bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of mortality with out‐of‐hours admission in patients with perforated peptic ulcer
Authors: KNUDSEN N. V. , MØLLER M. H. ,   THE DANISH CLINICAL REGISTER OF EMERGENCY SURGERY
Published: December 2014

BackgroundPerforated peptic ulcer is a serious emergency surgical condition. The aim of the present nationwide cohort study was to evaluate the association between mortality and out‐of‐hours admission in patients surgically treated for perforated peptic ulcer.MethodsAll Danish patients surgically treated for benign gastric or duodenal perforated peptic ulcer in Denmark between September 1, 2011 and August 31, 2013 were included. Patients were identified through The Danish Clinical Register of Emergency Surgery. The association between 90‐day mortality and time and day of admission and surgery was assessed by crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsA total of 726 patients were included. Median age was 69.5 years (range 18.2–101.7), and 569 of the 726 patients (78.4%) had at least one coexisting disease. Adjusted ORs and 95% CIs between 90‐day mortality and admission in daytime vs. nighttime and weekday vs. weekend were 1.0 (0.7–1.5) and 1.2 (0.8–1.8), respectively. Adjusted ORs with 95% CI between surgery in daytime vs. nighttime and weekday vs. weekend were 0.9 (0.6–1.3) and 1.2 (0.8–1.8), respectively. Sensitivity analysis was consistent with the primary analysis. The overall 90‐day mortality rate was 25.6% (186/726).ConclusionNo statistically significant adjusted association between 90‐day mortality and out‐of‐hours admission was found in patients surgically treated for perforated peptic ulcer.
Self‐efficacy mediates the effects of topiramate and GRIK1 genotype on drinking
Authors: Kranzler Henry R. , Armeli Stephen , Wetherill Reagan , Feinn Richard , Tennen Howard , Gelernter Joel , Covault Jonathan , Pond Timothy 
Published: December 2014

AbstractPrevious studies indicate that topiramate reduces alcohol use among problem drinkers, with one study showing that the effect was moderated by a polymorphism (rs2832407) in GRIK1, the gene encoding the GluK1 kainate subunit. We examined whether the interactive effect of medication and genotype (1) altered the association between daily self‐efficacy and later‐day drinking; and (2) had an indirect effect on drinking via self‐efficacy. In a 12‐week, placebo‐controlled trial of topiramate, we used daily interactive voice response technology to measure self‐efficacy (i.e. confidence in avoiding heavy drinking later in the day) and drinking behavior in 122 European‐American heavy drinkers. Topiramate's effects on both self‐efficacy and drinking level were moderated by rs2832407. C‐allele homozygotes treated with topiramate showed higher levels of self‐efficacy and lower levels of nighttime drinking across the 12‐week trial. Further, the interactive effect of topiramate and genotype on mean nighttime drinking levels was mediated by mean levels of self‐efficacy. By modeling topiramate's effects on nighttime drinking across multiple levels of analysis, we found that self‐efficacy, a key psychologic construct, mediated the effect of topiramate, which was moderated by rs2832407 genotype. Thus, it may be possible to use an individualized assessment (i.e. genotype) to select treatment to optimize the reduction in heavy drinking and thereby provide a personalized treatment approach.
Comparative analysis of corneal measurements obtained from a Scheimpflug camera and an integrated Placido‐optical coherence tomography device in normal and keratoconic eyes
Authors: Viswanathan Deepa , Kumar Nikhil L. , Males John J. , Graham Stuart L. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractPurposeTo assess the agreement between a Scheimpflug camera (Pentacam) and a combined Placido‐optical coherence tomography device (Visante OMNI) in measuring corneal curvature, thickness and elevation values in normal and keratoconic eyes.MethodsCorneal measurements of 110 normal eyes (one eye per subject) and 70 keratoconic eyes were obtained from both devices and compared. Agreement was determined using the Bland–Altman analysis 95% limits of agreement (LoA).ResultsThe Pentacam measured significantly greater keratometry readings in the flattest (K1) and steepest meridians (K2) in normal and keratoconic eyes. The 95% LoA in normal eyes were −0.32 to 0.59 dioptres (D) (K1) and −0.41 to 0.74 D (K2). In keratoconic eyes, the 95% LoA were −1.35 to 1.92 D (K1) and −1.38 to 1.99 D (K2). The Pentacam recorded significantly higher central corneal thickness (CCT) values in both groups of eyes. The 95% LoA were −4.31 to 39.89 microns (μ) and −12.92 to 41.35 μ in normal and keratoconic eyes, respectively. Pentacam anterior and posterior corneal elevations were significantly greater in both groups of eyes. The devices demonstrated excellent repeatability and reproducibility for corneal curvature and thickness but not elevation measurements.ConclusionsThe Pentacam measured significantly greater corneal curvature, thickness and elevation values compared to the Visante OMNI in normal and keratoconic eyes. The devices agree moderately for anterior corneal elevations in normal eyes and do not appear to be interchangeable for corneal measurements in clinical practice.
Stand management to reduce fire risk promotes understorey plant diversity and biomass in a semi‐aridPinus halepensisplantation
Authors: Jiménez María N. , Spotswood Erica N. , Cañadas Eva M. , Navarro Francisco B. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractQuestionsHow do thinning and understorey management practices (ploughing, clearing) to reduce fire risk affect plant species composition, diversity and biomass within pine plantations on previous croplands? Do managed pine plantations promote changes in plant succession compared to unplanted areas (old fields) towards restoration goals including holm oak forest or other alternative land‐use types?LocationAltiplano del Conejo, Guadix‐Baza Basin,SEIberian Peninsula, Spain.MethodsWe evaluated plant species composition, diversity, cover and biomass in the understorey of a semi‐arid 10‐yr‐old afforestation area ofPinus halepensisthrough a manipulative experiment in which four different thinning regimes (T0 treatment: control plots; T100, T75, T60 and T48 treatments: 100%, 75%, 60%, and 48% of mean basal area removed, respectively), and two understorey vegetation treatments (clearing, ploughing) were applied, simulating stand practices to reduce fire risk. Sampling was performed annually for 5 yr (from 2006 to 2010). For comparison, four other land‐use types (rain‐fed cereal crops, old fields, alpha grass steppes and holm oak forests) were sampled to quantify understorey vegetation community composition and diversity.ResultsAfforestation plots were compositionally distinct from each other within 5 yr, mainly as a result of canopy thinning and to a lesser extent, vegetation treatments. Total species richness was highest in the low to medium densities of pines, where richness approached that found in native communities. However, afforestation plots were most similar in diversity, life‐form type and composition to abandoned agricultural fields, and large differences were found between afforestation plots, native forests and alpha grass steppes.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that plant species composition in the understorey of pine plantations on former cropland can respond rapidly to common management practices intended to reduce fire risk. In particular, tree thinning increases both understorey plant diversity and biomass, but does not lead to recruitment of species that are typical of native forests. Rates of native forest succession appear to be slow in this semi‐arid Mediterranean ecosystem. Current pine plantation management practices, while useful for increasing understorey biomass and plant diversity will need to be coupled with additional restoration techniques (e.g. seeding and transplants) to recover species composition and structure of native forests.
Pharmacokinetics of serelaxin in patients with hepatic impairment: a single‐dose, open‐label, parallel group study
Authors: Kobalava Zhanna , Villevalde Svetlana , Kotovskaya Yulia , Hinrichsen Holger , Petersen‐Sylla Marc , Zaehringer Andreas , Pang Yinuo , Rajman Iris , Canadi Jasna , Dahlke Marion , Lloyd Peter , Halabi Atef 
Published: December 2014

AimsSerelaxin is a recombinant form of human relaxin‐2 in development for treatment of acute heart failure. This study aimed to evaluate the pharmacokinetics (PK) of serelaxin in patients with hepatic impairment. Secondary objectives included evaluation of immunogenicity, safety and tolerability of serelaxin.MethodsThis was an open‐label, parallel group study (NCT01433458) comparing the PK of serelaxin following a single 24 h intravenous (i.v.) infusion (30 μg kg−1 day−1) between patients with mild, moderate or severe hepatic impairment (Child–Pugh class A, B, C) and healthy matched controls. Blood sampling and standard safety assessments were conducted. Primary non‐compartmental PK parameters [including area under the serum concentration–time curve AUC(0–48 h) and AUC(0–∞) and serum concentration at 24 h post‐dose (C24h)] were compared between each hepatic impairment group and healthy controls.ResultsA total of 49 subjects (including 25 patients with hepatic impairment) were enrolled, of which 48 subjects completed the study. In all groups, the serum concentration of serelaxin increased over the first few hours of infusion, reached steady‐state at 12–24 h and then declined following completion of infusion, with a mean terminal half‐life of 7–8 h. All PK parameter estimates were comparable between each group of patients with hepatic impairment and healthy controls. No serious adverse events, discontinuations due to adverse events or deaths were reported. No serelaxin treatment‐related antibodies developed during this study.ConclusionsThe PK and safety profile of serelaxin were not affected by hepatic impairment. No dose adjustment is needed for serelaxin treatment of 48 h i.v. infusion in patients with hepatic impairment.
The Adverse Effects of Sorafenib in Patients with Advanced Cancers
Authors: Li Ye , Gao Zu‐Hua , Qu Xian‐Jun 
Published: December 2014

AbstractSorafenib is the first multi‐kinase inhibitor (TKI) approved for the treatment of advanced hepatocellular cancer (HCC) and metastatic renal cell cancer (RCC) and is increasingly being used to treat patients with well‐differentiated radioiodine‐resistant thyroid cancer (DTC). Sorafenib demonstrates targeted activity on several families of receptor and non‐receptor tyrosine kinases that are involved in angiogenesis, tumour growth and metastatic progression of cancer. Sorafenib treatment results in long‐term efficacy and low incidence of life‐threatening toxicities. Although sorafenib has demonstrated many benefits in patients, the adverse effects cannot be ignored. The most common treatment‐related toxicities include diarrhoea, fatigue, hand–foot skin reaction and hypertension. Most of these toxicities are considered mild to moderate and manageable to varying degrees; however, cardiovascular events might lead to death. In this MiniReview, we summarize the adverse effects of sorafenib that commonly occur in patients with advanced cancers.
Effectiveness of hexaminolevulinate fluorescence cystoscopy for the diagnosis of non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer in daily clinical practice: a Spanish multicentre observational study
Authors: Palou Juan , Hernández Carlos , Solsona Eduardo , Abascal Ramon , Burgués Juan P. , Rioja Carlos , Cabrera José A. , Gutiérrez Carlos , Rodríguez Oscar , Iborra Inmaculada , Herranz Felipe , Abascal José M. , Conde Guillermo , Oliva José 
Published: December 2014

ObjectiveTo assess the sensitivity and specificity of blue‐light cystoscopy (BLC) with hexaminolevulinate as an adjunct to white‐light cystoscopy (WLC) vs WLC alone for the detection of non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), in routine clinical practice in Spain.Patients and MethodAn intra‐patient comparative, multicentre, prospective, observational study. Adults with suspected or documented primary or recurrent NMIBC at eight Spanish centres were included in the study. All patients were examined with WLC followed by BLC with hexaminolevulinate. We evaluated the detection rate of bladder cancer lesions by WLC and BLC with hexaminolevulinate, overall and by tumour stage and compared with histological examination of the biopsied lesions. Sensitivity and specificity was calculated.ResultsIn all, 1 569 lesions were identified from 283 patients: 621 were tumour lesions according to histology and 948 were false‐positives. Of the 621 tumour lesions, 475 were detected by WLC (sensitivity 76.5%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 73.2–79.8) and 579 were detected by BLC (sensitivity 93.2%, 95% CI 91.0–95.1; P < 0.001). There was a significant improvement in the sensitivity in the detection of all types of NMIBC lesions with BLC compared with WLC. Of 219 patients with tumours, 188 had NMIBC [highest grade: carcinoma in situ (CIS), n = 36; Ta, n = 87; T1, n = 65). CIS lesions were identified more with BLC (n = 27) than with WLC [n = 19; sensitivity: BLC 75.0% (95% CI 57.8–87.9) vs WLC 52.8% (95% CI 35.5–69.6); P = 0.021]. Results varied across centres.ConclusionsThis study shows that improvement in diagnosis of NMIBC, mainly CIS and Ta tumours, obtained with BLC with hexaminolevulinate as an adjunct to WLC vs WLC alone can be shown in routine clinical practice.
Review: Adoption, fostering, and the needs of looked‐after and adopted children
Authors: Fisher Philip A. 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundThis review of the literature examines adoption, fostering, and the needs of looked‐after and adopted children. Three domains of research about looked‐after children are examined.FindingsThere is extensive evidence that early adverse experiences affect psychological and neurobiological development in looked‐after and adopted children. There is also evidence that some looked‐after and adopted children show remarkable resilience in the face of adversity; intervention research provides evidence of the ability to reduce risks and promote positive outcomes in this population. The intervention studies have revealed not only the potential for improved behavioral trajectories but also the plasticity of neurobiological systems affected by early stress.ConclusionFoster and adopted children face many challenges, but scientific knowledge also provides reason for hope and information about how to maximize positive outcomes.
Evaluation of the influence exerted by different dental specialty backgrounds and measuring instrument reproducibility on esthetic aspects of maxillary implant‐supported single crown
Authors: Vaidya Samriddhi , Ho Yu Lau Elaine , Hao Jie , Lang Niklaus P. , Mattheos Nikos 
Published: December 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the influence exerted by different dental specialty backgrounds as well as the validity and reproducibility of the Pink Esthetic Score/White Esthetic Score (PES/WES) and the modified Implant Crown Aesthetic Index (mod‐ICAI) on the assessment of esthetic aspects of maxillary implants supported single‐tooth prosthesis.Material and methodsA total of fourteen examiners (Two orthodontists, two prosthodontists, two oral surgeons, two periodontists, two dental technicians, two dental assistants, and two postgraduate students in Implant Dentistry evaluated 20 photographs of single‐implant‐supported crowns and five photographs of unrestored teeth of esthetic zone in a two part study. The examiners assessed the photographs with each index (Pink Esthetic Score/White Esthetic Score and modified Implant Crown Aesthetic Index), twice with a week's interval. Orders of photographs were rearranged in the second assessment.ResultsKruskal–Wallis test results showed significant differences among all the six specialties (P ≤ 0.001). DAs and periodontists had significantly better ratings than other specialties with both indices. Prosthodontists had the lowest mean rank scores regardless of the index. Interobserver agreement was also lowest between the two prosthodontists (4–28%), rest of the groups had low‐to‐moderate agreement (20–80%) when limited allowance was accepted. With mod‐ICAI, more interobserver agreement was noted within the specialty group than with PES/WES.ConclusionsThe PES/WES and the modified ICAI can be reliable estimates of esthetic outcomes. The assessor degree of specialization affected the esthetic evaluation with both the PES/WES and the modified ICAI. DAs and periodontists were identified to provide more favorable ratings than other specialties while prosthodontists were most critical in this study. With modified ICAI, more interobserver agreement within specialty resulted. The interexaminer agreement may be increased if more tolerance of 1–2 points is considered.
Early reconstruction of the leaking ileal pouch‐anal anastomosis: a novel solution to an old problem
Authors: Gardenbroek T. J. , Musters G. D. , Buskens C. J. , Ponsioen C. Y. , D'Haens G. R. A. M. , Dijkgraaf M. G. W. , Tanis P. J. , Bemelman W. A. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAimThe study aimed to determine the effectiveness and direct medical costs of early surgical closure of the anastomotic defect after a short course of Endo‐sponge® therapy of the presacral cavity, compared with conventional treatment in patients with anastomotic leakage after ileal pouch‐anal anastomosis (IPAA).MethodPatients with anastomotic leakage after IPAA undergoing early surgical closure of the anastomotic defect after a short Endo‐sponge® treatment were prospectively followed and compared with a consecutive cohort of patients with an anastomotic leak treated by creation of a loop ileostomy and occasional drainage of the presacral cavity.ResultsA total of 15 patients were treated with early surgical closure and 29 were treated conventionally. In the early surgical closure group, the Endo‐sponge® treatment was continued for a median of 12 days [interquartile range (IQR) 7–15 days] with a median of 3 (IQR 2–4) Endo‐sponge® changes. Secondary anastomotic healing was achieved in all patients (n = 15) in the early surgical closure group compared with 52% (n = 16) in the conventional treatment group (P = 0.003). Closure of the anastomotic defect was achieved after a median of 48 (25–103) days in the early surgical closure group compared with 70 (IQR 49–175) days in the conventional treatment group (P = 0.013). A functional pouch was seen in 93% and 86% of the patients in each group. There was no significant difference in direct medical cost.ConclusionEarly surgical closure after a short period of Endo‐sponge® treatment is highly effective in treating anastomotic leakage after IPAA without increasing cost.
Assessing Antecedents of Socially Responsible Supplier Selection in Three Global Supply Chain Contexts
Authors: Griffis Stanley E. , Autry Chad W. , Thornton LaDonna M. , Brik Anis ben 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTA number of highly publicized, controversial lapses in social responsibility within global supply chains have forced managers and scholars to reexamine long‐held perspectives on supplier selection. Extending Carter and Jennings’ department‐level study of purchasing social responsibility, our research assesses the role of supply managers’ ethical intentions and three key antecedents that drive socially responsible supplier selection. Comparing evidence from firms operating in China, the United States, and the United Arab Emirates, we identify three key drivers of supply managers’ ethical intentions and examine both their direct and indirect impacts on socially responsible supplier selection. We find differential support for the predictor relationships on supply manager ethical intentions across national contexts and mediated versus nonmediated models. These observations bear important implications for firms conducting global supply management.
Learning to Pray
Authors: Beck Joan 
Published: December 2014

AbstractJoan Beck writes a personal account of how her life of prayer has developed since graduating from seminary in 1978. She tells how, through prayer, the Holy Spirit enlivened the presence of Christ in her as she learned to listen more than talk and weathered dry spells of no response. She hopes that by including reports and resources from her own journey, readers will be moved to reflect upon and share what they have learned through prayer.
Formation for the Whole Church: A New/Old Vision of Theological Education in the 21st Century
Authors: Stache Kristine 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis article offers a proposal for a vision of theological education beyond the boundaries of training and teaching for traditional professional ministry roles. Particular attention will be given to the idea of education as formation and the shared role academic institutions have with congregations. Implications for reshaping definitions of student and faculty will be explored.
Beyond Biblical Literacy: Developing Readerly Readers in Teaching Biblical Studies
Authors: Stack‐Nelson Judith 
Published: December 2014

AbstractTheological education in biblical studies often has focused on information, but it needs to emphasize developing skills and sensibilities in students that will produce confident, imaginative, and attentive readers. To form readers with a disciplined imagination—what we are calling “readerly readers”—educators need to inculcate skills and sensibilities that will enable students to interact with the text as a living voice, rather than as an object to be mastered, and to allow the text to provoke difficult, profound, or long‐term questions.
Nurturing Faith for Action: Theological Education and Global Responsibility
Authors: Rosencrans Kendra 
Published: December 2014

AbstractGhana hopes to parlay the financial promises of oil recovery into a better life for its people. If Ghana succeeds, it would be a model for the developing world. But Ghana's capacity to overcome poverty and support human dignity will be stronger if the rest of us who also hold that value commit more truly to it. As people of faith, as leaders of institutions, as educators, we face substantive questions about how our own actions, business decisions, and consumptive practices contribute to the larger issues of oil, consumerism, and planetary health. A course that asks not just Christian scholars and clergy, but leaders of theological institutions, church bodies, businesses, and others, to consider an ethical, paradigmatic shift toward a whole‐world ethic of well‐being is in order.
Coming In? Or Going Out? A Few Thoughts on Theological Education
Authors: Haemig Mary Jane 
Published: December 2014

AbstractMuch of theological education and church life has been based on the assumption that people will come to church. Instead, the church needs to look at how it can go out to those who do not come. Careful consideration needs to be given to the traits of leaders needed for this task and the ethos of the education best suited to helping them move out. The past provides some models that may be useful for Lutherans today.
Academic Theology Centered on Practical Theology
Authors: Iversen Hans Raun 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis article argues that there are considerable advantages for society, university, theology and the church to conduct theological research and education of pastors at a secular state university like the University of Copenhagen. The disadvantage is foremost that learning from a practice‐theory‐practice model is not found in theological education at the secular university. In the case of Denmark, this is, however, more due to the theology and set up of the church than to the university, where it is commonplace to integrate practice in academic studies.