bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Legal Prevention of Ambush Marketing – Case Study of UEFA Euro 2012
Authors: Piątkowska Monika 
Published: January 2013

Abstract Given the seriousness and negative consequences of the ambush marketing phenomenon, it was necessary to fight with great force and strength ambush marketing activities by developing effective prevention strategies. There might be two categories of strategies distinguished: reactive and proactive strategies (Burton & Chadwick, 2008). The most common proactive strategy is to pass normative acts regulating the issues of ambush marketing by the host-country of the sporting event.The purpose of this paper is an analysis of Polish preparations to host the 2012 UEFA European Football Championship in the context of the legal response to unfair practices of ambush marketing.The scope of existing legislation of general application provides sufficient protection for the obligations arising from the Polish international agreements. Issues relating to the protection of intellectual property rights are governed by acts dealing with combating unfair competition, copyright and industrial property law.Poland has not introduced additional regulations protecting the rights of the organizers and official sponsors of major sporting events against fraudulent marketing activities. When analyzing the current legal status it can be concluded that Poland fulfilled the guarantees provided to UEFA. The government adopted the simplest solution: they accepted the facts and did not make any amendments to the existing legal system.
Advanced MRI in malignant neoplasms of the uterus
Authors: Kido Aki , Fujimoto Koji , Okada Tomohisa , Togashi Kaori 
Published: January 2013

AbstractConventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) such as T1‐weighted and T2‐weighted images of the female pelvis provide morphological information with excellent tissue contrast, which reflects the pathology of malignant diseases of the uterus. Owing to the recent improvement in hardware and software, in combination with extensive research in imaging techniques, not only MRI at higher magnetic field was facilitated, but also insight into tumor pathophysiology was provided. These methods include diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI), dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI (DCE‐MRI) with pharmacokinetic analysis, and MR spectroscopy (MRS). The application of these techniques is expanding from the brain to the body because information on the tissue microenvironment and cytoarchitecture is helpful for lesion characterization, evaluation of treatment response after chemotherapy or radiation, differentiating posttherapeutic changes from residual active tumor, and for detecting recurrent cancer. These techniques may provide clues to optimize the treatment of patients with malignant diseases of the uterus. In the first half of this article we provide an overview of the technical aspects of MRI of the female pelvis, especially focusing on the state‐of‐the‐art techniques such as 3 T MRI, DCE‐MRI, DWI, etc. For the latter half we review the clinical aspects of these newly developed techniques, focusing on how these techniques are applicable, what has been revealed with respect to clinical impact, and the remaining problems. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;37:249–264. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cardiovascular and respiratory effects of the degree of head‐down angle during robot‐assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy
Authors: Kadono Yoshifumi , Yaegashi Hiroshi , Machioka Kazuaki , Ueno Satoru , Miwa Sotaro , Maeda Yuji , Miyagi Tohru , Mizokami Atsushi , Fujii Yuka , Tsubokawa Tsunehisa , Yamamoto Ken , Namiki Mikio 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundRobot‐assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALP) requires a steep Trendelenburg position and CO2 pneumoperitoneum for several hours to secure the surgical visual field. The present study was performed to investigate the influence of each angle of Trendelenburg position during RALP on cardiovascular and respiratory homeostasis.MethodsForty‐seven ASA physical status 1 and 2 patients underwent open retropubic radical prostatectomy (RRP) or RALP. Patients receiving RALP were randomized to undergo the operation in the 20°, 25° or 30° Trendelenburg position. Heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), respiratory rate (RR), end‐tidal CO2 pressure (PetCO2), tidal volume (Vt), peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) and dynamic compliance (Cdyn) were recorded during the operation.ResultsAngle of head‐down tilt was significantly correlated with MAP, PIP and Cdyn, but not with HR, RR or PetCO2. MAP decreased gradually over time in each group in the Trendelenburg position with pneumoperitoneum. As the angle of head‐down tilt became stronger, MAP, RR, PetCO2 and PIP tended to increase and Cdyn tended to decrease.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that the degree of the head‐down angle at RALP affected the cardiovascular and respiratory parameters. Pneumoperitoneum with head‐down position in RALP influenced the cardiovascular and respiratory system to a greater extent than RRP, and these effects were stronger with deeper head‐down angle. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Behavioral Correlates of Post‐Breeding Weight Change in a Captive Flock of American Flamingos (Phoenicopterus ruber ruber)
Authors: Hughes Austin L. , Raynes Amber , Driscoll Caroline , Babler Jenna 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIn a captive flock of American flamingos (Phoenicopterus ruber ruber), a pattern of weight loss after the breeding season was observed in the majority of individuals of both sexes, but weights eventually stabilized after several months. Social dominance (as determined by a 6‐month behavioral study) was a highly significant predictor of early post‐breeding weight loss, with dominant individuals undergoing less severe weight loss over this period; and behavioral observations supported the hypothesis that social dominance enhanced access to food in both males and females. Later in the study period, social dominance was no longer a significant predictor of weight changes, but rather individuals that had undergone previous large weight losses seemed to spend a greater amount of time feeding in an apparent effort to offset weight loss. Over the course of the study, there was a marked decline in both the proportion of agonistic encounters that were resolved and in the proportion of agonistic encounters that occurred at the feeder. These trends occurred even though there was no evidence of a decrease in overall use of the feeder. Thus, dominance‐related differences with respect to food access and post‐breeding weight loss appeared to be transitory phenomena, which corrected themselves as levels of aggression eventually declined. Intervention to increase the equality of food access in the post‐breeding period may not be necessary in captive flamingo flocks, since low social rank in most cases appears not to have harmful long‐term consequences. Zoo Biol. 32:204–209, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals Inc.
Olanzapine treatment of adolescent rats alters adult reward behaviour and nucleus accumbens function
Authors: Vinish Monika , Elnabawi Ahmed , Milstein Jean A. , Burke Jesse S. , Kallevang Jonathan K. , Turek Kevin C. , Lansink Carien S. , Merchenthaler Istvan , Bailey Aileen M. , Kolb Bryan , Cheer Joseph F. , Frost Douglas O. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Antipsychotic drugs are increasingly used in children and adolescents to treat a variety of psychiatric disorders. However, little is known about the long-term effects of early life antipsychotic drug (APD) treatment. Most APDs are potent antagonists or partial agonists of dopamine (DA) D2 receptors; atypical APDs also have multiple serotonergic activities. DA and serotonin regulate many neurodevelopmental processes. Thus, early life APD treatment can, potentially, perturb these processes, causing long-term behavioural and neurobiological sequelae. We treated adolescent, male rats with olanzapine (Ola) on post-natal days 28–49, under dosing conditions that approximate those employed therapeutically in humans. As adults, they exhibited enhanced conditioned place preference for amphetamine, as compared to vehicle-treated rats. In the nucleus accumbens core, DA D1 receptor binding was reduced, D2 binding was increased and DA release evoked by electrical stimulation of the ventral tegmental area was reduced. Thus, adolescent Ola treatment enduringly alters a key behavioural response to rewarding stimuli and modifies DAergic neurotransmission in the nucleus accumbens. The persistence of these changes suggests that even limited periods of early life Ola treatment may induce enduring changes in other reward-related behaviours and in behavioural and neurobiological responses to therapeutic and illicit psychotropic drugs. These results underscore the importance of improved understanding of the enduring sequelae of paediatric APD treatment as a basis for weighing the benefits and risks of adolescent APD therapy, especially prophylactic treatment in high-risk, asymptomatic patients.
Development of Biological Motion Processing in Normalcy and Pathology
Authors: Pavlova Marina A. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractVisual processing of biological motion by living organisms is crucial for adaptive social behavior and nonverbal communication. Investigations of how the perception of body motion operates in populations with developmental disorders of different etiologies can provide important insights into the neural mechanisms that underlie social perceptions. This chapter describes the role of structural and functional brain connectivity for biological motion perception and visual social cognition.
It’s the Way You Walk
Authors: Johnston Lucy 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis chapter considers whether human gait conveys information to observers about one’s vulnerability to attack. Specifically, it describes a program of research in which the “kinematic fingerprint” of physical vulnerability is assessed. Observers of point-light-defined body motions form impressions of physical vulnerability that achieve a high level of consensus. Additionally, the authors examine factors that contribute to these perceptions (e.g., manner of dress) and that can mitigate these perceptions (e.g., changing gait).
Coordinating Social Beings in Motion
Authors: Marsh Kerry L. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis chapter offers a body-movement-based account of how essential our bodies, embedded in a social environment, are to social interaction. Evidence suggests that multiple bodies in motion are interdependent and coordinated such that, through self-organization processes, body movements are pulled toward universal patterns of synchrony. Consequently, through mutual response and adaptation to one another’s actions, individuals shift from being autonomous to coordinated units.
Brain Mechanisms for Social Perception
Authors: Pelphrey Kevin , Shultz Sarah 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
The levels of social impairment experienced by different individuals with autism spectrum disorder strongly correlate with the degrees of dysfunction within each individual’s superior temporal sulcus (STS), a key region in social perception, in general, and in the perception of biological motion, in specific. From a developmental perspective, while STS responsiveness becomes increasingly selective for human movement in typical children, observers with autism show less selective tuning. Brain imaging research is reviewed that supports an interactive development model of the social brain and social perception.
Did Concentration Increase Inequality?
Authors: Rohit  
Published: January 2013

AbstractAfter presenting independent evidence of a weakened working class and a resurgent capitalist class in chapter 2, chapter 3 attempts to link these two up. An aggressive process of concentration in business through ‘downsize and distribute’ involved steps like union busting, labour-displacing technical change, and greater incentive to top executives whose sole focus was on shareholder value maximisation. At the same time, a stronger capitalist class could force the government to keep a tab on the minimum wages to ensure competitiveness in the global markets. These arguments are established by presenting some secondary level data on the possible macroeconomic effects of mergers and acquisitions.
Conclusion
Authors: Rohit  
Published: January 2013

AbstractWith the withdrawal of the Keynesian demand-management policies of the post-World War era, the world economy became increasingly dependent of the asset-price inflated consumption demand in the US and, consequently, on the exports from the ‘emerging economies’. But once the asset-price bubbles burst and consequently consumption evaporated in the US, the world economy witnessed the worst crisis since the days of the Great Depression. It is becoming clear by the day that the burden of cleaning up the mess created by such a growth process is falling invariably on the working classes of both the third world countries as well as the advanced capitalist world. This is the time to reassert alternative policy prescriptions which would be beneficial to the common people of the world.
Introduction: The Lands of the Britons
Authors: Charles-Edwards T. M. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
The chapter considers the different senses of ‘Britain’. ‘the Britons’, ‘the Welsh’, and ‘Cymry’ in the early medieval period. It also surveys the lands that remained British up to c. 600. These extended southwards from the Firth of Forth (which divided the territory of the Picts to the north from the British people known as the Votadini, later Gododdin) and proceeds from one people and kingdom to another down the west side of Britain, including the Isle of Man, to Wales, Dumnonia and Cornwall in the south‐west, and across the sea to Brittany.
The Britons and the Northumbrians, 547–685
Authors: Charles-Edwards T. M. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
This chapter begins the third part of the book, devoted mainly to relations between the Welsh (and other Britons) and the English. It tackles some major sources of which scholars have taken very different views. Included are, first, sources for the history of events: the Annales Cambriae, the Chronicle of Ireland, and the Northern History in the Historia Brittonum; then the early British royal genealogies; and finally early British poetry (the Gododdin and the poems ascribed to Taliesin). It is argued that the Annales Cambriae and the British entries in the Chronicle of Ireland did not derive from a single North‐British source and that the Northern History may well be independent of the Annales Cambriae. The B version of the Gododdin is seen as a very early text.
The Transformations of the Ninth Century
Authors: Charles-Edwards T. M. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
The chapter deals with two major changes: the first was in Gwynedd, where a new dynasty took power in the person of Merfyn Frych, a dynasty that derived from the Isle of Man and would endure until 1282–3; the second was the change from an England of several kingdoms to an England of one. Although the second was primarily part of English history, the Welsh were involved at several points and the consequences were crucial for Welsh as well as for English history. Before this change, a Wales of several kingdoms faced an England of several kingdoms; after this change, the English kingdom came to encompass the whole English people, something which never happened in Wales. The reign of Alfred saw, in the 880s, a policy towards the Welsh different from any that preceded it or any followed by his successors.
The Publicity of Meaning and the Interiority of Mind
Authors: Smith Barry C. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIn his writings on the later Wittgenstein, Crispin Wright deals in detail with two themes he sees as closely related: the nature of our knowledge of our own intentional states and the nature of rule-following. Wright’s work brings out deep connections between the two issues and he attempts to provide a similar epistemological treatment of both. However, in each case, the first-person perspective of the thinker and rule-follower goes missing from the accounts of the special way we know our own minds and meanings. The chapter shows that other parts of Wright’s work provide him with the resources to provide a fully satisfying account that reconciles the inner and outer aspects of mind and meaning.
Objectivity, Explanation, and Cognitive Shortfall
Authors: Shapiro Stewart 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe chapter addresses some of Wright’s main theses in his widely influential Truth and Objectivity. According to Wright, objectivity is not a univocal concept. There are different notions or axes of objectivity, and a given chunk of discourse can exhibit some of these and not others. The purpose of this chapter is to explore aspects of two of these axes, cognitive command and the width of cosmological role. In both cases, we quickly run up against a sort of Kant/Waismann/Quine perspective. We have to explore the extent to which we can sort out the aspects of our best theories, explanations, and, indeed, statements, that are tied to human interests, perspectives, and judgements, and the parts that are tied to the way the world is, independent of said interests, perspectives, and judgements. We also encounter delicate issues in epistemology and the philosophy of science along the way.
Introduction
Authors: Stobart Jon 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
The introduction critically reviews the historiography of consumption and how this relates to the grocery trade. It draws out novelty, luxury and utility as key concepts shaping our understanding of eighteenth‐century consumption; evaluates a number of important theories of consumption, including those of Simmel, Veblen, McKendrick, Smith, and de Vries, and outlines the relative neglect of groceries in the historiography of retailing. In tracing these debates, the introduction highlights key themes to be explored in the book: first, the relationship between the grocery trade and British colonialism; second, the changing nature of eighteenth‐century retailing, and particularly the relationship between supply and demand; third, the extent and nature of consumers' engagement with the market and particularly their shopping practices; fourth, the relative usefulness of novelty, luxury and utility as causal factors underpinning consumer choices, and fifth, the relationship between groceries and wider conceptions of consumer change.
8 Baskets of Goods: Customers and Shopping Practices
Authors: Stobart Jon 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
This chapter examines in detail the changing patterns and practices of shopping for groceries, highlighting three related areas which link into the broader literature on shopping. It starts by exploring the social and gender characteristics of those buying new and more traditional groceries. Whilst there were typical baskets of goods purchased by men and women, few conformed to these gender norms, consumption bundles being broad and inclusive. The chapter builds on this to argue that the practices of even poor consumers suggests that shopping for groceries was an everyday activity by the late eighteenth century and that many people were able to spread their custom and effectively ‘shop around’. It is less certain that shoppers engaged in the sort of polite consumption practices modelled by Berry, but they undoubtedly enjoyed the sociability of shopping and the shop.
10 Cups, Caddies, and Castors: Groceries and Domestic Material Culture
Authors: Stobart Jon 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
This final chapter explores the relationship between the consumption of (new) groceries and changing domestic material culture. The chapter builds on earlier studies of the ownership of goods linked to hot drinks to assess the spread of a much wider set of items linked to the consumption of groceries within the home, arguing that consumption bundles must be broadly conceived and set within the spatiality of the home. Whilst notions of front and back stage are too simplistic to capture the complexities and practicalities of everyday life, they offer a useful shorthand for spatial differentiation in the home. Furthermore, The chapter argues that the bundling of goods around the consumption of imported groceries involved a mixing of new and old goods and practices within the home, and was inspired by a range of motivations rather than a single socially — inclusive cultural shift such as respectability.
Inverse Instrumentality: How Technologies Objectify Patients and Players
Authors: Bonnie A. Nardi Hamid Ekbia 
Published: January 2013

AbstractA growing trend in the development of large-scale technological systems seeks to strategically insert human beings into these systems in order to allow them to function in intended ways. These “technologies of objectification” enable situations where individuals are turned into either fragmented or totalized subjects. The chapter identifies certain types of health technologies and multiplayer online games as systems that objectify patients and players, turning them into docile or actively engaged subjects, respectively. Through the analysis of specific examples of each technology, the chapter demonstrates how software systems regulate human behavior in an expectant manner, drawing them in or pushing them away from certain kinds of activities. The chapter discusses the implications of this analysis for the question of materiality, and argue for a view that understands (de)materialization as a process rather than a settled dichotomy.
Pencils, Legos, and Guns: A Study of Artifacts Used in Architecture
Authors: Groleau Carole , Demers Christiane 
Published: January 2013

AbstractDrawing on activity theory, this chapter conducts a comparative analysis involving the use of artifacts in concept development, among architects, based on data presented by Elke Krasny (2008). Artifacts carry with them historically grounded means and methods (Engeström, 1987) that provide organizational members with various potential avenues to act upon their context. The analysis reveals that, beyond their particular characteristics, material artifacts are associated with various social configurations involving different types of negotiation among participants taking part in the design process. The results allow us to frame sociomateriality, beyond the actual context in which activity unfolds, and to see how contextualized practices actualize or challenge different socio-historical traditions coexisting within a particular professional group.
The Occupation and Israeli Democracy
Authors: Ezrahi Yaron 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
The chapter presents the political effects of the occupation, in describing its imprinting on the structure and political culture of the Israel regime, which endanger the State’s future democratic character. The chapter provides observations on the destructive impact of the occupation on Israeli politics, legal structure, the military, social perceptions of the boundaries of the legitimate internal and external uses of force, norms and practices of the bureaucracy, the educational system, the formal and informal status of Israeli Arabs, the relations between religion and politics and the international legitimacy of Israel as a democracy.
The Occupation and Its Effect on the Israel Defense Forces
Authors: Pedatzur Reuven 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
The chapter focuses on the effects that the occupation has had on the Israeli army. It argues that the army has naturally played a major role in the management of the occupied territories. In fulfilling this role the army has been responsible for encouraging, initiating, realizing and supporting the Jewish settlement in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. This role has led to illegal acts, to the legitimization of illegal acts, to political involvement of the army and to the disregard of violations of the Palestinians’ human rights. It has also led to neglect in preparing the military to fight a conventional war as it was preoccupied with containing the resistance of the Palestinians to occupation and fighting the emerging terror.