bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fish oil improves anxiety‐like, depressive‐like and cognitive behaviors in olfactory bulbectomised rats
Authors: Pudell Claudia , Vicente Bianca A. , Delattre Ana M. , Carabelli Bruno , Mori Marco A. , Suchecki Deborah , Machado Ricardo B. , Zanata Sílvio M. , Visentainer Jesuí V. , de Oliveira Santos Oscar , Lima Marcelo M. S. , Ferraz Anete C. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractDepression is increasingly present in the population, and its pathophysiology and treatment have been investigated with several animal models, including olfactory bulbectomy (Obx). Fish oil (FO) supplementation during the prenatal and postnatal periods decreases depression‐like and anxiety‐like behaviors. The present study evaluated the effect of FO supplementation on Obx‐induced depressive‐like behavior and cognitive impairment. Female rats received supplementation with FO during habituation, mating, gestation, and lactation, and their pups were subjected to Obx in adulthood; after the recovery period, the adult offspring were subjected to behavioral tests, and the hippocampal levels of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), serotonin (5‐HT) and the metabolite 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic (5‐HIAA) were determined. Obx led to increased anxiety‐like and depressive‐like behaviors, and impairment in the object location task. All behavioral changes were reversed by FO supplementation. Obx caused reductions in the levels of hippocampal BDNF and 5‐HT, whereas FO supplementation restored these levels to normal values. In control rats, FO increased the hippocampal level of 5‐HT and reduced that of 5‐HIAA, indicating low 5‐HT metabolism in this brain region. The present results indicate that FO supplementation during critical periods of brain development attenuated anxiety‐like and depressive‐like behaviors and cognitive dysfunction induced by Obx. These results may be explained by increased levels of hippocampal BDNF and 5‐HT, two major regulators of neuronal survival and long‐term plasticity in this brain structure.
The transcription factor CCAAT enhancer‐binding protein β protects rat cerebellar granule neurons from apoptosis through its transcription‐activating isoforms
Authors: Peña‐Altamira Emiliano , Polazzi Elisabetta , Moretto Edoardo , Lauriola Mattia , Monti Barbara 
Published: November 2013

AbstractCCAAT enhancer‐binding protein β is a transcription factor that is involved in many brain processes, although its role in neuronal survival/death remains unclear. By using primary cultures of rat cerebellar granule neurons, we have shown here that CCAAT enhancer‐binding protein β is present as all of its isoforms: the transcriptional activators liver activator proteins 1 and 2, and the transcriptional inhibitor liver inhibitory protein. We have also shown that liver activator protein 1 undergoes post‐translational modifications, such as phosphorylation and sumoylation. These isoforms have different subcellular localizations, liver activator protein 2 being found in the cytosolic fraction only, liver inhibitory protein in the nucleus only, and liver activator protein 1 in both fractions. Through neuronal apoptosis induction by shifting mature cerebellar granule neurons to low‐potassium medium, we have demonstrated that nuclear liver activator protein 1 expression decreases and its phosphorylation disappears, whereas liver inhibitory protein levels increase in the nuclear fraction, suggesting a pro‐survival role for liver activator protein transcriptional activation and a pro‐apoptotic role for liver inhibitory protein transcriptional inhibition. To confirm this, we transfected cerebellar granule neurons with plasmids expressing liver activator protein 1, liver activator protein 2, or liver inhibitory protein respectively, and observed that both liver activator proteins, which increase CCAAT‐dependent transcription, but not liver inhibitory protein, counteracted apoptosis, thus demonstrating the pro‐survival role of liver activator proteins. These data significantly improve our current understanding of the role of CCAAT enhancer‐binding protein β in neuronal survival/apoptosis.
Alginate coatings containing grapefruit essential oil or grapefruit seed extract for grapes preservation
Authors: Aloui Hajer , Khwaldia Khaoula , Sánchez‐González Laura , Muneret Laurence , Jeandel Carole , Hamdi Moktar , Desobry Stéphane 
Published: November 2013

SummaryBiodegradable coatings based on 1% and 2% sodium alginate (NaAlg) with and without grapefruit seed extract (GSE) or grapefruit essential oil (GEO) were applied to table grapes to preserve their quality. Changes in weight loss, firmness and antioxidant activity were assessed over 15 days of cold storage. The effectiveness of developed coatings to control postharvest decay of inoculated grape berries stored for 5 days at 20 °C was also investigated. Biodegradable coatings based on pure NaAlg and those containing GSE were efficient in reducing weight loss and maintaining firmness during storage. Coatings incorporating either GEO or GSE were able to preserve the antioxidant activity of treated grapes and to reduce decay incidence in inoculated fruits. Coatings formulated with 2% NaAlg‐1% GSE showed the greatest preservation of antioxidant activity and the highest antifungal effect, with an effective control of water and firmness losses. These coatings can be recommended for maintaining table grapes quality.
The role of intracavernosal injection therapy and the reasons of withdrawal from therapy in patients with erectile dysfunction in the era of PDE5 inhibitors
Authors: Sung H. H. , Ahn J. S. , Kim J. J. , Choo S. H. , Han D. H. , Lee S. W. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryThere has been little data regarding the role of intracavernosal injection (ICI) treatment, its discontinuation rate and the reasons of withdrawal in patients with erectile dysfunction (ED) in the era of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors. The aim of this study was to investigate the rate of withdrawal and its associated reasons in patients undergoing ICI therapy. Patients who were prescribed with ICI treatment two times or more were included since the introduction of sildenafil in Korea in 1999. Telephone surveys were performed to evaluate intercourse rates, withdrawal rates and their associated reasons, adverse events and the patients' satisfaction with their sex lives after the ICI treatments. Two hundred and ninety‐four men were contacted by telephone. The mean age was 61.8 ± 7.9 years with a follow‐up duration of 25.6 ± 32.1 months. At the last follow‐up, 79.9% had discontinued the treatment. Most patients had previously failed PDE5 inhibitor treatment prior to the ICI therapy, and more than half had two or more risk factors of ED. Adequate penile rigidity after ICI therapy was restored in 60.2% of patients. The reasons for discontinuation of ICI were poor response (43.1%), inconvenience of use (18.3%), switch to other treatments (10.7%), loss of libido (6.7%), adverse events (5.5%) and return of spontaneous erection (2.8%). Pain was the most common adverse event in the withdrawal group, whereas prolonged erection was most common in the continuing group. Following ICI treatment, PDE5 inhibitors were the most common therapeutic option (63.1%). The overall satisfaction rate regarding sex life was significantly high in the treatment‐continuing group. In conclusion, patients on ICI treatment had severe ED and high withdrawal rates in the era of PDE5 inhibitors. The most common reason for treatment discontinuation was poor response. Before initiating ICI treatments, sufficient counselling is necessary.
Real‐Time Contact Force Sensing for Pulmonary Vein Isolation in the Setting of Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation: Procedural and 1‐Year Results
Authors: MARIJON ELOI , FAZAA SAMIA , NARAYANAN KUMAR , GUY‐MOYAT BENOIT , BOUZEMAN ABDESLAM , PROVIDENCIA RUI , TREGUER FREDERIC , COMBES NICOLAS , BORTONE AGUSTIN , BOVEDA SERGE , COMBES STEPHANE , ALBENQUE JEAN‐PAUL 
Published: November 2013

Real‐Time Contact Force Sensing for Pulmonary Vein IsolationIntroductionThe additional benefit of contact force (CF) technology during pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) to improve mid‐term clinical outcome is unclear.Methods and ResultsEligible patients with symptomatic paroxysmal AF were enrolled in this prospective trial, comparing circular antral catheter ablation (guided by Carto 3 System, Biosense Webster) using either a new open‐irrigated CF catheter (SmartTouch Thermocool, Biosense Webster) (CF group) or a non‐CF open‐irrigated catheter (EZ Steer Thermocool, Biosense Webster) (control group). Overall, 30 patients were enrolled in each group, with a standardized 12‐month follow‐up, free of antiarrhythmic therapy. Demographic, cardiovascular and anatomic characteristics were similar in both groups. Though complete PVI was eventually achieved in all cases in both groups, success using an exclusive anatomic approach was 80.0% in CF group versus 36.7% in control group (P < 0.0001). CF use was associated with significant reductions in fluoroscopy exposure (P < 0.01) and radiofrequency time (P = 0.01). The incidence rates of AF recurrence were 10.5% (95% CI, 1.38–22.4) in the CF group, and 35.9% (95% CI, 12.4–59.4) in the control group (log rank test, P = 0.04). After adjustment on potential confounders, the use of CF catheter was found to be associated with a lower AF recurrence (OR 0.18, 95% CI 0.04–0.94, P = 0.04).ConclusionOur findings suggest a potential benefit of real‐time CF sensing technology, in reducing AF recurrence during the first year after PVI.
Diapause termination of Rhagoletis cerasi pupae is regulated by local adaptation and phenotypic plasticity: escape in time through bet‐hedging strategies
Authors: Moraiti C. A. , Nakas C. T. , Papadopoulos N. T. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPersistence and thriving of univoltine, herbivore insect species of the temperate zone rely on obligate diapause response that ensures winter survival and synchronization with host phenology. We used a stenophagous fruit fly (Rhagoletis cerasi) with obligate pupae diapause to determine genetic and environmental effects on diapause intensity of geographically isolated populations with habitat heterogeneity. Pupae from two Greek and one German populations with various gene flow rates were exposed at five constant chilling temperatures (0–12 °C) for different durations and then incubated at a high temperature until all adults have emerged. Pupae diapause intensity differs among Greek and German populations, suggesting an adaptive response to habitat heterogeneity (mostly differences in phenology patterns of local host cultivars). Moderately warm winter temperatures, such as 8 °C, promote diapause termination in all three populations. Insufficient chilling (short duration or warmer temperatures) regulates the expression of prolonged dormancy. Interestingly, extended chilling (longer than required for terminating diapause) ‘return’ pupae to another (facultative) cycle of dormancy enabling adults to emerge during the next appropriate ‘window of time’; a strategy first time reported for univoltine insects. Consequently, diapause duration of R. cerasi is determined both by i) the adaptive response to local climatic conditions (annual dormancy) and ii) the plastic responses to interannual climatic variability resulting in two types of long life cycles within populations, prolonged and facultative dormancy as response to insufficient chilling and extended exposure to chilling, respectively. Long life cycles are expressed as a part of dormancy bet‐hedging strategies of R. cerasi populations.
EFA6A, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Arf6, interacts with sorting nexin‐1 and regulates neurite outgrowth
Authors: Fukaya Masahiro , Fukushima Daisuke , Hara Yoshinobu , Sakagami Hiroyuki 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe membrane trafficking and actin cytoskeleton remodeling mediated by ADP ribosylation factor 6 (Arf6) are functionally linked to various neuronal processes including neurite formation and maintenance, neurotransmitter release, and receptor internalization. EFA6A is an Arf6‐specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor that is abundantly expressed in the brain. In this study, we identified sorting nexin‐1 (SNX1), a retromer component that is implicated in endosomal sorting and trafficking, as a novel interacting partner for EFA6A by yeast two‐hybrid screening. The interaction was mediated by the C‐terminal region of EFA6A and a BAR domain of SNX1, and further confirmed by pull‐down assay and immunoprecipitation from mouse brain lysates. In situ hybridization analysis demonstrated the widespread expression of SNX1 in the mouse brain, which overlapped with the expression of EFA6A in the forebrain. Immunofluorescent analysis revealed the partial colocalization of EFA6A and SNX1 in the dendritic fields of the hippocampus. Immunoelectron microscopic analysis revealed the overlapping subcellular localization of EFA6A and SNX1 at the post‐synaptic density and endosomes in dendritic spines. In Neuro‐2a neuroblastoma cells, expression of either EFA6A or SNX1 induced neurite outgrowth, which was further enhanced by co‐expression of EFA6A and SNX1. The present findings suggest a novel mechanism by which EFA6A regulates Arf6‐mediated neurite formation through the interaction with SNX1.
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We identified sorting nexin‐1 (SNX1) as a novel binding partner for EFA6A, and demonstrated overlapping ultrastructural localization of EFA6A and SNX1 in spines and dendrites of hippocampal neurons. Furthermore, we showed that this interaction enhanced neurite outgrowth of Neuro‐2a cells. The present findings suggest the importance of the interaction between EFA6A and SNX1 in Arf6‐mediated neuronal functions in dendritic spines.
A gene with major phenotypic effects as a target for selection vs. homogenizing gene flow
Authors: Raeymaekers Joost A. M. , Konijnendijk Nellie , Larmuseau Maarten H. D. , Hellemans Bart , De Meester Luc , Volckaert Filip A. M. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractGenes with major phenotypic effects facilitate quantifying the contribution of genetic vs. plastic effects to adaptive divergence. A classical example is Ectodysplasin (Eda), the major gene controlling lateral plate phenotype in three‐spined stickleback. Completely plated marine stickleback populations evolved repeatedly towards low‐plated freshwater populations, representing a prime example of parallel evolution by natural selection. However, many populations remain polymorphic for lateral plate number. Possible explanations for this polymorphism include relaxation of selection, disruptive selection or a balance between divergent selection and gene flow. We investigated 15 polymorphic stickleback populations from brackish and freshwater habitats in coastal North‐western Europe. At each site, we tracked changes in allele frequency at theEdagene between subadults in fall, adults in spring and juveniles in summer.Edagenotypes were also compared for body size and reproductive investment. We observed a fitness advantage for theEdaallele for the low morph in freshwater and for the allele for the complete morph in brackish water. Despite these results, the differentiation at theEdagene was poorly correlated with habitat characteristics. Neutral population structure was the best predictor of spatial variation in lateral plate number, suggestive of a substantial effect of gene flow. A meta‐analysis revealed that the signature of selection atEdawas weak compared to similar studies in stickleback. We conclude that a balance between divergent selection and gene flow can maintain stickleback populations polymorphic for lateral plate number and that ecologically relevant genes may not always contribute much to local adaptation, even when targeted by selection.
Interplay of the fungal sumoylation network for control of multicellular development
Authors: Harting Rebekka , Bayram Özgür , Laubinger Karen , Valerius Oliver , Braus Gerhard H. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryThe role of the complex network of the ubiquitin‐like modifier SumO in fungal development was analysed. SumO is not only required for sexual development but also for accurate induction and light stimulation of asexual development. The Aspergillus nidulans COMPASS complex including its subunits CclA and the methyltransferase SetA connects the SumO network to histone modification. SetA is required for correct positioning of aerial hyphae for conidiophore and asexual spore formation. Multicellular fungal development requires sumoylation and desumoylation. This includes the SumO processing enzyme UlpB, the E1 SumO activating enzyme AosA/UbaB, the E2 conjugation enzyme UbcN and UlpA as major SumO isopeptidase. Genetic suppression analysis suggests a connection between the genes for the Nedd8 isopeptidase DenA and the SumO isopeptidase UlpA and therefore a developmental interplay between neddylation and sumoylation in fungi. Biochemical evidence suggests an additional connection of the fungal SumO network with ubiquitination. Members of the cellular SumO network include histone modifiers, components of the transcription, RNA maturation and stress response machinery, or metabolic enzymes. Our data suggest that the SumO network controls specific temporal and spatial steps in fungal differentiation.
The haustorial transcriptomes of Uromyces appendiculatus and Phakopsora pachyrhizi and their candidate effector families
Authors: Link Tobias I. , Lang Patrick , Scheffler Brian E. , Duke Mary V. , Graham Michelle A. , Cooper Bret , Tucker Mark L. , van de Mortel Martijn , Voegele Ralf T. , Mendgen Kurt , Baum Thomas J. , Whitham Steven A. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryHaustoria of biotrophic rust fungi are responsible for the uptake of nutrients from their hosts and for the production of secreted proteins, known as effectors, which modulate the host immune system. The identification of the transcriptome of haustoria and an understanding of the functions of expressed genes therefore hold essential keys for the elucidation of fungus–plant interactions and the development of novel fungal control strategies. Here, we purified haustoria from infected leaves and used 454 sequencing to examine the haustorial transcriptomes of Phakopsora pachyrhizi and Uromyces appendiculatus, the causal agents of soybean rust and common bean rust, respectively. These pathogens cause extensive yield losses in their respective legume crop hosts. A series of analyses were used to annotate expressed sequences, including transposable elements and viruses, to predict secreted proteins from the assembled sequences and to identify families of candidate effectors. This work provides a foundation for the comparative analysis of haustorial gene expression with further insights into physiology and effector evolution.
Ectoparasites in urban stray cats in Jerusalem, Israel: differences in infestation patterns of fleas, ticks and permanent ectoparasites
Authors: SALANT H. , MUMCUOGLU K. Y. , BANETH G. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn a period cross‐sectional study performed to examine ectoparasites on 340 stray cats in Jerusalem, Israel, 186 (54.7%) were infested with the cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae), 49 (14.4%) with the cat louse, Felicola subrostratus (Phthiraptera: Trichodectidae), 41 (12.0%) with the ear mite, Otodectes cynotis (Astigmata: Psoroptidae), three (0.9%) with the fur mite, Cheyletiella blakei (Trobidiformes: Cheyletidae), two (0.6%) with the itch mite Notoedres cati (Astigmata: Sarcoptidae), and 25 (7.3%) with ticks of the species Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (Ixodida: Ixodidae), Rhipicephalus turanicus or Haemaphysalis adleri (Ixodida: Ixodidae). A higher number of flea infestations was observed in apparently sick cats (P < 0.05) and in cats aged < 6 months (P < 0.05). The proportion of flea‐infested cats (P < 0.01), as well as the number of fleas per infested cat (P < 0.01), was higher in autumn than in other seasons. By contrast with findings in cats with flea infestations, rates of infestation with ticks were higher amongst cats with clinical signs (P < 0.01) and cats aged ≥ 6 months (P < 0.05). The high rates of ectoparasite infestation in the cats studied constitute a risk for the spread of vector‐borne infections of zoonotic and veterinary importance.
TO LEARN OR TO CHANGE: OPTIMAL R&D INVESTMENTS UNDER UNCERTAINTY IN THE CASE OF CLIMATE CHANGE
Authors: MIAO RUIQING , HENNESSY DAVID A. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWhen studying R&D investments in technologies that address potential damage from climate change (termed as “research to change” or RTC), current literature overlooks the effects of purchased learning (i.e., learn through scientific research, termed as “research to learn” or RTL) about climate change. We investigate interactions between optimal R&D investments in RTC and RTL under uncertainty in climate change and research outcomes, while accounting for the positive impact that successful RTL may have on RTC outcome. We find that simultaneously investing in both RTL and RTC may be optimal when the probability that climate change imposes a specific level of damage is either moderate or very high and when RTL cost is relatively low. Whenever RTL and RTC are conducted simultaneously, then they substitute. However, when it is not optimal to conduct RTC and RTL simultaneously, then an increase in RTC cost decreases, at least weakly, RTL investment (i.e., RTL and RTC complement). When the probability that climate change imposes damage increases, then the optimal RTL investment may first decrease and then increase. Moreover, we identify conditions under which either the precautionary principle or the learn‐then‐act principle should be followed regarding R&D investments.
Organ‐specific phosphorus‐allocation patterns and transcript profiles linked to phosphorus efficiency in two contrasting wheat genotypes
Authors: AZIZ TARIQ , FINNEGAN PATRICK M. , LAMBERS HANS , JOST RICARDA 
Published: November 2013

AbstractRecent studies have identified genotypic variation in phosphorus (P) efficiency, but rarely have the underlying mechanisms been described at the molecular level. We demonstrate that the highly P‐efficient wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar Chinese 80‐55 maintains higher inorganic phosphate (Pi) concentrations in all organs upon Pi withdrawal in combination with higher Pi acquisition in the presence of Pi when compared with the less‐efficient cultivar Machete. These findings correlated with differential organ‐specific expression of Pi transporters TaPHT1;2, TaPHT1;5, TaPHT1;8, TaPHT2;1 and H+‐ATPase TaHa1. Observed transcript level differences between the cultivars suggest that higher de novo phospholipid biosynthetic activities in Pi‐limited elongating basal leaf sections are another crucial adaptation in Chinese 80‐55 for sustaining growth upon Pi withdrawal. These activities may be supported through enhanced breakdown of starch in Chinese 80‐55 stems as suggested by higher TaGPho1 transcript levels. Chinese 80‐55 fine roots on the other hand show strong suppression of transcripts involved in glycolysis, transcriptional regulation and ribosomal activities. Our work reveals major differences in the way the two contrasting cultivars allocate Pi and organic P compounds between source and sink tissues and in the acclimation of their metabolism to changes in Pi availability.