bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of thromboelastography to tailor dual-antiplatelet therapy in patients undergoing treatment of intracranial aneurysms with the Pipeline embolization device
Authors: McTaggart Ryan A , Choudhri Omar A , Marcellus Mary L , Brennan Tom , Steinberg Gary K , Dodd Robert L , Do Huy M , Marks Michael P 
Published: April 2014

BackgroundPlatelet function testing is controversial and not well studied in patients with neurovascular disease.ObjectiveTo evaluate the performance of thromboelastography (TEG) as a platelet function test in neurovascular patients treated with the Pipeline embolization device (PED).MethodsA prospective protocol was instituted for platelet function testing in patients undergoing repair of intracranial aneurysms with the PED. All patients received dual antiplatelet therapy (DAT) and their response to both P2Y12 inhibitors and aspirin was quantified with TEG. Each patient's DAT induction strategy was tailored based on the percentage ADP-induced and percentage arachidonic acid-induced platelet inhibition reported by TEG. Data collected included clinical presentation, aneurysm characteristics, treatment details, and periprocedural events. Patients were followed up clinically and/or angiographically at 30 days, 6 months, and 1 year.ResultsThirty-four PED procedures were performed on 31 patients. TEG results altered the DAT strategy in 35% of patients. Technical success with the Pipeline placement was 100%. Two patients had minor strokes and five had transient ischemic attacks (TIAs). There have been no hemorrhagic complications. No patient had permanent neurologic deficits. Six of eight (75%) of patients with thromboembolic/TIA events were ADP-induced hyporesponders by TEG. Our 6- and 12-month angiographic occlusion rates were 78.9% and 89.5%, respectively. The 19 major branches covered by the PED that were assessed by follow-up imaging have all remained patent.ConclusionsPlatelet function testing with TEG altered our DAT induction strategy in a significant number of cases. No hemorrhagic or disabling thromboembolic complications were seen in this series. Future studies should compare methods of platelet function testing and, possibly, no platelet function testing in neurovascular patients undergoing flow diversion and/or stent-assisted treatment of intracranial aneurysms.
A BIBLIOMETRIC/GEOGRAPHIC ASSESSMENT OF 40 YEARS OF SOFTWARE ENGINEERING RESEARCH (1969–2009)
Authors: GAROUSI VAHID , RUHE GUENTHER 
Published: April 2014

Bibliometric rankings are quite common in the field of software engineering. For example, there are a series of ranking repeated every year which identify the top researchers and institutions at the international level in the field. There are also other studies to determine the most cited articles in software engineering journals, the most popular research topics in this area, or identify the top researchers and institutions in regional levels. However, there exists no existing bibliometric quantitative analysis of publications in the area of software engineering (SE), including relative and absolute growth in the number of all SE publications as well as an analysis among countries. This is the main goal and motivation of this article. Besides, this study intends to provide an overall quantitative trend of the software engineering papers, and compare that trend to research output in other areas of science. The bibliometric study reported in this paper is motivated by the fact that understanding the amount of geographical research contributions to the field of software engineering can help identify different countries’ level of commitment to support research activities in this area over years. We analyze how the contribution levels of top-ranked countries have changed over the years and how SE compares to other disciplines of engineering and science. Among the most interesting findings of this study are: (1) Over 40 years, in total about 60% of the SE literature has been contributed by only 7% of all countries, (2) the SE research output of different countries does not necessarily correlate with their GDPs, (3) the share of contributions to the SE discipline by the American researchers has declined from 71.43% (in 1980) to 14.90% (in 2008), and (4) China is the country with the biggest share growth in the number of publications (from 0.82% of the entire SE publications in 1991 to 13.82% in 2009).
A Comparison of Nicotine Biomarkers and Smoking Patterns in Daily and Nondaily Smokers
Authors: Shiffman Saul , Dunbar Michael S. , Benowitz Neal L. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Background: Nondaily or intermittent smokers (ITS) are increasingly common, but how much nicotine, if any, ITS take in and how quickly they metabolize it has not yet been studied.
Methods: We compared carbon monoxide (CO), urinary cotinine, and nicotine metabolism [nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR): 3-hydroxycotinine:cotinine] in 224 ITS and 222 daily smokers (DS). Effects of gender and ethnicity were examined.
Results: DS had higher cotinine concentrations than ITS (1,396 ± 69 vs. 478 ± 44 ng/mL), attributable to higher cigarettes per day (CPD). In both groups, cotinine rose more slowly as CPD increased. There were no differences in cotinine between White (WH) and African American (AA) DS; among ITS, AA cotinine was over twice that of WH. Among DS, CO was significantly higher among WH than AA smokers, but significantly lower among WH ITS than AA ITS. Although AA ITS smoked more than WH ITS (CPD: 4.13 ± 0.55 vs. 3.31 ± 0.41), this did not account for the observed cotinine nor CO differences. There were no differences in NMR by group or race, nor any gender effects.
Conclusions: At comparable CPD, DS' and ITS' intake of nicotine per cigarette was similar, as were their rates of nicotine metabolism. Among ITS, AA smokers smoke more and take in more nicotine per cigarette than WH ITS, consistent with the view of ITS as a heterogeneous group.
Impact: Differences in nicotine intake per cigarette and metabolism likely cannot account for differences in DS and ITS smoking. Future studies should explore ethnic differences in ITS smoking. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(7); 1264–72. ©2014 AACR.
Evaluation of Apoptosis Induction by Concomitant Inhibition of MEK, mTOR, and Bcl-2 in Human Acute Myelogenous Leukemia Cells
Authors: Zhang Weiguo , Ruvolo Vivian R. , Gao Chen , Zhou Liran , Bornmann William , Tsao Twee , Schober Wendy D. , Smith Paul , Guichard Sylvie , Konopleva Marina , Andreeff Michael 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Aberrant activation of multiple signaling pathways is common in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) cells, which can be linked to a poor prognosis for patients with this disease. Previous research with mTOR or MEK inhibitors revealed cytostatic, rather than cytotoxic, effects in in vitro and in vivo AML models. We evaluated the combination effect of the mTOR inhibitor AZD8055 and the MEK inhibitor selumetinib on human AML cell lines and primary AML samples. This combination demonstrated synergistic proapoptotic effects in AML cells with high basal activation of MEK and mTOR. We next incorporated the BH3 mimetic ABT-737 into this combination regimen to block Bcl-2, which further enhanced the apoptogenic effect of MEK/mTOR inhibition. The combination treatment also had a striking proapoptotic effect in CD33+/CD34+ AML progenitor cells from primary AML samples with NRAS mutations. Mechanistically, upregulation of the proapoptotic protein Bim, accompanied by the downregulation of the antiapoptotic protein Mcl-1 (mainly via protein degradation), seemed to play critical roles in enhancing the combination drug effect. Furthermore, the modulation of survivin, Bax, Puma, and X-chromosome-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) expression suggested a role for mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in the cytotoxicity of the drug combination. Consequently, the concomitant blockade of prosurvival MEK/mTOR signaling and the deactivation of Bcl-2 could provide a mechanism-based integrated therapeutic strategy for the eradication of AML cells. Mol Cancer Ther; 13(7); 1848–59. ©2014 AACR.
ABT-737 Promotes the Dislocation of ER Luminal Proteins to the Cytosol, Including Pseudomonas Exotoxin
Authors: Antignani Antonella , Sarnovsky Robert , FitzGerald David J. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Impaired apoptosis is often a key element in tumor development. Therefore, drugs mimicking prosurvival antagonists offer promise as cancer therapeutics. When ABT-737, a BH3-only mimetic, was added to KB3-1 human cervical adenocarcinoma cells, we noted an induction of an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response and the dislocation of ER luminal proteins, including chaperones, to the cell cytosol. Furthermore, when immunotoxin (antibody–toxin chimeric molecule) and ABT-737 combinations were added to cells, there was enhanced toxin-mediated inhibition of protein synthesis, consistent with enhanced translocation of toxin to the cytosol. A similar enhancement was not seen with thapsigargin, suggesting that ER stress alone was not responsible for enhanced translocation. Cytosol preparations from ABT-737–treated but not from thapsigargin-treated cells revealed the presence of greater amounts of processed 37-kDa toxin fragment compared with the addition of immunotoxin alone. As early as 4 hours after the addition of ABT-737 and immunotoxin, there was release of mitochondrial cytochrome c and activation of caspase-3/7 indicating that the combination caused apoptotic cell death. These results were reflected in decreased cellular ATP levels that were noted with combinations of ABT-737 and immunotoxin but not with either agent alone or with combinations of thapsigargin and immunotoxin. We conclude that ABT-737 increases ER permeability, promoting the dislocation of toxin from the ER to the cytosol resulting in early apoptotic cell death. These mechanistic insights suggest why this class of BH3-only mimetic synergizes in a particular way with Pseudomonas exotoxin–based immunotoxins. Mol Cancer Ther; 13(6); 1655–63. ©2014 AACR.
Whole blood thrombin generation in Bmal1-deficient mice
Authors: Ninivaggi Marisa , Kelchtermans Hilde , Kuijpers Marijke J. , Hemmeryckx Bianca , Heemskerk Johan W. M. , Lindhout Theo , Hoylaerts Marc F. , de Laat Bas 
Published: April 2014

SummaryThe Calibrated Automated Thrombogram (CAT) assay that measures thrombin generation (TG) in platelet-poor and -rich plasma, is increasingly being recognised as a more sensitive tool to determine the overall function of the haemostatic system. We developed a method enabling the measurement of TG in a small aliquot of blood. The objective was to validate this assay in mouse blood and to examine the rate and extent of TG in a mouse model of premature aging. TG was assayed in blood from 20– to 28-week-old brain and muscle ARNT-like protein-1 (Bmal1)-deficient (knockout, KO) mice and wild-type (WT) littermates. Bmal1-KO mice are known to display symptoms of premature aging. TG was initiated by adding calcium, tissue factor and a thrombin specific substrate. After TG, the samples were prepared for scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The intra-assay variations (%) in mouse blood of the endogenous thrombin potential (ETP), peak height, lag time, time-to-peak and velocity index were 10% or less (n=24). We found that Bmal1-KO mice have a significantly (p<0.001) higher ETP (437 ± 7 nM.min; mean ± SD, n=7) when compared with WT mice (ETP=220 ± 45 nM.min; mean ± SD, n=5). The peak heights also differed significantly (p=0.027). By applying SEM we found that Bmal1 deficient mice display a denser fibrin network with smaller pores compared to WT mice. In conclusion, the whole blood TG assay in mice revealed to be reproducible. As a proof-of-principle we have shown that the whole blood TG assay is capable of detecting a prothrombotic phenotype in Bmal1-KO mice.
Oxidative Post-Translational Modifications Develop LONP1 Dysfunction in Pressure Overload Heart Failure
Authors: Hoshino Atsushi , Okawa Yoshifumi , Ariyoshi Makoto , Kaimoto Satoshi , Uchihashi Motoki , Fukai Kuniyoshi , Iwai-Kanai Eri , Matoba Satoaki 
Published: April 2014

Background—
Mitochondrial compromise is a fundamental contributor to heart failure. Recent studies have revealed that several surveillance systems maintain mitochondrial integrity. The present study evaluated the role of mitochondrial AAA+ protease in a mouse model of pressure overload heart failure.

Methods and Results—
The fluorescein isothiocyanate casein assay and immunoblotting for endogenous mitochondrial proteins revealed a marked reduction in ATP-dependent proteolytic activity in failing heart mitochondria. The level of reduced cysteine was decreased, and tyrosine nitration and protein carbonylation were promoted in Lon protease homolog (LONP1), the most abundant mitochondrial AAA+ protease, in heart failure. Comprehensive analysis revealed that electron transport chain protein levels were increased even with a reduction in the expression of their corresponding mRNAs in heart failure, which indicated decreased protein turnover and resulted in the accumulation of oxidative damage in the electron transport chain. The induction of mitochondria-targeted human catalase ameliorated proteolytic activity and protein homeostasis in the electron transport chain, leading to improvements in mitochondrial energetics and cardiac contractility even during the late stage of pressure overload. Moreover, the infusion of mitoTEMPO, a mitochondria-targeted superoxide dismutase mimetic, recovered oxidative modifications of LONP1 and improved mitochondrial respiration capacity and cardiac function. The in vivo small interfering RNA repression of LONP1 partially canceled the protective effects of mitochondria-targeted human catalase induction and mitoTEMPO infusion.

Conclusions—
Oxidative post-translational modifications attenuate mitochondrial AAA+ protease activity, which is involved in impaired electron transport chain protein homeostasis, mitochondrial respiration deficiency, and left ventricular contractile dysfunction. Oxidatively inactivated proteases may be an endogenous target for mitoTEMPO treatment in pressure overload heart failure.
All Competition Is Not Alike: Neural Mechanisms for Resolving Underdetermined and Prepotent Competition
Authors: Snyder Hannah R. , Banich Marie T. , Munakata Yuko 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
People must constantly select among potential thoughts and actions in the face of competition from (a) multiple task-relevant options (underdetermined competition) and (b) strongly dominant options that are not appropriate in the current context (prepotent competition). These types of competition are ubiquitous during language production. In this work, we investigate the neural mechanisms that allow individuals to effectively manage these cognitive control demands and to quickly choose words with few errors. Using fMRI, we directly contrast underdetermined and prepotent competition within the same task (verb generation) for the first time, allowing localization of the neural substrates supporting the resolution of these two types of competition. Using a neural network model, we investigate the possible mechanisms by which these brain regions support selection. Together, our findings demonstrate that all competition is not alike: resolving prepotent competition and resolving underdetermined competition rely on partly dissociable neural substrates and mechanisms. Specifically, activation of left ventrolateral pFC is specific to resolving underdetermined competition between multiple appropriate responses, most likely via competitive lateral inhibition. In contrast, activation of left dorsolateral pFC is sensitive to both underdetermined competition and prepotent competition from response options that are inappropriate in the current context. This region likely provides top–down support for task-relevant responses, which enables them to out-compete prepotent responses in the selection process that occurs in left ventrolateral pFC.
Bursaphelenchus posterovulvus sp. n. (Nematoda: Parasitaphelenchidae) in packaging wood from Singapore
Authors: Gu Jianfeng , Wang Ning , He Jie , Wang Jiangling , Chen Xianfeng , Wang Xuan 
Published: April 2014

Bursaphelenchus posterovulvussp. n., isolated in Ningbo, P.R. China, from non-coniferous packaging wood from Singapore is described. It is characterised by a slim body (a = 24-43), lip region strongly offset, stylet with prominent and strongly sclerotised basal swellings, lateral field with four lines, excretory pore located at level of median bulb, hemizonid 30-40 μm posterior to excretory pore, vulva at 82-86% of total body length, post-uterine branch extending forcatwo-thirds of vulva-anus distance, female tail conical and short (c′ = 2.3-3.0) with a pointed terminus, spicules short (11-16 μm) and slightly arcuate, rostrum blunt and relatively short, dorsal and ventral limbs conspicuous and their distal ends separated, three pairs of ventro-sublateral papillae and a single precloacal papilla. The new species is distinguished from otherBursaphelenchusspecies by morphology, ITS-RFLP patterns and phylogenetic analyses.
Nematicidal activity of Auxarthron reticulatum DY-2 against the pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus mucronatus
Authors: Oh In-Jae , Ju Wan-Taek , Kim Young-Ju , Jung Woo-Jin , Kim Kil-Yong , Park Ro-Dong 
Published: April 2014

Auxarthron reticulatumDY-2 was isolated from field soils in Jeonnam Province, South Korea, and its culture filtrate was active as a bionematicide agent against the pine wood nematodeBursaphelenchus mucronatus. The nematicidal activity againstB. mucronatuswas proportional to the concentration of the culture filtrate. The nematicidal compounds, dimethyl fumarate and bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, were isolated and identified fromA. reticulatumDY-2 culture filtrate using silica gel column chromatography combined with high performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The bioassays on nematicidal activity revealed that bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate and dimethyl fumarate at 1% concentration resulted in 70 and 100% mortality ofB. mucronatus, respectively, after 48 h exposure. This is the first report that these two compounds exhibit a property of nematicidal activity, especially onBursaphelenchusspp.
Three new species in Calamus sect. Podocephalus (Arecaceae: Calamoideae) from the Philippines, Indonesia, and Papua New Guinea
Authors: FERNANDO EDWINO SAMSON 
Published: April 2014

Three new species in Calamus sect. Podocephalus (Arecaceae: Calamoideae) are described and illustrated: Calamus daemonoropoides from the Philippines, Calamus parutan from East Java and Bali, Indonesia, and Calamus zieckii from Papua and West Papua, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. These are compared with similar species in the section.
Checklist of Braconinae species of Turkey (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)
Authors: BEYARSLAN AHMET 
Published: April 2014

The Braconinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) species recorded from Turkey are listed, the present total number being 195. Changes with respect to the previous Turkish fauna are briefly annotated and the distributions for all the species in each of the 68 biogeographical provinces are presented. After the publication of our previous fauna, 173 species have been recorded as new to Turkey. Of these, 96 species are distributed only in Asian Turkey and 14 species are distributed only in European Turkey, while 85 species occure in both. The presented checklist covers synonyms, zoogeographical region(s), hosts, host plants of host species and parasitoid data for the species. In total, 195 species belonging 9 genera are reported for the studied regions of Turkey. The number of species of each genus is represented by: Atanycolus Foester, 1862: 4, Baryproctus Ashmead, 1900: 1, Bracon Fabricius, 1804: 149, Ceratobracon Telenga, 1936: 1, Coeloides Wesmael,1838: 2, Glyptomorpha Holmgren, 1868: 7, Iphiaulax Foerster, 1862: 9, Pseudovipio Szépligeti, 1896: 9, Vipio Latreille, 1804: 13 species. Bracon (Asiabracon) amaculatus Beyarslan, 1988 is synonymized with B. (A.) quadrimaculatus Telenga, 1936.
A Compact Model for the Stability Dependency of TKE Production–Destruction–Conversion Terms Valid for the Whole Range of Richardson Numbers
Authors: Ďurán Ivan Bašták , Geleyn Jean-François , Váňa Filip 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Recently, observational and numerical evidence has accumulated against the concept of a critical Richardson number Ricr beyond which too-stable stratification would extinguish turbulence. It also appeared that the characteristics of the “weak turbulent regime” where the Prandtl number σt increases proportionally to the Richardson number Ri can be explained via the conservation of total turbulent energy in a strongly anisotropic flow. Having a “No Ri(cr)” situation together with due consideration of the anisotropy thus leads to the correct asymptotic behavior at high stabilities in several recent proposals [revisit of the Mellor–Yamada basic system, non-Reynolds-type quasi-normal scale elimination (QNSE) theory, and energy and flux budget (EFB) theory leading to a fully self-consistent hierarchy of increasingly prognostic schemes]. The present work derives a simple unique analytical framework for these various alternatives, simplifying, in two complementary but surprisingly converging ways, the revisited Mellor–Yamada formulation and emulating with high accuracy the relevant solutions within QNSE and EFB. The simplification or emulation steps differ from one case to the next, but the obtained common framework is very compact, valid for Ri going from −∞ to +∞, depending only on four free parameters and on three “functional dependencies.” Each functional dependency corresponds either to a constant value or to a regular function of the flux Richardson number Rif depending on the complexity of the considered hypotheses. Four realizations of this codification are representative of all related possibilities, the analytical scheme thus possessing high transversal validity. Extension toward higher-order solutions and/or moist turbulence can be envisaged in such a unified framework.
Evaluation of Trigger Functions for Convective Parameterization Schemes Using Observations
Authors: Suhas E. , Zhang Guang J. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Realistic simulation of different modes of atmospheric variability ranging from diurnal cycle to interannual variation in global climate models (GCMs) depends crucially on the convection trigger criteria. In this study, using the data from constrained variational analysis by the Atmospheric System Research program for single-column models (SCM), the performance of the commonly used convective trigger functions in GCMs is evaluated based on the equitable threat score (ETS) value, a widely used forecast verification metric. From the ETS score, three consistently better-performing trigger functions were identified. They are based on the dilute and undilute convective available potential energy (CAPE) generation rate from large-scale forcing in the free troposphere (hereafter dCAPE) and parcel buoyancy at the lifting condensation level (Bechtold scheme). The key variables used to define these trigger functions are examined in detail. It is found that the dilute dCAPE trigger function performs the best consistently in both the tropical and midlatitude convective environment. Analysis of the composite fields of key variables of the trigger functions, based on the correct prediction, overprediction and underprediction of convection, and correct prediction of no-convection cases for convective onset, brings to light some critical factors responsible for the performance of the trigger functions. The lower-tropospheric advective forcing in dilute dCAPE trigger and vertical velocity in Bechtold trigger are identified to be the most importance ones. Suggestions are offered for further improvements.