bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drastik und Erhabenheit
Authors: Moldenhauer Benjamin 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The essay defines two different modes of filmic violence: sublime and drastic pictures of violence. Based on the definitions of the sublime by Edmund Burke and Immanuel Kant, I argue that the sublime has the tendency to detach the viewer from possible affective end empathetic response to pictures of bodies in pain on the screen. By contrast, the drastic mode has potential to evoke empathetic reactions. Both modes are grounded in specific ways of showing violence: the sublime mode diminishes the bodies on the screen, the drastic mode shows us the faces in close-up and tries to immerse the viewer in the violence.
Both definitions are informed by phenomenological film theory (especially the works of Vivian Sobchack), which positions the body of the viewer at the centre of film reception. Nevertheless, the somatic experience is not the only scope of film reception. Films not only show us a filmic world but also suggest a more or less specific way of seeing the world outside the cinema.
To this effect, both ways of staging violence have ideological implications. The sublime violence allows the viewer to experience himself as strong and invulnerable, while drastic pictures of violence tend to victimize the viewer.
These assumptions are tested on two exemplary instances: the helicopter scene in Francis Ford Coppolas war movie Apocalypse Now and the shower scene in Alfred Hitchcock’s Psycho.
Recovery of the matrix quadratic differential pencil from the spectral data
Authors: Bondarenko Natalia 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
We consider a pencil of matrix Sturm–Liouville operators on a finite interval. We study the properties of its spectral characteristics and inverse problems that consist in the recovering of the pencil by the spectral data, that is, eigenvalues and so-called weight matrices. This inverse problem is reduced to a linear equation in a Banach space by the method of spectral mappings. A constructive algorithm for the solution of the inverse problem is provided.
Challenges in the diagnosis and prevention of viral infections
Authors: Verheyen Jens 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Diagnostic assays for detection and monitoring of virus infections have become more and more important and are widely used in routine diagnostics. In particular, the detection of newly emerging infectious diseases is challenging. In addition, travel-associated diseases caused by dengue viruses, chikungunya viruses, influenza viruses, or other viruses draw the attention of physicians. Therapeutic treatment regimens and prevention strategies can also influence the need for diagnostic assays, such as, in the case of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and human papillomavirus (HPV). Moreover, well-known virus infections, such as hepatitis E virus infections, can gain new clinical relevance.
Recommendations for the frequency of ordering laboratory testing
Authors: Orth Matthias , Aufenanger Johannes , Hoffmann Georg , Hofmann Walter , Klosson Rupert , Lichtinghagen Ralf , Otte Klaus-Martin , Stamminger Gudrun , Stiegler Yuriko , Wiegel Bernhard , Wieland Eberhard , and for the Laboratory Medicine Section of the German Societ  
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Laboratory testing is crucial for the successful medical treatment of many patients. Laboratory tests should neither be ordered too infrequently nor too frequently (in the form of repeat testing). These recommendations summarize the intervals for repeat testing based on studies, pathophysiology and consensus, in regard to both the time intervals between two tests and the additional criteria for the repeat testing. These recommendations are complemented by general principles for the indication and testing frequency of laboratory testing.
Stochastic small perturbation based simulation technique for solving isotropic elastostatics equations
Authors: Kolyukhin Dmitriy , Sabelfeld Karl K. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The paper deals with a stochastic analysis of random displacements governed by isotropic elasticity equations.
The elasticity constants are assumed to be random fields with gaussian distribution.
Under the assumption of small fluctuations of elasticity constants but not ignoring their distribution and correlation structure,
we derive the spectral tensor of the random displacement field. A randomized spectral representation is then used to simulate this random field numerically. The same approach was applied to the case of random loading. In this case, the intensity of fluctuations may be arbitrarily large.
A series of test calculations confirm the high accuracy and computational efficiency of the method.
Solubility and spectroscopic study of AnIII/LnIII in dilute to concentrated Na–Mg–Ca–Cl–NO3 solutions
Authors: Herm Michel , Gaona Xavier , Rabung Thomas , Fellhauer David , Crepin Claire , Dardenne Kathy , Altmaier Marcus , Geckeis Horst 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The complexation of AnIII/LnIII with nitrate was investigated in dilute to concentrated Na–Mg–Ca–Cl–NO3 solutions at 2.94 ≤ pHm ≤ 13.2 and T = 22 ± 2 °C. Comprehensive solubility experiments with Nd(OH)3(s) were performed from undersaturation conditions and complemented by extensive spectroscopic studies using Cm(III)–TRLFS (time resolved laser fluorescence spectroscopy) and Nd–LIII EXAFS (extended X-ray absorption fine structure) under analogous pHm, I
m and m
NO3
−
conditions. Solid phases recovered from batch solubility experiments were characterized by XRD and SEM-EDS. A significant influence of nitrate on the solubility of Nd(OH)3(s) is observed in concentrated weakly alkaline MgCl2–Mg(NO3)2 solutions with total salt concentration ≥ 2.83 m and m
NO3
−
≥ 1.13 m. Nitrate has no effect in any of the studied NaCl–NaNO3 and CaCl2–Ca(NO3)2 mixtures, thus highlighting the key role of Mg2+ in the Nd(III)–NO3 interaction. The formation of inner-sphere complexes with the participation of Mg2+ is further confirmed by Cm(III)–TRLFS and Nd–LIII EXAFS. Based on these experimental evidences, the proposed chemical model includes the definition of two new aqueous species Mg[AnIII/LnIIINO3OH]3+ and Mg[AnIII/LnIIINO3(OH)2]2+ in equilibrium with solid Nd(OH)3(s) and allows to derive the thermodynamic and activity models (Pitzer) for the system Nd3+/Cm3+–H+–Mg2+–OH−–Cl−–NO3
−–H2O.
Care Coordination of Multimorbidity: A Scoping Study
Authors: Doessing Anne , Burau Viola 
Published: April 2015

Background A key challenge in healthcare systems worldwide is the large number of patients who suffer from multimorbidity; despite this, most systems are organized within a single-disease framework. Objective The present study addresses two issues: the characteristics and preconditions of care coordination for patients with multimorbidity; and the factors that promote or inhibit care coordination at the levels of provider organizations and healthcare professionals. Design The analysis is based on a scoping study, which combines a systematic literature search with a qualitative thematic analysis. The search was conducted in November 2013 and included the PubMed, CINAHL, and Web of Science databases, as well as the Cochrane Library, websites of relevant organizations and a hand-search of reference lists. The analysis included studies with a wide range of designs, from industrialized countries, in English, German and the Scandinavian languages, which focused on both multimorbidity/comorbidity and coordination of integrated care. Results The analysis included 47 of the 226 identified studies. The central theme emerging was complexity. This related to both specific medical conditions of patients with multimorbidity (case complexity) and the organization of care delivery at the levels of provider organizations and healthcare professionals (care complexity). Conclusions In terms of how to approach care coordination, one approach is to reduce complexity and the other is to embrace complexity. Either way, future research must take a more explicit stance on complexity and also gain a better understanding of the role of professionals as a prerequisite for the development of new care coordination interventions.
Lung cancer risk in professional drivers in Korea: A population‐based proportionate cancer incidence ratio study
Authors: Koh Dong‐Hee , Kong Hyun‐Joo , Oh Chang‐Mo , Jung Kyu‐Won , Park Donguk , Won Young‐Joo 
Published: April 2015

Lung cancer risk in professional drivers in Korea: A population‐based proportionate cancer incidence ratio study: Dong‐Hee Koh, et al. Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, International St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University, Republic of KoreaObjectiveProfessional drivers are exposed to diesel engine exhaust and outdoor air pollution while driving. Diesel engine exhaust and outdoor air pollution are known carcinogens causing lung cancer. However, previous epidemiological studies examining lung cancer risk in professional drivers have not shown a consistent association. In the present study, we evaluated lung cancer risk among Korean professional drivers.MethodsSubjects consisted of male drivers aged 30–59 registered in the Korea Central Cancer Registry for lung cancer between 1999 and 2011. Proportionate cancer incidence ratios (PCIRs) for lung cancer were calculated and indirectly age standardized with the male general population. Additional PCIRs were calculated by indirectly adjusting for the effect of cigarette smoking.ResultsThe PCIR for lung cancer in professional drivers during the study period increased significantly (1.20, 95% CI: 1.13−1.26). The increased risk was generally consistent throughout study years and age categories. Adjusting for the effect of cigarette smoking did not change the significance of the associations (1.09, 95% CI: 1.03−1.15).ConclusionsOur findings support an association between lung cancer and driver jobs in the Korean male population. However, the association should be further evaluated in a study with a longitudinal design and a quantitative exposure assessment.
Upregulated Leptin in Periodontitis Promotes Inflammatory Cytokine Expression in Periodontal Ligament Cells
Authors: Li Wei , Huang Baoxin , Liu Kaining , Hou Jianxia , Meng Huanxin 
Published: April 2015

Background: Imbalance or disruption in the expression of inflammatory mediators contributes greatly to the breakdown of the periodontal supporting tissues. Leptin, through binding to its receptor (obesity‐related leptin and leptin receptor [OBR]), has potent effects on immunity and inflammation. However, to date, researchers only indicated a role of leptin in periodontitis. No direct or valid evidence exists about how leptin and its receptor are regulated by local inflammation, what effects they have, and the underlying mechanisms.Methods: Experimental periodontitis was induced by ligation of mandibular second molars in beagle dogs. The expression of leptin, OBR, and interleukin (IL)‐1β was examined by immunohistochemistry. Meanwhile, recombinant human IL‐1β was used to stimulate human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) in vitro, and mRNA and protein levels of leptin were measured using real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Then, mRNA and protein levels of IL‐6 and IL‐8 were measured using real‐time PCR and ELISA, after stimulation with various concentrations of leptin, knocking down all or only the long form of OBR (OBRb) by small interfering RNA and incubation with multiple intracellular signaling pathway inhibitors, respectively.Results: Leptin and OBR increased substantially in inflammatory periodontal tissues, which correlated well with the extent of inflammatory infiltration, and was a result of the upregulation in resident cells themselves. A high dose of leptin could induce the expression of mRNA and protein of IL‐6 and IL‐8 in hPDLCs through binding with OBRb and activating different intracellular signaling pathways.Conclusion: Upregulated leptin and OBR in periodontitis stimulated proinflammatory cytokine expression in PDL cells to additionally promote local inflammation.
Improving Identification of Fall-Related Injuries in Ambulatory Care Using Statistical Text Mining
Authors: Luther Stephen L. , McCart James A. , Berndt Donald J. , Hahm Bridget , Finch Dezon , Jarman Jay , Foulis Philip R. , Lapcevic William A. , Campbell Robert R. , Shorr Ronald I. , Valencia Keryl Motta , Powell-Cope Gail 
Published: April 2015

Objectives. We determined whether statistical text mining (STM) can identify fall-related injuries in electronic health record (EHR) documents and the impact on STM models of training on documents from a single or multiple facilities. Methods. We obtained fiscal year 2007 records for Veterans Health Administration (VHA) ambulatory care clinics in the southeastern United States and Puerto Rico, resulting in a total of 26 010 documents for 1652 veterans treated for fall-related injury and 1341 matched controls. We used the results of an STM model to predict fall-related injuries at the visit and patient levels and compared them with a reference standard based on chart review. Results. STM models based on training data from a single facility resulted in accuracy of 87.5% and 87.1%, F-measure of 87.0% and 90.9%, sensitivity of 92.1% and 94.1%, and specificity of 83.6% and 77.8% at the visit and patient levels, respectively. Results from training data from multiple facilities were almost identical. Conclusions. STM has the potential to improve identification of fall-related injuries in the VHA, providing a model for wider application in the evolving national EHR system.
Finding the Perfect Doctor: Identifying Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender–Competent Physicians
Authors: Khalili Joshua , Leung Lucinda B. , Diamant Allison L. 
Published: April 2015

Objectives. We assessed the existence of procedures and policies for identifying lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT)–competent physicians at US academic faculty practices, and sought to identify physician training programs that enhance LGBT competency. Methods. We invited all 138 Liaison Committee on Medical Education–accredited US academic faculty practices to participate in a survey in 2012. We systematically assessed their procedures and policies to identify LGBT-competent physicians and their LGBT-competency training. We also assessed geographic region, funding source, and an LGBT health center in the same state. We performed univariate, bivariate, and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results. The response rate was 50%. Few participants had existing procedures (9%) or policies (4%) to identify LGBT-competent physicians. Procedures included online directories with self-identified LGBT-competent physicians available to the public. Sixteen percent of participants reported having comprehensive LGBT-competency training, and 52% reported having no training. Of note, 80% of participants indicated interest to do more to address these issues. Conclusions. There exist both need and interest for US academic faculty practices to develop procedures, policies, and programs that improve access to LGBT-competent physicians and to train physicians to become LGBT-competent.
Association of Participation in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program and Psychological Distress
Authors: Oddo Vanessa M. , Mabli James 
Published: April 2015

Objectives. We assessed whether households’ participation in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) was associated with improvements in well-being, as indicated by lower rates of psychological distress. Methods. We used longitudinal data for 3146 households in 30 states, collected between October 2011 and September 2012 for the SNAP Food Security survey, the largest longitudinal national survey of SNAP participants to date. Analyses compared households within days of program entry to the same households approximately 6 months later. We measured psychological distress in the past 30 days on a 6-item Kessler screening scale and used multivariable regression to estimate associations between SNAP participation and psychological distress. Results. A smaller percentage of household heads exhibited psychological distress after 6 months of participation in SNAP than at baseline (15.3% vs 23.2%; difference = −7.9%). In adjusted models, SNAP participation was associated with a decrease in psychological distress (adjusted relative risk = 0.72; 95% confidence interval = 0.66, 0.78). Conclusions. Continuing support for federal nutrition programs, such as SNAP, may reduce the public health burden of mental illness, thus improving well-being among vulnerable populations.
E-Cigarette Use in the Past and Quitting Behavior in the Future: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Al-Delaimy Wael K. , Myers Mark G. , Leas Eric C. , Strong David R. , Hofstetter C. Richard 
Published: April 2015

Objectives. We examined whether smokers who used e-cigarettes are more likely to quit after 1 year than smokers who had never used e-cigarettes. Methods. We surveyed California smokers (n = 1000) at 2 time points 1 year apart. We conducted logistic regression analyses to determine whether history of e-cigarette use at baseline predicted quitting behavior at follow-up, adjusting for demographics and smoking behavior at baseline. We limited analyses to smokers who reported consistent e-cigarette behavior at baseline and follow-up. Results. Compared with smokers who never used e-cigarettes, smokers who ever used e-cigarettes were significantly less likely to decrease cigarette consumption (odds ratio [OR] = 0.51; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.30, 0.87), and significantly less likely to quit for 30 days or more at follow-up (OR = 0.41; 95% CI = 0.18, 0.93). Ever-users of e-cigarettes were more likely to report a quit attempt, although this was not statistically significant (OR = 1.15; 95% CI = 0.67, 1.97). Conclusions. Smokers who have used e-cigarettes may be at increased risk for not being able to quit smoking. These findings, which need to be confirmed by longer-term cohort studies, have important policy and regulation implications regarding the use of e-cigarettes among smokers.
Work Disability Before and After Diabetes Diagnosis: A Nationwide Population-Based Register Study in Sweden
Authors: Ervasti Jenni , Virtanen Marianna , Pentti Jaana , Lallukka Tea , Tinghög Petter , Kjeldgard Linnea , Mittendorfer-Rutz Ellenor , Alexanderson Kristina 
Published: April 2015

Objectives. We evaluated the risk of work disability (sick leave and disability pension) before and after diabetes diagnosis relative to individuals without diabetes during the same time period, as well as the trajectory of work disability around the diagnosis. Methods. This Swedish population-based cohort study with register data included 14 428 individuals with incident diabetes in 2006 and 39 702 individuals without diabetes during 2003 to 2009. Results. Work disability was substantially higher among people with diabetes (overall mean = 95 days per year over the 7 years, SD = 143) than among those without diabetes (mean = 35 days, SD = 95). The risk of work disability was slightly higher after diabetes diagnosis than before and compared with the risk of those without diabetes. The trajectory of work disability was already increasing before diagnosis, increased even more at the time of diagnosis, and leveled off after diagnosis. Individual sociodemographic characteristics and comorbid conditions contributed both to the risk and to the trajectory of work disability. Conclusions. Although diabetes has an independent effect on work disability, sex, age, education, and comorbid conditions play a significant role.
New Advances in Mechanical Engineering Enables Pulling Forces of up to 60,000 lbs. – Experience Gained from Offshore Norway Case Stories
Authors: Buch Jørgen , Mourani Houssam , Ngo Dong 
Published: April 2015

Abstract

Objectives/Scope
This paper will present an improvement in engineering in the form of a hydraulic stroking tool with the ability to apply 60,000 lbs. of force. The tool has already been applied offshore Norway and lessons learned from these recent operations will also be disclosed.

Methods, Procedures, Process
In one operation, a plug was accidentally set across the christmas tree and blowout preventer (BOP), effectively eliminating the christmas tree as a well barrier element, and constituting a serious HSE risk. Conventional solutions failed to release the plug due to an insufficient pull force and then a failing jar.
In another well, the setting tool had malfunctioned resulting in a partially set plug and a stuck tool. Repeated attempts with heavy duty fishing equipment had damaged the fishing neck, further complicating the fishing operation as the setting tool had failed before it could break the stud connecting to the plug.

Results, Observations, Conclusions
The high performance of the recently developed stroking tool turned out to be the correct solution for both of these demanding operations. In the first well, it was estimated that the force required to shear the plug from the setting tool would be 43,300 lbs. The operation was completed in three runs with no misruns, which saved the operator from prolonged exposure to HSE risk including well control situation.
In the second well, the force required to shear the stud and free the setting tool was 40,000 lbs. Two release devices were combined in the toolstring, one below the hydraulic stroker and one below the cable head, in order to allow further contingencies to mitigate risk and increase safety. After four attempts the shear stud parted, thus completing the setting sequence and freeing the stuck setting tool. The operator got the well back on track, saved five days of rig time and avoided the costs of a workover rig.

Novel/Additive Information
The case stories in this paper constitute the first jobs performed with the new tool. Two important features are reduced HSE risks and increased operational efficiency, which will also be captured in the paper.