bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Based on UHPLC–Q‐TOF–MS and bioinformatics strategies, the potential allergens and mechanisms of allergic reactions caused by Danshen injection were explored
Authors: Lei Wu , Zhiqi He , You Peng , Peiling Tian , Yanze Guo , Qiru Li , Mingjie Tian , Tao Liu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe aim is to investigate the potential allergens and mechanisms underlying allergic‐like reactions induced by Danshen injection (DSI). Utilizing ultra‐performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC–Q‐TOF–MS), metabolomics, and bioinformatics, we identified the key allergens, targets, and metabolic pathways involved in DSI‐induced allergic‐like reactions, validating binding efficiency through molecular docking and molecular dynamics. A total of 45 compounds were identified within DSI, with 24 compounds exhibiting strong binding activity to the MrgprX2 activation site. DSI was found to cause changes in 89 endogenous metabolites, including arachidonic acid, prostaglandins, and leukotrienes, primarily affecting pathways such as phenylalanine metabolism and arachidonic acid metabolism. The key allergens identified were Cryptotanshinone, Miltipolone, Neocryptotanshinone, Salvianolic acid B, and Isosalvianolic acid C, which primarily trigger allergic‐like reactions by regulating upstream signaling targets such as ALOX5, PTGS1, PPARD, and LTB4R. Validation confirmed the high binding affinity and stability between key allergens and targets. These findings indicate that the allergic components in DSI primarily induce allergic‐like reactions by modulating the aforementioned signaling targets, activating the AA metabolic pathway, promoting mast cell degranulation, and releasing downstream endogenous inflammatory mediators, subsequently eliciting allergic‐like reactions.
Innervation of the human sternoclavicular joint
Authors: Emura Kenji , Nitta Ryo , Arakawa Takamitsu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe sternoclavicular joint (SCJ) functions as the basal joint of the entire upper limb and must move in the proper pattern for normal scapular motion. Afferent sensations from joints, such as proprioception and pain sensation, are important for maintaining the proper motion and condition of joints. Detailed anatomical data are useful for discussing injuries or surgeries that impair the afferent nerve to the SCJ. Nerve branches to SCJs were examined on 12 sides, and the subclavian nerve was investigated on six sides to clarify whether it innervates this joint. On seven of the 12 sides, the SCJ was innervated by two nerves, (1) a branch from the medial supraclavicular nerve that ran medially along the clavicle and (2) a branch from the lateral pectoral nerve that innervated the clavicular head and upper part of the sternocostal head of the pectoralis major. This branch ran medially behind the clavicular head of the pectoralis major and reached the SCJ. In the remaining five sides, the SCJ was innervated solely by the branch from the medial supraclavicular nerve. Subclavian nerves ended within the subclavius muscle or periosteum of the clavicle and were separate from the SCJs. Our data on the route of nerve branches to the SCJ suggest that injury or surgery, such as clavicle fracture or resection of the clavicular head of the pectoralis major for myocutaneous flap transfer, can impair the SCJ's afferent nerve supply.
Structurally Diverse Secondary Metabolites from a Deep‐Sea Derived Cladosporium sp. SCSIO 41318and Their Biological Evaluation
Authors: Zhang Wanying , Yuan Yuan , Pang Xiaoyan , Liu Yonghong , Zhang Xiaoyong , Liu Qingchao , Wang Junfeng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFour new compounds, including one drimane sesquiterpene lactone (1), one isocoumarin (2), one coumarin (3), and a new natural product (4), as well as fourteen known compounds were obtained from a deep‐sea derived Cladosporium sp. SCSIO 41318. The structures of the new compounds were determined using extensive NMR and HRESIMS spectroscopic analysis, electronic circular dichroism calculations, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction measurements. Biological assays showed that compounds (1, 6, 7, 9–12, 14, 15, 17, 18) exhibited varying degrees of antimicrobial activity against the tested human pathogenic bacteria and plant pathogenic fungi. Besides, penicitrinone A (11) and penicitrinol A (12) displayed weak antitumor activities against the 22Rv1 cell line.
Non‐Kekulé meta‐Quinodimethane Singlet Diradicals Based on Classical N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes
Authors: Steffenfauseweh Henric , Rottschäfer Dennis , Vishnevskiy Yury V. , Neumann Beate , Stammler Hans‐Georg , de Bruin Bas , Ghadwal Rajendra S. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDiradicals based on a meta‐quinodimethane (m‐QDM) scaffold generally have a triplet ground state and are rather scarce. Herein, m‐QDM‐based non‐Kekulé diradicals [3,3′‐(NHC)2BP] (3‐NHC) (NHC = SIPr = C{N(Dipp)CH2}2; IPr = C{N(Dipp)CH}2, Me‐IPr = C{N(Dipp)CMe}2; Dipp = 2,6‐iPr2C6H3; BP = 1,1′‐C6H4C6H4) featuring N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) pendants are reported as crystalline solids. The EPR spectra of 3‐NHC show both allowed (Δms = 1) and forbidden (Δms = 2; ‘half‐field’) transitions characteristic for triplet diradicals. Variable temperature EPR studies however reveal a singlet ground state for 3‐SIPr. Consistent with the EPR spectra, calculations predict a remarkably small singlet‐triplet energy gap (ΔEST ≤ 0.26 kcal/mol) for the 3‐NHC compounds. The calculated singlet diradical character for the ground states of the 3‐NHC compounds amounts to ~99 %.
Coalescence investigations in a small‐scale continuously operated setup for bubble column design
Authors: Hlawitschka Mark Werner , Schleiffer Andreas , Schurr Jonas , Winkler Stephan , Danner Daniel 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA novel micro‐channel technique for analyzing the coalescence of bubbles and obtaining relevant information for the creation of a coalescence database is presented. The micro‐channel improves the coalescence investigations by a continuously operated setup, reduces the accumulation of impurities and increases the amount of recorded data. To introduce the new setup, studies with alcoholic, electrolytic aqueous systems and liquid silicone oil as a second liquid are presented, showing the influence of different concentrations. Artificial intelligence has been successfully developed to automate data generation. This approach improves the understanding of bubble coalescence by introducing a reproducible setup. Furthermore, it facilitates the transition to a predictive column design through data‐based decisions and modelling.
Haptic 3D models as learning objects ‐ The inclusive 3D process model in use
Authors: Lindenstruth Philipp , Schween Michael 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDas 3D‐Prozessmodell ist ein speziell an den Bedarfen blinder und sehbeeinträchtigter Lernender entwickeltes Modell, das den Zugang dieser Gruppe zu SN‐Reaktionsprozessen unterstützen soll. Für die Interpretation des Reaktionsprozesses relevante Informationen zu strukturellen und energetischen Aspekten werden im Modell haptisch erfahrbar und damit explizit dargestellt. Um das Modell erfolgreich zu nutzen, ist es grundlegend, dass Lernende die haptisch erfahrbaren Informationen als relevant erkennen, sie für die Diskussion nutzen und fachlich interpretieren. Das Ziel der hier vorgestellten Untersuchung besteht darin, herauszufinden, inwiefern Lernende die im Modell erfahrbaren haptischen Informationen wahrnehmen und wie sie diese für die Beschreibung des Reaktionsprozesses einsetzen. Um dies zu untersuchen und damit auch eine erste Evaluation des entwickelten 3D‐Prozessmodells zu erhalten, wurde eine qualitative Interviewstudie an einem hessischen Gymnasium mit dem Förderschwerpunkt Sehen durchgeführt (N=10) und mit Blick auf die Verwendung der am Modell erarbeiteten haptischen Informationen ausgewertet. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass die Studienteilnehmenden die haptisch erfahrbaren Informationen des Modells zur Interpretation und Diskussion eines modellierten Reaktionsprozesses nutzen konnten. Die Konstruktion des Modells zeigt Möglichkeiten auf, um haptisch erfahrbare Informationen in weitere gegenständliche Modelle einzubauen.
Morphological Characteristics of Retinal Ganglion Cells in the Retinas of Giant Pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca)
Authors: Wang Wenyao , Wang Chengdong , Nan Yan , Zhou Yuan , Wei Ronping , Ling Shanshan , Wu Honglin , Deng Linhua , Gao Jie , He Qihua , Huang Xin , Zhang Chun , Li Desheng , Pu Mingliang 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTVision plays a crucial role in the survival of animals, and the visual system has particularly selectively evolved in response to the visual environment, ecological niche, and species habitats in vertebrate species. To date, a horizontal streak of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) distribution pattern is observed across mammal species. Here, we report that the giant panda's vertically oriented visual streak, combined with current evidence of the animal's forward‐placed eyes, ocular structure, and retinal neural topographic distribution patterns, presents the emergence of a well‐adapted binocular visual system. Our results suggest that the giant panda may use a unique way to processing binocular visual information. Results of mathematical simulation are in favor of this hypothesis. The topographic distribution properties of RGCs reported here could be essential for understanding the visual adaptation and evolution of this living fossil.
Evaluating the perceived brightness of chromatic stimuli with backgrounds of varying luminance
Authors: Avendano Martinez Andrea , Zuena Jake , Pytlarz Jaclyn 
Published: August 2024

AbstractReproducing near‐gamut colors on an emissive display often causes them to appear brighter than an achromatic color of the same luminance. This phenomenon can be explained by the Helmholtz–Kohlrausch (H–K) effect, which describes an increase in perceived brightness when increasing the chroma of a stimulus. Although recent studies have attempted to incorporate the H–K effect into their modeling, none of these studies have directly explored how the perception of chromatic stimuli changes with background luminance. In this article, we present results from a psychophysical brightness‐matching experiment conducted across different levels of background luminance. The experimental results show the magnitude of the H–K effect upon simultaneous lightness contrast for high chroma colors. We, then, compare our results to CAM16 and other published models that propose modifications to CAM16 to account for the H–K effect. The findings reveal that CAM16 overestimates the perceived rate of lightness change by more than double for highly saturated, low luminance colors with increasing background luminance levels. Despite the progress made in incorporating the H–K effect into models, our study indicates the need for further data to establish a more accurate and robust modeling of this phenomenon.
Coumarinacyl Bromides as Unimolecular Photoinitiators for Conjugated Polymer Synthesis under Visible and NIR Light Irradiation
Authors: Wan Mengdi , Liu Xiaoxuan , Yagci Yusuf , Li Zhiquan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTwo coumarinacyl bromides, 3‐(bromoacetyl)coumarin (BAC) and 3‐(bromoacetyl)‐7‐methoxycoumarin (BACO), were developed for the photopolymerization of N‐ethylcarbazole to construct conjugated polymer under visible and near‐infrared light irradiation. BAC outperformed the conventional phenacyl bromide photoinitiator, exhibiting superior photoinitiation performance due to its optimal absorption characteristics and electron transfer efficiency. The obtained poly(N‐ethylcarbazole) was thoroughly characterized, demonstrating the successful synthesis of a conjugated polymer with desired properties. Dedoping led to improved optical properties and film morphology. The polymerization mechanism was elucidated using transient absorption spectroscopy, revealing efficient electron transfer from the excited photoinitiators to N‐ethylcarbazole.
Transformer fault identification method based on GASF‐AlexNet‐MSA transfer learning
Authors: Zhang Xin , Yang Kaiyue , Jia Lei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe transformer is an important part of the power system and ensures the stable operation of the power grid and electricity safety key equipment. With the increase in electricity demand, it is of great significance to ensure the safe and reliable operation of transformers. However, the commonly used dissolved gas analysis (DGA) method in oil for transformer fault identification has significant drawbacks, so this paper proposes a transformer fault identification method based on GASF‐AlexNet‐MSA transfer learning. The use of GASF to convert one‐dimensional dissolved gas analysis (DGA) data into two‐dimensional images, thus enhancing the comprehensiveness of data representation; the utilization of a pre‐trained AlexNet model through transfer learning, which enables the method to efficiently extract complex features such as textures, shapes, and edges; and the introduction of multiple self‐attention mechanisms that further refine the feature extraction and focuses on the key features, thereby improving the accuracy of fault identification. The proposed model achieves a remarkable accuracy of 97.04% on the publicly DGA dataset, which is 5.19% higher than AlexNet, 6.48% higher than VGG16, 6.12% higher than GoogLeNet, 2.41% higher than ResNet, and 3.71% higher than MobileNet. These results underscore the model's strong feature extraction capabilities and its superior performance in transformer fault identification, providing a valuable reference for enhancing the reliability and safety of power systems.
An ice‐obligate seabird responds to a multi‐decadal decline in Arctic sea ice
Authors: Divoky George J. , Jan Pierre‐Loup , Barbraud Christophe 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe Arctic has experienced greatly decreased sea ice and increased ocean temperatures in recent decades but there is a paucity of biological time‐series data allowing assessment of resulting temporal variation in the region's marine ecosystems. Seabirds, as highly mobile and highly visible, upper trophic‐level predators, can be valuable monitors of modifications in marine ecosystems, especially for regions lacking commercial fisheries or regular oceanographic sampling. Since 1975, we have studied annually an Arctic Alaskan colony of Mandt's black guillemot (Cepphus grylle mandtii), an ice‐obligate diving seabird, specializing on Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida), the primary forage fish of the ice‐associated cryopelagic ecosystem. Using multi‐state capture–mark–recapture models, matrix population models, and perturbation analysis, we quantified the environmental and demographic drivers of population change from 1980 to 2019 for the individually marked population. The colony increased rapidly, from <20 to >200 breeding pairs from 1975 to 1990 in response to increased availability of nesting cavities, before experiencing intermittent declines to <50 pairs in 2021. Immigration and apparent survival were the primary demographic parameters affecting population growth with sea ice extent in late summer and fall the primary environmental driver. The initial growth occurred during a period of primarily negative winter Arctic Oscillations (WAO) and extensive summer sea ice. The decline began when an extremely positive WAO in 1989/1990 initiated changes in atmospheric and oceanographic circulation causing major reductions in summer sea ice throughout the region. The three‐decade decline in the population saw plateaus or minor growth with increasing frequency of negative WAOs and increasing declines following two previously identified “tipping points” in sea ice loss. Breeding success at the study colony declined with decreased availability of Arctic cod due to sea ice loss and increasing sea surface temperature and is presumed to have occurred at the source colonies for immigrants where similar oceanographic changes were occurring. Quasi‐extinction of the colony (reduction to <25 pairs) is predicted within the next two decades. The sensitivity of Mandt's black guillemot to multi‐decadal changes in the Arctic's cryopelagic ecosystem makes it an excellent sentinel species for the region with its recent collapse having dire implications for the Arctic Ocean's constituent species.
Pembrolizumab plus cetuximab with neoadjuvant chemotherapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Yao Zhuowei , Wang Jingshuo , Jiang Yongquan , Zhang Yi , Liu Jun , Dai Li , Shen Silin , Zhou Xiang , Liu Qiang , Zheng Luying , Qian Minfei , Li Jiping 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPurposeHead and neck cancer cells commonly express programmed death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), both of which play pivotal roles in the antitumor cellular immune response. Pembrolizumab, a PD‐1 inhibitor, and cetuximab, an EGFR inhibitor, are typically effective agents combined with neoadjuvant platinum‐based chemotherapy for the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy in patients with HNSCC.MethodsPatients with HNSCC underwent radical surgery and complete cervical lymph node dissection following neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy at RenJi Hospital from January 2021 to June 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. The primary endpoint was major pathological response (MPR). We further explored the relationship between the efficacy and immune estimators.FindingsTwenty‐one patients were enrolled in this retrospective study. The MPR was 66.7%, including 11 patients who achieved a pathological complete response (pCR). The overall response rate (ORR) was 90.5%, and the complete response (CR) rate was 28.6%. The oropharynx, as the primary site, was the sensitive tumor type to neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy. The most common adverse event (AEs) was anemia (61.9%). No grade 4 AE or delayed surgery was reported. Laryngeal preservation rates were 90.9% (10/11), and pathological findings confirmed negative surgical margins for all patients. Moreover, pre‐treatment peripheral lymphocyte count, monocyte count, and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) displayed a significant correlation with the treatment response.ConclusionPembrolizumab plus cetuximab with chemotherapy for patients with HNSCC is a feasible and safe clinical protocol fulfilling organ preservation and life quality improvement. Pre‐treatment peripheral immune estimators could help to screen patients who may respond to the neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy.
Overall survival and cause‐specific mortality in a hospital‐based cohort of retinoblastoma patients in São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Ribeiro Karina B. , Veiga Lene H. S. , Carvalho Filho Nevicolino P. , Morton Lindsay M. , Kleinerman Ruth A. , Antoneli Célia B. G. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractStudies are lacking on long‐term effects among retinoblastoma patients in low‐ and middle‐income countries. Therefore, we examined cause‐specific mortality in a retrospective cohort of retinoblastoma patients treated at Antonio Candido de Camargo Cancer Center (ACCCC), São Paulo, Brazil from 1986 to 2003 and followed up through December 31, 2018. Vital status and cause of death were ascertained from medical records and multiple national databases. We estimated overall and cause‐specific survival using the Kaplan–Meier survival method, and estimated standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) and absolute excess risk (AER) of death. This cohort study included 465 retinoblastoma patients (42% hereditary, 58% nonhereditary), with most (77%) patients diagnosed at advanced stages (IV or V). Over an 11‐year average follow‐up, 80 deaths occurred: 70% due to retinoblastoma, 22% due to subsequent malignant neoplasms (SMNs) and 5% to non‐cancer causes. The overall 5‐year survival rate was 88% consistent across hereditary and nonhereditary patients (p = .67). Hereditary retinoblastoma patients faced an 86‐fold higher risk of SMN‐related death compared to the general population (N = 16, SMR = 86.1, 95% CI 52.7–140.5), corresponding to 42.4 excess deaths per 10,000 person‐years. This risk remained consistent for those treated with radiotherapy and chemotherapy (N = 10, SMR = 90.3, 95% CI 48.6–167.8) and chemotherapy alone (N = 6, SMR = 80.0, 95% CI 35.9–177.9). Nonhereditary patients had only two SMN‐related deaths (SMR = 7.2, 95% CI 1.8–28.7). There was no excess risk of non‐cancer‐related deaths in either retinoblastoma form. Findings from this cohort with a high proportion of advanced‐stage patients and extensive chemotherapy use may help guide policy and healthcare planning, emphasizing the need to enhance early diagnosis and treatment access in less developed countries.
Effect of the ICT‐enabled reclaimer system on the informal waste recycling system in Cape Town, South Africa: The Regenize model
Authors: Siwawa Vincent 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe impact of information and communication technology (ICT)‐enabled waste management systems on municipal solid waste, waste reclaimer integration, and resource recovery is critical, particularly in the informal recycling sector. This study investigates the effects of the ICT‐enabled waste management system in Cape Town, South Africa, with a focus on the Regenize model. Leveraging digital technologies, the Regenize model aims to improve waste picker integration and resource recovery within the local waste management system. A qualitative research methodology involving semi structured interviews with key stakeholders in Cape Town's ICT‐enabled waste reclaimer system, data triangulation, and thematic content analysis was employed to investigate the system's transformative potential. Preliminary findings indicate the Regenize system's alignment with extended producer responsibility (EPR) principles and its embodiment of local entrepreneurial innovation. Waste pickers' active participation as cocreators of waste management mobile platforms has transitioned them from traditional waste collectors to technological contributors, enhancing their role in the waste management ecosystem. Furthermore, the ICT‐enabled waste reclaimer system has significantly regularized the status of foreign waste pickers, providing them with essential rights and access to banking services through mobile platforms. By utilizing Internet and Communication Technologies (ICTs) and the Internet of Things (IoT), the Regenize model not only improves resource recovery but also promotes sustainable waste management practices. This represents a substantial step towards inclusive urban waste management in Cape Town. The study's implications extend beyond Cape Town, offering valuable insights for enhancing waste management practices and promoting sustainability across South Africa's broader waste management landscape.