bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The CRISPR/Cas9 system produces specific and homozygous targeted gene editing in rice in one generation
Authors: Zhang Hui , Zhang Jinshan , Wei Pengliang , Zhang Botao , Gou Feng , Feng Zhengyan , Mao Yanfei , Yang Lan , Zhang Heng , Xu Nanfei , Zhu Jian‐Kang 
Published: May 2014

SummaryThe CRISPR/Cas9 system has been demonstrated to efficiently induce targeted gene editing in a variety of organisms including plants. Recent work showed that CRISPR/Cas9‐induced gene mutations in Arabidopsis were mostly somatic mutations in the early generation, although some mutations could be stably inherited in later generations. However, it remains unclear whether this system will work similarly in crops such as rice. In this study, we tested in two rice subspecies 11 target genes for their amenability to CRISPR/Cas9‐induced editing and determined the patterns, specificity and heritability of the gene modifications. Analysis of the genotypes and frequency of edited genes in the first generation of transformed plants (T0) showed that the CRISPR/Cas9 system was highly efficient in rice, with target genes edited in nearly half of the transformed embryogenic cells before their first cell division. Homozygotes of edited target genes were readily found in T0 plants. The gene mutations were passed to the next generation (T1) following classic Mendelian law, without any detectable new mutation or reversion. Even with extensive searches including whole genome resequencing, we could not find any evidence of large‐scale off‐targeting in rice for any of the many targets tested in this study. By specifically sequencing the putative off‐target sites of a large number of T0 plants, low‐frequency mutations were found in only one off‐target site where the sequence had 1‐bp difference from the intended target. Overall, the data in this study point to the CRISPR/Cas9 system being a powerful tool in crop genome engineering.
Three‐year stability of cardiovascular and autonomic nervous system responses to psychological stress
Authors: Dragomir Anda I. , Gentile Christina , Nolan Robert P. , D'Antono Bianca 
Published: May 2014

AbstractChronically heightened physiological reactivity to or delayed recovery from stress may contribute to cardiovascular (CV) risk and mortality. Long‐term stability of physiological stress responses has received little attention. Our objectives were to evaluate the 3‐year stability of reactivity and recovery change scores across CV and autonomic parameters and assess whether sex and age moderate stability. A total of 134 healthy participants underwent two laboratory stress protocols, including four 5‐min interpersonal stressors, each followed by a 5‐min recovery period. Heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), and HR variability (high frequency, low frequency, very low frequency [VLF]) were obtained. Spearman rank correlations and linear regressions were performed. Significant correlations emerged for all physiological measures except diastolic BP and VLF recovery. No significant sex or age differences were found. Stress responses represent stable individual traits little affected by sex or age.
Genome Sequence of the Pathogenic FungusSporothrix schenckii(ATCC 58251)
Authors: Cuomo Christina A. , Rodriguez-Del Valle Nuri , Perez-Sanchez Lizaida , Abouelleil Amr , Goldberg Jonathan , Young Sarah , Zeng Qiandong , Birren Bruce W. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTSporothrix schenckiiis a pathogenic dimorphic fungus that grows as a yeast and as mycelia. This species is the causative agent of sporotrichosis, typically a skin infection. We report the genome sequence ofS. schenckii, which will facilitate the study of this fungus and of theSporothrix schenckiigroup.
Draft Genome Sequence of Streptococcus parauberis Strain SK-417, Isolated from Diseased
Sebastes ventricosus
in Kagoshima, Japan
Authors: Oguro Kazuki , Yamane Jin , Yamamoto Takeshi , Ohnishi Kouhei , Oshima Syun-ichirou , Imajoh Masayuki 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT

Streptococcus parauberis
strain SK-417 was isolated from the brain of a diseased
Sebastes ventricosus
, collected from an aquaculture farm in April 2013 in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan. The draft genome sequence, obtained with a 454 GS Junior sequencing system, consists of 33 large contigs of >500 bp, totaling 1,958,836 bp, and has a G+C content of 35.4%.
PROSPECTIV—a pilot trial of a nurse-led psychoeducational intervention delivered in primary care to prostate cancer survivors: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Watson Eila , Rose Peter , Frith Emma , Hamdy Freddie , Neal David , Kastner Christof , Russell Simon , Walter Fiona M , Faithfull Sara , Wolstenholme Jane , Perera Rafael , Weller David , Campbell Christine , Wilkinson Clare , Neal Richard , Sooriakumaran Prasanna , Butcher Hugh , Matthews Mike 
Published: May 2014

BackgroundProstate cancer survivors can experience physical, sexual, psychological and emotional problems, and there is evidence that current follow-up practices fail to meet these men's needs. Studies show that secondary and primary care physicians see a greater role for primary care in delivering follow-up, and that primary care-led follow-up is acceptable to men with prostate cancer.Methods and analysisA two-phase study with target population being men who are 9–24 months from diagnosis. Phase 1 questionnaire aims to recruit 300 men and measure prostate-related quality of life and unmet needs. Men experiencing problems with urinary, bowel, sexual or hormonal function will be eligible for phase 2, a pilot trial of a primary care nurse-led psychoeducational intervention. Consenting eligible participants will be randomised either to intervention plus usual care, or usual care alone (40 men in each arm). The intervention, based on a self-management approach, underpinned by Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory, will provide advice and support tailored to these men's needs and address any problems they are experiencing. Telephone follow-up will take place at 6 months. Study outcomes will be measured by a questionnaire at 7 months. Phase 1 will allow us to estimate the prevalence of urinary, sexual, bowel and hormone-related problems in prostate cancer survivors and the level of unmet needs. ‘Usual care’ will also be documented. Phase 2 will provide information on recruitment and retention, acceptability of the intervention/outcome measures, effect sizes of the intervention and cost-effectiveness data, which is required to inform development of a larger, phase 3 randomised controlled trial. The main outcome of interest is change in prostate-cancer-related quality of life. Methodological issues will also be addressed.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval has been gained (Oxford REC A 12/SC/0500). Findings will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals, at conferences, through user networks and relevant clinical groups.Trial registration numberISRCTN 97242511.
Factors predictive of subsequent injury in a longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Harcombe Helen , Derrett Sarah , Samaranayaka Ari , Davie Gabrielle , Wyeth Emma , Wilson Suzanne 
Published: May 2014

ObjectivesThe aims are to: (1) Determine the cumulative incidence of self-reported subsequent injury (of any anatomical site or injury type) occurring between 3 months and 12 months after a sentinel injury among participants in the Prospective Outcomes of Injury Study in New Zealand and (2) Examine the preinjury and injury-related predictors of subsequent injury.MethodsProspective Outcomes of Injury Study participants (n=2282) were interviewed 3 months, 5 months and 12 months after a sentinel injury event. Data were collected about a range of preinjury and injury-related factors at the 3-month interview and about subsequent injury at the 5-month and 12-month interviews. Poisson regression modelling was used to determine the preinjury and injury-related predictors of subsequent injury.ResultsBetween the 3-month and 12 month interviews 28% of the participants reported at least one subsequent injury. Subsequent injury was 34% more likely among participants with a prior injury affecting them at the time of the sentinel injury compared with participants without a prior injury affecting them, and more likely among non-workers (31% more likely) and trade/manual workers (32% more likely) compared with professionals. Participants whose sentinel injury was due to assault were 43% more likely to report a subsequent injury compared with those whose sentinel injury was accidental. A subsequent injury was 23% less likely if the sentinel injury was a lower extremity fracture compared with other injuries, and 21% less likely if the sentinel injury event involved hospitalisation.ConclusionsAmong general injury populations it may be possible to identify people at increased risk for subsequent injury.
Psychological outcomes following the Victorian Black Saturday bushfires
Authors: Bryant Richard A , Waters Elizabeth , Gibbs Lisa , Gallagher H Colin , Pattison Philippa , Lusher Dean , MacDougall Colin , Harms Louise , Block Karen , Snowdon Elyse , Sinnott Vikki , Ireton Greg , Richardson John , Forbes David 
Published: May 2014

Objective: We aimed to map the prevalence and predictors of psychological outcomes in affected communities 3–4 years after the Black Saturday bushfires in the state of Victoria, Australia. Methods: Baseline assessment of a longitudinal cohort study in high-, medium-, and low-affected communities in Victoria. Participants included 1017 residents of high-, medium-, and low-affected fire communities. Participants were surveyed by means of a telephone and web-based interview between December 2011 and January 2013. The survey included measures of fire-related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and general PTSD from other traumatic events, major depressive episode, alcohol use, and general psychological distress. Results: The majority of respondents in the high- (77.3%), medium- (81.3%), and low-affected (84.9%) communities reported no psychological distress on the K6 screening scale. More participants in the high-affected communities (15.6%) reported probable PTSD linked to the bushfires than medium- (7.2%) and low-affected (1.0%) communities (odds ratio (OR): 4.57, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.61–8.00, p = 0.000). Similar patterns were observed for depression (12.9%, 8.8%, 6.3%, respectively) (OR: 1.83, 95% CI: 1.17–2.85, p = 0.008) and severe psychological distress (9.8%, 5.0%, 4.9%, respectively) (OR: 2.08, 95% CI: 1.23–3.55, p = 0.007). All communities reported elevated rates of heavy drinking (24.7%, 18.7%, 19.6%, respectively); however, these were higher in the high-affected communities (OR: 1.39, 95% CI: 1.01–1.89, p = 0.04). Severe psychological distress was predicted by fear for one’s life in the bushfires, death of someone close to them in the bushfires, and subsequent stressors. One-third of those with severe psychological distress did not receive mental health assistance in the previous month. Conclusions: Several years following the Black Saturday bushfires the majority of affected people demonstrated resilience without indications of psychological distress. A significant minority of people in the high-affected communities reported persistent PTSD, depression, and psychological distress, indicating the need for promotion of the use of health and complementary services, community-based initiatives, and family and other informal supports, to target these persistent problems.
Repair of congenital heart defects associated with single pulmonary artery
Authors: Bockeria Leo A , Makhachev Osman A , Khiriev Titalav Kh , Podzolkov Vladimir P , Zelenikin Mikhail A , Kim Aleksey I , Zaets Sergey B 
Published: May 2014

Background Experience with complete repair of congenital heart defects associated with unilateral absence of a pulmonary artery is limited. The aim of this retrospective study was to present our surgical experience of this complex category of patients, to analyze immediate results of surgical interventions, and to suggest a rational surgical strategy. Methods Of 37 patients with a single pulmonary artery who underwent complete repair of associated heart defects, the left or right pulmonary artery was absent in 32 and 5, respectively. The most frequent heart defects were tetralogy of Fallot ( n = 25) and ventricular septal defect ( n = 8). The median age of these patients was 7.1 years. Preoperative examinations included echocardiography, cardiac catheterization and angiocardiography, with quantitative assessment of the single pulmonary artery. In-hospital parameters of surgical outcome were analyzed. Results Recorded hospital mortality was 2.7% (1/37). The single death was in a patient with tetralogy of Fallot, agenesis of the left pulmonary artery, and a small diameter of the contralateral pulmonary artery (Nakata index 174 mm2·m−2). The right-to-left ventricular systolic pressure ratio after complete tetralogy of Fallot repair in patients who survived the operation was 0.58 ± 0.11. Conclusions Complete repair of congenital heart defects in patients with unilateral absence of a pulmonary artery is associated with a relatively low risk. If the hilar artery is of adequate size, surgical intervention should attempt restoration of the communication between the disconnected hilar artery and the pulmonary trunk, in addition to repairing the heart defects.
The relationship between migraine and infant colic: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Gelfand Amy A , Goadsby Peter J , Allen I Elaine 
Published: May 2014

Context Infant colic is a common and distressing disorder of early infancy. Its etiology is unknown, making treatment challenging. Several articles have suggested a link to migraine. Objective The objective of this article was to perform a systematic review and, if appropriate, a meta-analysis of the studies on the relationship between infant colic and migraine. Data sources Studies were identified by searching PubMed and ScienceDirect and by hand-searching references and conference proceedings. Study selection For the primary analysis, studies specifically designed to measure the association between colic and migraine were included. For the secondary analysis, studies that collected data on colic and migraine but were designed for another primary research question were also included. Data extraction Data were abstracted from the original studies, through communication with study authors, or both. Two authors independently abstracted data. Main outcomes and measures The main outcome measure was the association between infant colic and migraine using both a fixed-effects model and a more conservative random-effects model. Results Three studies were included in the primary analysis; the odds ratio for the association between migraine and infant colic was 6.5 (4.6–8.9, p < 0.001) for the fixed-effects model and 5.6 (3.3–9.5, p = 0.004) for the random-effects model. In a sensitivity analysis wherein the study with the largest effect size was removed, the odds ratio was 3.6 (95% CI 1.7–7.6, p = 0.001) for both the fixed-effects model and random-effects model. Conclusions In this meta-analysis, infant colic was associated with increased odds of migraine. If infant colic is a migrainous disorder, this would have important implications for treatment. The main limitation of this meta-analysis was the relatively small number of studies included.
Proton pump inhibitor-related headaches: A nationwide population-based case-crossover study in Taiwan
Authors: Liang Jen-Feng , Chen Yung-Tai , Fuh Jong-Ling , Li Szu-Yuan , Chen Tzeng-Ji , Tang Chao-Hsiun , Wang Shuu-Jiun 
Published: May 2014

Background Headaches resulting from proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use could cause discontinuation of PPI in as many as 40% of patients who experience such headaches. Previous studies focusing on acute headache risk from PPI use are rare and limited to clinical trials of a single PPI. Objectives To investigate the association between PPI use and headache with a nationwide population-based case-crossover study. Methods Records containing the first diagnosis of any headache, including migraine and tension-type headaches, were retrieved from Taiwan National Health Insurance Database (1998–2010). We compared the rates of PPI use for cases and controls during time windows of 7, 14, and 28 days. The adjusted self-matched odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) from a conditional logistic regression model were used to determine the association between PPI use and headache. Results Overall, 314,210 patients with an initial diagnosis of any headache during the study period were enrolled. The adjusted ORs for headache risk after PPI exposure were calculated for three time periods (within 7 days = 1.41, p = 0.002, 95% CI 1.14–1.74; within 14 days = 1.36, p < 0.001, 95% CI 1.16–1.59; within 28 days = 1.20, p = 0.002, 95% CI 1.07–1.35). Subgroup analyses showed female patients had an increased risk of headache. Among PPIs, lansoprazole and esomeprazole had the highest risks of headache incidence, which were similar to that of nitrates. Conclusion PPI usage is associated with an increased risk for acute headache. Female patients and use of lansoprazole or esomeprazole present the greatest risks of headache.
Cytotoxicity of low-shrink composites with new monomer technology on bovine dental pulp-derived cells
Authors: Yalcin M , Ahmetoglu F , Sisman R , Bozkurt BS , Hakki SS 
Published: May 2014

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of four low-shrink composites with new monomer technology on the bovine dental pulp-derived cells (bDPCs). Materials and methods: Ten samples were prepared for each group composites, and the samples were immersed in 7 mL of culture medium for 72 h at 37°C to extract residual monomer or cytotoxic substances. The culture medium containing the material extracts was sterile filtered for use on the cell cultures. Materials were incubated in medium with serum for 72 h. bDPCs were maintained in a medium with serum. A real-time cell analyzer was used to evaluate cell survival. After seeding 200 mL of the cell suspensions into the wells (10,000 cells/well) of the E-plate 96, bDPCs were treated with bioactive components released by the composite materials (1:1 and 1:2 dilutions) and monitored every 15 min for 50 h. Results: According to analysis of variance, there were significant differences between the cell indexes of the control and GC kalore ( p < 0.05) and Bisco Reflexions ( p < 0.001) groups for the 1:1 dilutions at 25 h. When evaluated at 50 h, 1:1 dilutions of GC Kalore ( p < 0.01) and Bisco Reflexions ( p < 0.001) reduced cell survival significantly. Conclusions: Although composites resins are being advanced, their cytotoxic effects have been proceeding till this time. However, two of the four materials tested significantly reduced cell viability when compared with control. Clinical relevance: Research should focus on the cytotoxicity of composites in addition to their mechanical properties.
Needs Assessments of Memory Disorder Patients
Authors: Bowen Kate J. , Gonzalez Elizabeth W. , Edwards Carolyn Y. , Lippa Carol F. 
Published: May 2014

Background: Previous research shows that informal caregivers of individuals with a memory disorder experience financial strain, declining physical health, and psychological distress. Various resources and services have been developed to address and/or prevent these potential outcomes, yet caregivers continue to be negatively affected by the demands of caregiving. We hypothesize that better identification and clarification of concrete patient and caregiver needs will aid in the modification and improvement of the available resources. The purpose of this study is to determine the psychosocial needs of the cognitively impaired population and their caregivers. Methods: A one-page Needs Assessment was created to address areas of potential concern for the individual with a memory disorder and the caregiver. This assessment was administered during visits to an outpatient clinic in Philadelphia. Results: A total of 204 Needs Assessments were collected. The significant needs found in our study cohort include sleep, exercise, clinical trials, education, and assistance with ADLs and IADLs. Conclusions: This study satisfied the initial identification of caregiver and patient needs; now each must be explored further to determine how to successfully meet such needs. If the primary needs of the patient can be met by a focused service, the caregiver will no longer be the sole provider of meeting the specific need. This will decrease the involved role of the caregiver, maximize patient homecare, minimize caregiver stress, and increase the quality of life for both the patient and caregiver.
The effect of foot orthoses and in‐shoe wedges during cycling: a systematic review
Authors: Yeo Boon K , Bonanno Daniel R 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe use of foot orthoses and in‐shoe wedges in cycling are largely based on theoretical benefits and anecdotal evidence. This review aimed to systematically collect all published research on this topic, critically evaluate the methods and summarise the findings.MethodsStudy inclusion criteria were: all empirical studies that evaluated the effects of foot orthoses or in‐shoe wedges on cycling; outcome measures that investigated physiological parameters, kinematics and kinetics of the lower limb, and power; and, published in English. Studies were located by data‐base searching (Medline, CINAHL, Embase and SPORTDiscus) and hand‐searching in February 2014. Selected studies were assessed for methodological quality using a modified Quality Index. Data were synthesised descriptively. Meta‐analysis was not performed as the included studies were not sufficiently homogeneous to provide a meaningful summary.ResultsSix studies were identified as meeting the eligibility criteria. All studies were laboratory‐based and used a repeated measures design. The quality of the studies varied, with Quality Index scores ranging from 7 to 10 out of 14. Five studies investigated foot orthoses and one studied in‐shoe wedges. Foot orthoses were found to increase contact area in the midfoot, peak pressures under the hallux and were perceived to provide better arch support, compared to a control. With respect to physiological parameters, contrasting findings have been reported regarding the effect foot orthoses have on oxygen consumption. Further, foot orthoses have been shown to not provide effects on lower limb kinematics and perceived comfort. Both foot orthoses and in‐shoe wedges have been shown to provide no effect on power.ConclusionIn general, there is limited high‐quality research on the effects foot orthoses and in‐shoe wedges provide during cycling. At present, there is some evidence that during cycling foot orthoses: increase contact area under the foot and increase plantar pressures under the hallux, but provide no gains in power. Based on available evidence, no definitive conclusions can be made about the effects foot orthoses have on lower limb kinematics and oxygen consumption, and the effect in‐shoe wedges have on power during cycling. Future well‐designed studies on this topic are warranted.