bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cultural divergence and morphological variation of isolated remnant populations of the endangered Floreana mockingbird
Authors: Reyes Enzo M. R. , Roper Michelle M. , Sevilla Christian , Rueda Danny , Brunton Dianne H. , Smith Adam N. H. , Ortiz-Catedral Luis 
Published: July 2024

Context Cultural divergence refers to changes over time in behavioural traits. These cultural changes could have important implications for conservation planning, and impact the success of conservation efforts such as translocations. Aims Here, we investigate the extent, and potential impacts, of cultural divergence in two isolated populations of the Floreana mockingbird (Mimus trifasciatus) on the Galápagos Islands. Methods Using contemporary recordings of vocalisations we test for spatial vocal differentiation between mockingbird populations. Furthermore, we explore the potential drivers of change using morphological measurements and historical recordings of the species. Key results We found evidence of spatial and temporal differentiation in vocalisations between the two populations of the Floreana mockingbird. We accurately classified over 75% of the birds to the correct populations based on multivariate measures of audio recordings using canonical analysis of principal coordinates (CAP). We also found significant differences in morphometrics between populations; specifically, beak depth was associated with frequency modulation, an acoustic measure that is significantly different between populations. Furthermore, we found evidence of change in the complexity of the vocalisations over a period of 57 years. Conclusions Cultural divergence was found in the two remaining populations of this endangered species. Factors such as changes in morphology and cultural drift might have been influenced the change in vocalisation across time and populations. Implications We highlight the importance of considering behavioural factors when planning reintroductions of endangered species where there is a need to minimise the risk of assortative mating so as to maximise genetic diversity.
The art of the seminar and the power of small things
Authors: Kattago Siobhan 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
Jeffrey Goldfarb’s intellectual engagement in the public sphere is rooted in his commitment to the seminar as a unique form of pedagogy, social interaction, and democratic deliberation. His skill around a table is, however, not only a craft that has been honed in the classroom; Goldfarb’s art of the seminar has also travelled geographically and virtually onto various platforms. His commitment to dialogue continues to serve as a way in which individuals can engage with one another across differences. From his early fascination with conversations around kitchen tables in communist Poland to the Democracy and Diversity Summer Schools that he organised with colleagues while teaching at the New School, from the virtual forums of Deliberately Considered, Public Seminar and The Democracy Seminar to his current professorship at the American University of Afghanistan, Goldfarb invites faculty and students to engage with one another to think critically about the pressing problems of our increasingly fractured world.
ERT-based fetus monitoring system using wearable conductive fabrics
Authors: Khambampati Anil Kumar , Solano Sanchez Felipe Alberto , Jeon Minho , Kim Kyung Youn 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
During pregnancy, it is important to monitor the health of the fetus and fetal movement count is one of the key parameters that can be used to check the health of the fetus. Consequently, there is growing interest in developing non-invasive passive methods for fetal monitoring techniques that can be used outside of clinical settings. This study introduces a home-use system based on electrical resistance tomography that pregnant mothers can utilize for fetus monitoring. The setup utilizes a conductive fabric, functioning as electronic skin (e-skin), positioned on the mother’s abdomen to detect alterations in the fabric’s electrical characteristics caused by fetal movements. This method is validated through both numerical simulations and experimental investigations, which assess conductivity changes on the fabric’s surface in reaction to localized pressure fluctuations, mimicking fetal motions.
Data-driven dynamic inclination angle estimation of monorail crane under complex road conditions
Authors: Liu Zechao , Wu Weimin , Li Jingzhao , Zheng Changlu , Wang Guofeng 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Monorail cranes are crucial in facilitating auxiliary transportation within deep mining operations. As unmanned driving technology becomes increasingly prevalent in monorail crane operations, it encounters challenges such as low accuracy and unreliable attitude recognition, significantly jeopardizing the safety of monorail crane operations. Hence, this study proposes a dynamic inclination estimation methodology utilizing the Estimation-Focused-EKFNet algorithm. Firstly, based on the driving characteristics of the monorail crane, a dynamic inclination model of the monorail crane is established, based on which the dynamic inclination value can be calculated in real-time by the extended Kalman filter (EKF) estimator; however, given the complexity of the driving road conditions, in order to improve the dynamic inclination recognition accuracy, the CNN-LSTM-ATT algorithm combining the convolutional neural network (CNN), the long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network and the attention mechanism (ATT) is used to firstly predict the current dynamic camber is predicted by the CNN-LSTM-ATT algorithm combined with the CNN and the attention mechanism, and then the predicted dynamic inclination value is used as the observation value of the EKF estimator, which finally realizes that the EKF estimator can output the accurate dynamic inclination value in real-time. Experimental results indicate that, compared with the unscented Kalman filter, LSTM-ATT, and CNN-LSTM algorithms, the Estimation-Focused-EKFNet algorithm enhances dynamic inclination recognition in complex road conditions by at least 52.34%, significantly improving recognition reliability. Its recognition accuracy reaches 99.28%, effectively ensuring the safety of unmanned driving for monorail cranes.
MBE-grown ZnTe epitaxial layer based broadband photodetector with high response and excellent switching characteristics
Authors: Tyagi Subodh , Sheoran Hardhyan , Meena Udai Ram , Tiwari Shivansh , Mishra Puspashree , Kumar Shiv , Singh Rajendra 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Zinc telluride (ZnTe) epitaxial layers were grown on gallium arsenide (GaAs) (211) substrate at different growth temperatures by molecular beam epitaxy. The fabricated interdigitated metal semiconductor metal configuration-based photodetector (PD) on ZnTe epitaxial layers exhibited a stable and excellent photo response in a broad spectral range (250–550 nm) up to 125 °C. The room temperature and higher temperature (125 °C) values of maximum current, spectral responsivity and detectivity at an applied bias of 5 V and 550 nm wavelength were 3.5 × 10−8 A, 0.1 A W−1 and 1 × 1011 Jones and 1.7 × 10−6 A, 2.5 A W−1 and 1.5 × 1011 Jones, respectively. The maximum photo-to-dark-current ratio (PDCR) value at zero bias and 100 °C was obtained for the ZnTe layer grown at an optimum growth temperature of 380 °C. The high PDCR value exhibits the self-powered capability of the detector. Furthermore, the detector exhibits good on–off switching to the illuminating light with rise and decay times less than 0.29 s and 0.4 s, respectively, at room temperature. The dependence of the photo response on material quality was analysed by varying the substrate growth temperature. The broadband responsivity of the ZnTe-based PD shows its capability as a multicolour detector in the UV and visible region with the use of suitable blocking filters.
Dynamic responses of normal and partially failed piezoelectric stack actuators under sinusoidal voltages with DC biasing
Authors: Yang Jialin , Mao Yongjian , Qu Bingbing , Yan Xia , Yang Mao , Zhou Bangzhao , Lu Yonggang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Piezoelectric (PZT) stack actuators are widely used in many fields due to the advantages such as small stroke and high force output. However, failures of one or more PZT layers may exist in PZT stacks and then have influences on their performances. This paper investigates dynamic responses of normal and partially failed PZT stack actuators, in order to evaluate the influences of a failed layer at different positions and furthermore explore the rules, which is of great significance for understanding and improving the performances of partially failed PZT stack actuators. Firstly, a group of experiments were performed and responses of PZT stacks were obtained under sinusoidal voltages with DC biasing. Then a multiple degree-of-freedom (DOF) spring-mass system was built as a theoretical model which was verified by the experimental results to simulate output responses of PZT stack actuators. Based on that, the influences of a failed PZT layer at different positions in the stack were obtained by solving the model under various conditions. The results reveal that the farther the failed PZT layer is from the fixed end, the more significant the influences on the displacement or force output of the PZT stack are. Moreover, the rules of influences of a failed PZT layer at different positions were expressed as a general formula which can be used to better understand, evaluate or identify health conditions of PZT stack actuators.
Antibunched N-photon bundles from dark states assisted by ac Stark shift
Authors: Gou Chengdeng , Xu Jun , Wang Fei , Hu Xiangming 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we propose an interesting scheme to generate antibunched N-photon bundles from dark states by using a single-atom cavity quantum electrodynamics system. The dispersive coupling between the atom and cavity introduces a Stark shift to one of the ground states, while the resonant coupling, along with a control field, forms a coherent N-excitation dark state assisted by the shift. Consequently, super-Rabi oscillation is established between the vacuum state and the N-excitation dark state when a probe field weakly couples to two ground states, enabling antibunched N-photon bundle emission within long-lived atomic coherence. As a byproduct, the generated high-efficiency single-photon source with a large mean photon number and high fidelity is of great value in quantum information processing.
Research on high-precision encoder based on optical-magnetic combination structure to measure absolute angle
Authors: Zhao Tai , Zhang Quanbing , Tian Hao , Jiang Yikang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
As a kind of sensor for real-time feedback and dynamic monitoring of angular velocity and angular displacement of the system, the common photoelectric encoder is widely used in many fields such as new energy electric vehicles, servo closed-loop control systems, industrial control, security monitoring. In order to improve the resolution and accuracy, a kind of optical and magnetic combined encoder which combines photoelectricity and multi-pole magnetoelectricity is designed in this paper, where the light-blocking disk of photoelectric sensor is designed according to the pseudo-random sequence, and the photoelectric coding is used to determine the magnetic interval of multi-pole. The absolute angle is calculated according to the number of multiple circles plus the angle of single circle. The experimental results at different temperatures (−40 °C∼100 °C) show that the accuracy of the proposed combined encoder can reach ±0.08°, which is improved by 0.37° compared with that of the single-pole encoder. Finally, the combined encoder was applied to the pan-tilt-zoom (PTZ) camera of a video surveillance enterprise, and the experiment showed that its repeated positioning accuracy reached ±0.02°, which is greatly improved compared with single-pole encoder.
Multilevel dynamics of matter waves scattering in finite potential wells
Authors: Mandujano Miguel A G , Villavicencio J , Romo R 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We explore the dynamics of matter wave scattering in finite potential wells using analytical solutions of the Schrödinger equation within the framework of a quantum shutter model. We find that the incident wave interferes with the bound states of the quantum well, resulting in time-domain oscillations. These oscillations exhibit Rabi-type frequencies, characterised by the energy differences between the incident wave and the bound states of the quantum well. We show that in systems with double-bound states, the interference pattern is characterised by quantum beats in the time-dependent probability density. The period of these beatings depends on the energy difference between the bound states, which can be tuned by controlling the potential parameters. In the general case where bound, anti-bound, and resonant states coexist in the system spectrum, complex oscillations in the probability density arise from the interactions of the incident wave with different quantum states. We demonstrate that the bound states sector can effectively describe this complex behaviour, providing a simple and reliable analytical expression for the probability density in multilevel systems. This formula highlights the significant role of bound states, whose interaction with the incident wave dominates the transient probability density. This contrasts with conventional systems with potential barriers and wells, where resonances govern the wave dynamics.
Low mass naked singularities from dark core collapse
Authors: Chakraborty Chandrachur , Bhattacharyya Sudip , Joshi Pankaj S. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Near-solar mass black holes (BHs) could have been involved in the two recent gravitational wave events, GW190425 and GW190814. Since such a low mass BH cannot be formed via stellar evolution, a model has been proposed based on the core collapse of a neutron star initiated by a certain number of dark matter (DM) particles. In this process, the accumulated DM particles collapse to form a tiny BH inside the neutron star, and the entire neutron star is transmuted into a BH after a certain time due to the accretion of matter by the endoparasitic BH from its host. Here, we argue that, depending on the initial conditions,
a dark core collapse could give rise to either a BH or a naked singularity.
For example, if the accumulated cloud of DM particles in the core of a neutron star can be modeled as an anisotropic fluid and it fulfils the criterion for collapse, an endoparasitic naked singularity could form instead of an endoparasitic BH.
Immediately after its formation, the naked singularity should begin accreting matter from the host neutron star,
thus eventually transmuting the entire host into a near-solar mass, relatively slowly-spinning naked singularity.
We also propose a general technique to constrain the DM particle-neutron scattering cross section using the lack of pulsars near the Galactic centre and assuming that these missing pulsars have already been transmuted into BHs and/or naked singularities.
Thus, the missing pulsars also indicate the existence of many such singularities near the Galactic center.
Investigation of decay mechanisms and associated aspects of exotic nobelium isotopes using the Skyrme energy density formalism*
Authors: Kaur Shubhpreet , Kumar Raj , Sharma Manoj K. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The search for heavy elements has yielded many surprises and enhanced our knowledge of nuclear synthesis and associated dynamical aspects. Although new elements and their associated isotopes have been synthesized, information concerning elements with

, remains scarce. Further, concerning the transfermium elements, the nuclear shell structure is key to ensuring nuclear stability. Hence, the shell effects have key implications on such nuclei. Many experimental and theoretical investigations have been conducted to examine the reactions induced by heavy ions and the subsequent decay mechanisms in the superheavy mass region. In addition, the region of transfermium elements is of great interest because of the neutron/proton shell effects. Here, our objective is to analyze the decay mechanisms of nuclides having Z = 102 nuclei, i.e.,
248No* and 250No*. An extensive study was conducted using the dynamical cluster-decay model (DCM) based on Quantum Mechanical Fragmentation Theory (QMFT). The focus was to investigate compound nucleus (CN) and non-compound nucleus (nCN) mechanisms, including fusion-fission (ff), quasi-fission (QF), and fast fission (FF). The specific isotopes of interest are 248No* and 250No*, with attention given to the role of the center-of-mass energy

and angular momentum

. The nuclear interaction potential was derived using the Skyrme energy density formalism (SEDF) with the GSkI force parameters. The capture cross-sections were calculated using the

-summed Wong Model. The determination of the probability of compound nucleus formation (PCN) involved a function that is dependent upon the center-of-mass energy. The lifetimes of the ff and QF channels were also investigated. Here, CN and nCN decay mechanisms for two isotopes of Z = 102 nobelium were analyzed over the range of center-of-mass values

considering the quadrupole deformation

and optimum orientations

of the decaying fragments. The fragmentation potential, preformation probability, neck length parameter, and reaction cross-sections were explored. Further, PCN was calculated to determine the mechanisms of decay of 248No* and 250No* isotopes. The obtained fusion–fission lifetimes and quasi-fission lifetimes are compared with the dinuclear system (DNS) approach. Among the considered isotopes having Z = 102, i.

e., the 248No* formed in the 40Ca + 208Pb reaction and 250No* formed via two different entrance channels, 44Ca+206Pb and 64Ni+186W, show asymmetric fragmentation with the effect of

deformation at the energies beyond the Coulomb barrier. Of note, the nCN (QF and FF) decay mechanisms compete with the CN fission channels. The calculations based on the DCM show a strong correlation with the experimental data. The most probable fragments, such as 122Sn and 128Te, were observed near the magic shell closure at Z = 50 and N = 82. Further, as the excitation energy increased, the fusion–fission and quasi-fission lifetimes decreased.
Overview of damage to beryllium limiters by unmitigated disruptions and runaway electrons in the JET tokamak with metal walls
Authors: Jepu I. , Widdowson A. , Matthews G.F. , Coad J.P. , Likonen J. , Brezinsek S. , Rubel M. , Pintsuk G. , Petersson P. , Fortuna-Zalesna E. , Grzonka J. , Porosnicu C. , Dinca P. , Pompilian O. , Butoi B. , Moga S. G. , Silburn S. , Kuksenko S. , Alves E. , Catarino N. , Pitts R.A. , Chen L. , Ratynskaia S. ,   JET Contributors
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The Joint European Torus (JET) fusion reactor was upgraded to the metallic wall configuration in 2011 which consisted of bulk beryllium (Be) tiles in the main chamber and bulk tungsten (W) and W-coated CFC tiles in the divertor (Matthews G.F. et al 2011 Phys. Scr.
T148 014001). During each campaign, a series of wall damages were observed; on the upper dump plates (UDP) positioned to the top part of the vessel walls and on the inner wall—mainly affecting the inner wall guard limiters (IWGL). In both cases, it was concluded that the causes of these damages were unmitigated plasma disruptions. In the case of JET with the metallic wall configuration, most of these plasma disruptions were intentionally provoked. The overall objective was to study the behaviour of these phenomena, in order to assess their impact on the wall, improve understanding of morphological material changes, and—based on that—to develop, implement and test mitigation techniques for their prospective use on ITER. The current results bring additional information on the effects of the unmitigated plasma disruptions on the UDPs and are a significant extension of work presented in (Jepu et al 2019 Nucl. Fusion
59 086009) where the scale of the damage after three operational campaigns on the Be top limiters of JET was highlighted. In addition, new data is presented on the damaging effect that the high energetic runaway electrons had on the Be IWGL in JET.
Demonstration of aneutronic p-11B reaction in a magnetic confinement device
Authors: Ogawa K. , Magee R.M. , Tajima T. , Gota H. , McCarroll P. , Allfrey I. , Nuga H. , Isobe M. , Osakabe M. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Aneutronic fusion using commonly available fuel such as hydrogen and boron 11 (11B) is one of the most attractive potential energy sources. On the other hand, it requires 30 times higher temperature than deuterium–tritium fusion in a thermonuclear fusion reactor condition. Development of techniques to realize its potential for the experimental capability to produce proton-boron 11 (p-11B) fusion in the magnetically confined fusion device using neutral beam injection is desired. Here we report clear experimental exploration and measurements of p-11B fusion reactions supported by intense hydrogen beams and impurity powder dropper installed in the magnetic confinement plasma Large Helical Device. We measured a significant amount of fusion alpha particle emission using a custom designed alpha particle detector based on a passivated implanted planar silicon detector. Intense negative-ion-based hydrogen beam injectors created a large population of up to 160 keV energetic protons to react with the boron-injected plasma. The p-11B alpha particles having MeV energy were measured with the alpha particle detector which gave a fusion rate in a good agreement with the global p-11B alpha emission rate calculated based on classical confinement of energetic proton, using experimentally obtained plasma parameters.
Policy support for BECCS and DACCS in Europe: the view of market participants
Authors: Yang Pu , Fankhauser Sam , Smith Stephen M , Sundvor Ingrid , Hirmer Stephanie , Johnstone Injy , Stemmler Joseph 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) is the essential ‘net’ in net zero. However, a thriving CDR industry will not come into being without government intervention. As governments start to devise CDR support policies, this paper solicits the views of market participants in two of the most prominent CDR methods: bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) and direct air carbon capture and storage (DACCS). We survey 47 BECCS and DACCS project developers and financiers active in Europe, conducting in-depth interviews with 27 of them to identify their key challenges and preferred policy interventions to address them. We find that participants prefer compliance markets, such as links to emissions trading systems, to generate demand but seek government support to cushion early market risks. They acknowledge the need for stringent monitoring and regulation to ensure environmental integrity. Bearing industry expectations in mind, policymakers face five key challenges in developing CDR: reaching scale, striking a balance with emissions cuts, safeguarding integrity, ensuring fairness and accelerating the speed of deployment.
Canonical lifts in multisymplectic De Donder–Weyl Hamiltonian field theories
Authors: Guerra IV Arnoldo , Román-Roy Narciso 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We define canonical lifts of vector fields to the multisymplectic multimomentum bundles of De Donder–Weyl Hamiltonian (first-order) field theories and to the appropriate premultisymplectic embedded constraint submanifolds on which singular field theories are studied. These new canonical lifts are used to study the so-called natural Noether symmetries present in both regular and singular Hamiltonian field theories along with their associated conserved quantities obtained from Noether’s theorem. The Klein–Gordon field, the Polyakov bosonic string, and Einstein–Cartan gravity in 3+1 dimensions are analyzed in depth as applications of these concepts; as a peripheral result obtained in the analysis of the bosonic string, we provide a new geometrical interpretation of the well-known Virasoro constraint.