bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chondrocutaneous helix rim advancement flap: two classical and two new modifications for very large defects of the ear
Authors: Valesky E.M. , Kaufmann R. , Meissner M. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe plastic reconstruction of the ear after microscopically controlled tumor surgery is a particular challenge. The chondrocutaneous helix rim advancement flap (CHRAF) is perfectly suited for the repair of different defects of the helix and even defects beyond.ObjectiveHere, we describe two known and two new modifications of the CHRAF that enlarge the scope of application in tumor surgery of the ear.MethodsWe demonstrate the different techniques and practical application of the repair and evaluate the benefits and limitations.ResultsThe CHRAF and its modifications is an excellent method for repair of various defects of the helical region of the ear.ConclusionThe CHRAF and its modifications proves to be an good alternative to other methods of closure by preserving the anatomical contour and mechanical and acoustic functions in a single‐staged procedure with excellent aesthetic results. The two new modifications we introduced here, enlarge the known armentarium for very large defects of the upper pole and the mid‐helix of the ear.
Accuracy of in vivo confocal microscopy for diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma: a comparative study between handheld and wide‐probe confocal imaging
Authors: Castro R.P. , Stephens A. , Fraga‐Braghiroli N.A. , Oliviero M.C. , Rezze G.G. , Rabinovitz H. , Scope A. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackgroundReflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) increases specificity of identification of basal cell carcinoma (BCC). A smaller‐diameter handheld RCM (HH‐RCM) allows better access to limited anatomic locations.ObjectiveTo compare accuracy of HH‐RCM in identification of BCC to that of traditional wide‐probe RCM (TWP‐RCM).MethodsPatients presenting at least one lesion clinically and dermoscopically suspicious for BCC, were recruited from two dermatology skin cancer clinics. Prior to excision, we attempted to image all lesions with HH‐RCM and TWP‐RCM using a standardized protocol. RCM images were retrospectively evaluated, jointly by two blinded readers. For purposes of comparative RCM, sensitivity and specificity analysis, we used a threshold of ≥3 RCM criteria to identify BCC, whereby at least one criterion had to be presence of ‘dark silhouettes’ or ‘bright tumor islands’.ResultsAmong 54 lesions imaged with both RCM devices, 45 were biopsy‐proven BCCs. Comparison between TWP‐RCM vs. HH‐RCM was as follows: sensitivity (100% vs. 93%), specificity (78% for both probes), positive predictive value (96% vs. 95%), and negative predictive value (100% vs. 70%) respectively. Notably, both TWP‐RCM and HH‐RCM demonstrated the presence of ‘dark silhouettes’ or ‘bright tumor islands’ in all 45 BCCs.ConclusionBoth RCM probes demonstrate high PPV. TWP‐RCM shows higher NPV, since its broader field‐of‐view probably allows more exhaustive search for BCC criteria. The RCM criteria threshold for BCC identification should be further tested.
Risk of peptic ulcer bleeding associated with Helicobacter pylori infection, nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, low‐dose aspirin, and antihypertensive drugs: A case‐control study
Authors: Nagata Naoyoshi , Niikura Ryota , Sekine Katsunori , Sakurai Toshiyuki , Shimbo Takuro , Kishida Yoshihiro , Tanaka Shohei , Aoki Tomonori , Okubo Hidetaka , Watanabe Kazuhiro , Yokoi Chizu , Akiyama Junichi , Yanase Mikio , Mizokami Masashi , Uemura Naomi 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackground and AimThe associations between antithrombotic or antihypertensive drugs and peptic ulcer bleeding (PUB) remain unknown, particularly in Asia, where Helicobacter pylori infection is prevalent. This study aims to evaluate the risks of PUB from antithrombotic drugs, angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, α‐blockers, and β‐blockers.MethodsThis prospective hospital‐based case‐control study included 230 patients with endoscopically verified PUB and 920 age and sex‐matched controls (1:4) without bleeding on screening endoscopy. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) for the risk of PUB were determined by conditional logistic regression analysis.ResultsIn multivariate analysis, alcohol consumption (AOR, 2.2; P < 0.001), history of peptic ulcer (AOR, 4.8; P < 0.001), H. pylori infection (AOR, 2.1; P < 0.001), comorbidity index (AOR, 1.1; P = 0.089), nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (AOR, 2.0; P = 0.025), and low‐dose aspirin (AOR, 2.8; P = 0.003) increased the risk of PUB, whereas H. pylori eradication (AOR, 0.03; P < 0.001), proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) (AOR, 0.1; P < 0.001), and histamine 2‐receptor antagonists (H2RA) (AOR, 0.1; P < 0.001) reduced it. No significant interactions were observed between H. pylori infection and NSAIDs use for PUB (P = 0.913). ARBs (P = 0.564), ACE inhibitors (P = 0.213), calcium channel blockers (P = 0.215), α‐blockers (P = 0.810), and β‐blockers (P = 0.864) were not associated with PUB.ConclusionWe found that alcohol consumption, history of peptic ulcer, H. pylori infection, NSAIDs use, and low‐dose aspirin use were independent risk factors for PUB, whereas H. pylori‐eradication, PPIs use, and H2RA use reduced its risk. Interactions between H. pylori and NSAIDs use in PUB were not observed. No antihypertensive drug was associated with PUB.
Does Familiarity Foster Innovation? The Impact of Alliance Partner Repeatedness on Breakthrough Innovations
Authors: Zheng Yanfeng , Yang Haibin 
Published: October 2014

AbstractDoes familiarity with alliance partners promote breakthrough innovations? This study draws on the literature of interorganizational routines to examine the impact of repeated R&D collaborations within a firm's alliance portfolio on its breakthrough innovations. Specifically, we contend that the benefits and liabilities of interorganizational routines, arising from alliance partner repeatedness at a firm's alliance portfolio level, lead to an inverted U‐shaped relationship between alliance partner repeatedness and breakthrough innovations. Further, we build on the recent theoretical development of interorganizational routines to propose that technological dynamism will make the inverted U‐shaped relationship steeper. Analyses of approximately 230 firms in the US biopharmaceutical industry from 1983 to 2002 support our hypotheses. Our findings provide important implications for research on alliance portfolio and management of firm innovation.
Social Acceleration Theory and the Self
Authors: Hsu Eric L. , Elliott Anthony 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIn recent years, there has been a rapidly growing body of work in the social sciences that underscores the prevalence of the phenomenon of ‘social acceleration'—the speeding up of social life— in many parts of theWestern world. Although research on social acceleration has tended to analyze the phenomenon on a social‐structural level, there is also a need to investigate how social acceleration has ‘ramifications for the socially dominant forms of self‐relation’. One way to gain a more in‐depth understanding of this facet of social acceleration is to investigate the speeding up of social life through the prism of the self. The central argument of this article is that there are at least five images of the self which can be associated with the social acceleration phenomenon: (1) the ‘detached’ self, (2) the ‘reflexive’ self, (3) the ‘reinventive’ self, (4) the ‘stationary’ self and (5) the ‘decelerating’ self. By explaining how these kinds of self relate to the speeding up process, we seek to advance a more nuanced and sophisticated theory of social acceleration, which captures some of the complexities and paradoxes that the phenomenon involves.
Toxic epidermal necrolysis treated with N‐acetylcysteine
Authors: Yavuz Haluk , Emiroglu Melike 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAdverse drug reactions are the major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Cutaneous drug reaction is the most common type of adverse reaction. Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a rare, life‐threatening mucocutaneous disease, usually attributable to drugs. There is no proven therapy for TEN. The mainstay of therapy is immediate withdrawal of the culprit drug, using disease‐modifying agents, and meticulous supportive care. Several disease‐modifying agents have been used such as steroid, i.v. human immunoglobulin (IVIg), plasmapheresis. A 10‐year‐old epileptic girl was admitted with lamotrigine‐induced TEN. She was unresponsive to steroid. Her condition deteriorated despite IVIg treatment. She was treated with N‐acetylcysteine (NAC). To our knowledge this is the first report of a child with TEN, a potentially lethal disorder, treated with NAC. NAC may be effective for children with TEN.
Traumatic head injury mimicking acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late reduced diffusion
Authors: Inoue Hirofumi , Hasegawa Shunji , Kajimoto Madoka , Matsushige Takeshi , Ichiyama Takashi 
Published: October 2014

AbstractMany studies have reported acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late reduced diffusion (AESD) associated with viral infection at onset, but few studies have reported AESD without infection. We report the case of a 9‐month‐old boy who had a clinical course mimicking AESD after a traffic accident. The traffic accident caused a mild subdural hematoma without neurological abnormalities on admission. The boy became unconscious on the second day, and he was diagnosed with non‐convulsive status epilepticus on the third day. Diffusion‐weighted imaging showed reduced water diffusion in the subcortical white matter. On laboratory analysis interleukin (IL)‐6 was elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), but not in the serum. He had severe neurological sequelae with mental retardation, spastic tetraplegia, and epilepsy. We suggest that brain damage mimicking AESD was caused by the traffic accident and the prolonged seizure during infancy.
Spontaneous pneumomediastinum as a complication in human bocavirus infection
Authors: Pekcan Sevgi , Gokturk Bahar , Uygun Kucukapan Hasibe , Arslan Ugur , Fındık Duygu 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe most common causes of spontaneous pneumomediastinum (SPM) in children are asthma attack and respiratory tract infection. Here, we describe a case of SPM in a human bocavirus‐infected 2‐year‐old boy with bronchiolitis.
Modulation of eyeblink and postauricular reflexes during the anticipation and viewing of food images
Authors: Hebert Karen R. , Valle‐Inclán Fernando , Hackley Steven A. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractOne of the goals of neuroscience research on the reward system is to fractionate its functions into meaningful subcomponents. To this end, the present study examined emotional modulation of the eyeblink and postauricular components of startle in 60 young adults during anticipation and viewing of food images. Appetitive and disgusting photos served as rewards and punishments in a guessing game. Reflexes evoked during anticipation were not influenced by valence, consistent with the prevailing view that startle modulation indexes hedonic impact (liking) rather than incentive salience (wanting). During the slide‐viewing period, postauricular reflexes were larger for correct than incorrect feedback, whereas the reverse was true for blink reflexes. Probes were delivered in brief trains, but only the first response exhibited this pattern. The specificity of affective startle modification makes it a valuable tool for studying the reward system.
Inverse Identification at Very High Strain Rate of the Johnson–Cook Constitutive Model on the Ti‐6Al‐4 V Alloy With a Specially Designed Direct‐impact Kolsky Bar Device
Authors: Guo X. , Heuzé T. , Othman R. , Racineux G. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTIn the present work, an inverse identification of the Johnson–Cook constitutive model is performed on the titanium alloy Ti‐6Al‐4 V at three strain rates until about 2·104 s−1 (till about 1.1·104 s−1 of plastic strain rate) on a specially designed direct impact Kolsky bar device. First, the design of such a device must meet several criteria, and is shown to be the solution of an optimization problem. A systematic design procedure for such a device is then introduced. Second, an inverse analysis using the finite element code ABAQUS is carried out to identify the Johnson–Cook parameters on experimental data obtained with the designed system.
Corneal grafting for the treatment of feline corneal sequestrum: a retrospective study of 18 eyes (13 cats)
Authors: Laguna Fernando , Leiva Marta , Costa Daniel , Lacerda Rodrigo , Peña Gimenez Teresa 
Published: October 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the clinical outcome of corneal grafting for the treatment of feline corneal sequestrum (FCS).Animal studiedDomestic cats.ProceduresA review of the medical records of cats that underwent keratoplasty as a treatment ofFCSat theVTH‐UAB, from 2002 to 2012, was carried out.ResultsThirteen cats (18 eyes) of different breed, age, and gender were included. Persian cats were overrepresented (12/13;92%). There were nine males and four females, of a mean age of 3.4 years (0.7–7.1). Ipsilateral chronic corneal ulceration was reported as the most common concurrent ocular disease (6/18;33%). Keratoplasty was performed bilaterally in 5 cats (5/13;38%) and unilaterally in 8 (8/13;62%). Lamellar keratoplasty was performed in 17 eyes (17/18;95%) and full‐thickness keratoplasty in 1 (1/18;5%). Mean graft size was 8.3 mm (4–11.5). Fresh homologous graft was performed in 2 eyes (2/18;11%) and frozen graft in 16 (16/18;89%). Of the latter group, homologous graft was performed in 6 eyes (6/16;37.5%) and heterologous in 10 (10/16;62.5%). In all the cats, postoperative treatment included topical antibiotics, corticosteroids, cycloplegics, and 0.2% cyclosporine A. Median follow‐up time was 18.2 months, and main postoperative complications were diffuse mild epithelial pigment formation (2/18;11%), graft malacia (1/18;5%), and sequestrum recurrence (1/18;5%). Mean epithelial healing time was 19.2 days. Good visual outcome was achieved in all the eyes (100%), the majority of them having faint or mild corneal opacity (15/18;83%).ConclusionsKeratoplasty is an effective surgical treatment forFCS. The donor tissue provides excellent tectonic support to the affected corneas, with good visual and cosmetic outcome.
Image‐based thresholds for weeds in maize fields
Authors: Ali A , Streibig J C , Christensen S , Andreasen C 
Published: October 2014

SummaryRecent development of site‐specific weed management strategies suggests patch application of herbicides to avoid their excessive use in crops. The estimation of infestation of weeds and control thresholds are important components for taking spray decisions. If weed pressure is below a certain level in some parts of the field and if late germinating weeds do not affect yield, it may not be necessary the spray such places from an economic point of view. Consequently, it makes sense to develop weed control thresholds for patch spraying, based on weed cover early in the growing season. In Danish maize field experiments conducted from 2010 to 2012, we estimated competitive ability parameters and control thresholds of naturally established weed populations in the context of decision‐making for patch spraying. The most frequent weed was Chenopodium album, accompanied by Capsella bursa‐pastoris, Cirsium arvense, Lamium amplexicaule, Tripleurospermum inodorum, Poa annua, Polygonum aviculare, Polygonum persicaria, Stellaria media and Veronica persica. Relative leaf cover of weeds was estimated using an image analysis method. The relation between relative weed leaf cover and yield loss was analysed by nonlinear regression models. The competitive ability parameters and economic thresholds were estimated from the regression models. The competitive ability of weed mixtures was influenced by the increasing proportion of large size weeds in the mixtures. There was no significant effect of weeds which survived or established after the first herbicide application, indicating that early image analysis was robust for use under these conditions.
Genetic diversity of East and West African Striga hermonthica populations and virulence effects on a contrasting set of sorghum cultivars
Authors: Bozkurt M L , Muth P , Parzies H K , Haussmann B I G 
Published: October 2014

SummaryThe root hemiparasite Striga hermonthica causes very significant yield loss in its dryland staple cereal host, Sorghum bicolor. Striga‐resistant sorghum cultivars could be an important part of integrated S. hermonthica control. For effective resistance breeding, knowledge about the diversity of the parasite is essential. This study aimed (i) to determine the genetic diversity within and between seven S. hermonthica populations from East and West Africa using 15 microsatellite markers and (ii) to assess the virulence and host–parasite interactions of these Striga populations grown on 16 diverse sorghum genotypes in a glasshouse trial. Most of the genetic variance (91%) assessed with microsatellite markers occurred within S. hermonthica populations. Only a small portion (8%) occurred between regions of origin of the populations. A positive correlation (R2 = 0.14) between pairwise geographic and genetic distances reflected the slightly increasing differentiation of S. hermonthica populations with increasing geographic distance. East African S. hermonthica populations, especially those from Sudan, had significantly greater average infestation success across all sorghum genotypes than West African populations. Some specific host–parasite interaction effects were observed. The high genetic variation among individuals of each S. hermonthica population underlines the high potential adaptability to different hosts and changing environments. This points to the need to manage sorghum resistance alleles in space and time and to employ resistant varieties as part of integrated S. hermonthica control, so as to hinder the parasite overcoming resistance.
Multiple resistance across glufosinate, glyphosate, paraquat and ACCase‐inhibiting herbicides in an Eleusine indica population
Authors: Jalaludin A , Yu Q , Powles S B 
Published: October 2014

SummaryAn Eleusine indica population was previously reported as the first global case of field‐evolved glufosinate resistance. This study re‐examines glufosinate resistance and investigates multiple resistance to other herbicides in the population. Dose–response experiments with glufosinate showed that the resistant population is 5‐fold and 14‐fold resistant relative to the susceptible population, based on GR50 and LD50 R/S ratio respectively. The selected glufosinate‐resistant subpopulation also displayed a high‐level resistance to glyphosate, with the respective GR50 and LD50 R/S ratios being 12‐ and 144‐fold. In addition, the subpopulation also displayed a level of resistance to paraquat and ACCase‐inhibiting herbicides fluazifop‐P‐butyl, haloxyfop‐P‐methyl and butroxydim. ACCase gene sequencing revealed that the Trp‐2027‐Cys mutation is likely responsible for resistance to the ACCase inhibitors examined. Here, we confirm glufosinate resistance and importantly, we find very high‐level glyphosate resistance, as well as resistance to paraquat and ACCase‐inhibiting herbicides. This is the first confirmed report of a weed species that evolved multiple resistance across all the three non‐selective global herbicides, glufosinate, glyphosate and paraquat.
A hardware investigation of robotic SPECT for functional and molecular imaging onboard radiation therapy systems
Authors: Yan Susu , Bowsher James , Tough MengHeng , Cheng Lin , Yin Fang‐Fang 
Published: October 2014

Purpose:To construct a robotic SPECT system and to demonstrate its capability to image a thorax phantom on a radiation therapy flat‐top couch, as a step toward onboard functional and molecular imaging in radiation therapy.Methods:A robotic SPECT imaging system was constructed utilizing a gamma camera detector (Digirad 2020tc) and a robot (KUKA KR150 L110 robot). An imaging study was performed with a phantom (PET CT PhantomTM), which includes five spheres of 10, 13, 17, 22, and 28 mm diameters. The phantom was placed on a flat‐top couch. SPECT projections were acquired either with a parallel‐hole collimator or a single‐pinhole collimator, both without background in the phantom and with background at 1/10th the sphere activity concentration. The imaging trajectories of parallel‐hole and pinhole collimated detectors spanned 180° and 228°, respectively. The pinhole detector viewed an off‐centered spherical common volume which encompassed the 28 and 22 mm spheres. The common volume for parallel‐hole system was centered at the phantom which encompassed all five spheres in the phantom. The maneuverability of the robotic system was tested by navigating the detector to trace the phantom and flat‐top table while avoiding collision and maintaining the closest possible proximity to the common volume. The robot base and tool coordinates were used for image reconstruction.Results:The robotic SPECT system was able to maneuver parallel‐hole and pinhole collimated SPECT detectors in close proximity to the phantom, minimizing impact of the flat‐top couch on detector radius of rotation. Without background, all five spheres were visible in the reconstructed parallel‐hole image, while four spheres, all except the smallest one, were visible in the reconstructed pinhole image. With background, three spheres of 17, 22, and 28 mm diameters were readily observed with the parallel‐hole imaging, and the targeted spheres (22 and 28 mm diameters) were readily observed in the pinhole region‐of‐interest imaging.Conclusions:Onboard SPECT could be achieved by a robot maneuvering a SPECT detector about patients in position for radiation therapy on a flat‐top couch. The robot inherent coordinate frames could be an effective means to estimate detector pose for use in SPECT image reconstruction.