bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the variability of root system architecture under drought stress in heat-tolerant spring-wheat lines
Authors: Asadullah  , Kalhoro Shahmir Ali , Farhad Wajid , Iqbal Azhar , Sultan  , Waheed Abdul , Rashid Muhammad , Shah Syed Rehmat Ullah 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background and aims
Global wheat production is under threat due to climate change, specifically heat and drought and their combination. This study aims to address the root trait responses of heat-tolerant wheat genotypes to drought.

Methods
The variability in root traits of CIMMYT wheat lines, which were previously developed for heat stress tolerance (HTWL), was evaluated alongside 10 Pakistani-approved varieties under three cultivation conditions and soil moisture levels.

Results
Our findings revealed that the plasticity of the wheat root system is highly pronounced, with rhizosphere conditions exerting a more substantial influence (5–49%) than the genotypic response (1–14%). Furthermore, in the hydroponic and pot system, we noted higher maximum-root length (1.5–1.8 fold) and root-to-shoot ratio (3.4–10.6 fold) as compared to field condition, while the root biomass was substantially higher in the field trial (3-57 fold). Nonetheless, persistent drought conditions exerted contrasting impact with reduction in most of the traits except specific root length and harvest index which were increased under drought.

Conclusions
The variation in root traits against drought indicates the potential for the development of improved genotypes that can withstand multiple stresses. Furthermore, it is crucial to consider rhizosphere conditions when selecting genotypes, as the plasticity of wheat roots may lead to misinterpretations if rhizosphere conditions are disregarded. Root dry weight and root-to-shoot ratio are more stable traits as compared to maximum root length and specific root length. It is recommended to evaluate a broader range of rhizosphere conditions to select tolerant genotypes.
Voluntary disclosures by activist investors: the role of activist expectations*
Authors: McDonough Ryan , Nagar Venky , Schoenfeld Jordan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractActivist investors in a firm often voluntarily release information about their governance intentions to the public. Voluntary disclosure theory suggests that an activist investor will disclose when she expects other investors to respond positively and support her in upcoming corporate control contests. We find that activists’ disclosures are accompanied by positive abnormal returns, reductions in bid-ask spreads, and increases in future earnings relative to similar targets without voluntary activist disclosures. Disclosures by activists who demand a board seat (the most common demand) have the highest announcement returns, and disclosers also win proxy contests and directorships more frequently than non-disclosers. These findings suggest that the activist’s beliefs about investor response in both pricing and voting are an important driver of her disclosure choice.
Fluorometric detection of β-carotene with novel green synthesis carbon quantum dot from Asphodelus
Authors: Hergül Bilgin Adile Yagmur , Bozkurt Ebru 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAsphodelus-based CQDs were successfully synthesized in a single step by the hydrothermal synthesis method for detection of β-carotene. TEM, XRD, FTIR, XPS, Zeta potential, UV–Vis absorption and fluorescence measurements were taken to structurally and optically characterize the newly synthesized CQDs. It was determined that the characterized CQDs show high selectivity and sensitivity only to β-carotene among 11 different biomolecules. The detection limit of CQDs for β-carotene was calculated as 8.28 µM. It was determined that the new CQDs respond very quickly and stably without interfering with any other biomolecules. The studies in different pH environments exhibited that CQDs can detect β-carotene at all pH studied. Real sample experiments show that β-carotene can be determined accurately and reliably in practical applications with the novel CQDs. It was thought that the results obtained from this study will make significant contributions to the studies on β-carotene detection, which are limited in the literature.
Newly qualified teachers in the eyes of principals: Moving beyond deficit perspectives
Authors: Lundberg Adrian , Collberg Philippe , Lindh Christina 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFeelings of shock, a difficult professional socialization process and unrealistic expectations create a challenging career entry phase for teachers. Too many newly qualified teachers feel stressed and leave the profession early, leading to a lingering teacher shortage. Much research in the field and many well-meant support interventions follow a deficit perspective and overlook newly qualified teachers’ potential for school development. This study aimed to better understand how school principals, a crucial but comparatively under-researched stakeholder group, characterize newly qualified teachers’ competences. Q methodology was selected to holistically study the views of 24 principals of compulsory schools in Southern Sweden without imposing any potentially deficit-oriented categories. Following standard protocol and enriched with interviews, four distinct factors were identified and qualitatively interpreted. Results show that newly qualified teachers are perceived as confident and well-prepared concerning pedagogical and didactical aspects of their profession. Regarding the use of digital tools, they are regarded as assets for school development, while diversity management and relationship-building emerged as areas of improvement. Based on our findings, we argue for more practical elements during campus-based pre-service teacher education and an intensified focus on reflective teacher identity development. Teachers’ career entry phase should be treated as a specific area of in-service teachers’ professional development at teacher education institutions, where a strengthened cooperation with employing schools will be particularly important. We expect these adaptations to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of support matters and provide future avenues that acknowledge newly qualified teachers’ expertise.
When boys and girls make their first career decisions: Exploring the role of gender and field in high school major choice
Authors: Slobodin Ortal , Samuha Tzvia , Hannona-Saban Adi , Katz Idit 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAlthough choosing a high school major is often adolescents’ first significant career decision, little is known about the factors that enable adolescents to choose a high school major autonomously (i.e., a major that reflects their values and preferences) or the familial and individual constellations that affect this decision. The current study examined the mediating role of adolescents’ identity processing style in the association between perceived parental need support and adolescents’ level of autonomous motivation when choosing their high school major. Second, we examined whether these proposed relationships differed for gender-stereotyped and non-stereotyped fields. The sample was composed of 571 9th -grade students (296 boys) who self-reported their perceived parental need support, motivation for choosing a high school major, identity processing style, and their preference for a high school major. Results showed that an informative identity style mediated the relationship between parental need support and adolescents’ autonomous motivation. Gender played a moderating role in this relationship so boys’ autonomous motivation for choosing a non-STEM major was more strongly linked to parental support than girls’ motivation to make a similar choice. In contrast, girls’ autonomous motivation for choosing a STEM major was more strongly related to the provision of parental support than boys. These findings emphasize the importance of nuanced parental need-support considering the students’ gender and major (STEM vs. non-STEM) and the need to promote self-exploration when deciding on a high school major.
An Efficient Method to Compute Capillary Pressure Functions and Saturation-Dependent Permeabilities in Porous Domains Spanning Several Length Scales
Authors: Becker Dominik , Steiner Konrad , Rief Stefan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA method for calculating capillary pressure functions and saturation-dependent permeabilities of geometries containing several length scales is presented. The method does not require the exact geometries of the smaller length scales. Instead, it requires the effective two-phase flow parameters. It does this by generating phase distributions that form static equilibria at a selected capillary pressure value, similar to pore-morphology methods. Within a porous material, the effective parameters are used to obtain the corresponding phase saturation. It is shown how these phase distributions can be used in geometries spanning several length scales to calculate the capillary pressure function and saturation-dependent permeabilities. The method is tested on a geometry containing a simple isotropic porous material and it is applied to a complex textile stack geometry from a liquid composite molding process. In this geometry, three different length scales can be distinguished. The effective two-phase flow parameters of the textile stack are calculated by the proposed method, avoiding expensive simulations.
Enhancing visible light photocatalytic activity of holmium doped g-C3N4 and DFT theoretical insights
Authors: Yavuz Adem , Aydin Didem , Disli Besime , Ozturk Teoman , Gul Berna , Gubbuk Ilkay Hilal , Ersoz Mustafa 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn the search of novel photocatalysts to increase the effect of visible light in photocatalysis, g-C3N4 (CN) has become a shining star. Rare earth metals have been used as dopant material to reinforce the photocatalytic activity of CN due to their unique electron configuration recently. In this present study, the pure and different amounts of Ho-doped g-C3N4 (HoCN) photocatalysts were successfully synthesized using urea as a precursor by the one-pot method. Morphological, structural, optical, and vibrational properties of the synthesized photocatalysts were characterized by SEM, EDX, XRD, TGA, XPS, FTIR, PL, TRPL, Raman, DRS, and BET analyses. In addition, theoretical calculations using density functional theory (DFT) were meticulously carried out to delve the changes in the structural and electronic structure of CN with holmium doping. According to calculations, the chemical potential, electrophilicity, and chemical softness are higher for HoCN, while HOMO–LUMO gap, dipole moment, and the chemical hardness are lower for the pure one. Thus, holmium doping becomes desirable with low chemical hardness which indicates more effectivity and smaller HOMO–LUMO gap designate high chemical reactivity. To determine the photocatalytic efficiency of the pure and doped CN photocatalysts, the degradation of methylene blue (MB) was monitored under visible light. The results indicate that holmium doping has improved the photocatalytic activities of CN samples. Most strikingly, this improvement is noticeable for the 0.2 mmol doped CN sample that showed two times better photocatalytic activity than the pure one.
Exploring the role of microRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in canine mammary tumors
Authors: Ferreira Tiago , da Costa Rui M. Gil , Dias Francisca , Gama Adelina , Gaspar Vítor M. , Mano João F. , Oliveira Paula A. , Medeiros Rui 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCanine mammary tumors (CMTs) represent a significant health concern in dogs, with a high incidence among intact female dogs. CMTs are a promising comparative model for human breast cancer, due to sharing several pathophysiological features. Additionally, CMTs have a strong genetic correlation with their human counterpart, including the expression of microRNAs (miRNAs). MiRNAs are a class of non-coding RNAs that play important roles in post-translational regulation of gene expression, being implicated in carcinogenesis, tumor progression, and metastasis. Moreover, miRNAs hold promise as diagnostic, prognostic, and metastatic biomarkers. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying CMTs is crucial for improving diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of treatments. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge on miRNAs in CMTs, highlighting their roles in carcinogenesis and their potential as biomarkers. Additionally, we highlight the current limitations and critically discuss the overarching challenges in this field, emphasizing the need for future research to translate miRNA findings into veterinary clinical practice.
Comprehensive analysis of social subcategories throughout life cycle assessment approach for the textile industry
Authors: Fidan Fatma Şener , Aydoğan Emel Kızılkaya , Uzal Nigmet 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
While the environmental and economic aspects of sustainability have been extensively studied, social sustainability has been largely neglected and necessitates a thorough investigation. The study examines the intricate nature of social impact assessments, considering the substantial significance of the textile industry in the global economy and its wide-ranging social implications. This study comprehensively examines critical social subcategories used in the life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology to highlight the social sustainability of the textile sector. The objective of the study is to enhance and optimize the subcategories proposed by UNEP/SETAC for social LCA by examining, expanding, and adapting them specifically to the textile industry, offering a more focused and sector-specific viewpoint on key metrics.

Methods
The study examines its use in textile production and distribution by first carefully evaluating the subcategories established by UNEP/SETAC for social LCA. A systematic assessment of positive and negative social impacts throughout the entire supply chain is examined through global standards, textile-specific standards, and literature. Analysis of semi-structured stakeholder interviews and a comprehensive literature review reveals important social subcategories, some of which go beyond the S-LCA guidelines.

Results
New social metrics, including quality, women’s rights, gender pay gap, collaboration with NGOs, academic research, circularity implementation, and environmental issues, were formulated from stakeholders’ perspectives, tailored specifically for the textile sector.

Conclusions
The results of the study aim to promote a socially sustainable textile industry by guiding stakeholders to make informed decisions and adopt methods that prioritize social responsibility as well as environmental and economic factors.
Oblivion: an open-source system for large-scale analysis of macro-based office malware
Authors: Sanna Alessandro , Cara Fabrizio , Maiorca Davide , Giacinto Giorgio 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMacro-based Office files have been extensively used as infection vectors to embed malware. In particular, VBA macros allow leveraging kernel functions and system routines to execute or remotely drop malicious payloads, and they are typically heavily obfuscated to make static analysis unfeasible. Current state-of-the-art approaches focus on discriminating between malicious and benign Office files by performing static and dynamic analysis directly on obfuscated macros, focusing mainly on detection rather than reversing. Namely, the proposed methods lack an in-depth analysis of the embedded macros, thus losing valuable information about the attack families, the embedded scripts, and the contacted external resources. In this paper, we propose Oblivion, an open-source framework for large-scale analysis of Office macros, to fill in this gap. Oblivion performs instrumentation of macros and executes them in a virtualized environment to de-obfuscate and reconstruct their behavior. Moreover, it can automatically and quickly interact with macros by extracting the embedded PowerShell and non-PowerShell attacks and reconstructing the whole macro behavior. This is the main scope of our analysis: we are more interested in retrieving specific behavioural patterns than detecting maliciousness per se. We performed a large-scale analysis of more than 30,000 files that constitute a representative corpus of attacks. Results show that Oblivion could efficiently de-obfuscate malicious macros by revealing a large corpus of PowerShell and non-PowerShell attacks. We measured that this efficiency can be quantified in an analysis time of less than 1 min per sample, on average. Moreover, we characterize such attacks by pointing out frequent attack patterns and employed obfuscation strategies. We finally release the information obtained from our dataset with our tool.
Metal Trade and Contraband: Archaeological Discoveries and Insights from the Nanhai No.1 Merchant Shipwreck
Authors: Zhang Yekun , Xie Meizi , Wang Yuanlin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe archaeological evidence from the Nanhai No.1 shipwreck provides tangible evidence for the study of maritime trade during the Song Dynasty, revealing the presence of a significant amount of smuggled metal in the cargo, suggesting possible involvement in smuggling activities. Merchants may have used tactics such as under-reporting and clandestine transportation of prohibited items to evade supervision, thus engaging in the illicit trade of metal materials and artifacts banned by the Song government on the international market. Valuations of the goods recovered from Nanhai No.1 indicate that the value of iron and silver exceeds that of porcelain, while the value of gold objects and currency exceeds that of porcelain by one-third. Research also suggests a possible shift in the model of maritime trade during the Song Dynasty, from government-led to merchant-led, with a gradual weakening of government supervision and control over trade. This change may be related to reforms in trade organization and the government leniency toward prohibited activities. Despite repeated government bans, smuggling of metal goods continued throughout the Song Dynasty, with no significant reduction in the scale of the metal trade due to the profit-seeking behavior of private merchants, highlighting the inadequacy of government control over illegal smuggling activities. This complex interplay between economic gain, national security, private interests and government control had profound implications for China, the broader South China Sea region and beyond, while the outflow of metal artifacts also facilitated the exchange of goods, technology and culture between China and the aforementioned regions.
Climatology and circulation conditions of potential foehn occurrence in the Polish Tatra Mountains
Authors: Grajek Zofia , Bednorz Ewa 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Foehn wind occurrence has generated great interest among researchers because of the destructive power and impact on the local climate. Based on anemometric data provided by a high-mountain station on Kasprowy Wierch in the Polish Tatra Mountains, the characteristics of the potential occurrence of foehn wind (referred to as halny in the Polish Tatras) are presented, including its speed and duration, as well as the frequency of occurrence on a multiannual, annual and daily basis. Halny winds occur most frequently in the cold period of the year (Oct–Feb), with the frequency peaking in November, and sporadically in the summer. The occurrence of foehn winds is strongly dependent on the synoptic situation. Therefore, the main aim of the study was to identify the circulation conditions conducive to their occurrence on the Polish side of the Tatra Mountains. Circulation conditions responsible for foehn formation were analysed using gridded sea level pressure (SLP) data from the NCEP-DOE (National Centers for Environmental Prediction-Department of Energy) reanalyses. The occurrence of foehn wind in the Tatra Mountains is associated with a low pressure system over north-western Europe, and above normal pressure over south-eastern Europe. The location and intensity of the centres of atmospheric influence on foehn days can vary, as indicated by the three types of pressure systems favouring the occurrence of the phenomenon, distinguished by the hierarchical grouping method. In type 1, the cyclonic centre spreads over northern Europe, in type 2 over western Europe and in type 3 over north-western Europe. In types 1 and 3, the air masses come from the south-west, and in type 2 more from the south. Type 3 is characterised by the greatest horizontal pressure gradients among the three circulation types and with the greatest SLP anomalies.
First Molecular Identification and Clinical Presentation of Crenosomosis in a Dog from Slovakia
Authors: Kaduková Michaela , Kožár Martin , Schreiberová Andrea , Šišková Barbora , Štrkolcová Gabriela 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Crenosoma vulpis (Dujardin,1845) is a lungworm which has spread worldwide in canines and is associated with upper respiratory infections. In a majority of cases, the infections are accompanied with chronic cough. Diagnosis of lungworms is often underdiagnosed and can be misinterpreted as other respiratory diseases.

Methods
The Small Animal Clinic of the University Veterinary Hospital admitted an 11-month-old dog presented with persistent cough associated with difficulty in breathing and even asphyxia. Based on clinical symptoms, the patient underwent radiological and bronchoscopic examination. Bronchoscopy revealed the presence of lungworms obturating the branches of the tracheobronchial tree. Larvae were collected by bronchoscopic lavage and subjected to parasitological and molecular examination.

Results
Microscopic detection and morphological identification of the worms removed during the bronchoscopy confirmed the presence of female adult worms. The subsequent molecular characterisation of the mitochondrial (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene (cox1) and 12S ribosomal DNA (rDNA)), nuclear (18S rDNA) genes, as well as the analysis of the second internal transcribed spacer (ITS-2) region of the ribosomal DNA, confirmed the Crenosoma vulpis species. Faecal samples were processed using the Baermann method, which confirmed the presence of the larval stage 1 of C. vulpis. The therapy with fenbendazole at a dose of 50 mg/kg of live weight once daily for the period of 7 days was initiated for the patient.

Conclusion
This paper presents the first molecularly confirmed clinical case of a Crenosoma vulpis infection in an 11-month-old female dog of the Miniature Schnauzer breed in Slovakia.