bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lesion-Induced Mutation in the Hyperthermophilic Archaeon Sulfolobus acidocaldarius and Its Avoidance by the Y-Family DNA Polymerase Dbh
Authors: Sakofsky Cynthia J , Grogan Dennis W 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Hyperthermophilic archaea offer certain advantages as models of genome replication, and Sulfolobus Y-family polymerases Dpo4 (S. solfataricus) and Dbh (S. acidocaldarius) have been studied intensively in vitro as biochemical and structural models of trans-lesion DNA synthesis (TLS). However, the genetic functions of these enzymes have not been determined in the native context of living cells. We developed the first quantitative genetic assays of replication past defined DNA lesions and error-prone motifs in Sulfolobus chromosomes and used them to measure the efficiency and accuracy of bypass in normal and dbh− strains of Sulfolobus acidocaldarius. Oligonucleotide-mediated transformation allowed low levels of abasic-site bypass to be observed in S. acidocaldarius and demonstrated that the local sequence context affected bypass specificity; in addition, most erroneous TLS did not require Dbh function. Applying the technique to another common lesion, 7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG), revealed an antimutagenic role of Dbh. The efficiency and accuracy of replication past 8-oxo-dG was higher in the presence of Dbh, and up to 90% of the Dbh-dependent events inserted dC. A third set of assays, based on phenotypic reversion, showed no effect of Dbh function on spontaneous −1 frameshifts in mononucleotide tracts in vivo, despite the extremely frequent slippage at these motifs documented in vitro. Taken together, the results indicate that a primary genetic role of Dbh is to avoid mutations at 8-oxo-dG that occur when other Sulfolobus enzymes replicate past this lesion. The genetic evidence that Dbh is recruited to 8-oxo-dG raises questions regarding the mechanism of recruitment, since Sulfolobus spp. have eukaryotic-like replisomes but no ubiquitin.
On the Benefits of Audit Market Consolidation: Evidence from Merged Audit Firms
Authors: Gong Qihui , Li Oliver Zhen , Lin Yupeng , Wu Liansheng 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT
We examine efficiency improvement associated with audit firm mergers. Our analysis is made possible by a unique dataset of audit hours in China. We find a significant reduction in audit hours, unaccompanied by a deterioration in audit quality, of merged audit firms. Further, we find a larger reduction in audit hours when acquirers are Chinese domestic Big 10 audit firms and when client firms are more complex. These results are consistent with the notion of economies of scale arising from horizontal mergers. However, enhanced efficiency does not necessarily reduce audit fees. Instead, we find an increase in audit fees when acquirers are international Big 4 audit firms even when we control for possible changes in market power. This premium is at least partially due to the certification effect of international Big 4 audit firms.
Historicizing Domesticity: The Impact of the Woman’s Rights Movement
Authors: Egnal Marc 
Published: July 2015

Abstract:Several generations of literary scholars have explored the idea of “separate spheres” in nineteenth-century America and, in recent years, have made clear that this concept applies most fully to white, middle-class, Northeastern women. Less thoroughly studied is how the paradigm changed over time. The article argues that, beginning around mid-century, the growth of the woman’s movement transformed the way that many authors depicted domesticity. Reflecting that agitation, writers introduced into their works an oppositional point of view, one that asserted that separate was not equal when it came to men’s and women’s spheres. Further change was evident in novels after 1865, as the protest movement became more organized and suffrage emerged as the leading issue. While authors’ views of the “woman’s movement” varied widely, contestation not absolutes marks these works of fiction. Advocacy invariably was qualified by a recognition that other, strongly held points of view existed.
<i>Nigella sativa</i> improves the carbon tetrachloride-induced lung damage in rats through repression of erk/akt pathway
Authors: Aslan Abdullah , Boydak Didem , Can Muhammed Ismail , Kuloglu Tuncay 
Published: July 2015

<p class="Abstract">The objective of this study was to examine whether <em>Nigella sativa</em> plays a protective role against the damage in the lung by administering carbon tetra-chloride (CCl<sub>4</sub>) to rats. Male Wistar albino (n=28, 8 weeks old) rats were divided into 4 groups: a) negative control: Normal water consuming group to which no CCl<sub>4</sub> and N. sativa was administered; b) Positive control: Normal water consuming group to which no CCl<sub>4</sub> was administered but<em> N. sativa</em> was administered; c) CCl<sub>4</sub> Group: Normal water consuming and group to which CCl<sub>4</sub> was administered (1.5 mL/kg, ip); d) N. sativa plus CCl<sub>4</sub> group: CCl<sub>4</sub> and <em>N. sativa</em> administered group (1.5 mL/kg, ip). Caspase-3, caspase -9, erk, akt protein syntheses were examined via Western blotting. Malondialdehyde determination in lung tissue was made using spectrophotometer. As a results, malondialdehyde amount was decreased in the CCl<sub>4</sub> plus<em> N. sativa</em> group in comparison to CCl<sub>4</sub> group whereas caspase-3, caspase-9 was increased and erk, akt had decreased. These results show that <em>N. sativa</em> protects the lung against oxidative damage.</p><p> </p>
A Metalloproteinase Mirolysin of Tannerella forsythia Inhibits All Pathways of the Complement System
Authors: Jusko Monika , Potempa Jan , Mizgalska Danuta , Bielecka Ewa , Ksiazek Miroslaw , Riesbeck Kristian , Garred Peter , Eick Sigrun , Blom Anna M. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Recent reports focusing on virulence factors of periodontal pathogens implicated proteinases as major determinants of remarkable pathogenicity of these species, with special emphasis on their capacity to modulate complement activity. In particular, bacteria-mediated cleavage of C5 and subsequent release of C5a seems to be an important phenomenon in the manipulation of the local inflammatory response in periodontitis. In this study, we present mirolysin, a novel metalloproteinase secreted by Tannerella forsythia, a well-recognized pathogen strongly associated with periodontitis. Mirolysin exhibited a strong effect on all complement pathways. It inhibited the classical and lectin complement pathways due to efficient degradation of mannose-binding lectin, ficolin-2, ficolin-3, and C4, whereas inhibition of the alternative pathway was caused by degradation of C5. This specificity toward complement largely resembled the activity of a previously characterized metalloproteinase of T. forsythia, karilysin. Interestingly, mirolysin released the biologically active C5a peptide in human plasma and induced migration of neutrophils. Importantly, we demonstrated that combination of mirolysin with karilysin, as well as a cysteine proteinase of another periodontal pathogen, Prevotella intermedia, resulted in a strong synergistic effect on complement. Furthermore, mutant strains of T. forsythia, devoid of either mirolysin or karilysin, showed diminished survival in human serum, providing further evidence for the synergistic inactivation of complement by these metalloproteinases. Taken together, our findings on interactions of mirolysin with complement significantly add to the understanding of immune evasion strategies of T. forsythia and expand the knowledge on molecular mechanisms driving pathogenic events in the infected periodontium.
Computational Software: Simple FMM Libraries for Electrostatics, Slow Viscous Flow, and Frequency-Domain Wave Propagation
Authors: Gimbutas Zydrunas , Greengard Leslie 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe have developed easy to use fast multipole method (FMM) libraries for the Laplace, low-frequency Helmholtz, and Stokes equations in two and three dimensions. The codes are based on a new method for applying translation operators and provide reasonable performance on either single core processors, or small multi-core systems using OpenMP.
A Simplified Land Model (SLM) for use in cloud‐resolving models: Formulation and evaluation
Authors: Lee Jungmin M. , Khairoutdinov Marat 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA Simplified Land Model (SLM) that uses a minimalist set of parameters with a single‐layer vegetation and multilevel soil structure has been developed distinguishing canopy and undercanopy energy budgets. The primary motivation has been to design a land model for use in the System for Atmospheric Modeling (SAM) cloud‐resolving model to study land‐atmosphere interactions with a sufficient level of realism. SLM uses simplified expressions for the transport of heat, moisture, momentum, and radiation in soil‐vegetation system. The SLM performance has been evaluated over several land surface types using summertime tower observations of micrometeorological and biophysical data from three AmeriFlux sites, which include grassland, cropland, and deciduous‐broadleaf forest. In general, the SLM captures the observed diurnal cycle of surface energy budget and soil temperature reasonably well, although reproducing the evolution of soil moisture, especially after rain events, has been challenging. The SLM coupled to SAM has been applied to the case of summertime shallow cumulus convection over land based on the Atmospheric Radiation Measurements (ARM) Southern Great Plain (SGP) observations. The simulated surface latent and sensible heat fluxes as well as the evolution of thermodynamic profiles in convective boundary layer agree well with the estimates based on the observations. Sensitivity of atmospheric boundary layer development to the soil moisture and different land cover types has been also examined.
Group‐sparsity regularization for ill‐posed subsurface flow inverse problems
Authors: Golmohammadi Azarang , Khaninezhad Mohammad‐Reza M. , Jafarpour Behnam 
Published: July 2015

AbstractSparse representations provide a flexible and parsimonious description of high‐dimensional model parameters for reconstructing subsurface flow property distributions from limited data. To further constrain ill‐posed inverse problems, group‐sparsity regularization can take advantage of possible relations among the entries of unknown sparse parameters when: (i) groups of sparse elements are either collectively active or inactive and (ii) only a small subset of the groups is needed to approximate the parameters of interest. Since subsurface properties exhibit strong spatial connectivity patterns they may lead to sparse descriptions that satisfy the above conditions. When these conditions are established, a group‐sparsity regularization can be invoked to facilitate the solution of the resulting inverse problem by promoting sparsity across the groups. The proposed regularization penalizes the number of groups that are active without promoting sparsity within each group. Two implementations are presented in this paper: one based on the multiresolution tree structure of Wavelet decomposition, without a need for explicit prior models, and another learned from explicit prior model realizations using sparse principal component analysis (SPCA). In each case, the approach first classifies the parameters of the inverse problem into groups with specific connectivity features, and then takes advantage of the grouped structure to recover the relevant patterns in the solution from the flow data. Several numerical experiments are presented to demonstrate the advantages of additional constraining power of group‐sparsity in solving ill‐posed subsurface model calibration problems.
Plant nutrients do not covary with soil nutrients under changing climatic conditions
Authors: Luo Wentao , Elser James J. , Lü Xiao‐Tao , Wang Zhengwen , Bai Edith , Yan Caifeng , Wang Chao , Li Mai‐He , Zimmermann Niklaus E. , Han Xingguo , Xu Zhuwen , Li Hui , Wu Yunna , Jiang Yong 
Published: July 2015

AbstractNitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) play vital roles in plant growth and development. Yet how climate regimes and soil fertility influence plant N and P stoichiometry is not well understood, especially in the belowground plant parts. Here we investigated plant aboveground and belowground N and P concentrations ([N] and [P]) and their stoichiometry in three dominant genera along a 2200 km long climatic gradient in northern China. Results showed that temperature explained more variation of [N] and [P] in C4 plants, whereas precipitation exerted a stronger influence on [N] and [P] in C3 plants. Both plant aboveground and belowground [N] and [P] increased with decreasing precipitation, and increasing temperatures yet were negatively correlated with soil [N] and [P]. Plant N:P ratios were unrelated with all climate and soil variables. Plant aboveground and belowground [N] followed an allometric scaling relationship, but the allocation of [P] was isometric. These results imply that internal processes stabilize plant N:P ratios and hence tissue N:P ratios may not be an effective parameter for predicting plant nutrient limitation. Our results also imply that past positive relationships between plant and nutrient stocks may be challenged under changing climatic conditions. While any modeling would need to be able to replicate currently observed relationships, it is conceivable that some relationships, such as those between temperature or rainfall and carbon:nutrient ratios, should be different under changing climatic conditions.
Inferring magnetospheric heavy ion density using EMIC waves
Authors: Kim Eun‐Hwa , Johnson Jay R. , Kim Hyomin , Lee Dong‐Hun 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe present a method to infer heavy ion concentration ratios from electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) wave observations that result from ion‐ion hybrid (IIH) resonance. A key feature of the IIH resonance is the concentration of wave energy in a field‐aligned resonant mode that exhibits linear polarization. These mode‐converted waves at the IIH resonance are localized at the location where the frequency of a compressional wave driver matches the IIH resonance condition, which depends sensitively on the heavy ion concentration. This dependence makes it possible to estimate the heavy ion concentration ratio. In this paper, we evaluate the absorption coefficients at the IIH resonance at Earth's geosynchronous orbit for variable concentrations of He+ and wave frequencies using a dipole magnetic field model. We find that the resonance only occurs over a limited range of wave frequency such that the IIH resonance frequency is close to but not exactly the same as the crossover frequency. Using the wave absorption and EMIC waves observed from the GOES 12 satellite, we demonstrate how this technique can be used to estimate the He+ concentration of around 4% near L = 6.6 assuming electron‐H+‐He+ plasma.
Austral summer N2O sink and source characteristics and their impact factors in Prydz Bay, Antarctica
Authors: Zhan Liyang , Chen Liqi , Zhang Jiexia , Yan Jinpei , Li Yuhong , Wu Man , Xu Suqing , Lin Qi , Pan Jianming , Zhao Jun 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe ocean, particularly the Southern Ocean, is considered a significant source of atmospheric N2O, which is an ozone‐depleting greenhouse gas. However, there are limited data available supporting this conclusion. Thus, this study sampled and analyzed the oceanic N2O in Prydz Bay. The results demonstrated that the distribution of N2O in this embayment differed between the north and south sides of the Antarctic Slope Front (ASF), corresponding to the different hydrographic characteristics on each side. Although the air to sea N2O flux north of the shelf break is ∼−1.20 ± 0.44 μmol m−2 d−1, the source sink characteristics need to be further constrained because the Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW) may occasionally outcrop over the surface layer. The water masses over the continental shelf south of the shelf break may be a temporary or even a permanent N2O sink when sea ice is absent. The air to sea flux south of the shelf break is ∼−3.65 ± 0.95 μmol m−2 d−1, and the water column is undersaturated with N2O, which may result from the deep convection of N2O‐undersaturated surface water during the winter. Evidence also suggests that the formation of Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) may provide a pathway for N2O removal from the upper layer at high latitudes.
Assessment of precipitation anomalies in California using TRMM and MERRA data
Authors: Savtchenko Andrey K. , Huffman George , Vollmer Bruce 
Published: July 2015

AbstractUsing modern satellite (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission, TRMM, 1998–2014) and reanalysis (Modern‐Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, MERRA, 1979–2015) data, we reassess certain aspects of the precipitation climate in California from the past decades. California has a well‐pronounced rain season that peaks in December–February. However, the 95% confidence interval around the climatological precipitation during these months imply that deviations on the order of 60% of the expected amounts are very likely during the most important period of the rain season. While these positive and negative anomalies alternate almost every year and tend to cancel each other, severe multiyear declines of precipitation in California appear on decadal scales. The 1986–1994 decline of precipitation was similar to the current one that started in 2011 and is apparent in the reanalysis data. In terms of accumulated deficits of precipitation, that episode was no less severe than the current one. While El Niño (the warm phase of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation, ENSO) is frequently cited as the natural forcing expected to bring a relief from drought, our assessment is that ENSO has been driving at best only 6% of precipitation variability in California in the past three decades. Using fractional risk analysis of precipitation during typical versus drying periods, we show that the likelihood of losing the most intensive precipitation events drastically increases during the multiyear drying events. Storms delivering up to 50% of the precipitation in California are driven by atmospheric rivers making landfall. However, these phenomena can be suppressed and even blocked by persistent ridges of atmospheric pressure in the northeast Pacific. The reanalysis and satellite data are proven to be reliable to the extent where they yield information on developing conditions and observed precipitation anomalies.
A commercial production route to prepare polymer‐based nanocomposites by unmodified multilayer graphene
Authors: Fu Xubing , Liu Yan , Zhao Xingke , Zhao Dajiang , Yang Guisheng 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTIn this study, we report our progress toward an effective method to prepare polyamide 6 (PA6)/multilayer graphene (MLG) nanocomposites via in situ polymerization. The thermal and mechanical properties of PA6 nanocomposites were investigated with low unmodified MLG content of 0.01–0.5 wt %. The dispersion of MLG sheets in the host matrix was studied in extensive detail while the properties of the resultant nanocomposites were systematically measured. Results indicate that the mechanical properties of the nanocomposites were significantly enhanced; the flexural modulus, flexural strength and impact strength increased by ∼97%, ∼69%, and ∼76% relative to pristine PA6. Furthermore, the thermal stability of nanocomposites was enhanced and the weight loss temperature of PA6 was increased ∼15°C at 0.5 wt % content of MLG. Moreover, incorporation of low loading of MLG can increase the crystallization speed of PA6 composites and promote the formation of the γ‐crystalline phase while also improving the crystallization temperature. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42742.
A Ratiometric Fluorescent Probe for Gold and Mercury Ions
Authors: Üçüncü Muhammed , Karakuş Erman , Emrullahoğlu Mustafa 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA fluorescent probe that displays a ratiometric fluorescence response towards gold and mercury ions has been devised. Emitting at a relatively longer wavelength, the conjugated form of the fluorescent dye transforms in the presence of the gold or mercury ions into a new dye, the molecular structure of which lacks the conjugation and consequently emits at a distinctly shorter wavelength.
An any‐sink energy‐efficient routing protocol in multi‐hop wireless sensor networks for planetary exploration
Authors: Oddi Guido , Pietrabissa Antonio , Liberati Francesco , Di Giorgio Alessandro , Gambuti Raffaele , Lanna Andrea , Suraci Vincenzo , Delli Priscoli Francesco 
Published: July 2015

SummaryWireless sensor networks (WSNs) are made of spatially distributed autonomous sensors, which cooperate to monitor physical or environmental parameters and to deliver such data to one or more data sinks. A promising field of application of WSNs is planetary exploration, characterized by a continuous monitoring of the surface to have clear notion of planet conditions and prepare for future manned missions. The potentially large size of the region to be monitored and the line‐of‐sight limitations (as, for instance, on the Moon, which is the case study discussed in the paper) hamper the possibility of having 1‐hop sensor‐sink communications. Therefore, to allow sensed data to reach the sink(s), the sensors must be able to create and maintain a multi‐hop ad hoc network. This paper proposes an ad hoc routing algorithm applicable to WSNs for planetary exploration, aiming at (i) assuring any‐cast communications with multiple data sinks, (ii) minimizing the control overhead for routing maintenance, (iii) being light in terms of memory/computational requirements, to be installed into low‐power and low‐memory/processing devices, (iv) being rapid to reconfigure in the presence of node failures and (v) optimizing the choice of the paths, to achieve energy balancing and saving. Extensive simulations show the efficiency of the proposed approach. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In sickness and in health: A cross‐sectional analysis of concordance for musculoskeletal pain in 13,507 couples
Authors: Campbell P. , Shraim M. , Jordan K.P. , Dunn K.M. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackgroundMusculoskeletal pain conditions are common and create substantial burden for the individual and society. While research has shown concordance between couples for risk of some diseases, e.g. heart disease or diabetes, little information is available on such effects for musculoskeletal pain conditions. Our aims were to investigate the presence of concordance between couples for consultations about pain, and to examine theoretical influences on such concordance.MethodsThis was a 1‐year cross‐sectional study of musculoskeletal pain consultations in a UK primary care database. In total 27,014 patients (13,507 couples) aged between 30 and 74 years were included. The main outcome measure was the presence of a musculoskeletal morbidity read code indicating a consultation for musculoskeletal conditions (any, back, neck, knee, shoulder, foot, osteoarthritis). Logistic regression was used to test associations with odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).ResultsPatients whose partner had a musculoskeletal pain consultation were also more likely to consult for a musculoskeletal condition (OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.12–1.32). This association was found to be strongest for shoulder disorders (OR 1.91, 95% CI 1.06–3.47). No significant associations were found for other pain conditions.ConclusionResults show that partner concordance is present for consultations for some musculoskeletal conditions but not others. Possible explanations for concordance include the shared health behaviours between couples leading to potential heightened awareness of symptoms. Given the high prevalence of musculoskeletal pain within populations, it may be worth considering further the mechanisms that explain partner concordance.