bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Within‐population polymorphism of sex‐determination systems in the common frog (Rana temporaria)
Authors: Rodrigues N. , Betto‐Colliard C. , Jourdan‐Pineau H. , Perrin N. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIn sharp contrast with birds and mammals, the sex chromosomes of ectothermic vertebrates are often undifferentiated, for reasons that remain debated. A linkage map was recently published for Rana temporaria (Linnaeus, 1758) from Fennoscandia (Eastern European lineage), with a proposed sex‐determining role for linkage group 2 (LG2). We analysed linkage patterns in lowland and highland populations from Switzerland (Western European lineage), with special focus on LG2. Sibship analyses showed large differences from the Fennoscandian map in terms of recombination rates and loci order, pointing to large‐scale inversions or translocations. All linkage groups displayed extreme heterochiasmy (total map length was 12.2 cM in males, versus 869.8 cM in females). Sex determination was polymorphic within populations: a majority of families (with equal sex ratios) showed a strong correlation between offspring phenotypic sex and LG2 paternal haplotypes, whereas other families (some of which with female‐biased sex ratios) did not show any correlation. The factors determining sex in the latter could not be identified. This coexistence of several sex‐determination systems should induce frequent recombination of X and Y haplotypes, even in the absence of male recombination. Accordingly, we found no sex differences in allelic frequencies on LG2 markers among wild‐caught male and female adults, except in one high‐altitude population, where nonrecombinant Y haplotypes suggest sex to be entirely determined by LG2. Multifactorial sex determination certainly contributes to the lack of sex‐chromosome differentiation in amphibians.
Response of Tribolium castaneum and Rhyzopertha dominica to various resources, near and far from grain storage
Authors: Ahmad F. , Ridley A. W. , Daglish G. J. , Burrill P. R. , Walter G. H. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractTribolium castaneum (Herbst) and Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) are common cosmopolitan pests of stored grain and grain products. We evaluated the relative attraction of T. castaneum and R. dominica to wheat, sorghum and cotton seeds in the field, near grain storage facilities and well away from storages in southern and central Queensland using multiple trapping techniques. The results show that T. castaneum is more strongly attracted to linted cotton seed relative to wheat, whereas R. dominica did not respond to cotton seed at all and was attracted only to wheat. Significantly more adults of T. castaneum (10–15 times) were attracted to traps placed on the ground, near grain storage, than to equivalent traps that were suspended (1.5 m above the ground) nearby. These results suggest that Tribolium beetles detect and respond to resources towards the end of their dispersal flight, after which they localize resources while walking. By contrast R. dominica was captured only in suspended traps, which suggests they fly directly onto resources as they localize them. The ability of both species to colonize and reproduce in isolated resource patches within the relatively short time of 1 month is illustrated by the returns from the traps deployed in the field (at least 1 km from the nearest stored grain) even though they caught only a few beetles. The results presented here provide novel insights about the resource location behaviours of both T. castaneum and R. dominica. In particular, the relationship of T. castaneum with non‐cereal resources that are not conventionally associated with this species suggests an emphasis on these other resources in investigating the resource location behaviour of these beetles. This new perspective on the ecology of T. castaneum highlights the potential role of non‐cereal resources (such as the lint on cotton seed) in the spread of grain pest infestations.
Big Roles of Small Kinases: The Complex Functions of Receptor‐Like Cytoplasmic Kinases in Plant Immunity and Development
Authors: Lin Wenwei , Ma Xiyu , Shan Libo , He Ping 
Published: May 2013

AbstractPlants have evolved a large number of receptor‐like cytoplasmic kinases (RLCKs) that often functionally and physically associate with receptor‐like kinases (RLKs) to modulate plant growth, development and immune responses. Without any apparent extracellular domain, RLCKs relay intracellular signaling often via RLK complex‐mediated transphosphorylation events. Recent advances have suggested essential roles of diverse RLCKs in concert with RLKs in regulating various cellular and physiological responses. We summarize here the complex roles of RLCKs in mediating plant immune responses and growth regulation, and discuss specific and overlapping functions of RLCKs in transducing diverse signaling pathways.imagePing He(Corresponding author)
Coexistence of Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease type 1A and anti‐MAG neuropathy
Authors: Piscosquito Giuseppe , Salsano Ettore , Ciano Claudia , Palamara Luisa , Morbin Michela , Pareyson Davide 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAt age 35, a man with a genetic diagnosis of Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease type 1A (CMT1A) but no family history of neuropathy and no clinical symptoms developed rapidly progressive loss of balance, distal limb numbness, loss of manual dexterity, and hand tremor. Five years later, he walked with support and had mild pes cavus, marked sensory ataxia, severe leg and hand weakness, absent deep tendon reflexes (DTRs), severe sensory loss, and hand tremor. He had dramatically reduced motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV), strikingly prolonged motor distal latencies, absent sensory action potentials and lower limb compound muscle action potentials. CMT1A duplication was reconfirmed but the dramatic change in his clinical course suggested a superimposed acquired neuropathy. An IgM‐kappa monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance (MGUS) with high titer anti‐myelin associated glycoprotein (anti‐MAG) activity was found. Nerve biopsy showed severe loss of myelinated fibers with onion bulbs, no evidence of uncompacted myelin, and few IgM deposits. Rituximab was given and he improved. It is very likely that this is a chance association of two rare and slowly progressive neuropathies; rapidly worsening course may have been due to a “double hit”. Interestingly, there are reports of possible superimposition of dysimmune neuropathies on hereditary ones, and the influence of the immune system on inherited neuropathies is matter for debate.
Use of serotonin reuptake inhibitors in patients with psoriasis is associated with a decreased need for systemic psoriasis treatment: a population‐based cohort study
Authors: Thorslund K. , Svensson T. , Nordlind K. , Ekbom A. , Fored C. M. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate whether psoriasis is affected by the use of serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).DesignA population‐based cohort study.SettingThe general adult population with plaque psoriasis in Sweden between 1997 and 2006.SubjectsA total of 69 830 patients with plaque psoriasis were identified in the National Patient Register. Whether study subjects were exposed to SSRIs was identified through the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register. The SSRI‐exposed subjects (n = 1282) had a prescription for SSRIs dispensed twice during 6 months at a Swedish pharmacy between 1 July 2006 and 1 April 2008, with a wash‐out period of 1 year or longer. The reference subjects (n = 1282), who were not exposed to SSRIs, were matched for age, county of residence, sex, psoriasis severity and seasonal variation.Main outcome measureChange in psoriasis severity defined by switching between nonsystemic and systemic psoriasis treatments 6 months after exposure to SSRIs.ResultsThe risk of switching from nonsystemic to systemic psoriasis treatments was significantly decreased in the SSRI‐exposed group (odds ratio 0.44, 95% confidence interval 0.28–0.68).ConclusionSSRI use in patients with psoriasis is associated with a decreased need for systemic psoriasis treatment.
Effectiveness of Coating Acrylic Resin Dentures on Preventing Candida Adhesion
Authors: Ali Aiman A. , Alharbi Fahad A. , Suresh C.S. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to prevent the adhesion of C. albicans on acrylic resin dentures by modifying their surfaces.Materials and MethodsNinety acrylic resin plates were divided into three groups. Group I: conventionally processed acrylic resin plates. Group II: plates painted with 2‐Octyl Cyanoacrylate adhesive. Group III: plates painted with Adper Single Bond Adhesive. All specimens were immersed separately in containers filled with artificial saliva that contained C. albicans and then incubated for 11 days at 37°C. Three methods of evaluation were used to count the adhered Candida: direct culture, slide count, and serial dilutions.ResultsC. albicans in 1/10, 1/102, and 1/103 dilutions showed overgrowth in group I, while overgrowth was noted only with 1/10 dilution in group III. For group III, mean colony numbers of 123, 22, 3.4, and 0 were found for the 1/102, 1/103, 1/104, and 1/105 dilutions, respectively. Regarding the slide counts, group I showed a mean fungal count of 166 compared to 40 for group III with 1/10 dilution, 21 compared to 9 with 1/102 dilution, 8.6 compared to 0.7 with 1/103 dilution, and 1.2 compared to 0 with 1/104 dilution. No plates in group II showed any candidal colonies regardless of the method of evaluation (0%). These differences were statistically significant (p < 0.0001).ConclusionCoating the acrylic resin dentures with Adper Single Bond Adhesive was effective in reducing C. albicans adhesion to dentures, while coating with 2‐Octyl Cyanoacrylate adhesive completely inhibited such adhesion.
Population pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic modelling and simulation of neutropenia induced by TP300, a novel topoisomerase I inhibitor
Authors: Saito Tomohisa , Iida Satofumi , Abe Masaichi , Jones Keith , Kawanishi Takehiko , Twelves Chris 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Objectives
TP300 is a novel topoisomerase I inhibitor with neutropenia as a significant toxicity. We developed and evaluated a pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) model, using data from Phase I and II trials to predict neutrophil decrease in patients treated with TP300.

Methods
Plasma drug concentrations of TP300, its active form TP3076 and active metabolite TP3011 and absolute neutrophil counts (ANCs) from a Phase I trial were analysed as a training dataset. A two-plus-two-compartment model was applied to the pharmacokinetics of TP3076 and TP3011. A semi-mechanistic model was used to describe the PK-PD relationship between the plasma concentration of TP3076 and TP3011, and changes in ANC.

Key findings
The model fitted well to plasma concentrations of TP3076 and TP3011. Model appropriateness was confirmed in a Phase II trial validation dataset. Body weight and liver biochemistry values were identified as covariates. A semi-mechanistic PK-PD model was applied and the longitudinal decrease in ANC was simulated. Neutrophil counts reached their nadir approximately 2 weeks after administration of TP300, and the proportion of subjects affected increased with dose.

Conclusions
This PK-PD model to predict neutropenia following treatment with TP300 fitted well the decrease in ANC with total concentration of TP3076 and TP3011.
Cholinergic basal forebrain structures are involved in the mediation of the arousal effect of noradrenaline
Authors: Lelkes Zoltán , Porkka‐Heiskanen Tarja , Stenberg Dag 
Published: May 2013

SummaryCholinergic basal forebrain structures are implicated in cortical arousal and regulation of the sleep–wake cycle. Cholinergic neurones are innervated by noradrenergic terminals, noradrenaline excites them via alpha‐1 receptors and microinjection of noradrenaline into the basal forebrain enhances wakefulness. However, it is not known to what extent the cholinergic versus non‐cholinergic basal forebrain projection neurones contribute to the arousing effects of noradrenaline. To elucidate the roles of cholinergic basal forebrain structures we administered methoxamine, an alpha‐1‐adrenergic agonist into the basal forebrain, in intact animals and again after selective destruction of the basal forebrain cholinergic cells by 192 IgG‐saporin. In eight male Han–Wistar rats implanted with electroencephalogram/electromyogram electrodes, a microdialysis probe targeted into the basal forebrain was perfused with artificial cerebrospinal fluid for 6 h on a baseline day, and with cerebrospinal fluid in the first and with methoxamine in the second 3‐h period of the subsequent day. The sleep–wake activity was recorded for 24 h on both days. Saporin was then injected into the basal forebrain and 2 weeks later the same experimental schedule (with cerebrospinal fluid and methoxamine) was repeated. In the intact animals, methoxamine exhibited a robust arousing effect and non‐rapid eye movement (NREM) and REM sleep was suppressed. Lesioning of the basal forebrain cholinergic neurones abolished almost completely the NREM sleep‐suppressing effect of methoxamine, whereas the REM sleep‐suppressing effect remained intact. Thus, the basal forebrain cholinergic neurones mediate, at least in part, cortical arousal and non‐REM sleep‐suppression, but they are not involved in the REM sleep‐suppressing effects of noradrenaline.
Stacks: an analysis tool set for population genomics
Authors: Catchen Julian , Hohenlohe Paul A. , Bassham Susan , Amores Angel , Cresko William A. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractMassively parallel short‐read sequencing technologies, coupled with powerful software platforms, are enabling investigators to analyse tens of thousands of genetic markers. This wealth of data is rapidly expanding and allowing biological questions to be addressed with unprecedented scope and precision. The sizes of the data sets are now posing significant data processing and analysis challenges. Here we describe an extension of theStackssoftware package to efficiently use genotype‐by‐sequencing data for studies of populations of organisms.Stacksnow produces core population genomic summary statistics andSNP‐by‐SNPstatistical tests. These statistics can be analysed across a reference genome using a smoothed sliding window.Stacksalso now provides several output formats for several commonly used downstream analysis packages. The expanded population genomics functions inStackswill make it a useful tool to harness the newest generation of massively parallel genotyping data for ecological and evolutionary genetics.
Solanum resistance genes against Phytophthora infestans and their corresponding avirulence genes
Authors: Rodewald Jan , Trognitz Bodo 
Published: May 2013

SummaryResistance genes against Phytophthora infestans (Rpi genes), the most important potato pathogen, are still highly valued in the breeding of Solanum spp. for enhanced resistance. The Rpi genes hitherto explored are localized most often in clusters, which are similar between the diverse Solanum genomes. Their distribution is not independent of late maturity traits. This review provides a summary of the most recent important revelations on the genomic position and cloning of Rpi genes, and the structure, associations, mode of action and activity spectrum of Rpi and corresponding avirulence (Avr) proteins. Practical implications for research into and application of Rpi genes are deduced and combined with an outlook on approaches to address remaining issues and interesting questions. It is evident that the potential of Rpi genes has not been exploited fully.
Stomatal responses to changes in vapor pressure deficit reflect tissue‐specific differences in hydraulic conductance
Authors: OCHELTREE T. W. , NIPPERT J. B. , PRASAD P. V. V. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe vapor pressure deficit (D) of the atmosphere can negatively affect plant growth as plants reduce stomatal conductance to water vapor (gwv) in response to increasing D, limiting the ability of plants to assimilate carbon. The sensitivity of gwv to changes in D varies among species and has been correlated with the hydraulic conductance of leaves (Kleaf), but the hydraulic conductance of other tissues has also been implicated in plant responses to changing D. Among the 19 grass species, we found that Kleaf was correlated with the hydraulic conductance of large longitudinal veins (Klv, r2 = 0.81), but was not related to Kroot (r2 = 0.01). Stomatal sensitivity to D was correlated with Kleaf relative to total leaf area (r2 = 0.50), and did not differ between C3 and C4 species. Transpiration (E) increased in response to D, but 8 of the 19 plants showed a decline in E at high D, indicative of an ‘apparent feedforward’ response. For these individuals, E began to decline at lower values of D in plants with low Kroot (r2 = 0.72). These results show the significance of both leaf and root hydraulic conductance as drivers of plant responses to evaporative demand.
Management of intratonsillar abscess in children
Authors: Ulualp Seckin O. , Koral Korgun , Margraf Linda , Deskin Ronald 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to assess outcomes of medical and surgical treatment of intratonsillar abscess in children.MethodsThe medical charts of children with intratonsillar abscess were reviewed to obtain information on history and physical examination, imaging, management, and follow‐up assessment.ResultsEleven children (six male, five female; age range, 4–18 years) were identified. The common complaints included sore throat, fever, and odynophagia. Asymmetric tonsil hypertrophy was present in nine patients and erythema of tonsils in all patients. Peritonsillar fullness was present in three patients. One patient needed emergency intubation due to respiratory compromise. Computed tomography indicated unilateral intratonsillar abscess in nine patients, bilateral intratonsillar abscess in one, and unilateral phlegmon in one. Inflammatory changes were observed in the parapharyngeal space in all patients, retropharyngeal space in one, and pyriform sinus and aryepiglottic folds in two. Antibiotic treatment included clindamycin in seven patients, ampicillin/sulbactam in one, and clindamycin plus ceftriaxone in three. The patients with respiratory compromise underwent surgery prior to antibiotic treatment. Patients with isolated intratonsillar abscess or phlegmon had resolution of their symptoms with i.v. antibiotic treatment. Patients with combination of intratonsillar and peritonsillar abscess required incision and drainage of peritonsillar abscess.ConclusionsClinically stable children with intratonsillar abscess or phlegmon respond to i.v. antibiotic therapy. Surgical drainage can accomplish clinical resolution in the presence of a combination of intra‐ and peri‐tonsillar abscess, airway compromise, or unresponsiveness to medical treatment.
Low CD8 T cells in neonates and infants prior to surgery, and health‐care‐associated infections: Prospective observational study
Authors: Grosek Stefan , Petrin Ziva , Kopitar Andreja Natasa , Grosek Jan , Erzen Janez , Gmeiner Tanja Stopar , Petreska Mirjana , Primozic Janez , Ihan Alojz 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundMajor surgery suppresses the cell‐mediated immune response in children and adults. Data on preoperative and postoperative T‐cell counts in pediatric surgical patients and their relationship to health‐care‐associated infection (HAI) are not yet known.MethodsA prospective observational study was carried out in a level III multidisciplinary neonatal and pediatric intensive care unit. Before and after, and in the first 3 days after surgery, lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood were measured in 28 neonates and infants on flow cytometry. HAI were classified according to CDC/NHSN criteria.ResultsSix out of 28 neonates and infants (21.4%) developed HAI (group I‐HAI), while 22 out of 28 (78.6%) remained infection free (group II‐non‐HAI). In group I with HAI, the preoperative median cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte (CD8‐T‐cell) level was found to be below normal, and remained very low throughout the study period. In addition, the median and interquartile CD8 T‐cell range (358 cells/μL; 304–424 cells/μL) were twice as low compared to group II without HAI (822 cells/μL; 522–933 cells/μL; P = 0.013). No differences were found between the two groups with regard to patient demographics and clinical data.ConclusionNeonates and infants who underwent a major surgical procedure and who had a very low preoperative CD8 T‐cell level, developed HAI postoperatively.
The imaging Maastricht Acute Stress Test (iMAST): A neuroimaging compatible psychophysiological stressor
Authors: Quaedflieg Conny W. E. M. , Meyer T. , Smeets T. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractSeveral protocols have been developed for inducing acute stress in laboratory settings. Still, effectively eliciting stress in a neuroimaging environment remains challenging. Here, we describe the evaluation of a combined physical and psychosocial stress protocol (n = 42). The imaging Maastricht Acute Stress Test (iMAST) consists of a 5‐min preparation phase and a 10‐min acute stress phase, with alternating trials of cold pressor stress generated through an advanced thermal stimulator and mental arithmetic challenges along with social‐evaluative pressure (i.e., negative feedback). Results demonstrate that participants displayed meaningful subjective stress responses, as well as significant increases in salivary alpha‐amylase and cortisol levels. Our data show that the iMAST may prove to be a potent alternative to existing imaging stress paradigms to explore poststress neuronal changes and brain determinants of resilience.
Hemodynamic, hemostatic, and endothelial reactions to acute psychological stress in depressed patients following coronary angiography
Authors: Plourde Annik , Lavoie Kim L. , Ouellet Karine , Carroll Douglas , Ring Christopher , Bacon Simon L. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAlthough there is evidence that depression is associated with an increased risk for coronary artery disease (CAD), the mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear. This study examined the association between depression and hemodynamic, hemostatic, and endothelial responses to psychological stress. Seventy‐two postcoronary angiography patients completed a mental stress task. Blood pressure, heart rate, and impedance cardiography were recorded at rest and during the task. Blood samples were taken at the end of rest and immediately after the task. Depression was evaluated using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule Self‐Administered (DISSA). In total, 21% of the participants were depressed. Analyses revealed that depression was associated with blunted pre‐ejection period stress reactivity and with increased platelet factor 4 reactivity. These data provide potential mechanistic pathways linking depression to increased CAD.