bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Satire and definition
Authors: Condren Conal 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis paper explores some of the difficulties involved in defining satire.Neither the formal characteristics of satire nor its informing purposes, including its variable associations with humour and the provocation of amusement allow for a unifying definition over the long term. It considers a range of approaches to and types of definition and takes as a principle example the notion of Menippean satire. It argues that a characterisation in terms of family resemblance is more helpful for a strictly historical understanding than formal definitions and that it is misleading to take satire as a genre, let along a literary one. Throughout it also suggests that the case of satire tells us something about definition and the often naïve expectations of what definitions can establish.
Humor use in power-differentiated interactions
Authors: Dunbar Norah E. , Banas John A. , Rodriguez Dariela , Liu Shr-Jie , Abra Gordon 
Published: May 2015

AbstractHumor serves a variety of functions in interpersonal communication, including the release of tension and the diffusion of conflict. Based on Dyadic Power Theory (Dunbar 2004; Dunbar and Abra 2010), it is predicted that interactants of equal power will use more humor and different types of humor than those either relatively high or low in power as compared to their partners. The present study analyzed experimentally manipulated problem-solving interactions between research participants (N = 150) and confederate strangers. Participants used a mean of 8 humorous statements in interactions that lasted for a mean of 15 minutes. The results revealed that power did not influence the amount of humor used overall but those who were equal in power used more tension-releasing humor than those unequal in power. Additionally, those with equal power or high power positions were more likely to use humor to disparage the task or laugh along with their partner than those low in power. Humor use did not affect the participants' satisfaction with the interaction, but those who laughed along with their partner exerted more influence over the outcome of the problem-solving task. Although not hypothesized, some sex differences in types of humor use also emerged.
Childhood experiences of professional comedians: Peer and parent relationships and humor use
Authors: Greengross Gil , Martin Rod A. , Miller Geoffrey 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis study examines a commonly held belief, left over from psychoanalytic theories of humor as a coping mechanism, that relationships with parents strongly influence comedians' temperaments and career choices. Thirty one professional stand-up comedians and 400 students completed the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), which concerns recollected parental care and protectiveness, and a new self-report questionnaire that measures popularity and humor use among peers during adolescence. Results show that comedians' parents did not differ from students' parents in care or protectiveness, and comedians did not differ from students in adolescent popularity, but comedians did use more humor among adolescent peers (were more likely to be class clowns, make fun of others, laugh at themselves, and be the butt of jokes). The results suggest that stand-up comedians do not differ much from ordinary college students in their parental or adolescence peer relationships.
Early maladaptive schemas, styles of humor and aggression
Authors: Dozois David J. A. , Martin Rod A. , Faulkner Breanne 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe relationship between early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) and psychopathology is thought to be mediated by the use of maladaptive compensatory coping and deficits in adaptive coping. One form of coping that might be affected by EMSs is an individual's style of humor, which can be adaptive or maladaptive. This study examined the relationships among EMS domains, styles of humor, and aggression. The EMS domain of Impaired Limits was most consistently related to aggression. Moreover, as predicted, an aggressive style of humor mediated the relationship between Impaired Limits and various aspects of aggression (i.e., verbal, physical, and hostility). In addition, self-defeating humor mediated the respective relationships between hostility and EMS domains of Impaired Limits, Disconnection, and Impaired Autonomy. Taken together, these results suggest that maladaptive humor styles may play an important role as one of the mechanisms by which early maladaptive schemas lead to later emotional and functional disturbance.
A second look at laughter: Humor in the visual arts
Authors: Gérin Annie 
Published: May 2015

AbstractResponding to current practices in the field of contemporary art, this essay is a study on humor research methodology as it pertains specifically to artistic propositions. It draws on art historical methods for visual analysis (in particular Erwin Panofsky's iconological method and Ernst Gombrich's psychology of perception) and on the General Theory of Verbal Humor (GTVH), developed by Salvatore Attardo and Victor Raskin in 1991 for the analysis of jokes and short humorous texts. It argues that mechanisms specific to the visual domain must be central to the study of humor in the visual arts.
Humor styles as a predictor of satisfaction within sport teams
Authors: Sullivan Philip 
Published: May 2015

AbstractRecent research has suggested that humor styles of individuals may be a significant issue within group functioning (e.g., Grisaffe et al. 2003; Priest and Swain 2002). The current study focused on humor styles as a predictor of athletes' satisfaction of their experiences in team sports. One hundred and forty-eight team sport athletes completed modified versions of the Humor Styles Questionnaire (HSQ) and the Athlete Satisfaction Questionnaire (ASQ). The results of multiple linear regression models revealed that positive humor style was the sole significant predictor for athlete satisfaction with respect to both team task contributions and team integration. These results showed that humor styles may be a significant, if minor, constructive element within sport, as they are in other team contexts.
Evolutionary Stable Strategies In Networked Games: The Influence Of Topology
Authors: Kasthurirathna Dharshana , Piraveenan Mahendra , Uddin Shahadat 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Evolutionary game theory is used to model the evolution of competing strategies in a population of players. Evolutionary stability of a strategy is a dynamic equilibrium, in which any competing mutated strategy would be wiped out from a population. If a strategy is weak evolutionarily stable, the competing strategy may manage to survive within the network. Understanding the network-related factors that affect the evolutionary stability of a strategy would be critical in making accurate predictions about the behaviour of a strategy in a real-world strategic decision making environment. In this work, we evaluate the effect of network topology on the evolutionary stability of a strategy. We focus on two well-known strategies known as the Zero-determinant strategy and the Pavlov strategy. Zero-determinant strategies have been shown to be evolutionarily unstable in a well-mixed population of players. We identify that the Zero-determinant strategy may survive, and may even dominate in a population of players connected through a non-homogeneous network. We introduce the concept of ‘topological stability’ to denote this phenomenon. We argue that not only the network topology, but also the evolutionary process applied and the initial distribution of strategies are critical in determining the evolutionary stability of strategies. Further, we observe that topological stability could affect other well-known strategies as well, such as the general cooperator strategy and the cooperator strategy. Our observations suggest that the variation of evolutionary stability due to topological stability of strategies may be more prevalent in the social context of strategic evolution, in comparison to the biological context.
A New Approach For Discovering Top-K Sequential Patterns Based On The Variety Of Items
Authors: Sakurai Shigeaki , Nishizawa Minoru 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
This paper proposes a method that discovers various sequential patterns from sequential data. The sequential data is a set of sequences. Each sequence is a row of item sets. Many previous methods discover frequent sequential patterns from the data. However, the patterns tend to be similar to each other because they are composed of limited items. The patterns do not always correspond to the interests of analysts. Therefore, this paper tackles on the issue discovering various sequential patterns. The proposed method decides redundant sequential patterns by evaluating the variety of items and deletes them based on three kinds of delete processes. It can discover various sequential patterns within the upper bound for the number of sequential patterns given by the analysts. This paper applies the method to the synthetic sequential data which is characterized by number of items, their kind, and length of sequence. The effect of the method is verified through numerical experiments.
Maxwellian velocity distributions in slow time
Authors: Essex Christopher , Andresen Bjarne 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
We extend Maxwellian velocity distributions to long observational timescales in much the same way that short timescale statistical mechanics distributions are averaged to yield normal laboratory timescale thermodynamic distributions. This
long timescale view has several novel effects: Fluctuating overall velocities (i.e. “wind”) thermalizes into an additional component of temperature, while returning a Maxwellian velocity distribution. However, fluctuating temperature results in a new distribution with a Gaussian core but heavy polynomial tails. The power of the polynomial tail is either -3 or -2 depending on whether the precision of the temperature is allowed to extend to ± infinity or is required to remain strictly positive. The distribution is also interesting in the way it remains almost exactly Gaussian up to a certain velocity after which it quickly breaks off to become polynomial. The distributions are carefully analyzed mathematically, and physical consequences are drawn.
Improved molecularly imprinted polymer grafted to porous polyethylene frits for the solid-phase extraction of thiabendazole from citrus sample extracts
Authors: Díaz-Álvarez Myriam , Turiel Esther 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn this paper, the improvement over a novel
format for selective solid-phase extraction based on a
molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) is described. A small
amount of MIP has been synthesized within the superficial
pores of commercial polyethylene (PE) frits and attached
to its surface using benzophenone (BP), a photo-initiator
capable to start the polymerization from the surface of the
support material. Key properties affecting the obtainment
of a proper polymeric layer, such as polymerization
time and kind of cross-linker were optimized. Prepared
composite material was applied to the SPE of TBZ in real
samples extracts, showing an impressive clean-up ability.
Calibrations showed good linearity in the concentration
range of 0.05–5.00 μg g-1, referred to the original solid
sample, and the regression coefficients obtained were
greater than 0.998. The calculated detection limit was 0.01
μg g-1, low enough to satisfactory analysis of TBZ in real
samples. Mean recoveries were about 70 % at different
concentration levels with RSDs always ranged below 15%
in all the cases.
Spectral Induced Polarization Techniques in Soil Corrosivity Assessments
Authors: Deo Ravin N. , Cull James P. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
We presented a laboratory method for investigating the spectral induced polarization (SIP) response of soil samples and the implications for overall soil corrosivity. This study was important in order to advance the understanding of soil electrical properties, which can be used diagnostically to assess infrastructure integrity. Presently, isolated measurements of soil resistivity are the only (electrical) parameters that are routinely used to identify soil corrosivity. Our work showed that the low frequency soil spectral properties may lead to better soil corrosivity assessments when coupled effects from clay and salinity were present. In particular, unfolding and interpreting the soil spectral properties using the Cole-Cole model revealed that the normalized chargeability parameter mn was highly appropriate for identifying the character of potentially corrosive soils.
Leptin Induces a Novel Form of NMDA Receptor-Dependent LTP at Hippocampal Temporoammonic-CA1 Synapses
Authors: Luo Xiao , McGregor Gemma , Irving Andrew J. , Harvey Jenni 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIt is well documented that the hormone leptin regulates many central functions and that hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons are a key target for leptin action. Indeed, leptin modulates excitatory synaptic transmission and synaptic plasticity at the Schaffer-collateral input to CA1 neurons. However the impact of leptin on the direct temporoammonic (TA) input to CA1 neurons is not known. Here we show that leptin evokes a long-lasting increase [long-term potentiation (LTP)] in excitatory synaptic transmission at TA-CA1 synapses in rat juvenile hippocampus. Leptin-induced LTP was NMDA receptor-dependent and specifically involved the activation of GluN2B subunits. The signaling pathways underlying leptin-induced LTP involve the activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase, but were independent of the ERK signaling cascade. Moreover, insertion of GluA2-lacking AMPA receptors was required for leptin-induced LTP as prior application of philanthotoxin prevented the effects of leptin. In addition, synaptic-induced LTP occluded the persistent increase in synaptic efficacy induced by leptin. In conclusion, these data indicate that leptin induces a novel form of NMDA receptor-dependent LTP at juvenile TA-CA1 synapses, which has important implications for the role of leptin in modulating hippocampal synaptic function in health and disease.
Breast cancer risk in hyperprolactinemia: a population-based cohort study and meta-analysis of the literature
Authors: Dekkers O M , Ehrenstein V , Bengtsen M , Farkas D Kormendine , Pereira A M , Sørensen H T , Jørgensen J O L 
Published: May 2015

ObjectiveTo enhance the precision of the risk estimate for breast cancer in hyperprolactinemia patients by collecting more data and pooling our results with available data from former studies in a meta-analysis.DesignPopulation-based cohort study and meta-analysis of the literature.MethodsUsing nationwide registries, we identified all patients with a first-time diagnosis of hyperprolactinemia during 1994–2012 including those with a new breast cancer diagnoses after the start of follow-up. We calculated standardised incidence ratios (SIRs) as a measure of relative risk (RR) using national cancer incidence rates. We performed a meta-analysis, combining data from our study with data in the existing literature.ResultsWe identified 2457 patients with hyperprolactinemia and 20 breast cancer cases during 19 411 person-years of follow-up, yielding a SIR of 0.99 (95% CI 0.60–1.52). Data from two additional cohort studies were retrieved and analyzed. When the three risk estimates were pooled, the combined RR was 1.04 (95% CI 0.75–1.43).ConclusionsWe found no increased risk of breast cancer among patients with hyperprolactinemia.
Distribution and floral hosts of Anthophorula micheneri (Timberlake, 1947) and Hylaeus sparsus (Cresson, 1869), (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila), with new state records in Giles and Loudoun counties, Virginia, eastern USA
Authors: Sellers Elizabeth , McCarthy David 
Published: May 2015

New collection records for Anthophorula micheneri (Timberlake, 1947) from Loudoun County and other locations in Virginia, USA document an approximately 1,350 km extension of its previously recorded geographic range. New state records for the rarely seen Hylaeus sparsus (Cresson, 1869) collected in Giles County and from a blue vane trap in Loudoun County, Virginia add to our knowledge of this species’ range and phenology in the USA. Floral records for both species are documented with a discussion of possible host preferences.
Neue Arzneimittel für Pferde und landwirtschaftliche Nutztiere 2014
Authors: Emmerich I. U. 
Published: May 2015

ZusammenfassungIm Jahr 2014 kam für Pferde und landwirtschaftliche Nutztiere kein neuer Wirkstoff auf den deutschen Markt. Lediglich ein Wirkstoff erhielt eine Tierartenerweiterung. So wurde das Analgetikum Buprenorphin (Buprenodale® Multidose) auch für Pferde zugelassen. Außerdem kamen vier Präparate in einer neuen Darreichungsform, je ein Arzneimittel mit einem neuen Wirkstoffgehalt, in einer neuen Galenik bzw. mit einer erweiterten Indikation auf den Markt. Des Weiteren steht das Prostaglandin-F2α-Analogon Luprostiol wieder zur Verfügung.
Paleoceanographic Events and Lithologic/Geochemical Facies of the
Greenhorn Marine Cycle (Upper Cretaceous) Examined Using Natural Gamma-Ray
Spectrometry
Authors: Zelt Frederick B. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Field measurement of gamma-ray spectra on outcrops of Upper Cretaceous marine shale and limestone that were deposited in the Western Interior Seaway in Utah, New Mexico, and Colorado provides accurate estimates of total gamma radiation and potassium, uranium, and thorium contents. Spectrometer profiles of measured sections were combined with lithostratigraphic and biostratigraphic data to show that during Early Turonian time, potassium and thorium contents, total gamma radiation, Th/U, and K/U decreased offshore. Oxygenated bottom waters predominated within 100 km of the western paleoshoreline, whereas oxygen-depleted bottom waters were dominant more than 600 km offshore. During late Middle Turonian time, well-oxygenated bottom water may have extended across the study area. Peak transgressions are characterized by low Th/U and K/U and can be identified in outcrops and on well logs. Anomalously high Th/U and K/U near the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary and in the Coniacian may correspond to “oceanic anoxic events.” Lithologic/geochemical facies are identified on Th-U plots.
Foraminifera as Indicators of Water Mass in the Cretaceous Greenhorn Sea,
Western Interior
Authors: Eicher Don L. , Diner Richard 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The distribution of foraminifera in the Greenhorn Western Interior seaway reflects the influence of water masses from both the north and south. Three distinct benthic biofacies (arenaceous, mixed, calcareous) are recognized. As the seaway deepened a benthic fauna composed of arenaceous species was succeeded in the center of the seaway by a zone barren of benthic foraminifera and in fringing environments shoreward by a mixed biofacies. The northward expansion of the barren zone, which indicates a deoxygenated benthos, coincided with the influx of diverse planktonics of southern affinities. The distributions of the benthic biofacies and of planktonic diversities probably reflect bathymetry. The appearance of a calcareous benthic fauna at the base of the Bridge Creek Limestone Member of the Greenhorn Formation represents oxygenation of the sea floor due to increased vertical circulation. The alternation of limestones and marlstones in the Bridge Creek reflects alternations in the productivity of calcareous plankton. The limestones represent episodes of dry climate at low latitudes when large volumes of warm saline bottom water formed, stratification of the oceans weakened, and widespread upwelling boosted productivity. Marlstones represent wet climates at low latitudes when little WSBW formed, stratification of the oceans intensified, and productivity fell. The Bridge Creek foraminifera do not support the idea that a brackish lid developed periodically on the seaway.
Depositional History of the Graneros Shale (Cenomanian), Rock Canyon
Anticline
Authors: Kauffman Erle G. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The Graneros Shale at Pueblo is typical of the formation throughout the southern Colorado Front Range. It is comprised of three members: The lower shale member, middle Thatcher Limestone Member, and upper shale member. The Graneros is generally represented by dark gray, slightly to moderately silty, well-laminated, non-calcareous clay shale containing scattered low diversity benthic faunas. Many parts of the Graneros lack faunas or bioturbation. These features, and relatively high levels of organic carbon (1 - 4.2 %/wt.) suggest a predominance of quiet water, oxygen-depleted (dysaerobic), benthic environments in proximal to medial offshore settings below wave base. The Graneros Shale preserves abundant event marker beds, enhancing precise regional correlation; bentonites are especially abundant and reflect the waning stages of the largest Cretaceous (Lake Albian) volcanic episode. High-resolution stratigraphic analysis of the Graneros Shale demonstrates dynamic environmental and paleoceanographic changes during its deposition, as follows: Well-circulated, oxygenated benthic substrates within reach of storm wave base (Facies 1; base of lower shale member) grade upward into; (2) quiet water, oxygen-depleted benthic environments below wave base (lower source rock interval); to (3) moderately well-circulated and partially oxygenated substrates in quiet water settings, preserving little organic carbon at the top of the lower shale member; to (4) a rapid incursion of Subtropical, oxygenated, normal marine waters with accelerated eustatic rise; calcareous shales and pelletoid limestone characterize this interval and contain a moderately to highly diverse warm water benthic and pelagic biota (the Thatcher Limestone Member); to (5) quiet water, oxygen-depleted benthic environments preserving abundant organic material in medial offshore settings (upper shale member); and at Pueblo (6), a recirculation event in the seaway associated with incursion of warm southern waters, normalization of oxygen and salinity, and development of diverse benthic faunas. This event marks the first phase of a long pelagic carbonate-producing episode that characterizes the overlying Greenhorn Formation. Fourth-order eustatic fluctuations are thought to be the major controlling factor in major facies changes during deposition.
Foraminifera of the Cenomanian-Turonian Boundary Interval, Greenhorn
Formation, Rock Canyon Anticline, Pueblo, Colorado
Authors: Leckie R. Mark 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Seventeen samples bracketing the Cenomanian -Turonian stage boundary in the Bridge Creek Limestone (Greenhorn Formation), Pueblo, Colorado, were analyzed for planktonic and benthic foraminifera. A major turnover in the biostratigraphically important, deep-dwelling planktonic foraminifera occurred across this boundary. The Cenomanian rotaliporids were succeeded by the Turonian globotruncanids, perhaps due in part to dynamic global oceanographic developments including the expansion of an oceanic oxygen-minimum zone. Shallow-dwelling planktonic foraminifera on the other hand, were strongly influenced by regional factors (e.g. salinity) affecting the uppermost water column of the Greenhorn sea.