bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How does a secular instability grow in a hyperaccretion flow?
Authors: Kimura Mariko , Mineshige Shin , Kawanaka Norita 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Hyperaccretion flows with mass accretion rates far above the Eddington rate have an N-shaped equilibrium curve on the Σ–$\skew{3}\dot{M}$ plane (with Σ and $\skew{3}\dot{M}$ being surface density and mass accretion rate, respectively). The accretion flow on the lower Σ branch of the N-shape is optically thick, advection-dominated accretion flow, while that on the upper one is neutrino-dominated accretion flow. The middle branch has a negative slope on the Σ–$\skew{3}\dot{M}$ plane, meaning that the flow on this branch is secularly unstable. To investigate how the instability affects the flow structure and what observable signatures are produced, we study the time evolution of the unstable hyperaccretion flow in response to variable mass injection rates by solving the height-averaged equations for viscous accretion flows. When a transition occurs from the lower branch to the upper branch (or from the upper branch to the lower branch), the surface density rapidly increases (decreases) around that transition region, which induces locally enhanced mass flow (referred to as non-steady mass flow) into (out of) that region. We confirm that the non-steady flow can create a kind of disturbance and that it propagates over the whole disk. However, the non-steady mass flow is not strong enough to induce coherent transition over the whole disk, unless the mass injection rate varies with time. When the injection rate continuously changes, the neutrino luminosity varies intermittently, thus producing step-function-like light curves, as the radiation efficiency discontinuously changes every time the local transition occurs. The effects of changing the N-shape and possible observational consequences on the gamma-ray burst emission are briefly discussed.
Can Abdominal Hypopressive Technique Change Levator Hiatus Area?
Authors: Resende Ana Paula Magalhães , Torelli Luiza , Zanetti Miriam Raquel Diniz , Petricelli Carla Dellabarba , Jármy-Di Bella Zsuzsanna IIona Katalin , Nakamura Mary Uchiyama , Júnior Edward Araujo , Moron Antonio Fernandes , Girão Manoel João Batista Castello , Sartori Marair Gracio Ferreira 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the levator hiatus area (LHA) at rest and during the performance of maximal pelvic floor muscle (PFM) contractions, during the abdominal hypopressive technique (AHT), and during the combination of PFM contractions (PFMCs) and the AHT. The study included 17 healthy nulliparous women who had no history of pelvic floor disorders. The LHA was evaluated with the patients in the lithotomy position. After a physiotherapist instructed the patients on the proper performance of the PFM and AHT exercises, 1 gynecologist performed the 3-dimensional translabial ultrasound examinations. The LHA was measured with the patients at rest. The PFMC alone, the AHT alone or the AHT in combination with a PFMC with 30 seconds of rest between the evaluations were performed. Each measurement was performed 2 times, and the mean value was used for statistical analysis. The Wilcoxon test was used to test the differences between the 2 maneuvers. Similar values were observed when comparing the LHA of the PFM at rest (12.2 ± 2.4) cm2 and during the AHT (11.7 ± 2.6) cm2 (P = 0.227). The AHT+ PFMC (10.2 ± 1.9) cm2 demonstrated lower values compared with AHT alone (11.7 ± 2.6) cm2 (P = 0.002). When comparing the PFMC (10.4 ± 2.1) cm2 with the AHT + PFMC (10.2 ± 1.9) cm2, no significant difference (P = 0.551) was observed. During PFMC, the constriction was 1.8 cm2; during the AHT, the constriction was 0.5 cm2; and during the AHT + PFMC, it was 2 cm2. The LHA assessed by 3-dimensional ultrasound did not significantly change with AHT. These results support the theory that AHT does not strengthen PFM.
Aquatic insects of a lowland rainforest in Papua New Guinea: assemblage structure in relation to habitat type
Authors: Klecka Jan 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPapua New Guinea is one of the most valuable tropical regions but ecological research of its freshwater invertebrates has been lacking. The goal of this paper is to evaluate the species richness, diversity and structure of aquatic insect assemblages in different habitats in the Wanang River catchment in a well-preserved lowland rainforest. Assemblage structure was studied on two spatial scales – in different habitats (river, streams and stagnant pools) and in three mesohabitats in the river (slow and fast sections and submerged wood). The results show that headwater streams had the highest morphospecies diversity, while the river had the highest insect abundance. Slow and fast sections of the river differed both in terms of insect abundance and diversity. Furthermore, a number of unique wood-associated species was found on submerged wood. The most notable feature of the assemblage structure was scarcity of shredders and dominance of predators. However, predatory beetles, bugs and dragonfly larvae exhibited contrasting habitat preferences. This study shows that Papua New Guinean lowland rainforests host diverse and distinctly structured freshwater insect assemblages.
Managing distribution networks in emerging markets. Evidence from the furniture sector
Authors: Bortoluzzi Guido , Chiarvesio Maria , Tabacco Raffaella 
Published: October 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to examine how three firms set up distribution networks in China and India. The authors highlight the criticalities in this process and the modifications necessary to adapt the firms’ distribution networks to the local conditions of both markets. Firms entering emerging markets (EMs) must deal with specific business and environmental conditions that can jeopardise their ability to succeed. The establishment of a proper distribution network is among the most pressing priorities for entering firms.

Design/methodology/approach
– The case study approach was used to analyse three European firms in the furniture sector.

Findings
– The results show that several adaptations of already-tested solutions were necessary to cope with the specificities of both markets. Such adaptations differently involved the three layers that form the firms’ distribution network: actors, activities and resources. Theoretical and managerial implications are derived from the results.

Research limitations/implications
– This paper considers only three firms, which belong to the same sector and target a similar market segment (the high-end market). Therefore, the conclusions can be generalised only under certain conditions.

Originality/value
– This paper contributes to the development of international marketing literature by specifically studying distribution networks in EM contexts.
A native-visitor in Western Australia: an account of an insider-outsider
Authors: Holmes Kirsten , Rowley Steven 
Published: October 2015

Purpose
– This study aims to apply confirmatory personal introspection (CPI) to illuminate the experiences of the authors as partial native-visitors to Western Australia. The native-visitor is the tourist who is able to see beyond Urry’s shallow conception of the Tourist Gaze through their lengthy immersion as “insiders” in the destination’s culture. In this paper, the experiences of two immigrants, the authors, to Western Australia illustrate the different perspectives of the Tourist Gaze 4.0.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper uses CPI, as this is a more reliable method of uncovering a traveler’s experiences than subjective personal introspection because CPI uses additional data sources such as written historical records and photographs for confirming the researcher’s accounts. In this study, accounts of both authors alongside photographs are used to both confirm and contrast their individual experiences.

Findings
– The paper demonstrates the varied forms of the tourist gaze, with an emphasis on that of the native visitor. The findings illustrate how individuals’ both maintain aspects of their original cultural identity and adopt those of the new country after an extended time living in that country. This enables individuals to see attractions and destinations from an insider perspective.

Practical implications
– This study shows how even after an extended period of time living in a new country, visitors may not have the cultural confidence to behave as local residents at tourist attractions and destinations, which could limit their engagement and enjoyment of these experiences. Marketers should take this into account in designing and promoting tourist experiences to visitors.

Originality/value
– CPI provides a valuable means for illustrating the range of perspectives within the Tourist Gaze 4.0. The method enables individuals’ rich experiences to be uncovered but at the same time uses multiple data sources to provide additional rigour.
My traditional Japanese wedding?
Authors: Martin Drew 
Published: October 2015

Purpose– This paper aims to demonstrate deep gaze using a Japanese Shinto wedding ceremony as an example. Some long-term tourists develop an intimate understanding of the host country’s culture by gaining access to authentic experiences typically limited to the locals. These native visitors experience a deep gaze.Design/methodology/approach– Combing subjective personal introspection (SPI) and confirmatory personal introspection (CPI), the author’s 76 wedding photographs are examined critically.Findings– Results demonstrate how a native visitor uses SPI and CPI analyses of native gaze. While the Shinto wedding ceremony’s authenticity mixes traditional and evolutionary elements, the ceremony is best viewed as a Gestalt experience. The evidence suggests authenticity need not have deep roots in the culture.Research limitations/implications– The findings serve as only one configuration of many possible gazes. Tourist Gaze 4.0 is a set of complex antecedent conditions and multiple configurations.Originality/value– Using photographs taken by native family members, this paper demonstrates how SPI and CPI identify deep gaze through a different lens.
Patient satisfaction constructs
Authors: Rahman Muhammad Sabbir , Osmangani Aahad M 
Published: October 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine the five-factor structure of patients’ satisfaction constructs toward private healthcare service providers.Design/methodology/approach– This research is a cross-sectional study. A questionnaire-based survey was conducted with previous and current Bangladeshi patients. Exploratory factor analysis was employed to extract the underlying constructs.Findings– Five underlying dimensions that play a significant role in structuring the satisfaction perceived by Bangladeshi private healthcare patients are identified in this study.Practical implications– The main contribution of this study is identifying the dimensions of satisfaction perceived by Bangladeshi patients regarding private healthcare service providers.Originality/value– Healthcare managers adopt the five identified underlying construct items in their business practices to improve their respective healthcare efficiency while ensuring overall customer satisfaction.
Lean Six Sigma implementation and organizational culture
Authors: Knapp Susan 
Published: October 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between four organizational cultural types defined by the Competing Values Framework and three Lean Six Sigma implementation components – management involvement, use of Lean Six Sigma methods and Lean Six Sigma infrastructure.

Design/methodology/approach
– The study involved surveying 446 human resource and quality managers from 223 hospitals located in Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts and Rhode Island using the Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument.

Findings
– In total, 104 completed responses were received and analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance. Follow-up analysis of variances showed management support was significant, F(3, 100)=4.89, p
<
0.01, η2=1.28; infrastructure was not significant, F(3, 100)=1.55, p=0.21, η2=0.05; and using Lean Six Sigma methods was also not significant, F(3, 100)=1.34, p=0.26, η2=0.04. Post hoc analysis identified group and development cultures having significant interactions with management support.

Practical implications
– The relationship between organizational culture and Lean Six Sigma in hospitals provides information on how specific cultural characteristics impact the Lean Six Sigma initiative key components. This information assists hospital staff who are considering implementing quality initiatives by providing an understanding of what cultural values correspond to effective Lean Six Sigma implementation.

Originality/value
– Managers understanding the quality initiative cultural underpinnings, are attentive to the culture-shared values and norm’s influence can utilize strategies to better implement Lean Six Sigma.
Early warning scores: unravelling detection and escalation
Authors: Smith Gary B , Prytherch David R , Meredith Paul , Schmidt Paul E 
Published: October 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to increase understanding of how patient deterioration is detected and how clinical care escalates when early warning score (EWS) systems are used.

Design/methodology/approach
– The authors critically review a recent National Early Warning Score paper published in IJHCQA using personal experience and EWS-related publications, and debate the difference between detection and escalation.

Findings
– Incorrect EWS choice or poorly understood EWS escalation may result in unnecessary workloads forward and responding staff.

Practical implications
– EWS system implementers may need to revisit their guidance materials; medical and nurse educators may need to expand the curriculum to improve EWS system understanding and use.

Originality/value
– The paper raises the EWS debate and alerts EWS users that scrutiny is required.
Addressing child labour: reflections on the WTO’s role
Authors: Williams Jessica 
Published: October 2015

Purpose– This paper aims to analyse whether the World Trade Organisation (WTO) covered agreements ought to be interpreted in a manner that enables an importing country to restrict or prohibit import of goods manufactured using child labour. This question is pertinent, given the WTO-covered agreements do not explicitly mention child labour, yet there is increasing international concern for the phenomenon of child labour, evidenced through international human rights law and international labour law treaties and a push by some developed countries’ WTO Members for inclusion of a “social clause” governing child labour under the covered agreements.Design/methodology/approach– This paper examines the WTO-covered agreements, current trends in interpretation of the covered agreements by panels and the Appellate Body (AB) and scholarly debate regarding connecting trade with labour standards and human rights.Findings– This paper argues: that although inclusion of a social clause in the covered agreements is unlikely, Article XX(a) GATT, Article XX(b) GATT and Article 2.1 TBT can in certain circumstances be interpreted as to allow such restrictions on the import of goods; that no clear academic argument logically precludes connecting trade with labour standards and human rights; and that to legitimate both the WTO and the international legal system as a whole, the covered agreements, as the basis of international trade law, ought to be interpreted in a manner consistent with international labour law and international human rights law.Originality/value– This paper draws upon the recent AB decision in European Commission – Seal Products, examining the AB’s interpretation of the Article XX(a) GATT “public morals” exception. This paper further seeks to provide a succinct overview of the argument surrounding WTO involvement in the issue of child labour.
Histamine H4 receptor knockout mice display reduced inflammation in a chronic model of atopic dermatitis
Authors: Rossbach K. , Schaper K. , Kloth Ch. , Gutzmer R. , Werfel T. , Kietzmann M. , Bäumer W. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe histamine H4 receptor (H4R) was brought into focus as a new therapeutic target for the treatment of allergic disorders such as atopic dermatitis (AD). H4R antagonists have already been tested in several animal models of AD, but these studies have yielded conflicting results.Material and methodsThe development of ovalbumin‐induced AD‐like skin lesions was analysed in H4R−/− mice and in H4R antagonist (JNJ28307474)‐treated mice.ResultsH4R−/− mice showed a clear amelioration of the skin lesions, with a diminished influx of inflammatory cells and a reduced epidermal hyperproliferation at lesional skin sites. H4R−/− mice had a reduced amount of ovalbumin‐specific IgE, a reduced number of splenocytes and lymph node cells with a decreased number of CD4+ T cells. The H4R modulated the cytokine secretion of CD4+ T cells and splenocytes and altered the cellular profile in the lymph nodes. The anti‐inflammatory effect could only partially be mimicked by JNJ28307474 and only when the H4R antagonist was given during sensitization and challenge and not when JNJ28307474 was only given during the provocation phase of the allergic reaction.ConclusionThe H4R modulates inflammation in a chronic allergic dermatitis setting. However, results of this study indicate that it is necessary to block the H4R during ontogeny and development of the allergic inflammation.
Experiencing Functional Electrical Stimulation Roots on Education, and Clinical Developments in Paraplegia and Tetraplegia With Technological Innovation
Authors: Varoto Renato , Cliquet Alberto 
Published: October 2015

AbstractCybernetics‐based concepts can allow for complete independence for paralyzed individuals, including sensory motor recovery. Spinal cord injuries are responsible for a huge stress on health and a financial burden to society. This article focuses on novel procedures such as functional diagnosis for paraplegics and tetraplegics, cybertherapies toward lessening comorbidities such as cardiovascular diseases, osteoporosis, etc., and the production of new technology for upper and lower limb control. Functional electrical stimulation reflects a unique opportunity for bipedal gait to be achieved by paraplegics and tetraplegics. Education and training of undergraduates and postgraduates in engineering and life sciences have also been a major aim of this work.
A novel approach for estimating ingested dose associated with paracetamol overdose
Authors: Zurlinden Todd J. , Heard Kennon , Reisfeld Brad 
Published: October 2015

AimIn cases of paracetamol (acetaminophen, APAP) overdose, an accurate estimate of tissue‐specific paracetamol pharmacokinetics (PK) and ingested dose can offer health care providers important information for the individualized treatment and follow‐up of affected patients. Here a novel methodology is presented to make such estimates using a standard serum paracetamol measurement and a computational framework.MethodsThe core component of the computational framework was a physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model developed and evaluated using an extensive set of human PK data. Bayesian inference was used for parameter and dose estimation, allowing the incorporation of inter‐study variability, and facilitating the calculation of uncertainty in model outputs.ResultsSimulations of paracetamol time course concentrations in the blood were in close agreement with experimental data under a wide range of dosing conditions. Also, predictions of administered dose showed good agreement with a large collection of clinical and emergency setting PK data over a broad dose range. In addition to dose estimation, the platform was applied for the determination of optimal blood sampling times for dose reconstruction and quantitation of the potential role of paracetamol conjugate measurement on dose estimation.ConclusionsCurrent therapies for paracetamol overdose rely on a generic methodology involving the use of a clinical nomogram. By using the computational framework developed in this study, serum sample data, and the individual patient's anthropometric and physiological information, personalized serum and liver pharmacokinetic profiles and dose estimate could be generated to help inform an individualized overdose treatment and follow‐up plan.
Efficiency of a New Mesh‐Type Nebulizer (NE‐SM1 NEPLUS) for Intrapulmonary Delivery of Ipratropium Bromide in Surgical Patients
Authors: Lee Yong‐Hun , Kwon Gu‐Youn , Park Do‐Yang , Bang Ji‐Yeon , Jang Dong‐Min , Lee Soo‐Han , Lee Eun‐Kyung , Choi Byung‐Moon , Noh Gyu‐Jeong 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis study was aimed to evaluate the efficiency of a new mesh‐type nebulizer for the intrapulmonary delivery of ipratropium bromide in surgical patients under mechanical ventilation. A total of 20 patients were randomly allocated to receive 0.5 mg ipratropium bromide using either a control (Pariboy SX, Pari, Co., Starnberg, Germany, n = 10) or test (NE‐SM1 NEPLUS, KTMED INC., Seoul, Korea, n = 10) nebulizer during general anaesthesia. Ipratropium bromide was nebulized continuously for 20 min. in each group. Plasma concentrations of ipratropium bromide were obtained from blood samples at preset intervals. Non‐compartmental analysis of ipratropium bromide was performed to compare the efficiency of pulmonary drug delivery in both nebulizers. Population pharmacokinetic analysis of ipratropium bromide was performed. Additionally, the noise level during the nebulizer operation and the aerosol particle size for each device were measured. The dose‐normalized AUClast was 0.10 min/L for both nebulizers. The pharmacokinetics of nebulized ipratropium bromide can be described best by a one‐compartment model with first‐order absorption. The apparent volume of distribution and metabolic clearance were 1340 L and 6.78 L/min, respectively. Type of nebulizer was a significant covariate for absorption rate constant. The equivalent sound level and median aerosol particle diameter were 35.0 dB and 4.52 μm for the test nebulizer, and 60.2 dB and 3.85 μm for the control nebulizer, respectively. From the standpoint of the dose‐normalized AUClast, a new vibrating mesh‐type nebulizer shows similar performance in the intrapulmonary delivery of ipratropium bromide to that of a jet‐type nebulizer in surgical patients.