bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dispersal traits drive the phylogenetic distance decay of similarity in Neotropical stream metacommunities
Authors: Saito Victor S. , Soininen Janne , Fonseca‐Gessner Alaide A. , Siqueira Tadeu 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAimThe drivers of phylogenetic beta diversity include both local processes (e.g. environmental filtering) and regional processes (e.g. dispersal limitation). The role of environmental filtering can be investigated more directly by analysing community–environment associations, but dispersal limitation is one of the most challenging processes to examine. We investigated the role of traits related to dispersal – flight capacity, body size and voltinism – as drivers of phylogenetic distance decay relationships in Neotropical stream insect communities.LocationHeadwater streams spread over 600 km in south‐eastern Brazil.MethodsWe compiled a data set of aquatic insect communities inhabiting streams across the State of São Paulo (Brazil). Then, we investigated environmental and spatial signals on phylobetadiversity patterns of aquatic insects using Mantel tests, multiple regressions on distance matrices and variation partitioning. We employed null models to investigate whether phylogenetic distance decay differed from pure compositional distance decay. We deconstructed the data set based on dispersal‐related traits; we then ran distance decay analyses for these subsets separately.ResultsGeographical distance, rather than environmental distance, better explained the patterns of phylobetadiversity. We found that the phylogenetic decay relationship differed from the relationship expected for the null models only for univoltine, large‐bodied genera with a high‐flight capacity.Main conclusionsDispersal limitation, rather than species sorting, was the main driver for phylogenetic beta diversity in the metacommunity that we studied. We suggest that life‐history strategies and mainly voltinism drive the distance decay of similarity in the insect communities examined. We additionally discuss the role of dispersal events over time to explain differences in distance decay patterns among tropical and other regions.
Efficacy of canagliflozin combined with antidiabetic drugs in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus: Meta‐analysis of randomized control trials
Authors: Meng Qi , Shen Yun , Liu Dajin , Jiang Fei 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAims/IntroductionCanagliflozin has been proposed as an effective treatment for type 2 diabetes. This meta‐analysis of randomized control trials aimed to evaluate the effect of canagliflozin combined with other hypoglycemic drugs.Materials and MethodsWe searched Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar and ClinicalTrials.gov for randomized control trials comparing canagliflozin combined with conventional antidiabetic drugs vs placebo. Our main end‐points were glycemic control and change in weight. We assessed pooled data by use of a random‐effects model.ResultOf 161 identified studies, six were eligible and were included in our analysis (n = 4670 participants). Compared with the placebo, mean changes in glycosylated hemoglobin were −0.60% (95% confidence interval −0.67 to −0.54%; I2 = 0%) for canagliflozin 100 mg, and −0.76% (95% confidence interval −0.84 to −0.68%; I2 = 20%) for canagliflozin 300 mg with bodyweight loss.ConclusionCanagliflozin as an add‐on drug to other antidiabetic drugs effectively lowers blood glucose without significant weight gain.
Development and validation of a novel patient‐reported treatment satisfaction measure for hyperfunctional facial lines: facial line satisfaction questionnaire
Authors: Pompilus Farrah , Burgess Somali , Hudgens Stacie , Banderas Benjamin , Daniels Selena 
Published: August 2015

SummaryBackgroundFacial lines or wrinkles are among the most visible signs of aging, and minimally invasive cosmetic procedures are becoming increasingly popular.AimsThe aim of this study was to develop and validate the Facial Line Satisfaction Questionnaire (FLSQ) for use in adults with upper facial lines (UFL).MethodsA literature review, concept elicitation interviews (n = 33), and cognitive debriefing interviews (n = 23) of adults with UFL were conducted to develop the FLSQ. The FLSQ comprises Baseline and Follow‐up versions and was field‐tested with 150 subjects in a US observational study designed to assess its psychometric performance. Analyses included acceptability (item and scale distribution [i.e. missingness, floor, and ceiling effects]), reliability, and validity (including concurrent validity).ResultsIn total, 69 concepts were elicited during patient interviews. Following cognitive debriefing interviews, the FLSQ‐Baseline version included 11 items and the Follow‐up version included 13 items. Response rates for the FLSQ were 100% and 73% at baseline and follow‐up, respectively; no items had excessive missing data. Questionnaire scale scores were normally distributed. Most domain scores demonstrated good internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's α ≥ 0.70). Most items within their respective domains exhibited good convergent (item‐scale correlations > 0.40) and discriminant (items had higher correlation with their hypothesized scales than other scales) validity. Concurrent validity correlation coefficients of the FLSQ domain scores with the associated concurrent measures were acceptable (range: r = 0.40–0.70). Six FLSQ items demonstrated reliability and validity as stand‐alone items outside their domains.ConclusionsThe FLSQ is a valid questionnaire for assessing treatment expectations, satisfaction, impact, and preference in adults with UFL.
Teaching and learning in the Biosciences: the development of an educational programme to assist student nurses in their assessment and management of patients with wounds
Authors: Redmond Catherine , Davies Carmel , Cornally Deirdre , Fegan Marianne , O'Toole Margaret 
Published: August 2015

Aims and objectivesThe aim of this project was to develop an educational package for undergraduate student nurses that would provide them with the theoretical knowledge and clinical judgement skills to care for a patient with a wound.BackgroundInternationally there is concern over the adequacy of preparation of undergraduate nurses for the clinical skill of wound care. Deficits have also been identified in the underpinning biological sciences needed for this skill. Expectations associated with wound management have altered significantly in the last two decades with decision making around wound care coming under the scope of practice of nurses. The treatment and care options for patients with wounds must be based on a sound knowledge of how wounds are formed and healed. If nurses do not have the evidence‐based knowledge, it can affect wound healing adversely leading to increased patient suffering, pain and delayed healing. From an organisational perspective, delayed healing will increase the cost of care.DesignThis project used constructivism learning theory to provide a framework for the development of a wound care educational package for undergraduate Irish nurses in their penultimate year of training.MethodsCollaboration was formed with key stake holders. Pertinent curriculum content was mapped. Learning strategies to suit the incoming student learning styles were incorporated into newly developed theoretical content and practical skill sessions.ConclusionThe developed educational programme will assist student nurses in their care of patients with wounds.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study provides a model that can be followed to develop small units of the study to keep abreast of changes in health care delivery and the changing scope of practice of nurses. It also contributes to the debate on the teaching and learning of biosciences as it highlights the depth of biological knowledge required as a basis for good evidence‐based nursing care.
Barriers to cervical cancer screening experienced by lesbian women: a qualitative study
Authors: Curmi Claire , Peters Kath , Salamonson Yenna 
Published: August 2015

Aims and objectivesTo provide deeper insights into the experiences of lesbian women in accessing cervical cancer screening and to inform strategies to increase the uptake of these services for this group of women.BackgroundLesbian women continue to face significant health disparities and are at increased risk for specific medical conditions. With cervical cancer being largely a preventable disease, early detection through the Papanicolaou test is crucial, as it enables treatment to commence early and limit the progression of the disease. Although the rates of cervical abnormalities among lesbian women are similar to that of the general population, lesbian women are less likely to have regular cervical screening. The reasons for this are largely unknown and there is a paucity of research that explores cervical cancer screening in lesbian women.DesignQualitative descriptive design.MethodsParticipants (n = 9) were recruited via media release and those living in New South Wales who self‐identified as lesbian, meeting the inclusion criteria were recruited for the study. Semi‐structured, face to face and telephone interviews were used to obtain narrative data from lesbian women on their experiences of cervical screening.ResultsThree main themes emerged from the data: ‘Lack of opportunistic screening’; ‘Fear of penetration’ and ‘Encountering heterosexism and discrimination’.ConclusionsThis current study builds on existing knowledge and further, has identified issues that have not been previously raised in the literature. New findings from this study highlight participants' fear of penetration, and stigma associated with accessing information, as substantial barriers to cervical screening.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study's findings can guide future research and highlight possibilities for specific strategies to reduce health disparities among lesbian women.
Nurses' perceptions of their professional practice environment: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Cao Yingjuan , DiGiacomo Michelle , Salamonson Yenna , Li Ye , Huai Baosha , Davidson Patricia M 
Published: August 2015

Aims and objectivesTo describe nurses’ perceptions concerning their professional practice environment in mainland China and identify factors associated with these views.BackgroundGlobally, the environments in which nurses work influence the quality of nursing practice and health care.DesignA cross‐sectional descriptive survey using both paper‐ and online‐based delivery modes was used.MethodA convenience sampling method was used. The survey questionnaire was composed of sociodemographic items and the 38‐item Chinese version of Professional Practice Environment survey. The content of the paper‐based questionnaire was identical to the online survey. Pearson's chi‐square test was conducted to compare the demographic characteristics of these two data sets. Descriptive statistics analysis included frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation. Multiple linear regression analysis using the Backwards method was applied to identify independent predictors of each subscale of the 38‐item Chinese version of Professional Practice Environment.ResultsA total of 573 questionnaires were analysed. The mean score of each subscale of the 38‐item Chinese version of Professional Practice Environment in this study ranged from 2·66–3·05. All subscales except work motivation (3·05, standard deviation: 0·44) scored less than 3·0. Areas rated as most in need of improvement included control over practice, interpersonal interaction, supportive leadership and handling conflict, and staff relationships with physicians and autonomy.ConclusionThis study has identified nurses’ perspectives regarding their workplaces in contemporary China. These data have provided an important baseline for developing and implementing culturally appropriate strategies to improve the working environment of Chinese nurses.Relevance to clinical practiceA supportive and enabling work environment promotes professional development and the safety and quality of health care. Addressing these factors is important in optimising work place environments.
Barriers and Facilitators to Cervical Cancer Screening Among Women in Rural Ontario, Canada: The Role of Self‐Collected HPV Testing
Authors: Racey C. Sarai , Gesink Dionne C. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractPurposeThe addition of human papillomavirus (HPV) testing to primary cervical cancer screening provides an opportunity to employ less invasive cervical cancer screening modalities. The objective of this study was to explore the initial reaction and perception to HPV self‐collected testing, in the context of current barriers and facilitators to cervical cancer screening, among women in an underscreened community in rural Ontario.MethodsAge‐stratified focus groups were conducted with women 18‐70 years of age in rural Ontario to discuss cervical cancer screening. Women were recruited using purposive sampling of underscreened women and women in the general community. Qualitative thematic analysis of focus group transcripts identified the barriers, facilitators, and role of HPV self‐collected testing for cervical cancer screening.ResultsFour focus groups were conducted with a total of 25 women. Overall, women were very positive toward self‐collected HPV testing. HPV self‐collected testing was felt to address many of the logistical (eg, inconvenient clinic hours, lack of time) and procedural barriers (embarrassment, lack of social distance in a small town) to current screening practices. However, self‐collected HPV testing does not address barriers related to cervical cancer knowledge (eg, fear of cancer). Women identified issues related to test reliability, confidence in the ability to self‐collect, and education around testing that would need to be addressed prior to implementation. Generational differences were noted in the acceptability of self‐collected HPV testing between older and younger women.ConclusionsHPV self‐collected testing was perceived as a facilitator for screening, and it was well accepted in this rural community.
Pharmacokinetic profiles of meloxicam in turtles (Trachemys scripta scripta) after single oral, intracoelomic and intramuscular administrations
Authors: Di Salvo A. , Giorgi M. , Catanzaro A. , Deli G. , della Rocca G. 
Published: August 2015

Meloxicam is an anti‐inflammatory and analgesic drug used to treat many pathological conditions in turtles. With the aim to fill the lack of data about its pharmacokinetic in this species, eighteen turtles (Trachemys scripta scripta) were divided in three groups and treated with a single dose of meloxicam (0.2 mg/kg) by intramuscular, intracoelomic and oral route, respectively. At scheduled time points, blood samples were collected and meloxicam concentrations were determined by HPLC. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated from the obtained concentration–time curves. After intramuscular treatment, a plasma peak of meloxicam equal to 1590.03 ± 1845.32 ng/mL (mean ± SD) and a Tmax of 1.17 ± 0.45 h were reached, indicating a quick absorption of the drug. The intracoelomic administration brought to the largest AUC (12621.04 ± 6203.79 h*ng/mL) and to a Cmax and a Tmax equal to 1154.52 ± 662.78 ng/mL and 2.82 ± 1.39 h, respectively. Following oral treatment, the plasma concentrations of meloxicam were very low indicating a scarce absorption. Further studies are warranted to determine the effective plasma concentration of meloxicam in turtles and, consequently, the dosage regimen.
The common PNPLA3 variant p.I148M is associated with liver fat contents as quantified by controlled attenuation parameter (CAP)
Authors: Arslanow Anita , Stokes Caroline S. , Weber Susanne N. , Grünhage Frank , Lammert Frank , Krawczyk Marcin 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is becoming the most prevalent liver disorder. The PNPLA3 (adiponutrin) variant p.I148M has been identified as common genetic modifier of NAFLD. Our aim was to assess the relationships between genetic risk and non‐invasively measured liver fat content.MethodsHepatic steatosis was quantified by transient elastography, using the controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) in 174 patients with chronic liver diseases (50% women, age 18–77 years). In addition, a cohort of 174 gender‐matched healthy controls (50% women, age 32–77 years) was recruited. The PNPLA3 mutation as well as the novel NAFLD‐predisposing genetic variant (TM6SF2 p.E167K) were genotyped with allele‐specific probes.ResultsThe PNPLA3 genotype correlated significantly (P = 0.001) with hepatic CAP measurements. The p.148M risk allele increased the odds of developing liver steatosis (OR = 2.39, P = 0.023). In multivariate models, BMI and PNPLA3 mutation were both independently associated with CAP values (P < 0.001 and P = 0.007, respectively). Carriers of the TM6SF2 risk allele presented with increased aminotransferase activities (ALT: P = 0.007, AST: P = 0.004), but the presence of this variant did not affect CAP values.ConclusionsThe PNPLA3 p.I148M variant represents the most important prosteatotic genetic risk factor. NAFLD carriers of this variant should be followed up carefully, with elastography and CAP being ideally suited for this purpose.
The Personal Politics of Same‐Sex Marriage
Authors: Burnett Craig M. , King Aaron S. 
Published: August 2015

Research on attitudes toward gay people and same‐sex marriage finds that individuals who know a gay person in their immediate personal network are not only more likely to view gay people positively but also support same‐sex marriage. Here we examine whether this result extends to an individual's stance toward specific ballot measures regarding same‐sex marriage across different social and political climates ranging from the conservative South to the liberal Pacific Northwest. Using survey data collected in three states that considered banning or approving same‐sex marriage during the 2012 election cycle, we analyze the hypothesis that a personal relationship with a gay person affects an individual's vote choice on a ballot measure with actual policy consequences. In the end, we find mixed results across the three states. Our results suggest the importance of state‐level variation in the social climate that may temper the effect of contact.Related Articles

Barth, Jay, and
Janine Parry. 2009. “.” Politics & Policy 37 (): 31‐50. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2007.00160.x/abstract

Bramlett, Brittany. 2012. “.” Politics & Policy 40 (): 13‐42. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2011.00337.x/abstract

Skipworth, Sue Ann,
Andrew Garner, and
Bryan J. Dettrey. 2010. “.” Politics & Policy 38 (): 887‐906. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2010.00262.x/abstract
Related Media

Cotner, Ben, and
Ryan White. HBO Documentary. http://thecaseagainst8.com/

2015. “Same‐Sex Marriage Laws.” http://www.ncsl.org/research/human‐services/same‐sex‐marriage‐laws.aspx
‘I have the world's best job’ – staff experience of the advantages of caring for older people
Authors: Eldh Ann Catrine , van der Zijpp Teatske , McMullan Christel , McCormack Brendan , Seers Kate , Rycroft‐Malone Jo 
Published: August 2015

RationaleBesides a growing demand for safe high‐quality care for older people, long‐term care (LTC) often struggles to recruit appropriately qualified nursing staff. Understanding what LTC staff value in their work may contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of what can attract staff and support person‐centred care.AimTo explore staff experience of the advantages of working in LTC settings for older people.MethodsNarrative descriptions of 85 LTC staff in Ireland, the Netherlands and Sweden on what they value in their work were analysed with qualitative content analysis.EthicsEthical approval was obtained according to the requirements of each country, and participants provided informed consent prior to the individual interviews.FindingsWorking in LTC signifies bonding with the older people residing there, their next of kin and the team members. It means autonomy in one's daily tasks amalgamated with being a part of an affirmative team. Participants reported a sense of accomplishment and fulfilment; caring meant consideration and recognition of the older people and the relationships formed, which provided for professional and personal growth. The sharing of compassion between staff and residents indicated reciprocity of the relationship with residents.Study limitationsThe findings may be transferable to LTC in general although they address only the positive aspects of caring for older people and only the experiences of those staff who had consented to take part in the study.ConclusionsThe findings add to what underpins the quality of care in nursing homes: compassion in the nurse–resident relationship and person‐centred care in LTC. They indicate reciprocity in the relations formed that may contribute to the empowerment of older people, but further studies are needed to explore this in more detail.
THE MODERN STUDY OF MYTH AND ITS RELATION TO SCIENCE
Authors: Segal Robert A. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe history of the modern study of myth can be divided into two main categories: that which sees myth as the primitive counterpart to natural science, itself considered overwhelmingly modern, and that which sees myth as almost anything but the primitive counterpart to natural science. The first category constitutes the nineteenth‐century approach to myth. The second category constitutes the twentieth‐century approach. Tylor and Frazer epitomize the nineteenth‐century view. Malinowski, Eliade, Bultmann, Jonas, Camus, Freud, and Jung epitomize the twentieth‐century approach. The question for the twenty‐first century is whether myth can be brought back to the physical world, but in a way compatible with science. The case of the myth of Gaia will be considered as a possible way of doing so.
Heat Transfer Augmentation due to Coolant Extraction on the Cold Side of Active Clearance Control Manifolds
Authors: Da Soghe Riccardo , Bianchini Cosimo , Andreini Antonio , Facchini Bruno , Mazzei Lorenzo 
Published: August 2015

Jet array is an arrangement typically used to cool several gas turbine parts. Some examples of such applications can be found in the impingement cooled region of gas turbine airfoils or in the turbine blade tip clearances control of large aero-engines. In the open literature, several contributions focus on the impingement jets formation and deals with the heat transfer phenomena that take place on the impingement target surface. However, deficiencies of general studies emerges when the internal convective cooling of the impinging system feeding channels is concerned.
In this work an aero-thermal analysis of jet arrays for active clearance control was performed; the aim was the definition of a correlation for the internal (i.e. within the feeding channel) convective heat transfer coefficient augmentation due to the coolant extraction operated by the bleeding holes. The data were taken from a set of CFD RANS simulations, in which the behaviour of the cooling system was investigated over a wide range of fluid-dynamics conditions. More in detail, several different holes arrangements were investigated with the aim of evaluating the influence of the hole spacing on the heat transfer coefficient distribution. Tests were conducted by varying the feeding channel Reynolds number in a wide range of real engine operative conditions. An in depth analysis of the numerical data set has underlined the opportunity of an efficient reduction through the local suction ratio of hole and feeding pipe, local Reynolds number and manifold porosity: the dependence of the heat transfer coefficient enhancement factor from these parameter is roughly exponential.