bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Iron‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Secondary Amines: On the Way to Green Reductive Aminations
Authors: Stemmler Tobias , Surkus Annette‐Enrika , Pohl Marga‐Martina , Junge Kathrin , Beller Matthias 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAmines represent important intermediates in chemical and biological processes. Herein, we describe the use of a nanostructured iron‐based catalyst for the tandem reductive amination between nitroarenes and aldehydes using hydrogen as reductant. The nanostructured iron‐catalyst is prepared by immobilization of an iron–phenanthroline complex onto a commercially available carbon support. In the reaction sequence a primary amine is formed in situ from the corresponding nitro compound. Reversible condensation with aldehydes forms the respective imines, which are finally reduced to the desired secondary amine. This synthesis of secondary amines is atom‐economical and environmentally attractive using cheap and readily available organic compounds as starting materials.
Lead Methylammonium Triiodide Perovskite‐Based Solar Cells: An Interfacial Charge‐Transfer Investigation
Authors: Xu Xiaobao , Zhang Hua , Cao Kun , Cui Jin , Lu Jianfeng , Zeng Xianwei , Shen Yan , Wang Mingkui 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis work reports on an investigation into interfacial charge transfer in CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite solar cells by using anatase TiO2 nanocuboids enclosed by active {100} and {001} facets. The devices show 6.0 and 8.0 % power conversion efficiency with and without hole‐transport material. Transient photovoltage/photocurrent decay and charge extraction, as well as impedance spectroscopy measurements, reveal that carbon materials are effective counter electrodes in perovskite solar cells. The photogenerated charges are observed to be stored in mesoporous TiO2 film under illumination and in the CH3NH3PbI3 layer in the dark. The use of 2,2′,7,7′‐tetrakis(N,N‐di‐p‐methoxyphenylamine)‐9,9‐spirobifluorene (spiro‐MeOTAD) as a hole‐transport material accelerates interfacial charge recombination between the photogenerated electrons and holes.
Redox‐Initiated Hydrogel System for Detection and Real‐Time Imaging of Cellulolytic Enzyme Activity
Authors: Malinowska Klara H. , Verdorfer Tobias , Meinhold Aylin , Milles Lukas F. , Funk Victor , Gaub Hermann E. , Nash Michael A. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractInvited for this month′s cover is the group of Michael Nash at the University of Munich. The image shows cellulase enzymes digesting cellulose fibers and converting the signal into fluorescent hydrogel, as described in their article. The Full Paper itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.201402428
Design of novel efficient adder and subtractor for quantum‐dot cellular automata
Authors: Hayati Mohsen , Rezaei Abbas 
Published: September 2014

SummaryQuantum‐dot cellular automata (QCA) is one of the new emerging technologies being investigated as an alternative to complementary metal oxide semiconductor technology. This paper proposes optimized one‐bit full adder (FA) for implementation in QCA. The fault effects at the proposed FA outputs due to the missing cell defects are analyzed, and the test vectors for detection of all faults are identified. Also, the efficient designs of one‐bit full subtractor (FS), one‐bit FA/FS and four‐bit carry flow adder (CFA) are presented using the proposed FA. These structures are designed and simulated using QCADesigner software. The proposed designs are compared with other previous works. In comparison with the best previous design, the proposed FA has 25% and 26% improvement in cells count and area, respectively, and it is faster. For the proposed FS, FA/FS and CFA, the obtained results confirm that these designs are more efficient in terms of area, cell count and delay. Therefore, the implementation of these designs may lead to the efficient use of the calculative unit in various applications, which may be used as a basic building block of a general purpose nanoprocessor. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
BODIPY®FL histamine as a new modality for quantitative detection of histamine receptor upregulation upon IgE sensitization in murine bone marrow‐derived mast cells
Authors: Mirzahosseini Arash , Kovács Marianna , Kánai Károly , Csutora Péter , Dalmadi Balázs 
Published: September 2014

AbstractFlow cytometry is one of the most widely used methods for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of cell surface expressed proteins by making use of fluorescent specific antibodies. Lacking an antibody validated for flow cytometry, an alternative approach for labeling cell surface receptors is the use of fluorescently tagged ligands. In this study, histamine H4 receptor transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells and murine bone marrow‐derived mast cells (mBMMCs) were selected for studying the possibility of staining individual histamine receptors using BODIPY® FL histamine and selective antagonists. Flow cytometric measurements and supporting calculations showed that BODIPY FL histamine is suitable tool for quantitating cell surface histamine receptors. The binding, and competitive inhibition of this fluorescent ligand were characterized, which were in good agreement with a semi‐empirical model constructed from fundamental protein‐binding relationships. Using this method it was shown for the first time that even though mature mBMMCs express H2R and H4R to the same extent, immunoglobulin E sensitization results in H4R upregulation only, while the surface expression of H2R remains unchanged. © 2014 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Prevalence and prognostic value of subclinical left ventricular systolic dysfunction by global longitudinal strain in a community‐based cohort
Authors: Russo Cesare , Jin Zhezhen , Elkind Mitchell S.V. , Rundek Tatjana , Homma Shunichi , Sacco Ralph L. , Di Tullio Marco R. 
Published: September 2014

AimsGlobal longitudinal strain (GLS) assessed by speckle‐tracking echocardiography has been proposed as a parameter able to reflect early changes in left ventricular systolic function at a stage when left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is still normal. This study aimed at assessing prevalence and prognostic value of left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) assessed by echocardiographic speckle‐tracking GLS in a community‐based cohort.Methods and ResultsParticipants from the community‐based prospective Northern Manhattan Study underwent two‐dimensional transthoracic echocardiography as part of the Cardiovascular Abnormalities and Brain Lesions study. Left ventricular systolic function was assessed by LVEF and speckle‐tracking GLS. Subjects were followed annually (mean = 4.8 ± 1.5 years) and incident vascular events (ischaemic stroke, myocardial infarction, and vascular death) were reviewed and adjudicated. Of the 708 study participants, 114 (16.1%) had abnormal GLS but normal LVEF (GLS‐LVSD), 30 (4.2%) had abnormal LVEF (LVEF‐LVSD), and 564 (79.7%) had normal GLS and LVEF (no‐LVSD). In multivariate analysis, risk of events was significantly greater in GLS‐LVSD [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 2.39, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.20–4.77] and in LVEF‐LVSD (adjusted HR = 3.51, 95% CI = 1.25–9.88) compared with no‐LVSD. Among participants with normal LVEF, lower GLS was significantly associated with events (adjusted HR/unit decrease = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.03–1.28) whereas LVEF was not (adjusted HR/unit decrease = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.94–1.07). The GLS prognostic value was incremental to risk factors and LVEF both in the overall population (chi‐square change = 7.406, P = 0.006) and in participants with normal LVEF (chi‐square change = 6.357, P = 0.012).ConclusionIn a community‐based cohort, GLS‐LVSD was four times more frequent than LVEF‐LVSD. GLS‐LVSD was a powerful and independent predictor of cardiovascular events. Left ventricular function assessment by GLS may improve cardiovascular risk stratification in subjects with normal LVEF.
Electrochemical Activity Studies of Glucose Oxidase (GOx)‐Based and Pyranose Oxidase (POx)‐Based Electrodes in Mesoporous Carbon: Toward Biosensor and Biofuel Cell Applications
Authors: Kwon Ki Young , Kim Jae Hyun , Youn Jongkyu , Jeon Chulmin , Lee Jinwoo , Hyeon Taeghwan , Park Hyun Gyu , Chang Ho Nam , Kwon Yongchai , Ha Su , Jung Hee‐Tae , Kim Jungbae 
Published: September 2014

AbstractA simple study using a fixed amount of mesoporous carbon (MSU‐F‐C) was performed for the comparison of pyranose oxidase (POx) and glucose oxidase (GOx) in their electrochemical performance under biosensor and biofuel cell operating modes. Even though the ratio of POx to GOx in the glucose oxidation activity per unit weight of MSU‐F‐C was 0.35, the ratios of POx to GOx in sensitivity and power density were reversed to be 6.2 and 1.4, respectively. POx with broad substrate specificity and an option of large scale production using recombinant E. coli has a great potential for various electrochemical applications, including biofuel cells.
A Natural Gas Severance Tax—An Economic Analysis
Authors: Kinnaman Thomas C. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis study estimates the economic effects of a severance tax on the market for natural gas produced from shale sources using non‐conventional extraction methods, such as horizontal drilling and fracking. Results suggest that a severance tax of 5 % would increase the price of natural gas by as much as 3.82 % and decrease gas extraction by an estimated 1.16 % to a value of 9.52 %. If applied to the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in the United States, a 5 % severance tax is estimated to raise between US $443 and $486 million per year in public revenue. The marginal deadweight loss associated with a 5 % severance tax is estimated between 1.27 % and 12.85 % of the last dollar earned. The burden of this tax falls on both producers and consumers and depends upon the underlying assumptions made regarding the price responsiveness of consumers and producers. Under plausible assumptions, a family consuming 1000 MMcfs (≈2.8×104 m3) per year of natural gas is estimated to pay an additional $100 per year after the implementation of a 5 % severance tax.
Assessment of building energy certification in Spain
Authors: José Gutiérrez‐Trashorras Antonio , González‐Caballín Juan Manuel , Álvarez Eduardo Álvarez , Paredes‐Sánchez Jose Pablo 
Published: September 2014

Buildings in Spain represent up to 26.1% of the final energy consumption, making them an important factor in any study of the energy sustainability of the country. This figure indicates that energy savings are possible by taking efficient measures in the insulation of buildings, as well as the systems that provide the energy needed to obtain comfort conditions. The recently approved basic procedure for certification of energy efficiency in buildings makes it compulsory to qualify new buildings as well as second‐hand constructions to be sold or leased. The energy qualification is obtained by quantifying the demand and the final energy consumption of a building.In this study, we perform a series of simulations using the software CERMA, with a typical domestic building, placing it in different climatic zones of the Spanish territory and analyzing the results. The most significant results are the similarity in the energy qualification obtained in all scenarios with high differences in the energy consumption and CO2 emissions. This analysis is used to determine the most influential parameters to improve the energy qualification of the building. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 34: 784–788, 2015
Capillary Filling of Nanoscale Channels and Surface Structure
Authors: Kriel Frederik H. , Sedev Rossen , Priest Craig 
Published: September 2014

AbstractNanoscale surface structures and channels are of intense interest for the very high surface‐to‐volume ratios involved. For extremely small systems, it may become difficult to distinguish between bulk and interface as well as their respective effects on the fluid volume. We review capillary filling of nanochannels and wicking in nanoscale surface structures. Both processes are of fundamental importance for the initial filling and successful operation of nanofluidic devices. We conclude that, despite the small scales involved, Washburn’s description of the spontaneous capillary filling of nanochannels is reliable. Similarly, nanowicking follows conventional capillarity theory closely. Nonetheless, open questions remain about the role and significance of line tension, precursor films and contact line pinning. The exact consequences of a diffuse interface or contact line are yet to be fully understood.
The Effect of Saline Irrigation Water on the Yield of Pepper: Experimental and Modelling Study
Authors: Rameshwaran Ponnambalam , Tepe Akin , Yazar Attila , Ragab Ragab 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe present study investigates the impact of using saline water on pepper crop yield and the application of a numerical model in predicting soil moisture and relative yield under saline irrigation conditions. In the greenhouse experimental study conducted in Antalya, Turkey, the effects of different irrigation regimes with salinity treatments using a drip irrigation system were investigated for two pepper varieties. The irrigation regimes consisted of four irrigation treatments with four salinity levels in two cropping seasons—spring 2011 and autumn 2011. The numerical model SALTMED was used and calibrated using measured soil moisture of a control experiment run during spring 2011. After the calibration, the model was validated using other experimental treatments during spring 2011 and all the experimental treatments in autumn 2011, with appropriate salinity stress parameter π50 values which are calibrated versus the highest salinity treatments in the spring 2011 and autumn 2011 experiments. The predicted results show the ability of the model to reproduce the measured soil moisture at three soil layers 0–20, 20–40 and 40–60 cm. The predicted relative yield results are in good agreement with measured data. Although the numerical model SALTMED has been used in several studies in the past, this is the first study that illustrates the potential capacity of the model for use in managing greenhouse production. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and characterization of self‐curing hydrophilic bone cements for protein delivery
Authors: Franco‐Marquès E. , Parra J. , Pèlach M. A. , Méndez J. A. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractNew formulations of acrylic bone cements for bone defect reparation, based on self‐hardening methyl methacrylate (MMA)/methacrylic acid (MAA), with a high capacity for protein delivery, have been developed. The self‐curing formulations were prepared by partial substitution of solid phase PMMA microparticles by newly obtained PMAA microspheres. The PMAA microspheres were prepared by inverse suspension polymerization of their monomer and were cross‐linked with N,N'‐methylene‐bis‐acrylamide (MBA) (10–15 wt %) to produce stable systems in contact with aqueous media. PMAA microspheres were loaded with hydrolyzed collagen (HC) as a model protein to simulate bone morphogenetic protein delivery useful for hard tissue reconstruction. Solid phase PMMA microparticles in the formulation were partially substituted by new PMAA‐HC microspheres and were characterized to determine viability as an acrylic bone cement in minimally invasive surgery. The incorporation of PMAA‐HC microspheres decreased peak temperature by 20°C, which minimized thermal necrotic risk after implantation. Mechanical compression tests revealed a behavior, under dry conditions, close to ISO 5833 standard requirements. However, a drastic drop in mechanical strength, ∼64%, was obtained after 15 days of immersion in simulated physiological conditions (37°C and pH 7.4) and was attributed to water absorption and a subsequent plasticizing effect. The increase in water uptake and retention enhanced the capability for controlled protein delivery. Finally, the biocompatibility of the cements was determined; some toxicity of the material during the first hours of culture incubation was observed. Later, toxicity was observed to decrease due to nonreacted monomer leaching, which ensured the low toxicity of the already polymerized phase. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 103B: 992–1001, 2015.
Rates of and Risk Factors for Trabecular and Cortical BMD Loss in Middle-Aged and Elderly African-Ancestry Men
Authors: Sheu Yahtyng , Bunker Clareann H , Jonnalagadda Pallavi , Cvejkus Ryan K , Patrick Alan L , Wheeler Victor W , Gordon Christopher L , Zmuda Joseph M 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT

Low trabecular (Tb) and cortical (Ct) volumetric BMD (vBMD) are related to increased fracture risk, but little is known about the patterns and correlates of Tb and Ct vBMD loss with aging. We examined the rates of change in total, Tb.vBMD, and Ct.vBMD at the radius and tibia, and identified factors associated with vBMD loss among 1569 men of African descent aged 40 years and older. Quantitative computed tomography was used to measure vBMD 6 years apart. The annualized rate of loss in Tb.vBMD was significant at the radius (–0.047%/yr, p = 0.016) but not at the tibia. At the radius, a significant loss of Tb.vBMD was observed in men aged 40 to 49 years that appeared to be attenuated and not statistically significant among older age men. In contrast, the decline in Ct.vBMD was similar at both skeletal sites (–0.254 to –0.264%/yr, p &lt; 0.0001) and was consistent across all age groups. Positive associations were found for vBMD changes with body weight (all but radius Ct.vBMD) and diabetes (Ct.vBMD only), whereas negative associations were found with hypertension (all but radius Tb.vBMD), smoking (Ct.vBMD only), and androgen deprivation therapy (cortical vBMD only). Trabecular and cortical vBMD loss appears to follow different patterns among middle- and older-aged men of African ancestry. Factors associated with the decline in vBMD also varied by compartment and anatomical site. Additional studies are needed to better understand the physiological mechanisms underlying early BMD loss among African-ancestry men. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
CERS2 Suppresses Tumor Cell Invasion and is Associated with Decreased V‐ATPase and MMP‐2/MMP‐9 Activities in Breast Cancer
Authors: Fan Shao‐hua , Wang Yan‐yan , Lu Jun , Zheng Yuan‐lin , Wu Dong‐mei , Zhang Zi‐feng , Shan Qun , Hu Bin , Li Meng‐qiu , Cheng Wei 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTCeramide synthase 2 (CERS2) is the gene identified from a human liver cDNA library in 2001. Our previous studies have shown higher expression of CERS2 in the breast cancer patients was associated with fewer lymph node metastases. However, the molecular mechanism of CERS2 involved is unknown. Here, we found CERS2 was heterogeneously expressed in various breast cancer cells. The mRNA and protein expression levels of CERS2 in MCF7 cells, which are poorly invasive breast cancer cells, were obviously higher than that in the highly invasive cells MDA‐MB‐231. Results showed overexpression of CERS2 in MDA‐MB‐231 cells could significantly inhibit the migration and invasion ability, whereas CERS2 knockdown in MCF7 cells could significantly increase the migration and invasion ability. Overexpression of CERS2 in MDA‐MB‐231 cells significantly reduced the V‐ATPase activity, increased the extracellular pH and decreased the pH‐dependent activity of MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). CERS2 knockdown in MCF7 cells significantly increased the V‐ATPase activity, decreased the extracellular pH and increased the activity of MMP‐2 and MMP‐9. Taken together, CERS2 can significantly inhibit breast cancer cell invasion and is associated with the decrease of the V‐ATPase activity and extracellular hydrogen ion concentration, and in turn the activation of secreted MMP‐2/MMP‐9 and degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM), which ultimately suppressed tumor's invasion. Thus, CERS2 may represent a novel target for selectively disrupting V‐ATPase activity and the invasive potential of cancer cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 116: 502–513, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Reverse H‐free Process for Strictly 2‐Balanced Graphs
Authors: Makai Tamás 
Published: September 2014

AbstractConsider the random graph process that starts from the complete graph on n vertices. In every step, the process selects an edge uniformly at random from the set of edges that are in a copy of a fixed graph H and removes it from the graph. The process stops when no more copies of H exist. When H is a strictly 2‐balanced graph we give the exact asymptotics on the number of edges remaining in the graph when the process terminates and investigate some basic properties namely the size of the maximal independent set and the presence of subgraphs.
Synthesis of concentric ring antenna array for a wide isoflux pattern
Authors: Reyna Maldonado Alberto , Panduro Marco A. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis research presents the synthesis of the concentric ring antenna arrays for a wide coverage pattern. The synthesis process is formulated as an optimization of the antenna excitations. Harmony search algorithm and particle swarm optimization are implemented for this optimization problem. The antenna array considers disk patches at the L‐band. First, the synthesis regards the behavior of the antenna array modeled by the cavity model. Second, the mutual coupling is included by using the full wave simulation. This synthesis could be very useful in satellites with terrestrial global coverage. The obtained antenna array provides a wide uniform power density and reduces considerably the hardware complexity for a satellite antenna system. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rapid in vivo apparent diffusion coefficient mapping of hyperpolarized 13C metabolites
Authors: Koelsch Bertram L. , Reed Galen D. , Keshari Kayvan R. , Chaumeil Myriam M. , Bok Robert , Ronen Sabrina M. , Vigneron Daniel B. , Kurhanewicz John , Larson Peder E. Z. 
Published: September 2014

PurposeHyperpolarized 13C magnetic resonance allows for the study of real‐time metabolism in vivo, including significant hyperpolarized 13C lactate production in many tumors. Other studies have shown that aggressive and highly metastatic tumors rapidly transport lactate out of cells. Thus, the ability to not only measure the production of hyperpolarized 13C lactate but also understand its compartmentalization using diffusion‐weighted MR will provide unique information for improved tumor characterization.MethodsWe used a bipolar, pulsed‐gradient, double spin echo imaging sequence to rapidly generate diffusion‐weighted images of hyperpolarized 13C metabolites. Our methodology included a simultaneously acquired B1 map to improve apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) accuracy and a diffusion‐compensated variable flip angle scheme to improve ADC precision.ResultsWe validated this sequence and methodology in hyperpolarized 13C phantoms. Next, we generated ADC maps of several hyperpolarized 13C metabolites in a normal rat, rat brain tumor, and prostate cancer mouse model using both preclinical and clinical trial‐ready hardware.ConclusionADC maps of hyperpolarized 13C metabolites provide information about the localization of these molecules in the tissue microenvironment. The methodology presented here allows for further studies to investigate ADC changes due to disease state that may provide unique information about cancer aggressiveness and metastatic potential. Magn Reson Med 74:622–633, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.