bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Anti-Inflammatory Effects and Mechanism of the Submerged Culture of Ophiocordyceps sinensis and Its Possible Active Compounds
Authors: Huang Hsien-Chi , Shi Yu-Juan , Vo Thuy-Lan-Thi , Hsu Tai-Hao , Song Tuzz-Ying 
Published: July 2024

The pharmacological effects of the fruiting body of Ophiocordyceps sinensis (O. sinensis) such as antioxidant, anti-virus, and immunomodulatory activities have already been described, whereas the anti-inflammatory effects and active components of the submerged culture of O. sinesis (SCOS) still need to be further verified. This study aimed to investigate the active compounds in the fermented liquid (FLOS), hot water (WEOS), and 50–95% (EEOS-50, EEOS-95) ethanol extracts of SCOS and their anti-inflammatory effects and potential mechanisms in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated microglial BV2 cells. The results demonstrated that all of the SCOS extracts could inhibit NO production in BV2 cells. EEOS-95 exhibited the strongest inhibitory effects (71% inhibitory ability at 500 µg/mL), and its ergosterol, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), total phenolic, and total flavonoid contents were significantly higher than those of the other extracts (18.60, 18.60, 2.28, and 2.14 mg/g, p < 0.05, respectively). EEOS-95 also has a strong inhibitory ability against IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α with an IC50 of 617, 277, and 507 µg/mL, respectively, which is higher than that of 1 mM melatonin. The anti-inflammatory mechanism of EEOS-95 seems to be associated with the up-regulation of PPAR-γ/Nrf-2/HO-1 antioxidant-related expression and the down-regulation of NF-κB/COX-2/iNOS pro-inflammatory expression signaling. In summary, we demonstrated that EEOS-95 exhibits neuroinflammation-mediated neurodegenerative disorder activities in LPS-induced inflammation in brain microglial cells.
Impact of Veterinary Feed Directive Rules Changes on the Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance Bacteria Isolated from Cecal Samples of Food-Producing Animals at US Slaughterhouses
Authors: Sarkar Shamim , Okafor Chika C. 
Published: July 2024

This study examined the impact of the 2017 Veterinary Feed Directive (VFD) rule changes on the prevalence of tetracycline-resistant and erythromycin-resistant bacteria (Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp., and Escherichia coli) in cecal samples of food animals (cattle, swine, chicken, and turkey) at US slaughterhouses. Multivariable logistic regression was used to analyze 2013–2019 cecal samples of food-producing animals surveillance data from the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) in the U.S. The variables included year (used to evaluate VFD rule changes), host, and quarter of year. The analysis of surveillance data showed that the VFD rule changes have varying effects on tetracycline-resistant and erythromycin-resistant bacteria in food animals. For example, the odds of detecting tetracycline-resistant Salmonella spp. decreased in cattle but increased in chickens following the implementation of the VFD rule changes. Similarly, the odds of detecting tetracycline-resistant Escherichia coli decreased in chickens but increased in swine after the VFD rule changes. The odds of detecting erythromycin-resistant Campylobacter spp. increased in cattle but decreased in chickens after the VFD rule changes. In conclusion, the implementation of VFD rule changes has been beneficial in reducing the odds of detecting tetracycline-resistant Escherichia coli and erythromycin-resistant Campylobacter spp. in chickens, as well as tetracycline-resistant Salmonella spp. in cattle at US slaughterhouses.
Investigating the Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) Diversity in Rat Reservoirs from Northern Italy
Authors: De Sabato Luca , Monini Marina , Galuppi Roberta , Dini Filippo Maria , Ianiro Giovanni , Vaccari Gabriele , Ostanello Fabio , Di Bartolo Ilaria 
Published: July 2024

Hepatitis E virus belonging to the Rocahepevirus ratti species, genotype HEV-C1, has been extensively reported in rats in Europe, Asia and North America. Recently, human cases of hepatitis associated with HEV-C1 infection have been reported, but the zoonotic nature of rat-HEV remains controversial. The transmission route of rat-HEV is unidentified and requires further investigation. The HEV strains of the Paslahepevirus balayani species, belonging to the same Hepeviridae family, and including the zoonotic genotype HEV-3 usually found in pigs, have also sporadically been identified in rats. We sampled 115 rats (liver, lung, feces) between 2020 and 2023 in Northeast Italy and the HEV detection was carried out by using Reverse Transcription PCR. HEV RNA was detected in 3/115 (2.6%) rats who tested positive for HEV-C1 strains in paired lung, intestinal contents and liver samples. Overall, none tested positive for the Paslahepevirus balayani strains. In conclusion, our results confirm the presence of HEV-rat in Italy with a prevalence similar to previous studies but show that there is a wide heterogeneity of strains in circulation. The detection of HEV-C1 genotype of Rocahepevirus ratti species in some human cases of acute hepatitis suggests that HEV-C1 may be an underestimated source of human infections. This finding, with the geographically widespread detection of HEV-C1 in rats, raises questions about the role of rats as hosts for both HEV-C1 and HEV-3 and the possibility of zoonotic transmission.
Predictors of treatment outcomes for patients with persistent physical symptoms in primary care: findings from a cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: Abrahamsen Cathrine , Wangen Knut Reidar , Lindbaek Morten , Werner Erik Lønnmark 
Published: July 2024

Background
Persistent physical symptoms (PPS) are consistently prevalent among primary care patients. PPS can negatively affect quality of life, healthcare costs, and work participation. In a previous study, we found substantially improved outcomes and reduced sick leave for patients treated by a work-focused communication tool, known as the Individual Challenge Inventory Tool (ICIT), compared with a control group.

Aim
To examine predictors of treatment outcome in patients who received treatment by ICIT, delivered by the patient’s GP.

Design & setting
This study is based on the findings of our previous cluster randomised controlled trial undertaken in Norway.

Method
Regression analyses of the intervention group were used to identify predictors (all measured at baseline) of improvements in Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC) and sick leave after 11 weeks follow-up.

Results

Living alone predicted improvement in the adjusted model (odds ratio [OR] 4.03, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.33 to 12.25,
P
= 0.014). Receiving long-term benefits predicted improved PGIC in both the unadjusted (OR 2.30, 95% CI = 1.21 to 4.39,
P
= 0.011) and adjusted models (OR 2.46, 95% CI = 1.04 to 5.83,
P
= 0.040). In addition, living alone predicted reduced sick leave in the adjusted model (OR 3.23, 95%CI = 1.11 to 9.42,
P
= 0.032).

Conclusion
In general, there were few factors to predict the outcome of the work-focused communication tool. We therefore suggest that this work-focused communication tool is applicable to most patients with PPS. GPs may consider using the ICIT for all primary care patients who exhibit ineffective coping strategies in their daily lives and work, especially those who live alone.
MODEL LOYALITAS PELANGGAN MELALUI KUALITAS PELAYANAN DAN CITRA MEREK DENGAN KEPUASAN PELANGGAN SEBAGAI VARIABEL INTERVENING
Authors: Herawati Heny , Azara Ekta 
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Model Loyalitas Pelanggan melalui Kualitas Pelayanan dan Citra Merek dengan Kepuasan Pelanggan sebagai variabel intervening (Studi kasus pada pelangaan JNE Express Jakarta ). Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan menggunakan rumus slovin sebanyak 100 responden pelanggan JNE Express Jakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik non probability sampling dengan pendekatan purposive sampling. Pengujian pada penelitian ini menggunakan uji validitas dan uji reliabilitas. Analisis data menggunakan Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) dengan menggunakan Partial Least Square (PLS) sebagai alat analisis data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kualitas pelayanan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap loyalitas pelanggan, citra merek tidak berpengaruh terhadap loyalitas pelanggan, kepuasan pelanggan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan pelanggan, kualitas pelayanan dan citra merek berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan pelanggan sedangkan variabel kepuasan pelanggan memediasi pengaruh kualitas pelayanan terhadap loyalitas pelanggan dengan mediasi sebagian (partial mediation) dan kepuasan pelanggan memediasi pengaruh citra merek terhadap loyalitas pelanggan dengan mediasi penuh (full medition).
ANALISIS PENGARUH KEPUASAN KONSUMEN PADA PEMBAYARAN MENGGUNAKAN E-WALLET DI BANJARMASIN
Authors: Triyanto Irfan Rusydi , Hambali Ahmad 
Published: July 2024

Perkembangan teknologi dan informasi telah memberi dampak ke berbagai bidang, tak terkecuali di bidang sistem pembayaran, khususnya sistem pembayaran ritel dengan munculnya instrumen pembayaran yang dikenal sebagai electronic wallet (e-wallet). Penggunaan e-wallet sebagai alternatif alat pembayaran non-tunai di beberapa negara menunjukkan adanya potensi yang cukup besar sebagai alternatif penggunaan uang tunai. Untuk mengetahui tingkat kepuasan konsumen saat melakukan pembayaran menggunakan e-wallet seluruh mahasiswa di banjarmasin. Metode yang digunakan menggunakan analisis regresi berganda. Teknik sampling yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan convenience sampling dan diperoleh 50 sampel data. Hasil dari uji regresi linier berganda menunjukkan variabel persepsi kemudahan dan keamanan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap penggunaan e- wallet, sedangkan fitur layanan tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap penggunaan e-wallet. Temuan dari hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan kemudahan dan kepraktisan serta keamanan dalam aplikasi e-wallet mendorong penggunanya dalam menggunakan e-wallet.
Mechanism Update Products
Authors: Богинский А.И. , Чурсин А.А. 
Published: July 2024

В статье широко рассмотрен вопрос производства и обновления изделий для достижения устойчивого (опережающего) развития. Исследован вопрос управления проектами опережающего развития, затронута экономическая сущность процесса обновления выпускаемой продукции. Приведен перечень технико-экономических условий, указывающих на необходимость своевременного обновления выпускаемого изделия или его замены новым видом продукции. Рассмотрены важность процесса планирования при обновлении выпускаемых изделий, а также условия и сроки их окупаемости. Широко рассмотрен вопрос структурного анализа, выявляющего тенденции развития продукции и его методы, а также анализа больших данных.
The article widely discusses the issue of production and updating of products to achieve research (advanced) development. The question of managing the project of advanced development is investigated, the economic essence of the process of updating the output is touched upon. A list of technical and economic conditions indicating the need for timely updating of products or its replacement with a new type of product. Planning the process of updating the manufactured products. The issue of structural analysis, identifying product development trends, and its methods, as well as big data analysis, are widely considered.
Single-industry Towns: Global Experience and Development Prospects in Russian Federation
Authors: Арсланбаева Р.В. 
Published: July 2024

В статье приведена систематизация опыта в области управления развитием моногородов, выявлены основные историко-генетические и цивилизационные особенности формирования монофункциональных городских систем в разных странах мира. Проведен анализ мирового опыта в решении вопросов моногородской экономики.
The article presents the systematization of experience in the management of the development of single-industry towns identifies the main historical-genetic and civilizational features of the formation of monofunctional urban systems in different countries of the world. The analysis of world experience in solving problems of one-city economy.
Primordial Black Hole Dark Matter Simulations Using PopSyCLE
Authors: Pruett Kerianne , Dawson William , Medford Michael S. , Lu Jessica R. , Lam Casey , Perkins Scott , McGill Peter , Golovich Nathan , Chapline George 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Primordial black holes (PBHs), theorized to have originated in the early Universe, are speculated to be a viable form of dark matter. If they exist, they should be detectable through photometric and astrometric signals resulting from gravitational microlensing of stars in the Milky Way. Population Synthesis for Compact-object Lensing Events, or PopSyCLE, is a simulation code that enables users to simulate microlensing surveys, and is the first of its kind to include both photometric and astrometric microlensing effects, which are important for potential PBH detection and characterization. To estimate the number of observable PBH microlensing events, we modify PopSyCLE to include a dark matter halo consisting of PBHs. We detail our PBH population model, and demonstrate our PopSyCLE + PBH results through simulations of the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment-IV (OGLE-IV) and Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope (Roman) microlensing surveys. We provide a proof-of-concept analysis for adding PBHs into PopSyCLE, and thus include many simplifying assumptions, such as f
DM, the fraction of dark matter composed of PBHs, and

m

¯

PBH

, mean PBH mass. Assuming

m

¯

PBH

=
30

M
⊙, we find ∼3.6f
DM times as many PBH microlensing events than stellar evolved black hole events, a PBH average peak Einstein crossing time of ∼91.5 days, estimate on order of 102
f
DM PBH events within the 8 yr OGLE-IV results, and estimate Roman to detect ∼1000f
DM PBH microlensing events throughout its planned microlensing survey.
Klein–Nishina Corrections to the Spectra and Light Curves of Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglows
Authors: McCarthy George A. , Laskar Tanmoy 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Multiwavelength modeling of the synchrotron radiation from relativistic transients such as gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglows is a powerful means of exploring the physics of relativistic shocks and of deriving properties of the explosion, such as the kinetic energy of the associated relativistic outflows. Capturing the location and evolution of the synchrotron cooling break is critical to break parameter degeneracies associated with such modeling. However, the shape of the spectrum above the cooling break, as well as the location and evolution of the break itself can be significantly altered by synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) cooling. We present an observer’s guide to applying SSC cooling with and without Klein–Nishina (KN) corrections to GRB afterglow modeling. We provide a publicly available Python code to calculate the Compton Y-parameter as a function of electron Lorentz factor, from which we compute changes to the electron distribution, along with KN-corrected afterglow spectra and light curves. In this framework, the canonical synchrotron spectral shapes split into multiple subregimes. We summarize each new spectral shape and describe its observational significance. We discuss how KN corrections can account for harder spectra and shallower decline rates observed in some GRB X-ray afterglows. Our overall aim is to provide an easy application of SSC+KN corrections into analytical multiwavelength modeling frameworks for relativistic transients.
New Observational Recipes for Measuring Dynamical States of Galaxy Clusters
Authors: Kim Hyowon , Smith Rory , Ko Jongwan , Shinn Jong-Ho , Chun Kyungwon , Shin Jihye , Yoo Jaewon 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
During cluster assembly, a cluster’s virialization process leaves behind signatures that can provide information on its dynamical state. However, no clear consensus yet exists on the best way to achieve this. Therefore, we attempt to derive improved recipes for classifying the dynamical states of clusters in observations using cosmological simulations. The cluster halo mass and their subhalos’ mass are used to 1014
M
⊙
h
−1 and 1010
M
⊙
h
−1 to calculate five independent dynamical state indicators. We experiment with recipes by combining two to four indicators for detecting specific merger stages, like recent and ancient mergers. These recipes are made by plotting merging clusters and a control sample of relaxed clusters in multiple-indicator parameter space, then applying a rotation matrix method to derive the best way to separate mergers from the control sample. The success of the recipe is quantified using the success rate and overlap percentage of the merger and control histograms along the newly rotated x-axis. This provides us with recipes using different numbers of combined indicators and for different merger stages. Among the recipes, the stellar mass gap and center offset are the first and second most dominant of the indicators, and using more indicators improves the effectiveness of the recipe. When applied to observations, our results show good agreement with literature values of cluster dynamical states.
Spectroscopic Survey of Faint Planetary-nebula Nuclei. V. The EGB 6-type Central Star of Abell 57*
Authors: Bond Howard E. , Chaturvedi Akshat S. , Ciardullo Robin , Werner Klaus , Zeimann Gregory R. , Siegel Michael H. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
During our spectroscopic survey of central stars of faint planetary nebulae (PNe), we found that the nucleus of Abell 57 exhibits strong nebular emission lines. Using synthetic narrowband images, we show that the emission arises from an unresolved compact emission knot (CEK) coinciding with the hot (90,000 K) central star. Thus Abell 57 belongs to the rare class of “EGB 6-type” PNe, characterized by dense emission cores. Photometric data show that the nucleus exhibits a near-infrared excess, due to a dusty companion body with the luminosity of an M0 dwarf but a temperature of ∼1800 K. Emission-line analysis reveals that the CEK is remarkably dense (electron density ∼ 1.6 × 107 cm−3), and has a radius of only ∼4.5 au. The CEK suffers considerably more reddening than the central star, which itself is more reddened than the surrounding PN. These puzzles may suggest an interaction between the knot and central star; however, Hubble Space Telescope imaging of EGB 6 itself shows that its CEK lies more than ∼125 au from the PN nucleus. We discuss a scenario in which a portion of the asymptotic giant branch wind that created the PN was captured into a dust cloud around a distant stellar companion; this cloud has survived to the present epoch, and has an atmosphere photoionized by radiation from the hot central star. However, in this picture EGB 6-type nuclei should be relatively common, yet they are actually extremely rare; thus they may arise from a different transitory phenomenon. We suggest future observations of Abell 57 that may help unravel its mysteries.
The Temporal Evolution of Nonneutralized Electric Currents and the Complexity of Solar Active Regions
Authors: Kontogiannis Ioannis , Georgoulis Manolis K. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We study the evolution of electric currents during the emergence of magnetic flux in the solar photosphere and the differences exhibited between solar active regions of different Hale complexity classes. A sample of 59 active regions was analyzed using a method based on image segmentation and error analysis to determine the total amount of nonneutralized electric current along their magnetic polarity inversion lines. The time series of the total unsigned nonneutralized electric current, I
NN,tot, exhibit intricate structure in the form of distinct peaks and valleys. This information is largely missing in the respective time series of the total unsigned vertical electric current I

z
. Active regions with δ-spots stand out, exhibiting a 1.9 times higher flux emergence rate and 2.6 times higher I
NN,tot increase. The median value of their peak I
NN,tot is equal to 3.6 × 1012 A, which is more than three times higher than that of the other regions of the sample. An automated detection algorithm was also developed to pinpoint the injection events of nonneutralized electric current. The injection rates and duration of these events were higher with increasing complexity of active regions, with regions containing δ-spots exhibiting the strongest and longest events. These events do not necessarily coincide with increasing magnetic flux, although they exhibit moderate correlation. We conclude that net electric currents are injected during flux emergence but are also shaped drastically by the incurred photospheric evolution as active regions grow and evolve.
oMEGACat. III. Multiband Photometry and Metallicities Reveal Spatially Well-mixed Populations within ω Centauri’s Half-light Radius
Authors: Nitschai M. S. , Neumayer N. , Häberle M. , Clontz C. , Seth A. C. , Milone A. P. , Alfaro-Cuello M. , Bellini A. , Dreizler S. , Feldmeier-Krause A. , Husser T.-O. , Kacharov N. , Kamann S. , Latour M. , Libralato M. , van de Ven G. , Voggel K. , Wang Z. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

ω Centauri, the most massive globular cluster in the Milky Way, has long been suspected to be the stripped nucleus of a dwarf galaxy that fell into the Galaxy a long time ago. There is considerable evidence for this scenario including a large spread in metallicity and an unusually large number of distinct subpopulations seen in photometric studies. In this work, we use new Multi-Unit Spectroscopic Explorer spectroscopic and Hubble Space Telescope photometric catalogs to investigate the underlying metallicity distributions as well as the spatial variations of the populations within the cluster up to its half-light radius. Based on 11,050 member stars, the [M/H] distribution has a median of (−1.614 ± 0.003) dex and a large spread of ∼1.37 dex, reaching from −0.67 to −2.04 dex for 99.7% of the stars. In addition, we show the chromosome map of the cluster, which separates the red giant branch stars into different subpopulations, and analyze the subpopulations of the most metal-poor component. Finally, we do not find any metallicity gradient within the half-light radius, and the different subpopulations are well mixed.
The Santa Barbara Binary−disk Code Comparison
Authors: Duffell Paul C. , Dittmann Alexander J. , D’Orazio Daniel J. , Franchini Alessia , Kratter Kaitlin M. , Penzlin Anna B. T. , Ragusa Enrico , Siwek Magdalena , Tiede Christopher , Wang Haiyang , Zrake Jonathan , Dempsey Adam M. , Haiman Zoltan , Lupi Alessandro , Pirog Michal , Ryan Geoffrey 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We have performed numerical calculations of a binary interacting with a gas disk, using 11 different numerical methods and a standard binary−disk setup. The goal of this study is to determine whether all codes agree on a numerically converged solution and to determine the necessary resolution for convergence and the number of binary orbits that must be computed to reach an agreed-upon relaxed state of the binary−disk system. We find that all codes can agree on a converged solution (depending on the diagnostic being measured). The zone spacing required for most codes to reach a converged measurement of the torques applied to the binary by the disk is roughly 1% of the binary separation in the vicinity of the binary components. For our disk model to reach a relaxed state, codes must be run for at least 200 binary orbits, corresponding to about a viscous time for our parameters, 0.2(a
2Ω
B
/ν) binary orbits, where ν is the kinematic viscosity. The largest discrepancies between codes resulted from the dimensionality of the setup (3D vs. 2D disks). We find good agreement in the total torque on the binary between codes, although the partition of this torque between the gravitational torque, orbital accretion torque, and spin accretion torque depends sensitively on the sink prescriptions employed. In agreement with previous studies, we find a modest difference in torques and accretion variability between 2D and 3D disk models. We find cavity precession rates to be appreciably faster in 3D than in 2D.