bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Entropy‐based hybrid sampling (EHS) method to handle class overlap in highly imbalanced dataset
Authors: Kumar Anil , Singh Dinesh , Yadav Rama Shankar 
Published: July 2024

AbstractClass imbalance and class overlap create difficulties in the training phase of the standard machine learning algorithm. Its performance is not well in minority classes, especially when there is a high class imbalance and significant class overlap. Recently it has been observed by researchers that, the joint effects of class overlap and imbalance are more harmful as compared to their direct impact. To handle these problems, many methods have been proposed by researchers in past years that can be broadly categorized as data‐level, algorithm‐level, ensemble learning, and hybrid methods. Existing data‐level methods often suffer from problems like information loss and overfitting. To overcome these problems, we introduce a novel entropy‐based hybrid sampling (EHS) method to handle class overlap in highly imbalanced datasets. The EHS eliminates less informative majority instances from the overlap region during the undersampling phase and regenerates high informative synthetic minority instances in the oversampling phase near the borderline. The proposed EHS achieved significant improvement in F1‐score, G‐mean, and AUC performance metrics value by DT, NB, and SVM classifiers as compared to well‐established state‐of‐the‐art methods. Classifiers performances are tested on 28 datasets with extreme ranges in imbalance and overlap.
Effect of Li2O on the structure and properties of low‐boron aluminosilicate fiber glasses from molecular dynamics simulations and quantitative structure–property relationship analysis
Authors: Xie Wenqing , Li Hong , Neuville Daniel R. , Du Jincheng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMixed alkaline earth (MgO, CaO) aluminosilicate glass fibers (MCAS) with and without boron are commonly used as reinforcements in plastic composites, and the fundamental understanding of the thermal and mechanical properties is essential to the design of new glass compositions to satisfy the growing demands in applications from renewable energy to lightweight structural components. In this work, a series of Li2O containing low‐boron MCAS fiber glasses have been studied by using molecular dynamic (MD) simulations with recently developed effective partial charge composition dependent boron potentials. Structural characteristics, such as pair distribution function, bond angle distribution, and neutron/X‐ray diffraction structure factors, were calculated, as well as properties such as elastic moduli and vibrational density of states. The addition of Li2O was found to improve the elastic moduli of the fiber glasses in excellent agreement with experimental results we reported earlier. The simulation results showed that the weakened network connectivity and decrease of tri‐/bridging oxygen have positively affected the lowering of liquid temperature, owing to the transformation to more boron Q2 and silicon/aluminon Q3. It is found that higher oxygen packing density, coordinated aluminum/boron species such as [AlO5] and [BO4] units, larger‐membered oxide rings, and intensified connections of [AlOx] and [SiO4] are the main reasons that lead to improved mechanical properties. MD‐based quantitative structure–property relationship analyses were performed and showed excellent correlations to measured properties, indicating that it is a promising approach to understand glass properties and design new glass compositions for functional applications.
Profiles of parental coping with paediatric cancer and their associations with parental illness adaptation
Authors: Golfenshtein Nadya , Barakat Lamia , Lisanti Amy J. , Ash Shifra 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimsTo identify profiles of coping in parents of children with cancer and their underlying factors and to examine which profile(s) are associated with illness adaptation.DesignA cross‐sectional study utilizing surveys among parents of children with cancer (n = 89).MethodsQuestionnaires included socio‐demographics, ways of coping, parenting stress, depression, post‐traumatic symptoms, illness adjustment and quality of life. Parental coping profiles were identified via latent profile analysis. Logistic multinomial regression was used to identify predictors of coping profiles. Adaptation outcomes were compared across the coping profiles via multivariable analyses of variance with Bonferroni adjustments.ResultsFive profiles were identified: The ‘Strong Repertoire’ used coping strategies moderate to high degree, with a positive‐active orientation; The ‘Moderate‐Activist’ used a similar pattern, rather more moderately; The ‘Self‐Regulator’ used self‐content strategies; The ‘Mild‐Engager’ used active‐engaging strategies; The ‘Avoidant Coper’ used avoidant‐passive strategies. Parental stress predicted coping profiles, so that parents experiencing greater stress utilized the ‘Avoidant Coper’ to a greater degree. Group comparisons revealed that ‘Avoidant‐Copers’ had more depressive and post‐traumatic symptoms, worse illness adjustment and lower quality of life.ConclusionsPassive‐avoidant mechanisms of coping may be maladaptive in terms of parental cancer adaptation and indicative of lower resilience.ImpactFindings can direct clinicians to promote familial resilience by adapting policy and practice to meet familial needs.Patient or Public ContributionNot applicable.
European Solidarity Takes the Field: The Dimensional Structure of Political Competition in the European Union After the Polycrisis
Authors: Visconti Francesco , Pellegata Alessandro 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMost studies investigating the dimensionality of political space in Europe demonstrate that European Union (EU)‐related issues are orthogonal to the economic left–right dimension. This literature usually employs survey items tapping into general support for the EU. However, the multiple crises that hit Europe after 2008 have polarized even Europhile voters on the more specific issue of European solidarity. This article aims to investigate how voters' attitudes towards European solidarity interplay with their position on the left–right and European integration dimensions, as well as specific economic and cultural issues. Empirical analyses employ original survey data collected in 2019 in 10 EU countries. Results partially support the expectations of regional differences in the dimensionality of the political space, with European solidarity more strongly associated with left–right, EU integration and immigration in Northern EU member states than in Eastern and Southern countries, in which voters are more likely to support solidarity notwithstanding their general political orientations.
Plasma cell‐directed therapies induce profound clinical and durable responses in patients with severe or relapsed/refractory scleromyxedema
Authors: Theves F. , Lahuna C. , Mahévas T. , Harel S. , Royer B. , Lemiale V. , Brignier A. , Parquet N. , Jachiet M. , Bouaziz J.‐D. , Elessa D. , Arnulf B. , Talbot A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundScleromyxedema (SM) is a rare skin disorder related to monoclonal gammopathy. High dose intravenous immunoglobulins (HDIVIg) are usually used as a frontline therapy with initial efficacy. However, some patients evolve with relapse, refractory state or severe extra‐cutaneous complications such as dermato‐neuro syndrome (DNS) or cardiac involvement.The objective of the study is to evaluate the use of anti‐plasma cell treatment in these patients in order to obtain a deep and durable dermatological and haematological response.MethodsWe report here eight patients treated with HDIVIg together with anti‐plasma cell therapy including: lenalidomide and dexamethasone (n = 5); bortezomib, cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone (n = 1); daratumumab, lenalidomide and dexamethasone (n = 2).ResultsCombination of HDIVIg with a treatment targeting the monoclonal component led to a high level of haematological remission and drastically improved skin response with an acceptable safety profile in all patients. Moreover, HDIVIg was reduced and stopped in 4 of the 7 patients who achieved complete remission.ConclusionsThe association of lenalidomide and dexamethasone with HDIVIg could improve the treatment of relapsed or severe SM.
Temporal trends and regional variations in operative vaginal deliveries in Japan: A national representative cohort study
Authors: Sugai Shunya , Mori Yutaro , Yamawaki Kaoru , Shima Eiri , Matsushita Mitsuru , Yoshihara Kosuke , Nishijima Koji 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimTo analyze temporal trends and regional variations in operative vaginal delivery (OVD) in Japan.MethodsUsing the National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan from 2014 to 2021, we identified the numbers of vacuum and forceps deliveries. We analyzed annual totals and proportions of OVDs and calculated the mean age of women undergoing these deliveries. We also predicted trends in OVD for the next 20 years and compared geographical differences in the proportions of forceps deliveries among OVDs.ResultsDuring the observation period, out of 7 368 814 total births, 8.4% were through OVD, including 7.6% by vacuum and 0.8% by forceps. Both delivery methods showed an increasing trend from 2014 to 2021: vacuum deliveries rose from 7.0% to 8.7%, and forceps deliveries increased from 0.6% to 1.0%. Notably, the proportion of forceps deliveries in OVD increased from 8.1% to 10.5%. The mean age was higher for forceps deliveries than vacuum deliveries. According to our predictions, vacuum deliveries may continue to increase, but forceps deliveries may stabilize. The proportion of forceps deliveries among OVDs ranged from 0% to 38% across Japanese prefectures.ConclusionsThis study shows an increase in the use of OVD in Japan from 2014 to 2021. There are large regional differences in the choice between vacuum and forceps deliveries. These findings can help us understand the practice of OVD in Japan.
Genetic diversity and population structure of grapevine Roditis leaf discoloration‐associated virus in Turkey vineyards
Authors: Ulubaş‐Serçe Ç. , Aydınlık S. , Öztürk Z. N. , Önder S. , Çiftçi O. , Altan B. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGrapevine Roditis leaf discoloration‐associated virus (GRLDaV) is a type of virus that infects grapevines. This research aimed to determine the prevalence of GRLDaV in Turkey vineyards and investigate the genetic diversity and population structure of the selected viral isolates from Turkey compared to isolates from other countries. In this study, 800 shoot samples from Turkey vineyards were collected in late spring and autumn from different regions. The samples were analysed by RT‐PCR targeting the partial RNaseH‐like gene region of the virus genome. The overall prevalence of GRLDaV was 8.1% among the samples. Phylogenetic analysis of the GRLDaV genome showed that the GRLDaV isolates were clustered into two major lineages. The nucleotide diversity (π) value of Group I, including only Mediterranean isolates, was lower than Group II, suggesting little variation among isolates. Even though π values were low among the geographical regions in Turkey, the region with the highest nucleotide diversity was the Aegean population, followed by the Eastern and Mediterranean populations. Comparison between nonsynonymous and synonymous substitutions showed that negative selection acts on synonymous amino acids. Along with neutrality tests and gene flow analyses, it was emphasized that genetic drift played an important role in shaping the GRLDaV populations. This study provides important information on the prevalence and genetic diversity of GRLDaV in Turkey vineyards. The findings will help to develop better strategies to manage and control this virus, which can cause significant economic losses in grape industries.
Proteolytic activity of surface‐exposed HtrA determines its expression level and is needed to survive acidic conditions in Clostridioides difficile
Authors: Corver Jeroen , Claushuis Bart , Shamorkina Tatiana M. , de Ru Arnoud H. , van Leeuwen Merle M. , Hensbergen Paul J. , Smits Wiep Klaas 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTo survive in the host, pathogenic bacteria need to be able to react to the unfavorable conditions that they encounter, like low pH, elevated temperatures, antimicrobial peptides and many more. These conditions may lead to unfolding of envelope proteins and this may be lethal. One of the mechanisms through which bacteria are able to survive these conditions is through the protease/foldase activity of the high temperature requirement A (HtrA) protein. The gut pathogen Clostridioides difficile encodes one HtrA homolog that is predicted to contain a membrane anchor and a single PDZ domain. The function of HtrA in C. difficile is hitherto unknown but previous work has shown that an insertional mutant of htrA displayed elevated toxin levels, less sporulation and decreased binding to target cells. Here, we show that HtrA is membrane associated and localized on the surface of C. difficile and characterize the requirements for proteolytic activity of recombinant soluble HtrA. In addition, we show that the level of HtrA in the bacteria heavily depends on its proteolytic activity. Finally, we show that proteolytic activity of HtrA is required for survival under acidic conditions.
Examining the objectives of ethnic parties: A comprehensive analysis of the dynamics of ethnic party competition beyond the constraints of the outbidding model
Authors: Tarkhani Soran 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study scrutinises the core assumptions of Donald Horowitz's outbidding model, which defines ethnic party competition as a rivalry between extremist groups focussed solely on ethnic politics, deeming other socio‐economic issues insufficient for voter mobilisation and electoral success (Horowitz, 1985). Through a comprehensive analysis of ethnic parties in Iraqi Kurdistan, this study demonstrates how these parties extend their focus beyond ethnic concerns to include broader administrative matters, such as social and economic issues within the local governance framework. Utilising content analysis of Kurdish newspapers and a comparative perspective, this study challenges the prevailing notion of ethnic outbidding, revealing the multifaceted strategies employed by Kurdish parties.
Understanding time to peak effect of propofol as sole agent on bispectral index in children aged 2–12 years
Authors: Gavel Gil , Koch Gilbert , Terrier Axel , Atkinson Andrew , Pfister Marc , Erb Thomas 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe pharmacodynamics of propofol in children have previously been described with the proprietary bispectral index (BIS) as an effect‐site marker, and it has been suggested that the rate of onset of propofol might be age dependent, that is, a shorter time to peak effect in younger children. However, these analyses were potentially confounded by co‐administered drugs, in particular opioids and benzodiazepines. Thus, the goal of this prospective study was to characterize the influence of age and weight on the onset of hypnotic effects from propofol, reflected by the time to peak of propofol effect‐site concentration in the absence of additional drugs.MethodsA total of 46 healthy children aged 2–12 years presenting for elective surgery were included in our observational cohort study. Solely propofol was administered via a target‐controlled infusion pump programmed with the Paedfusor pharmacokinetic model. The BIS and infusion pump data were recorded. The effect of an induction “bolus” was recorded having stopped the pump once a propofol plasma target concentration of 7 μg.mL−1 was achieved. A direct‐response and an indirect‐response model in the context of nonlinear mixed‐effects modeling was used to characterize and compare BIS data in children aged 2–6 years and older children aged 8–12 years.ResultsTime to peak of propofol effect‐site concentration had a difference (p‐value <.01) for age and weight, that is 84 [74, 96] (median [IQR] secs for children aged 2–6 years vs. 99 [91, 113] secs for children aged 8–12 years and 82 [71, 95] secs for weight 11–25 kg vs. 99 [91, 114] secs for weight 30–63 kg). The plasma effect‐site equilibration rate constant for propofol had a heterogeneous distribution with a median of 2.36 (IQR: 2.05–2.93; range: 0.83–7.31) per minute but showed a weight‐dependent effect in patients with weight below 45 kg.ConclusionsIn children, the age and weight have an influence on time to peak effect of propofol. In the absence of opioids and benzodiazepines, time to peak effect was approximately 20% longer in children aged 8–12 years as compared to younger children. Such clinically relevant age and weight effects are an important consideration in the individualized titration of propofol dosing.
Integrating dynamic psychophysiological indices across time and contexts: Elucidating mechanisms, risk markers, and intervention targets
Authors: Stange Jonathan P. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWhy should researchers measure psychophysiological processes repeatedly over time? The study of psychophysiology inherently involves sampling biological processes as they manifest over time. The most common approach is to use a brief sample to make conclusions about how individuals or groups differ. Although these types of between‐subject comparisons have utility for understanding individual and group differences, many of the important conceptual questions in the field involve processes that are dynamic, varying within individuals over time. Using examples from the literature on affect regulation, this conceptual review contrasts three types of study designs: the classic single‐observation design and the aggregated and temporally linked repeated observation designs, which have great promise for measuring variables that fluctuate dynamically over time. Importantly, these designs can be integrated to elucidate research questions about risk (when and for whom will the likelihood of an unwanted outcome occurring increase?), mechanisms (how and why does a change in psychophysiology contribute to a change in another process of interest?), and interventions (how and when should interventions take place to modify an outcome?). Researchers are encouraged to implement intensive sampling in their research, which can be conducted in traditional laboratory settings (e.g., fMRI, event‐related brain potentials, and heart rate variability) and in ecologically valid contexts in everyday life using ambulatory assessment.
Why do some academic articles receive more citations from policy communities?
Authors: Ma Ji , Cheng Yuan (Daniel) 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe (1) present the landscape of the citations of Public Administration and Policy (PAP) scholarly articles in policy documents and (2) examine influencing factors along three dimensions: collaborative teams, cross‐disciplinary interactions, and disruptive paradigms. Using data from the 30 most‐cited PAP peer‐reviewed journals and 38,062 documents from 1107 policy institutions, we find that 10.1% of all PAP scholarship receives high citations from both academics and policy communities. Collaborative teams, cross‐disciplinary interactions, and disruptive paradigms can all increase the citations within policy communities, yet the relationships are not linear. Nonacademic authors can consistently attract more policy citations, whether publishing alone or collaborating with academics. An article should ideally cite no more than 13 disciplinary subjects. No significant trade‐off between scholarly and policy impact as scholarly citations and the academic reputation of authors often translate into policy citations. These findings offer novel and concrete insights into optimizing academic research for policy impact.
Depositional environments of complex lake systems – palaeogeographical evolution and main controls: A case study of the Lower to Middle Permian Roseneath–Epsilon–Murteree strata, Cooper Basin, Australia
Authors: Guo Fengtao , McCabe Peter , Feng Zhiqiang , Zhang Zhongmin , Peng Weilong 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTLake systems are among the largest integrated depositional complexes in the continental realm. Their interplay with tectonics and climate often complicates the interpretation of depositional processes, usually resulting in a complex facies architecture that is challenging to correlate regionally. The Lower to Middle Permian Roseneath–Epsilon–Murteree strata of the Cooper Basin in Australia represent a glacially influenced fluvial–deltaic lake system, which hosts substantial petroleum resources. Despite their potential, the Roseneath–Epsilon–Murteree strata are inadequately understood in terms of regional facies architecture and their palaeogeographical implications. Using a multidisciplinary approach with robust data, including cores, petrology, wireline logs and geochemistry, the sedimentary evolution of the Roseneath–Epsilon–Murteree strata is described within a new basin‐wide sequence stratigraphic framework defined by key surfaces identified from cores and wireline logs. Detailed facies analysis of over 1400 m of cores and wireline logs from nine wells identified twelve lithofacies and eight facies associations, revealing various depositional processes and environments. The Roseneath–Epsilon–Murteree strata are interpreted as having formed in a fluvial–deltaic–lacustrine system influenced by a cold climate. First‐order and second‐order maximum flooding surfaces define a regional sequence stratigraphic framework, subdividing the Roseneath–Epsilon–Murteree strata into four sequence units (SU1, SU2, SU3 and SU4), deposited during four phases (I, II, III and IV). Cyclic stacking patterns observed in both cores and wireline logs reveal two transgressive–regressive cycles. Palaeogeographical maps of the four depositional phases suggest that the Roseneath–Epsilon–Murteree strata were dominated by a lacustrine system with some delta and mire deposits. Rivers primarily drained towards the south/south‐west from the Gidgealpa, Merrimelia, Packsaddle and Innamincka ridges (‘GMI Trend’) as indicated by decreasing sandstone percentages and increasing gross unit isopach maps. The deposition of the Roseneath–Epsilon–Murteree strata was primarily controlled by basin subsidence. Additionally, palaeoclimate trends and extensive glaciation in the Permian played important roles in providing sediments and affecting lake level changes. The lake system recorded by the Roseneath–Epsilon–Murteree strata serves as an analogue for other fluvial–deltaic–lacustrine systems in basins worldwide. A multidisciplinary approach, similar to the one utilized in this study, can help to elucidate their evolution and aid in resource prediction.