bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A source authentication scheme based on message recovery digital signature for multicast
Authors: Yang Jen‐Ho , Lin Iuon‐Chang 
Published: January 2013

SUMMARYThe source authentication is an important issue for the multicast applications because it can let the receiver know whether the multicast message is sent from a legal source or not. However, the previously related schemes did not provide the confidentiality for data packets. In addition, the communication costs of these schemes are still high for real‐time applications in the multicast environments. To solve the aforementioned problems, we propose a new source authentication scheme based on message recovery signature for multicast in this paper. In the proposed scheme, the encrypted data can be embedded in the digital signature, so the communication loads can be greatly reduced. In addition, the digital signature contains the encrypted data, and thus the confidentiality of data packets can be well protected. According to the aforementioned advantages, the proposed scheme is securer and more efficient than the related works for the real‐time applications. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of predation environment and food availability on somatic growth in theLivebearingFishBrachyrhaphis rhabdophora(Pisces:Poeciliidae)
Authors: Gale Brittany H. , Johnson Jerald B. , Bruce Schaalje G. , Belk Mark C. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractVariation in somatic growth rates is of great interest to biologists because of the relationship between growth and other fitness‐determining traits, and it results from both genetic and environmentally induced variation (i.e. plasticity). Theoretical predictions suggest that mean somatic growth rates and the shape of the reaction norm for growth can be influenced by variation in predator‐induced mortality rates. Few studies have focused on variation in reaction norms for growth in response to resource availability between high‐predation and low‐predation environments. We used juvenileBrachyrhaphis rhabdophorafrom high‐predation and low‐predation environments to test for variation in mean growth rates and for variation in reaction norms for growth at two levels of food availability in a common‐environment experiment. To test for variation in growth rates in the field, we compared somatic growth rates in juveniles in high‐predation and low‐predation environments. In the common‐environment experiment, mean growth rates did not differ between fish from differing predation environments, but the interaction between predation environment and food level took the form of a crossing reaction norm for both growth in length and mass. Fish from low‐predation environments exhibited no significant difference in growth rate between high and low food treatments. In contrast, fish from high‐predation environments exhibited variation in growth rates between high and low food treatments, with higher food availability resulting in higher growth rates. In the field, individuals in the high‐predation environment grow at a faster rate than those in low‐predation environments at the smallest sizes (comparable to sizes in the common‐environment experiment). These data provide no evidence for evolved differences in mean growth rates between predation environments. However, fish from high‐predation environments exhibited greater plasticity in growth rates in response to resource availability suggesting that predation environments may exhibit increased variation in food availability for prey fish and consequent selection for plasticity.
Physiological responses of Phragmites australis to the combined effects of water and salinity stress
Authors: Yang Zhifeng , Xie Tao , Liu Qiang 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTA pot culture experiment with four levels of soil water content (waterlogged condition, 90%, 75% and 60% of field capacity) and five levels of sodium chloride (NaCl) concentration (0, 60, 120, 180 and 240 mM) was conducted to examine the physiological responses of salt meadows Phragmites australis to soil water content and NaCl salinity in the Yellow River Delta, China. Results indicated that (i) the combined effects of soil water and NaCl salinity had significant influences on the light‐saturated photosynthetic rate (Pn max, F = 7·19, P < 0·01), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci, F = 24·92, P < 0·01) and stomatal conductance (gs, F = 18·16, P < 0·01) at light saturation of this species. The light‐saturated photosynthetic rate (Pn max) was the largest at 90% of field capacity with 60 mM NaCl salinity treatment (13·10 µmol CO2 m−2 s−1, SD ± 0·46) and decreased with the increase of NaCl salinity and water deficit. Under severe water and salinity stress, Pn max decreased with Ci rising substantially, which means the non‐stomatal limitations of P. australis occur; (ii) stress resistance in the salt meadow P. australis was closely related to the retention of a relatively higher water status and a higher content of potassium (K+) in leaves; and (iii) both content of sodium (Na+) and proline were significant increased by water stress and NaCl salinity stress, and the leaf proline content was positively correlated with the leaf Na+ content (r = 0·837, n = 60). Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electronic and Spin Structures of Polyoxometalate V15 from a First‐Principles Non‐Collinear Molecular‐Magnetism Approach
Authors: Maslyuk Volodymyr V. , Mertig Ingrid , Farberovich Oleg V. , Tarantul Alex , Tsukerblat Boris 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe results of first‐principles calculations of the electronic structure of a spin‐frustrated V15 cluster with the use of a generalized density functional scheme that allows non‐collinear spin configurations are presented. By using the results of these calculations, it was possible to determine a Heisenberg–Dirac–Van Vleck (HDVV) Hamiltonian with 21 exchange coupling parameters that link the V ions with predominant spin density and the ligands that carry partially transferred spin density. The numerical procedure is based on a least‐squares fit of the results obtained by deviation of the direction of the magnetic moment on each atom around the energy minimum. The energy pattern was found from the effective HDVV Hamiltonian acting in the restricted spin space of the V ions by the application of the irreducible tensor operators (ITO) technique. Comparisons of the energy pattern with that obtained with the isotropic exchange models conventionally used for the analysis of this system and with the results of non‐collinear spin structure calculations show that our complex investigations provide a good description of the pattern of the spin levels and spin structures of the nanomagnetic V15 cluster. The results are discussed in view of the general problem of spin frustration related to the orbital degeneracy of the antiferromagnetic ground state.
An Easy Route to N,N‐Diarylhydrazines by Cu‐Catalyzed Arylation of Pyridine‐2‐carbaldehyde Hydrazones with Aryl Halides
Authors: Wu Wei , Li Xin‐Le , Fan Xin‐Heng , Yang Lian‐Ming 
Published: January 2013

AbstractA copper‐catalyzed C–N coupling reaction is described for the preparation of pyridine‐2‐carbaldehyde N,N‐diarylhydrazones by the arylation of N‐mono‐ or ‐non‐substituted hydrazones with aryl bromides/iodides, and the subsequent conversion of the hydrazones into N,N‐diarylhydrazines by a transimination process with an aqueous solution of H2NNH2. The reaction features the use of CuI as the catalyst without the need for external ligands. This methodology provides a convenient alternative to the synthesis of structurally diverse N,N‐diarylhydrazines from simple, easily accessible precursors.
Regioselective Construction of Indene Skeletons by Palladium‐Catalyzed Annulation of Alkynylborates with o‐Iodophenyl Ketones
Authors: Shimamoto Yasuhiro , Sunaba Hanako , Ishida Naoki , Murakami Masahiro 
Published: January 2013

AbstractA palladium‐catalyzed annulation reaction of alkynylborates with o‐iodophenyl ketones to form indenes is described. Highly substituted indene skeletons are efficiently constructed with site‐specific installation of the substituents.
Bioactive 3D cell culture system minimizes cellular stress and maintains the in vivo‐like morphological complexity of astroglial cells
Authors: Puschmann Till B. , Zandén Carl , De Pablo Yolanda , Kirchhoff Frank , Pekna Marcela , Liu Johan , Pekny Milos 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWe tested the hypothesis that astrocytes grown in a suitable three‐dimensional (3D) cell culture system exhibit morphological and biochemical features of in vivo astrocytes that are otherwise lost upon transfer from the in vivo to a two‐dimensional (2D) culture environment. First, we report development of a novel bioactively coated nanofiber‐based 3D culture system (Bioactive3D) that supports cultures of primary mouse astrocytes. Second, we show that Bioactive3D culture system maintains the in vivo‐like morphological complexity of cultured cells, allows movement of astrocyte filopodia in a way that resembles the in vivo situation, and also minimizes the cellular stress, an inherent feature of standard 2D cell culture systems. Third, we demonstrate that the expression of gap junctions is reduced in astrocytes cultured in a 3D system that supports well‐organized cell–cell communication, in contrast to the enforced planar tiling of cells in a standard 2D system. Finally, we show that astrocytes cultured in the Bioactive3D system do not show the undesired baseline activation but are fully responsive to activation‐inducing stimuli. Thus, astrocytes cultured in the Bioactive3D appear to more closely resemble astrocytes in vivo and represent a superior in vitro system for assessing (patho)physiological and pharmacological responses of these cells and potentially also in co‐cultures of astrocytes and other cell types. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A novel strategy for conditional gene knockout based on ΦC31 integrase and Gal4/UAS system in Drosophila
Authors: Ou Hailong , Lei Tingwen 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe Gal4/upstream activating sequences (UAS) system offers great advantages in target gene expression by separating the responder line and diverse tissue‐specific expressed Gal4 driver lines in Drosophila. The bipartite system is commonly used in gain‐of‐function analysis, and by combining with the RNA interference technology, it can also be applied in loss‐of‐function analysis. However, the off‐target effect caused by this strategy has not been well solved so far. Furthermore, it can only partially knockdown a specific gene expression. In this study, a novel conditional gene knockout method that combined the use of ϕC31 integrase and Gal4/UAS system was described. The target gene was preliminarily flanked by ϕC31 integrase recognition sites attB and attP, followed by conditional expressed Gal4 lines to drive the recombinase that were under UAS control to achieve spatial and temporal gene deletion. We found the strategy performed well in Drosophila, and the efficiency was higher than 82% in gene knockout by self‐excision. Our strategy takes advantage of exiting Gal4 library to drive the recombinase, rather than conventionally used method which the recombinase was droved directly by specific promoters, thereby providing a more flexible and versatile tool for gene function analysis in Drosophila. © 2013 IUBMB Life, 65(2)144–148, 2013.
Cancer cell killing by Celecoxib: Reality or just in vitro precipitation‐related artifact?
Authors: Sacchetti Andrea 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAmong NSAIDs Celecoxib is one of the most efficient in triggering in vitro cancer cell death, and from this perspective has been subject of numerous studies. However, it is still controversial whether this in vitro‐observed effect can also occur in vivo and contribute to the antitumor action of the drug. Moreover, besides common agreement on the involvement of COX‐independent pathways, the mechanisms underlying Celecoxib toxicity are still unclear. In an attempt to shed light on these mechanisms, I found that cell death only occurs at insoluble concentrations of the drug, and follows irreversible binding and damage of the plasmamembrane by precipitates. This evidence strongly suggests that Celecoxib is devoid of true molecular toxicity. Moreover, since plasma levels reached during therapy are far below the threshold of toxic precipitation, direct cytotoxicity by Celecoxib is unlikely to occur on tumor cells in vivo. Thus the antitumor effect might be only due to COX inhibition, which requires significantly lower levels of the drug. Nonetheless, direct cytotoxicity might not be confined to an in vitro artifact, but contribute to the upper gastrointestinal side effects of Celecoxib. Overall, these findings represent an important basis for further studies on Celecoxib, where true molecular actions of the drug should be discriminated from the precipitate‐dependent ones, and the relationship between in vitro and in vivo effects considered at the light of the precipitate‐dependent model. Moreover, remarkably, this article indicates a model of critical analysis that can be extended to other poorly soluble drugs. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 1434–1444, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Selective inhibition of ATPase activity during contraction alters the activation of p38 MAP kinase isoforms in skeletal muscle
Authors: Brault Jeffrey J. , Pizzimenti Natalie M. , Dentel John N. , Wiseman Robert W. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractMuscle contractions strongly activate p38 MAP kinases, but the precise contraction‐associated sarcoplasmic event(s) (e.g., force production, energetic demands, and/or calcium cycling) that activate these kinases are still unclear. We tested the hypothesis that during contraction the phosphorylation of p38 isoforms is sensitive to the increase in ATP demand relative to ATP supply. Energetic demands were inhibited using N‐benzyl‐p‐toluene sulphonamide (BTS, type II actomyosin) and cyclopiazonic acid (CPA, SERCA). Extensor digitorum longus muscles from Swiss Webster mice were incubated in Ringer's solution (37°C) with or without inhibitors and then stimulated at 10 Hz for 15 min. Muscles were immediately freeze‐clamped for metabolite and Western blot analysis. BTS and BTS + CPA treatment decreased force production by 85%, as measured by the tension time integral, while CPA alone potentiated force by 310%. In control muscles, contractions resulted in a 73% loss of ATP content and a concomitant sevenfold increase in IMP content, a measure of sustained energetic imbalance. BTS or CPA treatment lessened the loss of ATP, but BTS + CPA treatment completely eliminated the energetic imbalance since ATP and IMP levels were nearly equal to those of non‐stimulated muscles. The independent inhibition of cytosolic ATPase activities had no effect on contraction‐induced p38 MAPK phosphorylation, but combined treatment prevented the increase in phosphorylation of the γ isoform while the α/β isoforms unaffected. These observations suggest that an energetic signal may trigger phosphorylation of the p38γ isoform and also may explain how contractions differentially activate signaling pathways. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 1445–1455, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Wnt3a regulates proliferation, apoptosis and function of pancreatic NIT‐1 beta cells via activation of IRS2/PI3K signaling
Authors: Gui Shuyan , Yuan Gang , Wang Lu , Zhou Lili , Xue Ying , Yu Yikai , Zhang Jianhua , Zhang Muxun , Yang Yan , Wang Dao Wen 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWnt‐signaling pathway is implicated in pancreatic development and functional regulation of mature beta‐cells. Wnt3a/Wnt pathway activation expands islet cell mass in vitro by increasing proliferation and decreasing apoptosis of beta‐cells, thereby enhancing its function. However, the signaling pathways that mediate these effects remain unknown. By using a clonal beta‐cell line (NIT‐1), we examined the role of IRS2/PI3K in the mediation of Wnt3a‐stimulated beta‐cell growth. Real‐time PCR and Western blot were employed to investigate the activity of Wnt/β‐catenin and IRS2/PI3K signaling. Proliferation of NIT‐1 cells was assessed by BrdU incorporation, and apoptosis was quantitatively determined by TUNEL and flow cytometry (FCM). Dkk1, an inhibitor of Wnt signaling, and wortmannin, an inhibitor of PI3K, were also used. Results showed that Wnt3a rapidly activated Wnt/β‐catenin signaling, promoted IRS2 expression and Akt phosphorylation in NIT‐1 cells. These effects were completely abrogated by Dkk1 or partially eliminated by wortmannin. Wnt3a also promoted NIT‐1 cell proliferation, inhibited cytokine‐induced beta‐cell apoptosis, and increased insulin secretion. Both of these effects were also eliminated by Dkk1 or wortmannin. Our results demonstrated that Wnt3a regulates proliferation, apoptosis and enhances function of pancreatic NIT‐1 beta cells via activation of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling, involving crosstalk with IRS2/PI3K signaling, with the effect of Wnt signaling on beta‐cells also being IRS2/PI3K/AKT dependent. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 1488–1497, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Long interspersed nucleotide element‐1 hypomethylation in folate‐deficient mouse embryonic stem cells
Authors: Chang Shaoyan , Wang Li , Guan Yunqian , Shangguan Shaofang , Du Qingan , Wang Yang , Zhang Ting , Zhang Yu 
Published: January 2013

AbstractFolate is thought to contribute to health and development by methylation regulation. Long interspersed nucleotide element‐1 (LINE‐1), which is regulated by methylation modification, plays an important role in sculpting the structure and function of genomes. Some studies have shown that folate concentration is related to LINE‐1 methylation. However, the direct association between LINE‐1 methylation and folate deficiency remains unclear. To explore whether folate deficiency directly induced LINE‐1 hypomethylation and to analyze the relationship between folate concentration and the LINE‐1 methylation level, mouse ESCs were treated with various concentrations of folate which was measured by chemiluminescent immunoassay, and the homocysteine content was detected by ELISA. LINE‐1 methylation was examined by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry at various time points. Concurrently, cell proliferation and differentiation were observed. The result showed that the intracellular folate decreases under folate‐deficient condition, conversely, homocysteine content increased gradually and there was a negatively correlated between them. Folate insufficiency induced LINE‐1 hypomethylation at the lowest levels in folate‐free group and moderate in folate‐deficient group, compared with that in the folate‐normal group at day 18. Moreover, LINE‐1 methylation level was positively correlated with folate content, and negatively correlated with homocysteine content. At corresponding time points, proliferation and differentiation of mouse ESCs showed no alteration in all groups. Our data indicated that folate deficiency affected the homeostasis of folate‐mediated one‐carbon metabolism, leading to reduced LINE‐1 methylation in mouse ESCs. This study provides preliminary evidence of folate deficiency affecting early embryonic development. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 1549–1558, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cytoskeletal protein vimentin interacts with and regulates peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma via a proteasomal degradation process
Authors: Tsai Yun‐Chih , Tsai Shu‐Huei , Chang Emily Yun‐Chia , Hee Siow‐Wey , Chen Wei‐Hao , Lee Sheng‐Chung , Chuang Lee‐Ming 
Published: January 2013

AbstractPeroxisome proliferators‐activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) receptor is a transcription factor that is located in and functions primarily in the nucleus. PPARγ is exported from the nucleus upon mitogen and ligand stimulation under certain circumstances. However, a cytoplasmic PPARγ interacting protein and its function have not been previously identified. Here, we report for the first time that cytosolic PPARγ interacts directly with cytoskeletal vimentin. We performed PPARγ immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry to identify the vimentin‐PPARγ complex. This interaction was confirmed by reciprocal vimentin and PPARγ immunoprecipitation and co‐immunofluorescence examination. We demonstrated that PPARγ colocalized with vimentin in certain organelles that is golgi, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum. In cells depleted of vimentin, PPARγ was ubiquitinated and targeted to a proteasomal degradation pathway. Together, these findings indicate a direct interaction of PPARγ with vimentin in the cytosolic compartment, in which vimentin appears to play a role in regulating the turnover rate of PPARγ, which may further regulate genomic or non‐genomic activities through the regulation of PPARγ protein degradation. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 1559–1567, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
HOW DO MIGRATION REMITTANCES AFFECT RURAL LIVELIHOODS IN DRYLANDS?
Authors: Abdelali‐Martini Malika , Hamza Raid 
Published: January 2013

AbstractMigration is often driven by low incomes, scarcity of natural resources and lack of employment opportunities. Syria has suffered from 4 years of consecutive droughts, with grave consequences on resources, pushing rural people to migrate. The impact effect of remittances on livelihoods in dry areas needs more understanding; our study addresses that gap. We used a rapid appraisal and a formal survey of 608 randomly selected rural households in 2009 after two droughts. We found that migration has positive impact on rural livelihoods and represented more than 50 per cent of the annual per capita income. It also supported land reclamation and holds a potential to support development. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predictable signals of seasonal precipitation in the Yangtze–Huaihe River Valley
Authors: Ying Kairan , Zheng Xiaogu , Quan Xiao‐Wei , Frederiksen Carsten S. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTAn effort is made to identify the ‘more predictable’ signals in seasonal precipitation in the Eastern Yangtze–Huaihe River Valley of China based on the observations recorded for the period of 1951–2004 at a network of 23 stations in this region. A recently developed methodology for decomposing the interannual variance of seasonal mean climate fields is applied to precipitation time series at the stations. This allows the total interannual variance to be separated into the variance of a slow component, or predictable signal, and the variance of a more noisier component of rainfall associated with intraseasonal variability. The potential predictability (signal‐to‐total ratio) is generally moderate in this region and is lower during winter from January to March (JFM) and higher in summer from May to July (MJJ) and autumn from November to January (NDJ). Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis is then applied to the predictable‐, intraseasonal‐ and total‐covariance matrices, respectively. Leading EOF modes of the total component more often resemble the EOF modes of the intraseasonal component when the potential predictability is lower and vice versa. Temporal variation of the leading modes in the predictable components is more closely linked to the interannual variability of Eastern Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) in early summer (MJJ), North Atlantic SST in late summer (JAS) and El Niño/Southern oscillation in late autumn (NDJ). The rainfall SST connections found in these seasons persist throughout the entire 54‐year period. The predictable rainfall modes also have apparent linkages to the intensity and position of the Western Pacific subtropical high during the early summer and late autumn with more rainfall occurring in the region when the height pattern is more intensive and extends further west. During the late summer, the predictable rainfall variability is accompanied by a large variation of tropospheric advection from north of the region, indicating the impact of an anomalous atmospheric circulation associated with the variation of summer North Atlantic Oscillation.