bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bio‐based polymer nanocomposites based on layered silicates having a reactive and renewable intercalant
Authors: Albayrak Özlem , Şen Sinan , Çaylı Gökhan , Ortaç Bülend 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTSoybean oil‐based polymer nanocomposites were synthesized from acrylated epoxidized soybean oil (AESO) combined with styrene monomer and montmorillonite (MMT) clay by using in situ free radical polymerization reaction. Special attention was paid to the modification of MMT clay, which was carried out by methacryl‐functionalized and quaternized derivative of methyl oleate intercalant. It was synthesized from olive oil triglyceride, as a renewable intercalant. The resultant nanocomposites were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The effect of increased nanofiller loading in thermal and mechanical properties of the nanocomposites was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The nanocomposites exhibited improved thermal and dynamic mechanical properties compared with neat acrylated epoxidized soybean oil based polymer matrix. The desired exfoliated nanocomposite structure was achieved when the OrgMMT loading was 1 and 2 wt % whereas partially exfoliated nanocomposite was obtained in 3 wt % loading. It was found that about 400 and 500% increments in storage modulus at glass transition and rubbery regions, respectively were achieved at 2 wt % clay loading compared to neat polymer matrix while the lowest thermal degradation rate was gained by introducing 3 wt % clay loading. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 2031–2041, 2013
Improved chemical resistance of ink‐jet printed micropatterns on glass by using dual‐functional compositions
Authors: Chang Chi‐Jung , Tsai Hsin‐Yu , Hsieh Chih‐Chiao , Chiu Wei‐Yun 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTUV curable and UV/moisture dual‐functional oligomers were synthesized by grafting trimethoxysilane and methacrylate segments on the polyimide oligomer chains. These oligomers and a dual‐functional monomer were used as ink compositions to enhance the chemical resistance of ink‐jet printed LCD color filter micropatterns, without sacrificing jetting performance. The molecular structure and molecular weight of the oligomers were altered to adjust the solubility of oligomer in monomers, together with jetting trajectory, drop size uniformity, and deposition accuracy of the ink‐jet inks. The chemical resistance, optical property, and mechanical property of the printed patterns depend on the oligomer structure, the arrangement of trimethoxysilane groups, and the molecular chain length. Straight lines and uniform dot arrays with excellent chemical resistance can be achieved. Dot patterns made of polymer‐silica hybrid materials and pigments remain unchanged after being immersed in γ‐butyrolactone for 200 min. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 2049–2055, 2013
Stearic acid as coupling agent in fly ash reinforced recycled polypropylene matrix composites: Structural, mechanical, and thermal characterizations
Authors: Sengupta Shubhalakshmi , Maity Pulakesh , Ray Dipa , Mukhopadhyay Aniruddha 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTTwo industrial wastes, fly ash (FA) and recycled polypropylene (RPP) were used to prepare a value‐added, sustainable, low cost composite material. Improving the interfacial interaction between the hydrophobic RPP matrix and the hydrophilic FA particles is important to get a good combination of properties. In order to tailor the interface, stearic acid was used as the coupling agent. The FA particles were coated with a saturated fatty acid, stearic acid (SA), in different weight % like 1, 2, 3, and 5. The SA coated fly ash particles were incorporated as filler in RPP matrix composites by melt mixing in 1 : 1 weight ratio. The composites were tested for their flexural properties, impact behavior, dynamic mechanical properties, fracture surface analysis, X‐ray diffraction (XRD) study, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). An increase in flexural modulus and impact strength was observed in the stearic acid coated FA/RPP composites. In 1 wt % SA treated FA/RPP (RFASA1) composites, a significant increase in glass transition temperature was observed along with an increase in crystallinity. A green, renewable, inexpensive chemical like stearic acid was thus found to be an effective coupling agent in fabrication of a composite with 50 wt % filler loading. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 1996–2004, 2013
Fabrication of vertically aligned ferroelectric polyvinylidene fluoride mesoscale rod arrays
Authors: Kim Dongjin , Hong Seungbum , Hong Jongin , Choi Yoon‐Young , Kim Jiyoon , Park Moonkyu , Sung Tae‐hyun , No Kwangsoo 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTWe have fabricated vertically aligned ferroelectric PVDF mesoscale rod arrays comprising β and γ phases using a 200 nm diameter anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) as the porous template. We could synthesize the ferroelectric phase in mesoscale rod forms by combining the well‐established recipe for crystallizing the β phase using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at low temperature and template‐guided infiltration processing for the rods using AAO. We measured the dimensions of the PVDF rods by scanning electron microscopy and identified the polymorph phases by X‐ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The length of the rods varied from 3.82 μm to 1.09 μm and the diameter from 232 nm to 287 nm when the volume ratio between DMSO and acetone changed from 5 : 5 to 10 : 0. We obtained well‐defined piezoresponse hysteresis loops for all rods with remnant piezoresponse ranging from 2.12 pm/V to 5.04 pm/V and coercive voltage ranging from 2.29 V to 2.71 V using piezoresponse force microscopy. Our results serve as a processing platform for flexible electronic devices that need high capacitance and piezoelectric functionalities such as flexible memory devices or body energy harvesting devices for intelligent systems. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 3842–3848, 2013
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 4‐Arylphthalazones Bearing Benzenesulfonamide as Anti‐Inflammatory and Anti‐Cancer Agents
Authors: Yaseen Shafiya , Ovais Syed , Bashir Rafia , Rathore Pooja , Samim Mohammed , Singh Surender , Nair Vinod , Javed Kalim 
Published: May 2013

AbstractNine 4‐arylphthalazones bearing benzenesulfonamide (2a–i) were synthesized by the condensation of the appropriate 2‐aroylbenzoic acid (1a–i) and 4‐hydrazinobenzenesulfonamide in ethanol. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and MS spectroscopy. Two compounds, 2b and 2i, showed significant anti‐inflammatory activity comparable to that of the standard drug celecoxib in the carrageenan‐induced rat paw edema model. These compounds (2b and 2i) had selective inhibitory activity towards the COX‐2 enzyme. Compound 2b had a better selectivity ratio (COX‐1/COX‐2) compared to that of celecoxib and can be used as a novel template for the design of selective COX‐2 inhibitors. Compounds 2d and 2i were screened for their antiproliferative activity toward 60 human cancer cell lines by the National Cancer Institute (USA). The compounds 2d and 2i displayed mild activity toward the renal cancer cell line UO‐31.
2D Transfer Function Modeling of Thermoacoustic Vibration Engines with Boundary Heat‐Flux Control
Authors: Hong Boe‐Shong , Chou Chia‐Yu , Lin Tsu‐Yu 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIn this paper we design a controllable type of thermoacoustic engine and model its process of energy transfer. In modeling, the conservation of thermoacoustic storage is formulated to determine engine cycles, capable of quantifying the effects of working gas and temperature on the power ratings, as well as shaping the engine chamber adaptable to mechatronic load in power transmission. Moreover, this conservation law can be applied to identify, through energy‐loss measurement, the parametric modeling upon flow leakage at the load end. Meanwhile, with the 2D transfer‐function modeling, the coupling of Rijke chamber dynamics and load dynamics is represented by feedback interconnection, which transforms the overall design into feedback systems synthesis. Based on such an internal feedback construction, digital signal processing is implemented to do numerical calculations on engine cycles with different working gases, temperatures, and frequencies of excitation, wherein typical situations are presented.
Real‐time path planning in heterogeneous environments
Authors: Jaklin Norman , Cook Atlas , Geraerts Roland 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTModern virtual environments can contain a variety of characters and traversable regions. Each character may have different preferences for the traversable region types. Pedestrians may prefer to walk on sidewalks, but they may occasionally need to traverse roads and dirt paths. By contrast, wild animals might try to stay in forest areas, but they are able to leave their protective environment when necessary. This paper presents a novel path planning method named Modified Indicative Routes and Navigation (MIRAN) that takes a character's region preferences into account. Given an indicative route as a rough estimation of a character's preferred route, MIRAN efficiently computes a visually convincing path that is smooth, keeps clearance from obstacles, avoids unnecessary detours, and allows local changes to avoid other characters. To the best of our knowledge, MIRAN is the first path planning method that supports the aforementioned features while using an exact representation of the navigable space. Experiments show that with our approach, a wide range of different character behaviors can be simulated. It also overcomes problems that occur in previous path planning methods such as the Indicative Route Method. The resulting paths are well suited for real‐time simulations and gaming applications. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Towards Physical Descriptors of Active and Selective Catalysts for the Oxidation of n‐Butane to Maleic Anhydride
Authors: Eichelbaum Maik , Glaum Robert , Hävecker Michael , Wittich Knut , Heine Christian , Schwarz Heiner , Dobner Cornelia‐Katharina , Welker‐Nieuwoudt Cathrin , Trunschke Annette , Schlögl Robert 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBased on our newly developed microwave cavity perturbation technique, the microwave conductivity of diverse vanadium(III), (IV), and (V) phosphate catalysts was measured under reaction conditions for the selective oxidation of n‐butane. The conductivity response on the gas phase was identified as a very sensitive measure for the redox kinetics, reversibility, and stability of the samples, which are important prerequisites for highly selective and active catalysts. The sensitivity achieved by our method was comparable to surface‐sensitive methods such as X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, whereas more conventional analytic techniques such as X‐ray diffractometry or Raman spectroscopy only indicated the stability of the bulk crystal phase under the same reaction conditions.
Novel Macrocycles Bearing Dithienylethene Units and Urea Functional Groups: Synthesis, Structure and Photochromic Property
Authors: Xiao Tangxin , Li Shaolu , Zhang Xiaoning , Lin Chen , Wang Leyong 
Published: May 2013

AbstractTwo novel photochromic macrocycles 1 and 2 bearing dithienylethene units and urea building blocks have been synthesized, and their photochromic properties are described. Macrocycle 2 shows good photochromic properties, while the relatively smaller size of macrocycle 8b exhibits photochemically inactive properties due to the unfavourable ring conformational constraint. Moreover, the crystal structures of the urea‐protected precursor macrocyles 3a, 3b, and 8b are presented.
Phase 1 study of cetuximab in combination with 5‐fluorouracil, cisplatin, and radiotherapy in patients with locally advanced anal canal carcinoma
Authors: Olivatto Luis O. , Vieira Fernando M. , Pereira Bruno V. , Victorino Ana P. , Bezerra Marcos , Araujo Carlos M. , Erlich Felipe , Faroni Lilian , Castro Leonaldson , Lusis Edward C. , Marins Alessandra , Ferreira Carlos Gil 
Published: May 2013

BACKGROUNDThis study sought to determine the feasibility and recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) of the combination of cetuximab with chemoradiotherapy based on 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) and cisplatin (CP) in locally advanced anal canal carcinoma.METHODSCetuximab was administered on days 1, 8, 15, 29, 36, 43, and 50 (400 mg/m2 initial dose, then 250 mg/m2/week) concurrent with total dose radiation of 55 to 59 Gy, both starting on day 1. Escalating doses of 5‐FU (96‐hour infusion) and CP (2‐hour infusion), both on days 1 and 29, were administered according to the following design: starting dose level (0) 5‐FU/CP = 800/60 mg/m2/day and up to dose level (+2) 5‐FU/CP = 1000/80 mg/m2/day.RESULTSDose‐limiting toxicity (DLT) events (uncontrolled diarrhea or febrile neutropenia) occurred in 3 of 14 assessable patients receiving escalated dose of 5‐FU/CP, with 1 in dose level (0) and 2 in dose level (+2). The RP2D was 5‐FU/CP = 800/80 mg/m2/day. Because of unexpected non‐DLT treatment‐related grade 3 (G3) adverse events (AEs) such as thrombosis/embolism, syncope, and infection occurring in ≥ 20% of patients, a safety expansion cohort with an additional 9 patients was investigated with the RP2D. The most frequent G3/G4 AEs evaluated in 23 patients were radiation dermatitis (12 patients), diarrhea (10 patients), thrombosis/embolism (6 patients), and infection (5 patients). The study was closed due to these severe AEs, although no G5 AEs occurred. Twenty of 21 patients (95%) achieved pathological complete response at primary tumor. With a median follow‐up of 43.4 months, the 3‐year locoregional control rate was 64.2%.CONCLUSIONSCetuximab could not be integrated with chemoradiotherapy‐cisplatin–based therapy due to the high toxicity rate. However, efficacy is encouraging and further investigation of an epidermal growth factor receptor–targeted agent (other than cetuximab) concurrent with chemoradiation should be pursued. Cancer 2013;119:2973—2980. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Applicability of randomized trials in radiation oncology to standard clinical practice
Authors: Apisarnthanarax Smith , Swisher‐McClure Samuel , Chiu Wing K. , Kimple Randall J. , Harris Stephen L. , Morris David E. , Tepper Joel E. 
Published: May 2013

BACKGROUNDRandomized controlled trials (RCTs) are commonly used to inform clinical practice; however, it is unclear how generalizable RCT data are to patients in routine clinical practice. The authors of this report assessed the availability and applicability of randomized evidence guiding medical decisions in a cohort of patients who were evaluated for consideration of definitive management in a radiation oncology clinic.METHODSThe medical records of consecutive, new patient consultations between January and March 2007 were reviewed. Patient medical decisions were classified as those with (Group 1) or without (Group 2) available, relevant level I evidence (phase 3 RCT) supporting recommended treatments. Group 1 medical decisions were further divided into 3 groups based on the extent of fulfilling eligibility criteria for each RCT: Group 1A included decisions that fulfilled all eligibility criteria; Group 1B, decisions that did not fulfill at least 1 minor eligibility criteria; or Group 1C, decisions that did not fulfill at least 1 major eligibility criteria. Patient and clinical characteristics were tested for correlations with the availability of evidence.RESULTSOf the 393 evaluable patients, malignancies of the breast (30%), head and neck (18%), and genitourinary system (14%) were the most common presenting primary disease sites. Forty‐seven percent of all medical decisions (n = 451) were made without available (36%) or applicable (11%) randomized evidence to inform clinical decision making. Primary tumor diagnosis was significantly associated with the availability of evidence (P < .0001).CONCLUSIONSA significant proportion of medical decisions in an academic radiation oncology clinic were made without available or applicable level I evidence, underscoring the limitations of relying solely on RCTs for the development of evidence‐based health care. Cancer 2013;119:3092—3099. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamic Effects of a Selective TGR5 Agonist, SB‐756050, in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Hodge Rebecca J. , Lin Jiang , Vasist Johnson Lakshmi S. , Gould Elizabeth P. , Bowers Gary D. , Nunez Derek J. ,   on behalf of the SB‐756050 Project Team
Published: May 2013

AbstractTGR5 is a bile acid receptor and a potential target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D). We report here the safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamic effects of a selective TGR5 agonist, SB‐756050, in patients with T2D. Fifty‐one subjects were randomized to receive either placebo or one of four doses of SB‐756050 for 6 days. A single 100 mg dose of sitagliptin was co‐administered on Day 6 to all subjects. SB‐756050 was well‐tolerated; it was readily absorbed, exhibited nonlinear pharmacokinetics with a less than dose‐proportional increase in plasma exposure above 100 mg, and demonstrated no significant changes in exposure when co‐administered with sitagliptin. SB‐756050 demonstrated highly variable pharmacodynamic effects both within dose groups and between doses, with increases in glucose seen at the two lowest doses and no reduction in glucose seen at the two highest doses. The glucose effects of SB‐756050 + sitagliptin were comparable to those of sitagliptin alone, even though gut hormone plasma profiles were different. This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00733577).
Performance evaluation of Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud for NASA high‐performance computing applications
Authors: Mehrotra Piyush , Djomehri Jahed , Heistand Steve , Hood Robert , Jin Haoqiang , Lazanoff Arthur , Saini Subhash , Biswas Rupak 
Published: May 2013

AbstractCloud computing environments are now widely available and are being increasingly utilized for technical computing. They are also being touted for high‐performance computing (HPC) applications in science and engineering. For example, Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) Services offers specialized Cluster Compute instance types to run HPC applications. In this paper, we compare the performance characteristics of two Amazon EC2 HPC instance types with that of National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Pleiades supercomputer, an SGI® ICE™ cluster. For this study, we utilized the HPC Challenge kernels and the NAS Parallel Benchmarks along with four full‐scale applications from the repertoire of codes that are being used by NASA scientists and engineers. We compare the total runtime of these codes for varying number of cores. We also break out the computation and communication times for a subset of these applications to explore the effect of interconnect differences on the two systems. In general, the single node performance of the two platforms is equivalent. However, for most of the codes when scaling to larger core counts, the performance of the EC2 HPC instances generally lags that of Pleiades because of worse network performance of the former. In addition to analyzing application performance, we also briefly touch upon the overhead due to virtualization and the usability of cloud environments such as Amazon EC2. Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the U.S.A.
Glow Discharge Positive Column with Dust Particles in Neon
Authors: Vasilyak L. M. , Polyakov D. N. , Shumova V. V. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractExperimental and numerical study of positive column of glow discharge in neon with dust particles is presented. The influence of dust structures on integral parameters was measured and simulated. Spatial distributions of electrons and electric field configuration in presence of dust cloud are represented. The reverse radial electric field direction is shown to appear within the dust cloud at high dust particle concentration. The current‐voltage characteristics of discharge in neon with and without dust particles are represented. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The Electron Transport Coefficients of Boron and Silicon Plasma
Authors: Apfelbaum E. M. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe conductivity, thermal conductivity and thermal power of Silicon and Boron plasma have been calculated within the relaxation time approximation. The plasma composition has been obtained by means of correspond‐ing system of coupled mass action laws. We have considered the atom ionization up to +4. The results of our simulations are in good agreement with recent measurement data at T ≥ 10 kK. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Dielectric Model for Electromagnetic Waves Generated in the E‐Layer of the Earth's Ionosphere by Infrasound
Authors: Meister C.‐V. , Erhard H. , Hoffmann D.H.H. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA dielectric model for waves of the Earth's ionosphere is developed. In doing so, in comparison to the wellknown dielectric wave model by R.O. Dendy [1] for homogeneous systems, the stratification of the atmosphere is taken into account. Moreover, within the frame of many‐fluid magnetohydrodynamics also the momentum transfer between the charged and neutral particles is considered. Acoustic‐type waves causing the excitation of electromagnetic waves in the warm, weakly‐collisional E‐layer are introduced in the magnetohydrodynamic system by a fluctuating neutral‐particle component. Models of the altitudinal scales of the plasma parameters and the electromagnetic wave field are derived. In case of the electric wave field, a method is given to calculate the altitudinal scale based on the Poisson equation for the electric field and the magnetohydrodynamic description of the particles. Further, an expression is derived to estimate the temperatur changes in the E‐layer because of the propagation of acoustic‐type wave modes and the generation of the electromagnetic waves. And last not least, a formula is derived to determine the dispersion and polarisation of the excited electromagnetic waves, which is necessary to find quantitative results for the turbulent heating of the ionospheric E‐layer. The electromagnetic waves which may be obtained in the E‐layer by the newly developed dielectric model are, amongst others, Alfvén and magnetoacoustic modes, but also waves of the Farley‐Buneman type. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Static and Collective Properties of Dusty Non‐Equilibrium Plasmas
Authors: Filippov A. V. , Starostin A. N. , Tkachenko I. M. , Fortov V. E. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe static dielectric function and dust acoustic waves are considered of non‐equilibrium dusty plasmas. The dynamic characteristics are considered using an effective potential applicable at elevated pressure, but this is not a limitation. A three‐species model capable of describing the collective processes is suggested, and a first order phase transition in such systems is previewed. The OCP static characteristics are calculated within the HNC approach. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)