bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photochemical Generation of 9H‐Fluorenyl Radicals
Authors: Dyblenko Tatiana , Chtchemelinine Andrei , Reiter Ryan , Chowdhury Ruhul Q. , Enaya Alexander , Afifi Hanan , Fournier Rene , Mladenova Gabriela , Lever Alfred Barry P. , Lee‐Ruff Edward 
Published: December 2013

AbstractA series of 9‐substituted fluorenols and 9,9′‐disubstituted‐9,9′‐bifluorenyls were irradiated to give products derived from fluorenyl radicals. Product distribution was solvent dependent. A TEMPO adduct was isolated from the photoexcitation of 9‐fluorenol. An unusual unsymmetrical 3,9′‐bifluorenyl was observed from the photolysis of 9‐trifluoromethylfluorenol and 9,9′‐di(trifluoromethyl)‐9,9′‐bifluorenyl in more polar or hydrogen‐bonding solvents. The electronic nature of 9‐substituted fluorenyl radicals was probed using theoretical calculations showing the dipolar character of species with electron‐deficient groups. These constitute the first examples of “doubly destabilized” radicals.
Risk factors associated with preoperative fecal carriage of extended‐spectrum β‐lactamase‐producing Enterobacteriaceae in liver transplant recipients
Authors: Bert F. , Larroque B. , Dondero F. , Durand F. , Paugam‐Burtz C. , Belghiti J. , Moreau R. , Nicolas‐Chanoine M.‐H. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the study was to identify risk factors associated with pre‐transplant fecal carriage of extended‐spectrum β‐lactamase (ESBL)‐producing Enterobacteriaceae in liver transplant recipients.Patients and methodsOver a 3‐year period (January 2009–December 2011), 317 patients who underwent liver transplantation were screened preoperatively for fecal carriage of ESBL‐producing Enterobacteriaceae. Risk factors for fecal carriage were investigated by univariate analysis and stepwise logistic regression.ResultsOf the 317 patients screened, 50 (15.7%) harbored an ESBL‐producing isolate. Previous infection with an ESBL‐producing organism had developed during the last 6 months in 20% of fecal carriers versus in none of the non‐carriers. Other variables associated with fecal carriage were a model for end‐stage liver disease score ≥25, pre‐transplant stay in the intensive care unit ≥48 h, hospital stay ≥10 days in the last 6 months, a history of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), exposure to a β‐lactam agent in the last month, and prophylaxis with norfloxacin. Independent predictors of fecal carriage in the multivariate logistic regression model were exposure to a β‐lactam agent in the month preceding transplantation (odds ratio [OR] = 7.8, confidence interval [CI] = 4–15.5, P < 0.001), and a history of SBP (OR = 2.4, CI = 1.1–4.9, P = 0.02).ConclusionsPrevious infection with an ESBL‐producing isolate, recent exposure to a β‐lactam agent, and a history of SBP are risk factors for preoperative fecal carriage of ESBL‐producing Enterobacteriaceae in liver transplant recipients. Patients at risk of fecal carriage should receive intraoperative prophylaxis and, when necessary, empiric postoperative antimicrobial treatment that includes coverage for these organisms.
Severe life‐threatening Ehrlichia chaffeensis infections transmitted through solid organ transplantation
Authors: Sachdev S.H. , Joshi V. , Cox E.R. , Amoroso A. , Palekar S. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackgroundDonor‐derived infections from organ transplantation are rare occurrences with preoperative screening practices. Ehrlichia chaffeensis, a tick‐borne illness, transmitted through solid organ transplantation has not been reported previously to our knowledge. We present cases of 2 renal allograft recipients who developed severe E. chaffeensis infection after receipt of organs from a common deceased donor.MethodsThe 2 renal transplant patients who developed E. chaffeensis infection are reported in case study format with review of the literature.ResultsApproximately 3 weeks after renal transplantation, both patients developed an acute febrile illness and rapid clinical decline. Recipient A underwent an extensive infectious workup that revealed positive E. chaffeensis DNA from polymerase chain reaction on peripheral blood. Recipient B's clinical team obtained acute and convalescent antibody titers for E. chaffeensis, which demonstrated acute infection. Recipients A and B were treated with doxycycline and tigecycline, respectively, with clinical cure.ConclusionsThese cases demonstrate that tick‐borne pathogens, such as E. chaffeensis, can be transmitted through renal transplantation. E. chaffeensis can be associated with excessive morbidity and mortality, commonly owing to delay in diagnosis and poor response to non‐tetracycline antibiotics. In populations with endemic tick‐borne illness, donors should be questioned about tick exposure, and appropriate antibiotics can be administered if indicated.
Blood donation within the family: the transmission of values and practices
Authors: Quéniart Anne 
Published: December 2013

BackgroundThis article presents the results of our study, which aimed to examine the role of family in the transmission of practices and values associated with blood donation.Study Design and MethodsFifty‐two qualitative semi‐structured interviews were conducted in the province of Quebec, Canada. They were categorized into three distinct dyads (one parent and one child interviewed per dyad): 1) parent donor/child donor (10 dyads); 2) parent nondonor/child donor (8 dyads); and 3) parent donor/child nondonor (8 dyads).Results and ConclusionOur results point to two kinds of families: in the first type, blood donation has been an integral “part of life” for generations and we can observe a process of transmission—a set of practices that encompasses imitation or modeling. In the second type of family, the act of donating blood was perceived and defined as an individual one, in the sense of personal, and sometimes even as a private gesture: a majority of young donors started giving at their colleges' blood drives without discussing it with their families.
Triple-Frequency Radar Reflectivity Signatures of Snow: Observations and Comparisons with Theoretical Ice Particle Scattering Models
Authors: Kulie Mark S. , Hiley Michael J. , Bennartz Ralf , Kneifel Stefan , Tanelli Simone 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAn observation-based study is presented that utilizes aircraft data from the 2003 Wakasa Bay Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer Precipitation Validation Campaign to assess recent advances in the modeling of microwave scattering properties of nonspherical ice particles in the atmosphere. Previous work has suggested that a triple-frequency (Ku–Ka–W band) reflectivity framework appears capable of identifying key microphysical properties of snow, potentially providing much-needed constraints on significant sources of uncertainty in current snowfall retrieval algorithms used for microwave remote sensing instruments. However, these results were based solely on a modeling framework. In contrast, this study considers the triple-frequency approach from an observational perspective using airborne radar observations from the Wakasa Bay field campaign. After accounting for several challenges with the observational dataset, such as beam mismatching and attenuation, observed dual-wavelength ratio results are presented that confirm both the utility of a multifrequency approach to snowfall retrieval and the validity of the unique signatures predicted by complex aggregate ice particle scattering models. This analysis provides valuable insight into the microphysics of frozen precipitation that can in turn be applied to more readily available single- and dual-frequency systems, providing guidance for future precipitation retrieval algorithms.
The Residual-Mean Circulation in the Tropical Tropopause Layer Driven by Tropical Waves
Authors: Ortland David A. , Alexander M. Joan 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Latent heating estimates derived from rainfall observations are used to construct model experiments that isolate equatorial waves forced by tropical convection from midlatitude synoptic-scale waves. These experiments are used to demonstrate that quasi-stationary equatorial Rossby waves forced by latent heating drive most of the observed residual-mean upwelling across the tropopause transition layer within 15° of the equator. The seasonal variation of the equatorial waves and the mean meridional upwelling that they cause is examined for two full years from 2006 to 2007. Changes in equatorial Rossby wave propagation through seasonally varying mean winds are the primary mechanism for producing an annual variation in the residual-mean upwelling. In the tropical tropopause layer, averaged within 15° of the equator and between 90 and 190 hPa, the annual cycle varies between a maximum upwelling of 0.4 mm s−1 during boreal winter and spring and a minimum of 0.2 mm s−1 during boreal summer. This variability seems to be due to small changes in the mean wind speed in the tropics. Seasonal variations in latent heating have only a relatively minor effect on seasonal variations in tropical tropopause upwelling. In addition, Kelvin waves drive a small downward component of the total circulation over the equator that may be modulated by the quasi-biennial oscillation.
Strengthening of the Pacific Equatorial Undercurrent in the SODA Reanalysis: Mechanisms, Ocean Dynamics, and Implications
Authors: Drenkard Elizabeth J. , Karnauskas Kristopher B. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractSeveral recent studies utilizing global climate models predict that the Pacific Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC) will strengthen over the twenty-first century. Here, historical changes in the tropical Pacific are investigated using the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA) reanalysis toward understanding the dynamics and mechanisms that may dictate such a change. Although SODA does not assimilate velocity observations, the seasonal-to-interannual variability of the EUC estimated by SODA corresponds well with moored observations over a ~20-yr common period. Long-term trends in SODA indicate that the EUC core velocity has increased by 16% century−1 and as much as 47% century−1 at fixed locations since the mid-1800s. Diagnosis of the zonal momentum budget in the equatorial Pacific reveals two distinct seasonal mechanisms that explain the EUC strengthening. The first is characterized by strengthening of the western Pacific trade winds and hence oceanic zonal pressure gradient during boreal spring. The second entails weakening of eastern Pacific trade winds during boreal summer, which weakens the surface current and reduces EUC deceleration through vertical friction. EUC strengthening has important ecological implications as upwelling affects the thermal and biogeochemical environment. Furthermore, given the potential large-scale influence of EUC strength and depth on the heat budget in the eastern Pacific, the seasonal strengthening of the EUC may help reconcile paradoxical observations of Walker circulation slowdown and zonal SST gradient strengthening. Such a process would represent a new dynamical “thermostat” on CO2-forced warming of the tropical Pacific Ocean, emphasizing the importance of ocean dynamics and seasonality in understanding climate change projections.
Temporal Downscaling of Daily Gauged Precipitation by Application of a Satellite Product for Flood Simulation in a Poorly Gauged Basin and Its Evaluation with Multiple Regression Analysis
Authors: Ryo Masahiro , Saavedra Valeriano Oliver C. , Kanae Shinjiro , Ngoc Tinh Dang 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
The study demonstrates that the temporal downscaling of rain gauge–measured precipitation with satellite-based precipitation estimates enhances the accuracy of hydrological simulations, especially for flood duration. Multiple regression analysis was examined to predict which hydrometeorological parameters have a significant influence on accuracy. The approach was examined at the Hương River basin in Vietnam (1520 km2), which is a mountainous region subject to heavy rainfall. The multisensor algorithm Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation, version Moving Vector with Kalman (MVK; GSMaP_MVK; Psat), was employed to downscale the daily gauge precipitation measurements into 6-h time steps. Discharge in the rainy season in 2006–09 was simulated by a distributed hydrological model with 6-h time steps with four precipitation datasets: 6-h gauge (Pcontrol), daily uniform gauge (Puni), Psat, and the downscaled satellite product (Pds). Flood simulation with Pds performed better than that with Puni in 14 out of the 18 flood events, being close to the results with Pcontrol (median Nash–Sutcliffe efficiencies of 0.776, 0.261, and 0.710, respectively). Multiple regression analysis showed that the effectiveness of the downscaling method was significantly related to the bias and random errors of the satellite product. In conclusion, satellite-based precipitation measurements have potential for temporal downscaling of discharge simulations from daily to subdaily resolutions in moderate-sized watersheds that lack subdaily rainfall records, and the degree of simulation improvement can be estimated by statistical analysis. The suggested method can be broadly applied to watersheds where the daily precipitation is measured and when satellite-based precipitation measurements are available.
A BAC based physical map and genome survey of the rice false smut fungus Villosiclava virens
Authors: Wang Xiaoming , Liu Qingli , Wang Hao , Luo Chao-Xi , Wang Gejiao , Luo Meizhong 
Published: December 2013

Abstract

Background
Rice false smut caused by Villosiclava virens is a devastating fungal disease that spreads in major rice-growing regions throughout the world. However, the genomic information for this fungal pathogen is limited and the pathogenic mechanism of this disease is still not clear. To facilitate genetic, molecular and genomic studies of this fungal pathogen, we constructed the first BAC-based physical map and performed the first genome survey for this species.

Results
High molecular weight genomic DNA was isolated from young mycelia of the Villosiclava virens strain UV-8b and a high-quality, large-insert and deep-coverage Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) library was constructed with the restriction enzyme HindIII. The BAC library consisted of 5,760 clones, which covers 22.7-fold of the UV-8b genome, with an average insert size of 140 kb and an empty clone rate of lower than 1%. BAC fingerprinting generated successful fingerprints for 2,290 BAC clones. Using the fingerprints, a whole genome-wide BAC physical map was constructed that contained 194 contigs (2,035 clones) spanning 51.2 Mb in physical length. Bidirectional-end sequencing of 4,512 BAC clones generated 6,560 high quality BAC end sequences (BESs), with a total length of 3,030,658 bp, representing 8.54% of the genome sequence. Analysis of the BESs revealed general genome information, including 51.52% GC content, 22.51% repetitive sequences, 376.12/Mb simple sequence repeat (SSR) density and approximately 36.01% coding regions. Sequence comparisons to other available fungal genome sequences through BESs showed high similarities to Metarhizium anisopliae, Trichoderma reesei, Nectria haematococca and Cordyceps militaris, which were generally in agreement with the 18S rRNA gene analysis results.

Conclusion
This study provides the first BAC-based physical map and genome information for the important rice fungal pathogen Villosiclava virens. The BAC clones, physical map and genome information will serve as fundamental resources to accelerate the genetic, molecular and genomic studies of this pathogen, including positional cloning, comparative genomic analysis and whole genome sequencing. The BAC library and physical map have been opened to researchers as public genomic resources (http://gresource.hzau.edu.cn/resource/resource.html).
Inhibitory effects of grape skin extract and resveratrol on fatty acid synthase
Authors: Liang Yan , Tian Weixi , Ma Xiaofeng 
Published: December 2013

Abstract

Background
Grape skin, a rich source of phytochemicals, has been reported to possess remarkable anti-obesity activity. Fatty acid synthase (FAS) is a key enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of fatty acid de novo, and has been considered as an anti-obesity target. To elucidate the anti-obesity mechanism of grape skin, we investigated the effects of grape skin extract (GSE) and resveratrol, one of the phytochemicals in GSE, on FAS and FAS over-expressed 3 T3-L1 preadipocyte.

Methods
Purified FAS was obtained from chicken liver. Dried grape skin was extracted by 50% ethanol and partitioned by ethyl acetate. Inhibitory effects of GSE and resveratrol on FAS including fast-binding inhibition, time-dependent inhibition, and enzyme kinetics were determined. Inhibitory effects of GSE and resveratrol on 3T3-L1 preadipocyte were also measured.

Results
GSE inhibited the overall reaction and β-ketoacyl reductase (KR) reaction of FAS with IC50 values of 4.61 μg/ml and 20.3 μg/ml. For inhibition by resveratrol, the relevant IC50 values were 11.1 μg/ml and 21.9 μg/ml, respectively. And both GSE and resveratrol showed time-dependent inhibition for FAS, with the k
obs values of 0.028 min-1, and 0.040 min-1 respectively. They inhibited the overall reaction of FAS competitively with acetyl-CoA, noncompetitively with malonyl-CoA and in a mixed manner with NADPH. Moreover, the inhibition on KR domain by resveratrol was time-dependent with k
obs value of 0.106 min-1. In 3 T3-L1 preadipocytes, resveratrol reduced lipid accumulation remarkably.

Conclusions
GSE and resveratrol are potent FAS inhibitors and they bound reversibly to the KR domain of FAS to inhibit the reduction of the saturated acyl groups in fatty acid synthesis. Based on the valid data and deliberate analysis, we proposed that GSE and resveratrol have great medical potential and officinal value in treating obesity and related diseases.
Impact of a mandatory geriatric medicine clerkship on the care of older acute medical patients: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: St Onge Joye , Ioannidis George , Papaioannou Alexandra , McLeod Heather , Marr Sharon 
Published: December 2013

Abstract

Background
The impact of geriatric medicine educational programs on patient level outcomes, as opposed to educational measures, is not well studied. We aimed to determine whether completion of a mandatory geriatrics rotation changed the clinical behaviors of clerks caring for older patients admitted to a medical clinical teaching unit.

Methods
We reviewed the charts of 132 older (>70y) patients, admitted to one medical clinical teaching unit (CTU) during 2005, and cared for by a clinical clerk, for documented functional assessment, cognitive assessment, recognition of medications that cause confusion, and early removal of indwelling urinary catheters. Performance of these outcomes was compared between clerks who had completed a mandatory 2-week geriatrics rotation immediately before the medical CTU rotation (n = 62) and those who completed geriatrics immediately after (n = 74). Patient outcomes were also measured and compared between groups.

Results
Compared to clerks without prior geriatric exposure, clerks with geriatrics exposure were almost 3 times as likely to assess function of their older patients within two days of assuming care (27% vs. 12%, OR: 2.73, 95% CI: 1.12 to 6.66). There were no significant differences in the other clinical behaviors. Patients cared for by geriatrics-exposed clerks were less likely to die or be institutionalized (10% vs. 31%, OR: 0.24, 95% CI: 0.09 to 0.63), and they had shorter lengths of stay by an average of -7.14 days (95% CI: -12.2 to -2.07). Adjustment for baseline differences in age and cognitive impairment did not alter the results.

Conclusions
Clinical clerks who had completed a mandatory geriatrics rotation were more likely to document functional status upon assuming care of their older medical CTU patients, and there was also an association with better clinical outcomes. This highlights the value of including a geriatric medicine rotation as part of the core clerkship curriculum.
IVF outcome is optimized when embryos are replaced between 5 and 15 mm from the fundal endometrial surface: a prospective analysis on 1184 IVF cycles
Authors: Rovei Valentina , Dalmasso Paola , Gennarelli Gianluca , Lantieri Teresa , Basso Gemma , Benedetto Chiara , Revelli Alberto 
Published: December 2013

Abstract

Background
Some data suggest that the results of human in vitro fertilization (IVF) may be affected by the site of the uterine cavity where embryos are released. It is not yet clear if there is an optimal range of embryo-fundus distance (EFD) within which embryos should be transferred to optimize IVF outcome.

Methods
The present study included 1184 patients undergoing a blind, clinical-touch ET of 1–2 fresh embryos loaded in a soft catheter with a low amount of culture medium. We measured the EFD using transvaginal US performed immediately after ET, with the aim to assess (a) if EFD affects pregnancy and implantation rates, and (b) if an optimal EFD range can be identified.

Results
Despite comparable patients’ clinical characteristics, embryo morphological quality, and endometrial thickness, an EFD between 5 and 15 mm allowed to obtain significantly higher pregnancy and implantation rates than an EFD above 15 mm. The abortion rate was much higher (although not significantly) when EFD was below 5 mm than when it was between 5 and 15 mm. Combined together, these results produced an overall higher ongoing pregnancy rate in the group of patients whose embryos were released between 5 and 15 mm from the fundal endometrial surface.

Conclusions
The site at which embryos are released affects IVF outcome and an optimal EFD range exists; this observations suggest that US-guided ET could be advantageous vs. clinical-touch ET, as it allows to be more accurate in releasing embryos within the optimal EFD range.
Improving structural similarity based virtual screening using background knowledge
Authors: Girschick Tobias , Puchbauer Lucia , Kramer Stefan 
Published: December 2013

Abstract

Background
Virtual screening in the form of similarity rankings is often applied in the early drug discovery process to rank and prioritize compounds from a database. This similarity ranking can be achieved with structural similarity measures. However, their general nature can lead to insufficient performance in some application cases. In this paper, we provide a link between ranking-based virtual screening and fragment-based data mining methods. The inclusion of binding-relevant background knowledge into a structural similarity measure improves the quality of the similarity rankings. This background knowledge in the form of binding relevant substructures can either be derived by hand selection or by automated fragment-based data mining methods.

Results
In virtual screening experiments we show that our approach clearly improves enrichment factors with both applied variants of our approach: the extension of the structural similarity measure with background knowledge in the form of a hand-selected relevant substructure or the extension of the similarity measure with background knowledge derived with data mining methods.

Conclusion
Our study shows that adding binding relevant background knowledge can lead to significantly improved similarity rankings in virtual screening and that even basic data mining approaches can lead to competitive results making hand-selection of the background knowledge less crucial. This is especially important in drug discovery and development projects where no receptor structure is available or more frequently no verified binding mode is known and mostly ligand based approaches can be applied to generate hit compounds.