bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Warning Signs” of Primary Immunodeficiency among Patients with Periprosthetic Joint Infection
Authors: Diaz-Ledezma Claudio , Baker Jennifer , Parvizi Javad 
Published: September 2014

Purpose The use of ten clinical “warning signs” has been suggested as a screening tool to identify patients that may have primary immunodeficiency (PID) conditions in adulthood. This study aimed to evaluate the presence of these “warning signs” among a cohort of patients with periprosthetic joint infections (PJI), in order to detect those cases that may have had a PID contributing to development of infection. Methods A descriptive study using our institutional PJI database was conducted. 185 patients with more than 15 medical consultations in our healthcare network before the diagnosis of PJI were considered eligible for the study. The presence of the “warning signs” was retrospectively evaluated using medical records. Results Twenty-seven patients (14.5%) presented with one or more “warning signs” of PID; however, 24 of the individuals had another immunocompromising condition and were thought to suffer secondary immunodeficiency. Among the remaining 3 patients, PID was confirmed in 1 individual who was found to have hypogammaglobulinemia. Conclusions It appears that some patients who develop PJI could suffer from a primary immunodeficiency status that may be detected using “warning signs” questionnaire. The administration of these questions to patients with multiple infections may lead to identification of a primary immunodeficiency status which may in turn influence the outcome of elective arthroplasty or PJI, when develops.
Kinetic simulations of electric field structure within magnetic island during magnetic reconnection and their applications to the satellite observations
Authors: Huang S. Y. , Zhou M. , Yuan Z. G. , Deng X. H. , Sahraoui F. , Pang Y. , Fu S. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractMagnetic islands are considered to play a crucial role in collisionless magnetic reconnection. We use particle‐in‐cell simulations to investigate electric field Ez structure in the magnetic islands (including primary and secondary islands) with and without a guide field during magnetic reconnection. It is found that the electric field has multilayers in the primary island and a large bipolar structure in the secondary island in the absence of guide field. The electric field is provided by the Hall term (J × B)z (mainly), the divergence of electron pressure tensor, and the convective term (Vi × B)z in the outer and the inner region of primary island, while the electric field is much smaller (~0) in the middle and the core region of primary island due to the cancelation of the three terms. The single bipolar electric field is primarily provided by the Hall term in the secondary island. In the presence of a guide field, the electric field has multiple layers in the primary island (similar to zero guide field case) and the secondary island. However, there still exists one single large sharp bipolar structure of electric field in the central region of the secondary island. The differences of electric field in the primary and secondary islands are essentially due to the variations of the current Jy. These features can be used as the observational criteria to identify different types of magnetic islands in the magnetosphere using the data of future mission, such as the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission.
Antiarrhythmic Potential of Anticytokine Therapy in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Tocilizumab Reduces Corrected QT Interval by Controlling Systemic Inflammation
Authors: Lazzerini Pietro Enea , Acampa Maurizio , Capecchi Pier Leopoldo , Fineschi Irene , Selvi Enrico , Moscadelli Valentina , Zimbone Stefania , Gentile Daniela , Galeazzi Mauro , Laghi‐Pasini Franco 
Published: September 2014

ObjectivePatients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are twice as likely to experience sudden cardiac death compared with individuals without RA. Although the underlying mechanisms of this have not been clarified, evidence points to the effects of systemic inflammation on ventricular repolarization. Accordingly, prolongation of the corrected QT (QTc) interval is more frequent in patients with RA compared with individuals without RA also correlating with C‐reactive protein (CRP) and predicting all‐cause mortality. Tocilizumab (TCZ) is an anti–interleukin‐6 receptor antibody that potently inhibits inflammatory activation in RA, with rapid normalization of acute‐phase reactant levels, including the CRP level. Therefore, we hypothesized that TCZ may normalize the QTc interval by dampening systemic inflammation, thus reducing the risk of arrhythmia in patients with RA.MethodsSeventeen consecutive patients with active RA who were scheduled to receive TCZ once every 4 weeks underwent a clinical examination, electrocardiography, and blood sampling just before the first injection with TCZ and again after 3 months and 6 months of treatment.ResultsAt baseline, 76% of patients displayed prolongation of the QTc interval (mean ± SD 452.3 ± 35.8 msec). TCZ treatment was associated with a rapid and significant reduction of the QTc interval to mean values <440 msec (up to 428.1 ± 34.3 msec). Throughout the study, QTc interval shortening correlated with decreases in both the CRP level, and more strongly, with circulating tumor necrosis factor α level.ConclusionThese data provide further evidence of the close link between the degree of systemic inflammation and QTc interval duration in RA and also suggest an anti‐arrhythmic potential for TCZ treatment, which may have a beneficial impact on the mortality of these patients.
Validation of the Rheumatic Disease Comorbidity Index
Authors: England Bryant R. , Sayles Harlan , Mikuls Ted R. , Johnson Dannette S. , Michaud Kaleb 
Published: September 2014

ObjectiveThere is no consensus on which comorbidity index is optimal for rheumatic health outcomes research. We compared a new Rheumatic Disease Comorbidity Index (RDCI) with the Charlson‐Deyo Index (CDI), Functional Comorbidity Index (FCI), Elixhauser Total Score (ETS), Elixhauser Point System (EPS), and a simple comorbidity count (COUNT) using a US cohort of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients.MethodsUsing administrative diagnostic codes and patient self‐reporting, we tested predictive values of the RDCI, CDI, FCI, ETS, EPS, and COUNT for 2 outcomes: all‐cause mortality and physical functioning. Indices were compared using 3 models: bare (consisting of age, sex, and race), administrative (bare plus visit frequency, body mass index, and treatments), and clinic (administrative plus erythrocyte sedimentation rate, nodules, rheumatoid factor positivity, and patient activity scale).ResultsThe ETS and RDCI best predicted death, with FCI performing the worst. The FCI best predicted function, with ETS and RDCI performing nearly as well. CDI predicted function poorly. The order of indices remained relatively unchanged in the different models, though the magnitude of improvement in Akaike's information criterion decreased in the administrative and clinic models.ConclusionThe RDCI and ETS are excellent indices as a means of accounting for comorbid illness when the RA‐related outcomes of death and physical functioning are studied using administrative data. The RDCI is a versatile index and appears to perform well with self‐report data as well as administrative data. Further studies are warranted to compare these indices using other outcomes in diverse study populations.
filtering for switched discrete‐time systems under asynchronous switching: A dwell‐time dependent Lyapunov functional method
Authors: Xiang Weiming , Xiao Jian , Mahmoud Magdi S. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryIn this article, the
filtering problem for switched discrete‐time linear systems under asynchronous switching is addressed in the framework of dwell time, where ‘asynchronous switching’ covers more general and practical cases, for example, the switching lags caused by mode identification process are taken into consideration. Firstly, a novel dwell‐time dependent Lyapunov function (DTDLF) is introduced to solve stability and ℓ2 gain analysis problems. The main advantage of DTDLF approach is that the derived conditions are all convex in system matrices, so it is convenient to be applied into filter design with
performance instead of weighted
performance as many other previous results. Thus, on the basis of DTLDF, a dwell‐time dependent filter with time‐varying structure is proposed to achieve the desirable non‐weighted
filtering performance. It is notable that the proposed approach can also easily characterize the relationships among
filtering performance, dwell time, and asynchronous time. Two examples are provided to validate the theoretical findings in this paper. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Palladium(II) Chloride‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Intermolecular Cycloaddition Reaction of 2‐Alkynylbenz‐ aldehydes and Electron‐Deficient Terminal Alkenes: An Efficient Synthesis of Naphthyl Ketones
Authors: Janreddy Donala , Kavala Veerababurao , Kotipalli Trimurtulu , Kuo Chun‐Wei , Kuo Ting‐Shen , Chen Mei‐Ling , He Chiu‐Hui , Yao Ching‐Fa 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWe describe a simple and efficient synthetic methodology for the synthesis of a library of 2,4‐dicarbonyl‐substituted naphthalene derivatives through the PdCl2‐catalyzed aerobic oxidative intermolecular cycloaddition of 2‐alkynylbenzaldehydes to some electron‐deficient terminal alkenes. A wide variety of functionalized 2‐alkynylbenzaldehydes and electron‐deficient alkenes were examined for this reaction to deliver the corresponding naphthyldicarbonyl compounds in moderate to good yields.magnified image
Application of Langlois’ Reagent in Trifluoromethylation Reactions
Authors: Zhang Cai 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe incorporation of a trifluoromethyl (CF3) group into organic compounds is of great importance in pharmaceutical, agricultural, and materials science. Trifluoromethylation based on radical intermediates, as a valuable alternative transformation using the inexpensive and stable solid sodium trifluoromethanesulfinate (CF3SO2Na; Langlois’ reagent), has attracted much attention and has become a hot research field. This review examines recent advances in radical trifluoromethylation reactions with CF3SO2Na as CF3 source.magnified image
Copper‐Catalyzed Selective Synthesis of Isoindolin‐1‐ones and Isoquinolin‐1‐ones from the Three‐Component Coupling of 2‐Halobenzoic Acid, Alkynylcarboxylic Acid and Ammonium Acetate
Authors: Irudayanathan Francis Mariaraj , Noh Jieun , Choi Jinseop , Lee Sunwoo 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIsoindolin‐1‐ones and isoquinolin‐1‐ones were selectively synthesized from the reaction of 2‐halobenzoic acid, arylalkynylcarboxylic acid and ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) in the presence of cesium carbonate (Cs2CO3) and a copper catalyst. Conducting the reaction under one‐pot conditions provided isoindolin‐1‐ones in good yields. Changing the addition sequence of ammonium acetate after all reagents had reacted at 120 °C for 6 h selectively produced isoquinolin‐1‐ones. A variety of arylalkynylcarboxylic acids produced the corresponding isoindolin‐1‐ones and isoquinolin‐1‐ones in good yields.magnified image
Exploiting the Nucleophilicity of NH Imines: Synthesis of Enamides from Alkyl Azides and Acid Anhydrides
Authors: Han Junghoon , Jeon Mina , Pak Han Kyu , Rhee Young Ho , Park Jaiwook 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe nucleophilicity of N‐unsubstituted imines, which were generated from alkyl azides by a ruthenium‐catalyzed reaction, was investigated in the reaction with acid anhydrides. The initial products were N‐acylimines, which isomerized to the corresponding enamides. Heating or triethylamine facilitated the isomerization of N‐acylimines that are stable at room temperature. A wide range of acyclic and cyclic enamides containing various functional groups was successfully synthesized under mild conditions. In addition to acetic anhydride, various acid anhydrides were applicable. From the reaction with cyclic anhydrides, enamides containing carboxylic acid group were obtained.magnified image
Long‐term outcomes in revision powered endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy
Authors: Ali Mohammad Javed , Psaltis Alkis James , Wormald Peter John 
Published: August 2014

BackgroundLong‐term outcomes of revision dacryocystorhinostomy are less known. The aim of this study was to assess the long‐term outcomes of revision powered endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR).MethodsRetrospective review of all consecutive revision powered endoscopic DCRs performed over a period of 10 years from 2003 to 2012 were included. All patients completed a minimum of 12 months follow‐up following stent removal. Patient records were reviewed for demographic data, type of past surgery, causes of failure, clinical and surgical profiles, adjunctive procedures, complications, and success rates at last follow‐up.ResultsTwenty‐three revision powered endoscopic DCRs were performed on 18 patients who had failed primary DCR. The mean age at surgery was 61 years (range, 28–84 years). All patients presented with epiphora. Nearly 67% (66.7%; 12/18) were failed endoscopic DCRs and 33.3% (6/18) were failed external DCRs. The most common cause of failure was from cicatricial closure of ostium in 55.5% (10/18) of the cases. Over 44% (44.4%; 8/18) of patients underwent adjunctive endonasal procedures at the time of revision endoscopic DCR. The mean follow‐up was 26.4 months (range, 12–66 months). A complication of ostium granuloma in 1 patient was noted, which was successfully managed. At the last follow‐up, anatomical success was achieved in 91.3% of the cases and functional success in 86.9%.ConclusionPowered endoscopic DCR is a suitable option for revising failed DCRs and offers good long‐term results. Meticulous evaluation to identify causative factors of failure and addressing them is crucial for successful outcomes.
Die vielen Gesichter von Ruß: Charakterisierung verbrennungsmotorischer Ruß‐Nanopartikel
Authors: Niessner Reinhard 
Published: September 2014

AbstractRuß‐Nanopartikel (NP) aus verbrennungsmotorischen Prozessen stellen eine Bedrohung für die menschliche Gesundheit dar. Für den analytischen Chemiker ist Ruß eine harte Nuss, denn die emittierten Ruß‐Partikel unterliegen raschen Veränderungen bezüglich ihrer Größe, Form und Anzahlkonzentration. Um die immer strenger werdenden Emissionsgrenzwerte einhalten zu können, ist eine umfassende Charakterisierung des emittierten Rußes notwendig. Neben der Messung der Lichtextinktion verwendet man zu diesem Zweck auch eine Reihe weniger bekannter Effekte wie das Kondensationsverhalten von flüchtigen Substanzen auf der Partikeloberfläche, Immunantworten von Wirbeltieren auf Exposition gegenüber diesen Partikeln oder den Einfluss der Nanopartikel auf die kardiovaskuläre Funktion eines schlagenden Herzens. Des Weiteren lassen die Lichtemission und insbesondere die Raman‐Spektroskopie Rückschlüsse über die Nanokristallinität der Ruß‐Partikel zu. Die Emission von thermischen Elektronen ermöglicht außerdem die elektrische Partikelzählung im Aerosol. Sogar die Verbrennung der Ruß‐NP birgt Potential für die Charakterisierung dieser Partikel.
PEG 400/Paraffin oil non‐aqueous emulsions stabilized by PBut‐Block‐P2VP block copolymers
Authors: Atanase Leonard Ionut , Riess Gérard 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTFor the preparation of PEG 400 in paraffin oil non‐aqueous biocompatible emulsions, the stabilization efficiency was compared for two well‐defined poly(butadiene)‐block‐poly(2‐vinylpyridine) (PBut‐block‐P2VP) block copolymers, with similar molecular weights but different compositions. The PBut128‐block‐P2VP50 and PBut189‐block‐P2VP37 samples, designated as copolymer A and B, respectively, are self‐organized in paraffin oil as micelles with a P2VP core and a PBut corona. The PEG 400/paraffin oil emulsion characteristics were determined as a function of the copolymers concentrations and phase ratios. Higher static and shear stabilities were obtained for emulsions stabilized by copolymer B than for those obtained in the presence of copolymer A. A further difference concerns the droplet size, relative viscosity, and loss modulus values obtained at a given dispersed phase volume fraction. At constant copolymer concentrations, it appeared that copolymer B, with a longer PBut sequence, is a more efficient emulsifier and stabilizer than copolymer A. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41390.
Radical/Addition polymerization silicone hydrogels with simultaneous interpenetrating hydrophilic/hydrophobic networks
Authors: Xu Jinku , Yang Pengfei , Zhang Leilei , Huo Guanghua 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTTransparent silicone hydrogels with interpenetrating hydrophilic/hydrophobic networks were simultaneously synthesized on the basis of the radical polymerization of the methacrylic monomer of 3‐methacryloxypropyl tris(trimethylsiloxy) silane (TRIS)/N,N‐dimethylacrylamide (DMA) and the addition polymerization of hydroxyl‐grafted polysiloxane (HPSO)/isophorone diisocyanate. The curing temperature was set at 80°C by a differential scanning calorimetry study. The polymerization process was studied by in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results indicate that the curing time was about 4.5 min, and the addition polymerization had a faster rate than radical polymerization. Then, the radical polymerization rate increased rapidly, and this led to instant curing. The interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) silicone hydrogels were characterized by swelling kinetics and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. The results show that all of the hydrogels reached swelling equilibrium at about 4 h in water, and the IPN silicone hydrogels with a hydrophobic network of HPSO indicated a slower water transport than that of the copolymerization hydrogel of DMA and TRIS. The hydrophobic network was finely dispersed in the hydrophilic network, and the increasing hydrophobic network of HPSO decreased the glass‐transition temperature of the IPN silicone hydrogels. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41399.
Association Between Antinuclear Antibodies and the HLA Class II Locus and Heterogeneous Characteristics of Staining Patterns: The Nagahama Study
Authors: Terao Chikashi , Ohmura Koichiro , Yamada Ryo , Kawaguchi Takahisa , Shimizu Masakazu , Tabara Yasuharu , Takahashi Meiko , Setoh Kazuya , Nakayama Takeo , Kosugi Shinji , Sekine Akihiro , Matsuda Fumihiko , Mimori Tsuneyo ,   on behalf of the Nagahama Study Group
Published: September 2014

ObjectiveWhile antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) are observed in healthy populations as well as in patients with autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), the detailed genetic background of ANAs has remained unclear. We undertook this study to identify the genetic determinants of ANAs in the general population in order to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of ANA production and to distinguish disease susceptibility genes from ANA production genes.MethodsA total of 9,575 Japanese volunteers were registered, and their ANA levels were quantified using indirect immunofluorescence to analyze correlates of ANA positivity. Genetic studies were performed using 7,148 of the 9,575 subjects. We performed a genome‐wide association study using 3,185 subjects genotyped for 303,506 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), followed by a replication study of 3,963 subjects. HLA–DRB1 and HLA–DQB1 alleles were imputed, and associations between ANA positivity and the SNPs or the HLA alleles associated with SLE were analyzed.ResultsFemale sex and old age were associated with ANA positivity, except for the nucleolar pattern. The T allele of rs2395185 in the HLA locus, which was in moderate linkage disequilibrium with HLA–DRB1*0405, was significantly associated with ANA positivity (P = 1.3 × 10−11). The T allele of rs2395185 displayed increasing effects on the frequency of speckled and homogeneous patterns (P = 7.5 × 10−12 and P = 2.2 × 10−11, respectively) but decreasing effects on the frequency of the nucleolar pattern (P = 0.0045). The 7 SNPs and 4 HLA–DRB1 alleles associated with SLE did not display strong associations with ANA positivity.ConclusionSNP rs2395185 linked with HLA–DRB1*0405 is a genetic determinant of ANA production in the Japanese population. Overlapping of loci for susceptibility to SLE and to ANA positivity was limited. The nucleolar pattern showed different associations from other staining patterns, both with correlates of ANA positivity and with the HLA locus.
A Self‐regulation Perspective on Hidden‐profile Problems: If–Then Planning to Review Information Improves Group Decisions
Authors: Thürmer J. Lukas , Wieber Frank , Gollwitzer Peter M. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIn hidden‐profile (HP) problems, groups squander their potential to make superior decisions because members fail to capitalize on each other's unique knowledge (unshared information). A new self‐regulation perspective suggests that hindrances in goal striving (e.g., failing to seize action opportunities) contribute to this problem. Implementation intentions (if–then plans) are known to help deal with hindrances in goal striving; therefore, supporting decision goals with if–then plans should improve the impact of unshared information on group decisions. Indeed, in line with past research, control participants in two experiments rarely identified the best alternative despite monetary incentives and setting decision goals. In contrast, simply adding if–then plans to review advantages of the non‐preferred alternatives before making the final decision significantly increased solution rates. Process manipulations (Experiment 1) and measures (Experiment 2) indicate that conceptualizing HP problems as a self‐regulation challenge provides explanatory power beyond existing accounts. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new open‐source technological system for real‐time assessment in the classroom
Authors: Rodriguez‐Sanchez M. Cristina , Torrado‐Carvajal Ángel , Vaquero Joaquin , Borromeo Susana , Hernandez‐Tamames J. Antonio 
Published: September 2014

AbstractPersonalized feedback tools in learning is a powerful method that expert applies when helping students to optimize their learning. We propose a new educational framework to optimize the continuous evaluation process for large groups. In our system, a computer provides tests to the mobile devices of the students; they then return the answers to be corrected. The framework provides real‐time knowledge about the progress of the class to the teacher and real‐time feedback to the students, increasing the rate of student success. Our low‐cost implementation makes it unnecessary to incorporate additional resources or to modify the infrastructure. We have tested it in several courses and conferences. We conclude with an evaluation and a discussion from different stakeholders perspectives. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 23:412–421, 2015; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21611
Phase‐Transfer Catalysis in Oxidations Based on the Covalent Bonding of Hydrogen Peroxide to Amphiphilic Flavinium Salts
Authors: Zelenka Jan , Hartman Tomáš , Klímová Kateřina , Hampl František , Cibulka Radek 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe amphiphilic flavin derivatives 1,10‐ethylene‐bridged 3‐alkylalloxazinium salts (alkyl=butyl, octyl, dodecyl and hexadecyl) were shown to catalyse the chemoselective oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides with hydrogen peroxide in chloroform/water or dichloromethane/water systems. The efficiency of the catalytic oxidation depended substantially on the pH of the aqueous phase to reach maximum values at pH 7. Under such conditions, the complete conversion of aliphatic and aromatic sulfides occurred within a maximum of 24 h, whereas the non‐catalysed reaction gave only traces of products. This new concept of two‐phase oxidation utilises the activation and the increase in the lipophilicity of hydrogen peroxide by its covalent bonding to the alloxazinium catalyst. A practical application in the synthesis of modafinil was demonstrated.