bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transport‐Friendly Microstructure in SSC‐MEA: Unveiling the SSC Ionomer‐Based Membrane Electrode Assemblies for Enhanced Fuel Cell Performance
Authors: Li Min , Ding Han , Song Jingnan , Hao Bonan , Zeng Rui , Li Zhenyu , Wu Xuefei , Fink Zachary , Zhou Libo , Russel Thomas P. , Liu Feng , Zhang Yongming 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe significant role of the cathodic binder in modulating mass transport within the catalyst layer (CL) of fuel cells is essential for optimizing cell performance. This investigation focuses on enhancing the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) through the utilization of a short‐side‐chain perfluoro‐sulfonic acid (SSC‐PFSA) ionomer as the cathode binder, referred to as SSC‐MEA. This study meticulously visualizes the distinctive interpenetrating networks of ionomers and catalysts, and explicitly clarifies the triple‐phase interface, unveiling the transport‐friendly microstructure and transport mechanisms inherent in SSC‐MEA. The SSC‐MEA exhibits advantageous microstructural features, including a better‐connected ionomer network and well‐organized hierarchical porous structure, culminating in superior mass transfer properties. Relative to the MEA bonded by long‐side‐chain perfluoro‐sulfonic acid (LSC‐PFSA) ionomer, noted as LSC‐MEA, SSC‐MEA exhibits a notable peak power density (1.23 W cm−2), efficient O2 transport, and remarkable proton conductivity (65% improvement) at 65 °C and 70% relativity humidity (RH). These findings establish crucial insights into the intricate morphology‐transport‐performance relationship in the CL, thereby providing strategic guidance for developing highly efficient MEA.
Simulating the development and growth of lentil using the CSM‐CROPGRO model
Authors: Jing Qi , Boote Kenneth J. , Liu Kui , Hoogenboom Gerrit , White Jeffrey W. , Smith Ward , Jégo Guillaume , Grant Brian , Crépeau Marianne , Shang Jiali , Liu Jiangui , Chipanshi Aston , Qian Budong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe pulse crop lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) is often grown in crop rotations to provide nitrogen (N) and water benefits for subsequent crops. Lentil yields vary greatly with environmental factors and management. A reliable crop model for lentil could assist efforts to assess the effects of management practices to mitigate environmental stresses and maximize lentil yields. However, few crop models simulate the development and growth of lentil. In this study, we adapted the CSM‐CROPGRO model in the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer to simulate lentil development and growth based on data collected from six experiments conducted from 2001 to 2021 globally. The initial parameter values taken from faba bean (Vicia faba L.) were modified based on reported information and analysis of observed data. Those values were fine‐tuned to minimize the gaps between the simulated and observed crop attributes. The model simulated well development stages with root mean square error (RMSE) of 4 days and aboveground biomass with normalized root mean square error (nRMSE ≤ 23%). Seed yields were generally well simulated across experiments in calibration and validation (nRMSE = 19%) datasets, except for overestimation under the humid environment of Quebec in Canada, which may have resulted from excessive vegetative growth. The underlying mechanisms leading to excessive vegetative growth need to be explored further and included in the model for evaluating the adaptability of lentils to specific regions. Overall, the CSM‐CROPGRO‐Lentil model is ready for simulating lentil production under various scenarios, which may identify ways to improve the productivity and resiliency of cropping systems that include lentil.
Embryo excision in Compositae, with implications for combating biodiversity loss
Authors: Baldwin Bruce G. , Fawcett Susan , Wolkis Dustin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPremiseEmbryo excision is an effective, under‐described means of promoting germination in the sunflower family and may help to ensure the survival of endangered taxa or lineages with limited seed availability.Methods and ResultsWe describe and illustrate a detailed method of embryo excision used successfully to stimulate germination in a diversity of composites and that requires minimal materials and expense, using Layia platyglossa as an example. We show how this procedure greatly increases germination compared to control treatments in Madia elegans, a close relative of Hawaiian silverswords that exhibits physiological dormancy.ConclusionsThis technique can be learned quickly and is highly effective. Embryo excision can aid conservation efforts dependent on minimal seed resources by enhancing germination and allowing evaluation of seed quality before or after storage, as well as synchronizing seedling development, thereby allowing for refinement of ex situ seed bank conditions and efficient use of horticultural resources.
Selective Detection of Chromate and Permanganate Ions Using Gallic Acid Capped CaF2:Tb3+ Nanocrystals
Authors: Madhukar Nikita , Adusumalli Venkata N. K. B. , Koppisetti Heramba V. S. R. M. , Mondal Ayan , Ito Akitaka , Park Yong II , Mahalingam Venkataramanan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this study, we have developed ligand‐sensitized Ln3+‐doped nanocrystals (NCs) for the selective sensing of Cr2O72− and MnO4− ions in nanomolar concentrations. This is accomplished with the gallic acid capped‐CaF2:Tb3+ NCs. These NCs display bright green emission through an efficient energy transfer from surface functionalized gallic acid molecules to Tb3+ ions upon UV light excitation. The luminescence from Tb3+ ions are selectively quenched by the addition of Cr2O72− and MnO4− anions. The reduction in the luminescence intensity is found to be quite selective, as the addition of other strong oxidizing species (I−, F−, Br−, Cl−, PO32−, SO42−, VO3−, WO42−, IO3−, ClO4−,) had minimal impact on the luminescence intensity of Tb3+ ions. The calculated limit of detection from the experimental results (for the 3σ/slope criterion) is 77 nM and 55 nM for K2Cr2O7 and KMnO4, respectively. The findings show that tuning the resonance energy transfer (RET) between analytes and Tb3+ inside the NCs serves as a tool for the detection of dichromate and permanganate ions selectively.
Enhanced red luminescence from GdAl3(BO3)4: Pr3+ phosphors under NUV excitation
Authors: Jamalaiah Bungala Chinna , Khan Pedinti Shahab , Madhu Napa 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe GdAl3(BO3)4:xPr3+ (0 ≤ x ≤ 5.0 mol%) phosphors were prepared through solid state reaction route and characterized for various lighting applications. Powder X‐ray diffraction investigations revel rhombohedral structure matched to JCPDS card no. 83‐1907. The morphological studies confirm the agglomeration of particles with different size and shape. The emission spectra show various emission transitions originating from Pr3+:(3P1,0, 1D2) emission states to their lower lying energy states upon 274 nm NUV excitation with a red shift for x > 0.5 mol%. The colour perception analysis results an intense red luminescence due to efficient energy transfer from Gd3+ to Pr3+ ions. The temperature‐dependent luminescence investigations show good thermal stability even beyond 150°C with an activation energy of 0.24 eV. The observed experimental results show the potentiality of GdAl3(BO3)4:0.5 Pr3+ phosphor for red emitting devices and red component in phosphor converted white LEDs.
Greening the supply chain: Leveraging additive manufacturing for sustainable risk management
Authors: Singh Shubhendu , Misra Subhas Chandra , Singh Gaurvendra 
Published: August 2024

AbstractModern supply chains face multifaceted risks due to their intricate nature, often leading to disruptions that ripple across the entire chain. However, in the era of Industry 4.0, innovative technologies such as additive manufacturing technology (AMT) promise to enhance supply chain sustainability and address environmental concerns. This study investigates the potential of AMT in mitigating supply chain risks (SCRs) through a comprehensive risk assessment framework employing the best‐worst method (BWM). Our analysis encompasses 14 SCRs grouped into four SCR categories. Analysis of the outcome reveals that AMT adoption has the most significant impact in addressing risks related to lead time fluctuations, waste generation, supplier dependency, inventory‐related risks, and logistics‐related risks. Notably, the adoption of AMT emerges as a robust strategy, significantly impacting these critical risk areas, thereby aligning with the principles of supply chain sustainability, strategic environmental management, and fostering innovation in green technologies. The implications of this study offer invaluable insights for researchers and practitioners, emphasizing the pivotal role of AMT in addressing environmental risks and promoting sustainable supply chain practices. By understanding and leveraging the potential of AMT, businesses can strategically navigate supply chain challenges while embracing environmentally conscious approaches, driving positive impacts across industries.
Genipa americana L.: A Review on Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry and Biological Activities
Authors: Nascimento Lariza Leisla Leandro , de Oliveira Souza Geane Gabriele , da Silva Mendes Johnatan Wellisson , Calixto Donelardy Ana Cecília , Viturino José Jonas Ferreira , Gomes de Carvalho Natália Kelly , Leite Débora Odília Duarte , da Costa José Galberto Martins , Rodrigues Fabíola Fernandes Galvão 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGenipa americana L. (Rubiaceae), genip tree, has therapeutic and nutritional potential. This revision aimed to gather information on botanical characteristics, popular uses, phytochemical, and pharmacological aspects of the tree. The methodology adopted integrated literature published between 2000 and 2024, as well as consultations with the World International Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO); resulting in 39 articles and 11 patents to promote this research. The species, which is native and not endemic to Brazil, is most prevalent in the Amazon biome as it is suitable for reconstructing degraded areas, as well as having various traditional applications. Iridoids are the main secondary metabolites present in the species, especially ginipin, geniposide acid, and geniposide, which are the most prevalent in the fruit. The patents registered with the WIPO indicate its use as a colorant, insecticide, anti‐inflammatory, and antioxidant potential, in evidence of its antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Further studies are needed on the mechanisms of the chemical components’ action and on ethnopharmacology.
Numerical Study on Effects of Nanoparticles Concentration and Steam Flow Rate on Oil Recovery from a Model Porous Medium
Authors: Darabi Keyvan Ahangar , Ahmadlouydarab Majid 
Published: August 2024

AbstractEffects of nanoparticle and steam injection on the extraction of Iranian American Petroleum Institute (API) 14 heavy oil from a model porous medium at temperatures of 110, 150, and 200 °C were investigated. Nanoparticle content was 1 %, 3 %, and 5 %, and injection flow rates were 0.018, 0.036 and 0.072 mL h−1. In short‐term injection, increasing the injection temperature to 200 °C and the flow rate to 0.072 mL h−1 resulted in the highest recovery. In the mid‐term injection, the highest recovery factor was at a temperature of 150 °C and flow rate of 0.036 mL h−1, while the results of the long‐term injection predicted a non‐monotonic effect of flow rate. The effect of alumina content on the recovery factor is less than that of temperature and flow rate. Interestingly, alumina content also has non‐monotonic effects on the recovery factor.
Controlling Calcium Oxalate Crystal Growth Using Pectin and Sodium Alginate Natural Polymers
Authors: AL‐Dubai Ahmed , Akyol Emel 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCalcium oxalate (CaOx) crystallization is a common phenomenon that contributes to various kidney disorders and stone formation, as well as the formation of scale in industrial processes. The inhibition of CaOx is an area of intense scientific interest in the field of materials science due to its relevance to biomineralization. The present study investigated the effects of pectin (PE) and sodium alginate (SA), two natural polymers, on the growth of CaOx crystals using a batch crystallization method in aqueous solutions at 37 °C with different concentrations (0.5, 1, 5, and 10 ppm). The results of the study showed that both PE and SA were effective inhibitors of CaOx crystal growth, with the highest inhibition observed at a concentration of 10 ppm, reaching 80 %. PE did not significantly affect the size of the crystals, while SA reduced their size as the concentration increased. These findings contribute to our understanding of the potential of natural polymers as non‐toxic inhibitors of CaOx crystal growth.
Air and Water Stable Bicyclic (Alkyl)(Amino)Carbene Stabilized Phosphenium Cation: Reactivity and Selective Fluoride Ion Affinity
Authors: Yadav Ritu , Sharma Ankita , Das Bindusagar , Majumder Chinmoy , Das Ayantika , Sen Saumik , Kundu Subrata 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe synthesis and reactivity of an air and water stable Bicyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene (BICAAC) stabilized phosphenium cation (1) is reported. Air and water stable phosphenium cation are rare in the literature. Compound 1 is obtained by reaction of BICAAC with Ph2PCl in THF followed by anion exchange with LiOTf. The reduction and oxidation of 1 yielded corresponding α‐radical phosphine species (2) and BICAAC stabilized phosphenium oxide (3) respectively. All compounds are well characterized by single crystal X‐ray diffraction studies. The Lewis acidity of compounds 1 and 3 are determined by conducting fluoride ion affinity experiments using UV‐Vis spectrophotometry and multinuclei NMR spectroscopy. Compounds 1 and 3 exhibited selective binding to fluoride anion but did not interact with other halides (Cl− and Br−). Quantum chemical calculations were performed to understand the structure and nature of bonding interactions in these compounds, as well as to comprehend the specific bonding affinity to fluoride over other halide ions.
Regulating the Topologies and Photoresponsive Properties of Lanthanum‐Organic Frameworks
Authors: Ren Xin‐Ye , Chen Fan‐Yao , Zhang Chun‐Hua , Liang Zhen‐Gang , Yu Xiao‐Yue , Han Song‐De , Wang Guo‐Ming 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMetal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) show potential application in many domains, in which photochromic MOFs (PMOFs) have received enormous attention. Researchers mainly utilize photoactive ligands to build PMOFs. Recently, the mixed electron donating and accepting ligands strategies have also been used to construct PMOFs driven by the electron transfer between nonphotochromic moieties. However, the potential interligand competition inhibits the formation of PMOFs. Therefore, the exploration of single‐ligand‐guided assembly is conductive for building PMOFs. Considering the existing electron accepting and donating role of pyridyl and carboxyl, the pyridinecarboxyate derived from the fusion of pyridyl and carboxyl units may serve as single ligand to yield PMOFs (Figure 1d). In this work, the coordination assembly of bipyridinedicarboxylate (2,2′‐bipyridine‐4,4′‐dicarboxylic acid, H2bpdc; 1,10‐phenanthroline‐2,9‐dicarboxylic acid, H2pda) and LaCl3 generate two PMOFs, [La(bpdc)(H2O)Cl] (1) and [La(pda)(H2O)2Cl]⋅2H2O (2). Both complexes feature dinuclear lanthanum as building blocks with differences in the connecting number of likers, in which 1 has (4,8)‐connected topology and 2 exhibits sql topology. Their structural differences result in the diversities of photoresponsive functionalities. Compared with reported PMOFs built from photoactive ligands and mixed ligands, this study provides new available categories of single ligand for generating PMOFs and tuning the structure and photoresponsive properties via ligand substitution and external photostimulus.
Optimizing hydrothermal carbonization for enhanced energy production from algal biomass with high moisture content
Authors: Nakano Kanta , Luthfi Numan , Fukushima Takashi , Takisawa Kenji 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRecently, the depletion of fossil fuels has become an issue, prompting the search for sustainable alternatives. Algal biomass has gained considerable attention as a promising renewable energy source because of its high production efficiency and adaptability to external environment. However, its high‐moisture content escalates the energy requirement during the thermal drying process in algal biomass production. Thus, we proposed a new energy production system using hydrothermal carbonization, which requires no pretreatment even for high moisture content biomass, making it compatible with such materials. Herein, we investigated the decrease in moisture content of algal biomass through hydrothermal carbonization and its effect on the energy production and energy balance of algal biomass. The results showed that hydrothermal carbonization at 240°C for 3 h produced hydrochar with a moisture content of 34.6%. It was found that it was due to changes in surface structures, such as CH, CO, and OH functional groups, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) analysis. However, the greatest reduction in production energy, 45%, was achieved at 240°C for 4 h. The optimal energy balance was obtained for hydrothermal carbonization at 220°C for 4 h, for which energy production was 2.7 times more efficient than that achieved by conventional methods.
Hierarchical Taylor quantized kernel least mean square filter for data aggregation in wireless sensor network
Authors: Ilango Poonguzhali , Ravichandran Anitha , Sivarajan Nagarajan , Aiyappan Asha 
Published: August 2024

SummaryThe advanced technology in recent years that has achieved more attention among researchers and the social community is the wireless sensor network (WSN) that includes a number of nodes that are commonly distributed in remote zones. While deploying the WSN in huge areas, WSNs produce a massive amount of data. Thus, there is a significant need to process the data through efficient models. The data aggregation technique is the common solution widely employed to obstruct congestion on large‐scale WSNs. However, the demanding part of the data aggregation scheme is to mitigate the network overhead without affecting the system efficiency. Most of the data transmitted by sensor nodes are repetitious and thus result in high power consumption. Therefore, sensor nodes should utilize an efficient data aggregation model for data transmission that minimizes duplicate data. In order to maintain such complications, this article proposes a hierarchical Taylor quantized kernel least mean square (HTQKLMS) filter for aggregating data in WSN. For this purpose, WSN is initially simulated, and then data aggregation is accomplished using developed HTQKLMS filter. Additionally, the HTQKLMS is derived by amalgamating the hierarchical fractional quantized kernel least mean square (HFQKLMS) filter with the Taylor series. Here, the data prediction mechanism is done by employing HFQKLMS model that is an integration of quantized kernel least mean square (QKLMS) and hierarchical fractional bidirectional least mean square (HFBLMS). Apart from this, data redundancy is achieved by broadcasting needed data utilizing data detected at the destination. Furthermore, HTQKLMS approach has delivered a minimum energy consumption of 0.0333 J and less prediction error of 0.0326.
Hydrogeomorphology of the origin of the Amazon River, the confluence between the Marañón and Ucayali rivers
Authors: Guerrero Leo , Abad Jorge D. , Ortals Collin , Valderde Henry , Estrada Yulissa , Chicchon Hernan , Marin Jesus , Canas‐Alva Carlos 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe origin of the Amazon River is formed at the confluence of the Marañón and Ucayali rivers. Remote sensing and detailed hydrodynamics, sediment transport and bed morphology analysis under different hydrological conditions have been applied to understand the control mechanisms of the modern confluence, thus informing about ancient confluences. Results showed that: 1) meandering‐meandering confluences existed when bifurcated meandering channels from the Marañón River joined the meandering Ucayali River, 2) far‐field scale provided the boundary conditions for the near‐field scale processes. In the case of the Marañón River, the spatial frequency and displacement of incoming anabranching structures to the confluence location set the boundary conditions for the near‐field scale. In the case of the Ucayali River, the incoming hydrodynamics and bed morphology are governed by far‐field processes such as the occurrence of cutoffs, 3) high intensity secondary flows at large rivers were observed at far‐ and near‐field scales, where previous studies have reported that secondary flows are weak or nonexistence or mainly found downstream of confluences. Finally, 4) even though the Marañón River is larger compared with the Ucayali River, the confluence hydrogeomorphology is governed by the Ucayali River because of more developed and stronger secondary flows.
Relationships between the appearance quality and starch structure of soft rice under different nitrogen levels
Authors: Fan Peng , Zhu Ying , Xu Jian , Hu Qun , Zhang Hongcheng , Wei Haiyan , Liu Guodong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study aims to explore the formation mechanism of starch structure and the relationships between the appearance quality and starch structure of soft rice under different nitrogen levels. We comprehensively investigated the physiological aspects, starch structure variations, and appearance quality of soft rice in response to different nitrogen applications. The results showed that under the moderate nitrogen application (270 N), the soft rice exhibited the highest AGPase activity, the highest large‐starch granule content, and the lowest chalkiness. Under the highest nitrogen application (360 N), the soft rice exhibited the highest GBSS and DBE activity and the lowest SBE activity, the highest content of long‐branched amylopectin, the lowest relative crystallinity, the fewest ordered structures, the most amorphous structures, the largest semi‐crystalline lamellar thicknesses, and the highest transparency of chalk‐free rice. In conclusion, moderate nitrogen fertilization (270 N) improved the AGPase activity, which leaded to fuller starch granules and more compact endosperm in soft rice. Thus, the grain chalkiness of soft rice decreased. Continuous nitrogen application (0‐360 N) constantly increased the GBSS and DBE activity and reduced the SBE activity in soft rice, leading a lower content of short‐branched amylopectin and a higher content of long‐branched amylopectin in soft rice. Thus, the relative crystallinity and ordered structures of soft rice were reduced. These structures improved the transparency phenotype of soft rice.
Upvaluing chlorinated plastic wastes
Authors: Zhang Shuyi , Han Hao , Cao Muhan , Xie Yeping , Chen Jinxing 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPlastics are a ubiquitous and growing presence in our lives, with chlorinated plastics, like polyvinyl chloride (PVC), playing a pivotal role due to their superior qualities. However, the disposal and recycling of these materials present significant challenges. The chlorine content can harm catalysts, corrode equipment, and create dangerous pollutants, making the management of chlorinated plastic waste a critical issue in recycling efforts. There is a pressing need for green, effective, and atom‐efficient methods to handle this waste responsibly. This review explores the potential for converting chlorinated plastic waste into valuable resources. We examine four key areas for upcycling and reusing PVC waste, including innovative separation techniques, leveraging the PVC molecular structure, and recycling the chlorine and carbon components inherent in PVC. By offering a thorough analysis of current recycling strategies and highlighting existing solutions, our review aims to inform and inspire further research in this crucial field, pushing towards more sustainable waste management practices.