bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spiritual needs and influencing factors among people with stroke in China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Li Z.-Y. , Cao X. , Li S. , Huang T.-J. , Liu Y.-X. , Qin L.-H. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Stroke is one of the primary causes of disability in China and around the world, having an impact on the health and well-being of stroke patients. The importance of spiritual needs for stroke patients has always been a controversial topic internationally, partly because related research was mostly qualitative and may not directly reflect the degree of spiritual needs. In addition, most studies focus on the same cultural background, there is a lack of research that delves into the nuances of Chinese culture and background. The goal of this study is to evaluate the level of spiritual needs and influencing factors in Chinese stroke patients and to explore the mediating role and pathways of these variables on spiritual needs.

Methods
From August 2022 to January 2023, we conducted a cross-sectional questionnaire survey of 422 stroke patients in the affiliated hospitals of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine in Changsha Province by cluster sampling. We measured the patient’s spiritual needs, quality of life, anxiety and depression levels, and family support using the Spiritual Needs Questionnaire (SPNQ), the MOS36 item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and the Family Support Self Rating Scale (PSS-Fa). We used the General Information Questionnaire to gain insight into the sociodemographic characteristics of the patients. Nonparametric tests and multiple linear regression models were used to analyze the independent relationship between spiritual needs and quality of life, anxiety, depression, and family support. The mediation model in AMOS 24.0 software was used to analyze the mediating role among the five variables.

Results
The score of spiritual needs of people with stroke included in this study was 37 points [IQR 33 to 40)]. The influencing factors of spiritual needs included primary economic sources for disease-related expenditures (p = 0.044), number of stroke occurrences (p = 0.001), duration of illness (p = 0.023), activities of daily living (p = 0.006), depression scores(p = 0.034), and family support scores(p = 0.008). Anxiety (β = 0.347, p = 0.004), depression (β = 0.368, p = 0.005), and family support (β = 0.167, p = 0.023) had directly or indirectly affected the spiritual needs of people with stroke. Quality of life (β=-0.202, p = 0.017) had a direct effect on spiritual needs.

Conclusions
The spiritual needs of people with stroke were at an intermediate level. Our findings highlight that the SPNQ score is associated with anxiety, depression, quality of life, and family support. Therefore, nurses should identify the spiritual needs of patients and provide them with effective and comprehensive spiritual care by reducing negative emotions and enhancing social support, promoting the development and progress of spiritual care in China. This study offers a theoretical basis for the spiritual care of clinical people with stroke and constructing a stroke spiritual care model.
Communication between alveolar macrophages and fibroblasts via the TNFSF12-TNFRSF12A pathway promotes pulmonary fibrosis in severe COVID-19 patients
Authors: Guo Lei , Chen Qiong , Xu Mengying , Huang Jing , Ye Hua 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Severe COVID-19 infection has been associated with the development of pulmonary fibrosis, a condition that significantly affects patient prognosis. Understanding the underlying cellular communication mechanisms contributing to this fibrotic process is crucial.

Objective
In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of the TNFSF12-TNFRSF12A pathway in mediating communication between alveolar macrophages and fibroblasts, and its implications for the development of pulmonary fibrosis in severe COVID-19 patients.

Methods
We conducted single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis using lung tissue samples from severe COVID-19 patients and healthy controls. The data was processed, analyzed, and cell types were annotated. We focused on the communication between alveolar macrophages and fibroblasts and identified key signaling pathways. In vitro experiments were performed to validate our findings, including the impact of TNFRSF12A silencing on fibrosis reversal.

Results
Our analysis revealed that in severe COVID-19 patients, alveolar macrophages communicate with fibroblasts primarily through the TNFSF12-TNFRSF12A pathway. This communication pathway promotes fibroblast proliferation and expression of fibrotic factors. Importantly, silencing TNFRSF12A effectively reversed the pro-proliferative and pro-fibrotic effects of alveolar macrophages.

Conclusion
The TNFSF12-TNFRSF12A pathway plays a central role in alveolar macrophage-fibroblast communication and contributes to pulmonary fibrosis in severe COVID-19 patients. Silencing TNFRSF12A represents a potential therapeutic strategy for mitigating fibrosis in severe COVID-19 lung disease.
A CNN model for early detection of pepper Phytophthora blight using multispectral imaging, integrating spectral and textural information
Authors: Duan Zhijuan , Li Haoqian , Li Chenguang , Zhang Jun , Zhang Dongfang , Fan Xiaofei , Chen Xueping 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Pepper Phytophthora blight is a devastating disease during the growth process of peppers, significantly affecting their yield and quality. Accurate, rapid, and non-destructive early detection of pepper Phytophthora blight is of great importance for pepper production management. This study investigated the possibility of using multispectral imaging combined with machine learning to detect Phytophthora blight in peppers. Peppers were divided into two groups: one group was inoculated with Phytophthora blight, and the other was left untreated as a control. Multispectral images were collected at 0-h samples before inoculation and at 48, 60, 72, and 84 h after inoculation. The supporting software of the multispectral imaging system was used to extract spectral features from 19 wavelengths, and textural features were extracted using a gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) and a local binary pattern (LBP). The principal component analysis (PCA), successive projection algorithm (SPA), and genetic algorithm (GA) were used for feature selection from the extracted spectral and textural features. Two classification models were established based on effective single spectral features and significant spectral textural fusion features: a partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS_DA) and one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN). A two-dimensional convolutional neural network (2D-CNN) was constructed based on five principal component (PC) coefficients extracted from the spectral data using PCA, weighted, and summed with 19-channel multispectral images to create new PC images.

Results
The results indicated that the models using PCA for feature selection exhibit relatively stable classification performance. The accuracy of PLS-DA and 1D-CNN based on single spectral features is 82.6% and 83.3%, respectively, at the 48h mark. In contrast, the accuracy of PLS-DA and 1D-CNN based on spectral texture fusion reached 85.9% and 91.3%, respectively, at the same 48h mark. The accuracy of the 2D-CNN based on 5 PC images is 82%.

Conclusions
The research indicates that Phytophthora blight infection can be detected 48 h after inoculation (36 h before visible symptoms). This study provides an effective method for the early detection of Phytophthora blight in peppers.
NGF-BMSC-SF/CS composites for repairing knee joint osteochondral defects in rabbits: evaluation of the repair effect and potential underlying mechanisms
Authors: Zhang Yong , Huang Wenliang , Xiao Hongli , Ruan Shiqiang , Deng Jiang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
With the rapid growth of the ageing population, chronic diseases such as osteoarthritis have become one of the major diseases affecting the quality of life of elderly people. The main pathological manifestation of osteoarthritis is articular cartilage damage. Alleviating and repairing damaged cartilage has always been a challenge. The application of cartilage tissue engineering methods has shown promise for articular cartilage repair. Many studies have used cartilage tissue engineering methods to repair damaged cartilage and obtained good results, but these methods still cannot be used clinically. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of incorporating nerve growth factor (NGF) into a silk fibroin (SF)/chitosan (CS) scaffold containing bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on the repair of articular cartilage defects in the knees of rabbits and to explore the possible underlying mechanism involved.

Materials and methods
Nerve growth factor-loaded sustained-release microspheres were prepared by a double emulsion solvent evaporation method. SF/CS scaffolds were prepared by vacuum drying and chemical crosslinking. BMSCs were isolated and cultured by density gradient centrifugation and adherent culture. NGF-SF/CS-BMSC composites were prepared and implanted into articular cartilage defects in the knees of rabbits. The repair of articular cartilage was assessed by gross observation, imaging and histological staining at different time points after surgery. The repair effect was evaluated by the International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) score and a modified Wakitani score. In vitro experiments were also performed to observe the effect of different concentrations of NGF on the proliferation and directional differentiation of BMSCs on the SF/CS scaffold.

Results
In the repair of cartilage defects in rabbit knees, NGF-SF/CS-BMSCs resulted in higher ICRS scores and lower modified Wakitani scores. The in vitro results showed that there was no significant correlation between the proliferation of BMSCs and the addition of different concentrations of NGF. Additionally, there was no significant difference in the protein and mRNA expression of COL2a1 and ACAN between the groups after the addition of different concentrations of NGF.

Conclusion
NGF-SF/CS-BMSCs improved the repair of articular cartilage defects in the knees of rabbits. This repair effect may be related to the early promotion of subchondral bone repair.
A practical approach on the classifications of myeloid neoplasms and acute leukemia: WHO and ICC
Authors: Xiao Wenbin , Nardi Valentina , Stein Eytan , Hasserjian Robert P. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn 2022, two new classifications of myeloid neoplasms and acute leukemias were published: the 5th edition WHO Classification (WHO-HAEM5) and the International Consensus Classification (ICC). As with prior classifications, the WHO-HAEM5 and ICC made updates to the prior classification (revised 4th edition WHO Classification, WHO-HAEM4R) based on a consensus of groups of experts, who examined new evidence. Both WHO-HAEM5 and ICC introduced several new disease entities that are based predominantly on genetic features, superseding prior morphologic definitions. While it is encouraging that two groups independently came to similar conclusions in updating the classification of myeloid neoplasms and acute leukemias, there are several divergences in how WHO-HAEM5 and ICC define specific entities as well as differences in nomenclature of certain diseases. In this review, we highlight the similarities and differences between the WHO-HAEM5 and ICC handling of myeloid neoplasms and acute leukemias and present a practical approach to diagnosing and classifying these diseases in this current era of two divergent classification guidelines.
Inspection prioritization of gravity sanitary sewer systems using supervised machine learning algorithms
Authors: Loganathan Karthikeyan , Najafi Mohammad , Kermanshachi Sharareh , Maduri Praveen Kumar , Pamidimukkala Apurva 
Published: July 2024

AbstractUnderground wastewater collection systems degrade with time, necessitating utility owners to engage in ongoing evaluations and enhancements of their asset management frameworks to preserve the performance of their assets. The inspection and condition assessment of sewer pipes are crucial for the effective operation and maintenance of sewer systems. The closed-circuit television (CCTV) is frequently employed to examine sewer pipes in the United States. This procedure is both costly and laborious because of the extensive number of pipes in a metropolis. Prioritisation of inspection for sanitary sewage pipe segments requiring repair or maintenance can be done in advance depending on their past performance. Hence, the aim of this study is to construct a predictive model for the state of sanitary sewer pipes, utilising data collected from a city located in the southcentral region of the United States. The main contribution is that this study used multiclass classification and predicted PACP scores of the pipes. Condition prediction models were developed using extensively utilised supervised machine learning algorithms including logistic regression (LR), k-nearest neighbors (k-NN), and random forest (RF). However, the bulk of the constructed models were assessed using a limited number of assessment measures, such as the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve and the area under the curve (AUC) value. This paper asserts that the assessment of the predictive capacity of these models cannot be determined only by relying on ROC and AUC values. Out of the three models evaluated in this study, the LR model had an AUC value of 0.76. However, this model had a higher number of misclassifications or inaccurate predictions compared to the other models. Consequently, these models were assessed using additional assessment measures, including precision, recall, and F-1 scores (which represent the harmonic mean of precision and recall). Curiously, the LR model achieved an F1-score of 0.28 on a scale ranging from 0 to 1. The RF model yielded an F1-score of 0.45 and an AUC value of 0.86. The existing model can be enhanced before it is employed by asset managers during the inspection phase to assess the state of their sanitary sewers and identify essential sewers that require immediate care.
“Just a Way to Trick the French”
Authors: Le Guelte Johann 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This article examines the lived experience and self-advocacy of three troupes of colonial actors displayed globally between 1929 and 1931: two troupes of Sara men and women from Chad and a troupe of Kanak actors from New Caledonia and Dependencies. While multiple studies of colonial ethnic displays have focused on the nature and reception of these spectacles, actors themselves have rarely been researched as subjects. In listening to their voices and retracing their agency, this article shows the numerous and nuanced ways they resisted the violence of their displays and the strategies they deployed to make their voices heard on the global stage of empire. Furthermore, this research argues for a scholarly reconsideration of the term human zoo and demonstrates the central role played by those on display in the gradual disappearance of this phenomenon of colonial entertainment.
New-onset diabetes mellitus in patients with COVID19 infection admitted to a tertiary care hospital: A single-center experience
Authors: Afridi Muhammad Abdur Rahman Afridi , Zafar Ali  , Naveed Iqbal  , Usman Zeb  
Published: July 2024

Objective: To determine the frequency of new-onset diabetes mellitus (NODM) in patients with COVID-19 in a tertiary care hospital.
Method: It was a retrospective descriptive study carried out in Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan from November 2021 to April 2022. All patients having new onset Diabetes Mellitus (NODM) were identified among a total of 300 patients admitted to the hospital with COVID-19 infection. Patients’ data including relevant investigations were accessed through the hospital management information system (HMIS). SPSS version-23 was used for data entry and statistical analysis.
Results: Out of 300 COVID-19 patients included in the study, 163 (54.3%) were female and 137(45.7%) were male. The mean age of the patients was 56.80±13.72 (IQR 15) years. Frequency of the new onset diabetes was 44(14.7%); 19 (6.33%) male and 25(8.33%) female. Among the 44 NODM patients, the majority (57%) were female (p=0.720). Most (64%) of the patients with new-onset DM were in the middle age (p=0.018).
Conclusion: A significant number of patients with COVID-19 infection are prone to develop new-onset diabetes during their admission to the hospital.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.8.8797
How to cite this: Afridi MAR, Ali Z, Iqbal N, Zeb U. New-onset diabetes mellitus in patients with COVID19 infection admitted to a tertiary care hospital: A single-center experience. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(8):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.8.8797
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Caesarean Section frequency in Nulliparous Women induced at 39 weeks versus conventional management: An open label random allocation study
Authors: Shaikh Erum Majid , Zuberi Bader Faiyaz , Gul Kanwal , Jam Hira , Haseena Gul 
Published: July 2024

Objective: To compare frequency of caesarean section in singleton primary-para women induced at 39 week and its comparison with conventional management. The other objective was comparison of perinatal and neonatal outcomes.
Method: Open random allocation study was conducted at Gynae/Obst Department JPMC during period from 1st June 2022 to 30th September 2023. Primiparous women with singleton pregnancy without risk factors with gestational age 38 weeks 0 days to 38 weeks six days attending the anti-natal clinic offered to participate after consent. Non-probability convenience sampling method was used for induction. Randomization was done using random number table into one of the two groups, Group-A in which induction was done at 39 weeks while in Group-B induction was done conventionally. Mean age ±SD, gestational age and delivery time was calculated and compared by Student’s t test. Frequency of CS, perinatal and neonatal outcomes was compared by χ2 test.
Results: Eighty-two women were inducted in Group-A and eighty-five in Group-B. The mean delivery time in Group-A was significantly more at 8.12±2.77 hours while in Group-B was 7.0±2.62 hours (p = .005). Frequency of CS between two groups was not statistically significant, it was 5 (6.1%) in Group-A and 2 (2.4%) in Group-B (p = 0.412). No significant difference in frequency of NICU admission was seen, in Group-A 8.54% babies were admitted to NICU while in Group-B 16.47% were admitted to NICU (p = 0.122).
Conclusion: No significant difference was observed in frequencies of CS, Foetal, Neonatal, and Maternal outcomes.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.8.9099
How to cite this: Majid E, Zuberi BF, Gul K, Jam H, Haseena G. Caesarean Section frequency in Nulliparous Women induced at 39 weeks versus conventional management: An open label random allocation study. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(8):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.8.9099
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Retrospective cohort study of video-assisted thoracoscopic precise positioning reduction and internal fixation and thoracotomy reduction and internal fixation in treating multiple rib fractures
Authors: Shi Jinlong , Liu Jing 
Published: July 2024

Objective: This study aimed to assess the clinical effect of video-assisted thoracoscopic precise positioning reduction and internal fixation and thoracotomy reduction and internal fixation in the therapy of multiple rib fractures.
Methods: A total of 80 patients with multiple rib fractures in First People’s Hospital of Jingzhou from January 2021 to December 2022 were separated into control group (CG, 40 cases) and research group (RG, 40 cases) by random number table method. Patients in the CG received thoracotomy reduction and internal fixation. Patients in the RG received video-assisted thoracoscopic precise positioning reduction and internal fixation. Surgery-related indexes, serum interleukin, visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to evaluate postoperative pain, arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) and oxygenation index (PaO2/FiO2), and pulmonary function indexes were measured in the two groups.
Results: After surgery, Visual analog scale (VAS) scores at 24 hour after surgery were reduced compared to six hour and 12 hour after surgery (P<0.05). VAS score at 12 hour after surgery was increased relative to 6 h after surgery (P<0.05), and VAS score at six hour, 12 hour as well as 24 hour after surgery in the RG was lessened in comparison with the CG (P<0.05). One day after surgery, SaO2 and PaO2/FiO2 in two groups were elevated compared to before surgery, and those in RG was increased in contrast to the CG (P<0.05). forced expiratory volume (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), peak expiratory flow velocity (PEF) along with FEV1/FVC levels in two groups were increased (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Compared with thoracotomy reduction and internal fixation, video-assisted thoracoscopic accurate positioning and internal fixation in treating patients with multiple rib fractures had a short treatment time, obvious advantages, and strong feasibility.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.8.9196
How to cite this: Shi J, Liu J. Retrospective cohort study of video-assisted thoracoscopic precise positioning reduction and internal fixation and thoracotomy reduction and internal fixation in treating multiple rib fractures. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(8):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.8.9196
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.