bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Erasable Ink: Its Ease of Erasability and Its Permanence
Authors: Throckmorton GJ 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The following study takes a six-month look at the use of “erasable ink” on various types of paper using different types of erasers. In the examination of questioned documents. it is important to be able to identify if or when erasures or alterations have been made on a certain document. In recent years it has become easier for individuals of average ability to alter a document through the use of erasable ink. It is important for the document examiner to be able to identify if and when these inks have been used. By being familiar with the permanence that these inks gradually attain on various types of paper, the possibility of an erasure or alteration going undetected will be reduced. A practical evaluation, and update of different erasable inks, their erasability, and their permanence will be discussed.
The Threaded Bolt Injury Pattern
Authors: Mittleman RE , Wetli CV 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Threaded metal weapons may impart a characteristic abrasion of the skin with or without a laceration. When the head is struck, the threaded pattern may also be imprinted into the skull. Four cases of injury are described. Recognition of this pattern can be important in terms of the crime scene search for the suspect weapon.
A Rapid, Systematic, and Comprehensive Classification System for the Identification and Comparison of Motor Vehicle Paint Samples. II: Paint Data Collected from Chrysler-Manufactured Cars
Authors: Audette RJ , Percy RFE 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A rapid system for the identification of Chrysler Corp. vehicles from paint samples has been devised. The data presented outline the production relationships of Chrysler vehicle lines to their various assembly plants from 1960 to 1979. Marketing trends seen in our data illustrate the usefulness of a statistical data base. Microscopic and chemical data from the analysis of 107 core samples, representing paint samples collected from 1452 Chrysler Corp. vehicles, are presented and discussed.
Use of Narrow-Band-Pass Filters to Enhance Detail in Latent Fingerprint Photography by Laser
Authors: Dalrymple BE 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The barrier filter used to date to photograph fingerprints by laser does not eliminate substrate luminescence that can reduce or destroy the value of the fingerprint. Use of a narrow-band-pass filter with an appropriate transmission spectrum can often isolate the desirable fingerprint luminescence and yield a better photograph of the print.
Experimental Determination of Time of Intracranial Hemorrhage by Spectrophotometric Analysis of Cerebrospinal Fluid
Authors: Marlet JM , Barreto Fonseca JP 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A method for determining the time elapsed after a cerebrovascular accident by exanaination of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is described. Hemorrhagic intracranial trauma was simulated in dogs by injecting blood into the subarachnoid space. Daily samples of cerebrospinal fluid were gathered during the subsequent 14 days, and the concentrations of oxyhemoglobin and bilirubin were measured using spectrophotometric methods. The hemoglobin coefficient (HC), defined as the ratio of the oxyhemoglobin concentration to the sum of the concentrations of the cerebrospinal fluid pigments, and the hemoglobin-bilirubin index (HBI), the ratio of the oxyhemoglobin and the bilirubin concentrations, are found to permit accurate calculation of the time elapsed after the hemorrhage.
Postmortem Vitreous Humor in Fatal Acute Iron Poisoning
Authors: Mittleman RE , Steele B , Moskowitz L 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The postmortem level of iron in the vitreous humor was assayed in a case of treated fatal iron poisoning. An antemortem serum iron level was 9060μg/dL and postmortem blood level was 2920 μg/dL. A postmortem vitreous humor specimen collected by a standard technique had an iron level of 80μg/dL whereas 23 controls had a mean of 12.8 ± 4.2 μg/dL (range, 6 to 21 μg/dL). Although this elevated value could reflect some serum contamination, it may be a reflection of the toxic state.
Deaths Related to Propoxyphene or Codeine or Both
Authors: Litman RE , Diller J , Nelson F 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Ninety-nine deaths involving propoxyphene or codeine or both were investigated through interviews with surviving relatives and associates. The criterion for admission to this study was the presence of propoxyphene or codeine in the body fluids or tissues, determined analytically. The codeine-related group included more ethnic minority persons, more histories of primary drug addiction, more users of street drugs, and more accidental deaths. In the propoxyphenerelated group there were fewer histories of drug addiction and more persons with mental illness and more suicides. Most victims had considerable past experience with one or both of the drugs and other drugs as well. Propoxyphene was usually obtained by physician prescription. Codeine was often obtained illegally.
Lactic Acid Concentrations in Vitreous Humor: Their Use in Asphyxial Deaths in Children
Authors: Sturner WQ , Sullivan A , Suzuki K 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Lactic acid concentrations in brain tissue of humans have been shown to increase with an extended agonal period. Infants and children dying from various causes are undergoing different stress conditions terminally and the postulate of this study is that natural death cases and traumatic asphyxia cases are characterized by varying agonal periods, the former being somewhat prolonged with the latter being rather brief. One-hundred-and-two cases of infants and children were examined for vitreous humor lactic acid concentrations. They were divided into two major categories, Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) and non-SIDS cases. SIDS was further divided into SIDS without additional findings and SIDS with secondary findings which contributed to death. The non-SIDS category included traumatic asphyxia cases as well as those dying from blunt trauma, known respiratory diseases, and other causes. Categorical mean values and standard deviations were calculated. The vitreous humor lactic acid mean value for traumatic asphyxia was significantly lower than the mean value for SIDS. Also the mean value for known respiratory diseases was statistically lower than the mean value for SIDS with secondary findings. These findings are probably suggestive of agonal time differences and may be a reflection of the various mechanisms of death.
Review of health issues of workers engaged in operations related to the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant
Authors: Hiraoka Koh , Tateishi Seiichiro , Mori Koji 
Published: August 2015

Review of health issues of workers engaged in operations related to the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant: Koh Hiraoka, et al. Occupational Health Training Center, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, JapanObjectiveThe aim of this review was to summarize the lessons learned from the experience in protecting the health of workers engaged in operations following the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (NPP).MethodsWe reviewed all types of scientific papers examining workers’ health found in Medline and Web of Sciences as well as some official reports published by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan and other governmental institutes.ResultsThe papers and reports were classified into those investigating workers at the Fukushima Daiichi and Daini NPPs, workers engaged in decontamination operations in designated areas, and other workers. Regarding workers at the NPPs, many efforts were made to establish an emergency‐care and occupational health system. Risk management efforts were undertaken for radiation exposure, heat stress, psychological stress, outbreak of infectious diseases, and fitness for work. Only a few reports dealt with decontamination workers and others; however, the health management of these workers was clearly weaker than that for workers at the NPPs.ConclusionsMany lessons can be learned from what occurred. That knowledge can be applied to ongoing decommissioning work and to future disasters. In addition, it is necessary to study the long‐term health effects of radiation exposure and to accumulate data about the health of workers engaged in decontamination work and other areas.
Design and Simulation of methanol sensing devices using DMFC technology
Authors: Chittur K Subramaniam , S Muthuraja 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTDirect Methanol Fuel Cell, DMFC, technology, can be used for fabrication of sensors for volatile organic compounds like alcohols. A fundamental limitation in DMFC is methanol crossover. In this process methanol diffuses from the anode through the electrolyte to the cathode, where it reacts directly with the oxygen and produces no electrical current from the cell. This also results in poisoning of the cathode catalysts. The designed and fabrication of the sensor is by means of micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS) fabrication technology with electrochemical inputs. To achieve this we have used a passive mode design protocol using COMSOL Multiphysics. The design and simulation would involve optimization of various parameters, in the construction of the cell. We can optimize the overall power density and hence the sensitivity of the sensor by the modification of various parameters like the area of the working electrodes, separation distance and the electrode-electrolyte interface. A passive mode design protocol, for a cm cell area, using various parametric functions, and interfacing Darcy’s law of fluidic flow through a porous medium, under specific pressure and temperature, was applied. The designing involves the construction of gas diffusion layers using carbon cloth for anode and cathode with various parametric variations. Nafion membrane was selected as proton exchange membrane for the construction with different interface structure to analyze the sensor’s performance. Platinum and various alloy catalysts like Pt-Ru, Pt-Fe, Pt-Sn and Pt-Mo was chosen as the working catalysts. The parametric functions of the cell were optimized for ampherometric detection. It is proposed to design a MEMS based sensor with microfludic interconnects and its response characteristics will be studied.
FATORES QUE INFLUENCIAM OS CONSUMIDORES DA GERAÇÃO Z NA COMPRA DE PRODUTOS ELETRÔNICOS / Factors that influence the consumers from Generation Z to purchase electronic products
Authors: Veiga Neto Alipio Ramos , Baena de Souza Sergio Luiz , Almeida Sonia Trigueiro de , Castro Felipe Nalon , Silva Braga Júnior Sergio 
Published: August 2015

<p>O modo pelo qual os indivíduos se comportam em relação ao processo de decisão de compra de produtos e serviços vem sofrendo evolução, uma vez que é reflexo dos ambientes sociodemográfico, sociocultural, político-legal, econômico e tecnológico nos quais esses indivíduos estão inseridos. Nesse contexto, os jovens formam, atualmente, um grupo de consumidores com significativa importância, não apenas por seu poder de compra, mas também pela capacidade de influenciar o consumo dos outros grupos. Procedeu-se a uma pesquisa do tipo exploratória com abordagem quantitativa, a fim de compreender como ocorre o processo de decisão de compra desse grupo, a partir da utilização do Modelo de Processo de Decisão do Consumidor (modelo PDC) apresentado por Blackwell, Miniard e Engel (2008). Com o objetivo de determinar quais são os fatores capazes de influenciar os consumidores da Geração Z na compra de produtos eletrônicos, a partir de um estudo de campo com a aplicação de questionários a uma amostra selecionada por conveniência de alunos de duas escolas de uma cidade nordestina, sendo uma da rede pública federal e outra particular, representando o universo dos jovens entre 12 e 20 anos de idade da referida cidade. Os resultados obtidos mostram que o principal fator de influência na decisão de compra – para os sujeitos objetos da pesquisa – baseia-se nos atributos de produto com ênfase na qualidade e, que, contrariando a literatura, comprar para demonstrar <em>status</em> não é relevante para esse grupo.</p><p>Palavras-chave: Marketing das gerações. Adolescentes. Consumo. </p>
Effects of stress relaxation in beta-titanium orthodontic loops: Part II
Authors: Júnior Roberto S.S. , Caldas Sergei G.F.R. , Martins Lídia P. , Martins Renato P. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To determine which regions of beta-titanium T-loop springs (TLSs) are more affected by the stress relaxation over a 12-week period.

Materials and Methods:
Fifty TLS were previously activated by concentrated bends and divided into five groups of 10 each according to their evaluation periods: immediate assessment (G0), 24 hours (G1), 48 hours (G2), 1 week (G3), and 12 weeks (G4). Groups 1 to 4 were mounted into a structure simulating a clinical situation. After the experimental periods, the springs were scanned for measurement of their angles and numbered from 1 to 9. A two-way analysis of variance was used to detect differences among the angles measured and differences caused by time and also to detect interactions between those two factors. Tukey’s test was used to find differences among the groups.

Results:
Time influenced the angulations of the TLSs (P &lt; .001). Tukey post hoc test showed that G0 (84.1°) presented a different profile, whereas G1 (90.2°), G2 (90.7°), and G3 (91.1°) had similar profiles among each other, with G4 (92.6°) showing a mean value different from all other groups. A significant interaction was detected between activation time and angular deformation in the TLSs (P &lt; .01).

Conclusion:
Stress relaxation was observed in the TLSs. It was greatest within 24 hours and gradually increased up to 12 weeks. Two regions were identified as responsible for the relaxation of the TLSs: one at the bend between the vertical extensions of the springs and the base arch and the other at the preactivation bends made in the base arch.
Liquidambar maomingensis sp. nov. (Altingiaceae) from the late Eocene of South China
Authors: Maslova Natalia P. , Kodrul Tatiana M. , Song Yunsheng , Volkova Lyudmila D. , Jin Jianhua 
Published: August 2015

• Premise of the study: Phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequence data has changed our view on the evolution and systematics of plant taxa. Based on the phylogenetic analysis of several molecular markers, fruit anatomy, and pollen morphology, the genera Altingia and Semiliquidambar were formally transferred to the genus Liquidambar. The new species of Liquidambar from the Eocene of South China significantly extends our knowledge of the variability of the morphological characters of this genus in the geological past. Fossil leaves in conjunction with data on the associated reproductive structures allow us to make inferences about patterns in the evolutionary history of Liquidambar.• Methods: Fossil leaves and associated reproductive structures preserved as impressions were described and compared with the corresponding organs of extant and fossil relatives. The morphological variation of numerous leaves was examined by stereomicroscopy.• Key results: Liquidambar maomingensis sp. nov. is characterized by polymorphic leaves including both palmately lobed and unlobed leaves. This study presents the first observations of such dimorphism in the fossil record of Liquidambar leaves. Two distinct leaf groups are interpreted as sun and shade leaves.• Conclusions: The fossil leaves and associated infructescences from Maoming probably belong to the same plant. The occurrence of fossil leaves similar to those of extant species previously considered within Semiliquidambar and Liquidambar with the associated infructescences close to those of Altingia provide paleobotanical evidence that justifies combining the genera Liquidambar, Altingia, and Semiliquidambar into the single genus Liquidambar as recently proposed based on molecular markers.
The effects of laser repetition rate on femtosecond laser ablation of dry bone: a thermal and LIBS study
Authors: Gill Ruby K. , Smith Zachary J. , Lee Changwon , Wachsmann‐Hogiu Sebastian 
Published: August 2015

The aim of this study is to understand the effect of varying laser repetition rate on thermal energy accumulation and dissipation as well as femtosecond Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (fsLIBS) signals, which may help create the framework for clinical translation of femtosecond lasers for surgical procedures. We study the effect of repetition rates on ablation widths, sample temperature, and LIBS signal of bone. SEM images were acquired to quantify the morphology of the ablated volume and fsLIBS was performed to characterize changes in signal intensity and background. We also report for the first time experimentally measured temperature distributions of bone irradiated with femtosecond lasers at repetition rates below and above carbonization conditions. While high repetition rates would allow for faster cutting, heat accumulation exceeds heat dissipation and results in carbonization of the sample. At repetition rates where carbonization occurs, the sample temperature increases to a level that is well above the threshold for irreversible cellular damage. These results highlight the importance of the need for careful selection of the repetition rate for a femtosecond laser surgery procedure to minimize the extent of thermal damage to surrounding tissues and prevent misclassification of tissue by fsLIBS analysis.
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Seymour Sarason Remembered: “Plus ça change…”, “Psychology Misdirected”, and “Community Psychology and the Anarchist Insight”
Authors: Trickett Edison J. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe intellectual legacy of Seymour Sarason continues to serve as a critical resource for the field of community psychology. The present paper draws on one of Sarason’s favorite aphorisms and two of his seminal writings to suggest the relevance of ideas articulated 35–40 years ago for the current time. Each in their own way highlights the importance of unearthing and interrogating core assumptions underlying our research and our efforts to make a positive difference. The aphorism reminds us that the rhetoric of change is far easier to articulate than to enact and all too often ignores or disguises issues of power among actors.
The “misdirection” of Psychology reflected his assertion that the asocial, acultural, and ahistorical nature of American Psychology reflected American culture more generally and ill prepared it to understand and engage in social change, particularly with respect to educational reform. The “anarchist insight” articulated his belief in interrogating the implications of the increasingly interdependent relationship of science and the state for the autonomy of scientists and scientific inquiry. The evidence‐based practice movement is offered as an example of the current day relevance of the aphorism and core insights of these two papers. The paper concludes with a plea to rekindle the discussion and continued examination of Sarason’s paradigmatic insights for the intellectual and social development of the field.
Pravastatin inhibits tumor growth through elevating the levels of apolipoprotein A1
Authors: Yeh Chun , Cheng Chun‐Chia , Lin Hua‐Ching , Luo Tsai‐Yueh , Chang Jungshan , Ho Ai‐Sheng 
Published: August 2015

SummaryBackgroundStatins are a class of drugs used to lower cholesterol levels, accompanying increased high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. Previous studies have suggested that statins can inhibit inflammation, and also reduce tumor proliferation. We therefore hypothesized that pravastatin, a member of the statins, mediating the inhibitory functions in tumor growth may be associated with the upregulated HDL constituent, apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1).MethodsPravastatin‐induced inhibition in tumor proliferation in vitro and in xenografts was investigated. Reduced ApoA1 expressions were detected in the tumor regions in specimens from tumor patients as well in xenografts using Western Blotting. Moreover, ApoA1 was administered to inhibit tumor proliferation, and pravastatin was given to enhance the chemotherapeutic efficacy of doxorubicin (DOX).ResultsWe found a significant statistical reduction of ApoA1 in the tumor regions of specimens from gastric cancer and colorectal cancer patients. MKN45 cells proliferation was inhibited by 18% under the growing medium containing pravastatin. ApoA1 levels were elevated in liver Clone 9 cells administered pravastatin, but not in MKN45 cells. In vitro studies revealed that ApoA1 can reduce MKN45 tumor proliferation. Moreover, the tumor volume was significantly reduced in in vivo xenografts after the administration of pravastatin. Combined treatments of pravastatin with DOX significantly minimized the size of tumors, leading to a better therapeutic efficacy.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that pravastatin elevated ApoA1, an HDL major constituent with anti‐inflammatory characteristics, which displayed strong adversary associations with tumor developments and growth. Increasing the amounts of ApoA1 by pravastatin coupled with DOX may improve the therapeutic efficacy for cancer treatment.
Sustained Reduction of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia Rates Using Real-Time Course Correction With a Ventilator Bundle Compliance Dashboard
Authors: Talbot Thomas R. , Carr Devin , Lee Parmley C. , Martin Barbara J. , Gray Barbara , Ambrose Anna , Starmer Jack 
Published: August 2015

BACKGROUNDThe effectiveness of practice bundles on reducing ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) has been questioned.OBJECTIVETo implement a comprehensive program that included a real-time bundle compliance dashboard to improve compliance and reduce ventilator-associated complications.DESIGNBefore-and-after quasi-experimental study with interrupted time-series analysis.SETTINGAcademic medical center.METHODSIn 2007 a comprehensive institutional ventilator bundle program was developed. To assess bundle compliance and stimulate instant course correction of noncompliant parameters, a real-time computerized dashboard was developed. Program impact in 6 adult intensive care units (ICUs) was assessed. Bundle compliance was noted as an overall cumulative bundle adherence assessment, reflecting the percentage of time all elements were concurrently in compliance for all patients.RESULTSThe VAP rate in all ICUs combined decreased from 19.5 to 9.2 VAPs per 1,000 ventilator-days following program implementation (P<.001). Bundle compliance significantly increased (Z100 score of 23% in August 2007 to 83% in June 2011 [P<.001]). The implementation resulted in a significant monthly decrease in the overall ICU VAP rate of 3.28/1,000 ventilator-days (95% CI, 2.64–3.92/1,000 ventilator-days). Following the intervention, the VAP rate decreased significantly at a rate of 0.20/1,000 ventilator-days per month (95% CI, 0.14–0.30/1,000 ventilator-days per month). Among all adult ICUs combined, improved bundle compliance was moderately correlated with monthly VAP rate reductions (Pearson correlation coefficient, −0.32).CONCLUSIONA prevention program using a real-time bundle adherence dashboard was associated with significant sustained decreases in VAP rates and an increase in bundle compliance among adult ICU patients.Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 2015;36(11):1261–1267