bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acinetobacter baumannii infection in solid organ transplant recipients
Authors: Kitazono Hidetaka , Rog Dominik , Grim Shellee A. , Clark Nina M. , Reid Gail E. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIntroductionAcinetobacter baumannii can cause serious infection in susceptible patients, but little has been published regarding risk factors for infection and outcomes in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients.MethodsWe identified A. baumannii infection among adult SOT recipients that occurred between January 2001 and March 31, 2008 at a Chicago transplant center and evaluated characteristics of these infections and outcomes.ResultsThirty‐three individuals developed A. baumannii infection during the study period. Seventy‐nine percent had healthcare‐associated infection with respiratory tract as the most common site of infection (64%). Eighty‐two percent of patients had received antibiotics within two wk prior to A. baumannii infection and multidrug resistance (MDR) or extensive resistance (XDR) occurred in 85%. The median time to onset of infection was five months after transplant. The 30‐d mortality was 24% and was associated with XDR. Administration of an appropriate antibiotic within three d was associated with lower 30‐d mortality (OR 0.16, p = 0.047). All isolates tested against colistin were susceptible.ConclusionSOT recipients with A. baumannii infection had high mortality associated with delay in appropriate antibiotic therapy and XDR organisms. The use of colistin‐containing treatment regimens should be considered in these patients when A. baumannii infection is suspected or identified in patients who have received prior antibiotics.
Design as Choreography: Information in Action
Authors: Overhill Heidi 
Published: January 2015

AbstractMuseum exhibitions are conventionally understood to be educational, meaning that they convey information to visitors. The content of this information is understood to include visual, auditory, and written media, as well as content from tactile, spatial, and social encounters. This article asserts that visitors also gain knowledge through bodily kinesthetic experiences while in the exhibition setting. Emerging research in other areas has revealed connections between physical posture and cognitive issues, such as emotion and attitude, but this has not yet been applied to museum practice. I suggest that exhibition planning could exploit bodily experience more explicitly as a form of information; and that body‐aware practices like sports, dance, and yoga offer intellectual content suitable for exploration in a museum setting.
Dialogical Curating: Towards Aboriginal Self‐Representation in Museums
Authors: Unruh Leanne 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis essay proposes the idea of dialogical curating based on Grant Kester's term “dialogical art.” This term refers to the idea of allowing conversation with source communities to influence the process and outcome of an artwork, or in this case, a curated exhibition. I argue that in the examples of The District Six Museum in Cape Town, South Africa and The Museum of Anthropology at the University of British Columbia, the curatorial strategies used and discourses concerning the display of aboriginal objects can be called dialogical. By exploring methods of aboriginal self‐representation—such as alternative research and education methodologies as well as collaboration—it is possible to imagine a curatorial practice that is not a methodology, but a discourse that contributes to the processes of de‐colonization.
Validation of a contemporary adherence measure for children with Type 1 diabetes: the Diabetes Management Questionnaire
Authors: Mehta S. N. , Nansel T. R. , Volkening L. K. , Butler D. A. , Haynie D. L. , Laffel L. M. B. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the psychometric properties of the Diabetes Management Questionnaire, a brief, self‐report measure of adherence to contemporary diabetes management for young people with Type 1 diabetes and their caregivers.MethodsA total of 273 parent‐child dyads completed parallel versions of the Diabetes Management Questionnaire. Eligible children (aged 8–18 years) had Type 1 diabetes for ≥1 year. A multidisciplinary team designed the Diabetes Management Questionnaire as a brief, self‐administered measure of adherence to Type 1 diabetes management over the preceding month; higher scores reflect greater adherence. Psychometrics were evaluated for the entire sample and according to age of the child.ResultsThe children (49% female) had a mean ± sd (range) age 13.3 ± 2.9 (8–18) years and their mean ± sd HbA1c was 71 ± 15 mmol/mol (8.6 ± 1.4%). Internal consistency was good for parents (α = 0.83) and children (α = 0.79). Test‐retest reliability was excellent for parents (intraclass correlation coefficient =0.83) and good for children (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.65). Parent and child scores had moderate agreement (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.54). Diabetes Management Questionnaire scores were inversely associated with HbA1c (parents: r = –0.41, P < 0.0001; children: r = –0.27, P < 0.0001). Psychometrics were stronger in the children aged ≥13 years compared with those aged < 13 years, but were acceptable in both age groups. Mean ± sd Diabetes Management Questionnaire scores were higher among children who were receiving insulin pump therapy (n = 181) than in children receiving multiple daily injections (n = 92) according to parent (75.9 ± 11.8 vs. 70.5 ± 15.5; P = 0.004) and child report (72.2 ± 12.1 vs. 67.6 ± 13.9; P = 0.006).ConclusionsThe Diabetes Management Questionnaire is a brief, valid self‐report measure of adherence to contemporary diabetes self‐management for people aged 8–18 years who are receiving either multiple daily injections or insulin pump therapy.
PROFIT‐MAXIMIZING GATE REVENUE SHARING IN SPORTS LEAGUES
Authors: Peeters Thomas 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTIn this article, I examine how sports leagues can use gate revenue sharing to coordinate talent investments and maximize club profits. Gate revenue sharing reduces incentives to invest in talent. Initially lower investments boost profits, because total costs go down, but investing less also shrinks revenues, which harms profits at higher levels of sharing. The league maximizes profits by setting a sharing rule, which balances these two effects. Gate revenue sharing decreases talent investments more strongly in leagues with heterogeneous rather than homogeneous local market sizes. As a result, the profit‐maximizing level of sharing is higher for relatively homogeneous leagues. This implies that more balanced leagues are expected to share more gate revenues than less balanced leagues. It also explains why gate revenue sharing is widely used in the U.S. major leagues, while it is largely absent in European soccer. (JEL L41, L83)
The effect of topical treatment with doxycycline compared to saline on 66 avulsed permanent teeth – a retrospective case–control study
Authors: Tsilingaridis Georgios , Malmgren Barbro , Skutberg Caroline , Malmgren Olle 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackground/AimTooth avulsion in young growing individuals is an uncommon but very severe dental trauma. The aim of this retrospective case–control study was to evaluate the effect of topical treatment with doxycycline on avulsed permanent teeth compared with treatment with only saline regarding pulp survival and periodontal healing.Material and methodSixty‐six avulsed teeth in 50 patients (34 boys and 16 girls) between the ages six and 18 years were included in this study. Thirty teeth were soaked in a 0.05 mg ml−1 doxycycline solution for 5 min, before replantation and 36 teeth in saline solution. Root development was categorized with respect to root formation and development of the apex into three groups, one‐half‐root formation to full root formation with open apex, full root formation with half‐closed apex and full root formation with closed apex. Pulp survival and periodontal healing were assessed as successful when at the end of the observation period no pulp necrosis or ankylosis‐related resorption was diagnosed. The mean observation time was 48 months.ResultsIn the doxycycline group, 27 were diagnosed with pulp necrosis, 15 with ankylosis‐related resorption and nine were extracted. In the saline group, 30 were diagnosed with pulp necrosis, 23 with ankylosis‐related resorption and 11 were extracted. Regarding pulp survival and periodontal healing, no significant differences were found between the two groups. Teeth with immature root development showed significantly less pulp necrosis (P < 0.05) compared to teeth with full root formation regardless if treated topically with doxycycline or not. No significant differences were found between the two groups regarding age, storage, root development, splinting duration and observation time although the saline group had significantly longer extra‐oral time (P < 0.001) than the doxycycline group.ConclusionsThis study indicates that avulsed permanent teeth soaked in doxycycline do not show a better treatment outcome regarding pulp survival and periodontal healing compared with avulsed teeth placed only in saline solution. This finding is consistent regardless of root development, storage and extra‐oral time.
Education for Epiphany: The Case of Plato's Lysis
Authors: Jonas Mark E. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractWhile a great deal has been written on Plato's Lysis in philosophy and philology journals over the last thirty years, nothing has been published on Lysis in the major Anglo‐American philosophy of education journals during that time. Nevertheless, this dialogue deserves attention from educators. In this essay, Mark Jonas argues that Lysis can serve as a model for educators who want to move their students beyond mere aporia, but also do not want to dictate answers to students. Although the dialogue ends in Socrates's affirmation of aporia, his affirmation is actually meant to persuade his interlocutors to reflect on an epiphany they had previously experienced. In what follows, Jonas offers a close reading of relevant passages of Lysis, demonstrating the way that Socrates leads his interlocutors to an epiphany without forcing his answers upon them.
“Listen Then, or, Rather, Answer”: Contemporary Challenges to Socratic Education
Authors: Fullam Jordan 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe popularity of Jacques Rancière in recent work in educational philosophy has rejuvenated discussion of the merits and weaknesses of Socratic education, both in Plato's dialogues and in invocations of Socrates in contemporary educational practice. In this essay Jordan Fullam explores the implications of this trend through comparing Rancière's educational thought to an analysis of the relationship between dialectic and stultification in Plato's Republic. This task clarifies what is useful in the recent wave of scholarship that brings Rancière's work to bear upon Socratic education, and what we might redeem in the practice of teaching that Plato assigns to the character of Socrates in the Republic. Fullam also draws on the educational literature on Socratic education to provide further context to explore the usefulness of both Rancière and Socrates for contemporary teaching.
A randomized controlled study of neuromuscular electrical stimulation in oropharyngeal dysphagia secondary to acquired brain injury
Authors: Terré R. , Mearin F. 
Published: January 2015

Background and purposeTo evaluate the effectiveness of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) treatment in patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia secondary to acquired brain injury.MethodsTwenty patients with neurological oropharyngeal dysphagia (14 stroke and six severe traumatic brain injury) were enrolled in a prospective randomized study, with patients and assessors blinded (to group allocation): 10 patients underwent NMES and conventional swallowing therapy and 10 patients underwent sham electrical stimulation (SES) and conventional swallowing therapy. Both groups completed 20 sessions. At baseline, at the end of treatment (1 month) and at 3‐month follow‐up, clinical, videofluoroscopic and esophageal manometric analyses were done. Feeding swallowing capacity was evaluated using the functional oral intake scale (FOIS).ResultsMean FOIS score before treatment was 1.9 for the NMES group and 2.1 for the SES group. After treatment, the NMES group increased by 2.6 points (4.5 points) compared with only 1 point (3.1 points) for the SES group (P = 0.005). At 3 months of follow‐up, mean scores were 5.3 and 4.6 respectively; thus, both groups improved similarly. At that time point (3 months), tracheal aspiration persisted in six patients in each group. However, a significant improvement in relation to the bolus viscosity at which aspiration appeared was found in the NMES group versus the SES group (P = 0.015). Also, a significant increase (P = 0.04) in pharyngeal amplitude contraction was observed at the end of treatment (1 month) in the NMES group compared with the SES group.ConclusionNeuromuscular electrical stimulation significantly accelerated swallowing function improvement in patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia secondary to acquired brain injury.
N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide and the risk of stroke and transient ischaemic attack: the Rotterdam Study
Authors: Portegies M. L. P. , Kavousi M. , Leening M. J. G. , Bos M. J. , van den Meiracker A. H. , Hofman A. , Franco O. H. , Koudstaal P. J. , Ikram M. A. 
Published: January 2015

Background and purposeAmino‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) is a predictor of heart disease. It has also been related to stroke, but its association with transient ischaemic attacks (TIAs) is unclear. Moreover, it is unknown how clinical heart disease influences this relation. Within the prospective population‐based Rotterdam Study, the association of NT‐proBNP with stroke and TIA was examined and the role of heart disease on this association was investigated.MethodsNT‐proBNP was measured in 1997–2001 in 5611 participants (mean age 68.7 years; 57.7% women) without a history of stroke, TIA or heart failure. Follow‐up for stroke and TIA finished in 2012. Models were adjusted for age and cardiovascular risk factors, and were stratified by sex.ResultsDuring 22 058 person‐years 195 men suffered a stroke and 118 a TIA. During 31 825 person‐years 230 women suffered a stroke and 187 a TIA. Higher NT‐proBNP was associated with a higher risk of stroke in men [hazard ratio (HR) per SD increase 1.50; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.29–1.76] and in women (HR 1.24; 95% CI 1.05–1.46). Associations with TIA were only present in women (HR 1.51; 95% CI 1.26–1.82) but not in men (HR 1.02; 95% CI 0.83–1.26). Excluding persons with a history of clinical coronary heart disease, heart failure or atrial fibrillation and censoring for clinical heart disease during follow‐up did not change the associations.ConclusionsHigher NT‐proBNP is associated with incident stroke in men and women and with incident TIA only in women. These associations are independent of clinical heart disease preceding cerebrovascular disease.
Blackcaps (Sylvia atricapilla) increase the whistle part of their song in response to simulated territorial intrusion
Authors: Leedale Amy E. , Collins Sarah A. , de Kort Selvino R. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBird song is a sexually selected signal that serves two main functions, attracting a mate and deterring rivals. Different signal parameters may be important in advertising to females compared to advertising to rival males. Species solve the problem of this dual function in a variety of ways, one of which may be to have separate parts of song directed at male and female receivers. The blackcap song has two distinct parts, a complex warble, assumed to be directed at female receivers, followed by a louder and more stereotyped whistle putatively directed at males. We simulated territorial intrusions by broadcasting blackcap song in territories. Comparing songs sung prior, with those produced in response to playback, showed that the proportion of the whistle component of songs increased, but not the warble. This study thus provides empirical evidence that the whistle component of the blackcap song plays a prominent role in male–male competition. The warble component of the blackcap song may be directed at females, but this requires further testing.
Genomic conflicts and sexual antagonism in human health: insights from oxytocin and testosterone
Authors: Mokkonen Mikael , Crespi Bernard J. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractWe review the hypothesized and observed effects of two of the major forms of genomic conflicts, genomic imprinting and sexual antagonism, on human health. We focus on phenotypes mediated by peptide and steroid hormones (especially oxytocin and testosterone) because such hormones centrally mediate patterns of physical and behavioral resource allocation that underlie both forms of conflict. In early development, a suite of imprinted genes modulates the human oxytocinergic system as predicted from theory, with paternally inherited gene expression associated with higher oxytocin production, and increased solicitation to mothers by infants. This system is predicted to impact health through the incompatibility of paternal‐gene and maternal‐gene optima and increased vulnerability of imprinted gene systems to genetic and epigenetic changes. Early alterations to oxytocinergic systems have long‐term negative impacts on human psychological health, especially through their effects on attachment and social behavior. In contrast to genomic imprinting, which generates maladaptation along an axis of mother–infant attachment, sexual antagonism is predicted from theory to generate maladaptation along an axis of sexual dimorphism, modulated by steroid and peptide hormones. We describe evidence of sexual antagonism from studies of humans and other animals, demonstrating that sexually antagonistic effects on sex‐dimorphic phenotypes, including aspects of immunity, life history, psychology, and behavior, are commonly observed and lead to forms of maladaptation that are demonstrated, or expected, to impact human health. Recent epidemiological and psychiatric studies of schizophrenia in particular indicate that it is mediated, in part, by sexually antagonistic alleles. The primary implication of this review is that data collection focused on (i) effects of imprinted genes that modulate the oxytocin system, and (ii) effects of sexually antagonistic alleles on sex‐dimorphic, disease‐related phenotypes will lead to novel insights into both human health and the evolutionary dynamics of genomic conflicts.
Modelling interspecific hybridization with genome exclusion to identify conservation actions: the case of native and invasive Pelophylax waterfrogs
Authors: Quilodrán Claudio S. , Montoya‐Burgos Juan I. , Currat Mathias 
Published: January 2015

AbstractInterspecific hybridization occurs in nature but can also be caused by human actions. It often leads to infertile or fertile hybrids that exclude one parental genome during gametogenesis, escaping genetic recombination and introgression. The threat that genome‐exclusion hybridization might represent on parental species is poorly understood, especially when invasive species are involved. Here, we show how to assess the effects of genome‐exclusion hybridization and how to elaborate conservation actions by simulating scenarios using a model of nonintrogressive hybridization. We examine the case of the frog Pelophylax ridibundus, introduced in Western Europe, which can hybridize with the native Pelophylax lessonae and the pre‐existing hybrid Pelophylax esculentus, maintained by hybridogenesis. If translocated from Southern Europe, P. ridibundus produces new sterile hybrids and we show that it mainly threatens P. esculentus. Translocation from Central Europe leads to new fertile hybrids, threatening all native waterfrogs. Local extinction is demographically mediated via wasted reproductive potential or via demographic flow through generations towards P. ridibundus. We reveal that enlarging the habitat size of the native P. lessonae relative to that of the invader is a promising conservation strategy, avoiding the difficulties of fighting the invader. We finally stress that nonintrogressive hybridization is to be considered in conservation programmes.
Determination of the effectiveness of the realization of enterprise business objectives and improvement strategies in an uncertain environment
Authors: Stefanović Miladin , Tadic Danijela , Arsovski Slavko , Pravdic Predrag , Abadić Nebojša , Stefanović Nikola 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis study determines the effectiveness of business objectives and key performance indicators (KPIs) of the identified business objectives for different types of enterprise. The evaluations of the relative importance of KPIs are called a fuzzy group‐decision‐making problem. The KPI weights are determined using the fuzzy analytic hierarchical process. The effectiveness of business objectives and KPIs is determined using the adopted Balanced Scorecard Designer Pro. Determination of the KPI rank with respect to each enterprise type is on the basis of Pareto analysis. The priority of management initiatives of the improvement strategy corresponds to the calculated rank, and it has a critical effect on the competitive advantage of any enterprise. The results discuss manufacturing, public and service enterprises, which exist in central Serbia. The proposed approach can also be adapted to different businesses.
Is my species distribution model fit for purpose? Matching data and models to applications
Authors: Guillera‐Arroita Gurutzeta , Lahoz‐Monfort José J. , Elith Jane , Gordon Ascelin , Kujala Heini , Lentini Pia E. , McCarthy Michael A. , Tingley Reid , Wintle Brendan A. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractSpecies distribution models (SDMs) are used to inform a range of ecological, biogeographical and conservation applications. However, users often underestimate the strong links between data type, model output and suitability for end‐use. We synthesize current knowledge and provide a simple framework that summarizes how interactions between data type and the sampling process (i.e. imperfect detection and sampling bias) determine the quantity that is estimated by aSDM. We then draw upon the published literature and simulations to illustrate and evaluate the information needs of the most common ecological, biogeographical and conservation applications ofSDMoutputs. We find that, while predictions of models fitted to the most commonly available observational data (presence records) suffice for some applications, others require estimates of occurrence probabilities, which are unattainable without reliable absence records. Our literature review and simulations reveal that, while converting continuousSDMoutputs into categories of assumed presence or absence is common practice, it is seldom clearly justified by the application's objective and it usually degrades inference. MatchingSDMs to the needs of particular applications is critical to avoid poor scientific inference and management outcomes. This paper aims to help modellers and users assess whether their intendedSDMoutputs are indeed fit for purpose.