bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
1081 – Detention And Mental Health Of Torture Survivors - What Do We Know And What Do We Do?
Authors: Engberg M. 
Published: July 2013

IntroductionTorture survivors often present a complex clinical picture with mental and physical symptoms and illness in addition to social incapacities. Torture survivors can be subjected to deprivation of liberty in a variety of situations. Detention might remind the torture survivor of former torture experiences and thus add further to the strain of being detained.ObjectiveTo evaluate and discuss the present knowledge of mental health consequences of detention of torture survivors and to present and discuss practices relating to detention.AimTo focus attention on existing evidence and problematic practices in relation to this.MethodsResults from key publications within the field will be resumed and discussed and implications outlined.ResultsResearch on the impact of detention on torture survivors is almost non-existent. A negative impact of detention on mental health of torture survivors can however be deducted mainly from the existing evidence on asylum seekers. Whether screening for torture experiences and following systematic monitoring of mental health are going on worldwide remains obscure, but from a Danish perspective it is likely that torture survivors are not identified.ConclusionTorture survivors constitute a vulnerable group mentally, physically and socially. A negative impact of detention on mental health can be deducted mainly from studies on asylum seekers. Identification of torture survivors is necessary before decision on detention is taken. Scientific evidence on the subject is missing. Research initiatives and monitoring of practices are necessary.
1085 – Haematological And Biochemichal Changes In Depressed Patients
Authors: Papaliaga M.N. , Saleptsis V.G. , Tsougenis N.A. , Giannoukas A.D. , Mouzas O.D. 
Published: July 2013

IntroductionSeveral studies so far have addressed the issue of haematological and biochemical changes in depressed patients, but the results have been contradictory.MethodTwenty four depressed patients (7 male/17 female, age:42.72±12.22) and 30 control subjects (6 male/24 female, age:43.60±10.25) were studied. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was used to assess their emotional state and haematological, biochemical tests were conducted. Because of the small sample sizes, statistical significance was examined using non-parametric Mann-Whitney test.ResultsAs expected, patients had higher BDI total score than controls (mean±SD: 22.0±17.21 vs. 8.77±6.79, mean rank: 25.32 vs. 15.15) and higher values in most (13/21) BDI statements. Patients also had higher Hct (mean rank: 33.90 vs. 22.38), Hgb (mean rank: 33.52 vs. 22.68), urea (mean rank: 32.19 vs. 23.75), cholesterol (mean rank: 32.04 vs. 23.87) levels than controls, but lower serum glucose levels (mean rank: 21.69 vs. 32.15).ConclusionAlthough higher serum lipid levels have previously been connected with depression, to our knowledge, no such association has so far been established for higher serum urea, lower serum glucose levels, or higher Hct and Hgb.
1087 – You Are What You Eat! What Does This Mean In Stimulant Dependence?
Authors: Whitelock C.F. , Ersche K.D. ,   KD Ersche s Addiction Research Lab
Published: July 2013

IntroductionNutrition has been linked to the development and deterioration of cognitive functions in normal and disordered populations. Drug-dependent individuals show a variety of cognitive deficits and seem to differ in their diets from healthy people. Despite this, there has been very little investigation into the potential relationship between nutrition and cognition in drug dependence.ObjectivesTo investigate the effects of nutritional factors on cognitive performance in drug-dependent individuals.AimsTo test the hypothesis that stimulant (cocaine or amphetamine)-dependent individuals’ and healthy volunteers’ diets significantly differ, and that these differences are related to their cognitive performance.MethodsStimulant-dependent individuals (N=58) and age-matched healthy volunteers (N=63) completed a Food Frequency Questionnaire to assess usual food intake, a set of computerised neurocognitive tests, and a selection of clinical questionnaires.ResultsControlling for their levels of education, stimulant-dependent individuals performed significantly worse than healthy volunteers on tests of learning, memory and attention. The nutritional content of stimulant-dependent individuals’ diets also differed significantly, controlling for differences in caloric and alcoholic intake. However, whilst healthy volunteers’ ingestion of nutrients such as fruit and electrolytes were related to their processing speed in a test of sustained attention, no such relationship was found in the stimulant-dependent group.
1092 – Cortisol Awakening Response (car) And Gender Differences In Adults With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (adhd)
Authors: Palomar G. , Paris J. , Corominas M. , Ramos-Quiroga J.A. , Ferrer R. , Catalan R. , Real A. , Ramirez C. , Casas M. 
Published: July 2013

IntroductionAhe adult patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are characterized by an increased vulnerability to daily life stressors. Cortisol awakening response (CAR) can be used as an index of the adrenocortical activity that relates to chronic stress. Although gender differences in cortisol response have been explored in children with ADHD, there is a lack of gender studies in adults with this disorder.The aim of the present study is to evaluate possible gender differences in CAR in adults with ADHD.MethodsA total of 50 patients (22 female, age 37.00±8.62 years, and 28 male, age 33.86±9.57 years), with ADHD were recruited from the program for adults with ADHD in the Department of Psychiatry of the Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron. Patients fulfilled current DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for ADHD. Psychiatric and organic comorbid disorders were excluded and all the patients were naïve to psychostimulant treatment. Four salivary cortisol samples were collected at 0, 30, 45 and 60 minutes after awakening (work days).ResultsMean increase in CAR was 10.39±8.68 nmols/l for men and 10.29±9.13 nmols/l for women. T-test comparisons showed no significant gender differences in CAR in adults with ADHD (t= 0.033, z=0.974).ConclusionsAs reported in children, adults with ADHD show no differences in CAR. Albeit these results are still preliminary, they suggest some gender differences in CAR between adults with ADHD and cortisol response in general population.
1093 – Eating Disorders: Hormonal Alterations And Psychopatological Features
Authors: Del Basso G. , Focà F. , Craba A. , Blanco P. , Strangio A.M. , Rinaldi L. , Bria P. 
Published: July 2013

ObjectiveTo demonstrate the complex correlation existing in patients with eating disorders between hormonal alterations and psychopathological symptomatology, that has been little studied until now.Methods60 women aged between 16 and 35 years and diagnosed with Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa according to the DSM-IV were assessed using the SCL-90-R, EDI, BAT and DES II. A blood sample was taken from each patient in the morning, on the seventh day of the menstrual cycle or on the corresponding day from the women with amenorrhea; the following hormone levels were measured: TSH, FT3, FT4, LH, FSH, 17-beta-estradiol, cortisol, DHEAS. Pearson's Correlation Coefficient has been used to test the correlation between hormonal level and test scores.ResultsPositive correlations exist between BMI and FT3 and LH, which decrease when BMI decreases. We can observe positively significant correlations between LH and FSH levels and the BAT scale scores.No one significant correlation was found between hormonal levels and dissociative symptoms as measured by DES. With regard to EDI, the following psychopathological features correlate with hormonal assessment: the wish to be thin, body dissatisfaction and perfectionism.ConclusionsOur findings suggest a significant correlation between psychopathological features we considered and hormonal readings, especially LH, FSH, TSH, FT3. When these hormonal readings decrease, the patients’ self-ratings and their body dissatisfaction decrease. That attributes a protective meaning to the dietary symptom akin to an effective measure that relieves the person's feelings of inadequacy.
1100 – Safety, Tolerability And Treatment Response With Flexible Doses Of Paliperidone Palmitate In Patients With An Acute Exacerbation Of Schizophrenia
Authors: Schreiner A. , Hargarter L. , Bergmans P. , Cherubin P. 
Published: July 2013

ObjectiveTo explore tolerability, safety and treatment response with flexible doses of paliperidone palmitate in adult patients with an acute episode of schizophrenia.MethodsInterim analysis of a prospective 6-month, open-label, multicenter study in adult patients with schizophrenia. Outcomes were change in the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total score from baseline to endpoint, Clinical Global Impression-Severity Scale (CGI-S), patient functioning (Personal and Social Performance Scale; PSP), weight change and adverse events (AEs).ResultsOf the first 104 patients included (54.8% male, mean age 37.6±11.8 years, 81.7% paranoid schizophrenia, recommended paliperidone palmitate initiation regimen used in 89% of subjects), 65.4% completed the study. Most frequent reasons for discontinuation were AE (13.5%), subject choice (8.7%) and loss to follow-up (5.8%). Mean total PANSS score decreased from 99.5±15.5 at baseline to 71.0±26.9 at endpoint (mean change -28.6±26.2; 95% confidence interval [CI] -33.8; - 23.4; p< 0.0001) with 60.6% of the patients showing improvement of ≥30%. Mean CGI-S score changed from 5.0±0.8 at baseline to 3.6±1.3 at endpoint (95%CI -1.7; -1.1; p< 0.0001). Patient functioning improved from a mean PSP baseline score of 42.7±13.9 to 59.0±18.7 at endpoint (95% CI of change 12.7; 19.9; p< 0.0001). AEs reported in ≥5% were psychotic disorder (15.4%), insomnia (14.4%), injection site pain (13.5%), headache (8.7%), salivary hypersecretion (6.7%) and anxiety (6.7%).ConclusionThese data support results from recent randomized controlled studies that flexibly dosed paliperidone palmitate is safe, well tolerated and associated with clinically meaningful treatment response in patients suffering from an acute episode of schizophrenia.
1109 – Sleep Disorders And Suicidal Behavior In Patients Admitted To The Emergency Department
Authors: Forte A. , Innamorati M. , Longo L. , Mazzetta C. , Serafini G. , Girardi P. , Pompili M. 
Published: July 2013

IntroductionPatients with sleep disorders have a significant increase in suicidal ideation and suicide attempts, at the assessment and lifetime (Goodwin et al, 2008; Chellappa et al, 2007; Wojnar et al, 2009; Li et al, 2010).ObjectivesTo evaluate the relationship between sleep disorders and suicidal behavior.AimsTo study factors associated with a diagnosis of insomnia in patients admitted to the Emergency Department.MethodsParticipants were 843 patients consecutively admitted to the Emergency Department of the Sant’Andrea University Hospital in Rome, Italy, between January and December 2010. All patients admitted were referred to a psychiatrist. A clinical interview based on the MINI and a semi structured interview were performed. Patients were asked about “ongoing” suicidal ideation or plans for suicide. Clinical diagnoses were assigned according to ICD-10 criteria.Results48% received a diagnosis of a mood disorders (BD and MDD) or anxiety disorders, 17.1% Schizophrenia or other non-affective psychosis. Patients with insomnia had more frequently a diagnosis of BD (23.9% vs. 12.4%) or MDD (13.3% vs. 9.5%; P< 0.001). Patients with insomnia less frequently had attempted suicide in the past 24 hours (5.3% vs. 9.5%; P< 0.05) than other patients, but suicide attempters with insomnia more frequently used violent methods (64.3% vs. 23.6%; P< 0.01) than suicide attempters without insomnia.ConclusionsOur results support a relationship between sleep disorders and suicidal behavior. Clinicians should pay attention to sleep disorders when assessing suicide attempters; in fact, such conditions may have important clinical implications.
1112 – Every Contact Counts: Audit Investigating Extent Psychiatry Trainees Maximise Opportunity For Physical Health Assessment When Admitting Patients To Psychiatric Hospital
Authors: Beck K. , Stephenson L. , Brayford B. , Wilford L. , Potter L. , Suleman S. 
Published: July 2013

BackgroundPatients with severe mental illness have significantly reduced lifespans. Excepting suicide, cardiovascular risk is the biggest cause. The problem is exacerbated by psychotropic medication and poor primary care engagement. Therefore psychiatrists should maximise every opportunity to promote physical health.AimWe audited physical examination, investigations, and documentation of past medical history (PMH) & assessments in inpatients. We used the Royal College of Psychiatrist's Physical Health in Mental Health Scoping Group 2009 guidelines as our standard.MethodsWe audited notes of all 125 patients admitted to four wards at Ladywell unit over two months (01/07/2011- 31/08/2011). We surveyed trainees to identify training and resource needs and facilitate focussed interventions.ResultsPhysical Examination: 102/125(82%) received physical examination, 60/125(48%) on admission. Average delay before examination 12 days.Blood tests/Investigations: 89/125(71%) received blood tests: 50/125(40%) thyroid function, 67/125(54%) liver function, 28/125(22%) glucose, 1/125(0.8%) HbA1c, 38/125(30%) lipid profile. 48/125(38%) had urine drug screening, 55/125(44%) ECG.Documentation: The following was documented: 102/125(82%) PMH, 82/125(66%) allergies, 90/125(72%) smoking status. The following was scanned into records: 23/55(42%) ECG, 72/125(58%) physical observation chart.Survey: The trainee survey highlighted need for training updates on physical health and problems in equipment provision.ConclusionsPhysical assessment is inconsistent, neglecting metabolic screening. Admission is a vital window for screening/modifying physical health.RecommendationsFocussed assessment guidelines should be formulated. Following the survey, teaching led by consultant physicians has been organised on identified topics including metabolic syndrome. Lack of equipment will be addressed by creation of comprehensive equipment lists, to be distributed to ward administrators.
1113 – Dynamics Of Cognitive And Behavioural Therapy-related Fmri Changes In Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Using a Personalised Symptom Provocation Task
Authors: Morgiève M. , N’Diaye K. , Haynes W.I.A. , Granger B. , Clair A.-H. , Pelissolo A. , Mallet L. 
Published: July 2013

BackgroundCognitive and Behavioural Therapy (CBT) is a successful treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). It is known to induce changes in cerebral metabolism, but the dynamics of these changes and their relation to clinical evolution remain largely unknown, precluding the identification of individualized response biomarkers.MethodsWe performed systematic clinical and fMRI evaluation of 35 OCD patients immediately before a three-month course of CBT, halfway through and at its end, as well as 6 months after in order to study the dynamics of treatment response. To sensitize fMRI probing, we used an original exposition task using neutral, generic and personalised obsession-inducing images.ResultsCBT produced a significant improvement in OCD, already predicted by response at midtherapy (r2=0.67, p< .001). Initially, patients were more sensitive to personalised than generic or neutral images and had stronger related activations in the anterior cingulate, orbitofrontal and parietal cortices. In the high responder group (ΔYBOCS>45%), behavioural sensitivity to generic stimuli was reduced, even more so for personalised ones. Clinical improvement was markedly concomitant to a decrease of activity in the anterior cingulate and left but not right orbitofrontal cortices.ConclusionsUsing an innovative and highly sensitive exposition paradigm in fMRI, we show that clinical and metabolic phenotypes have parallel evolutions during CBT. Our results, which suggest that the initial CBT sessions are crucial, prompt us to investigate the anatomo-functional modifications underlying the earlier stages of the therapy.
1114 – Facing Fear And Anger: Impaired Facial Expression Recognition And Neural Abnormalities In Cocaine-dependent Individuals
Authors: Arlt J.M. , Hagan C.C. , Jones P.S. , Calder A.J. , Williams G.B. , Ersche K.D. ,   KD Ersche s Addiction Research Lab
Published: July 2013

IntroductionCocaine dependence has been associated with emotional dysfunction as well as social inhibition. Given the drug's powerful effect on emotional state, chronic use may impact the neural networks used for emotional processing, and this impact may manifest in altered behaviour.ObjectivesTo test the hypothesis that stimulant-dependent individuals less accurately identify expressions intended to elicit inhibitory or avoidant responses (ie fear, anger, disgust), and that this behaviour may, in part, be related to differences in the underlying neural networks for processing these emotions.AimsTo detect differences in facial expression classification and corresponding neural networks in cocaine-dependent individuals versus healthy controls.MethodCocaine-dependent men (N=32) and age-matched, healthy men (N=29) completed two computerized facial classification tasks (Benton Facial Recognition test and Emotion Hexagon task) and underwent structural MRI scanning.ResultsPerformance on the Benton task did not differ between groups. There were significant differences between cocainedependent individuals and controls in accurately classifying fear and anger as well as differences in misclassifications of these two ‘inhibitory’ emotions. No group differences were observed when classifying facial expressions of happy, surprise, sad, and disgust. A multivoxel analysis method (Partial Least Squares) confirmed the involvement of neural networks implicated in fear and anger perception, but showed significant differences between the groups.ConclusionThe Benton task confirmed that differences in facial expression classification are not attributable to differences in facial processing. Cocaine-dependent individuals were less accurate at identifying ‘inhibition’ emotions and showed significant abnormalities in the brain systems implicated in fear and anger.
1115 – A Biopsychosocial Model Of Interferon-α-induced Depression In Patients With Chronic Hepatitis c Infection
Authors: Baranyi A. , Meinitzer A. , Stepan A. , Putz-Bankuti C. , Stauber R. , Kapfhammer H.-P. , Rothenhäusler H.-B. 
Published: July 2013

IntroductionThe aim of this prospective study was to gain a complete picture of the biopsychosocial effects of interferon-α treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis C. The predictors of depressive development and changes in health-related quality of life, life satisfaction and cognitive ability would be measured with the inclusion of the social context. Furthermore, the effects of interferon treatment on indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, the level of tryptophan supply in the brain, the development of neurotoxic kynurenine metabolites, and the thyroid glands were investigated. Therefore, for the first time the conditions for the development of depressive episodes in HCV patients treated with interferon-α were examined over the entire period of treatment as well as three months later, applying a holistic biopsychosocial model.MethodsPsychiatric and biological assessments were carried out at six different times: before, during (at one, three, six and nine months), and after the end of interferon-α treatment.ResultsDuring IFN-α treatment 22 (53.7%) patients fulfilled the criteria for a treatment-related depressive disorder at least once during treatment. Contributing factors are tryptophan depletion (tryptophan to competing amino acids quotient), increased neurotoxic challenge (kynurenine to kynurenic acid quotient), less social support, female gender, preexisting psychiatric vulnerability, means of transmission, low financial security, impaired sexual satisfaction, small circle of friends, impaired role physical, strong body pain, low general health and vitality, reduced social functioning, impaired mental health and role emotional.ConclusionsThe awareness of relevant risk factors of IFN-α treatment-induced depression is essential to develop preventative treatment strategies.
1125 – Characteristics Of The Antipsychotic Switch To Amisulpride In Schizophrenia In Romanian Practice- a Multicentric, Retrospective Data Collection (switch Study)
Authors: Vasile D. , Vasiliu O. , Mangalagiu A.G. , Petrescu B.M. 
Published: July 2013

ObjectiveTo evaluate characteristics of the antipsychotic switch from any antipsychotic to amisulpride (Solian®) through the integration of the significantly variables.MethodThis is an open, non-randomized, multicentric, retrospective, non-interventional study that included 1165 subjects who were already stabilized on amisulpride for at least 6±1 months. These patients were previously switched from other antipsychotic to Solian®. Data were collected retrospectively on the patients’ status 6±1 months ago and their present status.ResultsThe population consisted of 38.5% hospitalized patients at the moment of antipsychotic switch and 61.5% outpatients; 56.3% of the patients were in acute exacerbation at that moment. Previous treatment of the patients: 100% antipsychotic, 17.9% antidepressant, 38.8% mood stabilizer, 39.4% benzodiazepine and 22.2% other treatments. Switch type: sudden in 63.7% of the patients, gradual in 35.4% and unknown in 0.9%. The mean dosage of Solian at initiation was 581.04 mg/day. For 38.1% of the patients the initial daily dose of Solian® was of 600 mg, for 29.6% of them 400 mg and for 22.7% 800 mg. The mean dosage of Solian during the 6±1 months was 571.39 mg/day. For 39.8% of the patients the daily dose of Solian® was of 600 mg, for 30.5% of them 400 mg and for 20.7% 800 mg.ConclusionsThe switch to Solian® was made suddenly in a majority of patients, preferred start dose being 600 mg, while the mean dose was similar to baseline values (in almost 40% of cases) or smaller during the 6±1 months of the study.
1128 – Methylphenidate For Adhd In Adults With Substance Dependence: a 24-week Randomized Placebo-controlled Trial
Authors: Konstenius M. , Jayaram-Lindström N. , Guterstam J. , Philips B. , Beck O. , Franck J. 
Published: July 2013

IntroductionThere is a lack of evidence for the efficacy of stimulant pharmacotherapy in patients with substance dependence and comorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).ObjectiveThe aim of the present trial was to test the efficacy and safety of 180 mg extended release methylphenidate for treating ADHD in patients with amphetamine dependence.Method54 incarcerated men, mean age 42 years, meeting the DSM-IV criteria for amphetamine dependence and ADHD were randomized to methylphenidate or placebo in a 24-week randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, with parallel groups design. The medication started within 14 days before release from prison and continued in outpatient care with twice weekly visits including once weekly cognitive behaviour therapy. The primary end point was relapse to any drug use measured by urine toxicology. Secondary endpoints included relapse to amphetamine use, retention to treatment, and change in selfrated ADHD symptoms.ResultsThe methylphenidate group had significantly fewer drug positive urines compared to the placebo group (95% CI -0.31 to -0.05, P=.034), fewer amphetamine positive urines, (95% CI -0.36 to -0.07, P=.019) and better retention to treatment (95% CI 15.64 to 78.58, P=.001). Compared to the placebo group, the methylphenidate group also significantly reduced their selfrated ADHD symptoms (95% CI -21.09 to -3.37, P=.008) during the 24-week treatment.ConclusionsThis is the first randomized clinical trial to demonstrate the efficacy of a stimulant treatment for substance dependent individuals with ADHD. The treatment with MPH led to reduction in drug use and a clinically relevant improvement of ADHD symptoms.