bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adolescents' trait mindfulness and psychological stress: The mediating role of attention
Authors: Zhang Yaoyao , Liu Xin , Wu Huimin , Li Qing , Guo Cheng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntroductionBased on the Combined Cognitive Biases Hypothesis, the current study via two parallel studies aims to explore the potential mediating role of attention biases and attention control regarding the link between trait mindfulness and psychological stress in adolescents.MethodsFor Study 1, we collected self‐reported data from 2123 Chinese adolescents (mean age = 15.6 years, SD = 2.37; 52.8% female) in four schools. The participants completed measures of trait mindfulness, perceived stress, and attention bias. Mediation analysis was employed to investigate the potential mediating effect of attention bias. In Study 2, 123 participants (mean age = 17.7 years, SD = 2.68; 41.46% female) completed the attention network task after inducing attention bias. Then, trait mindfulness and perceived stress were measured. Mediation analysis was employed to investigate the potential mediating effect of attention control (alerting, orienting, and conflict monitoring) under attention bias.ResultsStudy 1 demonstrated a significant mediating effect of negative attention bias ([−0.13, −0.07], p < .05) but not positive attention bias in the relationship between trait mindfulness and psychological stress. Study 2 revealed that conflict monitoring in negative attention bias ([−0.41, −0.16], p < .05), rather than alerting and orienting in negative attention bias, showed a significant mediating effect on the association between trait mindfulness and psychological stress.ConclusionsFindings from the two studies suggest that conflict monitoring during negative attention bias may be the underlying mechanism through which trait mindfulness helps mitigate psychological stress in adolescents.
Design and preparation of hydrogel microspheres for spinal cord injury repair
Authors: Zheng Jian , Chen Ruilin , Hao Jie , Yang Yang , Xu Shaohu , Zhang Feiyu , Zhang Feng , Yao Yu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA severe disorder known as spinal cord damage causes both motor and sensory impairment in the limbs, significantly reducing the patients' quality of life. After a spinal cord injury, functional recovery and therapy have emerged as critical concerns. Hydrogel microspheres have garnered a lot of interest lately because of their enormous promise in the field of spinal cord injury rehabilitation. The material classification of hydrogel microspheres (natural and synthetic macromolecule polymers) and their synthesis methods are examined in this work. This work also covers the introduction of several kinds of hydrogel microspheres and their use as carriers in the realm of treating spinal cord injuries. Lastly, the study reviews the future prospects for hydrogel microspheres and highlights their limitations and problems. This paper can offer feasible ideas for researchers to advance the application of hydrogel microspheres in the field of spinal cord injury.
An Algorithmic Approach to MR Imaging of Hypomyelinating Leukodystrophies
Authors: Sharma Smily , Sundaram Soumya , Kesavadas Chandrasekharan , Thomas Bejoy 
Published: August 2024

Hypomyelinating leukodystrophies (HLDs) are a heterogeneous group of white matter diseases characterized by permanent deficiency of myelin deposition in brain. MRI is instrumental in the diagnosis and recommending genetic analysis, and is especially useful as many patients have a considerable clinical overlap, with the primary presenting complains being global developmental delay with psychomotor regression. Hypomyelination is defined as deficient myelination on two successive MR scans, taken at least 6 months apart, one of which should have been obtained after 1 year of age. Due to subtle differences in MRI features, the need for a systematic imaging approach to diagnose and classify hypomyelinating disorders is reiterated. The presented article provides an explicit review of imaging features of a myriad of primary and secondary HLDs, using state of the art genetically proven MR cases. A systematic pattern‐based approach using MR features and specific clinical clues is illustrated for a quick yet optimal diagnosis of common as well as rare hypomyelinating disorders. The major MR features helping to narrow the differential diagnosis include extent of involvement like diffuse or patchy hypomyelination with selective involvement or sparing of certain white matter structures like optic radiations, median lemniscus, posterior limb of internal capsule and periventricular white matter; cerebellar atrophy; brainstem, corpus callosal or basal ganglia involvement; T2 hypointense signal of the thalami; and presence of calcifications. The authors also discuss the genetic and pathophysiologic basis of HLDs and recent methods to quantify myelin in vivo using advanced neuroradiology tools. The proposed algorithmic approach provides an improved understanding of these rare yet important disorders, enhancing diagnostic precision and improving patient outcomes.Evidence Level4Technical EfficacyStage 5
Surface adhered titanium particles on 3D printed off‐the‐shelf acetabular cups
Authors: Nicum Arya , Di Laura Anna , Hothi Harry , Henckel Johann , Schlueter‐Brust Klaus , Hart Alister 
Published: August 2024

Abstract3D printing is a rapidly growing manufacturing method of medical implants. In orthopedics, this method enables the construction of complex porous structures with the aim of improved bone fixation. A known by‐product of the 3D printing process is surface adhered particles which are often challenging to remove from the strut surfaces of the porous region. This study investigates the presence of these particles in the porous region of unused 3D printed off‐the‐shelf acetabular cup from five manufacturers. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and image analysis software were used to determine the frequency and diameters of particles present on these implants. Surface adhered particles were found in the porous structures of all implants with some exhibiting more particles at the subsurface level than the surface level. Implants manufactured via Selective Laser Melting (SLM) exhibited a higher number of surface adhered particles per mm2 at both the surface and subsurface levels than those manufactured by Electron Beam Melting (EBM). Additionally, and consistent with previous literature, the particle diameter of the SLM cups was found to be smaller than those on the EBM cups, as well as having a visually lower level of adherence which could raise concern about the likelihood of breakage of these particles in‐vivo.
Impacts of nitrogen fertilization on CO2 efflux with and without organic amendments in a high‐pH soil
Authors: Zhao Haolin , Zhu Zhu , Wang Xiujun , Xu Minggang , Huang Ni 
Published: August 2024

AbstractOrganic amendments and nitrogen fertilization are common practices in agriculture, which have complex influences on the carbon cycle. To evaluate the effects of nitrogen‐organic carbon combination on CO2 efflux, we conducted a field incubation experiment with control, N fertilization without and with straw/biochar amendments for 20 months in a typical soil of North China Plain. CO2 efflux was measured every ~3–4 weeks, and water‐extractable organic carbon and soil microbial biomass carbon were analyzed in spring, summer, and autumn. Our results showed an asymmetric seasonality (slow increase in spring but rapid decrease in fall) in the control and biochar treatments, but a symmetric seasonality under straw treatments. Organic amendments with N fertilization caused an increase of CO2 efflux in most seasons (comparing without N fertilization), with a much greater increase in spring–summer of the first year (22%–35%) than the second year (1%–3%). Nitrogen fertilization caused a much greater increase in cumulative CO2 efflux with biochar (7%–13%) and with straw treatment (20%) than without organic amendments (3%) over the period of 20 months. SIC content showed an increase under organic amendments, with a greater increase under biochar amendments than straw amendments. The increases of CO2 efflux under nitrogen‐biochar and nitrogen‐straw combinations could be explained mainly by enhanced decomposition of SOC, biochar, and straw rather than SIC dissolution. Our study indicated that biochar amendments were more effective for carbon sequestration than straw amendments and nitrogen fertilization with organic amendments could cause changes in various processes of CO2 production in the cropland of north China.
Access to Medicines for Parkinson's Disease in Kenya: A Qualitative Exploration
Authors: Fothergill‐Misbah Natasha , Hooker Juzar , Kwasa Judith , Walker Richard 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe accessibility of Parkinson's disease medicines is limited across sub‐Saharan Africa, which can have negative health, social and financial consequences for people with Parkinson's disease and their families. However, there is a stark gap in the literature regarding the impact of poor access to medicines on individuals.ObjectivesThe study objective was to understand the accessibility of Parkinson's disease medicines in Kenya from the perspective of people with Parkinson's disease, their caregivers and neurologists.MethodsIn‐depth qualitative interviews were conducted with 55 people with Parkinson's disease, 23 caregivers and 8 neurologists to understand their experience regarding challenges with accessing Parkinson's disease medicines and the health, social and financial impact of poor availability and affordability.ResultsMedicines for Parkinson's disease were deemed to be largely unavailable and unaffordable across Kenya. People with Parkinson's disease, caregivers and neurologists expressed the financial burden caused by long‐term treatment in the absence of health insurance coverage. Further, barriers accessing medicines negatively impacted symptom control, social relations, and quality of life.ConclusionsAccess to Parkinson's disease medicines in Kenya is limited, with severe implications for symptom management and quality of life. People with Parkinson's disease should be able to access and afford the medicines they need to manage their condition.
High‐throughput study of X‐ray‐induced synthesis of flower‐like CuxO
Authors: Hu Qingyun , Zhu Lingyue , Zhuang Genmao , Wang Hong , Ren Yang , Hui Jian 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCuxO with flower‐like hierarchical structures has attracted significant research interest due to its intriguing morphologies and unique properties. The conventional methods for synthesizing such complex structures are costly and require rigorous experimental conditions. Recently, the X‐ray irradiation has emerged as a promising method for the rapid fabrication of precisely controlled CuxO shapes in large areas under environmentally friendly conditions. Nevertheless, the morphological regulation of the X‐ray‐induced synthesis of the CuxO is a multi‐parameter optimization task. Therefore, it is essential to quantitatively reveal the interplay between these parameters and the resulting morphology. In this work, we employed a high‐throughput experimental data‐driven approach to investigate the kinetics of X‐ray‐induced reactions and the impact of key factors, including sputtering power, film thickness, and annealing of precursor Cu thin films on the morphologies of CuxO. For the first time, the flower‐like CuxO nanostructures were synthesized using X‐ray radiation at ambient condition. This research proposes an eco‐friendly and cost‐effective strategy for producing CuxO with customizable morphologies. Furthermore, it enhances comprehension of the underlying mechanisms of X‐ray‐induced morphological modification, which is essential for optimizing the synthesis process and expanding the potential applications of flower‐like structures.
AAPM Task Group Report 325: MRI static magnetic field homogeneity measurement and evaluation procedures – Guidance and resources
Authors: Brunnquell Christina L , Andrews Trevor J , Fielden Samuel W , Huff Kathryn , Jordan David W , O'Shea Michael T , Ragan Dustin K , Tressler Michael A , Salzillo Travis C , Och Joseph 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMeasurement of static magnetic field (B0) homogeneity is an essential component of routine MRI system evaluation. This report summarizes the work of AAPM Task Group (TG) 325 on vendor‐specific methods of B0 homogeneity measurement and evaluation. TG 325 was charged with producing a set of detailed, step‐by‐step instructions to implement B0 homogeneity measurement methods discussed in the American College of Radiology (ACR) MRI Quality Control Manual using specific makes and models of MRI scanners. The TG produced such instructions for as many approaches as was relevant and practical on six currently available vendor platforms including details of software/tools, settings, phantoms, and other experimental details needed for a reproducible protocol. Because edits to these instructions may need to be made as vendors enter and exit the market and change available tools, interfaces, and access levels over time, the step‐by‐step instructions are published as a living document on the AAPM website. This summary document provides an introduction to B0 homogeneity testing in MRI and several of the common methods for its measurement and evaluation. A living document on the AAPM website provides vendor‐specific step‐by‐step instructions for performing these tests to facilitate accurate and reproducible B0 homogeneity evaluation on a routine basis.
Assessment of fused deposition modeling (FDM) parameters for fabrication of solid and hollow microneedles using polylactic acid (PLA)
Authors: Kouassi Marie‐Carole , Kallel Achraf , Abdallah Abir Ben , Nouira Samia , Ballut Sébastien , Fitoussi Joseph , Shirinbayan Mohammadali 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates the limits of a Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) process for the fabrication of solid and hollow microneedle patches. Polylactic acid (PLA), a biodegradable and biocompatible polymer, was used as the printing material. For solid microneedles, the effect of 3D printing parameters on the final quality of printed microneedles was studied. In addition, the microneedles dimensions were varied to obtain microneedles with minimal dimensions and then, to highlight the limitations of the printer used. Solid microneedle with a needle tip diameter of 348 ± 13 μm; a needle base diameter of 744 ± 25 μm and a height of 1488 ± 18 μm as minimal dimensions were successfully printed. The FDM technique, when combined with chemical post‐fabrication etching, effectively improved the size and shape of the printed solid microneedles. However, despite efforts to print hollow microneedles, the FDM process proved insufficient for achieving the desired hollow structures, indicating the need for alternative methods or techniques. Hydrolysis treatment has reduced the dimensions of the printed PLA‐based microneedles. On the other hand, printing tests were carried out to make hollow microneedle patches. The drug reservoir is a part of the microneedle patch, located within the base of the patch. The orientation of the printed object and the addition of supports to the drug reservoir were studied to facilitate the printing of hollow parts.
Sirolimus for vascular anomalies associated with PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome
Authors: Zabeida Alexandra , Brzezinski Jack J. , Wasserman Jonathan D. , Cytrynbaum Cheryl , Weksberg Rosanna , Zwicker Kelley , Zbuk Kevin , Gasparetto Alessandro , Willis Laura , Fantauzzi Michelle , Carcao Manuel 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPhosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS) is a rare condition associated with vascular anomalies and increased tumor risk. Sirolimus, an mTOR inhibitor used for managing vascular anomalies is underexplored in PHTS. A single‐institution retrospective review of children with PHTS and vascular anomalies treated with sirolimus identified seven patients. Median age at sirolimus initiation was 10 years. After a median 2.5‐year follow‐up, six of seven patients (86%) showed significant clinical improvement. No significant adverse effects were observed, except mild buccal ulcers and acne. This study supports sirolimus as an effective and safe treatment for vascular anomalies in a small group of children with PHTS.
Two masked prime arrows simultaneously affect a response to a target: Revealing of an additive unconscious priming effect
Authors: Tu Shen , Yan Jiuhong , Liu Chengzhen , Lv Jieyu , Jou Jerwen , Qiu Jiang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSince there are many sources of unconscious information in our minds, there is a possibility that multiple channels of unconscious information can affect a response at the same time. However, this question has been largely ignored by researchers. In the present study, we presented two opposite pointing arrows as the masked primes followed by a target arrow. The results suggested that the two directions in which the two prime arrows are pointing influenced the response to the target simultaneously and additively, that is, the overall priming effect caused by the two opposite pointing prime arrows was equal to the net effect of the individual congruent effect elicited by the same pointing prime arrow and the individual incongruent priming effect induced by the prime arrow poitning in the opposite direction. In addition, in Experiment 1, a biased delayed response to the target was observed when the target arrow and the opposite pointing prime arrow were closely positioned in space due to Gestalt continuity and closure grouping. According to these results, the “independent unconscious influence” and “reverse unconscious selection” hypotheses are proposed.
Stabilization of the open conformation οf insulin‐regulated aminopeptidase by a novel substrate‐selective small‐molecule inhibitor
Authors: Mpakali Anastasia , Georgaki Galateia , Buson Alberto , Findlay Alison D. , Foot Jonathan S. , Mauvais Francois‐Xavier , van Endert Peter , Giastas Petros , Hamprecht Dieter W. , Stratikos Efstratios 
Published: August 2024

AbstractInsulin‐regulated aminopeptidase (IRAP) is an enzyme with important biological functions and the target of drug‐discovery efforts. We combined in silico screening with a medicinal chemistry optimization campaign to discover a nanomolar inhibitor of IRAP based on a pyrazolylpyrimidine scaffold. This compound displays an excellent selectivity profile versus homologous aminopeptidases, and kinetic analysis suggests it utilizes an uncompetitive mechanism of action when inhibiting the cleavage of a typical dipeptidic substrate. Surprisingly, the compound is a poor inhibitor of the processing of the physiological cyclic peptide substrate oxytocin and a 10mer antigenic epitope precursor but displays a biphasic inhibition profile for the trimming of a 9mer antigenic peptide. While the compound reduces IRAP‐dependent cross‐presentation of an 8mer epitope in a cellular assay, it fails to block in vitro trimming of select epitope precursors. To gain insight into the mechanism and basis of this unusual selectivity for this inhibitor, we solved the crystal structure of its complex with IRAP. The structure indicated direct zinc(II) engagement by the pyrazolylpyrimidine scaffold and revealed that the compound binds to an open conformation of the enzyme in a pose that should block the conformational transition to the enzymatically active closed conformation previously observed for other low‐molecular‐weight inhibitors. This compound constitutes the first IRAP inhibitor targeting the active site that utilizes a conformation‐specific mechanism of action, provides insight into the intricacies of the IRAP catalytic cycle, and highlights a novel approach to regulating IRAP activity by blocking its conformational rearrangements.
Dual actions of chloroinconazide on pepper blight in Capsicum annuum: disruption of Phytophthora capsici mycelium and activation of CaCNGC9‐mediated SA signaling
Authors: Zhu Xin , Zou Aihong , Liao Rui , Zhang Jianjian , Liu Changyun , Wang Chuanxiang , Hao Chunyan , Cheng Daoquan , Chen Lunfei , Sun Xianchao 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDPepper blight, caused by Phytophthora capsici, is a devastating disease that seriously threatens pepper production worldwide. With the emergence of resistance in P. capsici against conventional fungicides, there is an urgent need to explore novel alternatives for pepper blight management. This study aims to assess the inhibitory effect of chloroinconazide (CHI), a compound synthesized from tryptophan, against pepper blight, and to explore its potential mechanisms of action.RESULTSThe results demonstrated that CHI effectively targeted P. capsici, disrupting its growth and mycelial structure, which resulted in the release of dissolved intracellular substances. Additionally, CHI significantly inhibited the sporangium formation, zoospores release, and zoospores germination, thereby reducing the re‐infection of P. capsici. In contrast, the commercial pesticide methylaxyl only inhibited mycelial growth and had limited effect on re‐infection, while azoxystrobin inhibited re‐infection but had a weak inhibitory effect on mycelial growth. Furthermore, CHI activated the salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathway‐mediated immune response to inhibit P. capsici infection in pepper, with this activation being contingent upon cyclic nucleotide‐gated ion channel CaCNGC9.CONCLUSIONCHI exhibited potent dual inhibitory effects on P. capsici by disrupting mycelial structure and activating the CaCNGC9‐mediated SA signaling pathway. These dual mechanisms of action suggested that CHI could serve as a promising alternative chemical fungicide for the effective management of pepper blight, offering a new approach to control this devastating disease. Our findings highlighted the potential of CHI as a sustainable and efficient solution to combat the increasing resistance of P. capsici to conventional fungicides, ensuring better crop protection and yield. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
A novel structural reliability analysis method combining the improved beluga whale optimization and the arctangent function‐based maximum entropy method
Authors: Wang Yufeng , Li Yonghua , Zhang Dongxu , Zhang Duo , Chai Min 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA novel structural reliability analysis method that combines the improved beluga whale optimization (IBWO) and the arctangent function‐based maximum entropy method (AMEM) is proposed in this paper. It aims to augment the accuracy of failure probability prediction in structural reliability analysis based on the traditional maximum entropy method (MEM). First, the arctangent function is introduced to avoid the effects of truncation error and numerical overflow in the traditional MEM. The arctangent function can nonlinearly transform the structural performance function defined on the infinite interval into a transformed performance function defined on the bounded interval. Subsequently, the undetermined Lagrange multipliers in the maximum entropy probability density function (MEPDF) of the transformed performance function are obtained using IBWO at a swifter convergence speed with heightened convergence accuracy. Finally, the MEPDF of the transformed performance function can be obtained by combining the IBWO and AMEM, and the structural failure probability can be predicted. The analysis of the metro bogie frame as an engineering example reveals that compared with the traditional MEM using the genetic algorithm to solve the Lagrange multipliers, the proposed method diminishes the relative error in failure probability prediction from 20.51% to only 0.09%. This method significantly enhances the prediction accuracy of failure probability.