bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methods of Mortality Risk Adjustment in the NICU: A 20-Year Review
Authors: Patrick Stephen W. , Schumacher Robert E. , Davis Matthew M. 
Published: March 2013

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Improving the quality of care delivered in NICUs relies on the ability to partition variation associated with patient characteristics from those attributed to processes of care delivery through risk adjustment. Multiple methods of mortality risk adjustment have been proposed for NICU populations. We review existing literature pertaining to mortality risk adjustment in the NICU.METHODS:PubMed and Scopus were searched to identify unique methods of mortality risk adjustment in the NICU and their trends in citation since original publication. Additional online searches were performed to identify organizational and government agency means of mortality risk adjustment for patients in the NICU.RESULTS:Among 10 unique neonatal mortality risk adjustment scores identified by this review, there are &gt;3 dozen different measurement components. No score includes &gt;28 components; no score contains &lt;6. Scores differ substantively in their intended purposes, component parameters and intensity of data collection. The Clinical Risk Index for Babies (CRIB) has been referenced most frequently in other research articles (447 citations), while the National Institutes of Child Health and Human Development “calculator” has the greatest rate of citations per year since initial publication (37). The scores are notably inconsistent in their approaches to timing of data collection and inclusion of comorbidity indicators.CONCLUSIONS:Rigorous means of risk adjustment in the NICU are essential to enhancing the quality of care delivered to neonates, by facilitating more meaningful comparisons in quality improvement. Building on the first 20 years of neonatal mortality risk adjustment will ultimately allow researchers and quality improvement teams to apply measures that facilitate cross-institutional comparisons thoroughly and fairly.
New Neonatal Classification of Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate—Part 1: To Predict Primary Lateral Incisor Agenesis and Inherent Tissue Hypoplasia
Authors: Delestan Christian , Montoya Pedro , Doucet Jean-Charles , Bigorre Michèle , Baümler Caroline , Herlin Christian , Daures Jean-Pierre , Captier Guillaume 
Published: March 2013

Objectives To bring a neonatal classification system of unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and to correlate this classification with the distribution of the primary lateral incisor. Design Retrospective with longitudinal follow-up. Setting Tertiary. Patients One hundred twenty-one patients with treated UCLP. Thirteen plaster casts were used as controls. Main Outcome Measures The UCLP patients were classified anatomically into four categories: class 1 corresponds to a maxillary arch with a narrow alveolar cleft, class 2 corresponds to a balanced form, class 3 corresponds to a wide cleft and short maxilla, and class 4 corresponds to a wide cleft and long maxilla. Clinical validity was evaluated with a concordance analysis (intra- and interexaminer). This anatomical classification was also corroborated with an automatic classification determined by morphometric parameters measured on neonatal maxillary plaster casts. The class was finally correlated with the distribution of the primary lateral incisor. Results Clinical classification of UCLP found 12 cases of class 1 (9.9%), 36 cases of class 2 (29.8%), 47 cases of class 3 (38.8%), and 26 cases of class 4 (21.5%). The clinical classification was validated with a good intra- and interexaminer concordance analysis (κ > .6). The automatic classification was close to the clinical classification in 84%. The correlation was ideal in class 1 (100%), almost perfect in class 4 (92%), but lower for class 2 (74%) and class 3 (70%). The primary lateral incisor was usually duplicated in class 1, whereas class 2 and class 4 were correlated with a primary lateral incisor located on the lateral palatal segment. Class 3 was associated with an agenesis of the primary lateral incisor ( P < .001). Conclusions UCLP can be classified into four different classes at birth, which can all give information about the inherent tissue hypoplasia and the distribution of the primary lateral incisor.
GlideScope® Tracheal Intubation with and without Muscle Relaxation: A Prospective, Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Leissner Kay B. , Beutler Sascha , Bigatello Luca , Srinivasa Venkatesh 
Published: March 2013

Purpose:
GlideScope® videolaryngoscope (GVL, Verathon Medical Inc., Bothell, WA, USA) assisted orotracheal
intubation is a useful technique for patients who are difficult to intubate, but who can be mask ventilated. The effect
of muscle relaxants on the success of GVL intubation has not been evaluated. The authors conducted a prospective, placebo-
controlled study to assess the effectiveness and incidence of complications of GVL-assisted tracheal intubation performed
during general anesthesia with and without the use of a muscle relaxant in patients with seemingly normal airway
anatomy.

Material and Methods:
52 patients who required orotracheal intubation were prospectively included. Anesthesia was induced
using midazolam (0.01-0.03 mg/kg), fentanyl (1-3 µg/kg) and propofol (1-3 mg/kg). Patients were randomly assigned
to one of two groups to receive rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg (n = 26 for rocuronium group) or saline intravenously (n =
26 for placebo group). GVL-assisted intubation was initiated after 90 s. The number of successful intubations, the number
of attempts and their duration were recorded. Events during the procedure, such as airway trauma, blood pressure changes
and movements were also recorded.

Results:
The success rate of GVL intubation was 100% in the placebo group and 100% in the rocuronium group. Patients
in both groups received the same number of intubation attempts and the intubation time were alike (53± 15 vs. 55 ± 18 s;
p=0.63). The Placebo group experienced a greater incidence of events during intubation (81 vs. 35%; P < 0.001) than patients
in the rocuronium group.

Conclusions:
Omitting muscle relaxants in patients with apparently normal airways is not associated with a higher failure
rate, increased intubation attempts or intubation time when performing GVL assisted orotracheal intubation, but is associated
with a higher rate of patient movement.
Low 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels and Cognitive Impairment in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Shaffi Kamran , Tighiouart Hocine , Scott Tammy , Lou Kristina , Drew David , Weiner Daniel , Sarnak Mark 
Published: March 2013

Summary

Background and objectives
25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) deficiency and cognitive impairment are both prevalent in hemodialysis patients in the United States. This study tested the hypothesis that 25(OH)D deficiency may be associated with cognitive impairment because of its vasculoprotective, neuroprotective, and immune-modulatory properties.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
This cross-sectional analysis involved 255 patients enrolled in the Dialysis and Cognition Study between 2004 and 2012. In linear regression models, 25(OH)D was the exposure variable; it was used first as a continuous variable and then stratified as deficient (<12 ng/ml), insufficient (12 to <20 ng/ml), and sufficient (≥20 ng/ml). Principal component analysis was used to obtain the memory and the executive function domains from the individual neurocognitive tests. Scores on individual tests as well as on the memory and executive function domains were the outcome variables. Multivariable models were adjusted for age, sex, race, education, and other potential confounding variables.

Results
Mean serum 25(OH)D ± SD was 17.2±7.4 ng/ml, with 14%, 55%, and 31% of patients in the deficient, insufficient, and sufficient groups, respectively. Patients in the deficient group were more likely to be women, African American, and diabetic and to have longer dialysis vintage. Higher 25(OH)D levels were independently associated with better performance on several tests of executive function (mean difference on component executive score, 0.16 [95% confidence interval, 0.04–0.28; P=0.01] for each SD higher 25[OH]D). No association was seen with tests assessing memory.

Conclusions
25(OH)D deficiency in hemodialysis patients is associated with worse cognitive function, particularly in domains that assess executive function.
Mandatory Audit Partner Rotation: Perceptions of Audit Quality Consequences
Authors: Daugherty Brian E. , Dickins Denise , Hatfield Richard C. , Higgs Julia L. 
Published: March 2013

SUMMARY
This paper summarizes our study, “An Examination of Partner Perceptions of Partner Rotation: Direct and Indirect Consequences to Audit Quality” (Daugherty et al. 2012). The study examines the perceptions of practicing audit partners with respect to mandatory partner rotation and cooling-off periods, in general, and how the more stringent partner rotation rules mandated by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act may negatively impact audit partners' quality of life at the expense of audit quality. The results suggest that mandatory partner rotation increases partners' (and other engagement team members') workloads, as well as the likelihood of partner relocation. In response to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the SEC's acceleration of mandatory partner rotation and extension of cooling-off periods, the partners participating in this study indicate that they would rather learn a new industry than relocate. Importantly, partners perceive that audit quality suffers from retraining, but not from relocating. Taken together, the study's results suggest that the partner rotation provisions create an unintended consequence—specifically an indirect, negative impact on audit quality.
Widening or Closing the Knowledge Gap?
Authors: Jenssen Anders Todal 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
The public has gradually become more dependent on the mass media for their political information as alternative channels of political communication have been marginalized. Political knowledge is not equally distributed, and according to the knowledge gap hypothesis, the gap between the most and least knowledgeable is likely to widen due to the pattern of media consumption, the different content of printed media and TV, and the abilities of the audience as linked to educational differences. Most of the empirical research on the knowledge gap hypothesis has been done in the USA, a media system very different from those of the Nordic countries. The strong tradition of PB TV and the high rate of newspaper consumption make the Norwegian media environment favourable for political knowledge gain, but it may, for the very same reasons, lead to a widening knowledge gap, according to the knowledge gap hypothesis. In the present paper, the impacts of TV and newspaper consumption on the distribution of political knowledge are studied. Two hypotheses are tested: TV exposure as leveller and newspapers exposure as enhancer of the knowledge gap. The empirical analyses are based on the 1997, 2001 and 2005 Norwegian election studies.
Negotiating Boundaries between Us and Them
Authors: Halse Rolf 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Interpretive communities can read a media text in different ways. The present article examines how various interpretive communities of young adults in Norway perceive the action serial 24’s portrayal of a Muslim family. It investigates the understandings and attitudes informants express in their conversations about the Muslim ‘next door neighbour terrorist’ stereotype, and sheds light on how 24’s text can mobilize stereotypes and facilitate stereotyping among viewers. The findings reveal different patterns of reception. The ethnic Norwegian participants found gratifications in 24’s storyline, while a majority of the Norwegian Muslims found it unpleasant and offensive. An important contribution to the fear that the stereotype evoked in the ethnic Norwegians was related to the challenge and tension it created in the negotiation process of categorization. The category ‘Muslim’ triggered a powerful response, and the conversation veered off in a xenophobic direction. This is an example of how an interpretive community modified its perception of the stereotype through socially patterned readings.
Education in the News and in the Mind
Authors: Fladmoe Audun 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
The Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) has gained popularity in educational debates, and scholars argue that the tests influence national educational governance. It has further been claimed that PISA has penetrated the news media and that public opinion on education has been affected, but few have offered empirical evidence for such arguments. The present study contributes to the area by investigating the relationship between (i) news consumption and public awareness of PISA, and between (ii) awareness of PISA and public opinion on education in Norway, Sweden and Finland. The findings suggest that consumption of newspapers and public service TV (PBS) news is positively associated with awareness of PISA; consumption of commercial TV news is negatively associated with awareness of PISA. Further, “PISA effects” on public opinion are dependent upon news consumption and political considerations. The most significant relationship is found in Norway, where mass political polarization is stronger among respondents who are aware of PISA, compared to those who are not.
Beneficial neurohumoral profile in left ventricular systolic dysfunction following acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Balčiūnaitė Giedrė , Rudys Alfredas , Bičkauskaitė Nelli , Zakarkaitė Diana , Skorniakov Viktor , Čelutkienė Jelena , Laucevičius Aleksandras 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Revision of the Terellia virens Group (Diptera, Tephritidae) with Description of Three New Species
Authors: Korneyev V. A. , Evstigneev D. A. , Karimpour Y. , Kütük M. , Mohamadzade Namin S. , Ömür Koyuncu M. , Yaran M. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe Terellia virens group includes eight species of uniformly greenish flies with white setulose abdomens and hyaline wings, variable in the characters of the male and female terminalia. Three new species are described and illustrated: Terellia freidbergi sp. n. from Middle and Near East, from flower heads of Centaurea behen L., T. ivannikovi V. Korneyev et Evstigneev, sp. n. from European Russia, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, breeding in flower heads of Ce. chartolepis Greuter, and T. whitei V. Korneyev et Mohamadzade, sp. n. reared from flower heads of Cousinia spp. in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan and Iran. Illustrated diagnoses or redescriptions of other species and a key to the species of Terellia with hyaline wings and white setulose abdominal tergites are given.
The Life Cycles of Mayflies of the Eastern Ukraine. Subfamily Baetinae (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae)
Authors: Martynov A. V. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
The life cycle types of mayflies of the subfamily Baetinae in Eastern Ukraine are determined. The scheme for identification of larval age structure is given. The age structure changes of Baetis braaschi, B. nexus and Alainites muticus larvae during the year are described in detail. The flight periods of imagoes throughout the studied region are delimited for almost all species of the subfamily. B. braaschi is shown to have the bivoltine life cycle, with its populations overwintering as the larval stage (MBws) independently on temperature conditions in the water body. The peculiarities of oviposition are described for this species. The following aspects of life cycles were revealed: nymphs, subimagoes and imagoes of different generations of B. braaschi differ considerably in size; the voltinity of B. vernus in the region can vary (Us and/or MBss), mainly due to temperature conditions of the water bodies, where its development takes place; geographically isolated populations of A. muticus in the Eastern Ukraine reproduce only by thelytoky
Facial nerve motor evoked potentials during skull base surgery to monitor facial nerve function using the threshold-level method
Authors: Sarnthein Johannes , Hejrati Nader , Neidert Marian C. , Huber Alexander M. , Krayenbühl Niklaus 
Published: March 2013

Object
During surgeries that put the facial nerve at risk for injury, its function can be continuously monitored by transcranial facial nerve motor evoked potentials (FNMEPs) in facial nerve target muscles. Despite their advantages, FNMEPs are not yet widely used. While most authors use a 50% reduction in FNMEP response amplitudes as a warning criterion, in this paper the authors' approach was to keep the response amplitude constant by increasing the stimulation intensity and to establish a warning criterion based on the “threshold-level” method.

Methods
The authors included 34 consecutive procedures involving 33 adult patients (median age 47 years) in whom FNMEPs were monitored. A threshold increase greater than 20 mA for eliciting FNMEPs in the most reliable facial nerve target muscle was considered a prediction of reduced postoperative facial nerve function, and subsequently a warning was issued to the surgeon. Preoperative and early postoperative function was documented using the House-Brackmann grading system.

Results
Monitoring of FNMEPs was feasible in all 34 surgeries in at least one facial nerve target muscle. The mentalis muscle yielded the best results. The House-Brackmann grade deteriorated in 17 (50%) of 34 cases. The warning criterion was reached in 18 (53%) of 34 cases, which predicted an 83% risk of House-Brackmann grade deterioration. Sensitivity amounted to 88% (CI 64%–99%) and specificity to 82% (CI 57%–96%). Deterioration of FNMEPs and a worse House-Brackmann grade showed a high degree of association (p < 0.001). The impact of FNMEP monitoring on surgical strategy is exemplified in an illustrative case.

Conclusions
In surgeries that put the facial nerve at risk, the intraoperative increase in FNMEP stimulation threshold was closely correlated to postoperative facial nerve dysfunction. Monitoring of FNMEPs is a valid indicator of facial nerve function in skull base surgery. It should be used as an adjunct to direct electrical facial nerve stimulation and continuous electromyographic monitoring of facial nerve target muscles.
Dabigatran Etexilate: Management In Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Javedani Parisa P. , Horowitz B. Zane , Clark Wayne M. , Lutsep Helmi L. 
Published: March 2013

A 54-year-old man treated with dabigatran experienced new onset of a stroke with a score of 9 on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale. Administration of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) was not recommended because of the dabigatran therapy. Angiography showed occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery by an embolic thrombus. Suction thrombectomy achieved flow through the inferior division of the artery. Computed tomography of the head showed possible intracranial hemorrhage, and dabigatran reversal was attempted with prothrombin complex concentrate and recombinant factor VIIa. Coagulation studies before administration of the reversal blood products showed a partial thromboplastin time of 30.3 seconds; 1 hour after administration, the partial thromboplastin time was 28.5 seconds. No evidence of intracranial hemorrhage was apparent on repeated computed tomography scans of the brain. He was discharged with aspirin and warfarin and a stroke score of 8. (American Journal of Critical Care. 2013;22:169–176)
The use of long-term oral anticoagulation is indicated for prevention of cardiac thromboembolism in selected patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. With the emergence of new potent oral agents— including the selective direct thrombin inhibitor dabigatran—clinicians must become familiar with the management of such patients. In this case report, we present a man who had an acute ischemic stroke while taking dabigatran and discuss the medical decision making regarding management issues.
CNE Article: Pain After Lung Transplant: High-Frequency Chest Wall Oscillation vs Chest Physiotherapy
Authors: Esguerra-Gonzalez Angeli , Ilagan-Honorio Monina , Fraschilla Stephanie , Kehoe Priscilla , Lee Ai Jin , Marcarian Taline , Mayol-Ngo Kristina , Miller Pamela S. , Onga Jay , Rodman Betty , Ross David , Sommer Susan , Takayanagi Sumiko , Toyama Joy , Villamor Filma , Weigt S. Samuel , Gawlinski Anna 
Published: March 2013

Background
Chest physiotherapy and high-frequency chest wall oscillation (HFCWO) are routinely used after lung transplant to facilitate removal of secretions. To date, no studies have been done to investigate which therapy is more comfortable and preferred by lung transplant recipients. Patients who have less pain may mobilize secretions, heal, and recover faster.

Objectives
To compare effects of HFCWO versus chest physiotherapy on pain and preference in lung transplant recipients.

Methods
In a 2-group experimental, repeated-measures design, 45 lung transplant recipients (27 single lung, 18 bilateral) were randomized to chest physiotherapy (10 AM, 2 PM) followed by HFCWO (6 PM, 10 PM; group 1, n=22) or vice versa (group 2, n=23) on postoperative day 3. A verbal numeric rating scale was used to measure pain before and after treatment. At the end of the treatment sequence, a 4-item patient survey was administered to assess treatment preference, pain, and effectiveness. Data were analyzed with χ2 and t tests and repeated-measures analysis of variance.

Results
A significant interaction was found between mean difference in pain scores from before to after treatment and treatment method; pain scores decreased more when HFCWO was done at 10 AM and 6 PM (P =.04). Bilateral transplant recipients showed a significant preference for HFCWO over chest physiotherapy (11 [85%] vs 2 [15%], P=.01). However, single lung recipients showed no significant difference in preference between the 2 treatments (11 [42%] vs 14 [54%]).

Conclusions
HFCWO seems to provide greater decreases in pain scores than does chest physiotherapy. Bilateral lung transplant recipients preferred HFCWO to chest physiotherapy. HFCWO may be an effective, feasible alternative to chest physiotherapy. (American Journal of Critical Care. 2013;22:115–125)
Mathematical Representation of Social Capital and Human Bonds shown for the Great East Japan Earthquake
Authors: Kawarada Hideo , Suito Hiroshi 
Published: March 2013

AbstractDirectly after the Great East Japan disaster, various acts for mutual aid among victims and also between victims and non-victims spread out in different places throughout Japan. This paper presents a mathematical formulation of social capital regarded as existing as the background to these actions, with application to refuge phenomena in the aftermath of the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Plant.