bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Giant intraosseous schwannoma of scapula: a rare case report and review of the literature
Authors: Tian Yu Wang , Zhang Li Ying , Liu Zhi Qin 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Bony schwannoma is a rare benign tumor derived from schwann cells of nerve fibers in the bone. It accounts for less than 1% of bony benign tumor, and prone to occur in the sacrum and mandible, occurrence in scapula is very rare. Here we report a 42-year-old woman with the chief complaint of pain in the left scapula. Imaging examination showed a giant, irregular, swelling lesion with distinct border involving the left scapula, extending into the left shoulder glenoid and pressing the surrounding soft tissues. Needle biopsy showed that the tumor was composed of spindle cells with S-100 protein positive, mimicking a benign neurogenic tumor. Then a complete excision was performed by removing the tumor and the surrounding tissues including partial left shoulder glenoid. Histologically, Antoni type A areas were the predominant microscopic pattern with occasional alternation by Antoni type B areas. Immunohistochemistry found that the neoplastic cells were scatteredly positive for S-100 protein. All these features suggest a diagnosis of an intraosseous schwannoma of the left scapula. Follow-up of the patient for ten months found no recurrence or sign of other tumors following complete tumor resection without any adjuvant therapy. In conclusion, this case of giant intraosseous schwannoma of the scapula is a rare benign bony tumor, and its diagnosis combined with clinical, imaging and pre-operative needle biopsy is important to guide further therapy, and avoid overtreatment.

Virtual slides

The virtual slides for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1399352761104042
Size- and Structure-specificity in Catalysis by Gold Clusters
Authors: Taketoshi Ayako , Haruta Masatake 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Although gold in bulk is poorly active as a catalyst, it exhibits surprisingly high catalytic activity when deposited as nanoparticles (NPs) on base metal oxides. The catalytic performance of supported gold NPs can be created by choosing the kind of support materials, by controlling the size of gold, and by building up strong contact of gold with the supports. Since perimeter interfaces around gold NPs act, in principle, as the active sites for oxidation and hydrogenation, gold should be smaller than 10 nm in diameter. A new area of research is clusters, which are smaller than 2 nm in diameter and less than 200 atoms. Gold clusters possess electronic structures different from those of bulk gold and at the same time provide increased fractions of edges and corners which are highly unsaturatedly coordinated sites. Accordingly, gold clusters will be blessed by unique catalytic performance, and many examples have recently been emerging. This article summarizes such examples in terms of “size- and structure-specificity,” covering gas-phase free clusters, polymer- or organic-ligand-stabilized clusters in liquid phase, and clusters supported on base metal oxides, carbon materials, and organic polymers for gas-phase and liquid-phase reactions.
Szent Remeték Mint A Szerzetesi Élet Példaképei: Az Egri Irgalmas Rendház 18. Századi Ablaktáblái Fr. Huetter Lukácstól
Authors: Lipp Mónika 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The order of the hospitaller brothers of St John of God worked in Eger from 1726 to 1950. One of them, brother Lucas Huetter (†1760) adorned the window shutters of the monastic cells with paintings between 1749 and 1760. The oil paintings are equally 68×38 cm. The painter in Eger used for his pictures the late 16th century print series by Johannes and Raphael Sadeler made after the works of Antwerp painter Marten de Vos (1532–1603) (titles of the series: “Solitudo sive vitae patrum eremicolarum”, “Sylvae sacrae” and “Trophaeum vitae solitariae”). The twelve scenes on the six window shutters are tightly connected to the monastic way of living. In the first pair of shutters Martinianus and Evagrius exemplify triumph over temptation. The second pair (St Venerius and St Paul the Simple) stresses the importance of obedience. The saint hermits (St Mary the Egyptian, St William of Maleval and Onuphrius) and St Francis of Assisi are paragons of poverty, asceticism and self-denial. The saints on the window shutters of the third cell (St Ignatius of Loyola, St Isidore of Madrid, the hermits Mutius and Simeon) all receive celestial help for the execution of their tasks.
In “The Imitation of Christ” Thomas à Kempis presents the holy hermits and sainted founders of the orders as examples to be imitated by the monks and all God-fearing people. The window shutters in Eger did not merely serve as decoration for the cells but filled clearly didactic, exemplary roles: how to overscome the difficulties of the everyday life, to keep focused on God and to become a saint.
A legkorábbi Pázmány-portré „rejtélye“
Authors: Tusor Péter 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The earliest authentic representation of Péter Pázmány is registered by special literature as his portrait as a Somascan monk. It is based on the white hooded garment Pázmány is wearing in the picture. It is obviously not part of a Jesuit's or an archbishop's or cardinal vestments. The interpretation as Somascan, the source of which is the handwritten catalogue of the Pannonhalma collection which preserves the picture, was probably based on the preclusion of other possibilities. To refute this assumption, there are more than one arguments. We know that Pázmány was not entitled to put on the Somascan habit — which was otherwise taken for him from Rome to Prague in July 1616 because his de facto admission into the order was held up (and finally cancelled), and more important still, we can cite Lodovico Ridolfi, chargé d'affairs of the Habsburgs house in Rome, claiming that the habit of the Somascans did not practically differ from that of the Jesuits. In the pertinent catalogue edited by Giancarlo Rocca only a black habit differing in cut from the habit of the Jesuits is mentioned. Upon our inquiry the central archivist of the order P. Maurizio Brioli C.R.S. also answered he had no idea of the white garment in the picture, and there was no trace of it in the order's documents, including the clothes of the novices. Consequently, the depicted habit cannot be Somascan. In the enumeration of Pázmány's earlier positions a post was overlooked, which may be the clue to the solution. It is the provostship in Turóc. Turóc was originally founded by the Premonstratensians, and the Hungarian members of that order were wearing a white mozzetta of a similar cut to Pázmány's in the painting as late as the 18th century. Most probably, Pázmány had to emphasize, also in externalities, mainly during his 1616 summerdiplomatic missions, particularly when facing the Protestant estates, that he was no Jesuit any longer (and hence was liable to take the archiepiscopal chair under the act of 1608). He could hardly have done it in a more evident manner than wearing this white mozzetta, which simultaneously expressed a monastic and a prelatic character. It is interesting, however, that at the time of the painting of the picture — dated between the beginning of his provostship at Turóc on 25 April 1616 and 28 September, Pázmány as a candidate for novitiate was temporarily the member of the Somascan order de iure canonico. Under the white mozzetta with capucinum of Premonstratensian origin he is wearing however a Jesuit's habit with the collar and there is a biretta similar to the Jesuits' on his head.
Assessment of Uncertainty and Risk in Modeling Regional Heavy‐Metal Accumulation in Agricultural Soils
Authors: Keller A. , Abbaspour K. C. , Schulin R. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTPresent agricultural land use and atmospheric deposition may lead to heavy‐metal accumulation rates in soils that may violate soil quality standards in the future. To undertake suitable preventive measures against heavy‐metal enrichment, flux balances in agroecosystems and their uncertainties have to be assessed. For this reason we developed an empirical stochastic model, PROTERRA‐S, that considers heavy‐metal inputs through agricultural management as well as outputs by crop removal and leaching on a regional scale. In this manuscript we describe application of PROTERRA‐S to the Sundgau region in Switzerland. Considering uncertainty in informational and natural variability, large variations of the aggregated regional cadmium and zinc balances were found, with standard deviations that were of the same order of magnitude as their average values. Uncertainty in the simulated net zinc flux originated mainly from uncertainty in the zinc concentrations of manure and crops and from uncertainty in atmospheric deposition of zinc. For cadmium, the main contribution to the total uncertainty came from uncertainty in crop concentration, regression functions to estimate Freundlich parameters, atmospheric deposition, and from spatial variation of soil pH and cation exchange capacity (CEC). For both zinc and cadmium, informational uncertainty in input data were large, indicating that significant uncertainty reduction could be achieved by additional data collection campaigns. A monetary risk value for the regional zinc accumulation rate in Sundgau was calculated to be on the order of 22 million Euro.
Fate of Pesticides in Tropical Soils of Brazil under Field Conditions
Authors: Laabs V. , Amelung W. , Pinto A. , Zech W. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTThe potential of pesticides for nonpoint ground water pollution depends on their dissipation and leaching behavior in soils. We investigated the fate of 10 pesticides in two tropical soils of contrasting texture in the Brazilian Cerrado region near Cuiabá during an 80‐d period, employing topsoil dissipation studies, soil core analyses, and lysimeter experiments. Dissipation of pesticides was rapid, with field half‐lives ranging from 0.8 to 20 d in Ustox and 0.6 to 11.8 d in Psamments soils. Soil core analyses showed progressive leaching of polar pesticides in Psamments, whereas in Ustox pesticides were rapidly transported to 40 cm soil depth regardless of their sorption properties, suggesting that leaching was caused by preferential flow. In lysimeter experiments (35 cm soil depth), cumulative leaching was generally low, with ≤0.02% and ≤0.19% of the applied amounts leached in Ustox and Psamments, respectively. In both soils, all pesticides but the pyrethroids were detected in percolate at 35 cm soil depth within the first 6 d after application. Cumulative efflux and mean concentrations of pesticides in percolate were closely correlated with their Groundwater Ubiquity Score (GUS). The presence of alachlor (2‐chloro‐2′,6′‐diethyl‐N‐methoxymethylacetanilide), atrazine (2‐chloro‐4‐ethylamino‐6‐isopropylamino‐1,3,5‐triazine), metolachlor [2‐chloro‐N‐(2‐ethyl‐6‐methylphenyl)‐N‐(2‐methoxy‐1‐methylethyl)acetamide], simazine [2‐chloro‐4,6‐bis(ethylamino)‐1,3,5‐triazine], and trifluralin (2,6‐dinitro‐N,N‐dipropyl‐4‐trifluoromethylaniline) throughout the soil profile and in percolate of wick lysimeters at 95 cm soil depth indicated that a nonpoint pollution of ground water resources in tropical Brazil cannot be ruled out for these substances.
Flow and Diffusion Measurements in Natural Porous Media Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Baumann Thomas , Petsch Rainer , Fesl Gunther , Niessner Reinhard 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTFlow and diffusion of water in natural porous media, quartz sand, and calcareous gravel were measured using a 1.5‐T clinical magnetic resonance tomograph. The spatial resolution of the dynamic measurements was 1.32 × 1.32 × 5 mm3, and the time between two cross‐sectional measurements was approximately 10 s. The measured coefficients of molecular diffusion for water were in good agreement with theoretical data. Flow was measured without any tracer at velocities between 0.15 and 6.67 mm/s. The results, based on a calibration within one part of the column, were in good agreement with data obtained from a tracer experiment and from a numerical model. It was possible to measure the flow velocity in larger pores and preferential flow paths directly. The results of the flow measurements in smaller pores reflected the mean velocity within that volume element. In that case the obtained values were close to the average linear velocity. Since the time resolution is high a monitoring of flow processes is possible. The pore space was imaged with a spatial resolution of 0.5 × 0.5 × 0.5 mm3Here, the porosity of pores that are larger than 0.2 mm can be measured directly; for smaller pores a calibration is necessary.
Patient-specific thresholds of intracranial pressure in severe traumatic brain injury
Authors: Lazaridis Christos , DeSantis Stacia M. , Smielewski Peter , Menon David K. , Hutchinson Peter , Pickard John D. , Czosnyka Marek 
Published: February 2014

Object
Based on continuous monitoring of the pressure reactivity index (PRx), the authors defined individualized intracranial pressure (ICP) thresholds by graphing the relationship between ICP and PRx. These investigators hypothesized that an “ICP dose” based on individually assessed ICP thresholds would correlate more closely with the 6-month outcome when compared with ICP doses derived by the recommended universal thresholds of 20 and 25 mm Hg.

Methods
This study was a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from 327 patients with severe traumatic brain injury.

Results
Individualized thresholds were visually identified from graphs of PRx versus ICP; PRx > 0.2 was the cutoff. Intracranial pressure doses were then computed as the cumulative area under the curve above the defined thresholds in graphing ICP versus time. The term “Dose 20” (D20) was used to refer to an ICP threshold of 20 mm Hg; the markers D25 and DPRx were calculated similarly. Separate logistic regression models were fit with death as the outcome and each dose as the predictor, both alone and adjusted for covariates. The discriminative ability of each dose for mortality was assessed by receiver operating characteristic AUC analysis in which 5-fold cross-validation was used. A clearly identifiable PRx-based threshold was possible in 224 patients (68%). The DPRx (AUC 0.81, 95% CI 0.74–0.87) was found to have the highest area under the curve (AUC) over both D20 (0.75, 95% CI 0.68–0.81) and D25 (0.77, 95% CI 0.70–0.83); in the cross-validation model, DPRx remained the best discriminator of mortality (DPRx: AUC 0.77 [95% CI 0.68–0.89]; D20: 0.72 [95% CI 0.66–0.81]; and D25: 0.65 [95% CI 0.56–0.73]).

Conclusions
The authors explored the importance of different ICP thresholds for outcome by calculating patient-specific ICP doses based on the continuous monitoring of cerebrovascular pressure reactivity. They found that these individualized doses of intracranial hypertension were stronger predictors of death than doses derived from the universal thresholds of 20 and 25 mm Hg. The PRx could offer a method that can be directed toward individualizing the ICP threshold.
Trigeminal neuralgia occurs and recurs in the absence of neurovascular compression
Authors: Lee Albert , McCartney Shirley , Burbidge Cole , Raslan Ahmed M. , Burchiel Kim J. 
Published: February 2014

Object
Vascular compression of the trigeminal nerve is the most common factor associated with the etiology of trigeminal neuralgia (TN). Microvascular decompression (MVD) has proven to be the most successful and durable surgical approach for this disorder. However, not all patients with TN manifest unequivocal neurovascular compression (NVC). Furthermore, over time patients with an initially successful MVD manifest a relentless rate of TN recurrence.

Methods
The authors performed a retrospective review of cases of TN Type 1 (TN1) or Type 2 (TN2) involving patients 18 years or older who underwent evaluation (and surgery when indicated) at Oregon Health & Science University between July 2006 and February 2013. Surgical and imaging findings were correlated.

Results
The review identified a total of 257 patients with TN (219 with TN1 and 38 with TN2) who underwent high-resolution MRI and MR angiography with 3D reconstruction of combined images using OsiriX. Imaging data revealed that the occurrence of TN1 and TN2 without NVC was 28.8% and 18.4%, respectively. A subgroup of 184 patients underwent surgical exploration. Imaging findings were highly correlated with surgical findings, with a sensitivity of 96% for TN1 and TN2 and a specificity of 90% for TN1 and 66% for TN2.

Conclusions
Magnetic resonance imaging detects NVC with a high degree of sensitivity. However, despite a diagnosis of TN1 or TN2, a significant number of patients have no NVC. Trigeminal neuralgia clearly occurs and recurs in the absence of NVC.
Predictors of outcome in civilian gunshot wounds to the head
Authors: Aarabi Bizhan , Tofighi Babak , Kufera Joseph A. , Hadley Jeffrey , Ahn Edward S. , Cooper Carnell , Malik Jacek M. , Naff Neal J. , Chang Louis , Radley Michael , Kheder Ashker , Uscinski Ronald H. 
Published: February 2014

Object
Civilian gunshot wounds to the head (GSWH) are often deadly, but some patients with open cranial wounds need medical and surgical management and are potentially good candidates for acceptable functional recovery. The authors analyzed predictors of favorable clinical outcome (Glasgow Outcome Scale scores of 4 and 5) after GSWH over a 24-month period.

Methods
The authors posited 2 questions: First, what percentage of civilians with GSWH died in the state of Maryland in a given period of time? Second, what were the predictors of favorable outcome after GSWH? The authors examined demographic, clinical, imaging, and acute care data for 786 civilians who sustained GSWH. Univariate and logistic regression analyses were used to analyze the data.

Results
Of the 786 patients in this series, 712 (91%) died and 74 (9%) completed acute care in 9 trauma centers. Of the 69 patients admitted to one Maryland center, 46 (67%) eventually died. In 48 patients who were resuscitated, the Injury Severity Score was 26.2, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score was 7.8, and an abnormal pupillary response (APR) to light was present in 41% of patients. Computed tomography indicated midline shift in 17%, obliteration of basal cisterns in 41.3%, intracranial hematomas in 34.8%, and intraventricular hemorrhage in 49% of cases. When analyzed for trajectory, 57.5% of bullet slugs crossed midcoronal, midsagittal, or both planes. Two subsets of admissions were studied: 27 patients (65%) who had poor outcome (25 patients who died and 2 who had severe disability) and 15 patients (35%) who had a favorable outcome when followed for a mean period of 40.6 months. Six patients were lost to follow-up.
Univariate analysis indicated that admission GCS score (p < 0.001), missile trajectory (p < 0.001), surgery (p < 0.001), APR to light (p = 0.002), patency of basal cisterns (p = 0.01), age (p = 0.01), and intraventricular bleed (p = 0.03) had a significant relationship to outcome. Multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that GCS score and patency of the basal cistern were significant determinants of outcome. Exclusion of GCS score from the regression models indicated missile trajectory and APR to light were significant in determining outcome.

Conclusions
Admission GCS score, trajectory of the missile track, APR to light, and patency of basal cisterns were significant determinants of outcome in civilian GSWH.
Limitations in the Classification of Childhood-onset Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Ferrell Emily G. , Ponder Lori A. , Minor Lauren S. , Angeles-Han Sheila T. , Kennedy Christine W. , Rouster-Stevens Kelly A. , Rohani-Pichavant Mina , Vogler Larry B. , Prahalad Sampath 
Published: February 2014

Objective.Rheumatoid factor-positive polyarthritis (RF+ poly) is the juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) category that resembles adult seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We studied children with RF+ and/or anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (anti-CCP)+ JIA to determine what proportion of those children meet International League of Associations for Rheumatology (ILAR) criteria for RF+ poly JIA and to assess for significant differences between children who meet RF+ poly criteria and those who are classified in other categories.Methods.Charts of children with JIA who were RF+ and/or anti-CCP+ were reviewed. Children with RF+ poly JIA were compared to children in other categories. Statistical analysis was performed using chi-square, Fisher’s exact test, and the Student’s t-test.Results.Of 56 children with RF+ and/or anti-CCP+ JIA, 34 (61%) met ILAR criteria for RF+ poly JIA. Twelve children had RF–/anti-CCP+ JIA with low anti-CCP titers. When these 12 children were excluded, there were few significant differences between children who met criteria for RF+ poly and those who were classified in other categories. The American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism criteria for RA identified more RF+ children than did the ILAR RF+ poly classification (100% vs 77%).Conclusion.A number of children with RF+ arthritis were excluded from the RF+ poly JIA classification, though many demographic features and disease measures were similar to those of children who met criteria for RF+ poly JIA. We propose prioritization of RF/anti-CCP positivity over specific exclusions, along with inclusion of anti-CCP, in future revisions of the JIA classification criteria, to improve the sensitivity of diagnosing childhood-onset RA.
De la désindustrialisation à la re-industrialisation.
Authors: Lambert Olivier 
Published: February 2014

La zone d’activités de Peynier-Rousset s’affirme comme un pôle industriel prospère tourné vers la microélectronique et les nouvelles technologies. Créée en 1961, elle a pris un virage décisif avec l’arrivée de l’industrie des semi-conducteurs au début des années 1980. Son exemple est d’autant plus intéressant que cette zone se situe dans un espace économique – le bassin de Gardanne – marqué par la désindustrialisation et la disparition des activités minières. À partir de son étude, il nous est ainsi permis de nous interroger sur le processus de reconversion à l’œuvre au sein des territoires industriels en prise avec la désagrégation de leur tissu traditionnel.
Addition of Acute Care Nurse Practitioners to Medical and Surgical Rapid Response Teams: A Pilot Project
Authors: Kapu April N. , Wheeler Arthur P. , Lee Byron 
Published: February 2014

BackgroundVanderbilt University Hospital’s original rapid response team included a critical care charge nurse and a respiratory therapist. A frequently identified barrier to care was the time delay between arrival of the rapid response team and arrival of the primary health care team.ObjectiveTo assess the impact of adding an acute care nurse practitioner to the rapid response team.MethodsAcute care nurse practitioners were added to surgical and medical rapid response teams in January 2011 to diagnose and order treatments on rapid response calls.ResultsIn 2011, the new teams responded to 898 calls, averaging 31.8 minutes per call. The most frequent diagnoses were respiratory distress (18%), postoperative pain (13%), hypotension (12%), and tachyarrhythmia (10%). The teams facilitated 360 transfers to intensive care and provided 3056 diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. Communication with the primary team was documented on 97% of the calls. Opportunities for process improvement were identified on 18% of the calls. After implementation, charge nurses were surveyed, with 96% expressing high satisfaction associated with enhanced service and quality.ConclusionsTeams led by nurse practitioners provide diagnostic expertise and treatment, facilitation of transfers, team communication, and education.