in the small habitus compared with the oversize habitus. Scatter point dose rates increased by 83–117% for the small compared to the oversize phantom. Decreasing body habitus results in substantial increases in direct organ and skin point doses as well as scattered dose during simulated CTF-guided procedures. Failure to account for individual variations in body habitus will result in inaccurate dose estimation and inappropriate choice of tube current in CTF-guided procedures.
A Nutritional Conditional Lethal Mutant Due to Pyridoxine 5′-Phosphate Oxidase Deficiency inDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Chi Wanhao , Zhang Li , Du Wei , Zhuang Xiaoxi 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe concept of auxotrophic complementation has been proposed as an approach to identify genes in essential metabolic pathways in Drosophila melanogaster. However, it has achieved limited success to date, possibly due to the low probability of finding mutations fit with the chemically defined profile. Instead of using the chemically defined culture media lacking specific nutrients, we used bare minimum culture medium, i.e., 4% sucrose, for adult Drosophila. We identified a nutritional conditional lethal mutant and localized a c.95C &gt; A mutation in the Drosophila pyridoxine 5′-phosphate oxidase gene [dPNPO or sugarlethal (sgll)] using meiotic recombination mapping, deficiency mapping, and whole genome sequencing. PNPO converts dietary vitamin B6 such as pyridoxine to its active form pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP). The missense mutation (sgll95) results in the substitution of alanine to aspartate (p.Ala32Asp). The sgll95 flies survive well on complete medium but all die within 6 d on 4% sucrose only diet, which can be rescued by pyridoxine or PLP supplement, suggesting that the mutation does not cause the complete loss of PNPO activity. The sgll knockdown further confirms its function as the Drosophila PNPO. Because better tools for positional cloning and cheaper whole genome sequencing have made the identification of point mutations much easier than before, alleviating the necessity to pinpoint specific metabolic pathways before gene identification, we propose that nutritional conditional screens based on bare minimum growth media like ours represent promising approaches for discovering important genes and mutations in metabolic pathways, thereby accelerating the establishment of in vivo models that recapitulate human metabolic diseases.
Body height and its estimation utilizing arm span measurements in population of Birgunj Area of Nepal: An Anthropometric study
Authors: Sah RP , Kumar A , Bhaskar RK 
Published: April 2014

Background Arm span is the most reliable anthropometric measurement to predict the stature of an individual. Age and sex have to be taken into account to the best to predict height from arm span. It is useful in predicting age related loss in stature and in identifying individuals with disproportionate growth abnormalities and skeletal dysplasia. Objective The present study was under taken to measure the stature as well as arm span and to determine whether there is any correlation between the stature and the arm span Method This cross sectional type of descriptive study was carried out with a total number of 400 Nepalese adult population consisting of 225 Nepalese male adults and 175 female adults aged between 25 to 45 years. Stature and arm span were measured directly from the subjects by using anthropometric technique by a measuring tape. The data taken were statistically analyzed by computation to find out its normative value. The relationship between body height and arm span were determined using simple correlation coefficients. Then a linear regression analysis was performed to examine the extent to which arm span can readily predict body height Results The results have shown male of Birgunj are 167.39± 6.170 cm tall and have arm span of 168.01±7.659 cm, while female of Birgunj are 155.61±6.894 cm and have arm span of 159.25±6..362cm. The results obtained are substantially alike in other populations, since arm span was too close to body heights in male and greater in female. Conclusion The body height and arm span correlates well in males but not in females. This confirms the necessity for developing separate height models for each population and different sex. Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal, 2013, Vol-9, No-4, 9-13 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v9i4.10231
A comparative study of efficacy of epidural versus interpleural bupivacaine for post operative analgesia after open cholecystectomy
Authors: Yadav RK , Majhi PC 
Published: April 2014

Background The conventional methods of administering the prescribed doses of intramuscular or intravenous analgesics at fixed time intervals results in widely fluctuating and inadequate plasma level leads to poor post operative pain relief. Despite all advances made in the field of medicine, this symptom called “Pain” has not been combated well. Objective The present study was carried out to compare the efficacy of epidural verses interpleural administration of bupivacaine(0.5%) with adrenaline for post operative pain relieve in patients undergoing open cholecystectomy. Methods We prospectively randomized and compared the post operative pain relieve with the reference of visual analog score (VAS) in patients undergoing elective open cholecystectomy in college of medical sciences-teaching hospital, Bharatpur, Chitwan. Forty adult patients undergoing elective cholecystectomy were divided into two groups. Twenty patients in each group were subjected to a different technique of post-operative analgesia, namely thoracic epidural and interpleural instillation of 0.5% bupivacaine. These two groups were then compared in relation to changes produced in the pain scores, vital parameters and complication and side effects associated with the two techniques. The study was conducted for 24 hour postoperatively. Observation: Both thoracic epidural and interpleural instillation of 0.5% bupivacaine compared favorably with regard to analgesia in the present study. In general, the pain relief following thoracic epidural was more complete compared to interpleural but this was not clinically significant. Conclusion The present study shows that both the techniques are equally effective in providing analgesia following cholecystectomy. However, neither technique rendered the patients completely pain free at all times during first 24 hours. Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal, 2013, Vol-9, No-4, 15-23 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v9i4.10232
Study of factors affecting contraceptive use among married women of reproductive Age
Authors: Bhandari N , Shrestha GK , Thakuri PC 
Published: April 2014

Background The use of contraception can prevent pregnancies related complication and helps in improving the women’s health and quality of their lives. Objective To explore reproductive characteristics among married women of reproductive age. To find out method of contraceptive use and side effects among married women of reproductive age. To uncover factors related to contraceptive use among married women of reproductive age. Methods This cross-sectional was carried out among (369) married couples of reproductive age group in ward number 5, 6 and 7 of Dhulikhel Municipality using purposive sampling. Those who fell in between the age group of (14-49 years) and willing to participate were included and pregnant women were excluded from the study. Questionnaire was used to obtain informations. Results Among 369(81.3%) of the respondents of reproductive age were using a modern contraceptive method. Regarding education 331(89.5%) of women’s and 352(95.1%) of husbands were literate and 275(91.6%) of women were found to be involved in decision making and had good inter-spousal communication that is 280(93.3%). Among the temporary method of family planning, Depo-Provera was the choice 150(54.5%) of contraceptive method. Conclusion The present study put more emphasis on increase in women’s literacy, women’s involvement in decision making and inter-spousal communication which helps to promote the effective use of contraceptive methods. As women play an important role in the decision making, women should be included in all aspects of reproductive health and family planning programs. Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal, 2013, Vol-9, No-4, 24-29 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v9i4.10233
An endodontic practice profile amongst general dental practitioners in Kathmandu: A questionnaire survey
Authors: Shrestha D , Dahal M , Karki S 
Published: April 2014

Objective To investigate the endodontic practice profile of general dental practitioners. To explore the materials and methods employed by them in Kathmandu valley. To compare these findings with well acknowledged international academic standards. Methods Questionnaires with 18 closed-ended questions were distributed among randomly chosen 120 general dental practitioners of Kathmandu, working in various government or private hospital or clinics.The data were collected and descriptive statistical analysis was done. Results Out of 120 questionnaires, only 110 that were completely filled were included in the study .Most general dental practitioners (97%) regularly did multi-rooted root canal treatments and followed multivisit root canal treatment.. Radiograph with instrument in canal was used by 80% of general dental practitioners to determine the working length while only 36% used electronic apex locator which is considered to be more reliable. Half of them (57%) used nickel-titanium files for cleaning and shaping but only 23% used crown down technique. Sodium hypochlorite and calcium hydroxide was the most popular irrigation solution and intra-canal medicament respectively. Majority of general dental practitioners (91%) used lateral compaction technique for root canal obturation. Sixty three percent used zinc oxide eugenol as root canal sealer and 46% used endomethasone. They seem to overuse antibiotics in cases requiring endodontic therapy. Only 48% used autoclave for sterilization of endodontic files while 86% never used rubber dam. Eight three percent of them felt the need of further endodontic training and 42% of them preferred post-graduate dental program. Conclusion This study shows that the standard guidelines and new technologies for endodontic treatments are not implemented by many general dental practitioners of Kathmandu and require further endodontic trainings. Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal, 2013, Vol-9, No-4, 40-50 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v9i4.10235
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis Following Typhoid Fever: A Case Report
Authors: Adhikari R , Tayal A , Chhetri PK , Pokhrel B 
Published: April 2014

The involvement of central nervous system in children with typhoid fever is common. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis is a rare immune mediated and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that usually affects children. We report a 7-year-old child with typhoid fever who developed acute cerebellar syndrome due to acute disseminated encephalomyelitis.Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal, 2013, Vol-9, No-4, 55-58 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v9i4.10237
Physical and societal statistics for a century of snow-avalanche hazards on Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands (1910–2010)
Authors: Podolskiy Evgeny A. , Izumi Kaoru , Suchkov Vladimir E. , Eckert Nicolas 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe analysis of historical avalanche data is important when developing accurate hazard maps. The record of snow-avalanche disasters on Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands is incomplete, due to the historical division into periods of Japanese and Russian rule. Here we combine and analyze data from Japanese and Russian sources to reconstruct a continuous record of avalanche catastrophes in the region from 1910 to 2010. Despite the relatively small scale of the majority of catastrophic avalanches, with a total vertical drop < 200 m, we document evidence that places the region among the most avalanche-affected areas in the world. In total, 756 fatalities and > 238 injuries have occurred in 275 incidents over a 100 year period (two-thirds of those killed were Japanese). This death toll is higher than that in Canada, New Zealand or Iceland, or non-recreational fatalities in France. A wave of avalanche disasters (1930s–60s) following intense colonization of Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands is evident. Although this ‘wave’ could be considered a local issue of the past, many presently developing countries may face similar situations. The fatality rate has decreased over time, due to social factors, and differs from that of any other region, in its absence of deaths through recreational activities. Although in recent years the fatality rate is lower than that of Iceland or the USA, the per capita avalanche casualty rate on Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands remains among the highest in the world.
From Wasteland to Flower Bed: Ritual in the Website Communication of Urban Activist Gardeners
Authors: Graf Heike 
Published: April 2014

The goal of this article is to explore the website communication of urban activist gardeners by focusing on the concept of ritual as a heuristic category. In contrast to the majority of those doing research on ritual, I use a systems-theoretical approach in applying the concept of ritual to communication processes. I explore the role played by ritual in communication in order to answer questions such as, “What is specifically unique about the ritual mode of communicating?” and, following from this, “What function do these rituals serve in communication?” My subject, urban garden activism, is thus addressed from the perspective of media- and communication research.
First, I briefly describe urban activist gardening and how communication is usually structured on their websites. Second, I present an outline of some theories and concepts of communication and ritual within media studies, and give a brief account of the systems-theoretical approach that I use. Third, I define some areas of ritual – that is, ritualized patterns of communication found in the urban activist gardeners’ empirical material – so as to provide answers regarding the means and function of ritual in communication.
The Nuclear Receptor Nr4a1 Mediates Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Apoptotic Cells
Authors: Ipseiz Natacha , Uderhardt Stefan , Scholtysek Carina , Steffen Martin , Schabbauer Gernot , Bozec Aline , Schett Georg , Krönke Gerhard 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Uptake of apoptotic cells (ACs) by macrophages ensures the nonimmunogenic clearance of dying cells, as well as the maintenance of self-tolerance to AC-derived autoantigens. Upon ingestion, ACs exert an inhibitory influence on the inflammatory signaling within the phagocyte. However, the molecular signals that mediate these immune-modulatory properties of ACs are incompletely understood. In this article, we show that the phagocytosis of apoptotic thymocytes was enhanced in tissue-resident macrophages where this process resulted in the inhibition of NF-κB signaling and repression of inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-12. In parallel, ACs induced a robust expression of a panel of immediate early genes, which included the Nr4a subfamily of nuclear receptors. Notably, deletion of Nr4a1 interfered with the anti-inflammatory effects of ACs in macrophages and restored both NF-κB signaling and IL-12 expression. Accordingly, Nr4a1 mediated the anti-inflammatory properties of ACs in vivo and was required for maintenance of self-tolerance in the murine model of pristane-induced lupus. Thus, our data point toward a key role for Nr4a1 as regulator of the immune response to ACs and of the maintenance of tolerance to “dying self.”
Existence of Conventional Dendritic Cells in Gallus gallus Revealed by Comparative Gene Expression Profiling
Authors: Vu Manh Thien-Phong , Marty Hélène , Sibille Pierre , Le Vern Yves , Kaspers Bernd , Dalod Marc , Schwartz-Cornil Isabelle , Quéré Pascale 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The existence of conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) has not yet been demonstrated outside mammals. In this article, we identified bona fide cDCs in chicken spleen. Comparative profiling of global and of immune response gene expression, morphology, and T cell activation properties show that cDCs and macrophages (MPs) exist as distinct mononuclear phagocytes in the chicken, resembling their human and mouse cell counterparts. With computational analysis, core gene expression signatures for cDCs, MPs, and T and B cells across the chicken, human, and mouse were established, which will facilitate the identification of these subsets in other vertebrates. Overall, this study, by extending the newly uncovered cDC and MP paradigm to the chicken, suggests that these two phagocyte lineages were already in place in the common ancestor of reptiles (including birds) and mammals in evolution. It opens avenues for the design of new vaccines and nutraceuticals that are mandatory for the sustained supply of poultry products in the expanding human population.
Metal Ion Levels Post Primary Unilateral Exeter Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Vijaysegaran Praveen , Whitehouse Sarah L. , Bijoor Manu , English Hugh , Crawford Ross W. 
Published: April 2014

Background Metal ion release is common following total hip arthroplasty, yet postoperative levels have not been defined for most stems currently used in clinical practice. Aim To assess metal ion release in the serum of patients with well functioning unilateral Exeter V40 primary total hip arthroplasties one year after surgery. Methods Whole blood chromium and serum cobalt levels were measured in 20 patients following primary total hip arthroplasty with the Exeter V40 stem and a variety of acetabular components one year after surgery. Results Whole blood chromium levels were within the normal range (10-100 nmol/L), with a single mild elevation of serum cobalt (normal ≤20 nmol/L). Conclusions In well functioning primary unilateral total hip arthroplasty using the Exeter V40 stem with a variety of acetabular components one year post surgery, whole blood chromium levels are normal and serum cobalt elevations are rare and mild.
Traumax Screw Plate Vs. Gamma Nail. Blood Loss in Pertrochanteric Fractures Treated by Minimally Invasive Osteosynthesis
Authors: Reina Nicolas , Geiss Laurent , Pailhe Réegis , Maubisson Laurent , Laffosse Jean-Michel , Chiron Philippe 
Published: April 2014

Purpose This study is aimed to determine whether the Traumax dynamic hip screw reduces perioperative blood loss and transfusion rate compared to the Gamma nail in the treatment of pertrochanteric fractures. Materials and Methods A series of 331 patients were followed prospectively in a cohort study between February 2008 and October 2011 after a pertrochanteric fracture. Two types of fixation were used, 163 patients were treated with a Gamma nail and 168 patients with a minimally invasive screw plate Traumax. Perioperative blood loss, evaluated by the Mercuriali formula based on pre- and postoperative haemoglobin and transfusion rates were compared in order to assess risk factors. Results Increased perioperative blood loss was significantly linked with patient-related parameters (age, anticoagulant and platelet aggregation inhibitor treatment). Type of osteosynthesis and type of fracture were also risk factors for blood loss and transfusion. The Traumax group had significantly lower blood loss (347 ml vs. 577 ml) and transfusion rate (33.9% vs. 63.8%) than the Gamma group. Involvement of the greater trochanter increased the risk of blood loss only in the Gamma group. Functional results and bone healing were comparable at six months follow-up. Conclusion Screw plate Traumax significantly reduces perioperative bleeding after pertrochanteric fractures. It avoids fracture gaps that tend to maintain bleeding. Given the morbidity and complications related to acute anaemia and blood transfusion, the surgical management of these elderly patients is aided by this choice of fixation.