bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sorting and identification of side population cells in the human cervical cancer cell line HeLa
Authors: Qi Wenjuan , Zhao Chao , Zhao Lijun , Liu Ning , Li Xiaoping , Yu Weidong , Wei Lihui 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

Background
Several reports have revealed that cancer stem cells (CSCs) exist in many types of solid tumors. Some studies have demonstrated that side population (SP) cells isolated from diverse cancer lines harbor cancer stem-like properties, but there are few reports examining the characteristic of SP cells in human cervical cancer. The aim of this study is 1) to find out a feasible way to detect the tumor stem-like cells in cervical cancer, and 2) to analyze the properties of the SP cells being sorted.

Methods
Isolated SP and non-SP cells from human cervical cancer cell line Hela by Hoechst 33342 dying method and flow cytometry analysis. Observing morphology of SP and non-SP cells. The expression of various biomarkers putatively related to cancer stem cells were investigated by immucytochemistry of SP and non-SP cells. We also analyzed cell cycle and cell apoptosis for sorted cells. The oncogenicity of the SP and non-SP cells were analyzed by tumor formation in nonobesediabeti- c/severe combined immune- deficient (NOD/SCID) mice. The drug-resistant and radiation-resistant index between SP, non-SP and Hela cells was estimated by MTS assay.

Results
The fraction of SP cells in Hela was approximately 1.07 ± 0.32%. SP cells were smaller and rounder in shape than non-SP cells, and mostly showed colony-like growth. Immunocytochemistry showed that stem cell makers (Oct3/4, CD133, BCRP) were highly expressed in SP cells. Moreover, the number of apoptotic cells among non-SP cells (17.6 ± 3.7%) was significantly higher compared with that among SP cells (4.4 ± 1.2%). The HE staining of in vivo grown tumors result from SP cells showed more poor differentiation, though no significant differences were shown between SP and non-SP cells in NOD/SCID mice tumorigenicity. Furthermore, SP cells demonstrated a higher degree of drug resistance against trichostatin A (TSA) compared with that of non-SP and Hela cells. SP cells were also found to be more resistant against radiotherapy.

Conclusions
SP cells possess some characteristics of CSCs, namely high proliferation ability, chemoresistance and radioresistance, which may be helpful to elucidate novel targets for effective clinical treatments of cervical cancer in the future.
Identification of pregnancy-associated glycoproteins and alpha-fetoprotein in fallow deer (Dama dama) placenta
Authors: Bériot Mathilde , Tchimbou Aline Flora , Barbato Olimpia , Beckers Jean-François , de Sousa Noelita M 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

Background
This paper describes the isolation and characterization of pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAG) from fetal cotyledonary tissue (FCT) and maternal caruncular tissue (MCT) collected from fallow deer (Dama dama) pregnant females. Proteins issued from FCT and MCT were submitted to affinity chromatographies by using Vicia villosa agarose (VVA) or anti-bovine PAG-2 (R#438) coupled to Sepharose 4B gel. Finally, they were characterized by SDS-PAGE and N-terminal microsequencing.

Results
Four distinct fallow deer PAG (fdPAG) sequences were identified and submitted to Swiss-Prot database. Comparison of fdPAG with PAG sequences identified in other ruminant species exhibited 64 to 83% identity. Additionally, alpha-fetoprotein was identified in fetal and maternal tissues.

Conclusion
Our results demonstrate the efficacy of VVA and bovine PAG-2 affinity chromatographies for the isolation of PAG molecules expressed in deer placenta. This is the first report giving four specific amino acid sequences of PAG isolated from feto-maternal junction (FCT and MCT) in the Cervidae family.
Low skeletal muscle area is a risk factor for mortality in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients
Authors: Weijs Peter JM , Looijaard Wilhelmus GPM , Dekker Ingeborg M , Stapel Sandra N , Girbes Armand R , Straaten Heleen M Oudemans-van , Beishuizen Albertus 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Higher body mass index (BMI) is associated with lower mortality in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients. However, it is yet unclear which body component is responsible for this relationship.

Methods
This retrospective analysis in 240 mechanically ventilated critically ill patients included adult patients in whom a computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen was made on clinical indication between 1 day before and 4 days after admission to the intensive care unit. CT scans were analyzed at the L3 level for skeletal muscle area, expressed as square centimeters. Cutoff values were defined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis: 110 cm2 for females and 170 cm2 for males. Backward stepwise regression analysis was used to evaluate low-muscle area in relation to hospital mortality, with low-muscle area, sex, BMI, Acute Physiologic and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score, and diagnosis category as independent variables.

Results
This study included 240 patients, 94 female and 146 male patients. Mean age was 57 years; mean BMI, 25.6 kg/m2. Muscle area for females was significantly lower than that for males (102 ± 23 cm2 versus 158 ± 33 cm2; P < 0.001). Low-muscle area was observed in 63% of patients for both females and males. Mortality was 29%, significantly higher in females than in males (37% versus 23%; P = 0.028). Low-muscle area was associated with higher mortality compared with normal-muscle area in females (47.5% versus 20%; P = 0.008) and in males (32.3% versus 7.5%; P < 0.001). Independent predictive factors for mortality were low-muscle area, sex, and APACHE II score, whereas BMI and admission diagnosis were not. Odds ratio for low-muscle area was 4.3 (95% confidence interval, 2.0 to 9.0, P < 0.001). When applying sex-specific cutoffs to all patients, muscle mass appeared as primary predictor, not sex.

Conclusions
Low skeletal muscle area, as assessed by CT scan during the early stage of critical illness, is a risk factor for mortality in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients, independent of sex and APACHE II score. Further analysis suggests muscle mass as primary predictor, not sex. BMI is not an independent predictor of mortality when muscle area is accounted for.
ERM proteins in cancer progression
Authors: Clucas Jarama , Valderrama Ferran 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT
Members of the ezrin–radixin–moesin (ERM) family of proteins are involved in multiple aspects of cell migration by acting both as crosslinkers between the membrane, receptors and the actin cytoskeleton, and as regulators of signalling molecules that are implicated in cell adhesion, cell polarity and migration. Increasing evidence suggests that the regulation of cell signalling and the cytoskeleton by ERM proteins is crucial during cancer progression. Thus, both their expression levels and subcellular localisation would affect tumour progression. High expression of ERM proteins has been shown in a variety of cancers. Mislocalisation of ERM proteins reduces the ability of cells to form cell–cell contacts and, therefore, promotes an invasive phenotype. Similarly, mislocalisation of ERM proteins impairs the formation of receptor complexes and alters the transmission of signals in response to growth factors, thereby facilitating tumour progression. In this Commentary, we address the structure, function and regulation of ERM proteins under normal physiological conditions as well as in cancer progression, with particular emphasis on cancers of epithelial origin, such as those from breast, lung and prostate. We also discuss any recent developments that have added to the understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms and signalling pathways these proteins are involved in during cancer progression.
Sepiolite-Palygorskite: A Continuous Polysomatic Series
Authors: Suárez Mercedes , García-Romero Emilia 
Published: January 2014

AbstractA compositional gap between sepiolite and palygorskite has long been accepted even though they have similar structures, but recent studies found that such a gap does not exist and that the compositional series is continuous between them. If this is true, intergrowths between these two minerals should exist. The purpose of the present study was to demonstrate the existence of sepiolite-palygorskite intergrowths in all possible proportions, in order to establish the compositional links between ideal sepiolite and ideal palygorskite and to define the compositional limits of these two minerals. Sepiolite and palygorskite have similar structures but different chemical compositions: sepiolite is the most trioctahedral and magnesic extreme, while palygorskite is dioctahedral with Al and Mg in its octahedral sheet. The existence of all intermediate compositions between these two pure extremes has led to the definition of the intermediate minerals, Al-sepiolite and Mg-palygorskite, which can have similar chemical composition. The structural relations between the different minerals of the palygorskite—sepiolite series were studied here by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), and continuous variation in the chemical composition is explained by the existence of intergrowths of sepiolite and palygorskite polysomes forming a continuous polysomatic series. The existence of intergrowths by mixtures of polysomes in modulated structures can be considered in the same way that the mixed-layer minerals in layered structures are considered. The continuous polysomatic series of sepiolite-palygorskite can be expressed by the general formula: [Si12Mg8O30(OH)4(OH2)4]y∙[Si8O20(Mg2Fe2)x(Mg2Al2)(1-x)(OH)2(OH2)4](1-y)·nH2O, where sepiolite and palygorskite are the end-members. They and xvalues can be calculated using a ternary plot with the oxide contents of the main octahedral cations (Al2O3, Fe2O3, and MgO). The proposed model, which is based on the intergrowth of sepiolite and palygorskite polysomes, explains both the variability in the chemical composition and the compositional limit for the identification of these minerals by X-ray diffraction.
A nonlinear multigrid method for inversion of two-dimensional acoustic wave equation
Authors: Zhao Jingjun , Liu Tao , Feng Guofeng 
Published: January 2014

Abstract.
We investigate the problem of estimating the velocity in a two-dimensional acoustic wave equation, which plays an important role in geological survey. The forward problem is discretized using finite-difference methods and the estimation is formulated as a least-square minimization problem with a regularization term. To reduce the computational burden, a nonlinear multigrid method is applied to solve this inverse problem. In the multigrid inversion process, in order to make the objective functionals at different scales compatible, they are dynamically adjusted. In this way, the necessary condition of “the optimal solution should be the fixed point of multigrid inversion” can be met. The stable and fast regularized Gauss–Newton method is applied to each grid. The results of numerical simulations indicate that the proposed method can effectively reduce the required computation, improve the inversion results, and have the anti-noise ability.
OPTIMISATION OF GROWING CONDITIONS OF EUROPEAN MISTLETOE HYPERPARASITIC FUNGUS (PHAEOBOTRYOSPHAERIA VISCI): EFFECT OF DIFFERENT MEDIA AND ANTIBIOTICS / OPTIMALIZÁCIA RASTOVÝCH PODMIENOK PHAEOBOTRYOSPHAERIA VISCI, HYPERPARAZITICKEJ HUBY IMELA BIELEHO: VPLYV RÔZNYCH ŽIVNÝCH MÉDIÍ A ANTIBIOTÍK
Authors: Varga Ildikó , Baltazár Tivadar , Pejchal Miloš 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
European mistletoe (Viscum album) is an evergreen, perennial, hemiparasitic shrub, which is able to infect more than 450 woody species. Besides mechanical pruning, a hyperparasitic fungus (Phaeobotryosphaeria visci) could be a successful candidate to develop an effective biocontrol agent against mistletoe. It was necessary to find antibiotics which make the isolation easier and do not effect mycelia growth negatively under strain. Furthermore, we wanted to define a medium for optimal growth under in vitro laboratory conditions. Three different media (potato-dextrose agar, modified oatmeal agar, ¼ PDA + V8 agar) and four antibiotics (kanamycin, ampicillin, rifampicin, nystatin) were tested. Oatmeal agar and potato-dextrose agar are optimal to maintain the fungal strains, the colony diameter was 9 cm on the 12th day. All tested antibiotics are useful, except nystatin.
Indian Elites and the EU as a Normative Power
Authors: Jain Rajendra K. , Pandey Shreya 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Drawing on thirty face-to-face interviews with Indian business, civil society, media and political elites during the period from September 2011 to April 2012, this article seeks to examine the perceptions of Indian elites of the European Union as a normative power. It discusses the evolution of the concept of normative power and the evolution of the EU’s normative identity. It clearly outlines the expansion of the varied roles played by the EU in the course of assuming responsibilities in the capacity of civilian, ethical and normative power of Europe both within its borders and abroad. The article seeks to highlight the diverse external perceptions about the normative power of EU by focusing upon the elite opinion from India. The article captures the changing mood of the elites about the effectiveness of the normative power of the EU with the intensification of the eurozone crisis. It argues that the normative disconnect in worldviews, mindsets and practical agendas between India and the European Union has made it difficult to transform shared values into coordinated policies.
Inhibitors of bacterial and plants urease. A review
Authors: Macegoniuk Katarzyna 
Published: January 2014

Urease is an important virulence factor for Helicobacter pylori and Proteus mirabilis as well as in environmental transformations of certain nitrogenous compounds. Urea hydrolysis caused by these microorganisms leads to increased pH and ammonia toxicity and enables bacterial colonization of the human gastric mucosa and urinary tract formation of struvite and carbonate-apatite stones. Due to the possibility of medical applications the development of novel, selective and efficient classes of urease inhibitors which satisfy the low toxicity requirement for human health and have low environmental impact is necessary. In this article are described the various urease inhibitors used so far by researchers, especially in the last few years.
Object-Free Definition of Categories
Authors: Riccardi Marco 
Published: January 2014

Summary
Category theory was formalized in Mizar with two different approaches [7], [18] that correspond to those most commonly used [16], [5]. Since there is a one-to-one correspondence between objects and identity morphisms, some authors have used an approach that does not refer to objects as elements of the theory, and are usually indicated as object-free category [1] or as arrowsonly category [16]. In this article is proposed a new definition of an object-free category, introducing the two properties: left composable and right composable, and a simplification of the notation through a symbol, a binary relation between morphisms, that indicates whether the composition is defined. In the final part we define two functions that allow to switch from the two definitions, with and without objects, and it is shown that their composition produces isomorphic categories.
Prime Filters and Ideals in Distributive Lattices
Authors: Grabowski Adam 
Published: January 2014

Summary.
The article continues the formalization of the lattice theory (as structures with two binary operations, not in terms of ordering relations). In the Mizar Mathematical Library, there are some attempts to formalize prime ideals and filters; one series of articles written as decoding [9] proven some results; we tried however to follow [21], [12], and [13]. All three were devoted to the Stone representation theorem [18] for Boolean or Heyting lattices. The main aim of the present article was to bridge this gap between general distributive lattices and Boolean algebras, having in mind that the more general approach will eventually replace the common proof of aforementioned articles.1
Because in Boolean algebras the notions of ultrafilters, prime filters and maximal filters coincide, we decided to construct some concrete examples of ultrafilters in nontrivial Boolean lattice. We proved also the Prime Ideal Theorem not as BPI (Boolean Prime Ideal), but in the more general setting.
In the final section we present Nachbin theorems [15],[1] expressed both in terms of maximal and prime filters and as the unordered spectra of a lattice [11], [10]. This shows that if the notion of maximal and prime filters coincide in the lattice, it is Boolean.
Translational research in neuroanaesthesia
Authors: Umamaheswara Rao Ganne 
Published: January 2014

AbstractTranslational research in anaesthesia provided great solutions to medicine, well beyond its scope, in the past. Exciting opportunities exist for neuroanaesthesiologists to conduct translational research not just in anaesthesia alone but in the wider realm of neurosciences. This research is expected to provide solutions to clinical neuroscience questions and to help understand some of the complex neurocognitive functions. Despite several technical developments, progress in translational sciences has been rather slow in the recent years. Re-orientation of the research programmes to a translational format with the involvement of all the stakeholders is likely to conserve the cost and provide rapid solutions to the healthcare.
A Novel Iterative-Learner Simulation Model: Fellows as Teachers
Authors: Tofil Nancy M. , Peterson Dawn Taylor , Harrington Kathy F. , Perrin Brian T. , Hughes Tyler , Zinkan J. Lynn , Youngblood Amber Q. , Bartolucci Al , White Marjorie Lee 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

Background
Simulation is an effective method for teaching clinical skills but has not been widely adopted to educate trainees about how to teach.

Objective
We evaluated a curriculum for pediatrics fellows by using high-fidelity simulation (mannequin with vital signs) to improve pedagogical skills.

Intervention
The intervention included a lecture on adult learning and active-learning techniques, development of a case from the fellows' subspecialties, and teaching the case to residents and medical students. Teaching was observed by an educator using a standardized checklist. Learners evaluated fellows' teaching by using a structured evaluation tool; learner evaluations and the observer checklist formed the basis for written feedback. Changes in fellows' pedagogic knowledge, attitudes, and self-reported skills were analyzed by using Friedman and Wilcoxon rank-sum test at baseline, immediate postintervention, and 6-month follow-up.

Results
Forty fellows participated. Fellows' self-ratings significantly improved from baseline to 6-month follow-up for development of learning objectives, effectively reinforcing performance, using teaching techniques to promote critical thinking, providing constructive feedback, and using case studies to teach general rules. Fellows significantly increased agreement with the statement “providing background and context is important” (4.12 to 4.44, P  =  .02).

Conclusions
Simulation was an effective means of educating fellows about teaching, with fellows' attitudes and self-rated confidence improving after participation but returning to baseline at the 6-month assessment. The simulation identified common weaknesses of fellows as teachers, including failure to provide objectives to learners, failure to provide a summary of key learning points, and lack of inclusion of all learners.
Comparaison franco-britannique de la recherche sur les services de renseignement
Authors: Chopin1 Olivier , Irondelle Bastien 
Published: January 2014

Alors que la publication devenue « industrielle » de recueils et de manuels sur les études du renseignement (Intelligence Studies) démontre l’arrivée à maturité des études sur le renseignement au sein de la science politique internationale, la recherche universitaire sur le sujet demeure en France au stade de l’émergence. Le retard français par rapport au Royaume-Uni se double d’un second sur le décalage entre faible connaissance et importance des services de renseignement, la France étant un des rares pays à disposer d’une panoplie complète de services de renseignement intérieurs et extérieurs, civils et militaires, et de moyens techniques de premier plan. L’article présente l’état actuel des études sur le renseignement en France et au Royaume-Uni, analyse la trajectoire du développement de ce champ de recherches et avance des hypothèses sur la réussite britannique et le développement tardif et fragile des études sur le renseignement français. L’explication tient au fonctionnement du marché universitaire, aux transformations de l’État et des modalités de la reconnaissance institutionnelle et sociale du renseignement, et enfin à la mécanique d’un processus différencié de relégitimation du renseignement sur les deux rives de la Manche.
Quand la réadaptation blesse ? Éducateurs victimes de violence
Authors: Geoffrion1 Steve , Ouellet Frédéric 
Published: January 2014

Cette étude vise à comprendre le phénomène de la violence physique vécue par les éducateurs oeuvrant dans dix Centres Jeunesse (CJ) du Québec. Pour ce faire, un sondage de victimisation a été administré à 586 éducateurs en internat. En premier lieu, la prévalence de cette problématique sera établie. Par la suite, les facteurs individuels et environnementaux prédisposant aux agressions physiques seront identifiés. Des éducateurs sondés, 53,9 % rapportent avoir été victimes de violence physique au cours de la dernière année. Sur le plan individuel, être affecté par les manifestations agressives des clients et la fréquence des violences psychologiques subies augmentent les risques de victimisation physique. Quant au contexte, l’âge de la clientèle et le motif de l’intervention (basé sur la loi justifiant le placement) auprès de l’enfant ou de l’adolescent influencent l’occurrence des actes violents dirigés contre les éducateurs. Nos analyses montrent également que les violences physiques dont sont victimes les éducateurs affectent autant l’individu que l’institution. L’identification de facteurs permettant de prédire les risques de victimisation pourrait notamment servir à orienter les programmes de prévention de la violence dans les CJ, mais aussi à cibler les éducateurs les plus à risque afin de leur fournir un soutien adapté.
Real‐time GPS sensing of atmospheric water vapor: Precise point positioning with orbit, clock, and phase delay corrections
Authors: Li Xingxing , Dick Galina , Ge Maorong , Heise Stefan , Wickert Jens , Bender Michael 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe recent development of the International Global Navigation Satellite Systems Service Real‐Time Pilot Project and the enormous progress in precise point positioning (PPP) techniques provide a promising opportunity for real‐time determination of Integrated Water Vapor (IWV) using GPS ground networks for various geodetic and meteorological applications. In this study, we develop a new real‐time GPS water vapor processing system based on the PPP ambiguity fixing technique with real‐time satellite orbit, clock, and phase delay corrections. We demonstrate the performance of the new real‐time water vapor estimates using the currently operationally used near‐real‐time GPS atmospheric data and collocated microwave radiometer measurements as an independent reference. The results show that an accuracy of 1.0 ~ 2.0 mm is achievable for the new real‐time GPS based IWV value. Data of such accuracy might be highly valuable for time‐critical geodetic (positioning) and meteorological applications.