bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of pelvic floor muscle training during pregnancy and after childbirth on prevention and treatment of urinary incontinence: a systematic review
Authors: Mørkved Siv , Bø Kari 
Published: January 2013

BackgroundUrinary incontinence (UI) is a common condition in women causing reduced quality of life and withdrawal from fitness and exercise activities. Pregnancy and childbirth are established risk factors. Current guidelines for exercise during pregnancy have no or limited focus on the evidence for the effect of pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) in the prevention and treatment of UI.AimsSystematic review to address the effect of PFMT during pregnancy and after delivery in the prevention and treatment of UI.Data sourcesPubMed, CENTRAL, Cochrane Library, EMBASE and PEDro databases and hand search of available reference lists and conference abstracts (June 2012).MethodsStudy eligibility criteria: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasiexperimental trials published in the English language. Participants: Primiparous or multiparous pregnant or postpartum women. Interventions: PFMT with or without biofeedback, vaginal cones or electrical stimulation. Study appraisal and synthesis methods: Both authors independently reviewed, grouped and qualitatively synthesised the trials.Results22 randomised or quasiexperimental trials were found. There is a very large heterogeneity in the populations studied, inclusion and exclusion criteria, outcome measures and content of PFMT interventions. Based on the studies with relevant sample size, high adherence to a strength-training protocol and close follow-up, we found that PFMT during pregnancy and after delivery can prevent and treat UI. A supervised training protocol following strength-training principles, emphasising close to maximum contractions and lasting at least 8 weeks is recommended.ConclusionsPFMT is effective when supervised training is conducted. Further high-quality RCTs are needed especially after delivery. Given the prevalence of female UI and its impact on exercise participation, PFMT should be incorporated as a routine part of women's exercise programmes in general.
Assessing inter-rater agreement of environmental audit data in a matched case-control study on bicycling injuries
Authors: Romanow Nicole T R , Couperthwaite Amy B , McCormack Gavin R , Nettel-Aguirre Alberto , Rowe Brian H , Hagel Brent E 
Published: January 2013

BackgroundEnvironmental audit tools must be reliable in order to accurately estimate the association between built environmental characteristics and bicycling injury risk.ObjectiveTo examine the inter-rater agreement of a built environment audit tool within a case-control study on the environmental determinants of bicycling injuries.MethodsAuditor pairs visited locations where bicycling injuries occurred and independently recorded location characteristics using the Systematic Pedestrian and Cyclist Environmental Scan (SPACES). Two case groups were defined: (1) where a bicyclist was struck by a motor-vehicle (MV) and (2) where the bicyclist's injuries required hospitalisation. The two corresponding control groups were (1) where non-MV bicycle-related injuries occurred and (2) where minor bicycle-related injuries occurred. Inter-rater reliability of each item on the tool was assessed using observed agreement and κ with 95% CI.ResultsNinety-seven locations were audited. Inter-observer agreement was generally high (≥95%); most items had a 1–2% difference in responses. Items with ≥5% differences between raters included path condition, slope and obstructions. For land use, path and roadway characteristics, κ ranged from 0.3 for presence of offices and cleanliness to 0.9 for schools and number of lanes; overall, 78% of items had at least substantial agreement (κ≥0.61). For bicyclists struck by a MV the proportion of items with substantial agreement was 60%, compared with 73% for non-MV related injuries. For hospitalisations and minor bicycle-related injuries, 76% of items had substantial agreement.ConclusionsAgreement was substantial for most, but not all SPACES items. The SPACES provides reliable quantitative descriptions of built environmental characteristics at bicycling injury locations.
The association between recreational parks, facilities and childhood obesity: a cross-sectional study of the 2007 National Survey of Children's Health
Authors: Alexander Dayna S , Huber Larissa R Brunner , Piper Crystal R , Tanner Amanda E 
Published: January 2013

BackgroundDespite the rising childhood obesity rates, few studies have examined the association between access to recreational parks and facilities and obesity.MethodsA cross-sectional study was performed among 42 278 US children who participated in the 2007 National Survey of Children's Health. Access to parks and recreational facilities was self-reported by parents, and body mass index was calculated from parents’ self-report of the child's height and weight. Logistic regression was used to obtain ORs and 95% CIs. Since obesity was not a rare occurrence, an OR correction method was used to provide a more reliable estimate of the prevalence ratio (PR).ResultsChildren with access to parks and facilities had decreased prevalence of obesity as compared to children without access (PR=0.79, 95% CI 0.69 to 0.91). After adjustment for covariates, the magnitude of the association remained unchanged; however, results were no longer statistically significant (PR=0.77, 95% CI 0.55 to 1.07). Race/ethnicity was an effect modifier of the access–obesity relationship (p<0.0001). Among Non-Hispanic White children, there was no strong association (PR=0.89, 95% CI 0.64 to 1.23). However, among Non-Hispanic Black children, those who had access to recreational parks and facilities had 0.40 times the prevalence of obesity as compared to those without access, and this result was statistically significant (95% CI 0.17 to 0.90).ConclusionsThis research highlights potential health disparities in childhood obesity due to limited access to recreational parks and facilities. Additional studies are needed to further investigate this association. If confirmed, providing safe, accessible parks and facilities may be one way to combat childhood obesity, particularly among minority children.
Prescribing for weight loss in primary care: evidence from a population based study
Authors: Patterson Lynsey , Patterson Chris , Kee Frank , Hughes Carmel , Donnelly Michael , O'Reilly Dermot 
Published: January 2013

BackgroundTaking antiobesity medication can be a cost effective way to lose weight. Uptake is determined in part by a General Practitioner's decision to prescribe weight loss medication and, in part, by patient preference. It is probable that the latter may indicate a patient's readiness to lose weight.MethodsAnalysis of cross-sectional data (from February 2003 to March 2011) from a population based prescribing database (∼1.75 million people) using an adjusted Poisson regression.ResultsThe number of antiobesity medications increased from 23.4 per 1000 population in 2004 to 30.7 per 1000 population in 2010 and was three times higher in female than in male subjects. Against this background, a marked seasonal variation in the number of antiobesity medications dispensed was evident (p<0.001), peaking in June/July with a trough in December/January (±8.0% peak to trough). The seasonal component was stronger in female subjects, ±11.2% peak to trough, compared with ±3.5% for male subjects.ConclusionsObese patients, particularly women, increase their uptake of weight loss medication in the months leading up to the summer holiday period. The period prior to the summer may represent a time that health professionals could promote increased participation of obese patients in weight loss programmes.
CUL3andNRF2Mutations Confer an NRF2 Activation Phenotype in a Sporadic Form of Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Ooi Aikseng , Dykema Karl , Ansari Asif , Petillo David , Snider John , Kahnoski Richard , Anema John , Craig David , Carpten John , Teh Bin-Tean , Furge Kyle A. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractSustained activation of the stress-regulated transcription factor NRF2 (NFE2L2) is a prominent feature of many types of cancer, implying that mutations driving NRF2 may be important to tumor progression. In hereditary type 2 papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC2, also known as hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer), NRF2 activation is a direct consequence of the accumulation of intracellular fumarate, a result of fumarate hydratase (FH) inactivation, but it is not clear how NRF2 may be activated in sporadic forms of PRCC2. Here we show that somatic mutations in NRF2, CUL3, and SIRT1 are responsible for driving the NRF2 activation phenotype in sporadic PRCC2. Transcriptome sequencing revealed the expression pattern of mutant alleles of NRF2, CUL3, and SIRT1 and also confirmed NRF2 activation in clinical specimens. Our results show a convergence in somatic mutations in sporadic PRCC2 with FH mutation in hereditary PRCC2. Cancer Res; 73(7); 2044–51. ©2013 AACR.
Anti-CD20 Antibody Promotes Cancer Escape via Enrichment of Tumor-Evoked Regulatory B Cells Expressing Low Levels of CD20 and CD137L
Authors: Bodogai Monica , Lee Chang Catalina , Wejksza Katarzyna , Lai Jinping , Merino Maria , Wersto Robert P. , Gress Ronald E. , Chan Andrew C. , Hesdorffer Charles , Biragyn Arya 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe possible therapeutic benefits of B-cell depletion in combating tumoral immune escape have been debated. In support of this concept, metastasis of highly aggressive 4T1 breast cancer cells in mice can be abrogated by inactivation of tumor-evoked regulatory B cells (tBreg). Here, we report the unexpected finding that B-cell depletion by CD20 antibody will greatly enhance cancer progression and metastasis. Both murine and human tBregs express low levels of CD20 and, as such, anti-CD20 mostly enriches for these cells. In the 4T1 model of murine breast cancer, this effect of enriching for tBregs suggests that B-cell depletion by anti-CD20 may not be beneficial at all in some cancers. In contrast, we show that in vivo–targeted stimulation of B cells with CXCL13-coupled CpG oligonucleotides (CpG-ODN) can block cancer metastasis by inhibiting CD20Low tBregs. Mechanistic investigations suggested that CpG-ODN upregulates low surface levels of 4-1BBL on tBregs to elicit granzyme B–expressing cytolytic CD8+ T cells, offering some explanative power for the effect. These findings underscore the immunotherapeutic importance of tBreg inactivation as a strategy to enhance cancer therapy by targeting both the regulatory and activating arms of the immune system in vivo. Cancer Res; 73(7); 2127–38. ©2013 AACR.
A Phase I/II Trial of Pazopanib in Combination with Lapatinib in Adult Patients with Relapsed Malignant Glioma
Authors: Reardon David A. , Groves Morris D. , Wen Patrick Y. , Nabors Louis , Mikkelsen Tom , Rosenfeld Steve , Raizer Jeffrey , Barriuso Jorge , McLendon Roger E. , Suttle A. Benjamin , Ma Bo , Curtis C. Martin , Dar Mohammed M. , de Bono Johann 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Purpose: Increased mitogenic signaling and angiogenesis, frequently facilitated by somatic activation of EGF receptor (EGFR; ErbB1) and/or loss of PTEN, and VEGF overexpression, respectively, drive malignant glioma growth. We hypothesized that patients with recurrent glioblastoma would exhibit differential antitumor benefit based on tumor PTEN/EGFRvIII status when treated with the antiangiogenic agent pazopanib and the ErbB inhibitor lapatinib.
Experimental Design: A phase II study evaluated the antitumor activity of pazopanib 400 mg/d plus lapatinib 1,000 mg/d in patients with grade 4 malignant glioma and known PTEN/EGFRvIII status not receiving enzyme-inducing anticonvulsants (EIAC). The phase II study used a two-stage Green–Dahlberg design for futility. An independent, parallel phase I component determined the maximum-tolerated regimen (MTR) of pazopanib and lapatinib in patients with grade 3/4 glioma receiving EIACs.
Results: The six-month progression-free survival (PFS) rates in phase II (n = 41) were 0% and 15% in the PTEN/EGFRvIII-positive and PTEN/EGFRvIII-negative cohorts, respectively, leading to early termination. Two patients (5%) had a partial response and 14 patients (34%) had stable disease lasting 8 or more weeks. In phase I (n = 34), the MTR was not reached. On the basis of pharmacokinetic and safety review, a regimen of pazopanib 600 mg plus lapatinib 1,000 mg, each twice daily, was considered safe. Concomitant EIACs reduced exposure to pazopanib and lapatinib.
Conclusions: The antitumor activity of this combination at the phase II dose tested was limited. Pharmacokinetic data indicated that exposure to lapatinib was subtherapeutic in the phase II evaluation. Evaluation of intratumoral drug delivery and activity may be essential for hypothesis-testing trials with targeted agents in malignant glioma. Clin Cancer Res; 19(4); 900–8. ©2012 AACR.
Expansion of CCR8+ Inflammatory Myeloid Cells in Cancer Patients with Urothelial and Renal Carcinomas
Authors: Eruslanov Evgeniy , Stoffs Taryn , Kim Wan-Ju , Daurkin Irina , Gilbert Scott M. , Su Li-Ming , Vieweg Johannes , Daaka Yehia , Kusmartsev Sergei 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Purpose: Chemokines are involved in cancer-related inflammation and malignant progression. In this study, we evaluated expression of CCR8 and its natural cognate ligand CCL1 in patients with urothelial carcinomas of bladder and renal cell carcinomas.
Experimental Design: We examined CCR8 expression in peripheral blood and tumor tissues from patients with bladder and renal carcinomas. CCR8-positive myeloid cells were isolated from cancer tissues with magnetic beads and tested in vitro for cytokine production and ability to modulate T-cell function.
Results: We show that monocytic and granulocytic myeloid cell subsets in peripheral blood of patients with cancer with urothelial and renal carcinomas display increased expression of chemokine receptor CCR8. Upregulated expression of CCR8 is also detected within human cancer tissues and primarily limited to tumor-associated macrophages. When isolated, CD11b+CCR8+ cell subset produces the highest levels of proinflammatory and proangiogenic factors among intratumoral CD11b myeloid cells. Tumor-infiltrating CD11b+CCR8+ cells selectively display activated Stat3 and are capable of inducing FoxP3 expression in autologous T lymphocytes. Primary human tumors produce substantial amounts of the natural CCR8 ligand CCL1.
Conclusions: This study provides the first evidence that CCR8+ myeloid cell subset is expanded in patients with cancer. Elevated secretion of CCL1 by tumors and increased presence of CCR8+ myeloid cells in peripheral blood and cancer tissues indicate that CCL1/CCR8 axis is a component of cancer-related inflammation and may contribute to immune evasion. Obtained results also implicate that blockade of CCR8 signals may provide an attractive strategy for therapeutic intervention in human urothelial and renal cancers. Clin Cancer Res; 19(7); 1670–80. ©2013 AACR.
Effective Anti-Neu–Initiated Antitumor Responses Require the Complex Role of CD4+ T Cells
Authors: Mortenson Eric D. , Park SaeGwang , Jiang Zhujun , Wang Shengdian , Fu Yang-Xin 
Published: January 2013

AbstractPurpose: Targeting oncogenic receptors with antibodies has been thought to suppress tumor growth mainly by interrupting oncogenic signals. Recently, the essential role for adaptive immunity, and CD8+ T cells in particular, has been established as a major factor for anti-HER2/neu–mediated tumor regression. However, the role of CD4+ T cells is still being defined. The purpose of this study was to explore whether and to what extent CD4+ T cells are involved in mediating the effects of anti-HER2/neu therapy.Experimental Design: The role of CD4+ T cells was examined using a transplant model of the rat HER2/neu–overexpressing cell line TUBO. Tumor-bearing mice were treated with anti-neu therapy in conjunction with CD4 depletion or CD40L blockade. The effects of CD4 depletion on the antitumor response were examined by tumor growth analysis and enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT).Results: In addition to CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells are also essential for anti-neu antibody-mediated tumor regression, but B cells are not required. The role for CD4+ cells is necessary throughout anti-neu therapy and not limited to helping CD8+ T cells. Expression of IFN-γ is necessary for anti-neu therapy and IFN-γ induces MHC-II expression in TUBO cells promoting direct recognition by CD4+ T cells. Furthermore, intratumoral depletion of CD4+ T cells or blockade of the activating cell-surface protein CD40L inhibits the antitumor response.Conclusions: This study reveals the essential role of CD4+ T cell for anti-neu–mediated tumor regression. Clin Cancer Res; 19(6); 1476–86. ©2013 AACR.
Significance of Divergent Expression of Prostaglandin EP4 and EP3 Receptors in Human Prostate Cancer
Authors: Huang Hosea F. S. , Shu Ping , Murphy Thomas F. , Aisner Seena , Fitzhugh Valerie A. , Jordan Mark L. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
PGE2 has been implicated in prostate cancer tumorigenesis. We hypothesized that abnormal prostaglandin receptor (EPR) expression may contribute to prostate cancer growth. Twenty-six archived radical prostatectomy specimens were evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blotting for the expression of EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4. As a corollary, EPR expression in one normal (PZ-HPV7) and four prostate cancer cell lines (CA-HPV10, LNCaP, PC3, and Du145) were assessed by Western blotting. Prostate cancer and normal cell growth were compared in vitro after EPR blockade, siRNA EPR knockdown, or overexpression. EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4 receptors were detected by IHC in all areas of benign tissue within the clinical prostate cancer specimens. In areas of prostate cancer, EP4 and EP2 were overexpressed in 85% (22 of 26) and 75% (18 of 24) and EP3 expression was reduced in all (26 of 26, 100%) specimens (P &lt; 0.05 vs. benign tissue). EP1 showed no specific differential expression pattern. Increased EP4 and reduced EP3 was confirmed by Western blotting in fresh clinical specimens and in prostate cancer cell lines (CA-HPV10, LNCaP, PC3, and Du145) compared with the normal prostate cell line (PZ-HPV7). EP2 and EP4 siRNA knockdown resulted in reduced in vitro growth and metastasis-related gene expression (MMP9 and Runx2) of prostate cancer lines, and in vitro migration was inhibited by EP4 antagonists. As a corollary, EP3-overexpressing PC3 cells displayed impaired growth in vitro. Human prostate cancer is associated with EP4 and EP2 overexpression and reduced EP3 expression. These data suggest that targeting specific EPR may represent a novel therapeutic approach for prostate cancer. Mol Cancer Res; 11(4); 427–39. ©2013 AACR.
Survey of laboratory tests used in the diagnosis and evaluation of haemophilia A
Authors: Chitlur Meera , Gomez Keith ,   the GEHEP panel
Published: January 2013

SummaryAlthough the incidence of haemophilia A is reportedly uniform across ethnic groups, the prevalence varies in different countries. This suggests variability in the effectiveness of diagnostic strategies which is of particular importance in the recognition of milder forms of the disease. To assess the different laboratory tests that are used in the diagnosis and subsequent management of haemophilia A we carried out a web-based survey of established haemophilia centres. This was sent to 13 haemophilia physicians from haemophilia-treatment centres in Germany, Italy, Spain, South Africa, Taiwan, Norway, Canada, UK and the USA. The survey asked for details of clotting tests, the use of genetic analysis and the use of global haemostatic assays in haemophilia A cases. The results show considerable variation in the laboratory methods used for the screening, diagnosis and monitoring of haemophilia A. There is variability in the techniques used even for longstanding, standardised assays such as the one-stage factor assay. There is marked regional variability in the use of molecular diagnosis. Assessment of haemophilia A requires accurate and sensitive assays. Some laboratories continue to rely on a single-factor assay in the diagnosis of non-severe disease, although cases with assay discrepancy may be missed by this strategy. Global assays are becoming important in the evaluation and management of patients. However, standardisation and the correlation with clinical outcomes require further study. Genetic diagnosis in patients with haemophilia remains underutilised in USA, possibly because of a lack of funding.
Venous thromboembolism in adults treated for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: Effect of fresh frozen plasma supplementation
Authors: van der Holt Bronno , Middeldorp Saskia , Meijers Joost C. M. , Cornelissen Jan J. , Bajetta Mariateresa , Biemond Bart J. , Lauw Mandy N. 
Published: January 2013

SummaryTreatment of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is frequently complicated by venous thromboembolism (VTE). The efficacy and optimal approach of VTE prevention are unclear, particularly in adult patients. We assessed the effect of thromboprophylaxis on symptomatic VTE incidence in cycle 1 of ALL treatment in adult patients. Secondly, we explored potential etiologic factors for VTE and the clinical impact of VTE on ALL outcome. We retrospectively assessed symptomatic VTE incidence and use of thromboprophylaxis in 240 adults treated for newly diagnosed ALL in the Dutch-Belgian HOVON-37 multicentre study (1999–2005). Potential etiologic factors were explored by analysis of patient and disease characteristics, impact of VTE on ALL outcome by analysis of complete remission and overall survival rates. Symptomatic VTE was observed in 24 of 240 patients (10%). Thromboprophylaxis differed by centre (prophylactic fresh frozen plasma (FFP) supplementation or no thromboprophylaxis) and was applied only during L-asparaginase in cycle 1. VTE incidence was significantly lower with FFP supplementation than without FFP (6% vs. 19%; adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0.28; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.10–0.73). FFP did not influence antithrombin or fibrinogen plasma levels. Patients with VTE in cycle 1 had a significantly poorer complete remission rate (adjusted OR 0.18; 95% CI 0.07–0.50), particularly patients with cerebral venous thrombosis (adjusted OR 0.17; 95% CI 0.04–0.65). Our study suggests that prophylactic FFP supplementation effectively reduces symptomatic VTE incidence during ALL treatment in adults. This should be confirmed in a randomised controlled trial.
Sea Ice Identification and Derivation of Its Velocity Field by X-Band Doppler Radar
Authors: Fujiyoshi Yasushi , Osumi Koji , Ohi Masayuki , Yamada Yoshinori 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
In this study a 3D scanning X-band Doppler radar (XDR) was deployed near the coast of the Sea of Okhotsk, Hokkaido, Japan, in November 2005 to simultaneously observe sea ice and snow clouds. Doppler radars are commonly used to detect wind fields within precipitating clouds. However, thus far, there have been no reports of observing sea ice with Doppler radar. Making use of the radar reflectivity, Doppler velocity, and spectrum width, sea ice floes were identified under various weather conditions. Also presented is a new method that combines Doppler radar data and sea ice velocity—extracted using the cross-correlation method—to derive a high-spatial-resolution horizontal distribution of the velocity of sea ice floes. These methods will contribute to short-term forecasting of sea ice conditions and navigation through ice-covered seas and the development and verification of high-resolution dynamic sea ice models.