bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A statistical method of evaluating the pronunciation proficiency/intelligibility of English presentations by Japanese speakers
Authors: Kibishi Hiroshi , Hirabayashi Kuniaki , Nakagawa Seiichi 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a statistical evaluation method of pronunciation proficiency and intelligibility for presentations made in English by native Japanese speakers. We statistically analyzed the actual utterances of speakers to find combinations of acoustic and linguistic features with high correlation between the scores estimated by the system and native English teachers. Our results showed that the best combination of acoustic features produced correlation coefficients of 0.929 and 0.753 for pronunciation and intelligibility scores, respectively, using open data for speakers at the 10-sentence level. In an offline test, we evaluated possibly-confusing pairs of phonemes that are often mispronounced by Japanese speakers of English. In addition, we developed an online real-time score estimation system for Japanese learners of English using offline techniques to evaluate the pronunciation and intelligibility scores in real-time with almost the same ability as English teachers. Finally, we show that both the objective and subjective evaluations improved after learning with our system.
‘The common aim of the Allied Powers’: social policy and international legitimacy in wartime China, 1940–47
Authors: Ma Tehyun 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis article examines why Western programmes of social security became a topic of interest for Chinese Nationalist (Guomindang) policy-makers during the early 1940s. It traces a generation of sociologists and civil servants, often trained abroad, who used wartime exigencies to make the case for New Deal-style reforms. While offering a route to professional advancement, social insurance was primarily intended to serve the needs of the government. Embedded in, and dependent on, the Anglo-American alliance, Nationalist party planners embraced the internationalist social agenda of the Atlantic Charter – advanced by institutions such as the International Labour Organization and the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration – to solidify their nation's status as an aspiring great power, and to legitimize to foreign sponsors their hold on the state. In this regard, fascination with the likes of the Beveridge Report and the Social Security Act was a performance, intended to show how China was in keeping with the spirit of the age.
100 GHz silicon–organic hybrid modulator
Authors: Alloatti Luca , Palmer Robert , Diebold Sebastian , Pahl Kai Philipp , Chen Baoquan , Dinu Raluca , Fournier Maryse , Fedeli Jean-Marc , Zwick Thomas , Freude Wolfgang , Koos Christian , Leuthold Juerg 
Published: May 2014

AbstractElectro-optic modulation at frequencies of 100 GHz and beyond is important for photonic-electronic signal processing at the highest speeds. To date, however, only a small number of devices exist that can operate up to this frequency. In this study, we demonstrate that this frequency range can be addressed by nanophotonic, silicon-based modulators. We exploit the ultrafast Pockels effect by using the silicon–organic hybrid (SOH) platform, which combines highly nonlinear organic molecules with silicon waveguides. Until now, the bandwidth of these devices was limited by the losses of the radiofrequency (RF) signal and the RC (resistor-capacitor) time constant of the silicon structure. The RF losses are overcome by using a device as short as 500 µm, and the RC time constant is decreased by using a highly conductive electron accumulation layer and an improved gate insulator. Using this method, we demonstrate for the first time an integrated silicon modulator with a 3dB bandwidth at an operating frequency beyond 100 GHz. Our results clearly indicate that the RC time constant is not a fundamental speed limitation of SOH devices at these frequencies. Our device has a voltage–length product of only VπL=11 V mm, which compares favorably with the best silicon-photonic modulators available today. Using cladding materials with stronger nonlinearities, the voltage–length product is expected to improve by more than an order of magnitude.
The Rite of Relocation: Social and Material Transformations in the Midwestern United States
Authors: Perry Tam Elisabeth 
Published: May 2014

AbstractConcerns of appropriate housing may arise in older adulthood. Some older adults may make life work in the place we call home; others take steps to voluntarily relocate in anticipation of health and other needs. While moving at any age can be challenging, moving from one's home in later life also represents multiple reflections: past, present, and future selves, control of one's space and relinquishing the care of one's space to another person or corporation, family support and family fissures, and the body's capacities and limitations. Moving is examined as a moment where regimes of value are negotiated through competing semiotic ideologies and at times social roles are transformed. Ethnographic fieldwork occurred from January 2009 to May 2012 in the Midwest United States. This paper presents experiences of relocation of material and social role transformation as older adults make this housing and, writ large, life transition.
Inbred mouse strains reveal biomarkers that are pro‐longevity, antilongevity or role switching
Authors: Moeller Mark , Hirose Misa , Mueller Sarah , Roolf Catrin , Baltrusch Simone , Ibrahim Saleh , Junghanss Christian , Wolkenhauer Olaf , Jaster Robert , Köhling Rüdiger , Kunz Manfred , Tiedge Markus , Schofield Paul N. , Fuellen Georg 
Published: May 2014

SummaryTraditionally, biomarkers of aging are classified as either pro‐longevity or antilongevity. Using longitudinal data sets from the large‐scale inbred mouse strain study at the Jackson Laboratory Nathan Shock Center, we describe a protocol to identify two kinds of biomarkers: those with prognostic implication for lifespan and those with longitudinal evidence. Our protocol also identifies biomarkers for which, at first sight, there is conflicting evidence. Conflict resolution is possible by postulating a role switch. In these cases, high biomarker values are, for example, antilongevity in early life and pro‐longevity in later life. Role‐switching biomarkers correspond to features that must, for example, be minimized early, but maximized later, for optimal longevity. The clear‐cut pro‐longevity biomarkers we found reflect anti‐inflammatory, anti‐immunosenescent or anti‐anaemic mechanisms, whereas clear‐cut antilongevity biomarkers reflect inflammatory mechanisms. Many highly significant blood biomarkers relate to immune system features, indicating a shift from adaptive to innate processes, whereas most role‐switching biomarkers relate to blood serum features and whole‐body phenotypes. Our biomarker classification approach is applicable to any combination of longitudinal studies with life expectancy data, and it provides insights beyond a simplified scheme of biomarkers for long or short lifespan.
Draft Genome Sequence of Potassium-Dependent Alkaliphilic
Bacillus
sp. Strain TS-2, Isolated from a Jumping Spider
Authors: Fujinami Shun , Takeda Kiyoko , Onodera Takefumi , Satoh Katsuya , Sano Motohiko , Narumi Issay , Ito Masahiro 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT

The potassium-dependent alkaliphilic
Bacillus
sp. strain TS-2 was isolated from the mashed extract of a jumping spider, and its draft genome sequence was obtained. Comparative genomic analysis with a previously sequenced sodium-dependent alkaliphilic
Bacillus
species may reveal potassium-dependent alkaline adaptation mechanisms.
Factor XII Regulates the Pathological Process of Thrombus Formation on Ruptured Plaques
Authors: Kuijpers Marijke J.E. , van der Meijden Paola E.J. , Feijge Marion A.H. , Mattheij Nadine J.A. , May Frauke , Govers-Riemslag José , Meijers Joost C.M. , Heemskerk Johan W.M. , Renné Thomas , Cosemans Judith M.E.M. 
Published: May 2014

Objective—
Atherothrombosis is the main cause of myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke. Although the extrinsic (tissue factor–factor VIIa [FVIIa]) pathway is considered as a major trigger of coagulation in atherothrombosis, the role of the intrinsic coagulation pathway via coagulation FXII herein is unknown. Here, we studied the roles of the extrinsic and intrinsic coagulation pathways in thrombus formation on atherosclerotic plaques both in vivo and ex vivo.

Approach and Results—

Plaque rupture after ultrasound treatment evoked immediate formation of subocclusive thrombi in the carotid arteries of
Apoe

−/−

mice, which became unstable in the presence of structurally different FXIIa inhibitors. In contrast, inhibition of FVIIa reduced thrombus size at a more initial stage without affecting embolization. Genetic deficiency in FXII (human and mouse) or FXI (mouse) reduced ex vivo whole-blood thrombus and fibrin formation on immobilized plaque homogenates. Localization studies by confocal microscopy indicated that FXIIa bound to thrombi and fibrin particularly in luminal-exposed thrombus areas.

Conclusions—
The FVIIa- and FXIIa-triggered coagulation pathways have distinct but complementary roles in atherothrombus formation. The tissue factor–FVIIa pathway contributes to initial thrombus buildup, whereas FXIIa bound to thrombi ensures thrombus stability.
Developing Subject Position of Learner�s Personality in the Framework of Higher Institution Educational System
Authors: ������  , Eremina I. , �����  , Karev B. 
Published: May 2014

The paper specifies a course of higher education system development, which is especially favorable for bringing up learners as free, creative and intellectually-
enriched individuals. The mission of conditioning and enhancing the said qualities in the vocational-education space of higher educational
institutions assumes that subject position of each learner should be developed. Personal subject position implies ability to set up and then meet certain
objectives (tasks).
To develop a learner�s personality as that of a subject the authors suggest the following steps: to comprehend the problem; to formulate a hypothesis;
to draw out an algorithm to resolve the hypothesis; to implement the elaborated algorithm in a step-by-step fashion, while keeping the minutes of
observations and acknowledging research findings; hypothesis testing. Pedagogic conditions, favorable to nurturing higher institution learners� subject
position are described.
Educational practice case studies are presented, to demonstrate pedagogical techniques of conditioning students� subject position. Outcomes of experimental
program, where students tried to master techniques and procedures of research activities, meant to enhance their creative potential (and
their subject position as well), are examined. Special characteristics are suggested for monitoring dynamics of development higher-institution students�
subject position.
Procedure for Arranging Educational Activities in the Context of the Federal Law «On Education in the Russian Federation» Enactment
Authors: Фёклин  , Feklin Sergey 
Published: May 2014

According to the Federal Law of December 29, 2012 № 273-FL «On Education in the Russian Federation» new procedures to regulate educational
activities arranging and conducting in accordance with educational programs of various levels and/or of various purposes or on correspondent type of
education, which are to be adopted by orders of the RF Ministry of Education and Science (hereinafter referred to as «procedures»), have come into effect
as from September 1, 2013. Standard provisions, which earlier regulated arranging and conducting educational activities by educational institutions of
various types and kinds, and the whole specter of other activities of these institutions, are gradually losing force.
When implementing new procedures, bodies of the RF executive authorities and local authorities, responsible for control and administration in the
sphere of education, as well as educational institutions and participants of educational relations may encounter considerable difficulties.
The author’s papers provide exhaustible and detailed answers to any questions, which may arose when implementing new procedures in the educational
sphere.
Challenges and Issues in Computer Aided Evaluation of Competences Maturity Degree of Graduating Students Focusing in Various Areas
Authors: Тигина  , Tigina Mariya 
Published: May 2014

The paper considers the concept of competences and how to develop these in the course of mastering academic disciplines at universities. The need for
automated procedure of evaluating degree of competences maturity is emphasized as well as related tasks to be resolved to elaborate such a procedure.
Also discussed are current methods of students’ knowledge evaluation, and automated evaluation systems, operating on the basis of these methods.
Health literacy and coronary heart disease: Implications for nurses
Authors: Kilonzo Brid , Hughes Michèle , O'Connell Rhona 
Published: May 2014

Health literacy is an issue that can have considerable impact on patients with self-management regimes that require medication adherence and lifestyle changes. Patients with lower levels of health literacy ask fewer questions and consequently are more prone to errors. This can have major consequences for the patient, family and health-care providers. This article provides a review of the key issues related to health literacy: how it is defined; the impact of health literacy on health outcomes; why it is a useful concept for cardiac nurses to be aware of and strategies nurses should consider to enhance patients’ health literacy. It is known that low levels of health literacy affect people's perception of their health. Poor health literacy affects all sectors of society. The tips included here could enhance cardiac nurses’ educative efforts, making each client ultimately more health-literate and efficient at self-care.
The existential significance of social support: patients’ experiences after MI
Authors: Delmar Charlotte , Jakobsen Christina , Forup Lisbeth , Pedersen Birthe D 
Published: May 2014

This article presents findings from a study focusing on how myocardial infarction (MI) patients undergoing rehabilitation in an outpatient clinic view the role of family relationships in their daily lives. With a relational, person-oriented perspective on patients’ suffering and coping, the aim is to explore the existential significance of social support. The project design is qualitative, inspired by Ricoeur's reflective phenomenological approach, involving a naïve reading, a structural analysis, and a critical interpretation. The study shows that the patients try to keep their worries to themselves and they avoid talking to their close family about everyday existential life phenomena such as anxiety, loneliness and the balance between security and insecurity. Achieving harmony after MI involves a balance between feeling safe and insecure in order to satisfy the needs of their close family. This places the cardiac nurse as a catalyst for existential communication between the patient and the close family.
The importance of structured history-taking for blackouts
Authors: Yaldren Jo , Wilson Claire , Robbins Lauren 
Published: May 2014

In clinical practice some patients who present as ‘collapse, ?cause’ will have had an episode of transient loss of consciousness (TLoC). This article will examine the terms used relating to TLoC (referred to in the article by the lay term ‘blackout’), and explore the rationale relating to comprehensive and systematic history taking in this patient group.Cardiac, neurological and psychogenic causes of blackout will also be considered.
Interventions to increase the uptake of cardiac rehabilitation: Systematic review
Authors: Dressler Corinna , Pattenden Jill , Atkin Karl , Lewin Robert J 
Published: May 2014

Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) can significantly reduce mortality and morbidity, yet many patients fail to attend. Aim: Evaluation of interventions designed to increase participation in CR with a secondary focus on under-represented groups. Methods: Systematic review of six electronic databases including randomised controlled trials. Results: Six studies were identified, four of which reported a significant increase in uptake. Two of these interventions used psychological theory-based letters, the third a liaison nurse, and the fourth used a social worker to encourage attendance. The other two studies used peer support or peer support in combination with a nurse. The latter targeted older, unpartnered adults and the study using social worker support targeted blue-collar workers. These were the only two studies addressing potentially under-represented groups. A lack of evidence in that area became apparent. Conclusion: Conclusions must be limited due to the small number of studies. While the effect of peer support is unclear, the impact of additional health-care professional support appears promising. The low cost and risk of adapting invitation letters in line with psychological theory and the considerable health gain of increased participation suggest that CR clinicians should not wait before investigating this method.
Nurses' perspectives on stroke care in London
Authors: Brooke Joanne , Walia Surinder 
Published: May 2014

Aim: This paper is a report of a study exploring nurses' perspectives on their developing roles in specialist stroke care in London. Method: Nine paired semi-structured interviews with nurses working across the stroke care pathway in London were completed in 2011, recorded and transcribed verbatim. The data were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Results: The emergent themes included receiving support from fellow nurses, good communication but minimal involvement with the multidisciplinary team, unclear career pathways, and a positive ethos among the nurses. The nurses' responses indicate that they remain passionate and caring. They expressed interest in being more closely involved with the decision-making process within the multidisciplinary team. Conclusion: An understanding of the complex nursing roles within the new London stroke care pathway has emerged. Clear pathways of progression from band 5 to band 6 are being developed.
Incontinence - Not just a problem of old age
Authors: Wells Mandy 
Published: May 2014

Incontinence is a major health care problem for the younger adult. This paper examines the prevalence of incontinence, particularly in the younger female. Community health nurses need to be proactive in their identification of incontinence problems, particularly in women following childbirth where the incidence of incontinence is particularly high. The use of pelvic floor re-education is discussed, and it is argued that studies relating to programmes such as this have suffered from a lack of rigor. It is therefore suggested that there is a need for well designed studies in the near future. It is shown that appropriately educated community health nurses can prove effective in developing continence programmes, despite there being a debate about the effectiveness of health promotion programmes.
Intravenous antibiotics for infected leg ulcers: a district nurses’ role?
Authors: Ashworth Christine J. 
Published: May 2014

Leg ulcers, particularly in the elderly, are a major health care problem for district nurses. This paper discusses the incidence of leg ulcers in the community, the cost to the National Health Service (NHS) and the cost to the clients affected. The rationale for systemic antibiotic usage in the treatment of infected ulcers is discussed prior to closer examination of the efficacy of antibiotics administered intravenously, rather than orally. This paper will consider both the potential for – and the administration of – intravenous (IV) antibiotics by the district nurse in the patient’s home.
The effects of policy changes on community nurses
Authors: Wallace Ann 
Published: May 2014

National Health Service (NHS) reforms have sought to refocus the purpose of health care by shifting the provision and commissioning of health services from the secondary to the primary care sector (Department of Health and Social Security (DHSS) 1987, the NHS and Community Care Act 1990, Department of Health (DoH) 1989, 1992a). However, short termism in policy making has tended to create health care policies which are often unconnected and divergent in their implications (Williams et al 1993, Salter 1994). As a result, community nurses are having to manage such contradictions in a general management structure where access to professional leadership is increasingly elusive (Kitching 1993). This paper explores some of the impact of these reforms on the organisation of patient care and examines the role of community nurses within a primary care led NHS.
Static magnets prevent leg ulcer recurrence: savings for the NHS?
Authors: Eccles Nyjon 
Published: May 2014

The objectives of this survey were to examine the effectiveness of a static magnet device – 4UlcerCare – in preventing recurrence of leg ulcers after healing. Two hundred and eighty-nine randomly selected purchasers of 4UlcerCare were telephoned and asked to complete a short questionnaire. Our focus was on the 211 respondents who had ulcers that had already healed. The average age of subjects was 70.6 years and sex distribution was 55% female to 45% male. Mean duration of leg ulcers before using 4UlcerCare was 4.4 years. Sixty-five per cent of those surveyed had had ulcer recurrence before using 4UlcerCare, with a mean of 2.41 episodes of ulceration. This was close to the expected recurrence rate in the population of 67%. Using 4UlcerCare daily, these respondents’ ulcers had healed within an average of 3.57 months. The survey took place an average of 19.94 months after healing. The manufacturers advise wearing 4UlcerCare daily post-healing, and of those respondents that had, none had suffered any recurrence. Extrapolating these results across the health economy, an estimate has been made of a potential £153.7 million per year saving on leg ulcer care to the NHS.
Ileoanal pouch dysfunction and the use of a Medena catheter following hospital discharge
Authors: Perry-Woodford Zarah L , McLaughlin Simon D 
Published: May 2014

With the advent of new surgical techniques to manage colorectal disease, the number of ileoanal pouch operations has amplified and therefore increased numbers of pouch patients are being discharged into the community setting. Community nurses will now encounter the ileoanal pouch patient and may be required to manage related complications. Restorative proctocolectomy with ileoanal pouch anastomosis (RPC) has become established as the gold standard operation for patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and selected patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). Using a reservoir constructed from small bowel as a substitute rectum is a medical triumph which in the majority of cases improves the quality of life for patients, not only by eradicating disease and preserving anal sphincter function but also by avoiding a permanent ileostomy. Recent investigation into the use of Medena catheterization for pouch dysfunction has found that it is tolerated in the long term and is associated with satisfactory quality of life in pouch patients with outflow obstruction.