bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A biallelic mutation in CACNA2D2 associated with developmental and epileptic encephalopathy affects calcium channel‐dependent as well as synaptic functions of α2δ‐2
Authors: Haddad Sabrin , Ablinger Cornelia , Stanika Ruslan , Hessenberger Manuel , Campiglio Marta , Ortner Nadine J. , Tuluc Petronel , Obermair Gerald J. 
Published: August 2024

Abstractα2δ proteins serve as auxiliary subunits of voltage‐gated calcium channels and regulate channel membrane expression and current properties. Besides their channel function, α2δ proteins regulate synapse formation, differentiation, and synaptic wiring. Considering these important functions, it is not surprising that CACNA2D1‐4, the genes encoding for α2δ‐1 to ‐4 isoforms, have been implicated in neurological, neurodevelopmental, and neuropsychiatric disorders. Mutations in CACNA2D2 have been associated with developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE) and cerebellar atrophy. In our present study, we performed a detailed functional characterization of the p.R593P mutation in α2δ‐2, a homozygous mutation previously identified in two siblings with DEE. Importantly, we analyzed both calcium channel‐dependent as well as synaptic functions of α2δ‐2. Our data show that the corresponding p.R596P mutation in mouse α2δ‐2 drastically decreases membrane expression and synaptic targeting of α2δ‐2. This defect correlates with altered biophysical properties of postsynaptic CaV1.3 channel but has no effect on presynaptic CaV2.1 channels upon heterologous expression in tsA201 cells. However, homologous expression of α2δ‐2_R596P in primary cultures of hippocampal neurons affects the ability of α2δ‐2 to induce a statistically significant increase in the presynaptic abundance of endogenous CaV2.1 channels and presynaptic calcium transients. Moreover, our data demonstrate that in addition to lowering membrane expression, the p.R596P mutation reduces the trans‐synaptic recruitment of GABAA receptors and presynaptic synapsin clustering in glutamatergic synapses. Lastly, the α2δ‐2_R596P reduces the amplitudes of glutamatergic miniature postsynaptic currents in transduced hippocampal neurons. Taken together, our data strongly link the human biallelic p.R593P mutation to the underlying severe neurodevelopmental disorder and highlight the importance of studying α2δ mutations not only in the context of channelopathies but also synaptopathies.
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Problematic internet use profiles and their associated factors among adolescents
Authors: Piqueras José A. , Rico‐Bordera Pilar , Galán Manuel , García‐Oliva Carlos , Marzo Juan C. , Pineda David 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe cognitive‐behavioral model of generalized Problematic Internet Use (PIU) is the theoretical approach that has obtained the most evidence on the study of this problem, which includes four components: Online Social Preference, Mood Regulation, Deficient Self‐Regulation, and Negative Outcomes. This study aimed to identify PIU profiles using Latent Profile Analysis, and to analyze the differences in them attending to some of the principal PIU risk and protective factors. A total of 675 Spanish adolescents completed questionnaires assessing PIU, Internet usage, mental health problems, personality, psychological strengths, and family relationships. Four profiles were obtained: Nonproblematic use (68.30% of the sample), Slightly problematic use (17.90% of the sample), Problematic use (8.50% of the sample), and Severe problematic use (5.40% of the sample). Results showed differences between them, with the profile with more PIU having more risk factors and less protective factors. Results showed that many different personal and social variables included in the study play a role in PIU. Knowing the different PIU profiles can help in the design of more specific and precise procedures and instruments for risk assessment, as well as aiding in prevention and in the design of more individualized treatments.
Insights into gut fungi in pigs: A comprehensive review
Authors: Wei Guanyue 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFungi in the gut microbiota of mammals play a crucial role in host physiological regulation, including intestinal homeostasis and host immune regulation. However, our understanding of gut fungi in mammals remains limited, especially in economically valuable animals, such as pigs. Therefore, this review first describes the classification and characterisation of fungi, provides insights into the methods used to study gut fungi, and summarises the recent progress on pig gut fungi. Additionally, it discusses the challenges in the study of pig gut fungi and highlights potential perspectives. The aim of this review is to serve as a valuable reference for advancing our knowledge of gut fungi in animals.
The effect of the fat to starch ratio in young horses' diet on plasma metabolites, muscle endurance and fear responses
Authors: Lashkari Saman , Beblein Carina , Christensen Janne W. , Jensen Søren K. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHigh‐starch diets may affect equine hindgut microbiota and increase blood glucose levels, which may cause unwanted physiological changes, but may also elicit behavioural changes such as increased fear reactions. The purpose of the current study was to feed a high starch (300) and low fat (43; HS_LF) or a low starch (60) and high fat (85; LS_HF, g/kg of DM) concentrate within the available commercial range and investigate how muscle endurance and fear reactions of horses respond to different diets. Twenty Danish Warmblood stallions (4 years) were randomly allocated to two treatments: LS_HF (n = 10) and HS_LF (n = 10) for 9 weeks. During the two last weeks, a single step exercise test was performed, and plasma metabolites and blood gases were measured before and after exercise in a 2 × 2 factorial design. The effect of two diets on fearfulness was tested by exposing the horses to novel objects test (T1 and T2). Plasma metabolites was not affected by diets. However, plasma level of glucose post‐exercise (4.9) was lower than pre‐exercise (5.6 mmol/L; p < 0.001). Similarly, plasma level of insulin post‐exercise (4.2) was lower than pre‐exercise (13.1 pmol/L; p < 0.001). Plasma level of lactate dehydrogenase (p < 0.001), non‐esterified fatty acids (p = 0.002), β‐hydroxybutyrate (p = 0.001), and fructosamine (p = 0.01) post‐exercise was higher than pre‐exercise. Regardless of type of diets, RRR‐α‐tocopherol was the dominance α‐tocopherol stereoisomers in plasma. In conclusion, during aerobic exercise, fat to starch ratio in horse diets within the normal range had no significant effect on plasma metabolites. However, horses fed LS_HF tended to show more investigative behaviour than horses fed HS_LF.
Chronotype in relation to shift work: A cohort study among 37,731 female nurses
Authors: de Bruijn Linske , Berentzen Nina E. , Vermeulen Roel C. H. , Vlaanderen Jelle J. , Kromhout Hans , van Leeuwen Flora E. , Schaapveld Michael 
Published: August 2024

SummaryChronotype may affect tolerance for circadian disruption induced by shift work. This study examines the association between chronotype, self‐reported sleep timing, shift type preference, and sleep problems among nurses, and studies chronotype stability over time. The study included 37,731 Dutch female nurses who completed a baseline (2011) and follow‐up questionnaire (2017), with information on shift work (e.g., job history, shift type preference [collected in 2017 only]), and sleep characteristics (e.g., chronotype, preferred sleep–wake time in a work‐free period [collected in 2017 only], and sleep problems between working days according to Medical Outcomes Study‐Sleep Problem Index II [MOS‐SPI‐II]). The association between chronotype and sleep timing was examined using (age‐adjusted) linear regression. Associations between chronotype and shift type preference and sleep problems (MOS‐SPI‐II >30) were examined using ordered logistic and Poisson regression, respectively. With later chronotype, midsleep time increased (definite evening vs. intermediate types [reference]: β = 55 min, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 54–55), the odds ratio (OR) for 1‐point increase in preference for night (2.68; 95% CI: 2.48–2.90) and evening shifts increased (OR 2.20; 95% CI: 2.03–2.38), while the odds for day (OR 0.17; 95% CI: 0.16–0.18) and morning shifts (OR 0.22; 95% CI: 0.21–0.24) decreased. Intermediate chronotype was associated with fewer sleep problems (median MOS‐SPI‐II = 27.2, p < 0.01), compared with definite morning (28.9) and evening types (31.7). This study shows that chronotype is associated with sleep–wake times in a work‐free period, shift type preference, and sleep problems in nurses. Future studies on the association of shift work‐induced circadian disruption and health outcomes should therefore consider chronotype as effect‐modifier.
Stoking the fires of professional resistance: Trainees' efforts across time
Authors: Wyatt Tasha R. , Scarlett Emily , Jain Vinayak , Ma Ting Lan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntroductionResearchers who study acts of resistance largely focus on efforts when they are at their peak, giving the impression that those who resist are in a constant state of arousal. What is missing in such studies is the variable of time, which is theorised to be intimately connected to power and resistance. To explore this aspect, we followed a group of trainees engaged in professional resistance against social injustice over the period of 1 year to understand how their efforts shifted across time. This longitudinal approach was meant to capture the temporality of resistance, specifically how time affects resistance efforts.MethodsUsing a constructivist grounded theory approach for data collection and analysis, we conducted follow‐up interviews with 13 trainees approximately 10 months apart. Interviews were analysed using holistic narrative analysis, in which we analysed contexts, subjectivities and interactions across the two time points. We then conducted a cross‐case analysis and restoried the data to develop an understanding of how resistance shifts across time. Finally, we contextualised the data using the metaphor of open and zombie wildfires.ResultsThe findings demonstrate that when trainees transition to new institutions or professional positions, their access to power and interactions with colleagues shift, thus making it challenging for them to resist in ways they had done so earlier. In transitions where trainees were given power, the flames of resistance continued to blaze visibly. In other cases, without an appreciable change in power, resistance resembled more of a ‘zombie fire’, smouldering quietly underfoot.DiscussionExamining trainees' acts of resistance across time demonstrates that the work of advocacy and resistance is extremely taxing for trainees. Therefore, when they experience shifts in their context or subjectivity, they conserve energy and strategise their next move. This study provides new insight on the relationship between time and resistance.
Adapting rapid ethnographic research in an evolving emergency: Generalizable lessons in resilience
Authors: Sobo Elisa J. , Brunson Emily K. , McClure Stephanie , Cartwright Elizabeth , Jordan Meg , Thomas Stephen B. , Schoch‐Spana Monica 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTo ensure the real‐world utility of emergency ethnographic research, plans must evolve as circumstances shift. The CommuniVax coalition's work provides a case study of this scenario. Using rapid ethnographic interviews, focus groups, and other methods, the six local CommuniVax teams sought to comprehend and improve COVID‐19 vaccine access and uptake. To this end, they responded nimbly to varying community priorities, the pandemic's shifting nature, evolving bureaucratic mechanisms, and political fluctuations. This paper provides specific examples of such instances, highlighting some of the critical decision points that emerged, demonstrating the flexibility needed for effective rapid community‐based research, reiterating the importance of a bottom‐up orientation, and elaborating on the trade‐offs that occurred in decision‐making regarding how best to move forward. This discussion is relevant to tackling any narrowly defined research problem, emergency‐related or not, as well as research seeking actionable answers to specific questions that have practical bearing on human lives.
A systematic review of social connections as determinants of obesity: Longitudinal evidence limited to marital transitions
Authors: Madani Civi Rana , Mehranfar Sanaz , Plunkett Riley , Veenstra Gerry , Conklin Annalijn I. 
Published: August 2024

SummaryBackgroundSocial relationships impact health and may affect proximal determinants such as obesity. Our review examined empirical evidence of the impact of changes in social relationships on risk of obesity in aging adults, with attention to gender.MethodsWe systematically searched Medline, EMBASE, Scopus, CINAHL, and ProQuest Dissertations and reference lists of relevant reviews and papers published up to November 2022. Longitudinal studies examining changes in marital status, living arrangement, social participation, and social networks and anthropometric changes or incident obesity were deemed eligible. Relevant data were extracted and synthesized narratively.ResultsWe identified 41,910 eligible titles, resulting in 252 full texts and 7 included studies. All studies were conducted in the United States and assessed marital transitions only; 3 studies included both women and men. Overall, compared with people who remain non‐married, entering marriage leads to a significant increase in body mass index (BMI) for both genders. Conversely, transitioning out of marriage through widowhood or divorce leads to a decrease in weight (kg/lbs), waist circumference, and BMI for both genders. All seven studies were deemed to be of medium quality.ConclusionsOur review revealed a paucity of prospective evidence on social connections as determinants of obesity among aging adults. There is limited evidence that marital transitions are associated with changes in anthropometric measurements in aging individuals, but no evidence on the effects of changes in living arrangements, social participation, and social networks on anthropometric measurements. More research attention to the social determinants of obesity is warranted.
Simultaneous Single‐Position Oblique Lumbar Interbody Fusion and Percutaneous Pedicle Screw Fixation under O‐Arm Navigation for Modified MISDEF Type II Adult Degenerative Scoliosis: Case Series and Surgical Technique
Authors: Wang Yan , Han Shuo , Guo Zhu , Sun Chong , Ma Xuexiao 
Published: August 2024

PurposeOblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF) has become a popular technique for treating adult degenerative scoliosis (ADS), but traditional OLIF technology often requires repositioning for one‐stage or staged posterior fixation. The objective of this pilot study was to describe the surgical technique of simultaneous single‐position OLIF and percutaneous pedicle screw fixation (OLIF 360) under O‐Arm navigation for modified MISDEF type II ADS.MethodsBetween June 2022 and December 2023, six patients classified as having modified MISDEF type II ADS underwent OLIF 360 assisted by O‐Arm navigation at our institution. Intraoperative blood loss, duration of operation, and complications related to the OLIF 360 procedure were recorded. The preoperative and postoperative spinal pelvic parameters were measured using X‐rays. The accuracy of pedicel screws was recorded in accordance with the modified Gertzbein–Robbins classification on CT. Postoperative MRI was performed to evaluate the indirect decompressive effect. The Japanese Orthopedic Association score for low back pain was used to evaluate surgical outcomes.ResultsNavigated OLIF 360 were performed in six ADS patients with 44 percutaneous pedicel screws and 16 cages placement, including four women and two men. The mean operation time was 160.83 ± 33.23 min, and the mean blood loss was 111.67 ± 39.71 mL. Postoperative spinal pelvic parameters and spinal stenosis degree improved significantly on X‐ray and MRI. All screws were clinically acceptable according to the Gertzbein–Robbins classification, with 92.7% grade A and 7.3% grade B. No serious intraoperative and postoperative adverse events were recorded in all patients. The JOA scores for low back pain of all patients were significantly improved at postoperative 1 month and the final follow‐up.ConclusionWe report on a case series and describe navigated OLIF 360 in treating modified MISDEF type II ADS patients. Navigation‐assisted OLIF 360 has shown encouraging surgical outcomes with good spinal imbalance correction and indirect decompression.
Outcome of transvenous lead extraction in nonagenarians: A single‐center retrospective study
Authors: Komatsu Toshinori , Okada Ayako , Shoda Morio , Tanaka Kiu , Kobayashi Hideki , Oguchi Yasutaka , Saigusa Tatsuya , Ebisawa Soichiro , Motoki Hirohiko , Kuwahara Koichiro 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundTransvenous lead extraction (TLE) for cardiovascular implantable electronic device (CIED)‐related infections has increased. The incidence of TLE in nonagenarians is low, with limited reports outlining the outcomes of this procedure. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to clarify the outcomes of TLE in nonagenarians.MethodsPatients with TLE treated at our hospital between 2014 and 2023 were retrospectively examined; patient characteristics, device type, indications, procedures, complications, and clinical data of nonagenarians were analyzed.ResultsOf 12 patients with 24 leads (active fixation lead, n = 11; passive fixation lead, n = 13) who underwent TLE, the indication for TLE was infection (pocket infection, n = 8; sepsis, n = 4). Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most frequently identified causative agent (n = 4). The median patient age was 91 years; five patients were female. The median lead dwell time was 9 years. Excimer laser sheath (16 leads), mechanical sheath (five leads), Evolution RL (one lead), and manual traction (two leads) were employed in TLE. The procedure was successful in all patients, and only one had a minor complication. Six patients required CIED re‐implantation, and leadless pacemakers were selected for five patients. The 30‐day mortality after TLE was 0%.ConclusionTLE can be safely performed in nonagenarians. The decision to perform TLE should not be based on old age alone; the suitability of removing infected CIEDs should be determined based on each patient's condition.
Eco‐evolutionary factors contribute to chemodiversity in aboveground and belowground cucurbit herbivore‐induced plant volatiles
Authors: Thompson M. N. , Cohen Z. P. , Merrell D. , Helms A. M. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
When attacked by insect herbivores, plants emit blends of chemical compounds known as herbivore‐induced plant volatiles (HIPVs). Although HIPVs are produced both aboveground and belowground, how HIPVs vary across plant tissues remains unresolved, as do the selective forces shaping interspecific HIPV emission patterns. Here, we compared foliar and root HIPVs within and among closely related plant species and evaluated if different eco‐evolutionary forces, including plant domestication, coexistence histories with herbivores, or phylogenetic relatedness, explain HIPV blends.
To examine aboveground and belowground patterns in HIPVs, we compared leaf and root volatile profiles for six species in the Cucurbitaceae that differed in domestication status and coexistence history with specialist insect herbivores. We predicted that within‐species HIPVs from different tissues would be more similar than HIPV blends among different species, and that plant volatile chemodiversity was reduced by domestication and enhanced by coexistence histories with herbivores.
We found that herbivory induced both quantitative and qualitative changes in volatile emissions across all plant species, which were more pronounced aboveground than belowground. Each species produced tissue‐specific HIPVs, and foliar and root HIPVs differed among species. Contrary to our predictions, plant domestication enhanced foliar volatile diversity, while coexistence histories with herbivores reduced foliar and root volatile diversity. Additionally, phylogenetic relatedness did not correlate with aboveground or belowground volatiles.
Overall, this work furthers our understanding of the eco‐evolutionary forces driving patterns in aboveground and belowground HIPV emissions, elucidating an important and previously undescribed component of within‐plant variation in chemodiversity.
The interplay of perceptual processing demands and practice in modulating voluntary and involuntary motor responses
Authors: Marinovic Welber , Nguyen An T. , Vallence Ann‐Maree , Tresilian James R. , Lipp Ottmar V. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractUnderstanding how sensory processing demands affect the ability to ignore task‐irrelevant, loud auditory stimuli (LAS) during a task is key to performance in dynamic environments. For example, tennis players must ignore crowd noise to perform optimally. We investigated how practice affects this ability by examining the effects of delivering LASs during preparatory phase of an anticipatory timing (AT) task on the voluntary and reflexive responses in two conditions: lower and higher visual processing loads. Twenty‐four participants (mean age = 23.1, 11 females) completed the experiment. The AT task involved synchronizing a finger abduction response with the last visual stimulus item in a sequence of four Gabor grating patches briefly flashed on screen. The lower demand condition involved only this task, and the higher demand condition required processing the orientations of the patches to report changes in the final stimulus item. Our results showed that higher visual processing demands affected the release of voluntary actions, particularly in the first block of trials. When the perceptual load was lower, responses were released earlier by the LAS compared to the high‐load condition. Practice reduced these effects largely, but high perceptual load still led to earlier action release in the second block. In contrast, practice led to more apparent facilitation of eyeblink latency in the second block. These findings indicate that a simple perceptual load manipulation can impact the execution of voluntary motor actions, particularly for inexperienced participants. They also suggest distinct movement preparation influences on voluntary and involuntary actions triggered by acoustic stimuli.
Dimensions of parenting during infancy: Testing a latent bifactor model
Authors: Martini Julia , Wade Mark , Prime Heather , Jenkins Jennifer 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn the current paper, we examined the dimensional structure of parenting using a bifactor model of observed parenting domains during infancy. We validated our parenting dimensions by examining correlations with indicators of family well‐being and child development. Data come from a longitudinal cohort that recruited a diverse sample of mothers (56.5% White) and their newborn child (50.7% males). Parenting was assessed using multiple indicators at an average of 18 months (N = 397). Bifactor modelling revealed a general latent dimension of sensitivity and two unique dimensions indexing emotional input and cognitive input. We found a pattern of shared and unique correlations of the three parenting dimensions with family and child well‐being. The most robust correlations were with the general sensitivity dimension, which we argue cuts across parentings behaviors and is fundamental to development.